bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protection from Disulfide Stress by Inhibition of Pap1 Nuclear Export in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Chen Yan , Zhang Yan , Dong Zhicheng , Ow David W
Published: November 2018

Appropriate subcellular localization of regulatory factors is critical for cellular function. Pap1, a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling transcription factor of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, is redox regulated for localization and antistress function. In this study, we find that overproduction of a peptide conjugate containing the nuclear export signal of Oxs1, a conserved eukaryotic protein that, along with Pap1, regulates certain diamide responsive genes, can retain Pap1 in the nucleus before stress by competing for nuclear export. The nuclear retention of Pap1 upregulates several drug resistance genes to prime the cells for higher tolerance to disulfide stress. Overproduction of Oxs1 also upregulates these same genes, not by competing for export but by binding directly to the drug resistance gene promoters for Pap1-mediated activation. Of medical relevance is that this may suggest a gene therapy approach of using nuclear export signal conjugates to suppress the nuclear export of biomolecules.
Job Dekker: 2018 Edward Novitski Prize
Authors: Haloupek Nicole
Published: November 2018

The Genetics Society of America’s (GSA) Edward Novitski Prize is awarded to researchers who have solved challenging problems in genetics through experiments that demonstrate exceptional creativity and ingenuity. Job Dekker of the University of Massachusetts Medical School has been selected for the 2018 award in recognition of his innovative approach to understanding chromosome interactions and nuclear organization. Among Dekker’s contributions are the development of the now-ubiquitous approach of chromosome conformation capture and the discovery of topologically associating domains.
Ethical Issues in Gender-Affirming Care for Youth
Authors: Kimberly Laura L. , Folkers Kelly McBride , Friesen Phoebe , Sultan Darren , Quinn Gwendolyn P. , Bateman-House Alison , Parent Brendan , Konnoth Craig , Janssen Aron , Shah Lesha D. , Bluebond-Langner Rachel , Salas-Humara Caroline
Published: November 2018

Transgender and gender-nonconforming (TGNC) youth who suffer from gender dysphoria are at a substantially elevated risk of numerous adverse physical and psychosocial outcomes compared with their cisgender peers. Innovative treatment options used to support and affirm an individual’s preferred gender identity can help resolve gender dysphoria and avoid many negative sequelae of nontreatment. Yet, despite advances in these relatively novel treatment options, which appear to be highly effective in addressing gender dysphoria and mitigating associated adverse outcomes, ethical challenges abound in ensuring that young patients receive appropriate, safe, affordable treatment and that access to this treatment is fair and equitable. Ethical considerations in gender-affirming care for TGNC youth span concerns about meeting the obligations to maximize treatment benefit to patients (beneficence), minimizing harm (nonmaleficence), supporting autonomy for pediatric patients during a time of rapid development, and addressing justice, including equitable access to care for TGNC youth. Moreover, although available data describing the use of gender-affirming treatment options are encouraging, and the risks of not treating TGNC youth with gender dysphoria are evident, little is known about the long-term effects of both hormonal and surgical interventions in this population. To support ethical decision-making about treatment options, we encourage the development of a comprehensive registry in the United States to track long-term patient outcomes. In the meantime, providers who work with TGNC youth and their families should endeavor to offer ethically sound, patient-centered, gender-affirming care based on the best currently available evidence.
INDIСATORS OF THE LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS AS EFFICICIENCY PREDICTORS OF THERAPY WITH INHIBITORS OF TNFα IN CHILDREN WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
Authors: Petrichuk S. V. , Miroshkina L. V. , Semikina E. L. , Toptygina A. P. , Potapov A. S. , Tsimbalova E. G. , Radygina T. V.
Published: November 2018

(IBD), who were for the first time treated with TNFα blocker (infliximab). Our aim was to determine prognostic informative value of the immunological parameters in order to assess the treatment efficiency. A comprehensive research included seventy children with IBD from 12 to 18 years old in the course of specific treatment (49 children with CD, 21 children with UC).

The comparison group consisted of fifty healthy children of similar age who were subjected to a similar detailed examination. The patients were divided into two groups, depending on their therapeutic response following 1 year of biological therapy: the first group showed a persistent positive effect of the drug, and the second group exhibited only unstable effects of the treatment. We determined the contents of major and small subpopulations of peripheral blood lymphocytes before the first administration of infliximab. Immunophenotyping was performed by multicolor flow cytometry (FC 500), using the CD45, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD16, CD56, HLA-DR, CD5, CD161, CD127, CD25, and CD294 markers.

