bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Reproductive System Affectation in Sprague Dawley Rats by Food Intake Exposed with Fenthion, Using Naïve Bayes Classifier and Genetic Algorithms
Authors: David Sandino Juan , Amaya Hurtado Dario , Lucia Ramos Olga
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT: Improper application of pesticides in agricultural crops and indirect effects caused by exposure to them through consumption of contaminated crops, nowadays represent a serious risk to public health harmony. It is vital then, to know the degree of toxicity of each of these chemicals in order to properly regulate its application and sensitize the population at risk. Therefore, this paper shows the results of an algorithm with the ability to predict the effects on the reproductive system in Sprague Dawley rats, caused by the intake of food exposed with Fenthion. The original data were processed using the Naïve Bayes classifier, then optimized using genetic algorithms. It is concluded that the prediction algorithm does the job properly, processing qualitative information with relatively low computational cost, which allows its easy portability to different development platforms.
Analysis of Synoptic Showery Rain falls Contributing to the Formation of Flood within Rivers of Gilan Province
Authors: Alireza Ghodrati
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT: One of the most important factors leading to occurrence of We usually use flood is weather phenomena, such as Severe cloudbursts and accomplishment of the It should be removed .Climate study and identification of weather phenomena, especially the cloudbursts have an important role in forecasting the floods and making flood warning plans. Therefore, this research has been conducted in order for Climate analysis of the cloudbursts leading to flood in west of Gilan Province. For this purpose, statistics of floods and local cloud bursts related to each flood in west region of Guilin were identified and drawn out since 2001-2011. Accordingly, during this period of time 13 floods and local clod bursts were identified, then in the next stage, serological isobar plans for sea level and 500 1000 hectopascal geopotential for pre –rainfall days and rainfall day received from NOAA diagram and was observed using isometropia analysis method And each one was analyzed using the GrADS software for mapping required at ground level .Curbing and reducing of flood damages has a special status in exhaustive management of watershed areas. Thus, precise identification of flood-prone regions on field level is extremely important and significant, since we can reduce flood-proneness level of the field using proper watershed procedures, either constructional or non-constructional, or a combination of both. In order to determine the hydrograph of the runoff resulting from precipitation under the fields, HEC- HMS mathematical model, in which precipitation’s change into runoff is done, based on hydrological methods, has been utilized. In the present research, the calibration and validation results of model HEC- HMS indicated that in case of presence of dry condition, initial damages coefficient in this field would be equal to 15.0 , A coefficient for calculating the concentration time under the fields based on relation in Tamar field would be 4.0, and B coefficient for all subfields would be equal to 3.0 and the ratio of saving coefficient to concentration coefficient in Tamar field would be 4.0 , based on which we can see that the observed and simulated hydrograph has high correlation. After calibrating and validating the model, prioritization of the subfields in terms of their participation in output flood (flood-proneness analysis) was examined. Based on flood-proneness studies in Tamar field we can conclude that upper subfields have had the greatest effect on flood-proneness level with regard to the selected floods in the field.
Modification of Functionalized Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Olive Oil as Economic Method for Bacterial Capture and Prevention
Authors: J. Haider Mohammed , S. Ahmed Duha , Mohammad M.R. , J. Haider Adawiya
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT: In the present work, a new and economic method of functionalized Multi walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) with olive oil has been improved as compared to the traditional methods, that composed of catalysts such as fatty acids (FFA), glycerol and triacylglycerols of oxidation power. This method is initiated by ultrasoniction the mixture which leads to functionalize the surface during the process of interaction with oil olive for a short time (30 min). Then, the results of this work were examined by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) to study the morphology of the surface treated with olive oil, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to confirm the functionalized method and using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) that shows the formation of functional group on to MWCNTs surface such as C=O and COOH. The final part includes a study antibacterial activity of Multi walled Carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) against gram negative (E. coli and Salmonella typhi) and gram positive (S. aureus) bacteria using direct cell counting. Besides, evaluating the antibacterial assays of treated MWCNTs after incubated for various time to elucidate the interaction between functionalized MWCNTs and cell membrane to determine the study the adsorption of bacteria on the surface of (MWCNTs), which are used in environmental applications, such as sensing of contaminated water and using as a filter.
Management of osteonecrosis of the femoral head in children with sickle cell disease: Results of conservative and operative treatments at skeletal maturity
Authors: Mallet C. , Abitan A. , Vidal C. , Holvoet L. , Mazda K. , Simon A.-L. , Ilharreborde B.
Published: January 2018

Purpose

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common cause of femoral head osteonecrosis (ONFH) during childhood with an overall prevalence of 10%. In children, spontaneous revascularization can occur, as in Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. Consequently, the aim of treatment is to restore proper hip containment to prevent joint arthritis. This is the first study reporting long-term results at skeletal maturity of non-operative and surgical treatments for ONFH in SCD children.

