bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Based on IF-PSO River Basin Water Pollutant Total Amount Control Optimization Model
Authors: Chen Ming Hui , Liu Wei , Wang Ze Sen , Li Yu
Published: January 2014

This research based on the total amount control of river basin water pollution reducing, and with YiTong river basin as the study case, to obtain the optimal decision scheme of water environmental pollution control, acquired in 2015 the smallest reduction of COD and ammonia nitrogen is 77804.53 tons and 6644.92 tons, in 2020 obtained the smallest reduction of COD and ammonia nitrogen is 33518.49 tons and 2887.69 tons; acquired in 2020 the smallest reduction of COD and ammonia nitrogen is 77103.39 tons and 6584.52 tons, in 2010 obtained the smallest reduction of COD and ammonia nitrogen is 34219.62 tons and 2948.09 tons, provided decision-making support for the basin water pollution control, improve watershed management and control of water pollutants.
Research on Biological Materials with Uranium Biosorption by Microalgae: A Review
Authors: Yu Jun Yi , Zhao Wen Yu , Yang Guang Wen , Zeng Sha Sha
Published: January 2014

With the development of nuclear science, uranium-contained wastewater was heavily generated. If not properly handled, it is bound to bring environmental and human health hazards. Conventional uranium-contained wastewater treatment technologies are limited in certain aspects, such as high reagent and energy consumption, secondary pollution and so on. The microalgae-based biosorption technique for treating uranium-contained wastewater is an economical, simple, effective and feasible approach. This paper summarized the basic mechanism of the technology, and discussed the effects of different pH, algal cell biomass concentration, initial uranium ion concentration and the growth state of algal cells on the biological treatment process of uranium-contained wastewater. Finally, the study explored the future prospects of the technology.
EPS and Cotton Straw Slag Composite Thermal Insulation Material Research
Authors: Yao Shi Ming , Feng Yong , Jin Qiang
Published: January 2014

In early research based on the study of gypsum, slag and other cotton stalk fiber composite of wall, by mixing EPS beads developed a lightweight, insulated, has a certain strength of new wall multifunctional composites. The material use EPS as insulation particles aggregate, slag as aggregate, cement and gypsum as matrix,through mixed with straw fibers of crushed cotton to solve inorganic and organic materials interface bond strength is low and EPS particles floating problems, In order to trial a kind of good performance of the wall material.
Effect of Welding Wires on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of CO2 Shielded Arc Welding Welded Joint of 30CrMnSiA Steel
Authors: Chen He , Yang Cheng Gang , Yu Ai Wu , Zheng Qiang , Yu Xiao Bin
Published: January 2014

30CrMnSiA steel is welded by CO2 shielded arc welding with H08Mn2SiA and Ok Aristorod 12.5 welding wire respectively. The effect of welding compositions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joint are studied. The results show that using Ok Aristorod 12.5 for welding, the microstructures of weld metal are mainly composed of acicular ferrite, proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite, the tensile strength of the welded joint is poor. When using H08Mn2SiA for welding, the microstructures of weld metal are mainly composed of fine grain ferrite and acicular ferrite, the acicular ferrite is refined and the content of acicular ferrite is increased, so the tensile strength of the welded joint is improved. Using these two welding wires are welded, the joints both have excellent bending properties.
Application Analysis of Water Saving in Thermal Power Plant
Authors: Li Hui , Liang Jing Long
Published: January 2014

Water saving in power plant is mainly manifested in the use of less water system technology and recycling use of water in two aspects. Based on the typical thermal power plant water analysis, summarizes the main water links, and according to the characteristics of each stage, and puts forward the corresponding water-saving scheme. On the other hand, through some effective physical chemical methods, can improve water quality, so as to achieve some technology requirements, in order to achieve water recycling. By adopting a practical solution, final implementation economic benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits of unity.
The Desalination Effect Comparison of Two Kinds of Nanofiltration Membrane
Authors: Liu Qian Ying , Wu Jun Rui , Liu Yi Ming , Wu Ri Na
Published: January 2014

The desalination effect of two kinds of nanofiltration membrane, NF-1812-270 and NF-1812, were compared. Under the conditions of different pressure, made the comparison of the quotas between two different nanometer filtration membranes, including membrane flux, ash content, retention rate of chlorine, conductivity. The test results showed that the effect of desalination of NF-1812 nanofiltration membrane was better than the effect of desalination NF-1812-270 nanofiltration membrane.
The Effect of Reheating Temperature on Precipitation of a High Strength Microalloyed Steel
Authors: Zhang Yi , Xu Guang , Zhou Ming Xing , Yang Hai Lin , Wang Min
Published: January 2014

High-strength steels are usually microalloyed with niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti) and vanadium (V), individually or in combination. The reheating temperature during austenization has a significant influence on the precipitation of microalloyed steels. The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of reheating temperature on precipitates of microalloying elements. The research results show that reheating temperature should be high enough to ensure the dissolution of carbide and nitride precipitates in order to improve the precipitation strengthening of microalloying elements during rolling and cooling. The results provide the theoretical reference for the determination of reheating technology of microalloyed steels.
The Choice of Metallographic Corrosive in the Sample of Electro-Deposition Silicon Steel Section
Authors: Li Hui , Li Yun Gang
Published: January 2014

