bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autonomous and Continuous Adaptation of a Bihormonal Bionic Pancreas in Adults and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: El-Khatib Firas H. , Russell Steven J. , Magyar Kendra L. , Sinha Manasi , McKeon Katherine , Nathan David M. , Damiano Edward R.
Published: January 2014

Context:

A challenge for automated glycemic control in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the large variation in insulin needs between individuals and within individuals at different times in their lives.

Objectives:

The objectives of the study was to test the ability of a third-generation bihormonal bionic pancreas algorithm, initialized with only subject weight; to adapt automatically to the different insulin needs of adults and adolescents; and to evaluate the impact of optional, automatically adaptive meal-priming boluses.

Design:

This was a randomized controlled trial.

Setting:

The study was conducted at an inpatient clinical research center.

Patients:

Twelve adults and 12 adolescents with T1D participated in the study.

Interventions:

Subjects in each age group were randomized to automated glycemic control for 48 hours with or without automatically adaptive meal-priming boluses.

Main Outcome Measures:

Mean plasma glucose (PG), time with PG less than 60 mg/dL, and insulin total daily dose were measured.

Results:

The 48-hour mean PG values with and without adaptive meal-priming boluses were 132 ± 9 vs 146 ± 9 mg/dL (P = .03) in adults and 162 ± 6 vs 175 ± 9 mg/dL (P = .01) in adolescents. Adaptive meal-priming boluses improved mean PG without increasing time spent with PG less than 60 mg/dL: 1.4% vs 2.3% (P = .6) in adults and 0.1% vs 0.1% (P = 1.0) in adolescents. Large increases in adaptive meal-priming boluses and shifts in the timing and size of automatic insulin doses occurred in adolescents. Much less adaptation occurred in adults. There was nearly a 4-fold variation in the total daily insulin dose across all cohorts (0.36–1.41 U/kg · d).

Conclusions:

A single control algorithm, initialized only with subject weight, can quickly adapt to regulate glycemia in patients with TID and highly variable insulin requirements.
Subcutaneous preconditioning increases invasion and metastatic dissemination in colorectal cancer models
Authors: Alamo Patricia , Gallardo Alberto , Pavón Miguel Angel , Casanova Isolda , Trias Manuel , Mangues Maria Antonia , Vázquez Esther , Villaverde Antoni , Mangues Ramon , Céspedes Maria Virtudes
Published: January 2014

MMouse colorectal cancer (CRC) models generated by orthotopic microinjection of human CRC cell lines reproduce the pattern of lymphatic, hematological and transceolomic spread but generate low metastatic efficiency. Our aim was to develop a new strategy that could increase the metastatic efficiency of these models. We used subcutaneous implantation of the human CRC cell lines HCT116 and SW48 prior to their orthotopic microinjection in the cecum of nude mice (SC+ORT). This subcutaneous preconditioning significantly enhanced metastasic dissemination. In the HCT116 model it increased the number and size of metastatic foci in lymph nodes, lung and liver, whereas in the SW48 model it induced a shift from non-metastatic to metastatic. In both models the number of apoptotic bodies in the primary tumor in the SC+ORT group was significantly reduced compared to the direct orthotopic injection (ORT group). Moreover, in HCT116 tumors the number of keratin-positive tumour buddings and single epithelial cells increased at the invasion front in SC+ORT mice. In the SW48 tumor model, we observed a trend towards a higher number of tumor buds and single cells in the SC+ORT group but this did not reach statistical significance. At a molecular level, the enhanced metastatic efficiency observed in the HCT116 SC+ORT model was associated with an increase in AKT activation, VEGF-A overexpression and downregulation of β1 integrin in primary tumour tissue, whereas in SW48 SC+ORT mice the level of expression of these proteins remained unchanged. In summary, subcutaneous preconditioning increased the metastatic dissemination of both orthotopic CRC models by increasing tumor cell survival and invasion at the tumor invasion front. This approach could be useful to simultaneously study the mechanisms of metastases and to evaluate antimetastatic drugs against CRC.
Scyl1 scaffolds class II Arfs to selective subcomplexes of coatomer via the γ-COP appendage domain
Authors: Hamlin Jason N. R. , Schroeder Lena K. , Fotouhi Maryam , Dokainish Hatem , Ioannou Maria S. , Girard Martine , Summerfeldt Nathan , Melançon Paul , McPherson Peter S.
Published: January 2014

Coatomer (COPI)-coated vesicles mediate membrane trafficking in the early secretory pathway. There are at least three subclasses of COPI coats and two classes of Arf GTPases that couple COPI coat proteins to membranes. Whether mechanisms exist to link specific Arfs to selective COPI subcomplexes is unknown. We now demonstrate that Scy1-like 1 (Scyl1), a member of the Scy1-like family of catalytically inactive protein kinases oligomerizes through centrally located HEAT repeats and uses a C-terminal RKXX-COO− motif to interact directly with the appendage domain of γ2-COP. Through a distinct site, Scyl1 interacts selectively with class II Arfs, notably Arf4, thus linking class II Arfs to γ2-bearing COPI subcomplexes. Therefore, Scyl1 functions as a scaffold for key components of COPI coats and disruption of the Scyl1 scaffolding function causes tubulation of the ER/Golgi intermediate compartment and cis-Golgi, similar to that observed following loss of Arf and Arf-GEF function. Our data reveal Scyl1 as a key organizer of a selective subset of the COPI machinery.
Fenomen piosenki francuskiej w Polsce, czyli Piaf wiecznie żywa
Authors: Warmuzińska‑Rogóż Joanna
Published: January 2014

