bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Salient features of circulating respiratory viruses in the pre- and pandemic influenza and COVID-19 seasons
Authors: Kiseleva I. V. , Larionova N. V. , Grigorieva E. P. , Ksenafontov A. D. , Al Farroukh M. , Rudenko L. G.
Published: December 2021

A wide variety of zoonotic viruses that can cross the interspecies barrier promote the emergence of new, potentially pandemic viruses in the human population that is often accompanied by the disappearance of existing circulating strains. Among the various reasons underlying this phenomenon is the strengthening of herd immunity by expanding the immune layer of population and improving means and methods of medical care. However, natura abhorret vacuum, and new pathogens come to replace disappearing ones. Over the past ten years, humanity has faced two pandemics: swine flu A(H1N1)pdm09 in 2009 and COVID-19 in 2019, providing scientists with a unique opportunity to learn more about a relationship between respiratory viruses and their pathogenesis. Together with viruses of pandemic significance, a large number of seasonal respiratory viruses circulate, which contribute to the structure of human morbidity, and coinfections aggravate the condition of the illness. In the conditions of the spread of new viruses with unexplored characteristics, in the absence of means of prevention and therapy, it is especially important to prevent the aggravation of morbidity due to mixed infections. Here we review the mutual involvement of pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and seasonal respiratory viruses in the epidemic process, discuss some issues related to their spread, potential causes affecting the spread and severity of the morbidity. The given facts testify to the existence of seasonality and temporal patterns of the beginning and end of respiratory viruses circulation. Interestingly, the beginning of circulation of the pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus led to a shift in the timing and intensity of circulation of some respiratory viruses, which is probably caused by existence of “replication conflicts” between them, and did not affect others. Coinfection with SARS-CoV-2-19 and other respiratory viruses, especially respiratory syncytial virus and rhinoviruses, was quite often observed. At the current stage, no aggravating effect of influenza on the course of COVID-19 in mixed infection has been established. Whether this is due to the mild course of influenza infection in the 2020 epidemic season, or the competitive impact of SARS-CoV-2 on influenza viruses is not yet clear. Experts are still at the stage of accumulating facts and working on creating means of effective prevention and treatment of the new coronavirus infection.
Sputum smear positivity grade and chest X-ray findings in tuberculosis: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Behzadmehr Razieh , Nejadkehkha E.
Published: December 2021

Despite many advances in the diagnosis, screening, and rapid treatment of tuberculosis, it is still a public health concern in the world. Due to the importance of this issue in diagnosis and reduction of transmission of infection and treatment of the disease especially where this study was conducted due to the high prevalence of tuberculosis, the aim of our study was to determine the relationship between sputum smear positivity grade and chest X-ray findings in pulmonary tuberculosis patients in a hospital in southeast of Iran. This cross-sectional study was performed on all patients with pulmonary TB referencing the health centers in the Zabol city from January 1, 2015 to December 30, 2020. Sputum smear and radiographic findings of the chest X-ray were evaluated. Data was collected using a form of information and finally analyzed by SPSS 22. Out of 101 patients examined in the present study, 71 were women and 30 were men. The mean age of the patients was 62.6813.61 years. The frequency of opacity in patients with grades 1, 2, and 3 was 71.4, 78.5, and 76.5%, respectively. Frequency of cavitation in patients with grade 1, 2 and 3 was 11.5%, 28.5% and 52.9% respectively (P value 0.001). The frequency of reticulonodular presentations in patients with grade 1, 2, and 3 was 24.2, 7.1, and 0%, respectively. In general, the results of this study showed that, with increasing grading of smears (1+, 2+, and 3+), the frequency of cavitation presentation increased significantly and the frequency of reticulonodular presentations decreased significantly. The findings of the present study can help physicians to improve TB diagnostics.
(SOBRE)VIVENDO EM MEIO AO CAOS: O POTENCIAL DA LITERATURA E DO AFETO NA EDUCAÇÃO LINGUÍSTICA CRÍTICA
Authors: Kawachi Guilherme Jotto
Published: December 2021

RESUMO Os efeitos devastadores da pandemia de coronavírus têm impactado muitas esferas da sociedade, impondo contextos de (sobre) vivência marcados pela banalização da vida. Em um cenário em que a esperança parece ser invisibilizada, torna-se premente a construção da crítica (GARCIA, 2019) na educação (linguística), que, nessa perspectiva, é um espaço de resistência. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste artigo é debater as produções discentes resultantes de um projeto didático desenvolvido no segundo semestre de 2020 em uma disciplina de língua inglesa oferecida para alunos de graduação na Universidade Estadual de Campinas. O projeto parte de um conto de Margaret Atwood para suscitar reflexões sobre a estrutura narrativa e as temáticas postas em circulação, como feminismo e relações interpessoais. O trabalho se amparou na noção de letramentos literários (COSSON, 2020) como prática social, isto é, na literatura como um espaço de materialização discursiva de problemas, sensibilidades e histórias postas no mundo, almejando, assim, criar espaços de afeto (ROCHA, 2020) e sentimento (hooks, 2017) apesar dos distanciamentos vivenciados. A pedagogia dos multiletramentos (COPE; KALANTZIS, 2000) embasou a natureza teórico-metodológica das atividades, e as produções discentes são analisadas a partir de uma visão discursiva de língua/linguagem, também sob a ótica do letramento crítico (LUKE, 2014; MILLS, 2016; MONTE MOR, 2018). Sem intenção de romantizar um período tão doloroso, a expectativa é que as reflexões aqui compartilhadas possam inspirar os leitores a visibilizar esperança (no sentido freireano) que parece opaca em tempos sombrios.
Pílula do câncer na TV brasileira: a cobertura de programas televisivos sobre uma controvérsia científica
Authors: Ramalho Marina , Alvaro Marcela , Carvalho Vanessa Brasil de
Published: December 2021

