bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Model—Innovation and Behavioural Intervention as a Public Policy of Action within an Oncology and Loneliness Scope
Authors: Fonseca Vasco , Caeiro Joaquim , Nogueira Fernanda
Published: February 2021

The article presents concepts and the Public Health Policy University of Lisbon Lab project to answer questions about the macro-environment of cancer and loneliness. Although the biomedical model has considered the disease’s general symptoms, it takes a holistic approach to incorporate several other circumstances that influence health. Emotional, social, psychological, and economic factors mirror influencing layers that affect wellness. Portugal follows Europe’s tendency and simultaneously reflects its reality. Governmental internal policies, amplified by regulations, improve disease prevention and treatment. Nevertheless, it focuses on the general population instead of on the individual. Once cancer, one of the leading causes of global death, is perceived as an isolated incident, we believe macro-environmental circumstances, and not only biological ones, must be considered. Furthermore, cancer in the elderly intensifies solicitude, and expanded policies and actions demand individual health determinants. In the Portuguese Public Health Policy, we started a collaborative Oncology, Human Kinetics, and Public Health Policy project. This is the first project of the Public Health Policy Lab from the Institute of Social and Political Sciences of the University of Lisbon. Based on a brief review of two research projects on improving cancer patients’ health, we promote micro-organisational projects to deal with the social phenomena of loneliness, physical activity, and lifestyle. As a sequence of the well-known social determinants, we endorse political determinants as the basis for public health. The latest worldwide governmental trend is to create public labs as an innovation of political policymaking. Throughout this reflection, the need for a new rational approach specially designed for a social model is considered.
Travel Activity Based Stochastic Modelling of Load and Charging State of Electric Vehicles
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Naveed , Kütt Lauri , Lehtonen Matti , Millar Robert John , Püvi Verner , Rassõlkin Anton , Demidova Galina L.
Published: February 2021

The uptake of electric vehicles (EV) is increasing every year and will eventually replace the traditional transport system in the near future. This imminent increase is urging stakeholders to plan up-gradation in the electric power system infrastructure. However, for efficient planning to support an additional load, an accurate assessment of the electric vehicle load and power quality indices is required. Although several EV models to estimate the charging profile and additional electrical load are available, but they are not capable of providing a high-resolution evaluation of charging current, especially at a higher frequency. This paper presents a probabilistic approach capable of estimating the time-dependent charging and harmonic currents for the future EV load. The model is based on the detailed travel activities of the existing car owners reported in the travel survey. The probability distribution functions of departure time, distance, arrival time, and time span are calculated. The charging profiles are based on the measurements of several EVs.
Effects of High Voltage Electrical Discharge Plasma on Olive Mill Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Ivanov Mia , Vukušić Pavičić Tomislava , Kraljić Klara , Grgas Dijana , Landeka Dragičević Tibela , Herceg Zoran
Published: February 2021

High voltage electrical discharge plasma technology (HVED) is considered as a promising technology for wastewater remediation due to its fast removal rate and environmental compatibility. Olive mill wastewater (OMWW) treatment presents crucial environmental issues because of its high organic load and intense toxicity and phytotoxicity. The effect of cold plasma at frequencies of 60 Hz and 120 Hz, with injected gas (air, oxygen and nitrogen) and with and without the addition of FeCl3x6H2O, during 30 min, on degradation and removal of organic compounds, as well as polyphenols from OMWW, were investigated. The efficiency of cold plasma was monitored by pH, temperature, electroconductivity, redox potential, oxygen saturation and reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and polyphenols. The best removal efficiency of 50.98% of organic compounds was achieved at 120 Hz with nitrogen and the addition of FeCl3x6H2O, and a 60.32% reduction of polyphenols at a frequency of 60 Hz with the air and FeCl3x6H2O added was obtained. Also, the plasma treatment resulted in a decrease in coloring intensity, with the most significant color change at 120 Hz with the addition of FeCl3x6H2O with nitrogen and air.
Enhanced Nitrogen Removal of Steel Rolling Wastewater by Constructed Wetland Combined with Sulfur Autotrophic Denitrification
Authors: Zheng Tao , Lin Xiaohu , Xu Jingcheng , Ren Jie , Sun Danyan , Gu Yunhui , Huang Juwen
Published: February 2021

Constructed wetlands (CWs), an ecological treatment technology, is suitable for advanced treatment, but has an unsatisfying denitrification performance for steel rolling wastewater with low C/N ratio. This study combined sulfur autotrophic denitrification (SAD) with conventional constructed horizontal subsurface flow wetlands to treat steel rolling wastewater, exploring the feasibility of applying SAD to enhance the denitrification performance of CWs. The reactor consists of two sections, one filled with manganese sand and gravel (HFC) and another filled with ceramic, sulfur, and lime (HFSAD). Results showed that HFC had a good performance on removing turbidity, DO, COD, and TP, while the average removal efficiency of total nitrogen (TN) in HFC was just 25.6%. On this basis, HFSAD could remove 45.6% of TN subsequently, whose denitrification rate was 4–6 times as high as that of HFC. Increasing hydraulic retention time could improve removal efficiency of contaminants in HFC and HFSAD in different degrees. The analysis of microbial community structure, observation results of fillers and monitored sulfate all provided proofs for the occurrence of SAD. CWs combined with SAD can be applied in the treatment of steel rolling wastewater with low carbon, which can provide reference for ecological wastewater treatment, water saving, and recycling in iron and steel enterprises.
Priority of Uses in International Water Law
Authors: Zheng Chenjun , Spijkers Otto
Published: February 2021

