bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reglamentación de la actividad empresarial para el desarrollo
Authors: SalomÃo Filho Calixto
Published: August 2024

Identificando la existencia, cara a cara, del interés de la empresa y del interés colectivo, el artículo establece la necesidad de sopesarlos en la aplicación de la disciplina empresarial, a fin de direccionarlos verdadeiramente a los objetivos desarrollistas, vinculados a mejores patrones distributivos y de mejora social, concepto más compatible com la moderna idea de desarrollo.
Algunas reflexiones sobre la corrupción en Brasil
Authors: Berdugo Gómez De La Torre Ignacio
Published: August 2024

Algunas reflexiones sobre la corrupción en Brasil.
Effects of orange peel extract (Citrus sinensis) treatment on zebrafish oocytes (Danio rerio) exposed to heat stress
Authors: Residiwati Gretania , Shalawati Almira Ghina , Lesmana Muhamad Arfan , Anisa Agri Kaltaria , Lonameo Bonick Kartini , Tuska Habib Syaiful Arif
Published: August 2024

Background and Aim: Heat stress (HS) can negatively impact oocytes by disrupting mitochondrial activity, increasing the production of reactive oxygen species, and decreasing antioxidant levels. This study investigated the impact of orange peel (OP) exposure on zebrafish oocytes (ZOs) diameter, survival rate, and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) during HS.

Materials and Methods: We investigated the antioxidant effect of flavonoids (concentration = 328.58 ppm) derived from OP (Citrus sinensis) added to in vitro maturation (IVM) media of ZOs (Danio rerio) under non-heat stress (NHS) and HS conditions to mimic in vivo HS conditions due to the global warming phenomenon on females. ZO in stage 3 (n = 1080) was treated with 4 μL of OP extract (not treated/control) under HS: 32°C (Heat stress 32°C solution/Heat stress 32°C orange peel [HS32S/HS32O]) and 34°C (Heat stress 34°C solution/Heat stress 34°C orange peel [HS34S/HS34O]); and NHS: 28°C (Non-heat stress solution/Non-heat stress orange peel [NHSS/NHSO]), during maturation. After 24 h of maturation, we observed the oocyte diameter, survival rate, and GVBD rate. The data were analyzed with IBM Statistics 23 software using two-way analysis of variance and Kruskal–Wallis (p < 0.05).

Results: The highest oocyte diameter data were in NHS treated with OP extract (NHSO) group (0.759 ± 0.01; mean ± standard error) compared with HS group using and without OP extract (HS32S [0.583 ± 0.02]; HS32O [0.689 ± 0.02]; HS34S [0.554 ± 0.02]; and HS34O [0.604 ± 0.02]). The survival rate of OP treated group, namely, NHSO (93% ± 3%), HS32O (85% ± 2%), and HS34O (80% ± 2%) was higher than that of the group without treatment (NHSS [83% ± 3%], HS32S [71% ± 6%], and HS34S [63% ± 3%]). ZO treated with OP extract (NHSO [93% ± 3%], HS32O [85% ± 2%], and HS34O [80% ± 2%]) showed a higher GVBD rate than the group without treatment (NHSS [83% ± 3%], HS32S [71% ± 6%], and HS34S [63% ± 3%]).

Conclusion: It revealed that OP can enhance the oocyte diameter, survival rate, and GVBD rate of ZO under NHS and HS. Further investigation should be conducted to determine the effect of OP extract (C. sinensis) on in vivo conditions in females as an alternative treatment to face global warming.

Keywords: heat stress, orange peel extract, Zebrafish oocytes.
Fotografikus percepció és kogníció a generatív média korában
Authors: Dragon Zoltán
Published: August 2024

A fotográfia kompozíciós szabályrendszerét a festészettől örökölte, és a digitalizáció térnyerésével egyre prominensebbé váló számítástechnikai fotográfia percepció szempontjából nem hozott újdonságot, hiszen a klasszikus fotográfia esztétikai modelljét reprodukálja. Azonban a kortárs generatív mesterséges intelligencia már elmozdulást mutat a korábbi szabályszerűségektől. Ha a fotografikus kép maga kognitív struktúra (Sandström 2007), a kép jelentésének létrehozásában az interakció során az emberi megértés stratégiái folyamatosan visszacsatolásként, adattáplálékként értelmezhetőek a generatív rendszerek algoritmusai számára. Ennek következtében ezek a rendszerek elvileg egyre pontosabban képezik le nem pusztán a fotográfiai kép alapvető (vagy akár azon jóval túlmutató) jellegzetességeit, de azt is, hogy a néző pontosan mit lát meg, mit néz, mit keres egy képen.

