bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TO STUDY THE ANTINOCICEPTIVE EFFECT OF CINNARIZINE ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH TRAMADOL IN ALBINO RATS BY TAIL FLICK METHOD
Authors: Kumar Rajiv , Shakeel Aasim , Gari Manju , Keshri Uma Shankar Prasad
Published: February 2020

Background: Pain is the most common reason for physician consultation in most countries. It is a major symptom in many medical conditions, and can interfere with a person's quality of life and general functioning. Acute pain is usually managed with medications such as analgesics and anesthetics. Cinnarizine is a piperazine derivative and Tramadol is an opioid analgesic. Cinnarizine is also a calcium channel blocker. So, in the present study an attempt has been made to access the antinociceptive activity of Cinnarizine alone & in combination with standard drug Tramadol with the hope of pharmacological synergism and better relief from pain.

Material & Methods: 4 rats in 6 groups were weighed & colour coded. Basal reaction time to radiant heat was taken. Tail withdrawal time was recorded as the end point. Reaction time was taken at 0, 30 & 60 minutes on day 0, 7, 14, 21 & 28.

Result: All observation were done by the ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey’s. It is seen that Cinnarizine alone (in both doses) has antinociceptive activity but that is not statistically significant. But when it is given along with Tramadol it potentiates antinociceptive activity of Tramadol which is statistically significant.

Conclusion: The result of this study conclude that Cinnarizine alone has antinociceptive activity in both doses (i.e 2.5mg/kg & 5mg/kg) but it is statistically not significant. Tramadol shows higher antinociception with Cinnarizine in dose of 5mg/kg than with 2.5mg/kg.

Keywords: Antinociception, Cinnarizine, Tramadol, Tail flick test, Albino rats
Short-term safety and beneficial effects of hydroxyurea therapy in children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Somkuwar Anand Suresh , Bokade Chandrakant M , Merchant Saira , Meshram Rajkumar , Mahalinge Manisha , Somkuwar Tushar Suresh
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Worldwide, sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common hemoglobinopathy among which SS pattern is more common. Although hydroxyurea (HU) is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of recurrent moderate-to-severe painful crises in pediatric sickle cell anemia, there is a fear of toxicities. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to evaluate the short-term safety and beneficial effects of low-dose HU therapy in SCD (SS pattern) children. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study enrolled 40 cases of severe SCD and started HU in a fixed dose of 10 mg/kg/day. During follow-up, cases were evaluated for compliance of HU, its toxic effects and adverse events from their histories, clinical examinations, and laboratory parameters. Furthermore, beneficial effects of HU therapy were evaluated by assessing blood transfusion rate, frequency of painful events, strokes, acute chest syndrome, avascular necrosis of femur, and estimation of hemoglobin F (HbF) level after 2 years of therapy. HU was discontinued temporarily if any toxicity or minor adverse drug events occurred during therapy and was restarted at the same dose after normalization of deranged laboratory parameters. Results: The clinical adverse drug events seen were nausea (8.33%), diarrhea (2.78%), and hematuria (2.78%). The most common hematological toxicity was anemia and thrombocytopenia. Renal and hepatic toxicities were transient in nature. The mean acute painful events and blood transfusion rate reduced significantly on HU therapy. It increased Hb and HbF level significantly in SCD children. Conclusion: HU is a safe drug without significant toxicity or adverse events in a dose of 10 mg/kg/day for short duration and it is beneficial in SCD (SS pattern) children in reducing acute painful events and decrease blood transfusion rate.
(In)Justice of Environmental Protection
Authors: Berdica Josip , Pranić Toni
Published: February 2020

Environmental issues are among the most critical scientific and social problems of today. The human environment is an environment of inequality and crisis, and a platform for debate on the fairness of social order. The crisis is the result of human behaviour, which reflects the failure of development and unjust distribution of consequences. The gap between rich and poor on a global scale is evident in the disproportionate climate change impacts on countries and their ability to cope. In this respect, the economic and political inequalities between First and Third World countries are fortified by ecological ones. The development of international environmental mechanisms such as the Kyoto Agreement is instrumental in this kind of change. The pursuit of tackling and controlling climate change has its unforeseen consequences, whereas in specific communities the existent inequalities are emphasised in new forms. If mechanisms developed for the environment, such as the market of carbon emissions and the carbon balance, lead to environmental injustice and disproportionately affects vulnerable groups, it raises the question of their purpose. On the path of Rawl’s idea on the fairness of social institutions, such system demonstrates itself as contradictory and unjust.
The end of War, the end of persecution? Post-World War II collective anti-Jewish violence in Slovakia
Authors: Lônčíková Michala
Published: February 2020

Contrary to the previous political regime of the Slovak state (1939–1945), official policy had significantly changed in the renewed Czechoslovakia after the end of World War II, but anti-Jewish sentiments and even their brachial demonstrations somewhat framed the everyday reality of Jewish survivors who were returning to their homes from liberated concentration camps or hiding places. Their attempts to reintegrate into the society where they had used to live regularly came across intolerance, hatred and social exclusion, further strengthened by classical anti-Semitic stereotypes and prejudices. Desired capitulation of Nazi Germany and its satellites resulted also in the end of systematic Jewish extermination, but it did not automatically lead to a peaceful everyday life. This paper focuses on the social dynamics between Slovak majority society and the decimated Jewish minority in the first post-World War II years and analyses some crucial factors, particular motivations and circumstances of the selected acts of collective anti-Jewish violence in Slovakia. Moreover, the typological diversity of the specific collective atrocities will be discussed.
Desafios em adequar o ensino a distância em um aprendizado sem “distância”
Authors: Batista Carlos
Published: February 2020