There are many methods to show the micro structure of the metallographic, such as chemical erosion method, electrolytic erosion method, in which the former is the most commonly used. In this experiment, several kinds of corrosive are used to do the erosion. Use metallographic microscope to analyze the section and confirm the best corrosive.
The Effect of Electro-Deposition Time to the Microstructure and the Texture of Silicon Steel
Authors: Li Hui , Li Yun Gang
Published: January 2014

According to the research of the process conditions of Si electro-deposition, we can see the diffusion mechanism of Si as well as the influence in Fe-3%Si alloy, Analyzing the surface topography, the silicon content distribution in section layer and the texture, it is clear that with method of electro-deposition we can get a certain sedimentary thickness of sediments. And with the extension of electro-deposition time α fibrous structure and γ fibrous structure increase gradually.
Wood-Plastic Composites Prepared by Waste Polypropylene and Toughening
Authors: Chen Sen , Guo Yu Wen , Ruan Jiu Li , Qiao Qi , Zhang Jian Qiang , She Ling Ling , Li Xiao
Published: January 2014

The feasibility of wood-plastic composite (WPC) and efficiency of impact strength improvement by toughening agents were discussed using waste polypropylene (PP) from e-wastes as experimental materials. The researching results indicated that it could be used in manufacturing wood-plastic composite while the impact strength of waste PP decreased by 47.3% comparing with new PP. Adding polyethylene octene elastomer (POE) and styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) could effectively enhance the impact strength of WPC. When adding 15% of POE and SBS individually, the impact strength increased by 113.2% and 43.4%. The modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) lowered when toughening agents were added, which should be made into consideration in practical application according to the property of materials comprehensively.
Study on Special Recycling of PVC Plastics Promoted by School Students in Tianjin
Authors: Sun Ye
Published: January 2014

According to the research on environmental hazard of PVC waste, I investigated the residents of different ages in general community, garbage classification community and once garbage classification community in Tianjin, and management, recycling, transit, handling departments of solid waste, for the produce, sorting, recycling, treatment and reuse of PVC waste. It has been advised that to establish special recycling of PVC plastics is the most effective and feasible scheme to decrease the negative impacts of PVC waste. It has also been proved that school students are the best group to promote this work.
Enhanced Chromium Recovery from Tannery Waste by Acid-Alkali Reaction in China
Authors: Li Huai , Li Jian Zheng , Chi Zi Fang
Published: January 2014

Leather processing is an important industry in China, and the discharge of chromium waste has been severely circumscribed. Though traditional processes for treating chromium waste have been widely used in tannery plants, technology adopting high efficiency and economic simultaneously is deficient. In order to develop an economic treatment for tannery waste, a mixed alkali of sodium hydroxide and magnesium oxide and diluted mineral acids were tested to improve the sedimentation effect of trivalent chromium from tannery wastewater. The results showed that the most feasible alkali was a mixture of sodium hydroxide and magnesium oxide with a mass ratio of 5:1 to balance the cost performance. The high chromium removal as 99.1% was obtained with a mixed alkali dosage only 0.2 g/L at pH 9.5, with a very low Cr-sludge yield. The effects of various factors on the extraction of trivalent chromium from Cr-sludge using mineral acids were investigated further more, and the results indicated that the feasible condition for chromium recovery from wet chromium sludge was as follows: 4% sulfuric acid as the leaching acid, chromium sludge (dry weight) load 23.55 g/L, extraction time 60 min, and reaction temperature 30°C. A chromium recovery of 20.86 mg/g was obtained under the feasible condition with a recovery rate of 91.8%. The method developed in the present study provided an effective solution to balance the cost performance for tannery waste treatment.
Discharge and Disposal of Coal Gasification Methanol Production Residue and Distribution Characteristics of PAHs in it
Authors: Ma Yu Hui , Su Wei , Wang Qun Hui , Huang Xiang Guo , Yuan Jin
Published: January 2014

To determine the quantities and the treatment ways of coal gasification methanol production residues, questionnaire survey and field investigation were carried out in this research. Moreover, the distribution characteristics of PAHs in two typical residues were determined by GC-MS technique, according to USEPA8100 method. The outputs of gasifier slag and boiler ash for were 127,494 t/a and 164,850t/a, respectively, all the boiler ash and 80% of the gasifier slag would be reused for brick-making. Coal tar residue, with the yield of 480 t/a, was always delivered to coke plant for coking, which was a effective measure to save energy and solve the environmental issues caused by the storage of this residue. The results indicated that the concentration of PAHs with 5-6 aromatic rings was 905 mg/kg in coal tar residue, accounting for 9.23% of the total PAHs concentration, its Benzo (a) pyrene concentration was 160 mg/kg, making it a major health hazard. The concentration of PAHs in gasifier slag was 189mg/kg and the PAHs with 2-3 aromatic rings accounted as high as 81.41% of the total PAHs concentration, the PAHs with 5-6 aromatic rings made up only 1.1%. TheBaPeq were 322.9 mg/kg and 0.23 mg/kg for coal tar residue and gasifier slag, respectively.
Assessing the Life Cycle Environmental and Economic Performance of Copper Slag Recycling
Authors: Song Xiao Long , Yang Jian Xin , Wang Jing Wei , Wu Wen Jie
Published: January 2014