We have revealed that the content of B lymphocytes was significantly reduced in children with unstable effects of therapy. By contrast, the B lymphocyte levels in children with persistent positive therapeutic effect did not differ from the comparison group. Analysis of the composition of the B lymphocyte profile showed an imbalance in the B1-to-B2 cell ratio, with decreased of B1 cell counts in IBD patients against the comparison group. In addition, the patients with unstable therapeutic effect showed a significant decrease in B2 cell numbers compared with a group with persistent effect and comparison group. The numbers of NK cells in IBD patients were found to be reduced against the comparison group. Assessment of T lymphocytes subsets revealed a number of features in the patients with minimal therapeutic effects, i.e., an increased level of activated T helper cells (CD4+CD25+CD127high) and Th17 lymphocytes (CD3+CD4+CD161+), as compared to children with stable effect of treatment and to the comparison group. Moreover, in children with minimal effects of therapy, the levels of Tregs within T-helper cell subsets were significantly higher than in the comparison group. By means of ROC analysis, we have identified most informative parameters for the groups with minimal versus persistent therapeutic effect, and showed a good quality for a discrimination model involving relative amount of Th17 cells, activated T helper cells and B lymphocytes. The number of Тh17 lymphocytes (% CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes) allowed to predict the effect of therapy with a TNFα blocker with high probability. The present study enables us to propose cellular immunity testing, as a promising tool for monitoring clinical state of IBD patients.
INTERRELATION OF STEROID RECEPTOR GENE EXPRESSION IN UTERINE TISSUES AND SERUM CONCENTRATIONS OF IMMUNOREGULATORY PROTEINS, CYTOKINES, SEX STEROIDS IN PROLIFERATIVE DISEASES
Authors: Shramko S. V. , Zorina V. N. , Zorin N. A. , Botvinyeva I. A. , Arkhipova S. V. , Likhacheva V. V.
Published: November 2018

Pathogenetic mechanisms of uterine leiomyoma, adenomyosis and their combination are complicated and poorly understood, a differential diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma of the uterus is difficult. Our study aimed for a comparative analysis of the serum contents of α2-MG, PAG, some cytokines, sex steroids and the expression of steroid receptor genes in the patients with different variants of uterine proliferative diseases, in order to determine their pathological role, diagnostic and prognostic value. Expression of estrogen receptor genes adenomyosis nodes was 1.5 to 2-fold higher than in leiomyoma, the combined pathology showed intermediate values, and expression of ER and PGR genes in leiomyosarcoma was minimal. In cellular leiomyoma, expression of ER receptor genes in the surrounding myometrium was 2 to 3-fold higher than in cases of simple leiomyomas. At the same time, concentration of estrogen and progesterone in the blood is comparable between the groups and control groups. All the patients have a deficiency of immunomodulatory α2-MG (12-13% for leiomyomas, 20% for adenomyosis, and 23% for malignant pathology). The concentration of immunosuppressive PAG is increased in combined conditions and leiomyosarcoma. In addition, the contents of IL-6 and TNFα increase, the VEGF levels exceed normal values 4 to 4.5-fold, in leiomyoma, 5.5-fold, in combined pathology, 6.5, in adenomyosis, and 10-fold, in leiomyosarcoma.The obtained results confirm that immunomodulatory proteins, cytokines and cell-targeting sex hormones exert an interdependent influence upon each other in the studied diseases, and their significant changes may be used in diagnostics and prognosis.
Phosphorus behaviour in a river during periods of drought and rain
Authors: Carneiro Charles , Scheer Maurício B , Possetti Gustavo R C
Published: November 2018

The behaviour of phosphorus forms and loads under conditions of drought and rainfall and based on real measurements was studied in the Timbú River Basin, an important water source in the metropolitan region of Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil. Quantitative and qualitative chronosequential analyses were performed in different points of the river during a period of drought and every 5–10 min before, during and after rainfall in the basin. The main results showed that the phosphorus load at the river mouth during drought periods was 2·8 kg/d, five times lower than the normal flow of 8·8 kg/d. At its peak during medium rainfall, the load reached 175·3 kg/d, highlighting the significant influence of diffuse loads in the catchment area. The parameters total phosphorus and reactive phosphorus differed based on river compartments and land uses, mainly urban, agricultural and preserved areas. Therefore, basin action plans must consider varying weather conditions, including both drought and rainy periods, and implement long-term monitoring programmes.
High-temperature oxidation of graphite
Authors: Ariharan S , Hazra Manis , Balani Kantesh
Published: November 2018

Graphite is used in extreme environments, such as high-temperature gas-cooled reactors and anodes for high-temperature fuel cells, because of its outstanding irradiation performance and oxidation resistance. Its oxidation resistance at high temperature depends on the porosity, ash content, oxidizer concentration, burn-off degree and degree of graphitization. The rate of oxidation was determined for different graphite grades (GLM50, GLM and SPSS) at the isothermal temperature range from 773 to 1273 K in a controlled dry oxygen environment. The degree of graphitization was quantitatively measured using selected area electron diffraction patterns and Raman spectra and was shown to affect the oxidation resistance of the graphite grade. The lowest degree of graphitization (0·67) and a high average pore radius (15·4 nm) in GLM decrease the rate of oxidation due to limited active sites for oxidation. The pore radius and the high graphitic structure reduce the average activation energy of GLM50 (41·8 kJ/mol) compared to those of GLM (48·5 kJ/mol) and SPSS (58·5 kJ/mol) in the boundary-layer-controlled regime in the temperature range 1073–1273 K.
Time series analysis of local authority policy interventions on highway works durations
Authors: Hussain Rizwana Shaheen , Quddus Mohammed A. , Enoch Marcus P. , Ruikar Kirti D. , Brien Nigel , Gartside David
Published: November 2018

