bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MAL-ESTAR DOCENTE EM PROFESSORES DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA ESCOLAR: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA ENTRE 2017 E 2022
Authors: Lima Magalhães Rafael de , Dos Santos Andrade Laura Giovana , Schultz Wittizorecki Elisandro
Published: March 2024

A investigação sobre o mal-estar docente é um tema discutido há anos. Desse modo, a presente revisão sistemática da literatura tem como objetivo mapear o que se produziu sobre o mal-estar docente nos trabalhadores de Educação Física nos ambientes escolares. Ao longo do texto, nos propomos a realizar um compilado de trabalhos científicos alusivos ao tema, bem como identificação de métodos e instrumentos utilizados para compreender o mal-estar experimentado por professores de educação física da educação básica. Foi realizado uma busca na base de dados Google Acadêmico e identificados 702 artigos, publicados entre os anos de 2017 e 2022. Os estudos apontaram que as causas de manifestações de mal-estar docente são multifatoriais, principalmente causadas pelas condições de trabalho e desvalorização profissional. Como principais sugestões para melhoria dessa manifestação, é necessário investir na formação continuada dos professores, bem como investimentos de políticas públicas para valorização do professor e das escolas.
VIDAS PRECÁRIAS: A IMPOSIÇÃO DA IDEOLOGIA NEOLIBERAL E DA NECROPOLÍTICA NUM TEMPO SEM FUTURO
Authors: Rilton Ferreira Borges Rilton , Diwan Pietra
Published: March 2024

Nas últimas décadas temos vivido um processo de aceleração das transformações tecnológicas, que implicam em transformações sociais, econômicas e na própria percepção da passagem do tempo por parte dos indivíduos. Essa nova percepção, que identificamos como presente expandido ou tempo sem futuro, tem como característica uma exacerbação da experiência do presente em detrimento das noções de passado e de futuro, sendo diretamente influenciada pelo pensamento neoliberal. Com a pandemia de COVID-19, essa percepção de um presente expandido ficou ainda mais evidente. Usando o trabalho de Michel Foucault como referência, este texto busca analisar, a partir de experiências no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos, como os recentes governos conservadores e de direita atuaram nesse contexto pandêmico e de tempo sem futuro para construir relações de poder baseadas em uma forma neoliberal de lidar com a informação e com a vida.
Corporate Social Responsibility: Qualitative and Quantitative Content Analysis Study
Authors: Setiawan Temy , Sugianto Marshelli , Dahlan Kandi Safia Senastri , Purwanti Ari
Published: March 2024

In the midst of a growing legitimacy gap, CSR disclosure is becoming increasingly important. Comprehensive CSR disclosures, especially in the mining industry sector, are expected to demonstrate accountability and transparency to stakeholders. This study seeks to develop indicators of CSR disclosure that are commonly used by mining sector companies with a cross reference method from various research articles and adapted to the GRI standard. There are 24 main indicators obtained after developing indicators. Furthermore, these indicators are used in content analysis techniques to measure CSR disclosure. The results of this study indicate that companies in the mining industry sector still tend to use quantitative disclosures and disclosures on material aspects that focus on only a few indicators. This research contributes to the development of indicators and mapping of disclosures commonly made by mining sector companies that are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2017 â€“ 2019.
La educación física en las políticas educativas de las últimas décadas en Uruguay. Continuidades y rupturas entre lo progresista y lo conservador
Authors: Dogliotti Paola , Páez Silvina
Published: March 2024

El artículo aborda las principales continuidades y rupturas entre la era progresista y conservadora en las políticas educativas en el campo de la educación física en Uruguay (2005-2021). Desde cierta afectación del análisis de discurso de Pêcheux (1990) se seleccionó un corpus documental compuesto por leyes y decretos, planes y programas de estudio, y marcos curriculares nacionales. En la era progresista se impulsó la ampliación del acceso público a la educación física quien ocupó un papel clave en los programas de inclusión educativa y mostró gran potencialidad para la revalorización del trabajo en territorio y el abordaje intersectorial e interinstitucional. Se promovieron procesos de participación docente para llevar adelante esos cambios. Estas dimensiones fueron reducidas en el actual proyecto educativo conservador a partir del recorte del gasto público, la eliminación de algunos roles con énfasis en lo territorial y de cambios en los modos de participación. Si bien la incorporación del discurso de las competencias y de las habilidades socioemocionales se inició al final de la era progresista, en el actual gobierno adquiere mayor fuerza y este último se lo utiliza para fundamentar la educación física.
Book review of: Münch, Sybille; Siede, Anna (eds.) (2022): Precarious Housing in Europe: A Critical Guide.
Authors: Listerborn Carina
Published: March 2024

Buchrezension
ScienceBenchmark: A Complex Real-World Benchmark for Evaluating Natural Language to SQL Systems
Authors: Zhang Yi , Deriu Jan , Katsogiannis-Meimarakis George , Kosten Catherine , Koutrika Georgia , Stockinger Kurt
Published: March 2024

Natural Language to SQL systems (NL-to-SQL) have recently shown improved accuracy (exceeding 80%) for natural language to SQL query translation due to the emergence of transformer-based language models, and the popularity of the Spider benchmark. However, Spider mainly contains simple databases with few tables, columns, and entries, which do not reflect a realistic setting. Moreover, complex real-world databases with domain-specific content have little to no training data available in the form of NL/SQL-pairs leading to poor performance of existing NL-to-SQL systems.

