bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FREQUENCY, DISTRIBUTION BY PLACE OF DELIVERY AND PARITY, CAUSES, MANAGEMENT OPTIONS AND OUTCOME OF PRIMARY POSTPARTUM HAEMORRHAGE IN POSTPARTUM WOMEN OF DISTRICT PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN
Authors: Liaqat Nazia , Qazi Qudsia , Yasmeen Saadia
Published: December 2020

Background: Primary postpartum haemorrhage (PPPH) is the leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in low resource countries like Pakistan. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency, distribution by place of delivery and parity, causes, management options and outcome of PPPH in postpartum women of District Peshawar, Pakistan.
Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan from 1st January 2019 to 30th June 2019. Sample size of 4,034 was with 0.39342 % margin of error, 95% confidence level, prevalence of PPPH 2% and a population of 23,607 postpartum women. All postpartum women were eligible. Those with secondary PPH, surgical management for PPPH done at some other hospital, with known bleeding disorders and on anticoagulants were excluded. All these patients were managed according to standard protocols. Data was collected for following variables; presence of PPPH (yes/ no), place of delivery (in-hospital deliveries/ referred cases), parity (primipara/multipara/grandmultipara), causes of PPPH (uterus atony/retained placenta-RPOC/ruptured uterus/genital tract tears), management options of PPPH (conservative management/laparotomy with repair of ruptured uterus/laparotomy with uterine artery ligation and B-Lynch/repair of genital tract tears other than ruptured uterus/removal of retained placenta & RPOC/hysterectomy) and outcome of PPPH (uneventful recovery/maternal near miss/maternal mortality). Frequencies and percentages with confidence intervals were calculated for these variables.
Results: Out of 4034 postpartum women, frequency of PPPH was 400 (9.92%). Out of 4034 women, distribution of 400 cases of PPPH by place of delivery was 222 (5.50%) in-hospital deliveries and 178 (4.42%) referred cases and by parity it was primipara 79 (1.96%), multipara 243 (6.03%) and grandmultipara 78 (1.93%) cases. Out of 400 cases of PPPH, frequency of uterine atony was 254 (63.50%) and conservative management 245 (61.25%). Out of 400 cases, frequency of uneventful recovery was 352 (88%), maternal near miss 40 (10%) and maternal mortality eight (2%) cases.
Conclusion: Primary postpartum haemorrhage (PPPH) continues to be a common and serious complication of delivery with uterine atony being its most predominant cause.
Pre- and post-exercise ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5 Levels in Concur Horses
Authors: KANDIR Sinan , ER Cenk , KARAKURT Serdar
Published: December 2020

A disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) proteinase family play an important role in many physiological and physiopathological processes such as the maintenance of locomotor system health in sport horses. In this study, we aimed to determine the changes of ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5 levels in concour horses before and after exercise.

The Oldenburg and Selle Français horse-breed types which are healthy, 6-15 years old, around 650-750 kg, and distinct genders were used (n=10). Following the physical examinations, the horses were subjected to 50 minutes of regular exercise program. Blood samples were collected into anticoagulant-free tubes in order to determine ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5 mRNA expression and ELISA levels before and after exercise.

There were no differences were observed statistically on ADAMTS-4, neither mRNA expression in spite of 25% downregulated, nor at the ELISA levels. On the other hand, ADAMTS-5 mRNA expression was upregulated 3.88 fold (p
Hz. Peygamber’in Hicretine Dair Bazı Mülahazalar
Authors: CİDE Ömer
Published: December 2020

Çalışmamızda Hz. Peygamber’in hicretine dair bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Hicret bütün yönleriyle ele alınmamış olup Hz. Peygamber ve Hz. Ebu Bekir’in Sevr Mağarası’na çıkışı, Hz. Ali’nin Hz. Peygamber’in yatağında yatması ve buna dair rivayetlerle sınırlı tutulmuştur. Ayrıca Hz. Ali’nin Hz. Peygamber’in yatağında yatmasına dair bazı rivayetlerin meydana getirdiği problemlere dikkat çekilmiştir. Hz. Ali’nin cesaret ve fedakârlığıyla ilişkilendirilen olayın Hz. Peygamber açısından meydana getirdiği sakıncalar ise rivayetlerde ve daha sonra yapılan nakillerde göz ardı edilmiştir. Çünkü bu durum Hz. Peygamber hakkında farklı zanların oluşmasına sebebiyet verebilir. Çalışmada olayla ilgili farklı rivayetler göz önünde bulundurularak doğru sonuca gidilmeye çalışılmıştır. Öncelikle, Hadis kitapları başta olmak üzere Tefsir ve Siyer kaynaklarında geçen rivayetler incelenmiştir. Sonraki aşamada ise yakın dönem müelliflerince yapılan değerlendirmeler de göz önünde bulundurularak sonuca gidilmeye çalışılmıştır. Olayın tanıklarından gelen rivayetler tercih sebebi olarak kabul edilmiştir. Olayın gerçekleşme biçimi de dikkate alınarak hangi rivayetin vakıaya uygun olduğu tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Monitoring and Evaluation as a Tool of Ensuring Efficiency of Increasing the Qualification of Pedagogical Staff
Authors:   Senior lecturer, Uzbek State University of World Languages, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Akhmetova Klara Irismatovna
Published: December 2020

