bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient Application of Automation Technology in Thickener Process
Authors: Xie Dan Dan , Tong Xiong , Xie Xian , Hou Kai , Li Ji Yong
Published: March 2015

The text mainly introduced the thickener’s front technology and also talked about the process of using flocculent addition and the emissions of underflow density presenting a more optimal automatic control scheme on the basis of the original automatic project. Using automatic control components like PLC programmable logic controller and the control elements of the inverter make the thickener in a whole closed-loop system for the flocculant addition and the density of the ore and the process of discharge. It will bring a positive side for our economic, social and ecological environment.
Comparison of Affecting Factors on the Shear Stress Output of Cylinder-Typed MRF Clutch
Authors: Ji Hai Feng , Gao Chun Fu , He Xin Sheng , Zhang Guang
Published: March 2015

With the purpose of studying the main influence on the cylinder-typed magneto-rheological fluid (MRF) clutch, the relationship between the output of shear stress and its affecting factors is presented in this paper; through theoretical derivation from the Bingham Model and the cylinder-typed shear model, the stress born by the MRF in the clutch is analysed, and the affecting factors on the clutch is also simulated and verified through experiments. The study shows that as the magnetic field strengthens, the shear stress of the cylinder-typed MRF clutch grows linearly, with proportionality constant at 0.162; the increase of shear rate, relevant to the magnetic field strength, makes little difference to the torque output, with proportionality constant at 0.00026B. The results indicate that mechanical-electrical integration of clutch devices can be achieved through the control of magnetic field output of the electromagnet.
Strength Analysis and Construction Optimization of Cab of Smart Sprayer
Authors: He Yu Jing , Shen Jiang Feng , Yu Yong Chang
Published: March 2015

Using SolidWorks software to build 3D model of the smart sprayer cab, based on ANSYS Workbench collaborative simulation platform, and referring to the regulation inspection items in the static testing method and accepting technical condition of the protective structures on agricultural and forestry tractors. The deformation map was obtained finite element analysis the cab. The cab was optimized using the optimal designing idea. The maximum stress and displacement of the optimized cab under the same loading are obviously decreased, providing the basis for construction optimization.
Computer Simulation on the Dynamic Buckling of Initial-Defect Plates under Axial Step Load
Authors: Zong Yu Peng , Han Zhi Jun , Lu Guo Yun
Published: March 2015

Computer simulation on the dynamic buckling of different forms of initial-defect and different boundary conditions plates under axial impact load was carried out by using ABAQUS /Standard.The strain-time history curve of the symmetric point of upper and lower surface is give,they are coincidence before the buckling and suddenly separate when the buckling occur which is called be bifurcation,and the critical buckling time is also acquired. The results indicate that the influence of different initial-defect locations and amplitudes on the dynamic buckling is very great.
Dynamic Response of the Pipe Conveying Fluid with the Pressure Pulsation
Authors: Zhai Hong Bo , Su Jian Jun , Yan Xiao Min , Liu Wei
Published: March 2015

The dynamic response characteristic of the pipe conveying fluid was researched with the fluid pressure pulsation in this article. For some hydraulic power pipe system, formed the mathematic models and the transfer matrices of the main hydraulic elements based on the fluid network algorithm, deduced the calculation formulae of input-output pressure pulsation, gained the transitive relationship of the fluid flow pulsation and pressure pulsation, and then studied the pressure pulsation amplitude of the hydraulic power pipes with different working pressures. This study, which analyzed the dynamic response of the pipe conveying fluid and discussed the feasibility of increasing the working pressure, is valuable for the design and the application of the pipes conveying fluid.
Synthesis of Carbohydrate-Conjugated Flavone Derivatives
Authors: Yang Ru Chun , Hu Tao , Wang Xiao Jun , Xiao Qiang
Published: March 2015

A series of flavone derivatives conjugated with carbohydrate were synthesized from 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one. The key step is its cross coupling with the carbohydrate under Sonogashira reaction.
Treatment of primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma with superficial X-rays
Authors: Jepsen Malene E. , Gniadecki Robert
Published: March 2015

The optimal radiation schedule for primary cutaneous anaplastic lymphoma (PCALCL) has not been investigated. We report here satisfactory outcomes of low-dose (16-20 Gy, 3-5 fractions), superficial X-ray radiation (40-50 kV) in a series of 10 patients with PCALCL. Only 1 patient developed a local relapse during the median observation time of 25 months; complete remission was recorded in the other patients. This observation indicates that superficial, low dose X-ray therapy may provide a cost-effective alternative to the traditional 35-45 Gy schedules.
Science’s First Mistake
Authors: Angell Ian O. , Demetis Dionysios S.
Published: March 2015

The purpose of the book is to deconstruct the process of knowledge discovery and theory construction on the basis of the four concepts mentioned below, and thereby to discuss the circumstances under which all scientific premises come to be constructed.

