bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Biodegradation of Methylene Blue Dye by Enterobacter cloacae Strain BHPGT2024
Authors: Ramakrishnan Gnanasekaran , Gujjula Koteswara Reddy , Al Sai Sree Thanay , Jagarlapudi Sesha Bhavana , Tummalacharla Praveen , Kosuri Priyanka Hutha , Govind Geya , Shaik Baji , Mekala Janaki Ramaiah
Published: December 2024

The discharge of dye complexes from industrial effluents, especially from textile industries, remains a significant environmental concern. Synthetic dyes such as Methylene Blue contribute notably to pollution due to their persistence and potential toxicity, which disrupt ecosystems and pose health risks via bioaccumulation. Traditional dye removal methods are often expensive and environmentally harmful. This research focuses on isolating bacterial strains from the agricultural fields of KL University, screening them for their decolourization efficiency of Methylene Blue, and optimizing culture parameters for effective decolourization. The study investigates Enterobacter cloacae strain BHPGT2024, which shows a remarkable capability to degrade Methylene Blue at a concentration of 150 ppm, with reduced efficiency at higher concentrations. The strain achieved an 82.1% dye degradation capacity within 2 days at 37°C and 120 rpm. The degradation process was analysed using UV, FT-IR, and HPLC analyses, confirming the bacterium's ability to metabolize the dye into harmless byproducts under aerobic conditions. This strain offers an eco-friendly solution to dye pollution, aligning with green chemistry principles and circular economy goals. The findings highlight the potential of microbial biodiversity in ecological preservation and pave the way for innovative bioremediation strategies, representing a promising advancement towards mitigating industrial dye pollution and fostering a sustainable future.
Geographic Information System Based Soil Fertility Mapping in Lambunao, Iloilo, Philippines
Authors: Premarion Kit Oliver , Gabinete Greta , Consabo Leonie , Lebuna Maria Lea
Published: December 2024

This study was conducted in the top ten rice-producing barangays of Lambunao to evaluate the soil health of rice fields using Geographic Information System (GIS) based soil fertility mapping. A total of 73.47 hectares of rice fields were collected and to determined soil pH levels, organic matter, available Phosphorus, and available Potassium. The findings indicated a strongly acidic to moderately acidic soil condition across the areas, with pH values ranging from 4.75 in Pasig to 5.84 in Cunarom areas. Organic matter content varied between 2.12% in Pasig and 3.56% in Cunarom rice fields. Available phosphorus was not detected in four Barangays; otherwise, it ranged from 9.87 ppm in Bonbon to 11.73 ppm in Maribong. Available potassium showed the lowest at 206.11 ppm in Pasig farm and the highest at 653.18 ppm in Pajo area. These results led to the creation of a GIS map to visually represent the soil fertility in the studied areas and fertilizer recommendations were given to maintain the rice fields sustainably. This research represents a significant step forward in understanding and managing soil resources, contributing to environmental sustainability and food security.
Pixels of Wisdom: Philosophical Health via a Self-Knowledge Digital Survey
Authors: de Miranda Luis
Published: December 2024

This study explores the concept of philosophical health through the lens of digital knowledge platforms. It addresses the relative underrepresentation of philosophy in digital humanities and explores new avenues for philosophical inquiry and practice in the digital age. We employed an online survey to gather responses from 239 participants across six key elements of philosophical health: bodily sense, sense of self, sense of belonging, sense of the possible, sense of purpose, and philosophical sense. Using this pilot case, we examine how philosophy may utilize digital knowledge infrastructures to explore complex existential questions on a broader scale than analog methods allow. Our findings reveal insights into contemporary philosophical perspectives, including for example widespread feelings of disconnection from one’s body, a high percentage believing their self to be evolving, and prevalent feelings of loneliness which might or might not be digitally enhanced. We further discuss the ethical implications of using digital platforms for philosophical health assessment, including issues of privacy, informed consent, algorithmic bias, and the potential commodification of philosophical practice. We examine future directions, including AI-assisted philosophical counseling and non-metaphorical “wisdom of the crowds” research. Additionally, we explore how a digital approach may contribute to the accessibility of philosophical practice, potentially supporting ideas of “citizen science” in philosophy.
Profile of gut microbiome, plasma, and aqueous humor metabolome changes in high myopic cataract patients
Authors: Gu Xiaoxun , Ruan Xiaoting , Yang Wen , He Jing , Tang Li , Niu Dongling , Ma Bo
Published: December 2024

