bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tình hình đề kháng kháng sinh của phế cầu và kết quả điều trị viêm phổi do phế cầu ở trẻ em tại Bệnh viện Nhi Trung ương
Authors: Quyệt Nguyễn Đăng , Tuấn Đào Minh , Phúc Bùi Quang , Nga Trương Thị Việt
Published: September 2021

Đặt vấn đề/ Mục tiêu: Phế cầu là nguyên nhân gây viêm phổi hay gặp nhất ở trẻ em. Phế cầu kháng kháng sinh ngày càng tăng. Chúng tôi nghiên cứu đề tài này nhằm xác định tình hình đề kháng kháng sinh của phế cầu và kết quả điều trị viêm phổi do phế cầu ở trẻ em tại bệnh viện Nhi Trung ương.

Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu 169 bênh nhi viêm phổi do phế cầu tuổi từ 1 tháng đến 15 tuổi điều trị tại Bệnh viện Nhi Trung ương từ tháng 9 năm 2015 đến tháng 12 năm 2018.

Kết quả: Phế cầu có tỷ lệ kháng rất cao, trên 95% với các kháng sinh của nhóm macrolid, 90% với cotrimoxazol, 95,3% với clindamycin, 73,5% với penixillin V. Phế cầu giảm nhạy cảm với penicillin, 56,1% không nhạy cảm với penicillin G. Phế cầu có 58,4% nhạy cảm với cefotaxim và 62% nhạy cảm với   ceftriaxon. Tuy nhiên phế cầu còn nhạy cảm 95% với amoxicillin, 100% với rifampycin, linezolid, vancomycin và ofloxacin. Phế cầu đã kháng với levofloxacin. Phế cầu đa kháng chiếm 64%. Bệnh nhi khỏi bệnh hoàn toàn chiếm  83,4%, đỡ bệnh chiếm 14,2% và di chứng dày màng phổi chiếm 2,4%, không có bệnh nhi tử vong. Thời gian điều trị trung bình là 10,23 ± 5,81 ngày.

Kết luận: Phế cầu hiện đang kháng cao với các kháng điều trị viêm phổi đầu tay, đây là lý do gây điều trị viêm phổi do phế cầu kéo dài. Phế cầu còn nhạy cảm cao với kháng sinh amoxicillin. Kết quả điều trị tốt, không có bệnh nhi tử vong.
Plagiarism detection and prevention: a primer for researchers
Authors: Zimba Olena , Gasparyan Armen
Published: September 2021

Plagiarism is an ethical misconduct affecting the quality, readability, and trustworthiness of scholarly publications. Improving researcher awareness of plagiarism of words, ideas, and graphics is essential for avoiding unacceptable writing practices. Global editorial associations have publicized their statements on strategies to clean literature from redundant, stolen, and misleading information. Consulting related documents is advisable for upgrading author instructions and warning plagiarists of academic and other consequences of the unethical conduct. A lack of creative thinking and poor academic English skills are believed to compound most instances of redundant and “copy-and-paste” writing. Plagiarism detection software largely relies on reporting text similarities. However, manual checks are required to reveal inappropriate referencing, copyright violations, and substandard English writing.

Medical researchers and authors may improve their writing skills and avoid the same errors by consulting the list of retractions due to plagiarism which are tracked on the PubMed platform and discussed on the Retraction Watch blog.
Safety and efficacy of tocilizumab for rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and metaanalysis of clinical trial studies
Authors: Saki Amal , Rajaei Elham , Rahim Fakher
Published: September 2021

The present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effect of tocilizumab (TCZ) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We systematically searched all potential articles in the main databases, including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Sciences (ISI), and Cochrane Center. The search was subsequently updated in December 2020. The initial review and extraction of information were performed independently by two authors to collect the first author and publication year; sample size; mean age of the intervention and control groups; the dose of TCZ, and the follow-up duration. Outcomes of interest include the ACR20, ACR50, ACR70, total complication rate, and the occurrence of remission. Any disagreements between the reviewers were resolved by discussion and re-check of the article and consultation with a third reviewer. After reviewing and culling, 15 clinical trials comparing the clinical efficacy of TCZ and its comparators in the treatment of patients with RA entered the qualitative and quantitative synthesis. Tocilizumab 8 mg was statistically better than 4 mg or placebo for ACR responses. Significant clinical adverse events in patients with RA treated with TCZ, such as abnormal liver function tests (LFTs) and infections, were more frequent than in compara­tor groups. This systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that the combination therapy of TCZ with other drugs such as methotrexate and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs has been studied for various clinical effects concerning safety and clinically significant adverse events. Although the data are promising, long-term performance and safety data need to be fully identified, as well as the risks and benefits of TCZ, especially appropriate timing, dosage, and regimen.
Systemic lupus erythematosus and critical illness polyneuropathy
Authors: Katkowska Maria , Łosoś Marta , Tarnacka Beata
Published: September 2021

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic disease of connective tissue with multi-organ invol­vement. Manifestation in the nervous system is one of the most difficult symptoms to assess and interpret. The aim of the study is to indicate diagnostic problems in patients with SLE in whom neurological symptoms are present at the time of diagnosis of SLE but also with complications that occurred after diagnosis.

