bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of MYCN non-amplified neuroblastoma subgroups points towards molecular signatures for precision prognosis and therapy stratification
Authors: Hu Xiaoxiao , Zhou Yilu , Hill Charlotte , Chen Kai , Wu Yeming , Li Zhongrong , Cheng Cheng , Liu Xiaowei , Duan Peiwen , Ewing Rob , Gu Yaoyao , Wu Zhixiang , Wang Yihua
Published: May 2021

Despite the extensive study of MYCN-amplified neuroblastomas, there is a significant unmet clinical need in MYCN non-amplified neuroblastomas. In particular, the extent of heterogeneity within the MYCN non-amplified population is unknown. Here, we investigate whether transcriptional subtyping of MYCN non-amplified neuroblastomas can identify molecular subtypes with discrete prognosis and therapeutic vulnerabilities. Using tumour expression data and ConsensusClusterPlus, we demonstrate that MYCN non-amplified neuroblastomas are heterogeneous and can be classified into 3 subgroups based on their transcriptional signatures. Within these groups, subgroup 2 has the worst prognosis and this group shows a "MYCN" signature that is potentially induced by the overexpression of Aurora Kinase A (AURKA); whilst subgroup 3 is characterised by an "inflamed" gene signature. The clinical implications of this subtype classification are significant, as each subtype demonstrates unique prognosis and vulnerability to investigational therapies. We propose that matching baseline tumour subtype to therapy may enhance precision prognosis and therapy stratification for patients with MYCN non-amplified neuroblastomas.Xiaoxiao Hu and Yilu Zhou contributed equally to this work. Correspondence should be addressed to YW (e-mail: yihua.wang@soton.ac.uk) or ZW (e-mail: wuzhixiang@xinhuamed.com.cn)
Emerging hot Spot Analysis and the Spatial-temporal Trends of NDVI in the Jing River Basin of China
Authors: Xu Bin , Qi Bin , Ji Kai , Liu Zhao , Deng Lin , Jiang Ling
Published: May 2021

As an important indicator of vegetation coverage, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) reflects the changing pattern and evolving trend of the environment. In the Loess Plateau, vegetation plays a critical role in soil and water conservation, which strongly affects the achievement of sustainable development goals. The study of the spatial distribution and temporal trends of NDVI is of great practical importance for the planning of soil and water conservation measures, the evaluation of environmental situation. In this study, the NDVI, precipitation and land cover data of the Jing River Basin were collected, the emerging hot spot and cold spot patterns of NDVI were examined, the characteristics of spatial distribution and temporal variation of the NDVI in the basin were analyzed, the impacts on NDVI changes from climate, land cover change have been discussed. The results show that the NDVI in Jing River Basin shows a spatial trend of decreasing from northwest to southeast. The emerging hot spot analysis results show that diminishing cold spot, oscillating hot spot, intensifying hot spot are predominant patterns in the basin. The whole basin shows the statistically significant upward trend of high-value aggregation of NDVI. The temporal trend of NDVI in the basin varies from-0.0171 to 0.0185 per year. The increasing trend of vegetation coverage in the basin is statistically significant. The positive correlation between the NDVI and the precipitation mainly observed upstream of the basin, revealing that the growth of vegetation in the Loess Plateau is more dependent on the water supply from the precipitation. Land cover transition patterns and the land use patterns also impact the spatial-temporal trends of the vegetation coverage in the basin. The study results may helpful for the vegetation restoration, soil and water conservation and sustainable development of the Jing River Basin.
Research on Reasonable Width of Coal Pillars of Non-equal Width Isolated Working Face Heading Goaf in Deep Mine
Authors: yang weili , wei Quande , Wang Zhonghui , Zhang Zhizeng , Qu Xiaocheng , Wen Jinglin
Published: May 2021

Setting reasonable coal pillar is a key to ensure safe mining of island coal face heading goaf in deep mine. With determination of reasonable width of coal pillars of non-equal width isolated working face 3201 in worked-out area in one mine in Shandong as the engineering background, a research was conducted on the mechanism of rock burst induced by and the reasonable width of coal pillars of isolated working face in worked-out area and the main conclusions are as follows: (1) the coal pillars of isolated working face 3201 in worked-out area changed from pillars with goaf on two sides→pillars with goaf on three sides→pillars with goaf on four sides, resulting in evolution of overlying strata from pre-mining static “┒-shaped” structure→“C-shaped” structure→“O-shaped” structure and corresponding spatial stress from “saddle-shaped” profile→“platform-shaped” profile→“arch-shaped” profile; (2) the rock burst was induced by coal pillars, because the high stress on coal pillars at critical state of a rock burst was greater than their comprehensive strength and induced a rock burst due to sudden instability; (3) by establishing a bearing and load model of coal pillars at critical state of a rock burst and based on the equilibrium relation, an method for estimating reasonable width of coal pillars of isolated working face in worked-out area in deep mine was derived and applied to the isolated working face 3201 in worked-out area, thus comprehensively determining that the width of coal pillars should be 130m. The field stress monitoring verified the reasonability. The research result is of great significance to prevention of rock burst induced by coal pillars of isolated working face in worked-out area in deep mine.
Influence of C14 Alkane Stress on Antioxidant Defense Capacity, Mineral Nutrient Elements Accumulation and Cadmium Uptake of Ryegrass
Authors: Yuan Lizhu , Guo Penghong , Guo Shuhai , Wang Jianing , Huang Yujie
Published: May 2021

