bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKEN FED DIFFERENT LEVELS THYME, ADIANTUM, ROSEMARY AND THEIR COMBINATION
Authors: & et al. TAYEB
Published: April 2020

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of medical plants (thymus vulgaris, Adiantum capillus-veneris L, Rosemarinus officinalis and their combination) supplemented in the diet on Physiological and Growth performance traits of broiler chicken. T1 Control (no supplemented), T2 Thyme powder 5 g/kg, T3 Thyme powder 10 g/kg, T4 Adiantum powder 3 g/kg, T5 Adiantum powder 5 g/kg, T6 Rosemary powder 5 g/kg, T7 Rosemary powder 10 g/kg and T8 Mixture (Thyme , Adiantum and Rosemary) with 7.5 g/kg +4 g/kg and 7.5 g/kg, respectively. A Total of 288 unsexed broiler chicks, were randomly distributed to eight treatments with three replicate. Medical plants at different levels added to basal diets at 7th days old. Live body weight and mortality rates were measured weekly. At the end of the experiment the following traits were measured: carcass traits, hematology, blood biochemical, hormonal responses, and serum enzymes parameters. There is a significant effect of medicinal plants on live body weight, feed intake and dressing percentage. Mortality rate in T2 and T7 was significant highest. While, feed conservation  was not influenced by medicinal plants. There was a significant effect of treatments on abdominal fat and liver weights. Adiantum powder at different levels has significant effect on bursa and spleen weights compared to other groups. There was a significant effect of treatments on albumin, globulin, cholesterol and glucose concentration. Medicinal plants significantly affect hormonal response. The combination of plants (T8) investigated high concentration of T3 and T4 hormones. Also, addition of rosemary observed higher concentration of TSH and GH hormones. There was significant effect of medical plants on AST and ALT enzymes. There is none significant effect of medical plants on meat color among treatment.
CONSEQUENCES OF NEW APPROACH IN PRODUCTION SYSTEM OF LOCAL KURDISH SLOW-GROWING BROILERS
Authors: & AL-Sardary Mustafa
Published: April 2020

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of new production system of local Kurdish slow-growing broilers with special emphasis on organic technique. A total of 360 one-day-old chicks  mixed local slow-growing broiler genotype were distributed randomly into six treatments: (T1) control, feeding ad libitum commercial diet (indoor), (T2) feeding ad libitum  organic (indoor), (T3) feeding commercial % 75+ pasture, (T4) feeding organic % 75+  pasture, (T5) feeding commercial ad libitum  + pasture, and (T6) feeding organic ad libitum  + pasture. Each treatment consists of 60 birds with three replicates per treatment, 20 birds replicate. The results indicated that organic group treatment (T6) that fed ad libitum feed and pasture had the highest body weight and weight gain. Meanwhile it had the lowest feed intake and better FCR. Fatty acids contents between treatments found to have significant differences for both organic and commercial feed. Significant differences were found when compared treatments to each other. Raising slow-growing chickens under different system and feeding organic feed at a different level have had a potential effect on their performances and profile of fatty acids, and amino acids of their meat. It was concluded that feeding chicken organic feed ad libitum and allowing to access to the pasture performed better than all other treatment groups. Significant differences were found among treatments for sensory evaluation. Organic treatments and commercial treatments under same condition were not found any significant differences.
EFFECT OF FIXED FACTORS AND ESTIMATION OF GENETIC PARAMETERS OF GROWTH TRAITS FOR MOUNTAIN KIDS
Authors: & Baper Hermiz
Published: April 2020

Body weights at birth (469), weaning (394) and at six month of age (358) for kids utilized in this study were raised at private project in Duhok governorate, Iraq during two kidding season (2016-2017) and (2017-2018). GLM within SAS programme was used to analyze the data which include the fixed effects (age of doe, year and season of kidding, sex of kid and type of birth, regression on doe weight at kidding, and the regression of later weights of kids on earlier weights) influencing the studied traits. Restricted Maximum Likelihood Method was used to estimate repeatability, heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlations after adjusting the records for fixed effects. Variance components of random effects were tested for positive definite. Overall mean of weights at birth (BWT), weaning (WWT) and 6 month of age (WT6M) were 2.92, 15.32 and 24.45 kg, respectively. Differences among groups of age of doe in all studied traits were not significant, while year of kidding and sex of kid affect all traits significantly (p<0.01). Season of kidding affect BWT and WWT significantly (P<0.01). Single born kids were heavier (P<0.01) than twins in BWT only. Regression of BWT on doe weight at kidding (0.033 kg/kg) was significant (P<0.01), while the regressions of WWT and WT6M were not significant. The regression coefficients of WWT on BWT (1.906 kg/kg) and of WT6M on WWT (0.835 kg/kg) were highly significant (P<0.01). Repeatability estimates for BWT, WWT and WT6M were 0.47, 0.45 and 0.35, respectively; on the same order the estimates of heritability were 0.41, 0.61 and 0.79. Genetic correlations between BWT with each of WWT (0.45) and WT6M (0.55), and between WWT and WT6M (0.68) were highly significant. All phenotypic correlations between each pair of body weights were higher than genetic correlations and ranged between 0.48 and 0.73.
EXTRACTION AND ACID HYDROLYSES OF FRESH JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE INULIN FOR FRUCTOOLIGOSACCHARIDE PRODUCTION
Authors: & Abood Alabadi
Published: April 2020

