bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Online-Ressourcen zu Sprunggelenkdistorsionen
Authors: Tengler Sophie Maria , Lenz Mark , Hofmann Gunther O. , Rosenthal Marianne , Roth Klaus E. , Mohr Lena , Waizy Hazibullah , Klos Kajetan
Published: January 2025

Hintergrund

Mit dem Internet als Hauptinformationsquelle für Gesundheitsinhalte ist die Qualität von Webseiten mit medizinischen Informationen von hoher Bedeutung.

Ziel der Arbeit

Diese Studie untersucht 250 Webseiten über die akute Sprunggelenkdistorsion (ASD) als eine der häufigsten Erkrankungen des Bewegungssystems auf ihre Qualität und Lesbarkeit. Anhand der Ergebnisse wurde ein eigener Ratgeber erstellt.

Methode

Mithilfe eines 25-Item-Scores sowie des EQIP36-Scores für medizinische Informationsmaterialien wurde die Qualität der Webseiten eingeschätzt. Das Leseniveau konnte anhand des Flesch-Kincaid-Index und der errechneten Lesbarkeit ermittelt werden. Die besten 3 Internetseiten wurden in einer Benutzerumfrage evaluiert.

Ergebnisse

Von 250 erfassten Webseiten konnten 77 in die Studie eingeschlossen werden. Die Qualität dieser variiert erheblich; keine erfüllte alle Anforderungen. Quellen des Gesundheitssystems zeigten eine höhere Qualität, während kommerziell betriebene Seiten eine unterdurchschnittliche inhaltliche Vollständigkeit aufwiesen. Lediglich 14 % der Webseiten erreichten das empfohlene Leseniveau. Es wurde ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen inhaltlicher Vollständigkeit und geringer Lesbarkeit festgestellt. Die Benutzerumfrage zeigt eine durchwachsene Zufriedenheit. Teilnehmer mit medizinischem Vorwissen waren kritischer als Laien.

Diskussion

Online-Ressourcen zur ASD sind suboptimal und weisen erhebliche Unterschiede auf. Es wurden Mängel in Bezug auf Inhalt, Lesbarkeit und Struktur identifiziert, die die effektive Nutzung durch Patienten einschränken. Herausgeber von Gesundheitsinformationen sollten verstärkt daran arbeiten, die Verständlichkeit und Qualität der bereitgestellten Informationen zu erhöhen.

Graphic abstract
In a visual inverted pendulum balancing task avoiding impending falls gets harder as we age
Authors: Park Hannah E. , Bakshi Avijit , Lackner James R. , DiZio Paul
Published: January 2025

Younger adults (YA) and older adults (OA) used a joystick to stabilize an unstable visual inverted pendulum (VIP) with a fundamental frequency (.27 Hz) of half that of bipedal human sway. Their task was to keep the VIP upright and to avoid ± 60° “fall” boundaries. Both age groups were tested with joystick gains and delays simulating age-related muscle strength and reflex slowing, respectively. In previous VIP and analogous self-balancing tasks, we observed a mixture of discrete corrective commands toward the balance point and destabilizing commands toward an impending fall. We hypothesized that (1) OA would fall more than YA, (2) traditional whole-trial stability and variability measures would differ across age groups and VIP conditions, and (3) different dynamics of corrective and destabilizing commands would discriminate falling from recovery. Results: (i) Traditional whole-trial performance metrics of fall incidence and the variance of position and velocity were worse in OA than YA and worse with longer delays and excessive joystick gains; (ii) OA made fewer corrective and more destabilizing commands than YA only when falling was imminent; (iii) when falls were imminent, a logistic model fit the percentage of inactive, corrective, and destabilizing commands as a function of time left to fall; and (iv) OA were like YA in switching between inaction and action, but exhibited less frequent and less prompt corrective commands than destabilizing commands relative to YA. We discuss whether such a decision-like process may also operate in a bipedal stance.
Speciation and diffusive dynamics in hydrated grain boundaries of complex oxide Gd2Ti2O7
Authors: B. Ghosh Dipta , B. Karki Bijaya , Wang Jianwei
Published: January 2025

Grain boundaries in polycrystalline materials significantly affect their properties, such as ionic transport, corrosion, and chemical durability. The pyrochlore compound (Gd2Ti2O7) is employed as a model for complex oxides and is known for its diverse applications, including nuclear waste immobilization. Density functional theory-based first-principles molecular dynamics simulations were performed at different temperatures on the hydrated grain boundary system. The results show extensive transformations within the grain boundaries among hydrous water species (OH−, H2O, and H3O+). The temperature dependence of self-diffusion coefficients follows Arrhenius behavior, with an activation energy of 35.9 kJ/mol for hydrogen and 46.3 kJ/mol for oxygen. The lifetime of OH− is about three to four times longer than that of H2O at temperatures from 800 to 2100 K, suggesting the greater stability of OH− over H2O, a unique characteristic of the grain boundaries. The estimated lifetime of the hydrous species decreases as the temperature increases, with an activation energy of 9.9 kJ/mol for OH− and 13.4 kJ/mol for H2O. While Gd3
+ is more mobile than Ti4+, both the Gd3
+ and Ti4+ cations are orders of magnitude less mobile than the water species. The results suggest that water species are much more mobile within grain boundaries than in the bulk crystal and have the potential to penetrate deep into polycrystalline materials through grain boundaries, leading to grain boundary degradation and dissolution. The different mobilities of cations in complex oxides can lead to leaching of certain cations and incongruent dissolution during the chemical weathering of Earth and industrial materials.
Transition-related outcomes among a cohort of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: De Nardi Laura , Pastore Serena , Benaly Hajar , Rispoli Francesco , Giovannini Ivan , Quartuccio Luca , De Vita Salvatore , Zabotti Alen , Tommasini Alberto , Taddio Andrea
Published: January 2025

