bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The implications of signaling lipids in cancer metastasis
Authors: Luo Xiangjian , Zhao Xu , Cheng Can , Li Namei , Liu Ying , Cao Ya
Published: September 2018

Metastasis is the most malignant stage of cancer. Lipid metabolic abnormalities are now increasingly recognized as characteristics of cancer cells. The accumulation of certain lipid species, such as signaling lipids, due to the avidity of lipid metabolism may be a causal factor of tumor malignant progression and metastatic behavior. In this review, we first describe signaling lipids implicated in cancer migration, invasion and metastasis. Next, we summarize the regulatory signaling hubs of lipid anabolic and catabolic metabolism. We then address lipid-rich circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and the lipid composition of exosomes budded off from tumor cells. We also present advances in targeting the regulatory hubs of lipid metabolism and signaling lipids in cancer therapy. Given the complexity of metabolic disorders in cancer, the development of significant portfolios of approaches to target signaling lipids by the integration of multiple chemical modulations, as well as molecular imaging modalities, should offer promising strategies for cancer therapy.
Notch ligand Jagged1 promotes mesenchymal stromal cell-based cartilage repair
Authors: Sun Junkui , Luo Zhengliang , Wang Guangxi , Wang Yuping , Wang Yisheng , Olmedo Margaret , Morandi Massimo Max , Barton Shane , Kevil Christopher G. , Shu Bing , Shang Xifu , Dong Yufeng
Published: September 2018

Placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (PMSCs) provide a promising cell source for tissue regeneration. However, rapid induction of PMSC chondrogenic differentiation during therapeutic transplantation remains extremely challenging. Here we undertook a study to determine if Notch inhibition by soluble Jagged1 (JAG1) peptides could be utilized to accelerate PMSC-induced cartilage regeneration in a mouse post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) model. Our results showed that treatment of PMSCs with soluble JAG1 significantly enhanced chondrogenesis in culture as shown by increased alcian blue staining and decreased Notch target Hes1 expression when compared to those in lgG-treated control cells. Importantly, significantly enhanced cartilage formation and decreased joint inflammation were observed when JAG1-treated PMSCs were injected into mouse PTOA knee joints. Finally, in vivo cell tracing showed that more JAG1-treated PMSCs remained in knee joint tissues and that JAG1-treated PMSCs exhibited greater PMSC chondrogenic differentiation than lgG-treated control PMSCs at 4 weeks after injection. These data indicate that transient Notch inhibition by soluble JAG1 could be used to enhance PMSC survival and chondrogenic differentiation, thereby increasing the therapeutic potential of PMSCs for cartilage regeneration.
AP-4 vesicles contribute to spatial control of autophagy via RUSC-dependent peripheral delivery of ATG9A
Authors: Davies Alexandra K. , Itzhak Daniel N. , Edgar James R. , Archuleta Tara L. , Hirst Jennifer , Jackson Lauren P. , Robinson Margaret S. , Borner Georg H. H.
Published: September 2018

Adaptor protein 4 (AP-4) is an ancient membrane trafficking complex, whose function has largely remained elusive. In humans, AP-4 deficiency causes a severe neurological disorder of unknown aetiology. We apply unbiased proteomic methods, including ‘Dynamic Organellar Maps’, to find proteins whose subcellular localisation depends on AP-4. We identify three transmembrane cargo proteins, ATG9A, SERINC1 and SERINC3, and two AP-4 accessory proteins, RUSC1 and RUSC2. We demonstrate that AP-4 deficiency causes missorting of ATG9A in diverse cell types, including patient-derived cells, as well as dysregulation of autophagy. RUSC2 facilitates the transport of AP-4-derived, ATG9A-positive vesicles from the trans-Golgi network to the cell periphery. These vesicles cluster in close association with autophagosomes, suggesting they are the “ATG9A reservoir” required for autophagosome biogenesis. Our study uncovers ATG9A trafficking as a ubiquitous function of the AP-4 pathway. Furthermore, it provides a potential molecular pathomechanism of AP-4 deficiency, through dysregulated spatial control of autophagy.
Regulatory mechanisms of incomplete huntingtin mRNA splicing
Authors: Neueder Andreas , Dumas Anaelle A. , Benjamin Agnesska C. , Bates Gillian P.
Published: September 2018

Huntington’s disease is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in exon 1 of theHTTgene. We have previously shown that exon 1HTTdoes not always splice to exon 2 producing a small transcript (HTTexon1) that encodes the highly pathogenic exon 1 HTT protein. The mechanisms by which this incomplete splicing occurs are unknown. Here, we have generated a minigene system that recapitulates the CAG repeat-length dependence ofHTTexon1production, and has allowed us to define the regions of intron 1 necessary for incomplete splicing. We show that manipulation of the expression levels of the splicing factor SRSF6, predicted to bind CAG repeats, modulates this aberrant splicing event and also demonstrate that RNA polymerase II transcription speed regulates the levels ofHTTexon1production. Understanding the mechanisms by which this pathogenic exon 1 HTT is generated may provide the basis for the development of strategies to prevent its production.
Shu complex SWS1-SWSAP1 promotes early steps in mouse meiotic recombination
Authors: Abreu Carla M. , Prakash Rohit , Romanienko Peter J. , Roig Ignasi , Keeney Scott , Jasin Maria
Published: September 2018

