bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Equity Valuation Effects of Foreign Capital Expenditures: The Role of Property Rights
Authors: English II Philip C. , Moore William T.
Published: August 2020

We examine common stock price reactions to offshore capital expenditures undertaken by U.S. multinational firms. Arguments based on optionality and expropriability lead to predicted price reactions conditioned on the degree of ambiguity in property rights enforcement in the host country. Our findings based on 159 foreign investment decisions reveal a significant influence of property rights ambiguity on the valuation effect. For investment in countries where property rights are enforced as reliably as in the U.S., firms experience an average increase in equity value of $41.83 million, or $1.614 per dollar invested. For countries with greater ambiguity in enforcement, firms experience an average loss of $39.28 million. Controlling for risk, leverage and differential taxes, we find that property rights ambiguity is the dominant explanatory factor for the market’s reaction to these decisions.
Productivity and Stock Returns: 1951 - 2002
Authors: Parhizgari A.M. , Aburachis Abe
Published: August 2020

There is considerable concern whether the decline in stock market returns will eventually exert negative changes in the productivity data. This paper examines the long run, or the equilibrium, relationship between productivity and stock returns for the 1951-2002 period. It introduces the notion of equilibrium as represented by the co-movements of economic variables in the long run. This notion is viewed to be broader than the economic theory definition of equilibrium that usually means market clearance. Acknowledging that structural changes in economic time series are hard to detect, an alternative approach employing pair-wise and multifactor cointegration along with VAR modeling is employed. Within this framework, the relationships among productivity, stock prices (returns), investment, and corporate cash flows are pair-wise and jointly investigated. The results indicate that productivity and stock prices share a common trend; so do the stock prices and corporate net cash flows. The long-run common trend between investment and stock prices on the other hand is not so clear. The implications of these results for investors and policy-makers are discussed.
Outsider Estimation of the Fair Value of Bank Stocks: Computational and Conceptual Issues
Authors: Ariff Mohamed , Suranto Lina
Published: August 2020

This paper attempts to fill a void in the finance literature by reporting the reliability of theoretical valuation models against the market values of banking corporations. The dividend, operating cash flows and the free cash flow valuation approaches are operationalised to estimate fair values of banks. These values are then compared with market values. This results, using the Theil’s U-coefficient, show that the operating cash flow approach provides estimates that are better than the naïve model estimates. The other two approaches produced results no better than the naïve model. A probable reason for the poor performance of the free cash flow approach is suggested. Outsider’s estimation of investment values needed for free cash flow calculation is likely to introduce serious errors irrespective of the theoretical bases of models widely used in the industry.
A Synthesis of Theoretical Relationship between Systematic Risk and Financial and Accounting Variables
Authors: Lawrence Edward R. , Mishra Suchismita , Prakash Arun J
Published: August 2020

In this paper we summarize the theoretical relationship between beta, the measure of relative systematic risk on one hand and financial and accounting variables, such as leverage, size, growth in earnings, capital adequacy etc. The purpose is to bring together a comprehensive treatise of these relationships.
Derivatives and Risk Management in the Banking Industry
Authors: Mulugetta Abraham , Hadjinikolov Hristo
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine issues surrounding the enactment of Financial Accounting Statement 133 (SFAS 133) in managing risk in the banking industry. It examined the financial statements of ten major U.S. banks by investigating their 10Ks and 10Qs from 1999 to 2002. It found out that banks that had large hedge positions before SFAS 133 reduced their exposures for a while and increased their positions in 2002. Interestingly, those banks with small hedged positions before the rule, increased their positions after the adoption of SFAS 133. As expected the statement increased the degree of disclosure and transparency of derivatives activities which compliments the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002.
Market Efficiency and Long Run Purchasing Power Parity Disequilibria of the Mexican Peso Under Changing Exchange Rate Regimes
Authors: Cabello Alejandra , Ortiz Edgar , Johnson Robert
Published: August 2020

This paper tests if the efficient market version of Purchasing Power Parity (EMPPP) holds for the Mexican case for the 1970-2002 period in an environment of changing exchange rate regimes. Two regression analyses which extend PPP to a dynamic intertemporal model, based on market efficiency, are used, and in addition two unit root tests are applied. In general, the obtained empirical evidence does not support the EMPPP. Results suggest an inefficient market resulting from weak exchange rate policies and weak adoptions of several exchange rate regimes without proper inflation targeting and the application of strong and disciplined macroeconomic policies and structural changes.
Asian Derivative Markets: Research Issues
Authors: M Shamsher , H. Taufiq
Published: August 2020

Theory suggests that the introduction of derivative market in a market with spot trading completes the market-based price discovery process. There are 19 derivative markets in Asia. Derivative trades in such markets help to hedge away the risk of price changes in the spot markets at very low costs. Commodity futures instruments are also needed to hedge away price changes in real sector just as financial futures does this function for the financial sector. In this paper, we examine the current status of selected commodity and financial derivative markets in Asia. It suggests that the more industrial/advanced economies have developed liquid commodities markets, and few of them have also developed active financial derivative markets. But for most of the 19 or so emerging markets in Asia, the development of derivative markets is still at an early stage.
Usury (Riba) and the Place of Bank Interest in Islamic Banking and Finance
Authors: Zaman M. Raquibuz
Published: August 2020