The objective of this study was to produce fructooligosaccharide (FOS) from fresh jerusalem artichoke (JAT) inulin which was extracted by conventional method (hot water extraction) at two different temperature (80˚C & 90˚C\ 90 min). JAT slices were mixed with distilled water at (1 : 5) (w : v) ratio, the obtained extract purified and concentrated to 32˚Brix, then mixed with acetone (1 : 3) (v : v), kept at 4˚C for 24 h., centrifuged at 10000g/ 15 min., and the precipitate dried at 55˚C. Acid hydrolysis of the dried inulin was carried out at three different pH values being (1.5, 2.5 & 3.0) at 85˚C using citric acid (10 %), aliquot of inulin hydrolysate were taken after (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 & 30) min. for qualitative analysis using TLC and RP-HPLC. The results revealed that there were no significant differences in the yield of extracted inulin (33.86, 33.67 %) and extraction efficiency (80.62, 80.17 %) between the extraction at 80˚C and 90˚C\ 90 min. respectively. The optimum condition for acid hydrolysis of the obtained inulin was at pH 2.5 after 15 min at 85˚C. The qualitative analysis for hydrolysate using TLC and RP-HPLC showed that the degree of polymerization (DP) of inulin ranged from (2 - 35) unit and for FOS ranged from (2 – 9) units.
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTORS AFFECTING AGRICULTURAL GROWTH IN IRAQ USING ARDL MODEL
Authors: & AlBadri Alattabi
Published: April 2020

This research was aimed to study some factors influencing agricultural growth in Iraq. Using time series data for the period 1990 – 2017, of agricultural growth (a dependent variable) and agricultural exports, agricultural imports, agricultural fixed capital and the agricultural labor force (as independent variables). For these purposes, were statistical and econometrics methods employed to determine the most important aspects of this problem in agricultural sector. Co-integration analysis was used which developed by Johansen, also Augmented Dicky – Fuller of unit root test to determine non stationary data for choosing the best analysis method. In light of results, Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL) was used in assessment and analysis. The results showed presence of co-integration in both agricultural imports and agricultural labor force with elasticity coefficients (-0.3 and-0.6), respectively and significant at 1% and 5% levels respectively, and lack of co-integration of both the agr.exports and agricultural fixed capital with elasticity coefficients (0.2 and 0.03) respectively which they are not significant.
MEASURING RETURNSS TO SCALE, DISTRIBUTION EFFICIENCY AND ESTIMATING WHEAT PRODUCTION FUNCTION IN DHI QAR PROVINCE
Authors: & et al. Barbaz
Published: April 2020

The aim of this research was to estimate the production function to measure returns to scale and distribution efficiency of  resources used in the production of wheat. Cross sectional data used of a random sample of 130 farmers in Dhi Qar Province. The results of the quantitative analysis of estimating production function showed that the double logarithmic form was the best estimated model based on economic and statistical indicators. However, that form suffered from heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation, so the robust regression technique was chosen. Value of returns to scale was 0.89 and this indicates decreasing returns to scale. This means that production function is in the second stage of the function. The results of the distributional efficiency study showed that the resources used in the production of the crop were not optimized as they amounted to 1.28 for the human labor resource and 20.6 for the capital. There was a shortage in the use of labor resource and capital for the optimal use that achieves economic efficiency and this caused low efficiency of crop production. Therefore, the research recommends the need to increase the amount of human labor in the wheat crop farms in Dhi Qar province, which would move the production function curve to a higher level in order to achieve the economic efficiency of the crop cultivation in the province on the one hand and return the farmers to production in the rational stage. Also, it is important to have the proper allocation of resources available by farmers, which has the effect of increasing the economic efficiency of those resources, which will in turn reflects on the efficiency of crop production.
STIMULATION GROWTH, YIELD, AND ACCUMILATION OF ANTIOXIDANT COMPOUNDS OF ONION HYBRIDS BY COLORED SHADES OF POLY ETHYLENE COVERS
Authors: Al-Khafaji A. M. H. H.
Published: April 2020

This research was conducted at vegetable field of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening –College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad. The experiment was conducted using Randomized Complete Block Design within split plot arrangement with three replicates. The hybrids (white, yellow, red) represented the main plots, symbolized (HW, HY, HR) and the colored covers of the tunnels (without cover, transparent, red, yellow, blue) represented the sub plots, which symbolized (C0, CW, CR, CY, CB).The statistical analysis revealed significant differences of HR in producing the highest values of the studied traits, such as, leaves number (14.73), leaf area (24.79 dcm2), plant yield (190 gm.), chlorophyll concentration (9.733 mg.100-1gm f. w.). Also the results revealed the significant superiority of yellow cover, in leaves number (18.11), leaf area (29.63 dcm2), plant yield (222 gm.), chlorophyll concentration (10.44 mg.100-1gm f. w.), anthocyanin concentration (24.67 mg.100-1gm f. w.). The results that obtained from interaction between hybrids and covers were showed the significant predomination of HRCY in producing the highest numbers in the mentioned characters (18.33 leaves, 34.18 dcm2, 233.3 gm. 11.33 mg.100-1gm f. w.) respectively.
FINANCIAL EVALUATION OF NAIMI SHEEP FATTENING SYSTEMS IN AL-AHSA GOVERNORATE, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA
Authors: & et al. Ameen
Published: April 2020

