bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Approximation of Elasticity Tensor Associated With Green-Naghdi Rate
Authors: Liu Haofei , Sun Wei
Published: May 2017

Objective stress rates are often used in commercial finite element (FE) programs. However, deriving a consistent tangent modulus tensor (also known as elasticity tensor or material Jacobian) associated with the objective stress rates is challenging when complex material models are utilized. In this paper, an approximation method for the tangent modulus tensor associated with the Green-Naghdi rate of the Kirchhoff stress is employed to simplify the evaluation process. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated through the implementation of two user-defined fiber-reinforced hyperelastic material models. Comparisons between the approximation method and the closed-form analytical method demonstrate that the former can simplify the material Jacobian evaluation with satisfactory accuracy while retaining its computational efficiency. Moreover, since the approximation method is independent of material models, it can facilitate the implementation of complex material models in FE analysis using shell/membrane elements in abaqus.
Interplay Between Dissipation and Modal Truncation in Ball-Beam Impact
Authors: Bhattacharjee Arindam , Chatterjee Anindya
Published: May 2017

We study a ball-beam impact in detail; and in particular, we study the interplay between dissipation and modal truncation. With Hertzian contact between a solid ball and an Euler–Bernoulli beam model, we find using detailed numerical simulations that many (well above 60) modes are needed before convergence occurs; that contact dissipation (either viscous or hysteretic) has only a slight effect; and that contact location plays a significant role. However, and more interestingly, we find that as little as 2% modal damping speeds up convergence of the net interaction so that only about 25 modes are needed. We offer a qualitative explanation for this effect in terms of the many subimpacts that occur in the overall single macroscopic impact. In particular, we find that in cases where the overall interaction time is long enough to damp out high modes yet short enough to leave lower modes undissipated, modal truncation at about 25 modes gives good results. In contrast, if modal damping is absent so that higher mode vibrations persist throughout the interaction, final outcomes are less regular and many more modes are needed. The regime of impact interactions studied here occurs for reasonable parameter ranges, e.g., for a 3–4 cm steel ball dropped at speeds of 0.1–1.0 m/s on a meter-long steel beam of net mass 1 kg. We are unaware of any prior similarly detailed numerical study which clearly offers the one summarizing idea that we obtain here.
Conduction and valence band offsets of LaAl2O3 with (−201) β-Ga2O3
Authors: Carey Patrick H. , Ren Fan , Hays David C. , Gila Brent P. , Pearton Stephen J. , Jang Soohwan , Kuramata Akito
Published: May 2017

Wide bandgap dielectrics are needed as gate insulators and surface passivation layers on the emerging electronic oxide Ga2O3. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to determine the valence band offset at LaAl2O3 (LAO)/β-Ga2O3 heterointerfaces. LaAl2O3 was deposited by RF magnetron sputtering onto bulk Ga2O3 crystals. The bandgaps of the materials were determined by reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy to be 4.6 eV for Ga2O3 and 6.4 eV for LAO. The valence band offset was determined to be −0.21 ± 0.02 eV (staggered gap, type II alignment) for LAO on Ga2O3. This leads to a conduction band offset of 2.01 ± 0.60 eV for LaAO with Ga2O3. Thus, LAO provides excellent electron confinement but not hole confinement in LAO/Ga2O3 heterostructures.
Stable hormones for stable moods
Authors: Michopoulos Vasiliki
Published: May 2017

The rise in ovarian hormones triggers premenstrual dysphoric disorder symptoms in women.
Evolution of Bacterial “Frenemies”
Authors: Darch Sophie E. , Ibberson Carolyn B. , Whiteley Marvin
Published: May 2017

Chronic polymicrobial infections are associated with increased virulence compared to monospecies infections. However, our understanding of microbial dynamics during polymicrobial infection is limited. A recent study by Limoli and colleagues (D. H. Limoli, G. B. Whitfield, T. Kitao, M. L. Ivey, M. R. Davis, Jr., et al., mBio 8:e00186-17, 2017,
https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00186-17
) provides insight into a mechanism that may contribute to the coexistence of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and
Staphylococcus aureus
in the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung. CF lung infections have frequently been used to investigate microbial interactions due to both the complex polymicrobial community and chronic nature of these infections. The hypothesis of Limoli et al. is that the conversion of
P. aeruginosa
to its mucoidy phenotype during chronic CF infection promotes coexistence by diminishing its ability to kill
S. aureus
. Highlighting a new facet of microbial interaction between two species that are traditionally thought of as competitors, this study provides a platform for studying community assembly in a relevant infection setting.
Comparative Genomic Analysis Reveals Habitat-Specific Genes and Regulatory Hubs within the Genus
Novosphingobium
Authors: Kumar Roshan , Verma Helianthous , Haider Shazia , Bajaj Abhay , Sood Utkarsh , Ponnusamy Kalaiarasan , Nagar Shekhar , Shakarad Mallikarjun N. , Negi Ram Krishan , Singh Yogendra , Khurana J. P. , Gilbert Jack A. , Lal Rup
Published: May 2017

