bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐147: A Fast Response Time and Wide‐Viewing‐Angle Transflective Display Using Polymer‐Stabilized Blue‐Phase Liquid Crystal
Authors: Song Chengqun , Wang Qiong‐Hua , Cui Jian‐Peng , Zhou Feng , Li Da‐Hai
Published: July 2011

A fast response time, wide viewing angle and single‐cell‐gap transflective display using a polymer‐stabilized blue‐phase liquid crystal is proposed. The transmissive region has an in‐plane wall‐shaped electrode while the reflective region has an in‐plane trapezoid electrode. The transmissive and reflective regions have similar gamma curves.
P‐214L: Late‐News Poster: Color Dispersion of a Blue Phase Liquid Crystal
Authors: Jiao Meizi , Yan Jin , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: July 2011

Color dispersion of a polymer‐stabilized blue phase liquid crystal (BPLC) is investigated. The measured Kerr constant decreases as the wavelength increases. The VT curves of an IPS‐based BP‐LCD are similar to those of a vertical‐aligned nematic cell. This dispersion property is important for adjusting the RGB gamma settings.
P‐153: High Birefringence Fluoro‐terphenyls for Thin‐cell‐gap LCDs
Authors: Chen Yuan , Xianyu Haiqing , Sun Jie , Wu Shin‐Tson , Liang Xiao , Tang Hong
Published: July 2011

Two series of high birefringence fluoro terphenyl compounds are investigated. A binary mixture M1, instead of each individual compound, is found to have predictable properties when mixed with other host mixtures. Doping M1 to a low birefringence TFT mixture improves the figure of merit by 2–3X.
P‐154: Natural Chiral Dopant D‐Limonene for Active Matrix Bistable Cholesteric Displays
Authors: Zola Rafael S. , Yang Young‐Cheol , Yang Deng‐Ke , Chen Heng‐Yin , Hsu Chien‐Chih , Chen Chih‐Jen , Liang Chao‐Chiun , Cheng Kung‐Lung
Published: July 2011

We used the Natural Chiral Dopant D‐Limonene in the recently developed driving scheme for reflective cholesteric active matrix displays. Since the scheme is based on the transition to the homeotropic state and a relaxation from homeotropic to planar, cholesteric materials with low viscosity and low elastic constants are extremely desirable. It turns out that the properties induced by D‐Limonene to the cholesteric mixture are very suitable for such a drive scheme. We show it can be used for 60Hz frame video ratio operation with better performance than a cholesteric without it.
14.4: Polarizer Glasses Type 3‐D TVs having High Image Quality with Active Retarder 3‐D Technology
Authors: Jung Sung‐Min , Lee Young‐Bok , Park Hyung‐Ju , Park Jin‐Woo , Jeon Wook , Choi Seung‐Kyu , Lee Dong‐Hoon , Jeong Woo‐Nam , Kim Jeong‐Hyun
Published: July 2011

In this paper, we proposed active retarder 3‐D TVs based on in‐plane switching liquid crystal displays having high image quality of full resolution with polarizer glasses. By designing the optical structure and driving scheme including backlight system, we developed the prototype of 47″ full HD AR 3‐D TV. A black to white 3‐D crosstalk was measured to be less than 2.5% and an average gray to gray 3‐D crosstalk was minimized to be less than 2.0% by the help of over driving technology. From the result, we believe that our AR 3‐D technology is suitable for TV application with a comfortable polarizer glasses having full resolution and clear 3‐D images.
P‐157: Twisted‐nematic LCD Switchable between Dynamic and Memory Modes
Authors: Song Dong Han , Kim Ki‐Han , Kim Jung‐Wook , Kim Jae Chang , Yoon Tae‐Hoon
Published: July 2011

We propose a reflective TN device switchable between the dynamic and memory modes. It can be operated in either the dynamic or memory mode depending on the application. The proposed mode uses the selective switching among the −90° twist, +90° twist, and vertical alignment states. Operation of the proposed device in the dynamic mode is same as the conventional TN cell. In the memory mode, the permanent memory characteristics of the −90° and +90° twist states can be obtained.
P‐161: A Mono/Dual‐View Switchable LCD
Authors: Chen Chao Ping , Guo Xiaojun , Su Yikai , Chung Te‐Chen , Jen Tean‐Sen
Published: July 2011

We present an optical device capable of displaying in two distinct viewing modes, i.e. mono‐view and dual‐view modes. The mono‐view mode only renders the display a joint viewing cone, while the dual‐view mode could allow two faces of the display viewed at opposite directions to show different image/video content simultaneously.
14.5L: Late‐News Paper: Comparisons Between a Liquid Crystal Refractive Lens and a Diffractive Lens for 3D Displays
Authors: Lu Lu , Shi Lei , Bos Philip J. , van Heugten Tony , Duston Dwight
Published: July 2011

A Liquid crystal lens with tunable focus is a good candidate for optical correction in 3‐D displays. In this paper, we aim to compare the optical performance of a liquid crystal diffractive lens with a refractive lens for the effect of incident wavelength variations from the design values. Based on our simulation results, the designed refractive lens has a better optical performance than the designed diffractive lens, however the response time is slower. Specifically, the, response time, tunable range, electrode designs, and optical efficiency are discussed.
P‐167: Characteristics of Polymer Light Emitting Diode with Solution Processed Graphene Oxide Layer
Authors: Youn Jun Ho , Lee Yeon Il , Moon Hie Tae , Baek Su Jin , Jang Jin
Published: July 2011

