bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Phantom Menace? Patents and The Communal Status of Space
Authors: Smith Tim
Published: February 2020

This paper provides an analysis of the interaction between the most important intellectual property right for the space industry, patents, and the international status of space as a "common area". It suggests that the conventional thesis upon which the application of domestic patent laws to space-based activities rests is an incomplete analysis of the legal interaction. A fundamental conflict between patent rights over inventions that make use of the intrinsic properties of the spaceenvironment is identified, and the implications of this conflict discussed. While the application of domestic patent law to space-based activities is nonetheless almost certainly legitimate as a matter of international law, this paper argues that the combined effect of States' patent grants over spacebased inventions is to undermine the status of space as a "common area".
Apus: Non-human persons in ontology of Q’eros from the Cordillera Vilcanota (Peru)
Authors: Przytomska - La Civita Anna
Published: February 2020

The villages of the Q’eros (local Quechua group from the Vilcanota mountain range) are surrounded by high mountains (apus) that seem to observe the monotonous life of the inhabitants . After all, for the Q’eros, apus are not only a form of terrain, but also person-like beings that have an impact on daily human lives . Apus (mountain-person) are described as the guardians of villages, as wild animal masters; mineral and precious stones masters, healers and the guardians of shamans . In the text we analyze the onto- logical status of apus as non-human persons, the impact of apus on human lives and rela- tionships between humans and apus that rely on reciprocity or predation.
DESIGN, SIMULATION AND MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF A VEHICLE TIRE AND CHASSIS SYSTEM AT A TURN.
Authors: Bisong Mbelle Samuel , Felix Paune , Brandon Lokoue D. Romaric , Talla Pierre Kisito
Published: February 2020

Road security has become with time a topic of concern in our society as per the increasing number of accidents and deaths occurring on the highways. Regulatory experts on road users have constantly been working for ways to solve this problem and thence better the lives of the citizens. This paper is aimed at proposing a mathematical model integrating specific parameters, describing the dynamic lateral behavior of a vehicle’s tire and chassis systems and enabling to state a relationship between road characteristics and vehicle dynamics. To achieve this, we made used of the fundamental theorems of dynamics for the modeling of the vehicle’s suspended and non-suspended masses and load transfers, then we associated this with the Pacejka Tire model to obtain a complete vehicle model. After the particularization of a global model, a simulator was realized named “DYNAUTO SIMULATOR” which iterates the given variables to produce a consistent result. After an experimental research made on the Ndokoti – PK 24 road section we could, thanks to our simulator determine the maximum speed to have at every turn of this road section and also understand the effect of the modification of a vehicle’s center of gravity on its stability. This work will be an important tool which can be recommended to the regulatory board as a major asset in the road construction policy and also in the improvement of road safety measures.
Atualização da doutrina de gerenciamento de crises: Incidentes policiais e centros de consciência situacional C5I na quarta revolução industrial
Authors: Aguilar Paulo Augusto
Published: February 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo abordar a atualização de gerenciamento de crises. Trata-se de um tema bastante importante para a atividade policial, pois visa a expandir a possibilidade das polícias brasileiras, seja militar, civil ou federal, de investigar delitos diversos, relacionados à segurança pública, ao fornecer conceitos de Big Data, Data Mining, Data Storytelling e Business Intelligence como forma de gerar melhor consciência situacional e imagem operacional comum de incidentes de todos os tipos e tamanhos, tudo isso com a flexibilidade de aplicativos disponíveis em smartphones, em tempo real, agilizando a capacidade de resposta e de adaptação do Estado diante de cenários VUCA, utilizado para descrever cenários caracterizados por volatilidade (volatility), incerteza (uncertainty), complexidade (complexity) e ambiguidade (ambiguity).
Sustainability Assessment of Activated Carbon from Residual Biomass used for Micropollutant Removal at a Full-Scale Wastewater Treatment Plant
Authors: Joseph Ben , Kaetzl Korbinian , Hensgen Frank , Schäfer Bernhard , Wachendorf Michael
Published: February 2020

Activated carbon (AC) used for removal of organic micropollutants in European wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is usually produced from non-renewable resources that need to be transported over long distances. Utilising local residual biomass as a raw material may be advantageous in terms of sustainability. This study investigated the environmental and energy balances of using biowaste and biomass from landscape management for micropollutant removal at a commercial scale WWTP. Both residual biomasses were processed using the integrated generation of solid fuel and biogas from biomass (IFBB) technique to obtain a press cake that was used as feedstock for AC production. The results showed a lower global warming potential (GWP) and cumulative energy demand in comparison to a fossil-based conventional AC. Differences in GWP between residual and fossil ACs were enhanced when the end-of-life incineration step was considered, and residual AC had a lower social risk associated with its production. Energy efficiency of AC production was substantially increased by utilising waste heat generated in the pyrolysis process of biochar and by using electricity generated in a combined heat and power plant using biogas from the methanation of IFBB press fluids. Converting residual biomass into activated carbon using IFBB and a state-of-the-art pyrolysis and activation unit along with energy recovery would aid WWTPs to become self-sufficient in terms of raw materials and improve the sustainability of WWTPs.
A Word of Caution about Many Labs 4: If You Fail to Follow Your Preregistered Plan, You May Fail to Find a Real Effect
Authors: Chatard Armand , Hirschberger Gilad , Pyszczynski Tom
Published: February 2020

