bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Para uma Antropologia dos agenciamentos e visibilidades: objetos, discursos e alteridade no Museu Rondon de Etnologia e Arqueologia da UFMT
Authors: Souza Ryanddre
Published: June 2017

O artigo apresenta algumas das análises preliminares da etnografia produzida acerca da formação do acervo no Museu Rondon de Etnologia e Arqueologia da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, de forma a repensar os museus e suas coleções. Para tal, faz-se uma reflexão antropológica analisando o processo de aglutinação dos bens culturais preservados neste espaço com vistas a compreender as formas pelas quais estes objetos foram musealizados e quais perspectivas orientaram estas práticas. Entendem-se aqui os arquivos e coleções de museus como campos etnográficos legítimos, levando em consideração seus contextos sociais e simbólicos, já que tais inventários são constituídos, alimentados e mantidos por pessoas, grupos sociais e instituições, resultados de procedimentos de construir e ordenar conhecimentos. Assim, compreender as relações entre agentes e objetos que atuaram neste espaço museológico e quais as ações que produziram a visibilidade ou invisibilidade acerca da diferença ou dos povos indígenas nele representados.
Legados coloniais e a produção de ambivalências: dos encontros, desencontros e conciliações em dois museus nacionais da Tanzânia, África
Authors: Rabelo Aline C.
Published: June 2017

Os dois museus nacionais mais antigos da Tanzânia nasceram de projetos do empreendimento colonial britânico. Para alémde terem sido apropriados pelos objetivos de construção do estado nacional, estes museus e suas coleções etnográficascontinuaram atraindo substancialmente o interesse de turistas ocidentais. As comunidades locais (ou nacionais), entretanto,pareciam não se identificar com estes espaços que procuravam reificar a consolidação de identidades e de uma unidadenacional. O trabalho etnográfico nesses museus e a investigação de suas trajetórias e contextos históricos permitiram umaanálise de processos políticos relacionados à construção de identidades e identificações. O artigo em questão procuraevidenciar as ambivalências de propósitos que advêm dos encontros provocados nesses museus, algo que aponta nãoapenas para uma coexistência de (re)significações, mas, sobretudo, para compreensões que aparecem como possíveispara repensar os sentidos do espaço museológico em contextos africanos.
Os intérpretes do Brasil: pensamento sociopolítico lastreado no fluxo de ideias, narrativas e realidades na busca de uma identidade nacional brasileira
Authors: Martins José Ricardo
Published: June 2017

Este artigo procura compreender o Brasil a partir do fluxo histórico de pensamento de seus intérpretes e investiga se há uma questão central que permeia as diversas narrativas, sejam elas de cunho político, sociológico ou outros. Apuramos que a busca por uma identidade brasileira e a vontade de nos entendermos como povo está presente na escrita dos diversos “intérpretes do Brasil” aqui examinados, como Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, Victor Nunes Leal, Raymundo Faoro, Florestan Fernandes, Jessé Souza, entre outros. Da mesma forma, verificou-se que a constituição da identidade brasileira incorpora conceitos como a subalternidade, a subcidadania, o mando e a submissão, relações de dependência, desigualdade, passividade, fatalismo, familismo, cordialidade, entre outras qualificações que foram forjadas por meio da colonialidade, do patrimonialismo, da dominação estamental, coronelismo, autoritarismo e autocracia, democracia restrita, capitalismo dependente, violência física e simbólica, exclusão, relações servis e de privilégios, tão presentes na realidade brasileira.
O campo político paranaense no contexto do Golpe de 1964 e suas lutas políticas, de Natália Cristina Granato
Authors: Goulart Junior Jaderson
Published: June 2017

O campo político paranaense no contexto do Golpe de 1964 e suas lutas políticas, de Natália Cristina Granato
Construção social da memória em torno a João Baptista Groff e a ilusão biográfica, de Juan Cruz Galigniana
Authors: Santos Scheyla Tizatto dos
Published: June 2017

Construção social da memória em torno a João Baptista Groff e a ilusão biográfica, de Juan Cruz Galigniana
BENETTI, Rosalice Carriel. Vladimir Kozák: sentimentos e ressentimentos de um “lobo solitário”. Curitiba: SAMP, 2016, 272 páginas.
Authors: Ferrari Adriane dos Santos Tavella
Published: June 2017

BENETTI, Rosalice Carriel. Vladimir Kozák: sentimentos e ressentimentos de um “lobo solitário”. Curitiba: SAMP, 2016, 272 páginas.
ARRUDA, Larissa Rodrigues Vacari de. Disputas oligárquicas: as práticas políticas das elites mato-grossenses (1892-1906). São Carlos: EdUFSCar, 2015. 206 páginas.
Authors: Alves Alessandro Cavassin
Published: June 2017

ARRUDA, Larissa Rodrigues Vacari de. Disputas oligárquicas: as práticas políticas das elites mato-grossenses (1892-1906). São Carlos: EdUFSCar, 2015. 206 páginas.
Nutritional quality of massai grass fertilized with phosphorus and nitrogen and its influence on intake and weight gain of sheep under rotational grazing on quartzipsamment soil
Authors: Silva Thais Valéria Souza , Sousa Luciano Fernandes , Santos Antônio Clementino dos , Ferreira Ana Cristina Holanda , Cardoso Rebeca Rocha , Sousa Jhone Tallison Lira de , Jardim Wanderson Campos , Ricardo Anderson Da Silva , Almeida Josimar Santos de , Carvalho Junior Bezerra de
Published: June 2017