Highway works are highly inconvenient and disruptive for society. Accordingly, four highway policy interventions were investigated in Derby, UK, for potential corresponding reductions in highway works durations. Time series analysis was used to test the durational impacts on works led by Highway Authorities (HAs) and utility industries. The modelling results demonstrated that a highway works management permit scheme (chargeable) reduced utility works durations by 5·4% (727 work days annually). Conversely, three conflated interventions – namely, the permit scheme (cost-free to HAs), JCB Pothole Master deployment and construction direct labour organisation – did not make any statistically significant difference to HA works durations; however, introducing an automated works order management system (Woms) reduced HA works duration by 34% (6519 work days annually). The key finding of this study is that chargeable permit schemes can create the impetus for change, as demonstrated by the utility industry. Furthermore, the Woms revealed that back-office efficiency can lead to on-site efficiency in works execution.
Régimen jurídico de la edificación sostenible
Authors: Toro Flores Isabel
Published: November 2018

La necesidad de combatir el impacto ambiental que generan las edificaciones, no sólo durante su construcción sino también durante toda su vida útil, comportan la aparición del régimen jurídico de la edificación sostenible. El punto de partida de la nueva regulación tiene como principal objetivo que todos los Estados miembros dispongan de una legislación en materia de construcción que impulse el ahorro de energía, para así poder alcanzar los objetivos de reducción de gases de efecto invernadero establecidos en el Protocolo de Kyoto. Cataluña se convierte en la primera comunidad autónoma del Estado español en regular la edificación sostenible. Esta normativa se redactó con anterioridad al Código Técnico de la Edificación, con la consiguiente necesidad de coordinar ambas normativas y saber cuál resulta de aplicación en cada caso, atendiendo a los niveles de mayor protección ambiental exigibles. Este trabajo pretende explicar el régimen jurídico de la edificación sostenible, para que todos los agentes de la edificación, desde promotores, proyectistas y constructores hasta propietarios y usuarios, tomen conciencia de que los nuevos criterios ambientales establecidos son viables, y de que su aplicación puede contribuir significativamente a la reducción del consumo de los recursos ambientales limitados de que disponemos, como el suelo, el agua, los materiales y la energía.
El derecho ambiental como instrumento de gestión del riesgo tecnológico
Authors: Cerski Lavratti Paula
Published: November 2018

Los riesgos tecnológicos, rasgo característico de la sociedad del riesgo contemporánea y producto del masivo desarrollo tecnológico-industrial originado en el paradigma de la dominación de la naturaleza, generan consecuencias más a allá de los planos económico, social y cultural, para impactar en el ámbito político y jurídico. La presente publicación se dedica a analizar sus orígenes y principales características, así como el rol del Derecho ambiental en su gestión en el marco del Estado social y democrático de Derecho.
THE ESSENCE OF CONSUMER EDUCATION IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL: ANALYSIS OF THE CRITERION “SKILLS” IN THE CONTEXT OF KNOWLEDGE USAGE
Authors: Danilane Liga
Published: November 2018

Analysis of the Criterion “Skills” in the Context of Knowledge Usage focuses on the criterion “skills” that was advanced for evaluation of student achievement in consumer education. The levels of the criterion show students' proficiency in purposeful use of the knowledge acquired.The report describes the development dynamics of the students’ skills and application of acquired knowledge in everyday life situations that lead to the conclusion that the consumer education content acquisition process not only teaches students how to handle standard situations but provides the opportunity to develop the ability to analyze causes and consequences of personal actions in the aspect of environmental and social sustainability.
YOUTH PARTICIPATION IN VOLUNTEERS’ WORK
Authors: Moisejeva Jekaterina
Published: November 2018

Nowadays the problem of youth participation is one of the most important issues among politicians, scientists, teachers, youth specialists and employees. In the last 10 years, the number of young people in Latvia has decreased by 35 % or 180 thousand. The reasons are: passivity, low motivation and lack of interest among young people; insufficient awareness among young people of opportunities to participate and actively engage in various non-formal education activities; the lack of entrepreneurship and communication skills; the youth policy strategy in Rezekne has not been developed and approved. These challenges slower youth engaging in active participation. Based on previous experience, the author believes that the problem of youth participation in NGO can be solved by purposefully working and improving the factors of youth participation such as learning and improving English as well as involvement in youth projects.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ADOLESCENT'S PHYSICAL, EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL BALANCE AND INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
Authors: Bethere Dina , Cupere Irina , Kaupuzs Aivars , Laganovska Egija , Lubkina Velta , Marzano Gilberto , Prudnikova Ilga , Reigase Mudite , Rizakova Lorita , Rozenfelde Marite , Rubene Zanda , Rutka Lucija , Strods Raimonds , Tubele Sarmite , Usca Svetlana , Zogla Irena
Published: November 2018

