bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biodegradation of Tannic Acid, Chromium and Cadmium Present in Leather Industrial Effluents Using Microorganisms Isolated from Leather Industrial Sludge
Authors: K Roselin , Rose J. Caroline
Published: December 2021

The present work was aimed to isolate indigenous predominant adapted Bacterial strains from tannery waste which possess the ability to detoxify and degrade Tannic acid, Chromium and Cadmium from tannery effluent. Fifteen bacterial strains were isolated from tannery sludge samples out of which Paracoccus pantotrophus (Tannery Waste 15) and Bacillus velezensis (Tannery Waste 17) were found to be the most efficient isolates. Degradation of Tannic acid, Cadmium and Chromium were evaluated for the two selected isolates. Better degradation of heavy metals was recorded in co-cultured media on day 7. From the study, it is evident that both P. pantotrophus and B. velezensis have has the ability to degrade tannic acid with maximum degradation on day 7 and absorbance was found to be 0.915 and 0.383 respectively. The strain P. pantotrophus showed better tannic acid degradation than B. velezensis. Better degradation was observed with co-culturing of both the strains with absorbance of 0.274. Optimal cadmium degradation was observed on day 7 with OD 2.013 and 1.709 for B. velezensis and P. pantotrophus respectively. P. pantotrophus showed better cadmium degradation when compared to B. velezensis. Chromium degradation was maximum on day 7 and absorbance was 2.096 for P. pantotrophus and 0.560 for B. velezensis. The isolates recorded an acceptable reduction in the concentration of Tannin, Chromium and Cadmium in tannery effluent. The results of this showed that the isolates reduced the concentration of Tannin, Chromium and Cadmium present in the raw tannery effluent and suggest that the organisms can be used as a possible treatment of tannery effluents.

Keywords: Bio-degradation, Bacillus velezensis, Paracoccuspantotrophus, Chromium, Cadmium, Tannic acid, Tannery effluent.
MENURUNKAN LEAD TIME SERVICE BERKALA EKSTERNAL FORTUNER DENGAN MEMPERCEPAT PROSES PENGGANTIAN OLI MESIN DI PT XYZ
Authors: Abikusna Setia Abikusna
Published: December 2021

PT. XYZ menyediakan layanan perbaikan kategori general repair bagi pelanggannya. Pada layanan ini, terdapat kendala yaitu lead time proses servis berkala eksternal (SBE) tidak mencapai target, khususnya pada proses penggantian oli mesin Fortuner. Proses ini dirasa masih kurang efektif karena teknisi kerap harus membersihkan cross member dan lower cover, serta lantai stall karena ada tetesan oli ketika proses penggantian oli dilakukan, hal ini yang menyebabkan waktu servis menjadi lebih lama. Dalam mencari solusi atas permasalahan yang terjadi, penulis menggunakan tools fishbone diagram untuk membuat improvement mempercepat penggantian oli mesin Fortuner dengan membuat service special tools (SST) berupa penampang oli mesin sehingga memudahkan teknisi melakukan penggantian oli mesin. Hasil dari improvement tersebut mempercepat lead time proses SBE dari 1 jam 2 menit 59 detik menjadi 54 menit 39 detik.
Awareness of Risk factor and Warning symptoms of Stroke among patients with hypertension at Tertiary care hospital of South India
Authors: Sathiya K. , Vijayasamudeeswari P. , Poongodi R.
Published: December 2021

Introduction: High blood pressure, also termed as hypertension is a condition that afflicts almost 1 billion people worldwide and is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Therefore, this disease is often referred as a “Silent Killer.” In most of the instances, this disease remains asymptomatic until severe to express as one of the following outcomes: stroke, myocardial infarction, renal dysfunction, visual problems and others. Thus, hypertension is affirmed as the major risk factor for stroke, coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. High blood pressure is one of the most common causes of stroke as it strains blood vessel walls causing them to thicken and deteriorate. Aim: To Assess the awareness of risk factors, symptoms of stroke among hypertensive patients and associate the awareness of risk factors and symptoms stroke with selected variables. Methods: a non-experimental descriptive research design was used in this study. the study was conducted among 300 samples of all the hypertensive patients admitted in Sri Ramachandra hospital and the patients who come for OPD during the study period. Purposive sampling technique is used for the study. The instrument used for this study has 3 components demographic data, self structured questionnaire on risk factors of stroke and self structured questionnaire on symptoms of stroke. Data were collected and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: With related symptoms severity reveals that majority of the sample 220(73.3%) had poor knowledge and 58(19.3%) had moderate knowledge and 4(1.3%) had good knowledge risk factors Reveals that majority of the sample 156 (52.0%) had poor knowledge and 109(36.3%) had poor knowledge 109 (36.3%) had moderate knowledge and 10(3.3%) had good knowledge. The mean and standard deviation of awareness of risk factors and symptoms of stroke among patient with hypertension was and there was no significant association between any patient with hypertension and selected demographic variables. Conclusion: The study concluded that majority of the samples had poor knowledge on risk factors and symptoms of stoke among hypertensive patients. Here the health care team members need create awareness among public in order reduce the morbidity and mortality rate of stroke.
New LC-MS Method Development and Validation for Quantitative Estimation of 2-Acetoxy Ethyl Acetoxy Methyl Ether in Acyclovir
Authors: Mabbu Indhu Priya , Sumathi G. , Devanna N.
Published: December 2021