O presente estudo visa discutir, de forma breve, sobre o panorama atual da modalidade de ensino a distância, sua história, desafios e propostas tanto sob à ótica do professor como também a partir da do aluno, com o objetivo de obter aprimoramentos nos métodos de ensino atuais. O artigo também aborda as gerações do Ensino EAD e suas principais características e finaliza relatando as dificuldades tantos dos alunos que optam por este tipo de ensino como também dos docentes e tutores que aceitam o desafio de ensinar conceitos por meio de plataformas de ensino a distância. É cada vez mais presente docentes e discentes que optam por quebrar e desmistificar o paradigma tradicional da sala presencial migrando para à sala virtual com contatos pedagógicos remotos. As considerações finais chamam atenção acerca das necessidades do aluno em buscar, incessantemente, a motivação, a disciplina e o engajamento nos estudos o qual está vinculado, as mesmas qualidades devem servir de estímulo para os docentes e tutores EAD, cujo papel é importantíssimo para com seus alunos e fundamental para continuidade e aprimoramento deste modelo de ensino
Research on the effectiveness and safety of kinesiotaping in middle-aged and elderly military patients for reducing acute and chronic myofascial pain
Authors: Bunin A. V.
Published: February 2020

Introduction. In a medical center for rehabilitation treatment, the vast majority of military patients are people of middle age (45–59 years according to the WHO classifi cation) and older. Many of them participated in combat activities, special operations, and had injuries of various limitation periods. With age, the number of degenerative changes in the connective tissue, musculoskeletal system, and nervous system increases, which creates biomechanical conditions for the occurrence of acute and chronic pain syndrome of varying intensity. The goal of research — to study the effectiveness and safety of kinesiotherapy in patients of middle and older age groups with acute and chronic pain syndrome.

Materials and methods. From February 2017 to July 2018, a prospective study was carried out in the Medical Center for Rehabilitation Treatment (Korolev), P. V. Mandryka Central Military Clinical Hospital. Patient selection and sampling was carried out by the continuous method. 154 military patients underwent treatment at the Medical Center for Rehabilitation Treatment (Korolev), P. V. Mandryka Central Military Clinical Hospital under our supervision. All patients suffered from acute and chronic pain. Kinesiotherapy was used as a treatment method. All patients were assessed for the severity of pain before treatment, on the fi rst and fi fth days. The safety of the method was evaluated by observing local irritation reactions and systemic allergic reactions.

Results. Kinesiotherapy in the treatment of military patients with acute and chronic pain syndrome allows to reduce the severity of pain, in accordance with the results of the assessment on the fi rst and the fi fth days (differences are statistically signifi cant, p<0,05, Student′s t-test). This treatment method showed high (69,4 %) effectiveness and safety (not a single case of systemic allergic reactions, 4,1 % of cases with local irritation reactions).

Conclusion. This treatment method can be used in cases of acute and chronic myofascial pain syndrome in a hospital setting in middle-aged and older patients. Its use is possible both for quick and prolonged improvement (during 5 days) of the patients′ condition.
Role of companies’ size in socio-economic
development of regions in the Czech Republic
Authors: Redlichová Radka , Chmelíková Gabriela , Blažková Ivana , Tamáš Vojtěch
Published: February 2020

The aim of this paper is to investigate socio-economic development drivers of NUTS 3 regions in the Czech Republic. The aim is fulfilled by examination of the relationship
between one of the regional development factors – the companies’ size structure
and the development of the region from both socio and economic views. We derive
from the theory of diversification and prior empirical findings, and empirically test the role of companies’ size in regional development. We use a balanced dataset of 14 regions covering the years 2000 – 2016 that provides the information about regions’ socio-economic performance in terms of GDP and unemployment rate. We hypothesise that unemployment rate in the regions with higher share of small firms is less sensitive to the general trend of the whole economy. However, the higher share of small firms leads to improved regional GDP. Our findings confirm that small firms accelerate economic growth while playing a role of a social stabiliser in Czech regions. Our conclusions could help in designing the regional policy in the Czech Republic.
The possibility of using a water body for economic activities
Authors: Shcherbakov Alexey , Zhezmer Valentin
Published: February 2020

Varying interpretation of fundamental water use legislation regulations and guidelines very often becomes the main reason of matter of controversy cases arising during the water object use determination. Legal matters not infrequently involve the items of water object status and riparian right. Parties to a dispute deal with the issue of privatization in order to get the legal obligation for further investing. It should be mentioned that the sound water use of small artificial water bodies by private owners for the purpose of fish farming development is also practically assured. The employees of FSBSI «VNIIGiM n.a. A.N. Kostyakova» were suggested to analyze in details the hydrological characteristic of the small artificial water body (in Klinskiy district of Moscow Oblast) in order to create its optimal exploitation guidelines. The main goal of this research is to prove the right object status of its usage in accordance with the Water Code and the Legislation of the Russian Federation. As a result of this investigation: field studies conducting, hydraulic connection determination, existing law-creating instruments and regulatory legal acts – detailed study of pond – reservoir criteria and a list of potential usage possibilities of the investigated water object were fulfilled.
Exploración de los estilos de aprendizaje de inglés y la asimilación del conocimiento del estudiante
Authors: Garrido Valle Abigail Dioselina , Basantes Arias Elsa Amalia , Escobar Murillo María Guadalupe
Published: February 2020