The DNA-damage repair pathway homologous recombination (HR) requires factors that promote the activity of strand-exchange protein RAD51 and its meiosis-specific homolog DMC1. Here we show that the Shu complex SWS1-SWSAP1, a candidate for one such HR regulator, is dispensable for mouse viability but essential for male and female fertility, promoting the assembly of RAD51 and DMC1 on early meiotic HR intermediates. Only a fraction of mutant meiocytes progress to form crossovers, which are crucial for chromosome segregation, demonstrating crossover homeostasis. Remarkably, loss of the DNA damage checkpoint kinase CHK2 rescues fertility in females without rescuing crossover numbers. Concomitant loss of the BRCA2 C terminus aggravates the meiotic defects in Swsap1 mutant spermatocytes, suggesting an overlapping role with the Shu complex during meiotic HR. These results demonstrate an essential role for SWS1-SWSAP1 in meiotic progression and emphasize the complex interplay of factors that ensure recombinase function.
Metal-organic framework patterns and membranes with heterogeneous pores for flow-assisted switchable separations
Authors: Jeong Guan-Young , Singh Ajay K. , Kim Min-Gyu , Gyak Ki-Won , Ryu UnJin , Choi Kyung Min , Kim Dong-Pyo
Published: September 2018

Porous metal-organic-frameworks (MOFs) are attractive materials for gas storage, separations, and catalytic reactions. A challenge exists, however, on how to introduce larger pores juxtaposed with the inherent micropores in different forms of MOFs, which would enable new functions and applications. Here we report the formation of heterogeneous pores within MOF particles, patterns, and membranes, using a discriminate etching chemistry, called silver-catalyzed decarboxylation. The heterogeneous pores are formed, even in highly stable MOFs, without altering the original structure. A decarboxylated MOF membrane is shown to have pH-responsive switchable selectivity for the flow-assisted separation of similarly sized proteins. We envision that our method will allow the use of heterogeneous pores for massive transfer and separation of complex and large molecules, and that the capability for patterning and positioning heterogeneous MOF films on diverse substrates bodes well for various energy and electronic device applications.
Ingestion of subthreshold doses of environmental toxins induces ascending Parkinsonism in the rat
Authors: Anselmi L. , Bove C. , Coleman F. H. , Le K. , Subramanian M. P. , Venkiteswaran K. , Subramanian T. , Travagli R. A.
Published: September 2018

Increasing evidence suggests that environmental neurotoxicants or misfolded α-synuclein generated by such neurotoxicants are transported from the gastrointestinal tract to the central nervous system via the vagus nerve, triggering degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and causing Parkinson’s disease (PD). We tested the hypothesis that gastric co-administration of subthreshold doses of lectins and paraquat can recreate the pathology and behavioral manifestations of PD in rats. A solution containing paraquat + lectin was administered daily for 7 days via gastric gavage, followed by testing for Parkinsonian behavior and gastric dysmotility. At the end of the experiment, brainstem and midbrain tissues were analyzed for the presence of misfolded α-synuclein and neuronal loss in the SNpc and in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). Misfolded α-synuclein was found in DMV and SNpc neurons. A significant decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase positive dopaminergic neurons was noted in the SNpc, conversely there was no apparent loss of cholinergic neurons of the DMV. Nigrovagally-evoked gastric motility was impaired in treated rats prior to the onset of parkinsonism, the motor deficits of which were improved by l-dopa treatment. Vagotomy prevented the development of parkinsonian symptoms and constrained the appearance of misfolded α-synuclein to myenteric neurons. These data demonstrate that co-administration of subthreshold doses of paraquat and lectin induces progressive, l-dopa-responsive parkinsonism that is preceded by gastric dysmotility. This novel preclinical model of environmentally triggered PD provides functional support for Braak’s staging hypothesis of idiopathic PD.
A requirement for slc15a4 in imiquimod-induced systemic inflammation and psoriasiform inflammation in mice
Authors: Griffith Alexis D. , Zaidi Asifa K. , Pietro Ashley , Hadiono Matthew , Yang Jessica S. , Davis Rachel , Popkin Daniel L.
Published: September 2018

There is competing evidence that plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC), the most potent source of IFN-I, may initiate psoriasis. We targeted pDC function using the slc15a4feeble loss-of-function mouse whose pDC are unresponsive to TLR agonists. slc15a4feeble treated with the topical TLR7-agonist imiquimod (IMQ) demonstrated decreased epidermal thickening 24 hours post-treatment which was more pronounced by day 5 as compared to wildtype mice. These findings were specific to the acute IMQ model and not the protracted IL23 model that drives inflammation downstream of TLR activation. Systemically, slc15a4 was required for IMQ-induced weight loss and cutaneous accumulation of CD4+ and Siglec H+, but not CD11b+ cells. Consistent with this phenotype and the function of slc15a4, induction of IFN-I was virtually absent systemically and via cutaneous gene expression. Induction of other inflammatory cytokines (cytokine storm) was modestly blunted in slc15a4feeble except for inflammasome-associated genes consistent with slc15a4 being required for TLR7-mediated (but not inflammasome-mediated) inflammation downstream of IMQ. Surprisingly, only IFN-I gene expression was suppressed within IMQ-treated skin. Other genes including conserved psoriasiform trademark gene expression were augmented in slc15a4feeble versus littermate controls. Taken together, we have identified a role for slc15a4 but not canonical psoriasiform genes in the imiquimod model of psoriasiform dermatitis.
Control of source fertility on the eruptive activity of Piton de la Fournaise volcano, La Réunion
Authors: Vlastélic I. , Di Muro A. , Bachèlery P. , Gurioli L. , Auclair D. , Gannoun A.
Published: September 2018

