bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxoporphyrins – The Molecular Structure of 5,15-Dioxo-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-porphodimethene-thallium(III) Chloride
Authors: Senge Mathias O. , Smith Kevin M.
Published: March 2015

The crystal structure of the title compound was determined in order to obtain structural information on a tetrapyrrole bearing meso-oxo-functions. C36H42N4O2T1C1 · CH3OH, P1̄, a = 10.358(2), b = 12.344(3), c = 15.490(3) Å, a = 84.36(2)°, β = 78.53(2)°, γ = 82.26(2)°, V = 1918.2(7) Å3, Z = 2, 130 K, R = 0.04 for 6749 reflections with I > 4σ(Ι). The structure consists of the penta-coordinated thallium ligated by the four nitrogens of the porphodimethene ligand and a chloride in the axial position. The central macrocycle shows some degree of ruffling with the carbonyl groups pointing slightly above and below the mean plane of the molecule.
Notizen: 4,5-Ethylenedithio-1-selenole-3-thiole-2-one as Starting Material for the Preparation of New Tetrachalcogenafulvalenes
Authors: Lagouvardos D. J. , Papavassiliou G. C.
Published: March 2015

Starting from 3-chloro-2-oxo-1,4-dithiane the title compound was prepared and characterized analytically and spectroscopically. It was used then for the preparation of some new tetrachalcogenafulvalenes (π-donor molecules).
Neue Carbodiphosphorane. Notiz zur Reaktion zwischen Bis(dimethylamino)fluormethylidenphosphoran und n-Butyllithium / New Carbodiphosphoranes. Note on the Reaction between Bis(dimethylamino)fluoromethylidene-phosphorane and n-Butyllithium
Authors: Plass Winfried , Spahn Manfred , Heckmann Gernot , Fluck Ekkehard
Published: March 2015

The main product from the reaction between bis(dimethylamino)fluoromethylidene-phosphorane (1) and n-butyllithium in the presence of tetramethylethylenediamine is n-butyl-dimethylamino-methyl-{[tris(dimethylamino)phosphoranylidene]methylene}-phosphorane (7). As a by-product from the reaction between methyl-bis(dimethylamino)difluorophosphorane and n-butyllithium bis(dimethylamino)-methyl-{[n-butyl-bis(dimethylamino)phosphoranylidene]methylene}-phosphorane (9) was isolated in small yield. The new carbodiphosphoranes 7 and 9 are characterized by their 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR and mass spectra.
Zum Koordinationsverhalten von Alkinen gegenüber dem [C5H5(P(OCH3)3)2Fe]+-Fragment: Bildung und Struktur carbonylfreier Halbsandwichkomplexe mit Alkin- und Vinylidenliganden / Coordination Properties of Alkynes towards the [C5H5Fe(P(OCH3)3)2]+ Fragment: Formation and Structure of Carbonylfree Halfsandwich Complexes with Alkyne and Vinylidene Ligands
Authors: Schumann Hans , Admiraal Gert , Beurskens Paul T.
Published: March 2015

The alkyne containing halfsandwich complexes [C5H5(P(OCH3)3)2Fe(HC ≡ CC6H5)]PF6 (IIIa) and [C5H5(P(OCH3)3)2Fe(CH3O2CC = CCO2CH3)]PF6 (IIIb) are accessible by thermal acetonitrile substitution from [C5H5(P(OCH3)3)2Fe(NCCH3)]PF6 (I) in the presence of the alkyne. Upon standing in solution, IIIa isomerizes to give the isomeric phenylvinylidene complex [C5H5(P(OCH3)3)2Fe(C=C(C6H5)H)]PF6 (IV). The spectroscopic data are presented together with a discussion of the X-ray structure determinations of IIIb and IV.
Synthesis and Structure of σ-Complexes of the Chiral Rhenium Lewis Acid [(η5-C5H5)Re(NO)(PPh3)]+ and Aromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles
Authors: Dewey Michael A. , Knight D. Andrew , Arif Atta M. , Gladysz J. A.
Published: March 2015

Reactions of (η5-C5H5)Re(NO)(PPh3)(OTf) (1) with pyridine, quinoline, and isoquinoline give the respective σ-adducts [(η5-C5H5)Re(NO)(PPh3)(NCxHy)]+TfO- (2-4) in 86-95% yields. However, 1 and 8-methylquinoline do not react in refluxing xylene (16 h). Reactions of (+)-(R)-1 with quinoline and isoquinoline give (–)-(S)-3 and (+)-(S)-4. Both products form with retention of configuration at rhenium and in >98% ee, as assayed by subsequent reactions with (CH3CH2)4N+CN- to give (+)-(S)-(η5-C5H5)Re(NO)(PPh3)(CN). The crystal structures of 3 (triclinic, P1̄, a = 9.879(1) A, b = 16.677(2) A, c = 9.962(1) Å, α = 91.477(3)°, β = 99.155(3)°, γ = 100.633(3)°, Ζ = 2) and 4 (triclinic, P1̄, a = 10.961(2) Å, b = 15.770(2) Å, c = 10.159(1) A, a = 87.65(2)°, β = 109.88(2)°, γ = 101.27(2)°, Z = 2) are determined, and the Re—N conformations analyzed.
Synthesis and Two-Dimensional 1Η and 13C NMR Investigations of an Inhibitor of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Proliferation Ac–Ser–Asp–Lys–Pro–OH
Authors: Freund Jens , Kapurniotu Afroditi , Holak Tadeusz A. , Lenfant Maryse , Voelter Wolfgang
Published: March 2015

The solid phase synthesis of the inhibitor of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation, Ac–Ser–Asp–Lys–Pro–OH, and its derivative Ac–Ala–Asp–Lys–Pro–OH is described. 1H and 13C NMR investigations demonstrate that both peptides show no prefered conformation in water solution. Both peptides exist in a Pro-cis-trans equilibrium ratio of 9 (trans) : 1 (cis). Thymosin β4 is believed to be the precursor molecule of the tetrapeptide Ac–SDKP. The attachement of the random coil tetrapeptide to a rigid helical fragment could facilitate its in vivo enzymatic cleavage.
Silaheterocyclen, XX Aminosubstituierte Vinylchlorsilane und Silaethene: Bausteine zur Synthese von 1,3-Diaza-2-silacyclopentanen / Silaheterocycles, XX Aminosubstituted Vinylchlorosilanes and Silenes: Building Blocks for the Synthesis of 1,3-Diaza-2-silacyclopentanes
Authors: Auner Norbert , Penzenstadler Erika , Herdtweck Eberhardt
Published: March 2015