In order to explore the influence of C14 alkane on physiological stress responses, mineral nutrient elements uptake, cadmium (Cd) transfer and uptake characteristics of Lolium perenne L. (ryegrass), a series of pot trials were conducted which included a moderate level of Cd (2.182 mg·kg− 1) without (control) and with five levels of C14 alkane (V/m, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%). Biomass and Cd content in the root and shoot, chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzymes activity, mineral nutrient elements in the shoot of ryegrass were determined at the end of the experiment. The results indicated that Cd uptake significantly elevated at 0.1% C14 alkane treatment, then gradually decreased with the increase of C14 alkane concentration. Compared with the control, chlorophyll content was significantly suppressed and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration obviously increased. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and catalase (CAT) activity significantly increased to prevent the C14 alkane stress. With the increased of C14 alkane, the Mn concentration gradually increased, Mg and Fe significantly decreased. Correlation analysis showed that Mn was positively correlated with SOD (with the exception of 2% treatment) and CAT (p < 0.01), and negatively correlated with Cd uptake (p < 0.01). It implied that the increase of Mn induced by C14 alkane stress was an important reason for the decrease of Cd uptake.
Risk Decision-making Technology in Gas Reservoir Development at Sichuan Basin
Authors: Yu Guo , Li Haitao , Chen Yanru , Liu Linqing , Dongming Zhang
Published: May 2021

During the development of complex gas reservoirs, the risk decision-making problem often emerges. Thus, the study on risk assessment is an important tool used to identify potential hazards and create appropriate avoidance measures accordingly. Based on the analysis of seven types of risk factors in gas reservoir development planning, this paper aims to clarify the logical relationship between the risk factors in the strategic planning of natural gas development. The comprehensive research on target risks in the gas reservoir development planning based on stochastic simulation was carried out. The “probability curve scanning method” was used to evaluate objective risk factors, while the decision-making risk factors were evaluated using the “probability curve displacement method”. According to the realization probability and dispersion degree of the planned target combined with the risk grade evaluation matrix, the planning target evaluation risk grade was implemented. Moreover, the planning unit risk grade evaluation was obtained at different stages. Regarding the specific production capacity conditions in gas wells (horizontal and vertical wells) and gas reservoir water invasion – the probability method with Monte Carlo stochastic simulation was used to calculate the production and water invasion volumes. The established decision-making risk technology for gas reservoir development, along with the associated supporting procedures can be used to evaluate the risks of reservoir development planning, production, and water invasion.
Distribution Characteristics of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Human Urines of Acrylic Fiber Plant and Chemical Plant
Authors: Peng Lin , Xu Wang , Zeng Qinghuai , Cheng Yao , Zhang Yingjie , Guo Ying , Chen Da , Jiang Chao , Wang Fei
Published: May 2021

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent and bio-accumulative substances that have many adverse effects on human bodies. This study investigated the PFASs distribution characteristics in urine samples of workers from an acrylic fiber plant and a chemical plant. It was found that perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) was the predominant PFASs both in urine samples from the chemical plant (detection frequency: 86.52%; median value: 39.01 ng/mL) and the acrylic fiber plant (detection frequency: 88.16%; median value: 44.36 ng/mL). Meanwhile, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) were detected with very low frequencies and low concentrations. Furthermore, the results showed that PFASs levels in urine samples of workers from different units of the plants were quite different. PFASs concentrations of urine samples in males were higher than those in females, especially for PFBA, PFHxA, and PFDoA. The age had limited effects on the PFASs distribution in urine samples in this study, as short-chain PFASs were the dominant compounds. The correlations between PFASs concentrations in urine and gender/ages of workers were finally analyzed by Person correlation. The overall results may indicate that short-chain PFASs (such as: PFBA and PFBS) were becoming dominant for human exposure, especially occupational workers.
Pcyt2 Deficiency Causes Age-Dependant Development of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Insulin Resistance that Could be Attenuated with Phospho-Ethanolamine
Authors: Grapentine Sophie , Singh Rathnesh K. , Basu Poulami , Sivanesan Sugashan , Mattos Gabriela , Oresajo Oreoluwa , Cheema Jasmine , Demeke Wendwesen , Dolinsky Vernon W. , Bakovic Marica
Published: May 2021