A team of 37 researchers (Many Labs 4; Klein et al., 2019) has recently reported that it has failed to replicate the effect of mortality salience on worldview defense – a classic finding from terror management theory (TMT). This collaborative project (21 labs, N = 2220) has the potential to provide useful information regarding the robustness of an often-replicated and influential empirical finding. However, Klein et al. (2019) deviated from their preregistered plan by including smaller samples than specified in their pre-registration. This undisclosed deviation from their plan is problematic because it undermines the potential benefits of pre-registration; indeed, the negative results of their meta-analyses appear to be predominantly driven by small studies. We reanalyzed the Many Labs 4 data after excluding studies that did not meet the preregistered minimum sample size (40 participants per cell). Results showed that the data actually do replicate the original study. This successful replication emerged only in the expert advice variation of these studies, which addresses one of the purposes of this study by showing that replication is more likely to occur when researchers follow the advice of researchers with considerable experience in this domain. We discuss the importance of following preregistered plans to avoid misleading conclusions and potential issues involved with literal replications of effects that may depend on societal zeitgeist at the time data are collected.
Types of Neurosurgical Patients Requiring Tracheostomy- Institution Based Study
Authors: Rajbanshi Jagat Narayan , Yadav Arbindra Kumar , Thapa Dinesh Kumar , Karki Karuna Tamrakar
Published: February 2020

Background and purpose: Tracheostomy is common surgical procedure among neurosurgical patients who are ventilater dependent for prolonged period of time in neuro ICU. With the objective to analyzed various type of neurosurgical patients requiring tracheostomy this study was performed.

Material and method: This is a Crossectional , Analytical stydt with Non probability consecutive sampling over the duration of 2 years. Association between age vs categories of different pathologies and Gender is categories of different neurological pathologies were analysed using Chi square test/fishers exact test wherever applicable using SPSS20.

 Result: There were total of 85 patients who underwent tracheostomy for various types of pathologies in our institute over the duration of two years. Mean age of patients who undergone tracheostomy was 45.26 ( SD 18.9) years and they ranged between 8 and 86 years. Among all these categories head injuries accounted for 45% of cases followed by ICH (28%).

 Conclusion: Head Injury and intracerebral hemorrhage seems to be the common pathology requiring tracheostomy in tertiary neurosurgical centre. Young and male patients are more predominant in this study.
GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION AND CENTRALITY IN THE BRAZILIAN NORTHEAST
Authors: Lemos Garcia Denise , Silva Gabriel Francisco da , Souza André Luiz Gomes de , Bisneto José Pereira Mascarenhas , Silva Emerson de Sousa
Published: February 2020

This article discusses the subject of Geographical Indication and level of centrality, by using the hierarchization of municipalities from the Brazilian Northeast region as a tool for discussion and analysis. This article is mainly aimed at hierarchizing municipalities from the Brazilian Northeast region by taking into account their respective contributions to the development of non-public service products between 2002 and 2017, considering five geographical subdivisions (microregion, mesoregion, State, region and country) in the perspective of identifying the level of centrality and a relationship with Geographical Indications. This work is characterised as an exploratory-descriptive research with a quali-quantitative approach, having analysed data from the Automatic Recovery System (SIDRA, in Portuguese) from IBGE (the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) and considering 1,792 municipalities from the Brazilian Northeast. The results indicate that among the 1,792 municipalities included in the study, 1,028 (57.4% of all municipalities studied) observed an increase to their scores. In addition, the main changes that took place in these municipalities between 2002 and 2017 included the increase in the homogeneity in the region, when regarding the profile of participation in the development of non-public service products from higher geographical subdivisions. With that, it can be stated that the non-public service sector creates a level of hierarchy in the municipalities from the Brazilian Northeast in terms of their volumes, corroborating the assumption drawn in this work that the spatial layout of cities has an effect on the centralities of places, with the territory and its centrality level having an impact on Geographical Indications, as the quality and standardization of products/services represent the result of the combined effort and actions carried out by some groups of local producers in certain territories. This highlights the relationship between this group and the local tradition, typicality and culture, as well as with the physical and climate aspects of the territory, which contributes to its local development.
Nutritional Health, Food Safety and its Social Determinants
Authors: Almeida Castro Luis Henrique , Mendes Monteiro Geanlucas , Penaves de Alencar Gildiney , Teixeira Pereira Thiago , De Carvalho Moreto Fernanda Viana , Santa Cruz Lucas Rodrigues , Alcará Ferreira Breno , Mochi Romero de Oliveira Pedro , Assalin Zorgetto-Pinheiro Verônica , Martins Viegas de Oliveira Cristiane
Published: February 2020

