bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Chronic Intertrigo of the Lymphedema Leg in Southern India
Authors: De Britto Lourduraj John , Yuvaraj Jayaram , Kamaraj Pattabi , Poopathy Subbiah , Vijayalakshmi Gnanasekaran
Published: September 2015

Rich clinical experiences indicate that toe web intertrigo is a major predisposing condition for cellulitis/acute dermatolymphango adenitis (ADLA) and the number of lesions is the strongest predictor of frequency of ADLA in lymphedema (LE) patients. However, there is scanty information on the risk factors for the establishment of chronic toe web intertrigo in LE patients. We performed a case-control study recruiting 52 lower limb LE with intertrigo and 52 lower limb LE without intertrigo in community settings and assessed general and local potential risk factors for chronic intertrigo. Analysis of local risk factors revealed that topical application of oil, tingling and numbness of the extremities were associated independently with chronic intertrigo. In multivariate analysis, LE grades III and IV were associated with chronic intertrigo, after adjusting for tingling and numbness, prophylactic antibiotic, age group, and gender. From a public health perspective, LE patients of grades III and IV and patients under antibiotic prophylaxis should be self-motivated to look for the early symptoms of toe web intertrigo to prevent chronic stage and recurrent episodes of cellulitis. Patients with history of tingling and numbness of the periphery need to be monitored for pressure effects leading to poor vascularization and delayed healing of intertrigo.
Comparison of short wrist transverse open and limited open techniques for carpal tunnel release: a randomized controlled trial of two incisions
Authors: Cho Y. J. , Lee J. H. , Shin D. J. , Park K. H.
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to compare outcomes of limited open and short wrist transverse techniques in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. In a single centre randomized controlled trial, 84 patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome were randomized before surgery to limited open or short wrist transverse open carpal tunnel release. The patients were evaluated at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 and 2 years after surgery. At every follow-up, the Brigham and Women’s Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire scores, scar discomfort, and subjective patient satisfaction were evaluated. Two years after surgery, five patients were lost to follow-up. The groups had similar Brigham and Women’s Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire Symptom Severity and Functional Status scores and subjective satisfaction scores. The incidence of scar discomfort was not significantly different between the two groups on serial postoperative follow-up. Short wrist transverse open release surgery showed similar early postoperative symptoms and subjective and functional outcomes to limited open release.

Level of evidence: II
Transfer Delays From the Neurologic Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Morris Nicholas A. , Batra Ayush , Biffi Alessandro , Cohen Adam B.
Published: September 2015

Introduction:

Neurocritical care beds are a scarce, valuable resource. The purpose of this pilot study was to quantify discharge delays from the neurologic intensive care unit (NICU) at a tertiary-care teaching hospital and to examine the impact on overall hospital length of stay (LOS). Secondary goals were to evaluate (1) the effect of NICU delays on patient physical/occupational therapy services and (2) the accuracy of clinician estimates of NICU discharge date and hospital LOS.

Methods:

We conducted a prospective cohort study of consecutive patients discharged over 1 month from NICU. A patient was defined to have experienced a delay when deemed medically ready for NICU discharge (ie, floor transfer) but without actual NICU discharge within 8 hours of the ready time.

Results:

Sixty-five patients were discharged from the NICU with an average delay of 25 hours 51 minutes (median 13 hours 3 minutes), of which 60% (39 of 65) of patients were delayed at least 8 hours, while 25% (16 of 65) were delayed at least 48 hours. The primary reason for delay was lack of floor bed availability. NICU admissions that experienced a delay did not have a significantly longer hospital LOS. Clinician estimates on admission of NICU discharge date were within 24 hours for 63% of admissions.

Conclusion:

Discharge delays from the NICU were common but did not significantly increase hospital LOS in this cohort. Delays did not have a significant impact on total physical therapy or occupational therapy duration. Clinician estimates of NICU discharge dates were relatively accurate.
Periodontal disease and liver cirrhosis: A systematic review
Authors: Grønkjær Lea Ladegaard
Published: September 2015

Objectives:

Studies suggest that periodontal disease, a source of subclinical and persistent infection, may be associated with various systemic conditions, including liver cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to examine the literature and determine the relationship between periodontal disease and liver cirrhosis and to identify opportunities and directions for future research in this area.

Methods:

A systematic review of English articles in the PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus databases was conducted using search terms including ‘liver cirrhosis’, ‘end-stage liver disease’, ‘liver diseases’, ‘oral health’, ‘periodontal disease’, ‘mouth disease’, ‘gingivitis’, and ‘periodontitis’.

Results:

Thirteen studies published between 1981 and 2014 were found to include data on oral health and periodontal disease in cirrhotic patients. Studies indicated an increased incidence of periodontal disease in patients with liver cirrhosis, measured with several different periodontal indices. The reported prevalence of periodontal disease in cirrhosis patients ranged from 25.0% to 68.75% in four studies and apical periodontitis was found in 49%–79% of the patients. One study found that mortality was lower among patients who underwent dental treatment versus non-treated patients. Another study suggested an association between periodontal disease and the progression of liver cirrhosis, but data are sparse and conflicting as to whether periodontal disease is correlated to cirrhosis aetiology and severity.