Methods

All children with ONFH due to SCD were retrospectively reviewed. At initial evaluation, extension of osteonecrosis was radiographically defined using Catterall, lateral pillar Herring and Ficat classifications. Subluxation of the femoral head with Reimers migration index > 30% required surgical treatment including femoral varus osteotomy and/or pelvic osteotomies. Conservative treatment including non-weight bearing and physiotherapy was performed in the remaining cases. Outcomes were assessed at skeletal maturity using the Harris Hip Score (HHS) and the Stulberg classification. Total hip arthroplasty and Stulberg 5 were defined as failures.

Results

A total of 25 hips in 17 patients were included (mean follow-up 7.5 years SD 3.4). Mean age at diagnosis was 11.4 years SD 2.9. In all, 15 hips (60%) were classified Catterall 3 and 4 and Herring B and C. A total of 13 patients (52%) underwent surgical treatment. At skeletal maturity, mean HHS was good (81 SD 17), 12 hips (48%) were classified Stulberg 1 and 2, seven hips (28%) were classified Stulberg 3 and 4.

Conclusion

Both treatments led to good functional results with 75% of congruent hips at skeletal maturity.

Level of Evidence

IV
Implementing and Operating Computer Graphics in the Contemporary Chemistry Education
Authors: Popovska Olga
Published: January 2018

Technology plays a crucial role in modern teaching, providing both, educators and students fundamental theoretical insights as well as supporting the interpretation of experimental data. In the long term it gives students a clear stake in their learning processes. Advancing in education furthermore largely depends on providing valuable experiences and tools throughout digital and computer literacy. Here and after, the computer’s benefit makes no exception in the chemistry as a science. The major part of computer revolutionizing in the chemistry laboratory is with the use of images, diagrams, molecular models, graphs and specialized chemistry programs. In the sense of this, the teacher provides more interactive classes and numerous dynamic teaching methods along with advanced technology. All things considered, the aim of this article is to implement interactive teaching methods of chemistry subjects using chemistry computer graphics. A group of students (n = 30) at the age of 18–20 were testing using methods such as brainstorming, demonstration, working in pairs, and writing laboratory notebooks. The results showed that demonstration is the most acceptable interactive method (95%). This article is expected to be of high value to teachers and researchers of chemistry, implementing interactive methods, and operating computer graphics
A DFT study of the interaction of bimetallic Pt-Sn with Ethanol
Authors: Zaragoza Irineo-Pedro , Santamaria Ruben , Bokimi Xim , Estrella V. , Castellanos Víctor
Published: January 2018

The study of the interaction of metallic with ethanol is important to understand alternative forms of generating electric energy. In this context, the interaction of the bimetallic Pt-Sn with ethanol is investigated using molecular dynamics in combination with density functional theory. Different interaction channels are determined by changing the initial conditions in the simulation, however, only one of them results in the catalysis of ethanol, producing in the fragmentation OH and H. The changes of the electronic energy, kinetic energy, electron density, HOMO and LUMO molecular orbitals and charge distribution some the relevant variables are used to characterize the interaction of the compounds with time. The results indicate that the Sn atom of the bimetallic compound plays a major role in the catalytic process.
The photo-physical study of the interaction of riboflavin with Nicotine in bicontinuous microemulsion
Authors: Iwunze Maurice Ohaekeleihem
Published: January 2018

Steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy was used to study the interaction of riboflavin with nicotine in a bicontinuous microemulsion system made up of 42.11:13.70:21.34:22.85 % w/w of water: oil: surfactant: cosurfactant. The surfactant used is cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), the oil is tetradecane and the cosurfactant is 1-pentanol. It is observed that the interaction of riboflavin and nicotine in the prepared microemulsion lead to the quenching of riboflavin fluorescence. The bimolecular quenching rate constant, kq, of riboflavin by nicotine was observed as 4.15 x 109 M-1 s -1 with an efficiency of 56 %. The mechanism of the reaction is proposed to be diffusion limited in an activated electron transfer reaction in a solvent separated (outer-sphere) scheme. The electron transfer rate constant, kET, was calculated as 5.89 x 109 s -1 with an activation rate constant, ka, of 9.52 x 109 s -1 . The calculated solvent reorganization energy, λs, of the reaction was 1.09 eV, the free energy of interaction, ΔGo , is -2.9 eV and the free energy of activation, ΔG*, was calculated as 0.75 eV.
Functional properties of a new spread based on olive oil and honeybees
Authors: Tekiki Asma , Helal Raoudha , Hassouna Mnasser , Bornaz Salwa
Published: January 2018