The implications for theory and method are discussed against four primary and intrinsically interrelated concepts that should be of immediate interest to all scientific disciplines: namely observation, paradox, delusion, and most importantly self-reference. The book then reflects on various modes of theory-construction and -utilization. Grounded in the tradition of second-order cybernetics, the concept of self-reference is used in the context of systems theory in order to examine the mode in which observation, paradox and delusion become 'structurally coupled' with cognition. This has wide-ranging implications for not only the discovery of knowledge in itself, but also various expressions of knowledge, be they framed by reductionism or causality, and even those grandiosely claiming to approach a form of Grand Unification (as in Physics). It eventually concludes that so-called 'rigour' is merely reinforced self-reference, imposed by the power that comes with the utility delivered by the self-reference.

Rooted in information systems analysis this fresh and audacious examination of knowledge discover and theory construction makes an important contribution to the understanding of how we employ scientific method.
A State of Play
Authors: Fielding Steven
Published: March 2015

A State of Play explores how the British have imagined their politics, from the parliament worship of Anthony Trollope to the cynicism of The Thick of It. In an account that mixes historical with political analysis, Steven Fielding argues that fictional depictions of politics have played an important but insidious part in shaping how the British think about their democracy and have helped ventilate their many frustrations with Westminster. He shows that dramas and fictions have also performed a significant role in the battle of ideas, in a way undreamt of by those who draft party manifestos.

The book examines the work of overtly political writers have treated the subject, discussing the novels of H.G. Wells, the comedy series Yes, Minister and the plays of David Hare. However, it also assesses how less obvious sources, such as the films of George Formby, the novels of Agatha Christie, the Just William stories and situation comedies like Steptoe and Son, have reflected on representative democracy.

A State of Play is an invaluable, distinctive and engaging guide to a new way of thinking about Britain's political past and present.
Source of the 6 February 2013 Mw 8.0 Santa Cruz Islands Tsunami
Authors: Romano F. , Molinari I. , Lorito S. , Piatanesi A.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. On 6 February 2013 an Mw 8.0 subduction earthquake occurred close to Santa Cruz Islands at the transition between the Solomon and the New Hebrides Trench. The ensuing tsunami caused significant inundation on the closest Nendo Island. The seismic source was studied with teleseismic broadband P waves inversion optimized with tsunami forward modeling at DART buoys (Lay et al., 2013), and with inversion of teleseismic body and surface waves (Hayes et al., 2014). The two studies also use different hypocenters and different planar fault models, and found quite different slip models. In particular, Hayes et al. (2014) argued for an aseismic slip patch SE from the hypocenter. We here develop a 3-D model of the fault surface from seismicity analysis and retrieve the tsunami source by inverting DART and tide-gauge data. Our tsunami source model features a main slip patch (peak value of ~11 m) SE of the hypocentre, and reaching to the trench. The rake direction is consistent with the progressively more oblique plate convergence towards the Solomon trench. The tsunami source partially overlaps the hypothesized aseismic slip area, which then might have slipped coseismically.
Composição da fauna de Anopheles  (Diptera, Culicidae) da Reserva Indígena do Ocoy, foco ativo de malária no município de São Miguel do Iguaçu, Paraná (Brasil)
Authors: Araujo Roderley de , Silva Allan Martins da , Souza Filho Enéas Cordeiro de , Luz Ennio
Published: March 2015

Composição da fauna de Anopheles  (Diptera, Culicidae) da Reserva Indígena do Ocoy, foco ativo de malária no município de São Miguel do Iguaçu, Paraná (Brasil) 
The influence of invasive Fallopia taxa on resident plant species in two river valleys (southern Poland)
Authors: Chmura Damian , Tokarska-Guzik Barbara , Nowak Teresa , Woźniak Gabriela , Bzdęga Katarzyna , Koszela Katarzyna , Gancarek Małgorzata
Published: March 2015

Riparian zones in two rivers in southern Poland were studied in terms of species composition and soil parameters in patches dominated by three knotweed taxa (Fallopia japonica, F. sachalinensis and the hybrid F. ×bohemica). The main purpose was to detect any differences in species diversity, environmental conditions and in the impact of the three Fallopia spp. on resident species. Fieldwork was conducted in spring and summer in 30 invaded plots (in total 90 subplots). It was demonstrated that vegetation dominated by particular knotweed taxa differed in response to soil pH and ammonium, nitrate, and magnesium content. Fallopia spp. (living plants and necromass) had a stronger negative impact on the cover and species diversity of the resident species in summer in comparison with spring. Vegetation patches differed significantly in species composition in relation to the knotweed taxa present. These differences may be the consequence of the differentiated biotopic requirements of Fallopia taxa and the coexisting plants, or to the different impact of the knotweed taxa on the resident species.
The Local History of an Imperial Category: Language and Religion in Russia's Eastern Borderlands, 1860s-1930s
Authors: Graber Kathryn E. , Murray Jesse D.
Published: March 2015