The fans of French songs have recently received a real windfall: two CDs prepared by Michał Bajor with the French songs chosen by the artist. Polish translations by Wojciech Młynarski, very accurate at the level of meaning, are an important advantage of the publication. However, the high fidelity between the original and the translation does not provide the excellent compatibility between both groups of texts. This article shows, from the point of view of the process of translation, the functioning of the songs selected by the authors of the disc both in the target and original culture. While in France many of the songs selected by Michał Bajor are considered as classics that have no longer a special interest among the French auditors, on a contrary in the Polish culture it is possible to observe the enduring interest in this form of creation. Interestingly, we find that the average Polish recipient perceives the song from the perspective of artists such as Edith Piaf, Charles Aznavour and Joe Dassin, without being aware of new trends in music. We are therefore faced with an interesting cultural transfer process, in which the faithful translation does not guarantee the absence of deformation, resulting in this case, at least in part, from differences in the “time‑space” of the original and the translation.
Valuations and surface area measures
Authors: Haberl Christoph , Parapatits Lukas
Published: January 2014

We consider valuations defined on polytopes containing the origin which have measures on the sphere as values.
We show that the classical surface area measure is essentially the only such valuation which is

SL
(
n
)

$\operatorname{SL}(n)$

contravariant of degree one.
Moreover, for all real p, an Lp
version of the above result is established for

GL
(
n
)

$\operatorname{GL}(n)$

contravariant valuations of degree p.
This provides a characterization of the Lp
surface area measures from the Lp
Brunn–Minkowski theory.
Properties of young Araucaria heterophylla (Norfolk Island pine) reaction and normal wood
Authors: Sharma Monika , Altaner Clemens Michael
Published: January 2014

Young Araucaria heterophylla (Salisb.) Franco seedlings have been grown tilted to obtain compression wood (CW), opposite wood (OW), and normal wood (NW). Mechanical and anatomical properties of these wood tissues have been assessed. CW had characteristics associated with low severity. OW and NW did not differ significantly in their properties and were found to have a considerably lower microfibril angle and higher modulus of elasticity than those of juvenile corewood of Pinus radiata D. Don.
A conceptual framework for early adolescence: a platform for research
Authors: Blum Robert W. , Astone Nan Marie , Decker Michele R. , Mouli Venkatraman Chandra
Published: January 2014

Early adolescence (ages 10–14 years) is among the most neglected stages of development, yet there are few stages during the life course where changes are as dramatic. The present conceptual framework proposes four central goals to be achieved by early adolescence: engagement with learning, emotional and physical safety, positive sense of self/self-efficacy, acquisition of life/decision-making skills. The framework proposes an ecological model where the macro level factors (economic forces, historical events, national priorities, laws/policies/norms and values, national events, and political realities) all set the contexts that influence community, family, school and peer factors that all in turn influence the adolescent. Existing indicators for points of development are noted as are future areas of research priority.
Automatic Measurement of Yarn Crimp Using Image Analysis
Authors: Oh Sunhyung , Lee Moo Sung , Kim Sungmin
Published: January 2014

Automatic crimp measurement system hardware and software have been developed. To measure the crimp of a relatively long yarn specimen under zero tension, a precise linear stage was used along with a high-definition digital microscope. Because of the narrow viewing angle of the microscope, a series of images were captured while the specimen plate was moved. The whole system was built into an opaque enclosure with internal illumination devices to prevent irregular external lighting effects. The relationship between image and world coordinates was established via automatic camera calibration. The shape of the yarn crimp was extracted via a series of image processing techniques, and quantitative information on yarn crimp, such as the crimp ratio and average crimp pitch, was calculated through Fourier series expansion and statistical analysis.
Gender adaptation in loan layers of Romani
Authors: Boretzky Norbert
Published: January 2014

The aim of this paper is to analyze how Romani has integrated nouns borrowed from various languages during its history with regard to grammatical gender. First the gender system of Romani is characterized in contrast to the European languages it was in contact with, and which were the most important changes Romani underwent concerning gender marking. In the following sections, the assignment of gender to various loan layers is discussed, pre-European (Iranian and Armenian), Greek, Slavic, Romanian, Hungarian, and German, among them non-gender, three-gender and two-gender languages. Greek appears to have had the most profound influence on Romani gender morphology. Concerning Romani Mixed dialects, attention is payed to the changes that took place in the inherited, Indic, layer.
Angiotensin II and the JNK pathway mediate urotensin II expression in response to hypoxia in rat cardiomyocytes
Authors: Chiu Chiung-Zuan , Wang Bao-Wei , Shyu Kou-Gi
Published: January 2014

