bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Nadkarni Maya
Published: January 2021

This chapter focuses on the shifting fates of the memory of the socialist past in postsocialist Hungary. Beginning in the early 1990s, the chapter describes more than two decades of political and social transformation in order to examine attempts at “spring cleaning” the remains of the past era from both private life and public culture. It analyzes the concept of “remains” as both physical objects and cultural remainders in order to symbolize all that Hungarians sought to leave behind as they struggled to remake themselves as new postsocialist subjects. The Hungarian's heated attempts to master the obstinate remainders of an ambivalent past also became struggles to determine the future and mourn the futures that were never realized. The chapter also examines how the conditions for “entering Europe” and becoming fully “modern” included the demand that Eastern Europe sacrifice previous historical narratives and disavow the meaningfulness of earlier lifeways.
Recovering National Victimhood at the House of Terror
Authors: Nadkarni Maya
Published: January 2021

This chapter explores how the center-right, Fidesz-led coalition government revived remains as a looming threat in Hungary's postsocialist culture and politics at the time of the 2002 elections. It talks about Fidesz's creation of the House of Terror, a controversial museum to commemorate Hungary's victims of fascism and communism, that became the key to the shift in the politics of memory. It looks at the purpose of the House of Terror in reviving the remains of socialism as a hidden danger that threatened Hungary. Although the Statue Park Museum's democratic preservation of socialism's monuments ultimately attracted few visitors, the House of Terror's history of victimization would make it enduringly popular with a public that increasingly blamed the persistence of socialist remains for the failure to enter transition's promised future. The chapter also reviews the efforts in funding the creation of the House of Terror.
Class Struggle and De-exceptionalizing the Gulf
Authors: Kanna Ahmed
Published: January 2021

This chapter presents a class-struggle perspective to the question of labor exploitation in the Arabian Peninsula, focusing on the figure of the foreign worker. Both liberal and neocolonial Western representations of the working-class migrant have been central to exceptionalizing discourses. In the popular imagination of many in the Global North/West, the Gulf region is almost automatically associated with hyperexploited, abused workers, primarily from South Asia. While these discourses are not entirely a fabrication—massive exploitation based on the racialization and patriarchal gendering of labor in the Gulf is very real—there is at the same time a disavowal in these Orientalist discourses that is either duplicitous or naive. Seen from a feminist and Marxist class-struggle perspective, the racialized exploitation of foreign workers is perhaps the aspect of Gulf societies that is most similar to the neoliberal societies of the North. The Gulf is least exceptional with respect to its regimes of labor exploitation.
“All We Wanted Was a Beautiful Home”
Authors: Musaraj Smoki
Published: January 2021

This chapter focuses on another important form of wealth: housing. It reviews practices of selling or demolishing and building, buying, or hoping to buy new homes to situate participation in the firms within broader transformations of the housing regime in the early 1990s Albania. The transformation entailed a change in the very value and meaning of the home. The chapter explains how the home became a commodity and could be used as capital. It emphasizes the continuities from the communist to the postsocialist context in the importance of the home as an object of transformation of the self. The chapter also discusses how the home has come to constitute a crucial asset in postsocialist Albania as it is seen as an object that can materialize specific temporalities of the future.
The Intimate Effects of U.S. Empire
Authors: Forgash Rebecca
Published: January 2021

This chapter explores the intimate effects of the global U.S. military presence through the experiences of U.S. military men and Okinawan women involved in romantic and sexual relationships with one another. Since 1945, the U.S. military has maintained a large-scale presence in Okinawa when the deadliest battle of the Pacific War was fought there. It defines the term “fencelines,” which refers to the barbed wire fences that surround U.S. military installations and mark them off-limits to local people. While military fences literally block access to inside spaces and resources, fencelines also have potent symbolic meanings, signaling the unequal relations of power that have historically separated those on the inside from those on the outside. The chapter also talks about symbolic fencelines that run throughout Okinawan society, dividing local people and places along lines of gender, race, and class in ways that support militarization.
The Production and Restraint of Military Violence
Authors: Manekin Devorah S.
Published: January 2021

This chapter explains the differences in soldier participation in violence during irregular war. It discusses why soldiers sometimes inflict violence eagerly, but at other times evade or resist using force. It also looks into forms of violence that are readily adopted or deemed excessive and inappropriate. The chapter analyzes the processes through which soldiers go to accept violence as legitimate, including what are the limits of these processes. It draws on a detailed case study of the Israel Defense Forces' (IDF) repression of the Palestinian insurgency from 2000 to 2005, known as the Second Intifada. The chapter also focuses on the production and restraint of violence in the modern Western military.
Race and Space
Authors: Rios Jodi
Published: January 2021

