bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prominencia facial autoatribuida en redes sociales a través de la propia fotografía: Efecto del tipo de red, edad y género
Authors: Cifre Eva , Santamaría-Dávila Jordi , Rosel Jesús F.
Published: April 2022

There are many studies on Self-Attributed Face-ism (SAF) in considering social networks (SNS), sex and age, but with these variables separately. This research carries out a joint study of the above variables through a random sample of 1050 SNS profiles. Our hypothesis is that SAF is a function of SNS (dating: Badoo, social: Facebook, professional: LinkedIn), sex, age, and the interaction of sex×age. The results show differences in SAF depending on SNS (highest in the professional network), men having more facial prominence than women. It happens even more when they get older, whereas SAF hardly augments in women with age (having more body prominence than men) (sex x age interaction). Findings show that SAF on-line is a complex phenomenon, it seems not to have a unique and straightforward theoretical explanation, and SAF gender stereotypes grow with age. We also consider the need to study the phenomenon, including a gender perspective, to fight against sexism in new media.

Existen muchos estudios sobre el Face-ismo autoatribuido (FIA) en función de la red social (RS), sexo y edad, pero con estas variables por separado. Esta investigación lleva a cabo un estudio conjunto de las variables anteriores a través de una muestra aleatoria de 1050 perfiles de RS. Nuestra hipótesis es que el FIA es una función de la RS (citas: Badoo, social: Facebook, profesional: LinkedIn), sexo, edad y la interacción de Sexo×Edad. Los resultados muestran diferencias en FIA según la RS (más alto en la red profesional), con los hombres teniendo más prominencia facial que las mujeres. Esto incrementa según se hacen mayores, mientras que apenas aumenta en las mujeres con la edad (teniendo más prominencia corporal que los hombres) (interacción sexo×edad). Los resultados muestran que el FIA en línea es un fenómeno complejo, parece no tener una explicación teórica única y sencilla, y los estereotipos de género FIA aumentan con la edad. Consideramos también la necesidad de estudiar el fenómeno incluyendo una perspectiva de género para luchar contra el sexismo en los nuevos medios.
Representation of the plot of the novel "Iwein, or the Knight with the Lion" in Western European iconographic programs of the XIII-XIV centuries.
Authors: Khripkova Elena
Published: April 2022

The object of this study is the representation of the plot of the knight's novel "Iwein or the Knight with the Lion" in Western European art of the XIII-XIV centuries. The subject of the study is the features of the visual language of secular medieval art, which manifested themselves in various visual representations of this plot. The purpose of this work was to identify similarities and differences in the structure of various iconographic programs created on the basis of this novel in the period under review, to analyze the dependence of the visual interpretation of the text on the functional purpose of the monument (illuminated manuscripts and monumental murals), as well as to compare the existing visual representations of the history of Yvaine with the structure of the literary plot itself. The main research methods in this work are the methods of iconographic and iconological analysis, involving the identification of relationships between the images of the iconographic program of monuments and literary subjects on which these programs are based. The novelty of the work consists in identifying the structural features of the iconographic programs of the monuments under consideration, their similarities and differences from the programs of the religious content of the era under consideration, which is important for understanding the overall picture of the development of the visual language of Western medieval art of the XIII-XIV centuries. As a result of the conducted research, it is concluded that the considered secular programs are significantly inferior in their structural complexity to programs of a religious nature, most of them represent a visual interpretation of the plot intended to demonstrate and glorify the traditional lifestyle of the knightly estate and entertainment, and only one of the considered iconographic programs of this period has a complicated structure closest to the basic one It can be considered, as well as the text of the poems of Chretien de Troyes and Hartmann von Aue, in the context of understanding its religious basis.
Religious Lexis in Russian Ecclesiastical and Religious Auto-documentary texts: Typology and Stylistic functions
Authors: Smolina Andzhella Nikolaevna
Published: April 2022

The subject of the study is Christian religious vocabulary, which has several specific features and forms a special church-religious lexis style. The purpose of the presented research is to show the main features of Christian religious lexis in Russian church-religious auto-documentary tests. The importance of the work is determined by the fact that it is carried out in line with theolinguistics - an actively developing direction of modern philology. The basis of the study is published spiritual letters, spiritual diaries and spiritual memoirs of Russian Orthodox church writers of the XX - beginning of the XXI century. The analysis of those materials is based on theolinguistic, linguostylistic, typological and contextual methods, as well as the method of philological commentary. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time it examines in detail the types of religious lexis used in Russian ecclesiastical-religious auto-documentary texts; provides illustrations of their existence; identifies the ideological reasons for their use by church writers; shows the stylistic functions of the types of religious vocabulary; highlights the features of their use, in particular, the types of contexts in which the studied language units are used. It is established that the most common types of religious names found in Russian ecclesiastical and religious auto-documentary texts are theonyms; biblionyms; hagioanthroponyms; icononyms; ecclesionyms; names of angels; names of biblical events; names of evangelical heroes; names of Christian sacraments; linguistic units related to the corpus of Orthodox vocabulary of spiritual and moral content; names of persons associated with Christian religious activity; linguistic units denoting Christian texts; Christian georthonyms; names of religious-Christian groups of persons; linguistic units denoting concepts related to Orthodox eschatological representations; names of infernal entities; identified religious names are used in such stylistic functions as pictorial, characterological, emotive, evaluative, prescriptive, syndicative, semantic, axiological, text-forming, nominative, explanatory. The results of the study are of interest for lexicology, stylistics, ethnolinguistics, linguoculturology, theolinguistics.
(Co)Homology Groups and Categorified Eigenvalues
Authors:   Marin Drinov Academic Publishing House, Gohara Jumpei , Hirota Yuji , Ino Keisui , Sako Akifumi
Published: April 2022