The objective of the proposed method is to develop and validate a specific, precise and accurate LC-MS method for the determination of 2-acetoxy ethyl acetoxy methyl ether (AEM) in Acyclovir. An isocratic separation was done by using YMC-PACK PRO C18, (150 x 4.6 mm, 3µm) column with a mobile phase composition of Buffer (0.1% Ammonia in water) : Methanol(25 :75v/v)at a flow rate of 0.4mL/min, diluent solution of 0.2% of 0.1N NaOH in Methanol were monitored on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, operating in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) Acquisition mode and possitive polarity mode. The Retention time of AEM was found to be 5.344 minutes, LOD and LOQ were observed at 0.03 ppm and 0.11 ppm concentration respectively by signal to noise ratio method, linearity was found in the concentration range of 0.18-0.55 ppm with correlation coefficient of 0.996 and accuracy in the range of 97.7- 101% was obtained by performing percentage recovery studies. The % RSD was observed to be less than 10% for six replicates said to be precise. The proposed method was validated for accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and linearity successfully employed for quantitative determination of AEM in acyclovir.
A Rapid Method for the determination of Dehydrated alcohol (Ethanol) content in Clobetasol propionate foam by Non-polar Capillary Gas chromatography
Authors: Sushmitha K.S.M.L. , Ummiti Kumarswamy , Kumar J.V. Shanmukha
Published: December 2021

Clobeatsol propionate foam is a topical class 1 corticosteroid used to treat itching and inflammatory arthritis on the skin occurred by allergic reactions, psoriasis and eczema. In the pharmaceutical aerosol products, Dehydrated alcohol (Ethanol) is the primary ingredient and its concentration level in the formulation composition plays a significant role in the regulation of aerosol rate, droplet shape and particle size. It can also act as solubilizer for active pharmaceutical ingredient, topical disinfectant and skin permeation enhancer. Hence accurate assay of Ethanol is a crucial quality control component. A simple and rapid gas chromatography method was developed to quantify Ethanol content in Clobetasol propionate foam drug product using fused silica glass tube non-polar capillary column (HP-5, 30 m, 0.53 mm, 1.5 µm). Ethanol in the sample was diluted with methanol after adding suitable amount of internal standard, the isopropyl alcohol solution.The developed method is precise, linear and accurate in the range of 5 mg/mL to 15 mg/mL of nominal concentration of ethanol i.e. 10 mg/mL . The presented method has an advantage of a very quick gas chromatographic separation (less than 16 min) and therefore is highly suitable for in-process and stability analysis of Ethanol content in Clobetasol propionate foam drug product.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of some newer Indole Derivatives
Authors: Bhardwaj Himanshu , Kumar Sharma Gyanendra , Mittal Nitin , Bhardwaj Harsh
Published: December 2021

The indole skeleton is one of the most appealing structures with a wide scope of natural and pharmacological exercises, for example, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer. A progression of new N-Substituted benzyidene 2- (1H-indol-2-yl)benzenamine subordinates (3a-3k) were combined by the response of 2-(o-aminophenyl)indole and fragrant aldehyde within the sight of ethanol with scarcely any drops of acidic corrosive. The response blend was observed by TLC and recrystallized from wanted dissolvable. The structures of these mixes have been affirmed by FTIR, 1HNMR, mass ghastly information, natural investigation. All the combined mixes were assessed for antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer activity.the results uncovered that 3g, 3h and 3k display progressively powerful movement against on the two microbes and parasitic species and compound 3h indicated promising inhibitory action against DLA cells which is cancer-causing.
A Systematic Review on Knowledge-Attitude-Practice on diabetes: Assessment Process and Outcome Levels
Authors: Banu Bilkis , Yasmin Farzana , Hossain Khan Mobarak , Ali Liaquat , Sauerborn Rainer , Souares Aurélia
Published: December 2021

This systematic review aimed to gather scientific evidence regarding the methods and indicators used to measure Knowledge Attitude and Practices (KAP) related to their disease among patient with diabetes and the level of KAP measured as outcome. 65 studies were included in this review following the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria and using the 7 electronic databases. Reviewed papers were categorized according to the assessment process of KAP in the studies. Articles were described and analyzed according to a list of criteria defined: the publication year; research location; study design; age of study subjects; addressed issues, process to measure and level of KAP in the article. Assessment of KAP on diabetes was expressed by mean, categories, percentage or in combined process. Majority of the reviewed studies were cross sectional (n=46, 71%), performed among adult patients (n=59, 91%), conducted in Asia (n=39, 60%) and used non- standardized questionnaire (65%). In most of the studies, level of knowledge and attitude on diabetes was found to be average (n=39, 60% & n=7, 11% respectively) and practices were found poor (n=12, 19%). The findings showed different types of indicators produced to measure KAP and the different dimensions being used either independently or together. There is a need for a standard validated questionnaire to be able to produce a measure of knowledge and behaviors of patients with diabetes that will be valid and comparable.
Asking for Young Offenders: What is the Fate of Restorative Justice within Nigeria's Discretionary Diversion Policy?
Authors: Okoh Collins
Published: December 2021

