bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Privacy-Preserving Biometric Authentication: Challenges and Directions
Authors: Pagnin Elena , Mitrokotsa Aikaterini
Published: October 2017

An emerging direction for authenticating people is the adoption of biometric authentication systems. Biometric credentials are becoming increasingly popular as a means of authenticating people due to the wide range of advantages that they provide with respect to classical authentication methods (e.g., password-based authentication). The most characteristic feature of this authentication method is the naturally strong bond between a user and her biometric credentials. This very same advantageous property, however, raises serious security and privacy concerns in case the biometric trait gets compromised. In this article, we present the most challenging issues that need to be taken into consideration when designing secure and privacy-preserving biometric authentication protocols. More precisely, we describe the main threats against privacy-preserving biometric authentication systems and give directions on possible countermeasures in order to design secure and privacy-preserving biometric authentication protocols.
Proinflammatory Cytokines Are Soluble Mediators Linked with Ventricular Arrhythmias and Contractile Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Fernández-Sada Evaristo , Torres-Quintanilla Alejandro , Silva-Platas Christian , García Noemí , Willis B. Cicero , Rodríguez-Rodríguez César , De la Peña Erasmo , Bernal-Ramírez Judith , Treviño-Saldaña Niria , Oropeza-Almazán Yuriana , Castillo Elena C. , Elizondo-Montemayor Leticia , Carvajal Karla , García-Rivas Gerardo
Published: October 2017

Metabolic syndrome (MS) increases cardiovascular risk and is associated with cardiac dysfunction and arrhythmias, although the precise mechanisms are still under study. Chronic inflammation in MS has emerged as a possible cause of adverse cardiac events. Male Wistar rats fed with 30% sucrose in drinking water and standard chow for 25–27 weeks were compared to a control group. The MS group showed increased weight, visceral fat, blood pressure, and serum triglycerides. The most important increases in serum cytokines included IL‐1β (7‐fold), TNF‐α (84%), IL‐6 (41%), and leptin (2‐fold), the latter also showing increased gene expression in heart tissue (35‐fold). Heart function ex vivo in MS group showed a decreased mechanical performance response to isoproterenol challenge (ISO). Importantly, MS hearts under ISO showed nearly twofold the incidence of ventricular fibrillation. Healthy rat cardiomyocytes exposed to MS group serum displayed impaired contractile function and Ca2+ handling during ISO treatment, showing slightly decreased cell shortening and Ca2+ transient amplitude (23%), slower cytosolic calcium removal (17%), and more frequent spontaneous Ca2+ release events (7.5‐fold). As spontaneous Ca2+ releases provide a substrate for ventricular arrhythmias, our study highlights the possible role of serum proinflammatory mediators in the development of arrhythmic events during MS.
Mechanical Properties of Epoxy and Its Carbon Fiber Composites Modified by Nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Fang , Deng Shiqiang , Zhang Jianing
Published: October 2017

Compressive properties are commonly weak parts in structural application of fiber composites. Matrix modification may provide an effective way to improve compressive performance of the composites. In this work, the compressive property of epoxies (usually as matrices of fiber composites) modified by different types of nanoparticles was firstly investigated for the following study on the compressive property of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Carbon fiber/epoxy composites were fabricated by vacuum assisted resin infusion molding (VARIM) technique using stitched unidirectional carbon fabrics, with the matrices modified with nanosilica, halloysite, and liquid rubber. Testing results showed that the effect of different particle contents on the compressive property of fiber/epoxy composites was more obvious than that in epoxies. Both the compressive and flexural results showed that rigid nanoparticles (nanosilica and halloysite) have evident strengthening effects on the compression and flexural responses of the carbon fiber composite laminates fabricated from fabrics.
Development of the Arabic Voice Pathology Database and Its Evaluation by Using Speech Features and Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Mesallam Tamer A. , Farahat Mohamed , Malki Khalid H. , Alsulaiman Mansour , Ali Zulfiqar , Al-nasheri Ahmed , Muhammad Ghulam
Published: October 2017

A voice disorder database is an essential element in doing research on automatic voice disorder detection and classification. Ethnicity affects the voice characteristics of a person, and so it is necessary to develop a database by collecting the voice samples of the targeted ethnic group. This will enhance the chances of arriving at a global solution for the accurate and reliable diagnosis of voice disorders by understanding the characteristics of a local group. Motivated by such idea, an Arabic voice pathology database (AVPD) is designed and developed in this study by recording three vowels, running speech, and isolated words. For each recorded samples, the perceptual severity is also provided which is a unique aspect of the AVPD. During the development of the AVPD, the shortcomings of different voice disorder databases were identified so that they could be avoided in the AVPD. In addition, the AVPD is evaluated by using six different types of speech features and four types of machine learning algorithms. The results of detection and classification of voice disorders obtained with the sustained vowel and the running speech are also compared with the results of an English-language disorder database, the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary (MEEI) database.
A Gain-Scheduling PI Control Based on Neural Networks
Authors: Tronci Stefania , Baratti Roberto
Published: October 2017