This article is devoted to monitoring the continuing education system. In it, monitoring is consideredas a tool, a means of ensuring the effectiveness of the process of continuing education of teaching staff, conceptual aspects of developing monitoring of the effectiveness of the process of continuing education of teaching staff, the characteristic features of evaluating the effectiveness of the process of improving the qualifications of teaching staff.
Estratégias de persuasão na publicidade impressa de alimentos
Authors: Aparecido Sales Lima Fabiano
Published: December 2020

Este trabalho tem por objetivo enfocar o fenômeno da patemização em uma publicidade impressa na revista Veja. O enfoque tem como ponto de partida a análise das estratégias utilizadas na peça publicitária, propondo-se o exame dos recursos linguístico-discursivos que podem levar o auditório à persuasão. A análise proposta baseia-se na Teoria Semiolinguística do Discurso, de Patrick Charaudeau, lugar teórico-metodológico em que se concebe o pathos como uma visada de efeito (CHARAUDEAU, 2010). Constata-se que o sujeito comunicante (publicista) utiliza-se de determinadas estratégias que buscam (re)construir a imagem do produto anunciado, de modo que o destinatário sinta emoções que o leve a aderir mais facilmente à tese apresentada.
O ponto de vista da lógica natural
Authors: Grize Jean-Blaise
Published: December 2020

Considera-se aqui que argumentar é uma atividade discursiva endereçada a alguém com a intenção de convencê-lo(la) ou persuadi-lo(la) de algo, enquanto demonstrar é uma atividade de cálculo que não se endereça a alguém em particular. Uma argumentação apresenta dois aspectos: ela deve provar para convencer, ou seja, dirimir dúvidas que podem nascer no destinatário; e como as palavras do discurso remetem necessariamente a objetos carregados de valores emotivo-afetivos, a argumentação deve também iluminar a situação de forma positiva aos olhos do destinatário.
verdade sufocada
Authors: Santiago Maria Magda de Lima , Oliveira Magali Simone de
Published: December 2020

Este artigo buscou analisar que representações sociais da ditadura militar (1964-1985) são construídas a partir de fragmentos de narrativas de vida (MACHADO, 2015) do coronel Carlos Alberto Brilhante Ustra (2006); de excertos biográficos de três vítimas deste oficial – considerado um dos maiores torturadores desse período – e de estilhas de declarações do presidente eleito, Jair Bolsonaro (PSL), que tem no coronel uma espécie de ídolo. Pretendeu-se distinguir, na análise do ethos (MAINGUENEAU, 2013), em que medida esses imaginários sociodiscursivos (CHARAUDEAU, 2015) criados para a ditadura, servem de alerta para o risco iminente de uma tentativa de imposição de novos sentidos para a história brasileira do período.
Narrativas do pós-armário no YouTube
Authors: De Oliveira Alencar Venan Lucas , Mazzaro Vilar de Almeida Daniel
Published: December 2020

As narrativas de vida, enquanto modos possíveis de apreendermos discursivamente as subjetividades dos sujeitos da nossa sociedade, podem nos fornecer dados culturais interessantes sobre determinados grupos sociais. Neste estudo, partimos precisamente de um suporte digital onde as narrativas de si se encontram predominantemente disponibilizadas: o YouTube. Nossos sujeitos-objeto são homens gays que discorrem sobre o modo como experienciam suas vidas enquanto sujeitos já assumidos, ou seja, como lidam com as atuais problemáticas do que chamam de comunidade gay após terem “saído do armário”. Acreditamos que, ao falarem de si, tais sujeitos suscitam discursivamente aspectos relevantes da vida de um grupo minorizado, reativando sua memória para falar inclusive do “armário” e, assim, construírem um entendimento progressivo de suas subjetividades. Analisamos dois vídeos de YouTubers (um brasileiro e um estadunidense) e, a partir do que é relatado por eles, elencamos algumas discussões particulares e comuns. Partimos de uma filiação teórica da Análise do Discurso de vertente francesa, de estudos foucaultianos e dos Estudos de Gênero e Sexualidade empreendidos sobretudo por Halperin (2012) e Rubin (2017). Esperamos, desse modo, ampliarmos as noções sobre narrativas e sua aplicabilidade a suportes digitais, além de fortalecermos o diálogo entre Análise do Discurso e Estudos de Gênero.
Revisiting Governance: Extended Statehood in Africa and Beyond
Authors: Bachmann Olaf , Olonisakin 'Funmi
Published: December 2020

This article sets the theme for this issue. Weberian understanding of statehood has been valid and dominant for 100 years. However, it no longer reflects the complex dynamics of the superstructure resting on the social contract. One must acknowledge the widening frame of social and political influence and take it into account to make true sense of decades of failure in attempted state-building. Africa provides the scene for this argument as original focus of an ALC research project on the State in, and of, the Global South. Resulting from empirical evidence and analysis, this article not only offers the post-Weberian model of Extended Statehood, but also suggests its applicability within the realities of multilevel governance. Formal political order, even if remaining essential, has become a co-dependent element subject to fluctuating spheres of power. This research makes such dynamics visible.
An Efficient Regression Testing By Computing Coverage Data For Software Evolution
Authors: SivaPrasad Machani
Published: December 2020

