bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of metachronous esophageal squamous carcinoma in patients with head and neck cancer with use of transnasal esophagoscopy
Authors: Su Yan‐Ye , Fang Fu‐Min , Chuang Hui‐Ching , Luo Sheng‐Dean , Chien Chih‐Yen
Published: November 2009

Background

The use of transnasal esophagoscopy was examined for detecting metachronous esophageal squamous carcinoma in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods

In all, 398 transnasal esophagoscopies were performed in 293 previously treated patients with HNSCC between December 2007 and January 2009.

Results

Metachronous esophageal squamous carcinoma was detected in 15 (5.1%) patients. The prevalence rate was 15.9% (7/44) in patients with hypopharyngeal cancer, significantly higher than the 8.3% (2/24) with laryngeal, 7.1% (3/42) with oropharyngeal, and 1.6% (3/183) with oral cancer (p = .001). The stage distributions of esophageal squamous carcinoma were I–II in 12 (80%) and III–IV in 3 (20%) patients. Subsequently, curative strategies were performed in 13 (87%) patients.

Conclusions

Transnasal esophagoscopy can be used as a routine survey technique in patients with HNSCC to detect metachronous esophageal squamous carcinoma, especially in those with hypopharyngeal cancer. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Immunostaining patterns of CD31 and podoplanin in previously untreated advanced oral/oropharyngeal cancer: Prognostic implications
Authors: Bolzoni Villaret Andrea , Schreiber Alberto , Facchetti Fabio , Fisogni Simona , Lonardi Silvia , Lombardi Davide , Cocco Daniela , Redaelli de Zinis Luca Oscar , Nicolai Piero
Published: November 2009

Background

The objective of this study was to assess angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis patterns in advanced oral/oropharyngeal cancer by immunohistochemical techniques.

Methods

Forty‐five patients with advanced oral/oropharyngeal cancer, treated by primary surgery between January 1996 and December 2005, were selected. All cases were followed for at least 24 months. Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis were evaluated with antibodies against CD31 and podoplanin, respectively. Survival outcomes were calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method, whereas univariate comparisons were obtained by log‐rank, chi‐square, and Mann–Whitney tests.

Results

Survival correlated with the area of peritumoral blood vessels (p = .02), whereas the number of intratumoral lymphatics (p = .02) correlated with the occurrence of nodal metastasis. The risk for distant metastasis correlated with the perimeter of intratumoral lymphatics (p = .02).

Conclusions

Peritumoral angiogenesis presented different expression patterns between survivors and patients who died of disease. Intratumoral lymphangiogenesis was correlated with a higher risk of developing lymph node (LN) and distant metastasis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Investigation of heat transfer in a geometry with variable cross section
Authors: Alipanah M. , Ganji D.D. , Farnad E. , Babaei K.
Published: November 2009

In this paper, the thermal conductivity that plays an important role in heat transfer efficiency is investigated. He's homotopy perturbation method (HPM) and Adomian decomposition method (ADM) are applied to the nonlinear heat transfer equations and the comparison between results is illustrated within several plots. Here, thermal conductivity has been considered as a function of temperature. Also the variable heat generation has been taken into account. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20266 Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the sliding and profile of a liquid droplet on a rotating disk
Authors: Katoh Kenji , Higashine Mituyoshi , Wakimoto Tatsuro , Masuda Ryohei
Published: November 2009

This theoretical and experimental study was conducted to investigate the critical condition at which a liquid droplet starts to move on a rotating disk. The critical rotational speed ω was theoretically calculated based on the force balance between the surface tension and the centrifugal force, where ω was experimentally measured for each combination between three kinds of test plates and test liquids. The movements of droplets were judged from the careful observation of infinitesimal motion of the three‐phase contact line. The calculated rotational speeds agreed well with measured ones for arbitrary contact angle when the droplets were set on the plate. The three‐dimensional surface profiles of droplets were calculated from the approximate Laplace equation in which the contact line was assumed as the combination of two ellipses with different ratio of measure to minor axis. The measured profiles on the rotating disk were approximated well by the method proposed in this study. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20276
Temperature measurements near a heating surface at high heat fluxes in subcooled pool boiling
Authors: Ono Ayako , Sakashita Hiroto
Published: November 2009

In previous papers (Int J Heat Mass Transfer, 2008;50:3481–3489, 2009;52: 814–821), the authors conducted measurements of liquid–vapor structures in the vicinity of a heating surface for subcooled pool boiling on an upward‐facing copper surface by using a conducting probe method. We reported that the macrolayer dryout model is the most appropriate model of the CHF and that the reason why the CHF increases with increasing subcooling is most likely that a thick macrolayer is able to form beneath large vapor masses and the lowest heat flux of the vapor mass region shifts towards the higher heat flux. To develop a mechanistic model of the CHF for subcooled boiling, therefore, it is necessary to elucidate the effects of local subcooling on boiling behaviors in the vicinity of a heating surface. This paper measured local temperatures close to a heating surface using a micro‐thermocouple at high heat fluxes for water boiling on an upward‐facing surface in the 0 to 40 K range of subcooling. A value for the effective subcooling, defined as the local subcooling during the period while vapor masses are being formed was estimated from the detected bottom peaks of the temperature fluctuations. It was established that the effective subcooling adjacent to the surface remains at considerably lower values than the bulk liquid subcooling. This suggests that, from nucleation to coalescence, the subcooling of a bulk liquid has a smaller effect on the behavior of primary bubbles than the extent of the subcooling would appear to suggest. An empirical correlation of the effective subcooling is proposed to provide a step towards quantitative modeling of the CHF for subcooled boiling. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20277
Effects of overlying velocity, particle size, and biofilm growth on stream–subsurface exchange of particles
Authors: Arnon Shai , Marx Lisa P. , Searcy Kristin E. , Packman Aaron I.
Published: November 2009

