bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROTEIN FIMBRIA 16 kDa BAKTERI ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNIIDARI URIN PENDERITA INFEKSI SALURAN KEMIH BERPERAN SEBAGAI PROTEIN HEMAGLUTININ DAN ADHESIN
Authors: Noorhamdani Noorhamdani
Published: January 2017

Acinetobacter baumannii (Acb) is an opportunistic and nosocomial pathogen that ussualy found in clinical specimen fromÂ patients with intensive care. The pathogenic mechanism of this bacteria are not fully elucidated especially potentialÂ activity of its protein as hemaglutinin and adhesion molecul. The aim of this study is to evaluate the Â role of 16 kDaÂ fimbriae protein from urnary tract infection (UTI) patient as hemaglutinin and adhesion molecule. Usingexplorative designÂ this study was started by isolation Acb bacteria from urine of patient that had been determine as UTI clinically andÂ laboratory. After identification this bacteria by microbact system hemaglutination test and isolation Â of its fimbriae fraction,Â 12.5% SDS-PAGE had been used to isolated fimbriae protein, following assay in vitro to adhesion test..The studyÂ showed that the 16 kDa fimbriae protein of Acb bacteria was a hemaglutinin protein that could agglutinate 0.5% miceÂ erythrocytes (1/32), and human blood group O erythrocytes (1/8). Hemaglutination test were negative onerythrocytesÂ from rat, guinea pig, sheep, and human blood group A, B. The 16 kDa fimbriae protein (AF16) was also adhesion proteinÂ that had been revealed by its activity to adherenceto receptor of mice enterocytes. The increasing dose of AF16Â molecules will decrease the amount of Acb bacteria to adherence to enterocytes (p<0.05). The fimbriae of Acb is maybeÂ classified P type.Â Key words:Acinetobacter baumannii, fimbriae, hemaglutinin protein, adhesion protein
PENGARUH CURCUMIN TERHADAP KADAR KOLESTEROL TOTAL, LDL-KOLESTEROL, JUMLAH F2 -ISOPROSTAN, DAN SEL BUSA (FOAM CELL) DINDING AORTA PADA TIKUS DENGAN DIET ATEROGENIK
Authors: Fikriah Ika , Kalim Handono , Dradjat Respati Suryanto
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTÂ Death Â caused Â by Â cardiovascular Â and Â cerebrovascular diseases Â are Â still Â the Â highest. Â Atherosclerosis Â due Â toÂ hypercholesterolemia is a predispositioning factor of both diseases. Curcumin has an antioxidant character that can inhibitÂ lipid peroxidase to atherogenesis process. The aim of this study was to observe the effect of curcumin in decreasing totalÂ cholesterol level, LDL-cholesterol, the number of Â F2-isoprostan and foam cell of aortaâ€™s wall of white rats strain wistarÂ after giving atherogenic diet for 10 weeks. There were 6 groups in this study (n=24): atherogenic diet group (group I asÂ positive control), atherogenic diet group + curcumin 50 mg/kg b.w. per day (group II), atherogenic diet group + curcuminÂ 100 mg/kg b.w. per day (group III), atherogenic diet group + curcumin 200 mg/kg b.w. per day (group IV), atherogenic dietÂ group + curcumin 400 mg/kg b.w. per day (group V), normal diet group (group VI as negative control). After 10th, the levelÂ of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were measured by spectrofotometri. Staining F2-isoprostan was done with AvidinÂ Biotin Complex imunohystochemistry method, and staining foam cell with HE-oil Red O. The number of Â F2-isoprostanÂ and foam cells were counting semi quantitatively using Â light microscope. The highest total cholesterol level was found inÂ group I (275,15 Â± 10,01; Mean Â± SD), the highest LDL-cholesterol level was found in group I (158,15 Â± 12,19).Â Statistically total cholesterol level and LDL-cholesterol level in group I were significantly higher (p â‰¤ 0,05) than other
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENINGKATAN KADAR LEKOTRIEN B4 (LTB-4) DENGAN HIPOSELULARITAS SUMSUM TULANG (PENELITIAN PADA ASPIRAT SUMSUM TULANG)
Authors: Widjajanto Edi
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTÂ Previous study on human bone marrow culture showed that leukotrien B-4 (LTB-4) which was added to granulocyte-macrophage and erytroid colony, suppressed the growth of colonies. This study assessed the correlation between LTB-4Â and marrow cellular. Marrow aspirate which was taken from 60 adult patients (26 men and 34 women) suffering fromÂ various haematopoietic problems was examined for amount of LTB-4 and the degree of marrow cellular. ELISA principleÂ was applied for LTB-4 measurement and marrow cellular assessed by counting the member of nucleated cells per cubic-mm of marrow aspirate using microscopic counting chamber principle. Existing difference of the strength of correlation ofÂ LTB-4 Â and Â marrow Â cellular Â was Â analized Â using Â manova and Â path Â analysis Â and Â expressed Â as Â path Â coefficient.TheÂ difference of confounding factors such as gender, age and type of diseases (haematopoitic problems) were controlled andÂ homogenized during statistical analysis using SPSS 10 program. Path coefficient in the multi cellular marrow (n = 60) wasÂ â€“ 0.092 (p = 0.495) and path coefficient in hypo cellular marrow (n = 28) was â€“ 0.406 (p = 0.013). This study concludesÂ that the increase of amount of LTB-4 in hypo cellular marrow is associated with the decrease of marrow cellular.Â Keywords : Leukotrien B-4, Hypocelular marraw, Apoptosis, Hematopoisis
VAKSINASI BCG MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS FAGOSITOSIS DAN SEKRESI REACTIVE OXYGEN INTERMEDIATE (ROI) PADA MAKROFAG PERITONEUM KUCING YANG DIINFEKSI DENGAN Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Tjahajati Ida
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTÂ The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of BCG vaccination on phagocyte activity and ROI secretion in catÂ peritoneum macrophages which infected with M.tuberculosis. The experiment used twenty four healthy cats. The animalsÂ were divided in 2 groups, 12 cats in each group. Group I were vaccinated with BCG, group II were control group whichÂ unvaccinated. BCG vaccination was done twice in two weeks interval. Two days after vaccination each cat was infectedÂ by 105Â cfu M.tuberculosis intraperitoneally. The activity of macrophages were measured Â at 1st, 2nd, 12th, and 24th, afterÂ infection using in vitro latex bead phagocyte and NBT reduction assay. Three cats were used to measure the macrophageÂ activity in each period, using triplicate sample for each cat. The results of the experiment showed that the phagocyteÂ activity and ROI secretion increased significantly in vaccination group (P<0.01) compared with the control group, andÂ these activities reached to the plateau level at 2 weeks after infection. Although these enhanced activities were graduallyÂ diminished thereafter, higher levels of these activities were consistently observed until the end of experiment comparedÂ with control group. BCG vaccination increased the cellular immunity especially phagocyte and ROI secretion activities ofÂ peritoneual macrophages in cat infected with M.tuberculosisÂ Key words: BCG, phagocyte, ROI, M.tuberculosis, cat
PENINGKATAN KADAR LEPTIN DENGAN PUFA (Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid) MELALUI AKTIVASI PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR gamma (PPARÎ³) PADA KULTUR PREADIPOSIT KELINCI
Authors: Indra Muhammad Rasjad
