bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-term oxygen treatment in chronic respiratory failure
Authors: Nuralieva G. S. , Shmidt A. E. , Avdeev I. S. , Nekludova G. V.
Published: November 2024

Chronic respiratory failure (CRF) is the leading cause of mortality in patients with pulmonary diseases. One of the key treatments for CRF is long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT). The main purpose of LTOT is to improve the quality of life, increase physical performance, reduce the frequency of exacerbations and mortality of patients. It is recommended to use oxygen therapy for at least 15-16 hours a day, and if there is no effect, increase this time to 24 hours. Indications for LTOT have remained unchanged for a long time. The decision on the appointment of LTOT should be based on three-fold results of the gas composition of arterial blood, and the assessment of gas exchange parameters can be made only after stabilization of the condition (3-4 weeks after exacerbation). It is also worth considering the possibility of hypercapnia in patients and the likelihood of aggravation of the patient's condition due to oxygen-induced hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis. Despite the existence of numerous studies concerning the use of LTOT, most of them have been conducted on patients with COPD, which creates the need for a deeper study of the effectiveness of this method in patients with other diseases. The use of long-term oxygen therapy has a positive effect on the quality of life, physical performance, the frequency of exacerbations, hospitalizations and patient survival. There are various methods of oxygen delivery, which allows the use of LTOT not only at rest, but also when moving the patient over long distances. It is important to note that in addition to prescribing LTOT, patients need to change their lifestyle, stop smoking, and receive adequate drug therapy for the underlying disease.
Missionary Activity of A. G. Ibragimov (1857–1944) in Japan
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Telitsin Nikolay N. , Ogi Aleksandra-Megumi ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: November 2024

The paper describes missionary work of A. G. Ibragimov in Japan and his relations with various strata of Japanese society during that period. The main works in Japanese are those of Japanese Turkologists: Misawa Nobuo, Komatsu Hisao and others, including those whose research work focuses on the history of the Ottoman Empire. Ibragimov visited Japan three times. Very little information is available about the first and the second visits; however, the third visit is described in considerable detail in his own diaries, among other things. His communication with the Japanese (who were traditionally considered ardent nationalists) aroused as much interest as his communication with representatives of the ruling class, which, as many researchers believe, could have influenced Japanese politics in 1930s. Ibragimov’s social circle included: Ohara Bunkei, the founder of the Ajia Gikai and the first Japanese Muslim; Toyama Mitsuru, the founder of the Gen’yosha and the leader of the Japanese right-wing movement; Nakano Jotaro (Tenshin), a Japanese thinker and one of the ideologists of the Ajia Gikai; Kono Hironaka, a member of the lower house of the Japanese parliament and the Minister of Agriculture and Trade 1915–1916; Inukai Tsuyoshi, the Minister of Internal Affairs and the Minister of Education as well as the Prime Minister of Japan during the last years of his life; many other representatives of the upper class, including close associates and members of the imperial family. Ibragimov’s activities lead to the emergence of the first Muslim societies in Japan; many representatives of the Japanese nobility and ordinary people converted to Islam and even performed Hajj. Tokyo saw the construction of one of the largest mosques in Japan. It may be argued that the Japanese society witnessed a spark of interest in Islam; moreover, Japan established ties with Muslim countries in the Middle East. He contributed to the establishment of Pan-Asian societies, which functioned until the end of World War II. He was engaged in public awareness campaign as well as teaching: one of his students was Izutsu Toshihiko, the greatest Japanese specialist in Islamic studies, a polyglot and professor of the University of Tokyo.
Anthroponyms in the Uzbek Worldview
Authors:   Uzbek State World Languages University, Yuldashev Akmal G.
Published: November 2024

This article explores the role of anthroponyms in the Uzbek linguistic worldview. According to the author, proper names of people are a result of secondary interpretation and represent a cultural and spiritual value that has been formed by representatives of an ethnic group over many centuries. This has survived to this day as a rich historical and linguistic heritage. Upon studying Uzbek anthroponymy, it was discovered that the majority are names of indigenous Turkic origin, many of which have become traditional. There are also direct Uzbek names, which have a high nominative value and pronounced national-linguistic specificity. Additionally, there are units of different linguistic nature such as names created in different ways, in different periods, and borrowed from other languages through tracing, morphological transfer, and other means.The text describes the contributions of several scholars to the study of Uzbek anthroponyms, such as E. Begmatov, G. Sattarov, S. Rakhimov, and R. Khudoyberganov. The author, following N. N. Boldyrev, considers interpretation as a cognitive activity that is based on the main functions of language — cognitive, communicative, and interpretive. The author divides Uzbek proper names into 14 thematic groups, based on the results of secondary interpretation. The text concludes that interpretation is a cognitive activity that involves the perception and expression of objects and phenomena through language. There are two types of interpretation — primary and secondary. In primary interpretation, a system of conceptualization and categorization is formed based on a general description of existing objects and events in language. In secondary interpretation, language units are formed, encoded in human cognition, and found in verbal expression in language. Thus, anthroponyms are formed as a result of secondary conceptualization and categorization.
Evaluative Constructions with the Word ‘Plokhoi’ (Bad) in Russian and Chinese Languages: The Experience of Comparative Analysis
Authors:   Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Wang Yiling
Published: November 2024

