bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Repositioning news and public connection in everyday life: a user-oriented perspective on inclusiveness, engagement, relevance, and constructiveness
Authors: Swart Joëlle , Peters Chris , Broersma Marcel
Published: November 2016

News has traditionally served as a common ground, enabling people to connect to others and engage with the public issues they encounter in everyday life. This article revisits these theoretical debates about mediated public connection within the context of a digitalized news media landscape. While academic discussions surrounding these shifts are often explored in terms of normative ideals ascribed to political systems or civic cultures, we propose to reposition the debate by departing from the practices and preferences of the news user instead. Therefore, we deconstruct and translate the concept of public connection into four dimensions that emphasize people’s lived experiences: inclusiveness, engagement, relevance, and constructiveness. Situating these in an everyday life framework, this article advances a user-based perspective that considers the role of news for people in digital societies. Accordingly, it offers a conceptual framework that aims to encapsulate how news becomes meaningful, rather than why it should be.
Namaste Care™: A Person-Centered Care Approach for Alzheimer’s and Advanced Dementia
Authors: McNiel Paula , Westphal Judith
Published: November 2016

New methods of care are required to meet the needs of people with dementia and their caregivers. The Namaste Care™ program provides a person-centered approach through meaningful activities and loving touch. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences of residents, staff, and family involved in the Namaste Care™ program at a long-term care facility in the United States. A descriptive approach was used to interview 14 staff members. The findings revealed six themes: peaceful sanctuary, relating their way, transforming experiences, connections and community, positive moments, and awakened to the possibilities. Results suggest that Namaste Care™ may be useful for individuals no longer able to participate in traditional long-term care setting activities. Further studies are indicated to confirm the impact on hospital readmissions, therapy enhancement, and medication use in relationship to Namaste Care™ program participation.
Regulating fears of rejection
Authors: Dixon Holly Claire , Overall Nickola Christine
Published: November 2016

Relationship conflict often incites fears of rejection, and rejection fears can lead to destructive behaviors toward intimate partners. In the current study, we tested whether dispositional mindfulness attenuated rejection fears, and destructive behaviors arising from rejection fears, during daily conflict with romantic partners. Participants first completed measures of dispositional mindfulness, self-esteem, relationship commitment, and self-control. Participants then reported their daily experiences of conflict with their romantic partner, fears of rejection, and destructive behavior each day for 10 days. Greater daily conflict was associated with increases in daily rejection fears, and greater rejection fears were associated with increases in destructive behaviors. However, both of these within-person associations were attenuated for people higher in dispositional mindfulness. Moreover, the buffering effect of mindfulness on rejection fears was particularly effective for those low in self-esteem who chronically doubt their relational value and typically show heightened fears of rejection. The attenuating effect of mindfulness on rejection fears and destructive behaviors was also independent of other factors shown to produce more constructive reactions to relationship conflict, including participants’ relationship commitment and self-control. These results reveal the unique and important role dispositional mindfulness plays in regulating rejection fears and facilitating more constructive behaviors during daily life.
Implications of the declarative/procedural model for improving second language learning: The role of memory enhancement techniques
Authors: Ullman Michael T , Lovelett Jarrett T
Published: November 2016

The declarative/procedural (DP) model posits that the learning, storage, and use of language critically depend on two learning and memory systems in the brain: declarative memory and procedural memory. Thus, on the basis of independent research on the memory systems, the model can generate specific and often novel predictions for language. Till now most such predictions and ensuing empirical work have been motivated by research on the neurocognition of the two memory systems. However, there is also a large literature on techniques that enhance learning and memory. The DP model provides a theoretical framework for predicting which techniques should extend to language learning, and in what circumstances they should apply. In order to lay the neurocognitive groundwork for these predictions, here we first summarize the neurocognitive fundamentals of the two memory systems and briefly lay out the resulting claims of the DP model for both first and second language. We then provide an overview of learning and memory enhancement techniques before focusing on two techniques – spaced repetition and retrieval practice – that have been linked to the memory systems. Next, we present specific predictions for how these techniques should enhance language learning, and review existing evidence, which suggests that they do indeed improve the learning of both first and second language. Finally, we discuss areas of future research and implications for second language pedagogy.
Facial Redness Increases Men’s Perceived Healthiness and Attractiveness
Authors: Thorstenson Christopher A. , Pazda Adam D. , Elliot Andrew J. , Perrett David I.
Published: November 2016