The amino-substituted vinylchlorosilanes 4-7 are synthesized from N,N,N′-trimethylethylenediamine (8a) or tris(trimethylsilyl)ethylenediamine (8b), Li Bun and organodichlorovinylsilanes. 5 eliminates trimethylchlorosilane when distilled and yields 1,3-diaza-2-silacyclopentane 9, whereas the compounds 6 and 7 show a great tendency to oligomerize. The reaction of 4 with LiBut gives a neopentylsilene intermediate 10 a which can be trapped by isoprene or 1,3-butadiene yielding small amounts of the Diels-Alder products 11 and 12, respectively. The main reaction pathway for 10 a is rearrangement with migration of a Me3Sigroup from nitrogen to the silene’s carbon atom and a new N—Si bond formation to give the diazasilacyclopentane 10 which has been characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. This intramolecular rearrangement appears to involve a pentacoordinated silene Si-atom. No dimerisation of 10a to a disilacyclobutane is observed. The introduction of a second Si-tris(trimethylsilyl)ethylenediamine substituent at the SiC frame work does not result in silene stabilisation: there is no evidence for Si-hexacoordination in silene 15 nor in the [4+2] cyclo-addition product with isoprene (14).
Cardenolide aus Ornithogalum nutans (2 n = 28), 1. Mitteilung / Cardenolides from Ornithogalum nutans (2 n = 28), Part
Authors: Ferth Roland , Baumann Andreas , Robien Wolfgang , Kopp Brigitte
Published: March 2015

From leaves and bulbs of Ornithogalum nutans L. (2 n = 28), seventeen cardenolides were isolated by column chromatography, DCCC and TLC. The structure elucidation was performed by means of 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HH-Cosy, HC-Cosy and FAB-MS studies and identification of the sugar moieties by GLC after acid hydrolysis of the cardenolides. Sugar compounds were identified as digitoxose, 3-acetyl-digitoxose, 2-deoxy-allose, 6-deoxy-allose, rhamnose, xylose and apiose. Glycosides of 7β,15β, 16 α-trihydroxy-uzarigenin, 8β,16 α-dihy-droxy, 15-oxo-uzarigenin, 3 β, 11β-dihydroxy, 12-oxo, 18-nor-5 α-card-13-enolid, 11 α-hydroxygitoxigenin, 12-oxo,8, 14β-epoxy-uzarigenin, 8β-hydroxy, 15-oxo-uzarigenin and 12β-hydroxy-oleandrigenin are described for the first time, the presence of oleandrigenin-glycosides in the genus Ornithogalum was not known until now. Ornithogalum nutans L. shows a different cardenolide pattern from the second European species of the section Myogalum (LINK) PETERM. - Ornithogalum boucheanum (KUNTH) ASCHERS.
Cardenolide aus Ornithogalum nutans (2 n = 30), 2. Mitteilung+ / Cardenolides from Ornithogalum nutans (2 n = 30), Part 2+
Authors: Ferth Roland , Baumann Andreas , Mayer Klaus K. , Robien Wolfgang , Kopp Brigitte
Published: March 2015

From bulbs of Ornithogalum nutans L. (2 n = 30) nineteen cardenolides were isolated by column chromatography and TLC. Thirteen substances were structurally elucidated as glycosides of Strophanthidin, Sarmentosigenin, Sarmentogenin, Bipindogenin, 2a-Hydroxy-bipin-dogenin, Syriogenin, 7a-Hydroxy,12-oxo,8β,14β-epoxy-uzarigenin, 3β,11β-Dihydroxy,12-oxo, 18-nor-5 α-card-13-enolide, 3β, 11β-Dihydroxy, 12-oxo, 18-nor-5 α-carda-13,20(22)-dienolide, mainly by means of 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy, FAB-MS and identification of the sugar moieties by GLC after acid hydrolysis of the cardenolides. Six of these glycosides were identified by cochromatography (HPLC and TLC) with authentic samples. The results obtained were discussed with regard to the close botanical relationship of Ornithogalum nutans L. and Ornithogalum boucheanum (KUNTH) ASCHERS.
Dinitrosylmolybdenum Complexes with Anion Ligands Coordinating by Oxygen Atoms. Synthesis, Electronic Structure and Olefin Metathesis Activity of Carboxylato-Dinitrosyl-Molybdenum Complexes
Authors: Keller Antoni , Szterenberg Ludmiła
Published: March 2015

The new carboxylato-dinitrosyl-molybdenum complexes of the formula: [Mo(NO)2(O2CMe)2] • MeOH, Na2[Mo(NO)2(O2CMe)4] and Mo(NO)2(O2CPh)2 have been synthesized. Their structure was resolved on the basis of spectroscopic investigations (1H NMR, IR, UV-VIS). Catalytic activity of these complexes in olefin metathesis reaction was also examined.

The electronic structure of dinitrosyl-molybdenum complexes with ligands coordinating by oxygen atoms was calculated for the example of the di- and tetra-acetato-dinitrosyl-molybdenum complexes using the Fenske-Hall and INDO methods. To interpret the spectroscopic properties (UV-VIS) within the method of interaction configuration, the electronic structure of the excited states was calculated.
Synthese und Kristallstruktur von [K(18-Krone-6)]2S6 · 2 CH3CN / Synthesis and Crystal Structure of [K(18-Crown-6)]2S6• 2CH3CN
Authors: Bacher Alfred-Dirk , Müller Ulrich , Ruhlandt-Senge Karin
Published: March 2015

[K(18-crown-6)]2S6•2CH3CN was obtained from K2S5 and 18-crown-6 in acetonitrile. The crystalline compound easily loses the incorporated acetonitrile. Its crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction with 3095 reflexions, R = 0.058. Crystal data: a = 1621.4(8), b = 812.1(3), c = 3271(2) pm, β = 90.75(4)°, space group C2/c, Ζ = 4. The chain-like S6
2- ion has transoid conformations. Each of its terminal atoms is coordinated to one K+ ion, which in turn is surrounded by one crown ether molecule.
103Rh- und 15N-NMR-Untersuchungen an bindungsisomeren Hexakis(thiocyanato(N)-thiocyanato(S))-rhodaten(III) / 103Rh and 15N NMR Investigations on Bond Isomeric Hexakis(thiocyanato(N)-thiocyanato(S))rhodates(III)
Authors: Preetz W. , Peters G. , Vogt J.-U.
Published: March 2015

