bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sócrates por Xenofonte: a filosofia em ação para a construção de um homem integralmente forte e senhor de si mesmo
Authors: Dinucci Aldo Lopes
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
Xenophon´s Socrates, by making a distinction between things that are under our control and things that are not, decides that thought should occupies itself only with human things, in order that the individual can achieve a degree of freedom that allows him to be a good friend, an exemplar warrior and politician, so that his soul can become good, beautiful and noble through self-knowledge.

KEYWORDS: ethics; Xenophon; socratism; classical philosophy.
A postulação do ser e a recusa do poder ilimitado do discurso na primeira parte do Górgias de Platão
Authors: Mafra Janaína Silveira
Published: June 2015

RÉSUMÉ

À partir du Gorgias de Platon, nous montrons que l'objet de la réfutation socratique est le discours, soit-il le produit des croyances de l'interlocuteur ou non, mais que le but de Socrate est principalement de conduire l’énonciateur refuté à se disposer effectivement à connaître quelque chose et à parler ou agir selon les déterminations de cette nouvelle connaissance.
 MOTS-CLÉS: élenkhos; réfutation; discours; connaissance; réalisation.
O universo do grotesco e do monstruoso retratado no Ciclope de Eurípides e na Centauromaquia de Ovídio
Authors: Paiva Roberta Kelly
Published: June 2015

Mikhail Bakhtin1 disait déjà à propos du corps grotesque: “[corps] monstrueux, horrible et déformé. C’est un corps qui n’a pas de place dans ‘l’esthétique du beau’”. Celle-ci est une des manières par lesquelles on peut comprendre cette autre esthétique connue comme celle du “grotesque”, c’est-à-dire sous la perspective de la monstruosité. Et c’est exactement ce que nous proposons dans cet article: offrir un regard sur le grotesque et le monstrueux comme des domaines passibles d’être conçus sous une même et seule logique. Dans ce but, nous attirons l’attention sur quelques entités rustiques de la mythologie dont la représentation sera centrée sur deux oeuvres littéraires d’origine grecque et latine respectivement: le Cyclope d’Euripide et l’épisode de la “Centauromaquie” telle comme il est raconté dans lês Métamorphoses d’Ovide.
Tradição francesa do Livro de Isaac (cod. lat. 14891 da B.N.F.): Aspectos históricos
Authors: Melo Teresa Cristina Alves de
Published: June 2015

Dans cet article, nous présentons quelques aspects historiques du manuscrit médieval du Livre d’Isaac (cod. lat. 14891 de la B.N.F.), dont l’édition paléographique et lexique est menée dans notre recherche doctoralle au “Pós-Lin” de la Faculdade de Letras de l’UFMG. Nous présentons, aussi, l’édition interpretative du premier chapitre du Livre d’Isaac. Le manuscrit est une traduction en français médiéval, probablement faite à partir d’une version latine du texte d’Isaac le Syrien. Ce texte a eu grande circulation au Moyen Âge, en raison de son importance comme texte fondamental pour l’orientation des moines.
Laertes e o mundo do trabalho na Odisseia
Authors: Duarte Adriane Da Silva
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT: Odysseus establishes several alliances to fight Penelope’s suitors in order to reassume his place at Ithaca. These alliances are marked by work. Humble workers (like Eumaeus, Philoetius, Eurycleia) stand side by side the hero’s wife, Penelope, the weaver. All this activity contrasts with the suitors’ idleness, constantly consuming the products of other people’s work. One of the last recognition scenes of the poem, in which the hero is recognized by his father, Laertes (Od., XXIV 205-360), reaffirms work’s special place at Odysseus’ relationships and strategies. This paper intends to examine this scene and discuss its meaning to the major context of the Odyssey.
KEYWORDS: Homer; Odyssey; Laertes; work; recognition scenes.
Monstros e monstruosidades em As traquínias de Sófocles
Authors: Dutra Luiza Monteiro de Castro Silva
Published: June 2015

In this paper, I present some considerations about the monsters and monstrosities found in Sophocles’ Trachiniae. I try to understand them not as mere decorative elements, but as essential characters, as they evoke the borderline between man and beast, and compel us to rethink our conceptions of human nature. The monsters are described in the play as very rough hybrid beings, who inhabit faraway places. But the monstrosity may be also viewed as the outcome of passion, of the destructive power of Eros and Cypris. And is just through this power that the main event of the play happens: Heracles’ antithetic transformation from a hero to a monster.
Cronologia das traduções e das obras filológicas orientalistas (séc. XVIII e XIX)
Authors: Santos F. Delfim
Published: June 2015

Cronologia das traduções e das obras filológicas orientalistas (séc. XVIII e XIX)

 
O silêncio de Foucault para o Alcebíades de Plutarco
Authors: Barbosa Tereza Virgínia Ribeiro
Published: June 2015

We intend to relate Plutarch and Foucault through acharacter present in the work of both thinkers, namely, Alcibiades,the eugenés. A comparison between the two representations showsthat the focus of interest differs in each case. Our reflection is basedon the following questions: Why doesn’t Foucault discuss Plutarch’sAlcibiades in The Hermeneutics of the Subject? Would it be because,unlike Plato, the Greek moralist reveals the aristocrat as a failure, asthe result of a mistaken pedagogical choice or as the portrait of hiscommunity?
Laudationes et Iniuriae: debate sobre um aspecto da construção da imagem do governante em Sêneca
Authors: Mancini Willian , Faversani Fábio
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT: The article aims to understand specific aspects of the relations between emperors and aristocrats, especially regarding the role of clemency in the making of these relationships. The authors analyse this issue in the context of the principates of Claudius and Nero in three works of Seneca (De consolatione ad Polybium, Apolococintosis, De clementia).