The eruptive activity of basaltic hotspot volcanoes displays major fluctuations on times scales of years to decades. Theses fluctuations are thought to reflect changes in the rate of mantle melt supply. However, the crustal filter generally masks the mantle processes involved. Here, we show that the cyclic and generally increasing activity of the Piton de la Fournaise volcano (La Réunion) since the mid 20th century is tightly linked to the fertility of its source, as recorded by 87Sr/86Sr and incompatible trace elements ratios of lavas. We identify a twofold control of source fertility on eruptive activity: melt extraction from fertile, incompatible element-enriched veins initiates decadal-scale eruptive sequences, so that vein distribution in the plume source directly controls the cyclic activity. Indirectly, reactive flow of enriched melts increases mantle porosity and promotes melts extraction from the peridotite matrix. This process is thought to have caused a fourfold increase in magma supply between 1998 and 2014 at Piton de la Fournaise, and could also explain magma surges at other frequently active hotspot volcanoes, such as Kilauea, Hawaii. The short-term eruptive activity of hotspot volcanoes appears to be ultimately linked to the distribution and size of lithological heterogeneities in mantle plumes.
Machine learning and medical education
Authors: Kolachalama Vijaya B. , Garg Priya S.
Published: September 2018

Artificial intelligence (AI) driven by machine learning (ML) algorithms is a branch in computer science that is rapidly gaining popularity within the healthcare sector. Recent regulatory approvals of AI-driven companion diagnostics and other products are glimmers of a future in which these tools could play a key role by defining the way medicine will be practiced. Educating the next generation of medical professionals with the right ML techniques will enable them to become part of this emerging data science revolution.
Graphene-based Membranes
Authors: Liu Gongping , Jin Wanqin
Published: September 2018

Owing to their unique one-atom-thick structure, graphene and its derivatives (e.g., graphene oxide) have become emerging nano-building blocks for developing separation membranes. Extraordinary molecular separation properties for purifying water and gases have been demonstrated by graphene-based membranes, which has attracted a huge surge of interest during the last few years. Graphene and its derivatives can be processed into separation membranes with three types: porous graphene membranes, graphene laminate membranes and graphene-based hybrid membranes. This chapter will present the latest ground-breaking advances in both theoretical and experimental studies related to these graphene-based membranes, including their design, fabrication, characterization, as well as application for pressure filtration, pervaporation and gas separation.
Mass Transport Across Atomically Thin Membranes
Authors: Schlichting K.-P. , Park H. G.
Published: September 2018

Mass Transport across two-dimensional apertures and barriers differs significantly from the transport through three-dimensional conduits. Two-dimensional materials composed of one atomic layer offer a unique system to investigate possible mechanisms that govern the transfer across such pores. Small transport resistance to the cross-pore permeation caused by atomic thickness can invoke conventionally neglected surface effects in gas transport. Similarly, liquid and ionic transport across the two-dimensional pores is not governed by conventional continuum models, revealing new phenomena. Small liquid-flow resistance promises ultimate permeation such that membranes containing these two-dimensional pores could yield excellent separation membranes, given proper pore-size design and molecular interaction with the pore. An understanding of the fundamental transport mechanisms provides a basis for rational membrane design that is of interest in a broad range of applications such as in the petrochemical, environmental, biomedical, energy, as well as transportation industries.
Mechanisms of Selective Mass Transport through Graphene Oxide Membranes
Authors: Xu Zhiping
Published: September 2018

Selective mass transport in the forms of liquids, gases and ions is the fundamental process in filtration and separation applications. Membranes with porous microstructures have been widely applied in, for example, water treatment, gas separation and biomedical engineering. Graphene oxide (GO) membranes feature a layer-by-layer microstructure with embedded nanoscale interlayer galleries, channels, pores and slits that are highly selective for the transport of molecular species, while the atomistically smooth graphene walls allow enhanced slip flow, holding great promise in practical applications by offering high selectivity and permeability. Moreover, fluid–wall interactions and membrane microstructures can be finely tuned by functionalization of the GO sheets and control of their assembly processes. The GO membrane is thus also a model material for mechanistic studies, to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of selective mass transport in nanoscale channels. In this chapter, we will review the current understanding of nanoscale fluidic transport processes in the hierarchical pathway of GO membranes, based on recent theoretical and experimental progress.
Graphene-based Membranes for Water Desalination Applications
Authors: Goh P. S. , Ismail A. F.
Published: September 2018

Wastewater treatment and desalination using membrane technology is an energy efficient and environmentally friendly alternative to address global water shortage issues. Currently, the development of novel desalination membranes by various approaches has become the research hotspot to enhance desalination performance in terms of selectivity and permeability, as well as to minimize energy consumption and operating costs. Owing to the advances made in the field of nanomaterials sciences, tremendous efforts have been devoted to heightening membrane performance through the direct use or incorporation of nanomaterials. Owing to their exceptional structural properties and mechanical strength, carbon-based nanomaterials such as graphene and its derivatives have emerged as attractive materials for the development of membranes. This chapter provides insight into the potential and recent progress of graphene-based membranes for desalination application.
Diagnosis of pancreatic cancervia1H NMR metabolomics of human plasma
Authors: Michálková Lenka , Horník Štěpán , Sýkora Jan , Habartová Lucie , Setnička Vladimír
Published: September 2018