The effects of phosphate and nitrogen fertilization on aspects of forage composition and ruminal fermentation were separately evaluated pre- and post-grazing, in addition to the dry matter intake and weight gain of sheep grazing Panicum maximum cv. Massai under a rotational system on Quartzipsamment soil. The aim was to evaluate the effect of fertilization with different levels of phosphorous (50 and 200 kg P2O5/ha) and nitrogen (100 and 400 kg N/ha) compared to unfertilized control soil. The experiment was conducted at the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science at Universidade Federal do Tocantins – UFT, in a randomized complete block design with four replicates in a factorial 2 × 2 design. The study area consisted of 32 paddocks (301 m²), each of which had previously been sown with Panicum maximum cv. Massai. The experimental area was managed under intermittent stocking with a variable stocking rate. Twenty-eight crossbreed sheep were used for grazing management. Evaluations were made before and after grazing, including forage evaluation and measurement of ruminal degradability and intake (using titanium dioxide as the external marker). Regarding the forage composition, a significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed between the control and fertilizer treatments for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber, crude protein, lignin and phosphorous content. Fertilization was found to alter the nutritional quality of Panicum maximum cv. Massai grass. Among the nutritional aspects evaluated, fertilization influenced NDF, grass digestibility and dry matter intake. The forage composition of Massai grass is improved by fertilization with nitrogen at 100 kg N/ha and phosphate up to 50 kg P2O5/ha, which represents a relevant management practice for increasing quantity and quality.
Pearl millet grain for beef cattle in crop-livestock integration system: intake and digestibility
Authors: Alonso Marcell Patachi , Moraes Eduardo Henrique Bevitori Kling de , Pereira Dalton Henrique , Pina Douglas Dos Santos , Mombach Mircéia Angele , Hoffmann Alvair , Gimenez Breno De Moura , Sanson Renan Marcelo Medeiros
Published: June 2017

The present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional parameters (intake and digestibility) of beef cattle in two genetic groups fed protein-energy supplements formulated by different levels of replacement of maize with pearl millet grain during the dry season. Sixty-four uncastrated young bulls, with an average age of 20 months and an initial body weight of 388 ± 26 kg, were included in the study. The experimental area consisted of four paddocks approximately 4.7 ha in size, composed of Brachiaria brizantha ‘Marandu’ within a crop-livestock integration system. The study was based on a completely randomized factorial design (2×4). Two genetic groups (Crossbred and Nellore) and the effects of replacement of maize with pearl millet grain at 0%, 33%, 66%, and 100% in the supplement formulations were assessed. No significant effects were observed in the genetic groups and with the replacement of maize with pearl millet grain, as well as in the pasture total dry matter (DM) and nutrients intake, or the coefficients of total digestibility of nutrients. The dietary concentration of digested organic matter was not influenced by the replacement levels of pearl millet grain, with values of 514.88, 515.76, 516.01, and 515.98 g kg-1 of DM recorded for the 0%, 33%, 66%, and 100% replacement levels, respectively. Therefore, pearl millet grain can be utilized as a partial or total substitute for maize grain as the energetic ingredient in concentrated supplements for Nellore and crossbred beef cattle in pastures managed in crop-livestock integration systems.
An Improved Method of Computing Heating Information for Triangle Heating for an Automated Thermal Forming System
Authors: Park Jungseo , Kim Daekyung , Shin Jonggye , Ko Kwanghee
Published: June 2017

In this paper, a novel method of computing heating information for triangle heating is proposed for improving the accuracy of forming in an automated thermal forming system. The current method of computing heating information through triangle heating cannot be readily used for an automated thermal forming system because of a limited range of plates that the method can handle, and undesirable deformation on the boundary such as "over-bending" and buckling when the plate is heated using the computed heating information. Therefore, a lot of man-hours are required for correcting such defects, leading to delayed fabrication in the downstream fabrication processes. In order to overcome these problems, a method is developed using formulae for handling an extended range of plates, and considering the effect of the initial curvature of a plate in the computation of heating information. Various examples used in the ship construction show that the proposed method can improve the forming accuracy of the automated thermal forming system.

1. Introduction

The bow and stern of a ship directly influences the ship's operational efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to design and fabricate such parts with good accuracy. This means that because a ship hull is obtained by assembling a collection of small parts, maintaining accuracy in forming each curved part and accurate assemblage of them are important.

In order to create a curved plate, a thermal forming method is usually used. In this method, the plate is heated using a gas torch that generates local expansion and shrinkage on the plate, inducing deformation on the heated area. It is a standard process in fabricating curved plates in most shipyards around the world.

The thermal forming method, however, generates intense heat and noise, making the working environment unfavorable. Moreover, it is considered as a bottleneck in the whole fabrication process because it is performed manually. Hence, the demand for automating this process has been raised constantly. Recently, Park et al. (2016) presented a full-fledged automated thermal forming system. The system consists of modules for measurement, heating information computation, and heating, and yields designed curved plates with good accuracy in most cases.
Editorial Board Thoughts: Developing Relentless Collaborations and Powerful Partnerships
Authors: Dehmlow Mark
Published: June 2017

Editorial Board Thoughts: Developing Relentless Collaborations and Powerful Partnerships
Picture Perfect: Using Photographic Previews to Enhance Realia Collections for Library Patrons and Staff
Authors: Rubel Dejah Thoris
Published: June 2017

