bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’autonomie financière des collectivités : histoire d’un malentendu tenace
Authors: Jalabert Anselmo
Published: March 2023

L’autonomie financière des collectivités, principe dont la constitutionnalité ne semble dans les faits que de façade, n’en demeure pas moins le fondement, à reconstruire, d’une vision de la décentralisation pour qui les élus locaux ne sont pas simples gestionnaires mais incarnent de véritables gouvernements locaux.
History of neurosurgery at Howard University: the nation’s only historically black academic institution that practices neurological surgery
Authors: Rush Deja M. , Fossett Damirez T.
Published: March 2023

Howard University Hospital has been a pillar for healthcare delivery in the Black community, an underserved sector of Washington, DC, since its founding in 1862. Neurological surgery, one of the many areas of service provided, was established by trailblazer Dr. Clarence Greene Sr., who was appointed the division’s first chief in 1949. Because of the color of his skin, Dr. Greene had to complete his neurosurgical training at the Montreal Neurological Institute, as he was refused the opportunity to train in the United States. He went on to become the first African American to be board certified in neurological surgery in 1953. Drs. Jesse Barber, Gary Dennis, and Damirez Fossett, the subsequent division chiefs, have all continued Dr. Greene’s legacy of providing academic enrichment and subserving a disparate population. Many patients who may not have received treatment otherwise have been able to receive exemplary neurosurgical care from them. Under their tutelage, numerous African American medical students have gone on to train in neurological surgery. Future directions include developing a residency program, collaborating with other neurosurgery programs in continental Africa and the Caribbean, and establishing a fellowship for training international students.
Convergence of the arcuate fasciculus and third branch of the superior longitudinal fasciculus with direct cortical stimulation–induced speech arrest area in the anterior ventral precentral gyrus
Authors: Zhao Zehao , Huang Chu-Chung , Yuan Shiwen , Zhang Jie , Lin Ching-Po , Lu Junfeng , Duffau Hugues , Wu Jinsong
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVE

The objective was to identify the correspondence between the anterior terminations of the arcuate fasciculus (AF) and third branch of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF-III) and the intraoperative direct cortical electrical stimulation (DCS)–induced speech arrest area.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively screened 75 glioma patients (group 1) who received intraoperative DCS mapping in the left dominant frontal cortex. To minimize the influence of tumors or edema, we subsequently selected 26 patients (group 2) with glioma or edema not affecting Broca’s area, the ventral precentral gyrus (vPCG), and the subcortical pathways to generate DCS functional maps and to construct the anterior terminations of AF and SLF-III with tractography. Next, a grid-by-grid pairwise comparison was performed between the fiber terminations and the DCS-induced speech arrest sites to calculate Cohen’s kappa coefficient (κ) in both groups 1 and 2. Finally, the authors also demonstrated the distribution of the AF/SLF-III anterior projection maps obtained in 192 healthy participants (group 3) and subsequently correlated these with the speech arrest sites in group 2 to examine their validity in predicting speech output area.

RESULTS

The authors found that speech arrest sites were substantially consistent with SLF-III anterior terminations (group 1, κ = 0.64 ± 0.03; group 2, κ = 0.73 ± 0.05) and moderately consistent with AF (group 1, κ = 0.51 ± 0.03; group 2, κ = 0.49 ± 0.05) and AF/SLF-III complex (group 1, κ = 0.54 ± 0.03; group 2, κ = 0.56 ± 0.05) terminations (all p < 0.0001). The DCS speech arrest sites of the group 2 patients mainly (85.1%) emerged at the anterior bank of the vPCG (vPCGa). In group 3, both terminations of AF and SLF-III converged onto the vPCGa, and their terminations well predicted the DCS speech output area of group 2 (AF, area under the curve [AUC] 86.5%; SLF-III, AUC 79.0%; AF/SLF-III complex, AUC 86.7%).

CONCLUSIONS

This study supports the key role of the left vPCGa as the speech output node by showing convergence between speech output mapping and anterior AF/SLF-III connectivity in the vPCGa. These findings may contribute to the understanding of speech networks and could have clinical implications in preoperative surgical planning.
A proposed classification system for presigmoid approaches: a scoping review
Authors: Hoz Samer S. , Palmisciano Paolo , Albairmani Sama S. , Kaye Joel , Muthana Ahmed , Johnson Mark D. , Doyle Edward J. , Forbes Jonathan A. , Prestigiacomo Charles J. , Samy Ravi , Pensak Myles L. , Zuccarello Mario , Andaluz Norberto
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVE

The "presigmoid corridor" covers a spectrum of approaches using the petrous temporal bone either as a target in treating intracanalicular lesions or as a route to access the internal auditory canal (IAC), jugular foramen, or brainstem. Complex presigmoid approaches have been continuously developed and refined over the years, leading to great heterogeneity in their definitions and descriptions. Owing to the common use of the presigmoid corridor in lateral skull base surgery, a simple anatomy-based and self-explanatory classification is needed to delineate the operative perspective of the different variants of the presigmoid route. Herein, the authors conducted a scoping review of the literature with the aim of proposing a classification system for presigmoid approaches.

METHODS

The PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to December 9, 2022, following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines to include clinical studies reporting the use of "stand-alone" presigmoid approaches. Findings were summarized based on the anatomical corridor, trajectory, and target lesions to classify the different variants of the presigmoid approach.