 

KEYWORDS: Seneca; Claudius; Nero; clemency; Roman empire; aristocracy.
Legitimación religiosa de la poética de arquíloco. La inscripción de Mnesiepes
Authors: Carrizo Sebástian Eduardo
Published: June 2015

Evidências dispersas e fragmentárias reunidas ao longo dos últimos séculos permitiram delinear os traços do culto que os habitantes da ilha de Paros, na Grécia, ofereceram a Arquíloco. A história deste culto, que parece ter-se estendido do ato mesmo das exéquias públicas do poeta (século VII a. C.) até a profanação do monumento funerário (século III d. C.), chegou aos nossos dias através de testemunhos literários, epigráficos e iconográficos. Porém, só a partir da descoberta da “Inscrição de Mnesiepes” em 1949 e a posterior “editio princeps” pôde-se postular uma reconstrução na íntegra da apoteose e da instauração do ritual. O objeto deste trabalho consiste em analisar a relação dialógica que se estabelece entre a obra poética e a instituição do culto heroico ao poeta.
Entre cães e cadelas: a Helena da Ilíada
Authors: Crepaldi Clara Lacerda
Published: June 2015

Abstract: In this paper we examine Helen’s character in the Iliad by focusing on her self-characterization as a dog (ku/wn) and dogface (kunw~pij). Firstly, we look at the general ethos of dogs in Homerand then we consider the meanings of dog metaphors applied toother characters throughout the Iliad and the Odyssey. By doing this,we conclude that Helen’s uses of dog-insults are paradoxically relatedto her sense of ai)dw/j.
Penélope e a arte da indecisão na Odisseia
Authors: Malta André
Published: June 2015

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to discuss some passages of the Odyssey that are important to the characterization of Penelope as “undecided” – at the same time someone who is victim and in the control of her destiny. I’ll try to show (as others did before) that this indecision, far from making Penelope an incongruous character, is responsible for her complexity and has a decisive role in drawing the narrative to an end.
Epopeia e poesia bucólica no Idílio XI de Teócrito
Authors: Rodrigues Júnior Fernando
Published: June 2015

Abstract: This paper discusses the relation between bucolic and epic poetry. Both genres shared the same meter – hexameter – and Theocritus was considered a poet influenced by Homer and belonging to epic tradition. In some sense it is possible to find bucolic elements in epic poetry, not only in similes in which there are shepherds in a variety of situations, but also in characters such as Polyphemus. Through the analysis of Polyphemus’ pastoral way of life in Odyssey a link is created between Theocritus’ idylls and Homeric narrative in order to distinguish bucolic poetry as a kind of epic poetry.
Luciano e a experimentação biográfica: filosofia e religião
Authors: Ipiranga Júnior Pedro
Published: June 2015

The purpose of this work is based on the following issues: how the religious aspect is focused on biographical works and what constitutes its function; how religious discourse interferes with conception of the genre of biographical and literary prose from the perspective of Lucian of Samosata. For that we will use as a benchmark for our analysis some conceptions about the religious phenomenon in works with biographical tone of Isocrates, Plato and Xenophon, in order to check how Lucian resumes and refigure issues there proposed. In a kind of biographical account and in epistolary form, Lucian somehow promotes a mimesis (here in the sense of a critical refiguring) of reports of Bios, in which he enacts a moral action figure, syncretizes or juxtaposes philosophical adhesion and religious belief. In the biographical works of Lucian: The passing of Peregrinus, Alexander the false prophet, Demonax and somehow Nigrinus, ‘conversion to a current philosophical’ concerns a pathos in the discourse, which is staged so explicitly dramatized and therefore undergo a treatment critical. Thus, we treat this work in order to delineate the constitution of pathos of biographical discourse and status of a distinctive literary biographical prose linked to religious and philosophical questions.
Cuando matan las manos del padre: Licurgo y la furia asesina
Authors: Colombani Maria Cecília
Published: June 2015

