bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Mild Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Direct ortho‐C—H Acylation of Anilides under Aqueous Conditions.
Authors: Szabo Fruzsina , Daru Janos , Simko Daniel , Nagy Tibor Zs. , Stirling Andras , Novak Zoltan
Published: July 2013

The rate accelerating effect of long chain anionic detergent and trifluoroacetic acid under aqueous conditions is shown.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Protocol for the Preparation of Amides by Copper‐Catalyzed Reactions Between Nitriles and Amines in Water.
Authors: Li Xiaoya , Li Zhengkai , Deng Hang , Zhou Xiangge
Published: July 2013

The reaction is best carried out with pipecolic acid as the co‐catalyst without any other additives.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Decarboxylative Cyanoalkylation of Imines by Using Palladium Pincer Complexes with C2‐Symmetric Chiral Bis(imidazoline)s.
Authors: Hyodo Kengo , Kondo Masaru , Funahashi Yasuhiro , Nakamura Shuichi
Published: July 2013

For the first time the title reaction tolerating a range of imines is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: C—H Functionalization of Enamides: Synthesis of β‐Amidovinyl Sulfones via Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis.
Authors: Jiang Heng , Chen Xuejiao , Zhang Yan , Yu Shouyun
Published: July 2013

The reaction is conducted under environmentally benign and mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: The Sulfinyl Group as a Remote Chiral Auxiliary in Stereoselective Conjugate Additions of Alkyl Groups to α‐Methylidene Carbonyl Compounds Initiated by Et3B/O2.
Authors: Fernandez‐Salas Jose Antonio , Maestro M. Carmen , Rodriguez‐Fernandez M. Mercedes , Garcia Ruano Jose L.
Published: July 2013

The outcome of this reaction depends on the type of radical used.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterobimetallic Ir—Sn Catalysis: Aza‐Friedel—Crafts Reaction of N‐Sulfonyl Aldimines.
Authors: Chatterjee Paresh Nath , Maity Arnab Kumar , Mohapatra Swapna Sarita , Roy Sujit
Published: July 2013

The authors present a convenient way for the formation of di‐ and triarylmethanes and heteroarylmethanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed and Copper‐Mediated Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Aryl‐ or Alkenylboronic Acids with Acid Chlorides under Neutral Conditions: Efficient Synthetic Methods for Diaryl Ketones and Chalcones at Room Temperature.
Authors: Ogawa Daisuke , Hyodo Keita , Suetsugu Masato , Li Jing , Inoue Yoshiaki , Fujisawa Mamoru , Iwasaki Masayuki , Takagi Kentaro , Nishihara Yasushi
Published: July 2013

The non‐toxic and mild title reaction proceeds under strict non‐basic conditions for a wide range of substrates bearing an electron‐donating or an electron‐withdrawing substituent on the aromatic ring.
ChemInform Abstract: Multidentate Triphenolsilane‐Based Alkyne Metathesis Catalysts.
Authors: Yang Haishen , Liu Zhenning , Zhang Wei
Published: July 2013

The title catalysts (I) tolerate many functional groups and have a fast reaction rate and long lifetime, staying active in solution for months.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Regioselective Arylation of Naphthylamides with Aryl Iodides Utilizing a Quinolinamide Bidentate System.
Authors: Huang Lehao , Li Qian , Wang Chen , Qi Chenze
Published: July 2013

In the presence of Pd(O‐Ac)2 1‐naphthylamides bearing a 2‐quinoline or 2‐pyridine directing group smoothly undergo regioselective reaction with a wide range of aryl iodides to afford 8‐arylated analogues.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Microwave‐Assisted One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Benzofurans under Sonogashira Conditions
Authors: Markina Nataliya A. , Chen Yu , Larock Richard C.
Published: July 2013

Microwave irradiation shortens reaction times and minimizes side products, making this methodology particularly useful for combinatorial chemistry.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cross‐Coupling Between Heterocycles and Terminal Alkynes with Low Catalyst Loading.
Authors: Jie Xiaoming , Shang Yaping , Hu Peng , Su Weiping
Published: July 2013

The direct alkynylation of a variety of thiophenes and some other heterocyclic systems proceeds best with using Ag2O as the oxidant and affords structural motifs of bioactive products and pharmaceuticals.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Efficient Synthesis of Dibenzothiophene via BF3·OEt2‐Promoted Intramolecular Annulation.
Authors: Shang Xiaobo , Chen Wanzhi , Yao Yingming
Published: July 2013

Metal‐free decomposition of triazene‐substituted biphenyls offers a straightforward synthesis of dibenzothiophene derivatives with high functionality tolerance.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Aza‐Michael/Spiro‐Ring Closure Sequence: Access to a Versatile Scaffold and Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Coerulescine.
Authors: Goermen Meral , Le Goff Ronan , Lawson Ata Martin , Daich Adam , Comesse Sebastien
Published: July 2013

A simple protocol is presented for the tandem reaction between Michael acceptors (I) and carbamate (II) to yield pyrrolidine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Phosphoric Acid‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Aza‐Friedel—Crafts Alkylation of Indoles with γ‐Hydroxy‐γ‐lactams.
Authors: Courant Thibaut , Kumarn Sirirat , He Long , Retailleau Pascal , Masson Geraldine
Published: July 2013

The reaction tolerates a wide range of substituents on the indole aromatic ring but is sensitive to the steric effects at the C2‐position [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Methylene Acetal Formation from 1,2‐ and 1,3‐Diols Using an O,S‐Acetal, 1,3‐Dibromo‐5,5‐dimethylhydantoin, and BHT.
Authors: Maegawa Tomohiro , Koutani Yasuyuki , Otake Kazuki , Fujioka Hiromichi
Published: July 2013

