bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LEAST PROTECTIVE PART OF THE BODY DURING DENTAL CARE -- YOUR EYES
Authors: LNU Jayakumar , LNU Sonia
Published: July 2019

Protective eyewear is integral component of Personnel protective equipments (PPE) and helps contribute to a safer work environment. Protective eyewear protocol is important in reducing contamination of the mucous membranes and skin surrounding the eyes, nose as well as injury and infections. The topic of occupational eye injuries in dentistry is one that clearly requires further study, thus, this article reviews the various eye injuries and their prevention in dentistry.
Be your own donor: An insight into the technique of Autologous blood transfusion
Authors: Desai Rajendra , Theodore Johnathan , LNU Shubhalakshmi , Nesvi Kiran V.
Published: July 2019

Blood loss has a major influence on mortality and morbidity after surgery. Homologous transfusion has long been in use. With the awareness of associated complications such as risk of transmission of hepatitis and HIV associated with use of homologous transfusion, autologous blood transfusion has gained importance. This paper is an attempt to review the method of autologous blood transfusion, as well as its application in oral and maxillofacial surgery.
RECENT ADVANCES IN LOCAL ANESTHESIA - OVERVIEW
Authors: Deepti V.
Published: July 2019

The local anesthetic drugs presently available and used in dentistry represent the safest and most effective drugs in all of medicine for the prevention and management of pain. One drawback associated with intraoral local anesthesia is patients’ fear of injections .and the perception that these are painful. Recent advances have resulted in the use of computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery vehicles to regulate the delivery and rate of flow of local anesthetics at the injection site, lessening potential discomfort associated with injections. New injection techniques that provide reliable anesthesia, depending on the technique and area of anesthesia necessary have been discussed.
COMPLETE ORAL REHABILITATION OF SEVERELY MUTILATED TEETH DONE UNDER GENERAL ANAESTHESIA - A CASE REPORT
Authors: Neena I.E.
Published: July 2019

The esthetic restoration of severely mutilated primary anterior teeth has for a long time been a challenge for the pediatric dentist, not only because of the available materials and techniques, but also because the children who require such restorations are usually among the youngest and least manageable group of patients. This case report describes the challenging task of treating a three-year-old early childhood caries patient with mutilated maxillary incisors with composite resin using a custom made post made with 0.7 mm wire and posteriors where endodontic treatment has been done and stainless steel crown has been placed.
Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction - A Case Report
Authors: Kamath Rajay A. D. , Neswi Kiran V. , K.S.N. Shiva Bharani , Giri Sankar M.A.
Published: July 2019

Blood transfusion is the process of receiving blood products into one's circulation intravenously. Transfusions are used in a variety of medical conditions to replace lost components of the blood. Transfusions of blood products are associated with several complications, many of which can be grouped as immunological or infection. Acute hemolytic reactions occur with transfusion of red blood cells and are due to destruction of donor erythrocytes by preformed recipient antibodies. Most often this occurs due to clerical” errors or improper typing and cross matching. Delayed hemolytic reactions occur more frequently and are due to the same mechanism as in acute hemolytic reactions. However, the consequences are generally mild and a great proportion of patients may not have symptoms. However, evidence of hemolysis and falling hemoglobin levels may still occur. Treatment is generally not needed, but due to the presence of recipient antibodies, future compatibility may be affected. Hereby we share our experience of such a case of delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction and discussing the various measures to be taken during any such incidence and the biochemical and hematological tests to confirm the diagnosis.
Vertucci Type VII Canal Configuration In Maxillary Second Premolar - A Rare Case Report
Authors: Deepak B.S. , Benin P. , Sophia T. , Goud K. Malikarjun
Published: July 2019

Anatomical variations must be considered in clinical practice and proper radiographic evaluation must be done during endodontic treatment.

Access cavity modifications may be required for proper assessment of complex root canal anatomy. Higher magnification and illumination can be useful to recognize and locate additjonal canals. This article describes the diagnosis and clinical management of a rare case with type VII root canal anatomy in maxillary second premolar.
A NEW AND MODERN DIGNOSTIC TECHNIQUE: SWEPT-SOURCE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY (SS-OCT)
Authors: Lokhande Prakash
Published: July 2019

Innovative technique has been introduced in the field of dentistry for the purpose of diagnosis and treatment. Technologies like laser, composite curing techniques, optical imaging have been utilized in the field of dentistry. OCT(optical coherence tomography) is a recent. technique which creates cross-sectional high resolution images. SS-OCT(Swept -Source optical coherence tomography) is a variant of optical coherence tomography, which provides instant imaging with high resolution, non-invasive and ease of handling. This article provides a overview of Swept -Source OCT and its application in the field of dentistry.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SURFACE TREATMENT OF DENTAL IMPLANTS ON OSSEOINTEGRATION : A REVIEW
Authors: ROOPA K.T. , RAKSHA K.
Published: July 2019

With the introduction ofbiocompatible materials like titanium and other bio ceramics and added advantages of preservation of tooth structure, implants have created a new era in dentistry as treatment option for missing teeth. Earlier short coming oflack of bonding with bone are overcome by osseointegration property of titanium and zirconia implants. This osseointegration rate of titanium dental implants is related to surface composition, surface roughness and hydrophilicity which increase the mechanical stability of implants. The present review throws some light on various methods employed for surface modifications.