In this paper, we introduce
ScienceBenchmark
, a new complex NL-to-SQL benchmark for three real-world, highly domain-specific databases. For this new benchmark, SQL experts and domain experts created high-quality NL/SQL-pairs for each domain. To garner more data, we extended the small amount of human-generated data with synthetic data generated using GPT-3. We show that our benchmark is highly challenging, as the top performing systems on Spider achieve a very low performance on our benchmark. Thus, the challenge is many-fold: creating NL-to-SQL systems for highly complex domains with a small amount of hand-made training data augmented with synthetic data. To our knowledge,
ScienceBenchmark
is the first NL-to-SQL benchmark designed with complex real-world scientific databases, containing challenging training and test data carefully validated by domain experts.
Observatory: Characterizing Embeddings of Relational Tables
Authors: Cong Tianji , Hulsebos Madelon , Sun Zhenjie , Groth Paul , Jagadish H. V.
Published: March 2024

Language models and specialized table embedding models have recently demonstrated strong performance on many tasks over tabular data. Researchers and practitioners are keen to leverage these models in many new application contexts; but limited understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of these models, and the table representations they generate, makes the process of finding a suitable model for a given task reliant on trial and error. There is an urgent need to gain a comprehensive understanding of these models to minimize inefficiency and failures in downstream usage.

To address this need, we propose Observatory, a formal framework to systematically analyze embedding representations of relational tables. Motivated both by invariants of the relational data model and by statistical considerations regarding data distributions, we define eight primitive properties, and corresponding measures to quantitatively characterize table embeddings for these properties. Based on these properties, we define an extensible framework to evaluate language and table embedding models. We collect and synthesize a suite of datasets and use Observatory to analyze nine such models. Our analysis provides insights into the strengths and weaknesses of learned representations over tables. We find, for example, that some models are sensitive to table structure such as column order, that functional dependencies are rarely reflected in embeddings, and that specialized table embedding models have relatively lower sample fidelity. Such insights help researchers and practitioners better anticipate model behaviors and select appropriate models for their downstream tasks, while guiding researchers in the development of new models.
The Fiscal Multiplier of Public Investment: The Role of Corporate Balance Sheet
Authors: Espinoza Raphael , Gamboa-Arbelaez Juliana , Sy Mouhamadou
Published: March 2024

This paper explores whether public investment crowds out or crowds in private investment. To this aim, we build a database of about half a million firms from 49 countries. We find that the effect of public investment on corporate investment depends on leverage, liquidity constraint, and firm’s operating (labor) efficiency. In line with theory, public investment boosts private investment for firms with low leverage, but not for firms with high leverage, for firms that are financially constrained or that have low operating efficiency.
The stability of 65 biochemistry analytes in plasma, serum, and whole blood
Authors: Zhou Janet , Fabros Anselmo , Lam Sarah Jane , Coro Anna , Selvaratnam Rajeevan , Brinc Davor , Di Meo Ashley
Published: March 2024

Objectives

The pre-analytical stability of various biochemical analytes requires careful consideration, as it can lead to the release of erroneous laboratory results. There is currently significant variability in the literature regarding the pre-analytical stability of various analytes. The aim of this study was to determine the pre-analytical stability of 65 analytes in whole blood, serum and plasma using a standardized approach.

Methods

Blood samples were collected from 30 healthy volunteers (10 volunteers per analyte) into five vacutainers; either SST, Li-heparin, K2-EDTA, or Na-fluoride/K-oxalate. Several conditions were tested, including delayed centrifugation with storage of whole blood at room temperature (RT) for 8 h, delayed centrifugation with storage of whole blood at RT or 4 °C for 24 h, and immediate centrifugation with storage of plasma or serum at RT for 24 h. Percent deviation (% PD) from baseline was calculated for each analyte and compared to the maximum permissible instability (MPI) derived from intra- and inter-individual biological variation.

Results

The majority of the analytes evaluated remained stable across all vacutainer types, temperatures, and timepoints tested. Glucose, potassium, and aspartate aminotransferase, among others, were significantly impacted by delayed centrifugation, having been found to be unstable in whole blood specimens stored at room temperature for 8 h.