The study summarises scientific and theoretical information that provides the basis for the use of telerehabilitation methods in the promotion of the development of physical, emotional and social balance for 12 – 13 year old adolescents in the context of inclusive education. The study describes the efficiency of modern technologies for the improvement of the physical and mental health of adolescent learners, as well as suggests services of social rehabilitation which could be provided from the distance. The target audiences of the study are teachers with different professional competence, researchers and the education policy makers.
SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR PROMOTING THE PROCESS OF INCLUSION OF LEARNERS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS IN GENERAL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Rozenfelde Marite
Published: November 2018

One of the greatest challenges for a sustainable development is providing all individuals of a community with equal opportunities, that such opportunities would be created for and offered to individuals of various generations as well as to those within the frame of one generation. The degree to which people with special needs can take part in different processes of social life is the indicator of democracy of every country.
La propuesta de prospectiva de la investigación en la Universidad Libre Seccional Pereira
Authors: Osorio Valencia Julián
Published: November 2018

El propósito institucional establecido en el Plan Integral de Desarrollo Institucional (PIDI 2015-2024) de transformarnos en una universidad de docencia con investigación tiene como punto de partida el estudio de capacidades institucionales de investigación determinado por la rectoría Seccional y realizado entre septiembre y noviembre del año 2015. Este diagnóstico permite contrastar el objeto y estado actual de los factores potenciadores de la promoción y progreso de la investigación en la seccional respecto de lo idealizado en el PIDI. El producto de este contraste es la construcción de una perspectiva de la gestión del conocimiento producido por la investigación para la dinamización pertinente de un desarrollo social y productivo, con sentido de la sostenibilidad ambiental. En suma, para una proyección social de la universidad formando profesionales integrales y conformando grupos de investigación idóneos en la producción d ue demandan los problemas del desarrollo priorizados colectivamente.
Modelo de adaptación de Callista Roy
Authors: Hernández Gómez Jessica , Jaimes Valencia Mary Luz , Carvajal Puente Yaneth , Su´árez Suárez Diana Paola , Medina Rios Paulin Yesenia , Fajardo Nates Socorro
Published: November 2018

Introducción: Elmodelodeadaptaciónde Callista Roy, fuedesarrolladoporunaenfermera en el año 1964, en el que describe al ser humano como un ser con las capacidades y recursos para lograr una adaptación a la situación que se esté enfrentando en su proceso salud enfermedad. Objetivo: ldentificar los instrumentos creados con el enfoque del modelo de adaptación de Callista Roy en escenarios cardiovasculares, reportados por la literatura en el periodo del año 2000 a 2015. Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda sistematizada de la literatura en las bases de datos Pubmed, Bireme, Scielo y revistas de enfermería especializadas. Se utilizaron descriptores de Bireme y palabras Mesh como: Enfermería, Cuidado, Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Adaptación, Cuidado de Enfermería; Nursing, Care, Cardiovascular Diseases, Adaptation, Nursing care. Dentro de los criterios de inclusión se tuvo en cuenta: artículos publicados entre el año 2000 a 2015 de texto completo en el idioma español e inglés, que reportaran la utilización de instrumentos con el modelo de adaptación de Callista Roy en escenarios cardiovasculares en las bases de datos o revistas especializadas. Resultados: Inicialmente se localizaron 50 artículos de los cuales 11 reportaron la creación de instrumentos con el modelo de Callista Roy y 4 específicamente utilizados en instituciones de servicios cardiovasculares. Conclusiones La literatura reporta que si se han utilizado instrumentos de valoración con el modelo de Callista Roy en escenarios cardiovasculares. Dentro de los ins unos reportan mejores propiedades psicométricas que otros.
Vulnerabilidad biopsicosocial y suicidio en adultos mayores colombianos
Authors: Andrade Salazar José Alonso , Lozano Sapuy Laura Patricia , Rodríguez Romero Angélica , Campos Ramírez Juan Andres
Published: November 2018

Este es un artículo de revisión, el cual pretende describir la influencia de la vulnerabilidad psicosocial en el suicidio de adultos mayores colombianos, como población en crecimientocon altos índices de suicidio, fenómeno que es explicado desde el modelo estrés – diátesis, tomando en cuenta la interacción de factores predisponentes y desencadenantes a nivelbiológico, psicológico y social. Se concluye que el adulto mayor es altamente vulnerable a conductas suicidógenas debido al deterioro físico, cognitivo y emocional que trae consigoel envejecer en un entorno de exclusión afectiva y social constante.
Fiddler’s neck: Cultural influences modify clinical presentation influences
Authors: Chowdhry Sundeep , Chand Sameeksha , D'Souza Paschal
Published: November 2018

