bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of neonatal mortality among hospitalised neonates with sepsis at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Mangwiro Lucky , Misyenje Joseph , Iroh Tam Pui-Ying , Kawaza Kondwani , Nyondo Mipando Alinane Linda
Published: December 2024

Neonatal sepsis-related deaths remain a significant health problem contributing to higher morbidity and mortality rates, particularly in low resource settings, such as Malawi. However, there is limited information to associate risk factors and health system factors with mortality. This study investigated the risk factors associated with mortality and explored health system factors contributing to deaths among neonates with sepsis at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH), Blantyre, Malawi. This mixed-method study utilised a convergent parallel approach to describe the determinants of neonatal mortality among neonates with sepsis. We selected this design because it allowed the researchers to triangulate, support and enhance the internal and external validity of the results. We retrospectively reviewed 237 neonatal records using a simple random sampling technique for cross-sectional quantitative data. Exploratory qualitative data was collected using a semi-structured interview guide from 10 purposively selected healthcare workers directly involved in providing neonatal care through in-depth interviews. Quantitative data were analysed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression in Stata v.14; qualitative data were analysed manually using a thematic analysis approach. We found that gestation age (OR 0.76 (95% CI: 0.58, 0.99), p-value = 0.040) and number of days spent in the hospital (OR 0.64 (95% CI: 0.48, 0.85), p-value = 0.002) were the most predictive risk factors. The qualitative inquiry showed the maternal behavioural factors; reporting late to hospital, cultural and religious beliefs; maternal health related factors: prolonged labour, unnecessary vaginal examinations, premature rupturing of membranes; Neonatal factors: prematurity, meconium aspiration, home deliveries and lastly, health system factors included delay in treatment, referrals and blood culture results, limited resources contributed to documented clinical outcomes. Determinants of neonatal mortality were gestation age, number of days spent in the hospital, maternal behavioural and health related, neonatal and health system factors. Reducing mortality among neonates with sepsis will require a multi-sectoral approach.
Risk assessment of pesticide residues ingestion in food offered by institutional restaurant menus
Authors: da Silva Thuany Matias , Seabra Larissa Mont’Alverne Jucá , Colares Luciléia Granhen Tavares , de Araújo Barbara Lettyccya Pereira Chacon , Pires Vanessa Cristina da Costa , Rolim Priscilla Moura
Published: December 2024

The chronic ingestion of pesticide residues through food appears to be a global public health issue, especially in Brazil. This study evaluates 120 menus across six Brazilian institutional restaurants, estimating the allowance of active pesticide ingredients, residue characterization, and chronic exposure risk through food. Data analysis reveals 263 authorized active ingredients, predominantly insecticides (43%), fungicides (40%), and herbicides (14%) for use in 40 foods. Notably, 4% of residues are extremely toxic, 5% highly toxic, and 14% moderately toxic. Forty-two compounds, especially those permitted in animal-source foods, exhibit high bioaccumulation potential. Some foods harbor multiple pesticide residues, raising concerns, despite 99% of residues falling within the Acceptable Daily Intake. Methomyl insecticide poses potential ingestion risks during lunch, warranting attention. The pervasive presence of pesticide residues in daily consumed foods underscores the necessity for greater attention to the source of the food, ensuring access to healthy and safe collective consumption.
Acute psychological and physiological benefits of exercising with virtual reality
Authors: Barbour Bradley , Sefton Lucy , Bruce Richard M. , Valmaggia Lucia , Runswick Oliver R.
Published: December 2024

Exercise is a powerful tool for disease prevention and rehabilitation. Commercially available virtual reality (VR) devices and apps offer an immersive platform to gamify exercise and potentially enhance physiological and psychological benefits. However, no work has compared immersive exercise to closely matched 2D screen-based equivalents with the same visual and auditory stimuli. This study aims to compare the acute effects of an exercise session using a commercial immersive VR workout to the same stimuli and workout presented on a screen. 17 healthy participants (male = 7, female = 10; aged 24.18±4.56 years), completed a 12-minute guided VR boxing exercise session in FitXR™ and a screen-based equivalent. Physiological responses were recorded continuously using a heart rate monitor and telemetricmetabolic cart system. Psychological and perceptual responses were measured using their ratings of perceived exertion, the physical activity enjoyment scale, and the physical activity affect scale. In the immersive VR participants chose to engage in more intense exercise (%VO2max; p = 0.044), showed higher levels of all enjoyment subscales (p<0.05) and reported higher positive affect (p = 0.003) and lower negative affect (p = 0.045) following exercise compared to the screen-based equivalent. However, the design here could not determine which elements of immersive VR contributed to the positive effects. Immersive VR may offer a more efficient alternative to other forms of screen based and exergaming workouts and could be offered as a gateway into exercise.
Differences in emergency hospitalization trauma patients during and after the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chang Haifeng , Li Siyuan , Ke Xijie , Zhou Zhenyu , Zhang Lijun , Yang Baisong , Ji Bilei , Jiang Liming , Yang Yang , Huang Ting , Zhang Gengwei
Published: December 2024

Background

The spread of COVID-19 has a huge impact on the medical system, affecting the normal order of routine patients, especially obvious effect on the Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital as the designated hospital for COVID-19 patients. After the epidemic was loosened in early December 2022, the normal medical order gradually restored in China. How much was the impact on the admission and treatment of emergency trauma patients during and after the epidemic? This study aims to compare the differences between trauma patients admitted to the emergency department during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods and findings

The study included all trauma patients admitted through the emergency department from January 2020 to March 2024. Clinical data were collected, and a retrospective comparative analysis was performed on the characteristics of the two groups of trauma patients during and after the pandemic, including gender, age, average length of hospital stay, proportions of admissions to various departments, proportions of severe cases, proportions of surgical patients, and mortality rates, using statistical methods for analysis.

