bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Statistics of the Performance of Gridded Precipitation Datasets in Indonesia
Authors: Wati Trinah , Hadi Tri W. , Sopaheluwakan Ardhasena , Hutasoit Lambok M.
Published: May 2022

Gridded precipitation datasets have been used as alternatives to rain gauge observations, but their applicability for a specific region should be thoroughly evaluated. This article aims at finding the most appropriate one for climatological and hydrological applications in Indonesia, by evaluating the statistics of the performance of eight different datasets (research products) having horizontal resolutions between 0.1 and 0.25 and with a time span of data availability from 2003 to 2015. The datasets are compared against the observed daily rainfall at 133 stations using 13 statistical metrics that can be classified into three groups with different characteristics of measurements, namely distribution, time sequence, and extreme value representations. By applying summation of rank (SR), it is found that MSWEP and TMPA 3B42 are the top two datasets that outperformed based on distribution and time sequence performance metric groups. The extreme performances for all datasets are still good in 75th percentiles; however, the performances decrease at more than 75th percentiles indicating still a poorly representation of daily extreme rainfall for all gridded datasets. Results of this study suggest that MSWEP (v2) is presently the best gridded precipitation datasets available for climatological and hydrological applications in Indonesia.
Clinical Characteristics, Treatment, and Visual Prognosis in Pediatric Endophthalmitis: A 232-Case Retrospective Study
Authors: Lv Fantao , Wang Haiyan , Zhang Dawei , Wu Shengwei
Published: May 2022

Objective. In infective endophthalmitis, once the patient’s vision is seriously damaged, the damage to children’s vision is particularly serious. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the etiology, epidemiology, treatment, and visual prognosis of children’s endophthalmitis and to conduct an in-depth analysis. Study Design. This study collected case data from the Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University in the period from January 1, 2002 to January 1, 2018. The basic conditions for inclusion in the collection range were patients who were less than or equal to 14 years old and had a history of infectious endophthalmitis. A retrospective study and analysis of etiology, epidemiology, treatment, and visual prognosis were performed. Kappa and Chi square test were used for statistical analysis. Results. A total of 232 cases were collected, with an average age of

6.33
±
2.89

years (range 8months to 14 years). The most common etiologies were ocular trauma (93.5%) and previous ocular surgery (5.2%). Overall, 81 samples were sent to the microbiology department for direct smear and culture, from which 21 organisms were isolated. 28 cases (39.5%) were culture-positive. The most organism was Gram-positive organisms. In treatment, the proportion of PPV use combined with silicone oil filling had increased gradually in three phases, while the other treatments were almost decreased or nearly similar. The final visual result is 22 (9.5) in 20/200 or better, 65 (28.0) in CF-20/200, 38 (16.4) in hand move (HM), 27 (11.6) in light perception (LP), 21 (9.1) in no light perception (NLP), and 59 (25.4) did not match (NM). Conclusion. Penetrating ocular trauma is the most common cause of infectious endophthalmitis in children. The detection rate of microorganisms is low and helpless for the treatment. In this study, it was found that despite the aggressive treatments such as antibacterial and vitrectomy, the ultimate improvement in vision was highly undesirable.
Effect of Core Strength Training on Rehabilitation of Chronic Low Back Pain in Aerobics Athletes
Authors: He Xi
Published: May 2022

Chronic low back pain, as a common disease of aerobics athletes, has caused a lot of problems for aerobics athletes, and core strength training can form a strong back muscle through the back muscle training to maintain support functions. Maximize the physiological function of the spine to achieve the effect of treating chronic low back pain. To this end, this article raises the effect of core strength training on the chronic low back pain of aerobics athletes. This article uses electric traction as a control and conducts research by setting up a control experiment. Clinically, the ODI questionnaire is a commonly used judgment criterion for the diagnosis of lumbar function. This article uses the ODI questionnaire as the judgment criterion. The research in this article found that after the experiment, the subjects with a significant decrease in the ODI questionnaire scores in the two groups in the three surveys after treatment were over 80% of the total number in each group, indicating that core strength training is the same as traction therapy. In terms of the effect of treating chronic low back pain, it has obvious effects, and the method in this article is significantly better.
Estimation of Aperture and Stiffness of Fractures under High Water Pressure Using Hydrological Data and Slurry Consolidating Body
Authors: Li Jianbo , Xu Yanchun
Published: May 2022