This new, mild, and efficient method affords different substituted acetals after short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some Novel Thiosemicarbazone Derivatives Having Anticancer, anti‐HIV as well as Antibacterial Activity.
Authors: Patel Hitesh Dahyabhai , Divatia Saavani Malove , de Clercq Erik
Published: July 2013

Some new thiosemicarbazones containing benzimidazole moiety (VI) are synthesized and screened for their ability to inhibit the growth of 60 human cancer cell lines, in vitro replication on HIV virus strains as well as inhibition capacity for several bacterial strains.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Assisted Aminomethylation of Some Heterocyclic Compounds Bearing Imidazolone Moiety and Their Biological Assay.
Authors: Vyas Ritu , Rawal Manish K. , Ameta Rakshit , Chittora Anil K. , Punjabi Pinki B.
Published: July 2013

All the synthesized Mannich bases (9 examples) except for (VIIId) exhibit moderate to excellent antibacterial and strong antifungal activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Phenylalaninol‐Derived Oxazolopyrrolidone Lactams and Evaluation as NMDA Receptor Antagonists.
Authors: Pereira Nuno A. L. , Sureda Francesc X. , Turch Mireia , Amat Mercedes , Bosch Joan , Santos Maria M. M.
Published: July 2013

The phenyl derivative (V*b) is found to be more potent as a NMDA receptor than amantadine.
ChemInform Abstract: Ammonium Metavanadate an Efficient Catalyst for Erlenmeyer Synthesis.
Authors: Madje Balaji , Ubale Milind , Bharad Jagdish , Shingare Murlidhar
Published: July 2013

An efficiently and environmentally friendly protocol for the synthesis of azlactone derivatives (III) (19 examples) via NH4VO3‐catalyzed condensation of hippuric acid (I) with carbonyl compounds (II) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and in vitro Antiprotozoal Activity of Some 5‐Phenyl(methyl)sulfonyl‐substituted Dihydroisoxazoles.
Authors: Dueruest Yasar , Altug Cevher , Kaiser Marcel , Fronczek Frank R. , Tasdemir Deniz
Published: July 2013

Title compounds are efficiently synthesized and tested for their antiprotozoal and cytotoxic activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Bis‐Acyclonucleoside Analogues Bearing Benzothienyl‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl‐disulfide under Conventional and Microwave Methods.
Authors: Aouad Mohamed R. , Rezki Nadjet , Messali Mouslim , El Ashry El Sayed H.
Published: July 2013

Treatment of triazolethiol (I) with iodine and potassium iodide at room temperature gives rise to an oxidative dimerization affording triazoledisulfide (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antifungal Potential of 3‐{4′‐(Chlorobenzyloxy)‐phenyl}‐4‐amino‐5‐mercapto‐1,2,4‐triazoles and Their Derivatives.
Authors: Rastogi Nisheeth , Kant Padam , Sethi Rakesh , Harrison Darwin Anil , Shukla Sarveshwar
Published: July 2013

Most of the synthesized compounds show antifungal activity against human pathogenic fungi.
ChemInform Abstract: P2O5—SiO2 as an Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Solvent‐Free Synthesis of 1‐Substituted 1H‐1,2,3,4‐Tetrazoles under Conventional and Ultrasound Irradiation Conditions.
Authors: Habibi Davood , Nasrollahzadeh Mahmoud , Mehrabi Leila , Mostafaee Samaneh
Published: July 2013

The advantages of the title reaction are relatively short reaction times, ease of product isolation, and the use of a recoverable and reusable catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Phase‐Transfer Catalytic α‐Benzylation and α‐Allylation of α‐tert‐Butoxycarbonyllactones.
Authors: Park Hyeung‐geun , et al. et al.
Published: July 2013

The products are valuable building blocks for the preparation of the unnatural α‐quaternary homoserines, pyrrolidine and piperidine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel and Efficient Synthesis of 3‐[(4,5‐Dihydro‐1H‐pyrrol‐3‐yl)carbonyl]‐2H‐chromen‐2‐ones (= 3‐[(4,5‐Dihydro‐1H‐pyrrol‐3‐yl)carbonyl]‐2H‐1‐benzopyran‐2‐ones).
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Ghanbaripour Rashid
Published: July 2013

An efficient one‐pot synthesis of the title benzopyran‐2‐one derivatives (V) by a four‐component reaction is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: First Selective Direct Mono‐Arylation of Piperidines Using Ruthenium‐Catalyzed C—H Activation.
Authors: Schwarz Maria C. , Dastbaravardeh Navid , Kirchner Karl , Schnuerch Michael , Mihovilovic Marko D.
Published: July 2013

The mono‐arylation in α‐position of saturated cyclic amines is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Unsupported Nanoporous Gold Catalyst for Highly Selective Hydrogenation of Quinolines.
Authors: Jin Tienan , et al. et al.
Published: July 2013

For the first time, the highly efficient and regioselective hydrogenation of selected quinoline derivatives to 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolines using unsupported nanoporous gold as catalyst and organosilane with water as a hydrogen source is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Iridium‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of 1‐ and 3‐Substituted Isoquinolinium Salts.
Authors: Ye Zhi‐Shi , Guo Ran‐Ning , Cai Xian‐Feng , Chen Mu‐Wang , Shi Lei , Zhou Yong‐Gui
Published: July 2013

A C3‐TunePhos is used as ligand in the title reaction to produce chiral products which represent subunits of pharmaceuticals.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyridines by Thermal Intramolecular Cyclization.
Authors: Hoashi Yasutaka , Takai Takafumi , Kotani Etsuo , Koike Tatsuki
Published: July 2013