This paper presents a gain-scheduling design technique that relies upon neural models to approximate plant behaviour. The controller design is based on generic model control (GMC) formalisms and linearization of the neural model of the process. As a result, a PI controller action is obtained, where the gain depends on the state of the system and is adapted instantaneously on-line. The algorithm is tested on a nonisothermal continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), considering both single-input single-output (SISO) and multi-input multi-output (MIMO) control problems. Simulation results show that the proposed controller provides satisfactory performance during set-point changes and disturbance rejection.
18F-FDG Pet-Guided External Beam Radiotherapy in Iodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Pilot Study
Authors: Farina Eleonora , Monari Fabio , Castellucci Paolo , Romani Fabrizio , Repaci Andrea , Farina Arianna , Rambaldi Giuseppe Zanirato , Frezza Giovanni , Mazzarotto Renzo , Cammelli Silvia , Tagliaferri Luca , Autorino Rosa , Deodato Francesco , Macchia Gabriella , Cilla Savino , Valentini Vincenzo , Fanti Stefano , Morganti Alessio G.
Published: October 2017

Introduction. To evaluate the clinical response rate after a postoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT guided external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in Iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer. Material and Methods. Patients with thyroid cancer locally recurrent after total thyroidectomy plus metabolic radiotherapy and treated with radical EBRT were included. Inclusion criteria were detectable thyroglobulin (Tg), negative postmetabolic radiotherapy whole body scintigraphy, and no surgical indications. The pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT resulted positive in all cases (loggia, lymph nodes, and lung). EBRT was delivered with IMRT-SIB technique. A 18F-FDG PET/CT revaluation and Tg dosage were performed 3 months after the treatment. Results. Sixteen consecutive patients were included in this analysis (median follow-up: 6–44 months). Post-EBRT 18F-FDG PET/CT showed CR in 43.7%, PR in 31.2%, SD in 25.0% patients, and PD due to lung metastases in 12.5%. Overall response rate was 75.0% (CI 95%: 41.4–93.3%). Tg levels decreased in 75.0% with a median Δ of 68.0%. Two-year PFS and OS rates were 80.0% and 93.0%, respectively. Acute G3 toxicity occurred in 18.7% and late G2 toxicity in 12.5%. Conclusions.  18F-FDG PET/CT was useful in target definition for radiotherapy planning, identifying positive areas not detected with 131I scintigraphy. IMRT based EBRT was feasible and our results encourage future prospective studies. This clinical trial is registered with ID: NCT03191643.
ABO, Rhesus, and Kell Antigens, Alleles, and Haplotypes in West Bengal, India
Authors: Basu Debapriya , Datta Suvro Sankha , Montemayor Celina , Bhattacharya Prasun , Mukherjee Krishnendu , Flegel Willy A.
Published: October 2017

Background: Few studies have documented the blood group antigens in the population of eastern India. Frequencies of some common alleles and haplotypes were unknown. We describe phenotype, allele, and haplotype frequencies in the state of West Bengal, India. Methods: We tested 1,528 blood donors at the Medical College Hospital, Kolkata. The common antigens of the ABO, Rhesus, and Kell blood group systems were determined by standard serologic methods in tubes. Allele and haplotype frequencies were calculated with an iterative method that yielded maximum-likelihood estimates under the assumption of a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Results: The prevalence of ABO antigens were B (34%), O (32%), A (25%), and AB (9%) with ABO allele frequencies for O = 0.567, A = 0.189, and B = 0.244. The D antigen (RH1) was observed in 96.6% of the blood donors with RH haplotype frequencies, such as for CDe = 0.688809, cde = 0.16983 and CdE = 0.000654. The K antigen (K1) was observed in 12 donors (0.79%) with KEL allele frequencies for K = 0.004 and k = 0.996. Conclusions: For the Bengali population living in the south of West Bengal, we established the frequencies of the major clinically relevant antigens in the ABO, Rhesus, and Kell blood group systems and derived estimates for the underlying ABO and KEL alleles and RH haplotypes. Such blood donor screening will improve the availability of compatible red cell units for transfusion. Our approach using widely available routine methods can readily be applied in other regions, where the sufficient supply of blood typed for the Rh and K antigens is lacking.
Evaluation of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy and Axillary Lymph Node Dissection for Breast Cancer Treatment Concepts - a Retrospective Study of 1,214 Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Stein Roland G. , Fricker Roland , Rink Thomas , Fitz Hartmut , Blasius Sebastian , Diessner Joachim , Häusler Sebastian F.M. , Stüber Tanja N. , Andreas Victoria , Wöckel Achim , Müller Thomas
Published: October 2017

Background: Most breast cancer patients require lumpectomy with axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) or axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). The ACOSOG Z0011-trial failed to detect significant effects of ALND on disease-free and overall survival among patients with limited sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastases. Intense dose-dense chemotherapy and supraclavicular fossa radiation (SFR) are indicated for patients with extensive axillary metastases. In this multicentered study, we investigated the relevance of ALND after positive SLNB to determine adequate adjuvant therapy. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 1,214 patients with clinically nodal negative T1-T2 invasive breast cancer undergoing surgery at Hanau City Hospital Breast cancer center. Results: 681 patients underwent ALND after SLNB. 20 patients (8.5%) from the group with 1 or 2 SLN metastases (n = 236) showed more than 3 lymph node metastases after ALND. 13 patients (31.7%) from the group with more than 2 SLN metastases (n = 41) were diagnosed with a minimum of 4 axillary lymph node metastases after ALND. Conclusions: In 8.5% of the patients with 1 or 2 SLN metastases, ALND detected more than 3 macrometastases, setting the indication for intense dose-dense chemotherapy and SFR. More than 2 SLN metastases, T stage and grading predict lymph node metastases.
A Real-Life Analysis of Reproductive Outcome after Fertility Preservation in Female Cancer Patients
Authors: Hulsbosch Sofie , Koskas Martin , Tomassetti Carla , De Sutter Petra , Wildiers Hans , Neven Patrick , D'Hooghe Thomas , Amant Frederic
Published: October 2017