Background: Inflammation contributed to myopia. Scarce evidence explored the relationship between systemic inflammation and high myopia. Thus, we aim to elucidate this issue via the “Gut-retina axis”.
Methods: Patients with age-related cataracts (ARC) and high myopic cataracts (HMC) were included in the study. After comprehensive ophthalmic examinations, feces, plasma, and aqueous humor (AH) specimenswere collected from each patient.Detecting the V3-V4 region of 16S rDNA to obtain information on gut taxa and distinct gut taxa was obtained. LC-MS/MS systems were used to explore the metabolites of plasma and AH specimens. Using the “Dr. Tom” platform to find distinct metabolites. Then “corrplot” package and “pROC” package in R studio were conducted to find the relationship between gut taxa, metabolites, and axial lengths (AL).
Results: Class Bacilli (P=0.008), Order Lactobacillales (P=0.013) and Burkholderiales (P=0.047), and Family Lactobacillaceae (P=0.003) were increased in the HMC group. Genus Roseburia in the HMC group was decreased (P=0.012). 79 and 197 distinct metabolites were found in the plasma and AH specimensrespectively. From KEGG analysis, the distinct plasma metabolites of HMC were enriched in “ABC transporters”, “Steroid hormone biosynthesis”, and “PPAR signaling pathway”, whilst “Protein digestion and absorption”, “Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis”, and “D-Amino acid metabolism” pathways enriched in AH specimens. Finally, we identified the 4-Phenolsulfonic acid in plasma and 5'-N-Ethylcarboxamidoadenosine in AH may be potential biomarkers of high myopia.
Conclusions: High myopic patients have distinct gut taxa and significantly different metabolites. Using multi-omics integrative analysis, new insights and biomarkers of high myopia will help us explore the pathogenesis of myopia.
Trial registration: www.chictr.org.cn identifier is ChiCTR2300071397.
Optimizing Nutritional Strategies in Term NEC and Perforation Infants after Intestinal Perforation: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Luo Wen , Cao Han , Hu Ya , Liu Zhenqiu , Yang Jing , Deng Pinglan , Huang Shan , Huang Qianjing , Wei Hong
Published: December 2024

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease in infants, and perforation is one of the most serious pathological manifestations. However, guidelines on how to refeed infants recovering from perforation after NEC are lacking. This study aimed to define which method of refeeding is better for NEC and perforation term-infants. The study included three sections: time to restart enteral nutrition (EN), advancement of EN, and type of restart feeding. Ninety full-term neonates developed perforation after NEC and underwent surgery were included. These samples were divided into EEN (< 7 days) and LEN (≥ 7 days) groups for the time to restart EN, FI (≥ 20 ml/kg/d) and SI (< 20 ml/kg/d) groups for the advancement of EN, IPF, SMF (EHF and AABF), and MF groups for the type of restart feeding. EEN infants had a lower incidence of intestinal stenosis and reoperation (43.5% vs. 77.6%, p = 0.002; 60.9% vs. 82.1%, p = 0.038), and a shorter duration of hospital stay after surgery and PN than LEN infants (14 days vs. 20 days, p < 0.001; 11 days vs. 17 days, p < 0,001). Faster advancing feed volumes contributes to a shorter duration of hospital stay and PN (15 days vs. 20 days, p < 0.001; 14 days vs. 17 days, p < 0,001), but a slow rate of weight gain (0.020 kg vs. 0.129 kg, p < 0.01). The rate of weight gain in the IPF group is quicker than SMF and MF (0.035 ml/kg/d vs. 0.016 ml/kg/d and 0.015 ml/kg/d, p = 0.042), and the time to repeat NPO in SMF group is shorter than IPF an MF groups (2.8 days vs. 4 days and 9.7 days, p < 0.01). Our study supports the beneficial effects of early enteral feeding and fast advancement of feed volumes of NEC and perforation term infants after surgery in reducing short-term complications and the duration of hospital stay after surgery and PN. Additionally, this study indicates that IPF and mixed feeding play a more important role in stimulating intestinal adoption recovery.
Genetic Identification of DMD Gene Pathogenic Mutations: Retrospective Genetic Analysis of 507 Patients Based on Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: Gan Siyi , Xu Li , Liao Hongmei , Wu Liwen
Published: December 2024

Background and purpose: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) are neuromuscular diseases in children that resulted from mutations in the dystrophin gene. DMD stay in a high fatality rate, and currently, there is no specific medication or cure available. A comprehensive analysis of DMD gene mutations was conducted in patients with DMD/BMD to better understand the characteristics of the mutations and the intrinsic relationship between genotype and phenotype. The aim of this study is to improve the diagnosis and treatment efficacy of DMD/BMD by addressing the root cause of genetic mutations, thus providing a theoretical foundation for further development of exon skipping treatments.
Methods: Between October 2018 and July 2021, a total of 507 DMD/BMD patients were collected from Hunan Provincial Children's Hospital. Initially, Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) was employed to detect deletions and duplications in the 79 exons of the DMD gene. If negative, Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) was used subsequently to identify point mutations. Finally, Sanger sequencing was utilized to confirm the identified point mutations.
Results: Combined with MLPA, NGS and Sanger sequencing proved to be a cost-effective and high-efficient approach in providing gene diagnosis services for DMD/BMD patients. Among the 507 patients with DMD/BMD, the highest percentage of mutations observed was deletions in exons (64.9%), followed by point mutations (26.0%) and duplication mutations in exons (9.1%). The pathogenicity ratio of these mutations was P: LP: VUS=24.5:2.67:1. The hotspot regions of exon deletions in the DMD gene were primarily found in the distal exons in the range of 45-55 (79.64%), as well as in the proximal exons in the range of 2-20 (15.20%). The hotspot regions for exon duplications were concentrated in the proximal exons within the range of 3-9 (39.13%). Point mutations were distributed throughout the DMD gene, with the top four exons showing the highest mutation frequency being exon 22 with 9 mutations, exon 70 with 7 mutations, and exon 20 with 6 mutations. the top four exons with the highest mutation frequency are exon 22 with 9 mutations, exon 70 with 7 mutations, and exon 70 and exon 20 with 6 mutations, respectively.
Additionally, 40 de novo mutations were identified in this study.
The Influence of Zirconia Opaquer and Thickness of Monolithic Zirconia on the Final Shade
Authors: Shaheen Feras , Gjelvold Björn
Published: December 2024