In its latest report, the United Nations for Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) pointed out that the number of those who go hungry increased for the third year in a row affecting about 821 million people worldwide in 2018. Moreover, for the most part, studies show that food insecurity tends to follow social trends in such a way that it is precisely population groups in minorities or marginalized who are most likely to be exposed to food shortages and/or lack of access to adequate food. In this scenario, the concepts of food safety and insecurity gain prominence in the international debate playing a role of relevance to global public health. Achieving a healthy and sustainable food model is today one of the main objectives of modern and globalized society. With this, the main objective of this study is to collect in the scientific literature and discuss briefly about the social, environmental and geopolitical determinants that are (or should be) involved in the continuous process of effective human right to adequate feeding.
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy with choroid plexus cauterization for the treatment of infantile hydrocephalus in Haiti
Authors: Shah Ashish H. , LaFortune Yudy , Ibrahim George M. , Cajigas Iahn , Ragheb Michael , Chen Stephanie H. , Barthélemy Ernest J. , Henry Ariel , Ragheb John
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVE

Untreated hydrocephalus poses a significant health risk to children in the developing world. In response to this risk, global neurosurgical efforts have increasingly focused on endoscopic third ventriculostomy with choroid plexus cauterization (ETV/CPC) in the management of infantile hydrocephalus in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Here, the authors report their experience with ETV/CPC at the Hospital Bernard-Mevs/Project Medishare (HBMPM) in Port-au-Prince, Haiti.

METHODS

The authors conducted a retrospective review of a series of consecutive children who had undergone ETV/CPC for hydrocephalus over a 1-year period at HBMPM. The primary outcome of interest was time to ETV/CPC failure. Univariate and multivariate analyses using a Cox proportional hazards regression were performed to identify preoperative factors that were associated with outcomes.

RESULTS

Of the 82 children who underwent ETV/CPC, 52.2% remained shunt free at the last follow-up (mean 6.4 months). On univariate analysis, the ETV success score (ETVSS; p = 0.002), success of the attempted ETV (p = 0.018), and bilateral CPC (p = 0.045) were associated with shunt freedom. In the multivariate models, a lower ETVSS was independently associated with a poor outcome (HR 0.072, 95% CI 0.016–0.32, p < 0.001). Two children (2.4%) died of postoperative seizures.

CONCLUSIONS

As in other LMICs, ETV/CPC is an effective treatment for hydrocephalus in children in Haiti, with a low but significant risk profile. Larger multinational prospective databases may further elucidate the ideal candidate for ETV/CPC in resource-poor settings.
Anterior peri-insular quadrantotomy: a cadaveric white matter dissection study
Authors: Gonzalez-Lopez Pablo , Cossu Giulia , Pralong Etienne , Baldoncini Matias , Messerer Mahmoud , Daniel Roy Thomas
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVE

Anterior quadrant disconnection represents a safe surgical option in well-selected pediatric patients with a large frontal lobe lesion anterior to the motor cortex. The understanding of the anatomy of the white matter tracts connecting the frontal lobe with the rest of the cerebrum forms the basis of a safe and successful disconnective surgery. The authors explored and illustrated the relevant white matter tracts sectioned during each surgical step using fiber dissection techniques.

METHODS

Five human cadaveric hemispheres were dissected to illustrate the frontal connections in the 3 planes. The dissections were performed from lateral to medial, medial to lateral, and ventral to dorsal to describe the various tracts sectioned during the 4 steps of this surgery, namely the anterior suprainsular window, intrafrontal disconnection, anterior callosotomy, and frontobasal disconnection.

RESULTS

At the beginning of each surgical step, the U fibers were cut. During the anterior suprainsular window, the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), the uncinate fasciculus, and the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF) were visualized and sectioned, followed by sectioning of the anterior limb of the internal capsule. During the intrafrontal disconnection, the SLF was cut, along with the corona radiata. At the medial surface the cingulum was sectioned. The anterior callosotomy disconnected the anterior third of the body of the callosum, the genu, and the rostrum. The frontobasal disconnection addressed the last remaining fibers connecting the frontal lobe with the rest of the hemisphere, namely the anterior limb of the anterior commissure.

CONCLUSIONS

The anterior peri-insular quadrantotomy aims at effectively treating children with large lesions of the frontal lobe anterior to the motor cortex. A precise understanding of the gyral anatomy of this lobe along with the several white matter connections is crucial to avoid motor complications and to ensure complete disconnection.
Genomic alterations underlying spinal metastases in pediatric H3K27M-mutant pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation: case report
Authors: Fomchenko Elena I. , Erson-Omay E. Zeynep , Kundishora Adam J. , Hong Christopher S. , Daniel Ava A. , Allocco August , Duy Phan Q. , Darbinyan Armine , Marks Asher M. , DiLuna Michael L. , Kahle Kristopher T. , Huttner Anita
Published: February 2020

Pediatric midline tumors are devastating high-grade lesions with a dismal prognosis and no curative surgical options. Here, the authors report the clinical presentation, surgical management, whole-exome sequencing (WES), and clonality analysis of a patient with a radically resected H3K27M-mutant pineal parenchymal tumor (PPT) and spine metastases consistent with PPT of intermediate differentiation (PPTID). They identified somatic mutations in H3F3A (H3K27M), FGFR1, and NF1 both in the original PPT and in the PPTID metastases. They also found 12q amplification containing CDK4/MDM2 and chromosome 17 loss of heterozygosity overlapping with NF1 that resulted in biallelic NF1 loss. They noted a hypermutated phenotype with increased C>T transitions within the PPTID metastases and 2p amplification overlapping with the MYCN locus. Clonality analysis detected three founder clones maintained during progression and metastasis. Tumor clones present within the PPTID metastases but not the pineal midline tumor harbored mutations in APC and TIMP2.