Background: Fertility preservation before or during cancer treatment in young women has become an important health issue because of delayed motherhood and improved survival rates. This study evaluates the necessity and the efficacy of fertility preservation, with a focus on actual pregnancy wish and outcome after fertility preservation and cancer treatment. Patients and Methods: All consecutive patients who received fertility preservation in 2 university referral centers before or during cancer treatment were included. After a minimal follow-up of 3 years, pregnancy wish, pregnancy attempts and fertility outcome were assessed during a dedicated consultation or during a telephone interview. Results: A total of 159 patients received fertility preservation including hormonal protection with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (n = 93, 58.5%), ovarian tissue cryopreservation (n = 44, 27.7%), and combined hormonal protection and ovarian tissue cryopreservation (n = 22, 13.8%). Among the 91 (57.2%) patients in remission after a mean follow-up of 61.5 months, 29 (31.9%) women actively attempted pregnancy. Patients who had received ovarian cryopreservation were more likely to attempt pregnancy (18/66) than those who only received hormonal protection (11/93, p = 0.02). Out of the 29 women who attempted pregnancy, 16 (55.2%) became pregnant, and most of them conceived spontaneously (87.5%, 14/16). Out of the 13 women who did not become pregnant, 1 patient adopted a child and 12 patients still wanted to become pregnant, including 1 patient who underwent a transplantation of her cryopreserved ovarian tissue without success. Conclusion: In one of the first studies reporting real-life experience in centers for fertility preservation, we found that, within 5 years following the end of cancer treatment, only one third of patients in remission attempted to become pregnant, with a pregnancy rate of 55%, mostly after spontaneous conception.
Atypical Fibroxanthoma of the Bulbar Conjunctiva: A Unique Case Describing the Pathology, Clinical Presentation, and Management
Authors: Kuiper Justin , Shah Ankit , Kuennen Rebecca , Schoenfield Lynn
Published: October 2017

Background/Aims: Atypical fibroxanthoma is an uncommon tumor that usually occurs in the skin of the head and neck of the elderly with significant sun exposure. We describe a unique case featuring a rare ocular surface conjunctival tumor (atypical fibroxanthoma) and provide insight on its characteristic clinical features, surgical management, and histology. Methods: A 71-year-old male fisherman with no pertinent ocular history presented to an academic center with a rapidly enlarging bulbar conjunctival mass in the right perilimbal region for the past several months. The patient underwent surgical excisional biopsy with cryotherapy, adjuvant alcohol, and amniotic membrane transplantation. Results: Pathology specimen illustrated an atypical spindle cell tumor with inflammatory cells, increased mitotic activity, cytologic atypia, and positive diffuse staining with CD163 and CD10 consistent with an atypical fibroxanthoma. Conclusion: Atypical fibroxanthoma is an extremely rare ocular surface tumor that may simulate conjunctival or ocular surface squamous neoplasia. While this lesion typically pursues a benign clinical course, it may recur or rarely metastasize. Thus it should be treated aggressively with excisional biopsy, cryotherapy, absolute alcohol, and/or amniotic membrane transplantation.
Discrepancies between Perceived and Measured Cognition in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Implications for Clinical Management
Authors: Gupta Aditi , Thomas Tashra S. , Klein Jeffrey A. , Montgomery Robert N. , Mahnken Jonathan D. , Johnson David K. , Drew David A. , Sarnak Mark J. , Burns Jeffrey M.
Published: October 2017

Background: Cognitive impairment is common in kidney transplant (KT) recipients and affects quality of life, graft survival, morbidity, and mortality. Failure to identify patients with cognitive impairment can withhold appropriate and timely intervention. This study determines whether measured cognition with standard screening tools offers any advantage over perceived cognition in screening transplant patients for cognitive impairment. Methods: Cognition was assessed in 157 KT recipients using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA; measured cognition). In addition, transplant physicians and nurse coordinators were asked to rate transplant recipients' level of cognition after routine clinical interactions (perceived cognition). Physicians and nurses were blind to MoCA scores. Perceived cognition scores were compared to MoCA scores. Results: Perceived cognition scores fairly correlated with MOCA scores (γ = 0.24, p = 0.001 for physicians and γ = 0.33, p < 0.0001 for nurses). Physician scores moderately correlated with nurses scores (κ = 0.44, p < 0.0001). Clinical perception had a low accuracy for identifying patients with cognitive impairment (sensitivity 66% for physicians, 65% for nurses), and those without cognitive impairment (specificity 67% for physicians, 76% for nurses). Conclusion: Clinical perception is inaccurate at detecting cognitive impairment in KT recipients. Objective tests should be considered to screen KT recipients for cognitive impairment.
Gut Microbiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Other Chronic Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Bernstein Charles N. , Forbes Jessica D.
Published: October 2017

