bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increasing the parameters of electrical distribution networks of town districts with low load density
Authors: Perepecheny V.
Published: October 2020

This article presents the results of research on the parameters of electrical networks with a voltage of 6 (10) and 0.38 kV in relation to capital investments. The analysis of existing methods of estimation of parameters before designing for power supply networks in a small town with low load density is carried out. In modern conditions, in the distribution of electrical networks is of paramount importance the introduction of energy-saving schemes and parameters of power supply systems. One of the main ways to implement them is to increase the efficiency of 6-10 / 0.38 kV networks. In the actual design of electrical networks, economic proportionality can not always be maintained for various reasons: the impact of technical constraints, the discreteness of the rated power of transformers and cable crossing scales, a significant deviation of individual capacities of consumers from the average value. In that case there is an increase in the reduced costs. A methodology for determining the optimal power of transformer substations and optimal
sections of 0.38 kV power transmission lines is proposed, taking into account the probable nature of the applied load. When assembling the power supply circuit for the optimal form of parameters, voltage, principles of voltage regulation and reactive power compensation. Decisions of this kind are substantiated by technical and economic comparisons of a series of technically acceptable variants of power supply networks. An important measure that facilitates the selection of the most economical option is the assessment of the proposed project, which relates to the selection of the optimal capacity of transformer substation (TS) networks using calculation formulas. The aim of the research was to improve the existing methods on the basis of separate accounting of the reliability coefficient of 0.38 kV and 6-10 kV network. Key words - electric power supply network, network parameters, transformer substation, load density, line wire section, specific load, unit costs, optimum parameter, distribution networks, electric energy.
Principles and methods of non-contact DC contactors calculation for alternative power systems
Authors: Soskov A. , Forkun Ya. , Iegorov O. , Glebova M.
Published: October 2020

It is shown that the principle of control and power supply of a non-contact bi-directional DC contactor by the electrical line voltage is implemented by connecting the electronic control circuit by one output between two opposite powered gate-controlled thyristors of the bilateral switch to the first pole of the contactor and the second one – to the output clamp. As a result, the electrical line voltage is fed to the electronic circuit only for a short time (up to ms), that is determined by the charge time of the switching capacitor to the breakdown voltage of the threshold zener diode. The peculiarities of the heating process of the power semiconductor contactor in different operating conditions were determined, that allowed to develop a methodology that with sufficient accuracy determines such important parameters as rated and operational current of the contactor. In addition, it was found that in order to reduce significantly the capacity of the switching capacitor, and consequently the size and cost, it is necessary while turning on of the switching thyristor the discharging current of the switching capacitor was equal to the current of its charging circuit, and their values should not be less than the maximum allowable current of turning off the gate-controlled thyristor. It is allows to define justified the parameters of the elements that provide a secure turning off the bilateral switch. The researches have also shown that the non-contact contactors due to the introduction of the network voltage control as compared with existing ones have peculiarities which rise competitive abilities. In particular, they are more reliable, they do not need to supply an additional power
source, they exclude standard drivers, and minimize energy consumption. Thus, an exemplary aspect of using the obtained scientific result is the ability to create competitive reliable non-contact DC contactors for voltage up to 1000 V and currents of 100-600 A for alternative energy.
Key words – non-contact bi-directional DC contactor,
switching capacitor, switching thyristor, power semiconductor
switch, alternative energy.
Prototype Robot Pembersih Serbuk Kayu Berbasis Arduino Menggunakan Smartphone Android
Authors: Sunarya Po Abas , Rahayu Nina , Yono Fuji
Published: October 2020

Perkembangan teknologi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari pada saat ini sangatlah berkembang, dimana masyarakat selalu bergantung dengan yang namanya teknologi. Salah satunya adalah pekerjaan dalam industri penggergajian kayu. Kebutuhan manusia akan kayu sebagai bahan bangunan baik untuk keperluan konstruksi, dekorasi, maupun furniture terus meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya jumlah penduduk. Selama ini limbah serbuk kayu banyak menimbulkan masalah dalam penanganannya, menyisakan limbah padat berupa serbuk gergaji dan serpihan kayu yang terbuang menumpuk di suatu lokasi tertentu yang dapat menganggu kondisi lingkungan sekitar, sehingga diperlukan penangganan terhadap limbah padat hasil penggergajian kayu tersebut. Rancangan prototipe tersebut menggunakan module bluetooth digunakan sebagai media pengendali melalui handphone, motor DC kiri dan kanan, berfungsi menjadi roda penggerak, sensor Ultrasonic, berfungsi sebagai input bagi arduino yang kemudian diteruskan ke motor DC, kipas, berfungsi sebagai alat yang mampu menghisap udara agar serbuk dapat dihisap kedalam toples, penampung, berfungsi menampung serbuk yang telah terhisap dan arduino UNO berfungsi sebagai “otak” dari vaccum..Oleh karena itu maka harus ada alat yang dapat membersihkan serbuk kayu secara bersih dan otomatis dengan cepat dan tepat. Perancangan prototype menggunakan flowchart dan literature review yang sejalan dengan penulisan ini.