Conclusion:

Despite the clinical reality of periodontal disease in liver cirrhosis patients, there are few published studies. Before clinical implications can be addressed, more data on the prevalence of and correlation between periodontal disease and liver cirrhosis aetiology, duration, and progression are needed.
Reliability of ultrasound elastography for the quantification of transversus abdominis elasticity
Authors: Hirayama Kuniaki , Akagi Ryota , Takahashi Hideyuki
Published: September 2015

Background

The transversus abdominis (TrA), which is considered to be involved in controlling spinal stability, is covered by two muscles (i.e. the external and internal oblique muscles) as well as subcutaneous fat. Therefore, there were doubts about whether it was possible to perform highly reliable measurements of muscle elasticity.

Purpose

To investigate the reliability of ultrasound elastography for the quantification of elasticity of the TrA.

Material and Methods

A skilled and an unskilled operator of ultrasound elastography measured TrA elasticity in 10 healthy men (age, 24 ± 4 years; height, 172.0 ± 5.2 cm; weight, 72.3 ± 12.0 kg) in the supine position. The tests were repeated six times; of the six measured values, a group of four measurements showing the lowest coefficient of variation (CV) was adopted and the mean values were used for further analysis. This procedure was repeated twice on each participant on two different days.

Results

The intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) between days for skilled and unskilled operators were 0.86 ( P < 0.00) and 0.59 ( P = 0.02), respectively, and the CVs were 8.7% and 13.8%, respectively. The ICCs between operators and CVs were in the range of 0.56–0.57 ( P = 0.02–0.03) and 13.5–15.5%, respectively. No systematic error was found for any comparison.

Conclusion

The reliabilities of the skilled and unskilled operators were high and moderate, respectively.
Impact of Screening Implementing HCV Screening of Persons Born 1945-1965
Authors: Gemelas James , Locker Rachel , Rudd Stephen , Prevost Carol , Reilley Brigg , Leston Jessica
Published: September 2015

Background: In August 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released recommendations to screen persons born from 1945 to 1965 for hepatitis C virus (HCV). In September 2012, Warm Springs Health and Wellness Center (WSHWC) initiated a quality improvement (QI) project to conduct HCV screening among all patients in this birth cohort. Methods: Screening rates were tracked using a nationally standardized HCV screening measure in the Indian Health Service. At the end of the project period, WSHWC staff took a brief survey to review the impact of the HCV QI Project. Results: Screening for HCV among eligible patients at WSHWC increased from 5% (47/938) in September 2012 to 76% (593/785) in September 2014. Survey data indicated that clinicians felt increased screening for HCV had a positive impact on patient communication and care. Conclusions: Primary care clinics can successfully increase HCV screening in a relatively short time period. Age based screening recommendation may provide opportunities to increase communication with others at risk for HCV. As more patients are screened, it will be important to ensure appropriate linkage to care for HCV patients.
A Simple and Transparent Alternative to Repeated Measures ANOVA
Authors: Grice James W. , Craig David Philip Arthur , Abramson Charles I.
Published: September 2015

Observation Oriented Modeling is a novel approach toward conceptualizing and analyzing data. Compared with traditional parametric statistics, Observation Oriented Modeling is more intuitive, relatively free of assumptions, and encourages researchers to stay close to their data. Rather than estimating abstract population parameters, the overarching goal of the analysis is to identify and explain distinct patterns within the observations. Selected data from a recent study by Craig et al. were analyzed using Observation Oriented Modeling; this analysis was contrasted with a traditional repeated measures ANOVA assessment. Various pitfalls in traditional parametric analyses were avoided when using Observation Oriented Modeling, including the presence of outliers and missing data. The differences between Observation Oriented Modeling and various parametric and nonparametric statistical methods were finally discussed.
Limited Changes in Spinal Lamina I Dorsal Horn Neurons following the Cytotoxic Ablation of Non-Peptidergic C-Fibers
Authors: Saeed Abeer W. , Pawlowski Sophie A. , Ribeiro-da-Silva Alfredo
Published: September 2015

Background

Non-peptidergic nociceptive neurons are a sub-population of small diameter primary sensory neurons that comprise approximately 50 % of the C fiber population. Together with the peptidergic sub-population, they transmit nociceptive information from the periphery to the superficial dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Despite the numerous studies investigating the role of the non-peptidergic primary afferents, their role in normal nociception and in pain remains poorly understood. Our lab has previously demonstrated that, in rat models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain, there is a de novo expression of substance P receptors (NK-1r) by lamina I pyramidal projection neurons, a neuronal population that normally does not express these receptors.