This chapter traces the ways by which culture is used to produce, police, study, and represent blackness specifically in conjunction with racialized metropolitan space in the United States—the cultural politics of race and space. Cultural politics is the scaffold for modes of informal disciplining, and it establishes the conditions of possibility for formal policing. The chapter then outlines some of the contours of the cultural politics of race and space that are important for understanding the practices and phenomena in North St. Louis County. Because scholarship produces powerful discourses that reveal, obscure, and sanction violence in and through space, it also considers the ways in which culture, race, and space have been historically conflated in different spaces of scholarship. Ultimately, North County stands as a prime example of how blackness-as-risk has been deployed at a local level through cultural politics in order to differentiate and police bodies and space for profit through racist and “race-neutral” policies and practices.
Native Autonomy in a Multinational State
Authors: Graber Kathryn E.
Published: January 2021

This chapter examines the conceptions of autonomy, indigeneity, and other dimensions of native belonging in the multinational Russian state. It explains why many Buryats have not taken up discourses of indigenous rights, even though doing so would likely benefit them in concrete financial and political ways. It also points out how Buryat cultural leaders pursued ethnonational instead of indigenous rights. The chapter reviews the conceptions of native autonomy in the multinational state of Russia. It analyzes the dimension of contemporary Buryat identity as products of the civilizing mission of European Russia in Asia, as semiautonomous subjects of a newly ethnic–nationalist Russia, and as pacifistic multiculturalists.
A Literary Standard and Its Discontents
Authors: Graber Kathryn E.
Published: January 2021

This chapter analyzes Buryat language standardization as an example of truncated standardization, a problem that characterizes many minority languages in postcolonial contexts. It discusses why indigenous languages like Buryat are more likely to be surrounded by a different lingua franca, such as Russian, and used between speakers of different dialects to reduce the immediate need for a standardized indigenous language. It assesses how media makers and other language elites persist in trying for standardization in an effort to create and maintain a strong literary standard as a crucial component of the Buryat modernizing project. The chapter also talks about contemporary audiences who control colloquial forms of Buryat but have a hard time understanding Buryat-language media, particularly news media. It investigates linguistic resources, such as dialects and Russian–Buryat mixed forms, that are not part of the literary standard but serve important social functions in certain contexts.
Emergent Minority Publics
Authors: Graber Kathryn E.
Published: January 2021

This chapter looks at the political ramifications of native-language media. It examines emerging patterns of media participation in digital contexts, particularly the increasing participation of nonlinguists in linguistic metacommentary. It also looks at the Buryat diaspora's growing presence on internet-based discussion boards and social media. The chapter points out the possibilities that seem to democratize engagement and expand the Buryat public to include members beyond the region. It also mentions how Buryat individuals offer new opportunities to police language use and reterritorialize Buryat belonging within the geographic boundaries of Buryatia.
Prevalence of Injuries in National Level Kabaddi Players in India- A Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Pal Sajjan , Kumar Saurabh , Sharma Ankush , Thariwal Shalu
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Kabaddi is a contact sport and national game of India and is widely played in all regions of India. In the recent past decade, it has been grown in popularity at the national level or the international level also. It is a highly strategic game that involves rapid forceful movements of the body, thus, injuries are inevitable in this field. Aim: To record the prevalence of injuries in the past and present, in terms of various body parts and to record awareness and access of physiotherapy in Indian Kabaddi players. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 80 professional national-level male Kabaddi players (mean age=21.65 years) presenting with various sports-related injuries were identified in the 1st All India Inter-University Kabaddi Tournament (2014-2015) held in Punjabi University, Patiala. Samples were selected by a convenient random sampling technique and scheduled questionnaire was the tool for data collection with three domains: demographic features, the present and past injuries, awareness and access of physiotherapy. Data was analysed using Microsoft excel and SPSS 20. Results: It was found that out of 80 players, the prevalence of present injury was 42.5% (n=34) and 62.5% (n=50) of injuries were recorded in the past two years. In the upper limb, the most common injured location was shoulder (21.25%) followed by the arm (5%). In the lower limb, knee (21.25%) was the most commonly injured site followed by the ankle (13.75%) while lower back (14.25%) constituted most of the injuries in the trunk. It was found that only 53.75% (n=41) players had awareness about physiotherapy and 23 (67.65%) players out of 34 players have chosen physiotherapy as treatment at the time of data collection. Conclusion: As kabaddi is a highly combative sport in nature, so athletes are more prone to get injured. More epidemiology studies are needed in Indian context to know the biomechanics of injuries.
МОРТОН Н. ГОСУДАРСТВА КРЕСТОНОСЦЕВ И ИХ СОСЕДИ: ВОЕННАЯ ИСТОРИЯ, 1099–1187. Оксфорд: Оксфорд Юниверсити Пресс, 2020. 289 с. , "Средние века"
Authors: Лучицкая С.И.
Published: January 2021

Рецензируемая книга представляет собой попытку реконструировать военную историю Ближнего Востока в эпоху ранних крестовых походов. Автор предлагает подробнейший анализ ближневосточного военного дела, включающий каждое упомянутое в источниках военное столкновение. В своей книге Н. Мортон порывает с упрощенным взглядом, в соответствии с которым крестовые походы были просто войнами между христианами и мусульманами. В исследовании обращено внимание на решающую роль в этих войнах курдов, бедуинов, туркменов и других народов Ближнего Востока, которые до cих пор едва ли рассматривались учеными.
Evaluation of daily residual pancreatic tumor motion for deep‐inspiration breath‐hold radiotherapy
Authors: Mao Weihua , Wu Binbin , Ding Kai , Han‐Oh Sarah , Narang Amol
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Breath‐hold techniques are widely used in radiation therapy to minimize respiratory‐induced tumor or organ‐at‐risk motion. However, residual motion persists, necessitating a reliable daily evaluation method.

