bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Method of Liquid-Phase Fluorination of Polymers to Increase the Selectivity of the Air Separation
Authors: Syrtsova D. A. , Alentiev A. Yu. , Chirkov S. V. , Bezgin D. A. , Nikiforov R. Yu. , Levin I. A. , Belov N. A.
Published: April 2024

The one-sided modification of homogeneous polymer films of polyvinyltrimethylsilane (PVTMS), poly(2,6-dimethylphenyl-1,4 oxide) (PPO), and polybenzodioxane (PIM-1) was carried out by liquid-phase fluorination method using a fluorine-nitrogen mixture in perfluorodecalin. The fluorination time ranged from 10 to 60 min. For PPO films the amorphous and β-nanocrystalline phase (48%) was found by X-ray diffraction analysis of the original films. It was shown that fluorination does not significantly affect the degree of PPO crystallinity. The effect of fluorination time on the effective coefficients of permeability, diffusion, and solubility of oxygen and nitrogen has been studied. It was found that the fluorination leads to a decrease in both effective diffusion coefficients and effective gas solubility coefficients, while the resulting increase in permeability selectivity ranged from 30% for PVTMS to a 2 times increase in the case of PPO and PIM-1. It has been noted that this improvement in permeability selectivity is achieved mainly by the solubility selectivity increasing. The permeability of O2/N2 mixture for original and modified films was studied. It was found that the achieved values of the separation factors are close to the ideal selectivity. The results obtained demonstrate the possibility of effective application of the liquid-phase modification method not only for the homogeneous polymer films of the studied polymers treatment, but also for membranes with a selective non-porous layer based on them.
Structural Features of 4-VP-HEMA-SiO2 Hybrid Membranes and Their Proton Conductivity
Authors: Lebedeva O. V. , Raskulova T. V. , Beznosyuk S. A. , Ryabykh A. V. , Fomina L. V. , Sipkina E. I.
Published: April 2024

Hybrid organic-inorganic membranes based on tetraethoxysilane and orthophosphoric acid-doped copolymers of 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) were formed by the sol-gel synthesis method. The membranes are characterized by high values of exchange capacity and proton conductivity. An increase in the proton conductivity of hybrid organo-inorganic membranes compared to the initial copolymer can be associated with the generation of water of crystallization during the formation of a silicon dioxide fragment, which follows from quantum-chemical modeling of the local structure of the membrane, which includes an organic part from the copolymerization product of 4-VP with HEMA (44 atoms) and an inorganic part of 27 atoms, repeating the structure of the silicon dioxide block.
The Influence of Low-Temperature Plasma on the Structure of Surface Layers and Gas-Separating Properties of Polyvinyltrimethylsilane Membranes
Authors: Syrtsova D. A. , Zinoviev A. V. , Piskarev M. S. , Skryleva E. A. , Gatin A. K. , Gilman A. B. , Gaidar A. I. , Kuznetsov A. A. , Teplyakov V. V.
Published: April 2024

New results of one-sided surface modification of polymeric films and composite membranes of polyvinyltrimethylsilane (PVTMS) using low-temperature plasma are presented. The treatment was carried out by direct current discharge at the cathode and anode, air was used as the working gas, the exposure time was from 10 to 60 s, and the working pressure in the chamber was 15–20 Pa. The structure of the surface layers was analyzed by XPS, AFM and SEM, and the contact properties of the surface were also studied. The effective permeability coefficients for O2, N2, CH4, CO2, He, and H2, as well as for gas diffusion, for cathode-treated PVTMS films are experimentally obtained, and the effective gas solubility coefficients are calculated. The permeability coefficients of the studied gases for composite membranes with a selective PVTMS layer modified at the cathode and anode were determined. It has been noted that the choice of electrode significantly affects not only the chemical structure of the surface and near-surface layers of PVTMS, but also the gas transport parameters of the modified samples. At the same time, during the treatment of PVTMS films at the cathode for 30 s, it was possible to achieve an increase in the O2/N2 selectivity by more than two times relative to the initial value. It has been established that the results of modification of composite membranes differ from those obtained for homogeneous films and it was possible to achieve O2/N2 selectivity in 2.5 times higher than the initial value. The potential of using surface modification of polymer films and membranes by low-temperature plasma to improve their gas separation properties is shown.
Features of the Process of Galvanic Deposition of Metals into the Ion Track Membranes’ Pores
Authors: Zagorskiy D. L. , Doludenko I. M. , Khairetdinova D. R.
Published: April 2024

The paper considers some aspects of obtaining metal nanowires by matrix synthesis based on track membranes. In the first part of the paper, the main ideas of the method are considered and a review of the literature on the synthesis of nanowires of various types of single component (from one metal) and multicomponent—from two or more metals is given. In the second part of the review, variants of obtaining homogeneous structures of so-called alloyed nanowires and heterogeneous structures of so-called layered nanowires are considered. Several specific features of the electrodeposition method during the process in a limited volume of membrane pores are considered. In the second part of the work, the experimental results obtained by the authors in the study of electrodeposition of nanowires made of an iron–nickel alloy are considered. The so-called abnormal electrodeposition of iron was detected. The dependence of the integral element composition of the obtained nanowires on the pore diameter and on the growth voltage is discussed. Data on the nature of the distribution of elements along the length of nanowires are obtained. The unevenness of the composition is determined by the conditions of production (in particular, the different diffusion mobility of ions in narrow pore channels) and also depends on the voltage and diameter of the pore channels. Based on the X-ray diffraction data, the type of lattice (hcc) is determined and the nature of the change in the lattice parameter is shown, presumably associated with the difference in the ionic radii of metals.
The influence of meteorological factors on the yield formation of naked oats under conditions of the Kirov region
Authors: Emeleva N. V , Batalova G. A
Published: April 2024

