bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous and basophilic sensitivity to substance P and gastrin in non‐atopic versus atopic subjects
Authors: Louis R. E. , Radermecker M. E.
Published: May 2007

We compared the Cutaneous reaction to intradermal injection of substance P, gastrin and histamine in asymptomatic atopic subjects with a history of hay fever and/or asthma versus non‐atopk healthy volunteers. We also studied in these two groups the basophilic histamine release induced by substance P and gastrin with that obtained with anti‐human IgE and Con A. Intradermal injection of substance P (3–300 pM) and gastrin (3–30 pM) caused a wheal and flare reaction which was comparable in both groups of subjects. Substance P 10−4M caused a mean basophilic histamine release of about 15% in atopic and non‐atopic Subjects. Gastrin was not effective in this model. Anti‐IgE and Con A‐induced histamine release was significantly higher in atopic than in non‐atopic volunteers.
Effect of hyperoxia on bronchial response to inhaled methacholine
Authors: Wollner A. , Ben‐Dov L. , Bar‐Yishay E.
Published: May 2007

Bronchial reactivity in a double‐blind controlled study in 10 normal subject and nine asthmatic patients. The normal volunteers were challenged while breathing dry. 21% and 100% O2 and the maximal percent talls in forced expired volume in 1s (FEV1) following inhalation of the highest concentration of MCH (64 mg/ml) were 8±5% and 9±8% respectively. P−‐ NS. The asthmatic patients had their MCH challenge breathing the same gas composition and the provocative concentrations that caused a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC.) were 0.18 mg/ml (range 0.06–5.73) and 0.25 mg/ml (range 0.07–8.49) respectively which were statistically not significantly different. We conclude that in humans. 100% O2 does not affect bronchial reactivity to MCH.
Efficacy of enprofylline in acute airway obstruction
Authors: Sandström T. , Andersen J. R. , Boethius G. , Eriksson G. , Hagman A. , Helsted M. , Lund B. , Matsols H. , Månsson T. , Rosenhall L.
Published: May 2007

The efficacy and safety of different regiments of intravenously administered enprofylline, an anti‐asthma xanthine, were evaluated in a randomized open study, including 155 patients with acute exacerbation of obstructive long disease. The regimen 2.5 mg/kg i.v over 10 min was canceled after seven patients had been included, due to tow cases of hypotensive/vasovagal reactions. The regimens 2.0 mg/kg/20 min and 2.5 mg/kg/20 min were significantly more effective with regard to bronchodilation than 2.0 mg/kg/10 min (PEF Increase +35%+ 30% and +17% respectively). Nausea and headache were the most common side effects (16–33% and 23–33% of the patients respectively on different regimens) with the lowest frequency on 2.0 mg/kg/20 min Four additional hypotensive reactions occurred: one on each 2.0 mg/kg regimen and two on 2.5 mg/kg/20 min. The regimen 2.0 mg/kg/20 min was found to be the most favourable with regard to efficacy and side effects. Enprofylline i.v. was found to be an effective bronchodilating treatment of acute airway obstruction but the frequency of side effects has to be considered.
Bacteria‐induced histamine release from human bronchoalveolar cells and blood leukocytes
Authors: Clementsen P. , Milman N. , Struve‐Christensen E. , Petersen B. Nüchel , Pedersen M. , Bisgaard H. , Permin H. , Norn S.
Published: May 2007

Histamine release induced by Staphylococcus aureus was examined in cells obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in non‐topic individuals. Approximately half of the individuals responded with mediatior release to the bacterium, and the release was found to be time‐ and concentration dependent. No difference was found between the patients obtained by who responded and those who did not respond in regard to age, sex, smoker/nonsmoker % recovery of BAL‐fluid, total cell count, differential cell counts, histamine content per mast cell, or diagnoses. Also stimulation of the BAL‐cells with the calcium‐ionophore A23187 resulted in histamine release, S. aureus‐induced histamine release from basophils was examined in leukocyte suspensions obtained from the same individuals, and in all experiments release was found. The dose‐response curves were similar to those obtained with BAL cells‐ The bacteria‐induced mediator release from superficially lying cells in the airways epithelium might be of importance for the precipitation or exacerbation of bronchial asthma in respiratory tract infections.
Detection of IgE‐binding activity in serum after intranasal treatment of normal rabbits with P. judaica extract
Authors: Mistrello G. , Raplsarda G. , Falagiani P.
Published: May 2007

Local intranasal immunotherapy relieves the allergic symptoms of rhinitic patients but little is known about the absorption and distribution of inhaled allergens in the body. The aim of this study was to establish whether allergenic proteins are able to reach the bloodstream by penetrating through the nasal mucosa when aqueous P. judaica extract was administered into the nostrils of normal rabbits. Optimal conditions for a sensitive modified RAST (immunocapture RAST) were set up and the method was used to detect clinically relevant allergenic activity in the systemic circulation. The kinetic profile after intranasal treatment was compared with the profile after intravenous injection of the allergenic extract. The findings are discussed in relation to the mechanism by which local immunotherapy acts.
Biological assays for interleukin 1 detection
Authors: Remvig L. , Vibe‐Petersen J. , Svenson M. , Enk C. , Bendtzen K.
Published: May 2007