Industrial solid waste refers to all solid waste derived from industrial processes. Industrial solid waste, on the one hand, may lead to environmental risk and safety issue; on the other hand, contains valuable recyclable resources. Taking copper slag as a case study, the life cycle environmental and economic performance of recycling process were analyzed by using life cycle assessment and life cycle costing approaches. The functional unit was defined as the recycling of 1 ton of copper slag. The results showed that the process of production of cement after floatation was the optimal scenario for copper slag recycling, and its life cycle impact and life cycle cost were-67.22 Pt and-479.28 yuan, respectively. Specifically, the dominant environmental impact category of copper recycling process was respiratory (inorganic). In addition, raw material, fuel and power, equipment depreciation and transportation contributed to the life cycle cost in descending order of their proportion.
Removal of Phenol from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption onto Amine-Modified Fly Ash Cenospheres (FACs)
Authors: Sun Yu Xin , Zhang Jin
Published: January 2014

Removal of phenols from waters and wastewaters is an important issue in order to protect public health and environment. In an effort to develop an effective adsorbent for removal of phenol from aqueous solutions, fly ash cenospheres (FACs), the solid wastes generated from a coal-firing power plant, were modified with an amino-terminated organosilicon (γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, KH550). Surface properties of the KH550-modified FACs (M-FACs) were characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). The characterized results showed that KH550 was successfully grated on the surface of FACs. The effects of various experimental parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dose, and temperature upon the phenol adsorption onto M-FACs were evaluated. The results showed solution pH had a major impact on the phenol adsorption onto M-FACs, the optimum phenol removal was observed around pH 7-9. The kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption process was best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetics, suggesting that the mainly phenol adsorption process was predominantly controlled by chemical process. M-FACs presented more than double adsorptive capacity as compared with FACs. The adsorption capacity of the regenerated adsorbents could still be maintained at 83% by the fourth adsorption-desorption cycle.
Enhanced Steelmaking Slag Mineral Carbonation in Dilute Alkali Solution
Authors: Pan Kai , Li Hui Quan , Wang Chen Ye , Bao Wei Jun , Huang Ke Lin , Liao Dan Kui
Published: January 2014

Steelmaking slag mineral carbonation is a possible technology for the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to the atmosphere, which has been studied both in aqueous and dilute alkali medium. A set of variables, the stirring speed, reaction time, alkali to slag ratio and reaction temperature, were systematically investigated. The results indicated that reaction time, alkali to slag ratio and reaction temperature were the major factors for CO2mineral sequestration. Under the optimal conditions with the alkali to slag ratio of 4 % at 80 °C, 16.64 g CO2can be sequestrated in per 100g steel slag and both calcite and aragonite were generated. This work would be of significance to understand the reaction mechanism deeply and provide valuable information for further study in this field.
The Optimization of Sintering Process for Alumina Extraction from Fly Ash
Authors: Wang Xiao Huan , Wang Bao Dong , Xiao Yong Feng , Liu Xiao Ting , Zhao Li Jun , Yu Geng Zhi , Sun Qi
Published: January 2014

The objective of paper is to optimize the variables of the sintering process with the six sigma philosophy. The impact of sintering temperature, Ca ratio, Na ratio and reaction time on the alumina reaching rate were primarily studied. In the research, a novel method was adopted to efficiently recover alumina and silica from high-alumina fly ash, and the response surface methodology of six sigma approach was also implemented to analysis the results obtained by the experiments. There is great significance to optimize sintering process for the industrialization of the novel method. Amount of energy consumption will be reduced in the production.
Substance Flow Analysis of Lead for Sustainable Resource Management and Pollution Control
Authors: Qu Chang Sheng , Li Bing , Wang Shui , Wan Wen Bo , Cai An Juan , Hu Kai Ming
Published: January 2014

As the biggest producer and the second largest consumer of lead in the world, China is facing serious conflict between rapid economic development and environmental deterioration caused by lead pollution. Our analysis results show that lead poisoning accidents increased sharply since 2005, and there is growing concern that children remain at risk from lead exposure. Accordingly, sustainable resource management and pollution control of lead is of great significance. As the first step, substance flow analysis (abbreviated as SFA) models of lead flows in both economic subsystem and environmental subsystem are established by using top-down approach in this study. Then the situation of production, consumption and emission of lead resources can be revealed. This study provides the most detailed depiction of lead flows within a regional level, and it is essentially important for the future analysis and management of lead resource. Furthermore, environmental simulation models, risk assessment models, Crystalball software and GIS tool are proposed to be integrated on the same platform to recognize the pollution situation, corresponding population risk and major exposure pathways in the study region. This new perspective extends the traditional method of substance flow analysis of lead, not only important for the improvement of lead resource efficiency, but also supporting the pollution prevention policy making.
Proper Design of Leachate Collection Pipe in Semi-Aerobic Landfill by Two Dimensional Simulation
Authors: Shi Xiong , Shimaoka Takayuki , Komiya Teppei , Li Jin Hui
Published: January 2014

