bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the First Three Extremum Values of Variable Sum Exdeg Index of Trees
Authors: Chen Shu-Bo , Asghar Syed Sheraz , Binyamin Muhammad Ahsan , Iqbal Zahid , Mahmood Tayyeb , Aslam Adnan
Published: May 2021

For a graph G, its variable sum exdeg index is defined as , where a is a real number other than 1 and dx is the degree of a vertex x. In this paper, we characterize all trees on n vertices with first three maximum and first three minimum values of the SEIa index. Also, we determine all the trees of order n with given diameter d and having first three largest values of the SEIa index.
Utilization of Deworming Drugs and Its Individual and Community Level Predictors among Pregnant Married Women in Cameroon: A Multilevel Modeling
Authors: Zegeye Betregiorgis , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Ameyaw Edward Kwabena , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Yaya Sanni
Published: May 2021

Background. Although deworming pregnant women is one of the strategies to reduce parasites (roundworms and hookworms) causing anemia and related perinatal and maternal complications, utilization of deworming medication among pregnant women in Cameroon is suboptimal. Comprehensive assessment of individual, household (including women’s autonomy), and community‐level factors associated with utilization of deworming medication has not been done so far. Therefore, we investigated the individual/household and community‐level factors associated with deworming among pregnant married women in Cameroon. Methods. Our study was limited to pregnant women because they have a greater risk due to increased chances of anemia. We used data from the 2018/19 Cameroon Demographic and Health Survey. Analysis on 5,013 pregnant married women was carried out using multilevel logistic regression. Odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were reported. Results. Our findings showed that about 29.8% of pregnant married women received deworming medications. The individual/household level predictors of deworming medications utilization identified in this study were women’s educational level, wealth quintile, and skilled antenatal care. Distance to health facility and region were identified as community‐level predictors of deworming medications utilization. Higher odds of receiving deworming medication occurred among educated and wealthier pregnant married women as well as among pregnant married women who had skilled antenatal care or lived in the south region, whereas lower odds were observed among pregnant married women living in the north region. Conclusion. Access to education and economic empowerment of pregnant married women in remote areas and the north region should be the primary focus of the Cameroon government to enhance deworming coverage in the country.
Coupled Large Scale Hydromechanical Modelling for Caprock Failure Risk Assessment of Gas Storage in Aquifer
Authors: Zhao Zhenyun , Jia Shanpo , Zhang Kai , Wen Caoxuan , Meng Lingdong
Published: May 2021

The rapidly increasing demand for the consumption of natural gas has attracted the interests to store natural gas in aquifer reservoir. However, natural gas injected into the aquifer reservoir, which could cause ground surface deformation and mechanical integrity destruction of caprock. Taking the aquifer gas storage of S trap as the research object, according to the geological structure and hydrogeological information, a coupling large-scale hydromechanical model is established to evaluate the damage risk of the gas reservoir in S aquifer. The proposed methodology is based on the development of fluid-solid coupling and application of FEM. The different failure mechanisms of S aquifer gas storage caprock can be evaluated on the basis of the tensile failure criterion and Mohr-Coulomb shear failure criterion. To analyze the change of caprock in gas injection and production process more clearly, a reference model is defined as an ideal calculation condition to discuss the mechanical response, pore pressure variation, and surface deformation characteristics of the caprock during injection and production. On this basis, the second scheme of sensitivity analysis is defined. The pressure injection rate, reservoir parameters, in situ stress, and other factors are considered, respectively, and the influence of different input parameters on mechanical stability and surface deformation of caprock is analyzed. Finally, the mechanical stability is analyzed and combined the above two criteria to predict the upper limit injection pressure of S. Simulation results show that the permeability and in situ stress have a significant influence on ground surface deformation and mechanical integrity of caprock, but Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio can be ignored; the upper limit pressure coefficient of S is 1.908.
Evolution Characteristics and Regional Roles’ Influencing Factors of Interprovincial Population Mobility Network in China
Authors: Fang Wei , An Pengli , Liu Siyao
Published: May 2021

This paper analyses the evolutionary characteristics of the interprovincial population mobility network structure in China and explores the roles of provinces from 2010 to 2015. By constructing the interprovincial population mobility network, we examine the provinces’ functions during periods of population mobility through population mobility diversity, population mobility, and population mobility intermediation. The results show that the coverage and tightness of the interprovincial population mobility network were influenced by national economic development, increasing steadily from 2010 to 2014 and then suddenly falling in 2015. The regions that played essential roles in the province’s mobility diversity and intermediation showed a dispersion trend. In contrast, areas that played a vital role in the inflows or outflows were relatively concentrated and stable. Additionally, this work further explores how economic factors, e.g., GDP, residents’ consumption levels, total population, unemployment rate, and consumer price index, are used as independent variables to analyse the provinces’ roles in the interprovincial population mobility network. The analysis shows that the inflow or outflow volumes are easily affected by the five indices. These five indices are significantly related to network role indicators to different extents.
Clinical Presentation, Renal Histopathological Findings, and Outcome in Patients with Monoclonal Gammopathy and Kidney Disease
Authors: Alfano Gaetano , Delrio Alice , Fontana Francesco , Mori Giacomo , Cazzato Silvia , Ferrari Annachiara , Perrone Rossella , Giovanella Silvia , Ligabue Giulia , Magistroni Riccardo , Cappelli Gianni
Published: May 2021

