bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breaking Barriers, Building Bridges: Economic Freedom and Women's Empowerment
Authors: Shoukat Ayza , Abdullah Muhammad , Ghulam Muhammad  , Ghauri Tauqir Ahmad
Published: July 2023

Women’s empowerment conduces economic growth and is crucial for empowering women. Economic freedom means that people can take economic actions independently. Yet, women remain disadvantaged in developing countries like Pakistan. The current study analyses how economic freedom fosters women’s empowerment in Pakistan. We employed time series data for 1990-2021. We employed an index of women’s empowerment (WEI) and the Women's Business and Law Index (WBLI) for economic freedom. WBLI is based on 8 distinct indicators that include diverse aspects of a woman’s life. After unit root testing, we used the ARDL approach followed by the Bound test. The long and short-run empirics have confirmed the association of women’s empowerment and economic freedom in Pakistan. There is a positive and statistically significant relationship between them. A significant ECT term with a negative sign further confirms the long-run association. Women’s mobility, women’s decision to work, rules and laws for equal pay, legal barriers to marriage for women, women’s decision to work after childbirth, restrictions for registering a business on women entrepreneurs, discrimination in the division of property and regulation for women’s pension are the factors that still impede the absolute economic freedom of women in the society.
Socio-Economic Determinants of Urbanization in the Perspective of Pakistan
Authors: Arif Muhammad , Gill Abid Rashid
Published: July 2023

This analysis examines the socioeconomic determinants of urbanization in Pakistan by using data from 1970 to 2020. For data estimation, an ARDL technique and error correction model is used. The main outcomes show that the variables gross domestic savings, inflation rate, industrialization, education, population growth rate, and GDP per capita are positively associated with urbanization, while the variables financial development and exports are negatively associated with urbanization in Pakistan. However, the impact of inflation rate, remittances, exports of goods and services and GDP per capita on urbanization is statistically insignificant. Considering the study outcomes, it is suggested that to control the increasing growth of urbanization in Pakistan, it is important to design policies to improve the basic necessities in rural areas and strengthen the agriculture sector to discourage rural-to-urban migration.
Green Washing and Brand Crises: Modelling Consumer Trust Repair
Authors: Rashid Hamza , Ahmad Wisal , Hafizullah
Published: July 2023

This study proposes an innovative approach to rebuilding consumer trust following the negative impact of greenwashing, which often leads to a conflicted relationship between corporations and consumers. Through a novel integration of previously unconnected concepts, such as trustworthiness dimensions (Integrity, benevolence, and competence), credibility, empathy, forgiveness, consumer trust repair, revived brand equity, and repurchase intention, this study offers a nuanced and enhanced understanding of the consumer trust repair process. The current research seeks to integrate disparate concepts and theories into a cohesive whole, resulting in a modified version of the consumer trust repair process. Prior studies have examined the phenomenon of consumer trust repair in a relatively narrow and parochial manner and have failed to provide a holistic process-based model. This study, however, attempts to provide a comprehensive, process-based model of consumer trust repair. Through this holistic approach, this research makes a valuable and meaningful contribution to the field of consumer trust repair, providing brand managers with a deeper understanding of the consumer trust recovery process, which has been largely ignored in previous studies. This unique and comprehensive approach will surely capture readers' attention, as it offers a fresh perspective on a crucial issue facing the business world today.
ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF GEOPHAGIC CLAY (‘EKO’), FROM UBIAJA IN EDO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Edene O. A. , Aghedo O. N.
Published: July 2023

In Edo State, Nigeria, geophagia (‘Eko’) is highly prevalent, and men and women, especially pregnant women, are believed to indulge in its consumption as a remedy for vomiting (nausea) and some other related inconveniences in pregnancy. Others are due to a natural craving. These practices are associated with varying health complications; as such, it is pertinent that the physical and chemical composition of the clay be known. In this study, we assessed the levels of heavy metals and trace elements of clinical importance in ‘Eko’, as well as their physical and chemical properties using standard protocols. Tests conducted include: colour, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), total dissolved solids (TDS), particle density, and concentrations of metals [chloride (Cl), sulphate (S), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), aluminium (Al), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd)]. The results obtained showed that some of the elements (Cl, Ca, Na and Mg) are present in moderate concentrations (353.33, 182.33, 216, 111.33 mg/kg) respectively. However, concentrations of some of the heavy metals [(Cd, Pb and Cr) (0.30, 0.26, 0.42 mg/kg) respectively], were higher than the permissible limits (65, 35, 25 µg/kg) set by WHO. Though some of the moderately present trace metals may play important biological roles, the high concentrations of some heavy metals could have detrimental health effects. Results from this study suggest that ‘Eko’ can predispose consumers to health hazards. As such, the continuous consumption of “Eko” should be discouraged
Reservoir Characterization of an Onshore Geofield in Niger Delta, Nigeria, using Offset Well Data
Authors: G.E. Onyishi , G.Z. Ugwu , S.E. Onyishi
Published: July 2023