The investigation of blood plasmavia1H NMR metabolomics revealed a panel of potential biomarkers of pancreatic cancer.
Simplified identification of disulfide, trisulfide, and thioether pairs with 213 nm UVPD
Authors: Bonner James , Talbert Lance E. , Akkawi Nicholas , Julian Ryan R.
Published: September 2018

Disulfide heterogeneity and other non-native crosslinks introduced during therapeutic antibody production and storage could have considerable negative effects on clinical efficacy, but tracking these modifications remains challenging.
A mixed-ion strategy to construct CNT-decorated Co/N-doped hollow carbon for enhanced oxygen reduction
Authors: Feng Taotao , Zhang Meining
Published: September 2018

A series of carbon nanotube-decorated Co/N-doped hollow carbon (CNTs-Co/NHC) hybrids are precisely controlled by using a mixed-ion strategy.
A membrane-free interfacial battery with high energy density
Authors: Xu Pengcheng , Xie Congxin , Wang Chenhui , Lai Qinzhi , Wang Wei , Zhang Huamin , Li Xianfeng
Published: September 2018

A new concept of the membrane-free interfacial battery was designed and presented.
Rose-like CuS microflowers and their enhanced visible-light photocatalytic performance
Authors: Zhao Lijuan , Zhou Lei , Sun Chengcheng , Gu Yarong , Wen Weijia , Fang Xiaosheng
Published: September 2018

Surfactant-free rose-like copper sulfide (CuS) microflowers were prepared by a simple one-pot solvothermal method in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF).
The RbSr2Σ+ground state investigatedviaspectroscopy of hot and ultracold molecules
Authors: Ciamei Alessio , Szczepkowski Jacek , Bayerle Alex , Barbé Vincent , Reichsöllner Lukas , Tzanova Slava M. , Chen Chun-Chia , Pasquiou Benjamin , Grochola Anna , Kowalczyk Pawel , Jastrzebski Wlodzimierz , Schreck Florian
Published: September 2018

A synthesis of information fromab initiocalculations and molecular spectroscopy allows a comprehensive description of the RbSr2Σ+ground-state potential.
Tunable upconversion in a nanocrystal–organic molecule hybrid: reabsorptionvs.resonant energy transfer
Authors: Li Chaojun , Liu Xiaofeng , Qiu Jianrong
Published: September 2018

Organic semiconductors, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are typically not responsive to near infrared (NIR) light due to their relatively large bandgaps.
Evolution of optical properties and electronic structures: band gaps and critical points in MgxZn1−xO (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) thin films
Authors: Shi Yue-Jie , Zhang Rong-Jun , Chen Xin , Wang Lei , Chen Lei , Huang Qing-Hua , Li Da-Hai , Zheng Yu-Xiang , Wang Song-You , Dai Ning , Chen Liang-Yao
Published: September 2018

We investigated the evolution of the optical properties and electronic structures in MgxZn1−xO films to reveal band structure modification and excitonic features.
Fabrication and simulation of V-shaped Ag nanorods as high-performance SERS substrates
Authors: Li Jianghao , Fan Yihang , Xue Xiaotian , Ma Lingwei , Zou Sumeng , Fei Zhu , Xie Zheng , Zhang Zhengjun
Published: September 2018

V-shaped AgNRs have a higher SERS sensitivity than straight AgNRs and their resonance wavelengths can be tuned linearly.
“Push–push and push–pull” polystannanes
Authors: Dhindsa J. S. , Jacobs B. F. , Lough A. J. , Foucher D. A.
Published: September 2018

Alternating “Push–pull” and “push–push” polystannanes prepared by condensation of tin diamides and tin dihydrides are described.
Trigonal layered rosiaite-related antiferromagnet MnSnTeO6: ion-exchange preparation, structure and magnetic properties
Authors: Nalbandyan V. B. , Evstigneeva M. A. , Vasilchikova T. M. , Bukhteev K. Yu. , Vasiliev A. N. , Zvereva E. A.
Published: September 2018

Ion-exchange treatment of Na2SnTeO6 in molten salt mixtures resulted in rosiaite (PbSb2O6)-related MnSnTeO6.
Comparing the reactivity of isomeric phosphinoferrocene nitrile and isocyanide in Pd(ii) complexes: synthesis of simple coordination compoundsvs. preparation of P-chelated insertion products and Fischer-type carbenes
Authors: Škoch Karel , Císařová Ivana , Uhlík Filip , Štěpnička Petr
Published: September 2018

While phosphinoferrocene nitrile behaves as a functional phosphine, the isomeric isocyanide reacts by P-coordination and CN insertion, giving chelate products.
A liver-immune coculture array for predicting systemic drug-induced skin sensitization
Authors: Chong Lor Huai , Li Huan , Wetzel Isaac , Cho Hansang , Toh Yi-Chin
Published: September 2018

Recapitulation of liver-immune interactions in a microfluidic compartmentalized coculture array is sufficient to accurately predict systemic drug-induced skin sensitization.
The emerging chemical patterns applied in predicting human toll-like receptor 8 agonists
Authors: Huang Shuheng , Mei Hu , Zhang Duo , Ren Yubin , Kevin MuliadiYeremia , Pan Xianchao
Published: September 2018