The late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries witnessed the construction and naturalization of many unitary ethnolinguistic categories that would serve diverse ends within the Russian and Soviet states. This article combines disciplinary perspectives from linguistic anthropology and history to excavate the local history of one such category–the Buriat language. We trace the category's origin in the grammars, translations, and correspondence of its first Russian proponents, Russian Orthodox missionary linguists working in the area around Lake Baikal, and its subsequent uptake by Buriat nationalists and Soviet linguists. We show that the missionaries and their religious motivations played a significant role in the construction of ethnolinguistic categories and that these ethnolinguistic categories were not, as is often thought, predominantly imposed by the center onto distant peripheries. Attending to Orthodox missionaries’ linguistic work in the Baikal region reveals the more complex local workings of colonial power.
The Fire Burns On? The “Fiery Revolutionaries” Biographical Series and the Rethinking of Propaganda in the Brezhnev Era
Authors: Jones Polly
Published: March 2015

In this article, I analyze the production of late Soviet propaganda, highlighting the shifts toward greater literary sophistication and the reinvention of revolutionary biography, instituted in order to re-enthuse the population about revolutionary ideals. In the Khrushchev and early Brezhnev eras, the State Political Publishing House (Politizdat) grappled with a profound crisis of political persuasion and came to realize that collaboration and compromise with literary writers constituted the only solution. The key outcome of this debate over mass political literature was the innovative and unpredictable “;Fiery Revolutionaries” series of biographies, published from 1968 to the end of the Soviet Union. Arguing against the view of the Brezhnev era as a time of political language's standardization, and complicating the binary opposition between Soviet and dissident writers, I argue that it was the sophisticated and nuanced debates and editorial practices within this “;niche” in the post- Stalinist propaganda state that ultimately enabled many of the period’s most talented (and sometimes notorious) writers to contribute sophisticated biographies to the series later in its history.
“We Have No Need to Lock Ourselves Away“: Space, Marginality, and the Negotiation of Deaf Identity in Late Soviet Moscow
Authors: Shaw Claire
Published: March 2015

In the late 1950s, the Moscow branch of the All-Russian Society of the Deaf embarked on an ambitious program to build a network of social and residential buildings for deaf people in the city. In this article, I examine the resulting emergence of a defined “deaf space” within the Moscow cityscape, exploring the ways in which this space shaped, and was shaped by, the Soviet deaf community. While such institutional buildings were intended as the ultimate expression of deaf agency, drawing on revolutionary understandings of disability to define the deaf as active Soviet citizens, they also served to frame the deaf as visibly “other,” inviting contradictory and often problematic readings of the deaf community's place within the Soviet body politic. By examining deaf people's engagement with the developing politics of Soviet urban space, I thus explore issues of disability, Sovietness, and the complex intersection of marginality and emancipation in the late Soviet era.
The Social Scientist Meets the “Believer”: Discussions of God, the Afterlife, and Communism in the Mid-1960s
Authors: Dobson Miriam
Published: March 2015

In this article, I use the transcripts of interviews carried out under the auspices of the Institute of Scientific Atheism in the mid-sixties. Informants were asked about diverse aspects of their religious practice and belief, allowing scholars—both then and now—to consider the nature of Soviet “secularization.” Following Charles Taylor, I suggest that this was not simply “a story of loss, of subtraction”; instead, informants’ rather heterodox conceptions of the afterlife indicate moments of individual creativity. In particular, I find that among the poor and marginalized, visions of the afterlife sometimes articulated a desire for social equality considered missing from Soviet society. I also probe the Soviet state’s problematic dependency on atheism. The regime’s legitimacy rested on its claim to ensure progress and modernity, and religion— the epitome of backwardness—was a useful antithesis. The interview was a ritual that enacted the superiority of Soviet values (reason, rationality, and enlightenment). And yet the encounter between atheist-interviewer and “believer” could often prove unpredictable, suggesting that the religion-atheism binary was in practice rather more brittle than the authorities might have hoped.
Apricot Socialism: The National Past, the Soviet Project, and the Imagining of Community in Late Soviet Armenia
Authors: Lehmann Maike
Published: March 2015

In April 1965, an illegal demonstration brought an estimated twenty thousand people to the streets of Yerevan to call for the official recognition of the Armenian genocide of 1915 and the return of “Armenian lands.” While this event is traditionally seen as “dissident” and “anti-Soviet,” in this article I draw attention to the demonstration's particularly Soviet character, as it followed rules and practices central to Soviet rituals and the official revolutionary narrative. Party officials and petitioners expressed similar views on past national suffering and its implications for the Soviet community and the communist future, all of which were in turn to be affirmed by the construction of the first genocide memorial ever built on Soviet soil. These local reinterpretations of the Soviet project do not just point to developments that help explain the Soviet system's longevity. They are also a reminder that the constant reimagining of communities not only pertains to the “nation” but also concerns and often intermingles with the reimagination of other communities, such as the Soviet one.
Photoluminescence Quenching and Structure of Nanocomposite Based on Graphene Oxide Layers Decorated with Nanostructured Porphyrin
Authors: Bajjou Omar , Mongwaketsi Precious Nametso , Khenfouch Mohammed , Bakour Anass , Baïtoul Mimouna , Maaza Malik , Venturini Jany Wery
Published: March 2015

