bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of a short educational video to improve the accuracy of colorectal polyp morphology assessment: A multicenter randomized controlled study
Authors: Utsumi Takahiro , Horimatsu Takahiro , Nishikawa Yoshitaka , Teramoto Akira , Hirata Daizen , Iwatate Mineo , Tanaka Shinwa , Ikezawa Nobuaki , Esaki Masaya , Osera Shozo , Ebisutani Chikara , Saito Hiroaki , Agatsuma Nobukazu , Hiramatasu Yukiko , Nakanishi Yuki , Sano Yasushi , Seno Hiroshi
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Although accurate assessment of polyp morphology helps endoscopists select the appropriate management for colorectal polyps, some studies have reported unsatisfactory accuracy in such assessment. This study aimed to clarify the usefulness of a short educational video available on the Internet for accurate polyp morphology assessment.

Methods

This was a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Participants were randomly assigned to the pre‐ or post‐education groups after a pre‐test comprising images of 42 polyps, including 12 laterally spreading tumors. Participants who scored ≥ 80% on the pre‐test were excluded. Only the post‐education group completed the diagnostic test after watching an online educational video. The primary outcome was the difference in diagnostic accuracy between the pre‐test and diagnostic tests for each group.

Results

Of the 296 endoscopists enrolled from 48 institutions, 34 missed the test deadline, and 29 who scored ≥ 80% in the pre‐test were excluded. The primary outcome analysis sets were 117 and 116 in the pre‐ and post‐education groups, respectively. The mean pre‐test accuracies in the pre‐education and post‐education groups were 60.6% and 60.7%, respectively. The difference in diagnostic accuracy between the pre‐test and diagnostic test was significantly higher in the post‐education than the pre‐education group (12.0 points, 95% confidence interval [CI] 9.9–14.1 and 2.3 points, 95% CI 0.9–3.6; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

This multicenter randomized controlled trial demonstrated the usefulness of a short educational video for accurate polyp morphology assessment.
Association Between TyG‐BMI Index and Hyperuricemia in Adult Women
Authors: Mutailipu Kelibinuer , Guo Junwei , Yin Jiajing , Wang Yue , Lu Liesheng , Jia Xuyang , Zhang Jie , Qu Shen , Chen Haibing , Bu Le
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aimed to explore the relationship between hyperuricemia (HUA), the triglyceride‐glucose index (TyG) and its derivatives in adult women.

Methods

A cross‐sectional analysis was conducted on 1105 female patients from Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital. Participants were divided into HUA (n = 331) and non‐HUA (n = 774) groups. Clinical and laboratory data were collected, and indices such as body mass index (BMI), TyG and TyG‐BMI were calculated. Statistical analyses included univariate and multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results

The HUA group showed higher BMI, blood pressure and metabolic parameters. TyG, TyG‐BMI and BMI were positively correlated with uric acid levels. ROC analysis revealed that TyG‐BMI (AUC = 0.877) had better predictive power for HUA than TyG (AUC = 0.829) or BMI (AUC = 0.867). Multivariate analysis showed TyG‐BMI and BMI as independent predictors, with women in the highest quartiles having a 3.111‐fold and 2.779‐fold higher risk for HUA, respectively.

Conclusion

TyG‐BMI is the most effective predictor of HUA in women, surpassing TyG and BMI alone. It offers a practical tool for early identification and intervention in women at risk of HUA.
A Multivariate Approach for Modeling Spatio‐Temporal Agrometeorological Variables
Authors: De Iaco Sandra , Cappello Claudia , Palma Monica , Nordhausen Klaus
Published: February 2025

One of the main issues facing agrometeorological studies involves measuring and modeling the evolution of different environmental variables over time; this often requires a dense monitoring network. Spatio‐temporal geostatistics has the potential to provide techniques and tools to estimate the spatio‐temporal multiple covariance function and define an appropriate multivariate correlation function capable of reliable predictions. This paper presents a spatio‐temporal multivariate geostatistical modeling approach based on the joint diagonalization of the empirical covariance matrix evaluated at different spatio‐temporal lags. The possibility to consider a reduced number of uncorrelated variables (lower than the number of observed variables) and separately model the spatio‐temporal evolution of these uncorrelated components represents a substantial simplification for multivariate modeling. A space–time linear coregionalization model (ST‐LCM) with appropriate parametric models for the latent components was fitted to the matrix‐valued covariance function estimated for five relevant agrometeorological variables, including evapotranspiration, minimum and maximum humidity, maximum temperature, and precipitation. The analyses highlight how to identify space–time components and choose the corresponding model by evaluating some characteristics of these components, such as symmetry, separability, and type of non‐separability. The predictive results of this multivariate study will be of interest for agriculture, in particular for addressing drought emergencies.
Investigating the Effect of Maltodextrins and Degree of Polymerization on Individual Complex Carbohydrate Taste Sensitivity
Authors: Hartley Claudia , Keast Russell S. J. , Bredie Wender L. P.
Published: February 2025