This research was aimed at conducting a financial evaluation of sheep feeding systems in Al-Ahsa in KSA to identify the feasibility of investing in these projects. By field study, identified two systems for fattening the first system of fattening for 4 months, 3 cycles a year, and the second system of fattening for 6 months, two cycles a year. Secondary data collected by the Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, the annual statistical book, a random sample of sheep breeders in Al-Ahsa governorate. The criteria for financial evaluation of projects are used. The results showed that the system of fattening for 4 months better than the other system, where the internal rate of return (IRR) for the first system 84% compared to 62% for the second, respectively. While the ratio of revenues to the cost of the two systems amounted to about 1.27, while the net present value amounted to 2592, 2160.7 thousand riyals respectively. In the absence of support, the preference of the fattening system are also shown for 4 months, with an internal rate of return of about 44% compared to 34% for the fattening system for 6 months. The study recommends directing the largest amount of Saudi investment to agricultural investment, particularly in the field of animal production, and encouraging investment in red meat manufacturing, to reduce reliance on imports from unsafe external sources and to achieve an appropriate level of food security in red meat.
STRAW STIFFNESS IN LANDRACES OF TWO-ROW BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)
Authors: Jaff D. M. A.
Published: April 2020

This study was aimed to investigate straw stiffness in land races of two- row barley (hordeum vulgarel.). Straw from four landrace populations of barley grown in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq was measured and tested for bending stiffness, showing considerable variation in diameter and in longitudinal bending modulus. In the lower range of diameter, the straw from these landrace populations was highly flexible and was able to lodge without fracture, by curving elastically without fracture or buckling until the head reached the ground. The landrace populations studied contained substantial variation in internode diameter and in the stiffness of the wall material. Selection for internode diameter appeared to have potential for improving lodging resistance. Because lodging potential depends on the weight of the whole shoot as well as on wind forces, it is likely to be increased by pre-harvest moisture content. Decreasing moisture content of the straw and heads reduced the total above-ground weight of the plant by approximately a factor of two during the month prior to harvest.
PERSPECTIVE STUDY OF THE AgNPs EFFECT ON THE MATERNAL AND EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT IN ALBINO RATS
Authors: & et al. Ali
Published: April 2020

This study was aimed to displayed effect of this nanoparticles on pregnant mother and embryos. All females administration of AgNPs suspension orally during the gestational period (for 21day) in two doses low 2mg and high dose 20 mg /Kg body weight and the control group received D.W only. The pregnant females (60 females) include the control group and the treated group  was subdivided in to two groups, pre and post implantation and all the mothers weighted along the study. The embryos and their brains after retrieved weighted and the crow-rump length (CRL) measurement also. The results showed that the active form of Ag can be transport the placental barrier and blood brain barrier (BBB). This nanoparticles showed adverse effect and produced decreased in mothers weights in low dose 2mg/Kg/ B.Wt and higher dose 20mg/Kg/ B.Wt. Weights of embryos were lower clearly after exposure to AgNPs compare to control group. On the other hand, the weights of embryo's brain were decreased compare of control group in both doses. The CRL of embryos lowered after exposure to AgNPs in treatment groups when compare to control group.
MORPHOLOGICAL, ANATOMICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION STUDIES OF SPECIES Horwoodia dicksoniae (Turrill) IN IRAQ
Authors: Al-Masoudi R. K. H.
Published: April 2020

This research aims to study the morphological anatomical characteristics and geographical distribution of the species Horwoodia dicksoniae (Turrill) belong to Brassicaceae family in Iraq. The results were revealed the morphological characteristics of the root, stem, leaves, fruits and seeds, abaxial surface of the leaf characterized by covered with simple hairs. The fruits were circular in shape with wide wing and have one seed. The seeds were conical shape and pustular surface configuration. The anatomical characteristics of the root, stem, and leaf were studied and the cross-section of the root was characterized by thick periderm layer and cortex layer consisting primarily of parenchyma cells, stem cross section was characterized by thick layer of cuticle, as well as epidermis  layer  that followed the cuticle layer was double epidermis, but the layer of  phloem is composed of rectangular cells and arranged in a continuous ring. Cross section of leaf  was bifacial , leaf contains palisade cells in the form of a rectangle at the top surface of the leaf and irregular spongy cells at the low surface and distinguish the middle vein of the leaf as a circular shape. The epidermis was characterized by an Anisocytic type.  The study of geographical distribution has been shown that the species is widespread in the desert region of Iraq.
GIS TECHNIQUES FOR MAPPING OF WIND SPEED OVER IRAQ
Authors: & Al-Timimi Adeeb
Published: April 2020

This study was aimed to use GIS techniques in climate studies. Analysis of monthly wind speed data for the period 1981 to 2017, and mapping of monthly, seasonal and annual wind speed in Iraq has been investigated in this study. The area of study was divided into three regions. the results of  Mann Kendall test of the middle and southern region reveal a significant decreasing trend in the months of the summer season. While positive trends of mean wind speed were found in the northern region for the whole period. Wind speed value reaches its highest value in (Jun and July), and the lowest value of wind speed was in December.  Seasonal wind speeds show the highest values recorded in the summer and spring seasons and the lowest in the autumn and winter seasons. Wind speed maps were obtained using IDW techniques in G I S, the results show that the annual average of wind speed in the northern, middle and southern regions was 2.7 m/s, 3.6 m/s and 4.1 m/s respectively. While the annual average of wind speed in the study area "Iraq" was 3.6 m/s. The winds were low in the northern region compared to the middle and southern regions. The wind speed maps show the appropriate sites for the installation of wind turbines.
ROLE OF SOME AROMATIC ESSENTIAL OIL ON IMMUNE STATUS AGAINST INFECTIOUS BRONICHITIS VACCINE AND LIPID PROFILE OF BROILER CHICKEN
Authors: Ulaiwi A. H.
Published: April 2020