Monoclonal gammopathies are associated with acute and chronic kidney injury. Nephrotoxicity of the secreted monoclonal (M)-protein is related to its biological properties and blood concentration. Little is known about epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and outcome of monoclonal gammopathies in patients with kidney disease. We retrospectively collected data about demographics, clinical manifestations, and renal histological lesions of all patients (n = 1334) who underwent kidney biopsy between January 2000 and March 2017. Monoclonal gammopathy was detected in 174 (13%) patients with a mean age of 66.4 ± 13.1 years. The spectrum of monoclonal gammopathies comprised monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significate (MGUS) (52.8%), multiple myeloma (MM) (25.2%), primary amyloidosis (AL) (9.1%), smoldering MM (SMM) (4%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (6.8%), and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) (1.7%). Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) accounted for 6.5% in patients with MGUS and 14.2% in patients with SMM. Evaluation of kidney biopsy revealed that M-protein was directly involved in causing kidney injury in MM (93.1%). MM was the only gammopathy significantly associated with an increased risk of kidney injury (odds ratio [OR] = 47.5, CI 95%, 13.7–164.9;

P
≤
0.001

). While there were no significant differences in the progression toward end-stage renal disease or dialysis

P
=
0.776

, monoclonal gammopathies were associated with a different risk of death

P
=
0.047

at the end of the follow-up. In conclusion, monoclonal gammopathy was a frequent finding (13%) in patients who underwent kidney biopsy. M-protein was secreted by both premalignant (56.8%) and malignant (43.2%) lymphoproliferative clones. Kidney biopsy had a key role in identifying MGRS in patients with MGUS (6.5%) and SMM (14.2%). Among monoclonal gammopathies, only MM was significantly associated with biopsy-proven kidney injury. The rate of end-stage renal disease or dialysis was similar among monoclonal gammopathies, whereas NHL, MM, and SMM showed a higher rate of deaths.
Quantized Feedback Control of Active Suspension Systems Based on Event Trigger
Authors: Sun Jinwei , Cong Jingyu , Zhao Weihua , Zhang Yonghui
Published: May 2021

As the deviation error will accumulate during the data acquisition and transcoding process of an active suspension system, this paper presents a sliding‐mode‐based quantized feedback control method. The aim of the controller is to improve the vertical performance of vehicles in the presence of external interferences. A 7‐DOF suspension model with nonlinear springs and actuator dynamics is built for the control purpose. Firstly, a static quantizer on the uplink channel and a dynamic quantizer on the downlink channel are considered in the sliding mode controller to reduce the cumulative error and suppress the sprung mass motions. Secondly, an event trigger mechanism is introduced in the controller design process to reduce energy consumption and operation frequency of the actuator. The overall stability of the designed controller is proved by the Lyapunov functions. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed controller. Different quantitative and trigger conditions are discussed, and the random road excitation is considered as the external disturbance input. The results of the control method indicate that the designed controller can improve the riding comfort with little loss of handling stability compared with the passive system. In addition, the trigger mechanism can improve the working efficiency of actuators effectively.
Therapeutic Potential of Polyphenols in the Management of Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Kabir Md. Tanvir , Tabassum Nuzhat , Uddin Md. Sahab , Aziz Faissal , Behl Tapan , Mathew Bijo , Rahman Md. Habibur , Akter Raushanara , Rauf Abdur , Aleya Lotfi
Published: May 2021

Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a common and serious diabetes-associated complication that primarily takes place because of neuronal dysfunction in patients with diabetes. Use of current therapeutic agents in DN treatment is quite challenging because of their severe adverse effects. Therefore, there is an increased need of identifying new safe and effective therapeutic agents. DN complications are associated with poor glycemic control and metabolic imbalances, primarily oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation. Various mediators and signaling pathways such as glutamate pathway, activation of channels, trophic factors, inflammation, OS, advanced glycation end products, and polyol pathway have a significant contribution to the progression and pathogenesis of DN. It has been indicated that polyphenols have the potential to affect DN pathogenesis and could be used as potential alternative therapy. Several polyphenols including kolaviron, resveratrol, naringenin, quercetin, kaempferol, and curcumin have been administered in patients with DN. Furthermore, chlorogenic acid can provide protection against glutamate neurotoxicity via its hydrolysate, caffeoyl acid group, and caffeic acid through regulating the entry of calcium into neurons. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate treatment can protect motor neurons by regulating the glutamate level. It has been demonstrated that these polyphenols can be promising in combating DN-associated damaging pathways. In this article, we have summarized DN-associated metabolic pathways and clinical manifestations. Finally, we have also focused on the roles of polyphenols in the treatment of DN.
A Fetus with Imperforate Anus Developing Pulmonary Hypoplasia Triggered by Transient Urethral Obstruction
Authors: Toshimitsu Masatake , Iriyama Takayuki , Sayama Seisuke , Suzuki Kan , Kakiuchi Satsuki , Ichinose Mari , Seyama Takahiro , Sone Kenbun , Kumasawa Keiichi , Nagamatsu Takeshi , Fujii Tomoyuki , Osuga Yutaka
Published: May 2021