Three wells (GE_11, G_12 and G_13) in an onshore geofield in the Niger Delta, Nigeria, were used to characterise the reservoirs of the oil field. RokDoc (5.1) and Petrel (2014.1) software were employed for data analysis and characterisation of the reservoirs. A comprehensive petrophysical analysis of each well was carried out in other to ascertain the physical properties such as shale volume, porosity, fluid saturation, net pay thickness and gross pay thickness. The well information was also used to evaluate the lithology and hydrocarbon depth. The hydrocarbon depths in the reservoirs ranged from 3292 to 4121 m, while the hydrocarbon saturation ranged from 0.671 to 0.982. The water saturation ranges from 0.042 to 0.446, while the porosity ranges from 0.145 to 0.216. The bulk volume of water was estimated to vary from 0.015 to 0.025. The reservoir units across the three wells have parameters detailing a characteristically hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir.
State Repression and Militarization of Secessionist Movement in Southeast Nigeria
Authors: M.C. Onyemaobi , O.E. Chris-Sanctus , E.C. Ngwu
Published: July 2023

The advent of democratic regime in Nigeria coupled with its principles of freedom of speech, expression, and association, spark up the rebirth of the Biafra secessionist movements in the southeast geopolitical zone. Such groups like the Movement or Actualisation of Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSOB), the Biafra Zionist Federation (BZF), and the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) have stepped up struggles for the actualization of the sovereign state of Biafra through protests and other forms of social mobilization. The protests have triggered tension and heightened insecurity, with the security agencies often applying excessive force to quell the protests. The extant literature is awash with narratives regarding the recent upsurge and persistent centrifugal demands by pro-Biafra secessionists, fifty years after the Nigerian civil war; scholars agreed that Nigeria state has at one time or the other applied repressive measures to quell secessionist agitations in southeast Nigeria, this in turn have led to increased militarization of these separatist agitations. But none have concretely showed how state repression have aggravated this secessionist agitation in southeast Nigeria. This work is guided by one research questions: How is state repression implicated in the increased militarization of secessionist agitation in southeast Nigeria? This is qualitative research that made use of the Expo-facto research design. Data was collected through secondary sources and analyzed using content analysis and the Gellnerian theory of nation and nationalism. Our findings showed that state repression is to a great extent implicated in the increased militarization of secessionist agitations in southeast Nigeria. Our recommendation was the government should be proactive towards secessionist movements, and instead of the use of force, should adopt a non-kinetic method in tackling such cases, to avoid further militarization of these agitations in southeast Nigeria. Government should also ensure that every ethnic group is included and build the spirit of a nation-state in every citizen.
The Roles of the Church in Addressing the Conflicts Generated by Massive Influx of Fulani People into South-Western Nigeria
Authors: Atowoju Ayodele Adeyinka
Published: July 2023

Nigeria is home to over 380 ethnic groups, with over 500 languages, producing great cultural diversity and plurality. The largest ethnic groups include Hausa consisting 23%, Fulani constituting 6% of the population, Yoruba 21% and Igbo 19%. Every Nigerian is legitimated constitutionally to live and engage in lawful business and relationship anywhere in the country; however, recent expansionist tendencies of Fulani to virtually every city in Southern-Nigeria, has become inimical to territorial policies, security, religious, social and economic development. Fulani sporadic migration has generated violent clashes, causing death, property loss, disregard for civility, desecration of religious institutions and cultural values. Farmlands have been forcefully taken over; and schools turned grazing fields and residences. Ethnic and religious cleavages and inter-ethnic fears and tensions currently pervade Nigeria. Such fear of ethnic politicization bedeviled Kenya, Rwanda and Burundi to mention but a few. This paper is premised on Lewis Coser’s Social Conflict theory, which is defined as a struggle over values or claims to status, power, and scarce resources, in which the aims of conflicting parties are not just to gain desired values, but also to neutralize, injure or eliminate their rivals. Theological hermeneutics, historical and qualitative approaches were employed for data collection. The Church’s role in promoting peaceful co-existence has become critically imperative.
Stroke mimics in a Brazilian stroke center: a retrospective cohort in a Brazilian stroke unit
Authors: Ribas Michelle Zonkowski , Fernandes Alexandre Chaves , Mendonça Lucas Lopes Penido de , Santiago-Filho Paulo Cesar de , Santiago Ruan Braga , Gomes Gabriel Felipe , Santos Nayla Lima dos , Costa Rafaella Iughetti da , Galvão Stéfani Lara , Albuquerque-Filho Luciano Barroso de , Duarte Fairane Sousa , Sallem Camilla Costa , Veras Arthur de Oliveira , Noleto Felipe Micelli , Ramanzini Luis Guilherme , Paticcié Gabriela Ferreira , Nones Diogo Pasquali , Antoniol Tiago , Silva Luiz Aldir da , Santos Júlio César Claudino
Published: July 2023