The fractured limestone aquifers under coal seams bring great threat to coal production, and grouting engineering before mining is usually used to seal the fractures and prevent water inrushes. However, the grouting mechanism is still a difficult issue since the hidden fissures cannot be observed. In this paper, two characteristics of fractures filled with high-pressure water, deformation, and stiffness are studied to seek some good explanations for grouting. First, an ideal flow model composed of a borehole and a fracture is established with the fracture aperture as the main variable. The estimation methods for the aperture of fractures with high-pressure water before grouting and the stiffness of the fracture filled with slurry consolidating body during high-pressure grouting are proposed, and the millimeter-scale solution of deformation is obtained by using hydrological data and slurry consolidating body. Then, the methods are used for the field grouting practice, and its applicable conditions are given. The estimated apertures of the fractures with high-pressure water range from 2.08 to 2.56 mm. Under the grouting pressure of 15 MPa and the designed slurry diffusion radius of 30 m, the normal stiffness of the fracture filled with slurry consolidating body ranges from 0.5 to 14.4 GPa/m. The results meet the positive relationship between normal stiffness and fracture aperture got by the literature data and can be used for the study of grouting effect of the hidden fractures, including the evaluation of strength and water resistance of the slurry consolidating body. Our method of estimating the aperture and stiffness of fractures is applicable when grouting is used in the fractured limestone aquifers with high water pressure under coal seams before mining.
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasite Infections and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women in Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Aschale Yibeltal , Minwuyelet Awoke , Akalu Tadesse Yirga , Talie Asmare
Published: May 2022

Background. Intestinal parasite infections are among the most common infections worldwide. They pose a high burden in pregnant women in developing countries causing maternal anemia, low birth weight, and prenatal mortality. This study is aimed at assessing intestinal parasite infection prevalence, species diversity, and associated factors among pregnant women. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women in Debre Elias district from March 2021 to July 2021. Three hundred sixty-three study participants meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled for the study, and all submitted the required amount and quality of stool specimen. Immediately after collection, macroscopic (gross) and microscopic (saline wet mount) examination of stool sample was performed to detect and identify intestinal parasites. The generated data were checked for completeness, coded, entered, and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, 2011) software. Binary logistic regression was applied to show significant association between dependent and independent variables. Statistically significant association was declared at a

P

value of < 0.05. Result. Of the study participants screened for intestinal parasite, 43.5% (158/363) were infected with at least one intestinal parasite. From the total positives, 40.5% (147/363) were mono and 3.0% (11/363) were double infections. Five intestinal parasite species were recorded, of which hookworm was the predominant, (65.2%, 103/158) followed by E. histolytica/dispar (12.7%, 20/158) and G. lamblia (11.4%, 18/158). Ascaris lumbricoides and Taenia species comprised the least percentage (1.9%, 3/158 each). Source of drinking water and occupation were identified as significant factors associated with intestinal parasite infection. Farmer pregnant women were 6.41 times (

AOR
=
6.41

, 95% CI: 1.05-39.16;

P
=
0.034

) more likely to be infected by intestinal parasites than their counterparts. Pregnant women who drank tape water were 0.52 times less (

AOR
=
0.52

, 95% CI: 0.30-0.88;

P
=
0.017

) likely to be infected by intestinal parasites. Conclusion. Intestinal parasite infections remained a serious health burden to pregnant women in the study area with the dominance of a hematophagous worm (hookworm). Community-based intestinal parasite screening and treatment are essential to alleviate the burden caused by intestinal parasite infections.
Clinical Accuracy of Instrument-Read SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Rapid Diagnostic Tests (Ag-IRRDTs)
Authors: Keskin Ali Umit , Ciragil Pinar , Topkaya Aynur Eren
Published: May 2022

This systematic review (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021282476) aims to collect and analyse current evidence on real-world performance based on clinical accuracy of instrument-read rapid antigen diagnostic tests (Ag-IRRDTs) for SARS-CoV-2 identification. We used PRISMA Checklist and searched databases (PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection and FIND) for publications evaluating the accuracy of SARS-CoV-2 Ag-IRRDTs as of 30 September 2021, and included 40 independent clinical studies resulting in 48 Ag-IRRDT datasets with 137,770 samples. Across all datasets, pooled Ag-IRRDT sensitivity was 67.1% (95% CI: 65.9%–68.3%) and specificity was 99.4% with a tight CI. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of SARS-CoV-2 Ag-IRRDTs did not demonstrate a significant superiority over SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests which do not require a reader instrument, even in the case where surveillance and screening datasets were excluded from the analysis. Nevertheless, they provide connectivity advantages and remove operator interface (in results-reading) issues. The lower sensitivity of certain brands of Ag-IRRDTs can be overcome in high prevalence areas with high frequency of testing. New SARS-CoV-2 variants are major concern for current and future diagnostic performance of these tests.
Biochemical Analysis of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Accessions in Southwest of Ethiopia
Authors: Bilate Daemo Berhanu , Belew Yohannes Derbew , Mulualem Beyene Tewodros , Gebreselassie Abtew Wosene
Published: May 2022