The mechanisms of NASH development in the context of age and genetics are not fully elucidated. This study investigates the age-dependent liver defects during NASH development in mice with heterozygous deletion of Pcyt2 (ETKO), the rate limiting enzyme in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) synthesis. Further, the therapeutic potential of Pcyt2 substrate, phosphoethanolamine (PEtn), is examined. ETKO were investigated at 2, 6 and 8 months of age and in addition, 6-mo old ETKO with developed NASH were supplemented with PEtn for 8 weeks and glucose and fatty acid metabolism, insulin signaling, and inflammation were examined. Heterozygous ablation of Pcyt2 causes specific transcriptional and signaling adaptations in lipid/fatty acids and energy metabolism regulators from young age, prior to the development of liver disease which does not occur until adulthood. Only older ETKO liver experiences perturbed protein, glucose, and fatty acid metabolism. Older ETKO liver develops NASH characterized by increased glucose production, accumulation of TAG and glycogen, and increased insulin resistance and inflammation. Supplementation with PEtn reverses ETKO steatosis, inflammation, and other aspects of NASH, showing that was directly caused by Pcyt2 deficiency. Pcyt2 deficiency is a novel mechanism of metabolic dysregulation due to reduced membrane ethanolamine phospholipid synthesis, and the metabolite PEtn offers therapeutic potential for NASH reversion.
Effective Fluoride Gel Application on Deciduous Tooth Enamel by Low Temperature Atmospheric Plasma
Authors: Kim Young-Min , Nam Seoul-Hee , Lee Hyun-Young , Kim Gyoo-Cheon
Published: May 2021

Background: Low temperature atmospheric plasma has been studied in biomedical fields but the fluoride application effect of plasma on deciduous teeth has not been studied. This study examined the fluoride application effect of plasma devices (low frequency helium and microwave argon plasma) on the enamel surface of deciduous teeth.Methods: In the tooth specimens of the control group, only 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel was applied, whereas APF gel and plasma were applied to the specimens of the experiment group. The fluoride on the enamel surface was measured at different treatment times, and its retentivity was also observed over a 4 week period using an electron probe micro analyzer, which is a strong detector of fluoride. The study protocol was reviewed by the Institutional Review Board (IRB; PNUDH-2014-026) of Pusan National University Hospital.Results: More fluoride was measured and maintained in the experiment group than the control group, and the amount of coated fluoride increased with increasing applied frequency. A comparison of two types of plasma revealed the microwave argon plasma to have a higher application effect of fluoride than the low frequency helium plasma. This study suggests that fluoride application using plasma could be an effective and lasts longer than the method of applying only fluoride. Conclusion: The fluoride application with low temperature atmospheric plasma which is safe device is an innovative method to prevent dental caries and decrease number of visiting to dental clinic in children.
Fall of Ground Management Through Underground Joint Mapping: Shallow Chrome Mining Case Study
Authors: Netshilaphala Vhutali , Zvarivadza Tawanda
Published: May 2021

Joint properties and useful mapping techniques are key to the fall of ground management in underground mining. The study analysed the fall of ground management techniques at the mine with a view to identify the causal factors of the falls of ground. This paper practically demonstrates how two mapping techniques were used to obtain joint data. A brief description of geological discontinuities at the study area is given in the paper. Joint mapping was carried out in both the North and South sections of the mine. Procedures followed when collecting joint data are also provided. The collected joint data was used to evaluate rock fall probability. Rockfall probabilistic analysis carried out in the study indicates that about 80% of all key blocks formed are 1m3 in size. Results show that larger blocks are more likely to fail through the rotation. Furthermore, to prevent small blocks from falling between support units, areal coverage is suggested in heavily jointed rock masses. Probabilistic analysis can be used to evaluate the probability of rock falls, and support design for stability enhancement. The research noted that at the centre of effective falls of ground management are accurate and precise structural/joint mapping. This research is part of an MSc Engineering study.
The Abnormal Expression of HSP70 Is Related to Treg / Th17 Imbalance in PCOS Patients
Authors: Yang Yiqing , Xia Jing , Yang Zhe , Wu Gengxiang , Yang Jing
Published: May 2021

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disease with chronic nonspecific low-grade inflammation. The imbalance of immune cells exists in PCOS. Several studies have found that heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) may be involved in the immunological pathogenesis of PCOS, but the relationship between HSP70 and Regulatory T cell (Treg)/ T helper cell 17(Th17) ratio remains unclear. This study aims to explore the correlation between HSP70 and Treg/Th17 ratio, and to find out the role of HSP70 in the immunological etiology of PCOS.Results: There was no significant difference in age and body mass index (BMI) between two groups. The concentrations of basal estradiol (E2), basal follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) didn’t show significant difference between two groups. The concentrations of basal luteinizing hormone (LH) (P < 0.05), testosterone (T) (P < 0.01), glucose (P < 0.001) and insulin (P < 0.001) in PCOS patients were significantly higher than those in control group. The expressions of HSP70 were significantly higher in serum in the PCOS group (P < 0.001). The percentage of Treg cells was significantly lower (P < 0.05), while the percentage of the Th17 cells of the PCOS group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The ratio of Treg/Th17 in PCOS group was significantly lower (P < 0.001). The concentrations of Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17 and IL-23 were significantly higher, while the levels of IL-10 and Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were significantly lower in PCOS group (P < 0.001). Spearman rank correlation analysis showed strong negative correlation of serum HSP70 levels with Treg/Th17 ratio, IL-10 and TGF-β levels. In contrast, HSP70 levels were significantly positively correlated with IL-6, IL-17, IL-23, LH, T, insulin, and glucose levels.Conclusion: The abnormal expression of HSP70 is correlated with Treg/Th17 imbalance and corresponding cytokines, which indicates that HSP70 may play an important role in PCOS immunologic pathogenesis.
Facilitators and barriers to detection and treatment of depression, anxiety and experiences of domestic violence in pregnant women attending Midwife Obstetric Units (MOUs) in Cape Town, South Africa: A qualitative study
Authors: Abrahams Zulfa , Boisits Sonet , Schneider Marguerite , Honikman Simone , Lund Crick
Published: May 2021

