bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of Language Learning in Handheld Electronic Devices
Authors: He Gao Da , Chen Hui
Published: June 2011

Handheld electronic devices promote M-learning greatly. Foreign language learners favour the learning environment in handheld electronic devices. The authors explore the features of language learning in handheld electronic devices from the prospective of language input theory.The paper discusses the comprehension, nature and authenticity, abundance and varieties in language learning with handheld electronic devices.
Circular and Noncircular Conjugate Tooth Profiles Generated by a Novel Rack-Cutter
Authors: Tsai Yi Hung , Hwang Shen Jenn , Hwang Yunn Lin
Published: June 2011

This paper proposes a new type of rack-cutter can generates the circular and noncircular conjugate tooth profiles. Based on the envelope theory and coordinate transformation method, the mathematical and geometric models for the conforming rotors design are proposed. A selected smooth continuous curve equation can be assigned as the initial profile for the rack-cutter. Results from this research can be successfully applied to different kinds of tooth profile design of gerotor pumps and rotary machines.
Research on the Evaluation of Comprehensive Accuracy to the Opto-Electrical Stabilization/Tracking Device
Authors: Li Yan , Zhang Yong
Published: June 2011

Opto-eletrical stabilization/tracking device has the precision request to improve the stabilization/tracking accuracy due to its wide use on mobile measurement. The paper firstly sums up the error sources based on the system principle of stabilization and tracking, and expatiates the effect of some error items including disturbance moment, geometrical error, and assembling error of gyro etc. Furthermore, according as the probability theory, the paper expresses the comprehensive accuracy uniformly, and obtains the evaluation method of device accuracy. Finally, it gives the example of evaluation on the direct stabilization/tracking device. The research may be useful to the error estimation during system’s design phase, but also system optimization of performance, error compensation.
A New Controller of Stochastic Delay Systems
Authors: Chen Yun , Li Qing Qing
Published: June 2011

By introducing an additional vector, a new delay-dependent controller is designed for stochastic systems with time delay in this paper. The presented controller is formulated by means of LMI, and it guarantees robust asymptotical mean-square stability of the resulting closed-loop system. Our result shows advantage over some existing ones, which is demonstrated by a numerical example.
Computational Simulation of Methane Adsorption in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube
Authors: He Ke Rong , Lu Zhi Chu
Published: June 2011

In this paper, methane adsorption in single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) has been simulated by using the grand canonical ensemble Monte Carlo (GCMC) method. Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential is used to represent the fluid-fluid interaction, and integral method is used to calculation of the potential between fluid molecules and carbon atoms. In the simulation, adsorption isotherms of methane in the (15, 15), (20, 20), (25, 25) and (30, 30) SWNT are simulated.
Research and Analysis of MIS System Integrity Based on 3S Technology
Authors: Jiang Gang , Kang Yan Xia
Published: June 2011

Through analyzing the current application of 3S Technology and MIS system, the paper puts forth the idea to establish the MIS system integrity based on 3S technology, and design the general structure model of the integrity system. The disadvantages of the above two systems can be overcome and their advantages can be complemented. The MIS system integrity based on 3S technology can be expected to offer a new thinking way and method for scientific research, governmental administration, and social production.
Multi Degree-of-Freedom Micromotor Utilizing an Electrothermal Actuator Array and a Spherical Rotor
Authors: Mu Xiao Jing , Sun Winston , Feng Han Hua , Zhou Guang Ya , Chau Fook Siong
Published: June 2011

An electrothermally actuated planar micromotor has been developed for multi degree-of-freedom (DoF) motion, including rolling along the vertical or horizontal axes, spinning about the z-axis, and also the out-of-plane piston motion. In this design, a light-weight spherical solder ball rotor with plastic core is supported by electrothermal actuator array (EAA). Each bimorph actuator consists of the silicon and aluminum layers to produce large vertical deflection due to their distinct coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE). The micromotor fabrication procedures involve standard CMOS-MEMS processes. Rolling and spinning motions of the spherical rotor are performed by driving the electrothermal actuators with multi-phase signals, and the piston motion can be achieved by synchronizing the drive signals to all actuators without phase difference. The dynamic behavior of this micromotor has been successfully predicted by multibody dynamics simulation software. Such unique dynamic motions of this planar micromotor device show promising capabilities in Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Optical Coherence Microscope (OCM) applications. If this sphere is mounted with a highly-reflective mirror platform, it can be used to divert the light beam to achieve a full 360° circumferential scan about the optical axis.
Double-Step Plasma Etching for SiO2 Microcantilever Release
Authors: Rahim Rosminazuin A. , Bais Badariah , Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis
Published: June 2011