This study assessed stroke patients in a Brazilian unit to describe the prevalence, clinical presentation, etiology, and treatment outcomes of cases initially diagnosed as stroke mimics (SM). SM refers to conditions that mimic stroke but are not caused by cerebrovascular events. Misdiagnosis can lead to unnecessary and potentially harmful treatments. The study examined patients admitted between October 2012 and September 2013. Among patients with symptoms onset within four hours, 7.1% (10 patients) were classified as SM. Six of these patients received intravenous thrombolysis, a treatment for acute ischemic stroke. The main clinical presentations among SM cases were motor symptoms (90%), dysarthria, and sensory symptoms (60%). The etiology of SM cases varied, with functional disorders being the most common (60%). The findings reveal a significant percentage of patients admitted to the stroke unit were ultimately diagnosed as SM, highlighting the need for improved diagnostic strategies to differentiate between stroke and SM. The study underscores the importance of developing well-defined guidelines to assess SM risk and utilize imaging methods for distinguishing between stroke and SM. Further research is necessary to address these issues and enhance stroke diagnosis accuracy.
Significados de la filosofía y la religiosidad judía en A. Heschel
Authors: Sevilla Godínez Héctor
Published: July 2023

The Judaism has various cultural nuances, with implicit characteristics of the religious experience according to the philosophical perspective of Abraham Heschel. The text reviews some biographical and contextual aspects of Heschel, and alludes to the importance of knowledge, commitment and celebration in the Jewish worldview. Mysticism is linked to some specific attitudes of Jewish observance, such as willingness to study, following the Torah, and piety. The association between Judaism spiritual commitment and its intersectional conception of the infinite and the finite is emphasized.
Experiencias de la evangelización : la construcción del concepto "indio" realizado por los franciscanos durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVI
Authors: Moreno Reséndiz Gerson
Published: July 2023

In the second half of the 16th century, the Franciscans ended up arguing that the Indians were only "minors", and their care and guidance belonged them. This idea had nothing to do with previous concepts or with reality. The Indian revealed to them as a lazy, ignorant, and vicious being who could not govern himself. The semantic burden imposed by the Franciscans would be complemented by other paternalistic postures that reduced the American Indian to an uneducated, barbaric and naive individual on which his legal status in Indian legislation was based, as so many historical prejudices that still weigh on his condition.
Violencia contra periodistas y entornos sociales para la protección de la prensa : una propuesta para el caso mexicano
Authors: del Carmen López Emilio
Published: July 2023

There is a need to build social environments for the protection of the press in contexts of violence targeted at journalists. In those social environments three spheres correlate: political institutional, justice and civil. Mexico is one of the nations with the most attacks on journalists, which forces us to rethink the ways of offering protection to the press.
La deconstrucción ayer y hoy : de la escritura a la plasticidad
Authors: Suárez Gómez Ainhoa
Published: July 2023

Jacques Derrida re-signified the concept of writing, which passed from referring to the simple description of the process of transliteration of the voice, to a phenomenon of inscription of sense prior to any sign. This conceptual extension forged the foundations of deconstruction. This article analyses the central approaches of Derrida’s philosophical project and reflects on the outcome of the philosophy of (arche)writing in the current context of the renewal proposed by the new materialisms and, specifically, by Catherine Malabou’s project.
La experiencia del tiempo en la Recherche de Proust
Authors: Astey Gabriel
Published: July 2023

The structure of À la recherche du temps perdu is explained through the psychic experience of time of the protagonist of the novel, according to the Proustian conception of temporality in light of the thought of Saint Augustine, Henri Bergson and Edmund Husserl.
Justo Sierra : del romanticismo al positivismo, su reflejo en la poesía
Authors: Milán López Juan Alfonso
Published: July 2023

With the rise of national literature during the Restored Republic, Justo Sierra adhered to the romantic and liberal guidelines propagated by Altamirano in such publications as El Renacimiento. However, with the arrival of Porfirio Díaz to power, Sierra’s literature turned to positivism. In this article, the change from the "romantic" Sierra into the "positivist" Sierra is analyzed.
STUDY OF STATICALLY TESTED HONEYCOMB STRUCTURE
Authors: Lubis Sudirman , Siregar Ahmad Marabdi , Siregar Irpansyah
Published: July 2023