Mindemellett azonban a generatív kép kísérteties marad a befogadó számára, ami abból a furcsa jelenségből ered, hogy a percepció során észlelt figyelemfelkeltő aspektus a kognitív, motoros válaszreakciók gyakorta felülírnak (lásd: Moshel et al. 2022). Tanulmányomban arra keresem a választ, hogy miként ragadható meg ez az elcsúszás vagy kisiklás a befogadó szempontjából, illetve milyen elméleti és kritikai keretben vizsgálható az, ahogyan a kognitív folyamatok felülírják a primér érzékletet.
Budesonide Orodispersible Tablet for the Treatment of Refractory Esophageal Lichen Planus
Authors: Skinner Thomas , Liang Sharron , Sanagapalli Santosh
Published: August 2024

Esophageal lichen planus is an uncommon but highly morbid condition where effective treatments are limited. Diagnosis may be challenging and requires a high degree of clinical suspicion considering endoscopic, histopathological, esophageal, and extraesophageal manifestations. We describe a severe case of esophageal lichen planus and recurrent esophageal stricture that was refractory to acid suppression, local and systemic steroid formulations, and dilatation. We present the first reported use of budesonide orodispersible tablet for this condition, including the excellent clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological response.
Obesity. Reasons, features and prospects
Authors: Bondareva E. A. , Troshina E. A.
Published: August 2024

Rapid changes in the morphological characteristics of the population, which began in the middle of the last century, are due to changes in the habitat. The “obesogenic” environment that is formed in urbanized spaces contributes to physical inactivity and a hypercaloric diet, and the processes of globalization contribute to obesity in the population in all countries of the world. From the obesity epidemic declared by WHO in 1988, humanity has moved to an obesity pandemic. The presented review analyzes global and Russian trends in the development of obesity. Data on the prevalence of latent obesity and diagnostic criteria for this condition are presented. An analysis of data on the dynamics of BMI in the world and in the Russian Federation was carried out. Various options for the topography of fat deposition and their relationship with comorbid diseases are considered. The structure of the subcutaneous fat depot in the abdominal area and the influence of the outer (superficial subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue, SSAT) and deep (deep subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue, DSAT) layers of subcutaneous fatty tissue in the abdominal area on the risks of developing diseases are discussed. The results of assessing the diagnostic value of the T/A substitution in the FTO gene (rs9939609) for predicting the proportion of fat mass and abdominal fat deposition in adults are presented.
Corrigendum: A Rare Case of Co-occurrence of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndrome and Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia. (Obesity and metabolism. 2024;21(1):79-84. doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/omet13015)
Authors: Bondarenko A. S. , Mamedova E. O. , Belaya Zh. E. , Melnichenko G. A.
Published: August 2024

A corrigendum on "A Rare Case of Co-occurrence of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndrome and Congenital Adrenal ­Hyperplasia" by Axenia S. Bondarenko, Elizaveta O. Mamedova, Zhanna E. Belaya, Galina A. Melnichenko (2024). Obesity and metabolism. 2024;21(1):79-84. DOI: 10.14341/omet13015.

On the page 82, the following text was added: "The presented case was first described in the dissertation of Kareva M.A. The author draws the readers' attention to the fact that the presence of CAH in the patient could lead to a delayed diagnosis of the second monogenic disease — MEN-1: episodes of indomitable vomiting in this case were considered as a manifestation of salt-wasting crises, but it cannot be excluded that they could be associated with the development of severe hypercalcaemia in the patient [30]".

A new source has been added in the reference list section under No. 30: «Kareva M.A. Vrozhdennaya disfunkciya kory nadpochechnikov u detej: epidemiologiya, geneticheskaya osnova, personalizirovannyj podhod k diagnostike i lecheniyu, monitoring somaticheskogo i reproduktivnogo zdorov’ya. [dissertation] Moscow; 2018. (In Russ)».
Evaluación y enseñanza de la Historia en Brasil: trayectorias
Authors: Moreira dos Santos Schmidt Maria Auxiliadora , Pereira Gusmão Leslie Luiza
Published: August 2024

Se presentan resultados parciales de una investigación documental sobre evaluación y enseñanza de la Historia, a partir de documentos que orientan la enseñanza de la Historia en Brasil, como documentos curriculares y manuales destinados a profesores. Para ello se llevó a cabo una investigación documental cualitativa en perspectiva histórica. Los resultados parciales indicaron que la evaluación en Historia se ha constituido a partir de concepciones basadas ​​en la adquisición de contenidos y competencias, sin tomar en cuenta la especificidad del conocimiento histórico, lo que indica la importancia de sistematizar categorías de evaluación en Historia que tengan en cuenta la formación y progresión del pensamiento propiamente histórico.
Cómo interpretar la perspectiva teórica de la Economía Social y Solidaria en el derrotero del pensamiento económico latinoamericano? Aportes para la enseñanza.
Authors: Arroyo Gastón
Published: August 2024

Este ensayo hace una reflexión sobre el campo de la Economía Social y Solidaria consolidada como una variante del pensamiento económico latinoamericano, heterogéneo y pluralista. Representa una de la síntesis crítica del pensamiento contemporáneo junto a la economía ecológica y la economía feminista y cuenta con los elementos necesarios para deconstruir e interpretar los procesos socioeconómicos históricamente constituidos en espacios y tiempos determinados. Es una perspectiva teórica en torno a lo micro y meso-socioeconómico con un fuerte carácter operativo en cuanto a su dimensión política. Esta corriente teórica y práctica democratiza los conceptos imbricados en territorios que dialogan y responden a lo que De Sousa Santos (2009) denomina ecología de saberes.
La irresistible ascensión de una palabra griega intraducible: lógos
Authors: Cordero Néstor Luis
Published: August 2024