By 103Rh and 15N NMR spectroscopy eight bond isomers of the preparatively feasible system [Rh(NCS)n(SCN)6-n]3-, n = 0-4, including the three pairs of stereoisomers for n = 2,3,4 are identified and assigned unequivocally by their clearly resolved signals. A downfield shift of approximately 540 ppm per isomerization step from S bonding to N bonding is observed in the 103Rh spectra. The non-separable stereoisomers exhibit a high field shift of 4-30 ppm of the trans/mer as compared to the cis/fac isomers. The spectra of the 99% isotopically 15N enriched bond isomers reveal splittings of the 103Rh signals into the expected multiplets with 1J(RhN) couplings of about 23 Hz, which are confirmed and determined more precisely to 21,0 Hz for SRhN axes and 24,1 Hz for NRhN axes from the 15N spectra. The 15N resonances are observed in three characteristic regions depending on the bond type of the ambident ligands and their geometrical arrangement. For S bonding the signals appear at lowest field between — 134 and —141 ppm, for N bonding in asymmetric axes NRhS between —269 and —271 ppm, and in symmetric axes NRhN at highest field between —292 and —297 ppm. Some signals in the S bonding region are split by a very small 3J(RhN) coupling of about 0,7 Hz.
H2NNH- und H2NO- als η2-koordinierte Liganden in Tripod-Cobalt-Komplexen / H2NNH- and H2NO- as η2-Coordinated Ligands in Tripod Cobalt Complexes
Authors: Vogel Sabine , Huttner Gottfried , Zsolnai Laszlo , Emmerich Christiane
Published: March 2015

The complex cation [tripod Co η2-(NH2O)]+, 2, (tripod = CH3C(CH2PPh2)3) containing an η2-coordinated NH2O−-ligand is an isoelectronic equivalent to the recently reported complex [tripod Co η2-(Ν2Η3)]+, 1, which contains side-on coordinated N2H3
− [1,4]. The structures of the two cations 1 and 2 are almost superimposable.

The structural discrimination between the NH2- and O- parts of the η2-NH2O--ligand in 2 has been corroborated by the synthesis and X-ray analysis of the cations [tripod Co η2-(NMe2O)]+, 3, and [tripod Co Cl (NH2OMe)]+, 4. The hydroxylamido(1–) compound 2 upon treatment with air transforms into the nitrosyl compound [tripod Co (NO)], 5, the structure of which has also been determined.
Na2[SnAs2], die erste Zintl-Phase mit einem [SnAs2]-Raumnetz aus adamantan-analogen [Sn4As10]-Einheiten / Na2[SnAs2], the First Zintl Phase with a [SnAs2] Framework Based on Adamantan Analogous [Sn4As10] Units
Authors: Asbrand Matthias , Eisenmann Brigitte
Published: March 2015

The metallic grey compound Na2[SnAs2] was prepared from a molten mixture of the elements. Na2[SnAs2] crystallizes in the tetragonal space group I41/acd, Z = 32, with the lattice constants: a = 1416.6(3) pm, c = 2119.1(4) pm, c/a = 1.4959.

In the crystal structure four [SnAs4] tetrahedra are connected by common corners forming adamantan analogous [Sn4As10] units. The further connection of these tetrameric moieties by the terminal As atoms results in a three-dimensional framework ∞
3[SnAs2
2-], in which the Na atoms occupy distorted tetrahedral and octahedral holes.
Titan(IV)-Fulvalenkomplexe. Darstellung und Struktur von [CpTiPh2l2(C10H8) / Titanium(IV) Fulvalene Complexes. Preparation and Structure of [CpTiPh2]2(C10H8)
Authors: Thewalt Ulf , Wöhrle Thomas
Published: March 2015

The green insoluble TiIV compound which is obtained by treating titanocene with HC1 reacts with PhLi to yield the fulvalene-bridged compound [CpTiPh2]2(C10Hg) 3(Ph). An X-ray structure analysis of 3(Ph) shows, that the Ti atoms are in a trans arrangement with respect to the fulvalene group. Crystal data for 3(Ph) are as follows: C44H38Ti2, orthorhombic, space group P212,1 21, with a = 11,385(2), b = 14,510(2), c = 19,489(4) Å, Z = 4. The crystals exhibit enantiomorphism.
Zur Chemie der 1,3,5-Triaza-2-phosphinan-4,6-dione, Teil V Darstellung der Phosphoryl(III)(λ4P)- und Thiophosphoryl(III)(λ4P)-Derivate der 1,3,5-Triaza-2-phosphinan-4,6-dione. Umsetzungen mit Ketonen Chemistry of the 1,3,5-Triaza-2-phosphinane-4,6-diones, Part V / Synthesis of Phosphoryl(III)(λ4P) and Thiophosphoryl(III)(λ4P) Derivatives of 1,3,5-Triaza-2-phosphinane-4,6-diones. Reactions with Ketones
Authors: Neda Ion , Farkens Michael , Fischer Axel , Jones Peter G. , Schmutzler Reinhard
Published: March 2015

The phosphoryl(III)(λ4P) and thiophosphoryl(III)(λ4P) derivatives, 1,3,5-trimethyl-2-hydro-1,3,5-triaza-2-oxo-2λ4-phosphinane-4,6-dione 2 and 1,3,5-trimethyl-2-hydro-1,3,5-triaza-2-thio-2λ4-phosphinane-4,6-dione 3 were obtained from 2-chloro-1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-triaza-2λ3-phosphinane-4,6-dione 1, by reaction either with water or with hydrogen sulphide. The reactions of 2 and 3 with the fluorine-containing ketones, hexafluoroacetone and trifluoroacetophenone, led to the compounds 4-7 with the P(:O)–O or P(:S)–O structural element. The compounds 2-6 were characterized via their 1H, 13C and 31P NMR spectra, mass spectra and through the X-ray structure determination of 4. Compound 7 was characterized from its 1H and 31P NMR spectrum and mass spectrum, only.
Die Kristallstruktur von NaZnAsO4 / The Crystal Structure of NaZnAsO4
Authors: Andratschke Martina , Range Klaus-Jürgen , Klement Ulrich
Published: March 2015

Single crystals of NaZnAsO4 were grown in a sodium molybdate flux. The compound crystallizes monoclinically, space group P21/n, with a = 8.951(1), b = 8.2085(9), c = 15.699(2) Å, β = 90.153(6)° and Ζ = 12. The structure was refined to R = 0.036, Rw = 0.035 for 3355 independent, absorption-corrected reflections. NaZnAsO4 belongs to the beryllonite (NaBePO4) structure type.
Notizen: Eine neue bicyclische Zinn-Selen-Verbindung. Synthese und Kristallstruktur von [{Cp(CO)2Fe}3ClSn3Se4] / A New Bicyclic Tin Selenium Compound. Synthesis and Crystal Structure of [{Cp(CO)2Fe}3ClSn3Se4]
Authors: Merzweiler Kurt , Kraus Harald
Published: March 2015

