bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IDENTIFIKASI KERUSAKAN DAN BENTUK PENANGANAN BUNKER PADA MASA PERANG DUNIA II DI KAWASAN LANUD TNI AU HALU OLEO, KECAMATAN RANOMEETO, KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN
Authors: Hardianti Andi Hardianti , Aswati Aswati , Hayunira Sasadara
Published: March 2023

Penelitian ini menjelaskan tentang kerusakan bunker dan bentuk penangananya di Kawasan TNI AU Haluoleo Kecamatan Ranomeeto Kabupaten Konawe Selatan Sulawesi Tenggara. Tujuan dalam penelitian adalah menjelaskan mengenai bentuk kerusakan bunker dan bentuk penangananya terhadap kerusakan bunker. penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian analitis deskrptif dengan bentuk penalaran induktif didukung dengan analisis morfologi. Berdasarkan dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dapat diketahui bahwa bentuk kerusakan yang terjadi pada bangunan bunker adalah bentuk kerusakan mekanis. Kerusakan mekanis terbagi menjadi dua bagian yaitu retakan tarik dan retakan tekan. Retakan tekan ditandai dengan adanya retakan horizontal sedangkan retakan tekan ditandai dengan retakan secara vertikal. Upaya penanganan terhadap kerusakan bangunan bunker yaitu dengan melakukan penambahan sloof untuk memperkuat dinding bangunan bunker, penambahan sloof diterapakan pada retakan bangunan bunker sedangkan untuk penangan kerusakan yang disebabkan oleh pelapukan adalah melakukan pembersihan mekanis, pembersihan secara mekanis dilakukan terhadap tumbuhan lumut yang ada pada permukaan dinding bunker serta pada bagian dalam dinding bunker.

Kata Kunci : Bunker, Kerusakan, Penanganan, Ranomeeto.
PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN FISIK TERHADAP PENEMPATAN SITUS-SITUS TRADISI MEGALITIK DI KECAMATAN CIKAKAK, KABUPATEN SUKABUMI
Authors: Akbar Eldi Khairul , Srijaya I Wayan , Bawono Rochtri Agung
Published: March 2023

Tulisan ini membahas mengenai hubungan antara situs megalitik yang berada di Kecamatan Cikakakdengan lingkungan fisik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui karakter lingkungan fisik yang paling banyak dipilih dan mengetahui pengaruh lingkungan fisik terhadap penempatan situs megalitik yang tersebar di Kecamatan Cikakak. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dengan penalaran induktif sedangkan analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu analisis spasial dan analisis kontekstual. Analisis spasial dilakukan dengan menggunakan data koordinat situs dan dihubungkan dengan variabel-variabel lingkungan fisik dalam sebuah peta tematik yang dibuat menggunakan software ArcGis dan analisis kontekstual digunakan untuk mendukung hasil dari analisis spasial.Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa karakter lingkungan fisik yang banyak dipilih untuk dijadikan lokasi penempatan situs tradisi megalitik di Kecamatan Cikakak adalah variabel lingkungan dengan rentang ketinggian 500-1000 mdpl, berada pada sebaran jenis tanah latosol, berada pada jenis formasi batuan breksi tapos, berada pada jarak 0-50 m dari sumber air, dan berada pada rentang kemiringan lereng antara 15-25%. Lingkungan fisik yang berpengaruh terhadap penempatan situs-situs tradisi megalitik di Kecamatan Cikakak adalah ketinggian, jenis tanah, jenis batuan, dan sumber air. Kemiringan lereng merupakan variabel lingkungan fisik yang kurang berpengaruh
IDENTIFIKASI KOMPLEKS MAKAM LAMBUTO DI DESA LALONGGOMBU KECAMATAN LAINEA KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN
Authors: Rovina Rovina , Alim Abdul , Sukri Muhammad Hafiz
Published: March 2023

Di Sulawesi Tenggara banyak terdapat makam-makam tua dengan bentuk yang sangat beragam. Salah satu makam tersebut adalah makam yang terletak di kompleks makam Lambuto. Berada di wilayah administrasi Desa Lalonggombu, Kecamatan Lainea, Kabupaten Konawe Selatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman makam dan nilai budaya yang mempengaruhi makam di kompleks makam Lambuto di Desa Lalonggombu Kecamatan Lainea Kabupaten Konawe Selatan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penalaran induktif yang bersifat deskriptif analisis. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dicapai terdiri dari beberapa tahapan yaitu observasi, wawancara, studi pustaka dan dokumentasi. Dalam menganalisis data, penelitian ini menggunakan analisis morfologi (bentuk), analisis teknologi (bahan dan teknik pembuatan). dari hasil observasi beberapa temuan makam teridentifikasi sebanyak 19 makam. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan klasifikasi jenis makam, terdapat 3 jenis makam, yaitu: 1) Makam tipe AB dengan nisan dan nisan berjumlah 6 makam. 2) Kuburan tipe AC dengan nisan tanpa nisan dengan jumlah total 10 kuburan. 3) Makam tipe AD dengan gundukan tanah tanpa jirat dan batu nisan dengan jumlah makam 3 makam dengan proses pembuatan jirat menggunakan teknik susun tanpa mengikat dengan batu alam/batu kali. Melalui bentuk makam dan sejarahnya dapat disimpulkan bahwa kompleks makam Lambuto merupakan makam pada masa Islam yang masih dipengaruhi oleh tradisi megalitik.
Ragam Flora Fauna Di Kawasan Cagar Budaya Nasional Muarajambi Berdasarkan Data Arkeologi
Authors: Sadzali Asyhadi  Mufsi , Emafri Wenda , Wadhah Altahira , Nabila Huda Rosaria , Alione Sihite Yenci , Zulkifli M. Alif
Published: March 2023