In 2019-2021 studies were carried out in the Kirov region in order to study the cultivars and lines of naked oats in terms of yield and elements of the productivity structure at the background of varying temperature and precipitation during the growing season and to identify promising ones for use in production. Four naked oat lines and the cv. Baget were studied in comparison with the standard cv. Vyatsky. Methods of descriptive and correlation analyses and Student's t-test were used. On average, over the years of the study the highest yield was 4.34 t/ha, the largest number of grains 42.78 pcs., the mass of grain per panicle 1.24 g and per plant 1.33 g. In 2021, it was the most unfavorable conditions over the years of the study (GTC = 0.11, the sum of effective temperatures of 1219.9 °C); the yield varied from 1.01 t/ha for the standard to 1.66 t/ha for the 4h12 line which had duration of growing season of 75...77 days. More favorable weather conditions during the growing season (GTC = 1.78, the sum of effective temperatures of 1634 °C) to form a high yield of up to 7.31 t/ha in cv. Baget and 7.28 t/ha in line 72h11 was in 2019, with a duration of growing season of 97...101 days. In 2020, the indicators were average: yield of 3.70...4.88 t/ha, the sum of effective temperatures of 1327 °C, GTC = 1.77. A positive effect was established of the temperature and precipitation, according to the GTC during the period from seedlings to ear formation, on the yield (r = 0.69...0.84) for all genotypes studied; and for the period from seedlings to waxy ripeness, it varied from significant (r = 0.81... 0.84 in cv. Baget and 63h11 line) to insignificant (r = 0.34...0.73 in lines 72h11, 4h12, 11h12o and standard). Line 4h12 is classified as promising for use in production in terms of the ability to form significantly higher yields in drought conditions relative to the standard (+ 0.65 t/ha) and other lines (+ 0.29...0.52 t/ha).
Dynamics of accumulation of 137CS, botanical composition and productivity of legume-cereal mixtures in the Tula region
Authors: Voronov S. I , Knyazeva E. P , Pikul A. N , Kuznetsov V. K
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the research is to select grass mixtures to improve hay and pasture lands on ravine - beam systems that have been exposed to radioactive contamination, to evaluate agrotechnical and agrochemical techniques to increase productivity and restore radioactively contaminated slope forage lands and reduce the accumulation of 137Cs in the grass. The work was carried out in 2003-2010 and 2019-2021 in the Plavsky district of the Tula region on medium loamy leached chernozem. In the first experiment, the yield and dynamics of accumulation of 137Cs by perennial grasses were studied. Perennial herbs were grown in variants without fertilizers and with annual application of N60P60K60. The objects of research were meadow clover, creeping clover, variable alfalfa, eastern goat, horned lyadvenets, boneless rump, meadow fescue, meadow timothy. The most productive in the experiments was a mixture of meadow clover, variable alfalfa and boneless stalk (10,5 t /ha of dry matter). The content of 137Cs in the air-dry mass of cereal-legume grass mixtures ranged from 8,3 to 40,1 Bq/kg. Perennial leguminous grasses bore 2...3 times more 137Cs than cereals. In the second experiment, the objects of the study were single-species crops of boneless stalk and its mixture with eastern goat with the use of mineral and microbiological fertilizers. As a result, it was found that the introduction of large doses of nitrogen fertilizers increased the accumulation of 137Cs in the herbage. With fractional fertilization, such an increase can be avoided. The complex application of nitrogen and microbiological fertilizers contributes to a 2-fold increase in the content of 137Cs in the herbage. In the experiments, the lowest values of the accumulation coefficients of 137Cs were noted in the variants with the addition of double superphosphate with potassium chloride and borofoski.
The optimization of grain crops’ phytosanitary condition with the associative rhizobacteria application
Authors: Kolesnikov L. E , Belimov A. A , Hassan B. A , Kolesnikova Yu. R , Kiselev M. V , Minakov D. S
Published: April 2024

