bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Navigating Intricacies of Human Gut Microbiota: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Krishna K S Gowri , Mol G M Mrs. Savitha , K J Dr. Kiran
Published: December 2024

Gut microbiota is a very intricate ecosystem that
shelter an abundant and multifarious community of
microbes that evolve in a human host in a
reciprocal relationship. At the same time, gut
microbiome sums up all genomic characteristics of
gut microbes that are closely linked with the health
status of the host. Moreover, as the human
gastrointestinal tract is a generous environment
comprising over 100 trillion microbes, this aspect
makes the microbiome the great ―virtual organ‖ of
the body, which consequently influences and
modulates the host‘s fitness, phenotype, and
health.[1] Dysbiosis, which is known as
disequilibrium in this complex ecosystem, is
responsible for a variety of human illnesses that
may manifest at every physiological system level.[2]
Even though the notion of ―dysbiosis‖ is a broad
term used lately as a mental shortcut, intestinal
dysbiosis is more and more associated with
unwholesome microbiota and pathogenesis of both
gut-related and extra-intestinal affections.[3] At the
same time, the complex nature of the gut
microbiota is also particular to every individual
organism and is extremely responsible for both
well state of an individual, and unhealthy outcomes
when pathogenic microbes known as pathobionts
are expended.[4] Moreover , metabolic and
nutritional homeostasis, immune system
functioning, intestinal barrier integrity, and cerebral
activity are all influenced and modulated by the gut
microbiota, which directly impacts the crucial
physiological functions of the host.[5]Alterations in
the microbiota can result from exposure to various
environmental factors, including diet, toxins, drugs,
and pathogens. Of these, enteric pathogens have the
greatest potential to cause microbial dysbiosis as
seen in experimental animal models, where
foodborne viral pathogens can trigger both local
and systemic inflammation altering the
composition of the microbiota and barrier
functions, as a mechanism for developing auto
immunity, as in type 1 diabetes and T-cell mediated
destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic betacells.[6]
Perbandingan Sistem Skoring Guy’s Stone Score dan S.T.O.N.E. Nephrolitho-metry Score dalam Memrediksi Stone Free Rate
Authors: Lumangkun Ridel M. , Arianto Eko , Kambey Stefan A. G. P.
Published: December 2024

Abstract: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the primary surgical management for kidney stones larger than >20mm. The success of this procedure is assessed by monitoring the stone free rate (SFR). Currently, SFR can be predicted through validated scoring systems such as Guy’s stone score and S.T.O.N.E. nephrolithometry score. This study aimed to compare Guy’s stone score and S.T.O.N.E. nephrolithometry score in predicting SFR after PCNL at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. This was an observational and analytical study with a cross-sectional design. Data collection was conducted through patients’ medical record data. Data analysis was performed using the Fisher’s Exact Test and the independent t-test through SPSS Statistic Version 26 for MacOS. The results showed that there was no statistically significant relationship between Guy’s Stone Score and SFR after PCNL (p=0.706). The S.T.O.N.E. nephrolithometry score also showed no significant relationship with SFR after PCNL (p=0.514). In conclusion, both Guy’s stone score and S.T.O.N.E. nephrolithometry score do not have significant impact on predicting stone free rate in patients with kidney stone at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado.
Keywords: Guy’s stone score; S.T.O.N.E. nephrolithometry score; stone free rate
  
Abstrak: Percutaneous nephrolitotomy (PCNL) merupakan tatalaksana pembedahan utama batu ginjal berukuran >20mm. Tindakan ini dievaluasi dengan pemantauan stone free rate (SFR). Pada praktik klinis saat ini SFR dapat diprediksi melalui beberapa sistem skoring yang telah divalidasi seperti Guy’s stone score dan S.T.O.N.E. nephrolithometry score. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kedua sistem skoring tersebut dalam memrediksi SFR setelah tindakan PCNL di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Penelitian ini merupakan studi analitik observasional dengan desain potong lintang melalui evaluasi data rekam medik pasien. Uji statistik dilakukan dengan uji Fisher’s Exact Test dan independent t-test menggunakan program SPSS Statistic Version 26 for MacOS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara sistem skoring Guy’s stone score dengan SFR setelah tindakan PCNL (p=0,706). Sistem skoring S.T.O.N.E. nephrolithometry score juga tidak menunjukan hubungan bermakna dengan SFR setelah tindakan PCNL (p=0,514). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah sistem skoring Guy’s Stone Score dan S.T.O.N.E. nephrolithometry score tidak memberikan pengaruh bermakna dalam memrediksi stone free rate pada pasien batu ginjal di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado
Kata kunci: Guy’s stone score; S.T.O.N.E. nephrolithometry score; stone free rate
O FORNECIMENTO DE DADOS PESSOAIS COMO CONTRAPRESTAÇÃO CONTRATUAL PELO CONTEÚDO OU SERVIÇO DIGITAL DISPONIBILIZADOS:
Authors: Pedrosa Laurício
Published: December 2024