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTÂ For the past three decades, PUFA has been recognized as importnant energy sources and cell membrane component.Â PUFA also plays key roles in many cellular events such as gene regulation and leptin activation. The role of this fatty acidÂ is still unknown especially in vitro. The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of PUFA of the corn oil inÂ increasing leptin concentration by PPARÎ³ activation. Preadipocyte culture from rabbit was incubated by PUFA of corn oil.Â PUFA have been given on doses 0, 4, 8 and 16 ÂµM. PPARÎ³ protein and leptin levels were analyzed by ELISA. PPARÎ³Â expression Â was Â analyzed Â by Â immunocytochemistry. Â The research Â result Â showed Â that Â every Â treatment Â has Â increasedÂ PPARÎ³ levels inconsistently. PPARÎ³ concentration increased significantly on 4 ÂµM PUFA treatment compared to control,Â 8 and 16 ÂµM PUFA of corn oil. But there were no significant difference between control and 8 ÂµM PUFA treatments.Â Leptin levels increased significantly between administration on 4 ÂµM PUFA and 16 ÂµM PUFA of corn oil administration.Â Leptin levels was not significantly different between control and 8 ÂµM PUFA. There was also strong correlation betweenÂ PPARÎ³ expression and leptin levels. PUFA of corn oil increases leptin levels through PPARÎ³ activation.Â Key words: PUFA, preadipocyte, leptin, PPARÎ³
PERBANDINGAN ANTARA PEMBERIAN ASAM FOLAT, EKSTRAK GINKGO BILOBA, DAN METHYL COBALAMIN TERHADAP INDEKS APOPTOSIS DAN EKSPRESI CASPASE 3 PADA INTOKSIKASI METANOL SEL GANGLION RETINA
Authors: Prayitnaningsih Seskoati , Sumarno Sumarno
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTÂ Permanent Â visual Â damage Â caused Â by Â methanol Â intoxication Â has Â been Â associated Â with Â prolonged Â exposures Â to Â bloodÂ formate Â concentrations. Â Formate Â accumulation Â disrupt Â mitochondrial Â energy Â production, Â which Â subsequently Â lead Â toÂ caspase 9, 3 activation and finally causes apoptosis. Â Folic acid (FA) has been used as adjunctive therapy to enhance theÂ rate Â of Â formate Â metabolism. Â Extract Â Ginkgo Â biloba Â (EGb) Â the Â most Â popular Â herbal Â therapy Â possess Â is Â antioxidant Â andÂ antiapoptotic capacity. On the other hand, Methyl cobalamin, a kind of endogenous co enzyme B 12 can promote nucleicÂ acid and protein synthesis. To compare the effect of FA, (EGb), and Methyl Cobalamin (MC) to Apoptotic Index (AI) andÂ Caspase 3 expression of Â retinal ganglion cell induced by methanol intoxication (MI). Experimental study was conductedÂ in Pharmacology and Biomedic laboratory of Brawijaya University for two weeks. Fifteen rats were included, and dividedÂ into five groups: (a) control, (b) Methanol Intoxication only, (c) Folic Acid 1 mg day per os, (d) Extract Ginkgo biloba 50Â mg/kb Â per Â os, Â and Â (e) Â Methyl Â Cobalamin Â 500 Â microgram/kg Â intraperitoneally Â for Â three Â days. Â MI Â were Â done Â by Â givingÂ methanol 4 g/kg in the first day, and 2 g/kg for two days after. Apoptotic Index and Caspase 3 expression were assessed
MANIFESTASI KLINIS DAN LABORATORIS PENDERITA SINDROMA GUILLAIN BARRE DI RUANG PERAWATAN ANAK RSU DR. SAIFUL ANWAR MALANG
Authors: Muid Masdar
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTÂ Guillain Barre Syndrome is one of the leading diseases from Acute Flaccid Paralysis after the decrease in poliomyelitis. InGuillain Barre Syndrome, the motoric muscles becomes weak and it could also attack the respiratory muscle which is lifethreatening to patients. The objective of this study is to report Guillain Barre Syndrome cases from June 1999 until June2005 based on the clinical manifestation and laboratory in children care unit of dr. Saiful Anwar hospital. In this researchthere were 38 Guillain Barre Syndrome cases which were diagnosed using the Gilroy and Meyer criteria. 22 patients(57,9%) Â were Â male, Â 16 Â patients Â (42,1%) Â were Â female. Â 18 Â patients Â (43,36%) Â were Â below Â 5 Â years Â of Â age, Â 13 Â patients(34,21%) were between 5 to 10 years of age and 7 patients (18,42%) were between the age of 10 to15 years. The mostcommon infection that precedes was upper respiratory infenction which amounts to 32 cases (84,21%). The latent phasebetween 8 to 14 days were 11 patients (28,94%) and 15 to 21 days were 22 patients (57,89%). The progresive phase 1 to7 days occured in 17 patients (44,73%), 8 to 14 days also in 17 patients (44,73%).The clinical features were paresthesiasfollowed by weakness to 23 patients (60,52%) and weakness only in 15 patients (39,47%). The pattern of weakness bytetraparese Â in Â 5 Â patients Â (13,15%) Â and Â paraparese Â in Â 33 Â patients Â (86,84%). Â The Â distribution Â of Â weakness Â was Â more
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MELATARBELAKANGI MOTIVASI SESEORANG UNTUK MENGGUNAKAN SUNTIKAN SILICONE CAIR DI MALANG TAHUN 2001
Authors: Asmika Asmika , Chuluq Chusnul , Sutrisnani Catur Suci
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTÂ Recently it has been reported that some women have suffered from illness complication as the effect of the use the liquidÂ silicone to beautify themselves. Knowledge deprivation and eagerness to achieve complete beauty in an easy and cheapÂ way makes them undertake a short cut which is getting the injection. The research is intended to know some factorsÂ underlying a personâ€™s motivation to use liquid silicone injection in Malang in 2001. The research was a descriptive crossÂ sectional method. The population was person who use liquid silicone injection in Malang 2001, this assume were 20Â persons during the research (June â€“ December 2001). This research showed that 15 respondents (75 %) of the samplesÂ knew the benefits of liquid silicone injection but did not know the effect of the injection, the education of this respondentsÂ were secondary and tertiary level 13 respondents (65 %), 6 respondents (30 %) of the sample working as beauticians, 6Â respondents (30 %) of the samples having salary Â Rp. 250.000,00 - Rp.500.000,00 per month, Â 9 respondents (45 %) ofÂ the samples feeling more beautiful and self confident after getting liquid silicone injection, 6 respondents (30 %) of theÂ samples getting family permission, 12 respondents (60 %) of the samples having a social network to use the injection, 5Â respondents (25 %) of the samples getting secondary health services and 4 respondents (20 %) of the samples getting
VAKSINASI BCG MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS FAGOSITOSIS DAN SEKRESI REACTIVE OXYGEN INTERMEDIATE (ROI) PADA MAKROFAG PERITONEUM KUCING YANG DIINFEKSI DENGAN Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Tjahajati Ida
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTÂ The aim of this experiment is to study the effect of BCG vaccination on phagocyte activity and ROI secretion in catÂ peritoneum macrophages which infected with M.tuberculosis. The experiment used twenty four healthy cats. The animalsÂ were divided in 2 groups, 12 cats in each group. Group I were vaccinated with BCG, group II were control group whichÂ unvaccinated. BCG vaccination was done twice in two weeks interval. Two days after vaccination each cat was infectedÂ by 105 cfu M.tuberculosis intraperitoneally. The activity of macrophages were measured Â at 1st, 2nd, 12th, and 24th, afterÂ infection using in vitro latex bead phagocyte and NBT reduction assay. Three cats were used to measure the macrophageÂ activity in each period, using triplicate sample for each cat. The results of the experiment showed that the phagocyteÂ activity and ROI secretion increased significantly in vaccination group (P<0.01) compared with the control group, andÂ these activities reached to the plateau level at 2 weeks after infection. Although these enhanced activities were graduallyÂ diminished thereafter, higher levels of these activities were consistently observed until the end of experiment comparedÂ with control group. BCG vaccination increased the cellular immunity especially phagocyte and ROI secretion activities ofÂ peritoneual macrophages in cat infected with M.tuberculosisÂ Key words: BCG, phagocyte, ROI, M.tuberculosis, cat
HIPERHOMOSISTEINEMIA SEBAGAI RISIKO PENYAKIT JANTUNG KORONER
Authors: Astoni Muhamad Ayus , Irawan Bambang
Published: January 2017