The effectiveness of the associative rhizobacteria influence on the intensity of the soft wheat and triticale diseases’ development was studied. According to the experimental scheme, seeds were soaked and plants were sprayed twice with a working fluid, containing rhizobacteria strains of Bacillus subtilis 124-11, Sphingomonas sp. K1B and Pseudomonas fluorescens SPB2137 (titer 108-109 cl/ml), and other variants with combined treatment with a liquid organomineral composition Batr Gum were used. In the control plants were treated with water and Batr Gum (by 10 ml/l of water). The biopreparations influence on the diseases development was investigated using generally accepted accounting scales and additional phytopathological indicators. The Bacillus subtilis strain 124-11, had the maximal effectiveness against yellow and brown rust of wheat, and Sphingomonas sp. K1B - against triticale rusts. In particular, the treatment of the local cultivar Leningradskaya 6 with Bacillus subtilis 124-11 led to a decrease in the development of yellow rust by 12 %, the pustules number by 47 %, the strip length by 41 %, the pustule area by 39 %; the brown rust development by 9 %, the pustules number by 50 %, the pustule area the by 40 %. After the Dua, k-828 cultivar treatment with the Sphingomonas sp. K1B strain, a decrease in the plants affection by brown rust was observed by 13 %, the pustules number decreased by 59 %, the pustule area by 52 %. A significant decrease in the powdery mildew development on soft wheat and a decrease in the number of spots with plaque were recorded when using the Sphingomonas sp. K1B strain on cultivars: Leningradskaya 6 - by 12 % (79.4 %), Ajeeba - 19 % (72.5 %), Trizo - 13 % (87.2 %), Sudarynya - 3 % (60 %). On the soft wheat cultivar Sudarynya and triticale cultivars Aist Kharkovskiy and Dua, a decrease in helminthosporiotic root rot was revealed when using associative rhizobacteria; the maximal decrease in the disease development (by 32 %) was noted when using the strain Sphingomonas sp. K1B. When bacterial strains were used combined with the organomineral fertilizer Batr Gum, the development of powdery mildew and yellow rust was much slower than when they were used separately, while the greatest effectiveness against these diseases (by 31 % and 91 %) was revealed in the «Batr Gum + Pseudomonas fluorescens SPB2137» experimental variant.
Effect of heavy metals on changes in the biochemical profile of pea root exudates
Authors: Puhalsky J. V , Loskutov S. I , Vorobyov N. I , Chukaeva M. A , Nagornov D. O , Shaposhnikov A. I , Azarova T. S , Kozhemyakov A. P
Published: April 2024

By HPLC analysis, a comparative assessment of changes in the qualitative and quantitative indicators of the biochemical composition of low molecular weight root exometabolites in three different genotypes of peas (SGE, SGECDt and Sofya) at an early stage of vegetation under the influence of introducing into the environment toxic concentrations of heavy metals in the form of chlorides (cadmium and/or cobalt - 4 µM / 40 µM). Contamination of the nutrient substrate with salts of heavy metals caused an increase in the total yield of sugars and amino acids in the SGE and SGECDt genotypes. In the variety Sofya, this effect was manifested only in relation to sugars. No statistically significant difference was found in the total yield of organic acids between the three genotypes. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis identified a unique pea mutant SGECDt against the background of other genotypes with the joint introduction of salts of both heavy metals into the nutrient medium. A fractal analysis of the degree of structuredness of root exudation, using the example of the largest fraction of amino acids in terms of the number of components included in it, showed that the values of the correlation coefficients demonstrate an increase in the total plant biomass with a decrease in the indices of biosystemic determination. The lowest indicator of the plant system consolidation index in the absence of stress was found in the variety Sofya. Under the influence of HM, this numerical value did not change in any way, which may indicate the stagnation of plant growth and the transition to a state close to anabiosis. This can also be judged from the data of growth inhibition in the genotype and a decrease in the yield of amino acids. In the presence of HMs individually, the index of determination on pea SGE individually decreased, while in the SGECdt mutant, on the contrary, it increased. The combined effect of metals on SGECdt was multiplicative. Based on these indicators, it can be judged that the plant spends more energy to attract potential beneficial microflora in order to form an effective symbiosis and successfully counter metal-induced stress.
The effect of pre-sowing electron radiation on the development of barley seedlings and the activity of enzymes and phytohormones
Authors: Loy N. N , Sanzharova N. I , Kazakova E. A , Bitarishvili S. V
Published: April 2024

In a laboratory experiment, the effect of pre-sowing low-energy (160 keV) electron radiation at doses of 1, 3, and 5 kGy at a dose rate of 500 Gy/pulse was studied. on sowing qualities, morphometric parameters of barley seedlings of the Vladimir spring variety, their susceptibility to fungal diseases against a natural infectious background, as well as on the activity of enzymes and the concentration of phytohormones in 7-day-old seedlings. The repetition in the experiment was 3-fold, non-irradiated seeds served as control. Irradiation of seeds at a dose of 3 kGy caused a statistically significant increase in comparison with the control of laboratory germination (LV) by 6 % and seed growth force (SPC) by 10 %, and at a dose of 1 kGy, an increase in root length by 24.6 % and had no significant effect on morphometric parameters at a dose of 5 kGy. Seed treatment did not affect the green and dry weight of the seedlings and the percentage of water content in them. Irradiation completely suppressed the development of Penicillium spp. at doses of 1, 3 and 5 kGy, Fusarium spp. - at doses of 3 and 5 kGy and significantly increased the prevalence of Bipolaris sorokiniana seedlings by 2.1 times and its prevalence by 1.8 times at a dose of 5 kGy. Electron irradiation of barley seeds had no effect on the activity of enzymes and phytohormones, except for a significant increase in 7-day-old seedlings of the content of IAA at a dose of 5 kGy by 1.5 times and IBA at a dose of 1 kGy by 2.7 times compared with the control.
Efficiency of organic carbon sequestration in typical slightly eroded chernozem
Authors: Masyutenko N. P , Kuznetsov A. V , Masyutenko M. N , Pankova T. I , Breskina G. M
Published: April 2024