Pulmonary hypoplasia is a rare entity in a fetus with imperforate anus. The fetus was diagnosed with high-type imperforate anus with rectourethral fistula based on the dilated fetal bowel and the presence of bowel calcification at 19 weeks of gestation. As gestation advanced, fetal ultrasonography demonstrated development of pulmonary hypoplasia, progressive bowel dilation, and persistent oligohydramnios from 28 weeks of gestation despite a fluid-filled bladder without hydroureter or hydronephrosis. To prevent further worsening of pulmonary hypoplasia caused by thoracic compression due to bowel dilation and oligohydramnios, a male neonate was delivered by cesarean section at 32 weeks of gestation. The neonate showed respiratory failure requiring full respiratory support. Although a catheter did not pass through the urethra into the bladder at birth, cystourethrography revealed the patency of fistula and stenosed lower urinary tract. Prenatal and postnatal findings strongly suggested that the meconium in the colon might have passed into the urethra in the penis, resulting in the physical blockage of urine outflow to the amniotic space which leads urine flow from the bladder to the colon through the fistula, which resulted in subsequent oligohydramnios and bowel dilation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of a fetus with imperforate anus developing pulmonary hypoplasia possibly due to urethral obstruction.
Study on the Propagation Law of Water Hammer Wave in Underwater Blasting and the Reducing Effect of Air Curtain on Water Hammer Wave
Authors: Qi Chao , Hu Zuxiang , Wang Suihong , Jiang Zhixiong , Wu Haoyuan , Yin Zhiqiang
Published: May 2021

The harmful effects (water hammer wave, flying stone, and broken quality of concrete) produced in the process of underwater drilling and blasting are the key factors affecting the safety of underwater drilling and blasting. In fact, the harm caused by the water hammer wave is the most significant. As a consequence, it is of great significance to study the propagation law of water hammer waves. Based on the background of the cofferdam demolition project at the inlet section of Shibishan Central Canal in Ningguo City, China, a three‐dimensional numerical model was established based on Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL) method. Besides, the propagation law of water hammer waves at different water depths with different millisecond times was studied. Meanwhile, the reduction effect of the water hammer wave at different positions of the bubble curtain was analyzed. The results showed that, in the direction of the minimum resistance line of the charge, the attenuation law of the water hammer wave is accorded with the Cole formula and attenuated exponentially. The attenuation speed of the water hammer wave increased at first and then decreased with the increase of the millisecond time. In addition, the attenuation rate of the peak pressure was the fastest when the millisecond interval 30 ms was used. The attenuation of the water hammer wave at different water depths decreased at first and then decreased with the increase of water depth. The attenuation law of the water hammer wave decreased linearly with the increase of the distance between the bubble curtain and the charge. The research results can provide particular guiding significance for similar on‐site construction.
SLFN5 Regulates LAT1-Mediated mTOR Activation in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Martinez Rafael S. , Salji Mark J. , Rushworth Linda , Ntala Chara , Rodriguez Blanco Giovanny , Hedley Ann , Clark William , Peixoto Paul , Hervouet Eric , Renaude Elodie , Kung Sonia H.Y. , Galbraith Laura C.A. , Nixon Colin , Lilla Sergio , MacKay Gillian M. , Fazli Ladan , Gaughan Luke , Sumpton David , Gleave Martin E. , Zanivan Sara , Blomme Arnaud , Leung Hing Y.
Published: May 2021

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard of care for treatment of nonresectable prostate cancer. Despite high treatment efficiency, most patients ultimately develop lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In this study, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis of three in vivo, androgen receptor (AR)-responsive orthograft models of matched hormone-naïve prostate cancer and CRPC. Differential proteomic analysis revealed that distinct molecular mechanisms, including amino acid (AA) and fatty acid metabolism, are involved in the response to ADT in the different models. Despite this heterogeneity, Schlafen family member 5 (SLFN5) was identified as an AR-regulated protein in CRPC. SLFN5 expression was high in CRPC tumors and correlated with poor patient outcome. In vivo, SLFN5 depletion strongly impaired tumor growth in castrated conditions. Mechanistically, SLFN5 interacted with ATF4 and regulated the expression of LAT1, an essential AA transporter. Consequently, SLFN5 depletion in CRPC cells decreased intracellular levels of essential AA and impaired mTORC1 signaling in a LAT1-dependent manner. These results confirm that these orthograft models recapitulate the high degree of heterogeneity observed in patients with CRPC and further highlight SLFN5 as a clinically relevant target for CRPC.

Significance:

This study identifies SLFN5 as a novel regulator of the LAT1 amino acid transporter and an essential contributor to mTORC1 activity in castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Intersection of Heart Failure and Pregnancy: Beyond Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
Authors: DeFilippis Ersilia M. , Haythe Jennifer H. , Walsh Mary Norine , Kittleson Michelle M.
Published: May 2021

Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnant women in the United States. Although peripartum cardiomyopathy is the most common diagnosis for pregnant women with HF, women with preexisting cardiomyopathies and systolic dysfunction are also at risk as the hemodynamic demands of pregnancy can lead to decompensation, arrhythmia, and rarely death. The differential diagnosis of HF in pregnancy is broad and includes Takotsubo or stress cardiomyopathy, exacerbation of a preexisting cardiomyopathy, such as familial cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, or left ventricular noncompaction. This review will explore the implications of pregnancy in women with preexisting cardiomyopathies and de novo HF, risk assessment and preconception planning, decisions about contraception, the safety of HF medications and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators during pregnancy, pregnancy in women with left ventricular assist devices and following heart transplantation.
High‐Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T and Recurrent Vascular Events After First Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Scheitz Jan F. , Lim Jess , Broersen Leonie H. A. , Ganeshan Ramanan , Huo Shufan , Sperber Pia S. , Piper Sophie K. , Heuschmann Peter U. , Audebert Heinrich J. , Nolte Christian H. , Siegerink Bob , Endres Matthias , Liman Thomas G.
Published: May 2021

Background

Recent evidence suggests cardiac troponin levels to be a marker of increased vascular risk. We aimed to assess whether levels of high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs‐cTnT) are associated with recurrent vascular events and death in patients with first‐ever, mild to moderate ischemic stroke.

