bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação da inoculação de Rhizobium e da adição do extrato de algas marinhas no desenvolvimento de mudas de Jurema Preta (Mimosa tenuiflora ) em solo de área degradada da caatinga
Authors: Carvalho Fabíola Gomes de , Santos Iranilson Silva dos , Silva Apolino José Nogueira da
Published: October 2019

O Bioma Caatinga é singular, e representa uma das florestas secas mais ricas do mundo em biodiversidade. No entanto, a constante interferência antrópica tem lhe conferido ao longo dos anos, fragilidades e degradação. Neste sentido, espécies nativas da Caatinga, como a Jurema Preta, têm sido recomendadas para recuperação destas áreas. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da inoculação de Rhizobium e da adição do extrato de algas marinhas no desenvolvimento de Jurema Preta em solo de área degradada da Caatinga. O experimento foi realizado com solo da área pertencente à Associação Florêncio José, próximo ao Distrito de Queimadas, município de João Câmara (RN). Para caracterizar e avaliar o estado de degradação da área, foram coletadas e analisadas amostras de solos da área conservada e degradada. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento em blocos casualizados com 8 tratamentos (Testemunha nitrogenada (TN); Rhizobium (R); Extrato de alga marinha (EA); Esterco bovino (EB); Testemunha absoluta (TA); Extrato de alga marinha + N ureia (EA+N ureia); Extrato de alga marinha + Rhizobium (EA+R); Extrato de alga marinha + Esterco bovino (EA+EB)) e 4 repetições. Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência, parâmetros de crescimento das plantas (altura, diâmetro do caule, comprimento de raiz, número de folhas), matéria seca e número de nódulos. Os resultados demonstraram que a adição de extrato de algas ou a inoculação com Rhizobium não promoveram o desenvolvimento vegetal. Contudo, o tratamento com adubação de esterco bovino (EB), proporcionou para todos os parâmetros avaliados, o melhor desenvolvimento das mudas de Jurema Preta sob as condições experimentais avaliadas.
Estudo de viabilidade técnica e ambiental para utilização de lastro ferroviário degradado em pavimentos
Authors: Silva Bárbara Elis Pereira , Guimarães Antônio Carlos , Reis Ana Carolina da Cruz , Silva Filho José Carlos
Published: October 2019

O presente artigo apresenta um estudo de viabilidade técnica e ambiental realizado com quatro amostras de lastro ferroviário degradado, obtidas após a operação de desguarnecimento, em uma ferrovia da Região Norte do país. As amostras foram coletadas em quatro pontos diferentes ao longo da ferrovia. O objetivo do trabalho é conhecer as propriedades e a composição química do material de lastro degradado considerando a possibilidade de empregá-lo como agregado alternativo em camada de base de pavimentos rodoviários. Para isso, foram realizados ensaios de caracterização física, química, mecânica e classificação ambiental do material de acordo com a NBR 10004. Os resultados encontrados foram satisfatórios, e indicaram se tratar de um material viável para fins de pavimentação rodoviária.
Diagnóstico da mudança na configuração espacial de produtividade da fruticultura no Espírito Santo, Brasil, nos anos 2011 e 2016
Authors: Galeano Edileuza Vital , Ventura José Aires , Souza Renzo Caliman , Silva Bruce Francisco Pontes da
Published: October 2019

No estado do Espírito Santo, recentemente a fruticultura foi afetada negativamente pelas adversidades climáticas e um novo rearranjo produtivo tem sido verificado. Neste contexto, procurou-se explorar a produtividade média da fruticultura entre os anos de 2011 e 2016, identificando padrões de localização espacial. Corroborou-se a hipótese de dependência espacial e em 2011 foi identificado um cluster de alta produtividade (HH), o qual compreende sete municípios no Extremo Norte do estado. O estudo mostrou que houve uma mudança na configuração e localização dos clusters em 2016. Apesar dos avanços obtidos no setor, o estudo evidenciou que a fruticultura capixaba se mostrou pouco preparada para situações de adversidades climáticas. Estes resultados podem auxiliar nas tomadas de decisões técnicas e políticas futuras para o setor.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Produtividade, fruticultura, cluster, dependência espacial. ABSTRACTIn the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, recently the fruit crops was negatively affected by the climatic adversities and one new productive rearrangement has been verified. In this context, we tried to explore the average productivity of the fruit crops between the years 2011 and 2016, identifying patterns of spatial location. The hypothesis of spatial dependence was corroborated and in 2011 a high productivity cluster (HH) was identified, which comprises seven municipalities in the extreme North of the state. The study showed that there was a significant change in the configuration and location of the clusters in 2016. Despite the advances obtained in the sector, the study evidenced that the fruticulture in Espírito Santo showed to be poorly prepared for situations of climatic adversity. These results can aid in making technical decisions and future policies for the sector.KEYWORDS: Productivity, fruticulture, cluster, spatial dependence.
Logística e comércio internacional da fruticultura no estado de Minas Gerais - Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Igor Martins , Pereira Luiz Andrei Gonçalves
Published: October 2019