 O projeto do presente ensaio consiste em indagar as consequências da mania assassina quando Dioniso exerce sua ação sobre homens e mulheres, indistintamente. Até o momento, a presença feminina no palco do horror fica atestada em múltiplos espaços do mito; a figura masculina, ao contrário, se mostra menos ostentosa. O episódio que vamos analisar se situa, precisamente, no enclave masculino como tópos da fúria assassina. Licurgo, rei dos edônios, na Trácia, foi quem proibiu as cerimônias em honra do deus, pelo qual foi castigado. É aqui o local onde Dioniso encontra seu primeiro adversário e ser seu adversário significa sempre o mesmo: não o reconhecer de algum modo, ignorar seu estatuto divino e, portanto, negar ou proibir suas cerimônias, o que desata a fúria do deus. Seu estrangeirismo é a estranheza ontológica de quem rompe a cada instante a tranquila certeza do Mesmo. Daí seu rosto Outro. Daí seu salto carregado de estranha loucura.
The aesthetics of paradox in Lucian’s Prolaliaí
Authors: Popescu Valentina
Published: June 2015

Este artigo explora o emprego, por Luciano, de material paradoxográfico em suas introduções retóricas, prolaliaí, como uma retórica oblíqua de autorreferência. Especialmente, mostra que o material paradoxográfico, gradualmente estabelecendo sofisticados paradigmas para a recepção do novo e da alteridade, é parte de uma estratégia requintada, um sistema referencial complexo, através do qual Luciano define sua poética e reflete o clima cultural multifacetado de sua época, em que tenta estabelecer a si mesmo como, paradoxalmente, uma identidade tanto heterodoxa quanto ortodoxa.
A Review of the Pharmacokinetics of Levothyroxine for the Treatment of Hypothyroidism
Authors: Colucci Philippe , Yue Corinne Seng , Ducharme Murray , Benvenga Salvatore ,   Principal Scientist, Learn and Confirm Inc,   Principal Scientist, Learn and Confirm Inc. and PhD Candidate, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal,   President and CEO, Learn and Confirm Inc., St Laurent, Canada and Associate Professor, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada,   Professor of Medicine, Director, Master Program on Childhood, Adolescent and Women’s Endocrine Health, and Chief, Interdepartmental Program of Molecular & Clinical Endocrinology and Women’s Endocrine Healt, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Published: June 2015

Thyroxine hormone has been recognised since the early part of the nineteenth century and levothyroxine has been available since the mid-nineteenth century as a replacement for deficient thyroid hormones. While levothyroxine remains the staple treatment for hypothyroidism even to this day, its optimal use can be challenging. As is often the case with older drugs, the pharmacokinetics of levothyroxine is often under-appreciated or misunderstood and many factors influence the optimal dosing of levothyroxine. This article will review the pharmacokinetics of levothyroxine in the treatment of hypothyroidism and highlight major concepts that should aid both clinicians and researchers.
Implications of Somatostatin Analogues in the Treatment of Acromegaly
Authors: Gariani Karim , Meyer Patrick , Philippe Jacques ,   Chief Resident, Internal Medicine Service,   Associate Clinician,   Professor, Head, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Hypertension and Nutrition, Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland
Published: June 2015

Octreotide has an important role in the medical management of acromegaly. Its place in the management of acromegaly as an adjuvant therapy after neurosurgery is well established with a well-demonstrated efficacy. It can also be used in certain clinical conditions as a neoadjuvant treatment. Clinicians and patients should be aware of the possible side effects of octreotide treatment.
Resveratrol for the Management of Diabetes and its Downstream Pathologies
Authors: Nanjan Moola Joghee , Betz James ,   Director, Research JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund, India,   Chief Science Officer, Biotivia Labs LLC, Arlington, Virginia, US
Published: June 2015

Over the past 10 years more than 10,000 papers andin vitroinvestigations have been published that identify or analyse various critical pathways and biological processes through which the phytoalexin resveratrol has been shown to attenuate the metabolic dysfunctions, acute symptomatology and the consequential downstream pathologies related to type 2 diabetes. More recently, several clinical trials have confirmed resveratrol’s potential to substantially enhance the therapeutic effects of the pharmaceutical metformin hydrochloride, particularly related to glucose management, insulin sensitivity and cardioprotection. Metformin is the most commonly prescribed type 2 diabetes treatment worldwide; consequently, any compound with the ability to safely and effectively augment its therapeutic effects warrants intensive investigation. This paper elucidates the principal modes of action that underly resveratrol’s promising potential as an effective adjunct treatment for patients currently being administered metformin.
A Review and Comparative Analysis of Recent Advancements in Traffic Sign Detection and Recognition Techniques
Authors: Chourasia Khyati , Chourasia Jitendra N.
Published: June 2015

This paper presents a comprehensive study of the automatic detection and recognition of traffic sign. The object of this review is to reduce the search for quality Traffic sign recognition system and to indicate the potential regions for increasing the efficiency, accuracy and speed of the system. The traffic sign carry the very important and valuable safety information through the peculiar characteristics. Different categories of traffic sign with their characteristics are presented. The practical difficulty that arises in actual time traffic sign is summarized. It describes also the techniques used for the detection, recognition and classification of the traffic signs. The traffic sign detection using color and shape detection are most commonly used. Some authors also used adaboost detector and decision tree method for detection. Most of the researcher used different type of Neural Network for recognition and classification. Some of the authors used fuzzy classifier and genetic algorithm. Template matching and model based method is also used for classification. A lot of improvements are still required for development efficient, fast, robustness traffic sign recognition system.
Structural Analysis of Encapsulated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Singh D. B. , Shukla V. N. , Kumar Vikas , Gupta Pragya , Ramma L.
Published: June 2015

Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy revealed the nanoscale chemical properties of organic molecules encapsulated in single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Our approach is based on an enhanced electric field near a laser-irradiated metal tip functioning as a Raman excitation source. The enhanced field can successfully act on encapsulated molecules through the walls of the SWNTs to extract molecular vibrational information -carotene, which exhibits several active Raman modes under visible light illumination, was used as the encapsulated molecule. Tip-enhanced Raman spectra measured at seven different positions on SWNT bundles showed that carotene molecules inside the tubes were not uniformly distributed. It is also found that the filling rate and peak position of the radial breathing mode of the SWNTs are linearly correlated.
Up-gradation of Khoa Production and Preservation Technologies
Authors: Kumar Mahesh
Published: June 2015

India is the largest milk producing nation in the world. Milk is perishable in nature, thus it can not be stored for a very long period. In order to preserve it, more than half of milk produced in India is converted into a variety of traditional value added milk products which played a significant role in the Indian economy. Khoa is a heat desiccated value added indigenous milk product. Due to its large scale consumption about six lakh tones of khoa is being manufactured annually, which is equivalent to seven percent of India’s total milk production. In this article, the brief overviews on traditional method of khoa making, technological up-gradation in khoa making process, energy requirements, shelf life, and storage of khoa are presented.
Zero-Energy Buildings-A Review
Authors: Singh Pawan , Verma Rakesh
Published: June 2015

A zero-energy building (ZEB), which is an autonomous building energy option, is defined as a building that produces as much energy as it uses from renewable energy sources at the site. Zero-energy buildings can exchange energy with the power grid as long as the net energy balance is zero on an annual basis.In terms of the thermal energy transfer and storage, zero-energy buildings can achieve annual energy consumption levels down to 0 kWh per square metre through the use of renewable energy sources, which compares favourably with the passive house energy criteria per square metre. Energy plus houses, in contrast with both the passive houses and zero-energy buildings, focus on producing more energy per year than they consume, which can lead to an annual energy performance of -25 kWh per square metre. Zero-energy buildings should have features like:
i) Enable building owners to be isolated from fluctuating energy prices through the on or off-grid renewable energy supply
ii) Help reduce peak electrical demand by self-supplying energy demands on site
iii) Go hand in hand with the transformation of energy infrastructure and market.
Zero-energy buildings can be achieved by incorporating energy efficiency measures and on-site renewable energy generation technologies and its energy efficiency measures include: creating a high-performance building envelope, installing energy efficient appliances and lights, increasing the use of passive solar cooling and heating techniques and installing high-efficiency mechanical systems that match the lower energy requirements of the home. On-site renewable energy generation systems can be available within a building’s footprint by using PVs, solar hot water and wind located on the building or at the site by means of PVs, solar hot water, low impact hydro and wind located on-site not on the building.
Zero-energy building is still in the conceptual stage in the Asia-Pacific region. A few pilot projects have been applied to public buildings, such as research institutes, for demonstration purpose e.g., Sustainable Energy Technology Centre in China, Pusat Tenaga Malaysia’s Zero Energy Office (ZEO) Building and National Institution of Environmental Research in Republic of Korea.
Pulse Fracturing in Shale Reservoirs: Geomechanical Aspects, Ductile/Brittle Transition, and Field Implications
Authors: Safari Reza , Gandikota Raju , Mutlu Ovunc , Ji Missy , Glanville Jonathan , Abass Hazim
Published: June 2015

This paper presents a brief review of misconceptions on industry-standard brittleness/ductility definitions; geomechanical aspects and numerical evaluation of pulse fracturing by use of an advanced constitutive model implemented within the ANSYS® Autodyn® (ANSYS 2014); and fracture-network patterns because of pulse loading in shale that show ductile/brittle transition.

In shale gas, one of the primary goals is to create extensive fracture networks that can remain open during production. Field experience has shown that not all shale formations respond to hydraulic fracturing effectively. It is important to identify and accurately design alternative fracturing techniques that would overcome some of the limitations. Pulse-fracturing rates and peak loads can be customized to lie between hydraulic and explosive fracturing. This technique has the potential to shatter shale, in particular by triggering a ductile/brittle transition at an optimized pulse rate.