Conclusions

The data presented provides insight into the pre-analytical variables that impact the stability of routine biochemical analytes. This study may help to reduce the frequency of erroneous laboratory results released due to exceeded stability and reduce unnecessary repeat phlebotomy for analytes that remain stable despite delayed processing.
School Fees and Vouchers when Quality of Education Matters
Authors: Balestrino Alessandro , Grazzini Lisa , Luporini Annalisa
Published: March 2024

The aim of this paper is to analyse the role that quantity and quality of education may play in the design of public policies. In our model, educated people enjoy a premium on their incomes, and education generates a positive externality for the society. Households live in two areas with different socio-economic characteristics. Altruistic parents choose both the amount and the quality of schooling they want for their children, ignoring the external effect. The latter is, instead, taken into account by the government, which is assumed to provide a composite education service that has a quantity as well as a quality dimension, and is financed mainly via taxes on the income of the parents. We investigate the effects on welfare of balanced-budget policy reforms aimed at introducing or raising i) school fees, and ii) vouchers meant to compensate the costs of attending high-quality schools. We show that, if the external effects are not considered, school fees improve private parental welfare while vouchers do not. Parental altruism is not enough to support high levels of quantity and quality of education. The consideration of social welfare, i.e. inclusive of the impact of the externality, somewhat mitigates the above results, by favouring lower (albeit positive) fees and allowing vouchers to increase social welfare under some circumstances.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Illicium verum extract: Optimization and characterization for biomedical applications
Authors: Velmurugan Palanivel , Muruganandham Moorthy , Sivasubramanian Kanagasabapathy , Mohanavel Vinayagam , Chinnathambi Arunachalam , Alharbi Sulaiman Ali , Basavegowda Nagaraj
Published: March 2024

The synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles is currently experiencing substantial development and considerable attention. Plant extracts are commonly used for the biological synthesis of nanoparticles because they contain biologically active constituents. In our present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using an aqueous Illicium verum (Star anise) extract to evaluate their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity activities. For maximum yields of AgNPs, the extract (2.5 ml), silver ions (500 µM), and pH (8) were shown to be the ideal nanoparticle production parameters. The visual colour shifted from pale brown to dark brown when the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer was used to validate the synthesis of AgNPs. A transmission electron microscope was utilized to evaluate nanoparticles’ physical nature. The presence of silver metal with face-centred cubic symmetry was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to identify the functional groups in charge of reducing silver ions (Ag+) and the stability of AgNPs produced using the I. verum aqueous extract. The agar well diffusion method investigated the antibacterial activity of I. verum silver nanoparticles (Iv-AgNPs) against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. At higher doses (100 µg·mL−1), the highest zone of inhibition was observed, and spherical AgNPs demonstrated the antibacterial activity. The I. verum extract and Iv-AgNPs enhanced (70%) their free radical scavenging activity at 500 µg·mL−1 according to the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of Iv-AgNPs against the HCT-116 human colon cancer cell line indicated cell inhibition in a dose-dependent manner. Ultimately, the findings of this study indicate that techniques used to produce AgNPs are environmental friendly, cost-effective, harmless, uncomplicated, and can effectively tackle a broad spectrum of medical and nutritional concerns.
The effectiveness of badging systems in engaging, motivating, and incentivizing students in the mastery of nursing licensure materials
Authors: Borines Zarah , Adare-tasiwoopa api Sierra
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Integrating gamification methods into undergraduate nursing programs has prepared students to pass the nursing comprehensive predictor test and the licensure examination.

Literature review

Research demonstrates that the motivational factors of game elements like badging and leaderboards are of great value and utility to student engagement and motivation. The badges symbolize achievement, authority, and belonging, whereas leaderboards rank students based on different levels of course engagement.

Discussion

This paper explores the benefits, challenges, and strategies of incorporating digital badges and leaderboards in the undergraduate program. Immersion courses preparing students for professional practice are usually one of the last didactic courses offered in the undergraduate curriculum, designed to integrate all knowledge gained from the nursing program.

Implications for an international audience

The digital badging system can encourage nurse educators globally to engage, motivate, and power students to achieve professional goals. Furthermore, nursing programs worldwide can benefit from adding digital badges and leaderboards to final semester preparatory courses or any nursing course with the same emphasis.

Conclusions

Digital badges and leaderboards engage and motivate students to integrate knowledge and skills learned in the nursing program and successfully master nurse licensure materials.
Ending 1990s Law and Development Ideas, Paradox of Path Dependence In Economic Planning Institutions Under Covid-19: SA’s Response
Authors: Pooe T. K.
Published: March 2024

This paper argues that the COVID-19 pandemic can and should be understood as a form of creative destruction (Schumpeter’s gale), at a hyper level owing to its biological/medical dimension. Therefore, the critical response to such a hyper force is to rethink how institutions administer Public Policy in South Africa (Path Dependency), most importantly economic development planning institutions and Covid-19 responses, in the form of ‘The Economic Reconstruction and Recovery Plan’. It’s the contention of this paper that the reason why Covid-19 continues to impact the South African government’s economic planning ethos is anchored in its developmental orientation, particularly how constitutional legalism has impaired economic development planning. This could impart be due to the unaddressed influences of the initial waves of Law and Development post-1994. The South African experience with the initial waves of Law and Development were muted owing to the problematic nature of the 1994 transition which sought peace at all costs without necessary addressing substantive economic development reform considerations. Therefore, using the policy experiences of Covid-19 and Lee’s, General Theory of Law and Development, particularly the aspects of Development and State Capacity and Political Will, a revision of the South African Constitution will be called on, principally chapter’s 2 and 6 (Bill of Rights) and (Province).
Intellectual Property and Health Technological Innovations at the time of the Pandemic
Authors: Naim Nadia , Chan Hui Yun
Published: March 2024

