bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Produtos de efeito fisiológico na produção de rosa de corte - aplicação e crescimento
Authors: Neres da Silva Maria De Lourdes , Barbosa Mayara Suzanne de Melo , Lima Raylla Da Rocha , Ferreira Sabino João Henrique , Ramos Anamaria Ribeiro Pereira , Beckmann-Cavalcante Márkilla Zunete
Published: November 2018

The introduction of the cut rose culture in high temperature environment requires the use of technologies that allows its acclimation to the unusual environment. Products based on strobilurins, carboxamides and anilides as well as plant regulators that promote changes in the plant growth, can be a viable tool for the introduction of cut roses in the semiarid Northeast of Brazil. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of products with physiological effects on the growth of cut rose ‘Ambiance’ in the Submedium of the São Francisco Valley. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replicates and six treatments: control (water application); Boscalid; Pyraclostrobin; mixture of Boscalid + Pyraclostrobin; Fluxapyroxad + Pyraclostrobin; Kinetin + GA3 + IBA; and consisted of foliar applications every 15 days for 280 days. The growth evaluations were performed through physiological indexes assessment, chlorophyll content and production of flower buds per stem. The results obtained showed that, especially Boscalid, both isolated and combined with Pyraclostrobin, the Fluxapyroxad + Pyraclostrobin and the plant regulators provided better physiological responses on the growth of the rose ‘Ambiance’, considering the relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, leaf area ratio and specific leaf area. Although the average increase on production of flower buds per stem of all treatments applied in relation to the control was in the order of 135%, none of the treatments applied produced stem for cut roses with the required commercial standards, indicating that further studies are needed for an adequate introduction of the crop in Submedium of the São Francisco Valley.
“Visit My Stall”, A Game For Learning Indonesian as a Foreign Language (BIPA)
Authors: Zulfa Puspa Fortuna , Triyono Sulis
Published: November 2018

Essentially, learning Indonesian is the same as learning other foreign languages for the foreigners, and it uses the same methods for teaching and learning process. The tutor of that learning Indonesian for the foreigners (BIPA) must choose the appropriate methods for making teaching and learning process runs well and interesting. This paper is written based on the literature which aims at promoting a game, Visit My Stall, game for learning Indonesian as a foreign language. This paper also tries to show the explanation about this game, how to implement it, roles of the teacher and learners, as well as the assessment and the advantages offered. This game is created based on the principles of Communicative Language Teaching and Cooperative Learning in which learners are given the opportunities for cooperating with their group actively and interacting by exchanging their ideas to solve the problems in the form of tasks given by the teacher by means for achieving the same goals of each group. This game is not only to improve learners’ speaking skill in Indonesian, but also to motivate them when the learning process takes place. Thus, learning Indonesian for the foreigners will be an exciting and enjoyable activity for them.
Effect of boric acid on some elemental levels on rat's liver and kidney tissues during mercury chloride exposure
Authors: Akkoyun Hurrem Turan
Published: November 2018

In this study, the effect of boric acid on the important trace elements copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) and nickel (Ni) in liver and kidney tissue of rats treated with mercury chloride was investigated. Twenty-four male Wistar albino rats (weighing 200 ± 300 g) were divided into 3 groups: Control (C), Mercury chloride (HgCl2), Mercury chloride (HgCl2) + boric acid (BA). Iron and copper were decreased whereas Mn, Zn and Ni levels were increased in liver tissue in Hg administered group compared to control. Cu (p<0.01) and Mn (p<0.001) levels were increased in Hg + BA administered group compared to Hg group. Renal tissue Cu (p<0.01), Mn and Zn levels were increased whereas Ni (p<0.05) and Fe levels were decreased in Hg administered group compared to control group. Cu (p<0.001) and Zn (p<0.05) content increased in Hg + BA group compared to control group. As a result, it is thought that boric acid may have an effect on important trace element levels such as copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni) in case of oxidative stress caused by mercury chloride.
MiR-122 exerts anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Cheng Chen , Xiaohua Wang , Ning Jiang , Dan Zong , Chengyun Yao , Lijun Zhao , Li Yin , Shengfu Huang , Hong Ji , He Xia
Published: November 2018

To investigate the effects of microRNA-122 (miR-122) on the proliferation and apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) HONE-1 cells, and its correlation with the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway. Human NPC cell line (HONE-1) was transfected with miR-122 inhibitor (anti-miR-122 group), negative controls (vector control group) via lipofectamines, and HONE-1 cell lines undergoing no transfection were selected (non-transfection group). The expression of miR-122, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and expressions of PI3K/AKT pathway and downstream target proteins in the three groups were determined using fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), cell counting kit-8 (CCK8), immunofluorescence (IF) and Western blotting, respectively. The expression of miR-122 in the anti-miR-122 group was significantly lower than corresponding expressions in the non-transfection and vector control groups after 48h of transfection (p <0.05). The proliferation of cells in the anti-miR-122 group was significantly reduced with time after transfection (p <0.05). After 48h of transfection, the extent of apoptosis in the anti-miR-122 group (47.11 ± 1.95%) was significantly higher than that in normal control (7.37 ± 0.82%) and vector control group (8.54 ± 0.96%; p <0.05). There were no significant differences in the expressions of PI3K, AKT, mTOR protein, and the downstream signal proteins (p70S6K and 4E-BP1) in the three groups (p >0.05). However, the expressions of phosphorylated forms of these proteins were significantly lower in the anti-miR-122 group than in the non-transfection and vector control groups (p <0.05). IF results revealed that there were no significant differences in the fluorescence intensity value of PI3K and Akt among the three groups of patients (p>0.05). Inhibition of the expression of miR-122 in NPC suppresses the proliferation, and promotes their apoptosis through the PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathway.
Czy Czesi są narodem tchórzy? Josefa Škvoreckiego dyskusja z tradycją heroiczną
Authors: Gawarecka Anna
Published: November 2018