The proportion of male patients during the pandemic (69.98%) was higher than after the pandemic (67.01%). The proportion of patients under 60 years of age during the pandemic was higher than that after the pandemic. There was no significant difference in the average hospital stay between patients during and after the pandemic (P>0.05). Comparisons between the two groups in terms of admissions to departments such as otolaryngology, hepatobiliary surgery, hepatic surgery, orthopedics, urology, neurosurgery, gastroenterology surgery, thoracic surgery, ophthalmology and intensive care unit showed no significant differences (P>0.05). The proportion of surgical patients during the pandemic (75.09%) was higher than after the pandemic (69.53%). The mortality rate during the pandemic (0.13%) was lower than after the pandemic (2.45%).

Conclusion

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted trauma patients admitted through the emergency department, with increases in the proportion of male and younger patients, surgical cases, and a decrease in mortality rates during the pandemic.
Prevalence of nasopharyngeal Streptococcus Pneumoniae carriage in infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies and randomized controlled trials
Authors: Beissegulova Gulzhan , Ramazanova Bakyt , Mustafina Kamilya , Begadilova Tolkyn , Koloskova Yekaterina , Seitkhanova Bibigul , Mamatova Aliya , Iskakova Ulzhan , Sailaubekuly Ratbek , Seiitbay Zhaksylyk
Published: December 2024

This study aims to examine the prevalence of nasopharyngeal Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage (NSPC) in infants during their first two years of life and to compare the carriage rates among different vaccine groups and country income-levels. This will be achieved through a systematic review of the published literature, specifically focusing on data from cohort studies and randomized controlled trials. A comprehensive search was conducted in four electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Scopus, using a predefined search strategy. Forty-nine articles met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. According to the results obtained from the random effects model, the pooled mean prevalence of NSPC was 1.68% at birth (95% CI [0.50; 5.47]), 24.38% at 1 to 4 months (95% CI [19.06; 30.62]), 48.38% at 4 to 6 months (95% CI [41.68; 55.13]), 59.14% at 7 to 9 months (95% CI [50.88; 66.91]), 48.41% at 10 to 12 months (95% CI [41.54; 55.35]), 42.00% at 13 to 18 months (95% CI [37.01; 47.16]), and 48.34% at 19 to 24 months (95% CI [38.50; 58.31]). The highest NSPC rates were observed among children aged 4 to 6 months and 7 to 9 months across all vaccine groups. Low-income countries consistently demonstrated the highest NSPC rates across all age categories studied. This systematic review and meta-analysis provide robust evidence of the high prevalence of NSPC in infants aged 4 to 6 months and 7 to 9 months in all vaccine groups, with persistent regional disparities, especially among low-income countries. The study highlights the need for continuous monitoring of NSPC trends, particularly the emergence of non-vaccine serotypes. Policymakers and healthcare providers should leverage these findings to enhance vaccination strategies, aiming to minimize the overall burden of pneumococcal diseases in infants.
Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin gonadal extract mitigates neurotoxicity and inflammatory signaling in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Nagy Nehal Shawky , Helal Mohamed , Alsawy Eman Sheta , Ali Mohamad Moustafa , Al-Sherif Soheir Salem , Essawy Amina Essawy
Published: December 2024

The present study investigates the neuroprotective effects of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus gonadal extract on rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in a Parkinson’s disease (PD) rat model. Parkinson’s disease, characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN), is exacerbated by oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. The study involved fifty Wistar rats divided into five groups: control, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) control, Paracentrotus lividus gonadal extract-treated, rotenone-treated, and combined rotenone with Paracentrotus lividus gonadal extract-treated. Behavioral assessments included the rotarod and open field tests, while biochemical analyses measured oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH)), antioxidants (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT)), pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)), and neurotransmitters (dopamine (DA), levodopa (L-Dopa)). Histological and immunohistochemical analyses evaluated the neuronal integrity and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and alpha-synuclein expression. The results showed that Paracentrotus lividus gonadal extract significantly mitigated rotenone-induced motor deficits and improved locomotor activity. Biochemically, the extract reduced oxidative stress and inflammation markers while enhancing antioxidant levels. Histologically, it restored neuronal integrity and reduced alpha-synuclein accumulation. Molecularly, it increased tyrosine hydroxylase and dopa decarboxylase gene expression, essential for dopamine synthesis. These findings suggest that Paracentrotus lividus gonadal extract exerts neuroprotective effects by modulating oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and dopaminergic neuron integrity, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for Parkinson’s disease.
GO-CRISPR: A highly controlled workflow to discover gene essentiality in loss-of-function screens
Authors: Perampalam Pirunthan , McDonald James I. , Dick Frederick A.
Published: December 2024