Kawasan Cagar Buaya Nasional Muarajambi tersebar di 2 Kecamatan; dan 8 Desa di Kabupaten Muarajambi, Provinsi Jambi dengan luas kawasan 3,981 Ha. Konsentrasi struktur yang telah diekskavsi dan dipugar berjumlah 12 situs sebagian besar berada di Desa Muarajambi, yang secara administratif berada dalam wilayah kecamatan Marosebo kabupaten Muarajambi. Keberagaman flora dan fauna tergambark pada beragam temuan arkeologi di Kawasan Cagar Budaya Nasional Muarajambi, antara lain berupa makara yang ada di candi Kedaton, Gumpung, dan Koto Mahligai. Tidak hanya terbatas pada makara saja, juga pada keramik dengan unsur flora dan fauna, serta pada bata bergambar temuan di beberapa candi. Keberadaan temuan artefak ini dicoba dianalisa kesesuaiannya dengan keberadaan biodiversitas di KCBN Muarajambi pada masa lampau abad ke-7 sampai 13 M. hal ini menjadi pertanyaan penelitian yang akan dijawab dengan metode penelitian kualitatif pendekatan arkeologi dengan tahap pengumpulan data, identifikasi data, analisis data dan interpretasi data. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa inspirasi dari temuan arkeologi bertemakan biodiversitas di KCBN Muarajambi berdasarkan gambaran flora dan fauna yang hidup pada masa itu, namun beberapa diantaranya hewan mitologi yang tidak nyata serta bersifat mistik untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan keagmaan.
TINGGALAN ARKEOLOGI MASA PERANG DUNIA II DI SITUS LAPANGAN UDARA BORO-BORO A/D KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN
Authors: Nopiyanto Heri , Aswati M Aswati M , Hayunira Sasadara
Published: March 2023

ABSTRAK
Lapangan Udara Boro-Boro A/D merupakan situs bekas lapangan udara militer yang dibangun Jepang pada masa Perang Dunia II atau Perang Pasifik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis peninggalan dan fungsi dari kawasan berdasarkan sarana militer Jepang yang terdapat di situs Lapangan Udara Boro-Boro A/D. Lapangan Udara Boro-Boro A/D merupakan situs bekas lapangan udara militer yang dibangun Jepang pada masa Perang Dunia II atau Perang Pasifik. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori arkeologi keruangan. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitis dengan menggunakan bentuk penalaran induktif. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dicapai melalui studi pustaka, observasi atau survei lapangan, dokumentasi dan wawancara. Analisis data diterapkan dengan metode klasifikasi kemudian dilanjutkan dengan analisis kontekstual. Hasil penelitian menujukan bahwa tinggalan sarana militer Jepang di situs Lapangan Udara Boro-Boro A/D terdiri atas bangunan terowongan bawah tanah berjumlah 6 temuan, struktur bak air berjumlah 3 temuan, struktur bendungan berjumlah 1 temuan, revetmen pesawat berjumlah 3 temuan dan fitur bangunan berjumlah 1 temuan. Lapangan Udara Boro-Boro A/D  merupakan salah satu kawasan atau medan penting dan sebuah lapangan udara pengecoh untuk melindungi Lapangan Udara Kendari II yang sengaja dibangun oleh Jepang untuk mengecoh penglihatan musuh atau dari pantauan pesawat sekutu.
Kata Kunci: Lapangan Udara Boro-Boro A/D, Tinggalan Arkeologi, Konawe Selatan.
 
ABSTRACT
The Boro-Boro A/D airfield is the site of a former military air field built by Japan during World War II or the Pacific War. The research is aims to identify the types of relics and functions of the region based on Japanese military devices found at the Boro-Boro A/D air field site. This research uses the theory of mathematical space. This research is an analytic description by using an inductive form of reasoning.The data gathering in this research was accomplished through study libraries, observation or field surveys, documentation and interviews. Data analysis is implemented in classification methods and then followed with contextual analysis. The research shows that the height of Japanese military devices at the Boro-boro A/D air field site consists of 6 discoveries, waterhole structures totaling 3 discoveries, dam structures totaling 1 discoveries, and construction features 3 discoveries and 1 construction features. The Boro-boro A/D air field is one of the areas or crucial areas and an airfield diversion to protect the Kendari II air field deliberately built by the Japanese to distract an enemy's visual or an allied airliner.
Keywords: Boro-Boro A/D Air field, Height of Archeological, South Konawe
The progress of molecules and strategies for the treatment of HBV infection
Authors: Pan Youlu , Xia Heye , He Yanwen , Zeng Shenxin , Shen Zhengrong , Huang Wenhai
Published: March 2023

