bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green Investments Promotions and Future Trends in Neuromarketing and Sustainable Finance
Authors: Garg Harshi , Kashif Mohammad , Sharma Priyank
Published: October 2024

Green investments provide a major effect on neuromarketing by increasing consumer engagement in sustainable companies by selecting investments for activities that improve permanent ecosystem and fiscal resilience. It analyzes the application of sustainable investment, to carry out studies on sustainable finance and green investment. This chapter offers an extensive context while describing green investment, neuromarketing, and sustainable finance and how it might help investors, and researchers and enable the beginning of a new era. The findings showed a positive correlation between age and promotion of green investment and sustainable finance trends. This chapter tries to find out these complex intricacies to encourage discussion and educate the general people, researchers, scholars, investors, and advertisers since they offer an understanding of several applications and tools, along with their importance in making choices; such awareness may improve commercial efficacy in green investment neuromarketing, and sustainable finance.
Prospect Theory and Environmental Finance
Authors: Jain Anuradha , Bhushan Padam
Published: October 2024

This paper delves into the intersection of behavioural economics through the lens of Prospect theory and environmental finance, focusing on how risk perceptions impact decision-making within the green economy. Prospect Theory, introduced by Kahneman and Tversky, elucidates the non-linear approach that individuals adopt when evaluating risky prospects, especially under loss aversion, framing, and subjective probability conditions. This study synthesizes theoretical underpinnings with empirical evidence, highlighting the implications of Prospect Theory in the environmental finance sector. Examining real-world case studies, we explore how the principles of risk perception shape investor behaviour, policy design, and market outcomes in green investments. Furthermore, the study offers critical insights into the role of cognitive distortions in steering the evolution of environmental finance as the world transitions to a low-carbon economy.
Digital Marketing Strategies for Enhancing the Sustainable Attractiveness of Smart Cities in Morocco
Authors: Routabi Ahmed , Bennani Bouchra
Published: October 2024

This article explores the strategic role of digital marketing in enhancing the sustainable attractiveness of smart cities, with a specific focus on Casablanca, Morocco. By integrating digital technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), data analytics, and artificial intelligence, Casablanca aims to address urban challenges related to sustainability, including transportation, waste management, and energy efficiency. This study employs a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative interviews with urban planners and digital marketing experts, alongside quantitative analysis of smart city performance indicators. Five smart cities across different continents were selected to provide comprehensive insights and contextualize the findings for Casablanca. The results demonstrate that targeted digital marketing strategies, when well-implemented, play a crucial role in improving citizen engagement, environmental awareness, and resource optimization, while reinforcing Casablanca's position as a sustainable smart city in Africa.
Optimizing Local Attractiveness Through Territorial Digital Communication
Authors: Beddaa Mohammed , Bentalha Badr
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the influence of digital communication strategies on place branding and local attractiveness in an increasingly interconnected world. We hypothesize that effective territorial digital communication positively affects stakeholders' perceptions of a place's livability, economic viability, and cultural richness. Using a quantitative approach with an online questionnaire, we measure perceived local attractiveness through a multi-dimensional scale. Factor analysis identifies three key components of territorial digital communication effectiveness: content relevance, platform accessibility, and engagement rate. Multiple regression analysis reveals that these components significantly predict perceived local attractiveness, with content relevance emerging as the strongest predictor.
Impact of Smart Entrepreneurship and Territorial Marketing on Regional Branding
Authors: Adula Metasebia , Kant Shashi
Published: October 2024

This research looks at the intricate relationships that Territorial Marketing, Place Branding, and Smart Entrepreneurship have with one another as well as the ways in which these concepts affect one another when it comes to territorial growth. Using a sample of 512 businesses and place branding experts from Ethiopia's main economic centers, the research is based on a strong theoretical framework and empirical analysis. A mixed-methods approach was used in the methodology, integrating quantitative and qualitative methodologies. A standardized survey instrument was administered as part of the quantitative phase, and the results underwent thorough statistical analysis. As part of this, the sample adequacy was evaluated using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test, and the measurement model's validity was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). We then used structural equation modeling (SEM) to investigate the proposed connections between the components.
Mediating of Smart Entrepreneurship Among Territorial Marketing on Place Branding in Ethiopia
Authors: Kant Shashi , Adula Metasebia , Genale Mando
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the associations among territorial marketing, smart entrepreneurship, and the branding of a place. Drawing on a conceptual framework grounded in the place marketing and entrepreneurship literature, the investigation examines the direct and indirect effects of territorial marketing on the branding of a place, with a particular focus on the mediating role of smart entrepreneurship. Using structural equation modeling and mediating role examination on a sample of 384 respondents, the conclusions confirm that territorial marketing has a direct affirmative influence on together smart entrepreneurship and the branding of a place. Crucially, the outputs also manifested that smart entrepreneurship partially mediates the association among territorial marketing and place branding. The quantification of the direct and indirect effects highlighted the significance of considering the mediating of territorial marketing strategies on place branding outcomes.
Reduced mother-to-child transmission rates of HIV between 2017 and 2020 in Kenya. What changed?
Authors: Mandala Justin , Muyumbu Linda , Austin Gwyneth , Ashiono Everline , Stankevitz Kayla , Bateganya Moses , Chabikuli Otto
Published: October 2024

