bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can Proper Funding Enhance Sustainable Tourism in Rural Settings? Evidence from a Developing Country
Authors: Radović Gordana , Petrović Marko D. , Demirović Bajrami Dunja , Radovanović Milan , Vuković Natalia
Published: September 2020

Rural tourism is often considered to be a factor in the development tendencies of rural space, a factor in the development of agriculture, as well as a factor in reducing rural depopulation. The primary aim of the research was to look at the problems in financing sustainable rural tourism in the case study of Serbia. The secondary one was to analyze the factors that may influence the self-financing capacity of rural tourism service providers. The findings confirmed the main hypothesis that financial resources are a significant limitation of the development of sustainable rural tourism. It was found that there is a high correlation between the amount of income generated and the structure of the workforce. The results verified that rural tourism entities were not making sufficient investments due to lack of financial resources, i.e., adequate financing modalities. It can be concluded thatin order to develop sustainable rural tourism, financial investments are needed, both at the level of service providers and at the macro level.
A New Approach to Identifying a Multi-Criteria Decision Model Based on Stochastic Optimization Techniques
Authors: Kizielewicz Bartłomiej , Sałabun Wojciech
Published: September 2020

Many scientific papers are devoted to solving multi-criteria problems. Researchers solve these problems, usually using methods that find discrete solutions and with the collaboration of domain experts. In both symmetrical and asymmetrical problems, the challenge is when new decision-making variants emerge. Unfortunately, discreet identification of preferences makes it impossible to determine the preferences for new alternatives. In this work, we propose a new approach to identifying a multi-criteria decision model to address this challenge. Our proposal is based on stochastic optimization techniques and the characteristic objects method (COMET). An extensive work comparing the use of hill-climbing, simulated annealing, and particle swarm optimization algorithms are presented in this paper. The paper also contains preliminary studies on initial conditions. Finally, our approach has been demonstrated using a simple numerical example.
Antibiofilm Activity of Acidic Phospholipase Isoform Isolated from Bothrops erythromelas Snake Venom
Authors: Nunes Ellynes , Frihling Breno , Barros Elizângela , de Oliveira Caio , Verbisck Newton , Flores Taylla , de Freitas Júnior Augusto , Franco Octávio , de Macedo Maria , Migliolo Ludovico , Luna Karla
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Bacterial resistance is a worldwide public health problem, requiring new therapeutic options. An alternative approach to this problem is the use of animal toxins isolated from snake venom, such as phospholipases A2 (PLA2), which have important antimicrobial activities. Bothropserythromelas is one of the snake species in the northeast of Brazil that attracts great medical-scientific interest. Here, we aimed to purify and characterize a PLA2 from B. erythromelas, searching for heterologous activities against bacterial biofilms. Methods: Venom extraction and quantification were followed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) in C18 column, matrix-assisted ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectrometry, and sequencing by Edman degradation. All experiments were monitored by specific activity using a 4-nitro-3-(octanoyloxy) benzoic acid (4N3OBA) substrate. In addition, hemolytic tests and antibacterial tests including action against Escherichiacoli, Staphylococcusaureus, and Acinetobacterbaumannii were carried out. Moreover, tests of antibiofilm action against A. baumannii were also performed. Results: PLA2, after one purification step, presented 31 N-terminal amino acid residues and a molecular weight of 13.6564 Da, with enzymatic activity confirmed in 0.06 µM concentration. Antibacterial activity against S. aureus (IC50 = 30.2 µM) and antibiofilm activity against A. baumannii (IC50 = 1.1 µM) were observed. Conclusions: This is the first time that PLA2 purified from B. erythromelas venom has appeared as an alternative candidate in studies of new antibacterial medicines.
PA from a Recent H9N2 (G1-Like) Avian Influenza A Virus (AIV) Strain Carrying Lysine 367 Confers Altered Replication Efficiency and Pathogenicity to Contemporaneous H5N1 in Mammalian Systems
Authors: Mostafa Ahmed , Mahmoud Sara H. , Shehata Mahmoud , Müller Christin , Kandeil Ahmed , El-Shesheny Rabeh , Nooh Hanaa Z. , Kayali Ghazi , Ali Mohamed A. , Pleschka Stephan
Published: September 2020

Egypt is a hotspot for H5- and H9-subtype avian influenza A virus (AIV) infections and co-infections in poultry by both subtypes have been frequently reported. However, natural genetic reassortment of these subtypes has not been reported yet. Here, we evaluated the genetic compatibility and replication efficiency of reassortants between recent isolates of an Egyptian H5N1 and a H9N2 AIV (H5N1EGY and H9N2EGY). All internal viral proteins-encoding segments of the contemporaneous G1-like H9N2EGY, expressed individually and in combination in the genetic background of H5N1EGY, were genetically compatible with the other H5N1EGY segments. At 37 °C the replication efficiencies of H5N1EGY reassortants expressing the H9N2EGY polymerase subunits PB2 and PA (H5N1PB2-H9N2EGY, H5N1PA-H9N2EGY) were higher than the wild-type H5N1EGY in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK-II) cells. This could not be correlated to viral polymerase activity as this was found to be improved for H5N1PB2-H9N2EGY, but reduced for H5N1PA-H9N2EGY. At 33 °C and 39 °C, H5N1PB2-H9N2EGY and H5N1PA-H9N2EGY replicated to higher levels than the wild-type H5N1EGY in human Calu-3 and A549 cell lines. Nevertheless, in BALB/c mice both reassortants caused reduced mortality compared to the wild-type H5N1EGY. Genetic analysis of the polymerase-encoding segments revealed that the PAH9N2EGY and PB2H9N2EGY encode for a distinct uncharacterized mammalian-like variation (367K) and a well-known mammalian signature (591K), respectively. Introducing the single substitution 367K into the PA of H5N1EGY enabled the mutant virus H5N1PA-R367K to replicate more efficiently at 37 °C in primary human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells and also in A549 and Calu-3 cells at 33 °C and 39 °C. Furthermore, H5N1PA-R367K caused higher mortality in BALB/c mice. These findings demonstrate that H5N1 (Clade 2.2.1.2) reassortants carrying internal proteins-encoding segments of G1-like H9N2 viruses can emerge and may gain improved replication fitness. Thereby such H5N1/H9N2 reassortants could augment the zoonotic potential of H5N1 viruses, especially by acquiring unique mammalian-like aa signatures.
The Emergence of a vv + MDV Can Break through the Protections Provided by the Current Vaccines
Authors: Shi Meng-ya , Li Min , Wang Wei-wei , Deng Qiao-mu , Li Qiu-hong , Gao Yan-li , Wang Pei-kun , Huang Teng , Wei Ping
Published: September 2020