W czeskiej tradycji kulturowej paradygmat bohaterski, bazujący na respektowaniu absolutnego imperatywu poświęcenia życia za ojczyznę zastępowany bywa przez wzorce odmienne, w których postawa patriotyczna przejawia się nie w „wielkich” jednorazowych i spektakularnych gestach, ale w sumie codziennych, rutynowych nierzadko działań bliskich idei pracy organicznej. Bohaterami tej pracy stawali się w pierwszym rzędzie pisarze, dziennikarze, uczeni, niekiedy też przedsiębiorcy, trudno wśród nich za to poszukiwać żołnierzy czy bojowników walczących i umierających w imię ideałów z bronią w ręku. Na tę swoistą ułomność czy niedostatek czeskiego paradygmatu tożsamościowego uwagę zwracali pisarze, na przykład Viktor Dyk czy Julius Zeyer, kompleksową wypowiedź na ten temat stanowi też sławna powieść Josefa Škvoreckiego Zbabělci.
Odbiorca ma znaczenie, czyli jak snuć opowieść o historii powojennej Czechosłowacji
Authors: Czaplińska Joanna
Published: November 2018

Artykuł dotyczy roli odbiorcy w kreowaniu świata przedstawionego przez pisarzy w dwóch odmiennych sytuacjach: pisarza krajowego oraz emigracyjnego. Jako przykład posłużyły trzy powieści: krajowa Báječná léta pod psa (1992) Michala Viewegha  oraz emigracyjne Ledová tříšť (Treibeis, 1992) i Zjasněná noc (Verklärte Nacht, 1997) Libušy Moníkovej. Podczas analizy zastosowano metodologię Pascale Cassanovy, dzielącą literatury na dwie grupy: literatury „słabe” i „mocne” lub, stosowane zamiennie, „młe” i  „duże”. Okoliczności, w których tworzy autor, determinują środki wyrazu, jakich używa: pisarz krajowy jest w bardziej osobistym kontakcie z czytelnikiem, używa skrótów myślowych, ironii czy metafor, natomiast pisarz emigracyjny jest zmuszony do wyjaśniania szczegółów dotyczącyh ich ojczyzny, co skutkuje stosowaniem w tekście niemal eseistycznych pasaży.  Rozważania te doprowadziły do konkluzji, że dla Moníkovej pisanie jest aktem patriotyzmu, poprzez który pragnie zapoznać swych niemieckojęzycznych czytelników z historią swojej ojczyzny, dla Viewegha zaś pisanie jest aktem ekspresji.
Rola dziegciu i kory w zdobnictwie naczyń neolitycznych. Lingwistyczny przyczynek do prahistorii estetyki
Authors: Kowalski P. Andrzej
Published: November 2018

The article presents hypothetical interpretation of expressions connected with the use of tar and bark in the decoration of Central European Neolithic vessels. The data of Indoeuropean linguistics make it possible to discern sources of important aesthetic categories in reference to the methods of bark working and use. Some traditional expressions of beauty and grace derive from the names of techniques of vegetable dye use and from birch tar glossiness. The linguistic evidence presented above gives an empirical support to archaeological observations. It constitutes the basis of “genealogical” analysis in which prehistory of production is treated as a culture-practical context of formation of later aesthetic categories.
„Miejsce cieniem kryte” w domu nr 4 z Kościelisk, pow. Olesno, woj. Opolskie (próba rekonstrukcji) - problem budownictwa podcieniowego w kulturze przeworskiej
Authors: Michałowski Andrzej
Published: November 2018

The article brings about another attempt to reconstruct the shape of house No. 4 from Kościeliska, Olesno district (Hedwigstein, Kr. Rosenberg) within the context of arcaded houses noticed at the Przeworsk culture settlements. The undertaken analysis makes possible a reinterpretation of the already published materials and proposes a new research strategy that addresses this issue more efficiently. This makes it possible to prove the existence of comer arcades in the architecture of the Przeworsk culture.
Ceramika grafitowa z Ostrowa Tumskiego w Poznaniu
Authors: Ruminiecka Julia , Sikorski Andrzej , Wenzel Julia
Published: November 2018

The article’s objective is to present the first graphite goods found at the princely part of the Poznań stronghold. Pottery fragments, a disc with a hole made of graphite sherd, and spindle whorl have been discovered at the foundations of the Mieszko I palatium, next to the remains of a goldsmith’s workshop. Relatively straightforward stratigraphy, despite later destruction caused by numerous construction phases of the Sacred Mary Church, along with accompanied artifacts from the layers, make possible to date these finds to the period stretching from the 10 -1 1th to the 12th 13th centuries and regard them as ‘imports’ from the south. Besides the 12th century settlement at Szeląg, this is the second site in Poznań where this characteristic type of pottery has been found.
Grobowce megalityczne na przedpolu Sudetów
Authors: Wojciechowski Włodzimierz
Published: November 2018