Cardiomyocyte hypoxia causes cardiac hypertrophy through cardiac-restricted gene expression. Urotensin II (UII) cooperates with activating protein 1 (AP1) to regulate cardiomyocyte growth in response to myocardial injuries. Angiotensin II (AngII) stimulates UII expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cardiac hypertrophy. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of UII, ROS, and AngII as well as their genetic transcription after hypoxia treatment in neonatal cardiomyocytes. Cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were subjected to hypoxia for different time periods. UII (Uts2) protein levels increased after 2.5% hypoxia for 4 h with earlier expression of AngII and ROS. Both hypoxia and exogenously added AngII or Dp44mT under normoxia stimulated UII expression, whereas AngII receptor blockers, JNK inhibitors (SP600125), JNK siRNA, orN-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) suppressed UII expression. The gel shift assay indicated that hypoxia induced an increase in DNA–protein binding between UII and AP1. The luciferase assay confirmed an increase in transcription activity of AP1 to the UII promoter under hypoxia. After hypoxia, an increase in3H-proline incorporation in the cardiomyocytes and expression of myosin heavy chain protein, indicative of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, were observed. In addition, hypoxia increased collagen I expression, which was inhibited by SP600125, NAC, andUIIsiRNA. In summary, hypoxia in cardiomyocytes increases UII and collagen I expression through the induction of AngII, ROS, and the JNK pathway causing cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis.
Expression of genes involved in the embryo–maternal interaction in the early-pregnant canine uterus
Authors: Kautz E , Gram A , Aslan S , Ay S S , Selçuk M , Kanca H , Koldaş E , Akal E , Karakaş K , Findik M , Boos A , Kowalewski M P
Published: January 2014

Although there is no acute luteolytic mechanism in the absence of pregnancy in the bitch, a precise and well-timed embryo–maternal interaction seems to be required for the initiation and maintenance of gestation. As only limited information is available about these processes in dogs, in this study, the uterine expression of possible decidualization markers was investigated during the pre-implantation stage (days 10–12) of pregnancy and in the corresponding nonpregnant controls. In addition, the expression of selected genes associated with blastocyst development and/or implantation was investigated in embryos flushed from the uteri of bitches used for this study (unhatched and hatched blastocysts). There was an upregulated expression of prolactin receptor (PRLR) andIGF2observed pre-implantation. The expression ofPRLand ofIGF1was unaffected, and neither was the expression of progesterone- or estrogen receptor β (ESR2). In contrast, (ESR1) levels were elevated during early pregnancy. Prostaglandin (PG)-system revealed upregulated expression of PGE2-synthase and its receptors,PTGER2andPTGER4, and of the PG-transporter. Elevated levels ofAKR1C3mRNA, but not the protein itself, were noted. Expression of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) remained unaffected. Most of the transcripts were predominantly localized to the uterine epithelial cells, myometrium and, to a lesser extent, to the uterine stroma.PGES(PTGES) mRNA was abundantly expressed in both groups of embryos and appeared higher in the hatched ones. The expression level ofIGF2mRNA appeared higher than that ofIGF1mRNA in hatched embryos. In unhatched embryosIGF1,IGF2, andPTGS2mRNA levels were below the detection limit.
Pediatric Palliative Care and Pediatric Medical Ethics: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Feudtner Chris , Nathanson Pamela G.
Published: January 2014

The fields of pediatric palliative care (PPC) and pediatric medical ethics (PME) overlap substantially, owing to a variety of historical, cultural, and social factors. This entwined relationship provides opportunities for leveraging the strong communication skills of both sets of providers, as well as the potential for resource sharing and research collaboration. At the same time, the personal and professional relationships between PPC and PME present challenges, including potential conflict with colleagues, perceived or actual bias toward a palliative care perspective in resolving ethical problems, potential delay or underuse of PME services, and a potential undervaluing of the medical expertise required for PPC consultation. We recommend that these challenges be managed by: (1) clearly defining and communicating clinical roles of PPC and PME staff, (2) developing questions that may prompt PPC and PME teams to request consultation from the other service, (3) developing explicit recusal criteria for PPC providers who also provide PME consultation, (4) ensuring that PPC and PME services remain organizationally distinct, and (5) developing well-defined and broad scopes of practice. Overall, the rich relationship between PPC and PME offers substantial opportunities to better serve patients and families facing difficult decisions.
What’s in a Name? Changes and Challenges in One Hundred Years of Inayat Khan’s (Inayati) Universal Sufism
Authors: Genn Celia
Published: January 2014

In 2010, the International Sufi Movement celebrated one hundred years of Hazrat Inayat Khan’s Sufi Message in the West. This article draws attention to recent developments within Inayati Sufi groups and identifies how new tensions arising in relation to the religion of Islam pose challenges for the group’s identity and future. Separating Sufism from the exoteric tradition of Islam was part of Inayat Khan’s vision for the future of religion, though Inayati orders honour their origins in, and retain significant strands of the Chishtiyya Sufism of India. This article reveals a mix of tradition and innovation in the group’s history, thought and practice, and a variety of stances toward both Islam and the designation ‘Sufi’. Despite the tensions, this transnational Sufi community remains characterised by an inner core of disciplined ethical spiritual work directed toward self and God realisation, and an ecumenical vision of universal brother and sisterhood, that accommodates seekers from all backgrounds.
The Jungle Books:Rudyard Kipling's Lamarckian Fantasy
Authors: MacDuffie Allen
Published: January 2014

