bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Another look at the CAPM in South Africa: The influence of bull and bear markets
Authors: Charteris Ailie
Published: July 2019

Several studies of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) in South Africa find that beta cannot explain returns. However, these studies do not consider the effect of bull and bear markets, yet over the period 1995-2009, excess market returns were positive in only 98 of 180 months. The influence of market conditions on the risk-return relationship is examined internationally by evaluating the conditional risk-return relationship where risk premiums are allowed to vary in bull and bear markets, and the dual-beta CAPM, which allows for the sensitivity of an asset to the market to vary under the two economic states. In this study, the ability of these two models to explain returns on South African shares is compared to the CAPM using the Fama and MacBeth (1973) and panel data approaches. The dual-beta model is found to be more successful than either the conditional relation or CAPM, as bull- and bear-market betas differ; but the estimates of the risk premiums in this model are significant only after adjusting for market segmentation. The findings thus indicate that asset-pricing models with time-varying risk should be the focus of future asset-pricing tests.
Walking time measures for evaluating OA of the knee
Authors: Marks R.
Published: July 2019

This study assessed the test-retest reliability and the sensitivity of self-paced walking time measurements for evaluating the functional performance of persons with knee osteoarthritis (OA). The 13 m timed walking tests were carried out on two separate occasions over a six-week period for 10 patients using a standardised protocol. The same measurements were recorded also for three additional patients before and after a six-week quadriceps strength training regimen. As indicated by an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.83 with no significant intersession test differences for the group (P=0.98), the gait measurements were reliable. However, despite marked increase in knee extensor strength and significant subjective improvements in walking time for the three experimental subjects were smaller than the error of measurement. The findings suggest that regardless of reliability, measurements of self-paced level walking time might not be sufficiently sensitive for evaluating longitudinal changes in functional performance in this patient population.
The optimal physiotherapeutic approach to penetrating stab wounds of the chest.
Authors: Senekal M. , Eales C.
Published: July 2019

Penetrating injuries to the chest are among the most common injuries seen in the casualty department at Hillbrow Hospital, Johannesburg.Opinions regarding the surgical handling of patients with penetrating chest trauma continue to differ. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there would be a difference in outcome in patients who receive chest physiotherapy immediately after insertion of the intercostal drain versus those patients who receive chest physiotherapy nine to twelve hours later.In an effort to optimise the physiotherapy management of patients with penetrating stab wounds to the chest, a comparative study was conducted at Hillbrow Hospital, Johannesburg. Twenty-six male patients between the ages of eighteen to thirty years were randomly allocated to one of two groups on admission to the Hospital.The patients in Group I received chest physiotherapy immediately after insertion of the intercostal drain while patients in Group II received chest physiotherapy nine to twelve hours later. Mean duration of time of intercostal drainage in Group I was 40 hours and in Group II 65,92 hours. Patients in Group I had a mean hospital stay of 43,96 hours, while patients in Group II had a mean hospital stay of 77,53 hours. The prevalence of patients with spiking temperatures was also significantly lower in Group I than in Group II. This study suggests that the protocol of an aggressive approach of immediate chest physiotherapy in these patients has definite beneficial results.
The integration of XML databases and content management systems in digital editions
Authors: Birnbaum David J. , Cayless Hugh , Morlock Emmanuelle , Olsson Leif-Jöran , Wicentowski Joseph
Published: July 2019

We have identified four models for integrating digital edition content into eXist-db [eXist-db], which are, in increasing order of dependence on eXist-db itself: 1) using Apache [Apache] and PHP [PHP] to mediate between the user and eXist-db, so that eXist-db provides only XML database services, 2) a pure XQuery framework for building an eXist-db web application [Web applications], 3) the eXist-db HTML templating framework [HTML templating], and 4) TEI Publisher [TEI Publisher]. Our examination and comparison of these ways of conceptualizing and implementing the infrastructure for a digital edition reveals that each of them has advantages and disadvantages, primarily from the perspective of sustainability. These considerations apply to edition frameworks generally, and are therefore not specific to eXist-db, which has been used here as an example because of the number of editions that employ it and the variety of models it currently supports.
Application of Brzozowski Derivatives to JSON Schema Validation
Authors: Holstege Mary
Published: July 2019

Brzozowski derivatives are a technique for computing whether a string of symbols is in the language defined by an extended regular expression. They have been applied to content model validation in XML Schema, following the observation that a content model is an extended regular expression over symbols in the vocabulary described by the schema. This paper explores using an extension of Brzozowski derivatives to the problem of model validation for JSON Schema. It turns out that this application requires extending to "type-tagged" regular expressions, which provide an interesting way of understanding certain matching problems outside of the problem of JSON Schema validation.
Loose-leaf publishing using Antenna House and CSS
Authors: Kimber Eliot
Published: July 2019

Loose-leaf publishing is the ability to typeset and print only the pages in a document that have changed since its last publication. This presents many interesting challenges. We developed a loose-leaf publication system using Antenna House Formatter, CSS for pagination, and XSLT for post processing the area tree into “change packages” which include only the changed pages. Both the CSS markup and the publication workflow warrant a closer look.
Eating Your Own Dog Food
Authors: Nordström Ari
Published: July 2019

XML and markup technologies are a wonderful thing, but only lately has the author had the confidence to really and truly eat his own dog food, trusting entirely on the technologies familiar to him. He's learned to ignore the calls for real programmers while discovering how to copy and paste from Stack Overflow and the like in moderation. XForms, XQuery, XSLT, XSL-FO, and a proper XML database might just be all you need, at least if you know how to Google and ask for help.

