bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contemporary debates and new directions in HRM in MNCs: introduction
Authors: Morley Michael J. , Collings David G.
Published: September 2004

This paper focuses on the debates about globalisation – its nature and impact – and the significance of multinational companies in the global economy. Introduces the special issue of theInternational Journal of Manpower, based on selected papers presented at the 7th Conference on International Human Resource Management hosted by the University of Limerick in June 2003, which focused on the issue of HRM and its transferability in such corporations. The MNC is viewed as the vehicle by which dominant HR policies and practices are transported across national boundaries and the papers shed light on the likelihood of, and limits, to this transfer. In order to contextualise the debate, the paper begins by outlining the extent to which human resource management remains a key issue for multinational corporations and, in advance of introducing the five papers in this special issue, summarily charts some of the key research trends emerging in the literature on international human resource management (IHRM).
The cross‐national transfer of HRM practices in MNCs: An integrative research model
Authors: Liu Wenchuan
Published: September 2004

Drawing on a range of literature, this paper develops a theoretical model of the cross‐national transfer of HRM practices in multinational corporations (MNCs). This model integrates the significant research on transferability, transfer mechanisms, effects of transfer, and reverse transfer to produce a comprehensive analytical framework. A three‐fold analysis of transferability is presented to include national, company and HRM practice level. The transfer mechanisms are categorized into direct and indirect methods. The analysis of reverse transfer is not only a complement to the forward transfer but also an important part of the integrated model. The model reflects the complexity of cross‐national transfer HRM practices in MNCs. The propositions presented and suggestions for future research serve to aid further practical studies.
Host country specific factors and the transfer of human resource management practices in multinational companies
Authors: Myloni Barbara , Harzing Anne‐Wil K. , Mirza Hafiz
Published: September 2004

This paper concerns the transfer of human resource management (HRM) practices by multinational companies (MNCs) to their overseas subsidiaries. It investigates how factors originating from the cultural and institutional framework of the host country impact on this transfer. Using data collected from MNC subsidiaries located in Greece and local Greek firms, we examine the degree to which several HRM practices in MNC subsidiaries resemble local practices. Our empirical findings indicate that subsidiaries have adapted their HRM practices to a considerable extent, although some practices are more localised than others. Specifically, practices that do not fit well with Greek culture or are in contrast to employee regulations show a low level of transfer. On the other hand, our interviews revealed that significant cultural changes are underway and that the institutional environment is gradually getting more relaxed, leaving more room to manoeuvre for MNCs.
International performance appraisals
Authors: Shen Jie
Published: September 2004

Since most literature on international performance appraisal is derived from Western MNCs, it is questionable whether the Western theories are equally powerful when applied to other national contexts. This study develops the Chinese international performance appraisal model by exploring performance appraisal policies and practices and the associated factors in Chinese MNCs. It reveals that Chinese MNCs adopt different approaches towards different groups, particularly different nationalities and managerial status. The Chinese international performance appraisals are a mix of home and local appraisal systems, and a mix of traditional Chinese personnel management and modern Western HRM concepts. Moreover, Chinese international performance appraisal policies and practices are affected by various host‐contextual and firm‐specific factors, and there is also an interplay between international performance and other international human resource management activities.
How CEOs influence organizational culture following acquisitions
Authors: Shearer Corrinne S. , Hames David S. , Runge Janet B.
Published: September 2004

Research has demonstrated that mergers and acquisitions often fail, in significant part because companies fail to effectively integrate their diverse organizational cultures. This case study provides an in‐depth description of one company’s organizational culture just prior to being acquired, and demonstrates how it began to change almost immediately following the acquisition. The new CEO affected the acquired company’s culture directly by changing roles, responsibilities, policies, procedures, and practices. He affected it indirectly through his influence on other organizational members. Suggestions for effectively managing the integration of diverse organizational cultures following an acquisition are discussed.
Assessing the level of teamwork in Brazilian and English construction sites
Authors: Santos Aguinaldo , Powell James A.
Published: September 2004

Increase the workforce involvement in continuous improvement activities is one of the main recommendations of the recent report Rethinking Construction, developed by the UK Construction Task Force. In Brazil, this is also a major issue in most government and industry initiatives for the sector, particularly after the opening of the economy in the mid‐1980s. In this context, this research attempts to contribute to policy making by assessing the degree of workforce involvement in continuous improvement in English and Brazilian construction sites. The results show a generalised poor level of workforce involvement in comparison to the reported practices of other industrial sectors. Hence, the results suggest that current strategies for promoting continuous improvement in the construction sector are failing to bring real change at the operational level due to the lack of leadership and appropriate win‐win relationships.
The behavioural control room for managers: the integrator role
Authors: Vilkinas Tricia , Cartan Greg
Published: September 2004