Cassava is a significant contributor to food security and an income source for smallholder farmers in southern Ethiopia. However, little research effort has been done so far based on designing field experiment samples for the biochemical composition of cassava accession at the country level. The study was conducted to assess the biochemical composition of cassava accessions in southwest Ethiopia. Flour samples from the storage roots of 64 cassava accessions were collected and were run in duplicates. Data on 13 biochemical characters were collected and analyzed using standard methods. The analysis of variance showed significant to very highly significant differences among the tested accessions for biochemical composition. The flour moisture ranged from 4.83–10.11%, dry matter (89.89-95.17%), organic matter (86.71–92.65%), ash (2.1–3.96%), fiber (1.14–3.00%), fat (0.26-1.4%), crude protein (1.28-2.86%), starch (65.1–74.2%), carbohydrate (81.29–87.94%), energy (341.44–367.61 kcal/100g DM), and cyanide (1.67–3.14). The highest GCV = 29.54% was shown for crude fat, followed by GCV = 16.94% for crude fiber, and GCV = 16.11% for tannin, whereas, among the characters, dry matter was observed to be the lowest (GCV = 0.84%). The GAM ranged from protein 0.30% to 54.94% for fat, while heritability ranged from flour moisture and dry matter (17.29%) to 84.88% for cyanide. The first five principal components explained 80.1% of the total variation, with PC I accounting for 37%, PC II 15.4%, PC III 11.6%, PC IV 8.4%, and PC V 8.20% of the total variation. This study found the presence of high biochemical variability among the tested accessions’ roots and could be used to select accessions with desirable biochemical composition in future breeding work.
Stromal p53 Regulates Breast Cancer Development, the Immune Landscape, and Survival in an Oncogene-Specific Manner
Authors: Wu Jinghai , Liu Xin , Reeser Julie A. Wallace , Trimboli Anthony J. , Pécot Thierry , Sizemore Gina M. , Naidu Shan K. , Fernandez Soledad A. , Yu Lianbo , Hallett Michael , Park Morag , Leone Gustavo W. , Hildreth Blake E. , Ostrowski Michael C.
Published: May 2022

Coevolution of tumor cells and adjacent stromal elements is a key feature during tumor progression; however, the precise regulatory mechanisms during this process remain unknown. Here, we show stromal p53 loss enhances oncogenic KrasG12D, but not ErbB2, driven tumorigenesis in murine mammary epithelia. Stroma-specific p53 deletion increases both epithelial and fibroblast proliferation in mammary glands bearing the KrasG12D oncogene in epithelia, while concurrently increasing DNA damage and/or DNA replication stress and decreasing apoptosis in the tumor cells proper. Normal epithelia was not affected by stromal p53 deletion. Tumors with p53-null stroma had a significant decrease in total, cytotoxic, and regulatory T cells; however, there was a significant increase in myeloid-derived suppressor cells, total macrophages, and M2-polarized tumor-associated macrophages, with no impact on angiogenesis or connective tissue deposition. Stroma-specific p53 deletion reprogrammed gene expression in both fibroblasts and adjacent epithelium, with p53 targets and chemokine receptors/chemokine signaling pathways in fibroblasts and DNA replication, DNA damage repair, and apoptosis in epithelia being the most significantly impacted biological processes. A gene cluster in p53-deficient mouse fibroblasts was negatively associated with patient survival when compared with two independent datasets. In summary, stroma-specific p53 loss promotes mammary tumorigenesis in an oncogene-specific manner, influences the tumor immune landscape, and ultimately impacts patient survival.

Implications:

Expression of the p53 tumor suppressor in breast cancer tumor stroma regulates tumorigenesis in an oncogene-specific manner, influences the tumor immune landscape, and ultimately impacts patient survival.
Biopsychosocial Correlates of Subjective Cognitive Decline and Related Worry in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: Hopper Shawna , Hammond Nicole G. , Taler Vanessa , Stinchcombe Arne
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD), a self-reported decline in cognition in otherwise cognitively healthy people, has been acknowledged as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. Using data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA), a large national study with participants’ ages of 45–85 years at baseline, we sought to identify correlates of SCD and SCD-related worry. Methods: In our primary analysis using a Poisson regression model, associations between biopsychosocial variables and SCD were identified (analytic sample: n = 21,920). In a second analysis using an ordinal regression model, associations between biopsychosocial variables and SCD-related worry were identified (analytic sample: n = 12,694). Results: Multiple risk and protective factors of cognitive decline were not associated with SCD within our sample (i.e., physical activity, hypertension, vision problems), as well as minority stress variables such as sexual orientation and race. Rather, psychosocial variables (i.e., depression, perceived social status, and personality traits) showed a more consistent association with SCD within the sample. Greater SCD-related worry, which is believed to increase the risk of future dementia, was associated with specific personality traits, depression, age, gender, and sexuality. Conclusion: The results from this study confirm the association between multiple health variables and SCD but also emphasize the importance of considering psychological and social factors when conceptualizing SCD and its risk factors.
Nipple Preservation through Partial Nipple Incision and Partial Areola Resection for a Breast Cancer Adjacent to the Nipple-Areolar Complex
Authors: Morita Taku , Oura Shoji , Makimoto Shinichiro
Published: May 2022