To date, operational considerations of pulse fracturing for success remain qualitative. Recent advances in computational geomechanics help us quantify the effect of key operational parameters for field applications. Further to this, advanced constitutive models implemented for these analyses have the benefit of simulating ductile/brittle transition, if the stress state and loading conditions dictate that the material should. This study on pulse fracturing shows that for a certain combination of reservoir, geomechanical, and pulse-loading parameters, induced fractures can propagate in multiple directions. This phenomenon might promote a self-propping mechanism for a network of fractures. At the end of this paper, favorable conditions when the pulse-fracturing technique would work and key parameters that trigger ductile/brittle transition are summarized and presented.
Environmentally Acceptable Porosity-Fill Sealant Systems for Water and Gas Control Applications
Authors: Vasquez J. E. , Tuck D..
Published: June 2015

A wide variety of mechanical and chemical technologies have been implemented for controlling unwanted fluid production in hydrocarbon-producing wells. Some of the most widely used technologies for water and gas control include temperature-activated gel sealants that involve a wide variety of chemistries. However, as the oil and gas industry explores more complex reservoirs and more environmentally sensitive offshore and land areas, these systems must comply with tougher environmental regulations. Based on these restrictions, many of these chemicals treatments are either banned or are projected to be phased out in the near future because of environmental concerns. This paper presents the development of two environmentally acceptable porosity-fill sealant systems approved for North Sea operations with a “green” rating for water and gas control applications.

The two environmentally acceptable conformance systems discussed are based on (1) colloidal silica and (2) polysaccharides. Both systems exhibit low initial fluid viscosity that allows low injection pressures and deep radial penetration into the reservoir, if necessary. Once the treatment is strategically placed into the formation, it actives by the reservoir temperature at a predicted time to form a three-dimensional (3D) gel structure. The crosslinked gel provides a total shutoff of pore spaces and channels, thus limiting undesired water or gas flow. These systems are not a selective treatment; thus, zonal isolation might be necessary. Characteristics of these two environmentally acceptable porosity-fill sealant systems are discussed in addition to performance testing and application and design considerations, outlining how proper diagnostics and candidate selection are fundamental to a high success ratio in such treatments.
Drill Cutting Reinjection Feasibility Study in a Critical Environment, Apaika Field, Ecuador
Authors: Hernandez R. M. , Torres M.. , Leal J.. , Abad F.. , Lopez B.. , Bastidas A..
Published: June 2015

The Yasuni National Park is located in the Ecuadorian Amazon. It is the most important reservoir of biodiversity on the planet and home to two peoples in voluntary isolation: the Tagaeri and Taromenane. Below the ground of this park are three oil fields that contain approximately 20% of the country's oil reserves. For these reasons, NOC Petroamazonas EP performed detailed environmental impact studies, with the mandate to use proven technologies to develop the reserves of these fields. Based on this, a drill cutting reinjection feasibility study was conducted in the Apaika field within Yasuni Park.

This paper presents the results of the feasibility study in which all aspects of geoscience and operations parameters that influence the selection of the optimal formation and well injection were integrated: geology, petrophysical, geomechanical, fracture simulations, slurry design, interference analysis, injection rates, well completion, erosion velocities, etc.

The geology and petrophysical analysis included seal analyses to help ensure the containment of slurry (outcrops, natural fractures, and faults), storage (lateral continuity, thickness, effective porosity, clay volume, water saturation, and pore throat radius), and flow properties. Filtrate invasion simulations were conducted considering the volume of drilling waste planned in the field and the maximum volume that could be injected into the formation without affecting neighboring wells (areal interference) and without resulting in fluid loss to formations of interest (vertical interference). Fracture simulations were supported by geomechanical models and calibrated with real-time results in the field. Also, laboratory tests were performed to obtain the optimal slurry. Finally, tubing erosion velocity, casing burst failures, and surface equipment analyses were performed to assess the integrity and condition of the injector well, Apaika 001X.

Implementing drill cutting reinjection feasibility studies in Apaika 001X provided Petroamazonas EP with a definitive solution to the waste accumulation at the surface, helping to minimize the environmental impact in the Apaika field and also to prepare for operations in Yasuni, which is a bigger challenge. Following the recommendations of the feasibility study, a diagnostic formation integrity test (DFIT) was performed in April 2014 to calibrate the geomechanical model. Cuttings were first injected into Apaika 001X in June 2014, making it the first drilling waste reinjector well in Ecuador supported by best practices.
Implications of the Response to the La Brea Oil Spill of 2013 as a Result of the First-time activation of the Revised National Oil Spill Contingency Plan of 2013 of Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Rudder M. M. , Kowlessar-George G. P. , Hosein R. B. , Butcher S. A.
Published: June 2015