Kata kunci: Prototype, Robot, Limbah
Impact of Thickness and Substrate on Optical Properties of Zno Thin Films
Authors: Das S , Sultana S , Akter I , Mazumdar SC , Rahman MA , Kali K
Published: October 2020

During the last decades, ZnO has emerged as the most promising material in optoelectronic and optical applications in the visible region as well as in the infrared and UV region. It is because of the broad direct band gap of 3.37 eV at ambient temperature and high exciton binding energy of 60 meV allowing it to utilize the ultraviolet region. In this investigation, the optical characteristics of ZnO thin film of various thicknesses (300 nm, 600 nm, 900 nm) deposited on Quartz, Fused silica and Sapphire have been studied as a function of wavelength and photon energy. To obtain this, the equations for thin film have been derived, simulated and visualized by Matlab coding language. It is observed that with the increase in the photon energy, the refractive index and extinction coefficient show an increasing tendency. The results represent that among three substrates Fused silica has the lowest refractive index, reflectance and absorbance. In the visible region, the transmission spectra show that the average transmittance of all films is 85%-95%, which is superior for solar continuums. The performance of Fused silica as transparent conducting material is better than other substrates. The present investigation might provide an environment friendly and low cost material for optoelectronic and solar cell devices.

Bangladesh Journal of Physics, 27(1), 59-68, June 2020
Effects of Pump-Pulse Width and Temperature on Experimental Brillouin Gain Spectrum Obtained from Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analysis Sensors
Authors: Azad Abul Kalam
Published: October 2020

In this paper, the characteristics of Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS) obtained from a Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) sensor are investigated and analyzed experimentally. The measured BGSs obtained for various pump-pulse widths and temperatures are fitted with different spectrum profiles using nonlinear least-squares curve fitting technique. The fitting performances of used profiles are presented and analyzed. Based on such performances, the proper spectrum profile to be used in the fitting process is determined and used to extract key parameters of the measured BGSs accurately. The variations of such key parameters with pump-pulse widths and temperatures are also investigated and analyzed. The results reveal that pump-pulse widths and temperatures have significant effects on the extracted key parameters of the measured BGSs obtained from BOTDA sensors.

Bangladesh Journal of Physics, 27(1), 69-80, June 2020
Reestablishing a stepping-stone population of the threatened elkhorn coral Acropora palmata to aid regional recovery
Authors: Kuffner IB , Stathakopoulos A , Toth LT , Bartlett LA
Published: October 2020

Recovery of the elkhorn coral Acropora palmata is critical to reversing coral reef ecosystem collapse in the western Atlantic, but the species is severely threatened. To gauge potential for the species’ restoration in Florida, USA, we conducted an assisted migration experiment where 50 coral fragments of 5 nursery-raised genetic strains (genets) from the upper Florida Keys were moved to 5 sites across 350 km of the offshore reef. Additionally, 4 fragments from the 1 remaining colony of A. palmata in Dry Tortugas National Park (DRTO) were added to the 2 DRTO experimental sites to test for local adaptation. To measure coral performance, we tracked coral survival, calcification, growth, and condition from May 2018 to October 2019. All 24 corals relocated to the DRTO sites survived and calcified ~85% faster than the fewer surviving corals transplanted to the 2 upper Keys sites. While coral survival across the entire experiment did not depend on genet, there was a weak but statistically significant genetic effect on calcification rate among the corals relocated to DRTO. The DRTO native genet was among the fastest growing genets, but it was not the fastest, suggesting a lack of local adaptation at this scale. Our results indicate that DRTO, a remote reef system inhabited by the species during the Holocene and located at the nexus of major ocean currents, may be a prime location for reestablishing A. palmata. Assisted migration of A. palmata to DRTO could restore a sexually reproducing population in <10 yr, thereby promoting the species’ regional recovery.
Drugs in Pregnancy: the Effects on Mother and Her Progeny
Authors: ŠLAMBEROVÁ R.
Published: October 2020

Drug abuse during pregnancy is a growing problem in all developed countries all over the world. The drugs easily cross the placental barrier into the fetal body and are present also in the maternal milk. Therefore, it may affect the development of the child pre- as well as postnatally. The effects of prenatal drug exposure are long-lasting and persist until adulthood. The present review summarizes the clinical and experimental evidence showing how opioids and psychostimulants can affect maternal behavior of drug-abusing mother and the development of their offspring.
Critical Developmental Periods in the Pathogenesis of Hypertension
Authors: KUNEŠ J. , KADLECOVÁ M. , VANĚČKOVÁ I. , ZICHA J.
Published: October 2020

Hypertension is one of the major risk factor of cardiovascular diseases, but after a century of clinical and basic research, the discrete etiology of this disease is still not fully understood. One reason is that blood pressure is a quantitative trait with multifactorial determination. Numerous genes, environmental factors as well as epigenetic factors should be considered. There is no doubt that although the full manifestation of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases usually occurs predominantly in adulthood and/or senescence, the roots can be traced back to early ontogeny. The detailed knowledge of the ontogenetic changes occurring in the cardiovascular system of experimental animals during particular critical periods (developmental windows) could help to solve this problem in humans and might facilitate the age-specific prevention of human hypertension. We thus believe that this approach might contribute to the reduction of cardiovascular morbidity among susceptible individuals in the future.
Ontogenetic Changes of Lipofuscin-Like Pigments in the Rat Heart
Authors: WILHELM J. , OŠŤÁDALOVÁ I.
Published: October 2020

