bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RIGHTS OF PRISONERS UNDER THE INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW: A CASE STUDY OF THE PALESTINIAN PRISONERS IN ISRAELI PRISON
Authors: Hamza Salman  , Noor Shuhadawati Binti Mohamad Amin
Published: February 2022

The Israeli occupation of Palestine has triggered several forms of Palestinian resistance, resulting in the detainment of Palestinians through Israel systematic policies which destroy the will of the Palestinians. This has made the issue of prisoners one of the most important concerns that the Palestinians continue to endure in their daily lives. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the role of international humanitarian law (IHL) in protecting prisoners. It also discusses the rights granted to prisoners by international treaties and conventions and Israel’s application of the rules of IHL to Palestinian prisoners. This research is based on doctrinal and qualitative methods using the sources of IHL about prisoners’ rights. This study also discusses the violations committed by the Israeli occupation against Palestinian prisoners, which are the inhuman treatment they are subjected to, and the passage of a group of laws that violate the rights of Palestinian prisoners. The study concludes that Israel denies Palestinians the rights as prisoners of war, describing them as illegal combatants, and claims that the convention does not apply to the occupied Palestinian territories although IHL under the Geneva Convention includes members of the resistance and organised armed forces. As a result, prisoners from the Palestinian resistance can be considered prisoners of war.
PATENTS AND GENETIC ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGIES: A REVIEW OF JUDICIAL DECISIONS
Authors: Rahman Sharifa Sayma
Published: February 2022

Different classes of people have raised moral objections on a number of times against granting patents on living organisms. There has been a recent focus on patents partly because the corporate world is only concerned with economic returns and the market prospect of a genetic product. The purpose of this article is to revisit the debate on the patent of genetic engineering technologies and provide partial recommendations on rationalising patent protection while mitigating moral arguments. This article re-examines the intellectual property frameworks as well as case laws regarding biological materials in selected countries i.e., Europe, the United States of America, Australia, Malaysia, and under international agreements such as the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). This article is based on primary as well as secondary materials that have been written on the patent of life forms and genetic research. There is an inconsistency between philosophical principles and the implementation of biotechnology patents due to the existing economic, political, and ideological conditions among countries, along with existing divergences in the field of genetically engineered technologies. Hence, during such circumstances, the most coherent position is to proceed with vigilance as it is not possible to shut down bio-industrialisation. One such vigilant pathway in the presence of contemporary evidence to minimise commercialisation of life science creations. Patents of genetically engineered products should be strictly monitored to fulfil commitment towards international human rights, which is to provide reasonably priced healthcare and medical treatment.
Estado de la informaciÃ³n en 2021: noticias sobre documentaciÃ³n, bibliotecas, internet, contenidos digitales y comunicaciÃ³n cientÃ­fica
Authors: Baiget TomÃ s
Published: February 2022

RecopilaciÃ³n de las principales efemÃ©rides y noticias espaÃ±olas e internacionales producidas durante 2021 sobre documentaciÃ³n, bibliotecas, internet, contenidos digitales y comunicaciÃ³n cientÃ­fica. Las notas han sodo identificadas y/o redactadas por profesionales y acadÃ©micos pertenecientes en su mayorÃ­a a los consejos cientÃ­ficos y editoriales del Anuario ThinkEPI y de la revista Profesional de la informaciÃ³n.
Kualitas Hidroksiapatit dan Diammonium Hidrogen Fosfat Sebagai Bahan Pembuatan Bonegraft
Authors: Agus Agusriyadin
Published: February 2022

Hidroksiapatit, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 adalah mineral utama penyusun tulang dan gigi. Material pengganti tulang yang tersusun atas hidroksiapatit, telah digunakan secara luas untuk aplikasi biomedis seperti di bidang periodontologi dan ortopedi. Hidroksiapatit dapat disintesis menggunakan bahan sintetis dan dapat pula diekstraksi dari  hewan laut atau disebut juga sumber biogenik. Biogenik antara lain bersumber dari koral, sponges, dan mollusca. Acropora adalah salah satu genus karang yang memiliki tingkat ketahanan hidup yang besar dan kecepatan pertumbuhan yang tinggi. Jenis ini memiliki sebaran yang cukup banyak di Indonesia pada umumnya dan di Sulawesi Tenggara khususnya di daerah kawasan pesisir Kabupaten Kolaka. Kelebihan Acropora ini bersifat oportunistik dan dapat bertahan pada tekanan alam seperti pemanasan dan siltasi. Disamping itu, karang bercabang ini dapat menghasilkan karbonat yang sangat tinggi. Berdasarkan fakta tersebut peneliti tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian mengenai kualitas hidroksiapatit Acropora berdasarkan variasi rasio Precipitated Calcium Carbonate dan diammonium hidrogen fosfat sebagai bahan pembuatan bonegraft/transplantasi tulang. Sintesis hidroksiapatit dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode hidrotermal. Metode ini memungkinkan proses pembentukan material yang dapat diproses lebih lanjut, sehingga terbentuk padatan kristal tunggal, partikel murni atau nano-partikel hidroksiapatit. Pada penelitian ini juga akan dilakukan sintesis hidroksiapatit dari Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) terumbu karang melalui proses hidrotermal dengan variasi rasio Ca/P yaitu 1,57, 1,67, dan 1,77.

