bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Adlerian Group Counseling Approach on Mother's Distress and Self-care During Pregnancy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors:   Instructor, Departmet of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran., Gholami Anoosheh , Tourzani Zahra Mehdizadeh ,   Instructor, Departmet of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran., Kabir Kourosh ,   Associate Professor, Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran., Yazdkhasti Mansoureh ,   Assistant Professor, Departmet of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Distress is the most perceived behavioral state manifested by pregnant women and can directly or indirectly increase the risk of experiencing prenatal complications. Objective: The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the Adlerian group counseling approach on a mother's distress and self-care during pregnancy. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 79 eligible pregnant women referred to seven community health centers in Karaj City, Iran, from March 2018 to December 2019. The eligible women were assigned to the intervention (n=40) and control (n=39) groups using the block randomization method. The intervention group (gestational age of 22-32 weeks) received the Adlerian group counseling approach, while the control group received routine individual counseling. The study data were collected using the quality of prenatal self-care questionnaire and prenatal distress questionnaire at three time points; baseline, after, and one month after the intervention or routine counseling. The study data were analyzed by the Chi-squared test, Fisher exact test, and independent t test, as well as repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: The mean ± SD ages of the intervention and the control groups were 23.39±2.85 and 23.39±2.85 years, respectively. After the intervention, the results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed a statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups regarding the changes in the mean scores of prenatal distresses (P=0.0001) and four domains (physical health, behavioral assessment, healthy relationships, and social health) of self-care (P=0.0001). Conclusion: The Adlerian group counseling approach effectively improved prenatal distress and self-care during pregnancy.
Factors Associated with Medication Adherence in Coronary Artery Patients
Authors:   Nursing (MSc), school of nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Mashouf Rad Shiva , Taghi Moghadamnia Mohammad ,   Associate Professor, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Kazemnezhad Leili Ehsan ,   Associate Professor, Department of Biostatistics, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Javadi Pashaki Nazila ,   Associate Professor, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Medication adherence plays an important role in preventing the worsening of cardiovascular disease. Some factors associated with medication adherence are still unknown. Objective: This study aimed to determine the factors related to medication adherence in patients with coronary artery disease. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was performed on 367 cardiovascular patients by consecutive sampling. The patients were referred to the specialized cardiology clinic in Rasht City, Iran, from January 2019 to June 2020. A data collection form and questionnaires of cardiac anxiety, anxiety depression and stress, and medication adherence were used. The obtained data were analyzed by the Chi-square test, Fisher exact test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Mann-Whitney U test, and logistic regression model. The significance level was considered less than 0.05. Results: Most samples were men (61.85%). The mean ± SD age of the samples was 59.9 ± 10.9 years. About 20.7% had high adherence, and 78.75% had moderate adherence. Factors related to medication adherence included employment or being retired (OR=4.0, 95%CI; 1-16.6, P=0.054), income level (OR= 5.1, 95%CI; 1.6-16.6, P=0.007), supplemental insurance (OR= 0.217, 95%CI; 0.07-0.66, P=0.007), living alone (OR= 10.187, 95%CI;1.980-52.404, P=0.005), living with spouse and children (OR= 3.776, 95%CI; 1.580-9.023, P=0.054), history of hyperlipidemia (OR= 3.2, 95%CI; 1.2-8.4, P=0.019), history of stent implantation (OR= 2.9 95%CI; 1.2-7, P=0.016), depression (OR=0.74, 95%CI; 0.66-0.83, P=0.0001), anxiety (OR= 1.3, 95%CI; 1.1-1.4, P=0.0001), avoidance (OR=0.69, 95%CI; 0.56-0.86, P=0.0001), attention (OR= 1.5, 95%CI; 1.2-1.8, P=0.0001), and medication complexity (OR= 2.7, 95%CI; 1-6.8, P=0.04). Conclusion: According to the identified related factors, it may be possible to decline anxiety and depression symptoms by improving the related factors and follow-up of care programs. As a result, cardiovascular patients are helped by preventing readmission, cardiac event, and mortality.