O fornecimento gratuito de conteúdos e serviços digitais tornou-se bastante comum no âmbito da rede mundial de computadores. Entretanto, costuma-se exigir como contraprestação contratual a concessão de dados pessoais, considerado pela economia do compartilhamento um dos mais valiosos ativos da contemporaneidade. Por outro lado, as legislações os classificam como direito humano fundamental. A disciplina jurídica acerca dessa temática costumava proibir que a execução do contrato estivesse subordinada ao consentimento para o tratamento de dados que não fossem necessários à realização daquele acordo. Não obstante, a Diretiva europeia que disciplinou os contratos eletrônicos admitiu o fornecimento de dados como contraprestação contratual e, por conseguinte, sua utilização para outras finalidades. O presente texto almeja realizar uma análise crítica da referida regra. Ao demonstrar a existência de informações supraindividuais no conteúdo dos dados pessoais, defende-se a inadequação e a insuficiência do princípio da autodeterminação informativa como diretriz reguladora dessa temática. Pleiteia-se, por fim, a construção de um regramento mais restritivo para a coleta e tratamento de dados, em razão dos riscos que representa a direitos individuais e coletivos, bem como às conquistas mais relevantes da humanidade, a exemplo da democracia, da liberdade e do respeito à diversidade.
Vigilância socioassistencial
Authors: Cunha Marcia Maria , Rocha Anjos Garcia Renata , De Sousa Barbosa Agnaldo
Published: December 2024

This paper aims to take stock of the data, regulations, and studies on Social Assistance Monitoring, based on information from the Census of the Unified Social Assistance System, legislation and other government regulations, and the works located in the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations database on this subject. The methodology adopted was bibliographical and documentary research to support the discussions presented. The main results of this study point to the fact that more than half of the Brazilian municipalities that have not yet formally institutionalized Social Assistance Monitoring do not adhere to government regulations, and highlight the scarcity of studies on the subject, with a prevalence in the area of Social Work in the Southeast region of the country. The conclusion is that this is an area still in the process of being implemented and not well explored by the academic community, which constitutes a challenge to be faced by the actors involved in this policy.
Deposition of ReS2 Thin Films Using Aerosol-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Zana Jamal  , Bakhtyar K. Aziz  , Naktal Al-Dulaimi
Published: December 2024

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have remarkable properties, which can make these materials as a source alternative to graphene. The new member of TMDCs family ReS2 has got interest because its unique property. Synthesis ReS2 still needs a high temperature to deposit; the high deposition temperature makes ReS2 materials highly cost to produce. In this work the rhenium carbamate complex ([Re2(μ-S)2(S2CNEt2)4]) which have a high thermal stability was used to synthesis ReS2 thin films by reducing the deposition temperature to 525 °C, 25 °C less from previous study. The produced thin films were deposited using Aerosol-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (AA-CVD). Films have been characterized firstly by p-XRD which confirmed that ReS2 thin films were successfully prepared, then the morphology of thin film were investigated by SEM and the results showed morphology was smooth and uniformed.
Using Nano-Chitosan linked to the drug Naproxen and studying its physical properties and biological effectiveness.
Authors: Nidaa Ali Hadi  , Faez Abdul-Hussein  alrammahi
Published: December 2024

In this work, the drug naproxen was loaded onto the chitosan nano polymer, and the resulting product was characterized using infrared spectroscopy and proton NMR spectroscopy, and the physical properties of the prepared drug were studied, including its solubility in a number of different solvents, including (deionized water, toluene chloroform, acetone, Ethanol, methyl sulfoxide, hexane,). The absorbance of drug release was measured using UV spectroscopy in two buffer solutions (PH 2.2, 8) at 237°C as a function of time (one hour and a day). The biological effectiveness of the prepared drug was studied by taking two types of bacteria, namely )Staphylococcus aureus( bacteria Gram positive and )Escherichia coli( bacteria Gram negative. The results show that the effect of the prepared chitosan nanodrug gave a much higher result in inhibiting bacteria than using the drug alone (Naproxen). When using two concentrations (1024 and 512) ppm.
Theoretical study of folic acid and derivatives conjugated with Thymine through Density functional theory
Authors: Ayat Ahmed shukran  , Lekaa Hussein Khdaim  , Kawther Kareem Raheem
Published: December 2024

The Geometry optimized has been investigated at ground state, B3LYP, 6-311G basis sets with density functional theory (DFT).  Theoretical characteristics, like as shape and the HOMO-LUMO gap determined by DFT simulations, help the discovery of donating sites. Global reactivity characteristics of folic acid at the B3LYP/6-311G level have been computed in this work. The global reactivity descriptors include global softness (S), global hardness (η), global affinity (A), ionization potential (I), electro negativity (χ), chemical potential (μ), global electrophilicity index (ω), and global hardness (η). Theoretical spectrograms for the UV and IR spectrum were also constructed at B3LYP values.
New Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method for Methyldopa Determination in Different Pharmaceutical Samples
Authors: Mahdi Obaid Rusl , Jabbar Ali Khdeeja
Published: December 2024

Methyldopa (M. dopa) drug concentration in pharmaceutical and pure forms is determined using a simple spectrophotometric method. In this work, the medication is first oxidized using an excess of N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), and then it is reduced with 3,3-diaminobenzidine (DAB). At 513 nm, the resultant chemical is detected. Beer's law was found to be applicable within concentration ranges of 0.5-10 mg/L, with a molar absorptivity of 25.87×103 L mol-1 cm-1. The common excipients and additives did not interfere in their determination of both methods. The proposed method was effectively utilized to analyze the mentioned drugs in different forms of dosages.
Interleukin-34: A New Immunological Marker to Enhance the Initial Diagnosis of Thyroid Disorders
Authors: Wedyan Mohammed Torki  , Rasha Hasan Jasim
Published: December 2024