Various biological assays are used for qualitative and quantitative measurements of interleukin 1 (IL‐1) in supernatants from cell cultures. The purpose of the present study was to compare the specificity and variability of three cellular IL‐1 bioassays: the PHA co‐stimulatory human T lymphocyte proliferation assay, the PHA co‐stimulatory murine thymocyte (THY) proliferation assay, and the 2‐step NOB‐1 conversion assay. Three different ways of IL‐1 unit calculation, based on a semi‐logarithmic plot, a double‐logarithmic plot, or a probit‐analysis plot were also compared. The T lymphocyte assay can be used only to demonstrate qualitative differences in IL‐1‐like activity, whereas the THY assay is excellent as a semi‐quantitative assay, with a low intra‐assay variability, but also with a low specificity. The NOB‐1 assay is probably more specific with respect to IL‐1 measurement, although, with a high intra‐assay variance. The THY and the NOB‐1 assays both have a high inter‐assay variability, and measurement of samples from longitudinal clinical studies must be done in one and the same analysis if quantitative differences are to be illustrated, Probit analysis for unit calculation is recommended. To generate a consensus view as to assay performance, collaborative laboratory studies are needed.
Significance of sampling height of airborne particles for aerobiological information
Authors: Rantio‐Lehtimäki A. , Koivikko A. , Kupias R. , Mäkinen Y. , Pohjola A.
Published: May 2007

Pollen and spore counts from Burkard traps for routine pollen and spore sampling placed at 15 m above ground and at ground level were compared. Daily counts of most pollen types were higher on the ground than at roof level, but the counts were significantly correlated. The ratios of pollen frequencies at high and low levels varied between 1.0 and 11.5. The most prominent differences were recorded for herbaceous pollen (e.g. Artemisia counts 11 5 and Poaceae counts 4.4 times higher at ground level) and in Botrytis and Ustilaginales spores. Tree pollen grains and basidiomycetous spores were more equally distributed. Wind speed did not affect the variation of pollen frequencies at either height. Large spores are not so unevenly distributed as previously supposed. Artemisia and grass pollen was detected 1 to 2 weeks earlier at ground level than on the roof. It is therefore concluded that especially the beginning of flowering should be monitored at a low level.
Fixed eruption due to erythromycin
Authors: Florido Lopez J. F. , Lopez Silrrano M. C. , Hernandez J. Belchi , Estrada Rodriguez J. L.
Published: May 2007

A case of fixed eruption due to erythromycin is reported. To our knowledge there have been only two previous descriptions. Cross‐sensitivity with other macrolide were not demonstrated.
Use of the extended Phadebas RAST® panel in the diagnosis of mould allergy in asthmatic children
Authors: Koivikko A. , Viander M. , Lanner Å.
Published: May 2007

The clinical significance of mould allergens in Phadebas RAST® panel was investigated in 121 asthmatic children. They were selected from a total population of 1649 patients. The patients were distributed into four groups, based on the combination of positive or negative skin prick tests (SPT) together with symptoms suggestive or not of mould sensitivity. Mould‐specific IgE antibodies were investigated using the original RAST panel (Alternaria, Aspergilius, Candida, Cladosporium, Mucor and Penicillium) and a set of 10 additional mould‐allergen discs (Aureobasidium, Batrytis, Currularia, Epicoccum, Fusarium, Helminthosporion, Phama, Rhizopus, Stemphylium and Trichoderma). The set of additional RAST dises revealed patients with mould‐reaginic antibodies not found with the original RAST panel. This occurred in four of 49 (8.2%) RAST positive (class 2) patients. The allergens most frequently positive were Cladosporium (in 28% of the patients). Candida (28%) and Helminthosporium (26%). A remarkable degree of simulataneous reactivity to almost all moulds rested was observed. Patients with multiple ( 7) mould sensitization were effectively pinpointed using any duplicate combination of Aureabasidium, Botryts, Candida, Cladesporium, Helminthosporium, Pencillium and Stemphylium.
Capsaicin pretreatment does not inhibit allergen‐induced airway microvascular leakage in guinea pig
Authors: Lötvall J. O. , Hui K. P. , Löfdahl C. G. , Barnes P. J. , Chung K. F.
Published: May 2007

We have studied the effects of tachykinin‐depletion on airway microvascular leakage induced by allergen challenge in ovalbumin‐sensitised guinea pigs, Tachykinin‐depletion was obtained by capsacin pretreatment 1 week before inhaled allergen challenge. Capsaicin pretreatment did not change airway microvascular permeability induced by allergen challenge. Capsaicin pretreatment did not change airway microvascular permeability induced by allergen challenge. Thus, sensory neuropeptides may not be important in allergen induced acute airway microvascular leakage in guinea pig in vivo.
Purification of a 20 kD allergen from Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Samuelsen H. , Karlsson‐Borgä Å. , Paulsen B. S. , Wold J. K. , Rolfsen W.
Published: May 2007