Increased generation of reactive oxygen species results in the formation of fluorescent end-products of lipid peroxidation – lipofuscin-like pigments (LFP). LFP increased up to six-fold from the fetal value in the rat heart immediately after birth. In the experimental design of this study the fetuses were sampled 1 day before birth, and then the samples were collected on postnatal days 1, 4, 7, 10, 15, 30, and 60. Males and females were compared on day 30 and 60 when the difference between right and left ventricle was studied as well. Four LFP fluorophores were analyzed: F355/440, F310/470, F350/450, F315/450 (excitation/emission, nm). All fluorophores decreased on day 4 relative to day 1, subsequent transient increases ended in a significant decrease on day 60. However, the LFP levels on day 60 are still about threefold higher than those in fetuses. Differences between male and female hearts were observed on day 30. The corresponding male ventricles contained by one third higher concentration of LFP than the female counterparts. The increase in LFP concentration in male ventricles on day 30 was only transient, no difference between corresponding male and female ventricles was found on day 60. The most distinguished feature in the male heart was a sharp LFP decrease in the right ventricle on day 60.
Ontogeny of the Pain
Authors: ROKYTA R. , FRICOVÁ J.
Published: October 2020

The article gives an overview of developmental aspects of the ontogeny of pain both in experimental models and in children. The whole article is devoted to the ontogenesis in pain perception and the possible influence on it. The role of endogenous opioids on the development of pain and other important substances such as serotonin, nerve growth factor (NGF) and nicotine are mentioned. There are also important differences of the ontogenesis of thermal and mechanical nociceptive stimulation. The physiological and pathophysiological findings are the backgrounds for principles of treatment, taking into account the special status of analgesics during ontogeny. In particular there are mentioned the special effects of endogenous opioids and especially morphine. It describes the role of vitamin D and erythropoietin during the development of pain perception. This article also mentioned the critical developmental periods in relation to the perception of pain. The attention is paid to stress and immunological changes during the ontogeny of pain. Another important role is played by microglia. The work is concluded by some statements about the use of physiological and pathophysiological findings during the treatment of pain in pediatric practice. Codein analgesia is also described because codein starts to be very modern drug with the dependence.
Developmental Changes of the Sensitivity of Cardiac and Liver Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore to Calcium Load and Oxidative Stress
Authors: DRAHOTA Z. , MILEROVÁ M. , ENDLICHER R. , RYCHTRMOC D. , ČERVINKOVÁ Z. , OŠŤÁDAL B.
Published: October 2020

Opening of the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore (MPTP) is an important factor in the activation of apoptotic and necrotic processes in mammalian cells. In a previous paper we have shown that cardiac mitochondria from neonatal rats are more resistant to calcium load than mitochondria from adult animals. In this study we have analyzed the ontogenetic development of this parameter both in heart and in liver mitochondria. We found that the high resistance of heart mitochondria decreases from day 14 to adulthood. On the other hand, we did not observe a similar age-dependent sensitivity in liver mitochondria, particularly in the neonatal period. Some significant but relatively smaller increase could be observed only after day 30. When compared with liver mitochondria cardiac mitochondria were more resistant also to the peroxide activating effect on calcium-induced mitochondrial swelling. These data thus indicate that the MPTP of heart mitochondria is better protected against damaging effects of the calcium load and oxidative stress. We can only speculate that the lower sensitivity to calcium-induced swelling may be related to the higher ischemic tolerance of the neonatal heart.
Periodization of the Early Postnatal Development in the Rat With Particular Attention to the Weaning Period
Authors: OŠŤÁDALOVÁ I. , BABICKÝ A.
Published: October 2020

The early postnatal period is characterized by a great plasticity with critical windows in which any inadequate insult or intervention may be able to influence both positively and adversely postnatal growth and development. After birth the rat littermates enter the presuckling period (initial 6 hours terminated by the first nursing), characterized by transition from the amniotic fluid to the air, by the changes of the ambient temperature, by the termination of placental nutrition and by oxidative stress. After this stage the suckling period initiates and the littermates start to consume milk of their mothers. Comsumption of milk culminates on day 15, then decreases and terminates on postnatal day 28. The end of the suckling period and the onset of physiological weaning is determined by the moment when the youngs for the first time consume the solid food together with milk (postnatal day 17 in rats). On day 19 the first intake of drinking water occurs. The weaning period terminates by the last consumption of maternal milk – on postnatal day 28. It is necessary to stress that the duration of early postnatal periods is independent of the changes of body weight. The precise knowledge of individual ontogenetic periods critical for further development is crucial for the prediction and explanation of reactions to various pathogenetic stimuli both under experimental conditions and in clinical medicine.
Pressure Overload Selectively Increases n-3 PUFA in Myocardial Phospholipids During Early Postnatal Period
Authors: NOVÁK F. , KOLÁŘ F. , VOCŮ Š. , VECKA M. , NOVÁKOVÁ O.
Published: October 2020