Methods

At our institution, fiducial markers serve as surrogates for target localization in pancreatic cancer treatment. We developed an automated method to detect fiducial markers in every projection image of cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans acquired for patient setup and positioning verification. This method was retrospectively validated using data from nine pancreatic cancer patients.

Results

Residual motion was observed in all patients during breath‐hold maneuvers. Intrafraction target motion in repeated breath‐hold simulation CT scans averaged 1.9 ± 2.2 mm, with a maximum displacement of 8 mm in the superior‐inferior direction. Within a single CBCT scan, residual motion reached up to 7.3 mm, with an average drifting range of 3.8 ± 1.1 mm across 94 CBCT scans. The average standard deviation of drift was 1.5 ± 0.5 mm. Significant drift (1.3 ± 1.2 mm) and inter‐breath‐hold gaps (2.6 ± 2.0 mm) were detected within the same CBCT scan.

Conclusion

Our method enables daily residual motion assessment without additional equipment or extra radiation exposure. This information is critical for refining planning margins in online adaptive radiation therapy, improving treatment precision and patient safety.
Proteome Size Is Positively Correlated with Lifespan in Mammals but Negatively Correlated with Lifespan in Birds
Authors: Morimoto Juliano , Pietras Zuzanna
Published: February 2025

The central dogma describes the unidirectional flow of genetic information from DNA to proteins, leading to an underappreciation of the potential for the information contained in proteomes (the full set of proteins in an organism) to reflect broader biological processes such as lifespan. Here, this is addressed by examining how the size and composition of 276 proteomes from four vertebrate classes are related to lifespan. After accounting for the relationship between body weight and lifespan, lifespan is negatively correlated with proteome size in birds and, to a weaker extent, in fish, and positively correlated with lifespan in mammals. Proteome composition varies amongst the four vertebrate classes, but there is no evidence that any specific amino acid correlated with lifespan. The findings in relation to the role of dietary amino acid restriction are discussed on lifespan extension and raise questions about evolutionary and structural forces shaping proteome composition across species.
Chalcogenide Visible Transmissive Metasurface Optics
Authors: Dai Hao , Shi Yilin , Ju Zezhao , Lei Kunhao , Luo Ye , Song Jieren , Liu Ruizhe , Chen Qikai , Qi Mengxue , Ma Yaoguang , Li Lan , Lin Hongtao
Published: February 2025

The development of innovative dielectric materials is crucial for advancing metasurface optics. Chalcogenides are well‐known for their unique optical properties and broadband high transmission from visible to infrared, which promises to be an emerging material platform for metasurface optics. However, the lack of chalcogenide materials in visible transmissive metasurfaces remains. In this work, the designs and experimental works of the first chalcogenide visible transmissive metasurface optics based on the chalcogenide material Ge23Sb7S70 (GSS) platform are presented. Taking advantage of its high refractive index and low optical loss in visible, chalcogenide metalens, focused meta‐vortex, meta‐holographic devices, and computational visible spectrometers are designed and fabricated with a commendable performance. This work establishes the groundwork for realizing diverse functionalities and broader integration of chalcogenide metasurfaces at visible wavelengths.
Chiral Sensing of Amino Acids under Visible Light via Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Gels
Authors: Huang Luyao , Zhang Xianzhe , Xu Cheng , Wang Jiwei , Zhang Allen , Liu Yongmin , Zhu Hongli
Published: February 2025