Research shows that complex carbohydrates (maltodextrins) can be perceived in the oral cavity independent of sweet taste. However, little is known about individual differences in complex carbohydrate taste sensitivity. Therefore, the relationship between complex carbohydrate structure and individual complex carbohydrate taste sensitivity requires further investigation. This study investigated individual taste sensitivity among adults for maltodextrins with different degrees of polymerization. Participants (n = 37) (BMI (kg/m2): 24.29 ± 1.06, age (years): 30.32 ± 1.24) taste perception and oral sensitivity for sour (citric acid), sweet (glucose), and complex carbohydrate (mixture of short chain maltodextrins (SCM, average DP 6) and mixture of long chain maltodextrin (LCM, average DP 20)) were assessed using taste assessment measures (detection threshold (DT) and suprathreshold intensity perception (ST)). Taste assessment measures were performed in a randomized, repeated, blinded design. There were significant correlations between LCM DT, SCM DT, Sour DT, and Sweet DT (all p < 0.01). There were further significant correlations between LCM ST, SCM ST and Sweet ST (all p < 0.01) and between SCM ST, Sweet ST and Sour ST (all p < 0.01). There was a significant effect of sex on DT ranking values (p = 0.050). For the majority of participants, complex carbohydrate sensitivity status did not change according to chain length. This study strengthens existing research that complex carbohydrates can be perceived in the oral cavity and highlighted that for the majority, maltodextrin chain length does not influence complex carbohydrate taste sensitivity (specifically DT and ST).
Chemogenetic Control of Striatal Astrocytes Improves Parkinsonian Motor Deficits in Mice
Authors: Evans Wesley R. , Baskar Sindhuja S. , Vellore Angelica , Costa Ana Raquel Castro E. , Jacob Cynthia , Ravoori Sanya , Arigbe Abimbola , Huda Rafiq
Published: February 2025

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic nigrostriatal inputs, which causes striatal network dysfunction and leads to pronounced motor deficits. Recent evidence highlights astrocytes as a potential local source for striatal neuromodulation. There is substantial evidence for norepinephrine‐mediated recruitment of cortical astrocyte activity during movement and locomotion. However, it is unclear how astrocytes in the striatum, a region devoid of norepinephrine neuromodulatory inputs, respond during locomotion. Moreover, it remains unknown how dopamine loss affects striatal astrocyte activity and whether astrocyte activity regulates behavioral deficits in PD. We addressed these questions by performing astrocyte‐specific calcium recordings and manipulations using in vivo fiber photometry and chemogenetics. We find that locomotion elicits astrocyte calcium activity over a slower timescale than neurons. Acute pharmacological blockade of dopamine receptors only moderately reduced locomotion‐related astrocyte activity. Yet, unilateral dopamine depletion significantly attenuated astrocyte calcium responses. Chemogenetic stimulation of Gi‐coupled receptors partially improved this functional astrocyte deficit in dopamine‐lesioned mice. In parallel, chemogenetic manipulation restored asymmetrical motor deficits and moderately improved open‐field exploratory behavior. Together, our results establish a novel role for functional striatal astrocyte signaling in modulating motor function in PD and highlight non‐neuronal targets for potential PD therapeutics.
Neutrophil‐to‐Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Dialysis Timing & Prognosis in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Nashwan Abdulqadir J. , Othman Mutaz I. , Ananthegowda Dore C. , Singh Kalpana , Ibraheem Anas , Janardhanan Jayesh P. , Alikutty Jamsheer P. , Othman Muftah A. , Hamad Abdullah I. , Khatib Mohamad Y. , Abujaber Ahmad A.
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims

The neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a cost‐effective indicator of inflammation, which may impact decisions regarding therapy for patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), even with ongoing clinical arguments. This study aimed to examine the correlation between NLR and the prognosis of critically ill patients undergoing CRRT, specifically about mortality and morbidity. Additionally, the study sought to assess NLR's potential as a prognostic indicator for CRRT initiation.

Methods

Data were retrospectively analyzed from 175 critically ill patients who received CRRT. Clinical factors and biochemical markers were compared between survivors and non‐survivors at admission, before CRRT, and at 24 and 72 h post‐CRRT initiation.

Results

Elevated NLR levels were significantly associated with increased in‐hospital mortality. Neutrophil counts showed statistical significance across all measurement points, while NLR and lymphocyte counts were significant only on the third day of CRRT (p 0.001 and 0.011, respectively). Non‐survivors had higher NLR values than survivors and experienced shorter hospital stays (median 22 vs. 44 days for survivors, p < 0.001). Patients with higher baseline NLR values also had more complications.

Conclusions

The NLR shows potential as a prognostic predictor for mortality in CRRT patients. Its integration into clinical practice could enhance patient care and treatment timing, and further studies should validate its clinical utility.
Effects of Expiratory Muscle Strength Training on Swallowing in Survivors of Critical Illness: A Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Skurok Philip , Johnston Brian W. , Brown Emma , Timothy Caroline , Morse Christopher , Turton Peter
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims

Post Extubation Dysphagia (PED) is a common consequence of mechanical ventilation. Muscular weakness and atrophy are potential causes. Expiratory Muscle Strength Training (EMST) is a technique whereby a subject exhales against a resistance, strengthening the muscles of expiration. There is evidence that EMST causes activation and hypertrophy of the muscles of swallowing, with clinical evidence that it improves swallowing in certain populations. The aim of this systematic review is to collate the existing literature concerning evaluation of swallowing after extubation, and whether EMST positively affects these measures.