Stream–subsurface exchange strongly influences the transport of contaminants, fine particles, and other ecologically relevant substances in streams. We used a recirculating laboratory flume (220 cm long and 20 cm wide) to study the effects of particle size, overlying velocity, and biofilm formation on stream–subsurface exchange of particles. Sodium chloride was used as a non‐reactive dissolved tracer and 1‐ and 5‐µm fluorescent microspheres were used as particulate tracers. Surface–subsurface exchange was observed with a clean sand bed and a bed colonized by an autotrophic–heterotrophic biofilm under two different overlying velocities, 0·9 and 5 cm s−1. Hydrodynamic interactions between the overlying flow and sand bed resulted in a reduction of solute and particle concentrations in the water column, and a corresponding accumulation of particles in both the sediments and in the biofilm. Increasing overlying velocity and particle size resulted in faster removal from the overlying water due to enhanced mass transfer to the bed. The presence of the biofilm did not affect solute exchange under any flow condition tested. The presence of the biofilm significantly increased the deposition of particles under an overlying velocity of 5 cm s−1, and produced a small but statistically insignificant increase at 0·9 cm−1. The particles preferentially deposited within the biofilm matrix relative to the underlying sand. These results demonstrate that hydrodynamic transport conditions, particle size, and biofilm formation play a key role in the transport of suspended particles, such as inorganic sediments, particulate organic matter, and pathogenic microorganisms in freshwater ecosystems, and should be taken into consideration when predicting the fate and transport of particles and contaminants in the environment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in hydrology and erosion over a transition from grassland to shrubland
Authors: Turnbull Laura , Wainwright John , Brazier Richard E.
Published: November 2009

The degradation of grasslands is a common problem across semi‐arid areas worldwide. Over the last 150 years, much of the south‐western United States has experienced significant land degradation, with desert grasslands becoming dominated by shrubs and concurrent changes in runoff and erosion which are thought to propagate further the process of degradation. Plot‐based experiments to determine how spatio‐temporal characteristics of soil moisture, runoff and erosion change over a transition from grassland to shrubland were carried out at four sites over a transition from black grama (Bouteloua eriopoda) grassland to creosotebush (Larrea tridentata) shrubland at the Sevilleta NWR LTER site in New Mexico. Each site consisted of a 10 × 30 m bounded runoff plot and adjacent characterization plots with nested sampling points where soil moisture content was measured. Results show distinct spatio‐temporal variations in soil moisture content, which are due to the net effect of processes operating at multiple spatial and temporal scales, such as plant uptake of water at local scales versus the redistribution of water during runoff events at the hillslope scale. There is an overall increase in runoff and erosion over the transition from grassland to shrubland, which is likely to be associated with an increase in connectivity of bare, runoff‐generating areas, although these increases do not appear to follow a linear trajectory. Erosion rates increased over the transition from grassland to shrubland, likely related in part to changes in runoff characteristics and the increased capacity of the runoff to detach, entrain and transport sediment. Over all plots, fine material was preferentially eroded which has potential implications for nutrient cycling since nutrients tend to be associated with fine sediment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Australian rainfall trends and their relation to the southern oscillation index
Authors: Chowdhury R. K. , Beecham S.
Published: November 2009

Rainfall is the key climate variable that governs the spatial and temporal availability of water. In this study we identified monthly rainfall trends and their relation to the southern oscillation index (SOI) at ten rainfall stations across Australia covering all state capital cities. The nonparametric Mann–Kendall (MK) test was used for identifying significant trends. The trend free pre‐whitening approach (TFPW) was used to remove the effects of serial correlation in the dataset. The trend beginning year was approximated using the cumulative summation (CUSUM) technique and the influence of the SOI was identified using graphical representations of the wavelet power spectrum (WPS). Decreasing trends of rainfall depth were observed at two stations, namely Perth airport for June and July rainfall starting in the 1970s and Sydney Observatory Hill for July rainfall starting in the 1930s. No significant trends were found in the Melbourne, Alice Springs and Townsville rainfall data. The remaining five stations showed increasing trends of monthly rainfall depth. The SOI was found to explain the increasing trends for the Adelaide (June) and Cairns (April) rainfall data and the decreasing trends for Sydney (July) rainfall. Other possible climatic factors affecting Australian rainfall are also discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Embracing complexity across disciplines: Reflective supervision and postdegree training integrate mental health concepts with speech‐language therapy and graduate education
Authors: Shahmoon‐Shanok Rebecca , Geller Elaine
Published: November 2009