The young offenders’ justice system in Nigeria represents an area where the law has failed to respond properly to the needs it was designed for. Many empirical studies conducted over 17 years show that young offenders in Nigeria are continuously subjected to the state-sanctioned processes and practices—the formal justice system—which goes against the best interest of the child principle. This is despite the fact that Nigeria has ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and domesticated it through the Child’s Rights Act 2003 (CRA). The problem is that the diversion policy framework under the CRA offers discretionary powers to state officials who drive the formal justice system. This allows these officials to choose whether to divert cases and to select which restorative justice mechanisms to divert to at any level of the young offenders’ justice system. This paper argues that taking away such discretionary powers can help to improve the treatment of young offenders under the Nigerian  criminal justice system. Drawing lessons from New Zealand, this paper suggests, among others, a mandatory diversion policy for a committed practice of juvenile restorative justice in Nigeria.
Comparison of the Approach of the Czech National Bank and the European Central Bank to the Effects of the Global Financial Crisis
Authors: Cecrdlova Andrea
Published: December 2021

The latest global crisis, which fully erupted in 2008, can have a significant impact on central banks credibility in the long run. During the last crisis, monetary authorities encountered zero interest rate levels and, as a result, started to use non-standard monetary policy instruments. The Czech National Bank decided to use a less standard instrument in November 2013, when it started to intervene on the foreign exchange market in order to keep the Czech currency at level 27 CZK / EUR. However, the European Central Bank also adopted a non-standard instrument, when chose a path of quantitative easing in 2015 in order to support the euro area economy by purchasing financial assets. The question remains whether the approach of Czech National Bank or the approach of European Central Bank in the crisis and post-crisis period was a more appropriate alternative. With the passage of time from the global financial crisis, it is already possible to compare the approaches of these two central banks and at least partially assess what approach was more appropriate under the given conditions. When comparing the central banks approaches to the crisis, the Czech National Bank was better, both in terms of the rate of interest rate cuts and the resulting inflation with regard to the choice of a non-standard monetary policy instrument. The recent financial crisis has revealed the application of moral hazard in practice, both on behalf of the European Central Bank and the Czech National Bank, which may have a significant impact on their credibility and independence in the coming years.
FINANCIAL UNAVAILABILITY OF HOUSING IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ITS SOLUTION
Authors: Hromada Eduard , Cermakova Klara
Published: December 2021

The paper deals with the issue of unavailability housing in the Czech Republic, which affects an increasing number of people. As a result of the covid-19 pandemic, there has been a significant increase in property prices and widening the price to income gap, which mainly affects young people. This paper describes the basic causes of this undesirable phenomenon in society and provides recommendations that should be quickly adopted by the state and municipalities to improve the situation as we see a risk of an increase in social tension in society and a deterioration in the availability of employment for low-income professions.
Study of Intertemporal Discounting According to Age Groups
Authors: Rotschedl Jiri , Mitwallyova Helena
Published: December 2021

The paper focuses on the topic of intertemporal discounting of individuals according to age groups. Using the sample of examined individuals, it aims to verify the hypothesis that the patience of individuals decreases with their increasing age. The study included a total of 599 individuals with an average age of 38.3 years (min. 16 and max. 82 years) who answered classical questions focused on time discounting and impulsive behaviour. In total, four possible scenarios were analysed: a small reward (CZK 100) with a delay of 1 day, a small reward with a delay of 1 month, a large reward (CZK 100,000) with a delay of 1 day and a large reward with a delay of 1 month. The delayed reward was always increased by 10% (i.e., CZK 110 or CZK 110,000). The basic hypothesis was that with increasing age, the subjective discount rate increases i.e., patience decreases. The above-mentioned 4 scenarios were evaluated for the hypotheses, while only three of the four scenarios were confirmed for all hypotheses. The results in the examined individuals suggest that with increasing age, there is a decrease in patience and at the same time a decrease in impulsive behaviour. These findings may have an overlap in consumption or savings in relation to the aging population.
TOWARDS THE CONSTRIBUTION OF ECONOMICS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ITS SCIENTIFIC NEIGHBORS. The case of a legal scholarship*
Authors: TRISKA Dusan
Published: December 2021

In Tříska (2017) have been suggested ways how legal scholarship (LS) may contribute to the development of economics - economic theory (ET). The objective of the present article is to corroborate a reverse know how transfer, i.e. from ET to LS. Its method is thus primarily derived from how micro-economics approaches the institution of a homo economicus.
The articles objective is to show under what conditions can this economic method be expanded and generalized so as to open ways for its application upon neighboring disciplines of societal studies. The outcome of this endeavor– for want of a better term - is presented under the label of a General Theory of Choice and Behavior (GTCB).
Moreover, it is argued that – under the umbrella of GTCB – the disciplines can establish their genuine scientific underpinning and hence also absorb a formalized analytical tool-kit. For concreteness, this conclusion is illustrated for legal scholarship, namely its concept a contract to be strictly taken in the economics sense of a collective choice.
On the highest level of generalization, the article should be understood as a response to the seminal Elinor Ostrom’s call for an agreement amongst societal scholars upon universally acceptable analytical building blocks.
Phraseological expressions and proverbs in Albanian folk’s dictionary
Authors: Canaj Kimete
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this paper is to make a proverb analyses between the various phraseological expressions that originate from different regions in Kosovo, Albania, Macedonia, and Montenegro. The aim of this research is morphonological and pragmatical analysis of the Albanian proverbs due to empirical and theoretical phraseological methodology. What motivated us to write this paper is the fact that a relatively high number of this proverbs are used in phraseological expressions, so they are important in the respective culture and tradition. Idiomatic language is human-centred, because human body, or nature serves as an important source of idioms or proverbs as they resonate with anyone, both physically and metaphorically. These proverbs and idioms may display the philosophy of the people speaking Albanian language and serves as a window into the Albanian culture and tradition. Proverbs create accurate images in the mind that draw the reader's or listener's attention. Proverbs are not only used as stylistic features but also as persuasive arguments reflecting a people's way of life, culture, and tradition.
Studying language makes one aware that proverbs provide insights into the linguistic situations of scientific creativity. Moreover, proverbs and phraseologies are incredibly diverse and enable students to understand the wide range of opportunities and expressions that the language offers.
How formative are assessments for learning activities towards summative assessment?
Authors: Li Tilo , Li Tilo , Li Tilo , Li Tilo
Published: December 2021