AIM & OBJECTIVE

Aim of this paper is to discuss various surface treatment methods of Implants and its effect on osseointegration.

CONCLUSION

There are various surface modified implants available. Studies have proven that these implants show better osseointegration compared to machined implants.
Influences of estrogen and progesterone on periodontium - A review
Authors: Deepa D.
Published: July 2019

Hormones exert significant influence in body physiology throughout life. Women in particular, experience hormonal variation under either physiological and non-physiological conditions, such as menstrual cycle or the use of oral contraceptives. Endocrine disturbances and hormone fluctuations affect periodontal tissues directly; they modify the tissue response to local factors and produce anatomic changes in the gingiva that may favor plaque accumulation and disease progression. Here is a brief review which focuses on hormonal influences reflected in the periodontium as they affect the physiology of host-parasite interactions in oral cavity.

How to cite this article

Deepa D. Influences of estrogen and progesterone on periodontium - A review. CODS J Dent 2014;6;26-29
Interpretation of pulp sensibility tests - A review
Authors: SHIVAMURTHY G.B , Kanav J , Ashwini J
Published: July 2019

Diagnosis can be defined as the art of distinguishing one disease from another. One of the most essential part of the diagnostic procedure for pulp disease is the use of pulp sensibility tests. When diagnosing pulp pain, these tests can be used to reproduce the symptoms reported by the patient to diagnose the diseased tooth as well as the disease state. There are several pulp sensibility tests available such as thermal tests (heat and cold stimuli), electric pulp tests (EPT), and a test cavity. But which test should be used in which condition still remains a confusion for the dentist.

How to cite this article

Kanav J, Ashwini J, Shivamurthy GB. Interpretation of pulp sensibility tests – A review. CODS J Dent 2014;6;108-111
Assessment of periodontal health status in psychiatric patients in and around Meerut city
Authors: Jain Gazal , Deepa D
Published: July 2019

Background

Mental illness affects people of all nations and at all economic levels. Psychiatric disorders affect the general behavior of a person, impair level of functioning, and alter perception. Psychiatric patients are one of the special groups requiring attention as they are often neglected because of ignorance, fear, stigma, misconception and negative attitudes. For psychiatric patients, periodontal health is a major determinant of general health and may have a low priority in the context of mental illness.

Objective

To assess periodontal health status in psychiatric patients in and around Meerut city.

Material and Methods

The study sample comprised of 100 psychiatric patients of Meerut city. Various socio-demographic variables like age, gender, parent's education, income were investigated. Dental examinations were done by measuring the following parameters of oral health: Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI, bleeding on probing (BOP), pocket probing depth (PPD). The collected data was subjected to statistical analyses.

Results and Conclusion

The results of the study suggested poor oral hygiene due to neglected personal hygiene, compromised periodontal status and lack of motivation to get the dental treatment.

How to cite this article

Gazal J, Deepa D, Sandeep C. Assessment of periodontal health status in psychiatric patients in and around Meerut city. CODS J Dent 2014;6;72-77
Zygomatic bone implants in prosthetic rehabilitation - A review
Authors: Nandeeshwar DB , Arora Neha
Published: July 2019

Dental implants are the new era in the field of dentistry providing the new opportunities to the clinicians to manage their patients with missing teeth. The procedure is more technique sensitive in maxilla than mandible. The scenario becomes even more challenging with severely resorbed maxillary arches. The idea of zygomatic bone implants put forward the new approach to manage such patients. The purpose of the present article is to describe the concept of zygomatic implantology with emphasis on case selection and clinical outcomes based on the literature.

How to cite this article

Nandeeshwar DB, Neha A. Zygomatic bone implants in prosthetic rehabilitation - A review. CODS J Dent 2014;6;90-95
Periapical healing by non-surgical intervention : A case report
Authors: Suma R , Shukla Ravikumar , Hiremath Neel Vijay , Lalwani Poonam
Published: July 2019

The rationale behind endodontics is to thoroughly disinfect the root canal system, and to provide hermetic seal which in turn ceases the progress of the periapical infection. Most of these periapical infections attributed directly or indirectly to oral microbes. Surgical interventions in larger periapical infection are sometimes accompanied by certain complications. Hence, non-surgical approach can be considered. This article presents non-surgical healing of a periapical lesion of endodontic origin associated with maxillary left central and lateral incisors, observed over a period of 6 months, using calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament.

How to cite this article

Shukla R, Hiremath NV, Lalwani P, Suma R. Periapical healing by non-surgical intervention: A case report. CODS J Dent 2015;7:42-44.
Our Experience with Correction of Angular Deformities of Knee by Flexible Figure of 8-plate Hemiepiphysiodesis
Authors: Sahoo PK , Das SK , Pradhan S , Mohanty RN
Published: July 2019

Background

Genu valgum and genu varum deformity in the lower limb in children results in cosmetic problem, gait disturbance, pain and early joint degeneration. Most of them are physiological and improve to the normal adult femorotibial angle before the age of eight years. Persistent deformities are corrected by osteotomy and internal fixation or gradual correction by external fixation. Osteotomy has got its complications. Gradual correction also can be achieved by stapling, percutaneous drill technique and transphysial screw. Stapling has drawbacks related to implant failure including migration and breakage of implants. Drilling and screwing carries risk of permanent growth arrest. The timing of epiphysiodesis has to be perfect otherwise there may be under correction or overcorrection. 8-plate temporary hemi-epiphysiodesis is a new concept and producing good results with less complication. The objective of this study is to reduplicate the results of 8- plate hemiephiphysiodesis on angular deformities of knee joint.