Genome-wide CRISPR screens are an effective discovery tool for genes that underlie diverse cellular mechanisms that can be scored through cell fitness. Loss-of-function screens are particularly challenging compared to gain-of-function because of the limited dynamic range of decreased sgRNA sequence detection. Here we describe Guide-Only control CRISPR (GO-CRISPR), an improved loss-of-function screening workflow, and its companion software package, Toolset for the Ranked Analysis of GO-CRISPR Screens (TRACS). We demonstrate a typical GO-CRISPR workflow in a non-proliferative 3D spheroid model of dormant high grade serous ovarian cancer and demonstrate superior performance to standard screening methods. The unique integration of the pooled sgRNA library quality and guide-only controls allows TRACS to identify novel molecular pathways that were previously unidentified in tumor dormancy and undetectable to analysis packages that lack the guide only controls. Together, GO-CRISPR and TRACS can robustly improve the discovery of essential genes in challenging biological scenarios such as growth arrested cells.
Embodying Place: Charting the Badlands
Authors: Schneckloth Sara
Published: December 2024

I draw to recall the sensations of moving and resting within the landscape, images of place as translated through body, material and mark. In Charting the Badlands, gesture-driven mixed-media drawings fuse a lived, sensory experience of the natural geological environments of the American Southwest with the act of inventional mapping. While walking within the canyons, badlands and arroyos of the high desert, I gather clay, silt and soils to process into pigments in the studio. These pigments combine with my body’s gestured marks to map a memory of moving through place, a fragment of lived geological time. Drawing actions may echo geological processes of deposition, sedimentation and erosion. While not literal representations of place, the drawings reference geomorphological processes and evoke the surface of the earth as seen at altitude, with the viewer moving within and over the terrain. By physically walking the land, gathering soil and drawing with handcrafted pigments, I bridge the raw elements of the landscape with a gestural cartographic sense. This act of drawing is one of remembering the sensations unique to the experience of the flesh body within the lithic landscape, translating sense into a marked language of geological form. By using the soils gathered from the terrain as a self-referential drawing medium, the drawings invite a movement in both temporal and physical scale, a consideration of the history and context of the land embedded within the image, as well as the ground upon which one physically stands.
Over the kitchen table: British storytelling as working-class art, belonging and resistance
Authors: McKenzie Lisa
Published: December 2024

This article introduces a contemporary art and storytelling project that took place in January 2024 in Bestwood Village, an ex-coal community, showing a televised play filmed in the village (1963) written by Dennis Potter, Stand Up, Nigel Barton, about the son of a coal miner gaining a place at Oxford University during this period of social change. The project and the article show that the art of working-class storytelling is both political and personal, and despite the lack of working-class voices in the arts, in the culture industries and in academia, small storytelling events such as this one play an important part in strengthening working-class communities.
Mainstreaming class (dis)contents in popular film and TV series: HBO’s The White Lotus (S1) and Ruben Östlund’s Triangle of Sadness
Authors: Mylonas Yiannis
Published: December 2024

The empirical focus of this study is Season 1 of the popular HBO series The White Lotus (2020) and Ruben Östlund’s film Triangle of Sadness (2022), both of which achieved worldwide popularity and critical acclaim. The study draws on narrative analysis, to examine class relations and class subjectivities in these productions. Anchored in today’s highly precarious and competitive neo-liberal capitalist context, with its growing inequalities and crises, these productions tackle different classed selves, relations and circumstances, depicted in both realistic and metaphorical terms. The White Lotus (S1) focuses on the high consumerism, of the White upper-middle class in a lavish gated tourist resort in Hawaii. Departing from profligate consumerist practices the Triangle of Sadness develops a metaphoric setting where social hierarchies are briefly overturned. Humour as a central practice of upper-class exposure and ridiculing is deployed in both productions. The analysis demonstrates that although cynicism and egotism prevail across all class identities, the middle and upper class proves to be resilient to all crises and struggles that appear in the plot, at the expense of the working class. This suggests the lack of a political vision for the working class and the reproduction of middle-class hegemony.
O papel de variáveis psicológicas positivas na saúde mental em crianças e adolescentes
Authors: Marques Susana C. , Pais-Ribeiro J. L. , Lopez Shane J.
Published: December 2024

Este estudo tem com objectivo explorar a papel da esperança, satisfação com a vida e auto-estima na saúde mental. O estudo inclui uma amostra de conveniência constituída por 367 indivíduos (53.1% do sexo feminino; idade A/=11.78, entre 10-15 anos). Os participantes preencheram uma bateria de questionários que incluíram as versões portuguesas das “Children’s Hope Scale”, “Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale”, “Global Self-Worth Scale” e do “Mental Health Inventory-5”. Os resultados mostram que a saúde mental, a esperança, a satisfação com a vida e a auto-estima apresentam correlações positivas significativas. A análise de regressão mostra que a satisfação com a vida e a esperança contribuem com uma variância única para a saúde mental. São discutidas as implicações dos resultados encontrados para futuras investigações.
Aconselhamento e stress
Authors: Leite Maria Zélia B. M. , Almeida Cortez Helena Maria , Moura Cordeiro Maria Anete , Santos Teresa Verônica , Vieira Medeiros Leila Maria , Santos Eduardo J. R.
Published: December 2024

Neste estudo procura-se estabelecer uma reflexão contextualizada sobre as estratégias de intervenção em situações limite de stress, como as que acontecem no campo de confronto bélico. Após uma descrição do objecto e métodos da psicologia militar, apresentam-se algumas directivas para o aconselhamento em situações de guerra.
LEUCISM RECORD OF Sula leucogaster IN SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL
Authors: Lodi Liliane , Maricato Guilherme , Albuquerque Luiz Eduardo , Schmauder Teixeira da Cunha Larissa
Published: December 2024

