bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Correlation Between Education Level, Knowledge and Motivation in Volunteer Performance: a Post-Study on Action Research in Developing Educator Volunteers for COVID-19 Based on community empowerment using a tiered and online platform in Indonesia
Authors: Khuzaiyah Siti , Priyogo Nur Izzah , Setianto Gigih
Published: September 2021

COVID-19 infection is spreading globally, including in Indonesia. The corona-virus transmits so quickly; there is panic in the community to avoid transmission. Stakeholders could develop educator volunteers based on community empowerment to increase public knowledge so that they can prevent transmission of the Corona Virus. Aims. This study aimed to determine the correlation between education level, knowledge and motivation in volunteer performance after training on developing educator volunteers of COVID-19. Methods. This study was action research with a post-test evaluation approach The population in this study were 250 educator volunteers of COVID-19. The sampling technique used a Slovin formula with the total sample was 50 people. The data were analyzed using the Pearson chi-square test and Spearman rank. Results. There was a significant correlation between motivation for volunteer performance (p-value 0.014). Meanwhile, the education and knowledge variables did not have a substantial correlation on volunteer performance with p-value 0.917 and 0.243, respectively. Conclusions. Mental and material support from Muhammadiyah Board (as the leader) are needed for volunteers so that they are motivated to carry out their roles as educator volunteers of COVID-19.
The Role of Phytochelatin Synthase in Phytoremediation Agent: Structural Conservation of Phytochelatin (PC) Synthase to Maintain Its Activity as Heavy Metal Detoxification in Plant
Authors: Vidayanti Viky , Permatasari Galuh Wening
Published: September 2021

Phytochelatin (PC) Enzyme has crucial role in heavy metal detoxification and homeostasis in plants. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic variation of PC synthase related to its activity based on structural comparison. We evaluated PC genes and protein sequences from 6 plants namely, Brassicasp., Amaranthussp., Noccaeasp., Arabidopsissp., Nicotianasp., and Pterissp. All sequences were aligned based on CLUSTALW matrix for DN sequences and MUSCLE algorithm for protein sequences. Data were clustered using MEGA Software for similarity clustering. Selected data were further modeled using SWISSMODEL to evaluate the 3D-structural analysis based on homology modeling. Thus, all protein models were superimposed and evaluated the structure comparison based on RMSD data. The result showed that genetic variation of PC gene is high among species. But it is clustered for the same species has similar sequence. In addition, protein sequences also showed the high diversity among species and it is still clustered basedon their genus. RMSD data showed that PC synthase from 6 plant has similar structure and tend to conserved even there is genetic variation or amino acid modification. We concluded that structural of PC gene is more conserved than its sequences. It is important to keep its function among species.
Associações entre uso de álcool e perfil sociodemográfico de universitários de Enfermagem e Nutrição
Authors: Nunes Bárbara Souza de Medeiros , Barbosa Guilherme Correa , Domingos Thiago da Silva
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: verificar o padrão de uso de álcool em graduandos dos cursos de enfermagem e nutrição de uma universidade pública e possíveis associações entre as variáveis sociodemográficas. Método: estudo transversal realizado com 170 estudantes dos cursos de graduação em Enfermagem e Nutrição de uma universidade pública. Utilizou-se um questionário sociodemográfico e o Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test. As associações foram verificadas por meio do teste qui-quadrado considerando p-valor <0,05. Resultados: a prevalência de consumo foi de 80% e binge drinking, 59,53%. O padrão de baixo risco foi identificado em 53,53% dos estudantes. Associaram-se aos perfis de consumo álcool a faixa etária atual e de primeiro contato com bebidas alcoólicas, composição domiciliar e tipo de bebida alcoólica consumida. Conclusão: aos padrões de riscos baixo e nocivo, entre estudantes de Enfermagem e Nutrição, associaram-se as variáveis faixa etária entre 17 e 23 anos, idade de primeiro contato com bebida alcoólica entre 10 e 17 anos, e residir com amigos. O uso de bebidas fermentadas associou-se ao padrão de baixo risco. O reconhecimento do perfil contribui para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de promoção, prevenção e educação em saúde a fim de reduzir os riscos futuros decorrentes do uso de álcool.
Prevalência do transtorno depressivo maior em pessoas com dependência química
Authors: Pereira Pablo Michel Barcelos , Bitencourt Rafael Mariano de
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: verificar a prevalência do Transtorno Depressivo Maior em pessoas com dependência química. Método: estudo transversal com a aplicação da entrevista estruturada para os transtornos do DSM-V em 183 indivíduos internados em comunidades terapêuticas de acolhimento para dependentes químicos, localizadas no sul de Santa Catarina, durante o de ano de 2019. Resultados: todos os participantes não realizaram consulta psiquiátrica ao ingressar na instituição e a maioria não realizou consulta psiquiátrica regular (94,5%). Constatou-se que 89 participantes (55,3%) possuíam critérios diagnósticos para o Transtorno Depressivo Maior e 59,1% destes possuíam adicção ao álcool (p<0,028). Conclusão: o diagnóstico do transtorno depressivo deve-se consolidar como uma variável importante para a eficácia do tratamento, visto que sua prevalência é elevada e possui repercussões sobre a qualidade do tratamento e tempo de institucionalização.
Hourglass Effect: The Late Seventeenth Encyclopaedic Dictionary and the Dissemination of Knowledge
Authors: Williams Geoffrey Clive , Galleron Ionna
Published: September 2021