In this paper, an isotropic dry plasma etching was used to release the suspended SiO2 microcantilever from the substrate of SOI wafer. Employing the plasma dry etching technique, the frontside etching for the SiO2 microcantilever release is done using the Oxford Plasmalab System 100. To obtain the optimum condition for the microcantilever release using the plasma etcher, the etching parameters involved are 100 sccm of SF6 flow, 2000 W of capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) power, 3 W of inductively coupled plasma (ICP) power, 20°C of etching temperature and 30 mTorr chamber pressure. The optimum parameters yield lateral etch rate of about 5 μm/min and vertical etch rate of about 8 μm/min. Two etching methods have been considered in this study. The first method employs only the isotropic etching to realize the microcantilever release while the second method utilizes both the anisotropic etching and the isotropic etching. For the second method, the process starts with the anisotropic etching from the deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) system which is then followed by the isotropic etching to complete the microcantilever releasing process. The purpose of the anisotropic etching is to create an etching window for the subsequent isotropic etching process. By using double-step etching method which combines both isotropic and anisotropic plasma etching for the microcantilever release process, the releasing process of suspended microcantilever is significantly improved.
Development of Multiple-Step SOI DRIE Process for Superior Notch Reduction at Buried Oxide
Authors: Sampath Praveen Kumar , Bin Safari Muhamad Khairi , Ng Lee Kian , Nagarajan Ranganathan
Published: June 2011

A novel two step etch process using the Bosch-etch mechanism to prevent notching on an SOI wafer is presented. The first etch step is used to attain the maximum etch depth with high etch rate and stop before the buried oxide (BOX). Followed by the second etch step with lower etch rate and tuned to soft land on the BOX to etch the remaining depth. In addition to that it is tailored to also provide a tapered etch profile which is beneficial in reducing the notch if over etching occurs.
Microfabrication of a Planar Helix with Straight-Edge Connections Slow-Wave Structure
Authors: Chua Cier Siang , Tsai Ming Lin Julius , Tang Min , Aditya Sheel , Shen Zhong Xiang
Published: June 2011

A 100GHz planar helix with straight-edge connections slow-wave structure incorporating coplanar waveguide feed has been designed and fabricated. The proposed fabrication process can produce high-aspect-ratio planar helical structures which is essential for sheet electron beam traveling-wave tube application. The photoresists used in this process can be easily stripped after electroplating of three-dimensional structures.
Fabrication of MEMS Based Microspeaker Using Bulk Micromachining Technique
Authors: Sugandi Gandi , Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis
Published: June 2011

The advantages of micromachining over conventional fabrication include precise dimensional control, integration of on-chip circuits and potential low cost owning to batch processing. Fabrication microspeaker for hearing instrument application using MEMS technology is challenging because of certain critical requirements, including their small size, low driving voltage, high output sound pressure level, flat frequency response and low energy consumption. A small in size, lightweight, and low cost microspeaker is demanded for application such as cellular phones and hearing aids. The device consist of two part; first parts is a micromachined polyimide membrane as the sound generating plate, where thevoice coil placed on the top of membrane, and the coil is a single loop voice coil. The second part is back plate permanent magnet. The disc permanent magnet bonded on acoustic hole plate is Neodymium-Iron-Boron (NdFeB) with magnetization of 1.45 T, diameter 1.6 mm, and thickness 0.8 mm. The fabrication process and performance of the first result device is discussed, and the thickness of electroplated single loop voice coil copper 10 mm and acoustic hole bonded together. The total size of the microspeaker chip is 5 mm x 5 mm x 1.5 mm, polyimide membrane thickness 2 mm.
Effect of Substrate Temperature on Properties of Silicon Nitride Films Deposited by RF Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Tiwari Ruchi , Chandra Sudhir
Published: June 2011

In the present work, we report the preparation, characterization and application of silicon nitride thin films deposited by RF magnetron sputtering on oxidized silicon substrates. The properties of the films were investigated with respect to the substrate temperature during film deposition. X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy confirms the presence of silicon and nitrogen in the films. The X-ray diffraction results indicate that the films were amorphous when deposited without external substrate heating. On the other hand, the deposition on heated substrate (300 °C) results in weakly crystalline structure. Spectral reflectance technique was used for thickness and refractive index measurements. With substrate heating, the refractive index was observed to increase. Atomic force microscope images revealed that the films were smooth and had uniform texture. The etching characteristics of the films in buffered hydrofluoric acid at room temperature and 40 wt % potassium hydroxide at 80 °C were also investigated. Significant reduction in etch rates was observed when the films were deposited on heated substrates. Using the sputter deposited silicon nitride films, microstructures such as cantilevers and diaphragms, which are basic building blocks in micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) based sensors, were fabricated using micromachining techniques.
A Novel Micromechanical Resonator Using Two-Dimensional Phononic Crystal Slab
Authors: Wang Nan , Hsiao Fu Li , Palaniapan Moorthi , Tsai Ming Lin Julius , Soon Jeffrey B.W. , Kwong Dim Lee , Lee Cheng Kuo
Published: June 2011

Two-dimensional (2-D) Silicon phononic crystal (PnC) slab of a square array of cylindrical air holes in a 10μm thick free-standing silicon plate with line defects is characterized as a cavity-mode PnC resonator. Piezoelectric aluminum nitride (AlN) film is deployed as the inter-digital transducers (IDT) to transmit and detect acoustic waves, thus making the whole microfabrication process CMOS-compatible. Both the band structure of the PnC and the transmission spectrum of the proposed PnC resonator are analyzed and optimized using finite element method (FEM). The measured quality factor (Q factor) of the microfabricated PnC resonator is over 1,000 at its resonant frequency of 152.46MHz. The proposed PnC resonator shows promising acoustic resonance characteristics for RF communications and sensing applications.
A New Robust Four Degree-of-Freedom Gyroscope Design
Authors: Kang Kean Lee , Xie Jin , Tsai Ming Lin Julius
Published: June 2011