Background: Since the description of the normal human gut microbiome in healthy individuals using broad-range polymerase chain reaction, there has been great advancement in the techniques used to conduct microbiome research and applications of this research across health, gastrointestinal diseases, and nongastrointestinal diseases. Summary and Key Messages: In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), studies have reported gut dysbiosis meaning that the microbial composition, diversity, and richness are altered. Persons with IBD harbor on average 25% fewer microbial genes than healthy persons. Reduced diversity has been reported in both the fecal and mucosal microbiome of IBD. Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis are systemic diseases with immunological alterations in both intestinal and circulating compartments. As knowledge about the impact of the gut microbiome on the intestinal and systemic immune response has grown, researchers have begun exploring how the gut microbiome may impact on other systemic conditions. Considering the role of microbes especially on regulatory T cells, it was plausible that the gut microbiome may have a role in other chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. In this review, studies of the gut microbiome in other chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases are discussed including how the information can inform our understanding of the gut microbiome in IBD.
New Diagnostic Criteria of Polycystic Ovarian Morphology for Adolescents: Impact on Prevalence and Hormonal Profile
Authors: Merino Paulina M. , Villarroel Claudio , Jesam Cristián , López Patricia , Codner Ethel
Published: October 2017

Background: The ultrasonographic criteria used to identify polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) during adolescence have changed over time. Recently, a Worldwide Pediatric Consensus (PedC) defined PCOM using stricter criteria than the previous recommendations of the Rotterdam Consensus (RC) and Androgen Excess-Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Society (AES/PCOS) criteria. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of PCOM in healthy adolescents according to the 3 reported diagnostic criteria and compare the hormonal profile in females with and without PCOM based on the PedC criteria. Methods: Nonobese adolescents (n = 102) with regular menstrual cycles were studied. Transabdominal ultrasound and hormonal profiles were assessed during the follicular phase. PCOM was defined on the basis of the 3 published criteria. Results: On the basis of the PedC, RC, and AES/PCOS criteria, PCOM was diagnosed in 13, 34, and 24% of adolescents, respectively. Adolescents with and without PCOM according to the PedC criteria had similar androgen levels. Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels were elevated in adolescents with PCOM, irrespective of the criteria used. Conclusions: Use of the new PedC diagnostic criteria for PCOM results in a lower prevalence of this ultrasonographic pattern in adolescents, but this condition is not associated with hyperandrogenism. Elevated AMH is associated with PCOM in adolescents regardless of the criteria used to determine the ultrasonographic pattern.
Urine Ammonium, Metabolic Acidosis and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Pourafshar Negiin , Pourafshar Shirin , Soleimani Manoocher
Published: October 2017

The metabolism of a typical Western diet generates 50–100 mEq of acid (H+) per day, which must be excreted in the urine for the systemic acid-base to remain in balance. The 2 major mechanisms that are responsible for the renal elimination of daily acid under normal conditions are ammonium (NH4+) excretion and titratable acidity. In the presence of systemic acidosis, ammonium excretion is intensified and becomes the crucial mechanism for the elimination of acid. The impairment in NH4+ excretion is therefore associated with reduced acid excretion, which causes excess accumulation of acid in the body and consequently results in metabolic acidosis. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with the impairment in acid excretion and precipitation of metabolic acidosis, which has an adverse effect on the progression of CKD. Recent studies suggest that the progressive decline in renal ammonium excretion in CKD is an important determinant of the ensuing systemic metabolic acidosis and is an independent factor for predicting the worsening of kidney function. While these studies have been primarily performed in hypertensive individuals with CKD, a closer look at renal NH4+ excretion in non-hypertensive individuals with CKD is warranted to ascertain its role in the progression of kidney disease.
Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Induces Depolarization of Pacemaker Potentials Through M2 and M3 Muscarinic Receptors in Cultured Murine Small Intestine Interstitial Cells of Cajal
Authors: Kim Hyun Jung , Han Taewon , Kim Yun Tai , So Insuk , Kim Byung Joo
Published: October 2017

Background: Magnolia officinalis Rehder and EH Wilson (M. officinalis) are traditional Chinese medicines widely used for gastrointestinal (GI) tract motility disorder in Asian countries. We investigated the effects of an ethanol extract of M. officinalis (MOE) on the pacemaker potentials of cultured interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) in vitro and its effects on GI motor functions in vivo. Methods: We isolated ICCs from small intestines, and the whole-cell patch-clamp configuration was used to record the pacemaker potentials in cultured ICCs in vitro. Both gastric emptying (GE) and intestinal transit rates (ITRs) were investigated in normal and GI motility dysfunction (GMD) mice models in vivo. Results: MOE depolarized ICC pacemaker potentials dose-dependently. Pretreatment with methoctramine (a muscarinic M2 receptor antagonist) and 4-DAMP (a muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist) inhibited the effects of MOE on the pacemaker potential relative to treatment with MOE alone. In addition, MOE depolarized pacemaker potentials after pretreatment with Y25130 (a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist), GR113808 (a 5-HT4 receptor antagonist) or SB269970 (a 5-HT7 receptor antagonist). However, pretreatment with RS39604 (a 5-HT4 receptor antagonist) blocked MOE-induced pacemaker potential depolarizations. Intracellular GDPβS inhibited MOE-induced pacemaker potential depolarization, as did pretreatment with Ca2+ free solution or thapsigargin. In normal mice, the GE and ITR values were significantly and dose-dependently increased by MOE. In loperamide-and cisplatin-induced GE delay models, MOE administration reversed the GE deficits. The ITRs of the GMD mice were significantly reduced relative to those of normal mice, which were significantly and dose-dependently reversed by MOE. Conclusion: These results suggest that MOE dose-dependently depolarizes ICCs pacemaker potentials through M2 and M3 receptors via internal and external Ca2+ regulation through G protein pathways in vitro. Moreover, MOE increased GE and ITRs in vivo in normal and GMD mouse models. Taken together, the results of this study show that MOE have the potential for development as a gastroprokinetic agent in GI motility function.
Inhibition of PTEN Activity Aggravates Post Renal Fibrosis in Mice with Ischemia Reperfusion-Induced Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Zhou Jun , Zhong Jiying  , Lin Sen  , Huang Zhenxing , Chen Hongtao , Tang Simin , Yang Chengxiang , Fan Youling
Published: October 2017