Results

In this study, we used a ribosomal toxin, saporin, conjugated to the lectin IB4 to selectively ablate the nonpeptidergic nociceptive C fibers, to investigate if the loss of these fibers was enough to induce a change in NK-1r expression by lamina I projection neurons. IB4-saporin treatment led to the permanent ablation of the IB4-positive afferents but also to a small non-significant reduction in CGRP-positive afferents. An overall increase in immunoreactivity for the NK-1r was observed in lamina I projection neurons, however, the lack of non-peptidergic afferents did not increase the number of lamina I pyramidal projection neurons immunoreactive for the receptor.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that the deletion of the non-peptidergic afferents, at the L4–L5 spinal levels, is not sufficient to trigger the de novo expression of NK-1r by projection pyramidal neurons but increases the expression of NK-1r in fusiform and multipolar projection neurons. Furthermore, our data suggest that a neuropathic component is essential to trigger the expression of NK-1r by pyramidal neurons.
Treatment of clozapine-associated obesity and diabetes with exenatide (CODEX) in adults with schizophrenia: study protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Mayfield Karla , Siskind Dan , Winckel Karl , Hollingworth Samantha , Kisely Steve , Russell Anthony W.
Published: September 2015

Background

Clozapine causes significant metabolic disturbances including obesity and type 2 diabetes. Recent evidence that reduced glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) may contribute to aetiology of clozapine-associated metabolic dysregulation suggests a potential therapeutic role for GLP-1 agonists.

Method

This open-label, pilot randomised controlled trial evaluates the effect of exenatide in clozapine-treated obese adults who have schizophrenia, with or without poorly controlled diabetes. Sixty out-patients will be randomised to once weekly extended release exenatide or treatment as usual for 24 weeks.

Aims

To evaluate the feasibility of larger studies regarding methodology, acceptability, tolerability and estimate efficacy for glycaemic control or weight loss. Secondary outcomes are psychosis severity and metabolic parameters.

Conclusions

This is the first trial investigating GLP-1 agonists for glycaemic control and weight loss in clozapine-treated patients with either diabetes or obesity. Clozapine-associated obesity and diabetes with exenatide (CODEX) will provide proof-of-concept empirical evidence addressing whether this novel treatment is practical and worthy of further investigation.
Controlled Nucleation of Supramolecular Polymerization in a Pressure-regulatable Microflow Channel
Authors: Numata Munenori , Sakai Ryoichiro , Asai Atsushi , Sanada Yusuke , Sakurai Kazuo
Published: September 2015

Supramolecular polymerization of TPPS, a kind of self-assembling porphyrin, was investigated in a pressure-adjustable microflow channel. We found that the nucleation process of TPPS was accelerated under pressured environments, leading to the creation of many short fibers. This result implies that the fiber length is controllable by adjusting the pressure applied in the microflow channel.
Attitudes of nursing staff towards a Modified Early Warning System
Authors: Cherry Peter G , Jones Colin P
Published: September 2015

This study aimed to understand the attitudes of qualified nursing staff on an acute medical unit concerning the Modified Early Warning System (MEWS) score chart used to monitor patients. A combination of questionnaires and a focus group was used. All respondents believed that the MEWS is beneficial in their work but the point was also raised that MEWS scores can be miscalculated and there is sometimes difficulty in getting medical staff to review the patient, even if the MEWS score is significantly high. At times a qualified nurse's seniority or the colour of his or her uniform can affect the attitude of the medical staff and can mean the difference between the patient being reviewed or not. Certain medics have a culture of dismissing a high MEWS score because they were expecting these vital physiological signs to be abnormal, owing to that particular patient's past medical history or presenting complaint. Most hospitals in the NHS now use some sort of early warning system but, at times, staff seem to be unsure of the importance of the MEWS score or what action needs to be taken. The authors agree with the view that introduction of a standard NHS-wide chart would be of benefit to staff and patients.
A final reflection on my time as a nursing student
Authors: Freshwater Ed
Published: September 2015

In his final Student Column, Ed Freshwater looks back over the 3 years of his degree considering the things that went well, and the things he might have done differently
The Government's plan for ensuring compassionate care in the NHS
Authors: Tingle John
Published: September 2015

In this first of a two-part column, John Tingle discusses the recent speech given by Secretary of State for Health, Jeremy Hunt, at the King's Fund, on making health care more human-centered, not system-centered
BJN Award Runner Up: Oncology Nurse of the Year
Authors: Samson Michelle
Published: September 2015

To contact Michelle about setting up an acute oncology service, send her an email: Michelle.Samson@nbt.nhs.uk
Delirium: a diagnostic dilemma. Part 1
Authors: Hardy Kersten , Brown Michelle
Published: September 2015

Effective symptom management for a patient with a palliative diagnosis can be challenging. There are some symptoms that may be more difficult to control and understand than others. Delirium, as a symptom, may well prove to be a significant challenge for all involved, leaving family and health professionals perplexed and exhausted. Understanding the predisposing factors and the manifestations may aid the health professional in the assessment and identification of this distressing symptom, facilitating more effective management and care of those who are approaching the end of life. This article attempts to address some of the challenges and offer a number of suggestions that may aid in identifying delirium in patients at the end of life, but also examines some of the dilemmas when attempting to treat delirium.
Understand infant feeding to best support mothers' choices
Authors: More Judy
Published: September 2015