Using Medicinal Plants among Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases and Their Related Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors:   PhD Candidate, Nursing Care Research Center (NCRC), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Gholami Mostafa , Tagharrobi Zahra ,   Assistant professor, Trauma Nursing Research Centre, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran, Sharifi Khadijeh ,   Associate professor, Trauma Nursing Research Centre, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran, Sooki Zahra ,   Assistant professor, Trauma Nursing Research Centre, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
Published: October 2022

Introduction: The use of medicinal plants (MP) is increasing among the general population and patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Simultaneous use of MP and cardiac medications can cause drug interactions and serious complications. Objective: This study aimed to determine the frequency of MP use and its related factors among patients with CVD. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 patients with CVD in 2018. The patients were consecutively recruited from the cardiac care clinic in an Educational and Medical Center in Kashan City, Iran. The study data were collected using an MP use questionnaire, the related factors of the MP use questionnaire, and the belief and attitudes about herbal medicine inventory. For data analysis, the logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: The mean ± SD age of the participants was 56.91±10.64 years. Their mean ± SD time passed from CVD diagnosis was 8.30±9.07 years. The frequency of MP use over the past year was 90.5% (95% CI; 86.4%–94.6%). The significant related factors of MP use were female gender (OR = 4.80, 95% CI; 1.43–16.1, P = 0.011), positive family history of MP use (OR = 8.84, 95% CI; 2.62–29.86, P = 0.0001), and knowledge about herbal medicine (OR = 1.93, 95% CI; 1.13–3.30, P = 0.017). Conclusion: MP use is highly prevalent among patients with CVD. MP-related counseling services should be provided to patients with CVD.
The Relationship of Childbirth Experience with Mother-Infant Bonding and Child's Growth and Development
Authors:   Students' Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz, Iran., Azarkish Maryam , Malakouti Jamileh ,   Instructor, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, Mirghafourvand Mojgan ,   Professor, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Published: October 2022

Introduction: The negative experience of childbirth has many consequences for the mother and the baby. This study analyzed the relationship of childbirth experience with mother-infant bonding and the child's growth and development. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the participants were 216 eligible women selected from all health centers in Zanjan City, Iran (36 health centers), using the census method. Data collection tools were as follows: childbirth experience questionnaire 2.0, postpartum bonding questionnaire, anthropometric indices checklist, and developmental age and stages questionnaire. The Pearson correlation test was used to determine the relationship of variables in univariate analysis, and a general linear model was used in the multivariate analysis. Results: The mean ± SD of the participants was 29.0 ± 5.7 years. Less than half of the studied women (40.3%) had a diploma, and most wanted pregnancy (94.9%). The mean ± SD scores of the childbirth experience and postpartum bondings were 2.6 ± 0.5 (score range: 1-4) and 6.6 ± 2.7 (score range: 0-125), respectively. Regarding child development, the highest mean score was in the domain of problem-solving (56.8 ± 5.7), and the lowest was in the domain of communication (50.1 ± 8.3). The results of the Pearson correlation test showed that the childbirth experience had a significant inverse correlation with the mother-infant bonding (r = -0.23, P = 0.001) and a significant direct correlation with fine motions (r = 0.18, P = 0.007). The results of the general linear model after adjusting the socio-demographic and obstetrics characteristics showed that the postpartum bonding score was lower in women with a more positive childbirth experience, which was also an indication of a better bonding (B= -2.92, 95% CI; -4.85 to -0.98, P = 0.003). Besides, the fine motor score was higher in women with a positive childbirth experience (B= 3.11, 95% CI: 0.733-5.487, P = 0.011). Conclusion: Considering the correlation between the variables of childbirth experience and mother-infant bonding and child development in the domain of ​​fine motor, health providers must do their best to create positive childbirth experiences for the women to improve the mother-infant bonding and child development domains.