The research was carried out to study the efficiency of organic carbon sequestration (ESCS) in the arable layer of typical slightly eroded chernozem when biopreparations (based on Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas aureofacieens) were applied with by-products of crops separately or together with nitrogen, nitrogen fertilizers, as well as to assess its relationship with indicators of transformation of plant residues and biological state of soil. The object of the study was typical slightly eroded heavy loamy chernozem on carbonate loess-like loams with humus content in the topsoil (according to Tyurin’s method) of 5.11. 5.36%; that of alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen 160.2±2.6 mg/kg, mobile phosphorus and potassium (according to Chirikov’s method) 112.0±7.8 mg/kg and 102.2±9.8 mg/ kg, respectively, that of exchange calcium 223.5 ± 2.2 mg-eq/kg, with a medium reaction close to neutral (pHKCl 5.6±0.1).The research was carried out in 2018-2021 in a stationary field experiment with biopreparations in Kursk Region, in a grain-row crop rotation (sunflower-barley-soybeans-buckwheat). The experimental design included the following variants: crushed by-products (background) as a control; background + nitrogen of ammonium nitrate at the rate of 10 kg of PPN per 1 ton of by-products; treating seeds, soil before sowing, crops 2 times during the growing season and crushed by-products before embedding them in the soil (biopreparations + background) with biopreparations Gribophyte and Imunazot ; biopreparations + background + nitrogen of ammonium nitrate at the rate of 10 kg of PPN per 1 ton of by-products. The efficiency of organic carbon sequestration in the soil was calculated according to the formula proposed by the authors based on the study of the dynamics of humus reserves in the arable soil layer, the annual intake of crushed by-products into the soil and the content of crop-root residues in the soil. It was revealed that the use of biopreparations and crushed by-products contributed to an increase in ESCS in the arable soil layer 3.7 times, the combined use of biopreparations with N 4.9 times, and the application of only N10 kg of PPN with 1 ton of by-products 2.3 times compared with the control (by adding only crushed by-products). A direct, very close correlation of efficiency of organic carbon sequestration in the soil with an average rate of decomposition of plant residues (r=0.98), a close one with CO2 emission from the soil (r=0.88), and an average one with the cellulolytic activity of the soil (r=0.69) was established.
Creation of young researchers new generation in scientific institutions
Authors: Tsench Yu. S
Published: April 2024

The article emphasizes that the course of the leadership of our country on the technological independence of the domestic economy involves, among other tasks, providing enterprises with qualified, highly professional young personnel. In this regard, the task of significantly improving the effectiveness of the training of scientific youth is particularly relevant. Many research teams, including the faculty of VIM, are closely engaged in the development of this problem. In the process of solving this problem, statistical methods were used, documents, archival materials, demographic factors, and the age structure of researchers were analyzed. As a result of the research, the possibility and necessity of organizing a continuous system of higher professional education were identified, including the training of young specialists for scientific institutions on the basis of continuity (master's - postgraduate - doctoral studies). The most important qualities of young modern scientists and innovators should be professionalism, patriotism, continuity and high culture. The results obtained are of practical interest for the training of advanced personnel in scientific institutions, in particular, for the formation of each particular young researcher.
Source material for creating spring barley varieties in the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga Region
Authors: Kosykh L. A
Published: April 2024

The research aimed to comprehensively assess the spring barley collection material to create new high-yielding varieties resistant to environmental stress factors. The experiments were carried out in 2019-2021 in the Samara region. The soil of the experimental plot was a typical low-humus chernozem, medium- thick, light clayey, slightly acidic. The forecrop was spring wheat. The objects of research were 117 varieties of spring barley from the world collection of N. I. Vavilov All- Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources of various ecological and geographical origin. The zoned variety Povolzhsky 65 was chosen as a standard. The meteorological conditions during the years of the research were unstable during the growing season, which made it possible to objectively evaluate the variety samples according to the studied characteristics. As a result of the study of collection varieties of spring barley, sources of high grain productivity (+ 19.3-38.7 % to the standard) and short stature (14.0-27.0 cm below the standard) were identi ed - Kalkul (Germany), Badyoriy (Ukraine), Format (Rostov region), Yula (Rostov region), Leon (Rostov region), Tipple (England), Krasnoyaruzhsky 6 (Belgorod region), Exploer (France), Veles (Belgorod region), Chill (Germany), Fedos (Rostov region). In terms of large grains, the best were Nudum 95 (Chelyabinsk region), Stalker (Ukraine), Ratnik (Rostov region), Hago (Belarus), Miar (Orenburg region), which exceeded the standard by 16.8-21.1 %. Zeus varieties (Belgorod region), Ilek 36 (Kazakhstan), Donetskiy 12 (Ukraine), Evegrin (Denmark), Veles (Belgorod region), Prairie (Ukraine), Fedos (Rostov region), which exceeded the standard by 25.0-40.0 %, were distinguished by productive tillering. In terms of precocity, the varieties Gandvig (Arkhangelsk region), Belogorsky (Leningrad region), Bagan (Novosibirsk region), Krinichny (Belarus), Medicum 11 (Kazakhstan), Vadim (Krasnodar region), Veles (Belgorod region), ripened earlier than the standard for 2-5 days. The distinguished samples of spring barley can be used as genetic sources for crossings and creating valuable breeding material.
Study of molecular mechanisms of herbicide binding t o target proteins of weeds by in silico methods
Authors: Pamirsky I. E , Timkin P. D , Timofeev E. A , Kotelnikov D. D , Alexeyko L. N , Klimovich S. V , Borodin E. A , Golokhvast K. S
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study was to study of the molecular mechanisms of herbicide binding (pinoxaden, quizalofop- P-tephuryl, prometryn, metribuzin, metsulfuron- methyl) to target proteins (acetyl- CoA carboxylase, acetolactate synthase, cytochrome P450, p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) of the weed species growing in Siberia: wild oat Avena fatua (L.), wheatgrass Elymus repens (L.), amaranth Amaranthus retro exus (L.), common lamb's quarters Chenopodium album (L.), bristlegrass Setaria viridis (L.). The work was carried out in the Novosibirsk region in 2022-2023. Using bioinformatic methods, virtual three- dimensional complexes of pesticides and their targets were created. A new approach has been proposed to identify the parameters of the cavity of binding sites, which consists in combining the alignment method and machine learning technology. Docking of pesticides with targets was carried out. The calculation of the binding energy indicates a high degree of stability of the ligand- protein complexes. The in silico approach we proposed may be useful for elucidating the behavior of herbicides when bound to weed enzymes. This approach allows a deeper understanding of the mechanism of action and ecotoxicological aspects of the use of pesticides. The studied complexes of herbicides and proteins have a potential high stability due to the low binding energy with receptors, which varies from -5.60 to -13.24 kcal/mol. The binding energy value did not show a direct dependence on the number of amino acid residues of the ligand- binding site. In general, the study supplemented some aspects of the molecular mechanisms of binding herbicides to target proteins of weeds, however, a more in-depth study is required in order to localize critical amino acid points involved in the biological functions of target proteins.
Domestic three-component herbicide Arizona for the protection of corn crops in the central zone of the Krasnodar Territory
Authors: Savva A. P , Nadykta V. D , Telezhenko T. N , Suvorova V. A
Published: April 2024