Emerging chemical pattern was utilized to predict hTLR8 agonists with satisfied prediction accuracies.
Exploring the chelating capacity of 2-hydroxyphenyl-benzimidazole based hybrids with multi-target ability as anti-Alzheimer's agents
Authors: Chaves Sílvia , Hiremathad Asha , Tomás Daniel , Keri Rangappa S. , Piemontese Luca , Santos M. Amélia
Published: September 2018

Donepezil and tacrine hybrids, containing a 2-hydroxyphenyl-benzimidazole chelating moiety and with multifunctional anti-AD activity, are evaluated in terms of metal (Cu and Zn) chelating capacity.
Preparation of a monolith MnOx–CeO2/La–Al2O3 catalyst and its properties for catalytic oxidation of toluene
Authors: Zhou Xiaoying , Lai Xiaoxiao , Lin Tao , Feng Jie , Hou Zhongyan , Chen Yaoqiang
Published: September 2018

The catalyst DP-MnCe prepared by the deposition–precipitation method has the best catalytic activity for toluene oxidation.
A novel polymeric micelle-decorated Fe3O4/Au core–shell nanoparticle for pH and reduction-responsive intracellular co-delivery of doxorubicin and 6-mercaptopurine
Authors: Ghorbani Marjan , Mahmoodzadeh Farideh , Nezhad-Mokhtari Parinaz , Hamishehkar Hamed
Published: September 2018

The synergistic antitumor activity against MCF-7 cells was confirmed by co-delivery of doxorubicin and 6-mercaptopurine via dual pH/reduction-responsive nanoparticles.
Design and application of a fluorogenic receptor for selective sensing of cations, small neutral molecules, and anions
Authors: Kumar Navnita , Mandal Sanjay K.
Published: September 2018

An unprecedented single multi-analyte fluorogenic receptor, a sodium salt of N-(methyl-2-thiophenyl)-tyrosine (NaHTyrthio), is reported for the selective sensing of cations (Cu2+), small neutral molecules (nitrobenzene and aniline) and anions (F−) by variable spectral responses.
Inherently chiralcone-calix[4]arenesviaa subsequent upper rim ring-closing/opening methodology
Authors: Berrocal José Augusto , Baker Matthew B. , Baldini Laura , Casnati Alessandro , Di Stefano Stefano
Published: September 2018

The introduction of a lactone moiety spanning the distal positions in the upper rim ofcone-calix[4]arenes allows the preparation of inherently chiral derivatives.
An efficient synthesis of triazolium ion based NHC precursors using diaryliodonium salts and their photophysical properties
Authors: Pilania Meenakshi , Rohman Mostofa Ataur , Arun V. , Mehra Manish Kumar , Mitra Sivaprasad , Kumar Dalip
Published: September 2018

Triazolium salts were prepared by copper-catalyzed N-arylation of fused triazoles using diaryliodonium salts. These salts could behave as versatile NHC catalysts and fluorescent probes.
Structure-based protein engineering enables prenyl donor switching of a fungal aromatic prenyltransferase
Authors: Mai Peter , Zocher Georg , Stehle Thilo , Li Shu-Ming
Published: September 2018

Structure-guided molecular modelling and site-directed mutagenesis of the tryptophan dimethylallyl transferase FgaPT2 led to creation of mutants with strongly enhanced activities towards geranyl and farnesyl diphosphates.
Gold(i)-catalysed high-yielding synthesis of indenes by direct Csp3–H bond activation
Authors: Nahide Pradip D. , Jiménez-Halla J. Oscar C. , Wrobel Katarzyna , Solorio-Alvarado César R. , Ortiz Alvarado Rafael , Yahuaca-Juárez Berenice
Published: September 2018

A catalytic, practical and high-yielding procedure for the synthesis of indenes by direct Csp3–H activation under gold(i) catalysis was developed.
Cp*Co(iii)-catalysed selective alkylation of C–H bonds of arenes and heteroarenes with α-diazocarbonyl compounds
Authors: Ghorai Jayanta , Chaitanya Manthena , Anbarasan Pazhamalai
Published: September 2018

Cp*Co(iii)-catalysed selective alkylation of directed C–H bonds of arenes and heteroarenes has been accomplished employing donor–acceptor carbenes, derived from α-diazocarbonyl compounds.
Development of photoswitchable inhibitors for β-galactosidase
Authors: Rustler Karin , Mickert Matthias J. , Nazet Julian , Merkl Rainer , Gorris Hans H. , König Burkhard
Published: September 2018

Azobenzene-based light-controllable derivatives of 2-phenylethyl β-d-thiogalactoside astrans-active competitive inhibitors for β-galactosidase fromEscherichia coli.
Role of ATP during the initiation of microvascularization: acceleration of an autocrine sensing mechanism facilitating chemotaxis by inorganic polyphosphate
Authors: Müller Werner E.G. , Ackermann Maximilian , Tolba Emad , Neufurth Meik , Ivetac Ivan , Kokkinopoulou Maria , Schröder Heinz C. , Wang Xiaohong
Published: September 2018