RESULTS

Ninety-nine clinical studies were included for analysis, and the most common target lesions were vestibular schwannomas (60/99, 60.6%) and petroclival meningiomas (12/99, 12.1%). All approaches had a common entry pathway (i.e., mastoidectomy) but were differentiated into two main categories based on their relationship to the labyrinth: translabyrinthine or anterior corridor (80/99, 80.8%) and retrolabyrinthine or posterior corridor (20/99, 20.2%). The anterior corridor comprised 5 variations based on the extent of bone resection: 1) partial translabyrinthine (5/99, 5.1%), 2) transcrusal (2/99, 2.0%), 3) translabyrinthine proper (61/99, 61.6%), 4) transotic (5/99, 5.1%), and 5) transcochlear (17/99, 17.2%). The posterior corridor consisted of 4 variations based on the target area and trajectory in relation to the IAC: 6) retrolabyrinthine inframeatal (6/99, 6.1%), 7) retrolabyrinthine transmeatal (19/99, 19.2%), 8) retrolabyrinthine suprameatal (1/99, 1.0%), and 9) retrolabyrinthine trans-Trautman’s triangle (2/99, 2.0%).

CONCLUSIONS

Presigmoid approaches are becoming increasingly complex with the expansion of minimally invasive techniques. Descriptions of these approaches using the existing nomenclature can be imprecise or confusing. Therefore, the authors propose a comprehensive classification based on the operative anatomy that unequivocally describes presigmoid approaches simply, precisely, and efficiently.
Brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys Stl) vibration signals from a recently established invasive population in Krasnodar region of Russia
Authors: SHESTAKOV L. S.
Published: March 2023

This study s carried out because the marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys) appeared in the south of Russia a few years ago and is actively expanding its habitat. The repertoire of vibration signals of marmorated stink bug from the population in Sochi, Krasnodar region of Russia was studied. It was found that the repertoire of songs partially differed from the repertoire described for populations of this species from other regions. We recorded two types of songs: the signal of males emitted in the presence of a female, and the “tremulation” before copulation. Therefore, these vibration signals registered from the marmorated stink bug from the population of the south Russia were further studied.wa
Biological reclamation of disturbed agricultural lands in the Volgograd Trans-Volga region
Authors: KOSHELEV A. V. , VEDENEEVA V. A.
Published: March 2023

Earthworks, such as mining, construction, laying pipes for various purposes and other activities, result in the loss of ecological systems, particularly soil cover integrity. Land reclamation allows for the establishment of a fertile soil layer, soil structure, and the accumulation of humus and other nutrients up to the level of fertility that existed before the violation. The article presents a comparative analysis of the main indicators of soil fertility of agricultural lands (pasture, hayfield, arable land) in its natural state and in the disturbed one caused by the overhaul of the main gas pipeline. The purpose of the research conducted in 2020 was in the dry-steppe zone of chestnut soils of the Volgograd region to analyze the indicators of fertility of agricultural lands that are in their natural state and subject to reclamation with an estimation of restoration costs. To characterize the level of soil fertility, the main indicators of fertility have been considered: particle size distribution, content of organic matter (humus), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S) and pH, which reliably characterized soil fertility in the given soil-climatic conditions of the dry steppe zone of the Volgograd region. As a result of the estimation, it was found that the cost of restoring 1 ha of arable land made 2607.13 euro, and the cost of restoring 1 ha of pasture (haymaking) reached 2096.62 euro.
Developmental biology of the coconut black-headed caterpillar, Opisina arenosella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae)
Authors: LE K. H. , TRAN T. H. D. , TRAN D. H.
Published: March 2023

The coconut black-headed caterpillar, Opisina arenosella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae) has been one of the most serious defoliators of coconut plants in Vietnam. This study was carried out at the Entomology Laboratory, Faculty of Agronomy, Nong Lam University, Vietnam during 2020-21 to determine some biological characteristics of O. arenosella at a constant temperature of 28oC and a photoperiod of 12L : 12D. It was concluded from this study that the total developmental time from egg to adult emergence of O. arenosella was 57.7 days for female and 52.6 days for male. The eggs hatched in 6.1 days after oviposition. The duration of the larval period was 41.2 days. The pupal development lasted for an average of 3.6 days. The females produced a mean of 278.8 eggs during an average lifespan of 4.9 days. The longevity of the female (4.9 days) was shorter than that of the male (10.7 days). The knowledge of the basic biological characteristics of this caterpillar is of fundamental importance for facilitating improved timing of application of control measures and mass-rearing techniques for O. arenosella to supply insect hosts to mass-rearing of its parasitoids.
Diversity of stored-product beetles at the rice warehouses in Mataram City and Central Lombok Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Purnamasari Ayu , Haryanto Hery
Published: March 2023

Beetles, the order Coleoptera, are post-harvest rice product pests that cause severe quantitative and qualitative damage. Therefore, the diversity of pest beetles found in rice warehouses is essential because it leads to pest management by detecting and identifying beetles that can be the basis for making decisions in Integrated Pest Management (IPM). The study was conducted at two rice warehouses, Cakranegara I and Ubung, Indonesia, with rice sampling at five points diagonally on each side. Rice was taken using the Nobbe Trier tool inserted into the sack, and 100 g was taken as a rice sample. Rice sampling was conducted from June to July 2019, with five points diagonally on each side of a pile of rice. The results obtained four pest beetle species: Sitophilus oryzae, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, and Tribolium castaneum. Based on the Shannon Wiener index (H’) in Cakranegara I warehouse, the pest beetle found was only C. ferrugineus with a low diversity level of 1.60. Meanwhile, four pest beetle species were found in the Ubung warehouse S. oryzae, C. ferrugineus, O. surinamensis, and T. castaneum, with a moderate diversity level of 2.74. The differences in the diversity of pest beetles in storage were influenced by the rice warehouse's temperature and relative humidity (RH).
PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF UKRAINIAN ACCESSIONS OF LATHYRUS
VENETUS (MILL.) WOHLF. AND L. VERNUS (L.) BERNH. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF THE psbA-trnH REGION OF THE CHLOROPLAST GENOME
Authors: Tynkevich Y.O. , Derevenko T.O. , Chorney I.I.
Published: March 2023