This study highlights the significant role of the genetic repertoire of a microorganism in the similarity between
Novosphingobium
strains. The results suggest that the phylogenetic relationships were mostly influenced by metabolic trait enrichment, which is possibly governed by the microenvironment of each microbe’s respective niche. Using core genome analysis, the enrichment of a certain set of genes specific to a particular habitat was determined, which provided insights on the influence of habitat on the distribution of metabolic traits for
Novosphingobium
strains. We also identified habitat-specific protein hubs, which suggested delineation of
Novosphingobium
strains based on their habitat. Examining the available genomes of ecologically diverse bacterial species and analyzing the habitat-specific genes are useful for understanding the distribution and evolution of functional and phylogenetic diversity in the genus
Novosphingobium
.
Potential applications of telenephrology to enhance global kidney care
Authors: Osman Mohamed A , Okel Julius , Okpechi Ikechi G , Jindal Kailash , Bello Aminu K
Published: May 2017

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important public health issue that increasingly affects more patients globally and is associated with adverse clinical consequences with huge economic impact. Effective management of patients with CKD requires delivery of kidney care in a primary care setting where possible and at a higher level with a nephrologist when necessary to improve outcomes. In many instances and for various reasons, it is not possible to follow this pathway of care delivery. With improving telecommunication technologies worldwide, it is hoped that increasing utilisation of electronic communication devices can be used to facilitate kidney care to improve the quality of care delivered to patients, especially those who live in remote regions. Kidney care and therefore outcomes for patients with CKD is often compromised due to lack of access to a nephrologist, either because of distance or shortage of nephrologists, high proportion of patients being unaware they have CKD, lack of population screening for early detection of CKD and risk factors and prevention programmes and poor patient adherence and absence of appropriate CKD management strategies. Telenephrology can play a significant role in addressing these factors and therefore can be leveraged to improve CKD outcomes globally, especially in low to middle-income countries. This paper provides an overview on the potential role of telenephrology in enhancing access to and quality of care delivered to patients with CKD to improve outcomes.
Choosing Wisely: A Quality Improvement Initiative to Decrease Unnecessary Preoperative Testing
Authors: Matulis John , Liu Stephen , Mecchella John , North Frederick , Holmes Alison
Published: May 2017

Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center is a rural, academic medical center in the northeastern United States; its General Internal Medicine (GIM) division performs about 900 low and intermediate surgical risk preoperative evaluations annually. Routine preoperative testing in these evaluations is widely considered a low-value service. Our baseline data sample showed unnecessary testing rates of approximately 36%. A multi-disciplinary team used a micro-systems approach to analyze the existing process and formulate a rapid cycle improvement strategy. Our improvement efforts focused on implementation of a Nurse Practitioner and Physician Assistant (Associate Provider) clinic to incorporate standardized protocols for preoperative assessment. Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles included creation of a dedicated Associate Provider run preoperative clinic, modifying and operationalizing a scheduling scheme, and creating and implementing Electronic Health Record (EHR) tools. We used Statistical Process Control (SPC) methods to analyze time ordered data for the usual care process and to compare performance with the novel preoperative clinic. The Associate Provider preoperative clinic showed unnecessary testing rates of 4% compared with 23% in the usual care cohort (p<.001) within 3 months of implementation. When testing rates across the entire division were analyzed, there was no significant change. In our GIM division this preoperative clinic was effectively staffed with Associate Providers. Dedicated leadership support, incorporating input from a diverse improvement team, and balancing innovation with other clinical needs are important elements for success. We hypothesize that protecting clinical time to focus on preoperative care, monitoring and modifying scheduling processes, and improving support for electronic health record tool implementation would have yielded further performance improvements. Our experience provides valuable learning for other primary care practices with similar challenges. Identifying appropriate patients for inclusion in these clinic visits while optimizing primary care provider collaboration are important future challenges.
Sialolipoma of the parotid salivary gland in two dogs
Authors: Rodiño Tilve Verónica , Finck Marlene , Leach Joshua DG , Macfarlane Michael J
Published: May 2017

An eight‐year‐old male neutered boxer and a 10‐year‐old female neutered lurcher were presented with palpable masses in the region of the right parotid salivary gland. In both cases, fine needle aspirates yielded adipose cells, normal salivary epithelium and some blood contamination. CT images showed a mixed fat attenuating mass in the region of the right parotid salivary gland, without a normal ipsilateral parotid salivary gland. Surgical excision was performed in both cases and histopathology was consistent with sialolipoma. Neither mass has recurred 7 and 16 months after surgery. Sialolipoma should therefore be considered as a differential in dogs with a mass in this location. Fine needle aspirates showing salivary epithelium and adipose cells should not be dismissed as non‐diagnostic. To the authors’ knowledge, these are the two first reported cases of sialolipomas of the parotid salivary gland in dogs and the first description of cross‐sectional imaging of sialolipomas.
An outbreak of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) in a herd vaccinated with a live glycoprotein E deleted (marker) bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV‐1) vaccine: lessons to be learned
Authors: Tomlinson Martin Stuart , Hopker Andy , Corbishley Alexander
Published: May 2017