To academics of higher education institutes, motiving, enhancing and improving student learning have never been easy. Different types of course work or continuous assessment or assessment for learning activities are designed to lead students to achieve the intended learning outcomes of respective courses. Depending on the nature of courses, these activities vary and they can either be done individually or in groups. The question is whether these activities can achieve their stated goals or if they can, how much these activities can lead students to achieve the intended learning outcomes as reflected by a summative assessment, normally it is a timed final exam or a take-home final essay. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the correlations between formative assessment activities and the summative assessment. Data of an introductory statistics course of different cohorts of a private degree-granting institute in Hong Kong were used in this study. The results indicate that individual assignments have a strong relationship with the exam score, while group projects do not. More surprisingly, group projects are negatively related to exam scores. The implication is that academics should rethink how to make group work a better and fairer assessment for individual student’s contribution.
Possibilities of knowledge transfer in the practical training of educational leaders in the Czech Republic
Authors: Urbanová Eva , Urbanová Eva
Published: December 2021

Changes in society and rapid technological development are linking professional qualifications with lifelong learning. The ability to respond quickly to changes in the competitive environment depends on knowledge, which is one of the most important types of capital. Knowledge has become an important part of all organisations and determines their success or failure. Its management, development, sharing and use within an organisation is essential for the competitiveness of the organisation. In an organization, it is not possible for one person to perform all the tasks leading to the achievement of the set objectives, so there is delegation. Aspiring school principals are expected to have the same knowledge and skills as their predecessors and to acquire many professional skills in a short period of time. In the preparation of educational leaders, who are not systematically prepared for their profession prior to taking up their posts in the Czech Republic, it is necessary to look for ways to appropriately manage and transfer explicit and tacit knowledge from more experienced school principals to those starting out, using elements of experiential reflective learning. The results show that mostly work activities requiring explicit knowledge are delegated by the school principal to his/her subordinates, while work activities requiring tacit knowledge are mostly carried out by the school principal himself/herself. The research question is: What are the ways in which knowledge can be transferred from experienced principals to students, future school principals, in management practice?
Waiting for lumbar spinal stenosis surgery: suffering and a possibility to discover coping abilities
Authors: Knutsson Björn , Jong Mats , Sayed-Noor Arkan , Sjödén Göran , Augutis Marika
Published: December 2021

Objective

The objective of this study was to describe aspects of suffering related to being a person with LSS and how suffering is managed before LSS surgery.

Methods/design/setting

A Swedish county hospital. Interviews with 18 consecutive patients on the waiting list for LSS surgery. The themes that emerged from content analysis were further interpreted using Antonovsky salutogenic model as a sensitizing concept.

Results

The suffering from LSS before surgery included the main theme of experiencing an impaired physical and social life and struggling to be believed and taken seriously. This had coping strategies to manage symptoms before surgery: a good physician-patient relationship alleviates the burden of long waiting times; ways to manage pain and disability; ambiguous expectations and hope for recovery, and; ways to handle concerns before surgery).

Conclusion

Being a person with LSS includes suffering and a possibility to discover coping abilities or having support structures for doing so. Our study emphasizes the importance of a supportive dialogue, where physicians and patients make the suffering from LSS and care before LSS surgery more comprehensible and manageable.
تقييم تطبيق تجربة الإقرار عن طريق التقدير الذاتي للضريبة على الشركات الكبرى و الوسطى بالسودان
Authors: هدى دياب أحمد صالح
Published: December 2021

تقييم تطبيق تجربة الإقرار عن طريق التقدير الذاتي للضريبة على الشركات الكبرى و الوسطى بالسودان

This research aims to appraisal an application of method installation taxes subjectivist from the point of view of taxpayers to be an application into beiger companies and the middle companies, the regard 2007 one year» The research were tested the variables of hypothesis used analysis by statistical package of social sciences to procreation the percentage frequently and connation of coefficient artificial level explanation different between answers the research of samples.

The research concludes many results The installation to appraisal taxes subjectivist a weight some improvement: 1 -helap to obtainment taxes 2-The increase trust between Taxpayers and the Taxation chamber.

3-The instrument to be Taxpayers to burdening responsibility an assessment taxes.

4- Decreasing amount taxes duty for taxpayer.

5-To be improvement the obtainment of the taxes.