Technological innovations at the time of the pandemic and post pandemic is the focus of this paper which examines the relationship between intellectual property (IP), artificial intelligence (AI) and the healthcare sector. Research in this area includes the rapidly growing artificial intelligence industries in the healthcare sector and the impact of intellectual property protection on emerging technologies. Taking an interdisciplinary and diverse perspective, this paper enriches the evolving scope of ethical discourse literature by focusing on intellectual property assets that use AI and regulation that shape the healthcare sector. Considering the gap between law and development theory and practice, this paper bridges academic knowledge in unpacking ethical and governance issues in the intellectual property industry, healthcare law and emerging technologies. Unpacking these issues is important in the law and development context as ethical issues that arise from emerging technologies using AI systems and the responses from policymakers in governing their developments create long-term implications to individuals and populations. Governance responses often vary according to the local contexts, and are dependent on the unique socio-cultural structures, institutional organisations and legal frameworks.
The Impact of the Pandemic on Reproductive Autonomy and Gender Equality: Perspectives from the Sustainable Development Agenda
Authors: Petersen Carole J.
Published: March 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic had mixed effects on reproductive autonomy. While some governments excluded reproductive health care from the category of “essential” services that could be provided during shutdown orders, the pandemic also gave researchers an opportunity to study the efficacy and safety of telemedicine abortion and self-managed abortion. Feminist organizations around the world have also organized to provide cross-border services and far more women now know how to obtain abortion medications. This can be empowering, not only during a public emergency but also when legal rights are suddenly taken away. Unfortunately, for those women who require surgical abortion care, overly strict laws can still lead to tragic outcomes. This is why it is important that human rights treaty bodies and courts are gradually recognizing a right to reproductive autonomy under regional and international human rights law. Hopefully, even conservative governments can be persuaded to provide compassionate exceptions in their laws regulating abortion. A more compassionate approach to the subject of abortion would promote both maternal health and gender equality, helping governments to achieve the ambitious targets in the Sustainable Development Goals.
Changes of serum CA125 and PGE2 before and after high-intensity focused ultrasound combined with GnRH-a in treatment of patients with adenomyosis
Authors: Huang Yan , Zhou Yuzhen , Chen Huixian , Xu Yanyi
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to investigate the changes of serum carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in patients with adenomyosis before and after treatment with high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) combined with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a). One hundred and sixty-five patients with adenomyosis who received HIFU combined with GnRH-a were selected as case group. Sixty-five healthy women who underwent physical examination at the same time were taken as normal control group. At the end of follow-up 6 months after treatment, the case group were divided into effective subgroup and ineffective subgroup according to clinical efficacy. Changes of serum CA125 and PGE2 were analyzed. Serum CA125 and PGE2 levels in the case group were higher than those in the normal control group before treatment (both P < 0.001). Serum CA125 and PGE2 levels in the case group 6 months after treatment were lower than those before treatment (both P < 0.001). There was no difference in serum CA125 and PGE2 levels between effective subgroup and ineffective subgroup before treatment (P = 0.351, 0.284, respectively). Serum CA125 and PGE2 levels in the effective subgroup were lower than those in the ineffective subgroup 6 months after treatment (both P < 0.001). Serum CA125 and PGE2 may be involved in the development of adenomyosis, and their expression levels may be related to the prognosis of patients. Levels of serum CA125 and PGE2 in patients with adenomyosis decrease after treatment with HIFU combined with GnRH-a. The detection of serum CA125 and PGE2 may be used as an index to diagnose adenomyosis and evaluate the therapeutic effect of HIFU combined with GnRH-a.
Stability enhancement of Al2O3, ZnO, and TiO2 binary nanofluids for heat transfer applications
Authors: Memon Ans Ahmed , Kumar Laveet , Memon Abdul Ghafoor , Harijan Khanji , Said Zafar
Published: March 2024