We discuss the relationship between (co)homology groups and categorical diagonalization. We consider the category of chain complexes in the category of finite-dimensional vector spaces over a fixed field. For a fixed chain complex with zero maps as an object, a chain map from the object to another chain complex is defined, and the chain map introduce a mapping cone. The fixed object is isomorphic to the (co)homology groups of the codomain of the chain map if and only if the chain map is injective to the cokernel of differentials of the codomain chain complex and the mapping cone is homotopy equivalent to zero. On the other hand, it was found that the fixed object can be regarded as a categorified eigenvalue of the chain complex in the context of the categorical diagonalization, recently. It is found that (co)homology groups are constructed as the eigenvalue of a chain complex.
Analytical Descriptions of Perseus Spirics
Authors:   Marin Drinov Academic Publishing House, Mladenov Ivaïlo M.
Published: April 2022

A plethora of explicit formulas that parameterize any type of the spiric sections are derived from the first principles.
Comparative Evaluation of Sutherlandia frutescens and Tulbaghia violacea Antioxidant Potential
Authors: Gbemisola M. Saibu , Rahmon I. Kanmodi , Kayode P. Olugbenga , Grant G. January , Iyapo Oluwadamilare , Gideon A. Adeyemo , Ahmed O. Bello , Jelili A. Badmus , Kazeem I. Mutiu , Oluwatosin B. Adu
Published: April 2022

Aims: To evaluate the antioxidant properties of Sutherlandia frutescens and Tulbaghia violacea to justify their medicinal uses and values.

Study design: Experimental

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University and Department of Biotechnology, University of The Western Cape, Cape Town, between June 2019 to July 2021.

Methodology: The antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of Sutherlandia frutescens and Tulbaghia violacea extracts were determined by several standard methods including ferric-ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), trolox equivalent absorbance capacity (TEAC) and the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) assays.

Results: All S. frutescens extracts exhibited higher FRAP activities (ranging from 687.43 ± 11.90 to 974.31 ± 6.21 µMAAE/g) compared with corresponding extracts of T. violacea. Aqueous extract of S. frutescens produced the highest trolox equivalent absorbance capacity (1603.12 ± 5.50 µMTE/g), copper-initiated prooxidant activity (51.40 ± 1.25 µMTE/g) as well as peroxyl (1049.45 ± 0.54 µMTE/g) and hydroxyl (3911.27±18.67 µMTE/g) scavenging activities. The peroxyl and hydroxyl scavenging activities of aqueous methanolic extracts of S. frutescens and T. violacea increased in a concentration dependent manner. The inhibition of Fe2+-induced microsomal lipid peroxidation showed that aqueous methanolic extracts of Sutherlandia frutescens and Tulbaghia violacea significantly inhibit this process when compared with ethylacetate, dichloromethane and water only extracts.

Conclusion: The results suggest that S. frutescens and T. violacea antioxidant capacities depend on the extractive solvent. The antioxidant activity of the plants could be related to inherent phenolic bioactive compounds. However, further study is required to determine the precise mechanism of action and active constituents responsible for the antioxidant properties of these plants.
Effects of Application of Night Splint in the Management of Plantar Fasciitis
Authors: Jamal Dilir , Habibur Rahman Mohammod , Hossain Khan Moinuddin , Kumar Saha Ripon , Kumar Chakraborty Prasanta
Published: April 2022

Background: Plantar fasciitis is one of the most common causes of heel pain. The condition usually comes on gradually without any injury. Clinically there is pain and tenderness in the sole of the foot, mostly under the heel, with standing or walking. The diagnosis of patient with planter fasciitis is essentially clinical. Treatment options for planter fasciitis include rest, stretching, strengthening exercise, shoe modification, arch supports, orthotics, night splints, anti- inflammatory agents, and surgery. Although injections and Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) bring relief, their effects are often only temporary. Stretching of the calf and plantar fascia may provide some benefit. In chronic planter fasciitis, surgical treatment is only advocated where adequate conservative management fails.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of the application of night splint in the management of plantar fasciitis.

Materials and Methods: This randomised clinical trial included 50 (fifty) patients with planter fasciitis who were seen in the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation department of the National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedic Rehabilitation (NITOR) in Dhaka. The patients were divided randomly into two groups, Group A and Group B. Patients in Group A were treated with NSAID, ADL and Night splint, whereas Group B patients were treated with NSAID and ADL. The patients were evaluated clinically, and data was collected from both groups in a pre-designed data collection sheet for Pain score, Tenderness index, and Visual analogue scale in every 2 weeks interval from the first visit for up to 6 weeks. All the data were analyzed by SPSS version 16.1.

Results: The present study showed pain and tenderness were significantly improved in Group A, who were treated with Night Splint, NSAID & ADL instructions than in Group B who were treated with NSAID & ADL instructions after 6 weeks( P<0.05).