Background:Thyroid disorders are divided into two types: hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, The prevalence of hypothyroidism is increasing in India,Iraqfollowedby China, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Europe, and America. As for, the prevalence is increasing in the north and Baghdad, while the prevalence of hyperthyroidism is increasing in Sweden, the United States, and Europe. In Iraq, the prevalence of hyperthyroidism is increasing in Basra, Nasiriyah, Baghdad, and Dohuk. Materials and Methods: 90 persons were participated in the current study, they were classified into two group, patients and healthy individuals. Patients group included 30 patients with hypothyroidisms (10 males: 20 females), while the second group included 30 patients with hyperthyroidisms (10 males:20 females). The controls group included 30 individuals (11 males: 19 females) who appeared healthy and whose ages ranged from 30 to 60 years. Sandwich-ELISA method was applied to determine the level of interleukin-34 in the serum samples of the study individuals. Results: The current study aimed to evaluate the levels of (TSH, T4, T3, FT3, FT4, anti-TPO, anti-TG) in sera samples of patients with thyroid disorders (hypothyroidisms and hyperthyroidisms) and healthy controls. The results showed a significant elevation (p=0.000) of the TSH, T4, T3, FT4, FT3, anti-TPO, anti-TG concentration in hypothyroidism patients group comparison to the those in the controls group, the same result was noted when the two sickness groups compared together except anti-TG (p=0.07), while no noted significant elevationof the TSH (p=0.706), anti-TPO (p=0.282) when comparing between hyperthyroidism group and healthy control group. The results showed a significant elevation (p=0.000) of the interleukin-34 concentration in hypothyroidism patients group comparison to the those in the controls group, the same result was noted when the two sickness groups compared together and when compared between hyperthyroidismgroup and controls group.
Following up on the repercussions on patients with high blood pressure and diabetes, including atherosclerosis
Authors: Ula Jabal Mohammed,  , Basim M. Ali
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background & objective: The current investigation examined the relationship between cortisol levels and adrenomedullin (ADM) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2) and hypertension (HT). As DMT2 patients experience HT at a rate of (40–60)%, DMT2 is thought to be one of the known complications of HT. The combination of these two conditions can result in the development of stroke and myocardial infarction, which are the primary causes of death in Iraq due to the disease progressing to atherosclerosis and diabetic nephropathy.
Methodology: The study included sixty individuals with DMT2 and HT, ages 45 to 65 (36 males and 24 females). Samples were taken from the Al-Sadr Teaching Hospital's diabetic section in Najaf Al-Ashraf, Iraq. As a control group, however, thirty healthy individuals (15 men and 15 women) were chosen. The ELISA technique was used to measure the levels of cortisol and ADM. This was a case-control study.
Implementasi Relaksasi Autogenik terhadap Penurunan Kadar Gula Darah pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe II
Authors: Saradevi Widly Aji Ayunda , Widyastuti Dwi , Nurjannah Misbah
Published: December 2024

Diabetes Melitus (DM) merupakan penyakit degeneratif yang sering terjadi pada lansia, terapi non farmakologi yang dapat dilakukan penderita diabetes melitus tipe II adalah relaksasi autogenik dimana penerapannya sangat mudah tidak memakan banyak waktu dan memiliki efek baik dalam menurunkan kadar gula darah. Tujuan penelitian ini mengevaluasi implementasi dari terapi relaksasi autogenik pada partisipan yang mengalami DM tipe II. Studi kasus ini menggunakan pendekatan asuhan keperawatan yang meliputi pengkajian, merumuskan diagnosa keperawatan, merencanakan intervensi, implementasi serta evaluasi keperawatan dan penilaian dengan alat GDS atau glucometer sebelum dan sesudah pemberian terapi relaksasi autogenik. Subjek pada studi kasus yaitu partisipan yang mengalami diabetes melitus tipe II, dan sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Studi Kasus dilakukan 21-23 juni 2024 diberikan intervensi dirumah partisipan kelurahan Loa Bakung RT 48. Hasil dari setelah dilakukan implementasi ditemukan bahwa ada pengaruh pemberian terapi relaksasi autogenik untuk menurunkan kadar gula darah tinggi yang dilakukan selama 3 hari berturut, partisipan pertama hari pertama 209 mg/dl pada hari ketiga setelah diberikan intervensi menjadi 197 mg/dl, kemudian partisipan kedua 315 mg/dl menjadi 308 mg/dl pada hari ketiga.
The effect of using a virtual anatomy system of student misconceptions on reproductive system
Authors: Winarni Dyah Setyaningrum , Pratama Afis , Marianti Aditya , Badrus Siroj Muhammad
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to determine the effect of using a virtual anatomy system (VAS) on student learning with regard to reproductive system with respect to the acquisition of misconceptions. This study used an experimental method by comparing the results of the class learning using virtual laboratory media with a control class. The result showed that a significant increase in learning outcomes in the experimental class 77.73 mean compared to the control class mean of 69.5. The magnitude of the increase in learning outcomes (N-gain) of the experimental class was 0.67 within the medium category beside control class. It can be seen that the level of misconceptions in the experimental class was 11.6% smaller than the control class at 37.6%.
OS EFEITOS E MECANISMOS DA FOTOBIOMODULAÇÃO NA MOVIMENTAÇÃO DENTÁRIA ORTODÔNTICA
Authors: Fernandes Jefferson Douglas Lima , Fernandes Nívia Delamoniky Lima , Silva Ana Vitória Rodrigues , Moreira Sobrinho José Edson , Monte Ayra Lucato de Oliveira
Published: December 2024

