bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Antioxidant Characteristics of The Liquid Smoke of Cocoa Shell ( Theobroma cacao, l ) In Different Water Content Variations
Authors: Budaraga I Ketut , Susanti Eva , Asnurita Asnurita , Nurdin Elliza , Ramaiyulis Ramaiyulis
Published: October 2019

Agricultural and plantation wastes, especially cocoa plants, have not been widely used, although in some conditions they have potential as animal feed ingredients and raw materials for composting. So needs a  program potential utilization of waste produced by the plant cocoa is cocoa shell waste such as being liquid smoke. Liquid smoke is a natural food preservative. One of the advantages of liquid smoke is antioxidant compounds. This study aims to know the antioxidant activity of cocoa shell liquid smoke on a variety of different water content. This research is an experimental quantitative descriptive method so that an analysis of the antioxidant activity of liquid smoke from cocoa peel is obtained. The results showed that the liquid smoke of cocoa peels at a moisture content of 25%, 20%, 15%, and 10% had strong antioxidant activity because the IC 50 values obtained were below 50 ppm.
Lightweight Natural Fiber Composites
Authors: Sanjay Mavinker Rangappa , Siengchin Suchart
Published: October 2019

Editor's Corner
Isolation and Characterization of Endofytic Bacteria Indigenus Potentially Producing IAA (Indole Acetic Acid) in West Sumatera and Their Effect on Nursery Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis jacq)
Authors: Rover Rover , Mayerni Reni , Yanti Yulmira , Syarif Auzar
Published: October 2019

The IAA potentials of endophytic bacteria indigenous isolated from roots palm oil in west Sumatra. Isolate were characterized on the basis of visual observation, gram staining, hypersensitive reaction and IAA producing bacteria.  Subsequently, effect on plant growth was tested by nursery palm oil used random design block. Out of 82 isolates, base on gram test 12 isolates were gram negative and 70 isolates grams positive and then results on the reaction hypersensitive test (HR test) there are 8 isolates that positive which means the isolate cannot be applied on the soil and plant. Eighty isolates selected were able to produce IAA that was between ppm 0,30ppm - 3,65ppm. Seven isolates showed clearly the growth promoting plant under field condition. Hence, these isolates are promising plant growth promoting isolates showing multiple attributes that can significantly influence the nursery palm oil. The result of present study, treatment E3.1.2 has higher plant most of the other treatment i.e. 21,93 cm and number of leaves i.e. 4,33 leaves.
The Effect of Temperature and Roasting Duration on Physical Characteristics and Sensory Quality Of Singgalang Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica) Agam Regency
Authors: Fadri Rince Alfia , Sayuti Kesuma , Nazir Novizar , Suliansyah Irfan
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study were to determine the effect of temperature and roasting duration on physical characteristics  and quality of arabica coffee sensory,: find out the best temperature and roasting duration treatmen to physical characteristics and quality of arabica coffee sensory. This study used a factorial complete randomized design with two factors (200°C, 220°C and 240°C) and duration of roasting (12, 15, and 18 minutes). The variables observed in this study were rendemen (sucrose content of sugar cane crop or sample), water content, color value, acidity and sensory test of arabica coffee. The results showed that temperature and duration of roasting had effect on rendemen, water content, color value, acidity, flavor, taste and color of arabica coffee. The temperature of 220 ° C with 12 minutes of roasting is produceed the best physical characteristics and sensory quality of Singgalang arabica coffee, with 88.1% of rendemen, 1.23% of water content (bb), different color L (Lightness) 6,07, acidity 5.81, scent score 3.5), taste score value of 3.2, color score 3.6.
ІНФОРМАЦІЙНА ВЗАЄМОДІЯ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ З БАНКАМИ ЗГІДНО КОНЦЕПЦІЇ СОЦІАЛЬНИХ БАНКІВ
Authors: Cтолярчук Г. В. , Ланчинська В. М.
Published: October 2019

Formulation of the problem. Nowadays enterprises as clients need quality cooperation with banks to form objective information on their financial statements. In this connection, a prerequisite for effective cooperation between banks and enterprises is the development of an approach to the organization of information and economic exchange, based on the social banks concept. The purpose of the research was to develop methodical, scientific-practical recommendations for improve the process of monitoring information exchange between banks and enterprises to increase the accuracy of the analysis enterprises’ financial statements. The object of research. The article focuses on the bank’s information quality for complete financial reports of enterprise. Methods used in the research are a systematic approach, comparison, methods of induction and deduction. The hypothesis of the research is that the reliability of the financial statements of an enterprise depends on the quality of the organization of monitoring information exchange between the bank and the enterprise which based on the concept of social banks. The statement of basic materials. Now relevant is the Social Banks concept. According to experts, leading banks in the world are already responding to this trend and are developing as social banks, which encompass transparency and two-way interaction through social networks to meet customer expectations. Social Bank is pursuing interaction with clients in accordance with the mission, coordination of social efforts with its main business strategy and brand image. In this regard, a necessary condition for effective cooperation between banks and enterprises is the development of an approach to organizing the information and economic cooperation based on the social banks concept. Originality and practical significance of the research is to develop of an approach to organizing the information and economic cooperation based on the social banks concept. Conclusions and perspectives of further research. The research results confirm the feasibility of applying an approach to the organization of information exchange based on the social banks concept for the formation and monitoring of objective indicators of financial statements of enterprises. The prospect of further research will be the study of the role of audit firms in the interaction of enterprises and banks in the framework of the social banks concept.
ШЛЯХИ ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ ДЕРЖАВНИХ ЗАКУПІВЕЛЬ В РЕСПУБЛІЦІ УЗБЕКИСТАН
Authors: Асадулліна Н. Р.
Published: October 2019