The raison d’être of international water law is that it provides States with a toolkit to equip them to deal with complex problems relating to the joint use and sustainable management of transboundary freshwater resources. The principle of equitable and reasonable utilization is one such tool in this toolkit. When applying the equitable and reasonable utilization principle to a specific transboundary watercourse, States sharing that watercourse must decide which water uses are more important than others. But the general rule is that no water use takes a priori priority over others (this is the so-called no-inherent-priority rule). This paper examines three ways in which this no-inherent-priority rule can be relativized, by recognizing a certain degree of priority to certain categories of water uses. Based on an assessment of previous State practice, it is suggested that (1) existing uses enjoy a certain degree of priority over new uses; that water uses that are (2) more beneficial to a greater number of people and are less damaging to other uses and the freshwater ecosystems, enjoy priority; and that water uses that (3) immediately satisfy vital human water needs enjoy priority. States need some general guidance in identifying which water uses normally take priority in defined circumstances, and this paper provides such guidance, thereby making the tool more effective. States can decide to derogate from these general rules if the circumstances so require; they are, of course, not legally binding on them.
Analyzing the Environmental Efficiency of Global Airlines by Continent for Sustainability
Authors: Kim Hyunjung , Son Jiyoon
Published: February 2021

The study of environmental sustainability in the aviation industry mainly focuses on research targeting specific regions such as the United States, Europe, and China. However, for the environmental sustainability of the aviation industry, global airlines on all continents around the world must implement efficient environmental management. This study divides the world into six continents and attempts to verify environmental efficiency for airlines belonging to each continent. Using data from 2014 to 2018 of 31 global airlines, this study compares environmental efficiency in the aviation industry by continent and individual airline. Data envelopment analysis (DEA), which is actively used in efficiency studies was adopted as an analysis method. We find that, first, airlines in Europe and Russia have the highest environmental efficiency, and airlines in North America and Canada are the second highest, which can be a good benchmark for other airlines. Second, in technical efficiency (TE) values, airlines in Africa and the Middle East and Latin America generally have low efficiency; but, in the airlines in Africa and the Middle East, environmental efficiency is steadily improving slightly. In comparison, airlines in Latin America showed a decrease in environmental efficiency value, requiring a lot of effort and investment to improve efficiency. Third, for airlines in North America and Canada, the scale efficiency (SE) value was the lowest, even though there was a high level of overall environmental efficiency, indicating the need for efficiency improvement through economies of scale. This study has implications, in that, it suggests how airlines can perform efficient environmental management for sustainability according to the continent to which they belong.
Sustainable Care and Factors Associated with Quality of Life among Older Beneficiaries of Social Services
Authors: Ghența Mihaela , Matei Aniela , Mladen-Macovei Luise , Vasilescu Maria Denisa , Bobârnat Elen-Silvana
Published: February 2021

Population aging has led to an increased recognition of the problems encountered by older persons. As a consequence, the most recent years have been marked by a series of changes with regard to the organization and provision of social services for dependent older people. The aim of this article is to identify factors associated with the quality of life in old age, using a logistic regression applied to the data collected following a field survey among the beneficiaries of social services. The analysis revealed that men are more likely to appreciate that life does not make sense, compared to dependent elderly women. Age is also a significant factor that influences the quality of life: the older the people are, the more they tend to think in a positive manner about their life. Health, social participation and food are also important factors that influence the perception regarding the quality of life.
Trade-Offs and Synergies of Multiple Ecosystem Services for Different Land Use Scenarios in the Yili River Valley, China
Authors: Shi Mingjie , Wu Hongqi , Fan Xin , Jia Hongtao , Dong Tong , He Panxing , Baqa Muhammad Fahad , Jiang Pingan
Published: February 2021

Environmental managers and policymakers increasingly discuss trade-offs between ecosystem services (ESs). However, few studies have used nonlinear models to provide scenario-specific land-use planning. This study determined the effects of different future land use/land cover (LULC) scenarios on ESs in the Yili River Valley, China, and analyzed the trade-offs and synergistic response characteristics. We simulated land-use changes in the Yili River Valley during 2020–2030 under three different scenarios using a patch-generating land-use simulation (PLUS) model—business as usual (BAU), economic development (ED), and ecological conservation (EC). Subsequently, we evaluated the water yield (WY), carbon storage (CS), soil retention (SR), and nutrient export (NE) ESs by combining the PLUS and integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs (InVEST) models, thus exploring multiple trade-offs among these four ESs at a regional scale. For the BAU scenario, there are some synergistic effects between WY and SR in the Yili River Valley, in addition to significant trade-off effects between CS and NE. For the ED scenario, the rapid expansion of cropland and constructed land is at the expense of forested grassland, leading to a significant decline in ESs. For the EC scenario, the model predicted that the cumulative regional net future carbon storage, cumulative water retention, and cumulative soil conservation would all increase due to ecological engineering and the revegetation of riparian zones and that formerly steep agricultural land can be effective in improving ESs. Meanwhile, the trade-off effect would be significantly weakened between CS and NE. These results can inform decision makers on specific sites where ecological engineering is implemented. Our findings can enhance stakeholders’ understanding of the interactions between ESs indicators in different scenarios.
Impact of Climate Change on Agricultural Development in a Closed Groundwater-Driven Basin: A Case Study of the Siwa Region, Western Desert of Egypt
Authors: Moghazy Noha H. , Kaluarachchi Jagath J.
Published: February 2021