Methods

We attempted gradual correction through 8-plate in 31 patients with 54 angular deformities around knee. Cases were followed for 38months (range, 24 to 52months) after removal of implants. Measurements were compared pre and postoperatively.

Results

There was statistically significant improvement in all the outcome measures measured. There was gross reduction of intermalleolar distance and reduction in angular deformity.

Conclusions

8-plate hemiepiphysiodesis is an effective means for correcting angular deformity around the knee in skeletally immatured patients.
Efficacy of Diacerein in the Treatment of Osteo-arthritis of Knee
Authors: Singh U , Singh Loitongbam L Sushil , Gita Handa , Yadav S L
Published: July 2019

Osteo-arthritis, the most common joint disease of human being, presents with pain and stiffness of the affected joints, feeling of instabilities, deformities and severe loss of function of the involved joint affecting activities of daily livings as well as economic burden.

The present study evaluates the efficacy and adverse effects of diacerein, an anti-inflammatory drug now being considered as a disease modifying drug in osteo-arthritis on 38 patients. After 6 weeks of intervention, diacerein showed statistically significant superiority versus aceclofenac as assessed with WOMAC A (P<0.0001), WOMAC B (P< 0.0001), WOMAC C (P<0.0001) and secondary efficacy variable like NSAIDs (aceclofenac) intake from the baseline and at the efficacy time point at 6 weeks and 12 weeks(P<0.0001), demonstrating the better efficacy of diacerein over aceclofenac. This superiority was already evident from 6th week for all the parameters. It was more significant after completion of the study.
The Role of Musculoskeletal USG as Diagonostic Tool of CTS
Authors: Das P , Pramanik R , Kataruka M , Haldar RN , Samanta S , Bhakat D
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Over the years NCS has been used to diagnose and monitor the patients with CTS though USG has several advantages as diagnostic tool. This study has been done to find out the diagnostic accuracy of USG in CTS and to compare the efficacy of USG with standard NCS in CTS.

Prospective cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Dept. of PM&R, IPGME&R, Kolkata from 1st March, 2012 to 31st August 2012 (6 months). Patient with clinical diagnosis of CTS of age >18 year of both sexes were included in this study and on the other hand patient with previous wrist surgery /injury, wrist deformity, diabetes mellitus, anatomical variants of median nerve on ultrasound were excluded from the study.

Methodology

After getting institutional ethical committee clearance, all patients who fulfil the above criteria were included in the study and further diagnostic conformation done by the standard diagnostic criteria of NCS. The same group of patients have been also screened by ultrasonography (USG).

Results

At the end of the study, data analysis showed that sensitivity and specificity were 92.3 and 70.0% respectively. Predictive value of +test, predictive value of -test were 88.9 and 77.8% respectively. Kappa value was 0.64 (between 0.5 and 0.7). It signifies that there is good correlation between NCS and USG as diagnostic tool of CTS. The comparison of the numerical values of median latency, amplitude and CSA USG within the groups with the help of ANOVA followed by Tukey's test showed that there was good correlation between latency and amplitude in mild, moderate, severe and profound CTS but unfortunately it was not correlated with the CSA measured by USG.

Conclusion

USG can be used for screening large population of patients as it is simple, easily available, non-invasive test and has relatively low cost and useful in evaluating and excluding local causes of nerve compression.
Ultrasound Guided Trigger Point Injections in Myofascial Pain Syndrome
Authors: Prasad Shiva , LNU Vijay , Bangari Gururaj , Patil Priyanka , Sagar Spurti N
Published: July 2019

Trigger points as a cause of musculoskeletal or myofascial pain syndrome is well documented. Trigger points (Tr Ps) are tender and hypersensitive nodules seen in skeletal muscles which develop as a result of sudden or repetitive trauma to the muscles. They cause contractile state of a muscle with local or radiating pain. Active trigger points cause intense pain with limitation of movements of the muscles. The treatment involves deactivating the trigger points, usually done by various methods. Most common practice is myotherapy which involves deep tissue massage which is painful and time consuming. Dry needling and needling with anaesthetic injaection have been successfully used by many. Recently, ultrasound guidance is used to locate the trigger points and to accurately place the needle in to them to deactivate, thus preventing complications of blind procedures.
Lower Pole Release in Congenital Muscular Torticollis – Retrospective Analysis of Outcomes in 15 Cases
Authors: Gupta Ajay , Kothari S.Y
Published: July 2019