This, then, is nominally about building a conference registration application ensuring that we get paid for every delegate, but really all about the fact that we can now rule the world without bothering with the programmers.
Accessibility: Not Just a Good Idea
Authors: Perera Chandi
Published: July 2019

Around 15% of the global population has a permanent disability, including approximately 285 million people with a visual impairment and an estimated 700 million people with dyslexia, the most common form of learning disability. The World Blind Union estimates less than 10% of published works are made into accessible formats in developed countries which drops to less than 1% in developing countries. As markup professionals and content models experts, there is a lot we can do to make a positive impact towards making more content accessible. This session will look at accessibility; our social, ethical, and legal responsibilities around content accessibility; and what we can do to make content more accessible.
The Open Security Controls Assessment Language (OSCAL): schema and Metaschema
Authors: Piez Wendell
Published: July 2019

The Information Technology Lab at NIST is developing prototype formats for machine-readable documentation related to systems security. The Open Security Controls Assessment Language (OSCAL) defines lightweight schemas, along with related infrastructure, for tagging system security information to support routine tasks like crosschecking, validating against arbitrary constraints, and producing punchlists. OSCAL is not conceived as “another big XML application” but as a metaschema. This approach allows us to simplify the design and maintenance of schemas and related tooling; support generation of documentation; produce multiple parallel schemas for XML, JSON, and YAML; and construct conversion tools more easily. Documents and tools leverage basic HTML, or even Markdown, for simplicity even though it limits the expressiveness of what can be directly imported. Conversion is simplified by the metaschema approach, even when multiple schemas apply to a single set of information. We hope that these simplifications will lead to more useful documents.
Extending Vocabularies: The Rack and the Weeds
Authors: Quin Liam
Published: July 2019

In its simplest form a vocabulary is simply a set of words and phrases with predefined meanings. In this paper the term is used to mean a controlled vocabulary and, in particular, a controlled vocabulary in the context of computer markup languages such as XML or JSON or SGML.

Vocabularies are created in specific contexts and for specific purposes. Like all human constructs they are flawed and need to be repaired and changed over time; as people use vocabularies they also gain understanding of the limitations in them and often want to extend them. Understanding these processes involves an understanding of the human needs involved: the social contexts in which people interact with and around the vocabularies. This paper characterizes some of these contexts and their properties, and in the light of this characterization describes changes to vocabularies, both successful and unsuccessful.
Encoding
Authors: Renear Allen H.
Published: July 2019

In their model of digital objects, David Dubin and others postulate three entity types (propositions, symbols, and documents) with three relationships: “expresses”, “encodes”, and “inscribes”. We can “express” an assertion with a sentence. We can also “inscribe” symbols in physical media. I’d like to investigate the cascade of “encodings” that we find in every digital computing system, and the articulation of those encodings that is bound up in everything we do. Encoding can be recursive, but do we really understand it? What is happening when we encode a sentence as a character string? A character as an integer? An integer as an octet? Is encoding a well-understood linguistic or mathematical relationship? Is encoding just a mapping (function)? Is it the same as the relationship between a name and its referent? Is it the same as the relationship between a sentence and the proposition it expresses? I don’t think so. So let’s explore some possibilities.
You’re not the POS of me: part-of-speech tagging as a markup problem
Authors: Tovey Bethan Siân
Published: July 2019

Part of speech tagging, labeling every token in a text with its grammatical category, is a complicated business. Natural language is messy, especially when that language consists of social-media conversations between bilinguals. The process can be done with or without human intervention, in a supervised or unsupervised manner, on a statistical basis or by the application of rules. Often, it involves a combination of these methods. It is, on the one hand, an obvious markup problem: mark up the tokens with appropriate grammatical categories. But it is also much richer than that. Theoretical problems that have been identified in the domain of markup can throw light on the problem of grammatical category disambiguation. Topics considered include subjectivity and objectivity, the semantics of tag sets, licensing of inference, proleptic and metaleptic markup, and the interesting characteristics of the Welsh “verbnoun”.
Cultural heritage preservation using new media methods: Yingxian Wooden Pagoda, China
Authors: Lai Daniel Shenghan , Leung Anthony K.H. , Chan Dennis , Ching Steve H.
Published: July 2019

Architectural landmarks that represent a culture’s identity are also sanctuaries for cultural heritage preservation. The tallest and oldest wooden multi-story structure in the world, the Yingxian Wooden Pagoda of China is tilting at an ongoing rate that requires an urgency to find solutions to revert the damage. To preserve the evolving humanistic and artistic understandings of ancient Chinese architecture, and to cultivate the scientific reasoning behind ancient Chinese carpentry, new media allows digital and computational methods to replace human users who once manually analyzed data and information from cultural sites and artifacts. This article will exemplify new media tools such as animation via 3D/2D modeling, 3D scanning and virtual reality photography to examine material evidence of the Yingxian Wooden Pagoda of China, and the role new media can assist in its fight to sustain its originality since 1056.