Field experiments were carried out to determine the biological and economic e ectiveness of the herbicide Arizona, OD (75 g/l mesotrion + 30 g/l nicosulfuron + 3.5 g/l orasulam), on crops of the hybrid corn Krasnodar 291 AMV in Krasnodar Krai. The experiments were carried out on the experimental eld of the Federal State Budgetary Scienti c Institution "Federal Research Center ofBiological Plant Protection" in 2020-2021 in accordance with the guidelines for testing herbicides in agriculture. The soil cover of the experimental plots is leached chernozem. The ow rate of the working uid is 200 l/ha. In the experiments, plots with an area of 25 m2 were used with a four-fold repetition with a randomized arrangement. The scheme of the experiment assumed the use of the tested herbicide Arizona, OD in the norms of 1.0 and 2.0 l/ha, standards Elumis, OD (2.0 l/ha) and Octave, OD (1.0 l/ha), control (without herbicides). During the period of 3…5 leaves of the culture, herbicides were applied. The initial contamination of corn crops averaged 125 copies/m2. The e ectiveness of the drugs was evaluated by reducing the number, mass of weeds and the di erence in the yield of grain crops in comparison with the option without the use of herbicides. The types of weeds in the experiments (ragweed sagebrush, сalifornia durnishnik, tilted schiritsa, bristly body, gray bristle, common hedgehog) demonstrated high sensitivity to the herbicide being tested. In the variants with the introduction of 1.0 and 2.0 l / ha of the drug Arizona, OD, an 82…100 % herbicidal e ect was observed without a negative e ect on the crop and a reliable preserved corn grain yield (87.0 and 102.2 %). The reference preparations for the e ectiveness of cereals were at the level of the tested preparation (2.0 l/ha), but were inferior in e ect to dicotyledonous weeds.
Consumption of NPK by domestic and foreign sugar beet hybrids with different main fertilizer backgrounds in the Central Black-Earth Region
Authors: Minakova O. A , Alexandrova L. V , Podvigina T. P
Published: April 2024

The investigations conducted in 2019-2021 revealed an e ect of fertilizer levels on domestic and foreign sugar beet hybrids’ yield and peculiarities of NPK consumption from soil and fertilizers under conditions of the Central Black- Earth Region. Fertilizer systems with a high degree of nutrient elements’ saturation (N135P135K135 for sugar beet in combination with 25 t/ha of manure in a fallow, and N120P120K120 for sugar beet in combination with 50 t/ha of manure in a fallow) provided a high beet root yield of domestic sugar beet hybrids (43.2-45.1 t/ha) comparable to the one of the foreign hybrid (48.3-51.6 t/ha). The fertilizer level e ect appeared as a substantial improvement of the domestic hybrids’ productivity per 1 ha (by 20.7-59.4 % as compared to the variant without fertilizers), whereas this parameter of the foreign hybrid yield showed less increase (by 9.00-22.3 %). In variants with fertilizers, yield of dry matter by the crop main product of RMS 120 and RMS 127 was similar to that of Mitika hybrid (11.9-15.3 and 13.5-15.1, t/ha accordingly). The domestic hybrids generally use NPK fertilizers; the foreign one consumes nutrient elements of soil mostly. This worsens ecological conditions of elds (except K2O which consumption by domestic hybrids, especially RMS 127, is more intensive). To obtain maximum yields it is recommended to apply N135P135K135+25 t/ha of manure for both hybrids Mitika, RMS 120 and RMS 127, and also N90P90K90+25 t/ha of manure for RMS 127. To calculate doses of fertilizers for planned yield obtaining, it is recommended to use the following standard removal values per 1 ton of the main product: 3.80 kg/t of N, 1.40 kg/t of P2O5 and 4.18 kg/t of K2O, when cultivating the hybrid of RMS 120; 3.44, 1.24 and 3.83 kg/t, accordingly, when cultivating the hybrid of RMS 127; and 3.14, 1.09 and 2.97 kg/t, accordingly, when cultivating the hybrid of Mitika
Nitrogen regime of soddy-podzolic soil with long-term use of different types and combinations of mineral fertilizers
Authors: Zavyalova N. E. , Vasbieva M. T. , Shishkov D. G. , Kazakova I. V.
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the work is to study the effect of various types and combinations of mineral fertilizers on the fractional composition of nitrogen in soddy-podzolic soil in a long-term stationary experiment and compare it with a virgin analogue. The studies were carried out in 2016 and 2018 on the experimental field of the Perm Research Institute of Agriculture after harvesting barley in an eight-field crop rotation deployed on soddy-podzolic heavy loamy soil. The experiment scheme: without fertilizers: N90; Р90; К90; N90P90; N90K90; P90K90; N90Р90К90. To assess the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizers and their combinations on the nitrogen regime of soddy-podzolic soil, the arable soil was compared with the virgin analogue. The nitrogen fund of soddy-podzolic soil of a long-term stationary experiment is represented by 64…71 % non-hydrolyzable and 17…22 % hardly hydrolyzable forms of nitrogen. Long-term use of various types and combinations of mineral fertilizers did not significantly change the ratio of nitrogen fractions characteristic of virgin soils of this type. Nitrogen fertilizers, both with one-sided application and in combination with potassium chloride (N90К90) and superphosphate (N90P90), contributed to an increase in the total nitrogen content in the arable soil layer by 10…20 % relative to the control, mineral nitrogen compounds - by 2…3 times. Unilateral application of potash fertilizer provided an increase in the content of total nitrogen in the soil by 12 %, the introduction of superphosphate did not have a signi cant effect on the nitrogen regime of the soil. Long-term use of complete mineral fertilizer (N90P90K90) only in this way: (N90P90К90) contributed to maintaining total nitrogen at the level of virgin soil - 1490 mg/kg. Long-term unilateral application of nitrogen fertilizers increased the content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil over the entire meter layer by 1.5-2.5 times, ammonium - by 1.5-14.6 times. The reserves of mineral nitrogen in the variants N90P90, N90K90, and N90P90K90 in the 0-20 cm layer increased 2-3 times, in the 0-100 cm layer - 2 times relative to the control variant.
Prospects of using chemical and physical methods of raw material protection in sugar beet seed-growing
Authors: Smirnov M. A. , Bartenev I. I. , Nechaeva O. M.
Published: April 2024