The title reaction of N‐amino‐2‐alkynylpyridinium salts produces excellent yields of target heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Free Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Arylation of Chromones: An Expedient Synthesis of 1‐Benzopyrano[3,2‐c]quinolines.
Authors: Ghosh Jaydip , Biswas Pritam , Maiti Sourav , Sarkar Tapas , Drew Michael G. B. , Bandyopadhyay Chandrakanta
Published: July 2013

The Pd‐catalyzed intramolecular arylation of Ugi products leads to formation of the novel ring system which is of biological interest.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One‐Pot Four‐Component Synthesis of Functionalized Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines.
Authors: Movahed Siyavash Kazemi , Dabiri Minoo , Bazgir Ayoob
Published: July 2013

A new one‐pot, four‐component, and catalyst‐free synthesis of highly functionalized imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines is developed by condensing ethane‐1,2‐diamine, 1,2‐bis(methylthio)‐2‐nitroethene, aldehydes and activated methylene compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Lithium Triflate (LiOTf): A Highly Efficient and Reusable Catalytic System for the Synthesis of Diversified Quinolines under Neat Conditions.
Authors: Atar Amol B. , Dindulkar Someshwer D. , Jeong Yeon Tae
Published: July 2013

Quinolines [(III) and (V)] and acridines [(VII) and (IX)] are synthesized via Friedlander condensation.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective N‐Alkylation with Alcohols for the Preparation of 2‐(N‐Alkylamino)quinazolines and 2‐(N‐Alkylamino)pyrimidines.
Authors: Li Feng , Chen Lin , Kang Qikai , Cai Jianguang , Zhu Guangjun
Published: July 2013

The Ir‐catalyzed direct N‐alkylation reaction features easily available starting materials, high atom efficiency, and environmental benign conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of Tri‐ and Tetrasubstituted Enamides via Palladium‐Catalyzed Silaboration of Ynamides.
Authors: Saito Nozomi , Saito Keiichi , Sato Hiroyasu , Sato Yoshihiro
Published: July 2013

Tri‐ and tetrasubstituted enamide derivatives are formed in highly regio‐ and stereoselective manner via a silaboration of ynamides.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereoselective Hydrosilylation of 1,3‐Enynes Catalyzed by Palladium.
Authors: Zhou Hui , Moberg Christina
Published: July 2013

In the presence of Pd(0) and a phosphine, hydrosilylation of 1,3‐enynes with dimethylchlorosilane proceeds to yield dienylsilanes with the silicon function added to the internal alkyne carbon atom and with (E)‐configuration of the newly formed olefinic bond.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Siloxy‐α‐haloketones Through Highly Diastereoselective Single and Double Mukaiyama Aldol Reactions.
Authors: Saadi Jakub , Yamamoto Hisashi
Published: July 2013

For the first time the remarkable general title reaction is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Inhibitory Effects of the Constituents of Hippophae rhamnoides on 3T3‐L1 Cell Differentiation and Nitric Oxide Production in RAW264.7 Cells.
Authors: Yang Zhi‐Gang , Wen Xiu‐Feng , Li Yong‐Hai , Matsuzaki Keiichi , Kitanaka Susumu
Published: July 2013

The flavonol glycosides, hippophaeossides A‐C (I*a‐c) are isolated along with 27 known compounds from the leaves of Hippophae rhamnoides L.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Optoelectronic Characterization of RF Sputtered ZnSnN2.
Authors: Lahourcade Lise , Coronel Naomi C. , Delaney Kris T. , Shukla Sujeet K. , Spaldin Nicola A. , Atwater Harry A.
Published: July 2013

Thin films of stoichiometric ZnSnN2, a new earth‐abundant small bandgap semiconductor, are prepared by reactive RF magnetron sputter deposition from Zn0.75Sn0.25 or from elemental Zn and Sn at about 250 °C in an atmosphere of Ar and N2.
ChemInform Abstract: Specific Features of Technetium Mononuclear Octahedral Oxo Complexes: A Review
Authors: Sergienko V. S. , Churakov A. V.
Published: July 2013

Review: 87 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Diels—Alder Reaction of Electron‐Deficient 2H‐Pyran‐2‐ones with Vinyl Moiety Containing Dienophiles and Characterization of the Intermediate Products
Authors: Juranovic Amadej , Kranjc Kristof , Keglevich Gyorgy , Polanc Slovenko , Kocevar Marijan
Published: July 2013

Review: 27 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Monoterpene‐Derived 1,2‐Amino Alcohols as Catalysts Precursors for Asymmetric Reactions
Authors: Krzeminski Marek P. , Cwiklinska Marta , Kmieciak Anna
Published: July 2013

Review: 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbohydrate Hydrogenolysis
Authors: Smith Patrick B.
Published: July 2013

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphaalkenes
Authors: Dugai‐Tessier Julien , Conrad Eamonn D. , Dake Gregory R. , Gates Derek P.
Published: July 2013

Review: 87 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Selected Natural and Synthetic Phenolic Compounds with Antileishmanial Activity
Authors: Rojas de Arias Antonieta , Pandolfi Enrique , Vega Maria Celeste , Rolon Miriam
Published: July 2013

Review: 69 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Allicin and Related Compounds: Biosynthesis, Synthesis and Pharmacological Activity
Authors: Ilic Dusica P. , Nikolic Vesna D. , Nikolic Ljubisa B. , Stankovic Mihajlo Z. , Stanojevic Ljiljana P. , Cakic Milorad D.
Published: July 2013

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Chemo‐ and Diastereoselective Ring Closing Metathesis Macrocyclization Approach to the Total Syntheses of Aigialomycin C and D
Authors: Bajwa Naval , Jennings Michael P.
Published: July 2013