Methods

We will perform a systematic review of the literature by searching electronic databases (Pubmed, Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library), for articles where EMST has been performed (alone or in conjunction with inspiratory muscle training), in patients who have been liberated from a period of mechanical ventilation. We will identify studies that evaluate swallowing after extubation, listing the methods used to evaluate swallowing and data will be extracted from studies evaluating the impact EMST has on these measures.

Results

We will undertake meta‐analysis if data permits. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Risk of Bias 2 tool or the Newcastle Ottawa Score for randomized and non‐randomized trials. We will use The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to assess the quality of evidence.

Conclusion

The results of this systematic review will enable us to assess the current literature on the use of EMST in critical care, and whether the intervention improves swallowing and respiratory outcomes.

Trial Registration: PROSPERO registration: 42023444479.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Schistosoma mansoni and Other Intestinal Helminthes Co‐Infection Among Malaria Positive Patients in Malaria Endemic Areas of Northeast, Ethiopia: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Metaferia Yeshi , Seid Abdurahaman , Fenta Genet Molla , Weldehanna Daniel Gebretsadik , Adamu Aderaw , Gedefie Alemu
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims

Schistosoma mansoni and malaria share a similar epidemiological distribution or co‐endemicity. Co‐infection are a global public health burden where epidemiological evidence is crucial to taking evidence‐based intervention. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of Schistosoma mansoni and other intestinal Helminthes co‐infection among malaria positive patients in malaria endemic areas of Northeast Ethiopia.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted from September 2018 to June 2019 among randomly recruited 145 microscopically confirmed malaria patients in Kemisse and Chefa Robit, Northeast Ethiopia. A pre‐tested semi‐structured questionnaire was used for sociodemographic and other risk factor data; blood samples for malaria microscopy and stool samples for S. mansoni and other intestinal Helminthes examinations were collected from each participant. STATA 17 was used for analysis. Chi‐square and Fishers' exact test were used as required. The internal consistency and model good ness of fitness test were checked using Cronbach's alpha and Hosmer‐Lemshow test, respectively. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression model was used for analysis. Finally, variables with p < 0.05, their AOR and their 95% Confidence Intervals were considered statistically significant.

Results

A total of 145 patients with malaria were included in this study of which 11.3% and 49.0% respectively had poly and mono infections. From all malaria confirmed patients, 29.7% were positive for S. mansoni, which was significantly associated with pervious intestinal helminthic infection, history of swimming and fishing participants who lives near to river and having a history of crossing river by their legs without shoe. Moreover, compared with students; farmers merchants and housewives were found to be highly affected.

Conclusions

The co‐endemicity of S. mansoni and malaria in the current study was considerably high. Further study is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms of interaction between malaria and S. mansoni with larger sample size.
Combined Flow and Temperature Nonuniformity in Compact Cross‐Flow Three‐Fluid Heat Exchangers
Authors: Aasi Harpreet K. , Mishra Manish
Published: February 2025

Cryogenic processes often involve the heat interaction of multiple fluids and are highly sensitive to even minor variations in operating conditions. Hence, flow and temperature nonuniformity adversely impact the performance of thermal systems, and their combined occurrence can be especially detrimental. The transient response and thermal effectivity of a cross‐flow three‐fluid heat exchanger are investigated while considering the flow and temperature nonuniformity at the inlet section. Four modes of combined flow and temperature nonuniformity are opted, which replicates the pragmatic situation existing in the working of heat exchangers, and the effectivity of the thermal system is evaluated by its alignment with the uniform flow mode. Flow nonuniformity is implicated in both the inlet section and within the core all along with the effect of fluid back mixing. The “Dankwert's” boundary condition is specifically used to account for the effects of axial dispersion within the fluids. The model incorporates longitudinal heat conduction in partition walls, with the “finite difference method” employed to solve the partial differential equations. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first attempt to analyze both the transient response and effectivity of three‐fluid heat exchangers under combined flow and temperature nonuniformity. It is learned that thermal effectivity is degraded by 31.5% and enhanced by 1% under flow nonuniformity mode QPQ and temperature nonuniformity mode 1 respectively. Under the combined mode of both, the effectivity settles down somewhere amid both and is found to be degraded by 8%. The higher NTU comes up with a sharp peak in temperature distribution, which makes the core more prone to cracks.
p16/ki‐67 dual stain triage of individuals positive for HPV to detect cervical precancerous lesions
Authors: Harper Diane M. , Paczos Tamera , Ridder Ruediger , Huh Warner K.
Published: February 2025

p16/Ki‐67 dual stain is a biomarker‐based test that can identify oncogenic transformation in cervical cells with higher sensitivity than cervical cytology, using the same samples taken for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing and liquid‐based cytology. Dual stain is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for triage of women with positive results by primary HPV testing or by HPV/cytology co‐testing and has recently been incorporated into management guidelines. In this review, we summarize the data showing the utility of dual stain in detecting precancers, reducing the number of unnecessary colposcopies, and reassuring women who test negative. We also discuss the implications of dual stain for future treatment practice and health economics.
A successful case of urinary rediversion from a complicated cutaneous ureterostomy to a new ileal conduit
Authors: Tashiro Yu , Yamazaki Mami , Katsunaga Yasuaki , Takeuchi Go , Nagayama Satoshi , Shichiri Yasumasa , Ito Masaaki
Published: February 2025