This paper examines the concept of usury or Riba as was understood at the time of the Prophet of Islam and his contemporaries in Mecca and Medina, and what differing interpretations of the term developed in succeeding centuries in Muslim populated countries of the world. It gives a brief summary of the concept of usury in Judaism and Christianity and how this term is equivalent of Riba in Islam. It demonstrates that Riba and interest are not synonymous terms, and that what Islam forbids is usury and not interest. It asserts that, although some interests are usurious, the claim by the contemporary Islamic Banking and Financial institutions, IBFIs, that these institutions are “Islamic” because the term is not used in their transactions, is misleading at best. It ends with the proclamation that true IBFIs are not only feasible, but also are inevitable to serve the needs of the Muslims around the world.
Rational Expectations, Irrational Exuberance: Linkage between U.S. Investors and Pacific-Basin Stock Returns
Authors: Verma Rahul
Published: August 2020

We shed new light on the relevance of rational expectations and irrational exuberance of U.S. individual and institutional investors on Pacific-Basin stock returns. We find insignificant effects of irrational exuberance and significant effect of rational expectations on Asian markets with varying degrees of intensity. There are greater responses of Hong Kong, Malaysia, Philippines, and Singapore while weaker linkages with Taiwan, Thailand, and Korea. Overall evidence suggests that rational expectations of institutional investors are transmitted to a greater extent than those of individual investors. These results are consistent with the view that international effects of the U.S. market can be attributed to rational investor sentiments.
Risk-Adjusted Returns of American Depositary Receipts on Chinese and Indian Stocks
Authors: Arugaslan Onur , Samant Ajay
Published: August 2020

This study evaluates the risk-adjusted performance of American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) on shares of stock of Chinese and Indian fi rms. The first part of the study examines the nature of Chinese and Indian ADRs (based on depositary bank, sponsorship status, industry classification and listing). The second part of the study evaluates the performance of these ADRs using statistical measures grounded in modern portfolio theory. Returns are adjusted for the degree of total risk and systematic risk inherent in each ADR, and the securities are then ranked on the basis of risk-adjusted performance. Two relatively new evaluation metrics, the Modigliani and Sortino measures, are used. The objective of the study is to provide documentation to global investors who are contemplating participation in Chinese and Indian stock markets via depositary receipts.
The Input Requirements of Conventional and Shariahcompliant Banking
Authors: Abdul Majid Mariani
Published: August 2020

Islamic banking activities are limited within the scope of shari’ah which is within the scope of socially responsible and ethical banking activities, different from that based on interest-based banking. This paper attempts to measure the input data required by shari’ah-compliant banking in comparison with conventional banking to estimate their relative efficiencies and economies of and returns to scale. Cost and output distance functions were estimated for a sample of banks in 10 countries which operate both types of banking. The results showed that shari’ah-compliant banking has higher input requirements relative to interest based banking, but exhibit superior average efficiency only in Malaysia but inferior average efficiency in cross-country analysis. There is little evidence of differences in economies/returns to scale between shari’ah and conventional banks.
Exchange Rate Volatility and Purchasing Power Parity: Does Euro Make Any Difference?
Authors: Manzur Meher , Chan Felix
Published: August 2020

This paper provides a new test of the purchasing power parity (PPP) and its relevance for the Euro. Principal component analysis (PCA) is employed to construct a pooled measure of inflation for 12 Euro-currency countries. This measure is used to test the PPP for Euro against three major currencies, namely, those of the Japan, UK and USA. The test results are then used to measure the speed of adjustment of the deviations from parity using rolling and recursive regressions procedures. Finally, the forecasting accuracy of the PPP-based Euro exchange rates is compared with those given by the random walk model, and the synthetic Euro series provided by the European Central Bank. In general, the results are supportive of PPP.
Patterns of Debt Use in Small Businesses: A Non-Parametric Analysis
Authors: Chakraborty Atreya , Mallick Rajiv
Published: August 2020

This paper uses non-parametric techniques to examine patterns of debt use by small firms and how such patterns differ across firm categories. The methodological goal is to use the richness of the firm level data and allow convincing presentations with minimum of assumptions. The procedures used provide easily comprehendible graphical descriptions of the data. The procedures augment what can be discerned from descriptive statistics by accounting for differential weights and allowing for clustering that is a native feature of cross-sectional data. We also investigate how firms could benefit if credit availability improves. Though a model-based analysis would be required to provide a detailed analysis, our analysis suggests that greater credit availability will benefit all firms. Firms with low levels of equity will be better off as their credit constraints will be less binding, while firms with high levels of equity will benefit from acquiring more debt.
Present and Future Value Formulae for Uneven Cash Flow Based on Performance of A Business
Authors: Tessema Ameha Tefera
Published: August 2020

Computational methods for present and future value calculations are difficult when the firm’s cash flow income is uneven. The firm’s decision to invest or borrow based on uneven cash flows needs a simple method to arrive at the present value of uneven cash flows. This paper is an attempt to simplify the current tedious calculations. A methodology to quickly estimate the present/future value of uneven cash flows is invaluable to practitioners in the banking and financial industries.
Mergers and Acquisitions: The Nigerian Banking Consolidation Program
Authors: Agu Chukwuma , Olajide Damilola , Ikenwilo Divine , Orji Anthony
Published: August 2020

