bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time to tame the wild west: working together to tackle the training agenda and ensure appropriate qualifications
Authors: Taber Sally
Published: March 2021

Sally Taber explores the steps that need to be taken to ensure public protection in non-surgical aesthetics, as well as the establishment of statutory regulation and advertising standards
Embracing online opportunities: how aesthetics clinics can ride the digital wave
Authors: Adams Alan S
Published: March 2021

Alan Adams shares his seven top tips for aesthetic practitioners looking to increase their online presence and expand their business
Extraordinary events require extraordinary measures
Authors: Bernstein Adam
Published: March 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has been an extraordinary event. While some sectors have done well in the downturn—video conferencing, online retail and groceries, to name but a few—others, including healthcare, have had their share of problems. For many, there is a real need to find urgent solutions to two very knotty problems: survival and cash flow. Adam Bernstein explains.
Oily Sludge Recovery using Microwave Pyrolysis Technique
Authors: Abualnaja Khamael M. , Abo-Dief Hala M. , Ali Ola A. Abu , Al-Anazi Abdullah , Mohamed Ashraf T.
Published: March 2021

The oily sludge treatments catch widespread attention. But, management of sludge is difficult and costly undertaking. The oil recovery pyrolysis temperature, heating rate and carbon wt.% is discussed. The recovered aliphatic, aromatic, elemental components and gases were obtained with respect to the nitrogen flow rate. The present work showed that as the heating rate increases, both the %pyrolysis oil and gases increases up to 600 OC, while the %pyrolysis char decreases. Beyond 600 OC, the pyrolysis gases% increases, the pyrolysis oil% decreases while the %pyrolysis char continuous decreases. Gas chromatography, and calorific value used to examine the hydrocarbon compositions of the virgin, sludge, and pyrolysis oils.
Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticle using Coconut for Encapsulation of Curcumin
Authors: Perez Karl Shaine Manalili , Abesamis Mario
Published: March 2021

Today, cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Currently, there are no cancer treating-drugs available. Cancer cells generally respond to radical-scavenging compounds like polyphenols, and Curcumin is one of them. Also known as diferuloylmethane, Curcumin is a low molecular-weight active constituent from the perennial herb Curcuma longa (commonly known as turmeric) with an established anticancer property. However, this compound has very low bioavailability for efficient absorption. In the present study, Curcumin is encapsulated with gold nanoparticles to improve its bioavailability. Gold nanoparticle synthesized from coconut extract renders the element to be less toxic. The curcumin-gold nanoparticle solution was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope for its morphology and LC50 (Lethal Concentration needed to kill the 50% of the population) toxicity of the solution. The results confirmed the synthesis and encapsulation of Curcumin with gold nanoparticles.
Effect of Leaves and Acids types on The Electrical Absorbance of DSSC using Nanostructured Zinc Oxide
Authors: Al-Ghamdi Saeed Ahmed
Published: March 2021

Solar energy is the most promising sources of energy in KSA due to the constant high solar radiation throughout the year. This not used effectively due to the solar cells rising costs. Nano solar cells are the promising alternative in comparison to silicon solar cells due to its lower cost. leaves of green cabbage and orange plant used as sensitizers. The effect of extracted temperatures, and immersed periods on the energy conversion efficiency is obtained. Among the previous dyes, orange showed the best efficiency. The Nano dye sensitized solar cells (NDSSC’s) performance improved through controlling the extraction solution temperature and both the pre-treatments of the Nano zinc oxide glass substrate and its post-treatments films using hydrochloric, phosphoric, and nitric acids. The max. conversion efficiency is 0.141 at 60OC and 0.11 at 45OC for both orange and green cabbage respectively. The pre-treatment of the FTO with HCL, HNO3 and H3PO4 showed an efficiency improvement of 214%, 180% and 140% at 8 hrs using orange leaves dye, and 207%, 184% and 152% respectively at 6 hrs using green cabbage .
Stability Indicating Method Development, Validation and Forced Degradation Study for Vilazodone Hydrochloride API
Authors: Chaudhari Yogesh Jagdish , Lokhande Rama Sadashiv , Yadav Ravi Ramrathi
Published: March 2021

The current study describes the short, stability indicative HPLC method development and successive validation of Assay and Related Substances methods for Vilazodone Hydrochloride API. This study also covers Vilazodone process impurities viz. Impurity A and Impurity B. The chromatographic conditions for Related Substances and Assay are similar except sample concentration. The proposed method utilizes C18 column (15 cm X 4.6 mm, 5 µ, make ZORBAX SB) and mobile phase having Methanol and 0.05 M KH2PO4 (55: 45 v/v). The separation between all three analytes was achieved in less than five minutes. The analytical validation of these method was carried out successfully as per ICH and other international guidelines. The API was subject to various stress conditions like temperature, humidity, acidic and basic hydrolysis, oxidative degradation. The exposed samples analysed for impurities and assay. The mass balance for each condition was found more than 98%.
Wide dynamic laser ranging based on diode laser and photon-counting techniques
Authors: Tang Yumei , Yang Runze , Qiu Jian , Liu Kefu
Published: March 2021