Hepatitis B virus infections have always been associated with high levels of mortality. In 2019, hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related diseases resulted in approximately 555,000 deaths globally. In view of its high lethality, the treatment of HBV infections has always presented a huge challenge. The World Health Organization (WHO) came up with ambitious targets for the elimination of hepatitis B as a major public health threat by 2030. To accomplish this goal, one of the WHO’s strategies is to develop curative treatments for HBV infections. Current treatments in a clinical setting included 1 year of pegylated interferon alpha (PEG-IFNα) and long-term nucleoside analogues (NAs). Although both treatments have demonstrated outstanding antiviral effects, it has been difficult to develop a cure for HBV. The reason for this is that covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), integrated HBV DNA, the high viral burden, and the impaired host immune responses all hinder the development of a cure for HBV. To overcome these problems, there are clinical trials on a number of antiviral molecules being carried out, all -showing promising results so far. In this review, we summarize the functions and mechanisms of action of various synthetic molecules, natural products, traditional Chinese herbal medicines, as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and their associated proteins (CRISPR/Cas)-based systems, zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), all of which could destroy the stability of the HBV life cycle. In addition, we discuss the functions of immune modulators, which can enhance or activate the host immune system, as well some representative natural products with anti-HBV effects.
Continent-wide recent emergence of a global pathogen in African amphibians
Authors: Ghose Sonia L. , Yap Tiffany A. , Byrne Allison Q. , Sulaeman Hasan , Rosenblum Erica Bree , Chan-Alvarado Alan , Chaukulkar Shruti , Greenbaum Eli , Koo Michelle S. , Kouete Marcel T. , Lutz Kurt , McAloose Denise , Moyer Alessandra J. , Parra Eliseo , Portik Daniel M. , Rockney Heidi , Zink Andrew G. , Blackburn David C. , Vredenburg Vance T.
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Emerging infectious diseases are increasingly recognized as a global threat to wildlife. Pandemics in amphibians, caused by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), have resulted in biodiversity loss at a global scale. Genomic data suggest a complex evolutionary history of Bd lineages that vary in pathogenicity. Africa harbors a significant proportion of global amphibian biodiversity, and multiple Bd lineages are known to occur there; yet, despite the decline of many host species, there are currently no described Bd-epizootics. Here, we describe the historical and recent biogeographical spread of Bd and assess its risk to amphibians across the continent of Africa.

Methods

We provide a 165-year view of host-pathogen interactions by (i) employing a Bd assay to test 4,623 specimens (collected 1908–2013); (ii) compiling 12,297 published Bd records (collected 1852–2017); (iii) comparing the frequency of Bd-infected amphibians through time by both country and region; (iv) genotyping Bd lineages; (v) histologically identifying evidence of chytridiomycosis, and (vi) using a habitat suitability model to assess future Bd risk.

Results

We found a pattern of Bd emergence beginning largely at the turn of the century. From 1852–1999, we found low Bd prevalence (3.2% overall) and limited geographic spread, but after 2000 we documented a sharp increase in prevalence (18.7% overall), wider geographic spread, and multiple Bd lineages that may be responsible for emergence in different regions. We found that Bd risk to amphibians was highest in much of eastern, central, and western Africa.

Discussion

Our study documents a largely overlooked yet significant increase in a fungal pathogen that could pose a threat to amphibians across an entire continent. We emphasize the need to bridge historical and contemporary datasets to better describe and predict host-pathogen dynamics over larger temporal scales.
Giant right atrium in a child with dilated cardiomyopathy: A case report
Authors: Wang Benzhen , Shan Guangsong , Bing Zhen , Zhang Qi , Xing Quansheng , Li Zipu
Published: March 2023

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the leading causes of heart failure in children with diverse clinical characteristics. To date, DCM with a giant atrium as the first manifestation is rare and has not been reported in previous literature. We report a case of a male infant born with a significantly enlarged right atrium. Due to worsened clinical symptoms and the risk of arrhythmias and thrombosis, we performed the surgical reduction of the right atrium. Unfortunately, DCM and a progressive re-enlargement of the right atrium appeared during midterm follow-up. The mother's echocardiogram also suggested DCM, and the patient was eventually considered for a diagnosis of familial DCM. This case may expand the clinical spectrum of DCM and reminds us of the importance of good follow-up of children with idiopathic dilatation of the right atrium.
Severe nephrotic syndrome and early end-stage diabetic kidney disease in ABCC8-MODY12: A case report
Authors: Schmidt Sophie H. , Barnas Ursula , Aigner Christof , Wolf Peter , Kozakowski Nicolas , Kain Renate , Scherer Thomas , Schmidt Alice , Sunder-Plassmann Gere
Published: March 2023

A 24-year-old man with diabetes mellitus presented with advanced kidney disease and severe proteinuria. Genetic testing revealed ABCC8-MODY12 (OMIM 600509), and a kidney biopsy showed nodular glomerulosclerosis. He commenced dialysis shortly thereafter, and glycemic control improved on treatment with a sulfonylurea. Diabetic end-stage kidney disease in patients with ABCC8-MODY12 has not been reported until now. Thus, our case highlights the risk for early-onset and severe diabetic kidney disease in patients with ABCC8-MODY12 and the importance of timely genetic diagnosis in unusual cases of diabetes to allow for proper treatment and prevention of late sequelae of diabetes.
Innate-like T lymphocytes in chronic liver disease
Authors: Papanastasatou Maria , Verykokakis Mihalis
Published: March 2023