This technical note reports the record of a leucistic Brow Booby (Sula leucogaster) in March 2024 in Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. This record expands knowledge about the occurrence and distribution of leucistic individuals of the species in the Western South Atlantic.
A magyar megyei jogú városok helyi hozzáadottérték
kalkulációja
Authors: Tarnóczi Tamás Bence , Bauerné Gáthy Andrea
Published: December 2024

A gazdaságot befolyásoló hatások – a Pandémia, a folyó
Orosz-Ukrán konfliktus, a növekvő energia árak és a magas infláció
– az utóbbi időszakban jelentősen és kiszámíthatatlanul gyorsan
változnak. Emiatt is elengedhetetlenül fontos felmérni mik azok a
sajátosságok, amik megfigyelhetők Magyarország gazdasági
motorjaiban, azaz a nagyvárosokban. Először bemutatjuk az alulról
és felülről építkező GDP becslési módszerek korlátait, pontosságát
és gyakorlati megvalósíthatóságát. Az elemzés során a felülről
építkező GDP számítást választottuk, ahol a vármegyei GDP adatokat
és a helyi iparűzési adó értékeit használjuk fel. Így megkapva a
vizsgált 24 város helyi GDP értékét, és ezeket összehasonlítjuk a
vármegyei és országos GDP tendenciákkal. Megállapítható, hogy ezek
a városok meghatározó gazdasági súllyal rendelkeznek, hiszen több
mint 63%-át adják a magyar bruttó hazai terméknek. A GDP változást
vizsgálva nem minden nagyváros mutat magasabb növekedési ütemet,
mint amit az ország átlagosan 2010 és 2020 között elért. A
nagyvárosok közel fele meghaladta az országos 75%-os növekedést,
akár 120%-os bővülést is produkálva, míg a többi település alatta
maradt ennek az ütemnek. Ezen információk hasznosak lehetnek a
városok számára, hiszen a célzott gazdaságfejlesztés irányvonalait
alapozhatják meg a jövőre tekintve.
Análise semântica de audiodescrição em curta-metragem
Authors: Dornelas Letícia , Gamonal Maucha Andrade , Pagano Adriana Silvina
Published: December 2024

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo exploratório de anotação semântica multimodal com base na Semântica de Frames (Fillmore, 1982) e nos Estudos da Tradução Audiovisual. Por meio de um corpus anotado semanticamente pela metodologia da FrameNet Brasil para a multimodalidade (Belcavello et al., 2022), avaliam-se as relações semânticas dos frames evocados na transcrição da audiodescrição e nas imagens dinâmicas (cenas em vídeo) do curta-metragem brasileiro Eu não quero voltar sozinho, produzido em 2010 pela Lacuna Filmes. Para tanto, organizam-se os frames a partir das categorias raízes (root types), que são agrupamentos de frames estruturalmente semelhantes (Ruppenhofer et al., 2016), levando em consideração os critérios adotados na criação de uma audiodescrição, conforme o Guia para Produções Audiovisuais Acessíveis (Naves et al., 2016). Os resultados demonstram que os elementos dos modos comunicativos atuam simultaneamente na evocação e invocação de frames semânticos, contribuindo para a construção do sentido em uma obra audiovisual, que, por essência, é de natureza multimodal.
Editorial Volume 18 Issue 5: Special Issue on Sustainable Transformation Towards Digitalization
Authors: Luckyardi Senny
Published: December 2024

This Special Issue of the Australasian Accounting Business and Finance Journal (AABFJ) arises from the Sustainable Transformation towards Digitalization of the 7th International Conference on Business, Economics, Social Sciences, and Humanities (ICOBEST 2024). This conference is hosted by Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia. The conference revolves around the theme of Sustainable Transformation towards Digitalization based on Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles. ESG refers to a set of guidelines used to evaluate and manage businesses' performance concerning the environment, society, and corporate governance. It serves as a means of assessing companies' responsibility towards economic advancement, environmental preservation, and social welfare. Therefore, this special issue sheds light on utilizing digitalization as a tool for advancing sustainability and responsible business practices, aligning with research by Inta Budi Setya Nusa et al., (2024), which suggests the utilization of AI and big data technologies in accounting. This research offers valuable insights into the profession of accounting educators, enabling teachers to develop better curricula and equip students with the necessary skills to thrive in an increasingly digitally interconnected workplace.
A Function of Language Analysis Through Language Features Showed by Stella Grant in the Five Feet Apart Movie (2019
Authors: Haya Aqilla Fadia , Wulandari Dwi
Published: December 2024

Movie is the combination of audio and visual language in a movie makes it acceptable to the audience. This study aims to examine the language function and features used by women in the movie based on Stella's utterances. The researcher used features of language mentioned by Jennifer Coates’ (2013) and Roman Jakobson's (1960) theory function of language. This study used a descriptive qualitative method employed purposive sampling to collect data from the Five Feet Apart (2019) movie and the Five Feet Apart movie script. The results revealed that the main female characters use all language features. Features that Stella uses such as minimal responses, hedges, tag questions, questions, commands and directives, swearing and taboo languages, and compliments. Additionally, Stella mostly used expressive functions. The research also shows the social factor that Stella mostly used is a topic factor. Thus, it can be concluded that as the main female character, Stella Grant wants to express her feelings to her speech partner through her utterances which is included in the features of language
Gender Intersectionality Representation in Boule de Suif by Guy de Maupassant
Authors: Savitri Intan Dewi , Khotimah Siti Khusnul , Apriyanti Komang Dyah , Wicaksana Dewa Maulana
Published: December 2024