Sintesis hidroksi apatit akan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode hidrotermal. Metode ini memungkinkan proses pembentukan material yang dapat diproses lebih lanjut, sehingga terbentuk padatan kristal tunggal, partikel murni atau nano-partikel hidroksiapatit. Pada penelitian ini juga akan dilakukan sintesis hidroksiapatit dari Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) terumbu karang melalui proses hidrotermal dengan variasi rasio Ca/P yaitu 1,57, 1,67, dan 1,77.
Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran e-Learning Berbasis Web untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA Siswa Kelas VII
Authors: Sardiana Sari Rina , Gede Purwana Edi Saputra I , Iqbal Saman Muhammad
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mendeskripsikan  gambaran hasil pre-test siswa kelas eksperimen dan siswa kelas kontrol pada materi pokok suhu dan perubahannya, (2) mendeskripsikan gambaran hasil post-test siswa kelas eksperimen dan siswa kelas kontrol pada materi pokok suhu dan perubahannya, (3) menentukan ada tidaknya perbedaan yang signifikan antara skor rata-rata hasil pre-test siswa kelas eksperimen dengan skor rata-rata hasil pre-test siswa kelas kontrol pada materi pokok suhu dan perubahannya, (4) menentukan bahwa skor rata-rata hasil post-test siswa kelas eksperimen lebih baik secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan skor rata-rata hasil post-test kelas kontrol pada materi pokok suhu dan perubahannya, serta (5) menentukan bahwa skor rata-rata gain (peningkatan) hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas eksperimen lebih baik secara signifikan dbandingkan dengan skor rata-rata gain (peningkatan) hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas kontrol pada materi pokok suhu dan perubahannya. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian eksperimen kuasi. Subjek uji coba dalam penelitian ini meliputi peserta didik kelas VII SMP Negeri 4 Kendari. Data dikumpulkan melalui lembar observasi aktivitas pembelajaran dan tes hasil belajar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) gambaran hasil pre-test siswa kelas eksperimen pada materi pokok suhu dan perubahannya yaitu diperoleh skor maksimum 43, skor minimum 14, skor rata-rata 24,7 dan standar deviasi 6,89, sedangkan pada kelas kontrol yaitu diperoleh skor maksimum 40, skor minimum 17, skor rata-rata 27,64 dan standar deviasi 6,15, (2) gambaran hasil post-test siswa kelas eksperimen pada materi pokok suhu dan perubahannya yaitu diperoleh skor maksimum 86, skor minimum 51, skor rata-rata 62,86 dan standar deviasi 7,18, sedangkan pada kelas kontrol yaitu diperoleh skor maksimum 63, skor minimum 40, skor rata-rata 50,29 dan standar deviasi 5,89, (3) tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara skor rata-rata hasil pre-test siswa kelas eksperimen dengan skor rata-rata hasil pre-test siswa kelas kontrol pada materi pokok suhu dan perubahannya, (4) skor rata-rata hasil post-test siswa kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi secara signifikan daripada skor rata-rata hasil post-test siswa kelas kontrol pada materi pokok suhu dan perubahannya, (5) skor rata-rata gain (peningkatan) hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi secara signifikan daripada skor rata-rata gain (peningkatan) hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas kontrol pada materi pokok suhu dan perubahnnya, yang ditunjukkan  oleh skor rata-rata gain kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol yaitu sebesar 0,5 dan 0,31.
Economic Sustainability and CO2 Emission in Pakistan: Revisiting the EKC Hypothesis
Authors: Minhajuddin  , Sumaira  , Gul Brekhana
Published: February 2022

he public concern over the environmental degradation has received an increasing interest of the researchers in the last few decades. This paper intends to scrutinize the EKC hypothesis within the framework of the ARDL model over the period of 1976-2020. Along with ECM, different types of appropriate tests are also carried for the purpose of diagnosing the data and recognizing the pattern of causality. Findings reveal that growth in GDP per capita deteriorates the carbon emission at the initial stages of development but as economy grows it then helps in improving the quality of the environment. For environmental sustainability, the required level of growth threshold is calculated to be 4.61 Percent. This study also finds one-way causality running from GDP and energy consumption to CO2. Findings suggest that policymakers should concentrate on enhancing the consumption of renewable energies, implementing carbon-cutting policies in industries, and boosting the level of per capita income.
DISINTEGRATION OF ORE-BEARING ROCKS AND ITS EFFECT ON THE CONTENT OF CONSTITUENT COMPONENTS
Authors:   Kyrgyz State University of Geology, Mining and Natural Resources Exploitation named after Academician U.Asanaliev, Kyrgyz Republic, Toktosunova Batma , Abdibaitov Sharabidin ,   KyrgyKyrgyz State University of Geology, Mining and Natural Resources Exploitation named after Academician U.Asanaliev, Kyrgyz Republicf Geology, Mining and Natural Resources Exploitation named after Academician U.Asanaliev, Kyrgyz Republic, Kushnazarova Sapargul ,   State Enterprise "Kyrgyzgeologiya", Kyrgyz Republic, Tutasheva Akbermet ,   Kyrgyz State University of Geology, Mining and Natural Resources Exploitation named after Academician U.Asanaliev, Kyrgyz Republic, Kozhogulov Marsel ,   Kyrgyz State University of Geology, Mining and Natural Resources Exploitation named after Academician U.Asanaliev, Kyrgyz Republic
Published: February 2022