The in vitro tube formation assay with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was applied to identify the extra- and intracellular sources of metabolic energy/ATP required for cell migration during the initial stage of microvascularization. Extracellularly, the physiological energy-rich polymer, inorganic polyphosphate (polyP), applied as biomimetic amorphous calcium polyP microparticles (Ca-polyP-MP), is functioning as a substrate for ATP generation most likely via the combined action of the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the adenylate kinase (AK). The linear Ca-polyP-MP with a size of 40 phosphate units, close to the polyP in the acidocalcisomes in the blood platelets, were found to increase endothelial cell tube formation, as well as the intracellular ATP levels. Depletion of extracellular ATP with apyrase suppressed tube formation during the initial incubation period. Inhibition experiments revealed that inhibitors (levamisole and Ap5A) of the enzymes involved in extracellular ATP generation strongly reduce the Ca-polyP-MP-induced tube formation. The stimulatory effect of Ca-polyP-MP was also diminished by the glycolysis inhibitor oxamate and trifluoperazine which blocks endocytosis, as well as by MRS2211, an antagonist of the P2Y13 receptor. Oligomycin, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial F0F1-ATP synthase, displayed no effect at lower concentrations on tube formation. Electron microscopic data revealed that after cellular uptake, the Ca-polyP-MP accumulate close to the cell membrane. We conclude that in HUVEC exposed to polyP, ATP is formed extracellularly via the coupled ALP-AK reaction, and intracellularly during glycolysis. The results suggest an autocrine signaling pathway of ATP with polyP as an extracellular store of metabolic energy for endothelial cell migration during the initial vascularization process.
N-terminal acetylation and methylation differentially affect the function of MYL9
Authors: Nevitt Chris , Tooley John G. , Schaner Tooley Christine E.
Published: September 2018

Deciphering the histone code has illustrated that acetylation or methylation on the same residue can have analogous or opposing roles. However, little is known about the interplay between these post-translational modifications (PTMs) on the same nonhistone residues. We have recently discovered that N-terminal acetyltransferases (NATs) and N-terminal methyltransferases (NRMTs) can have overlapping substrates and identified myosin regulatory light chain 9 (MYL9) as the first confirmed protein to occur in either α-amino-methylated (Nα-methyl) or α-amino-acetylated (Nα-acetyl) states in vivo. Here we aim to determine if these PTMs function similarly or create different MYL9 proteoforms with distinct roles. We use enzymatic assays to directly verify MYL9 is a substrate of both NRMT1 and NatA and generate mutants of MYL9 that are exclusive for Nα-acetylation or Nα-methylation. We then employ eukaryotic cell models to probe the regulatory functions of these Nα-PTMs on MYL9. Our results show that, contrary to prevailing dogma, neither of these modifications regulate the stability of MYL9. Rather, exclusive Nα-acetylation promotes cytoplasmic roles of MYL9, while exclusive Nα-methylation promotes the nuclear role of MYL9 as a transcription factor. The increased cytoplasmic activity of Nα-acetylated MYL9 corresponds with increased phosphorylation at serine 19, a key MYL9 activating PTM. Increased nuclear activity of Nα-methylated MYL9 corresponds with increased DNA binding. Nα-methylation also results in a decrease of interactions between the N-terminus of MYL9 and a host of cytoskeletal proteins. These results confirm that Nα-acetylation and Nα-methylation differentially affect MYL9 function by creating distinct proteoforms with different internal PTM patterns and binding properties.
Emerging role of extracellular vesicles in mediating cancer cachexia
Authors: Chitti Sai V. , Fonseka Pamali , Mathivanan Suresh
Published: September 2018

Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial metabolic syndrome characterized by the rapid loss of skeletal muscle mass with or without the loss of fat mass. Nearly 50–80% of all cancer patients' experience rapid weight loss results in ∼20% of cancer-related deaths. The levels of pro-inflammatory and pro-cachectic factors were significantly up-regulated in cachexia patients when compared with the patients who were without cachexia. It is becoming evident that these factors work synergistically to induce cancer cachexia. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes and microvesicles are implicated in cell–cell communication, immune response, tissue repair, epigenetic regulation, and in various diseases including cancer. It has been reported that these EVs regulate cancer progression, metastasis, organotropism and chemoresistance. In recent times, the role of EVs in regulating cancer cachexia is beginning to unravel. The aim of this mini article is to review the recent knowledge gained in the field of EVs and cancer cachexia. Specifically, the role of tumour cell-derived EVs in promoting catabolism in distally located skeletal muscles and adipose tissue will be discussed.
Optimisation of inductive telemetry links in an implantable medical device for a wireless range of 25 cm
Authors: John B. , Spink C. , Braunschweig M. , Ranjan R. , Schroeder D. , Koops A. , Woldt G. , Adam G. , Krautschneider W.H.
Published: September 2018

The optimisation of inductive telemetry link for increasing wireless range of a medical implant device is studied in detail. An active implant device using separate wireless power and data links at 2 MHz and 420 kHz has been fabricated and tested. A test setup consisting of RF power transmitter and data reader hardware has been implemented. Measurement results show that the fabricated device achieved a wireless range of 25 cm.
Bathtub curve as a Markovian process to describe the reliability of repairable components
Authors: Alvarez‐Alvarado Manuel S. , Jayaweera Dilan
Published: September 2018

This study presents a novel mathematical formulation to describe repairable components reliability model based on their bathtub curve and repair rate behaviour. The model is derived from the concept of Markov chain, which allows defining component's lifetime process. In addition, the formulation brings components’ degradation quantification. The proposed approach presents a pathway to develop an accurate reliability model for reliability assessments as shown in the presented case study.
Endmember extraction from hyperspectral imagery based on QR factorisation using givens rotations
Authors: Gan Yuquan , Hu Bingliang , Liu Weihua , Wang Shuang , Zhang Geng , Feng Xiangpeng , Wen Desheng
Published: September 2018