Comparing the Dimensions of Executive Functions in Monolingual and Bilingual Children
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran., Abdolmohammadi Karim , Malek Ayyoub ,   Research Center of Psychiatry and Bahavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Ghadiri Sourman Abadi Farhad ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran., Ebrahimzadeh Khoshdavi ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Published: October 2022

Objective: This study aimed to compare the executive functions of bilingual and monolingual children. Methods: We recruited 200 children, all under 5 years old, who participated in a cross-sectional study. These participants were separated into two groups based on their enrollment in a second language program. Group one consisted of children enrolled in a second language program (Mean±SD age: 9.86±2.69). Group two consisted of children who did not enroll in any second language program (Mean±SD age: 9.63±3.21). Participants’ executive functioning was assessed using the behavior rating inventory of executive function. The demographics and the socioeconomic status of all participants have been collected via parental reports. Results: Bilingual children scored higher in the components of inhibition, shift of attention, emotional control, initiation, working memory, strategic planning, organization of materials, and monitoring. Also, their total score was higher compared to monolingual children. Conclusion: Early exposure to a second language program during childhood enhances executive functions.
Relationship Between Hardiness and Stress of COVID-19 Through the Mediating Role of Mindfulness in Iranian Students
Authors:   Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran., Nooripour Roghieh , Hosseinian Simin ,   Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran., Farmani Fardin ,   Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran., Abtahi Foroshani Nafiseh ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Khomeini Shahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran., Ghanbari Nikzad ,   Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran., Farkhojasteh Vahideh Sadat ,   Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran., Abdollahi Rashin ,   Department of General Psychology, Amin Police Academy, Tehran, Iran., Ilanloo Hossein ,   Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: October 2022

Objective: Some stressors, such as COVID-19, can cause anxiety and health concerns. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between hardiness and stress of COVID-19 by mediating the role of mindfulness in Iranian students. Methods: We conducted cross-sectional research for this study. Data were gathered from the student populations of 2020-2021, which comprised the statistical population. A convenience sampling method was used to select the participants based on the information obtained from online self-report tools. Students from Iranian universities were asked to participate in an online survey using Internet advertisements, e-mails, forums, social networks, and short message services. Participants were 414 university students. All respondents completed the mindful attention awareness scale, the COVID-19 stress scale, and the personal views survey. We carried out an analysis of the data based on independent t-tests, Pearson correlations, as well as regression tests. Results: It was found that there was a significant correlation between all variables and COVID-19 stress levels. It is worth noting that most of these correlations were in a moderate range. Structural equation modeling showed the overall effects of hardiness on the stress of COVID-19 (β=-0.536, P=0.001), the indirect effects (β=-0.177, P=0.002), and the direct effects of hardiness on the stress of COVID-19 (β=-0.365, P=0.009) were significant. Conclusion: Considering these findings, we have clarified the role of mindfulness in affecting the hardiness and stress of COVID-19 among Iranian students. This study recommends implementing virtual and electronic mindfulness training workshops to reduce the stress associated with COVID-19 and increase psychological hardiness using these tools.
Comparing Hope, Executive Function, and Procrastination in University Students: Implications for a Post-COVID-19 World
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Bojnurd, Bojnurd, Iran., Nesayan Abbas , Asadi Gandomani Roghayeh ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Bojnurd, Bojnurd, Iran., Ring Emer ,   Early Childhood and Teacher Education, Mary Immaculate College, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
Published: October 2022

Objective: The global pandemic has impacted variously on students’ experiences of education globally. At this time, we must continue to isolate the key components contributing to supporting students’ academic performance so that education systems can begin to reduce the impact of this pandemic on children’s lives. Methods: We used the ex post facto research to compare hope, executive functions, and procrastination between students with high and low academic performances. The authors hope to contribute positively to rebuilding our education system as we move to a post-pandemic phase. The statistical population consisted of students with high and low academic performances at the University of Bojnurd, Bojnurd City, Iran, from 2019 to 2020. A total of 85 students were selected as samples using the available sampling method. The research data were collected using the behavior rating inventory of executive function for adults, the procrastination assessment scale for students, and the domain-specific hope scale. Results: The results showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups of students regarding the mean scores of executive functions and academic procrastination. In this regard, the scores of executive functions were reduced, but the academic procrastination in students with low performance was significantly higher than the high-performance students. The group factor predicted a significant amount of variance in the examined components. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the hope variable except for the academic hope subscale. Conclusion: The results have implications for understanding students’ academic performances and the use of interventions that can improve students’ outcomes in the future.