Past research has shown that peripheral and facial redness influences perceptions of attractiveness for men viewing women. The current research investigated whether a parallel effect is present when women rate men with varying facial redness. In four experiments, women judged the attractiveness of men’s faces, which were presented with varying degrees of redness. We also examined perceived healthiness and other candidate variables as mediators of the red-attractiveness effect. The results show that facial redness positively influences ratings of men’s attractiveness. Additionally, perceived healthiness was documented as a mediator of this effect, independent of other potential mediator variables. The current research emphasizes facial coloration as an important feature of social judgments.
Neoliberal urbanism, public space, and the greening of the growth machine: New York City’s High Line park
Authors: Lang Steven , Rothenberg Julia
Published: November 2016

In post-industrial cities throughout the world abandoned railroads, demolished freeways, disused canals, and other derelict industrial ruins are being transformed into ecologically inspired and aesthetically designed leisure, consumption, and tourist spaces based upon the principles of Landscape Urbanism and ideas about sustainable park design. New York City’s High Line is one example of this growing trend. Sustainable parks like the High Line claim to provide economic, ecological, and equity benefits associated with the 3 Es of sustainability. Our research on the development of New York City’s High Line suggests that while the High Line meets the economic piece of the sustainability triad with its promise of generating growth, its success in terms of the ecological dimension of sustainability is unclear. More troubling is the High Line’s neglect of the social equity component of the discourse of sustainability. Our work brings together several key arguments in the critical literature on urban sustainability to examine how structural constraints associated with creating post-industrial ecological spaces in a climate of neoliberal urbanization play out in the paradigmatic case of the High Line.
Comparison between European chimney test results and actual installations
Authors: Leppänen Perttu , Neri Manuela , Luscietti Davide , Bani Sandro , Pentti Matti , Pilotelli Mariagrazia
Published: November 2016

European standards regulate the certification procedure for determining chimney class temperature and the distance at which to install chimneys from combustible materials. These standards prescribe the heat stress test and the thermal shock test. The high number of roof fires due to the presence of a chimney that have recently occurred in European countries seems to be due to a weak certification procedure. In this article, experimental tests and numerical simulations have been performed to highlight the major differences between real and test conditions to identify critical aspects of the current certification procedure. The influence of the position of the chimney in the test structure, the thermocouples’ positioning and the thermal shock test initial condition have been investigated. It has been shown that flammable materials’ temperatures measured in the certification procedure can be lower than those in real installations, and this is mainly due to the fact that exhaust gas temperature in the certification procedure of chimneys can be even 350°C lower than in real installations. Then, real installations represent a more severe condition.
Prosecuting privateers for piracy: How piracy law transitioned from treason to a crime against property
Authors: Craze Sarah
Published: November 2016

In the late seventeenth century, the battle for the English throne between the anointed King James II and his usurper and son-in-law William precipitated a shift in the legal interpretation of piracy. The trial in 1694 of eight of King James’ privateers, and specifically the position of their advocate, William Oldish, significantly influenced this shift. Oldish claimed that allegiance to a sovereign was a choice, not an obligation, and this shaped the development of the law relating to piracy, which became a crime of property rather than a crime of treason. This transition was embodied in the Piracy Act of 1698. But as this legislation expired after only seven years, the passing of the 1708 Prize Act occurred in a legislative environment at odds with the precedents being set in courts at the time. The aim of this article is to set the legislation of the 1690s in a long-term context to offer a clearer understanding of the evolution of the law pertaining to private prize-taking activity at sea.
Entrepreneurs at sea: Trading practices, legal opportunities and early modern globalization
Authors: Fusaro Maria , Blakemore Richard J , Crivelli Benedetta , Ekama Kate J , Vanneste Tijl , Lucassen Jan , van Rossum Matthias , Okabe Yoshihiko , Hallén Per , Kane Patrick M
Published: November 2016

Historians of globalization have considered how the early phases of globalization brought about changes in localized legal systems. But rather than pursuing the conventional approach of identifying ways in which the law developed to function on a more global scale, we adopt a localized perspective to examine how a landscape of different legal systems offered myriad opportunities in which the entrepreneurial activities of many actors could flourish. Instead of investigating the ‘usual suspects’ of the mercantile world – the seemingly ubiquitous, multi-faceted ‘merchants’ – we focus on the economic role played by seamen as traders by interrogating ‘economic’ and ‘legal’ evidence to illuminate the spread of their entrepreneurial activities across the globe. We take a comparative view of this broad subject by seeking to identify similarities and contrasts in the economic behaviour of seafarers from various European countries. In spatial terms, our focus is on the Mediterranean basin, because this was the first area in which different European legal and business models clashed. However, the session at the XVIIth World Economic History in Kyoto was conceived to include a wider selection of early modern examples, as it is our contention that these clashes were formative elements in the economic tide that swept across the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, giving rise to early modern globalization.
Robust non-fragile state feedback attitude control for uncertain spacecraft with input saturation
Authors: Liu Chuang , Sun Zhaowei , Shi Keke , Wang Feng
Published: November 2016