In the presented case, the appearance of flaccid tetraparesis with areflexia suggested peripheral damage to the nervous system. In the electromyography performed in this patient, acute axonal polyneuropathy was mainly suspected. Further differential diagnosis should consider other acute and subacute developing polyneuropathies. Guillain-Barré polyneuropathy deserves special attention.

To our knowledge, this is the first case documented in the literature of the coexistence of critical illness polyneuropathy and SLE.
Iot Based Smart Switch Board Technology For Smart Home
Authors:   School of Computer Science and Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India., Kumar A. Ranjith , Singh Karanvir ,   School of Computer Science and Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India.
Published: September 2021

To overcome the limitations of the traditional switch board, a new system equipped with latest technologies has been developed as Smart Switch Board and which is the smarter version compared to traditional Switch Boards. An IOT based switching device has been developed and which to be controlled via Blynk application. This smart device is very useful for handicapped persons. The smart switch meter has been used to control the smaller areas if it is connected through the router. It makes the system more secured as it is working through router’s IP address. Physical contact is not required to operate; it ensures reliability and safety from fire accidents. The Hardware component are quite cheap and easy to replace.
Book Review: The South Carolina State House Grounds
Authors:   Pine Tree Hill Elementary School, Gibson Jennifer
Published: September 2021

Jennifer Gibson reviews The South Carolina State House Grounds, written by Lydia Mattice Brandt with photographs by Chandler Yonkers.
Estado refractivo y queratométrico de pacientes con Pterigión en el sector Puerto Quito, Ecuador, 2019.
Authors: Correa Rojas Osmani , Licea Reyes Yoandra , Rodríguez Paz Beatriz , Rocha Machín Aymeé , Flores Arguello Stefany Justina
Published: September 2021

El Pterigión es muy frecuente causando incomodidad y visión borrosa. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y longitudinal con el propósito de caracterizar el estado refractivo y queratométrico de pacientes con Pterigión antes y después de la cirugía en el sector de Puerto Quito en el periodo de marzo a octubre del 2019. Se midieron variables tales como: p de Pterigión, edad, sexo, localización, grado de Pterigión, agudeza visual, ametropías, astigmatismo medio. Las variables cualitativas se resumieron mediante frecuencias absolutas y relativas porcentuales. Se diagnosticaron 138 pacientes (36.12%) con Pterigión en la población estudiada. Predominó el grupo de edad de 31-40 años, con mayor incidencia del sexo masculino. Prevaleció el Pterigión nasal en un 58.69%, siendo el de grado II el más incidente. Antes de la cirugía 68 ojos (49.28%), tenían agudeza visual normal, situación que mejoró notablemente después de la cirugía en un 55.07%. El astigmatismo predominó en un 31.16%, con valores superiores a 2.00D antes de la cirugía. Posterior a la misma el 44.93 % de los pacientes presentaron valores hasta 2 dioptrías lo que demostró la mejoría de los pacientes.
Manejo estacional de los sistemas de producción de camarón en el Ecuador
Authors: Castillo-Ochoa Brigitte del Cisne , Velásquez-López Patricio Colón
Published: September 2021

La producción de camarón en Ecuador se ve afectada por factores como las variaciones de la temperatura ambiente en las estaciones de invierno y verano. El manejo estacional de los sistemas de producción de camarón se examinó aplicando una investigación cuantitativa con evaluaciones de la ganancia de crecimiento semanal y la supervivencia del camarón. La prueba ANOVA identificó diferencias significativas (p<0,001) en el crecimiento semanal del camarón durante las dos temporadas. En invierno, aplicando un sistema de cultivo bifásico, el incremento fue de 1,39 ± 0,07 g/semana, obteniendo un peso final de 21 ± 1,32 g en 103 días y una producción total de 2004,42 ± 351,68 kg/ha. En verano, en un sistema de cultivo trifásico, el incremento fue de 1,21 ± 0,09 g/semana, el peso final de 23 ± 1,16 g, en 94 días y una producción total de 1625,22 ± 294,46 kg/ha. Un sistema de producción multifase sostuvo la capacidad productiva del camarón durante las bajas temperaturas de la época de verano.
Fundamentos epistemológicos del neoconstitucionalismo Latinoamericano. Aciertos y desaciertos en su regulación jurídica y aplicación práctica en Ecuador
Authors: Medina Peña Rolando , Valarezo Román Jimmy , Romero Romero Clara Daniela
Published: September 2021

El trabajo pretende sistematizar el marco teórico referencial sobre la temática de la aplicación de los principios y valores en los cambios estructurales de la concepción del Estado, partiendo del estudio doctrinario, normativo y jurisprudencial en el derecho nacional e internacional, con la finalidad de contribuir a la correcta aplicación jurídica y práctica del neoconstitucionalismo. De esa manera, se prevé que los aportes puedan estar encaminados a realizar un análisis conceptual e histórico de la nueva teoría iusfilosófica de la justicia y poder establecer un criterio sobre la labor del juez y sobre sus aciertos o desaciertos en la administración de justicia en Ecuador. Por otro lado, resulta de gran importancia la identificación del bloque de constitucionalidad como fundamento para la efectividad de los derechos humanos, en el derecho interno e internacional. Este estudio, permitirá aportar a la investigación científica, con sólidas bases jurídicas y filosóficas, sobre la correcta implementación del sistema neoconstitucional en el Ecuador y el alcance de las decisiones de tribunales internacionales en el derecho interno. Los métodos empleados del nivel teórico fueron el histórico lógico y el analítico sintético y desde la empírea el análisis de documentos.
El principio de favorabilidad frente a nuevos procedimientos del Código Orgánico Integral Penal
Authors: Figueroa Arévalo Bolívar Enrique , Suqui Romero Gabriel Yovany
Published: September 2021