The improvement research to recommendations must to be made campaign culture about method installation taxes subjectivist specials In side the accounting sciences in the science side
الإعجاز بالصرفة و أوجه فساده في ضوء القرآن الكريم
Authors: صديق أحمد مالك علي
Published: December 2021

الإعجاز بالصرفة و أوجه فساده في ضوء القرآن الكريم

علي، صديق أحمد مالك. 2012. الإعجاز بالصرفة و أوجه فساده في ضوء القرآن الكريم. مجلة جامعة أم درمان الإسلامية،مج. 2012، ع. 22، ص ص. 31-97
ATTITUDE OF CHILDREN PRACTICING AND NON-PRACTICING SPORT TOWARDS THE SUBJECT “PHYSICAL CULTURE”
Authors: Mikaelyan Gayane , Ghazaryan Narine
Published: December 2021

Without mathematical calculations and examining only our surroundings we can state that about 30% of children around us are engaged in sports, another 10% are engaged in activities such as dancing or singing if, of course, there is an adequate centre or a music school in the area of residence, the other 10% of schoolchildren have involvement in various fields. Thus, almost 50% of children around remain disengaged. The only place to fill this gap is school.
In order to organize the research, we had a preliminary conversation with the physical education teachers of schools from different administrative districts. In addition, literary sources were studied, mathematical statistics were carried out. The study involved 30 schoolchildren of different genders and ages who participate in sports and those who don’t participate in sports. In the scope of the research schoolchildren were surveyed through questionnaire composed of 13 points.
INSULIN PATHWAY PROTEINS ARE ALTERED IN PATIENTS WITH CONCOMITANT ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Grigoli Marina , Oliveira Danielle de , Zanarelli Paloma , Manzine Patrícia , Cominetti Márcia
Published: December 2021

Background: Alterations in the insulin pathway proteins have been associated with brain disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objectives: To investigate the peripheral levels of the insulin pathway proteins between cognitively and metabolically preserved participants, patients with DM2, AD and those with the concomitant presence of AD and DM2. Methods: The study was approved by the UFSCar’s ethics committee (CAAE: 31634720.9.0000.5504). Patients were diagnosed with AD using the criteria of the National Institute on Aging/Alzheimer’s Association (NIA/AA). DM2 was defined as self-report of taking oral antidiabetic medication. Plasma was collected by venipuncture from 36 participants. The levels of the of following proteins were analyzed by ELISA (Enzyme Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay): ISNR, IGF1R, IGF, IRS1, Akt1/PKB, PI3KCD/PI3Kdelta, MAPK1/ERK2, MAPK8/JNK1, PTP1B and IDE (Life-Span Biosciences). Results: Several proteins of the insulin pathway were altered in patients with AD, DM2 and AD+DM2, compared to healthy controls, reinforcing the strong correlation between DM2 and AD. Conclusions: This study shows peripheral alterations in the insulin signaling pathway proteins, confirming the relation between DM2 and AD and pointing out the importance of characterizing in detail the insulin signaling pathways, as they may play a key role in the pathogenesis of AD.
EFFECTS OF REPETITIVE TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION IN AGED RATS DEPEND ON PRE-TREATMENT COGNITIVE STATUS: TOWARD INDIVIDUALIZED INTERVENTION FOR SUCCESSFUL COGNITIVE AGING
Authors: Weiler Marina , Castilla Perla Moreno- , Starnes Hannah , Melendez Edward , Stieger Kevin , Long Jeffrey , Rapp Peter
Published: December 2021

Background: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) has shown initial promise in combating age-related cognitive decline and dementia. The nature and severity of cognitive aging, however, varies markedly between individuals. Objective/Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the distinct constellation of brain changes responsible for individual differences in cognitive aging might influence the response to rTMS. Methods: Cognitive effects of rTMS were evaluated using a rat model of cognitive aging in which aged rats are classified as Aged-Impaired (AI) or -Unimpaired (AU) relative to young (Y) according to their performance in the Morris water maze. Several weeks later, following presentation of a sample odor in an olfactory recognition task, rats received either sham (Y, n = 9; AU, n = 8; AI, n = 9) or intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation (Y, n = 8; AU, n = 8; AI, n = 9). Memory was tested 24 hours later. Results: Recognition memory in the sham and stimulated conditions depended on pre-treatment cognitive status in the aged rats. Y and AU sham rats displayed robust odor recognition, whereas sham-treated AI rats exhibited no retention. In contrast, rTMS treated AI rats showed robust retention, comparable in magnitude to Y, whereas the AU stimulated scored at chance. Conclusion: Our results are consistent with a perspective that the unique neurobiology associated with variability in cognitive aging modulates the response to rTMS. Protocols with documented efficacy in young adults may have unexpected outcomes in aging or neurodegenerative conditions, requiring individualized approaches.
INCREASED EXPRESSION OF SOLUBLE INACTIVE ADAM10 IN PATIENTS WITH ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Oliveira Danielle de , Grigoli Marina , Zanarelli Paloma , Manzine Patrícia , Cominetti Márcia
Published: December 2021