Statement of problem. Monolithic zirconia can be influenced by the underlying titanium base which alters the restoration shade and creates unsatisfactory optical results.
Purpose. The purpose of this in vitro study is to find out the influence of zirconia opaquer on the optical proportion of monolithic zirconia at different thicknesses.
Material and methods. Three experimental groups have been examined - monolithic zirconia, zirconia opaquer and titanium implant abutment (group A), monolithic zirconia and titanium implant abutment (group B) and monolithic zirconia only (group C). Experimental specimens with a thickness of 0.8 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm were designed for a titanium implant abutment and 12 monolithic zirconia specimens for each thickness in shade A2 were prepared for each group respectively. A digital spectrophotometer was used to record the components for color value, chroma and hue. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of these measurements were calculated for all groups. The data for three independent groups were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and compared pairwise using Dunn’s post hoc test adjusted by the Bonferroni correction. The degree of statistical significance was considered P<0.05.
Results. Statistically significant differences were found in all components of color value (L), chroma (C), hue (H) and thickness across groups A, B and C. For 0.8 mm thickness, the post-hoc test showed no significant difference between group A and C for the L and H color components.However statistically significant differences were found between groups B and C for all color components L, C, and H. For 1.5 and 2 mm thickness, the post-hoc test showed no significant difference between group B and C in all color components L, C and H. Statistically significant differences were found between group A and C for all color components L, C and H.
Conclusions. By increasing the thickness of monolithic zirconia, better masking color effect of the metal abutment background can be achieved. Using the monolithic zirconia on thin thickness (less than 1 mm) alone, without zirconia opaquer or opaque cement, cannot optimally mask the metal abutment background color. However, using the zirconia opaquer on thin monolithic zirconia thickness (less than 1 mm) can positively affect the final shade by masking the metal abutment background. Monolithic zirconia in thickness 1.5 and 2 mm can alone mask the metal abutment background color, while using the zirconia opaquer here can negatively affect the final shade of the restoration.
Deep Learning-Based Reconstruction for Three-Dimensional Volumetric Brain MRI: A Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment
Authors: Kang Yeseul , Kim Sang-Young , Kim Jun Hwee , Son Nak-Hoon , Park Chae Jung
Published: December 2024

Background:To evaluate the performance of a deep learning reconstruction (DLR) based on Adaptive-Compressed sensing (CS)-Network for brain MRI and validate it in a clinical setting
Methods: Ten healthy volunteers and 22 consecutive patients were prospectively enrolled. Volunteers underwent 3D brain MRI including T1 without CS factor (9:16min, reference standard); with CS factor of 2 without DLR (CS2, 4:6min); with CS factor of 2 with DLR (DLR-CS2); with CS factor of 4 without DLR (CS4, 2:6min); and with CS factor of 4 with DLR (DLR-CS4). The patients’ MRI included the CS2 and DLR-CS4. The volumes of lateral ventricles, hippocampus, choroid plexus, and white matter hypointensity were calculated and compared among the sequences. Three radiologists independently assessed anatomical conspicuity, overall image quality, artifacts, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and sharpness using a 5-point scale for each sequence.
Results: Applying acceleration factors of 2 and 4 reduced the scan time to 65.4% and 33.5%, respectively, of that of the reference standard. Volumes of all the measured subregions showed no significant differences among different sequences in all participants. In qualitative analysis, the interrater agreement was excellent (κ=0.844–0.926). In volunteers, quality of DLR-CS4 were comparable to those of CS2 for all metrics except for the overall image quality and SNR despite a 51.2% scan time reduction. In patients, DLR-CS4 showed quality comparable to that of CS2 for all metrics.
Conclusions:DLR allowedthe scan time reduction by at least half without sacrificing image quality and volumetric quantification accuracy, supporting its reliability and efficiency.
AFIENet: Feature Interaction Enhancement Network for Adaptive Text
Authors: SU Rui , GAO Shangbing , ZHAO Kefan , ZHANG Junqiang
Published: December 2024

To address the difficulties existing text categorization models face in capturing global text semantics and local details, we propose an Adaptive Feature Interactive Enhancement Network (AFIENet). This network uses two branches to model the text globally and locally. The adaptive segmentation module in the local network can dynamically split the text and capture key phrases. The global network grasps the overall central semantics. After obtaining the results from the two branches, an interaction valve is designed to evaluate the confidence of the global features and selectively fuse them with the local features effectively. Finally, the interactively enhanced features are re-input into the classifier to improve text classification performance. Experiments verify that AFIENet can effectively improve the performance of basic networks like TextCNN, RNN, and Transformer with the introduction of fewer parameters. The accuracy reaches up to 97.55% on the THUCNews dataset, 6.53 percentage points higher than the original model. The average accuracy improvement is 2.11 percentage points compared to the original model when tested on multiple datasets. Comparable results to MacBERT are obtained when using static word vectors, reflecting the wide applicability of the model.
Exploration of Cube Shape from Hypercube Graph Partially Balanced Incomplete Block Designs: A Vertex Approach
Authors: Adebayo Gabriel Olusola , Adeleke Babatunde Lateef
Published: December 2024