This paper will examine the response measures utilized during the multiple oil spills of December 2013 in Trinidad including the activation of the National Oil Spill Contingency Plan (NOSCP) to co-ordinate the responses. In addition, it will explore how successful these response measures were, the adjustments that were made, the challenges with public relations and other factors that negatively impacted the response. Also a discussion of what technological features would have improved the actual responses to the multiple oil spills with particular reference to the La Brea Oil Spill. Managing the response to this La Brea spill necessitated the use of the Incident Command System (ICS) as required under the NOSCP as well as the activation of the NOSCP to the Tier 3 level. A variety of response equipment and resources such as booms, dispersants, degreasers and shoreline cleaners as well as vessel and aerial surveillance were utilized. The decision to utilize Corexit 9500A in the response elicited national anathema. In addition, the fact that mangroves were impacted by oil and they were purposely not cleaned received condemnation. There was major dissatisfaction with the mechanisms employed to conduct beach cleaning which prolonged the clean-up. The spill caused disgruntlement amongst the affected residents. The public relations aspect of the response was viewed as lacking timely, coordinated and relevant information in this social media age. There were many lessons learned as a result of the La Brea oil spill. Some of the main lessons were the need for synchronization of the objectives of the various Incident Command Teams; the importance of having a high-technology Emergency Operations Centre; the need for pre-spill trajectory models prior to the incident; the need for early warning systems to detect oil spills when they occur and the need for a Joint Information Centre to manage the media issues. The spill also highlighted the value of the ICS and the use of the ICS forms and the need for synchronized display of such forms over multiple platforms. The La Brea Oil Spill of December 2013 in Trinidad is an example of the challenge of responding to an oil spill incident in the Caribbean region while also considering the unpredictability of the behavior of an oil spill when subjected to environmental conditions. This oil spill, some 7554 barrels of Bunker C type oil, travelled tens of kilometers from its point of origin dominated solely by the prevailing current during the time of the spill. The spill negatively impacted the coastline of La Brea and environs, affecting shorelines, beaches, mangroves and other environmentally sensitive areas, as well as residents and stakeholders.
Mitigation of Greenhouse Gases and Spills Through a Vapor Recovery System
Authors: Montenegro P.. , Fontecha D..
Published: June 2015

The company has a system of oil extraction by pumping mechanical units, after removing it the fluid passes through the flow line that carry this to storage tanks where the oil is stored; remnants of the hydrocarbons can be converted to vapor with components such as methane, propane, butane and ethane all of them are burned in a tea before send to the atmosphere. The presence of these vapors also generates pressure changes in flow lines that carry the oil allowing fluid input caused by stroke, in order to make better use of resources and reduce gas spills and emissions generated atmosphere for the implementation of a system known as VRU or vapor recovery unit is proposed.

Recovery unit steam or VRU starts with a separate liquid from gas through a unit known as scrubber then the gas is mixed with oil glycol as lubrication and passed through a filter to remove the solids this mixture enters a compressor compressing the gas, the gas to be reused is cooled by a special fan unit and dispatched as required according to the required discharge pressure.

Currently the system is implemented for 22 platforms (cluster) of the company and in its testing phase has shown an increase in the utilization of gas going to generate 400-1000 MSCFD and since beginning the project has not been generated by annular spill locations related wells still being in continuous operation. The implementation of this system allows you to maximize the gas generated from the extraction of raw minimizing costs associated with buying gas, decreases the chance of leakage by pressure in lines and gives a great contribution in reducing the emission of gases atmosphere.
Generating Behaviors that Respect the Environment Through an Experiential Program for Training and Awareness for Internal and External Stakeholders
Authors: Delgadillo D..
Published: June 2015

Companies generally face challenges to innovate with regard to methodologies used for the training and awareness of their employees, contractors and communities located within the area of influence. Monotony in training within the classrooms, lack of motivation and poor attendance by employees, turnover of personnel, level of satisfaction with activities, among others, are the reasons for noncompliance with the company's environmental policies and programs, and, therefore, resulting in impacts on the natural environment.

A methodology for experiential training allowed for deepening and coordinating a program for addressing and strengthening the culture and environmental behaviors associated with the protection and preservation of natural resources and ecosystems. In order to identify and prioritize the need for training, criteria such as detection of main deviations based on organizational goals, the national and regional environmental context (i.e. Child Phenomenon) and expectations from stakeholders were utilized so that the program could have a scope beyond legal compliance.

The teaching was adjusted with education tools, such as sketches prepared by subject experts that were effective on the culturization of the subjects discussed, leaving a memorable impression. In addition, feedback from experiences or knowledge of participants were taken into consideration in order to enrich these activities. The mobile classroom was utilized in order to bring training activities to the work sites for the purpose of avoiding transportation of employees from locations that are usually distant in the event of oil fields and to ensure a broad coverage. During these sessions, an appropriate and pleasant interaction environment was provided outdoors, with theoretical – ludic awareness methodologies.

The evaluation of the training transfer was performed through follow-up indicators, such as management inspections and crossed audits among contractors, showing significant improvements in results. The methodology has extended coverage to 85 to 90% with participation higher than 1,300 individuals in two months. A relevant subject for the program was the involvement of the communities within the area, by transmitting a message of development and a perspective of a better future for coming generations.
Biorestoration of Andean Wetlands in Peru Gas Pipeline
Authors: Pérez Germán Sulca , Hernani Lau José Carlos , Schuler Miluska Soria
Published: June 2015

The bio-restoration works of wetland ecosystems in high Andean areas where the NG and NGL lines of Transportadora de Gas del Perú TGP are laid out consisted of the recovery of natural draining patterns in the Right of Way - RoW, increasing the percolation and seepage capacity, which is necessary for the growth of native vegetation of the ecosystem, thus, increasing vegetation cover in the RoW.