In this paper we have studied, analyzed, summarized scientific information on the black-shale formation of the Saryjaz area, determined the chemical composition of initial samples, and ore-bearing minerals broken down into different sizes and evaluated their constituent components. Separated magnetically susceptible from magnetically unsusceptible components of raw materials brought from the three points of the coordinates of the deposit and derived their percentage ratio. The size of dispersed particles was determined on a scanning electron microscope (SEM), 469 and the morphological structure of the mineral and the influence of the size of dispersed particles on the enrichment of useful components was studied by it. The purpose of the work: Study of the influence of the size of dispersed particles on the manifestation of useful components in the composition of ore-bearing rocks of the Saryjaz area black shale formation. The influence of dispersion of particles on the increase in the quantitative content of useful components in the composition of ore minerals was established. It is shown that in a finely divided sample, the yield of the quantitative content of noble metals is several times higher compared to the control one.
POSSIBILITIES OF USING ALKALINE EARTH BENTONITE CLAYS OF CHERKASY DEPOSIT IN PELLET PRODUCTION PROCESSES
Authors:   State University of Economics and Technology, Ukraine, Zhuravlev Felix , Chuprinov Evhen ,   State University of Economics and Technology, Ukraine, Tarakanov Arkadiy ,   Ukrainian State University of Science and Technology, Ukraine, Kassim Daria ,   State University of Economics and Technology, Ukraine, Lyakhova Iryna ,   State University of Economics and Technology, Ukraine
Published: February 2022

Objective: to analyze and determine the potential of alkaline earth bentonite clays of Ukraine for use as a binder in the production of iron ore pellets. Methods: performing rheological studies of bentonite clay samples and their chemical analysis, electron microscopic studies of samples. Results: the analysis of the chemical composition and requirements for the rheological characteristics of bentonite clays used in the production of iron ore pellets at metallurgical enterprises of Russia and Ukraine is carried out. The swelling indicators and water absorption of monoionic forms of bentonites of some deposits in water of different hardness are given. The quality of pellets with bentonites, that have a different exchange complex, during an industrial water of various hardness usage is examined. The analysis of the mineralogical and chemical composition, as well as the size and composition of the exchange complex of alkaline-earth bentonite clays of the Cherkasy deposit (Ukraine), which has the largest reserves of such clays in the CIS is carried out. It is shown that clays suitable for the production of pellets are located near the surface of the earth. A comparative analysis of the strength characteristics of pellets using bentonites with an alkaline and alkaline-earth exchange complex is presented. 484 Comparative tests of pelletizing of charges with different humidity and with the addition of 0.5% alkaline bentonite and a mixture of clays of the IV and II layers of the Cherkasy deposit have been carried out. It is shown that with increasing humidity in granules with both types of binders, the dynamic strength, porosity and temperature of the “impact” of granules increase with a minimum difference in the absolute values of indicators with different binders
Is Sustainability a Pattern of Solution in a Functional State Space?
Authors: Williams Andy E
Published: February 2022

Human-Centric Functional Modeling has been proposed as a universal approach towards defining representations of the behavior of systems in terms of “functional state spaces”. Such descriptions are hypothesized to be complete in terms of having the capacity to represent all the behavior the system is capable of displaying. This paper provides a brief exploration of Human-Centric Functional Modeling, how it might be used to model the behavior of the cognitive system in terms of a functional state space, and how cognitive complexity might be defined as a property in this functional state space of the cognitive system. Assuming that functional state spaces can be defined for other systems as well, this paper explores the questions that must be asked in considering whether this hypothetical expression for complexity in the functional state space of the cognitive system systems represents a general pattern for defining complexity in any functional state space, and whether complexity is therefore a well-defined property of the functional state space of any system.
A CHILD WITH FITS: A CASE REPORT FOR PBL
Authors: Mohamed Wael MY
Published: February 2022

This is a case report for a child with seizures. It is presented as a PBL for teaching purposes in Medical School for Undergraduate Medical Students
An Application of the Hardy-Ramanujan Theorem
Authors: Kamalu Chukwunyere
Published: February 2022