Sera from patients sensitized to Aspergillus fumigatus (A.f.) were screened for specific IgE using sodiumdodecylsulphate‐gradient‐polyacrylamidegelelectrophoresis (SDSgPAGE) followed by immunoblotting to nitrocellulose. Approximately 25 IgE‐binding components were detected. The components of molecular weight 20, 31, 44, 50. 53, 77 and 90 kD were reacting with more than 50% of the patients. The 90, 77 and 20‐KD components showed up as the strongest IgE‐binding bands. The 20‐KD component, called Ag 20 KD, was purified and further characterized. Ag 20 kD was purified to apparent homogeneity. Using a combination of size‐exclusion chromatography on a Sephacryl S‐200 column, preparative isoelectric focusing in a pI 2.5–6.5 gradient, and a Sephadex G‐50 Superfine column. Fractions were characterized with protein and carbohydrate analyses, RAST and SDSgPAGE followed by immunoblotting to nitrocellulose. Ag 20 kD was found to be a glycoprotein as it stained with both Coomassie Brilliant Blue and PAS. However, it did not bind Con A, and thus, did probably not contain any terminal α‐D mannopyranosyl and glucose was found to be 2:1:0.5. The isoelectric point was heterogeneous within pH range 5–6, and the molecular weight was estimated to approximately 20 kD. An increased RAST response was shown for the purified component compared with crude extract using patient sera reacting with Ag 20. The antigen was shown not to be identical with the previously described Ag 3. Neither did it fit the description of Ag 5, 7 or 13 earlier described by the same group. The antigen is going to be used for further immunochemical and clinical investigations, and coupling to other systems for antigen characterization.
Clinical features of atopic dermatitis and a family history of atopy
Authors: Rudzki E. , Samoghocki Z. , Litewska D. , Rebandel P. , Saciuk E. , Ragzka A.
Published: May 2007

In 365 children and 213 adults the characteristics of atopic dermatitis isolared by Hanifin and Rajka were analysed in relation to a family history of allergy. A positive history in both parents and/or their families was associated with higher IgE titres. Earlier appearance of skin changes more frequent occurrence of urticaria. Allergic respiratory diseases. Cheilitis. And in women, nipple eczema. These changes were less frequent and the IgE titre was lower in patients with one atopic parent. And even less frequent for lower IgE entre in patients with no family history of atopic disease. Although the latter difference was sometimes slight.
Cytokine‐induced histamine release from basophils of AIDS patients
Authors: Pedersen M. , Permin H. , Bindslev‐Jensen C. , Bendtzen K. , Norn S.
Published: May 2007

Basophil leukocytes obtained from AIDS patients, allergic patients and healthy control were stimulated in vitro with interleukin 4, lymphotoxin, tumour necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma to examine the histamine releasing effect. The cytokines caused histamine release from the basophils of approximately half the AIDS patients and from 8–17% of the allergic patients. No response was obtained in the control group. Removal of cell surface immunoglobulins abolished the response to cytokines, indicating an Ig‐dependent mechanism. Passive sensitization with cell‐derived Ig, with Ig deprived of IgE, or with IgG, indicated that cell‐bound IgE was responsible for the cytokine‐induced histamine release in AIDS patients. This response may be mediated by cytokine‐selective IgE antibodies.
Virus, bacteria and lipopolysaccharide increase basophil cell response to histamine releasing stimulators and calcium
Authors: Clementsen P. , Kristensen K. S. , Norn S.
Published: May 2007

Histamine release from human basophil leukocytes from allergic patients or controls was induced by specific antigens, anti‐IgE or calcium ionophore A23187, Influenza A virus, S. aureus and lipopolysaccharide from S. typhimurium increased the maximum release of histamine and caused a shift lo the left of the dose‐response curves showing increased cell sensitivity and lowering of the threshold to these stimuli. The mechanism of action was elucidated by examining the mediator release as a function of increasing extracellular concentration of calcium, in these experiments the dose‐response curves were changed by the microorganisms and lipopolysaccharide as before. This indicates that the microorganisms and lipopolysaccharide change the basophil cell response to IgE‐dependent and non‐immunological stimuli by causing a change in the subcellular handling of calcium.
Histamine hyperresponsiveness of the extrathoracic airway in patients with asthmatic symptoms
Authors: Bucca C. , Rolla G. , Scappaticci E. , Baldi S. , Caria E. , Oliva A.
Published: May 2007

Functional abnormalities of the extrathoracic airway (EA) may produce symptoms mimicking bronchial asthma. We assessed the bronchial (B) and EA responsiveness to inhaled histamine in 40 patients with asthmatic symptoms and in nine asymptomatic controls. FEV, and maximal mid‐inspiratory flow (MIF50) were used as index of bronchial and EA narrowing. Hyperresponsiveness of the intra‐(BHR) or extra‐(EA‐HR) thoracic airway was diagnosed when the provocative concentrations of histamine (PC20FEV1 or PC25MIF50) were <8mg/ml. Fiberoptic laryngoscopy was performed in nine patients and three controls. The glottal region was measured at mid‐volume of maximal inspiration (AgMI) and expiration (AgME) before and after histamine. Predominant EA‐HR was found in 13 patients, predominant BHRin 12, equivalent BHR and EA‐HR in another 12; no significant airway narrowing was observed in three patients and in the nine controls. EA‐HR was significantly associated with female sex, sinusitis, post‐nasal drip, dysphonia; BHR with atopy, wheezing and lower MEF50. The percent change in AgMI after histamine was closely related to the PC25MIF50, (r = 0.87, P < 0.001), that of AgME to the PC20FEV1 (r = 0.78. P < 0.01). These findings suggest that the assessment of EA responsiveness may be useful in the evaluation of asthmatic symptoms, especially in patients with no BHR.
Asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic eczema in Finnish children and adolescents
Authors: Pöysä L. , Korppi M. , Pietikäinen M. , Remes K. , Juntunen‐Backman K.
Published: May 2007

