bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Study of Historical Travelogues from a Digital Humanities Perspective: Experiences and New Approaches
Authors: Ananieva Anna , Balck Sandra , Möhrke Jacob
Published: August 2024

This article explores how Digital Humanities methodologies can be applied to historical travelogues and highlights the potential of these technologies to provide new insights into historical data. It summarizes the experiences acquired through various research tasks undertaken by the interdisciplinary project team “Digital Editions of Historical Travelogues” (DEHisRe), funded by the German Research Council (DFG) from 2021 to 2024. Based on an iterative case study of handwritten travel journals from the early 19th century, the authors outline the six-step “Life Cycle of Digital Editing”. This circular workflow incorporates best practices in the field while aiming to produce sustainable digital editions of historical travelogues.
Physiological Demands of Competitive Collegiate Dance
Authors: Seifert Gonzales Allison M. , Stenson Mary C.
Published: August 2024

Seifert Gonzales, AM and Stenson, MC. Physiological demands of competitive collegiate dance. J Strength Cond Res 38(9): e503–e509, 2024—Competitive collegiate dance combines elements of gymnastics and acrobatics with more traditional styles, such as ballet, jazz, and modern dance. Assessing the physiological demands and identifying clear measures of intensity and duration of such dance provide a framework for planning the competitive season and developing strength and conditioning programs. This study examined the blood lactate (BL), heart rate (HR), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) of 14 well-trained female dancers on a competitive collegiate dance team. Subjects completed a treadmill test to determine their lactate threshold (LT) and then performed a 120-second choreographed jazz dance routine in cumulative 30-second segments, during which physiological markers were measured. All subjects exceeded their individually determined LT values by 90 seconds into the dance routine. A moderate (r
s = 0.53; p < 0.001) positive correlation was observed between HR and RPE, as was a strong (r
s = 0.70; p < 0.001) positive correlation between BL and RPE. Subjects worked at or above LT for much of the 120-second jazz dance routine, indicating that competitive collegiate dance is physiologically demanding and highly anaerobic. Understanding the physiological demands of competitive collegiate dance allows strength and conditioning professionals to develop, monitor, and adjust training parameters, which will aid in minimizing injury and maximizing competitive performance in collegiate dancers.
Injury Risk in Elite Young Male Soccer Players: A Review on the Impact of Growth, Maturation, and Workload
Authors: Ribeiro Nuno , Martinho Diogo V. , Pereira João R. , Rebelo André , Monasterio Xabier , Gonzalo-Skok Oliver , Valente-dos-Santos João , Tavares Francisco
Published: August 2024

Ribeiro, N, Martinho, DV, Pereira, JR, Rebelo, A, Monasterio, X, Gonzalo-Skok, O, Valente-dos-Santos, J, and Tavares, F. Injury risk in elite young male soccer players: a review on the impact of growth, maturation, and workload. J Strength Cond Res 38(10): 1834–1848, 2024—The long-term development of young male soccer players involves a prolonged period of significant adjustments, highlighting the importance of studying the complex interaction between dynamic variables, including workload, and inherent elements like growth and maturity. This analysis examines the intricate connections involving the development, maturity, workload, and susceptibility to injuries among adolescent male soccer players. Significantly, these connections become prominent at the peak height velocity (PHV) period, a crucial moment in maturation. Growth rates vary among individuals, and higher rates have been associated with an increased risk of injury in young soccer players, particularly during periods of rapid growth. Identifying possible risk factors and understanding the complex connections between them is crucial to developing specific methods for reducing the risk of injury. Sharing this valuable information with essential stakeholders is crucial for guaranteeing young athletes' comprehensive growth and maturation process. Furthermore, this review emphasizes the immediate need for long-term studies and thorough injury analyses to comprehend better the dynamic interactions that influence injury patterns in young male soccer players. This review will allow practitioners to better understand the main modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for injury and provide essential information focusing on practical strategies, facilitating more informed decision making by all stakeholders. The review aims to clarify these complexities and offer crucial insights that can assist in designing and implementing efficient strategies to reduce the risk of injury, specifically for the challenges faced during PHV and within the broader framework of long-term athletic development in young soccer.
The Effects of Cold Exposure, Hypoxia, and Fatigue on Pistol Marksmanship and Target Engagement Decision Making in Trained Marksmen
Authors: Segovia Matt D. , Salmon Owen F. , Ugale Cierra B. , Smith Cory M.
Published: August 2024