Formulation of the problem. The article considers the quality issues of an important component of government spending – annual procurement. They are implemented for material and financial support of state infrastructure. The acquisition of goods, works and services in world development practice is important and is a continuous process aimed at the rational development of cash funds. In this regard, today there is an acute problem of increasing the efficiency of the public procurement system The purpose of the research is the definition of the main directions of public administration and administration in order to find ways to improve the efficiency of public procurement in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The object of research – the process of public administration in the country of state-owned objects, as well as ways to improve its efficiency. The methods used in the research – logical, comparative, analytical, scientific and methodological. The hypothesis of the research is the ways to improve the efficiency of public administration depend on the qualifications of management personnel and feedback from the local population. The statement of basic materials. The economic conversions which carried out in Uzbekistan have beck directed to dismantling of the institutes resisting to the market, and active formation of the new institutional struc-tures inherent in preferentially market public systems. Gradualness and sequence of the re-formatory steps excluding shock components for economy and population and providing a necessary social insurance of transformational risks are the feature of transformational model of Uzbekistan. The originality and practical significance of the research. The choice of model of public admin-istration in economy is inevitably connected by geopolitical priorities and ideas of the place of the country in the modern world. It means that exert impact on institutes of management and an assessment of management efficiency and political factors which are in turn subdivided on internal political are, first of all, support by the population of the idea of the state independence. Conclusions of the research. Further improvement of public admin-istration assumes improvement of legal base of administrative activity (from a position of in-terests of public servants), necessary guaran-tees and incentives, standardization of their activity as most complex, responsible and skilled work, and maximum informatization of administrative decisions. Such approach as-sumes formation of special legislation on pub-lic service, development of the quality stand-ards of state services, electronic forms of low-cost and transparent forms of interaction with economic entities and citizens.
ПРО ПРИРОДНИЙ ТА ШТУЧНИЙ ІНТЕЛЕКТ КІБЕРНЕТИЧНИХ СИСТЕМ
Authors: Доценко Серій Ілліч
Published: October 2019

It is proposed as part of the concept of the “cybernetic system” to distinguish the following components: - cybernetic systems impervious to information, as a control system; - cybernetic systems permeable to information: intelligent functional systems based on natural intelligence; Intelligent information systems based on artificial intelligence. From an analysis of the content of the concept of “artificial intelligence,” it follows that at present there is no unambiguous definition of the content of this concept. Almost all authors agree that artificial intelligence should be similar to human intelligence. From an analysis of the content of the concept of “natural intelligence,” it follows that its basis is the central regularity of the integrative activity of the brain. It is proposed to define thinking as the possibility of representing things in measure, and intelligence as the ability to implement the process of measuring things. The measure is the presentation of a thing in the form of a dialectical unity of concepts general (qualitative definition) – single (quantitative definition). It is shown that the main problem that has not been solved so far for artificial neural networks is the problem of the formation of a capable mathematical model of a natural neuron based on the central regularity of integrative brain activity. The second problem requiring its solution is the need to teach the artificial intelligence system to "measure" things, as well as their properties. Without mastering this ability, no artificial intelligence system can implement the actions that characterize the activity of the natural neural network. The third problem is the need to train the artificial intelligence system to remember the previous experience. Manipulating knowledge is possible only by applying the laws of natural intelligence. Therefore, to form the knowledge base, experts are involved as a source of knowledge and knowledge engineers, as specialists in the extraction of knowledge from experts. Moreover, between the concepts of “data” and “information”, as well as “information” and “knowledge”, there is a dialectical connection in the form of “single” – “general”. Intelligent information technology can be the basis for the implementation of cybernetic systems permeable to information: intelligent functional systems; intelligent information systems. The fundamental task that needs to be solved is the task of establishing the composition and content of the concept of “unit of knowledge”.
ІНФОРМАЦІЙНА ТЕХНОЛОГІЯ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ І ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ГАРАНТОЗДАТНОСТІ МЕДИЧНИХ ІоТ СИСТЕМ
Authors: Стрєлкіна Анастасія Андріївна
Published: October 2019

Healthcare systems operating in the Internet of things are becoming more widespread and their impact is predicted to only increase. However, new concepts and applications of the latest technologies carry some risks, including the failure of end-user devices, infrastructure, which in turn can lead to the worst outcome. In this regard, the problems of evaluation and assurance when using this technology are increasing. The object of research and analysis in this work is a medical system that operates on the Internet of Things. The purpose of this study is to describe and develop the structure and functional scheme of information technology (IT) dependability assessment and providing of healthcare systems based on the Internet of Things, which is based on models, methods and procedures for evaluation and assurance and formalized design methods that contain such stages of synthesis design decisions: model selection, method selection, problem solving and decision making. The process of the information technology creating consists of such steps as determining: the basic processes that occur when evaluating and ensuring the security of medical IoT systems; input data; source data; elements of mechanisms; controls. The developed structure of information technology consists of the following processes: formation of requirements for the warranty of medical IoT systems; identifying components of medical IoT systems that are susceptible to failure and cyberattack; determination of indicators of availability of medical IoT systems; definition of indicators of functionality of healthcare devices; selection of countermeasures to protect the healthcare IoT system against cyberattacks; case-oriented assessment of cybersecurity of healthcare IoT systems. As a result, this paper provides an IDEF0 diagram of the information technology of dependability assessment and providing healthcare systems based on the Internet of Things. The basic stages of the implementation of the developed information technology are also presented.
ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ОПТИМАЛЬНОГО МАРШРУТУ ОБЛЬОТУ ЗАДАНИХ ТОЧОК ТЕРИТОРІЇ ПОТЕНЦІЙНО НЕБЕЗПЕЧНОГО ОБ’ЄКТУ ФЛОТОМ БПЛА
Authors: Фесенко Герман Вікторович , Харченко Вячеслав Сергійович
Published: October 2019