The parents of 3649 Finnish children and adolescents were interviewed in 1980 to evaluate the prevalence of bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. The same group was interviewed 6 years later to determine the incidence of new cases of bronchial asthma in the 1980s. Age‐ and sex‐matched samples were taken from three areas, southern, eastern and northern Finland to allow assessment of possible regional differences in prevalences and incidences. The prevalences of atopic eczema, allergic rhinitis and asthma were 1.7%, 6.0% and 4.3%, respectively. These figures are similar to those found in previous studies in Scandinavia and Finland over 10 years ago. The prevalence of atopy was highest (6.4%) in southern Finland, which is the most urbanized area of our country. The prevalence of asthma was highest (3.3%) in northern Finland. This is still low when compared with the incidences in other European countries. The prevalences of asthma and atopy were lowest in eastern Finland which is the most agrarian area. The incidence of asthma was 1.5 cases/1000 individuals/year, but no regional differences were shown.
Failure of inhibitory effects by platelets on super‐oxide anion generation from stimulated neutrophils in a severe bronchial asthmatic
Authors: Kurosawa M. , Kobayashi H. , Kobayashi S. , Nakano M.
Published: May 2007

Blood was drawn from healthy human volunteers and a 30‐year‐old woman with severe bronchial asthma (atopic and perennial type), whose peripheral blood platelets counts were continuously higher than 60 × 104/mm1. Neutrophils were purified on a Conray‐Ficoll gradient and platelets were isolated by a gel filtration method with Sepharose 2B. Superoxide anion (02−) generation from the cells was measured by 2‐methyl‐6‐[p‐methoxyphenyl]‐3,7‐dihydroimidazo [1,2‐a]purazin‐3–one (MCLA)‐dependent luminescence. Addition of 0.5 μM MCLA and 10−8M N‐formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (fMLP) or 10 ng/ml phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) to a suspension of platelets obtained from the healthy controls and the patient caused no significant MCLA‐dependent luminescence. Of generation by neutrophils from healthy human volunteers, activated by 10−8 M fMLP or 10 ng/ml PMA, was inhibited by their platelets in a concentration‐dependent manner. Platelets from the patient failed to inhibit 02− generation from neutrophils activated by 10−8 M fMLP. Cu‐Zn superoxide dismutase concentrations in platelets from healthy human volunteers were not higher than the patient's. These data suggest that the absence of inhibition of superoxide generation from activated neutrophils by platelets might be involved in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma.
Tolerance to aztreonam in patients allergic to betalactam antibiotics
Authors: Vega J. M. , Blanca M. , García J. J. , Miranda A. , Carmona M. J. , García A. , Moya M. C. , Sanchez F. , Terrados S.
Published: May 2007

To evaluate the safe use of aztreonam (AZT) in patients allergic to penicillins and other betalactam antibiotics we studied 29 patients from a group of subjects allergic to betalactams, diagnosed by presenting systemic reactions after skin tests or challenge tests. Skin tests with benzylpenicilloyl (BPO), benzylpenicilloate, benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephamandole and AZT, radioallergosorbent test (RAST) to BPO and AZT, RAST inhibition and challenge tests were performed. One patient was skin test‐positive to AZT, another patient was RAST AZT‐positive. IgE antibodies were specific to AZT as demonstrated by RAST inhibition studies with AZT coupled to epsilon‐amino caproic acid. Nevertheless, AZT was unable to inhibit either a pool of sera or individual sera positive to BPO. Although all our 29 patients tolerated the administration of AZT (including those with skin test or RAST positive) and AZT appears to be safe in these subjects, this does not indicate that all betalactam‐allergic patients tolerate AZT administration
HIV antigen‐induced release of histamine from basophils from HIV infected patients
Authors: Pedersen M. , Nielsen C. M. , Permin H.
Published: May 2007

Basophil leukocytes from 39 HIV‐infected patients with various degrees of immunodeficiency and disease progression were stimulated with an HIV antigen preparation. Cells from 19 of 22 patients with AIDS and all of six patients with milder degrees of HXV‐related disease showed significant histamine release. In contrast, cells from 11 asymptomatic HIV‐infected patients and 11 healthy control persons released no histamine. The histamine release induced by HIV antigen was found to be inversely correlated to the number of CD4 positive T lymphocytes. These results indicate that the histamine release was related to both the clinical stage of disease and the degree of immunodeficiency. Passive sensitization experiments showed that IgE, but not IgG, was reponsible for the induction of histamine release, indicating the reaction to be type 1 allergic. The histamine release caused by HIV might be involved in the development of disease because of the immunomodulating properties of this mediator.
Measurement of PC20 histamine with the use of two different nebulizers and measurement of FEV1 and PEF
Authors: Iversen M. , Harving H. , Pedersen B.
Published: May 2007

Histamine challenge was performed in 19 patients using two nebulizers (PARI and Wright) and FEV1 and PEF were measured to determine PCOT histamine. FEV1 and PEF gave identical PC20 histamine values. The PARI nebulizer gave PC20 histamine values that were 2.5 doubling concentrations lower than the Wright nebulizer. The reproducibility of histamine challenge with the PARI nebulizer1 was studied in 15 patients and the results suggested that the challenge was reproducible within one doubling concentration of histamine.
Effect of certirizine on histamine‐induced bronchoconstriction and bronchoalveolar cells
Authors: Söderberg M. , Lundgren R. , ÅNgström T.
Published: May 2007