This paper presents a new design of vibratory four degree-of-freedom (DOF) gyroscope, which is inherently robust to keep stable sensitivity under changes of environmental temperature and pressure. The frequency response of the gyroscope has two resonant peaks close to each other, and the operating range is in the flat region between the two peaks. Simulation results show that the sensing amplitude increases by only 1.6% when the temperature rises from 25°C to 75 °C, and drops by only 6% when the pressure increases from 0.1 to 1 Torr.
Investigation of Rhabdomyosarcoma Cell Electrofusion
Authors: Yeo Chong Xian Felix , Tan Kian Hwa , Tan Eng Lee , Lim Chu Sing Daniel
Published: June 2011

Cell-cell fusion is an important natural and engineered process for in-depth studies into hybridomas, developmental biology, immunology and various cellular therapies. It is also a powerful tool for analysis of gene expression, chromosomal mapping, antibody production, cloning mammals, and cancer immunotherapy. However, research so far has primarily focused on cell models such asC.elegans, drosophila, myoblasts, spleen-myeloma cell hybrids and various plant protoplasts. Rhabdomyosarcoma cells are a rare form of musculoskeletal cancer cells found in the head, neck, and other less skeletal areas of the human cancer patient’s body. As these cells do not normally undergo fusion naturally, they are an interesting model for studying cell fusion. Among all the techniques for fusion, electrofusion (or electroporation) can be applied to a wide range of cell types with high efficiency and high post-fusion viability. By coupling these cells with this technique, the effectson cell proliferation, growth pattern, and hybridoma count wereinvestigated. Overall, the experimental results showed that an adequate electrical stimulation helped to facilitate the fusion and proliferation of the RD cells. Furthermore,a DC current produced the highest number of hybridomas, while maintaining the highest proliferation rate.After subtracting for the control samples, an average fusion yield of 24% was obtained under this DC setting, which is comparable to the fusion yield of 20% obtained using the same technique by other researchers. This is a promising result for its application in the production of monoclonal antibodies for cancer research and treatment.
AlN Actuator for Tunable RFMEMS Capacitor
Authors: Fernando Sanchitha , Min Tang , Khine Lynn , Agarwal Rahul , Lau Kia Hian , Soon Jeffrey B.W. , Tsai Ming Lin Julius
Published: June 2011

This paper presents a novel piezoelectric actuator design that achieves low curling due to residual film stress. The proposed actuator maintains the gap between the movable electrode and the fixed electrode nearly constant independent of the residual stress level, improving the reproducibility and reliability of piezoelectric devices. At 20V excitation, the actuator deflects more than 5 µm. The design also achieves a capacitor electrode around 6% of the total actuator area, which is 2.5 times greater than other reported designs. This paper demonstrates the novel actuator in a tunable capacitor, but the actuator may be used in many other applications, such as MEMS switches and micro-mirrors.
GEMS: A MEMS-Based Way for the Innervation of Materials
Authors: MacQueen Mark O. , Mueller Jeanette , Fu Dee Chang , Gebeshuber Ille C.
Published: June 2011

We propose a concept for a novel ‘innervated’ material that is assembled by addition of a multitude of MEMS to a conventional material. This approach shall enable the material to show specific reactions to external inputs, and make the reaction accessible to external observers. By implementing such innervated material into buildings, clothing or even food, it would be possible to create a virtual neural system in objects. This work introduces the concept, gives an outlook on the potential of such an approach in art, science and technology and the possible impact on the life of future generations.
A Simple Method for Quantification of Beta-Amyloid Using the Photo-Sensitive Thin Film Transistor
Authors: Kim Kwan Su , Ju Jong Il , Cho Jung Min , Sung Hee Kyung , Song Ki Bong
Published: June 2011

This paper reports a technique for quantification of beta-amyloid protein by the use of photo sensitive thin film transistor (p-TFT). In recent studies, a beta-amyloid protein has strongly related a central role of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and AD-related olfactory sensory loss. In the p-TFT, we observed the difference of the photo-current according to the presence of the particles with beta-amyloid, RAW 264.7 cells, and olfactory receptor neuron cells. The p-TFT shows the drain current reduction of about 50μA is caused by the RAW 264.7 cells with magnetic beads and beta-amyloid. Therefore, we suggest a new method of detecting small quantity of A-beta for early diagnosis of AD by using photo-sensitive thin film transistor (p-TFT) devices.
Low Cost and High Resolution X-Ray Lithography for Fabrication of Microactuator
Authors: Kerdlapee Pongsak , Wisitsoraat Anurat , Leksakul K. , Phokharatkul D. , Phatthanakun R. , Tuantranont Adisorn
Published: June 2011

