bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correction of antenna far-field image error data based on spherical scanning
Authors: Cui Yijia , Wang Weimin , Duan Siqi , Wu Yongle , Liu Yuan’an
Published: April 2024

The antenna pattern is an important graph for measuring antenna performance, and various parameters of the antenna can be observed from the antenna pattern. The method of obtaining antenna far-field pattern through near-field measurement technology and near-to-far-field transformation algorithm has the advantages of being free from environmental interference, low cost, and fast speed, making it an effective research method. In the process of spherical near-field measurement, it is necessary to ensure the stable operation of the probe used for measurement. If one of the probe channels is abnormal, it will have a serious impact on the measurement of the antenna pattern. This article proposes an algorithm for repairing near-field measurement data through Newton interpolation based on spherical scanning. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified by using the HFSS simulation data and the measured data of the microwave anechoic chamber. It is proved that the algorithm proposed in this paper has obvious effect on improving the accuracy of antenna pattern.
A Low-frequency Compact Lightweight Dual-polarization CATR Feed Antenna
Authors: Zhu Linhuan , Dai Ning , Jin Linqian , Wang Zhengpeng
Published: April 2024

To address the issue of a large axial distance for low-frequency feed antennas, this paper presents a low-frequency compact lightweight dual-polarization CATR feed antenna. This feed antenna consists of a near-rhombus-shaped crossed dipole antenna with chamfers, a third-order horn enclosure, and a novel feed network based on 180° hybrid couplers. Through design, the axial length of this feed source is approximately 290mm. The VSWR is less than 1.5, the HPBW is greater than 44.5° from 300MHz to 500MHz. The phase centre varies less than 0.3λ and the cross-polarization isolation is below in the whole working frequency band.
Rockburst classification based on cross reconstruction learning under small-sample condition
Authors: Cai Xin , Chen Liye , Zhou Zilong , Yuan Hang , Wang Peiyu , Zheng Ao
Published: April 2024

Rockburst is a prevalent geological hazard in deep geotechnical engineering, and its accurate prognostication is vital for prevention measures. Consequently, this research proffers a pioneering classification prediction methodology, namely Cross Reconstruction Learning (CR), underpinned by conventional machine learning algorithms and metric learning strategies. Initially, this technique partitions and restructures the original dataset, where each sample feature intersects and reconfigures with features from other samples within the set. During this amalgamation, new samples are assigned labels based on the degree of divergence or congruity between two sets of sample labels, thereby forming a new set of samples. Subsequently, an array of machine learning algorithms is utilized to train and test this new dataset. Ultimately, employing a universal class voting mechanism and decoding test set results through probability assignment, the predicted labels are converted back into rock burst outcomes, thereby determining the final prediction classification. The proposed model was trained on a database encompassing 239 instance samples, and its performance was validated against the currently proficient models (KNN, XGBoost, and Random Forest algorithms) employed in rock burst prediction. The outcome revealed a decline in the performance metrics of all three machine learning algorithms when interfaced with the Cross Reconstruction learning method, particularly the KNN algorithm, owing to the doubled feature dimensions in the combined dataset. However, the metrics of ensemble models, XGBoost and Random Forest, exhibited a notable improvement compared to the original classification models. On comparing multiple performance metrics, it was discovered that the CR-XGBoost model outperformed others across all evaluations, thereby offering significant guidance for practical engineering applications.
Influences of coordination structures on the electronic properties of Zn ion and the adsorption of O-containing and S-containing molecules
Authors: Liu Chongjun , Wu Guiye , Liu Huinan , Ma Yanhong , Lu Tong , Zhu Yangge
Published: April 2024

Ligands in minerals have an important effect on the chemical properties of metal ions. The electronic properties of Zn ions formed by O and S ligands have been studied using density functional theory (DFT), and the interaction strength between O and S-containing molecules and Zn ions has been analyzed. The results show that the electronic properties of Zn ions may be influenced by the type of ligands, the number of ligands, and the distance between ligands and Zn ions. The adsorption capacity of zinc ions decreased with an the in increase ligand coordination number, but increased with an increase in the distance between the ligand and zinc ion. The adsorption of O- and S-containing molecules on sphalerite smithsonite and hemimorphite was then studied. It was indicated that O-containing molecules had a strong collecting ability for sphalerite, smithsonite and hemimorphite, but the adsorption capacity of S-containing molecules was weaker than that of O-containing molecules. The influence of water molecules on the adsorption behavior of O- and S-containing molecules was studied. The results of the calculations show that the relationship between H2O and O-containing sulfur-containing molecules is competitive adsorption on the surface of sphalerite smithsonite and hemimorphite. Adsorption of water molecules can reduce the adsorption energy of O-containing and S-containing molecules on mineral surfaces.
Beneficiation process reengineering under the background of green development-- take the full utilization of a low-grade lead-zinc ore as an example
Authors: Hu Xiaoxing , Zhu Yangge , Song Zhenguo , Chen Kangkang
Published: April 2024