The effect of the histamine H1 receptor antagonist (cetirizine) on histamine‐induced bronchoconstriction and inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was studied in 12 healthy volunteers. In previous studies we have observed an increased number of inflammatory cells, albumin and hyaluronan in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid 24 h after an inhalation challenge test with histamine‐chloride. In the present study certirizine blocked the histamine‐induced bronchoconstriction but did not influence the cell counts in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Our result suggests that the histamine‐induced bronchoconstriction but not the recruitment of inflammatory cells in the BAL fluid is mediated by histamine HI receptors.
Bovine serum albumin immunization: a new risk of allergy during protocols for in vitro fertilization
Authors: Moneret‐Vautrin A. , Wal J.‐M. , Guillet‐Rossof F. , Gérard H. , Boulard P.
Published: May 2007

Three patients having undergone protocols for in vitro fertilization (IVF) showed an allergic reaction suggesting seric disease 6 to 10 days after follicle aspiration. The responsibilitty of bovine serum albumin, present in the follicle‐rinsing fluid and in the medium used for embryo culture was suspected. An immunological study was carried out, using two groups for comparison. Group 1: 7 controls. Group 2: 11 women having undergone IVF protocols without incident. Anti‐BSA antibodies were present in low quantities in one or two subclasses of IgG and IgA in Group 1, and in several subclasses at higher levels in nine of 11 subjects from Group 2. The IgG4 response predominated 7 times out of 9. The antibody content gradually fell after the IVF attempt. An immune response predominated in the IgG1 in two patients. Skin test for the two fluids and USA were positive only in the three patients. These results show the frequency of immunization to BSA induced through the ovarian and peritoneal pathways. Seric disease corresponds to a rise in IgG1. The association of a IgE‐dependent sensitization is suspected. The authors suggest the possibility of an interference of these immune processes with implantation and propose the elimination of heterologous proteins from fluids. They also suggest that LH‐RH analogues facilitate immune responses.
Severe anaphylactic reaction to thymostimulin
Authors: Marcos C. , Quirce S. , Compaired J. A. , Lazaro M. , Igea J. M. , Cuesta J. , Losada E.
Published: May 2007

Thymostimulin is a partially purified extract of calf thymus, consisting of a group of polypeptides with a total molecular weight of approximately 12,000 D. It is used as an immunologic response modifier in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies. We report a patient who had a severe anaphylactic reaction with the first injection of thymostimulin. Type I hypersensitivity to thymostimulin was suggested by an immediate skin test response, specific IgE determination by indirect ELISA and a positive histamine release test. This patient also reacted to bovine serum albumin (BSA), fetal calf serum (PCS) and cow hair and dander. The controls did not react to any of these tests. Clinicians need to be aware that the use of medical products of xenogeneic origin may lead to severe allergic reactions.
Effect of cigarette smoking on the humoral immune response in pigeon fanciers
Authors: Carrillo T. , de Castro F. Rodriguez , Cuevas M. , Diaz F. , Cabrera P.
Published: May 2007

Tobacco smoking is associated with increased prevalence of various diseases. In this study, we have used an indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to investigate the specific IgG response to pigeon serum and its relationship to tobacco smoking. In a large group of pigeon fanciers the development of pigeon breeder's disease and some of the clinical features were also investigated. We found a sensitization rate of 31.9%, a lower degree than that found by other authors, in spite of using a less specific antigen. We also found that fanciers who are current cigarette smokers had significantly lower levels of IgG antibody to pigeon serum (P < 0.001). Finally, 11.9% of the population had chronic bronchitis as their only manifestation of possible pigeon‐related disease. 19.6% of the sensitized fanciers had chronic bronchitis, were non‐smokers and had no other risk factor for developing chronic bronchitis.
In vitro screening for inhalant allergy with multi SX 1 RAST® (Phadiatop®)
Authors: Köhl C. , Debelić M.
Published: May 2007

A new in vitro screening test for inhalant allergy (Phadiatop®, Pharmacia Uppsala, Sweden) was evaluated for its effectiveness in identifying allergic patients. The test is based on the radio‐allergo‐sorbent‐test (RAST®). Specific IgE antibodies to different inhalant allergens are detected simultaneously. Serum samples from 300 patients and controls were run with Phadiatop. 96% of 150 patients with proved allergic disease were correctly identified by Phadiatop. 92% of 150 individuals without clinically relevant allergic hypersensitivity were found correctly to be negative. Allergic disease was proved or excluded by case history, skin prick test, RAST and, in some cases, additionally by provocation challenge.
Clinical characteristics of patients with repeated systemic reactions during specific immunotherapy with hymenoptera venoms
Authors: Rzany B. , Przybilla B. , Jarisch R. , Aberer W. , Dietschi R. , Wüthrich B. , Bühler B. , Frosch P. , Rakoski J. , Kiehn H. , Kuhn W. , Urbanek R. , Ring J.
Published: May 2007