Background: In 205 health facilities, mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) rates were reduced from 7.4% to 2.1% between 2017 and 2020, respectively.Aim: To determine characteristics that potentially correlate to the change in MTCT rates between two time points.Setting: Study was conducted in Kenya, semi-urban and rural areas.Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional, exploratory analysis of programme implementation at two points in time (2017 and 2020). Between 2017 and 2020, we compared over 170 mother–infant pairs where MTCT occurred to over 6000 mother–infant pairs where MTCT did not occur through the following factors: (1) location of health facilities, (2) mother and infant characteristics, (3) access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), and (4) viral load suppression. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with MTCT.Results: Factors significantly associated with reduced MTCT rates were time points, mother’s age, infant age at first test, proportions of mothers receiving ART, and maternal viral load. When restricting the analysis to the sub-counties contributing data at both time points, the results were similar; however, counties’ location became significant in the updated model, as did the interaction term for mother and infant receipt of antiretrovirals (odds ratio [OR]: 0.228; p = 0.04).Conclusion: What changed between 2017 and 2020 is a higher proportion of pregnant women living with HIV received ART. Also, unlike in 2017, in 2020, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate was the backbone of the ART regimen for the prevention of MTCT.Contribution: The findings can potentially inform efforts on elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
Role of Artificial Intelligence in Diabetes Mellitus Care: A SWOT Analysis
Authors: Kataria Priya , Madhu Srivenkata , Upadhyay Madhu K.
Published: October 2024

Diabetes mellitus has become one of the major public health problems in India. Chronic nature and the rising epidemic of diabetes have adverse consequences on India’s economy and health status. Recently, machine learning (ML) methods are becoming popular in the healthcare sector. Human medicine is a complex field, and it cannot be solely handled by algorithms, especially diabetes, which is a lifelong multisystem disorder. But ML methods have certain attributes which can make a physician’s job easier and can also be helpful in health system management. This article covers multiple dimensions of using artificial intelligence (AI) for diabetes care under the headings Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT), specifically for the Indian healthcare system with a few examples of the latest studies in India. We briefly discuss the scope of using AI for diabetes care in rural India, followed by recommendations. Identifying the potential and challenges with respect to AI use in diabetes care is a fundamental step to improve the management of disease with best possible use of technology.
Correlation of tumor budding with a novel and other established prognostic parameters in patients with invasive breast carcinoma
Authors: Borde Neha D. , Thesiya Yash M. , Mahajan Meera S. , Bhale Chandrashekhar P.
Published: October 2024

Context:

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women. Established prognostic markers in breast carcinomas include tumor size, histologic grade, nodal status, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, hormone receptor status, HER-2 status, and age.

Aim:

To correlate peripheral tumor budding (pTB) with stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) and established prognostic factors in invasive breast carcinoma.

Settings and Design:

It is a retrospective study conducted at multiple centers including a tertiary care center.

Materials and Methods:

100 cases were included over a period of 2.5 years. All cases of invasive breast carcinoma (IBC) in which excision specimens with lymph node dissection were available were studied. Slides were reviewed for pTB and sTILs. Tumor budding of ≤20/10 hpf was considered low tumor budding, and >20 buds/10 hpf was considered high tumor budding. Tumor budding was correlated with age, tumor size, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, tumor stage (pT, pN), stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, tumor grade, ductal carcinoma in situ, hormonal receptors, and HER2neu.

Statistical Analysis:

Fisher exact test and Chi-square test were used.

Results:

We found that high tumor budding was seen in 34 cases and low tumor budding in 66 cases. There was a statistically significant association between high tumor budding and tumor size (P = 0.007), lymphovascular invasion (P < 0.001), perineural invasion (P = 0.004), tumor staging/pT (P = 0.006), nodal staging/pN (P = 0.001), and low sTILs (P < 0.001). However, the association of high tumor budding with parameters like age (P = 0.979), histological type (P = 0.243), tumor grade (P = 0.052), DCIS (P = 0.478), and ER (P = 0.633), and PR (P = 0.544), HER2Neu status (P = 0.171) was not significant.