Like many academic libraries, the Ferris Library for Information, Technology, and Education (FLITE) acquires a range of materials, including learning objects, to best suit our students’ needs. Some of these objects, such as the educational manipulatives and anatomical models, are common to academic libraries but others, such as the tabletop games, are not. After our liaison to the School of Education, Kristy Motz, discovered some accessibility issues with Innovative Interfaces' Media Manager module, we decided to examine all three of our realia collections to determine what our goals in providing catalog records and visual representations would be. Once we concluded that we needed photographic previews to both enhance discovery and speed circulation service, choosing processing methods for each collection became much easier. This article will discuss how we created enhanced records for all three realia collections including custom metadata, links to additional materials, and photographic previews.
Up Against the Clock: Migrating to LibGuides v2 on a Tight Timeline
Authors: Buljung Brianna B. , Johnson Catherine R.
Published: June 2017

During Fall semester 2015, Librarians at the United States Naval Academy were faced with the challenge of migrating to LibGuides version 2 and integrating LibAnswers with LibChat into their service offerings.  Initially, the entire migration process was anticipated to take almost a full academic year; giving guide owners considerable time to update and prepare their guides.  However, with the acquisition of the LibAnswers module, library staff shortened the migration timeline considerably to ensure both products went live on the version 2 platform at the same time. The expedited implementation timeline forced the ad hoc implementation teams to prioritize completion of the tasks that were necessary for the system to remain functional after the upgrade.  This paper provides an overview of the process the staff at the Nimitz Library followed for a successful implementation on a short timeline and highlights transferable lessons learned during the process.  Consistent communication of expectations with stakeholders and prioritization of tasks were essential to the successful completion of the project.
ESCRTs function directly on the lysosome membrane to downregulate ubiquitinated lysosomal membrane proteins
Authors: Zhu Lu , Jorgensen Jeff R , Li Ming , Chuang Ya-Shan , Emr Scott D
Published: June 2017

The lysosome plays an important role in maintaining cellular nutrient homeostasis. Regulation of nutrient storage can occur by the ubiquitination of certain transporters that are then sorted into the lysosome lumen for degradation. To better understand the underlying mechanism of this process, we performed genetic screens to identify components of the sorting machinery required for vacuole membrane protein degradation. These screens uncovered genes that encode a ubiquitin ligase complex, components of the PtdIns 3-kinase complex, and the ESCRT machinery. We developed a novel ubiquitination system, Rapamycin-Induced Degradation (RapiDeg), to test the sorting defects caused by these mutants. These tests revealed that ubiquitinated vacuole membrane proteins recruit ESCRTs to the vacuole surface, where they mediate cargo sorting and direct cargo delivery into the vacuole lumen. Our findings demonstrate that the ESCRTs can function at both the late endosome and the vacuole membrane to mediate cargo sorting and intra-luminal vesicle formation.
Non-Canonical G-quadruplexes cause the hCEB1 minisatellite instability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Piazza Aurèle , Cui Xiaojie , Adrian Michael , Samazan Frédéric , Heddi Brahim , Phan Anh-Tuan , Nicolas Alain G
Published: June 2017

G-quadruplexes (G4) are polymorphic four-stranded structures formed by certain G-rich nucleic acids in vitro, but the sequence and structural features dictating their formation and function in vivo remains uncertain. Here we report a structure-function analysis of the complex hCEB1 G4-forming sequence. We isolated four G4 conformations in vitro, all of which bear unusual structural features: Form 1 bears a V-shaped loop and a snapback guanine; Form 2 contains a terminal G-triad; Form 3 bears a zero-nucleotide loop; and Form 4 is a zero-nucleotide loop monomer or an interlocked dimer. In vivo, Form 1 and Form 2 differently account for 2/3rd of the genomic instability of hCEB1 in two G4-stabilizing conditions. Form 3 and an unidentified form contribute to the remaining instability, while Form 4 has no detectable effect. This work underscores the structural polymorphisms originated from a single highly G-rich sequence and demonstrates the existence of non-canonical G4s in cells, thus broadening the definition of G4-forming sequences.
Detection of Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies in multitransfused patients in Colombia
Authors: Beltrán Mauricio , Herrera Andrea , Flórez Astrid Carolina , Berrio Maritza , Bermúdez María Isabel
Published: June 2017

Introducción. La enfermedad de Chagas es un problema de salud pública en Latinoamérica y, aunque la transmisión vectorial es la más importante, deben evaluarse otras formas de transmisión, como la de las transfusiones.Objetivo. Describir la prevalencia de infección con Trypanosoma cruzi en pacientes sometidos a múltiples transfusiones o multitransfundidos.Materiales y métodos. Se detectaron anticuerpos IgG contra T. cruzi mediante dos inmunoensayos en muestras tomadas de pacientes sometidos a múltiples transfusiones en cuatro hospitales de Bogotá y Medellín, Colombia. Se analizó la asociación de factores de riesgo conocidos y se calcularon las razones de momios (odds ratio, OR) con un intervalo de confianza de 95 % (IC) utilizando el programa Stata 11™.Resultados. Se evaluaron 479 muestras. La prevalencia de anticuerpos contra T. cruzi fue de 1,88 % (nueve pacientes): cinco pacientes remitidos de oncohematología, dos de hemodiálisis, uno tenía talasemia y uno había sufrido pérdida súbita y abundante de sangre. No se halló ningún paciente con hemofilia que resultara positivo, ni relación de los factores de riesgo de infección asociados con la transfusión de componentes sanguíneos, como el número de transfusiones, la cantidad de unidades de sangre y el tipo de componente, con la presencia de anticuerpos anti-T. cruzi. Solo se encontró relación entre la infección con el virus de la hepatitis C y la presencia de anticuerpos anti-T. cruzi (OR=5,68; IC95% 1,36-23,63).Conclusión. La frecuencia de infección por T. cruzi hallada en este grupo de pacientes sugiere que el riesgo de infección por transfusiones en Colombia es bajo. No se encontró relación entre los factores de riesgo asociados con la transfusión y la presencia de anticuerpos anti-T. cruzi.
Disseminated toxoplasmosis in a heart transplant patient despite co-trimoxazole prophylaxis: A case report
Authors: Dávila Victoria , Roncancio-Villamil Gustavo , Correa Luis Alfonso , Restrepo Catalina , Madrid Camilo Alberto , González Javier Mauricio
Published: June 2017