Boule de Suif is considered one of the best short stories written by Guy de Maupassant. This study is based on a feminist perspective applying a narrative approach to provide an overview of the intersectionality of gender in Guy de Maupassant's narrative work, The Boule de Suif. Specifically, the narrative model was chosen as an approach that focuses on the individual stories of the characters within the work. Narrative identification is important for unraveling issues of gender intersectionality that arise in unequal phenomena. From the process of analysis, it is clear that the character Boule de Suif experiences the phenomenon of intersectionality of gender in the categories of gender, social class and identity in a situation of mutual support, trying to protect themselves from a violent war.
ARAH KEBIJAKAN SISTEM PEMIDANAAN BAGI KORPORASI DALAM KUHP NASIONAL
Authors: Aryaputra Muhammad Iftar , Triwati Ani
Published: December 2024

Ketentuan sistem pemidanaan bagi korporasi tidak diatur dalam KUHP, melainkan diatur dalam hukum pidana khusus dan KUHP Nasional. Terdapat banyak ketentuan baru dalam KUHP Nasional yang terkait dengan korporasi. Tulisan yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis ketentuan kebijakan pemidanaan korporasi dalam KUHP Nasional ini termasuk dalam jenis penelitian yuridis normatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, tidak terdapat keseragaman sistem pemidanaan korporasi dalam UU pidana khusus, bahkan pengaturannya cenderung serampangan. Dalam KUHP Nasional, ketentuan pemidanaan korporasi dibangun lebih komprehensif dan sistematis. Syarat pemidanaan yang dibangun oleh KUHP Nasional didasarkan pada tiga hal, yaitu: perbuatan, kesalahan, dan pedoman pemidanaan. Dalam hal penjatuhan pidana bagi korporasi, hakim tidak semata-mata melihat pada perbuatan dan kesalahan, namun juga mempertimbangkan beberapa hal sebagai pedoman pemidanaan.
ANALISIS STANDAR PENERBANGAN DI INDONESIA BERDASARKAN HUKUM UDARA INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Kusumadewi Puan Maharani , Roisah Kholis , Prabandari Adya Paramita , Manitra Ramalina Ranaivo Mikea
Published: December 2024

Kesalahan manusia dapat menyebabkan kecelakaan penerbangan. Oleh karena itu, manajemen suatu negara harus memiliki sistem yang terpercaya untuk memastikan penerbangan yang aman dan nyaman. Penelitian ini mengkaji persyaratan keselamatan dan keamanan penerbangan Indonesia serta implementasinya dibandingkan dengan hukum dan peraturan penerbangan internasional. Penelitian ini menganalisis data menggunakan penelitian doktrinal. Studi ini menemukan bahwa Indonesia menerapkan monisme dengan doktrin inkorporasi dan dualisme dengan doktrin transformasi. Indikator keselamatan penerbangan dan indikator keamanan penerbangan menunjukkan implikasinya. Menurut penelitian ini, semua pihak harus memiliki kesadaran hukum untuk mematuhi semua hukum dan peraturan yang ada. Kampanye budaya keselamatan penerbangan secara nasional juga diperlukan. Gerakan ini dimaksudkan untuk memberikan ketenangan kepada penumpang pesawat.
PENYELESAIAN TINDAK PIDANA PERKOSAAN PADA MASYARAKAT ADAT KAYU ARO DALAM PERSPEKTIF RESTORATIVE JUSTICE
Authors: Febrianda Lis , Priyono FX Joko , Putra Deka
Published: December 2024

Di komunitas adat Kayu Aro, penyelesaian kejahatan pemerkosaan diatur oleh 20 hukum adat, dengan hukuman khusus yang diatur dalam hukum 8 adat Tigo Luhah, yang mencakup sanksi yang disebut “gdang sbut gdang baye”. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis mekanisme penyelesaian kejahatan pemerkosaan di komunitas adat Kayu Aro dari perspektif keadilan restoratif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan socio-legal, dengan menggunakan data primer dan sekunder. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui analisis dokumen dan wawancara, diikuti dengan analisis data kualitatif. Kesimpulannya adalah: Penyelesaian kejahatan pemerkosaan berdasarkan hukum adat Tigo Luhah melibatkan lembaga lembago jati, lembago kurung, lembago negeri, dan lembago alam; Sanksi adat termasuk hukuman sumbang salah dan anak bini uhang.
MENINJAU KEMBALI HUKUM DAN KEADILAN SOSIAL DALAM TRANSFORMASI DIGITAL
Authors: Wiratraman Herlambang Perdana , Budi Arifin Setyo
Published: December 2024