Introduction

A ureteral stricture often develops after a cutaneous ureterostomy and can lead to complicated situations in some cases.

Case presentation

We performed surgery on a 54‐year‐old man who required routine replacement of a ureteral stent every 2 weeks after cystectomy. We surgically converted his cutaneous ureterostomy into a new ileal conduit. Following the surgery, his ureteral stent was removed, allowing him to resume his social activities.

Conclusion

We reported the possibility of urinary rediversion as a treatment option for a complicated cutaneous ureterostomy patient.
Methodology for the Definition Of a Space Vehicle Display System
Authors: Arntz Neil J.
Published: February 2025

A methodology is presented for a systems approach to the definition of a display system for space vehicles. The mission objectives and the role of the man in the mission are used as the basis for examining display requirements.

A screening activity is used to identify and categorize all parameters to be displayed in terms of why the parameter is needed and to establish the characteristics of the parameters in each of these categories. The screening process results in the grouping of all parameters into three major categories. These are then divided into additional subcategories by considering parameter “use.” The characteristics of the parameters are examined to match similar parameters to alternate methods of display.

Three functional alternates for displaying parameters are identified: individual, time‐shared, and integrated. These are developed and their characteristics are identified. Each of the categories of parameters is, with the use of a “best‐fit matrix,” traded against these three alternates to determine which best fits the display needs of that category.

The characteristics of the parameters of each category are also used as constraints for the design‐approach trade study. The activity of displaying information to the crew is given consideration in the design‐approach trade in three steps: parameter accessing, parameter processing, and parameter presentation. The design‐approach trade is conducted on a system‐effectiveness basis by generating parametric data with weight, volume, cost, etc., used as trade considerations.

A centerline design approach is selected and defined on a display system basis. The results provide a basis for the equipment configuration definition.
The relative legibility of Leroy and Lincoln/Mitre alphanumeric symbols
Authors: Showman Diana J.
Published: February 2025

The legibility of standard Leroy alphanumeric symbols was compared with that of a new font, the Lincoln/Mitre (L/M) font. Legibility was tested by having human subjects attempt to identify the symbols when shown one at a time for a brief exposure period. The L/M font was found to be more legible than the Leroy. It is recommended that the L/M font be used in solidstroke displays, and that it be tested for different types of displays.
Visual simulation
Authors: Kaestner Paul T.
Published: February 2025

When generating a display from a scale model for the realistic presentation of a view as seen from an aircraft or spacecraft, compromises with the real life situation are inevitable. These occur both in the initial imaging lens and in the final display. Factors such as resolution, light intensity and true perspective influence the imaging characteristics, while problems of parallax and image brightness limit the realism of the display. Fortunately, the choice of the compromises provides acceptable performance for most simulation systems. A typical simulation system is described and illustrated.
Using Interactive Graphics for Fighter Pilot Training
Authors: Kinsella Kevin J. , Matthews Andrew J.
Published: February 2025

The use of interactive computer graphics promises to revolutionize the military's system of training fighter pilots for combat and save millions of tax dollars at the same time. The Navy has recently contracted with Cubic Corporation of San Diego to provide a new all‐electronic system, called the Air Combat Maneuvering Range (ACMR). Adage Inc. in Boston is subcontracted to provide the display facilities which include a “threedimensional,” real‐time CRT display of air combat maneuvers and accompanying dynamic data on interactive graphics terminals. The display system accepts a threedimensional image description, in this case the maneuvering range and aircraft within it, and displays it as a precise drawing from any viewing orientation, scale and position. The perception of dimensionality is aided by intensity depth cuing and aircraft scaling; and aircraft closer to the observer, at any viewing orientation, is brighter and larger than one further away. The display will permit an air‐combat instructor on the ground to view tactical dog‐fights with simulated missile firings from almost any vantage point by a flick of his wrist; will cut down the hardware expense of practice missile firings at drone targets; will give the pilot much more missile‐firing practice through simulation and will immensely aid flight‐test range safety officers in their efforts to identify and repair aircraft which have suffered damage as the result of undue strain. This paper describes the implementation of the real‐time graphical display system developed by Adage.
Metabolic Profiling of Brain Tissue and Brain‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Hernandez Patricia , Rackles Elisabeth , Alboniga Oihane E. , Martínez‐Lage Pablo , Camacho Emma N. , Onaindia Arantza , Fernandez Manuel , Talamillo Ana , Falcon‐Perez Juan M.
Published: February 2025