The publication of the Dictionnaire universel of Furetière in 1690 ushered in the age of the encyclopaedic dictionary. This was a relatively short-lived phenomenon of little more than a hundred years, but one which pathed the way to modern encyclopaedias. Furetière having died in 1688, his successor was Basnage de Beauval, a protestant exile based in the United Provinces of the Netherlands. It was Basnage who in the new 1701 edition transformed the dictionary by enlarging it considerably to a more genuine encyclopaedic coverage and calling on specialists to rewrite key sections, notably on the natural sciences. The simile of the hourglass is a means to show how the dictionary mediated knowledge from a vast array of sources and made the data available to contemporary and current day users. This paper demonstrates the hourglass effect through the lexicographical and learned sources that Basnage and his major compiler of scientific data, Regis of Amsterdam, brought into service. It looks at how Regis used numerous botanical sources in writing entries on Brazilian flora. Finally, we examine the influence of the work on the phenomenon of the universal dictionary and the development of the encyclopaedia.
Duas décadas de relevantes mudanças na proteção dada à mulher pelo direito penal brasileiro
Authors: Gomes Mariângela Gama de Magalhães
Published: September 2021

O artigo traz uma reflexão sobre as alterações ocorridas no ordenamento jurídico-penal brasileiro nas duas primeiras décadas do século 21, especialmente quanto à proteção dispensada às mulheres. Busca-se evidenciar que num período de apenas 20 anos foram efetivadas mudanças com grande impacto na forma como a mulher é vista, como sua sexualidade é tratada e como a violência contra ela passou a receber atenção diferenciada pelo direito penal. Para compreender o significado simbólico dos dispositivos vigentes no final do século 20, é feita uma breve análise dos valores que nortearam a elaboração do código penal de 1940 e que continuavam orientando a sua interpretação na década de 1990; a partir daí, é dado destaque à eliminação de características da lei penal que não faziam sentido no contexto social, tais como a superação da proteção dos “costumes” pela dignidade sexual, a descriminalização do rapto e da sedução, a eliminação de tratamento diferenciado aos crimes que ofendem homens e mulheres, a supressão da figura da “mulher honesta” e o fim do casamento da ofendida como causa de extinção da punibilidade do agressor. Também no sentido de atualização da matéria, é analisada a incriminação do assédio sexual, a Lei “Maria da Penha” e a prevenção e repressão da violência doméstica, a autorização do aborto de feto anencéfalo, a criação da figura do feminicídio e novas incriminações como a importunação sexual e a pornografia de vingança. Para um tema muito vinculado a valores solidamente arraigados na sociedade, as mudanças operadas em duas décadas caracterizam avanço inédito na proteção das mulheres.
A afirmação do direito internacional público em contextos de crise global
Authors: Dallari Pedro Bohomoletz de Abreu
Published: September 2021

A reflexão acadêmica em torno do impacto, para a sociedade mundial, da crise decorrente da disseminação global do novo coronavírus (Sars-CoV-2) e da doença por ele causada (Covid-19) tem levado a diversos e distintos cenários imaginados para a pós-pandemia. Por meio da consideração da evolução histórica de seu acervo normativo e de seus institutos, o direito internacional público apresenta elementos que podem contribuir para essa reflexão. Uma das decorrências das crises globais tem sido justamente a afirmação do direito internacional público como ambiente privilegiado para a fixação de paradigmas voltados a orientar a sociedade mundial na reconfiguração de seu funcionamento, em um contexto inexorável de maior integração. Na sequência de cada crise global – dado o impacto geograficamente amplo da crise e a necessidade de se lograr, face ao risco a ela imanente, estabilidade na ordem internacional –, deram-se, para além de qualquer motivação idealista, o fortalecimento do multilateralismo e a expansão do direito internacional público. A aferição dessa correlação pode ser feita pela análise das transformações vivenciadas pelo direito internacional público na esteira tanto de crises globais generalizadas, marcadas pelo colapso da segurança internacional, como de crises globais tópicas, da qual é exemplo a crise sanitária desencadeada pela pandemia da Covid-19. A compreensão do risco para a estabilidade mundial que esta pandemia acarreta fará com que importantes temas que ficaram estagnados nos últimos anos – o aquecimento global, a vulnerabilidade social, as assimetrias na economia internacional – tenham que voltar à pauta de negociação de um multilateralismo renovado, gerando novo impulso na evolução do direito internacional público.
Habitação, regularização e reabilitação: tendências em Portugal e no Brasil
Authors: Lopes Dulce Margarida de Jesus
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo faz um paralelo entre o regime jurídico português e o brasileiro em matérias próximas como as da habitação, regularização fundiária e reabilitação. Ainda que em diferentes medidas e com distintos instrumentos, estas problemáticas têm estado na luz da ribalta em ambos os países. E em ambos é notória a dificuldade em concretizar regras de uso, ocupação e transformação do solo em situações em que este já se encontra comprometido, muitas vezes com utilizações de raiz ilegal.
A liberdade na ordem escravocrata: interpretações sobre o conto Pai contra mãe, de Machado de Assis
Authors: Pereira Paulo Henrique Rodrigues
Published: September 2021