Primary goal of this research is to enhance stability of nanofluids which is vital for maintaining consistent thermophysical properties during various applications. Nanofluid stability is essential for obtaining the uniform thermophysical properties during its application. X-ray diffraction and zeta potential were performed to characterize three nanoparticles, namely TiO2, Al2O3, and ZnO. Experimental work was carried out under several trials to enhance the stability of nanofluids. Initially, deionized water was used as base fluid for stability analysis, but nanoparticles agglomerate within after 5 h. Second, alkaline water was selected as base fluid at different pHs ranging from 7 to 14 to analyze the stability of the nanofluids. Finally, the effect of surfactant addition on the stability of prepared nanofluids was also investigated. Observations revealed that at pH 11, nanoparticles exhibited enhanced stability compared to other pH levels. This stability can be attributed to the high zeta potential, fostering electrostatic repulsion between individual particles. It was concluded from the results that zeta potential increases in cases of (TiO2 + ZnO) and (Al2O3 + ZnO) from −44.2 to −47.8 mV and −42.4 to −44.1 mV with the addition of surfactant, respectively. In the case of (Al2O3 + TiO2), zeta potential decreases slightly from −47.7 to −44.9 mV with the addition of surfactant.
Ndnf interneuron excitability is spared in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome
Authors: Liebergall Sophie , Goldberg Ethan M.
Published: March 2024

Dravet syndrome (DS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by epilepsy, developmental delay/intellectual disability, and features of autism spectrum disorder, caused by heterozygous loss-of-function variants inSCN1Aencoding the voltage-gated sodium channel α subunit Nav1.1. The dominant model of DS pathogenesis is the “interneuron hypothesis,” whereby GABAergic interneurons (INs) express and preferentially rely on Nav1.1-containing sodium channels for action potential generation. This has been shown for three of the major subclasses of cerebral cortex GABAergic INs: those expressing parvalbumin, somatostatin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide. Here, we define the function of a fourth major subclass of INs expressing Neuron-derived neurotrophic factor (Ndnf) in male and female DS (Scn1a+/-) mice. Patch clamp electrophysiological recordings of Ndnf-INs in brain slices fromScn1a+/- mice and wild-type controls reveal normal intrinsic membrane properties, properties of action potential generation and repetitive firing, and synaptic transmission across development. Immunohistochemistry shows that Nav1.1 is strongly expressed at the axon initial segment (AIS) of parvalbumin expressing INs but is absent at the Ndnf-IN AIS.Invivo two-photon calcium imaging demonstrates that Ndnf-INs inScn1a+/-mice are recruited similarly to wild-type controls during arousal. These results suggest that Ndnf-INs are the only major IN subclass that does not prominently rely on Nav1.1 for action potential generation, and thus retain their excitability in DS. Discovery of a major IN subclass with preserved function in theScn1a+/-mouse model adds further complexity to the “interneuron hypothesis” and highlights the importance of considering cell type heterogeneity when investigating mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders.

Significance StatementDravet syndrome is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by epilepsy, developmental impairment, and autism spectrum disorder, due to mutations in the geneSCN1Aencoding the voltage-gated sodium channel subunit Nav1.1. Prior work has demonstrated impaired spike generation across subtypes of GABAergic cerebral cortex inhibitory interneurons in Dravet syndrome mouse models due to prominent expression of Nav1.1 in interneurons vs. excitatory principal cells. Here, we show that a previously unexamined interneuron subtype – neocortical layer 1 interneurons expressing neuron-derived neurotrophic factor (Ndnf) – are unique among interneurons in that they do not express Nav1.1 and exhibit normal electrical excitability in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome. This work highlights the complex cellular and circuit mechanisms underlying pathogenesis of this neurodevelopmental disorder.
The nexus of a regional competitiveness and economic resilience: The evidence-based on V4+4 NUTS 2 regions
Authors: Svoboda Ondrej , Melecky Lukas , Stanickova Michaela
Published: March 2024

Economies have always been prone to economic downturns, industry shocks, currency crises, and the current COVID-19 epidemic crises, destabilising a region’s economic growth trajectory and pattern. By re-establishing economic ties both inside and outside regions, regional economies that have been disturbed by a shock may transition to a new growth trajectory. We examined the idea of competitiveness and resilience in a regional development context to answer why one region is more susceptible to economic shock than others and the competitive advantages and disadvantages of V4+4 countries. This article highlights some of the core characteristics of regional competitiveness and resilience and gives a survey of the notion, main empirical results, and planning tasks concerning regional competitiveness and resilience. The idea of resilience is gaining greatness because of the COVID-19 crisis, and its importance is growing in research and economic policymaking. Ideas like “2020 made us stronger” and “resilience, tenacity, and the ability to bounce back” are obviously alluring during the current crisis. The COVID-19 problem, however, has decreased the main systems’ shock resistance and caused failures to spread from one system to another. Thus, it is necessary to suggest a systems approach focused on resilience to have socio-economic systems ready for potential shocks. The paper’s main topic is resilience-focused tactics, with a focus on the current European Union strategy. The European Union must strengthen its resilience considering the COVID-19 issue and the political agenda that is transition-driven in order to move forward or recover but emerge stronger. If policies are to be effective in the long run, an attitude responding to the systemic causes and impacts of big shocks is required.
Examining climate change awareness and climate-friendly activities of urban residents: A case study in Košice
Authors: Toth Veronika , Sebova Miriam
Published: March 2024