It is important that nurses provide support and advice to help breast or bottle feeding, says Judy More
O pass-through cambial para as inflações regionais do Brasil no regime de metas
Authors: Ferreira Douglas Marcos , Braga Marcelo José
Published: September 2015

O presente trabalho analisa o comportamento dos mecanismos de repasses cambiais para as inflações regionais ao longo do Regime de Metas para Inflação no Brasil. Para isso, utiliza duas flexibilizações quanto aos modelos tradicionais para o coeficiente do pass-through. Primeiro, parte-se de análises em níveis regionais para avaliar quais regiões foram as mais sensíveis a desvalorizações da moeda; e segundo, o índice geral de cada inflação regional é desagregado em cada um dos grupos que o compõem, visando a analisar o comportamento do mecanismo de pass-through sob uma ótica regional desagregada. A evidência empírica obtida sugere um comportamento assimétrico entre as regiões e também entre os grupos que compõem os índices regionais.
Identificação e exploração de oportunidades: estudos de casos no Paraná e em Quebec
Authors: Pelizza Vier Machado Hilka , Moura Basaglia Marcela
Published: September 2015

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi o de compreender a identificação e a exploração de oportunidades em dois contextos. A abordagem da pesquisa foi a qualitativa e o método foi o estudo de casos, tendo sido selecionados dois casos em Quebec e dois casos no Paraná. Poucas diferenças foram encontradas em relação ao contexto, mas foi possível a influência da condição de imigrantes na formação da intenção empreendedora. Na identificação e na exploração de oportunidades foram observados alguns elementos, tais como redes, informações e o papel do meio, tal como salientado anteriormente por outros autores (ARDICHVILI, CARDOZO, REI, 2003; JULIEN, 2010). Os resultados mostraram também como os empreendedores construíram as oportunidades, gerando valor para o meio e produzindo artefatos (BRUYAT, JULIEN, 2010; SARASVATHY, 2008).
Condições facilitadoras e aspectos limitadores ao processo de implantação da empresa ZPE Ceará à luz da visão baseada nas instituições
Authors: Nunes Paulo Roberto de Carvalho , Lourenço Maria Salvelina Marques , De Sousa Filho José Milton
Published: September 2015

Os países emergentes têm adotado políticas públicas de comércio exterior que priorizam estratégias de internacionalização de negócios, como as Zonas de Processamento de Exportação (ZPE). No Brasil, a empresa ZPE CEARÁ foi constituída pelo estado do Ceará com a missão de implantar a ZPE do Pecém, a primeira dessas áreas a operar. Esta pesquisa objetiva identificar e caracterizar as condições facilitadoras e os aspectos limitadores do processo de implantação da empresa ZPE CEARÁ, à luz da Visão Baseada nas Instituições, e concluiu que fatores relacionados a essa teoria influenciaram o processo de implantação da empresa, especialmente quanto às condições facilitadoras.
Performance of a thrombectomy device for aspiration of thrombus with various sizes based on a computational fluid dynamic modeling
Authors: Soleimani Sajjad , Dubini Gabriele , Pennati Giancarlo
Published: September 2015

It is important to thoroughly remove the thrombus within the course of aspiration thrombectomy; otherwise, it may lead to further embolization. The performance of the aspiration thrombectomy device with a generic geometry is studied through the computational approach. In order to model the thrombus aspiration, a real left coronary artery is chosen while thrombi with various sizes are located at the bifurcation area of the coronary artery and, depending on the size of the thrombus, it is stretched toward the side branches. The thrombus occupies the artery resembling the blood current obstruction in the coronary vessel similar to the situation that leads to heart attack. It is concluded that the aspiration ability of the thrombectomy device is not linked to the thrombus size; it is rather linked to the aspiration pressure and thrombus age (organized versus fresh thrombus). However, the aspiration time period correlates to the thrombus size. The minimum applicable aspiration pressure is also investigated in this study.
Citrulline as a biomarker of gastrointestinal toxicity in patients with rectal carcinoma treated with chemoradiation
Authors: Zezulová Michaela , Bartoušková Marie , Hlídková Eva , Adam Tomáš , Krčmová Lenka Kujovská , Červinková Barbora , Solichová Dagmar , Zlevorová Miloslava , Cwiertka Karel , Friedecký David , Vrána David , Melichar Bohuslav
Published: September 2015

Gastrointestinal toxicity is the principal toxicity of chemoradiation in the treatment of rectal carcinoma. The assessment of this toxicity still relies mostly on the symptoms reported by the patient.

Plasma citrulline, serum neopterin and urinary neopterin were followed weekly in 49 patients with rectal carcinoma during chemoradiation.

Citrulline significantly (p<0.05) decreased while serum and urinary neopterin concentrations increased during therapy. Irradiated gut volume correlated significantly inversely with citrulline and positively with urinary neopterin. Statistically significant inverse correlations were also observed between urinary neopterin and plasma citrulline concentrations during the treatment. Urinary neopterin concentrations were significantly higher and citrulline concentrations were lower in patients who experienced grade ≥3 gastrointestinal toxicity.