Scholars have long described Rudyard Kipling'sThe Jungle Booksas a Darwinian narrative. Overlooked, however, is the way in which the text explicitly discusses Lamarckian evolutionary ideas, especially the inheritance of acquired characteristics. This essay contextualizes Mowgli's narrative within a fierce late-nineteenth-century debate about whether the Darwinian theory of natural selection or Lamarckian use inheritance was the main driver of evolutionary change. Kipling describes his protagonist's maturation to “Master of the Jungle” in thoroughly Lamarckian terms, as an evolutionary process propelled by experience, effort, and conscious adaptation. But some of the conceptual incoherence that troubled the Lamarckian evolutionary scheme when it was applied to human racial difference also troubles Kipling's account of Mowgli's genetic past and the evolutionary issue of his experiences.
Activated Protein C Inhibits Proliferation and Tumor Necrosis Factor α-Stimulated Activation of p38, c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase (JNK) and Akt in Rheumatoid Synovial Fibroblasts
Authors: Julovi Sohel M. , Shen Kaitlin , McKelvey Kelly , Minhas Nikita , March Lyn , Jackson Christopher J.
Published: January 2014

Synovial fibroblast proliferation Is a hallmark of the Invasive pannus in the rheumatoid joint. Activated protein C (APC) is a natural anticoagulant that exerts antiinflammatory and cyto-protective effects in various diseases via endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) and proteinase-activated receptor (PAR)-mediated pathways. In this study, we investigated the effect and the underlying cellular signaling mechanisms of APC on proliferation of human rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts (RSFs). We found that APC stimulated proliferation of mouse dermal fibroblasts (MDFs) and normal human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) by up to 60%, but robustly downregulated proliferation of RSFs. APC induced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and enhanced expression of p21 and p27 in a dose-dependent manner in RSFs. The latter effect was inhibited by pretreatment with the ERK inhibitors PD98059 and U0126 but not by p38 inhibitor SB203580. In addition, APC significantly downregulated tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α-stimulated cell proliferation and activation of p38, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and Akt in RSFs. These results provide the first evidence that APC selectively inhibits proliferation and the inflammatory signaling pathways of RSFs. Thus, APC may reduce synovial hyperplasia and pannus invasion in rheumatoid arthritis.
Midkine Is Expressed and Differentially Processed during Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Associated with Staphylococcus aureus Infection
Authors: Linge Helena M. , Andersson Cecilia , Nordin Sara L. , Olin Anders I. , Petersson Ann-Cathrine , Mörgelin Matthias , Welin Amanda , Bylund Johan , Bjermer Leif , Erjefält Jonas , Egesten Arne
Published: January 2014

Staphylococcus aureus is sometimes isolated from the airways during acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but more commonly recognized as a cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Antimicrobial proteins, among them midkine (MK), are an important part of innate immunity in the airways. In this study, the levels and possible processing of MK in relation to S. aureus infection of the airways were investigated, comparing COPD and VAP, thus comparing a state of disease with preceding chronic inflammation and remodeling (COPD) with acute inflammation (that is, VAP). MK was detected in the small airways and alveoli of COPD lung tissue but less so in normal lung tissue. MK at below micromolar concentrations killed S. aureus in vitro. Proteolytic processing of MK by the staphylococcal metalloprotease aureolysin (AL), but not cysteine protease staphopain A (SA), resulted in impaired bactericidal activity. Degradation was seen foremost in the COOH-terminal portion of the molecule that harbors high bactericidal activity. In addition, MK was detected in sputum from patients suffering from VAP caused by S. aureus but less so in sputum from COPD exacerbations associated with the same bacterium. Recombinant MK was degraded more rapidly in sputum from the COPD patients than from the VAP patients and a greater proteolytic activity in COPD sputum was confirmed by zymography. Taken together, proteases of both bacteria and the host contribute to degradation of the antibacterial protein MK, resulting in an impaired defense of the airways, in particular, in COPD where the state of chronic inflammation could be of importance.
Evaluation of the Antitumor Activity of Dacomitinib in Models of Human Bladder Cancer
Authors: Grivas Petros D. , Day Kathleen C. , Karatsinides Andreas , Paul Alyssa , Shakir Nazia , Owainati Iya , Liebert Monica , Kunju Lakshmi P. , Thomas Dafydd , Hussain Maha , Day Mark L.
Published: January 2014