Software systems is evolve continuously during development and maintenance. After software is modified regression testing is applied to software to ensure that It behaves intended and modifications not negatively impacts its original functionality .It is time consuming to rerun test suite T of program Pi on modified program Pi+1.So there are many regression testing techniques are there for doing regression testing. These are based on coverage data. So computing coverage data for Pi+1 without rerunning all test cases is the problem for doing regression testing of program Pi+1.This paper proposed a new approach that computes coverage data with selecting test cases T’ for the subsequent versions of the software .By computing coverage data for subsequent version of software on without rerunning entire test suit T we can improve overall time taken to retest the evolving software using Regression testing. This paper focus on improving the performance of regression testing for software evolve continuously during maintenance, by implementing a new approach for regression testing by computing coverage data for evolving software using dataflow analysis and execution tracing .
Issues in Large-Scale Hierarchical Classifications
Authors: Prasath M.Balaji , Manjula D.
Published: December 2020

Text documents in the web are in hierarchy, increase in the content, information grows over the years. To classify those text documents, need a class labels. But documents in the corpus belong to more than one class or category. Most of the corpus is large in size example. Wikipedia, Yahoo ODP directory. To classify those large-Scale dataset need a multi-label to categorize those datasets. More number of document added to the hierarchy, it create very high imbalance between classes at the different levels of hierarchy. Difficult to assign the documents to the actual class, so that relevance measure is used to calculate, relevance of text document to the class label, to maintain stable hierarchy. Another issue is if number of unique label is increase, it create instability in a classification, and also slow the classification process, so that try to limit the unique label in the classification, it improves the classification performance.
Techniques for Load Balancing in Wireless LAN
Authors: Magade Krishnanjali. A. , patankar Abhijit , Potey M. A.
Published: December 2020

This suggests new strategies for balancing load in a wireless network connected in star topology. The loads are assigned to each processor using divisible load theory & Different techniques [II], [III], [IV], and [V]. Divisible load theory suggests that a load can be divided arbitrarily such that each fraction of the load can be independently assigned and computed in any processor present in the network. Wireless networks are connected in such a manner that they as assemble a distributed system most of the
times, which makes load balancing an important technique to maximize the throughput from the system. A wireless sensor network generally consists of a base station (or Gateway) which communicates with other nodes present in the network. The other nodes are used for Measuring and collecting various environmental and Intelligence related data. The network that we have considered is connected with the central node being the base station and the other nodes are used for calculation of load distributed by the central node. Load balancing involves distribution of all computational and communicational activities over two or more processors, links or any other computational devices present in the network. The main thing behind this is load balancing is to reduce the execution time of the load and to make sure that all the resources present in the system are utilized optimally. The IEEE 802.11 standard does not provide any mechanism to resolve load imbalance. To reduce this deficiency, various load balancing schemes have been designed. These techniques commonly take the approach of directly controlling the user-AP association by deploying Proprietary
client software or hardware. Load balancing Features in their device drivers, AP firm wares, and WLAN cards. In these solutions, APs broadcast their load levels to users via modified beacon messages and each user chooses the least-loaded AP.
A Comparative Study of Different Smart Parking Assist Systems Using Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Thakare Vivekanand P. , Chavan Nekita
Published: December 2020

To deal with the parking guidance issue of the parking lots, this paper proposes a vision of improvements in parking guidance and information system based on wireless sensor system. This system consists of parking space monitoring nodes, routing nodes, parking guidance display and Central control center. The nodes transmit the information through wireless sensor network . After analyzing and processing the data, the central control center would distribute the parking information by LED screen and displays for the drivers.
Cristianismo versus cristiandad.
Authors: González Suárez Lucero
Published: December 2020

Ésta es una meditación fenomenológica encaminada a mostrar por qué, al asu- mir que la finalidad de la filosofía era propiciar que el individuo se convirtiera en contemporáneo de Cristo, Kierkegaard contrajo la tarea de reintroducir el cristianismo en la cristiandad. En la primera sección del artículo se mostrará que la fe es una verdad subjetiva. En la segunda, la meditación tendrá por motivo fundamental la relación entre cristianismo y verdad. Después, en la tercera parte, se hará patente que la búsqueda de la salvación surge de la consciencia del pecado. En la cuarta, se explicará que, para Kierkegaard, la tarea del pensador cristiano es la escritura de discursos edificantes.
Phatos a ultranza: Una lectura de Kierkegaard y Bataille
Authors: Evangelista Ávila José Luis
Published: December 2020

En Migajas filosóficas, Johannes Climacus presenta el pathos socrático y el pathos del instante como la base de diversas formas de pensamiento: la de la tradición filosófica y la que el seudónimo asume como propia. Recuperaremos éstos como pathos ilustrado y pathos cristiano, respectivamente, así como a las propuestas de Bataille y Kierkegaard en quienes ahondaremos como autores representati- vos de cada forma de pensamiento. Más que centrarnos en las coincidencias o divergencias específicas entre los autores, se busca presentarlos como ejemplos representativos y a ultranza de cada pathos y, por ende, de hacer filosofía.
Apuntes sobre naturaleza e historia en la obra de Theodor W. Adorno: lo natural como problema para las filosofías de la historia
Authors: Luna Jiménez Andrés
Published: December 2020