Vaccines are commonly used in the control of bovine respiratory disease; however, the field performance of these vaccines is poorly understood. We describe an outbreak of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in a 383‐animal beef finishing unit in Scotland four months after vaccination with a live glycoprotein E deleted (marker) bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV‐1) vaccine. Seroconversion to the vaccine was confirmed in acute sera, and seroconversion to field virus was confirmed in convalescent sera. BoHV‐1 was also identified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and conjunctival swabs using PCR. This outbreak highlights the importance of the reporting of veterinary vaccine suspected lack of expected efficacy events, as well as the paucity of data available to practitioners relating to the field performance of veterinary vaccines.
Wnt5A regulates the expression of ROR2 tyrosine kinase receptor in ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Hossein Ghamartaj , Arabzadeh Somayeh , Salehi-Dulabi Zahra , Dehghani-Ghobadi Zeinab , Heidarian Yassaman , Talebi-Juybari Maryam
Published: May 2017

Wnt5A and receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (ROR2) proteins both regulate developmental processes, cell movement, and cell polarity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a possible regulatory role of Wnt5A on ROR2 expression in human ovarian cancer cell lines. Moreover, the expression of Wnt5A and ROR2 mRNA and protein levels were assessed in human epithelial serous ovarian cancer (HSOC) specimens. ROR2 was strongly decreased in cells treated with siRNA against Wnt5A compared with scramble-treated or lipofectamine-treated cells (P < 0.001). There was 34% decreased cell invasion (P < 0.01) in Wnt5A knock-down cells compared with lipofectamine-treated and scramble-treated cells; however, cell invasion remained unchanged upon addition of anti-ROR2 antibody to the culture media of these cells. In contrast, addition of anti-ROR2 antibody to the culture media for lipofectamine-treated and scramble-treated cells led to 32% decreased cell invasion (P < 0.01). Normal ovarian specimens were negative, and variable immunostaining was observed in HSOC for Wnt5A and ROR2 immunostaining. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between Wnt5A and ROR2 expression in high-grade SOC samples at the mRNA level (P < 0.05; r = 0.38). This is the first report to show the regulatory role of Wnt5A on ROR2 expression in ovarian cancer.
Spectral analysis of a model for quantum friction
Authors: De Bièvre Stephan , Faupin Jérémy , Schubnel Baptiste
Published: May 2017

An otherwise free classical particle moving through an extended spatially homogeneous medium with which it may exchange energy and momentum will undergo a frictional drag force in the direction opposite to its velocity with a magnitude which is typically proportional to a power of its speed. We study here the quantum equivalent of a classical Hamiltonian model for this friction phenomenon that was proposed in [11]. More precisely, we study the spectral properties of the quantum Hamiltonian and compare the quantum and classical situations. Under suitable conditions on the infrared behavior of the model, we prove that the Hamiltonian at fixed total momentum has no ground state except when the total momentum vanishes, and that its spectrum is otherwise absolutely continuous.
An optimal routing strategy on scale-free networks
Authors: Yang Yibo , Zhao Honglin , Ma Jinlong , Qi Zhaohui , Zhao Yongbin
Published: May 2017

Traffic is one of the most fundamental dynamical processes in networked systems. With the traditional shortest path routing (SPR) protocol, traffic congestion is likely to occur on the hub nodes on scale-free networks. In this paper, we propose an improved optimal routing (IOR) strategy which is based on the betweenness centrality and the degree centrality of nodes in the scale-free networks. With the proposed strategy, the routing paths can accurately bypass hub nodes in the network to enhance the transport efficiency. Simulation results show that the traffic capacity as well as some other indexes reflecting transportation efficiency are further improved with the IOR strategy. Owing to the significantly improved traffic performance, this study is helpful to design more efficient routing strategies in communication or transportation systems.
Improve the properties of n-ZnO/p-Si heterojunction by CuSCN buffer layer
Authors: Xiong Chao , Chen Lei , Du Wenhan , Ma Jinxiang , Xiao Jin , Zhu Xifang
Published: May 2017

Due to the mismatch between ZnO film and [Formula: see text]-Si lattice, there are a large number of interface states which seriously affect the photoelectric properties of ZnO/[Formula: see text]-Si heterojunction optoelectronic devices. In this research, ZnO thin films were deposited on [Formula: see text]-Si by magnetron sputtering and ZnO/[Formula: see text]-Si heterojunction was prepared. CuSCN film buffer layer was inserted into the interface of ZnO/[Formula: see text]-Si heterojunction to reduce the interface state and improve the electric properties of heterojunction. The results show that the insertion of CuSCN films can effectively improve the interface state of ZnO/[Formula: see text]-Si heterojunction, increase the forward current, reduce the reverse current and improve the heterojunction rectification ratio.
Lightweight ceramsites prepared by the solid waste of semiconductor and textile dyeing industry
Authors: Sun Yuanyuan , Sun Youbao , Sun Qingbo , Xiao Xuejun
Published: May 2017