Background: Renal fibrosis is a common pathophysiological feature of chronic kidney disease. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as an independent causal factor of chronic kidney disease, with a pathological representation of post renal fibrosis. However, the etiopathogenesis underlying post renal fibrosis induced by AKI is not completely understood. Methods: BALB/c mice were treated with bpv or vehicle controls and were, respectively, the ischemia reperfusion (IR) model group and control group. All of the animals had blood taken from the orbital venous plexus at 24 hours after IR. Six mice in each group were randomly chosen and euthanized 7 days after IR treatment, and the remaining six mice in each group were euthanized 14 days after IR treatment. We examined the effect on post kidney fibrosis of inhibiting PTEN activity in mice in an IR induced AKI experimental model. Results: Compared with vehicle mice, bpv-(PTEN specific inhibitor) treated mice accumulated more bone marrow-derived fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in the kidneys. Inhibition of PTEN activity increased the expression of α-smooth muscle actin and extracellular matrix proteins and post kidney fibrosis. Furthermore, inhibition of PTEN activity resulted in more inflammatory cytokines in the kidneys of mice subjected to IR-induced renal fibrosis. Moreover, inhibition of PTEN activity up-regulated PI3K protein expression and Akt phosphorylation. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that PTEN played an important role in post renal fibrosis in mice with ischemia reperfusion-induced AKI. These results indicated that the PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway may serve as a novel therapeutic target for AKI-induced chronic kidney disease.
Iridoids with Genipin Stem Nucleus Inhibit Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress by Blocking the NF-κB Pathway in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Zuo Tao , Zhu Minghui , Xu Wenming , Wang Zhixia , Song Hang
Published: October 2017

Background/Aims: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women, and it is usually characterized by chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and altered microRNA expression. The aim of this study is to investigate how the effects of iridoids with genipin stem nucleus inhibit PCOS complications. The interactions between iridoids were investigated, as well. Methods: The chronic inflammation cell model was induced using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the RAW 264.7 and KGN cell lines. Levels of mRNA and protein expression were quantified using real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis, respectively. The target of the iridoids was identified using the drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) method. The ability to scavenge free radicals was evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging method and the ultra oxygen anion (O2-) radical scavenging method. Results: The cells recovered from the inflammatory conditions and showed significantly decreased levels of interleukins after treatment with iridoids. The iridoids were demonstrated to target NF-κB, inhibit the phosphorylation and degradation of IκB, inhibit the nuclear entry of NF-κB, and inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors. Though only genipin showed an efficient ability to scavenge O2-, the iridoids, IκB inhibitor (BAY 11-7085), and NF-κB inhibitor (PDTC) could inhibit LPS-induced oxidative stress on the cells, indicating that the iridoids exert their anti-oxidant effects via the NF-κB pathway. The expression levels of microRNAs (miRNAs) were also altered by LPS, but the iridoids could scarcely rescue the abnormal condition. Conclusion: Chronic inflammation may be an important incentive for oxidative stress and abnormal microRNA expression in PCOS, and iridoids can protect patients from inflammatory damage by regulating the NF-κB pathway.
Comparison of Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zazzeroni Luca , Pasquinelli Gianandea , Nanni Eleonora , Cremonini Valeria , Rubbi Ivan
Published: October 2017

Background/Aims: The increase in the survival rate of patients with chronic renal failure due to substitution treatment prompts an investigation of their quality of life (QoL), a key measure to evaluate the outcomes of chronic disease treatment. To determine whether hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis provide a better QoL, a systematic meta-analysis was performed. Methods: We searched through the database Cinahl, Medline, PubMed, Scopus and Proquest, including articles published from 2011 until June 2016. We selected articles that compared, through KDQOL-SF 1.3 or 36 questionnaires, QoL among patients undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. The data was collected using Excel Office, and t-test has been performed on independent samples to identify significant differences. Results: Only some of the seven articles found significant differences between the two treatments. One of the studies showed a better QoL for peritoneal dialysis patients, while, on the contrary, two other studies support that the best QoL is in patients receiving hemodialysis. Another article displayed significant difference only for satisfaction in relation to care, better in patients on peritoneal dialysis, and for physical health, better in hemodialysis. Conclusions: The analysis has not led to a unanimous conclusion. Quantitative analysis showed that the only statistically significant difference between the QoL of patients on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis regards the effect of kidney disease, which happens to be better in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.
Sonhar-se existindo: a produção onírica em um atendimento infantil como revelador para a compreensão clínica
Authors: Tavares Carolina Araújo , Zanetti Sandra Aparecida Serra , Sei Maíra Bonafé
Published: October 2017