A major goal in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) long-term management is to ensure a successful transition to adult age. This study aims to assess transition outcomes in a group of JIA patients during their passage from pediatric to adult healthcare assistance at a single center. This is a cross-sectional study. All patients with JIA undergoing a transition from the Pediatric Rheumatology Service of the IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo” Hospital, Trieste, to the adult Rheumatology Service of “Santa Maria della Misericordia” Hospital, Udine, between 2017 and 2022, were enrolled. Clinical and laboratory data were collected. A semi-structured survey exploring patients’ satisfaction was distributed through email. Numerical variables were compared using Student’s t-test or Mann–Whitney test. Categorical variables were compared with Fisher’s exact test. We recruited 36 patients (26 female, 72.2%): 9 with polyarticular course JIA, 13 oligoarticular, 8 psoriatic arthritis, 3 systemic JIA, and 3 enthesitis-related arthritis. The mean age at transition was 18.6 (Q1–Q3, 18.3–19.1). JADAS-27 score significantly decreased after the transition, with a mean difference of 2.6 (p = 0.014). No patients were lost to follow-up, and in 8 out of 36 (22.2%), a step-up therapy was needed within the first 12 months. Among these, no correlation was found with the JIA subtype, age at onset, type of involved joints, and other variables explored. Finally, the 15 patients who answered the survey (response rate 50%) were satisfied about the transition process. This study described a real-life transition experience from pediatric to adult rheumatology care, showing good transition outcome measures, with no patients lost to follow-up and a reduction of JADAS-27 score after completing the process.
Heterogeneity in definitions of surgical site infection after cranial surgery limits the validity of research findings in neurosurgery: a systematic review
Authors: Majidi Nika , Sivakumar Avanthika , Vogt Antonia , Ranganathan Sruthi , Ashkan Keyoumars , Price Stephen J. , Lee Keng Siang
Published: January 2025

Surgical site infections after cranial surgery (SSI-CRAN) are serious adverse events considering the vicinity of the wound to the central nervous system. Variability in outcome definitions can hinder the ability to produce reliable evidence. This systematic review aimed to investigate whether there is variation in SSI-CRAN definitions across studies and its impact on the identification of effective treatments for patients after cranial surgery. Systematic searches of Medline, Embase and Cochrane Central were undertaken. Studies that reported data about SSI-CRAN were included. Our final dataset consisted of 519 studies reporting SSI-CRAN. Subspecialties included were neuro-oncology (n = 103,19.8%), neurotrauma (n = 92,17.7%), paediatric neurosurgery (n = 56,10.8%), functional neurosurgery (n = 52,10.0%), neurovascular (n = 38,7.3%), skull base (n = 37,7.1%), cerebrospinal fluid dynamics (n = 11,2.1%), and general neurosurgical cases (n = 149,28.7%). A hundred and sixty-nine (32.6%) studies reported SSI-CRAN definitions. Twenty-six different indicators for SSI-CRAN were used, with a median of nine (range: one to 16) utilised per study. Only 21 (4.0%) studies considered the varying definitions of SSI-CRAN in their conclusions, indicating that a lack of consistent definitions across studies impacted the ability to draw clear conclusions. There are discrepancies in the definition of SSI-CRAN across the literature. This heterogeneity has hindered the ability to draw conclusions about the effects of interventions, with only 4.0% of authors accounting for this in their findings. It is important to be cautious when reviewing studies that report SSI-CRAN outcomes without acknowledging this heterogeneity, as the validity of their reported evidence may be limited. The implementation of a new core indicator set could support uniform reporting of indicators along with regulation of reported SSI-CRAN outcomes, thereby facilitating more effective evidence synthesis.
Calibration and optimal transport approaches for harmonizing survey weights
Authors: Tripet Arnaud , Tillé Yves
Published: January 2025

Originally, the construction of weighting systems to estimate parameters of interest in survey data does not depend on the variables of interest. However, recent research raises questions about the practice of using specific weighting systems for each variable of interest, thus deviating from the universal nature of the weights proposed by survey data processing methods. This article examines the challenge of harmonizing weights for variables with different weighting systems in survey data processing, by presenting and comparing two methods: one that creates a common weight for both variables using the calibration method, and one that uses optimal transport to match the variables. A simulation study is carried out to evaluate the performance of these methods in different sampling scenarios and with continuous and categorical variables. The results of the simulation study show that the optimal transport method for weight harmonization can provide accurate parameter estimates in different scenarios, particularly in situations where disparities between sample and population distributions are large. It therefore appears to be a more versatile solution.
Code generation for classical-quantum software systems modeled in UML
Authors: Jiménez-Navajas Luis , Pérez-Castillo Ricardo , Piattini Mario
Published: January 2025