Conclusion: Night splint is an easy, non-surgical and cost-effective one which can be applied with other modalities. Night Splint, along with NSAIDs and ADL instructions, is more effective in the reduction of pain and other symptoms in a patient with planter fasciitis.
A Stochastic Model for Stock Market Price Variation
Authors: Wokoma (Bishop) D. S. A. , Amadi I. U. , Aboko I. S.
Published: April 2022

This paper develops a differential equation model that could consider environmental effects for decision making and incorporated stochastic parameter in the model. These analyses were logically extended to vector stochastic differential equation that would help in predicting different commodity price processes, and the result obtained by using principal component analysis which is a function of the drift and by imposing a condition on the stochastic part. Furthermore, the results show the level of proportion accounted by first Principal Component Analysis (PCA) a function of the drift. In the circumstance,Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test was carried out; and there exist a difference between distributions of volatility and drift.
Diversity Analysis for Yield and Its Contributing Traits in Rice Germplasm (Oryza sativa L.) Using Principal Component Analysis Approach
Authors: Choudhary Monika , Kumar Bupesh , Singh Praveen , Sharma Manmohan
Published: April 2022

The present study was aimed to assess genetic variation among rice germplasm lines employing a multivariate biometrical approach, viz., Principal Component Analysis.  Analysis of variance as per Augmented Block Design indicated the presence of sufficient genetic variation among rice germplasm lines, while estimates of components of variation revealed a maximum contribution of genotypic variance to the phenotypic variance, suggesting its exploitation through selection and hybridization. Simultaneously, correlation estimates revealed a significant positive association of grain yield with panicle length, 1000 grain weight and grain length indicating suitability of these traits for indirect selection. D2 statistics grouped germplasm lines into sixteen clusters and  among these cluster I consists of 67 germplasm lines forming the largest cluster followed by cluster III (26 lines), cluster II (18 lines), cluster IV (15 lines),  cluster V (13 lines), cluster VI (5 lines), cluster VIII (3 lines), cluster VII and cluster IX (2 lines each), while clusters X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV,  XVI (1 line each). Inter cluster distances were found to be higher than intra cluster distances and the maximum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster IX and VI (73.47) followed by cluster IX and X (73.14).                         

Principal component analysis transformed eleven interrelated variables into four major principal components having an eigen value of more than 1, thereby, indicating that these components are responsible for a higher magnitude of variance in the population (76.60 per cent).  Among these principal components, the first component accounted for 32.80 per cent of the total variation while, the second, third and fourth components explained 18.50 per cent, 13.90 per cent and 11.40 per cent of total variation, respectively. Factor loadings of the principal components revealed that principal component 1 had high positive loadings for grain length, panicle length, length/breadth ratio, 1000 grain weight and plant height whereas, principal component 2 had high positive loadings for total number of tillers per plant and number of effective tillers per plant indicating that the first two principal factors can be collectively designated as yield attributing factors. Principal component 3 had high positive loadings for grain breadth, 1000 grain weight and plant height, whereas, principal component 4 had high positive loadings for 1000 grain weight, days to maturity and days to 50% flowering. PCA biplots revealed that germplasm lines viz., GPL-1, GPL-4, GPL-131, GPL-128, GPL-20, GPL-127, GPL-135, GPL-100, GPL-130 were found to be superior performers for desirable traits and can be used as parents in hybridization programme.
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Yield, Economics and Post-harvest Soil Properties of Sweet Corn Grown under Mid-Central Table Land Zone of Odisha
Authors: Prusty Meenakhi , Swain Debashish , Alim M. A. , Ray Monika , Sethi Debadatta
Published: April 2022

Sweet corn (Zea mays var. saccharata), popularly known as sugar corn or pole corn is a specialty maize having high sugar content at milk or early dough stage. As the corn is considered as an exhaustive crop, requires more nutrient, so integrated nutrient management practices play an important role in sustaining productivity of sweet corn. A field experiment was conducted during 2019 and 2020 in order to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on sweet corn yield and post harvest soil properties. Different growth parameters like plant height (206 cm), cob length (28.5 cm), cob girth (16.43 cm), no of seed rows per cob (18.80), no of grains per row (47.55)  and green cob  wt. (335.43g) were found highest in integrated package where bio fertilizer consortia, B and Zn  were applied along with STD fertilization (T6). Total harvested yield of sweet corn including stover (2.58 to 2.98 t ha-1) and kernel (1.33 to 2.37t ha-1) varied from 3.91 to 5.35 t ha-1 in different treatments and was observed highest in T6 (5.35 t ha-1). Harvest index (44.29%), B: C ratio (3.15) and 1000 kernel weight (198.90 g) was also recorded highest in treatment T6. The post- harvest soil properties were also recorded highest in T6 where bio fertilizer consortia, B and Zn were applied along with STD fertilization in the INM package.
Effect of Different Age of Seedlings and Nitrogen Levels on Growth and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Afrose Mohammad , Singh Rajesh , Indu Thakur
Published: April 2022