We used the graphene oxide (GO) as the hole transport layer (HTL) in polymer light emitting diode (PLED). Driving voltage and current efficiency of device with GO layer are 7.2 V and 5.2 cd/A, respectively. And those of device with PEDOT:PSS HIL are 6.1 V and 7.5cd/A, respectively. The driving voltage and efficiency of PLED with GO layer are much better than those without HIL. Because of its inorganic and neutrality unlike PEDOT:PSS, the PLED using a GO layer can be more stable compared to conventional PLED with PEDOT:PSS.
P‐172: Optical Lithography in Vacuum for Microstructuring of Small Molecules
Authors: Gross Harald , Burghart Markus , Willkommen Udo , Zschieschang Erwin
Published: July 2011

In this paper, we describe a new kind of lithography for microstructuring of small molecules in vacuum utilizing glass masks with a patterned film. First p‐ and n‐type organic transistors have been successfully fabricated on silicon and glass substrates with a diameter of 150mm, respectively. Simulations regarding a roll‐to‐roll production show the potential for high material yields at high throughput on large and flexible substrates.
P‐181: Device Parameters Determination by Numerical Model Fitting for Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) using Impedance Spectroscopy Measurement
Authors: Hirai Tadahiko , Waber Karl , Li Juo‐Hao , Bown Mark , Ueno Kazunori
Published: July 2011

We have developed a numerical fitting methodology which enables the determination of device parameters for OLEDs from impedance spectroscopy (IS) measurement, temperature dependence measurement and dark injection space charge limited current (DI‐SCLC) measurements. In our method, carrier mobility is estimated from DI‐SCLC, density of state (DOS) and interface state density are obtained from model fitting of real/imaginary part of capacitance measured by IS, barrier height of interface is estimated by modified Schottky model fitting of temperature dependence current‐voltage (I—V) measurements. Using this approach we have determined barrier heights, DOS, interface state densities, carrier mobilities and Richardson factors for each interface and layer in OLED devices. In case of the ITO/NPD interface, barrier height, DOS, interface state density and ent methods for extraction of device parameters such as carrier mobility, density of state (DOS), barrier height.1–17

In these methodologies impedance spectroscopy (IS) is a useful tool for evaluating relaxation, transport and injection in various organic devices.4,9–17 Usually IS measurements allow the determination of equivalent circuits, DOS and carrier mobility of the organic semiconductor layers.

In order to determine the carrier injection behaviour, we propose a numerical model and model fitting method included interface state density (Dit) for IS measurement results of hole‐only devices (HOD) and electron‐only devices (EOD). Therefore, a recombination model is also proposed for the negative capacitance behaviour of OLEDs.

Naito et. al. 18have also proposed a numerical model included DOS of organic semiconductor for OLEDs. We obtain DOS from Naito's model and Dit from our model. Dit is expected to be a key parameter of the device degradation mechanism.
P‐184: Application of Deep Micromachining of Silicon Substrates to Realize a Novel Electrochromic Based Projection Display
Authors: Amirsolaimani Babak , Azimi Soheil , Mohajerzadeh Shams
Published: July 2011

In this paper, we report on the realization of miniaturized projection displays on silicon substrates using a highly programmable deep reactive ion etching technique. The micro‐machined silicon substrates have been used to incorporate Liionic electro‐chromic solutions. The use of tungsten oxide (WO3) in conjunction with the ITO electrodes, leads to a transparent or opaque interfaces which can be used as a method to distinguish different spots in an image, provided an external light source is exploited. The formation of highly complex three‐dimensional structures is feasible during the deep reactive ion etching of silicon wafers, while desired under‐etching is achieved by controlling the etching parameters. The evolution of cup‐like micro‐mirrors can be carried out at micrometer sizes leading to ultra‐high resolution projection systems. A passive addressing is feasible between the top ITO‐lines placed on a glass substrate and the bottom cavity‐holding substrate. By addressing individual or clusters of pixels one can achieve desired images.
P‐190: High SNR Multi‐Touch Capacitance Touch‐screen Controller with Haptics Support
Authors: Blankenship Timothy L.
Published: July 2011

A high performance multi‐touch capacitive touch‐screen controller has been developed which is capable of supporting multiple sensor types, gloves, small‐tipped conductive stylus, and low‐latency haptics. The controller improves the user experience through high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) which allows supporting a wider range of touch conditions and better combats noisy environments.
P‐191: Embedded Nano‐Si Optical Sensor in TFT‐LCDs Technology and Integrated as Touch‐Input Display
Authors: Cho An‐Thung , Chung Ming‐Hung , Chang Tien‐Hao , Fan Chi‐Wen , Weng Wei‐Peng , Lee Yu‐Min , Kuo Chung‐Hong , Li Chun‐Huai , Chang Jiun‐Jye , Chiang Ming‐Feng , Liao Wei‐lung
Published: July 2011

We report the controllable UV‐Visible‐to‐NIR Si‐nanocrystals photonic sensor, photo‐spectrum band‐gap engineering technology, and integrated in TFT‐LCD as multi‐function intelligent display. Photonic Sensor using Si‐nanocrystals as sensitizer sandwiched between two electrodes structure is proposed to integrate optical input function for new application in next generation mobile devices. The optical input function, used for image scanner, fingerprint recognition, and touch‐input application, are achieved by integrating these image sensor elements within each display pixel. A 2‐transistor (2T) active pixel sensor (APS) is used to integrate a VGA (> 250 dpi) image sensor within an LCD panel.
P‐197: Active Matrix Touch Sensor Detecting Time‐Constant Change Implemented by IGZO TFTs
Authors: Chou Lu‐Sheng , Chiu Hao‐Lin , Lin Kuan‐Ta , Tai Ya‐Hsiang
Published: July 2011