Quantum computing is gaining an increasing interest since it can solve certain problems exponentially faster than classical computing. Thus, many organizations are researching and launching investments for integrating quantum software into their existing systems. Software modernization (as based on Model-Driven Engineering) has been proposed to migrate from/to the so-called hybrid software systems, which integrate classical and quantum software. In that process, both, reverse engineering and restructuring phases, have already been investigated. However, forward engineering phase for generating hybrid source code from high-level design models has not yet been addressed. Thus, this research proposes a quantum code generation technique from extended UML design models. It consists of a set of Model-to-Text transformations (defined through Epsilon Generation Language) to generate both Python and Qiskit code, which, respectively, integrate classical and quantum code. The transformation has been validated through a multi-case study with 7 hybrid software systems modeled in UML, which demonstrated that the transformation is effective and efficient. The implication of this work is that the software modernization process for hybrid software systems can be completed by tackling forward engineering phase, and that Model-Driven Engineering can therefore globally facilitate industry adoption of quantum software.
STViT+: improving self-supervised multi-camera depth estimation with spatial-temporal context and adversarial geometry regularization
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Zhao Haimei , Hao Xiaoshuai , Yuan Bo , Li Xiu
Published: January 2025

Multi-camera depth estimation has gained significant attention in autonomous driving due to its importance in perceiving complex environments. However, extending monocular self-supervised methods to multi-camera setups introduces unique challenges that existing techniques often fail to address. In this paper, we propose STViT+, a novel Transformer-based framework for self-supervised multi-camera depth estimation. Our key contributions include: 1) the Spatial-Temporal Transformer (STTrans), which integrates local spatial connectivity and global context to capture enriched spatial-temporal cross-view correlations, resulting in more accurate 3D geometry reconstruction; 2) the Spatial-Temporal Photometric Consistency Correction (STPCC) strategy that mitigates the impact of varying illumination, ensuring brightness consistency across frames during photometric loss calculation; 3) the Adversarial Geometry Regularization (AGR) module, which employs Generative Adversarial Networks to impose spatial constraints by using unpaired depth maps, enhancing performance under adverse conditions such as rain and nighttime driving. Extensive evaluations on large-scale autonomous driving datasets, including Nuscenes and DDAD, confirm that STViT+ sets a new benchmark for multi-camera depth estimation.
Virtual reality and augmented reality-supported K-12 STEM learning: trends, advantages and challenges
Authors: Jiang Haozhe , Zhu Deqi , Chugh Ritesh , Turnbull Darren , Jin Wu
Published: January 2025

As virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) continue to become popular, there remains a noticeable gap in understanding their potential for enriching science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) learning among K-12 students. To address this knowledge gap, this study systematically reviewed 117 articles published from 2010 to 2022 on the basis of the technology-based learning model. Following the PRISMA systematic review method, research methods, research participants, learning devices, learning strategies, advantages and challenges of each article were coded and analyzed. In the last six years (i.e., 2017–2022), the overall number of studies experienced rapid growth. The largest number of articles focused on VR/AR-supported K-12 science learning, followed by mathematics and integrated STEM learning. Smartphone/tablet-based AR was the most widely used technology, while very few studies used dedicated immersive AR devices. Most studies focused on the elementary school stage, while VR/AR-supported STEM learning at senior high schools was underexplored. Studies tended to measure the effectiveness of VR/AR by quantitative methods. Situated learning, task-based learning, and game-based learning were the most widely used learning strategies in VR/AR-supported K-12 STEM learning. The advantages of VR/AR in K-12 STEM learning include a positive impact on individual learners and on learning and teaching processes. In contrast, VR/AR also poses a series of challenges to learners, teachers, and schools. The challenges learners face include distractions, decreased efficiency and effectiveness, diminished inquiry and imagination, operational issues, and discomfort. Teachers encounter difficulties maintaining classroom control, designing activities, acquiring technical competence, and adapting to the new role of facilitating student-centered learning. Schools grapple with high costs, inadequate infrastructure, a lack of private virtual spaces, and privacy concerns. Based on our findings, we propose six research agendas to enrich studies on VR/AR-supported K-12 STEM learning, along with a series of significant implications for practitioners to effectively address the intricate challenges of VR/AR implementation and fully harness its potential.
On the Effectiveness of Aerosol Extinguishing Agents for Battery Vent Gases and Hydrogen
Authors: Subash Arman Ahamed , Nilsson Elna J. K. , Runefors Marcus
Published: January 2025

It is well known that Lithium-ion batteries in thermal runaway can emit gases with high hydrogen concentrations which, in case of delayed ignition, can cause a gas explosion. Aerosol suppression agents are sometimes used to suppress fires and/or prevent ignition of released gases in such situations. The agent has been studied for suppression of fires (diffusion flames), but less is known about the ability of such aerosols to inert highly reactive gas mixtures. In this paper, a commercially available aerosol suppression agent is mixed with a highly reactive gas mixture representing the gas composition from an NCA battery in thermal runaway as well as with pure hydrogen, and the effect on burning velocity is assessed based on OH-PLIF measurements on a Bunsen-burner type setup. The experiments were complemented by 1D flame simulations using a detailed chemical kinetics scheme including relevant combustible gases and the suppression agent. The results show that, although the agent is highly effective in gaseous form, evaporation of aerosols in the pre-flame-zone is prevented by the lower radiative fraction and results in higher burning velocity of hydrogen-rich mixtures. The local cooling induced by the evaporation of the aerosol in the flame leads to an increased flame area and thereby total burning velocity. This effect is further exaggerated by the preferential diffusion of hydrogen. Therefore, modification of the system is needed before applying for this purpose.
Equine-Facilitated Psychotherapy as a Supplementary Treatment for Patients with Mental and/or Substance Use Disorders: An Observational Study on Treatment Outcome
Authors: Thorpe Christina , Steigen Anne Mari , Nissen-Lie Helene Amundsen , Godtlund Solveig , Walderhaug Espen
Published: January 2025