Semi-aerobic method is a standard type of landfill currently used in Japan. Semi-aerobic landfill system enables to enhance the stabilization of landfilled solid waste utilizing the self-purification capacity inherent in nature. Although semi-aerobic method has been developed for about 20 years, the mechanism has not widely understood in many countries.
The objective of this study is to make clear the influence of the laying condition (pipe diameter, pipe placement distance) of leachate collection pipe on the stabilization of landfill through numerical simulation, by use of landfill model constructed in this study with consideration of the interactions of microbial activity and the transport process such as gas transport, heat transport and material transfer between gas and liquid phases.
Exploratory Study of Gold Recycle from the Tailing of All-Sliming Cyanidation CIP
Authors: Shi Shuai Xing , Han Deng Feng , Tan Ming , Li Qiang
Published: January 2014

Gold ore is processed by all-sliming cyanidation CIP (carbon in pulp) at a gold mine in Gansu province of China. The leaching residue (tailing) Au grade is about 0.52 g/t, which is much valuable to be recovered. Mineralogical analysis shows that the loss of gold in leaching residue is mainly organic carbon adsorption gold and inclusion gold, accounting for 45.55% and 54.45% respectively. The inclusion gold is mostly wrapped by gangue and metallic mineral separately, accounting for 35.56% and 18.89%. Excluding the gold in gangue, both the gold adsorbed by organic carbon and wrapped in metallic mineral could be recycled by flotation process. Study has been carried out for recovering gold in cyanide residue by solely column flotation apparatus. During the semi-industrial test, B and E type sparger were adopted in flotation columns to evaluate their influence on process performance. To further improve metallurgy technology the ultrasonic device was introduced into flotation column tank. The results showed that ultrasonic pretreatment is negative influence, and the E type sparger is better than B type sparger. The concentrate Au grade is up to 10.14g/t, and34.3% of Au lost in tailing was recovered while feed grade being 0.52g/t. The column flotation process was proven being a proper way to recycle gold from the tailing of all-sliming cyanidation CIP.
Removing As, Ba, Cu and Zn from Waste Plasma Display Panel Glass by Electrokinetics
Authors: Chen Meng Jun , Ogunseitan Oladele A.
Published: January 2014

Due to shorter and shorter life span and the rapid development of flat panel display, plasma display panel (PDP) is now becoming a new kind of e-waste. In order to remove heavy metals, such as As, Ba, Cu, Zn, from waste PDP glass, electro-kinetic process was introduced and factors that affect heavy metal removing rate were investigated. Results showed that HNO3 concentration and PDP adding amount could significantly impact heavy metal removing rate, while current density was on the opposite. Heavy metal removing rate increased first and then decreased as the time extension. When PDP powders was 2 g, 9 mL 5 mol/L HNO3 was added, current density was 200 mA/cm2 and time was 6 h, the removal rate of As, Ba, Cu, Zn were 71.02%, 95.87%, 92.50% and 97.70%, respectively. As, Ba, Cu and Zn distributions in the cathode, anode and middle chamber varied as changing particle size, HNO3 concentration, current density. Generally, most Cu was concentrated in cathode chamber, and Zn in the anode chamber, while As and Ba would be in both cathode and anode chamber. As, Ba, Cu and Zn, in the middle chamber, no more than 10%, were the lowest among the three.
Trends in Toxic Metal Levels in Discarded Laptop Printed Circuit Boards
Authors: Adie Gilbert U. , Balogun Olukemi E. , Li Jin Hui , Osibanjo Oladele
Published: January 2014

Waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) contain toxic metals at concentrations that could pose human and environmental threats if improperly disposed of. Also, PCBs are known to contain appreciable quantities of precious metals with economic value. This study investigated the levels of Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn and Cd in the PCBs extracted from ten discarded laptops and outlined the trends that can be drawn from the results. The laptops were made by a world-wide leading original equipment manufacturer (OEM). The whole laptops were disassembled to enable the extraction of populated PCBs; components were dismounted and all de-populated PCBs were separately crushed, sieved, and total recoverable metals aforementioned were extracted using EPA 3050B method. Also, PCBs were analysed following the EPA Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) and the EPA Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure (SPLP) tests to study their leachability when exposed to municipal landfill and rain water, respectively. The extracts were analysed for metal levels using atomic absorption spectrophotometric technique. The sequence of total recoverable metals was Cu (3.23±0.41%) > Pb (1.95±0.57%) > Ni (0.88±0.36%) > Zn (0.012±0.003%) > Cd (4.00±2.30 mg/kg). Our study revealed a reduction in average % Cu and Zn by at least 6 and 1.5 times, respectively compared with previous studies. The level of Pb also was noticed to decrease from 2.5% in PCBs produced in 2006 to 1.7% in those produced in 2009. On the one hand, this could be a sign of the efforts conducted by OEMs to shift towards the design of eco-friendly products. On the other hand, average Pb (mg/L) level in TCLP and SPLP leachates was respectively 13 and 11 times higher than EPA limit of 5mg/L. Discarded laptop PCBs should still be handled and disposed of as hazardous waste.
Characteristics of Food Residue in Accordance with Catering Habits
Authors: Li Fei , An Ying , Zhu Hao Chen , Huang Ju Wen , Shi Xiang , Li Guang Ming
Published: January 2014