Na era globalização, a economia mundial tem vivenciado um processo de reestruturação produtiva, intensificando os fluxos nos territórios inerentes às interações espaciais de recursos, de bens e de serviços que circulam entre os mercados nacionais e internacionais. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as dinâmicas socioespaciais dos fluxos de comércio internacional do estado de Minas Gerais por meio da logística das redes de importações e de exportações de frutas, no período de 2000 a 2017. Como resultado, identificou-se que, no mercado externo de frutas, Minas Gerais se relaciona comercialmente com 88 países, sendo 52 nas redes de exportação e 36 na rede de importação. Na operacionalização dos fluxos no comércio global, a logística de transportes foi realizada através dos modais rodoviário, marítimo e aéreo, configurando-se como um elemento geográfico, visto que as transações comerciais demandam o gerenciamento da fluidez, do planejamento e da organização dos diferentes territórios.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Logística, Comércio Internacional, Fruticultura. ABSTRACTIn the era of globalization, the world economy has undergone a process of productive restructuring, intensifying flows in the territories inherent to the spatial interactions of resources, goods and services that circulate between national and international markets. The objective of this work is to analyze the sociospatial dynamics of the international trade flows of the state of Minas Gerais through the logistics of import and export fruit networks, from 2000 to 2017. As a result, it was identified that in the market Minas Gerais has a commercial relationship with 88 countries, 52 in export networks and 36 in the import network. In the operationalization of flows in global trade, transport logistics was carried out through the road, sea and air modalities, being configured as a geographic element, since commercial transactions demand the management of the fluidity, planning and organization of the different territories.KEYWORDS: Logistic, International Trade, Fruticulture.
A relação entre Estado e territórios estigmatizados no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: De Abreu André Almeida
Published: October 2019

O presente artigo tem o intuito discutir a relação estabelecida entre o Estado e as favelas do Rio de Janeiro ao longo do tempo e até os dias atuais. Tomando como referência a territorialização de políticas públicas e a ação de instituições estatais e da sociedade civil, busca-se compreender de que forma a estigmatização do favelado e de seu território influencia as relações de poder construídas no contato entre agentes públicos e moradores de favela. O artigo consiste, metodologicamente, em uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, com base principalmente na literatura sobre o tema. Os resultados indicam que a estigmatização das favelas tem contaminado diversas políticas públicas formuladas para esses territórios, e que a falta de diálogo entre diferentes órgãos públicos envolvidos em tais políticas gera o que chamamos de atrofia burocrática, perdendo-se potencial de atuação da esfera pública.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Políticas Públicas, Favela, Territorialização. ABSTRACTThis article aims to discuss the relationship established between the State and the favelas of Rio de Janeiro over time and up to the present day. Taking as a reference the territorialization of public policies and the action of state institutions and civil society, it is sought to understand how the stigmatization of the favela and its territory influences the relations of power built in the contact between public agents and residents of favela. The article consists, methodologically, of a bibliographical and documentary research, based mainly on the literature on the subject. The results indicate that the stigmatization of favelas has contaminated several public policies formulated for these territories, and that the lack of dialogue between different public agencies involved in such policies generates what we call bureaucratic atrophy, losing the potential of the public sphere.KEYWORDS: Public Policies, Favela, Territorialization.
Women’s Musical Agency and Experiences in Vernon Lee’s Music and its Lovers
Authors: Franseen Kristin
Published: October 2019

Among the case studies included in Vernon Lee’s last book, Music and its Lovers (1933) one finds an intriguing alliance between gender and the experience of listening to instrumental music. A respondent identified only as “The Suffragette” directly ties her feelings about music to her activism, noting that “I recognize in music some definite emotions pertaining to a crowd…the growl I have heard in crowds at suffrage meetings” and later writing about Brahms that “I think I can distinguish in music secondary sex attributes.” Lee notes that the Suffragette, while untrained in music, appears perceptive in linking instrumental music to her personal experiences.

While prior research on Music and its Lovers (Towheed 2010 and 2013; Mahoney 2015) has focused primarily on Lee’s sources and questionable scientific practices, this article examines the repertoire and accounts of listening submitted by some of Lee’s female participants. Although Lee’s respondents and ultimate theories of musical emotion cut across gender, her lengthy excerpts from her own experiments center women’s experiences as listeners with valuable observations into the musical experience. In collecting case studies from within her own social circle of women artists and intellectuals, Lee preserved an important archive of early twentieth-century women’s thoughts about specific types of music, especially when it comes to composers traditionally associated with masculinity (Brahms and Beethoven) and sexuality (Tchaikovsky and Wagner).
« Rip It Up and Start Again » : reconfigurations de l’audible sous le régime esthétique des arts*
Authors: Frappier Daniel
Published: October 2019