Segovia, M, Salmon, OF, Ugale, C, and Smith, CM. The effects of cold exposure, hypoxia, and fatigue on pistol marksmanship and target engagement decision making in trained marksmen. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2024—This study aimed to examine the effects of cold exposure, hypoxia, and fatigue on pistol marksmanship and target engagement in trained marksmen. Twelve healthy subjects (mean ± SD age: 28.8 ± 4.0 years) performed 3 testing visits under normal/normoxic [Norm21] (24° C; 21% FiO2), cold/normoxic [Cold21] (10° C; 21% FiO2), and cold/hypoxic [Cold14] (10° C; FiO2: 14.3) conditions. Pistol marksmanship and target engagement were assessed through draw time (DT) and shoot-no-shoot (SNS) courses of fire. The 2 protocols were performed before (TpreF) and immediately after (TpostF) a sandbag deadlift fatiguing protocol. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Significant condition × time interactions (p = 0.01–0.03) were found for accuracy SNS (SNSacc), misses SNS (SNSmiss), and total shots SNS (SNStot). Follow-up analyses indicated that SNSacc increased by 14.3% (p = 0.03), SNSmiss decreased by 34.7% (p = 0.02), and SNStot decreased by 10.6% (p = 0.04) from TpreF to TpostF during the Cold21 condition alone. No significance was found for these in the Norm21 (p = 0.08–0.22) or Cold14 (p = 0.18–0.47) conditions. Total time (SNST) to completion of the SNS (p = 0.09) and DT (p = 0.14) showed no significance across time or condition. Significant difference across time for Cold14 (p = 0.03–0.02) for reaction time was found. Exercise likely resulted in increased thermogenesis that improved tactically relevant motor skills including SNSacc, decreased SNSmiss, and SNStot in Cold21, but not Cold14. The additive effect of hypoxia coupled with exercise in the Cold14 condition did not improve tactical performance, suggesting multi-stressor environments result in competing physiological responses. Tactical strength and conditioning specialists as well as operators should aim to improve thermoregulation during Cold21 conditions, with exercise as a possible intervention.
Early Versus Late Rapid Force Production During Single-Joint Isometric Hamstring Assessment Using Force Plates
Authors: Ripley Nicholas J. , Barber Ritchie , Fahey Jack T. , Comfort Paul
Published: August 2024

Ripley, NJ, Barber, R, Fahey, JT, and Comfort, P. Early versus late rapid force production during single-joint isometric hamstring assessment using force plates. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2024—The aim of this study was to assess differences in time-matched early versus late rapid force (RF) development in female soccer players in the 90-90 isometric hamstring assessment. Twenty-one elite female soccer players (age: 20.7 ± 4.7 years; height: 168.2 ± 5.5 cm; body mass: 62.8 ± 7.0 kg), with no recent (>6 months) history of hamstring strain injury, volunteered to participate in the study. Following a standardized warm-up, each subject performed 3 maximal isometric unilateral hamstring contractions, with their heel resting on a force plate, elevated on a box, to ensure that their hips and knees were at 90°. Data were analyzed to determine peak force, early RF (ERF) 0–100 milliseconds and late RF (LRF) 100–200 milliseconds. Significant and large differences were observed in the percentage of peak force achieved between ERF (52.85 ± 11.53%; 54.99 ± 9.80%) and LRF (15.82 ± 5.58%; 15.25 ± 3.91%) for the left and right limbs, respectively (p < 0.001, g = 2.13–3.06). The large differences between ERF and LRF can be used by practitioners to streamline performance assessment, which in turn will allow practitioners to act upon data collected more effectively. Additionally, regular monitoring ERF production could inform practitioners of any interventions that maybe required, such as reduction of load or introduction of specific recovery modalities and during return to play protocols.
Blood Flow Restricted Resistance Exercise in Well-Trained Men: Salivary Biomarker Responses and Oxygen Saturation Kinetics
Authors: Eserhaut Drake A. , DeLeo Joseph M. , Fry Andrew C.
Published: August 2024

Eserhaut, DA, DeLeo, JM, and Fry, AC. Blood flow restricted resistance exercise in well-trained men: Salivary biomarker responses and oxygen saturation kinetics. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2024—Resistance exercise with continuous lower-limb blood flow restriction (BFR) may provide supplementary benefit to highly resistance–trained men. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare cardiovascular and salivary biomarker responses, along with skeletal muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) during passive lower-limb BFR (pBFR), BFR resistance exercise performed to task failure (BFR+RE), and volume-matched resistance exercise (RE). A within-subjects, repeated measures design was used. Nineteen men (x̄±SD: relative squat 1RM: 1.9 ± 0.3 kg·bw−1) reported for 3 visits. First, body composition, blood pressure, back squat, and leg extension 1 repetition maximums (1RM) were assessed. Resting systolic blood pressure and proximal thigh circumferences were used to estimate arterial occlusion pressures (eAOP). Visit 1 involved pBFR, where BFR cuffs were inflated to 80% eAOP around the proximal thighs for 10 minutes while subjects were seated in a leg extension machine. Then, 24–120 hours later, 4 sets of bilateral seated leg extensions at 30% 1RM were performed to momentary task failure with 1-minute rest at the same 80% eAOP. After 72–120 hours rest, subjects matched the repetition performances from BFR+RE at 30% 1RM for the RE condition. BFR+RE elicited greater (p ≤ 0.05) heart rates, systolic, and diastolic blood pressures relative to pBFR and RE. Significantly elevated (p ≤ 0.05) blood lactate, salivary cortisol concentrations, and α-amylase activity occurred following BFR+RE relative to pBFR and RE. BFR+RE also induced blunted (p < 0.001) SmO2 interset resaturation rates compared with RE. In trained men, continuous BFR+RE seems to significantly alter acute physiological responses to a greater degree than either pBFR alone or volume-matched RE.
Deceleration Capacity During Directional Change as a Time-Efficient (Ecological) Prescreening of Hip Adductor Force Status in Amateur Soccer Players
Authors: Miralles-Iborra Aaron , Del Coso Juan , De Los Ríos-Calonge Javier , Elvira Jose L. L. , Barbado David , Urban Tomas , Moreno-Pérez Victor
Published: August 2024