Methods and Results

We used data from the PROSCIS‐B (Prospective Cohort With Incident Stroke Berlin) study. We computed Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to assess the association between hs‐cTnT levels upon study entry (Roche Elecsys, upper reference limit, 14 ng/L) and the primary outcome (composite of recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction, and all‐cause death). A total of 562 patients were analyzed (mean age, 67 years [SD 13]; 38.6% women; median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale=2; hs‐cTnT above upper reference limit, 39.2%). During a mean follow‐up of 3 years, the primary outcome occurred in 89 patients (15.8%), including 40 (7.1%) recurrent strokes, 4 (0.7%) myocardial infarctions, and 51 (9.1%) events of all‐cause death. The primary outcome occurred more often in patients with hs‐cTnT above the upper reference limit (27.3% versus 10.2%; adjusted hazard ratio, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.3–3.3), with a dose‐response relationship when the highest and lowest hs‐cTnT quartiles were compared (15.2 versus 1.8 events per 100 person‐years; adjusted hazard ratio, 4.8; 95% CI, 1.9–11.8). This association remained consistent in sensitivity analyses, which included age matching and stratification for sex.

Conclusions

Hs‐cTnT is dose‐dependently associated with an increased risk of recurrent vascular events and death within 3 years after first‐ever, mild to moderate ischemic stroke. These findings support further studies of the utility of hs‐cTnT for individualized risk stratification after stroke.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01363856.
Body Mass Index in 1.9 Million Adolescents and Stroke in Young Adulthood
Authors: Bardugo Aya , Fishman Boris , Libruder Carmit , Tanne David , Ram Amit , Hershkovitz Yael , Zucker Inbar , Furer Ariel , Gilon Roy , Chodick Gabriel , Tiosano Shmuel , Derazne Estela , Tzur Dorit , Afek Arnon , Pinhas-Hamiel Orit , Bendor Cole Daniel , Yaniv Gal , Rotem Ran Shmuel , Twig Gilad
Published: May 2021

Background and Purpose:

There is a continuous rise in the prevalence of adolescent obesity and incidence of stroke among young adults in many Western countries, but the association between them is unclear.

Methods:

A nationwide population-based study of 1 900 384 Israeli adolescents (58% men; mean age, 17.3 years) who were evaluated before mandatory military service during 1985 and 2013. Body mass index was classified according to the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention percentiles. Primary outcome was a first stroke event as recorded by the Israeli National Stroke Registry between 2014 and 2018. Cox proportional hazard models were applied.

Results:

There were 1088 first stroke events (921 ischemic and 167 hemorrhagic; mean diagnosis age, 41.0 years). Adolescent body mass index was significantly associated with a graded increase in the risk for any stroke, ischemic stroke, but less so with hemorrhagic stroke. The hazard ratios for the first ischemic stroke event were 1.4 (95% CI, 1.2–1.6), 2.0 (95% CI, 1.6–2.4), and 3.4 (95% CI, 2.7–4.3) for the 50th to 84th percentile, overweight and obese groups, respectively, after adjustment for sex, age, and sociodemographic confounders with the 5th to 49th body mass index percentile group as the reference. The respective hazard ratios after further adjustment for diabetes status were 1.3 (1.1–1.5), 1.6 (1.3–2.0), and 2.4 (1.9–3.1). Results persisted when the cohort was divided by diabetes status and when ischemic stroke before age 30 was the outcome.

Conclusions:

High adolescent body mass index was associated with ischemic stroke in young adults with or without diabetes. The rising prevalence of adolescent obesity may increase the future burden of stroke in young adults.
The Protection of Children against Cybercrimes and Cyberbullying: International and European Obligations to Criminalize and the Uncertain Prospects of their Implementation in the Italian Legal System
Authors: Russo Deborah , Parodi Monica
Published: May 2021

The increasing use of the internet by minors has made public the risk they run of becoming victims of serious cyber-crime. This awareness has led to the adoption of binding and soft-law instruments in the field of International and EU law aimed at combating new forms of crime and protecting minors in the cyberspace. This paper, after having critically analysed the main acts adopted at International and EU level, focuses on their implementation in the Italian legal system. In doing so, cybercrimes committed by adults against children and those committed among peers will be separately considered. The study shows that, despite the legislator’s attempt to carry out the obligations deriving from International and EU Law, there are still several critical profiles in the national law.
Reconciling Complexities of Time in Criminal Justice and Transitional Justice
Authors: Davidović Maja
Published: May 2021