Conclusion:

This study suggests tumor budding score can be used as a prognostic indicator for breast cancer.
Exploring the anti-inflammatory effects of Nigella sativa on cyclooxygenase-2 through the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway in an Aspergillus niger-induced otitis externa mouse model
Authors: Haitamy Mohammad Nurrizki , Kariosentono Harijono , Prayitno Adi , Setiamika Made , Soetrisno  , Nurwati Ida , Riswiyanto Risya Cilmiaty Arief , Brahmadi Ageng
Published: October 2024

Inflammatory condition of the external ear canal is called otitis externa (OE). This condition is often associated with microbial infections such as Aspergillus niger. This research aims to assess the anti-inflammatory activities of the Nigella sativa (NS) extract in an A. niger-induced OE mouse model. Mice with A. niger-induced OE were treated with NS, and the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), p50, and p65 protein expression were evaluated using Western blot analysis and gene expression assays, respectively. Histological examination was performed to assess the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the external ear canal tissues. Administration of NS extract significantly reduced the expression levels of COX-2, as well as the subunits p50 and p65 genes, in a dose-dependent manner. Histological analysis revealed a notable reduction of inflammatory cell infiltration in NS extract-treated mice, with higher doses yielding greater reductions. NS extract effectively suppresses the expression of key pro-inflammatory cytokines and genes, indicating its therapeutic potential in managing inflammatory conditions of the external ear canal.
Human serum albumin regulates the ornithine carbamoyltransferase production of Streptococcus pyogenes CS24 in vitro
Authors: Kusuma Sri Agung Fitri , Retnoningrum Debbie Soefie , Iwo Maria Immaculata , Ellyasheva Reny
Published: October 2024

The M12 protein is the main virulence factor of Streptococcus pyogenes as a mediator in the bacteria’s adhesion to numerous human proteins, including human serum albumin (HSA) and immunoglobulin. Based on our previous study, the interaction of the M12 protein with HSA is speculated to influence the synthesis of the ornithine carbamoyltransferase 12 (OCTase12), which may attach human fibronectin, preventing the bacteria from being recognized as a foreign material, thus defending itself against the human immune system. The purpose of this study was to use an immunological method to examine the impact of HSA on OCTase12 synthesis. The methods of this study were conducted with the overproduction of OCTase 12 in Escherichia coli BL21
(DE3) plysS containing pEToctase12 gene fused with polyhistidine tag to purify the protein using affinity chromatography with nickel as the ligand. The purified protein was then characterized using dot blot and the influence of HSA was investigated using Western blot analyses. This investigation was conducted by cultivating the E. coli in conditions with and without HSA. The Western blot analysis using the antibody against total cell proteins of S. pyogenes CS24 indicated that OCTase12 production was increased by the presence of HSA. Therefore, this early finding showing that HSA may influence the expression of the octase 12 gene.
Exploring the impact of oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells in streptozotocin-induced rats: A comprehensive investigation
Authors: Maharani  , Kartasasmita Arief Sjamsulaksan , Rahmi Fifin Luthfia , Wildan Arief , Istiadi Hermawan , Nugroho Annisa Dentin , Rachmawati Banundari
Published: October 2024

Chronic hyperglycemia activates pathological molecular pathways, causing high inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress, and growth factors. This process contributes to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) apoptosis through the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and nitric oxide (NO). This study analyzes the differential effect of NMDA receptor, NO expression, and RGC apoptosis in a hyperglycemic Wistar rat model. This research was designed as an experimental study, using a posttest only control group method. Fourteen male Wistar rats were split into two groups of seven: One received a single intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg Streptozotocin (STZ) for hyperglycemia and the other served as the control. After 14 weeks of STZ injection, evaluations encompassed NMDA receptor, NO expression, and RGC apoptosis. Statistical analysis was performed using a parametric independent t-test and statistical significance was established at P < 0.05. The hyperglycemic group showed much higher NMDA receptor levels (11.77 ± 3.36) than the control group (4.21 ± 2.16), with a P < 0.001. The mean NO expression was 19.76 ± 8.41 in the hyperglycemic group, notably above the control group’s level of 4.01 ± 1.70 (P < 0.001). The mean RGC apoptosis was 12.57 ± 3.26 in the hyperglycemic group and 9.00 ± 3.37 in the control group, without a significant difference, as indicated by a P = 0.068. These findings underscore the pronounced impact of hyperglycemia on NMDA receptors, NO expression, and RGC apoptosis, emphasizing potential targets for therapeutic interventions in diabetic retinopathy.
Antimalarial activity of caged xanthone isolated compounds from Cratoxylum sumatranum stem bark: In vitro and in silico approaches
Authors: Wicaksana Firman , Wardana Fendi Yoga , Ilmi Hilkatul , Tumewu Lidya , Widiandani Tri , Suciati  , Hafid Achmad Fuad , Widyawaruyanti Aty
Published: October 2024