Miralles-Iborra, A, Del Coso, J, De Los Ríos-Calonge, J, Elvira, JLL, Barbado, D, Urban, T, and Moreno-Pérez, V. Deceleration capacity during directional change as a time-efficient (ecological) prescreening of hip adductor force status in amateur soccer players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2024—Reduced isometric adductor muscle strength has been identified as a modifiable risk factor contributing to injury in soccer players. However, the measurement of hip adductor muscle strength is habitually laboratory-based, with isolated hip movements that do not reflect soccer-specific movements that induce groin injury during match play. This study aimed to determine the usefulness of deceleration capacity during a change of direction (COD) as a time-efficient (ecological) prescreening of hip adductor force status in soccer players. Nineteen amateur soccer players completed unilateral isometric hip adductor strength assessments and a 180° COD test. Isometric hip strength assessment included the maximum peak torque (PT) and maximum rate of torque development (RTDmax) relative to players' body mass. Players' deceleration capacity during the COD test was determined for each leg through maximum deceleration normalized to the linear momentum. A linear regression analysis was performed to associate isometric hip strength variables with the deceleration capacity during the COD test at each leg. There was not a statistically significant association between deceleration capacity and hip isometric maximum PT of the dominant and nondominant legs (r ≤ 0.14, p > 0.05). Nevertheless, a moderate association was found between deceleration capacity and RTDmax for both legs (r ≥ 0.58, p < 0.05). The optimal linear regression model suggests that measuring deceleration capacity during a directional change test could explain RTDmax by 33 and 43% for the dominant and nondominant legs, respectively. During a 180° COD test, the deceleration capacity captured through GPS-accelerometer device was limited as a prescreening tool to evaluate hip adductor force status in soccer players.
The Strength and Power Profile of Junior and Senior Female Rugby League Athletes
Authors: Flannery Layne , Secomb Josh L. , West Millicent A. , Compton Heidi R. , Dascombe Ben J.
Published: August 2024

Flannery, L, Secomb, JL, West, MA, Compton, HR, and Dascombe, BJ. The strength and power profile of junior and senior female rugby league athletes. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2024—The purpose of this study was to compare the lower-body strength and power profiles of the various female rugby league (RL) competition levels, thereby establishing normative data for these athletes. Seventy-nine female RL athletes from 3 different competition levels: junior-state (n = 45, age: 17.5 ± 0.6 years), senior-state (n = 15, age: 24.3 ± 3.7 years), and senior-national (n = 19, age: 25.4 ± 4.0 years) participated in this study. All testing was completed in a single session at the beginning of preseason, with the following assessments performed: countermovement jump (CMJ), isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP), and bilateral and unilateral isometric hip adduction and abduction strength. One-way analyses of variance with Bonferroni post hoc analyses, revealed that junior-state athletes exhibited significantly lower IMTP peak force (PF) and relative PF (rPF), and CMJ height compared with the senior-state and senior-national athletes. Importantly, senior-national athletes demonstrated significantly greater body mass (80.9 ± 14.6 kg) than senior-state athletes (70.9 ± 8.1 kg), but no significant differences were identified between these athletes for any IMTP or CMJ measure. Finally, the senior-national athletes possessed significantly lower unilateral hip adduction rPF (0.13 ± 0.04 N·BW−1) and adduction to abduction strength ratio (0.92 ± 0.14) than senior-state athletes (0.17 ± 0.03 N·BW−1 and 1.04 ± 0.13, respectively), which may have implications for noncontact lower-body injury risk. This study highlights the importance of practitioners prescribing training to increase the lower-body strength and power of junior-state RL athletes. Whereas, for senior-state athletes progressing to senior-national levels, the focus should on maintaining or improving relative strength and power, while increasing their body mass to enhance preparedness for the greater contact demands at that level.
Effects of an 8-Week In-Season Explosive Power Training Program on Neuromuscular Performance and Lower-Limb Asymmetries in Young Male Soccer Players
Authors: Vasileiou Stylianos S. , Asimakidis Nikolaos D. , Dalamitros Athanasios A. , Manou Vasiliki
Published: August 2024

Vasileiou, SS, Asimakidis, ND, Dalamitros, AA, and Manou, V. Effects of an 8-week in-season explosive power training program on neuromuscular performance and lower limb asymmetries in young male soccer players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2024—This study analyzed the effects of incorporating 8 weeks of twice-weekly explosive power training on neuromuscular performance and lower-limb asymmetries applied to soccer. Thirty-five young male soccer players were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (EXP: n = 18; mean age: 13.7 ± 0.8 years; height: 166.9 ± 8.4 cm; body mass: 58.5 ± 12.8 kg) or the control group (CON: n = 17; mean age: 13.7 ± 0.9 years; height: 168.8 ± 9.1 cm; body mass: 58.0 ± 11.4 kg). Before (TP1) and after the training period (TP2) neuromuscular performance (countermovement jump [CMJ], 10 and 20 m sprint times [T10 and T20], change of direction ability [COD]) and lower-limb asymmetries (single-leg CMJ [SLCMJ]) were evaluated. The asymmetry index (AI) for COD and CMJ tests was also calculated. Significant differences (from TP1 to TP2) were revealed for all the tested parameters in the EXP group (1.50–4.9%, p < 0.00 to 0.12, effect size [ES] = −0.44 to 0.27). For the CON group, T10, T20 505 for nondominant limb and SLCMJ performances for both limbs were significantly improved (0.85 to 1.5%, p < 0.00 to 0.21, ES = −0.36 to 0.37). Finally, the AI remained relatively unchanged for both tests and groups (1.28–3.33%, p = 0.162–0.521). These results indicate that adding twice-weekly explosive power training for 8 weeks can improve neuromuscular performance and reduce lower-limb asymmetries to a greater degree than soccer training alone in young male soccer players.
Jump Squat Vs. Resisted Sprint Training Programs Applied to Elite Youth Soccer Players: Effects on Sprint and Power-Related Performance
Authors: Loturco Irineu , Pereira Lucas A. , Mercer Valter P. , Oliveira Lucas P. , Zanetti Vinicius , Lima Lucas , Bastos Thiago , Moura Túlio B. M. A. , McGuigan Michael R.
Published: August 2024