Review: 30 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Syntheses of Solandelactones E and F
Authors: Robinson Anna , Fletcher Catherine J. , Aggarwal Varinder K.
Published: July 2013

Review: 77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Neber Rearrangement
Authors: Berkowitz William F.
Published: July 2013

Review: 331 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: How to “Cope” with the Prenylation of the Indole C4 Position
Authors: Schwarzer Darius D. , Gritsch Philipp J. , Gaich Tanja
Published: July 2013

Review: about 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Design of Chemical Glycosyl Donors: Does Changing Ring Conformation Influence Selectivity/Reactivity?
Authors: Satoh Hiroko , Manabe Shino
Published: July 2013

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Allylic Oxidations in Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Nakamura Akihiko , Nakada Masahisa
Published: July 2013

Review: ca. 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Fucosyltransferase and Fucosidase Inhibitors
Authors: Tu Zhijay , Lin Yu‐Nong , Lin Chun‐Hung
Published: July 2013

Review: 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetic Resolution of 3‐Hydroxy‐3‐Substituted Oxindoles Through NHC‐Catalyzed Oxidative Esterification
Authors: Lu Shenci , Poh Si Bei , Siau Woon‐Yew , Zhao Yu
Published: July 2013

Review: 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkyne Metathesis by Molybdenum and Tungsten Alkylidyne Complexes
Authors: Schrock Richard R.
Published: July 2013

Review: 33 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Enhanced Synthesis of Peptides, Proteins, and Peptidomimetics
Authors: Collins Jonathan M.
Published: July 2013

Review: 306 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Multicomponent Reactions in the Synthesis of Heterocycles
Authors: Kruithof Art , Ruijter Eelco , Orru Romano V. A.
Published: July 2013

Review: 237 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reaction
Authors: Gujral Sarbjeet Singh , Khatri Smriti , Riyal Poornima , Gahlot Vinod
Published: July 2013

Review: 65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Combined Use of Microwaves and Ultrasound: Methods and Practice
Authors: Cravotto Giancarlo , Cintas Pedro
Published: July 2013

Review: 77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Continuous Flow Organic Synthesis (MACOS)
Authors: Alcazar Jesus , Munoz Juan de M.
Published: July 2013

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Crossed and Linked Histories of Tetrapyrrolic Macrocycles and Their Use for Engineering Pores Within Sol—Gel Matrices
Authors: Garcia‐Sanchez Miguel A. , Rojas‐Gonzalez Fernando , Menchaca‐Campos E. Carmina , Tello‐Solis Salvador R. , Quiroz‐Segoviano R. Iris Y. , Diaz‐Alejo Luis A. , Salas‐Banales Eduardo , Campero Antonio
Published: July 2013

Review: 454 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Sweet Carbon Nanostructures: Carbohydrate Conjugates with Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene and Their Applications
Authors: Chen Yanan , Star Alexander , Vidal Sebastien
Published: July 2013

Review: 56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Acetohydroxyacid Synthase Inhibiting Triazolopyrimidine Herbicides
Authors: Johnson Timothy C. , Mann Richard K. , Schmitzer Paul R. , Gast Roger E.
Published: July 2013

Review: 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyridyloxyphenoxypropionate Herbicides: Inhibitors of Acetyl‐CoA Carboxylase
Authors: Whittingham William G.
Published: July 2013

Review: 90 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Surface Chemistry in Marine Bioadhesion
Authors: Petrone Luigi
Published: July 2013

Review: 261 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multivalent Glycocalixarenes for Recognition of Biological Macromolecules: Glycocalyx Mimics Capable of Multitasking
Authors: Sansone Francesco , Casnati Alessandro
Published: July 2013

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Role of Flow in Green Chemistry and Engineering
Authors: Newman Stephen G. , Jensen Klavs F.
Published: July 2013

Review: 134 refs.
Fostering partnerships and program success
Authors: Phillips‐Angeles Ellen , Song Lin , Hannon Peggy A. , Celedonia Megan , Stearns Steven , Edwards Kris , Feest Scott , Shumann Amy
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUND

Fostering partnerships was critical to the success of the Colon Health Program (CHP) in Greater Seattle. The CHP was built on the Breast and Cervical Health Program (BCHP) framework. A replicable system to provide quality colorectal screening services for individuals with limited incomes and no health insurance was developed.

METHODS

Partners were recruited and engaged during 3 programmatic phases: 1) development and start‐up, 2) implementation, and 3) sustainability planning. Several tactics were used to develop trust and build bridges among the partners and to create an effective work group.

RESULTS

The partners were critical to developing clinic policies, procedures, and systems to increase colorectal screening and improve follow‐up; expanding access to colonoscopies; and initiating statewide dissemination of training and systems as well as policy change. The fecal occult blood test completion rate was 61%, and the colonoscopy completion rate was 78%. The colonoscopy navigation system was effective with a low “no show” rate (8%). The partners were instrumental in helping Washington State obtain funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to continue the CHP statewide.

CONCLUSIONS

During implementation, key elements for success included: building the project on the successful BCHP framework, meticulous training of clinic staff about colorectal cancer and screening methods, frequent consultation to identify and solve problems, active support of the clinic administration, and the presence of a CHP champion in the clinic. Institutionalization of the CHP depended on: assessing progress after the first year, documenting experience with the program, disseminating lessons learned, engaging new partners, and determining steps to expand the program. Cancer 2013;119(15 suppl):2884–93. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Delivering colonoscopy screening for low‐income populations in Suffolk County
Authors: Lane Dorothy S. , Messina Catherine R. , Cavanagh Mary F. , Anderson Joseph C.
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUND

Current and pending legislation provides colorectal cancer screening reimbursement for previously uninsured populations. Colonoscopy is currently the screening method most frequently recommended by physicians for insured patients. The experience of the SCOPE (Suffolk County Preventive Endoscopy) demonstration project (Project SCOPE) at Stony Brook University Medical Center provides a model for delivering colonoscopy screening to low‐income populations to meet anticipated increasing demands.