Alzheimer´s disease (AD) is the most frequent neurodegenerative disorder in the world and is characterised by the loss of memory and other cognitive functions. Metabolic changes associated with AD are important players in the development of the disease. However, the mechanism underlying these changes is still unknown. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano‐sized particles that play an important role in regulating pathophysiological processes and are a non‐invasive manner to obtain information of the cell that is secreting them. The analysis of brain‐derived EVs (bdEVs) will provide new insights in the metabolic processes associated with AD. To characterize bdEVs in AD, we optimised a method to isolate them from tissue of different brain regions, obtaining the highest enrichment in isolations from the temporal cortex. We performed unbiased untargeted metabolomics analysis on post‐mortem human temporal cortex tissue and bdEVs from the same region of AD patients and healthy controls. Both, univariate and multivariate statistical analysis were used to determine the metabolites that influence the separation between AD patients and controls. Interestingly, a clear separation between control and AD groups was obtained with bdEVs, which allowed to select 12 relevant features by a validated PLS‐DA model. Furthermore, comparison of tissue and bdEVs identified 68 common features. The pathway enrichment analysis of the common metabolites showed that the alanine, aspartate and glutamate pathway and the arginine, phenylalanine, tyrosine pathway were the most significant ones in the separation between the AD patients and controls. The phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan pathway, still had a very high influence in the separation between groups, albeit not significant. Notably, some metabolites were identified for the first time in bdEVs. For example, the N‐acetyl aspartic acid (NAA) metabolite present in bdEVs was suitable to differentiate AD patients from healthy controls. Furthermore, the analysis of the hippocampus, midbrain, temporal and entorhinal cortex and their respective bdEVs indicated that the metabolic profiles of different brain areas were distinct and showed some correlation between the metabolome of the tissue and its respective bdEVs. Thus, our study highlights the potential of bdEVs to understand the metabolic fingerprint associated with AD and their potential use as diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
Do family physicians develop ambiguity tolerance as they gain experience? A multicenter cross‐sectional study
Authors: Fujikawa Hirohisa , Aoki Takuya , Ando Takayuki , Haruta Junji
Published: February 2025

Background

Ambiguity tolerance is important because it contributes to both better patient care and physician well‐being. Although a recent study showed that family physicians have greater ambiguity tolerance than non‐family physicians, the question of when family physicians develop tolerance remains unanswered. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the associations between the number of postgraduate years (PGYs) and ambiguity tolerance.

Methods

This was a nationwide cross‐sectional study involving family physicians in 14 residency programs throughout Japan. Ambiguity tolerance was assessed as the primary outcome using the Japanese version of the Tolerance for Ambiguity in Medical Students and Doctors scale. Secondary outcomes were burnout and work engagement, assessed using the Japanese version of the Burnout Assessment Tool and the ultra‐short version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, respectively.

Results

173 family physicians were included in the analysis. Physicians of PGY ≥7 had significantly greater ambiguity tolerance and lower burnout risk than those of PGY 3–6. Physicians of PGY 7–20 had significantly higher work engagement than those of PGY 3–6.

Conclusions

Family medicine resident physicians may be vulnerable for the duration of the residency program, although they may develop ambiguity tolerance and improve well‐being over the course of the program. Supervisors in family medicine residency programs should examine the learning environment of their program, considering the vulnerability of their trainees.
Acute Intermittent Theta‐Burst Stimulation Produces Antidepressant‐Like Effects by Modulating Neuronal Oscillations and Serotonin Levels of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Experimental Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Wang Yixuan , Liu Jian , Hui Yanping , Wu Zhongheng , Wu Xiang , Bai Yihua , Li Jing , Zhang Lei , Liu Kuncheng , Zhang Qiaojun , Li Libo
Published: February 2025

Parkinson's disease (PD)‐related depression is associated with aberrant neuronal oscillations and 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) neurotransmission in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Intermittent theta‐burst stimulation (iTBS), an updated pattern of high‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, has possible efficacy in PD‐related depression. However, whether iTBS alleviates PD‐related depression through modulating neuronal oscillations and 5‐HT levels in the mPFC has not been determined. In this study, male Sprague–Dawley rats were used to establish a unilateral 6‐hydroxydopamine‐induced PD model. Then, acute iTBS was applied to the parkinsonian rats, and behavioral, neurochemical, and electrophysiological experiments were performed. We found that the parkinsonian rats exhibited increased immobility time and decreased sucrose preference accompanied by an increase of δ power and a decrease of θ power in the mPFC compared to sham‐operated rats. One block of iTBS (1 block‐iTBS, 300 stimuli) alleviated depressive‐like behaviors in parkinsonian rats and elevated 5‐HT levels in the mPFC compared to sham‐iTBS. Additionally, it altered neuronal oscillations in the mPFC in the opposite fashion by suppressing the δ rhythm and enhancing the θ and β rhythms compared to sham‐iTBS, suggesting that acute iTBS induces hyperactivity in the mPFC. With this iTBS paradigm, we also observed decreased parvalbumin expression in the mPFC, reflecting reduced cortical inhibition. Finally, correlation analyses showed strong correlation between immobility time and θ power after 1 block‐iTBS. These findings suggest that the application of acute iTBS in parkinsonian rats produces antidepressant‐like effects, which may be associated with elevated 5‐HT levels and normalized neuronal oscillations in the mPFC.
Catheter ablation using pulsed‐field energy: Advantages and limitations compared with conventional energy
Authors: Kuroki Kenji , Tada Hiroshi
Published: February 2025