As instituições jurídicas da escravidão deixaram um legado profundo na sociedade brasileira. Ao mesmo tempo, a literatura tem cada vez mais fornecido o subsídio para uma análise aprofundada da prática jurídica na sociedade, enxergando o direito como linguagem. O presente artigo busca, a partir dessas premissas, traçar uma análise do conto Pai contra Mãe de Machado de Assis, um raro exemplo da abordagem do escritor sobre o tema da escravidão, extraindo dela a percepção da sociedade da condição de liberto e de escravizado na ordem escravocrata, explorando os aspectos jurídicos, como a realidade pré-Lei do Ventre Livre, por meio dos diálogos das personagens. Assim, apresentando um panorama do conto, espera-se fornecer ao leitor um retrato da percepção e prática de institutos jurídicos quando sob a escravidão no Brasil do século XIX.
Proteção de minorias e inclusão social: a ressocialização dos apenados a partir do direito à educação no Conjunto Penal de Itabuna/BA
Authors: Santos Fábio da Silva , Lima Adriana Oliveira
Published: September 2021

A presente pesquisa é uma breve investigação sobre os principais desafios e perspectivas que emergem do processo de ressocialização por meio da educação formal dos detentos do Conjunto Penal de Itabuna-BA. Inicialmente apresenta-se um percurso teórico e histórico sobre o sistema prisional brasileiro e sua evolução D’Urso (1999), Greco (2016), Mirabete (2008), Zaffaroni e Pierangeli (2007), dentre outros. Em seguida, explana-se os contextos da educação prisional brasileira e os processos de ressocialização e suas implicações consubstanciando-se por meio do exemplo das experiências dos apenados discentes e seus docentes na referida Instituição Penal. Esta pesquisa é exploratória e de campo, realizada com os sujeitos que participam diretamente desse processo no qual a educação formal embasa os procedimentos para a efetividade da lei de execução penal e a remissão da pena. No tratamento da análise qualitativa sobre os dados coletados (interpretação dos questionários) foram averiguados alguns pontos que circundam a realidade da sala de aula no contexto da prisão, tais como, motivo de optar a voltar ao estudo, condições físicas e pedagógicas e demais aspectos da relação da aprendizagem; com relação à equipe docente que participou da pesquisa foram também inquiridos a respeito dessa dimensão. Sendo assim, percebeu-se a importância da garantia de acesso à educação formal por meio do trabalho responsável dos professores e o interesse dos discentes apenados e quão relevante é a observância dos aspectos estruturais e ideológicos que permeiam as dificuldades e desafios pelos quais passam os sujeitos envolvidos. Daí que urge a preocupação em efetivar práticas penais e ações do Estado e sociedade civil com fins a assegurar a promoção do direito à ressocialização e legitimar melhorias das condições de execução penal no Brasil com a finalidade de enfrentar a situação cada vez mais alarmante dos Conjuntos Penais brasileiros.
A proteção de direitos sociais dos transgêneros: impactos da decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal na Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade n. 4.275 no Brasil
Authors: Rios Beatriz Falcão , Fontes Tarik Vervloet , Santos Fábio da Silva
Published: September 2021

A questão dos direitos sociais dos transgêneros brasileiros ganha destaque no contexto de proteção à minorias. Principalmente, a partir do momento em que o Supremo Tribunal Federal julgou procedente no dia 1º de março de 2018 a Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade n. 4.275 para dar interpretação conforme a Constituição e o Pacto de São José da Costa Rica ao art. 58 da Lei n. 6.015/73, permitindo aos transgêneros, que são aqueles que não se identificam com o seu gênero biológico, alterarem no cartório (via administrativa) o prenome e gênero diretamente no registro civil e sem a obrigatoriedade de ter realizado a cirurgia de transgenitalização. Por meio de uma pesquisa exploratória, com referenciais teóricos e um estudo realizado sobre as histórias de vida, será possível conhecer os impactos positivos e negativos dessa decisão, bem como, os enfrentamentos do dia a dia da população trans. Pode-se inferir que houve um avanço na história do Brasil com a Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade n. 4.275, pois apesar dos impactos negativos mencionados é perceptível que já estamos um passo à frente da desconstrução da cultura transfóbica.
Lavagem de dinheiro e Bitcoin: a idoneidade da moeda digital como meio para a prática delituosa
Authors: Savino Felipe Gardelino
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a prática do crime de lavagem de dinheiro por meio da criptomoeda Bitcoin para, ao final, analisar possíveis medidas jurídicas para se coibir essa prática delituosa.
Colusão nos negócios jurídicos processuais e a aplicação de uma nova teoria das invalidades processuais
Authors: Cardoso Natasha Reis de Carvalho
Published: September 2021