A 45-year-old woman with a tumor just beneath the left areola was referred to our hospital. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings made us perform a core needle biopsy of the tumor, leading to the diagnosis of invasive lobular carcinoma (cT1N0M0). MRI also depicted three daughter nodules located medially to the main tumor in a linear fashion. Patient’s strong request for nipple preservation made us try to resect the breast cancer in a manner to possibly preserve the nipple-areolar complex. First, to resect the target four tumors, medial horizontal skin incision at the nipple level and subsequent lower semicircular peri-areolar incision were done to the left breast. Second, small skin resection in a triangle shape and a radial fashion from the nipple bottom, i.e., orthogonal skin resection to the peri-areolar incision, was done to the areola just above the main tumor. Third, the triangle resection line was extended to the center of the parietal part of the nipple via a longitudinal skin incision on the lateral side of the nipple. Intra-nipple tissue adjacent to the sub-areolar tumor was resected as much as possible. Partially resected areola and partially incised nipple were sutured into the original shape. Pathological study showed invasive lobular carcinoma with lymphovascular invasion and widespread, i.e., total size of 60 mm, noninvasive lobular carcinoma and negative surgical margins in the nipple-areolar complex. The patient was discharged on the second day after operation, developed temporary superficial partial dermal necrosis of the nipple-areolar complex, and received adjuvant endocrine therapy, i.e., tamoxifen and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist scheduled for 10 years, and normofractionated radiotherapy to the conserved breast after full wound healing of the nipple-areolar complex.
Predictors of Awareness of Functional Ability in People with Dementia: The Contribution of Personality, Cognition, and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms – Findings from the IDEAL Program
Authors: Martyr Anthony , Gamble Laura D. , Nelis Sharon M. , Collins Rachel , Alexander Catherine M. , Morris Robin G. , Quinn Catherine , Pentecost Claire , Rusted Jennifer M. , Victor Christina , Thom Jeanette M. , Matthews Fiona E. , Clare Linda ,   on behalf of the IDEAL Study Team
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Discrepancy scores reflecting the difference between parallel ratings made by people living with dementia (PwD) in the mild-to-moderate stages and by their informants provide a way to investigate awareness of functional ability in relation to activities of daily living (ADL). Methods: Two measures of ADL (Functional Activities Questionnaire; Dependence Scale) were completed by 1,227 PwD and their informants in the IDEAL cohort study baseline assessment. Self-rated and informant-rated scores were used to calculate discrepancies, which were used as an indicator of awareness of functional ability. Smaller discrepancy scores were considered to reflect greater awareness on the part of PwD. PwD completed questionnaires on depression, personality, comorbidities, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and completed a measure of cognition. Informants provided ratings of stress. Univariable and multiple regressions were used to investigate factors related to ADL discrepancy. Results: A similar pattern of associations were found for both ADL discrepancy scores. Smaller discrepancy scores were associated with higher levels of depression, higher neuroticism, fewer neuropsychiatric symptoms, higher comorbidity, lower carer stress, and receipt of less than 1 hour of care per day from the informant. Discussion/Conclusion: There was a clear pattern of factors that were associated with greater awareness for both measures of functional ability. These factors associated with smaller discrepancy scores could be used to identify PwD who might benefit from targeted interventions to support their independence.
Combined Oral Triglyceride and Glucose Tolerance Test After Acute Ischemic Stroke to Predict Recurrent Vascular Events: The Berlin “Cream&Sugar” Study
Authors: Nave Alexander H. , Kaynak Nurcennet , Mai Knut , Siegerink Bob , Laufs Ulrich , Heuschmann Peter U. , Liman Thomas G. , Ebinger Martin , Endres Matthias
Published: May 2022

Background:

Elevated triglyceride and glucose levels are associated with an increased cardiovascular disease risk including ischemic stroke. It is not known whether the response to a combined oral triglyceride and glucose challenge after ischemic stroke improves identification of patients with increased risk for recurrent vascular events.

Methods:

The prospective, observational Berlin “Cream&Sugar” study was conducted at 3 different university hospital sites of the Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany, between January 24, 2009 and July 31, 2017. Patients with first-ever ischemic stroke were recruited 3 to 7 days after stroke. An oral triglyceride tolerance test (OTTT) and consecutive blood tests before (t
0
) as well as 3 (t
1
), 4 (t
2
), and 5 hours (t
3
) after OTTT were performed in fasting patients. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed in all nondiabetic patients 3 hours after the start of OTTT. Outcomes of the study were recurrent fatal or nonfatal stroke as well as a composite vascular end point including stroke, transient ischemic attack, myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, and cardiovascular death assessed 1 year after stroke. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios and corresponding 95% CIs between patients with high versus low levels of triglyceride and glucose levels.

Results:

Overall 755 patients were included; 523 patients completed OTTT and 1-year follow-up. Patients were largely minor strokes patients with a median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 1 (0–3). Comparing highest versus lowest quartiles of triglyceride levels, neither fasting (adjusted hazard ratio
t0
, 1.24 [95% CI, 0.45–3.42]) nor postprandial triglyceride levels (adjusted hazard ratio
t3
, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.16–1.25]) were associated with recurrent stroke. With regard to recurrent vascular events, results were similar for fasting triglycerides (adjusted hazard ratio
t0
, 1.09 [95% CI, 0.49–2.43]), however, higher postprandial triglyceride levels were significantly associated with a lower risk for recurrent vascular events (adjusted hazard ratio
t3
, 0.42 [95% CI, 0.18–0.95]). No associations were observed between fasting and post–oral glucose tolerance test blood glucose levels and recurrent vascular risk. All findings were irrespective of the diabetic status of patients.