Highlights:

Examination, documentation, research and education of architectural heritage sites using new media methods.

Integration of old archives and digital/computational software to represent the outstanding value of the oldest and tallest wooden skyscraper in the world.

Use of 2D/3D modelling and virtual reality photography developing information to increase awareness on cultural heritage sites suffering wood deterioration.

 
Análise dos teores de arsênio na área de confluência dos rios Piranhas e Seridó - RN
Authors: Cavalcanti Neto Mario Tavares De Oliveira , Araújo Bruna Marcela Soares de , Dias Filho Luiz Fernando
Published: July 2019

Esta pesquisa teve como foco principal a análise de Arsênio em sedimentos de corrente, solos e rochas em uma área na confluência dos rios Piranhas e Seridó, no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. A metodologia de coleta e preparação das amostras para análise seguiu critérios internacionais de Qualidade (QA/QC) e foi realizada em conjunto com a empresa canadense Eldorado Gold Corporation, através de suas subsidiárias brasileiras. O Arsênio está presente em concentrações acima dos valores de referência, numa área que se situa a montante da barragem de Oiticica, em construção, que terá uma capacidade prevista de mais de 550 milhões de metros cúbicos de armazenamento de água. O uso desta água será para o abastecimento que atenderá a uma parcela significativa da população do semiárido potiguar, onde vivem mais de cem mil pessoas considerando apenas os municípios diretamente afetados.
Análise da modernização agrícola cearense no período de 1996 e 2006
Authors: Araújo Madeira Soraia , Saeed Khan Ahmad , Pinheiro de Sousa Eliane , Alves Barros Fabiano Luiz
Published: July 2019

O objetivo geral desse trabalho é descrever o grau de modernização da agricultura entre os 184 municípios do estado do Ceará no período de 1996 e 2006. No que se refere à fonte dos dados sobre indicadores de modernização para os municípios cearenses, foram coletados a partir do Censo Agropecuário do estado do Ceará, nos anos 1996 e 2006, publicado pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Portanto, conclui-se que, no ano de 1996, o que predomina no estado do Ceará é uma agricultura rudimentar de baixo nível tecnológico para a maioria dos municípios em destaque. Conclui-se no ano de 2006 que a grande parte dos municípios estudados possui uma propensão à modernização muito aquém do desejado.
Agricultura familiar: efeitos do PRONAF na região Oeste do Paraná
Authors: Stamm Cristiano , Avelar Fagner Mendonça
Published: July 2019

A presente pesquisa objetivou analisar a dinâmica e os efeitos do Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF) na região Oeste do Paraná. Atualmente, as políticas direcionadas ao setor agropecuário têm dois enfoques: de um lado o fortalecimento da competitividade da agricultura empresarial, voltada para o setor externo, e de outro o fortalecimento da agricultura familiar de forma a contribuir para a geração de emprego e renda nas áreas rurais e urbanas. Para avaliar os efeitos do PRONAF utilizou-se do Modelo de dados em painel tendo em vista sua superioridade em relação à Seção-Cruzada e Séries Temporais puras. Verificou-se que o PRONAF é uma política setorial capaz de gerar efeitos positivos tanto no crescimento do produto quanto na geração de renda, emprego e receita tributária da região. Através de uma melhor orientação dos agentes envolvidos, políticas como o PRONAF, podem auxiliar no desenvolvimento de regiões com características semelhantes a estudada.
Ascensão e declínio da exportação ervateira da província do Rio Grande do Sul na segunda metade dos oitocentos
Authors: Rosa Lilian Da , Osório Silva Ligia Maria
Published: July 2019