Marek’s disease (MD) is an infectious malignant T-cell lymphoma proliferative disease caused by Marek’s disease virus (MDV). In recent years, the emergence of very virulent (vv) and/or very virulent plus (vv +) strains of MDV in the field has been suggested as one of the causes of vaccination failure. The pathogenicity of the MDV strain GX18NNM4, isolated from a clinical outbreak in a broiler breeder flock that was vaccinated with CVI988/Rispens, was investigated. In the vaccination-challenge test, GX18NNM4 was able to break through the protections provided by the vaccines CVI988 and 814. It also significantly reduced body weight gain and caused marked gross lesions and a large area of infiltration of neoplastic lymphocyte cells in the heart, liver, pancreas, etc. of the infected birds. In addition, the expressions of programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), in the spleens and cecal tonsils (CTs) of the unvaccinated challenged birds were significantly increased compared to those in the vaccinated challenged birds, indicating that the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is related to immune evasion mechanisms. The results showed that the GX18NNM4 strain could cause severe immunosuppression and significantly decrease the protections provided by the current commercial vaccines, thus showing GX18NNM4 to be a vv + MDV strain.
Special Issue: “Plant Virus Pathogenesis and Disease Control”
Authors: Falk Bryce W. , Nouri Shahideh
Published: September 2020

Plant viruses are emerging and re-emerging to cause important diseases in many plants that humans grow for food and/or fiber, and sustainable, effective strategies for controlling many plant virus diseases remain unavailable [...]
Influenza–Host Interplay and Strategies for Universal Vaccine Development
Authors: Hwang Hye Suk , Chang Mincheol , Kim Yoong Ahm
Published: September 2020

Influenza is an annual epidemic and an occasional pandemic caused by pathogens that are responsible for infectious respiratory disease. Humans are highly susceptible to the infection mediated by influenza A viruses (IAV). The entry of the virus is mediated by the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein that binds to the cellular sialic acid receptors and facilitates the fusion of the viral membrane with the endosomal membrane. During IAV infection, virus-derived pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are recognized by host intracellular specific sensors including toll-like receptors (TLRs), C-type lectin receptors, retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) either on the cell surface or intracellularly in endosomes. Herein, we comprehensively review the current knowledge available on the entry of the influenza virus into host cells and the molecular details of the influenza virus–host interface. We also highlight certain strategies for the development of universal influenza vaccines.
Dynamic Evaluation of Sustainable Water Resource Systems in Metropolitan Areas: A Case Study of the Beijing Megacity
Authors: Du Chaoyang
Published: September 2020

Increasing water scarcity has made it difficult to meet global water demands, so the sustainable use of water resources is an important issue. In this study, the sustainable water resource system (SWRS) operating mechanism is discussed, considering three components: dynamics, resistance and coordination. According to the SWRS operating mechanism, a universal indicator system with three layers, including goal, criterion, and index layers, is constructed for SWRS evaluation. Additionally, considering the fuzziness of threshold values for grading standards, an SWRS evaluation model is constructed based on the set pair analysis (SPA), analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and attribute interval recognition methods. This model is conceptually simple and convenient. An evaluation indicator system is constructed for the SWRS in Beijing, and evaluation standards with five grades are established. The dynamics of the sustainability of the Beijing SWRS and corresponding operating mechanism are analyzed using the SPA evaluation model. The results suggest that the three components of the operating mechanism all have positive effects on the Beijing SWRS state, but the SWRS state has not yet been fundamentally changed. Therefore, considerable improvements can be achieved regarding the sustainability of the Beijing SWRS.
Occult Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Hemodialysis Patients: An Iranian Experience
Authors: Taherpour Sedigheh , Javanmard Davod , Ziaee Masood
Published: September 2020

Background: Patients with chronic kidney failure and those undergoing chronic hemodialysis (CHD) treatment are at high risk of infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). The incidence of occult HCV infection (OCI) in CHD remains controversial and the real burden of HCV in this population may be affected by the rate of OCI. This study evaluates the molecular assessment of OCI in CHD in an Iranian population. Methods: All subjects on CHD in the South Khorasan province of Iran were invited for participation in the study. Whole blood samples were taken and serological, clinical, and demographic information was recorded. HCV-RNAs were checked in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using an in-house semi-nested PCR assay. Viral load was determined using a real-time PCR-based quantification kit. Sequencing was performed to determine genotypes. Results: Overall, 120 cases participated in the study; 57.5% were male and the rest were female. In serum samples, no positive case was found for HCV-RNA. In PBMC samples, 2/120 (1.6%) were positive for HCV-RNA (95% CI, 0.002 to 0.059); the mean age of OCI positive cases was 37.5 ± 19.2 years which was significantly lower than OCI negative cases (P = 0.026). Only one case had detectable viral load which was 49 IU/mL. The only HCV genotype identified was 1a. Conclusion: This study showed that there is a risk of OCI among CHD patients; the very low and undetectable viral loads of OCI warrant further follow-up molecular testing for earlier diagnosis and treatment in the era of DAA.
Designing a Community Forum Information System Using Web-Based RAD Method
Authors: Sany Nasril , S Achmad rachmat , N harefa Anggie grace
Published: September 2020