Ultrafast diode laser and photon-counting techniques were united to solve the trade-off between the dynamic range and high precision in the time of flight (TOF) laser ranging. Based on the direct time of flight (D-TOF) laser ranging method, we developed a wide dynamic laser ranging system. The peak power of the emission laser can reach 70 W, the width of pulsed laser is less than 2 ns, and the repetition rate can reach 500 kHz. The experimental results show that the precision is 7.5 mm when the echo signal is saturated. The maximum range can reach kilometer level, the accuracy is within 30 cm, and the repetition rate of measurement can reach 100 kHz. The system has the advantages of small size, low cost, fast detection speed, and high accuracy, which can be used in the fields of dynamic target measurement and high-speed environment perception.
Estudio de los espacios profesionales actuales de la Pedagogía: La voz del alumnado y de los profesionales
Authors: Altuna Urdin Jon , Cruz Iglesias Esther , Aierbe Barandiaran Ana , Madinabeitia Ezkurra Alba , Marko Juanikorena Inazio
Published: March 2021

Introducción: Este artículo se enmarca en una investigación que se ha realizado en el grado de pedagogía de la Facultad de Educación, Filosofía y Antropología de la UPV/EHU. Objetivo: Identificar las necesidades formativas del alumnado con relación a las competencias transversales de la titulación de cara a la inserción laboral del mismo. Método: El diseño utilizado es exploratorio, descriptivo y longitudinal. Se parte del análisis de la voz del alumnado, realizando un cuestionario y unos focus group referidos a las salidas profesionales y las competencias transversales. Posteriormente, se recoge la voz de los profesionales de la pedagogía respecto a las dos cuestiones anteriores mediante un cuestionario y entrevistas individuales. Resultados: El alumnado piensa que la salida profesional de teoría pedagógica, evaluación e investigación es la que más se trabaja en el grado. Detectan necesidades formativas relacionadas con orientación laboral, el uso de la TICs y la falta de interacción entre el mundo académico y profesional. Respecto a las competencias transversales, el alumnado piensa que se trabajan de forma implícita y no explícita y apuntan que las competencias de creatividad e innovación y aprender a aprender son poco trabajadas. Los profesionales valoran mucho todas las competencias transversales, pero son las de aprender a aprender y comunicación las que obtienen puntuaciones más altas. Discusión: Si los profesionales piensan que las competencias de aprender a aprender y comunicación son las más valoradas y el alumnado piensa que no se trabajan lo suficiente y que no se hace de manera explícita, el profesorado debería diseñar un proceso de mejora del grado en esta línea. Conclusiones: De cara a la mejora del grado de pedagogía, hay que emprender acciones para explicitar el trabajo de las competencias transversales e incorporar de forma explícita otras como la adaptación al cambio y la capacidad para atraer la atención.
Comunicação com clientes via redes sociais: da captação ao pós-venda em agências de viagem de São Luís do Maranhão, Brasil
Authors: Silva David Leonardo Bouças da , Silva Jovelane Ribeiro da , Ferreira Luciana Brandão , Sousa Eriberto do Nascimento
Published: March 2021

Este trabalho objetivou analisar o uso das redes sociais pelas agências de viagem de São Luís - Maranhão, como comunicação estratégica na captação de clientes. Para tanto, desenvolveu-se pesquisa exploratória, transversal e qualitativa, junto a agências da capital maranhense. A coleta de informações ocorreu com base em roteiro semiestruturado elaborado, principalmente a partir dos trabalhos de Alves et al. (2017), Gomes e Mondo (2016), Matikiti et al. (2017), Vareiro e Pinheiro (2017), contendo três categorias: comportamento nas mídias/redes sociais, estratégias de captação de clientes e resultados das estratégias. A técnica de análise utilizada foi a Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados mais relevantes indicaram que as empresas utilizam redes sociais para ampliar visibilidade e interação com consumidores, captar clientes e reduzir custos, almejando sobreviver no mercado. As postagens principais versam sobre pacotes/destinos e fotos de viagens. A captação de clientes ocorre, sobretudo, a partir de ações promocionais nas redes sociais, como impulsionamento e influenciadores digitais, contudo permanecem empregando estratégias convencionais, como rádio, outdoors, participação em feiras/eventos, afora parcerias interempresariais. Na comercialização on-line, combinam diferentes mídias sociais na negociação, no fechamento e no pós-venda. A atuação virtual incrementa o desempenho refletido pelo aumento do número de clientes e alcance de novos públicos/mercados. Conclui-se que apostar nas estratégias de comunicação via redes sociais contribui no enfrentamento da concorrência e das externalidades típicas do setor turístico.
A kohéziós politika változásainak és eredményességének hatásai a vállalati döntéshozatalra
Authors: Lóránd Balázs
Published: March 2021

A vállalati szféra döntéshozói szempontjából fontos mérlegelési aspektust képez az európai uniós forrásokból megvalósuló fejlesztéspolitika alakulása, eredményessége. Ezek a tényezők beépülnek a döntési modellekbe is. A vállalatvezetők számára a költség- és időigényesség a legfontosabb mérlegelési szempont. Ezek alapján átlátható döntési mechanizmusokra, egységes eljárási rendekre, gyors és egyszerű adminisztrációra, ügyfélközpontú, hatékony intézményrendszerre van szükség. Az ötödik kohéziós jelentés megjelenése ismét az érdeklődés középpontjába helyezte az Európai Unióban a kohéziós politikát. A továbbra is jelen lévő gazdasági, szociális és területi egyenlőtlenségek oldása érdekében szükség van olyan fejlesztéspolitikai eszközrendszerre, amely egyszerre szolgálhatja a versenyképesség erősítését és a konvergenciát.
Proving Chinese Law in the Courts of the United States
Authors: Wagner Richard K
Published: March 2021