Fiddler’s neck which is also referred to as a “violin hickey” is a benign dermatologic occupational disease associated with the use of certain instruments like the violin, viola, cello etc. It is believed to be a type of allergic contact dermatitis, manifesting as an acute or chronic eczematous lesion typically at the submandibular and/or supraclavicular region on the side of neck. It can present as erythema, oedema and/or vesicles in the acute stage and as scaling, lichenification, hyperpigmentation and scarring in the chronic stage. Acne mechanica has also been considered by some authors as a presentation of fiddler’s neck. Occasionally, there may be associated swelling redness or a cystic lesion that makes it difficult to differentiate from lymphedema or a salivary gland tumor. PubMed search for articles about this entity resulting in instrument-induced dermatitis yielded few results of this forgotten entity which mimics a love bite (love hickey). For diagnosis, history of the usage of a string instrument which is held between the shoulder and neck, local physical examination and a positive patch test are pre-requisites. Management of fiddler’s neck includes application of topical mild steroid, emollient, proper instrument handling, neck padding, changing the material and polish of the instrument, and/or reducing the amount of playing time. Surgical intervention is usually not advisable unless cystic or tumorous lesions are the manifesting feature. The authors intend to revisit this entity and report an improvised modality that is being used by these instrumentalists in India which may help in prevention of this condition.
A novel total body digital photography smartphone application designed to detect and monitor skin lesions: a pilot study
Authors: Guido Nicholas , Hagstrom Erika L. , Ibler Erin , Carneiro Chantelle , Orrell Kelsey A. , Kelm Ryan C. , Rademaker Alfred W. , West Dennis P. , Nardone Beatrice
Published: November 2018

Although some smartphone applications are designed for total body photography (TBP), few offer the specificity that enables self- as well as dermatologist-, detection of new lesions, or change in lesion color or in size as little as 1mm, on an ongoing basis. The aim of this study is to assess the sensitivity of a novel TBP application in the detection of changes to color and size of simulated skin lesions. Twenty-five subjects underwent one study visit. After baseline photography, new artificial markings were made or naturally occurring pigmented lesions located in any anatomical region were enhanced/enlarged, and a second matching set of photographs was then taken. From all 25 subjects, a total of 262 skin markings were evaluable. Of these, 241 (92%) were detected by the app, which resulted in an overall sensitivity of 92%. The high sensitivity establishes the app as capable of providing reliable self-TBP that allows detection and monitoring of new skin lesions or change in both size and color. This method greatly enhances the ability to accomplish ongoing self-monitoring and yet provides quality informing images to the dermatologist to assist in decision-making with the patient. 
Choosing the mixing pattern for oxygen-hydrogen low-thrust rocket engines
Authors: Ryzhkov V. V. , Morozov I. I.
Published: November 2018

The article presents the results of comparison of computation data on the energy parameters of the working process of engines and the thermal condition of the structure obtained for low-thrust rocket engines fueled by gaseous oxygen-hydrogen, using various schemes of mixture formation. The analysis of the efficiency of the working process is carried out on the basis of the patterns of distribution of combustion products temperature in the cross sections of combustion chambers, temperature diagrams, their values in the area of the engine chamber wall and the specific thrust impulse. It is shown that the chosen tools fully characterize the efficiency of the working process implemented in various schemes of mixing in engines and make it possible to assess the quality of a particular scheme. It was found that for most of the parameters used and additional criteria for evaluating the efficiency of the mixture formation scheme for low-thrust rocket engines, the scheme implementing a rotational coaxial multistage flow of gaseous fuel components in the chamber is preferable.
Residual stress optimization of technological processes with the aim of ensuring adhesion of nickel or chromium coatings on parts made of titanium alloys
Authors: Bukaty A. S.
Published: November 2018

Work on ensuring adhesion of chromium coating on parts piston with a rod made of ВТ3-1, ВТ22 titanium alloys was carried out based on the examination of residual stresses. Ensuring the adhesion of coats was conducted in two stages: at the first stage strengthening treatment was used, and at the second stage optimization of grinding conditions by residual stresses was carried out. A method of predicting process-induced residual deformation by equivalent initial stresses is presented. Residual stresses in a surface layer of specimens cut out of the strengthened parts were studied. It was established that compressive residual stresses in the surface layer ensure the coating adhesion in chromium plating of parts made of titanium alloys. It was shown that ensuring adhesion of coatings on parts made of titanium alloys can be obtained both by strengthening treatment and without it, due to the optimization of grinding conditions. The results obtained made it possible to eliminate surface tempering in the process of grinding parts made of titanium alloys, to ensure favorable technological heredity not only for the parts under examination, but for other parts such as pistons, hydraulic cylinders and rods.
Mechanical engineer, scientist, teacher. On the occasion of centenary of the birth of I.A. Birger
Authors: Nozhnitsky Yu. A. , Belousov A. I.
Published: November 2018