Congenital muscular torticollis is a common congenital problem. It is considered to be amenable to treatment which may be conservative or surgical. There are as yet no fixed guidelines as to the methodology or the timing of treatment. It is certainly advised to be prudent in selecting the appropriate treatment which should neither be too conservative nor over-invasive. We are reporting a series of 15 cases in which we did a unipolar release of the sternocleidomastoid muscle at the lower attachment. Retrospective analysis of 15 consecutive patients is done. During the postoperative period the parents were advised to regularly continue with the stretching exercises, focus on activities on the opposite side of the face and use a semi-rigid cervical collar, specially designed for active correction of these cases. We got very satisfactory postoperative results in most of our patients except one who had resistant deformity due to advanced age. In conclusion we would like to bring the focus back to unipolar release which is shifting unduly in favour of a bipolar release. This would also reduce the chances of the complication of accessory nerve injury. We have used the scoring system developed by Cheng et al and modifi ed by Shim in which the present cases showed improvement of 7 points with p-value of less than 0.0001
Upper Extremity Prosthesis — What Is New in It?
Authors: Gafoor S. Abdul , Mohan Raj M
Published: July 2019

Over the past 40 years, technology has dramatically affected the field of upper limb prosthesis. With improvement in the electronics industry, along with advances in the miniaturisation and mass production of electronic components, myoelectrically controlled prosthesis has become reliable and widespread in their use. Compared to lower extremity amputees, the acceptance of prosthetic replacement is less in upper extremity amputees. This may be due to different factors like functional needs, cosmetic factors, motivation of the patient, inadequate training following conventional prosthetic fitment, etc. More and more developments are going on in upper limb extremity prosthesis which will fulfill the need of the upper limb amputees. Such developments ensure better rehabilitation though cost is a limiting factor. This article is an earnest attempt to review the recent trends in upper limb prosthetics.
Awareness and Practices of Dental Care Waste Management Among Dental Practitioners In Chennai City
Authors: Ingle Navin Anand , Charania Zohara Kayamali
Published: July 2019

Objectives

To assess the dentist's awareness about dental care waste management.

To know the various methods of bio-medical waste disposal practiced by private dental practitioners in Chennai City.

To assess the awareness of dentists regarding colour coding of biomedical wastes.

Materials and Methods

A cross sectional questionnaire study was conducted among 250 private dental practitioners selected by simple random sampling. A pretested questionnaire consisting of 28 close ended questions divided into two sections was used.

Results

Out of 250 participants 167(66.8%) were males and 83(33.2%) were females. About 14.8% of the dentists were not aware of the different categories of bio-medical waste generated in their clinic. About 28% of the dentists were not aware of the bio-medical waste management law in India and the same number (28%) were not aware of the colour coding for different types of biomedical wastes.

Conclusion

The present study indicates that the majorities of the dental practitioners were not aware of the different categories of biomedical waste and are not practicing the appropriate method of waste disposal. There is an urgent need for continuing dental education on dental care waste management for the dental practitioners.
Oral Submucous Fibrosis – Review of Literature
Authors: Salvi Rohini , Gadda Rohit , Bhatia Varun , Patil Atul , Patel Varsha
Published: July 2019

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a crippling disorder which is confined almost exclusively to the Indian subcontinent. The available epediomological data showed clear cut geographical and ethnic predisposition, which suggested that certain customs/ habits prevalent among the population groups in the south-east asia might be etiological factors. Despite its association with a significantly increased risk of cancer, the etiology is still not clear. More research is needed to elucidate the problem.
Resilon-Epiphany Obturation System
Authors: Shenoy Vanitha U. , Sumanthini M.V.
Published: July 2019

For over hundred years Gutta Percha (GP) has been the most common material used for the obturation of the root canal. GP was the standard with which newer materials were tested. GP fulfills all the characteristics of an ideal root canal filling material, but has a disadvantage of not being able to seal the root canal on its own and requires a sealer for providing an effective seal. In an attempt to overcome this draw back a new root canal filling material was introduced, called, Resilon which is a thermoplastic synthetic polymer-based root canal filling material and Epiphany being the sealer. This material has the ability of forming a Monoblock with the root canal. The properties of this material has been studied, it has shown promising results and has emerged as a alternative to GP.
Management of Unstable Mandibular Denture With Neutral Zone Impression Technique
Authors: Mahadevan Janani , Ram Sabita M.
Published: July 2019

Oral functions involve unique interplay of oral structures and muscles. Any interference with their movements by a denture would result in denture instability. If the denture is placed in a zone where the displacing forces of tongue, lips, cheeks and modiolus are balanced, then the denture will be retained more effectively during function. This zone is known as neutral zone. If the denture strays outside/inside the neutral zone it will be unstable during the activities such as talking, swallowing and mastication. The neutral zone technique is used to minimize the displacing forces of the surrounding structures. This is a case report in which neutral zone impression technique was used to solve the problem of denture instability.
Evaluation of the stress distribution and displacement of the denture base in edentulous mandible with varied implant positions
Authors: Dang Meghna K. , Ram Sabita M.
Published: July 2019

Aim

To evaluate the stress distribution and displacement of the denture base in a three dimensional finite element edentulous mandibular model with varied implant positions.

Objectives

1)To evaluate the stresses induced by implants placed in the anterior region of the edentulous mandible. 2)To evaluate the stresses induced by implants placed in the anterior and posterior region of the edentulous mandible. 3)To compare the stresses induced by implants placed in the anterior and posterior region of the edentulous mandible. 4)To evaluate the displacement of the denture base with implants placed in the anterior and posterior region of the edentulous mandible.5)To compare the displacement of the denture base with implants placed in the anterior and posterior region of the edentulous mandible.