This paper investigates the robust non-fragile state feedback attitude control problem for uncertain spacecraft, and the problem explored here is subject to H∞ performance constraint, quadratic stability, external disturbances, controller perturbation and control input saturation. The model of spacecraft attitude control system is introduced and transformed into a state space form with parameter uncertainty. Based on Lyapunov theory, sufficient conditions for the existence of robust non-fragile state feedback controller are given based on linear matrix inequalities in terms of additive perturbation and multiplicative perturbation. Then, the design of non-fragile controller subject to required constraints can be regarded as a convex optimization problem based on linear matrix inequalities. By solving linear matrix inequalities to obtain an optimal feasible solution which satisfies all the constraints of the problem and optimizes the objective function, the controller gain matrix can be obtained exactly. Based on the obtained controller, the spacecraft attitude control problem can be solved. The simulation results also demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Optimal design of aerodynamic force supplementary devices for the improvement of fuel consumption and emissions
Authors: Pourasad Yaghoub , Ghanati Amirhossein , Khosravi Mehrdad
Published: November 2016

One of the primary concerns in the automotive industry is energy saving, protecting the global environment and fuel consumption reduction. The main purpose of this study is to develop optimal supplementary parts for reduction of aerodynamic force of highway tractor and trailer combinations to reduce aerodynamic drag, without negatively affecting the usefulness or profitability of the vehicles. In this article, the possibility to improve the aerodynamic performance for boosting fuel economy of trucks is studied by optimal designing of supplementary devices. That will be carried out by using integrated computational fluid dynamic and genetic algorithm for simulation and geometry optimization of applied devices. Also, simulation results are verified by experimental results in wind tunnel. For this purpose, effects of various supplementary devices and configuration are added to space between cabin and cargo compartment to stabilize the vortex and decrease the drag resistance force. Finally, the geometry of appended device with considering the installation and packing conditions is optimized by using a genetic algorithm. Through the analysis of airflow contours and optimization procedure, results indicate that using two plates at the sidewalls of the gap with optimized length and installation angle can reach the maximum reduction of drag force and fuel consumption by 20 and 10%, respectively.
Trade unions in transnational automotive companies in Russia and Slovakia: Prospects for working-class power
Authors: Hinz Sarah , Morris Jeremy
Published: November 2016

This article compares industrial relations in production sites in Slovakia and Russia owned by a single transnational automotive firm, Volkswagen. We analyse the empirical data using a working-class power approach. In Slovakia, associational and institutional power is well developed and influenced by the model of German work councils, but structural power is weakly exercised and unions rely on non-conflictual engagement with management. In Russia, structural working-class power remains strong, but the opportunities for transforming this into lasting associational, let alone institutional power, remain limited; thus, new unions make use of unconventional methods of protest to promote worker interests.
Equilibrium line altitudes along the Andes during the Last millennium: Paleoclimatic implications
Authors: Sagredo Esteban A , Lowell Thomas V , Kelly Meredith A , Rupper Summer , Aravena Juan Carlos , Ward Dylan J , Malone Andrew GO
Published: November 2016

Deciphering the climate changes that influenced the glacial fluctuations of the last millennium requires documenting the spatial and temporal patterns of these glacial events. Here, we estimate the change in equilibrium line altitudes (ELAs) between the most prominent glacial advance of the last millennium and the present for four alpine glaciers located in different climatic regimes along the Andes. For each glacier, we reconstruct scenarios of climatic conditions (temperature and precipitation anomalies) that accommodate the observed ELA changes. We focus on the following glaciers: an alpine glacier in the Cordillera Vilcanota (13°S), Tapado glacier (30°S), Cipreses glacier (34°S), and Tranquilo glacier (47°S). Our results show that the range of possible temperature and precipitation anomalies that accommodate the observed ELA changes overlap significantly at three of the four sites (i.e. Vilcanota, Cipreses, and Tranquilo). Only Tapado glacier exhibits a set of climate anomalies that differs from the other three sites. Assuming no change in precipitation, the estimated ELA changes require a cooling of at least 0.7°C in the Cordillera Vilcanota, 1.0°C at Tapado glacier, 0.6°C at Cipreses glacier, and 0.7°C at Tranquilo glacier. Conversely, assuming no change in temperature, the estimated ELA changes are explained by increases in precipitation exceeding 0.52 m yr−1 (64% of the annual precipitation) in the Cordillera Vilcanota, 0.31 m yr−1 (89%) at Tapado glacier, 0.22 m yr−1 (27%) at Cipreses glacier, and 0.3 m yr−1 (27%) at Tranquilo glacier. By mapping the ELA changes and modeling the potential climate forcing across diverse climate settings, we aim to contribute toward documenting the spatial variability of climate conditions during the last millennium, a key step to decipher the mechanisms underlying the glacial fluctuation that occurred during this period.
No support for lipid rescue in oral poisoning: A systematic review and analysis of 160 published cases
Authors: Forsberg M , Forsberg S , Edman G , Höjer J
Published: November 2016