In general, specific immunotherapy with hymenoptera venoms can be considered as safe, but occasionally there are patients who cannot reach the maintenance dose due to repeated systemic reactions (RSR) or who suffer from RSR during maintenance therapy. In a multicenter retrospective study comprising seven departments in Germany, Austria and Switzerland 23 patients with RSR were reported from approximately 3000 patients treated with hymenoptera venoms (bee and wasp venom to approximately equivalent frequency). From these, 22 were allergic to bee venom and only one to vespid venom. In general the clinical symptoms of RSR were milder than the initial reaction. But 4/23 (18%) exhibited cardiovascular reactions up to full shock. Neither anamnestic details, reactivity in skin tests or in vitro tests revealed a special pattern of patients with RSR. In some patients, however, an extremely high reactivity in the skin test was found and may indicate the possibility of further RSR.
Increased chemokinetic and chemotactic responses of eosinophils in asthmatic patients
Authors: Griffin E. , Håkansson L. , Formgren H. , Jörgensen K. , Venge P.
Published: May 2007

The aim of the present study was to investigate the migratory responses of eosinophil and neutrophil granulocytes from asthmatic patients compared with granulocytes from healthy individuals. Twenty‐three patients with unstable and severe asthma and blood eosinophilia (>400 × 106 cells/l) were selected for the study. Eosinophil and neutrophil chemotactic and chemokinetic responses were tested twice, at the beginning and end of a 5 week treatment period. Lung function was followed by daily measurements of PEF. The eosinophils of the asthmatics demonstrated increased chemokinetic responses to albumin, autologous serum, and normal human serum (NHS), and an increased chemotactic response to NHS at the beginning of the treatment period compared with eosinophils from the references. At the end of the period, the eosinophil chemokinetic responses to albumin, autologous serum and NHS were still increased and so was the chemotactic response to zymosan‐activated serum (ZAS). The neutrophil migratory responses were not increased compared with those of the references, except for the chemokinetic response to autologous serum, which was increased both at the beginning and end of the treatment period. Patients in whom die eosinophil migratory responses, to most of the agents used, decreased over the treatment period, demonstrated a significantly greater improvement of their lung function at the end of the period compared with patients in whom the eosinophil migratory responses increased. However, no direct relationship between eosinophil migratory responses and lung function of the patients was found. In conclusion, the present investigation demonstrated increased migratory responses of eosinophils from asthmatic patients. This enhanced responsiveness is proposed to be due to priming of the eosinophils in vivo, and might be one mechanism behind the selective recruitment of eosinophils to the lungs of asthmatics.
Reversal and prevention of airway response to antigen challenge by the inhaled leukotriene D4 antagonist (L‐648, 051) in patients with atopic asthma
Authors: Rasmussen J. B. , Eriksson L.‐O. , Andersson K.‐E.
Published: May 2007

We examined the ability of the inhaled leukotriene D4 antagonist (L‐648, 051) to inhibit antigen‐induced asthmatic responses. Twelve patients with stable exogenous asthma participated in two separate double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over trials. The ability of the antagonist to reverse or inhibit antigen‐induced bronchoconstrictor response was examined; both the immediate and the late phases were studied. In the reversal study, patients inhaled 800 μ of L‐648, 051 during the immediate phase (15 min after antigen challenge) and again during in the late phase (7 h after antigen challenge). In the prevention study, the same dose (800 μ) of L‐648, 051 was inhaled before the expected immediate reaction (5 min before antigen challenge) as well as before the expected late reaction (2.5 h after antigen challenge). The LTD4 antagonist was not effective in reversing the airway response to inhaled antigen, as measured by airway resistance (Rt), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) or forced vital capacity (FVC). When the antagonist was given prior to antigen challenge, a slight reduction in R1 was observed during the immediate phase, but not during the late phase. Some improvement in FEV1 and FVC during the immediate phase was also observed, but these changes did not reach statistical significance. These results suggest that LTD4 plays a role in the immediate phase of antigen‐induced asthma.
Occupational asthma in bakeries caused by sensitivity to α‐amylase
Authors: BlancoCarmona J. G. , Picón S. Juste , Sotillos M. Garcés
Published: May 2007

We report on a patient with asthma induced by occupational exposure to α‐amylase derived from Aspergillus oryzae, which is a component of bread additives. A type I hypersensitivity to this enzyme was demonstrated by means of skin test, immunoassay for specific IgE, and immediate bronchial provocation test response to an α‐amylase extract.
Personal spore sampling and indirect immunofluorescent test for exploration of hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to mould spores
Authors: Zwick H. , Popp W. , Braun O. , Wanke T. , Wagner C.
Published: May 2007

Sensitization to mould spores was investigated in six patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis, eight patients with idiopathic lung fibrosis, and six healthy controls by immunodiffusion and immunofluorescent testing of personal spore samples. The new technique of personal spore sampling with the Burkard personal volumetric air sampler and indirect immunofluorescent test for detection of spore‐specific IgG and IgM confirmed that five patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis and four with lung fibrosis were actually exposed and sensitized to moulds. Personal spore sampling and subsequent immunofluorescent tests represent sensitive tools for detection of individual mould sensitization and air quality control.
Comparison of antigenic and allergenic components of Holoptelea integrifolia pollen collected from different source materials
Authors: Malik P. , Singh A. B. , Gangal S. V. , Babu C. R.
Published: May 2007