Citrulline represents a promising biomarker of gastrointestinal toxicity. Moreover, the volume of irradiated gut correlated with urinary neopterin concentrations and an association was observed between gastrointestinal toxicity evidenced by lower citrulline concentrations and systemic immune activation reflected in increased concentrations of urinary neopterin.
Asymmetric Wnt Pathway Signaling Facilitates Stem Cell-Like Divisions via the Nonreceptor Tyrosine Kinase FRK-1 inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Mila Danielle , Calderon Adriana , Baldwin Austin T , Moore Kelsey M , Watson McLane , Phillips Bryan T , Putzke Aaron P
Published: September 2015

Asymmetric cell division is critical during development, as it influences processes such as cell fate specification and cell migration. We have characterized FRK-1, a homolog of the mammalian Fer nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, and found it to be required for differentiation and maintenance of epithelial cell types, including the stem cell-like seam cells of the hypodermis. A genomic knockout of frk-1, allele ok760, results in severely uncoordinated larvae that arrest at the L1 stage and have an excess number of lateral hypodermal cells that appear to have lost asymmetry in the stem cell-like divisions of the seam cell lineage. frk-1(ok760) mutants show that there are excess lateral hypodermal cells that are abnormally shaped and smaller in size compared to wild type, a defect that could be rescued only in a manner dependent on the kinase activity of FRK-1. Additionally, we observed a significant change in the expression of heterochronic regulators in frk-1(ok760) mutants. However, frk-1(ok760) mutants do not express late, nonseam hypodermal GFP markers, suggesting the seam cells do not precociously differentiate as adult-hyp7 cells. Finally, our data also demonstrate a clear role for FRK-1 in seam cell proliferation, as eliminating FRK-1 during the L3–L4 transition results in supernumerary seam cell nuclei that are dependent on asymmetric Wnt signaling. Specifically, we observe aberrant POP-1 and WRM-1 localization that is dependent on the presence of FRK-1 and APR-1. Overall, our data suggest a requirement for FRK-1 in maintaining the identity and proliferation of seam cells primarily through an interaction with the asymmetric Wnt pathway.
Anti-Inflammatory Properties of NAP in Acute Toxoplasma gondii-Induced Ileitis in Mice
Authors: Heimesaat Markus M. , Fischer André , Kühl Anja A. , Göbel Ulf B. , Gozes Illana , Bereswill Stefan
Published: September 2015

The octapeptide NAP has been shown to exert neuroprotective properties. Here, we investigated potential anti-inflammatory effects of NAP in an acute ileitis model. To address this, C57BL/6j mice were perorally infected with Toxoplasma gondii (day 0). Within 1 week postinfection (p.i.), placebo (PLC)-treated mice developed acute ileitis due to Th1-type immune responses. Mice that were subjected to intraperitoneal NAP treatment from day 1 until day 6 p.i., however, developed less distinct macroscopic and microscopic disease as indicated by less body weight loss, less distinct histopathological ileal changes, and lower ileal apoptotic, but higher proliferating cell numbers, less abundance of neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes, and T lymphocytes, but higher numbers of regulatory T cells in the ileal mucosa and lamina propria, and lower concentrations of pro-inflammatory mediators in the ilea as compared to PLC controls at day 7 p.i. Remarkably, NAP-mediated anti-inflammatory effects could also be observed in extra-intestinal compartments including liver and spleen. Strikingly, lower MCP-1, TNF, and IL-12p70 serum concentrations in NAP as compared to PLC-treated mice at day 7 p.i. indicate a pronounced systemic anti-inflammatory effect of NAP in acute ileitis. These findings provide first evidence for NAP as a potential novel treatment option in intestinal inflammation.
Trade and Economic Implications of Low Level Presence and Asynchronous Authorizations of Agricultural Biotech Crops in China
Authors: Huang Jikun , Yang Jun
Published: September 2015

China has developed its own strong biotech program as well as a biosafety regulation system for genetically modified (GM) commercial production and import, but has yet started to seek approval for its GM events in any foreign country. China's biosafety regulations on biotech crop import, which requires that import applications start after approval from the country of origin and the zero tolerance rule, will have important implications for major GM producing countries that export GM products to China in terms of trade, price, and production and also to China itself in terms of food price and economic welfare. As China continues to expand its biotech crop commercialization, to minimize its trade conflicts with its exporting destination countries, China may also need to revisit its current policy of not seeking approval for its GM events in its major export destination countries in the future. A less trade‐distorted regulation on low level presence (LLP) can benefit from the comparative advantage of agricultural production, stabilized domestic food price, and increased total social welfare. Global cooperation should be set up to enhance the safety management and also lower the multifarious and unnecessary costs of LLP.
The Poverty and Welfare Effects of the 2008 Food Price Crisis in Vietnam: A Decomposition Analysis
Authors: Phung Tung Duc , Waibel Hermann
Published: September 2015