This article illustrates how relationship‐based practice and reflective supervision can augment the practice of professionals in allied health disciplines in the earliest childhood fields. The authors describe how mental health constructs were integrated into the discipline‐specific expertise of one speech‐language pathologist and how, in turn, that affected her leadership as graduate program director. The article highlights the transformations that took place within one discipline through the assimilation of a transdisciplinary, relationship‐based, and reflective model. The ongoing individual and group supervision of a speech‐language pathologist through an intensive, reflective, 2‐year experience in a postdegree certificate training program is described to explore the change process; a detailed analysis of one case is used to illustrate shifts in clinical practice and the broadening of theoretical paradigms. Further, the authors illustrate how the graduate program director implemented the use of these constructs with clinical supervisors at her university upon completion of the postdegree training program so that the supervisors could, in turn, introduce and use them with their graduate students. Finally, the benefits, concerns, and limitations of engaging in transdisciplinary work are briefly addressed.
Developing reflective skills in infant mental health postgraduate students: The Australian experience
Authors: Warren Beulah , Mares Sarah
Published: November 2009

Postgraduate training in infant mental health (IMH) was offered by the New South Wales Institute of Psychiatry in Sydney, Australia for the first time in 1998. Since 2002, the program has been offered at the master's level by distance education to a multidisciplinary group of students across Australia and New Zealand. This article considers the various ways that the notion of reflective practice and reflective supervision is used in different disciplines and defines our understanding of its place in IMH training. The program content and delivery emphasize the development of reflective skills in students in a number of ways. These include a supportive relationship‐based approach to training; a 12‐month infant observation which provides students with the opportunity to understand early development, develop observational skills about infants and families as well as their own responses to the infant and family; ongoing clinical supervision and development of a reflective clinical journal; and study and assessment tasks that require the student to integrate new knowledge into clinical practice.
Facilitating reflective supervision in an early child development center
Authors: Emde Robert Newcomb
Published: November 2009

Reflective supervision (RS) has not been a tradition in most early child development settings. The infant mental health consultant, in successfully implementing RS, helps to articulate and affirm some basic values necessary for a community of reflective practice. These emphasize (a) participating in an environment of continuous learning and improvement and (b) engaging in an ongoing commitment to professionalism. Sets of dimensions of RS, therefore, include sharing and learning, emotional support and dealing with vulnerability, and systems sensitivity. Issues for RS training involve using yourself as a tool and learning about the science of being with others.
Dual behavior of 2‐tetralone: A new approach for the synthesis of 5‐aryl‐7,8,13,14‐tetrahydrodibenzo[a,i]phenanthridine
Authors: Sathiyanarayanan Kulathu Iyer , Karthikeyan Natesan Sundaramurthy , Aravindan Paduthapillai Gopal , Shanthi Seenan , Rathore Ravindranath S. , Lee Chang Woo
Published: November 2009

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The one‐pot reaction of 2‐tetralone with ammonium acetate and substituted benzaldehydes affords in a good yield of 5‐aryl‐7,8,13,14‐tetrahydrodibenzo[a,i]phenanthridine or 2,4‐diaryl‐6,7‐benzo‐3‐azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan‐9‐one. The course of the reaction seems to be dictated by the position of the substituents present on the benzaldehyde ring. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
The bigger picture: towards integrating palaeoclimate and environmental data with a history of societal change
Authors: Caseldine C. J. , Turney C.
Published: November 2009

Recent technological and methodological advances in palaeoclimate and environmental reconstruction are increasingly allowing comparisons to historical and archaeological records of societal change. A major motivation of this work is to explore the interactions between natural and human systems on annual to millennial timescales to provide potential insights into future change. Research on this topic has shown that ancient societies in different regions of the world experienced and responded to a range of Holocene climatic and environmental changes with varying degrees of success. However, for the palaeo record to be fully exploited in this regard, it is clear that future work should focus on developing datasets that are more directly integrated with archaeological and historical evidence. Here we consider a range of issues related to achieving this aim and argue that increased interdisciplinarity through collaboration with human and social science colleagues will be critical. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ionic liquids as mobile phase additives for high‐performance liquid chromatography separation of phenoxy acid herbicides and phenols
Authors: Hu Xialin , Peng Jinfeng , Huang Yuanjian , Yin Daqiang , Liu Jingfu
Published: November 2009

In this present study, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([C4MIM]Cl), 1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([C8MIM]Cl), and 1‐decyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([C10MIM]Cl) were adopted as mobile phase additives in the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to simultaneously separate phenoxy acid herbicides and phenols at neutral pH. It was found that by using 20 mM of [C4MIM]Cl, baseline separation and good chromatograms for all the acid compounds were obtained on a normal reversed‐phase C18 column. The retention time of the target acid compounds shortened with the increase of the alkyl chain length and the concentrations of ionic liquids, probably due to the delocalization of the positive charge on the imidazolium cation, the repulsion between chlorine ions of ionic liquids and the acid compounds, as well as the stereo‐hindrance effect. The mechanism with ionic liquids as mobile additives for the separation of acid compounds was discussed.
Role of Polyalanine Domains in β‐Sheet Formation in Spider Silk Block Copolymers
Authors: Rabotyagova Olena S. , Cebe Peggy , Kaplan David L.
Published: November 2009

Genetically engineered spider silk‐like block copolymers were studied to determine the influence of polyalanine domain size on secondary structure. The role of polyalanine block distribution on β‐sheet formation was explored using FT‐IR and WAXS. The number of polyalanine blocks had a direct effect on the formation of crystalline β‐sheets, reflected in the change in crystallinity index as the blocks of polyalanines increased. WAXS analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the sample with the largest number of polyalanine blocks. This approach provides a platform for further exploration of the role of specific amino acid chemistries in regulating the assembly of β‐sheet secondary structures, leading to options to regulate material properties through manipulation of this key component in spider silks.