A ortodontia visa corrigir irregularidades dentárias e faciais, melhorando a estética e a função mastigatória. No entanto, enfrenta desafios como a duração do tratamento e o desconforto associado. A fotobiomodulação (FBM) surge como uma solução promissora, utilizando luz de baixa intensidade para acelerar o movimento dentário, reduzir a dor e melhorar a estabilidade de mini-implantes, além de estimular a regeneração óssea e apresentar propriedades antimicrobianas. Este estudo revisa e sintetiza as evidências sobre a aplicação da FBM na ortodontia, focando em seus efeitos sobre o movimento dentário, regeneração óssea, saúde periodontal e alívio da dor. Uma pesquisa abrangente na base de dados PubMed resultou na seleção de 21 artigos relevantes, publicados nos últimos cinco anos. Os resultados indicam que a FBM é eficaz no tratamento ortodôntico, promovendo benefícios significativos na movimentação dentária e na saúde periodontal. A técnica aumenta a produção de adenosina trifosfato (ATP), essencial para o metabolismo celular, e favorece a vasodilatação, melhorando o fluxo sanguíneo e a remoção de mediadores inflamatórios. Além disso, a FBM estimula a atividade dos osteoblastos e regula os osteoclastos, promovendo a remodelação óssea e a integridade dos tecidos. Outro benefício importante é a redução da dor associada ao tratamento ortodôntico. Pacientes que recebem FBM relatam menos desconforto em comparação àqueles que não a utilizam, com mecanismos que incluem a inibição da síntese de prostaglandinas e a melhora da circulação sanguínea. A FBM também apresenta efeitos antimicrobianos, ajudando a prevenir doenças periodontais e acelerando a cicatrização dos tecidos. Além disso, a terapia é promissora no manejo da Disfunção Temporomandibular (DTM), aliviando a dor e melhorando a função mandibular. Para garantir resultados eficazes, é crucial a padronização dos parâmetros do laser. A inclusão da FBM nos protocolos clínicos de ortodontia amplia as opções terapêuticas e contribui para a saúde bucal, sendo essencial um planejamento cuidadoso dos protocolos para maximizar a eficácia e segurança da terapia.
Palavras-chave: Fotobiomodulação; Ortodontia; Analgesia; Regeneração; Periodonto.
Optimización de la biosíntesis de polihidroxialcanoatos por bacterias nativas de Guatemala utilizando suero lácteo como sustrato
Authors: Figueroa Ricardo , Morales Osberth , Álvarez Gustavo , Bran María
Published: December 2024

Los polihidroxialcanoatos (PHA) son polímeros biodegradables que podrían sustituir a los plásticos producidos a base de petróleo debido a sus propiedades, como la biodegradabilidad, biocompatibilidad, inocuidad y termoplasticidad. A pesar de sus beneficios, la utilización a gran escala de los PHA se ve limitada por deficiencias en los procesos de producción, especialmente en cuanto a los costos asociados con las materias primas. Se ha estimado que mejoras en el proceso de producción de PHA a través de la utilización de residuos de desecho como el suero lácteo o los desechos agroindustriales pueden reducir significativamente el costo de producción, hasta en un 50%. En esta investigación, se propuso evaluar el potencial biotecnológico de bacterias nativas para la producción de PHA utilizando el suero lácteo como sustrato. Se empleó la metodología de cloroformo-hipoclorito para la extracción de los biopolímeros, y la cantidad de PHA fue determinada por espectrofotometría. Se encontró que de las 40 cepas evaluadas, 28 fueron capaces de utilizar el suero lácteo como sustrato. Además, se determinó que las mejores condiciones de fermentación fueron una temperatura de 37 ºC y un pH de 7 a 150 RPM. Las condiciones de fermentación probadas en esta investigación podrían ser aplicadas a escala superior para la producción de PHA, principalmente por la similitud de rendimiento de producción del biopolímero que se obtiene respecto a medios químicamente definidos y la reducción de costos que aportaría la utilización de subproductos de la industria láctea.
Distribution Network Performance Enhancement Through Optimal Sizing and Placement of D-STATCOM using Particle Swarm Optimization Technique (case study-Woldya Distribution Network)
Authors: Getahun Esubalew Fikru , Yimer Asefa Sisay , Haile Wondwossen Astatike
Published: December 2024