Nowadays it is inevitable in the development of the necessities of life, information technology that meets the requirements. There are programs that are made from a computer in making software. Community is a group of people who have the same taste and vision. The problem issued by the community is the large number of media that can accommodate every activity that can inform and can be seen by many people. Very limited media information provided is less updated and maintenance costs are very expensive compared via the website. Social communities are in dire need of information that supports and provides satisfying services for donors. Then a web-based community information system design was made. This design uses the RAD method. The stages of this RAD are covering information needs and interface requirements. Design phase of the interface design itself. This information system is designed to provide solutions as problems that exist in the community with a computerized system to be developed.
An Example of Sediment Quality Assessment Studies, Boğacık Creek (Giresun)
Authors: MUTLU Cengiz , BAYRAKTAR Ferhunde , VEREP Bülent
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the sediment quality of the Boğacık Creek, Giresun. For this purpose, the surface sediment samples from three different stations in the Boğacık Creek were collected monthly from March 2017 to February 2018. Heavy metals (Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) levels in sediment were determined using ICP-MS. Moreover, the sediment samples were also monitored for pH, EC, Water Content (%) and Organic Matter (%) variables. Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) and Enrichment Factor (EF) values calculated according to metal contents and differences between stations were investigated statistically.

In surface sediment samples, according to analysis results were obtained for the concentration ranges of the metals (ppm): Al: 44,74-9317, Cr: 4,879-22689, Mn: 127-454, Fe: 7632-14469, Co: 2,574- 7,639, Ni: 0,838-5,766, Cu: 4,900-29,248, Zn: 16,346-36,107, Cd: 0,063-0,488 and Pb: 13,966-50,584 and pH, EC, Na, K, Water Content (%) and Organic Matter (%) values varied between 6-7,3, 140-1770 mS/cm, 1,10-669,80 ppm, 3,50-11,335,10 ppm, 22,15-62,13, 2,5-19,74, respectively. The Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) of Sediment samples varied between Class 0 and Class 5, while enrichment factor (EF) values varied between 0,13 and 7,13.

As a result of this study, it was determined that the surface sediment samples of Boğacık Creek were exposed to enrichment of anthropogenic origin. For this reason, it is recommended that the Boğacık Creek, which flows into the Black Sea, be kept under control with a regular monitoring program.
META-ANALYSIS FOR EVALUATING THE EFFICIENCY OF GENOMIC SELECTION IN CEREALS
Authors: Rueda Calderón M. A. , Balzarini M. , Bruno C.
Published: September 2020

Genomic selection (GS) is used to predict the merit of a genotype with respect to a quantitative trait from molecular or genomic data. Statistically, GS requires fitting a regression model with multiple predictors associated with the molecular markers (MM) states. The model is calibrated in a population with phenotypic and genomic data. The abundance and correlation of MM information make model estimation challenging. For that reason there are diverse strategies to adjust the model: based on best linear unbiased predictors (BLUP), Bayesian regressions and machine learning methods. The correlation between the observed phenotype and the predicted genetic merit by the fitted model provides a measure of the efficiency (predictive ability) of the GS. The objective of this work was to perform a metaanalysis on the efficiency of GS in cereals. A systematic review of related GS studies and a meta-analysis, in wheat and maize, was carried out to obtain a global measure of GS efficiency under different scenarios (MM quantity and statistical models used in GS). The meta-analysis indicated an average correlation coefficient of 0.61 between observed and predicted genetic merits. There were no significant differences in the efficiency of the GS based on BLUP (RR-BLUP and GBLUP), the most common statistical approach. The increase of MM data, make GS efficiency do not vary widely. Key words: Systematic review; Random effects model; Forest plot; Predictive accuracy.
GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION THE STOCKS OF PROCHILODUS MAGDALENAE (PISCES: PROCHILODONTIDAE) USED IN STOCKING PROGRAMS IN COLOMBIA
Authors: de la Rosa J. , Fontalvo P.P. , Orozco-Berdugo G. , Narváez-Barandica J.C.
Published: September 2020

Prochilodus magdalenae is an endemic fish species of Colombia known as an important resource of commercial interest for many communities related to fishing activities as a livelihood activity. However, population deterioration has been observed in natural environments due to factors such as overfishing, fragmentation of ecosystems, among others. This makes it necessary to characterize the genetic diversity of P. magdalenae in the productive systems of some fish farms, which are used to restocking in other basins of Colombia and, thus, to propose technical and scientific criteria that allow the development of management strategies for the conservation of this species. Therefore, in 2013, caudal fin tissue was collected from 1044 individuals in seven fish farms, which were processed in the laboratory. Through the use of seven microsatellites, genetic metrics such as: observed and expected heterozygosity, number of alleles, fixation indexes, F statistics, Bayesian grouping and AMOVA were evaluated. We observed low heterozygosity, correlated with inbreeding processes, which contrast with the high values obtained in the expected heterozygosity index and the number of alleles detected in P. magdalenae productive systems. A moderate genetic differentiation between fish centers was detected and the existence of three genetic groups was observed through the Bayesian analysis. Despite the low diversity reported regarding the others species of the same genus, populations held in Bocachico captivity have the potential to restore the diversity of wild populations. Therefore, it is suggested that each fish station should establish batches of breeders separately, based on their genetic information so that there is congruence between the released individuals and those that inhabit the natural environment. Key words: Bocachico; Reophilic fish; Magdalena Basin; Genetic structure; Fish farms.
A vivacidade dos ambientes e das coisas nos contos de Breve cartografia de lugares sem nenhum interesse, de Marcílio França Castro
Authors: Farinaccio Pascoal
Published: September 2020