Background: DM2 (type 2 diabetes mellitus) can lead to higher risk of developing AD (Alzheimer’s disease). Previous results show that soluble inactive ADAM10 (A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease 10) plasma levels are increased in AD. Objectives: To compare plasma ADAM10 levels between cognitively healthy participants, patients with AD and with the concomitant presence of AD and DM2. Methods: Plasma samples from 36 individuals aged 60 years or more were analyzed, divided into 4 groups: Cognitively and metabolically preserved, AD, DM2 and concomitant presence of AD and DM2. Blood was collected and plasma was separated by centrifugation. The total protein concentration was determined using the Pierce BCA method. ADAM10 levels were determined by SDS-PAGE analysis followed by western blotting. Human serum albumin levels were used as endogen control. Results: Both AD and DM patients had increased plasma ADAM10 levels compared to control participants and these levels were also higher in patients with both diseases. These preliminary results indicate that changes in the insulin pathway may be related to changes in plasma ADAM10 levels, contributing to the development of AD. Conclusions: This study can contribute to the understanding of the biology of the disease itself, as well as the treatment of this type of dementia, also observing the metabolic state of patients.
CONTROLLED EPISODIC RETRIEVAL IN BEHAVIORAL VARIANT FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA AND ALZHEIMER DISEASE.
Authors: Jaeger Antônio , Carreira Eduarda , Gama Natália , Caramelli Paulo , Souza Leonardo
Published: December 2021

Background: Recent studies showed that episodic memory is impaired in behavioral variant of Frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), but in contrast to Alzheimer disease (AD) it is assumed to be caused primarily by deficits in executive control. Objective: Our goal was to probe this possibility by testing bvFTD and AD patients in a source memory task which manipulated executive control. Methods: We assessed 14 healthy controls (HC), 20 bvFTD patients, and 18 AD patients in a source memory task for spatial location in which objects were first seen at the left or right side of the screen, and at test in the center of the screen, when participants were asked to indicate in which side of the screen each object was studied. Importantly, at test, predictive arrow cues (66.7% valid/33.3% invalid) indicated the likely prior location of each object. Results: BvFTD and AD patients showed indistinguishable overall memory performances, although both showed significantly poorer performances than HC. Furthermore, although both HC and bvFTD participants had their memory judgments affected by cueing, showing poorer memory accuracy after invalid than after valid cues, AD patients showed equivalent performance for both cue types. Conclusion: The current findings support the notion that episodic memory is impaired in bvFTD, and suggests that such impairment can be as severe as in AD. The cause of this impairment, however, was not related to the executive dysfunctions manipulated in the current source memory task, but rather to further mechanisms in the bvFTD memory deficits.
THE BRAZILIAN SURVEILLANCE FOR PRION DISEASE: CURRENT DATA
Authors: Smid Jerusa , Nitrini Ricardo , Martins Vilma , Landemberger Michele , Gomes Helio , Canedo Nathalie Canedo , Chimelli Leila
Published: December 2021

Background: The Brazilian Surveillance for Prion Disease began in 2005 with compulsory notification of suspected cases. Objective: To determine the diagnosis of reported patients to the Brazilian Surveillance for Prion Disease and evaluate the clinical and genetic data. Methods: Data from the notification sheet were collected and patients were classified according to current clinical and pathological criteria. Results: 757 cases were notified from 2005 to 2019. 51 cases were defined DCJ, 295 probable DCJ, 172 possible DCJ and 38 genetic DCJ. 55 patients had other diagnosis and 146 were unclassified (missing data). The most frequent mutations were E200K, D178N, P102L and V180I. Among defined and probable DCJ: 55% were female, mean age was 62 y.o. and median age was 61.9 y.o.; 51.8% were M129M and 23.2% V129V. CSF 14.3.3 was positive in 69.2%, disease-typical EEG findings were observed in 42.3% and MRI revealed typical findings in 76.9%. No variant CJD were diagnosed. Discussion: considering the Brazilian population and the prevalence of CJD worldwilde, we expected more cases of CJD than were notified. Methionine and valine homozygotes are overrepresented, in agreement with international data. MRI were the more useful subsidiary test for clinical classification.. Conclusion: besides the undernotification, the Brazilian surveillance for prion diseases evaluated 757 suspected cases in the last 15 years. 50.7% were probable, defined CJD or genetic prion disease.
REDUCED SPEECH CONNECTEDNESS IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE RELATES TO POORER SEMANTIC MEMORY
Authors: Malcorra Bárbara , Mota Natália , Weissheimer Janaina , Schilling Lucas , Wilson Maximiliano , Hübner Lilian
Published: December 2021

Background: Connected speech, an ecologically valid task, represents a valuable tool to support the detection of linguistic and cognitive impairment. Objective: First, to verify whether connected speech can differentiate oral narrative production between adults with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cognitively healthy older adults (HOA). Second, to verify whether specific speech graph attributes are associated with episodic, working, and semantic memory. Methods: 24 AD patients (age=72.75±8.13; education=4.25±3.30) and 48 HOA (age=69.85±7.06; education=5.08±3.10) produced an oral narrative task based on a sequence of pictures and performed episodic, working, and semantic memory tasks. Narratives were transcribed and each word was represented as a node and the temporal sequence was represented as directed edges. Graph connectedness was assessed by counting the number of edges (E), the number of nodes in the largest connected component (LCC) and the number of nodes in the largest strongly connected component (LSC). Results: AD patients produced less connected narratives than the HOA, with fewer edges (p=0.0035) and smaller LSC (p=0.0116). Semantic memory correlated moderately with LCC (Rho=0.59, p=0.002) exclusively in AD. Episodic memory correlated with LSC in HOA (Rho=0.47, p= <0.001). Conclusion: Word-graphs connectedness represents a practical tool to assess cognitive impairment in AD patients.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ADAPTIVE VERSION OF THE “KISSING & DANCING TEST" (KDT)
Authors: Sandrini Reynaldo , Goulart Maria Teresa , Barade Roberta , Souza Dayse , Claessens Peter
Published: December 2021