This study evaluates the role of some aromatic essential oil (AEOs) (Eucalyptus oil, Mint oil, L-Menthol, and Thyme oil) with different methods of administration,  antibody titer of  infectious bronchitis virus (IBv) vaccine with different routes of vaccination, and value of total lipid profile. The study is designed as follows { T1:Oral method for each them  (AEOs) (0.2 ml/L) daily + vaccination against IBv-H120.T2: Spray method for each them (AEOs) (2 ml/L) twice weekly + vaccination against IBv-H120.T3: Spray method (AEOs) (2 ml/L) twice weekly plus oral method (AEOs) (0.2 ml/L) daily with oral vaccination IBv-H120.T4: Spray method (AEOs) (2 ml/L) twice weekly plus oral  method (AEOs) (0.2 ml/L) daily with oral vaccination IBv-H120.with spray vaccination against IBv-H120.T5:Oral method (AEOs) (0.2 ml/L) daily without vaccination.T6:Spray method (AEOs) (2 ml/L) twice weekly without vaccination.T7:Control negative (not treated and not vaccinated)}. The result of IBv titer showed that T4 and T2 had a significant difference among groups and in different ages. Also the result of lipid profile showed T3 and T4 had significant difference among groups. In conclusion the spray method of vaccination with different route of administration of (AEOs) was given the best antibody titer against IBv., and the mixing rout of administration of (AEOs) on total lipid profile (Cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, VLDL and LDL) was the best on the single rate of administration of (AEOs).
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGCAL STUDY FOR THE EFFECT OF BARLEY (HORDEUN VULGARE) FLOUR ON INDUCED DIABETIC
Authors: & et al. Al-Hamdani
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of barley consumption on sugar reduction in diabetic patients in male and female rats. The mice were divided into six groups with 10 mice per group. The mice injected the substance with 200 mg / kg body weight to induce diabetes. The study included 60 mice of both sexes, injected with aloxane and a dose of 200 mg / kg body weight to induce diabetes. The first group was represented by the control group as its members took standard food from the experimental animal food. The second group, which represents the induced control group as its members took the general measure of food, but injected the substance of the aloxane for comparison. While the third and fourth groups were fed an equal mixture of wheat flour and barley in the form of dry paste for both females and males for mice, respectively. The fifth and sixth groups were fed barley flour only for both sexes. Measure both body weight and blood sugar at the beginning and end of the two weeks of the experiment, where it was fed daily with various food treatments mentioned previously. Different blood parameters were measured, The physiological and histological changes of liver, kidney and brain were also studied. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in the percentage of blood clocates in groups with diabetes, and showed groups treated with barley decreased cholesterol and triglyceride with the emergence of changes in the tissue in the liver and kidneys, while the brain appeared in its natural form. Barley has a protective effect against diabetes.
INVESTIGATION OF ACTIVE COMPOUND IN CLOVE (Syzygium aromaticum) EXTRAC AND COMPARED WITH INHIBITORS OF GROWTH OF SOME TYPES OF BACTERIA CAUSING FOOD POISONING
Authors: Karm I. F. A.
Published: April 2020

Antimicrobial properties of Syzygium aromaticum were investigated and  phytochemical active groups were done, clove oil contain a unique active compound known as eugenol was extracted and isolated to be tested. Four different pathogenic bacterial strains (Staphylococcus auras, Listeria monocyogenes, Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli) were obtained and isolated from contaminated food, three concentrations for the plant (eugenol extract) were prepared to be a treatments, T1, T2 and T3 with percentage of   100%, 50%, 25% respectively. Antimicrobial activity was measured by using disc diffusion method and the best treatment was T1, which tested for eugenol qualitative and quantitative activity that was determined by using (HPLC).    The results showed that the inhibition zones were increased with the increasing of concentrations of eugenol extract thus it was very clearly that the results encourage the use of natural Sources like some plants or some parts of plants to solve some problems done by bacteria activities that cause food poisoning.           .
EFFECT OF STEVIA LEAVES CONSUMPTION ON SUGAR AND OTHER BLOOD CHARACTERS IN DIABETES-INDUCED MICE
Authors: Al-Hamdani H. M. S.
Published: April 2020

This study was designed to confirm the effect of different concentrations of water extract for stevia leaves on lowering blood sugar, cholesterol and other blood traits in diabetes-induced mice. Forty mice with weights ranging 30-35 mg per diabetic were injected intravenously into the gastric tube except for control group (non-diabetic control) and were left for one week to confirm their diabetes. The animals were divided randomly into 5 groups with 8 mice per group; animals were given in group 1 (non-diabetic control) and group 2 (diabetic control) fed standard diet with water supply, while groups 3, 4 and 5 were fed standard diet and different concentrations 300, 400 and 500 mg / dl / day respectively of aqueous extract of stevia leaf powder for a period of three weeks. A significant reduction was found in blood sugar, cholesterol, total fat and equal levels of other blood traits in groups 3 and 4 compared to group 2. The results also showed that giving the aqueous extract of Stevia at a concentration of 300 and 400 mg/kg weight, the blood sugar level is statistically and directly reduced in all treated diabetes-induced groups of mice. It also led to a statistical reduction of cholesterol and triglyceride. There is also a statistically significant increase in other blood characters in diabetic mice was also found that leaves of the stevia plant contained 7,86, 5,28 and 2,58% for both steviol glycoside, stevioside and rebaudoside respectively that measured by HPLC technique. These results have shown that consumption the leaves extract of stevia plant have an important role in reduction blood sugar, cholesterol and total fat, as well as other blood traits in mice induced for diabetes.
EXTEND THE SHELF LIFE AND IMPROVING SENSORY PROPERTIES OF WHITE SOFT CHEESE BY ADDING CELERY …..LEAVES
Authors: & et al. Awda
Published: April 2020

