bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Argumenty z autorytetu a krytyczne myślenie. W nawiązaniu do „Logiki i argumentacji” Andrzeja Kisielewicza
Authors: Kotowski Mateusz
Published: March 2020

Arguments from authority and critical thinking. Side notes toLogic and Argumentation by Andrzej KisielewiczThe article focuses on the role of arguments from authority — or, more precisely, arguments from expert opinion – in rational argumentation and reasoning, in the contemporary context of specialisation of the sciences on the one hand, and the abundance of information on the other. The pretext for this is provided by Andrzej Kisielewicz’s new book: Logika i argumentacja. Praktyczny kurs krytycznego myślenia Logic and Argumentation. A Practical Course In Critical Thinking. I point out that, although Kisielewicz’s book is a valuable contribution to the Polish market of textbooks on argumentation, practical logic and critical thinking, it understates the importance of teaching the ways of proper assessment of arguments from authority, credibility of experts and information sources. I argue that arguments from authority should not be by definition dismissed as fallacies; on the contrary, appealing to authority to expert opinion is an unavoidable element of rational argumentation – at least whenever the discussion requires one to refer to contemporary scientific knowledge. However, relying on experts’ opinions involves genuine risks to the rationality of the debate, many of them having to do with the abundance of pseudoexperts and irresponsibility on the side of some scientists an extensive example is provided by the presentation of statements on GMO’s made by a certain Polish body of scientists. Therefore, the ability to distinguish correct appeals to authority from faulty ones including the ability to tell actual experts from pseudoexperst and reliable sources of information from unreliable ones should be considered a crucial competence which critical thinking courses should teach.
Niemarginalne uwagi w sprawie semantycznej teorii poznania Kazimierza Ajdukiewicza
Authors: Olech Adam
Published: March 2020

The nonmarginal remarks concerning Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz’s semantic theory of knowledgeAbstract: The subject of this article are three remarks which were not raised in previous publications concerning the semantic theory of knowledge of Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz. The first one pertains to the contradistinction of two basic questions which are hidden under the name “semantic theory of knowledge”. The second one pertains to the relation, and rather its lack, between Ajdukiewicz’s semantic theory of knowledge and Tarski’s semantic theory of truth. The third one pertains to the relation between Husserl’s intentional theory of language and Ajdukiewicz’s semantic theory of knowledge understood as a metaepistemological project.
Wilhelm Dilthey we Wrocławiu
Authors: Giel Joanna
Published: March 2020

Wilhelm Dilthey in WrocławThe article above discusses 11 years of Wilhelm Dilthey’s creative presence in Wrocław, a philosopher whose contribution to the European culture has been never questioned. Dilthey was appointed to the University of Wrocław in March 1871. Same year in October, he moved to Wrocław, took over the department of philosophy from Christlieb Julius Braniβ and started academic lectures in autumn. Acclimatizing in the Silesian capital was dif ficult for the philosopher, in his letters he complained about the climate and provinciality of the city. It has changed over time, so that Dilthey finally adjusted to the environment. It happened because of numerous connections with the people from the university, among others with Graf Yorck von Wartenburg, but not only. In Dilthey’s biography, years in Wrocław were extremely prolific. In Wrocław Dilthey matured to the work of his life: Introduction to the Human Sciences, called in the subject literature the “crowning of the period in Wrocław”. He presented the concept of his work in a letter, among others, to Theodor Althof f, an of ficial from the Prussian Ministry of Culture. The preserved sketch of the letter is interesting because of its concept, but also because it shows a certain dependence of onetime philosophers on the state system. The article above contains an annex—a translation of this letter into Polish. Dilthey was a lecturer at the University of Wrocław until the end of the summer semester in 1882, after that he was appointed to Berlin in July 1882.
Hermann Cohen i Drugi. Triumf i upadek „czystego rozumu”
Authors: Krasicki Jan
Published: March 2020

Hermann Cohen and the Other: The Triumph and Fall of “Pure Reason”The article poses the question of the contemporary validity and meaning of Hermann Cohen’s philosophical thought. It is argued that in order to understand its phenomenon one has to go beyond the epistemological and methodological perspectives in which Cohen’s work has usually been analyzed and probe into the philosopher’s deepest spiritual and intellectual formation — that of Judaism. The author claims that Cohen, otherwise a celebrated academic scholar, was first of all a rabbi, i.e. a teacher in the Judaist tradition. This is the context in which we can weigh his friendship with young Franz Rosenzweig — it was Rosenzweig who first recognized the revolutionary significance of Cohen’s philosophy of religion and utilized the latter in his seminal work The Star of Redemption Der Stern der Erlosung where he emphasized the late stage of Cohen’s intellectual evolution, especially the one associated with Religion der Vernunft aus den Quellen des Judentums 1919. This book is viewed as essentially a reinterpretation of Kant’s moral theory and philosophy of religion in terms of Judaism and the Bible, which in itself marks Cohen’s departure from critical idealism and his shift towards the dialogic philosophy. In this context one can see Cohen as a teacher of the German nation, someone who could accurately examine the dangers of the Romantic theory of the nation as well as the Romantic especially Fichtean version of Kant’s moral theory, dangers corroborated by 20th-century history. While stressing Cohen’s positive contribution to our understanding of the contemporary world, it should be added that the philosopher’s belief in the liberating potential of “pure reason” was heavily damaged in the face of the totalitarian ideas in modern Europe. It does not mean, however, that his thought has lost its potency. On the contrary, in the age of the crisis of rationality Cohen’s work may be seen as a vital testament. Its effectiveness, though, lies not in the power of “pure reason” but in the power of dialogue and the imperative to love one’s neighbor, a rational and free act which surpasses all religious and speculative constraints. Accordingly, the article concludes by pointing to the timeliness and validity of Cohen’s spiritual and intellectual legacy.
Judaizm wobec ducha natury ludzkiej. Hermanna Cohena ujęcie kultury w perspektywie etyki i antropologii
Authors: Musioł Anna
Published: March 2020