This article explored Cube shape from Hypercube graph Partially Balanced Incomplete Block Designs, PBIBDs, using a Vertex Association Scheme approach. The design is aimed at increases the Efficiency Factor and reduces the Cost of the Experiment. The objects are; design the Hypercube shape, extract Cube from the Hypercube graph and then generate dataset to test the significance of those designs. The hypercube graph gives two interconnected cubes, say, Cube 1 and Cube 2.
From the Hypercube graph analysis, the result shows that the blocks are not significance with p-value of 0.4438 > 0.05 and the treatments are significance with the p-value = 0.00001< 0.05. This means that treatment 1 and treatment 3 are the outliers. Similarly, Cube 1 analysis shows that the blocks are not significance with p-value = 0.5682 > 0.05 and the treatments are significance with p-value = 0.0048 < 0.05. This means that treatment 1 and treatment 3 are the outliers. But the Cube 2, result shows that both the blocks and the treatments are not significance with p-value of 0.6288 and 0.4354 respectively because there were no outliers in treatment 9 to 16.
In conclusion, Cube 1 graph PBIBD is better than the Hypercube graph PBIBD since the Efficiency Factor, E = 0.84 > 0.8229. Also the cost of the experiment is cheaper since bk = 32 < 80. The both graph PBIBD are significance in the data analysis.
Characterization of Carbapenem-resistant biofilm forming Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from clinical and surveillance samples.
Authors: Choudhary Jyoti , Shariff Malini
Published: December 2024

Background
A. baumannii is an important nosocomial pathogen responsible for a wide range of human infections. The emergence of multi-drug resistance causes life-threatening hospital-acquired infections. Also, the formation of biofilm helps it survive on abiotic surfaces and transfer through health care workers, thereby causing nosocomial infections like ventilator-associated pneumonia and catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Hence, we undertook to study the current scenario of antibiotic resistance patterns and virulence factors in our clinical and colonizing isolates.
Materials and methods
A total of 92 isolates (44 colonizing and 48 clinical) of Acinetobacter baumannii were included in the study. These isolates were from clinical and surveillance samples (nasal and throat swabs) taken from patients. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by VITEK 2. Biofilm formation was assessed by the tissue culture plate method. PCR for oxacillinases, MBLs and biofilm-associated genes were performed.
Results
42 (87.5%) of the clinical and 44 (97.7%) of the colonizing isolates were resistant to meropenem. A strong adherent biofilm was produced by 11 (22.91%) of the clinical and 12 (27.27%) of the colonizing isolates. No statistically significant difference was observed between strong biofilm-producing and meropenem-resistant isolates (p value = 0.75). Biofilm-associated genes, ompA, bap and csuE were present in all the colonizing isolates and 45 (93.7%), 47 (97.9%) and 44 (91.6%) of the clinical isolates respectively. blaOXA−51−like was present in all the isolates. blaOXA23−like was more prevalent in colonizing 43 (97.7%) than clinical isolates 42 (87.5%). blaOXA−58−like was present in 9 (20.4%) and 6 (12.5%), blaOXA−24−like was present in 1 (2.3%) and 2 (4.1%) of the colonizing and clinical isolates respectively. The presence of MBLs was observed to be lower than oxacillinases. NDM1 was present in 15.29%, SIM in 27%, GIM in 14.11%, VIM in 32.9%, SPM in 5.8% and IMP in 1.2% of the meropenem-resistant isolates.
Conclusion
Carbapenem resistance (XDR) is increasing in Acinetobacter baumannii. Biofilm formation is an important virulence factor responsible for its survival in the hospital environment and causes nosocomial infections. Biofilm-producing isolates were also found to be Carbapenem-resistant. Strict disinfection procedures are to be followed to prevent its spread in the hospital.
Derivation and Validation of a Clinical Deterioration Early Warning System (Cdews) Score in Hospital Inpatients
Authors: Mas Naia , Legarreta Maria Jose , Molinuevo Janire , Garcia-Gutierrez Susana
Published: December 2024