Atrial fibrillation (AF) poses significant risks of heart failure and stroke, emphasizing effective treatment. Catheter ablation using thermal energy sources, such as radiofrequency or cryoballoon ablation, has shown greater success in maintaining sinus rhythm compared with drug therapy. However, thermal ablation (TA) is associated with serious complications, such as atrial‐esophageal fistula, phrenic nerve palsy, and pulmonary vein stenosis. Pulsed‐field ablation (PFA) is an emerging ablation energy source that uses electroporation to selectively target cardiac tissue while sparing adjacent structures such as nerves and blood vessels. Two randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that PFA is comparable to TA in both efficacy and safety at a 1‐year follow‐up and had shorter procedure times. A review of six meta‐analyses consistently showed shorter procedural times for PFA across all studies. Additionally, three out of the four recent studies with large samples reported lower recurrence rates with PFA. Regarding complication rates, four out of four studies showed lower incidences of phrenic nerve injury with PFA, and two out of three studies reported lower rates of esophageal injury with PFA. However, four out of four studies indicated higher incidences of cardiac tamponade with PFA, highlighting the need for caution among early‐career operators. Furthermore, careful monitoring is required considering the possible unforeseen complications specific to PFA and the lack of long‐term follow‐up data. Despite these concerns, PFA shows promise as a safer, more effective, and efficient alternative to TA for AF, particularly as operator experience and device technology continue to advance.
A familial early‐onset Crohn's disease‐based testing of a small bowel versus colonic location‐associated discovery gene network
Authors: Watson Ashleigh , Harris R. Alan , Oezguen Numan , Kellermayer Richard
Published: February 2025

What is Known

IBD has a complex, polygenic genetic origin with multiple susceptibility genes.

We recently reported candidate gene networks may direct disease location between small bowel‐predominant Crohn's disease (SB‐CD, L4b) or colon‐predominant CD (C‐CD, L2 and/or colon‐predominant L3).

What is New?

Exome sequencing in a unique family refined CD location‐specific networks: SB‐CD: SVEP1, DSG1 SNPs were most discriminatory.

C‐CD: ACACB, PDCD6IP SNPs were most discriminatory.
A Case of Anti‐TNFα Therapies Induced Lupus Panniculitis Successfully Improved With a JAK Inhibitor (Baricitinib)
Authors: Grechin Cristina , Doheny Jane , Pilson Keith , Howard Donough , Roche Muireann
Published: February 2025

Lupus erythematosus panniculitis (LEP) is a rare variant of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (1%–3% of CLE). There are two case reports to date in the literature of LEP potentially triggered by anti‐TNF‐α therapies. Clinically, it is characterised by tender, erythematous subcutaneous indurated nodules or plaques on fatty body areas. It can occur frequently alone or in combination with systemic erythematous lupus or discoid lupus. The pathogenic mechanism of anti‐TNF‐α therapies induced lupus panniculitis is not well understood. Our case report and literature review highlight that anti‐TNF‐α therapies can induce lupus panniculitis, especially in the rheumatoid arthritis cohort of patients.
Pain‐related fear induces aberrant drop jump landing biomechanics in healthy and anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed females
Authors: Dudley Robert I. , Lohman Everett B. , Gharibvand Lida , Patterson Christopher S.
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a prevalent and debilitating injury typically arising from aberrant biomechanics during landing or deceleration tasks. Pain‐related fear, a component of kinesiophobia, has been associated with poor functional outcomes and altered movement patterns in individuals with ACL reconstruction (ACLr), however, the influence of pain‐related fear on landing mechanics remains unclear. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of pain‐related fear on landing movement patterns in a population of ACLr and healthy females.

Methods

Thirty‐two females (15 recreationally active with a history of ACLr and 17 recreationally active with no history of ACLr) took part. Participants performed five trials of a drop jump (DJ) task (Baseline), underwent a pain stimulus (PS) familiarization task utilizing an electrical stimulus to induce pain‐related fear, and performed a subsequent round of DJs while under threat of PS (PS‐threat). Lower extremity and trunk kinematics, ground reaction force (GRF) data and muscle activation were analyzed.

Results

At baseline, ACLr participants scored higher (21 ± 5.5) on the TSK‐11 compared to healthy participants (17 ± 3.4) (p = 0.007). For both groups, the PS intervention significantly increased pain‐related fear (ACLr p < 0.001; Healthy p < 0.001). When comparing baseline to PS‐threat trials, ACLr participants experienced a significant increase in peak GRF (p = 0.005), decreases in hip (p = 0.003) and knee (p = 0.005) flexion, decreased contact time (p = 0.006) and decreased muscle preactivation for all muscles tested (p < 0.05). Healthy participants experienced significant increases in peak GRF (p = 0.014) and decreased hip (p = 0.005) and trunk peak (p = 0.004) flexion.