Using panel data from the Vietnam Household Living Standard Surveys (VHLSS), this paper examines the impacts of food price increases on welfare and poverty in Vietnam. It is found that on average the rise in food prices increased household welfare by 7.5 percentage points. However, the percentage of households who gained from the increase in food prices is much smaller than of those who lost. The absolute number of people living in poverty increased by about 2.5 percentage points and the poverty gap deepened, but these effects varied greatly across regions. Producers' supply reactions were moderate and on the demand side only poor consumers showed strong reactions.
Alleviating Food Insecurity in Asia
Authors: Warr Peter
Published: September 2015

Despite recent progress, Asia has many more food insecure people than the rest of the world combined. The prevalence of stunting and underweight in children far exceeds the global average. Expansion of agricultural output within Asian countries themselves is strongly associated with reductions in the rate of undernourishment. It is not sufficient to rely solely on aggregate economic growth or reductions in poverty incidence to reduce food insecurity. But higher food prices increase the rate of undernourishment. The policy imperative is to raise agricultural output without at the same time raising food prices. Investment in the infrastructure and knowledge required to raise agricultural productivity achieves that objective. Agricultural protection does not, because the number of food insecure people who are net sellers of food is exceeded by the number who are net purchasers of food and for whom increased food prices mean greater food insecurity.
Intradural Extension of a Pyogenic Epidural Abscess
Authors: Rosinsky Philip J. , Zimhony Oren , Ciobotaro Pnina , Sagiv Shaul , Ben-Galim Peleg
Published: September 2015

Case:

Few cases of spinal epidural abscess involving an extradural abscess with an intradural extension have been reported. A unique complication with extension of pus from the epidural space through multiple perforations into the dura is described. Due to a proximal meningeal inflammatory reaction, which served as a proximal plug, no cerebrospinal fluid leak was encountered.

Conclusion:

Intradural extension of pus through multiple dural perforations is a rare complication of spinal epidural abscess and a treatment challenge. Early diagnosis enabling prompt surgical decompression, along with subsequent aggressive debridements and prolonged intravenous antibiotic treatment, can lead to a favorable outcome.
Anterior Transverse Divergent Dislocation of the Elbow in a Child
Authors: Suzuki Taku , Yoshida Hirobumi , Matsumura Noboru , Iwamoto Takuji , Ochi Kensuke , Sato Kazuki
Published: September 2015

Case:

A five-year-old boy injured his right elbow. Radiography revealed an anterior dislocation of the elbow with an olecranon fracture and a proximal radioulnar joint dissociation. Computed tomography (CT) confirmed the disruption of the proximal radioulnar joint, and a diagnosis of anterior transverse divergent dislocation of the elbow was established. Open reduction and fixation of the ulna was performed with good clinical results.

Conclusion:

We document a rare type of anterior divergent dislocation of the elbow. It is important to use CT to evaluate a proximal radioulnar joint dissociation to determine the correct diagnosis to aid in surgical planning.
More Women Into The Workforce: Using Law As Leverage
Authors: Williams K.
Published: September 2015

We are all aware that the percentage of females working in the industry in the UK falls short. We know that this is a resource which is under-utilised. So what can be done to increase and retain the numbers, and how can the legal framework help?

This paper firstly discusses some of the reasoning behind the low levels of representation of women in the UK oil and gas workforce. It goes on to discuss how under-representation can be tackled, from a legal perspective.

The paper outlines the current legislative framework: in plain terms what is required by the law and what is prohibited. It goes on to focus in particular examples of recent legislative developments which are intended to act as a catalyst for more rapid social change, by contrast to established equality law which has achieved only a slow improvement in workplace diversity. The paper also considers some of the practical impact of these new laws, such as the challenges involved in enabling flexible working patterns whilst meeting operational and logistical demands.

The paper identifies what could be gained by embracing the legal requirements which aim for a working environment where employees are better enabled to combine their careers with their personal and family lives, and where both parents can play an equal role in the early stages of their children's lives. These future workplaces are significantly more attractive to women. The paper concludes that oil and gas employers should take a proactive view on legal developments such as flexible working and shared parental leave. Employers need to be forward-thinking about how they facilitate these changes and position themselves to attract recruits from the female population and ensure that they retain talented female employees throughout the organisation. The industry should aspire towards creating a seismic shift in the level of female participation in its workforce.
Knowledge Sharing and Employee Development in Oil and Gas Companies in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Alhanshi Moosa , Albraiki Hussain
Published: September 2015

Nowadays, it becomes a fact that knowledge is the number one resource of organizations, and having that knowledge managed and shared effectively gives the organization the competitive advantages among other organizations. Many oil and gas organization believes that having a good systems and environment for knowledge sharing will have positive effect on the learning curve of both individual and organization.

In this study the researchers are testing the relationship between the knowledge sharing and employee development and address the key knowledge sharing factors that might have positive relationship with employee effectiveness and so development.