O artigo visa analisar a colusão entre as partes nas convenções processuais e identificar as suas consequências sob a ótica de uma nova teoria das invalidades processuais, ou seja, como uma exemplificação de sua execução casuística. A cláusula geral de negociação processual prevista no art. 190 CPC, máxima configuração da autonomia privada da vontade, consagrou a possibilidade de haver a atipicidade neste instituto. Desta forma, seria possível que determinadas disposições não previstas em lei pudessem ser objeto de convenção. No entanto, esta autonomia, se levada ao extremo e sem certos limites, pode facilitar a configuração de atos ilícitos pelos sujeitos processuais como vícios de consentimento (coação, lesão) ou vícios sociais (simulação, fraude contra credores). Por isso, para evitar que tais atos deturpem o instituto, faz mister analisar as suas consequências no plano processual. Por este motivo, impor-se-á um estudo da invalidade do ato jurídico a depender do caso concreto, utilizando-o também como exemplo de aplicação.
Biossegurança e uso de equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI) na odontologia em tempos de Covid-19
Authors: Brancini Mirilaini Lino , Souza Paula Renata de , Terenzi Mayara , Araújo Taylane Soffener Berlanga de , Reis Andréa Candido dos
Published: September 2021

O coronavírus desafiou profissões e sistemas de saúde em todo mundo. O papel dos profissionais da odontologia na prevenção da transmissão da covid-19 é extremamente importante, pois eles estão expostos a aerossóis da cavidade oral de pacientes que podem conter vários microrganismos patogênicos. O atual momento proporcionou mudanças na odontologia, ocasionando uma alteração expressiva na forma de atendimento, na rotina e na utilização de equipamento de proteção individual (EPI) de forma adequada e segura dentro de um consultório odontológico. O objetivo deste artigo foi orientar o profissional sobre a biossegurança na odontologia e a importância do uso correto de EPI na prevenção de autoinfecção ou disseminação da covid-19 em épocas de pandemia. As bases de dados PubMed, LILACS, SciElo e Bireme serviram de pesquisas para os termos “infecções por coronavírus”, “odontologia” e “biossegurança”. Os critérios de escolha dos artigos foram a forma de transmissão do novo coronavírus e as maneiras de prevenir a disseminação do vírus dentro do consultório odontológico publicados no período de 2004 até junho de 2020. Conclui-se que os profissionais de odontologia desempenham importante papel na prevenção da transmissão da covid-19 através de uso correto de EPI, do uso de agentes antimicrobianos na cavidade oral e do manejo adequado na triagem dos pacientes.
Extensive gunshot wound to the face: a case report
Authors: Cerioni Tales Gabriel de Souza , Ruman Rafael Jorge , Hassanieh Willian Jamil , Manrique Gustavo Rodrigues , Campos Wladimir Gushiken de , Frascino Alexandre Viana , Hojaij Flavio Carneiro
Published: September 2021

Facial fractures caused by gunshots are a major challenge for oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Underdeveloped countries present a higher rate of homicides committed by gunshots than developed countries. This case report presents a 25 year-old male victim of a gunshot wound to the mandible, evolving into a complex fracture. The fracture was treated using rigid internal fixation. After 18 months of follow-up, the patient presents good facial appearance and masticatory activity. The gunshot caused the permanent paralysis of the right mandibular branch of the facial nerve. We managed to preserve the involved teeth and mandibular integrity, with complete bone healing. Despite the late infection following plate fixation, healing occurred without further complications, indicating that blood supply was maintained.
Ciência e fé em debate
Authors: Bertolin Josué
Published: September 2021

Ciência e religião são dois importantes fundamentos da sociedade humana. No entanto, no senso comum tem-se a ideia subjacente de um conflito irreconciliável instalado entre razão e fé. É notada, por vezes, uma abordagem reducionista do assunto, e, assim, perpetuam-se imagens prejudiciais ao progresso desses campos do saber. Esse artigo vem discutir a relação entre ciência e fé sob uma perspectiva histórica. Busca-se compreender a possibilidade de haver intercâmbio de conhecimento entre ambas e quais modelos têm sido propostos. Algumas contribuições brasileiras para a possível interação construtiva entre as áreas do saber também são analisadas.
Para inglês ver
Authors: Valverde Bruno Alves , Campos Cristina de
Published: September 2021

A correspondência de Charles Darwin com John Henslow ao longo da viagem do Beagle (1831-1836), parcialmente publicada antes de seu retorno à Inglaterra, possibilitou o acesso do jovem naturalista ao centro da comunidade científica britânica. Ademais, a análise dessas cartas revela aspectos da atuação do Beagle em assuntos de interesse da Grã-Bretanha, nos campos científico, econômico, político e religioso. Defendemos nesse artigo que o Beagle compunha uma rede de atores humanos e não-humanos, fomentada pela diplomacia britânica e mobilizada pelas embarcações, que faziam circular informações entre Londres, as colônias britânicas e os países da América do Sul. Assim, conclui-se que o Beagle era um agente do imperialismo que colaborava nas pretensões britânicas de consolidar seu domínio sobre o hemisfério sul.
Aquecimento global antropogênico
Authors: Molion Luiz Carlos Baldicero
Published: September 2021