La presente investigación fue determinar, identificar, analizar y establecer los estilos de aprendizaje aplicados en la asimilación de conocimientos de la asignatura del Idioma Ingles; teniendo en consideración que su desconocimiento genera dificultades tanto en el desarrollo de la asignatura como en la generación de un aprendizaje significativo de los estudiantes del Noveno y Décimo Nivel de Educación General Básica de la Unidad Educativa “Liceo policial Chimborazo” durante el año lectivo 2015-2016 en la ciudad de Riobamba. Este estudio fue de tipo cualitativo, de nivel exploratorio, bibliográfico y de campo. El método cualitativo empleado fue el etnográfico, el mismo que permitió realizar el estudio en un contexto directo y natural. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó la técnica de la observación y como instrumento una ficha que fue elaborada por un grupo de colaboradores expertos en el área. El instrumento fue validado y aplicado a los estudiantes y docentes. Los datos tabulados, analizados e interpretados permitieron concluir que el estilo de aprendizaje predominante en el grupo de estudiantes analizado, fue el pragmático reflexivo que influyó de manera positiva en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje para la asimilación de conocimientos del Idioma Inglés.
Análisis de patrones de características de especies andinas de las reservas Chimborazo y Sangay utilizando el método k-means clustering
Authors: Paguay Soxo Paúl Xavier , Idrobo Cárdenas Janneth Ximena , Buñay Guisñan Pamela Alexandra , Flores Orozco Angel Patricio
Published: February 2020

A lo largo de los años, los investigadores han reconocido la importancia del estudio de los páramos y su conservación, tanto por su impacto en la provisión de agua para las ciudades, así como su potencialidad turístico y biodiversidad. El objetivo de la presente investigación es realizar un análisis de patrones presente en las características de las diferentes especies de la región andina de las reservas Chimborazo y Parque Nacional Sangay. Para el análisis se recolectó 67 muestras de diferentes especies en ambas reservas, de las cuales se realizaron mediciones de hojas, planta y flores, posteriormente se aplicó algoritmos de aprendizaje no supervisado de machine learning denominado k-means clustering utilizando como lenguaje de programación a Python. Al finalizar el proceso de agrupamiento de las especies, arrojó como resultado la obtención de tres categorías de acuerdo a la relación existente entre las características de cada especie, siendo dos componentes los más importantes para la categorización, estas fueron el alto de la planta así como el alto de la hoja.
Alternativa de crecimiento económico en el cantón Chambo mediante el proyecto de factibilidad de la planta de enfriamiento de leche
Authors: Oleas Carrillo Edwin Rafael Oleas Carrillo , Velasco Matveev Luis Antonio Velasco Matveev , Benavides Lara Julio Cesar , Burgos Mejía María Augusta
Published: February 2020

Las acciones agropecuarias son una fuente primordial de la economía ecuatoriana. En el cantón Chambo, perteneciente a la provincia de Chimborazo, ubicado a 17 km de la ciudad de Riobamba; la agricultura, la ganadería, la producción de leche, la elaboración de ladrillos y tejas artesanalmente, son ejes de vital importancia pues generan gran impacto en el desarrollo local y regional.

Con 65 familias como socios dinámicos, la Asociación Agropecuaria San Antonio de Guayllabamba, se dedica a la producción y comercialización de leche.

La industria ecuatoriana se caracteriza por producir leche cruda, que según el BCE (2016) en el último año obtuvo un 3,5% de incremento en la producción diaria de litros, catalogándose la región sierra como la más relevante de este sector alimenticio.

El presente proyecto busca evaluar la factibilidad de una planta de enfriamiento de leche como una alternativa de crecimiento económico en la Asociación San Antonio de Guayllabamba, de manera que los indicadores económicos unitarios permitan resaltar el manejo de una producción sostenible y al mismo tiempo se mantengan las exigencias económicas, sociales, tecnológicas y ambientales por lo que la presente investigación es de carácter explicativa, hipotética deductiva, histórica lógica y analítica sintética en la cual la observación directa y la encuesta fueron las técnicas de recolección de datos.