Resumo Em 2015, a substância fosfoetanolamina sintética (FS) ganhou as manchetes nacionais como a “pílula do câncer”. Grupos de defesa de pacientes, juristas, governantes, médicos e cientistas passaram a debater o uso e a legalidade do composto. Por meio de uma análise de conteúdo quantitativa de vídeos veiculados em programas das três principais emissoras brasileiras de TV aberta – Rede Globo, Record TV e Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão (SBT) –, este artigo examina a cobertura televisiva do caso FS. Foram analisados 64 vídeos de 14 programas, totalizando cinco horas e 12 minutos. Os principais enfoques narrativos explorados pelas emissoras foram o político/jurídico e o científico. Embora imagens de cientistas tenham sido veiculadas em maior número em relação às de doentes, apenas 22 cientistas foram entrevistados, em contraste a 75 pacientes. Enquanto Record e SBT recorreram ao testemunho dos pacientes como ponto focal do caso, a Globo destacou o lado racional do debate, centrado em evidências científicas e alertas dos médicos.
Comunicação e Gênero como área de pesquisa: características e desenvolvimento dos estudos a partir da análise bibliométrica
Authors: Tavares Camilla Quesada , Massuchin Michele Goulart , Sousa Nayara Nascimento de , Silva Gabriela Almeida
Published: December 2021

Resumo Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir as características e o desenvolvimento das pesquisas em Comunicação que fazem interface com os Estudos de Gênero. A pesquisa é feita tendo como base a verificação de trabalhos publicados em todas as edições de 70 revistas, classificadas com Qualis A1, A2, B1 e B2 na área da Comunicação e Informação, da Capes. A discussão dos dados tem como base aspectos relacionados a três eixos: áreas predominantes, métodos e técnicas empregadas e processos priorizados nas observações empíricas. Ao todo, foram encontrados 633 artigos que assumem a junção entre Comunicação e Gênero e que compõem o corpus deste trabalho. Os dados são apresentados a partir do método quantitativo, sendo que a análise das publicações foi feita com base na observação sistemática dos artigos, seguindo a técnica bibliométrica. Dentre os resultados, destacam-se as pesquisas qualitativas e nas subáreas do jornalismo e audiovisual.
Desafios ético-políticos no exercício da cidadania científica em Comunicação
Authors: Maldonado Alberto Efendy
Published: December 2021

Resumo O artigo apresenta uma reflexão transmetodológica sobre a experiência de construção de redes de solidariedade acadêmica, para o exercício de uma cidadania científica crítica, experimental, inventiva e propositiva. Contextualiza a realidade econômico-política e acadêmica latino-americana, e os obstáculos que para a produção de pesquisa e conhecimento transformador tem de enfrentar, em institucionalidades condicionadas pelo modelo positivista de ciência. Argumenta sobre a necessidade da construção de poderes comunieducativos que assumam o compromisso ético/político de propor alternativas para superar o neocolonialismo acadêmico e os modos burocráticos de exercício investigativo. Trabalha uma perspectiva teórico-metodológica heurística, em cooperação com o pensamento crítico latino-americano e mundial.
INTERCOMUNICAÇÃO DO PORTUGUÊS COLOQUIAL E/OU NÃO PADRÃO E DO FRANCÊS PADRÃO EM AULA DE FRANCÊS LÍNGUA ESTRANGEIRA
Authors: ROMBALDI Claudia Regina Minossi , MOZZILLO Isabella
Published: December 2021