Judaism and the Spirit of Human Nature: Hermann Cohen’s View of Culture in Ethical and Anthropological PerspectiveIn the paper, I argue for Hermann Cohen’s philosophy of Judaism by verifying the thesis, according to Cohen, being an apologist of the distinguished religion system, which perceives the spirit of Judaism in terms of the spirit of the human nature in general. Cohen regrets the fact that the ties between religion and culture have been broken. Asking about the unity of Culture, he openly proclaims the view that one of the most well-known conflicts occurs between science about man and religion/theology as a science about God. This conflict has the status of a dispute pending in the broadly defined area of Culture.
Wrocławski manifest neokantowski Jacoba Freudenthala
Authors: Miodoński Leon
Published: March 2020

Wroclaw’s Neo-Kantian Manifesto of Jacob FreudenthalThe initial part of the article focuses on the presentation of Jacob Freudenthal, his scientific activity and scientific achievements. The central point of the article is the analysis of the solemn speech that Jacob Freudenthal gave in front of the academic community of Wrocław on the hundredth anniversary of Immanuel Kant’s death. This speech — but also his didactic activity popularizing Kantian thought — was important because it gave rise to the relatively late Neo-Kantianism of Wrocław which was developed more extensively — after Freudenthal’s death — thanks to Richard Honigswald. Neo-Kantianism opposed the prevailing Kantian idealism and experimental psychology at the University of Wrocław.
Roma criminality in Slovakia. An introduction to the problem
Authors: Mlýnek Jaromír
Published: March 2020

ROMA CRIMINALITY IN SLOVAKIA. AN INTRODUCTION TO THE PROBLEMThe article concerns the problem of crime related to the Roma minority in Slovakia. The text presents the most important socio-cultural issues that affect the occurrence of crime perpetrated against Roma. It also discusses crime committed by Slovak Gypsies. The paper also comprises photographic documentation.
Философия права в Республике Беларусь: в поисках баланса
Authors: Liapeshka Barys
Published: March 2020

THE PHILOSOPHY OF LAW IN THE BELARUSSIAN REPUBLIC — IN SEARCH OF A BALANCEThe philosophical and legal studies in the Republic of Belarus are analyzed in the article. The point of view that the tradition of studying of philosophy of law in the Western Europe and in the post-Soviet countries differ greatly is expressed and proved. Attention is drawn to the subject matter of philosophy of law and its principles; controversial aspects of this segment of philosophical and legal knowledge are analyzed. The connection between philosophical and legal problems with the objectives of accomplishment of legal culture is presented. Philosophical and legal issues, which are relevant and described in the works of Belarusian and Russian scientists are studied.
Kategorie teoretyczne totalitaryzmu a badania empiryczne
Authors: Bäcker Roman
Published: March 2020

THE THEORETICAL CATEGORIES OF TOTALITARIANISM AND EMPIRICAL RESEARCHWhere can a given political regime be placed at a given moment in the continuum between the ideal type of totalitarianism and authoritarianism? A precise response to the question is possible after we determine the subtypes in the intensity of the various features of the relevance criteria identifying totalitarian regimes: the party and state apparatus its ability to rule effectively, controlled mobilisation of social masses and political gnosis. Depending on the intensity of these features we can distinguish various phases of totalitarianism situated over a continuum between its ideal type and authoritarianism.
Права человека — от эпохи Просвещения до информационного общества
Authors: Zołotar Olha
Published: March 2020

HUMAN RIGHTS — FROM THE ENLIGHTENMENT TO THE INFORMATION SOCIETYThe author of the article analyses the origins of human rights from the Enlightenment period to the information society. First, she points to the establishment and development of the idea by Enlightenment thinkers. Speaking of the historical development of human rights, we have to bear in mind that it is not about the emergence or evolution of human rights as such. Their development is determined by socio-political conditions and spatial-temporal factors.Social transformation leading to the emergence of the information society has shaped awareness of human rights in the sense that information and communication technologies should not be regarded as an end in themselves. Next the author examines the problem of informational exclusion or digital divide as well as the impact of the virtual reality on people’s lives in real society.
Причинный комплекс пропаганды терроризма
Authors: Vasilishyn Valerii
Published: March 2020