Nanocomposites based on few-layers graphene oxide (FGO) decorated with porphyrin nanorods (PN) were synthesized and the interfacial interaction between these two components was investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photoluminescence spectroscopy, resonant Raman scattering and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) techniques. SEM showed good exfoliation of FGO and its successful interaction with the PN. The photoluminescence results showed an important interaction between FGO and PN resulting in a quenching of the photoluminescence of the PN-FGO composite. Resonant Raman with PN aggregates and FT-IR results revealed a π-π intermolecular interaction confirming the energy/charge transfer. Moreover, the investigation of X-ray diffraction confirmed the intercalation of PN in FGO and their disaggregation. The findings presented here are an important contribution to achieving the functionalization of graphene derivative surfaces with PN for various optoelectronic applications and particularly photovoltaic cells.
PUBLISHER’S DESCRIPTIONS OF LINGUISTIC BOOKS: COMPARISON OF CZECH AND ENGLISH DISCOURSE STRATEGIES
Authors: Klégr Aleš
Published: March 2015

The paper investigates a specific type of genre, descriptions of linguistic books in Internet catalogues of three Czech and three Anglophone publishers. It strives to capture their structural organization and some other characteristics that could bring into relief differences between the Czech and the English discourse strategies of their composition. Using a two-level analytical framework to identify the structural parts of the descriptions and the meaning components that realize them, the study finds certain tendencies that to some extent distinguish between them. Still, the English descriptions and even less so the Czech ones are far from homogeneous and striking dissimilarities can be found both between and within the Anglophone and the Czech publishers.
SPEECH REPAIR CLUES USED FOR DETECTING SPEECH REPAIRS IN MICASE
Authors: Fraňová Linda
Published: March 2015

This paper analyses speech repair clues in spontaneous speech in the MICASE corpus. An algorithm for detecting speech repairs without using prosodic information or a syntactic parser is proposed. Implementation of this algorithm into spontaneous speech is presented. Two types of speech repairs were analysed: modification and abridged repairs. The analysis shows the frequency of use of the individual speech repair clues such as editing term, word fragment and word correspondence. Modification speech repairs are shown to be the most common speech repair used in the analysed transcripts. Out of three presented speech repair clues the word correspondence is the most prevailing one used by speakers. A test for statistical significance is used to show the significance level in using speech repair clues by male and female speakers.
Le marketing des lieux de transit : le cas de l’aéroport
Authors: Welté Jean-Baptiste , Ochs Lionel
Published: March 2015

Cette recherche s’intéresse au lien qui se tisse entre un consommateur et un lieu de transit. À partir d’une démarche ethnomarketing dans l’aéroport Roissy Charles de Gaulle, elle étudie les espaces de transit comme lieux de passage, de contrôle mais également de consommation. Elle propose un modèle original pour appréhender les parcours de consommation dans ces lieux autour d’une offre de transition, d’expédition et d’installation.
Gestion de la Relation Client et performance des PME
Authors: Ambroise Laure , Prim-Allaz Isabelle
Published: March 2015

Cette étude vise à décrire la façon dont les PME déclinent leur orientation stratégique en une démarche de Gestion de la Relation Client (GRC) et à évaluer l’impact de sa mise en œuvre sur leur performance. Une enquête de grande envergure menée auprès de 439 dirigeants de PME étaye la portée des résultats. Des analyses en composantes principales mixtes et des classifications hiérarchiques ascendantes ont permis de caractériser cinq groupes de PME homogènes selon leur stratégie de GRC. Les conclusions de l’étude confirment que la perspective temporelle du dirigeant et son orientation de marché ont un impact important sur le type de stratégie relationnelle conduite et sur les outils de suivi et de gestion de la relation mis en œuvre. De façon générale, il s’avère que les retombées sur la performance financière ne se constatent qu’à moyen terme ; pour autant, les résultats montrent des effets contrastés selon les groupes de PME.
L’utilité d’une garantie de service : le point de vue du personnel en contact
Authors: Auriacombe Brigitte
Published: March 2015

Cet article étudie un phénomène interactif mal connu : l’invocation de la garantie de service inconditionnelle. Une étude qualitative permet d’étudier le phénomène à travers trois questions : pour quels incidents la garantie est-elle invoquée ? Comment se déroule le processus d’invocation ? À quelle compensation l’invocation aboutit-elle ? L’étude révèle également comment le personnel en contact, en interaction avec le client, interprète les incidents et décide ou pas d’invoquer la garantie. La portée de l’étude dépasse les seules garanties de service et concerne aussi le traitement des réclamations. Enfin, l’article présente trois recommandations managériales pour faciliter l’usage de la garantie de service par le personnel en contact.
Innover dans le secteur traditionnel : l’importance de l’authenticité et de la typicalité perçues
Authors: Pantin-Sohier Gaëlle , Lancelot Miltgen Caroline , Camus Sandra
Published: March 2015