The identification of Chiral molecules is essential in pharmaceutical and food science. However, conventional methods are complex and cost‐prohibitive. This study introduces a sustainable method using hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) gel to identify amino acids enantiomers, such as phenylalanine and alanine, through visible light. By integrating the structural color properties of HPC, this research demonstrates the HPC gel's capability to distinguish L (Levo)‐phenylalanine (L‐Phe), D (Dextro)‐phenylalanine (D‐Phe), and DL (racemic mixture)‐phenylalanine (DL‐Phe) supplemented with visible circular dichroism (CD) spectra or hydrochloric acid (HCl) as visual indicators. Similar chiral sensing results are observed with D‐alanine, L‐alanine, and DL‐alanine. Unlike traditional UV‐based detection requiring expensive equipment, this approach simplifies the process while maintaining sensitivity. Varying phenylalanine concentrations altered the CD response without disrupting the gel's helical structure, and color changes in response to HCl addition facilitated visual identification of enantiomers. Furthermore, adding various salts generates colorful HPC/Phe gels, demonstrating their suitability for 3D printing. Meanwhile, the HPC gels remained functional for three months, indicating long‐term stability. These advancements are significant for pharmaceutical and biotechnological industries, facilitating efficient low‐concentration chirality detection (0.2 wt.%). Continued development and refinement of this technology are expected to expand its applications and improve analytical capabilities for future chirality‐related studies and photonic gel 3D printing.
Ferroelectric Compensation Effect of the Hard Electrode for the HfO2‐ZrO2 Superlattice Films at the Low‐Annealing Temperature
Authors: Zhu Chuqian , Bai Na , Wang Yufan , Sun Huajun , Zou Lanqing , Yi Yunhui , Xu Jiyang , Ren Jiawang , Zhang Junming , Hu Sheng , Xue Kanhao , Ye Lei , Cheng Weiming , He Qiang , Miao Xiangshui
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the ferroelectric (FE) performance of [HfO2/ZrO2]6 superlattice FE capacitors using different top electrodes (TE). The unidirectional rapid thermal annealing (RTA) process from 450 to 600 °C is conducted. The device's remanent polarization (Pr) improved with TE hardness, and is maintained with harder TE at lower temperature. Furthermore, the superlattice's endurance and the recovery feature improve with harder TE. The increased orthorhombic phase (o‐phase) content and the decreased tetragonal phase (t‐phase) content indicate that the hard TE's out‐of‐plane stress at the interface suppressed the phase transition from the t‐phase to the monoclinic phase (m‐phase) and promotes the o‐phase formation. It's known that hard electrodes usually have low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), which can generate high in‐plane tensile strain optimizing the FE properties, so the lower‐CTE electrodes devices’ FE performances are expected to degrade more with temperature decreasing, which is opposite with the experimental results. Therefore, hard electrodes can generate high out‐of‐plane compressive stress to offset the reduced in‐plane tensile stress, leading to a FE compensation effect in low temperature thermal process.
They Are People Too: The Ethics of Curation and Use of Human Skeletal Remains for Teaching and Research
Authors: Robbins Schug Gwen , Halcrow Siân E. , de la Cova Carlina
Published: February 2025

This paper is an introduction and review for the special issue of AJBA on the Curation and Use of Human Skeletal Remains for Teaching and Research, which emerged from an organized session at the American Association of Biological Anthropologists in 2022. The authors of this special issue describe the ethical challenges surrounding the collection, curation, and use of human skeletal remains in biological anthropology, focusing particularly on the historical exploitation of marginalized communities, such as Indigenous and African American populations. These remains were often acquired without consent through colonial exploitation and unethical practices like grave robbing. This introduction presents a historical review of the dehumanization of these remains, which have been treated as scientific specimens rather than as individuals with complex histories. We highlight the ongoing misuse of human remains in academic settings and the perpetuation of structural violence. The papers in this special issue call for the development of ethical guidelines that emphasize transparency, respect for descendant communities, and the consideration of non‐destructive research methods. The authors advocate for rehumanizing these remains, fostering collaboration with descendant communities, and supporting efforts for repatriation. This special issue aims to encourage biological anthropologists to pause and critically reflect on the discipline's colonial and racist foundations, taking meaningful steps toward a more ethical and just treatment of human remains in teaching and research.
Oxygen Vacancy‐Enhanced Selectivity in Aerobic Oxidation of Benzene to Phenol over TiO2 Photocatalysts
Authors: Zhong Shengyang , Yu Dexi , Ma Yuhui , Lin Yuhong , Wang Xiaoyi , Yu Zhenzhen , Huang Meirong , Hou Yidong , Anpo Masakazu , Yu Jimmy C. , Zhang Jinshui , Wang Xinchen
Published: February 2025

Photocatalytic oxidation of benzene to phenol using molecular O2 is a promising alternative to the traditional cumene process. However, the selectivity toward phenol is often poor due to the ring‐opening reaction induced by the superoxide radical (·O2‐), which is predominantly produced from the single‐electron reduction of O2. Herein, we demonstrate that introducing abundant oxygen vacancies (OVs) on the surface of TiO2 facilitates the activation of O2 through a two‐electron reduction process instead of a single‐electron reduction. This effectively suppresses the generation of·O2‐, thereby reducing phenol decomposition and significantly enhancing the selectivity. In addition, these OVs can trap the electrons to promote chare separation and serve as the adsorption sites for O2 activation. As a result, the introduction of abundant OVs on the surface of TiO2 not only enhances phenol yield but also importantly improves selectivity toward phenol. This finding enriches our understanding of how OVs influence reaction pathways and product selectivity, providing valuable insights for the design and tailoring of OV‐rich photocatalysts for selective organic oxygenations.
Investigation of Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Anticancer Activities, and Molecular Modeling Studies of Berberis crataegina Fruit Extract
Authors: ERDOGAN Ümit , Önem Ebru , Muhammed Tilahun Muhammed , Soyocak Ahu , Ak Ayşe , ARIN Ulaş Evren , Erzurumlu Yalçın
Published: February 2025