Conclusions:

In this cohort of patients with first-ever‚ minor ischemic stroke, fasting triglyceride or glucose levels were not associated with recurrent stroke at one year after stroke. However, higher postprandial triglyceride levels were associated with a lower risk of recurrent vascular events which requires further validation in future studies. Overall, our results do not support the routine use of a combined OTTT/oral glucose tolerance test to improve risk prediction for recurrent stroke.
Description of a model tardigrade Paramacrobiotus metropolitanus sp. nov. (Eutardigrada) from Japan with a summary of its life history, reproduction and genomics
Authors: SUGIURA KENTA , MATSUMOTO MIDORI , KUNIEDA TAKEKAZU
Published: May 2022

The genus Paramacrobiotus was erected in 2009 from the genus Macrobiotus, and 43 Paramacrobiotus species have been described to date. Although the first genome sequence in the genus was reported for the TYO strain of Paramacrobiotus sp., which is a dioecious species and has five bivalent chromosomes, its precise taxonomic identification remained undetermined. Here, we report its morphology, confirming the presence of a microplacoid, cuticular bulge on the inner side of legs I–III, and granulation on the inner side of legs IV under both light and electron microscopy, and smooth areoles on the egg shell, indicating that it differs from other described species. In addition, the previously described karyotype 2n=10 of this strain is clearly distinct from other species of the genus Paramacrobiotus, supporting the hypothesis that the strain represents a new species. Molecular analyses for the small and large ribosomal subunit (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA), the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2) and cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) were also performed. The TYO strain is most similar in the analysed nuclear markers to Paramacrobiotus experimentalis Kaczmarek, Mioduchowska, Poprawa & Roszkowska, 2020 and Paramacrobiotus sp. strain MG.002 (p-distances in 18S rDNA: 0.53%, 28S rDNA: 0.98–1.12%, and ITS-2: 9.9%), which corroborates with the overall morphological similarity between these taxa. Despite the close relationship between the TYO strain and P. experimentalis, the genetic species delimitation based on molecular analysis indicates that the TYO strain indeed is a distinct species. Therefore, this tardigrade is described here as Paramacrobiotus metropolitanus sp. nov.
Discovery of a second species in the genus Microlontha Petrovitz, 1967 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae)
Authors: ULIANA MARCO , KEITH DENIS
Published: May 2022

A new species belonging to the poorly known genus Microlontha Petrovitz, 1967 is described from south-eastern Iran. Microlontha iranica Uliana & Keith, new species is different from the only other species of the genus chiefly for the strongly dentate margin of the clypeus and the color pattern.
Optimizing Spatial Quality Control for a Dense Network of Meteorological Stations
Authors: Alerskans Emy , Lussana Cristian , Nipen Thomas N. , Seierstad Ivar A.
Published: May 2022

Crowdsourced meteorological observations are becoming more prevalent and in some countries their spatial resolution already far exceeds that of traditional networks. However, due to the larger uncertainty associated with these observations, quality control (QC) is an essential step. Spatial QC methods are especially well suited for such dense networks since they utilize information from nearby stations. The performance of such methods usually depends on the choice of their parameters. There is, however, currently no specific procedure on how to choose the optimal settings of such spatial QC methods. In this study we present a framework for tuning a spatial QC method for a dense network of meteorological observations. The method uses artificial errors in order to perturb the observations to simulate the effect of having errors. A cost function, based on the hit and false alarm rate, for optimizing the spatial QC method is introduced. The parameters of the spatial QC method are then tuned such that the cost function is optimized. The application of the framework to the tuning of a spatial QC method for a dense network of crowdsourced observations in Denmark is presented. Our findings show that the optimal settings vary with the error magnitude, time of day, and station density. Furthermore, we show that when the station network is sparse, a better performance of the spatial QC method can be obtained by including crowdsourced observations from another denser network.
A Modeling Study of Typhoon Lekima (2019) with the Topographic Influence of Taiwan
Authors: Huang Ching-Yuang , Sha Sheng-Hao , Kuo Hung-Chi
Published: May 2022

The global model FV3GFS is used to simulate Typhoon Lekima (2019), which exhibited track deflection when approaching west-northwestward toward Taiwan. The model successfully simulates the observed northward deflection and the track deflection is produced by topographically induced wavenumber-1 flow with a pair of vorticity gyres around the typhoon center. The gyres tend to rotate counterclockwise about the typhoon center and thus induce an earlier northward and then westward movement. Azimuthal-mean kinetic energy budget of the typhoon indicates that the effect of Taiwan terrain modifies the correlation between the recirculating flow and pressure gradient force east of Taiwan, leading to a slight weakening of the typhoon during the later track deflection. The northward cyclonic deflection in general will be induced for a cyclone to move toward the central to northern terrain such as Lekima. The curvature of the northward cyclonic deflection, however, is large (small) for a northwestbound (nearly westbound) vortex depending on the track-topography-impinging angle. The curvature difference can be explained with the concept of recirculating flow, which is the flow splitting due to topography and rejoins the vortex to produce the wavenumber-1 asymmetry. The cyclonic track curvature of the northwestbound Lekima is larger than that of the westbound Maria (2018) in the FV3GFS simulations. This adds robustness to the conclusion that minor to moderate terrain-related track deflections can be well simulated by the FV3GFS global model near Taiwan.
The Characterization and Outcomes of Colorectal Malignancy in Patients ≤40 Years of Age: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Melendez-Rosado Jose , Castaneda Daniel , Strassmann Victor , Altinel Yuksel , Ioannidis Argyrios , Rhode Sara , Da Silva Giovanna , Wexner Steven D. , Lopez Rocio , Jimenez Brenda
Published: May 2022

Background

Implementation of screening modalities has led to a decreased incidence of colorectal malignancies. Unfortunately, overall incidence has remained unchanged as cases have increased in patients below the suggested screening age. Therefore, we evaluated characteristics and oncological outcomes of malignancies in patients ≤40 years of age.