A field experiment was conducted during the kharif season (2021) at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Allahabad (U.P.). The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture. The treatment consisted of T1­- 14 Days age seedlings + Nitrogen 100 kg/ha, T2- 14 Days age seedlings +Nitrogen 110 kg/ha, T3-14 days age seedlings + Nitrogen 120 kg/ha, T4­- 21 Days age seedlings + Nitrogen 100 kg/ha, T5- 21 Days age seedlings +Nitrogen 110 kg/ha, T6-21 days age seedlings + Nitrogen 120 kg/ha, T7­- 28 Days age seedlings + Nitrogen 100 kg/ha, T8- 28 Days age seedlings +Nitrogen 110 kg/ha, T9-28 days age seedlings + Nitrogen 120 kg/ha. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design, with 9 treatments replicated thrice. Results revealed that maximum plant height(100.40 cm), number of tillers per hill (14.80), plant dry weight(53.06 g/plant), panicle length(32.30 cm), panicle per m2(320), no of panicle per hill (10.70), no of filled grains per panicle (165), test weight(26.40g), grain yield(4.16t/ha), stover yield(6.24t/ha), gross return (INR 1,11,904.00), net return (INR 78,275.400), B:C ratio (2.33) was recorded and significantly influenced with the treatment 21 days age seedlings +Nitrogen 120 kg/ha. Therefore, the treatment 21 days age seedlings + Nitrogen 120kg/ha was found more productive and cost effective.
Impact of Different Glomus Species on Growth and Survival of Acacia nilotica Seedlings
Authors: Ahlawat K. S. , Dhanda S. K. , Chugh Rakesh , Mehta Satish Kumar , Sirohi Chhavi , Dalal V. , Poonia P.
Published: April 2022

Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Del, commonly known as babul, kikar belongs to family Leguminosae and is recognized as a multipurpose tree. It helps in improving soil fertility, increasing the activity of symbiotic microorganisms and providing various commercial benefits. The raising of high quality kikar seedlings is necessary to establish a good plantation and the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in soil becomes imminent in raising of seedlings under nursery. The effect of three different species of Glomus spp. (G. mosseae, G. intraradices and G. fasciculatum) of AMF inoculated soil with Acacia nilotica seeds were observed in the nursery during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. These AMF were applied at 400-500 sporocarp/kg of soil at sowing time and evaluated for their performance on the growth parameters, survival percentage, root colonization (%) and number of sporocarps. The experiment was laid out as completely randomized design, replicated three times with twenty seedlings per replication. The results revealed that among three Glomus species, the shoot length of 60.75 (2018-2019) and 59.80 cm (2019-2020) was the significantly high in soils inoculated with G. intraradices as compared to check (uninoculated). The root length of seedlings was also significantly higher when seeds were sown in soil inoculated with G. intraradices followed by G. fasciculatum inoculated soil. The plant biomass was recorded significantly high when seeds were sown in soil infested with G. intraradices (23.77 g) followed by G. fasciculatum (21.57 g) and minimum in the G. mosseae (20.20 g) among Glomus spp. during 2019-2020. The seedlings survival was 81.53 and 85.79 % in soils inoculated with G. intraradices followed by 74.65 and 79.01 % in G. fasciculatum during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020, respectively and all the treatments differed significantly as compared to check. A significant higher root colonization (20.35 and 19.16 %) and number of sporocarps (28.0 and 26.51 /per 100 g of soil) at 150 DAS were recorded in soils inoculated with G. intraradices followed by G. fasciculatum.
Study on In vitro Seed Germination and Seedling Development of Tuberose (Agave amica Medik.)
Authors: Bhuvana M. , Aruna P. , Boopathi N. Manikanda , Ganga M. , Ravikesavan R.
Published: April 2022

Agave amica (Medik.) (Syn. Polianthes tuberosa L.) is commercially propagated asexually. For the diversification of the crop, seed propagation is essential hence there is a necessity to study the seed germination for hybrid development.  A protocol for in vitro germination of tuberose seeds was formulated. Two types of seed were utilized for germination in which the decoated seeds showed early and higher germination percentage than the intact seeds. Seeds inoculated on the basal media composition of half MS with gibberellic acid (1 mg/l) and benzylaminopurine (1 mg/l) recorded minimum time for germination (8 days), higher germination percentage (89.33%) and minimum mean germination time (8.88 days). Seedlings growth were studied under different composition of shoot and root proliferation media. The MS media with naphthaleneacetic acid (2 mg/l) and benzylaminopurine (2 mg/l) increased root length (12.33 cm), shoot length (14.80 cm), number of roots (13.23) and number of leaves (6.25). Under in vivo condition, the seedling developed from the basal media composition of half MS with gibberellic acid (1 mg/l) and benzylaminopurine (1 mg/l) which sub cultured on MS media with naphthaleneacetic acid (2 mg/l) and benzylaminopurine (2 mg/l) showed higher survival percentage of 91.53%.
Yield and Yield Attributes of Capsicum annum as Influenced by Coloured Shade Net and Shading Intensity
Authors: Kaswan Pankaj Kumar , Kumar Ramesh , Choudhary Ashok , Didal Bhuwanesh , Choudhary Gulab , Singh A. K. , Kumar Harish
Published: April 2022