Loturco, I, Pereira, LA, Mercer, VP, Oliveira, LP, Zanetti, V, Lima, L, Bastos, T, Moura, TBMA, and McGuigan, MR. Jump squat vs. resisted sprint training programs applied to elite youth soccer players: effects on sprint and power-related performance. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2024—This study examined the effectiveness of 2 different and widely used training programs on the sprint and power-related performance of youth soccer players. Two distinct training strategies—vertically oriented jump squats (JSs) or horizontally oriented resisted sprints (RSs)—were executed under the same absolute loading conditions (i.e., 30% of the athletes’ body mass [BM]) during a 4-week preseason period. Training schemes, loading intensities (based on %BM), and the number of experimental sessions were designed in conjunction with the soccer club’s coaching staff, considering the calendar, available resources, and regular training programs. Twenty-five under-17 soccer players performed a series of speed, power, and jump tests before and after 10 resisted training sessions, consisting solely of loaded JS or RS. Overall, neither group (i.e., JS or RS training groups) exhibited any improvement in linear sprint and change-of-direction (COD) speed. Conversely, vertical jumping ability and peak velocity in the loaded JS increased significantly only in the JS group, which may positively affect players’ performance and training prescription during short soccer preseasons. Given the challenges in enhancing sprint speed among soccer players during preseasons (and even over the competitive season), coupled with the limited effectiveness of RS in improving sprinting, COD, and jumping capabilities within congested and short training phases (i.e., ≤4 weeks), the regular use of RS training methods during these phases may be highly questionable. Coaches should carefully consider these critical limitations and potential disadvantages when designing neuromuscular training programs for soccer players during the preparatory phases of the annual training season.
Scientific Assessment of Agility Performance in Competitive Sports: Evolution, Application, Reliability, and Validity
Authors: Ye Jiachi , Cheng Rui , Gao Binghong , Wang Yi , Wang Yuzhu
Published: August 2024

This systematic review aimed to analyze the evolution, reliability, and validity of agility testing in athletes. The results indicated the necessity of prioritizing reactive agility (RA) as the primary focus in the scientific assessment of athletes' agility performance. The cutting and “stop and go” tests were the most widely used agility tests, utilizing light or human random signals as stimuli. Overall, the agility tests demonstrated that high reliability and poor agility performance could be predictive indicators of higher sports injury rates. Convergent validity between the agility and change of direction speed (CODS) tests was moderate. Agility tests could also differentiate athletes with different performance levels and age groups. Future practitioners should focus on customizing the “gold standard” agility tests for specific sports, which includes evaluating the reliability and validity of these tests.
Educação linguística e ensino de gramática na educação básica
Authors: Pilati Eloisa , Reigota Naves Rozana , Guerra Vicente Helena , Salles Heloisa
Published: August 2024

Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir a questão do estudo gramatical na educação básica, tomando-se como referência os pressupostos da linguística moderna.  Para tanto, propõe-se uma metodologia baseada em projetos, que privilegia a formulação de hipóteses e o raciocínio inferencial sobre dados linguísticos, tendo-se como pressupostos, por um lado, a capacidade do educando de ler, interpretar e produzir enunciados e, por outro, a natureza inata do conhecimento linguístico. O artigo aborda três aspectos específicos do ensino de língua portuguesa – transitividade, regência verbal, e ordem de palavras –, mostrando questões com que os professores deparam ao utilizar a norma e a nomenclatura tradicionais e buscando apresentar uma proposta alternativa de trabalho pedagógico com a gramática, pautado no conceito de competência linguística.
Os primeiros anos de uma professora de inglês na escola pública
Authors: Antônia de Assis-Peterson Ana , Maria Norberto da Silva Eladyr
Published: August 2024

Este artigo apresenta a história de uma professora de inglês em seus primeiros anos de atuação profissional na escola pública. Primeiramente, os problemas e desafios enfrentados por ela são desvelados com o propósito de relacionar seu saber vivencial com o entendimento de pesquisadores que investigam a indução e socialização de professores iniciantes no local de trabalho. Ademais, alguns aportes teóricos contemporâneos já utilizados na área da Linguística Aplicada são retomados para explicar as frustrações da professora em relação à não participação dos alunos e ao convívio insatisfatório com os colegas de trabalho. Em seguida, discute-se a queixa da professora em relação ao curso de Letras, que, a seu ver, não lhe ofereceu ferramentas para lidar com o relacionamento tensional com seus alunos. Ao final, perspectivas teóricas de base sociocultural são relembradas, como orientações para auxiliar formadores nos cursos de formação inicial a preparar seus alunos para os primeiros anos de ensino.
Unveiling the Surge in Corruption: A Menacing Threat to Indonesia's Stability in Anti-Corruption Law Reform
Authors: Ramada Diandra Preludio , Utari Indah Sri
Published: August 2024