In this work, low-cost and high resolution X-ray lithography is developed by employing low-cost sputtered lift-off lead film on mylar sheet substrate and applied for fabrication of electrostatic actuators. X-ray mask was fabricated by conventional photolithography, Pb sputtering and lift-off process. The Pb mask is used for X-ray lithography of electrostatic actuator structures with 5 µm interdigitate electrodes. For 140 µm-thick SU-8 photoresist on Cr-coated glass substrates, Pb film thickness of around 10 µm was used to block X-ray with 95% x-ray image contrast at a critical dose of 4,200mJ/cm3. A high aspect ratio of 26.5 of SU8 microstructure with 5 µm lateral resolution has been achieved by the developed low cost Pb based X-ray mask. In addition, a steep sidewall angle of nearly 90o for SU-8 structure is confirmed. The results demonstrate that the Pb based X-ray mask offers high resolution X-ray lithography at a very low cost and is promising for microactuator applications.
FBAR Resonators with Sufficient High Q for RF Filter Implementation
Authors: Khine Lynn , Wong Lionel Y.L. , Soon Jeffrey B.W. , Tsai Ming Lin Julius
Published: June 2011

Film Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonators (FBAR) at 2.6GHz using AlN piezoelectric material have been fabricated and characterized in this work. A stack of Al bottom electrode, AlN layer and top Al electrode is used to excite the thickness extensional (TE) vibration mode. The FBAR resonator has a quality factor of about 400 and the piezoelectric coupling coefficient of 4.25%, which is critical for RF filter implementation. Moreover, FBAR resonator has been designed to suppress spurious modes in order to ensure higher quality factor. Different filter topologies of ladder/lattice architecture are then explored for effective implementation using several FBAR resonators to build band-pass RF filters.
Design and Modeling of Platinum Thin Film Microheater for High Temperature Microtensile Test Application
Authors: Ang Wan Chia , Lei Man I , Tsai Julius Ming Lin , Leong Kam Chew , Tan Chuan Seng
Published: June 2011

Platinum (Pt) thin film microheater is designed for integration in a well-known dog bone-like microtensile test structure for high temperature tensile properties measurement. COMSOL Multiphysics tool with electro-thermal modeling was employed to predict the Joule heating capability of three different configurations of Ptmicroheater. The temperature of the test structure resulted from the three micorheater configurations as a function of total dissipated power was plotted for comparison. The microheater with the dendritic-like configuration was found to have the highest power efficiency of 3.19°C/mW in heating up the microtensile test structure.
Design, Fabrication and Characterization of Ultra Miniature Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors for Medical Implants
Authors: Lim Li Shiah , Park Woo Tae , Lou Liang , Feng Han Hua , Singh Pushpapraj
Published: June 2011

Pressure sensors using MEMS technology have been advanced due to their low cost, small size and high sensitivity, which is an advantage for biomedical applications. In this paper,silicon nanowire was proposed to be used as the piezoresistors due to the high sensitivity [1][2].The sensors were designed, and characterized for the use of medical devices for pressure monitoring. The pressure sensor size is 2mm x 2mm with embedded SiNWs of 90nm x150nm been fabricated. Additionally, the sensitivity of 0.0024 Pa-1 pressure sensor has been demonstrated.
Tagging for Capsule Endoscopy Localization
Authors: Lim Rui Qi , Katayan Riyas , Win Shwe Sin , Vaidyanathan Kripesh
Published: June 2011

Capsule endoscopy is a medical procedure to painlessly image the Gastro intestinal tract for the diagnosis of small intestine mucosa. Present capsule endoscopy does not comprise an effective method to localize and tag the abnormalities in gastrointestinal tract during the image diagnosis. The major constraint for developing an addition function to the existing capsule is the limited package space. In this paper, we propose a novel method for the effective localization of site of interest by incorporating a miniaturized tagging module inside the capsule. The tagging module release a micro tag which embed into the region of interest upon activation. This micro tag can be detected through radiographic imaging techniques like X-ray imaging. Embedded micro tag provides valuable position information of the site of interest to facilitate further diagnosis. This paper will present the ex-vivo animal trials and the x-ray imaging result of the tagging module.
Stability Analysis of Xiwu Road Steel Box Arch Bridge in Zibo City
Authors: Gao Zhi Sheng , Huang Yan , Liu Yong , Qi Lu Kuan
Published: June 2011

In this paper, taken a steel box arch bridge as background, a FEA model is built and the stability is analyzed, including buckle stability and extreme stability. The results show that there are significant differences between buckle stability factor and extreme stability factor. It is a must to pay more attention to arch bridge stability.
Stochastic Analysis of Prestressed Concrete Cable-Stayed Bridges Considering Construction Errors
Authors: Guan Hua , Chen De Wei
Published: June 2011