El reconocimiento de los derechos humanos motivó la decisión internacional de proteger a los ciudadanos del uso desmedido del poder punitivo del Estado y con ello la necesidad de articular ciertas garantías y principios en pro de hacer efectiva dicha protección, entre estos el debido proceso y en especial el principio de favorabilidad. Este trabajo tiene como propósito determinar la vigencia del principio de favorabilidad frente a los nuevos procedimientos del Código Orgánico Integral Penal; el estudio se sustenta en los métodos analítico-sintético, hermenéutico, exegético, revisión documental, los materiales bibliográficos (ensayos, artículos científicos, tesis, libros, documentos normativos, etc.) se obtuvieron de diferentes fuentes electrónicas y físicas. Entre los principales hallazgos se encuentra el carácter convencional, constitucional y legal del principio de favorabilidad; su contenido sustantivo, procedimental y ejecutivo; y su condición retroactiva. Es un derecho humano fundamental que en Ecuador es considerado un principio autónomo e independiente del principio de legalidad. La divulgación de estos hallazgos permitirá la actualización de los conocimientos de los interesados en el tema.
Las medidas cautelares aplicables a las personas jurídicas en el Ecuador
Authors: Suqui Romero Gabriel Yovany , Ramón Merchán Mónica Eloísa , Cando Pacheco Juan de Jesús
Published: September 2021

El presente trabajo es producto del proyecto de investigación “Eficacia procesal en el enjuiciamiento criminal a las personas jurídicas en el Ecuador”; tiene por objetivo el análisis de aspectos teóricos, legales y empíricos de la problemática que representa para las personas jurídicas la regulación procesal de las medidas cautelares y la imposición de éstas cuando aquéllas son parte pasiva del proceso penal. La investigación de carácter exploratorio y con enfoque cuanti-cualitativo, contó con los métodos de revisión documental, exegético, analítico-sintético, estadístico y triangulación teórica; así como de la técnica de entrevista. Entre los principales hallazgos se destacan la existencia de limitaciones y fisuras en la socialización e introducción del sistema de RPPJ, así como los efectos de medidas cautelares para las corporaciones cuando se encuentran la calidad de sujetos pasivos del proceso penal. Por otra parte, el COIP no cuenta con normativas que permitan encontrar criterios específicos de aplicación de estas medidas; no obstante, son aplicables a las personas naturales y jurídicas en la medida que les son compatibles. Los resultados contribuyen de forma crítica y objetiva al debate y al planteamiento de estrategias para el abordaje de lege lata de estos conocimientos en el quehacer jurídico-social.
Coloured lens : a study of the socio-cultural context of Wentworth in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, towards a photographic documentary
Authors:   , Houston Natalie
Published: September 2021

Social issues are a very real problem in South Africa. Violent protests in poorer communities around South Africa indicate a need to better understand negative social realities impacting on communities. This research examined the sociocultural context of Wentworth in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, as shown on the map on page x. The focus of this study was the social and community realities; and the significance of photography in the context of examining these. The aim was to use photography as a research tool as well as to document the data collected. From the data a 118-page book, as shown on page viii, was conceptualised, which captures this community’s social context. Further, the study questioned the use of design practice to support social change. Because of the distinctly “Coloured” nature of Wentworth, literature was sought for the definition, history, current dynamics and complexities of Coloured identity. The literature review highlighted ethics and the strategies that should be adhered to when considering the social nature of photography. For this inquiry a qualitative analysis was conducted using the Grounded Theory method. A collaborative, or participatory research approach, was used for data collection, by working closely with families and health, church and non-governmental groups in Wentworth. Qualitative data collection methods used to gather primary data were photographic documentation and interviews. This research produced a number of key findings regarding socio-cultural problems plaguing the community. Findings deemed photography a rich tool for researching the social and for accurately recording everyday life. The main conclusions drawn from this research were that in-depth studies be conducted on individual problems, utilising greater manpower and funding. In addition, that further research and documentation be undertaken in the community.
Uso de la sedación y anestesia en los pacientes pediátricos sometidos a radioterapia.
Authors: Alvarado-Valverde Ana María , Ramírez-Montero Anna , Esquivel-González Jéssica , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Carlos
Published: September 2021