Necessity to provide beet-growing farms with high-quality planting material determines the main vector of domestic sugar beet seed-growing development. And a special role in the crop seed-growing is assigned to improvement of the main methods including development of promising raw material storage technique. Aim of the investigations is to reveal influence of physical and chemical methods of raw material storage, both separately and in combination, on planting material safety as well as productivity of sugar beet seed-bearing plants. The investigations have been carried out by Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «The A. L. Mazlumov All- Russian Research Institute of Sugar Beet and Sugar» in 2019-2021. Objects of the studies are beet mother roots and seed-bearing plants of the domestic hybrid (RMS-127) male sterile form. The experiments have been performed in a beet root storehouse and isolated plots according to methodological recommendations and instructions for sugar beet seed-growing. The experiment scheme is: 1) control (without treatment); 2) treatment of beet roots mother with infra-red radiation (30 sec.) using the Minin reflector (blue lamp); 3) spraying of beet mother roots with the fungicide of «Kagatnik, VRK» (0.10 l/t); treatment with «Kagatnik, VRK» (0.10 l/t) + infra-red radiation (30 sec.); 5) treatment with «Kagatnik, VRK» (0.10 l/t) + the surfactant of «Allure, Zh» (0.003 l/t). As a result, treatment of sugar beet mother roots with the fungicide of «Kagatnik, VRK» together with infrared radiation as well as in a tank mixture with the surfactant of «Allure, Zh» makes it possible to reduce mass losses by 1.6-2.3 absolute % and proliferation by 21.4-23.3 absolute % during storage, and to increase the yield of suitable for planting beet roots by 6-7 absolute %. Positive dynamics of beet mother roots’ storage technique aftereffect on development and productivity of sugar beet seed-bearing plants has been determined. The yield increase of the obtained sugar beet seeds is 0.5 t / ha, and high quality of seed sowing fractions (3.5-4.5 mm and 4.5-5.5 mm) is 96-98 %.
Changes in organization of action of photosystem II in oat leaves under osmotic stress
Authors: Churakova S. A , Lisitsyn E. M , Batalova G. A
Published: April 2024

The parameters of chlorophyll a fast fluorescence were estimated with husked oats (A. sativa subsp. sativa) and naked oats (A. sativa subsp. nudisativa). The purpose of the study was to identify differences in the control of primary energy storage processes in two subspecies of oats under the influence of osmotic stress for the subsequent selection of parameters and strategies for oat breeding to increase photosynthetic productivity in early drought conditions. Plants were grown on a complete Knop’s nutrient solution; osmotic stress was created by 10 % polyethylene glycol (PEG-400), osmotic pressure 0.709 mPa. Fluorescence parameters were determined using a Fluor Pen FP 110/S fluorometer (Photon Systems Instruments, Czech Republic). The data was processed by principal component analysis. In husked genotypes, the four main factors were responsible for 94.2 % (control) and 91.4 % (stress) variability of the parameters assessed. In naked oats, three main factors were governed 90.5 % of variability in the absence of stress, four factors (97.1 % variability) - under stress conditions. In naked oats, the flows of trapped energy (TR0/RC) and electronic transport (ET0/ RC) under stress were controlled by the same factor and in the absence of stress - by two different factors; in husked genotypes - on the contrary, by one factor in the absence of stress and by two different factors under stress. Osmotic stress led to the transition of control of absorbed (ABS/RC) and trapped (TR0/RC) energy flows from one factor to two factors in husked oats, but did not affect naked oats. The parameter of efficiency of electron transfer until the primary acceptors of photosystem I (δRE) was controlled by two different factors and enhanced their effect (factor loads from 0.564 to 0.740). Under stress, the δRE parameter reduced the effect of both factors in naked genotypes (factor loads -0.625 and -0.705), decreased the effect of one factor and strengthened the second factor in husked genotypes (factor loads -0.552 and 0.687).
Efficiency of application of nitrogen fertilizers and biological products on spring wheat
Authors: Alferov A. A , Nikitin S. N , Chernova L. S , Zavalin A. A
Published: April 2024