The member of the genus Lathyrus, L. venetus is listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine as a vulnerable species. Estimation of L. venetus abundance is complicated by the prevalence of interspecies hybrids with L. vernus. These hybrid populations are often misidentified as populations of the L. venetus due to their morphological similarity. The study of genetic resources of L. venetus requires the use of molecular markers, both nuclear (to identify hybrid forms) and plastid (to determine the direction of hybridization) localization. One of the most promising chloroplast markers, the IGS region between the psbA and trnH genes, has not yet been sequenced for L. venetus and L. vernus. In this work, we evaluated the possibility of using the psbA-trnH region of the chloroplast genome to identify the parental forms of hybrids between L. venetus and L. vernus. We amplified and sequenced the psbA-trnH IGS for the collected in Ukraine accessions of L. venetus and L. vernus. For comparison, psbA-trnH sequences from the GenBank database were used that represent species from phylogenetically distant sections of the genus Lathyrus, as well as species of the Orobus section closely related to L. venetus and L. vernus. Based on the analysis of alignment of all sequences used, we found that the level of variability of psbA-trnH exceeds that of other chloroplast DNA regions used in phylogenetic studies of the genus Lathyrus. On the phylogenetic tree constructed by us, the genus Lathyrus forms a monophyletic group with high statistical support. The sequences analysis showed significant differences between the psbA-trnH IGS of L. venetus and L. vernus and confirmed the effectiveness of using this region for molecular identification of these species and for determining the direction of hybridization in the hybrid forms.
ASSESSMENT OF THE SPECIES STRUCTURE OF JUVENILE FISH COMMUNITIES IN THE DNIESTER RESERVOIR
Authors: Frunza O.E. , Khudyi O.I. , Khudyi O.O.
Published: March 2023

The study of the qualitative and quantitative components of the structure of juvenile fish communities, as well as their distribution in the reservoir is an important component of comprehensive ichthyological studies of fish biology and ecology in specific hydroecosystems, especially under conditions of anthropogenic impact. Such studies are important for the development of measures to preserve the biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems, allow to assess the current species composition of fish and the effectiveness of spawning of individual species in the current year, to develop biological substantiation of biological reclamation measures and to predict future catches. The article analyzes the results of ichthyological studies conducted in different parts of the Dniester reservoir during 2016-2020.
It was shown that the conditions of natural reproduction of native fish fauna in the Dniester reservoir are unstable. During the study period, juveniles of 24 fish species were recorded in the Dniester reservoir, with 3 species present in the catches every year. In unfavourable hydrological years, the dominance of juvenile fish communities of low-value species (silver carp) was noted in the reservoir, while the number of juveniles of valuable rare and commercial species remains at a very low level. The problem of increasing the fish productivity of the Dniester reservoir cannot be solved without the purposeful formation of the fish fauna composition by introducing into the reservoir the fish-planting material of native fish obtained as a result of artificial reproduction
PLANT COVER OF THE LOCAL LANDSCAPE RESERVE «HARIACHYI URBAN»
(CHERNIVTSI CITY)
Authors: Tokaryuk A.I. , Chorney I.I.
Published: March 2023

The results of the studies of forest communities on the local landscape reserve «Hariachyi Urban» (Chernivtsi city) are presented. It was established that forest vegetation divided into 2 alliances, and 2 orders of the class Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae Jakucs ex Passarge 1968. These communities represent 2 habitat types from the Annex I of the Habitats Directive: 9130 Asperulo-Fagetum beech forests and 9170 Galio-Carpinetum oak-hornbeam forests, and 2 biotope types from the Resolution 4 of the Bern Convention: G1.6: Beech forests (Fagus woodland) and G1.A1 Quer-cus – Fraxinus – Carpinus betulus woodland on eutrophic and mesotrophic soils, respectively. Also, coenoses men-tioned in the «Green Book of Ukraine» (2009), e.i. common oak forests (Querceta roboris) with common ivy (Hedera helix) domination, are presented here. So, it confirms an important role of this local reserve for biodiversity conserva-tion.
According to the literature and herbaria (CHER) data, since the 2nd half of the 19th century, 18 rare plant species listed in the «Red Data Book of Ukraine» (2009) were noticed for this area. For 13 species, the current localities have not been confirmed. Among them, 8 species were associated with grassland, that have not been preserved here, and 5 species were sylvatic. During the last 50 years, 5 plants species from the «Red Data Book of Ukraine» (2009) have been found on the studied area, and only 3 species were confirmed in this study.
In studied plant communities, 8 alien plant species were noticed, which indicate the increasing of adventitization rate.
Therefore, changes in forest plant communities can be traced in direction of the disappearance of rare plant spe-cies caused by the destruction of landscapes, fragmentation and degradation of preserved natural biotopes, and in-tensification of recreational activity. In addition, increasing of the synanthropization rate and expansion of alien plant species, including species with a high invasive potential, are observed. The initiated inventory studies of the floristic and coenotic diversity in the local reserve will serve as the basis for organizing its phytodiversity state moni-toring.
PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX ACTIVITY IN THE RAT`S KIDNEYS UNDER CONDITIONS OF TOXIC ACETAMINOPHEN DAMAGE WITH PROTEIN DEFICIENCY
Authors: Voloshchuk O.M. , Chereliuk E.M.
Published: March 2023