Justificación: la radioterapia es esencial para el tratamiento del cáncer pediátrico. Almenos la mitad de los niños que requieren radioterapia van a necesitar sedación o anestesia.Es importante conocer las complicaciones potenciales asociadas con el uso repetitivo demedicamentos sedantes o anestésicos. El objetivo del estudio fue describir las característicasclínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer del Hospital Nacionalde Niños “Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera”, de la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, que recibieronsedación o anestesia durante su tratamiento con radioterapia externa en el período de enerodel 2016 a junio del 2019.
Métodos: es un estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo de una serie de casos. Se incluyeron pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico de cáncer, sometidos a tratamiento con radioterapia y que requirieron sedación o anestesia durante esa intervención. Las técnicasestadísticas utilizadas para las variables cualitativas fueron tablas de frecuencias simples y de asociación o contingencia; las variables  cuantitativas se describen mediante estadígrafos detendencia central y posición, así como de  variabilidad.
Resultados: un total de 61 pacientes con  diagnóstico de cáncer y que recibieron radioterapiafueron estudiados. El 57,4% de los pacientes fueron hombres. El 75% de los pacientes tenía 4,0 años o menos. La localización anatómica más frecuente del tumor fue en sistema nervioso central. Una minoría (14,5%) recibió como tratamiento único la radioterapia. El 75% de lospacientes recibió 30 o menos sesiones de tratamiento bajo sedación o anestesia. El propofol se suministró al 100,0% de los pacientes en todas las sesiones de tratamiento. El tiempo promediode sedación o anestesia fue de 67,9 ± 28,2 minutos. El 34,4% de los pacientes presentaron complicaciones respiratorias, cardiovasculares o ambas, en al menos una sesión de tratamiento.
Conclusiones: en los pacientes pediátricos con cáncer quienes reciben tratamiento con  radioterapia, fue requerido el uso de la sedación y anestesia principalmente en niños de corta edad; en general, las complicaciones de la radioterapia fueron transitorias y usualmente bien toleradas, sin presentar morbimortalidad. Como monoterapia, el propofol no mostró  complicaciones asociadas; sin embargo, al  adicionar otros fármacos sí se observaroncomplicaciones respiratorias y predominó la desaturación transitoria de oxígeno.
Conocimientos sobre tabaco y sus riesgos a la salud en Costa Rica: un análisis estructural
Authors: Espinoza-Aguirre Azálea , Fantin Romain , Barboza-Solís Cristina , Salinas-Miranda Abraham
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: identificar factores asociados al  conocimiento sobre el tabaco y los riesgos de suconsumo basados en la “Encuesta global de  tabaquismo en adultos” realizada en Costa Ricadurante el 2015.
Métodos: estudio epidemiológico, observacional de tipo transversal con representación nacional (n = 8 607). Con la base de datos de la “Encuesta global de tabaquismo en adultos”, se diseñó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales y se construyó la variable latente: conocimientos.Como determinantes del conocimiento se usaron las variables: sociodemográficas, económicas,fumado, cesación, exposición a la publicidad y a la información sobre los peligros de fumar incluidas en la encuesta.
Resultados: el conocimiento sobre el tabaco y los riesgos del consumo aumentó con la edad,fue superior en hombres y en zonas urbanas. Los fumadores tuvieron menos conocimientossobre el fumado pasivo y más sobre enfermedades.
Conclusiones: la Encuesta global de tabaquismo en adultos permitió medir el nivelde conocimiento sobre los riesgos asociados al tabaco y estudiar sus determinantessocioeconómicos.
Actividad combinada de itraconazol y terbinafina sobre aislamientos clínicos de Neoscytalidium dimidiatum
Authors: Acosta-Zamora Armando , Jaikel-Víquez Daniela
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: analizar la susceptibilidad de N.  dimidiatum ante el efecto combinado de itraconazol y terbinafina.
Métodos: se determinó la concentración mínima inhibitoria y la concentración inhibitoria fraccionada in vitro, mediante el método del tablero de ajedrez, a 15 aislamientos clínicos provenientes de onicomicosis de diferentes pacientes, todos positivos por N. dimidiatum. Se prepararon ensayos por duplicado con diluciones combinadas de los antifúngicos y se evaluó el efecto de ambos fármacos.
Resultados: la concentración mínima inhibitoria promedio de solo itraconazol aplicado a los aislamientos fue de 30,83 μg/mL y de 4,49 μg/mL  combinado con terbinafina. La concentración mínima inhibitoria promedio de solo terbinafina fue de 0,33 μg/mL y de 0,07 μg/mL combinada con itraconazol. Hay diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las concentraciones mínimas inhibitorias promedio de los antifúngicos  analizados en solitario respecto de las  concentraciones mínimas inhibitorias combinadas; para itraconazol (t = 2,958; gl = 14; p = 0,01) y (t = 4,721; gl = 14; p < 0,001) para terbinafina. El uso  combinado evidenció 40 % de sinergismo.
Conclusiones: la combinación itraconazol-terbinafina presentó un efecto sinérgico total para inhibir el crecimiento de N. dimidiatum; esto ofrece una alternativa terapéutica en el tratamiento de las onicomicosis.
ANALISIS LOGAM BERAT PADA SAYURAN YANG DITANAMI DI PINGGIR JALAN BEKASI UTARA
Authors: Situmorang Ing Mayfa , Simatupang Dimas Frananta
Published: September 2021