Lipid rescue is used as treatment of various poisonings despite weak scientific evidence. Some experimental studies have indicated a positive effect, but others have not. Clinical studies are lacking, wherefore a systematic review of virtually all published human case reports is presented. The case reports were searched for in PubMed and Web of Science and examined by two experts according to an assessment form grading the probability for a causal connection between lipid rescue and improved symptoms. A total of 160 cases were finally included, of which 30 had no positive effect of lipid rescue. Among the 130 included cases with alleged positive effect, 94 were oral poisonings and 36 were cases with local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST). The experts’ assessment resulted in a “certain” causal connection in three cases with LAST but not in oral poisoning. Moreover, the mean assessment score among the oral poisonings was significantly worse than the corresponding score in the cases with LAST. The average log p-value of the main toxins among the oral poisonings was significantly lower than the corresponding p-value in the cases with LAST. Among the oral poisonings, 91% had received some other resuscitative treatment more or less simultaneously with lipid rescue. Considering the findings of this study and the increasingly reported adverse effects of lipid rescue, it’s reasonable to strictly limit its use in clinical practice. We would not recommend it in oral poisonings.
Linear-rank testing of a non-binary, responder-analysis, efficacy score to evaluate pharmacotherapies for substance use disorders
Authors: Holmes Tyson H , Li Shou-Hua , McCann David J
Published: November 2016

The design of pharmacological trials for management of substance use disorders is shifting toward outcomes of successful individual-level behavior (abstinence or no heavy use). While binary success/failure analyses are common, McCann and Li (CNS Neurosci Ther 2012; 18: 414–418) introduced “number of beyond-threshold weeks of success” (NOBWOS) scores to avoid dichotomized outcomes. NOBWOS scoring employs an efficacy “hurdle” with values reflecting duration of success. Here, we evaluate NOBWOS scores rigorously. Formal analysis of mathematical structure of NOBWOS scores is followed by simulation studies spanning diverse conditions to assess operating characteristics of five linear-rank tests on NOBWOS scores. Simulations include assessment of Fisher’s exact test applied to hurdle component. On average, statistical power was approximately equal for five linear-rank tests. Under none of conditions examined did Fisher’s exact test exhibit greater statistical power than any of the linear-rank tests. These linear-rank tests provide good Type I and Type II error control for comparing distributions of NOBWOS scores between groups (e.g. active vs. placebo). All methods were applied to re-analyses of data from four clinical trials of differing lengths and substances of abuse. These linear-rank tests agreed across all trials in rejecting (or not) their null (equality of distributions) at ≤ 0.05.
Cost-Effectiveness of Behavior Activation Versus Supportive Therapy on Adherence to Eye Exams in Older African Americans With Diabetes
Authors: Winters David , Casten Robin , Rovner Barry , Murchison Ann , Leiby Benjamin E. , Haller Julia A. , Hark Lisa , Weiss David M. , Pizzi Laura T.
Published: November 2016

Although the importance of ophthalmologic screening in diabetic patients is widely recognized by clinicians, the cost-effectiveness of strategies aimed at improving eye care utilization in this population is not well established. A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed comparing behavior activation (BA) to supportive therapy (ST) in activating patients to receive a dilated fundus exam (DFE) and promoting healthy management of diabetes. Two hundred six subjects were randomized to receive either BA or ST between 2009 and 2013. Cost-effectiveness was calculated as incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of BA versus ST. Total costs for BA and ST per participant were $259.02 and $216.12, respectively. At the 6-month follow-up, 87.91% of BA subjects received a DFE compared to 34.48% of ST subjects. The ICER for BA versus ST was $80.29/percent increase in DFE rate. In terms of improving DFE rates, BA was found to be more cost-effective than ST.
Gamers and Video Game Culture
Authors: Cade Rochelle , Gates Jasper
Published: November 2016

Gamers are a growing population and video game culture remains unfamiliar to the majority of counselors. Little scholarship exits that would aid counselors in gaining awareness and knowledge about gamers and video game culture. Such information has implications for counselors to better meet the needs of gamers, their partners, and families seeking counseling. The authors discuss elements of gaming culture including a brief history, population characteristics, terminology, healthy and unhealthy gaming, and implications for counselors.
Using the Personality Assessment Inventory Antisocial and Borderline Features Scales to Predict Behavior Change: A Multisite Longitudinal Study of Youthful Offenders
Authors: Penson Brittany N. , Ruchensky Jared R. , Morey Leslie C. , Edens John F.
Published: November 2016