Preliminary research showed that Cratoxylum sumatranum extract and fractions exhibited antimalarial activity. Two caged xanthone compounds identified as cochinchinone D and cochinchinoxanthone were disengaged from an active portion of the stem bark of C. sumatranum. The purpose of this study is to determine the antimalarial activity of both compounds against Plasmodium falciparum and their in silico prediction on several food vacuole enzymes. Lactate dehydrogenase assay was used to regulate the antimalarial activity, and in silico molecular docking was carried out with a number of receptors, including plasmepsin-II, M1-alanyl aminopeptidase, and falcipain-3. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADME-T) prediction was also conducted for both compounds. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) value for antimalarial activity determination was conducted by probit analysis using GraphPad Prism Version 6.0. Cochinchinone D and cochinchinoxanthone were found to have antimalarial activity, with respective IC50 values of 4.79 µM and 4.41 µM, respectively. Cochinchinone D has a higher affinity for binding to plasmepsin-II, according to in vitro findings. Meanwhile, cochinchinoxanthone and chloroquine as standard have a better affinity to alanyl aminopeptidase. Both compounds have similar ADME-T profiles. Cochinchinone D and cochinchinoxanthone have a high antimalarial activity possibly through the mechanism of inhibition on plasmepsin-II, falcipain-3, and M1-alanyl aminopeptidase enzymes in food vacuole. Both caged compounds have the potential for further development as antimalarial.
Synthesis and anti-Alzheimer activity of new N-(5, 6-dimethyl-1H-benzo[d] imidazol-2-yl)-1-phenylmethanimine derivatives
Authors: Hasan Hiba Ali , Razik Basma M. Abd , Ezzat Mohammed Oday
Published: October 2024

The cholinesterase group, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), is responsible for inhibiting the actions of choline esters. Benzimidazole derivatives, renowned for their aromatic organic heterocyclic structure, exhibit diverse biological activities, including enzyme inhibitory effects. Imine compounds, easily synthesized, demonstrate notable biological efficacy against various pathogens and enzymes. Synthesize, purify, and characterize novel benzimidazole scaffolds, and evaluate their anti-Alzheimer’s activity by measuring AChE and BChE activities. A new series of benzimidazole phenylmethanimine derivatives (3a–3d) was synthesized through refluxing amine with various benzaldehydes. Products underwent purification by solvent washing and characterization using spectroscopic methods. In vitro anti-Alzheimer’s activity was assessed by measuring inhibitory activity (half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50]) against cholinesterase enzymes. the newly synthesized Schiff bases, purified solely by solvent washing, yielded high percentages (81%–91%). These derivatives showed significant inhibitory activity, with low IC50 values observed for compounds 3a and 3d against both enzymes. Molecular docking studies estimated binding energies and identified interacting amino acids in active pockets. Four new derivatives were synthesized with high yields using the classical reflux method. Purification involved solvent washing only, followed by direct spectroscopic analysis. In vitro inhibitory activities against AChE and BChE enzymes were observed, with compounds 3a and 3d showing promising results. Docking studies revealed higher inhibitory activity and lower IC50 values for two derivatives, indicating their potential as potent inhibitors.
Isolation of the active fraction of mace (Myristica fragrans Houtt) essential oil and their evaluation of antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiaging activities
Authors: Khairan Khairan , Ginting Binawati , Fadhillah Nurul , Sufriadi Elly , Bahi Muhammad , Vonna Adinda Gusti , Amalia Amalia , Ernawati Ernawati , Indra Indra , Rusdi Muhammad , Sofyan Hizir , Diah Muhammad , Muhammad Syaifullah
Published: October 2024

This paper aims to isolate and identify the active fraction present in mace essential oil, as well as to evaluate its antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiaging properties. The chemical composition of the oil extracts and fraction were evaluated using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Antioxidant and antibacterial activity were assessed using DPPH, ABTS, and Kirby–Bauer-Disc diffusion method. The antiaging activity of the active fractions was determined using Schizosaccharomyces pombe yeast as organism model. The GC-MS analysis revealed that the F3 fraction mainly contains a myristicin compound (34.37%). Results from the DPPH and ABTS assays demonstrated that the F3 fraction exhibited the highest antioxidant activity with half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 8.49 ppm and 8.10 ppm, respectively. Antimicrobial activity measurement confirmed that the F3 fraction displayed the strongest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus
aureus, with the diameter inhibition of 11.34 ± 0.32 ppm. Regarding antiaging activity, it was observed that the F3 fractions extended the lifespan of S. pombe at the concentrations tested. The F3 active fraction demonstrated the highest levels of antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiaging activities.
Optimization of nanoparticles ionic gelation method with crosslink agent on fraction of Stelechocarpus burahol leaves
Authors: Sunarni Titik , Kuncahyo Ilham , Herowati Rina
Published: October 2024

The ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of Stelechocarpus burahol leaves is known to contain flavonoids and has antihyperuricemic activity. Its low solubility and large particle size (PS) can reduce its activity. The polyphenolic compounds are also susceptible to oxidation, therefore protection is needed by forming encapsulation. The research focus was to synthesize, characterize, and optimize EAF nanoparticles (EAF-NPs) which were made using the ionic gelation method, then a study was carried out on the influencing factors, and their interactions on the response of PS, polydispersity index (PdI), zeta potential (ZP), and entrapment efficiency (EE). The EAF was obtained from leaves extract by liquid–liquid extraction. Composition of chitosan (CS) and sodium-tripolyphosphate (NaTPP) was determined using D-Optimal design. Experimental results of 13 compositions were obtained values range of PS 204.5 ± 0.72–405.4 ± 12.23 nm, PdI 0.494 ± 0.05–0.634 ± 0.02, ZP −37.7 ± 2.78–−56.1 ± 3.41 mV, and EE 84.76% ±0.03%–92.40% ±0.07%. D-optimal design analysis produced the optimized NPs composition at 10 mL of 0.3% EAF and 90 mL of CS: NaTPP (4.73:0.77). Experimental result of optimized NPs was obtained value of PS 310.6±28.34 nm, PdI 0.377 ± 0.01, ZP −37.2 ± 0.06 mV, and EE 88.93% ±0.02%, which as shown a good characteristic.
Effectiveness of Probiotic Yogurt and Homemade Curd on Salivary pH, Buffering Capacity, and Salivary Calcium Level in 12-year-old School Children in Nellore City: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kondepudi Vaishnavi , Kumar R. V. S. Krishna , Srinivasulu Gomasani , Prasanth Punamalli Symon
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Numerous noninvasive strategies are used to prevent dental caries. Remineralization can take place by the use of milk and milk products. Another approach to bacterially mediated diseases has been the use of probiotics. The classic food containing probiotic is yogurt (curd) and consumption of dairy products on daily basis seems to be most natural and effective way to ingest probiotic bacteria.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of probiotic homemade curd and yogurt on salivary pH, calcium level, and buffering capacity.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 52 students aged 12 years, who met the inclusion criteria were randomly selected from two different schools and were divided into two groups. Test and control group consumed 200 mL of probiotic yogurt and curd for a period of 30 days. Baseline and 30 days of unstimulated salivary sample (2 ml) was collected and salivary pH, buffering capacity and salivary calcium level was assessed. The data were statistically analyzed.

Results:

The mean salivary pH and buffering capacity was found to be same in both groups and salivary calcium levels increased with the use of probiotic yogurt at the end of 30 days compared to control group.

Conclusion:

The consumption of probiotic yogurt for a short period of time can prevent dental caries by increasing salivary calcium levels.
The Impact of Mouth Masks on Oral Hygiene Status, Seeking Dental Care, Esthetics, and Temporomandibular Joint Disturbances Among the Adult Population in Nellore District: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Varshini Gayathri Priya , Govula Kiranmayi , Anumula Lavanya , Kumar Yendluri Pavan , Kowmudi M. , Chandrasekhar Soudagiri
Published: October 2024

Background:

Despite preventing infection transmission, because of its prolonged use, the impact of masks on social life, behavior, and oral hygiene status and habits of everyday people are still unknown. The knowledge of the changes in patients’ esthetic complaints, perceptions, and habits with the use of masks is essential for clinicians.

Aim and Objectives:

The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of the continuous use of face masks on oral hygiene habits; dental, smile and oral conditions, and self-perception; current reasons to seek dental care; and the importance attributed to teeth and smile esthetics among the adult population (students/employees) who wear masks 6 h per day for 6 months from August 30, 2021 to February 28, 2022.

Materials and Methods:

An electronic survey (Google Forms) was used to generate a web-based platform for the responses in the form of a questionnaire. A link to the structured questionnaire was posted on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and WhatsApp. The study considered all the individuals willing to participate, and the subjects were informed about the survey’s objectives.

Data Analysis Method:

The recorded data were analyzed using the SPSS software. Proportions were compared using the Chi-square test. P < 0.05 was selected to denote statistical significance with the confidence level, and the significance level was set at 95% and 5%, respectively.

Conclusion:

The study gave the current status of participants and their motivational levels toward seeking dental treatment, suggesting further studies in planning preventive strategies for the participants.
Reliability and Psychometric Validity of Perceptions on Utility of Outreach Dental Camp (PUODC-8) among Northwestern Population of India
Authors: Batra Manu , Gijwani Deeksha , Popli Hansika
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

The community-based dental outreach programs play a very crucial role in declining the discovery–delivery disconnect by introducing awareness through health education and dental adumbrating services to the community members. Hence, the aim of the study was to assess the psychometric properties and validate English and Hindi versions of Perception on Utility of Outreach Dental Camp-8 (PUODC-8) among the general population.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional and quantitative study was conducted on outreach patients with the dual purpose of PUODC-8 validation and analysis of the perception of the utility of dental camps among the general population. The questionnaire and factor analysis development were carried out in two stages: stage one is questionnaire development, followed by psychometric evaluation. The second stage comprises three analyses: (i) exploratory factor analysis (EFA) for construct validity, (ii) item response theory analysis, and (iii) internal consistency (IC) reliability analysis.

Results:

For EFA that was accompanied by a Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin sampling adequacy measure of 0.69 and Bartlett’s sphericity test significance of <0.001 was obtained. The amount of information tapped by the items between −4 and +2 difficulties was determined to be 90%. Discrimination >1 and difficulty between −4 and 4 were accepted. Overall, Cronbach’s alpha was 0.73 and IC reliability was 0.87.