The elevation of total plasma homocysteine is associated with increase of risk for cardiovascular disease,Â cerebrovascular disease, and atherothrombosis in peripheral arteries. Several prospective and retrospective studies hadÂ conformed the positive association between hyperhomocysteinemia and risk for cardiovascular disease. However, itÂ whether hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent riskfactor for cardiovascular disease associated with Â the others riskÂ factors still become a question. The aim of this study was to identify the association between hyperhomocysteinemia andÂ increased risk for cardiovascular disease. A matched case-control study based on 50 consecutive adult Â patients agedÂ more than 18 years old who admitted in Dr. SardjitoGeneral Hospital by first acute coronary syndrome.Fifty comparisonÂ control subjects were randomly selected age and gender group-matched patients admitted caused by conditions otherÂ than cardiovascular disease to the same hospital. Each case was enrolled, and comparison subject was randomlyÂ selected. Fasting blood samples for homocysteine were obtained from both groups. Chi square test, McNemar chi squareÂ test, and independent t test had been used in univariate analysis. Confounding factors had been analysed using
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK BIJI JINTEN HITAM (Nigella sativa) TERHADAP KADAR GSH, MDA, JUMLAH SERTA FUNGSI SEL MAKROFAG ALVEOLAR PARU TIKUS WISTAR YANG DIPAPAR ASAP ROKOK KRONIS
Authors: Marwan Marwan , Widjajanto Edi , Karyono Setyawati
Published: January 2017

Cigarette smoke is the main risk factor of chronic Â obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Several studies about COPDÂ has focused on the oxidative stress in lung. Oxidative stress was related to inactivation of antiprotease enzymes, airwayÂ epithelial destruction and proinflammatory genes expression. Antioxidant may useful for treatment of COPD. Black seedÂ (Nigela sativa) studies have showed that black seedhas antioxidant activity. The aim of this research Â was to prove thatÂ black seed crude extract can protect wistar rat lung from oxidative stress which was caused by chroniccigarette smokeÂ exposure. This experimental research used randomizedcomplete design with control group. Thirty wistar strain of RattusÂ novergicus, 2.5 to 3 months old, 150 â€“ 250 grams ofweight were divided into five groups. First group Â was used asÂ negative control group (without any treatment), second group as positive control group (only cigarettesmoke exposureÂ treatment), third group as cigarette smoke exposureand black seed crude extract dose 0.6 gr/kilogram Â of bodyÂ weight/day (group A), cigarette smoke exposure and Â black seed crude extract dose 1.2 gr/kilogram of body weight/dayÂ (group B) and cigarette smoke exposure and black seed crude extract dose 2.4 gr/kilogram of body weight/day (group C).Â After 3 months five parameters were measured in this research.
PERBEDAAN EFEKTIFITAS PEMBERIAN VITAMIN E 100 IU DENGAN ASPIRIN 81 MG UNTUK PENCEGAHAN PREEKLAMSIA PADA PRIMIGRAVIDA
Authors: Baktiyani Siti Candra Windu , Wahjud Imam
Published: January 2017