O aquecimento global antropogênico catastrófico, defendido pelo IPCC, não tem bases científicas sólidas. Está calcado apenas em resultados de modelos de clima global que são alvos de críticas severas na comunidade científica, pois não conseguem replicar o clima passado, e em cenários futuros de concentração de CO2 questionáveis. Não existe, portanto, uma emergência climática como apregoa o Acordo Climático de Paris.  Ao contrário, como o Sol está entrando em um mínimo de atividade que ocorre secularmente, é mais provável que haja um ligeiro resfriamento global nos próximos 20 anos. Resfriamentos climáticos são prejudiciais para a humanidade, uma vez que prolongam os invernos, reduzem o período de cultivo causando quebras de safras, e aumentam a mortalidade de idosos fora dos trópicos.
Paradoxo da Historiografia Cognitiva
Authors: Silva Thales , Santos Lucas Soares dos , Vasconcelos Maria Luiza Iennaco de
Published: September 2021

Apesar de um recente compromisso recíproco com a colaboração entre perspectivas historiográficas e cognitivo-evolucionistas, a antiga “lacuna” entre contingência cultural e determinismo biológico continua a obstaculizar as tentativas de mapeamento do panorama biossocial humano. Nesse contexto, um exemplo pode ser encontrado na tensão existente entre duas perspectivas distintas para as implicações e raison d’être da Historiografia Cognitiva. Com isso em mente, o presente texto alega que um conjunto de desenvolvimentos recentes advindos da Epigenética pode agregar uma variedade bem-vinda de parâmetros e recursos teóricos capazes de explorar tal debate para o benefício mútuo de ambas as partes.
Prognostic Impact of Myocardial Extracellular Volume Fraction Assessment Using Dual‐Energy Computed Tomography in Patients Treated With Aortic Valve Replacement for Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Suzuki Masataka , Toba Takayoshi , Izawa Yu , Fujita Hiroshi , Miwa Keisuke , Takahashi Yu , Toh Hiroyuki , Kawamori Hiroyuki , Otake Hiromasa , Tanaka Hidekazu , Fujiwara Sei , Watanabe Yoshiaki , Kono Atsushi K. , Okada Kenji , Hirata Ken‐ichi
Published: September 2021

Background

Myocardial extracellular volume fraction (ECV), measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, is a useful prognostic marker for patients who have undergone aortic valve replacement (AVR) for aortic stenosis. However, the prognostic significance of ECV measurements based on computed tomography (CT) is unclear. This study evaluated the association between ECV measured with dual‐energy CT and clinical outcomes in patients with aortic stenosis who underwent transcatheter or surgical AVR.

Methods and Results

We retrospectively enrolled 95 consecutive patients (age, 84.0±5.0 years; 75% women) with severe aortic stenosis who underwent preprocedural CT for transcatheter AVR planning. ECV was measured using iodine density images obtained by delayed enhancement dual‐energy CT. The primary end point was a composite outcome of all‐cause death and hospitalization for heart failure after AVR. The mean ECV measured with CT was 28.1±3.8%. During a median follow‐up of 2.6 years, 22 composite outcomes were observed, including 15 all‐cause deaths and 11 hospitalizations for heart failure. In Kaplan‐Meier analysis, the high ECV group (≥27.8% [median value]) had significantly higher rates of composite outcomes than the low ECV group (<27.8%) (log‐rank test,
P
=0.012). ECV was the only independent predictor of adverse outcomes on multivariable Cox regression analysis (hazards ratio, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.10‒1.41;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

Myocardial ECV measured with dual‐energy CT in patients who underwent aortic valve intervention was an independent predictor of adverse outcomes after AVR.
Capturing Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Stroke at the
ICD‐9
to
ICD‐10
Transition: Case Volume Discontinuity in the United States National Inpatient Sample
Authors: Zhou Lily W. , Allo Mina , Mlynash Michael , Field Thalia S.
Published: September 2021

Background

Transition from
International Classification of Diseases
(
ICD
)
Ninth
and
Tenth Revisions
(
ICD‐9
and
ICD‐10
) for hospital discharge data was mandated for US hospitals on October 1, 2015. We examined the volume of patients receiving thrombolysis in ischemic stroke (IS) identified using
ICD
codes within this transition period in the 2015 to 2016 National Inpatient Sample, a weighted 20% sample of all inpatient US hospital discharges.

Methods and Results

During the
ICD‐10
period, 2 case identification strategies were used. Codes for IS were combined with: (1) only the
ICD‐10
code for thrombolytic given into a peripheral vein and (2) all new
ICD‐10
codes mapped to the
ICD‐9
code for all thrombolysis. On visual inspection there was an obvious discontinuity in the volume of patients with IS treated with IV thrombolysis corresponding to 3 time periods:
ICD‐9
(study period 1), transition (period 2), and
ICD‐10
(period 3). With Strategy 1, analysis using a linear spline with 2 knots shows that the volume of patients with IS treated with IV thrombolysis was significantly different between study periods 1 and 2 (slope difference −1880, 95% CI −2834 to −928,
P
=0.005), and periods 2 to 3 (slope difference 1980, 95% CI 1207–2754,
P
 = 0.002). With Strategy 2, volumes did not change significantly between periods 1 to 2, though there was a significant difference between periods 2 and 3 (slope difference 719, 95% CI 91–1347,
P
=0.034).