This paper attempts to answer the riddle of why Ω(m), the sum of the exponents of the prime decomposition of m = (2x-2)(2x-3)(2x-5) …(2x-qb) [where qb is the bth prime and b = π(x), the number of primes not exceeding x], always appears to lie in the region of 2π(x), where π(x) is the number of primes not exceeding x. It turns out that an application of the Hardy Ramanujan Theorem shows Ω(m) is almost always exceeded by 2π(x), which has the logical implication the Goldbach’s Conjecture is “almost always true”.
A platform for developing student competence: a look at the online Korean classroom
Authors:   Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, South Korea, LEE Vivian
Published: February 2022

This paper looks at the online undergraduate classroom in a South Korean context. Due to the prolonged COVID 19 pandemic, educational institutions around the world have adapted to online learning for course delivery. In addition, recent years have seen an increase in attention to multimodality, and according to Stein (2000), an array of resources including language and other modes, such as gesture, sound, images, textures, and silences should be used when making meaning. Multimodality can play an important part in developing L2 learners’ awareness and sensitivity to language and meaning, for increased effective communication. The current study looks at the undergraduate learner in an online, multimodal classroom context. Students met online through Zoom weekly for their classes and participated in online discussions with the lecturer and their fellow peers. Results indicate L2 learners’ heightened awareness to both linguistic and multimodal aspects developed through the online learning platform. The details of the class and overall design will be outlined in the paper, as will examples and data excerpts. While the current study was based in a South Korean undergraduate classroom, the pedagogical method can be easily applied across different contexts and adapted to suit various classrooms and needs.
A (not so) distant mirror: Koreans’ opinions about the impact of Korean culture in Romania
Authors:   University of Bucharest, MARINESCU Valentina
Published: February 2022

The present paper aimed to identify the ways in which the members of the Korean diaspora in Romania assessed the Romanian economy and society. The research project used the method of interview applied on a sample of seven Koreans settled in Romania. As the analysis showed, the image of the Romanian economy and society among members of Korean diaspora in Romania is a balanced one. It contains both positive and negative elements. ‘Respect’ was the main value that was assessed as important to be ‘exported’ from South Korea to Romania. Mass media were recognised as the main ‘vehicles’ for the introduction of South Korean popular culture. The success of Hallyu also had a positive influence on the economic relation between Romania and South Korea.
Korean movies: from the survival of the old heritage to the modernized tradition
Authors:   Babeș-Bolyai University, SUCIU Marian
Published: February 2022

Generally, the younger generations tend to rapidly embrace new subcultures and trends, weakening the role of traditions. Such is the case of Korea in the last hundred years, as Koreans have had to adapt to various new influences, and the old traditions were either maintained with great effort or adapted to new situations. The “Korean Wave”, which is not only the promotion of Korean pop music, but also of Korean movies and television series, reflects this continuous process by shining a spotlight on both the old traditions and the new trends of the Korean society. The survival of the Korean traditions is portrayed in the movie “Seopyeonje” (1993), directed by Im Kwon-taek, which follows two teenagers, who were taught pansori by their stepfather, as they strive to survive as pansori singers in a society where Western songs are more appealing. Conversely, the movie “Love, Lies” (2016), directed by Park Heung-sik, showcases why the old way of singing will become less appreciated, as the new Korean pop music gains more and more popularity. While the former shows how traditions might be lost, the latter offers a popular solution to the problem of preserving traditions, using Homi Bhabha’s (2004) hybridity theory.
The influence of psychotraumatic factors in childhood and adolescence on the life paradigm (review)
Authors:   Yaroslavl State Medical University, GANUZIN V. M.
Published: February 2022

The article examines the influence of the school environment and the pedagogical process on the mental and physical health of schoolchildren. An overview of the modern Russian and foreign research on ensuring the psychological safety of the educational environment is given. The issues of psychological safety of the school climate, didactogeny, pedagogical violence, bullying, victimization, suicidal situations and the factors contributing to their occurrence are considered.
Chronic heart failure associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in elderly and senile patients: clinical parallels
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, GAZIZYANOVA V. M. , BULASHOVA O. V. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: February 2022