The volume of disputes heard by United States (US) courts containing a China element continues to be robust even against a backdrop of political rhetoric concerning an economic ‘de-coupling’ of the US and China. These cross-border disputes often involve Chinese parties and special issues, some of which concern Chinese business culture, but many of which involve interpreting questions of Chinese law. How is proving Chinese law accomplished in these cases and how have US courts performed in interpreting Chinese law? This article first discusses the approach to proving Chinese law in US courts. While expert testimony is often submitted and can be valuable to a US court, the applicable US rule offers no standards by which these opinions are to be judged. And, in the China context, without specific guidance, it can be challenging for a judge, unaccustomed with China or the Chinese legal system to determine which version of the law to believe. Moreover, under the applicable rule, the US court can simply ignore competing Chinese law opinions and conduct its own Chinese law legal research, presumably using English language sources. This can lead to interesting interpretations of Chinese law to say the least. The article anchors its discussion in an examination of those recent cases which have interpreted Article 277 of the Civil Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China. This is the legal provision of Chinese law that can be implicated in certain situations involving cross-border discovery, and there are now numerous Article 277 cases among the reported US decisions. The article analyses Article 277 by placing it within the larger context of Chinese civil procedure and argues that the language used in the provision has a special meaning within Chinese evidence law that has been obscured in those US case decisions interpreting it, leading to erroneous results. The article concludes by offering judges and practitioners some suggestions for interpreting Chinese law in future US cases.

Keywords: Chinese law; US courts; Article 277; deposition; cross-border discovery; Hague Evidence Convention; Chinese civil procedure.
Human Rights, China and the UN
Authors: Burnay Matthieu , Pils Eva
Published: March 2021

Keywords: human rights; Universal Periodic Review; China; Xinjiang; Hong Kong.
Medical Negligence Dispute Resolution in China
Authors: Tang Cedric
Published: March 2021

Medical negligence is an important issue in China today, threatening to undermine the party-state policy objectives of social stability and the right to health, thus requiring effective solutions. China’s response includes a dispute resolution regime for issues of medical negligence, structured as a bifurcated administrative and court regime and supplemented by mediation. This Note examines this dispute resolution regime, its difficulties and possible ways of reform. More specifically, it explores whether the current assignment of liability is appropriate when considered in the context of the system’s relationship to the policy objective of social stability and suggests that social stability may be more efficiently achieved by greater utilization of preventative measures.

Keywords: medical negligence; medical disputes; China; mediation; social stability; right to health.
Tarekat “Virtual”: Sebuah Gagasan Alternatif Bertarekat Dari Muhammad Nursamad Kamba
Authors: Mustofa Helmi
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini mencoba mendeskripsikan pandangan Muhammad Nursamad Kamba tentang apa yang dia sebut sebagai tarekat “virtual”. Suatu cara bertasawuf dan bertarekat yang berbeda dalam sejumlah metode dengan tarekat formal. Metode tersebut terangkum dalam kata “virtual”. Kata “virtual” di sini tidak terutama merujuk pada makna dunia internet atau dunia maya, sebagaimana kata tersebut digunakan selama ini, melainkan pada “keberguruan dari seorang murid kepada guru secara jarak jauh atau remote.” Pada sisi praktis, tarekat “virtual” menawarkan kemudahan dalam dalam bertasawuf kepada siapa saja, terutama bagi orang-orang yang hidup dalam kultur profesional, perkotaan, dan urban, yang boleh jadi mencari alternatif dalam bertarekat. Namun, sebagai seseorang yang memiliki gagasan tarekat “virtual”, menariknya Muhammad Nursamad Kamba tidak menempuh metode sebagaimana yang sudah ada dengan misalnya membentuk padepokan, kelas, atau program yang ditujukan kepada kelas menengah kota. Karena itu, selain coba memaparkan secara ringkas gagasan tarekat “virtual” ini, tulisan ini akan melihat bagaimana Muhammad Nursamad Kamba mengartikulasikan tasawuf di tengah masyarakat modern. Dua di antara yang dilakukannya adalah mendirikan Prodi Tasawuf Psikoterapi pada Fakultas Ushuluddin UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung dan aktif dalam forum dan komunitas Maiyah yang diasuh oleh budayawan Emha Ainun Nadjib.[This research seeks to describe and interpret a new “genre” of school of Sufism called Tarekat “Virtual” introduced by Muhammad Nursamad Kamba. Interestingly, the term “virtual” in this case has nothing to do with what it is commonly known as “the internet”, but it is a new paradigm that shifts a formalistic way of Sufism into a more personal relationship between the Mursyid and their students through a distance of teaching approach.  On the ground, this new method offers tremendous alternatives and more convenience features of Sufism towards urban millennials or among professional communities who are now on the rise. This research is intended to understand both the usage of tarekat “Virtual” in current urban Indonesian society, more specifically in academic communities (such as with the establishment of Department of Tasawuf Psychotherapy in UIN Sunan Gunung Jati Bandung initiated by Kamba), and the wider roles of Kamba’s idea of modern Sufism in fast growing forum of Maiyah movement initiated by Emha Ainun Nadjib.]
Selebritas dan Transformasi Keagamaan: Citra Ganda Artis Perempuan Muslim
Authors: Irwanti Neneng
Published: March 2021