Transformasi digital menghadirkan peluang dan tantangan bagi hukum dan keadilan sosial diakibatkan revolusi digital yang mengganggu kerangka hukum lama dan konvensional, sehingga memerlukan peraturan baru guna mengatasi beragam permasalahan. Kajian ini menfokuskan pada perlunya memikirkan kembali paradigma, teori maupun pendekatan hukum dan keadilan yang selama ini diperdebatkan dan dikonsepkan dalam ranah hukum, peradilan dan kebijakan politiknya, dalam konteks muktahir dan menjadi landasan pengembangan pendidikan hukum dan praktek pengembangan hukum, terutama dengan perkembangan teknologi digital. Serta upaya menjawab, bagaimana proses pemaknaan hukum dan keadilan sosial bisa menjadi lebih relevan menawarkan dahaga pengetahuan atas ruang publik dalam konteks perkembangan teknologi digital. Artikel ini mengajak mengembangkan pemikiran kritis imajinatif atas persinggungan hukum dan keadilan sosial yang berbasis pada kebutuhan dan sekaligus realitas teknologi digital.
MENINJAU SISTEM RATIFIKASI PERJANJIAN INTERNASIONAL DI INDONESIA (STUDI PERJANJIAN INDONESIA-SINGAPURA TENTANG FLIGHT INFORMATION REGION)
Authors: Aruan Bagas Christofel , Setiyono Joko
Published: December 2024

Perjanjian internasional merupakan salah satu bentuk keterikatan Indonesia dalam ekosistem hukum internasional. Untuk mengimplementasikan suatu perjanjian internasional sebagai bagian dari hukum nasional, diperlukan proses ratifikasi yang menetapkan perjanjian tersebut sebagai Undang-Undang. Penelitian ini mengkaji model ratifikasi Perjanjian Indonesia-Singapura tentang Flight Information Region (FIR) Tahun 2022 dari perspektif ilmu perundang-undangan, serta mengevaluasi dampaknya dalam dimensi politik hukum dan teknis penerbangan. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah penelitian yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, sesuai Pasal 10 juncto Pasal 11 Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2000 tentang Perjanjian Internasional dan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2009 tentang Penerbangan, ratifikasi perjanjian ini harus dilakukan melalui Undang-Undang, bukan Peraturan Presiden.
PENERAPAN ALASAN PEMBELAAN TERPAKSA DALAM TAHAP PRA ADJUDIKASI: PERWUJUDAN EFISIENSI DAN EFEKTIVITAS PENEGAKAN HUKUM
Authors: Yulia Rena , Raymond Hizkia
Published: December 2024

Secara normatif pembelaan terpaksa sebagai alasan penghapus pidana dilakukan di tahap adjudikasi/pengadilan oleh hakim. Namun, dalam beberapa kasus, alasan pembelaan terpaksa digunakan sebagai alasan penghentian perkara pada tahap Pra-Adjudikasi dengan instrumen surat Perintah Penghentian Penyidikan (SP3) oleh kepolisian ataupun Surat Ketetapan Penghentian Penuntutan (SKP2) dari kejaksaan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengkaji penerapan alasan pembelaan terpaksa dalam tahap pra adjudikasi dikaitkan efisiensi dan efektivitas penegakan hukum. Tipe penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan asas-asas hukum serta peraturan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan alasan pembelaan terpaksa (noodweer) dalam tahap pra adjudikasi memiliki beberapa keuntungan seperti efisiensi dan efektifitas penegakan hukum dibandingkan dengan pendekatan normatif yang menggunakan sarana pengadilan terlebih dahulu.
Effects of Different Light Environments with Varying Spectral Composition on the Axial Lengths and Scleral Specificity Protein 1 and Collagen Type I Expression in Juvenile Guinea Pigs
Authors: Yuan Jianbao , Wang Yuliang , Xu Xinyu , Yang Mei , Fan Yipeng , Shi Xiaopan , Sun Lulu , Shan Mingyu , Ma Lei
Published: December 2024

The study aimed to investigate changes in the eye axial length in juvenile guinea pigs and the expression of scleral specificity protein 1 (Sp1) and collagen type I (Col-I) under different light environments with varying spectral composition. The animals were randomly divided into five groups: natural light (N), LED light with a low colour temperature (L), E light (E), Fulia light (F), and Gulia light (G). Axial lengths were measured every two weeks, and the expression of Sp1 and Col-I in the sclera was assessed by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and RT-qPCR. After 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks of light exposure, the L and G groups showed considerably longer axial lengths than the N group, with the L group exhibiting significantly longer axial lengths compared with the E and F groups. The protein and mRNA expression levels of Sp1 and Col-I, ranked from highest to lowest, were as follows: N, E, F, G, and L. The expression of Sp1 and Col-I was positively correlated, but both were negatively correlated with the length of the eye axis. The E group demonstrated higher Sp1 and Col-I expression than the other artificial light groups. Artificial light with a continuous, full spectrum lacking peaks and valleys can inhibit the elongation of the eye axis in juvenile guinea pigs and has a protective effect against myopia. There may be a certain relationship between Sp1 and Col-I, and the transforming growth factor-β1-Sp1-Col-I signalling pathway may play a crucial role in myopic scleral extracellular matrix remodelling.
Harmonizing EU Health Legislation for New Genomic Techniques
Authors: Zajác Ševcová Katarína
Published: December 2024