The article discusses the meaning and use of Russian constructions with the predicate plokhoi (bad) in comparison with their Chinese equivalents. The purpose of the research is to identify the correspondences and differences between evaluative syntactic structures with the word plokhoi (bad) in both languages. The main source of material is the texts in the parallel Russian Chinese corpus of The Russian National Corpus (the RNC). The sample consists of more than a hundred sentences collected by lexical search based on the markup of Russian texts and the markup of Chinese texts. Using the contrastive method, semantic analysis, contextual analysis and quantitative calculations, the author demonstrates interlanguage correspondences in expressing negative evaluation. Taking into account the grammatical structure of Russian statements like on plokhoi mal’chik (he is a bad boy), the author proposes three variants of search commands and observes the predominance of the full adjective plokhoi (bad) in the nominative case before the punctuation mark. Th ere are four evaluative constructions with the adjective 坏 [huai] in Chinese: 1) simple evaluative construction (N/Pron/V + 坏 [huai]); 2) main evaluation construction (N/ Pron + 是 [shi] COP/COPneg + (CLF) + 坏N); 3) construction with an evaluation of action (V + 得 [de] AUX + 坏 [huai]); 4) evaluation construction with a verb denoting belonging (Vpossession + 坏 N). The first two variants of the commands turn out to be more effective, while the last two types are considered as evaluative constructions inherent in the Chinese language. It is shown that in Russian evaluative constructions of our type are divided into simple evaluative construction with the predicate plokhoi (bad) and class inclusion construction, the latter one can be literally translated into Chinese using the copula 是 [shi] COP. A literal translation is oft en used when translating simple evaluative constructions in both languages, and a partially equivalent translation serves as a typical method for other varieties of evaluative constructions.
Investigation of hydraulic parameters influencing interrill erosion under simulated rainfall conditions
Authors: Maaliou Aziz , Moussouni Abderzak , Ziani Dalila
Published: November 2024

Interrill erosion is a major cause of land degradation. This study investigates the effects of slope and rainfall intensity on soil erosion and sediment loss. Two types of slopes were examined: interrill slope and a rill slope, artificially created in the center of a 1 m² soil plot. Experiments were conducted at the LEGHYD laboratory using a fixed-bed channel with a triangular cross-section to simulate the rill. Two slope values (3% and 5%) for the plot and two interrill slopes (15% and 22.5%) were tested. Sandy soil (70% sand, 30% gravel) was subjected to six artificial rainfall intensities: 101.94 mm·h−1, 90.39 mm·h−1, 81.89 mm·h−1, 69.49 mm·h−1, 37.82 mm·h−1, and 31.40 mm·h−1. Data on hydraulic parameters of overland flow were analyzed in relation to sediment concentration. Results showed that while slope had minimal impact on rill flow velocity, it significantly influenced rainfall intensity and overland flow power. A strong positive correlation was found between rainfall intensity, flow power, and sediment concentration. The findings emphasize the combined effects of slope and rainfall intensity on erosion, underscoring the importance of integrated soil management strategies for sustainable land use.
Evaluative criteria for least-cost economic analysis of citywide inclusive sanitation: A scoping review
Authors: Ross Simon , Fane Simon , Foster Tim
Published: November 2024

Compared to health interventions, where evaluative criteria have been established, uncertainty about how comparative economic analysis methodologies should be applied to heterogeneous urban sanitation interventions in cities of low- and middle-income countries persists. Gaps between least-cost principles and current approaches constrain emerging citywide inclusive sanitation (CWIS) planning frameworks. Furthermore, a lack of comparable evidence about the economic efficiency of service provision interventions impacts the delivery of urban sanitation as an inclusive public service. This review scopes how least-cost principles may be applied to methodologies for urban sanitation interventions in two iterations. We devise and discuss evaluative criteria, embodying CWIS principles, that will improve the quality of these methodologies. They include how (i) the inclusion of diverse cost perspectives, particularly populations with marginal access to sanitation, are accommodated within an analysis; (ii) a context-specific without-project case may be used as an appropriate basis for comparison; (iii) tangible and intangible costs and outcomes may influence decisions; and (iv) diverse mixtures of interventions at different scales may be compared with integrity. The resulting evaluative criteria define principles that may inform future systematic reviews of methods aimed at enhancing CWIS planning frameworks.
The potential application of non-sewered sanitation systems in healthcare facilities – a case study in Beijing, China
Authors: Cheng Shikun , Zhao Qizhi , Wen Chongqiu , Manga Musa , Xiang Rui , Wang Xuemei , Li Zifu
Published: November 2024