The Siwa region located in the Western Desert of Egypt has 30,000 acres available for reclamation as a part of a national project to increase agricultural production. This study addressed the climate change-driven long-term concerns of developing an agricultural project in this region where groundwater from the non-renewable Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System (NSAS) is the only source of water. Different climate models were used under two representative concentration pathways (RCPs); RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. Projected seasonal temperatures show that the maximum increase in summer is 1.68 ± 1.64 °C in 2060 and 4.65 ± 1.82 °C in 2100 under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, respectively. The increase in water requirement for crops is estimated around 6–8.1% under RCP 4.5 while around 9.7–18.2% under RCP 8.5. Maximum reductions of strategic crop yields vary from 2.9% to 12.8% in 2060 under RCP 4.5, while from 10.4% to 27.4% in 2100 under RCP 8.5. Project goals are feasible until 2100 under RCP 4.5 but only until 2080 with RCP 8.5. When an optimization analysis was conducted, these goals are possible from 2080 to 2100 by modified land allocation. The proposed methodology is useful to project impact of climate change anywhere such that management and adaptation options can be proposed for sustainable agricultural development.
Complex q-Rung Orthopair Uncertain Linguistic Partitioned Bonferroni Mean Operators with Application in Antivirus Mask Selection
Authors: Yang Miin-Shen , Ali Zeeshan , Mahmood Tahir
Published: February 2021

In this paper, complex q-rung orthopair uncertain linguistic sets (CQROULSs) for handling multi-attribute decision making (MADM) issues are proposed so that the assessed estimation of each trait can be presented by CQROULS. Another aggregation operator, called the partitioned Bonferroni mean (PBM) operator, is then considered to manage the circumstances under fuzziness. At that point, the PBM operator is stretched out to CQROULSs in which a complex q-rung orthopair uncertain linguistic partitioned Bonferroni mean (CQROULPBM) operator is then proposed. To wipe out the negative impact of preposterous assessment estimations of characteristics on total outcomes, complex q-rung orthopair uncertain linguistic weighted partitioned Bonferroni mean (CQROULWPBM) operator is further considered. These properties, idempotency, boundedness, and commutativity of the CQROULWPBM operator are obtained. The proposed CQROULSs with the CQROULWPBM operator is novel and important for MADM issues. Finally, an MADM based on CQROULSs is constructed with a numerical case given to delineate the proposed approach and then applied for selecting an antivirus mask for the COVID-19 pandemic. The advantages and comparative analysis with graphical interpretation of the explored operators are also presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed method.
Adjoint Operations in Twist-Products of Lattices
Authors: Chajda Ivan , Länger Helmut
Published: February 2021

Given an integral commutative residuated lattices L=(L,∨,∧), its full twist-product (L2,⊔,⊓) can be endowed with two binary operations ⊙ and ⇒ introduced formerly by M. Busaniche and R. Cignoli as well as by C. Tsinakis and A. M. Wille such that it becomes a commutative residuated lattice. For every a∈L we define a certain subset Pa(L) of L2. We characterize when Pa(L) is a sublattice of the full twist-product (L2,⊔,⊓). In this case Pa(L) together with some natural antitone involution ′ becomes a pseudo-Kleene lattice. If L is distributive then (Pa(L),⊔,⊓,′) becomes a Kleene lattice. We present sufficient conditions for Pa(L) being a subalgebra of (L2,⊔,⊓,⊙,⇒) and thus for ⊙ and ⇒ being a pair of adjoint operations on Pa(L). Finally, we introduce another pair ⊙ and ⇒ of adjoint operations on the full twist-product of a bounded commutative residuated lattice such that the resulting algebra is a bounded commutative residuated lattice satisfying the double negation law, and we investigate when Pa(L) is closed under these new operations.
Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Cyanobacterial and Algal Extracts—Microcystin and Retinoic Acid Content
Authors: Bittner Michal , Štern Alja , Smutná Marie , Hilscherová Klára , Žegura Bojana
Published: February 2021