Opinions and Experiences of National Iranian Oil Company Retirees on Psychological Wellbeing: A Grounded Theory Approach
Authors:   Department of Counseling, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Zaheri Abdehvand Zhila , Falsafinejad Mohammad Reza ,   Department of Assessment and Measurement, Faculty of Psychology & Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran., Khodabakhshi-Koolaee Anahita ,   Department of Psychology & Educational Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Khatam University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: October 2022

Objective: Mental health refers to emotional balance and social adjustment, feeling comfortable, the absence of mental illness, the integration of personality, and the knowledge of self and the environment. This study aimed to investigate the opinions and experiences of Iranian Oil Company retirees about psychological wellbeing. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using the grounded theory approach. The participants in this study were 15 retired senior managers of the National Iranian Oil Company in Tehran who were selected through purposive sampling based on the theoretical saturation criterion in 2021. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and were analyzed using Corbin and Strauss method (1998). Results: Data analysis revealed three selective codes, 11 axial codes, and 67 open codes. The selective codes include self-coherence and the balance between life needs and satisfaction with the current situation, contextual factors promoting psychological health in older adults, and the process of achieving psychological health and wellbeing in older adults. Conclusion: The insights from present research can be used for developing and implementing therapeutic and educational models for elders and recognizing retirement concerns. In addition, understanding the opinions and experiences of the psychological wellbeing of elders helps the healthcare system and social welfare professionals to realize the retirees’ psychological needs.
The Relationship Between Irrational Beliefs and the Marital Satisfaction Based on the Mediating Role of the Conflict Resolution Behavior and the Marital Stress
Authors:   Department of General Psychology, Faculty Psychology and Social Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Adibkia Alaleh , Emamipour Susan ,   Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Rehabilitation Sciences and Social Health, Tehran, Iran., Keshavarzi Arshadi Farnaz ,   Department of General Psychology, Faculty Psychology and Social Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Mohammadkhani Parvaneh ,   Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Rehabilitation Sciences and Social Health, Tehran, Iran.
Published: October 2022

Objective: The current study was designed to explain the causal relationship between irrational beliefs and marital satisfaction based on the mediating role of conflict resolution behavior and marital stress. Methods: The research had a descriptive-correlational design, and the study’s statistical population consisted of all married men and women living in Tehran City, Iran, in 2019. Of whom, 933 people were selected based on the available method. The research instruments consisted of the first version of the Jones irrational beliefs questionnaire, the conflict tactics scales (Straus, 1979), the Stockholm female marital stress scale, and the marital satisfaction questionnaire. Results: The present study’s data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results of the present study revealed that all fit indexes of the structural equation modeling analysis supported the goodness fit of the structural model of the collected data (χ2/df=2.82, comparative fit index [CFI]= 0.947, goodness-of-fit index (GFI)=0.946, adjusted goodness-of-fit index [AGFI]= 0.910, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA]=0.072). In the present study, the indirect path coefficient between irrational beliefs and marital satisfaction through conflict behavior (β=-0.071, P<0.05) and the path coefficient of both through marital stress (β=-0.127, P<0.01) was negative and significant, respectively at the levels of 0.05 and 0.01. Conclusion: Both variables of conflict behavior and marital stress negatively and significantly mediated the relationship between irrational beliefs and marital satisfaction.
Reasons for Living for Young Adults-II (RFL-YA-II): Psychometric Properties Among Iranian Students
Authors:   Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran., Ahmadboukani Soliman , Rostami Mohammad ,   Department of Counseling, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
Published: October 2022

Objective: The prevalence and increase of suicidal ideation and attempts among young people and students have been one of the concerns of researchers and mental health care professionals. The present study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Persian version of Reasons for Living for Young Adults-II (RFL-YA-II) in a group of Iranian students. Methods: This study was conducted on a sample of 250 students of Kurdistan University, Iran in the academic year 2021-2022. The instruments used in this study were RFL-YA-II, suicide behaviors questionnaire-revised (SBQ-R), oxford happiness questionnaire-short form (OHQ-SF), beck hopelessness scale (BHS), and ryff scale of psychological wellbeing (RSPWB). Results: The results of confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a four-factor structure of the Persian version of RFL-YA-II, while the goodness of fit indices of the one-factor model were not satisfactory. The factor loads of items related to all four factors ranged from 0.41 to 0.91. The findings also provided evidence for the convergent (0.17 to 0.57) and discriminant (-0.20 to -0.56) validity, and Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranged from 0.86 to 0.91. Conclusion: The Persian version of RFL-YA-II is a valid and reliable tool for assessing the reasons for living in Iranian university samples and it can be used in research and treatment settings.