Bekasi termasuk kawasan peri-urban yang memiliki potensi terkena dampak pencemaran tanah, air dan udara. Bahan pencemar lingkungan berupa logam berat, dapat terakumulasi pada produk pertanian. Sayuran yang terkontaminasi oleh logam berat dapat menyebabkan bioakumulasi unsur-unsur beracun dan menjadi penyebab penyakit di dalam tubuh manusia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kandungan logam berat yang terdapat pada sayur-sayuran yang ditanam dipinggir jalan raya. Sampel penelitian adalah bayam hijau, bayam merah dan kangkung yang ditanam dipinggir jalan raya oleh petani yang ada di sekitar STIKes Prima Indonesia Kecamatan Babelan, Bekasi Utara. Kandungan logam berat yang menjadi fokus peneliti yaitu timbal (Pb), krom (Cr), arsen (As) dan Tembaga (Cu) pada sayur bayam hijau, bayam merah dan kangkung dengan menggunakan metode destruksi basah dengan menggunakan instrumen spektroskopi serapan atom (SSA). Hasil analisis kandungan logam berat pada sayuran kangkung terdapat kadar timbal (Pb) dan krom (Cr) yang tinggi sedangkan Arsen (As) dan Tembaga (Cu) tidak terdeteksi. Pada sayuran bayam hijau dan bayam merah memiliki kadar krom (Cr) yang tinggi dan untuk timbal (Pb), Arsen (As) dan Tembaga (Cu) tidak terdeteksi. Adapun kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah sayuran kangkung memiliki jumlah kandungan logam timbal yang sangat tinggi dan pada sayuran bayam merah, sayuran hijau dan kangkung memiliki jumlah kandungan logam krom yang tinggi.
ANALISA UNSUR HARA MIKRO DARI FLY ASH LIMBAH INDUSTRI PULP DAN KERTAS
Authors: Sembiring Maria Peratenta , Chairul Chairul , Zulfansyah Zulfansyah
Published: September 2021

The pulp and paper industry continues to grow and produces large amounts of fly ash waste from the biomass combustion process. Alternative waste management besides landfills needs to be developed so that the use of fly ash can be ecologically and economically acceptable, such as for land applications in industrial plantations, especially on peat soils. This paper presents the results of the analysis of micro nutrients from fly ash from pulp and paper mill waste that can be used for agriculture and forestry. The elemental content of boron (B) and zinc (Zn) can be detected in fly ash samples both by lauryl amine extraction and stearyl amine extraction, where the optimum amount is obtained using 15 gram of fatty amine and n-hexane solvent with a processing time of 4 hours. Stearyl amine gives a higher yield than lauryl amine because it has a longer saturated carbon chain.
ANALISA KADAR LOGAM BERAT (Pb) PADA KUKU TUKANG TAMBAL BAN DISEPANJANG JALAN KAPTEN MUSLIM SECARA SPEKTROFOTOMETER SERAPAN ATOM
Authors: Aruan Dyna Grace Romatua , Manurung Sulistina
Published: September 2021

Timbal (Pb) merupakan salah satu jenis logam berat berbahaya dan toksik bagi tubuh manusia. Tambal ban merupakan profesi yang bersangkutan dengan ban, dimana kemungkinan terpapar partikel timbal akibat polusi atau emisi gas kendaraan bermotor dengan kadar jauh lebih tinggi dibanding dengan masyarakat lainnya sangat nyata. Kuku termasuk salah satu anatomi tubuh yang digunakan sebagai alat ukur untuk mengetahui tingkat kadar timbal dalam tubuh manusia. Menurut WHO ( World Health Organization) tahun 1995 tingkat kadar timbal dalam tubuh manusia dibagi menjadi 3 (Tiga) tingkat yaitu, rendah (<10 ppm), sedang ( 10-25 ppm) ataupun tinggi (>25 ppm) sesuai kategori pencemaran WHO tahun 1995. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kadar timbal pada Tukang tambal ban yang diambil di sepanjang Jalan Kapten Muslim dengan mengambil sampel kukunya. Penelitian ini dilaksankan di UPT Laboratorium Kesehatan Daerah Provinsi Sumatera Utara dengan menggunakan alat Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom. Dari 6 keseluruhan populasi, penelitian mengambil sampel kuku dari 6 (enam) orang tambal ban. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa dari 6 (enam) sampel kuku, 1 diantaranya dinyatakan dengan lama kerja >10 thn dengan kadar13,70 mg/ kg termasuk dengan Standar Baku Mutu WHO Tahun 1995 yaitu termasuk tingkat pencemaran sedang.sedangkan sampel dengan lama kerja 5-10 thn, 3-5 thn dan <3 thn termasuk tingkat pencemaran (>10 ppm)/(mg/kg). Dan disarankan kepada peneliti selanjutnya agar melakukan penelitian dengan mengambil sampel lain seperti rambut atau darah untuk mendapat hasil yang lebih akurat.
Women Education in Colonial Bengal: Retrospection
Authors:   Indira Gandhi National Open University, Datta Sudhangsu Sekhar , Mukherjee Kaushik
Published: September 2021

Modern education came to Bengal though the East India Company. The missionaries also landed up for proselytising activities. They were perturbed by the backwardness of the Indian society especially the plights of women. The people of Bengal came in touch with the western ideas as Calcutta was made the capital of colonial India. The influence of liberalism and modern education brought in by the Britishers transformed a section of Bengal society. Bengal became the cradle of social reforms. The outcome of missionary’s activities and reforms brought by social reformers opened the gate of educational institution for the women. Though the conservative and orthodox Bengal society did not allow female education initially, gradually female education gained momentum and took steps in the right direction. Commissions constituted by the Britishers also facilitated the progress of female education. An attempt has been made to retrospect the situation of female education in colonial Bengal.
Livelihood Alternative among Patachitra artisan communities
Authors:   Department of Social Work, Visva-Bharati University, Prasad Sunil
Published: September 2021