A substantial amount of research has examined the developmental trajectory of antisocial behavior and, in particular, the relationship between antisocial behavior and maladaptive personality traits. However, research typically has not controlled for previous behavior (e.g., past violence) when examining the utility of personality measures, such as self-report scales of antisocial and borderline traits, in predicting future behavior (e.g., subsequent violence). Examination of the potential interactive effects of measures of both antisocial and borderline traits also is relatively rare in longitudinal research predicting adverse outcomes. The current study utilizes a large sample of youthful offenders ( N = 1,354) from the Pathways to Desistance project to examine the separate effects of the Personality Assessment Inventory Antisocial Features (ANT) and Borderline Features (BOR) scales in predicting future offending behavior as well as trends in other negative outcomes (e.g., substance abuse, violence, employment difficulties) over a 1-year follow-up period. In addition, an ANT × BOR interaction term was created to explore the predictive effects of secondary psychopathy. ANT and BOR both explained unique variance in the prediction of various negative outcomes even after controlling for past indicators of those same behaviors during the preceding year.
How Violence Constitutes Order: Consent, Coercion, and Censure in Tanzania
Authors: Jakobsen Hilde
Published: November 2016

Survey data show that most Tanzanian women find wife-beating justifiable. What is the meaning of the violence that enjoys such broad social approval? Does respect for women’s agency invalidate feminist opposition to wife-beating? I explore these questions by analyzing data on hegemonic norms generated through 27 focus group discussions in Arumeru and Kigoma-Vijijini districts, and find that wife-beating was supported for its role in constituting social order. This analysis of how exactly violence can constitute order yielded insights into the interplay between violence and consent that are theoretically relevant to violence against women in other forms and contexts, reminding researchers and practitioners of the role of power and coercion in supposedly agreed-upon community norms.
Postpartum Domestic Violence in Homes With Young Children: The Role of Maternal and Paternal Drinking
Authors: Mumford Elizabeth A. , Liu Weiwei , Joseph Hannah
Published: November 2016

There has been limited investigation of mothers’ drinking patterns and their experience of domestic abuse while parenting young children, especially in the context of co-resident fathers’ drinking. Using data representative of the 2001 U.S. birth cohort, the authors conducted longitudinal latent class analyses of maternal drinking over four perinatal time points as predictors of maternal victimization at 2 years postpartum due to intimate partner violence. Women classified as higher risk drinkers over the study period faced significantly increased risk of physical abuse while parenting a 2-year-old child. Among non-drinking mothers, paternal binge drinking signaled additional risk, with clinical and programmatic implications.
Innovation, women’s work and the documentary impulse: pioneering moments and stalled opportunities in public service broadcasting in Australia and Britain
Authors: Madsen Virginia
Published: November 2016

This article explores the roles of some of the key women producers, broadcasters and writers who were able to work within the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) from their foundational periods to the 1950s. Despite the predominantly male culture of radio broadcasting from the 1920s to the 1970s, this article considers the significance and long-term impacts of some of these overlooked female pioneers at the forefront of developing a range of new reality and ‘talk’ forms and techniques. While the article draws on primary BBC research, it also aims to address these openings, cultures and roles as they existed historically for women in the ABC. How did the ABC compare in its foundational period? Significantly, this paper contrasts the two organisations in the light of their approaches to modernity, arguing that BBC features, the department it engendered, and the traditions it influenced, had far reaching impacts; one of these relating to those opportunities opened for women to develop entirely new forms of media communication: the unrehearsed interview and actuality documentary programmes.
Assessment of noise from equipment and processes at construction sites
Authors: Lee Heow Pueh , Wang Zhaomeng , Lim Kian Meng
Published: November 2016

Noise pollution from construction sites has become a major problem for major cities with the continued rapid development as well as redevelopment of cities. These construction sites, in particular for new subway systems, are often near to residential and commercial buildings. A better understanding and characterization of noise profiles will be required for project management and planning as well as environmental impact assessment. In this study, instead of using the typical type 1 sound level meters for the measurement of noise profiles emitted from construction equipment and processes commonly done in construction industry, we attempt to characterize the noise profiles of common construction equipment at their respective noise source using an Acoustic Array or Acoustic Camera. The study also highlighted the significant presence of low-frequency noise at construction sites for some construction equipment and processes. This may have some implications for the design of noise barriers at construction sites.
The use of historical courtyards for musical performances
Authors: Iannace Gino
Published: November 2016