Antigenic extracts prepared from pollen samples collected at weekly intervals during the same season did not exhibit significant variation in protein concentration. Stored pollen samples from different years, however, showed highly significant variations in protein concentration. The protein content of samples from different ecozones of India also varied (CV =± 32%). The IEF and SDS‐PAGE patterns were almost identical in samples from the same season, but were variable in the samples stored from different years and different parts of India. IgE binding proteins from different samples also varied depending on the overall protein profiles. Almost all the patients, however, showed IgE binding to four proteins at 50, 60, 66 and 70 kD, indicating the important allergenic components of Holoptelea integrifolia.
Allergen‐containing immune complexes used for immunotherapy of allergic asthma
Authors: Poulsen L. K. , Lundberg L. , Søndergaard I. , Weeke B.
Published: May 2007

In a previous study guinea pigs inbred for their ability to develop respiratory anaphylaxis to experimental antigens have been used for comparison of different forms of immunotherapy (IT). Passive, active and combined (immune complexes prepared from antigen and specific IgG) IT was compared with placebo. In the present study methods were evaluated for determination of the allergen‐specific IgE and IgG. IgE was determined by the passive cutaneous anaphylactic test (PCA) and the variability of this test on different strains of the recipient guinea pig was investigated. The same strain as used for the IT study was found to produce the most potent response. Radioimmunometric assays (RIA) were developed and validated for determination of specific IgG1 and IgG2. The IgE and IgG immune response in animals from the IT study were then evaluated by means of PCA and RIA. Animals from all four treatment groups were sensitized during the first part of the IT study, and responded with a marked IgE synthesis which later stabilized on a more moderate level. In spite of notably reduced symptoms in groups treated with active and combined IT, no difference in the IgE level was found between the four groups. In contrast to IgE, mean group titers of IgG1 and IgG2 in the groups receiving active or combined IT rose drastically during the first part of therapy and closely paralleled the clinical response during the rest of the study period. However, in the individual animals, no correlations were found between immune response and clinical symptoms. Thus, the strong IgG response during immunotherapy may not be causally related to the outcome of treatment.
Local immune response and bronchial reactivity in rats after capsaicin treatment
Authors: Nilsson G. , Alving K. , Lundberg J. M. , Ahlstedt S.
Published: May 2007

The interaction between the nervous system, immune system and bronchial reactivity was studied in rat by using the neurotoxin capsaicin. Rats were treated with capsaicin at 1‐2 days of age or at adult age, before or after sensitization by subcutaneous injections with ovalbumin (OA). The levels of the neuropeptides neurokinin A and calcitonin gene‐related peptide were decreased in the lung after capsaicin treatment, as determined with radioimmunoassay, whereas the levels of neuropeptide Y were unaffected. The levels of IgA, IgE and IgG in bronchial lavage were also affected by capsaicin treatment; however, the results were heterogeneous. Capsaicin treatment after sensitization reduced the bronchial reactivity to challenge with OA aerosol and serotonin iv. The results demonstrated that reduction of neuropeptide levels with capsaicin affected both bronchial reactivity and the levels of antibodies in bronchial lavage fluid. However, no correlation between these two parameters was seen, demonstrating the complexity of the system.
Occupational rhinitis and asthma caused by inhalation of Balfourodendron riedelianum (Pau Marfim) wood dust
Authors: Basomba A. , Burches E. , Almodovar A. , Hernandez D. , Rojas F. de
Published: May 2007

The case of a 30‐year‐old wood‐worker, with rhinitís and asthma induced by exposure to the dust of Pau Marfim wood (Balfourodendron riedelianum) is reported. Hypersensitivity to this wood was confirmed by positive skin test, bronchial challenge test and RAST. The bronchial response was inhibited by sodium cromoglycate. Unexposed persons did not exhibit reactivity to this wood in any of the tests. When electrophoretic analysis of proteins in polyacrylamide gel was applied to a crude (phosphate‐buffered) extract, an homogeneous distribution of low MW material was detected, with no clearly defined bands, suggesting the presence of filamentous type proteins. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first reported case of occupational rhinitis and asthma due to Pau Marfim wood dust. A type I (IgE‐mediated) hypersensitivity mechanism was demonstrated but the non‐glomerular nature of the proteins precluded further identification of the antigens involved.
Passive smoking and childhood asthma
Authors: Willers S. , Svenonius E. , Skarping G.
Published: May 2007

Passive exposure to tobacco smoke was assessed in children with asthma (age 3‐15) and in referents. There was statistically significantly (P < 0.0005) higher excretion of the nicotine metabolite, cotinine, in the urine of 49 children with asthma (geometric mean 10 ng/ml) compared with 77 referents (4.8 ng/ml). Maternal smoking was statistically significantly more prevalent among the asthmatics than among the referents (relative risk = RR = 2.6, 95% Cl = 1.2‐5.3). In conclusion, the exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in asthmatic children was higher than among healthy children, indicating that passive smoking may be a predisposing and/or aggravating factor for childhood asthma.
Pollen sensitization and allergy in children depend on the pollen load
Authors: Zwick H. , Popp W. , Jager S. , Wagner C. , Reiser K. , Horak F.
Published: May 2007