While the majority of H3K27M mutations are found in pediatric midline gliomas, it is increasingly recognized that this mutation is present in a wider range of lesions with a varied morphological appearance. The present case appears to be the first description of H3K27M mutation in PPTID. Somatic mutations in H3F3A, FGFR1, and NF1 have been suggested to be driver mutations in pediatric midline gliomas. Their clonality and presence in over 80% of tumor cells in our patient’s PPTID are consistent with similarly crucial roles in early tumorigenesis, with progression mediated by copy number variations and chromosomal aberrations involving known oncogenes and tumor suppressors. The roles of APC and TIMP2 mutations in progression and metastasis remain to be investigated.
Enhancing outcomes of endoscopic vertical approach hemispherotomy: understanding the role of “temporal stem” residual connections causing recurrence of seizures
Authors: Girishan Shabari , Tripathi Manjari , Garg Ajay , Doddamani Ramesh , Bajaj Jitin , Ramanujam Bhargavi , Chandra P. Sarat
Published: February 2020

Objective

The authors sought to analyze the residual connections formed by the temporal stem as a cause for seizure recurrence following endoscopic vertical interhemispheric hemispherotomy and to review and compare lateral approach (perisylvian) with vertical approach surgical techniques to highlight the anatomical factors responsible for residual connections.

METHODS

This study was a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent endoscopic hemispherotomy for drug-resistant epilepsy. Postoperative MR images were analyzed. Specific attention was given to anatomical 3D-acquired thin-section T1 images to assess the extent of disconnection, which was confirmed with a diffusion tensor imaging sequence. Cadaver brain dissection was done to analyze the anatomical factors responsible for persistent connections.

RESULTS

Of 39 patients who underwent surgery, 80% (31/39) were seizure free (follow-up of 23.61 ± 8.25 months) following the first surgery. Thirty patients underwent postoperative MRI studies, which revealed persistent connections in 14 patients (11 temporal stem only; 3 temporal stem + amygdala + splenium). Eight of these 14 patients had persistent seizures. In 4 of these 8 patients, investigations revealed good concordance with the affected hemisphere, and repeat endoscopic disconnection of the residual connection was performed. Two of the 8 patients were lost to follow-up, and 2 had bihemispheric seizure onset. The 4 patients who underwent repeat endoscopic disconnection had seizure-free outcomes following the second surgery, increasing the good outcome total among all patients to 90% (35/39). Cadaveric brain dissection analysis revealed the anatomical factors responsible for the persistence of residual connections.

CONCLUSIONS

In endoscopic vertical approach interhemispheric hemispherotomy (and also vertical approach parasagittal hemispherotomy) the temporal stem, which lies deep and parallel to the plane of disconnection, is prone to be missed, which might lead to persistent or recurrent seizures. The recognition of this limitation can lead to improved seizure outcome. The amygdala and splenium are areas less commonly prone to be missed during surgery.
Cerebral cavernomas in adults and children express relaxin
Authors: Gewiss Caroline , Hagel Christian , Krajewski Kara
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVE

To shed light on the role of relaxin in cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) in adults and children, the authors investigated endothelial cell (EC) expression of relaxin 1, 2, and 3; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor–1 and –2 (VEGFR-1 and -2); Ki-67; vascular geometry; and hemorrhage, as well as the clinical presentation of 32 patients with surgically resected lesions.

METHODS

Paraffin-embedded sections of 32 CCMs and 5 normal nonvascular lesion control (NVLC) brain tissue samples were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies to relaxin 1, 2, and 3; angiogenesis growth factor receptors Flt-1 (VEGFR-1) and Flk-1 (VEGFR-2); and proliferation marker Ki-67. For morphometric analysis, Elastica van Gieson stain was used, and for hemorrhage demonstration, Turnbull stain was used. Data from the pediatric and adult CCMs were compared with each other and with those obtained from the NVLCs. Statistical analyses were performed with Fisher’s exact test, the chi-square test, the phi correlation coefficient, and the Student t-test. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant.