Este artigo propõe uma análise dos contos do livro Breve cartografia de lugares sem nenhum interesse (2011), de Marcílio França Castro, destacando a atenção dispensada pelos narradores aos ambientes e objetos ordinários que fazem parte da rotina das personagens. Ambientes e objetos que são respeitosamente (re)vistos e iluminados de tal maneira que ganham uma insuspeitada vivacidade, a qual enriquece as percepções de observadores sensíveis aos detalhes do mundo material em toda sua irredutível especificidade e carga simbólica.
Diagnostics of Lubrication System of Automotive-tractor Diesel Engines
Authors: Антропов Б.С. , Гумённый В.В. , Рудаков А.А. , Генералов В.А.
Published: September 2020

Рассмотрены неисправности системы смазки автотракторных дизельных двигателей, методы их обнаружения, причины возникновения и методы устранения. Установлено, что основные причины низкого давления в системе смазки двигателей связаны с нарушением правил их эксплуатации. Главными среди них являются применение масел, не соответствующих рекомендациям заводов-изготовителей, и недопустимая переработка масел до замены (не выдерживаются сроки замены масел и фильтрующих элементов в полнопоточных фильтрах системы смазки). Основной диагностический параметр системы смазки двигателя – это давление масла в главной магистрали при минимальных оборотах холостого хода. Указанное давление лимитирует работоспособность двигателя. Предельное его значение составляет 0,05÷0,06 МПа (0,5÷0,6 кгс/см2). При достижении этого значения двигатель должен быть остановлен для осуществления ремонта.

Faults of lubrication system of automotive-tractor diesel engines, methods of their detection, causes of occurrence and methods of elimination are considered. It has been established that the main causes of low pressure in the engine lubrication system are related to violation of the rules of their operation. The main ones are the use of oils that do not comply with the recommendations of the manufacturers, and unacceptable processing of oils before replacement (the terms of replacement of oils and filtering elements in full flow filters of the lubrication system are not maintained). The main diagnostic parameter of the engine lubrication system is oil pressure in the main line at minimum idle speed. Specified pressure limits engine performance. Its limit value is 0.05÷0.06 of MPaG (0.5÷0.6 of kgf/cm2). When this value is reached the engine must be stopped for repair.
Characteristics of the Growth and Development of pygmy rabbits using
the preparation «EM-Kurunga»
Authors: Пузина Е.Г.
Published: September 2020

Анализируется воздействие микробиологического препарата «ЭМ-Курунга» на рост и развитие карликовых кроликов первых трёх месяцев жизни. Исследуется влияние данного препарата на живую массу крольчат, гнезда, прирост живой массы, а также на индекс сбитости и показатели крови крольчат. В качестве объекта исследования выступили крольчата пород карликовый баран и карликовый заяц. Проведённые исследования показали, что подопытные животные отличались незначительным преимуществом при оценке прироста живой массы. При оценке живой массы гнезда прослеживается тенденция к незначительному увеличению под воздействием биологически активной добавки «ЭМ-Курунга». Индекс сбитости под воздействием препарата не изменился. Количество эритроцитов и гемоглобина у подопытных животных было выше, чем в контрольных группах. Все полученные данные свидетельствуют, что воздействие препарата на исследованные показатели незначительно и недостоверно.

The effect of the microbiological preparation "EM-Kurunga" on the growth and development of pygmy rabbits of the first three months of life is analyzed. The effect of this preparation on the live weight of infant rabbits, nests, body weight gain as well as on the blockiness index and blood values of infant rabbits is studied. The object of the study was infant rabbit of the pygmy ram and pygmy hare breeds. Conducted researches have shown that experimental animals had a slight advantage in assessing the body weight gain. When assessing the live weight of the nest, there is a tendency to slightly increase under the influence of the biologically active supplement "EM-Kurunga". The blockiness index under the influence of the preparation did not change. The numbers of red blood cells and hemoglobin in the experimental animals were higher than in the control groups. All the obtained data indicate that the effect of the preparation on the examined indicators is insignificant and unreliable.
Estudo da Acessibilidade em Ambientes de Lazer na Cidade do Natal/RN
Authors: Melo Francisco Ricardo Lins Vieira de , Brandão Débora Luciana dos Santos , Oliveira Laise Chaves de , Silva Larissa Raquel Klemig e , Santiago Lorenna Marques de Melo , Delgado Renata Nóbrega
Published: September 2020

As discussões sobre a inclusão social das pessoas com deficiência física na sociedade apontam para a importância de ambientes acessíveis que lhes permitam exercitar o direito de acesso aos diferentes espaços sociais. Diante disso, objetivou-se verificar a acessibilidade de alguns espaços de lazer na cidade do Natal/RN. O estudo descritivo foi realizado em ambientes de lazer – praias, parques, cinemas e teatros – que foram avaliados através de um roteiro composto de 14 itens que consistem em estruturas físicas de acesso aos espaços. Observou-se que os cinemas foram os que possuíam melhores condições de acesso seguido dos parques. Concluiu-se que os ambientes de lazer avaliados necessitam de melhorias para permitir que as pessoas com deficiência física ou mobilidade reduzida exerçam sua cidadania nos espaços de lazer.
EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL E TECNOLÓGICA (EPT)
Authors: Lorenzet Deloíze , Andreolla Felipe , Paludo Conceição
Published: September 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo retomar alguns diálogos considerados essenciais acerca da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica e os desafios que inserem a mesma na relação entre trabalho/educação, formação/educação do ser humano e qualificação. O estudo utiliza como principais referenciais teóricos Marx, Frigotto, Ramos e Ciavatta. A organização desta pesquisa envolve características da pesquisa bibliográfica e de estudo de caso. Didaticamente, está estruturalmente subdividida em dois momentos: o primeiro momento diz respeito ao resgate da História da Educação Profissional no Brasil, seu processo de construção e sua atualidade. O segundo momento realiza uma abordagem salientando as relações que a Educação Profissional e Tecnológica estabelece com os direitos ao trabalho - educação, a partir de uma pesquisa de campo com alguns estudantes, em um Curso Técnico Subsequente, num Instituto Federal, localizado na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre. Ao retomarmos as principais conclusões obtidas, pontua-se: 1) recentemente houve uma expansão sem precedentes na história da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica federal na sociedade brasileira; 2) a Educação Profissional e Tecnológica está diretamente integrada e sofre influências do padrão de acumulação, que vem se modificando ao longo da história; 3) os estudantes acreditam na Educação Profissional e Tecnológica para o avanço nas condições de produção de suas vidas; 4) a Educação Profissional e Tecnológica deve ser democratizada, num caráter igualitário, irrestrito, e deve seguir com condições dignas para seu desenvolvimento, com o intuito de oportunizar a emancipação humana.
PRODUÇÃO ASSOCIADA, EDUCAÇÃO E CULTURA DO TRABALHO
Authors: Cabral Cristiano , Caetano Edson
Published: September 2020