In the last decade, it has become evident that complex mixtures of cyanobacterial bioactive substances, simultaneously present in blooms, often exert adverse effects that are different from those of pure cyanotoxins, and awareness has been raised on the importance of studying complex mixtures and chemical interactions. We aimed to investigate cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of complex extracts from laboratory cultures of cyanobacterial species from different orders (Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Aphanizomenon gracile, Microcystis aeruginosa, M. viridis, M. ichtyoblabe, Planktothrix agardhii, Limnothrix redekei) and algae (Desmodesmus quadricauda), and examine possible relationships between the observed effects and toxin and retinoic acid (RA) content in the extracts. The cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the extracts were studied in the human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell line, using the MTT assay, and the comet and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (cytome) assays, respectively. Liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS) was used to detect toxins (microcystins (MC-LR, MC-RR, MC-YR) and cylindrospermopsin) and RAs (ATRA and 9cis-RA) in the extracts. Six out of eight extracts were cytotoxic (0.04–2 mgDM/mL), and five induced DNA strand breaks at non-cytotoxic concentrations (0.2–2 mgDM/mL). The extracts with genotoxic activity also had the highest content of RAs and there was a linear association between RA content and genotoxicity, indicating their possible involvement; however further research is needed to identify and confirm the compounds involved and to elucidate possible genotoxic effects of RAs.
Individual and Combined Effects of Aflatoxin B1 and Sterigmatocystin on Lipid Peroxidation and Glutathione Redox System of Common Carp Liver
Authors: Kövesi Benjamin , Kulcsár Szabina , Ancsin Zsolt , Zándoki Erika , Erdélyi Márta , Mézes Miklós , Balogh Krisztián
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the short-term effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 100 µg/kg feed) and sterigmatocystin (STC 1000 μg/kg feed) exposure individually and in combination (100 μg AFB1 + 1000 μg STC/kg feed) on the parameters of lipid peroxidation and glutathione redox system both in biochemical and gene expression levels in one-year-old common carp. Lipid peroxidation parameters were slightly affected, as significant differences were observed only in conjugated diene and triene concentrations. Reduced glutathione content decreased more markedly by STC than AFB1 or AFB1+STC, but glutathione peroxidase activity did not change. Expression of gpx4a, gpx4b, gss, and gsr genes was down-regulated due to STC compared to AFB1 or AFB1+STC, while an induction was found as effect of AFB1+STC in the case of gpx4a, but down-regulation for gpx4b as compared to AFB1. Expression of the glutathione biosynthesis regulatory gene, gss, was higher, but glutathione recycling enzyme encoding gene, gsr, was lower as an effect of AFB1+STC compared to AFB1. These results are supported by the changes in the expression of transcription factors encoding genes, nrf2, and keap1. The results revealed that individual effects of AFB1 and STC on different parameters are synergistic or antagonistic in multi-toxin treatment.
Infection, Dissemination, and Transmission Potential of North American Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex tarsalis, and Culicoides sonorensis for Oropouche Virus
Authors: McGregor Bethany L. , Connelly C. Roxanne , Kenney Joan L.
Published: February 2021

Oropouche virus (OROV), a vector-borne Orthobunyavirus circulating in South and Central America, causes a febrile illness with high rates of morbidity but with no documented fatalities. Oropouche virus is transmitted by numerous vectors, including multiple genera of mosquitoes and Culicoides biting midges in South America. This study investigated the vector competence of three North American vectors, Culex tarsalis, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Culicoides sonorensis, for OROV. Cohorts of each species were fed an infectious blood meal containing 6.5 log10 PFU/mL OROV and incubated for 10 or 14 days. Culex tarsalis demonstrated infection (3.13%) but not dissemination or transmission potential at 10 days post infection (DPI). At 10 and 14 DPI, Cx. quinquefasciatus demonstrated 9.71% and 19.3% infection, 2.91% and 1.23% dissemination, and 0.97% and 0.82% transmission potential, respectively. Culicoides sonorensis demonstrated 86.63% infection, 83.14% dissemination, and 19.77% transmission potential at 14 DPI. Based on these data, Cx. tarsalis is unlikely to be a competent vector for OROV. Culex quinquefasciatus demonstrated infection, dissemination, and transmission potential, although at relatively low rates. Culicoides sonorensis demonstrated high infection and dissemination but may have a salivary gland barrier to the virus. These data have implications for the spread of OROV in the event of a North American introduction.
Injectable Antiretroviral Drugs: Back to the Future
Authors: Berruti Marco , Riccardi Niccolò , Canetti Diana , Lo Caputo Sergio , Taramasso Lucia , Di Biagio Antonio
Published: February 2021

Current HIV treatment regimens provide sustained virologic suppression, at least partially restore the immune system and have limited side effects; however, they do not allow viral eradication and they are burdened by daily pill intake with a life-long commitment for the people living with HIV (PHIV). Injectable agents might represent a turning point in the care of PHIV, allowing less frequent administration of antiretroviral treatment (ART), more widespread use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and more stable drug levels in the blood, thus increasing the odds to get closer to end the HIV pandemic. The aim of this manuscript is to give a comprehensive review of injectable antiretrovirals that have been used in the past, which are available now, will be available in the future, and their role in the treatment of HIV infection
Seroprevalence of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Small-Animal Veterinarians and Nurses in the Japanese Prefecture with the Highest Case Load
Authors: Kirino Yumi , Ishijima Keita , Miura Miho , Nomachi Taro , Mazimpaka Eugene , Sudaryatma Putu Eka , Yamanaka Atsushi , Maeda Ken , Sugimoto Takayuki , Saito Akatsuki , Mekata Hirohisa , Okabayashi Tamaki
Published: February 2021

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is the causative agent of SFTS, an emerging tick-borne disease in East Asia, and is maintained in enzootic cycles involving ticks and a range of wild animal hosts. Direct transmission of SFTSV from cats and dogs to humans has been identified in Japan, suggesting that veterinarians and veterinary nurses involved in small-animal practice are at occupational risk of SFTSV infection. To characterize this risk, we performed a sero-epidemiological survey in small-animal-practice workers and healthy blood donors in Miyazaki prefecture, which is the prefecture with the highest per capita number of recorded cases of SFTS in Japan. Three small-animal-practice workers were identified as seropositive by ELISA, but one had a negative neutralization-test result and so was finally determined to be seronegative, giving a seropositive rate of 2.2% (2 of 90), which was significantly higher than that in healthy blood donors (0%, 0 of 1000; p < 0.05). The seroprevalence identified here in small-animal-practice workers was slightly higher than that previously reported in other high-risk workers engaged in agriculture and forestry in Japan. Thus, enhancement of small-animal-practice workers’ awareness of biosafety at animal hospitals is necessary for control of SFTSV.
The VP3 Protein of Bluetongue Virus Associates with the MAVS Complex and Interferes with the RIG-I-Signaling Pathway
Authors: Pourcelot Marie , Amaral Moraes Rayane , Fablet Aurore , Bréard Emmanuel , Sailleau Corinne , Viarouge Cyril , Postic Lydie , Zientara Stéphan , Caignard Grégory , Vitour Damien
Published: February 2021