L’article traite des perceptions des consommateurs à l’égard des produits traditionnels porteurs d’innovation. En s’attachant au secteur agro-alimentaire, il analyse la manière dont l’innovation (par l’arôme ou le packaging, incrémentale ou radicale) sur des produits traditionnels influence deux variables clés de la prise de décision des consommateurs : l’authenticité et la typicalité perçues. A partir d’une synthèse de la littérature et d’une expérimentation par plan factoriel complet menée auprès de 383 individus, il confirme le caractère holistique du jugement de typicalité et la plus forte typicalité de la combinaison « arôme incrémental/packaging incrémental ». Il montre également que l’innovation « packaging » influence positivement la dimension « origine » de l’authenticité lorsqu’elle est incrémentale alors que l’innovation « arôme » influence positivement la dimension « singularité » de l’authenticité lorsqu’elle est radicale. Enfin, l’analyse permet d’identifier une relation positive entre la typicalité, les dimensions « projection » et « singularité » de l’authenticité et l’attitude envers le produit.
La città e le vedove: forme di assistenza pubblica (e privata)
Authors: Tuci Paolo A.
Published: March 2015

This paper, focusing on classical Athens, studies the forms of assistance granted to the widows by the

, or by the

delegated to the

. The epitaphs preserved in Thucydides, Lysias and Plato’s

bear witness of the Athenians’ respectful and sensitive attitude towards widows, which however did not imply any form of direct support, unlike the orphan case (§ 1.). Legal assistance was indeed provided by the eponymous archon, but only to pregnant widows, who could bear legitimate male descent; other forms of public assistance are not attested (§ 2.). Otherwise, the guardianship was delegated by the

to the

through the

; besides, remarriage was not infrequent, particularly for young widows in childbearing age (§ 3.). In this light, the city’s attitude towards widows was respectful and even sensitive, but appears far from uninterested: in fact the

, rather than the

, actually guaranteed subsistence to widows, even to war ones, while the

chiefly cared for legal assistance for those who could generate legitimate citizens (§ 4.).
The Effectiveness of a Brief Mind-Body Intervention for Treating Depression in Community Health Center Patients
Authors: Miller Kathleen M. , Chad-Friedman Emma , Haime Vivian , Mehta Darshan H. , Lepoutre Veronique , Gilburd Dinah , Peltier-Saxe Donna , Lilley Cally , Benson Herbert , Fricchione Gregory L. , Denninger John W. , Yeung Albert
Published: March 2015

Objective:

The objective of this pilot study was to examine the effects of a brief, 6-week, 1.5-hour mind-body intervention for depression (MBID) in patients being treated for depression in 2 community health centers.

Design:

The MBID taught techniques such as meditation that elicit the relaxation response (RR) in combination with additional resiliency-enhancing components. Clinical outcomes of 24 depressed patients were measured pre-MBID, at completion of MBID, and 3 months post-MBID, using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D 10), Quality of Life Scale (QoL5), SF-12 Health Survey (SF-12), and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II (HPLP-II).

Results:

Significant post-treatment improvements were shown in depressive symptoms, spiritual growth, mental health, and quality of life, with a median CES-D 10 change from 17.5 (interquartile ratio [IQR] 13.3–22) to 12 (IQR 10–17.5; P<.001); a median HPLP-II Spiritual Growth subscale change from 2.0 (IQR 1.8–2.3) to 2.3 (IQR 2.0–3.0; P=.002) and a median HPLP-II Stress Management sub-scale change from 2.0 (IQR 1.8–2.4) to 2.4 (IQR 2.0–2.9; P=.027); significant improvement in median score on the QoL-5 from 53.3 (IQR 47.5–62.5) at baseline to 63.3 at endpoint (IQR 50–70; P=.008). Three-month follow-up data suggest that the improvement in outcomes were sustained 3 months after the intervention.

Conclusions:

Participation in a 6-week RR-based MBID is associated with an improvement in depression, spiritual growth, and mental health among depressed community health center patients.
Within-team Patterns of Communication and Referral in Multimodal Treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain Patients by an Integrative Care Team
Authors: O'connor Bonnie B. , Eisenberg David M. , Buring Julie E. , Liang Catherine L. , Osypiuk Kamila , Levy Donald B. , Wayne Peter M.
Published: March 2015

Background:

Nonspecific chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a highly prevalent and costly public health problem with few treatment options that provide consistent and greater than modest benefits. Treatment of CLBP is shifting from unimodal to multimodal and multidisciplinary approaches, including biopsychoso-cially-based complementary and integrative care. Multidisciplinary approaches require unique levels of communication and coordination amongst clinicians; however, to date few studies have evaluated patterns of communication and decision making amongst clinicians collaborating in the care of challenging patients with CLBP.

Methods:

As part of an observational study evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an integrative, team-based care model for the treatment of CLBP, we used multiple qualitative research methods to characterize within-team cross-referral and communication amongst jointly-trained practitioners representing diverse biomedical and complementary disciplines. Patterns of communication and coordinated care are summarized for 3 cases of CLBP treated by multiple members (≥3) of an integrative medical team embedded within an academic hospital.

Results:

Patients were aged from 36 to 88 years with varied comorbidities. Qualitative content analysis revealed 5 emergent themes regarding integrative patient care and treatment decision in this clinic: (1) the fundamental importance of the clinic's formal teamwork training; (2) the critical communicative and collaborative function of regular team meetings; (3) the importance to patient care goals of having the varied disciplines practicing “under one roof”; (4) a universal commitment to understanding and treating patients as whole persons; and (5) a shared philosophy of helping patients to help themselves. These key themes are all interconnected and form the foundation of the clinic's culture.