In addition to its metabolic activities, it is now clear that the liver hosts a number of diverse immune cell types that control tissue homeostasis. Foremost among these are innate-like T lymphocytes, including natural killer T (NKT) and mucosal-associated innate T (MAIT) cells, which are a population of specialized T cells with innate characteristics that express semi-invariant T cell receptors with non-peptide antigen specificity. As primary liver residents, innate-like T cells have been associated with immune tolerance in the liver, but also with a number of hepatic diseases. Here, we focus on the biology of NKT and MAIT cells and how they operate during the course of chronic inflammatory diseases that eventually lead to hepatocellular carcinoma.
Application of a JEG-3 organoid model to study HLA-G function in the trophoblast
Authors: Zhuang Bai-Mei , Cao Dan-Dan , Liu Xiao-Feng , Wang Li , Lin Xiao-Li , Duan Yong-Gang , Lee Cheuk-Lun , Chiu Philip C. N. , Yeung William S. B. , Yao Yuan-Qing
Published: March 2023

The human placenta is a unique temporary organ with a mysterious immune tolerance. The formation of trophoblast organoids has advanced the study of placental development. HLA-G is uniquely expressed in the extravillous trophoblast (EVT) and has been linked to placental disorders. With older experimental methodologies, the role of HLA-G in trophoblast function beyond immunomodulation is still contested, as is its role during trophoblast differentiation. Organoid models incorporating CRISPR/Cas9 technology were used to examine the role of HLA-G in trophoblast function and differentiation. JEG-3 trophoblast organoids (JEG-3-ORGs) were established that highly expressed trophoblast representative markers and had the capacity to differentiate into EVT. CRISPR/Cas9 based on HLA-G knockout (KO) significantly altered the trophoblast immunomodulatory effect on the cytotoxicity of natural killer cells, as well as the trophoblast regulatory effect on HUVEC angiogenesis, but had no effect on the proliferation and invasion of JEG-3 cells and the formation of TB-ORGs. RNA-sequencing analysis further demonstrated that JEG-3 KO cells followed similar biological pathways as their wild-type counterparts during the formation of TB-ORGs. In addition, neither HLA-G KO nor the exogenous addition of HLA-G protein during EVT differentiation from JEG-3-ORGs altered the temporal expression of the known EVT marker genes. Based on the JEG-3 KO (disruption of exons 2 and 3) cell line and the TB-ORGs model, it was determined that HLA-G has a negligible effect on trophoblast invasion and differentiation. Despite this, JEG-3-ORG remains a valuable model for studying trophoblast differentiation.
SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses associate with sex, age and disease severity in previously uninfected people admitted to hospital with COVID-19: An ISARIC4C prospective study
Authors: Parker Eleanor , Thomas Jordan , Roper Kelly J. , Ijaz Samreen , Edwards Tansy , Marchesin Federica , Katsanovskaja Ksenia , Lett Lauren , Jones Christopher , Hardwick Hayley E. , Davis Chris , Vink Elen , McDonald Sarah E. , Moore Shona C. , Dicks Steve , Jegatheesan Keerthana , Cook Nicola J. , Hope Joshua , Cherepanov Peter , McClure Myra O. , Baillie J. Kenneth , Openshaw Peter J. M. , Turtle Lance , Ho Antonia , Semple Malcolm G. , Paxton William A. , Tedder Richard S. , Pollakis Georgios ,   ISARIC4C Investigators
Published: March 2023

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic enables the analysis of immune responses induced against a novel coronavirus infecting immunologically naïve individuals. This provides an opportunity for analysis of immune responses and associations with age, sex and disease severity. Here we measured an array of solid-phase binding antibody and viral neutralising Ab (nAb) responses in participants (n=337) of the ISARIC4C cohort and characterised their correlation with peak disease severity during acute infection and early convalescence. Overall, the responses in a Double Antigen Binding Assay (DABA) for antibody to the receptor binding domain (anti-RBD) correlated well with IgM as well as IgG responses against viral spike, S1 and nucleocapsid protein (NP) antigens. DABA reactivity also correlated with nAb. As we and others reported previously, there is greater risk of severe disease and death in older men, whilst the sex ratio was found to be equal within each severity grouping in younger people. In older males with severe disease (mean age 68 years), peak antibody levels were found to be delayed by one to two weeks compared with women, and nAb responses were delayed further. Additionally, we demonstrated that solid-phase binding antibody responses reached higher levels in males as measured via DABA and IgM binding against Spike, NP and S1 antigens. In contrast, this was not observed for nAb responses. When measuring SARS-CoV-2 RNA transcripts (as a surrogate for viral shedding) in nasal swabs at recruitment, we saw no significant differences by sex or disease severity status. However, we have shown higher antibody levels associated with low nasal viral RNA indicating a role of antibody responses in controlling viral replication and shedding in the upper airway. In this study, we have shown discernible differences in the humoral immune responses between males and females and these differences associate with age as well as with resultant disease severity.
Using satellite observations of ocean variables to improve estimates of water mass (trans)formation
Authors: Piracha Aqeel , Olmedo Estrella , Turiel Antonio , Portabella Marcos , González-Haro Cristina
Published: March 2023