A relação terapeuta-paciente em psicanálise dá-se para além do setting analítico, incluindo a produção onírica, entre outros conteúdos. Este artigo relata a experiência formativa de uma terapeuta que, durante as entrevistas iniciais com a família de uma paciente infantil foi capaz de capturar a essência subjacente do que foi dito e converter esse conteúdo em material onírico. Esta elaboração serviu de esteio para a apropriação realizada pelos pais nas sessões seguintes. A partir dessa nova condição, o desenvolvimento saudável da criança tornou-se possível e desejado. Discute-se a importância do processo do sonhar como parte essencial da própria existência.
Psychoanalysis and education in brazil from 1950 onward: a historical study
Authors: Barros Juliana Fernanda de , Abrão Jorge Luís Ferreira
Published: October 2017

Este artigo tem por objeto apresentar uma leitura acerca da apropriação da psicanálise no contexto educacional brasileiro na segunda metade do século XX. Desse modo, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico dos trabalhos produzidos nesse período e, por meio de sua classificação em eixos temáticos e de uma análise historiográfica, foi possível identificar que a psicanálise se fez presente na educação de duas formas. Inicialmente, foi marcada por um período de estagnação em torno das produções, em detrimento do investimento clínico; posteriormente, foi afetada pela redefinição do seu papel e pelo início das discussões sobre a relação aluno-professor. Concluiu-se, então, que o modo como ocorreu a apropriação da psicanálise pela educação marca a relação entre esses campos nas práticas atuais
Ordem e desordem no processo de implantação de Palmas: a capital projetada do Tocantins
Authors: Bessa Kelly , Oliveira Claudia Fernanda Pimentel de
Published: October 2017

Diante dos processos de organização e produção do espaço urbano em Palmas, a capital projetada do Tocantins, valemo-nos da relação complexa entre ações marcadas por determinação e indeterminação. Nessa lógica de interpretação, define-se que o espaço urbano de Palmas é produto de três tipos de ordem: intencional (determinação), espontânea (indeterminação) e uma ordem cambiante entre elas. Este artigo visa conciliar esse aspecto, aparentemente contraditório, de uma urbanização determinada, a princípio, por tentativas planejadas, mas que cedeu a imprevisibilidades e indeterminações do mundo real, especialmente por arbitrariedades do poder público e interesses de agentes do mercado de terras, configurando um contexto marcado pela hegemonização político-econômica do território urbano. Portanto, esta possibilidade de análise da realidade urbana orienta-se pelas relações complexas entre o intencional e o espontâneo, o determinado e o indeterminado, e, por fim, entre a ordem e a desordem.
Urbanização e cidade dispersa: implicações da produção do espaço urbano no Brasil, em Moçambique e na Austrália
Authors: Nascimento Júnior Lindberg
Published: October 2017

Imagens de luzes noturnas dos anos de 1992, 2002 e 2012 foram tratadas para o território brasileiro, moçambicano e australiano a fim de suscitar uma discussão comparada da dispersão urbana nos países do Hemisfério Sul. No debate, considerou-se a ideia da dispersão urbana como fundamento da distinção entre urbanização (processo) e cidade (forma), articulando esses conceitos à intensidade e à expansão das luzes noturnas nas áreas dos países estudados. A revisão bibliográfica e o tratamento das imagens por técnicas de sensoriamento remoto possibilitaram interpretar, quantificar e mapear áreas iluminadas e não iluminadas. Esses procedimentos ajudam a inferir atributos semelhantes e diferentes nos níveis globais e regionais dos países estudados, como medida de particularização da dispersão urbana em diferentes formações socioespaciais.
Ser lugar e ser território como experiências do ser-no-mundo: um exercício de existencialismo geográfico
Authors: Serpa Angelo
Published: October 2017

Este ensaio busca aprofundar uma abordagem existencialista dos conceitos de lugar e território assumindo o pressuposto de que eles remetem, antes de tudo, a experiências geográficas que ora se distinguem, ora se aproximam e carregam em si a marca do espaço vivido. Para esta análise, parte-se do conceito de geograficidade – a base pré-consciente e pré-conceitual da geografia – assumindo também que, antes de qualquer conceituação ou estratégia de representação conceitual, as pessoas são seres essencialmente espaciais e que viver é produzir/experienciar espaço. O ensaio está dividido em seis seções: a introdução, uma problematização da dialética entre interior e exterior e seu desdobramento numa abordagem de como lugar e território se exprimem como modos geográficos de existência no espaço público; nas duas últimas seções, reflete-se sobre o papel do corpo nos processos de apropriação do espaço e sobre como ser lugar e ser território se exprimem como facetas do ser-no-mundo em seu sentido mais político.
Interações entre componentes regionais do sistema bancário nacional
Authors: Costa Fernando Nogueira
Published: October 2017

Autores pós-keynesianos esperavam que a atividade bancária agravasse a concentração regional no Brasil. Minha hipótese é que “a organização do espaço geoeconômico brasileiro influencia o crédito”, em vez de pressupor que “as finanças vêm influenciando a organização do espaço geográfico brasileiro”. Há uma tendência histórica de concentração locacional de redes e sedes de agências bancárias, atraídas por captação de riqueza financeira. Mas contrabalança-se o destino do crédito dirigido pela demanda, no caso de bancos privados, com crédito direcionado, no caso de bancos públicos. A ação bancária pública é orientada também pelo conhecimento desse efeito compensatório da desigualdade regional.
Banalidade das finanças e cidadania incompleta: lugar e cotidiano na globalização
Authors: Silveira María Laura
Published: October 2017