High-efficient recycling of solid waste from the semiconductor or textile dyeing industry has been a challenge since these industrial waste not only brings a heavy burden to enterprises but also seriously affects our ecological environment. Here, a feasible method is proposed to recycle this solid waste by transferring it into high value-added ceramsites. They were prepared by using the third grade sand of cutting silicon (TGSCS) and textile dyeing sludge (TDS) as raw materials and composed mainly of SiO2–Al2O3. Through systematic analysis of the experimental results, it was concluded that the optimized ratios of the TGSCS and the TDS should range from 1:1.5 to 1:3, while the sintering temperature should be around 1150[Formula: see text]C. These lightweight ceramsites can have excellent properties of the cylinder compressive strength of 4.65 MPa and bulk density of 477 kg/m3. The potential expansion mechanism was thought to be related to both TGSCS and TDS as they reacted with Fe2O3 impurity to form CO2/CO gases. This work is to prepare lightweight ceramsites and to recycle solid waste.
Electrical and optical conductivities of bilayer silicene: Tight-binding calculations
Authors: Chegel Raad , Feyzi Azra , Moradian Rostam
Published: May 2017

The electronic structures, densities of state and electrical and optical conductivities of monolayer and bilayer silicene sheets are investigated using tight-binding approximation and Green’s function method. We found that applying the electric field on doped bilayer silicene leads to band structure modification. For AA-stacked bilayer silicene, applying and increasing the bias [Formula: see text] does not create the energy gap but for AB-stacked bilayer, a small bias [Formula: see text] is enough to create an energy gap. It is shown that the electrical conductivity depends on temperature, doping and electric field. In pristine and doped AA- and AB-stacked bilayers, electrical conductivity increases (decreases) linearly with [Formula: see text] at low (high) temperature and decreases by increasing the doping onsite energy [Formula: see text] at all [Formula: see text] ranges. The effects of temperature on the conductivity increase with the increase of electric field. It is found that the electrical conductivity depends on the amount of interlayer hopping integral [Formula: see text]. For the case of AA-stacking, there are three steps in optical conductivity at energies [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. For the case of AB-stacking the optical conductivity has a step at [Formula: see text] similar to monolayer sheet and some steps at energies [Formula: see text].
Detecting the topological charge of a vortex beam by an arc slit diffraction
Authors: Fu Dongzhi , Zhou Hailong , Wang Kaiwei , Zhang Pei , Dong Jianji , Gao Hong , Li Fuli
Published: May 2017

The simple and efficient measurement of the light orbital angular momentum (OAM) is essential to both the classical and quantum applications with vortex beams. Here, we study the diffraction pattern in the far field when a vortex beam passes through an arc slit and demonstrate experimentally that a light spot of the diffraction pattern has a displacement which is linear to the topological charge (TC) of the incident vortex beam. Based on this property, this method is capable of measuring both modulus and sign of TC of the vortex beam. Furthermore, this scheme allows identifying multiple OAM states simultaneously.
Different roles of carbon and silicon vacancies in silicon carbide bulks and nanowires
Authors: Li Shu-Long , Li Ya-Lin , Li Yan-Jing , Gong Pei , Fang Xiao-Yong
Published: May 2017

We investigated the effects of carbon and silicon vacancies on the electronic structure and optical properties of pure silicon carbide (SiC) bulks and nanowires (NWs) based on density functional theory in CASTEP module. Calculation results showed that vacancies only slightly influenced structure and stability, particularly those of NWs. By contrast, effects on electronic function and optical properties were more notable. We found that the energy gaps of SiC bulks and NWs decreased with increased vacancies redistributing the electron density, which critically contributed to the formation of C–C and Si–Si bonds. The dielectric loss of SiC bulks and NWs in the ultraviolet region was primarily attributed to conductivity, whereas the loss in this region was due to the polarization of dangling bonds.
Dark optical, singular solitons and conservation laws to the nonlinear Schrödinger’s equation with spatio-temporal dispersion
Authors: Inc Mustafa , Aliyu Aliyu Isa , Yusuf Abdullahi
Published: May 2017

This paper studies the dynamics of solitons to the nonlinear Schrödinger’s equation (NLSE) with spatio-temporal dispersion (STD). The integration algorithm that is employed in this paper is the Riccati–Bernoulli sub-ODE method. This leads to dark and singular soliton solutions that are important in the field of optoelectronics and fiber optics. The soliton solutions appear with all necessary constraint conditions that are necessary for them to exist. There are four types of nonlinear media studied in this paper. They are Kerr law, power law, parabolic law and dual law. The conservation laws (Cls) for the Kerr law and parabolic law nonlinear media are constructed using the conservation theorem presented by Ibragimov.
Effects of signal-dependent motilities in a Keller–Segel-type reaction–diffusion system
Authors: Tao Youshan , Winkler Michael
Published: May 2017

This work considers the Keller–Segel-type parabolic system [Formula: see text] in a smoothly bounded convex domain [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], under no-flux boundary conditions, which has recently been proposed as a model for processes of stripe pattern formation via so-called “self-trapping” mechanisms. In the two-dimensional case, in stark contrast to the classical Keller–Segel model in which large-data solutions may blow up in finite time, for all suitably regular initial data the associated initial value problem is seen to possess a globally-defined bounded classical solution, provided that the motility function [Formula: see text] is uniformly positive. In the corresponding higher-dimensional setting, it is shown that certain weak solutions exist globally, where in the particular three-dimensional case this solution actually is bounded and classical if the initial data are suitably small in the norm of [Formula: see text]. Finally, if still [Formula: see text] but merely the physically interpretable quantity [Formula: see text] is appropriately small, then the above-weak solutions are proved to become eventually smooth and bounded.
CONTINUOUS MICROSTRUCTURAL CORRELATION OF SLAG/SUPERPLASTICIZER CEMENT PASTES BY HEAT AND IMPEDANCE METHODS VIA FRACTAL ANALYSIS
Authors: TANG S. W. , CAI R. J. , HE Z. , CAI X. H. , SHAO H. Y. , LI Z. J. , YANG H. M. , CHEN E.
Published: May 2017