The research was carried out in order to study the new biologics’ effect based on rhizosphere microorganisms on the yield and the spring wheat grain’s quality. The work was carried out in 2018-2020 in the Ulyanovsk region on leached heavy loam chernozem in a microfield experiment in vessels without a bottom with an area of 0.018 m2. The experiment’s scheme: Background 1: Р45К4 (control); Background 1+ Strain KL-10; Background 1+ Strain 17-1; Background 1+ Rhyzoagrin; Background 2: N45Р45К45; Background 2+ Strain KL-10; Background 2 + Strain 17-1; Background 2 + Rhyzoagrin; N45Р45К45. It was discovered that pre-sowing inoculation of spring wheat seeds with new biological preparations based on associative rhizobacteria’s strains increases grain weight by 19…22 %. The increases from the Rhyzoagrin biologics’ using on Р45К45 as a standard averaged 66 g/m2 (+13 % to Background 1), from strain KL-10-98 g/ m2 (+19 %), strain 17-1 - 113 g/m2 (+22 %). Based on NPK-one of the most common in pollination, which contains a biological product based on nitric oxide 17-1 - 80 g / m2 (+15 %). The maximum yield obtained from N90-789 g/ m2 (+51 %), from N45-647 g/m2 (+ 24 %), that is comparable to 17-1 (636 g/m2). The raw protein’s collection increased from the introduction of N90 to 80 % as a result of exposure to nitrogen nutrition, crop production, from the biological products’ usage or N45 - by 25…32 %. The nitrogen fertilizers’ using and biologics positively affected the accumulation of nitrogen consumed in the grain, increasing the nitrogen index (the share of nitrogen accumulated in the grain from its total accumulation in the crop) from 64 % to 71 %, increasing the ammonium nitrate nitrogen’s payback with the grain harvest’s growth by 52 …67 %.
The relationship between the indicators of natural antibodies, total immunoglobulins and immunocompetent blood cells of sheep in the process of post-vaccination immune response
Authors: Ezdakova I. Yu , Kapustina O. V , Grigoriev A. G , Kovaikina V. M
Published: April 2024