Background: KDT (Bak & Hodges, 2003) was adapted to Brazilian-Portuguese (Baradel, 2016) with modifications in the stimuli (photos vs pictures); number of foils (4 vs 2) and application (presentation in computer screen). The task has 51 items and was applied to 89 cognitively healthy elderly individuals. Objective: To develop and compare to short-versions of the KDT: fixed (FV) and adaptive (CAT). Methods: Using the ‘R for Statistical Computing’ environment, the answers were analyzed with the classical test theory (CTT) and with the item response theory (IRT). FV was developed with an algorithm based on the maximization of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and ltm package. CAT was developed using ltm and mirtCAT, from the parameters of difficulty and specificity of each item, estimated by the IRT. Results: The short fixed test reduced the number of items from 51 to 27, obtaining a maximum Cronbach’s alpha of 0.74. The CAT is in its finalization phase and in the preliminary tests it showed an even greater decrease in the number of items, to a maximum standard error of 0.3, in the skill estimation. Conclusion: The application of psychometric technologies allowed a significant reduction in the number of items needed for the application of KDT, making it even more accessible for its target populations in Brazil.
Incontinência urinária de esforço e laser vaginal
Authors: Condé-Rangel Samantha , Davila Willy , Brito Luiz Gustavo
Published: December 2021

A incontinência urinária na mulher é uma alteração frequente e que causa um grande impacto negativo na qualidade de vida e no convívio social. A história médica e o exame físico detalhados são os primeiros passos para o diagnóstico correto dessa condição. A associação de questionários validados para a língua portuguesa com a aplicação do diário miccional e de testes para perda urinária complementam a avaliação inicial, reservando-se exames mais invasivos como o estudo urodinâmico para casos selecionados. O tratamento da incontinência urinária de esforço varia de medidas conservadoras até procedimentos cirúrgicos mais invasivos, e há uma lacuna entre esses dois extremos. Atualmente, têm sido propostos como alternativa em casos selecionados métodos minimamente invasivos, como o laser e a radiofrequência. O objetivo deste artigo é fazer uma breve revisão da utilização do laser vaginal para o tratamento da incontinência urinária de esforço na mulher.
Toxoplasmose na gestação
Authors: Guimarães Santos Luisa , Moreira de Sá Renato Augusto
Published: December 2021

Usualmente, a toxoplasmose é considerada inofensiva para uma mulher não grávida, mas é potencialmente prejudicial durante a gravidez, especialmente no primeiro trimestre. Uma das principais consequências da infecção por Toxoplasma gondii em mulheres grávidas é a transmissão vertical para o feto. As mulheres grávidas que adquirem a infecção pelo Toxoplasma gondii geralmente permanecem assintomáticas, embora ainda possam transmitir a infecção aos fetos, com consequências graves. A toxoplasmose congênita pode causar doenças neurológicas ou oculares graves (levando à cegueira), bem como anomalias cardíacas e cerebrais. O cuidado pré-natal deve incluir a educação sobre a prevenção da toxoplasmose e exames de rastreamento.
Ich höre ... nicht alles!
Authors: Buchegger-Pieber Manuela
Published: December 2021

Kinder und Jugendliche mit Gehörlosigkeit oder mittel- bis hochgradigen Hörbeeinträchtigungen sind im schulischen Alltag oftmals mit, für Lehrpersonen nicht sichtbaren, Barrieren ausgesetzt, die sie beim Lernen, Interagieren und Partizipieren behindern. Wenn auch vorab bauliche und strukturelle Rahmenbedingungen mitbedacht werden, so prägen rückblickend Erfahrungen der sozialen Ausgren­zung und Misserfolg die Schullaufbahn von Menschen im Fokus Hören. Dieser Beitrag möchte allen Personen, die mit Kindern und Jugendlichen im Fokus Hören leben und arbeiten, Hoffnung geben und ebenso Wege skizzieren, wie der Abbau von Barrieren und die Bereitstellung von passenden Struktu­ren und Ressourcen gelingen kann, sodass diese Lernenden in Schule und Unterricht partizipieren, in­nerhalb der Peergroup angepasst interagieren und autonom, ihren Bedürfnissen entsprechend, han­deln können.
Hoffnung
Authors: Höflich Sabine
Published: December 2021

Hoffnung als Welt, der in der Gegenwart Orientierung bietet, Zuversicht schenken kann und mit Vertrauen sowie Optimismus in die Zukunft blicken lässt
spes, feminines lateinisches Substantiv, die Hoffnung
Authors: Lošek Fritz
Published: December 2021

Die Hoffnung: eine Begriffklärung.
Churermodell – Möglichkeit, um Hoffnung zu schaffen
Authors: Lutz-Bommer Karin
Published: December 2021

Was in der Stadt Chur als Schulentwicklung begann, hat unterdessen in vielen anderen Schulen Einzug gehalten: Das Churermodell. Was das Churermodell ist und warum dies als Modell für eine Hoffnungsschule dienen kann, erklärt die Autorin in diesem Beitrag.
Ein besseres Leben in einer besseren Welt
Authors: Bittner Franz Gunter
Published: December 2021