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Thick Soft Tissue Reconstruction on Highly Perfusive Biodegradable Scaffolds
Authors: Mandoli Corrado , Mecheri Barbara , Forte Giancarlo , Pagliari Francesca , Pagliari Stefania , Carotenuto Felicia , Fiaccavento Roberta , Rinaldi Antonio , Di Nardo Paolo , Licoccia Silvia , Traversa Enrico
Published: November 2009

The lack of a vascular network and poor perfusion is what mostly prevents three‐dimensional (3D) scaffolds from being used in organ repair when reconstruction of thick tissues is needed. Highly‐porous scaffolds made of poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) are prepared by directional thermally induced phase separation (dTIPS) starting from 1,4‐dioxane/PLLA solutions. The influence of polymer concentration and temperature gradient, in terms of imposed intensity and direction, on pore size and distribution is studied by comparison with scaffolds prepared by isotropic TIPS. The processing parameters are optimized to achieve an overall porosity for the 3D scaffolds of about 93% with a degree of interconnectivity of 91%. The resulting pore network is characterized by the ordered repetition of closely packed dendrite‐like cavities, each one showing stacks of 20 µm large side lamellar branches departing from 70 µm diameter vertical backbones, strongly resembling the vascular patterns. The in vitro biological responses after 1 and 2 weeks are evaluated from mesenchymal (bone marrow stromal) cells (MSC) static culturing. A novel vacuum‐based deep‐seeding method is set up to improve uniform cell penetration down to scaffold thicknesses of over 1 mm. Biological screenings show significant 3D scaffold colonization even after 18 h, while cellular retention is observed up to 14 d in vitro (DIV). Pore architecture‐driven cellular growth is accompanied by cell tendency to preserve their multi‐potency towards differentiation. Confluent tissues as thick as 1 mm were reconstructed taking advantage of the large perfusion enhanced by the highly porous microstructure of the engineered scaffolds, which could successfully serve for applications aimed at vascular nets and angiogenesis.

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Multi‐Responsive Supramolecular Double Hydrophilic Diblock Copolymer Driven by Host‐Guest Inclusion Complexation between β‐Cyclodextrin and Adamantyl Moieties
Authors: Liu Hao , Zhang Yanfeng , Hu Jinming , Li Changhua , Liu Shiyong
Published: November 2009

Well‐defined β‐CD‐terminated poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (β‐CD‐PNIPAM) was synthesized via a combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and click chemistry. Moreover, adamantyl‐terminated poly(2‐(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (Ad‐PDEA) was synthesized by ATRP using an adamantane‐containing initiator. Host‐guest inclusion complexation between β‐CD and adamantyl moieties drives the formation of supramolecular double hydrophilic block copolymers (DHBC) from β‐CD‐PNIPAM and Ad‐PDEA. The obtained supramolecular PNIPAM‐b‐PDEA diblock copolymer exhibits intriguing multi‐responsive and reversible micelle‐to‐vesicle transition behavior in aqueous solution by dually playing with solution pH and temperatures.

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Thermally Stable Fluorescent Maleimide/Isobutene Alternating Copolymers Containing Pyrenyl and Alkynylpyrenyl Moieties in the Side Chain
Authors: Yukawa Shotaro , Omayu Akitoshi , Matsumoto Akikazu
Published: November 2009

Alternating copolymers of maleimides containing pyrenyl and alkynylpyrenyl moieties with isobutene (IB) were synthesized as a new class of heat‐resistant and fluorescent polymers. N‐(1‐Pyrenyl)maleimide (1) and N‐[4‐(1‐pyrenylethynyl)phenyl]maleimide (2) were copolymerized with IB in the presence and absence of N‐methylmaleimide (3). The obtained maleimide/IB copolymers showed excellent thermal stability and high glass transition temperatures, and were soluble in common organic solvents. The copolymers including the alkynylpyrenyl fluorophore emitted strong fluorescence with a high quantum efficiency (Φ = 0.83) even in the presence of air and upon heating. Solid‐state fluorescence in transparent films was also investigated.

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The Influence of Molecular Orientation on the Yield and Post‐Yield Response of Injection‐Molded Polycarbonate
Authors: Engels Tom A. P. , Govaert Leon E. , Meijer Han E. H.
Published: November 2009

The influence of the flow history experienced during injection molding on the mechanical properties of amorphous polymers is investigated. It is demonstrated that flow‐induced molecular orientation only causes a small anisotropic effect on the yield stress, which can be regarded as insignificant with respect to its absolute value. Its influence on the post‐yield strain‐hardening response is also shown to be imperceptible, in contrast to a orientation which is applied during deformation below the glas transition.