Ce texte propose de repenser l’intégration du bruit en musique, un phénomène trop souvent confiné aux seuls xxe et xxie siècles, à partir des réflexions de Jacques Rancière sur ce qu’il nomme le « régime esthétique » : révolution dans les manières de penser et de sentir qui, propulsée par le romantisme et toujours en cours, dérègle les conceptions de la société et de l’art héritées de la Grèce antique. En matière de création et d’appréciation des oeuvres, l’ère nouvelle se caractérise par un recul de l’idéal classique de l’éloquence, de la forme animée par un contenu à transmettre, au profit du modèle de la « parole muette », de la signification qui échappe au contrôle du maître. Cette dernière, explique Rancière, peut être pensée de deux façons. Comme immanence du logos dans le pathos, elle est le pouvoir expressif des choses muettes elles-mêmes : la signification ou la poésie secrètes des détails sans importance, offertes à qui sait regarder. Comme immanence du pathos dans le logos, à l’inverse, elle est la part de non-sens qui se cache derrière le discours le plus rigoureusement articulé comme dans toute autre construction rationnelle : puissance obscure à laquelle les artistes métaphysiciens ou psychanalystes tentent, tant bien que mal, de donner corps. Si la parole muette et ses deux formes contradictoires peuvent déloger l’éloquence comme principe de la création, c’est parce que le régime esthétique est tout déployé autour de l’idée de l’égalité des contraires : du noble et du vulgaire, de l’actif et du passif, du conscient et de l’inconscient etc. En prenant appui sur ces réflexions, donc, ce texte propose de retracer quelques-uns des discours et des pratiques qui, du romantisme à aujourd’hui, brouillent les frontières entre le sens et le non-sens, l’art et le non-art, la musique et le bruit.
Professional Activities (1930–1981) of Latvian-Born Lithuanian Architect and Engineer Karolis Reisonas (1894–1981) in Kaunas, Panevėžys and Adelaide Cities
Authors: Saladžinskas Sigitas Vladas , Vaisvalavičienė Kristina
Published: October 2019

The article introduces the professional activities of Latvian-born Lithuanian architect and engineer Karolis Reisonas (in Latvian: Kārlis Reisons; 1894–1981) in the second half of his life – from 1930 in Kaunas, Panevėžys and Adelaide cities – and his role in the history of Lithuanian architecture. K. Reisonas was one of the most prominent creators of modern 20th-century interwar Lithuanian architecture and together with other famous Lithuanian architects formed a special style of Kaunas modern architecture in interwar period. K. Reisonas is the author or co-author of representative buildings in Šiauliai, Kaunas and other Lithuanian cities, as well as in Riga and Adelaide cities. Architect and engineer K. Reisonas worked as Šiauliai City Engineer and Head of Municipal Construction Department (1922–1930), Director of Šiauliai Vocational School (1926), Consultant of Lithuanian Chamber of Agriculture (1927–1928), Head of Construction Department of Kaunas Municipality (1930– 1938), Panevėžys City Engineer (1940) and Burgomaster (1941–1944). From 1949, the Reisonas family lived in Adelaide city, Australia. To his projects three monuments of independence were built in Lithuania – Monument of Independence in Šiauliai city, Podium of the Freedom Monument of Kaunas city and Roman Catholic Christ’s Resurrection Church in Kaunas city. Fourteen of buildings in Lithuania (in Kaunas and Šiauliai cities) designed by him are included in the list of cultural values of Lithuania. Early K. Reisonas’ projects are characterized by historism, elements of eclecticism and «brick style», later projects are characterized by austere rationalism, functionalism, adaptation to urban construction and cultural and historical context.
Single cell analysis reveals immune cell–adipocyte crosstalk regulating the transcription of thermogenic adipocytes
Authors: Rajbhandari Prashant , Arneson Douglas , Hart Sydney K , Ahn In Sook , Diamante Graciel , Santos Luis C , Zaghari Nima , Feng An-Chieh , Thomas Brandon J , Vergnes Laurent , Lee Stephen D , Rajbhandari Abha K , Reue Karen , Smale Stephen T , Yang Xia , Tontonoz Peter
Published: October 2019

Immune cells are vital constituents of the adipose microenvironment that influence both local and systemic lipid metabolism. Mice lacking IL10 have enhanced thermogenesis, but the roles of specific cell types in the metabolic response to IL10 remain to be defined. We demonstrate here that selective loss of IL10 receptor α in adipocytes recapitulates the beneficial effects of global IL10 deletion, and that local crosstalk between IL10-producing immune cells and adipocytes is a determinant of thermogenesis and systemic energy balance. Single Nuclei Adipocyte RNA-sequencing (SNAP-seq) of subcutaneous adipose tissue defined a metabolically-active mature adipocyte subtype characterized by robust expression of genes involved in thermogenesis whose transcriptome was selectively responsive to IL10Rα deletion. Furthermore, single-cell transcriptomic analysis of adipose stromal populations identified lymphocytes as a key source of IL10 production in response to thermogenic stimuli. These findings implicate adaptive immune cell-adipocyte communication in the maintenance of adipose subtype identity and function.
Lendatus, a new genus of Xanthopygina (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) with description of three new species
Authors: Chatzimanolis Stylianos
Published: October 2019

A new genus of Xanthopygina rove beetles is described here as Lendatus gen. nov. The new genus includes three new species: L. bolivianus sp. nov., described from Bolivia, L. philothalpiformis sp. nov. described from Costa Rica and Panama, and L. platys sp. nov. described from Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Lendatus belongs to the Isanopus group of genera of Xanthopygina and can distinguished from all the genera based on the unique punctation on the pronotum and the long apical setae of the paramere. A key to the three species of Lendatus along with photographs and illustrations is provided for the identification of species.
Effectiveness of Probiotics, Metformin and Their Combination Therapy in Ameliorating Dyslipidemia Associated With PCOS
Authors: Zafar Urooj , Hassan Jahan Ara , Ismail Kauser , Agha Shanza , Memon Zahida , Bhatty Shaheen
Published: October 2019

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous metabolic disorder affecting women of the child-bearing age. Alteration in lipid profile is one of the troublesome features faced by PCOS patients that need to be treated.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of Probiotics, Metformin and their Combination therapy on lipid profile in women suffering from PCOS.