Conclusions:

Our qualitative findings provide context for current trends in enhancing patient-centered, coordinated, and team-based care; efforts towards better understanding interprofessional communication; overcoming barriers to successful collaboration; and identifying best practices for fostering clinical teamwork and a strong team identity. Our findings also support the need for further qualitative research, in combination with quantitative research, for evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of resource-intensive integrative models for the treatment of chronic conditions.
Conservation of transcription factor binding specificities across 600 million years of bilateria evolution
Authors: Nitta Kazuhiro R , Jolma Arttu , Yin Yimeng , Morgunova Ekaterina , Kivioja Teemu , Akhtar Junaid , Hens Korneel , Toivonen Jarkko , Deplancke Bart , Furlong Eileen E M , Taipale Jussi
Published: March 2015

Divergent morphology of species has largely been ascribed to genetic differences in the tissue-specific expression of proteins, which could be achieved by divergence in cis-regulatory elements or by altering the binding specificity of transcription factors (TFs). The relative importance of the latter has been difficult to assess, as previous systematic analyses of TF binding specificity have been performed using different methods in different species. To address this, we determined the binding specificities of 242 Drosophila TFs, and compared them to human and mouse data. This analysis revealed that TF binding specificities are highly conserved between Drosophila and mammals, and that for orthologous TFs, the similarity extends even to the level of very subtle dinucleotide binding preferences. The few human TFs with divergent specificities function in cell types not found in fruit flies, suggesting that evolution of TF specificities contributes to emergence of novel types of differentiated cells.
G-actin provides substrate-specificity to eukaryotic initiation factor 2α holophosphatases
Authors: Chen Ruming , Rato Cláudia , Yan Yahui , Crespillo-Casado Ana , Clarke Hanna J , Harding Heather P , Marciniak Stefan J , Read Randy J , Ron David
Published: March 2015

Dephosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2a (eIF2a) restores protein synthesis at the waning of stress responses and requires a PP1 catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit, PPP1R15A/GADD34 or PPP1R15B/CReP. Surprisingly, PPP1R15-PP1 binary complexes reconstituted in vitro lacked substrate selectivity. However, selectivity was restored by crude cell lysate or purified G-actin, which joined PPP1R15-PP1 to form a stable ternary complex. In crystal structures of the non-selective PPP1R15B-PP1G complex, the functional core of PPP1R15 made multiple surface contacts with PP1G, but at a distance from the active site, whereas in the substrate-selective ternary complex, actin contributes to one face of a platform encompassing the active site. Computational docking of the N-terminal lobe of eIF2a at this platform placed phosphorylated serine 51 near the active site. Mutagenesis of predicted surface-contacting residues enfeebled dephosphorylation, suggesting that avidity for the substrate plays an important role in imparting specificity on the PPP1R15B-PP1G-actin ternary complex.
Actin dynamics tune the integrated stress response by regulating eukaryotic initiation factor 2α dephosphorylation
Authors: Chambers Joseph E , Dalton Lucy E , Clarke Hanna J , Malzer Elke , Dominicus Caia S , Patel Vruti , Moorhead Greg , Ron David , Marciniak Stefan J
Published: March 2015

Four stress-sensing kinases phosphorylate the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) to activate the integrated stress response (ISR). In animals, the ISR is antagonised by selective eIF2α phosphatases comprising a catalytic protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) subunit in complex with a PPP1R15-type regulatory subunit. An unbiased search for additional conserved components of the PPP1R15-PP1 phosphatase identified monomeric G-actin. Like PP1, G-actin associated with the functional core of PPP1R15 family members and G-actin depletion, by the marine toxin jasplakinolide, destabilised the endogenous PPP1R15A-PP1 complex. The abundance of the ternary PPP1R15-PP1-G-actin complex was responsive to global changes in the polymeric status of actin, as was its eIF2α-directed phosphatase activity, while localised G-actin depletion at sites enriched for PPP1R15 enhanced eIF2α phosphorylation and the downstream ISR. G-actin's role as a stabilizer of the PPP1R15-containing holophosphatase provides a mechanism for integrating signals regulating actin dynamics with stresses that trigger the ISR.
Air Pollution
Authors: Vallero Daniel A.
Published: March 2015

Air quality is affected by many types of pollutants that are emitted from various sources, including stationary and mobile. These sources release both criteria and hazardous air pollutants, which cause health effects, ecological harm, and material damage. They are generally categorized as either particulates or gas‐phase pollutants. The means of controlling air pollutants depends on the inherent properties of the pollutant, the atmospheric conditions, and the susceptibility of the receptor. Various ways of measuring and predicting air pollution are employed. Air pollution control technologies have continuously advanced in recent decades, but prevention is preferable to control.
Film and Sheeting Materials
Authors: Mackenzie K. J. , by Staff Updated
Published: March 2015