Electronic health records allow access to data on potential predictors of clinical deterioration in hospital inpatients beyond vital signs, e.g., lab test results and comorbidities. Using such data, we aimed to develop and validate a model to predict clinical deterioration.
A retrospective cohort study was conducted with information on vital signs, comorbidities, and lab test results for consecutive over-17-year-olds hospitalized in Galdakao-Usansolo University Hospital. Deterioration was defined as death or unplanned admission to an intermediate/intensive care unit. A multivariate generalized linear mixed model was constructed using a derivation dataset, adjusting for the random effect of the patient. Risk scores and categories and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated for this cohort, and also for an external validation cohort, to test their validity with external data. The model was calibrated in the derivation dataset considering 10 decile-based groups. The score was calibrated in both datasets.
Overall, 6,372 hospitalizations of 9,084 patients (70.5%) were included in the development dataset and 7,812 of 10,531 patients (74.2%) in the validation dataset. In these sets, 5% and 6% of patients respectively reached the composite endpoint (pvalue = 0.02). Older patients and those with polypharmacy and/or neoplasms were more likely to deteriorate. Deterioration was associated with higher blood pressure and C-reactive protein and lower oxygen saturation, glycemia, and potassium levels. The final model´s AUC was 0.83 (0.81-0.85).
We provide a reliable easy-to-implement score to predict death or unexpected intermediate/intensive care unit admission; further research is needed to assess clinical benefits.
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT06499376
The Relationship Between the Presence of Nevus, Skin Cancer and Sun Knowledge, and Sun Protection Behaviors among Agriculture Students
Authors: Duzova Ulku Saygili , Altinel Busra , Duzova Mursel , Colak Irem Ayran
Published: December 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between the presence of nevus, skin cancer and sun knowledge, and sun protection behaviors in students of the faculty of agriculture.
Methods
This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 201 students studying at the Faculty of Agriculture of a university in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey between April and June 2024. Research data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Skin Cancer and Sun Knowledge Scale, and Sun Protection Behavior Scale.
Results
The mean scores obtained on the skin cancer and sun knowledge scale were The students' Skin cancer and sun knowledge scale score was 10.95 ± 3.02, and the sun protection behavior scale score was 24.79 ± 6.95. A statistically significant relationship was found between sun protection behaviors and various factors such as gender, hair color, skin color, and mole-checking methods (p < 0.05). More specifically, students who described their skin color as dark had lower scores in sun protection, which was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). In addition, a weak negative relationship was discovered between the subscale of skin cancer risk factors and the subscale of sun avoidance (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
It was found that students in the faculty of agriculture had inadequate knowledge and behavior regarding skin cancer and sun protection. It is important to develop educational programs and implement strategies to provide students with the necessary behaviors regarding skin cancer and sun-related health.
Numerical Simulation of Flapping Wing Aerodynamic Characteristics
Authors: Xu Junjie , Zheng Shizhen , Chang Jianlong
Published: December 2024

Flapping wing flight technology is widely used in civil and military fields, and huge economic benefits can be created. The bionic flapping wing is the research object of this paper. The influence of flapping frequency, flight trajectory, different wing types, and various flapping layouts on the aerodynamic characteristics of the flapping wing is investigated through numerical calculation. It was found that an increase in the flutter frequency can lead to an increase in the lift and drag of the flutter wing, as well as the strength of the flutter wing leading edge vortex, thereby improving the aerodynamic characteristics of the flutter wing. With the same symmetry of the trajectory of the flapping wing, the flapping wing lift characteristics are the same, but the drag characteristics may be different. If the symmetry of the flapping wing trajectory is distinct, the lift and drag characteristics of the flapping wing are different, if the curvature and thickness of the wing are different, the aerodynamic characteristics of the flapping wing are distinct. Finally, it is determined that under certain conditions, a tandem layout flapping wing can have better aerodynamic characteristics than a parallel layout flapping wing.
Phenome-wide Mendelian Randomization Analysis of Genetic Variants Linking Intracranial Aneurysm, Unruptured Aneurysm, and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Maimaiti Aierpati , Pan Lin , Yang Wenzhuo , Yang Laiyu , Chen Leyan , Zhao Zibing , Wang Yongxin , Wang Zengliang
Published: December 2024

Background: Emerging observational studies showed that intracranial aneurysm (IA) was associated with a variety of diseases. However, the causal nature of these associations is uncertain.
Method: Based on the GWAS summary data of IA, unruptured IA (UIA) and nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAH), we strictly selected instrumental variables. Through phenotype-wide Mendelian randomization analysis (MR-PheWAS), the association between gene-predicted IA, UIA, SAH and 4057 phenotypes in the UK Biobank study was mapped. The MR-PheWAS association was further examined using data from the FinnGen study (n =260,405). At the same time, we also explored the causal effects of IA, UIA and SAH on the phenotype at the genetic level in reverse.
Results: In the MR-PheWAS study of IA, we found that hypertension, difficulty quitting smoking, and use of antihypertensive medications, metabolic characteristics such as diastolic blood pressure, and triglyceride levels significantly increased the risk of IA. Anthropometric characteristics, environmental and neurological factors, and metabolic profiles were significantly associated with UIA risk. Consistent with findings from IA studies, we found that the neurological phenotypes of hypertension and difficulty quitting smoking significantly increased the risk of SAH. These causal associations were still confirmed in the FinnGen study.
Conclusion: Our findings help to understand the pathogenesis of these diseases and provide an important basis for developing prevention and treatment strategies. Clinical practice should emphasize management of hypertension, smoking cessation support, and early monitoring and intervention in high-risk patients.
Cardiometabolic Markers and Serum Amh Levels in Pcos: Can Amh Serve as a Surrogate Cardiometabolic Marker?
Authors: Ganie Mohammad Ashraf , Malhotra Neena , Jabbar Puthiyaveetil Khadar , Aggarwal Sarita , Rozati Roya , Sahay Rakesh , Chowdhary Subhankar , Kamboj Saloni , Wani Imtiyaz Ahmad , Arora Taruna , Bhattacharya Prasanta Kumar , Islam Khalid ul
Published: December 2024