This study  was aime to investigate the effect of addition different concentration of celery leaves  to white soft cheese ,Treated cheese between 2018-2019, ,The finely Celery (Apium graveolens)   leaves  were  adding  to crude white  cheese  after texturizing in three leveles  included (A,B,C)  in addition of control   antimicrobial activity of celery treated  cheese  against total account bacteria and coliform bacteria was estimated  during (0, 5, 10, 15, 20) days. The results were shown that the higher concentration of celery in treated cheese, had a lower concentration of  protein, lipid and ash content ( 16.81,15.13 and 4.30% respectively, but  it had a higher moisture content 59.50%.also the total bacteria  counts  were decreasing significantly (0.05 P)with accumulative of cheese during astorage periods, it was reached to 1.3x105 , 9.5x103, 9x103, 7.62x103 , 1.05x104     (cfu/g)  respectively comparing with control samples,the number of  coliform bacterial in celery treated cheese,  at  concentrations 15%  was achieved significant difference comparing with  other samples ( 8x103,10.2x104, 9.7x104 , 8.9x105, 9.5x107( log cfu/g )  respectively.
COATING OF ORANGE FRUIT WITH NANO-SILVER PARTICLES TO MINIMIZING HARMFUL ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION BY CHEMICAL FUNGICIDE
Authors: & et al. Khaleel
Published: April 2020

This study was aimed to investigate the coating of nanoparticles to minimizing harmful of  chemical fungicide in fruit industrial sector. The Effects of coating fruit surface with different concentrations of Nano-silver  on the development of mycelium growth of, Penicillium digitatum and Aspergillus niger during storage were estimated. Coated treatments with silver recorded fully reduction of the fungal growth (100%,) on surface of  fruit  with concentration of 50 ppm and 100 ppm as compared with uncoated samples and fungicide. Also, the treatment with 100ppm of silver showed a significant decrease in weight loss compared with uncoated fruit. Application of nanotechnology can be an important way to replacing  chemical fungicides in agricultural sector  in future with regard controlling fungal  post-harvest rot in stored  fresh fruit.
BACILLUS MEGATERIUM BIODEGRADATION GLYCOPHATE
Authors: & et al. Mousa
Published: April 2020

This study was aimed to evaluate the Bacillus megatrium ability to growth and degradated the organophosphorus pesticides, Glyphosate. , Bacillus megaterium was isolated from Iraqi Soils and identification by morphological and biochemical tests beside a Sperber’s Medium as selectivity media. The best growth results were in (2- 60) days, had the same growth for both (5, 25) ppm on MSM. The best degradation rate ability % were in (25) ppm /60 days (70.9)%. The increasing in incubation show increasing of degradation ration% of Glyphosate  via HPLC specially after 60 days , the best ration were for (25)ppm .The result is the B. megaterium used the Glyphosate as source for carbon and phosphorus and suggest could be well exploited for bioremediation of Glyphosate contaminated sites.
COMPARISON BETWEEN ORGANIC MATTER CONTENT OF MAIN SOIL ORDERS IN KURDISTAN REGION USING TWO DIFFERENT METHODS.
Authors: & Esmail Khoshnaw
Published: April 2020

This study was conducted to compare between two methods of soil organic matter determination for main soil orders in Kurdistan region/Iraq, for this purpose forty-five soil samples were taken then the organic matter was determined using chemical (Walkley-Black (wet) method and loss-on-ignition method (dry) combustion method. The results indicated the significant correlation (r = 0.88**) between the studied methods It means there is good adjustment to convert organic matter by loss-on-ignition method (dry) to Walkley-Black (wet) method organic matter by this linear equation (organic matter by loss-on-ignition =1.651* Walkley-Black method organic matter +2.1877) this equation can be used to convert organic matter by two methods for Mollisols(M), Vertisols(V) and Aridisols(A) in Hawler(H), Sulaimani(S) and Duhok(D) governorates, this equation is very important and economic to determine and convert dry method to wet method, the amount of organic matter for M, V, A was recorded the highest value (49.5, 24.8, 20 gkg-1) respectively for Mollisols, Vertisols, and Aridisols at Hawler (H), Sulaimani (S), and Duhok(D) respectively for (DM5, SV4, DA1) in Duhok Mollisols, Sulaimani Vertisols and Duhok Aridisol respectively for walk- black (wet) method, the highest value for dry method organic matter in Mollisols, Vertisols, Aridisols was recorded (97.6, 77.9, 50.3 g kg-1) for soil orders (MD3, VD4, AD4) respectively.
COMPARISON BETWEEN CHEMICAL AND MINERALOGICAL PROPERTIES OF OAK FOREST AND BARE CULTIVATED SOILS IN IRAQI KURDISTAN REGION
Authors: & et al. Abdullah
Published: April 2020