There is a deviation between finished bridge and design requirement of prestressed concrete (PC) cable-stayed bridge due to the construction errors in construction process. Besides, the randomness of construction errors will cause the variability of structure system in construction state. However, the most common analyses considering construction errors are based on deterministic analysis method, which concern the mean errors effect merely. These are inadequate obviously. In this paper the main construction errors of PC cable-stayed bridge and corresponding distributions are outlined firstly. Also several common stochastic analysis methods are introduced. Using Monte-Carlo method with ANSYS finite element analysis (FEA) software, then, a stochastic analysis of a single tower PC cable-stayed bridge considering construction errors is completed, and the probability characteristics of structural response under dead load are obtained. Finally, from the reliability point of view, the influence of randomness of construction errors on structural safety and the necessity of stochastic analysis for PC cable-stayed bridges are discussed.
The Rehabilitation Project of Highland Road Tunnel
Authors: Liu Hai Jing , Zheng Jia Yan , Lin Zhi
Published: June 2011

This paper presents the rehabilitation project of Dabanshan highland road tunnel. Cause analysis is carried by insight into the information of climate, geological, hydrological condition, tunnel defects type and parameters. Water leakage, low temperature and poor rock condition are considered to be source of tunnel defects, and the essential of rehabilitation of highland road tunnel are water leakage treatment and heat preservation system reinstatement. Measures taken to solve the problems of cracks, water leakage and frost are introduced in detail, and results show that measures taken are proved to be effective. Knowledge and experience gained are helpful for similar projects in future.
Experimental Research on the Flexural Performance of the Strengthened Concrete Beams with Prestressed CFRP
Authors: Yao Guo Wen , Wei Yan Li , Li Shi Ya
Published: June 2011

Three-bending experiments were performed on RC beams strengthened with prestressed CFRP under static and cycle loading. Prestressed CFRP obviously increases the load-carrying capacity and fatigue life of strengthened RC beam. And it greatly increases the flexural stiffness of strengthened beam. The failure modes of the beams go through concrete cracking, CFRP debonding from concrete and beam fractured. The vertical flexibility history at midspan is decomposed into three stages. And then fatigue damage is defined by flexural stiffness and its evolvement shows three stages of nucleation, growth and mutation.
Nonlinear FEM and Control Method for Super-Long Span Three Main Trusses and Three Cable Planes Railway Cable-Stayed Bridge
Authors: Yang Zhi Shuo , Ye Mei Xin , Zhou Yan Qun , Ou Li
Published: June 2011

The Anqing Changjiang River Railway Bridge is an important fixed link across the Changjiang River in Anqing both the Nanjing-Anqing Intercity Railway and Fuyang-Jingdezhen Railway. Its main bridge is a six-span continuous steel truss girder cable-stayed bridge with main span of 580 m. The purpose of this paper is to describe some of its main features and FE model for geometrical nonlinearity using the finite element program ANSYS as well as control method of stress-free status for erection of cable-stayed bridge. Based on geometrical nonlinear analysis theories, secondary development of ANSYS using APDL was accomplished.
The Effect of Shear Lag on Long-Term Behavior of Steel/Concrete Composite Beams
Authors: Miao Lin , Chen De Wei
Published: June 2011

It is well known that shear lag effect exists in wide flange concrete slabs. Traditionally, the effective flange width method is employed for considering the shear lag effect in a steel/concrete composite beam. The limitation of this method is that the load types and constraint conditions are generally ignored. In this paper, an analytical method using full flange width has been proposed by introducing shear warping shape function and intensity function of the shear warping displacement. By mean of two unknown functions: the vertical displacement of the whole cross section and the intensity of the warping, a variational balance condition which involves equilibrium equations with relevant boundary condition is imposed by the virtual work theorem. As a result, the shear-lag effect is considered by additional virtual external load, expressed as “additional bending moment”. The performance of this method dealing with elastic problem has been verified by finite element method using solid elements. Finally, the method is applied to investigate the long-term behavior of a beam fixed at two ends. It has been found that the results yielded from the code based on the effective flange width method are intervenient between those obtained from the current model with elastic and viscoelastic problem; the result errors of beam finite element model considering shear-lag effect can be modified by the method proposed in this paper.
Center Tower Stiffness Study in Multi-Tower Suspension Bridge
Authors: Zheng Xiao Yan , Feng Zhuo De , Du Hong Jing , Xu Yue
Published: June 2011

The existence of center towers is the origin of performance difference between multi-tower suspension bridge and the traditional one, and longitudinal stiffness of the center tower is a decisive factor. Based on the finite element theory, the paper establishes numerical calculation model of multi-tower suspension bridge, and analyzes it’s static and dynamic performance variation by using different longitudinal flexural stiffness. Moreover, the factors that affect center tower stiffness are determined. Referring to judgment standards about usability and structure security given by existing research, the reasonable range of center tower stiffness is established. Besides, the paper tries to ascertain reasonable center tower stiffness by using the static mechanic performance of service phase as judgment standards.
Effect of CFRP Thickness on Load-Carrying Capacities and Failure Modes of Strengthened RC Beams
Authors: Yao Guo Wen , Li Mao Sheng , Li Shi Ya
Published: June 2011

The effect of thickness of externally bonded carbon fiber laminate (CFRP) on load-carrying capacity and failure modes was analyzed for the strengthened reinforced concrete (RC) beams under bending load. According to the balance equations of applied force and moment, the relation was obtained between ultimate loading of strengthened beam and thickness of CFRP, and the failure modes were predicted for the CFRP strengthened beams. The load-carrying capacity of strengthened RC beam is higher with thicker externally bonded CFRP until it reaches the ultimate loading. The mechanical analysis is in good agreement with the three-point bending experiments performed on CFRP strengthened RC beams.
Space Seismic Response Analysis of City Elevated Curved Box Girders Bridge
Authors: Zhao Qing
Published: June 2011