Hyperspectral images are mixtures of spectra of materials in a scene. Accurate analysis of hyperspectral image requires spectral unmixing. The result of spectral unmixing is the material spectral signatures and their corresponding fractions. The materials are called endmembers. Endmember extraction equals to acquire spectral signatures of the materials. In this study, the authors propose a new hyperspectral endmember extraction algorithm for hyperspectral image based on QR factorisation using Givens rotations (EEGR). Evaluation of the algorithm is demonstrated by comparing its performance with two popular endmember extraction methods, which are vertex component analysis (VCA) and maximum volume by householder transformation (MVHT). Both simulated mixtures and real hyperspectral image are applied to the three algorithms, and the quantitative analysis of them is presented. EEGR exhibits better performance than VCA and MVHT. Moreover, EEGR algorithm is convenient to implement parallel computing for real‐time applications based on the hardware features of Givens rotations.
Selected issues of control voltage source inverter with self-excited synchronous generator as DC grid voltage source
Authors: Kozak Maciej
Published: September 2018

Synchronous self-excited generators are the most popular AC voltage sources installed in power plants of seagoing vessels. Because of fuel savings varying revolutions Diesel drives can be found on selected types of ships (platform support vessels, cable layers, tug boats etc.). Very interesting issue is use of such type of alternator working with inverter acting as rectifier in direct current grid system. In direct current type of electrical grid the problems with synchronization and reactive power balance are absent. As the control method most suitable to use is modified version of field oriented control (FOC) known from induction machines. Aforementioned method involves decoupling of currents and control voltages to flux and torque components and keeping them in the most optimal condition. Theoretical background of inverter and synchronous generator adopted FOC control method along with numerical situations and experimental results obtained in laboratory test bench of such a system were included in following article.
Solving fractional circuits with sinusoidal sources by using the gcdAlpha method
Authors: Sowa Marcin
Published: September 2018

This paper concerns a study being part of a larger project aiming at solutions of problems with fractional time derivatives. The presented study concerns gcdAlpha – a semi-analytical method for solving fractional differential equations. The basis of the method is recalled along with the general form of problems it was designed to solve. Sources represented by sinusoidal time functions are considered and the general formulae for gcdAlpha are presented for this case. An exemplary circuit problem (containing fractional elements and a sinusoidal source) has been brought forward and solved. The results are compared with ones obtained through a solver basing on the numerical method called SubIval.
Heat transfer coefficient α of insulation liquid used in power transformers, based on measurements
Authors: Goscinski Przemyslaw , Nadolny Zbigniew
Published: September 2018

Proper work of the power transformer is determined by many factors. One of them is relatively low operating temperature of the transformer. Too high temperature has many negative consequences, such as fast aging process of the insulation system. The temperature depends on the load of transmission line, losses and heat exchange in transformer. Heat exchange depends on heat transfer factor α of insulation liquid, which is a component of insulation system of transformer. This factor depends on many factors: the type of insulation liquid, the length of the heating element (windings), temperature, winding surface heat load, the winding position (vertical, horizontal), place on the winding (upper, middle or bottom part). The article presents the results of the measurement of heat transfer factor α as a function of type of insulation liquid, winding surface heat load, and place on the windings. The results will be used by designers and operators of power transformers.
Applying of hygroscopic materials to dry transformer insulation
Authors: Cybulski Mateusz , Przybylek Piotr
Published: September 2018

The problems related to the effects of high moisture content in the transformer insulation system and the risk resulting from the need for its immediate drying can be avoided by using a non-invasive method of continuous drying of solid insulation by means of high hygroscopic sorbents. The article compared the hygroscopicity of selected sorbents: molecular sieves 3A, 5A and 13X, aluminum oxide and silica gel. It was found that the highest hygroscopicity, for a low value of relative air humidity, is characterized by a 13X molecular sieve. For this reason, this material was selected for further testing by checking its ability to dry mineral oil.
The use of computer simulations and measurements in determining the energy efficiency of photovoltaic installations
Authors: Bugała Artur , Bednarek Karol
Published: September 2018

The paper presents an analysis of the energy efficiency of a photovoltaic installation connected to the AC power grid. Forecasting of energy yield was carried out in two ways: with the use of PVSol software, as well as physical measurements of daily electricity production. On that basis, a statistical correlation between the results obtained from measurements and computer calculations was determined.
Active and reactive power regulation in doubly fed asynchronous generator
Authors: Jędryczka Cezary , Prościak Jacek
Published: September 2018

The paper deals with active and reactive power regulation in doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) installed in the wind energy conversion system (WECS). The mathematical model of the studied machine has been proposed and suited for implementation of the field oriented control algorithm (FOC). The control strategy for decoupling the active and reactive power regulation has been proposed and implemented in Matlab/Simulink environment. Selected results of simulations have been presented and discussed.
Comparison of different configurations of the solar and wind power supply system with energy storage using Matlab
Authors: Głuchy Damian , Jarmuda Tomasz , Tomczewski Andrzej
Published: September 2018