METHODS

Project SCOPE, based in the Department of Preventive Medicine, featured internal collaboration with the academic medical center's large gastroenterology practice and external collaboration with the Suffolk County Department of Health Services' network of community health centers. Colonoscopies were performed by faculty gastroenterologists or supervised fellows. Measures of colonoscopy performance were compared with quality indicators and differences between faculty and supervised fellows were identified.

RESULTS

During a 40‐month screening period, 800 initial colonoscopies were performed. Approximately 21% of women screened were found to have adenomatous polyps compared with 36% of men. Five cancers were detected. The majority of the population screened (70%) were members of minority populations. African American individuals had a higher percentage of proximally located adenomas (78%) compared with white individuals (65%) and Hispanics (49%), based on the location of the most advanced lesion. Hispanic individuals had a 36% lower risk of adenomas compared with white individuals. Performance measures including the percentage of procedures with adequate bowel preparation, cecum reached, scope withdrawal time, and adenoma detection rate met quality benchmarks when performed by either faculty or supervised fellows.

CONCLUSIONS

Project SCOPE's operational strategies demonstrated a feasible method for an academic medical center to provide high‐quality screening colonoscopy for low‐income populations. Cancer 2013;119(15 suppl):2842–8. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Recruiting patients into the CDC's Colorectal Cancer Screening Demonstration Program
Authors: Boehm Jennifer E. , Rohan Elizabeth A. , Preissle Judith , DeGroff Amy , Glover‐Kudon Rebecca
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUND

In 2005, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funded 5 sites as part of the Colorectal Cancer Screening Demonstration Program (CRCSDP) to provide colorectal cancer screening to low‐income, uninsured, and underinsured individuals. Funded sites experienced unexpected challenges in recruiting patients for services.

METHODS

The authors conducted a longitudinal, qualitative case study of all 5 sites to document program implementation, including recruitment. Data were collected during 3 periods over the 4‐year program and included interviews, document review, and observations. After coding and analyzing the data, themes were identified and triangulated across the research team. Patterns were confirmed through member checking, further validating the analytic interpretation.

RESULTS

During early implementation, patient enrollment was low at 4 of the 5 CRCSDP sites. Evaluators found 3 primary challenges to patient recruitment: overreliance on in‐reach to National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program patients, difficulty keeping colorectal cancer screening and the program a priority among staff at partnering primary care clinics responsible for patient recruitment, and a lack of public knowledge about the need for colorectal cancer screening among patients. To address these challenges, site staff expanded partnerships with additional primary care networks for greater reach, enhanced technical support to primary care providers to ensure more consistent patient enrollment, and developed tailored outreach and education.

CONCLUSIONS

Removing financial barriers to colorectal cancer screening was necessary but not sufficient to reach the priority population. To optimize colorectal cancer screening, public health practitioners must work closely with the health care sector to implement evidence‐based, comprehensive strategies across individual, environmental, and systems levels of society. Cancer 2013;119(15 suppl):2914–25. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
The relationship of family characteristics and bipolar disorder using causal-pie models
Authors: Chen Y.-C. , Kao C.-F. , Lu M.-K. , Yang Y.-K. , Liao S.-C. , Jang F.-L. , Chen W.J. , Lu R.-B. , Kuo P.-H.
Published: July 2013

Many family characteristics were reported to increase the risk of bipolar disorder (BPD). The development of BPD may be mediated through different pathways, involving diverse risk factor profiles. We evaluated the associations of family characteristics to build influential causal-pie models to estimate their contributions on the risk of developing BPD at the population level. We recruited 329 clinically diagnosed BPD patients and 202 healthy controls to collect information in parental psychopathology, parent-child relationship, and conflict within family. Other than logistic regression models, we applied causal-pie models to identify pathways involved with different family factors for BPD. The risk of BPD was significantly increased with parental depression, neurosis, anxiety, paternal substance use problems, and poor relationship with parents. Having a depressed mother further predicted early onset of BPD. Additionally, a greater risk for BPD was observed with higher numbers of paternal/maternal psychopathologies. Three significant risk profiles were identified for BPD, including paternal substance use problems (73.0%), maternal depression (17.6%), and through poor relationship with parents and conflict within the family (6.3%). Our findings demonstrate that different aspects of family characteristics elicit negative impacts on bipolar illness, which can be utilized to target specific factors to design and employ efficient intervention programs.
The prevalence of dementia in urban and rural areas of China
Authors: Jia Jianping , Wang Fen , Wei Cuibai , Zhou Aihong , Jia Xiangfei , Li Fang , Tang Muni , Chu Lan , Zhou Youlong , Zhou Chunkui , Cui Yong , Wang Qi , Wang Weishan , Yin Peng , Hu Nan , Zuo Xiumei , Song Haiqing , Qin Wei , Wu Liyong , Li Dan , Jia Longfei , Song Juexian , Han Ying , Xing Yi , Yang Peijie , Li Yuemei , Qiao Yuchen , Tang Yi , Lv Jihui , Dong Xiumin
Published: July 2013

Objective

The Chinese population has been aging rapidly and the country's economy has experienced exponential growth during the past three decades. The goal of this study was to estimate the changes in the prevalence of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) among elderly Chinese individuals and to analyze differences between urban and rural areas.