Transformasi merupakan perubahan, pada dewasa ini sering menjadi citraganda dalam selebritas khususnya pada perempuan muslimah. Transformasi keagamaan sering di artikan proses perubahan agama yang tidak sesuai syariat agama menjadi yang sesuai dengan syariat agama, yang di lakukan pada sebritis. Pada penelitian ini peneliti memiliki tujuan, untuk mengetahui bagaimana gaya hidup selebritis perempuan muslimah yang menjadi rujukan masyarakat yang sedang melakukan transformasi keagamaan, dan citraganda yang dimiliki oleh artis perempuan muslimah yang sedang berhijrah, karena dalam proses ini para selebriti tidak kehilangan popularitas dan proses hijrahnya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni kualitatif dengan melakukan observasi, terhadap para selebriti yang sedang melakukan proses hijrah dan menjadi rujukan masyarakat. Selain itu peneliti juga menggukan analisis dokumentasi yang di bagikan selebritis dalam media sosia, dan trasnsformasi keagamaan yang dilakukan selebritis dapat menjadikan rujukan bagi masyarakat.[Transformation is a change, in this day and age it is often a celebrity in celebrities especially in Muslim women. Religious transformation is often interpreted as a process of religious change that is not in accordance with religious law to be in accordance with religious law, which is carried out on sebritis. In this study, researchers have a goal, to find out how the lifestyle of celebrity Muslim women who become a reference for people who are doing religious transformation, and the image that is owned by Muslim women artists who are emigrating, because in this process celebrities do not lose popularity and the hijrah process. The method used in this research is qualitative by observing celebrities who are doing a migratory process and become a community reference. In addition, researchers also useddocumentation analysis that celebrities share on social media. Religious transformation carried out by celebrities can be a reference for the community.]
Theoritical Sensitivity: Mengungkap Konsep dalam Penelitian Ilmiah Kajian Sastra
Authors: Rodiah Ita
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa dalam sebuah penelitian ilmiah dibutuhkan sensitivitas teoritis (theoretical sensitivity). Dengan menggunakan argumentasi akademik yang telah dikemukakan oleh komunitas akademik lainnya, melalui grounded theory penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa teoritisasi data dilakukan secara induktif yaitu didasarkan pada temuan dan analisis pelbagai data observasi empirik di lapangan (grounded in data). Penelitian ini  tidak sependapat dengan komunitas akademik Chicago School of Sociology yang menggunakan deductive qualitative analysis dalam proses theory-building. Penelitian ini mendukung perspektif theoretical sensitivity Barney G. Glaser (Theoretical Sensitivity: Advances in the Methodology of Grounded Theory: 1978) dan Barney G. Glaser & Anselm L. Strauss (The Discovery of Grounded Theory: 1967 & Awareness of Dying: 1965) yang menyatakan bahwa dalam sebuah penelitian, theoretical sensitivity memegang peranan kunci tehadap pelbagai data di lapangan/fenomena masalah yang diteliti dalam kerangka teoritis untuk dilakukan build theory. Berdasarkan asumsi teoritik Glaser dan Strauss tersebut, theoretical sensitivity sangat mungkin untuk digunakan dalam penelitian ilmiah seperti kajian sastra. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi implementasi theoritical sensitivity dalam kajian novel Saman karya Ayu Utami dan Perempuan Berkalung Sorban karya Abidah el Khaliqy dengan hasil penelitian berupa lahirnya konsep genre sastra wangi dan sastra feminis Islam.[The paper talks a scientific study that requires theoretical sensitivity. With academic arguments that puts forward by the academic community, grounded theory in the research reveals inductive data theoritization based on findings and analysis of various empirical observational data in the field research. The article does not agree with the Chicago School of Sociology Scholar, which uses deductive qualitative analysis in the theory-building process. The study supports the theoretical sensitivity perspective of Barney G. Glaser and Anselm L. Strauss. Both of these scholar stated that a study on theoretical sensitivity has a key role in various data in the field or problem phenomena being studied in the theoretical framework for a build theory. Based on the theoretical assumptions of Barney G. Glaser and Anselm L. Strauss, theoretical sensitivity is very likely to be used in scientific research such as literature studies. This paper explores the implementation of theoretical sensitivity in the study of the novel “Saman” by Ayu Utami and “Perempuan Berkalung Sorban” by Abidah el Khaliqy. This study gives the new Persepective of fragrant literary genres and Islamic feminist literature.]
Islam Nusantara: Harapan dan Tantangan
Authors: Tanabora Yulius Erick
Published: March 2021

Tulisan ini menampilkan diskripsi tentang Islam Nusantara, Manhaj Fikrah Islam Nusantara, berbagai kritikan terhadap konsep Islam Nusantara serta analisa Epistemologi-Kritis padakonsep Islam Nusantara ini di masa depan.[This paper presents the Islamic Religion in Nusantara, Manhaj Fikrah in Nusantara, the various criticisms of the concept of Islamic Religion in Nusantara, and the Critical Epistemology concept of the future on Islamic Religion in Nusantara.]
TRADISI SAKRAL DAN TRADISI POPULIS DALAM MASYARAKAT MUSLIM DI INDRAMAYU
Authors: Mubarok Frenky
Published: March 2021