The aim of this work was to study the research the enzymatic activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and lac-tate dehydrogenase and determination of the lactate/pyruvate ratio in rat kidneys under conditions of toxic damage by acetaminophen against the background of protein deficiency.The activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity was determined according to a method based on the reaction of oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate with simultaneous reduction of NAD+, which is measured spectrophotometrically at 340 nm. LDH activity was studied by an optimized optical method, which is based on the reaction of conversion of pyruvate to lactate with concomitant oxidation of NADH, which was measured using a spectrophotometer at λ = 340 nm. Lactate content was measured spectrophotometrically by the ability of FeCl3 to interact with lactate ions, resulting in the formation of a bright yellow iron lactate solution, which is recorded at a wavelength of 390 nm. The concentration of pyruvate was deter-mined by the modified Umbright method, which is based on the reaction of the interaction of pyruvate with 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH) in an alkaline medium, during which hydrazine is formed, which was recorded using a photoelectrocolorimeter at λ = 440 nm. The study was conducted on 4 groups of experimental animals: I - control animals (K); II – rats kept on a low-protein diet (LPD); ІІІ – animals in which acute toxic damage was caused by acetaminophen (TI); IV – rats on a low-protein diet, simulated acute toxic damage with acetaminophen (LPD/TI). It is demonstrated that under the conditions of dietary protein deficiency in the kidneys, there is a decrease in the activi-ty of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex while maintaining the control indicators of the lactate/pyruvate ratio and lactate dehydrogenase activity. However, under the conditions of the toxic effect of acetaminophen against the back-ground of dietary protein deficiency in the kidneys, an intensification of the anaerobic pathway of energy supply is observed, as evidenced by a significant decrease in the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, an increase in the lactate/pyruvate ratio against the background of lactate dehydrogenase activation. The obtained results can be used to justify approaches to correct energy deficit in animals under the conditions of acetaminophen overdose against the background of protein deficiency.
PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS OF CHLORELLA VULGARIS AS ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
Authors: Cheban L.M. , Kozak A.-M.R.
Published: March 2023

Among the primary and secondary metabolites of microalgae, there are compounds that are potential antimicrobial substances: polyphenols, carotenoids, saponins, tannins, etc. It is interesting that these BARs can be both localized in algomass and accumulate in the culture liquid during the cultivation of algae.
In the study, an algologically pure culture of Ch. vulgaris, maintained in the NN collection of the Institute of Biology, Chemistry and Bioresources of the ChN University. Algae were grown on the classic Tamiya medium at a temperature of 24 ± 2 °C for 14 days. Hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds were detected in the culture fluid and alcoholic extract of biomass. The alcoholic extract of Chlorella vulgaris, in contrast to the culture liquid, had a higher amount of polyphenols, hydroxycinnamic acids, azulenes and different classes of flavonoids. Spectral analysis of alcohol extracts from algal biomass and culture liquid confirmed the presence of flavonoids, phenolic acids and coumarins.
The following microorganism test cultures were used: Bacillus subtilis and Sarcina flava (Gr+), Microcystis pul-verea (Gr-), Rhodotorula rubra (eukaryote). One-day test cultures of microorganisms were standardized according to McFarland to 0.5. The study of antimicrobial activity was carried out by the method of diffusion in agar: 100 μl of the test culture of microorganisms was sown with a lawn on a solid medium of MPA, 25 μl of culture liquid Chh was introduced into the wells. vulgaris. On the third day, the result of cultivation was evaluated.
It was noted that the sensitivity of the test cultures to the culture liquid and biomass extract of Ch. vulgaris depends on the structure of the cell wall of microorganisms. Yes, gram-positive microorganisms and yeast are more sensitive. For them, the diameter of growth retardation zones is determined in the range from 20 to 25 mm. The most sensitive were Sarcina flava and Rhodotorula rubra.
At the same time, gram-negative microorganisms were not sensitive to the culture liquid and biomass extract of Ch. vulgaris, the diameter of the zone of growth retardation did not exceed 5 mm. The revealed antimicrobial activity of green algae Ch. vulgaris is associated with the presence of polyphenolic compounds in the biomass. Therefore, culture fluid and biomass of Ch. vulgaris can be recommended for use in feed as a natural antifungal and antibacterial component.
ORGANIZATION AND POLYMORPHISM OF THE CHLOROPLAST GENOME
REGION psbA-trnH IN REPRESENTATIVES OF THE GONIOLIMON BOISS.
Authors: Tynkevich Y.O. , Valin M.O. , Moysiyenko I.I. , Volkov R.A.
Published: March 2023