This study examines whether adult patients (n = 105) with mental and/or substance use disorders benefit from equine-facilitated psychotherapy (EFP)—therapy with horses—in addition to regular treatment. The study used an observational pre-post-study design with two measurement points. Treatment outcomes were measured using standardized self-report instruments reflecting psychological distress (Hopkins Symptom Checklist-10), self-efficacy (General Self-Efficacy Scale-5), quality of life (Quality of Life-5), and emotion regulation (sub-scale from the Severity Indices of Personality Problems-118). All outcome measurements found statistically significant pre-post improvements after the EFP treatment program. The findings suggest that EFP could be a beneficial supplementary treatment for a broad range of patients with mental and/or substance use disorders. However, this observational study cannot establish causation or eliminate confounding variables.
Green Assessment of Sensitive Spectrofluorimetric Methods for Simultaneous Estimation of Formoterol Fumarate and Fluticasone Propionate Using a Micelle-Mediated Approach
Authors: Adawy Hamees A. , Hegazy Maha A. , Saad Samah S. , Boltia Shereen A.
Published: January 2025

Highly sensitive spectrofluorimetric methods were developed for the quantitative estimation of formoterol fumarate dihydrate (FFD) and fluticasone propionate (FP) in both authentic raw materials and marketed dosage forms using a micellar-enhanced spectrofluorimetric approach. The proposed methods are based on the determination of FP in the presence of FFD using the first derivative emission spectrofluorimetry. The peak amplitude of the emission spectra of the formed micellar fluorescence was measured at 465 nm after excitation at 236 nm (λ max of FP).The second method quantifies FFD in the presence of FP using second derivative emission spectrofluorimetry. This method measures the peak amplitude of the emission spectra of the formed micelle at 283 nm, where there is no interference from FP, following excitation at 214 nm. In these methods, the emission spectra of the target drugs are measured after micellar formation, with excitation wavelengths at 214 nm for FFD and 236 nm for FP. The fluorescence intensity was enhanced using β-cyclodextrin as a micellar system after optimizing parameters affecting native fluorescence, such as diluting solvents, surfactants, and varying concentrations of β-cyclodextrin. A linear relationship was observed between the fluorescence intensity and concentration for FP over the range of 50–100 ng/mL and for FFD over the range of 30–700 ng/mL. The developed methods are simple, sensitive, non-extractive, economical, and suitable for routine analysis of FFD and FP in their raw materials and combined marketed dosage forms. The proposed techniques were carefully validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, and specificity according to the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines, demonstrating high sensitivity with lower limits of detection and quantitation. Additionally, the analytical greenness of the suggested procedures was assessed using the Analytical Greenness Metric Approach (AGREE), the Red–Green–Blue model, and the Green Procedure Analytical Index (GAPI).
Inglorious sufferers: Motivational factors and moral foundations shape compassionate and helping reactions toward suffering norm transgressors
Authors: Lucarini Alice , Fuochi Giulia , DeSteno David , Boin Jessica , Voci Alberto
Published: January 2025

While previous research shows that people's reactions to others' suffering can vary, it remains unclear how these responses differ for targets who have previously transgressed, and which factors drive these changes. In two studies (total N = 899), this paper experimentally investigates how compassionate and helping reactions toward a suffering transgressor change depending upon: (a) the target’s motivation (altruistic vs egoistic vs control) for the transgression (Study 1); (b) the nature of the transgression in terms of moral foundation (Care vs Fairness) of the disrespected (vs respected) norm (Study 2). Study 1 supported the role of motivational factors: transgressing for altruistic purposes increased compassionate emotions toward the suffering target, compared to when the target’s motivation was egoistic or when no explanation for the target’s actions was provided. Study 2 showed that the Fairness (vs Care) norm, generated more extreme reactions: more negative when a target person violated the norm, more positive when they behaved in line with the norm. Additionally, in both studies, we also found evidence of a moderating effect of dispositional compassion, while analyses performed in a subsample of Study 2 including additional measures also shed light on the mediating cognitive and affective mechanisms of the effect of the kind of norm transgressed on compassionate and helping reactions. Overall, this paper delves into the intricate dynamic underlying individuals’ responses to the suffering of negatively behaving others, providing insights on how and why people react differently to norm violations.
Bioleaching of lanthanum from nickel metal hydride dry battery using siderophores produced by Pseudomonas sp.
Authors: Hegazy Amany S. , Soliman Hoda M. , Mowafy Amr M. , Mohamedin Attiya H.
Published: January 2025