Motivation. One of the tasks of nuclear power plants and other potentially dangerous objects monitoring employing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) is flying over specified points of the territory of such objects. Finding the optimum routes often involves different options for the traveling salesman problem solving. However, if there are multiple starting positions, there is a need to solve the traveling salesman problem for each variant of the UAV start (for each variant of the start-end point of the route). The subject matter of the paper is the process of minimizing the flight time of visiting the specified points of the potentially dangerous object territory, taking into account the locations and models of the UAV fleet. The tasks to be solved are: to develop an algorithm for determining the optimal route for flight over of the given points of the potentially dangerous object territory for the fleet, each UAV of which is at its separate starting position; to show the possibility of using the proposed algorithm to minimize the flight time for visiting all of the appointed control posts of the automated radiation situation monitoring system for Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant. The methods used are: graph theory, mathematical optimization models, methods for solving the traveling salesman problem. The following results were obtained. The faceted classification of the traveling salesman problem for UAV flight routing is offered. The steps of the algorithm for determining the optimal route of flight over of the specified points of the potentially dangerous object territory by the UAV fleet are described. The problem of determining the fastest flight over of 11 control posts of the automated radiation monitoring system for Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant is solved for two cases: 1) UAV "Leleka-100" are at all starting positions, 2) UAV "Leleka-100" is at the first starting position, various modifications of the model "R-100" are at the rest starting position. Changes in the optimal route when changing UAV models and speeds are shown. Conclusions. The results obtained should be used to justify the composition of the UAV fleet, simulate its application, evaluate its target effectiveness, as well as to create algorithmic support and software for ground control station operators’ work places. Further research should focus on developing models that take into account the possibility of refueling UAVs or recharging their batteries at stationary or moving posts while being on a route.
简析水文信息化技术在防汛工作中的应用
Authors: 刘 峰艺
Published: October 2019

水文信息技术是指利用现代信息技术,包括信息技术,通信技术,网络技术和微电子技术,实现智能化和网络化的水文数据采集,传输,存储,处理和服务。良好开发利用水资源信息资源,提高防洪效果,保证防洪活动的有效性和合理性。本文主要介绍了水文信息技术的运行原理及其在洪水管理中的应用价值,并简要分析了水文信息技术在洪水管理中的应用。
黄河水利工程管理与养护
Authors: 刘 俊平
Published: October 2019

在近几年的发展中,我国的的黄河水利工程取得显著的进步,随着水利工程规模的不断扩大,水利工程的施工工艺也发生较大的变化,在原有的基础之上实现改进与创新。基于这种情况下,该行业的发展对黄河水利工程提出更高的需求,使得相应的管理和养护工作更难展开。本文先对黄河水利工程管理与养护的重要性作出简析,同时又分析黄河水域的特点,昀后提出相应的管理和养护建议,以供参考。
NCS系统改造调试过程问题分析
Authors: 陈 祎茗
Published: October 2019

本文对国电蚌埠公司500KV网络监控系统(NCS)后台改造进行整体介绍,包含监控范围、技术参数、装置布置等,同时对系统调试过程进行简要描述并就调试过程中遇到的问题进行分析,为今后同类系统调试维修提供参考。
论水利工程建设中施工管理要点与发展建议
Authors: 李 旭杭 , 陈 洁毅
Published: October 2019

随着经济的发展和进步,水利工程的质量得到了各界的广泛关注。如何有效构建完善的控制机制和管理措施,要求有关部门根据水利工程的发展现状,提出更有效的解决方案和解决方案。本文介绍了水利工程施工管理的内容,分析了水利工程施工管理中存在的主要问题,并提出了加强水利工程管理的建议。
水文水资源管理对防洪减灾的意义
Authors: 薛 俊爱
Published: October 2019

水文水资源不仅对水利发展及农业进步有着直接影响,对防洪减灾能力的提升也有着重要作用。文章从水文水资源管理的意义开始谈起,并结合水文水资源管理现状,提出合理的管理及防洪减灾措施,以促进水利工程的正常运转,推动水利行业的进一步发展。
渠灌区管道输水灌溉技术发展模式探讨
Authors: 刘 建海
Published: October 2019

本文介绍了管道输水灌溉发展简况,提出了渠灌区管道输水灌溉系统结构组成、形式和渠灌区发展管灌的建议。研究成果为管道灌溉技术的研究提供参考。
Migración e inclusión: Retos en el sistema educativo ecuatoriano
Authors: Panizo Toapanta Alex German
Published: October 2019

Históricamente, el Ecuador ha transitado por dos momentos en la inclusión educativa, el reconocimiento a la diversidad cultural y de personas con necesidades educativas especiales, hecho que se estipula en el artículo 47 de la Ley Orgánica de Educación Intercultural. La diversidad del ser humano es parte esencial de la interculturalidad, que se expresa también en su espiritualidad, cultura, lengua o nacionalidad. Se advierte, entonces, que la diversidad puede ser asumida desde otros sujetos, el migrante, por ejemplo. En el contexto latinoamericano, el desplazamiento forzado de mayor magnitud tiene como origen Venezuela. De acuerdo con las Naciones Unidas, entre los años 2014 y 2017, más de 2,3 millones de venezolanos dejaron su país. Frente a esta realidad, el incremento de niños, niñas y adolescentes migrantes en el sistema educativo ecuatoriano es innegable. En este escenario, la población migrante y las sociedades receptoras, en este caso la ecuatoriana, atraviesan por un desafío: la inclusión.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN ALKANOLAMIDA TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK PEMATANGAN DAN KEKERASAN VULKANISAT KARET ALAM BERPENGISI SILIKA
Authors: Harry Laksana Tampubolon  , Darwis Syarifuddin Hutapea  , Indra Surya
Published: October 2019