Honeycomb structure is a natural or man-made structure (material) that has the geometry of the honeycomb, in addition to being directed to the mass of light construction material, also obtained a degree of flexibility from the selection of such materials. The purpose of this study is to analyze the ability of energy absorption in static press testing. Energy absorption is a method of how an object attenuated due to external pressure. Energy absorption testing is conducted with static press tests, aluminum plate test objects in the form of honeycomb structures with different hexagonal size variations. This test will compare the results of voltage data – strain and energy suppression in each specimen that has been tested to see which is more efficient among three specimens of different hexagonal sizes. The final results of this test will be displayed using a voltage graph – horizontal and vertical position strain and energy absorption capability with horizontal and vertical testing positions. Therefore, the largest energy absorption result is in the horizontal testing position with a hexagonal size of 2 mm, and the smallest energy absorption is found in the vertical testing position with a hexagonal size of 6 mm.
THE EFFECT OF THE QUALITY OF BANKING SERVICES ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AT PT BANK SUMUT SYARIAH MEDAN BRANCH
Authors: Mutholib Mutholib
Published: July 2023

Consumer satisfaction is a person's feelings of pleasure or disappointment arising from comparing performance with product perceptions or results against their expectations. The quality of service is a reflection of the comparison between the level of service delivered by the company compared to customer expectations. This research aims to find out the influence of the quality of banking services provided to customer satisfaction in PT. Bank SUMUT Syariah Medan Branch. The population in this study was customers at Bank SUMUT Syariah Medan branch. The sample is a customer of Bank SUMUT Syariah Medan branch as many as 100 customers. By using axial sampling techniques, namely the determination of samples based on coincidence, i.e. anyone who accidentally met with researchers can be used samples. Data collection techniques in this study are questioner list, interview while the data analysis techniques used are with, ordinary correlation, t test and coefficient of determination. From the correlation coefficient test obtained rxy value = 0.683, which shows a strong influence of service quality on customer satisfaction at PT Bank Sumut Syariah Medan Branch. Based on the t-test obtained thitung > ttabel namely 9,248 > 1,967, then the hypothesis is accepted, so there is a significant influence on the quality of service to customer satisfaction at PT Bank Sumut Syariah Medan Branch. Based on the results of the calculation of coefficient of determination (R2) obtained the value of the coefficient of determination of 46.65%, indicating about 46.65% customer satisfaction can be explained by the quality of service, or practically it can be said that the contribution of service quality to customer satisfaction is 46.65%. The rest is affected by other variables that are not studied.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING MORALE SPRIRIT OF WORK
Authors: Bahagia Rahmad , Putri Linzzy Pratami
Published: July 2023

This study aims to see what factors affect employee morale in Medan City during the COVID-19 pandemic. The population in this study were all private employees in the city of Medan with the sampling technique using accidental samples, where the sample in this study was conducted by 100 people. The research method used is descriptive quantitative using factor analysis techniques. Where from the results of the research conducted there were only 4 (four) dominant factors that influenced morale during the Covid 19 pandemic, namely Compensation, Ability, Motivation, and Leadership.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING (NLP) AS A PROCESSING SOLUTION AND SEMANTIC IMPROVEMENT
Authors: Badawi Afif
Published: July 2023

The purpose of writing this article is to discuss the function of Natural Language Processing (NLP) in semantic improvement. The writing method uses literature related to NLP on semantic processing and refinement. The discussion in this paper shows that natural language processing helps computers communicate with humans in their own language and makes scaling other language-related tasks easier and more systematic. Because NLP includes lexical/scanner analysis, syntactic/parser analysis, semantic/translator analysis and pragmatic/evaluator analysis. Each component is a sequence of interrelated processes and requires a knowledge base to process a language. Lexical analysis requires knowledge of vocabulary (lexicon) to understand word formation. Syntax analysis requires knowledge of grammar rules (grammar) to understand the structure of a sentence. Semantic analysis requires knowledge of the meaning and meaning of words to understand the relationship between words and the meaning of a sentence. Pragmatic analysis requires knowledge of a concept to understand the relationship between language and the context in which it is used.
REVIEW OF CRIMINAL POLICY ON COUNTERING ECONOMIC CRIMES
Authors: Ketaren Abdurrahman Harits
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study is to find out the development of economic crimes. Legal materials obtained in the study of literature, laws and regulations, and articles, are described and linked in such a way that it can be presented in a more systematic writing to answer the research problems that have been formulated. There is an international tendency today to pursue policies that prioritize or put forward criminal law in tackling certain crimes as a means of deterrent. Thus, the position of criminal law in anticipating violations related to administrative law can be used as 'ultimum remedium' and in certain cases certain acts can also be applied as 'primum remedium'. justification for criminalization for an offender, but still should not eliminate his human power in achieving new values and new adaptations. Therefore at the same time, the offender must be directed through various 'improvement efforts' to achieve a fuller form as a human being.
SMS GATEWAY-BASED EARLY FLOOD DETECTION WARNING SYSTEM DESIGN
Authors: Ramadhani Shindy , Putri Nadya Andhika , Sulistianingsih Indri , Hariyanto Eko
Published: July 2023