Isaac Aronovich Birger created a scientific school that had a great impact on the development of Russian aircraft and rocket engine construction, as well as on the training of top-qualification academic personnel. In 1946 I.A. Birger entered Central Institute of Aviation Motors named after P.I. Baranov where he worked for nearly 50 years, passing all the stages – from engineer to the Head of the Department of Strength and the Deputy Head of the Institute. His main scientific and engineering efforts were inextricably connected with the problems of ensuring strength of aircraft and rocket engines. We can distinguish three main directions in I.A. Birger’s scientific activities: 1) investigation in the area of mechanics of deformable bodies determining the strength of parts in new operating conditions; 2) development of general numerical methods of calculating stress and strain in structures; 3) development of methods of calculating strength and oscillations of engine parts with wide use of the results of investigation in the first two directions. The main feature of I.A. Birger’s approach to solving engineering problems consisted in the development of engineering solutions based on consistent application of theoretical methods of mechanics and applied mathematics for vital practical tasks determining the working capacity of a wide variety of structures.
Schemes, parameters, work process, characteristics and structure of long-range interception aircraft engines
Authors: Kovalev A. V. , Sanin V. N. , Krivenok A. G. , Korolenko V. V.
Published: November 2018

The article presents an analysis of promising directions of improving the design and layout schemes of power plants of modern long-range interception aircraft, related to the implementation of the capabilities of bypass turbojet engines. Research of power plants of unconventional design-layout schemes opens significant prospects for improving flight performance of the long-range intercept aviation systems. These are primarily engines with variable parameters of the work process due to wider control of the elements in the flow passage. In engines with variable parameters the elements of the flow duct compressor guide vanes, turbine nozzle guide vanes, the exhaust system, the combustion chamber and other elements are controlled. Additional components are used that can be switched off or over during the operation of the power plant (combustion chambers in the bypass duct, bypass valves, turbofan adapters), which ensures the adaptation of the engine operation mode to the flight conditions due to the integrated control system adapted to possible failures and malfunctions. It is expedient to use the range of the interception line in the case of a typical flight profile and providing the specified values of the maximum flight speed and altitude as a criterion of efficiency. It is shown that the computational methods based on mathematical modeling are an effective tool for justifying the decision-making in choosing rational values of the parameters of the work process of aviation gas turbine engines.
Development of a procedure for the synthesis of a micro gas turbine engine neural controller with account for fuel consumption constraints
Authors: Kuznetsov A. V. , Makaryants G. M.
Published: November 2018

Neural networks are often used to model dynamic processes in objects and to synthesize their control systems. However, their application in real systems is now rather limited due to insufficient research into the process of creating control systems. The issues of creating neural network control systems for gas turbine engines, taking into account both their nonlinear dynamics and the fuel consumption constraints depending on the engine operating mode, remain practically unexplored. To take into account the fuel consumption constraints, a method was developed for modifying the misalignment between the actual and target RPM values during the training of the neural controller. The resulting neural controller is characterized by implicit fuel consumption constraints and non-linear dynamics of the engine itself. The developed method for modifying the neural network training error allows one to synthesize a nonlinear control system, taking into account the requirements for limitations in the automatic mode.
Floatation Sewage Treatment of Galvanic Productions
Authors: Ksenofontov B.S. , Kozodayev A.S. , Taranov R.A. , Vinogradov M.S. , Senik E.V.
Published: November 2018

In work processes of sewage treatment of galvanic productions with use of mainly floatation technologies are considered. For check of the developed technology solutions pilot studies of several versions of technological schemes have been conducted. The offered way includes twolevel reagent processing with the subsequent upholding and flotation. Tertiary treatment of sewage is consistently carried out in the filter with a sorbent the AC, and then in the filter with coal loading. The Zakyuchitelny stage of processing of sewage is adjustment рН to neutral value.
The System of Automated Monitoring of Temperature and Air Pollution for Remote Monitoring of the State of the Disposed Household Waste Dump
Authors: Maslova A.A. , Panarin V.M. , Grishakov K.V. , Rybka N.A. , Selezneva D.A.
Published: November 2018

A system for automated monitoring of temperature and air pollution in a waste pipe is provided for remote monitoring of the state of the recovered household waste dump, which allows real-time monitoring of the state of the facility and timely eliminating sources of environmental pollution and measuring the concentration of harmful substances near social facilities. The developed system is aimed at solving the following tasks: collection, processing and storage of information from control sensors, environmental analysis of information, development of management decisions to prevent negative consequences in case of increasing concentration of landfill gas or a fire in the body of the landfill.
Biotechnological Solutions in Utilization of Wastes of Alcoholic, Wine-Breeding and Brewery Productions
Authors: Burakaeva A.D. , Petrova G.V. , Sorokun S.V. , Igontov P.V.
Published: November 2018

The issues of increasing the nutritional value of waste alcohol, brewing and wine industry by cultivating an assimilating ethanol and the strain of mycophilic fungus Hypomyces odoratus VKPM F-242, which produces a complex of hydrolytic enzymes, are considered. The data obtained may be of practical interest for the disposal of wastes from the fermentation industry with obtaining amino acid-rich and environmentally friendly feed additives for livestock.
The Model of Environmental Rationing of Oil-Contaminated Soils by Changing Some Biogeocenotical Functions
Authors: Kovaleva E.I. , Yakovlev A.S.
Published: November 2018