We propose a novel concept of using the RC time‐constant to sense the capacitance change induced by touch and demonstrate it with a sensing circuit implemented by IGZO TFTs. The pixel circuit is consisted of one resistor and two TFTs in series, which are sequentially turned by consecutive gate pulses. By increasing the delay time of the first gate pulse waveform, a large transient ON current can flow through the TFTs while the second pulse comes, and thus become a significant sensing signal. This pixel consumes low power because the transient current only occurs when a pixel is touched.
P‐200: The Design of Novel Integrated Optical Touch TFT‐LCD Display
Authors: Niu Tzu‐Ling , Fan Fu‐Cheng , Kuo Han‐Ping
Published: July 2011

In this paper, we successfully develop a new optical touch which is highly integrated with current structure of TFT‐LCD display. The advantages are high touch resolution, no active force, free object touch, low cost and easy integration with panel. Besides, we have set up a simulation system to predict and optimize the touch performance. In addition, the signal to noise ratio (SNR) is measured around 21 by 4″ mockup sample. A superb touch display can be achieved in the near future.
15.4: A Novel High Speed Integrated Gate Driver Circuit using a‐Si TFT for 240Hz FHD LCD TVs
Authors: Shin Hong‐Jae , Son Mi‐Young , Kim Byung‐Hoon , Kim Yong‐Ho , Lee Chung‐Ah , Kim Kwang‐Soo , Choi Jung‐Hoon , Kim Jeom‐Jae , Oh Chang‐Ho , Kang In‐Byeong
Published: July 2011

A novel high speed integrated gate driver using a‐Si TFT for large size 240Hz FHD TFT‐LCD TVs has been developed. The proposed circuit architecture achieved high speed operation by means of separating control signal from output signal and double buffer. Two channel shared node structure also reduce the area of the circuit without performance degradation, while the life time of the integrated gate driver is estimated to more than 50,000 hours. Thus we successfully developed the true 240Hz FHD TFT‐LCD panel using 1G‐1D driving method with this integrated gate driver
16.2: World‐Best Performance LTPS TFTs with Robust Bending Properties on AMOLED Displays
Authors: Kim Moojin , Cheon Junhyuk , Lee Jaeseob , Park Yonghwan , An Sungguk , Kim Taewoong , Jin Dongun , Min Hoonkee , Yu Cheolho , Kim Sungchul , Jang Jin
Published: July 2011

This study reported a low temperature polycrystalline silicon LTPS thin film transistor TFT fabrication process on plastic substrates for flexible display applications. Polycrystalline silicon poly‐Si films were formed by excimer laser annealing ELA method. It was found by ELA thermal simulation that there was around 70 □ on plastic surface during ELA crystallization process. The excimer laser irradiated film was analyzed by using various spectroscopic methods such as X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Dehydrogenation and activation processes were performed by a conventional LTPS method without causing any plastic substrate distortion. The fabricated poly‐Si TFT on a flexible backplane shows a very good performance with field effect mobility of 95.3 cm2/Vs, on/off ratio current ratio > 108, and threshold voltage of −1.6 V. Bending tests after a delamination process were also performed with TFT backplane samples.
19.2: Ambient Environment Reactive Displays
Authors: Yuan Chang
Published: July 2011

We propose a novel feature for flat‐panel displays; that is to allow displays to react to dynamic changes in the ambient environment around the display, especially lighting variations. A real‐time reactive rendering algorithm analyzes the ambient lighting conditions captured by multiple sensors installed on the display and transfers physical lights into on‐screen content. Real‐life action images demonstrate the uniqueness and effectiveness of our approach.
20.1: A Method for Color BreakUp Suppression in a Color Sequential Display
Authors: Hu Kai‐Ting , Lin Tzu‐Pin , Tsai Chi‐Chung , Tai Wen‐Chih , Chien Kuang‐Hung
Published: July 2011

The Color Sequential Display CSD has the obviously shortcoming — color breakup CBU issues. An algorithm based on the CBU‐Suppression Method was proposed in this paper, which use light sensor, operation unit and time‐sharing detection to gain the red, green and blue intensity, respectively. Therefore, an equation to do the color compensation and white balance compensation can be proved.
20.3: All‐In‐One Monitor Capable of Power‐over‐Ethernet or USB
Authors: Siefken Shannon , Kecman Fedja , Thielen James , Du Garry
Published: July 2011

Increased display efficiency gives device manufacturers more freedom to design new, previously unfeasible, low power devices. By combining an energy efficient backlight design with an efficient light source, display powers can be lowered to levels where a power source other than alternating current AC mains becomes feasible. Examples of a USB powered monitor in the mainstream size, as well as a Power Over Ethernet POE All‐In‐One Thin Client/Monitor device are demonstrated with today's technologies as a combination of efficient LEDs, reflective polarizers and low power LCD panels.
22.2: Invited Paper: Flexible Polymer Electrets for Flexible, High‐Performance, Paper‐Like Speakers, and Touch Panel Applications
Authors: Chiang Dar‐Ming , Chen Jen‐Luan , Du Bo‐Sian , Wang Chun‐Jen , Lin Shu‐Ru
Published: July 2011

A new partial fluorinated polymer shows excellent charge storage capability. The electrets materials can be employed in consumer electronic products widely, aided with the flexible, extremely light and thin property. Applications on speakers and electrets touch panels will be discussed in this paper.
23.1: Invited Paper: New Materials for Polymer‐Stabilized Blue Phase
Authors: Wittek Michael , Tanaka Norihiko , Bremer Matthias , Pauluth Detlef , Tarumi Kazuaki , Wu Ming Chou , Song Dong Mee , Lee Seung Eun
Published: July 2011

Compared to other liquid crystalline mesophases, the Blue Phase exhibits extremely fast switching via induced birefringence by an external field. However, the pure Blue Phase is characterized by a rather narrow temperature range on the order of a few K. For display applications, one very promising way to broaden the stable temperature range is achieved by polymer‐stabilization of the Blue Phase. A crucial prerequisite for efficient stabilization is the optimal material selection/matching of reactive mesogens RMs and the chiral host. New material concepts will be introduced and discussed.
24.1: Measuring the Perceived Contrast of Natural Images
Authors: Haun Andrew M. , Peli Eli
Published: July 2011