Bluetongue virus (BTV), an arbovirus transmitted by Culicoides biting midges, is a major concern of wild and domestic ruminants. While BTV induces type I interferon (alpha/beta interferon [IFN-α/β]) production in infected cells, several reports have described evasion strategies elaborated by this virus to dampen this intrinsic, innate response. In the present study, we suggest that BTV VP3 is a new viral antagonist of the IFN-β synthesis. Indeed, using split luciferase and coprecipitation assays, we report an interaction between VP3 and both the mitochondrial adapter protein MAVS and the IRF3-kinase IKKε. Overall, this study describes a putative role for the BTV structural protein VP3 in the control of the antiviral response.
Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in a Human T Cell Line Is Hampered at Multiple Steps
Authors: de Souza Cardoso Ricardo , Viana Rosa Maria Mendes , Vitti Brenda Cristina , Coelho Ana Carolina Lunardello , de Jesus Bruna Laís Santos , de Paula Souza Juliano , Pontelli Marjorie Cornejo , Murakami Tomoyuki , Ventura Armando Morais , Ono Akira , Arruda Eurico
Published: February 2021

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is the most frequent cause of severe respiratory disease in children. The main targets of HRSV infection are epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, and the great majority of the studies regarding HRSV infection are done in respiratory cells. Recently, the interest on respiratory virus infection of lymphoid cells has been growing, but details of the interaction of HRSV with lymphoid cells remain unknown. Therefore, this study was done to assess the relationship of HRSV with A3.01 cells, a human CD4+ T cell line. Using flow cytometry and fluorescent focus assay, we found that A3.01 cells are susceptible but virtually not permissive to HRSV infection. Dequenching experiments revealed that the fusion process of HRSV in A3.01 cells was nearly abolished in comparison to HEp-2 cells, an epithelial cell lineage. Quantification of viral RNA by RT-qPCR showed that the replication of HRSV in A3.01 cells was considerably reduced. Western blot and quantitative flow cytometry analyses demonstrated that the production of HRSV proteins in A3.01 was significantly lower than in HEp-2 cells. Additionally, using fluorescence in situ hybridization, we found that the inclusion body-associated granules (IBAGs) were almost absent in HRSV inclusion bodies in A3.01 cells. We also assessed the intracellular trafficking of HRSV proteins and found that HRSV proteins colocalized partially with the secretory pathway in A3.01 cells, but these HRSV proteins and viral filaments were present only scarcely at the plasma membrane. HRSV infection of A3.01 CD4+ T cells is virtually unproductive as compared to HEp-2 cells, as a result of defects at several steps of the viral cycle: Fusion, genome replication, formation of inclusion bodies, recruitment of cellular proteins, virus assembly, and budding.
The Strategies to Support the COVID-19 Vaccination with Evidence-Based Communication and Tackling Misinformation
Authors: Rzymski Piotr , Borkowski Leszek , Drąg Marcin , Flisiak Robert , Jemielity Jacek , Krajewski Jacek , Mastalerz-Migas Agnieszka , Matyja Andrzej , Pyrć Krzysztof , Simon Krzysztof , Sutkowski Michał , Wysocki Jacek , Zajkowska Joanna , Fal Andrzej
Published: February 2021

COVID-19 vaccinations are about to begin in various countries or are already ongoing. This is an unprecedented operation that is also met with a loud response from anti-vaccine communities—currently using all available channels to manipulate public opinion. At the same time, the strategy to educate on vaccinations, explain their mechanism of action, and build trust in science is subdued in different world parts. Such actions should go much beyond campaigns promoting the COVID-19 vaccines solely on the information provided by the health institutions and national authorities. In this paper, actions provided by independent expert groups needed to counteract the anti-vaccine propaganda and provide scientific-based information to the general public are offered. These actions encompass organizing groups continuously communicating science on COVID-19 vaccines to the general public; tracking and tackling emerging and circulating fake news; and equipping celebrities and politicians with scientific information to ensure the quality of messages they communicate, as well as public letters, and statements of support for vaccination by healthcare workers, recognized scientists, VIPs, and scientific societies; and no tolerance to false and manipulated claims on vaccination spread via traditional and social media as well as by health professionals, scientists, and academics. These activities should be promptly implemented worldwide, regardless of the current status and availability of the COVID-19 vaccine in a particular region. If we are about to control the pandemic for the sake of public benefit, it is high time to collectively speak out as academic and medical societies with support from decision-makers. Otherwise, the battle will be lost to those who stand against scientific evidence while offering no feasible solution to the problem.
Immune Complex Vaccine Strategies to Combat HIV-1 and Other Infectious Diseases
Authors: Tang Alex F. , Enyindah-Asonye Gospel , Hioe Catarina E.
Published: February 2021