Study Design: Single-Centered Randomized Controlled Trial.

Setting: Gynecological clinic of Karachi at Tertiary care Hospital from December 2018 to May 2019.

Patients and Methods: Total 78 PCOS patients of age between 18 to 40 years were involved in this trial rendering to Rotterdam criteria. After taking written and informed consent they were randomly allocated to three groups and were received: Metformin 500 mg B.D (n = 26), Probiotic Capsule 180 mg B.D (n = 26) and Combination of Metformin 500 mg B.D / Probiotic Capsule 180 mg B.D for 12-weeks. Lipid profile was measured at baseline and after 12-weeks of intervention along with the body weight. In the end, pre versus post therapy and comparison of different group’s results were analyzed.

Results: Metformin and Met/Pro Combination groups resulted in a significant reduction in Total Cholesterol (TC) as compared to Probiotic group. Fall in Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were noteworthy after Probiotics and Met/Pro treatment. Serum TG concentrations were significantly reduced in all the groups. High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were slightly elevated after Probiotics treatment, which was not statistically significant but Metformin and Met/Pro group increases it to the significant value. No substantial change was found in the Very Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol VLDL-C levels in any of the three groups.

Conclusion: Overall, Probiotics treatment in PCOS women for 12 weeks exhibited noteworthy changes in TG, and LDL-C levels. Metformin markedly improve Cholesterol, TG and HDL-C. However, Met/Pro improved all the lipid changes to the significant value except for VLDL-C.
Using statistics to design and estimate vital rates in matrix population models for a perennial herb
Authors: Ramula Satu , Kerr Natalie Z. , Crone Elizabeth E.
Published: October 2019

Matrix population models are widely used to assess population status and to inform management decisions. Despite existing theories for building such models, model construction is often partially based on expert opinion. So far, model structure has received relatively little attention, although it may affect estimates of population dynamics. Here, we assessed the consequences of two published matrix structures (a 4 × 4 matrix based on expert opinion and a 10 × 10 matrix based on statistical modeling) for estimates of vital rates and stochastic population dynamics of the long‐lived herb Astragalus scaphoides. We explored the ways in which choice of model structure alters the accuracy (i.e., mean) and precision (i.e., variance) of predicted population dynamics. We found that model structure had a negligible effect on the accuracy and precision of vital rates and stochastic stage distribution. However, the 10 × 10 matrix produced lower estimates of stochastic population growth rates than the 4 × 4 matrix, and more accurately predicted the observed trends in population abundance for three out of four study populations. Moreover, estimates of realized variation in population growth rate due to fluctuations in population stage structure over time were occasionally sensitive to matrix structure, suggesting differential roles of transient dynamics. Our study indicates that statistical modeling for choosing categories in matrix models might be preferable over expert opinion to accurately predict population trends and can provide a more objective way for model construction when the biological knowledge of the species is limited.
Borreliella
Authors: Barbour Alan G. , Qiu Weigang
Published: October 2019

Bor.rel.i.el'la. N.L. fem. dim. n.Borreliellanamed after Amédée Borrel (1867–1936).

Spirochaetes / Spirochaetes / Spirochaetales / Borreliaceae / Borreliella

Cells are helical, 0.2–0.3 µm in diameter, 15–30 µm in length, and do not have hooked ends. Coils are regular or irregular in spacing and amplitude. Motile. Inner and outer membranes with overlapping periplasmic flagella; 7–11 subterminal insertion points in most species. Aniline‐stain‐positive. Microaerophilic. Ferments glucose. Most species are cultivable in complex, serum‐containing media that includeN‐acetylglucosamine. Optimum growth is between 33 and 38°C. Cells are polyploid, with each genome comprising a linear chromosome and one or more linear and circular plasmids. All known species are host‐associated organisms that are transmitted among mammalian, avian, and reptile reservoirs by a tick of the prostriate genusIxodes. In unfed ticks, the organisms are located in the midgut and only travel to the salivary glands once the next blood meal commences. Transovarial transmission in tick vector does not occur. Members of this genus include all known agents of Lyme disease (Lyme borreliosis) as well as several species not associated with human disease.

DNA G + C content (mol%): 28–29.