A cemetery of megalithic long barrows of the so-called Kujavia type was discovered in autumn of 1995 near Muszkowice in the foothills of the Sudety Mountains. It consists of 6 trapezoidal structures made of stone and sand. It has been the first megalithic cemetery discovered in south-west Poland to date. Only one of the barrows (No. 2) has been partly excavated so far. Its dimension, use of stones as a building material and unchambered construction resemble similar structures known from Pomerania (the Łupawa type). The barrow has been dated back to the Funnel Beaker Culture.
Wczesnoceramiczny kompleks jelszański w międzyrzeczu Wołgi i Uralu. Aspekt chronologiczny
Authors: Reszel Maciej
Published: November 2018

As a result of the last decade comprehensive studies on the chronology of the Yelshanian Culture, some spectacular results of radiocarbon dates were achieved. According to these data, the beginnings of ceramic cultures („Neolithic”1) of the Mid-Volga Region have been dated back to the second half of the 8th millennium BC.
Traktat Lizboński a wspólnotowe wartości europejskie
Authors: Banaszak Maciej
Published: November 2018

An issue raised more and more frequently in political, as well as scientific discourse in the context of the European Union, is “democratic deficit”. At the time, EU is perceived as an institution guaranteeing the preservation of democratic values in Europe and promoting them both on the continent and beyond. This article discusses both points of view, with emphasis placed on the democratic deficit aspect, measures undertaken to eliminate the negative consequences of the process, as well as the history of the concept: starting from the single European Act, through general elections to the European Parliament, and formal solutions leading to the gradual increase of EU powers. It is assumed in the article that the problem of democratic deficit has persisted in the European Union, especially since several changes were introduced to the political system of EU after The Treaty of Lisbon. As result, the key question that must be answered is whether under the provisions of the Treaty the EU will strengthen its democratic legitimacy. This article attempts to provide an answer, analyzing the role of national parliaments in the new institutional and normative reality and in the context of the democratic legitimacy deficit.
Kryzys demokracji przedstawicielskiej zwiastunem końca Unii Europejskiej?
Authors: Scheffs Łukasz
Published: November 2018

This article explores the role that legitimacy plays in EU. It begins by defining what democratic legitimacy means in the context of policy. The article argues for a broader understanding of legitimacy, based upon of the relationship between political information and political participation. The article then goes on to explore the extent to which democratic legitimacy exists at the European level and at the national level. The article concurs with existing assessments of European sources of legitimacy, namely that is a very little legitimization. This article asks what the role played by democratic legitimacy and what this legitimization can tell us about the nature of EU politics
Kosowo - koniec Europy?
Authors: Zobeniak Marta
Published: November 2018

Russian Foreign Minister, Sergei Lavrov, once said that Kosovo’s independence could be the beginning of the end for Europe, and that official recognition of its sovereignty would threaten global security. It was feared that Kosovo’s unilateral declaration of independence, and its recognition by European countries in particular, would open up a Pandora’s Box. In fact, as it is claimed in this article, Kosovo may be treated a precedent by other separatist republics and autonomous regions, which might one day demand similar recognition and the same rights that the Kosovars can now possibly enjoy
RzeczPiSpolita POlska. Geografia wyborcza Platformy Obywatelskiej oraz Prawa i Sprawiedliwości w latach 2005-2010
Authors: Skobrtal Marcin
Published: November 2018

The competition between Civic Platform (PO) and Law and Justice (PiS) in recent 5 years has led to the reflection about the territorial aspect of these divisions. Particulary interesting is the distribution of votes. A few tendentions like presence of historical divisions can be observed. The aim of this paper is to analyse these divisions and the main factors of their occurance.
Język wypowiedzi publicznych Donalda Tuska w latach 2005-2007
Authors: Grzesiński Damian
Published: November 2018

There is a special model of liberal language in political science which has certain features: a tendency to use special lingual terms, tolerance, political correctness, faith in its beliefs, sense of responsibility for the country and an exposure of liberal values such as freedom and latitude, etc. The other thing is that Donald Tusk has also certain lingual features which partly fit to the liberal language model and remain a constant feature of Tusk’s language. The main features of his language are: exposure of freedom as a value constantly in danger, extraordinary underlining the role of intellect, search for confirmation of what he says to the audience, sense of responsibility for the country, comparing politics to the world of football.
„Gazeta Wyborcza” i „Rzeczpospolita” wobec wyroku Trybunału Konstytucyjnego z dnia 11 maja 2007 r. w sprawie ustawy lustracyjnej (analiza porównawcza)
Authors: Jęczmionka Paulina
Published: November 2018