CAUSAL COMPLEX OF PROPAGANDA OF TERRORISM The article examines the causes of terrorism and terms of propaganda. It analyzes the main conceptual approaches to the understanding of terrorism and its determin­ation in individual criminal manifestations. The problem of determination of crime is the central problem in criminology, which still has not found a clear scientific solutions because of many objective and subjective factors. Determinism and causality are related, but not identical concepts. Criminological determination is a kind of social determination. A mechanism of determination includes different functions and implications: causes and conditions correlatives. Determinism expresses any conditionality of phenomena, objects, pro­cesses, all kinds of links between them. The reason points to a genetic link of the consequences and a particular cause as the main factors for its occurrence. By analysis of determination of crime criminogenic factors of terrorism propaganda were clarified.It was indicated that these factors determine the causal complex of terrorist propaganda in the form of a three-level pyramid. There were formulated causes and terms of terrorism propaganda, and determined deep, basic and current causes of terrorism propaganda. Within the classification of reasons of the terrorist propaganda were highlighted: the geopolitical, ideological, socio-economic, socio-psychological and organizational factors.
Recenzja: Carl Schmitt i Leo Strauss wobec pozytywizmu prawniczego
Authors: Maciejewski Marek
Published: March 2020

CARL SCHMITT AND LEO STRAUSS ON LEGAL POSITIVISMThe article reviews a  monograph autored by Łukasz Święcicki. The book is devoted to the critiques of legal positivism which were put forward by two German conservative thinkers, i.e. a  lawyer Carl Schmitt and a philosopher Leo Strauss. The said critique is presented on the backround of the accomplishments of Polish scholarly analyses of Germany, with particular attention being paid to the research on German political and legal thought. The author of the article — referencing the contents of Święcicki’s work — discusses the main premises and assumptions of the relevant criticism. While evaluating legal positivism, both Schmitt and Strauss reached similar conclusions even though their personal philosophical positions were vastly different. They both considered the paradigm of legal positivism as an example of modernity in reflection upon law which naturally clashed with the conservative understanding of legal questions.
Totalna negacja inteligencji. Idee Jana Wacława Machajskiego i Michała Bakunina
Authors: Dubel Lech
Published: March 2020

TOTAL NEGATION OF THE INTELLIGENTSIA. IDEAS BY JAN WACŁAW MACHAJSKI AND MICHAŁ BAKUNINThe article begins with a discussion on the main views expressed in the literature concerning the origins, the essence of the intelligentsia and its features. Against that background, it reconstructs a critical understanding of the intelligentsia as a social stratum as expressed by Bakunin and Jan Wacław Machajski. Both were the representatives of the radical, leftist thought of the 19th and the turn of the 19th and 20th century. It is indicated that neither of them defines the intelligentsia in their writings. They commonly use the term intellectual worker, which is quite accurately described.The issue of the intellectual worker and, more broadly, the intelligentsia, is clearly part of the doctrine of Bakunin. It is also important in the thought of Jan Wacław Machajski. They were both representatives of the intelligentsia in the sense of their social status. Both supported the instrumen­tal perception of the intelligentsia as a specific social group. The path of intellectual development and political activity of both writers and political activists, which led them to extreme revolutionary radicalism, was evolutionary. It led through a fascination with different, often conflicting, ideologies at various stages in life, eventually aiming at that radical revolutionary attitude. The political tho­ught in both cases was dynamic and subject to evolution. Both lived in literary and political circles. They considered their intellectual and political activity as a kind of liberation mission aimed at the enslaved society. They expressed similar views concerning the function of the intelligentsia both in terms of its social and political role in exploited and enslaved societies and, above all, its ambiguous place in the future revolution. Bakunin formulated anti-intellectual and anti-intelligentsia proposals, whereas Machajski — mainly anti-intelligentsia ones. The possible thesis about the identity of the anti-intellectualism and anti-intelligentsia seems to be at least questionable. Insofar as Machajski’s concept of the intelligentsia only has a political aspect based on the Marxist phraseology, Bakunin’s previous ideas and his anti-intellectualism have a mainly philosophical, and only then political, dimension. However, ultimately, they both represent the attitude of political nihilism. For both of them the critical characteristics of the intelligentsia generally applies to the revolutionary intelli­gentsia which claims the right to care of the proletarians, yet most often it does so in their own in­terest. Against this background, a conclusion is made that education is a kind of property and hence a source of exploitation, class exploitation, in fact. However, the arguments of both political writers concerning this issue are different, and so are the derived conclusions.
Efektywna demokracja parlamentarna Michela Debré
Authors: Ujazdowski Kazimierz M.
Published: March 2020