The Effectiveness of Marriage Enrichment Training of TIME Plan on Improving Marital Intimacy and Women’s Psychological Security
Authors:   Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran., Tavaloli Tahmineh , Kimiaee Seyed Ali ,   Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran., Agha Mohammadian Hamidreza ,   Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
Published: October 2022

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the Training in Marriage Enrichment (TIME) plan on increasing marital intimacy and psychological security of married women. Methods: The present research was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The study subjects (40 married women living in Mashhad City, Iran) were selected for the TIME plan with the available sampling method and according to the criteria for accepting couples. Then, they were randomly allocated to two equal groups. Of these, 20 were in the experimental group and 20 in the control group. The experimental group, along with regular medical care, received TIME plan for 8 weekly sessions of 2 hours (from May up to the end of July 2021) in the Psychology Clinic of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad City, Iran. The control group received only regular medical care in this period. Both groups responded to the Iranian version of the Bagarozzi marital intimacy needs questionnaire, and Maslow’s psychological security-insecurity questionnaire before the intervention (pretest) and immediately after the intervention (posttest). Results: After controlling the subjects’ age and education, the results of the statistical analysis showed a significant effect of the TIME plan on increasing the marital intimacy of women who were in the experimental group compared to the control group (P=0.001). Nevertheless, this plan did not increase women’s psychological security (P>0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this research show the importance and impact of the TIME plan training on increasing women’s marital intimacy, but it does not increase women’s psychological security. Therefore, in marriage counseling and interventions, it is possible to use the educational package of the TIME plan to improve the relationship of couples and increase their intimacy.
Providing a structural model for predicting symptoms of practical obsessive compulsive disorder based on religious adherence: the mediating role of personality function
Authors:   PhD Student, Department of Psychology, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran., Karami Shabnam , Janbozorgi Masoud ,   Professor, Department of Psychology, Research Institute of Hawzah and University (RIHU), Qom, Iran, Aghayousefi Alireza ,   Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran., Namvar Hooman ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran.
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a clinical syndrome, characterized by disturbing and intrusive thoughts, images, or impulses and repetitive behaviors. Aim: This study aimed to present a structural model for predicting the symptoms of obsessivecompulsive disorder based on religious adherence and commitment and to evaluate the mediating role of personality function. Method: This study was a descriptive correlational performed based on structural equation. The statistical population consisted of people referred to clinics in districts 1, 2, 7, 8, 11, and 12 of Tehran, Iran, during 2020-2021. A total of 378 volunteers were considered eligible for the study based on the inclusion criteria. The data collection tools included Hodgson and Rachman’s Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder Questionnaire (1977), Janbozorgi’s Religious Faith Questionnaire (2009) and Personality Function Questionnaire by Janbozorgi & et al (2021). Data analysis was performed in SPSS-28 and LISREL-8.5, using path analysis in AMOS-24, as well as structural equation modeling. Results: The Square of correlations (R2) for obsessive-compulsive disorder was 0.53; therefore, the domains of religious adherence and personality function could explain 53% of variance in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Conclusion: Personality function mediated the relationship between lack of religious adherence or religious ambivalence and obsessive-compulsive disorder positively and mediated the relationship between religious adherence and obsessive-compulsive disorder in a significant and negative way. It is recommended that counseling centers pay attention to the clients' religious adherence and dysfunctional religious beliefs in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Design, validation and reliability of the Autism Spectrum Health and Sexual Behavior Questionnaire (Parent Form)
Authors:   Ph.D. Student, Department of Psychology and Exceptional Children, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, Eftekhari Samira , Rezayi Saeed ,   Associate Professor, Department of Psychology and Exceptional Child Education, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran, Shahriari Ahmadi Mansooreh ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology and Exceptional Child Education, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Sexual health might prevent negative health consequences among children with autism spectrum disorders. Aim: The purpose of the present study was to design a questionnaire for health and sexual behavior of children on the autism spectrum (parent form) and to evaluate its validity and reliability. Method: Research method was descriptive, psychometrics type. The statistical population of the present study was all children with autism spectrum disorder in Tehran who were referred to autism education and rehabilitation centers in 2021-2022, of which 420 (114 girls and 306 boys) were selected by convenience sampling method. The research instrument included a researcher-made Questionnaire on the Health and Sexual Behavior of Children on the Autism Spectrum (parent form). The face and content validity of the scale was obtained using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR), the construct validity of it through exploratory factor analysis, to ensure the reliability of the instrument, Crowbach's alpha coefficient and SPSS-26 were used. Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis using independent varimax rotation presented five independent factors of body awareness (self-care), shame (sexual social function), sexual knowledge and health, sexual function and sexual abuse, which together explained 99.56% of the total variance of the variables. Cronbach's alpha coefficient in the reliability of the five factors of the questionnaire was 0.87, 0.90, 0.85, 0.80, 0.84 and 0.92 for the whole questionnaire, respectively. Conclusion: Due to the desirable behavioral characteristics of the Autism Spectrum Health and Sexual Behavior Questionnaire, this tool can be used for research and clinical applications.
Comparison of the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy based on attachment injuries and eclectic spirituality based schema therapy on hopelessness and mental health of women affected by husband's infidelity
Authors:   Ph.D Student, Department of Psychology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran, Ghaseminejad Rinie Fariba , Golparvar Mohsen ,   Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran, Aghaei Asghar ,   Professor, Department of Psychology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Spousal breach of promise is a factor that undermines the hope and mental health of many women. Aim: This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of emotion-based therapy based on attachment injury and spirituality-based schema therapy on hopelessness and mental health of women affected by the spousal breach of promise. Method: The present research was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population included women affected by the spousal breach of promise in the city of Bandar Abbas in the spring of 2021, and the sample group consisted of 48 people of these women who were purposefully selected and then randomly assigned into two experimental groups and one control group (16 people in each group). The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) were used to collect data. The emotion-based therapy based on attachment injury and the spirituality-based schema therapy was performed in 10 sessions of 90 minutes each. Data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and SPSS-26. Results: The results showed that after controlling the pretest, the effectiveness of treatment in reducing hopelessness (F=4.49, P=0.017) and increasing mental health (F=5.94, P=0.005) was significant. The comparison of groups showed that emotion-based therapy based on attachment injury effectively reduced hopelessness (P=0.014) and spirituality-based schema therapy effectively increased mental health (P=0.004). Conclusion: The effectiveness of emotion-based therapy based on therapeutic attachment injury in reducing hopelessness and the effectiveness of spirituality-based schema therapy on mental health was confirmed in the present study. It is suggested that these two therapies be used to help women affected by the spousal breach of promise.
Lived experiences of adolescents with post-traumatic stress disorder caused by Sarpol-e Zahab earthquake: a phenomenological study
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Counseling, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran, Amani Ahmad , Ghaitasi Jafar ,   MSc, Department of Counseling, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Earthquake is one of the most important natural disasters that in addition to the destructive material effects, it also brings adverse psychological consequences for the victims; one of the most important of them is post-traumatic stress disorder. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the lived experiences of adolescents with post-traumatic stress disorder caused by Sarpol-e Zahab earthquake. Method: The method of the present study was qualitative and with a descriptive phenomenological strategy. The statistical population of the study was adolescents with post-traumatic stress disorder caused by Sarpol-e Zahab earthquake in 2021. The sample consisted of 15 earthquake-stricken adolescents aged 13-19 years old with post-traumatic stress disorder who were selected by purposive sampling. The research tool was in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The obtained data were also analyzed by Colaizzi method. Results: Participants’ citations were recorded, analyzed and coded by Colaizzi method, and finally 83 primary codes (semantic unit), 4 main themes (themes) and 25 sub-themes (categories) were obtained. The main themes included: sudden disruption of life, psychological problems, disorder in communication functions (social / family) and challenges related to spirituality. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that adolescent’s victims of earthquakes experience various crises and problems in different aspects of life such as: mental health, family and social life and spirituality, which need attention, and professional and specialized support.