Increasing hemodynamic load during early postnatal development leads to rapid growth of the left ventricular (LV) myocardium, which is associated with membrane phospholipid (PL) remodeling characterized by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) accumulation. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of additional workload imposed early after birth when ventricular myocytes are still able to proliferate. Male Wistar rats were subjected to abdominal aortic constriction (AC) at postnatal day 2. Concentrations of PL and their fatty acid (FA) profiles in the LV were analyzed in AC, sham-operated (SO) and intact animals on postnatal days 2 (intact only), 5 and 10. AC resulted in LV enlargement by 22 % and 67 % at days 5 and 10, respectively, compared with age-matched SO littermates. Concentrations of phosphatidylcholine, cardiolipin, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin decreased in AC myocardium, albeit with different time course and extent. The main effect of AC on FA remodeling consisted in the accumulation of n-3 PUFA in PL. The most striking effect of AC on FA composition was observed in phosphatidylinositol and cardiolipin. We conclude that excess workload imposed by AC inhibited the normal postnatal increase of PL concentration while further potentiating the accumulation of n-3 PUFA as an adaptive response of the developing myocardium to accelerated growth.
IMPLIKASI KEMAMPUAN BERKOMUNIKASI DAN PENGGUNAAN KODE ISYARAT INTERNASIONAL TERHADAP KESELAMATAN PELAYARAN KAPAL DI PELABUHAN TANJUNG PERAK SURABAYA
Authors: Kuncowati Kuncowati , Listriyawati Nyoman Ardiana , Supangat Supangat
Published: October 2020

Crews ships comuunication skills are speaking, writing and using objects, lights and sounds to make contact. It is both for sending or receiving messages between individuals on the ship, communication with other ships and with related parties. The ability of the crew to use and understand codes are expected to achieve the safety of a voyage. This research was conducted to 98 respondents. They are the crews of ships that wer berthing at Tanjung Perak Port of Surabaya. It is expected to know how the implication of the crews’ ability to communicate and to use international codes. It is meant to ensure the safety of the voyages. This research was using quantitative methods with linear regression analysis, t test, f test and test of determination. Therefore, it resulted that there ware a positive and significant influence both partially and jointly between the ability to communicate and the use of international codes on the safety of a voyage. The ability to communicate with the crew especially the ability in communication using English and understanding in the use of international codes is implicated in the safety of a voyage.

Keywords : Communication skills, Codes, Safety of a voyage

Kemampuan komunikasi awak kapal baik secara lesan, tulisan,menggunakan sosok benda,cahaya dan bunyi untuk berinteraksi baik mengirim atau menerima pesan baik antar individu di kapal,komunikasi dengan kapal lain maupun dengan pihak – pihak terkait dan kemampuan awak kapal dalam menggunakan dan memahami penggunaan kode isyarat diharapkan dapat mencapai keselamatan pelayaran. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan responden dengan sejumlah 98 ( Sembilan puluh delapan ) awak kapal yang kapalnya sedang berada di Pelabuhan Tanjung Perak Surabaya untuk mengetahui implikasi kemampuan berkomunikasi awak kapal dan penggunaan kode isyarat internasional supaya tercapai peningkatan keselamatan pelayaran.Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kuantitatif yaitu dengan analisis regresi linier , uji t,uji f dan uji determinasi.Dari penelitian diperoleh bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan baik secara partial maupun bersama -sama antara kemampuan berkomunikasi dan penggunaan kode isyarat internasional terhadap keselamatan pelayaran .Kemampuan berkomunikasi awak kapal terutama kemampuan dalam komunikasi berbahasa inggris dan pemahaman dalam penggunaan kode isyrat internasional berimplikasi terhadap keselamatan pelayaran

Kata kunci : Kemampuan berkomunikasi, Kode isyarat, Keselamatan pelayaran 
Ecological Analysis of Species of Family Fabaceae Lindl. in the Summer Pastures Flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan
Authors: Abbasov N. , Fatullaev P. , Mamedov I. , Kuliev S.
Published: October 2020

The article provides a bioecological analysis of 106 species belonging to 23 genera of the Fabaceae Lindl. Family growing on the summer pastures of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. Each species is assigned to a certain life form according to the system of K. Raunkier and I. G. Serebryakov, the classification of the life forms of legumes in relation to water and substrate is given, as well as the distribution along the belts, geographical elements and types of areas.
Adaptations of Juniperus rufescens Link. Leaf’s in South Caucasus Mountains (Azerbaijan)
Authors: Rzayeva A.
Published: October 2020

During scientific research in July-August 2019 between 40°53ʹN and 49°25ʹE widths in the Khizi territory (Azerbaijan), adaptations of the structure of the juniper leaves were studied. The leaves of the red juniper have a lancelet appearance and easily vary in different environmental conditions, for this reason we selected red juniper as the object of our studies and measured the length of leaves taken from different tiers. It was revealed that there is an inverse correlation between leaf lengths and altitude from the sea level.
Distribution of the Waste of the Electric Stations in the Atmosphere, Their Influence on the Environment and Human Health
Authors: Aslanova E.
Published: October 2020