This article examines the regulation and application of New Genomic Techniques (NGTs) and genetic testing within the European Union (EU). It scrutinises the detailed aspects of EU data protection laws, underscoring their significance in safeguarding patient privacy and facilitating data sharing in healthcare and research sectors. The paper delves into the ethical dimensions and technological advances in genetic engineering, specifically focusing on gene editing and direct-to-consumer genetic testing, illuminating the complex interplay between technology, ethics, and legal frameworks. The analysis extends to the diverse regulatory environments at both national and EU levels, highlighting the urgent need for legislative updates in response to the rapid advancements in genomic technologies. This necessity accentuates the ongoing challenge of balancing fostering innovation and adhering to ethical and legal standards. Moreover, the article addresses the efforts to harmonise genetic testing regulations across European nations, considering the perspectives of multiple stakeholders. The discourse presented in the article underscores the complexity and critical importance of formulating policies that safeguard public interests and propel scientific advancements in this swiftly evolving domain. The EU should enhance the regulation and standardisation of NGTs in the field of human health and medicine by updating legislation, implementing risk assessment and safety protocols, establishing ethical guidelines, involving various stakeholders, adhering to global standards, promoting public education, and integrating NGTs into healthcare systems, ultimately aiming to promote safe and ethical NGTs development and advance public health objectives.
Преступление и наказание в рассказе Улика Алексея Скалдина
Authors: Okroj Kinga
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the discussion of structural elements and motifs in the short story of the Russian modernist Aleksey Skaldin entitled Trace. In his work, the writer reinterprets certain aspects from Fyodor Dostoevsky’s novel Crime and punishment. It can be assumed that the two texts chosen for comparative analysis are marked by similar ideas (crime, punishment, Übermensch). The goal of the analysis is to underscore the shared and relevant contents of both literary works. The main character of Skaldin’s Trace, Ivan Vyakhirev, is guided by the theory of the division of society into outstanding and ordinary individuals, similarly to Rodion Raskolnikov. Vyakhirev can be seen as a variant of Raskolnikov. Even though he does not know the book Crime and punishment, he “develops” Raskolnikov’s theory. Vyakhirev wants to prove his own uniqueness, the final test being the murder of his old friend. Similar experiences and reasoning of the characters lead them, however, in completely opposite directions. Raskolnikov reevaluates his life and the views he held as he admits that he is not an outstanding individual above the law. Skaldin’s Trace illustrates the reverse path of human personality development. Initiatory signs appear on Vyakhirev’s path, but he is unable to see and use them, and he does not develop self-awareness. He rejects their power, embarking on a dark path. The interpretation of Skaldin’s text through the prism of the ideas contained in Crime and punishment leads to an in-depth reading of the meanings and symbols hidden in Trace (including guilt, freedom, and the female figure).
Global stability and asymptotic profiles of a partially degenerate reaction diffusion Cholera model with asymptomatic individuals
Authors: Wang Shengfu , Nie Linfei
Published: December 2024

Considering the prevalence of asymptomatic individuals during the spread of disease, this article develops a model of degenerate reaction diffusion Cholera with asymptomatic individuals. First, the well-posedness of model is studied, including the global existence of solutions and the existence of attractor. Second, the basic reproduction number

ℛ

0

{{\mathcal{ {\mathcal R} }}}_{0}

is defined to determine whether the disease is vanishing or persistent. In particular, we also analyze the asymptotic behavior of the endemic steady state when the diffusion rate of susceptible or asymptomatic individuals tends to 0 or infinity. Finally, by fitting the theoretical results with some numerical simulations, we find that the spatial distribution of disease and local epidemic risk are less affected by the mobility of susceptible populations, whereas the mobility of asymptomatic or symptomatic populations significantly affects the spatial and temporal distribution of infected populations. In addition, we found that the proportion of asymptomatic individuals to infected individuals is also a key factor in disease epidemics, and how to quickly diagnose asymptomatic individuals for disease control and prevention should be of a particular concern.
The debate between electricity and heat, efficacy and safety of irreversible electroporation and radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of liver cancer: A meta-analysis
Authors: Xing Rong , Liu Yutong , Liu Yang , Jiang Haihong , Liu Chao , Du Jiru
Published: December 2024

Both irreversible electroporation (IRE) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) are viable ablation methods for localized treatment of liver tumors. We conducted a meta-analysis to access the efficacy and safety of IRE and RFA in liver cancer treatment. Clinical studies on IRE and RFA for the treatment of liver cancer were collected from PubMed and CNKI until June 2023. We screened the literature for ablation success rates at 1 month post-operation, extracting keywords such as “ablation success rate,” “technical success rate,” “recurrence rate,” and “complication” for meta-analysis. A total of 37 articles were included: 24 related to RFA involving 1,685 cases and 13 related to IRE involving 524 cases. The results demonstrate that ablation success rates at post-operative 1 month for IRE and RFA were 86% (95% CI: 82–89%) and 87% (95% CI: 81–92%), respectively. Technical success rates were 96% (95% CI: 88–100%) and 99% (95% CI: 96–100%). In addition, the recurrence rate was 16% (95% CI: 12–22%) in RFA group and 16% (95% CI: 9–23%) in IRE group. In terms of safety, the RFA had a complication rate of 28% (95% CI: 10–50%) and the IRE had a rate of 26% (95% CI: 13–43%). In conclusion, IRE and RFA exhibit similar ablation success rates at 1 month post-operation and comparable complication rates, making them both safe and effective treatment options.
Enhancing Wrist Telerehabilitation: Integrating Haptic Feedback and Remote Evaluation Models
Authors: Sadeghi Mohammad , Rottke Vanessa , Abbasimoshaei Alireza , Kern Thorsten A.
Published: December 2024