This study delves into the persistent challenges of corruption in Indonesia despite extensive anti-corruption initiatives. By examining the multifaceted modus operandi across various institutions, we uncover the menacing threat corruption poses to the stability of the nation. The analysis explores structural, cultural, instrumental, and management barriers hindering anti-corruption measures, emphasizing the urgent need for comprehensive reforms. Drawing insights from Law Number 31 of 1999, which classifies corruption actions, including bribery and conflicts of interest, this research underscores the gravity of corruption's impact on state finances, politics, and the economy. To effectively combat this menace, we propose a strategic approach, including the redesign of public services, enhanced transparency, oversight, and sanctions, and the empowerment of mechanisms supporting corruption prevention. In light of these findings, the study advocates for an integrated law enforcement strategy, international cooperation, and harmonized regulations to strengthen Indonesia's resolve in anti-corruption efforts. The proposed reforms aim not only to curb corruption but also to fortify the stability of the nation, reflecting a crucial step towards a more transparent and accountable governance system.
Evaluation Study of the Chancery Court (Balai Harta Peninggalan) as a Bankruptcy Curator
Authors: Wijayanta Tata , Adistia Sheva Trisanda , Leonardus Rado F. , Hermawan B.E.
Published: August 2024

Article 15 of Law Number 34 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Obligations for Payment of Debt (UUK PKPU) states that in a bankruptcy declaration decision, a Curator and a Supervisory Judge must be appointed from the Commercial Court judges. The curator has the authority to manage and receive bankruptcy assets. The curators referred to under Article 70 paragraph (1) of the PKPU UUK are the Trustees' Office (BHP) and the Individual Curator (Curator). The results of previous research conducted by Pandu Yudha Pratama (2016) and Sheva Trisanda Adistia and Tata Wijayanta (2023) show that BHP is not widely appointed as administrator and receiver of bankruptcy assets in bankruptcy decisions handed down by commercial courts. This paper seeks to identify and evaluate the duties and powers of BHP as bankruptcy curator. This research is normative legal research, and the type of research is library research. The type of data used is secondary data obtained from literature studies. Methods and tools for collecting research data, namely document studies for secondary data. The data obtained will be analyzed using qualitative methods and presented descriptively. The results of the study show that the appointment of BHP as bankruptcy curator is much less than that of Curator. Optimization that can be done by BHP is to improve the quality of Human Resources and resolve the obstacles experienced in carrying out their duties as bankruptcy curator.
Optimizing the Health System Through Increasing Health Service Guarantees in the Context of Fulfilling Human Rights Post the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia
Authors: Situmeang Sahat Maruli Tua , Pudjiastuti Diah
Published: August 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact, especially in the health sector. Health facilities and personnel play a key role in handling this pandemic. The importance of improving the quality of health services does not only depend on regulations, but also structure and culture as an interconnected system. This pandemic has been an important lesson, highlighting the readiness and quality of health services. Community resilience emphasizes the need for health protection as a state responsibility and a constitutional right of citizens. In facing the future, the role of the state, regulations and systems will be crucial in managing the health of its citizens in a sustainable manner. Using normative juridical research methods, the results of the analysis show that the state has full authority through the formation of regulations, infrastructure, improving the quality of human resources, and regulating the health system. This step aims to increase guarantees of public health services and fulfill citizens' human rights in the future.
Development of Integrity Zone Towards Corruption-Free (WBK)/Clean Bureaucracy (WBBM) at Work Unit Law Faculty UNNES
Authors: Niravita Aprila , Dahlan Tri Andari , Anitasari Rahayu Fery , Setiawan Andry , Ningsih Ayup Suran
Published: August 2024

Regulation of the Minister of State Apparatus Empowerment and Bureaucratic Reform Number 25 of 2020, which underlines the 2020-2024 Bureaucratic Reform Road Map, guides the government's efforts to realize world-class government. The goal of bureaucratic reform is to achieve three main conditions: a clean and accountable bureaucracy, a capable bureaucracy, and optimal public services. The Faculty of Law at Universitas Negeri Semarang(UNNES) is one of the units committed to achieving high standards of integrity. This requires structuring good governance, optimal public services, and high integrity for all human resources at the Faculty of Law. Therefore, this study aims to examine the readiness of the Faculty of Law in building Integrity Zones, especially in achieving Free from Corruption Areas (WBK) and Clean and Serving Bureaucratic Areas (WBBM). This research uses doctrinal or normative research methods with concept and case approaches. Legal materials are collected through the study of documents and presented systematically following legal issues and research problems. Then it is analyzed qualitatively juridically. The results of the study identify strategies used by the Faculty of Law to build Integrity Zones towards WBK and WBBM. In addition, this study also identifies the strengths and weaknesses of the Faculty of Law in achieving these goals. This in-depth understanding of the readiness of the Faculty of Law in bureaucratic reform is expected to guide improving bureaucratic performance and integrity at the faculty level.
The Locating Chromatic Number for Amalgamation of Some Complete Graphs
Authors: Yulianti Amanah , Asmiati Asmiati , Hamzah Nur , Notiragayu Notiragayu
Published: August 2024