Natural disasters that are familiar and often occur around the world, including our country Indonesia one of which is flooding, and not infrequently this also often occurs at night and when the home occupier is not in a place that usually often causes material losses and not infrequently also causes fatalities. This study aims to implement a prototype system that allows to know the possibility of flooding before water enters the area or area of people's homes by using alerts in the form of alarm sounds or sms messages. Which is where this flood-cutting early warning prototype system will use Arduino as a microcontroller that will thoroughly control the ultrasonic sensor as a water level detector and buzzer sensor as a sounder or alarm when the water level has reached a certain limit, Where sms will be directly sent by the SENSOR SIM800L to the citizen's mobile phone or contact number that has been adjusted by the system. So the final result of this small study is that a prototype system of early warning of SMS Gateway-based flood detection will be very helpful for residents to know how the water level will be when entering people's homes.
MARKETING STRATEGY OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS BY UTILIZING SOCIAL MEDIA IN KELAMBIR LIMA KEBUN VILLAGE, HAMPARAN PERAK DISTRICT, DELI SERDANG REGENCY
Authors: Lubis Hidayati Purnama
Published: July 2023

Indonesia as one of the countries that produce a lot of agricultural products, one of them is Labu Kuning fruit (Cucurbita moschata), which is quite easy in various places in Indonesia such as in Kelambir Lima Kebun, District Hamparan Perak, Deli Serdang regency which becomes an ingredient to be processed and used as a snack finished product such as diamonds and crackers.  The processed products have the opportunity to become a source of income for the people in the village and reduce the number of unemployed. Community service is implemented aimed at providing solutions that provide counseling to community groups consisting of Housewives and Youth, how to market and sell products that have been produced can compete in the market by using social media, with the ultimate goal of increasing income and welfare of the household.
ANALYSIS OF LEGAL ASPECTS ON SALE AND PURCHASE OF HIGH HERITAGE LAND DISPUTES
Authors: Kartika Nana
Published: July 2023

Land disputes are one of the problems that are not easily solved and must be resolved carefully. High inheritance is the common property of a people who have blood ties and are inherited through generations from their earlier ancestors. Buying and selling according to customary law is exchange and is called cash or cash. The problem of ulayat land (high heirloom) can not be traded based on West Sumatra Regulation No. 6 of 2008 concerning ulayat land and its utilization. This study examines what is included in the scope arrangement according to sentence no. 11/Pdt.G/2015/PN. BSK, what factors are the cause of the dispute of high heirloom land and how the settlement of high heirloom land disputes sold is determined by the Batusangkar District Court Data collection techniques using primary data, namely observation and secondary data that is obtained from legislation, books, scientific works related to this research, legal dictionaries, official documents and regulations.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING DEBT POLICY IN PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES
Authors: Alpi M. Firza
Published: July 2023

Debt policy is one of the external funding decisions. Debt policy is the company's policy of using debt funds by maximizing the debt to obtain a high level of return on profits. This study aims to determine the effect of Asset Structure and Profitability on Debt Policy on Pharmaceutical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This research approach uses an associative approach. The population used is 9 companies, the method of determining the number of samples in this study is non-probability sampling and the selected sample as many as 7 companies. The results showed that the Asset Structure partially had no significant effect on Debt Policy, while Profitability had a negative and significant impact on debt policy. Then simultaneously the Asset Structure and Profitability have a significant effect on debt policy on pharmaceutical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.
THE ROLE OF SCHOOL AND TEACHING METHOD THROUGH MARIA MONTESSORI AND JOHANN HEINRICH PESTALOZZI`S VIEW
Authors: Lubis Sofni Indah Arifa
Published: July 2023

The development of each child must be observed. The education and teaching methods need to be adjusted to the child’s development. Montessori and Pestalozzi are early childhood education experts who opened-up the eyes to a new way of teaching method in the golden age stages in children.  This study examined Montessori’s and Pestalozzi`s concepts on early childhood education. Pestalozzi believed empowering individual skills can improve the society, capable of knowing what is right and what is wrong and of acting according to this knowledge. On the other hand, Montessori believed that children have power to learn naturally and challenge themselves to do something big and to live independently. This research used library approach. The results showed that both experts agreed on (1) the cognitive, affective, and psycho-motoric aspects of a child needs to be stimulate, (2) learning environment should be structured in a  so the children can learn naturally, and (3) teachers are required to become observers.  These patterns of education put children as the subject of teaching method. Both methods are applicable and expected to be able to maximize in shaping the children`s character at their golden ages.
INFLUENCE OF THE MIX OF PRICE, PLACE, PROCESS ON GUEST SATISFACTION OF GRAND ORRI BERASTAGI HOTEL IN 2021
Authors: Tampubolon Herikson
Published: July 2023