Four out of twenty-two species of the genus Goniolimon are common in Ukraine: G. besserianum, G. graminifoli-um, G. rubellum and G. tataricum. Two of them, G. graminifolium and G. rubellum, are listed as vulnerable species in the Red Data Book of Ukraine. Some populations of both species are sometimes reported under different species names, manly as G. desertorum (Trautv.) Klokov. and G. rubellum (S.G. Gmel.) Klokov. To clarify these taxonomic questions, the application of molecular phylogenetic methods is necessary. Recently, the fragment between the psbA and trnH genes has been particularly actively used for similar purposes. In this work, we tested the use of the psbA-trnH chloroplast genomic region for phylogenetic analysis and DNA barcoding of representatives of the genus Goni-olimon. We amplified and sequenced the psbA-trnH sequences for samples of all four species of this genus distributed in Ukraine and compared them with the psbA-trnH sequences available in the GenBank database for species of Goni-olimon and related genera. The comparison of the available sequences showed that the representatives of the genus Goniolimon differ in twelve variable nucleotide positions, seven of which are parsimony-informative. They also differ in one oligonucleotide indel and a sequence inversion corresponding to the stem-loop region in the 3΄ UTR region of psbA mRNA. The difference between the psbA-trnH regions of Goniolimon species and representatives of related gene-ra was much higher. In addition to numerous SNPs, they also differ by a polynucleotide indel. Such significant differ-ences indicate a higher rate of evolution of the psbA-trnH region during the divergence of the genus Goniolimon compared to other regions of the chloroplast genome. On the phylogenetic dendrogram based on the comparison of psbA-trnH sequences, the Goniolimon species from Central Asia form a distinct group, which is probably due to chlo-roplast genome transfer as a result of hybridization in a common distribution area. In general, the high variability of the psbA-trnH regions in representatives of the genus Goniolimon found in our study allows us to use this region to clarify the position of controversial taxa in the group.
NEW FINDINGS OF ALIEN PLANTS IN THE CHERNIVTSI REGION
Authors: Tokaryuk A.I. , Volutsa O.D. , Chorney I.I. , Iakushenko D.M.
Published: March 2023

The records of 29 alien plants species on the territory of Chernivtsi region are reported. For the region, 22 species are listed for the first time, in particular Aegilops cylindrica Host, Aralia elata (Maq.) Seem., Cenchrus longispinus (Hack.) Fernald, Centranthus ruber (L.) DC., Ceratochloa carinata (Hook. & Arn.) Tutin, Commelina communis L., Erucastrum gallicum (Wild.) O.E.Schulz, Euphorbia exigua L., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Heliopsis scabra Dunal, Lavatera trimestris L., Lemna minuta Kunth, L. turionifera Landolt, Lepidium perfoliatum L., Mirabilis jalapa L., Nicotiana alata Link & Otto, Phellodendron amurense Rupr., Physalis ixocarpa Brot. ex Hornem., Rhus typhina L., Sedum pallidum M. Bieb., S. sarmentosum Bunge, Tradescantia virginiana L. Some species (Datura tatula L., Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq., Ricinus communis L. and Tribulus terrestris L.) were mentioned by us earlier without exact geo-graphical reference, which is compensated in this report. In addition, the distribution of Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf. ex DC. in the region is given, and chorological features of Centaurea iberica Trev. and Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal. are specified.
ПРОБЛЕМА ЛІДЕРСТВА У ПСИХОЛОГО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНІЙ НАУЦІ: СУТЬ, КЛАСИФІКАЦІЯ ТА ФУНКЦІЇ
Authors: Коркішко Олена , Завалій Єлізавета
Published: March 2023

У статті наголошено, що наразі лідерство є ключовим елементом інноваційного розвитку країни. Зазначено, що лідер – це авторитетна особистість, своєрідний «еталон», який усвідомлює свою високу суспільну місію, завдяки особистим якостям заряджає своєю енергією та веде за собою, упевнена у власних силах і можливостях, здатна відповідати за окремих членів колективу та групу загалом, лідерство – міжособистісна взаємодія лідера (наставник, ініціатор й організатор, здатний залучати до групової діяльності, впливати на волю до дій у послідовників та розвивати їхній потенціал) та членів групи (інтереси, потреби), що сприяє досягненню спільної мети, до якої вони прагнуть. Звернуто увагу на те, що докладно природу лідерства розкривають різні теорії: «теорія рис», «теорія здібностей», «ситуаційна теорія», «харизматична теорія», «теорія емоційного лідерства», «трансакційна теорія», «трансформаційна теорія», «синтетична теорія», «теорія лідерства як служіння», «теорія визначальної ролі послідовників» та ін. Констатовано, що до основних функцій, які виконують лідери в групах, належать: новаторська (лідер свідомо вносить нові, конструктивні ідеї функціонування й розвитку групи, формулює нові цілі й задачі, обґрунтовує пріоритети в процесі розвитку групи, тактичні способи й методи їхнього досягнення), комунікативна (відбиває всі спектри потреб й інтересів членів групи, своєрідний акумулятор ідей і настроїв), організаторська (скеровує й організовує дії групи, має організаторські якості, уміння завойовувати довіру членів групи, поєднувати їхні зусилля для досягнення певних цілей), координаційна (координує та узгоджує дії всіх членів групи), інтегративна (підтримує цілісність і стабільність групи). Зауважено, що серед значної кількості класифікацій найбільш поширеними є такі види лідерства: ділове лідерство – виявляється на рівні спільних цілей та досягнень; емоційне лідерство – ґрунтується на людських симпатіях та особливостях міжособистісного спілкування; ситуативне лідерство – у його основі лежить управління, орієнтоване на співробітників, можливість повести за собою групу лише в певній ситуації.
ПОШУКОВО-ІНФОРМАЦІЙНА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬМАЙБУТНІХ МАГІСТРІВ МЕДИЦИНИВ ПОЛІМОВНОМУ АКАДЕМІЧНОМУ ДИСКУРСІ
Authors: Мішеніна Тетяна
Published: March 2023

Пошуково-інформаційна діяльність майбутніх магістрів медицини в полімовному академічному дискурсі.