This study was conducted to determine the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), anti‐quorum sensing potential, and anticancer activity of extracts obtained from Berberis crataegina fruits by the maceration method. Moreover, the mode of action for the antioxidant activity was explored by molecular modeling. For this purpose, we performed DPPH, FRAP, and CUPRAC methods to measure the antioxidant ability of the extracts. The total phenolic content (TPC) of the extracts was determined by the Folin‐Ciocalteu method. The cytotoxic activity of the crude extracts on the A549 lung cancer cell line was evaluated using the MTT assay. The TAC values of the extract were found to vary between 0.744 and 1.763 mmol TE/g‐extract for FRAP, CUPRAC, and DPPH assays. The TPC of extract was determined as 80.76 mg GAE/g. Extract induced inhibition of virulence factors elastase and pyocyanine by 85.8% and 57%, respectively. Results provided evidence that the extracts exhibited significant cytotoxicity against A549 human lung cancer cells with an IC50 value of 215.99 μg/mL (p<0.05). Additionally, computational studies revealed that the major compounds of the extract, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid, could bind to target enzymes and form stable complexes. These findings significantly promote the development and application of Berberis crataegina fruits.
Catalytic Enantioconvergent Alkylation Reactions That Construct Chiral Quaternary Carbon Centers and Tune C(sp3)‐C(sp2) Bond Rotation
Authors: Sohail Muhammad , Kobayashi Keisuke , Tomoda Hiroshi , Ohshiro Taichi , Tanaka Fujie
Published: February 2025

In molecules with central chiral centers functionalized with aryl groups, the rotation of the single bond between the aryl group and the central chiral center may be hindered. Enantioconvergent alkylation reactions of racemic diastereomers to construct all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters resulting in easing of the rotation around the axes are described. We demonstrated that the rotation of the bond between a central chiral carbon center and a dihydrobenzofuranone can be tuned by selection of either a tertiary carbon bearing a hydrogen or a quaternary carbon at the central chiral center. The products have the benefits of a central chiral center and a flexibly rotatable bond, which can facilitate interactions with other molecules.
Sustainability in Energy Companies Under the Lens of Cultural Pressures: When Do We Talk of Greenwashing?
Authors: Esposito Paolo , Doronzo Emanuele , Riso Vincenzo , Tufo Massimiliano
Published: February 2025

Listed companies allocate resources to various renewable energy and green innovation initiatives driven by economic and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) objectives. Corporations experience increased pressure from stakeholders, potentially hindering the concurrent achievement of economic and ESG goals and leading to phenomena such as greenwashing. This study examines whether these investments and practices represent an authentic transformation in corporate strategy or a mere rebranding attempt. Moreover, it investigates whether cultural dimensions can serve as predictors of greenwashing. The investigation progresses through three stages. First, a homogenous dataset of 59 companies listed in EU countries between 2011 and 2022 is identified. Second, the data envelopment analysis methodology is employed in the second stage to determine the energy companies' efficiency. An effective energy enterprise must simultaneously achieve social, environmental, and economic objectives. The study calculates a greenwashing proxy, creating a binary variable assigning a value of 1 to energy companies not impacted by greenwashing and 0 to those that are. Finally, logistic regression is utilized to investigate the correlation between the variable that denotes energy companies subjected to greenwashing and Hofstede's cultural dimensions. The study reveals that firms operating in countries with high levels of masculinity are more likely to participate in deceptive environmental practices known as “greenwashing.” This outcome has implications for academic and practical purposes, notably regarding stakeholder involvement and the re‐evaluation of strategic and decision‐making procedures impacted by the interplay of cultural values and green technology. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the sole investigation that applies this approach to examining non‐financial reporting, focusing on the interplay between cultural values, ESG, and their interaction effects.
Interview With the Philosopher and Artist Mattin: It Is Easier to Imagine the End of the World Than an Alternative to the Liberal Individual
Authors: Malaspina Cécile , Mattin
Published: February 2025

The present text is the first English translation of an interview I conducted with Mattin previously published in French in the journal of the Collège International de Philosophie, Rue Descartes.
Improving Vaccination Coverage Through Community Pharmacy Service Delivery in Nigeria: The COVID‐19 Experience and Implications for Policy Review
Authors: Oseni Yejide Olukemi , Okafor Ukamaka Gladys , Odukoya Taofik Oladipupo , Oluyedun Hamidu Adediran , Ajibade Abiodun Abdulah , Azeez Yusuff Olanrewaju , Okonu Abigail Isaac , Adetunji Oladapo Adewale , Ademisoye Adebusuyi Akande , Sanusi Fatimah Adebukola , Nzedibe Okechi Eberechukwu
Published: February 2025

ABSRACT

Background

Globally, the use of community pharmacies and pharmacists in the delivery of vaccination services has been hampered by several factors, laws, and regulations that do not support pharmacists to participate in the delivery of vaccination services. With the advent of COVID‐19 pandemic, many countries have included community pharmacists and pharmacies in vaccination services to improve coverage. This study described the delivery of vaccination services in community pharmacies using the COVID‐19 experience and how their involvement impacted vaccination coverage in Nigeria. It also exposed how this experience can be used to support policy revisions to formally recognize pharmacists in immunization delivery.

Methods

A descriptive cross‐sectional study was conducted among 474 community pharmacists in two southwestern States in Nigeria, using a semi‐structured questionnaire. It determines the number of community pharmacists who have been trained in the delivery of vaccination services, the types of vaccination services provided, and vaccines administered in their pharmacies. Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics and p‐value at ≤ 0.05.