Conclusions

Pain‐related fear alters landing biomechanics in healthy and ACLr females. This may implicate pain‐related fear as a contributor to movement alterations commonly associated with ACL injury risk.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
High‐Bit‐Efficiency TOPS Optical Tensor Convolutional Accelerator Using Microcombs
Authors: Chen Shifan , Zheng Yixuan , Xu Yifu , Zhu Xiaotian , Huang Sirui , Wang Shuai , Xu Xiaoyan , Xia Chengzhuo , Liu Zhihui , Huang Chaoran , Morandotti Roberto , Chu Sai T. , Little Brent E. , Liu Yuyang , Bai Yunping , Moss David J. , Xu Xingyuan , Xu Kun
Published: February 2025

Tensor convolution is a fundamental operation in convolutional neural networks, especially for processing tensors, which are prevalent in real‐world applications. Current methods often convert tensor convolutions into matrix multiplications, leading to data replication, additional memory usage and increased hardware complexity. Here, a high‐bit‐efficiency optical tensor convolution accelerator with reduced data redundancy and lower memory consumption is presented. The bit‐efficiency of the optical tensor convolution accelerator is first explored, significantly improving its effective computing power by utilizing the spatial dimension. Consequently, the optical tensor convolutional accelerator operates at speeds exceeding 3 Tera Operations Per Second (TOPS)—the fastest single‐kernel optical convolutional accelerator to date, to the best of authors' knowledge. Its performance is validated on handwritten digit recognition and histopathologic cancer detection tasks, achieving 93.8% and 77% accuracy, respectively, closely matching in‐silico results. This approach simultaneously multiplexes the physical dimensions—wavelength, time, and space—and leverages the parallelism and high throughput of light, enabling efficient optical processing of tensor data with significant computational power.
Multimodality Brain Imaging Markers in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Subtypes and Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Pillai Kanchana Soman , Rajeswari Parvathy , Kamble Ravindra B. , Gopalan Nair Santhamma Shagos , Chacko Manas , Jayakrishnan Vijay , Ramachandran Ranjini , Avarachan Ayana , Kishore Asha
Published: February 2025

Background

The new classification of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) subtypes necessitates identifying radiological biomarkers to support the clinical diagnosis.

Objective

The goal was to test if magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) morphometry, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI), or [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (18FFDG)‐positron emission tomography (PET) differentiates PSP subtypes from each other or Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods

Midbrain/pons (M/P) area ratio, middle/superior cerebellar peduncle (MCP/SCP) width ratio, magnetic resonance parkinsonism indices (MRPI and MRPI2) and midbrain antero‐posterior (AP) diameter were measured. Region of interest‐based DTI, SWI, and 18FFDG‐PET analyses were performed.

Results

Four PSP subtypes (n = 85) and 24 PD were studied. MRI morphometry and DTI could differentiate PSP‐Richardson syndrome (PSP‐RS) from PSP‐parkinsonism, PSP‐postural instability, and PD (area under curve >0.7). SWI did not differentiate among PSP subtypes or PD. 18FFDG‐PET distinguished PSP from PD.

Conclusions

MRI morphometry and DTI differentiated PSP‐RS from the other common PSP subtypes and PD and may be tested as a radiological marker of PSP‐RS in larger studies.
MPRAGElike: A novel approach to generate T1w images from multi‐contrast gradient echo images for brain segmentation
Authors: Fortin Marc‐Antoine , Stirnberg Rüdiger , Völzke Yannik , Lamalle Laurent , Pracht Eberhard , Löwen Daniel , Stöcker Tony , Goa Pål Erik
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Brain segmentation and multi‐parameter mapping (MPM) are important steps in neurodegenerative disease characterization. However, acquiring both a high‐resolution T1w sequence like MPRAGE (standard input to brain segmentation) and an MPM in the same neuroimaging protocol increases scan time and patient discomfort, making it difficult to combine both in clinical examinations.

Methods

A novel approach to synthesize T1w images from MPM images, named MPRAGElike, is proposed and compared to the standard technique used to produce synthetic MPRAGE images (synMPRAGE). Twenty‐three healthy subjects were scanned with the same imaging protocol at three different 7T sites using universal parallel transmit RF pulses. SNR, CNR, and automatic brain segmentation results from both MPRAGElike and synMPRAGE were compared against an acquired MPRAGE.

Results

The proposed MPRAGElike technique produced higher SNR values than synMPRAGE for all regions evaluated while also having higher CNR values for subcortical structures. MPRAGE was still the image with the highest SNR values overall. For automatic brain segmentation, MPRAGElike outperformed synMPRAGE when compared to MPRAGE (median Dice Similarity Coefficient of 0.90 versus 0.29 and Average Asymmetric Surface Distance of 0.33 versus 2.93 mm, respectively), in addition to being simple, flexible, and considerably more robust to low image quality than synMPRAGE.