Immune complexes (ICs) made of antibody-bound antigens exhibit immunomodulatory activities exploitable in a vaccination strategy to optimize vaccine efficacy. The modulatory effects of ICs are typically attributed to the Fc fragments of the antibody components, which engage Fc receptors, complement and complement receptors on various immune cells. These Fc-mediated functions facilitate the critical interplay between innate and adaptive immune systems to impact the quality and quantity of the elicited adaptive responses. In addition to the Fc contribution, the Fab fragment also plays an immunoregulation role. The antigen-binding domains of the Fab fragment can bind their specific epitopes at high affinity to sterically occlude these antigenic sites from recognition by other antibodies. Moreover, the Fab-mediated binding has been demonstrated to induce allosteric alterations at nearby or distant antigenic sites. In this review article, we survey published studies to illuminate how the immunomodulatory functions of ICs have been investigated or utilized in a vaccination strategy to fight against an array of infectious pathogens, culminating with IC vaccine designs aimed at preventing HIV-1 infection. In particular, we highlight IC vaccine candidates that exploit Fab-mediated steric and allosteric effects to direct antibody responses away or toward the V1V2 domain, the V3 loop, and other antigenic sites on the HIV-1 envelope gp120 glycoprotein. Like other HIV-1 vaccine approaches, the path for IC-based vaccines to reach the clinic faces major hurdles yet to be overcome; however, investigations into this vaccine strategy have provided insights into the multifaceted activities of antibodies beyond their conventional roles in the host defense against HIV-1 and other microbial pathogens.
Did the Construction of the Bhumibol Dam Cause a Dramatic Reduction in Sediment Supply to the Chao Phraya River?
Authors: Namsai Matharit , Charoenlerkthawin Warit , Sirapojanakul Supakorn , Burnett William C. , Bidorn Butsawan
Published: February 2021

The Bhumibol Dam on Ping River, Thailand, was constructed in 1964 to provide water for irrigation, hydroelectric power generation, flood mitigation, fisheries, and saltwater intrusion control to the Great Chao Phraya River basin. Many studies, carried out near the basin outlet, have suggested that the dam impounds significant sediment, resulting in shoreline retreat of the Chao Phraya Delta. In this study, the impact of damming on the sediment regime is analyzed through the sediment variation along the Ping River. The results show that the Ping River drains a mountainous region, with sediment mainly transported in suspension in the upper and middle reaches. By contrast, sediment is mostly transported as bedload in the lower basin. Variation of long-term total sediment flux data suggests that, while the Bhumibol Dam does effectively trap sediment, there was only a 5% reduction in sediment supply to the Chao Phraya River system because of sediment additions downstream.
Estrategia motivacional para elevar el rendimiento académico en geografía en una escuela superior en Bolivia
Authors: Quena Rodolfo Manuel
Published: February 2021

El artículo presenta los resultados de la investigación referente al rendimiento académico, la aplicación de las estrategias didácticas en el Proceso de Enseñanza - Aprendizaje (PEA) de Geografía, con el objetivo de proponer una estrategia motivacional para elevar el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes en la asignatura de Geografía de la Escuela Superior de Formación de Maestros (ESFM) “Ismael Montes”. Se aplicaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y técnicas que permitieron organizar y dirigir la investigación para alcanzar el objetivo declarado. Se trabajó con 56 estudiantes de 3ro y 4to año de formación académica de dicha especialidad, los datos, indican que los contenidos aprendidos en el área de Geografía, no son orientados hacia su realidad que involucre al estudiante en su plenitud, situación que puede darse por falta de implementación de estrategias motivacionales en los procesos formativos, para alcanzar resultados satisfactorios en el rendimiento académico.
Las Aulas virtuales como herramientas facilitadoras de aprendizajes durante el confinamiento por la covid-19 UDELAS
Authors: Guilbauth José , P. de Guilbauth Itzel
Published: February 2021

El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar el tipo de herramientas tecnológicas, formas de comunicación y desarrollo de las aulas virtuales empleadas en clases de las Licenciaturas en Estimulación Temprana y Orientación Familiar, Licenciatura en Educación Especial, Licenciatura de Docencia en Inglés y Licenciatura en Informática Educativa en la Facultad de Educación Especial y Pedagogía de la Universidad Especializada de las Américas, Panamá, durante el primer semestre del Año Académico 2020. En base al método descriptivo y con apoyo de la técnica de encuesta se identificaron competencias, actividades y herramientas que poseían docentes y estudiantes al enfrentarse a la formación universitaria virtual. Los resultados determinaron que producto de una decisión repentina en el cambio de modalidad de enseñanza presencial a virtual, producto del COVID 19, se presentaron respuestas no planificadas, pero permisibles a que el acto didáctico se produjera sin contratiempos y de forma continua en la formación universitaria.
Analysis of learning activities included in English text directed at students of Hospitality and Tourism
Authors: Pizarro Romero Johanna , Vera Quiñonez Sara , Matamoros Jessenia Anabel , Sarmiento Chugcho Kleber Oswaldo
Published: February 2021

English for Specific Purposes (IFE) textbooks are an important tool in the teaching-learning process of English. The purpose of this study was to identify the preferences of the learning activities included in an IFE textbook that the students of Hospitality and Tourism. The sample was 97 students. The survey was structured by abilities in listening comprehension, reading, writing, among others, for the analysis the LT-Lab software was applied divided into six groups according to their abilities. The results showed: group 1 the preferred learning activities: videos, web sources and songs; group 2, use of grammar, vocabulary, games, reading comprehension; group 3, role-playing games, dialogues, vocabulary and description; group 4, in the videos; group 5, readings and web sources, group 6, read, complete the sentences and crossword puzzles. In conclusion, the learning activity included in an ESP textbook preferred by the students were videos, web sources, songs, use of grammar, vocabulary, among others.
Rendimiento escolar en la asignatura de Lenguaje y Comunicación en el nivel Secundario de Bolivia
Authors: Santos Bacallao Araceli
Published: February 2021