[{Cp(CO)2Fe}SnCl3] reacts with Na2Se in THF to form the compound [{Cp(CO)2Fe}3ClSn3Se4] 1. 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with 4 formula units per unit cell. The lattice constants are α = 1435.2(7), b = 1124.4(4), c = 1972.7(12) pm, β = 94.59(4)°. According to the X-ray structure determination 1 contains a bicyclic Sn3Se4 framework.
Notizen: Das 1,1′,3,3′-Tetrakis(dimethylamino)-1λ5,3 λ5-diphosphetium-Kation / The 1,1′,3,3′-Tetrakis(dimethylamino)-1λ5,3 λ5-diphosphetium Cation
Authors: Fluck Ekkehard , Heckmann Gernot , Lange Karsten
Published: March 2015

Preparation and properties of the λ5-1,3-diphosphetium cation are described. The NMR data and some results of the X-ray structural analysis are discussed.
Die Hydrate von tert-Butanol: Kristallstruktur von Me3COH · 2H2O und Me3COH · 7H2O [1] / The Hydrates of tert-Butanol: Crystal Structure of Me3COH · 2 H2O and Me3COH · 7H2O
Authors: Mootz Dietrich , Stäben Dieter
Published: March 2015

The system tert-butanol-water has been confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction and singlecrystal structure analysis to contain two hydrates, a dihydrate and a higher hydrate. The composition of the latter, contradictory in the literature, could be resolved in favor of the new one of a heptahydrate. The dihydrate (m.p. 0.7°C) is monoclinic with space group P21 and Z = 2 formula units per unit cell of dimensions a = 6.017, b = 6.055, c = 10.377 Å and β = 106.60° at -150°C. The heptahydrate (m.p. -6°C, dec.) is orthorhombic with space group Pnma, Z = 4, a = 12.589, b = 15.251 and c = 6.645 Å at -150°C. Both hydrates contain characteristic layers of hydrogen-bonded O atoms, which in the heptahydrate are further linked into a three-dimensional semi-clathrate structure
Dimethylmetallderivate substituierter Pyrrole (Metall = Al, Ga und In) / Dimethylmetal Derivatives of Substituted Pyrroles (Metal = Al, Ga, and In)
Authors: Tödtmann Jochen , Schwarz Wolfgang , Weidlein Johann , Haaland Arne
Published: March 2015

The reactions of indium trimethyl with the substituted pyrroles HNC4H2Me2-2,5 and HNC4Me4-2,3,4,5 (Me = CH3) yield the solid, high melting dimethylindium azolides Me2In—NC4H2Me2-2,5 and Me2In—NC4Me4, respectively. Colorless and crystalline N-methyl-2-dimethylmetal pyrrolides have been prepared from Me2MCl (M = Al, Ga, In) and lithiated N-methyl pyrrole. All compounds were investigated by MS, NMR (1H and 13C), and vibrational spectra (IR and Raman). The X-ray structure determinations of Me2Ga—C4H3NMe and Me2InNC4Me4 show the triclinic space group P T in both cases, with two formula units per cell forming “π-dimers” via short intermolecular M · · · C contacts of 248.1 (Ga) and 257.5 (In) pm.
Synthese und Reaktionen von oktaedrischen Boranatoruthenium(II)-Komplexen / Synthesis and Reactions of Octahedral Boranatoruthenium(II) Complexes
Authors: Kohlmann Walter , Werner Helmut
Published: March 2015

The boranato(hydrido) ruthenium(II) complex mer-[RuH(η2-H2BH2)(PMe3)3] (4) is prepared from trans-[RuCl2(PMe3)4], NaBH4 and methanol. Compound 4 reacts with CO/NEt3, PMe3, HON=CHCH3 and CH3OH/H2 by elimination of BH3 to give the octahedral complexes cis/mer-[RuH2(CO)(PMe3)3] (5), cis-[RuH2(PMe3)4] (2), mer-[RuH(η2-ON=CHCH3)(PMe3)3] (6) and cis/mer-[RuH2(η2-H2)(PMe3)3] (7), respectively. The reaction of 4 with alkynes HC≡CR (R = H, Me, Ph, tBu) and RC≡CCO2Me (R = Me, CO2Me) leads to the formation of the insertion products mer-[Ru(E–CH=CHR)(η2-H2BH2)(PMe3)3] (9, 10a, 11,12), mer-[Ru(CMe=CH2)(η/2-H2BH2)(PMe3)3] (10b), mer-[Ru(C(CO2Me)=CHC(OMe)=O)(η1-HBH3)(PMe3)3] (14) and mer-[Ru(CMe=CHCO2Me)(η2-H2BH2)(PMe3)3] (15). From 4 and HC≡CCO2Me, the alkynyl ruthenium(II) compound mer-[Ru(C≡CCO2Me)(η2-H2BH2)(PMe3)3] (13) is obtained. The alkenyl complex 11 (R = Ph) reacts with phenylacetylene in the molar ratio 1:1 to give mer-[Ru(C≡CPh)(η2-H2BH2)(PMe3)3] (16) whereas with excess PhC≡CH the bis(alkynyl) compound trans-[Ru(C≡CPh)2(PMe3)4] (17) is formed. Treatment of 11 with 2 equivalents of PMe3 affords cis-[RuH(E–CH=CHPh)(PMe3)4] (20) which reacts with CHCl3 to yield an isomeric mixture of cis/trans-[RuCl(E–CH = CHPh)(PMe3)4] (22a, b). Attempts to prepare the vinylidene ruthenium(O) complex [Ru(=C=CHPh)(PMe3)4] by HCl elimination from 22a failed.
Tetra-heteroelementsubstituierte Methane und isomere Phosphorylide: C- versus P-Nucleophilie ambidenter Phosphinomethanide / Tetra-Heteroelement Substituted Methanes and Isomeric Phosphorus Ylides: C- versus P-Nucleophilicity of Ambidentate Phosphinomethanides
Authors: Karsch Hans H. , Richter Roland , Schier Annette
Published: March 2015