For the first time, an accurate and complete picture of Mixed Layer (ML) water mass dynamics can be inferred at high spatio-temporal resolution via the material derivative derived from Sea Surface Salinity/Temperature (SSS/T) and Currents (SSC). The product between this satellite derived material derivative and in-situ derived Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) provides a satellite based kinematic approach to the water mass (trans)formation framework (WMT/F) above ML. We compare this approach to the standard thermodynamic approach based on air-sea fluxes provided by satellites, an ocean state estimate and in-situ observations. Southern Hemisphere surface density flux and water mass (trans)formation framework (WMT/F) were analysed in geographic and potential density space for the year 2014. Surface density flux differences between the satellite derived thermodynamic and kinematic approaches and ECCO (an ocean state estimate) underline: 1) air-sea heat fluxes dominate variability in the thermodynamic approach; and 2) fine scale structures from the satellite derived kinematic approach are most likely geophysical and not artefacts from noise in SSS/T or SSC—as suggested by a series of smoothing experiments. Additionally, ECCO revealed surface density flux integrated over ML are positively biased as compared to similar estimates assuming that surface conditions are homogeneous over ML—in part owing to the e-folding nature of shortwave solar radiation. Major differences between the satellite derived kinematic and thermodynamic approaches are associated to: 1) lateral mixing and mesoscale dynamics in the kinematic framework; 2) vertical excursions of, and vertical velocities through the ML base; and 3) interactions between ML horizontal velocities and ML base spatial gradients.
Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the molecular mechanism of heat-tolerance in Neopyropia yezoensis induced by Sargassum horneri extract
Authors: Xing Qikun , Han Sol , Park Ji-Sook , Yarish Charles , Kim Jang K.
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Heat stress is one of the main threats for the seaweed aquaculture, leading to the decay of the blades and causing serious economic losses. A newly developed biostimulant, Sargassum horneri extract (SHE), can enhance the heat-tolerance in Neopyropia yezoensis, which can be applied in the seaweed aquaculture. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this acquired heat-tolerance is still unclear.

Method

In this study, we examined the transcriptional regulation of N. yezoensis under heat stress after the SHE pre-treatment by performing the RNA-Seq on illumina Novaseq platform and differentially expressed gene analysis.

Result and discussion

Our results show that, under heat stress, the SHE pre-treatment can alleviate the suppression of genes involved in normal cell activities, such as ribosome biogenesis, photosynthesis, respiration and cell cycle. On the other hand, SHE pre-treatment can also induce some key genes involved in the heat-tolerance. We also found that the combination of SHE pre-treatment and heat stress can induce some genes related to epigenetic modification, suggesting that SHE may facilitate the formation of heat stress memory in N. yezoensis. Our study provides information for understanding the molecular mechanism of heat-tolerance in N. yezoensis and for promoting the application of seaweed-derived biostimulants in the seaweed aquaculture.
Vocal behavior of false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens) acoustic subgroups
Authors: Gruden Pina , Barkley Yvonne M. , McCullough Jennifer L. K.
Published: March 2023

Understanding the vocal behavior of cetaceans is an important component of many passive acoustic applications. This study quantifies the vocal behavior of acoustic subgroups of false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens) from the Hawaiian Archipelago. The acoustic subgroups (N = 523) exhibit diverse vocal behavior that varies between encounters. Overall, 29% of acoustic subgroups only echolocate, 16% only whistle, and 55% emit both types of vocalizations. These results contribute important information for developing automated passive acoustic cetacean tracking, localization, and classification techniques, and thus, support future cetacean monitoring and assessment efforts.
Nomogram for predicting disseminated intravascular coagulation in heatstroke patients: A 10 years retrospective study
Authors: Zeng Qingbo , Zhong Lincui , Zhang Nianqing , He Longping , Lin Qingwei , Song Jingchun
Published: March 2023

Background

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) can lead to multiple organ failure and death in patients with heatstroke. This study aimed to identify independent risk factors of DIC and construct a predictive model for clinical application.

Methods

This retrospective study included 87 patients with heatstroke who were treated in the intensive care unit of our hospital from May 2012 to October 2022. Patients were divided into those with DIC (n = 23) or without DIC (n = 64). Clinical and hematological factors associated with DIC were identified using a random forest model, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE). Overlapping factors were used to develop a nomogram model, which was diagnostically validated. Survival at 30 days after admission was compared between patients with or without DIC using Kaplan-Meier analysis.

Results

Random forest, LASSO, and SVM-RFE identified a low maximum amplitude, decreased albumin level, high creatinine level, increased total bilirubin, and aspartate transaminase (AST) level as risk factors for DIC. Principal component analysis confirmed that these independent variables differentiated between patients who experienced DIC or not, so they were used to construct a nomogram. The nomogram showed good predictive power, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.976 (95% CI 0.948–1.000) and 0.971 (95% CI, 0.914–0.989) in the internal validation. Decision curve analysis indicated clinical utility for the nomogram. DIC was associated with significantly lower 30 days survival for heatstroke patients.

Conclusion

A nomogram incorporating coagulation-related risk factors can predict DIC in patients with heatstroke and may be useful in clinical decision-making.
A bibliometric analysis of studies on gut microbiota in attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder from 2012 to 2021
Authors: Zhao Mingyi , Meng Yang , Cao Buzi , Tong Jianbin , Liu Xiaoying , Yan Hao , Yang Hanqi , Han Houzhi , Liang Xiaobing , Chen Hui
Published: March 2023

Background

An increasing number of studies have focused on the role of gut microbiota in the treatment of ADHD, but its related molecular mechanisms are not yet clear, and there is still room for development of studies targeting this area. This study analyzes publications from 2012 to 2021 in a comprehensive and multi-faceted visualization, with the aim of grasping the existing research profile and guiding scholars to make more in-depth studies.