A zero-waste mine is an advanced mine development and resource utilization strategy that aims to encourage the reduction of mine solid waste at source and the utilization of all its components. A low-grade lead-zinc ore in Guangxi, China, contains valuable components like galena, sphalerite, pyrite, barite, etc. and the gangue mineral is primarily dolomite. This paper proposes a flow of “waste pre-discarding by dense medium cyclone - sequential priority flotation of lead and zinc recovery - flotation and gravity combined process for barite recovery” to realize full component utilization. In this technical approach, 38.81% of the waste rock that can be utilized as concrete aggregate was removed from the feed ore through pre-discarding prior to grinding, after that recovers lead and zinc by the sequential priority flotation method with yield of Pb concentrate and Zn concentrate at 7.61%. In order to more efficiently recover barite and pyrite from lead-zinc flotation tailings, the gravity equipment of reflux classifier (RC) was used, which obtained barite concentrate with a yield of 7.97% and pyrite concentrate with a yield of 2.28%. The remaining yield of 43.34% tailings can be used for filling after the recovery of barite concentrate. Utilizing waste rock, lead, zinc, barite, and other resources might help the mine achieve the dynamic balance of “mining-discarding-beneficiation-filling” and realize zero tailings discharge.
Hydraulic experiment on macro-instability in the lead smelting side-blown furnace
Authors: Wang Shu-xiao , Wen Zhi , Xing Yi , Chen Xue-gang , Liu Xun-liang
Published: April 2024

Macro-instability phenomenon in side-blown furnace was first reported in this paper, and the occurrence conditions, influencing factors and rules, eliminating measures were studied and analyzed by hydraulic experiment. The results show that the occurrence of macro-instability in side-blown furnace needs to meet certain conditions, which is mainly related to the liquid level above the jet nozzle, the number and arrangement of jet nozzles. However, the frequency macro-instability is irrelevant the nozzle height, liquid level, air flow and the nozzle diameter, the number and arrangement of jet nozzles, and the frequency of this model is 1.2Hz.The macro-instability phenomenon in side-blown furnace can be avoided or eliminated by adoption certain measures which can be used as the reference for side-blown furnace design and operation.
A decade’s Production Practice of JCC Kivcet Technique
Authors: Yangren Li , Xudong Jing
Published: April 2024

This article provides an overview of the Kivcet technique in Jiangxi Copper Corporation, reviews the production status and problems encountered in the past decade, introduces its technological advantages and prospect. It is believed that the Kivcet process has advantages such as strong adaptability to raw materials, stable operation, high metal recovery rate, and low cost of zinc leaching residue treatment, which is the vitality of lead-zinc smelting enterprises in the future.
Evaporation and its Effects on Physico-Chemical Properties of PbO-containing Slag
Authors: Kang Y , Zhao J X , Cui Y R , Li B , Ren M M , Wang Z M
Published: April 2024

PbO as well as other volatiles will evaporate at high temperature. In the measure of relevant slag property, the slag will be kept at high temperature for a long time (even several hours). The continuous evaporation will result in uncertainty of the measured results. In another point of view, that means the measured result is no longer in consistent with the pre-determined slag composition, but a new one changed obviously. For high or medium PbO content slag, the weight loss can reach to 20∼40 % at high temperature. The effect is not negligible. In this work, the evaporation and physicochemical property (melting point and viscosity) measurement of typical PbO-containing slag were jointly analyzed based on calculation, TG-DSC, melting temperature and viscosity measurement. A deviation method based on traditional measurement ways was suggested and practiced. It is proved that to take physicochemical property value with traditional method and the get the in-time composition to match the measured values is feasible. how obtain in-time composition is also discussed and tried. The work will be of extensive reference significance to other slag system with higher volatiles.
Study on Optimization of Deep Purification Process Design of Zinc Oxygen Pressure Acid Leaching Solution
Authors: Liu Ziliang , Tong Yizhe , He Xingmin , Chen Longyi
Published: April 2024

According to the characteristics of high impurity content and complex composition of oxygen pressure leaching (OPL) solution of zinc sulfide concentrate, combined with the quality requirements of large plate electrowinning and automatic plate stripping, the advanced purification process of solution was designed. Through the deep purification process consisting of neutralization indium precipitation and low iron purification, high temperature antimony salt nickel and cobalt removal, copper slag chlorine removal, low temperature zinc powder replacement copper and cadmium removal, fine purification, calcium and magnesium removal, the contents of harmful impurities such as iron, indium, copper, cadmium, nickel, cobalt, fluorine and chlorine in the solution are strictly controlled to ensure that the quality of the deeply purified zinc sulfate solution is qualified and can meet the needs of continuous and stable production. The energy-saving effect of advanced purification process is obvious, and the average DC power consumption per ton of electric zinc is 2880kWh, reaching the advanced level of the same industry in China. The good effect of advanced purification process ensures the successful application of OPL and large plate zinc electrowinning, and improves the technology and equipment level of zinc smelting industry, which has important popularization and application value.
Design and production practice of large fluidized roasting furnace
Authors: Liang Yuan
Published: April 2024