The article deals with a problem of vetting in the press discourse taken “Gazeta Wyborcza” and “Rzeczpospolita” as an example. There is an attempt to present oppositional attitudes of both titles against each other. All the articles about a vetting problem a week before and after May 11, 2007 were analyzed. Some questions had also been asked. Was the sentence similarly commented by both newspapers and Why was it commented in a particular way? After the analysis, the hypothesis was confirmed. That is, the comments on the sentence were opposite and unbalanced. It was because of different newspapers’ programme lines. It was ascertained that “Gazeta Wyborcza” was against the vetting whereas “Rzeczpospolita” supported it.
Spory w relacjach transatlantyckich
Authors: Ziemborska Liliana
Published: November 2018

The Transatlantic Security Community, the mainstay of which is the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, has passed through a crisis repeatedly. At the beginning of the XXIst century the actions of the American Administration and a sceptical attitude of the Europeans towards the American war against terrorism caused an open conflict between the allies from across the ocean. However, the tensions between military and political concepts of NATO have been increasing from the 1960’s. In the article entitled Disputes in transatlantic relations the most significant crises are raised, including the time of cold war, the 1990’s and the beginning of the XXIst century, when it came to a breach of Alliance which expressed the variable international conditions.
Programowa niechęć do państwa jako kwintesencja zjawiska identyfikacji narodowej wśród Kurdów tureckich – analiza głównych przejawów nacjonalizmu kurdyjskiego w Turcji
Authors: Szkudlarek Magdalena
Published: November 2018

The aim of this article is to present a comprehensive analysis of the phenomenon of Kurdish nationalism and identity in Turkey. An emphasis will be placed on aspects such as the lack of acceptance of Kurdish nationalists for state-oriented attitudes among some Kurds, the lack of acceptance for the Turkish government’s pro-Kurdish decisions and abusing of tragic Turks and Kurds’ past by both sides of the conflict in order to win the propaganda war. The groundless conviction that “Kurdish nationalism” and “ PKK terrorism” is the same thing leads to misunderstanding that terror is the only indication of show ing Kurdish identity. The true complexity of this phenomenon will be presented in this article.
Demokracja wewnątrzpartyjna po 25 latach przemian na przykładzie wyborów powszechnych Przewodniczącego Platformy Obywatelskiej RP w 2013 roku
Authors: Pawłowski Marek
Published: November 2018

This article attempts to characterize the general election for the Chairman of the Polish political party Platforma Obywatelska RP in 2013. In article described new law and compared technological solutions in the online vote. The results of the analysis indicate that these elections are by far the most advanced model of e-voting in Poland, which could become the basis, after pulling critical applications, the introduction of such solutions in the presidential elections, parliamentary or local government. At the same time it seems that the direct election of the head of the party, not only at the national level, a positive impact on its operation, allowing you to avoid many risks, especially political corruption.
TRZY POLA KONFLIKTU PRZEZ TRZY DZIESIĘCIOLECIA. TRUDNOŚCI W RELACJACH MIĘDZY KOŚCIOŁEM KATOLICKIM A III RP
Authors: Przybysz Kinga
Published: November 2018

Author describes relationships between catholic church and state through the lens of the three conflicts that have developed since III RP inception. The first conflict concerns financial issues, the second affects education, the third applies to bioethics. Given the lack of visible political will, it is hard to expect that relations between church and state will be deeply corrected. As a result, we should be prepared for new conflict to appear.
Is Education for Using Humour in Nursing Needed? (Slovenian Case Study on Sociological and Ergonomic Aspects of the Impact of Humour on Nursing Professionals)
Authors: Goriup Jana , Stričević Jadranka , Sruk Vida
Published: November 2018

Introduction: Although there has been considerable discussion regarding the presence of therapeutic aspects of humour in the nurse educational programme and syllabus, little is known about the use of humour in the nurse - patient relationship and the needed topics in the Slovene educational system for nurses. From educational and medical perspectives, humour is anything that evokes laughter and it has been proven that laughter contributes to physical health. A sense of humour in nursing has a conformist, quantitative and productive importance which is manifested through the essential elements of humour: meta-communication sensitivity, personal affection for humour and emotional admissibility. As nurses spend a lot of time with patients, humour adds to the quality of their work as well as to the nurses’ satisfaction with their work with patients. The aim of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of the significance of humour in nursing both for the employees and for the patients and to discuss humour within the framework of nursing profession in Slovenia. The specific objective of our study is to explore the attitudes of Slovenian nurses towards humour and their actual use of humour during their interaction with patients. Methods: For the purpose of this study, a quantitative research methodology was adopted. A questionnaire was used to collect data on the topic and a set of statistical analyses (frequency distribution method, the χ2 and Spearman rank correlation test) was performed on the data obtained. Results: Our study shows that Slovenian nurses are prone to the use of humour in their work and they welcome it as an integral part of their work with patients. We found that humour also enhances their sense of belonging to the nursing profession and serves as a tool for socialization. Discussion: Humour, employed in nursing can help overcome certain difficulties which nurses face in the workplace as they also try to fulfil some social objectives and get socialized via humour. These psychological-sociological features of humour stand out as cognitive and social benefits of the positive emotions of joy, the use of humour for social communication and their influence on the release of stress and coping, which draws from the ergonomics of humour as social interaction. Therefore, topics of humour in nurse education are required. Limitations: 279 Slovenian nurses with different levels of education participated in the study. Conclusions: Humour should be used by nurses since it is important in their professional interaction with patients. It can be used as a bridge between individuals and can serve as a means of individual's integration into groups, cultures and, consequently, into the society as a whole.
Towards 2019 and the Future
Authors: Brett Christopher
Published: November 2018