En el proceso de investigativo se consideró lineamientos de Gestión y Desarrollo Empresarial, conjuntamente con la economía social. En la principal búsqueda de trabajo se determinó que la planta de enfriamiento de leche ayudará a incrementar los ingresos económicos de los asociados, generando así un comportamiento positivo de los productores hacia el desarrollo económico que desean alcanzar para mejorar su calidad de vida.
Head and Neck Cancer - Bangladesh Perspective
Authors: Hanif Md Abu
Published: February 2020

Abstract not available
Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2018; 24(1): 1-2
Dexamethasone is cost-effective alternative to ondansetron in preventing Post-Operative Nausea and Vomiting
Authors: Hossain Muhammad Sazzad , Rahman Md Afzalur , Rashid Mamunur , Alamgir Mahiuddin , Md Waliullah - , Babu Anisur Rahman , Saha Devashis
Published: February 2020

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common complication of anesthesia and surgery. Numerous anti-emetics have been studied to prevent and treat PONV.
Methods: This study evaluated the antiemetic efficacy, cost-effectiveness and clinical utility of prophylactic dexamethasone and ondansetron compared with placebo in prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after ENT surgery in 90 patients.
Results: The incidence of PONV was significantly greater in placebo group than dexamethasone group and ondansetron group (p<0.05). The incidence in the dexamethasone group 10% and ondansetron group 26.66% were comparable p>0.05. The incidence of early (0-6 h) PONV was significantly lower in dexamethasone group and ondansetron group than the placebo group (p <0.05). The early incidence was comparable in the dexamethasone (10%) and ondansetrone (13.33%) group( p>0.05). The incidence of PONV in the late postoperative period (6-24 h) was significantly lower in the dexamethasone group (3.33%) than the ondansetron group (23.33%) P<0.05.
Conclusion: Both dexamethasone and ondansetron were more effective than placebo in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting after ENT surgery but dexamethasone was more effective, less expensive and safer than ondansetron, therefore, it may be better substitute for ondansetron.
Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2018; 24(1): 14-21
Role of intranasal fluticasone furoate spray in modifying quality of life of children with adenoid hypertrophy
Authors: Islam Md Mazharul , Karim AKM Rezaul , Habib Md Ahsanul , Zaman Nafisa , Hasan Md Tanvir
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Symptoms of adenoid hypertrophy is commonly seen among the pediatric age group. Since the surgical approach for this on immunity is controversial, the study was planned out to appraise the outcome of intranasal Fluticasone Furoate spray use.
Objective:To find out the efficacy of Fluticasone Furoate nasal spray in reducing clinical symptoms due to enlarged adenoid.
Methods: The prospective observational study was conducted in the Rangpur Medical College Hospital between April 2017 to August 2017 among 64 patients aged 4-15 years. Improvement on clinical symptoms was assessed by the structured OSA-18 questionnaire.
Results: At the end of 4 weeks, statistically significant improvement (p < 0.001) was observed in nearly all the domains of among the 64 participants. The average total score showed improvement from 60.95 to 46.37.
Conclusion:The use of fluticasone furoate nasal spray considered to be useful in reducing clinical symptoms of adenoid hypertrophy among children.
Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2018; 24(1): 22-28
Controlled Hypotension for Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Comparative study of Dexmedetomidine and Esmolol
Authors: Shaheen Md Shafiul Alam , Chowdhury AKM Nurnobi , Sardar Kawsar , Rahman Mushfiqur , Biswas Sudhangshu Shekhar , Taous Ahmmad
Published: February 2020

Background: Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) requires effective control of bleeding for better visibility of the operating field and reduced risk of injury to the optic nerve or the internal carotid artery. Controlled hypotension is a technique used to limit intraoperative blood loss to provide the best possible field for surgery.
Objectives: Our study is undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of dexmedetomidine as a hypotensive agent in comparison to esmolol in Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS).
Methods: Sixty (60) patients 20 – 50 years of age, ASA I/II scheduled for FESS were randomly assigned to two equal groups of 30 patients each. Patients of group D received dexmedetomidine 1µg/kg over 10 min before induction of anesthesia followed by 0.4 – 0.8 µg/kg/hr infusion during maintenance and group E received esmolol loading dose 1mg/kg was infused over one min followed by 0.4 – 0.8 mg/kg/hr infusion during maintenance to maintain mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) between (55 – 65 mmHg). The surgical field was assessed using Average Category Scale and average blood loss was calculated. Hemodynamic variables (MAP, HR); intraoperative fentanyl consumption and total recovery from anesthesia (Aldrete’s score ≥9) were recorded. Sedation score was determined at 10, 20, 30, 40 & 60 min after tracheal extubation and time to first analgesic demand was also recorded.
Results:In both group D and group E reached the desired MAP (55–65 mmHg) with no inter group difference in MAP or HR. Mean intraoperative fentanyl consumption was significantly lower in group D than group E. Recovery time to achieved Aldrete’s score ≥9 were significantly lower in group E compared with group D.The sedation score were significantly lower in group E compared with group D at 10 minutes, 20 minutes and 30 minutes postoperatively. Time to first analgesic demand was significantly longer in group D.
Conclusion: The result of this study showed that both dexmedetomidine and esmolol can be used as agents for controlled hypotension and are effective in providing ideal surgical field during FESS. But dexmedetomidine offers the advantage of inherent analgesic, sedative and anesthetic sparing effect.
Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2018; 24(1): 37-49
Congenital bilateral choanal atresia- Endonasal endoscopic surgery- Report of two cases
Authors: Rahman Sheikh Hasanur , Ali Mohammad Idrish , Tarafder Kamrul Hasan , Rahman Md Habibur , Begum Rokeya
Published: February 2020