El término lógos fue objeto de un crecimiento desmesurado desde que los filósofos descubrieron su riqueza, y sus múltiples transfiguraciones, lo cual impide traducirlo de una manera unívoca. Ya en Heráclito su significación es múltiple, y, un siglo después, Platón lo utiliza dos mil cuatrocientas ochenta y tres veces. Este crecimiento desmesurado se explica: tanto la expresión (escrita u oral) del pensamiento, que es el discurso, presente ya en Heráclito, como la relación entre nociones, que es el razonamiento, procedimiento introducido por Parménides, son los dos matices que monopolizará lógos a partir de Platón, surgidos naturalmente de su raíz (el discurso une palabras; el razonamiento, argumentos). Aristóteles hará del lógos, con el significado de “habla”, la esencia del ser humano, y finalmente, con el estoicismo, la irresistible ascensión de la noción culminará con su significado de razón.
non essere non è la differenza, ma l’apparenza
Authors: Palumbo Lidia
Published: August 2024

In questo saggio vorrei mostrare che Platone scrisse il Sofista per tematizzare una questione cruciale, che in tale dialogo è problematizzata per la prima volta: l’essere, la realtà delle cose, non si presenta a noi direttamente e chiaramente. Per comprendere la realtà delle cose, che sembra evidente e invece è sfuggente, è necessario inseguirla come una preda che si nasconde. Se è necessario cercare l’essere per catturarlo è perché spesso quel che cogliamo non è l’essere ma l’apparire. Il cuore del dialogo – la sezione sull’immagine – è la definizione dello statuto dell’apparenza. Il mio punto è che non è possibile spiegare la natura del non essere senza legare il discorso sul non essere al discorso sull’immagine. Nella sezione sull’immagine è presentata la natura contraddittoria dell’eidolon. Lo Straniero, che in questa sezione è il portavoce del sofista, gioca il ruolo dell’interrogante e conduce Teeteto ad ammettere che l’immagine non soltanto non è un ente, ma è il contrario dell’ente (Sph. 240b5-6). Quando, in Sph. 257b3-4, lo Straniero dice che “quando diciamo ‘non essere’ non diciamo qualcosa di contrario all’essere, ma soltanto di diverso da esso”, egli si riferisce – correggendolo – a ciò che il sofista ha detto nella sezione sull’immagine. Io credo che “ciò che è diverso dall’essere” sia precisamente l’apparire, il cui statuto aporetico è stato sottolineato nella sezione sull’immagine. La mia tesi è che il non essere è il phantasma, il darsi dell’essere alla percezione degli umani non direttamente, non chiaramente, non veramente, ma sotto una falsa sembianza.
segunda navegación del Extranjero de Elea
Authors: Forciniti Martín Sebastián
Published: August 2024

En este trabajo planteo que la “segunda navegación” que el Extranjero de Elea presenta en el diálogo platónico Político debe ser leída a la luz de las transformaciones que se produjeron en el funcionamiento de la democracia ateniense entre finales del siglo V y principios del siglo IV a. C., guiadas por la noción de pátrios politeía. Sostengo que si se toma en cuenta dicha perspectiva interpretativa, se evidencia que el Extranjero le concede al régimen democrático moderado que rige en Atenas a lo largo del siglo IV a. C. el rol de haber creado el principio político que él denominará “segunda navegación”, y que luego extenderá al resto de los regímenes que considerará imitaciones de la verdadera politeía. Asimismo, la lectura propuesta me permitirá establecer que el Extranjero de Elea justifica el juicio y la condena a muerte de Sócrates que llevó a cabo esa misma democracia.
El carácter refutatorio de la dialéctica en República
Authors: Spangenberg Pilar
Published: August 2024

El presente estudio examina la dialéctica en la República de Platón para exhibir que esta sigue teniendo fuertes puntos de contacto con aquella practicada en el período temprano, en particular a partir de la relevancia que conserva el élenchos como vía necesaria de acceso a la verdad. El carácter central que asume la refutación en República, se intentará demostrar, no sólo se sigue de los pasajes en que la dialéctica es caracterizada teóricamente, sino también del ejercicio que de ella se exhibe a lo largo del texto. En efecto, según propongo, el diálogo todo avanza a partir de sucesivos intentos de puesta a prueba y refutación de las posiciones defendidas por Sócrates, las cuales deben exhibir su temple y sostenerse indemnes frente a los embates a los cuales, con ánimo filosófico, son sometidas por sus interlocutores.
Purismo sin realizabilidad múltiple y las condiciones de definibilidad de la forma y los compuestos
Authors: Mié Fabián
Published: August 2024

Consideraré la sección introductoria de Metafísica Z 11 en su contexto inmediato (conclusión de Z 10) con el propósito de aclarar aspectos cruciales de la relación entre la forma y la materia, que inciden en la posterior discusión con la tesis sobre la definición del Joven Sócrates. Argumentaré que estos pasajes sostienen una posición purista en cuanto a la naturaleza de la forma, que puede comprenderse mejor rechazando la realizabilidad múltiple. Finalmente, sugeriré que todo esto permite explicar en aquella discusión las condiciones diferenciadas de definibilidad propias de las formas y los compuestos.
Kinesiotherapy in painful diabetic polyneuropathy
Authors: Mandra E. V. , Parfenov V. A. , Akhmedzhanova L. T. , Shulakova E. S. , Fadeev V. V. , Amosova M. V.
Published: August 2024

Objective: to evaluate the effect of kinesiotherapy on the intensity of neuropathic pain, physical activity and emotional state of patients with diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN).