Conclusions

The significant discontinuity in thrombolysis volumes for IS during the transition period for
ICD‐9
to
ICD‐10
coding suggests that more rigorous validation of US administrative data during this time period may be necessary for research, resource planning, and quality assurance.
Chemistry and Measurement: Some Philosophical Lessons
Authors: Llored Jean-Pierre
Published: September 2021

How do chemists assign numbers to chemicals properties? What do these numbers refer to? To answer these questions, we will first point out both the context-dependence of chemicals and the epistemic limitations of chemistry. We will then investigate how chemists use various procedures to stabilize measurements and how they use mixtures of samples as “references” in order to determine the amount of different chemicals in a sample. This study will enable us to query how it is possible for chemists to change one factor while holding others constant at each step of the measurement procedure. This part of our work which will lead us to query the meaning of the ceteris paribus clause and the very possibility of making holistic inferences in the domain of chemistry. To conclude, we will highlight how methodological pluralism developed by chemists makes it possible for a relational type of consistency to emerge.
On the Philosophical Significance of the Reform of the International System of Units (SI): A Double-Adjustment Account of Scientific Enquiry
Authors: de Courtenay Nadine
Published: September 2021

The philosophical significance attached to the construction of systems of units has traditionally been confined to the notion of convention, while their adoption was considered to be the exclusive province of the history and sociology of science. Against this tradition, a close articulation between history, philosophy, and sociology of science is needed in order to analyse the recent reform of the International system of units (SI). In the new SI, units are redefined on the basis of certain fundamental constants of nature, established by physical theories, whose values are fixed without uncertainty. The purpose of this article is to show that the redefinition of SI units, far from being a convention, involves a holistic reconstruction of our concepts of quantities from accepted theoretical laws. Fixing the values of the defining constants stabilizes these laws within the framework of physics through a twofold adjustment procedure that ensures both a semantic coordination between theory and world and an intersubjective coordination between human agents required by social activities. This double adjustment implies a treatment of uncertainties that results in closely entwining the pursuit of truth as correspondence and truth as coherence which turn out to be complementary, thus highlighting the anthropological underpinnings of scientific realism.
Developing an Analysis Framework for Studies on Pedagogical Agent in an e-Learning Environment
Authors: Peng Tzu-Hsiang , Wang Tzu-Hua
Published: September 2021

Pedagogical agents (PAs) are a crucial aspect of the e-learning environment. A PA is defined as a virtual character presented on an interface, and they are designed to promote student learning. PAs have been widely discussed in academic papers. However, an appropriate analysis framework has not been proposed because of the diversity and complexity of PAs. Therefore, we reviewed the literature and proposed a list of related clues, including environmental, learner, role, appearance, and social clues. We used this framework to analyse the learning effectiveness of PAs in specific areas. The keyword ‘pedagogical agent’ was used to search for related papers from 2000 to 2019. A total of 136 related papers were obtained. A meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model (Hedges’ g was used to measure the effect size). The effect size of the learning effectiveness of PA was small to medium (g = 0.423). The results of subgroup analysis (Hedges’s g) revealed that subjects, grades, additional support, appearance style, and facial expression changes had a different moderating effect on the effect of PA on learning effectiveness. We discussed the moderating effect of related clues and suggested future research directions.
Goals for Adolescent Participation in Organized Youth Programs: Views From Adolescent-Parent Dyads
Authors: Munoz Lorraine , Raffaelli Marcela , Kang Hyeyoung
Published: September 2021

This study investigated the goals adolescents and parents have for the adolescent’s participation in an organized youth program. Open-ended interviews were conducted with 52 adolescents from 13 project-based youth programs and one of their caregivers. Adolescents (aged 13–18; 56% female) were ethnically diverse (46% Latinx, 29% European American, 19% African American, and 6% other). Caregivers ( M age 43.15 years) were predominantly female (80%) and biological or adoptive parents (94%); about half had been born in the United States. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted to examine goal content and congruence between adolescents and parents. Interview data were inductively coded following a consensus team approach. Thirteen goal categories were identified: nine were described by both adolescents and parents (e.g., skill-building and socialization) and two were unique to adolescents and two to parents. More than half (56%) of adolescent-parent dyads reported at least one matching goal. In general, adolescents tended to emphasize short-term objectives and parents long-term outcomes. Collectively, findings indicate that adolescents and their parents view organized programs as salient contexts to pursue youth’s personal goals. Findings have implications for theory, research, and practice.
Entomotoxic effects of synthesized aluminum oxide nanoparticles against Sitophilus oryzae and their toxicological effects on albino rats
Authors: Ismail Tamer , Salama Mohamed A , El-Ebiary Mostafa
Published: September 2021

Recently, nanoparticles are emerging as a potential alternative to synthetic pesticides for protection against stored-product insect pests, such as the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae; however, the toxic effects of nanoparticles on nontarget organisms are not yet understood. Therefore, we investigated the insecticidal effects of synthesized aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3-NPs) on S. oryzae, as well as their potential toxicity in albino rats. S. oryzae mortality increased as the period of Al2O3-NP exposure increased; 100% mortality was reached at 8000 mg Al2O3-NPs/kg of wheat grain after 7 days of exposure. After 60 days of exposure, all tested Al2O3-NPs concentrations (1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 mg/kg grain) significantly reduced the number of S. oryzae offspring in a dose-dependent manner. In albino rats, exposure to the LC90 of Al2O3-NPs in a treated diet caused a significant decrease in total body weight and an increase in liver weight in a subacute toxicity test. Moreover, Al2O3-NP treatment elevated the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatinine in exposed rats relative to control rats, while the uric acid levels of treated rats decreased. Histopathological analysis also revealed various hepatic and renal lesions in treated rats. In summary, although Al2O3-NPs have insecticidal effects, they also have hazardous toxicological effects on rats. Therefore, if Al2O3-NPs are used in the current powder form to protect stored products, they may cause adverse effects to workers and consumers. Further research will be required to develop new nanoformulations with increased safety and potency before these nanoparticles can be used in stored-product pest control.
‘There Is Nothing Wrong with Me’: The Materialisation of Disability in Sheltered Employment
Authors: Bend Gemma L , Priola Vincenza
Published: September 2021