The model of ecological rationing of oil-polluted soils is substantiated according to the function of providing the soil with conditions for biological activity according to separate biological indicators sensitive to oil products, in particular, catalase activity and survival of pot worms. Petroleum products were rationed in different types of soils of the Sakhalin region: high-moor peat bog; humus podzolic surface-glue; alluvial meadow acidic; brown forest acid podzolic in model series with different levels of pollution. The establishment of a standard value at which the functioning of the studied soils changes, was carried out according to the criterion of changing the values of selected biological parameters corresponding to the change in the rate of soil functioning with increasing oil concentration according to the dose-effect model. For the standard of soil quality for petroleum products in the regions of oil production, the value of petroleum products was used, leading to a significant deviation of the values of biological indicators from background values determined by the same biological indicators. For the permissible residual content of oil products in soils, in which the soil maintains stable functioning, performs environmental functions, a 30% change in the functioning of the soil from the background analogue according to the studied biological indicators was taken. Calculations on the rationing of oil content in soils can be performed using the non-linear regression model described by the logistic curve.
Method and Device of Pyrolytic Processing of Pulp and Paper Industry’ Waste into High-Quality Synthesis Gas
Authors: Zaitchenko V.M. , Krysanova K.O. , Lavrenov V.A.
Published: November 2018

Paper presents the results of the experimental investigations of the pulp and paper industry’ wood waste processing method into high-quality synthesis gas. The main characteristics of feedstock (moisture and ash content, elemental composition, higher and lower heating values, volatile matter and fixed carbon content) and synthesis gas (yield, chemical composition, heating value and tar content) in dependence of the processing parameters are described. Processing is carried out by the two-stage pyrolytic conversion method, combining pyrolysis and subsequent high-temperature cracking of volatiles in the charcoal fixed bed. The principal scheme and results of the thermotechnical characteristics calculation of the pilot plant capacity of 300 kg/h of raw material (mechanical mixture of wood chips and bark with a moisture content of 48 %) are presented. The obtained results confirm the high efficiency of the method as applied to the processing of this type of waste.
Makerspaces and scientific creativity level of middle school students
Authors: Caballero García Presentación , Fernandez Trino Grau
Published: November 2018

Being creative is something natural for children. However, as human beings advance in age, the ability to express creativity often decreases or even disappears. During adolescence is when people usually leave behind the creative freedom that was enjoyed in childhood. Makerspaces are spaces that offer tools and materials that encourage students to create. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Makerspaces in scientific creativity level of eight grade students, using a quasi-experimental design pretest-posttest (Cook & Campbell, 1979). The participants of the research were 200 students who attend to a private school in Madrid during 2017-2018 academic years. The experimental groups selected covered the learning standards by doing a project in the makerspace, and the control groups covered the same standards by traditional learning in the classroom. To investigate scientific creativity of secondary school students, the Hu & Adey (2002) scale test was used. Our findings showed a significant difference in scientific creativity between the groups. The experimental group (maker-centered learning) had higher scientific creativity than control group (traditional learning). Authors such as Ramirez & Fuentes (2013) have shown that activities that help students to deal with real life situations, combined with methodologies of innovation that encourage creativity and promote the involvement and motivation of students, make them feel happier and help to develop students personally and professionally, as well as to improve their academic performance. We strongly recommend the use of makerspaces in schools as learning environments that will foster scientific creativity, influencing positively in the academic performance of students.

 

Keywords: Makerspaces; creativity; maker-centered learning; academic performance;
Aesthetic sensibility and technical skills of an architect as a result of the fine arts learning—Curricula changes at the Faculty of Architecture, Silesian University of Technology in Gliwice
Authors: Kucharczyk Brusb Beata , Komara Beata
Published: November 2018

The paper presents the consequences for the architectural profession resulting from the evolution of the process of fine arts teaching on the example of the changing curricula at the Faculty of Architecture, Silesian University of Technology. The curricula in arts subjects ranging from the 90s up till now will be analyzed. Conducted analysis of the changes lead to a number of conclusions about impoverishment of aesthetic sensitivity and artistic skills of students and contemporary graduates. Currently, students mostly use computer drawings because they have poor ability to create understandable freehand sketches. We postulate the return to the past, good practices, to increase the number of the fine arts teaching hours, seeking better links between engineering design and artistic as well. It is principle that the use of new technologies workshop (including a PC) must go hand in hand with advanced knowledge about art solutions in every architectural project.Keywords: Fine arts teaching programmes, handwritten sketches, architecture student’s aesthetic sensitivity.
An analysis of ‘typographic self-portrait projects’ by the 2nd grade students of Baskent University, Faculty of Fine Arts, Design and Architecture, Department of Visual Arts and Design
Authors: Turkkan Halime
Published: November 2018