   Material and methods. The study included 65 patients with a painful form of DPN who were randomly divided into two groups: the standard therapy (ST) group and the extended therapy (ET) group, in which three to four additional face-to-face sessions were conducted to create a 15-minute individualized exercise program. The type of neuropathic pain was assessed using the Neuropathy Total Symptom Score – 9 (NTSS-9). Pain intensity was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS), patients' emotional state was assessed using the Beck Depression Scale and the Spielberger Anxiety Scale (with an assessment of personal anxiety). The examination was carried out at baseline, and after 3 and 6 months. At baseline, patients in the ST and ET groups did not differ (p ≥ 0.05) in parameters such as pain intensity according to VAS (6.65 ± 1.93 and 6.07 ± 1.91 points respectively), neuropathic pain according to NTSS-9 (13.65 ± 4.54 and 11.79 ± 5.09 points respectively), physical activity according to IPAQ-SF (20.1 ± 10.0 and 18.8 ± 9.1 points), personal anxiety according to Spielberger scale (51.00 ± 6.10 and 47.33 ± 9.73 points), depression according to Beck scale (15.75 ± 7.77 and 14.67 ± 8.73 points).

   Results. After treatment, there was a more significant reduction in pain intensity according to VAS in the ET group than in the ST group – to 3.67 ± 2.55 and 6.10 ± 1.41 points respectively after 3 months (p < 0.05) and to 2.60 ± 1.45 and 5.80 ± 1.06 points respectively after 6 months (p < 0.001), reduction in neuropathic pain according to NTSS-9 scale to 4.88 ± 4.39 and 13.13 ± 2.96 points after 3 months (p < 0.001) and to 3.55 ± 2.52 and 13.08 ± 3.86 points after 6 months (p < 0.001), a decrease on the personal Spielberger Anxiety Scale to 42.33 ± 7.66 and 51.30 ± 7.22 points after 6 months (p = 0.01), a decrease on the Beck Depression Scale to 10.07 ± 9.31 and 16.70 ± 4.34 after 6 months (p < 0.05).

   Conclusion. Kinesiotherapy in complex therapy of DPN leads to a reduction in pain and an improvement in functional and emotional state of patients.
Functional dizziness: from diagnostic criteria to clinical profiles and therapy. Expert consensus
Authors: Zamergrad M. V. , Parfenov V. A. , Ostroumova O. D. , Guseva A. L. , Zaytseva O. V. , Sivolap Yu. P. , Kukes I. V. , Voronov V. A.
Published: August 2024

Functional dizziness (FD) is the most common form of chronic dizziness, accounting for up to 20% of all cases of chronic dizziness and is diagnosed in 40% of patients referred to specialized clinics. This article discusses the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and diagnostic features of FD. An overview of standard and new methods of drug therapy and methods of vestibular rehabilitation for patients with FD is provided. Experts conclude that FD, currently defined as persistent postural perceptual dizziness (PPPD), is the most common cause of chronic non-rotational dizziness. PPPD is thought to be multifactorial; central and peripheral vestibular disorders, anxiety disorders and traumatic brain injury are noted as possible precipitating causes. The diagnosis of PPPD is based on the presence of a feeling of unsteadiness or non-rotational dizziness occurring more than half of the days over a period of three months or longer, when other possible causes of dizziness have been ruled out. When managing a patient with PPPD, it is necessary to inform the patient about the nature of the disease, provide a patient with an education program and apply psychotherapy and vestibular rehabilitation methods. The use of buspirone prolonged-release tablets (Vespirate®) and vestibular rehabilitation in clinical practice is discussed.
Dizziness in elderly patients: discussion based on a clinical observation
Authors: Kosivtsova O. V. , Starchina Yu. A. , Urtenov K. A. , Belkina V. V.
Published: August 2024

In elderly patients, vestibular disorders are often associated with concomitant diseases and lead to falls and injuries. When treating elderly patients, it is necessary to determine an underlying cause of dizziness, and assess concomitant diseases, medications taken and their possible impact on the course of the underlying disease. In elderly patients, vascular dizziness is often misdiagnosed, while peripheral causes of dizziness are not identified, and effective treatment is not provided. Early recognition and prompt treatment of acute dizziness are important to reduce the incidence of residual dizziness, especially in elderly patients at risk of falling. In this article, we present a case of an elderly patient with acute vestibular dizziness due to benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) against a background of comorbid orthostatic hypotension. For a long time, the patient's vertigo was mistakenly recognized as a manifestation of cerebrovascular disease. The combination of peripheral vestibulopathy with orthostatic hypotension led to a fall and injury. Recognition and effective treatment of BPPV (Epley maneuver), elimination of hypotension by optimizing antihypertensive therapy and the use of Arlevert resulted in a sustained positive effect. The efficacy of Arlevret in elderly patients is discussed.
Malingering and functional movement disorder
Authors: Evdokimov K. M. , Fedotova E. Yu. , Illarioshkin S. N.
Published: August 2024

Functional movement disorders (FMD) are frequently encountered in the clinical practice of neurologists. Recently, the interest of specialists in FMD has increased. Based on neuroimaging, neurophysiological and neuropsychological studies, concepts of the pathophysiology of FMD have been proposed. A difficult issue is differentiation of FMD from factitious disorder and malingering. Diagnostic criteria for FMD, factitious disorder, and malingering are currently proposed, including in ICD-11, but they still contain many controversial provisions, the most important of which are discussed in this article.
Impact of environmental air pollution on respiratory health and function
Authors: Wallbanks Samuel , Griffiths Benjamin , Thomas Maximillian , Price Oliver J. , Sylvester Karl P.
Published: August 2024