EFFECTIVE PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY BY MICHEL DEBRÉIn the 1930s, France epitomized a weakness of parliamentary democracy. Third Republic, that was recognized by many European countries as a model political system, was actually hit by a grave crisis combined with an increase of popularity of authoritarian trends. Undoubtedly, ineffectiveness of the French model of parliamentary democracy contributed to the fall of republican France in 1940. An in-depth and interesting analysis, which may also be recognized as an attempt made to overcome the weaknesses of parliamentary democracy, was put forward by Michel Debré in his writings published in the WWII years. One of the reasons why his draft of a rationalized parlia­mentary system deserves special attention is that this document inspired establishment of the Fifth Republic. Debré offered an exceptional lesson of critical thinking about the political system. This outstanding lawyer was able to correctly identify and effectively eliminate the vices of parliament­ary governments.
Czy islam ma charakter totalitarny?
Authors: Sadowski Mirosław
Published: March 2020

IS THE NATURE OF ISLAM TOTALITARIAN?In the article the author presents selected threads in the debate about analogies between Islam understood as an overwhelming ideology and totalitarianism. In his view, despite many similarities Islam cannot be regarded as atotalitarian system, if totalitarianism denotes the form of political system that emerged in the 20th century. Islam is aunique ideological model and totalitarianism is not its best equivalent. It would be more appropriate to call Islam asystem of total theocracy, in which the power to pronounce judgements is often vested in lawyer theologians independent of the state apparatus.
Hiszpańska podróż Jędrzeja Giertycha
Authors: Kabaciński Dawid
Published: March 2020

JĘDRZEJ GIERTYCH’S SPANISH JOURNEYJędrzej Giertych 1903–1992 was both afamous activist of the National Party as well as a journalist. In 1937 as a war correspondent of „Kurier Poznański”, he went to report on the Spanish Civil War. In this way his famous reports were made. They were published in book Hiszpania bohater­ska Heroic Spain. Nowadays, Giertych can be agood example of asubjective journalist. He was a supporter of general Franco. He wrote to show the readers that Franco was right and the left wing Republicans was evil.
Recenzja: Wiedeński okres w życiu Adolfa Hitlera w ujęciu Brigitte Hamann i Augusta Kubizka
Authors: Maciejewski Marek
Published: March 2020

THE VIENNESE PERIOD IN ADOLF HITLER’S LIFE AS PRESENTED BY BRIGITTE HAMANN AND AUGUST KUBIZEKThe article discusses the literature and the findings concerning the relatively least explored questions concerning Adolf Hitler, namely those of his youth. As the author stresses, just over a dec­ade ago Polish readers interested in the Hitler phenomenon knew much less than they do now. Thanks to several books recently published in Poland they have had a chance to considerably expand their knowledge. The present author points to two figures, Brigitte Hamann and August Kubizek, focusing on the similarities and differences in their approach to this period of Hitler’s life.
Problem demokracji totalitarnej w filozofii politycznej libertarianizmu
Authors: Slenzok Norbert
Published: March 2020

The aim of the paper involves presentation and evaluation of the concept of totalitarian democracy, which is to be found in the works of the libertarian political philosophy proponents: Murray N. Rothbard and Hans-Hermann Hoppe. In the course of our analysis, the author formulates following tenets. Firstly, although libertarian thinkers do not employ the expression „totalitarian democracy” themselves, that notion can be successfully identified in their writings. To Rothbard and Hoppe democracy — including the liberal one — is a totalitarian system by nature. It is supposed to stem from democratic regime’s lust for taking control over all aspects of individual’s life in libertarian terms: all aspects of the use of private property, as well as from the inherent fallacies of liberal safeguards, designed in order to protect democracy from degradation to mere tyranny of majority, such as the rule of law, constitutionalism, and checks and balances principles. Secondly, in author’s judgement, however Rothbard’s and — in particular — Hoppe’s critique of democracy should be considered consistent with libertarian ideals, it appears to a certain extent exaggerated also in their light.
Ruch Narodowo-Socjalistyczny NSB w Niderlandach i jego koncepcja polityki zagranicznej w latach 1931–1945
Authors: Kołek Paweł
Published: March 2020

THE NATIONAL SOCIALIST MOVEMENT NSB IN THE NETHERLANDS AND ITS CONCEPT OF FOREIGN POLICY, 1931–1945The National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands NSB, established in 1931, was the most important collaborating political party in that country during World War II. The movement developed its own concept of foreign policy, which differed from the policy of Nazi Germany. The party aimed at upholding Europe’s dominant position in the world. To achieve that, the European system should be reconstructed and Germany’s leading role within it needed to be acknowledged. Close cooperation of nation-states should form the basis of the continental order. The prospective Dutch national state — “Dietsland” — was to be composed not only of the Dutch people, but also of the Flemish and the Afrikaners. This united country was also supposed to secure its colonial possessions overseas. This concept of foreign policy was maintained during the whole period of the movement’s existence, even though some minor modifications did occur in the meantime.
Game theory and contemporary conflicts
Authors: Spustek Henryk , Dukiewicz Tomasz
Published: March 2020