This paper presents a preliminary work to evaluate the influence of slag and superplasticizer on the early-age hydration of cement pastes by an innovative non-contact impedance measurement, heat evolution method, compressive strength and setting time tests. Besides, the cumulative pore volume obtained from modulus and phase of impedance in different hydration sections is taken to continuously correlate the cumulative heat releasing of cement pastes via the fractal analysis. Retarded phenomena and mechanism of hydration in cement pastes incorporated with slag and superplasticizer are studied, respectively. It is found that the compressive strength and setting time have a good linear relation with the slag amount in blended cement pastes.
EVALUATION OF A REGRESSION PREDICTION MODEL FOR SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF WOOD–POLYETHYLENE COMPOSITE (WPC)
Authors: SHI WENYONG , MA YAN , YANG CHUNMEI , JIANG BIN , LI ZHE
Published: May 2017

Milling processing is an important way to obtain wood–polyethylene composite (WPC) end products. In order to improve the processing efficiency and surface quality of WPC and meet the practical application requirements, this paper focussed on morphology and roughness of the WPC-milled surface and studied surface quality changes under different cutting parameters and milling methods through multi-parameters milling experiments. The milling surface morphology and roughness of WPC were analyzed and measured during cut-in, cutting and cut-out sections. It also revealed the affect rule of different cutting parameters and milling methods on milled surface morphology and roughness. The results show that the milling surface roughness of WPC products with wood powder content of 70% is significantly larger than the one whose wood powder content is 60%, and defects such as holes are also relatively more. Finally, a surface roughness prediction model was established based on the mathematical regression method and its multi-factor simulation was carried out. A comparative analysis of predictive and experimental values was performed to verify the reliability of the model. It could also provide theoretical guidance and technical guarantee for high processing quality of WPC milling and cutting.
THE EFFECTS OF BORON DOPING ON RESIDUAL STRESS OF HFCVD DIAMOND FILM FOR MEMS APPLICATIONS
Authors: ZHAO TIANQI , WANG XINCHANG , SUN FANGHONG
Published: May 2017

In this study, the residual stress of boron-doped diamond (BDD) films is investigated as a function of boron doping level using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Boron doping level is controlled from 1000[Formula: see text]ppm to 9000[Formula: see text]ppm by dissolving trimethyl borate into acetone. BDD films are deposited on silicon wafers using a bias-enhanced hot filament chemical vapor deposition (BE-HFCVD) system. Residual stress calculated by [Formula: see text] method varies linearly from [Formula: see text]2.4[Formula: see text]GPa to [Formula: see text]1.1[Formula: see text]GPa with increasing boron doping level. On the BDD film of [Formula: see text]1.75[Formula: see text]GPa, free standing BDD cantilevers are fabricated by photolithography and ICP-RIE processes, then tested by laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV). A cantilever with resonant frequency of 183[Formula: see text]KHz and [Formula: see text] factor of 261 in the air is fabricated.
STUDY ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF 304 STAINLESS STEEL JOINTS BY TIG–MIG HYBRID WELDING
Authors: OGUNDIMU EMMANUEL O. , AKINLABI ESTHER T. , ERINOSHO MUTIU F.
Published: May 2017

Stainless steel is a family of Fe-based alloys having excellent resistance to corrosion and as such has been used imperatively for kitchen utensils, transportation, building constructions and much more. This paper presents the work conducted on the material characterizations of a tungsten inert gas (TIG)–metal inert gas (MIG) hybrid welded joint of type 304 austenitic stainless steel. The welding processes were conducted in three phases. The phases of welding employed are MIG welding using a current of 170[Formula: see text]A, TIG welding using a current of 190[Formula: see text]A, and a hybrid TIG–MIG welding with currents of 190/170[Formula: see text]A, respectively. The MIG, TIG, and hybrid TIG–MIG weldments were characterized with incomplete penetration, full penetration and excess penetration of weld. Intergranular austenite was created toward transition and heat affected zones. The thickness of the delta ferrite ([Formula: see text]-Fe) formed in the microstructures of the TIG weld is more than the thickness emerged in the microstructures of MIG and hybrid TIG–MIG welds. A TIG–MIG hybrid weld of specimen welded at the currents of 190/170[Formula: see text]A has the highest ultimate tensile strength value and percentage elongation of 397.72[Formula: see text]MPa and 35.7%. The TIG–MIG hybrid welding can be recommended for high-tech industrial applications such as nuclear, aircraft, food processing, and automobile industry.
DIFFERENTIAL DEPLETION CAPACITANCE APPROXIMATION ANALYSIS UNDER DC VOLTAGE FOR AIR-EXPOSED Cu/n-Si SCHOTTKY DIODES
Authors: KORKUT A.
Published: May 2017