This study was conducted during 1/7/2016 to 20/12/2018, which aimed to determine chemical and mineralogical properties of oak forest and bare cultivated soils at 6 locations  in Iraqi Kurdistan region, the samples were collected from two depths (0 – 30) and (30 – 60) cm. The study included some chemical and physical properties and identification of clay minerals from X-ray diffraction data. Peak height is used as a rough indicator of relative abundance of minerals. In general, the expansion of 14°A to ≈ 17°A in ethylene glycol treatment was not detected because measuring started from 5θ so that’s why we cannot differentiated between Chlorite and Semectite in that treatment. The main results indicated that the organic matter, clay content and CEC values in forest soils were higher than their values in bare cultivated soils, swelling chlorite being the dominant mineral in these soils. While the miner clay mineral at that locations were Kaolinite. Mica was identified at all location, while the dominant type of Mica at forest soils was Muscovite which was obtained from 4 Locations, while Mica Biotite was dominant in bare cultivated soils which was obtained from 4 sites.
SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF RADON GAS CONCENTRATION DISTRBUTED AT BAGHDAD CITY USING REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM TECHNIQUESD
Authors: K. M. Al- Ramahi F.
Published: April 2020

Spatial analysis (spatial statistics) contain systematic techniques, that study actually geographic data have geographic properties such as topological and geometric, spatial analysis involve difference types of technique. Spatial analysis represented new understanding complex topics in form easy by any method or statistical for study area include mathematics and logic. Using function of point density which represented the Radon gas measurement geographic location, and limitation the density area by finding the radii (bandwidth) Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) techniques variation to reach interest regions and hotspot of point’s neighborhood. The aim of the research, applied the spatial statistical method to acknowledge concentrations of radon gas pollution for environmental and human life conservation, and focuses on the region affected by determination and orientation it in this method or tools for control outbreak to be facilitated, this potential possibility aid to avoid research randomly for radon gas pollution regions, this processing consist by extraction the spatial characteristics distribution that depending on distance measurements, by using geographic information system (GIS) technical, and which exploited Global Positioning system to accurate simultaneously the spectral bands of landsate satellite imagery to referencing the study area, and they have been determining  the topology objects such as land cover (water, vegetation and soil) and land use, to connected with points measurement of Radon gas in Baghdad city only soils election, thought the soils were caused pollution based for objects type such as water and air, because, the natural formative of layer soils by decay of radioactive isotope Uranium with erosion the rocks and drift process with dissolved water or flood throughout the ages. Doing field the soil samples measurement by RAD7 Mobil detector for 58 point samples election, which represented using soil type such as vegetation land and land use touched with human life.
EFFECT OF FRESH AND FERMENTED OLIVE SOLID WASTE AND COW MANURE ON IRON FORMS IN CALCAREOUS SOIL AND WHEAT PLANT PRODUCTIVITY
Authors: & Al -Balkhi Jaafar
Published: April 2020

A field experiment was conducted at the farm of Abu Jarash at the Agricultural College, using different rates of olive solid waste and cow manure, as follows: (control,  Mineral fertilizer +NPK, fresh olive solid waste100%, fresh olive solid waste 75%+ cow manure 25%, fresh olive solid waste 50%+ cow manure 50%,   fermented olive solid waste 100%,  fermented olive solid waste 75%+ cow manure 25%,  fermented olive solid waste 50%+ cow manure 50%, cow manure 100%).  Iron fertilizer had been added as iron sulfate in equal amount for each treatment. the fermented olive solid waste 100% treatment was Superiority in the amount of iron forms as following: (total, soluble, exchanged, linked with carbonate bound, organic matter bound iron and manganese oxides bound and residual) the iron amounts were (1296, 0.29, 2.25, 7.74, 37.90, 289.1 and 958.75) mg/kg-1 in the same previous order. While the iron values ​​in the treatment of the control were (1174, 0.188, 1.111, 732, 29.43, 260.5, 875.8) mg kg-1 for the same forms and in the same previous order. The fermented olive solid waste treatment 100% had the highest yield (5.980) ton h-1. The control treatment had the lowest value (3.987) t/h-1.
POTASSIUM ADSORPTION IN CALCAREOUS SOILS OF KURDISTAN REGION OF IRAQ
Authors: Mam-Rasul Gh. A.
Published: April 2020

Sorption is one of the most chemical important processes, which determine nutrients availability in soil. Sorption isotherms provide sufficient information about soils sorption’s capacity, and it’s data can be used to determine thermodynamic sorption parameters. The aim of this studyis to evaluate the sorption of potassium onto some soils. An experiment was conducted with four calcareous soils of the Sulaimani province Kurdistan Region of Iraq by using the batch methods. 5g soil samples were equilibrated at 298±1 Kelvin with 50 ml of 0.01M CaCl2 containing 0 to 250 mg L-1 K as KCl. Suspensions were centrifuged, filtered, and concentration of K+ in the clear extract solution was determined. Amount of K+ sorbed by the soil was calculated from the difference between the initial and final concentration of K+ in the equilibrium solution. Sorption of K+ was evaluated using adsorption isotherms. The results showed that K+ sorption was described by linear, Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin equations. Langmuir equation gave a better fit of equilibrium K adsorption when it has a higher R2 and lowers SE.  The data indicated that the maximum monolayer coverage capacity (b) from the Langmuir isotherm model ranged between (-113.63 to 2500) mg kg-1. The negative values of (b) for studied locations soils indicated to potassium release instead of adsorption. The Langmuir isotherm constant (KL) ranged from (-0.01 to 0.01) L mg-1. Maximum buffering capacity (MBC) is a capacity factor, which measures the ability of the soil to replenish K ion to soil solution that the ability of a soil to supply K to the soil solution. The value of MBC of the studied soils ranged from 0.453 to 23.75 mg kg-1.The sorption processes for the forth locations are favorable and spontaneous because the value of RL was an equal one.
EVALUATION OF CHEMICAL SOIL DEGRADATION IN THE MUSYAB PROJECT USING OF THE FUZZY LOGIC IN GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM
Authors: & Hamad Abdulsada
Published: April 2020