Публікація присвячена розгляду змісту пошуково-інформаційної діяльності майбутніх медицини. Полімовний академічний дискурс розглядаємо в межах мовної і педагогічної підготовки здобувачів вищої медичноїосвіти. Полімовність академічного дискурсу окреслює відповіднийосвітній і галузевий контенти, зокрема у продукуванні фахових текстів з огляду на дидактичний потенціал, з урахуванням актуальних проблемних питань у медичній галузі, порушуваних на вітчизняному і світовому  рівнях. Алгоритми, пропоновані задля розгляду й аналізу розглядуваної теми, передбачають лексикографічну роботу з поняттєво-категорійним апаратом, філіацію й семантиацію галузевого й міжзалузевого тезаурусу, зіставлення й аналіз словникових статей, оприлюднених у національних словниках. У такий спосіб продукування академічного тексту медичного спрямування позначене не лише інтертекстуальністю, але також передбачає дискусійний виклад положень, питань, що виносяться на розгляд і подальше обговорення в науковій спільноті. Педагогічний формат орієнтований на відтворення синтагматичних і парадигматичних зв’язків термінів у системі медичної субмови.

Мовна і мовленнєва професійна підготовка майбутніх магістрів медицини передбачає не лише лексикографічне оброблення галузевих знань, але також опрацювання тезаурусу на рівні міжнародних дескрипторів, наприклад, міжнародні, тривіальні медичні назви, міжнародна номенклатура.

Наведено систему завдань, що передбачають спостереження над еволюцією поняття (у медичній галузі і суголосній їй), уведенням цього поняття в наукову дискусію.

Пропоновані завдання сприяють виробленню функціональної грамотності майбутніх магістрів медицини у продукуванні академічного тексту медичного спрямування (на рівні інтегративності), застосовувати в подальшій професійній і педагогічній  діяльності пошуково-інформаційну діяльність як досвід інтелектуального пошуку й оброблення фахової інформації.

У пропонованих завданнях окремого розгляду набувають синхронно-діахронний аналіз, історичний і дериваційний коментарі щодо утворення тезаурусних медичних номінацій. Продемонстровано алгоритм інформаційного пошуку за тематичним дескриптором і ключовими термінами, у межах яких розглядається тема / проблема в інтертекстуальному й міжгалузевому форматах.
ПРОБЛЕМА ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ІНТЕРАКТИВНОГО ПЛАКАТУ НА УРОКАХ МАТЕМАТИКИ В ПОЧАТКОВІЙ ШКОЛІ
Authors: Пучков Ігор , Єщенко Катерина
Published: March 2023

Створення та поширення єдиного інтерактивного цифрового інформаційного простору було і буде важливою та ефективною основою розвитку кожного суспільства. Історично єдині інформаційні простори слугували прискоренню розвитку всього людства і були вирішальним фактором модернізації цивілізації в усіх сферах (духовній, культурній, професійній тощо). Обмін знаннями, розширення знань про природу, спільні зусилля для розвитку науки, техніки та культури – це сприятиме ефективному зростанню матеріального рівня. Тому створення єдиного інтерактивного цифрового інформаційного простору можна вважати стратегічною метою впровадження сучасних і перспективних інформаційних технологій у всі сфери людської діяльності.

Використання інтерактивних методів і вправ у класі та поза ним допомагає учням здобувати нові знання, здобувати навички та вести життя в цікавому та активному стилі навчання, допомагає їм розвивати базові компетенції, а транскордонні заходи допомагають розвивати навички, сприяють формуванню ключових компетентностей та розвитку наскрізних умінь, визначених у Державному стандарті початкової освіти.

Використання інтерактивних плакатів на уроці дозволяє підвищити пізнавальну активність учнів, ефективність сприйняття ними матеріалу та якість засвоєння матеріалу. Принаймні це заняття запам'ятовується дітям краще, ніж зазвичай. Прості лінійні презентації незабаром замінять інтерактивні плакати.

Організація навчання інтерактивними методами в НУШ передбачає моделювання життєвих ситуацій, використання рольових ігор, спільне вирішення проблем на основі аналізу ситуації та поточної ситуації тощо. Інтерактивні методи навчання загалом поділяються на дві групи: групові та прямі методи. Ці методи використовуються на різних заняттях, на етапах того чи іншого заняття, для різних цілей і в даний час є найбільш використовуваними.

Інтерактивний плакат допомагає зрозуміти індивідуальний темп навчання, швидко реагувати на мінливі ситуації в класі та системно підходити до навчання. Інтерактивні плакати можна класифікувати за формою та змістом. Залежно від обсягу матеріалу, який у вас є, виберіть одно- чи багаторівневий макет для створення інтерактивного плаката.

Отже, використання інтерактивних дидактичних засобів – інтерактивних плакатів дає можливість учням організувати самостійну пізнавальну діяльність, здобути наукові знання з даного предмету, а також оволодіти універсальною педагогічною діяльністю, що дозволяє здійснювати аналіз, узагальнення знань, порівняння, узагальнення тощо.