Se reporta el caso de un paciente de sexo masculino, de 61 años de edad, quien ocho meses después de someterse a un trasplante de corazón presentó una enfermedad sistémica con compromiso del sistema nervioso central y del sistema inmunológico, así como de pulmón, riñón, colon y piel, y a quien finalmente se le diagnosticó toxoplasmosis diseminada, a pesar de haber recibido profilaxis con trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol, debido a que el órgano provenía de un donante positivo para toxoplasmosis siendo él un receptor negativo. Se discuten las opciones de profilaxis en nuestro medio.
Molecular characterization of non-vaccine Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 11A, 15 B/C and 23A recovered from invasive isolates in Colombia
Authors: Palacios Paola Andrea , Duarte Carolina , Sanabria Olga , Moreno Jaime
Published: June 2017

Introducción. En Colombia se recolectaron 192 aislamientos invasivos de Streptococcus pneumoniae de los serotipos 11A, 15B/C y 23A (no incluidos en las vacunas conjugadas) entre 1994 y 2014, como parte de las actividades del Sistema de Redes de Vigilancia de los Agentes Responsables de Neumonías y Meningitis Bacterianas (SIREVA II).Objetivo. Determinar las características moleculares de aislamientos invasivos de los serotipos 11A, 15B/C y 23A de S. pneumoniae recolectados en Colombia entre 1994 y 2014. Materiales y métodos. La caracterización molecular de los aislamientos se hizo mediante electroforesis en gel de campo pulsado (Pulse-Field Gel Electrophoresis, PFGE) y por tipificación de secuencias multilocus (Multilocus Sequence Typing, MLST).Resultados. El serotipo 11A mostró un grupo clonal representado por el ST62, en tanto que el serotipo 15B/C se distribuyó en tres grupos asociados con los clones Netherlands15B-37 ST199 (28,75 %), ST8495 (18,75 %) y SLV (variante en un solo locus) de ST193 (21,25 %). Los aislamientos con serotipo 23A se agruparon en tres grupos clonales; 70,21 % de ellos estaban estrechamente relacionados con el ST42, 17,02 % con el Colombia23F-ST338, y 6,38 % con el Netherlands15B-37 ST199.Conclusión. Los clones Colombia23F-ST338 y Netherlands15B-ST199 encontrados en este estudio abarcaron más serotipos de los reportados previamente por otros autores, incluido el serotipo 23A. Estos análisis revelan la importancia de la conmutación (switching) capsular en la expansión de clones exitosos entre los serotipos no vacunales como causa de enfermedad invasiva neumocócica.
Antimicrobial susceptibility profile in urinary pathogens causing community-acquired infections in diabetic patients in Colombia
Authors: Nocua-Báez Laura Cristina , Cortés Jorge Alberto , Leal Aura Lucía , Arias Gerson Fitzgerald , Ovalle-Guerro María Victoria , Saavedra-Rojas Sandra Yamile , Buitrago Giancarlo , Escobar-Pérez Javier Antonio , Castro-Cardozo Betsy
Published: June 2017

Introducción. La infección de las vías urinarias es la más frecuente en pacientes diabéticos, y es un factor determinante de la morbilidad y la mortalidad en este grupo de pacientes. El aumento de la resistencia de los microorganismos adquiridos en la comunidad a los antibióticos comúnmente utilizados para combatirla es alarmante.Objetivo. Determinar el perfil de sensibilidad a los antibióticos de los microorganismos responsables de infecciones urinarias adquiridas en la comunidad en pacientes diabéticos atendidos en algunos hospitales de Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo de un subgrupo de pacientes diabéticos en el marco de una investigación en adultos con infección de origen comunitario de las vías urinarias. Durante un año, se recolectaron aislamientos de Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. y Proteus mirabilis en nueve hospitales de Colombia y se determinó su perfil de sensibilidad mediante métodos microbiológicos y moleculares, para establecer la presencia de betalactamasas de espectro extendido del tipo AmpC y de carbapenemasas del tipo KPC.Resultados. Se recolectaron 68 aislamientos (58 de E. coli, nueve de Klebsiella spp. y uno de P. mirabilis). Cuatro (6,9 %) de los aislamientos de E. coli expresaron dichas betalactamasas, en dos (3,4 %) de ellos, pertenecientes al grupo filogenético B2 y al clon ST131, se detectaron las betalactamasas TEM-1 y CTM-X-15. En otros cuatro (6,9 %) aislamientos de E. coli se encontró el fenotipo AmpC, y en tres de ellos se produjeron las betalactamasas TEM-1 y CMY-2. Un aislamiento de K. pneumoniae expresó la carbapenemasa KPC-3.Conclusión. Se confirmó la presencia de cepas productoras de betalactamasas de espectro extendido y carbapenemasas en microorganismos responsables de infección urinaria adquirida en la comunidad en pacientes diabéticos.
Educating health workers is key in congenital syphilis elimination in Colombia
Authors: Garcés Juan Pablo , Rubiano Luisa Consuelo , Orobio Yenifer , Castaño Martha , Benavides Elizabeth , Cruz Adriana
Published: June 2017