The purpose of the research is to find out the influence of Price, Place, Process on Guest satisfaction at Grand Orri Berastagi Hotel. The type of research used is a quantitative approach. The sample used as many as 95 hotel guests as respondents. Data collection techniques using questionnaires. Data analysis techniques use validity test, reliability test, normality test, heterokedasity test, multiconearity test, simple liner regression test, partial test (t test), model test (F test), and determination coefficient test. The results showed that Price, Place, Process had a significant effect on guest satisfaction.
IMPROVED FIRE-PROOF INSTALLATION SECURITY TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Lesmana Dicky
Published: July 2023

In this study conducted a discussion of electrical installation of buildings as electrical equipment assemblies in buildings related to each other, to meet certain purposes or intentions and have coordinated characteristics, what is already stated in the General Requirements of Electrical Installation (PUIL 2000). The purpose and purpose of the electrical installation is for the business of electrical installations to be held properly, to ensure human safety from the dangers of electric shock, the safety of electrical installations and their equipment, the security of buildings and their contents from fires caused by electricity, and environmental protection. Things that have been considered trivial by the community, unwittingly have been the trigger for the high number of fire cases. Fires can occur if there are three elements, namely flammable materials, oxygen and sparks. Short circuit of electric current or (electrical short circuit) that causes flame catches to flammable materials, is still the trigger for high fire rates.
RECONSIDERING DINAR GOLD MONEY AS INTERNATIONAL TRADE CURRENCY: LITERATURE STUDY
Authors: Soemitra Andri , Ismal Rifki , Pane Sanusi Gazali , Lesmono Bambang , Alhamdi Ridha , Hasibuan Muhammad Zulkifli
Published: July 2023

It is common knowledge that the economic crisis is caused by the failure of paper money to maintain price stability, devaluation, and redistribution effects. Exchange rate fluctuations severely hamper international trade and finance. On the other hand, gold has a more stable exchange rate and is relatively exchangeable for various needs. Gold has the same intrinsic value as any other commodity. However, it can serve as an international unit or units of account. The funds can be used as settlements in international trade payments. In the context of the optimum currency area (OCA), trade barriers between countries are increasingly being removed, including forming a common currency. The use of gold as a form of union currency would facilitate payments and benefit member states. International payment arrangements can also be made within the framework of bilateral and multilateral payment agreements. We support the analytical model of Ahmed Kamel Mydin Meera which reveals that the gold dinar can replace the fiat money as a payment transaction, as well as as a settlement in international trade with a note after economic and monetary integration is formed.
THE EFFECT OF WORK DISCIPLINE AND WORK ABILITY ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AT PT. PLN (PERSERO) RAYON MEDAN SELATAN
Authors: Astuti Rini , Pratama Nanda Nur
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this research is  to find out and analyze the effect of work discipline on employee performance, to find out and analyze the effect of work ability on employee performance and to find out and analyze the effect of work discipline and work ability on employee performance at PT. PLN (Persero) Rayon South Medan. In this research on approach used through an associative approach. The sample used in this research is saturated sampling teachnique, where the entire population is sampled. The data collection techniques used in the research are questionnaires and data analysis teaches using SPSS (Statistical Package For The Social Sciences). to test the three hypotheses advanced in the research. research shous that the effect of work discipline and work ability on employee performance.
THE EFFECT OF WORK STRESS AND WORK CONFLICT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF EMPLOYEES OF THE KARO DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT AGENCY
Authors: Tampubolon Herikson , Purba Benny
Published: July 2023

This research was conducted at the Karo District Disaster Management Agency Office located at Jalan Letjend Djamin Ginting No. 62 Kabanjahe. This study aims to determine the influence of occupational stress (X1) and work conflict (X2) on employee performance (Y) at the karo district disaster management agency office, both simultaneously and partially. In this study, the sampling technique used is Non Probability Sampling, namely Saturated Sampling. The number of samples in this study was 63 employees of the Karo District Disaster Management Agency. The type of research used is quantitative descriptive research using a causal associative approach. Hypothesis testing in this study using F test technique and t test with SPSS version 22 application. The results showed that work stress negatively and significantly affected employee performance by -2,426. Work conflicts negatively and significantly affected employee performance by -3,054. Simultaneously work stress and work conflict had a positive and significant effect on the performance of employees of the Karo District Disaster Management Agency office of 11,738. Good management of work stress and work conflicts is needed to improve employee performance.
RETURN ON ASSET : CURRENT RATIO AND DEBT TO ASSET RATIO COMPANIES IN INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE
Authors: Irsan Muhammad , Rambe Muis Fauzi
Published: July 2023