This work reports the measurements of the acoustic characteristics carried out in three historic courtyards set up for musical performances. Even if the courtyards are not necessarily suitable locations for musical events, due to organizational reasons, with it being possible to control the audience, along with the suggestiveness of the places, they are chosen by the organizers and are highly popular and appreciated by both musicians and singers alike. The acoustical problems are due to the absence of the ceiling, which does not re-send the sound into the room, as well as the flat and parallel walls that generate unwanted multiple reflections. The acoustic study of the courtyards was carried out according to the standard ISO 3382 by placing a sound source on the stage where the musicians sit and the microphone receivers in the courtyard in the absence of the audience. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of the acoustic parameters in the presence of the audience was evaluated using architectural acoustics software.
Differential effects of aging on motor and cognitive functioning in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Roy Shumita , Frndak Seth , Drake Allison S , Irwin Lauren , Zivadinov Robert , Weinstock-Guttman Bianca , Benedict Ralph HB
Published: November 2016

Background:

Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients are impaired in motor and cognitive performance, but the extent to which these deficits are magnified by aging is unknown. In one prior study, differences in cognitive processing speed between MS patients and healthy individuals were of similar magnitude across the lifespan. Here, we have improved on this work by expanding assessment to multiple cognitive domains and motor functioning.

Objective:

To determine whether the degree of cognitive and motor dysfunction in MS is magnified with increasing age.

Methods:

In all, 698 MS patients (aged 29–71 years) and 226 healthy controls (HCs; aged 18–72 years) completed neuroperformance tests covering ambulation, upper extremity function, information processing speed, and memory.

Results:

Linear regression models predicting cognitive and motor function revealed main effects of MS/HC diagnosis, age, and education across all measures. There was also an interaction between age and diagnosis on measures of motor function, but not on cognitive outcomes.

Conclusion:

The progression of motor decline is amplified by aging in MS. However, the degree of cognitive impairment does not vary across the lifespan. Thus, evidence of accelerated cognitive impairment in older adults with MS may signal the presence of other age-related cognitive pathologies.
Quantifying risk of early relapse in patients with first demyelinating events: Prediction in clinical practice
Authors: Spelman Tim , Meyniel Claire , Rojas Juan Ignacio , Lugaresi Alessandra , Izquierdo Guillermo , Grand’Maison Francois , Boz Cavit , Alroughani Raed , Havrdova Eva , Horakova Dana , Iuliano Gerardo , Duquette Pierre , Terzi Murat , Grammond Pierre , Hupperts Raymond , Lechner-Scott Jeannette , Oreja-Guevara Celia , Pucci Eugenio , Verheul Freek , Fiol Marcela , Van Pesch Vincent , Cristiano Edgardo , Petersen Thor , Moore Fraser , Kalincik Tomas , Jokubaitis Vilija , Trojano Maria , Butzkueven Helmut ,   on behalf of the MSBasis (an MSBase Substudy) Investigators
Published: November 2016

Background:

Characteristics at clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) examination assist in identification of patient at highest risk of early second attack and could benefit the most from early disease-modifying drugs (DMDs).

Objective:

To examine determinants of second attack and validate a prognostic nomogram for individualised risk assessment of clinical conversion.

Methods:

Patients with CIS were prospectively followed up in the MSBase Incident Study. Predictors of clinical conversion were analysed using Cox proportional hazards regression. Prognostic nomograms were derived to calculate conversion probability and validated using concordance indices.

Results:

A total of 3296 patients from 50 clinics in 22 countries were followed up for a median (inter-quartile range (IQR)) of 1.92 years (0.90, 3.71). In all, 1953 (59.3%) patients recorded a second attack. Higher Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at baseline, first symptom location, oligoclonal bands and various brain and spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) metrics were all predictors of conversion. Conversely, older age and DMD exposure post-CIS were associated with reduced rates. Prognostic nomograms demonstrated high concordance between estimated and observed conversion probabilities.

Conclusion:

This multinational study shows that age at CIS onset, DMD exposure, EDSS, multiple brain and spinal MRI criteria and oligoclonal bands are associated with shorter time to relapse. Nomogram assessment may be useful in clinical practice for estimating future clinical conversion.
‘Choose, collect, manage, win!’: Neoliberalism, enterprising culture and risk society in video game covers
Authors: Oliva Mercè , Pérez-Latorre Óliver , Besalú Reinald
Published: November 2016