Preeclampsia is a specific disturbance of human pregnancy, that diagnosed by the onset of hypertension and proteinuriaÂ in the third trimester. It occurs more in developing countries, due to the fact that developed countries have better prenatalÂ care. The objective of this study was to assess the difference effectiveness of preventing preeclampsiaand giving vitaminÂ E 100 iu and aspirin 81 mg. This study used prospective with single randomaised clinical trial. The place of this study isÂ on Maternity care unit of RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang from October 2000 to October 2001. Fourty samplesÂ primigravidas between the age of 19-35 years were used in this study. Twenty four samples were treated Â with vitamin EÂ and 24 samples were treated with aspirin started atthe eighteenth weeks of pregnancy until delivery. Â The changes, ofÂ blood presure, albuminuri and oedema were observed.The result showed that during the observation the incidence rateÂ of mild preeclampsia of vitamin E was 4 samples or(16,7%), mild preeclampsia was 1 sample or (14,2%)by the time ofÂ the normal delivery. On the other hand, the mild preeclampsia of the control group of aspirin was 3 samples or (12,5%)Â and mild preeklampsia was 2 samples or (8,3%) at Â the normal delivery. There is no significant difference inÂ preeclampsia occurance between vitamin E and aspirin group.Â Key words: Vitamin E, Aspirin, preeclampsia
PERBEDAAN POLA RESISTENSI Staphylococcus koagulase negatifISOLAT DARAH TERHADAP ANTIBIOTIKA DI RSU Dr SAIFUL ANWAR MALANG TAHUN 2000-2001 DENGAN 2004-2005
Authors: Dzen Sjoekoer M. , Santoso Sanarto , Roekistiningsih Roekistiningsih , Santosaningsih Dewi
Published: January 2017

Coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) are the common bacterias causing hospital-acquired infection manifested asÂ bacteremia. The antibiotics therapy against bacterial infection is mostly empiric, whereas the bacterial pattern and itsÂ sensitivity to antibiotics differ between region and from year to year. The objective of this study wasto determine theÂ changes of prevalence and antibiotics sensitivity pattern of CoNS, the etiologic agent of bacteremia in patientsÂ hospitalised in Dr.Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang. Culture and antibiotic sensitivity test wereperformed on 650Â and 1063 blood samples during the year of 2000-2001and 2004-2005 respectively in the Laboratory of Microbiology,Â Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University / Dr.Saiful Anwar General Hospital in Malang following NCCLS Â 1997.Â ChiSquare test was used to analysed of data. The result of this study revealed that the CoNS was the most isolate foundÂ in the blood samples and its resistance to beta lactam antibiotics tends to increase statistically.Â Key words:Coagulase negative staphylococci, antibiotics sensitivity pattern
KEGAGALAN KEHAMILAN AKIBAT INFEKSI Toxoplasma gondiiGALUR RH DIPICU OLEH OVERPRODUKSI INTERFERON GAMMA (IFNÎ³ Î³Î³ Î³)
Authors: Sardjono Teguh Wahju
Published: January 2017

It has been already known that transplacental infiltration of parasites occurred during Toxoplasma infection in pregnancy;Â but pregnancy failures may due to some other previous mechanisms. Eighty BALB/c female mice were monogamouslyÂ mated than devided into three pairs of study groupsand a pair of control group. On Day 9thpost mating, three pairs ofÂ study groups were intra-peritoneally infected by 10, 50 and 100 tachyzoites of RH strain Toxoplasma gondii, and theÂ control groups were injected by PBS. Effect of treatment on the plasma level of IFNÎ³(ELISA) and number of litters wereÂ evaluated on the day 12thand day 15th-16th, represented second and third period of pregnancy.ANOVA and Path AnalysisÂ showed that duration of infection and the increase Â of plasma IFNÎ³ level decreased number of litters with coefficients ofÂ path of (-0,269; p=0,005) and (-0,377; p= 0,002) respectively. Decreasing number of litters was due toIFNÎ³overproduction, as response against RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii infection. This study showed that pregnancy failureÂ in Toxoplasma infection is more due to indirect immuno-biochemical aspects rather than direct parasitological aspect.Â More studies to explain the basic molecular and immunological mechanisms of pregnancy failure in toxoplasmosis are stillÂ needed.Â Key words:Toxoplasmosis, IFNÎ³-overproduction, pregnancy failure
HUBUNGAN ANTARA HbA1c DAN KADAR LIPID SERUM DENGAN DERAJAT BERAT RETINOPATI DIABETIKA
Authors: Refa Safaruddin , Dewi Nadia Artha
Published: January 2017

Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness in industrial world and is rapidly becoming an important cause inÂ developing countries. Many factors related with theseverity of diabetic retinopathy, such as HbA1c and serum lipid. TheÂ study wants to know whether those factors have any Â correlation with the severity of diabetic retinopathy or not. TheÂ objective this study was to determine the correlation between HbA1c and serum lipid with the severity Â of diabeticÂ retinopathy. An analytic cross sectional observational research had been done at Saiful Anwar hospital. The samplesÂ (diabetic retinopaty patients) were taken with consecutive sampling. These patient underwent funduscopy, fundusÂ photography, laboratory examination including HbA1c, serum lipid (total serum cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides), andÂ blood glucose. These patient were questioned about risk factors previously determined by the authors. The laboratoryÂ findings were thease are compared to the severity of diabetic retinopathy.
PROFIL LAMA DIARE PADA ANAK DENGAN PEMBERIAN MINYAKKELAPA MURNI
Authors: Kusuma Rahma J.
Published: January 2017