Este trabalho analisa os determinantes para o aumento e a diminuição da exportação ervateira da província do Rio Grande do Sul na segunda metade dos oitocentos. Para isso, foram consultados os Relatórios dos Presidentes de Província, os Códigos de Posturas das Câmaras Municipais, as leis provinciais e os dados de exportação de erva-mate. A análise destes documentos indica que, no início de 1850, fatores endógenos e exógenos contribuíram para o mencionado aumento. Por fim, o artigo também aponta os principais motivos que levaram à crise nas duas últimas décadas dos Oitocentos.
Comparing the impact of environmental conditions and microphysics on the forecast uncertainty of deep convective clouds and hail
Authors: Wellmann Constanze , Barrett Andrew I. , Johnson Jill S. , Kunz Michael , Vogel Bernhard , Carslaw Ken S. , Hoose Corinna
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Severe hailstorms have the potential to damage buildings and crops. However, important processes for the prediction of hailstorms are insufficiently represented in operational weather forecast models. Therefore, our goal is to identify model input parameters describing environmental conditions and cloud microphysics, such as vertical wind shear and strength of ice multiplication, which lead to large uncertainties in the prediction of deep convective clouds and precipitation. We conduct a comprehensive sensitivity analysis simulating deep convective clouds in an idealized setup of a cloud-resolving model. We use statistical emulation and variance-based sensitivity analysis to enable a Monte Carlo sampling of the model outputs across the multi-dimensional parameter space. The results show that the model dynamical and microphysical properties are sensitive to both the environmental and microphysical uncertainties in the model. The microphysical parameters, especially the fall velocity of hail, lead to larger uncertainties in the output of integrated hydrometeor masses and precipitation variables. In contrast, variations in the environmental conditions mainly affect the vertical profiles of the diabatic heating rates.
A robust data cleaning procedure for eddy covariance flux measurements
Authors: Vitale Domenico , Fratini Gerardo , Bilancia Massimo , Nicolini Giacomo , Sabbatini Simone , Papale Dario
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Integration of long-term eddy covariance (EC) flux datasets over regional and global scales requires high degree of comparability of flux data measured at different stations, which entails not only similar-performing instrumentation and their appropriate deployment, but also standardized and reproducible data processing and quality control (QC) procedures. This work focuses on the latter topic and, in particular, on the development of a robust data cleaning procedure. The proposed strategy includes a set of tests aimed at detecting the presence of specific sources of systematic error in the data, as well as an outlier detection procedure aimed at identifying aberrant flux values. Results from tests and outlier detection are integrated in such a way as to leave a large degree of flexibility in the choice of tests and of test threshold values without losing in efficacy and, at the same time, to avoid the use of subjective criteria in the decision rule that specifies whether to retain or reject flux data of dubious quality. Tests development was rooted on advanced time series analysis techniques that consider the stochastic properties of both raw, high-frequency EC data and of flux time series, such as complex dynamics, high persistence and possible presence of stochastic trends. The performance of each proposed test is evaluated by means of Monte Carlo simulations on synthetic datasets, whereas their impact on observed times series was evaluated on a selection of EC datasets distributed by the ICOS research infrastructure. Simulation results evidenced that the proposed tests have a better performance compared to alternative existing QC routines, showing lower false positive and false negative error rates. The application of the proposed tests on real datasets led to an effective cleaning of EC flux data retaining the maximum number of good quality data. Although there is still room for improvement, in particular with the development of new QC tests, we think that the proposed data cleaning procedure can serve as a basis towards a unified QC strategy for EC datasets which i) includes only completely data-driven routines and is therefore suitable for automatic and centralized data processing pipelines, ii) guarantees results reproducibility and iii) is flexible and scalable to accommodate new and additional tests that makes the approach also suitable for other greenhouse gases.
Development and testing of a portable "noise-meter" for areal magnetic noise survey
Authors: Kudin Dmitry , Uchaikin Evgeniy , Gvozdarev Alexey , Kudryavtsev Nikolay , Krasnoperov Roman
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Installation of modern highly sensitive magnetometric equipment at geophysical observatories requires location of places with a low level of magnetic noise. It is also required to perform regular control of noise environment at observatory instrument installation points. This work is aimed at testing one of the prototypes of magnetic noise measuring instruments, capable of performing fast areal measurements. The key features of this prototype are high sensitivity and linearity and capability of registration of magnetic noise in different frequency bands. This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 17-77-20034).
Absence of history of oral cleft in first-degree relatives of patients with prostate cancer
Authors: De Alvarenga Diniz Fonseca Cláudia , Reis Barbosa Martelli Daniella , Freitas Almeida Ianná Luana , Hassen Sales Galeno , Soares de Andrade Rodrigo , Oliveira Dias Verônica , Monteiro de Barros Letízia , Martelli Júnior Hercílio
Published: July 2019

Objective: To evaluate the occurrence of nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) in families of patients with prostate cancer (PC).Study design: We conducted a case-control study involving a total of 748 individuals, 280 of which had PC, and 468 were free-cancer healthy individuals. The patients answered a questionnaire with basic demographic information and family history of NSCL/P in first-degree relatives. The information collected was stored in a database and analyzed by using the statistical program SPSS® 24.0 for Windows (Chicago, IL, USA). In order to determine the association with NSCL/P, chi-square and Fisher’s exact test and odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for risk magnitude assessment. Values with p<0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: Of total patients with PC, 2 had a positive history of NSCL/P. In the control group, 7 patients reported family history of NSCL/P (1df chi-square, p=0.34; Fisher´s exact test, p=0.49). The average age of the cases diagnosed with PC was 71.35±7.70 years, and control group was 64.42±9.67 years.Conclusion: Despite the limited population, the frequency of NSCL/P was not significantly increased in the first-degree relatives of patients with PC. Studies with larger samples and molecular analyses are needed to better understand the possible relationships in the etiology of cancer and NSCL/P.
A pesquisa associada ao trabalho profissional do assistente social brasileiro na área da Saúde
Authors: Moraes Carlos Antonio de Souza
Published: July 2019

A pesquisa associada ao trabalho do assistente social possibilita ampliar a problematização teórica e política da realidade social e de suas projeções e incidências no trabalho profissional. Dialeticamente, contribui para construção de intervenções sociais estratégicas na direção da defesa de direitos e para indicar novos caminhos à pesquisa científica na (re) construção de teorias. Diante disso, este artigo propõe analisar o lugar da pesquisa associada ao trabalho do assistente social brasileiro na área da Saúde na entrada do século XXI. Metodologicamente articulou-se ao método qualitativo pautado no marxismo, à pesquisa exploratória. Para tanto, recorreu-se à pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo. Esta última, através de um roteiro de entrevista estruturada, direcionado a assistentes sociais, supervisores de estágio na área da Saúde e cadastrados em uma Instituição federal de ensino superior no Estado do Rio de Janeiro/Brasil. Os resultados indicam que se, por um lado, a pesquisa se faz presente no trabalho profissional na área da Saúde, por outro, sua presença eventual e/ou fragilizada é marcada pela dificuldade na construção do elo crítico por dentro do espaço de trabalho e com a realidade coletiva, o que causa implicações políticas nas intervenções profissionais que, de modo geral, se restringem à manutenção do poder institucional por meio de articulação entre responsabilização dos sujeitos e acesso (restrito) às políticas sociais.
El valor de los principios: la ética del trabajo social desde el contextualismo pragmatista
Authors: Mougan Rivero Carlos
Published: July 2019