A new alimentary concept has been developed since the 80’s. This one is called “functional food”. In this context, the olive oil and honey are traditionally used in their initial state as a basic food. They are considered as a potential source of new bioactive products from which we can formulate several functional foods. This work will focus on the elaboration of a new spread of honey and olive oil using beeswax as an emulsifier. Physicalchemical characterization, antioxidant and antibacterial activity were evaluated. As for the phenols content, spreads prepared from thyme honey has the highest content (337 mg GAE/kg) compared to other spreads. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by three different methods namely: DPPH test, ABTS + test and the iron reduction method (FRAP) which proves that this last has a higher activity than the other spreads (EC50 of 70 mg /L using DPPH, EC50 of 20 mg /L using ABTS). An agar-well diffusion assay was used to assess the activity of honeys against seven bacteria strains. All prepared spreads honey samples showed highest antibacterial activity against all bacterial strains tested (diameter of ZI > 20mm). Hence, we note that our new spread proved by excellence to be a functional food due to the high content of phenols and the important antibacterial and antioxidant activities.
La contribución de la revista Vitral al fortalecimiento de la sociedad civil en Cuba
Authors: Contreras García Delia
Published: January 2018

En esta investigación se han analizado los artículos de opinión publicados en la sección «Educación Cívica» de la revista católica Vitral, del Centro Cívico-Religioso de Pinar del Río, durante el período comprendido entre septiembre de 2002 y enero de 2004, con el objetivo de determinar su papel en el fortalecimiento de la sociedad civil en Cuba. Como herramienta metodológica elegimos el análisis de contenido, tanto cuantitativo como cualitativo. Partiendo de los resultados aportados por la cuantificación de la información seleccionada, procedimos al estudio de su contenido, enmarcándolo en el contexto de la realidad cubana. Previamente elaboramos un marco teórico, a fin de aclarar el concepto de sociedad civil y las principales características de la cubana, así como el papel desempeñado por la Iglesia y los laicos católicos en el fomento de la misma.
KONTRIBUSI LINGKUNGAN KELUARGA DALAM MEMBANGUN PERILAKU SEKSUAL ANAK USIA DASAR
Authors: NINGSIH ISTI
Published: January 2018

Sexual behavior is all behavior that is driven by sexual desire that is naturally owned by each human being. But the influence of various environments on child sexual behavior, making each child has different sexual behavior. One environment that plays a major role in contributing to child sexual behavior is the family environment. The contribution of the family in building the child’s sexual behavior can be done in the form of: (1) Provision of sex education for the child (2)Parental supervision on child sex behavior and (3) Parental attention to children’s activities. By considering these three things, the child’s sexual behavior can be safeguarded early and can prevent sexual behaviors that should not have occurred at the age of the basic child.

Keywords: Family Contribution, Sexual Behavior, Basic Age
THE USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN INTERCULTURAL FRIENDSHIP DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Mas'udah Durrotul
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT. Studying in a foreign country provides an opportunity for students from diverse cultural backgrounds to develop an intercultural friendship between each other. In today’s increasingly digitalized society, the use of social media cannot be detached from any communication context, including intercultural communication. Previous studies have examined the use of social media in various settings of intercultural communication. This study aims to examine the use of social media in intercultural friendship development among foreign students in Kocaeli University, Turkey. Applying qualitative method, six foreign students who represent four different cultural backgrounds were interviewed in this study. The interview tried to explore their subjective experiences of using social media to develop an intercultural friendship with other foreign students in their surroundings. The study reveals various similarities and differences of the pattern, evaluation, and impact of using social media in intercultural friendship development. The study concludes that the use of social media tends to enhance the intercultural friendship development.
ETIKA KOMUNIKASI DALAM MEDIA SOSIAL BAGI IBU- IBU PKK DI DESA MEKARMUKTI KAB.BANDUNG BARAT (Studi Deskriptif Kualitatif tentang Etika Komunikasi dalam Media Sosial bagi Ibu-Ibu PKK di desa Mekarmukti Kab.Bandung Barat)
Authors: Prasanti Ditha , Indriani Sri Seti
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Humans as social beings, certainly put through the process of communication in everyday life. The communication process can be done by using the existing role of the media. The development of technology, the development of the media has become increasingly sophisticated. One of them is the existence of social media. Currently, the communication process becomes easier, so we also know mediated communication, which in this study is through social media. In using social media, of course, can not arbitrarily, but there is a communication ethics that need to be considered. Ethics of communication in social media is what will be studied by researchers. In this digital era, social media development had already entered into the lives of women in rural areas, one of which is the PKK in the village Mekarmukti, Kab. West Bandung. As for the focus of this study are: (1) determine the ethics of communication in social media for the PKK in the village Mekarmukti, Kab.Bandung West; (2) determine the type of social media used by the PKK in the village Mekarmukti, Kab.Bandung West. This study used a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Researchers used data collection techniques include: observation, interview and documentation study. The results of this study indicate that: (1) the ethics of communication in social media for the PKK include communication ethics in the context of time, the contents of the message, and the communicant; (2) the type of social media used is facebook, BBM, and WhatApp.
KOMUNIKASI TERAPEUTIK DALAM KONSELING (Studi Deskriptif Kualitatif Tahapan Komunikasi Terapeutik dalam Pemulihan Trauma Korban Kekerasan Terhadap Istri di Rifka Annisa Women’s Crisis Center Yogyakarta)
Authors: Fitriarti Etik Anjar
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Violence against wives that occured in Indonesia until now there are still many happened. This resulted in various issues such as the trauma of the victims (clients).This client usually ask for help in social institutions such as Rifka Annisa Women’s Crisis Center as Non Govermental Organization (NGO) that protect, help and the empower women being a victim of violence. Rifka Annisa Women’s Crisis Center give counseling for the client to raise awareness and recovery client’s trauma. Researchers found communication therapeutic happened in counseling because in counseling happened communication that aims to relieve trauma felt by clients. Researchers analyzed use the theory of therapeutic communication and also put it to the theory of 5 stages of grief to know the psychological clients at each stage of the counseling there are denial, anger, offering, sorrow and acceptance. This research uses the method descriptive qualitative. Informants of research are counselors of psychology which were selected purposively sampling. Data is collected through in-depth interviews, observation the field and documentation.This research result indicates therapy communication is done by counselor in counseling that happened 4 steps there are pre interaction, the orientation, the work and the termination. In addition at every step of therapeutic communication was stages of recovery grief.
REPRESENTASI KOMUNIKASI BUDAYA “NGARAK PENGANTIN BUAYA PUTIH” DALAM PERUBAHAN SOSIAL MASYARAKAT PADARINCANG
Authors: Mulyasih Rahmi , Sururi Ahmad
Published: January 2018