Masyrakat tidak dapat dilepaskan dengan tradisi yang ada di dalamnya. Salah satu unsur yang membentuk tradisi tersebut adalah keberadaan agama yang menjadi keyakinan masyrakat. Bagi masyarakat Jawa – Indramayu tradisi tidak hanya bersifat sakral namun juga dikemas secara populis sehingga dapat berpengaruh dalam perkembangan sosial dan ekonomi masyrakatnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bentuk perkembangan tradisi sakral dan tradisi populis di dalam masyrakat Indramayu dan pengaruhnya bagi masyrakat itu sendiri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitis yang diambil dari literatur maupun pengolahan data lapangan yang penulis dapatkan. Agar cakupan penelitian ini lebih terfokus maka penulis membatasi pembahasan penelitian ini pada tradisi sunatan, rasulan dan arak-arakan depok. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa terdapat ambivalensi dalam relasi antara tradisi sakral dan tradisi populis di dalam masyrakat Indramayu. Hal tersebut karena meskipun masyarakat Indramayu tatap memelihara keyakinannya terhadap agama dengan menjaga tradisi-tadisi yang bernilai sakral, akan tetapi tetap terbuka terhadap budaya populis yang memberikan peluang terjadinya pelanggaran etika dan moral yang ada di dalam agama. Meskipun demikian dalam kedudukannya di masyarkat, kedua tradisi ini berjalan beriringan bahkan saling melengkapi.
PRESIDEN PEREMPUAN: STUDI ATAS PANDANGAN KIYAI HUSEIN MUHAAMMAD
Authors: Gazali Gazali , Syafrizal Syafrizal
Published: March 2021

This article addresses the issue of a female president according to K.H. Husein Muhammad. This figure is used as a reference material, first, because of his high attention to gender issues. Second, women's leadership in Indonesia is a discourse and vehicle that develops dialectically and is very interesting to be used as a reference material, especially since Indonesia is the largest Muslim country in the world where gender issues are still in the "debateble" category. This article is a literature review using the inductive methodology, by compiling the works of the figures studied to draw conclusions related to the issues discussed. From this article conclusions are drawn; 1) Analysis in terms of women's leadership Kiyai Husein allowed it because the verse that spoke about male leadership was born from patriarchal culture. 2) While the traditions that talk about women's leadership are traditions that have asbabun nuzul about the leadership of women who are disputed / arbitrary and the traditions must be understood in terms of al ibrah bi specialization sabab la bi'umumil lafzhi and that hadith is not in the context of legal legitimacy but just a notification.
Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of isatin-pyrrole derivatives against HepG2 cell line
Authors: Santoso Mardi , Fadlan Arif , Fahmi Muhammad Riza Ghulam , Rahmayanti Ardhana
Published: March 2021

This paper reports the synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of isatin-pyrrole derivatives 5–8, obtained from the appropriate isatins with pyrrole, with good yields and purity. The product structures were confirmed through spectroscopy methods. Furthermore, the MTT assay on the human liver cancer HepG2 cell lines revealed moderate activity in all compounds, which was highest in sample 6 (IC50 0.47 µM). The anticancer activity was affiliated with the presence of a nitro group at C-5 and N-methyl of the isatin scaffold.
Bilayer split-ring chiral metamaterial based reconfigurable antenna for polarization conversion
Authors: Kaur Preet , Prajapati Pravin R.
Published: March 2021

A bilayer split-ring chiral metamaterial converts the linearly polarized wave, into a nearly perfect left or right-handed circularly polarized wave. The proposed antenna is intended to operate at center frequency of 5.80 GHz with switchable polarization capability. The polarization re-configurability is achieved by electronically switching of two PIN-diode pairs, which are embedded into bilayer split-ring Chiral Metamaterial. The optimized length of rectangular patch is 16 mm and width is 12.1 mm. Two types of radiation characteristics offered by the proposed antenna; left hand circularly polarized in mode 1 and right hand circularly polarized in mode 2. Measured results show that its impedance bandwidth is 155 MHz from 5.70 to 5.855 GHz for both mode 1 and mode 2. The measured axial-ratio bandwidth is 100 MHz from 5.75 to 5.85 GHz for mode 1 and 110 MHz from 5.73 to 5.84 GHz for mode 2. Antenna has LHCP gain of 2.52 dBi and RHCP gain of −23 dBi in mode 1. RHCP gain of 2 dBi and polarization purity of about −20 dBi is obtained in mode 2. The proposed antenna has simple structure, low cost and it has potential application in field of wireless communication (i.e., WiMax, WLAN etc.).
The flipped classroom: a novel approach to physical examination skills for osteopathic medical students
Authors: Bhai Sahar Amin , Poustinchian Brian
Published: March 2021

Context

Medical students are faced with the challenge of synthesizing large volumes of information quickly. With the increasing accessibility of technology, a “flipped classroom” allows students to learn foundational material independently. Class time is instead devoted to in-depth skill building with instructors, promoting an active learning environment. This method of content delivery is also relevant given the current COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives

To comprehensively evaluate the benefit of adopting a flipped classroom approach in teaching physical exam skills (PES) to first-year osteopathic medical students.