It is well known that the semiconductor surface is easily oxidized by air-media in time. This work studieds the characterization of Schottky diodes and changes in depletion capacitance, which is caused by air exposure of a group of Cu/n-Si/Al Schottky diodes. First, data for current-voltage and capacitance-voltage were a Ren, and then ideality factor, barrier height, built-in potential ([Formula: see text], donor concentration and Fermi level, interfacial oxide thickness, interface state density were calculated. It is seen that depletion capacitance was calculate; whereafter built-in potential played an important role in Schottky diodes characteristic. Built-in potential directly affects the characteristic of Schottky diodes and a turning point occurs. In case of forward and reverse bias, depletion capacitance versus voltage graphics are matched, but in an opposite direction. In case of forward bias, differential depletion capacitance begins from minus values, it is raised to first [Formula: see text], then reduced to second [Formula: see text] under the minus condition. And it sharply gones up to positive apex, then sharply falls down to near zero, but it takes positive values depending on DC voltage. In case of reverse bias, differential depletion capacitance takes to small positive values. In other respects, we see that depletion characteristics change considerably under DC voltage.
STRUCTURAL, SURFACE MORPHOLOGICAL AND MAGNETIC STUDIES OF Zn1−xFexS (x=0.00–0.10) DILUTED MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS GROWN BY CO-PRECIPITATION METHOD
Authors: HASSAN M. , GHAZANFAR M. , AROOJ N. , RIAZ S. , HUSSAIN S. SAJJAD , NASEEM S.
Published: May 2017

We have fabricated Zn[Formula: see text]FexS ([Formula: see text], 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.10) diluted magnetic semiconductors using co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction patterns depict that Zn[Formula: see text]FexS appears as a dominant phase with cubic zinc blende structure and nanoscale crystallite size. In addition, a secondary phase of rhombohedral ZnS also appears; however, no additional phase arises that primarily belongs to Fe dopant. Using Debye–Scherrer relation, the crystallite size is found to be in the range of 20–27[Formula: see text]nm, which is in good agreement with the crystallite size calculated using the Williamson–Hall (WH) plot method. The appearance of secondary phase provoked to study the residual strain using Stokes–Wilson equation, which is nearly consistent to that observed using WH plot method. The surface morphology, revealed using scanning electron microscopy, depicts non-uniform surface structure with a variety of grains and void dimensions. Hysteresis loops measured for Zn[Formula: see text]FexS at room temperature (RT) illustrate a paramagnetic behavior at higher fields; however, small ferromagnetic behavior is evident due to the small openings of the measured hysteresis loops around the origin. The measured RT ferromagnetism reveals the potential spintronic device applications of the studied diluted magnetic semiconductors.
STUDY ON BAND STRUCTURE OF NANOPOROUS SILICON THIN FILM
Authors: WU XUEKE , TANG YANLIN
Published: May 2017

We investigate the energy band structure of nanoporous silicon thin film using first principles calculation based on density functional theory (DFT) with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The calculation results show that the band gaps of nanoporous silicon increase with increasing porosity, increase with decreasing the thickness of matrix layer, and almost independent of the thickness of pore layer. Moreover, the band structure of nanoporous silicon can be transformed from indirect to direct gap on thin films of (111) and (110) faces. It will be the guidance and reference for the fabrication of porous silicon optoelectronic devices.
Bounded Computational Capacity Equilibrium in Repeated Two-Player Zero-Sum Games
Authors: Baskov O. V.
Published: May 2017

We propose a generalization of the notion of bounded computational capacity equilibrium in repeated zero-sum games played by finite automata. We show that if the players’ mixed strategies are to contain automata of the same size, the equilibrium in our sense does not exist in general, and if the players are allowed to mix automata of different sizes, the equilibrium in our sense always exists.
Compactifications of adjoint orbits and their Hodge diamonds
Authors: Ballico E. , Callander B. , Gasparim E.
Published: May 2017

A recent theorem of [E. Gasparim, L. Grama and L. A. B. San Martin, Lefschetz fibrations on adjoint orbits, Forum Math. 28(5) (2016) 967–980.] showed that adjoint orbits of semisimple Lie algebras have the structure of symplectic Lefschetz fibrations. We investigate the behavior of their fiberwise compactifications. Expressing adjoint orbits and fibers as affine varieties in their Lie algebra, we compactify them to projective varieties via homogenization of the defining ideals. We find that their Hodge diamonds vary wildly according to the choice of homogenization, and that extensions of the potential to the compactification must acquire degenerate singularities.
Entropy–KEMIRA Approach for MCDM Problem Solution in Human Resources Selection Task
Authors: Krylovas Aleksandras , Dadelo Stanislavas , Kosareva Natalja , Zavadskas Edmundas Kazimieras
Published: May 2017

Entropy–KEMIRA approach is proposed for criteria ranking and weights determining when solving Multiple Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) problem in human resources selection task. For the first time the method is applied in the case of three groups of criteria. Weights are calculated by solving optimization problem of maximizing the number of elements, which are “best” according to all three criteria, and minimizing the number of “doubtful” elements. The algorithm of problem solution is presented in the paper. The numerical experiment with three groups of evaluation criteria describing 11 life goals was accomplished.
Standing Posture Control of Bipedal Robots with Adaptive Compliance Under Unknown Payload Variations and External Disturbances
Authors: Mao Yichao , Zhu Qiuguo , Zhou Chunlin , Xiong Rong
Published: May 2017