Congenital choanal atresia (CCA) is the development failure of the nasal cavity to communicate with nasopharynx. It is an uncommon congenital anomaly of nose with an incidence of approximately 1 in 5000-7000 live births. Choanal atresia is caused by failure of resorption of the nasobuccal membrane during embryonic development. Choanal atresia has a significant association with CHARGE syndrome. Surgical intervention is recommended in the first weeks of life in bilateral cases because this is a life threatening condition. Two cases of congenital bilateral choanla atresia (CCA) was admitted in the department of Otolaryngology & Head-Neck Surgery at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) with the complaints of intermittent attacks of cyanosis, dyspnea, respiratory distress and history of inability to take feeds. On examination both babies had respiratory distress, mucoid discharge from both nasal cavities. A soft rubber catheter was passed into both nares revealed the diagnosis of bilateral CCA which was confirmed by flexible nasoendoscopy. Bilateral CCA was managed with a nasopharyngeal airway. Surgery is the definitive treatment with two main approaches namely transnasal and transpalatal. We discuss successful management of two neonates with bilateral CCA by endonasal endoscopic approach.
Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2018; 24(1): 85-89
Endoscopic Thyroid Surgery
Authors: Hassan Mahmudul
Published: February 2020

Abstract not available
Bangladesh J of Otorhinolaryngology; October 2018; 24(2): 92-93
Pattern of Neck Node Metastasis in Laryngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Uddin Md Momin , Quadir Samia , Salam Kazi Shameemus , Sattar Mohammed Abdus , Uddin Md Mosleh , Siddiquee Belayat Hossain
Published: February 2020

Background: Cancer continues to be a major health problem despite advances in medical technology for its diagnosis and treatment. Cancer of the larynx is the eleventh most common cancer in the world. Carcinoma larynx is a multifactorial disease. Smoking, betel-nut, betel-leaf chewing habit and drinking alcohol are the most important factors associated with carcinoma larynx.
Objective: To detect the rate and level of cervical lymph node metastasis in laryngeal carcinoma
Methods: Detailed information was obtained in each cases according to protocol. Complete history was taken from accompanying attendants. Thorough clinical examination was done. All the information’s were recorded in the fixed protocol. Patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups by card sampling. Collected data were classified, edited, coded and entered into the computer for statistical analysis by using updated computerized program SPSS-19
Results: Out of 50 cases the mean average age was found 58.5±11.9 years with range from 39 to 78 years. Majority (70.0%) patients presented with supraglottic carcinoma followed by 13(26.0%) glottic carcinoma and 2(4.0%) subglottic carcinoma. More than three fourth (78.0%) patients had difficulty in swallowing followed by 17(34.0%) had hoarseness of voice, 12(24.0%) had discomfort in throat, 10(20.0%) had earache, 6(12.0%) had hemoptysis and 4(8.0%) had cough. Majority (42.0%) patients were found N0 followed by 15(30.0%) N1, 13(26.0%) N2 and 1(2.0%) N3 of neck node. Majority (42.0%) patients was found in stage T3 followed by 7(14.0%) in stage T1, 18(36.0%) in stage T2 and 4(8.0%) in stage T4. Majority (56.0%) patients was found in level-II of neck nodes followed by 12(24.0%) level III, 4(8.0%) level IV, 3(6.0%) level II+III, 2(4.0%) level III+IV and 1(2.0%) level III+IV+V of neck nodes.
Conclusion: Laryngeal carcinoma is a common clinical entity in otolaryngology practice. Male were more predominant and the highest age group was 51-60 years. In our study most common Laryngeal carcinoma was supraglottic in nature. T3 was the commonest stage of involvement. Common clinical presentation was difficulty in swallowing and hoarseness of voice. N 0 and N1 was the most common pattern of neck node metastasis. In our series majority of them were in level II
 Bangladesh J of Otorhinolaryngology; October 2018; 24(2): 115-124
Outcome of Myringoplasty in Underlay Technique
Authors: Razzak Md Abdur , Murshed KM Mamun , Sobhan AKMA , Hossain Md Rakib , Imtiaz SM Nafeez
Published: February 2020

Background: Myringoplasty is one of the surgical techniques for the management of chronic supportive otitis media with permanent perforation of tympanic membrane. It is defined as simple surgical repair of tympanic membrane perforation without doing ossicular reconstruction.
Objective: To determine the success rate of myringoplasty and to examine whether the hearing improvement is a potential indication for surgery.
Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital from January 2017 to December 2017 and 100 patients who underwent myringoplasty in this period were analyzed. About 100 patients with dry central tympanic membrane perforations of various size were included in this study
Results: Myringoplasty was performed in 100 patients. Male were (45%) and females were (55%).Twenty one (7%) of them belonged to age group of 10-20 years, 31 (31%) were in the age range of 21-33 years, 38(38%) were the age range 31-40 years while 24 (24%) aged between 41-50 years with mean age of 26.32 ±S.D 9.59 years. Overall success rate of graft uptake was noted in 88 (88%) out of 100 cases
Conclusion: Myringoplasty is a safe surgical procedure in achieving intact tympanic membrane and to improve the hearing loss. Therefore, underlay technique being technically simple should be preferred, but the ultimate decision about the technique to be employed depends on the surgeons preference and the site of perforation
 Bangladesh J of Otorhinolaryngology; October 2018; 24(2): 131-136
Pharyngocutaneous Fistula- Frequency and Risk Factors
Authors: Sattar Md Abdus , Uddin Md Mosleh , Salam Kazi Shameemus , Razib Syed Farhan Ali , Uddin Md Momin , Hossain Delwar , Siddiquee Belayat Hossain
Published: February 2020