The goal to be achieved in this study is to analyze and determine the effect of the Current Ratio variable on the Return On Asset variable in food and beverage companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2014-2018 period. To analyze and determine the effect of the Total Debt to Total Assets Ratio variable on the Return On Assets variable in food and beverage companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2014-2018 period. To analyze and determine the effect of Current Ratio and Debt to Assets Ratio on Return On Assets in food and beverage companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2014-2018. In this study, quantitative descriptive data is used which aims to carry out an associative approach. The results of the study showCurrent ratiosignificant positive effect on Return on Assets in food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2014-2018 period. Debt to Asset Ratio has a significant positive effect on Return on Assets in food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2014-2018 period.Current Ratio and Debt to Asset Ratio jointly have a significant positive effect on Return on Assets in food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2014-2018 period.
EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE ROLE: COMMUNICATION AND WORK DISCIPLINE
Authors: Iskandar Dani
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of communication and work discipline on employee performance at PDAM Tirtanadi, North Sumatra. The population of this study was taken from all employees of PDAM Tirtanadi in North Sumatra, and a sample of 63 employees using the Slobin formula. The data acquisition technique using a questionnaire has been tested for validity and reliability, as well as library research. The data analysis technique used classical hypothesis test, multiple regression, F test, t test, and coefficient of determination. Based on the results of the simultaneous test, it was found that the value of Fcount (8.400) > Ftable (3.150), and sig (.000a) < 5% (0.05). Simultaneously, communication and work discipline have a significant effect on the performance of PDAM Tirtanadi employees, North Sumatra Province. Based on the t-test of the communication variable, the tcount value is 2.230 > ttable 2000 with sig. 0.029. This shows that there is an effect of communication on the performance of PDAM Tirtanadi employees, North Sumatra Province. Variable work discipline tcount 2,976 > ttable 2,000 with sig. 0.004. shows that work discipline has a significant effect on the performance of PDAM Tirtanadi employees, North Sumatra Province. The value of the coefficient of determination is 0.219. This shows that 2.19% of the communication and work discipline variables explain the performance of PDAM Tirtanadi employees, North Sumatra Province. While 78.1% is influenced by other variables not examined. shows that work discipline has a significant effect on the performance of PDAM Tirtanadi employees, North Sumatra Province. The value of the coefficient of determination is 0.219. This shows that 2.19% of the communication and work discipline variables explain the performance of PDAM Tirtanadi employees, North Sumatra Province. While 78.1% is influenced by other variables not examined. shows that work discipline has a significant effect on the performance of PDAM Tirtanadi employees, North Sumatra Province. The value of the coefficient of determination is 0.219. This shows that 2.19% of the communication and work discipline variables explain the performance of PDAM Tirtanadi employees, North Sumatra Province. While 78.1% is influenced by other variables not examined.
THE EFFECT OF TOTAL ASSET TURNOVER, NET PROFIT MARGIN, AND DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO ON PROFIT GROWTH ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE
Authors: Firman Dody , Salvia Salvia
Published: July 2023

This study aims to determine whether total asset turnover, net profit margin, and debt to equity ratio have an effect either partially or simultaneously on profit growth in automotive companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The approach used in this study is an associative approach. The population used in this study were 13 companies and a sample that met the criteria using the purposive sampling method was 7 companies. Data collection techniques used in this study using documentation techniques and data sources used in this study are secondary data sources. The data analysis technique used in this study is a quantitative technique with multiple linear regression analysis, hypothesis testing and coefficient of determination test. Data management using SPSS (Statistical Package For The Social Sciences) version 20 for windows. The results of this study are partially total asset turnover has no effect on profit growth. Partially, net profit margin has no effect on profit growth. Partially the debt to equity ratio has an effect on profit growth. Simultaneously total asset turnover, net profit margin, and debt to equity affect profit growth in automotive companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2014-2018 period. Partially the debt to equity ratio has an effect on profit growth. Simultaneously total asset turnover, net profit margin, and debt to equity affect profit growth in automotive companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2014-2018 period. Partially the debt to equity ratio has an effect on profit growth. Simultaneously total asset turnover, net profit margin, and debt to equity affect profit growth in automotive companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2014-2018 period.
THE ROLE OF EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AFFECTING THE WORK ENVIRONMENT AND LEADERSHIP
Authors: Azhar Elfi
Published: July 2023