Methods

A cohort study was conducted comparing first-year osteopathic students in the class of 2022 (n=201), who had taken the PES course traditionally, with the class of 2023 (n=203), who experienced the flipped classroom approach. Objective metrics such as cumulative grades, objective structural clinical examination performance (OSCE), and practical exam performance were compared using nonparametric Mann–Whitney U rank sum tests. Subjective measures such as student course evaluations were used to analyze course perceptions using independent sample t-tests assuming unequal variances. A faculty survey was administered to faculty who taught both cohorts to assess instructor attitudes toward the flipped classroom approach. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Spring 2020 quarter data was not included, given the transition of all classes to an online learning environment.

Results

The flipped classroom approach significantly improved objective student performance for the Fall (p=0.009) and Winter (p<0.001) student cumulative grades and the History-Taking OSCE (p=0.010). Performance on Fall and Winter practical exam scores had no significant association with the flipped classroom. General student perceptions of the course remained unchanged between both cohorts. Faculty survey results from 10 faculty members showed that six (60%) faculty members preferred the traditional classroom, while four (40%) preferred the flipped classroom.

Conclusions

The flipped classroom approach showed some statistically significant improvement in student PES. Further studies are needed to evaluate the benefits of a flipped classroom approach using skills-based assessments styles to measure student performance, with a focus on standardization of in-classroom groupwork.
Unemployment in the Affective Economy: Exploring the Affective Governing of Young Unemployed People in the Danish Welfare State
Authors: Pultz Sabina
Published: March 2021

This case study investigates the affective governing of young unemployed people, and it concludes that getting money in the Danish welfare state comes with an “affective price”. In the quest for a job, unemployed people have been increasingly responsibilized in order to live up to the ideal of the active jobseeker. Consequently, when faced with unemployment, they are encouraged to work harder on themselves and their motivation. Based on an interview study with young unemployed people (N=39) and field observations made at employment fund agencies in Denmark (2014–15), I explore how young unemployed people are governed by and through their emotions. By supplementing governmentality studies (Foucault et al. 1988, 2010) with the concept of “affective economy” from Ahmed (2014), I discuss how young unemployed people who receive money from the Danish state are placed in a situation of debt. The paper unfolds how this debt becomes visible as the unemployed people often describe feeling under suspicion for not doing enough, for not being motivated enough. Through an abundance of (pro) activity, they have to prove the suspicion of being lazy wrong, and through managing themselves as active jobseekers, they earn the right to get money from the state. Here motivation, passion and empowerment are key currencies. I discuss the intricate interplay between monetary and affective currencies as well as political implications in the context of the Danish welfare. The article contributes by making visible the importance of taking affective matters into account when investigating the complex relationship between politics and psychology.
Child Money and Food Stamps: A comparative analysis of Mongolian welfare programmes in theGerDistricts of Ulaanbaatar
Authors: Fox Elizabeth
Published: March 2021

Until recently, the Mongolian welfare system was entirely category based. However, a new food stamps programme funded by loans from the Asian Development Bank, which targets aid according to proxy means testing, has been introduced as part of the bank’s aim to push Mongolia towards a fiscally sustainable welfare model. The food stamps programme is presented as efficient and responsible in contrast to Mongolia’s universal child money programme. Based on long-term participant observation research in thegerdistricts of Ulaanbaatar, areas inhabited by many rural-urban migrants living in poverty, this paper compares the two programmes, interweaving street-level accounts of the experiences of residents and bureaucrats alike with the respective histories and funding sources of the two programmes. Doing so provides a multi-level analysis of the emergent welfare state in Mongolia, unpicking the ‘system’ thatgerdistrict residents encounter, linking the relative influence of international financial institutions to democratic and economic cycles, and offering a critique of the supposed efficiency of targeted welfare programmes.
Punishing the Poor and Fighting “Immigration into the Social System” – Welfare Reforms by the Conservative and Far-right Government in Austria 2017–2019
Authors: Atzmüller Roland , Knecht Alban , Bodenstein Michael
Published: March 2021

The paper analyses and assesses social policy reforms of the conservative, far-right and right-wing populist coalition government in Austria between 2017 and 2019 in the light of the debates about welfare chauvinist, authoritarian and populist social policies. The latter had gained in importance over the previous years due to the upsurge of far-right and right-wing populist parties and the (at least partial) accommodation of mainstream parties to this tendency in many countries. The policies of the government were based on the view that the social problems associated with immigration were (at least) one of the main underlying causes for the problems affecting the Austrian society. The paper shows that the government initiated strategies to tackle these developments via a renationalisation of social policies. The analysis is focused on implemented and planned activities geared mainly towards the (former) margins of the Austrian welfare regime (social assistance, active labour market policies, unemployment assistance, youth integration policies), as well as on the ideological articulations the government uttered to justify these reforms via the combination of welfare chauvinist orientations with centre-right concerns about market dynamics and public finances. Our analysis concludes that nativist/racialised, nationalist and welfare chauvinist social policies transcend the distinction of deserving and non-deserving social groups, which raises the question about the social imaginaries that lie beneath the attempts of far-right political actors to shape societies through the reform of welfare.
Politics on the Offensive: Examining the State of Civil Debate in Canadian Question Period
Authors: Campbell Roy
Published: March 2021