Food residue is receiving increasing attention because of its large quantity of production, wide generation and potential environmental hazards. The characteristics of food residue vary greatly with catering habits. In order to study the composition characteristics of food residue, and to determine the reasonable treatment technologies, ten types of catering habits in Shanghai were sampled, and experimental research was conducted by means of analyzing the variation of moisture content, volatile solid, C/N ratio, salt content and metal elements. The results showed that moisture content varied greatly in accordance with catering habits, while VS/TS ratio was comparatively stable, ranging from 90.60% to 96.17%. The C/N ratio and salt content fluctuated with the change of catering habits, and the highest value was from Sichuan cuisine restaurants and local cuisine restaurants, respectively. Among the four metal elements, Mg had the highest content, followed by Al, and both Fe and Zn accounted for little content in food residue.
Influence of the Inoculation Volume on Methanogenesis by Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion with Residue from Hydrogen Production Fermentation Using Combined Substrate of Sludge and Food Waste
Authors: Luo Hong Xin , Li Yan , Yu Yu Fang , Lin Hong , Chen Jian Yong , Zheng Yu Yi
Published: January 2014

This paper investigated the influence of the inoculation volume of dewatering sludge on thermophilic anaerobic digestion in residue of fermentative hydrogen production using combined sludge and food waste in batch experimental systems. The inoculum to residue ratios were 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 90%, respectively. The results showed that the biogas production increased with the inoculation volume except for 90%,and the optimum inoculation volume was 70%.
Evaluation of the As, Cu and Pb Immobilizing Efficiency by Tessier, TCLP and SBET Method
Authors: Liu Dan Dan , Miao De Ren , Liu Fei
Published: January 2014

Utilize of property evaluation method for an immobilizing procedure is very important. In this paper, an immobilizing procedure was used to stabilize heavy metals in tested soils. Tessier sequence extract procedure (SEP), toxicity leaching procedure (TCLP) and simple bioaccessibility extraction test (SBET) were used to evaluate the efficiency of the stabilization procedure. The leachability, bioaccessibility and speciation of As, Cu and Pb in the tested soils were analyzed using Tessier SEP, TCLP and SBET method separately. The results indicated that the most active part of the heavy metals could be extracted out by TCLP method and it could be used to evaluate the risk of the tested soils. Tessier method divided heavy metals in soils to different fractions. Monitoring the changes of different fractions during the immobilizing procedure could help fully understand the mechanism of stabilization. The SBET method simulated the human digest system and evaluated the risk changes to human during the immobilizing procedure. And it helped to reveal the potential risk of chemical stability. In our project, these three evaluation method should be utilized properly to help accessing the risk, electing suitable immobilizing method and evaluating the efficiency of stabilization.
Study on Gypsum Retarder from Waste Penicillin Mycelium
Authors: Ren Xiao Qiong , Liu Hong Jie , Liang Xue Song
Published: January 2014

A new kind of gypsum retarder was prepared from waste penicillin mycelium (WPM), a harmful solid waste from pharmaceutical factory. The results indicated that the optimum treatment conditions were pH value 11, temperature 80 °C and treatment time 1.5 h. Compared with sodium citrate and sodium polyphosphate, WPM retarder can effectively prolong the setting time of gypsum with less influence on mechanical strength. The crystal morphology microstructure of gypsum containing retarder was studied with SEM and the reason why the mechanical strength loss of gypsum were also explained in this paper.
Research on the Nondestructive Detection Technologies for Japanese Abandoned Chemical Weapons in the Water in China
Authors: Yao Zong Zhong , Guan Ying Qiang , Wang Xin Ming
Published: January 2014

The aim of the paper is the research on the nondestructive detection of Japanese abandoned chemical weapons (JACWs) in the water. Distribution and characteristics of JACWs in the lakes and rivers in China, the task, the equipment and technical requirements of the JACWs nondestructive detection in the water are presented. Practical methods and procedure of JACWs nondestructive detection in the water are given by confirmed with verification test. Two living examples of JACWs nondestructive detection in the water are also presented. In the practice of JACWs detection, it is proved that this method and procedure of JACWs detection in the water has advantages such as high efficiency, low risk, good maneuverability and good effectiveness.
Variations in Microbial Flora in Different Phases of Refuse in Response to Dibutyl Phthalate
Authors: Fang Cheng Ran , Shen Dong Sheng
Published: January 2014