When I am asked, in a conversation, what I do, I tell them I am a chemist and, if they studied sciences in their final years at school, I may tell them about my activities in IUPAC. The reaction to the first ranges from highly favourable to sceptical, and to the second saying that what they have heard most about IUPAC is the Periodic Table of the Chemical Elements and nomenclature. This is symptomatic of the challenges that we all, as scientists working in the field of chemistry, face in order to demonstrate and disseminate the importance of chemical and related sciences. It is what made most of us start connecting with IUPAC, often through the contact from a colleague or through an IUPAC-endorsed workshop or conference.
Chemistry of Small Spaces
Authors: Kitagawa Susumu
Published: November 2018

The fundamental science of materials and life, which has greatly contributed to humanity, lies in atoms and molecules. For two centuries, chemistry focused on synthesizing molecules or “skeletons assembled from atoms.” This approach led to the development of various substances (pharmaceuticals, foods, dyes, pesticides, clothes, plastics, etc.). In the late 20th century, this concept evolved into supramolecular chemistry, where molecules were used as constituents and eventually led to the nanoscience field.
Selenium– and tellurium–nitrogen reagents
Authors: Chivers Tristram , Laitinen Risto S.
Published: November 2018

The reactivity of the chalcogen–nitrogen bond toward main-group element or transition-metal halides, as well as electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents, is the source of a variety of applications of Se–N and Te–N compounds in both inorganic or organic chemistry. The thermal lability of Se–N compounds also engenders useful transformations including the formation of radicals via homolytic Se–N bond cleavage. These aspects of Se–N and Te–N chemistry will be illustrated with examples from the reactions of the binary selenium nitride Se4N4, selenium–nitrogen halides [N(SeCln)2]+ (n = 1, 2), the synthons E(NSO)2 (E = Se, Te), chalcogen–nitrogen–silicon reagents, chalcogen(IV) diimides RN=E=NR, the triimidotellurite dianion [Te(NtBu)3]2−, chalcogen(II) amides and diamides E(NR2)2 (E = Se, Te; R = alkyl, SiMe3), and heterocyclic systems.
Performance and Health-Related Characteristics of Physically Active Males Using Marijuana
Authors: Lisano Jonathon K. , Smith Jeremy D. , Mathias Alissa B. , Christensen Matthew , Smoak Peter , Phillips Kristina T. , Quinn Colin J. , Stewart Laura K.
Published: November 2018

Lisano, JK, Smith, JD, Mathias, AB, Christensen, M, Smoak, P, Phillips, KT, Quinn, CJ, and Stewart, LK. Performance and health-related characteristics of physically active men using marijuana. J Strength Cond Res 33(6): 1659–1669, 2019—The influence of chronic marijuana use on the performance and health of physically active individuals has yet to be fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to explore pulmonary function, aerobic and anaerobic fitness, strength, serum testosterone, cortisol, C-reactive protein (CRP), Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH), and 11-hydroxy-Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-OH) concentrations in a physically active population either using or not using marijuana. Healthy, physically active males (N = 24) were compared based on their marijuana-use status: marijuana users (MU; n = 12) and nonusers (NU; n = 12). Statistical analysis (p = 0.05) revealed no difference between groups for age, body mass, body mass index, body fat, forced expiratory volume in 1 second percentage, Vo
2max, anaerobic power output, strength measures, testosterone, or cortisol concentrations. Although not statistically significant, MU showed a trend to fatigue to a greater percentage of absolute power output than NU from the beginning to the end of the Wingate Anaerobic Power Assessment (p = 0.08, effect size = 0.75). C-reactive protein in MU (1.76 ± 2.81 mg·L−1) and NU (0.86 ± 1.49 mg·L−1) was not significantly different (p = 0.60) but placed MU at moderate risk and NU at low risk for cardiovascular disease. Anaerobic fatigue was the only performance variable to show a trend for difference between groups. These results suggest that marijuana use in physically active males may not have significant effects on performance; however, it may be linked to elevated concentrations of CRP which place users at a higher risk for cardiovascular disease.
Verification of an Internal Close-Range Photogrammetry Approach for Volume Determination during Triaxial Testing
Authors: Salazar Sean E. , Miramontes Leah D. , Barnes Adam , Bernhardt-Barry Michelle L. , Coffman Richard A.
Published: November 2018