Methods

The 1,677 articles and 298 review articles on gut microbiota in ADHD were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, Microsoft Excel 2019, Scimago Graphica, Bibliometrix and Pajek metrics software were used for visualization and analysis of the included literature.

Results

On August 3, 2022, a total of 1975 English-language articles on gut microbiota in ADHD were retrieved from Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) from January 2012 to December 2021, with a steady upward trend in the number of articles published in this field over the decade. The top three countries in terms of the number of articles published are the United States, China, and Spain. Meanwhile, CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTIFICAS CSIC, UNIV OF CALIFORNIA SYSTEM, and UDICE FRENCH RESEARCH UNIV have made significant contributions in this field. In the analysis of the published journals, PLoS One was not only the first in terms of number of articles published but also the most cited. Wang J was the most prolific author and CAPORASO JG ranked first in terms of co-cited authors. In addition, “Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome,” published by David LA et al., has the highest citation frequency in this field. The most frequently occurring keyword was “gut microbiota.”

Conclusion

The results of this paper clarify the current status of research on gut microbiota in ADHD. Based on the research on the mechanism of gut microbiota in other diseases, there is reason to believe that the exploration of gut microbiota in ADHD must be increasingly mature. And the study speculates that future research may focus on “nutrition supplements,” “lipid metabolism,” and “gut brain axis.” It is imperative to promote a closer international cooperation among scholars in this field.
The viral hypothesis in Alzheimer’s disease: SARS-CoV-2 on the cusp
Authors: Liu Nanyang , Jiang Xuefan , Li Hao
Published: March 2023

Increasing evidence highlights that infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has long-term effects on cognitive function, which may cause neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in the future. We performed an analysis of a possible link between SARS-CoV-2 infection and AD risk and proposed several hypotheses for its possible mechanism, including systemic inflammation, neuroinflammation, vascular endothelial injury, direct viral infection, and abnormal amyloid precursor protein metabolism. The purpose of this review is to highlight the impact of infection with SASR-CoV-2 on the future risk of AD, to provide recommendations on medical strategies during the pandemic, and to propose strategies to address the risk of AD induced by SASR-CoV-2. We call for the establishment of a follow-up system for survivors to help researchers better understand the occurrence, natural history, and optimal management of SARS-CoV-2-related AD and prepare for the future.
Brain network mechanism on cognitive control task in the elderly with brain aging: A functional near infrared spectroscopy study
Authors: Liang Junjie , Huang Jiali , Luo Zhiwei , Wu Yuxi , Zheng Lingxiong , Tang Zengquan , Li Wanying , Ou Haining
Published: March 2023

Objective

To study the brain network mechanism of cognitive control in the elderly with brain aging.

Materials and methods

21 normal young people and 20 elderly people were included in this study. Mini-mental State Examination and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) synchronous judgment test (including forward tests and reverse judgment tests) were performed on all subjects. To observe and compare differences in brain region activation and brain functional connectivity between subjects and forward and reverse trials by recording functional connectivity (FC) in different task paradigms and calculating bilateral prefrontal and primary motor cortical (PMC) areas.

Results

In the forward and reverse judgment tests, the reaction time of the elderly group was significantly longer than the young group (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in the correct rate. In the homologous regions of interest (ROI) data, the FC of PMC and prefrontal cortex (PFC) in the elderly group was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). In the heterologous ROI data, except for left primary motor cortex (LPMC)-left prefrontal cortex (LPFC), the other PMC and PFC of the elderly group were significantly lower than the young group (P < 0.05) while processing the forward judgment test. However, the heterologous ROI data of LPMC-right prefrontal cortex (RPFC), LPMC-LPFC and RPFC-LPFC in the elderly group were significantly lower than the young group (P < 0.05) while processing the reverse judgment test.

Conclusion

The results suggest that brain aging affected degeneration of whole brain function, which reduce the speed of information processing and form a brain network functional connection mode different from that of young people.
GluN2B-NMDAR subunit contribution on synaptic plasticity: A phenomenological model for CA3-CA1 synapses
Authors: Dainauskas Justinas J. , Marie Hélène , Migliore Michele , Saudargiene Ausra
Published: March 2023

Synaptic plasticity is believed to be a key mechanism underlying learning and memory. We developed a phenomenological N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-based voltage-dependent synaptic plasticity model for synaptic modifications at hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapses on a hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neuron. The model incorporates the GluN2A-NMDA and GluN2B-NMDA receptor subunit-based functions and accounts for the synaptic strength dependence on the postsynaptic NMDA receptor composition and functioning without explicitly modeling the NMDA receptor-mediated intracellular calcium, a local trigger of synaptic plasticity. We embedded the model into a two-compartmental model of a hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell and validated it against experimental data of spike-timing-dependent synaptic plasticity (STDP), high and low-frequency stimulation. The developed model predicts altered learning rules in synapses formed on the apical dendrites of the detailed compartmental model of CA1 pyramidal neuron in the presence of the GluN2B-NMDA receptor hypofunction and can be used in hippocampal networks to model learning in health and disease.
Prevalence, serotype, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of children infected with Salmonella in Guangzhou, southern China, 2016–2021
Authors: Gao Fei , Huang Zhenting , Xiong Zhile , Zheng Hao , Deng Qiulian , Zhong Huamin , Zhu Sufei , Long Yan , Wang Jielin
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Salmonella infection is a key global public health concern and has lead to an increased economic burden on society. We investigated the epidemiological characteristics and antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinically isolated Salmonella strains in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center.