Introducción. Para la prevención de la transmisión materno-infantil de la sífilis en Colombia, se promueve el diagnóstico y el tratamiento en una sola consulta mediante el uso de pruebas de diagnóstico rápido, así como programas de eliminación conjunta de la transmisión materno-infantil de la sífilis y el HIV.Objetivo. Detectar los vacíos de capacitación del personal de salud en torno a la prevención de la transmisión materno-infantil de la sífilis y el HIV, y hacer recomendaciones para mejorar los programas.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo mediante 306 encuestas hechas al personal de salud de 39 instituciones de Cali. Se indagó sobre la planeación, la gestión y la ejecución de los servicios ofrecidos a las mujeres gestantes, los conocimientos clínicos sobre la sífilis, el HIV y las pruebas rápidas, así como sobre las capacitaciones recibidas.Resultados. Se encontraron deficiencias en el conocimiento del manejo de la sífilis gestacional entre el personal de salud, incluidos los médicos. Las pruebas de diagnóstico rápido para sífilis se utilizan en los laboratorios de la ciudad, pero se detectaron fallas en su uso adecuado, especialmente en el control de calidad. La capacitación en temas de prevención de la transmisión materno-infantil de la sífilis y el HIV había sido escasa en los dos años anteriores. El personal de salud expresó su interés por diagnosticar y tratar la sífilis gestacional en una sola consulta, usar las pruebas de diagnóstico rápido y asistir a actividades de capacitación.Conclusiones. Se requiere la capacitación intensiva del personal de salud, de quienes toman las decisiones y de los grupos académicos, para lograr una adecuada implementación de las nuevas estrategias de prevención de la transmisión materno-infantil de la sífilis y el HIV.
BMI prediction within a Korean population
Authors: Lee Jin Sol , Cheong Hyun Sub , Shin Hyoung-Doo
Published: June 2017

Background

Body Mass Index (BMI) is widely regarded as an important clinical trait for obesity and other diseases such as Type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and osteoarthritis.

Methods

This study uses 6,011 samples of genotype data from ethnic Korean subjects. The data was retrieved from the Korea Association Resource. To identify the BMI-related markers within the Korean population, we collected genome-wide association study (GWAS) markers using a GWAS catalog and also obtained other markers from nearby regions. Of the total 6,011 samples, 5,410 subjects were used as part of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) selection set in order to identify the overlapping BMI-associated SNPs within a 10-fold cross validation.

Results

We selected nine SNPs (rs12566985 (FPGT-TNNI3K), rs6545809 (ADCY3), rs2943634 (located near LOC646736), rs734597 (located near TFAP2B), rs11030104 (BDNF), rs7988412 (GTF3A), rs2241423 (MAP2K5), rs7202116 (FTO), and rs6567160 (located near LOC105372152) to assist in BMI prediction. The calculated weighted genetic risk scores based on the selected 9 SNPs within the SNP selection set were applied to the final validation set consisting of 601 samples. Our results showed upward trends in the BMI values (P < 0.0001) within the 10-fold cross validation process for R2 > 0.22. These trends were also observed within the validation set for all subjects, as well as within the validation sets divided by gender (P < 0.0001, R2 > 0.46).

Discussion

The set of nine SNPs identified in this study may be useful for prospective predictions of BMI.
­Glial and stem cell expression of murine Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 in the embryonic and perinatal nervous system
Authors: Collette Jantzen C. , Choubey Lisha , Smith Karen Müller
Published: June 2017

Background

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) are involved in the development and function of multiple organs and organ systems, including the central nervous system (CNS). FGF signaling via FGFR1, one of the three FGFRs expressed in the CNS, stimulates proliferation of stem cells during prenatal and postnatal neurogenesis and participates in regulating cell-type ratios in many developing regions of the brain. Anomalies in FGFR1 signaling have been implicated in certain neuropsychiatric disorders.Fgfr1expression has been shown, viain situhybridization, to vary spatially and temporally throughout embryonic and postnatal development of the brain. However,in situhybridization lacks sufficient resolution to identify which cell-types directly participate in FGF signaling. Furthermore, because antibodies raised against FGFR1 commonly cross-react with other members of the FGFR family, immunocytochemistry is not alone sufficient to accurately documentFgfr1expression. Here, we elucidate the identity ofFgfr1expressing cells in both the embryonic and perinatal mouse brain.

Methods

To do this, we utilized atgFGFR1-EGFPGP338GsatBAC line (tgFgfr1-EGFP+) obtained from the GENSAT project. ThetgFgfr1-EGFP+line expresses EGFP under the control of a Fgfr1 promoter, thereby causing cells endogenously expressingFgfr1to also present a positive GFP signal. Through simple immunostaining using GFP antibodies and cell-type specific antibodies, we were able to accurately determine the cell-type ofFgfr1expressing cells.

Results

This technique revealedFgfr1expression in proliferative zones containing BLBP+ radial glial stem cells, such as the cortical and hippocampal ventricular zones, and cerebellar anlage of E14.5 mice, in addition to DCX+ neuroblasts. Furthermore, our data revealFgfr1expression in proliferative zones containing BLBP+ cells of the anterior midline, hippocampus, cortex, hypothalamus, and cerebellum of P0.5 mice, in addition to the early-formed GFAP+ astrocytes of the anterior midline.