As the impact of climate change begins to be felt all around the world, the vulnerability of urban areas due to their population density, high concentration of economic activities and the altered characteristics of the physical environment is becoming increasingly apparent. As a result, cities will play a crucial role in tackling climate change by fostering mitigation activities and managing and coordinating the adaptation process. Research has shown that engagement and awareness among citizens is vital in the promotion of effective adaptation policies, but studies have also drawn attention to the significance of the so-called “awareness-action gap,” the absence of a direct link between awareness and action. This study contributes to the ongoing debate over the awareness-action nexus by discussing the factors that can affect the adaptation and mitigation activities of urban citizens using the Slovak city of Košice as a case study. Data was collected using a survey conducted with local residents as part of the preparations for the city’s first adaptation strategy on climate change. The paper uses a two-step analysis to investigate the socio-economic, psychological and contextual factors associated with climate change awareness and climate-friendly activities. The results of the standard linear regression model indicate that self-assessed vulnerability is a determining factor in both the level of climate change awareness and the likelihood of individuals to take action. In the second step, we find that the factors which influence engagement in climate-friendly activities differ depending on the costs involved in implementing the activities. The exploratory analysis conducted using a machine learning algorithm suggests that the awareness-action nexus may be non-linear in nature. The main findings of this study imply that communication strategies should place a primary emphasis on individuals’ vulnerability to the negative impacts of climate change. The paper contributes to the existing research by providing a case study of a generally under-researched geographical area of Central Europe. In addition, the analysis provides a specific context of urban area and implications for local policymakers, something that has been lacking the in literature looking primarily at data at the country level.
Exploring the relationship between usage of social networking sites, cyberbullying and academic performance: Evidence from the higher education sector of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Rasool Samma Faiz , Raza Hamid , Zubr Vaclav , Asghar Muhammad Zaheer , Sultana Razia
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the use of social networking sites (SNS), cyberbullying (CB) and academic performance (AP). Firstly, we investigate the direct relationship between the use of social networking sites (Instagram, Facebook and TikTok) and academic performance. Secondly, the relationship between the use of social networking sites (Instagram, Facebook and TikTok) and cyberbullying is explored. Thirdly, linkages between cyberbullying and academic performance are examined. Lastly, the mediating effect of cyberbullying in the relationship between the use of social networking sites and academic performance is tested. In this study, we used quantitative survey analysis. We collect data using the research questionnaire from the graduate and postgraduate students enrolled in the universities located in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling through SmartPLS 3.2.2. The findings demonstrate that in direct relationships, Facebook and TikTok have a significant relationship with academic performance. However, in the direct relationship, Instagram has an insignificant relationship with academic performance. Similarly, the outcomes confirmed that Instagram, Facebook, and TikTok have a significant relationship with cyberbullying. Furthermore, the outcomes indicate that cyberbullying has a negative impact on academic performance. Finally, the results of this study indicate that cyberbullying negatively mediates the relationship between the use of social networking sites and academic performance. At the end of the study, we have toughly discussed the conclusion, limitations and future research directions.
Determinants of the impact of ESG policy and corporate governance on employee rights
Authors: Li Chiao-Ming , Lee Joe-Ming
Published: March 2024

To comply with international development trends in recent years, Taiwanese government agencies have formulated environmental, social, and governance (ESG) legal policies and strengthened publicity for listed firms to prepare sustainability reports. Government agencies are trying to use ESG legal policies to gradually guide firms to take environmental, social, and governance measures and move toward sustainable operations. However, employee rights were easier for firms to ignore in the past, so paying attention to the correlation between employee rights and organizational governance is necessary. This paper aims to analyze the relationship between the organizational governance and employee turnover rate of Taiwanese food firms in the ten years from 2011 to 2021 through a panel regression model. The results show that there is a U-shaped relationship between board size and employee turnover. There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the development of major shareholders’ shareholding and the strength of human resources. The research results show that organizational governance is significantly related to employee turnover. Finally, this paper believes that paying attention to human resources will contribute to the sustainable development of enterprises. Therefore, in terms of organizational governance policies, although government agencies have formulated relevant reference standards, firms should have functions more conducive to developing human resource measures. These functions include utilizing the guiding energy of the board of directors functions, and shareholding structure design, which will further help the stable development of human resources. Firms need high-quality human resources to make breakthroughs in technology or the market. Therefore, when firms cultivate high-quality human resources, they not only rely on employee welfare conditions but consider long-term organizational governance and human resource development as necessary planning conditions. These factors will drive firms to have the ability to break through the status quo, value all stakeholders, and create an attitude toward sustainable business development.
Faktor Risiko Kejadian Stunting pada Balita Usia 24-59 Bulan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Salaman I Kabupaten Magelang
Authors: Mahera Afifah Ayu , Santik Yunita Dyah Puspita
Published: March 2024