In recent decades, the leading trend in the development of modern society is the aging of the population, as well as an increase in the proportion of elderly and senile people. Aging has a significant impact on the clinical characteristics, course and prognosis of diseases, changes the management tactics and treatment standards. As a rule, these patients are highly comorbid, which must be taken into account in terms of pharmacotherapy of the underlying and competing diseases. The purpose was to study the clinical characteristics of elderly and senile patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) in association with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Material and methods. The study included 104 patients with CHF, mainly of ischemic etiology, in combination with COPD, who were divided into 3 groups: 1 — younger than 60 years old, 2 — 60–79 years old, 3 — over 80 years old. To verify the clinical condition, the following studies were carried out: a 6-minute walk test, an assessment on the clinical condition scale, spirometry, echocardiography (Echo-KG), and an assessment of the quality of life according to the Minnesota questionnaire. Results. Patients older than 80 years old differed from those younger than 60 years old by high scores on assessment scale (p = 0,038), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), (p = 0,007), and low heart rate (р = 0,021). The echocardiography parameters of patients over 80 years old were characterized by low values ​​of systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery (PAP) and end diastolic size (EDS) in comparison with those under 60 years of age (p = 0,004 and p = 0,038). When studying the respiratory function, it was noted that in patients with CHF in combination with COPD, the forced expiratory volume in the first second decreases with increasing age (FEV10 and functional vital capacity of the lungs (FVC), as well as Tiffno index. Conclusion. The study results demonstrated that the clinical profile of a patient with CHF in combination with COPD differs depending on age, which requires an integral approach to patient management tactics and stratification of the risk of adverse events.
Complications of thyrostatic treatment of Graves disease
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, VALEEVA F. V. , KRASIL’NIKOV D. M. ,   Kazan State Medical University, BAREEVA L. T. ,   Republic Clinical Hospital, SHAKULO A. V. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: February 2022

In the recent decades the most acute issues are those of the timely diagnostics, development and introduction of prophylactics and treatment methods for complications which are associated with the intolerance of drugs used to normalize the thyroid gland function in thyrotoxicosis. The need to solve these problems is due to the frequency and severity of the disease course, requiring the use of radical treatment methods. This review provides the information about the side effects and complications of thyrostatic therapy.
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders in the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors:   Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch Campus of the FSBEI FPE RMACPE MOH Russia, KHABIROV F. A. , KHAIBULLIN T. I. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch Campus of the FSBEI FPE RMACPE MOH Russia, GRANATOV E. V. ,   Republican Clinical Neurological Centre, RAHMATULLINA E. F. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch Campus of the FSBEI FPE RMACPE MOH Russia, SHIKHOVA V. A. ,   Republican Clinical Neurological Centre, YAKUPOV M. A. ,   Republican Clinical Neurological Centre, KHAIBULLINA A. R. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch Campus of the FSBEI FPE RMACPE MOH Russia
Published: February 2022

The purpose — to study the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) in the Republic of Tatarstan (RT). Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the patients with NMOSD (according to 2015 diagnostic criteria), observed in our Centre in 2017–2021 (n = 35), was carried out. The parameters analyzed were demographic features, age of the disease onset, first clinical manifestations and course of disease, anti-AQP4 serum status, disease modifying therapy, and EDSS on baseline and follow up visits. Results and conclusions. We found that the prevalence of NMOSD in RT in 2021 was 0.9/100,000, the averaged (for 2017–2020) incidence was 0.83/1,000,000 per year. Among 35 patients (average age 43,4 (12,7) years old), 24 (69%) were female and 11 (31%) were male. The most common clinical manifestations at onset included optical neuritis and/or myelitis (94%). Most cases (83%) had relapsing course. Positive anti-AQP4 serum status was revealed in 49% of patients. The probably monophasic disease (n = 6) was observed predominantly in anti-AQP4 negative patients (5 vs. 1). DMT was prescribed to all patients with relapsing NMOSD, the most commonly used agents included corticosteroids, azathioprine and mitoxantron (49, 20, and 11% accordingly). The rate of remission rate for all DMT varied from 35 to 57%. Ultimately all patients with relapsing NMOSD showed EDSS increase over the follow-up period, which was more prominent among anti-AQP4 positive patients (from 3,8 to 5,4 over 4,4 (3,3) years, compared to 2,9 to 3,8 over 4,0 (3,0) years accordingly).
Analysis of clinical сases of anaphylaxis in children
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, KHAKIMOVA R. F. , ZAYNETDINOVA G. M. ,   Children’s Republican Clinical Hospital, KURMAEVA N. SH. ,   Kazan State Medical University, SEREBRYAKOVA О. А. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: February 2022

Anaphylaxis is an acute life-threatening systemic reaction. The relevance of anaphylaxis in children, especially babies, is related to various clinical symptoms involving multiple organs and systems, particularly gastrointestinal system. The purpose is a comparative analysis of 8 anaphylaxis cases in children. Results. The clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis could be observed among patients in different age groups. Food allergy is the major elicitor of anaphylaxis in children. Anaphylaxis due to the cross-reactivity between pollen and food allergens is more frequent in children aged 6 to 9 years, whereas drugs and immunobiological preparations (vaccines) are the most leading triggers in adolescents. However, anaphylaxis in children is often under-diagnosed nowadays.
Intrafamily COVID-19 case
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, KHALIULLINA S. V. , ANOKHIN V. A. ,   Kazan State Medical University, GALIULLINA M. SH. ,   Republican Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases named after A.F. Agafonov, SALAKHOVA K. R. ,   Kazan State Medical University, KISLICYNA A. D. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: February 2022