Background: In South Africa, symptoms of common mental disorders (CMDs) such as depression and anxiety are highly prevalent during the perinatal period and linked to experiences of domestic violence. However, limited routine detection and treatment is available to pregnant women with these problems, even though evidence suggests that screening and treating CMDs during pregnancy improves the health and economic outcomes of mothers and their children, and has been suggested as a key approach to improving the health of perinatal women and children. We investigated facilitators and barriers of service-providers and service-users in detecting and treating pregnant women with symptoms of CMDs and experiences of domestic violence. Methods: This study was conducted in four midwife obstetric units (MOUs) in Cape Town, South Africa, and in the NPOs providing community-based support in the communities surrounding the MOUs. Service-provider perspectives were informed by qualitative interviews with 37 healthcare workers providing care to pregnant women. Qualitative interviews with 38 pregnant women attending the same MOUs for their first antenatal care visit provided service-user perspectives. Results: Facilitators identified included the availability of a mental health screening questionnaire and the perceived importance of detection and treatment by both service-providers and -users. Barriers contributing to the low detection rates included service-users concerns about the lack of confidentiality and feelings of shame related to experiences of domestic violence as well as service providers discomfort in dealing with mental health issues, their limited time available and heavy patient load. In addition, service-providers highlighted the lack of standardised referral pathways and the poor uptake of referrals by women with symptoms of depression and anxiety, or experiences of domestic violenceConclusions: While the system-level barriers need to be addressed at a policy level, the patient- and provider-level barriers identified indicate the need to strengthen health systems by training antenatal care nurses to detect symptoms of CMDs and experiences of domestic violence in pregnant women, developing standardised referral pathways and training lay healthcare workers to provide treatment for mild symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Prognostic Factors of Complications After Thoracoscopic Lobectomy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer-A Retrospective Study
Authors: Wang Kai , Xia Derun , Yin Yi , Wang Yu , Sun Sibo , Zhang Mingjiong , liu Wen , Wu Shuangshuang , Peng zhihang , Wu Jianqing
Published: May 2021

Background: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, safe and minimally invasive, is the first strategy recommended for non-small cell lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors for postoperative cardiopulmonary complications (including cardiac and pulmonary complications) in patients with NSCLC who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS).Methods: We retrospectively collected information of 3142 lung cancer patients undergoing VATS tumor resection at Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital from January 2017 to June 2018, and established a clinical prediction model using the factors selected by univariate analysis.Results: A total of 305 in 3142 patients developed postoperative cardiopulmonary complications. In univariate analysis, age, PNI, CCI, long-term smoking history before surgery, conversion to thoracotomy, albumin before surgery, pre-albumin, Δalbumin and pleura adhesion were all associated with cardiac and pulmonary complications. Multivariate analysis showed that age, PNI, CCI, long-term smoking history before surgery, conversion to thoracotomy, pre-albumin, Δalbumin were important independent risk factors for complications. Finally, age, PNI, CCI, long-term smoking history before surgery, conversion to thoracotomy, Δalbumin variables were included in the model (AUC=0.743).Conclusion: Nutritional status (PNI, pre-albumin), CCI, age, long-term smoking history before surgery, conversion to thoracotomy were all independent risk factors for postoperative complications and poor prognosis. Experienced surgeons should instruct the operation of high-risk patients to avoid long-term hospitalization and possible poor prognosis after surgery.
Influence of Poisson Effect of Compression Anchor Grout on Interfacial Shear Stress
Authors: bingxiong tu , Chao Liu , Lihua Zhang , Haitao Wang
Published: May 2021