Stunting adalah kondisi gagal tumbuh pada anak balita akibat kekurangan gizi kronis, terutama pada 1000 HPK. Berdasarkan Dinkes Kabupaten Magelang, kejadian stunting di Kabupaten Magelang sebesar 37,6%, prevalensi stunting sebesar 15,1%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor risiko stunting pada bayi usia 24-59 bulan di Puskesmas Salaman I. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian observasional analitik kuantitatif dengan desain case control. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah non random sampling dengan metode purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel 108 balita. Faktor risiko stunting adalah pendidikan ibu (p=0.001 OR 3.732 95% CI: 1.676-8.309), pekerjaan ibu (p=0.254), pendapatan keluarga (p=0.000 OR 11.440 95%CI: 4.610-28.389), riwayat ASI eksklusif (p=0.051), riwayat IMD (p=0.057), riwayat makanan pendamping ASI (p=0.06), usia kehamilan saat melahirkan (p=0.002 OR 8.244 95%CI : 1.760-38.607), riwayat bayi lahir rendah berat badan (p=0.000 OR 10.947 95% CI: 2.374-50.472), riwayat anemia saat hamil (p=0.004 OR 3.143 95% CI: 1.431-6.905), status gizi ibu selama hamil (p= 0.000 OR 28.000 95 %CI: 6.187-126.725), riwayat diare balita (p=0.186), dan riwayat ISPA balita (p=0.118). Ada hubungan pendidikan ibu, pendapatan keluarga, usia kehamilan ibu saat melahirkan, riwayat BBLR, riwayat anemia saat hamil, dan status gizi ibu saat hamil dengan kejadian stunting pada balita usia 24-59 bulan di Puskesmas Salaman I Tidak ada hubungan pekerjaan ibu, riwayat ASI eksklusif, riwayat IMD, riwayat MPASI, riwayat diare balita, dan riwayat ISPA balita dengan stunting pada balita usia 24-59 bulan di Puskesmas Salaman I.
Pendidikan dan Pengetahuan Masyarakat terhadap Kesiapsiagaan Bencana Banjir
Authors: Berliani Citra Sinta , Widowati Evi
Published: March 2024

Abstrak

Berdasarkan Data Informasi Bencana Indonesia yang dikeluarkan oleh BNPB kejadian bencana banjir di Indonesia pada tahun 2017 hingga 2021 bersifat fluktuatif. Pada tahun 2021, Provinsi Jawa Tengah menduduki peringkat 1 kejadian banjir tertinggi di Indonesia. Hampir seluruh wilayah kabupaten/kota di Jawa Tengah dilanda banjir tiap tahunnya, Kabupaten Pemalang mendapat peringkat ke 6 kabupaten/kota di Jawa Tengah dengan kejadian banjir tertinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pendidikan dan pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap kesiapsiagaan bencana banjir di Desa Tasikrejo Kabupaten Pemalang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan menggunakan studi analitik observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional dengan metode purposive sampling. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2022 hingga Januari 2023. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan (p=0,001, PR=2,162; 95% CI=1,263-3,701) dan pengetahuan (p=0,000, PR=2,510; 95% CI=1,704-3,698) dengan kesiapsiagaan masyarakat. Simpulan dalam penelitian ini terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan dan pengetahuan masyarakat tehadap kesiapsiagaan bencana banjir di Desa Tasikrejo Kabupaten Pemalang.

Abstract

Based on Indonesian Disaster Information Data released by BNPB, flood disaster events in Indonesia from 2017 to 2021 are fluctuating. In 2021, Central Java Province was ranked 1st highest flood event in Indonesia. Almost all districts/cities in Central Java are flooded every year, Pemalang Regency is ranked 6th district/city in Central Java with the highest flood incidence. This study aims to determine the relationship between the level of education and community knowledge on flood disaster preparedness in Tasikrejo Village, Pemalang Regency. This type of research is quantitative using observational analytical studies with a cross sectional design with purposive sampling methods. This research was conducted from December 2022 to January 2023. The data was analyzed using the chi square test. The results showed a relationship between education level (p = 0.001, PR = 2.162; 95% CI = 1.263-3.701) and knowledge (p = 0.000, PR = 2.510; 95% CI = 1.704-3.698) with community preparedness. The conclusion in this study is that there is a relationship between the level of education and community knowledge regarding flood disaster preparedness in Tasikrejo Village, Pemalang Regency.
Femoral bone defect classifications in revision total hip arthroplasty: a comprehensive review and proposal of a new algorithm of management
Authors: Loppini Mattia , Gambaro Francesco Manlio , di Maio Marco , Grappiolo Guido
Published: March 2024

The number of primary total hip arthroplasties (THAs) and revisions is expected to steadily grow in the future. The femoral revision surgery can be technically demanding whether severe bone defects need to be addressed.

The femoral revision aims to obtain a proper primary stability of the stem with a more proximal fixation as possible. Several authors previously proposed classification systems to describe the morphology of the bony femoral defect and to drive accordingly the surgeon in the revision procedure.