Members of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family play a significant role in bladder cancer progression and may underlie the development of chemotherapy resistance. Dacomitinib is an irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor with structural specificity for the catalytic domains of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), HER2 and HER4 that has exhibited vigorous efficacy against other solid tumors. We evaluated the antitumor activity of dacomitinib in human bladder cancer cell lines expressing varying levels of HER family receptors. These cell lines also were established as bladder cancer xenografts in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice to assess dacomitinib activity in vivo. Significant cytotoxic and cytostatic effects were noted in cells expressing elevated levels of the dacomitinib target receptors with apoptosis and cell cycle arrest being the predominant mechanisms of antitumor activity Cells expressing lower levels of HER receptors were much less sensitive to dacomitinib. Interestingly, dacomitinib was more active than either trastuzumab or cetuximab in vitro, and exhibited increased growth inhibition of bladder tumor xenografts compared with lapatinib. Pharmacodynamic effects of dacomitinib included decreased E-cadherin (E-cad) expression, reduction of EGFR and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and reduced mitotic count. Dacomitinib also inhibited tumor growth in a chemotherapy-resistant xenograft and, when combined with chemotherapy in a sensitive xenograft, exhibited superior antitumor effects compared with individual treatments. Evaluation in xenograft-bearing mice revealed that this combination was broadly feasible and well tolerated. In conclusion, dacomitinib exhibited pronounced activity both as a single agent and when combined with chemotherapy in human bladder cancer models. Further investigation of dacomitinib in the preclinical and clinical trial settings is being pursued.
Effects of Erythropoietin in Murine-Induced Pluripotent Cell-Derived Panneural Progenitor Cells
Authors: Offen Nils , Flemming Johannes , Kamawal Hares , Ahmad Ruhel , Wolber Wanja , Geis Christian , Zaehres Holm , Schöler Hans R. , Ehrenreich Hannelore , Müller Albrecht M. , Sirén Anna-Leena
Published: January 2014

Induced cell fate changes by reprogramming of somatic cells offers an efficient strategy to generate autologous pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from any adult cell type. The potential of iPS cells to differentiate into various cell types is well established, however the efficiency to produce functional neurons from iPS cells remains modest. Here, we generated panneural progenitor cells (pNPCs) from mouse iPS cells and investigated the effect of the neurotrophic growth factor erythropoietin (EPO) on their survival, proliferation and neurodifferentiation. Under neural differentiation conditions, iPS-derived pNPCs gave rise to microtubule-associated protein-2 positive neuronlike cells (34% to 43%) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor positive oligodendrocytelike cells (21% to 25%) while less than 1% of the cells expressed the astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein. Neuronlike cells generated action potentials and developed active presynaptic terminals. The pNPCs expressed EPO receptor (EPOR) mRNA and displayed functional EPOR signaling. In proliferating cultures, EPO (0.1–3 U/mL) slightly improved pNPC survival but reduced cell proliferation and neurosphere formation in a concentration-dependent manner. In differentiating cultures EPO facilitated neurodifferentiation as assessed by the increased number of γ-III-tubulin positive neurons. Our results show that EPO inhibits iPS pNPC self-renewal and promotes neurogenesis.
Comparison of Measured and Predicted Suction Stress in Partially Saturated Compacted Mixtures of Sand and Clay
Authors: Pourzargar A. , König D. , Heibrock G. , Datcheva M. , Schanz T.
Published: January 2014

We conducted conventional triaxial and uniaxial tensile tests using partially saturated samples of an artificial compacted mixture of kaolin and sand. Test results were analyzed by applying the effective stress principle in partially saturated soils. The results showed that suction stresses derived by triaxial and tensile tests were consistent at saturations >0.1, while the prediction of suction stress from the drying and wetting soil water characteristic curves of the mixture failed. Experimental results indicated that soil structure effects result in differences in upscaling the microscopic interaction effects to macroscopic strength at different suction levels. These soil structure effects seem to differ for shear strength and tensile strength.
Sex differences of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with symptomatic carotid disease
Authors: Maksimovic Milos , Vlajinac Hristina , Radak Djordje , Marinkovic Jelena , Maksimovic Jadranka , Jorga Jagoda
Published: January 2014

Introduction. Cardiovascular diseases, especially heart disease and stroke
are the cause of more than a half of the total number of deaths in Serbia.
Objectives. The aim of the present study was to determine sex differences of
atherosclerotic risk factors in patients with symptomatic carotid disease.
Methods. The cross-sectional study, involving 657 consecutive patients with
verified carotid atherosclerotic disease, was performed in Belgrade, Serbia.
Sex differences of anthropometric parameters and atherosclerotic risk factors
were analyzed by means of the univariate logistic regression. Results. In
comparison with men, lower education and physical inactivity were
significantly more frequent in women, and the frequency of metabolic syndrome
(MetS), lower high-density cholesterol, abdominal obesity, body mass index
?30.0 kg/m2, hypercholesterolemia and depression were also significantly
higher in women. Smoking and high serum uric acid level were significantly
more frequent in men than in women. Women had significantly higher number of
MetS components per person, but there were no significant sex differences in
the number of other risk factors. Out of all observed risk factors, including
MetS components, physical inactivity and hypertension were most frequent in
both sexes followed by ever smoking and low education in men and low
education and dyslipidemia in women. Conclusion. There were significant sex
differences in the distribution of some atherosclerotic risk factors, but not
in their number per person. Only the number of MetS components was
significantly higher in women.
Prediction of labor induction outcome using different clinical parameters
Authors: Tatic-Stupar Zaklina , Novakov-Mikic Aleksandra , Bogavac Mirjana , Milatovic Stevan , Sekulic Slobodan
Published: January 2014