This article presents the use of distribution static synchronous compensator (D-STATCOM) to improve distribution network performance by maintaining voltage profile, stability and reducing power losses. The study was conducted on a 7.2 MW Gonder ber feeder, which had an unacceptable voltage profile and high active and reactive power losses. Two methods were applied to assign the power control variables: bus-based voltage stability index analysis and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The optimal allocation was tested in different system cases. The results showed that a single installation of D-STATCOM improved system performance; with an improved voltage profile between 0.95 and 1.05p.u, increased voltage stability indices and reduced active and reactive power losses. Cost analysis of the proposed compensation scheme indicated a payback period of 1.8 years.
Modelling Risks of Cardiovascular Events in Nurses Undergoing Training
Authors:   Centre for Continuing Education of Healthcare Workers, Kryuchkova Natal’ya Yu. , Novikova Irina I. ,   Novosibirsk Research Institute of Hygiene, Kulikova Oksana M. ,   Novosibirsk Research Institute of Hygiene
Published: December 2024

The psychological well-being of nursing staff is a significant determinant of the efficiency and quality of health care delivery to patients. Consequently, it is of paramount importance for public health. Purpose. This study employed data mining techniques to identify predictors of cardiovascular events in the nursing staff exposed to stress in the educational environment. Materials and Methods. The experiment involved 476 nurses (mean age 47.3 ± 3.2 years), who were enrolled in advanced training courses. The research was conducted in the following age groups: 20–29 years, 30–39 years, 40–49 years, 50–59 years, and 60 years and older. An increase in systolic blood pressure by more than 10 % above the norm during the exam was identified as a sign of stress that could potentially precipitate a cardiovascular event. The values recorded for the subjects during the study sessions were taken as the norm. The following factors were identified as parameters that influence the risk of cardiovascular events in the subjects: work capacity and cognitive abilities during the study sessions and the exam, response of the cardiovascular system to stress, professional and life experience, and body composition. The data obtained were processed using the random forest method. Results. The research found that in subjects aged 20–49 years, the risk of stress and cardiovascular events is influenced by work efficiency and psychological stability; from the age of 40 onwards, body composition is gaining more importance, which is indicative of the ageing processes in the body. At the age of 60 years and older, all nurses are experiencing stress in the non-standard conditions of the exam. The article presents recommendations for the organization of the educational process with the aim of reducing the risk of cardiovascular events in medical staff undergoing training. The findings can be used to resolve issues pertaining to risk management in the organization of the educational process in the context of professional training and retraining of nursing staff.
An integrated approach to innovative development in the Republic of Belarus
Authors:   Belarusian State University of Economics, Poletaev S. A.
Published: December 2024

The practice of implementing five-year state programs of innovative development, their achievements and problems, human resources potential of Belarusian science are analyzed. The dominance of the public sector and the insufficient development of small innovative entrepreneurship, the long-term and comprehensive nature of innovative development management are noted.
Theories of institutional borrowings and the study of innovations in state electoral policy
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Grishin N. V.
Published: December 2024

The article examines the methodological possibilities of theories of institutional borrowing (in particular, import and transplantation of institutions) in the field of studying innovations in electoral governance. Limitations are identified for applying the diffusion of innovation theory and theory of policy diffusion to study the spreading of state institutions. A limitation in the use of particular theories is their fundamental focus on considering processes in the private sector, denial of the agency of state, denial of state interests, and methodological dependence on the theory of rational choice. The contribution of Russian institutionalism to the theory of transplantation of institutions and its adaptation to the study of state policy on borrowing institutions is revealed. The article formulates proposals for supplementing theories of institutional borrowing in terms of governmental decisions to ensure the adaptation of institutions. The possibilities of particular concepts within the theories of institutional borrowing for interpreting and explaining the processes of international spread of electoral innovations are determined.
The political mobilization: the socializing potential of Internet technology
Authors:   Lipetsk State Technical University, Pachina N. N. , Gorodova J. D. ,   Lipetsk State Technical University, Svirina E. R. ,   Lipetsk State Technical University
Published: December 2024

This article is devoted to the study of the technology of political mobilization and its socializing potential in the Internet environment. The purpose of the work is to identify the socializing impact of Internet technology of political mobilization on young people Based on the goal, the following tasks were formulated: to conduct a theoretical analysis of the key concepts of the study, «political socialization», «political mobilization», «Internet technology»; explore the socializing impact of Internet technology of political mobilization on young people; develop recommendations for the productive impact of Internet technology of political mobilization on young people. The study reveals the concepts of «mobilization», «political mobilization», examines the classification of political participation of citizens, and Internet resources with the help of which the technology of political mobilization on the Internet is implemented. Next, a study is conducted of the socializing impact of the technology of political mobilization on young people. The article developed and tested a sociological survey aimed at identifying the socializing influence of Internet technologies on the political mobilization of youth. Based on the results obtained, recommendations are developed for the productive impact of Internet technology of political mobilization on young people.
Contested Water. The Management of Natural Resources and the Emergence of Sustainability Problems in Northern Italy During the Early Modern Period
Authors: di Tullio Matteo
Published: December 2024

In this essay I present the main objectives and the first provisional results of a project on the management of natural resources and the emergence of sustainability problems in the low plain of early modern Lombardy, northern Italy. More precisely, I focus on some social institutions and large landowners in the low plains close to Milan and Brescia. I show how it is possible to explore sustainability in the past through the study and analysis of records of conflicts over the use of environmental resources, and also how this phenomenon must be analysed and interpreted in a holistic way, from multiple perspectives.
Refractive Outcome, Lens Power Calculation, and Surgically Induced Astigmatism After Four-Flanged Intrascleral Intraocular Lens Fixation
Authors: Schranz Markus , Lisy Marcus , Dimakopoulou Ioanna , Danzinger Victor , Schartmüller Daniel , Abela-Formanek Claudette
Published: December 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the refractive prediction error of common intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas in patients who underwent intrascleral IOL fixation using the four-flanged technique.