With the expansion of the scale of zinc smelting enterprises and the progress of new equipment and technology, 152 m2 fluidized roasting furnace has been developed and applied to industrial production, with a single unit capacity of 150,000 to 170,000 tons of electrolytic zinc per year. This paper analyzes and introduces an engineering example of zinc concentrate treatment by a dual-series fluidized roasting furnace. The project was designed by China ENFI Engineering Corporation and put into operation in Hunan province of China in 2018. This paper firstly describes the process flow and main equipment of the preparation system, roasting furnace system, waste heat utilization system, dust collection system from a design perspective. Then, based on production practice, it analyzes and compares aspects such as furnace operation, actual production data, major technical and economic indicators, and the characteristics and optimization of the roasting system equipment. Finally, it is concluded that the dual-series large-scale fluidized roasting furnace has stable production, good product quality, less investment, and fewer labor requirements, which brings good economic benefits to the enterprise. Its operational experience has accumulated parameters and experience for the development of larger roasting furnaces in the future.
Development and Innovative Application of Main Equipment for Zinc Electrowinning
Authors: Tong Yizhe , Liu Ziliang
Published: April 2024

The latest development and application of zinc electrowinning equipment in China are introduced. The characteristics and innovative applications of main equipment for zinc electrowinning, such as cathode and anode, electrolytic cell, cathode and anode multifunctional crane, zinc stripping and cathode washing machine, zinc sheet conveyor, anode temper mill and solution cooling tower, are analyzed. It is pointed out that the application of advanced equipment characterized by large-scale and automation will dominate the upgrading and transformation of existing zinc electrowinning capacity.
Application of Oxygen-enriched Side-blowing Technology in Treating Zinc Leaching Residue in China
Authors: Liang Xu , Ge Zhang , Bo Wang
Published: April 2024

Zinc hydrometallurgy is the main process of zinc smelting in the world. The leaching residue produced by different hydrometallurgical processes have different components, but they contain valuable metals such as zinc, silver, gold, indium and germanium, and heavy metals such as lead, cadmium and arsenic. In China, leaching residue is defined as hazardous waste, which requires harmless treatment and recovery of valuable metals. At present, China’s main zinc leaching residue treatment technologies include Welz kiln, fuming furnace and Top-submerged lance Smelting furnace. These technologies have been applied for many years and are mature and reliable, but they need further improvement in energy conservation and environmental protection. In recent years, with the continuous progress of China’s smelting technology, the oxygen-enriched side-blowing technology has been successfully applied to the treatment of zinc leaching residue, mainly including the Side-submerged combustion smelting technology of China ENFI and the Vanukov side-blowing technology. At present, the above two side blowing technologies have been put into industrial practice in many zinc smelters in China, which are characterized by low energy consumption, high recovery rate of valuable metals and high sulfur recovery rate. This paper introduces the application of the above two side blowing technologies in China’s zinc smelters, and compares them from furnace structure, production operation, and technical indicators. Oxygen-enriched side-blowing technology will become the mainstream treatment process of zinc residue in China and even in the world in the future.
Application of side-submerged combustion smelting(SSC) process in recovery of lead smelting by-products
Authors: Peng Siyao
Published: April 2024

The treatment of lead smelting by-products,such as anode slime and antimony-containing dust and slag is an important process, which is not only related to improvement the rate of comprehensive recovery of resources, but also plays a very important role in improving the economic benefits of plant. The existing by-product treatment technology and current situation were introduced in first. Combined with the current treatment process and characteristics of by-products, this paper focuses on the characteristics of the oxygen-enriched submerged combustion side-blown smelting technology and the application of by-products treatment. Based on the engineering practice and relevant technical and economic indicators of treating 5812t anode slime annually, compared with the conventional technology, this technology has obvious advantages in operation cost, treatment efficiency and environmental protection.
Removal of Lead and Zinc from Blast Furnace Sludge Through High Temperature Carbochlorination
Authors: Xiao Y. , Beentjes P. , Soefihara M. , Yang Y.
Published: April 2024

A new dual kiln processing route has been proposed and investigated for removal of heavy metals from the zinc-rich fraction of blast furnace (BF) sludge and recovery of ferrous materials. The zinc in BF sludge exists both as ZnO and ZnS. The thermodynamic analysis indicates that the carbochlorination of the sludge shows a selective heavy metal removal. Lead can be removed at a temperature below 900°C followed by the zinc removal at higher temperatures, producing an iron-rich clean residue free of heavy metals in the end feasible for recycling back to ironmaking. High temperature carbochlorination experiments have been conducted with designed mini-pellets. The experimental results prove that via the proposed dual kiln route, a valuable zinc-rich fraction and a clean iron-bearing residue can be achieved with addition of iron chloride, leaving a small stream of lead-rich residue for further processing. This newly developed recycling flowsheet provides a sequential carbochlorination in two inter-connected rotary kilns, incorporated with efficient dust-capturing systems. In total, over 98% heavy metal removal has been achieved. The Zn-rich dust contains more than 60% of zinc, and the quality of the iron-rich residue is sufficient for re-use in the integrated steel works.
Scorodite synthesis process using solid iron oxides
Authors: Adachi Ken , Karube Tomoro , Anezaki Takumi , Iizuka Atsushi , Shibata Etsuro
Published: April 2024