Conclusion:

A questionnaire should be ideal, easy, and simple, in a logical manner, and should be easy to understand. Based on our study findings, the PUODC-8 possessed acceptable psychometric properties with good construct validity and reliability results that would reflect the participants.
Prevalence of Fluorosis in Endemic Area of Sonebhadra, Uttar Pradesh: A Pilot Epidemiological Survey
Authors: Gupta Vinay Kumar , Mishra Gaurav , Pai Khot Atrey J. , Malhotra Seema , Kankane Nishita
Published: October 2024

Background:

A long-term excess of fluoride ingestion from drinking water, food substances, and industrial pollution may result in fluorosis, a public health hazard. This survey aims to investigate the prevalence of dental and skeletal fluorosis, as well as the role of dietary variables.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Sonebhadra district. The Dean’s Fluorosis Index and physical exercises demonstrated by the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund for diagnosing dental and skeletal fluorosis, respectively. The dietary habits of the participants were ascertained using a prevalidated questionnaire.

Results:

The participants’ socioeconomic status varied widely with heterogeneity. The frequent abnormalities found were genu varum (21.5%), genu valgum (6.8%), dental fluorosis (52.3%), and skeletal fluorosis (25.8%). Consequently, eight cases reported of multiple deformities.

Conclusion:

The findings showed the increased prevalence of moderate-to-severe fluorosis in fluoride endemic areas of Sonebhadra district. Dental fluorosis was more common in those aged 18–64 years, particularly in males, but skeletal fluorosis increased with age.
Assessment of Knowledge, Practice, and Attitude about Silver Diamine Fluoride among Postgraduate Students in Pediatric Dentistry in Karnataka
Authors: Madhusudhan Kempaiah Siddaiah , Vojjala Bhargavi R. , Subramaniam Priya
Published: October 2024

Background:

Dental caries occurs as a result of phasic demineralization and remineralization of dental hard tissues. In recent years, minimal invasive dentistry (MID) has replaced conventional treatment procedures. As part of MID, silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is being used to manage dental caries. However, little research has explored how informed dental postgraduates are about SDF.

Aim:

To determine the knowledge, practice, and attitude of dental postgraduate students regarding SDF.

Materials and Methods:

A questionnaire containing a total of 25 questions was drafted and distributed through Google Forms to postgraduates studying in the Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry within the state of Karnataka. The Chi-square (χ2) test was used to statistically analyze the obtained data.

Results:

A total of 165 responses were obtained. Among the participants, 94.5% reported that they were aware of SDF. However, majority of the respondents were not able to correctly answer the questions assessing knowledge. Knowledge was higher among 3rd year followed by 2nd and 1st years (P ≤ 0.001). Only 59.4% of the respondents stated that they use SDF in their patients. However, nearly all respondents stated that this survey encouraged them to improve their understanding of SDF.

Conclusion:

Awareness about SDF among postgraduates treating pediatric patients is quite high. Knowledge with regard to few aspects of SDF use is lacking. The attitude among the participants was positive.
Association between Major Depressive Disorder and Oral Health – A Systematic Review
Authors: Saxsena Anushka , Menon Ipseeta , Kumar Gunjan , Jha Kunal , Singh Arpita
Published: October 2024

A systematic review of literature, in order to investigate an association between Major depressive disorder (MDD) and Oral health was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and registered on PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42023470383). The search and screening according to previously established protocol were conducted by two authors. Electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and DOAJ were searched from January 2000 until October 2022 for studies reporting data on oral health status and MDD. Quality assessment of included studies was evaluated using NIH tool developed by NHLBI for retrospective and prospective studies and Cochrane risk of bias 2 (RoB 2) tool for interventional studies through its domains. The RoB summary graph and RoB summary applicability concern were plotted using RevMan software version 5.3. All the studies tried to understand the association and impact of major depressive impact on oral health and hygiene. The collective result demonstrates a mixed relationship of depression and oral health. Recognizing the oral health status of individuals with depressive symptoms can serve as valuable information for both dental and mental health professionals. This awareness enables the development of customized treatment plans to assist patients in achieving comprehensive wellness. There is an opportunity for further research of similar nature in developing countries such as India, Indonesia, and China, which have substantial population sizes.
Socioeconomic and demographic profile of breast cancer patients: A single-institution experience
Authors: Meedimale Santhosh , Goswami Gaurang , Kaur Harleen , Ranjan Aditya
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among females all over the world, with high prevalence rate in developed and developing countries alike. Since the last decade, breast cancer made a huge jump and became the most common cancer among women in India, in cities, as well as in rural areas, thereby posing a grave public health threat that demands increasing attention.

OBJECTIVES:

To study socioeconomic and demographic profile of patients with breast cancer attending a tertiary cancer care center in North India.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This was a retrospective study made up of 213 patients registered in a cancer care center of Delhi over a period of 1 year. Study subjects were histopathologically confirmed cases of breast cancer. The data were collected by employing pretested, structured questionnaire including information such as age, income, religion, occupation, education, and residence after taking prior consent from patients and concerned authorities from the institution.