Fully heteroelement substituted carbanions, i.e. phosphinomethanides of the type [(Me2P)C(X)(Y)]- (X, Y = PMe2, SiMe3) react with organoelement chlorides (X—Cl, Y—Cl) to give tetra-heteroelement substituted methanes and/or isomeric phosphorus ylides with an element-phosphorus bond. The latter in some cases are rigid, in others fluctional and in certain cases may rearrange to the isomeric methane derivatives. The results are explained by the involvement of pentacoordinated silicon derivatives, which only occur as transient species, however. A compound with pentacoordinated silicon in the ground state is obtained from Li[(Me2P)2C(SiMe3)] and RSiCl3 (R = Ph), but it slowly rearranges to the isomeric methane derivate (Me2P)2(Me3Si)(Cl2PhSi)C within four weeks at + 20°C. Within six weeks, further rearrangement occurs to give the ylide Me2P —PMe2=C(SiMe3)(SiPhCl2). For R = tBu, only the analogous rearranged ylide is found. Its molecular structure was confirmed by an X-ray structure determination.
π-Olefin-Iridium-Komplexe, XVIII [1] Reaktionen von Bis[cycloocta-1,5-dien-μ-chloro-iridium] mit n-Propyllithium in Gegenwart von Alkinen / π-Olefin Iridium Complexes, XVIII [1]
Reactions of Bis[cycloocta-l,5-diene-μ-chloro-iridium] with n-Propyllithium in the Presence of Alkynes
Authors: Müller Jörn , Qiao Ke , Schubert Regina , Tschampel Matthias
Published: March 2015

The reaction of [(cod)IrCl]2 (cod = η4-cycloocta-1,5-diene) with n-C3H7Li gives non-isola-ble (cod)IrH species by β-elimination of (cod)Ir-n-C3H7 intermediates; the stable final products of further reactions with RC = CR highly depend on the nature of the substituents R. With R = Me the 6-endo-H-hexamethylcyclohexadienyl complex 1 is obtained together with the iridacyclopentadienyl compound 2 and known {[(cod)IrH]4C3H4) (3). In case of R = Et steric effects cause transfer of the hydridic hydrogen to the cod ligand, and the hexaethylbenzene species 4 is isolated which was characterized by crystal structure analysis. The reaction system with tolane again yields a 6-endo-H-cyclohexadienyl complex (5). In all cases free substituted benzenes are formed as cyclotrimerization products of the alkynes.
Enantioselective Catalysis, 84 New Chiral TADDOLs for the Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Benzaldehyde Catalyzed by Ti(IV)
Authors: Brunner Henri , Zang Er-Le
Published: March 2015

The new chiral ligands (4 R, 5 R)-2,2-dimethyl-a,a,a′,a′-tetra(p-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)-1,3-dioxolane-4,5-dimethanol and [(4 R, 5 R)-2,2-dimethyl-a,a,a′,a′-tetra(p-triphenylphosphoniumphenyl)-1,3-dioxolane-4,5-dimethanol]X4 (X = I, BPh4) have been synthesized and characterized. Their catalytic efficiency has been tested in the reaction of benzaldehyde and diethylzinc in the presence of Ti(OPr)4. Enantioselectivities up to S/R = 98.7 :1.3 have been observed.
Darstellung und Kristallstruktur des Bis(diisobutylammonium)-heptasulfids [H2N(i-C4H9)2]2S7 / Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Bis(diisobutylammonium)-heptasulfide [H2N(i-C4H9)2]2S7
Authors: Müller C. , Böttcher P.
Published: March 2015

The reaction of diisobutylamine, H2S, and sulfur in a mixture of dimethylformamide, formamide, and ethanol yields orange crystals of bis(diisobutylammonium)-heptasulfide. The compound crystallizes in the centrosymmetric orthorhombic space group Pbca, the lattice constants are a = 11.234(4), b = 17.875(7), c = 27.009(10) Å. The S7
2-chain does not have the common helical all-trans-conformation, but a mixed conformation trans-cis-trans (sequence of the signs of torsion angles + + - - and - - + +).
Mathematical Modeling of Thermomechanical Stresses of Multilayer Erosion-Resistant Electrode Coatings of Magnetically Controlled MEMS
Authors: Karabanov Sergey , Suvorov Dmitriy , Gololobov Gennady , Slivkin Evgeny , Tarabrin Dmitry
Published: March 2015

The paper presents the results of numerical modeling of thermomechanical stresses and thermal fields for conditions of erosion-resistant electrode coatings of magnetically controlled MEMS switches with W-Ti-Cu structure at local temperature and electric current influence in axially symmetrical approximation. It is shown that the introduction of titan interlayer (30-100 nm) in the coating with W-Ti-Cu structure results in considerable (more than two times) decrease of internal thermomechanical stresses between layers that increases coating resistance to delamination. It is established that there is an optimum value of Ti layer thickness at which the minimum thermomechanical stresses are provided.
Apoio social à mulher mastectomizada: um estudo de revisão
Authors: Ambrósio Daniela Cristina Mucinhato , Santos Manoel Antônio dos
Published: March 2015

Para fundamentar as ações de cuidado integralizado em saúde da mulher é necessário compreender de que modo o apoio social pode contribuir para minimizar as repercussões do diagnóstico e do tratamento da neoplasia mamária. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a contribuição da produção científica nacional e internacional acerca do apoio social percebido por mulheres diagnosticadas com câncer de mama. A amostra foi constituída de 12 publicações, obtidas a partir de critérios de inclusão preestabelecidos, nas bases de dados MedLine, Lilacs e PsycINFO, na última década (2000-2010). Os resultados foram sistematizados em categorias temáticas: percepção do apoio familiar, apoio social percebido, percepção do apoio educacional, necessidade de aprimoramento da pesquisa e assistência às mastectomizadas e suas famílias. Os estudos dedicados à dimensão subjetiva do apoio social ainda são incipientes. As evidências disponíveis sugerem que a literatura é circunscrita a temas de interesse das profissões tradicionais da área da saúde, como Enfermagem e Medicina, privilegiando construtos que podem ser diretamente quantificados. A preocupação com o apoio social deve estar presente desde a fase de diagnóstico até a reabilitação psicossocial, como parte do processo de enfrentamento.
Elderly patients attended in emergency health services in Brazil: a study for victims of falls and traffic accidents
Authors: Freitas Mariana Gonçalves de , Bonolo Palmira de Fátima , Moraes Edgar Nunes de , Machado Carla Jorge
Published: March 2015