Accurate strain and volume measurements are critical to phase relationships and strength determination for saturated and unsaturated soils. In recent years, laboratory-based photographic techniques of monitoring soil specimens have become more common. These techniques have been used to reconstruct 3-D models and to determine strain and volumetric changes of triaxial specimens. A new technique that used digital photographs of the soil specimen, captured from within a triaxial testing cell, was utilized. Photographs were processed using photogrammetric software to reconstruct 3-D models of the soil specimens at various times during the triaxial test. By placing camera equipment within the cell, the technique eliminated the need to account for optical distortions that were due to (1) refraction at the confining fluid–cell wall–atmosphere interface, (2) the curvature of the cylindrical cell wall, and (3) the pressure-induced deformation of the cell wall. Previously unreported results from sensitivity studies and accuracy assessments for the internal photogrammetry approach are documented herein. Furthermore, through undrained triaxial compression and extension tests, the viability of determining total and local strains, volume changes, and total volume at any stage of triaxial testing was demonstrated. By comparison with other volume-determination methods that are presented herein, including digital single-lens reflex camera photogrammetry, 3-D scanning, manual measurements, and water displacement techniques, a relative error of 0.13 % was assessed for the internal photogrammetric volume determination technique.
Potential of direct evaporative cooling system under metal plate attachment to wetted pad application
Authors: Muhazihat Mohd Syahray Izham , Rosli Nurrina , Abd. Aziz Radhiyah , Jaafar Abdul Aziz
Published: November 2018

Direct evaporative cooling (DEC) system, even in the simpler configuration, is concerned with the wet pad design for improving system cooling performance. The performance measure is assessed by the evaporation of the pad liquid content and changes of mainstream flow properties. This article examined a potential DEC design in laboratory scale that incorporates a water-based wet pad with metal plate attachment. The proposed system is modelled by a low speed uniform air flowing over a heated wet pad. The influence of metal thermal conductivity and the surface contact on air temperature and humidity was evaluated. The results shows that efficiency increases nearly 50 % despite poor influence of metal property and contact area on mainflow properties. Increasing contact area of metal plate plays a major role to preserve the cooling efficiency. Since, base pad without metal plate shows superior performance than that of with metal plate due to the loss sensible heat, DEC system must be designed with consideration of providing more homogenous air mixture and preventing the loss sensible heat.
The Influence of Causal Thinking with Scaffolding Type 2A and 2B on Optics Problem-Solving Ability
Authors: Nurmadiah N. , Rokhmat J. , Ayub S.
Published: November 2018

The effectiveness of learning is affected by the assistance stages (scaffolding) provided. For example, the scaffolding of type 2a and type 2b supports the causal-thinking approach in learning. The type 2a informs the causal model, number of causes and effect, while 2b informs its argument sample. This research aimed to identify the effect of causal thinking process (CTP) with scaffolding type 2a and 2b on optics problem-solving ability (PSA) of students. The type of the research was quasi-experiment with the non-equivalent-group design. Data were obtained with PSA-test and analyzed with the two-tail test with separated variance formula at significance degree of 5% to determine the effect of each type of the CTP on the PSA, also to determine its difference. The results showed that tcount for each of the first two t-tests were greater than ttable, but tcount for the third one was smaller than its ttable. This research concluded that the implementation of the CTP with the scaffolding of type-2a and 2b were effective to improve the student’s PSA. However, the improvements were not different.Efektivitas pembelajaran dipengaruhi bantuan tahapan (scaffolding) yang diberikan. Dengan pendekatan berpikir kausalitik ini, diperkenalkan scaffolding tipe-2a dan tipe-2b. Kedua scaffolding ini menginformasikan model kausal serta jumlah Cause dan Effect tetapi pada tipe-2b ditambah contoh argumentasinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi pengaruh proses-berpikir-kausalitik (PBK) ber-scaffolding tipe-2a dan tipe-2b terhadap kemampuan-pemecahan-masalah (KPM) optik siswa. Jenis penelitian kuasi-eksperimen dengan desain non-equivalent-group. Data diambil menggunakan alat tes-KPM dan dianalisis dengan uji-t dua pihak menggunakan rumus separated varians pada signifikansi 5% untuk mengetahui pengaruh PBK tipe-2a dan 2b terhadap KPM, serta perbedaan kedua pengaruh tersebut. Hasil menunjukkan nilai thitung untuk dua uji-t pertama lebih besar dari tTable terkait tetapi nilai thitung untuk uji ketiga adalah lebih kecil dari tTable-nya. Simpulan penelitian implementasi PBK ber-scaffolding tipe-2a dan 2b masing-masing berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan KPM siswa tetapi kedua pengaruh tersebut tidak berbeda.
Design of Experimental Problem Solving-Based Learning Program to Improve Mental Model and to Enhance Mental-Modeling Ability
Authors: Supriyatman S. , Suhandi A. , Rusdiana D. , Samsudin A. , Wibowo F. C. , Mansyur J.
Published: November 2018