By using a semi-efficient sulfur accelerated vulcanization system, a research about the effect of  the alcanolamide on cure characteristics and hardnes propertiess of natural rubber filled silika and alkanolamide been done. Alcanolamide produced from palm oil derivatives reacted with dietanolamine. Alcanolamide aaded  into  rubber  with levels 1.0, 3.0; 5.0; 7.0; 9.0; phr. It was found that  alcanolamide gave shorter  Scorch time and cure time. Alkanolamide also exhibited higher torque different, tensile moduli, tensile strength, and crosslink density up to  5.0 phr and ten decrease with future increaseing addition of alcanolamide.
PENENTUAN EFISIENSI INHIBISI KOROSI BAJA MENGGUNAKAN EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH KAKAO (Theobroma cacao)
Authors: Sri Hermawan  , Yuli Rizky Ananda Nasution  , Rosdanelli Hasibuan
Published: October 2019

Cocoa peel extract is a natural inhibitor that can be used to inhibit the corrosion reaction rate. This research begins by extracting cocoa pods by maceration followed by evaporation on rotary vacuum evaporator and extracts used as the inhibitor with concentration 600, 800 and 1000 ppm, using steel 1 × 2 cm and  the thickness is 0,1 cm to determine the corrosion rate and corrosive medias are sea water, rainwater and sulfuric acid 1 M . The highest inhibition efficiency generated is 93,06% with concentration of 600 ppm inhibitor in rainwater corrosive media; which means that cocoa peel extract more efficiently used in rainwater corrosive media.
PENGARUH SUHU DAN KECEPATAN PENGADUKAN PADA PROSES PEMBUATAN SURFAKTAN NATRIUM LIGNOSULFONAT DARI TEMPURUNG KELAPA
Authors: Jhon Peri Rinaldo Sirait  , Nico Sihombing  , Zuhrina Masyithah
Published: October 2019

Coconut shell is one of agricultural wastes that having low commercial value. This research is objected to use coconut shell as the base material of producing surfactant. The use of coconut shell is basically due to its content of lignin, about 29,4%. The objective of this research is to obtain isolate lignin with increasing chatalis NaOH and H2SO4 with lignin identification, the effect of temperature and agitation rate of producing surfactant. The research was done in a reactor with temperature of 100 0C, 110 0C, 120 0C, 3 hours reaction time, pH 6, 80 rpm, 90 rpm, 100 rpm agitation rate, and coconut shell as the base material. Dry coconut shell is grinded and the powder is collected to be reacted. The coconut shell powder is reacted with sodium bisulfite solution with variation in ratio of 1:0,5.  The product is filtered to get filtrate and residue. The filtrate is further analyzed by using the FT-IR spectrophotometry method. From the research we get maximum purity of surfactant at sodium bisulfite with reactant ratio of 1:0,5;  Speed 100 rpm and temperature 120 0C.
PEMURNIAN CRUDE GLYCERINE MELALUI PROSES BLEACHING DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KARBON AKTIF
Authors: M. Afif Aufari  , Sia Robianto  , Renita Manurung
Published: October 2019

Crude glycerine is a concentrated liquid that with the glycerin content less than 88%. Crude glycerine has the dye produced by caroten. Caroten or usually called reddish yellow colour pigments cause the palm oil colour to be reddish yellow. Caroten is soluble in oil and fat but not in the water. Colours has a low quality and did not preferred by consumer and must be eliminated. This compound can be eliminated by a absorption process using activated carbon. The using of crude glycerine will further produce the product drugs and cosmetics industries. This research is conducted to study absorbtion of activated carbon to the crude glycerine impurities that causes the raddish yellow colour. This research do by using mesh, weight, and time of stirring with different variated.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH BATANG JAGUNG SEBAGAI ADSORBEN ALTERNATIF PADA PENGURANGAN KADAR KLORIN DALAM AIR OLAHAN (TREATED WATER)
Authors: Fatimah Rahmayani  , Siswarni MZ
Published: October 2019

Various result of agricultural waste that contain high cellulose can be used as an alternative adsorbent. One of them was derived from dried corn stalks which traditionally burnt after harvest that lead to environmental pollution. It is necessary to produce the value-added materials from corn stalks waste as an alternative adsorbent to reduce the level of chlorine in treated water. This process was performed by using various level of sulfuric acid concentration 1%, 3% and 5%, particles size 50 and 70 mesh in 105 oC with adsorbtion time 30, 60 and 90 minutes. The most favorable activation result was obtained at 5% concentration, with particle size 70 mesh, adsorbtion time 90 minutes and the iodine value was 482 mg/l with level of adsorbed chlorine was 96,08%. Based on this findings, we concluded that the corn stalks waste can be used as an alternative adsorbent in reducing the level of chlorine in treated water.
PENGARUH KOMPOSISI CAMPURAN LIMBAH PADAT DAN CAIR INDUSTRI TAPIOKA TERHADAP PERSENTASE PENYISIHAN TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLID (TSS) DENGAN STARTER KOTORAN SAPI
Authors: Syervy Tanata  , Mimi Richell Gunawan  , Setiaty Pandia
Published: October 2019