Location of the thermal electric stations in Azerbaijan, noxious gases they emit into the atmosphere, their influence on the ecosystem and human organism have been analyzed in the presented article. The energy which is extracted and used by the electric stations in Azerbaijan was shown and the ways of the prevented ecological imbalance were shown.
Sunflower Varieties Selection With High Oil Content
Authors: Erofeev S. , Vetrova S. , Makarov M.
Published: October 2020

The article presents the results of long-term research on the creation of high oil and large-fruited sunflower varieties for use in 5 (Central Chernozem) and 7 (middle Volga) regions. Increasing the yield of sunflower oil seeds and improving their quality largely depends on targeted breeding work. Agricultural production needs highly productive precocious and early maturing varieties that are adaptable to local agroecological conditions and tolerant to the main common pathogens. Agroclimatic conditions of the region do not allow growing foreign-selected sunflower hybrids here, as they do not reach economic maturation (full ripeness). Breeders created a new high-oil (53.3%) variety of sunflower Chakinsky 100 with a yield potential of up to 50 centner per hectare in the Tambov research Institute (a branch of the I. V. Michurin Federal Research Center). The variety is included in the state register of breeding achievements in 2018 (patent no. 9648).
Inorganic Fertilizers Application Effect on Helianthus annuus Crop Yield Indicators in Western Azerbaijan
Authors: Abbasova N.
Published: October 2020

The paper presents the results of studies of the effect of inorganic fertilizers on the structural indicators of Helianthus annuus crop yield in the western part of Azerbaijan. As a result of the studies carried out, it can be concluded that there was a positive effect when fertilizer application. So, there was an increase in the diameter of the basket by 0.8–2.3 cm, the number of achenes in the basket — 54.7–204.6 pcs, the mass of seeds in the basket — 5.5–24.1 g, and an increase in the mass of 1000 seeds — by 3.5–13.7 g in comparison with the non-fertilizer control. To obtain a high and high-quality sunflower seed yield and restore soil fertility on the irrigated chestnut soils of the Ganja-Gazakh zone, it is recommended that farms use inorganic fertilizers annually at the N120P120K120.
Effect of Planting Schemes and Inorganic Fertilizers on Removal of the Sugarbeet Root Crops Nutrition Elements
Authors: Aslanova D.
Published: October 2020

The article presents the results of studies on the effect of planting schemes and inorganic fertilizers on the removal of nutrition elements in sugarbeet root crops in the conditions of the Ganja-Gazakh massif. The region is steadily developing in the agricultural sector of Azerbaijan. Analysis of the research results made it possible to establish the optimal planting scheme and inorganic fertilizers application, which contribute to an increase in nutrition elements in sugarbeet root crops. It was revealed that the optimal option is the use of inorganic fertilizers in the norm N90P120K90 (respectively: 90.20–125.42; 36.00–50.20 and 65.50–92.00 kg/ha).
Effect of Inorganic Fertilizers on Winter Rye Crop Yield Structural Indicators
Authors: Akhmadоva S. , Adigozalov P.
Published: October 2020

The article presents the results of research on the effect of inorganic fertilizers on the structural indicators of winter rye crop yield in the western zone of Azerbaijan. The western region is one of the most important economic regions of Azerbaijan in terms of the sustainable development of the agricultural sector. To obtain a high and high-quality winter rye grain yield and restore of soil fertility on irrigated chestnut soils of the Ganja-Gazakh zone, it is recommended that farms use inorganic fertilizers annually at the N90P60K60.
An Aljamiado Translation of the ‘Morisco Qur'an’ and its Arabic Text (c. 1609)
Authors: de Castilla Nuria
Published: October 2020

For the first time, strong links between three copies of the ‘Morisco Qur'an’ (in Arabic [Aix 1367], Aljamía [BRAH T5], and a bilingual Arabo-Aljamía version [BRAH T19]) have been described. They involve codicological, linguistic, and aesthetic features common to these manuscripts and lead to the identification of a single Aljamiado translation transmitted by the same copyist in two different codices (BRAH T5 and BRAH T19). This result allows us to demonstrate the coherent and systematic nature of the work of the Morisco copyists and provides the possibility of establishing a stemma codicum of some of the Aljamiado translations of the Qur'an. The relationship of these manuscripts with an Arabic copy of the ‘Morisco Qur'an’ makes it possible to conclude that these three copies were produced around 1609 ce, the year in which the Moriscos’ final expulsion from Spain began. These links illuminate our understanding of the production and uses of these Morisco copies of the Qur'an at a very late date, enriching the field of Qur'anic studies in medieval and early modern Spain.
‘Moscow longevity’ program: effectiveness of physical activity in secondary prevention of hypertension
Authors: Orlova N. V. , Spiryakina Ya. G. , Rud I. M. , Suanov A. N. , Gerasimova S. Yu. , Kuznetsova N. E.
Published: October 2020