This paper analyzes the effects of civility on the efficacy of communications in the Canadian House of Commons. This is accomplished through a content analysis of statements made during Question Period by Members of Parliament. I argue that civility (or incivility) and rhetoric are not mere formalities in Parliamentary discourse, but are key to the ways in which politicians represent their positions and attempt to sway opinion. I hypothesize that these forms of civility and rhetoric may have an agenda-setting effect on the issues debated in Parliament. My paper thus sets out to explore the impacts of civil and uncivil discourse on the proceedings of Question Period, as well as the implications these impacts may have for Canadians and their engagement in politics.
Public Spheres in Private Spaces: How Capital Will Stop the Web’s Democratic Potential
Authors: Brown Kyle
Published: March 2021

In the late 1990s and into the early part of the new millennium, the vast, open, seemingly free space of the Internet allowed for many communication and political science scholars to bask in the optimism of a new communication system that would allow for increased debate, deliberation, and flow of information (Kellner, 1998). Notable scholars like Castells (1996) and Benkler (2006) led the charge of conversation in regards to the network society, and the democratizing impacts that such communication technologies could potentially provide. More recently, Internet optimists, like Shirky (2008, 2011), have expressed the role that digital technologies, mostly in terms of the Internet, can have in allowing for widespread democratizing communication, social movements and political action in its ability to organize and mobilize individuals, both in online discussion spaces, and in the “real” world.
Preface
Authors: Chen Rita , Price Andrea
Published: March 2021

In this preface, the editors discuss the theme and articles featured in this volume.
Dealing with negative social media comments: The giant bullhorn that punctures holes in organizations’ walls, like an arrow to the chest
Authors: Rino Antonio
Published: March 2021

A negative comment on a corporate social media post can pierce like an arrow to the chest and puncture holes into an organization’s walls. A single negative voice in a sea of positive feedback can feel as though it is blaring from a giant bullhorn, striking fear into corporate community managers that an avalanche of negativity will overtake positivity like a contagious bandwagon. Why would a corporation consider telling its story in the online battlefield of social media and risk exposing its reputation to a cesspool of negativity? This paper will explore why negativity is an online barrier through research, industry advice and best practices – including from the researchers and experts who use the foregoing colourful idioms and metaphors to describe negative online comments.
To answer the main question of why an organization would consider engaging on social media in the face of prolific negativity and hate speech, this paper will review the evolution of online emotions and the rise of negativity on social media. The paper will define negative online comments in the corporate context using research on trolls, cyberbullying and online personal attacks. Using the psychology of Pareto’s 80/20 rule and negativity bias, this paper will provide quantitative and qualitative perspectives on negativity to show why companies pay much more attention to negative comments than positive ones, and how analysis of negativity can help a company develop emotional intelligence. Examples will be presented from research and industry to understand and combat negativity and review research on user comments that classifies users to better understand their motivations. Using research on tone and voice in online conversation, this paper will share cautionary case studies that demonstrate how companies that are not self-aware can incite negative comments. Finally, this paper will review research on platform content moderation techniques to understand how social media platforms like Facebook manage negativity and will suggest similar solutions for corporations, including not only the online community’s ability but also our collective responsibility to moderate and overcome the online positivity deficit.
 
Keywords: social media, community manager, online negativity, negativity bias, negative comments, online emotions, user categorization
Building a Social Media Strategy for Frontenac Community Mental Health & Addiction Services (FCMHS)
Authors: Humphreys Blake Karen
Published: March 2021

Tis case study focuses on how social media applications can assist a local community mental health and addictions agency, Frontenac Community Mental Health & Addiction Services (FCMHAS), in Kingston, Ontario to meet its public relations goals and objectives. It also reviews the potential for social media to be used in the treatment and recovery of clients. The paper features a broad review of relevant literature, a report on the findings of interviews with management staff, and input from clients. It discusses the benefits and risks of social media, how social media might be able to address mental health stigma, and organizational interest and readiness to engage in social media. A recommended social media strategy for the agency appears as an Appendix.
The Natural Path to Social Media: Assessing the Implications of Social Media in Relationship Management and Audience Engagement for Naturopathic Doctors
Authors: Sackeyfio Nii
Published: March 2021

Naturopathic medicine struggles to receive equal recognition to allopathic medicine. As a result, naturopathic practitioners must break through stigmas in public perception to create successful clinics. Public relations theory suggests the best way to change perceptions is through relationship management and dialogue. Consequently, the study investigated how social media can be the catalytic tool to assist in building relationships and dialogue, which in turn, brings in more clientele. The study utilized a combination of interviews with industry leaders, literature review and observation/secondary sources to derive a conclusion. It found that there is a legitimate role for social media in terms of practice management when used to engage and promote, specifically, if two-way dialogue is used as the strategic medium of communication. However, further follow-up to this study is needed since social media is still a relatively new communications tool. Therefore, it currently cannot replace the role of face-to-face communications but rather it must act as a supplementation.
O exílio dentro do exílio de Herbert Daniel - um exemplo da homofobia presente na esquerda revolucionária brasileira.
Authors: Pereira Alysson Brenner Nogueira
Published: March 2021