Taking an engineering design case about a city elevated curved box girders bridge, the dynamic calculating model of the curved box girders bridge is created by the finite element analysis program ANSYS. The analysis of curved box girders bridge with space seismic response are discussed, and a time history analysis is conducted for the curved box girders bridge subjected to the E1 Centro earthquake waves in two conditions.The internal force and the displacement time history response curve of the curved box girders bridge are obtained. The results indicate that the seismic response of curved box girders bridge with three-dimensional earthquake are bigger than two-dimensional, and consider the vertical seismic have considerable influence on the axial force of bridge piers, the internal force and displacement of box girders.
The Assessment and Research of Seismic Performance for Large-Scale Bridge Based on Fuzzy Mathematics
Authors: Zheng Da Wei , Qi Li Xiao
Published: June 2011

Guantifying the aseismatic factor of bridge and determining the factor domain,the weight and evaluation vector in different levels using the basic principle of fuzzy mathematics.Besides, the aseismatic performance of a large-scale bridge in Sichuan were studied and analysised by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.
Numerical Analysis on Failure Mechanism of Intermittent Joints
Authors: Wang Bin , Jiang Qing Hui , Yao Chi , Xie Tao
Published: June 2011

The mechanical characteristics of jointed rocks are mainly controlled by geometrical features of intermittent joints. The failure mechanism and shear behavior of discontinuous joints are simulated by series of direct shear tests using the particle flow code (PFC2D). The effects of joint persistence, separation and azimuth angle on the failure strength of jointed rock are studied in detail. The results shows that peak shear strength can be considered as a function of the geometrical parameters, which is in a reasonable accordance with other experimental results. Meanwhile, as for failure mechanism, joint separation and azimuth angle are especially discussed, and specific damage patterns are presented as well.
Longitudinal Seismic Forces of Long-Span Bridge
Authors: Bai Bing , Wu Ze Yu , Deng Xiao Shan
Published: June 2011

Based on the numerical simulation and finite element method, the longitudinal seismic action of a long-span continuous bridge is systematically analyzed. Four load cases are considered, i.e. bridge without piers, bridge with piers, neglecting friction force and combining friction force and pier scouring respectively. Calculation results show that: when considering the piers, the contribution of piers to bridge longitudinal seismic forces is depending on the concrete problems; when the friction force of rubber supports is regarded, sliding support greatly enhances the longitudinal overall rigidity of the bridge, but the force is resolved to each rubber support and can improve the stress state of the fixed support; considering effect of scouring, the elongation of piers will lead to the decrease of longitudinal overall rigidity, thereby lowering the longitudinal seismic forces. From comparison of the two piers that, the relatively flexible structure has shock absorption to a certain extent, so it is more suitable for the bridge.
Transfer Mechanism Study about Free Beam Moment for Beam-Arch Association Bridge
Authors: Yi Yun Kun
Published: June 2011

The paper treated the beam-arch association bridge as a two-component structure of beam-arch closure and suspender, and assumed the suspender force as one of membrane tension. By the assumption, expressions of ratio between tensile-tension moment and free beam moment, and moment ratio between arch and beam, were supplied under uniform load for beam-arch association bridge. Moreover, its influencing factors and inter-relationship were discussed. With these researches, the paper comparatively fully opens out the transfer mechanism of free beam moment for beam-arch association bridge.
The Research on Load Transverse Distribution Coefficient of Prefabricated Skew-Plate Bridge Based on ANSYS
Authors: Liu Han Bing , Sun Yan Yi
Published: June 2011

In order to calculate the internal force of prefabricated skew-plate bridge (PSPB), the force state of PSPB with different skew angles is analyzed based on finite element technique. For the side slab, the value of load transverse influence lines of PSPB with different skew angles is obtained, at the same time, the relation between load transverse distribution coefficient and skew angle has been studied. Then a practical formula is derived according to the contrast curve. The comparison diagram of internal force between PSPB and main bridge with the same deck width is established, and a modified formula is deduced. This process provides a new idea on calculation of PSPB, and simplifies the design of PSPB.
Experimental Study on In-Plane Behavior of CFST Arch with New-Type Dumbbell-Shaped Section
Authors: Sheng Ye
Published: June 2011

The weakness of traditional dumbbell-shaped section is that when concrete is filled into the web space, great stress is likely to produce cracks in the weld sealing between steel tube and web plates. In order to avoid this condition, a new-type dumbbell-shaped section is proposed. Experiments on concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) model arches with new-type dumbbell-shaped section have been carried out, concentrated loading at crown and L/4 section respectively. The result indicated that the new-type CFST arch has good elastic-plastic behavior and high strength, no local buckling appeared during the whole loading process, its in-plane mechanic behavior is similar with that of the CFST arch with single-tube. The dual nonlinear finite element calculation model is set up for the model arch, by means of this model the load-deflection curves during the loading process and the ultimate load-carrying capacity is analyzed.
Based on Nonlinear Viscous Dampers Seismic Behavior Research of a Long Span Cable-Stayed Bridge
Authors: Jia Hong Yu , Zheng Shi Xiong , Yang Lei , Xia Ming Qiang
Published: June 2011