RESULTS

Pediatric and adult cavernoma vessels did not significantly differ in diameter. Hemorrhage was observed in CCMs but not in NVLC samples (p < 0.05). There was no difference in expression of Ki-67, VEGFR-1 and -2, and relaxin 1, 2, and 3 in the ECs of pediatric and adult CCMs. The ECs of CCMs were largely negative for relaxin 3 compared to NVLCs (p < 0.05), whereas CCMs, compared to control brain tissue samples, more frequently expressed Flt-1 and relaxin 2 (p < 0.05). Ki-67 was not expressed in the NVLCs, but the difference was not statistically significant. Relaxin 1 and 2 expression and increased expression of VEGFR-1 were associated with a supra- versus infratentorial location (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Relaxin 1 and 2 and VEGFR-1 play a role in supratentorial cavernomas. Relaxin 3 may play a physiological role in normal brain vasculature. Relaxin 1 and 3 are also found in normal cerebral vasculature. Relaxin 1, 2, and 3 are associated with increased VEGFR-1 expression.
Effectiveness of Dents-Voice to Increase Knowledge of Dental and Mouth Health and Decrease the Debris Index
Authors: Maryani Yeni , Herlina Rita , Ayatullah M. Ibraar
Published: February 2020

60.5% of the population in West Kalimantan have problems with oral health. One of them is children with special needs who are blind. Promoting media used for children with special needs is different from the media used for healthy children. Dents-Voice is a teaching aid designed for children with visual impairment as a media for counseling oral health. This device will make a sound when the button is pressed. The sound that comes out is in the form of information relating to damage to the teeth, causes and how to prevent them. This study aims to discover the effectiveness of Dents-Voice props as an educational medium in improving dental and oral health knowledge and can reduce the index debris of the blind. This research is a quasi-experimental pre and posttest without control from a quantitative approach. This research was conducted at SLBN Mempawah Hilir, Ar-Rahmah Foundation, and Al-Iqra Foundation. The population of this research was 21 people. The sample of this study used a total sampling technique. The results of the study used a Paired Sample T-Test; the average value of respondents' initial knowledge was 71.86 and after counseling it, it rose to 90.71 with a P.Value of 0,000. The average value of the respondents' initial index debris was 1.80 and after counseling it, it dropped to 1.09 with a P.Value value of 0,000. The conclusions of this study show that Dents-Voice is effective for increasing knowledge and decreasing the debris index for the blind.
Method of selection of optimal damping coefficients for torsional vibration dampers of crankshafts of automobile and tractor engines
Authors: Gots A. N
Published: February 2020

We have analyzed of free oscillations of the reduced torsional system of the crankshaft of a six-cylinder piston engine with the rubber or liquid damper. When we installed the torsional vibration damper on the crankshaft, than it changes the frequency of free oscillations. For the rubber damper it is changing the freguency of free oscillations while we is added mass of the body of the damper and the coefficient of rigidity of the rubber layer and the moment of inertia of the flywheel, which is added to the moment of inertia .the first mass (the toe of the crankshaft). For liquid torsional vibration damper, the flywheel which has no direct connection with the toe of the crankshaft, the calculation of free oscillations is half the moment of inertia of the flywheel, fluid damper end to the moment of inertia of the sock. We consider the procedure for selecting the optimal damping coefficients of dampers, and, namely, the moments of inertia of the flywheel damper and damping coefficients. When selecting the amplitudes of the free oscillations of the mass of the damper flywheel and the crankshaft wear (or damper body) in a complex form and substituting derivatives of these quantities in the differential equations of free oscillations, the functions that can be taken as optimization parameters are obtained. In this case, the amplitude of the torsional vibrations of the crankshaft wear is reduced as much as possible with the optimal damping or the maximum of the energy dissipated in the damper. For internal friction dampers, a rubber layer stiffness coefficient is added in addition to the specified parameters. It is shown that these selected parameters also affect the circular frequency of free oscillations, so their selection should be carried out taking into account this circumstance.
Problems of operation of small-capacity automobile trailers in various fields of agriculture
Authors: Godzhaev Z. A , Balakina E. V , Korolyash V. A
Published: February 2020

The article discusses the prospects for the development and use of SRT (small-tonnage road trains) with a controlled coupling device developed and confirmed by the application (2018137360) of Volgograd State Technical University and Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM. Small-tonnage road trains in terms of noise, ecology and fuel consumption are much superior to main-line trains when used in megacities, as well as in difficult road conditions. An increase in the number of small enterprises in recent years, including enterprises engaged in agriculture, maintenance of greenhouses, retail outlets, hunting and the provision of services in this area, increases the need for small trailers used in conjunction with automobiles. A controlled hitch allows eliminating «wobble», as well as providing the ability to steer in reverse. In various sectors of the national economic activity, SRT has advantages in servicing small enterprises, cooperatives, greenhouses and agricultural enterprises. Among other things, it does not require retraining of drivers and a quick payback time of less than 3 months. SRT is a universal type of transport. This is achieved by the development of various trailed platforms necessary to carry out various types of work. It can also be a trailed mini-plant for processing and recycling waste from agricultural enterprises (cowsheds, poultry farms, greenhouses, etc.). A possible option is a mini workshop, a kitchen, a mobile first-aid post for servicing workers engaged in sowing, cleaning, etc. In connection with new trends in the development of road transport, it is advisable to develop SRTs in an automated control option, through GLONASS using the Skif and Scout systems, as well as the trailer’s ability to independently move in geopolation mode for various tasks. With all the obvious advantages, there are negative phenomena that require thorough study and the possibility of eliminating these phenomena. Studies require the movement of a SRT with a high trailer when exposed to large or cyclic lateral forces, as well as the exclusion of wobble when moving along a longitudinal track and when overtaking.
Challenges in the diagnosis of severe renal trauma in child: A case report and literature review
Authors: Zhang Zejian , Zhang Yixiang , Wang Xisheng , Fang Liekui , Chen Dong , Peng Naixiong , Thakker Parth , Wang Qinjun , Zhang Yuanyuan
Published: February 2020