RESUMO Neste artigo, relacionam-se aspectos em variação no português àqueles cristalizados pela gramática no francês, com o objetivo de se estabelecerem intercomunicações entre produções que se assemelham no português coloquial e/ou não padrão e no francês padrão, partindo-se da hipótese segundo a qual atividades intercomunicativas de explicitação, entre tais particularidades, nas duas línguas, são capazes de gerar melhor proficiência na LE. Essa hipótese consubstancia-se em trabalhos como, por exemplo, os de Miranda de Paulo (2017), Candelier (2016) e Bagno (1999). A metodologia consiste em aulas expositivas e dialogadas, cujo foco incide em estimular os alunos a contrastarem e a inter-relacionarem atividades que contextualizem palavras ou expressões no francês padrão que se organizam de maneira semelhante à variação no português. Os resultados mostram que os sujeitos, além de terem contrastado as duas variedades, nas línguas em contato no estudo, também transpuseram estruturas de uma variedade a outra, adequando-as ao padrão do francês.
Reproductive biology aspects of Alopias pelagicus and A. superciliosus (Lamniformes: Alopiidae) in the Ecuadorian Pacific
Authors: Briones-Mendoza Jesús , Carrasco-Puig Pol , Toala-Franco Daniel
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT The reproductive biology of thresher shark species of the Ecuadorian Pacific was analysed based on 1236 specimens of Alopias pelagicus (711 females and 525 males) and 354 of A. superciliosus (164 females and 190 males) landed in “Playita Mía”, from January to December of 2019. The length of A. pelagicus females ranged between 67.2 and 184 cm PCL (precaudal length) and the males between 69.0 and 178.4 cm PCL, A. superciliosus registered a minimum and maximum size of 76.0 and 202.2 cm PCL for females and 94.0 and 204.8 cm PCL for males. The most frequently captured size class for A. pelagicus was 147.2−157.2 cm PCL and for A. superciliosus was 156.0-166.0 cm PCL. The sex ratio (F:M) for A. pelagicus and A. superciliosus was 1.35F:1M and 0.86F:1M respectively. For A. pelagicus males the inflection point of the clasper length adjustment, was 134.2 cm PCL and size at first sexual maturity (L 50 ) was estimated at 136.0 cm PCL. For A. superciliosus males the inflection point of the clasper length adjustment, was 136.8 cm PCL, and the first sexual maturity (L 50 ) was estimated at 138.7 cm PCL.
Environmental influence on the reproductive strategy of Helogenes marmoratus (Siluriformes: Cetopsidae) in the Amazonian streams
Authors: López-Rodríguez Nathalia C. , Leão Andrews H. F. , Rocha Rossineide M. , Prudente Bruno S. , Montag Luciano F. A.
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT The reproductive strategy of a species must be adjusted to variations in environmental conditions to guarantee population balance. Hydrological fluctuations in Amazonian streams of terra firme (non-flooded) are controlled primarily by local rainfall. Fish assemblages are composed predominantly of species of small size. We investigated the reproductive strategy of the cryptic catfish Helogenes marmoratus and assessed the influence of environmental variables (e.g., rainfall, conductivity, habitat descriptors) on its reproductive activity in a catchment of the Guamá River in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. Through monthly collections between March 2019 and March 2020, we identified an extended reproductive period between July 2019 and March 2020. Males mature at smaller sizes than females (♂ = 27.41 mm; ♀ = 31.36 mm). We confirmed batch spawning, low fecundity (59.55 ± 22.76 stage IV oocytes), and large oocytes (1.24 ± 0.15 mm). Our results indicated that H. marmoratus strategy occupies an intermediate place between opportunistic and equilibrium gradient. Multiple regressions showed that thalweg depth, electrical conductivity, leaf litter, and rainfall are important drivers of reproductive activity of females of H. marmoratus, explaining 32% of the variation of the GSI. Our study provides evidence of differentiated reproductive response between the sexes to environmental variables.
Fios e enteados: reencenações filiais no romance machadiano
Authors: Ferreira Diana Duarte
Published: December 2021

Resumo Embora os problemas de geração e filiação sejam universais, Edward Said notou como essa tópica é particularmente recorrente no modernismo. O mesmo se pode verificar no conjunto romanesco de Machado de Assis: a incidência crítica das dificuldades filiativas, desde o plano da narrativa (narrador, enredo, personagens) ao plano do livro (escritor, publicação, crítica), pervagando o plano do romance (o problema do autor suposto e da assinatura), é extraordinária. Este artigo procura demonstrar, a partir das metáforas autorais platónicas e por meio de exemplos concretos, desde Ressurreição ao Memorial de Aires, como a tópica da filiação problemática é constitutiva do romance machadiano.
New highlights on effects of rapid palatal expansion on the skull base: a finite element analysis study
Authors: SEVILLANO Manuel Gustavo Chávez , KEMMOKU Daniel Takanori , NORITOMI Pedro Yoshito , FERNANDES Luciana Quintanilha Pires , CAPELLI JUNIOR Jonas , QUINTÃO Cátia
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the rapid palatal expansion (RPE) on the pterygoid process (PP), spheno-occipital synchondrosis (SOS) and sella turcica (ST) in the skull of a patient with transversal maxillary collapse, and identify the distribution of mechanical stresses and displacement, by finite element analysis (FEA). Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was employed to examine the skull of a patient in this study. The patient was a 13-year-old boy, with Class II skeletal relationship due to transverse atresia and maxillary protrusion. The computer-aided design (CAD) geometry of skull was imported into the SimLab v. 13.1 software, to build the finite element mesh. For the simulation, a displacement of 1 mm, 3 mm and 5 mm in a transverse direction was defined at the midpalatal suture, thereby representing the RPE. For the analysis of results, maximum principal stress (MPS) and displacements were evaluated by identifying different nodes, which were represented by the points as per the areas of interest in the study. Results: In MPS, the maximum tensile stress was found at point 2 (366.50 MPa) and point 3 (271.50 Mpa). The maximum compressive stress was found at point 8 (-5.84 Mpa). The higher displacements in the transversal plane and the lateral segment were located at point 1 (2.212 mm), point 2 (0.903 mm) and point 3 (0.238 mm). Conclusions: RPE has a direct effect on PP, SOS and ST in the Class II model skeletal relationship with a transversal maxillary collapse. PP supported a higher tensile stress and displacement.
Streptococcus mutans adherence to conventional and self-ligating brackets: an in vitro study
Authors: FERES Murilo Fernando Neuppmann , VICIONI-MARQUES Fernanda , ROMANO Fábio Lourenço , ROSCOE Marina Guimarães , SOUZA Vinícius Matsuzaki de , TORNERI Aline Lira , BUENO-SILVA Bruno
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT Introduction: Although self-ligating brackets presumably provide better hygiene conditions, no consensus has been reached so far. Objective: Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate, in an in vitro experimental design, the adherence of Streptococcus mutans (SM) in self-ligating and conventional brackets of different manufacturers and ligature types. Methods: Four commercial brands of maxillary premolar metal brackets were tested (Abzil®; Morelli®; 3M Unitek®; and GAC®). Each one was subdivided into three groups, which varied according to the type of ligature and bracket model (metallic, elastic, and self-ligating), totalizing twelve groups, composed of six brackets each. Previously sterilized brackets were initially immersed in saliva for one hour, and subsequently washed and added in a bacterial suspension, maintained in aerobiosis for 72 hours. The adhered bacteria were then separated and quantified by colony forming units (CFU/mL) counting after 48 hours of growth. The groups were compared by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn post-hoc tests (p< 0.05). Results: Regardless of the commercial brand, self-ligating brackets had significantly less CFU/mL. However, according to comparisons performed within each commercial brand, only Abzil® self-ligating brackets had significantly lower biofilm adhesion. Among all of the self-ligating models, GAC® brackets presented the highest bacterial adhesion rate. Conclusions: Self-ligating brackets are likely to present lower rates of biofilm adhesion. Particularly, Abzil® and GAC® self-ligating brackets are less likely to accumulate biofilm. Although such results are derived from an in vitro study, practitioners might acknowledge findings concerning bacterial adhesion as one of the relevant features to be considered during bracket selection.
Diversidad y calidad fúngica del aire de la Casa Museo Polo Montañez, Artemisa, Cuba
Authors: Santana Reynier Cruz , Montero Rocío del Valle , Espinosa Kenia C. Sánchez
Published: December 2021