A produção da vida na comunidade tradicional camponesa São Manoel do Pari se concretiza na produção material e imaterial tanto na unidade produtiva familiar quanto na produção associada e de saberes tradicionais e da experiência. Produções estas que determinam historicamente os fundamentos para uma cultura do trabalho inerente a esta comunidade. Este presente artigo faz parte da pesquisa de doutorado do Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisa sobre Trabalho e Educação (GEPTE), o qual está vinculado ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação (PPGE) da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT). Ainda, esta pesquisa se utiliza do método materialismo histórico dialético e de elementos da pesquisa participante, utilizando de instrumentos como entrevistas, observação, fotos, oficinas e documentos. O objetivo deste artigo é refletir a produção da vida das famílias desta comunidade tradicional, à qual possui uma organização produtiva associada, coletiva e solidária, construindo e reconstruindo saberes tradicionais, da experiência e, ainda, uma pedagogia da produção associada e uma pedagogia da solidariedade, determinações históricas embasadoras da cultura do trabalho.
CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO PELO TRABALHO E A POSSIBILIDADE DE APRENDIZAGEM DE CONCEITOS CIENTÍFICOS
Authors: Razuck Fernando Barcellos , Razuck Renata Cardoso de Sá Ribeiro
Published: September 2020

Este trabalho enfatiza a importância da relação entre a educação pelo trabalho e a contextualização no processo de aprendizagem de conceitos científicos. Tem como princípio selecionar estratégias que facilitem a interação dos conceitos químicos com o cotidiano dos alunos, enfocando os aspectos sociais e econômicos pertinentes à sua realidade. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido em uma escola pública de uma cidade-satélite do Distrito Federal, com alunos da modalidade de Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA). Inicialmente, os alunos do 1º Ano do Ensino Médio preencheram um questionário referente às aulas de Química. Os resultados iniciais sugerem uma falta de contextualização na abordagem dos conteúdos, o que se reflete em um baixo interesse pela disciplina. Após a realização de atividades práticas (oficinas), os alunos foram submetidos a um novo questionário. A partir da contextualização com aspectos relacionados à realidade do aluno, verificou-se uma significativa mudança com relação à aprendizagem dos conceitos científicos e ao interesse demonstrado em sala de aula.
Assessment of Soil loss Tolerance limit to Latosol, Argisol and Cambisolin the southern Minas Gerais state
Authors: Lense Guilherme Henrique Expedito , Moreira Rodrigo Santos , Parreiras Taya Cristo , Silva Luis Felipe Pigatto Miranda , Teodoro Alexandre Elias de Miranda , Santana Derielsen Brandão , Bolelli Talyson Melo , Mincato Ronaldo Luiz
Published: September 2020

Soil Loss Tolerance (T) reflects the maximum erosion rate that still allows a sustainable level of crop production. The T limit can be used to support the conservationist land-use planning and to propose erosion mitigation measures. In this context, we aim to determine the Soil Loss Tolerance limit to different soil classes located at the Coroado Stream Subbasin, southern Minas Gerais, Brazil. The soil classes of the subbasin area was classified as Dystrophic Red Latosols - LVd (90.0%), Eutrophic Red-Yellow Argisols - PVAe (5.4%), and Dystrophic Tb Haplic Cambisols - CXbd (1.9%). The following attributes were used to determine the T limits: texture, depth, density, permeability, and organic matter. To analyzing these parameters, we collect soil samples at 18 points distributed along the subbasin area. T values ranged from 4.75 to 7.40 Mg ha-1 year-1, with the lowest limit observed for CXbd (4.75 Mg ha-1 year-1). These results indicate that the Cambisol should be prioritized in the adoption of conservation practices to reduce water erosion and to maintain soil loss levels at acceptable rates. Latosols, Argisols, and Cambisols are the most common soils in the Brazilian territory. Thus, the results provided by the work can be used as a reference to monitoring the erosion process and evaluate the sustainability of agricultural activities in Brazil.
Análises física e fisiológica de sementes de Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg e Eugenia involucrata DC. (Myrtaceae) em diferentes temperaturas e substratos
Authors: Carvalho Bruno Santiago , Felix Francival Cardoso , Matos Daniele Cristina Pereira , Kratz Dagma
Published: September 2020

Estudos voltados para os aspectos físicos de sementes e desempenho germinativo de espécies florestais nativas é de relevante interesse para tecnologistas de sementes e viveiristas. Por isso, objetivou-se avaliar a germinação de sementes de C. xanthocarpa e E. involucrata em diferentes temperaturas e substratos, bem como mensurar as características físicas e biométricas de suas sementes. Biometria, grau de umidade (GU) e peso de mil sementes (PMS) compuseram os aspectos físicos avaliados. Os testes de germinação foram conduzidos em três temperaturas (20, 25 e 30 °C) e três substratos (areia, vermiculita e papel mata-borrão) para C. xanthocarpa; e três temperaturas (20, 25 e 30 °C) e dois substratos (areia e vermiculita) para E. involucrata; avaliando-se aspectos de viabilidade e vigor de sementes. Os PMS para C. xanthocarpa e E. involucrata foram de 35,0 g (GU=25,6%) e 471,5 g (GU=52,1%), com 24.783 e 2.121 sementes por quilograma cada. As dimensões das sementes de C. xanthocarpa são 7,97 x 5,55 x 2,02 mm, e 12,81 x 10,02 x 7,49 mm em E. involucrata. A germinação e expressão do vigor em sementes de C. xanthocarpa e E. involucrata foram favorecidas nas temperaturas de 30 e 25 °C, limiar em que se obteve menores tempos médio de germinação (4,4 e 9,3 dias) e maiores índices de velocidade de germinação (4,8 e 1,3), com viabilidade de 99 e 76%. Portanto, a germinação de sementes de C. xanthocarpa e E. involucrata deve ser conduzida em substrato de vermiculita e temperaturas de 30 e 25 °C, respectivamente.
Technical feasibility of forest management
Authors: Campos Patrícia Noscilene Silva , Cordeiro Natielle Gomes , Pereira Kelly Marianne Guimarães , Assis Adriana Leandra de , Araújo Júnior Carlos Alberto , Cabacinha Christian Dias
Published: September 2020