Introduction. Induction of labor is one of the most common obstetric
interventions in contemporary obstetrics. Objective. The aim of the study was
to evaluate the clinical and sonographic parameters in prediction of success
of labor induction. Methods. The prospective study included 422 women in whom
induction of labor was carried out at the Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology of Clinical Centre of Vojvodina. The role of body mass index and
age of women, parity Bishop score, cervical length measured by transvaginal
ultrasound was evaluated in regard of the success of induction, which was
considered successful if a vaginal delivery occurred within 24 hours after
the onset of induction. Data were statistically analyzed by univariate
statistical analysis and Pearson?s ?2 test. Results. Out of 422 women,
induction of labor was successful in 356 (84.4%), and it failed in 66 (15.6%)
cases. The values of Bishop score and cervical length had positive
correlation with the success of induction. Conclusion. Bishop score and
transvaginal cervical length were both reliable predictors in determining the
success of labor induction, as well as parity and BMI. These parameters are
mostly complementary, not competitive in prediction of labor induction
success.
Occupational exposures to blood and body fluids among health care workers at university hospitals
Authors: Markovic-Denic Ljiljana , Brankovic Milos , Maksimovic Natasa , Jovanovic Bojan , Petrovic Ivana , Simic Marko , Lesic Aleksandar
Published: January 2014

Introduction. Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids is a serious
concern of health care workers and presents a major risk of transmission of
infections such as human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus
(HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Objective. The aim of this study was to
determine the frequency and circumstances of occupational blood and body
fluid exposures among health care workers. Methods. Cross-sectional study was
conducted in three university hospitals in Belgrade. Anonymous questionnaire
was used containing data about demographic characteristics, self-reported
blood and body fluid exposures and circumstances of percutaneous injuries.
Results. Questionnaire was filled in and returned by 216 health care workers
(78.2% of nurses and 21.8% of doctors). 60.6% of participants-health care
workers had sustained at least one needlestick injury during their
professional practice; 25.9% of them in the last 12 months. Of occupational
groups, nurses had higher risk to experience needlestick injuries than
doctors (p=0.05). The majority of the exposures occurred in the operating
theatre (p=0.001). Among factors contributing to the occurrence of
needlestick injuries, recapping needles (p=0.003) and
decontamination/cleaning instruments after surgery (p=0.001) were more
frequent among nurses, while use of a needle before intervention was common
among doctors (p=0.004). Only 41.2% of health care workers had reported their
injuries to a supervisor in order to obtain medical attention. 50.2% of
health care workers were vaccinated with three doses of hepatitis B vaccine.
Conclusion. There is a high rate of needlestick injuries in the daily
hospital routine. Implementation of safety devices would lead to improvement
in health and safety of medical staff.
Conservative treatment of Malgaigne fracture in young female - case report
Authors: Vukasinovic Zoran , Spasovski Dusko , Seslija Igor , Zivkovic Zorica , Stevanovic Milan
Published: January 2014

Introduction. Pelvic ring injuries usually result from high?energy trauma,
and cranial and abdominal multiple injuries are frequently present. Malgaigne
fracture is referred to pelvic ring disruption at two sites, and is often
treated surgically for its instability. We present a case of nonoperative
treatment of Malgaigne pelvic fracture. Case Outline. A 17?year?old girl
sustained a Malgaigne fracture falling off a horse. After ruling out urgent
multiple trauma in local hospital, she was then transferred to Pediatric
Orthopedic and Trauma Service at the Institute of Orthopedic Surgery
?Banjica? Belgrade, with provisional cutaneous traction of 2 kg applied to
her right leg. After the status evaluation, the supracondylar femoral
traction was applied for three months, combined with pelvic cradle for first
73 days. Weight of traction was gradually adjusted according to x?ray
check?up, ranging from 1?16 kg (1/4 of body weight). Antibiotic prophylaxis
was administered for 10 days, and thromboprophylaxis for two months. After
the removal of traction, physical therapy was applied and the patient
achieved full weight bearing four months after the injury. Treatment outcome
was a symmetric and stable pelvic ring, equal leg length, full range of
motion in both hip joints and normal walking. Conclusion. Traction therapy,
combined with gravitational suspension in pelvic cradle, resulted in
excellent clinical result. Although significantly longer and more loaded than
usual, normal weight bearing and walking were promptly achieved using
intensive physical therapy.
Problems Measuring Social Presence in a Community of Inquiry
Authors: Lowenthal Patrick R. , Dunlap Joanna C.
Published: January 2014

To improve Community of Inquiry research, a group of researchers created the Community of Inquiry Questionnaire (CoIQ). While the development of the CoIQ is a step in the right direction, this instrument does not align as well as it could with previous research on each of the individual ‘presences' (i.e., cognitive presence, teaching presence, social presence) that make up the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework. For instance, the questions in the CoIQ focused on measuring social presence do not align as well as they could with the previous indicators of social presence. This article outlines the misalignment encountered when using the CoIQ and highlights ways in which future research on communities of inquiry could be improved.
Reflection as an Indicator of Cognitive Presence
Authors: Redmond Petrea
Published: January 2014