The immobilization of arsenic in the form of scorodite (FeAsO4·2H2O), which has excellent chemical stability, is attracting attention as a method for treating wastewater containing high concentrations of arsenic generated at nonferrous metal smelting plants. Scorodite, with its low solubility and high arsenic content per volume, is expected to be an environmentally friendly arsenic fixation method suitable for final disposal. Various scorodite synthesis methods have been studied. The first synthesis method proposed is the hydrothermal method using an autoclave to synthesize highly crystalline scorodite. Although the hydrothermal method is capable of synthesizing scorodite with good crystallinity, from an economic point of view, scorodite synthesis under ambient pressure and at low temperatures is more attractive. As a low-temperature scorodite synthesis method under atmospheric pressure, the oxidation of Fe(II) process by O2 bubbling was proposed. In this method, ferrous sulfate is added to an arsenic-containing solution as a Fe ion source, and in situ oxidation of Fe(II) by O2 or air bubbling to form scorodite with good crystallinity. In addition to temperature, other conditions, pH, Fe/As ratio, and reaction time have been reported to affect scorodite crystallization. Recently, scorodite synthesis using solid iron oxide as the Fe source for scorodite synthesis, instead of aqueous Fe salt solutions, has attracted much attention. In this presentation, we will report on the investigation of reaction parameters, such as the type of iron oxide and reaction temperature, for the scorodite synthesis using solid iron oxide.
Characteristics and risk assessment of arsenic contamination in a lead and zinc plant area in Yunnan Province
Authors: Mei Xiangyang , Qing Hua , Liu Qunxing , Yue Yuan , Zhao Hua , Wa Xiaoyan , Ma Qicheng
Published: April 2024

Taking a lead and zinc plant plot in Yunnan as the research object, the land use status and planting types of the region were investigated, the original enterprise distribution area and crop growing area of the plot were defined, and 67 surface soil samples and 14 columnar soil samples were systematically arranged in the plot for monitoring. Combined with the monitoring results and analysis, it is concluded that there is no definite basis that the high arsenic content in soil in the region is caused by the enterprise production, and the high arsenic content in the region may be caused by the background value. Based on the monitoring and investigation results, the risk assessment of the area was carried out. The results showed that the non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic hazard index of arsenic exceeded the prescribed acceptable level when the area was developed as the second type of construction land, and soil remediation should be carried out. At the same time, the collaborative distribution monitoring of regional crops showed that the arsenic content of crops was low, which met the requirements of food standards, possibly because the cultivated crops did not have strong adsorption and enrichment effects on the arsenic occurrence form in the regional soil.
Research on resource comprehensive utilization of granite-type sulfide mine tailings
Authors: Zhang Boai , Zhang Hong , Xu Rui , Wang Li , Tang Honghu
Published: April 2024

In order to recover and utilize mica and quartz from the tailings of a granite-type sulfide ore in Jiangxi Province, the technique of separating mica and quartz from the tailings by flotation without acid was investigated. Pyrite flotation was performed on a 500 g tailing sample to remove pyrite. And the middlings were acquired by desliming of the unfloated products. Finally mica and quartz was separated from the middlings in the mechanical flotation cell. Under conditions of pH=10.3 with a pulp concentration of 35% and a collector concentration of 180 g/t, a yield of 12.89% mica and 42.73% quartz was obtained, with silica grades as high as 71.50% in the quartz. The mica and quartz products can be used in construction ceramics and construction sand, respectively. It is believed that the outcomes of this work could provide ideas for comprehensive utilization of sulfide tailings.
Recycling and detoxification process of waste tire ash via acid leaching and neutralization
Authors: Wajima T
Published: April 2024

The possibility of a novel process of recycling and detoxification for waste tire ash, which contains hazardous Zn and Al, using acid leaching and neutralization was investigated. The waste tire ash mainly contains Zn, Al, Fe, Ca and Si. The leached contents of Zn, Al, and Fe with 1 mol/L of sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) are almost same and the highest, while those of Ca with HCl is high and with H2SO4 is almost zero due to the formation of gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O). The optimum leaching condition is that waste tire ash was treated with 1 M H2SO4 for 1 h at 60 °C (solid-liquid ratio is 125 g/L). The elution of Zn and Al from the residue via H2SO4 leaching are 0.7 mg/L and 0.15 mg/L, respectively, which are lower than Japanese elution standard (Zn: 1 mg/L, Al: 0.2 mg/L), while those from raw ash are 3.3 mg/L and 1.4 mg/L. Zn-type layered double hydroxide (Zn-LDH) can be synthesized from leached liquor at 40 °C for 1 h by neutralization at pH 7. These results suggested that detoxified ash and environmental friendly material can be obtained from waste tire ash using H2SO4 acid leaching and neutralization.
Fundamental experimental and thermodynamic modelling study in support of the lead battery recycling slag
Authors: Shevchenko Maksym , Shishin Denis , Graf Daniel , Grogan Joseph , Jak Evgueni
Published: April 2024