Diarrhea in children is still one of the ten major Â diseases in chirldren. Diarrhea can cause undernutrition, while theÂ undernutrition itself can also cause diarrhea. Until the year of 2000, the prevalence of diarrhe had been decreased, butÂ due to multidimentional crisis it increased up to 27.5% in 2003. Giving the drugs which directly stop Â the diarrhea are notÂ recommended, while knowing the definite cause of diarrehea to find the causative treatment still needsseveral days.Â Virgin coconut oil (VCO) which contained medium chain saturated fitty acid was used because of its contains of lauricÂ acid and capriac acid, which had antibacterial, antiviral and antiprotozoal action. It also could increase nutritionalÂ absorbtion without using enzyme. This longitudinal study was done to know the the profile of duration of diarrhea inÂ children who treated with VCO as an alternative therapy without waiting for laboratory result. Among 42 children under 5Â years old who observed in this study, 37 and 5 of them were suffered of acute and chronic diarrhea respectively.
PENGHAMBATAN AKTIFASI NFÎº ÎºÎº ÎºB OLEH CAPE (CAFFEIC ACID PHENETHYL ESTER), KOMPONEN AKTIF MADU LEBAH (HONEYBEE HIVES),PADA HUVECâ€™S (HUMAN UMBILICAL VEIN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS) YANG DIPAPAR LDL TEROKSIDASI
Authors: Rohman Mohammad Saifur , Rastini Endah Kusuma , Sarbini Dwi , A W Titi , Widodo Widodo , Sargowo Djanggan
Published: January 2017

The high prevalence of cardiovascular morbidity and Â mortality caused by complication of atherosclerosisneeds anÂ optimal effort to prevent the atherosclerosis progression and complication. Atherogenesis is a chronicinflammatoryÂ process which could be prevented via the inhibitionof NFÎºB, a known key transcription factor involved in inflammatoryÂ process. An active component of honeybee hives, CAPE (Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester), is believed to inhibitÂ inflammatory process via the inhibition of NFÎºB activation. However, it remains uncertain whetherCAPE inhibits NFÎºBÂ activation in endothelial cells. This study therefore was aimed to examine the molecular mechanism of CAPE mediatedÂ NFÎºB inactivation in OxLDL-treated HUVECâ€™s. Immunohistochemistry using p50 antibody was applied to detecttheÂ migration of NFÎºB (p50-p65 complex) from inactive form in cytoplasmto active form in nucleus.
DIET ATEROGENIK PADA TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus novergicus strain Wistar) SEBAGAI MODEL HEWAN ATEROSKLEROSIS
Authors: Murwani Sri , Ali Mulyohadi , Muliartha Ketut
Published: January 2017

Atherosclerosis is still a major health problem, because 20% of death in the world is caused by atherosclerosis diseasesÂ like stroke and myocardial infarct. One of animal models that was successful in atherosclerosis research was NewÂ Zealand white rabbit. The purpose of this preliminary research was to determine the atherogenic diet ofwhite rats (RattusÂ novergicus strain Wistar) as animal model of atherosclerosis especially to find fixed composition and time of theÂ atherogenic diet taken.This research used male; 2 months age, 150-200 grams body weight of white rats RattusÂ novergicus strain Wistar. The rats were divided into5 groups in equal number, 4 rats respectively. Theywere a negativeÂ control group without diet treatment and 4 groups as treatment groups which were given hipercholesterol diet.Â Atherogenic diet composed of PAR-S, wheat flour, cholesterol, cholic acid, pork oil and water. Data were obtained byÂ measuring of blood cholesterol level and foam cell formation.
DASAR GENETIK OBESITAS VISERAL
Authors: Indra Muhammad Rasjad
Published: January 2017

Obesity is defined as an excess proportion of totalbody fat. Nearly 40 million adults in the United States can be definedÂ as obese. There are several indexes used to assess Â obesity. The most common measure of obesity is the body massÂ index (BMI). Obesity occurs when a person's calorieintake exceeds the amount of energy he or she burns. Obesity tendsÂ to run in families, suggesting that it may have a genetic cause. However, family members share not only genes but alsoÂ diet and lifestyle habits that may contribute to obesity. Separating these lifestyle factors from genetic ones is often difficult.Â Still, growing evidence points to heredity as a strong determining factor of obesity. In one study of Â adults who wereÂ adopted as children, researchers found that their subjects' adult weights were closer to their biological parents' weightsÂ than to their adoptive parents'. The environment provided by the adoptive family apparently had less influence on theÂ development of obesity than the person's genetic makeup. Although genes are an important factor in many cases ofÂ obesity, a person's environment also plays a significant part. Psychological factors may also influence eating habits.Â Many people eat in response to negative emotions such as boredom, sadness, or anger.Â Key words:Genetic, Obesity, visceral
EFEK HAMBATAN EKSTRAK DAUN CEPLUKAN (Physalis minima L)TERHADAP KONTRAKTILITAS OTOT POLOS USUS HALUS TERPISAH MARMUT DENGAN STIMULASI METAKOLIN EKSOGEN
Authors: Tarannita Citra , Permatasari Nur , Sudiarto Sudiarto
Published: January 2017

Physalis sp. has lots of merits as a kind of traditional medicine and one of them is its function as an alternatif treatment forÂ diarrhea. Physalis minima leaf contains alkoloid atropine which is assumed can inhibit the contractionof guinea pigâ€™sÂ isolated ileum smooth muscle. This research was to know the effect of Physalis minima leaf extract toward the contractionÂ of small intestine smooth muscle. This research was Â an experimental study using â€œThe Post Control GroupDesignâ€, andÂ guinea pigâ€™s isolated ileum as samples. The samples Â consisted of five guinea pigs, each sample was given four kinds ofÂ treatment. The control was given metacholine at the Â dose of 10Â -5Â without Physalis minima leaf extract. Before givingmetacholine at the dose of 10Â -5Â , the samples were given the first dosage of Physalis minima leaf extract (0.15%), theÂ second dose (0.30%) and the third dose (0.45%) so getting four graphs for each sample. The level of contraction wasÂ recorded by using kymograph. The result showed that Â the ileum contraction of the third group was inhibited (One WayÂ ANOVA, p=0.041), and there was a relation between the increasing dosage of Physalis minima leaf extract and theÂ decreasing ileum contraction (simple linear regression, with R=-0.608 p=0.04 and regression equation y=52.150 â€“Â 7.660x).
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN OX-LDL TERHADAP AKTIVASI NF-ÐºB DAN PPARÎ³ Î³Î³ Î³SERTA APOPTOSIS PADA KULTUR HUVECâ€™s
Authors: Riawan Wibi , Wibowati Samodijanti
Published: January 2017

Oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) causes activation and dysfunction of endothelial cells through NFÎºB activation after bindingÂ process of ox-LDL to LOX-1. One of ox-LDL components had been known as the activator of PPARÎ³. This study wasÂ done to see the effect of ox-LDL on NFÎºB and PPARÎ³activation and apoptosis of HUVECâ€™s culture. HUVECâ€™s cultureÂ was divided into 3 groups : control (without any treatment) and 2 groups which were treated with ox-LDL 25ug/mL andÂ 50ug/mL. Activation of NFÎºB and PPARÎ³were determined by immunodoublestaining using mouse monoclonal antiÂ NFÎºB and mouse monoclonal anti PPARÎ³after 30 minutes exposure of ox-LDL. The expression of TNFÎ±and apoptoticÂ cell were determined by immunodoublestaining using Â TUNEL fragmented DNA labeling and goat polyclonal anti humanÂ TNFÎ±after 24 hours exposure of ox-LDL. HUVECs culture that had been treated with 25 Â Âµg/ml and 50Âµg/ml of ox-LDL,Â showing activation of NFÎºB but not PPARÎ³. This treated endotel showed apoptotic characteristic which had conformedÂ with DNA fragmented. These cells also showed the increase of TNFÎ±expression on the cytoplasm. Ox-LDL couldÂ increase translocation of NFÎºB gen transcription to nucleus followed by the increase of TNFÎ±that can cause apoptoticÂ of the cells.Â Key words: ox - LDL, Endothel, NF-ÎºB, PPARÎ³, Apoptosis
POLIMORFISME ADENINE NUCLEOTIDE TRANSLOCATOR-2PADA POPULASI INDIVIDU NORMAL DAN LEBERâ€™S HEREDITARY OPTIC NEUROPATHY
Authors: Lyrawati Diana , Tambunan Krisna Bayu , Handoko Herlina Y , Sudoyo Herawati , Marzuki Sangkot
Published: January 2017

In this study we investigated the polymorphism of ANT2, an integral protein of mitochondrial inner-membrane, inÂ individuals of normal population and patients of a Â mitochondrial respiratory chain disease Leberâ€™s Hereditary OpticÂ Neuropathy (LHON). DNA sequencing analysis demonstrated that there were sequence variation in ANT2 namely baseÂ substitutions G332T, C699T, C1021T, insertion of C andT and deletion of A, C, and C at nucleotide 20, 1127, 1022, 1075Â and 1123, respectively (numbering based on mRNA sequence). The G332T resulted in amino acid change (R111L) andÂ was predicted to alter the hidrophobicity pattern of Ant2 protein. PCR-RFLP analysis with HhaI restriction enzyme showedÂ that both 111R and 111L variants were found in normal population of Caucasian, Chinese, Indonesian-Javanese,Â Mandar, Batak Toba and Papuan at different ratio (59%:41%, 61%:39%, 78%:22%, 64%:36%, 77%:23%, and 80%:20%Â respectively). Similar PCR-RFLP analysis was performed on samples of individuals carrying mtDNA mutation G11778AÂ with and without characteristic manifestation of LHON to determine whether the ANT2 polymorphism was associated withÂ clinical manifestation of mtDNA mutation. The data Â showed that the distribution of 111R and 111L between the twoÂ groups was different (Fischer Exact: Î±=0,05; P=0,0262). The ratio was 79,07%:20,93% in the group with typicalÂ manifestation of LHON and 56.52%:43.48% in the group without LHON manifestation. Inferred from the data, 111L mayÂ have protective effect against the manifestation ofLHON, whereas 111R may induce the manifestation ofLHON. FurtherÂ studies are warranted to clarify the potential roleof the polymorphism of R111L (G332T) of ANT2 as a nuclear modifier ofÂ the LHON G11778A mutations.Â Key words: Adenine nucleotide translocator; ANT2; polymorphism, Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KADAR ENZIM GLUTATION REDUKTASE DENGAN DERAJAT KEKERUHAN INTI LENSA
Authors: Sulistya T Budi , Dewi Debby Shintiya , Suyuti Hidayat , Sumarno Sumarno
Published: January 2017