This article analyses complexities of time in transitional justice (tj) and categorises the temporal dichotomies of tj processes as timeboundness/timelessness and linearity/circularity, challenging the dominant linear conception of time in the field. Criminal justice, as the most dominant tj pillar, is seen as timebound, battling with the passage of time to avoid justice being denied or delayed. By its procedural nature, criminal justice is less capable of addressing any circularity or repetition of violence but rather treats acts of violence as ruptures in linear time. Field research in Bosnia and Herzegovina shows that the less conventional tj processes of education and memorialisation are often given the normative content of timelessness and utilised for their capacity to capture some of the repetition of harm. In addition to establishing these distinct temporal regimes and noting any conflicts between them, the article seeks to reconcile them by repositioning criminal justice within tj as a factual and legitimating foundation for education and memorialisation.
Delivery Platform Workers during covid-19 Pandemic in the City of Buenos Aires (Argentina): Deepened Precarity and Workers’ Response in a Context of Epidemiological Crisis
Authors: Elbert Rodolfo , Negri Sofia
Published: May 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic took the world by surprise in early 2020. By March 2020 many countries had taken drastic measures to contain the virus. In Argentina, on 20 March, the government suspended most economic activities. Delivery workers continued with their jobs in a context of high epidemiological risk. In this article, we analyze the work and organizing experiences of these workers from 20 March to 1 July of 2020. First, we look at the consequences of job precarity in the sector during the pandemic. Second, we analyze workers’ perceptions regarding their work in this new context. Finally, we study conflict dynamics between companies and workers under the new circumstances. We analyzed semi-structured interviews with workers and activists conducted by phone and WhatsApp during the aspo and supplemented them with secondary statistical information about their working condition before the pandemic and the analysis of documents published by different workers’ organizations.
ՀՈԳԵՎՈՐ ՈՒ ԱԶԳԱՅԻՆ ԱՐԺԵՔՆԵՐԻ ԱՎԱՆԴՈՒՄԸ ՀԱՄՇԵՆ ԳԱՎԱՌԻ ՔՈՇՏԵՆՑ, ԽՈՒԺԿԱ և ՍԲ. ԽԱՉԻԿ ՀՈՐ ՎԱՆՔԵՐՈՒՄ (XV–XVII ԴԴ.)
Authors: Lusine (Սահակյան Լուսինե) Sahakyan
Published: May 2021

Ամփոփում

Հայոց Համշէն գաւառի մասին հայ պատմագրութիւնը կցկտուր տեղեկութիւններ է հաղորդում։ Այս բացը լրացնում են XV–XVII դդ. Համշէն գաւառի Քոշտենց, Խուժկա, Խաչիկ հոր եւ Ջիմիլի վանքների համշէնցի գրիչները։ Ընդօրինակած ձեռագրերի յիշատակարաններում նրանք թողել են արժէքաւոր վկայութիւններ գաւառի հայկական կիսանկախ իշխանութեան, քաղաքական, հոգեւոր-մշակութային կեանքի, բնակչութեան զբաղմունքի, ժողովրդական հաւատալիքների, լեզուական վիճակի, տեղանունների եւ անձնանունների մասին։ Յիշատակարաններում հեղինակներն իրենց գրանցած դէպքերի ժամանակակիցն ու ականատեսն են։ Նրանք երբեմն փոխանցում են այնպիսի հաւաստի մանրամասներ, որոնք տեղ չեն գտել պատմագրական երկերում։ Համշէնցի գրիչները հոգեւոր գործիչներ էին և վանքերում պահպանել ու զարգացրել են հայ գրչութեան բազմադարեան արուեստը։ Համշէնի հոգեւոր թեմը, ենթակայ լինելով Կ. Պոլսի պատրիարքութեանը, մաս է կազմել Հայ Առաքելական եկեղեցու։ Իսկ Համշէնցի գրիչներ՝ ընդօրինակելով կիրառական նշանակութիւն ունեցող ձեռագրեր, միաժամանակ շրջանառել եւ սերունդներին են աւանդել հայ հոգեւոր գրականութիւնը, քարոզելով առաքելադաւան եկեղեցու հաւատամքը` ձգտելով գաւառը զերծ պահել քաղքեդոնականութեան եւ իսլամացման վտանգից։
Ceratozamia sanchezae (Zamiaceae): a new cycad species from Chiapas Highlands (Mexico)
Authors: GUTIÉRREZ-ORTEGA JOSÉ SAID , PÉREZ-FARRERA MIGUEL A. , VOVIDES ANDREW P. , CHÁVEZ-CORTÁZAR ANGÉLICA , LÓPEZ SERGIO , SANTOS-HERNÁNDEZ NANCY GABRIELA , RUÍZ-ROBLERO SHIRLEY K.
Published: May 2021

The taxonomic classification within the Neotropical cycad genus Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae) has been a challenging task because cohorts of morphological variation in association with conspicuous geographic discontinuities that delimit species are not always easy to observe. Ceratozamia robusta is one example. Although previous studies have suggested that C. robusta presents an unusually high morphological variation across populations, this variation remains unquantified. In particular, we noticed that herbarium specimens from populations in the region Los Altos de Chiapas (Chiapas Highlands) that have been considered as C. robusta notably differ from the rest of the typical C. robusta forms by having narrower leaflets and fewer prickles on the petioles. Thus, we asked whether the populations in the Chiapas Highlands correspond to C. robusta as currently circumscribed. We examined the variation of ten leaf and trunk traits of 97 adult plants from six populations of C. robusta. Variation among the ten traits was significantly differentiated across populations, and such variation is correlated with elevation. Pairwise population differentiation tests and linear discriminant analyses clearly separated three groups: 1) populations similar to the neotype of C. robusta occur at mid-elevations in Chiapas, 2) a large C. robusta form occurs at low elevations in Belize, and 3) populations in the Chiapas Highlands that differ from both. The latter have fewer leaves and leaflets, shorter rachis, arched leaves in mature plants, petioles sparsely armed with thin prickles, smaller male cones, and juvenile forms more similar to those of the C. miqueliana species complex. These results suggest that the populations from the Chiapas Highlands represent a new taxon, here described as Ceratozamia sanchezae. This study highlights the importance of quantifying morphological variation across cycad populations to identify the species delimitation in complex groups.
Updated distribution records of the Anopheles (Anopheles) hyrcanus species-group (Diptera: Culicidae) in China
Authors: RUEDA LEOPOLDO M. , ZHAO TONGYAN , MA YAJUN. J. , GAO QI , DING ZHU GUO , KHUNTIRAT BENJAWAN , SATTABONGKOT JETSUMON , WILKERSON RICHARD C.
Published: May 2021