INTRODUCTION:

To report the management and outcome of one case of pediatric patient sustaining high-grade blunt renal trauma. We present and discuss the clinical characteristics and radiologic features of the patient.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

A 10 years old child was admitted for serious blunt renal trauma formed a huge urinoma in the right renal after injury gradually in 2018. We treated the patient with synchronous percutaneous nephrostomy drainage and retrograde ureteral catheterization. A retrospective review was performed of this case, including the clinical features, imaging studies and short-term follow-up. A literature review was also performed to highlight the principals of diagnosis and treatment of severe blunt renal trauma in children.

RESULTS:

After drainage, the symptoms of abdominal distension gradually disappeared, and the physical examination shows that the abdomen gradually reduced to normal. The huge urinoma was cured by synchronous drainge. No complications occurred in short-term follow-up.

COMMENTS:

The choice of surgical treatment is based on the degree and location of renal trauma. Grade IV injuries are a heterogeneous group and management should be tailored to the patient, especially among pediatric patients. Persistent urinary extravasation and/or symptomatic urinoma is a common complication of high-grade renal trauma, which will be amenable to ureteral stent placement or percutaneous drainage. For huge urinoma, synchronous percutaneous nephrostomy drainage and retrograde ureteral catheterization can relieve symptoms quickly.
Reduced emissivity – a factor for the accuracy in pyrometric measurements
Authors: Khodunkov V. P.
Published: February 2020

The problem of accuracy of pyrometric measurements connected with convergence of indications of various pyrometers is considered. Theoretically justified observed in the practice of pyrometric measurements over estimation of the measured temperature and the discrepancy between the readings of different pyrometers. The reason for the discrepancy in the readings is the use of an approximate calculation ratio for the reduced radiation coefficient in the pyrometric measurement equation. The conditions of application of this equation are formulated. The results of calculations of the reduced radiation coefficient are given and practical recommendations for improving the accuracy of pyrometric measurements are given.
Analysis of parameters for smoothing electrocardiographic signals Aleksandr A. Fedotov
Authors: Fedotov A.A.
Published: February 2020

The article is devoted to the consideration of the features of smoothing filtering of ECG signal against the background of electromyographic distortions of various magnitude. The main goal of the research is comparative analysis of various options for the implementation of smoothing filtering of an ECG signal contaminated by myographic interference in order to determine the optimal approach in terms of minimizing biosignal distortions and measurement errors of its amplitude-time characteristics. To obtain quantitative characteristics of effectiveness of various methods for smoothing filtering of the ECG signal, we used an approach based on simulation models of the ECG signal and distortions. A criterion for choosing the optimal parameters for smoothing filtering of the ECG signal based on minimizing the errors in determining the durations of RR-intervals and distortions of the ECG signal was proposed. Various options for smoothing filters are considered: low-pass filtering, multiscale wavelet transform, Savitzky–Golay filtering, moving average filtering. The optimal parameters for each type of filter are determined in terms of minimizing the distortion of the ECG signal and the measurement error of the durations of RR-intervals. The dependences of the change in the measurement error of the durations of RR-intervals on the signal-to-noise ratio, the dependences of the change in the signal distortion coefficient on the signal-to-noise ratio, the plots of processing the noisy fragment of ECG signal by various types of filters are presented. Research have shown that multiscale wavelet transforms of ECG signal with myographic interference is the optimal method for processing an ECG signal, providing minimal measurement errors of RR-intervals with minimal distortion of the ECG signal.
Pengaruh Nilai-Nilai Pencak Silat terhadap Kepribadian Siswa Madrasah
Authors: Aziz Abdul , Suharmoko Suharmoko
Published: February 2020

This research will investigate how much influence the values of Pencak silat on the personality of students in MTs Muhammadiyah 1 Salawati, Sorong Regency. The purpose of this study is to describe the influence of Pencak silat values on student personality. The study population was all students who participated in martial arts activities. This research uses quantitative research. Data collection methods are carried out through observation, documentation, and questionnaires. This research was conducted during extracurricular activities. Data collection techniques are done using a questionnaire (Questionnaire). The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis with the help of SPSS 16 statistical data processing software. The results of the data analysis showed that there was no significant effect between Pencak silat values on the personality of students of MTs Muhammadiyah 1 Salawati, Sorong Regency, which only had an effect of 11, 5%.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MELALUI PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN CONTEXTUAL TEACHINGAND LEARNING (CTL)
Authors: . Razali
Published: February 2020