This study was aimed to use the fuzzy logic to employ complex and non-simple models to simple and understandable models that are concerned with no accuracy in the event or the concept itself in the GIS environmental to produce soil degradation maps of the chemical degradation for lands by spatial interpolation method (Inverse Distant Weight). The study area was selected in the province of Babil and within the large Musaaib project. Forty (40) surface samples and 12 profiles were drilled (soil profile). The chemical properties of the soil were then estimated. The results indicated that there were four types of chemical deterioration of the soil, which was characterized by a slight degradation of D1 with an area estimated at 1982.34ha, second class D2 represents the moderate degradation  which occupies an area of ​​1074.71ha while the third class Severe degradation D3 area is estimated at 2403.18hectares, while the fourth class very severe degradation D4 area of ​​2830.56hectares.
RESPONSE OF ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS L. FORINOCULATION WITH MYCORRHIZAE AND FOLAIR APPLICATION WITH BIO-STIMULATORS AND EFFECT ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH CHARACTERS
Authors: & et al. AL-Samarai
Published: April 2020

The current study  was carried out at the Fields belongs of Horticulture  Department, Collage of Agricultural Engineering Science, University of  Baghdad, Al-Jadiriyah for the spring season 2016 -2017 to study the effect for  inoculation mycorrhizae and  folair application  with bio stimulators and their interaction in the growth characters of  (local okra  ptera). A factorial experiment  (2  in randomized complete block design (RCBD), the experiment included (12) treatment  Distributed  in three  replicates. The three factors used in this experiment included . The inoculation with control (C) Mycorrhizae  ( M ) , Biozyme  (B ) ( B1 2cm3.L-1), ( B2 4cm1-.L-1) , Phosphalas (P) (P 2cm3.L-1),  ( M + B1), ( M + B2), (P + M ), ( P + B1), (P + B2), ( M + P + B1), ( M + P + B2). The data were analyzed according to the design followed and the mean was tested by the lowest significant difference at 0.05%. The results showed a significant increase in the studied traits .  The results showed that the three factors and their interactions had significant effects on most of the growth characters measured. The inoculation with the Mycorrhizae  , Biozyme  and  Phosphalas was superior in giving higher values of  plant height  (M1B2P1) 120.00 cm,  Main branches number  per plant 13.00,  number of  leaves 197.0  (Leaf .plant -1),  leaf area  394.0 (dcm2. Leaf ),  fresh weight  of vegetative 3200 (kg. plant-1)  Dry weight of vegetative 209.0 ( g . plant-1), number of  nodules on the stem 41.33  (nod. plant -1),  relative chlorophyll content  (SAPD) respectively. The M1B2P0 combination treatment recorded the highest values of  secondary branches number  per plant 10.33. The M1B1P0 treatment recorded the highest values of diameter of stem 4.03 (cm).
ASSESSMENT OF CARBON STORAGE AND SEQUESTRATION BY USING I- TREE PROGRAM FOR ATRUSH FOREST/NORTH OF IRAQ
Authors: & Akrawee Qaro
Published: April 2020

This study was aimed to assess the data collected from the Iraqi North forests of Atrush, for reporting the urban forests and their status in many locations with different scales and ranges. This process was carried out by using up-to-date technology. Such technology included the economic scopes of the evaluation ecosystem, by i-Tree Eco evaluation, and the US Forest Service which helps out in such a program. The evaluation included the total carbon storage of 41 species of trees, and it was found that 27.78 t of those trees in which the value of $ 4743608.35 had an amount of gross carbon sequestration rate of 0.63 t /year and a value of $107.576.431.These results indicated that carbon storage within those trees of different species investigated by the program was not the same and the Oriental plane trees are different and distinguish from other trees in term of their storage of carbon amount and only seven trees had the storage of 20.51 t of carbon with carbon sequestration of 0.32 t. Other species in the sample had less amount of carbon sequestration.
EFFECT OF PLANT SOURCE ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON YIELD AND IT'S COMPONENTS OF LINSEED CULTIVARS
Authors: & et al. Mohammed
Published: April 2020