The incidence of COVID-19 is growing worldwide, despite the enormous efforts made by the health authorities, scientific medical community, and medical practitioners. Since the disease is «new», the results of any research related to the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, prevention of the disease, and even individual interesting clinical cases are important. We present an intrafamilial case of SARS-CoV-2 infection in three generations of the same family. Of interest, in this case, are the features of the clinical symptoms of COVID-19 when infected with one virus, in almost the same living conditions, but in different age groups. Three patients (the youngest in the family) had a mild infection, one in a moderate form, and two (the oldest generation) in a severe one; their response to pathogenetic therapy was different. Our clinical example once again demonstrates the heterogeneity of the clinical picture of the new coronavirus infection, even in identical living conditions and a single source of infection. Knowledge of risk factors, correct interpretation of the results of laboratory and instrumental studies, an integrated approach to treatment should increase the therapy effectiveness in such patients.
Approaches to the development of specialized flour confectionery products for nutrition of pregnant and lactating women
Authors:   K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (The First Cossack University), Ivanova N.G. , Nikitin I.A. ,   K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (The First Cossack University), Terekhova A.A. ,   Moscow State University of Technologies and Management named after K. G. Razumovskiy (The first Cossack University), Volga Cossack Institute of management and food technologies (branch), Dimitrovgrad
Published: February 2022

The article presents the results of research on the development of an assortment of flour confectionery products recommended for the nutrition of pregnant and lactating women. During the research, the methods of trial laboratory baking were used, followed by the evaluation of the obtained samples according to organoleptic and physico-chemical quality indicators using standard techniques. Studies have shown the possibility of using non-traditional raw materials (amaranth, barley and chickpea flour, fruit and vegetable puree, Jerusalem artichoke fiber) that contribute to increasing the nutritional value of flour confectionery products. The use of Jerusalem artichoke syrup and date syrup allows you to reduce the prescription amount of sugar without deterioration of organoleptic and physico-chemical quality indicators. The use of additional raw materials also improves the consumer properties of products, giving the products new shades of taste and aroma. The prototypes of the products met the requirements of the regulatory documentation. The developed flour confectionery products are characterized by increased nutritional value. The consumption of 100 g of products covers the daily need of pregnant and lactating women of more than 15% in protein and phosphorus (baklava «Zhemchuzhina»), dietary fiber (pastry «Isida»), or iodine and iron (cupcake «Zimnij vitamin»). The products are also enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins B, A, E, D, C and minerals – calcium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus. Developed butter cookies, oriental flour sweets and cupcakes can be included in the diet of pregnant and lactating women, as well as people who adhere to a healthy lifestyle. Scientific novelty is confirmed by patents of the Russian Federation № 2751211 «Method for producing butter biscuits», №­2749917 «Method for making flour based oriental sweets», № 2756531 «Cupcake production method», №2756529 «Cupcake production method».
Investigation of the influence of soybean okara on the quality of waffle cups
Authors:   Orel State Agrarian University named after N.V. Parakhin, Berezina N.А. , Kunitsyna Т.О. ,   Orel State University named after I. S. Turgenev, Samofalova L.A. ,   Federal Scientic Center Of Legumes and Groat Crops
Published: February 2022

The enrichment of recipes for products containing only refined raw materials, such as waffle cups for ice-cream, is a modern trend in relation to such products. The use of soy okara in wet and dried form for these purposes allows us to unlock the potential of this raw material as an improver of the quality of waffle products. In the recipe of the cups, soy okara was introduced instead of flour dry matter in an amount of 10–30% i increments of 5%. In the waffle test, the mass fraction of moisture and spreadability were determined, in finished products – the mass fraction of moisture and wetness. It was found that the use of wet and dry soy okara instead of flour dry matter in the formulations of waffle cups for ice cream can increase the moisture content of the dough by 2,3–4,9% and 3,6–8,8% and reduce its spreadability by 2–13 mm and 2–7 mm, respectively. In ready-made waffle cups, the introduction of wet and dry soy okara contributes to an increase in the mass fraction of moisture by 0,1–0,4% and 0,1–0,9%, a decrease in wetness by 2–22% and 2–15%, respectively, compared with the control sample. According to the totality of indicators, a rational dosage of wet and dry soy okara instead of flour dry matter in the formulations of waffle cups, 15% wet soy okara and 20% dry soy okara are accepted. At the same time, the wetness of finished products is reduced by 5–6%, which will positively affect the consumer properties of finished products when stored with ice cream.
Rye is a natural source of albumins and globulins that stimulate immunity
Authors:   Siberian branch of the V.M. Gorbatov Federal scientific center for Food systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk), Scriabin V.A. , Saboiev I.A. ,   Siberian branch of the V.M. Gorbatov Federal scientific center for Food systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk), Chirkin A.P. ,   Siberian branch of the V.M. Gorbatov Federal scientific center for Food systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk), Nosenko N. A. ,   Siberian Federal Scientific Center for agrobiotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: February 2022