There is still much to be learned about the properties of siderophores and their applications. This study was designed to characterize and optimize the production of the siderophore produced by a marine bacterium Pseudomonas sp. strain ASA235 and then evaluate their use in bioleaching of rare earth elements (REEs) from spent Nickel–metal hydride (NiMH) batteries. The results of both Tetrazolium and Arnowʼs tests indicated that the test organism produces a mixed-type siderophore of pyoverdine family, a result that was confirmed by FT-IR and MALDI-TOFF analyses. Optimization of pH, temperature, incubation period, and iron concentration for siderophore production led to a noticeable shift from 44.5% up to 91% siderophore unit when the test bacterium was incubated at 28 °C and pH 7 after 72 h in the absence of iron. The purified siderophore showed the ability to bleach about 14.8% of lanthanum from the anode of the NiMH battery along with other elements, although in lower amounts. This data put siderophores in distinct focus for further prospective studies intending the bioleaching of such precious elements. The scaling up of this process and optimization would make a big difference in such a green bioleaching strategy, allowing us to recover such precious elements in an environmentally friendly way.
Torsional Performance of Vat-Photopolymerized Tough Resin: Influence of Gauge Length and UV Post-Curing
Authors: Sadaghian H. , Khalilzadehtabrizi S. , Khodadoost S. , Yeon J.H.
Published: January 2025

Background

A myriad of materials, ranging from soft sensors to bone substitutes, undergo torsional loading throughout their operational lifespan. Many of these materials are produced using additive manufacturing (AM) technology due to its broad applicability. Understanding the torsional behavior of these AM components is crucial prior to their utilization. However, research on the torsional behavior of solid additively-manufactured resin polymers remains very limited.

Objective

To address the gap in understanding the torsional behavior of additively-manufactured resin polymers, this study aimed to investigate the effect of varying gage lengths and UV post-curing durations on the torsional capacity, shear modulus, and energy absorption characteristics of these materials.

Methods

Torsion specimens were fabricated using vat photopolymerization (VPP) with AnyCubic UV Tough Resin. The specimens were prepared with different gage lengths (20, 40, 60, and 80 mm) and were subjected to five UV post-curing durations (0, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min). Monotonic torsion was applied to the specimens until failure at a rate of 0.1 revolutions per minute.

Results

The tests revealed ductile failure patterns across all specimens. Longer post-curing times were found to correlate with increased torsional capacities and shear moduli. However, conclusions regarding energy absorption per unit volume remained inconclusive. The results showed that UV exposure had a significantly greater impact on the mechanical properties of the specimens compared to the gage length. Additionally, a normalized trilinear model was proposed to characterize the behavior of additively-manufactured resin polymers under monotonic torsion, which facilitates numerical simulation of material responses in finite element software.
The Renaissance of Reproductive Science: Leonardo da Vinci’s Anatomical Contributions
Authors: Carroll Michael
Published: January 2025

Leonardo de Vinci is considered one of the greatest artists that has ever lived. His work includes the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper are celebrated worldwide. His talents expand beyond his art and his contributions to disciplines such as engineering, astronomy, geometry, botany, geology have revealed is him as a polymath. One discipline where he devoted a considerable amount of time and effort was anatomy. His anatomical notes and drawings can be paralleled to texts books of today. This review explores Leonardo da Vinci’s significant contributions to the study of human anatomy, with a particular focus on reproductive anatomy. Leonardo’s meticulous dissections and detailed anatomical sketches, despite being influenced by the limited scientific understanding and constraints of his time, reveal his deep curiosity and innovative approach. His work, though not widely recognised during his lifetime, laid foundational insights into neuroanatomy, the cardiovascular system, and foetal development. He had a particular interest in reproduction and the genitourinary anatomy and made many anatomical studies in this area. The review also examines the challenges Leonardo faced, such as the lack of preservation techniques and the influence of Galenic teachings, which led to both groundbreaking observations and notable inaccuracies in his anatomical studies or the reproductive system.
Primärversorgung im interprofessionellen Team
Authors: Filmar Tobias , Kloppe Thomas , Schuster Angela , Spreckelsen Ove
Published: January 2025

Hintergrund

Gemeinwesensorientierte Primärversorgungszentren (PVZ) sollen miteinander verschränkte gesundheitliche und soziale Problemlagen in der Primärversorgung adressieren. Die Poliklinik Veddel befindet sich in einem der ärmsten Stadtteile Hamburgs und bietet eine teambasierte interprofessionelle Primärversorgung an. Vor allem in Deutschland gibt es nur wenige Erfahrungen mit solchen Zentren. Daher soll die tatsächlich erbrachte interprofessionelle Versorgung anhand von Daten aus der Routineversorgung untersucht werden.

Fragestellung

Wie viele Nutzer*innen wurden interprofessionell versorgt? Wie häufig arbeiteten die verschiedenen Berufsgruppen zusammen? Was waren die häufigsten Gründe für interprofessionelle Konsultationen?

Material und Methoden

Es wurde eine Routinedatenanalyse aller interprofessionell betreuten Fälle der Jahre 2020 und 2021 nach Häufigkeit der Themen, Dauer der interprofessionellen Sitzungen und beteiligten Fachbereiche durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse

Es erhielten 98 (2020) bzw. 181 (2021) Nutzer*innen eine interprofessionelle Versorgung (bei etwa 2500–3000 Patienten pro Quartal in der hausärztlichen Praxis). Am häufigsten versorgte die hausärztliche Praxis gemeinsam mit der psychologischen Beratung, gefolgt von der Sozialberatung. Inhaltlich waren psychische Krisen, aufenthaltsrechtliche Fragen, Probleme mit der Wohnsituation oder komplexere Versorgungskoordinationen am häufigsten.