In the Community of Inquiry (CoI) model, cognitive presence indicators can be used to evaluate the quality of inquiry in a discussion forum. Engagement in critical thinking and deep knowledge can occur through reflective processes. When learners move through the four phases of cognitive presence (triggering, exploration, integration, resolution), the processes of discussion and reflection are important in developing deep understanding. In this article, data from the online discussion archives within a blended teacher-education course are analysed using the cognitive presence indicators from the CoI with the additional indicator of reflection. This study indicates that when instructors structure online discussions appropriately, learners are able to share and document their thinking and reflect on their contributions and the perspectives of others while developing new or deeper knowledge. To facilitate the coding of reflective activities and online posts the researcher proposes modifying the resolution phase of the original cognitive presence coding protocol to include an additional reflection indicator.
Path-wise versus kinetic modeling for equilibrating non-Langevin jump-type processes
Authors: Żaba Mariusz , Garbaczewski Piotr , Stephanovich Vladimir
Published: January 2014

We discuss two independent methods of solution of a master equation whose biased jump transition rates account for long jumps of Lévy-stable type and admit a Boltzmannian (thermal) equilibrium to arise in the large time asymptotics of a probability density function ρ(x, t). Our main goal is to demonstrate a compatibility of a direct solution method (an explicit, albeit numerically assisted, integration of the master equation) with an indirect pathwise procedure, recently proposed in [Physica A 392, 3485, (2013)] as a valid tool for a dynamical analysis of non-Langevin jump-type processes. The path-wise method heavily relies on an accumulation of large sample path data, that are generated by means of a properly tailored Gillespie’s algorithm. Their statistical analysis in turn allows to infer the dynamics of ρ(x, t). However, no consistency check has been completed so far to demonstrate that both methods are fully compatible and indeed provide a solution of the same dynamical problem. Presently we remove this gap, with a focus on potential deficiencies (various cutoffs, including those upon the jump size) of approximations involved in simulation routines and solutions protocols.
The Lorenz model for single-mode homogeneously broadened laser: analytical determination of the unpredictable zone
Authors: Ayadi Samia , Haeberlé Olivier
Published: January 2014

We have applied harmonic expansion to derive an analytical solution for the Lorenz-Haken equations. This method is used to describe the regular and periodic self-pulsing regime of the single mode homogeneously broadened laser. These periodic solutions emerge when the ratio of the population decay rate ℘ is smaller than 0:11. We have also demonstrated the tendency of the Lorenz-Haken dissipative system to behave periodic for a characteristic pumping rate “2C
P”[7], close to the second laser threshold “2C
2th
”(threshold of instability). When the pumping parameter “2C” increases, the laser undergoes a period doubling sequence. This cascade of period doubling leads towards chaos. We study this type of solutions and indicate the zone of the control parameters for which the system undergoes irregular pulsing solutions. We had previously applied this analytical procedure to derive the amplitude of the first, third and fifth order harmonics for the laser-field expansion [7, 17]. In this work, we extend this method in the aim of obtaining the higher harmonics. We show that this iterative method is indeed limited to the fifth order, and that above, the obtained analytical solution diverges from the numerical direct resolution of the equations.
Empty Nest- Mirrored in a growing mind: A Case Report
Authors: Shakya DR
Published: January 2014

We report a case of ‘depression’ with ‘empty nest syndrome’ to highlight the importance of parents for psychic development and of family support for effective management of psychiatric disorder.  A 21-year-old lady presented with history of feeling lonely for 2-years, sadness 1 year; and insomnia and death wishes 3 months. She was staying in her home-town with uncle as both parents went abroad 8 years back. She started missing her parents when she had frequent pain abdomen in last 3 years, she could not succeed in examination and friends were away from her. As her uncle and aunt were also busy preparing for abroad work, she increasingly felt lonely and empty in last 2 years.  With growing loneliness, she felt sad and worried. She reported losing interest, feeling weaker and having ruminating thoughts in last year. In between, she met a boy-friend whom she found supportive; but soon, she started worrying that her parents might not agree to this relationship. In distress, she slashed her wrists. Because of her condition, her parents started visa process, which eased for some time. Despite of visa progress, she could not sleep due to worrying thoughts. She expressed suicidal thoughts many times. And, her relatives brought her for psychiatry consultation, though reluctantly. With diagnosis of ‘depressive episode’, she was put on supervised Mirtazapine and Lorazepam. She was also provided psychotherapy which focused on coping and problem solving strategies addressing her ‘empty nest syndrome’, and family members were advised ‘suicide-precaution’.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v2i2.9726 J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol.2, No.2, 2013 43-45
Subtle structural change demonstrated on T2-weighted images after clipping of unruptured intracranial aneurysm: negative effects on cognitive performance
Authors: Inoue Tomohiro , Ohwaki Kazuhiro , Tamura Akira , Tsutsumi Kazuo , Saito Isamu , Saito Nobuhito
Published: January 2014

Object

The mechanisms underlying neurocognitive changes after surgical clipping of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate factors that determine postoperative cognitive decline after UIA surgery.