RESULTS:

More than half of the patients were in the 41–60-year-old category. One hundred and seventy-nine patients out of the total 213 hailed from Delhi and Uttar Pradesh, implying that the institute mostly caters to the patients hailing from Northern Indian states. Laborers and people from lower socioeconomic class made the greater part of the patient sample size, and cases of distant metastasis were also found mostly in the people from lower socioeconomic class.

CONCLUSION:

Factors such as low levels of literacy, financial constraints, rural residence, and lack of awareness were associated with higher incidence and late presentation of breast cancer.
Cryptococcal pleural effusion in HIV-negative chronic kidney disease patients: Unraveling an atypical presentation
Authors: Panda Chittaranjan , Raghu R. V. , Kumar Suresh , Singh Harpreet , Anand Nidhi , SinghaRoy Aindrila
Published: October 2024

Pleural effusion is a common clinical manifestation in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), often attributed to volume overload, pleural inflammation, or infectious etiologies. Cryptococcus neoformans being an opportunistic infection can be a causative agent in immunocompromised patients like patients of CKD and HIV. Here, we present a case of pleural effusion in a CKD patient secondary to cryptococcal infection which is rare in itself. Other causes of pleural effusion have been ruled out and the diagnosis was confirmed via cryptococcal antigen testing in pleural fluid. This case highlights the importance of considering fungal etiologies in CKD patients presenting with recurrent and nonresolving pleural effusion, necessitating vigilant diagnostic approaches and targeted management strategies.
Effect of diabetes on various outcomes in intensive care settings: A case–control study
Authors: Jaiswal Amit , Khatri Ankita , Bitey Shobhana
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:

There are conflicting data in the literature about the influence of diabetes on clinical outcomes and death in critically ill patients. Thus, we assessed the effect of diabetes on mortality rate and other outcomes in critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This prospective case–control was conducted in the ICU of a tertiary care institute. Adult critically ill diabetics (cases, n = 46) and nondiabetic patients (controls, n = 85) were included in this study. Both the groups were compared regarding mortality rate, length of ICU stay, as well as the need for mechanical ventilation (MV) and inotropic/vasopressor supports.

RESULTS:

The groups did not differ significantly regarding age (P = 0.087), sex (P = 0.568), and vital parameters (P > 0.05). The groups were comparable regarding Glasgow Coma Scale (P = 0.882), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score (P = 0.774), and laboratory parameters (P > 0.05), except significantly greater proportion of diabetic patients had plasma glucose >200 mg/dL (P < 0.0001) and serum HCO3 <18 mEq/L (P = 0.038) relative to nondiabetic patients. The groups did not differ significantly in need of MV (P = 0.413), or vasopressor support (P = 0.590), development of AKI (P = 0.424), and length of ICU stay of 0–3 days (P = 0.300). Around a quarter of diabetic (26.09%) and nondiabetic patients (23.53%) were nonsurvivors (P = 0.745). Assessment of mortality according to the age groups, indication of admission, plasma glucose levels, and APACHE II score suggested no significant difference between the groups (all P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION:

In critically ill patients, the presence of diabetes does not affect outcomes, including the need for MV or vasopressor support, development of AKI, length of ICU stay, and mortality.
Dual hemoglobinopathy presenting as lymphadenopathy: A diagnostic challenge
Authors: Bansal Prakhar , Shailesh Rishabh , Vishwakarma Abhishek , Singh Harpreet , Anand Nidhi , Kumar Suresh
Published: October 2024

Hemoglobinopathies, including sickle cell disease and beta-thalassemia, are genetic disorders that can manifest with diverse clinical presentations. Recognizing variations in hematological profiles is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management, particularly in regions where certain hemoglobinopathies are not so prevalent such as in regions of North India. Such hematological profiles can present simply as nonspecific lymphadenopathy. Here, we present a case of a 16-year-old boy with a complex presentation involving widespread lymphadenopathy, initially misdiagnosed as tuberculosis, ultimately revealing a dual hemoglobinopathy thus implying the need for family screening and consideration of late-onset hemoglobinopathies in cases with atypical presentations.
Impact of Biobutanol Addition into Waste Seed Oils on the
Performance, Combustion, and Emissions of Compression Ignition
Engine
Authors: Prabakaran B. , Yasin Mohd Hafizil Mat
Published: October 2024