This article is a combination of the results of an analytical review of the literature and our own research devoted to the study of the nutritional and biological value of rye grain. It is noted that in the structure of rye grain proteins, albumin and globulins occupy 55%, which is 3 times more than in wheat proteins. They are located in the aleurone layer and in the germ of rye grain, possess unique properties superior to wheat grains. Based on the analysis of scientific research data and statistics on the consumption of rye bread by the population of Russia. It was concluded that rye grain proteins, albumins and globulins, have a close functional relationship with albumins, globulins, human blood proteins. The conducted research confirms the original combination of biological, nutritional and functional properties of rye grain proteins, making them important and irreplaceable food products (including bread) for mass consumption and increasing immunity.
Eskalasi Daya Saing Usaha Kelompok Wanita Tani Jawa Timur di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0 dengan Model Standardisasi Produk
Authors: Rinurwati Rinurwati , Widiana Muslichah Erma , Widyaningrum Mahmudah Enny , Widyaswari Meidyta Sinantryana
Published: February 2022

Daya saing merupakan hal yang sangat penting untuk dimiliki produk di setiap daerah bahkan di setiap negara. Tingginya daya saing suatu negara akan berimplikasi pada peningkatan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Juga digunakan sebagai alat untuk mendapatkan akses pasar yang lebih luas serta mendorong pertumbuhan dalam meningkatkan kemakmuran disetiap daerah. Dalam hal peningkatan daya saing, produk Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT) harus memiliki standar mutu yang sesuai dengan keinginan pelanggan. Untuk itu KWT harus memiliki sistem manajemen mutu untuk memastikan kualitas produk yang dihasilkan sesuai dengan keinginan pelanggan agar mampu bersaing ditengah era revolusi industry 4.0. Pengabdian masyarakat memiliki tujuan kemampuan KWT untuk dapat bersaing dari pesaingnya dalam merebut perhatian loyalitas konsumen, memperoleh laba yang berkelanjutan dan mempertahankan pasar. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut digunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan melibatkan berbagai disiplin ilmu yaitu statistika dan ekonomi manajemen. Secara makro memberikan manfaat bagi kelompok wanita yang memiliki usaha memanfaatkan potensi daerahnya dan produk unggulan daerah semakin tercipta dengan kualitas tinggi. Pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan secara bertahap yaitu 1). melakukan pendekatan kualitatif yang difokuskan pada upaya mengidentifikasi faktor standarisasi produk KWT di Jatim. 2). melakukan pengujian model faktor standarisasi produk KWT di Jatim. 3). penerapan model pada kelompok usaha wanita lain serta dinas yang terkait.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor Attenuates the Severity of Status Epilepticus in Kainic Acid-induced Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy by Targeting Apoptosis and Astrogliosis
Authors:   Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Haghani Sobhan , Jamali-Raeufy Nida ,   Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Zeinivand Motahareh ,   Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Mehrabi Soraya ,   Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Although pharmacotherapy is the most common treatment for epilepsy, proper seizure control is not achieved with current medications. This study evaluated the protective effects of the Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) in a rat model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) and explored possible molecular mechanisms. Methods: A TLE rat model was determined using an intra-hippocampal kainic acid injection (4 μg). Intra-cerebrovascular injection of HGF (6 μg) was performed 30 min before kainic acid injection. Learning and memory impairment were investigated by behavioral tests. The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent (ELISA) was used to determine astrogliosis and DNA fragmentation. Changes in neuronal density and mossy fiber sprouting were evaluated by Nissl and Timm staining, respectively. Results: Behavioral assessments indicated that kainate-treated rats presented spontaneous seizures. Moreover, their alternation percentage scores in the Y-Maze test were lower (P<0.001). Likewise, the passive avoidance test confirmed learning disability in Kainate-treated rats (P<0.001). HGF administration reduced the number of spontaneous seizures, alternation percentage score (P<0.001), and cognitive disturbances (P<0.001). The histopathological results also showed that a protected HGF administration contributed to the reduction of neuronal loss in the CA3 subregion of the hippocampus and inhibited the formation of aberrant Mossy Fiber Sprouting (MFS) (P<0.01). Furthermore, the ELISA data indicated a significant decrease in GFAP (P<0.01) and DNA fragmentation (P<0.05) following HGF administration. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated the validity of HGF in protection against the progression of the kainate-induced TLE in rats. This measure improved learning, cognitive disturbances and inhibited apoptosis and astrogliosis.
Ischemic Postconditioning Attenuates Bilateral Renal Ischemia-induced Cognitive Impairments
Authors:   Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Tahamtan Mahshid , Nazari Abbas ,   Department of Biology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran., Aghaei Iraj ,   Neuroscience Research Center, Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Shabani Mohammad ,   Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of kidney failure with high mortality, leading to brain dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of Ischemic Postconditioning (IPo) against brain dysfunction induced by Bilateral Renal Ischemia (BRI). Methods: Male Wistar rats underwent BRI, sham, or IPo surgery 24h and 1w after reperfusion. The rats’ explorative behaviors and motor function were evaluated by an open field, rotarod, and wire grip tests. The cognitive function was assessed by passive avoidance learning and Morris water maze tests. Western blotting was performed to evaluate hippocampal Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) expression. Results: The impairment of balance function induced by BRI was not reversed; however, passive avoidance learning impairment was reversed by postconditioning 24h after reperfusion. IPo increased muscle strength compared to the BRI group; however, explorative behaviors and balance function had no difference 1w after reperfusion. BRI significantly decreased the BDNF protein expression in the hippocampus, and postconditioning increased 24h after reperfusion. Conclusion: The obtained results demonstrated the deleterious effect of BRI on cognitive and balance function 24h after reperfusion. IPo indicated a curative effect against cognitive dysfunction probably by enhancing BDNF protein expression in the hippocampus.
Production Service Centers – A Priority Trend in the Development of the Russian Engineering Centers in the Oil and Gas Sector based on the Sustainable Development Concept
Authors:   Lukoil-Engineering Skills and Competencies LLC, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, Usmanov M. R.
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the procedural basis and practical approach of Lukoil-Engineering Skills and Competencies LLC (hereinafter referred to as LINK) to the business model transformation: from a research and design complex to a production service which is to provide services throughout the life cycle of a production asset, as the main component of the continuous improvement system in order to fulfill strategic development priorities in the light of the present-day challenges and to achieve the goals of the Refining Business Leadership Manifesto. The paper provides examples of the production service centers management at international oil and gas companies, describes the functionality and services provided within the framework of engineer consulting engineering, and also identifies the nearest prospects for the development of LINK, based on the sustainable development concept.
The Effect of Using Technology in Primary School Math Teaching on Students’ Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analysis Study
Authors: Akçay Ahmet Oğuz , Karahan Engin , Bozan Mehmet Arif
Published: February 2022