An experiment was conducted at the Precision Farming Development Centre, ARS, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner during 2015-16 to -2017-18 on loamy sand soil. The experiment comprised of four coloured shade net viz., green, red, white and black and three shading intensity (35%, 50% and 75%) under Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with three replications. Based on the three season pooled data the result revealed that capsicum gave maximum average fruit weight (86.77 g), average fruit length (25.91) and yield (558.24 q/ha) in red color shade net which is significantly higher over green and black colored shade net and remained at par with white colored shade net. Whereas, in shading intensity the maximum average fruit weight (87.14 g), average fruit length (26.15) and yield (542.44 q/ha) of capsicum was recorded with 50 percent of shading intensity which is closely followed by 75 percent shading intensity and significantly higher over 35 percent shading intensity. From the study it can be concluded that red coloured shade net with 50 per cent shading intensity would be ideal for cultivation of capsicum crops under protected conditions of shade net.
Isolation and Identification of Various Candida Species in Potentially Malignant Disorders of Oral Cavity: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Khangura Amberpreet Kaur , Gupta Shally , Mehta Manjula , Gulati Anubha
Published: April 2022

Aim: The aim of this study was to find and compare various Candida species in the normal and ‘potentially malignant disorders’ of oral cavity.

Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Materials and Methods: 110 subjects were selected for the study comprising of 55 normal healthy individuals (control group) and 55 patients with ‘‘potentially malignant disorders’’ (test group). A saliva swab was taken from the normal healthy individuals and patients with ‘potentially malignant disorders’ to check the presence of Candida on Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) media. A wedge shaped tissue sample from the representative site was surgically excised and sent for routine tissue processing for histopathological diagnosis. All the fungal colonies from SDA were subjected to further microbiological tests to check for the presence of various species of Candida.

Results: No fungus growth was found in the saliva of healthy patients. Out of 55 patients with ‘potentially malignant disorders’, Candida growth was isolated by using the culture method, 30 patients (54.5%) showed positive growth on Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) media, of which 23 were diagnosed cases of leukoplakia and 7 oral submucous fibrosis. No fungus growth was seen in patients with oral lichen planus. There is positive association between the potentially malignant lesions and Candida and the p-value (.006) is statistically significant.

Conclusion: The results of the study showed that a positive association exists between the ‘potentially malignant disorders’ and various Candida species and the p-value (.006) is statistically significant. The most prevalent Candida species was Candida albicans followed by Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Candida Krusei.
Resistance and Application of the Biomass from Fusarium solani in the Removal of Pentachlorophenol in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Pérez Adriana Rodríguez , González Juan Fernando Cárdenas , Briones Dalila Contreras , Bouscoulet María Eugenia Torre , Juárez Víctor Manuel Martínez , Oviedo Juana Tovar , Castillo Francisco Navarro , Rodríguez Ismael Acosta
Published: April 2022

Recently, the removal and degradation capacity of different environmental contaminants such as heavy metals, organic solvents, oils, plastics, pesticides and herbicides, from sites contaminated by low-cost materials has been studied, with promising results. These adsorbents include agricultural and industrial waste, clay minerals, live and dead microorganismos, and others materials. The objective of this investigation was study the tolerance and removal capacity of pentachlorophenol by the environmental polluting fungus Fusarium solani, by UV-visible spectrophotometry method. The fungal strain grew on LMM supplemented with 80 mg/L of PCP about 6% of growth relative to control (118 mg of dry weight without of pesticide) was obtained. The highest adsorption was obtained at pH 5.0, at 28oC after 24 hours of incubation with 1 g of fungal biomass, and 100 rpm. If we increase the PCP concentration, the removal capacity decrease, and if the biomass concentration is increase, the removal is most efficient, and the laccase activity is increase in presence of 10 mg/L of PCP, with a degradation of 63% at 15 days of incubation.
Awareness, Adherence and Determinant Factors among Pregnant Mothers on Lifelong Tetanus Toxoid Vaccination as Part of the National Immunization Scheme
Authors: Olufunmilayo Kuye-Kuku Taiwo , Motunrayo Akinlusi Fatimat , Haleemah Olalere Folashade Dolapo. , Onyinyechi Chionuma Joy , Abiodun Oshodi Yusuf , Ottun Tawaqulit
Published: April 2022

Objective:This study determined pregnant women’s awareness, and determinants of uptake of National immunization recommendations for a maternal tetanus vaccine.

Study Design: A cross-sectional study of 347 eligible pregnant women who attended the booking antenatal clinic of institute of maternal and child health (IMCH). Structured interviewer-administered questionnaires, captured socio-demographic the mothers’ knowledge level of routine tetanus immunization and factors affecting uptake. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS version 20 statistical computer software package. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied.

Results: The majority [66%} of the respondents were not aware of the national immunization schedule for tetanus toxoid. Only 28.8% (100) women could correctly state the dosing interval for the vaccination. The study showed that 184 women ought to have completed the vaccination based on their history, only 36 (19.6%) reported completion. Age, parity, marital status and women’s occupation were significantly associated with tetanus vaccine uptake in pregnant women.

Conclusion: Awareness of maternal tetanus vaccination is low, thus increase may be achieved through antenatal health talk and policies.
Prevalence and Pattern of Perineal Tear Following Vaginal Birth in Kano, Northern Nigeria, A 2 Year Study
Authors: Abdullahi Hauwa Musa , Zakari Muhammad , Yusuf Murtala , Sabo Umar
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Perineal trauma following vaginal birth is a common postnatal complication. As many as 85% of women suffer some form of perineal trauma, which has both short and long terms effects on women’s physical, psychological and social wellbeing. It can also occasionally disrupt breast feeding, family life and sexual relationships.