The Competing Values Framework (CVF) has been used in numerous settings to explain the various roles that managers need to display if they are to be effective. However, the original model lacks a role that represents how managers develop and learn by critically observing their current managerial behaviour and by reflecting on their effectiveness with a view to developing into more effective managers. The authors have developed an additional role, the integrator, to explain how managers might enhance their effectiveness in this regard. A total of 100 middle managers participated in a 360˚ feedback program that sought responses from 530 of their significant others. The results indicated that the integrator was a pivotal role for managers. This role was also found to be a strong predictor of effectiveness. The implications for managers are that they need to develop their ability to observe critically their own behaviours and to reflect on their observations in order to develop and improve on their managerial effectiveness
Linking emotional intelligence abilities and transformational leadership styles
Authors: Leban William , Zulauf Carol
Published: September 2004

Today's business environment is changing tremendously due to economic forces that result in the redesign of systems to decrease cost, the need to speed up product development and the focused attention on satisfying customers. These conditions have caused organizations to utilize project management to implement strategic initiatives through projects. By utilizing a “big picture” systems approach to analyze how the system components interact, decisions can be made which are in the “best interest” of the overall project. Project management is ideally matched to this business environment. The study addressed 24 project managers and their associated projects in six organizations from varied industries. The results of the study found that a project manager's transformational leadership style has a positive impact on actual project performance, that emotional intelligence ability contributes to a project manager's transformational leadership style and subsequent actual project performance.
Influence tactics and perceptions of transformational leadership
Authors: Charbonneau Danielle
Published: September 2004

The study examined the association between four influence tactics known to be effective in generating a target's commitment to a task and perceptions of transformational leadership. Eighty military personnel were rated by 181 peers on four influence tactics and four transformational leadership factors. The influence tactics of rational persuasion, inspirational appeals, consultation and collaboration were expected to differentially predict idealized influence (behaviour), inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration. Results show that rational persuasion significantly contributed to the variance in all four transformational leadership factors. Inspirational appeals made significant contributions to the variance in idealized influence and inspirational motivation. Consultation and collaboration did not significantly contribute to explaining the variance in any of the four transformational leadership factors. These results suggest that training in rational persuasion and inspirational appeals may increase perceptions of transformational leadership style.
Evaluating the development of a multidisciplinary leadership team in a cancer‐center
Authors: Black Timothy G. , Westwood Marvin J.
Published: September 2004

This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a group‐based team leadership development workshop in achieving five objectives. The study is an intrinsic case study using qualitative, semi‐structured interviews. Participants recorded eight categories of shared common experience supporting effectiveness of the workshops in achieving five stated objectives. Interviews were conducted only once, following the workshop limiting the understanding of long‐term effects, and categories of experience were not returned to all participants for validation. Useful information for organizations and consultants involved in developing a multidisciplinary leadership team and maintaining the benefits of a group‐based approach. This study examines a unique case of an organizational development intervention in health care and provides practitioners with insight into the benefits and drawbacks of interpersonal, group‐based interventions.
Servant leadership at Heritage Bible College: a single‐case study
Authors: Winston Bruce E.
Published: September 2004

This case study used the variables of both Patterson's and Winston's models of servant leadership and examined the attitudes of employees at Heritage Bible College toward their leader to determine if the leader was a servant leader and if the variables of the two models helped explain the process by which leaders and followers serve each other in the organization. Thirteen employees and the leader provided data triangulated by three methods of data collection: the researcher's observations over a two‐year period, the data from the Servant‐Shepherd Leadership Indicator, and responses to ten in‐depth interview questions. This case study supports the use of Patterson's and Winston's models of servant leadership, or at least confirms the specific variables examined by the interview question/topics: trust, empowerment, vision, altruism, intrinsic motivation, commitment, and service.
Reducing Accidents Using a Behavioural Approach
Authors: Makin Peter J. , Sutherland Valerie J.
Published: September 2004

An important distinction in psychology is between external and internal
determinants of behaviour. Behaviour may be perceived as being
determined either by factors internal to the individual (e.g.
personality) or by external factors, in particular the consequences that
follow the behaviour. External factors are central to the behavioural
approach. The tendency for people to underestimate the importance of
external factors in influencing behaviour is discussed. An application
of the behavioural approach to accident reduction is described and the
benefits and problems associated with its implementation discussed. The
importance of workforce participation and involvement are emphasized. In
addition, it is suggested that the commitment of management, especially
at the highest levels, is required if the programme is to maintain
long‐term effectiveness.
Challenges in cross‐gender mentoring relationships: psychological intimacy, myths, rumours, innuendoes and sexual harassment
Authors: Hurley Amy E.
Published: September 2004