This article explores the lived experiences of disabled men and women who work in sheltered employment. Specifically, it analyses how the entanglement of sociomaterial practices affects disabled workers’ co-constructions of work and disability. Theoretically grounded in posthumanist performativity theory, the article shows how embodied employment experiences within organisational spaces contribute to the materialisation of disability. Findings emerged from ethnographic participant observations and interviews with management and workers at a sheltered workshop. The data highlight how the entanglement of bodies, space, objects and discourses affects materialisations of disability in ways that appear more inclusive than in mainstream employment. However, these sociomaterial practices remain embedded in a productivity-oriented work logic.
Species-specific reservoir effect estimates: A case study of archaeological marine samples from the Bering Strait
Authors: Dury Jack PR , Eriksson Gunilla , Savinetsky Arkady , Dobrovolskaya Maria , Dneprovsky Kirill , Harris Alison JT , van der Plicht Johannes , Jordan Peter , Lidén Kerstin
Published: September 2021

Due to the marine reservoir effect, radiocarbon dates of marine samples require a correction. Marine reservoir effects, however, may vary among different marine species within a given body of water. Factors such as diet, feeding depth and migratory behaviour all affect the 14C date of a marine organism. Moreover, there is often significant variation within single marine species. Whilst the careful consideration of the Δ R values of a single marine species in a given location is important, so too is the full range of Δ R values within an ecosystem. This paper illustrates this point, using a sample pairing method to estimate the reservoir effects in 17 marine samples, of eight different species, from the archaeological site of Ekven (Eastern Chukotka, Siberia). An OxCal model is used to assess the strength of these estimates. The marine reservoir effects of samples passing the model range from Δ R (Marine20) = 136 ± 41–Δ R = 460 ± 40. Marine reservoir effect estimates of these samples and other published samples are used to explore variability in the wider Bering Strait region. The archaeological implications of this variability are also discussed. The calibrating of 14C dates from human bone collagen, for example, could be improved by applying a dietary relevant marine reservoir effect correction. For humans from the site of Ekven, a Δ R (Marine20) correction of 289 ± 124 years or reservoir age correction of 842 ± 123 years is suggested.
Friction and wear characteristics of ceramics composite under multidirectional motions
Authors: Chowdhury Mohammad A , Shuvho Bengir A , Hossain Nayem , Hassan Mahamudul , Debnath Uttam K , Mia Shahin
Published: September 2021

The friction and wear characteristics of stainless steel diffused with Si-based ceramics were investigated using pin-and-disc configuration under reciprocation motion, rotational motion, and simultaneous motion. The pin material was diffused by the combination of 60% Ti2O3, 30% Al2O3, and 10% Si2O3. Experiments have been carried out both in diffused and non-diffused conditions. Both the friction coefficient and wear rate have been possible to reduce by diffused pin material. The effects of both friction coefficient and wear rate have been studied on ceramics composites at different pin-and-disc motions. Experiments were conducted underpin motions of 0.15–0.25 m/s, disc motions of 0.5–0.6 m/s, and normal loads of 2.5–3.5 N. A relation was found among friction, wear and surface hardness of the composite. The friction coefficient and wear resistance were improved of stainless steel diffused with ceramics. Scanning electron microscopic analysis was performed to observe the morphology of ceramic and pin material.
COVID-19 and the crisis in the internationalization of higher education in emerging contexts
Authors: Woicolesco Vanessa G , Morosini Marilia , Marcelino Jocélia M
Published: September 2021

This article analyzes the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Brazilian context and highlights the impacts of internationalization of higher education in the country. Qualitative in nature, the article is characterized as an exploratory-descriptive research, carried out from a bibliographic and documentary examination. Analysis: it was revealed that Latin America and the Caribbean are parts of the global regions most affected by the pandemic that experienced severe negative aggravation in their economies. In particular, in Brazil, findings reveal that the repercussions of the crisis impacted the public resources for education through budget cuts, while the private institutions suffered from an increase in defaults and evasion. Internationalization as a transversal dimension of higher education also suffered from the effects of the pandemic, and in Brazil, information and communication technologies were used to maintain international and intercultural learning and academic cooperation. This made it possible to increase the number of students benefited and to print out an equitable perspective on internationalization of higher education. For the future, it will be necessary to consolidate strategies that include information and communication technologies and promote the strengthening of cooperation networks, with the development of policies that support a more symmetrical relationship in the South–South and South–North, even in unfavorable scenarios.
Advanced materials used in wearable health care devices and medical textiles in the battle against coronavirus (COVID-19): A review
Authors: Saber Dalia , Abd El-Aziz Khaled
Published: September 2021