Після експерименту: успішність учнів підвищилася завдяки використанню інтерактивного плакату, тому ми рекомендуємо вам частіше використовувати його не лише на уроках математики, а й в інших видах діяльності.
ДВОМОВНЕ СЕРЕДОВИЩЕ ЯК ЗАСІБ ІНТЕГРАЦІЇ ДІТЕЙ У ІНШОМОВНУ РЕАЛЬНІСТЬ
Authors: Артемова Любов , Мельник Наталія
Published: March 2023

В статті висвітлена проблема мовленнєвої адаптації дітей дошкільного віку – мігрантів з України у іншомовному середовищі країн тимчасового вимушеного перебування. Для порівняння проаналізовано організацію та особливості природного оволодіння українською мовою німецькомовних малят. Теоретично з’ясовані і обґрунтовані результатами досліджень попередніх авторів психолого-педагогічні можливості оволодіння дошкільнятами іноземною мовою. Встановлено, що діти цього віку надзвичайно чутливі і сенситивні до сприймання і засвоєння мовленнєвого контексту, а тому здатні паралельно оволодівати, принаймні, двома мовами без втрат і шкоди для них. У авторському емпіричному дослідженні провідною педагогічною умовою успішного опанування дошкільнятами іноземною мовою обрана і апробована організація об’єктивно існуючого іншомовного середовища, в якому діти реально перебували щоденно. Значимою мотивацією, яка природньо виникала у дітей в даному середовищі і стимулювала їх до невимушеного опанування іноземною мовою, стала потреба у спілкуванні з іншомовними дітьми. Важливою складовою мотивації була також потреба і інтерес дітей до спілкування з дорослим – носієм іноземної мови і організатором цікавих і посильних дітям діяльностей.

Похідними педагогічними умовами були різноманітні діяльності, здійснювані на засадах партнерства з дорослими і дітей один з одним, в яких активізувалася і реалізувалася вказана потреба іншомовного спілкування. Вагомою педагогічною умовою було постійно діюче іншомовне спілкування дітей з дорослими – носіями рідної і іноземної мов, як джерело поповнення і уточнення словника, конструювання речень, більш досконалої фонетичної вимови ніж у малих дітей. Встановлено, що у визначених вище педагогічних умовах діти раннього і дошкільного віку природньо опановували і рідну, і іноземну мову як у сім’ї, так і у дитячих установах Німеччини. Не виключаємо і спеціальні організовані фахівцями філологами заняття задля удосконалення, поширення, поглиблення іноземного мовленнєвого надбання дітьми.

У перспективі доцільно дослідити організацію і продуктивність обопільного збагачення як українською мовою мігрантами з України іншомовних дітей так і іноземною мовою наших вимушених переселенців, щоб з’ясувати лінгвістичний феномен дитячого міжособистісного спілкування.
Novel Vegetable Tanning Techniques by Notholithocarpus densiflorus Extract and Fatliquoring with Indigenous Bovine Fat
Authors:   Institute of Leather Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh, Abdulla-Al-Mamun Md. , Sarker Bashudev ,   Institute of Leather Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh, Islam Dipa ,   Biomedical and Toxicological Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, Bangladesh, Rahman Asma ,   Food Nutrition and Agriculture Research Division, Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences (CARS), University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
Published: March 2023

The major technical challenge of vegetable tanning is to improve the higher wear-comfort, leather strength and water resistance efficiency in daily necessities of leather products, aiming as an alternative to chrome tanning. The demonstration has been made by indigenous bovine fat and Tanoak tree (Notholithocarpus densiflorus) bark-wood extract for usage in the tanning process as a new kind of stuffing tanning technique for the first time. The tannin content maximum efficiency was found at 34.25% for the bark and 28.5% for the wood sample. The presence of tanning content was characterized by using UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and HPLC techniques. The characterization data revealed mainly catechol presence in the bark and pyrogallol presence in the wood. The stuffing techniques tanned leather showed a shrinkage temperature of 95±2 °C. Other physical properties such as tensile strength, tear strength, grain cracking load, and flexing endurance were comparable to conventional chrome-tanned leather. The cross-sectional morphology and thermal degradation of the tanned leathers were characterized by FE-SEM and TGA techniques which revealed a fat-coated compact structure of the leather fibres and decomposition at mainly 100 °C to 300 °C respectively. The average contact angle of a water droplet on bark-tanned leather was greater than 100° and wood-tanned 88° at the solid-liquid interface respectively, which indicated the low wettability of leather as a water resistance leather. These new kinds of stuffing techniques of vegetable tanning processes will help to replace the chromium tanning, sustainable tanning approach and save the environment.
The blockade of Artsakh causing long-term food, nutrition shortage and starvation: How functional food education can help resolve health related conditions
Authors: Williams Kelly , Fielding Lauren , Davis Jessica , Martirosyan Danik
Published: March 2023

Throughout history, regimes have utilized starvation as a form of genocide. Genocide is defined by Rafael Lempkin as an intentional effort to annihilate a national group. The purpose of this research is to analyze the physiological immediate and lasting effects of starvation in the human body. In the current conflict in Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh), ecologists from Azerbaijan are preventing fuel, medicine, and food from entering the Armenian border at the Berdzor (Lachin) Corridor since December 12, 2022. Russian peacekeepers are simultaneously stationed at the Berdzor Corridor, which connects Artsakh and Armenia. In this article, observations are presented on the effects of starvation and recovery on the human body as they relate to historical genocides. Short and long-term effects of starvation can be severe, especially in minority populations and small territories. Although prolonged starvation has more profound impacts on the body, metabolic processes and increased stress levels can cause serious harm to someone who hasn’t consumed food for even only a few days. The predominant physiological shift during a short period of starvation is the transition from gluconeogenesis as a form of fuel production to lipid oxidation as fuel production, resulting in formation of ketone bodies. This switch ultimately leads to metabolic acidosis and the beginning of further complications if trends continue.A prolonged lack of food can lead to an altered mental state, cardiac dysrhythmia, loss of bone density and various other abnormal physiological processes. Many of these findings are potentially reversible via proposed treatments for recovery, although some are not. The blockade of Artsakh has the potential to cause both severe short and long-term physical and psychological damage as discussed below. The blockade began more than 80 days ago, thus certain damage has already occurred.We strongly urge the international community to act against this blockade and help prevent a future genocide.Keywords: food shortage, Starvation, genocide,Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh), blockade, Berdzor (Lachin) corridor, bioactive compounds, functional foods
A new Middle Palaeolithic chert quarry and workshop site in Kalkashvand (Harsin, Kermanshah), Iran
Authors: Ghasiran Sirvan Mohammadi , Mansouri Sa’id , Beik Mohammadi Khalilollah , Ghaffari Heris Reza
Published: March 2023