Furthermore, physical barriers were installed to protect the excessive livestock in the region, preventing overgrazing in the RoW, and allowing vegetation to grow.

Local labor participated in these works. They were trained in wetland restoration and management techniques, including the breeding of camelids without affecting the wetland ecosystem.

An increased diversity of species was observed in the transects as they were farther from the pipeline; however, an analysis of the diversity index by Kp and transect does not show a defined pattern, in two of the eight sampling points (Kp 332 and Kp 349), the farthest transects in relation to the pipeline show high diversity indexes as compared to other transects near the pipeline.
First Successful Application of Multi-layer Bed Boundary Mapping Technology to Achieve Maximum Reservoir Contact in Horizontal Wells in Saudi Arabian Gas Reservoirs
Authors: AlTwaijri Mohammad , Ahmed Mahbub , Habbtar Ali , Al-Alqum Wael , Zeidan Motaz , Satti Mohammed
Published: June 2015

Distance-to-bed boundary technologies have been successfully deployed to geosteer wells horizontal sections for the last 10 years. As the technology is based on the propagation of electromagnetic waves, its preferred operational environment is to be in the resistive reservoir layer, while mapping the adjacent conductive layers. Technology advances have driven the development of a more robust inversion engine, as well as opened the opportunity to acquire and transmit a richer suite of measurements in real-time that are more sensitive to reservoir dip and anisotropy. The evolution has taken the technology from distance-to-bed boundary to multi-layer bed boundary mapping improving the resolution from a simple 3-layer model of up to ~15 ft radially from the wellbore to multi-layer detection in excess of 20 ft. The new inversion engine is also better equipped to resolve for information about the reservoir in the less-favorable environment, such as, conductive target reservoir with resistive adjacent layers.

In an effort to maximize reservoir exposure and minimize wellbore stability issues when multiple layers are crossed, a new generation of boundary mapping technology was deployed to help address challenges in thin porous layers within carbonate reservoirs. Since reservoir layers are identified by porosity, and this technology is conductivity-seeking, the basic premise of the well placement approach was to ascertain the relationship between resistivity and porosity on landing, and then proceed thereafter with the appropriate inversion result-based geosteering. The assumption is that the relationship remains the same throughout the wellbore length, otherwise a new well placement strategy would need to be devised in real-time. As the gasbearing target reservoirs are a mixture of calcite and dolomite, it was often found that the more conductive layers were indeed the target porous layers, when compared to the upper/lower adjacent layers (tight and more resistive). However due to lithological heterogeneity, the opposite was also found to be true.

While drilling across these targets, there was a clear delineation of the upper and lower layer limits, with the target layer thicknesses in the range of 2-8 ft. Proactive well placement decisions were executed to maintain the trajectory within the target layer, resulting in unprecedented reservoir exposure. Placing a well in a single porous zone will not only bring the benefit of improving production rates, but it will also allow the well to be drilled with properly optimized mud weight resulting in no wellbore stability issues while drilling, tripping or performing casing operations.
Monitoring and analysis of biogas output from decentralized anaerobic waste water treatment with simultaneous utilization of resources in Java, Indonesia
Authors: Kaiser M. , Fuchs S.
Published: June 2015

In the province of Yogyakarta in Java, district of Gunungkidul is considered to be one of the poorest areas in Indonesia. Here, water shortage greatly affects the population, especially during the dry season, which lasts from April to October. The peculiarity of Gunungkidul is that despite high rainfall of about 1,800 mm per year, the water supply of the population is not guaranteed. Because of the karstic underground, rainfall rapidly seeps into the ground without sufficient surface storage. The current situation of sanitation systems consist of pit latrines or pour flush toilets and results in an inadequate waste water treatment. Untreated liquids infiltrates into the ground, thus posing a significant threat to groundwater quality. Owing to this reasons mentioned above, an integrated water resources management (IWRM) was established in the district of Gunungkidul. The aim of the IWRM-Indonesia project was to develop adaptable and sustainable technologies for the supply of the population in the project area with water in sufficient quantity and quality as well as the improvement of the waste water treatment situation, which is the focus of the study presented herein.
The influence of excess sludge discharge on the performance of a full-scale UASB reactor
Authors: Barros K. K. , Gavazza S. , Florencio L. , Kato M. T.
Published: June 2015

The influence of sludge discharge frequency on the performance of a full-scale UASB-type reactor has been assessed. The reactor has eight compartments and treats domestic sewage with an 8 hour hydraulic retention time. In each compartment, a different discharge frequency was employed ranging from 1 to 8 months. During the assessment period, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency, effluent volatile suspended solids (VSS) concentration, and cellular yield coefficient (Y) were evaluated. The results indicated that the operational stability increased with increasing discharge frequency, as shown by a higher COD removal and lower effluent VSS. The values of Y decreased when the sludge discharge frequency increased. In practice, good performance can be achieved when the sludge discharge frequency is between 1 and 4 months; COD removal efficiencies of 60–80%, average VSS effluent concentrations of 25–80 mg L−1, and Y values of 0.10–0.18 kg VSS kg CODremoved−1 were obtained.
Reuse in practice: a review of selected French case studies
Authors: David B. , Briol M. , Hercule-Bobroff S.
Published: June 2015