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Fabrication of Regularly Patterned Microporous Films by Self‐Organization of an Amphiphilic Liquid‐Crystalline Diblock Copolymer in a Dry Environment
Authors: Chen Dong , Liu Hui , Kobayashi Takaomi , Yu Haifeng
Published: November 2009

An amphiphilic LCBC PEO‐b‐PAz consisting of flexible PEO as a hydrophilic block and poly(methacrylic acid) containing an azobenzene moiety in side chain as a hydrophobic LC segment was synthesized and used to fabricated microporous films by spin‐coating method under a dry environment. With the help of a small amount of water, well‐arranged ellipsoidal micropores embedded in a LC matrix were obtained and the pore size is in the range of several tens µm of water. The influence of water content and rotational speed was studied in detail. It was found that regularly patterned microporous films can be prepared with certain water content, and the pore size can be easily tailored through changing the rotational speed. The obtained microporous structures showed good thermal and photo stability.

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Small‐Angle Neutron Scattering from Elastomeric Networks in which the Junctions Alternate Regularly in their Functionality
Authors: Skliros Aris , Mark James E. , Kloczkowski Andrzej
Published: November 2009

We compute scattering form factors for SANS from labeled paths in Gaussian phantom networks in which junctions alternate regularly in their functionality (the number of chains emanating from a junction). Our calculations are based on the James‐Guth model of rubber‐like elasticity, which assumes that fluctuations are strain independent, while mean vectors transform affinely with the applied strain. Kratky plots for scattering from isotropic and uniaxially stretched bifunctional networks are computed and compared with corresponding plots for the simpler unifunctional networks. The results show the effects of the length of the labeled path, extent of deformation, direction of scattering with respect to the principal axis of the deformation and the functionalities of the network junctions.

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Hepato‐biliary late effects in survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Castellino Sharon , Muir Andrew , Shah Ami , Shope Sheila , McMullen Kevin , Ruble Kathy , Barber Ashley , Davidoff Andrew , Hudson Melissa M.
Published: November 2009

Curative therapy for childhood and adolescent cancer translates to 1 in 640 young adults being a survivor of cancer. Although acute hepato‐biliary toxicity occurs commonly during pediatric cancer therapy, the impact of antineoplastic therapy on long‐term liver health in childhood/adolescent cancer survivors is unknown. This article reviews the medical literature on late liver dysfunction following treatment for childhood/adolescent cancer. We also outline the Children's Oncology Group (COG) guidelines for screening and follow‐up of hepato‐biliary sequelae. As the population of survivors grow and age, vigilance for risks to hepatic health needs to continue based on specific exposures during curative cancer therapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:663–669. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic factors in pulmonary metastasized high‐grade osteosarcoma
Authors: Buddingh Emilie P. , Anninga Jakob K. , Versteegh Michel I.M. , Taminiau Antonie H.M. , Egeler R. Maarten , van Rijswijk Catherina S.P. , Hogendoorn Pancras C.W. , Lankester Arjan C. , Gelderblom Hans
Published: November 2009

Introduction

Resection of pulmonary metastases has previously been reported to improve outcome in high‐grade osteosarcoma (OS) patients. Factors influencing survival in OS patients with pulmonary metastases are important for clinical decision making.

Methods

All 88 OS patients with pulmonary metastases either at diagnosis or during follow‐up treated at the Leiden University Medical Center between January 1, 1990 and January 1, 2008 under the age of 40 were included in this study, including 79 cases of conventional, 8 cases of telangiectatic and 1 case of small cell OS.

Results

In total, 56 of 88 patients with pulmonary metastases were treated by metastasectomy. Resectability of pulmonary metastases was the main prognostic factor. In patients with primary non‐metastatic OS, a longer relapse free interval to pulmonary metastases was significantly associated with better survival (P = 0.02). Independent risk factors determining worse survival after metastasectomy in multivariate analysis were male sex (P = 0.05), higher number of pulmonary nodules (P = 0.03), and non‐necrotic metastases (P = 0.04). Whether surgery for recurrent pulmonary metastases was performed did not influence survival. Histological subtype of the primary tumor, histological response in the primary tumor after neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy, occurrence of local relapse, local resection or amputation of the primary tumor and age at diagnosis did not influence outcome.

Conclusion

This cohort of patients with detailed follow‐up data enabled us to identify important risk factors determining survival in OS patients with pulmonary metastases. We demonstrate that after repeated metastasectomies, a subset of patients can be cured. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:216–221. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isolated CNS vasculitis: Unusual presentation of relapsed Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Stepensky Polina , Waldman Elisha , Simanovsky Natalia , Fried Iris , Revel‐Vilk Shoshana , Resnick Igor B. , Weintraub Michael
Published: November 2009

We describe a 12‐year‐old boy male who presented with an expressive dysphasia after completion of treatment for unifocal Ewing sarcoma. CNS vasculitis was diagnosed by MRI/MRA and cerebral angiography. Extensive rheumatologic work‐up failed to identify an underlying primary process. Restaging studies showed no evidence of tumor. Complete neurologic recovery was achieved on prednisone. Four months later the patient developed overt, extensive metastases, confirmed by biopsy to represent recurrent Ewing sarcoma. Despite intensive therapy the patient succumbed 6 months later. This case demonstrates the unique finding of isolated CNS vasculitis as a presenting sign of Ewing sarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:326–328. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Noninvasive Imaging Surrogate of Angiogenesis in Osteosarcoma
Authors: Bajpai Jyoti , Gamanagatti Shivanand , Sharma Mehar C. , Kumar Rakesh , Vishnubhatla Sreenivas , Khan Shah Alam , Rastogi Shishir , Malhotra Arun , Bakhshi Sameer
Published: November 2009