Results

Response rate was 86.7%. Less than half of the respondents (40.1%) had undergone vaccination training. Of the 129 (31.4%) respondents that provide vaccination services, 72 (55.8%) administer vaccines in their pharmacies. Out of these 72 respondents; 45 (62.5%) were administering vaccines before their involvement in COVID‐19 vaccine administration; 57 (79.2%) of the health personnel who administer vaccines were pharmacists; 60 (83.3%) of them administer vaccines on request; 22 (30.6%) administered COVID‐19 vaccines only; and only 7 (9.7%) of the respondents had administered over 500 doses of COVID‐19 vaccines. Training in vaccination was associated with the vaccination services provided (p = 0.000). Respondents suggested government support through legal framework and policy review, training and empowering pharmacists in vaccine administration, and recognition of community pharmacists as PHC providers.

Conclusion

Training of community pharmacists in vaccination services had increased the number of respondents' involvement in the delivery of the services while the delivery of COVID‐19 vaccination by community pharmacists had increased the number of clients vaccinated, hence improved coverage in Nigeria. Also, policy review and inclusion of community pharmacists and pharmacies in the national database will improve vaccination coverage and immunization service delivery in Nigeria.
Cropping frequency and crop acreage in response to temperature change: Evidence from China
Authors: Du Jue , Chen Xiaoguang , Hou Lingling
Published: February 2025

This paper employs a 25‐year panel of Chinese counties to examine the nonlinear impacts of rising temperatures on cropping frequency and acreages. We find that growing degree days have no significant effects, while extreme heat, measured by harmful degree days, reduces cropping frequency mainly through a reduction in total planted area. Improved irrigation conditions, higher levels of mechanization, and adequate precipitation can mitigate these adverse impacts. Simulations based on uniform warming scenarios ranging from 0.5°C to 2.0°C predict that future warming will reduce cropping frequency by 0.02–0.10, driven by a decline in planted area (1.0%–6.3%).
Differential Expression of Hormone‐Related Genes in the Heads of Adult and Nymphal Woodroaches (Cryptocercus)
Authors: Hanada Takumi , Yaguchi Hajime , Fujiwara Kokuto , Hayashi Yoshinobu , Nalepa Christine A. , Maekawa Kiyoto
Published: February 2025

Termites are eusocial cockroaches, but the crucial distinctions in gene expression during the evolution of eusociality remain unclear. One reason for the lack of this information is that comparative transcriptome analysis of termites with their sister group, the cockroach genus Cryptocercus, has not been conducted. We identified genes associated with three vital hormones (juvenile hormone [JH], 20‐hydoroxyecdysone [20E], and insulin) from the genome sequence of Cryptocercus punctulatus and conducted RNA‐seq analysis using the heads of female/male adults and nymphs to elucidate their expression levels. The comprehensive gene expression analysis revealed a multitude of genes exhibiting differences in expression between developmental stages rather than between sexes. Subsequently, we compared the differences in expression patterns of each hormone‐related gene by combining the results of a previous RNA‐seq study conducted on the heads of castes (reproductives, workers, and soldiers) in the termite Reticulitermes speratus. The results indicated that genes with expression differences among castes in R. speratus, particularly those related to JH and 20E, were significantly more abundant compared to genes with expression differences between adults and nymphs in C. punctulatus. While no significant difference was observed in the number of genes within the insulin signaling pathway, a trend of homologs highly expressed in adult woodroaches but not in adult termites was observed, and the expression patterns of positive and negative regulators in the pathway differed significantly between adults and nymphs. The differences in the expression patterns between Cryptocercus and termites are believed to reflect variations in hormone levels and signaling activities between adults and juveniles, the latter encompassing workers and soldiers in the case of termites.
LEADERS GETTING DIFFERENT: IT’S TIME TO UNLEASH AGENCY FOR INDIVIDUAL, TEAM, AND ORGANIZATIONAL BETTERMENT
Authors: Miller Frederick A. , Katz Judith H.
Published: February 2025

The authors [Miller‐ CEO of The Kaleel Jamison Consulting Group, Inc.; and Katz (co‐creator with Miller of many key concepts in Organization Development)] examine and explain “individual and team agency.” Their definition: “Ensuring all people, of all roles, levels, tenure, and identities have the power, influence, and voice to make choices and decisions related to their jobs and the betterment of their organization.” In discussing the role of senior leaders within this context, they quote Christopher Del Vecchio, President and Chief Executive Officer/CEO of MVP Health Care; Rich Dewey, CEO of New York Independent Systems Operator (NYISO); Hal Yoh, CEO of Day and Zimmermann (D&Z); and Dr. Wendi Williams, Provost and Senior Vice President, Fielding Graduate University. In creating a culture of agency, the authors recount four key actions/steps for leaders; in their words: identify the need for greater agency; test organizational readiness for change; Create a FROM→TO Culture Vision; and Identify the New Narrative and Mindsets to Support the TO State. They provide seven “Senior Leader Self‐Assessment Questions.” The final question is “To what extent do you, as a leader, foster an environment of interaction safety, individually and as a leadership team, in which people feel the freedom to speak up and raise tough issues?”
Mori dream bonds and C∗${\mathbb {C}}^*$‐actions
Authors: Barban Lorenzo , Romano Eleonora A. , Solá Conde Luis E. , Urbinati Stefano
Published: February 2025