Mosquito collections were carried out during July–August 2005 in China. The known distribution of Anopheles hyrcanus species-group in China is updated based on published records and original observations. Twenty-one of about 30 known species of the Old World Hyrcanus group (Anopheles subgenus Anopheles), including An. belenrae Rueda, were recorded in 24 provinces and 2 cities. Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann, recorded in 21 provinces and 2 cities, is the most widely distributed species, followed by An. pullus Yamada and An. kweingyangensis Yao and Wu. The status of the type specimens of some Hyrcanus group species and their importance in disease transmission are also noted.
Commentaries on the paper by Fox and collaborators on the morphology of juvenile stages of Ampulex compressa (Fabricius, 1781) (Hymenoptera: Ampulicidae)
Authors: BUYS SANDOR CHRISTIANO
Published: May 2021

Herein I suggest corrections to the paper by Fox et al. (2006) on the juvenile stages of Ampulex compressa (Fabricius, 1781) (Hymenoptera: Ampulicidae). I was included as co-author of that paper because it was based upon specimens that I studied. However, I did not participate in the final elaboration of the manuscript. Throughout, the figures are numbered incorrectly on the actual plates; thus, figure 2 is actually figure 1, and figure 3 is actually figure 2. In the following, I refer to the figure numbers as they are on the plates themselves. More importantly, there are errors in morphological interpretation as follows:
New species of Sargassum-boring Limnoria Leach, 1814 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Limnoriidae) from Japan
Authors: YOSHINO HIROKI , KAMBARA YURIKO , KAJIWARA SHOTA , OHSAWA TAKESHI A.
Published: May 2021

A new marine Sargassum-boring species of Limnoria (Limnoriidae) is described on the basis of specimens obtained at Kamogawa-shi, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. Limnoria aspera sp. nov. shares a reduced mandibular palp to a seta, algal-feeding, and the clavate shaped epipod of the maxilliped with the other species of non-mandibular-palp group. L. aspera sp. nov. differs morphologically from the congeneric species by secondary unguis of pereopods and unique carinae of pleonite 5 and pleotelson. We describe the sequences of the mitochondrial COI gene and the nuclear 28S rDNA gene. L. aspera sp. nov. differs by 14.2–18.0% in p-distance based on COI sequences from other Japanese species, L. furca and L. nagatai.
Molten Salt Synthesized MgNiO2 Micro/Nano-Particles for High Energy Density Supercapacitor and Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Medium
Authors: Maitra S. , Mitra R. , Nath T. K.
Published: May 2021

In recent years, solid solutions have shown promising results as functional materials for different applications. These materials have tunable physiochemical properties and electronic properties, and are being intensively studied for next generation electrochemical charge storage as
well as noble metal free low cost electrocatalyts. In the present work, Magnesium Nickel Oxide (MgNiO2) solid solution is prepared by molten salt synthesis. MgNiO2 particles having octahedron shaped morphology with size of 550 nm with an agglomerative behavior was observed
through morphological studies. Raman studies revealed presence of three two-phonon modes as well as two one-phonon modes, which confirm the phase purity of MgNiO2 sample. MgNiO2 particles behaved as a promising supercapacitor candidate by exhibiting a large specific capacitance
of 76 F/g. It also revealed electrochemical stability over an expansive potential range under the presence of 0.5 mol L-1Sodium Sulfate (Na2SO4) electrolyte, having a high energy density of nearly 51 Wh/kg with a power density of nearly 825 w/kg. Further, MgNiO2
particle showed improved electrocatalytic potential towards Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) in 1 mol L-1 Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) alkaline medium, by demonstrating an overpotential of 0.636 V with a Tafel slope of 0.22205 v/dec. Based on these observed promising results, it can
be conclusively inferred that MgNiO2 solid solution is a potential candidate for environmental friendly high voltage supercapacitor and HER electrocatalyst applications.
Effect of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Concentration in an Electroless Bath on Microstructure and Composition of Ni/Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Nanocomposite
Authors: Almasi Samira , Rashidi Ali Mohammad
Published: May 2021

The effect of the yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) nanoparticle loading in an electro-less bath was considered as one of the vital synthesis variables for control Ni content and microstructure of prepared nanocomposite particles, which are two crucial factors to achieving high-performance SOFC anode. Nanocomposite particles were prepared using a simple electroless method without any expensive pretreatment of sensitizing by Sn2+ ions as well as activating by Pd2+ions that are usually used to apply nickel coating on the surface of a non-conductive substrate. The process was performed by adding YSZ nanoparticles into NaOH solution, separating them from the solution by the centrifugal method, then providing several water-based nanofluids with different concentrations of activated YSZ nanoparticles, mixing them with NiCI2solution, followed by adding the hydrazine and then NaOH solution. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis were used to analyze the prepared nanocomposite particles. It is observed that after adding YSZ nanoparticles into the NaOH solution, the pH of the solution varied gradually from a starting pH of 10.2 to 9. Also, by increasing the YSZ nanoparticles loading in the electroless bath from 76 mg/l to 126 mg/l, the grain size of Ni deposits, the Ni content and the average size of the prepared nanocomposite particles decreased. The electrochemical mechanism previously proposed for the nickel ion reduction was modified, and a novel analytical model was proposed for variation of the efficiency of Ni deposition with YSZ nanoparticles loading.
Pulse-Modulated Plasma Etching of Copper Thin Films via CH3COOH/Ar
Authors: Ryu Jin Su , Lim Eun Taek , Cha Moon Hwan , Chung Chee Won
Published: May 2021