The article aims to describe the profile of elderly victims of falls and traffic accidents from the data of the Surveillance Survey of Violence and Accidents (VIVA). The VIVA Survey was conducted in the emergency health-services of the Unified Health System in the capitals of Brazil in 2011. The sample of elderly by type of accident was subjected to the two-step cluster procedure. Of the 2463 elderly persons in question, 79.8% suffered falls and 20.2% were the victims of traffic accidents. The 1812 elderly who fell were grouped together into 4 clusters: Cluster 1, in which all had disabilities; Cluster 2, all were non-white and falls took place in the home; Cluster 3, younger and active seniors; and Cluster 4, with a higher proportion of seniors 80 years old or above who were white. Among cases of traffic accidents, 446 seniors were grouped into two clusters: Cluster 1 of younger elderly, drivers or passengers; Cluster 2, with higher age seniors, mostly pedestrians. The main victims of falls were women with low schooling and unemployed; traffic accident victims were mostly younger and male. Complications were similar in victims of falls and traffic accidents. Clusters allow adoption of targeted measures of care, prevention and health promotion.
Avaliação de sóleos de ratas Wistar ooforectomizadas e remobilizadas em meio aquático
Authors: Silva Lígia Inez , Rosa Camila Thieime , Meireles Anamaria , Rocha Bruno Pogorzelski , Soares Carmen Lúcia Rondon , Ribeiro Lucinéia de Fátima Chasko , Brancalhão Rose Meire Costa , Bertolini Gladson Ricardo Flor
Published: March 2015

INTRODUÇÃO: as incertezas sobre a forma mais eficaz de remobilização para músculos após períodos de imobilização.OBJETIVO: avaliar o comportamento da remobilização com natação sobre parâmetros histomorfométricos do músculo sóleo de ratas ooforectomizadas e pseudo-ooforectomizadas.MÉTODOS: foram utilizadas 24 ratas Wistar subdivididas em quatro grupos: G1: submetidos à ooforectomia, imobilização por 15 dias e remobilizados livremente; G2: ooforectomia, imobilização e remobilizados com natação por 10 dias; G3: pseudo-ooforectomia, imobilização e remobilizados livremente; G4: pseudo-ooforectomia, imobilização e remobilizados com natação. Os músculos sóleos direitos e esquerdos foram dissecados para as análises histomorfométricas longitudinal e transversal. A contagem de sarcômeros se deu em 300 µm e o comprimento da fibra muscular foi medida por paquímetro analógico. O peso muscular foi obtido em balança analítica e o diâmetro foi realizado em 100 fibras por músculo.RESULTADOS: houve redução significativa, tanto na análise longitudinal quanto transversal, quando comparados os músculos sóleos direitos e esquerdos de ambos os grupos.CONCLUSÃO: a imobilização do músculo sóleo de ratas ooforectomizadas e pseudo-ooforectomizadas acarreta efeitos deletérios à morfometria muscular e a remobilização por meio da natação não foi capaz de promover o retorno dos padrões estruturais do músculo sóleo.
Creatina e treinamento resistido: efeito na hidratação e massa corporal magra
Authors: Zanelli José Carlos Sales , Cordeiro Braian Alves , Beserra Bruna Teles Soares , Trindade Erasmo Benício Santos de Moraes
Published: March 2015

INTRODUÇÃO: a creatina é um recurso ergogênico cuja suplementação tem sido associada ao aumento da hidratação corporal total e ao aumento da massa muscular dos consumidores. Entretanto, estudiosos questionam se o aumento da massa muscular é um ganho real.OBJETIVO: avaliar o efeito da suplementação de creatina sobre a hidratação e o aumento de massa magra em indivíduos previamente treinados e não treinados, submetidos a um programa de treinamento resistido.MÉTODOS: ensaio clínico não randomizado, constituído por três momentos, M1 - Início da suplementação com 20g/dia de creatina; M2 - 7 dias após iniciada a suplementação e redução da suplementação para 5g/dia; M3 - 28 dias de suplementação. Nos momentos propostos, foram realizadas aferições de peso, estatura e avaliação da composição corporal (massa magra, água corporal total) com a utilização do BYODINAMICS(r) Modelo 310. Para todos os testes estatísticos, foi adotado o nível de significância de 95% (p<0,05).RESULTADOS: participaram desse estudo 14 voluntários adultos do sexo masculino, com idade média de 22,57(±1,45) anos, dos quais sete eram treinados e sete não treinados. Após 28 dias de suplementação, no grupo treinado observou-se um aumento significativo no peso, água corporal total, massa magra e hidratação da massa magra, mas nenhum aumento significativo foi observado no grupo não treinado. Em relação ao ângulo de fase, este aumentou no grupo não treinado e reduziu no grupo treinado.CONCLUSÃO: a suplementação de creatina associada ao treinamento resistido é mais efetiva na hidratação de indivíduos treinados, como também é suficiente para reduzir a diferença significativa do ângulo de fase intergrupos, sugerindo assim, maior hidratação celular em ambos os grupos. Contudo, esse aumento na hidratação não revelou aumento significativo no tecido muscular.
Habilidades sociais em estudantes de jornalismo
Authors: Teles Lídia Cristina da Silva , Fernandes Nayara Freitas , Abramides Dagma Venturini Marques
Published: March 2015

OBJETIVO: caracterizar o repertório de habilidades sociais de estudantes de Jornalismo. MÉTODOS: participaram 89 estudantes de Jornalismo da UNESP/Bauru, sendo 63 do sexo feminino e 26 do masculino, com idades variando entre 18 e 28 anos, os quais responderam ao Inventário de Habilidades Sociais IHS-Del-Prette (Del Prette & Del Prette, 2001). RESULTADOS: os dados indicaram que os estudantes do curso de jornalismo apresentaram repertório de habilidades sociais classificados "Bom acima da média" para as o escore global, as habilidades sociais de comunicação (F1), assertivas de enfrentamento (F3), empáticas (F4) e de trabalho (F5). O único fator que apresentou classificação como "Bom abaixo da média" foi as habilidades sociais de civilidade (F2), que corresponde a expressar afeto aos amigos, agradecer, apresentar-se, cumprimentar e despedir-se. Não houve diferença estatiscamente significante entre os cinco fatores estudados e os gêneros com relação aos resultados do escore global e os escores dos cinco fatores do IHS-Del-Prette. CONCLUSÃO: Estudantes de jornalismo apresentam habilidades sociais que lhe permitem interações sociais saudáveis, mas estas não se apresentaram no seu potencial máximo. As habilidades sociais que se revelaram com maior necessidade de desenvoltura foram as de "civilidade" e de "expressar sentimentos positivos e negativos".
O aniquilamento de Cartago e Numância
Authors: Sebastiani Breno Battistin
Published: March 2015