Methods

Single-center retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of malignancies in patients ≤40 years evaluated in our institution between 2010 and 2016. Basic descriptors for demographic, clinical, histologic, and genetic data were collected. Disease-free survival (DFS) and 5-year overall survival (OS) were compared for patients between 30-40 years and <30 years.

Results

Fifty-six patients ≤40 years were identified, 44 of whom (96.5%) had adenocarcinomas. Most common malignancy location was the rectum (64.3%). Despite aggressive tumor characteristics such as moderate/poor differentiation (88.6%), lymphovascular invasion (26.8%), perineural invasion (21.4%), and advanced tumor stage T3/T4 (60.7%), OS rate was 94.6%. Both age groups had similar oncologic characteristics. There was a trend toward worse OS (2/11 and 1/45, P = .06) but not for DFS (7/11 and 15/43, P = .18) in patients <30 years of age compared to 30-40 years. There were no differences in OS (3/44 vs 0/88, P = .44) or DFS (17/42 vs 3/8, P = .80) between sporadic vs non-sporadic malignancies, respectively.

Conclusions

Patients ≤40 years of age with malignancy have advanced tumor stages and aggressive tumor characteristics at diagnosis. Although there is higher OS risk for patients <30 compared to those aged 30-40 years, no differences were found for DFS between these two groups.
Poverty in Arab-Palestinian society in Israel: Social work perspectives before and during COVID-19
Authors: Khoury Ensherah , Krumer-Nevo Michal
Published: May 2022

Arab-Palestinian families have one of the highest poverty rates in Israel. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding this population from a social work perspective. This article presents an analysis of 64 supervision sessions held with Arab-Palestinian social workers with the aim of identifying context-specific knowledge on the barriers service users face in their daily lives. Our findings point to three types of barriers: economic, sociopolitical, and cultural/political. The article relates to the intersections of these barriers before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Effect of stacking sequence of glass and jute fiber reinforced polymer composites on their low velocity impact properties
Authors: Pandian Amuthakkannan , Hameed Sultan Mohamed Thariq , Manikandan Vairavan , Marimuthu Uthayakumar , Kanagaraj Arun Prasath , Khan Tabrej
Published: May 2022

This paper investigated the effect of stacking sequence on the low velocity impact behavior of glass and jute fiber reinforced hybrid composites. The hand layup method is used to fabricate the composites with various stacking sequences. The low velocity impact analysis was carried out at various impact energies, namely 5 J, 10 J and 15 J. Dye penetrant inspection (liquid penetrate inspection) was performed to analyses the damage area in the composites. Compression after impact (CAI) testing was conducted to study the compression strength of the composites after the impact. The study revealed that the jute fiber composites exhibited better results in terms of energy absorption, but the damage area of the composites was higher, compared to the other specimens fabricated. Meanwhile, hybrid composite S7 presented high energy absorption and the minimum damage area. To conclude, the hybrid composite S7 appeared to have the optimum formulation, showing better results in energy absorption, with lower damage and higher compression strength.
Oil Crops and Social Conflict: Evidence From Indonesia
Authors: Grasse Donald
Published: May 2022

When do agricultural transformations impact social stability? Cash crops are typically associated with economic prosperity and social peace. I argue agricultural booms may spur violent conflict over resource allocation by pitting would-be producers against incumbent landowners when the gains from production are concentrated and the negative externalities are diffuse. I study the rapid expansion of oil palm in Indonesia, a growingly important crop in the global economy. I find when oil palm grows more valuable and expands within producing districts, violent resource conflicts increase. The positive relationship does not exist for other cash crops, nor other types of conflict, and is moderated by the presence of sustainability certified processing mills. The results connect commodity shocks to non-state violence over resources, and suggest land use change is an important mechanism connecting agricultural booms to social conflict.
Of Love and Death: Death Anxiety, Attachment, and Suicide as Experienced by College Students
Authors: Harvell-Bowman Lindsey A. , Critchfield Kenneth L. , Ndzana Fabrice , Stucker Eliza , Yocca Christina , Wilgus Kezziah , Hurst Amanda , Sullivan Kelsey
Published: May 2022