The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the level of glutathione reductase [GR] in relation with theÂ severity of nuclear cataract and the increase of age. An analytic cross sectional observasional study Â of nuclear cataractÂ patient seen at Saiful Anwar Hospital and Mass Cataract Surgery performed by Perdami Malang was carried out.Â Patients were classified into 3 groups based on ageand 4 groups based on severity of nuclear cataract. The samplesÂ were taken by consecutive sampling and were operated on visual indication. The extracted lens were examined for [GR].Â The laboratory findings of [GR] were compared with the severity of senile cataract. The data were analyzed with one wayÂ ANOVA. Confidence limit was set at 95%. A total of Â 55 patients were included with the sample size in 40-50 age groupÂ less than estimation. The [GR] were found to be significanfly lower in the older age (p=0,01) and the more severe cataractÂ groups (p=0,00). The [GR] were also found to be significantly decreased with the increase of cataract severity in 40-50Â age group (p=0,00), 50-60 age group (p=0,01) and >60 age group (p=0,00). In the grade 2 cataract, there were noÂ significant difference of [GR] between age group (p=0.22). This also occured in grade 3 (p=0.23) while Â in the grade 4,Â there were significant difference between age group (p=0.01). This also occured in grade 5 (p=0.06).
EFEK PEMBERIAN MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-9 ( MMP- 9) RNA INTERFERENCE TERHADAP EKSPRESI MMP- 9 PADA KULTUR SEL ENDOTEL VASKULAR
Authors: Wulandari Lely Retno , Suyuti Hidayat , Dewi Nadia Artha , Refa Safaruddin
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTÂ Retinal neovascularization is the main problem that causes blindness in many types of eye desease. NeovascularizationÂ occurs in ischemic retina, and several important mediators that induce neovascularization is secreted by the surroundingÂ cell and endothelial cell vessels. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is an enzyme secreted by endothelial cell vessels and playsÂ an important role in the pathogenesis of retinal induce neovascularization. Vascular endothelial cells were cultured andÂ transfected with Matrix Metalloproteinase -9 RNA interference in two doses (100nM or 200nM) and the cells were taken atÂ 24, Â 48 Â and Â 72 Â hours. Â The Â expression Â of Â Matrix Â Metalloproteinase Â -9 Â protein Â levels Â were Â examined Â byÂ immunocytochemistry, and compared with control group. The data were analyzed with factorial anova. Statistical analysisÂ showed that transfection with different doses of MMP-9 RNAi gave a significant different effect on MMP-9 expression (p-value < 0.05), while exposure time did not give significant difference (p-value < 0.05). This in-vitro study indicated thatÂ transfection Â of Â MMP-9 Â RNAi Â with Â dose Â 200nM Â reduced the Â expression Â of Â MMP-9 Â by Â 50% Â compared Â to Â the Â control.Â Because exposure time was not significant, the lowest expression of MMP-9 can be achieved by transfecting MMP-9Â RNAi 200nM for 24 hours. This is the first study that demonstrates the effectiveness of RNA interference mediatedÂ targeting Â of MMP-9 to reduce the MMP-9 expression in vascular endothelial cell linesÂ Key Words Â : Matrix Metalloproteinase -9 - RNA interference - vascular endothelial cell lines.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN DIET TINGGI KALSIUM TERHADAP PENURUNAN BERAT BADAN PADA Rattus novergicus galur wistar
Authors: Widodo Widodo , Tanu K I Nengah , Waliyo Edy
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTÂ Calcium diet has an important role in energy metabolism regulation especially intracellular Ca2+Â which is the key tarrange the metabolism of adiposity fat and triasilgliserol save. When intracellular Ca2+Â increase it makes the stimulatioof gen lipogenic and lipogenesis also forcing of lipolysis and finally increasing the fat fitting and increasing adiposity. Thlow level of calcium absorbtion increases the production of calsitirol which could stimulate adiposity Ca2+Â influx and thconcequance is the increase of adiposity, so it needs high calcium diet to delay lipogenesis increase of lipolysis, lipioksidaxion, to reduce fat adiposity and weight. The research used Â pretest â€“ postest control group design. Trial animawere male rat of Rattus novergicus strain wistar. The research consisted of 2 phases. The first phase was increasing thrat weight by giving normal diet with calcium of 0,4% for all kinds of rats for 4 weeks. The second phase by giving calciumdiet with different doses that is Â group A as control group (0,4% Ca as normal diet), group B 0,8% Ca (Ca as normal diet +0,4% Ca as CaCO3), group C 1,2% Ca (Ca as normal diet + 0,8% Ca as CaCO3) and Â group D 1,6% Ca(Ca as normadiet + 1,2% Ca as CaCO3) for 4 weeks. To find out the difference of calcium diet it used statistical test Oneway Anova
INTERVENSI CYTOADHERENCE SEBAGAI PELUANG UNTUK PENCEGAHAN DAN TERAPI MALARIA BERAT
Authors: Simamora Dorta , Sumitro Sutiman B. , Fitri Loeki Enggar
Published: January 2017