An empirical study used to investigate this relationship in two oil and gas companies in United Arab Emirates, a 150 questionnaires were distributed in both companies, it consist of 46 items addressing four factors of knowledge sharing named Organizational culture, Individual Communications skills, Procedural justice, Supervision and feedback. The dependent variable is employee development. 124 responses were valid to use. The analysis were done using the statistical package of social science software (SPSS) and the results showed positive relationship between the global variables (knowledge sharing and employee development) but surprisingly there is one knowledge sharing factor showed no relationship with employee development, it is the one called “Individual Communications skills”.

At the end of the study the researchers address the limitations of the study and suggest some recommendations for organizations to use in order to improve knowledge sharing which should lead to employee development and accordingly that can give the organization better competitive advantage. Finally the researchers give some suggestions for future research.
Outside-In Frontal Drill-Out: How I Do It
Authors: Knisely Anna , Barham Henry P. , Harvey Richard J. , Sacks Raymond
Published: September 2015

Background

The Draf 3 frontal sinusotomy, or modified Lothrop procedure has been used to treat recalcitrant rhinosinusitis, frontal sinus mucocoeles or to provide access for cerebrospinal fluid leaks, frontoethmoid fractures, frontal sinus tumors and skull base tumors.

Objective

To describe authors approach to the “Outside-In Frontal Drill-Out”.

Methods

Descriptive.

Results

The “Outside-In” frontal drill-out is an approach that emphasizes the early identification of the first olfactory neuron, maximization of bone removal, and preservation of the posterior table mucosa.

Conclusion

The advantages of this approach are it provides unobstructed view and identifies anatomic limits early, bone removal is fast and efficient; it is safe, and it is a robust technique based upon fixed anatomic landmarks.
Quantification of Maxillary Sinus Accessibility via a Middle Meatal Antrostomy
Authors: Beswick Daniel M. , Rodriguez Kenneth D. , Olds Cristen E. , Kass Jason I. , Schaitkin Barry M.
Published: September 2015

Objective

To quantify maxillary sinus volume and mucosal surface area (SA) that is accessible endoscopically via a middle meatal antrostomy and to explore the financial implications of using multiple disposable instruments for this procedure.

Methods

Eight cadaver maxillary sinuses configured with image guidance software were evaluated. In each sinus, a standard middle meatal antrostomy was created, through which curved microdebriders of 15, 40, 70, and 120° were placed. The SA and volume of the region accessible by each microdebrider tip was calculated.

Results

Mean maxillary sinus volume was 16.5 ± 2.5 cm3 and mean SA was 31.0 ± 2.3 cm2. The 15, 40, 70 and 120° microdebriders accessed an average of 10, 25, 41, and 66%, respectively, of the SA, and of 2, 9, 17, and 36%, respectively, of the volume. There was a trend toward improved accessibility of the superior half versus the inferior half of the maxillary sinus. When instruments of different degrees were combined to maximize accessibility, 81% of the SA of the sinus could be accessed.

Conclusions

Microdebriders with increasing curvatures allowed for greater access of the maxillary sinus mucosa through an middle meatal antrostomy. No single microdebrider curvature or combination of curvatures reached the entirety of the maxillary sinus wall. Knowledge about the area of reach for these blades can lead to lower per procedure costs.
Is Sex an Independent Prognostic Factor in Esthesioneuroblastoma?
Authors: Stokes William A. , Camilon P. Ryan , Banglawala Sarfaraz M. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Harvey Richard , Vandergrift W. Alexander , Schlosser Rodney J.
Published: September 2015

Objective

To determine if sex independently affects presentation and disease-specific survival (DSS) in patients with esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB).

Study Design

A case-control study from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data base.

Methods

The assessment identified 611 patients in the SEER data base who were diagnosed with ENB from 1988 to 2010. Data on race, ethnicity, age at diagnosis, sex, histologic grade, radiation treatment status, and surgical treatment status of patients with ENB from 1988 to 2010 were extracted. By using tumor extension data, the modified Kadish stage of each case was determined. The modified Kadish system was able to successfully classify 547 of 611 tumors from 1988 to 2010. Histologic grade, modified Kadish stage and DSS of male patients was compared with the DSS of female patients.

Results

Demographic data showed that male patients presented with a significantly higher grade (p < 0.05) and a trend toward a higher stage (p = 0.08). With unmatched data, male patients had significantly worse DSS than female patients (p < 0.05). After case-matching, the difference between the DSS for male versus female patients was no longer significant.

Conclusions

Male patients with ENB seemed to have significantly worse DSS at 10 years than female patients. This disparity seems to be due to higher grade and stage in male patients at presentation. After accounting for these two factors, the prognosis of male patients was not found to be significantly different from that of female patients.
The Effect of Vibrissae on Subjective and Objective Measures of Nasal Obstruction
Authors: Stoddard David G. , Pallanch John F. , Hamilton Grant S.
Published: September 2015

Background

Nasal congestion and/or obstruction represents a prevalent and extensively studied problem. No published research exists that describes the impact of nasal hair (vibrissae) on nasal obstruction.

Objective

To assess the impact of nasal vibrissae on subjective and objective measurements of nasal obstruction.