As one part of local wisdom, traditional art of Ngarak Pengantin Buaya Putih in Padarincang Village, Serang Regency experienced various dimensions of change in facing social change. The tendency is that people are slowly starting to display the outside culture in the wedding. This indicates a social change in Padarincang society, this social change is characterized by the reluctance of some younger generation to preserve the arts of " Ngarak Pengantin Buaya Putih ". The purpose of this study is to find out how the representation of cultural communication of White Buaya bride in the changes of social change at this time, the identification of efforts made in maintaining the traditional arts of white crocodile bride, the obstacles faced and the model of cultural communication in social change. The method used in this study is phenomenology with data collection techniques using interviews, observation and documentation. The results of the study and discussion show that the interaction and transactional communication model between Padarincang community and the outside community has resulted in the impact of social change which resulted in the local cultural stragnation. Although Padarincang society still strives to maintain the existence of art of " Ngarak Pengantin Buaya Putih " in the middle of social change and communication model that occurs in a responsive and transactional interaction. Various efforts of the stakeholders have been done in maintaining the existence of art of white crocodiles bride like the presence of sanggar, socialization and appreciation of local art displays in various community activities.
Humanistic, artistic and pedagogic aspects of Orff-Schulwerk music and dance pedagogy
Orff-Schulwerk müzik ve hareket eğitiminin insani, sanatsal ve pedagojik yönleri
Authors: Özevin Banu
Published: January 2018

Orff-Schulwerk Music and Movement Pedagogy is a contemporary music education philosophy, born out of the work of composer Carl Orff. Orff-Schulwerk has a holistic understanding in music education which is a combination of music, movement and language. Orff-Schulwerk enables the individual to develop his creative potential in group activities based on improvisation. Orff-Schulwerk's philosophy is that everyone can make music. With this understanding, everyone can take part in the Schulwerk lesson and have the opportunity for artistic expression of self without the distinction of gifted-talented, child-adult, and normal-developmental-disabled. As in many countries of the world, Orff-Schulwerk Pedagogy is used effectively in music education and preschool education in Turkey.In this study, in spite of the fact that it is a built-in structure, the human, artistic and pedagogical aspects of Orff-Schulwerk have been elaborated separately in order to better understand the approach. In the conclusion and discussion section, questions and problems about Orff-Schulwerk Music and Movement Education's place in Turkish Education System and adaptation to Turkish culture were shared.Extended English abstract is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetOrff-Schulwerk Müzik ve Hareket Eğitimi, besteci Carl Orff’un çalışmalarından doğan, çağdaş bir müzik eğitimi felsefesidir. Orff-Schulwerk, müzik, hareket ve dil ögelerinin birlikte kullanıldığı, doğaçlamalara dayanan, grup aktiviteleri içinde bireyin yaratıcı potansiyelini geliştirmesine olanak sağlayan bütüncül bir müzik eğitimi anlayışıdır. Orff-Schulwerk’in felsefesi herkesin müzik yapabileceği yönündedir. Bu anlayış sayesinde yetenekli-yeteneksiz, çocuk-yetişkin, normal gelişim gösteren-engelli ayrımı olmadan herkes Schulwerk dersi içinde yer alabilir ve kendini sanatsal olarak ifade etme olanağını yakalayabilir. Dünyanın birçok ülkesinde olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de Orff-Schulwerk Pedagojisi müzik eğitimi ve okulöncesi eğitiminde etkin bir biçimde kullanılmaktadır.İçiçe geçmiş bir yapı olmasına rağmen, bu çalışmada yaklaşımın daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için Orff-Schulwerk’in insani, sanatsal ve pedagojik yönleri ayrı ayrı ayrıntılı olarak irdelenmiştir. Sonuç ve tartışma bölümünde Orff-Schulwerk Müzik ve Hareket Eğitimi’nin Türk Eğitim sistemindeki yeri ve Türk kültürüne uyarlanması ile ilgili sorular ve sorunlar paylaşılmıştır.
Constructive and technological aspects of the heat flow imitator based on diamond-like films
Authors: Nikolaenko Yu. E. , Melnyk R. S. , Rudenko A. I. , Rotner S. M.
Published: January 2018