In the context of ever increasing interest for reuse worldwide, this paper examines existing practices in France through selected case studies in an attempt to identify valuable lessons that could be learned from this experience for other countries or organisations seeking to encourage reuse. Well designed and flexible regulations to promote reuse combined with state of the art technology, operational know-how and expertise are identified as key ingredients for the success of individual projects.
Ultrafiltration by a super-hydrophilic regenerated cellulose membrane
Authors: Naim M. M. , El-Shafei A. A. , Moneer A. A. , Elewa M. M.
Published: June 2015

Ultrafiltration (UF) has received tremendous attention in concentration and purification of proteins in biotechnology, biomedicine and food production industries. Accordingly, in the present work innovated super-hydrophilic UF membranes were fabricated by the phase inversion technique, from a special casting solution formulation consisting of cellulose acetate in different solvents/additives, followed by complete deacetylation to form a regenerated cellulose membrane. Variables investigated included time of evaporation of as-cast membrane, temperature of coagulation water bath and post annealing of membrane. The membranes were used in ultrafiltrating yeast suspensions and examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared, contact angle, porosity and pore size. The membrane performance was found to be strongly affected by each variable, and the best membrane gave a consistently high flux (27 kg/m2h) on prolonged operation, with almost zero salt rejection (%SR), when subjected to 5 bar operating pressure. The super-hydrophilic membrane morphologies indicated an asymmetric structure by SEM examination.
‘Technology transfer-oriented research and development in the wastewater sector – validation at industrial-scale plants’ (EXPOVAL) – Subgroup 6: solar sewage sludge drying: first results from investigations with a pilot plant
Authors: Dellbrügge R. , Bauerfeld K. , Dichtl N. , Großer A. , Paris S.
Published: June 2015

Drying sewage sludge is a major aspect of biosolids management. Several investigations were performed in a pilot-scale solar dryer for the subsequent development of design rules for solar dryers. The pilot dryer was operated outside simultaneously with a full-scale dryer and, later, in a building. Total solids in the sludge and climate data were analyzed and logged regularly during drying. The fecal coliform and ammonium content was measured as well. Operation next to the full-scale plant was intended to enable comparison of their evaporation rates. The pilot plant was operated in a building in order to assess the influence of external heat input on the drying process. The results showed constant drying progress and that drying was feasible. Although differences in evaporation rates arising from operation, aeration and scaling existed, evaporation rates comparable to full-scale dryers were observed. Under floor heating improved evaporation rates by 25%. More than 50% of total Kjeldahl nitrogen was degraded, and this could be detected as NH3 in the discharged air. Reduction in fecal coliforms could be achieved without reaching secure disinfection, as required by USEPA standard 503 (USEPA 2007).
Removal of ammonia from aqueous solution for swine wastewater with swine manure compost-based char
Authors: Dote Y. , Sekito T. , Ueda K. , Sakamoto R. , Suzuki T. , Sano S.
Published: June 2015

Biochar produced from swine manure compost was used to evaluate the effect of pH, temperature, size of biochar on ammonium adsorption property considering swine wastewater treatment. The Langmuir model was demonstrated to provide the best fit for the adsorption of ammonium on the biochar. Higher temperature and pH promoted the adsorption capacity of the Langmuir model parameter although the effect of particle size of the biochar was little. The kinetic studies suggested that the adsorption of ammonium on the biochar was described by the pseudo-first order kinetic model and the rate constant was affected by pH. The low removal rate of ammonium at an initial concentration of 1,000 mg-N L−1 considering primary treatment effluent indicated that the roll of adsorption by the biochar was not to remove ammonium completely, but to reduce the nitrogen load for the secondary treatment.
Visualizing Confidence Bands for Semiparametrically Estimated Nonlinear Relations Among Latent Variables
Authors: Pek Jolynn , Chalmers R. Philip , Kok Bethany E. , Losardo Diane
Published: June 2015

Structural equation mixture models (SEMMs), when applied as a semiparametric model (SPM), can adequately recover potentially nonlinear latent relationships without their specification. This SPM is useful for exploratory analysis when the form of the latent regression is unknown. The purpose of this article is to help users familiar with structural equation models to add SEMM to their toolkit of exploratory analytic options. We describe how the SEMM captures potential nonlinearity between latent variables, and how confidence bands (CBs; point wise and simultaneous) for the recovered latent function are constructed and interpreted. We then illustrate the usefulness of CBs for inference with an empirical example on the effect of emotions on cognitive processing. We also introduce a visualization tool that automatically generates plots of the latent regression and their CBs to promote user accessibility. Finally, we conclude with a discussion on the use of this SPM for exploratory research.