GAME THEORY AND CONTEMPORARY CONFLICTSThe article presents the application of game theory in the context of civil and military security. Game theory is used to study conflict situations involving more than one decision-maker. Special emphasis was given to the significant role of information in modern military operations. The article contains examples illustrating similarities between civil and military problems.
Polityka gospodarcza III Rzeszy w ujęciu polskich ekonomistów tamtego czasu
Authors: Szymaniec Piotr , Kurowski Lech
Published: March 2020

ECONOMIC POLICY OF THE THIRD REICH PRESENTED BY POLISH ECONOMISTS OF THE 1930S AND 1940SThe aim of this paper is to present Polish pre-war literature on Nazi economic policy and to compare Leopold Caro’s views with analyses of a well-known postwar economist, Paweł Sulmicki, presented in his doctoral thesis of 1946. The comparison of these two interpretations enables the authors to show not only the change of views on the totalitarian economy of Germany, but also the transformations that took place in the Polish theory of economics at that time. In terms of methodology, the work of Leopold Caro published in 1938 did not go beyond what the German historical school offered. Paweł Sulmicki, on the other hand, explained the processes taking place in the German economy from the point of view of the theory of multiplier which was relatively new at that time. Sulmicki did not explicitly state that the phenomena analyzed by him were paradoxes in the light of Keynesian theory, but he described the factors that led to the success of the economic policy at a low level of the multiplier.
Rozprawy Wiesława Kozuba-Ciembroniewicza w „Studiach nad Faszyzmem i Zbrodniami Hitlerowskimi”
Authors: Scheffler Tomasz , Maciejewski Marek
Published: March 2020

SCHOLARLY PAPERS BY WIESŁAW KOZUB-CIEMBRONIEWICZ IN STUDIES ON FASCISM AND NAZI CRIMESProfessor Wiesław Kozub-Ciembroniewicz was one of the most often published authors in the journal Studies on Fascism and Nazi Crimes. Undoubtedly, it was related to the fact that the issues raised by him were new or relatively little known in Polish scholarly thought. The research effort of this Cracow scholar has left a clear mark not only on his direct pupils and successors but also on the vast circle of Polish researchers, especially those with doctrinal and historical-legal inclinations. The Authors believe that the scientific legacy of Professor Kozub-Ciembroniewicz will continue to be an inspiration for successive generations of lawyers, political scientists and historians for many years.
Bezpieczeństwo państwa — czynniki miękkie
Authors: Spustek Henryk , Paluch Alicja
Published: March 2020

NATIONAL SECURITY — SOFT FACTORSThis article is divided into three parts, in the first part it is explained what social capital is, and its role in national security is depicted. In the second part, the problem of the importance of social rules in the construction of social capital is discussed. The third part of the article is the culmination of the analysis and shows the role of soft factors in the process of building national security. The quality of social capital depends on how the society works. It is strongly related to other pillars of state security, including the armed forces. The most important message from the content of this article is the statement: a strong society means a safe state.
Europejska inicjatywa obywatelska — niewykorzystany potencjał w Polsce?
Authors: Daniel Katarzyna
Published: March 2020

THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INITIATIVE — UNTAPPED POTENTIAL IN POLAND?The activity of citizens in the modern world goes far beyond the borders of nation-states. Decisions taken at other levels, e.g. in the European Union, are increasingly affecting the quality of life. The conviction about the imperfection of the functioning of democracy in the European Union was the main reason for starting the debate on the introduction of direct democracy instruments. The discussion on the role of the European Citizens’ Initiative indicated the possibility of increasing the level of participation in political life or building a conscious civil society. The citizens’ initiative was introduced by Article 114 of the Treaty on European Union, followed by the implementation of the European Parliament and Council Regulation on the Citizens’ Initiative of 16 February 2011. The implementation of the European Citizens’ Initiative was seen as an opportunity to increase public acceptance of the process of further European integration. The lapse of seven years since the introduction of this solution seems to be a good opportunity to assess its effectiveness. The article points to the basic theoretical issues related to democracy. Subsequently, the procedure for conducting the European Citizens’ Initiative is characterized. Another issue raised is the awareness of Poles about this issue — based on their own research. In the final part, the conclusions and basic problems in the functioning of this solution of direct democracy in Europe are indicated. These problems include little knowledge and awareness of the existence of European citizens’ initiatives among citizens of the Member States and national institutions. It is far from using its full potential in terms of political solutions. Perhaps there is also a lack of involvement of citizens, or the lack of real influence on the adoption of the project discourages European society. In addition, there are differences in the mentality of the various nations of the Member States and problems related to financing. The mere fact of being able to use such a solution deserves recognition.
Przewrót Machiavellego
Authors: Kimla Piotr
Published: March 2020

MACHIAVELLI’S SUBVERSION The article features a short recapitulation of intellectual achievements in the sphere of politics of Niccolò Machiavelli. On many points he broke with the established way of thinking about politics and steered it in new directions. His revolution was expressed, among other things, in the positioning of politics as a central human activity, in the development of a new methodology for penetrating political matter, in the development of a new perspective on the tasks of political power and on relations between states, in the re-drawing of the relationship between morality and politics, and in an innovative view of the nature of man.
Między demokratyzmem a autorytaryzmem — kształtowanie się programu politycznego PPS przed i po maju 1926 roku
Authors: Kowalski Wawrzyniec
Published: March 2020