Methods

In this prospective study, 30 healthy participants without nasal symptoms were assessed for baseline vibrissae density and were treated with a topical decongestant. The subjects were then asked to subjectively assess nasal breathing by using four questions from the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation instrument before undergoing rhinomanometry. Nasal vibrissae were then trimmed, and the participants repeated the subjective and objective assessments. Pre- and postintervention outcomes, including symptom scores, nasal airflow, and resistance, were compared by using statistical analysis.

Results

Statistically significant improvement was noted in subjects’ nasal airway specific symptom scores and in objective measurements of their nasal airway. Patients with moderate or many vibrissae at baseline were noted to have greater likelihood of improvement in subjective and objective obstruction assessments than patients rated with few.

Conclusion

In these 30 subjects, statistically significant improvement occurred in both subjective and objective assessments of nasal obstruction, particularly in patients with greater density of vibrissae. These findings support further study of the potential benefit of the reduction of vibrissae density in some patients with nasal obstruction.
Serum Indolamine 2,3 Dioxygenase as a Marker in the Evaluation of Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Refaat Maged Mohamed , Abdel Rehim Asmaa Saber Mostafa , El-Sayed Hoda Mohammed , Mohamed Nesrine Aly , Khafagy Ahmed Gamal
Published: September 2015

Background

Allergic rhinitis occurs on exposure to a known allergen and is correlated with a positive skin test and physical examination results. Tryptophan is a substrate of many important proteins, e.g., indolamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO). IDO, an immunomodulator, is a metabolic enzyme induced by immune activation. It has a significant role in allergic reactions. T-helper 2 cell is proposed to affect the expression of IDO.

Aim

To evaluate IDO levels in patients with allergic rhinitis compared with controls and its relationship to the severity of allergic rhinitis.

Methods

This case-control study included 20 patients who were atopic and with allergic rhinitis who attended the allergy clinic of Ain Shams University Hospitals. Twenty age- and sex-matched patients who were not atopic were included as controls. An allergic rhinitis diagnosis was made according to the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma document. Complete history taking, physical examination, skin-prick test, complete blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), IDO concentration, and nasal smear for eosinophils were done for the patients.

Results

There was a significant increase in IDO levels in allergic rhinitis in comparison with subjects without allergy (p < 0.001). IDO was positively correlated with total IgE levels (p < 0.037). There was an insignificant relationship among IDO levels and age, sex, duration of the disease, severity score, nasal and blood eosinophilia, and number of positive allergens.

Conclusion

IDO plays an important role in patients with atopic symptomatic allergic rhinitis, especially with increased levels of IgE. There is no relationship between IDO levels and severity of disease.
Case Definitions for Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Administrative Data: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lui Justin T. , Rudmik Luke
Published: September 2015

Background

The use of administrative data for pharmacoepidemiology research on chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has become increasingly popular. Although large sample sizes and ease of accessibility have made electronic health data an attractive data option, the risk of inaccurate cohort identification can lead to biased outcomes.

Objectives

The objectives of this systematic review were to (1) report current case definitions for CRS used in administrative data base research, and (2) define the various administrative data bases used for CRS research.

Methods

Medical literature data bases were searched from the date of their inception to February 1, 2015. Included studies were publications that obtained CRS-specific data from a health records data base. Studies were excluded if they evaluated a non-CRS cohort, failed to use or report an international classification of disease (ICD) code in the case definition, or published in a non-peer-reviewed journal.

Results

Of the 27 studies that met inclusion criteria, 8 different CRS case definitions were identified and 13 administrative data bases were evaluated. Of the 8 different CRS case definitions identified, only one was validated. The most commonly used CRS case definition was the ICD-9 473.x code alone.

Conclusion

To optimize the accuracy of pharmacoepidemiologic research for CRS that used administrative data, it is important to apply appropriate case definitions for CRS. Various nonvalidated CRS case definitions are currently being used in administrative data base research. There is a need to develop a generalizable and validated ICD-based CRS case definition to increase the accuracy of future pharmacoepidemiologic research.
Marktverhalten öffentlicher Forstbetriebe in Graubünden und im Aargau
Authors: Olschewski Roland , Schaller Markus , Dittgen Alexandra , Lemm Renato , Kimmich Christian , Markovic Jelena , Thees Oliver
Published: September 2015

Market behaviour of public forest enterprises in the Cantons Graubünden and Aargau

We present production-, industrial-, and institutional economic approaches to analyse the market behaviour of public forest enterprises in the Cantons Aargau and Graubünden. The goal is to improve the understanding of the market behaviour of wood market participants, and to assess the availability of wood under different conditions. The analyses are based on surveys as well as choice and trust experiments. Besides structural forest characteristics, forest economic aspects as well market structures and institutional particularities are presented. Comparing the study cantons reveals that not only the intensity of utilization varies, but also the preferred marketing channel structures. While in Graubünden about 80% of the stem wood is sold via bundling organisations and forest contractors, in Aargau direct selling prevails with about 70%. Long-term business relations dominate in both cantons. The presented results feed into a computer-based analysis of various wood market situations.