This study aims to determine the increase in student learning outcomes after applying Mathematics learning to numeracy operations material through the use of the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) Approach for Grade IV students of SD Negeri 1 Panton Rayeuk T, East Aceh District. This type of research uses Classroom Action Research conducted in two cycles. The research subjects were grade IV students, amounting to 26 students. The results show that through the use of the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) Approach, it turns out student learning outcomes increase in each cycle. Mastery of the material at the initial condition is still very low or has not worked well. Out of 26 students, only 15 students (33%) achieved the Minimum Mastery Criteria (KKM) which was set at 70 with an average value of 52. From the results of the research revealed that in cycle I the average value of students amounted to 69, learning completeness reached 58 %, the achievement of this value shows an increase in the value acquisition in the initial conditions. While in cycle II (the average value of students 78 and mastery learning reached 88%. The conclusion of this study was the use of Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) Approach in Mathematics learning of numerical operations material can have a positive effect on increasing student learning outcomes in class IV semester II of the academic year 2016-2017SD Negeri 1 Panton Rayeuk T East Aceh Regency.
Methylprednisolone Modulates Intracranial Pressure in the Brain Cellular Edema Induced by Water Intoxication
Authors: KOZLER P. , MAREŠOVÁ D. , POKORNÝ J.
Published: February 2020

Continuous monitoring of the intracranial pressure (ICP) detects impending intracranial hypertension resulting from the impaired intracranial volume homeostasis, when expanding volume generates pressure increase. In this study, cellular brain edema (CE) was induced in rats by water intoxication (WI). Methylprednisolone (MP) was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) before the start of CE induction, during the induction and after the induction. ICP was monitored for 60 min within 20 h after the completion of the CE induction by fibreoptic pressure transmitter. In rats with induced CE, ICP was increased (MeanSEM: 14.25±2.12) as well as in rats with MP administration before the start of CE induction (10.55±1.27). In control rats without CE induction (4.62±0.24) as well as in rats with MP applied during CE induction (5.52±1.32) and in rats with MP applied after the end of CE induction (6.23±0.73) ICP was normal. In the last two groups of rats, though the CE was induced, intracranial volume homeostasis was not impaired, intracranial volume as well as ICP were not increased. It is possible to conclude that methylprednisolone significantly influenced intracranial homeostasis and thus also the ICP values in the model of cellular brain edema.
Gender-Dependent Expression of Leading and Passenger Strand of miR-21 and miR-16 in Human Colorectal Cancer and Adjacent Colonic Tissues
Authors: HASÁKOVÁ K. , BEZAKOVA J. , VICIAN M. , REIS R. , ZEMAN M. , HERICHOVA I.
Published: February 2020

miRNAs are small regulatory RNA molecules involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing. Their biosynthesis results in the formation of duplex consisting of a leading and a passenger strand of mature miRNA. The leading strand exhibits the main activity but recent findings indicate a certain role of the passenger strand as well. Deregulated levels of miRNA were found in many types of cancers including colorectal cancer. miR-21 and miR-16 were indicated as possible markers of colorectal cancer, however, small attention to gender differences in their expression was paid so far. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the expression of miR-21-5p, miR-21-3p, miR-16-5p and miR-16-3p in human colorectal cancer tissue and compare it to the adjacent tissues taken during surgery in men and women separately. Our results showed an up-regulation of all measured miRNAs in tumor tissue compared to adjacent tissues. As expected, tumors and adjacent tissues exhibited a significantly higher expression of leading miRNAs compared to passenger strand of miR-21 and miR-16. The expression of leading and passenger strand of miR-21 and miR-16 positively correlated exhibiting the highest correlation coefficient in the distal tissue. The expression pattern showed gender-dependent differences, with higher levels of miRNA in men than in women. Our findings indicate a gender-related expression pattern of miRNA, which should be considered as an important factor in generating new prognostic or diagnostic biomarkers.
The Impact of Peukert-Effect on Optimal Control of a Battery-Electrically Driven Airplane
Authors: Settele Ferdinand , Holzapfel Florian , Knoll Alexander
Published: February 2020

Further investigation on the impact of the so called Peukert effect on optimal control of a battery-electrically driven airplane is presented. To analyse the impact of the Peukert effect, an ideal model without this battery concerning effect and a realistic model containing different Peukert exponents are built up. For the different models, optimal trajectories are generated and altitude dependency of a maximum range horizontal flight criterion is investigated. On the one hand, it can be shown that the Peukert effect causes a special form of optimal trajectories. On the other hand, it turns out that range optimal horizontal flight is more efficient in lower altitudes, if the Peukert effect is taken into account. The particular efficiency properties of battery electrical propulsion can be explained with its consumption characteristic, which appear in form of a power function with real exponent.
Targeted-Release Organic Acids and Essential Oils Improve Performance and Digestive Function in Broilers under a Necrotic Enteritis Challenge
Authors: Abdelli Nedra , Pérez José Francisco , Vilarrasa Ester , Cabeza Luna Irene , Melo-Duran Diego , D’Angelo Matilde , Solà-Oriol David
Published: February 2020

An experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of four different microencapsulated blends of organic acids (OA) and nature-identical aromatic compounds (AC) on growth performance and gut health of broilers challenged with a recycled NE litter. A total of 600 one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned to five treatments consisting of a basal diet (as negative control) supplemented with each of the tested microencapsulated blends: OA1 (malic and fumaric acid) + AC; 2.5 g/kg; OA2 (calcium butyrate+fumaric acid) + AC; 1.7 g/kg; MCFA (capric-caprylic; caproic and lauric acid) + AC; 2 g/kg; and MCFA + OA3 (calcium butyrate+fumaric and citric acid) + AC; 1.5 g/kg. The AC used was the same for all treatments; including cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, and thymol (8:1:1), as major compounds. Three tested blends enhanced growth performance by improving intestinal histomorphology (p < 0.001). The tested blends enhanced the abundance of some beneficial families such as Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae; while reducing that of harmful ones such as Enterobacteriaceae and Helicobacteraceae. A further dose-response experiment showed that 0.5 g/kg of the blend 2 and 2 g/kg of the blend 4 improved growth performance and intestinal histomorphology of chickens on d 42 and decreased fecal Enterobacteriaceae and C. perfringens counts. Similar effects to the previous experiment were observed for cecum microbiota.
The Effect of Camellia oleifera Cake Polysaccharides on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Meat Quality, Blood Profile, and Caecum Microorganisms in Yellow Broilers
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhang Mengyu , Gou Zhongyong , Jiang Shouqun , Zhang Yingzhong , Wang Minghuai , Tang Xuxiao , Xu Baohua
Published: February 2020

The study was carried out to evaluate the influence of polysaccharides from Camellia oleifera cake (CCP) in Lingnan yellow broilers diet from 1 to 50 days. Growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, blood profile, and caecum microorganisms were characterized by three different levels of 0, 200 and 800 mg/kg CCP supplementation. Dietary treatment did not affect the productive trait from 1 to 50 days of age, except that average daily feed intake decreased at 42 days of age (p < 0.05). Additionally, the effects of CCP on various organs were different. The weight (p < 0.01) and index (p < 0.05) of bursa of Fabricius gradually decreased with the higher CCP supplementation at 21 days of the broilers diet. The gizzard weights were all higher when the broilers were fed with higher CCP concentration at 21, 42, and 50 days, respectively (p < 0.05). The weight and index of the spleen increased most with low CCP concentration (200 mg/kg) at 42 and 50 days. Moreover, CCP addition had no significant effect on meat quality except cooking loss (P < 0.05) and yellowness of meat color (p < 0.05). In the study of blood metabolism at 50 days of broilers, the concentration of calcium (p < 0.01), total cholesterol (p < 0.05) and uric acid (p < 0.01) decreased with higher CCP supplementation. CCP increased the albumin concentration (p < 0.001) that was highest at 200 mg/kg CCP supplementation. The addition of CCP increased the number of Lactobacillus and Enterococcus faecalis (p < 0.01) in the caecum of broilers, and had the potential to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli (p = 0.11). Results showed that CCP played a role in improving intestinal flora and the immunity of yellow broilers.
Characterization of Aerosol Physical and Optical Properties at the Observatoire Pérenne de l’Environnement (OPE) Site
Authors: Farah Antoine , Villani Paolo , Rose Clemence , Conil Sebastien , Langrene Laurent , Laj Paolo , Sellegri Karine
Published: February 2020

The Observatoire Pérenne de l’Environnement (OPE) station is a rural background site located in North-Eastern France. Besides emissions from agricultural activities, the site is located far from local emissions but at an even distance from the intense emission zones of Western Germany to the north-east and the Paris area to the south-west. In the paper, we report and analyze almost six years of measurements (1 May 2012 to 31 December 2018) of the optical and physical properties of aerosol particles. Based on aerosol optical and physical measurements combined with air mass back-trajectories, we investigate the dependence of these properties on air mass type. Two distinct equivalent black carbon (EBC) sources—origins-fossil fuel (FF) and biomass burning (BB)— were identified. FF was the dominant source of EBC (>70%) but showed a very marked seasonal variation. BB fraction is found higher during the cold seasons in the order of 35% (0.1 µg m−3) against 17% (0.05 µg m−3) during the warm seasons. The highest EBC and N0.54–1.15 (particles whose diameter ranged from 0.54 to 1.15 µm) median concentrations were observed during the night time and during the cold seasons compared to the warmer seasons, indicating primary sources trapped within a thin boundary layer (BL). A different behavior is found for N10–550 (particles whose diameter ranged from 10 to 550 nm) and coarse mode particles (N1.15–4.5, i.e., particles whose diameter ranged from 1.15 to 4.5 µm) median concentrations, which were observed during the warm seasons compared to the cold seasons, indicating rather biogenic secondary sources for the smaller particles, and potentially primary biogenic sources for the coarse mode particles. The scattering and absorption coefficients and single scattering albedo (SSA) show the same seasonal variations like the ones of N0.54–1.15 concentrations, indicating that particles larger than 500 nm seemed to contribute the most to the optical properties of the aerosol.