BETWEEN DEMOCRATISM AND AUTHORITARIANISM — FORMATION OF THE POLITICAL PROGRAM OF THE POLISH SOCIALIST PARTY BEFORE AND AFTER MAY 1926The article presents the political debate which took place within the Polish Socialist Party after 1905, regarding the selection of real means to achieve its political goals. The Polish Socialist Party in the period of the Second Polish Republic was an evolutionist and democratic organization, standing in opposition to the ideas of an authoritarian state. The party leaders dissented from achieving political program objectives through methods typical of revolutionary radicalism. The authoritarian fascinations of the May 1926 coup d’etat in the long-term did not lead to a re-evaluation of the political program adopted at the moment of independence.
Między ideologią i praxis. Organizacja socjalistyczna w PRL w latach 1956–1981
Authors: Kania Rafał
Published: March 2020

Between ideology and praxis. Socialist organization in the Polish People’s Republic 1956–1981The end of World War II coincided with the beginning of the process of establishing the Polish new order whose references were the political, social and economic solutions of the USRR, while its ideological basis was Marxism interpreted by Lenin and Stalin. The establishment of the new political system in accordance with official ideology required transposing its ideas to the practical ground with practical sciences acting as a bridge between abstract thinking and reality. The subject of the following article is an analysis of the assumptions of the Polish socialist organizational studies and its connection with Marxism-Leninism in the years 1956–1981.
Dekret sierpniowy PKWN z 1944 roku jako instrument legalizacji władzy komunistycznej w Polsce
Authors: Birt Marcin
Published: March 2020

The PKWN August decree of 1944 as an instrument for legalizing the communist authorities in PolandThe aim of this study is to present the key assumptions and practices of the August Decree of 31 August 1944 of the Polish Committee of National Liberation PKWN. It is important to show how the Decree was an instrument for the settlement of Nazi crimes in Poland, and to what extent a tool to defeat the opponents of communist rule in Poland. The most important goal of the work is to show how instrumental treatment of the law served the legitimization of power: unwanted, deprived of broader social support, based solely on the violence and military strength of the Soviet Union. Principles and legal regulations of the Decree will be discussed as well as its practical application in the jurisprudence of special and common courts.
Psychologiczne uwarunkowania aktów dehumanizacji
Authors: Citlak Amadeusz
Published: March 2020

The psychological determinants of acts of dehumanizationThe article discusses the most important sources of various forms of dehumanization and destructive behavior. Modern knowledge and psychological research allow to understand dehumanization as a phenomenon going beyond behavioral acts. The main goal of this article is the presentation of two psychological traditions, that explain violence and social aggression in the light of the individual’s mental dysfunctions, as well as in the light of the dynamics of social processes above all group processes and interpersonal interaction. Presentation of this second research tradition is in my opinion of key importance for understanding the most important and the most serious determinants of dehumanization, although it is systematically underestimated or little known in sociological and political science literature. Identification of relevant sources of dehumanization can contribute to their quicker identification and inhibition.
Daniny publiczne związane z użytkowaniem dróg publicznych i ruchem drogowym w ustroju demokratycznym odrodzonej Polski
Authors: Antonów Dobrosława
Published: March 2020

Public levies connected with the use of public roads and the road traffic in the democratic system of reborn PolandThe article is devoted to public levies connected with the use of public roads and the road traffic in the democratic system of reborn Poland i.e. after regaining independence. Problems connected with public roads first of all financing of building and maintaining the roads as the elements of politics of democratic Poland in range of its economic restoration in the capitalist economic system after many years of annexation are described in the article. During that period the state collected different charges and other levies from participants of the road traffic and other subjects using public roads in different ways e.g. industrial companies located by the roads, which use the roads in other way than normal users, that means they often transport heavy things by big vehicles. Takings from the levies were allocated for building and maintenance of public roads. The most important kinds of levies are shown and discussed in the article. An assessment of the politics of Poland in the field of road infrastructure during the first years after regaining independence is also conducted in the article.
Wpływ wykorzystania dotacji ministerialnych i funduszy unijnych na kształtowanie się zbiorów w bibliotece uczelni niepublicznej na przykładzie biblioteki Wyższej Szkoły Bankowej w Toruniu
Authors: Niedźwiecka-Ambroziak Julita
Published: March 2020