Objective: To study the cardiometabolic markers in women in with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) across all phenotypes and its correlation with serum AMH levels.
Methodology: In cross-sectional community-based study aimed to determine the prevalence of PCOS among women aged 19-39 years over 5 years (2018-2022), 10,109 women were found to be eligible from 14,061 approached through a pre validated questionnaire. Out of this cohort, 201 women were diagnosed prior, and from the 2314 probable cases on detailed clinical, ultrasound and hormonal evaluation as per Rotterdam criteria, 860 were true cases. Healthy women from the same community matched for age and BMI, were taken as controls (1174). Both PCOS and healthy controls were assessed for cardio-metabolic indices, including anthropometry (BMI, WC, WHR), biochemistry (OGTT with 75 grams glucose, lipid profile, HOMA-IR, visceral adiposity index [VAI], lipid accumulation product [LAP]) and fasting and post prandial insulin. Other hormone assays (FSH, LH, PRL, TSH, DHEAS, SHBG, testosterone,) and AMH levels were also assessed in PCOS and controls. Correlation between serum AMH and cardiometabolic indices was calculated for cases using Pearson’s method. Data was analysed using STATA version 24.
Main outcome measure(s): Cardio-metabolic profile including obesity/overweight, hypertension, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia among PCOS women and their different phenotypes, comparison with controls and correlation with serum AMH levels in cases.
Result(s): In the baseline characteristics, PCOS group had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, 2 hours OGTT, fasting, 30 minutes and two hours post OGTT insulin levels than control group. In lipid profile, PCOS group had lower HDL and higher LDL levels. HOMA-IR, VAI, LAP were significantly higher in PCOS group. When AMH was correlated with various cardio-metabolic indices in women with PCOS, significant positive correlation was found with BMI, waist circumference, triglycerides and VLDL levels. While correlating AMH with cardio-metabolic indices in different phenotypes, PCOS phenotype A, C, and D suggested a significant positive correlation with BMI, waist circumference, post -prandial blood sugar at 30 minutes and VLDL, while phenotype B correlated only with BMI and VLDL levels.
Conclusion(s): A positive correlation could be seen between serum AMH and anthropometric and lipid profile parameters in Indian PCOS women. No such correlation can be established between other insulin resistance markers.
Enhancing Tree Species Mapping in Arkansas' Forests through Machine Learning and Satellite Data Fusion: A Google Earth Engine-Based Approach
Authors: Saim Abdullah Al , Aly Mohamed
Published: December 2024

Arkansas' subtropical climate nurtures extensive forested regions, particularly within the Ozark- St. Francis and Ouachita National Forests. Despite this, the state lacks an up-to-date, high-resolution map detailing the distribution of tree species within its forests. This study harnesses the power of machine learning, specifically the Random Forest (RF), Gradient Tree Boosting (GTB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN) classifiers, within the Google Earth Engine (GEE) framework. These classifiers are applied to classify the distribution of tree species in Arkansas' forests by integrating data from various sources, including Sentinel-1/-2, Landsat-8, and the National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP). The study evaluates the classification accuracy of single-sensor images against fused composites, revealing that the fused Landsat-8 and Sentinel-1 data achieve the highest validation accuracy at 0.8875. This is closely followed by single-sensor Sentinel-1 and Landsat-8, which yield validation accuracies of 0.8863 and 0.8859, respectively. Among the classifiers, RF demonstrates the highest accuracy, followed by GTB, K-NN, and SVM when applied to fused Landsat-8 and Sentinel-1 images. This study incorporates the Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) to elucidate feature importance and introduces a weighted ensemble method, resulting in a remarkably accurate tree species distribution map with an accuracy score of 0.9772. This research highlights the efficacy of combining machine learning algorithms and fusing satellite images to significantly enhance tree species classification accuracy. Moreover, the study capitalizes on explainable AI (XAI) principles and leverages the cloud computing capabilities of GEE to create a more precise, high-resolution tree cover map on a regional scale.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of First-Line Gifitinib Plus Pemetrexed-Platinum-Based Chemotherapy Versus Gifitinib Monotherapy in EGFR-Mutated NSCLC Patients with Brain Metastases
Authors: Zhao Ziying , Chen Maolin , Du Jiuzhou , Zhao Yanan , Zhao Liling , Fang Li , Liu Qiao
Published: December 2024

Purpose
Brain metastases (BrMs) frequently manifest in patients with EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and the optimal treatment approach for these individuals remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of adding pemetrexed-platinum chemotherapy to first-line gefitinib in EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients with BrMs, considering the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system.
Patients and methods:
Constructing a Markov model, we simulated disease progression over a 10-year horizon in 4-week intervals. The model included three main health states: progression-free survival (PFS), progressive disease (PD), and death, along with a temporary PFS health state. Transition probabilities were estimated based on the data from the GAP BRAIN trial. Costs and utilities were collected from local public database and literature. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were employed to assess the robustness of the model.
Results
In the base case analysis, adding pemetrexed-platinum chemotherapy to first-line gefitinib resulted in an incremental effectiveness of 0.59 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and an icrease in healthcare costs by $12,298.51. Consequently, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) amounted to $24,887.67/QALY, which fell below the prespecified willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of $37,654.50 per QALY. Deterministic sensitivity analysis indicated that, apart from the utility value of the PFS health state of the gefitinib plus chemotherapy (GPP) group, other parameters exerted minimal influence on the results. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrated that, at the predefined WTP threshold, the combination of gefitinib and chemotherapy was a cost-effective treatment strategy.
Conclusion
Adding pemetrexed-platinum chemotherapy to first-line gefitinib for EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients with BrMs in China represented a cost-effective treatment strategy from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system.
Hindcast (back to 1955) and forecast (up to 2100) of sea-surface pH at BATS and Hydrostation S (Bermuda area)
Authors: Hadid Nadia Ben , Guglielmi Véronique , Touratier Franck , Goyet Catherine
Published: December 2024