Setting: Study was conducted in the Department of Otolaryngology and Head-Neck surgery of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Bangladesh from 2006 to 2017.
Objectives: To find out the frequency, risk factors, and its effect on the management of pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF).
Methods: Observational, Cross Sectional study. Number of laryngectomized patients 249.
Results: Total PCF developed 48 (19.27%). Irradiated patients with multiple co-morbidities had more chance to develop PCF.
Conclusion: High incidence of pharyngocutaneous fistula mostly due to advanced stage of disease, various levels of surgical expertise and post irradiated patients with multiple comorbidities.
 Bangladesh J of Otorhinolaryngology; October 2018; 24(2): 156-161
Study of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Paralysis Following Thyroidectomy
Authors: Md Wahiduzzaman - , Razib Syed Farhan Ali , Hossain Afroja , Rahman Sheikh Hasanur , Rahman Hasib , Haque Md Hasanul , Tarafder Kamrul Hasan
Published: February 2020

Abstract not available
Bangladesh J of Otorhinolaryngology; October 2018; 24(2): 162-166
Allergic Rhinitis and the Otolaryngologists
Authors: Datta Pran Gopal
Published: February 2020

Abstract not available
Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2019; 25(1): 1-2
Outcome of Surgery and Radiotherapy as Treatment of Early Laryngeal Cancer
Authors: Rahman Md Mostafizur , Taous Ahmmad , Hossain Sheikh Mohammad Rafiqul
Published: February 2020

Background: Carcinoma of the larynx is the most common cancer affecting the head and neck region. Among the different stages of this disease, early cancer (T1T2N0M0) has greater possibility of cure. Its modalities of treatment are surgery and radiotherapy.
Methods: The study was done to compare between outcome of surgery and radiotherapy in early carcinoma larynx T1N0 catagory only. 60 cases of early carcinoma larynx were selected purposive sampling technique from all the patients of carcinoma larynx admitted into Otolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery Department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University,Dhaka; Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka; Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital, Dhaka; Taqwah Specialized Hospital, Dhaka from January 2010 to June 2011.
Results. Study showed 16.67% of the radiotherapy group had a primary site recurrence compared with 20.0% in the surgery group at 12th months (p = 0.59) and 6.67% of those who were treated with irradiation had a recurrence in the neck. 16.67% of patients in the surgery group had a recurrence in the neck (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in primary site recurrence rates for the two treatment modalities, but regional recurrence was higher in the surgery group. Regarding speech and voice quality, radiotherapy was far superior to surgery. All patients in the radiotherapy group but only 3 of 10 in the surgery group had good or normal voice (p = .0017).
Conclusions: Both surgery and irradiation are equally effective in treating early laryngeal carcinoma but Speech and voice quality were significantly better in patients treated by radiotherapy than those treated by surgery.
Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2019; 25(1): 34-40
EL MUSEO COMO PRINCIPAL ATRACTIVO DEL TURISMO CULTURAL ;
Authors: Karina Ramón-Morillo , Narcisa Ullauri-Donoso
Published: February 2020

El artículo hace un análisis del museo como principal elemento dentro de la oferta del turismo cultural, porque cumple la función de revitalizador de la memoria individual y colectiva. La visión contemporánea del museo, como el espacio oportuno para el desarrollo de actividades que propicien la concientización de la cultura, además de apoyar las actividades históricas y artísticas que fomenten el crecimiento cultural de la comunidad en general, donde todas las identidades se sientan representadas. Es ellugar propicio para mostrar al turista el patrimonio tangible e intangible de la comunidad receptora.

Palabras claves: Turismo cultural, patrimonio, memoria, espacios públicos, patrimonio tangible, patrimonio intangible.

AbstractThe article makes an analysis of the museum as the main element in the cultural tourism offer, fulfilling this  function revitalization of individual and collective memory. The contemporary view of the museum, as appropriate for the development of activities that promote awareness of culture, in addition to supporting the historical and artistic activities that encourage cultural growth of the community, where all identities represented sitting space. Being the right place to show tourists the tangible and intangibleheritage of the host community.

Keywords: Cultural tourism, heritage, memory, public spaces, tangible assets, intangible assets.
Ice Binding Proteins: Diverse Biological Roles and Applications in Different Types of Industry
Authors: Białkowska Aneta , Majewska Edyta , Olczak Aleksandra , Twarda-Clapa Aleksandra
Published: February 2020

More than 80% of Earth’s surface is exposed periodically or continuously to temperatures below 5 °C. Organisms that can live in these areas are called psychrophilic or psychrotolerant. They have evolved many adaptations that allow them to survive low temperatures. One of the most interesting modifications is production of specific substances that prevent living organisms from freezing. Psychrophiles can synthesize special peptides and proteins that modulate the growth of ice crystals and are generally called ice binding proteins (IBPs). Among them, antifreeze proteins (AFPs) inhibit the formation of large ice grains inside the cells that may damage cellular organelles or cause cell death. AFPs, with their unique properties of thermal hysteresis (TH) and ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI), have become one of the promising tools in industrial applications like cryobiology, food storage, and others. Attention of the industry was also caught by another group of IBPs exhibiting a different activity—ice-nucleating proteins (INPs). This review summarizes the current state of art and possible utilizations of the large group of IBPs.
Effect of Stannic Species Modification on the Acidity of Silicalite-1 and Its Enhancement in Transforming Ethylenediamine to Heterocyclic Amines
Authors: Zhang Yongxin , Lin Long , Zheng Xiaoming , Liu Chunyan , Zhu Quanren , Guo Hongchen
Published: February 2020