Environmental air pollution presents a considerable risk to global respiratory health. If critical levels are exceeded, inhaled pollutants can lead to the development of respiratory dysfunction and provoke exacerbation in those with pre‐existing chronic respiratory disease. Over 90% of the global population currently reside in areas where environmental air pollution is considered excessive—with adverse effects ranging from acute airway irritation to complex immunomodulatory alterations. This narrative review provides an up‐to‐date perspective concerning the impact of environmental air pollution on respiratory health and function and describes the underpinning mechanisms that contribute to the development and progression of chronic respiratory disease.
Effect of seasonal variation on feeding and food preference of olive baboons (Papio anubis) in a protected Guinean savannah of West Africa
Authors: Oni Funmilayo L. , Assou Delagnon , Lameed Gbolagade A. , D’Cruze Neil , Kulik Lars , Luiselli Luca
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the effects of seasonal changes in vegetation productivity on olive baboon feeding behavior in a protected Guinea savannah (Kainji Lake National Park). Over two consecutive years (2017 and 2018), observations were conducted both during the wet and dry seasons using a scan sampling method. Results revealed that olive baboons consumed 34 plant species belonging to 20 families, with 28 species in the wet season and 12 in the dry season. A total of 922 feeding events were recorded in the wet season and 621 in the dry season, indicating significant seasonal variation. Fruits were the preferred food item, especially in the dry season, followed by animal matter, seeds, leaves, and subterranean food. Interestingly, baboons also consumed tree bark regardless of season. In addition, their consumption of fruits (in both seasons) and seeds (in the dry season) highlights their ecological role in seed dispersal and plant regeneration within the park. To sustain baboon (and all non-human primates) conservation efforts within the park, it’s important to maintain a high diversity and abundance of native fruit trees throughout the year. This study highlights the importance of understanding how seasonal changes in vegetation affect olive baboon feeding behavior for effective park management and biodiversity conservation.
Decision-Making with Predictions of Others’ Likely and Unlikely Choices in the Human Brain
Authors: Ma Ning , Harasawa Norihiro , Ueno Kenichi , Cheng Kang , Nakahara Hiroyuki
Published: August 2024

For better decisions in social interactions, humans often must understand the thinking of others and predict their actions. Since such predictions are uncertain, multiple predictions may be necessary for better decision-making. However, the neural processes and computations underlying such social decision-making remain unclear. We investigated this issue by developing a behavioral paradigm and performing functional magnetic resonance imaging and computational modeling. In our task, female and male participants were required to predict others’ choices in order to make their own value-based decisions, as the outcome depended on others’ choices. Results showed, to make choices, the participants mostly relied on a value difference (primary) generated from the case where others would make a likely choice, but sometimes they additionally used another value difference (secondary) from the opposite case where others make an unlikely choice. We found that the activations in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) correlated with the primary difference while the activations in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rdlPFC) correlated with the secondary difference. Analysis of neural coupling and temporal dynamics suggested a three-step processing network, beginning with the left amygdala signals for predictions of others’ choices. Modulated by these signals, the PCC and rdlPFC reflect the respective value differences for self-decisions. Finally, the medial prefrontal cortex integrated these decision signals for a final decision. Our findings elucidate the neural process of constructing value-based decisions by predicting others and illuminate their key variables with social modulations, providing insight into the differential functional roles of these brain regions in this process.
Investigating a Role for Model-Based Inquiry in an Undergraduate Introductory Biology Lab
Authors: Karen Kasey A. , Snyder Bruce A. , Adams Rich
Published: August 2024

Growing evidence has come to suggest that model-based inquiry can improve student learning outcomes and attitudes toward STEM in the biological sciences and beyond. In our introductory biology laboratory course that focuses on cellular and molecular biology, we introduced model-based inquiry (MBI) labs to create a more student-focused course that provides a robust opportunity for students to learn about the research process itself. Prior to the intervention, our laboratory course was designed as a set of traditional lab classes. From 2019 to 2022, we implemented three iterations of the MBI lab structure. In order to assess learning and changes in attitudes toward science, we implemented a pre-course and post-course test that assessed knowledge of experimental design and graph analysis as well as students’ attitudes toward science. Our data indicate that the modifications to the course maintained the level of learning gains seen in the traditional labs. One of the major challenges we encountered was the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic during 2020, in the middle of the data collection period, just after our first iteration of the MBI labs. Upon return to regular room capacity and teaching schedules, we continued with further iterations of the MBI lab approach, however, impacts of COVID-19 to student learning likely persisted (and may continue to persist in the coming years). Despite the challenges to student learning, we did not find evidence of a decrease in learning gains. While further data are needed to fully assess the impact of MBI, our results suggest that the MBI labs may hold promise as a resilient structure on which to build student learning. Interviews with students also showed that feelings were overwhelmingly positive about the labs and the teamwork, but there was added stress when lab activities did not go according to plan. Altogether, our findings suggest that MBI may support laboratory and critical thinking skills while promoting self-efficacy in undergraduate students.
Motivación y hábitos de lectura: una visión desde la teoría de Edwin Locke
Authors: Hernández Villamizar Yeny Viviana , Torres Durán Jarith Sofia
Published: August 2024