In the study the hybrid model of the solar and wind power supply system with electrochemical energy storage developed in MATLAB & SIMULINK and MS Visual Studio environments was presented. Simulation tests of the system with rated power of 60 kW were conducted in different configurations of connections with the receiver with the set load characteristics. For each configuration of the system the length of periods with no power supply of the receiver was calculated along with the value of the energy consumed and given to the power grid in the case of application of the electrochemical storage and its lack.
Development time for initiating the mechanisms of electrical breakdown in vacuum
Authors: Twardosz Grzegorz , Opydo Władysław , Bieliński Kazimierz
Published: September 2018

The paper presents the development time of the slowest basic physical phenomena occurring in the mechanisms initiating the electrical breakdown in vacuum. The phenomena mentioned above are for the most part decisive for the delay in initiating the electrical breakdown.
Simulation and experimental model of power electronics UPS converter with the possibility of active parallel compensation
Authors: Krystkowiak Michał , Ciepliński Łukasz
Published: September 2018

In the article the elaborated simulation and experimental models of the power electronics UPS converter with the possibility of active parallel compensation were described. The power circuits, control algorithms and the principle of working of presented UPS structure were presented. Also the chosen simulation and experimental results were analyzed.
The influence of switched reluctance generator winding parameters on output power at different rotational speeds
Authors: Sliwiński Artur , Wrobel Krzysztof , Tomczewski Krzysztof
Published: September 2018

The paper presents the influence of the winding parameters of a switched reluctance generator on output power at different rotational speeds. All tested generators were designed on the basis of the same magnetic circuit. In the paper the influence of windings parameters on current and torque dependence on the rotor position angle are shown. The calculations were performed in the authors’ own computing environment dedicated to optimisation, based on a two-stage genetic algorithm. A FEMM program was used for magnetostatic calculations, whereas the dynamic calculations were performed on the authors’ own simulation program. The basic parameters of the tested generators were determined during the study.
Analysis of the impact of quick charge technology on the charging process parameters of the lithium-ion storage at various temperatures
Authors: Burzyński Damian , Głuchy Damian , Godek Maksymilian
Published: September 2018

The paper deals with the subject of influence of the Quick Charge technology on the parameters of the charging process of lithium-ion cells. Tests of lithium-ion cell parameters during the charging process were performed at three different temperatures using conventional and accelerated charging. Also, the following paper comprises conclusions related to the conducted tests.
Data bus modelling in city buses
Authors: Jajczyk Jarosław , Lorkiewicz Wojciech
Published: September 2018

The paper characterizes ICT networks used in urban buses. It describes the multiplex system manufactured by Continental VOD and the ELSY multicomputer system manufactured by Thoreb, Differences in the structure and functioning of both systems were presented. Based on the Thoreb system, a test station for the modelling of a complex data bus used in city buses has been designed and built.
Constrained optimization using penalty function method combined with genetic algorithm
Authors: Knypiński Łukasz , Kowalski Krzysztof , Nowak Lech
Published: September 2018

In the paper the way of adaptation of the penalty function method to the genetic algorithm is presented. In case of application of the external penalty function, the penalty term may exceed the value of the primary objective function. This means, that the value of the modified objective function is negative, while in genetic algorithm the adaptation must be of positive value, especially it in the selection procedure utilizes the roulette method. The sigmoidal transformation is applied to solve this problem. The computer software is developed in the Delphi environment. The proposed approach is applied to optimization of the electromagnetic linear actuator.
The solutions used for long wave thermographic cameras designed for observing elements in SMD housings
Authors: Dziarski Krzysztof , Parzych Joanna
Published: September 2018

The article presents example detector matrices used in long wave thermographic cameras facilitating observations of elements enclosed in SMD housings. Infrared radiation detector matrices parameters and an optical system used in modern long wave thermographic cameras are discussed. The criteria for selecting camera parameters and their impact on the performed measurement are considered.
The control and visualisation system in an intelligent building
Authors: Nowak Rafał , Pietrasz Aleksandra , Trzmiel Grzegorz
Published: September 2018

This publication contains the description of the design of PLC-based comfort control system, interoperating with the safety system, whereby the said interoperation is subject to the master control and visualisation that uses the SCADA software. The introduction presents the description of the respective elements integrated into one system. Further on, the paper includes design assumptions and the principle of operation of the comfort control system. The article ends with conclusions.
Incorporation of nano-modified material in the production of smart concrete
Authors: Sokrai Prakasit , Makul Natt
Published: September 2018

This article presented a review on the nano-modified smart concrete. Incorporating particles that are nanoscale in size into concrete may result in radically improved properties compared to concrete that has only conventional grain-size materials of the same chemical composition. Thus, it may be possible to re-engineer many existing products and to design new products that function at unprecedented levels and even in unprecedented ways.
Kinetic analysis of co-combustion of microalgae spirulina platensis and synthetic waste through the fitting model
Authors: Sukarni Sukarni , Prasetiyo Ardianto , Sumarli Sumarli , Nauri Imam Muda , Permanasari Avita Ayu
Published: September 2018

Thermogravimetric analyzer had been occupied to investigate the behavior of co-combustion between microalgae Spirulina platensis and synthetic waste. The powder of microalgae and synthetic waste were mixed in the same ratio of 50/50. Around 10 mg of the sample was heated up in the chamber under air atmosphere flowrate of 100 ml/min at a heating rate of 10 °C/min. The results showed that the sample blend is undergoing thermal degradation in the three stages. The most massive reaction occurred in the second stage in which around 74% of the mass degraded and combusted. The activation energy in the main combustion reaction zone according to the method of Horowitz–Metzger was 57.77 kJ/mol.