Non-sewered sanitation systems (NSSSs) could improve sanitation in healthcare facilities (HCFs) within urban areas of developing countries. However, they are not usually applied in these areas. In this study, the PEST analysis, which refers to analyzing the feasibility and potential of a project in terms of four factors – political, economic, social, and technological – was used to examine the practical application of NSSS in HCFs in Beijing, China. The results found that the support of NSSS applications in HCFs outweighs the challenges. Particularly in rural areas, NSSS has significant potential for application. Implementing these strategies would enhance sanitation in HCFs and reduce the spread of diseases.
Rice cultivation and safety concerns from irrigation with ZnO nanoparticle-contaminated treated municipal wastewater
Authors: Afriani Shinta Dhewi , Phung Luc Duc , Sasaki Yuka , Kumar Arun , Watanabe Toru
Published: November 2024

The proliferation of metal-based nanoparticles in treated municipal wastewater (TWW) has raised environmental and health concerns. This study examined the health risks and effects of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) in TWW on rice growth, yield, and nutrition. Continuous fertigation was used to irrigate rice plants with TWW containing 0, 2, and 5 mg L−1 of either ZnO NPs or ZnSO4. Results indicated that TWW with higher ZnO NP concentrations significantly reduced plant height and root mass but increased shoot biomass and rice yield. ZnO NPs or ZnSO4 exposure increased Zn accumulation in rice roots, shoots, and grains while reducing Cd levels by 30%. However, elevated Zn levels also increased toxic metal accumulation, such as As and Mo. The estimated daily intake values for As, Zn, and Mo increased by over 100, 29–47, and 14–18%, respectively, raising cumulative health risks from trace element exposure, with hazard index (HI) values exceeding the safe threshold (HI > 1). Despite no acute toxicity in rice plants, the continuous use of ZnO NP-contaminated TWW presents significant long-term environmental and health risks. This highlights the urgent need for stringent monitoring and management of TWW quality to safeguard the sustainability of agricultural wastewater reuse.
Developing a universal equation to estimate the mass of dewatered wastewater sludge during biological digestion at mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures
Authors: Poorasgari Eskandar , Örmeci Banu
Published: November 2024

A series of dewaterability tests were conducted on various types of sludges to establish a wholistic relationship between sludge water fractions. Sludge samples were obtained from batch and continuous sludge digesters, which were operated anaerobically and aerobically under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. Dewaterability of the sludge samples and the distribution of water fractions were studied using centrifugation and thermal drying. Thickened waste activated sludge (T-WAS) contained 10-11 g bound water (BW)/g of total solids (TS), and it was more hydrophilic than primary and digested sludges. During anaerobic digestion, BW content fluctuated between 3.2 and 4.2 g BW/g TS. However, aerobic digestion at 55°C reduced the BW content of the mixed T-WAS + primary sludges from 3.7 to 2.1 g BW/g TS. A linear function was developed to correlate supernatant and BW mass fractions (R2 = 0.995). An equation was derived from the linear function to estimate the mass of dewatered sludge based on the TS concentration of the initial wet sludge. The developed expression is applicable to different kinds of wastewater sludges. Such an expression would be helpful for the designers and operators of sludge thickening and dewatering systems that use centrifugal separation.
Composition and concentrations of microplastics including tyre wear particles in stormwater retention pond sediments
Authors: Öborn Lisa , Österlund Heléne , Lorenz Claudia , Vianello Alvise , Lykkemark Jeanette , Vollertsen Jes , Viklander Maria
Published: November 2024

Stormwater is recognised as a vector for microplastics (MPs), including tyre wear particles (TWPs) from land-based sources to receiving waterbodies. Before reaching the waterbodies, the stormwater may be treated. In this study, sediments from six treatment facilities (five retention ponds and a subsurface sedimentation tank) were analysed to understand MP occurrence, concentrations, sizes, polymer types and distribution between inlet and outlet. The concentrations of MPs showed large variations between and within different facilities with MP concentrations of 1,440–72,209 items/kg (analysed by μFTIR) corresponding to 120–2,950 μg/kg and TWP concentrations from <DL up to 69,300 μg/kg (analysed by pyrolysis–GC–MS), with significantly higher concentrations at the inlet compared to the outlet. Polypropylene (PP) was the predominant MP type in terms of number in all samples. TWPs were dominant by mass in most (nine) samples. The relatively low density of PP polymers implies that density might not be the sole factor influencing particle settlement behaviour. Small particles occurred more frequently than large ones; around 70% of the particles detected in the samples were 100 μm or smaller. In summary, this study highlights the occurrence of MPs, including TWPs, in stormwater facilities and demonstrates variations in concentrations depending on sites and locations within the facility.
Assessment of Spatial Proportions of the Tax Potential of Small and Medium Enterprises in a Resource Type Region
Authors: Korchagina I. V.
Published: November 2024