La relevancia de los principios en los códigos profesionales, y en concreto en Trabajo Social ha sido puesta en cuestión por diversas teorías éticas. El contextualismo pragmático comparte con ellas el rechazo del principialismo porque minusvalora la importancia del agente y su inteligencia en la resolución de los problemas morales; pero al mismo tiempo pone las bases para una reconstrucción del papel de los principios en Trabajo Social al interpretar la ética del Trabajo Social como social y democrática.
Venezuela en su poesía… siete caminos para fijar un rostro en la memoria
Authors: Illas Wilfredo
Published: July 2019

El artículo es un viaje en la memoria para exaltar el aporte de los poetas venezolanos fundacionales y contemporáneos para evitar el olvido y el desconocimiento de las raíces que explican a Venezuela como nación.

Palabras claves: poesía; poetas venezolanos; literatura; Venezuela.
Ureteral stent versus no ureteral stent for ureteroscopy in the management of renal and ureteral calculi: A Cochrane review
Authors: Ordonez Maria , Hwang Eu Chang , Borofsky Michael , Bakker Caitlin J. , Gandhi Shreyas , Dahm Philipp
Published: July 2019

Introduction: We aimed to assess the effects of postoperative ureteral stent placement after uncomplicated ureteroscopy.

Methods: We performed a comprehensive search with no restrictions on publication language or status up to February 1, 2019. We only included randomized trials. Two review authors independently examined full-text reports, identified relevant studies, assessed the eligibility of studies for inclusion, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. We performed statistical analyses using a random-effects model and assessed the certainty of the evidence according to GRADE.

Results: We included 23 studies with 2656 randomized patients. Primary outcomes: It is uncertain whether stenting reduces the number of unplanned return visits (very low CoE). Pain on the day of surgery is probably similar (mean difference [MD] 0.32; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.13‒0.78; moderate CoE). Pain on postoperative days 1‒3 may show little to no difference (SMD 0.25; 95% CI -0.32‒0.82; low CoE). It is uncertain whether stented patients experience more pain on postoperative days 4‒30 (very low CoE). Stenting may result in little to no difference in the need for secondary interventions (relative risk [RR] 1.15; 95% CI 0.39‒3.33; low CoE). Secondary outcomes: We are uncertain whether stenting reduces the need for narcotics and reduces ureteral stricture rates up to 90 days (very low CoE). Rates of hospital admission may be slightly reduced (RR 0.70; 95% CI 0.32‒1.55; low CoE). This review was limited to patients in whom ureteroscopy was deemed ‘uncomplicated.’ In addition, time intervals for the grouping for the reported degree of pain were established post hoc. The CoE for most outcomes was rated as low or very low for methodological reasons.

Conclusions: Findings of this review illustrate the tradeoffs of risks and benefits faced by urologists and their patients when it comes to decision-making about stent placement after uncomplicated ureteroscopy for stone disease.
Practical Nozzle Temperature Control Method for Robot FDM Printing System
Authors: Liu Yijian , Chen Ming , Chen Jihong
Published: July 2019

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology in 3D printing has beendeveloped for many years. In this paper, a robot FDM 3D printingsystem is proposed and the nozzle temperature control issue isfocused primarily. The temperature measurement adopts a data driven modeling method andthe parameters of the measurement model are trained by the particle swarm optimization algorithm. A practical temperature control method is presented in which thetemperature control of nozzle is divided into two periods. Duringthe temperature flying period, the heating voltage is givenaccording to the current temperature value and its varying trend. In thefalling time of nozzle temperature, the corresponding controlvoltage value is provided correspondingly. Based on this practical control strategy, a partdesigned with Solidworks software is printed using the robot FDM printing system which validates theeffectiveness of the practical temperature control method.
Benefits and Process Improvements for ERP Implementation: Results from an Exploratory Case Study
Authors: Menon Sreekumar
Published: July 2019