A field trials was carried out during winter season of 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 at Field Crops Department - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad / Jadriyah to study the effect of organic fertilizers of plant source (compost) on yield and it's components of linseed cultivars. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) arranged according to split plots used with three replicates. The trials included four weed sources organic fertilizer {Malva rotundifolia L., Eichhronia crassipes (Mart) Solms, Glycyrrhiza glabara L. and Silybum marianum L.} and NPK chemical fertilizer (90 Kg N ha-1, 120 Kg P ha-1 and 80 Kg K ha-1) in addition to control treatment (without fertilizer) within main plots and three linseed cultivars (Syrian, Egyptian and Iraqi local) within sub plots. The results showed that the Syrian cv. produced  the highest number of capsules 106.67 and 103.75 capsule plant-1, number of seeds 8.03 and 8.33 seed capsule-1, seed yield 1.03 and 1.12 mton ha-1, biological yield 4.24 and 4.50 mton ha-1 and harvest index 24.21 and 24.82%, while the Egyptian cv. gave highest means of 1000 seeds weight 6.73 and 7.22 g for the two seasons, respectively. The fertilizer treatments significantly affected on the all studied characters. The plant at the NPK treatment produced the highest number of capsules 105.48 and 99.74 capsule plant-1, number of seeds 7.89 and 7.95 seed capsule-1 without significant differences on the G. glabara L. treatment which was superior in the seed yield 1.04 and 1.03 mton ha-1, biological yield 4.18 and 4.32 mton ha-1 and harvest index 24.57 and 23.65% without significant differences with NPK treatment for the two seasons, respectively. The interaction between the two factors had significant effect on all characters except 1000 seeds weight at first season.
EVALUATION OF CHEVALIER WG AND ATLANTIS OD HERBICIDES TO CONTROL WEEDS IN WINTER WHEAT FIELDS
Authors: & Jaff Said
Published: April 2020

Herbicides are much more than just chemicals to control weed plants, and they can also influence the ecosystems. So, it is necessary to choose new herbicide with low active ingredients in order to reduce environmental issues, as well as control weed plants. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficiency and to compare two herbicides containing similar active ingredients, Chevalier WG and Atlantis OD, as they contain metsufuron-methyl and iodosufuron-methyl sodium at different rates. Chevalier contains 30 g/l of each active ingredient; whilst Atlantis OD has 10 g/l of metsulfuron-methyl and 2 g/l of iodosufuron-methyl sodium. The results showed that all treatments significantly were active to control the weeds in both wheat varieties. Narrow-leaves Weeds density was decreased density 91.70 and 94.14% by Atlantis OD minus 25% in Aras and Simeto respectively, and the yield of Aras was increased 255%. In accordance with the results, a herbicide with low active ingredients, particularly from the sulfonylurea group such as Atlantis OD, more likely to be recommended for weed control and environmental concerns.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS OF FRUITS IN SOME TAXA OF VALERIANACEAE BATSCH FAMILY
Authors: & Saeed Al-dabbagh
Published: April 2020

This study was conducted at the different geographical regions at the north of Iraq; during the field trips, many samples of individuals of two genera Valeriana L. and Valerianella Miller were collected. The fruits of specimens morphologically have been inspected, and some parts of fruits were anatomically examined by paraffin method, from both studies the diagnostic characteristics of fruits were determined. This study was proved the morphological characteristics of significance within genera and species levels, while anatomical features had a large role in separation between the two studied genera, it was proved that the cross-sectional outlines of fruits played a significant role in delimiting among species of the genus Valerianella.
EFFECT OF SEASON AND SEX ON SOME PRODUCTIVE TRAITS OF PEKIN DUCK REARD INTESIVELY UNDER IRAQI CONDITIONS
Authors: & AL-Hassani AL-Ghabban
Published: April 2020

This study was conducted at Poultry farm/Department of Animal Production/College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences/University of Baghdad, were divided into two experiments one during summer and second during winter seasons to study the effect of season and sex on productive performance of Pekin duck reared in an intensive system under harsh Iraqi conditions. A hundred fifty, one day old ducklings were used in each experiment. On 14 day of age, birds were sexed then randomly divided into nine replicates (pens) (5 replicates for females and 4 for males). Results indicated that season has significant effects on studied traits. Body weight, weight gain and food consumption were significantly ( p < 0.01 )higher in birds reared in winter than those reared in summer, whereas no significant differences existed in feed conversion ratio and mortality. Males revealed highly significant ( p< 0.01 ) in body weight and weight gain compared with females in both seasons. Study revealed that pekin duck performance were slightly effected and  resisted to acute high temperature during summer. Pursuant to, it can be reared pekin duck in intensive system throughout year in Iraq.
THREE CANDIDATE GENES AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH QUANTITATIVE VARIATION OF EGG PRODUCTION TRAITES OF LOCAL QUAIL BY USING PCR-RFLP
Authors: & AL-Barzinji Ahmed
Published: April 2020

The aim of study was to investigate the potential candidate gene SEMA3E, TLX and GH and their association with the economic traits, which is becoming increasingly important in poultry breeding program. A total of 72 genomic DNA samples from three female local lines of quail including (desert, brown and white) were collected to determine the association of genes with reproduction trait using PCR-RFLP Technique. According to growth performance the Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) value in selected females for high (H) and low (L) production traits was ranged from -9.2173 to 0.3827. This value is used to estimate body weight at first egg (BWFE), age at first egg (AFE), weight at first egg (WFE), Egg number per Bird (ENPH), Average egg weight (EWTA), and hen day (HD) in three lines. The results indicate that there was a wide intra specific SEMA3E, TLX and GH variability among these local quails which identifying twelve differences genotypes. The identified genotypes for all genes had a significantly (P<0.05) affected on the reproduction trait during first 150 days. The quail’s genotype AAABAA always exhibited the largest body weight at first egg in desert H line, while L line of white was greater in Egg number per bird and hen day of the genotype ACCCAC. No significant associations were observed between all loci and age at first egg trait among local quails. The results indicate that there are agreements between BLUP values with PCR-RFLP results to achieve a favorable selection response in reproductive performance of local quail in Kurdistan region, Iraqi.