Pulse-modulated plasma etching of copper masked using SIO2 films was conducted via a CH3COOH/Ar. The etch characteristics were examined under pulse-modulated plasma. As the duty ratio of pulse decreased and the frequency of pulse increased, the etch selectivity
and etch profile were improved. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and indicated that more copper oxides (Cu2O and CuO) and Cu(CH3COO)2 were formed using pulse-modulated plasma than those formed using continuous-wave (CW) plasma. As the concentration of CH3COOH
gas in pulse-modulated plasma increased, the formation of these copper compounds increased, which improved the etch profiles. Optical emission spectroscopy confirmed that the active ingredients of the plasma increased with decreasing pulse duty ratio and increasing frequency. Therefore, the
optimized pulsed plasma etching of copper via a CH3COOH/Ar gas provides better etch profile than that by CW plasma etching.
UV Light Activated Multi-Cycle Photoelectric Properties of TiO2 and CdS/TiO 2 Films in Formaldehyde
Authors: Zou Zhijun , Qu Zhongli , Tang Longtao , Qiu Yang , Liao Gaohua , Li Chang , Li Fen , Tao Jiayou
Published: May 2021

In this work, UV light activated multi-cycle photoelectric properties of TiO2 and CdS/TiO2 films in formaldehyde were researched. TiO2 film was prepared by screen printing, CdS/TiO2 compounded film was synthesized by SILAR method. XRD and
FE-SEM was used to characterize the TiO2 and CdS/TiO2 samples. Multi-cycle photoelectric properties of TiO2 and CdS/TiO2 with uv light on and off were evaluated by testing the photocurrent. On one hand, under the same bias voltage, CdS/TiO 2showed
a higher photocurrent than that by TiO2. The reason for this result should be ascribed to the compounded structure in CdS/TiO2, with which the separation and transfer of photogenerated electron-hole pairs could be improved. On the other hand, with the testing cycle number
increased, the photocurrent amplitudes of TiO2 and CdS/TiO2 increased. These results suggested that the time to reach a stable photocurrent value for TiO2 and CdS/TiO2 is much longer than one cycle time (300 S). To illustrate the increased photocurrent
amplitude value cycle by cycle, the photocurrent of CdS/TiO2 to a much longer time (more than 4000 seconds) was also tested. To explain these results, corresponding possible illustrations were presented.
Application of Carbon Nanoparticle Tracers in the Lateral Neck Lymph Nodes of CN1bx Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Qian XiaoYu , Tang Jian , Chu Yongquan , Chen Liang , Chen Ziqiang , Li Lin
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to investigate the applicability of carbon nanoparticle tracers in the lateral neck lymph nodes of CN1bx patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma surgery. 73 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma at our hospital between January 2019 to December 2019 were suspected
metastasis in the lateral neck lymph node before surgical treatment. During the operation, carbon nanoparticle tracers were used as black staining tracers for the lateral neck lymph nodes to detect metastasis in each Compartment of the neck. The lateral Compartment is defined as level ll-V
The black-stained lymph nodes, dyed by Carbon nanoparticle tracers, and non-dyed lymph nodes were compared. Post-surgery paraffin pathology was adopted as the gold standard to calculate the predictive performance of the carbon nanoparticle tracers in detecting lymph node biopsy metastasis.
59 of the patients (80.8%) had lateral neck metastasis. The black-stained lymph nodes, dyed by Carbon nanoparticle tracers, in Compartment IV exhibited the highest proportions in the case number submitted for detection and in lymph nodes metastasis, followed by Compartment III. The metastasis
rate of the dyed lymph nodes in areas III and IV was significantly higher than that of non-dyed lymph nodes (P < 0.05). The sensitivity and accuracy of the dyed lymph node biopsy in Compartments III—IV were 90% and 93.2%, respectively. This predictive performance was similar to that
Compartments ll-V combined. In conclusion, when carbon nanoparticle tracers are used for lymph node biopsy, high sensitivity and accuracy are obtained in lateral neck compartments III—IV, making these compartments ideal for lymph node biopsy.
The Dynamics of Quasi-Stationary Atmospheric Rivers and Their Implications for Monsoon Onset
Authors: Lee Hung-I , Mitchell Jonathan L.
Published: May 2021

A global Hovmöller diagram of column water vapor (CWV) at 30°N from daily ERA-Interim reanalysis data shows seasonally migrating North Pacific/Atlantic quasi-stationary atmospheric rivers (QSARs) located in the Eastern Pacific/Atlantic in winter and propagate to the Western Pacific/Atlantic in summer. Simplified general circulation model (GCM) experiments produce QSAR-like features if the boundary conditions include (1) the sea surface temperature contrast from the tropical warm pool-cold tongue and (2) topographic contrast similar to the Tibetan plateau. Simulated QSARs form downstream of topographic contrast during winter and coincide with it in summer. Two models of baroclinic instability demonstrate that QSARs coincide with the location where the most unstable mode phase speed equals that of the upper-level zonal winds. A consistent interpretation is that the waves become quasi-stationary at this location and break. The location of quasistationarity migrates from the Eastern Pacific/Atlantic in the winter, when upper-level winds are strong and extended over the basin, to the Western Pacific/Atlantic when winds are weak and contracted. Low-level wind convergence and moist static energy coincide with QSARs, and since the former two are essential ingredients to monsoon formation, this implies an important role for QSARs in monsoon onset. This connection opens a new window into the dynamics of subtropical monsoon extensions.
Is the water vapor supersaturation distribution Gaussian?
Authors: Thomas Subin , Prabhakaran Prasanth , Cantrell Will , Shaw Raymond A.
Published: May 2021