Explores the roles of sexuality and intimacy in cross‐gender mentoring relationships. Today’s leaders are concerned about controlling sexuality and intimacy in cross‐gender work relationships and there is an increased awareness of the sexual harassment aspect of sexuality in today’s society. Describes sexuality and intimacy in cross‐gender mentoring relationships and explores the sex role spillover model’s explanation for sexuality in these relationships. Views sexuality and intimacy in cross‐gender mentoring relationships along a continuum ranging from non‐sexual, psychologically intimate relationships to the extreme of sexual harassment. Includes mentors’, protégés’ and co‐workers’ perceptions of sexuality and intimacy in cross‐gender mentoring relationships in this discussion along with the impact of these perceptions on cross‐gender mentoring relationships. Finally, considers ways to manage sexuality and intimacy in cross‐gender mentoring relationships.
The darker side of the entrepreneur
Authors: McKenna S.D.
Published: September 2004

Investigates the role of the entrepreneurial personality in the global economy, based on consulting work carried out on one fast‐growing small business, Distant Learning Ltd. Shows how the “dark side” of a personality can affect others. Concludes that self‐awareness is the answer to problems in this area.
Narcissism and leadership: some differences in male and female leaders
Authors: Jørstad Jarl
Published: September 2004

Develops from the Greek myth about Narcissus and Echo some contemporary aspects of normal and pathological narcissism. Narcissism is part of a normal developmental phase and reflects the universal need during early childhood, and later in life, to be loved and confirmed. However, there are many possibilities of being hurt in the course of this developmental phase and this experience will leave the individual with a narcissistic vulnerability. One way of handling this is to develop a pathological narcissism, the most prominent characteristics of which are: egocentricity, extreme sensitivity to criticism, strong projective tendencies, lack of empathy as well as fantasies of grandiosity, open or concealed. The need for power may be compensatory for inner powerlessness and lack of self‐esteem. A leader will be more or less influenced by the role he/ she plays and by group processes in the organization. Today’s leaders are often influenced by criticism from inside and outside and this may foster narcissistic defences. Male leaders show greater tendencies to pathological narcissism, while female leaders are more inclined to renounce their role. Some research indicates that successful female leaders have all had very good relationships with their fathers. The differences between males and females in this area revert to the Greek myth. Also questions whether some of these differences may be the result of different treatment given by mothers to sons and daughters.
Leadership and management: Oedipal struggles in voluntary organizations
Authors: Dartington Tim
Published: September 2004

Investigates the relationship of employees to founding board members in voluntary organizations. Argues that unresolved conflicts are the source of much of the difficulty experienced in this field by the organizations. Concludes that because of this destructive element it is important that such organizations resolve these struggles at key stages in their growth.
Learning to evolve
Authors: Hines Peter , Holweg Matthias , Rich Nick
Published: September 2004

The application of lean thinking has made a significant impact both in academic and industrial circles over the last decade. Fostered by a rapid spread into many other industry sectors beyond the automotive industry, there has been a significant development and “localisation” of the lean concept. Despite successful “lean” applications in a range of settings however, the lean approach has been criticised on many accounts, such as the lack of human integration or its limited applicability outside high‐volume repetitive manufacturing environments. The resulting lack of definition has led to confusion and fuzzy boundaries with other management concepts. Summarising the lean evolution, this paper comments on approaches that have sought to address some of the earlier gaps in lean thinking. Linking the evolution of lean thinking to the contingency and learning organisation schools of thought, the objective of this paper is to provide a framework for understanding the evolution of lean not only as a concept, but also its implementation within an organisation, and point out areas for future research.
A strategic review of “supply networks”
Authors: Mills John , Schmitz Johannes , Frizelle Gerry
Published: September 2004

This review aims to provide researchers and managers interested in supply networks with a strategic review of this rapidly expanding field. It does not attempt a comprehensive review of the enormous and fast growing literature but does present the breadth and depth of research and practice in the area. The central aspect of the paper is to suggest that the field can be viewed from four perspectives which all researchers and managers implicitly or explicitly use: upstream, as purchaser; downstream, as supplier; static network, as an auditor of position within its supply network, typically comprising several supply chains, providing a static and comparative view; and dynamic network, as strategist, seeking opportunities to improve the firm's position in an existing network or creating a new network, providing a strategic, dynamic and long‐term view.
Environmental turbulence, strategic orientation
Authors: Stonebraker Peter W. , Liao Jianwen
Published: September 2004