Resenha do livro “Revolucionário e Gay: A vida extraordinária de Herbert Daniel - Pioneiro na luta pela democracia, diversidade e inclusão”, lançado no ano de 2018, escrito por James Green.
Um museu, duas salas e os indígenas
Authors: Ribeiro Mariana
Published: March 2021

O artigo expõe de que formas a História e a Cultura Mbyá-Guarani são retratadas no espaço do Museu Júlio de Castilhos. O objetivo do texto é compreender os papéis que a instalação da nova Sala Indígena e do plano de ensino “Os Mbyá-Guarani e o Milho” possuem enquanto espaço e ação pedagógica de Ensino de História e como eles respondem às recentes concepções de Educação das Relações Étnico-Raciais. Para isso é comparada a montagem e a expografia da antiga Sala Farroupilha com o novo espaço, a Sala Indígena. Também é feita a análise da Sala Indígena e do plano de ensino sob a luz da Lei 11.645/2008. Conclui-se que essa lei tem papel fundamental no fomento à formação de educadoras e ao Ensino de História Indígena.Palavras-chave: Educação Patrimonial; História Indígena; Indigenização de museus; Museu Júlio de Castilhos. AbstractThe article explores how the history and culture of Mbyá-Guarani people are portrayed in the Júlio de Castilhos Museum. Following the teaching plan Os Mbyá-Guarani e o Milho, the aim is to comprehend the roles that the installation of the new Indigenous Room plays as a place for pedagogical action and history teaching, and how these roles respond to recent notions on the teaching of ethnical and racial relations. Thus, the installation, as well as the exhibit design of the old Farroupilha Room, was compared with the new Indigenous Room. The analysis of the Indigenous Room and the teaching plan is further carried out under Brazilian law 11.645/2008. The conclusion points to the Brazilian law 11.645/2008 as playing a pivotal role in promoting the formation of teachers and in the teaching of Indigenous History.Keywords: Patrimonial Education; Indigenous History; Indigenization of museums; Júlio de Castilhos Museum.
A História Social e o Massacre da Linha do Parque
Authors: Landgraf Lênin Pereira
Published: March 2021

O presente artigo busca, utilizando como ponto de partida o artigo “História Social” de Hebe Castro, realizar uma brevíssima discussão a respeito do campo da História Social, relacionando o texto base com outros autores. Paralelamente se buscará evidenciar o papel que a História Social cumpre no projeto de pesquisa “O Massacre da Linha do Parque e a Disputa pela Memória – Rio Grande (1950)” desenvolvido no Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel).Palavras chave: História Social; Massacre da Linha do Parque; Classe Trabalhadora. AbstractThis paper aims to propose a brief discussion about the field of Social History, using as a starting point the paper "Social History" by Hebe Castro, relating the main text to other authors. In parallel, the article aims to highlight the role that Social History plays in the research project “O Massacre da Linha do Parque e a Disputa pela Memória  - Rio Grande (1950)” developed in the Postgraduate Program in History of the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel).Keywords: Social History; Massacre da Linha do Parque; Working Class.
Apresentação Dossiê "Descolonização Africana e suas Ideias Políticas"
Authors: Barbosa Pedro De Oliveira , Scholl Camille Johann
Published: March 2021

Apresentação dos trabalhos que compõem o dossiê que comanda esta edição.
A Instrumentalização do futebol como meio para a consolidação da Ditadura Civil-Militar (1966-1970)
Authors: Da Rosa Thiago Lindemaier
Published: March 2021

O presente trabalho se propõe a analisar o modo como a Ditadura Civil-Militar Brasileira se consolidou através do meio futebolístico e como este passou a ser institucionalizado pela mesma. Desse modo, serão analisadas as relações políticas e publicitárias que aproximavam o futebol do governo ditador e os benefícios que trouxeram para a Ditadura, relações essas que, em conjunto com o chamado milagre econômico, foram fundamentais para a popularidade do ditador Emílio Garrastazu Médici. Tendo como base o documentário Memórias do Chumbo – Futebol nos Tempos do Condor (2012), produzido pela emissora ESPN Brasil, este retrata o modo como o futebol foi utilizado para propagar a imagem publicitária e o de firmamento das Ditaduras no Cone-Sul. O documentário tem como diretor o historiador e jornalista Lucio Castro e conta com a participação de nomes já consagrados na historiografia brasileira.Palavras-chave: Ditadura; Futebol; Política; Brasil. AbstractThe present work proposes to analyze the way the Brazilian Civil-Military Dictatorship was consolidated through the footballing environment and how this became institutionalized by it. In this way, the political and advertising relations that brought football closer to the dictator government and the benefits they brought to the Dictatorship will be analyzed, relations that, together with the so-called economic miracle, were fundamental to the popularity of dictator Emílio Garrastazu Médici. Based on the documentary Memórias do Chumbo - Futebol nas Tempos do Condor (2012), produced by the broadcaster ESPN Brasil, this portrays the way football was used to propagate the advertising image and the firmament of the Dictatorships in the Southern Cone. The documentary is directed by the historian and journalist Lucio Castro and includes the participation of names already consecrated in Brazilian historiography.Keyword: Dictatorship; Football; Politics; Brazil