The paper describes features of the design and manufacturing technology of a volumetric detachable heat flow imitator designed for the study of thermal characteristics and for carrying out thermal tests of heat pipes of cooling systems for electronic equipment. The authors use thin alumina ceramic plates with deposited with diamond-like films as heating elements of the imitator. Experimental results are presented on the surface temperature of heating elements and the temperature drop between the heating elements and the heat pipe in the region of the input heat flux values from 5 to 25 W. The use of the proposed heat flow imitator allows speeding up the process of research and testing of heat pipes.
Thermoelectric device with electronic control unit for diagnostics of inflammatory processes in the human organism
Authors: Anatychuk L. I. , Kobylianskyi R. R. , Cherkez R. G. , Konstantynovych I. A. , Hoshovskyi V. I. , Tiumentsev V. A.
Published: January 2018

The paper presents a thermoelectric device capable of simultaneously measuring the temperature and density of heat fluxes on the surface of a human body with the help of a developed thermoelectric sensor with a thermostated free surface, thus excluding the effect of ambient temperature on the sensor readings. A special computer programme has been developed for processing the measurement results by way of accumulating and reproducing them in a specified form on a personal computer, which enables monitoring the temperature and thermal state of a human in real time. The specific features of the device design and its technical characteristics are given.
Serotonin Disinhibits aCaenorhabditis elegansSensory Neuron by Suppressing Ca2+-Dependent Negative Feedback
Authors: Williams Paul D.E. , Zahratka Jeffrey A. , Rodenbeck Matthew , Wanamaker Jason , Linzie Hilary , Bamber Bruce A.
Published: January 2018

Neuromodulators, such as serotonin (5-HT), alter neuronal excitability and synaptic strengths, and define different behavioral states. Neuromodulator-dependent changes in neuronal activity patterns are frequently measured using calcium reporters because calcium imaging can easily be performed on intact functioning nervous systems. With only 302 neurons, the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegansprovides a relatively simple, yet powerful, system to understand neuromodulation at the level of individual neurons.C. eleganshermaphrodites are repelled by 1-octanol, and the initiation of these aversive responses is potentiated by 5-HT. 5-HT acts on the ASH polymodal nociceptors that sense the 1-octanol stimulus. Surprisingly, 5-HT suppresses ASH Ca2+transients while simultaneously potentiating 1-octanol-dependent ASH depolarization. Here we further explore this seemingly inverse relationship. Our results show the following (1) 5-HT acts downstream of depolarization, through Gαq-mediated signaling and calcineurin, to inhibit L-type voltage-gated Ca2+channels; (2) the 1-octanol-evoked Ca2+transients in ASHs inhibit depolarization; and (3) the Ca2+-activated K+channel, SLO-1, acts downstream of 5-HT and is a critical regulator of ASH response dynamics. These findings define a Ca2+-dependent inhibitory feedback loop that can be modulated by 5-HT to increase neuronal excitability and regulate behavior, and highlight the possibility that neuromodulator-induced changes in the amplitudes of Ca2+transients do not necessarily predict corresponding changes in depolarization.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeuromodulators, such as 5-HT, modify behavior by regulating excitability and synaptic efficiency in neurons. Neuromodulation is often studied using Ca2+imaging, whereby neuromodulator-dependent changes in neuronal activity levels can be detected in intact, functioning circuits. Here we show that 5-HT reduces the amplitude of depolarization-dependent Ca2+transients in aC. elegansnociceptive neuron, through Gαqsignaling and calcineurin but that Ca2+itself inhibits depolarization, likely through Ca2+-activated K+channels. The net effect of 5-HT, therefore, is to increase neuronal excitability through disinhibition. These results establish a novel 5-HT signal transduction pathway, and demonstrate that neuromodulators can change Ca2+signals and depolarization amplitudes in opposite directions, simultaneously, within a single neuron.
Functional Segmentation of the Anterior Limb of the Internal Capsule: Linking White Matter Abnormalities to Specific Connections
Authors: Safadi Ziad , Grisot Giorgia , Jbabdi Saad , Behrens Timothy E. , Heilbronner Sarah R. , McLaughlin Nicole C.R. , Mandeville Joe , Versace Amelia , Phillips Mary L. , Lehman Julia F. , Yendiki Anastasia , Haber Suzanne N.
Published: January 2018

The anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) carries thalamic and brainstem fibers from prefrontal cortical regions that are associated with different aspects of emotion, motivation, cognition processing, and decision-making. This large fiber bundle is abnormal in several psychiatric illnesses and a major target for deep brain stimulation. Yet, we have very little information about where specific prefrontal fibers travel within the bundle. Using a combination of tracing studies and diffusion MRI in male nonhuman primates, as well as diffusion MRI in male and female human subjects, we segmented the human ALIC into five regions based on the positions of axons from different cortical regions within the capsule. Fractional anisotropy (FA) abnormalities in patients with bipolar disorder were detected when FA was averaged in the ALIC segment that carries ventrolateral prefrontal cortical connections. Together, the results set the stage for linking abnormalities within the ALIC to specific connections and demonstrate the utility of applying connectivity profiles of large white matter bundles based on animal anatomic studies to human connections and associating disease abnormalities in those pathways with specific connections. The ability to functionally segment large white matter bundles into their components begins a new era of refining how we think about white matter organization and use that information in understanding abnormalities.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) connects prefrontal cortex with the thalamus and brainstem and is abnormal in psychiatric illnesses. However, we know little about the location of specific prefrontal fibers within the bundle. Using a combination of animal tracing studies and diffusion MRI in animals and human subjects, we segmented the human ALIC into five regions based on the positions of axons from different cortical regions. We then demonstrated that differences in FA values between bipolar disorder patients and healthy control subjects were specific to a given segment. Together, the results set the stage for linking abnormalities within the ALIC to specific connections and for refining how we think about white matter organization in general.
Who Will Lead Us?
Authors: Heilman Samuel C.
Published: January 2018

This is an account of five contemporary Hasidic dynasties and their complex process of succession. Two dynasties – Munkács and Boyan – describe a situation with too few successors, two – Bobov and Satmar – with too many, and one – Lubavitch – where the Hasidim deny a need for a successor at all claiming their last leader never really died. Each of these stories offers a narrative of continuity, of transformation in a group at once mysterious and yet transparent that seeks permanence in a modern world seemingly inimical to it. These are stories of the making and unmaking of men, a search for charisma and struggles for power, of families united and divided, of death and resurrection as well as hopes raised and dashed. They answer the eternal question of Hasidism: Who will lead us?
Introduction
Authors: Alkon Alison Hope , Guthman Julie
Published: January 2018

This chapter argues that food activists need to look beyond the politics of their plates to engage with broader questions of racial and economic inequalities, strategy and political transformation. It grounds the examples that follow in two ongoing scholarly debates. The first regards the role of inequalities, particularly of race and class, in shaping past and present industrial and alternative food systems. The second looks to strategies and tactics. While some have argued that the provision of relatively apolitical alternatives to industrial food systems lays the groundwork for transformative change, the editors of this volume urge activists to follow those profiled in this book towards more cooperative, oppositional and collective strategic choices. The introduction ends with an overview of the chapters to come.
Farmworker-Led Food Movements Then and Now
Authors: Minkoff-Zern Laura-Anne
Published: January 2018

Based on ethnographic fieldwork with farmworkers and farmworker advocates in California and Florida, this chapter explores the progress made by farmworker-led, consumer-supported movements for farmworker justice. It argues for the need to break down divides between producer and consumer, rural and urban, and individual and community based approaches to changing the food system. It contends that farmworker-led consumer-based campaigns and solidarity movements, such as the Coalition of Immokalee Workers’ (CIW) current Campaign for Fair Food, and The United Farmworkers’ historical grape boycotts, successfully work to challenge agrarian imaginaries, drawing consumers into movement-based actions. This research illustrates the possibilities for alternative food movement advocates and coalitions to build upon farmworker-led campaigns and embrace workers as leaders.
Ritual and the (Un)making of the Pentecostal Relational World
Authors: Haynes Naomi
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines how the relationships formed in Pentecostal churches—both vertical ties to church leaders and horizontal ties among laypeople—are worked out through ritual. Over the course of a Sunday morning worship service, believers move toward increasingly hierarchical practices like preaching, demonstrating the primacy of ties to church leaders in the Pentecostal relational world. However, egalitarian practices like prayer nevertheless persist throughout the ritual, reminding everyone that charismatic authority is by definition unstable. At any moment, the authority of the pastor may be challenged, and his position as a spiritual leader given to someone else. This potential for charismatic hierarchy to be upended serves as an important safeguard against what one believer called “corruption.”
THE ROLE OF INNOVATION IN MEDIATING MARKET ORIENTATION TO COMPANY PERFORMANCE
Authors: Putri Putu Intan Paradictha Pradnya , Yasa Ni Nyoman Kerti , Rahyuda I Ketut
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of market orientation towards innovation, the effect of market orientation on performance, the effect of innovation on the performance and innovation mediating role of market orientation on corporate performance convection in Denpasar. This study took a sample of 123 respondents who market their products in the city of Denpasar. The analysis technique used in this study is the path analysis. Results of market orientation hypothesis testing showed positive and significant impact on innovation, market orientation and significant positive effect on company performance, innovation and significant positive effect on company performance. Innovation is able to mediate the relationship of market orientation on business performance significantly. The practical implications derived from this study that the orientation of the market is able to create innovations that will directly improve the performance of the company. Employers convection in Denpasar should develop a culture of orientation on the market so as to boost innovation by adapting new ideas oriented market changes in order to achieve improved performance of the company
CASH HOLDING, GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND FIRM VALUE
Authors: Nisasmara Prana Wahyu , Musdholifah Musdholifah
Published: January 2018