We show how perceived contrast of natural images, as a function of spatial frequency, is measurable using a novel form of the psychophysical ‘classification image’ paradigm. Contrast spatial frequency weighting functions peak at mid‐high frequencies, and are more stable than predicted by common definitions of image contrast or contrast sensitivity.
24.2: Estimating the Perceptual Limits of Mobile Displays
Authors: Zafar Fahad , Choi Mina , Badano Aldo
Published: July 2011

The quality of the displayed image in mobile devices is affected by the varying ambient illumination conditions. Determining appropriate viewing conditions for particular visual tasks requires appropriate instrumentation. However, visual tests can be more practical. We conducted experiments to explore the limitations of mobile displays in terms of the visibility of subtle targets. We explored the effect of background luminance and ambient lighting using two methodologies: a text detection task where the observer identifies characters embedded in noisy backgrounds and a threshold estimation staircase technique. We found that the text detection method holds promise as a surrogate for more complicated tests in the framework of a clinically practical implementation.
24.4: Subjective and Objective Assessments of Color Break‐Up on Field Sequential Color Display Devices
Authors: Yoshida Akiko , Kobayashi Masamitsu , Yoshida Yasuhiro
Published: July 2011

We conducted both subjective and objective experiments for measuring color break‐up perception with the factors of stimuli size and sub‐frame frequency on the simplest field sequential driving. Our results indicate how to design the universal evaluation method for color break‐up issue on field sequential color display devices.
28.1: Invited Paper: Active Matrix Displays for Ereaders Using Microcup Electrophoretics
Authors: Sprague Robert A.
Published: July 2011

This paper will described advances in active matrix displays for e‐Readers using microcup electrophoretics. The talk will discuss the baseline technology and performance, some of the technical problems which were overcome to achieve suitable performance, and advances made in scale‐up of manufacturing infrastructure and distribution channels. Future opportunities will be described which are evolving for next generation devices.
28.2: Color Sequential LC Display Using High Reliable Oxide Semiconductors with Monochrome Electronic Paper Function
Authors: Shishido Hideaki , Amano Seiko , Toyotaka Kouhei , Miyake Hiroyuki , Murakawa Tsutomu , Nishi Takeshi , Hirakata Yoshiharu , Koyama Jun , Yamazaki Shunpei , Okazaki Kenichi , Handa Takuya , Sakakura Masayuki
Published: July 2011

We prototyped a 6.0‐in. color sequential XGA LCD using an oxide semiconductor. A color sequential LCD has lower power consumption than a color filter LCD because light use efficiency is better. We utilize the low Ioff of the oxide semiconductor and make frame rate lower, which leads to the lower power consumption of drivers. The color sequential LCD can have a monochrome electronic paper function with a white backlight on.
5.1: Invited Paper: A 5.7″ Color Mirasol® XGA Display For High Performance Applications
Authors: Gally Brian , Lewis Alan , Aflatooni Koorosh , Cummings William , Ganti Surya , Todorovich Mark , van Lier Robert
Published: July 2011

A 5.7″ color reflective display module based on bi‐stable Interference Modulation Devices (IMODs) with a projective capacitive touchscreen is described. The operation of the module is outlined and the performance reported. The system level developments necessary to achieve the high reflectivity, color and video operation while maintaining low power consumption are discussed.
29.2: Flexible Glass Substrates for Organic TFT Active Matrix Electrophoretic Displays
Authors: Lo Po‐Yuan , Ding Jau‐Min , Hu Je‐Ping , Chan Yi‐Jen , Garner Sean , He Mingqian , Lin James , Li Xinghua , Sorensen Mike , Li Jianfeng , Cimo Pat , Kuo Chris
Published: July 2011

Flexible glass substrates enable high‐quality device fabrication through unique properties such as very low surface roughness and thermal and dimensional stability. As an initial step toward roll‐to‐roll manufacturing of active matrix displays, this paper describes the structure and performance of organic TFT backplane electrophoretic displays fabricated on flexible glass substrates.
31.1: Invited Paper: The Impact of Self‐luminous Electronic Devices on Melatonin Suppression
Authors: Figueiro Mariana G. , Erdener Basar , Jayawardena Asiri , Lesniak Natalia , Reh Rinara , Sahini Levent , Sweater Kate , Wood Brittany , Yue Lisa
Published: July 2011

Self‐luminous electronic devices emit optical radiation at short wavelengths, close to the peak sensitivity of melatonin suppression. The present paper uses the mathematical model to estimate acute melatonin suppression by electronic devices and computer screens. Results of a study testing these predictions are also presented.
31.4: A Preliminary Study on the Frame Glare by Reflected Light for its Allowable Level and Evaluation Method
Authors: Hisatake Yuzo , Umezu Naoaki , Kato Chiaki , Nakano Yoshihiko
Published: July 2011

We evaluated allowable limit for the display‐frame glare by reflected light. In the results, the AR treatment didn't decrease the level of allowable luminance to disturbing glare nor contribute to reduce such disturbing glare. The allowance strongly depends on the luminance contrast‐ratio between the reflected light and its background.
5.3: Novel Design for Color Electrochromic Display
Authors: Yashiro Tohru , Hirano Shigenobu , Naijoh Yoshihisa , Okada Yoshinori , Tsuji Kazuaki , Abe Mikiko , Murakami Akishige , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Fujimura Koh , Kondoh Hitoshi
Published: July 2011