Patients and methods

This was a retrospective study of 1,338 Salmonella strains collected from children in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center during 2016 to 2021.

Results

The results revealed that 1,338 cases of Salmonella were mainly isolated from feces and blood samples. The age distribution was dominated by infants under 3 years old. The seasonal distribution was high in summer and autumn. 48 serotypes were detected, and S. typhimurium (78.7%) was the predominant serogroup. The results of antimicrobial susceptibility showed that the highest resistance was observed in ampicillin (84.5%), while lower resistance was observed in piperacillin/tazobactam, cefoperazone/sulbactam and ciprofloxacin. The antimicrobial resistance rate of fecal isolates was higher than that of blood isolates. The five-year average detection rate of multi-drug resistant Salmonella was 8.5% (114/1338) and the MDR rate of S. typhimurium was the lowest (6.9%; 73/1053).

Conclusion

We concluded that antibacterial treatment should be carefully selected according to serotype and antimicrobial sensitivity results in children. Antimicrobial resistance monitoring for multi-drug resistant Salmonella is still required.
Coronary changes and cardiac events in children diagnosed with kawasaki disease without initial coronary aneurysm: A multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wongbundit Chanikarn , Vijarnsorn Chodchanok , Pornprasertchai Varisara , Somkittitham Pimonrat , Bositthipichet Densiri , Tongbunnum Tikamporn , Chanthong Prakul
Published: March 2023

Background

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis affecting young children, which may lead to coronary artery aneurysm (CAA). The optimal timing of serial echocardiography in patients with uncomplicated KD is debated.

Objectives

To assess changes in coronary artery Z-scores from the initial diagnosis, two weeks, eight weeks, and one year following diagnosis and adverse cardiac events in children diagnosed with KD without initial CAA.

Methods

Retrospective chart reviews of four referral centers in Thailand were conducted of all children who were diagnosed with KD without initial CAA (coronary artery Z-score < 2.5) between 2017 and 2020. Eligibility criteria included the absence of congenital heart disease and patients with available echocardiographic evaluations at baseline and at eight weeks of illness. The two-week and one-year echocardiographies were reported. Adverse cardiac events at one year from diagnosis were explored. The primary outcome was a maximal coronary Z-score on the follow-up echocardiography at eight weeks and one year.

Results

Of 200 patients diagnosed with KD, 144 patients (72%) did not have CAA. A total of 110 patients were included in the study. The median age was 23 months (IQR, 2–39 months) and 60% were male. Fifty patients (45.5%) had incomplete KD, and four (3.6%) received a second intravenous immunoglobulin treatment. Of 110 patients, 26 patients (23.6%) had coronary ectasia (Z-score of 2–2.49) on their initial echocardiographic examination. Sixty-four patients were evaluated in two-week echocardiographic studies, which showed four new small CAAs and five coronary ectasia. At 8 weeks, 110 patients had undergone complete echocardiographic studies. No patient had residual CAAs. Only one patient had persistent coronary ectasia that regressed to normal within one year. At one-year follow-up (n = 90), no cardiac events were reported.

Conclusion

New CAA in-patients with KD who had no previous CAA in their initial echocardiography are rare. In addition, patients who had normal echocardiographic follow-up at two weeks or eight weeks mostly continued to be normal at one year. The optimal timing of the echocardiographic follow-up should be at two to eight weeks in patients without initial CAA, who still have a coronary artery Z-score < 2 at the second echocardiography.

Trial registration: TCTR20210603001.
Crop rotation with Meloidogyne-resistant germplasm is useful to manage and revert the (a)virulent populations of Mi1.2 gene and reduce yield losses
Authors: Fullana Aïda Magdalena , Expósito Alejandro , Escudero Nuria , Cunquero Marina , Loza-Alvarez Pablo , Giné Ariadna , Sorribas F. Javier
Published: March 2023

A rotation sequence of ungrafted and grafted tomato-melon-pepper-watermelon on resistant rootstocks ‘Brigeor’, Cucumis metuliferus, ‘Oscos’ and Citrullus amarus, respectively, was carried out in a plastic greenhouse, ending with a susceptible or resistant tomato crop. The rotation was conducted in plots infested by an avirulent (Avi) or a partially virulent (Vi) Meloidogyne incognita population to the Mi1.2 gene. At the beginning of the study, the reproduction index (RI, relative reproduction in the resistant respect susceptible tomato) of Avi and Vi populations was 1.3% and 21.6%, respectively. Soil nematode density at transplanting (Pi) and at the end (Pf) of each crop, disease severity and crop yield were determined. Moreover, the putative virulence selection and fitness cost were determined at the end of each crop in pot tests. In addition, a histopathological study was carried out 15 days after nematode inoculation in pot test. The volume and number of nuclei per giant cell (GC) and the number of GC, their volume and the number of nuclei per feeding site in susceptible watermelon and pepper were compared with C. amarus and resistant pepper. At the beginning of the study, the Pi of Avi and Vi plots did not differ between susceptible and resistant germplasm. At the end of the rotation, the Pf of Avi was 1.2 the Pi in susceptible and 0.06 in resistant, the cumulative yield of grafted crops was 1.82 times higher than that of the ungrafted susceptible ones, and the RI in resistant tomato less than 10% irrespective of the rotation sequence. Concerning the Vi, Pf was below the detection level at the end of the rotation in resistant and 3 times Pi in the susceptible. The cumulative yield of grafted crops was 2.83 times higher than that of the ungrafted and the RI in resistant tomato was 7.6%, losing the population’s virulence. In the histopathological study, no differences in number of GC per feeding site were observed in watermelon compared to C. amarus, but they were more voluminous and contained higher number of nuclei per GC and per feeding site. Regarding pepper, Avi population did not penetrate resistant rootstock.
Envisioning the future for families running away from war: Challenges and resources of Ukrainian parents in Italy
Authors: Paoletti Patrizio , Perasso Giulia Federica , Lillo Carmela , Serantoni Grazia , Maculan Alessandro , Vianello Francesca , Di Giuseppe Tania
Published: March 2023