Este artigo está estruturado em três pontos. No primeiro, procura entender o cotidiano como quinta dimensão do espaço banal e o papel da multiplicação dos fluxos financeiros, envolvendo um maior número de lugares. No segundo, discute a reorganização do cotidiano ao ritmo da financeirização que desenvolvem nos lugares os agentes do circuito superior, por meio de ações simbólicas e novos instrumentos financeiros. No terceiro ponto, aborda o papel do Estado na financeirização e no consumo e suas repercussões nos circuitos da economia urbana e na cidadania. Por fim, apresenta breves reflexões sobre a relação entre política, produção, consumo e cidadania no período atual.
FGD5 Regulates VEGF Receptor-2 Coupling to PI3 Kinase and Receptor Recycling
Authors: Farhan Maikel A. , Azad Abul K. , Touret Nicolas , Murray Allan G.
Published: October 2017

Objective—

VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor-A) signaling to the endothelial cell (EC) through VEGFR2 (VEGF receptor-2) is the principal cue driving new blood vessel formation. FGD5 (faciogenital dysplasia-5)—a Rho-family guanine nucleotide exchange factor—is selectively expressed in EC. Deficiency of FGD5 is embryonically lethal in mice and perturbs angiogenesis and VEGF signal transduction. However, the mechanism of FGD5 regulation of VEGF signaling is poorly understood.

Approach and Results—

Angiogenic sprouting and EC cytoskeletal remodeling were evaluated in a 3-dimensional in vitro model. We examined the subcellular localization of FGD5 and VEGFR2 in EC by immunofluorescent staining and studied the association by immunoprecipitation. FGD5 deficiency reduced the number of angiogenic sprouts and tip cell filopodia by ≈80% and ≈70%, respectively. These defects were accompanied by downregulation of the expression of tip cell-specific markers. FGD5 inactivation led to a decrease in EC migration and early protrusion (lamellipodia) formation. In resting and VEGF-stimulated EC, FGD5 forms a complex with VEGFR2 and was enriched at the leading edge of the cell and among endosomes. FGD5 loss reduced mTORC2 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex-2)/Akt-dependent cortactin activation downstream of VEGFR2 but did not alter VEGFR2 plasma membrane expression, Y1175 phosphorylation, or endocytosis. However, FGD5 loss decreased endosomal VEGFR2 coupling to phosphoinositide-3 kinase and diverted VEGFR2 to lysosomal degradation.

Conclusions—

FGD5 regulates VEGFR2 retention in recycling endosomes and coupling to PI3 (phosphoinositide-3) kinase/mTORC2-dependent cytoskeletal remodeling.
A checklist of the praying mantises of Peru: new records, one new genus (Piscomantis gen. n.) and biogeographic remarks (Insecta, Mantodea)
Authors: RIVERA JULIO , VERGARA-COBIÁN CLORINDA
Published: October 2017

We present a preliminary checklist of the praying mantises (Insecta: Mantodea) of Peru. A total of 67 species are reported, nine of which constitute new records from that country. The following new nomenclatural procedures are introduced: Musoniella margharethae Battiston and Picciau, 2008 is transferred to Musonia as Musonia margharethae (Battiston and Picciau, 2008) (comb. n.), and Phyllovates brevicollis Orofino, Ippolito and Lombardo, 2006 is considered a new synonym (syn. n.) of Pseudovates peruviana (Rehn, 1911). A new genus, Piscomantis gen. n., is established to accommodate Galapagia peruana Beier, 1935, which is now referred to as Piscomantis peruana (Beier, 1935) (comb. n.). Ten species are removed from the Peruvian mantis fauna and two nomina nuda are proposed. An overview of the biogeography and ecology of Peruvian praying mantises is presented.
Description of the Nymph of Tramea binotata (Rambur, 1842) (Odonata: Libellulidae)
Authors: TENNESSEN KENNETH J. , TRAPERO-QUINTANA ADRIAN , FERREIRA FRANCISCO DE ASSIS CRUZ
Published: October 2017

The nymph of Tramea binotata (Rambur, 1842) is described and illustrated based on reared specimens from Brazil and Ecuador, and also matching nymphs from Venezuela. A new character was discovered, i.e., density of minute spiniform setae scattered on the dorsum of abdominal segments 7 & 8, that separates the Neotropical species into two groups: high density of the tiny setae separates T. binotata, T. insularis Hagen, 1861 and T. calverti Muttkowski, 1910 from the other known species which have zero to only a few of these setae. Tramea binotata is distinct from most other Neotropical species known in the nymph stage by having only 7 or 8 palpal setae, rarely 6 or 9, on one side (versus 10–12); T. calverti and T. insularis have similar low numbers of palpal setae (8–10) but each has more premental setae per side (11–14 in calverti and insularis vs. 8–10, rarely 11, in binotata). The nymphs of Tramea minuta De Marmels & Rácenis, 1982 and T. rustica De Marmels & Rácenis, 1982 are still unknown.
A Simple Pedagogical Model Linking Initial-Value Reliability with Trustworthiness in the Forced Climate Response
Authors: Palmer T. N. , Weisheimer A.
Published: October 2017