Regular aerobic exercise is recommended for the prevention and complex treatment of patients with hypertension. Increasing public awareness about modifiable risk factors and the introduction of various tools to help patients to improve these factors is one of the priority goals of modern healthcare. Regular physical activity lowers total blood cholesterol levels. ‘The Moscow longevity’ program helps patients of retirement age to increase their daily physical activity, to improve their mood, overall well-being and prognosis.
Effect of amiodarone on heart rate variability in patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation (clinical observation)
Authors: Popova E. P. , Bogova O. T. , Puzin S. N. , Sychyov D. A. , Fisenko V. P.
Published: October 2020

Spectral analysis of heart rate variability gives an idea of the role of the autonomic nervous system in the regulation of chronotropic heart function. This method can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of drug therapy. Drug therapy should be carried out taking into account the individual clinical form of atrial fibrillation. Information about the vegetative status of the patient will undoubtedly increase the effectiveness of treatment. In this study, spectral parameters were studied in patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation. The effect of antiarrhythmic drug class III amiodarone on the spectral parameters of heart rate variability was studied.
Los límites de la participación política en una democracia excepcional: migrantes en Costa Rica
Authors: Pedroza Luicy
Published: October 2020

In comparison to other countries in the Latin American region, especially in Central America, support for democracy in Costa Rica is high –despite ups and downs in recent years. Still, regarding the challenges that immigration poses for the principles of democratic inclusion and representation, Costa Rica lag behind 11 countries in Latin America –and 35 democracies in the world– where immigrant residents have the right to vote in local elections. In Chile and Uruguay, the only countries in the region where support for democracy tops that observed in Costa Rica, the right to vote of immigrant residents even reaches national elections. With such a comparative background, this article addresses the question: how to explain that this democracy ignores the tendency to give the right to vote to resident migrants? The study reveals a society in which the narrative of exceptionality with respect to other countries of the continent and the formal primacy of nationality to political citizenship, allow tolerating a clear inequality between the political rights of emigrants and immigrants.
GEOINFORMATION MODELING IN ENSURING THE WORK OF RIVER PORTS
Authors: Goncharenko Elena A. , Kokorina Irina P.
Published: October 2020

The activity of a river port is based on the reception of ships, their loading and unloading, as well as the storage of goods. To improve the efficiency of port administrations, improvement and implementation of new approaches to the transportation and storage of goods is required, which also includes the use of geographic information systems. The capabilities of the cartographic research method for constructing a geographic information model of the river port, analyze existing GIS of this topic are considered. Based on the analysis, the software was selected, the main cartographic and statistical sources were selected to create a geographic information system, and a database of the designed GIS was developed. General geographical and thematic objects are shown for which map symbols were designed. The indicators of the direction of the river flow are obtained, on the basis of which it is planned to obtain data on cargo flows.
ANALYSIS OF GEODESIC METHODS OF DEFORMATION MONITORING OF HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES
Authors: Grigoriev Dmitry O. , Ascheulov Vladislav A.
Published: October 2020

The analysis of existing geodesic methods of deformation monitoring of hydraulic structures is carriedent. The conclusion about the most effective methods, and the ways of further research are outlined is made.
ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF USING AN OPTICAL-ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT FOR TESTING A SET OF TRIAL EYE GLASSES
Authors: Druzhinina Polina O. , Shaburova Aelita V.
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the economic efficiency of using an optoelectronic device for verifying a set of test eyeglass lenses in a metrological laboratory, and calculates the payback from introducing the device for MedtechStandard LLC. A characteristic is given to an optical-electronic device, namely, a lensmeter standard multi-functional LEM-1. The calculation of the number of jobs planned for verification of sets of trial eyeglass lenses is carried out. Also, for the company MedtechStandard LLC, the positive effects from the use of an optical-electronic device of the standard multifunctional lens meter LEM-1 were considered, which include reducing the cost of subcontracting, reducing the time it takes to test a set of trial spectacle lenses, additional profit for the enterprise, reducing the risk of loss contract and attracting new customers. The estimated annual program of attorney spectacle lenses is calculated.
ANALYSIS OF FOCAL LENGTH DIFFERENCES IN THE LENSES OF THERMAL IMAGING DEVICES
Authors: Zavyalov Daniil S. , Khatsevich Tatiana N.
Published: October 2020

A tendency of wide and narrow field of view modes can be seen in many thermal imaging devices. The purpose of the study is to identify differences in focal lengths and fields in the zoom lenses of thermal imaging devices based on uncooled matrix radiation receivers. The study analyzes information obtained from scientific and technical literature, and electronic resources. Differential range from 3.0 to 5.6 with average value of 3.6 was determined within the studied sample. The study will be further used for the development of a device for master thesis.
ANALYSIS OF INSTALLATIONS TO CONTROL THE OF RATION SIGNAL-TO-NOISE OF VACUUM UNIT ELECTRO-OPTICAL CONVERTER
Authors: Kvitovskiy Oleg A. , Nikulin Dmitry M.
Published: October 2020