A tradição historiográfica, iniciada com Políbio, a respeito da trajetória política de Cipião Emiliano (185-129 a.C.), descreveu-a como marcada pela criação de precedentes institucionais por meio de sucessivos atos de concentração de poder e violência militar. Até hoje a maioria dos historiadores tem interpretado essa tradição como favorável à imagem do comandante romano, a despeito das ressalvas de A. Momigliano. Partindo dessas ressalvas, alguns momentos-chave dessa tradição (a obtenção de dois consulados e o aniquilamento das cidades de Cartago e Numância por Cipião) mostram também um viés crítico, sobretudo devido ao contraste entre as imagens tópicas do intelectual aberto ao helenismo e do comandante competente embora truculento.
Degeneração mucóide da oligodendroglia em um caso de enfermidade do grupo Wilson
Authors: Austregésilo Filho A.
Published: March 2015

Recordam-se, no presente trabalho, as alterações da oligodendroglia em particular a degeneração mucóide. Relata-se sinteticamente um caso do grupo Wilson - espasmo de torção - em que havia degeneração mucóide da oligodendroglia predominantemente na substância branca do encéfalo. Na substância cinzenta, a degeneração mucóide era mais intensa no mesencéfalo, nos grupos celulares peri-aqueduto de Sylvius (núcleo intersticial de Cajal e núcleo do III par craneano). Neste ponto assinala-se a presença de substância mucóide dentro de células nervosas, fato que o autor admite ser devido à penetração da oligodendroglia com entumescimento agudo e que posteriormente degenerou. Diz que este fato não quer afirmar se trate de neuronofagia e sugere a possibilidade da oligoglia poder penetrar o corpo celular do neurônio.
Seminoma em testículo ectópico invadindo o canal vertebral: Síndrome de lesão dos plexos lombar e sacro
Authors: Lange Oswaldo , Bittencourt J. M. Taques
Published: March 2015

É relatado um caso de seminoma em testículo ectópico de evolução longa e atípica. Revelada incidentalmente no decurso de uma operação de hérnia inguinal, a neoplasia permaneceu muda por mais 9 anos. O início da sintomatologia neurológica, monoplegia crural do lado da ectopia, coincidiu com uma operação de varizes mal indicada, porquanto estas eram o resultado da suplência periférica à oclusão da veia ilíaca comprimida pelo tumor. A neoplasia que evoluiu por contiguidade pelos troncos e gânglios linfáticos do testículo, após comprimir os plexos lombar e sacro invadiu o canal raquidiano produzindo uma síndrome da cauda equina. Estes fatos - longo tempo de evolução da moléstia ocorrido sem qualquer sinal mórbido, a sintomatologia evoluindo por etapas, o crescimento por contiguidade e a não existencia de metástases, a forma laminar do tumor, colando-se ao plano profundo da fossa ilíaca e por isso não sendo palpável, a coincidência da modificação do quadro neurológico com a realização do ato cirúrgico, dificultando o diagnóstico - tornam o caso raro, interessante e instrutivo.
Atuação da equipe de enfermagem nos programas de assistência integral à saúde da criança e da mulher
Authors: Vieira Ana Luiza Stiebler , Gribel Else Barholdy
Published: March 2015

Objetivando demonstrar a plena utilização dos Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem, o compromisso social desta com grupos da população reconhecidamente carente da assistência à saúde e a viabilização da extensão de cobertura, as autoras descrevem e avaliam as atividades da equipe de enfermagem junto a uma população de baixa renda no município do Rio de Janeiro.
Opinião de mulheres de baixa renda, residentes em cidade do interior sobre planejamento familiar
Authors: Carneiro Anamaria , Rodrigues Kazue Horigoshi
Published: March 2015

Apresenta opinião de mulheres de baixa renda, residentes em zona rural do interior, sobre concepção e contracepção; identifica o nível de conhecimento sobre planejamento familiar e demonstra os aspectos sócio-culturais que influenciam na opinião destas mulheres.
Formas alternativas de ensino estudo comparativo
Authors: Santos Branca Maria de Oliveira , Boemer Magali Roseira , Casagrande Lisete Diniz Ribas
Published: March 2015

Apresenta os resultados de nova alternativa para o ensino dos conteúdos programáticos de Fundamentos de Enfermagem que se constitui em melhora do rendimento e do nível de satisfação dos alunos.
Graus de riscos a oue estão expostos os trabalhadores em instituições hospitalares modelo de intevenção de enfermagem centrado nos riscos dominantes
Authors: Soares Onedina , Peixoto Josefa Clélia
Published: March 2015

As autoras apresentam um estudo descritivo sobre os graus de riscos a que estão expostos os trabalhadores de um hospital geral, localizado na Cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Apresentam outrossim, um Modelo de Intervenção de Enfermagem, centrado nos riscos dominantes, evidenciados na investigação empreendida.
A enfermagem esportiva: proposta de consulta de enfermagem em academia de ginástica e musculação
Authors: Heidemann Míriam
Published: March 2015

Aponta o trabalho na academia de ginástica com nova área de atuação para o enfermeiro. Relata uma experiência, onde, através da consulta de enfermagem, identificou problemas de saúde (hérnia inguinal, desvios patológicos da coluna, hipertensão arterial, varizes tabagismo e suas consequências), solucionou problemas e/ou encaminhou os alunos para recursos da comunidade.
Nutrição parenteral: programa de assistência domiciliária
Authors: Silva Cynthia Maria da , Olm Isabel Cristina Kowal , Lacerda Rúbia Aparecida
Published: March 2015

A Nutrição Parenteral Prolongada (NPP) tem sido objeto de estudos avançados e de resultados comprovadamente satisfatórios em pacientes com diversas patologias. Tentativas com sucesso têm sido levadas a efeito, direcionando o paciente com NPP de volta ao seu domicílio. Com base nisto, as autoras propõem a criação nos Hospitais de Ensino, de Programas de Assistência Domiciliária para estes pacientes. Apresentam neste trabalho um modelo para operacionalização deste Programa, baseado na atuação da Equipe Multiprofissional. É dado ênfase ao trabalho da enfermeira, dirigido para a assistência e educação do paciente bem como a de seus familiares, visando capacitá-los para o auto-cuidado.
Subsídios para formulação de uma política de profissionalização para o pessoal de enfermagem sem qualificação específica
Authors: Santos Isabel dos , Souza Alina Maria de Almeida , Galvão Ena de Araújo
Published: March 2015