Though supply chain integration has emerged in the past several decades as a major foundation for corporate competitiveness, there is a paucity of research devoted to the theory linking the corresponding strategic management notion of vertical integration with the applied concept of supply chain integration. Built on the work of Harrigan, this paper delineates supply chain integration as a multidimensional construct and proposes a model in which environmental turbulence and strategic orientation have a direct impact on the degree, stages, and breadth of supply chain integration. Contributions, limitations, and implications are offered.
Kansas City ‐ flexible manufacturing system
Authors: Dycus James P.
Published: September 2004

The Kansas City Division of Allied Signal Aerospace operates a flexible manufacturing system which is described. Its components ‐ machining centres, co‐ordinate measuring machines, AGVs and materials handling systems, wash station, central chip and coolant system, systems hardware, control system ‐ are outlined. The process flow activities are described along with the benefits of the system.
Design for assembly at the New York City Autoshow
Authors: Ranky Paul G.
Published: September 2004

The annual International New York City Autoshow is one of the largest automotive exhibitions in the USA. This year more than ten new concept cars and several hundred new automotive design ideas and products were demonstrated for the first time in the USA, and to the international public. This brief report is only an insight to some of the selected trends in design for assembly, manufacturing, quality (commonly referred to as DFx), concurrent engineering and sensor technology applications, ideas and solutions in various new concept cars, planned as production models for 2002 or later, as well as in some current models that are already in the showrooms.
Machine vision in automotive manufacturing
Authors: Shafi Adil
Published: September 2004

The resolution capabilities of cameras, modern pattern recognition algorithms, and the physical capabilities of robots allow for the creation of machine vision solutions in many production situations. In this paper, examples are given for using vision at various stages of automotive production. Specifically, machine vision is used for robust part inspection, operator part placement verification, 3D robotic guidance, and a combination thereof. These solutions to car‐making certainly suggest other applications in other industries. With new and more versatile robots with more and more sensitive and sophisticated pattern recognition systems, new applications are only limited by the imagination.
Optical inspection tools for the automotive industry
Authors: Connolly Christine
Published: September 2004

This paper deals with two aspects of optical inspection in the automotive industry: machine vision and colour measurement. Machine vision, by smart camera or by personal computer and camera, is used for such tasks as gauging, part identification and presence monitoring. In conjunction with local area networks it facilitates part tracking and quality documentation. Two new colour measurement instruments, a robot‐mounted multi‐angle spectrophotometer and a solid state eight‐waveband instrument, are used to inspect the colour on car bodies and sub‐components, respectively.
New on‐vehicle performance and emission monitoring system
Authors: Bogue Robert W.
Published: September 2004

This paper, describes a low cost, on‐vehicle performance and emission monitoring system, VPEMS, which was developed under the UK government's Faraday Partnership scheme. The system transmits vehicle and environmental data in real time to a master control center.
Measuring the density of dingo teeth with machine vision
Authors: Billingsley John , Withers Kerry
Published: September 2004

Collaboration between a mechatronics engineer and a biologist resulted in an unlikely application of machine vision. To deduce the density of the porous teeth, the volume had to be found. An expedient method was constructed for scanning the teeth before they had to be returned to their source and a simple method was derived for deducing their volume.
Bragg grating temperature sensors: modeling the effect of adhesion of polymeric coatings
Authors: Paul Jinu , Liping Zhao , Ngoi Bryan , Zhong Ping Fang
Published: September 2004

Polymeric coatings and packaging are often used to enhance the temperature sensitivity of fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors. The high thermal expansion coefficient of the polymer enhances the thermal sensitivity by improving the wavelength shift due to thermal expansion. The adhesion of the polymeric coatings to the silica based optical fiber plays an important role in the wavelength response characteristics of fiber Bragg gratings with respect to temperature. Experiments are done to qualitatively analyze the influence of adhesion. Three‐dimensional finite element simulations have been carried out. Spring elements are used to interconnect the nodes of the meshed models of optical fiber and coating. The effect of adhesion is studied as a function of spring stiffness.
Creating the right image
Authors: Braggins Don
Published: September 2004