This exploratory qualitative single case study discusses the benefits and process improvements pertinent to enterprise resource and planning (ERP) projects. The study was conducted in a Canadian case organization in the oil and gas industry that includes twenty participants from four project role groups of senior leaders, project managers, project team members, and business users. The results of the study revealed twenty-two key benefits and four process improvements from which organizations can draw value while planning for ERP projects. The top six benefits include: standardization of common business processes, single integrated system, standardized reporting, improved key performance indicators (KPI), all countries in one system, and easy access to data. Knowing and maximizing these key benefits may prove beneficial for organizations, while planning for major investments in ERP systems.
Morphological Characteristics of Safflower Seedlings Under Compaction Levels in a Clayey Latosol
Authors: Chang Pablo , Secco Deonir , Marins Aracéli Ciotti de , Tokura Luciene Kazue , Rosseto Ricielly Eloyze , Roehrs Simone Andreia , Borgmann Claudia , Madalena Lilian Cristina de Souza , Cruz Nayara F. F. da S. , Santos Reginaldo Ferreira , Villa Bruna de , Gongora Vitória Regina Morello , Gongora Benhurt , Siqueira Jair Antonio Cruz , Zang Fernanda Nicole
Published: July 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of soil compaction levels on initial development of safflower genotypes (Carthamus tinctorius). The experimental design was 2 × 2 × 6, composed of two sowing seasons (May and June 2017), two genotypes (IMA-2103 and IMA-4409) and six levels of soil density (1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, and 1.5 g cm-3), with three replicates. After 30 days of planting, percentage of emergence, emergence speed index, mean time of emergence and mean speed of emergence were analyzed. Among the morphological characteristics, plant height, stem diameter, root length, shoot and root fresh mass, shoot dry mass and number of healthy and wilted leaves were evaluated. The compaction states did not significantly interfere in the emergence of the safflower seedlings that were sown in the uncompacted surface layer. As soil compaction increased, root length, shoot fresh mass, shoot dry mass and root fresh mass were reduced in both genotypes. Soil density considered critical to safflower root growth was 1.3 g cm-3. The IMA-4409 genotype, in relation to IMA-2103, was more tolerant to soil compaction levels.
Litter Production and Accumulation as an Indicator of Degradation in Caatinga
Authors: Silva Ane Cristine Fortes da , Borges César Henrique Alves , Nóbrega Camila Costa da , Souto Patrícia Carneiro , Souto Jacob Silva , Santana José Augusto da Silva
Published: July 2019

The ecosystem processes in the caatinga, such as litter dynamic, are threatened and little is known about it in these environments. The litter processes can be used as indicators of degradation or recovery of an ecosystem because these processes react to changes in the ecosystems. The litterfall deposition was collected monthly over 23 months in collectors of 1.0 m2. The litter accumulation on soil was collected monthly over 23 months in frames of 0.25 m2. The coefficient of decomposition (K) was estimated by the relation between annual litter production and litter stock in the soil surface. Annual litterfall production increased with stand age. Total annual litter production in different age stands varies from 1.37 Mg ha-1 in the 15 years to 2.37 Mg ha-1 in the 50 years stand. K and renewal times were also significantly different among the sites. K was higher in 50 years, followed by 30 years and 15 years. There were a higher litter production and accumulation in the older stands. The older stands presented faster litter decomposition and renew, which evidences a better utilization of litter in the nutrient cycling process and the incorporation of organic matter into the soil. These results show that litter processes are effective indicators of the stage of degradation in a caatinga ecosystem.
Effect of Soil Coverage on Dual Crop Coefficient of Maize in a Region of Mato Grosso, Brazil
Authors: Andrea Maria Carolina da Silva , Vieira Francielle Freitas , Dallacort Rivanildo , Barbieri João Danilo , Freitas Paulo Sérgio Lourenço de , Tieppo Rafael Cesar , Zolin Cornelio Alberto , Krause Willian , Daniel Diego Fernando
Published: July 2019

With the objective of determining maize’s specific water requirements in different soil cover conditions in a Cerrado region of Mato Grosso, Brazil, this study used the dual’s crop coefficient (Kc dual) approach, according to FAO methods. An experiment was carried out in 2016, with three treatments: without vegetation soil cover; soil cover of 4 t ha-1 and soil cover of 8 t ha-1 dry matter of brachiaria grass. The used methodology accounts for crop’s transpiration component (through its basal coefficient, Kcb) and soil evaporation component (through its coefficient, Ke), which were determined for initial, intermediate and final phases of crop development. Experiments were carried in lysimeters to determine crop’s evapotranspiration, and in microlysimeters to determine soil evaporation. Crop’s transpiration, on three soil coverage treatments, showed overall highest values for the treatment with greater coverage (Kcb maximum values of 0.88, 1.00 and 1.03 from the lowest to greater soil coverage), while between crop’s phases, coefficient values were always higher at the intermediate stage, presenting decreases with crop senescence. Soil evaporation was highest on treatment without coverage in all crop’s stages (Ke = 0.37-0.78) and lowest in the treatment with greater coverage (Ke = 0.11-0.35). Yields were higher on treatments with coverage (9929.18 and 9939.52 kg ha-1 for treatments with 4 and 8 t ha-1) and lower when cultivated in soil without cover (8264.67 kg ha-1). Despite relatively higher crop’s transpiration with greater soil coverage, this treatment was identified as the best management option in the assessed tropical region of Brazilian Cerrado, in terms of rational use of water, due to lowest losses through evaporation, as also providing the highest grain yields.
Hydraulic Traits Performances of Three Pine Species in Tunisia
Authors: Cherif Sameh , Ezzine Olfa , Khouja Mohamed Larbi , Nasr Zouhaier
Published: July 2019