We have developed a technology for a new full‐color reflective electrochromic display ECD based on the subtractive color mixing model. This improves display brightness and color reproducibility. Additional advantage is simple production process. An active matrix driving of the full‐color reflective ECD has been demonstrated successfully.
33.4: Energy Based Hole‐Filling Technique For Reducing Visual Artifacts In Depth Image Based Rendering
Authors: Limonov Alexander , Chang Ju Yong
Published: July 2011

In this paper, we propose a new hole‐filling approach for DIBR process. The algorithm adaptively selects background extrapolation basis in order to minimize visual artifacts which usually arise in the disocclusion process. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm helps to reduce edge distortion during the hole‐filling process.
35.5L: Late‐News Paper: An Ambipolar Oxide TFT
Authors: Hosono Hideo , Nomura Kenji , Kamiya Toshio
Published: July 2011

We fabricated transparent oxide semiconductor‐based ambipolar TFTs on SiO2/c‐Si with a maximum process temperature of 250 °C. Saturation mobilities of ∼0.81 cm2(Vs)−1 for p‐channel and ∼5×10−4 cm2(Vs)−1 for n‐channel operations were obtained at RT. We demonstrated a complementary‐like inverter comprised of two SnO‐based ambipolar TFTs. The inverter operated with a maximum voltage gain of ∼2.5. This is the first demonstration of an oxide‐based complementary‐like inverter using a single channel material, which allows simple fabrication of complementary logic circuits based on oxide TFTs. In addition, the device operates stably in air, is optically transparent and can be fabricated at 250 °C. Therefore, the essence of our findings can further be extended to flexible substrates. We expect that optimization of processing and more appropriate selection of source/drain electrode materials will improve the n‐channel mobilities, and pave the way for oxide‐based complementary circuit technology.
36.3: Invited Paper: Highly Reliable Flexible Active Matrix OLED Driven by a‐Si TFT Device
Authors: Kim Chang‐Dong , Yoon Soo‐Young , Yoo Juhn‐Suk , Jun Myung‐Chul , Hwang Yong‐Kee
Published: July 2011

Flexible display is believed as an innovative device which can change our living mode in the future. Recent technology advances show the possibility of building with real flexible display which has small package, low weight and design freedom, and make active matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) attractive in replacing existing glass display. A‐Si TFTs on flexible substrates can be candidate devices of a circuitry of AMOLED with dual driving TFTs structure. By using a‐Si TFTs, we have successful improvements on the lifetime of flexible AMOLED with a new pixel circuit and driving methods for the threshold voltage compensation. In this paper, we will discuss on flexible AMOLED as an emerging display, and will review various technical issues and results which have to be examined.
38.2: Invited Paper: Fabrication of Thin Film Transistor Circuits Using Shadow Masking: A Low Cost Alternative to Conventional Lithography
Authors: Ambrose Thomas , Cowen Tim , Conrad Jeff , Little Whit , Brody T. Peter
Published: July 2011

Thin film transistors with micron size features are fabricated by evaporation printing (a combination of evaporation deposition through a fine metal shadow mask). Using successive deposition steps and better than lum mask to mask registry, transistor circuits are realized without conventional lithography. These components are useful in active matrix backplanes for top emitting OLED and e‐paper displays.
38.3: A Facile Method to Identify and Lower the Moisture Content in Overcoat Materials
Authors: Huang Kuo‐Yu , Yang Wei‐Chieh , Chen Maw‐Song , Huang Wei‐Ming
Published: July 2011

A facile method to identify the moisture content in overcoat (OC) of CF is demonstrated herein. The authors provide efficient methods to lower the water percentage in OC and the possible mechanism is proposed. LCD manufacturers could thus efficiently reduce the risk of bubbles and raise yields.
39.1: Distinguished Paper: Laser+LCOS Technology Revolution
Authors: Guttag Karl M. , Hurley Shawn , Mei Bill
Published: July 2011

The advent of affordable direct diode lasers changes all the rules for optical designs and the associated technologies that generate the images from the laser light. We foresee these new lasers as driving fundamental changes in the size, power consumption, cost, resolution, and even the uses for pico projectors. This paper discusses these topics from the perspective of laser light illuminated LCOS microdisplays.
39.4: A Metal‐Based High‐Resonant‐Frequency Optical Scanner with a Moving‐Magnet Actuator for Non‐Resonant Large‐Angle Scanning
Authors: Takanashi Nobuaki , Honda Takeshi , Ishibashi Osamu , Okumura Fujio
Published: July 2011

A metal based optical scanner for non‐resonant drive has been developed. A thin magnet, installed beneath a scan mirror, drives the mirror over +/−20 degrees of optical angle. The moving magnet actuator's large torque enables designing the torsion spring constant high for high resonant frequency, which makes laser projectors bright and optically efficient.
43.4: An In‐Cell Capacitive Touch‐Sensor Integrated in an LTPS WSVGA TFT‐LCD
Authors: Tomita Satoru , Nakamura Takashi , Morita Tetsuo , Imai Takayuki , Okada Takashi , Hayashi Hirotaka , Saruhashi Yasuo , Fuchi Masayoshi , Hashimoto Miyuki , Tada Masahiro , Endo Takahiko , Saito Keiichi , Nakamura Hiroki , Takahashi Hideyuki
Published: July 2011

We have developed an in‐cell capacitive touch‐sensor integrated in an LTPS 7″ WSVGA TFT‐LCD. The prototype having 256×150 sensors shows advantages such as smooth operation with no touch force, high position accuracy, multi‐touch (10 or more), thin and light LCD module, and thus is suitable for various applications.
48.4: Beam Forming for a Laser Based Auto‐stereoscopic Multi‐Viewer Display
Authors: Baghsiahi Hadi , Selviah David R. , Willman Eero , Fernández Anibal , Day Sally E. , Akşit Kaan , Ölçer Selim , Mostafazadeh Aref , Erden Eedem , Kishore Velichappattu C. , Urey Hakan , Surman Phil A.
Published: July 2011