Explains the implications of available options in solid state imaging sensors. Focuses on features of different types of imaging sensor, citing the most general division between types as being between area scan and line scan. Looks in some depth at these two types of sensor and goes on to consider factors such as asynchronous triggering, the separation of exposure and readout time and the maintenance of spatial digitization. Provides a list of supplier addresses.
Ultrasonic sensors and arc welding – a noisy mix
Authors: Freire Bastos Teodiano , Calderón L. , Martín J.M. , Ceres R.
Published: September 2004

Evaluates the applicability of ultrasonic sensors in a welding environment and reports on experimental measurements carried out with a sensory head containing ultrasonic transducers with different frequencies. Analyses the effects on the sensors of factors such as noise, temperature and shielding gas flow and concludes by suggesting appropriate protective measures for the sensors for them to operate effectively in a welding environment.
Acousto‐magnetics: stop the thief
Authors: Kochan Anna
Published: September 2004

Spotlights acousto‐magnetic technology and how it can be used to activate alarms (without false alarms). Assesses its suitability for reducing shop‐lifting compared with Swept RF technology.
Self‐diagnostic gas sensors which differentiate carbon monoxide from interference gases for residential applications
Authors: McGeehin Peter
Published: September 2004

Highlights lessons which can be learned about residential carbon monoxide detectors. States that four types of sensor technology can be applied and points out the drawbacks of three of these. Describes the fourth technology, used in SEMDEC sensors, and discusses tests carried out.
Bio‐chemical sensors
Authors: Monkman Gareth
Published: September 2004

Sheds light on why there is now such a proliferation of new chemical sensors. Describes various olfactory sensors and their differing uses. Concludes that in some areas, although not as efficient as traditional methods, sensors do have some merit.
Intelligent sensors
Authors: White Neil
Published: September 2004

Discusses the concept of intelligent sensors and presents a definition of the term. Provides examples of the benefits of using the intelligent sensor approach. Suggests possibilities for future use of intelligent sensors.
TESPAR paves the way for smart sensors
Authors: George Martin H.
Published: September 2004

Suggests that classical Fourier‐based methods are proving inadequate for the smart sensor concept. Presents a new approach labelled TESPAR (time encoded signal processing and recognition). Explains the nature of the process and outlines its performance advantages over conventional Fourier‐based methods.
Sensor gateway to fieldbuses
Authors: Paul Lane Derek
Published: September 2004

Describes the modularity and flexibility of the WAGO I/O systems allowing connectivity of sensors and actuators to PLCs and PCs via the major fieldbus systems, and concludes that a modular approach leads to a greater saving in installed costs, installation and commissioning times for factory automation projects.
A technical evaluation index for curtain wall and cladding facades
Authors: Chew M.Y.L. , Tan S.S. , Kang K.H.
Published: September 2004

An assessment framework derived from face‐to‐face interviews with building managers and comprehensive condition surveys of commercial buildings is proposed. Twenty‐eight parameters are identified and tested for significance in affecting the technical evaluation score for curtain wall and cladding facades. The proposed framework is intended as a practical benchmark to assess and document the existing condition of the facade and further assist in the proper management of the maintenance strategy of the facade throughout its whole service life.
Building users, owners and service providers: new relations and their effects
Authors: Kadefors Anna , Bröchner Jan
Published: September 2004

Corporate real estate management has undergone important changes in many countries. In recent years, companies have increasingly sold their facilities to external independent investors or placed their real estate in semi‐independent subsidiaries. Both manufacturing companies and real estate companies increasingly prefer to buy facilities management services from external contractors. This implies that new relations between users, owners and service providers emerge, where roles are separated in different legal entities without ownership links and are related to each other by explicit and formal contracts. This paper describes the Swedish development and discusses consequences for roles, relations and decision processes. Three key research areas are identified: how space supply and service management may be related to strategic levels of the core business; management of formal and informal aspects of interfirm relations over time; and decision making in the area of flexibility, generality and user adaptation of workspace.
Patient focused healthcare: an important concept for provision and management of space and services to the healthcare sector
Authors: Melin Anders , Granath Jan‐Åke
Published: September 2004

How will the relationship between patients, the service level and the geographic conditions in healthcare develop in the future? The task will be of great impact for location of new properties and the use of existing healthcare buildings. In order to improve healthcare space requirements, it is important to understand the expression “horizontal integrated care”. Defining terms will enhance the communication between providers, companies and individuals. The research also looks into the phenomenon of “local hospital”. The first step is to analyse these terms and describe the definitions from collected material obtained by a questionnaire, interviews and searches on the Web. The main issue is to give the conception a broad validity. This study gives a definition that can be shared by most parties in healthcare today and will enhance the communication in healthcare issues.
User‐centric facilities management: a de‐centralised approach
Authors: Cesar Gabriel Gerard , Ceccherelli Laura
Published: September 2004