This article aims to identify the relationship between video games and neoliberal values. To fulfil this aim, it analyses the covers of the 20 top-selling video games in the United States each year from 2010 to 2014 (a total of 80 different games). Video game covers are a type of paratext, that is, texts that accompany another text to promote it and to guide its reading. Thus, video game covers choose and highlight some of the games’ features over others, and by doing that they construct a discourse. In this article, it is argued that regardless of genre, the covers analysed convey and promote neoliberal values, such as freedom and choice, entrepreneurship, consumption and accumulation of goods, customization, novelty, individualism and meritocracy. This promotion of neoliberal values is combined with an appeal to the concerns of ‘risk society’. Thus, the covers of the top-selling video games play on fears linked to the new context created by the economic crisis while at the same time legitimizing the neoliberal ideal of the ‘enterprising self’ as a model for dealing with it.
Adaptive multiple tuned mass dampers based on modal parameters for earthquake response reduction in multi-story buildings
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Sabbir , Hassan Md Kamrul , Chang Seongkyu , Kim Dookie
Published: November 2016

The primary objective of this research is to find the effectiveness of an adaptive multiple tuned mass damper distributed along with the story height to control the seismic response of the structure. The seismic performance of a 10-story building was investigated, which proved the efficiency of the adaptive multiple tuned mass damper. Structures with single tuned mass damper and multiple tuned mass dampers were also modeled considering the location of the dampers at the top of the structure, whereas adaptive multiple tuned mass damper of the structure was modeled based on the story height. Selection of the location of the adaptive multiple tuned mass damper along with the story height was dominated by the modal parameters. Participation of modal mass directly controlled the number of the modes to be considered. To set the stage, a comparative study on the displacements and modal energies of the structures under the El-Centro, California, and North-Ridge earthquakes was conducted with and without various types of tuned mass dampers. The result shows a significant capability of the proposed adaptive multiple tuned mass damper as an alternative tool to reduce the earthquake responses of multi-story buildings.
Psychosocial work environment in school and students’ somatic health complaints: An analysis of buffering resources
Authors: Sonmark Kristina , Modin Bitte
Published: November 2016

Aim: This study explores the association between the psychosocial work environment in school and students’ somatic health complaints. With its point of departure from the Demand–Control–Support (DCS) model, the aim was to examine how aspects of decision control and social support can moderate stress-related health implications of high psychological demands. Methods: Data come from two cross-sectional waves of the Swedish version of Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC 2005/2006 and 2009/2010), which consists of a total of 9427 11-, 13- and 15-year-old students. A two-level random intercept model was applied, with school class as the level 2 unit. Results: Findings showed significant associations between school demands and somatic health complaints for all studied age groups, with a slight increase in strength with age. Decision control as well as social support from teachers, parents and peers consistently predicted a favorable association with health. An age pattern emerged in the analyses of stress-moderating resources. For 11 year olds parental support was the only resource that displayed a significant interaction with demands in relation to somatic health complaints, whereas for 13 year olds, decision control and support from teachers and parents all demonstrated moderating effects on student health. For 15 year olds, however, it was peer support that acted as a buffering resource in the studied relationship. Conclusions: The psychosocial work environment is an important predictor of students’ health complaints. Overall, social support was a better stress-moderating resource than decision control, but some “buffers” were more important at certain ages than others.
Friendship trust and psychological well-being from late adolescence to early adulthood: A structural equation modelling approach
Authors: Miething Alexander , Almquist Ylva B. , Edling Christofer , Rydgren Jens , Rostila Mikael
Published: November 2016

Aims: This study explored the sex-specific associations between friendship trust and the psychological well-being of young Swedes from late adolescence to early adulthood. Methods: A random sample of native Swedes born in 1990 was surveyed at age 19 years and again at age 23 years regarding their own well-being and their relationships with a maximum of five self-named peers. The response rate was 31.3%, resulting in 782 cases to be analysed. We used sex-stratified structural equation models to explore the associations between trust and well-being. Psychological well-being was constructed as the latent variable in the measurement part. The structural part accounted for the autocorrelation of trust with respect to well-being over time and incorporated the cross-lagged effects between late adolescence and early adulthood. Results: It was found that trust increased while well-being decreased for young men and remained stable for young women from 19 to 23 years of age. The young women reported lower well-being at both time points, whereas no sex difference was found for trust. Based on model fit comparisons, a simple model without forward or reward causation was accepted for young men, whereas reversed causation from well-being to trust was suggested for young women. Subsequent analysis based on these assumptions confirmed the reversed effect for young women. Conclusions: The findings suggest that young people do not benefit from trustful social relations to the same extent as adult populations. Young women who express impaired well-being run a greater risk of being members of networks characterized by low friendship trust over time.
The development of a threshold curve for the understanding of concussion in sport
Authors: Hoshizaki T Blaine , Post Andrew , Kendall Marshall , Cournoyer Janie , Rousseau Philippe , Gilchrist Michael D , Brien Susan , Cusimano Michael , Marshall Shawn
Published: November 2016