This paper examines the determinants of the exit behaviour of banks in the Nigerian consolidation program during July 2004 and December 2005. We conceptualise the exit process in a flexible bivariate competing risks model to examine the importance of macroeconomic and industry-specific factors for both merged banks and failed banks jointly. The preliminary results suggest that bank-specific characteristics mattered more for preventing bank failure than they did for emergence of the M&A banks. Second, the Central Bank of Nigeria’s assistance was highly influential in preventing bank failure, and, for banks that benefited, the assistance increased their probability of being merged or acquired. Also, we found no strong evidence suggesting that the prevailing macroeconomic conditions and industry-specific factors had influenced exit behaviour of banks during the consolidation exercise. We found evidence of structural dependence between failure and merger and acquisition hazards induced by CBN incentive.
The Contagion from the 2007-09 US Stock Market Crash
Authors: Castellanos Arnulfo M. , Vargas Francisco S. , Rentería Luis G.
Published: August 2020

The global financial crisis that took place during the period 2007-09 had its most prominent manifestation in the general stock market crash. This could be studied from the perspective of financial contagion, using a mathematical tool known as wavelets. This paper aims to assess the impact of the US stock market crash on the other stock markets all over the world. As an initial point the assumption that the former was the epicenter of the global financial crisis stands out. In order to determine the existence of differentiated impacts that show the presence of inertial factors in different stock exchange markets, a filtering technique is used on stock market indexes to assess such impacts. The data series are worked out on different time scales in order to identify short and long term effects.
Board Gender Diversity, Corporate Reputation and Market Performance
Authors: Larkin Meredith B. , Bernardi Richard A. , Bosco Susan M.
Published: August 2020

This study examines the association between corporate transparency, ethical orientation of Fortune 500 companies, the number of females represented on the board of directors as reported in the 2010 annual report data and respective stock performance. Our basis for this judgement was whether the firm was listed on either (both) Ethisphere Magazine’s 2010 ‘World’s Most Ethical Companies’ or (and) Corporate Responsibility Magazine’s 2010 ‘100 Best Corporate Citizens List’. Our results indicate that, as the number of women directors increased, the probability of a corporation appearing in these lists increases. Finally, while being on one of these lists did not increase corporate return data in a statistically significant sense, it did dramatically reduce the degree of negative returns.
Modelling and Forecasting Volatility in the Gold Market
Authors: Trück Stefan , Liang Kevin
Published: August 2020

We investigate the volatility dynamics of gold markets. While there are a number of recent studies examining volatility and Value-at-Risk (VaR) measures in financial and commodity markets, none of them focuses on the gold market. We use a large number of statistical models to model and then forecast daily volatility and VaR. Both in-sample and out-of-sample forecasts are evaluated using appropriate evaluation measures. For in-sample forecasting, the class of TARCH models provide the best results. For out-of-sample forecasting, the results were not that clear-cut and the order and specification of the models were found to be an important factor in determining model’s performance. VaR for traders with long and short positions were evaluated by comparing failure rates and a simple AR as well as a TARCH model perform best for the considered back-testing period. Overall, most models outperform a benchmark random walk model, while none of the considered models perform significantly better than the rest with respect to all adopted criteria.
Building Approvals as a Leading Indicator of Property Sector Investment
Authors: Karamujic Harry M
Published: August 2020

Overall, building approvals for new houses (BANHs) are viewed by most economic analysts/commentators as a leading indicator of property investment due to the importance of this sector to the whole economy and employment. This study seeks shed some additional light on modelling this seasonal behaviour of BANHs by: (i) establishing the presence of seasonality in Victorian BANHs; (ii) ascertaining it as to whether is deterministic or stochastic; (iii) estimating out-of-sample forecasting capabilities of the modelling specification; and (iv) speculating on possible interpretation of results. The study utilises a structural time series model of Harvey. Factors corresponding to June, April, December and November are found to be significant at five per cent level. The observed seasonality could be attributed to both the summer holidays and the end of financial year seasonal effects. Irrespective of partially incomplete nature of this research, the findings should be appealing to, among others, researchers, all levels of Government, construction industry and banking industry.
Economic Freedom, Macroeconomic Fundamentals and Foreign Direct Investment in Fast Emerging Brics and Malaysia
Authors: Ho Catherina S.F. , Ahmad Noryati , Mohd Dahan Hayati
Published: August 2020

This study investigates the major factors that determine the inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) into fast emerging countries: Brazil, China, India, Russia, South Africa (BRICS) and Malaysia. Two sets of factors are identified: macroeconomic and country specific fundamentals. The period of analysis is 1977-2010. The study provides empirical evidence that economic growth, government consumption and trade openness are vital for FDI. In addition, country specific infrastructure quality and economic freedom are also critical factors in determining FDI for this group of countries. Our findings have significant policy implications for the growth and development of these countries, particularly through foreign direct investments.
Determing the Role of Debt in the Economy and a New Approach for Solving Sovereign Debt Crises
Authors: Iqbal Munawar
Published: August 2020