Since February 2022, 7.8 million people have left Ukraine. In total, 80% are women and children. The present quali-quantitative study is the first in Italy to (i) describe the adaptation challenges and the resources of refugee parents and, indirectly, of their children and (ii) investigate the impact of neuropsychopedagogical training on their wellbeing. The sample includes N = 15 Ukrainian parents (80% mothers, mean age = 34 years) who arrived in Italy in March and April 2022. The parents participated in neuropsychopedagogical training within the program Envisioning the Future (EF): the 10 Keys to Resilience. Before the training, participants completed an ad hoc checklist to detect adjustment difficulties. After the training, they responded to a three-item post-training questionnaire on the course and to a semi-structured interview deepening adaptation problems, personal resources, and the neuropsychopedagogical training effects. Participants report that since they departed from Ukraine, they have experienced sleep, mood, and concentration problems, and specific fears, which they also observed in their children. They report self-efficacy, self-esteem, social support, spirituality, and common humanity as their principal resources. As effects of the training, they report an increased sense of security, quality of sleep, and more frequent positive thoughts. The interviews also reveal a 3-fold positive effect of the training (e.g., behavioral, emotional-relational, and cognitive-narrative).
Understanding sustainable purchase intention of smartphone users interface: Evidence from China
Authors: Horani Lara F. , Dong Liangdong
Published: March 2023

In recent decades, the fast development of smartphones has resulted in an enormous mass of e-waste besides a carbon footprint increase. In the face of serious environmental concerns, the manufacture and disposal of smartphones have become a primary customer concern. Environmental concerns are becoming a decisive factor when it comes to purchasing a product. Manufacturers have shifted their focus to product design with sustainable requirements in response to these new customer requirements. With all of the affordable technology manufacturers now may consider customer-sustainable requirements. This research aims to examine the relationship between traditional customer requirements, sustainable customer requirements, and sustainable purchase intention for smartphones in China, as well as the mediation effect of sustainable perceived value and the moderation effect of price sensitivity. Customers’ preferences are determined by using an online questionnaire. This research proposed an advanced sustainable purchase intention model by conducting an empirical analysis of the data gathered from 379 questionnaires. To gain a competitive advantage, companies should concentrate on meeting traditional and sustainable requirements more than the product price, according to the findings of the research. And contributes to the segmentation of the eco-friendly smartphone market.
Original and introduced lineages co-driving the persistence of Brucella abortus circulating in West Africa
Authors: Liu Zhiguo , Wang Miao , Shi Qi , Dong Xiaoping , Gao Liping , Li Zhenjun
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Brucellosis, a serious public health issue affecting animals and humans, is neglected in West Africa (WA).

Methods

In the present study, bio-typing, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), and whole genome sequencing single-nucleotide polymorphism (WGS-SNP) analysis were used to characterize the Brucella abortus (B. abortus) strains from WA.

Results

All of the 309 strains analyzed in this study were extracted and downloaded from the international MLVA bank and were from 10 hosts (cattle, humans, ovine, buffalo, dromedaries, horse, sheep, zebu, dog, and cat) distributed in 17 countries in WA. Based on the bio-typing, three biovars, dominated by B. abortus bv.3, were observed and reported across seven decades (1958–2019). With MLST, 129 B. abortus strains from the present study were sorted into 14 STs, with ST34 as the predicted founder. These 14 STs clustered into the global MLST data into three clone complexes (C I–C III) with the majority of strains clustering in C I, while C II forms an independent branch, and C III harbors three STs shared by different continents. These data revealed that most cases were caused by strains from native lineages. According to the MLVA-11 comparison, 309 strains were divided into 22 MLVA-11 genotypes, 15 of which were unique to WA and the remaining seven had a global distribution. MLVA-16 analysis showed that there were no epidemiological links among these strains. Based on the MLVA data, B. abortus strains from WA have high genetic diversity, and predominated genotypes were descended from a native lineage. While the MLVA-16 globally highlights that the dominant native and few introduced lineages (from Brazil, the USA, South Korea, Argentina, India, Italy, Portugal, the UK, Costa Rica, and China) co-driving the B. abortus ongoing prevalence in WA. The high-resolution SNP analysis implied the existence of introduced B. abortus lineages, which may be reasonably explained by the movement and trade of dominant hosts (cattle) and/or their products.

Discussion

Our results indicated that B. abortus strains in WA consist of native and introduced strains that necessitate control such as vaccination, testing, slaughtering, and movement control by the relevant country authorities to reduce brucellosis in livestock.