When executing tasks, robots are required to demonstrate compliance to unexpected external disturbances or human–robot interactions, and return to the demanded posture when the disturbances or contacts are removed. Traditional Virtual Model Control (VMC) requires precise gravitational compensation to accurately control the posture of a robot. Hence, load variations or other uncertain unmodeled factors in the robot will result in offsets to its balance posture, which makes the robot deviate from the demanded posture when it is in a static state. To reject this offset without sacrificing the compliance of the robot, an adaptive controller is proposed in this paper to implement adaptive compliance on the robot, which makes the robot robust to the variations in gravitational loads in the double leg support phase. The adaptive controller is a combination of the VMC controller and an online gravitational loads estimator, in which the estimator is derived in the double leg support phase to estimate the values of these parameters and obtains an online updating law based on a Kalman optimal estimator. Then, a Lyapunov function is designed to modify and combine the controller and the online gravitational loads estimator. The experiments are conducted on a 4 DoF bipedal robot in the sagittal plane to validate the effectiveness of the controller and show that, by estimating the gravitational loads of the robot, the effects of load variations on balance posture are rejected without sacrificing compliance.
Products of two proportional primes
Authors: Moree Pieter , Eddin Sumaia Saad
Published: May 2017

In RSA cryptography numbers of the form [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] two distinct proportional primes play an important role. For a fixed real number [Formula: see text] we formalize this by saying that an integer [Formula: see text] is an RSA-integer if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are primes satisfying [Formula: see text]. Recently Dummit, Granville and Kisilevsky showed that substantially more than a quarter of the odd integers of the form [Formula: see text] up to [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text] both prime, satisfy [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we investigate this phenomenon for RSA-integers. We establish an analogue of a strong form of the prime number theorem with the logarithmic integral replaced by a variant. From this we derive an asymptotic formula for the number of RSA-integers [Formula: see text] which is much more precise than an earlier one derived by Decker and Moree in 2008.
Sign changes of Fourier coefficients of Siegel cusp forms of degree two on Hecke congruence subgroups
Authors: Gun S. , Sengupta J.
Published: May 2017

In this paper, we give a lower bound on the number of sign changes of Fourier coefficients of a non-zero degree two Siegel cusp form of even integral weight on a Hecke congruence subgroup. We also provide an explicit upper bound for the first sign change of Fourier coefficients of such Siegel cusp forms. Explicit upper bound on the first sign change of Fourier coefficients of a non-zero Siegel cusp form of even integral weight on the Siegel modular group for arbitrary genus was dealt in an earlier work of Choie, the first author and Kohnen.
Siegel paramodular forms of weight 2 and squarefree level
Authors: Poor Cris , Shurman Jerry , Yuen David S.
Published: May 2017

We compute the space [Formula: see text] of weight 2 Siegel paramodular cusp forms of squarefree level [Formula: see text]. In conformance with the paramodular conjecture of Brumer and Kramer, the space is only the additive (Gritsenko) lift space of the Jacobi cusp form space [Formula: see text] except for [Formula: see text], when it further contains one nonlift newform. For these two values of [Formula: see text], the Hasse–Weil [Formula: see text]-Euler factors of a relevant abelian surface match the spin [Formula: see text]-Euler factors of the nonlift newform for the first two primes [Formula: see text].
Polylogarithmic zeta functions and their p-adic analogues
Authors: Young Paul Thomas
Published: May 2017

We consider a broad family of zeta functions which includes the classical zeta functions of Riemann and Hurwitz, the beta and eta functions of Dirichlet, and the Lerch transcendent, as well as the Arakawa–Kaneko zeta functions and the recently introduced alternating Arakawa–Kaneko zeta functions. We construct their [Formula: see text]-adic analogues and indicate the many strong connections between the complex and [Formula: see text]-adic versions. As applications, we focus on the alternating case and show how certain families of alternating odd harmonic number series can be expressed in terms of Riemann zeta and Dirichlet beta values.
Core–Shell Ni@Onion-Like Carbon Nanocapsules-Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxides with Enhanced Microwave Absorption Properties in GHz Range
Authors: Liu Xianguo , Zhao Chengyun , Li Zhenxing , Xia Ailin , Jin Chuangui , Wei Hailian , Zhang Huiyan , Li Hailing , Zhang Shihong , Long Hongming
Published: May 2017

Ni@onion-like carbon (OLC)/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposites were synthesized, and their multicomponent microstructure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectra, the thermal gravimetric analysis and magnetic hysteresis loops. The obtained nanocomposite possesses a unique structure, in which core–shell Ni@OLC nanocapsules are decorated on the surface of RGOs. The synergistic effect of the dielectric loss of RGO and OLC and the magnetic loss of Ni nanoparticles can be constructed. The RGO can provide tremendous electric dipoles. Multi-interface among RGO, OLC and Ni nanoparticles can enhance dielectric performance and cause multiple reflections. The combination of these merits makes the nanocomposite a promising candidate material for electromagnetic absorber. The 20[Formula: see text]wt.% nanocomposite-paraffin composite can possess an optimal reflection loss (RL) of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]dB at 9.75[Formula: see text]GHz with a thickness of 3.1[Formula: see text]mm. When the thickness is 2.0[Formula: see text]mm, the RL of composite can reach [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]dB at 17.4[Formula: see text]GHz. The effective frequency is 6.54[Formula: see text]GHz (11.16–17.7[Formula: see text]GHz) for 2.4[Formula: see text]mm thickness layer.
All-optically integrated photoacoustic and optical coherence tomography: A review
Authors: Qiao Wei , Chen Zhongjiang
Published: May 2017