This paper reviews the strategic aims and processes behind de‐centralising access as well as management of facilities management information and knowledge at the University of Sydney, in a bid to maintain the high level of facilities, improve service delivery, accountability, sustainability and ultimately, cost reduction. This was made possible by implementing an integrated facilities information management system with secure Web capabilities, interfaced with existing enterprise applications. This allowed university staff as well as external contractors for outsourced contracts, anytime anywhere, to access and manage corporate data, information, and knowledge needed to execute the organisation's overall business plan.
A generic model for creating organizational change and innovation in the building process
Authors: Korsvold Torbjørn , Sletbakk Ramstad Lone
Published: September 2004

Building on the empirical work of a doctoral dissertation on change management in the Norwegian building industry, this paper provides the outline of a generic innovation model for creating innovation and increased productivity in building projects. Central to this innovation model is the necessity for participative visualization of a common frame of reference. This is a shared understanding visualized as a joint enterprise image of the whole of the parts and the relationships of actual collective work practice integrating the planning and construction part of the building process as a whole. The model consists of three necessary arenas for knowledge development, being identified as “collective knowing”: “relational knowledge”, and “knowing how”. The paper concludes that the knowledge content of each arena continuously relates to one another in a dynamic and interdependent way constituting an actionable and generic model for innovation and productivity in the building process.
Successful Relocation Using Consultant Support
Authors: Ingrey‐Counter Ian , Biles Mike
Published: September 2004

Reviews the Welcome Trust move, with which the co‐author was involved,
which entailed bringing together 240 staff from four locations around
the Euston, London, area into one building of 200,000 sq. ft of mainly
cellular office space. The planning for the move began in 1985 and the
physical relocation took place in October 1992. “It was a very
complicated move,” said Mr Ingrey‐Counter, “because we had to bring
together such diverse features as the medical library and our many works
of art, in addition to the staff who had been working in four different
locations. It involved not only physical integration but also
cultural.” To assist in the logistics of the move Welcome engaged
relocation specialists Relocation Information Services who were brought
on board in July 1992.
Ten Principles of Corporate Real Estate Management
Authors: Bon Ranko
Published: September 2004

Offers a distillation of the central principles of corporate real estate
management into ten concise points covering – inter alia – matching
business and property strategies, monitoring property performance and
integrating the physical, financial and organizational aspects of
corporate real estate management.
What if you had a flood in your computer room?
Authors: Fitzgerald Kevin J.
Published: September 2004

Deals with the dangers to computer systems from flooding and water‐related hazards which so far appear to have been underestimated, and offers preventive and remedial advice to companies which may find themselves in such a position.
Working practices in the 1990s: the bottom line ‐ what now Mr Micawber?
Authors: Mackenzie Christine
Published: September 2004

Observes, from a personal viewpoint, the advantages and disadvantages of homeworking for both the person involved and the organization. Gives particular credence to the position of human resource (HR) policies in this regard as the link between homeworkers and HR strategy of the organization.
Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award leadership model
Authors: Prybutok Victor , Cutshall Robert
Published: September 2004

In this study, a Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA) criteria‐based survey was used to assess the quality status of organizations that employ quality professionals. The objective was to focus on the relationship between leadership (LS), information and analysis, human resource planning, process quality, and customer focus. The result was the development of an MBNQA‐based model that demonstrated the relationship between executive LS and the MBNQA factors.
Toward cyber‐centric management of policing: back to the future with information and communication technology
Authors: Hughes Vincent , Love Peter E.D.
Published: September 2004

A number of external and internal forces are influencing policing efforts to service the community. These external forces include public expectations for traditional services, and the State government's push towards new public management practices. Internal forces include legacy management practices and inappropriate asset holdings. While there have been a plethora of companies from the private sector that have successfully used information and communication technology (ICT) to address similar influences and ameliorate their performance, this has not been the case in the policing environment. To obtain the strategic, tactical and operational benefits that can be acquired through the adoption and widespread implementation of ICT, a framework is presented to enable virtual policing in Western Australia.
The role of clockspeed in outsourcing decisions for new technologies: insights from the prisoner’s dilemma
Authors: Perrons Robert K. , Platts Ken
Published: September 2004