Investigations carried out in the last century on the early settlements in various intermontane plains of Kermanshah in Central Zagros have produced abundant information and evidence on different phases of the Palaeolithic period. Most of the recorded caves, rock shelters, and open-air sites contain remains from the Middle Palaeolithic through the Epipalaeolithic times. The Harsin County is in the east Kermanshah Province in West Iran. The region allured human groups in different periods with its desirable climatic and environmental settings, such as freshwater sources, perennial rivers, rich vegetation and fertile soil, not to mention chert formations. Braidwood, Mortensen and Smith carried out the first systematic archaeological work in the region. In their 2002 survey, Motarjemand Mohammadifar recorded 125 sites dating to different periods, and the reappraisal of the regional investigations in 2008 added 68 additional sites to their list, of which 17 are of Middle or Upper Palaeolithic date.
The current state of research on desert kites
Authors: Shakhmuradyan Mariam
Published: March 2023

Desert kites are large-scale stone structures usually comprised of two long, low stone rows and of a spacious enclosure attached to them. Small, circular or quadrangular structures are also attached to the exterior side of the enclosure (Figure 7). This structures were first discovered in the deserts of Syria and Jordan by the World War I pilots at the beginning of the 20th century. They were given the name ‘kites’ by L. Rees, who perceived their exteriors as being similar to kites. This name gained wide acceptance among researchers and continues to be used to this day.
Armenian megaliths and problems of their research
Authors: Avetisyan Hayk , Gnuni Artak , Danielyan Henrik , Mkrtchyan Levon , Bobokhyan Arsen
Published: March 2023

‘Megaliths’ are one of the most important topics in world archaeology. Being often hallmarks of broader landscapes in various periods they used to be mythologised by the people, who considered them to be created by ‘giants’ or ‘cyclops’ symbolizing ‘ancient/pagan’ times. Megaliths were used by different early societies in varying geographical zones and were first noticed and investigated in European archaeology. These monuments appear also in the ancient Caucasus and the Armenian Highland with their own ways of reflection.
Elaborate harness buckles from Lori Berd
Authors: Devedjyan Seda
Published: March 2023

Lori Berd with its necropolis and settlement belongs to the number of the most important Armenian archaeological sites as it reflects the history and development of the cultural peculiarities of North Armenia for almost two millennia – from the last centuries of the 3rd millennium BC up to the 6th -5th centuries BC.
Urartian seals with an image of a stela
Authors: Yengibaryan Nora
Published: March 2023

Among the graphic compositions of a small group of frustum-shaped Urartian seals with a hanging eye are the images of stelae with a rounded top and a surface divided by multi-row horizontal lines. These stelae were fixed in the ground or high pedestal. Seals with these described images were discovered during the excavations of a necropolis near Karchaghbyur village of the Republic of Armenia (in the Sevan lake basin) and the site of Karmir Blur (the Urartian town Teišebaini). These were also found accidentally in Eastern Turkey. A well-known stamp from Toprakkale has a similar type of depiction.
Three Pahlavi manuscripts in the Matenadaran
Authors: Kostikyan Kristine , Mehdi Baghi Mohammad
Published: March 2023

About 450 manuscripts containing the works of Persian rich culture, science, and history are preserved in the Arabic script collection of the Matenadaran. Many of these manuscripts contain fine works of Persian art and calligraphy. The Persian manuscripts of the Matenadaran evoke the strong historical ties between Iran and Armenia and reflect the interest of Armenians towards Persian history, science, literature, and art. Apart from these manuscripts, three handwritten works referring to the Pre-Islamic Iranian culture are kept in the Non-Armenian Manuscript Collection of the Matenadaran. These manuscripts were bequested to the Matenadaran in 1970 by Mihrdat Tiryakyan, a poet and translator of a portion of Firdawsi’s Shahnamah into Armenian. The latter gifted to the Matenadaran two Persian manuscripts as well, in 1963 and 1973. The study of these five manuscripts granted to Matenadaran by Mihrdat Tiryakyan show that they had been earlier in possession of his father Harutyun and were related to his life and works.
Excavations at Tatev monastery in 2014-2015
Authors: Melkonyan Husik , Harutyunyan Arsen , Davtyan Davit
Published: March 2023

According to the tradition the monastery of Tatev settled on the very edge of the Vorotan river gorge (Figures 1/1-2, 2/1) was founded in early Middle Ages and took its name after Eustatheus, disciple of St. Thaddeus the Apostle. In accordance with historiographer Step‘anos Orbēlean: ‘And on a highest rock in that area there was an obscure church built in very ancient times of huge rough stones fastened by lime mortar and dedicated to St. Nerses and St. Sahak; a small fraternity practicing permanent asceticism had been inhabiting there…’.