RESUMEN El estudio de la aeromicobiota de los museos contribuye a la conservación de los materiales que allí se resguardan y a la prevención de enfermedades alérgicas en los visitantes. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la diversidad y calidad fúngica del aire de la Casa Museo Polo Montañez mediante una metodología volumétrica no viable. Se calculó la razón entre las concentraciones fúngicas del aire interior y exterior para evaluar su calidad. Además, se realizó un análisis ecológico de los hongos detectados. La calidad del aire interior de las salas fue buena y se comprobó la similitud entre los taxones del interior y exterior. El tipo esporal Aspergillus/Penicillium destacó por su abundancia en el aire interior y el tipo esporal Cladosporium en el exterior. De la micobiota detectada 12 géneros se informan con propiedades biodeteriorantes y nueve alergénicas. Los cuatro tipos esporales identificados pueden manifestar ambas potencialidades.
Cuscuta L. (Convolvulaceae) na Região Sul do Brasil
Authors: Ferreira Priscila Porto Alegre , Dettke Greta Aline , Simão-Bianchini Rosangela , Miotto Silvia Teresinha Sfoggia
Published: December 2021

RESUMO Cuscuta é amplamente distribuído e possui aproximadamente 200 espécies de parasitas volúveis. Estima-se que ocorram 26 espécies no Brasil, porém, não há estudos atuais publicados para a flora do país. Por meio de extensa revisão bibliográfica, de materiais de herbários e expedições a campo, foram reconhecidos 15 táxons de Cuscuta na Região Sul do Brasil (Estados do Paraná, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul): Cuscuta boliviana, C. campestris, C. corniculata, C. epilinum, C. incurvata, C. indecora var. neuropetala, C. obtusiflora, C. odorata, C. orbiculata, C. platyloba, C. racemosa, C. taimensis, C. xanthochortos var. xanthochortos, C. xanthochortos var. carinata e C. xanthochortos var. lanceolata. Uma nova espécie foi descrita (C. taimensis P.P.A. Ferreira & Dettke) e novas ocorrências para os Estados e uma para o Brasil foram confirmadas durante este estudo. São fornecidas chave de identificação, descrições morfológicas, ilustrações, além de dados de distribuição geográfica e habitat dos táxons.
Como os desembargadores reagem a derrotas?
Authors: Araújo Mateus Morais , Magalhães Lucas Fernandes
Published: December 2021

Resumo Como os desembargadores minoritários reagem a derrotas? Os desembargadores mantêm seus entendimentos iniciais, a despeito de serem derrotados pela maioria, ou deferem em algumas ocasiões para a maioria, abrindo mão de suas decisões iniciais, com a finalidade de maximizar certos objetivos? A partir de uma base de dados original contendo uma amostra de acórdãos do Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo e do Tribunal de Justiça do Rio Grande do Sul, observou-se que, dos 30 desembargadores analisados, 24 se afastaram do seu posicionamento inicial em pelo menos uma decisão, e que, dos 233 votos contabilizados, 86 foram deferentes. Além disso, a partir de um modelo de regressão logística, foram identificados três fatores que contribuem para o aumento da chance de o desembargador deferir para a maioria, afastando-se do seu posicionamento inicial: 1) oposições majoritárias estáveis; 2) assumir a função de vogal no julgamento (vs. relator); 3) ingressar no tribunal através de promoção na carreira (vs. Quinto Constitucional).
Direitos sexuais e reprodutivos ou direitos sexuais e direitos reprodutivos? Dilemas e contradições nos marcos normativos nacionais e internacionais
Authors: Gomes Juliana Cesario Alvim
Published: December 2021