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has generated great confusion around the world, affecting people’s lives and producing a large number of deaths. The development of portable and wearable devices is of great importance in several fields such as point-of-care medical applications and environmental monitoring. Wearable devices with an ability to collect various types of physiological records are progressively becoming incorporated into everyday life of people. Physiological indicators are essential health indicators and their monitoring could efficiently enable early discovery of disease. This would also help decrease the number of extra severe health problems, in disease avoidance, and lower the overall public sector health cost. Protective clothing is nowadays a main part of textiles classified as technical or industrial textiles. Protective clothing aims to protect its wearer from the harsh environmental impacts that may result in injury or death. Providing protection for the common population has also been taken seriously considering the anticipated disaster due to virus attacks. This review highlights the properties of the materials that are used in wearable health care device and medical textiles.
Rapid Progression of Bioprosthetic Aortic Valve Endocarditis: From Paraprosthetic Abscesses into Tricuspid Valve Infiltration
Authors: Raja Shariff Raja Ezman , Ibrahim Khairul Shafiq , Kasim Sazzli
Published: September 2021

We present a case of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) in a 49-year-old gentleman with a history of bioprosthetic valve replacement following infective endocarditis of the aortic valve. He was pyrexial on arrival and electrocardiogram showed complete heart block. Transthoracic echocardiography and transoesophageal echocardiography revealed evidence of multiple echogenic, hypodensities within the paraprosthetic regions of the aortic bioprosthetic valve, suggestive of paravalvular abscesses, and infiltration into the right ventricle via the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve. Early PVE is often nosocomial and ultimate management include radical debridement and major reconstruction with an expectedly high risk for mortality and post-operative complications.
Implementation of online psychosocial interventions for people with neurological conditions and their caregivers: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Miao Melissa , Power Emma , Rietdijk Rachael , Brunner Melissa , Togher Leanne
Published: September 2021

Background

As the burden of neurological conditions increases globally, online psychosocial interventions offer a potentially scalable solution to enabling healthcare access. However, their successful development and implementation require research into electronic healthcare implementation specifically.

Methods

Using a search strategy combining the concepts of implementation, electronic healthcare, psychosocial interventions and neurological conditions, we will conduct comprehensive electronic searches for primary implementation evidence in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, SpeechBITE and NeuroBITE databases. Included studies will be analysed according to the Non-adoption, Abandonment, Scale-Up, Spread, and Sustainability framework, appraised using the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool and evaluated for theoretical underpinning in implementation science, with hybrid studies of effectiveness-implementation research classified according to the type of hybrid design.

Discussion

This review will be the first to use a theoretical underpinning in the Non-adoption, Abandonment, Scale-Up, Spread, and Sustainability framework to evaluate strengths and gaps in existing implementation research into online psychosocial interventions for people with neurological conditions and/or their caregivers. The results may be useful to provide direction and recommendations for future clinical implementation and research into online psychosocial interventions for people with neurological conditions and/or their caregivers.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO 2020: CRD42020186387.
Transition to Adulthood: Perspectives of Korean Immigrant Parents of Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Kim Irang , Dababnah Sarah
Published: September 2021

As the United States grows more racially and ethnically diverse, Koreans have become one of the largest ethnic minority populations. We conducted this qualitative study to explore the perspectives of Korean immigrant parents about their child’s future and the factors that shape those perspectives. We used modified grounded theory methods. Twenty Korean immigrant parents of children and adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities participated in the study. Four themes emerged: navigating complicated and limited service systems, maintaining safety and relationships through work and higher education, ongoing parental care at home, and the need for culturally relevant adult services. We discuss implications for culturally responsive practice and inclusive research.
Access to unlicensed medicines, who should pay when they are not provided for free?
Authors: Lewis Kieron David
Published: September 2021

The rising cost of clinical development, license submissions, commercial product launches, and affiliate management in all countries around the world, coupled with the ethical obligation to ensure that eligible patients have access to new treatments, has led some pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical companies to review their approach to access to medicine. The traditional US first launch, followed by European Union approval and then a strategic launch process, can eventually ensure access in the key markets with developed healthcare systems. For many other countries, providing access via the current legislation available for unlicensed medicine supply can provide a solution for increasing access. This option can be considered for broadening access to a greater number of eligible patients in more countries where unlicensed supply may be the only option, for example, if no clinical trials or commercial product supplies are available. This article looks specifically at the key financial and reimbursement considerations for unlicensed medicines and how some companies are adopting a “charged for” early access model that can be sustainable and affordable from their perspective. It is also important to consider how sustainable a charged program would be for the patient and the relevant payer, as they may expect an unlicensed treatment is provided free of charge. However, if the sponsor or manufacturer simply cannot afford to run a free supply program, the patient is faced with a more serious problem, that of no access at all, either charged or free. The objective of this article is to raise awareness amongst interested stakeholders from different perspectives, including the patients. Unlicensed medicines are usually only prescribed when there is a serious or life-threatening unmet need, and the implications for the company, physician, patient, and payer should be clear if access to treatment depends on the ability to pay.