In this study, a series of SnO2 modified zeolite catalysts (Snx-S-1; x is the weight percentage of Sn) were prepared with SnCl2 and a defective Silicalite-1 (S-1) zeolite via facile deposition–precipitation method. It was found that the stannic species modified all-silica zeolite catalysts were active for the intermolecular condensation of ethylenediamine (EDA) to 1, 2-Diazabicyclo [2, 2, 2] octane (TEDA) and piperazine (PIP). The best catalyst Sn6-S-1 (6 wt.% Sn loading) showed 86% EDA conversion and 93% total selectivity to TEDA and PIP. By contrast, the defective S-1 zeolite parent showed only approximately 9% EDA conversion under the same conditions. With the help of catalyst characterization techniques including hydroxyl vibration and pyridine adsorption FT-IR spectroscopy (transmission mode), the enhancement of the catalytic activity of the SnO2 modified zeolite catalysts (Snx-S-1) was mainly attributed to the formation of mild Lewis acid sites in the siliceous zeolite. Both the hydroxyl nests of the defective S-1 zeolite and the dispersed SnO2 clusters should be the important factors for the formation of mild Lewis acid sites on the modified zeolite. Based on the catalytic performance of the modified zeolite in the conversion of EDA to PIP and TEDA, it is inferred that the mildly acidified defective S-1 zeolite by the SnO2 deposition modification might become a very active and durable catalyst for reactions involving strongly alkaline reactants and products.
Differential Sensitivity of Two Endothelial Cell Lines to Hydrogen Peroxide Toxicity: Relevance for In Vitro Studies of the Blood–Brain Barrier
Authors: Alamu Olufemi , Rado Mariam , Ekpo Okobi , Fisher David
Published: February 2020

Oxidative stress (OS) has been linked to blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction which in turn has been implicated in the initiation and propagation of some neurological diseases. In this study, we profiled, for the first time, two endothelioma cell lines of mouse brain origin, commonly used as in vitro models of the blood–brain barrier, for their resistance against oxidative stress using viability measures and glutathione contents as markers. OS was induced by exposing cultured cells to varying concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and fluorescence microscopy/spectrometry was used to detect and estimate cellular glutathione contents. A colorimetric viability assay was used to determine changes in the viability of OS-exposed cells. Both the b.End5 and bEnd.3 cell lines investigated showed demonstrable content of glutathione with a statistically insignificant difference in glutathione quantity per unit cell, but with a statistically significant higher capacity for the b.End5 cell line for de novo glutathione synthesis. Furthermore, the b.End5 cells demonstrated greater oxidant buffering capacity to higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide than the bEnd.3 cells. We concluded that mouse brain endothelial cells, derived from different types of cell lines, differ enormously in their antioxidant characteristics. We hereby recommend caution in making comparisons across BBB models utilizing distinctly different cell lines and require further prerequisites to ensure that in vitro BBB models involving these cell lines are reliable and reproducible.
Modeling the Behavior of CFRP Strengthened Concrete Beams and Columns at Different Temperatures
Authors: Gawil Bassma , Wu Hwai-Chung , Elarbi Abulgasem
Published: February 2020

The bonding of thin fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) composites on the surface of concrete members has emerged as an effective method to increase both the strength and stiffness of concrete members. Although a large volume of experimental and numerical research has performed on existing concrete structures to increase their load carrying capacity, there appears to be less work reported on simulating the influence of temperature on the behavior of concrete structures. This study intends to examine the effects of changing temperature on the mechanical properties of FRP composites as well as deteriorated composites on the structural performance of FRP bonded concrete structures. The overall approach consists of computations using finite element models to simulate the structural behavior of FRP bonded beams and columns. Three-dimensional-extended finite element modeling X-FEM using ABAQUS-CAE v.6.13 program was performed to explore the influence of temperature of (25 °C, 100 °C and 180 °C) on failure loads of FRP strengthened beams and columns with adhesive material. Additionally, the cohesive traction–separation damage model was use to model the delamination of FRP from the concrete. The flexural strength, mid-span deflection, crack patterns, failure loads, and mode of failure for the tested models were compared with the previous experimental study. The results show that a FEM results were in good agreement with experimental results. The flexural strength decreases with temperature rise for FRP strengthened concrete beams. The high temperature 180 °C has an adverse influence on the compressive strength of the specimens. The way of FRP rupture in the simulation was similar to the mode that was observed during the experimental tests.
Numerical Analysis of Magnetohydrodynamic Flows
Authors: Tagawa Toshio
Published: February 2020

Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is a field of study combined by the fluid mechanics and electromagnetism [...]
Knowledge Domain and Emerging Trends in Vinegar Research: A Bibliometric Review of the Literature from WoSCC
Authors: Zhang Xiang-Long , Zheng Yu , Xia Meng-Lei , Wu Ya-Nan , Liu Xiao-Jing , Xie San-Kuan , Wu Yan-Fang , Wang Min
Published: February 2020