Resumo Nas últimas décadas, desdobramentos jurídicos relativos à sexualidade e à identidade de gênero vêm sendo reconhecidos tanto nacional quanto internacionalmente. Nesse contexto, apesar dos esforços para a construção e consolidação de um conteúdo autônomo, os direitos sexuais com frequência são reivindicados a partir do tratamento conjunto de “direitos sexuais e reprodutivos”. O presente artigo busca demonstrar que, historicamente, sobretudo a partir das conferências internacionais da década de 1990, esse tratamento indiferenciado entre direitos sexuais e reprodutivos colaborou para que os primeiros passassem a ser vistos como uma categoria subordinada e condicionada aos segundos. Esse processo, embora tenha sido objeto de críticas pela literatura, não foi revertido no emprego do termo pelo poder público no Brasil. À luz dessas considerações, o artigo busca apontar a utilidade da categoria autônoma dos direitos sexuais para a proteção e promoção de direitos relativos à sexualidade e identidade de gênero. De maneira mais ampla, tem por objetivo evidenciar alguns dos riscos que uma visão que desconsidere as características de interdependência e indivisibilidade dos direitos humanos pode acarretar.
Costa Rica's Oversized Role in Latin American Sexual and Reproductive Rights Lawfare
Authors: Morgan Lynn M.
Published: December 2021

Abstract Costa Rica's reputation as a stable democracy and champion of inter-American human rights law makes it both beacon and bellwether for sexual and reproductive rights in the American continent. The Costa Rican government brought cases involving in vitro fertilization and same-sex marriage to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, which issued historic decisions expanding reproductive and sexual rights across Latin America. In response, a transnational coalition of self-proclaimed pro-life and pro-family organizations has targeted the Organization of American States and its system of inter-American human rights law, calling on the OAS to respect national sovereignty concerning life and family matters. This chapter traces Costa Rica's key role in Latin American sexual and reproductive rights lawfare as well as the resulting backlash.
Regulação da formação de professores para o ensino do Direito no Brasil: análise a partir de dois casos
Authors: Angelo Jordi Othon , Forte Joannes Paulus Silva
Published: December 2021

Resumo Este artigo analisa a regulação da formação de professores oferecida nos cursos de mestrado e de doutorado dos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Direito (PPGDs) da Universidade de Fortaleza (UNIFOR) e da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC). A pesquisa, de caráter documental, foi desenvolvida a partir da seguinte questão norteadora: como ocorre a regulação da formação de professores oferecida nos cursos de mestrado e de doutorado dos PPGDs da UNIFOR e da UFC? Por meio da análise documental, foram abordados a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (LDB) n. 9.394/1996, os documentos de avaliação e regulação elaborados, de 2017 a 2019, pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), os Regimentos Internos (RIs) vigentes em 2020 e os programas das disciplinas ofertadas por ambos os PPGDs. A análise dos documentos possibilitou observar que, atualmente, a LDB pouco regula a formação de professores na pós-graduação, o que, consequentemente, repercute na avaliação dos PPGDs realizada pela CAPES, que privilegia a pesquisa em detrimento da formação docente, dissociando ensino e pesquisa, levando os PPGDs a preterir a formação de professores para os cursos de Direito. A pesquisa revelou que, no tocante à avaliação da qualidade dos cursos feita pela CAPES, a formação de pesquisadores ocupa lugar privilegiado, enquanto a docência ocupa lugar desvalorizado, quase invisível. Além das especificidades dos dois programas analisados, destaca-se, na regulação da formação de professores para o magistério superior em geral, a ausência de um preparo articulado entre pesquisa, teoria e prática do trabalho docente, fundamental à formação e ao exercício da profissão de professor, fato que compromete significativamente a profissionalização e a construção de identidades docentes, assim como a qualidade do ensino oferecido nos cursos de Direito no Brasil.
Judicial Lawfare: Analysis of Legal Arguments against Abortion Rights in Peruvian Courts
Authors: Gianella Camila , Álvarez Brenda
Published: December 2021

Abstract This article analyzes the puzzling case of Peru, a country highlighted as an example of the internationalization of sexual and reproductive health and rights norms through supranational litigation, but where these legal victories have not prompted an expansion of abortion rights. Through the analysis of three judicial cases, with a focus on the legal arguments and strategies, the article argues that two features of the abortion legal mobilization in Peru are key to understand the lack of more positive developments: 1) formalistic feature of Peruvian Courts, that offers little space toward recognizing additional grounds for abortion, as has been the case in other Latin American countries; 2) innovative capacity of anti-abortion legal mobilization, that have forced to create a tacit alliance between the movement toward the recognition of abortion rights and the State, to defend the (restricted) abortion rights in the country.
Effects of sensorimotor training on pelvic stability and balance in runners
Authors: Freitas Letícia Jonas de , Ignácio Sharon Moreira , Bonfim Thatia Regina
Published: December 2021