Materials and Methods

The materials used were Nobel Biocare Mk III long implants 3.75×13mm and short 5.0×7.0 implants, with O-ball head attachment. ANSYS: Version 8.0 software was used to create a threedimensional model of an edentulous mandible and the two implants. Three models were prepared having different implant positions and locations. MODEL 1 Two long implants were placed interforaminally in lateral incisor region one on either side, MODEL 2 Four long implants placed were interforaminally in the central incisor and canine region two on either side and, MODEL 3 Two long implants were placed interforaminally in lateral incisor region one on either side and two short implants were placed in premolar region 3mm posterior to the mental foramen, one on either side. Two types of load were given ie. vertical load of 325N was applied in second premolar and first molar region and 10N load at 150 angulation was applied in the anterior incisors area. The models were loaded separately and stress pattern, amount of stresses and amount of displacement were analysed for each model.

Results

The observations obtained from the ANSYS software were analysed and evaluated. Model 3 showed the least amount of stress and displacement as compared to the other models.

Conclusion

When the implants were spread across the arch both anteriorly and posteriorly, the stress induced in the bone and displacement of the denture base was seen to be less.
Management of non vital maxillary central incisors with open apex using Mineral Trioxide Aggregate apical plugs – Case report
Authors: Sumanthini M.V. , Malgaonkar Mausami A
Published: July 2019

The case report describes the treatment of maxillary central incisors with open apex, due to apical root resorption, as a consequence of trauma experienced three years earlier. Open apices pose a challenge during endodontic treatment. Several materials and methods have been widely studied and tried in the past. Obtaining an adequate apical seal is of paramount importance regardless of the material or technique used. In the present case the involved teeth were treated nonsurgically using white Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) as an artificial apical barrier. The treated teeth were asymptomatic and the follow up clinical and radiographic examination showed healing with apparent regeneration of periradicular tissues. Extrusion of MTA beyond the root end was not an obstacle in the healing process. MTA can be considered an effective material to treat infected open apex teeth with large periapical lesions.
Compound Composite Odontoma in Mandibular Symphysis – A Rare Case
Authors: Khalid Imran , Asnani Usha , Poonja Kartik , Vaidya Sushrut , Sonavane Smita , Bhardwaj Alok
Published: July 2019

Compound odontomas are considered as hamartomatous malformation rather than true neoplasms & are generally asymptomatic . The exact etiology is unknown and is often associated with the overretained deciduous teeth, most commonly in maxillary anterior region. In this case, multiple denticles or rudimentary teeth numbering 42 were enucleated from the mandibular symphysis region of 17 yr old female which makes this case rare and unusual. Evidence of concrescence, fusion, dilaceration were observed in the denticles enucleated, the size of which ranged from 2mm to 10mm.
A Comparative Evaluation of Marginal Fit of Crowns Fabricated by Three All Ceramic CAD-CAM Systems Using Their Respective Scanners - An in vitro study
Authors: Ram Sabita M. , Agarwal Niku
Published: July 2019

Aim

To evaluate and compare the marginal fit of crowns fabricated by three All Ceramic CAD-CAM systems using their respective scanners.

Objectives

1. To evaluate the marginal fit of All Ceramic crowns fabricated using Contact scanner- Procera system. 2. To evaluate the marginal fit of All Ceramic crowns fabricated using Optical scanner-Lava system. 3. To evaluate the marginal fit of All Ceramic crowns fabricated using Laser scanner-Cercon system. 4. To compare the marginal fit of crowns fabricated by three All Ceramic CAD-CAM systems using their respective scanner-Contact scanner, Optical scanner and Laser scanner.

Materials and Methods

5 crowns fabricated with Contact scanner- Procera system (Group I), 5 crowns fabricated with Optical scanner-Lava system (Group II), 5 crowns fabricated with Laser scanner-Cercon system(Group III). The marginal fit would be evaluated at two stages for each group: A- Pre-veneering stage (coping) B-Post-veneering stage (crown).

Results

The mean value of marginal gap with Group IA was 27.48 +2.63 and IB was 26.13+ 0.85 and that of Group IIA was 23.27 + 0.99 and IIB 19.22 + 0.88. The mean value of marginal gap of Group IIIA was 32.80 + 2.46 and IIIB was 28.77 + 1.94.