Type species:Borreliella burgdorferi(Adeolu and Gupta 2014, VL163) (basonym:Borrelia burgdorferiJohnson et al. 1984bVP).
Finite‐time dissipativity‐based filter design for networked control systems
Authors: Mathiyalagan K. , Balasubramani M. , Chang Xiao‐Heng , Sangeetha G.
Published: October 2019

This paper investigates the problem of finite‐time boundedness and dissipativity‐based filter design for networked control systems together with parameter uncertainties and random packet dropouts. The packet transmission information is defined by using Bernoulli distributed white sequence which characterizes the measurement conditions. Some new sufficient conditions are established to ensure that the filtering error system is stochastically finite‐time bounded and strictly
finite‐time dissipative. These sufficient conditions to design the filter parameters are derived by using linear matrix inequalities and reciprocally convex approach. Finally, an example is given to validate the effectiveness of the proposed filter design.
Two‐Photon Up‐Conversion Photoluminescence Realized through Spatially Extended Gap States in Quasi‐2D Perovskite Films
Authors: Zhu Xixiang , Xu Hengxing , Liu Yongtao , Zhang Jia , Wang Miaosheng , Ivanov Ilia N. , Ovchinnikova Olga S. , Hu Bin
Published: October 2019

A new approach to generate a two‐photon up‐conversion photoluminescence (PL) by directly exciting the gap states with continuous‐wave (CW) infrared photoexcitation in solution‐processing quasi‐2D perovskite films [(PEA)2(MA)4Pb5Br16 with n = 5] is reported. Specifically, a visible PL peaked at 520 nm is observed with the quadratic power dependence by exciting the gap states with CW 980 nm laser excitation, indicating a two‐photon up‐conversion PL occurring in quasi‐2D perovskite films. Decreasing the gap states by reducing the n value leads to a dramatic decrease in the two‐photon up‐conversion PL signal. This confirms that the gap states are indeed responsible for generating the two‐photon up‐conversion PL in quasi‐2D perovskites. Furthermore, mechanical scratching indicates that the different‐n‐value nanoplates are essentially uniformly formed in the quasi‐2D perovskite films toward generating multi‐photon up‐conversion light emission. More importantly, the two‐photon up‐conversion PL is found to be sensitive to an external magnetic field, indicating that the gap states are essentially formed as spatially extended states ready for multi‐photon excitation. Polarization‐dependent up‐conversion PL studies reveal that the gap states experience the orbit–orbit interaction through Coulomb polarization to form spatially extended states toward developing multi‐photon up‐conversion light emission in quasi‐2D perovskites.
Copper(II)‐catalyzed Domino Reaction of the Acyclic Ketene‐(S,S)‐Acetals with Diazo Compounds: Convenient Synthesis of Poly‐substituted Thiophenes
Authors: Sun Ran , Du Yang , Tian Cui , Li Lei , Wang He , Zhao Yu‐Long
Published: October 2019

Copper(II)‐catalyzed domino reaction between the acyclic ketene‐(S,S)‐acetals and diazo compounds has been successfully developed. This reaction proceeds through a sequential formation of electrophilic copper carbenoid, sulfur ylide and subsequent C−S bond coupling and cleavage. Notably, the domino reaction features broad the readily available acyclic ketene‐(S,S)‐acetals scope and provides a new strategy for the synthesis of poly‐substituted thiophenes.

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Assessment of antioxidant, cytotoxicity, antibacterial, antifungal, and cutaneous wound healing activities of green synthesized manganese nanoparticles using Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam leaves under in vitro and in vivo condition
Authors: Mahdavi Behnam , Paydarfard Sogand , Zangeneh Mohammad Mahdi , Goorani Samaneh , Seydi Niloofar , Zangeneh Akram
Published: October 2019

In recent decades, nanotechnology is growing rapidly owing to its widespread application in medical science. The aim of the experiment was the evaluation of cytotoxicity, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and cutaneous wound healing activities of green synthesized manganese nanoparticles using Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam leaves (MnNPs@ZC). The synthesized MnNPs@ZC were characterized using different techniques including UV–Vis., FT‐IR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (EDS). According to the XRD analysis, 48.10 nm was measured for the crystal size of nanoparticles. SEM images exhibited a uniform spherical morphology and size in the range of 47.58 to 70.26 nm for the biosynthesized nanoparticles. MnNPs@ZC revealed excellent non‐cytotoxicity effect against human umbilical vein endothelial cells, antioxidant activity against DPPH, antibacterial properties against Gram‐negative bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli O157:H7) and Gram‐positive bacteria (Streptococcus pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis), and antifungal potentials against Candida glabrata, Candida albicans, Candida guilliermondii, and Candida krusei. Also, use of MnNPs@ZC ointment decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.01) the wound area, total cells, neutrophil, and lymphocyte and raised significantly (p ≤ 0.01) the wound contracture, hydroxyl proline, hexosamine, hexuronic acid, fibrocyte, and fibrocytes/fibroblast rate compared to other groups in experimental animals. In conclusion, synthesized MnNPs@ZC indicated antibacterial, antifungal, non‐cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and cutaneous wound healing effects in a dose‐depended manner. After confirming in the clinical trials, these nanoparticles can be used in human for the treatment of cutaneous and infectious diseases.
Whistle variability of the Mediterranean short beak common dolphin
Authors: Azzolin Marta , Gannier Alexandre , Papale Elena , Buscaino Giuseppa , Mussi Barbara , Ardizzone Giandomenico , Giacoma Cristina , Pace Daniela Silvia
Published: October 2019

The short‐beaked common dolphin is a highly vocal species, with a wide distribution in all oceans, including the Mediterranean and the Black Seas. In the Mediterranean Sea, the short‐beaked common dolphin inhabits both pelagic and neritic waters.

Osteological collections and the literature show that short‐beaked common dolphins were widespread and abundant in much of the Mediterranean Sea until the late 1960s. During recent decades the species has declined in the whole basin, and, in 2003, it was listed as Endangered in the IUCN Red List.