AbstractÂ Â In Â malarial Â infection, Â erythrocytes Â infected Â wih Â Plasmodium Â falciparum Â bind Â to Â endothelial Â vascular Â (endothelialÂ cytoadherence). This binding is implicated in the forming of sequestre and Â rosette that affects the vascular circulation,Â and thus injures Â the capillary wall. This mechanism is important in pathogenesis of malarial due to dysfunction of severalÂ organs. There are several receptors of Â cytoadherence in human e.g Thrombospondine (TSP), CD-36, ICAM-1, andÂ ELAM-1 as well as specific ligands of the parasite Â e.g Â Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte Membrane Protein-1 (PfEMP-1), 220 kDa protein of Pf60, Pf332, sequestrin, Pfaldhesin and STEVOR. Â PfEMP-1 has been revealed as a molecule thatÂ is responsible for pathogenesis of severe malaria. This protein can pass parasitophorous vacoular membrane (PVM) ofÂ the parasite by attaching its molecule to carry Protein Export Elemen (PEXEL) and than go to the surface of erythrocytesÂ in combination with specific helper protein in maeurer cleft. Â The intervention on cytoadherence process through blockingÂ of specific ligand directly or blocking the translocation of this ligand to the surface of erythrocytes might be important inÂ regulating the outcome of malarial infection. Â Key words : Cytoadherence, severe malaria, intervention, adhesion molecule.
DISTRIBUSI MITOKONDRIA DAN EKSPRESI BAX PADA HUVECâ€™s YANG MENGALAMI APOPTOSIS AKIBAT INDUKSI OX-LDL
Authors: Riawan Wibi , Wibowati Samodrijanti
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTÂ It had been revealed that endothelial dysfunction which is caused by oxydized LDL is related to TNF Receptor ApoptosisÂ Including Ligand (TRAIL) mechanism. However, there is study to see the involvement of mitochondrial mecanism in Ox-LDL endothelial cells dysfunction. This study was done to see the effect of Ox-LDL treatment on apoptosis of HUVECâ€™sÂ culture Â whether Â associated Â with Â the Â distribution Â of Â mitochondria Â or Â BAX Â expression, Â the Â main Â protein Â mitochondriaÂ apoptosis mechanism. HUVECâ€™s culture was divided into two groups: control group and treatment group ( 50 mg/ml Ox-LDL for 24 hours). Doublestaining for DNA fragmented (TUNEL) and BAX expression were done respectively, as well asÂ immunochemistry Â using Â monoclonal Â Ab Â of Â mitochondria. Â In Â the Â control Â group Â mitochondria Â was Â distributed Â firmly Â onÂ cytoplasma of endothelial cells. In contrast, mitochondria were only found near nuclear membrane cells on treatmentÂ group Â (this Â future Â usually Â found Â on Â divided Â cells) there Â was Â also Â an Â increasing Â of Â BAX Â expression Â and Â a Â mount Â ofÂ apoptotic cells on treatment group compared with control group. It can be concluded that mitochondria is involved inÂ apoptosis of Ox-LDL endothelial cells in order to serve the abundant energy.Â Keywords: Mitochondria distribution, Bax expresson, Apoptotic, Ox-LDL
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN DIET TINGGI KARBOHIDRAT DIBANDINGKAN DIET TINGGI LEMAK TERHADAP KADAR TRIGLISERIDA DAN HDL DARAH PADA Rattus novergicus galur wistar
Authors: Tsalissavrina Iva , Wahono Djoko , Handayani Dian
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTÂ The improving social welfare and food availability has created a shift of consumption pattern that leads to high-fat foodsand low-complex carbohydrate, especially the fibrous foods. Â As we know,carbohydrate has been considered as the safecomponent of foods, therefore, it is recommended to be consumed more. Recently, more experts have started to thinkabout the role of carbohydrate and the emergence of atherosclerosis. The Purpose of the research was to know the riskof high carbohydrate diet application compared to high fat blood triglyceride diet content and high Density Lipoprotein.Complete random design and Post Test Only Control Group was used in this research. Statistic test one way Anova wasused to know the difference resulted from diet aplication, and the situation of the difference continued Â by Tukey Â  Test.The Value of Triglyceride is measured by using Calorimetric Enzymatic test â€“ Glycerol 3 Phosphate â€“oxidase methodsand the value of HDL is measured by using Cholesterol Hydrolise â€“ oxidase methods. Â The result showed that the highestvalue of triglyceride were on the high fat diet group ( 169 mg/dl), followed by high carbohydrate diet ( 130,2 mg/dl) and thelowest was normal diet (81,2 mg/dl). The lowest value of HDL were on the normal diet group (32,7 mg/dl), followed byhigh fat diet (34,2 mg/dl) and the highest was high carbohydrate diet (38,4 mg/dl). The result of the statistical test over the
HUBUNGAN MOTIVASI ORANGTUA UNTUK MENCAPAI KESEMBUHAN ANAK DENGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN TENTANG PENANGANAN ANAK PENYANDANG AUTISME DAN SPEKTRUMNYA
Authors: Asmika Asmika , Andarini Sri , Rahayu Ririn Puji
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTÂ The incidence of children with autisme spectrum Â disorder has rapidly increased, starting fom 1:1500 in 1987 to1:100 inÂ year 2001. The parentâ€™s motivation for actively being involved in treatment programs, such as consultation with the expertÂ and Â improvement Â of Â their knowledge Â will increase Â the Â treatment Â success Â up Â to Â 80%. Â Therefore Â it Â is Â of Â paramountÂ importance to identify the parentâ€™s motivation and Â knowledge about Autisme treatment as a baseline for improvingÂ parentâ€™s active involvement. A cross sectional research design was carried out using twenty parents (mother/father orÂ both) as responden is in Autisme treatment center: A-Plusâ€™ Dharma Wanita PUNM Malang District Â from15 April - 31 MayÂ 2003. The parents motivation and knowledge level was measured using close ended questionnaire. In general, autisme isÂ mostly identified in male child (55%), first child (45%)and diagnosed by children specialist or psychiatrist (75%) at the Â ageÂ of 0-2 year (75%). Most of the parents (85%) have a high motivation in gaining children healing but 60% parents have lowÂ knowledge level about Autisme treatment with mass media as the main information source (85%). There is no significantÂ relationship (p > 0,05)between Â parentâ€™s motivation and knowledge level. Â Â Key Words: motivasi, pengetahuan orang tua, Autisme dan spektrumnya
PERUBAHAN RESPONS RESEPTOR ADRENERGIK-Î²DAN MUSKARINIK DI OTOT POLOS SALURAN NAFAS TIKUS WISTAR PADA PROSES PENUAAN
Authors: Karyono Setyawati Soeharto
Published: January 2017

Aging process is a unique and complex process whichcould not be prevented. Many physiologic changes could be seenÂ for adaptation during aging process. These changes influence pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic of drug and causeÂ alteration of drug effect. Pharmacodynamic changes are caused by alteration of drug receptor.The objective of this studyÂ was to evaluate the influence of aging on Î²-adrenergic and muscarinic receptors function in rat airway smooth muscle.Â Isolated tracheal ring preparation and lung strip were used to examine relaxation response to isoprenaline (Î²-adrenergicÂ agonist) and contraction response to metacholine (muscarinic agonist). Tracheal ring preparations and lung strip wereÂ taken from young (4-5 weeks), adult (4-6 months) and old (24-26 months) wistar rats.
JENIS BAKTERI DAN SENSITIVITAS ANTIBIOTIK PADA KASUS INFEKSI NOSOKOMIAL AKIBAT PEMASANGAN KATETER DI RSSA MALANGDALAM PERIODE NOVEMBER 2000 - MARET 2001
Authors: Djunaedi Djoni
Published: January 2017

The incidence of Nosocomial Infection (NI) includinginfection of the urinary tract attributable to catheter insertionÂ aggravates the existing conditions. Local symptoms Â and septis that occured could prolong hopitalization, and evenÂ caused death. So far, prevention of NI has been undertaken only through the adherence to the standard Â procedure. TheÂ important problem that arises is whether the prevention of NI should rely only on the adherence of thestandardÂ procedure. In order to find the solution, an appropriate investigation is called for. The materials utilized were (a) urineÂ collected from obstetric-gynaecological patients that required catheter insertion â€“ urine sample was taken usingÂ antiseptical procedures before and after catheter insertion within the period of 2x24 hours, (b) the end section of catheterÂ canule when the the catheter was taken off. The materials were cultured in blood plates. Bacterial counts were performedÂ on the data with respect to bacterial types and their sensitivity to antibiotics of the families of Cephalosporin (Cefotaxim),Â Aminoglycoside (Amikacin), Quinolone (Ciprofoxacine), Penicilline (Amoxicilline, Ampicilline), cotrimoxazole andÂ Nitrofurantoin.