The locating chromatic number of a graph is a combination of partition dimension and vertex coloring, where every two adjacent vertices are in different color classes, and all vertices have a unique color code. The amalgamation of a ≥ 2 complete graphs (K_n, n≥ 3) denoted by aK_n is obtained by identifying one vertex from each complete graph. In this paper, we present a novel study, a topic that has not been extensively explored in previous research, on locating chromatic numbers for the amalgamation of complete graphs aK_n for 2 ≤ a ≤ 6 and n≥ 3.Keywords: locating chromatic number, partition dimension, vertex coloring, color code, amalgamation of  complete graph. AbstrakBilangan kromatik lokasi graf merupakan penggabungan dari  dimensi partisi  dan pewarnaan titik, yang mana setiap dua titik bertetangga berada dalam kelas warna yang berbeda dan semua titik mempunyai kode warna yang unik. Amalgamasi dari a ≥ 2 buah graf lengkap (K_n, n≥ 3) dinotasikan dengan aK_n  diperoleh dengan cara menyatukan satu titik dari setiap graf lengkap . Pada paper ini didiskusikan hasil yang belum ada sebelumnya, yaitu bilangan kromatik lokasi amalgamasi graf lengkap aK_n untuk 2 ≤ a ≤ 6 dan n≥ 3 .Kata Kunci: bilangan kromatik lokasi, dimensi partisi, pewarnaan titik, kode warna, amalgamasi graf lengkap. 2020MSC: 05C12, 05C15
Performance Analysis of Robust Functional Continuum Regression to Handle Outliers
Authors: Ismah Ismah , Erfiani Erfiani , Wigena Aji Hamim , Sartono Bagus
Published: August 2024

Robust functional continuum regression (RFCR) is an innovation as a development of functional continuum regression that can be applied to functional data and is resistant to outliers. The resistance of RFCR depends on the applied weighting function. This study aims to evaluate the RFCR performance to handle outliers. We propose the various weighting functions in this evaluation, i.e., Huber, Hampel, Ramsay, and Tukey (Bisquare), which do not eliminate or give zero weight to observed data identified as outliers. This contribution is essential to determining the appropriate RFCR method without eliminating the outlier data. The result shows that the RFCR performance with the Huber weighting function is better than the others, based on the goodness of fit, consisting of the root means square error of prediction (RMSEP), the correlation between the actual data and the model, and the mean absolute error (MAE).Keywords: functional data analysis; Huber weighted function; Hampel weighted function; Ramsay weighted function; Tukey (Bisquare) weighted function. AbstrakRegresi kontinum fungsional kekar (RFCR) merupakan inovasi yang merupakan pengembangan dari regresi kontinum fungsional yang dapat diaplikasikan pada data fungsional dan tahan terhadap outlier. Resistansi RFCR bergantung pada fungsi pembobotan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja RFCR. Kami mengusulkan beberapa fungsi pembobotan dalam evaluasi tersebut, yaitu Huber, Hampel, Ramsay, dan Tukey (Bisquare), dengan tidak menghilangkan atau memberikan bobot nol pada data observasi yang teridentifikasi sebagai outlier. Kontribusi ini penting untuk menentukan metode RFCR yang tepat tanpa menghilangkan data outlier. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kinerja RFCR dengan fungsi pembobotan Huber lebih baik dibandingkan fungsi pembobotan lain berdasarkan goodness of fit, yang terdiri dari root mean square error of prediksi (RMSEP), korelasi antara data aktual dan model, dan mean kesalahan absolut (MAE).Kata Kunci: analisis data fungsional; fungsi berbobot Huber; fungsi tertimbang Hampel; fungsi tertimbang Ramsay; fungsi berbobot Tukey (Bisquare). 2020MSC: 62J99, 62R10
Perception and uses about mammals in México: a literature review
Authors: Flores-Santiago Iván , Baena Martha L. , A. Delfín-Alfonso Christian , Silva-Rivera Evodia , Pérez-Chacón José Luis
Published: August 2024

The negative effects of human activity on wildlife populations in ecosystems must be addressed not only from an ecological perspective but also from a social approach. One way is through studying the perception of human communities that have frequent interactions with wildlife. We conducted a systematic literature review to understand Mexican rural and urban communities' perceptions of wild mammals using web search engines. Of 321 studies found on this topic, only 77 met our criteria and were therefore useful for analysis. We presented data of causes of perception in different states of Mexico where the studies were carried out. We found that positive perception was significantly associated with the use of fauna, mainly in the rural environment, followed by the ecological importance in both urban and rural environments. In negative perception we did not find a significant association between these variables, but we did find a tendency to perceive fauna as dangerous. Mammal species mentioned in the articles reviewed were also classified by size, and their association with negative or positive perception. We found that the species with a positive perception with the highest number of mentions in the literature were the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus), raccoon (Procyon lotor), paca (Cuniculus paca) and collared peccary (Dicotyles tajacu). Species with negative perception were the Coyote (Canis latrans), white-nosed coati (Nasua narica), Gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) and long-tailed weasel (Mustela frenata). In rural environments perception of wild mammals was related to the uses, and in urban areas depends on the information acquired at school. These differences play a fundamental role in forming attitudes and behaviors towards wild mammals. Because perceptions and uses of wildlife can influence conservation efforts, educational programs should highlight the important role of wild mammals within their ecosystems.
Approach to Diagnosis of TFE3-rearranged Renal Cell Carcinoma in a Limited Resource Setting: A Case Report
Authors: Lombridas Pagarigan Allison Kaye , Delos Reyes-Murillo Pamela , Sienes Carbonell Dennis Jose
Published: August 2024