Genetic studies strongly suggest that the Mediterranean and the Eastern North Atlantic populations are isolated from each other. Genetic differentiation within the Mediterranean Sea, between the Eastern Mediterranean (Ionian Sea) and Western Mediterranean populations, is also reported.

The aim of this study was to investigate the geographical variation in the characteristics of whistles of free‐ranging short‐beaked common dolphins living in the Mediterranean Sea, and to evaluate if whistle acoustic structure is the result of adaptation to local environment characteristics or of a possible genetic diversification.

Recordings were collected from 1994 to 2012 throughout the basin, employing multiple platforms. Twenty‐six independent acoustic detections were made, and 704 whistles were extracted and considered for statistical analysis.

Whistle analysis enabled the identification of distinct geographical units of short‐beaked common dolphin within the Mediterranean Sea. Genetic isolation is probably the major cause of the geographic variance of the Mediterranean short‐beaked common dolphin whistle structure, which may reflect some evolutionary adaptations to particular ecological conditions or may be the by‐product of morphological evolution.

The results of the present study show that intra‐Mediterranean variability of whistle structure reflects the path of genetic studies, highlighting the possible use of acoustic data in combination with other sources of data (genetic, morphological, etc.) to identify geographic areas where discrete management units occur.
Discrepancies between parent and child ratings of anxiety in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Kalvin Carla B. , Marsh Carolyn L. , Ibrahim Karim , Gladstone Theresa R. , Woodward Diana , Grantz Heidi , Ventola Pamela , Sukhodolsky Denis G.
Published: October 2019

Co‐occurring anxiety is common in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, inconsistencies across parent and child reports of anxiety may complicate the assessment of anxiety in this population. The present study examined parent and child anxiety ratings in children with ASD with and without anxiety disorders and tested the association between parent–child anxiety rating discrepancy and ASD symptom severity. Participants included children aged 8–16 years in three diagnostic groups: ASD with co‐occurring anxiety disorders (ASD + Anxiety; n = 34), ASD without co‐occurring anxiety disorders (ASD; n = 18), and typically developing healthy controls (TD; n = 50). Parents and children completed ratings of child anxiety using the Multidimensional Anxiety Rating Scale. Patterns of parent and child anxiety ratings differed among the three groups, with parent ratings exceeding child ratings only in the ASD + Anxiety group. Parents reported higher levels of child anxiety in the ASD + Anxiety versus ASD group, whereas children reported comparable levels of anxiety in the two groups. Among children with ASD, ASD symptom severity was positively associated with the degree to which parent ratings exceeded child ratings. Results suggest that children with ASD and co‐occurring anxiety disorders endorse some anxiety symptoms but may underreport overall levels of anxiety. In addition, ASD symptom severity might increase discrepancies in parent–child anxiety ratings. These findings suggest a unique and valuable role of child anxiety ratings and suggest that both parent and child anxiety ratings should be considered in light of children's ASD symptom severity and used to guide further assessment. Autism Res 2020, 13: 93–103. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) commonly experience anxiety; yet, their perceptions of their anxiety might differ from their parents' perceptions. This study found that, while children with ASD and anxiety disorders acknowledge some anxiety, their parents report them as having higher levels of anxiety. Also, child and parent perceptions of anxiety may differ more for children with more severe ASD symptoms. How these findings may guide research and clinical practice is discussed.
Thalidomide for the treatment of angiodysplasia‐related recurrent gastrointestinal hemorrhage: Is low dose a safe and viable option?
Authors: Patel Harish , Mehershahi Shehriyar , Shaikh Danial Haris , Makker Jasbir , Nayudu Sureshkumar , Remy Prospere , Chilimuri Sridhar
Published: October 2019

Thalidomide is often used for the management of refractory gastrointestinal angiodysplasia (GIAD). The tolerance, toxic profile, and compliance of thalidomide are dose‐dependent. The low‐dose thalidomide (50 mg) is safe and a viable option for bleeding related to GIAD.
Impact of Al Activators on Structure and Catalytic Performance of Cr Catalysts in Homogeneous Ethylene Oligomerization – A Multitechnique in situ/operando Study
Authors: Grauke Reni , Schepper Rahel , Rabeah Jabor , Schoch Roland , Bentrup Ursula , Bauer Matthias , Brückner Angelika
Published: October 2019

The effect of different AlR3 activators (R=methyl, ethyl, isobutyl, n‐octyl) has been studied in comparison to modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO) by operando EPR as well as by in situ UV‐vis, ATR‐IR and XANES/EXAFS spectroscopy during oligomerization of ethylene at 20 bar and 40 °C with a homogeneous Cr complex catalyst formed in situ upon mixing a Cr(acac)3 precursor, a Ph2PN(iPr)PPh2 ligand (PNP) and the activator. Coordination of PNP to Cr(acac)3 is initiated only in the presence of an activator. Highest 1‐octene productivity (detected during operando EPR measurements) was obtained with MMAO which promotes bidentate coordination of the ligand to form an active (PNP)CrII(CH3)2 chelate complex. Rising bulkiness of R in AlR3 leads to only monodentate coordination of PNP to the Cr center by one P atom and increasing reduction to CrI to a maximum extend of around 30 % for AlOct3. This lowers the catalytic performance, which is mainly governed by the mode of PNP coordination rather than by the CrI content.
Air‐Stable Hexagonal Bipyramidal Dysprosium(III) Single‐Ion Magnets with Nearly Perfect D6h Local Symmetry
Authors: Li Zi‐Han , Zhai Yuan‐Qi , Chen Wei‐Peng , Ding You‐Song , Zheng Yan‐Zhen
Published: October 2019