This paper aims to begin a dialogue on how to seek a longer term solution to the sovereign debt problems in general and those of EU in particular. Although the history of debt crises is quite old, none of the several solutions proposed and tried in the past have been successful to curb recurring debt crisis. This issue has assumed critical importance as the Eurozone debt crisis, which followed after the 2007-09 global financial crisis. Several governments have been outvoted in Europe due to this crisis and the cohesion of Eurozone is at stake. A rethinking on debt creation and its macroeconomic effects are being seriously studied. It seems that traditional options available to policy makers have lost much of their luster. It is high time that unconventional measures may have to be offered for consideration to provide longer term solution. This paper is a brief on the Islamic approach to the role of debt, and has potential to limit debt creation in the long term. We present some basic tenets of that approach referring in particular to the current developed nation sovereign debt crisis.
Mush̄ārakah and Mudārabah Instruments: Assessing their Characteristics
Authors: Chowdhury Naeem
Published: August 2020

Until very recently, equity financing is more in line with the spirit of Islam as compared with debt financing. As such, mushārakah and mudārabah are the preferred modes for Islamic investors. It is therefore a matter of a concern that even after four decades after Islamic finance captured the attention of investors around the globe, these two purest genres account only for a small percentage of Islamic financial industry. The paper examines more searchingly for the reasons why mushārakah and mudārabah occupy such insignificant place among Islamic financial products. This paper offers an analytical insight.
Credit Risk of Islamic Banks in GCC Countries
Authors: Al-Wesabi Hamid A. H. , Ahmad Nor Hayati
Published: August 2020

This paper is about factors affecting credit risk of Islamic banks in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries using website data covering 25 Islamic banks over 2006 to 2010. This study uses non-performing loans as a proxy for credit risk, which is the dependent variable with three macro-economic, and six firm-specific independent variables. We find income is significantly negatively related to credit risk, which is consistent with findings in other countries about credit risk. Some firm-specific variables such as leverage, liquidity are also relevant variables for credit risk, which results are also consistent with bank behaviour reported in other studies. Credit risk is also broadly affected by both macro and firm-specific factors as found in other regions. Inflation and interest rates do not appear to be relevant. These results would suggest non-performing loan is broadly correlated with factors identified in other studies of banks.
Foreign Ownership, Return Volatility, Trading Volume, and Risk of Stocks in Indonesia
Authors: Naufa Ahmad Maulin , Lantara I Wayan Nuka
Published: August 2020

This study examines the relationship between foreign ownership and return volatility, trading volume, and risk of stocks at the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Panel data of selected companies listed on the LQ45 index of the IDX was employed for the period between 2011 and 2017. Foreign ownership was found to positively affect stock return volatility, trading volume, and risk. Hence, more substantial foreign ownership of stocks meant more drawbacks to Indonesian stocks. Therefore, there is a need for the Indonesian government to limit and regulate foreign shareholders in Indonesia.
Momentum Effect all over the World
Authors: Ali Imran Zulfiqar , Wong Woei-Chyuan , Ismail Rusmawati
Published: August 2020

This study is intended to reaffirm the existence and profitability of momentum investment strategies in 40 countries around the world during the period 1996–2018. The contradictory findings of previous research on the existence and profitability of momentum strategies have raised a pertinent question on the validity of efficient market hypothesis. We documented the momentum effect in 90% of our sample countries of which 52.5% exhibited positive momentum effect while 37.5% exhibited negative momentum effect. The findings were robust to two distinct sub-period analyses. The clear rejection of efficient market hypotheses is valuable to momentum traders and stock market regulators.
THE IMPACT OF MANAGERIAL CHARACTERISTICS ON CAPITAL STRUCTURE IN MALAYSIAN MANUFACTURING SMES
Authors: Chin Kuah Yoke , Zakaria Zuriawati , Keong Choong Chee
Published: August 2020

Access to capital is a critical factor in stimulating small business creation and growth especially in developing companies. The failure of small business entities in securing the needed capital would entail them remaining small and limit their ability to create goods, services, and innovations in the marketplace, including jobs. This study focuses on manufacturing SMEs by examining the influence of managerial characteristics (age, gender, work experience and level of education) on capital structure towards technology improvement. Based on a survey of 219 respondents, the results indicated that male managers, managers with a lot of work experience and educated managers preferred internal and external financing. Furthermore, internal and external financing also showed positive relationships to improve manufacturing technology performance. This study provides and adds new knowledge to corporate managers to serve as benchmarks in making decisions on company performance. It could also enhance company ability to deal with competitive environments.
Transverse-sigmoid sinus dural arteriovenous fistula presenting with recurrent transient ischaemic attack: A technical case report.
Authors: Ramli Hamid Marlina Tanty , Abdul Kadir Khairul Azmi
Published: August 2020

Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVF) are uncommon and account for approximately 1% of all strokes. All transverse-sigmoid sinus DAVFs require treatment because of the low rate of spontaneous regression and frequent association with aggressive neurologic symptoms.  Endovascular embolization which aims for permanent obliteration of the lesion is now the primary treatment modality for all DAVFs. We present a 56-year-old patient with long standing history of intermittent TIA-like symptoms.  Magnetic resonance (MR) angiography revealed right transverse-sigmoid sinus DAVF and bilateral vertebral arteries occlusion.  The patient’s symptoms completely resolved upon successful trans-arterial embolization of the DAVF.
PENGARUH INSEKTISIDA MIKROBA Bacillus thuringiensis TERHADAP MORTALITAS Heliothis armigera PADA TONGKOL JAGUNG
Authors: Widajati Wiludjeng , Windriyanti Wiwin , Santoso Wahyu
Published: August 2020