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la incidencia de la teoría de la motivación de Locke en los hábitos de lectura de los estudiantes de undécimo grado de la Institución José Rafael Faria Bermúdez de Pamplona, Norte de Santander, Colombia. Se tomó como marco de inteligibilidad la teoría de la motivación de Locke. La metodología se orientó a partir del enfoque cualitativo con un método de Investigación- Acción. Se emplearon como instrumentos: prueba inicial, entrevista, diario de campo y prueba final. Se observó que la carencia de hábitos lectores se produjo por experiencias negativas en lecturas impuestas y métodos pedagógicos. A partir de ello se implementó la propuesta pedagógica direccionada en motivar la autoeficacia en la lectura mediante el establecimiento de metas. Se obtuvo un proceso significativo que desarrolló una predisposición positiva en los estudiantes, creó espacios de discernimiento, fortaleció su hábito lector y autoconfianza mediante la motivación intrínseca.
Strategic Visions Fall 2017: Volume 17, No. I
Authors: Perinovic Eric
Published: August 2024

News from the Director
Update from Germany
Authors: Perinovic Eric
Published: August 2024

In this brief message to the CENFAD community, Eric Perinovic, the 2017-2018 Davis Fellow details his recent work and experiences as a Fulbright Scholar in Germany.
A Conversation with Marc Gallicchio
Authors: Fischer Michael
Published: August 2024

The 2018-2019 Davis Fellow Michael Fischer sat down with Professor of History Marc Gallicchio of Villanova University. Dr. Gallicchio, who earned his PhD at Temple University, is co-author of the 2017 book Implacable Foes: War in the Pacific, 1944-1945, along with his mentor, Waldo Heinrichs.
Book Review: Consuming Japan: Popular Culture and the Globalizing of 1980s America
Authors: Christian Taylor
Published: August 2024

Taylor Christian, a graduate student at Temple University, reviews Drew McKevitt's book, Consuming Japan: Popular Culture and the Globalizing of 1980s America.
The Action Plan, Or: How Reagan Convinced the American People to Love the Contras
Authors: Stern Joshua
Published: August 2024

In this section, Temple University Graduate Student Joshua Stern argues that that a document from the Office of Public Diplomacy titled Public Diplomacy Action Plan: Support for the White House Education Campaign served as the “primary organizational blueprint for one of the largest domestic propaganda campaigns of the 20th century.”
Note from the Davis Fellow
Authors: Fischer Michael
Published: August 2024

Note from Davis Fellow Michael Fischer
Interview with Erik Moore
Authors: Fischer Michael
Published: August 2024

Interview with Non-Resident Fellow Erik Moore.
Review of Armies of Sand
Authors: Fischer Michael , Kinney Brandon
Published: August 2024

Review of Kenneth M. Pollack's Armies of Sand by Brandon Kinney.
Interview with Dr. David B. Zierler
Authors: VanSise Casey
Published: August 2024

CENFAD community interview with Dr. David B. Zierler, Temple History PhD alumnus, former 2005-06 Thomas J. Davis Fellow, and current director of the Caltech Heritage Project, regarding oral history work, career highlights, and related matters
Niveles de enfermedad periodontal y su relación con valores de glucosa en perros
Authors: Tapia-Pesantez Daniela , Argudo-Garzón Daniel , Campos-Murillo Nathalie
Published: August 2024

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la relación entre los niveles de enfermedad periodontal y el valor de glucosa sanguínea en perros. Se estudiaron 50 perros pacientes de cinco clínicas veterinarias de la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador. Los perros fueron de raza pequeña, de 1-7 años de edad. Se registró el sexo y el tipo de alimentación (casera, mixta, balanceado). Se consideraron como variables el grado de enfermedad periodontal (sano o sin periodontitis, gingivitis, y leve, moderada y severa periodontitis) y tres niveles de glucosa sérica (hiperglucemia, normoglucemia e hipoglucemia). Se utilizó el test de Spearman para determinar la correlación de los niveles de periodontitis con los valores de glucosa en sangre, edad, sexo y tipo de alimentación. Además, se realizó un análisis de varianza para la comparación de medias de enfermedad periodontal y glucosa y un test de Bonferroni de comparaciones múltiples. Se obtuvo una correlación positiva (p<0.05) de enfermedad periodontal con edad (7 años) y sexo (macho), mas no con glucemia ni tipo de alimentación.
Evaluación mediante citometría de flujo de la integridad acrosomal de espermatozoides de alpaca en muestras frescas sin fijar (0 horas) y muestras fijadas en formaldehído (24 horas y 1 semana)
Authors: Delgado Ordinola Josselyn , Ruiz García Luis , Santiani Alexei
Published: August 2024

The aim of the study was to determine the acrosome integrity (AI) in alpaca epididymal spermatozoa, both fresh unfixed and fixed with 2% formaldehyde, using the flow cytometry technique with FITC-PSA as fluorochrome. Epididymal sperm were obtained from 26 testes and grouped into 0-hour, 24-hour and 1-week samples. The samples were incubated with FITC-PSA (concentration 2.5 µg/mL). The 24-hour and 1-week samples were kept refrigerated for the corresponding time. For evaluation, formaldehyde was removed by washing with PBS. Sperm without green fluorescence were considered to have an intact acrosome. The results showed that the AI percentages were 95.89 ± 4.35% (0 hours), 97.24 ± 3.36% (24 hours) and 97.21 ± 3.49% (1 week). Pearson correlation between unfixed samples with samples fixed for 24 hours and 1 week showed strong and positive correlations (r=0.86 and r=0.84, respectively). Graph analysis showed that most of the results were in line with the established limits. In conclusion, AI in fresh unfixed sperm (0 hours) is comparable to that of samples preserved for 24 hours and 1 week using formaldehyde.
Celomitis debida a distocia obstructiva por huevo en güio perdicero (Boa constrictor)
Authors: Parrado Godoy Karen Sofia , Cárdenas Velasco María Paula , Chacón García María Clara , Ochoa Amaya Julieta Esperanza , Cruz Ochoa Pablo Felipe , Jaramillo-Hernández Dumar Alexander
Published: August 2024