En este artículo se hace una revisión general acerca de la contraposición de los conceptos de naturaleza e historia en tres momentos de la obra de Theodor W. Adorno. En específico, se examina el modo en que el proyecto teórico de una superación dialéctica de la antítesis entre lo natural y lo histórico, esbozado en el ensayo temprano “Idea de la historia natural” (1932), fue revisitado en Dialéctica de la Ilustración (1944-1947) y Dialéctica negativa (1966). A modo de conclusión, se sugiere que los planteamientos en torno a esta contraposición comportan una considerable vigencia ante la actual problemática de la relación entre las sociedades humanas y el mundo natural y, en consecuencia, como materia de reflexión para una filosofía de la historia contemporánea.
Multiobjective optimization of buffer capacity allocation in multiproduct unreliable production lines using improved adaptive NSGA-II algorithm
Authors:   China Institute of FTZ Supply Chain, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China, Duan Jianguo , Zhang Qinglei ,   China Institute of FTZ Supply Chain, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China, Li Haochen ,   Logistics Engineering college, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
Published: December 2020

Buffer capacity allocation plays a key role in the design of production lines. By means of polymorphism analysis on production capacity and capability, we investigate the buffer allocation problem in multistage production lines with unreliable machines. The allocated buffers simultaneously maximize the system theoretical production rate and minimize the system state entropy. A mathematical model for buffer capacity optimization was established and optimized using an extended vector universal generating function (UGF) and an improved adaptive nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method were verified by applying the model to a production line of engine heads.
Arithmetic properties of Ramanujan’s general partition function for modulo 11
Authors:   Dept. of Mathematics, Manipal Institute of Technology,Manipal Acedemy of Higher Education, Manipal - 576 104, India, Kumar Belakavadi R. Srivatsa , Narendra Ramakrishna ,   Dept. of Mathematics, Acharya Institute of Technology,Soladevanahalli, Bengaluru - 560 107, India, Rajanna Karpenahalli R. ,   Dept. of Mathematics, Acharya Institute of Technology,Soladevanahalli, Bengaluru - 560 107, India
Published: December 2020

In the present work, for the general partition function pr(n), we establish five new infinite families of congruences modulo 11. Our emphasis throughout this paper is to exhibit the use of q-identities to generate congruences of pr(n).
Analysis and predictive validity of Kelantan River flow using RQA and time series analysis
Authors:   School of Mathematical Sciences, FST, UKM, Malaysia, Majid Mohammed Abdul , Omar M. Hafidz ,   Dept. of Mathematics & Statistics, KFUPM, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, Noorani M. S. M. ,   School of Mathematical Sciences, FST, UKM, Malaysia
Published: December 2020

An analysis of the Kelantan River flow for the period 2000 to 2014 and its predictive validity have been undertaken by utilizing recurrence plot (RP), recurrence quantification analysis (RQA), and auto regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA). The study presents the analysis results for flood detection and prediction of future values on a holdout sample of the 2014 data. The ARIMA model provides a better forecast when compared with the RQA predictive model. The analysis of the daily river flow dynamics reveals an abrupt change in the system and the detection of an attractor with outliers indicating higher series values; an indication of an early warning Models’ performance was based on the RMSE criterion and ARIMA model predicted a better result. The chaotic nature of the time series has also been investigated. This study could be used in understanding disastrous consequences of a river flooding.
Correlation of the expression of hyaluronan and CD44 with the presence of gingival inflammatory infiltrate in advanced generalized periodontitis
Authors: Kero Darko , Ćavar Ivna
Published: December 2020

Aim: To investigate the association between the expression of hyaluronan (HA) and its main receptor CD44 with the presence of inflammatory infiltrate in gingiva samples of patients suffering from advanced generalized periodontitis.
Material and Methods: Samples of gingival tissue from healthy donors (controls, n = 20) and patients suffering from advanced generalized periodontitis stage 3 and 4 (test group, n = 20) were obtained. For immunofluorescence (IF) staining, primary antibodies against HA, CD44 and general inflammatory cell marker CD45 were used. The microscopic slides were photographed and panoramic images were edited in Adobe Photoshop®. The quantification of IF signal expression domains and spatial gradients was performed in ImageJ. The Microsoft Office Excel 2016 and GraphPad v8 software ware used for statistical analysis.
Results: HA and CD44 were found to be widely expressed in the epithelium and subepithelial stroma of both healthy and diseased gingiva, including the areas of the gingiva containing the inflammatory infiltrate. No difference in the total expression of HA and CD44 in healthy and diseased gingiva was found. However, the pattern of distribution of HA and CD44 signals was somewhat different between the two groups of samples with regard to a statistically significant increase in stromal expression of HA and CD44 in diseased gingiva compared to healthy gingiva. No spatial correlation between HA and CD44 expression with the presence of inflammatory infiltrate was found in diseased gingiva. Moderate spatial correlation between HA and CD44 was found in diseased gingiva.
Conclusion: HA and CD44 might play a role in the regulation of inflammatory response in advanced generalized periodontitis. However, further studies are needed in order to properly characterize such role of both investigated factors.
Cinemática de un manipulador configurable por medio de la teoría de tornillos
Authors: Gallardo-Alvarado J. , Tinajero-Campo J. H. , Sánchez-Rodríguez Á.
Published: December 2020