Methods

Data from 109 patients who underwent surgical clipping of a UIA were retrospectively evaluated. These patients underwent neuropsychological examinations (NPEs), including assessment by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition and the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised before and 6 months after surgical clipping of the UIA. Results of NPEs were converted into z scores, from which pre- and postoperative cognitive composite scores (CSpre and CSpost) were obtained. The association between the change in CS between pre- and postoperative NPEs (that is, CSpost − CSpre [CSpost − pre]) and various variables was assessed. These latter variables included surgical approach (anterior interhemispheric approach or other approach), structural change evidenced on T2-weighted imaging at 6 months, somatosensory evoked potential amplitude decrease greater than 50% during aneurysm manipulation, preexisting multiple ischemic lesions in the lacunar region detected on preoperative T2-weighted imaging, and total microsurgical time. Paired t-tests of the NPE scores were performed to determine the net effect of these factors on neurocognitive function at 6 months.

Results

A significant CSpost − pre decrease was observed in patients with a structural change on postoperative T2-weighted imaging when compared with those without such a change on postoperative T2-weighted imaging (−0.181 vs 0.043, p = 0.012). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that postoperative T2-weighted imaging change independently and negatively correlated with CSpost − pre (p = 0.0005). In group-rate analysis, postoperative NPE scores were significantly improved relative to preoperative scores.

Conclusions

Minimal structural damage visualized on T2-weighted images at 6 months as a result of factors such as pial/microvascular injury and excessive retraction during surgical manipulation could cause subtle but significant negative effects on postoperative neurocognitive function after surgical clipping of a UIA. However, this detrimental effect was small, and based on the group-rate analysis, the authors conclude that successful and meticulous surgical clipping of a UIA does not adversely affect postoperative cognitive function.
Enjeux de sécurité globale pour l'Union européenne dans le Caucase Sud
Authors: Estievenart Georges
Published: January 2014

L’Union n’a commencé à devenir un véritable acteur géostratégique au Caucase du Sud qu’à l’issue de son propre processus d’élargissement géographique (5 ème élargissement 2004-2007 à 10 pays d’Europe centrale et orientale, à la Roumanie et à la Bulgarie). Les trois pays du Caucase du Sud, ex-membres de l’Union soviétique, sont encore très exposés aux convulsions postsoviétiques, et sont très divisés entre eux (conflits gelés) et dans leurs rapports à la Russie. Ils constituent donc un enjeu majeur, mais aussi un exercice délicat et périlleux, pour une Union européenne élargie, mais encore mal consolidée, rendant la conjugaison d’une politique étrangère commune contestée de l’intérieur et d’une politique de sécurité affaiblie par les contradictions des souverainetés nationales, particulièrement malaisée.
Les enjeux économiques et géostratégiques du détroit de Malacca
Authors: Fau Nathalie
Published: January 2014

À l’articulation des lignes transocéaniques entre l’océan Indien et le Pacifique, des lignes intra-asiatiques et des routes maritimes circumterrestres est-ouest de marchandises, le détroit de Malacca est un axe majeur de la circulation maritime mondiale et une artère vitale du commerce intra régional. Il représente de ce fait un enjeu stratégique majeur pour les États riverains mais aussi pour la communauté internationale.
El legado de Turing en la lógica matemática y los fundamentos de las matemáticas
Authors: Bagaria Joan
Published: January 2014

Alan Turing es conocido sobre todo por sus contribuciones a las ciencias de la computación y a la criptografía, pero el impacto de su trabajo en la teoría general de las funciones computables (teoría de la recursión) y en los fundamentos de la matemática es de igual importancia. En este artículo damos una breve introducción a algunas de las ideas y problemas matemáticos surgidos de la obra de Turing en estas áreas, como el análisis de la estructura de los grados de Turing y el desarrollo de las lógicas ordinales.
El mito del zombi en la actualidad: desmembramiento sacrificial colectivo
Authors: Carcavilla Puey Lorenzo
Published: January 2014

El mito del zombi conservó durante varias décadas la misma estructura simbólica que la literatura y cinematografía acerca del uso perverso del magnetismo animal y la hipnosis, su genealogía. En el último tercio del siglo XX el mito sufre una profunda transformación que, no obstante, supone la continuación de su anterior sentido inconsciente. El análisis de los nuevos elementos arquetípicos que va a incorporar, estrechamente relacionados con un aspecto nuclear del espíritu del arte del siglo XX, nos va a permitir realizar una aproximación interpretativa a cierto entramado mítico y su proceso psicológico subyacente que atraviesa actualmente la psique colectiva: la muerte iniciática y la dinámica disolvente y desintegradora del alma, respectivamente. Nos basaremos para ello en el marco teórico de la psicología analítica y haremos uso del método histórico-comparativo.
Pulpectomy procedures in primary molar teeth
Authors: Ahmed Hany Mohamed Aly
Published: January 2014

Premature loss of primary molars can cause a number of undesirable consequences including loss of arch length, insufficient space for erupting premolars and mesial tipping of the permanent molars. Pulpectomy of primary molar teeth is considered as a reasonable treatment approach to ensure either normal shedding or a long-term survival in instances of retention. Despite being a more conservative treatment option than extraction, efficient pulpectomy of bizarre and tortuous root canals encased in roots programmed for physiologic resorption that show close proximity to developing permanent tooth buds presents a critical endodontic challenge. This article aims to provide an overview of this treatment approach, including partial and total pulpectomy, in primary molar teeth. In addition, the recommended guidelines that should be followed, and the current updates that have been developed, while commencing total pulpectomy in primary molars are discussed.