Conclusion

The marginal gap was maximum with Group III and minimum with group II amongst the three used systems. The mean marginal gap values of subgroup B were less than subgroup A.
Reattachment of the Original Crown Fragment
Authors: Sevekar Shrirang , Subhadra H.N
Published: July 2019

Crown fracture is the most common type of dental injuries. One of the options of management of crown fracture is fragment reattachment, whenever intact tooth fragment is available after trauma. The fragment reattachment procedure presents a conservative, simple and esthetic alternative. This article presents two case reports of restoration of fractured maxillary central incisor using fragment reattachment.
Desmoplastic Ameloblastoma
Authors: Dekate Kamlesh , Poonja L.S
Published: July 2019

According to the WHO (2005) classification of odontogenic tumors, Desmoplastic Ameloblastoma is recognized as a variant of ameloblastoma. This rare entity differs from the other forms of ameloblastoma in its anatomical location, morphology, and radiographic appearance. Due to its unusual clinic-pathological presentation, this tumor mimics various odontogenic as well as non odontogenic neoplasms. We are presenting a rare case of desmoplastic ameloblastoma in the maxilla in a 53 year old male with regards to its clinical and radiographical and histological viewpoints.
Use of a Whitening Dentifrice for Control of Chlorhexidine Stain
Authors: Tillis Terri S. I.
Published: July 2019

A major drawback to clinicians prescribing and patients using chlorhexidine rinse is the development of extrinsic staining. In order to assess the effectiveness of a whitening dentifrice in controlling chlorhexidine stain, fifty-seven subjects rinsed with chlorhexidine twice daily while brushing twice daily with either fluoridated whitening or a fluoridated regular dentifrice. Stain was assessed at 1, 2, and 3 month intervals using a stain index with two components; one with parameters for color intensity and one for tooth percentage covered with stain. Facial surfaces accumulated less stain than lingual surfaces. For many, although not all surfaces, and at many, although not all time periods, the group utilizing the whitening dentifrice exhibited less staining.

It is advantageous to recommend a whitening dentifrice that has demonstrated stain suppression when prescribing a chlorhexidine rinse. Improved patient satisfaction leading to increased compliance with the antimicrobial regimen is a desired outcome.
Anticalculus Effects of a Novel, Dual-Phase Polypyrophosphate Dentifrice: Chemical Basis, Mechanism, and Clinical Response
Authors: White Donald J. , Gerlach Robert W.
Published: July 2019

A primary patient motivation for oral hygiene is effective cleaning. Dentifrice serves this function by including ingredients such as abrasives, surfactants, and specialized cleaning ingredients such as anticalculus agents. This introductory article aims to introduce professionals, educators, and researchers on the rationale behind the development of an improved cleaning dentifrice formulation, Crest® Multicare Advanced Cleaning. This new dentifrice is based upon the application of an improved tartar control/cleaning ingredient that is a polymeric adjunct of a pyrophosphate anion commonly applied in tartar control and stain control whitening dentifrices. The polypyrophosphate anion, also referred to as sodium hexametaphosphate, produces superior activity and substantivity on oral surfaces as compared to both pyrophosphate and some other commonly used dental cleaning ingredients and cleaning/conditioning adjuncts. The increased activity and substantivity translate into significant improvements in the prevention of dental stains and supragingival calculus and in the non-abrasive removal of dental stains.

This article describes the structure of polypyrophosphate as compared to the parent pyrophosphate molecule, the rationale for its improved chemistry, and, in particular, its tartar control chemistry. In addition, the fundamental mechanisms of calculus formation and inhibition are reviewed. Lastly, a preliminary clinical study evaluating the improved efficacy of a polypyrophosphate dentifrice is described where the tartar control activity of the polypyrophosphate dentifrice is shown to be superior to that of a clinically established and marketed industry standard pyrophosphate dentifrice.
A Study of the Relationship between Helicobacter pylori and Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis Using a Urea Breath Test
Authors: Baharvand Maryam , Maleki Ziba , Alavi Kaveh , Sayyari Ali Akbar , Sayyari Leila
Published: July 2019

Aim

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)is one of the most common, well-known pathogenic agents in the development of peptic ulcers. Some investigators have shown a relationship betweenH. pyloriand recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). However, this relationship is controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the association betweenH. pyloriand RAS using the urea breath test (UBT).

Methods and Materials

Forty-three patients with RAS and 44 non-RAS controls were evaluated. There were no differences in gender or age in the two groups. The UBT was used to detectH. pyloriinfection. Data were analyzed using the Chi Square Test.

Results

Sixteen individuals in the RAS patients (37.2%) and 14 individuals in the control group (31.8%) had a positive breath test. The difference was not considered statistically significant (p=0.597).

Conclusion

In the present study no statistically significant difference was found between frequency of a positive UBT in the RAS patients and the control group.

Clinical Significance

Since the probability of a positive test was higher in the more severe cases this factor needs to be considered in the diagnosis and treatment of RAS.

Citation

Maleki Z, Sayyari AA, Alvavi K, Sayyari L, Baharvand M. A Study on the Relationship betweenHelicobacter pyloriand Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis Using a Urea Breath Test. J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 January; (10)1:009-016.
Severe Fracture of the Maxillary Alveolar Process Associated with Extrusive Luxation and Tooth Avulsion: A Case Report
Authors: Saito Célia , Gulinelli Jéssica , Cardoso Leandro , Garcia Idelmo Rangel , Panzarini Sônia , Poi Wilson , Sonoda Celso
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this report is to present a case of severe fracture of the maxillary anterior alveolar process with substantial bone dislodgement associated with extrusive tooth luxation and avulsion.

Background

Dentoalveolar trauma is a challenge to dentistry, especially in young patients, for it can lead to early tooth loss which compromises oral function, esthetics, self-esteem, and alter the long-term plan of care for the victim.