Some research in the area of make‐buy decisions for new technologies suggests that it is a good idea for a company to pursue a fairly rigorous “make” policy in the early days of a potentially disruptive innovation. Other studies prescribe exactly the opposite, promoting instead a “buy” strategy. Drawing from observations and lessons from the Prisoner's Dilemma, this paper seeks to bridge the gap between these perspectives by suggesting that both strategies are valid, but that they are most successfully applied in different market environments. The “make” prescription may be more suited to either extremely fast or extremely slow rates of technological change, while a “buy” strategy might be more appropriate in market sectors where technologies evolve at a medium pace. This paper highlights the importance of industry clockspeed and supplier relationships in make‐buy decisions for new technologies, and puts forward two new hypotheses that require empirical testing.
Expert systems and the implementation of quality customer service
Authors: Eppinette Matt , Inman R. Anthony , Pick Roger Alan
Published: September 2004

Argues that expert systems are a useful tool in implementing quality customer service. Examines seven steps of customer service and illustrates how expert systems can support each step. Draws on the literature in the field to cite commercial installations of expert systems to support quality customer service.
An integrated production performance measurement system
Authors: De Toni Alberto , Nassimbeni Guido , Tonchia Stefano
Published: September 2004

Presents an original integrated production performance measurement system (IP2MS) based on a model able to examine simultaneously several production performances of different operation centres of a firm. The need for an integrated examination of the performances is of crucial importance for today’s manufacturers in order to achieve a competitive advantage. Obtains a quantitative and homogeneous appraisal of the production performances; furthermore, identifies activities responsible for the major differences between actual and desired levels of performance. The proposed model has been empirically tested in some significant medium‐large enterprises of Northern Italy.
Beyond the photocopy machine: document delivery in a hybrid library environment
Authors: Dekker Ronald , Waaijers Leo
Published: September 2004

Document delivery bridges the gap between where the customer is and where the document is. Libraries have to offer user‐friendly access to hybrid collections, and design and implement document delivery mechanisms from paper originals to provide a seamless integration between delivery from electronic and paper articles. Apart from improved service, a document delivery service provider could benefit internally from rationalising and automating the logistics of the delivery process. This article analyses the document delivery process, starting by defining five requirements for document delivery. By looking at document delivery from both the customer’s and the organisation’s perspective, the real needs of the customer are defined. From a basic distinction between the “search and find” function and the “order and receive” functions, the internal logistics of document delivery are analysed. The DocUTrans document delivery concept and system as used in Delft show how its implementation improves the whole system. The analysis itself can be highly beneficial.
To Russia with love. Copeter: a European Union project in St Petersburg for library co‐operation in general, ILDS in particular
Authors: Van Borm Julien
Published: September 2004

Russian libraries suffered greatly from the big changes after 1991. It took some time before new organizational structures and new types of library co‐operation were established. The European Union and other organisations have tried to be helpful by direct funding and by the transfer of know‐how. Focuses on the European Tempus project line is intended to develop higher education systems through co‐operation and the Copeter project is a good example thereof. Copeter aims to improve the union catalogues, the interlending and document ordering and delivery system and the supply of full text information in three major university libraries in St Petersburg (Russia).
The interlibrary loan network in Greece: a model that survives in the digital era
Authors: Tsimpoglou Filippos
Published: September 2004

The structure, operation and development phases of the Hellenic Interlibrary Loan Network (HILL‐net) are described and the pros and cons of the model, as well as the conclusions after nine years of operation are reported. The HILL‐net has been the first systematic collaborative activity among Hellenic libraries. After the shift of most member‐libraries to the digital era, the HILL‐net is coexisting, in a symbiotic and complementary way, with access to electronic journals. The network started its pilot operation in 1994, initially with six member‐libraries. It currently consists of 127 member‐libraries, located in Greece. The network is based on a radial model with all peripheral libraries connected through the Internet to a central Union Catalogue of Periodicals, installed on the server of the National Documentation Centre (NDC) in Athens. The system provides online search capabilities to the database of the union catalogue and offers facilities of online document ordering of articles included in the journal collections of the member libraries.
You may think that I could not possibly comment: a personal view of resource sharing in the UK over recent years along with major events that have impeded progress
Authors: Hendrix Frances
Published: September 2004

This paper traces the demise of joined up ILL across the Regional and National Libraries of the UK by the setting up of Unity (Combined Regions) and the change of status of LASER. It also documents the long‐term development of Viscount/V3 and the effect upon resource sharing along with other significant developments. Examines the new regional bodies and The People's Network in their contribution to, and effect upon, resource sharing. Details the history of LASER's development of electronic messaging and resource sharing from Viewdata through to Viscount and on to V3.Web.
Recent developments at CrossRef
Authors: Pentz Edward
Published: September 2004