Antimony, tin, and other higher value metals, as well as elements such as arsenic and lead, can be found in the slags produced during the lead battery recycling process. Gopher Resources operates lead battery recycling furnaces that use sodium slag systems for which there has been less thermodynamic research than more common slag systems. Better thermodynamic information could help improve the process efficiency and control of these furnaces, as well as the recovery of higher value metals. The present study focuses on experimental research and thermodynamic modeling of slags belonging to the Na-Si-Fe-O system, with minor elements including S, Sb, Sn, Pb, and As. Examples of important systems studied extensively for the first time include Fe-Sb-Si-O and Na-Sn-Si-O. Phase equilibria methods are used to determine all the interaction parameters between the impurity metals and the main components of the slag. The experimental methodology involves equilibration, quenching, and electron-probe X-ray microanalysis of the samples. The modified Quasichemical model is used to describe the thermodynamics of the slags. The model also takes into account possible formation of matte/metal/speiss liquids, and numerous solid phases, which is important for understanding of fundamentals operation of various process units.
Valve flow profile optimization based on data mining
Authors: Dong Lijiang , Duan Bingde , Gao Ning , Shen Zhongxin , Li Juan , Xu Hongyan
Published: April 2024

In this paper, a data mining based valve flow curve optimization technique is proposed. Firstly, the data mining technique is described. Then, a valve flow curve optimization method based on improved cluster analysis is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of these methods was verified through experiments. The results show that the valve flow curve optimization technique based on data mining can effectively improve the performance and reliability of the valve.
Design and development of intelligent unmanned construction system for open-pit mine
Authors: Liu Kui , Mei Bin , Li Qing
Published: April 2024

China’s huge mineral outputs support the national economy and people’s livelihood. However, the mining operation is rough and the safety accident happens frequently. Consequently, the demand for unmanned mining operations is urgent, which is of great significance to safe production. Facing the complex operation scenarios of open-pit mines, an unmanned construction system framework is proposed based on intelligent construction machinery. On this basis, an unmanned excavation subsystem is designed and developed based on the hydraulic excavator, and an unmanned transportation subsystem is designed and developed based on the mining truck. Equipped with advanced sensors and controllers, the unmanned excavation subsystem and the unmanned transportation subsystem possess sensing, decision-making, and control abilities by using AI algorithms. The experiment of the unmanned construction systems is successfully conducted on the open-pit mine test site. This study provides equipment and technical support for improving the intelligent level of mine construction and ensuring safe production for the open-pit mine.
Subpixel corner detection algorithm based on the plane chessboard
Authors: Zhou Changming , Zhong Pengfei , Liu Liang , Liu Tianli , Wang Tao , Wu Jian
Published: April 2024

In this paper, the pixel-level corner position extracted by the Harris algorithm is used as the initial value of sub-pixel corner detection, and then it is used to detect the sub-pixel corner detection. The sub-pixel corner detection algorithm based on the inner product of the gray gradient has weak anti-noise and poor anti-distortion ability, and the sub-pixel corner detection algorithm based on Gauss quadric surface fitting has a high dependence on the initial value. In this case, a quadric fitting based on an iterative search thought algorithm of subpixel corner detection is proposed in this paper. The experiment shows that the improved algorithm has a stronger ability in anti-noise and anti-distortion and low dependence on the initial value. Using this algorithm to calibrate the camera, the re-projection error is smaller and the calibration accuracy is higher.
Swin enhancer: A low-light smart meter image enhancement method with a multi-layered window attention network
Authors: Fang Xiao , Li Baofeng , Su Junchi , Zhai Feng , Qin Yu , Lu Jiansheng , Xiao Chun , Gao Xin
Published: April 2024

Accurate and efficient identification of visual faults in smart meters is significant to the stable operation of the power acquisition system. However, the electricity meter images collected in dim environments have low brightness problems and lack of detail, which will impact subsequent fault identification based on computer vision. From an unsupervised perspective, this paper proposes a low-light smart meter image enhancement method, Swin enhancer. Originating from the Swin Transformer’s window attention mechanism, this paper designs a Multi-layer Swin Transformer Block (MSTB) to extract regional brightness features through the local window’s attention calculation and provide varying degrees of illumination compensation. At the same time, a shift window mechanism is introduced to interact features among the regions and reduce the possibility of overexposure. Extensive experiments on several benchmark and electric meter datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods on multiple image evaluation metrics.
An efficient authentication protocol with privacy-preserving for virtual power plant
Authors: Yao Shuang , Zhu Yayun , Zhang Xiaojuan , Zhang Dahua , Hu Baiji , Liu Ziteng , Cui Yong
Published: April 2024