Simulated municipal solid waste (MSW) based on the actual proportional characteristics of MSW was loaded into a simulated leachate recirculation bioreactor landfill and the abundance of common and tolerant microbes exposed to dibutyl phthalate (DBP) were investigated in the initial, acidic and methanogenic phases. The results showed that the abundance of bacteria was greatest, while that of actinomycetes was smallest. The growth of microorganisms was not significantly inhibited by DBP during the initial phase; however, the growth of actinomycetes and fungi was inhibited during both the acidic and methanogenic phases, and the inhibition of actinomycetes was greater than that of fungi. When the DBP concentration was 5.0 g l-1, the inhibition ratio against actinomycetes was 89.5% and 80.9% in the refuse from the acidic phase and methanogenic phase, respectively, while it was 86.2% and 51.0%, respectively, against fungi during the same period. The toxic effects of DBP on microorganisms in refuse occurred in the order of actinomycetes > fungi > bacteria. In addition, the populations of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes were significantly and positively correlated with dehydrogenase activity, but negatively correlated with the VSS and BDM of refuse (P<0.01).
Dewatering Performance of Sewage Sludge during the Thermal Compression Process
Authors: Fan Li , Zhou Ming Yuan , Wang Jing Wei , Li Xiu Li , Ma Chang Wen
Published: January 2014

Sewage sludge proves to be difficult to dewater due to its composition and biological nature, and it is unsuitable for disposal with high moisture content. In the present work, sewage sludge is dewatered by the thermal compression, which shows unique separation advantages of various materials, and the effects of applied temperature and pressure on the dewatering performance are investigated. The filtrate SCOD reveals that higher temperature benefits the disruption of sludge flocs, resulting in the release of organic content. According to the accumulative filtrate volume, higher temperature and pressure facilitate the dewatering process, obtaining sludge cake with lower moisture content.
Literature Review and Prospect on the End-of-Life Vehicles Reverse Logistics
Authors: Gan Jun Wei , He Zheng Gang
Published: January 2014

End-of-life vehicles (ELVs), as an important renewable resource, have huge environmental and economic benefits. In recent years, with the rapid growth of the number of ELVs, ELV reverse logistics is becoming a hot research field. In this paper, the overall trend of ELV reverse logistics research at home and abroad and a review of the status quo and countermeasures of ELV recycling, the choice of recycling mode, the ELV reverse logistics system and the reverse logistics network are presented. Finally, on the basis of performed review, some recommendations for the future research are discussed.
Sludge Drying & Incineration Integration Circular Process Kiln Equipment & Technology Principle & Use
Authors: Yuan An Zhi
Published: January 2014

The text principal introduced sludge drying& incineration integration circular process kiln equipment and technology principle. By utilized sludgy heat of oneself incineration quantity & pass supplement thermal way & the cycle of complex process, it realized sludge drying incineration circular process. The quantity of dust of smoke poisonous and noxious substance was valid reduced. Not only probability of secondary pollution of smoke and realized reached the standard discharge of exhaust gas. It provided a new drying incineration technology and method and principle for disposition sludge. It realized reduction and harmless and stabilization resource utilization of sludge.
Phosphorus Releasing from Surplus Activated Sludge by Ultrasonic Pretreatment
Authors: Liu Chang , Zeng Ping , Song Yong Hui , Cheng Jian Guang , Zhu Chao Wei , Liu Xiao Ling , Qian Feng
Published: January 2014

Three kinds of surplus activated sludge were pretreated by alkali and combination of alkali and ultrasonic. The changes of PO43-P, TP, SCOD, TOC, TS, VS before and after pretreatment were investigated. The results showed that phosphorus and organic matter could be released into supernatant both by alkali and ultrasonic. The surplus activated sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plant was easier to be broken than that from pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plant. The activated sludge from Qinghe wastewater treatment plant could be selected for further phosphorus recovery since the largest quantity of phosphorus release and the lowest organic matter release ratio among the three kinds of surplus activated sludge.
Analysis of Ecological Remediation for Stone Wasteland of Shimenzhai Town in Qinhuangdao, China
Authors: Gong Ru Ying , Yang Qing He
Published: January 2014

Site degradation caused from environmental pollution and wasteland has absorbed wide concern in China. In contrast to physical remediation and chemical remediation, ecological remediation (or bioremediation) is supposed to be the most environmentally sound solution for the contaminated sites and wasteland. The stone wasteland of Shimenzhai town in Qinhuangdao was investigated on the spot. Based on the terrain and ground, vegetation and soil conditions, the approaches and measures of ecological restoration were analyzed, covering the terrain fixes, soil improvement, and choice of vegetation. Some major recommendations were concluded. 1) Regarding the terrain and ground, retaining wall, shape of slope, treatment of marsh land are raised; 2) With respect to soil improvement, the improved plant and adaptation to local condition should be applied; and 3) As the choice of vegetation, the rules of plant choice are put forward, and the suitable plant and engineering measures are choose for the local stone wasteland. Finally, towards the perfect sites remediation, an excellent engineering management and assessment system should be strengthened and established in the future.
Keywords: Contaminated sites; Wasteland; Qinhuangdao; Ecological remediation; Analysis
The Decision on Reserve Logistics Network Structure of End-of-Life Vehicles Recycling
Authors: He Zheng Gang , Zou Ye
Published: January 2014