The waste from tapioca industry is classified as an organic waste that contains many important compounds such as carbohydrate, protein and glucose. The research is aimed to know the quality of biogas from cassava pulp combined with waste water from the cassava starch industry using batch anaerobic digester system. The research began by mixing the solid and liquid wastes from tapioca industry at ratio 70:30; 60:40; 50:50; 40:60; and 30:70 (w/w) with starter from solid waste of cattle in a batch anaerobic digester. From this research, the optimum percentage reduction of Total Suspended Solid (TSS) was 76,2289% at ratio of solid and liquid waste was 70:30 (w/w).
DAYA SERAP AIR DAN KANDUNGAN SERAT (FIBER CONTENT) KOMPOSIT POLIESTER TIDAK JENUH (UNSATURATED POLYESTER) BERPENGISI SERAT TANDAN KOSONG SAWIT DAN SELULOSA
Authors: Michael  , Elmer Surya  , Halimatuddahliana
Published: October 2019

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of empty fruit bunch palm oil and cellulose content as filler in water absorption and fibre volume fraction of the unsaturated polyester composites. The composites were made by hand-lay up method by mixing unsaturated polyester with the composition of each fillers (empty fruit bunch palm oil and cellulose) of 5,10,15,20 wt%. The parameter which was carried on the prepared samples was water absorption for each sample every 24 hours until the composites have constant absorption. It was found that the addition of fillers to the matrix caused the water absorption of composites increased at each of composition of fillers (empty fruit bunch palm oil and cellulose) and the fibre volume fraction increased as the filler content increase.
DEKOMPOSISI AIR-METANOL MENJADI HIDROGEN PADA SEMIKONDUKTOR NATRIUM TANTALUM OKSIDA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN LANTANUM SEBAGAI DOPING
Authors: Husni Husin  , Komala Pontas  , Hesti Meilina  , Fikri Hasfita
Published: October 2019

Synthesis of semiconductor photocatalysts lanthanum-doped sodium tantalum oxide (La-NaTaO3) and its performance on water-methanol decomposition has been carried out. This research aimed is to examine the effect of methanol as an electron donor in the reaction to photocatalytic of hydrogen production. The samples are characterized by x-ray diffractometer (XRD) to determine its composition. The results indicate that the products are composed of NaTaO3 and Ta2O5. The reaction is conducted by irradiating of water-methanol of 400 ml and 1 g of photocatalyst in Pyrex glass reactor for 4 h at a temperature of 30 oC.The methanol solution is poured into the reactor of 5, 10, and 15 vol.%.  For comparison, in this reaction is also used only pure water. The results depict that the rate of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from pure water as much as  0.3(mmol / g.h). Hydrogen generation rate increased significantly when the methanol are added of 5%, 10%, and 15%, ie. 2.68, 4.79 and 8.72 ,(mmol / g.h),  respectively. This has been attributed to the effect of added methanol, which acts as sacrificial electron donor and consumes photogenerated holes and/or oxygen, thereby decreasing the rates of electron-hole recombination. Reaction mechanism in semiconductor particles of NaTaO3 is also reported.
MODEL PRODUKSI BIOETANOL DARI LIMBAH KEJU MENGGUNAKAN KLUYVEROMYCES MARXIANUS
Authors: Rudy Agustriyanto  , Akbarningrum Fatmawati
Published: October 2019

The depletion of oil reserves hasbeen increasing interest in the development of alternative renewable energysources. Cheese whey as a waste of cheese production is one of the raw materials that can be used for bioethanol production. The aim ofthis study is to conduct critical assessment of the cheese whey fermentation process by applying the basic concepts of engineering and mathematics, to investigate the characteristics of the cheese whey fermentation process into bioethanol, and to obtain the optimum design of fermenter. This is done by developing steady state model of cheese whey fermentation system into ethanol based on kinetic data from previous research and using mass balance principle.The model was then used to simulate the continuous fermentation of cheese whey for ethanol production. At steady state conditions, the fermentation process of cheese whey into bioethanol is affected by the hydraulic retention time (R). At steady state conditions, the optimum value of R obtained is 25 hours based onhigh ethanol productivity. The results of this study will be useful in the design process and control of cheese whey fermentation reactions into ethanol.The utilization of waste from cheese production (cheese whey) that contain sugars which can be fermented will provide added value to the waste while providing an alternative source of renewable energy that is needed due to energy crisis.
PENGOLAHAN EFFLUENT FERMENTOR BIOGAS SECARA AEROBIK MENGGUNAKAN REAKTOR ALIR TANGKI BERPENGADUK
Authors: Yohannes Tandean  , Michael Vincent  , Irvan, Bambang Trisakti
Published: October 2019

Palm oil production in Indonesia is estimated around 28 million tonnes per annum. As this number increases, the waste generated from the process which generally called as palm oil mill effluent (POME)  increases as well. In Indonesia, POME treatment is being carried out conventionally by using facultative ponds system, which is high in operational cost, uses up a vast amount of land and generates greenhouse gas, Methane (CH4) as product which is usually burnt away. From previous researches done, POME has been treated anaerobically to produce biogas, but the effluent from these processes have not yet met the standard quality control required to be released to the environment. Which is why it still needs to be treated aerobically to fulfill the standar quality control so as to be released to the environment. From the research done by using continuous stirred tank reaktor and adding effective microorganism (EM4), the final VSS value reached was around 100 mg/L with 10 days HRT.
PENGOMPOSAN SEKAM PADI MENGGUNAKAN SLURRY DARI FERMENTASI LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT
Authors: Irvan  , Bambang Trisakti  , Cut Novaliani Hasbi  , Elwina Widiarti
Published: October 2019