Apresenta a situação dos recursos humanos em saúde nos últimos anos. Aponta as necessidades destes recursos frente às características da Reforma Sanitária a ser implantada no país com ênfase na enfermagem e, por último apresenta alguns mecanismos que facilitaram a profissionalização do pessoal de enfermagem sem qualificação específica.
A administração de injetáveis em farmácias: ação educativa do enfermeiro
Authors: Mendes Isabel Amélia Costa , Nogueira Maria Suely , Cassiani Silvia Helena de Bortoli , Zanetti Maria Lúcia
Published: March 2015

A partir da aplicação de entrevista, que detectou a necessidade de aprendizagem que os práticos de farmácia apresentam com relação à administração de medicamentos injetáveis, elaborou-se curso teórico-prático visando promover o aprimoramento técnico e a difusão de princípios científicos que norteiam tal procedimento. O resultado satisfatório desta iniciativa indica a necessidade de se atentar para esta área onde a ação educativa do enfermeiro não pode deixar de ser efetivada.
Screening of papaya accessions resistant to Papaya lethal yellowing virus and capacity of Tetranychus urticae to transmit the virus
Authors: Basso Marcos Fernando , Pereira Álvaro Júlio , Pereira Hermano Monteiro de Barros , Ramos Humberto Josué de Oliveira , Dantas Jorge Luiz Loyola , Fontes Elizabeth Pacheco Batista , Andrade Eduardo Chumbinho de , Zerbini Francisco Murilo
Published: March 2015

The objective of this work was to produce a polyclonal antiserum against the coat protein (CP) of Papaya lethal yellowing virus (PLYV) and to determine its specificity and sensibility in the diagnosis of the virus, as well as to evaluate the genetic resistance to PLYV in papaya (Carica papaya) accessions and to investigate the capacity of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae to acquire and transmit PLYV to the plants. Sixty-five papaya accessions were evaluated. For each accession, ten plants were mechanically inoculated using PLYV-infected plant extracts, and three plants were mock inoculated with phosphate buffer alone and used as negative controls. Ninety days after inoculation, newly-emerging systemic leaves were collected from the inoculated plants, and viral infection was diagnosed by indirect Elisa, using polyclonal antiserum sensible to the in vitro-expressed PLYV CP. Viral transmission by T. urticae was evaluated in greenhouse. The experiments were repeated twice. Polyclonal antiserum recognized the recombinant PLYV CP specifically and discriminated PLYV infection from infections caused by other plant viruses. Out of the 65 papaya accessions evaluated, 15 were considered resistant, 18 moderately resistant, and 32 susceptible. The two-spotted spider mite T. urticae was capable of acquiring PLYV, but not of transmitting it to papaya.
Alginate-pomegranate peels' polyphenols beads: effects of formulation parameters on loading efficiency
Authors: Zam Wissam , Bashour Ghada , Abdelwahed Wassim , Khayata Warid
Published: March 2015

Calcium alginate beads containing pomegranate peels' polyphenol extract were encapsulated by ionic gelation method. The effects of various formulation factors (sodium alginate concentration, calcium chloride concentration, calcium chloride exposure time, gelling bath time maintaining, and extract concentration) on the efficiency of extract loading were investigated. The formulation containing an extract of 1 g pomegranate peels in 100 mL distilled water encapsulated with 3 % of sodium alginate cured in 0.05 M calcium chloride for 20 minutes and kept in a gelling bath for 15 minutes was chosen as the best formula regarding the loading efficiency. These optimized conditions allowed the encapsulation of 43.90% of total extracted polyphenols and 46.34 % of total extracted proanthocyanidins. Microencapsulation of pomegranate peels' extract in calcium alginate beads is a promising technique for pharmaceutical and food supplementation with natural antioxidants.
Potentially inappropriate medication use in institutionalized older adults according to the Beers Criteria
Authors: Ganassin Amanda Rodrigues , Matos Vanessa Terezinha Gubert de , Toffoli-Kadri Mônica Cristina
Published: March 2015

The need for specific care, coupled with new family arrangements, has contributed to the increasing institutionalization of elderly members. The purpose of this study was to evaluate drug use by institutionalized older adults according to Beers Criteria. This prospective, longitudinal study was conducted in the three non-profit long-stay geriatric care institutions of Campo Grande, in the Central-West region of Brazil. All subjects aged 60 years and above on November 2011 were included and followed until November 2012. Eighteen subjects were excluded and the final sample consisted of 133 individuals aged 60 to 113 years. Overall, 212 medications were used at geriatric care institution A, 532 at B, and 1329 at C. Thirty-four drugs were inappropriately prescribed 89 times at geriatric care institution A (41.98%), 49 prescribed 177 times at B (33.27%), and 91 prescribed 461 times at C (34.68%). Statistical differences in the inappropriate drug use were found between genders (p=0.007). The most commonly used potentially inappropriate medication were first-generation antihistamines (15.34%). There was a high frequency in the use of potentially inappropriate medications which can initiate marked side effects and may compromise the fragile health of institutionalized elderly. Thus, adopting the Beers Criteria in prescribing medication contributes to minimize adverse reactions and drug interactions.
Development of mouthwash with Rosmarinus officinalis extract
Authors: Paula Isabela Moreira Baumgratz de , Moraes Flávia Costa , Souza Orlando Vieira de , Yamamoto Célia Hitomi
Published: March 2015

Rosmarinus officinalis, which belongs to the Lamiaceaefamily, is a species of medicinal flora with therapeutic properties. In order to exploit the benefits of these properties, a mouthwash formulation was developed, with careful selection of raw materials to meet pharmacotechnical requirements. Extracts of the plant were incorporated into a mouthwash, which was shown to have inhibitory action in vitro against the micro-organisms commonly found in periodontics. Controls for assessing the quality of the drugs were carried out, quantifying phenols and flavonoids as chemical markers. Mouthwash solutions were formulated containing 0.1, 5 and 10% ethanol extract of R. officinalis; and 0.05, 5 and 10% of the hexane fraction of R. officinalis. In order to evaluate synergism, ethanol extract and hexane fraction were also added to formulations containing 0.05% sodium fluoride and 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate. These formulations were assessed for inhibitory effect against the specific microorganisms involved in the process of bacterial plaque formation, S. mutans(ATCC25175) and C. albicans(ATCC 10231), frequently found in cases of oral infections. The agar diffusion method was used to evaluate the inhibitory activity of extracts and formulations. All mouthwash solutions displayed inhibitory activity having higher sensitivity to S. mutansfor the 5% ethanol extract+0.05% sodium fluoride, and greater sensitivity to C. albicansfor the 10% hexane fraction. Results were characterized by the appearance of a growth inhibition halo, justifying the utilization and association of extracts of R. officinalis.