Tanaman jagung (Zea mays L.) merupakan tanaman benih yang dimanfaatkan negara berkembang sebagai bahan pangan pokok setelah padi. Aktivasi hama tongkol Heliothis armigera Hubner merupakan salah satu hama tanaman jagung yang banyak merusak buah jagung terutama pada buah muda. Kemajuan teknologi telah menemukan cara untuk membasmi H. armigera yang dibeli secara biologis dengan menggunakan organisme tertentu yang diformulasikan dalam bentuk pestisida. Salah satu produknya adalah Bactospeine WP yang mengandung bahan aktif Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui persentase gejala kematian yang dipengaruhi oleh Bactospeine WP sebagai keracunan lambung pada beberapa larva H. armigera pada berbagai konsentrasi yang diberikan. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (CRD) dengan dua faktor dan empat kali pengulangan. Faktor pertama konsentrasi jentik tiga taraf dan faktor kedua instar jentik empat taraf. Persepsi dilakukan pada hari ke-1, ke-2, ke-3, ke-4 dan ke-5 setelah perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kematian larva H. armigera dapat dipengaruhi oleh perbedaan konsentrasi Bactospeine WP dan larva instar.
Perhubungan Awam, Media Sosial, Etika Kerja Islam Serta Trend Penggunaan Media Sosial di Sektor Awam Kementerian di Malaysia
Authors: Mustafa Muhamad Zaki , Kasmani Mohd Faizal , Mohamed Ariffin Mohd Yahya , Mohd Noor Khairunneezam
Published: August 2020

Media baharu memainkan peranan penting di dalam pembangunan sesebuah negara. Kajian ini menerangkan mengenai perhubungan awam, media sosial, etika kerja Islam serta trend penggunaan media baharu dalam kalangan unit perhubungan awam kementerian-kementerian di Malaysia. Hasil kajian yang menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan keatas jumlah pengikut Facebook, Twitter dan Instagram Kementerian di Malaysia pada bulan Oktober tahun 2019. Hasil kajian menunjukkan tiga Kementerian yang mempunyai paling ramai pengikut adalah Kementerian Kesihatan, Kementerian Pendidikan, Kementerian Dalam Negeri serta Kementerian Belia dan Sukan.

New media plays an important role in the development of a country. This study explores public relations, social media, Islamic work ethics and new media usage trends among public relations units of ministries in Malaysia. The results of the study use content analysis method on the Ministry of Malaysia's Followers Facebook, Twitter and Instagram accounts in October 2019. The results show three Ministries with the most followers are the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Domestic Affair and Ministry of Youth and Sports.
Forest Conservation Base on Religious Values:
Authors: Effendi M. Rachmat , Ahmad Nasir Malki
Published: August 2020

This study examines the religious reality of indigenous peoples in interacting with the natural environment (forest). The aim of this study is to form an alternative model of religious- based forest conservation in accordance with the character and reality of the life of indigenous/ rural communities. The approach used is a qualitative approach that is phenomenological, interpretative and ecological. The technique of data collection is done through participant observation and in-depth interviews and it is supported by a review of documents and literature, through the process of interpretation, critical evaluation, internal coherence, comparison, and heuristics, in the hope of providing an original concept of religious-based forest conservation models. The findings obtained from this study are: First, the diversity of the Indigenous People of Kampung Dukuh tends to be accommodative. Second, between religious values (Islam) and local traditional values interdependence (influence each other). Third, in the conservation of forests there is an ecological awareness that is placed on the foundation of Tauhid, worship, knowledge, khilafah, justice, beauty, and benefit. Thus giving rise to the theoretical implications of the Eco-Theology model, Eco-Ushul Fiqh, and Eco-sofi/ Tasawwuf.
العولمة وموقف الفكر الإسلامي المعاصر منها
Authors: Sheikh Abdisamad Najib , Sulaiman Ibrahim Fahad
Published: August 2020

يتناول هذا البحث نشأة مصطلح العولمة وانتشار تناوله بين المثقفين في العالم إلا أن ما يحيط به من غموض يكاد يكون هو المعبر عن المجالات التي تدور حوله. فبرغم الكم الهائل من الكتابات والمقالات والمؤتمرات والندوات العلمية التي تتناول هذا المفهوم في العالم إلا أنه من الصعوبة بمكان تحديد كل جوانب العولمة كعملية لها أبعاد وجوانب متعددة ومتشابكة ولا تقتصر على جانب واحد وإن كان في الغالب اقتصادي الهدف حيث تغيب عملياً الجوانب الأخرى السياسية والثقافية. وقد اتبعت هذه الدراسة المنهج الوصفي الذي يقوم  على عرض المشكلة ووصفها بطريقة معينة إلى جانب الاستعانه بالمنهج التحليلي الذي يوفر إطارًا لدراسة مشكلة البحث والتعرف على طبيعتها، ومن ثمّ تحديد أسبابها للوصول إلى نتائج محددة. ثمّ توصلت الدراسة إلى أن أهم تحديات العولمة الثقافية التي تواجه الفكر الإسلامي المعاصر، هو الاختراق الثقافي والغزو الفكري الذي يهدد الهوية الإسلامية.