Objectives: To assess the incidence and pattern of perineal tear following vaginal delivery in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, North Western Nigeria.

Methods: A retrospective review of the records of all parturients who delivered in the labour ward of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano, during the period of the review (1st January 2016 to 31st December 2017). Necessary information for the review such as age, parity, type of tear, birth weight, APGAR score, and blood loss were retrieved and recorded in a proforma. The data collected was analysed using SPSS (version 23) statistical software and the result was presented as frequencies and percentages using simple statistical tables.

Results: The incidence of perineal tear in AKTH was found to be 11.4%. First and second degree tears were common among multiparous women, while third and fourth degree tears were common among primiparous patients. There was a statistically significant association between parity and severity of perineal tear.

Conclusion: The incidence of perineal tear is high in the hospital, antenatal and intrapartum risk reduction will play a vital role in reducing the incidence and severity of this condition, thereby improving the associated postpartum morbidity.
Quality Assessment of Extemporaneously Compounded Carvedilol Oral Suspension for Pediatric Patients at the Hospital Pharmacy
Authors: Alfagih Iman M. , Almurshedi Alanood , Aldosari Basmah , Quadeib Bushra Al , Zakaria Enas , Eltahir Eram , Alnakhli Khadijh
Published: April 2022

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate different quality control parameters and the stability of the carvedilol compounded extemporaneous suspensions over three months at room temperature.

Methodology: The carvedilol compounded extemporaneous suspensions were prepared in our lab in a manner consistent with how they are prepared for pediatric patients at the hospital pharmacy. The suspensions were stored at room temperature and analyzed immediately and at 1, 2 and 3 months. Suspensions were monitored for changes in organoleptic properties, pH, particle size, zeta potential, viscosity, sedimentation volume, drug content and drug dissolution.

Results: The results demonstrated that the carvedilol compounding protocol used in this study was reliable and able to prepare 1.67 mg/mL of carvedilol suspension by using carvedilol commercially available tablets and Ora-blend as a suspending vehicle. Also, the extemporaneously compounded suspension maintained acceptable quality attributes when stored for three months at room temperature.

Conclusion: The extemporaneously compounded suspension enables pediatricians to administer a variable dose, which adapts to every patient’s needs, and gives the possibility of treatment when the liquid dosage form is not available.
Tunable Hydroxyapatite/Magnetite Nanohybrids with Preserved Magnetic Properties
Authors: Jahoushi Khaula A. Al , Ayesh Ahmad I. , El‐Maghraby Hesham F. , Alnoush Wajdi , Higgins Drew , Hassan Fathy M. , Greish Yaser E.
Published: April 2022

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been extensively investigated in a wide range of biomedical applications. Controlled coating of the MNPs is commonly utilized to protect and maintain their magnetic properties and to improve their biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, colloidal stability and overall biodistribution. Hydroxyapatite (HAp), a highly biocompatible material, is considered for the functionalization of MNPs. In this study, two simple chemical approaches are used to prepare nanohybrid MNPs‐on‐HAp and HAp‐on‐MNPs composites. The effect of heat treatment on the phase composition, morphology, and magnetic properties of both types of magnetic composites is extensively evaluated. In the presence of HAp, MNPs are segregated onto their surfaces and their transformation to hematite upon heat treatment is delayed. On the other hand, needle‐shaped HAp nanocrystallites preferentially grow onto the hydroxylated MNPs surfaces, leading to a synergistic enhancement in the magnetic properties of the produced nanocomposites, with preserved magnetic properties. Compared with a saturation magnetization (Ms) value of 80 emu g−1 of pure MNPs, a MNPs‐on HAp nanohybrid shows a maximum of 14 emu g−1, while nanohybrids based on HAp‐on‐MNPs show Ms values in the range of 43–78 emu g−1. These findings demonstrate the ability to fine‐tune the magnetic properties of the HAp/MNPs nanohybrids via optimizing their processing conditions.
Upconversion‐Enabled In Situ Growth of Silver Nanostructures Mediated by Cavity Resonance in Single Microrod
Authors: He Huilin , Liu Jianxun , Li Ke , Xu Yiwei , Cai Wenfeng , Wang Jiawei , Cen Mengjia , Liu Yan Jun
Published: April 2022

Solution‐based photochemical reaction is widely utilized in the syntheses of metallic nanocrystals. Although seedless photochemical reaction can avoid pre‐treatments, it relies on long, high‐energy radiation. Here, this work demonstrates an upconversion‐enabled seedless photochemical approach to synthesize grating‐like silver nanostructures on a hexagonal NaYF4 microrod via a near‐infrared laser excitation. Experimental results show that upconversion emission enables the nucleation and growth of Ag nanoparticles. Meanwhile, the emission can be also precisely tuned and enhanced by in situ growth of silver nanoparticles on the NaYF4 and NaYF4@SiO2 microrods. The maximum enhancement factor of 2 in overall emissions is achieved for the NaYF4@SiO2 microrod. This fabrication approach and results visually confirm the cavity resonance of excitation light inside the microrod via the distribution of Ag nanostructures. Moreover, the in situ grown Ag nanostructures provide a tunable far‐field upconversion emission via the plasmonic effect, which is potentially useful for tunable microlasers, biosensing, antibacterial, and catalytic applications.
Air Cushion Storing Energy Promoting Droplets Retraction and Flow on Engineering Porous Bionic Lotus Surfaces
Authors: Zhu Zewei , Li Jingbo , Luo Yimin , Tan Sheng , Wei Manjun , Lai Ziming , Luo Zhuangzhu
Published: April 2022