Diskussion

Die Studie deutet darauf hin, dass eine interprofessionelle, teambasierte Versorgung die Verflechtung von psychosozialen und medizinischen Versorgungsbedürfnissen wirksam adressieren kann. Interprofessionelle PVZ wie die Poliklinik Veddel könnten einen wertvollen Beitrag zur Weiterentwicklung der Primärversorgung in Deutschland leisten.
Alfvén waves at low magnetic Reynolds number: transitions between diffusion, dispersive Alfvén waves and nonlinear propagation
Authors: Lalloz Samy , Davoust Laurent , Debray François , Pothérat Alban
Published: January 2025

We seek the conditions in which Alfvén waves (AW) can be produced in laboratory-scale liquid metal experiments, i.e. at low magnetic Reynolds Number (

$Rm$

). Alfvén waves are incompressible waves propagating along magnetic fields typically found in geophysical and astrophysical systems. Despite the high values of

$Rm$

in these flows, AW can undergo high dissipation in thin regions, for example in the solar corona where anomalous heating occurs (Davila, Astrophys. J., vol. 317, 1987, p. 514; Singh & Subramanian, Sol. Phys., vol. 243, 2007, pp. 163–169). Understanding how AW dissipate energy and studying their nonlinear regime in controlled laboratory conditions may thus offer a convenient alternative to observations to understand these mechanisms at a fundamental level. Until now, however, only linear waves have been experimentally produced in liquid metals because of the large magnetic dissipation they undergo when

$Rm\ll 1$

and the conditions of their existence at low

$Rm$

are not understood. To address these questions, we force AW with an alternating electric current in a liquid metal in a transverse magnetic field. We provide the first mathematical derivation of a wave-bearing extension of the usual low-

$Rm$

magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) approximation to identify two linear regimes: the purely diffusive regime exists when

$N_{\omega }$

, the ratio of the oscillation period to the time scale of diffusive two-dimensionalisation by the Lorentz force, is small; the propagative regime is governed by the ratio of the forcing period to the AW propagation time scale, which we call the Jameson number

$Ja$

after (Jameson, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 19, issue 4, 1964, pp. 513–527). In this regime, AW are dissipative and dispersive as they propagate more slowly where transverse velocity gradients are higher. Both regimes are recovered in the FlowCube experiment (Pothérat & Klein, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 761, 2014, pp. 168–205), in excellent agreement with the model up to

$Ja \lesssim 0.85$

but near the

$Ja=1$

resonance, high amplitude waves become clearly nonlinear. Hence, in electrically driving AW, we identified the purely diffusive MHD regime, the regime where linear, dispersive AW propagate, and the regime of nonlinear propagation.
Stability of an elongated thickness fluctuation in a horizontal soap film
Authors: Cantat Isabelle , Trégouët Corentin
Published: January 2025

Even though liquid foams are ubiquitous in everyday life and industrial processes, their ageing and eventual destruction remain a puzzling problem. Soap films are known to drain through marginal regeneration, which depends upon periodic patterns of film thickness along the rim of the film. The origin of these patterns in horizontal films (i.e. neglecting gravity) still resists theoretical modelling. In this work, we theoretically address the case of a flat horizontal film with a thickness perturbation, either positive (a bump) or negative (a groove), which is initially invariant under translation along one direction. This pattern relaxes towards a flat film by capillarity. By performing a linear stability analysis on this evolving pattern, we demonstrate that the invariance is spontaneously broken, causing the elongated thickness perturbation pattern to destabilise into a necklace of circular spots. The unstable and stable modes are derived analytically in well-defined limits, and the full evolution of the thickness profile is characterised. The original destabilisation process we identify may be relevant to explain the appearance of the marginal regeneration patterns near a meniscus and thus shed new light on soap-film drainage.
Local knowledges and the right to participate in science
Authors: Massimi Michela
Published: January 2025

I discuss the right to participate in science, which is part of the UN Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and the International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights (1966). Building on my previous work on this right as an ‘epistemic-cultural’ right, in this paper my goal is to clarify how fulfilling this right requires engaging with varieties of local knowledges that are too often severed in scientific narratives. I tease out three main varieties of local knowledges and highlight their distinctive features and their intersectionalities. In the second part of the paper, I argue that a more careful appreciation of varieties of local knowledges is not only key for the fulfilment of the right to participate in science but also for other human rights. I focus my attention here selectively on the right to food, and right to clean water. I conclude by highlighting the implications of this discussion for ongoing legal debates on rights of nature.
“Hi, I'm Ruan Yuejiao, from Ho Chi Minh City!”: Digital raciolinguistic enregisterment and indexical hijack of the Vietnamese Mandarin accent
Authors: Wan Tsung-Lun Alan
Published: January 2025

This study adopts a raciolinguistic perspective to examine the portrayal and reception of Ruan Yuejiao, a Vietnamese female spouse character created by a Taiwanese male content creator. As a representative of the Taiwanese majority, this content creator utilizes linguistic features to perform a racialized Vietnamese accent and embody a Vietnamese spouse persona, which they believe counters racial stereotypes. This article introduces the concept of indexical hijack to describe how the racial majority imposes new indexical meanings on these mediatized linguistic features, disregarding the perspectives of the Vietnamese community. By highlighting a raciolinguistic listening mode embedded within Taiwan's multicultural discourse, this study reveals how anti-racist actions initiated by the Vietnamese community are reinterpreted by the Taiwanese majority as racist, reflecting the complexities of post-racial multiculturalism in East Asia. (Raciolinguistics, Taiwan, Vietnamese migrants, digital enregisterment, indexicality)*
Environmental correlates of breeding outcomes in Endangered Grey Crowned Cranes Balearica regulorum in agricultural areas of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Demmer Carmen R. , Demmer Stuart , McIntyre Trevor
Published: January 2025