All-optically integrated photoacoustic (PA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) dual-mode imaging technology that could offer comprehensive pathological information for accurate diagnosis in clinic has gradually become a promising imaging technology in the aspect of biomedical imaging during the recent years. This review refers to the technology aspects of all-optical PA detection and system evolution of optically integrated PA and OCT, including Michelson interferometer dual-mode imaging system, Fabry–Perot (FP) interferometer dual-mode imaging system and Mach–Zehnder interferometer dual-mode imaging system. It is believed that the optically integrated PA and OCT has great potential applications in biomedical imaging.
The essential ideal graph of a commutative ring
Authors: Amjadi J.
Published: May 2017

Let [Formula: see text] be a commutative ring with identity. The essential ideal graph of [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text], is a graph whose vertex set is the set of all nonzero proper ideals of [Formula: see text] and two vertices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are adjacent whenever [Formula: see text] is an essential ideal. In this paper, we initiate the study of the essential ideal graph of a commutative ring and we investigate its properties.
Analysis of interval programming in different environments and its application to fixed-charge transportation problem
Authors: Midya Sudipta , Roy Sankar Kumar
Published: May 2017

In this paper, we analyze the interval programming using interval and rough interval (RI). Interval programming is one of the tools to tackle uncertainty in mathematical programming. In the real world situations, we often encounter the cases where the data cannot be determined with certainty. So, the value of the data is assessed using an interval. Here, we consider that the parameters of the Fixed-Charge Transportation Problem (FCTP) are imprecise. In our proposed problem, uncertainties are considered in terms of interval and RI. We present a study of the FCTP using the interval programming. An example of the FCTP is included to show the effectiveness and usefulness of our proposed study. Finally, concluding remarks and future scopes of our paper are discussed.
Energy-Efficient Hybrid Spintronic–Straintronic Nonvolatile Reconfigurable Equality Bit Comparator
Authors: Biswas Ayan K. , Atulasimha Jayasimha , Bandyopadhyay Supriyo
Published: May 2017

We propose and analyze a “spintronic/straintronic” reconfigurable equality bit comparator implemented with a nanowire spin valve whose two contacts are two-phase multiferroic nanomagnets and possess bistable magnetization. A reference bit is “written” into a stable magnetization state of one contact and an input bit in that of the other with electrically generated strain. The spin-valve’s resistance is lowered (raised) if the bits match (do not match). Multiple comparators can be interfaced in parallel with a magneto-tunneling junction to determine if an [Formula: see text]-bit input stream matches an [Formula: see text]-bit reference stream bit by bit. The system is robust against thermal noise at room temperature and a 16-bit comparator can operate at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]MHz while dissipating [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]28[Formula: see text]fJ per cycle. This implementation is more energy-efficient than CMOS-based implementations and the reference bits can be stored in the comparator itself without the need for refresh cycles or the need to fetch them from a remote memory for comparison. That improves reliability, speed and security.
Content-Aware Bit Shuffling for Maximizing PCM Endurance
Authors: Han Miseon , Han Youngsun , Kim Seon Wook , Lee Hokyoon , Park Il
Published: May 2017

Recently, phase change memory (PCM) has been emerging as a strong replacement for DRAM owing to its many advantages such as nonvolatility, high capacity, low leakage power, and so on. However, PCM is still restricted for use as main memory because of its limited write endurance. There have been many methods introduced to resolve the problem by either reducing or spreading out bit flips. Although many previous studies have significantly contributed to reducing bit flips, they still have the drawback that lower bits are flipped more often than higher bits because the lower bits frequently change their bit values. Also, interblock wear-leveling schemes are commonly employed for spreading out bit flips by shifting input data, but they increase the number of bit flips per write. In this article, we propose a noble content-aware bit shuffling (CABS) technique that minimizes bit flips and evenly distributes them to maximize the lifetime of PCM at the bit level. We also introduce two additional optimizations, namely, addition of an inversion bit and use of an XOR key, to further reduce bit flips. Moreover, CABS is capable of recovering from stuck-at faults by restricting the change in values of stuck-at cells. Experimental results showed that CABS outperformed the existing state-of-the-art methods in the aspect of PCM lifetime extension with minimal overhead. CABS achieved up to 48.5% enhanced lifetime compared to the data comparison write (DCW) method only with a few metadata bits. Moreover, CABS obtained approximately 9.7% of improved write throughput than DCW because it significantly reduced bit flips and evenly distributed them. Also, CABS reduced about 5.4% of write dynamic energy compared to DCW. Finally, we have also confirmed that CABS is fully applicable to BCH codes as it was able to reduce the maximum number of bit flips in metadata cells by 32.1%.