We construct a correspondence between Mori dream regions arising from small modifications of normal projective varieties and ‐actions on polarized pairs which are bordisms. Moreover, we show that the Mori dream regions constructed in this way admit a chamber decomposition on which the models are the geometric quotients of the ‐action. In addition, we construct, from a given ‐action on a polarized pair for which there exist at least two admissible geometric quotients, a ‐equivariantly birational ‐variety, whose induced action is a bordism, called the pruning of the variety.
Strichartz estimates for the Schrödinger and wave equations with a Laguerre potential on the plane
Authors: Wang Haoran
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we obtain a set of Strichartz inequalities for solutions to the Schrödinger and wave equations with a Laguerre potential on the plane. To obtain the desired inequalities, we intend to prove the dispersive estimates for the involved Schrödinger and wave propagators and then a standard argument will enable us to arrive at these inequalities. The proof of the dispersive estimate for the Schödinger propagator relies on a crucial uniform boundedness of a series involving the Bessel functions of the first kind, while the dispersive estimate for the wave equation follows from a sequence of standard steps, such as the Gaussian boundedness of the heat kernel, Bernstein‐type inequalities, and Müller–Seeger's subordination formula. We have to verify these classical results in the present setting, which is possible since the spectral properties of the involved Schrödinger operator can be explicitly calculated.
Piezoelectric and Dielectric Properties of Electrospun Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Blended with Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs)
Authors: Zahari Aminatul Sobirah , Mazwir Muhammad Hafiz , Misnon Izan Izwan , Zulkifli Farah Hanani , Jumali Mohammad Hafizuddin Hj , Jamil Nor Huwaida Janil
Published: February 2025

PVDF is a semicrystalline polymer made up of repeating units of ─CH2CF2─ monomer and has five crystalline phases, which are α, β, γ, δ, and ε‐phases. However, piezoelectricity of PVDF is dependent on the β‐phase crystalline. Thus, to increase the formation of the β‐phase, CNCs with various weights (1%–5%) are incorporated into PVDF by using the electrospinning method. The influence of CNCs on electrospun PVDF/CNCs is investigated by using analytical methods such as FESEM, FTIR, XRD, universal testing machine (UTM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and piezoelectric d33 meter. After incorporating CNCs into electrospun PVDF, two peaks of α‐phase diminished in FTIR absorption and the addition also enhanced mechanical and dielectric properties of the membrane. The piezoelectric constant, dielectric properties, and β‐phase content also increased with higher CNCs addition. PVDF with 4% CNCs has the highest β‐phase content up to 91.74% with the maximum piezoelectric constant, d33 of 45.0 pCN−1 and dielectric constant of 5.4.
Exploring the Potential of Hemp Fiber Composites for Sustainable Materials in Engineering Applications
Authors: Srivastava Pulkit , Arumugam Ananda Babu , Kumar Rajeev , Yadav Tarun , Savilov Serguei V. , Dhapola Pawan Singh , Agrawal Anant Prakash
Published: February 2025

The growth in the demand of sustainable materials being used in engineering has created a need for research into new and alternative materials. This research article is intended to explore the potential of hemp fiber composites in different promising areas, including environmentally friendly engineering applications. An in‐depth analysis of hemp fiber properties has been conducted with a focus on the mechanical thermal and their chemical characteristics which makes hemp fiber more suitable in various engineering applications. Among the mechanical and thermal properties of hemp fiber reinforced composites, careful evaluation of tensile strength, elastic modulus, impact resistance and thermal stability is most important. A detailed study of basic processing methods has been conducted highlighting the recent advances and challenges in the extraction and preparation of hemp fibers. Further in this research the hemp is analyzed in comparison to other alternative materials including natural and synthetic fibres so that the unique benefits of hemp can be highlighted for various engineering applications. The environmental sustainability of hemp fiber composites is also thoroughly studied, emphasizing their biodegradability and positive contribution to life cycle assessment.
Formation of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks‐8 (ZIF‐8) Using Microwave Assisted Hydrothermal Technique
Authors: Dhanasegaran Shantidevi , Low Yiin Jian , Chin Kieng Hang , Osman Nurul Huda , Kamarudin Mazliana Ahmad , Fen Yap Wing , Noor Ikhwan Syafiq Mohd , Ghani Mohd Hafizuddin Ab , Lee Han Kee , Praveena Sarva Mangala , Sudiro Toto , Talib Zainal Abidin , Liew Josephine Ying Chyi
Published: February 2025

Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks‐8 (ZIF‐8) have emerged as a promising class of porous Metal‐Organic Framework materials with a wide range of applications due to their tunable characteristics. This study presents the synthesis of ZIF‐8 using the microwave‐assisted hydrothermal method in an aqueous solution to investigate the efficiency and characteristics of ZIF‐8. The synthesis process involves a 15 min microwave irradiation at 180 °C with a mixture of zinc nitrate solution with 2‐methyl imidazole in deionized water with triethylamine. The rapid synthesis yields pure ZIF‐8 crystals, as validated by X‐ray diffraction, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and Fourier‐Transform Infrared spectroscopy. The formation of ZIF‐8 displays two distinct crystal shapes, with an average size of 0.510 µm, a direct band gap of 4.94 eV as well a BET surface area of 1652.06 m2 g−1. The high‐quality ZIF‐8 produced is ideal for catalysis, gas separation, and other applications, suitable for commercial‐scale production.
Investigation of Flame‐Retarded Epoxy Resin Fiberglass Composite Material‐Based Coplanar Waveguide Patch Antennas
Authors: Kumar Manish , Yadav Vishal , Kwe Ngum Breayon , Savilov Serguei V. , Singh Sandeep Kumar
Published: February 2025

This article examines coplanar waveguide (CPW)‐fed flame‐retarded FR‐4 woven fiberglass laminated antenna design methods and how to optimize electrical parameters, including impedance bandwidth, return loss, and gain. In this article, a comparative examination of different design strategies that can be employed in the CPW‐fed antenna, including adding stubs, slots, notch bands, metamaterials, frequency selective surfaces (FSS), and CPW‐fed multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) antennas, is investigated. In the proposed work, meander line effects are explored on the electrical parameters of CPW‐fed FR‐4 woven fiberglass‐laminate antennas. These design methods and their effects on antenna electrical parameters are also examined.
Evaluating a Blend of Amide‐Based Polymer and Glycol as Methane Hydrate Inhibitor
Authors: Singh Ankur , Suri Ajay , Arunprasath K. , Yahya M. Z. A. , Singh Lavish
Published: February 2025

Pipelines often function in environments characterized by high pressure and low temperatures conditions conducive to hydrate formation. The occurrence of gas hydrate plugs can lead to pipeline blockages, resulting in significant economic losses and posing safety and environmental risks due to potential pipeline failures. In response, the industry is shifting toward low‐dosage kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs) requiring minimal quantities for effective hydrate inhibition. This study focuses on the synthesis and application of a cyclic amide‐based polymer, polyvinyl caprolactam (PVCap), as a kinetic hydrate inhibition. This research also investigates the synergistic interaction between PVCap and monoethylene glycol (EG) where the hydrate inhibition performance of PVCap–EG blends is assessed. The experiments are done in a high pressure autoclave using constant cooling experimental procedure. The results demonstrate that increasing EG concentration in PVCap–EG blends lowers the equilibrium temperature (Teq), indicating effective hydrate inhibition. Moreover, the addition of EG reduces the hydrate growth rate to gas consumption rate ratio, showing its potential to mitigate hydrate formation.
Bismuth‐Based Materials for Supercapacitor Application
Authors: Tripathi Babita , Gujjar Surajbhan , Yahya M. Z. A. , Noor I. M. , Singh Ram Chandra
Published: February 2025

The demand for supercapacitors is highly increasing in the area of energy storage devices. In the last decade, researchers have explored such types of electrode materials, which contain high energy density, are electrochemically stable, are eco‐friendly, and are economically usable. Various research has been based on metal‐based nanocomposites, among which bismuth‐based nanocomposites are highly recommended due to their multiferroic redox characteristics, charge‐storage capacity, and nontoxic behavior. In this research communication, the authors discuss the importance of bismuth‐based materials in the area of energy storage devices, the types of bismuth nanocomposite for supercapacitor applications, and their future scope in the area of energy storage applications.
Etlingera elatior‐Mediated Green Synthesis Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Its Cytotoxicity
Authors: Norman Ashreen , Abdellatief Mahmoud , Ghourani Ala’ Al , Cordova Kyle E , Borikul Nidchakan , Fang Teh Huey , Abdullah Che Azurahanim Che
Published: February 2025

This work looks at the ecologically friendly synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) using Etlingera elatior (EE) and how various calcination temperatures affect their structure. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicate that the green TiO2NPs' crystallite diameters range from 140.12 to 143.46 nm. Due to the limits of conventional XRD, the green TiO2NPs are further characterised using synchrotron XRD (SXRD). SXRD analysis reveals that when calcination temperatures rise, crystallite size gradually increases, and rutile phase formation occurs. Hydrodynamic processes cause bigger particle sizes in dynamic light scattering (DLS). The absorbance spectra of green TiO2NPs are found to be between 205 and 208 nm. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy validate the chemical structures of the TiO2NPs present. The Raman analysis confirm the existence of both anatase and rutile phases, which are visible in SXRD. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) reveals that owing to high calcination temperatures, thermal degradation is minimal due to organic component loss during the calcination process. Further examination into its environmental toxicity demonstrated that green TiO2NPs are less harmful than commercialised P25 titania in a brine shrimp lethality assay. The study's findings show that green synthesis is environmentally safe. Aside from that, calcination for green TiO2NPs is unnecessary in future work as it increases particle size as shown in SXRD.