This report recounts the diagnostic workup of a pediatric female who presented with hematuria secondary to a large renal mass visualized on abdominal imaging. Histologic assessment and subsequent immunohistochemistry studies were performed. Intense, unequivocal immunohistochemical expression of TFE3 and alpha-methylacyl-CoA-racemase with corresponding negativity for carbonic anhydrase IX, along with highly distinctive clinical, radiologic, gross, and microscopic findings confirmed the diagnosis of a renal cell carcinoma with TFE3 gene rearrangement – the first ever reported case in the Philippines. This case highlights the vital role and significant diagnostic impact of reliable, affordable and accessible immunohistochemistry studies in low-resource settings where molecular modalities for evaluating rare diseases are largely unavailable. Recognition of distinctive morphologic, immunohistochemical, and cytogenetic features in childhood and adolescent renal malignancies allows for the timely institution of therapeutic interventions for this aggressive entity.
THE NAFLD THREAT IN HYPOTHYROID PATIENTS
Authors: Alam Mohammad Saquib
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTIONNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a rapidly progressing condition with a concerning rise in prevalence. Studies suggest a potential association between NAFLD and hypothyroidism, another prevalent condition. However, in the Indian context, not much has been reported on this association. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of NAFLD in a cohort diagnosed with hypothyroidism at our hospital.
METHODOLOGYWe conducted a hospital-based, cross-sectional observational study. Patients with confirmed hypothyroidism based on established criteria (elevated TSH with normal or low T4) were recruited. Standardized diagnostic tools for NAFLD were employed, including liver ultrasound to assess the grade of fatty infiltration and Fibro Scan® to measure liver stiffness. Descriptive statistics were used to report the prevalence of NAFLD within the hypothyroid population.
RESULTA total of 120 patients with hypothyroidism participated (87.2% female, ages 15-66 years, majority 21-50 years). Over half (51.3%) had overt hypothyroidism. We observed a prevalence of NAFLD of 46.7% (31.6% Grade 1 fatty liver, 15% Grade 2) on ultrasound. Notably, the prevalence of NAFLD was higher in overt hypothyroidism (43.5% Grade 0, 32.3% Grade 1, 24.2% Grade 2) compared to subclinical hypothyroidism (62% Grade 0, 31% Grade 1, 7% Grade 2). Fibro Scan® revealed 65% with no fibrosis (F0-F1), 18.3% with F2 fibrosis, and 16.7% with F3 fibrosis. Statistical analysis showed a positive correlation between TSH levels and both NAFLD severity on ultrasound and liver fibrosis on Fibro Scan®.
CONCLUSIONThis study investigated the co-occurrence and potential association of NAFLD in patients with hypothyroidism. We found a high prevalence of NAFLD (46.7%) and a positive correlation between TSH levels and NAFLD severity/fibrosis. These findings suggest a potential link between hypothyroidism and NAFLD. Further research is warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic implications.
ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG MULTI-ETHNIC PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS CONSULTING AT TERTIARY HOSPITALS
Authors: Goh QingCi , Tong ChinVoon , Rajoo Subashini
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTIONAdrenal insufficiency (AI) is one of the most common potentially life-threatening endocrine complications in people living with HIV/AIDS. This study aims to describe AI among them, where data on this topic are scarce.
METHODOLOGYA cross-sectional study was conducted at the Infectious Diseases clinics of two tertiary centres. A total of 110 stable adults living with HIV/AIDS, aged 18 to 80 years old from the outpatient setting, were recruited. Clinical and laboratory data were collected and cosyntropin stimulation tests were performed. Adrenal antibody was analysed among those who had an inadequate response.
RESULTThe mean age of the studied population was 37.5 ± 10.6 years. Majority of the subjects were male (81.8%). Only 23.6% of subjects had a normal BMI, with 10.9% classified as underweight and 64.5% as overweight/obese. The mean disease duration was 6.6 ± 6.2 years. All subjects were receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), with a mean treatment duration of 4.9 ± 4.2 years. Among these, 22 individuals (20%) experienced treatment failure, and 46 individuals (41.8%) had a history of opportunistic infections. Five individuals (4.5%) had autoimmune disease. The mean nadir CD4 count among the studied population was 202 cells/mm3 , with 60% of them having a nadir CD4 <200 cells/mm3 . At the time of the cosyntropin stimulation test, the majority of individuals, 97 (88.2%), had a viral load (VL) <40 copies/ml, and 89 (89.1%) had a CD4 count >200 cells/mm3 . In the assessment for adrenal insufficiency, 7 individuals (6.4%) exhibited symptoms suggestive of adrenal insufficiency. However, only 2 individuals (1.8%) were found to have an inadequate response to cosyntropin. Adrenal antibodies were negative, and ACTH was not elevated in these two patients.
CONCLUSIONThis study reveals a low prevalence of AI (1.8%) among stable patients with HIV/AIDS on antiretroviral therapy. Individualized screening and ongoing monitoring are crucial. These findings emphasize the importance of tailored care strategies for this population.
VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IN PATIENTS WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Warman Nur ‘Aini Binti Eddy , Shah Fatimah Zaherah Mohamed , Mohamad Aimi Fadilah , Zainordin Nur Aisyah , Awang Mohd Hazriq , Koshy Marymol , Razali Mazuin Mohd , Ghani Rohana Abdul