The article considers and compares different installations to measure the signal-to-noise ratio of the electron-optical converter. Advantages and disadvantages described in State Standard 21815.19-90 of the installations design for signal-to-noise ratio control are analysed. Prospects for improving the method of measuring the signal-to-noise ratio of the electron-optical converter are outlined.
JUSTIFICATION OF REQUIREMENTS FOR INFRARED RANGE LENSES STATIONED AT AIRCRAFT
Authors: Kiseleva Julia S. , Khatsevich Tatiana N.
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the requirements for the lens of thermal imaging devices, and formulates special requirements for their placement on aircraft. Thermooptic aberrations of a single lens made of various infrared materials are analyzed. The values of the thermooptic constant for some materials are given. A condition for eliminating thermal refocusing for a single lens is given.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE METHOD OF MEASURING ANGULAR FIELD OF VISION OF AN OPTICAL SIGHT
Authors: Kobzar Maxim E. , Shaburova Aelita V.
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the practical application of the method of measuring the angular field of view of an optical sight using theodolite. «Novosibirsk Instrument-Making Plant» is one of the largest manufacturers of shooting and observation optics throughout Russia. To improve the quality of products manufactured at the plant (optical and hunting sights, binoculars, telescopes, monoculars, etc.), it is necessary to verify the main technical characteristics during their production using an approved type measuring instrument. At the moment, the measurement of the angular field of view at the enterprise of JSC "NPZ" is carried out at a specialized site (training ground). This technique will allow testing on-site. The article describes an experiment in the course of which the results were obtained, according to which it can be concluded that this technique is suitable for measuring the angular field of view.
NEW DIRECTIONS OF USING 3D-MODELING
Authors: Lang Natalya V. , Shlyakhova Maria M.
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the concept of three-dimensional modeling, shows the main areas of application of 3D models in the modern world and their significance for humans. The main advantages of 3D models in comparison with a two-dimensional model are described. Shows which software products are used to create 3D terrain models.
DETERMINATION OF FLOODED ZONES BY SENTINEL-1 RADAR DATA
Authors: Vinokurova Aitalina G. , Chermoshentsev Alexander Yu.
Published: October 2020

The article describes studies on identification of flood zones from satellite-based radar data. Experimental studies were carried out according to the developed technological scheme in the Republic of Malawi. The results showed the possibility of using this method to determine flood zones according to radar data from the Sentinel-1 satellite.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEMS IN PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM OF A MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX
Authors: Goldobina Anastasiya S. , Isaeva Julia A. , Nikulin Dmitry M.
Published: October 2020

Security components of the production management information system of the military-industrial complex are a single mechanism that can protect restricted access information from possible violators. If one of the elements of information security does not work efficiency, it will become a problem for the entire defense system of the military-industrial complex. Production management information systems need to take into account all available ways to prevent information leakage to do this, the owners of military-industrial complexes must conduct an efficiency assessment. The article suggests a possible way to solve the problem when considering one of the most important subsystems: intrusion detection system. Currently, there is no methodology for evaluating the efficiency of intrusion detection systems for production management information systems. This system is located on a real object located in the Irkutsk Region and belongs to the military-industrial complex.
A Review of Jamming Actuation in Soft Robotics
Authors: Fitzgerald Seth G. , Delaney Gary W. , Howard David
Published: October 2020

Jamming is a popular and versatile soft robotic mechanism, enabling new systems to be developed that can achieve high stiffness variation with minimal volume variation. Numerous applications have been reported, including deep-sea sampling, industrial gripping, and use as paws for legged locomotion. This review explores the state-of-the-art for the three classes of jamming actuator: granular, layer and fibre jamming. We highlight the strengths and weaknesses of these soft robotic systems and propose opportunities for further development. We describe a number of trends, promising avenues for innovative research, and several technology gaps that could push the field forwards if addressed, including the lack of standardization for evaluating the performance of jamming systems. We conclude with perspectives for future studies in soft jamming robotics research, particularly elucidating how emerging technologies, including multi-material 3D printing, can enable the design and creation of increasingly diverse and high-performance soft robotic mechanisms for a myriad of new application areas.
Erratum: Appiah, M.O., et al. Microflora in the Reproductive Tract of Cattle: A Review (Running Title: The Microflora and Bovine Reproductive Tract), Agriculture 2020, 10, 232
Authors: Appiah Michael Osei , Wang Jun , Lu Wenfa
Published: October 2020

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Implementation of Sustainable Practices to Ornamental Plant Cultivation Worldwide: A Critical Review
Authors: Darras Anastasios I.
Published: October 2020