Methods

This prospective, longitudinal, single-site, single-surgeon study's setting was the Department for Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria. Patients who received IOL implantation via the four-flanged technique were followed up to 3 months after the operation. Refraction was measured using the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study visual acuity test at 4 m. Lens decentration, tilt, and aqueous anterior chamber depth were evaluated using anterior segment optical coherence tomography. The SRKT, Holladay 1, and Hoffer-Q formulas were used to assess prediction error (PE) and absolute error (AE). Correlations between axial length, keratometry, and white-to-white distance were subsequently evaluated.

Results

A total of 28 eyes of 28 patients were examined in this study. The application of all formulas resulted in a hyperopic PE (SRKT: 0.35 ± 0.86 diopters [D], Holladay 1: 0.36 ± 0.78 D and Hoffer-Q: 0.37 ± 0.73 D). There was no variation between the PE of different formulas discovered (
P
> .05). The AE was within 0.50 D in 54% to 61% and within 1.00 D in 79% of eyes, depending on the formula used. Furthermore, Cochrane's Q test detected no significant distinctions between formulas (
P
> .05). The PE of each formula demonstrated a significant correlation to the axial length of the eyes (
P
< .05). The correlation estimates ranged from −0.25 D/mm to −0.39 D/mm, subject to the applied formula.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that the four-flanged technique for scleral IOL fixation yields reliable outcomes. PE was closest to zero using the Hoffer-Q formula, although there was no statistically significant difference compared to the other formulas. Axial length emerged as the most pertinent factor for PE. Short eyes resulted in a more hyperopic outcome, whereas longer eyes resulted in a more myopic outcome than intended. This myopic and hyperopic shift was due to the standardized surgical technique with an externalization of the haptics 2.5 mm behind the limbus resulting in a consistent aqueous anterior chamber depth across all eye lengths, coupled with a reduction or increase in the distance from the IOL to the macula, which is dependent on the length of the eye.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2024;40(12):e985–e993.]
Transepithelial Versus Epithelium-off Photorefractive Keratectomy in High Compound Myopic Astigmatism: A Contralateral Eye Study
Authors: Peyman Alireza , Ghoreishi Mohammad , Babaei Leila , Noorshargh Pegah , Forouhari Ali , Pourazizi Mohsen
Published: December 2024

Purpose

To compare clinical outcomes of transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (t-PRK) and conventional epithelium-off PRK (PRK) in patients with high compound myopic astigmatism.

Methods

Sixty eyes of 30 myopic individuals with at least −2.50 diopters (D) of spherical equivalent and 3.00 D of cylindrical refractive error were enrolled in the study. Both eyes of each patient were randomly assigned to either the t-PRK method or epithelium-off PRK as a matched contralateral control group. Refractive outcomes were evaluated 6 months after surgery.

Results

At the 6-month visit, cylindrical refractive error magnitude was lower in the t-PRK (0.51 ± 0.29 D) compared to the PRK (0.67 ± 0.30 D) group (
P
= .04). The residual astigmatism was 0.50 diopters or less in 23 eyes (76%) in the t-PRK group and 15 eyes (50%) in the PRK group. In vector analysis using the Alpins method, t-PRK resulted in a significantly higher percentage of success of astigmatic surgery (84.68 ± 8.95 in t-PRK versus 79.46 ± 10.88 in PRK,
P
= .04). Additionally, there was a marginal advantage for the t-PRK group regarding index of success of astigmatism surgery (
P
= .06) and absolute (
P
= .08) and arithmetic (
P
= .07) angles of error compared to the PRK group. Both groups had an equal safety profile.

Conclusions

T-PRK is more accurate for astigmatic correction in high astigmatism than conventional PRK. Both t-PRK and PRK are comparable respecting safety and efficacy.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2024;40(12):e956–e965.]
Effects and Related Factors of Short-time Accommodation Training on Measuring Consistency of InnovEyes Sitemap, Autorefraction, and Subjective Refraction
Authors: Jin Chengcheng , Wang Shiyuan , Ye Hehua , Wei Ruihua , Dong Yuan , Zhao Peiquan
Published: December 2024

Purpose

To evaluate effects and related factors of short-time accommodation training on measuring consistency of InnovEyes Sitemap (Alcon/WaveLight; Alcon Laboratories, Inc), NIDEK ARK-1 autorefractor (Nidek Corporation), and subjective refraction (SR).

Methods

One hundred adults (100 eyes) with myopia aged 17 to 40 years were enrolled. Refraction was obtained by InnovEyes Sitemap, autorefraction, and SR in a randomized order. Refractive data of InnovEyes Sitemap were grouped into two groups without and with application of a 2.00 diopter (D) flipper before InnovEyes Sitemap.