Much of what is known concerning human brain injury thresholds is based upon impacts to cadavers and animal models that were used to generate the Wayne State Concussion Tolerance Curve (WSTC) and similar curves. These curves are the foundation for predictive metrics used in standard development as well as helmet design. These curves were based upon a very narrow range of impacts; impacts whose characteristics differ greatly from how the head is impacted in sport. This research examines the uses of time-based curves like the WSTC in the context of understanding mechanisms of brain injury and head protection. Published linear/rotational acceleration magnitude/duration data from Hybrid III laboratory reconstructions of brain injury events were plotted. This research further develops the understanding of injury thresholds in comparison to threshold curves such as the WSTC and Brain Injury Curve Leuven. The data demonstrate the relationships between magnitude and duration of dynamic response on minor traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in sport.
Disabling forensic mental health detention: The carcerality of the disabled body
Authors: Steele Linda
Published: November 2016

“Disabling” forensic detention involves challenging the self-evidence of the meaning of disability in forensic mental health law, and in turn illuminating the significance of this meaning to the possibility and permissibility of forensic detention and other interventions in the bodies of people designated with cognitive impairments and psychosocial disabilities (“people designated as disabled”). I apply this approach to an examination of a case study of one individual subjected to forensic detention: an Indigenous Australian woman with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, Roseanne Fulton. By examining Fulton’s forensic detention, in the context of her earlier life circumstances and her subsequent journey through various “alternatives” to this forensic detention I show the interrelationships of forensic detention with a range of legal options for punishing, regulating and intervening in designated as disabled bodies and situate these interrelationships in a broader range of issues of violence, institutional failure, social disadvantage, settler colonialism, and ableism. My central argument is that the ongoing subjection of Fulton to a range of forms of control across her life suggest that the possibility of forensic detention and other forms of punishment of people designated as disabled is not attached to a particular material architectural space or a particular court order, but instead attaches to these individuals’ bodies via medico-legal designations as disabled and travels with these individuals through time and space. I propose that more directly it is the disabled body that is the space of punishment and the disabled body makes material architectural spaces punitive. A “reform”, indeed even an “abolition”, approach focused on material architectural spaces of disabled punishment will not interrupt the ongoing processes of control of criminalized people designated as disabled if it does not also acknowledge and challenge the temporal and carnal logics underpinning the carcerality of the disabled body itself.
Cross-national cultural values and nascent entrepreneurship
Authors: Alon Ilan , Lerner Miri , Shoham Amir
Published: November 2016

This article, differentiating between factual and normative values, investigates the links between national culture and entrepreneurial activity in 24 countries based on 154 observations. We test hypotheses on the relationship between national culture—measured by Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE)—and nascent entrepreneurship as represented by Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). Both the GEM and the GLOBE databases are robust in terms of forming empirical connections between factual and normative culture and entrepreneurship at the country level. Using these two separate databases to examine our hypotheses enables us to avoid the methodological biases that frequently appear in studies where the same respondents provide data for both the independent and the dependent variables. The study demonstrates that the introduction of two different aspects of culture—normative and factual culture—may help resolve the inconsistencies in the literature regarding the links between culture and entrepreneurial activity. This study rekindles an old debate on the role of culture in the social sciences and the need to examine both factual and normative elements. We find that the connection between the normative values of culture and nascent entrepreneurial activity is stronger than the connection between the factual practices of culture and nascent entrepreneurial activity.
Glycaemic control by monoamine oxidase inhibition in a patient with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Emory Hamlin , Mizrahi Neptune
Published: November 2016

We present clinical, electroencephalographic and low-resolution electromagnetic tomography data that support combined treatment with insulin and a monoamine oxidase inhibitor in a patient with type 1 diabetes. We suggest that brain imaging data can identify a subgroup of patients who are likely to benefit from an insulin regimen and monoamine oxidase inhibition to improve glycaemic control, cardiovascular function, normalize the circadian rhythm and restore perception of glycaemic awareness.
Telepractice in Speech–Language Therapy: The Use of Online Technologies for Parent Training and Coaching
Authors: Snodgrass Melinda R. , Chung Moon Y. , Biller Maysoon F. , Appel Katie E. , Meadan Hedda , Halle James W.
Published: November 2016

Researchers and practitioners have found that telepractice is an effective means of increasing access to high-quality services that meet children’s unique needs and is a viable mechanism to deliver speech–language services for multiple purposes. We offer a framework to facilitate the implementation of practices that are used in direct speech–language therapy into parent training and coaching. We overlay the use of telepractice onto parent training and coaching to provide a framework that guides the conversion of practices used in direct service to parent training and coaching programs that can be used via telepractice. We include recommendations for addressing common challenges to providing parent training and coaching via telepractice with an example of the framework’s application in Early Intervention. Using this framework, speech–language pathologists can combine telepractice with direct services by teaching and coaching parents in the use of strategies to improve their children’s communication skills.