Purpose of the study – to determine the spatial structure and concentration of tax revenues from the activities of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in municipal entities of the resource-type region (based on materials from the Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass), to characterize their compliance with the needs of local budgets.Materials and methods. The data on total tax revenues from SMEs, specific revenues per small and medium enterprise, in relation to population indexes, the total number of SMEs, the presence or absence of coal mining in the municipality were used. The coefficients of variation and oscillation, Atkinson index, the coefficient of paired correlation, Gatev coefficient, and the paired Student t-test were applied. The calculations were performed in the SPSS 19.0 program and the free software “R”.Results. The Kemerovo region – Kuzbass is characterized by high levels of spatial concentration of revenues from SMEs by municipalities, spatial inequality for this index. This is explained by not only the differences in the level of economic and business development between the centers and the periphery, but also by a large gap between municipalities in terms of population (10 times or more). The concentration and inequality of tax potential by municipalities in 2023 increased compared to 2021. The absolute values of revenues from special tax regimes and the population of municipalities have a very high level of correlation. Gatev coefficient (where another calculation method related to specific weights is used) showed a moderate degree of difference in the structures of these indexes. The center is ahead of the periphery in terms of the share of SMEs in the tax potential. Spatial inequality in revenues per one SME entity is moderate; in 2023, compared to 2021, a tendency towards an increase in this index was revealed. The leading positions are occupied by the Novokuznetsk municipal district (which is partly explained by the agglomeration effect of Novokuznetsk), Tashtagolsky municipal district (rapid development of the national resort of Sheregesh). The largest urban centers (Kemerovo, Novokuznetsk urban districts) occupy only third and fourth place. The absolute value of the tax potential of SMEs, as well as specific revenues from special tax regimes per one SME entity do not depend on the presence of a developed coal industry in the municipality.Conclusion. The study demonstrates spatial proportions and spatial inequality of municipalities in terms of SME tax potential, taking into account the specifics of resource-type regions. The presented methodological approach can be used to study a similar subject area in other regions dependent on mineral extraction. The findings of the study demonstrate the potential of SMEs in ensuring budget balance at the local level in the face of risks of declining coal production.
Methodological Aspects of Estimating the Value of Shares of Issuing Companies on the Stock Market
Authors: Dorokhov E. V.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the study. Development of a methodology for the estimated value of shares of issuing companies on the stock market based on the values of their investment criteria and indexes of net profit per share.Materials and methods. The study uses analytical and statistical data for the time period 1881-2022 on the market quotations of the S&P500 index and indexes of net profit of companies in terms of E, E6 and E10 shares (E6 and E10 are the moving average of E for the previous 6 and 10 years) for companies included in the calculation of the S&P500 index. Similar data for the time period 1998-2022 of the index-forming Russian companies Gazprom, Nornickel and Rosneft are also used. The research methodology includes statistical methods, methods of comparative analysis, comparison and generalization.Results. Based on the obtained data of regression dependence of the market quotations of the S&P500 index from 1881 to 2022 on the investment criteria of American companies S&P500/E and S&P500/E10, as well as on their net profit indexes in terms of E and E10 shares, it is shown that the objective financial and economic characteristics of companies mainly determine the market price of its shares. The regression dependence of the S&P500 on the E, E10 indexes and on the S&P/E10 investment criterion is characterized as high and very high. The presented S&P/E6 investment criterion, along with the S&P500/E10, has a very high impact on the S&P500 in comparison with other criteria and indexes (data from regression statistics during the dotcom crises from 2000 to 2005 and global crisis phenomena from 2007 to 2010). In most cases, it was revealed: high and very high dependence of the market value of shares of US and Russian issuing companies on the investment criteria P/E6 and P/E10; medium and weak dependence on the indexes E, E6 and E10; weak and very weak dependence on the investment criterion P/E.Conclusion. The results obtained show that to assess the reliable value of shares of issuing companies on the stock market, it is advisable to use the values of investment criteria P/E6 and P/E10. The practical significance of the study lies in testing the developed methodology for estimating the value of shares of issuing companies on the stock market. Stock market participants in choosing preferred investment strategies can use the results of the study. Based on the data obtained on a reliable assessment of the value of shares of issuing companies of the Russian stock market, regulatory organizations have the opportunity to formulate effective management of it in the context of existing negative geopolitical events.
Pressure Ulcers and Nutrients: From Established Evidence to Gaps in Knowledge
Authors: Kassym Laura , Zhetmekova Zhuldyz , Kussainova Assiya , Semenova Yuliya , Vetrova Anastassiya , Nurzhan Sholpan , Sarbassova Gauhar , Akhmetova Almira , Orazalina Ainash , Uzbekova Saltanat , Bjørklund Geir
Published: November 2024

Pressure ulcers (PUs) are caused by continuous pressure or friction on the
skin that damages tissue, especially over bony prominences. A critical factor in the development
and progression of PUs is poor nutritional status, which often involves deficiencies
in essential nutrients such as proteins, vitamins (A, C, D, E, K, and the B complex),
and trace elements (including zinc, selenium, copper, iron, and manganese). These
micronutrients are vital for effective wound healing, as they play significant roles in
cellular repair, immune function, and tissue regeneration. Laboratory tests for serum albumin,
prealbumin, transferrin, retinol-binding protein, and anthropometric measures
like height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) are used to evaluate a patient's nutritional
status. Screening tools such as the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Malnutrition
Universal Screening Tool (MUST), LPZ questionnaire, and Subjective Global Assessment
(SGA) are commonly employed. Emerging evidence from various studies, including
in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials, underscores the importance of personalized nutritional
interventions in managing PUs. Unlike generic dietary plans, tailored nutrition
that addresses the specific needs of individuals shows greater potential in promoting
wound healing and improving clinical outcomes. This synthesis of existing research
highlights the critical influence of micronutrients on the healing process of PUs. It
suggests that a personalized approach to nutrition, which takes into account individual
patient requirements and deficiencies, is likely to be more effective than a one-size-fits-
all strategy in the management of these complex wounds.
Advances in Discovery and Design of Anti-influenza Virus Peptides
Authors: Li Shixin , Xie Xi , Zhou Shaofen , He Jian
Published: November 2024