This research aims to understand the influence of profitability, capital structure, cash holding, and GCG (Good Corporate Governance) on firm value.  The samples of this study were the property sector and real estate companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in the period of 2008-2013. The data used from the annual report company. The methods of data analysis were multiple regression models and analyzed using IBM SPSS software. The results of this study are profitability has no influence on firm value, capital structure has positive influence on firm value, cash holding has no influence on firm value and GCG a has a positive influence on firm value.
ANALYSIS OF IPO UNDERPRICING FLUCTUATION: EMPIRICAL STUDY IN INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE
Authors: Hanafi Mamduh M.
Published: January 2018

This study attempts to analyze fluctuation of IPO underpricing in Indonesia market from 1990-2010. This research test three proposed hypotheses: changing risk composition, changing incentives alignment, and changing issuers’ objective function. The researcher also add other variables as potential explanation for underpricing fluctuation: introduction of book building mechanism in year 2000, industry (finance and non-finance), market return, and privatization (IPO of state owned companies and non-state owned companies). The analysis shows that market return and the introduction of book building mechanism have positive impact on underpricing. However, when both variables in regression equation are included, the effect of market return disappears, while the effect of book building mechanism persists. This finding seems to support Book Building advantage arguments and changing issuers’ objective functions hypothesis, in the sense that the introduction of book building mechanism changes objective function of parties involved. Final result is a change in IPO under pricing.
The Role of Spiritual-Based Leadership as Predictor in Improving Employee Performance
Authors: Hidayah Siti , Sutopo Sutopo
Published: January 2018

This study aims to develop the concept of spiritual-based leadership in solving the controversy of empirical research results. This leadership relies more on spiritual intelligence in its leadership activities, and maintains ethical values and divine values. The population is all employees who come from 13 Baitul Mal Wa Tamwil (BMT) in Semarang City. Samples is set at 100 people as respondents. The sample that is feasible to process is 79 samples. While the sampling technique is stratified sampling technique, then each sample is selected using random sampling. Testing of hypothesis is using linear regression analysis method with program SPSS Version 16.0. The results showed that the spiritual-based leadership has positive and significant effect on the em-ployee performance at BMT in Semarang City proved acceptable. This means that spiritual-based leadership can be said to have a role as a predictor in improving employee performance. For the next, The reseach can develope to improve performance by another variable. The vari-able like another leadership style and spiritual motivation.
Performance Enhancement Model of Human Resources through Knowledge Sharing
Authors: Arizqi Arizqi
Published: January 2018

This study aims to examine the effect of exogenous variable consisting of organizational dimen-sion including organizational learning culture, support from top management, and individu-als namely openness in communication in affecting knowledge sharing of individuals. Besides, this study also examined how the role of knowledge sharing in improving human resource performance at Sharia Banking. This study was conducted through SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) test by using SmartPLS, a statistical software. The study was done through survey method by distributing questionnaire to 145 employees from frontliner departments at three of Sharia banks in Semarang. The findings of this study showed that two organizational di-mensions (Organizational Learning Culture and Top Management Support) have significant effect on the improvement of knowledge sharing. While Openness in Communication, the individual dimension, could not determine the improvement of knowledge sharing. Then, the improvement of human resource performance at sharia banking could be done by improving knowledge sharing.
Strengthening of Intellectual Capital Dimension
Authors: Sarjana Sri , Khayati Nur , Warini Lis , Praswiyati Praswiyati
Published: January 2018

The main objective of this research is to explore capabilities related to trust, self-efficacy, intellectual capital and job satisfaction at head-hunter companies in Indonesia. Development of human resources needs to be done through the strengthening of intellectual capital. Intellectual capital is needed head-hunter in improving company performance. The key to successful head-hunter companies if it has human resources that have added value, especially strong intellectual capital. Research sampling was conducted on 253 candidates who utilize head-hunter services an effort to develop themselves. Quantitative research was developed by utilizing structural equation modeling. Research model developed head-hunter companies that describes intellectual capital as research findings refers to previous model of research. This finding concludes that trust and self-efficacy have significant influence on intellectual capital. Another conclusion stated that intellectual capital has significant effect on job satisfaction. The concept states that intellectual capital can be integrated in global perspective as framework for developing an organization.
The Analysis of Nascent Entrepreneurs’ Happiness Level in Indonesia
Authors: Sitohang Yosep Oktavianus , Sasmita Yoga , Andriyana Yudhie , Pawitan Gandhi
Published: January 2018