The distribution and magnitude of the shear stress at the interface between the grout of a compression anchor rod and rock are strongly affected by the Poisson effect. To quantitatively analyze the influence of the Poisson effect on the interfacial shear stress of compression anchor rods, the equations for calculating the axial force and interfacial shear stress at the grout cross section in the anchorage section are derived in this paper, accounting for the Poisson effect of the grout. Based on the analytical solution, a new equation of the influence coefficient of the Poisson effect is proposed to quantitatively evaluate the influence of the Poisson effect on the interfacial shear stress. Distributions of the interfacial shear stress and the influence coefficient of the Poisson effect are analyzed with different parameter values. There is a neutral point in the anchorage section near the bearing plate, at which the magnitude of the shear stress is not affected by the Poisson effect. When the Poisson effect is considered, the interfacial shear stress from the neutral point to the bearing plate increases, and the distribution curve becomes steep. However, the interfacial shear stress far from the neutral point is low, and the distribution curve becomes smooth. Overall, the Poisson effect leads to a more nonuniform distribution of the shear stress at the interface of the compression anchor rod. A larger Poisson's ratio, smaller elastic modulus, and smaller diameter of the grout lead to a greater influence of the Poisson effect. Furthermore, a larger elastic modulus of rock leads to a greater influence of the Poisson effect. The Poisson's ratio of rock and that of grout both affect the Poisson effect greatly, but the influence of the variation in the Poisson’s ratio of rock on the Poisson effect is negligible. A larger interface friction angle leads to a greater influence of the Poisson effect.
Alkali Activation of Fly Ash in the Presence of Sodium Nitrate
Authors: Ofer-Rozovsky Ela , Bar-Nes Gabriela , Katz Amnon , Haddad Michal Arbel
Published: May 2021

The use of fly ash as a precursor for geopolymer has been investigated during the last decades for various applications. The aim of this research was to study the effect of nitrate on the formation and evolution of fly ash-based geopolymers, in order to assess their applicability as waste immobilization matrices. These may be of interest in order to treat waste streams from agricultural runoff and various industries including the nuclear industry. Fly ash was alkali-activated using NaOH solutions of various alkalinities, to which nitrates were added as NaNO3. The samples were cured at 40֯C for different periods and characterized by X-Ray diffractometry, Fourier transform mid-Infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and compressive strength measurements. The content of neo-formed crystalline phases in fly ash-based geopolymers was found to be lower than in metakaolin-based systems studied previously. The nature of the minerals formed in nitrate-free samples differed from those obtained in corresponding metakaolin-based geopolymers. Nevertheless, the dominant phase formed in the presence of nitrate at sufficiently high alkalinity was nitrate-cancrinite, as reported for metakaolin-based geopolymers, regardless of the type of fly-ash used. Although the presence of nitrates was found to have a promoting effect on the geopolymerization process of metakaolin-based geopolymers, it was found to inhibit the processes in fly-ash-based geopolymers.The formation of crystalline phases in FA-based geopolymers suggests that these materials may be used for immobilizing various hazardous species, while FA-based geopolymers containing the nitrate-cancrinite can be considered as a promising candidate for immobilizing radionuclides from radioactive wastes.
A Descriptive Study of Sports Chiropractors
Authors: Nelson Luke , Pollard Henry , Ames Rick , Jarosz Brett , Garbutt Pete , Costa Cliff Da
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND:This paper describes the education and case management profile of sports chiropractors with the Federation of International Sports Chiropractors (FICS) postgraduate qualification: International chiropractic sport science practitioner (ICSSP). The ICSSP is the predominant international sports chiropractic qualification.METHODS:A 39-item web-based survey examining practitioner, practice and clinical management characteristics was distributed via email to all sports chiropractors who hold an ICSSP (n = 240) in 2015. RESULTS:The survey response rate was 64% (n = 154). The average age of the chiropractors was 31-40 years, just over three quarters were male and have been in practice for 5-10 years. The majority of respondents were based in North America.Sports chiropractors treat a wide range of musculoskeletal conditions with multimodal care (active and passive) and treat professional, semi-professional and Olympic athletes. Sports chiropractors have referral and co-management relationships with a range of conventional and allied health providers.CONCLUSIONS: There is often a lack of knowledge and misinformation about the background of sports chiropractors. This study refutes a number of commonly held misbeliefs, and describes a workforce that is well educated, treat high-level athletes, utilise a multimodal approach to management, treat a wide variety of non-spinal musculoskeletal conditions, frequently prescribe rehabilitative exercise, and refer to and co-manage with other members of the sports medicine team.Trial registration: This study was approved by the RMIT University, SEH College Human Ethics Advisory Network (ASEHAPP 52-14 AMES)
Clinicopathological Characteristics and Survival Outcomes in Mammary Paget's Disease: a Retrospective Study Based on a Chinese Population
Authors: Han Bo-yue , Xu Xiao-li , Zhu Xiu-zhi , Han Xiang-chen , Hu Xin , Ling Hong
Published: May 2021