The influenza virus, a well-known pathogen that causes respiratory illness, remains
an important global health threat because of the significant morbidity and mortality
rates of people infected with the virus annually. The influenza virus undergoes frequent
antigenic variation, and with the increasing frequency of resistant influenza strains
against existing antiviral drugs, there is an urgent need for the development of new anti-
influenza treatment strategies. Peptides have the potential to offer high potency, selectivity,
and relatively low drug resistance. As such, the design and screening of novel anti-
influenza virus peptides with high potency have become increasingly important in an
effort to fight global influenza epidemics. Herein, we introduce three approaches to developing
anti-influenza virus peptides: discovery from natural products, library construction
for antiviral peptide screening, and rational design based on functional regions of influenza
viral proteins. This review summarizes recent progress in the discovery and design
of anti-influenza virus peptides over the past 20 years.
Unraveling Neurological Drug Delivery: Polymeric Nanocarriers for Enhanced Blood-Brain Barrier Penetration
Authors: Inamdar Aparna , Gurupadayya Bannimath , Halagali Praveen , Tippavajhala Vamshi Krishna , Khan Farhan , Pathak Rashmi , Sharma Himanshu
Published: November 2024

Treating neurological illnesses is challenging because the blood-brain barrier hinders
therapeutic medications from reaching the brain. Recent advances in polymeric nanocarriers (PNCs),
which improve medication permeability across the blood-brain barrier, may influence therapy
strategies for neurological diseases. PNCs have several ways to deliver medications to the nervous
system. This review article provides a summary of the parts and manufacturing methods involved
in making PNCs. Additionally, it highlights the elements that result in PNCs having enhanced
blood-brain barrier penetration. A combination of passive and active targeting strategies is used
by PNCs intended to overcome the blood-brain barrier. Among these are micellar structures, nanogels,
nanoparticles, cubosomes, and dendrimers. These nanocarriers, which are functionalized
with certain ligands that target BBB transporters, enable the direct delivery of drugs to the brain.
Mainly, the BBB prevents medications from entering the brain. Understanding the BBB's physiological
and anatomical characteristics is necessary to get over this obstacle. Preclinical and clinical
research demonstrates the safety and effectiveness of these PNCs, and their potential use in the
treatment of neurological illnesses, including brain tumors, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's
disease, is discussed. Concerns that PNCs may have about their biocompatibility and possible
toxicity are also covered in this review article. This study examines the revolutionary potential of
PNCs in CNS drug delivery, potential roadblocks, ongoing research, and future opportunities for
PNC design progress. PNCs open the door to more focused and efficient treatment for neurological
illnesses by comprehending the subtleties of BBB penetration.
KIAA1429 Promotes Keloid Formation Through the TGF-Β1/Smad Pathway
Authors: Ren Shuai , Ji Yingchang , Wang Mengmeng , Ye Maodong , Huang Lvdong , Cai Xiangna
Published: November 2024

Background:

Keloid formation is characterized by excessive production of
extracellular matrix, leading to dysregulated fibroproliferative collagen response. N6-
methyl-adenosine (m6A) modification plays an essential role in this process.

Objective:

Our objective in this study was to explore the mechanism of m6A
methyltransferase KIAA1429 in keloid formation.

Methods:

We examined the impact of m6A methyltransferase KIAA1429 on keloid
formation using qRT-PCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence, Transwell migration
assay, and MeRIP-qPCR.

Results:

KIAA1429 was downregulated in keloid tissue. Overexpression of KIAA1429
suppressed fibroblast migration and reduced COL1A1 and α-SMA levels. Conversely,
the knockdown of KIAA1429 promoted fibroblast migration and COL1A1 and α-SMA
levels. Additionally, overexpression of KIAA1429 inhibited the TGF-β1/Smad pathway.
Mechanistic experiments suggested that KIAA1429 regulated TGF-β1 m6A
modification, maintained TGF-β1 mRNA stability, and participated in the regulation of
keloid formation. Furthermore, TGF-β1 could reverse the effects of KIAA1429
overexpression on fibroblast migration and collagen deposition.