En este trabajo se aborda el análisis cinemático de un m manipulador redundante con una plataforma configurable equipada con dos efectores finales. Las ecuaciones de clausura del análisis de posición generan un sistema de ecuaciones cuadráticas el cual se resuelve aplicando Newton-homotopía. Posteriormente, la cinemática instantánea del robot se resuelve recurriendo a la teoría de tornillos. La eficiencia del método es tal que no se requiere del cálculo de las velocidades articulares pasivas del robot para la determinación de la ecuación entrada-salida de velocidad del manipulador paralelo. Ejemplos numéricos se comparan con los resultados de un software comercial lo cual demuestra veracidad del método.
Calculating Probable Theoretical Offspring Genotype in Fruit Flies
Authors:   University of South Florida, Keller Megan
Published: December 2020

Being able to calculate an offspring's theoretical genotype is critical in genetic sciences. We calculate the theoretical genotype and phenotype of fruit fly offspring. Using the product rule, we determine the probability for each trait and then for each genotype. In conclusion, we calculate 64 different genotypes that are supposed to be possible, but only 8 phenotypes are possible.
Vehicle Efficiency Maintaining System
Authors:   Electronics & Telecommunication, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, India., Kothawale Rohit , Patil Sarika , NAMEWAR MANJUSHA ,   Electronics & Telecommunication, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, India., Mahajan Aniket ,   Mechanical, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, India.
Published: December 2020

This project is based on increasing the fuel efficiency of vehicle. Every vehicle is given an economy speed range by the respective company . But this range will vary due to parameters like the weight of the vehicles and passengers, condition of road, slope of the road, temperature ,etc. During real time this economy range will vary . This system will help the driver to maintain actual economy speed. While driving in mountain areas on the slopes, the economy speed range will be different than on plane roads. This system will take all these parameters in account and navigate the driver to get the maximum efficiency in all situations. In addition to this the driver will provide the driver the approximate kilometers the vehicle can travel in the current fuel. The circuit, working and need of the system is briefly discussed in this paper.
Emission factors for PM10 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from illegal burning of different types of municipal waste in households
Authors: Hoffer András , Jancsek-Turóczi Beatrix , Tóth Ádám , Kiss Gyula , Naghiu Anca , Levei Erika Andrea , Marmureanu Luminita , Machon Attila , Gelencsér András
Published: December 2020