Mediterranean forests including Tunisian pine species are threatened by the rising of temperature and decreasing of precipitation. The impact of the increase of aridity differs across species depending on their stomatal and hydraulic responses. In this paper, three pine species: P. halepensis, P. brutia and P. canariensis growing in three different climatic zones: humid, sub-humid and semi-arid, were studied to detect their different responses to drought and guide their selection for reforestation program. Measurements carried out are hydraulic conductivity at point P50, specific conductivity (Ks), midday stem water potential and hydraulic safety margins. Results showed that during summer, vulnerability to embolism, estimated by water potential inducing 50% loss of xylem hydraulic conductivity (P50), is strongly associated with the capacity for drought resistance. Pinus halepensis (P50 = -4.19 MPa) was found to be more resistant to drought than P. brutia and P. canariensis in the semi-arid climate, whereas P. brutia tolerated the humid climate (P50 = -3.7 MPa) and P. canariensis seems more adapted to the sub-humid climate (P50 = -4.08 MPa). Hydraulic safety margins confirmed the conservative behavior of pine species to avoid drought and for maintaining relatively high water potential in dry conditions. These findings help to assess the impact of mid-summer water deficit on pine species in the context of climate change and to select among these species the most resistant for future reforestation programs.
Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilizers Increase Cherry Tomato Height and Yield
Authors: Ddamulira G. , Idd R. , Namazzi S. , Kalali F. , Mundingotto J. , Maphosa M.
Published: July 2019

Less or no fertilizer use compromises growth and yield of cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. Cerasiforme) in Uganda. A study was conducted to determine the effect of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertilizer rates on cherry tomato growth and yield. The experiment was conducted in a field during 2016B and 2017A seasons at Namulonge. The treatments included; (100, 60, 100) and (200, 60, 200) kg ha-1 of N, P, K and the control with no fertilizer application, these were laid out in a split plot design with three replications. Results revealed that tomato plants significantly (P < 0.05) responded to nitrogen and potassium fertilizer application by increasing their height and yield. The highest tomato height and yield were obtained from plots applied with 100, 60, 100 kg ha-1 of N, P and K. This rate was considered as the optimal application rate because plants applied with fertilizer above this rate were observed to have low height and yield. On the other hand, plants applied with nitrogen and potassium fertilizers below 100, 60, 100 kg ha-1, flowered and matured earlier than those in the control plots. The study showed that N and K fertilizer influenced plant height, flowering, maturity period and yield of cherry tomato. Based on these findings, use of 100, 60, 100 kg ha-1 of N, P and K is recommended for improving cherry tomato production in central Uganda, where the study was conducted, and any fertilizer rate above 100, 60, 100 kg ha-1 in the same area may be un-economical to use in cherry tomato growing.
Development of Ready-to-Eat Color Rice Product Enriched With Natural Amino Acids
Authors: Satmalee Prajongwate , Surojanametakul Vipa , Lowithun Ngamjit , Mungkung Rattanawan , Dangsiri Sarocha
Published: July 2019

A meat-free diet and the aging society cause some of the health problems. One of that was the deficiency of some essential amino acid in the diets. Riceberry has recently been developed in Thailand. This new variety of colored rice has a dark purple seed coat containing anthocyanin which acts as an antioxidant. Similar to normal rice, riceberry lacks lysine which plays an important role in maintaining body systems through hormone release and muscle mass maintenance. To enrich ready-to-eat rice products, red bean was added as a natural amino acid source. This formulated product had higher protein and ash content, while energy, fat and carbohydrate content were not different from the control. The essential amino acid profile of the product was complete and product shelf life was 6 months with an unchanged texture. Anthocyanin and antioxidant capacity of the product decreased with storage time. This product suited a wide range of consumers and was convenient for modern lifestyles that demand healthy, ready-to-eat foodstuffs.
South American and African Grass Species Cope Differently With Soil Water Availability
Authors: Musso Carolina , Pinto Glória , Miranda Heloisa Sinatora , Oliveira Rhaul , Correia Carlos , Moutinho-Pereira José , Soares Amadeu M. V. M. , Loureiro Susana
Published: July 2019

African grasses pose a serious threat to the integrity and conservation of the Cerrado biome (Brazilian savanna). This study evaluated the responses of an invasive (Melinis minutiflora) and a native (Schizachyrium microstachyum) grass species to water availability, simulating natural situations. Individuals of the two species were submitted to different soil moisture levels, simulating from drought to flood, for four weeks in a climate-control chamber. Several morphological and physiological parameters were assessed: shoot height, biomass, number of leaves, tillers, leaf area, leaf gas exchange and chlorophylla fluorescence parameters, photosynthetic pigments and MDA concentration and GST, G-POX, APX and CAT activities. Significant differences were observed between species and among soil moisture levels, being drought more detrimental to both. Although both species were able to cope with water stress conditions and performed best at 80% soil moisture, the invasive species grew more rapidly, showed higher net photosynthetic rates in all circumstances and showed less evidence of stress. Variations in soil moisture levels promoted a stronger response in the native species, reducing biomass accumulation and triggering a stronger biochemical response than in the invasive species.
Aphyllophoroid funga (Basidiomycota) of Finland: range extensions and records of nationally new and rare species
Authors: Kunttu Panu , Helo Teppo , Kulju Matti , Julkunen Jari , Pennanen Jorma , Shiryaev Anton G. , Lehtonen Hannu , Kotiranta Heikki
Published: July 2019