This research deals with the emergence of the term globalization and its spread among intellectuals in the world, but the ambiguity surrounding it is almost the expression of the fields that revolve around it. Despite the huge amount of writings, articles, conferences and scientific symposia that address this concept in the world, it is difficult to define all aspects of globalization as a process that has multiple dimensions and intertwined aspects and is not limited to one side, although it is mostly an economic goal, where practically the other political and cultural aspects are absent. This study has followed the descriptive approach, which is based on presenting the problem and describing it in a specific way, in addition to the analytical approach that provides a framework for studying the research problem and identifying its nature, and then determining its reasons to reach specific results. The study concluded that the most important challenges of cultural globalization facing contemporary Islamic thought are cultural penetration and intellectual invasion that threatens Islamic identity.
العربيَّة لأغراض أكاديميَّة: دارسة تحليليَّة لاحتياجات الدارسين
Authors: Omar Zakaria , Kheir Abdullah Muhammad Adam , Ahmad Nordin
Published: August 2020

يسعى هذا البحث من خلال المنهج الوصفيِّ التَّحليليِّ إلى الوقوف على احتياجات الدَّارسين الماليزيين في تعلّم اللغة العربيَّة لأغراض أكاديمية. يحاول البحث الإجابة عن السؤال الآتي: ما المحتويات الملائمة لمساق "العربيَّة لأغراض أكاديمية"؟ وللإجابة عن هذا السؤال استخدم البحث استبانةً تحتوي على سؤال واحد مفتوح، يُطُلب من الدارسين الإجابة عنه في بداية الفصل الدراسيِّ، والسؤال هو: ماذا يريد الدارس أن يدرس من مساق "العربيَّة لأغراض أكاديمية"؟ توصَّل البحث إلى أنّ الطلاب يدرسون هذا المساق لحاجات مختلفة حسب الترتيب الآتي: كتابة المقال الجدلي بالطريقة الصحيحة، وكتابة البحث العلمي بالمنهج الصحيح، وتعزيز مهارة الكلام، وقراءة النحو العربي والصرف، وقراءة المقال وفهمه وتحليله.

This study was undertaken to investigate the needs of Malaysian learners in learning “Arabic for Academic Purposes (AAP)” course. The research attempts to answer the following question: What are the appropriate contents for the AAP course? To answer this question, the research used a questionnaire containing one open question. Students are asked to answer it at the beginning of the semester. The question is: What do you want to study from AAP course? The research found that the students study this course for different needs according to the following order: writing an argumentative essay, writing research with the correct method, enhancing speaking skill, reading Arabic grammar and reading and analyzing an essay.
The Role of the Initiator System in the Synthesis of Acidic Multifunctional Nanoparticles Designed for Molecular Imprinting of Proteins
Authors: Ahmed Marwa Aly , Erdőssy Júlia , Horváth Viola
Published: August 2020

Multifunctional nanoparticles have been shown earlier to bind certain proteins with high affinity and the binding affinity could be enhanced by molecular imprinting of the target protein. In this work different initiator systems were used and compared during the synthesis of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid-co-N-tert-butylacrylamide) nanoparticles with respect to their future applicability in molecular imprinting of lysozyme. The decomposition of ammonium persulfate initiator was initiated either thermally at 60 °C or by using redox activators, namely tetramethylethylenediamine or sodium bisulfite at low temperatures. Morphology differences in the resulting nanoparticles have been revealed using scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. During polymerization the conversion of each monomer was followed in time. Striking differences were demonstrated in the incorporation rate of acrylic acid between the tetramethylethylenediamine catalyzed initiation and the other systems. This led to a completely different nanoparticle microstructure the consequence of which was the distinctly lower lysozyme binding affinity. On the contrary, the use of sodium bisulfite activation resulted in similar nanoparticle structural homogeneity and protein binding affinity as the thermal initiation.
Investigation of the Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Three Sweet Pepper Cultivars (Capsicum annuum L.) at Different Development and Maturation Stages
Authors: Papathanasiou Theodoros , Gougoulias Nikolaos , Karayannis Vayos G. , Kamvoukou Christina-Anna
Published: August 2020

The aim of the current research was to investigate and compare the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of sweet pepper cultivars at different development and maturation stages, in order to optimize the beneficial effects. For that purpose, three important sweet pepper cultivars, namely Dolmy-F1, Yahoo-F1 and Florinis-NS-700, were cultivated in a greenhouse. Their total phenolic content, ascorbic acid content and antioxidant properties were assessed at different development and maturation stages. In the aforementioned cultivars, the total phenolic content ranged from 345.2 to 602.1, 404.9 to 794.5, and 795.7 to 2220.3 μg GAE g−1 FW respectively. The ascorbic acid content ranged from 236 to 957, 258 to 1157, and 410 to 1550 μg AA g−1 FW respectively. The highest antioxidant activity was noted at the red maturity stage. Particularly the cultivar Florinis NS 700 was found to possess higher total phenolic, flavonoid phenol, non-flavonoid phenol, ascorbic acid contents, and greater antioxidant capacity, compared to the other cultivars. The results of our study recommend the consumption of the sweet peppers at red maturity stage, for achieving the maximum health-beneficial effects.
Keefektifan Blended Learning dalam Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah (PBL) Terhadap Aktivitas Belajar Mahasiswa IKIP Mataram Pada Materi Pencemaran Lingkungan
Authors: Dewi Citra Ayu
Published: August 2020