Hoffnung an die Schule hegt einerseits jedes einzelne Kind, jede*r einzelne Jugendliche, um für das weitere Leben das notwendige intellektuelle, soziale, kreative … Rüstzeug mitzubekommen. Hoffnung an die Schule hat aber auch die Gesellschaft in ihrer Gesamtheit, um aus der drohenden Auflösung des Zusammengehörigkeitsgefühls herauszufinden. Ein Essay über das Prinzip Hoffnung als Wesensmerkmal von Schule.
Hoffnung leben, Hoffnung geben
Authors: Trenker Peter
Published: December 2021

Die erschreckenden Entwicklungen in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie in der Folge der Corona-Pan­demie rücken die Bedeutung der Hoffnung wieder in den Mittelpunkt. Innerweltliches Glück und „Heil“ reichen offensichtlich nicht (mehr). Erfreulicherweise bestätigt die Jugendstudie der Pädagogi­schen Hochschule Vorarlberg, dass die Sehnsucht junger Menschen nach einer guten Beziehung ungebrochen hoch ist. Für die Erfüllung dieser Sehnsucht lohnt es sich zu leben.
Experiências narrativas de professoras iniciantes: movimentos de socialização no cotidiano escolar
Authors: Bragança Inês Ferreira de Souza , Morais Joelson De Sousa
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo compreender os processos de socialização profissional de professoras iniciantes no cotidiano escolar, bem como refletir acerca da constituição das experiências nos primeiros anos da docência. O estudo foi desenvolvido tendo como referência a abordagem da pesquisaformação narrativa (auto)biográfica em educação, primando pelos seguintes dispositivos metodológicos: imersão no cotidiano escolar, conversas, diário de pesquisa e narrativas escritas. Participaram da pesquisa três professoras iniciantes que possuem formação em Pedagogia e atuam no 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental em duas escolas da rede pública municipal de Caxias-MA. Para o processo de compreensão e interpretação das narrativas foi invocada a hermenêutica da narratividade e temporalidade em Paul Ricoeur. O desenvolvimento do trabalho indica que os processos de socialização da experiência no cotidiano escolar pelas professoras iniciantes acontecem por meio de “ocupações” exercidas em contratos precários para desenvolvimento de atividades didáticas e pedagógicas com as turmas, no tempo do trabalho extraclasse das professoras efetivas. Assim, as narrativas da experiência de início de carreira das professoras iniciantes apontam, ao mesmo tempo, para aprendizagens importantes na consolidação do campo profissional e, paradoxalmente, para aspectos de desprofissionalização do magistério das docentes em sua inserção no cotidiano institucional das escolas.
A atualização da skholé e a escola contra a socialização
Authors: Petry Cleriston
Published: December 2021

Argumento, no presente artigo, sobre a relação entre socialização e educação, considerando a primeira como “processos de introdução na sociedade” e a segunda como a “introdução das novas gerações no mundo”. O problema que orientou a investigação a refere-se à existência ou não de incompatibilidade entre ambos os objetivos, se é razoável “socializar” considerando a “sociedade” em que as crianças e jovens são inseridos e se a “socialização” contribui ou não para a realização da skholé, caracterizada como “tempo livre” distinto do “tempo produtivo” da sociedade. Neste sentido, defendi que a skholé só é possível quando a “socialização” não é a tarefa central da escola (porque a “socialização” desescolariza a escola) e nem a educação reduzida à “socialização”. A atualização da skholé e sua institucionalização escolar é fundamental para a introdução das “novas gerações” no “mundo” e, talvez, a única oportunidade que os seres humanos terão, nas condições atuais, de experenciar o “tempo livre” que suspende as injunções da família, da sociedade (economia, trabalho, divertimento, lazer, descanso, aprendizagem) e da política.
Resolução de algoritmos e de problemas de adição e subtração: uma análise de estratégias utilizadas por estudantes com diagnóstico ou prognóstico de discalculia
Authors: Machado de Lara Isabel Cristina , Cardoso José Ricardo Barbosa
Published: December 2021

Este artigo apresenta parte dos resultados de uma pesquisa de Mestrado desenvolvida com cinco estudantes que apresentam o diagnóstico ou prognóstico de Discalculia do Desenvolvimento. O objetivo é analisar as estratégias utilizadas pelos participantes para resolver problemas convencionais, comparando-as com as utilizadas para resolver algoritmos. Para tanto os participantes realizaram testes padronizados, dos quais foram selecionados, para este estudo os resultados dos algoritmos e problemas de adição e subtração. Para análise dos dados coletados optou-se pela Análise Textual Discursiva. Evidencia que para resolução de algoritmos as únicas estratégias utilizadas são o cálculo mental e o uso dos dedos. Em relação à resolução de problemas convencionais do tipo padrão, a estratégia mais utilizada foi o uso de algoritmos, e em seguida, novamente o cálculo mental e o uso dos dedos. Mostra que os estudantes, embora possuam diagnóstico ou prognóstico de Discalculia Operacional apresente um número maior de erros na execução dos algoritmos de subtração. Contudo, o desempenho na resolução de problemas é satisfatório, apontando que a compreensão do conceito de adição e subtração, portanto a Discalculia Ideognóstica, não está vinculada ao treinamento do algoritmo.