Water vapor supersaturation in the atmosphere is produced in a variety of ways, including the lifting of a parcel or via isobaric mixing of parcels. However, irrespective of the mechanism of production, the water vapor supersaturation in the atmosphere has typically been modeled as a Gaussian distribution. In the current theoretical and numerical study, the nature of supersaturation produced by mixing processes is explored. The results from large eddy simulation and a Gaussian mixing model reveal the distribution of supersaturations produced by mixing to be negatively skewed. Further, the causes of skewness are explored using large eddy simulations (LES) and the Gaussian mixing model (GMM). The correlation in forcing of temperature and water vapor fields is recognized as playing a key role.
Convection Initiation and Bore Formation Following the Collision of Mesoscale Boundaries over a Developing Stable Boundary Layer: A Case Study from PECAN
Authors: Lin Guo , Grasmick Coltin , Geerts Bart , Wang Zhien , Deng Min
Published: May 2021

This observational study documents the consequences of a collision between two converging shallow atmospheric boundaries over the central Great Plains on the evening of 7 June 2015. This study uses data from a profiling airborne Raman lidar [the compact Raman lidar (CRL)] and other airborne and ground-based data collected during the Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) field campaign to investigate the collision between a weak cold front and the outflow from an MCS. The collision between these boundaries led to the lofting of high-CAPE, low-CIN air, resulting in deep convection, as well as an undular bore. Both boundaries behaved as density currents prior to collision. Because the MCS outflow boundary was denser and less deep than the cold-frontal air mass, the bore propagated over the latter. This bore was tracked by the CRL for about 3 h as it traveled north over the shallow cold-frontal surface and evolved into a soliton. This case study is unique by using the high temporal and spatial resolution of airborne Raman lidar measurements to describe the thermodynamic structure of interacting boundaries and a resulting bore.
Predictors of Favorable Angiographic Outcomes After Drug-Coated Balloon Use for de novo Small Vessel Coronary Disease (DCB-ONLY)
Authors: Kang Woong Chol , Park Sang Min , Jang Albert Youngwoo , Oh Pyung Chun , Shin Eun-Seok , Yu Cheol Woong , Oh Seung-Jin , Kim Yong Hoon , Won Hoyoun , Lee Sang-Rok , Lee Sang Yeub , Hong Young Joon , Lee Sung Yun , Kim Byung Ok , Kim Sang-Wook ,   On Behalf of the DCB-ONLY Investigators
Published: May 2021

We evaluated the angiographic parameter and clinical outcomes of drug-coated balloon (DCB) to assess the optimal angiographic criteria in de novo small vessel disease (SVD). Patients (n = 424, mean age: 64.4 ± 11.2 years, men: 69.8%) at 20 sites in Korea were prospectively enrolled. The primary end point was late luminal loss (LLL) at 9-month follow-up angiography. Secondary end points included restenosis rates, target lesion failure (TLF), and DCB-related thrombosis during the 12-month follow-up period. We included 403 patients for analysis excluding 21 patients who required bailout stenting. Baseline mean reference vessel .diameter was 2.52 ± 0.39 mm and mean minimal luminal diameter (MLD) was 0.71 ± 0.40 mm. The mean MLD was 1.54 ± 0.37 mm after DCB. Late luminal loss was −0.01 ± 0.43 mm and restenosis was noted in 26 patients (12.2%). Minimal luminal diameter >1.6 mm and % diameter stenosis (DS ) <45% after DCB was associated maintenance of MLD without LLL at 9-months. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that %DS at baseline and post-MLD was associated with the restenosis. During 12-month follow-up, TLF was 2.6% including 1 cardiac death, 1 myocardial infarction, and 10 ischemia-driven target lesion revascularizations. Drug-coated balloon showed a low restenosis and lower LLL despite high in-segment DS. Post-MLD and % DS may be helpful to get optimal results in de novo SVD after DCB.
Manufacturing urbanism: Improvising the urban–industrial nexus through Chinese economic zones in Africa
Authors: Goodfellow Tom , Huang Zhengli
Published: May 2021

The relationship between industrialisation and urban development is subject to assumptions based on experiences in the global North, with little research on how it plays out in countries undergoing urbanisation and industrialisation today. In the context of recent excitement about China’s role in stimulating an ‘industrial revolution’ in Africa, we examine how Chinese zones in Ethiopia and Uganda are influencing the urban–industrial nexus. We argue that Chinese zones are key sites of urban–industrial encounter, but these dynamics are not primarily driven by the government officials that dominate the ‘policy mobilities’ literature, nor by the State-Owned Enterprises usually associated with Chinese activity overseas. Rather, they are emerging through the activities of inexperienced private Chinese actors who do not even operate in the worlds of urban policy. Faced with government histories and capacities that vastly differ from China’s, directly replicating the Chinese experience is virtually impossible; yet the tentative and improvisational relationships between Chinese firms, African government authorities and other local actors are gradually moulding new urbanisms into shape. The piecemeal bargaining and negotiation that unfolds through these relationships bridges some of the gaps between industrialisation and planning, but this cannot compensate for the governance of the urban–industrial nexus at higher scales.