Methods

For the years 2008 to 2009, we performed a population‐based cross‐sectional survey with a multistage cluster sampling design. Residents aged 65 years and older were drawn from 30 urban (n = 6096) and 45 rural (n = 4180) communities across China. Participants were assessed with a series of clinical examinations and neuropsychological measures. Dementia, AD, and VaD were diagnosed according to established criteria via standard diagnostic procedures.

Results

The prevalence of dementia, AD, and VaD among individuals aged 65 years and older were 5.14% (95% CI, 4.71–5.57), 3.21% (95% CI, 2.87–3.55), and 1.50% (95% CI, 1.26–1.74), respectively. The prevalence of dementia was significantly higher in rural areas than in urban ones (6.05% vs. 4.40%, P < .001). The same regional difference was also seen for AD (4.25% vs. 2.44%, P < .001) but not for VaD (1.28% vs. 1.61%, P = .166). The difference in AD was not evident when the sample was stratified by educational level. Moreover, the risk factors for AD and VaD differed for urban and rural populations.

Conclusions

A notably higher prevalence of dementia and AD was found in rural areas than in urban ones, and education might be an important reason for the urban–rural differences.
A 352-year record of summer temperature reconstruction in the western Tianshan Mountains, China, as deduced from tree-ring density
Authors: Yu Shulong , Yuan Yujiang , Wei Wenshou , Chen Feng , Zhang Tongwen , Shang Huaming , Zhang Ruibo , Qing Li
Published: July 2013

Three robust tree-ring density chronologies were developed for the western Tianshan Mountains of northwestern China. The chronologies were significantly correlated and form a regional chronology (GLD). The GLD had significant and positive correlations with temperature of warm seasons. Based on this relationship, the mean minimum temperatures of May to August were reconstructed using the GLD chronology for the period AD 1657 to 2008. The temperature reconstruction exhibited temperature patterns on interannual to centennial timescales, and showed that the end of the 20th century is the warmest period in the past 352 years. The reconstructed temperature variation has a teleconnection with large-scale atmospheric–oceanic variability and captures long- and broad-scale regional climatic variations.
Psychotropic prescribing in the oldest old attending a geriatric psychiatry service: a retrospective, cross-sectional study
Authors: Kolshus E. , Freyne A. , Callanan I. , Cooney C.
Published: July 2013

Objective

More people are living beyond their 90s, yet this group has not been much studied. This study aimed to describe a sample of non-agenarians and centerians attending an old age psychiatry service with a focus on pharmacotherapy.

Methods

Retrospective, cross-sectional survey of patients aged >90 in contact with the Department of Old Age Psychiatry in a university hospital over a 1-year period. Results were compared with the Beers, the Canadian and Screening Tool of Older Persons’ potentially inappropriate Prescriptions (STOPP) criteria.

Results

A total of 65 nonagenarians or centerians were identified (mean age 93, 82% female). The majority (65%) resided in a nursing home; dementia was the most common diagnosis (77%), followed by depression (29%). The most commonly prescribed psychotropics were antidepressants (58%), followed by antipsychotics (45%), hypnotics (42%), anti-dementia agents (31%) and anxiolytics (26%). Overall, patients were on a mean of 2.1 (S.D. 1.3, range 0–5) psychotropics and 4.99 (S.D. 2.7, range 0–11) non-psychotropics. Mean Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score was 15 (S.D. 8.1). Increasing anticholinergic burden was negatively associated with MMSE scores (B = −1.72, p = 0.013). Residing in a nursing home was associated with a higher rate of antidepressant [OR 5.71 (95% CI 1.9–17.4)], anxiolytic [OR 13.5 (95% CI 1.7–110.4)] and antipsychotic [OR 3.4 (95% CI 1.1–10.4)] use. Potentially inappropriate prescribing included long-term benzodiazepine use (26%) and long-term antipsychotic use (25%).

Conclusions

Our sample had a high psychiatric morbidity burden with high levels of psychotropic use. Ongoing review and audit of psychotropic use in elderly patients can identify potentially inappropriate prescribing in a group vulnerable to high levels of polypharmacy and extended psychotropic use.
Mitigating aggressiveness through education? The monoamine oxidase A genotype and mental health in general population
Authors: Kiive Evelyn , Laas Kariina , Akkermann Kirsti , Comasco Erika , Oreland Lars , Veidebaum Toomas , Harro Jaanus
Published: July 2013

Objective

Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene promoter region includes a variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) associated with antisocial behaviour in adverse environment. We have examined the effect of the MAOA-uVNTR on mental health and academic success by using a population representative sample and a longitudinal design.

Methods

The data of the older cohort (n = 593, aged 15 years at the original sampling) of the longitudinal Estonian Children Personality, Behaviour and Health Study (ECPBHS) were used. Follow-ups were conducted at ages 18 and 25 years. Aggressiveness, inattention and hyperactivity were reported by class teachers or, at older age, self-reported. Stressful life events, psychological environment in the family and interactions between family members were self-reported. Data of general mental abilities and education were obtained at the age of 25, and lifetime psychiatric disorder assessment was carried out with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) interview.

Results

MAOA-uVNTR genotype had no independent effect on aggressiveness, hyperactive and inattentive symptoms, and neither was there a genotype interaction with adverse life events. Interestingly, the proportion of male subjects with higher education by the age of 25 was significantly larger among those with MAOA low-activity alleles (χ2 = 7.13; p = 0.008). Logistic regression revealed that MAOA low-activity alleles, higher mental abilities, occurrence of anxiety disorders and absence of substance-use disorder were significant independent predictors for higher education in male subjects.