Results

The average difference in spherical equivalent (SE) between InnovEyes Sitemap and SR (autorefraction) decreased from −0.56 ± −0.41 D in the without accommodation training group to −0.29 ± −0.14 D in the with accommodation training group, with 95% CI of limits of agreement (LOA) shrinking dramatically (InnovEyes Sitemap–SR: −1.39 to 0.27 vs −0.71 to 0.14 D; InnovEyes Sitemap–autorefraction: −1.23 to 0.40 vs −0.69 to 0.40 D). Furthermore, short-time accommodation training significantly improved the consistency of myopia measurements, with the proportion of SE differences within 0.50 D between InnovEyes Sitemap and SR significantly increasing from 56% to 88% (
P
< .001). Meanwhile, J0 and J45 showed no significant difference (
P
> .05) with similar LOA among three techniques in both groups. SE difference of InnovEyes Sitemap (with accommodation training group minus without accommodation training group) was significantly correlated to SE difference between SR and habitual glass refraction (β = −0.312,
P
= .001), lens thickness (β = 0.262,
P
= .006), and axial length (β = 0.199,
P
= .037).

Conclusions

Short-time accommodation training could promote spherical consistency but not deteriorate cylindrical agreement among InnovEyes Sitemap, autorefraction, and SR, and this effect showed more effective in eyes with more undercorrected myopia in habitual prescription, thicker lens, and longer axial length.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2024;40(12):e941–e955.]
An Exploratory Qualitative Investigation into How Introductory Students Troubleshoot an Electronic Circuit
Authors: Herbert Pádraig , O'Mahony Thomas
Published: December 2024

Troubleshooting is recognised to be a key laboratory learning objective within engineering education. However, little is known about how students taking introductory courses troubleshoot electronic circuits. The contribution of this study, therefore, is to use object-orientated focus groups with a think-aloud protocol to gather data while participants engage in the task of troubleshooting an electronic circuit. Content analysis was used to qualitatively analyse the gathered data based on a previously established cognitive task analysis (CTA) model. The findings, while limited by the sample size, indicate that participants tended to dive straight into the troubleshooting activity, and their troubleshooting process was mostly characterised by two phases of the CTA model, namely test along with repair and evaluate. Earlier phases of the process that involve specific actions, such as discerning the function of parts of the system, brainstorming causes and solutions, and developing a troubleshooting plan, received less attention. The primary implication is that formal troubleshooting instruction may need to be better embedded within introductory courses, though additional research is needed to validate this implication.
Enhancing Professional Employability: The Impact of Agile Methodology Training
Authors: Crisostomo Rodrigo , Nunez Nicolas , Lopez-Burga Giuliano
Published: December 2024

In today’s rapidly evolving business landscape, Agile methodologies have emerged as a crucial approach for organizations to remain competitive and responsive to change. Despite the growing adoption of Agile frameworks, there is a lack of quantitative research examining the impact of Agile certifications on individual career trajectories. This study aims to bridge this gap by investigating the relationship between acquiring Agile certifications and career outcomes, specifically focusing on professionals from business administration (BA) and computer science (CS) backgrounds. Employing survival analysis (SA), particularly the Kaplan-Meier method, we assess the temporal dynamics of career advancement events, including job promotions, job transitions, and changes in job responsibilities. Our findings reveal that the most prevalent career advancement is promotion, occurring on average after 1,102.98 days, while the average time for observing at least one career effect is 733.37 days. The study also identifies scrum master and product owner as the most sought-after Agile certifications. These results contribute to the understanding of how Agile methodologies influence career progression and provide valuable insights for professionals, employers, and educational institutions navigating the dynamic landscape of Agile adoption. The findings underscore the importance of Agile certifications in fostering career growth and adaptation to the evolving demands of the industry.
Chatbots: The Future of Education?
Authors: Plazas Rosas Ramiro Alejandro , Avella Rodríguez Edna Joydeth
Published: December 2024

Chatbots are emerging technologies with the potential to improve teaching and learning processes. This paper conducts a systematic review of research on chatbots in education, focusing on articles published in Online-Journals.org from 2011 to 2024. The aim is to examine the various aspects addressed by the authors, such as design principles, pedagogical roles, interaction styles, and evaluation methods for chatbots in educational contexts. The tools were classified according to the type of user they targeted, revealing that 42% were aimed at students, 11% at teachers, 29% at both types of users, and 18% at external users. The characteristics of the tools along the above dimensions were analyzed, highlighting trends, good practices, and observed limitations. The key findings, challenges, and implications of using chatbots to improve learning outcomes, and experiences were discussed. It was concluded that chatbots are an emerging technology that offers benefits such as teaching personalization, self-learning, and real-time feedback but also poses challenges, such as evaluation and research into their effectiveness for education.
The Academic Intensity Use of Chatbot-Based Artificial Intelligence and Its Relation to Academic Well-Being: A Correlational Study at the University of Jordan
Authors: Ajlouni Aseel O. , Abu-Shawish Reem , Silim Doha M. , Ibrahim Amal H.
Published: December 2024