India is a rich country with various traditional practices like handicrafts which are ever glorious. Patachitra artisan community in West Bengal is famous globally for its quality paintings. The present study has examined the livelihood alternative among the Patachitra artisan communities in Bengal in India. Descriptive research design is used in this study, and data were collected using a structured interview schedule and participatory rural appraisal method. The study found that the artisans were entirely dependent upon handcraft and its allied activities for their livelihood. Their income, as well as saving, had been increased after getting an artisan card. The study also found that the artisans were not aware of the government`s various welfare schemes and facilities.
Role of Professional Social Workers in Promotion of Quality of Life of Children Orphaned by AIDS: A Study
Authors:   Andhra University, Mutluri Dr. Abraham
Published: September 2021

This article discusses the role of professional social workers in promotion of quality of life of children orphaned by AIDS. Children orphaned by AIDS are the children, who have the age of below 18 years, and lost one or both biological parents due to AIDS. It is estimated that there are 13.8 million children worldwide had lost mother or father or both parents to AIDS as of 2020. Children orphaned by AIDS face economic, social, psychological, and health problems. It is very difficult for them to access the basic needs such as food, shelter and clothing as well as education. This study conducted in two states of India i.e. Andhra Pradesh and Telangana with 316 children orphaned by AIDS. The study found that women-headed, granny-headed and child-headed families are more in HIV affected families. Stigma and discrimination were faced by 64.2 per cent respondents. About 35 per cent of the children are not attending the schools regularly, 72.2 per cent respondents required psycho-social support. Social work is a practice-based profession and it believes that every child is unique. There is a lot of scope for the practice of social work profession with these children. Social workers work as a social case-worker, social group worker, community organizer, social activist, social welfare administrator, social researcher, counsellor, communicator, and educator etc. to promote the quality of life of children orphaned by AIDS. This study suggested a strategy to work with children orphaned by AIDS.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN POE (PREDICT OBSERVE EXPLAIN) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA PELAJARAN FISIKA
Authors: KHUSNA ASMAUL
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas XI IPA2 MAN 4 Madiun dalam pelajaran Fisika melalui model pembelajaran Predict Observe Explain. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri atas 2 (dua) siklus. Pengumpulan data menggunakan tiga teknik yaitu teknik tes, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Data yang dianalisis dalam penelitian ini adalah data dari lembar observasi terhadap aktivitas yang dilakukan siswa dan kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh guru  dalam proses kegiatan belajar mengajar, dan hasil tes tulis yang telah dilakukan oleh siswa. Data observasi dianalisa secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif dan disajikan secara deskriptif naratif. Indikator keberhasilan dari penelitian ini adalah 75% siswa tuntas KKM. Pada prasiklus terdapat 65%, siklus pertama 74%; siklus kedua 82% siswa tuntas KKM. Hasil peningkatan dapat terlihat dari nilai rata-rata siswa, pada prasiklus 70,3; siklus pertama 72,9; siklus kedua 77,9. Hasil tersebut dikatakan berhasil karena sudah melebihi indikator keberhasilan.
Wind Speed and Direction Estimation from Wave Spectra using Deep Learning
Authors: Jiang Haoyu
Published: September 2021