Conclusions

In a population representative sample of young subjects, the MAOA-uVNTR ‘risk genotype’ predicted better life outcomes as expressed in higher level of education.
PRIMITIVE SUBGROUPS AND PST-GROUPS
Authors: BALLESTER-BOLINCHES A. , BEIDLEMAN J. C. , ESTEBAN-ROMERO R.
Published: July 2013

All groups considered in this paper are finite. A subgroup $H$ of a group $G$ is called a primitive subgroup if it is a proper subgroup in the intersection of all subgroups of $G$ containing $H$ as a proper subgroup. He et al. [‘A note on primitive subgroups of finite groups’, Commun. Korean Math. Soc. 28(1) (2013), 55–62] proved that every primitive subgroup of $G$ has index a power of a prime if and only if $G/ \Phi (G)$ is a solvable PST-group. Let $\mathfrak{X}$ denote the class of groups $G$ all of whose primitive subgroups have prime power index. It is established here that a group $G$ is a solvable PST-group if and only if every subgroup of $G$ is an $\mathfrak{X}$-group.
A case-based discussion on a patient with non-otogenic fungal skull base osteomyelitis: pitfalls in diagnosis
Authors: Asimakopoulos P , Supriya M , Kealey S , Vernham G A
Published: July 2013

Objective:

To discuss the diagnostic pitfalls and limitations of imaging investigations in non-otogenic skull base osteomyelitis.

Case report:

This paper reports a fatal case of non-otogenic fungal skull base osteomyelitis in an immunosuppressed patient. The patient initially presented with headache and later diplopia during multiple hospital admissions. A retrospective review of the initial imaging studies of his skull base revealed subtle signs of early infection at the inferior portion of the nasopharynx. Biopsies were taken from the posterior nasopharyngeal wall. Fungal cultures isolated Aspergillus fumigatus and mucor species.

Conclusion:

The insidious onset of the clinical features and the limitations of the currently available investigations make early diagnosis of skull base osteomyelitis difficult. This case highlights that skull base osteomyelitis should be suspected in immunocompromised patients with subtle radiological abnormalities on initial imaging. There is still controversy regarding the most accurate method of investigation for early diagnosis, and quite often multiple imaging modalities are required.
Sinonasal bony changes in nasal polyposis: prevalence and relationship to disease severity
Authors: Siddiqui J , Millard R , Eweiss A Z , Beale T , Lund V J
Published: July 2013

Background:

Nasal polyposis is characterised by opacification of the nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses and ostiomeatal complexes on computed tomography scanning. Sinonasal bony changes have been reported as disease sequelae.

Objectives:

To assess the prevalence of sinonasal bone expansion, erosion and thickening in patients with nasal polyposis, and to correlate disease severity with the prevalence of bony changes.

Methods:

A retrospective radiological study was conducted comprising pre-operative computed tomography scans of 104 patients with nasal polyposis and scans of 44 age- and gender-matched individuals (control group) without sinonasal disease. Lund–Mackay scores and bony changes were quantified.

Results:

Ninety-three per cent of the study group scans showed sinonasal bony change, with no changes in the control group. Radiological severity of nasal polyposis correlated positively with the prevalence of bony changes (rs = 0.31;p < 0.01).

Conclusion:

Sinonasal bony changes were common in the study group. This highlights the importance of pre- and intra-operative imaging, which can help to prevent intra-operative complications. As bony changes may mimic invasive disease, the importance of histological assessment of polyps is emphasised.
Impact of initial treatment outcome on long-term costs of depression: a 3-year nationwide follow-up study in Taiwan
Authors: Pan Y.-J. , Knapp M. , McCrone P.
Published: July 2013

Background

The impact of initial treatment outcome on long-term healthcare costs in depression remains to be determined. We aimed to identify demographic and clinical characteristics associated with initial treatment outcomes and to test whether and how these outcomes influence total healthcare costs over the subsequent 3 years.

Method

In this secondary analysis of a large healthcare database, a national cohort of adult patients (n = 126 471) who received antidepressant treatment for depression was identified and factors associated with initial outcomes were examined. Potential predictors of total healthcare costs in the subsequent years were assessed using generalized linear modeling, with a particular focus on initial outcome status after antidepressant treatment and co-morbidities.

Results

Depression type and co-morbid painful physical symptoms (PPS) or mental illnesses were found to be associated with initial outcome status. Having sustained treatment-free status after initial treatment was shown to be associated with a 22–33% reduction in total healthcare costs in the second and third years (compared to those with late recontacts). Although the presence of co-morbid PPS was associated with higher healthcare costs, having certain co-morbid anxiety disorders was associated with lower costs over the 3 years.

Conclusions

Initial outcome status after antidepressant treatment has a sustained impact on individuals' total healthcare costs over the following 3 years. Future efforts to improve initial treatment outcome of depression are warranted.
Union Density and Political Strikes
Authors: Lindvall Johannes
Published: July 2013

Why do trade unions organize antigovernment strikes in some countries but not in others? This article argues that there is a curvilinear relationship between union density and political strike activity. Political strikes are rare in countries with low union density, since effective protests require a basic level of organizational capacity. They are also rare in countries with high union density, since a government that faces a strong union movement has powerful incentives to adjust its policies in order to avoid open confrontation. But political strikes are relatively common in countries with moderate levels of union density, since it is difficult for governments and unions to find viable compromises when the strength of the unions is not secure. The empirical part of the article estimates the relationship between union density and the likelihood of political strikes in two samples of advanced democracies.
Narrowband flat-top Brillouin gain spectrum and low distortion amplification based on pump phase modulation
Authors: Gao W. , Liu S.N. , Bi Y.F. , Hu X.B.
Published: July 2013