Rice husk is material waste that is usually just burned. However, this practice is causing air pollution problems. One effort to help overcome the problem of agricultural waste is recycling technique with an emphasis on the process of composting. Many efforts can be made ​​to speed the composting process. The treatment was performed by the addition of slurry at the beginning of  composting process with the addition of as much as 1, 2,and 3 liters and the addition of slurry during composting process by adding 0,5;1; and 1,5liters of slurry every 3 days once. At each treatment was added 1 kg of fine compost. The condition which almost meets quality compost by SNI 19-7030-2004 and most precocious and decomposesis the compost with the addition of as much as 1, 5 liters every 3 days where the temperature is 32,8 oC obtained, the water level is 35,1,99 %, the ratio of C / N is 7.58 and pH is 9,59. This thing indicates that the slurry from biogas fermentor can accelerate the maturity of compost making so that it is more easily broken down or decomposed.
KARAKTERISTIK FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRA RED DAN KEKUATAN BENTUR KOMPOSIT POLIESTER TAK JENUH BERPENGISI ABU SEKAM PADI PUTIH
Authors: Caroline Oktaviana Hutagalung  , Maulida
Published: October 2019

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of white rice husk ash as filler in Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) caractheristic and impact strength of polyester composites. The composites were made with open mixing method by mixing unsaturated polyester with white rice husk ash with the composition of each fillers of 5,10, 15, and 20 % (w/w) then added with 1% methyl ethyl ketone peroxide as catalizer. The parameters which was carried on the prepared samples was characteristic of FTIR and impact strength. It was found that impact strength increased at each of composition of fillers white rice husk ash (WRHA). The optimum value of unsaturated polyester composite filled WRHA are 7031 J/m2 and 8297,333 J/m2 for particle size maximum 100 and 250 mesh.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN GLISEROLTERHADAP SIFAT KEKUATAN TARIK DAN PEMANJANGAN SAAT PUTUS BIOPLASTIK DARI PATI UMBI TALAS
Authors: Rinaldi Febrianto Sinaga  , Gita Minawarisa Ginting  , M. Hendra S Ginting  , Rosdanelli Hasibuan
Published: October 2019

Bioplastics are a type of plastic made ​​from renewable biomass sources, such as vegetable oil, corn starch, pea starch, and microbiota. Starch from tubers of talas (Colocasia esculenta) as a  potential raw material for bioplastics by using glycerol as plastizicer. The purposes of the research are to know effect of adding glycerol to the properties of tensile strength and elongation at break bioplastic from starch taro tubers. In this research, the manufacture of bioplastics using casting methode with variations of starch solution (0,2 w/v, 0,3 w/v, and 0,4 w/v). The next additions to vary the volume of glycerol (1 % v, 2 % v, and 3 % v) and heating temperature  of gelatin formation (60oC, 70oC, and 80oC). The results showed that bioplastics made ​​from taro tuber starch has gelatinization temperature of 70oC. The addition of glycerol volume effect value of tensile strength and elongation at break of bioplastics. Increasing volume of glycerol will decrease tensile strength but increase elongation at break value. The best of bioplastics in this research is a variation of starch bioplastic 0,3 w/v, addition of 1 % v glycerol at a temperature of 70°C with a value of tensile strength is 18,4992 MPa and elongation at break value is 2,1290%.
PENGARUH UKURAN PARTIKEL DAN KOMPOSISI TERHADAP SIFAT KEKUATAN BENTUR KOMPOSIT EPOKSI BERPENGISI SERAT DAUN NANAS
Authors: Syahrinal Anggi Daulay  , Fachry Wirathama  , Halimatuddahliana
Published: October 2019

This research was aimed to investigate the effect of pineapple leafs particle size and pineapple leaf fiber composition of the impact strength of epoxy composites filled with pineapple leaf fibers. The composites were made by hand lay up method by mixing epoxy and pineapple leaf fiber with particle size variation of 30 mesh, 40 mesh, 70 mesh, 100 mesh, and volume fraction ratio between filler and matrix 5/95, 10/90, 15/85 (v/v). Mechanical properties wich tested was impact strength and  supported with SEM analysis. The results obtained show that the addition pineapple leaf fiber as filler in epoxy composites generally increase the impact strength of the composites, with best performance shown by 100 mesh particle size variation with ratio 90/10 (v/v) which from SEM analysis show that this variation having better filler distribution.
ANALISIS LAJU ALIR SAMPAH DAN EMISI CARBON YANG DIHASILKAN KOTA BANDA ACEH
Authors: M. Faisal
Published: October 2019

This research aims to analyze the material flow of solid waste of  Banda Aceh city by using Material Flow Analysis (MFA) method. The domestic wastes used in this research are limited to organic waste, plastic and paper.  Results show that the solid wastes in Banda Aceh city do not treated well and thus required further treatment process. Wastes are separated at the kampong Jawa waste treatment process. Leaves waste are treated for compost, while no treatment process for plastic and paper wastes. The percentage of organic wastes, paper and plastic produced from Banda Aceh city were 89,1 %; 2,5 %; 0,74 %, respectively. Total amount of waste in the city of Banda Aceh is 86057,64 t/month producing carbon emission of 83726,6 t/month.
PENGARUH JUMLAH KATALIS ABU CANGKANG TELUR AYAM DAN WAKTU REAKSI GLISEROLISIS PADA PEMBUATAN MONO DAN DIASILGLISEROL (MDAG) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN CO-SOLVENT TERT-BUTANOL
Authors: Margareth Nainggolan  , Retno Dian Purba  , Mhd. Yusuf Ritonga
Published: October 2019