Provides an update on the latest CrossRef developments. CrossRef is now four years old and has reached critical mass in terms of members, digital object identifiers (DOIs) deposited and use of DOIs in reference links in scholarly journals. CrossRef has changed its fees over the last year and is implementing new services to ensure that DOIs are widely disseminated and used to improve access to content to end‐user scientists and researchers.
An end user writes about accessing documents
Authors: McMillan John
Published: September 2004

The process by which particle physicists access documents is described. A number of useful resources are also identified and described.
Shopbot banking: an exploratory study of customer loyalty effects
Authors: Pedersen Per E. , Nysveen Herbjørn
Published: September 2004

Agent technology has been applied to design new services simplifying product and merchant brokering in several customer industries. The term “shopbots” is now generally used to characterize these services. Proposes that shopbots will make customers more rational and less loyal and that loyalty will be adversely affected. Proposes that different forms of loyalty are affected by shopbot access and that the effect of shopbots on loyalty may differ among customer groups. These propositions were tested in an experimental study of customers choosing a financial service provider. The findings suggest that cognitive loyalty is the loyalty form most affected by shopbot access and that the loyalty effects of shopbots depend upon customers’ past switching behavior. However, no effects of shopbots on stronger forms of loyalty were found. Even though this research is exploratory, it suggests that financial service providers may not fear the effects of shopbots on the behavior of their affective and conative loyal customers. It also suggests that to avoid the threat of shopbots, strong forms of loyalty should be developed in long‐term relationships between providers and customers.
The adoption of electronic banking technologies by US consumers
Authors: Kolodinsky Jane M. , Hogarth Jeanne M. , Hilgert Marianne A.
Published: September 2004

Is there an electronic banking (e‐banking) revolution in the USA? Millions of Americans are currently using a variety of e‐banking technologies and millions more are expected to come “online.” However, millions of others have not or will not. This paper explores factors that affect the of adoption or intention to adopt three e‐banking technologies and changes in these factors over time. Using a Federal Reserve Board commissioned data set, the paper finds that relative advantage, complexity/simplicity, compatibility, observability, risk tolerance, and product involvement are associated with adoption. Income, assets, education, gender and marital status, and age also affect adoption. Adoption changed over time, but the impacts of other factors on adoption have not changed. Implications for both the banking industry and public policy are discussed.
Consumer preferences and marketing strategies for “green shares”
Authors: Getzner Michael , Grabner‐Kräuter Sonja
Published: September 2004

Socially responsible investment (SRI) has gained importance as about one out of eight US dollars is currently invested based on screening in the USA. However, European private investors are generally much more reluctant to invest in shares, and in Austria, only 7 percent of private households hold shares. There is nevertheless some interest in “green shares” (a sub‐class of SRI comprising shares that are screened for their least impact on the environment) as a representative survey recently exhibited that 8 percent of respondents were definitely interested in holding “green shares”. Econometric estimates of an empirical model explaining the respondents' willingness to invest in green shares showed that education, income, environmental awareness and the expected profit are the main explanatory variables. Based on these results, conclusions are drawn regarding marketing strategies for “green shares”. In particular, credibility both regarding financial aspects (competitive return), and environmental and social criteria have to be guaranteed to make more consumers interested in investing in green shares.
Factors in gaining compliance toward an acceptable level of personal unsecured debt
Authors: Dellande Stephanie , Saporoschenko Andrew
Published: September 2004

This paper proposes a conceptualization of factors that influence the ability of individuals to reduce their personal unsecured debt levels, especially credit card debt. As such the paper's conceptualization offers relationship lessons for bank marketers in the USA and the UK, where bank credit cards are a key element of many bank marketing programs. A key contribution is the paper's focus on customer compliance behavior in a personal unsecured debt management program. Factors discussed within our conceptualization are behavioral variables and psychological variables. Also examined is the role of geographic and demographic explanatory variables in personal debt management program success.
Customers' perceptions of online retailing service quality and their satisfaction
Authors: Jun Minjoon , Yang Zhilin , Kim DaeSoo
Published: September 2004

Online service quality is one of the key determinants of the success of online retailers. This exploratory study revealed some important findings about online service quality. First, the study identified six key online retailing service quality dimensions as perceived by online customers: reliable/prompt responses, access, ease of use, attentiveness, security, and credibility. Second, of the six, three dimensions, notably reliable/prompt responses, attentiveness, and ease of use, had significant impacts on both customers' perceived overall service quality and their satisfaction. Third, the access dimension had a significant effect on overall service quality, but not on satisfaction. Finally, this study discovered a significantly positive relationship between overall service quality and satisfaction. Important managerial implications and recommendations are also presented.