We theoretically and experimentally investigate the conditions of obtaining a narrowband flat-top Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS) based on single-frequency and multi-frequency phase modulations. Using the unequal-amplitude spectral lines, the flat-top BGS can be realized by controlling the intensity ratio and the frequency separation between them. In experiment, we obtain the flat-top gain spectra with the bandwidths of 40 MHz and 125 MHz, and with the top fluctuation of less than 0.21 dB. Based on this, we also achieve low distortion Brillouin amplification of a probe signal pulse and spectrum.
Community-onsetStaphylococcus aureusinfections presenting to general practices in South-eastern Australia
Authors: BENNETT C. M. , COOMBS G. W. , WOOD G. M. , HOWDEN B. P. , JOHNSON L. E. A. , WHITE D. , JOHNSON P. D. R.
Published: July 2013

Community-acquiredStaphylococcus aureusinfections are a public health concern, yet little is known about infections that do not present to hospital. We identified community-onsetS. aureusinfections via specimens submitted to a community-based pathology service. Referring doctors confirmed eligibility and described infection site, severity and treatment. Isolates were characterized on antibiotic resistance, PFGE, MLST/SCCmec, and Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL), representing 106 community-onset infections; 34 non-multiresistant methicillin-resistantS. aureus(nmMRSA) (resistant to <3 non-β-lactam antibiotics), 15 multiply antibiotic-resistant MRSA (mMRSA) and 57 methicillin-sensitiveS. aureus(MSSA). Most (93%) were skin and soft tissue infections. PVL genes were carried by 42% of nmMRSA isolates [95% confidence interval (CI) 26–61] and 15% of MSSA (95% CI 8–28). PVL was associated with infections of the trunk, head or neck (56·4%vs. 24·3%,P = 0·005) in younger patients (23vs. 52 years,P < 0·001), and with boils or abscesses (OR 8·67, 95% CI 2·9–26·2), suggesting underlying differences in exposure and/or pathogenesis.
Diphtheria outbreak with high mortality in northeastern Nigeria
Authors: BESA N. C. , COLDIRON M. E. , BAKRI A. , RAJI A. , NSUAMI M. J. , ROUSSEAU C. , HURTADO N. , PORTEN K.
Published: July 2013

A diphtheria outbreak occurred from February to November 2011 in the village of Kimba and its surrounding settlements, in Borno State, northeastern Nigeria. We conducted a retrospective outbreak investigation in Kimba village and the surrounding settlements to better describe the extent and clinical characteristics of this outbreak. Ninety-eight cases met the criteria of the case definition of diphtheria, 63 (64·3%) of whom were children aged <10 years; 98% of cases had never been immunized against diphtheria. None of the 98 cases received diphtheria antitoxin, penicillin, or erythromycin during their illness. The overall case-fatality ratio was 21·4%, and was highest in children aged 0–4 years (42·9%). Low rates of immunization, delayed clinical recognition of diphtheria and absence of treatment with antitoxin and appropriate antibiotics contributed to this epidemic and its severity.
Provenance connections between late Neoproterozoic and early Palaeozoic sedimentary basins of the Ross Sea region, Antarctica, south-east Australia and southern Zealandia
Authors: Adams C.J. , Bradshaw J.D. , Ireland T.R.
Published: July 2013

Thick successions of turbidites are widespread in the Ross–Delamerian and Lachlan orogens and are now dispersed through Australia, Antarctica and New Zealand. U-Pb detrital zircon age patterns for latest Precambrian, Cambrian and Ordovician metagreywackes show a closely related provenance. The latest Neoproterozoic–early Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks have major components, at c. 525, 550, and 595 Ma, i.e. about 40–80 million years older than deposition. Zircons in these components increase from the Neoproterozoic to Ordovician. Late Mesoproterozoic age components, 1030 and 1070 Ma, probably originate from igneous/metamorphic rocks in the Gondwanaland hinterland whose exact locations are unknown. Although small, the youngest zircon age components are coincident with estimated depositional ages suggesting that they reflect contemporaneous and minor, volcanic sources. Overall, the detrital zircon provenance patterns reflect the development of plutonic/metamorphic complexes of the Ross–Delamerian Orogen in the Transantarctic Mountains and southern Australia that, upon exhumation, supplied sediment to regional scale basin(s) at the Gondwana margin. Tasmanian detrital zircon age patterns differ from those seen in intra-Ross Orogen sandstones of northern Victoria Land and from the oldest metasediments in the Transantarctic Mountains. A comparison with rocks from the latter supports an allochthonous western Tasmania model and amalgamation with Australia in late Cambrian time.
FETAL CARDIAC DISEASE: THE PATHOLOGIST'S PERSPECTIVE
Authors: ASHWORTH MICHAEL
Published: July 2013

In the European Union, it is estimated that 36,000 children are born every year with congenital heart disease and that a further 3000 who are diagnosed with congenital heart disease die as a result of termination of pregnancy, late fetal death or early neonatal death. In a normal population, the risk of a woman having a child with a congenital heart malformation is of the order of 0.8–1%, the risk rising to 2–3%, if a previous pregnancy was affected by heart disease and approaching 6% if the mother herself has a congenital heart defect. There is great variation between countries in the antenatal detection of heart defects, being lowest in those countries without ultrasound antenatal screening programmes (8–11%), but in Western Europe the detection rates vary between 19% and 48%. High-resolution echocardiography enables assessment of precise structures during the second trimester or even earlier.
An unusual cause of refractory persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: anomalous origin of one pulmonary artery
Authors: Guzoglu Nilufer , Sari Fatma Nur , Altug Nahide
Published: July 2013

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn is a source of considerable mortality and morbidity. Anomalous origin of one pulmonary artery, an uncommon congenital cardiac malformation, is a rare cause of persistent pulmonary hypertension. Here, we report the case of a patient with an anomalous origin of one pulmonary artery from the innominate artery who presented with persistent pulmonary hypertension refractory to treatment.