The seismic behavior research of Fengdu Bridge with nonlinear viscous dampers will be conducted to investigate two parameters of damping coefficient C and damping exponent ξ through nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis. Simultaneously, the analysis results are compared with the seismic response without viscous dampers and proposed control methods and formulas of a reasonable selecting damping coefficient C and damping exponent ξ are provided. The parameters sensitivity study indicates that setting dampers in longitudinal direction of bridge can reduce the relative displacement of key positions and the response of the bridge, the beneficial effect of the isolation in the longitudinal direction, but important amplification occurs in the vertical direction for relatively high frequency components. Moreover, the reference of application of nonlinear viscous damper will be provided for similar projects.
Load Distribution for Moment and Shear on Skewed Bridge Structures
Authors: Zhuang Yi Zhou , Ji Tao , Chen Bao Chun
Published: June 2011

Based on FEA for three bridge models with varying skew angles, the effect of skew angle on the design moment and shear of skewed bridge structures was studied and also compared to AASHTO specifications. The results show that, generally, ASSHTO-LFD covers FEM in moment distribution factor, but a little less in shear distribution factor, and that, however, AASHTO-LRFD reduces moment distribution factor below AASHTO-LFD and near to FEM, but increases shear distribution factor a lot beyond AASHTO-LFD and FEM.
Numerical Approaches to Movement of Suspended Cable under Wind Based on VFIFE
Authors: Zhong Zhen Yu
Published: June 2011

Dynamics response of suspended cable structure is studied in this paper. It is difficult to analyze this type of structure because of non-linear behavior. VFIFE is an efficient method to solve non-linear problems and applied to calculate movement of cable on wide range. Some results are obtained from time history of cable vibration, such as galloping and characteristic frequency. A case of cable movement under wind shows that low frequency in wind speed is main fact impacting on wave of cable.
Application Study on Surface FBG Sensor in Structure Experiment
Authors: Li Shun Guo , Chen Qing Min , Li Hui , Zhu Jian
Published: June 2011

In the experiment of the behaviour of the connection between steel beam and concrete wall, surface FBG sensor and resistance strain gauge were located at the same measuring point of the flange girth of the steel beam. Measuring results show that the measuring effectiveness of both methods is uniform. And the surface FBG sensor has the merits of using conveniently and non-vitiating. So using surface FBG sensor to measure the surface strains of structural members in structure experiment is feasible.
Parameter Effect of Side Retainers on Seismic Response of Bridges with Flexible Rubber Bearings
Authors: Xu Xiang , Liu Wei Qin , Xu Xiu Li , Zhou Ding , Li Xue Hong , Li Zhi Jun
Published: June 2011

This paper studies the parameter effect of side retainers on seismic response of bridges with flexible rubber bearings. The pounding effect between girder and side retainers is analyzed by the nonlinear time-history analysis. The pounding and sliding of bearings are simulated by the nonlinear contact elements. Comparative analysis of seismic performance of bridge with/without retainers is carried out. Furthermore, the seismic performances of ordinary retainers and new retainers are compared. Finally, the effect of side retainer parameters on seismic response of bridge is analyzed. The results indicate that the sliding of elastomeric pad bearing should be considered in seismic design. It is shown that the retainers can effectively restrain the relative displacement between girder and piers, and the new type of retainers can greatly reduce the pounding force. It is also proved that both stiffness and gap of the retainer have significant influences on the pounding force.
Experimental Research on Steel-High Performance Concrete Composite Bridge Towers and Piers
Authors: Wang Chun Sheng , Wang Xin Xin , Wang Qian
Published: June 2011

Steel-concrete composite bridge towers have the advantages of steel and concrete, they have a good prospect in bridge engineering. However, the applications and related researches of composite bridge towers in China are rare. Therefore, in this article, two types of steel-high performance concrete composite bridge tower and pier models, which had none and one row of longitudinal stud connectors, were designed. The axial compression tests were practiced on the two specimens, in order to study the influence of connectors on the mechanical properties of the composite bridge towers and piers. From the tests, the ultimate bearing capacity and failure mode were obtained, and the regularities of strains and deformations were also analyzed. The results show that setting up stud connectors on the composite towers and piers can improve the ductility and the ultimate bearing capacity obviously.
Research on Public Participation in Urban Planning
Authors: Xing Yan , Liu Jing Wen , Li Bing Xin , Zhang Ming , Meng De Guang
Published: June 2011

Public participation is an effective way in promoting the administration of urban planning. Currently, some existing problems of public participation in urban planning can be seen including weak awareness of participation, passive and monotonous ways of participation, limited participating content, and so on. This article aims at boosting the process of public participation in urban planning by putting forward a three-step strategy in the method of raising, analyzing and solving problems.
Harmonizing and Accreting between History and Reality of the European Architectural Heritage
Authors: Zhang Qian
Published: June 2011