Drawing from the mental health crisis present on college campuses, we investigate the psychological processes associated with suicidal ideation among undergraduate students. Specifically, we used Terror Management Theory to investigate how individuals who have a history of suicidal ideation handle traditional death anxiety in coordination with Benjamin’s theory underlying Interpersonal Reconstructive Therapy to explore specific attachment-based mechanisms that may allow for exceptions to the perceived meaning of death. Results show it was the fantasy of suicide itself, including its relevance in the lives of others, that was used to alleviate fear of death among the suicidal.
How Bereaved Parents Experience Public, Self Stigma Years After a Child’s Death
Authors: Heo So Jung , Kim Young Ae , Lee Dong Hun , Shin Ji Young
Published: May 2022

This study identifies the stigma experienced by 12 bereaved parents 2 and 5 years after losing a child in the Sewol ferry disaster in South Korea. Using thematic analysis, we categorized the experience of stigma into two components based on Corrigan and Kosyluk’s social cognitive model of stigma: public stigma and self-stigma, and each was analyzed into three types of stigma: stereotype, prejudice, and discrimination. We identified four additional factors related to stigma mitigation. The potential implications for characterizing the experiences of bereaved parents, particularly those facing stigma, are discussed in light of these findings in the longitudinal perspective.
What does research say about the texts we use in elementary school?
Authors: Smith Kristin Conradi , Hiebert Elfrieda H.
Published: May 2022

Much of the attention given to literacy, of late, has focused on ensuring that students can read, without consideration to what they are given to read. Kristin Conradi Smith & Elfrieda H. Hiebert discuss four general aspects of the texts used in elementary classrooms – text complexity, text type (narrative versus informational), text format (paper versus screen), and diversity of people presented in the text. They review recent research on each of these text characteristics and then make suggestions for how to apply the research in the classroom.
Making sense of reading’s forever wars
Authors: Durán Leah , Hikida Michiko
Published: May 2022

Recent stories raising the alarm about students’ poor reading skills and calling for greater attention to the “science of reading” represent the latest round in the ongoing “reading wars.” Going back at least as far as the 1950s, scholars, pundits and policy makers have debated which teaching strategies are most successful at helping students become proficient readers. However, Leah Durán and Michiko Hikida argue that these debates fail to get at the root issues behind students’ poor reading performance. Even when schools with the lowest reading scores implement science-backed pedagogical approaches, these shifts do not make up for structural inequalities in facilities, resources, and teacher quality. Reading scores reflect problems rooted in class and race inequalities that cannot be resolved through pedagogy alone.
Toward a purpose-first model of postsecondary support
Authors: Greenfeld Jeremy S.
Published: May 2022

Preparing students for postsecondary life is among the most important roles that a high school plays. And yet, how schools approach this work, what schools should be preparing students for, and who should be responsible for this work have long been contested. Jeremy Greenfield draws on an emerging body of psychological literature exploring purpose and offers a new way to conceive of postsecondary preparation. Rather than focusing solely on college or career preparation, high schools ought to support students to identify their interests and build an emergent set of long term goals as part of purpose-first model of postsecondary support.
Reimagining American Education: Possible Futures
Authors: Darling-Hammond Linda
Published: May 2022

Linda Darling-Hammond concludes the Kappan series on the future of education with a review of why the education system is fraught with inequities. She then recommends a series of policies that could bring about lasting change. These include creating organizational structures in which all communities can thrive, ensuring that every school provides a healthy setting to learn and develop, and preparing and enabling educators to provide both academic and developmental support.
First Person: The teacher who showed up for me
Authors: Owlett Wade
Published: May 2022

When Wade Owlett was eight years old, he was struggling in school, and his parents decided to change his educational setting so he could receive more support. There, his teacher, Mrs. Mickey, saw past his brokenness and gave him the help he needed. In this First Person piece, Owlett reflects on what his experiences as a student from a poor family taught him about the value of showing up for students in similar situations.
Under the Law: Wanted: American educator
Authors: Kim Robert
Published: May 2022

A recent series of bills subject educators to fines, or even jail time, for conduct lawmakers find acceptable, such as assisting transgender students with gender transition, offering potentially “harmful” material in school libraries, or teaching “critical race theory.” These laws enable private citizens to sue educators who engage in these activities for damages, essentially acting as “bounty hunters” who enforce the law when the state cannot. Robert Kim discusses the precedents behind such third-party enforcement and considers whether educators’ fears of rampant litigation are overblown.
Promise Into Practice: Application of Computer Vision in Empirical Research on Social Distancing
Authors: Bernasco Wim , M. Hoeben Evelien , Koelma Dennis , Liebst Lasse Suonperä , Thomas Josephine , Appelman Joska , Snoek Cees G. M. , Lindegaard Marie Rosenkrantz
Published: May 2022

Social scientists increasingly use video data, but large-scale analysis of its content is often constrained by scarce manual coding resources. Upscaling may be possible with the application of automated coding procedures, which are being developed in the field of computer vision. Here, we introduce computer vision to social scientists, review the state-of-the-art in relevant subfields, and provide a working example of how computer vision can be applied in empirical sociological work. Our application involves defining a ground truth by human coders, developing an algorithm for automated coding, testing the performance of the algorithm against the ground truth, and running the algorithm on a large-scale dataset of CCTV images. The working example concerns monitoring social distancing behavior in public space over more than a year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, we discuss prospects for the use of computer vision in empirical social science research and address technical and ethical challenges.
Acquisition of Eegimaa (Atlantic family, Niger-Congo) in a polyadic environment: A commentary on Kidd and Garcia (2022)
Authors: Sagna Serge , Vihman Virve , Brown Dunstan
Published: May 2022