Mono and diacylglycerol is one of oil  diversification products that its economics value is higher and its market prospect is brighter in this globalization era. The purpose of this research is to produce  mono and diacylglycerol from Refined, Bleached, Deodorized Palm Oil by using waste egg shell as catalyst. Waste egg shell was calcined at temperatur 70oC and time 2 hours to forming active CaO as catalyst. Then the process continued with glycerolysis process. Glycerolysis process produced mono and diacylglyserol. Then mono and diacylglycerol was separated by using separator fannel. Then the upper layer was vaporated to separate mono and diacylglycerol from tert-butanol. Effect of various varible process such as amount of catalyst and glycerolysis time was observed in this research. The best result was at temperature 70oC, co-solvent and oil rasio 3:1 (v/b), reaction time 2 hours, and catalyst amount 4% from oil with maksimum purity 68,61%. Mono and diacylglycerol formed in this reasearh is w/o emulsifier with HLB 5,19. The result of this research showed that waste egg shell is suitable to be used as the source of cheap catalyst to produce mono and diacylglycerol.
PENGARUH KOMPOSISI DAN UKURAN SERBUK KULIT KERANG DARAH (ANADORA GRANOSA) TERHADAP KEKUATAN TARIK DAN KEKUATAN BENTUR DARI KOMPOSIT EPOKSI-PSSERBUK KULIT KERANG DARAH
Authors: Addriyanus  , Tommy  , Halimatuddahliana
Published: October 2019

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of filler content and particle size of cockle-shell powder in tensile strength and impact strength of epoxy-PS composite. Epoxy resin was used as matrix, polyaminoamide as hardener, cockle-shell powder as reinforcement, polystyrene as toughening agent and chloroform as solvent. Filler content was varied from 10-50% and the macro particle was varied from 50-260 mesh. The composite was prepared by using compression moulding, then tensile test and flexural test were done. The results showed that addition of cockle-shell powder improved both tensile strength and impact strength of the composite. Addition of 30% (wt) reinforcement with 200 mesh particle size had given maximum tensile strength of 5,50 MPa and maximum impact strength of 30044,3 J/m2.
APLIKASI ELEKTROKOAGULASI DALAM PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT
Authors: Farida Hanum  , Rondang Tambun  , M. Yusuf Ritonga  , William Wardhana Kasim
Published: October 2019

The production of crude palm oil (CPO) in Indonesia is keep increasing that make the amount of wastewater generated. Technology of anaerobic fixed bed (RANUT) have been developed, but the characteristic of the wastewater effluent of RANUT has not meet the quality standard that required by the goverment especially for COD. Because of that need to make a furhter research about the treatment of palm oil mill from the fixed bed reactor (RANUT) with electrocoagulation technique. Electrocoagulation is a process of coagulation by using a direct current through an electrochemical events are symptoms of electrolyte decomposition. This study aims to determine the effect of voltage on the adapter parameters on the performance of the electrocoagulation system and determine the best time for treatment of palm oil mill effluent. Type of electrode material used is aluminum, waste retention time 1 hour, 5 cm distance between the electrodes, a strong current of 5 amperes, voltage variations adapter 3, 4, and 5 volts. The results showed that the best results are obtained at a voltage of 5 volts for COD removal 81.32% with a value 233.5 mg/l at 180 minutes of processing time, it indicates that the processed waste has met quality standards for mill effluent COD is 350 mg/l. The highest turbidity removal percentage is obtained at a voltage of 5 volts and at a time of 180 minutes with the acquisition of 95.08%.
KRISTALISASI LIKOPEN DARI BUAH TOMAT (Lycopersicon esculentum) MENGGUNAKAN ANTISOLVENT
Authors: Deviana Christianty  , Sola Fide Gavra  , Zuhrina Masyithah
Published: October 2019

Studies on the utilization of lycopene had been conducted to determine the effect of comparison feed and solvent (F/S) and the addition of methanol for extraction of lycopene from tomatoes using mixture solvent of hexane:ethyl acetate (1:1) followed by crystallization antisolvent. In this research,  ripe tomatoes juice was used with volume 150 ml. Lycopene extract was obtained through extraction method at  temperature of 70 °C and the stirring speed 7 rpm. The other method was by the addition of methanol as antisolvent for crystallization. As for changing variable in this study were a comparison of  feed and  solvent (F/S)  1:2; 1:2.5; 1:3; 1:3.5; 1:4 and 1:4,5, and the volume of methanol as antisolvent were 50 ml, 100 ml, 150 ml and 200 ml. The results of this research about influence of feed and solvent to lycopene yield extracted obtained at the optimum condition 1:4 with a volume of 200 ml antisolvent. Whereas the influence about addition of methanol as antisolvent as an agent of precipitation and maximum condition occurs on volume of 200 ml. Wavelength analysis of C=C linkage with Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) detected at wavenumber 1519,91 cm-1, CH2 linkage detected at wavenumber 1446,61 cm-1, R-CH=CH-R linkage detected at wavenumber 979,84    cm-1. While, C-C and C-CH linkage detected at wavenumber 1138 and 1373,32 cm-1.
PEMANFAATAN FLAVONOID EKSTRAK DAUN KATUK (Sauropus androgynus (L) Merr) SEBAGAI ANTIOKSIDAN PADA MINYAK KELAPA
Authors: Indah Cikita  , Ika Herawati Hasibuan  , Rosdanelli Hasibuan
Published: October 2019