The impact of ministerial grants and EU fundson the library of a non-public higher education institution as seen in the Library of the WSB University of ToruńThe article presents an outline of the legal basis of the operation of non-public higher education institutions and their place in the Polish education system. This is the background for the author’s analysis of the library and information systems of business schools that are part of the TEB SA group. The author focuses on extrabudgetary forms of expanding the library of anon-public univer­sity through the use of ministerial and EU grants. The case study presented in the article is that of the Library of the WSB University of Toruń. The author examines, on the basis of books inventoried in 2011–2016, the volume and percentage share of books acquired thanks to EU funds and ministerial grants. She demonstrates how the Library — which, owing to the business nature of the University, has specialist collections at its disposal — acquires new forms of books e-books in mobi and pdf files, e-book readers, audiobooks etc. as well as educational aids. She presents examples of how extrabudgetary funds can support and complement the main budget of the library of anon-public university in its initiatives aimed at creating amodern facility.
Przyszłość bibliotek i biblioteki przyszłości, czyli trendy kształtujące innowacyjne usługi biblioteczno-informacyjne w bibliotekach akademickich
Authors: Wałek Anna
Published: March 2020

The future of libraries and the libraries of the future — new trends shaping innovative library and information services in academic librariesThe development of libraries and their services depends on technological development, the users’ needs and socioeconomic conditions. Innovative libraries as the pioneers in implementing cutting-edge solutions lead the way in showing the direction of changes. The innovations implemented by libraries are aresponse to global trends, changing needs and users’ expectations. The article presents an overview of factors and phenomena which inspire libraries to use cutting-edge solutions and create new initiatives that will define the roles and responsibilities of the libraries of the future re­garding research libraries, with particular reference to academic libraries. The analyses were based on the research institutions and libraries’ reports which define the trends and recommendations in shaping the structures and tasks of the innovative libraries. The main document of this type is the report prepared by Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT defining the library of the future as an open and interactive library of knowledge which create aglobal network. The analyzed docu­ments describe the research tasks of libraries and highlight the development of research and aca­demic libraries’ responsibilities towards transforming libraries into cultural centres. The documents also emphasize the libraries’ social role not only in the research and academic community, but also at the local and national levels.
Gdy treść i forma idą w parze. O edytorskich i estetycznych walorach czasopisma „Oficyna Poetów” wydawanego w Londynie w latach 1966–1980
Authors: Kaczorowski Jan
Published: March 2020

When the content and form go hand in hand with one another. Aesthetic and editorial value of “Oficyna Poetów” — a magazine published in London between 1966 and 1980“Oficyna Poetów” was aliterary and cultural magazine published in London by Polish-born émigré couple, Krystyna and Czesław Bednarczyk. After World War II they settled in Great Britain, and almost immediately started private printing press. That periodical was one of their biggest projects. “Oficyna…” was one of few magazines published abroad devoted to Polish literature and art. During communism era it was aplace where Polish authors could publish not being afraid of repercussions or censorship. The magazine also integrated Polish intelligentsia around the world and was some kind of alternative for “Kultura” published in Paris. During the years the owners of “Oficyna Po­etów iMalarzy” developed their skills and machine park of the press. Struggling from low budget and lack of support they still managed to maintain very high aesthetical level of their hand-made prints. The article is devoted to graphic and typographic form of the periodical. The Bednarczyks were editors, designers, typesetters and printers at the same time. They put great effort in selection of paper, print quality and acquired the most talented émigré illustrators to cooperate in “Oficyna…”. Aesthetic form of the magazine, as well as its cultural impact on Polish society in Great Britain can be sapid for researchers interested in emigration culture, literary magazines and niche printing movement in Great Britain.
Współczesna książka interaktywna dla dzieci na przykładzie twórczości Hervé’a Tulleta
Authors: Urban Alicja
Published: March 2020

Contemporary interactive book for children: The example of Hervé Tullet’s workNowadays, an interactive book is overlooked and forgotten by researchers — it is supplanted by new technologies, applications and multimedia offers from publishers. Lack of definitions leads to problems with its understanding. There are no assumptions about the features, functions and appearance of this subspecies. Placed among both digital solutions and traditional paper editions, it has an unclear status and exists as an undefined subgenre of children’s books. The article collects definitions that are analyzed in terms of differences and similarities, contains terminological conclusions about the contemporary interactive book and its current status. Examples from Hervé Tullet’s individual works show the characteristics of an interactive book.
Zmiany w zasadach realizacji zadań w Bibliotece Głównej Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu w latach 1947–2016
Authors: Rogalińska Agnieszka
Published: March 2020

Changes in the rules of realization of tasks in the Main Library of the Wrocław University of Economics in the years 1947–2016The article presents changes which have taken place in the principles of realization of tasks of the library within the years 1947–2016. The most important tasks of a scientific library are: the organization of bibliographic and information workshops, didactics and scientific research activities. The fulfilling of certain tasks in five following periods of the library’s existence has been analyzed based on publications of the library staff. The tasks themselves have not been changed, what has been altered, are the methods and tools of their realization. The conclusion points at the causes of change: the law, needs of users, modification of didactic programs, locum conditions, development of IT technologies and the commitment of librarians.
Factors Influencing the Success of the National Nursing Competency Examination taken by the Nursing Diploma Students in Yogyakarta
Authors: Wardani Yulia
Published: March 2020