The effectiveness of emotion regulation training on promoting mental health and rumination of divorce women
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran, Taghvaeinia Ali , Zarei Fatemeh ,   M.A, Department of Psychology, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Divorce is an ancient and social problem in society that the widespread consequences continue long after to this incident. Aim: The present aim this study was to examine the effectiveness of emotion regulation training on promoting mental health and rumination of divorce women. Method: This present research is a simi-experimental plan in which pretest-posttest with the control group has been used. The statistical population of this study is formed of divorced women under the auspices of Kohgiloyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Welfare Organization in 2021. For this purpose a total of 50 women were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned in control and experimental groups. Instruments were Rumination Response Style (RRS) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The experimental group participated in emotion regulation training to 90–minute 10 sessions during the two months. The data were analyzed by SPSS-22 and multivariate covariance. Results: The mean and standard deviation of age were 39.4 and 8.25, respectively. The results showed that after controlling the effects of covariate variables (pretest), effectiveness of emotion regulation training on promoting health and rumination components include somatic symptom of (F=17.45, P>0.01), anxity (F=25.52, P>0.01), social performance (F=26.99, P>0.01), depression (F=15.47, P>0.01), rumination response (F=75.13, P>0.01) and distraction respons (F=34.42, P>0.01) divorce womens were significant. Conclusion: On the basis of the finding of this study it can be conclouded that emotion regulation training could be an effective intervention in enhancing mental health and reducing rumination. Thus, it is suggested that such intervention be used in family counsling and mental health centers.
Psychometric properties and factor structure of the Iranian version of the Social Phobia Inventory (I-SPIN)
Authors:   MA, Department of Psychology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran, Rashtbari Alireza , Soheilipour Arezoo ,   MA, Department of Psychology, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran, Saed Omid ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran, Nazari Elham ,   MA, Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Despite the high prevalence of social anxiety disorder and the necessity of conducting etiological studies, the existing measures of social anxiety lack robust factor structure due to methodological flaws, leading to doubtful results. Aim: The present study is aimed to investigate the factor structure, reliability, and convergent validity of the Iranian version of the Social Phobia Inventory (I-SPIN). Method: This is a cross-sectional, psychometric study. Two large samples (N1=1210, N2=228) have been selected with the convenience sampling method from the student population of the three different universities in Zanjan city (i.e., University of Medical Sciences, Azad, and Payame Noor University) who were studying in those universities from February to July 2020. CAQ-GE, BAI, BDI-II, and IUS-12 were used in the present study. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted using Mplus-7.4 and SPSS-26 was used to perform internal consistency and validity analyses. Results: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the two-factor model best fit the data. Besides, the results indicated that the I-SPIN has a positive and significant correlation with anxiety-related measures (p<0.01) and acceptable internal consistency (α=0.92). Conclusion: Considering the excellent psychometric properties and a robust factor structure of the I-SPIN in an Iranian college student sample, using this measure would improve the accuracy of future studies and help us broaden our knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of this disorder.