In this research, the katuk leaves (Sauropus androgynus (L) Merr) extracted for get flavonoid which used as antioxidant for the coconut oil. This research aims to determine the effect of the extraction time, the volume of the solvent, and the type of solvent for the yield and total flavonoid concentration of the katuk leaves extract and then to determine the effect of total flavonoid concentration and contact time the flavonoid of katuk leaves extract as antioxidants in coconut oil. The process used is extraction of katuk leaves used the solvent such as ethanol, n-heksana and etil asetat then extract will be analysed the yield and total flavonoid concentration of the katuk leaves extract. Then extract with the  total flavonoid concentration 6,668%, 7,748% and 27,909% was used as a sample and contacted in the coconut oil with the contact time of  2, 4 and 6 days. Then, analysis is done of the coconut oil is the acid number, the iodine number and the peroxide number. The result obtained in this research is the best extraction time of 6 hours with solvent volume of 1250 ml with the best type of solvent is ethanol, the yield of extract is 0,243% and total flavonoid concentration is 27,909%. The total flavonoid concentration increasing cause a decrease the acid number, the iodine number increase and decrease the peroxide number which proved that katuk leaves extract can be used as antioxidants in the coconut oil with the best result is the total flavonoid concentration in 27,909% where the acid number is 0,962 mg KOH/g, the iodine number is 38,705 g I2/100 g and the peroxide number is 13,333 Meq/kg. The contact time of flavonoid in the coconut oil which increasing cause oil properties is getting worse but the results are better than the oil without the addition of extract.
PEMBAKARAN PREMIKS UAP MINYAK KELAPA DALAM HELE-SHAW CELL
Authors: Hadi Saroso
Published: October 2019

Coconut oil combustion characteristic is observed experimentally by evaporating oil in the boiler then mix it with air before being burned at various equivalence ratios in the Hele-shaw cell. The result shows that, coconut oil tends to break into glycerol and fatty acid due to hydrolysis reaction producing the flame propagation, where the fatty acid flame propagates first then glycerol flame. Micro-explosion occurs when moisture from fatty acid combustion is absorbed by glycerol, and higher heating due to higher flame speed produces more micro-explosion.
PENGARUH AGING PADA KEKUATAN TARIK (TENSILE STRENGTH) FILM LATEKS KARET ALAM BERPENGISI NANOKRISTALIN SELULOSA DAN PENYERASI ALKANOLAMIDA
Authors: Marfuah Lubis  , Nuim Hayat  , Hamidah Harahap
Published: October 2019

Nanocrystalline cellulose is nano sized filler with high crystallinity and obtanained by hydrolysis of alpha cellulose from sugarcane bagasse. Tensile test of natural rubber latex film filled nanocrystalline cellulose and alkanolamide as compatibilizer after aging treatment have been done. Natural rubber latex films were prepared by coagulant dipping method and followed by vulcanization process at temperature 100 oC and 20 minutes. Aging treatment of natural rubber latex films have done at temperature 70 oC for 24 hours. Tensile test result of natural rubber latex filled nanocrystalline cellulose showed the tensile strength value of aged natural rubber latex film were lower than unaged one. However, tensile strength value of aged natural rubber latex film filled nanocrystalline cellulose modified alkanolamide were higher than unaged film.
PENGARUH BAHAN PENGISI SILIKA DAN SERBUK TANDAN KOSONG SAWIT (STKS) TERMODIFIKASI TERHADAP KEKUATAN BENTUR DAN DAYA SERAP AIR KOMPOSIT HIBRID POLIESTER TIDAK JENUH
Authors: Halimatuddahliana  , Johan Evander Sirait  , Fermadi Sirait
Published: October 2019

This research aims to determine the effect of palm oil empty fruit bunches (POEFB) powder and silica into the matrix of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and the influence of chemical modification OPEFB with using acetic acid 50% (v / v). In this study, (UPR) was mixed with silica and OPEFB to weight ratio (UPR: Silica: OPEFB) 80: 20: 0, 80: 15: 5, 80: 10: 10, 80: 5: 15, 80: 0: 20 by hand lay-up method. Analysis was done by impact test, and analysis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that impact strength at a ratio of 80: 5: 15 was higher than those without modification viz. 3622.5 J / m2. In this case the chemical modification has lowered OPEFB polarity so that the interfacial tencion between the filler with a matrix became low resulting in good interfacial interaction and adhesion between matrix and fille. Impact strength values ​​were supported by the results of SEM. From water adsorption test, composite with chemical modification showed low values as compared without modification indicating that modification has lowered the polarity of OPEFB.
EKSTRAKSI ACETOGENIN DARI DAUN DAN BIJI SIRSAK (Annona muricata L) DENGAN PELARUT ASETON
Authors: Siswarni MZ  , Nurhayani  , Suci Damayanti Sinaga
Published: October 2019

Annona muricata L contain bioactive compounds acetogenins. Acetogenins which was synthesized through reaction between polyketide derived-acetic acid with 35-39 carbon atom in fatty acid, is the secondary metabolite of Annonaceae plant. This research aims to determine the variable that influence in leaf and Annona muricata seed extraction so that high yield value can be obtained and to prove the presence of acetogenins compound qualitatively. The materials used are Annona muricata leaves, Annona muricata seeds and aceton. The changing variables in this research is the mass of the samples for Annona muricata leaves powder that are 15 g, 25 g, 35 g and Annona muricata seeds powder that are 10 g, 20 g, 30 g which the extraction time are 30 minutes, 40 minutes, 50 minutes and 60 minutes. This research divided into two steps. The first step is the extraction of Annona muricata leaves and Annona muricata seeds using soxhletation method with 250 mL acetone for Annona muricata leaves, 200 mL aceton for Annona muricata seeds and extraction temperature is ± 58 oC. The second step is purification of the extract using distillation process. In this research, the highest yield value extract of Annona muricata leaves obtained is 55,33% with 15g mass of sample and 60 minutes for the extraction time. The highest yield value extract of Annona muricata seeds obtained is 62 % with 10 g mass of sample and 40 minutes for the extraction time. FTIR analysis showed the presence of functional groups such as lactone, THF, hyrdroxyl and aliphatic chains which indicates acetogenins compound’s presence.