Conclusion:

Taken together, our study suggested that KIAA1429 promoted keloid
formation through the TGF-β1/Smad pathway, providing new insights for the treatment
of keloid.
Emerging Applications of Medical Nanorobots in Health Care: Current Trends and Future Prospects
Authors: Swain Surya Kanta , Sahu Prafulla Kumar , Jena Bikash Ranjan , Acharya Biswajeet
Published: November 2024

Medical nanorobots and nanobots are at the forefront of therapy and
diagnostics, potentially improving human health by enabling previously inaccessible
treatments. This review explores critical issues concerning the design, components,
signaling, structure, and roles of nanorobots and nanobots while elucidating the
distinctions between microrobots and nanorobots or microrobotics and nanorobotics as
well. By complementing traditional medical procedures, nanorobotic technology offers
a rapid, safe, and potentially beneficial pathway toward early clinical applications. It
finds numerous applications in both current and future pharmacological and medical
advancements. The current and future applications of various nanorobots, such as
DNA origami nanorobots, nucleic acid robots, microbivore nanorobots, respirocyte
nanorobots, and orthodontic nanorobots, are briefly discussed. In the future, nanobots
will likely be prominently featured in hospitals and pharmacies for individuals or
specialized groups with specific needs. Continuous innovation and improvement of
these technologies, addressing these technical challenges, will broadly advance
research in micro/nanorobotics for medical diagnosis and treatment.
Upadacitinib and Cardiovascular Adverse Events in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Omidi Fatemeh , Delkash Parisa , Nasiri Mohammad Javad , Mirsaeidi Mehdi
Published: November 2024

Background:

Upadacitinib, a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor used in rheumatoid arthritis
treatment, has prompted safety concerns due to potential cardiovascular adverse events. However,
current evidence does not provide a definitive conclusion.

Methods:

We conducted a comprehensive systematic review of the literature up until March 15,
2024, utilizing databases like PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL. A meta-analysis
approach was used to derive pooled odds ratios (OR) along with their 95% confidence intervals
(CI) to assess the cardiovascular risk associated with upadacitinib. Publication bias was evaluated
using Begg's and Egger's tests.

Results:

Our meta-analysis included six studies with a total of 4,202 participants. For the 15 mg
dosage of Upadacitinib, the pooled OR was 1.20 (95% CI: 0.3-4.3), indicating a nominal, non-significant
increase in the risk of cardiovascular adverse events. Analysis of the 30 mg dosage presented
a pooled OR of 2.37 (95% CI: 0.6-9.1), pointing to a higher, yet statistically insignificant,
potential risk. The absence of publication bias was confirmed through Begg's and Egger’s tests.

Conclusion:

The analysis suggests a potential heightened cardiovascular risk associated with Upadacitinib,
more so with the 30 mg dosage. Nevertheless, the lack of statistical significance and the
wide confidence intervals necessitate a prudent approach to these findings. Tailored treatment
strategies, rigorous monitoring, and further empirical studies are crucial for refining the safety profile
of upadacitinib and ensuring optimal patient outcomes.
Exploring the Role of Rho Kinase Enzyme in the Management of Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Jain Smita , Paliwal Ajita
Published: November 2024

Rho kinase [ROCK] enzymes are increasingly recognized for their central role in the
pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome [MetS], a cluster of conditions that includes insulin resistance,
hypertension, obesity, and dyslipidemia. ROCKs are serine/threonine kinases involved in the regulation
of various cellular functions, including smooth muscle contraction, actin cytoskeleton organization,
and gene expression. These enzymes are critically implicated in the cardiovascular and metabolic
abnormalities that characterize MetS. Elevated ROCK activity has been observed in individuals
with MetS, contributing to several pathogenic processes such as endothelial dysfunction, vascular
inflammation, oxidative stress, and increased vascular smooth muscle contraction. These mechanisms
are key drivers of hypertension and atherosclerosis, which are common complications associated
with MetS. Moreover, ROCKs influence adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism, linking
them directly to obesity and insulin resistance, two core components of the syndrome. The inhibition
of ROCKs has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for managing MetS. Pharmacological
ROCK inhibitors have shown the potential to improve insulin sensitivity, lower blood pressure, and
reduce vascular inflammation and remodelling. In addition, by targeting the multiple pathways involved
in the development and progression of MetS, ROCK inhibitors offer a comprehensive approach
to treatment that addresses the syndrome's multifactorial nature. This therapeutic strategy not
only mitigates the metabolic and cardiovascular components of the syndrome but also lowers the
risk of associated complications, such as cardiovascular disease and stroke. This review concluded
that interrupted Rho kinase activity contributes to the development of MetS in all its manifestations.
Overall, these side effects diminish the Rho-kinase method's promise as a novel and significant
treatment component.
Parkinson's Disease: Unravelling the Medicinal Perspectives and Recent Developments of Heterocyclic Monoamine Oxidase-B Inhibitors
Authors: Rana Neha , Grover Parul
Published: November 2024