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTIONLow vitamin D levels have been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Insulin resistance, inflammation and oxidative stress have been suggested to be responsible for the development of NAFLD. These mechanisms are linked to vitamin D’s anti-inflammatory effect. Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among patients with T2DM and NAFLD and is an independent risk factor for developing NAFLD in patients with T2DM.
METHODOLOGYThe study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of vitamin D deficiency in patients with NAFLD and T2DM. We conducted a cross-sectional study in patients with T2DM (n=110). The patients were divided into 2 groups: NAFLD (n=86) and no NAFLD (n = 24). The patients within the NAFLD group were further divided into 2 groups (vitamin D deficient and non-deficient). Serum total 25 (OH) D3 was analysed using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (Roche), and deficiency was defined as a level of <50 nmol/L. Diagnosis of NAFLD was based on the abdominal ultrasound performed by 2 experienced radiologists. Steatosis was defined as increased liver echogenicity.
RESULTThe prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with T2DM and NAFLD was 52.3% (45/86), as compared to only 33.8% (8/24) in those without NAFLD. Vitamin D level was significantly lower in patients with NAFLD as compared to those without NAFLD (51.53 ± 19.68 vs 60.61 ± 20.25, p <0.05). There was no difference in the age (57.74 ± 8.42 vs 57.96 ± 7.97 years, p = 0.91), gender (male 55.7% vs 70.8%, p = 0.18), BMI (28.99 ± 3.80 vs 28.24 ± 3.74 kg/m2 , p = 0.40), and diabetes duration (12.43 ± 7.92 vs 10.42 ± 6.51, p = 0.25), between the 2 groups. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that HbA1c (AOR 1.89; 95%CI 1.15-3.09; p = 0.01) and vitamin D deficiency were the independent risk factors for NAFLD (AOR 3.15 95%CI 1.10-9.04; p = 0.03), after adjustment for age, gender, diabetes duration and eGFR.
CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated a high prevalence of vitamin D Deficiency in patients with NAFLD and T2DM. In patients with T2DM, those with vitamin D deficiency were three times more likely to develop NAFLD. Vitamin D levels of <50 nmol/L and higher HbA1c were the two independent risk factors for developing NAFLD.
GLUCOCORTICOID WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME MASQUERADES AS UNEXPLAINED PERSISTENT FEVER
Authors: Wong Wei Ton , Hadie Dian Fitria binti Abdul
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUNDWith the availability of over-the-counter medicine, individuals have turned to the convenient means of receiving their supply of medicine instead of thorough physician consultation. Steroids are one of the over-the-counter medicines that are often used inappropriately to manage chronic pain. When steroids are used at supraphysiological doses for a prolonged period, it suppresses the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. In this review, we present a case of unexplained persistent fever which responds miraculously to steroids.
CASEA 77-year-old male with underlying type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and degenerative spine disease presented with a 3-day history of diarrhea, abdominal pain, poor appetite and altered mental status. Skin examination shows skin thinning and multiple bruises. X-rays, imaging and CT scan were unremarkable. One week after hospitalization, he developed a fever, which was attributed to thrombophlebitis of the left forearm. Multiple antibiotics were infused: IV Ceftriaxone, IV Piperacillin / Tazobactam, IV Meropenem, IV Vancomycin and T Doxycycline. There is no positive culture, aside from the urine culture growing Enterococcus faecalis, susceptible to Vancomycin. Still, the fever persisted until the trial of IV hydrocortisone 100 mg TDS for the possibility of fever caused by glucocorticoid withdrawal syndrome. After 1 full day of IV hydrocortisone, the fever resolved.
CONCLUSIONUnexplained fever remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. A full workup of fever does not reveal the source of infection. Despite multiple antibiotics, fever does not settle until introduction of glucocorticoid. With suggestive history of chronic pain, skin thinning and remarkable response to glucocorticoid, glucocorticoid withdrawal syndrome is one the causes of unexplained persistent fever that we should all not miss.
Effectiveness of a virtual reality relaxation to correct symptoms of depression, anxiety, emotional and cognitive disorders in patients with heart failure
Authors: Osmolovskaya Yu. F. , Petrukhina A. A. , Aksenova Yu. O. , Zhirov I. V. , Beniashvili A. G. , Morozova M. A. , Tereshchenko S. N.
Published: August 2024

Aim. To study the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) relaxation to correct symptoms of depression, anxiety, emotional and cognitive disorders in patients with heart failure (HF).

Material and methods. The study included 100 patients with HF aged 21 to 83 years. A main group of 58 people was randomly selected, each of whom received a course of 5 daily VR sessions of a relaxation program. Patients in the control group underwent VR sessions containing distracting visual images without a relaxation program. During the study, mental status of all patients was assessed using questionnaires sensitive to the cognitive and emotional areas.

Results. After completing five daily VR sessions with a relaxation program, patients with HF noted a decrease in stress (p=0,031) and improved sleep (p=0,002), and 2 days after completing the VR course — improved well-being (p=0,006), mood (p=0,001), sleep (p=0,003) and decreased stress (p=0,005). In addition, patients in the main group had improved daily activities (p=0,004), pain/discomfort (p=0,007), anxiety/depression (p=0,016) and general well-being (p=0,009).

Conclusion. VR relaxation is effective for reducing stress, improving mental status and cognitive functioning in patients with HF.