Discussion

Understanding when during development and whereFgfr1is expressed is critical to improving our understanding of its function during neurodevelopment as well as in the mature CNS. This information may one day provide an avenue of discovery towards understanding the involvement of aberrant FGF signaling in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Childhood and adult socioeconomic position interact to predict health in mid life in a cohort of British women
Authors: Nettle Daniel , Bateson Melissa
Published: June 2017

Background

Low childhood socioeconomic position (cSEP) is associated with poorer adult health, even after adult socioeconomic position (aSEP) is adjusted for. However, whether cSEP and aSEP combine additively or non-additively in predicting adult health is less well studied. Some evidence suggests that the combination of low cSEP and low aSEP is associated with worse health than would be predicted from the sum of their individual effects.

Methods

Using data from female members of the British National Child Development Study cohort, we developed continuous quantitative measures of aSEP and cSEP, and used these to predict self-rated health at ages 23, 33, and 42.

Results

Lower aSEP predicted poorer heath at all ages. Lower cSEP predicted poorer health at all ages, even after adjustment for aSEP, but the direct effects of cSEP were substantially weaker than those of aSEP. At age 23, the effects of cSEP and aSEP were additive. At ages 33 and 42, cSEP and aSEP interacted, such that the effects of low aSEP on health were more negative if cSEP had also been low.

Conclusions

As women age, aSEP and cSEP may affect their health interactively. High cSEP, by providing a good start in life, may be partially protective against later negative impacts of low aSEP. We relate this to the extended ‘silver spoon’ principle recently documented in a non-human species.
Large and primarily updip afterslip following the 2012 Mw 7.6 Nicoya, Costa Rica, earthquake
Authors: Hobbs T. E. , Kyriakopoulos C. , Newman A. V. , Protti M. , Yao D.
Published: June 2017

We present detailed surface measurements of the first 3.5 years of postseismic deformation following the 5 September 2012 moment magnitude (Mw) 7.6 Nicoya, Costa Rica, earthquake. The dominant signal in the first 2.5 years is uniform horizontal trenchward motion totaling 7–26 cm across 40 stations. Trenchward velocity is strongly diminished by mid‐2014 and appears by 2016 to have begun reversing. We invert the first 2.5 years to determine the corresponding afterslip on a detailed 3‐D interface. Results show significant afterslip both updip and downdip of the main coseismic rupture zone, with as much as 1.7 m of offset in two patches at 15–20 km depth and immediately updip of the maximum coseismic slip. This updip slip represents an important mechanism to address unrelieved interseismic locking, although sufficient strain energy remains to generate up to a Mw 7.1 event near the coastline. The afterslip patches are anticorrelated with strongly clustered aftershocks at the same depth, which is indicative of varying frictional behavior along strike. An additional patch of slip is colocated with reoccurring slow‐slip events beneath the Gulf of Nicoya. The magnitude of the observed slip, however, cannot be sufficiently explained by the known slow‐slip events. Ongoing measurements will be crucial to understanding the relocking process in Nicoya.
Magnetic properties of serpentinized peridotites from the Dongbo ophiolite, SW Tibet: Implications for suture‐zone magnetic anomalies
Authors: Li Zhiyong , Zheng Jianping , Moskowitz B. M. , Liu Qingsheng , Xiong Qing , Yang Jingsui , Hu Xiangyun
Published: June 2017

Magnetic properties of a suite of variably serpentinized peridotites from the Dongbo ophiolite, SW Tibet (China), have been investigated to determine the magnetic signatures of suture zones. The degree of serpentinization (S) for these peridotites is mainly in the range of S < 60%. Petrography, mineral chemistry, and thermomagnetic analyses reveal that magnetite occurring in the interior of various serpentine veins is the predominant magnetic phase. Magnetic hysteresis and first‐order reversal curve diagrams suggest that the magnetite is mixture of interacting single‐domain, and pseudo‐single‐domain and/or multidomain particles. Superparamagnetic magnetite occurs in the S = 40–60% serpentinized but weakly magnetic dunites. Overall, the magnetite content and magnetic susceptibility increase consistently from ~0 to 20% of serpentinization and then decrease from S = 30 to 60%. Peak magnetite abundance is at S~25% (density, ~3.1 ± 0.05 g cm–3) and may suggest localized enrichment of fluids. The low magnetite abundance in dunite results from low‐temperature serpentinization. Finally, strong intensities of magnetization (1–10 Am–1) reside in the S > 60% and S = 20–30% serpentinized peridotites, indicating that peridotites with such degrees of serpentinization contribute to the aeromagnetic anomalies within the Yarlung‐Zangbo suture zone in south Tibet.
Commercialization
Authors: Kukreja Sunil
Published: June 2017

The process of commercialization is integral to capitalism. Experts regard economic exchange, in all its manifestations, as a key and enduring engine of capitalism and the process of globalization. The phenomenal expansion in the volume and intensity of economic exchange in the capitalist world economy has arguably been closely linked to and depended on a critical process of the commercialization of social relations.
Crimes against humanity
Authors: Vergès Françoise
Published: June 2017

To judges in charge of clarifying the laws and procedures by which Nazi leaders would be judged and the post‐World War II Nuremberg trials would be conducted, a new notion was necessary because “war crimes” and “crimes against peace” did not cover the scope, extent and characteristics of Nazi crimes. “The wrongs which we seek to condemn and punish have been so calculated, so malignant, and so devastating, that civilization cannot tolerate their being ignored, because it cannot survive their being repeated,” argued US Justice Jackson. Nazism had attacked the very fiber of civilization, but how could justice define what a crime against “civilization” meant? The notion of “crimes against humanity” which judges and jurists from France, the Soviet Union, United Kingdom and United States discussed raised many questions: what defines “humanity,” what kind of crimes can be judged under that name, in the name of which community the tribunal is legitimated? In its final agreement, on August 8, 1945, the
London Charter of the International Military Tribunal
defined “crimes against humanity” as:
Indigenous people, resistance
Authors: Hall Thomas D. , Fenelon James V.
Published: June 2017