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by slow movement
(bradykinesia), tremors, and muscle stiffness. These symptoms occur due to the degeneration of dopamine-
producing neurons in the substantia nigra region of the brain, leading to reduced dopamine
levels. The development of Parkinson's Disease (PD) involves a combination of genetic and environmental
factors. PD is associated with abnormal regulation of the monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzyme.
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are an important class of drugs used to treat PD and
other neurological disorders. In the early stages of PD, monotherapy with MAO-B inhibitors has
been shown to be both safe and effective. These inhibitors are also commonly used as adjuncts in
long-term disease management, as they can improve both motor and non-motor symptoms, reduce
"OFF" periods, and potentially slow disease progression. However, current MAO-B inhibitors come
with side effects like dizziness, nausea, vomiting, light-headedness, and fainting. Therefore, accelerating
the development of new MAO-B inhibitors with fewer side effects is crucial. This review explores
natural compounds that may inhibit monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), focusing on key findings
from the past seven years. It highlights the most effective heterocyclic compounds against
MAO-B, including thiazolyl hydrazone, pyridoxine-resveratrol, pyridazine, isoxazole, oxadiazole,
benzothiazole, benzoxazole, coumarin, caffeine, pyrazoline, piperazine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, and
morpholine derivatives. The review covers in vitro, in silico, and in vivo data, along with the structure-
activity relationship of these compounds. These findings offer valuable insights for the development
of more effective MAO-B inhibitors and advancements in Parkinson's disease research.
Recent Progress on Air, Liquid, PCM, Heat Pipe, and Hybrid Modes of Thermal Management in Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: P S Arjun , Perumal D. Arumuga , P Rajesh Kanna
Published: November 2024

This study emphasises lithium-ion batteries, which have been the subject of extensive
research due to their wide range of benefits, including extended life cycle, minimal discharge, and
high energy density. However, the temperature sensitivity of the batteries presents a notable obstacle
that can negatively impact their performance and longevity when operating under extreme conditions.
To overcome this challenge, implementing an effective battery thermal management system
(BTMS) is imperative. Battery thermal management is crucial for ensuring the safety and longevity
of lithium-ion batteries, especially in high-demand applications like electric vehicles. This
comprehensive review explores a variety of BTMS technologies, including air-cooling methods,
liquid-cooling techniques, heat pipes, and PCM materials. While air-cooled BTMS is a safe and
straightforward design, its lower heat capacity and thermal efficiency limit its use to low-capacity
batteries. However, forced air-cooled BTMS is an excellent solution for high charging/discharging
rates, as air flows through channels within the battery packs to optimize cooling. Liquid-cooled
BTMS also shows promise, although designers must ensure the sealing cover is secure to prevent
leaks. Heat pipes (HP) offer a unique approach to controlling battery temperature, while Phase
change materials (PCM) thermal management is notable for its ability to absorb significant heat by
latent heat. Hybrid cooling combines fins, nanofluids, PCM, and microchannels-based cooling and
can significantly enhance battery performance under high charging/discharging rates. Furthermore,
lithium-ion batteries are extensively used in various applications, including the Electric vehicle industry.
Keeping the lithium-ion battery temperature within the optimal range is important and is accomplished
by a suitable BTMS. Different methods, such as air cooling, Liquid cooling, Heat pipe,
and PCM materials, are used in BTMS. An effective thermal management system and efficient battery
model are absolutely necessary. Each of the techniques in BTMS has its own benefits and
drawbacks. The effectiveness of thermal management configurations and methods can vary. Thus,
evaluating performance and optimal configuration is crucial before implementation.
Recent Advances on Oximes Derivatives: Green Catalysis and Various Synthetic Routes
Authors: Jebli Nejib , Gupta Girish Kumar
Published: November 2024

Nitrogen-containing acyclic, cyclic, and heterocyclic compounds and their derivatives
have received increasing attention as a source of therapeutic agents. Oximes are an interesting class
of Nitrogen-containing compounds possessing a wide variety of applications. Over the last decade,
the interest in oximes and their derivatives has intensified. Many oxime derivatives using several
preparation methods have been developed and evaluated for their biological activities. Due to their
importance, oximes are subjected to many chemical transformations with the use of different chemicals
to obtain numerous new derivatives. As a part of the continuing interest in oxime derivatives, we
aim in this review to explore the green chemistry principles for the synthesis of oxime derivatives, as
it offers promising pathways to more sustainable synthesis techniques that minimize waste and energy
consumption and avoid hazardous methods. Additionally, it could inspire and stimulate researchers
from various disciplines, such as chemists, biologists, and materials scientists to explore new
applications for oximes derivatives.
Advancements in Colloidosome Fabrication, Functionalization, and Applications: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Komal  , Singh Lovekesh
Published: November 2024