Se describe el caso clínico de una Boa constrictor, hembra, adulta, de baja condición corporal, deshidratada, con disecdisis, abultamiento en cloaca, y con evidente dolor a la palpación. Al examen clínico y toma de imágenes radiográficas se confirma la presencia de estructura ovalada radiopaca en el último tercio próximo a la cloaca. La paciente fue sometida a laparotomía exploratoria, donde se extrae una masa esferoide amarilla de aproximadamente 8x4 cm y de consistencia dura, de la cavidad celómica, y un fecaloma de 4x4 cm ubicado en el colon. La paciente muere a los 6 días de la cirugía. A la necropsia se reporta presencia de tres granulomas de 5x5, 3x2 y 2x1 cm entre los oviductos. En los hallazgos microscópicos se reportan estructuras parasitarias protozoarias compatibles con Cryptosporidium spp en el mesotelio, así como el folículo vitelogénico con varios focos de bacterias. El estudio histopatológico determinó celomitis severa relacionado a un proceso distócico obstructivo por huevo.
Incidence and severity of COVID-19 among HIV positive patients with existing co-morbidities
Authors: Lwembe Raphael Mwamtsi , Guni Joseph Newton , Muyeku Mary , Wekesa Lihana , Muriuki Joseph , Mwangi Joseph , Maiyo Alex , Chege Judy , Kinyua Joyceline , Olungae Dama , lel Rency , Lagat Nancy , Okoyo Collins , Maina Edward K , Ashimosi Khamadi
Published: August 2024

Background: The extent to which people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (PLWHA) are susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections and their risk of mortality is not well documented. PLWHA have a distinct profile because of their immune system alterations from chronic HIV infection and their use of antiretroviral therapy, some of which have been investigated for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The situation becomes even worse when the HIV patient has existing comorbidities. Methods: Confirmed disease was defined as any patient with a positive antigen test, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, or serology for SARS-CoV-2. We compared the characteristics of patients with mild disease (asymptomatic included) with those with moderate or severe disease (requiring admission). Results: Older participants were more likely to have comorbidities, with diabetes and hypertension being the most common. It also found that the severity of these comorbidities worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to an increase in vaccine uptake among those with pre-existing conditions. Additionally, some participants developed new comorbidities as a result of COVID-19, possibly due to weakened immune systems. Conclusion: Individuals with HIV face an increased risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection because of their weakened immune systems. Those with HIV/AIDS who also have comorbidities like diabetes and hypertension are at an even greater risk.
The Role of Al-Khalil Ibn Ahmad Al-Farahidi in Arabic Lexicography (Mu'jam Al-'Ain)
Authors: Wijaya Ahmad Ardiyanto , Karima Dewi Sofiyatul
Published: August 2024

The first dictionary in the world was a dictionary compiled by al-Khalil. Al-Khalil's thoughts as an Arabic linguist are outlined in the Book of al-'Ain as a manifestation of his intelligence and analytical sharpness, so that he is able to explain and innovate. The contents of the opening of the dictionary of al-'Ain explain the function of letters in word formation. Al-Khalil groups words based on their volume, from smallest to largest. The vocabulary of the Al-'Ain dictionary is also sorted based on its phonetic aspects (makharij al-huruf). Apart from that, there were also differences of opinion regarding the first compiler of this book, resulting in various contradictions. The reason this research was conducted was to find out and uncover the ins and outs of the composition of mu'jam al-'Ain. The method used in this research is qualitative which is carried out by reducing and simplifying the data and then presenting and narrating the conclusions to provide an explanation of the core of the research carried out by the researcher. The results of this analysis show that mu'jam al-'Ain written by the pioneer of mu'jam, namely al-Khalil al-Farahidi, groups words based on the number of letters, namely from tsuna'i, tsulatsi, ruba'i, and khumasi. Al-Khalil compiled the vocabulary by ordering it according to the makharij al-huruf that he explained in his opinion, then turning the entries upside down, because the hamzah letters are letters that come out of the larynx. Apart from that, in each vocabulary there are several explanations related to sharfiyah and nahwiyah.
Development of Mathematics Learning Strategy Modules to Enhance Motivation and Higher-Order Thinking Skills for Students at UIN Syahada Padangsidimpuan
Authors: Rangkuti Ahmad Nizar
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to develop a mathematics learning strategy module to enhance students' motivation and higher-order thinking skills using the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) framework within the Research and Development (R&D) paradigm. Conducted during the even semester of the 2022/2023 academic year, it involved fourth-semester students in the Mathematics Education Program at UIN Syahada Padangsidimpuan. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through interviews, observations, questionnaires, tests, and expert validation. Instruments included a module validation sheet, a learning motivation questionnaire, and a higher-order thinking skills test. Data were analyzed using the Paired Samples Test. Results showed the module was well-implemented, with validation scores of 87.86% and 86.01%, categorized as "good." The module effectively improved students' motivation and higher-order thinking skills, with pretest and posttest scores of 52.38 and 79.19 (motivation) and 72.81 and 79.75 (higher-order thinking skills), both with significant improvements (sig. 0.000 < 0.05). This research recommends further implementation and development of the module using the ADDIE framework for enhancing mathematics learning strategies.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan modul strategi pembelajaran matematika guna meningkatkan motivasi dan keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi siswa menggunakan kerangka ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) dalam paradigma Penelitian dan Pengembangan (R&D). Penelitian dilakukan pada semester genap tahun akademik 2022/2023 dengan melibatkan mahasiswa semester empat Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika di UIN Syahada Padangsidimpuan. Data kuantitatif dan kualitatif dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, kuesioner, tes, dan validasi ahli. Instrumen yang digunakan termasuk lembar validasi modul, kuesioner motivasi belajar, dan tes keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi. Data dianalisis menggunakan Uji Sampel Berpasangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modul diimplementasikan dengan baik, dengan skor validasi 87,86% dan 86,01% dalam kategori "baik". Modul ini efektif meningkatkan motivasi dan keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi siswa, dengan skor pretest dan posttest masing-masing 52,38 dan 79,19 (motivasi) serta 72,81 dan 79,75 (keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi), keduanya menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan (sig. 0.000 < 0.05). Penelitian ini merekomendasikan implementasi lebih lanjut dan pengembangan modul menggunakan kerangka ADDIE untuk meningkatkan strategi pembelajaran matematika.  How to Cite: Rangkuti, A.N. (2024). Development of Mathematics Learning Strategy Modules to Enhance Motivation and Higher-Order Thinking Skills for Students at UIN Syahada Padangsidimpuan. TARBIYA: Journal of Education in Muslim Society, 11(1), 13-26. doi:10.15408/tjems.v11i1.39358.
Visions of degeneracy
Authors: Ström Josefsen Niels-Martin , Burnett Scott
Published: August 2024