Porous bionic self‐cleaning surfaces with low contact time of droplets show good potentials in anti‐icing, drag reduction, antifouling, etc. However, the reason of asymmetric and fast retraction on inclined surfaces after droplet impact is not clear. Here, it is reported that the fast retraction is mainly ascribed to the “air cushion” in porous surface acting as “energy reservoir” that stores excess kinetic energy of droplet during spread and returns it back promoting droplets retraction with contact time 20–40% off. Besides, the pinning effect and wetting state transition result in the asymmetric morphology evolution and suddenly stretch along tangential. A physical model of droplet asymmetric retraction including the influence of dynamic wetting angle fDCA, pinning effect fPin, and air cushion fAir is innovatively proposed to describe droplet morphologic evolution. The fundamental understanding of droplets impact dynamic on inclined surfaces is beneficial for engineering applications of extremely wettable surfaces.
Soybean management for seed composition: The perspective of U.S. farmers
Authors: Borja Reis Andre F. , Rosso Luiz , Davidson Dan , Kovács Péter , Purcell Larry C. , Below Frederick E , Casteel Shaun , Kandel Hans J. , Naeve Seth , Archontoulis Sotirios V. , Ciampitti Ignacio A.
Published: April 2022

The soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] compositional quality is mainly provided by the seed concentration of protein and oil. These traits are critical for sustaining global use, and although there is demand for high protein soybean, no mechanism to differentiate production is in place. At the opposite end of the supply chain, farmers are remunerated on a mass basis without having any incentive regarding seed composition. This study evaluated farmers' perspectives and knowledge on soybean quality and their propensity to adopt quality improvement technologies. Farmers from the main U.S. producing regions (n = 271) were investigated with a self‐administrated survey containing 21 questions during 2020 and 2021. Our results show that 84% are unaware of the current protein and oil levels from their own production. A small portion (1.4%) make management decisions (e.g., choice of genotypes or monitor quality) based on the implications on seed quality. However, practices already in place are likely to enhance the quality of seed, namely N nutrition (via rhizobia [12.9%] or fertilizer [5.9%]) and late‐season crop protection (17.1%). If farmers are financially rewarded by US$0.50 per bushel, a mindset change may occur. Based on these results, we concluded that shifts in the U.S. production system targeting protein or oil markets are possible, and the constraints are mainly related to on‐farm management. However, the challenges for improving the U.S. soybean competitiveness in global or niche markets also rely upon other segments of the production chain, specifically breeders, technology suppliers, and logistical structure.
Toward clinical and molecular dissection of frontonasal dysplasia with facial skin polyps: From Pai syndrome to differential diagnosis through a series of 27 patients
Authors: Lehalle Daphné , Bruel Ange‐Line , Vitobello Antonio , Denommé‐Pichon Anne‐Sophie , Duffourd Yannis , Assoum Mirna , Amiel Jeanne , Baujat Geneviève , Bessieres Bettina , Bigoni Stefania , Burglen Lydie , Captier Guillaume , Dard Rodolphe , Edery Patrick , Fortunato Fernanda , Geneviève David , Goldenberg Alice , Guibaud Laurent , Héron Delphine , Holder‐Espinasse Muriel , Lederer Damien , Lopez Grondona Fermina , Grotto Sarah , Marlin Sandrine , Nadeau Gwenaël , Picard Arnaud , Rossi Massimiliano , Roume Joëlle , Sanlaville Damien , Saugier‐Veber Pascale , Triau Stéphane , Valenzuela Palafoll Maria Irene , Vanlerberghe Clémence , Van Maldergem Lionel , Vezain Myriam , Vincent‐Delorme Catherine , Zivi Einat , Thevenon Julien , Vabres Pierre , Thauvin‐Robinet Christel , Callier Patrick , Faivre Laurence
Published: April 2022

Unique or multiple congenital facial skin polyps are features of several rare syndromes, from the most well‐known Pai syndrome (PS), to the less recognized oculoauriculofrontonasal syndrome (OAFNS), encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis (ECCL), or Sakoda complex (SC). We set up a research project aiming to identify the molecular bases of PS. We reviewed 27 individuals presenting with a syndromic frontonasal polyp and initially referred for PS. Based on strict clinical classification criteria, we could confirm only nine (33%) typical and two (7%) atypical PS individuals. The remaining ones were either OAFNS (11/27—41%) or presenting with an overlapping syndrome (5/27—19%). Because of the phenotypic overlap between these entities, OAFNS, ECCL, and SC can be either considered as differential diagnosis of PS or part of the same spectrum. Exome and/or genome sequencing from blood DNA in 12 patients and from affected tissue in one patient failed to identify any replication in candidate genes. Taken together, our data suggest that conventional approaches routinely utilized for the identification of molecular etiologies responsible for Mendelian disorders are inconclusive. Future studies on affected tissues and multiomics studies will thus be required in order to address either the contribution of mosaic or noncoding variation in these diseases.
First order metal‐insulator transition in two‐dimensional disordered systems
Authors: Xiong Shi‐Jie , Katomeris G.N. , Evangelou S.N.
Published: April 2022