Se realizó un estudio para determinar en los estudiantes el rendimiento académico en el área de Lenguaje y comunicación en las escuelas secundaria en Bolivia. Teniendo como propósito elaborar una propuesta de un nuevo diseño curricular dirigido al área de Lenguaje y Comunicación para el nivel secundario, en el segundo y tercer ciclo en las Unidades Educativas de Cochabamba. La metodología aplicada en la investigación respondió al enfoque dialéctico que sirvió de soporte a los métodos holístico, sistémico y holográfico. La recolección de información fue mediante la técnica de entrevista, encuesta y plantillas de calificaciones. Por lo que evidenció que existen bajas calificaciones de Secundaria en la asignatura, estas se encontraban ubicadas entre 36 y 45 puntos. Se consideró que para ser el grado terminal de Secundaria estos resultados no correspondían con los que se perseguían y basado previamente en el diagnóstico, se elaboró una propuesta curricular en la asignatura objeto de estudio.
Proceso didáctico y destrezas en la lectura en niños de primer año de educación básica
Authors: Rosero Morales Elena del Rocío , Ruiz Morales Mercedes Isabel , Pérez Constante Myrian Biviana , Mayorga Jácome Lilia Cristina
Published: February 2021

Se muestra un estudio que describe los diferentes procesos didácticos en el desarrollo de destrezas de lectura en niños y niñas del Primer año de E.G. Básica, con el propósito de mejorar la calidad de enseñanza de las destrezas de la lectura, mediante la aplicación de un proceso didáctico compuesto por el método silábico. El objetivo principal fue analizar los procesos didácticos en las destrezas lectoras en infantes. La metodología empleada para el análisis de la información fue a través del sistema de meta análisis donde lo autores emiten opinión, además, la búsqueda se realizó mediante sistemas acreditados y bases de datos cualificadas certificadas acerca de la variable de las destrezas de la lectura. Como resultados se concluye al Método Silábico como el principal método de enseñanza y aprendizaje significativo del desarrollo de las destrezas de lectura, la metodología de investigación descriptiva ayuda al análisis de los procesos necesarios para adquirir habilidades lectoras y su influencia docente.
Pelatihan Multimedia Interaktif Bagi Guru Guru SMP Negeri 1 Karangawen Demak
Authors:   Universitas PGRI Semarang, Buchori Achmad , Rahmawati Noviana Dini , Prasetyowati, Dina , Menariati Ika , Setiawan Agus
Published: February 2021

One of the technological innovations so that learning becomes conducive, interactive, interesting and can help teachers make evaluations of students to use the Kahoot platform. Kahoots are in the form of game applications, quiz choices, or opinion surveys and public opinions of students or institutional members conducted online through a web browser. The problem with partners is that the teachers of SMP Negeri 1 Karangawen, Demak Regency still need refreshment in making interactive multimedia. The methods applied in this service program are the presentation methods, demonstration methods, and practice methods. The presentation method was applied in the introduction of Kahoot software, ProProfs, Prezi of its usefulness, and its application in making interactive learning media, Demonstration Methods regarding program operationalization and Practice Methods where teachers directly practiced making instructional media in accordance with their respective subjects using Kahoot programs, ProProfs, Lectora, and Prezi
Charles Davila (1828-1884), médecin français et fondateur des services de santé roumains
Authors: Fournier Josette
Published: February 2021

Charles Davila (1828-1884), french doctor and founder of romanian health services – Charles Davila (1828-1884) was a french doctor, hold as national roumanian hero. He came to Bucarest on 1853 march 13th. He is respected as initiator and organizer of civilian and military romanian health services. He founded the first children’s orphanage of Roumania. Refering to french sources, many of them are unpublished, this article intends to know his itinerary from Limoges to Paris via Nantes and Angers, his training, his activities and his connections in France between 1842 and 1853.
Les Geoffroy : une famille d’apothicaires parisiens
Authors: Lafont Olivier
Published: February 2021

The Geoffroy : a family of Parisian apothecaries – The Geoffroy family, on six generations, counted seven apothecaries, three Paris aldermen ; four of its members belonged to the Royal Academy of Sciences. Some characters stand out of the crowd, apart from Étienne-François, the author of the

Table of Affinities, who has a special position in history of sciences, his father Matthieu François

who had the opportunity to meet Louis XIV many times, or his brother, Claude Joseph who was at the same time, an apothecary, a Paris alderman, an Academy member and a collector.
Sürdürülebilir Av Yaban Hayatında Elbistan Kızılkandil Örnek Avlağı Örneği
Authors: ÖZKAN Çağrı Özgür , KALINKÜTÜK Hacı , BAYDEMIR Mustafa , ÇOTU Halima , ABDURRAHMANOĞULLARI Özlem , KALINKÜTÜK Kübra , ALKAP Şeyma
Published: February 2021