Innate immunity plays an important role in protecting the body from pathogenic microorganisms. The significance of its structures in vaccination is currently widely discussed. The purpose of the research was to study the dynamics of immunological parameters during the immune response to various types of vaccines.The paper analyzes the levels of natural antibodies in the blood serum of sheep and considers possible correlations with indicators of innate immunity during the post-vaccination immune response. After blood sampling (background), the animals were immunized with rabies (n=5) and anthrax (n=5) vaccines. On the first day of the immune response in the blood of the sheep of the experimental groups, there was a slight increase in tot- Ig, the number of neutrophils increased, and the number of lymphocytes decreased. It was found that on the seven day the concentration of tot- Ig, which also includes specific antibodies to the antigens of vaccines against rabies and anthrax, increased by 2 times compared to the background values. However, the NAb concentration slightly increased only on the first day of the immune response to the anthrax vaccine. In animals, regardless of the vaccine administered, a negative correlation between the number of lymphocytes and neutrophils was constantly maintained (r= -0.88±0.02). As well as in the control (r= - 0.48), the negative correlation between neutrophils /NAb (r= - 0.52; r= -0.76) remained, which indicates the activation of phagocytes and the synthesis of natural antibodies. On the other hand, a correlation relationship between lymphocytes/NAb was established during the immune response to the vaccine against rabies (r=0.5) and anthrax (r=0.7), and the absence of this relationship in the control (r=0.16), which indicates the reaction of natural antibodies to a foreign antigen. The correlations of lymphocytes /NAb (r=0.7) and lymphocytes/tot- Ig (r=0.8) were higher in the dynamics of the immune response to the anthrax vaccine than to the rabies vaccine (r=0.5). It appears that serum anti- KLH NAbs, which include various Ig isotypes, may re ect innate humoral immune competence.
Physiological and biochemical features of drought resistance of potato plants
Authors: Rozentsvet O. A. , Bogdanova E. S. , Rubtsov S. L. , Bakunov A. L. , Milekhin A. V. , Nesterov V. N.
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the study is to identify the relationship between drought resistance indicators and the yield of potato plants under unfavorable conditions. A xeromorphic leaf structure is considered a diagnostic sign of plant drought resistance. The objects of the study were 24 potato varieties. Planting of seed, pre-planting tillage, harvesting and crop recording were carried out in the period 2020-2022 on the territory of the Samara Research Institute of Agriculture - a branch of the Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Growing conditions for 2021 and 2022 characterized by elevated temperatures and insufficient moisture. The number and size of stomata per unit leaf area were chosen as the criterion for xeromorphism. The studied varieties were divided into two groups (n=12 each) according to the number of stomata. In the first group, the average number of stomata was 26 thousand pcs./cm2 of leaf, and in the second group - 35 thousand pcs. (F=41, p=0.03). More developed structural features of xeromorphism and the accumulation of certain types of metabolites in the second group of varieties led to a 1.6 times greater yield than in the first less xeromorphic group (F=9, p=0.004). The second group was characterized by a large number of mesophyll cells per unit leaf area (584 thousand pieces/cm2 versus 557 thousand pieces), a high content of phospholipids (36 mg/g dry weight versus 31 mg/g), dry weight (0.19 vs. 0.17 g/g wet weight) and the ratio of membrane lipids to membrane proteins (1.4 vs. 1.2). In the less xeromorphic group of plants, the level of oxidative stress, assessed by LPO products, was 0.050 µM/g fresh weight and was 12 % higher than in the more xeromorphic group (F=6, p=0.08). The revealed positive correlation between yield and xeromorphic genotypes indicates the prospects of using this criterion in potato breeding or creating a variety model.
Ecological plasticity, yield and grain quality of various soybean varieties under the conditions of Kursk Region
Authors: Dubovik D. V. , Dubovik E. V. , Shumakov A. V. , Krivosheev S. I.
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the research is to select the most promising soybean varieties for the conditions of the Kursk region, based on the results of an assessment of their environmental stability and plasticity, the level of yield and grain quality. The research was carried out in a field experiment on typical heavy-loamy chernozem (Kursk Region, Kursk District) in 2020-2022. 26 soybean varieties from 5 breeding centers were studied. During the growing season of soybeans, the HTC in 2020 amounted to 0.78, 2021 - 1.20, 2022 - 1.33. It was found that the varieties Farta, Kyoto, Avanta, Sparta, Kofu, Zusha, Shatilovskaya 17, Cassidy (bi=2.01-2.91) were characterized by the greatest ecological plasticity at a yield level of 2.17...2.64 t/ha, and the Bar variety (bi=0.44) was the least, the yield is 1.90 t/ha. Under the conditions of the Kursk region, all the studied varieties demonstrate high ecological stability (Si2= 0.01-0.65) - Elana and Arleta were the most stable (Si2= 0.01). According to the homeostaticity of the varieties, the best were Bara (Hom=14.29), Opus (Hom=10.70), Irbis (Hom=8.58) and Barguzin (Hom=7.65). According to the indicator of agronomic stability, all the studied varieties are suitable for production under the conditions of Kursk Region (As>70 %). The varieties Bara, Opus, Irbis and Barguzin had the greatest agronomic stability (As=98.7-97.1%). On average, over the years of research, among the early-ripening varieties, the highest yield was formed by the Nordic (2.54 t/ha), the lowest by the Cossack (1.93 t/ha). In varieties of medium-early ripeness, the highest grain yield is observed in the Kofu variety (2.61 t/ha). The yield of the other varieties of this group of ripeness (Zusha, Slavia, Kyoto, Cassidy and Amadeus) was lower than that of Kofu by 0.19-0.48 t/ha. In early varieties, the highest protein content in grain was in the Hana variety (45.9%), in the middle early group - from 45.6% in the Amadeus variety. For the conditions of the Kursk region, early varieties of Nordica, Hana, Opus, Osmon are recommended (yield 2.34... 2.54 t/ ha), medium-early varieties - Kyoto, Kofu (2.42...2.61 t /ha), for early harvesting - ultra-ripe Bar variety.
Sensitivity of the causative agent of net blotch of barley (Pyrenophora teres Drechsler) to fungicides
Authors: Volkova G. V. , Yakhnik Ya. V.
Published: April 2024

The research was carried to study the effect of fungicides of various classes on the intrapopulation structure of Pyrenophora teres in terms of sensitivity to toxicants, virulence and racial composition. The work was performed using eight treatment options in different doses (control without fungicide, 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, 100 % (the norm), 125 %, 150 %, 175 %, 200 %) fungicides Magnello, EC (1 l/ha), Capella, M (1 l/ha), Kolosal Pro, MC (0.4 l/ha), Quadris, SC (1.2 l/ha), Amistar Trio, EC (1 l/ha), Orgamika C, L (0.4 l/ha) of plants and introduction to a nutrient medium with a pure culture of P. teres. The racial composition of the populations was determined using an international set of differentiator varieties. When treating plants with fungicides with the norm allowed for use in agriculture, the minimum efficiency values were found in the preparations Quadris, SC (52.3 %), Orgamika C, L (66.8 %), the maximum - Magnello, EC (88.2 %) and Kolosal Pro, MC (97.0 %). The average virulence of the population isolated after Quadris, SC treatment was revealed to be maximum - 3.4 points (at the control level). The greatest racial diversity was found in P. teres populations isolated after treatment with fungicides based on triazoles Magnello, EC (CF=0.10) and strobilurines Quadris, SC (CF=0.10). The maximum intrapopulation heterogeneity was revealed in populations isolated after treatment with fungicides based on triazoles and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens: Kolosal Pro, MC (Sh=2.16), Capella, M (Sh=2.14), Magnello, EC (Sh=2.10)) and Orgamika C, L (Sh=2.12). When introducing the permitted rate of drugs into the pure culture of P. teres, on average, the growth of colonies slowed down from 86.1 % (Quadris, SC) to 100 % (Amistar Trio, EC). Preparations based on strobilurines and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens completely prevented sporulation. The results obtained allow us to conclude that there is a shift in sensitivity to the studied drugs.