In the absence of magnetic field or spin‐orbit coupling the one‐parameter scaling theory predicts localization of all states in two‐dimensional (2D) disordered systems, for any amount of disorder. However, a 2D metallic phase has been recently reported in high mobility Si‐MOS and GaAs‐based materials without magnetic field. We study numerically a recently proposed 2D model which consists of a compactly coupled pure‐random plane structure. This allows to obtain exactly a continuum of one‐dimensional ballistic extended states which can lead to a marginal metallic phase of finite conductivity σ0 = 2e2/h, in a wide energy range whose boundaries define the mobility edges of a first‐order metal‐insulator transition. We present numerical diagonalization results and the conductivity of the system in perpendicular magnetic field, which verify the above analytical predictions. The model is also discussed in connection to recent experiments.
Many‐body spectral statistics of interacting fermions
Authors: Pascaud M. , Montambaux G.
Published: April 2022

We have studied the appearance of chaos in the many‐body spectrum of interacting Fermions. The coupling of a single state to the Fermi sea is considered. This state is coupled to a hierarchy of states corresponding to one or several particle‐hole excitations. We have considered various couplings between two successive generations of this hierarchy and determined under which conditions this coupling can lead to Wigner‐Dyson correlations. We have found that the cross‐over from a Poisson to a Wigner distribution is characterized not only by the ratio V = Δc, but also by the ratio Δc = δ. V is the typical interaction matrix element, δ is the energy distance between many‐body states and Δc is the distance between many‐body states coupled by the interaction.
Level repulsion in excitonic spectra of disordered systems and local relaxation kinetics
Authors: Runge Erich , Zimmermann Roland
Published: April 2022

A thorough understanding of the excitonic spectra from quantum wells with rough interfaces or alloy disorder requires large‐scale numerical simulations with detailed modeling of the underlying quantum mechanics of exciton localization and relaxation. We discuss various numerical aspects of the calculation of wave functions, phonon transition rates and radiative lifetimes, as well as absorption and luminescence spectra. We argue, that spatially and energetically resolved spectra yield information on wave function size and localization character and discuss phonon scattering between disorder eigenstates for the limit of small energy transfer which is relevant at low temperatures.
Quantum diffusion of interacting particles in a random potential
Authors: Halfpap O. , Kawarabayashi T. , Kramer B.
Published: April 2022

We simulate the quantum diffusion of n interacting particles in a one dimensional disordered system by solving the time dependent n‐particle Schrödinger equation numerically. The influence of the interaction on the diffusion is studied. The mean extensions of the n‐particle wave packets (n ≤ 3) in the asymptotic limit of infinite time are investigated as functions of the disorder and the interaction strength. Our findings are consistent with interaction‐induced delocalization which is considerably enhanced when increasing the number of particles.
Energy barriers of spin glasses from multi‐overlap simulations
Authors: Janke Wolfhard , Berg Bernd A. , Billoire Alain
Published: April 2022

We report large‐scale simulations of the three‐dimensional Edwards‐Anderson Ising spin glass system using the recently introduced multi‐overlap Monte Carlo algorithm. In this approach the temperature is fixed and two replica are coupled through a weight factor such that a broad distribution of the Parisi overlap parameter q is achieved. Canonical expectation values for the entire q‐range (multi‐overlap) follow by reweighting. We present an analysis of the performance of the algorithm and in particular discuss results on spin glass free‐energy barriers which are hard to obtain with conventional algorithms. In addition we discuss the non‐trivial scaling behavior of the canonical q‐distributions in the broken phase.
Energy balance and energy transport velocity in dispersive media
Authors: Diener G.
Published: April 2022

The energy balance equation is considered for an electromagnetic wave in a medium with frequency dispersion. It is shown that the energy density consists of two parts representing the field energy and the energy stored in the medium, respectively. The energy transport is carried solely by the field energy. A corresponding transport velocity is introduced. It differs from the group velocity and is always smaller than (or equal to) the vacuum speed of light, even in the case of superluminal group velocities.
Superluminal electromagnetic waves in free space
Authors: Capelas de Oliveira E. , Rodriguez W.A.
Published: April 2022

Recently it has been shown that all relativistic wave equations possess families of undistorted progressive waves (UPWs) which can travel with arbitrary speeds 0 ≤ v < ∞. In this paper we present the theory of how to generate UPW solutions of the Maxwell equation and discuss the particular case of the superluminal electromagnetic X‐wave (SEXW), clarifying its extraordinary properties. The theory of how it is possible to launch finite aperture approximations for the SEXW in free space is also discussed in detail. The theory is illustrated by computer simulations showing the birth of a finite aperture approximation for a SEXW and its superluminal propagation without appreciable distortion up to a 100 km. We discuss also the experimental evidence available and discuss if SEXWs can be used to transmit information.
Instantaneous spreading and Einstein causality in quantum theory
Authors: Hegerfeldt G.C.
Published: April 2022

In nonrelativistic quantum mechanics the wave‐function of a free particle which initially is in a finite volume immediately spreads to infinity. In a nonrelativistic theory this is of no concern, but we show that the same instantaneous spreading can occur in relativistic quantum theory and that transition probabilities in widely separated systems may instantaneously become nonzero. We discuss how this affects Einstein causality.