Research on developing experimental problem solving-based learning program to overcome the low mental model (MM) and mental-modeling abilities (MMA) physics teacher candidate in one of the college teachers in Palu have been conducted. Mental model construction is the “core” of meaningful learning and along with MMA (modeling) become a keyword to understand the key concepts in the science learning. The development of this learning program was using R & D method. Development process from requirement analysis phase until implementation process has already been described using 4D model: define, design, develop and disseminate. The subject matter of this research was the Basic Physics II course on the topic of electricity and magnetism. Based on the data analysis and findings at each stage of development, it is concluded that the learning program stages which have improved MM and also enhanced the MMA of physics teacher candidates consist of learning orientation phase; orientation to the problem; pre-experimental brainstorming; experiment; evaluation; as well as the phase of reinforcement and follow-up.Penelitian tentang pengembangan program berbasis eksperimen problem solving untuk mengatasi rendahnya mental model (MM) dan mental-modeling abilities (MMA) calon guru fisika di salah satu guru perguruan tinggi di Palu telah dilakukan. Konstruksi model mental adalah inti dari pembelajaran yang bermakna dan bersama dengan MMA (pemodelan) menjadi kata kunci untuk memahami konsep-konsep kunci dalam sains. Pengembangan program pembelajaran ini menggunakan metode R & D. Proses pengembangan dari tahap analisis kebutuhan hingga proses implementasi dijelaskan menggunakan model 4D: define, design, develop, disseminate. Materi yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah mata kuliah fisika dasar 2 tentang topik listrik dan magnet. Berdasarkan analisis data dan temuan pada setiap tahap perkembangan, disimpulkan bahwa tahapan program pembelajaran yang telah memperbaiki MM dan juga meningkatkan MMA calon guru fisika terdiri dari fase orientasi pembelajaran; orientasi pada masalah; pra-brainstorming eksperimental; percobaan; evaluasi; serta fase penguatan dan tindak lanjut.
Immunotherapy failure in adrenocortical cancer: where next?
Authors: Cosentini Deborah , Grisanti Salvatore , Dalla Volta Alberto , Laganà Marta , Fiorentini Chiara , Perotti Paola , Sigala Sandra , Berruti Alfredo
Published: November 2018

Immunotherapy is widely used in the treatment of different cancer types, including metastatic melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma and urothelial cancer. The results of the phase I JAVELIN study failed to demonstrate a substantial activity of the PDL-1 inhibitor Avelumab in advanced adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). This editorial focus on the possible mechanisms of ACC immunoevasion and suggests strategies to overcome the intrinsic immunotherapy resistance of this disease.
Anti-Müllerian hormone and ovarian aging in mares
Authors: Uliani Renata C , Conley Alan J , Corbin C Jo , Friso Aimê M , Maciel Luciana F S , Alvarenga Marco A
Published: November 2018

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is used as a marker of follicle population numbers and potential fertility in several species including horses but limited data exist across the lifespan. No one has decreased ovarian reserve experimentally to investigate whether a corresponding,quantitativedecrease in AMH results. Concentrations of AMH across the lifespan were compiled from 1101 equine females sampled from birth to >33 years of age. Young and old mares (averaging 6 and 19 years) were hemi-ovariectomized and circulating AMH was assessed before and daily thereafter for 15 days. The remaining ovary was removed later and blood was drawn again before and after this second surgery for AMH determination. Polynomial regression analysis and analysis of mares grouped by 5-year intervals of age demonstrated AMH concentrations to be higher in mares aged 5–10 and 10–15 years than 0–5 years of age and lower in mares after 20 years of age. There was high variability in AMH concentrations among neonatal fillies, some of which had concentrations typical of males. Hemi-ovariectomy was followed by a decrease of AMH, almost exactly halving concentrations in intact mares. Concentrations of AMH had returned to intact levels in old mares before complete ovariectomy, as if exhibiting ovarian compensatory hypertrophy, but recovery of AMH was not evident in young mares. AMH may reflect ovarian senescence in mares after 20 years of age but is too variable to do so in the first two decades of life. The ovarian endocrine response to hemi-ovariectomy in mares appears to change with age.
Calculation of the Stability and Reconstruction of the Crystal Surface within DFT-Calculations
Authors: Naidych B.P.
Published: November 2018

The thin films’ surface is not perfect, so its properties and properties of the massive part of the film willdiffer significantly. Since a regularity in the formation of surface irregularities is observed, then the possibilitiesof computer modeling can be used to study such structures. To reproduce the surface of crystals with a NaClstructure, one can apply the same approaches in modeling properties as for metal oxides. The fundamentaldifference from the previous studies is in considering the structure in the direction (111), since such assumptionsallows to use a smaller simulation cell for computer calculations, which greatly speed them up. Approbation ofthe technique of repositioning the surface of lead sulfide thin films has been carried out.
Design of Thermoelectric Starting Pre-Heater on Gas Fuel
Authors: Maksymuk M.V.
Published: November 2018

This paper presents the results of computer simulation of thermoelectric starting pre-heater on liquefied gasfuel for easier starting of vehicle engines under low ambient temperatures. The physical model of the heater ispresented, its mathematical description is given, the method and results of calculations of the main energy andstructural characteristics of the device in the software environment "Comsol Multiphysics" are presented.It is shown that the use of the thermoelectric converter as a source of electric energy provides autonomousoperation of the heater components and allows solving the problem of discharging the vehicle battery during theoperation of the pre-start equipment.
iProteinDB: An Integrative Database of Drosophila Post-translational Modifications
Authors: Hu Yanhui , Sopko Richelle , Chung Verena , Foos Marianna , Studer Romain A , Landry Sean D , Liu Daniel , Rabinow Leonard , Gnad Florian , Beltrao Pedro , Perrimon Norbert
Published: November 2018