Abstract. It is a common practice in developing countries and in some
regions of Europe that solid wastes generated in households (e.g.
plastic beverage packaging and other plastic wastes, textile wastes,
fibreboards, furniture, tyres, and coloured-paper waste) are burned in wood-
or coal-fired stoves during the winter months. In Europe, the types and
volume of municipal waste burned in households is virtually unknown because
these activities are illegal and not recorded, with the exception of a few
media reports or court cases. Even though particulate emissions from illegal
waste burning pose a significant hazard to human health due to the combination
of excessive emission factors (EFs) and uncontrolled chemical composition,
there is scarce information on the specific EFs for PM10 and polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the scientific literature. In this work,
controlled combustion tests were performed with 12 different types of
municipal solid waste, and particulate emissions were measured and collected
for chemical analysis. Absolute EFs for PM10 and PAHs as well as the
benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) toxicity equivalent of the latter are reported for the first
time for the indoor combustion of 12 common types of municipal solid waste
that are frequently burned in households worldwide. It was found that the
PM10 emission factors from the combustion of wood-based waste samples
were about twice that of firewood, whereas EFs in the range of 11–82 mg g−1 (a factor of 5–40 times higher than that of dry firewood under the
same conditions) were obtained for different types of plastic waste. The
latter were also found to emit exceptionally high quantities of PAHs, by a
factor of 50–750 more than upon the combustion of dry firewood under the
same conditions. Since the more toxic 4–6 ring PAHs were predominant in the
particulate emission from plastic waste burning, BaP equivalent toxicity was
up to 4100 times higher than that from wood combustion.
Estimation of fire-induced carbon emission from Equatorial Asia in
2015 by using in situ aircraft and ship observations
Authors: Niwa Yosuke , Sawa Yousuke , Nara Hideki , Machida Toshinobu , Matsueda Hidekazu , Umezawa Taku , Ito Akihiko , Nakaoka Shin-Ichiro , Tanimoto Hiroshi , Tohjima Yasunori
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The inverse analysis was used to estimate the fire carbon emission in Equatorial Asia induced by the big El Niño in 2015. This inverse analysis is unique because it extensively used high-precision atmospheric mole fraction data of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the commercial aircraft observation project. By comparisons with independent shipboard observations, especially carbon monoxide (CO) data, the validity of the estimated fire-induced carbon emission was elucidated. The best estimate, which used both aircraft and shipboard CO2 observations, indicated 273 Tg C for fire emission during September–October 2015. This two-month-long emission accounts for 75 % of the annual total fire emission and 45 % of the annual total net carbon flux within the region, indicating that fire emission is a dominant driving force of interannual variations of carbon fluxes in Equatorial Asia. Several sensitivity experiments demonstrated that aircraft observations could measure fire signals, though they showed a certain degree of sensitivity to prior fire-emission data. The inversions coherently estimated smaller fire emissions than the priors, partially because of the small contribution of peatland fires, indicated by enhancement ratios of CO and CO2 observed by the ship. In the future warmer climate condition, Equatorial Asia would experience more severe droughts and have risks for releasing a large amount of carbon into the atmosphere. Therefore, the continuation of aircraft and shipboard observations is fruitful for reliable monitoring of carbon fluxes in Equatorial Asia.
A global study of hygroscopicity-driven light scattering
enhancement in the context of other in-situ aerosol optical properties
Authors: Titos Gloria , Burgos María A. , Zieger Paul , Alados-Arboledas Lucas , Baltensperger Urs , Jefferson Anne , Sherman James , Weingartner Ernest , Henzing Bas , Luoma Krista , O'Dowd Colin , Wiedensohler Alfred , Andrews Elisabeth
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The scattering and backscattering enhancement factors (f(RH) and fb(RH)) describe how aerosol particle light scattering and backscattering, respectively, change with relative humidity (RH). They are important parameters in estimating direct aerosol radiative forcing (DARF). In this study we use a dataset presented in Burgos et al. (2019) that compiles f(RH) and fb(RH) measurements at three wavelengths (i.e. 450, 550 and 700 nm) performed with tandem nephelometer systems at multiple sites around the world. We present an overview of f(RH) and fb(RH) based on both long-term and campaign observations from 23 sites representing a range of aerosol types. The scattering enhancement shows a strong variability from site to site, with no clear pattern with respect to total scattering coefficient. In general, higher f(RH) is observed at Arctic and marine sites while lower values are found at urban and desert sites, although a consistent pattern as a function of site type is not observed. The backscattering enhancement fb(RH) is consistently lower tan f(RH) at all sites, with the difference between f(RH) and fb(RH) increasing for aerosol with higher f(RH). This is consistent with Mie theory which predicts higher enhancement of the light-scattering in the forward than in the backward direction as the particle takes up water. Our results show that the scattering enhancement is higher for PM1 than PM10 at most sites, which is also supported by theory due to the change in scattering efficiency with the size parameter that relates particle size and wavelength of incident light. At marine-influenced sites this difference is enhanced when coarse particles (likely sea salt) predominate. For most sites, f(RH) is observed to increase with increasing wavelength, except at sites with a known dust influence where the spectral dependence of f(RH) is found to be low or even exhibit the opposite pattern. The impact of RH on aerosol properties used to calculate radiative forcing (e.g., single scattering albedo, ω0, and backscattered fraction, b) is evaluated. The single scattering albedo generally increases with RH while b decreases. The net effect of aerosol hygroscopicity on radiative forcing efficiency (RFE) is an increase in the absolute forcing effect (negative sign) by a factor of up to 4 at RH = 90 % compared to dry conditions (RH
Is our dynamical understanding of the circulation changes associated
with the Antarctic ozone hole sensitive to the choice of reanalysis dataset?
Authors: Orr Andrew , Lu Hua , Martineau Patrick , Gerber Ed P. , Marshall Gareth , Bracegirdle Tom J.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. This study quantifies differences among four widely used atmospheric reanalysis datasets (ERA5, JRA-55, MERRA-2, and CSFR) in their representation of the dynamical changes induced by severe springtime polar stratospheric ozone depletion in the Southern Hemisphere during 1980–2001. The intercomparison is undertaken as part of the SPARC (Stratosphere–troposphere Processes and their Role in Climate) Reanalysis Intercomparison Project (S-RIP). The dynamical changes associated with the ozone hole are examined by investigating the eddy heat and momentum fluxes and wave forcing. The reanalyses are generally in good agreement in their representation of the expected strengthening of the lower stratospheric polar vortex during the austral spring-summer season, as well as the descent of anomalously strong winds to the surface during summer and the subsequent poleward displacement and intensification of the polar front jet. Differences in the trends in zonal wind are generally small compared to the mean trends. The exception is CSFR, which shows greater disagreement compared to the other three reanalysis datasets, with stronger westerly winds in the lower stratosphere in spring and a larger poleward displacement of the tropospheric westerly jet in summer. Although our results suggest a high degree of consistency across the four reanalysis datasets in the representation of the dynamical changes associated with the ozone hole, there are larger differences in the wave forcing and eddy propagation changes compared to the similarities in the circulation trends. There is a large amount of disagreement in CFSR wave forcing/propagation trends compared to the other three reanalyses, while the best agreement is found between ERA5 and JRA-55. The underlying causes of these differences are consistent with the wind response being more constrained by the assimilation of observations compared to the wave forcing, which is more dependent on the model-based forecasts that can differ between reanalyses. Looking forward, these findings give us confidence that reanalysis datasets can be used to assess changes associated with the ongoing recovery of stratospheric ozone.
Plateaus and jumps in the atmospheric radiocarbon record – potential origin and value as global age markers for glacial-to-deglacial paleoceanography, a synthesis
Authors: Sarnthein Michael , Küssner Kevin , Grootes Pieter M. , Ausin Blanca , Eglinton Timothy , Muglia Juan , Muscheler Raimund , Schlolaut Gordon
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Changes in the geometry of ocean meridional overturning circulation (MOC)
are crucial in controlling past changes of climate and the carbon inventory
of the atmosphere. However, the accurate timing and global correlation of
short-term glacial-to-deglacial changes of MOC in different ocean basins
still present a major challenge. The fine structure of jumps and plateaus in
atmospheric and planktic radiocarbon (14C) concentration reflects
changes in atmospheric 14C production, ocean–atmosphere 14C
exchange, and ocean mixing. Plateau boundaries in the atmospheric 14C
record of Lake Suigetsu, now tied to Hulu Cave U∕Th model ages instead of optical
varve counts, provide a stratigraphic “rung ladder” of up to 30 age tie
points from 29 to 10 cal ka for accurate dating of planktic oceanic 14C records. The age differences between contemporary planktic and atmospheric
14C plateaus record the global distribution of 14C reservoir ages
for surface waters of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and deglacial Heinrich
Stadial 1 (HS-1), as documented in 19 and 20 planktic 14C records, respectively. Elevated
and variable reservoir ages mark both upwelling regions and high-latitude
sites covered by sea ice and/or meltwater. 14C ventilation ages of LGM
deep waters reveal opposed geometries of Atlantic and Pacific MOC. Like
today, Atlantic deep-water formation went along with an estuarine inflow of
old abyssal waters from the Southern Ocean up to the northern North Pacific
and an outflow of upper deep waters. During early HS-1, 14C ventilation
ages suggest a reversed MOC and ∼1500-year flushing of
the deep North Pacific up to the South China Sea, when estuarine circulation
geometry marked the North Atlantic, gradually starting near 19 ka. High
14C ventilation ages of LGM deep waters reflect a major drawdown of
carbon from the atmosphere. The subsequent major deglacial age drop reflects
changes in MOC accompanied by massive carbon releases to the atmosphere as
recorded in Antarctic ice cores. These new features of MOC and the carbon
cycle provide detailed evidence in space and time to test and refine ocean
models that, in part because of insufficient spatial model resolution and
reference data, still poorly reproduce our data sets.
OPTiMAL: a new machine learning approach for GDGT-based palaeothermometry
Authors: Dunkley Jones Tom , Eley Yvette L. , Thomson William , Greene Sarah E. , Mandel Ilya , Edgar Kirsty , Bendle James A.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. In the modern oceans, the relative abundances of glycerol dialkyl glycerol
tetraether (GDGT) compounds produced by marine archaeal communities show a
significant dependence on the local sea surface temperature at the site of
deposition. When preserved in ancient marine sediments, the measured
abundances of these fossil lipid biomarkers thus have the potential to
provide a geological record of long-term variability in planetary surface
temperatures. Several empirical calibrations have been made between observed
GDGT relative abundances in late Holocene core-top sediments and modern
upper ocean temperatures. These calibrations form the basis of the widely
used TEX86 palaeothermometer. There are, however, two outstanding
problems with this approach: first the appropriate assignment of uncertainty
to estimates of ancient sea surface temperatures based on the relationship
of the ancient GDGT assemblage to the modern calibration dataset, and
second, the problem of making temperature estimates beyond the range of the
modern empirical calibrations (> 30 ∘C). Here we
apply modern machine learning tools, including Gaussian process emulators
and forward modelling, to develop a new mathematical approach we call
OPTiMAL (Optimised Palaeothermometry from
Tetraethers via MAchine Learning) to improve
temperature estimation and the representation of uncertainty based on the
relationship between ancient GDGT assemblage data and the structure of the
modern calibration dataset. We reduce the root mean square uncertainty on
temperature predictions (validated using the modern dataset) from
∼ ±6 ∘C using TEX86-based
estimators to ±3.6 ∘C using Gaussian process
estimators for temperatures below 30 ∘C. We also provide a
new quantitative measure of the distance between an ancient GDGT assemblage
and the nearest neighbour within the modern calibration dataset, as a test
for significant non-analogue behaviour.
Grain boundary diffusion and its relation to segregation of multiple elements in yttrium aluminum garnet
Authors: Polednia Joana , Dohmen Ralf , Marquardt Katharina
Published: December 2020