Vinegar is one of the most widely used acidic condiments. In recent decades, rapid advances have been made in the area of vinegar research, and the intellectual structure pertaining to this domain has significantly evolved. Thus, it is important that scientists keep abreast of associated developments to ensure an appropriate understanding of this field. To facilitate this current study, a bibliometric analysis method was adopted to visualize the knowledge map of vinegar research based on literature data retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. In total, 883 original research and review articles from between 1998 and 2019 with 19,663 references were analyzed by CiteSpace. Both a macroscopical sketch and microscopical characterization of the whole knowledge domain were realized. According to the research contents, the main themes that underlie vinegar research can be divided into six categories, that is, microorganisms, substances, health functions, production technologies, adjuvant medicines, and vinegar residues. In addition to the latter analysis, emerging trends and future research foci were predicted. Finally, the evolutionary stage of vinegar research was discerned according to Shneider’s four-stage theory. This review will help scientists to discern the dynamic evolution of vinegar research, as well as highlight areas for future research.
Cyanogenesis in Macadamia and Direct Analysis of Hydrogen Cyanide in Macadamia Flowers, Leaves, Husks, and Nuts Using Selected Ion Flow Tube–Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Castada Hardy Z. , Liu Jinyi , Ann Barringer Sheryl , Huang Xuesong
Published: February 2020

Macadamia has increasing commercial importance in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. However, the toxic compound hydrogen cyanide (HCN) released from the hydrolysis of cyanogenic compounds in Macadamia causes a safety risk. In this study, optimum conditions for the maximum release of HCN from Macadamia were evaluated. Direct headspace analysis of HCN above Macadamia plant parts (flower, leaves, nuts, and husks) was carried out using selected ion flow tube–mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS). The cyanogenic glycoside dhurrin and total cyanide in the extracts were analyzed using HPLC-MS and UV–vis spectrophotometer, respectively. HCN released in the headspace was at a maximum when Macadamia samples were treated with pH 7 buffer solution and heated at 50 °C for 60 min. Correspondingly, treatment of Macadamia samples under these conditions resulted in 93–100% removal of dhurrin and 81–91% removal of total cyanide in the sample extracts. Hydrolysis of cyanogenic glucosides followed a first-order reaction with respect to HCN production where cyanogenesis is principally induced by pH changes initiating enzymatic hydrolysis rather than thermally induced reactions. The effective processing of different Macadamia plant parts is important and beneficial for the safe production and utilization of Macadamia-based products.
The Bacterial Soft Rot Pathogens, Pectobacterium carotovorum and P. atrosepticum, Respond to Different Classes of Virulence-Inducing Host Chemical Signals
Authors: Agyemang Paul A. , Kabir Md Niamul , Kersey Caleb M. , Dumenyo C. Korsi
Published: February 2020

Soft rot bacteria of the Pectobacterium and Dickeya genera are Gram-negative phytopathogens that produce and secrete plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDE), the actions of which lead to rotting and decay of their hosts in the field and in storage. Host chemical signals are among the factors that induce the bacteria into extracellular enzyme production and virulence. A class of compounds (Class I) made up of intermediate products of cell wall (pectin) degradation induce exoenzyme synthesis through KdgR, a global negative regulator of exoenzyme production. While the KdgR− mutant of P. carotovorum is no longer inducible by Class I inducers, we demonstrated that exoenzyme production is induced in this strain in the presence of extracts from hosts including celery, potato, carrot, and tomato, suggesting that host plants contain another class of compounds (Class II inducers) different from the plant cell wall-degradative products that work through KdgR. The Class II inducers are thermostable, water-soluble, diffusible, and dialysable through 1 kDa molecular weight cut off pore size membranes, and could be a target for soft rot disease management strategies.
A Novel PV Array Reconfiguration Algorithm Approach to Optimising Power Generation across Non-Uniformly Aged PV Arrays by Merely Repositioning
Authors: Alkahtani Mohammed , Wu Zuyu , Kuka Colin Sokol , Alahammad Muflah S. , Ni Kai
Published: February 2020

Photovoltaic (PV) module working conditions lack consistency and PV array power outputs fluctuate due to the non-uniform impact that aging has on various PV modules in a PV array. No assessment has been conducted on the energy potential of a non-uniform PV array, despite the fact that the maximum power point (MPP) can be tracked by global maximum power point tracking (GMPPT). Therefore, the present work undertakes such an assessment by devising an algorithm to optimise the PV array electrical structure as the PV modules undergo aging in a non-uniform way. To enable PV arrays with non-uniform aging to produce as much power as possible and to make maintenance more cost-effective, the work puts forward a novel approach for reconfiguring PV arrays, where the PV modules are repositioned by retaining the aged PV modules. By this approach, the selection of the best reconfiguration topology necessitates the information on the electrical parameters associated with the PV modules in an array. Furthermore, the non-uniform aging of the PV modules can engender an incompatibility effect, which can be diminished in the proposed algorithm through iterative sorting of the modules in a hierarchical pattern. To determine how effective the method is for PV arrays with non-uniform aging and of different sizes, such as 3 × 4, 5 × 8 and 7 × 8 arrays, computer simulation and analysis have been conducted, with findings indicating that, irrespective of dimensions, PV arrays with non-uniform aging can have improved power yield.