Knowledge of the Finnish aphyllophoroid funga has increased substantially in recent years. In this article, we present two species new to Finland: Spiculogloea subminuta Hauerslev and Typhula suecica I. Olariaga, G. Corriol, I. Salcedo & K. Hansen, and document Sistotrema luteoviride Kotir. & K.-H. Larss. for the third time globally. We also contribute 50 new records of 33 nationally rare species (with a maximum of ten previous records in Finland) and list 52 regionally new species, found for the first time in a certain subzone of the boreal vegetation zone in Finland. Each record is enclosed and contains notes on the substrate. Furthermore, the ecology of the nationally new species and the distribution of rare species are discussed.
Niekonwencjonalne metody ucieczki od opodatkowania podatkiem od towarów i usług oraz wyłudzania zwrotów tego podatku (lata 2007-2018)
Authors: Modzelewski Witold
Published: July 2019

Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu są mniej znane metody uzyskiwania zwrotów (zarówno należnych, jak i nienależnych). Metody te są równie „efektywne” w zmniejszaniu dochodów budżetowych co odwrotne obciążenie i opisane od lat w piśmiennictwie „karuzele podatkowe”. Również organy skarbowe koncentrują swoją uwagę właściwie wyłącznie na owych „karuzelach”, a większość pozostałych metod uzyskiwania zwrotów tego podatku jest w zasadzie poza przedmiotem ich zainteresowania.
Obciążenia podatkowe a podstawowe potrzeby życiowe podatników – uwagi na temat opodatkowania konsumpcji w świetle harmonizacji prawa podatkowego
Authors: Tchórzewski Mateusz
Published: July 2019

Praca poświęcona jest wybranym aspektom wpływu harmonizacji podatkowej na możliwości zaspokajania przez ludność danej jurysdykcji zasadniczych potrzeb życiowych w kontekście podatków bezpośrednich i podatków pośrednich. W szczególności omówiono możliwy wpływ skutków częściowej harmonizacji podatku dochodowego od osób prawnych na poziom opodatkowania podatkami pośrednimi w Polsce.
Granice swobody legislacyjnej ustawodawcy krajowego w procesie harmonizacji VAT na przykładzie tzw. ulgi na złe długi
Authors: Suchojad Konrad
Published: July 2019

Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza granic swobody legislacyjnej państw członkowskich UE na przykładzie przepisów o tzw. uldze na złe długi. W pierwszej kolejności autor dokona przedstawienia i analizy wytycznych dotyczących zakresu swobody, który dyrektywa VAT pozostawia prawodawcom krajowym w stosunku do implementacji w ich krajowych systemach VAT tzw. ulgi na złe długi. W dalszej części przedstawione zostanie orzecznictwo TSUE w zakresie wykładni przepisów modelowych, a także i dorobek polskich sądów administracyjnych w zakresie przepisów krajowych o tzw. uldze na złe długi. W toku opracowania przeanalizowane zostaną również rozbieżności w omawianym orzecznictwie, obrazujące m.in. różne podejścia do kwestii potencjalnego przekroczenia granic swobody legislacyjnej polskiego prawodawcy w procesie implementacji dyrektywy VAT.
THE IMPACT OF VEGETARIAN DIETS AND BODY MASS INDEX ON HYPERTENSION
Authors: Mariha Tri , Wiarsih Wiwin
Published: July 2019

A vegetarian diet is believed to prevent hypertension. This study aims to identify the impact of vegetarian diets, including fat, salt, potassium, and body mass index (BMI), on hypertension. Data was taken by systematic random sampling method from 173 vegetarians and analyzed using chi-square. The result showed that there is no significant association between the intake of fat, sodium, and potassium with hypertension in vegetarians (p> 0.05). However, there is a significant relationship between BMI with the incidence of hypertension (p= 0.025), where overweight res-pondents are 3.837 more likely to have hypertension (OR 3.837; 95% CI= 1,256–11,721). It implies that vegetarians tend to have a safe intake of fat, salt, and potassium, and therefore, this condition prevents hypertension. Thus, health promotion about the selection of sources of fat, regulation of salt, potassium intake, and weight management will be beneficial for vegetarians in preventing hypertension. Keywords: BMI, diet, hypertension, vegetarian Abstrak Dampak Diet Vegetarian dan Indeks Massa Tubuh terhadap Hipertensi. Diet vegetarian diyakini dapat mencegah hipertensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak diet vegetarian, meliputi asupan lemak, garam, kalium, dan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) terhadap hipertensi. Data diperoleh melalui metode systematic random sampling pada 173 vegetarian dan dianalisis menggunakan chi-square. Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara asupan lemak, garam, dan kalium pada vegetarian dengan hipertensi (p> 0.05). Namun, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara IMT dengan kejadian hipertensi (p= 0.025), dimana responden dengan berat badan berlebih 3.837 kali berpeluang lebih besar untuk mengalami hipertensi (OR 3.37; 95% CI= 1.256–11.721). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa vegetarian cenderung memiliki asupan lemak, garam, dan kalium yang aman sehingga kondisi ini dapat mencegah hipertensi. Dengan demikian, promosi kesehatan mengenai pemilihan sumber lemak, pengaturan asupan garam:kalium, dan manajemen berat badan akan sangat bermanfaat bagi vegetarian untuk mencegah hipertensi.  Kata kunci: diet, hipertensi, IMT, vegetarian