The Cerrado domain is considered as one of the global hotspots, although studies upon management in this vegetation type have many gaps in the forest literature. Thus, it’s important to propose viable alternatives to its use. This study aimed to evaluate the technical feasibility of forest management in a legal reserve of cerrado sensu stricto in Minas Gerais state, as support to the local increased demand for firewood. A forest inventory was applied from systematic samplings of 10 plots, based on the diameter criteria at 0.30 m above ground (DAG) ≥ than 5 cm. The Shannon diversity index (H') and Pielou's equability (J) were used. Furthermore, diametric distribution models and the diameter classes were evaluated by De Liocourt quotient. We observed that the Shannon diversity was 2.61 nats.ind-¹ and the Pielou (J) equability was 0.74. The De Liocourt quotient showed a non-constant mean value of 1.97 between the diameter classes. None of the fitted models showed results likewise the frequency observed in the study. The total wood volume estimated was 2,189.6765 m³. The study area possibly suffered anthropic interventions, resulting both low volumetric yield and species diversity. Thus, the forest management to the legal reserve area was considered unfeasible, as it does not present technical sustainability.
VIRUSINĖS C HEPATITO INFEKCIJOS IR 2 TIPO CUKRINIO DIABETO KOMORBIDIŠKUMAS
Authors: Masilionis Tomas , Vargalis Paulius , Kiltinavičius Raimondas
Published: September 2020

C hepatitas yra virusinė infekcija, kuri sukelia kepenų pažeidimą. Šios ligos eiga pradžioje besimptomė, tad žmogus, nesijausdamas sergantis, gali ja užkrėsti kitus. Jei užsikrėtus šiuo virusu sergama besimptome ligos forma daugiau nei 6 mėnesius, ji dažniausiai pereina į lėtinę, kuri gali iš lėto progresuoti į kepenų cirozę ir sukelti hepatocitų karcinogenezę. Taip gali susiformuoti hepatoceliulinė karcinoma (HCC). Progresuodama C hepatito viruso (HCV) infekcija gali paveikti kitas gretutines ligas, ar netgi sukelti naujų. Viena iš tokių ligų yra 2 tipo cukrinis diabetas (CD2). Darbo tikslas – išsiaiškinti C hepatito viruso sukeltos infekcijos ir 2 tipo cukrinio diabeto sąsajas. Straipsnių paieška atlikta PubMed, BioMed Central duomenų bazėse. Naudotos raktažodžių kombinacijos: diabetes mellitus, hepatitis C virus extrahepatic manifestations. Rezultatai atskleidė, kad sergantiems HCV sukelta ciroze ir hepatoceliuline karcinoma, CD2 rizika didesnė. HCV labiau paplitęs tarp sergančiųjų CD2. Manoma, kad CD2 išsivystymas HCV sergantiems pacientams siejamas su β ląstelių disfunkcija arba autoimuniniu kasos pažeidimu. Rezistentiškumas insulinui skatina sergančiųjų HCV infekcija kepenų pažaidos bei HCC karcinomos vystymąsi, nepriklausomai, išsivystęs CD2 ar ne. Sergantiems cukriniu diabetu ir HCV turintiems pacientams ženkliai didėja HCC progresavimo rizika, kuri blogina gyvenimo kokybę. Svarbi kuo ankstyvesnė šių ligų diagnostika ir profilaktika, nutukimo, dislipidemijos korekcija bei alkoholio vartojimo ribojimas. Į prevencinius patikrinimus turėtų būti dažniau įtrauktas gliukozės kiekio matavimas kraujyje bei periodinis gliukozės tolerancijos mėginys. Tai sumažintų ne tik CD2, bet ir HCC išsivystymo riziką. Nustatyta, kad sėkmingas HCV gydymas gali sumažinti susirgimo cukriniu diabetu riziką. Ilgą laiką sėkmingai gydant interferonu ar tiesiogiai veikiančiais priešvirusiniais preparatais, pastebėta CD2 regresija. Lyginant HCV gydymą interferonais ir tiesiogiai veikiančiais priešvirusiniais preparatais, geresnė CD2 kontrolė gauta, kuomet pacientai buvo gydomi tiesiogiai veikiančiais priešvirusiniais preparatais.
AKIŲ PRIEŽIŪRA INTENSYVIOSIOS TERAPIJOS SKYRIUJE
Authors: Kanapeckas Laurynas , Marčiulionytė Vita , Vargalis Paulius
Published: September 2020