Karakteristik materi pencemaran lingkungan yang tidak bisa lepas dari kehidupan manusia menuntut adanya suatu pembelajaran yang berkaitan dengan masalah nyata di kehidupan sehari-hari. Salah satu strategi yang dianggap efektif untuk diterapkan adalah strategi problem based learning, karena pembelajaran dimulai dengan masalah nyatadan untuk memberikan kesempatan belajar lebih banyak, mendiskusikan konsep yang menyeluruh, meningkatkan transfer belajar  dan pengalaman dalam memimpin belajar sendiri perlu adanya blended learning sehingga akan dapat meningkatkan proses berpikir kritis dan mengarah pada lingkungan belajar yang optimal. Pada penelitian ini telah membuktikan bahwa penerapan blended learningdalam PBL ternyata lebih efektif dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar mahasiswa dalam proses pembelajaran.
Kandungan Karotenoid Ubi Jalar Lokal (Ipomoea Batatas (L.) Lam) Sebagai Alternatif Sumber Pangan di Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: Qurniati Devi , Jayanti Ervina Titi
Published: August 2020

Ubi jalar mengandung karoten sebagai bahan utama pembentukan vitamin A setara dengan karoten yang terdapat pada wortel yang berfungsi sebagai senyawa antioksidan yang mampu menghalangi laju perusakan sel oleh radikal bebas dan juga mampu mencegah kanker. Di Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat ubi jalar telah lama dikonsumsi oleh sebagian besar masyarakat terutama yang ada di pedesaan. Akan tetapi karena kurangnya diversifikasi ubi jalar dan relatif rendahnya harga jual menjadikan tanaman ini  lama kelamaan kurang populer untuk dibudidayakan bagi para petani sehingga  produksinya terus mengalami penurunan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kadar karoten dalam ubi jalar. Uji karotenoid  dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Analitik Universitas Mataram. Lima jenis ubi jalar yang memiliki warna kulit dan warna umbi berbeda dipilih sebagai sampel dengan ulangan sebanyak 2 kali. Ubi jalar lokal yang diteliti memiliki rentang kandungan karotenoid antara 0,007-0,254 µg/100 gr yang dibagi menjadi 2 kategori yaitu Kategori 1 yang merupakan ubi jalar lokal dengan kandungan karotenoid rendah, dan Kategori 2 yang beranggotakan ubi jalar lokal dengan kandungan karotenoid yang tinggi. Dilihat dari kandungan karotenoidnya maka ubi jalar lokal dengan daging ubi berwarna kuning- oranye memilki kandungan karoten paling tinggi sehingga mempunyai potensi dalam meningkatkan asupan vitamin A.
Proses Penerapan Model Pembelajaran STAD dengan Media Alat Peraga Sederhana dan Media Flash terhadap Pemahaman Konsep Larutan Elektrolit dan Nonelektrolit Siswa Kelas X MAN Gerung
Authors: WANGI LALU LIAN HARI
Published: August 2020

Materi larutan elektrolit dan nonelektrolit merupakan salah satu materi yang dianggap sulit oleh siswa. Hal ini disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor: 1). Materi larutan elektrolit dan nonelektrolit memiliki level pemahaman pemahaman makroskopik, mikroskopik dan simbolik, 2). Metode pembelajaran yang kurang tepat dan kurangnya alat bantu mengajar berupa media pembelajaran. Salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi hal ini yaitu dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran STAD dengan media alat peraga sederhana dan media flash. Dengan penggunaan model STAD dapat membuat siswa lebih aktif. Untuk menjelaskan materi yang memiliki level pemahaman makroskopik digunakan media alat peraga, sedangkan untuk level mikroskopik dan simbolik mengunakan flash. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh proses penerapan model pembelajaran STAD dengan media alat peraga sederhana dan media flash terhadap pemahaman konsep siswa pada materi larutan elektrolit dan nonelektolit. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimen. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh kelas X MAN Gerung tahun pelajaran 2012/2013 yang berjumlah 115 siswa. Tehnik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah samplingpurposive sehingga diperoleh kelas XC sebagai kelas eksperimen yang diajarkan dengan model pembelajaran STAD dengan media alat peraga sederhana dan media flash dan XB sebagai kelas kontrol yang diajarkan dengan metode ceramah interaktif dengan media alat peraga sederhana dan media flash. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian: 1). Instrumen perlakuan (silabus, RPP, LKS, alat peraga sederhana dan media flash) 2). Instrumen pengukuran yaitu berupa lembar observasi untuk mengukur proses pembelajaran dan soal tes untuk mengukur pemahaman konsep. Dari hasil uji instrumen diperoleh soal yang valid 36 dan reabilitas 0.77 dengan kriteria sangat tinggi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa: 1). Keberlangsungan proses pembelajaran pada kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol sama-sama berlangsung dengan baik hal ini dibuktikan dengan persentase keterlaksanaan RPP 2 kali pertemuan, pada kelas eksperimen persentase keterlaksanaannya 68% dengan kriteria baik dan kelas kontrol persentase keterlaksanaannya 65% dengan kriteria baik. 2). Hasil  analisis data menunjukkan nilai zhitung lebih kecil dari ztabel (1,68>1,96),sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran model STAD dengan media alat peraga sederhana dan media flash tidak berpengaruh positif pada pemahaman konsep larutan elektrolit dan nonelektrolit.
Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran “Monosimpur” (Monopoli Sistem Periodik Unsur-Unsur) Melalui Strategi Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Team Game Tournament (Suatu Upaya Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar Kimia Sma Di Kelas X)
Authors: Ardiansyah Bakhtiar
Published: August 2020