Post-translational modification (PTM) serves as a regulatory mechanism for protein function, influencing their stability, interactions, activity and localization, and is critical in many signaling pathways. The best characterized PTM is phosphorylation, whereby a phosphate is added to an acceptor residue, most commonly serine, threonine and tyrosine in metazoans. As proteins are often phosphorylated at multiple sites, identifying those sites that are important for function is a challenging problem. Considering that any given phosphorylation site might be non-functional, prioritizing evolutionarily conserved phosphosites provides a general strategy to identify the putative functional sites. To facilitate the identification of conserved phosphosites, we generated a large-scale phosphoproteomics dataset from Drosophila embryos collected from six closely-related species. We built iProteinDB (https://www.flyrnai.org/tools/iproteindb/), a resource integrating these data with other high-throughput PTM datasets, including vertebrates, and manually curated information for Drosophila. At iProteinDB, scientists can view the PTM landscape for any Drosophila protein and identify predicted functional phosphosites based on a comparative analysis of data from closely-related Drosophila species. Further, iProteinDB enables comparison of PTM data from Drosophila to that of orthologous proteins from other model organisms, including human, mouse, rat, Xenopus tropicalis, Danio rerio, and Caenorhabditis elegans.
Shared Decision-making in Pediatric Practice: A Broad View
Authors: Kon Alexander A. , Morrison Wynne
Published: November 2018

In 1982, the Presidential Commission published its seminal report, Making Health Care Decisions, advocating for informed medical decision-making shared between the patient and health care providers that is sensitive to patient values and goals. Over the past 2 decades, multiple professional organizations have officially supported shared decision-making (SDM); however, there remains no unified, well-accepted definition of the term. One reason for the lack of consensus is the wide array of clinical settings and patient populations. SDM in pediatric practice can be complicated because of the inclusion of the child in the decision-making team and the duties and limits of parental decision-making authority. The authors in this supplement provide a broad view of SDM in the pediatric setting. Many of the authors raise important questions and delineate some of the challenges that lie ahead. We hope that the articles foster further conversation and spur research to improve SDM and the care we provide to children and families.
A 4-Step Framework for Shared Decision-making in Pediatrics
Authors: Opel Douglas J.
Published: November 2018

Shared decision-making (SDM) is a well-established component of patient-centered care, and yet, its application in pediatrics is poorly understood. Common features of pediatric decision-making are not completely addressed in current SDM models, such as the fact that the principal SDM participant is the patient’s surrogate, who, unlike competent adult patients deciding for themselves, has limitations on decision-making authority. To address this gap and improve the practice of SDM in pediatrics, a practical 4-step framework is presented. In step 1, physicians are posed the following question for any discrete decision: does the decision include >1 medically reasonable option? If the answer is no, SDM is not indicated. If the answer is yes, physicians proceed to step 2 and answer the following question: does 1 option have a favorable medical benefit-burden ratio compared with other options? If yes, physician-guided SDM is appropriate. If no, parent-guided SDM is appropriate. For each SDM approach, the physician proceeds to step 3 and answers the following question: how preference sensitive are the options? This helps to determine the specific SDM approach in step 4, which ranges from a strong or weak version of physician-guided SDM to a strong or weak version of parent-guided SDM. Several decisional characteristics, if present, can also help calibrate the version of SDM used. Additional analyses are needed to consider the inclusion of adolescents into this SDM framework.
Diagnostic value of biochemical markers of bone metabolism in treatment of generalized periodontitis in patients with age-related osteoporosis
Authors: Fastovets O. O. , Masheiko I. V. , Peleshenko H. B.
Published: November 2018

The topicality of the problem of periodontal diseases is due to their significant prevalence. The purpose of this work is to study the dynamics of markers of bone metabolism in the process of treatment of generalized periodontitis of the II–III levels of severity in patients with age-related osteoporosis and without osteoporotic changes in the skeleton. The examination and treatment of 104 patients, aged 63–78, equal ratio of men and women, was conducted. Among the selected patients, 49 persons had normal bone mineral density, while the remaining 55 had osteoporotic changes in the bone tissue of involutory genesis. All subjects were assessed for the following indicators ; mineral density of jaw bone tissue (BMD) according to the results of the computer tomography, the concentration of C-Propeptide of Type I Procollagen (CICP) in blood plasma, the activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), osteocalcin, parathyroid hormone in blood serum, concentration of β-CrossLaps in urine, total calcium and inorganic phosphorus content in blood with calculation of the Ca/P index. It was established that in patients with periodontitis of the II–III degree there was a decrease in the BMD of the alveolar bone in comparison with the control values (P ˂ 0.05), whereas the presence of systemic osteopenia worsened the indices (P ˂ 0.001). The least osteoregenerative activity, which was characterized by the decrease in BAP, TRAP and CICP levels, was registered in patients with generalized periodontitis of the III degree on the background of age-related osteoporosis (P ˂ 0.05). In the patients with generalized periodontitis of the III degree of severity, at the beginning of treatment, a weak negative correlation was found between BMD and TRAP activity (r = –0.292, P < 0.05) and mean strength correlation – with β-CrossLaps in urine (r = –0.348, P < 0.01). The concentration of CICP positively correlated with the mineral density of bone tissue from the third month after the start of treatment (r = 0.312, P < 0.05). As a conclusion, the mineral density of alveolar bone in the process of treatment varies unevenly depending on the severity of generalized periodontitis and the character of osteoporotic changes in the skeleton. The biochemical markers of bone metabolism allow the balance of processes of bone resorption and formation to be determined in order to correct treatment of generalized periodontitis.