Stroke patients with hemiparesis often face significant challenges in accessing consistent and effective rehabilitation therapy due to limitations in mobility and the availability of specialized care. To address this, a new telerehabilitation system is introduced for stroke patients with hemiparesis. It consists of two internetconnected robots for remote wrist rehabilitation. A cloudbased website serves as a centralized interface for patients and doctors, allowing remote control of the system during therapy sessions. To enhance the haptic feedback and stability of the system, a torque/velocity control algorithm is implemented. These control algorithms incorporate damping and spring terms from an impedance control algorithm to synchronize and maintain the positions of both end effectors. Additionally, a wrist evaluation model has been introduced to calculate stiffness and damping coefficients, essential for monitoring patient progress and improving treatment efficacy. The wrist model is evaluated using multiple linear regression method. Experimental testing demonstrates the potential of the proposed approach in enhancing telerehabilitation system performance.
Multifrequency image reconstruction for electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Battistel Alberto , Wilkie Jack , Chen Rongqing , Möller Knut
Published: December 2024

Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a medical imaging technique that is primarily used to monitor the respiration of a patient. Because EIT is based on electrical measurements, it is a safe, non-invasive, and cost-effective imaging technique. However, the EIT image reconstruction is a severely ill-posed problem that gives low spatial resolution where only large variations in tissue conductivity can be visualized. Furthermore, widely used time difference EIT relies on a single frequency alternating current measurement which does not allow for discrimination of different tissues on their conductivity spectra. Here we show the application of a new EIT reconstruction algorithm which correlates measurements taken at different frequencies to include the spectral dependency of the tissue properties. The algorithm is tested on a simulated phantom using data for muscle and lung tissue from the literature. It shows that contrary to a standard EIT image reconstruction, the frequency dependence of the tissues is retained, which can be used to further improve distinguishability in EIT images.
Concordance analysis between deep learning model predictions and electrocardiography thresholds from cardiology guidelines
Authors: Bender Theresa , Hempel Philip , Spicher Nicolai
Published: December 2024

Deep learning models for the classification of electrocardiograms (ECGs) are able to learn disease-specific patterns, but they are rarely implemented in medical practice due to their "black box" nature. Post-hoc explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods compute regions of interest (ROI) which are of importance for a model’s decision making. However, it needs to be further analyzed whether a model focuses on the morphological or rhythmical information within the ROIs. We evaluate a pre-trained ResNet for sinus bradycardia (SB) and sinus tachycardia (ST) classification on the PTBXL dataset using the XAI method Integrated Gradients. We compare the confidence of the model predictions to ECG features used by clinicians using correlation analysis. Correlation is highest for RR intervals (SB: 0.44) and atrial as well as ventricular heart rates (ST: 0.51), with the majority exceeding clinical thresholds for both disorders, indicating that the model learned rhythmical features. Except for QT intervals in ST classification, morphological features such as duration and amplitudes of P-/T-waves do not show any correlation.
Mesh Refinement Compensation via Regression in thermal necrosis FEM
Authors: Busch Christoph , Rupitsch Stefan J. , Moeller Knut
Published: December 2024

Finite Element Models (FEM) for simulating various physical phenomena are indispensable in today’s research. They are also applied in high-frequency (HF) surgical applications to simulate Joule heating and thermal necrosis formation in biological tissue. One challenge lies in choosing an appropriate mesh size, balancing between sufficiently accurate simulation results and a coarse mesh for fast computations. In this contribution, we investigate, using three mesh sizes (coarse, medium, and fine), the extent to which regression analysis of discrete simulation results of necrosis dimensions can compensate for mesh refinement in an FEM for HF soft coagulation. We conducted exponential regression analysis on discrete simulation results of the necrosis zone. It has been found that while it is generally possible, if the FEM simulation results already deviate significantly from the true solution, regression analysis cannot compensate for errors arising from the numerical method. Therefore, a coarse mesh with subsequent regression analysis can be utilized to determine necrosis propagation in depth, with a maximum error of only -3.4 % compared to the fine mesh within the considered interval. However, for the necrosis in the lateral direction, the maximum error is 44.3 %, which is too large. Even the mid-size mesh is not accurate enough in the lateral direction, necessitating the use of a fine mesh for the lateral direction.
Exploring the Influence of the Knitted Structure Morphology on Synthetic Surgical Mesh Behaviour
Authors: Civilini Vittoria , Giacalone Vincenzo
Published: December 2024

Despite the wide variety of knitting patterns present in the global market for synthetic meshes, the influence of mesh morphology on the mechanical behaviour of these devices is not yet clear. The goal of this project is to determine how the mechanical properties of monofilament polypropylene warp-knitted meshes are influenced by their morphological characteristics. Multivariate linear regression models were developed using nine meshes to quantify a correlation between these two crucial aspects. Additionally, porous mesoscale Finite Element (FE) models were implemented in Abaqus to replicate in vitro tests conducted in a previous study. High values of the determination coefficient were obtained for all the models and their robustness was confirmed by good performance in a leave one out validation method. The porous FE models successfully replicated the multidirectional behaviour of the meshes after the calibration of the elastic modulus based on the uniaxial tensile test. This combined approach demonstrates valuable results paving the way for advancements in hernia treatment and meshes design.