Abstract Introduction: Running has increased significantly in recent years due to its benefits and practicality. However, like any sport, running poses a risk of injury, leading to the need for clinical intervention and even its practitioners quitting the sport. Therefore, preventive strategies seeking to minimize the occurrence and consequences of such risk factors in these athletes are pivotal. Objective: To investigate the preventive effects of a sensorimotor training protocol on the balance and pelvic stability of runners. Methods: The study sample consisted of fourteen 10-km runners of both genders divided into two groups: the control group (CG) and the sensorimotor training group (SMTG). Both groups were evaluated using the single-leg stance test (static balance), Trendelenburg test (pelvic stability), and hop test (dynamic balance). The SMTG underwent 16 interventions, while the CG did not receive any intervention. Results: The SMTG showed a significant increase in the permanence time of the single-leg stance test (p < 0.05) and a reduction in knee valgus during impulse and landing moments of the single hop test only in the right lower limb (p < 0.05), while the CG showed no significant difference in all tests applied (p > 0.05). Regarding pelvic stability, there was no significant difference in any of the groups. Conclusion: The proposed protocol significantly improved the static balance of the SMTG, but not the pelvic stability.
Short term functional training improves completion quality of body difficulty of juvenile rhythmic gymnasts
Authors: Qin Yu-ke , Zeng Jie , Peng Li
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT To explore the impact of functional training on completion quality of body difficulty, 24 rhythmic gymnasts aged 10-11 years old were randomly and averagely divided into functional training and control group and trained 2h/day for 1 month. Body difficulty – including balance, rotation, and leap difficulties – was measured before and after training. The results showed that the total score, the score of 360° passé pivot and the score of split leap for the functional training group was respectively 1.87, 0.77, and 0.42 points higher than those for the control group (P<0.05) after 1 month of training. Therefore, it can be concluded that functional training based on Functional Movement Screen (FMS) can clearly improve completion quality of body difficulty in juvenile rhythmic gymnastics within a short period of time.
INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO DE ESCOLAS DE NEGÓCIOS BASEADA NAS ATIVIDADES DOS ACADÊMICOS: ELUCIDAÇÕES TRAZIDAS PELA TEORIA DA TROCA SOCIAL
Authors: Romani-Dias Marcello , Biasoli Angela Maria Scroccaro , Carneiro Jorge , Barbosa Aline dos Santos
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT The internationalization of higher education has gained in theoretical and empirical importance in recent decades. In this context, this article aims to describe and analyze the internationalization of business schools from the activities of their academics and based on the propositions defended by the Social Exchange Theory (SET). To achieve our goal we conducted 39 interviews with academics from business schools in the United States and Brazil, including Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Harvard, Getulio Vargas Foundation (FGV) and University of Sao Paulo (USP). We found that: (i) there are individual rewards that are not addressed by SET; (ii) there are benefits to third parties not covered by SET; (iii) certain non-rational choices are not provided by SET; and (iv) the condition of equivalence between costs and rewards provided by SET has its weaknesses. With these findings we add theoretical and empirical contributions to our theme.
IS YOUR SUPPLY CHAIN READY FOR THE NEXT DISRUPTION? BUILDING RESILIENT CHAINS
Authors: Alvarenga Murilo Zamboni , Oliveira Marcos Paulo Valadares de , Zanquetto Filho Hélio , Desouza Kevin C. , Ceryno Paula Santos
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT The ability to recover from disruptions is important for organizations and supply chains. Empirical data were used to investigate factors that affect supply chain recovery from disruptions, including collaboration, visibility, flexibility, analytical orientation, and supply chain risk management. A literature review was conducted to build an online questionnaire that was applied to manufacturing firms in Brazil. This work’s statistical method includes confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Our results indicate that a package of resilience capabilities - collaboration, flexibility, visibility, and analytical orientation - positively affect supply chain resilience. Improving such capabilities, therefore, will allow supply chains to recover better from disruptions. It was also discovered, however, that supply chains do not recover from disruptions by way of supply chain risk management alone. Mutual impacts also exist between the group of resilience capabilities and supply chain risk management.
Musa acuminata nanoemulgel: formulation, in vitro kinetics and antimicrobial studies
Authors: Veeramani Gaanapriya , Murugaiyan Sivakumar Vaiyazhipalayam , Marimuthu Thirumarimurugan
Published: December 2021

The study was intended to formulate nanoemulgel from the leaf extract of Musa acuminata. Ethanol and chloroform were used as solvents in the ratio of 1:8 (%w/v). DL-alpha-tocopherol, characterised by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, was identified to be the major component with potential biological activities. Based on a pseudo-ternary plot, the 1:1 S mix (surfactant:co-surfactant) ratio was optimised as it posed maximum regions of emulsion. The prepared nanoemulgel was evaluated for physical appearance, pH, spreadability and swelling index. The appearance was pale yellowish-white, translucent within a pH range of 5–5.8. Antimicrobial studies were performed against dandruff-causing microbes (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Malassezia furfur). In vitro studies were carried out for optimised formulations of EG2, EG4, CG2 and CG3. The drug release of 94.28% after 12 h with the Higuchi plot of R 2 value as 0.99 was observed for EG2. The kinetically optimised formulation, EG2, was found to have a good spreadability of 12.2 (g cm)/s and a swelling index of 64%.
Student Insights Related to the Use of Simultaneous Speech Translation for Video Lectures in a University English Course
Authors: Irvin Christopher
Published: December 2021

For native English-speaking teachers, the ability to overcome communication issues caused by not having the same first language as their pupils is a challenge, especially with low-level students. The increased use of video lectures due to COVD-19 has made this even more difficult. This study was conducted to investigate whether the use of Artificial Intelligence-powered interlingual Simultaneous Speech Translation subtitled video lectures could be a practical solution to overcome this challenge. To that end, 14 participants from a first-semester prerequisite General English course took part in this study. A semi-structured interview was combined with surveys and descriptive statistics, and data was analyzed through qualitative means of thematic, descriptive, and inductive procedures that relied on simultaneous analysis and category construction. Key findings were as follows: First, respondents found the subtitled videos to be highly satisfactory and fairly accurate. Second, respondents reported greater content understanding as the main advance and less emphasis on improving listening ability as the primary disadvantage. Third, the use of English instead of Korean subtitles or subtitling only certain sections of the video in Korean were the main suggestions for the future. Specific responses from the student interviews and future implications are discussed.
Advances and Limitations in Open Source Arabic-Script OCR: A Case Study
Authors: Kiessling Benjamin , Kurin Gennady , Miller Matthew Thomas , Smail Kader
Published: December 2021