Previous research on discourses of gender, sexuality and race in role-playing games (RPGs) finds that they favour a white, heterosexual, cis-male perspective, (re)producing stereotypes that are misogynist, homophobic and racist. This article uses feminist critical discourse analysis to examine a game with a reputation for challenging conventions of the genre and the medium, the fantasy RPG Exalted (2001–). An analysis of 31 sourcebooks shows how many of the harmful discourses present in wider geek culture are interwoven with progressive ideas in the second edition of Exalted. Specifically, women’s roles are limited to those of virgin, (monstrous) mother or ‘prostitute’; sexual ‘deviance’ is pathologised; and a colonial geopolitics of race, sex and gender is reproduced. Given the importance of gaming culture to contemporary popular culture and politics, the study advocates for ethnographic engagement with actual gameplay to supplement feminist analysis of RPG sourcebooks.
Scoping review on socioemotional skills in the prevention of suicidal behavior among adolescents
Authors: Avanci Joviana Quintes , Gonçalves Aline Ferreira , Carvalho da Silva Filho Orli , Tavares Pedro Henrique , Assis Simone Gonçalves de
Published: August 2024

Abstract: Promoting socioemotional skills has been highlighted among the evidence to prevent suicidal behavior in childhood and adolescence. This review aimed to map and analyze national and international scientific papers on initiatives and programs for the prevention of suicidal behavior in adolescence based on the theoretical framework of socioemotional skills. It is a scoping review using the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Eleven academic bibliographic databases were analyzed, and searches were conducted on institutional websites related to suicide prevention and Google. Papers in Portuguese, Spanish, French, and English from 2010 to July 2022 were included in the review, which consisted of 97 studies, analyzed through data matrix and thematic grouping. The results show that most are international and focused on suicide, not on self-harm alone. In general, they have an informational and instructional bias for professionals, institutions, and governments, proposed laws, programs and action plans, studies on the role of socioemotional skills and intervention research. Few strategies have been clearly tested and validated. The key elements are the ability to perceive, recognize, understand, express, and regulate one’s own emotions, get motivated, and build empathy in relationships. Schools are key players in this process and the health system should act as a collaborative network. National and local prevention plans are required, emphasizing the role of schools, the health sector, and intersectoral coordination to promote health and quality of life.
Mapping potentially avoidable premature mortality in Mexico: subnational, sex, and age group trends
Authors: Prado Andrés Castañeda , Arroyo Iliana Yaschine , Salinas-Escudero Guillermo , Gutiérrez Juan Pablo
Published: August 2024

Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the trends and disparities in preventable or treatable mortality rates among different age groups, sexes, and states in Mexico from 2000 to 2019. Using national data from 2000 to 2019, we examined potentially avoidable premature mortality (PAPM) rates, disaggregated into preventable and treatable deaths. Trends over time were visualized using the average annual percent change (AAPC) derived from joinpoint analysis. Subnational analysis was conducted to identify state-specific trends for each sex and age group. The national PAPM rate decreased from 297 deaths per 100,000 in 2000 to 281 per 100,000 in 2019. Potentially preventable premature mortality (PPPM) rates were more pronounced than potentially treatable premature mortality (PTPM) rates, with 170 deaths per 100,000 and 111 per 100,000, respectively. Sex-based disparities were observed particularly in the working-age population. Our analysis at the state level revealed significant differences in trends, as certain regions experienced reductions while others rises. These disparities became more evident when examining the different aspects of PAPM, especially in terms of PTPM. Our study highlights the differences in PAPM rates across age groups, sexes, and states in Mexico. Despite a general downward trend, upward trends were observed in the male working-age group. There was also wide variation among states, highlighting the need to use PAPM in conjunction with other health metrics for a holistic health analysis.