Films and sheets are defined as flat unsupported sections of a plastic resin whose thickness is very thin compared with its width and length. Films and sheets may be used in their unsupported state or may be combined through lamination, coextrusion, or coating. They may be used in combination with other materials such as paper, foil, and fabrics. Films or sheets generally function as supports for other materials, as barriers or cover such as packaging, as insulation, or as materials of construction. Modifications of properties can be achieved by use of additives or modifiers such as antistatic agents, fire retardants, slip agents, and uv and thermal stabilizers. Many materials are now available as sheet or film, eg, acrylic polymers, fluropolymers, cellophane, nylon, polyethylene, polyurethane, polypropylene, and polystyrene. The basic methods of producing film or sheet are melt extrusion, calendering, solution casting, and chemical regeneration. Major uses are in packaging, films and laminates, transportation and electronics, and electrical applications.
Forensic Chemistry
Authors: Rowe Walter F.
Published: March 2015

Forensic chemistry, the application of chemistry to the law, is used to assist courts in the interpretation of the relevancy of scientific findings obtained from the examination of physical evidence, most of which is organic in nature. Chemical forensic testing, which may involve forensic toxicology, identification of solid drug samples, or trace analysis by means of modern instrumental analysis techniques, is described. In forensic toxicology, samples from a biological source are screened to confirm the presence of alcohol or drugs. Immunoassays combined with chromatographic techniques are most often employed. Solid‐dose drug samples are first subjected to the older spot and microcrystalline tests. Common drugs of abuse are discussed. Trace evidence, a generic term for microscopic physical evidence, may be examined by various microscopic techniques. Forensic serology, the characterization of blood, DNA, and other biological materials are presented and discussed.
Carbides, Survey
Authors: Oyama S. Ted
Published: March 2015

The combination of carbon with various elements produces compounds known as carbides, which have a rich compositional and structural diversity and have numerous practical and fundamental applications. The bonding in the carbides, nitrides, and phosphides ranges from ionic for the alkali and alkaline earth metals, metallic or covalent for the transition elements, and covalent for the main group elements. The metallic carbides and nitrides are well known for their strength and hardness, and are widely used in wear‐resistant coatings, cutting tools, drill bits, and rocket nozzles. They are refractory, and generally have higher heats of formation, melting points, and microhardness values than their parent metals. Interestingly, they also have a strong metallic nature, with lower electrical resistivity and higher heat capacity. Stability tends to decrease in going to the right in the periodic table, as antibonding levels are filled. In ferrous alloys, the carbides are the components responsible for the toughness of steels. However, they also have interesting optical, electronic, and magnetic properties, and have been applied in semiconducting coatings, electrical contacts, thin film resistors, optoelectronic components, and diffusion barriers.
Water Chemistry
Authors: Brezonik Patrick L.
Published: March 2015

Water (or aquatic) chemistry is the field of chemistry that focuses on the solutes and suspended substances occurring in water of natural environments and water systems engineered by humans, eg, drinking water systems, as well as the chemical reactions and phase transfer processes that change the concentrations of solutes in water. It has three principal subfields—environmental water chemistry, aqueous geochemistry, and marine chemistry—and is related to or overlaps with many other fields of environmental science and engineering. This article explains the relationships among the subfields and describes their origin and early development. Important textbooks and unique educational features of the subfields are described along with three important driving forces for development and change in the field.
Air Traffic Management
Authors: Sridhar Banavar , Chatterji G. B.
Published: March 2015

This article provides an overview of Air Traffic Management (ATM) in the United States, brief review of current aviation operations, research under development, and technology and infrastructure upgrades currently being deployed to enable the current aviation system to meet the needs of future aviation systems. Improvements are taking place in all phases of flight to achieve more efficiency, meet demand, and reduce emissions while maintaining safety. Air traffic operations need to be harmonized across all parts of the globe to achieve standardization and efficiency of operations. With investment in new aircraft, higher oil prices and labor costs squeezing airline profits, greater automation, and decentralization will be needed to sustain aviation systems. A fundamental challenge will be to develop the functional relationship between pilots, air traffic controllers, and other human decision makers in the presence of greater automation. The benefits of new technologies have to be demonstrated for speedier adaptation by industry.
Attitude Control
Authors: Tsiotras Panagiotis
Published: March 2015

In this article, we review the fundamental equations governing the rotational motion of a rigid body in space. These equations are used to describe and control the motion of spacecraft, aircraft, underwater vehicles, robotic arms, and many other devices and systems. We present some of the numerous, and relatively simple, available stabilization methods for aircraft and spacecraft, including the sensors and actuators used to implement them in practice. Several of these analyses are also applicable for controlling the end effector of a robotic manipulator. We show the utilization of attitude control in robotics. Current theoretical issues and technology trends in the area of attitude control are also discussed.
Phased Array Antennas
Authors: Dyab Walid , Sarkar Tapan K. , Salama Dojana , Abdallah Mohammad , Salazar‐Palma Magdalena
Published: March 2015

The objective of this article is to illustrate the principles of digital beamforming, which can process multiple targets in the main lobe in contrast to conventional phased arrays where the resolution is limited by the conventional Fourier processing. In addition, it is illustrated how to combine the electromagnetic processing related to the mutual coupling between the antennas and the effects of the ground in the adaptive signal processing‐based methodology. A direct data domain least‐squares method is presented to illustrate that statistical considerations, which are often unknown, need to enter into the processing. Finally, it is shown how to simultaneously use the same array to adaptive process signals arriving at two different frequencies impinging on the same array in the presence of interferers.
Magnetic Logic: Fundamentals, Devices, and Applications
Authors: Johnson Mark
Published: March 2015