Introduction: The Indonesian government mandated the national examination for health professional in 2014. Yogyakarta was the province with the highest percentage achievement for this past five years and it was affected by many factors. This study was conducted to analyze what are the factors that influence the success in national nursing examination of three year nursing students in Yogyakarta.Methods: This descriptive correlative design with sample of 926 graduate students of three years diploma in Yogyakarta and total sampling technique was used. The data were analyzed by frequency distribution, F-test, multiple regression and R2 for the determinant analysis unit. Results:The study identified that 78.1% of the participants were female with age of 20 to 24 years old, 68.2 % were come from Yogyakarta, 96,9% had academic grade with range of 3 to 3.99. The ranges of passing grades of exam scores were 67% to 98 %, and 89% the institutions were able to achieve passing grade more than 75%. There were some significant correlations between learning strategic with mental preparation (p=0.12), the readiness of the manager (p=0.00), the place that the test was delivered (p=0.00) and the learning strategic was the most determinant predictor in success of the exam.Conclusions: A good learning strategic was the dominant factor for success of national competency and mental preparation, the readiness of the manager, the place where the test was delivered were correlated with the success of the exam.
Developing Family Resilience Models: Indicators and Dimensions in the Families of Pulmonary TB Patients in Surabaya
Authors: Rachmawati Dhian Satya , Nursalam Nursalam , Amin Muhammad , Hargono Rachmat
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Family resilience is the process of adaptation and coping in the family as a functional unit. A lack of family involvement in the care programs for TB sufferers is one of the factors of concern. The purpose of this study was to analyze the indicators of the family resilience of patients with pulmonary TB.Methods: This study used an observational analytical method with a cross-sectional approach. The study population was the families of new pulmonary TB sufferers in the Surabaya area, taken using the rule of the thumb guideline with a sample of 130 respondents. The sampling technique using was systematic random sampling. The variables in this study were the stages of family resilience: survival, adaptation, acceptance, growing stronger and helping others, which were measured using a questionnaire. The data was analyzed using second CFA.Results: The results showed that the family resilience model is also the fit model. This refers to the results of the goodness of fit test. Family Resilience = 0.724 Survival, Family Resilience = 0.762 Adaptation, Family Resilience = 0.945 Acceptance, Family Resilience = 0.783 Growing Stronger and Family Resilience = 0.879 Helping Others.Conclusion: The results of this study provide information on the stages of family resilience and the ability of each stage so then it can be used as a reference when developing family nursing care plans for patients with pulmonary TB.
The Effect of Combination Therapy of A Warm Ginger Stew Compress and Ki. 3 Point Acupressure on The Pain Level of Gout Arthritis Patients In Indonesia
Authors: Pertiwi Enji Meilia Era , Awaludin Sidik , Sumeru Annas
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Gout arthritis is a systemic disease caused by deposition of monosodium urate crystals in the joints,  causing pain. Pain management may include complementary therapy such as combination therapy of a warm ginger stew compress and Ki. 3 point acupressure to reduce pain. This research aimed to examine the effect of combination therapy of a warm ginger stew compress and Ki. 3 point acupressure on the pain level of gout arthritis patients.Methods: The research design for this study is a quasi-experiment pre-test and post-test, with a control group design for 30 respondents. The respondents were assigned to an experimental group with combination therapy of a warm ginger stew compress and Ki. 3 point acupressure for about 30 minutes, and a control group with a warm ginger stew compress for about 15 minutes. Each group consisted of 15 people. The data was analysed using a paired t-test, independent t-test, and Mann Whitney test.Results: The Mann Whitney test showed an average decrease of pain level in the experimental group of 1,7333 and the control group of 1,0667 so, there were differences in the decreased of pain level before and after intervention between the two groups with p-value=0.013.Conclusion: Combination therapy of a warm ginger stew compress and Ki. 3 point acupressure were effective in decreasing the pain level of gout arthritis patients in Puskesmas 1 Purwokerto Timur. This therapy can be used for the gout arthritis patient to reduce pain level.
Potential Natural Compounds for Preventing SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) Infection
Authors: Chen Hansen , Du Qiaohui
Published: March 2020

SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV), a novel coronavirus, caused the pneumonia outbreak in China and continue to expand. The host receptor for 2019-nCoV Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), is the same as the host receptor for SARS-CoV. Targeting ACE2 holds the promise for preventing and inhibiting 2019-nCoV infection. Chinese Medicine herbs could be a valuable pool for identifying active compounds for treating infection of 2019-nCoV. In this study, we summarize several active compounds, including baicalin, Scutellarin, Hesperetin, Nicotianamine and glycyrrhizin that could have potential anti-2019-nCoV effects. We conduct molecular docking to predict their capacity for binding ACE2, which may prevent the 2019-nCoV infection. We propose that these selected compounds worth further investigation for preventing 2019-nCoV.
The Consequence of the Analytic Continuity of Zeta Function Subject to an Additional Term and a Justification of the Location of the Non-Trivial Zeros
Authors: Salah Jamal
Published: March 2020

We review two main results of Riemann Zeta function; the analytic continuity and the first functional equation by the means of Gamma function and Hankel contour. We observe that an additional term is considered in both results. We justify the non-trivial location of Zeta non-trivial zeros subject to an approximation.