Research on lesser studied languages is vital for the advancement of theories of language acquisition. We discuss two areas where data from Eegimaa have the potential to produce innovative research: (1) language typology, with an overview of the complex demonstratives found in this language, and (2) learning environment and input speech. Here, we show that Eegimaa children learn to speak in a polyadic environment, where they receive input from multiple caregivers, siblings and other members of their community.
Some concrete steps for journal editorial boards: A commentary on Kidd and Garcia (2022)
Authors: Arunachalam Sudha , Deen Kamil Ud , Huang Yi Ting , Lidz Jeffrey , Miller Karen , Ota Mitsuhiko , Szendroi Kriszta
Published: May 2022

As members of the editorial team at Language Acquisition, we read Kidd and Garcia’s target article with enthusiasm. In our commentary, we outline some specific ideas for how journals can help to alleviate the issues raised by Kidd and Garcia, some of which are in progress or in place at Language Acquisition, and some of which we hope to undertake alongside other journals in the field. We focus on concrete steps, acknowledging that systemic changes, too, will be required to ensure that our science reflects the diversity of languages learned.
Translating reports: School psychologists, knowledge-making and pedagogy
Authors: Lindelauf Joanne
Published: May 2022

This paper is a post-qualitative inquiry (PQI) exploring how, and with what effect, school psychologists support the translation of psychoeducational reports into pedagogy for children who experience learning difficulties. Using the knowledge-making practices of three Australian school psychologists, and my own experience as a practicing school psychologist, Rhodes & Lancaster’s (2019) evidence-making framework is utilised to analyse reports through the theoretical perspectives of relational materialism. This analysis suggests acts of translation are produced by the way in which the authoring psychologist is positioned within relational assemblages of material (e.g., report format) and psychosocial (e.g., beliefs) components found at the intersection of education and psychology. By evidencing the utility of reports through theory and practice, the inquiry illustrates how the practical meaning, value and effect of reports is not pre-determined and fixed. Instead, it suggests their utility is relational and dependent on context-specific conditions and the way in which school psychologists respond within these conditions. Implications for practice are discussed.
Setting struggle in motion: From ‘non-violence’ to revolutionary anti-violence
Authors: Cornell Drucilla , Seely Stephen D
Published: May 2022

In light of the rising anti-racist and decolonial struggles breaking out in the world, this essay seeks to displace the theoretical dichotomy between ‘violence’ and ‘non-violence’. We begin by revisiting Arendt and Fanon to argue that within the conditions of colonial-racial capitalism, ‘non-violence’ is merely a theoretical abstraction. Building on Fanon, who understands decolonial struggle as setting the ‘atmospheric violence’ of colonization into motion toward a new humanity, we develop our own vocabulary of revolutionary anti-violence that replaces a static dichotomy with a spectrum of spontaneous insurrectional activity, non-retaliatory anti-violence, self-defense, and offensive armed struggle. From these, we reinterpret various struggles and distinguish them from terrorism. By centralizing anti-violence as an ethical ideal and political struggle, we aim to overcome the unproductive pitting of ‘good’ (non-violent) movements from ‘bad’ (violent or terrorist) ones and offer a political theory of violence more appropriate to our times.
Factor Structure of the Telugu Version of the COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10-C) Administered on Grassroots Frontline Health Care Workers of Rural Telangana
Authors: Tikka Sai Krishna , Malathesh Barikar C , Bhatia Vikas , Sahoo Durgesh Prasad , Sreepada Nuthan , Meena Suraj Kumar
Published: May 2022

Background:

During the COVID-19 pandemic, perceived stress is an important determinant of mental health problems, especially in health care workers (HCW). By and large, regional language tools to assess perceived stress in the context of the pandemic have not been validated in India. We aim to explore the factor structure of the Telugu translated version of the COVID-19 pandemic-related Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10-C) administered on grassroots frontline HCW of rural Telangana, India.

Methods:

Data relating to 311 grassroots frontline HCW consisting of accredited social health activists (ASHA), multipurpose health workers (MPHW), and auxiliary nurse and midwives (ANMs) working in rural primary health centers (PHC) in five districts of Telangana were analyzed. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted to identify latent factors. Convergent validity was assessed by computing Pearson product-moment correlations between the scores of PSS-10-C and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scales.

Results:

The principal component analysis showed that the 10 items of the scale were significantly loaded by two latent factors with eigen values of 2.792 and 2.009, respectively. Factor solution showed that six and four items correlated with each of the two factors, respectively. Significant correlations between PSS-10-C, GAD-7, and PHQ-9 scores showed convergent validity. The two factors may represent substantive factors “perceived self-efficacy” and “perceived helplessness.” There may be an influence of the reverse-coded method on the factor solution.

Conclusion:

The Telugu translated version of PSS-10-C holds fair-to-good psychometric properties.