In this study, it was aimed to reveal the effect of using technology in the primary mathematics education on the students’ academic achievement. In accordance with this purpose,  the current study is to determine the overall effect size by bringing together the experimental studies conducted on the effect of using technology in primary school mathematics teaching between 2013 and 2019 on students’ academic achievement. The meta-analysis method was used because it was aimed to calculate the effect sizes of studies examining the effect of technology-based applications used in mathematics education on academic achievement. As a result of the analysis, the effect size of the analyzed studies was found to be 0.483. Also, a significant difference was found between the effect sizes in relation to grade level, technology-based applications, the duration of the studies, the type of the study, and whether the study was conducted nationally or internationally. It was concluded that the technologies used in primary school mathematics teaching have a small positive effect on students' mathematics achievement.
Investigating the Effect of Socioscientific Issues-based Instruction on the Academic Achievement of Students: A Mixed-Research Synthesis
Authors: Akyol Cüneyt , Kanadlı Sedat
Published: February 2022

This synthesis aims to see the effects of Socio-scientific Issues- Based Instruction (SSI) on the academic achievement of students in Turkey and to help shape future studies on this topic. A mixed-research synthesis method was employed in this study. As a result of the data searching process, 12 studies with quantitative data and 6 studies with qualitative were included in the synthesis. The quantitative studies were analysed through a meta-analysis and the qualitative studies were analysed through thematic synthesis method. As a result of the meta-analysis it was determined the SSI had strong and significant on (g=1.076, 95% CI [0.724, 1.428]) on academic achievement. In addition, it was determined that the calculated common effect size differed significantly according to the school level and the education program applied. As a result of the thematic synthesis six analytic themes were formed. It was attempted to explain the variance between studies included in the meta-analysis, using the analytical themes obtained from the thematic synthesis. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that SSI should be done outside the classroom, experts should be invited to these activities, teachers should be trained on this subject and a special education program should be prepared.
Language and Identity in Iraqi Arabic: A Gender-Based Study
Authors: Jaber Rajaa Sabbar
Published: February 2022

Languages are more than a tool for communication; they carry the histories, cultures, traditions, and experiences of people who speak them. They represent collections of shared cultural values and customs that uniquely identify speakers in a social setting and, as a result, make it for them to be recognized hence giving them a sense of belonging; that is, identity. Although numerous studies have been conducted to explore the relationship between language and social identities, a few of them have explored how Iraqi Arabic has been chosen as a significant identity marker across genders. The study is an attempt to answer the question of how language choice serves as an identity marker for male and female speakers of Iraqi Arabic. It evaluates the relationship between language choice and identity from a philosophical perspective. Hence, it investigates language choice and identity at AL-Nasiriya Speech Community in relation to the use of the word cha. The study is based on the assumption that both genders, with a high level of education, have access to the Modern Standard Arabic, which is expected to be their educated variety of language. Therefore, 240 male and female university lecturers are randomly selected from the University of Thi Qar to participate in this study. Following Labov’s empirical work (1966), the rapid, anonymous observation technique is used for collecting data. The results of the study identified a strong correlation between language choice, identity and gender. They are the educated women in Nasiriya who use more of the stigmatized word cha in their speech than men do. The study concludes that female speakers have a strong connection with identity more than that of being prestigious or of high social status since cha serves as an identity marker.