An auto‐stereoscopic back projection display using a RGB multi‐emitter laser illumination source and micro‐optics to provide a wider view is described. The laser optical properties and the speckle due to the optical system configuration and its diffusers are characterised.
49.3: Oxide TFT Scan Driver with Dynamic Threshold Voltage Control
Authors: Park Yong‐Sung , Chung Bo‐Yong , Kang Chul‐Kyu , Park Seoung‐Il , Im Ki‐Ju , Jeong Jong Han , Kim Byung‐Hee , Kim Sang Soo
Published: July 2011

Oxide TFTs have a negative threshold voltage (Vth), which can become even more negative in response to DC or AC stress. Therefore, these voltage stresses can cause severe leakage current in a scan driver. In this paper, a scan driver with dynamic threshold voltage control (DTVC) is proposed to minimize the leakage current and enlarge operating margin. Effectiveness of DTVC was verified with a 14‐inch AMOLED.
50.1:Invited Paper: PSD (Planar Scatter Detection), a New Method for Optical Touch Screens
Authors: Wassvik Ola , Christiansson Tomas , Craven‐Bartle Thomas , Wallander Mats‐Petter
Published: July 2011

In this paper we will introduce a new method for making optical multi‐touch devices. The method is called Planar Scatter Detection and has been prototyped in a 32″ format. The technology is viable for all display sizes ranging from a few inches to over 100″. The advantages with this technology are low cost and good size scalability while maintaining multi‐touch performance.
51.1: Invited Paper: High Luminous Efficacy and Low Power Consumption Plasma TV
Authors: Kwon Sang‐Koo , Yang Sung‐Soo , Kim Jee‐Hoon , Ha Byung‐Ho , Bae Chang‐Hwan , Seo Ju‐Won , Woo Ji‐Won , Ahn Jung‐Sik , Cho Yoon‐Lae , Jung Yun‐Kwon , Choi Suk‐Gwon
Published: July 2011

AC plasma display panel of high luminous efficacy and low power consumption was newly developed for energy regulation of TVs. New technologies for panel structure, discharge gas mixture, protective layer, material, process and driving were applied to a panel in order to increase luminous efficacy and reduce power consumption. Also, the reliability of the panel was improved by the reconstruction behavior and exaggerated grain growth (EGG) using the distribution of new functional layer and discharge control. The influences of design parameters on the luminous efficacy and reliability were investigated and discussed.
51.3: Highly Reliable Modeling of AC Plasma Display Panels with a Three‐ Dimensional Hybrid Simulation
Authors: Shim Seung Bo , Song In Cheol , Lee Ho‐Jun , Lee Hae June , Hur Min Sup
Published: July 2011

Discharge characteristics of a PDP cell have been investigated using a three‐dimensional hybrid model with an electron‐fluid and ion‐particle model, which shows improvement of simulation results proved by the comparison with the experimental infrared light emission. The hybrid model represents experimental results very well compared with the conventional two‐fluid model adopting drift‐diffusion approximation for both the electrons and the ions.
51.4: Mechanism of Luminous Efficiency Improvement of High γ and High Xe Discharge
Authors: Zhu Di , Zhang Xiong , Izumi Tomoaki , Akiyama Toshiyuki , Kajiyama Hiroshi
Published: July 2011

The combination use of high Xe content and high γ protective layer can improve luminous efficacy without a lot of firing voltage increase. In this paper, the discharge characteristic of high Xe and high γ PDP has been analyzed by both of experiments and simulation.
52.5: Broadband Antireflection (BBAR) Nanostructure Contrast Enhancement (NCEF) Films For Electronic Optical Display Applications
Authors: Vang Kalc C. , Yu Ta‐Hua , David Moses
Published: July 2011

A new random, anisotropic, nanostructure, contrast enhancement film (NCEF) with super low reflection broadband antireflection (BBAR) performance was developed by 3M Company using a wide web roll‐to‐roll process. The high performance BBAR NCEF film can be made from triacetate cellulose (TAC), polyester, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, or many other substrates commonly used for electronic display applications. At normal incidence, a TAC based BBAR NCEF exhibits an average reflectivity of 0.1% measured in the visible spectral range 400‐700 nm, and a total light transmission of > 97% is obtainable from single side nanostructured BBAR NCEF. Furthermore, BBAR NCEF film was shown to provide high light transmission at wide incidence angle with minimal optical loss making it well suited for viewing at wide viewing display angle. The roll format combined with the high performance characteristics of this BBAR NCEF film makes it an exceptional cost‐effective solution to be implemented on most electronic display modules.
53.2: A Novel Optical System LED‐Backlight with Excellent Brightness Uniformity for TFT‐LCD
Authors: Kokusho Takafumi , Morii Yasuhiro , Mori Akihiro , Tsuchiyama Yuji , Sakai Seiji , Satake Tetsuya , Yuuki Akimasa , Itoga Kenji , Iwasaki Naoko
Published: July 2011

We have developed a new LED‐backlight structure. By applying this new structure to a 12.1‐inch SVGA TFT‐LCD, the number of LEDs can be reduced approximately 60% compared with the conventional structure while keeping the same level of brightness uniformity.
53.4: Highly Polarized Backlight Consisting of an Aperture‐limited Light Guide Plate and a Hybrid Wire‐Grid Polarizer
Authors: Chung Chi‐Jui , Yao Po‐Hung , Chen Cheng‐Huan
Published: July 2011