We investigated the influence of grass and birch pollen load on specific IgE response, skin prick test reactivity, and manifest allergic disorders of the eyes and respiratory tract. The study population was two groups of 200 children each, matched in sex and age, who were domiciled in areas with high and low pollen load, respectively. In the children from the area with high pollen load, the grass pollen load was 1.7 times higher than in the other and only specific IgE to grass pollen was found to be present more frequently (23.5 % as against 12.5%; P < 0.01), In the same area, the birch pollen load was 2.8 times higher, which caused specific IgE in 10.5% as against 3.5% of the other group (P < 0.01) as well as positive skin prick test in 9.0% as against 3.5% (P < 0.05), Reports of subjective complaints were rare among the group with high pollen load but the total number did not amount to a statistically significant increase. There was no difference between the two groups concerning sensitization and allergy to house dust mite. This suggests that the influence of the pollen load is strongest on the development of specific IgE, and less on skin test reactivity and manifest allergies.
Aspergillus fumigatus specific IgE and IgG antibodies for diagnosis of Aspergillus‐related lung diseases
Authors: Wallenbeck I. , Dreborg S. , Zetterström O. , Einarsson R.
Published: May 2007

IgE and IgG antibodies against Aspergillus fumigatus were detected by crossed radio immunoelectrophoresis (CRIE) on the sera of seven patients with aspergilloma, six patients with allergic broncho‐pulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and 25 patients with extrinsic asthma with Aspergillus allergy. IgE‐CRIE analysis indicated the presence of A. fumigatus‐specific IgE in sera of patients with ABPA and Aspergillus asthma but not of aspergilloma patients. IgG‐CRIE showed that both aspergilloma and ABPA patient sera contained high levels of circulating specific IgG antibodies in contrast to sera of Aspergillus asthma patients, which did not show detectable amounts of Aspergillus‐specific IgG antibodies. Specific IgE binding could be demonstrated for the major allergens Ag‐10 and AG‐40 in all ABPA patients, in 80% of Aspergillus asthma patients but not in sera from aspergilloma patients. Specific IgG antibodies directed towards the major allergens could be detected in most of the aspergilloma patients, between 30–70% of the ABPA patients but not in sera from patients with Aspergillus asthma.
Liposomes as vehicle for allergen presentation in the immunotherapy of allergic diseases
Authors: Arora N. , Gangal S. V.
Published: May 2007

Liposomes are non‐toxic, biodegradable and weakly immunogenic lipid vesicles which can be used as immunomodulating agents. In the present study, multilamellar vesicles (MLV) and small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) were used to incorporate an allergenic protein from Artemisia scoparia pollen. MLV incorporated more allergenic protein than SUV. To assess the immunomodulating effect of allergen entrapped in liposomes, Swiss strain mice (made IgE responders) were injected with either free allergen or liposome‐entrapped allergen (LEA) and their immune response was measured in terms of specific IgG and specific IgE levels. Results indicated that specific IgE response was significantly lower in mice injected LEA (P < 0.02) than in mice injected free allergenic protein. Although specific IgG response was higher in mice injected LEA, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Potential use of liposomes as non‐immunogenic biocompatible vehicle for antigen presentation in immunotherapy will be discussed.
Are deficiencies of prostaglandin‐E‐mediated immunoregulation involved in increased IgE synthesis of atopic mononuclear cells in vitro?
Authors: Melnik B. , Plewig G. , Tschung T.
Published: May 2007

We demonstrate that spontaneous in vitro immunoglobulin E synthesis of atopic peripheral blood mononuclear cells could be suppressed by the addition of 10−6 M to 10−5 M prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) or PGE2. Impaired suppressor T lymphocyte maturation and function in atopic individuals are explained by an insufficient transmission of prostaglandin E (PGE) signals during thymic lymphocyte differentiation as well as an impaired ability of the atopic immune system to activate suppressor T cells by PGE‐mediated feed back mechanisms. Decreased levels of 6‐desaturated PGE‐precursor fatty acids in plasma, T lymphocytes, monocytes, adipose tissue and breast milk have been observed in atopic individuals. These insights might offer a novel approach to the prevention of atopic disease by substitution of the atopic pregnant and nursing woman and her newborn infant with long‐chain ω‐6‐fatty acids.
Recurrent wheezing in relation to environmental risk factors in infancy
Authors: Halken S. , Høst A. , Husby S. , Hansen L. G. , ØTerballe O. , Nyboe J.
Published: May 2007

Clinical course and environmental factors were recorded in a prospective study of 276 unselected infants followed from birth to the age of 18 months. The study was performed with a questionnaire at the age of 6 and 12 months and a physical examination at 18 months. Fifty‐nine (21%) of the children had ≥2 episodes of wheezing before they were 18 months old. A total of 58 (21%) of the children belonged to the lowest social class V, 182 (66%) were daily exposed to passive tobacco smoking at home and/or in daycare, 164 (59%) were breastfed ≥3 months, 192 (70%) were in daycare, 62 (22%) lived in Hats and 167 (61%) were in daily contact with furred pets at home and/or in daycare. In social class V a preponderance of children were exposed to passive tobacco smoking, a majority were living in flats and a minority were breastfed ≥ 3 months. Linear logistic regression analysis was used for the purpose of assessing the causal effect of environmental risk factors on the risk of recurrent episodes of wheezing before the age of 18 months. The study demonstrated that male sex and daily exposure to passive tobacco smoking were significant risk factors with estimated odds ratios 1.9 and 2.4, respectively. Maternal tobacco smoking seemed to be associated with the higest risk. There was a tendency – though not significant – indicating that breastfeeding ≥ 3 months had a protective effect. Low social status, daycare, daily contact with furred pets, having carpeted floor in bedroom, and living in a flat proved not to affect significantly the risk of recurrent wheezing.