Case Report

A 12-year-old girl with severe dentoalveolar trauma to the maxillary anterior region presented for emergency care for her injury. Treatment consisted of fracture reduction of the alveolar process, repositioning of the teeth that had suffered extrusive luxation, placement of a semi-rigid splint, and suturing of soft tissue lacerations. The traumatized teeth presented with pulpal necrosis and were treated endodontically. After 24 months of follow up, the fracture of the alveolar process was completely healed and the displaced teeth presented no signs of ankylosis or root resorption.

First-aid care contributed remarkably to this case allowing the re-establishment of esthetics, function, and patient's self-esteem. In spite of trauma extension the treatment outcomes were favorable.

Clinical Significance

Cases of dentoalveolar trauma should be evaluated on an individual basis. However, early emergency management and adequate follow-up can prevent further complications and contribute to treatment success.

Citation

Saito C, Gulinelli J, Cardoso L, Garcia Jr IR, Panzarini S, Poi W, Sonoda C. Severe Fracture of the Maxillary Alveolar Process Associated with Extrusive Luxation and Tooth Avulsion: A Case Report. J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 January; (10)1:091-097.
Prosthetic Rehabilitation in a Four-year-old Child with Severe Early Childhood Caries: A Case Report
Authors: Parisotto Thaís Manzano , de Souza-e-Silva Cíntia Maria , Steiner-Oliveira Carolina , Nobre-dos-Santos Marinês , Gavião Maria Beatriz Duarte
Published: July 2019

Aim

The purpose of this case report was to describe the oral rehabilitation of a 4-year-old girl presenting early childhood caries (ECC).

Background

ECC is highly prevalent in developing countries and its severity increases with age. This disease implies serious consequences for the development of the stomatognathic system and for the child's quality of life. As young children are usually anxious about dental treatment, their level of co-operation is limited, leading to a challenging situation.

Case Report

A 4-year-old girl was brought by her mother for dental treatment with the complaint of pain. The clinical examination revealed extensive carious coronary destructions. After preventive and curative measures, the oral rehabilitation was performed; it included the use of stainless steel crowns, resin filled celluloid crowns with previous cementation of glass post pins when necessary, an amalgam restoration, orthodontic treatment, and a partial removable prosthesis. The child has been monitored in the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic at 4-monthly intervals.

The oral rehabilitation was able to reestablish the oral health in the primary arches mutilated by early childhood caries. This is important for the establishment of an adequate mixed and permanent dentition, for proper facial and maxillary growth, and to the child's psychological and social development.

Clinical Significance

The full management, including preventive, psychological, and curative measures of a young child with severe ECC was found successful after 8 months of follow up. This result can encourage the clinicians to seek a cost-effective technique such as stainless steel crowns, resin filled celluloid crowns, and partial removable prosthesis to reestablish the oral functions and improve the child's psycho-social development.

Citation

Parisotto TM, Souza-e-Silva CM, Steiner-Oliveira C, Nobre-dos-Santos M, Gavião MBD. Prosthetic Rehabilitation in a Four-year-old Child with Severe Early Childhood Caries: A Case Report. J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 March; (10)2:090-097.
A Comparison of Two Methods of Removing Zinc Oxide-eugenol Provisional Cement Residue from the Internal Surfaces of Cast Restorations
Authors: Mosharraf Ramin , Soleimani Bahram , Sanaee-Nasab Mehdi
Published: July 2019

Aim

Remnants of provisional cement on the internal surface of cast restorations can have an adverse effect on the performance of the definitive luting agent. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of eugenolcontaining temporary cement removal by an ultrasonic or an organic solvent on the retentive strength of metallic rings cemented to amalgam cores using zinc phosphate cement.

Methods and Materials

A total of 36 cylindrical amalgam cores measuring 5.9×6 mm were made by condensing amalgam in brass molds for use in this in vitro study. Thirty-six cylindrical spaces measuring 6×6 mm were machined in the center of cast rods of Rexillium III alloy to create simulated retainers. The amalgam cores were divided into two groups and provisionally cemented in these cylindrical spaces (retainers) using zinc oxide–eugenol cement. After separation of the cores from the retainers, one group was cleaned with an ultrasonic cleaning device with water and the other group was cleaned with Solitine organic solvent. All specimens were then cemented with zinc phosphate cement and the samples were stored at 100% humidity in a 37°C water bath after which they were tested with a DARTEK testing machine at a 0.02 cm/minute cross head speed. The data were analyzed using the Independent t-test.

Results

The statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the two groups (p<0.0005) with the ultrasonic group having significantly higher separation forces than the Solitine group.

Conclusion

Specimens treated with the ultrasonic cleaner showed a higher mean separation force (282.2 MPa) than the solvent group (439.5 MPa).

Clinical Significance

Despite the convenience of using an organic solvent for cleaning the internal surface of cast restorations, the ultrasonic cleaning method is more effective for removing zinc-oxide temporary cement.

Citation

Mosharraf R, Soleimani B, Sanaee-Nasab M. A Comparison of Two Methods of Removing Zinc Oxide-eugenol Provisional Cement Residue from the Internal Surfaces of Cast Restorations. J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 May; (10)3:027-034.
In vitro Pharmacodynamic Activities of Root Canal Sealers on Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Er Özgür , Sagsen Burak , Esel Duygu , Yagmur Gülhan , Altintop Yasemin
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficiency of different root canal sealers onEnterococcus faecalis(E. Faecalis) at different time intervals.