Among the recent developments in the field of microcapsules, colloidosomes microcapsules
made of colloidal particles have elicited much interest in promising perspectives in microencapsulation
technologies. First reported by Dinsmore et al., these structures hold a lot of potential
in different areas of application, which include gene delivery, targeting the brain, and tumor treatment.
However, the challenges associated with their permeability and stability limit the use of these
coatings. Nevertheless, these problems define colloidosomes as possessing some features of
protocells that include metabolic activities and response to stimuli, which make them significant
in synthetic biology and biomimetic systems. In drug delivery, colloidosomes have the potential
of providing solubility, stability, and a controlled rate of drug release, which will have an impact
on the therapeutic use of drugs. Fabrication of colloidosomes is done in many ways, and the common
ones include the mulsion strategy, layer adsorption, and microfluidics strategy. Some of these
fabrication techniques have been investigated in the recent past to determine how their application
can lead to enhanced colloidosome characteristics. Some of these methods include spray drying,
sol-gel processes, and electrostatic assembly. For example, the study by Payizila Zulipiker et
al. showed that different levels of permeability are controllable through the use of spray drying
technology. Another study by Jia Jia et al. presented the preparation of pH-responsive colloidosomes
and the high efficiency of encapsulation. Consequently, improvements in the manufacturing
process and new self-assembly technologies that include microfluidics systems have also improved
the creation of colloidosomes. New advancements in the field of colloidosome synthesis,
as well as their surface modification, will open up numerous application prospects in the fields of
pharmaceutics, regenerative medicine, and bioinspired materials science. New trends range from
3D printing to stimuli-responsive materials and design, as well as hybrid systems that are application-
specific. Despite the difficulties that remain to be faced, colloidosomes represent an extraordinary
opportunity for the growth of biotechnology and materials science to open the path to new
generations of drugs and bioinspired applications.
Comparative Dissolution Study of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride-sustained Release Tablets by Using Carbopol-934 and Guar Gum Polymers
Authors: Mollick Mirazuddin , Ashique Sumel , Bhowmick Mithun , Rahaman Syed Mustafizur , Bhowmick Pratibha , Katari Shreyasi
Published: November 2024

Aims:

This study aimed to identify the potential release of the drug from the tablet dosage
form using Carbopol-934 and Guar Gum polymers at different concentration ratios.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to determine the cumulative percentage of ciprofloxacin
hydrochloride released from different polymers.

Method:

We formulated ciprofloxacin hydrochloride sustained-release tablets with Carbopol-934
and Guar gum using the wet granulation method. For the formulation of sustained-release ciprofloxacin
hydrochloride tablets, both polymers were mixed in varying ratios. The tablets were examined
for pre-formulation studies, including the angle of repose, bulk density, compressibility index, and
physiological properties, such as variations in weight, friability, and drug content. For postformulation
studies, such as the in vitro study, the in vitro release of the drugs was evaluated in a
phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4) for 8 h. However, the physiological properties of ciprofloxacin
hydrochloride tablets were limited due to their liberality.

Results:

The tablets containing guar gum (Batches B-I and B-II) showed better drug content than
other polymer-based batches, such as Carbopol-934 (Batch A-I, A-II) and a mixture of both polymer
Carbopol-934 and Guar gum (Batch C-I, C-II). Sustained drug release was observed in the guar gum
polymer-based tablets (Batch B-II). It was observed that the dissolution profile of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride
tablets formed using different polymers showed an increase in the polymer ratio, which
can be related to the increase in drug release.

Conclusion:

From this study, we can conclude that the ciprofloxacin hydrochloride drug release
percentage was maximum when guar gum polymer was used in the tablet dosage form.
Physicochemical Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Murici Pulps (Byrsonima spp., Malpighiaceae) Sold in the Municipality of Santarém-PA, Brazil
Authors: Torres Carla Beatriz Dos Santos , Gonçalves Lucas Raphael Mourão , Azevedo Marcia Mourão Ramos , Lara Túlio Silva , Santana Marcos Diones , Bressan Cleo Rodrigo , Taube Paulo Sérgio
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

Murici is valued by the local population for its healing, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, which are attributed to its phenolic compounds and ca-rotenoids, although its quality and properties are not well-known. Objective: This research aimed to evaluate the quality of murici pulp (Byrsonima spp.) commercialized in some places of Santarém, Pará, Brazil.

Methods:

Murici pulp samples were collected in Santarém and Curuá, PA, between October 2022 and January 2023. The samples were packed in plastic containers and stored in a refriger-ated laboratory. Physicochemical analyses included pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, ash content, moisture, phenolic compounds, proteins, and sugars, following standard methods. Antioxidant activity was measured using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays.

Results:

Murici pulp pH ranged from 3.2 to 3.6, all within legal limits, indicating higher acidity suitable for consumption. Titratable acidity ranged from 15.89 to 63.57 meq kg⁻¹, meeting regu-latory standards. Ash content varied from 0.15% to 0.86%, moisture from 75.11% to 83.58%, and phenolic compounds from 2.73 to 3.64 mg GA g⁻¹. Significant statistical differences were observed in all analyses, highlighting the nutritional and antioxidant potential of the pulp.

Conclusion:

Murici pulp samples showed low sugar and starch concentrations but high total acidity and antioxidant capacity (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP). pH levels met legal standards, with significant variations due to ripeness and environmental factors. The study underscores murici's health benefits and quality variations influenced by environmental conditions and processing factors.

conclusion:

There were high values for antioxidant activity, all samples presented a pH value above the minimum value established by the equivalent legislation. In relation to soluble solids, only four samples obtained relatively low results, sugar analyzes demonstrated reduced values.