Development and validation of individual systemic psychotherapy protocol to ego depletion in individuals with depression
Authors:   PhD Candidate, Department of Clinical Psychology, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran, Eram Samira , Eskandari Hossein ,   Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran, Borjali Ahmad ,   Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran, Asgary Mohammad ,   Associate Professor, Department of Psychometric, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Depression is a significant, growing and prevalent issue, one of the chronic disorders and the leading cause of disability worldwide. Aim: The present study aimed to develop a psychological intervention protocol based on systemic theory in depressed individuals. Method: The research method was qualitative content analysis, and the statistical population included various data sources related to the present concepts and therapies in the field of systemic theory, such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct and …, within 1998 to 2020. The extracted data from these sources were analyzed; an individual systemic psychotherapy protocol was developed based on the obtained results. Then, the content validity of the protocol was determined using the opinions of eight experts in the field of clinical psychology. Sampling in this study was purposeful. The research tool included the written evidence and documents searched in the aforementioned databases, and the data analysis method was Sterling’s content analysis. Results: Therapeutic communication, questions, statements, guidelines, problem identification, problem sequence, types of constraints, and decision matrix, including planning frameworks at different levels, feedback, and feedforward, formed the primary themes of the individual systemic psychotherapy. The content of psychotherapy protocol sessions was adjusted based on the obtained components in 12 weekly sessions. Conclusion: The individual systemic psychotherapy protocol is a comprehensive psychological treatment that includes multiple factors affecting the individual’s system and is valid and efficient. It is recommended to use this protocol for individuals with depression.
Systematic review of the effectiveness of psychological interventions on parent-child interaction improving in children with ADHD
Authors:   Ph.D. Student, Department of Psychology and Education of Children with Special Needs, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran, Rashidi Bahar , Yazdanipour Masoume ,   MSc, Department of Psychology and Education of Children with Special Needs, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran, Abedi Ahmad ,   Associate Professor, Department of Psychology and Education of Children with Special Needs, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran, Faramarzi Salar ,   Associate Professor, Department of Psychology and Education of Children with Special Needs, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Positive parent-child interactions prevent psychological, developmental, emotional and social harm in children. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of psychological interventions on parent-child interactions in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Method: The research method was a systematic review and the statistical population included all national research using the keywords of parent-child interactions, parenting, attention deficit-hyperactivity in databases of, Society of Humanities portal, Jihad University Scientific Information Center, Noor Specialized Journals, Iran Institute of Information Science and Technology and, database of publications of the country. Amongst them, 334 studies were selected using the purposive sampling method, whereas, 11 studies were methodologically acceptable in this study. All of studies were analyzed according to the instructions of PRISMA. Results: The results showed that most of the researches are related to the years 2019-2020. Tehran and Isfahan have the most researches, hence, in recent years, the attention of researchers to the subject of various interventions in the field of parent-child interactions has increased. Moreover, neurofeedback-related interventions (40 sessions) and multidimensional parenting (16 sessions) had the largest shares in terms of intervention sessions. Conclusion: The results indicate the importance of various educational interventions aimed at improving parent-child interactions and their effectiveness in reducing mental stress, behavioral problems and attention problems in children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Therefore, behavioral education programs with parental participation and the use of multidimensional and integrated interventions are the most effective therapies which can be placed at the top of the planning of researchers and therapists in this field.
Effectiveness of educational package based on lateral dominance in visual recognition, visual memory and visual completion of 7-12-year-old children with learning disorders
Authors:   PhD Student, Department of Psychology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, Esmaeili Anvar Sharmin , Ghorban Jahromi Reza ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, Rafieipur Amin ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran, Sabet Mehrdad ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Roodehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rudehen, Iran
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Weakness in visual perception is one of the cases noticed in children with learning disorders, and strengthening this weakness improves their academic performance. Aim: The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the educational package based on lateral dominance in visual recognition, visual memory and visual completion of 7-12-year-old children with learning disorders. Method: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. A total of 30 children (18 female and 12 male subjects) from elementary school children diagnosed with learning disorders in the psychological clinics of Tehran, Iran, in 2020 were conveniently and voluntarily selected and then randomly assigned to two experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The Edinburg Handedness Inventory (1970), Delacato’s Neurodevelopmental Table (1997) and Gardner’s Visual Perception Test (1982) were used to collect the data. The SPSS-25, descriptive-inferential indices, univariate analysis of covariance and multivariate analysis of covariance were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that the educational package based on lateral dominance affected the visual recognition (P<0.01, F=31.38) and visual memory (P<0.1, F=14.68) components of children with learning disorders in the experimental group and did not affect the visual completion component. Conclusion: Lateral dominance exercises help students perform better in visual perception. Therefore, it is suggested to include lateral dominance exercises in the treatment program for children with learning disorders to improve their visual perception.