End-of-life vehicles (ELVs) are the important renewable resources. In order to improve the recovery rate of ELVs and realize its economic value, environmental value and resource value, it is necessary to build a reserve logistics network of ELVs recycling, which is of high efficiency and benefit. The structure has great influence on the operation of whole network. Based on the analysis of different reserve logistics network structures, this paper builds and solves the model of decision on reserve logistics network Structure of ELVs recycling and analyses as well as verifies it using a example.
A Remediation Study of Soils Contaminated by Chlorinated Hydrocarbons with Mechanical Soil Aeration
Authors: Shi Yi , Li Fa Sheng , Du Xiao Ming , Xu Zhu , Ma Yan , Li Zheng , Fang Ji Dun , Zhang Chun Ming , Wang Qun Hui
Published: January 2014

Mechanical soil aeration is an effective and low cost ex-situ remediation technique suitable for large areas of volatile organic contaminated sites. To understand the effectiveness of the remediation technique, the current study remediated an abandoned industry site for a typical chlor-alkali chemical using this technology. The results showed that the technology is effective in the remediation of volatile organic compounds with a pass percentage greater than 90%. The results also showed that a lower vapor pressure or higher molecular weight with the similar concentration of pollution resulted in higher residual concentrations, which need increasing agitation frequency or machine power to promote the volatilization of pollutants. In addition, we found that the more pollution or water or organic matters (more than 1%) contained, the higher concentration of residual. These type of soils should be remediated not only by physical agitations but also by other strengthen measures and long period. The present study aims to promote the remediation of contaminated sites, especially large areas contaminated by volatile contaminants.
The Development of Risk-Based Remediation Target Value for Lead Contaminated Soils
Authors: Wang Shui , Qu Chang Sheng , Li Bing , Wu Hai Suo , Cai An Juan
Published: January 2014

With the rapid economic development, China is experiencing increased land contamination and lead poisoning problem in recent years, which is no longer restricted to isolated incidents and locations. There is an urgent need to remediate the lead contaminated soils to protect the publics health. However, contaminated land remediation and determination of remediation target value has been neglected for years. In order to accommodate uncertainties within the conservative point estimation of remediation target value for lead contaminated soils, Monte Carlo simulation technique is integrated into the traditional calculation model from a probabilistic perspective. Risk-based remediation target values for lead contaminated soils of different land use types (including school/hospital, residential, business and industrial use) are developed preliminarily. Furthermore, this study highlights the necessity to determine the remediation target value on the basis of actual (i.e. site-specific) risks to humans and, besides, actual risks due to contaminant migration.
Spatial Distribution of As-Concentrations in the Contaminated Site by the Highly Toxic As-Chemicals
Authors: Peng Feng Wu , Zhou Ting , Wei Shuan Jin , You Li Juan , Wang Xue Feng , Wang Ning
Published: January 2014

A total of 2668 surface soil samples (-0.5 m ~ 0 m) and 637 sub-layer soil samples (-1.0 m ~ -0.5 m) were collected from a contaminated site with an area of 26.19 hectares and analyzed the concentration of arsenic, so as to get the spatial distribution of arsenic concentrations in the soil contaminated by highly toxic As-chemicals. The results indicated that spatial correlation of arsenic content in surface soil was moderate. The optimal semivariogram model was the exponential model, and the best interpolation model was simple Kriging interpolation. The arsenic content of sub-layer was similar to that of surface soil in space structure, but weakly correlated. Analysis on the arsenic content in vertical sections showed that contamination was mainly concentrated in surface soil. The arsenic content in most of the collected samples reduced as the soil layer depth increased. Spatial variability of arsenic could be significantly affected by anthropogenic factors such as excavation & destruction of highly toxic As-chemicals and farming.
Field Methane Oxidation Efficiency at Municipal Solid Waste Landfills Located in the North of China
Authors: Yang Ting , Yue Dong Bei , Han Bing , Sun Yue
Published: January 2014

Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are one of main sources of anthropogenic methane emissions in China, and methane has been predicted to be the most significant greenhouse gas after 2030. In landfills, oxidation can take place naturally with methane migrating through the landfill cover. The value of fraction of methane oxidation recommended by the US EPA is 10%, which, however, is being challenged with more and more field measurement data from the Europe and the US. The characteristic of MSW in China is extremely different from that in the US, probably resulting in distinct differences in both methane generation and oxidation. The objective of this study was to determine the fraction of methane oxidized at MSW landfills in China and its spatial and temporal variations. Stable isotope technique was applied to determine the fraction of methane oxidized. The results showed that the fraction of methane oxidized where MSW was covered by soil ranged from 6.3% to 100% in Northeast China and 31% to 100% in North China. Methane oxidation could hardly occur in the operating surface. Besides, soil cover always had a high methane oxidation efficiency in summer. The fractional oxidation of methane in summer was more than 2 times than that in winter. All over the year, with the sampling depth decreasing, the fraction of methane oxidation of soil cover increased.
Study on UV–Visible Spectra Characteristic of Dissolved Organic Matter during Municipal Solid Waste Composting
Authors: Li Dan , He Xiao Song , Xi Bei Dou , Wei Zi Min , Pan Hong Wei , Cui Dong Yu
Published: January 2014