This study tried to analyze the factors that influence the happiness level of entrepreneurs in Indonesia especially the nascent entrepreneurs. The level of entrepreneurs’ happiness has a positive effect on the sustainability of their business. The research data are secondary data from 1,148 respondents who are included in the category of Total Early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) at Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) in 2013. The variables employed are motivation, perception and innovation and demographic variables (gender, education and income). Analyzer used is multiple linear regressions with dummy variable. From  the result, it is found that only the motivation, education level and level of income that significantly influence the level of happiness. The nascent entrepreneurs, who have motivation to start a business because of opportunity, have a higher level of happiness than necessity motivation due to necessity. The level of education and income are also proportional to the level of happiness, but the level of education gives greater influence to the level of happiness of nascent entrepreneurs in Indonesia.
EDC IMPACT: Molecular effects of developmental FM 550 exposure in Wistar rat placenta and fetal forebrain
Authors: Rock Kylie D , Horman Brian , Phillips Allison L , McRitchie Susan L , Watson Scott , Deese-Spruill Jocelin , Jima Dereje , Sumner Susan , Stapleton Heather M , Patisaul Heather B
Published: January 2018

Firemaster 550 (FM 550) is a flame retardant (FR) mixture that has become one of the most commonly used FRs in foam-based furniture and baby products. Human exposure to this commercial mixture, composed of brominated and organophosphate components, is widespread. We have repeatedly shown that developmental exposure can lead to sex-specific behavioral effects in rats. Accruing evidence of endocrine disruption and potential neurotoxicity has raised concerns regarding the neurodevelopmental effects of FM 550 exposure, but the specific mechanisms of action remains unclear. Additionally, we observed significant, and in some cases sex-specific, accumulation of FM 550 in placental tissue following gestational exposure. Because the placenta is an important source of hormones and neurotransmitters for the developing brain, it may be a critical target of toxicity to consider in the context of developmental neurotoxicity. Using a mixture of targeted and exploratory approaches, the goal of the present study was to identify possible mechanisms of action in the developing forebrain and placenta. Wistar rat dams were orally exposed to FM 550 (0, 300 or 1000 µg/day) for 10 days during gestation and placenta and fetal forebrain tissue collected for analysis. In placenta, evidence of endocrine, inflammatory and neurotransmitter signaling pathway disruption was identified. Notably, 5-HT turnover was reduced in placental tissue and fetal forebrains indicating that 5-HT signaling between the placenta and the embryonic brain may be disrupted. These findings demonstrate that environmental contaminants, like FM 550, have the potential to impact the developing brain by disrupting normal placental functions.
Profil Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis Mahasiswa dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Matematika Berdasarkan Level Kemampuan Akademik
Authors: Suhandri Suhandri , Nufus Hayatun , Nurdin Erdawati
Published: January 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan koneksi matematis mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematis berdasarkan level kemampuan akademik pada matakuliah Kalkukus Diferensial. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif terhadap kemampuan koneksi matematis 29 orang mahasiswa UIN Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau yang sedang mengambil matakuliah Persamaan Diferensial Biasa. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah instrumen tes kemampuan koneksi matematis beserta alternatif jawabannya, lembar pedoman wawancara, dan lembar validasi. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas teknik tes, teknik wawancara, dan penyebaran angket. Analisis data dilakukan dengan dua cara, yakni analisis data tertulis dilakukan dengan cara mengecek kebenaran jawaban yang diberikan oleh mahasiswa terhadap tes soal kemampuan koneksi matematis dan analisis data hasil wawancara dilakukan dengan mereduksi data. Dari analisis data ditemukan bahwa skor rata-rata kemampuan koneksi matematis mahasiswa secara keseluruhan adalah 3,65. Dan skor rata-rata kemampuan koneksi matematis mahasiswa adalah 3,55 untuk level akademik tinggi, 3,75 dan 3,64 untuk masing-masing level akademik sedang dan rendah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa UIN Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau memiliki kemampuan koneksi matematis yang tinggi dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika pada matakuliah Kalkulus Diferensial baik dipandang secara keseluruhan maupun berdasarkan level akademik.
Bhikkhu Ñ??ananda’s Concept and Reality: A Reply to Stephen Evans
Authors: Dhammadinnā Bhikkhuni
Published: January 2018

This article offers a critical reply to the assessment of Bhikkhu Ka?ukurunde Ñ??ananda’s Concept and Reality in Early Buddhist Thought (1971) published by Stephen Evans in Buddhist Studies Review 34(1), 2017. The alleged flaws and inconsistencies detected by Evans — both internal to the presentation in Concept and Reality and vis-à-vis the doctrinal evidence in the early Pali discourses — are re-addressed in the light of Bhikkhu Ñ??ananda’s work. In particular, the response aims at clarifying the compass of the categories of ‘concept’ and ‘reality’ in relation to perceptions and notions that arise due to conceptual proliferation according to the exegetical line put forward in Concept and Reality.