The self-portrait solutions were designed to be transferred into typographical design elements by the 2nd grade students of Baskent University, Faculty of Fine Arts, Design and Architecture, Department of Visual Arts and Design, during fall semester 2017–2018, within the scope of the course ‘Typography Design’ under the leadership of Halime Turkkan. The concept of ‘self’ was converted into typographic self-portraits. The main objective of the project was to express the concept only by words through different perspectives of students. This study is focused on analysing the different points of view on creating conceptual typographic designs and the effects of visual culture on students during the design process for exhibitions and other design activities. The graphic solutions which were exhibited in Gallery Baskent and Artankara 4th International ModernArts Fair will be examined in terms of visual and cultural backgrounds of Turkish graphic design students.Keywords: Typographic design, self, visual culture, Turkey.
Design thinking…inspiring innovation, transforming humanity
Authors: Jain Pooja
Published: November 2018

Design thinking was initiated by people with specialised skills achieved over consistent learning of many decades just to meet the human needs with all available technical resources of design. Designers have been able to bring out the products we consume and possess today in reality merely by integrating the human desire with feasible technology and economically viable. In the contemporary modern world, design thinking completely relies upon a human’s ability of being intuitive, to evolve innovative ideas having an emotional meaning, to recognise ever-changing trends and patterns and lastly to express ourselves in media beyond any boundaries of words or symbols. The design education has long been in its role in imparting a holistic mindset and encouraging creative, artistic skills. Thus, if design makes a transition to become a driver of culturalinnovations, a new face of society will emerge putting itself as a humanistic catalyst of technology and social sustainability.Keywords: Design, humanity, innovation, social sustainability, technology.
Development of youth professional interests in accordance with labour market requirements
Authors: Libkovska Una , Lusena - Ezera Inese
Published: November 2018

This article analyses the European Commission, OECD and Eurostat data, and the Latvian labour market data on youth unemployment rates during 2008â€“2014. It also examines the results of the empirical study on the Latvian youthâ€™s development of creativity in the formation of intents about profession and its conformity with demands of the present labour market. For determination of the professional interest, methods of analysis and synthesis, time series analysis and mathematical statistics were applied. For the interpretation of models and facts, survey method, expert interview method, focus group discussion analysis, SWOT and PEST methods were applied. A questionnaire was used to examine the professional intents of youth from Latvian secondary schools, and a focus group discussion with parents and teachers of students was organised to determine concepts about the issues of vocational choice in the context of supply and demand in the labour market.

 

Keywords: Vocational choice, career, employment, labour market.
Money attitude – A review with an Indian perspective
Authors: Manchanda Rimple
Published: November 2018

Money plays an important role in consumer society. The perception of money determines the attitude toward money and in turn determines the behaviour of a person in situations involving money. The objective of this paper is to review and understand different conceptualities of money attitude, especially with India. It also establishes a new conceptualisation of money attitude. This paper provides the exploratory research design, and qualitative research is conducted to develop a behavioral conceptualisation of money attitude . This is a conjectural study constructed on the analysis of various notions on money attitude in literature. The contemporary conceptualisation of money attitude has been developed by comprehensive examination of descriptions and characterisations of mone y attitude. The novel and contemporaneous proposition of money attitude provides an imperative foundation for research on money and attitude towards money and stipulates a fundamental start point for pragmatic research.
Keywords: Money, money attitude, contemporary conceptualization, Indian perspective
Brand positioning of domestic services in Australia
Authors: Zhechev Vladimir , Stanimirov Evgeni
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this article (as part of a larger study) is to develop and apply a methodology for analysing and assessing the competitive position of the Fantastic Services Australia (FSA) brand in the surveyed country (and the major regional domestic services marketsâ€“â€“Melbourne and Sydney). Based on scientifically grounded analysis, theoretical ideas and exploration of FSA markets, the paper highlights some marketing prospects for the company and draws conclusions and guidelines for building an appropriate positioning strategy for the respective regions and types of services (end of lease cleaning, carpet cleaning and one-off cleaning). FSA is one of the largest market players, both in terms of scale and network of franchisees, and this coupled with the intensive rivalry it faces further elucidates the need for carefully calibrated brand positioning to maintain competitive edge.

 

Keywords: Brand positioning, positioning strategy, domestic services.
Significant leadership competencies at large industrial companies: Results of exploratory quantitative research
Authors: Mazanek Lukas , Vraniak Lukas , Murinova Anastsasia , Konecny Stepan
Published: November 2018

The aim of this study is to identify important managerial competencies applied in large industrial enterprises established in the South Moravia region. The study was created on the basis of extensive research activities of competency-oriented publications, published in the last 15 years. Current scientific approaches to competence research, their composition and classification are described. The research was carried out on a sample of 24 managers. The significance of 25 competences was evaluated by using a 5-point Likert scale in the form of self-evaluation of the manager. The contribution of the presented study is an analysis of key concepts in the area of competency models and identification of stakeholders [Human Resource, managers, employees and society as a whole], including their relationship to the application of a competence approach. The identified most important managerial competencies in relation to the managerial level at which leaders work are used as a base for the creation of competence model in large industrial companies.

 

Keywords: Managerial competencies, quantitative research, leadership, competency model, personnel management.