Abstract. High-frequency parts of ocean wave spectra are strongly coupled to the local wind. Measurements of ocean wave spectra can be used to estimate sea surface winds. In this study, two deep neural networks (DNNs) were used to estimate the wind speed and direction from the first five Fourier coefficients from buoys. The DNNs were trained by wind and wave measurements from more than 100 meteorological buoys during 2014–2018. It is found that the wave measurements can best represent the wind information ~1 h ago, because the wave spectra contain wind information a short period before. The overall root-mean-square error (RMSE) of estimated wind speed is ~1.1 m/s, and the RMSE of wind direction is ~14° when wind speed is 7~25 m/s. This model can not only be used for the wind estimation for compact wave buoys but also for the quality control of wind and wave measurements from meteorological buoys.
Model development in practice: A comprehensive update to the boundary layer schemes in HARMONIE-AROME cycle 40
Authors: de Rooy Wim C. , Siebesma Pier , Baas Peter , Lenderink Geert , de Roode Stephan , de Vries Hylke , van Meijgaard Erik , Meirink Jan Fokke , Tijm Sander , van 't Veen Bram
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The parameterised description of subgrid-scale processes in the clear and cloudy boundary layer has a strong impact on the performance skill in any Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) or climate model and is still a prime source of uncertainty. Yet, improvement of this parameterised description is hard because operational models are highly optimised and contain numerous compensating errors. Therefore, improvement of a single parameterised aspect of the boundary layer often results in an overall deterioration of the model as a whole. In this paper we will describe a comprehensive integral revision of three parameterisation schemes in the HARMONIE-AROME model that together parameterise the boundary layer processes: the cloud scheme, the turbulence scheme, and the shallow cumulus convection scheme. One of the major motivations for this revision is the poor representation of low clouds in the current model cycle. The new revised parametric descriptions provide not only an improved prediction of low clouds but also of precipitation. Both improvements can be related to a stronger accumulation of moisture under the atmospheric inversion. The three improved parameterisation schemes are included in a recent update of the HARMONIE-AROME configuration, but its description and the insights in the underlying physical processes are of more general interest as the schemes are based on commonly applied frameworks. Moreover, this work offers an interesting look behind the scenes of how parameterisation development requires an integral approach and a delicate balance between physical realism and pragmatism.
Modelling symbiotic biological nitrogen fixation in grain legumes globally by LPJ-GUESS
Authors: Ma Jianyong , Olin Stefan , Anthoni Peter , Rabin Sam S. , Bayer Anita D. , Nyawira Sylvia S. , Arneth Almut
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) from grain legumes is significant importance in global agricultural ecosystems. Crops with BNF capability are expected to support the need to increase food production while reducing nitrogen (N) fertilizer input for agriculture sustainability, but quantification of N fixing rates and BNF crop yields remains inadequate. Here we incorporate two legume crops (soybean and faba bean) with BNF into a dynamic vegetation model LPJ-GUESS (Lund-Potsdam-Jena General Ecosystem Simulator). The performance of this new implementation is evaluated against observations from a range of water and N management trials. LPJ-GUESS generally captures the observed response to these management practices on legume biomass production, soil N uptake and N fixation, despite some deviations from observations in some cases. Globally, the simulated BNF is dominated by soil moisture and temperature, as well as amounts of N fertilizer addition. Annual inputs through BNF are modelled to be 11.6±2.2 Tg N for soybean and 5.6±1.0 Tg N for all pulses, with a total fixation of 17.2±2.9 Tg N yr-1 for all grain legumes during the period 1981–2016 on global scale. Our estimates show a good agreement with some previous statistical estimates but are relatively high compared to some estimates for pulses. This study highlights the importance of accounting for legume N fixation process when modelling C-N interactions in agricultural ecosystems, particularly when it comes to account for the combined effects of climate and land-use change on global terrestrial N cycle.
Climate and parameter sensitivity and induced uncertainties in carbon stock projections for European forests (using LPJ-GUESS 4.0)
Authors: Oberpriller Johannes , Herschlein Christine , Anthoni Peter , Arneth Almut , Krause Andreas , Rammig Anja , Lindeskog Mats , Olin Stefan , Hartig Florian
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Understanding uncertainties and sensitivities of projected ecosystem dynamics under environmental change is of immense value for research and climate change policy. Here, we analyze sensitivities (change in model outputs per unit change in inputs) and uncertainties (changes in model outputs scaled to uncertainty in inputs) of vegetation dynamics under climate change projected by a state-of-the-art dynamic vegetation model (LPJ-GUESS 4.0) across European forests addressing the effect of both model parameters and environmental drivers. We find that projected forest carbon fluxes are most sensitive to photosynthesis-, water- and mortality-related parameters, while predictive uncertainties are dominantly induced by climatic drivers, and parameters related to water and mortality. The importance of climatic drivers for predictive uncertainty increases with increasing temperature and thus, from north to south across Europe, in line with the stress-gradient hypothesis, which proposes that environmental control dominates at the harsh end of an environmental gradient. In conclusion, our study highlights the importance of climatic drivers not only as contributors to predictive uncertainty in their own right, but also as modifiers of sensitivities and thus uncertainties in other ecosystem processes.
Assessing potential impact of explosive volcanic eruptions from Jan Mayen Island (Norway) on aviation in the North Atlantic
Authors: Titos Manuel , Martínez Montesinos Beatriz , Barsotti Sara , Sandri Laura , Folch Arnau , Mingari Leonardo , Macedonio Giovanni , Costa Antonio
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Volcanic eruptions are amongst the most jeopardizing natural events due to their potential impacts on life, assets, and environment. In particular, atmospheric dispersal of volcanic tephra and aerosols during the explosive eruptions poses a serious threat to life and has significant consequences for infrastructures and global aviation safety. The volcanic island of Jan Mayen, located in the North Atlantic under trans-continental air traffic routes, is considered the northernmost active volcanic area in the world, with at least five eruptive periods recorded during the last 200 years. However, quantitative hazard assessments on the possible consequences for air traffic of a future ash-forming eruption are nonexistent. This study presents the first comprehensive long-term volcanic hazard assessment for Jan Mayen volcanic island in terms of ash dispersal and airborne tephra concentration at different flight levels. In order to delve in the characterization and modelling of that potential impact, a probabilistic approach based on merging a large number of numerical simulations is adopted, varying the volcano’s Eruptive Source Parameters (ESPs) and meteorological scenario. Each ESP value is randomly sampled following a continuous Probability Density Function (PDF) defined from the Jan Mayen geological record. Over 20 years of climatic data are considered in order to explore the natural variability associated with meteorological conditions and used to run thousands of simulations of the ash dispersal model FALL3D on a 2 km-resolution grid. The simulated scenarios are combined to produce probability maps of airborne ash concentration, arrival time and persistence at different flight levels in the atmosphere. The resulting maps represent an aid to civil protection, decision makers and aviation stakeholders in assessing and preventing the potential impact from a future eruption at Jan Mayen.
FACTS OF (FINANCIAL) LIFE: POLITICAL POWER AND RE-VISUALIZATION STRATEGIES ON SOCIAL MEDIA
Authors: Amit-Danhi Eedan
Published: September 2021