Employee performance is one of the important aspects in the organization, in addition to achieving goals optimally and can make a positive contribution to the development of employees in the world of work. Employee performance is influenced by many factors such as leadership, work environment, career development, skills, motivation and work environment. This study does not consider all factors, but only focuses on leadership style and work environment. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the impact of leadership on employee performance, identify and analyze the impact of the workplace on employee performance, and determine the impact of leadership and workplace on employee performance. PDAM Tirtanadi employee, North Sumatra. This study uses the theory of human resources related to leadership, work environment and employee performance. The approach used in this study is an associative approach. The population of this study is entirely dependent on PDAM Tirtanadi, North Sumatra, as many as 265 people, but the sample that meets the criteria for taking observation samples is 158 people using the Slovenian formula. The method of data collection in this study used the questionnaire method. The data analysis technique in this study uses classical hypothesis testing, multiple regression, hypothesis testing (t-test and F-test), and determinants. Data processing in this study used the Social Science Statistics Package (SPSS) version 2.00. Partially,Leadership is known to have a positive and significant effect on employee performance at the PDAM head office in Tirtanadhi, North Sumatra. In part, the work environment is known to have a positive and significant effect on employee performance at the PDAM head office in Tirtanadhi, North Sumatra. Meanwhile, leadership and working conditions are known to have a significant positive effect on employee performance at the head office of PDAM Tirtanadi, North Sumatra.
EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE ROLE: DISCIPLINE AND LEADERSHIP
Authors: Farisi Salman , Arif Muhammad
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the influence of leadership on employee performance, identify and analyze the effect of discipline on employee performance, and leadership and discipline on employee performance at the DPRD Secretariat, identify and analyze its impact. North Sumatra. The approach used in this study is an associative approach. The population of this study consisted of 132 employees of the DPRD Secretariat of North Sumatra, and 57 samples used in this study were taken from all Slovenian recipes. The data collection method in this study used a questionnaire. The data analysis technique in this study used the classical hypothesis test, multiple regression, t test, F test, and the coefficient of determination. Data processing for this study was carried out using the SPSS program (version 2.00). Partial leadership is known to have a positive and significant effect on the performance of the North Sumatra DPRD Secretariat staff. This discipline is known to have a positive and significant impact on the performance of the North Sumatra DPRD Secretariat staff. Meanwhile, leadership and discipline are known to have a significant positive effect on the performance of the North Sumatra DPRD Secretariat staff.
THE ROLE OF EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE REGARDING THE EFFECT OF WORK DISCIPLINE AND LEADERSHIP
Authors: Yusnandar Willy , Hasibuan Jasman Saripuddin
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this research is toTo find out and analyze the effect of work discipline and work discipline on the performance of the employees of the Regional Water Company (PDAM) Tirtanadi HM Branch. Yamin Medan. The research approach carried out by the researcher is associative research. The number of samples in this study amounted to 33 respondents. The data collection technique uses primary data in the form of a questionnaire and uses a Likert scale in the selection of assessment responses, while the data analysis technique uses multiple linear analysis, classical assumptions, hypothesis testing, coefficient of determination. Based on the results of data analysis, the work discipline variable has a partial effect on employee performance. Furthermore, the work discipline variable has a partial effect on employee performance.
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND WORK DISCIPLINE
Authors: Pohan Mukmin
Published: July 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of organizational commitment and work discipline on the performance of employees of PT. PLN (Persero) Main Unit for North Sumatra Region. This research approach uses an associative and quantitative approach. The sampling technique used a sampling technique using the slovin formula totaling 65 people. The data collection technique used in this study used a questionnaire/questionnaire and interview techniques. The data analysis technique in this study uses Multiple Linear Regression, Classical Assumption Test, Hypothesis Testing (t-test and f-test) and Coefficient of Determination. The data processing in this study used the SPSS (Statistical Package For the Social Sciences) software version 16.0. The results showed that simultaneously organizational commitment and work discipline had a positive and significant effect on the performance of PT. PLN (Persero) Main Unit for North Sumatra Region. Based on the partial test, it shows that the organizational commitment variable has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, and the work discipline variable has a positive and significant effect on the performance of PT. PLN (Persero) Main Unit for North Sumatra Region.
BUYING DECISION INFLUENCE WITH PRICE, PRODUCT QUALITY AND PROMOTING
Authors: Hidayat Rahmat
Published: July 2023

Consumers continue to experience rashes due to inappropriate skin care, use of counterfeit products, and use of harmful ingredients such as skin care ingredients that influence Nature Republic skin care product decisions. The purpose of this study was to analyze and determine the effect of product quality, price and promotion which simultaneously or partially influences consumer purchasing decisions for Generation Y Skincare Nature Republic products in Binjai City. This research is a combined quantitative research. The population in this study was Generation Y in Binjai and the sample used in this study was 96 people using the Objective Sampling method. The data collection method in this study used a questionnaire. The data analysis technique in this study used multiple linear regression, classical hypothesis testing, t test and F test, and the coefficient of determination. Part of product quality has a big influence on purchasing decisions, part of price has a big influence on purchasing decisions, and promotions have a big influence on purchasing decisions. At the same time, product quality, price and promotion will have a significant impact on purchasing decisions for Generation Y skin care products in Binjai City. and promotions have a great influence on purchasing decisions. At the same time, product quality, price and promotion will have a significant impact on purchasing decisions for Generation Y skin care products in Binjai City. and promotions have a great influence on purchasing decisions. At the same time, product quality, price and promotion will have a significant impact on purchasing decisions for Generation Y skin care products in Binjai City.