On the purpose of improving the transmittance of LCD panels, the study of polarized illumination has been emphasized as one of the urgent topics to reduce the energy loss at the present absorption‐type polarizer of LCD cells. The polarization‐selection property of nano‐wire‐grid structures has been widely studied for a reflective polarizer and applied to increase the transmittance of LCD. For a determined wire‐grid polarizer, the transmittance of P polarization (Tp) depends on wavelength and incident angle. The effective incident angle is limited by total internal reflection (TIR) condition of selected polymer materials for wire‐grid substrates. This paper presents a polarized backlight unit consisting of an aperture‐limited light‐guide plate featured by plurality of aluminum‐coated trapezoid ridges on the output surface and a hybrid nano wire‐grid which has been proposed to improve the transmittance of LCD by polarization recycling and emission angle control. Gain of central brightness was achieved up to 2.1x.
7.4: A Stacking Color Electrowetting Display for the Smart Window Application
Authors: Lee Wei‐Yen , Chiu Yung‐Hsiang , Liang Chao‐Chiun , Cheng Wei‐Yuan , Lo Kuo‐Lung , Tsai Yu‐Hsiang
Published: July 2011

The electrowetting display with the property of transflective is applicable as windows. However, low transmittance is a key issue of a stacking color electrowetting display as a window application. To improve the transmittance, an advanced oil splitting suppression waveform was proposed. Finally, a stacking color electrowetting display for the smart window application has been demonstrated. And the transmittance up to 30% has been attended.
60.1: LCD Integrated Optics
Authors: Wheatley John , Liu Tao , Sousa Matthew E. , Etzkorn Stephen , Bösl Ellen , van Derlofske John , Sanford Quinn , Hoyle C. David , Benoit Gilles
Published: July 2011

A new class of optical film is demonstrated which addresses fundamental and longstanding constraints in LCD backlights. These films enable displays with highly integrated optics and no free‐floating films. Both unitary polarized solid light guides and edge‐lit hollow systems without guides are shown. The non‐incremental impact on multiple LCD value propositions including waste stream is discussed. Film development has been done on manufacturing scale.
73.3L: Late‐News Paper: High Efficiency LED Illuminator for 2D/3D Switchable LCoS Projection Display
Authors: Hsieh Sheng‐Hsun , Chen Cheng‐Huan
Published: July 2011

An LCoS projector based on LED illuminator is proposed with simulation analysis and prototype evaluation for adding capability of high dynamic range in 2D presentation with switchability to 3D function. Evaluation shows each projection pattern can keep uniformity performance. Extinction ratio reaches 100:1 with overall efficiency up to 15%.
61.4: Active Crosstalk Reduction on Multi‐View Displays Using Eye Detection
Authors: Park Juyong , Nam Dongkyung , Sung Geeyoung , Kim Yuntae , Park Dusik , Kim Changyeong
Published: July 2011

Multi‐view displays have some problems in the quality of images, while they provide glasses‐free systems. Especially inter‐view crosstalk is the most critical factor to deteriorate the image quality and cause visual fatigue under large depths. We propose a method to provide clear images appropriate to the positions of the observer's eyes. In a subpixel group, using the visibility profiles of the subpixels expressing each view, we can determine the subpixel values to express a certain color at a certain direction. This can compensate color distortion caused by slanted lenticular lens and expand the observable area using the repeated regions neighboring the main region.
62.3: Fundamental Issues with IJP P‐OLED Devices: Identification and Corrective Actions
Authors: Grizzi Ilaria , Crankshaw Mark , Forsythe Daniel , Williams Gary
Published: July 2011

P‐OLED materials development is usually reported using a spin‐coated platform. This paper details the work done to realise considerable performance in spin‐coated and printed devices. The challenges faced in achieving this result were:

Eliminating current leakage pathways that reduce device efficiency

Eliminating sources of contamination that reduce lifetime.
8.4: Contrast‐Enhanced High‐Speed Polarization Modulator for Active‐Retarder 3D Displays
Authors: Osterman Jesper , Scheffer Terry
Published: July 2011

A contrast‐enhanced, high‐speed polarization modulator for active‐retarder 3D displays is proposed. By using a double‐cell structure together with a dedicated driving scheme and an external quarter‐wave retarder, a high‐performance modulator can be realized, resulting in minimized brightness loss and low crosstalk levels in fast‐refresh, time‐multiplexed 3D displays.
66.3: Hybrid White OLEDs for General Lighting
Authors: Loebl Peter , Goldmann Claudia , van Elsbergen Volker , Grabowski Stefan , Boerner Herbert , Bertram Dietrich
Published: July 2011

OLEDs for general lighting require both high efficacy and good lumen maintenance. Hybrid stacks combining fluorescent blue and phosphorescent red and green emitters are a very good choice for both long lifetime and good efficacy values: 31 lm/W are demonstrated for a cold white color point. 44 lm /W are measured with improved out‐coupling (ILO) using a scattering foil and 60 lm/W are demonstrated using a macro‐extractor for light out‐coupling. For warm white we realized 34 lm/W (with ILO 45 lm/W and 64 lm /W using a macro‐extractor). LT50 lumen maintenance is for both stacks better than 30,000 hours.
9.1: Invited Paper: Turning Points in Mobile Display Development
Authors: Ohshima Hiroyuki , Ting Dai‐Liang
Published: July 2011

Recent mobile displays have encountered a turning point in market trends as well as in technology requirements. Mobile displays are rapidly shifting to larger sizes, higher resolution >300ppi, wider viewing angles, higher contrast, and integration with touch functionality. All of this has caused a generation change in mobile display architecture and technologies. This paper will address those revolutions and Chimei Innolux CMI's approach.
67.4: Measurement and Characterization of Autostereoscopic 3D Display: A New Analytical Method
Authors: Liu Sheng‐Chi , Chang Che‐Wei
Published: July 2011