Mokslinėje literatūroje daugėja įrodymų, jog intensyviosios terapijos skyriuose (ITS) medikai, sutelkę veiksmus į gyvybę palaikančias intervencijas, apleidžia kritinės būklės pacientų akių priežiūrą. Šiuose skyriuose gydomi sunkios būklės pacientai, dažnai be sąmonės, jiems taikoma sedacija, todėl reikšmingai susilpnėja fiziologiniai akių apsauginiai mechanizmai (išnyksta mirksėjimo refleksas, nevisiškai užmerkiamos akys, sutrinka ašarų išsiskyrimas bei ašarų plėvelės funkcija) ir padidėja akių ligų rizika. Šiame darbe analizuojamos mokslinės publikacijos, kuriose aprašytos dažniausiai ITS nustatomos akių ligos ar būklės: ekspozicinė keratopatija, chemozė, mikroorganizmų sukelti keratitai ar konjunktyvitai. Rasta publikacijų apie akių priežiūrą, patologijų prevenciją. Apibendrinus rezultatus, padarytos išvados, jog akių pažeidimai ITS yra dažni, jų galima išvengti ar sumažinti riziką, pritaikius akių priežiūros protokolus. Dažniausiai patogenai patenka ant junginės ir ją kolonizuoja, atliekant intervencijas, kurių metu iš kvėpavimo takų išsiskiria aerozoliai. Įvertinus atliktus tyrimus, pastebėta, jog barjeriniai akių tvarsčiai iš polietileno laikomi efektyviausia prevencine priemone, siekiant išvengti akių paviršiaus pažeidimo, lyginant su įprastiniais metodais, kai akys užmerkiamos ir užklijuojamos pleistru. Rasta publikacijų, įrodančių, jog organizuojant ITS darbuotojų edukacijos programas, galima užtikrinti kokybišką akių priežiūrą ir išvengti dažniausių akių ligų pasireiškimo.
AN INTERACTION BETWEEN CHRONIC PROSTATITIS AND SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR
Authors: Pečiulytė Greta , Jonušienė Giedrė , Žemaitis Laurynas , Skaudickas Darijus
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate symptoms, sexual function, personality traits and peculiarities of sexual behaviour in men with chronic prostatitis.

The study included men aged 20-45 (n=81). Investigation group included 24 men with chronic prostatitis and the control group included 52 generally healthy men. The surveys, which were not filled in properly, were excluded from the statistical analysis (n=5). All the participants completed the survey describing socio-demographic factors, chronic prostatitis symptoms (NIH-CPSI), sexual function (BMSFI) and personality traits (B5PQ).

There have been found correlations between the influences of symptoms on everyday activities, sexual drive, overall satisfaction, problem assessment, neuroticism and the score of pain. Neuroticism trait differed between the investigation group (score – 18.88±5.32) and the control group (score – 15.39±4.83) (p=0.007). Odds ratio for suffering from chronic prostatitis (95% CI) was 5.077 (1.634-15.772) (p=0.005) of men having dominant neuroticism trait, 3.429 (1.176-9.994) (p=0.024) of men having ≤11 problem assessment score and 3.200 (1.124-9.113) (p=0.029) of men having overall satisfaction score. There masturbated 44.4% of men scoring ≥3 and 100.0% of men scoring for BMSFI overall satisfaction (in age group 35 to 44) (p=0.038). In this age group 100.0% of investigation group and 36.4% of control group masturbated (p=0.017).

There are correlations between the symptoms of chronic prostatitis, sexual function, personal traits and peculiarities of sexual behaviour. Neuroticism is dominant trait among chronic prostatitis patients. Neuroticism, worse problem assessment and low satisfaction indicate higher chances of having chronic prostatitis. Men, aged 35-44 years, complaining of low satisfaction or being already diagnosed with chronic prostatitis are more tend to masturbate.
I TIPO CUKRINIO DIABETO SĄSAJA SU IDIOPATINIU JUVENILINIU ARTRITU VAIKŲ AMŽIUJE
Authors: Gečaitė Gintarė , Šnipaitienė Aušra , Malinauskas Mantas , Jankauskaitė Lina
Published: September 2020

Darbo tikslas − įvertinti, susisteminti ir išanalizuoti mokslinėje literatūroje pateikiamus duomenis apie vaikų 1 tipo cukrinio diabeto (CD) sąsajas su idiopatiniu juveniliniu artritu. Šioje sisteminėje apžvalgoje išanalizuoti 32 viso teksto straipsniai. Remiantis atrinktų straipsnių rezultatų duomenimis, galima teigti, kad 1 tipo CD dažniau pasireiškia pacientams, sergantiems juveniliniu idiopatiniu artritu, nei bendrai populiacijai.
KAUNO MIESTO SAVIŽUDYBIŲ PREVENCIJOS MODELIO PAGALBOS TEIKĖJŲ POŽIŪRIS Į TEIKIAMOS PAGALBOS VEIKSMINGUMĄ
Authors: Digrytė-Šertvytienė Laura , Pranckevičiūtė Lina , Kuzmarskienė Gerda
Published: September 2020

Tikslas – atskleisti specialistų, teikiančių Kauno miesto savižudybių prevencijos modelio paslaugas, požiūrį į teikiamą pagalbą ir jos veiksmingumą.

Tyrimo metodika. Tyrimas atliktas naudojant kokybinę tyrimo strategiją 2019 metų birželio-rugpjūčio mėnesiais su įstaigų, kuriose teikiamos Kauno miesto savižudybių prevencijos modelio paslaugos, specialistais. Pusiau struktūruotame interviu užduoti klausimai apie požiūrį į pagalbos, teikiamos pagal Kauno miesto savižudybių prevencijos modelio veiklas, veiksmingumą, pagalbos teikimo iššūkius, naudojamas įveikas, pagalbos teikimą Kauno gyventojams, esant savižudybės grėsmei. Duomenys analizuoti taikant indukcinę teminę analizę.