This paper aims to characterize the evolution of organic matter during the composting of municipal solid waste (MSW). During the 46-day composting process, six samples with different composting time were collected from Songjiang Solid Waste Biological Treatment Plant in Shanghai, China. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) was extracted by ultra-pure water, and the UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectra of DOM were scanned and investigated. The results showed that, during the composting process, non-humus substances in DOM were gradually transformed into humus substances, the aromatization, molecular weight and humification of humus substances increased. Correlation analysis showed that the absorbance value at 280 nm (SUVA280), and the area of 226~400 nm (A226~400) correlated positively with each other. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration exhibited a negative correlation with the parameters S275~295, SUVA280 and A200~226, and the correlation coefficients between the DOC content and the A220~226 value was the best (r= -0.976, P=0.001). The absorbance ratio bewteen 465 and 665 nm (E465/E665) showed a significant correlation with SUVA280 (r=-0.892, P=0.017), A226~400 (r=-0.909, P=0.012) and DOC (r=0.840, P=0.036). The absorbance ratio of 250 to 365 nm (E250/E365) correlated significantly with DOC (r=-0.880, P=0.021), and showed no correlation with the other parameters. Absorption curve slope in the range of 275~295nm (S275~295) showed a significantly positive correlation with the DOC content (r=0.961, P=0.002). Among all parameters, the A200~226, A226~400 and S275~295 values reflected compost maturity best.
Study on Index System for Graded and Classified Management of Enterprises Importing Scrap Metal
Authors: Hu Xiao Ying , Peng Xiao Chun , Zheng Yang , Wu Yan Yu
Published: January 2014

Studying the status quo of the management and technology of the enterprises processing and utilizing the imported scrap metals, this paper identifies the environmental risks of such enterprises and constructs a index system for graded and classified management of enterprises importing scrap metals, which includes seven criterion layers, namely raw material hazard index (S1), product index (S2), site index (S3), production process and equipment index (S4), pollution prevention and control index (S5), environmental management index (S6) and corporate compliance index (S7), and 22 indexes. The paper also calculates the weight of each index with analytic hierarchy process.
Landfill Gas Collection Efficiency at One Municipal Solid Waste Landfill in Northern China
Authors: Sun Yue , Yue Dong Bei , Li Run Dong , Yang Ting
Published: January 2014

Collection efficiency is a key indicator for the design and evaluation of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill gas (LFG) collection and utilization system. Although most Chinese sanitary landfills have been equipped with LFG collection systems, there are no accurate data on collection efficiencies, lack of which always result in huge loss of LFG or investment. The fates of methane generated in a landfill include collection through LFG pipes, fugitive emission from the surface, and oxidation by methanotrophs. Field campaigns for measuring methane emission and oxidation were conducted at one landfill located in Beijing. Methane samples were collected by means of static flux chambers. The measurements were carried out at soil covered road and operating and slope surfaces. Two methods, i.e. landGEM model based and field measurement based estimation were used for calculating the collection efficiency in this research. The methane emission amount were 262.1 and 53222.4 m3 in July 2013 for the working and slope surfaces, respectively. The collection efficiency was 94.3% according to field measurement. Calculated with the LandGEM model, the collection efficiencies for 2011 and 2012 were 48.5 and 47.7% (k=0.09 yr-1) and 20.9 and 22.2% (k=0.3 yr-1), respectively. The estimation based on field measurement was more credible than the other, although the lateral migration and the storage insitu were naglected. The model method did not perform well probably due to the inapplicability of the landGEM model on this landfill, where the MSW was packed into small-subcells, and inaccurate parameter, k.
A Review of Waste Management in Sri Lanka
Authors: Weerasundara G. Ajith
Published: January 2014

The purpose of this paper is to review the existing waste management practices, regulatory and institutional framework and technologies that are being employed currently for waste management in Sri Lanka in order to understand the magnitude of non-hazardous and hazardous waste problems and how to avoid these problems. This study is mainly based on information collected from literature review covering both municipal solid waste management and hazardous waste management. Sri Lanka has well-developed legislative and well-organized institutional framework with environmental related policies, strategies and guidelines on waste management. Technologies and methods used for waste management are well accepted, but innovative technologies and strategies have to be introduced to streamline and uplift the existing waste management practices. This study also revealed that there is a high potential in private sector involvement in waste management. Considering all these aspects, a detailed comprehensive technical review and potential technology development are necessary to deal with all categories of wastes generated in Sri Lanka.
Comparison Study of Scrap Tires Management between China and the USA
Authors: Hu Nan , Cheng Chun Ming , Wen Xue Feng , Chen Ying , Hu Hua Long
Published: January 2014

Total generation amount of scrap tires in China and the U.S. reach 500 million and total weights are about 10 million tons. Management on scrap tires is the common challenges for both countries. In this paper, generation situations, material flows and management policies of the two countries were analyzed and compared. Comparison results show higher possession of private vehicles and higher retreading ratio for commercial trucks in the U.S. results in relatively higher generation amounts (0.3billion units) and relatively lighter weights (4.4 million tons). Management policies on scrap tires in the U.S. are more comprehensive and stricter than those in China. The successful implementation of economic instruments in the U.S provides practical experiences for China to improve material flows and avoid illegally oil refining. In the U.S. co-disposed as an alternative fuel is the main outlet for scrap tires, while in China they are mainly recycled to produce reclaimed rubber.