Although the development of seamless prediction systems is becoming increasingly common, there is still confusion regarding the relevance of information from initial-value forecasts for assessing the trustworthiness of the climate system’s response to forcing. A simple system that mimics the real climate system through its regime structure is used to illustrate this potential relevance. The more complex version of this model defines “reality” and a simplified version of the system represents the “model.” The model’s response to forcing is profoundly incorrect. However, the untrustworthiness of the model’s response to forcing can be deduced from the model’s initial-value unreliability. The nonlinearity of the system is crucial in accounting for this result.
Crazy for Caucusing: Media Use and Voter Opinions in the 2016 Iowa Caucus
Authors: Winfrey Kelly L.
Published: October 2017

The Iowa Caucus has been the first chance for voters to voice their choice for president since 1976, and every 4 years since the nation’s attention has turned to Iowa in the months leading up to the election. The campaigning in Iowa starts early, very early, and voters are inundated with news coverage, political advertising, and candidate visits. The winners of the Iowa Caucus may not always win the nomination, but losing in Iowa can end a campaign. Given that Iowa voters have such an important role in the nomination process, this essay examines their exposure to political news and opinions of the candidates leading up to caucus night. A state-wide phone survey of 12,000 Iowans conducted in November 2015 and January 2016 reveal gender and political party differences in where Iowans get their political news, and related differences in the leadership, honesty, and compassion leading candidates were perceived to be by Iowa Caucus–goers.
Conversion controlled
Authors: Nagy Dorottya , Speelman Gé
Published: October 2017

This article draws on the interactions of multiple voices addressing the issue of conversion-based asylum claims in Europe. It formulates a set of theological and missiological reflections on conversion and asylum. It argues that the complex interactions among immigration services, institutionalized churches, Christian organizations and asylum seekers capture conversion as static. The article proposes moving beyond the credibility discourse, which preserves the model of conversion from one closed faith system into another, and revisiting more complex theologies of conversion theologies.
“Falling on One’s Sword”
Authors: Mueller Des
Published: October 2017

Several distinguished scholars have contributed previously to this debate and I have been privileged to consider their arguments. In doing so, I have been mindful that the realities of life frequently pierce the armor of high-minded principles. An important caveat on my views is that the debate is about senior officer resignation in the U.S. armed forces. A distant observer might therefore miss some of the important nuances at play, but it is difficult not to conclude that the U.S. armed forces exercise significant political influence in their own right and collectively through the Joint Chiefs of Staff. They are certainly major cogs in the formidably complex machinery of both government and politics.
Cooking Classes: A Diabetes Self-Management Support Intervention Enhancing Clinical Values
Authors: Byrne Cally , Kurmas Neal , Burant Christopher J. , Utech Anne , Steiber Alison , Julius Mary
Published: October 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between Healthy Teaching Kitchen (HTK) attendance among veterans who are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and clinical outcomes as measured by A1C and blood pressure.

Methods

This retrospective chart review collected data from veterans with T2DM who participated in the Diabetes Self-Management Support (DSMS) HTK program at the Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center (LSCVAMC) between February 2013 and May 2016. Data collected included demographic information, frequency of DSMS HTK attendance, 3 A1C values, and 3 blood pressure values. Each subject was assigned to 1 of 4 quartiles based on frequency of DSMS HTK attendance.

Results

A1C values of all groups improved over time, regardless of DSMS HTK attendance quartile. However, as total DSMS HTK class attendance increased, there was a significant decrease in the A1C difference score.

Conclusions

Participation in a DSMS program that focuses on healthy, economical cooking skills may lead to a significant improvement in A1C regardless of frequency of attendance. However, individuals with more frequent attendance may experience additional improvement in glycemic control.
Usefulness of Simultaneous Measurement of Plasma Steroids, Including Precursors, for the Evaluation of Drug Effects on Adrenal Steroidogenesis in Rats
Authors: Tochitani Tomoaki , Yamashita Akihito , Matsumoto Izumi , Kouchi Mami , Fujii Yuta , Miyawaki Izuru , Yamada Toru , Bando Kiyoko
Published: October 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of simultaneous measurement of plasma steroids, including precursors, for the evaluation of drug effects on adrenal steroidogenesis in vivo. Plasma concentrations of corticosterone and its precursors were examined in rats dosed with compounds that affect adrenal steroidogenesis via different modes of action as well as the relationships of the changes with blood chemistry and adrenal histopathology. Male rats were dosed with tricresyl phosphate, aminoglutethimide, trilostane (TRL), metyrapone (MET), ketoconazole (KET), or mifepristone for 7 days. In the TRL, MET, and KET groups, precursor levels were markedly increased, while there were no significant changes in the corticosterone level, suggesting that the precursors are more sensitive biomarkers to detect the effect on adrenal steroidogenesis. Also, the precursors with increased levels were those that are normally metabolized by the inhibited enzymes, reflecting the modes of action of the compounds. In addition, different patterns of changes were observed in blood chemistry and histopathology, supporting the mechanism suggested by the steroid changes. These results show that simultaneous measurement of plasma steroids, including precursors, can be a valuable method to sensitively evaluate drug effects on adrenal steroidogenesis and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.