Purpose

Measurement of tumor angiogenesis by qualitative analysis of dynamic contrast enhanced‐magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI), and its association with diffusion‐weighted (DW)‐MRI and glucose metabolism using positron emission tomography‐computerized tomography (PET‐CT) scan has not been explored in osteosarcoma. Present study was aimed to evaluate the potential of these surrogates.

Patients And Methods

Thirty‐one treatment naive patients with osteosarcoma underwent MRI and PET‐CT preceding and following three cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and surgery. Time intensity curves (TICs) representing low microvascular permeability is persistent type while that of high permeability are plateau and washout types. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was assessed in biopsy and resected specimens by immunohistochemistry. The sample was considered VEGF positive when intensive positive staining of VEGF was observed in >10% of the tumor cells in biopsy or resection specimens.

Results

TIC could correctly identify all 28 VEGF positive samples at baseline and 24/25 (96%) of VEGF positive samples and 5/6 (83%) of VEGF negative samples after NACT. The change in curve pattern from washout/plateau to persistent type was in agreement with corresponding decrease in microvascular permeability, that is, VEGF expression. For persistent type of TIC, mean change in VEGF was 73.3 ± 43.2% and for plateau and washout type of TIC it was 19.54 ± 45% and 16.66 ± 28.86%, respectively (P ≤ 0.04). VEGF expression did not correlate with DW‐MRI and PET‐CT parameters.

Conclusion

This study suggests an important role of DCE‐MRI as a noninvasive imaging surrogate of tumor angiogenesis in osteosarcoma based on visual inspection of TIC. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:526–531. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
User and carer views of CAMHS intensive home treatment service in Bradford
Authors: Rani Jhansi , Prosser Anthea , Worrall‐Davies Anne , Kiernan Katy , Hewson Lesley
Published: November 2009

We report the views of young people and their families who used an innovative, intensive home‐based child and adolescent mental health service. We interviewed a sample of young people and their parents, who had used the service using a semi‐structured interview designed to encourage reflection on the intensive home‐based service. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and framework analysis undertaken. Key themes are discussed in the context of current strategic developments of children's services. We concluded that it is important for families to know what services are available, and feel that they have choice in treatment plans. Both positive and negative impacts on family life in caring for a young person with mental illness at home emerged as key themes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Embodied transnationalism: bodies in transnational spaces
Authors: Dunn Kevin
Published: November 2009

Transnationalism has become a popular concept within migration studies and human geography. A series of concerns have been raised about the early use of the term, mostly prompted by an exaggerated characterisation of mobility. Adopting an embodied approach to the study of transnationalism is a powerful corrective to the dangers of exaggerating mobility and footloosedness. When the scale of analysis is upon migrants rather than migration flows, and upon transnationals rather than upon transnationalism, a much more complicated and realistic picture emerges. Transnationals are simultaneously mobile and emplaced. And the extent of choice and compulsion (of both mobility and sedentariness) is uneven across racialised axes, birthplace, gender, and disability. At the embodied scale the affective and emotional geographies of transnationalism are more palpable. Importantly, an embodied analysis of transnationalism reveals the ever‐present valency of place. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The biophysical and geographical correlates of child malnutrition in Africa
Authors: de Sherbinin Alex
Published: November 2009

Hunger is a major problem in sub‐Saharan Africa, and unlike other world regions the problem seems to be worsening. This paper seeks to determine if, when controlling for income and the health conditions, biophysical and geographical variables help to explain variation in the rates of child malnutrition. The literature on this subject is inconclusive precisely because the survey data, upon which most studies of malnutrition rely, rarely include variables that measure these factors. Examples of biophysical and geographic factors often cited in the literature include the balance of rainfall to evapotranspiration, the productivity of agricultural lands, distance to urban areas, topography, the frequency of drought, malaria endemicity, and market access through road networks. This paper introduces these variables into an analysis of 367 sub‐national units in Africa based on household demographic survey strata. Running a spatial error model, and controlling for income, only three variables were found to be significantly correlated with child malnutrition: drought prevalence, the percentage of households with piped water, and diarrheal disease prevalence. This contrasts with the findings of earlier studies that sought to introduce similar biophysical/geographical variables into analyses of child malnutrition and mortality, as well as with ordinary least squares regression results presented in this paper, which found much larger sets of biophysical and geographical variables to be significantly correlated with malnutrition, thus highlighting the importance of addressing spatial autocorrelation in studies of this kind. The paper concludes with policy recommendations and a brief assessment of the strengths and shortcomings of continental scale analyses on the drivers of hunger and poverty. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel metal‐[metal oxide]‐nonmetal sandwich‐like superalkali compounds Li3OMC5H5 (M = Be, Mg, and Ca): How to increase the aromaticity of Li ring?
Authors: Wang Yin‐Feng , Chen Wei , Yu Guang‐Tao , Li Zhi‐Ru , Sun Chia‐Chung
Published: November 2009