“Indigenous Peoples” refers to groups who have lived in an area since it was first populated, or at least for a very long time, and who generally do not have state‐level forms of organization, for example Native Nations in the Americas. This brief definition is sometimes controversial. The most cited and most detailed definition was written in 1986 by José Martinez Cobo for the United Nations. Even that definition has been contested. There are about 5000 different indigenous groups, so general statements are difficult to support. Furthermore, any definition carries political ramifications about which peoples are indigenous. Even so, there are 350 million or so indigenous peoples in the world, about the population of the United States in 2010. This definition suffices for our purposes, but it is only a gloss on a complicated subject.
McDonaldization
Authors: Ram Uri
Published: June 2017

The sociological concept of McDonaldization denotes, in the most direct sense, the diffusion of the mode of operation of the McDonald's restaurants chain to other service and retail organizations. More broadly, however, it denotes that this practice is becoming a pattern of social operation and a major social phenomenon, far beyond the specificity of its original setting and, on the broadest scope, the concept denotes the paradigmatic essence of the modernization process as such. The meaning of the concept thus unfolds along a continuum from a case (the firm), to a pattern (the social phenomenon), and to an icon of a whole culture (modernity): meanings that are interrelated, but also distinct.
Romance tourism
Authors: Williams Erica L.
Published: June 2017

Romance tourism
is a term that some scholars have used to highlight the romantic, emotional, and intimate connections cultivated between foreign tourists and local men and women in tourist destinations (which are usually in developing countries). Most of the literature on romance tourism is based in the Caribbean. D. Pruitt and S. LaFont (1995) first introduced the concept of romance tourism to distinguish heterosexual male sex work from other prostitution relations in the Caribbean (Kempadoo 1999). The distinction between romance tourism and sex tourism is often split along gendered lines. Sexual/romantic encounters between tourist women and local men are more likely to be referred to as romance tourism, while similar encounters between tourist men and local women are often referred to as “sex tourism.” Men who exchange sexual services for monetary gain in tourist destinations often do not self‐identify as sex workers. These men are referred to as beach boys, island boys, players, gigolos, sanky pankys, hustlers, and other local terms. These terms create a separate discursive space for male actors in Caribbean sex work and a strategy to distance men from the stigma of prostitution. These men's sexual practices are consistent with the construction of Caribbean masculinity in terms of sexual prowess, womanizing, and hypersexuality. For instance, Jacqueline Sanchez‐Taylor (2006) emphasizes how Caribbean men draw upon the stereotype of the “black stud” in their sexual‐affective encounters with foreign women.
Slow Food movement
Authors: Galli Anya M. , Degliesposti Piergiorgio
Published: June 2017

Slow Food is an international movement opposed to the “standardization of taste and culture, and the unrestrained power of the food industry multinationals and industrial agriculture.” It envisions globalization as a process in which small and local farmers and food producers should be simultaneously protected from and included in the global food system: its web site claims, “we believe that everyone has a fundamental right to the pleasure of good food and consequently the responsibility to protect the heritage of food, tradition and culture that make this pleasure possible” (
www.slowfood.com
). Unlike many “anti‐globalization” movements that oppose global processes and markets, Slow Food encourages the global adaptation of local and traditional.
Neoconservatism
Authors: Kukreja Sunil
Published: June 2017

Neoconservatism as a worldview reached its zenith during the presidency of George W. Bush. It became the compelling and driving force that shaped the way that the United States, under the Bush Administration, conducted its foreign policy, and framed its role in the international community, particularly after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 (9/11).
Worker Rights Consortium
Authors: Ross Robert J.S.
Published: June 2017

Founded in April 2000, the Worker Rights Consortium (WRC) describes itself as “an independent labor rights monitoring organization, conducting investigations of working conditions in factories around the globe” whose “purpose is to combat sweatshops and protect the rights of workers who sew apparel and make other products sold in the United States” (Worker Rights Consortium 2009a). Created by the “sweatfree campus” movement organized by United Students Against Sweatshops (USAS) in the mid 1990s, the WRC had, as of December 2009, 186 university and college and four high school affiliates. While some affiliations were voluntary and enthusiastic, others joined only after student sit‐ins and/or hunger strikes (Featherstone & USAS 2002).
Virtual sociability
Authors: Brändle Gaspar , Cáceres‐Zapatero María D. , Ruiz‐San Román José A.
Published: June 2017

Uninterrupted and ubiquitous hyperconnection is mediating in many of contemporary individual life interactions, becoming the natural way of being in the world and leading to new forms of sociability for those who have regular access and the skills to use the Internet.
Virtual sociability
could be seen as a framework for rethinking forms of sociality in the digital environment. The changes that technological innovation has brought about in social interactions affect scenarios and processes, transforming the relationships established between the actors (liquid), the way in which subjects show themselves and interact with others (from flexible identities), and enabling the formation of new affiliation practices and social bonding (virtual communities).
Liposomes with Silk Fibroin Hydrogel Core to Stabilize bFGF and Promote the Wound Healing of Mice with Deep Second‐Degree Scald
Authors: Xu He‐Lin , Chen Pian‐Pian , ZhuGe De‐Li , Zhu Qun‐Yan , Jin Bing‐Hui , Shen Bi‐Xin , Xiao Jian , Zhao Ying‐Zheng
Published: June 2017