Background: Mammary Paget's disease (PD) is a rare type of breast cancer. Most cases of PD is presented with underlying ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive breast carcinoma (IDC). This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes of PD patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 406 patients diagnosed with PD with IDC/DCIS at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) were recruited as the PD group, 1218 patients diagnosed with IDC/DCIS alone during the same period were selected as the non-PD group, and the clinicopathological results of these two groups were compared. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to investigate the clinicopathological features between PD and non-PD patients for validation. Then, a matched group study was performed to compare the survival of PD and non-PD patients.Results: Compared with the non-PD group, the PD group was much more likely to have larger (≥2 cm: 43.1% vs. 35.5%, P<0.001), less hormone receptor (HR)-positive (68.5% vs. 26.6%, P<0.001), more human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2)-positive (70.7% vs. 27.5%, P<0.001) and higher Ki-67 proportion (51.5% vs. 42.5%, P<0.001) tumors. The HER-2 overexpression subtype accounted for the largest proportion in the PD-IDC group and the lowest proportion in the non-PD-IDC group (54% vs. 8%, P<0.01). Moreover, the PD group had significantly worse disease-free survival (DFS) than the non-PD group (5-year DFS: 91.8% vs. 97.3%, P=0.001), and the SEER database showed a similar trend. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses demonstrated that PD was an independent poor-risk factor for breast cancer survival. Our matched study showed that the PD group had worse survival than the non-PD group after excluding age, HR, HER-2, tumor size and lymph node status.Conclusions: PD with IDC/DCIS is associated with more aggressive tumor characteristics and worse survival outcomes. More than half of PD breast cancers are of the HER-2 overexpression subtype. PD is an independent poor-risk factor for breast cancer survival.
Dietary Effect of Padina boergesenii on Growth, Immune Response and Disease Resistance against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Cirrhinus mrigala.
Authors: C Ragunath , C Ramasubramanian
Published: May 2021

Seaweeds are potential renewable resources in the aquatic environment. The present study was made to evaluate the influence of seaweed Padina boergesenii incorporated with basal diet in different concentrations. The Phyto-constituents of the seaweeds were characterized by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. Diets were formulated to include seaweed meal at elevated levels from 0.5%, 2.5%, 4.5% and 6.5%. The C. mrigala fed with P.boergesenii incorporated with basal diet for a period of 45 days. The Growth parameters (weight gain, Specific growth rate) and biochemical constituents were observed significantly. The fraction of extracts showed effective inhibitory activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hence, this study suggests that extracts of seaweed P. boergesenii, contain potential bioactive compounds with considerable antibiotic activity.
Forest Fragmentation Slows the Decomposition of Coarse Woody Debris in a Subtropical Forest
Authors: Wu Chunsheng , Shu Chunjie , Li Baoyong , Zhang Zhijian , Li Yanyan , Zhang Yi , Liu Yuanqiu
Published: May 2021

Forest fragmentation is increasing rapidly around the world, and edge effects caused by fragmented forests can influence ecosystem functions and ecological processes, including coarse woody debris (CWD) decomposition. Understanding the influencing mechanisms of edge effect on CWD decomposition is needed to assess the effects of forest fragmentation on C cycling and storage. We measured rates of mass loss of CWD of Cinnamomum camphora and Pinus taiwanensis over two years at two distances (0-5m vs. 60m) from a forest edge at two altitudes (215 and 1400 m a.s.l.), in a subtropical forest. In addition, we determined the microbial community of each CWD and the soil beneath via phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs). Mass loss of CWD 60 m from the forest edge was > 15 % greater than that at the edge (0-5m). Mass loss was positively correlated with the abundance of microbial community and moisture content of the decaying CWD. Distance from edge explained 17.4% of the total variation of the microbial abundance in CWD. The results indicated that the reduced abundance of microbial communities and moisture content at forest edges reduced rates of decomposition of CWD. Long-term experiments with more tree species and more forest types are needed to assess the edge effect's generality.
Phylogenetic and Codon Usage Analysis for Capsid and Replicase Genes of Porcine Circovirus 3
Authors: Yu Xianglong , Gao Kuipeng , Pi Molin , Li Huizi , Zhong Wenxia , Li Baojian , Ning Zhangyong
Published: May 2021

Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is a highly contagious virus belonging to the family Circoviridae that causes the severe dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome. To date, PCV3 has a worldwide distribution and bring huge economic loss in swine industry. Replicase protein (Rep) and capsid protein (Cap) are two major proteins of PCV3. Considering that the large number of new PCV3 isolates were reported in the past few years and the research for the codon usage pattern of Rep and Cap genes was still a gap, phylogenetic and codon usage analysis of these two genes was performed. Phylogenetic analysis with all strains showed no clear clusters were displayed, but almost all strains of one genotype were separated into same clade. Relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) analysis revealed that the codon usage bias existed and effective number of codon (ENC) analysis showed that the bias was slight low. ENC-GC3s plot indicated that mutational pressure and other factors both play a role in PCV3 codon usage and neutrality plot analysis showed that natural selection was the main force influencing the codon usage pattern. In summary, the results provided the important basic data on codon usage pattern of Rep and Cap genes, and a better understanding of the evolution and potential origin of PCV3.
Zoledronic Acid Induces Early Changes of VEGF Levels in Women With Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Authors: Bellone Federica , Catalano Antonino , Sottile Angelo Ruggero , Gaudio Agostino , Loddo Saverio , Corica Francesco , Morabito Nunziata
Published: May 2021