Abstract. We studied grain boundary diffusion and segregation of
La, Fe, Mg, and Ti in a crystallographically defined grain boundary in
yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG). Bi-crystals were synthesized by wafer
bonding. Perpendicular to the grain boundary, a thin-film diffusion source
of a La3.60Al4.40O12 was deposited by pulsed laser
deposition. Diffusion anneals were performed at 1000 and 1450 ∘C. Via a gas phase small amounts of elements were added during
the experiment. The element concentration distributions in our bi-crystals
were mapped using analytical transmission electron microscopy (ATEM). Our
results show strong segregation of La and Ti at the grain boundary. However,
in the presence of Ti, the La concentrations dropped below the detection
limit. Quantitative element distribution profiles along and across the grain
boundary were fitted by a numerical diffusion model for our bi-crystal
geometry that considers the segregation of elements into the grain boundary.
The shape of the diffusion profiles of Fe requires the presence of two
diffusion modes, e.g., the co-diffusion of Fe2+ as well as Fe3+.
The absence of a detectable concentration gradient along the grain boundary
in many experiments allows a minimum value to be determined for the product of
sDgb. The resulting sDgb are a minimum of 7 orders of magnitude
larger than their respective volume diffusion coefficient, specifically for La = 10−14 m2 s−1, Fe = 10−11 m2 s−1, Mg = Si = 10−12 m2 s−1, and Ti = 10−14 m2 s−1 at 1450 ∘C. Additionally, we model the effect
of convolution arising from the given spatial resolution of our analysis
with the resolution of our modeled system. Such convolution effects result
in a non-unique solution for the segregation coefficient, e.g., for example
for Mg between 2–3. Based on our data we predict that bulk diffusion of
impurities in a mono-phase polycrystalline aggregate of YAG is effectively
always dominated by grain boundary diffusion.
FIRE IN TERRITÓRIO QUILOMBOLA KALUNGA - GO - BRAZIL: AN ASSESSMENT OF FREQUENCY, LOCATION AND CONSEQUENCES
Authors: Santos S. A. , Ribeiro N. V.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The Território Quilombola Kalunga de Goiás (TKG) was established by law nº. 11,409/GO, and was federally regularized as territory in 2009. Its total area covers three Municipalities of Goiás: Monte Alegre de Goiás, Teresina de Goiás and Cavalcante. There live remaining communities of quilombolas. The present work aims to evaluate the recurrence of fires in this Territory and in its surroundings, doing relationships between land use and land cover and burned areas. For this purpose, were used data generated from satellite images, made available in public databases, and procedures in GIS. During the annualized time, the frequency of fires was moderate. Grassland had the largest proportion of burned areas.
Human resources practices and job satisfaction on customer satisfaction: The mediating role of quality of customer interaction in online call center
Authors: Eneizan Bilal , Taamneh Mohammad , Enaizan Odai , Almaaitah Mohammad Fathi , Ngah Abdul Hafaz , Alsakarneh Asaad
Published: December 2020