In terms of artificial intelligence (AI) applications, chatbot-based AI such as ChatGPT have the potential to improve students’ academic well-being and success. Despite the wide spread of chatbot-based AI development, no studies have explored their correlation with psychological constructs in the realm of education. This study aimed to measure the academic intensity use of chatbot-based AI and academic well-being among undergraduates and investigate the correlation between these constructs. The data was gathered using a self-administered web-based questionnaire, which includes the Academic Well-Being Scale and the developed academic intensity use of chatbot-based AI scale (AIUCA). The study sample consists of 340 undergraduates from the School of Educational Science. The findings revealed a moderate level of usage of chatbot-based AI and a moderate level of academic well-being among undergraduates. It also demonstrated a significant positive correlation (r = 0.68) between the intensity use of chatbot-based AI and academic well-being (p < 0.01). These results recommend decision-makers in higher education encourage students to integrate chatbot-based AI with their learning processes and activities to improve their academic well-being.
Online Learning Community of Inquiry via Google Meet: A Reference for Distance Education
Authors: Pham Anh Tuan , Thanh Ly Danh
Published: December 2024

When the COVID-19 pandemic began, many educational platforms were customized to replace the traditional classroom. Similarly, Google Meet is widely recognized as a leading virtual platform; nevertheless, for those without access to online learning, Google Meet appears to be a support platform for distance learning. Furthermore, the use of Google Meet to create an online learning community has not been extensively studied in Vietnam. This study aims to examine how students perceive Google Meet as an online learning community. A semi-structured interview and a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire were used to combine quantitative and qualitative methods. The study involved 294 students from a private school in Vietnam who were familiar with Google Meet. The results showed that in terms of teaching presence (TP), social presence (SP), and cognitive presence (CP), most university students were positive about using Google Meet to create an online learning community. To help English language learners create a dynamic online learning community, challenges and solutions were also listed for fostering an online learning community when using Google Meet for distance education.
Evaluation of Attendance at the Glossary Activity in a Technically Oriented E-Learning Course
Authors: Magdin Martin , Koprda Štefan , Munk Michal
Published: December 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, online education became increasingly attractive once again. This was mainly due to the fact that, during the peak of the current epidemic, schools at various levels were closed. To enable pupils and students to continue their studies, teaching was transferred to a safer online space. In this paper, we focus on the use of the Dictionary of Foreign Technical Terms (ENG-SLO) activity to determine the extent to which participants need this dictionary to explain unfamiliar technical terms. To obtain relevant results using this activity, we decided to test the frequency of its use (visits) and rank each participant according to the resulting evaluation. As the experiment was conducted in vocational high schools, we kept the familiar rating scale of these schools, ranging from one to five, where 1 is the best rating and 5 the worst, indicating a failure. The results indicate that above-average use was recorded among participants who failed and those who scored 4, while the other scoring groups used the glossary activity rather below average.
Considérer le nudisme -et donc le naturisme- comme l’un des beaux-arts écosophes à travers le prisme des photographies de foules nues rassemblées par Spencer Tunick dans des lieux incongrus
Authors: Lafargue Bernard
Published: December 2024

Cet article s’appuie sur une approche esthétique des photographies des milliers de foules nues, que Spencer Tunick « installe » depuis trois décennies dans des lieux incongrus, pour considérer le nudisme comme l’un des beaux-arts. Se mettre nu est un art de vivre ; une manière de se parer qui, tout en visant à rapprocher les êtres humains de tous les autres êtres vivants, cherche à substituer la paix perpétuelle à la lutte pour la vie. Selon les époques, cet art de vivre invente plusieurs figures, qui oscillent entre le récit d’un paradis chaste et celui d’un paradis pansexuel.
Tracing the Evolution
Authors: Dipika Dipika , Dalal Annu
Published: December 2024

Green Entrepreneurship is emerging as a prominent area of interest among scholars across various disciplines. This chapter aims to investigate the advancement of academic research in green entrepreneurship and provide a comprehensive bibliometric analysis. The data is collected from the Scopus and WOS databases based on search terms to identify relevant studies published from 1991 to May 2024. The study sample is composed of 1066 from Scopus and 722 from WOS research articles that met the search requirements or are related to green entrepreneurship. Through insightful examination of the existing literature, this chapter aims to identify the development and progression of green entrepreneurship research, influential publications, prominent authors, leading journals, thematic analysis, countries' collaborations, and future direction. This analysis will provide a valuable resource for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers interested in sustainable business practices, thereby fostering a more sustainable and innovative entrepreneurial ecosystem.
Introducing artificial intelligence in the undergraduate medical curriculum
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh
Published: December 2024

The field of medicine continues to change and expand with each day, and accordingly, we have to be ready for processing the vast range of information and to deal with a different set of health problems in the future. The purpose of the current review is to explore the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical education and the potential challenges and strategies that need to be adopted to overcome them. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out in the PubMed search engine, and a total of 20 articles were selected based upon their suitability with the current review objectives and analyzed. Keywords used in the search include artificial intelligence and medical education in the title alone only. AI can be used in a wide range of ways, and it has significant scope in improving the process of teaching–learning and assessment. It is a fact that at present in most of the medical institutions spread across the world, we are not training our medical students in the undergraduation period in the field of AI. This is because of the presence of various factors such as already packed schedule, untrained status of the faculty members, uncertainty about the usefulness in medical education, and technical constraints. To conclude, amid the technological developments, there is a definite scope to incorporate AI in the different aspects of undergraduate medical education, and thereby prepare the students and teachers for their future roles. The need of the hour is to design a structured curriculum and then take targeted initiatives to integrate into the existing curriculum.