As an important manifestation of the current development and transformation of the world’s power and energy industries, the virtual power plant is an important foundation for optimizing the layout of energy resources. However, since there are many open channels in the virtual power plant, adversaries can implement eavesdropping, replay, impersonation, forgery, and other attacks to access the virtual power plant, and even publish false data in the virtual power plant to disrupt the operation of the virtual power plant. In addition, it is easy for an adversary to deduce key information such as the layout of virtual power plant equipment through the identity of the device. In this context, to ensure the security and privacy of devices when accessing the platform, in this paper, we propose an efficient authentication protocol based on the elliptic curve cryptography and zero-knowledge proof, which requires only two information exchanges. Security analysis shows that the proposed protocol can meet security features such as mutual authentication, key agreement, perfect forward secrecy, and device anonymity. Performance analysis indicates that the proposed protocol achieves a reasonable balance between computational and signaling overhead, and it is more suitable for achieving efficient device authentication and privacy protection in virtual power plants.
Two-stream neural network with different gradient update strategies
Authors: Zhang Fengjiao , Luo Aoyu , Hao Zongbo , Lu Juncong
Published: April 2024

Deep neural networks will be affected by various noises in different scenes. Traditional deep neural networks often use gradient descent algorithms to update parameter weights. When the gradient falls to a certain range, it is easy to fall into the local optimal solution. Although the impulse method and other methods can escape from local optimization in some scenarios, they still have some limitations, which will greatly reduce the application effect of the actual scenes. To solve the above problems, a two-stream neural network with different gradient update strategies was proposed. Combined with the gradient ascent algorithm, this method alleviated the disadvantage of deep neural networks falling into local optimality and increased the robustness of neural networks to a certain extent. The experimental results on the CIFAR10 dataset verify that the proposed method can improve the accuracy of various gradient descent optimizers by about 1%, such as SGD, Adagrad, RM-Sprop and Adam. The experimental results on the COCO dataset show that the accuracy of the proposed method is also improved compared with the baseline models PAA and EfficientDet. The method proposed can be widely used in various neural network structures and has good practical significance and application prospects.
Radar antenna scanning type identification based on the fusion of multiple temporal features
Authors: Xu Caijin , Tian Shunli , Zhang Xiangrong , Zhang Yifang , Wang Guanchun
Published: April 2024

Identifying the antenna scanning type (AST) of radar signal aims to deeply analyze the parameters of radar waveform and accurately judge the AST of the radar signal. Traditional methods rely heavily on domain priors and expert experience to set classification thresholds, which introduces human errors. Moreover, the generalization and anti-noise interference abilities are relatively weak, and it is difficult to deal with complex battlefield environments. The model based on the convolutional neural network (CNN) is limited by the receptive field of the convolution kernel, which makes the model unable to make full use of the global information of the signal. To fully exploit the global timing characteristics of radar signals, we propose a radar AST recognition method based on the fusion of multiple temporal features. Specifically, for the time series characteristics of the radar antenna scanning signal, a 1D CNN branch is first built to extract its short time series features. Given the limited receptive field of the convolutional network and the inability to fully consider the overall characteristics of the radar signal, we propose a transformer network branch to extract the global timing features fully. The recognition of radar AST based on multi-time series feature fusion can fully model the local and global sequence attributes, thereby improving the cognitive recognition ability of radar signals. Our method attains state-of-the-art results based on experimental findings.
COMSOL-based fatigue simulation of crankshaft
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Wang Daihua , Zhang Kaige , Fang Ziang , Yin Xiaoqing , Liu Jinbao
Published: April 2024

The crankshaft is the most valuable and precise single component of the automobile engine, and the force of the crankshaft is extremely complex. It works under the combined action of periodic changes of gas pressure, reciprocating inertia force, and torque, and bears huge bending and torsional alternating loads. It is of great significance to study the effects of bending, torsional, and compound loads on the strength and fatigue life of crankshaft. In this paper, a crankshaft simulation model is established according to the fatigue reliability theory, the fatigue reliability of the crankshaft is determined, the fatigue life is analyzed, the stress-strain simulation of the crankshaft is carried out by COMSOL, and the fatigue load spectrum and damage cloud map of the crankshaft are obtained. The results show that the structural parameter that has the greatest influence on the stress and deformation of the transition rounded radius. The position corresponds to the place of the crank pin where maximum stress occurs.
Key technologies for airworthiness compliance verification of the solid-state power controller
Authors: Qiu Shengshun , Jiang Qihang
Published: April 2024