Zoledronic acid (Zol) is a widely used intravenous aminobisphosphonate to treat both benign and malignant skeletal diseases, and bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a serious side effect whose pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) has been recognized to mediate BRONJ in cancer patients undergoing Zol treatment, however data on VEGF are lacking in patients with osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of Zol on VEGF levels in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis.28 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis were enrolled and randomized into 2 groups to receive Zol (5 mg) or placebo. At baseline, at day-3 and day-30 VEGF serum levels were measured; bone turnover markers, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and serum calcium were evaluated at baseline.In Zol-treated women, VEGF increased significantly on day-3, and then decreased on day-30. The VEGF change (-18% at day-30 vs. baseline, p=0.01) was significantly associated with 25(OH)D levels, after correcting for age, BMI, time since menopause, femoral neck BMD, osteocalcin, C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen and baseline VEGF levels.For the first time, we detected early modifications of circulating VEGF in postmenopausal women receiving Zol for osteoporosis, identifying a vitamin D-dependent modulation of these changes.
A Top Side-Pouring Twin-Roll Caster for 3.0 Wt.% Si Steel
Authors: Xuan Dongpo , zhou cheng , Zhou You , Jiang Tianliang , Zhu Biji , Fan Wenhao , Jia Yangguang
Published: May 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Polarity Based Model for Guiding Medical School Strategy During Crisis - A Cross Sectional Qualitative Study
Authors: Ahmed Samar A. , Kumar Archana Prabu , Wasfy Nourhan F. , Hegazy Nagwa N. , Abouzeid Enjy , Hassanien Mohammed A , Shehata Mohamed H. , Kayser W. Cliff , Mostafa Randa M , Khan Yawar Hayat , Hamdy Hossam
Published: May 2021

Background: Crises like the COVID pandemic in academia can best be dealt with as a polarity that needs to be leveraged rather than a problem that needs to be solved. This work aimed at utilizing the Polarity Approach for Continuity and Transformation (PACT)™ to establish a guide for medical schools during times of crisis to minimize the effect of crisis-driven decisions on strategic growth. Methods: A qualitative study followed the 5-Steps of the PACT process was conducted. A virtual mapping session was held with 108 medical educators from 22 countries to determine the upsides and downsides of strategic orientation and crisis management subsequently. Results: Four polarity maps were generated identifying four tension areas; University reputation, mission, teams, and individuals followed by a 72-item assessment and another mapping session to map the warning signs and action steps. A comparison between private school scores and the whole cohort of respondents showed that private schools had higher scores in all tension areas but still showed the least score for the “teams” tension. Conclusion: This study highlighted the importance of taking measures to communicate the mission and supporting team functions inside universities either by enhancing resources or utilizing time and effort-saving strategies.
Autosomal Dominant Non-Syndromic Hearing Loss Maps to DFNA33 (13q34) and Co-Segregates with Splice Site Variants in ATP11A, A Phospholipid Flippase Gene
Authors: Pater Justin , Penney Cindy , O’Rielly Darren , Griffin Anne , Shohat Mordechai , Barel Ortal , French Curtis R , Singh Sushma , Werdyani Salem , Burt Taylor , Abdelfatah Nelly , Houston Jim , Doucette Lance , Squires Jessica , Roslin Nicole , Vincent Daniel , Marquis Pascale , Woodland Geoffrey , Stanton Susan , Young Terry-Lynn
Published: May 2021

Whole genome approaches are superior for identifying recessive genes, however discovery of dominant genes including deafness genes (DFNA) remains challenging. Herein we report a new DFNA gene, ATP11A, in a Newfoundland family with a variable form of bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Targeted screening of DFNA genes based on audioprofiles was unsuccessful. Genome-wide SNP genotyping linked SNHL to DFNA33 (Lod = 4.77), a locus on 13q34 previously mapped in a German family with variable SNHL in 2009. WGS identified 51 unremarkable positional variants on 13q34. Continuous clinical ascertainment identified several key recombination events and reduced the disease interval to 769 Kb, excluding all but one variant. ATP11A (NC_000013.11: g.190616G > A) is a novel point mutation predicted to be a cryptic donor splice site. RNA studies in patient-derived tissues verified in silico predictions, revealing the retention of 153bp of intron in the 3’ UTR of several ATP11A isoforms. A second, unresolved family from Israel with a similar, variable form of SNHL and a novel duplication in exon 28 of ATP11A that occurs within the splice donor sequence (intron 28). ATP11A is a type of P4-ATPase that transports (flip) phospholipids from the outer to inner leaflet of cell membranes to maintain asymmetry. Haploinsufficiency of ATP11A, the phospholipid flippase that specially transports phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), could leave cells with PS/PE at the extracellular side vulnerable to phagocytic degradation. Given that surface PS can be pharmaceutically targeted, hearing loss due to ATP11A could potentially be treated. It is also likely that ATP11A is the gene underlying DFNA33.
Achieving High Efficiency and Pure Blue Color in Hyperfluorescence Organic Light Emitting Diodes using Organo-Boron Based Emitters
Authors: Naveen Kenkera , Lee Hyuna , Braveenth Ramanaskanda , Karthik Durai , Yang Ki , Hwang Soon , Kwon Jang Hyuk
Published: May 2021