Birds are often used as ecological indicators because they are widely distributed across diverse habitats and display distinct behavioural responses to environmental changes. The Endangered Grey Crowned Crane Balearica regulorum is regarded as a flagship species of Africa’s wetland and grassland habitats, both of which are undergoing substantial transformation to alternative land uses. The delayed reproductive strategies and habitat specialisation of this crane species makes them more vulnerable to extinction, but this risk is further compounded by data paucity. We employed traditional and contemporary survey methods to collect breeding metrics to calculate stage transition probabilities (i.e. egg–hatchling, hatchling–juvenile) and to identify possible macro-environmental factors that either promote or hinder their reproductive output in a key agricultural area in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. We found that Grey Crowned Cranes have a low hatching rate of 38.4% (95% confidence interval 29.3–48.4%) and show that this low hatching rate is exacerbated under high rainfall intensity. Multivariate analyses and multi-model inference revealed that successful nest-sites were generally associated with larger open water-bodies, greater distances from shore, and increased proximity to secondary roads, buildings, and natural grasslands. Although increased agricultural activities might promote greater foraging opportunities, the overall breeding outcomes of this species were poor in this key agricultural region. Our findings stress the urgent need for further fine-scale data collection and monitoring activities to better inform conservation strategies for this species. We also encourage future studies to focus on aspects affecting Grey Crowned Crane breeding in regions where proximity to human activities is inevitable.
Rapid Sampling and Polarimetric Statistics of Lightning With a Phased Array Radar
Authors: Goede Vitor , Schvartzman David , Bodine David , Chmielewski Vanna C. , Yu Tian‐You , Bruning Eric , Tzeng Min‐Duan , Stock Michael
Published: January 2025

Previous studies of lightning detection by radar mostly consisted of observations with reflector‐antenna systems yielding slow volume scan times. Phased array radars offer much faster scan times that are likely to capture echoes from propagating lightning channels. Rapidly updated range‐height indicator scans were used to observe severe storms that occurred in central Oklahoma with the fully digital S‐band Horus PAR to examine echoes from lightning plasma. Numerous lightning echoes were observed during the sampling period in good spatial and temporal agreement with lightning mapping array detections of very high frequency radiation sources. Statistically, they result in increased horizontal reflectivity factor, deviations in radial velocity and spectrum width, highly variable differential reflectivity and differential phase, and decreases in correlation coefficient. Results presented also highlight the capability of phased array radars to better observe lightning compared to current radars, and aid in the study of storm electrification and lightning physics.
Oncogenic potential of truncated-Gli3 via the Gsk3β/Gli3/AR-V7 axis in castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Kaushal Jyoti B. , Raut Pratima , Halder Sushanta , Alsafwani Zahraa W. , Parte Seema , Sharma Gunjan , Abdullah K. M. , Seshacharyulu Parthasarathy , Lele Subodh M. , Batra Surinder K. , Siddiqui Jawed A.
Published: January 2025

The functional activation of the androgen receptor (AR) and its interplay with the aberrant Hh/Gli cascade are pivotal in the progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and resistance to AR-targeted therapies. Our study unveiled a novel role of the truncated form of Gli (t-Gli3) in advancing CRPC. Investigation into Gli3 regulation revealed a Smo-independent mechanism for its activation. Despite lacking a transactivation domain, t-Gli3 relies on androgen receptor variant 7 (AR-V7) for its action. Mechanistically, Gsk3β activation led to the t-Gli3 generation, and inhibition of Gsk3β supported the accumulation of full-length Gli3 expression through a non-canonical mechanism. Knockdown of Gsk3β (Gsk3β KD) reduces CRPC cell proliferation, induces apoptosis via mitochondrial fragmentation, and triggers metabolomic reprogramming. The in vivo studies with Gsk3β KD cells in the mouse prostate resulted in tumor growth retardation compared to scramble cells. RNA-seq HALLMARK Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) analysis of Gsk3β KD revealed a positive enrichment of apoptosis, tumor suppressor gene, and negative enrichment of oncogenic pathway. Furthermore, combinational use of a Gsk3β inhibitor with anti-Smo or Gli1 significantly inhibited the CRPC cell growth, which is resistant to individual Smo or Gli1 inhibitor targeting. Intriguingly, solely targeting Gli3 showed effectiveness in inhibiting CRPC cell growth. Overall, our study underscores the clinical significance of Gli3, emphasizing t-Gli3, and provides novel insights into the interplay of the Gsk3β/t-Gli3/AR-V7 axis in CRPC.
Safety and efficacy of trifluridine/tipiracil +/− bevacizumab plus XB2001 (anti-IL-1α antibody): a single-center phase 1 trial
Authors: Thibaudin Marion , Roussot Nicolas , Burlot Chloé , Schmitt Antonin , Vincent Julie , Tharin Zoé , Bengrine Leila , Bellio Hélène , Bertaut Aurélie , Hampe Léa , Daumoine Susy , Rederstorff Emilie , Peroz Morgane , Huppe Titouan , Derangère Valentin , Rageot David , Simard John , Truntzer Caroline , Fumet Jean David , Ghiringhelli Francois
Published: January 2025