Digital visualizations have seen an exponential rise in use by politicians, candidates and other political actors. Digital visualizations may be informative and engaging as well as potentially, persuasive or misleading when applied by political candidates. However, the ways in which different actors utilize them has yet to receive systematic scholarly attention. Informed by a comprehensive theoretical framework related to political power, digital visualizations and social media campaigns, I performed grounded qualitative content-analysis of all "cost-of-living" visualizations posted to Facebook during the 2015 Israeli election period, by both peripheral and primary political actors. I define two main argumentation strategies (Progress Makers & Hinderers and Re-visualized Economy), reliant on different narrative, visual, and information-oriented choices by different actors. An overview of my findings reveals digital visualizations as a meeting ground between the political power of actors, the rhetorical power of emotionality and the cultural power of numbers. I conclude with a reflection on revisualization as a means of expanding a fourth type of power, discursive power, wherein visualizations are used as an act of resistance by weaker actors against the narrative of reality promoted by stronger actors, relying on the rhetorical affordances of the digital political visualization genre toincrease their rhetorical power. Digital visualizations thus offer a uniquely agile tool for political actors of all types to utilize in gaining discursive power in the competition over election narratives in the digital arena of social media.
A REPERTOIRE OF EVERYDAY RESISTANCE AND TECHNOLOGICAL (IN)SECURITY: CONSTRUCTING THE ROHINGYA DIASPORA AND TRANSNATIONAL IDENTITY POLITICS ON SOCIAL MEDIA
Authors: Aziz Abdul
Published: September 2021

This paper explores how transnational identities are negotiated through digital and social media use, and how the narratives online contribute to Rohingya transnational identity. Recent studies have made significant strides in understanding refugees’ media practices during migration, transnational family ties, settlement in a host society. However, little attention has been paid to more nuanced understanding every day of risks and opportunities of digital media practice in the context of conflict and forced migration. Drawing on a qualitative approach of semi-structured and social media scroll back interviews methods, I investigate the use of technologies in their everyday experiences of prolonged displacement in the Cox’s Bazar refugee camp, Bangladesh and among resettled refugees in Brisbane, Australia, both distinct but interconnected within a power structure. The findings expose the ‘double-edged’ nature of communication technologies. While most participants think technologies have been a lifeline for their survival, participants from the Cox’s Bazar refugee camp show that security and surveillance are key concerns for members of the Rohingya diaspora. In this paper, I argue that although digital and social media offer a niche of a repertoire of resistance and the rise of a new form of community in a context of statelessness, the use of such technologies can be juxtaposed with the consequence of digital surveillance and victimisation in everyday life in a refugee camp. By focusing on both urban and refugee camp settings, this paper offers critical insights into power inequalities and transnational diaspora activism, authoritarian politics, specifically its mediation by digital technologies.
MONGOLIA’S INDEPENDENT INTERNET?
Authors: Baasanjav Undrah
Published: September 2021

AOIR 2021 conference theme “independence” of the internet provides an opportunity for researchers to reevaluate internet development in the global south by applying theories of “informational capitalism” (Castells, 2000; Schiller, 2000) and “surveillance capitalism” (Suboff, 2019). This paper aims to trace the development of informational society in Mongolia, a 30-year-old democracy in the Central Asian steppe. With a nomadic culture, a Buddhist tradition, and a communist past, Mongolia’s information society has unique encounters with global corporations such as Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon and Microsoft (GAFAM). The paper focuses on juxtapositions of information society with traditional, cultural, political, and social aspects of Mongolian life. I establish how Mongolia is positioned in various global information society perspectives, by investigating tensions that have not been addressed in this nation’s context of a communist past and an ongoing nomadic lifestyle. I also trace the historic development of information and communication technology (ICT) initiatives during the socialist and post-communist eras. Online speech controversies, misinformation, and commercial speech on social media all tested Mongolia’s new Constitution of 1992. The constitution promulgates a free press and the freedom of speech in the zeitgeist of the 1990s to prioritize the eradication of communist-era political censorship and communist party control. One cannot help but notice the gap in the legal frameworks of Mongolian institutions between the current and the “aspired to” states of democratization and protection of human rights and cultural experiences.
VIGILANT JOURNALISM: ETHICAL AND DEONTOLOGICAL DILEMMAS
Authors: Bettoni Dimitri
Published: September 2021

This papers investigates whether forms of caring surveillance exist in journalism alongside the better known form of threatening surveillance. It explores which ethical and deontological approaches regulate them, and whether journalists, who rightly fear surveillance technology when used to threaten their professional independency, suddenly see it as a useful and beneficial tool when it’s put into use by journalists themselves. Surveillance in journalism has been depicted under an Orwellian aura that implies an inner negativity and malignity. Given the worrisome number of published on the mounting dangers and threats that journalism faces, especially in the digital realm, this scary depiction of surveillance is still dramatically true. Still, forms of surveillance practices daily occur in the exercise of journalism, with journalists regularly using tools and equipment that hold immense intrusive capabilities. While this surveillance capacity is partially regulated by local and international laws, deontological norms lack careful considerations. In the light of the challenges brought arising from the surveillance cultures, do journalists need to review their ethical guidelines for the use of surveillance technology? Is there an uncritical and "self-absolving" approach to its use? Should a debate within their community be stimulated through a bottom-up approach, and foster a new professional culture more aware of the opportunities, dangers and responsibilities connected to such technology? Interviews with journalists attempt to reveal common patterns on how journalists perceive the use of surveillance technology, outlining potential paths for self-regulatory deontological norms produced by the journalistic community itself.