Ornamental production worldwide has changed dramatically in the past 20 years. A globalized scene has shifted production to new countries from Africa, Asia, and South America. Sustainability is the major challenge for ornamental production, and the life cycle assessment (LCA) provides insights on environmental contributions from production to handling and transportation and highlights the problematic issues that need improvement. For example, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the production costs of roses in different parts of the world may vary dramatically between different production processes (e.g., heated or non-heated greenhouses, with or without air transportation, etc.). On the other hand, the production of landscape plants has the lowest environmental impact of all floricultural products. Their long production period offers carbon sequestrations that reduce the total GHG emissions. Sustainability is achieved via critical adjustments on cultivation by minimizing fuel and electricity use, adopting integrated nutrient management (INM) and integrated pest and disease management (IPDM), and using recyclable materials and peat-alternative growing compounds. In this review, two possible scenarios were proposed for ornamental production. Scenario I suggests conventional, protected cultivation under controlled environments (i.e., greenhouses), which can be sustainable after implementing appropriate adjustments to reduce environmental outputs. Scenario II suggests the cultivation of native and specialty ornamental crops, which may serve as eco-friendly alternatives. Combinations between the two scenarios are also possible in view to implement sustainable practices and meet future consumer needs.
The Hydric Environment: A Hub for Clinically Relevant Carbapenemase Encoding Genes
Authors: Hammer-Dedet Florence , Jumas-Bilak Estelle , Licznar-Fajardo Patricia
Published: October 2020

Carbapenems are β-lactams antimicrobials presenting a broad activity spectrum and are considered as last-resort antibiotic. Since the 2000s, carbapenemase producing Enterobacterales (CPE) have emerged and are been quickly globally spreading. The global dissemination of carbapenemase encoding genes (CEG) within clinical relevant bacteria is attributed in part to its location onto mobile genetic elements. During the last decade, carbapenemase producing bacteria have been isolated from non-human sources including the aquatic environment. Aquatic ecosystems are particularly impacted by anthropic activities, which conduce to a bidirectional exchange between aquatic environments and human beings and therefore the aquatic environment may constitute a hub for CPE and CEG. More recently, the isolation of autochtonous aquatic bacteria carrying acquired CEG have been reported and suggest that CEG exchange by horizontal gene transfer occurred between allochtonous and autochtonous bacteria. Hence, aquatic environment plays a central role in persistence, dissemination and emergence of CEG both within environmental ecosystem and human beings, and deserves to be studied with particular attention.
Carbosilane Dendrimers Loaded with siRNA Targeting Nrf2 as a Tool to Overcome Cisplatin Chemoresistance in Bladder Cancer Cells
Authors: Ambrosio Leanne , Argenziano Monica , Cucci Marie Angèle , Grattarola Margherita , de Graaf Inge A.M. , Dianzani Chiara , Barrera Giuseppina , Sánchez Nieves Javier , Gomez Rafael , Cavalli Roberta , Pizzimenti Stefania
Published: October 2020

The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is considered as the master regulator of antioxidant and cytoprotective gene expressions. Moreover, it plays a pivotal role in cancer progression. Nrf2 mediates the adaptive response which contributes to the resistance to chemotherapeutic pro-oxidant drugs, such as cisplatin (CDDP), in various tumors, including bladder cancers. For this reason, Nrf2 could be a promising target to overcome chemoresistance. There are several known Nrf2 pharmacological inhibitors; however, most of them are not specific. The use of a specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the Nrf2 gene (siNrf2) loaded into nanovehicles is an attractive alternative, since it can increase specificity. This study aimed to evaluate the biological activity of siNrf2 loaded on guanidine-terminated carbosilane dendrimers (GCDs) in overcoming CDDP resistance in bladder cancer cells with a high level of Nrf2. Parameters such as viability, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and oxidative stress level were taken into account. Results demonstrated that siNrf2-GCD treatment sensitized CDDP-resistant cells to CDDP treatment. Moreover, data obtained by treating the non-cancerous human kidney HK-2 cell line strongly suggest a good safety profile of the carbosilane dendrimers loaded with siNrf2. In conclusion, we suggest that siNrf2-GCD is a promising drug delivery system for gene therapy to be used in vivo; and it may represent an important tool in the therapy of CDDP-resistant cancer.
Primary Dysmenorrhea in Relation to Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status: A Systematic Review of Case-Control Studies
Authors: Szmidt Maria Karolina , Granda Dominika , Sicinska Ewa , Kaluza Joanna
Published: October 2020

Primary dysmenorrhea is defined as painful menstrual cramps of uterine origin in the absence of pelvic pathology and is the most common gynecological disorder among women of reproductive age. The aim of this study was to systematically review case-control studies that have investigated the oxidative stress, antioxidant status, and inflammation markers among women with primary dysmenorrhea and controls. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (no. CRD42020183104). By searching PubMed and Scopus databases as well as reference lists, six case-control studies with fifteen eligible markers (seven oxidative stress, seven antioxidant status, one inflammation) were included in this review. The quality of the included studies was assessed as medium or high. The systematic review included 175 women with primary dysmenorrhea and 161 controls. The results indicate an elevated level of oxidative stress, especially of lipid peroxidation among dysmenorrheal women. For the antioxidant status, limited evidence was found for a lower status among primary dysmenorrhea women, and only one study examined one inflammation marker (hs-CRP), which makes it impossible for such a conclusion. To establish whether oxidative stress, antioxidant status or inflammation participate in the pathophysiology of primary dysmenorrhea, high-quality studies with larger study groups and clear case definitions are needed.