There are a lot of architectural heritage be reused in practical life in Europe. The history and the reality can be harmonized and accreted together in these architectural heritages. The original appearance, the building structure and the stone materials are retained of the architectural heritage when they undertake the new social function. When the architectural heritage shows their new face to the people, they also demonstrate their own history and cultural characteristics. All of this is useful for a city to illustrate its development of local culture context. This topic focus on the designing practice of the Musee d'Art Contemporain de Bordeaux of France. From analyzing the designing concept and the designing means of the architects in transferring an old storehouse into a modern museum, the topic does research of the successful experiment in continuing the historic and cultural context and adapting the new function of the architectural heritage itself and its environment. And these researches can give us some inspiration and reference in our correlative research work.
The Application of Space Syntax in the Conservation and Regeneration of Historical Areas
Authors: Xu Bing
Published: June 2011

Based on the key problems of historical areas revitalization and the core theory of Space Syntax, this paper probes into the application of Space Syntax to quantify the space configuration in the conservation and regeneration of historical areas. According to the design process, an ideal framework which includes historical literature research, present situation analysis and optional scheme evaluation is put forward.
Research on the Localization Strategy of Green Building
Authors: Zhang Dong Xu , Liu Da Ping , Xiao Meng , Chen Lei
Published: June 2011

Many factors are promoting the rapid development of green building in China, including the increasingly serious environmental problems, the constant improvement of people’s demands on architectural environment’s quality, the introduction and development of a variety of green building technologies, the successive implementation of accompanying “green building evaluation criteria” and other relevant policies and regulations. All is well known, green building’s design is the premise and necessary conditions of green building development, which is itself a concept of sustainable development, and it emphasizes the adaptation to local conditions, times and issues. The green buildings design includes four main factors: natural factor, technical factor, social factor and economic factor. China is a large developing country with a vast territory, huge population, and there is a tremendous difference in the geographical environment, natural resources, economic development, living standard and social conventions in different regions. So in our country where the green design has just the begun, the realization of green building must take into account the specific characteristics of the definite period of time and the particular region, and must seek the strategies of green building’s localization that are very well suited for self-development. Those strategies are as follows: the adaptation to local environment; the use of local technology; the choice of local materials; the heritage of local culture. In short, our development targets of green building are, focusing on tradition, keeping pace with the times, taking root in the local community and looking forward to the future.
Survey and Revelation about Habitation Demands in the Process of Suburb Peasants Urbanization
Authors: Qian Jian
Published: June 2011

Doing research on suburb resettled residents whose houses are demolished by the means of practical reconnaissance on the spot, door-to-door interview and questionnaire survey, analyze their self-adaptive reconstruction and habitation demands, to summarize the revelation about the planning of demolishing and resettlement communities.
Topology Optimization of Continuum Structures Based on SIMP
Authors: Zhang Hong , Ren Xiao Hui
Published: June 2011

An Optimality Criteria method for topology optimization of continuum structures based on Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization (SIMP) was proposed. The minimum compliance of structures was selected as the objective function of the problem. A mathematical model for topology optimization design of statically loaded structures and the update scheme for the design variables were set. The examples showed that the algorithm has good convergence and application values.
Talk about the Soft Tradition in Architecture
Authors: Yin Wei Ling
Published: June 2011

Building with the times, the traditional architectural form obviously cannot meet the need of modern social life. After the "international style ", modern architecture has been exploring its new features of the times. In which the new regional characteristics is a topic of the times of the building, which relates to the succession of traditional architecture. This article focuses on talking about the soft traditional in Chinese and Japanese architecture and its influence over the modern architecture.
Upper Bound Solution of Ultimate Pullout Capacity of Strip Plate Anchor Subjected to Pore Pressure Based on Hoek-Brown Failure Criterion
Authors: Huang Fu , Yang Xiao Li , Huang Kan
Published: June 2011

Based on a curved failure mechanism, an upper bound solution of ultimate pullout capacity of strip plate anchor subjected to pore pressure is derived using the upper bound theorem of limit analysis in conjunction with Hoek-Brown failure criterion. The effect of water pressure which is assumed to be a work rate of external force is included in the upper bound analysis. By employing variational calculation to minimize the objective function, the upper solution of ultimate pullout capacity is obtained. In order to evaluate the validity of the method, the solutions in this paper are compared with the results using linear multiple blocks failure mechanism. The good agreement shows that the curved failure mechanism is an effective method for evaluating the upper solution of ultimate pullout capacity of strip plate anchor.
Intelligence Evolvement and Overall Design of Architecture Originality
Authors: Zhang Rui , Yang Ben Zhao
Published: June 2011

According to the developing process of full lifecycle design service in architecture development and the dynamic and adaptive process of central design, the paper illustrates the idea that architecture originality takes quietness as its carrier and dynamics as its originality, and put forward that intelligent evolvement process of architectural design is a inexorable trend; through stating the architectural design ideas based on Chinese philosophy system, the originality of “Smart Architecture” based on Chinese speculative philosophy system is fixed, which can offer solid theoretical research basis for the development of architecture nationalization and globalization.