This work discusses the characterization of an autostereoscopic 3D display by theoretical analyses, optical simulations and experimentation. A camera is utilized to capture 3D information; quantifies the display performance and evaluates the 3D quality of the display. Based on the results thus obtained, the new analytical method is verified simply and accurately to be able to evaluate an autostereoscopic 3D display.
70.3: Precise Evaluation of the Colorimetric Properties of Displays Versus Viewing Angle using Fourier Optics
Authors: Boher Pierre , Leroux Thierry , Bignon Thibault , Collomb‐Patton Véronique
Published: July 2011

Full analysis of the color properties of different displays is presented using viewing angle measurements made using Fourier optics system. L*a*b* color space and on axis values of white state as reference are used. Gravity center behavior and hull area in addition to volume have been computed for the entire viewing angle.
P‐165: A New Class of Blue Phosphorescent Iridium Complexes for Organic Electroluminescent Devices
Authors: Groarke Michelle , Andresen Sven , Li Juo‐Hao , Weber Karl , Hirai Tadahiko , MacDonald James , Bown Mark , Ueno Kazunori
Published: July 2011

We report a new class of phosphorescent Ir(III) complexes that exhibit highly efficient blue emission. These complexes display an absolute quantum yield of greater than 0.9 in solution at room temperature and have been applied in OLED devices that give an efficiency of 15.7 cd/A at 1000 cd/m2 with CIE coordinates of (0.15, 0.21).
Spatial scale of similarity as an indicator of metacommunity stability in exploited marine systems
Authors: Shackell Nancy L. , Fisher Jonathan A. D. , Frank Kenneth T. , Lawton Peter
Published: July 2011

The spatial scale of similarity among fish communities is characteristically large in temperate marine systems: connectivity is enhanced by high rates of dispersal during the larval/juvenile stages and the increased mobility of large‐bodied fish. A larger spatial scale of similarity (low beta diversity) is advantageous in heavily exploited systems because locally depleted populations are more likely to be “rescued” by neighboring areas. We explored whether the spatial scale of similarity changed from 1970 to 2006 due to overfishing of dominant, large‐bodied groundfish across a 300 000‐km2 region of the Northwest Atlantic. Annually, similarities among communities decayed slowly with increasing geographic distance in this open system, but through time the decorrelation distance declined by 33%, concomitant with widespread reductions in biomass, body size, and community evenness. The decline in connectivity stemmed from an erosion of community similarity among local subregions separated by distances as small as 100 km. Larger fish, of the same species, contribute proportionally more viable offspring, so observed body size reductions will have affected maternal output. The cumulative effect of nonlinear maternal influences on egg/larval quality may have compromised the spatial scale of effective larval dispersal, which may account for the delayed recovery of certain member species. Our study adds strong support for using the spatial scale of similarity as an indicator of metacommunity stability both to understand the spatial impacts of exploitation and to refine how spatial structure is used in management plans.
Breaking Oil Recovery Limit in Malaysian Thin Oil Rim Reservoirs: Enhanced Oil Recovery by Gas and Water Injection
Authors: Razak Ezzam A. , Chan Keng Seng , Darman Nasir
Published: July 2011

The goal of an oil field development project is to accelerate the hydrocarbon production and maximize the recovery at a lowest cost. For a thin oil rim reservoir with a large gas cap on top and a strong aquifer below, achieving such goal can be very challenging since recovery of both oil and gas shall be maximized. A successful project shall entail plan first to accelerate the oil production maximizing the oil recovery prior to the gas cap blow-down.

The maximum oil recovery factor achievable in thin oil rim reservoirs was evaluated for a Malaysian thin oil rim reservoir based on dynamic flow properties. The force balance between the gas cap expansion, aquifer expansion and viscous withdrawal was demonstrated by showing the model simulated water-oil and gas-oil contact movement. The understanding of the force balance progressively guided the field development project team to selectively re-activate some of the idle wells, to selectively place new additional infill horizontal wells, and to plan selective water and gas- cap gas injection in key reservoir sectors.

In this paper, the reservoir simulation study on simultaneous up-dip water and down-dip gas injection was reported. The down-dip gas injection, injecting gas at and close to water/oil contact, was found to be able to impede bottom aquifer advancement, improve sweep and further enhance the thin oil-rim oil recovery. The gravity assisted injection technique could become a cost effective alternate for IWAG particularly for remaining oil rim which can be less than 10 m after the successful primary and secondary production.
Scaling Principle and Scaling Prediction in ASP Flooding Producers in Daqing Oilfield
Authors: Jiecheng Cheng , Wanfu Zhou , Yusheng Zhang , Guangtian Xu , Chengfeng Ren , Zhangang Peng , Wenguang Bai , Zongyu Zhang , Xin Wang , Hairong Fu , Qingguo Wang , Xianxiao Kong , Lei Shi
Published: July 2011

ASP flooding in Daqing oilfield commenced from 1980s. To date, industrial pilot tests have been carried out in three blocks. The averaged recovery was increased by 20%. On the other hand, scaling issue caused high frequent pump failures. Large amount of scale building up in the producers wellbore and downhole equipments with high speed, which resulted in the averaged running life of lifting system decreased from 599 days of water flooding period to 60 days. Further more, some producers’ running lives were only around 30 days, leading to higher production cost and lower production rate as well.

Study indicated that, the scaling principle and scale composition in producing wells differed from each other and was difficult to be predicted accurately. In this study, after tracking and measuring the ion in produced fluid for the whole process from water flooding, polymer flooding to ASP flooding and analyzing composition of the scale on different parts of scaling well, the criterion and distinguishing chart of scaling tendency had been set up initially. The criteria were applied in 102 wells in ASP flooding area, the accordance rate was more than 90 percent. Based on that, scaling inhibition technology was timely performed for predicted scaling wells, and the running lives were increased from 40 days to above 200 days. This paper presented the process of the study and is greatly helpful for APS flooding in commercial scale.