In the tumour microenvironment, IL-1α promotes neoangiogenesis, matrix remodelling, tumour proliferation, chemoresistance, and metastases. Highly expressed in human colorectal cancers, IL-1α is associated with poor prognosis. XB2001, a fully human monoclonal antibody neutralizing IL-1α, was evaluated for safety and preliminary efficacy with trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) and bevacizumab in metastatic colorectal cancer patients previously treated with oxaliplatin- and irinotecan-based chemotherapies. This single institution, phase 1 study used a 3 + 3 design to assess XB2001 at doses of 250 mg, 500 mg and 1000 mg every 14 days, associated with FTD/TPI 35 mg/m² (days 1–5 and 8-12, every 28 days) (NCT05201352). The Maximum Tolerated Dose of XB2001 + FTD/TPI was then associated in combination with bevacizumab (5 mg/kg, days 1 and 15). Safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics were assessed. Seventeen patients (median age: 67.4 years) were enroled. No patient exhibited dose-limiting toxicity at any dose. The most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAE) of any grade (G) were diarrhoea (35.3%), nausea (47.1%) and anaemia (35.3%). G3-4 TRAE were neutropenia (17.6%) hypertension and infection (5.9% each). The RP2D (recommended phase 2 dose) of XB2001 was 1000 mg. The disease control rate was 76%, with 23% of patients achieving an objective response, including one complete response. Response and longer progression-free survival were associated with a decrease in serum IL-6 levels during therapy. High intratumoral IL-1α expression at baseline and CD8/PD-L1 infiltration are associated with a better progression-free survival. The combination of XB2001 with FTD/TPI and bevacizumab is feasible and safe, and showed encouraging clinical activity in chemotherapy-resistant mCRC.
Real‐world effectiveness and safety of oral azvudine versus nirmatrelvir‒ritonavir (Paxlovid) in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a multicenter, retrospective, cohort study
Authors: Wang Haiyu , Cui Guangying , Cheng Ming , Aji Tuerganaili , Li Guotao , Hu Xinjun , Li Guangming , Zhang Shixi , Zhang Yanyang , Diao Linqi , Li Pan , Wang Ling , Yuan Yiqiang , Qian Guowu , Zhang Ruiqing , Jin Xiaoli , Wang Juan , Luo Hong , Zhang Donghua , Wang Mingming , Li Silin , Song Zhan , Yang Mengzhao , Su Guanyue , Sun Ranran , Chang Junbiao , Yu Zujiang , Ren Zhigang
Published: January 2025

Azvudine and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (Paxlovid) were widely used to treat patients with COVID-19 in China during the Omicron wave. However, the efficacy and safety of azvudine versus Paxlovid are poorly established. This study included 40,876 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 from eleven hospitals in Henan and Xinjiang Provinces, China. Clinical outcomes were compared between the two drugs via Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox regression models. Additionally, in vitro and in vivo experiments were used to evaluate the antitumor effects and safety of both drugs. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed to elucidate the tumor immune landscape after azvudine treatment. After propensity score matching, 2404 azvudine and 1202 Paxlovid recipients from Henan Province were included. Cox regression revealed that azvudine was related to an 18% lower risk of all-cause death than Paxlovid (95% CI: 0.676–0.987), was not obviously different in composite disease progression. The robustness of the findings was verified by the Xinjiang cohort and three sensitivity analyses. Fewer adverse events were observed in the azvudine group. Subgroup analysis revealed that azvudine provided greater benefits for patients with malignant tumors, significantly reducing both all-cause death (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.20−0.54) and composite disease progression (HR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.33−0.88). Furthermore, azvudine can suppress the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by regulating CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells in vivo. These findings suggest that azvudine therapy is not inferior to Paxlovid in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and has fewer adverse effects. Notably, azvudine may offer greater clinical benefit for patients with HCC.
Targeting EGFR-binding protein SLC7A11 enhancing antitumor immunity of T cells via inducing MHC-I antigen presentation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Wang Haihua , Fan Songqing , Zhan Yuting , Xu Yue , Du Yao , Luo Jiadi , Zang Hongjing , Peng Shuping , Wang Weiyuan
Published: January 2025

Approximately 80% of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients exhibit EGFR overexpression. The overexpression of EGFR has been linked to its potential role in modulating major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules. We discovered that EGFR, operating in a kinase-independent manner, played a role in stabilizing the expression of SLC7A11, which subsequently inhibited MHC-I antigen presentation. This mechanism, in turn, provided protection to NPC cells against T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The underlying molecular processes revealed that the high and stable expression of SLC7A11 hindered the nuclear entry of GR, thereby suppressing TAP1 transcription and the presentation of MHC-I molecules. Additionally, elevated SLC7A11 expression led to an increase in FAF2 expression and triggered ERAD-dependent degradation of MHC-I, resulting in a reduction of MHC-I molecules on the cell membrane. The NPC patients exhibiting high EGFR and low MHC-I expression, combined with a scarcity of CD8+ T cells (EGFRhighMHC-IlowCD8few phenotype), experienced considerably shorter overall survival times compared to other situations. What is more, our study demonstrated that sorafenib had the capability to enhance the MHC-I antigen presentation process, thereby facilitating T cell-mediated killing of NPC cells via targeting SLC7A11. Consequently, targeting SLC7A11 with sorafenib emerges as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NPC.