Solid-state power distribution technology has advantages such as lightweight, automation, high power quality, and high fault tolerance, which has a very broad prospect. As the core device of solid-state power distribution technology, the application of the solid-state power controller (SSPP) is faced with the challenge that it is difficult to use the traditional compliance verification methods to demonstrate compliance with relevant airworthiness regulations in the application process. Based on the C919 aircraft power distribution system, this article proposed corresponding compliance verification methods, which combine explanation, analysis, and test verification, to confirm and validate the relevant functions, performance, and impact after the failure of SSPC. This may provide a reference for the development of related technologies in the future.
Research and simulation analysis of crack failure mechanism of conductor spacer bar in ±800 kV converter station
Authors: Zhou Yanke , Teng Yulin , Zhou Yanwen , Zhang Zhaoyu , Sun Hebin , Zhao Chaoyou
Published: April 2024

The cracking of the conductor spacer bar in a ±800 kV converter station was detected and simulated to study the cause of failure. By means of penetration detection, fracture macroscopic inspection and metallographic inspection, it can be found that there are some casting defects such as segregation, pinhole and intergranular micro-crack in the chuck microstructure of the spacer bar, and the fatigue fracture occurs under the action of alternating stress. Through the structural simulation analysis, it can be concluded that the spacer rod body and the joint of the chuck have a structural mutation, which causes stress concentration and leads to the fracture of the spacer rod. Finally, suggestions are put forward to improve the design, manufacture and installation process of spacer rods to prevent similar failures from happening again and ensure the safe operation of the power grid.
Design and vibration characteristics of sandwich constrained damping gasket for diaphragm air pump
Authors: Hao Yukai , Chen Wei , Wang Wei , Liu Zhien , Zhang Dashuai , Hu Yongbo
Published: April 2024

There are certain problems of vibration reduction and isolation relevant to the working stability of diaphragm air pumps. To make the diaphragm air pump meet the use requirements, a sandwich-constrained damping gasket is designed and prepared in this paper. The research focuses on examining the impact of varying damping layer thickness on the efficacy of damping gaskets in reducing and isolating vibrations. Meanwhile, with the increase of the damping layer thickness, the total vibration severity of the diaphragm air pump body continues to increase, indicating a weakened performance of vibration reduction, while the vibration isolation performance is gradually improved.
Effects of the cavitation and fluid inertia on the performance in dimpled mechanical seal
Authors: Ma Xuezhong , Cui Yuanzhao
Published: April 2024

To develop a hydrodynamic lubrication model of mechanical seals considering cavitation and fluid inertia and investigate the effects of cavitation and fluid inertia on the sealing performance of a textured mechanical seal, a finite element numerical procedure combined with a Newton-downhill scheme is developed. The numerical model was validated by comparing the results of the Reynolds equation with JFO theory (RE-JFO) and CFD simulation. The effects of fluid inertia and cavitation on the sealing performance are numerically compared and analyzed. Compared with the RE-JFO, the present model gives a better description of cavitation and fluid inertia. The results show that the centrifugal inertia can produce a throttling effect, and thus the leakage rate is reduced. The occurrence of cavitation improves the load-carrying capacity and reduces the coefficient of friction. The textures have a dominant influence on the sealing performance.
Low power consumption and fast response of low dropout regulator design
Authors: Wei Tiantong , Huang Shengming , Wang Siying
Published: April 2024

A low power consumption and fast response low voltage difference linear regulator circuit is designed for on-chip SOC circuit to achieve low power consumption, fast response, and high stability. The internal design mainly includes a low power bandgap reference circuit, a light and heavy load detection circuit, and a transient enhancement circuit. The circuit is designed with 0.35 μm BCD technology, and the layout design is completed. The VIN is from 2.5 V to 5 V, the VOUT from 2.5 V to 3.3 V, and the maximum load is 250 mA. The simulation results show that the static current is 2.6 μA at normal temperature with no load. When the load jumps, the overshoot is 44 mV and the recovery time is 52 μs, meeting the design requirements of low power consumption and fast response.
Research on harmonic power flow calculation of novel urban distribution network considering the switching power supply harmonic and the correlation of impedance-frequency
Authors: Zhong Jun , Zhang Hongzhao , Zhang Huaying , Jin Yang , Dong Kun , Sun Ruichen , Zhao Jianfeng
Published: April 2024

Harmonic power flow calculation is the basis of harmonic analysis, tracing, and treatment. This paper focuses on the harmonic issues associated with the implementation of the “dual-carbon” plan in novel urban distribution networks. Due to the widespread integration of renewable energy generation into urban electrical grids, an increasing number of power electronic devices are being connected to the grid, which has a certain impact on harmonic power flow. Firstly, the harmonic components of 6-pulse and 12-pulse rectifiers are analyzed for the switching power supply model widely used in the distribution network. Secondly, the equivalent parameter models of the generator, the transformer, and the lines are reviewed. Finally, from the perspective of power balance, a harmonic power flow model considering the terminal switching power supplies and the correlation between impedance and frequency is proposed. Simulation verification is conducted to demonstrate the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method.
Effectiveness evaluation of complex electromechanical system based on improved analytic hierarchy process - entropy weight method - fuzzy synthesis evaluation method
Authors: Yang Zhiyong , Zhang Peng , Sun Zhangzhe , Yu Lingtao
Published: April 2024