Eight‐coordinated DyIII centres with D6h symmetry are expected to act as high‐performance single‐molecule magnets (SMMs) due to the simultaneous fulfilment of magnetic axiality and a high coordination number (a requisite for air stability). But the experimental realization is challenging due to the requirement of six coordinating atoms in the equatorial plane of the hexagonal bipyramid; this is usually too crowded for the central DyIII ion. Here a hexaaza macrocyclic Schiff base ligand and finetuned axial alkoxide/phenol‐type ligands are used to show that a family of hexagonal bipyramidal DyIII complexes can be isolated. Among them, three complexes possess nearly perfect D6h local symmetry. The highest effective magnetic reversal barrier is found at 1338(3) K and an open hysteresis temperature of 6 K at the field sweeping rate of 1.2 mT s−1; this represents a new record for D6h SMMs.
Dual‐Stimuli Responsive 2D Supramolecular Organic Framework for the Detection of Azoreductase Activity
Authors: Zhang Hao , Liang Feng , Yang Ying‐Wei
Published: October 2019

A 2D supramolecular organic framework (SOF) based on synthetic macrocycles has been constructed in water by a self‐assembly strategy. Two new organic monomers of this SOF, possessing viologen and azobenzene functional groups, form a stimuli‐responsive host–guest system upon cooperatively binding with cucurbit[8]uril rings. The reversible formation and dissociation of 2D SOF can be realized by the isomerization of azobenzene under ultraviolet and visible light. The light‐responsive property of the SOF is highly reversible and stable for up to four cycles. Moreover, azoreductase produced by Escherichia coli can reduce the N=N double bond of azobenzene entities, resulting in fluorescence recovery of the system. As an excellent and effective fluorescent probe, the SOF can detect azoreductase activity for real‐time monitoring of the growth process of Escherichia coli. The dual‐stimuli responsive 2D SOF is envisioned to drive the development of responsive devices with complex functions.
Growth and Properties of Intentionally Carbon‐Doped GaN Layers
Authors: Richter Eberhard , Beyer Franziska C. , Zimmermann Friederike , Gärtner Günter , Irmscher Klaus , Gamov Ivan , Heitmann Johannes , Weyers Markus , Tränkle Günther
Published: October 2019

Carbon‐doping of GaN layers with thickness in the mm‐range is performed by hydride vapor phase epitaxy. Characterization by optical and electrical measurements reveals semi‐insulating behavior with a maximum of specific resistivity of 2 × 1010 Ω cm at room temperature found for a carbon concentration of 8.8 × 1018 cm−3. For higher carbon levels up to 3.5 × 1019 cm−3, a slight increase of the conductivity is observed and related to self‐compensation and passivation of the acceptor. The acceptor can be identified as CN with an electrical activation energy of 0.94 eV and partial passivation by interstitial hydrogen. In addition, two differently oriented tri‐carbon defects, CN‐a‐CGa‐a‐CN and CN‐a‐CGa‐c‐CN, are identified which probably compensate about two‐thirds of the carbon which is incorporated in excess of 2 × 1018 cm−3.
Ion‐Enhanced Conversion of CO2 into Formate on Porous Dendritic Bismuth Electrodes with High Efficiency and Durability
Authors: Piao Guangxia , Yoon Sun Hee , Han Dong Suk , Park Hyunwoong
Published: October 2019

Facile synthesis of efficient electrocatalysts that can selectively convert CO2 to value‐added chemicals remains a challenge. Herein, the electrochemical synthesis of porous Bi dendrite electrodes and details of their activity toward CO2 conversion to formate in aqueous solutions of bicarbonate are presented. The as‐synthesized multilayered, porous, dendritic Bi electrodes exhibit a faradaic efficiency (FE) of approximately 100 % for formate production. Added halides and cations significantly influence the steady‐state partial current density for formate production JFM (Cl−>Br−≈I−; Cs+>K+>Li+). DFT calculations revealed that the reaction pathway involving the species *OCOH occurs predominantly and the presence of both Cs+ and Cl− makes the overall reaction more spontaneous. Photovoltaic‐cell‐assisted electrocatalysis produced formate with an FE of approximately 95 % (JFM≈10 mA cm−2) at an overall solar conversion efficiency of approximately 8.5 %. The Bi electrodes maintain their activity for 360 h without a change in the surface states.
Potential differences in seed dispersals of low‐height vegetation between single element and windbreak‐like clumps
Authors: Fu Lin‐Tao
Published: October 2019