A new class of integrated digital electronic devices uses conduction electron spin (magnetic moment) as the state variable. Devices incorporate a ferromagnetic material for at least one component and memory of the device state is intrinsically nonvolatile. These magnetoelectronic devices have become commercially successful as high‐performance, low‐power nonvolatile magnetic random access memory (MRAM), and their utilization in a variety of memory applications is increasing rapidly. A motivation of research in this field is to further broaden areas of implementation and an important focus has been the development of high‐speed, low‐power digital logic. This article reviews the most common techniques for performing Boolean logic operations with magnetoelectronic devices, and gives a discussion of the benefits and limitations of this novel approach to information processing. As the size and complexity of magnetic memories increase, there will be advantages to performing some logic functions using cells comprised of the same class of devices.
Multiferroic Thin Films
Authors: Yang Jan Chi , Chu Ying Hao , Ramesh Ramamoorthy
Published: March 2015

Multiferroic depicts matters in which two or more ferroic order parameters (ferroelectric, antiferromagnetic, and ferroelastic) coexist. The coexistent ferroic orders and the coupling enable multiferroics to show intriguing physical phenomena and to possess promising potentials for next‐generation nanoelectronics. More recently, a number of fascinating phenomena as well as promising exploration of new device heterostructures based on multiferroic thin films have been carried out, lighting up the opportunity toward multifunctional devices and electronics. In this article, fundamental characteristics, coexistence of ferroic order parameters, and corresponding couplings will be disclosed. Furthermore, convectional types as well as promising applications of multiferriocs thin films will also be recaptured.
Modeling Magnetoelectric Multiferroics
Authors: Bichurin Mirza , Petrov Vladimir
Published: March 2015

The article dwells on the theoretical modeling of magnetoelectric (ME) effect in multiferroics based on magnetostrictive and piezoelectric materials. The analysis is based on the simultaneous solution of elastodynamic or elastostatic and electro/magnetostatic equations. The expressions for ME coefficients as a function of the material parameters and volume fractions of components are presented. Longitudinal, transverse, and in‐plane cases are considered. The models presented adequately describe the ME effect in ferrite cobalt–barium titanate, ferrite cobalt–PZT, ferrite nickel–PZT, and lanthanum strontium manganite–PZT composites.
Aviation Software: Safety and Security
Authors: Kornecki Andrew J. , Zalewski Janusz
Published: March 2015

Aviation systems, both airborne and ground, (e.g., flight controls, avionics, engine control, and air traffic control) are typical examples of safety‐critical, real‐time systems. Such systems continue to become more complex and are extremely software reliant. Modern aircrafts, composed on numerous software‐controlled systems, operate within constraints of a National Airspace System (NAS) that includes air traffic management, weather services, airline and airport operations, communication facilities, navigation infrastructure, and so on. NAS is a software‐intensive system of systems with multiple components and of incredible complexity.

Software is critical in all aspects of modern aviation, whether it is for development, operation flexibility, or fault tolerance. Technological progress, particularly in the electronics and computing areas, changed the aviation industry. Safety has always been a critical factor for aviation; with increased interconnectivity of networked systems and potential vulnerability for malicious attacks, security becomes likewise important. This chapter presents basic concepts and definitions of safety and security together with their mutual relationship. Representative techniques, methods, and tools used to facilitate software assurance are discussed. In addition, the chapter introduces regulations and certification guidance as applied to the development of software‐intensive aviation systems from the perspective of safety and security.
Nanomagnet Logic
Authors: Csaba Gyoörgy , Bernstein Gary H. , Porod Wolfgang , Orlov Alexei , Niemier Michael T. , Hu X. Sharon , Becherer Markus , Breitkreutz Stephan , Kiermaier Josef , Eichwald Irina , Schmitt‐Landsiedel Doris , Ju Xueming , Lugli Paolo
Published: March 2015

Nanomagnet Logic (NML) is a circuit architecture that uses nanoscale magnets and their interactions to represent and process digital information. NML has been shown to be functionally equivalent to Boolean digital circuits, that is, able to perform all arithmetic/logic operations that today's omnipresent electronic computers can do.

This article reviews the state of the art of NML devices.
Optical Antennas
Authors: González Francisco Javier
Published: March 2015

Antennas can be used either to transmit or to receive electromagnetic (EM) waves; the EM spectrum covers a vast range of frequencies of EM radiation. Therefore, all these ranges of frequencies can be detected with an antenna with dimensions proportional to the wavelength of the EM radiation. In the case of optical antennas, the dimensions are on the order of hundreds of nanometers, in which case nanolithographic tools such as electron‐beam lithography have to be used to fabricate them; this is why optical antennas are also called “nanoantennas.” These types of antennas provide polarization dependence, wavelength tuning, tunable bandwidth, and the possibility of using them in a phased array configuration that provides great advantages over traditional optical detectors.