At present, complex electromechanical systems are widely used in modern society. By evaluating complex electromechanical systems, it is of great value to improve and upgrade them. Given the complex and interrelated characteristics of performance indicators, this paper establishes the performance evaluation indicator system of a complex electromechanical system, proposes to calculate the weight of each indicator by an improved analytic hierarchy process, revises the indicator weight by entropy weight method, and then adopts fuzzy synthesis evaluation method to evaluate the comprehensive effectiveness of a complex electromechanical system quantitatively. Through the example analysis, it is proved that this method provides an effective way for the effectiveness evaluation of complex electromechanical systems.
Study on power electronic converter electromagnetic interference experiment method
Authors: Liang Bin , Xin Jianguo , Huang Xiaoxi , Zhong Dan , Shi Yien , Zhang Delong
Published: April 2024

Effective measurement is the foundation for predicting and suppressing EMI. This article implements an effective EMI experimental method to conduct conducted EMI testing on high-power three-phase converter power cables. Detailed analysis and discussion are conducted on the experimental instruments, experimental layout, installation details, and other issues during the experimental setup process. The experimental method has improved the EMI testing technology of the converter and has a certain universality, which has practical significance for predicting and analyzing the conducted electromagnetic sensitivity of power electronic equipment.
Interactive technology of high voltage tower acceptance UAV Based on AR and YOLOv7
Authors: Zhang Sijiang , Li Zhengfa , Huang Linke , Zhang Dongsheng
Published: April 2024

To address many shortcomings of the current unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) inspection mode of the transmission line high-voltage towers and improve the inspection efficiency, the UAV tower foreign matter detection technology based on Augmented Reality (AR) and You Only Look Once: Unified, Real-Time Object Detection (YOLOv7) has been developed. Firstly, the system architecture, including UAV, ground station, and AR glasses is established. Then, the AR scene is built by using the Unity engine, and the interactive control mode between AR glasses and UAV is designed. Subsequently, the mapping mode of head action and UAV command is devised to synchronize the UAV action and head action. Finally, the tower is detected for foreign objects by using YOLOv7 vision detection technology. The experimental results validate the efficacy of the built AR scene, demonstrating seamless functionality in completing the video streaming and attitude data transmission functions. The use of AR glasses can achieve interactive control of the UAV attitude. In addition, the YOLOv7 visual detection algorithm can accurately detect the attachment of foreign objects to the high-voltage tower.
Reconfiguration of distributed power distribution networks based on improved gravitational search algorithms
Authors: Lin Zefeng , Xiao Jianmei
Published: April 2024

In order to solve the problem of weak global search ability and premature convergence of GSA, a hybrid algorithm combining GSA and PSO is proposed. This algorithm can effectively use the advantages of PSO in global search. In addition, the update strategy of the gravitational constant is optimized, which improves the early search ability of the algorithm. Taking the reduction of network loss as the objective function, the improved algorithm is used to reconstruct the distribution network with distributed generation. The simulation results of the IEEE33 system show that this algorithm can efficiently decrease the network loss and enhance the node voltage.
A method for locating lightning strikes in distribution lines with multiple branches
Authors: Huang Zhidu , Wu Zhongyang , Cui Zhimei , Xu Wenping , Liu Yinglong , Li Shengdong , Feng Yubin , Chen Yinyao
Published: April 2024

A lightning strike fault location (FT) method for multi-terminal overhead lines based on 0-mode 1-mode wave velocity difference is proposed to address the shortcomings of current multi-terminal overhead line positioning methods that are difficult to identify due to multi-terminal GPS time synchronization and reflected traveling waves. Based on the wave velocity difference between 0-mode and 1-mode, single-end ranging is performed, and an FT judgment vector is formed based on the ratio of the ranging results of each monitoring terminal to the inherent length of the line. By analyzing the element features in the FT judgment vector, an FT criterion is proposed, and the FT results of the appropriate monitoring terminal are selected as the final FT. After PSCAD/EMTDC simulation verification, this method is suitable for complex multi-branch overhead lines, and can accurately locate the FT without being affected by time synchronization.
Static model of DFIG wind farms considering control strategies
Authors: Wu Xu , Wang Jingjing , Xie Dawei , Peng Wei , Mai Li
Published: April 2024

The static equivalent models of DFIG grid-connected currents vary under different control strategies. Traditional static equivalent algorithms fail to consider these differences, posing risks in static security analysis. In this study, based on the internal structure of DFIG, grid-connected current models for DFIG under different control strategies are established. The appropriate model is selected during the current calculation process based on the coupling relationship between active power (P) and reactive power (Q) of DFIG. Subsequently, generator nodes to be retained are selected according to the reactive power sensitivity of external network generators based on the internal network, and the node admittance matrix is modified to perform static equivalence. Results show that the proposed model in this study has higher accuracy compared to the traditional Ward equivalent model.