Wind speed is one of the most important factors for seed wind dispersal. A wind speed reduction region, which could be influenced by vegetation arrangement, will form in the lee of vegetation and therefore affects the seed dispersal. Here, by taking shrub as an example, quantitative differences in seed dispersals of low vegetation between single element and windbreak‐like clumps are numerically investigated. The local variation of stream‐wise wind speed is focused. Empirically parameterized functions of leeward wind distributions are employed. It reveals that the accumulative probability of dispersed seeds from a point source with considering leeward wind reduction could be well fitted by a logistic function. For a fixed release height or vegetation porosity, accumulative probabilities for single element and those for windbreak‐like clumps would intersect at a leeward location. This intersection location decreases linearly with release height but exponentially with porosity. The fitting parameter r0 (the center of logistic function) for single element increases as the same manner for windbreak‐like clumps, with regard to the increase of release height, porosity, and height. But, the increasing rates for single element are higher than those for windbreak‐like clumps. The fitting parameter p (the power index of logistic function) for single element is generally larger than that for windbreak‐like clumps. With the increase of release height, p decreases at first but increases then for single element, while it shows opposite trend for windbreak‐like clumps. p decreases with porosity for both single element and windbreak‐like clumps. But, the decreasing rate for single element is lower than that for windbreak‐like clumps. p increases exponentially with height for windbreak‐like clumps, while it almost keeps constant for single element. These results suggest the potential importance of vegetation arrangement on seed dispersal and therefore possibly provide additional reason for the disagreement among observed dispersal kernels.
Connecting endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress to retinal degeneration, TBI, and traumatic optic neuropathy
Authors: Cansler Shelby M. , Evanson Nathan K.
Published: October 2019

Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is commonly associated with head trauma, and thus is a known comorbidity of traumatic brain injury (TBI). TON has not received much attention in basic research despite being associated with permanent vision loss, color blindness, and loss of visual fields. This mini‐review discusses the importance of studying TON in the context of TBI and mechanisms that may be involved in the ongoing optic nerve degeneration of TON. We focus particularly on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and redox stress processes because of the overlapping presence of these degenerative mechanisms in both TBI and various retinopathies, even though these stress pathways have not yet been used to explain retinal degeneration in a model of TON. We propose that future research is needed to uncover whether ER and redox stress function independently or whether one precedes the other. This understanding is necessary in order to understand the time frames of potential treatment and the prognosis of ongoing secondary effects of TBI including optic nerve injury.
Recent Advances and Future Prospects on Adaptive Biomaterials for Antimicrobial Applications
Authors: Su Linzhu , Li Yuanfeng , Liu Yong , An Yingli , Shi Linqi
Published: October 2019

Bacterial infection is becoming the biggest threat to human health. The scenario is partly due to the ineffectiveness of the conventional antibiotic treatments against the emergence of multidrug‐resistant bacteria and partly due to the bacteria living in biofilms or cells. Adaptive biomaterials can change their physicochemical properties in the microenvironment of bacterial infection, thereby facilitating either their interactions with bacteria or drug release. The trends in treating bacterial infections using adaptive biomaterials‐based systems are flourishing and generate innumerous possibility to design novel antimicrobial therapeutics. This feature article aims to summarize the recent developments in the formulations, mechanisms, and advances of adaptive materials in bacterial infection diagnosis, contact killing of bacteria, and antimicrobial drug delivery. Also, the challenges and limitations of current antimicrobial treatments based on adaptive materials and their clinical and industrial future prospects are discussed.
Ulam‐type stability for differential equations driven by measures
Authors: Satco Bianca‐Renata
Published: October 2019

Based on a notion of Stieltjes derivative of a function with respect to another function, we provide Ulam–Hyers type stability results for nonlinear differential equations driven by measures on compact or on unbounded intervals, in the lack of Lipschitz continuity assumptions. In particular, one can deduce stability results for generalized differential equations, dynamic equations on time scales or impulsive differential equations (including the case of an infinite number of impulses that accumulate in the considered interval, thus allowing the study of Zeno hybrid systems).
Hydrogen sulfide‐mediated resistance against water avoidance stress‐induced gastritis by maintenance of gastric microbial homeostasis
Authors: Han Yingnan , Li Ya , Hu Zhekai , Wang Xiao , Liu Junze , Ren Xue , Yu Yanbo , Li Yan , Li Wenjuan , Sun Yundong
Published: October 2019

Chronic persistent stress is an important cause of gastritis, but the underlying mechanism remains to be further researched, especially the role of the gastric microbiota in this process. Here, we used the water avoidance stress (WAS) test in mouse models for chronic stress‐induced gastritis to investigate the underlying mechanisms of this disease. The effect of stress on the gastric microbiota was analyzed based on 16S rRNA sequencing; the changes in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and inflammatory cytokine levels in gastric tissues were detected by Western blotting, ELISA, immunofluorescence, and qRT‐PCR. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used as an indicator of the gastritis histological score. This finding is consistent with previous studies showing that gastric H2S is negatively associated with the inflammatory index and might protect the gastrointestinal tract from inflammation. WAS‐induced gastritis was associated with a reduction in H2S release, which appeared to affect the homeostasis of the gastric microbiota of mice. Inflammation and microbial dysbiosis were partially reversed by sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) and vitamin B6 (VB6) supplementation, suggesting the therapeutic potential of VB6 supplementation for the treatment of stress‐induced gastritis. Gastritis has a serious impact on health and quality of life. An increasing number of people are suffering from chronic gastritis linked to a high‐stress lifestyle, and our research provides clues for the prevention and treatment of stress‐induced gastritis.