Seeds from various fruits are not utilized properly and thrown into the ground.
These can be utilized by extracting oil from them for the use of fuel to
compression ignition engines. Also, the vegetables cut waste and fruits waste
are also not utilized and disposed as garbage. These wastes can be converted
into biobutanol and can be used as fuel for compression ignition engines. This
study is to replace diesel fuel by blending biobutanol with castor oil, amla
seed oil, and jamun seed oil without and with modification of engine operating
parameters. The steps of this study are: preparation of various proportions of
biobutanol and castor oil (from 0 to 5% in increments of 1%), amla seed oil
(0–100% in increments of 5%), and jamun seed oil (0–100% in increments of 5%)
and the essential properties are tested. By the comparison of properties of the
blends with diesel fuel, suitable blends are chosen from the prepared blends
(one blend from each seed oil and biobutanol). The chosen blends are 45ASO55BB,
65JSO35BB, and 20BB80D-10CO with respect to properties comparison of diesel
engine fuel. The chosen blends are tested for performance in compression
ignition engine without modification of parameters under various brake power
conditions. Follow-up tests were performed by modifying engine parameters with
three blends containing higher volume of biobutanol and the seed oil for
performance. The test results depicted that the thermal efficiency, pressure of
the cylinder, and net heat release rate of the engine are found competent with
respect to diesel when fueled with the blends. Out of the chosen three fuels,
the blend 20BB80D-10CO was found to be comparatively better, producing similar
maximum power, 1.4% low NOX, 2.6% BTE, and 4.3% high fuel consumption
while compared to diesel. This study reduces 50% of diesel fuel utilization and
significant utilization of waste fruits, vegetable, and seeds that are
unutilized.
Automotive HVAC Performance Study Using Parametric DoE Approach for Geometric Variation with Mesh-Morphing Method in Ansys Fluent
Authors: Palanisamy Vadivel
Published: October 2024

The parametric variation study will be very useful for understanding the design performance of any product based on the input parameters. This type of case study will be done using Design of experiments and generate several design points. Conventionally DoE solver will be working with geometry variation with CAD interface, meshing with appropriate tool then solver, finally with post processing. If a solver itself has workflow of change the geometry variation with mesh deflection method and automated post processing, then no need of geometry variation and meshing will lead to lot of time reduction in doing parametric study. Here HVAC parametric study used to show the performance of solver and accuracy of results generated. This approach can be used to optimize the design using parametric variation. This paper will show how to move Horizontal and vertical vanes using mesh morphing and what is the reduction in timeline in new product development. Here, Ansys Fluent solver is used to perform parametric study. Initial mesh supplied by Fluent mesh and geometric variation implemented in Fluent solver itself using manual and automated way while solving Design points. Ansys Fluent solver takes minimal time for preparing each design point before solving and reports are also generated automatically. This approach will help designers make quick decisions on the design and finalize the design in less time.
Prediction of Water Film Thickness Due to Condensation over Instrument Cluster Based on Eulerian Wall Film Approach of Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Jamge Nagesh , Shah Viren , Kushari Subrata , Miraje Jitendra , D Suresh
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates the condensation within a two-wheeler instrument cluster in different weather conditions. Instrument cluster have high heating components within its assembly particularly over Printed Circuit Board (PCB) which leads to formation of condensation. Air breathers are important component that can be utilized to reduce the condensation in the cluster. Location and orientation of air breather and air vents plays the vital role in the air flow through the instrument cluster. In this study, number of breathers, their location and orientation are optimized to reduce the condensation or film thickness on the crystal (transparent body) of cluster. Transient Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based Eulerian Wall Film approach is utilized to investigate the physics administering the condensation phenomenon in the instrument cluster. Experimental tests are conducted to investigate condensation phenomenon actually occurring in the model. Similar results are found by employing the numerical modelling and hence the numerical approach is validated. The validated numerical approach is employed to mitigate the present design by optimizing the breather locations and air vents. The optimized model predicts enhanced properties by reducing the condensation phenomena in the cluster. The algorithm employed to reduce the condensation in clusters can be further utilized for other complex designs.
Automatic Normal Mode Identification Methodology for TBIW/Powertrain
Authors: Naphad Aniruddha , Lama Borrajo Ines , Patil Sr Hitendra , Chandratre Sudip , Rana Upendra
Published: October 2024

Mode identification, particularly Modal Map Generation, is pivotal within the NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness) domain for managing the performance of complex systems like TBIW/Powertrain. This study addresses the critical task of accurately identifying Global / Local behavior of a particular system as single entity (Complete TBIW, Power train) or all the systems attached to main structure (Sub Systems i.e Seat , Fuel Tank , Pump etc), which is crucial for effective NVH post-processing.

Introducing a novel tool/methodology developed by the Applus IDIADA team, this paper presents an efficient approach to Global & Local mode identification across subsystems, TBIW, and Powertrain levels. Leveraging ".op2" file content, mainly Strain Energy Density[1] and Displacement [2], the tool integrates Machine Learning Techniques [3] to produce mode predictions along with detailed visual outputs such as graphs , pie chart , modal charts etc. Implemented as a Python-based solution compatible with major Pre and Post processors, it operates seamlessly with cloud technology [4], thereby reducing prediction time significantly.

Beyond predicting mode numbers, the tool also provides actionable insights into subsystem contributions, aiding in enhancing mode shape and continuity studies [5]. Validated with robust data analysis, it ensures reliability in streamlined methodology for Mode Identification for NVH applications[6].