Methods and Materials

All sealers used were mixed according to the manufacturers’ instructions then 75 mg of each sealer was added to different sterile tubes and evaluated at 20 minutes, 24 hours, 7 days, and 30 days. A time-kill assay (TKA) was used to determine the antimicrobial efficiency of the sealers.

Results

AH Plus and MCS were found to be bactericidal at 20 minutes and 24 hours, but only MCS was bactericidal at the seventh and thirtieth days. Epiphany and Sealapex were found to be bacteriostatic at the seventh and thirtieth days but indifferent at 20 minutes and 24-hours. MCS and AH Plus were both found to be bactericidal in freshly mixed samples, but only MCS was bactericidal at longer time periods. Epiphany Sealer and Sealapex were found to be bacteriostatic at longer time periods but indifferent at 20 minutes and 24 hours.

Conclusion

The antibacterial effect of MCS was greater than the other sealers evaluated.

Clinical Significance

Sealers containing eugenol and epoxy resin might be preferable due to their antibacterial effect.

Citation

Sagsen B, Er O, Esel D, Yagmur G, Altintop Y.In vitroPharmacodynamic Activities of Root Canal Sealers onEnterococcus faecalis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 May; (10)3:035-042.
The Effect of Pre-cooling the Injection Site on Pediatric Pain Perception during the Administration of Local Anesthesia
Authors: Aminabadi Naser Asl , Farahani Ramin Mostofi Zadeh
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of cooling the soft tissue of injection sites on the pain perceptions of pediatric patients during the administration of local anesthesia for routine dental procedures.

Methods and Materials

A total of 160 children aged 5-6 years were included in the present study. On a random basis, the subjects were allocated to the without ice pretreatment (WIP) group (topical anesthesia + counterstimulation + distraction) or the ice pretreatment (IP) group (cooling + topical anesthesia + counterstimulation + distraction). During the administration of an inferior alveolar nerve block, the children's behavior was assessed using the sound, eye, and motor (SEM) scale. The statistical analysis of data was performed based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results

There were no significant differences within the groups between the values of the sound, eye, and motor components for either the WIP or the IP groups (P>0.05). All three components of the SEM in the IP group were consistently lower than the WIP group (P<0.05). Moreover, the SEM value for the WIP group surpassed the IP group (P<0.05).

Conclusions

Cooling the site of infiltration block prior to the injection of local anesthesia significantly reduced the pain perceived during injection of local anesthetic agent in pediatric patients.

Clinical Significance

Pre-cooling of the soft tissues of an injection site prior to the administration of a local anesthetic can minimize the discomfort and anxiety associated with the injection procedure and facilitates the management of pediatric patients during this phase of a dental procedure.

Citation

Aminabadi NA, Farahani RMZ. The Effect of Pre-cooling the Injection Site on Pediatric Pain Perception during the Administration of Local Anesthesia. J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 May; (10)3:043-050.
The Role of Saliva in Dental Erosion and a Prosthetic Approach to Treatment: A Case Report
Authors: Bavbek Andac Barkin , Dogan Orhan Murat , Yilmaz Tamer , Dogan Arife
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this report is to describe the relationship of some salivary parameters to dental erosion resulting from excessive citric acid consumption and present a description of a prosthetic approach used to restore the damaged dentition of a patient with severe erosion.

Background

The high consumption of dietary sources of acids can lead to erosion or the excessive wear of dental hard tissues. Erosion may be modified by salivary parameters such as flow rate, pH, and buffering capacity. Porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) restorations and composite resin veneers can be used successfully to restore impaired esthetics and eliminate tooth hypersensitivity in such cases.

Results

A 37-year-old woman with a history of excessive lemon consumption presented with a complaint of tooth hypersensitivity and the poor appearance of her dentition due to erosion. Stimulated and unstimulated salivary samples of the patient were evaluated for flow rate, pH, and buffering capacity before and after treatment. The pre-treatment values were found to be higher than post-treatment values. Stimulated samples showed an increase of salivary flow rate, pH, and buffering capacity. The measured parameters put forth the defensive potential of saliva against the acidic diet, and the salivary flow rate and buffering capacity decreased after reducing acidic consumption. The excessively eroded teeth were restored using PFM restorations whereas the superficially eroded teeth were restored with composite resins.

The introduction of acidic foods, beverages, or other agents can exceed the natural buffering capacity of saliva. The result is a lowering of the pH of the oral environment which can lead to erosion of enamel and dentin. Loss of tooth structure due to erosion can compromise the esthetics of the dentition and lead to hypersensitivity of the teeth. Teeth damaged by erosion can be successfully restored by composite resin or porcelain restorations and esthetics and function of dentition can be improved.

Clinical Significance

This report is a profound example of how the over consumption of acidic agents affect not only dental tissues but also the chemical balance of the oral environment as well as the oral habitat.

Citation

Bavbek AB, Dogan OM, Yilmaz T, Dogan A. The Role of Saliva in Dental Erosion and a Prosthetic Approach to Treatment: A Case Report. J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 May; (10)3:074-080.