This work presents an accuracy study of the open source OCR engine, Kraken, on the leading Arabic scholarly journal, al-Abhath. In contrast with other commercially available OCR engines, Kraken is shown to be capable of producing highly accurate Arabic-script OCR. The study also assesses the relative accuracy of typeface-specific and generalized models on the al-Abhath data and provides a microanalysis of the “error instances” and the contextual features that may have contributed to OCR misrecognition. Building on this analysis, the paper argues that Arabic-script OCR can be significantly improved through (1) a more systematic approach to training data production, and (2) the development of key technological components, especially multi-language models and improved line segmentation and layout analysis./Cet article présente une étude d’exactitude du moteur ROC open source, Krakan, sur la revue académique arabe de premier rang, al-Abhath. Contrairement à d’autres moteurs ROC disponibles sur le marché, Kraken se révèle être capable de produire de la ROC extrêmement exacte de l’écriture arabe. L’étude évalue aussi l’exactitude relative des modèles spécifiquement configurés à des polices et celle des modèles généralisés sur les données d’al-Abhath et fournit une microanalyse des « occurrences d’erreurs », ainsi qu’une microanalyse des éléments contextuels qui pourraient avoir contribué à la méreconnaissance ROC. S’appuyant sur cette analyse, cet article fait valoir que la ROC de l’écriture arabe peut être considérablement améliorée grâce à (1) une approche plus systématique d’entraînement de la production de données et (2) grâce au développement de composants technologiques fondamentaux, notammentl’amélioration des modèles multilingues, de la segmentation de ligne et de l’analyse de la mise en page.
Embracing risky refuge: women, land laws and livelihood vulnerabilities in rural Kenya
Authors: Thamari-odhiambo Mary
Published: December 2021

There has been a growing interest in laws governing resources particularly land in reference to gender in Africa. Law reforms in relation to land have produced potentially useful regulations and espoused egalitarian land rights. However, the backdrop to these reforms contains a scene of land disputes, resistance to laws, violence against women and poor enforcement leading to injustices to women with a pervasive effect on families in vulnerable communities. Using focused ethnographic research methods, the writer investigated women's land rights between November 2015 and August 2016. In-depth interviews, focus group discussions, review of archival records and observations were utilised. The study found that in contexts of prolonged livelihood vulnerabilities, as in the case of the Luo people of south-western Kenya, women seeking refuge from livelihood difficulties employ two strategies to anchor their security. They migrate from marital homes to fishing villages and also lay claim to marital land, which is held by men according to customary laws. These strategies produce social dilemmas and risky manoeuvering. Statutory land laws that are enacted to mitigate land related conflicts undermine the existing customary land laws that advantage men. Therefore, women's land claims, and statutory land laws that espouse equality in land ownership, destabilise men's sense of masculinity. By drawing on the experiences of women, I show the intersection between land laws, enduring injustices and gender relations in a context of strained livelihoods.
Engendering access to environmental justice in Nigeria's oil producing areas
Authors: Roberts Fo Nyemutu
Published: December 2021

This article interrogates engendering access to environmental justice in Nigeria's oil producing areas and its connection with poverty and disempowerment of women. Women already suffer from the fact that access to justice for the vast majority of Nigerians is challenging and restrictive. It is discriminatory against women. Access to environmental justice is, therefore, an additional burden on them, and of significant concern to the people in the country's oil producing Niger Delta region. Militant youths, women and communities have protested in diverse forms against the injustice they suffer as a result of oil and gas production in the region. However, the Nigerian State has often responded with brutal repression resulting in deepening environmental insult in the region. The oil producing areas, therefore, suffer a triple jeopardy. First, access to justice remains a huge challenge for the people, including women. Secondly, there is the additional burden that they have to struggle for environmental justice against a State and international oil companies that are complicit in the adverse environmental desiderata, a disproportionate brunt of which is borne by women who, however, occupy an auxiliary position in the struggle. Thirdly, where there is policy intervention by way of environmental "clean up" projects, such interventions hardly face up to the need to involve women in developing and implementing key policies, which means that important issues for women are ignored and women continue to suffer substantive environmental injustice.
'The trees do not belong to Chief Maranke but to the Native Reserves Trust': The politics of timber resource exploitation in African reserves, colonial Zimbabwe, 1924-1948
Authors: Masakure Clement , Ndumeya Noel
Published: December 2021

Contextualised within a settler state characterised by racial discrimination and unequal access to natural resources, this article examines the ideological, environmental and economic considerations surrounding the formation of the Native Reserves Trust (NRT) and the role it played in the exploitation of timber resources in the African reserves of Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). Cognisant of the fact that the colonial state set aside marginal and less productive reserves for the Africans, the paper uses the NRT as a lens to view the process by which the settler society penetrated African reserves and exploited timber resources that were needed for the white-owned enterprises, while at the same time, Africans were barred from exploiting the same resources in European domains. The study further discusses the significance of timber in the African reserves, analyses the role of the NRT in regulating timber exploitation processes and the relations between the state, timber concessionaire companies and the African communities. Lastly, it assesses the extent to which timber exploitation contributed to environmental destruction, and how this prompted a policy shift, leading to the implementation of state-initiated afforestation programmes in these reserves and how these re-shaped state-African relations. On the whole, we note that the exploitation of timber resources in African areas replicated the larger colonial policy that favoured whites at the expense of Africans.
Investigating an Inverse Finite Element Approach for Characterising Soft Materials
Authors: Bresler F.H. , Müller J.H. , Venter G.
Published: December 2021