Kızılkandil Örnek avlağı, Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde, Kahramanmaraş ilinin, Elbistan / sınırları içerisinde yer almaktadır. Kahramanmaraş il merkezine 170 km mesafede bulunan 4150 hektarlık alanı kapsayan Elbistan Kızılkandil Örnek Avlağı ve çevresi, taşıdığı doğal ve kültürel kaynak değerleri nedeniyle T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı tarafından 2008 yılında tescil edilmiştir. Avlak, Kahramanmaraş ve çevre illerde bulunan av ve yaban hayvanları ile hem avcılığı desteklemekte hem de kırsal kalkınmaya katkı sağlamaktadır. Avlak bünyesinde birçok av hayvanı bulundurmasına rağmen; kınalı keklik, tavşan ve çil keklik türlerini için tescil edilmiştir. Bu avlakta avlatılan bu hayvanalar Kahramanmaraş’ta ve Türkiye’de bulunan doğal türlerdir. Elbistan Kızılkandil Örnek avlağı Malatya karayolu ile Malatya iline ve havan alanına çok daha yakındır. Avlak içerisinde bulunan toplam su kaynağı alandaki bitkilerin su ihtiyacını karşılamanın yanı sıra yaban hayatının da gelişimine katkı sağlamaktadır. Ayrıca, alanda hem yerel halkın hem de gelen avcıların kullanması için bir adet sosyal donatı bulunmaktadır. Elbistan Kızılkandil Örnek Avlağı, Kahramanmaraş doğal popülasyonun artırılması amacı ile Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığınca önem verilen bir proje olup, bakanlıkça yetiştirilip doğaya salınan kekliklerin doğal ortamlarına adaptasyonları içinde avlaklar önem arz etmektedir. Keklik yetiştirip doğaya salma çalışmalarına temel oluşturmak üzere salınan kekliklerin doğal ortamlarında yaşama ve üreme oranlarının bilinmesi ve takibi için örnek alan bu avlaklara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu maksatla; Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı bu tür faaliyetlere hem destek vermekte hem de yakından takip etmektedir. Bu çalışma ile av ve yaban hayatı için önem arz eden örnek avlaklardan olan Elbistan Kızıl Kandil Örnek Avlağının tanıtılması amaçlanmaktadır.
A speedy method for simultaneous determination in tablet active content by NIR and UV-Vis spectrophotometry: Comparison of PLS-1 and ICA-ANN models
Authors: AKTAŞ Ahmet Hakan , ŞAHİN Halil Orhun
Published: February 2021

In this study, the NIR and UV-Vis spectroscopy methods, which are frequently used in pharmaceutical industry, were applied to the environments where Paracetamol, Propyphenazone and Caffeine active substances are present, and the spectroscopic data obtained were evaluated comparatively with ICA-ANN and PLS-1, which are powerful chemometric methods. When using solid agents in NIR method, liquid solutions equivalent to them were used in UV-Vis method. Following the application of both methods, spectral data were evaluated as chemometrics and in both spectroscopic methods ICA-ANN method yielded more accurate results than PLS-1. High recovery rates and relatively low standard deviations were found in the applied methods and recommended for use in the pharmaceutical industry.
Design and Implementation of Low-Cost Field Crop Sprayer Electronic Flow Control System
Authors: İRSEL Gürkan
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this research is to present the designs required and methodology of prototype production to control electronically a mechanical-controllable system on a case study. The system under consideration is a field crop sprayer. The reason for the investigation of this system is operator exposure to the harmful chemical and inefficiency of flow control. It is necessary to precisely start and end the chemical flow at the requested location, to close a certain part of the spraying line, and to prevent overdosing during the pulverization. An Arduino system was designed to control a precise electronic flow system. In this regard, Mechanical flow-control valves are equipped with 16 bar pressure-resistant and chemical resistant solenoid valves. Designs were produced and prototypes were presented. Low-cost sprayer control systems (SCS) chemical losses were reduced by 6% to 20%. The ergonomic design increased the productivity of the operator. Moreover, this system reduced fuel consumption by 2% to 6%. It is 40% more economical than existing systems. As a result, productive electronic control was achieved in the field crop sprayer.
Migración, religiosidad y celebración. Lo sagrado y lo profano en la Fiesta de la Cosecha de la Iglesia Valdense en Argentina y Uruguay
Authors: Ferreyra José Antonio , Ferreyra Ana María
Published: February 2021

Italianos que hablaban francés, miembros de una iglesia reformada dos siglos antes de La Reforma, colonos rurales vertebrados por la fe, y un largo etcétera, hacen que el caso de los miembros de la Iglesia Evangélica Valdense del Río de la Plata (IEVRP) no sea uno más dentro de un proceso migratorio bastante conocido. Muchas fueron las estrategias que, orientadas por sus pastores, mantuvieron unida a la comunidad en la diáspora americana desde 1857 hasta la actualidad. Una de ellas fue la celebración anual de la gratitud a Dios por sus dones mediante la “Fiesta de la cosecha”. La celebración lograba la comunión en la fe, el encuentro festivo de la congregación y recursos económicos para el sostenimiento del culto. La fiesta fue una creación de los inmigrantes en destino deslindada de la tradición en su país de origen —cuyo autor puede identificarse— y su celebración, desde los espacios utilizados hasta la gastronomía, eminentemente rioplatense. Se expandió por las más de treinta colonias en Argentina y Uruguay, y acompañando el proceso de des ruralización, fue mudando su nombre a Fiesta de la Gratitud, que permitió a la comunidad dispersa (inmigrante y confesional a la vez) mantenerse aglutinada.