Karya tulis ini disajikan bertujuan untuk member informasi kepada guru SMA khususnya mata pelajaran Kimia dalam upaya mengembangkan pembelajaran kimia melalui strategi pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT dengan menggunakan media  pembelajaran Monosimpur (Monopoli Sistem Periodik Unsur-Unsur). Ide yang  disajikan dalam karya tulis ini agar  dapat diaplikasikan dalam pembelajaran dan dapat dikembangkan berdasarkan kebutuhan masing-masing.
Pengaruh Pembelajaran TGT Berbantuan Media Domino Terhadap Minat Dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Materi Stuktur Atom
Authors: Wahyuni Asri , Suryati Suryati , Dewi Citra Ayu
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran TGT dengan media Domino terhadap minat dan hasil belajar siswa pada materi struktur atom. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis eksperimen semu dengan desain penelitian “Posttest-Only Control Design”. Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik cluster random sampling dan didapatkan kelas X IPA 1 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan X IPA 2 sebagai kelas kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : 1) minat belajar kelas eksperimen sebesar 77% sedangkan kelas kontrol sebesar 76%. 2) Hasil belajar siswa pada ranah kognitif kelas eksperimen diperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 75 dengan ketuntasan klasikal sebesar 67% sedangkan nilai rata-rata kelas kontrol sebesar 71 dengan ketuntasan klasikal sebesar 50%. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian hipotesis didapatkan nilai signifikan sebesar 0,093 > 0,05 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar antara kelas eksperimen dengan kelas kontrol pada materi struktur atom.
Pengaruh Ukuran Serbuk Pada Aktivasi Tanah Liat Dari Tanak Awu Terhadap Daya Adsorpsinya Pada Pemurnian Minyak Goreng Bekas
Authors: Nufida Baiq Asma , Kurnia Nova , Kurniasih Yeti
Published: August 2020

This research was aimed to get the effect of particel size of activated natural clay from Tanak Awu to their adsorption capacity for increase reused cooking oil quality. At previous research we done the activation of natural clay using acid (HCl) and got an optimal concentration of acid at 1 molar. Natural clay was grinding until particel size at 50 mesh, 60 mesh and 100 mesh then it was characterized in specific surface area by methylen blue methods and also acidity surface by acid base titration. Then activated natural clay was applied for purifying reused cooking oil by analyzing water content, acid number and peroxide number. The result showed that there are the effect of particel size of natural clay to acidity surface and specific surface area. While the adsorption capacity of natural clay on purifying reused cooking oil got that optimal particel size of activated natural clay at 60 mesh which getting the decrease of water content, acid number and peroxide number by following reach was 89,13%, 58,61% and 60,52%.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Solving Dengan Pendekatan Saintifik Terhadap Keterampilan Proses Sains Dan Pemahaman Konsep Siswa Pada Materi Hidrolisis Garam
Authors: Ilyana Nia , Khaeruman Khaeruman , Hulyadi Hulyadi
Published: August 2020

Rendahnya keterampilan proses sains pada mata pelajaran kimia berdampak pada rendahnya pemahaman konsep kimia siswa. Hidrolisis garam merupakan salah satu materi kimia yang dianggap sulit oleh siswa karena  memiliki karakteristik yang abstrak sehingga membutuhkan kemampuan berpikir tinggi untuk memahaminya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran problem solving dengan pendekatan saintifik terhadap keterampilan proses sains dan pemahaman konsep  siswa pada materi hidrolisis garam. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimental dengan sampel sebanyak dua kelas, teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara cluster random sampling. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan terdiri dari lembar observasi keterampilan proses sains yang dianalisis secara deskriptif dan soal tes objektif beralasan yang dianalisis secara statistik. Hasil analisis keterampilan proses sains pada kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelas kontrol dengan rata-rata nilai 78,97 > 77,36. Sedangkan hasil analisis pemahaman konsep pada kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dari kelas kontrol dengan rata-rata nilai masing-masing sebesar 79 dan 70. Berdasarkan hasil uji one way anova diperoleh F hitung sebesar 5,07 karena F hitung > F tabel (5,07 > 4,06) maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran problem solving dengan pendekatan saintifik berpengaruh terhadap keterampilan proses sains dan pemahaman konsep siswa pada materi hidrolisis garam.