Soft materials, such as soft biological tissue and soft silicone rubber, are non-linear materials which require the classical uniaxial and biaxial tensile testing methods for characterisation. Unfortunately, in special cases, such as for soft biological tissue, the samples are smaller than 10 mm × 10 mm in size and these classical tensile testing methods produce unwanted stress and strain gradients due to the fastening techniques associated with these methods. Micro-indentation is proposed as an alternative method for characterising soft materials. Using inverse Finite Element (FE) analysis and a known Mooney-Rivlin three parameter material model, six different micro-indentation tests were proposed. A theoretical approach was used to determine which indentation test best characterised a silicone sample, by using two FE models. The results showed that micro-indentation is capable of characterising a soft material in ideal conditions with a cylindrical indenter applied in a diagonal orientation over the sample, as the best indentation method. Finally, it was observed that the material model can either match the displacements with the smallest objective function or the stress vs. stretch curve can be matched to 99 % over the whole stretch range but not both simultaneously.
La poétique de la banlieue chez Marina Tsvetaeva
Authors: Delporte Florent
Published: December 2021

Depuis son départ de Russie, le parcours et la vie de Marina Tsvetaeva sont liés aux banlieues où elle séjourne durant quinze ans de 1923 à 1938, qu’il s’agisse des banlieues pragoises ou parisiennes (Meudon, Clamart, Vanves). Le choix d’y trouver refuge est souvent dicté par des contraintes matérielles et économiques. Mais « s’exiler » hors des centres-villes est aussi une attitude poétique qui n’est pas innocente pour un poète aussi sensible aux lieux que Tsvetaeva. Notre travail a donc pour but de différencier les banlieues où elle vécut, de briser certains préjugés sur ces endroits vus comme lointains et austères et de réfléchir à ce que la banlieue peut représenter dans son imaginaire poétique.
L’Europe de Marina Tsvetaeva, du mythe à la constellation
Authors: Bérenger Caroline
Published: December 2021

Quels sont les contours de l’Europe de Marina Tsvetaeva ? Quelle est la part européenne d’une poétesse russe dont la parole a des accents universels ? L’Europe de son enfance remonte aux sources de la vocation poétique, baignée de romantisme allemand, dans l’ancien monde de la Russie prérévolutionnaire. C’est le lieu de naissance de la poésie, de la Tauride à la Crimée de Koktebel, des mythes antiques aux avant-gardes de l’âge d’argent, dans le sillage de la figure tutélaire d’Alexandre Pouchkine. L’Europe de la maturité est aussi celle de l’exil en 1922, puis de l’émigration en France. Marina Tsvetaeva devenue apatride est une étrangère. Tandis qu’elle traverse les frontières, elle célèbre dans son œuvre l’esprit tsigane et la vie nomade. Elle va vivre dans sa chair l’irruption de la barbarie et l’effondrement du continent. C’est alors qu’une troisième Europe se profile sur les ruines de l’ancienne, celle de la renaissance posthume qui prépare sa réception future. La réparation se fait par la filiation avec Maria Rainer Rilke, dans la communauté des poètes, un « monde toute-langue » animé par une « nostalgie de la culture universelle ». Ainsi se dessine la carte évolutive d’un continent intérieur, « Mon Europe » aurait dit Tsvetaeva, une patrie spirituelle, un topos poétique, une « topographie de l’âme ». Au-delà des ruptures géographiques et historiques, au centre et dans les marges, une trinité continentale émerge, l’« Eurussie » de Marina Tsvetaeva, le destin européen d’une œuvre poétique dont la russité non négociable est une percée dans l’universel.
Ciudad, memoria y proyecto en el vacio del centro de São Paulo
Authors: Miranda Rosana Helena
Published: December 2021

Este artículo trata del tema de renovación urbana en los barrios obreros en la ciudad de São Paulo. El objeto de estudio presentado es la lectura del tejido urbano de la memoria del período de industrialización de la ciudad a finales del siglo XIX y comienzos del siglo XX teniendo como objeto la localización y tipología de las villas obreras que permanecen como conjunto urbano desde la cartografía catastro de 1930. Las villas obreras fueron el modo de vivir de la clase obrera de São Paulo en los distritos que circundan el antiguo ferrocarril São Paulo Railway y el río Tamanduateí. Estos conjuntos forman parte de los distritos que perdieron población a partir del desplazamiento de la actividad industrial a otras áreas de la Región Metropolitana y componen con numerosas fábricas vacías y los galpones del ferrocarril el vacío construido con gran potencial de reocupación del centro de la ciudad. Las villas y las fábricas marcan aún la fisonomía y la memoria de la ciudad industrial que actualmente se caracteriza como metrópolis de servicios. La ampliación del centro, favorecida por la infraestructura existente, debe guiarse por un diálogo con la memoria y la generación de empleos. El artículo presenta resultados de la investigación realizada en 17 distritos del área central y su articulación con la actividad de enseñanza de arquitectura y urbanismo con el objetivo de acercar a los alumnos a un abordaje de proyecto y contexto.