The previous classifications mainly considered cortical and medullary bone at the level of the defect of poor quality by definition. Therefore, the surgical strategies aimed to achieve a distal fixation bypassing the defect or to fill the defect with bone impaction grafting or structured bone grafts up to the replacement of the proximal femur with megaprosthesis.

The consensus on a comprehensive and reliable classification system and management algorithm is still lacking. A new classification system should be developed taking into account the bone quality. The rationale of a new classification is that ‘functional’ residual bone stock could be present at the level of the defect. Therefore, it can be used to achieve a primary (mechanical) and secondary (biological) stability of the implants with a femoral fixation more proximal as possible.
Physicochemical Characterization of Papermaking Fibres
Authors:   SCA Research AB, Box 3054, 850 03 Sundsvall, Sweden, Wágberg Lars , Annergren Göran ,   SCA Research AB, Box 3054, 850 03 Sundsvall, Sweden
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this paper is to present as complete as possible, a picture of our present knowledge about papermaking fibres and their physico-chemical characteristics. The properties of the papermaking fibres are, in most cases, significantly influenced by the morphology of the wood fibres, but, from one and the same kind of wood fibres, paper can be produced with widely different properties as a result of different pulping and papermaking processes. Dissolution of material from the fibre wall and the middle lamella, structural changes of the polymeric material, and mechanical work on the fibrous material (defibration, refining, and to a certain extent undesired mechanical damage to the fibres in the pulp mill machinery) combine to produce the fibre properties required in the papermaking process. Starting from the structure of the wood, a survey is given of the pattern of dissolution of different important pulping processes and the resulting bulk composition of the pulps. Characterisation of papermaking properties should include effects of both bulk and surface of the fibres and for that reason they are both discussed. The bulk composition has been studied for many years and we have a fairly good knowledge of the main features, although there is still a need for more detailed knowledge. The properties of the fibre surface are less known, but they have been the subject of several recent studies. They are therefore dealt with in more detail, particularly the problem of making reliable and relevant measurements. Dissolution of lignin and other components in the pulping process is also important for the chemical composition of the surface. Mechanical removal of the remaining middle lamella and the outer layers of the fibre wall (the primary wall and SI of the secondary wall) substantially change the surface composition and create fines with a large surface area, which may interact with the wet-end chemicals in the paper mill and decrease the over-all effects of these chemicals. Removal of the outer layers will also change the fibre properties as a whole since, for instance, the SI layer restricts outward swelling of the main part of the secondary wall, S2, and preserves fibre rigidity. Swelling of the fibres influences there fining behaviour of a pulp. For lignin-containing pulps, swelling facilitates refining. For bleached pulps with a very low content of residual lignin, the effect of swelling on refining is rather difficult to as will be briefly discussed.
Binders for Paper coating: Starches, Proteins and Latices
Authors: Bergh Nils-Olaf
Published: March 2024

There are many chemicals, both natural and synthetic, which are used for surface application of paper and board. In this overview shall the use of starch and protein be discussed as representatives of products arriving from renewable resources and the use of latex as the representative of products arriving from chemical synthesis. Starch is used for coating of paper both in combination of pigments - coating colours, and for surface application in size press, film press or other application units. As the influence of the starch properties - both from the chemical and from viscosity point of view - is of great importance for the runnability of the machines and the paper quality, will starch quality be discussed to a great extend . The influence of starch quality on the rheological properties of coating colours of the different types of coating colours will thereafter be discussed. Protein and latex are mainly used as binders in coating colours. The influence of the chemical and physical properties of these binders on the pigment - binder interaction and the subsequent paper properties will be discussed as far it is possible from a general point of view.
Some Aspects of Retention Aids
Authors:   STFI, Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Swerin Agne , Ödberg Lars ,   STFI, Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute
Published: March 2024

Fundamental aspects on polymer adsorption and flocculation phenomena are reviewed. Special emphasis is placed on recent developments. Examples are the mode of action of microparticle retention aid systems and of retention systems based on polyethylene oxide/phenolic resin. Fibre flocculation and the strength of fibrous networks are affected by retention aids and this is discussed in,connection with investigations on retention and formation in the laboratory and on pilot-scale paper machines.
Transverse Dimensions of Wood Pulp Fibres and Their Implications for End Use
Authors:   Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada, Seth R.S. , Jang H.F. ,   Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada, Chan B.K. ,   Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada, Wu C.B. ,   Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada
Published: March 2024

The transverse dimensions of pulp fibres influence strongly their response to the papermaking process, and most end-use properties of products. However, fibre transverse dimensions are difficult to measure. Confocal microscopy combined with image analysis has been used for rapid and accurate measurement of fibre wall cross-sectional area,perimeter, and thickness. Results on kraft pulp fibres obtained from a variety of wood species are presented. They demonstrate how fibre transverse dimensions are distributed within a species, and can be described analytically. Comparison between different species shows that species with coarse or thick-walled fibres are likely to be more heterogeneous. Implications for pulp quality and fibre selection for end-use requirements are discussed.