Time-series measurements in the North Atlantic Ocean at the Hydrostation S site (32°10′N, 64°30′W), started in 1954. At that time, it was not yet possible to measure all the properties of the oceanic carbon cycle. However temperature and salinity were measured. We use these important hydrographic data with the knowledge acquired from more recent measurements (since 1989) of the CO2/carbonate properties at the near-by Bermuda Atlantic Time Series Study (BATS; 31°40′N, 64°10′W), to reconstruct, using two different approaches based upon multi-linear-regressions, the pH at this hydrostation S since its beginning. The results provide good estimates of the ocean acidification in the ocean surface of the area of stations S and BATS since the mid 1950’s, an unprecedented near 70-year trend of ocean acidification, as well as a simple way to forecast to 2100 its variations according to the various scenarios of atmospheric CO2 fugacity increase. The simplest approach shown here, further provides an easy way to estimate surface ocean acidification from satellite sea surface temperature measurements.
Split Bregman Isotropic and Anisotropic Image Deblurring with Kronecker Product Sum Approximations using Single Precision Enlarged-GKB or RSVD Algorithms to provide low rank truncated SVDs
Authors: Alsubhi Abdulmajeed , Renaut Rosemary
Published: December 2024

We consider the solution of the ℓ1 regularized image deblurring problem using isotropic and anisotropic regularization implemented with the split Bregman algorithm. We replace the system matrix A using a Kronecker product approximation obtained via an approximate truncated singular value decomposition for a reordering of the matrix A. To obtain the approximate decomposition for the reordered matrix, we propose the enlarged Golub Kahan Bidiagonalization algorithm that proceeds by enlarging the Krylov subspace beyond either a given rank for the desired approximation, or uses an automatic stopping test that provides a suitable rank for the approximation. The resultant expansion is contrasted with the use of the truncated and the randomized singular value decompositions with the same number of terms. To further extend the scale of problem that can be considered we implement the determination of the approximation using single precision, while performing all steps for the regularization in double precision. The reported numerical tests demonstrate the effectiveness of applying the approximate single precision Kronecker product expansion for A, combined with either isotropic or anisotropic regularization implemented using the split Bregman algorithm, for the solution of image deblurring problems. As the size of the problem increases, our results demonstrate that the major costs are associated with determining the Kronecker product approximation, rather than with the cost of the regularization algorithm. Moreover, the enlarged Golub Kahan Bidiagonalization algorithm competes favorably with the randomized singular value decomposition for estimating the approximate singular value decomposition.
MSC Classification: 65F22 , 65F10 , 68W40
Body Composition Changes and Predictor of Weight Loss in Short Term after Sleeve Gastrectomy
Authors: Ji Guangnian , Zhu Chuanrong , Wang Shaochuang , Wu Jinsheng
Published: December 2024

Background
Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for patients with severe obesity to achieve sustainable weight loss. However, body composition changes, especially limb composition, after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) in Asian population have not been widely reported, and there are few studies on the prediction of short-term weight loss.
Methods
We evaluated 159 patients with obesity who underwent SG between May 2020 and June 2023 in our hospital. Each patient’s demographic, anthropometric, laboratory workup and body composition data were collected at baseline and 1,3,6,12 months after surgery. Independent predictor of weight loss was obtained by Logistic regression analysis.
Results
The mean age of the 159 patients was 30.4 ± 7.7 years, and 78.0% were female. Compared to the baseline values, anthropometric parameters and metabolic profiles were improved after surgery. All of body composition indexes decreased, while fat mass (FM, kg and percentage), visceral fat mass (VFA) and obesity degree remained decreasing until 1 year postoperatively. Percentage of excess weight loss (EWL%) was 55.7 ± 17.6% at 3 months, reaching the standard of effective weight loss. There were 11 factors that correlated negatively with EWL%, and obesity degree was identified as independent predictor of weight loss (OR: 0.951, P = 0.001). The AUC of obesity degree was 0.781 (95% CI: 0.668–0.894, P < 0.001), values of sensitivity and specificity were 0.643 and 0.857, with the cutoff value 193.5%.
Conclusions
SG significantly improved variables of anthropometry, lipid metabolism and achieved effective weight loss in the short term. From the whole body to limbs and trunk, the body composition was changed. Obesity degree was closely related to effective weight loss after surgery, and might be an independent predictor in the short term.
Design and Development of a Pilot Knife Coating Machine: An Economic Approach
Authors: Bambhaniya Sanjay , Mandot Aadhar
Published: December 2024