The structures of novel metal‐[metal oxide]‐nonmetal sandwich‐like superalkali compounds, that is, H‐ and T‐shaped Li3OMC5H5 (M = Be, Mg, and Ca), with all the real frequencies are obtained for the first time at the MP2/6‐311+G(2d, p) level. For M = Be, the T‐shaped isomer is more stable than the H‐shaped one, but the H‐shaped isomer is more stable than the T‐shaped one for M = Mg and Ca. The natural bond orbital analysis indicates that these compounds are complex zwitterions and can be denoted as (Li3)+(O2−M2+)(C5H5)− with two aromatic rings (Li and C5H). Four factors to increase the nucleus‐independent chemical shift (NICS) of Li ring in Li3OMC5H5 systems are found. (1) Replacing the T‐shaped structure with parallel Li and C5H ring by the corresponding H‐shaped structure with perpendicular Li and C5H ring, the NICS value considerably increases from −7.8 ∼ −8.2 to −22.2 ∼ −43.4 ppm. (2) The existence of the neighboring alkaline earth metal oxide subunit evidently increases the NICS in H‐shaped structures from about −11.1 to −16.1 ∼ −37.0 ppm. (3) Based on the finding that the alkaline earth atomic number dependence of the aromaticity of Li ring, the larger atomic number increases the NICS value. (4) The end C5H subunit increases the NICS value. For example, the increase is −6.4 ppm for H‐shaped Li3OCaC5H5. In addition, the expected out‐of‐plane σ‐aromaticity of Li ring is not exhibited, in contrast to that in the sandwich‐like structure of Li3OLi3 (Chen et al., J Chem Phys, 2005, 123, 164306), but the in‐plane σ‐aromaticity of it is increased. Why? This is because (1) the size of the OM subunit near the Li ring is small, and (2) the large‐sized C5H subunit is far from the Li ring. For these Li3OMC5H5, the H‐shaped structure exhibits electride characteristics, and the T‐shaped structure with lithium anion exhibits alkalide characteristics. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Ground state for two‐electron and electron‐muon three‐body atomic systems
Authors: Rodriguez K. V. , Ancarani L. U. , Gasaneo G. , Mitnik D. M.
Published: November 2009

In this article, the angular correlated configuration interaction method previously introduced by some of the authors is extended to three‐body atomic systems with general masses. A recently proposed angularly correlated basis set is used to construct ground state wave functions which: (i) satisfy exactly Kato cusp conditions at the two‐body coalescence points; (ii) have only linear coefficients; and (iii) show a fast convergency rate for the energy. The efficiency of the construction is illustrated by the study of the negatively charged hydrogen‐like systems (∞H−, T−, D−, 1H−, and Mu−), neutral helium‐like systems (e−e− ∞He+2,e−e− 4He+2, e−e− 3He+2, e−μ− ∞He+2, e−μ −4He+2, and e−μ− 3He+2), and positively charged lithium‐like systems (e−e− ∞Li+3, e−e− 7Li+3, e−e− 6Li+3, e−μ− ∞Li+3, e−μ− 7Li+3, and e−μ− 6Li+3). The ground state energies and other mean values are compared with those given in the literature, when available. Wave functions with a moderate number of (20 maximum) linear coefficients are given explicitly; they are sufficiently simple and accurate to be used in practical calculations of atomic collision in which multidimensional integrations are involved. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Geometrical properties of nodal surfaces of many‐electron wave functions
Authors: Chuvylkin Nikolai D. , Smolenskii Evgenii A. , Molchanova Marina S. , Zefirov Nikolai S.
Published: November 2009

Hypothesis of the exclusion of equipotential surfaces for many‐electron wave functions (MWF) has been enunciated. This hypothesis clarifies the physical meaning of the Pauli exclusion principle and opens the way for future progress of new quantum‐chemical methods for the construction of approximate MWFs differing from the traditional Hartree–Fock approximation. The equipotential surface exclusion principle has been tested on traditional representative “test systems” of quantum mechanics: the helium atom, the lithium atom, and the hydrogen molecule. Judging by the results of these tests, the use of the suggested approach can lead to a considerable increase in the efficiency of high‐accuracy quantum‐chemical calculations. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Theoretical study on second‐order nonlinear optical properties of spin crossover Fe(III) phenolate‐pyridyl Schiff base complexes
Authors: Zhao Hai‐Bo , Sun Shi‐Ling , Qiu Yong‐Qing , Liu Chun‐Guang , Su Zhong‐Min
Published: November 2009

The density functional and ab initio theory were used to investigate the second‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of Schiff base ligands, open‐shell Fe(III), and closed‐shell Ni(II) complexes. The effect of the metal center in complexes is thus manifold: it templates the formation of acentric structures, imparts high thermal stability to the chelate ring, and display higher second‐order NLO response than their ligands. The second‐order NLO response of metal complexes are intensively sensitive to the exchange donor/acceptor because the differences of the extent of charge separation and the intraligand charge transfer processes. Thus, substituted metal complexes could realize “switches on” the second‐order NLO response by exchange donor/acceptor. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
[Fe‐Fe]‐hydrogenase reactivated by residue mutations as bridging carbonyl rearranges: A QM/MM study
Authors: Motiu Stefan , Gogonea Valentin
Published: November 2009