How to maintain the stability of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in wounds with massive wound fluids is important to accelerate wound healing. Here, a novel liposome with hydrogel core of silk fibroin (SF‐LIP) is successfully developed by the common liposomal template, followed by gelation of liquid SF inside vesicle under sonication. SF‐LIP is capable of encapsulating bFGF (SF‐bFGF‐LIP) with high efficiency, having a diameter of 99.8 ± 0.5 nm and zeta potential of −9.41 ± 0.10 mV. SF‐LIP effectively improves the stability of bFGF in wound fluids. After 8 h of incubation with wound fluids at 37 °C, more than 50% of free bFGF are degraded, while only 18.6% of the encapsulated bFGF in SF‐LIP are destroyed. Even after 3 d of preincubation with wound fluids, the cell proliferation activity and wound healing ability of SF‐bFGF‐LIP are still preserved but these are severely compromised for the conventional bFGF‐liposome (bFGF‐LIP). In vivo experiments reveal that SF‐bFGF‐LIP accelerates the wound closure of mice with deep second‐degree scald. Moreover, due to the protective effect and enhanced penetration ability, SF‐bFGF‐LIP is very helpful to induce regeneration of vascular vessel in comparison with free bFGF or bFGF‐LIP. The liposome with SF hydrogel core may be a potential carrier as growth factors for wound healing.
Using demographic characteristics of populations to detect spatial fragmentation following suspected ebola outbreaks in great apes
Authors: Genton Céline , Cristescu Romane , Gatti Sylvain , Levréro Florence , Bigot Elodie , Motsch Peggy , Le Gouar Pascaline , Pierre Jean‐Sébastien , Ménard Nelly
Published: June 2017

Objectives

Demographic crashes due to emerging diseases can contribute to population fragmentation and increase extinction risk of small populations. Ebola outbreaks in 2002–2004 are suspected to have caused a decline of more than 80% in some Western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) populations. We investigated whether demographic indicators of this event allowed for the detection of spatial fragmentation in gorilla populations.

Materials and Methods

We collected demographic data from two neighbouring populations: the Lokoué population, suspected to have been affected by an Ebola outbreak (followed from 2001 to 2014), and the Romani population, of unknown demographic status before Ebola outbreaks (followed from 2005 to 2014).

Results

Ten years after the outbreak, the Lokoué population is slowly recovering and the short‐term demographic indicators of a population crash were no longer detectable. The Lokoué population has not experienced any additional demographic perturbation over the past decade. The Romani population did not show any of the demographic indicators of a population crash over the past decade. Its demographic structure remained similar to that of unaffected populations.

Discussion

Our results highlighted that the Ebola disease could contribute to fragmentation of gorilla populations due to the spatially heterogeneous impact of its outbreaks. The demographic structure of populations (i.e., age‐sex and group structure) can be useful indicators of a possible occurrence of recent Ebola outbreaks in populations without known history, and may be more broadly used in other emerging disease/species systems. Longitudinal data are critical to our understanding of the impact of emerging diseases on wild populations and their conservation.
Structure of Human Tyrosinase Related Protein 1 Reveals a Binuclear Zinc Active Site Important for Melanogenesis
Authors: Lai Xuelei , Wichers Harry J. , Soler‐Lopez Montserrat , Dijkstra Bauke W.
Published: June 2017

Tyrosinase‐related protein 1 (TYRP1) is one of three tyrosinase‐like glycoenzymes in human melanocytes that are key to the production of melanin, the compound responsible for the pigmentation of skin, eye, and hair. Difficulties with producing these enzymes in pure form have hampered the understanding of their activity and the effect of mutations that cause albinism and pigmentation disorders. Herein we show that the typical tyrosinase‐like subdomain of TYRP1 contains two zinc ions in the active site instead of copper ions as found in tyrosinases, which explains why TYRP1 does not exhibit tyrosinase redox activity. In addition, the structures reveal for the first time that the Cys‐rich subdomain, which is unique to vertebrate melanogenic proteins, has an epidermal growth factor‐like fold and is tightly associated with the tyrosinase subdomain. Our structures suggest that most albinism‐related mutations of TYRP1 affect its stability or activity.
Preparation, characterization and biological evaluation of two chiral binuclear copper(II) complexes
Authors: Suo Jing‐Jing , Ma Zhong‐Ying , Xu Jing‐Yuan , Tian Jin‐Lei , Liu Xin
Published: June 2017

Two chiral Cu(II) complexes of [Cu2(R‐L)2](PF6)2·2C2H5OH (1) and [Cu2(S‐L)2](PF6)2·2C2H5OH (2) (HL = 2‐(Bis(quinolin‐2‐ylmethyl)amino)‐1‐propanol) were designed and synthesized to serve as chemical nucleases and anticancer drugs. X‐ray crystallography revealed that two complexes contain chiral binuclear cations and PF6− anions. The interaction of two complexes with CT‐DNA was researched via various spectroscopic techniques and viscosity measurement, indicating that the complexes were bound to CT‐DNA by a classical intercalation binding mode. In addition, the two complexes exhibited remarkable DNA cleavage activity with an optimal dosage of 10 μM in the absence of any exogenous oxidant agent. Both of the complexes showed excellent in vitro cytotoxicity on A549 cell lines with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. Moreover, complex 2 could damage DNA of A549 cells into fragmentation and then induced cell apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner, which was demonstrated by comet assay and Hoechst 33342 staining experiment. Further research showed that complex 2 could also induce G2 and S phase cell cycle arrest.