Knife coating is an essential technique widely used in the textile industry to enhance the functional properties of textile substrates through precise coating applications. The high cost and substantial material requirements of existing large-scale knife coating machines pose significant challenges for industries and research institutions in conducting trials for various coating development, process optimisation, quality control, and innovation. A cost-effective pilot table-top knife coating machine has been designed and developed to address these limitations. This machine operates on the principle of knife-over-air, enabling precise control over coating parameters with minimal material usage. The design includes a robust structure, a feed roller assembly, a coating head assembly, a take-up assembly, and a control unit, ensuring operational efficiency and safety. The machine offers flexibility in the adjustment of different parameters which significantly enhances coating performance, making it a valuable tool for both industrial and research applications. This study reveals the fabrication process, operational procedure, and safety features of the developed knife coating machine, highlighting its potential to transform the coating industry by offering an economically viable solution for precise and efficient coating applications.
Relationship between hypothalamic pituitary thyroid function and bone mineral density NHANES 2007-2012
Authors: Cao Lizhen , Shu Jing , Yao Yuanyuan , Yang Lin , Li Jiaqi
Published: December 2024

Introduction:Prior research has indicated a correlation between hypothalamic-pituitary endocrine secretion and bone health. However, the relationship between thyroid hormone levels and lumbar spine bone density in adults remains incompletely understood. The objective of the present study was to examine this relationship and to assess the moderating effects of factors such as gender, age, and depressive symptoms on it.
Methods:Cross-sectional analyses were conducted using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), conducted between 2007 and 2012. Weighted linear regression models and multiple logistic regression models were employed to evaluate the correlation between lumbar spine bone density and indicators of thyroid function in 4996 adults aged 20-80 years. Additionally, the study investigated the effect of thyroid hormones on lumbar spine bone density in depressed adults.
Results and conclusions:In adults, a significant negative correlation was observed between lumbar spine bone density and FT3 levels, but not with any of the other thyroid hormones. The correlation between lumbar bone density and TT3, TT4, and Tg was found to be interactive with regard to gender. No significant interaction was observed between age and depressive symptoms with regard to lumbar bone density and thyroid hormones. Subgroup analyses revealed that the inverse relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) was exclusive to younger adults and was not statistically significant in older adults. In the fully adjusted model, a significant negative correlation was observed between BMD and TT4 in adult males (p=0.027), whereas no significant correlation was identified in adult females. In the fully adjusted model, BMD was significantly negatively correlated with FT4 and FT3 in non-depressed patients (p=0.040, p=0.027). Additionally, it was found that although thyroid hormones correlate with both depression and BMD, thyroid hormones do not cause changes in BMD solely because of depressive states. Therefore, further comprehensive research is required to elucidate the specific mechanism of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid on bone health.
Integrated Furnace Modeling and Circulation Analysis of Natural Circulation Hybrid Boiler
Authors: Elgandelwar Atul M.
Published: December 2024

An integrated furnace model and circulation study of a hybrid boiler with natural circulation is the main objectives of the current work, which is being conducted under various operating conditions. To comprehend the safe operation of a hybrid boiler, heat flux, boiling heat transfer, nucleate boiling, and tube overheating are examined. Analyze the circulation ratio, dryness fraction, void fraction, heat flow, pressure, and liquid velocity. In a natural circulation boiler, the circulation ratio controls critical heat flow and skin temperature. Circulation ratio is influenced by boiler pressure, liquid velocity and maximum heat flow. This study supports the design of hybrid boilers with natural circulation. A flow distribution analysis tool for natural circulation boilers based on Excel will be made available by the study. The model's nonlinear equations for nodes and loops are solved via Newton Raphson. Pressure loss and driving force are included in the loop calculations for every evaporator tube. Typical downcomers and risers make use of node equations. Loop and node equations for every branch flow are connected by a distinct connection matrix. A new indirect method is used to validate the model. The experimental data is within 3.57% absolute error of the model. Natural circulation networks are constructed, analyzed and optimized.
KDM5A-driven H3K4me3 promotes aberrant neural development by Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation
Authors: Li Jianting , cao zhihua , xie qi , gu xiaolong , ma peng , li lu , ren wenbin , fu yuan , liu zhi zhen , wang yonghong , Zhang Ting , yang hailan , Yang Shu-Yan , Xie Jun
Published: December 2024

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are common and severe birth defects. Folate supplementation can prevent NTDs, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Aberrant Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation leads to defective anteroposterior patterning, resulting in NTDs, but little is known about whether epigenetic factors contribute to this process. Here, we performed ChIP and CUT&Tag to explore H3K4me3 in folate-deficient cells and NTDs mouse models. Our findings show folate deficiency increased H3K4me3 levels at Wnt target genes promoters, enhancing their transcription. This effect was mediated by reduced expression of histone demethylase KDM5A，leading to the maintenance of H3K4me3 marks and activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Similarly, Wnt/β-catenin pathway was activated in KDM5A-KO cells and folate-deficient NTD mice. Intriguingly, KDM5A depletion in zebrafish embryos resulted in defective neurodevelopment and increased Wnt signalling. Furthermore, the transcription factor Pax2 downregulated KDM5A under folate-deficient conditions. Clinically, increased H3K4me3 levels and Wnt target genes expression were observed in low-folate NTDs brain samples. All these findings suggest KDM5A-dependent epigenetic regulation of Wnt signaling is crucial in low folate NTDs, implicating a potential therapeutic target.