Conclusion

The MPRAGElike technique can provide a better and more reliable alternative to synMPRAGE as a substitute for MPRAGE, especially when automatic brain segmentation is of interest and scan time is limited.
In vitro α–Glucosidase Inhibition, Cytotoxicity, SAR, Swiss ADME Prediction and Molecular Docking Study of New N–Substituted Hydantoin Derivatives
Authors: Tshiluka Ndivhuwo R. , Mbedzi Dakalo T. , Bvumbi Mpelegeng V. , Mnyakeni‐Moleele Simon S.
Published: February 2025

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder affecting about 463 million people globally. α‐Glucosidase (EC.3.2.1.20) inhibitors are among the FDA‐approved oral anti‐diabetic medications used to treat type 2 diabetes. In search of new potential α‐glucosidase inhibitors, fifteen of our previously synthesized hydantoin derivatives 8 a–o were evaluated for their antidiabetic activity. All compounds 8 a–o showed weak α‐glucosidase inhibition at 10, 50 and 100 μM. However, at 200 μM, compound 8 o was the most potent among the series followed by compounds 8 a, 8 d, 8 l and 8 n exhibiting moderate inhibition. The established SAR depended upon the exchange of methyl with methoxy and dioxole derivatives at positions 3 and 4 of the phenyl ring. Cytotoxicity studies revealed that most of the compounds have no cytotoxic effect. Furthermore, Swiss ADME predictions of compounds 8 a, 8 d, 8 i, 8 l and 8 o showed high gastrointestinal intestinal absorption required for intestinal absorption of any drug. Most compounds did not obey drug‐likeness character since they violated Ghose and Veber rules with MW>350 and rotors>11. Molecular docking was carried out to investigate the binding interaction of compounds with the active site of α‐glucosidase. The results correlated well with those of the experimental, thereby contributing towards the development of new α‐glucosidase inhibitors.
Progress in Aptamer Research and Future Applications
Authors: Liu Song , Li Xiaolu , Gao Huyang , Chen Jing , Jiang Hongfeng
Published: February 2025

Aptamers are short, single‐stranded DNA, RNA or synthetic XNA molecules that bind to target molecules with high specificity and affinity. These intrinsically structured RNA or DNA oligonucleotides are not only substitutes for antibodies, but also show great potential for applications in diagnostics, specific drug delivery, and treatment of certain diseases. While the process of aptamer identification and its core functional mechanism known as systematic evolution of exponentially enriched ligands (SELEX), SELEX involves a number of single processes, each contributing to the success or failure of aptamer generation. Today, aptamers are widely used to facilitate basic research discoveries and clinical diagnostics. In addition, aptamers play a promising role as clinical diagnostic and therapeutic agents. This review provides recent advances in this rapidly growing field of research, with special emphasis on aptamer generation and screening, small molecule aptamers, the development of aptamer applications, and applications in clinical medicine. And it also discusses the problems that still exist today with aptamers.
Evaluating the Accuracy of Responses by Large Language Models for Information on Disease Epidemiology
Authors: Zhu Kexin , Zhang Jiajie , Klishin Anton , Esser Mario , Blumentals William A. , Juhaeri Juhaeri , Jouquelet‐Royer Corinne , Sinnott Sarah‐Jo
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Accurate background epidemiology of diseases are required in pharmacoepidemiologic research. We evaluated the performance of large language models (LLMs), including ChatGPT‐3.5, ChatGPT‐4, and Google Bard, when prompted with questions on disease frequency.

Methods

A total of 21 questions on the prevalence and incidence of common and rare diseases were developed and submitted to each LLM twice on different dates. Benchmark data were obtained from literature searches targeting “gold‐standard” references (e.g., government statistics, peer‐reviewed articles). Accuracy was evaluated by comparing LLMs' responses to the benchmark data. Consistency was determined by comparing the responses to the same query submitted on different dates. The relevance and authenticity of references were evaluated.

Results

Three LLMs generated 126 responses. In ChatGPT‐4, 76.2% of responses were accurate, which was higher compared to 50.0% in Bard and 45.2% in ChatGPT‐3.5. ChatGPT‐4 exhibited higher consistency (71.4%) than Bard (57.9%) or ChatGPT‐3.5 (46.7%). ChatGPT‐4 provided 52 references with 27 (51.9%) providing relevant information, and all were authentic. Only 9.2% (10/109) of references from Bard were relevant. Of 65/109 unique references, 67.7% were authentic, 7.7% provided insufficient information for access, 10.8% provided inaccurate citation, and 13.8% were non‐existent/fabricated. ChatGPT‐3.5 did not provide any references.

Conclusions

ChatGPT‐4 outperformed in retrieving information on disease epidemiology compared to Bard and ChatGPT‐3.5. However, all three LLMs presented inaccurate responses, including irrelevant, incomplete, or fabricated references. Such limitations preclude the utility of the current forms of LLMs in obtaining accurate disease epidemiology by researchers in the pharmaceutical industry, in academia, or in the regulatory setting.