In this work, we found aqueous enzyme phase reaction pathways for the reactivation of the exogenously inhibited [Fe‐Fe]‐hydrogenases by O2, or OH−, which metabolizes to H2O (Dogaru et al., Int J Quantum Chem 2008, 108; Motiu et al., Int J Quantum Chem 2007, 107, 1248). We used the hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) method to study the reactivation pathways of the exogenously inhibited enzyme matrix. The ONIOM calculations performed on the enzyme agree with experimental results (Liu et al., J Am Chem Soc 2002, 124, 5175), that is, wild‐type [Fe‐Fe]‐hydrogenase H‐cluster is inhibited by oxygen metabolites. An enzyme spherical region with a radius of 8 Å (from the distal iron, Fed) has been screened for residues that prevent H2O from leaving the catalytic site and reactivate the [Fe‐Fe]‐hydrogenase H‐cluster. In the screening process, polar residues were removed, one at a time, and frequency calculations provided the change in the Gibbs' energy for the dissociation of water (due to their deletion). When residue deletion resulted in significant Gibbs' energy decrease, further residue substitutions have been carried out. Following each substitution, geometry optimization and frequency calculations have been performed to assess the change in the Gibbs' energy for the elimination of H2O. Favorable thermodynamic results have been obtained for both single residue removal (ΔGΔGlu374 = −1.6 kcal/mol), single substitution (ΔGGlu374His = −3.1 kcal/mol), and combined residue substitutions (ΔGArg111Glu;Thr145Val;Glu374His;Tyr375Phe = −7.5 kcal/mol). Because the wild‐type enzyme has only an endergonic step to overcome, that is, for H2O removal, by eliminating several residues, one at a time, the endergonic step was made to proceed spontaneously. Thus, the most promising residue deletions which enhance H2O elimination are ΔArg111, ΔThr145, ΔSer177, ΔGlu240, ΔGlu374, and ΔTyr375. The thermodynamics and electronic structure analyses show that the bridging carbonyl (COb) of the H‐cluster plays a concomitant role in the enzyme inhibition/reactivation. In gas phase, COb shifts towards Fed to compensate for the electron density donated to oxygen upon the elimination of H2O. However, this is not possible in the wild‐type enzyme because the protein matrix hinders the displacement of COb towards Fed, which leads to enzyme inhibition. Nevertheless, enzyme reactivation can be achieved by means of appropriate amino acid substitutions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Theoretical study on electronic structure of (CNC)Fe_2N2 and its N2 elimination mechanism
Authors: Zhang Xiang
Published: November 2009

The density function theory (DFT) is to elucidate the electronic structure of bis(dinitrogen) Fe(0) complex, (CNC)Fe_2N2, and its N2 elimination mechanism. (CNC)Fe_2N2 has a low‐spin singlet (S = 0) ground state with a distorted square pyramidal structure. Fragment orbital interaction analysis yields total occupancy of π* orbitals (LUF(4)O and LUF(4)O−1) of apical N3N4 is 0.188 while that of basal N1N2 is 0.187 in S0(CNC)Fe_2N2, suggesting nearly the same activation extent for both basal and apical N2 ligands. The lowest‐lying triplet state T1 (3‐A′) has a repulsive potential energy surface along the FeN3 bong length by PBE functional, while a minimum on T2 state (3‐A″) with higher energy is found by B3LYP functional. The nonadiabatic N2 elimination mechanism of (CNC)Fe_2N2 involves an S0‐T1 states crossing, which lowers the activation energy to 9.7 kcal/mol and produces high‐spin intermediate (CNC)FeN2. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
The proton‐coupled proton transfer mechanism, H2O catalysis, and hydrogen tunneling effects in the reaction of HNCH2 with HCOOH in the interstellar medium
Authors: Xu Sichuan , Deng Shengrong , Ma Liying , Shi Qiang , Ge Maofa , Zhang Xingkang
Published: November 2009

The reaction HNCH2 + HCOOH → H2NCH2COOH is supposed to be an important reaction related to the possible origin of amino acids on the early Earth. We find that it has an energy barrier of 87.37 kcal mol−1 obtained with MP2/6‐311+G** in the gas phase, but it is likely enhanced to occur in the interstellar medium (ISM) through a proton‐coupled proton transfer reaction, initiated by HNCH2 coupled with H2+, H3+, or H3+O. H2+, H3+, and H3+O serve as a donor of energy in the coupled reactions. H+, which is a key species to the coupled reactions, further, plays a catalytic role in reducing a barrier up to 14.14 kcal mol−1. In the coupled reaction with H3+O, H2O, which can seize, transport, and deliver a proton from HCOOH to H2NCH2+, reduces a barrier up to 14.96 kcal mol−1. A significant hydrogen‐tunneling pathway is predicted by the temperature dependences of kHCVT/SCT, calculated using the small curvature tunneling (SCT) approximation and canonical variational transition state theory (CVT). Hydrogen tunneling is another important mechanism to make the reaction happen in the ISM. The achieved results can be applied to discuss the origin of amino acids from the materials of the Earth itself. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010