The frequently discussed topic of job satisfaction is not new in the field of organizational behavior research. Job satisfaction is related to customer satisfaction; however, there is a scarcity of empirical evidence regarding this link. The current piece of research examines the said relationship in the context of the online call center. In addition, this study investigates the effect of human resources (HR) practices on job satisfaction within the online call center context. The sample of the study consists of 275 employees who were working as an online call center. SMARTPLS 3 was used to analyze the data. The findings of the study indicated a positive relationship between HR practices with job satisfaction. Furthermore, a positive impact of job satisfaction on customer satisfaction is observed. The mediation of customer interaction quality is also found to be significant in the relationship between job satisfaction and customer satisfaction.
Energy efficient target set selection and buffer management for D2D mobile data offloading
Authors: Sharma Prince
Published: December 2020

Data offloading offers a significant solution to the problem of explosive rise in mobile data traffic. A naive approach would be to utilize the infrastructure (cellular tower, WiFi, femtocell) or other mobile devices to offload data. However, increasing the number of a cellular towers, WiFi, or femtocells is costlier deal for data delivery. Recently, device-to-device (D2D) paradigm of data communication has emerged out as one of the most promising solutions to deal with cost effective cellular traffic offloading. D2D communication provides a direct communication link between closely located mobile users. Another significant feature of D2D is its content centric nature, which makes it useful in data offloading. In this paper, we have addressed the issue of data offloading in mobile devices and proposed a hybrid model of D2D communication with ad-hoc nature. The paper also considers the issues like memory constraints of the devices, pruning of replicated messages and energy efficiency to increase the lifetime of the battery. Considering all the constraints and trade off, we have modeled our problem into optimal target selection problem and distributed community detection problem, both of which are NP-hard. We propose a clustering algorithm to optimize the cooperative mobile nodes. The proposed algorithm uses the betweenness centrality and k-means for optimizing target set section. Our proposed algorithm requires less time in terms of computational complexity with limited space. We compare it with the community-based approach in terms of load transferred for varying target set sizes for validation. The simulation results of the suggested algorithm may reduce the energy requirements up to 16.7% and is able to accommodate 80% more traffic as compared to the community-based algorithm.
The Older Gamer in Games Studies: Marginalised or Idealised?
Authors: Wu Huan , Guo Chen
Published: December 2020

This study concerns older gamers, who are often neglected in the gaming world. After reviewing the literature about older gamers, we have found most studies focus on the therapeutic function of videogames for solving problems related to age. Using an intersectional vision of critical gerontology studies and critical disability studies, we find that implicit compulsory youthfulness and compulsory ablebodiedness or ablemindedness colours studies about both older gamers and disabled gamers. These compulsory systems not only put older gamers and disabled gamers into a passive treatment-receiving position but also exclude them from a non-utilitarian style of game playing. Moreover, we recognise there are images of so-called ideal game players in current studies about older gamers and disabled gamers. These images further marginalise older gamers and disabled gamers. It is suggested that scholars undertaking future studies avoid ageism and ableism when studying older gamers or disabled gamers. Instead, researchers need to explore the original motivation of ageing people or people with disability to play video games, the sociocultural environment in which they are exposed to games and the specific social conditions under which games affect them.