Rezultatai ir išvados. Išanalizavus 11 specialistų interviu ir įvertinus pagalbos teikėjų požiūrį į pagalbos teikimą, pastebėtas pagalbos veiksmingumas, nustatyti jos teikimo trikdžiai ir su pagalbos teikimu susiję poreikiai. Veiksmingumą parodė veiksmingesnis paslaugų organizavimas ir plėtra, paslaugų sistemingumo, prieinamumo, informuotumo apie pagalbos teikimą ir specialistų bendradarbiavimo didėjimas. Teikiamos pagalbos trikdžiai susiję su pagalbos teikimu ir organizavimu, ribotu poreikių tenkinimu, nepakankamu paslaugų prieinamumu ir informuotumu apie psichinę sveikatą. Su pagalbos teikimu susiję poreikiai aprėpia paslaugų koordinavimo tęstinumo, pagalbos teikėjų profesinio tobulėjimo ir pervargimo prevencijos, informuotumo apie psichikos sveikatą ir paslaugų plėtros bei bendradarbiavimo stiprinimą.
INTEGRUOTOS PAGALBOS MODELIO PAIEŠKOS EPILEPSIJA SERGANTIEMS IR RAIDOS SUTRIKIMŲ TURINTIEMS VAIKAMS BEI JUOS AUGINANČIOMS ŠEIMOMS
Authors: Šedienė Polina , Jurkuvienė Ramunė , Butkevičienė Rūta , Danusevičienė Lina , Gajdosikienė Indrė
Published: September 2020

Epilepsija – lėtinis, įvairių priežasčių nulemtas neurologinio pobūdžio sutrikimas. Trečdalis epilepsija sergančių vaikų turi raidos sutrikimų. Tokios būklės vaikams reikalinga ilgalaikė priežiūra, kurią užtikrina tėvai. Paprastai daugiausia dėmesio skiriama epilepsijos medicininiams aspektams, tačiau tyrimai rodo, kad stigmatizacija bei negatyvios ligos įveikimo strategijos, naudojamos vaikų ir jų artimųjų, kartais sukelia vaiko gyvenimui dar sunkesnių padarinių, nei pati liga, todėl situacija tampa sunkiai pakeliama našta tėvams. Siekiant pagerinti tokių šeimų gyvenimo kokybę, naujausiuose tyrimuose daug dėmesio skiriama paciento ir jo šeimos poreikių analizei. Lietuvoje atliktas kokybinis tyrimas, skirtas išsiaiškinti poreikius, reikalingus pagalbos modeliui konstruoti. Apklausta 12 mamų, auginančių epilepsija sergančius sutrikusios raidos vaikus. Tyrimas atskleidė, kad tėvams svarbus su vaiko sveikatos būkle ir priepuolių stabilizavimu susijusių poreikių tenkinimas, tačiau ne mažiau svarbūs vaiko ugdymo ir socializacijos poreikiai bei psichoemocinė ir socialinė parama. Tėvai dažnai jaučiasi vieni su savo problemomis, nepaisant įvairių sistemų jiems teikiamų paslaugų. Būdinga, kad sergantys vaikai ir šeimos, užuot integravęsi į visuomenę, atsiriboja nuo jos. Jei pagalba bei paslaugos šeimoms, auginančioms epilepsija sergančius sutrikusios raidos vaikus, būtų teikiamos remiantis į vaiko ir šeimos poreikius orientuotu modeliu, susiejančiu sveikatos, ugdymo ir socialines sistemas (integruojant jas tiek horizontaliai, tiek vertikaliai), šių šeimų ir vaikų (jaunuolių) situacija pagerėtų. Kaip vienas pagrindinių integruotos pagalbos modelio elementų straipsnyje pristatomas specializuotas epilepsijos psichosocialinio konsultavimo centras.
CHONDROITINO, GLIUKOZAMINO PREPARATŲ IR INTRASĄNARINIŲ HIALURONO RŪGŠTIES INJEKCIJŲ REIKŠMĖ OSTEOARTRITO GYDYMUI
Authors: Vargalis Paulius , Medišauskas Kipras , Kanapeckas Laurynas
Published: September 2020

Osteoartritas (OA) yra viena iš labiausiai paplitusių lėtinių ligų ir pagrindinė negalios priežastis pasaulyje. Osteoartrito gydymo nesteroidiniais vaistais nuo uždegimo, gliukokortikoidais, fizioterapija, svorio mažinimu, pagalbinėmis priemonėmis (įtvarais ir kt.) veiksmingumas yra neabejotinas, tačiau daug diskusijų kelia tam pačiam tikslui plačiai naudojamos intrasąnarinės hialurono rūgšties injekcijos bei maisto papildai, tokie kaip chondroitinas, gliukozaminas. Sąnarinio skysčio sudėtyje svarbus hialurono rūgšties vaidmuo. Manoma, kad papildomai vartojant šias medžiagas, pagreitės kremzlės atsikūrimas. Chondroitino sulfato poveikis buvo stebėtas įvairiuose klinikiniuose tyrimuose, vertinant simptomų koregavimo galimybes ir jo audinių struktūros modifikavimo poveikį. Simptomų malšinimas sergant kelių OA, buvo stebimas vartojant chondroitiną ir gliukozaminą. Nors gamintojai teigia, jog įvairūs preparatai su minimais glikozaminoglikanais pasiekia terapinę dozę ir turi teigiamą poveikį, jų veiksmingumas OA gydymui, terapinės koncentracijos plazmoje pasiekimas ir biologinis įsisavinamumas yra moksliškai pagrįstas tik esant patentuotai kristalizuotai gliukozamino sulfato (pCGS) ir farmacinės kokybės chondroitino sulfato medžiagos formai. Vienas iš gydymo atrankos kriterijų intrasąnarinėms hialurono rūgšties injekcijoms yra neinvazyvaus gydymo efekto nebuvimas, esant klinikinių ir radiologinių OA požymių. Intrasąnarines hialurono rūgšties injekcijas rekomenduoja tarptautinė OA tyrimų bendruomenė (OARSI) Europos Sąjungos lygos prieš reumatą (EULAR) gairėse. Pranešta, kad daugelyje tyrimų intrasąnarinės hialurono rūgšties injekcijos sumažino skausmą ir pagerino sąnario funkciją. Gliukozamino, chondroitino ir hialurono rūgšties preparatų yra daugybė, tačiau siekiant geriausio klinikinio efekto, reikia atsižvelgti į moksliškai pagrįstas farmacines formas ir sudėtį.