In the field of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), organo-boron based thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have reached great achievement. However, it is still challenging to achieve pure blue color (CIE y < 0.20) along with high efficiencies. To overcome these hurdles, hyperfluorescence (HF) suggest a key strategy in future OLED applications. Here, we report two TADF materials, pMDBA-DI and mMDBA-DI. Further, a pure blue multi resonance type tert-butyl substituted fluorescence emitter, t-Bu-ν-DABNA was also synthesized. Among our synthesized TADF materials based pure blue HF devices, mMDBA-DI as TADF sensitized host with t-Bu-ν-DABNA fluorescence emitter exhibited a high external quantum efficiency of 40.7% (Lambertian assumption) along with narrow emission with full width at half maximum of 19 nm (CIE y = 0.15). Moreover, we analyzed that such high device efficiency is mainly attributed to the high orientation factor, enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield, and a good TADF characteristic of t-Bu-ν-DABNA with high Förster resonance energy transfer.
MTOR Kinase is a Therapeutic Target for Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Coronaviruses
Authors: Huynh HoangDinh , Levitz Ruth , Kahn Jeffrey
Published: May 2021

Therapeutic interventions targeting viral infections remain a significant challenge for both the medical and scientific communities. While specific antiviral agents have shown success as therapeutics, viral resistance inevitably develops making many of these approaches ineffective. This inescapable obstacle warrants alternative approaches, such as targeting host cellular factors. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the major respiratory pathogen of infants and children worldwide, causes respiratory tract infection ranging from mild upper respiratory tract symptoms to severe life-threatening lower respiratory tract disease. Despite the fact that the molecular biology of the virus, which was originally discovered in 1956, is well described, there is no vaccine or effective antiviral treatment against RSV infection. Here, we demonstrate that targeting host factors, specifically, mTOR signaling, limits RSV protein production and viral replication. Further, we show that this approach is generalizable as inhibition of mTOR kinases reduces coronavirus gene expression, protein production and replication. Overall, defining virus replication-dependent host functions may be an effective means to combat viral infections, particular in the absence of antiviral drugs.
Opportunistic Salpingectomy Versus Traditional Partial Salpingectomy at the Time of Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Raju Rubin , Rivera-chiauzzi Enid , THOMPSON Angela C. , Dow Margaret L. , TRAYNOR Kyle D. , ELLIOTT Laura L. , Wetzstein Marnie M. , Hathcock Matthew A. , Torbenson Vanessa E.
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: It is estimated that one third of women in the United States opt for permanent tubal sterilization at the time of cesarean delivery. Evidence suggests that ovarian cancer begins in the fallopian tubes. Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality of all gynecologic malignancies. There is no proven effective screening for ovarian cancer. In view of this, the Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommend considering counseling patients about prophylactic salpingectomy as an effective method of sterilization. There are limited well designed clinical trials that compare the safety and feasibility of total salpingectomy to that of traditional partial salpingectomy for tubal sterilization at the time of cesarean delivery. METHODS: We conducted a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Women age 21 years and older who were undergoing cesarean delivery and desired concomitant sterilization were enrolled between May 17, 2017 and July 16, 2018. Stratified randomization was performed based on number of previous cesarean deliveries and their Basal Metabolic Index, into a bilateral total salpingectomy group and bilateral partial salpingectomy group. All salpingectomies were performed using clamps and suture. The primary outcome was to compare the mean peri-operative hemoglobin change for both groups. Secondary objectives included sterilization completion time, postoperative length of stay, estimated blood loss, postoperative pain and adverse events. RESULTS: Of the 111 women screened, 40 were enrolled and randomized. Of these, 38 underwent the assigned procedure (18 BTS, 20 BPS). There were no demographic differences between groups. No difference in Mean ±SD hemoglobin drop between groups (1.4±0.7 g/dl for the BTS group and 1.8±1.0 g/dl for the BPS group, p=0.08). Mean time to completion of sterilization procedure was significantly longer in the BTS group (16.3±5.6 minutes for the BTS group vs 5.1±1.6 minutes for the BPS group, p < .01). No significant differences for other outcome measures.CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral total salpingectomy at the time of cesarean delivery does not increase the risk for blood loss and has similar peri-operative outcomes, with a small increase in operative time when compared to traditional bilateral partial salpingectomy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03135431, 27/04/2017
Increased Serum Levels of Cadmium are Associated with an Elevated Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults
Authors: Ma Siyu , Zhang Jie , Xu Cheng , Da Min , Xu Yang , Chen Yong , Mo Xuming
Published: May 2021

Previous studies have determined the effects of exposure to some heavy metals on cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, the association between exposure to cadmium and CVD in adults remains unclear. The relationship between serum levels of cadmium and the risk of CVD was studied by analysing available data from 38,223 participants who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2016. After adjusting for all covariates, we found that higher serum cadmium concentrations were positively related to both the overall risk of CVD (odds ratio (OR): 1.45; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22, 1.72; p for trend <0.001) and the risks of its subtypes, including congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, heart attack and stroke. Elevated levels of cadmium were associated with increased levels of lipids and inflammation parameters, including blood triglycerides, total cholesterol, white blood cells (WBCs) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Our study provided epidemiological evidence that cadmium may increase the risk of CVD by elevating blood lipids and inflammation. CapsuleHigh blood levels of Cd are associated with increased risks of overall CVD and four of the CVD subtypes