bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis E virus as a cause of acute hepatitis acquired in Switzerland
Authors: Fraga Montserrat , Doerig Christopher , Moulin Hervé , Bihl Florian , Brunner Felix , Müllhaupt Beat , Ripellino Paolo , Semela David , Stickel Felix , Terziroli Beretta‐Piccoli Benedetta , Aubert Vincent , Telenti Amalio , Greub Gilbert , Sahli Roland , Moradpour Darius
Published: August 2017

Background

Autochthonous hepatitis E is increasingly recognized as zoonotic infection in western countries. Serological assays have varying sensitivity and specificity.

Methods

We implemented molecular testing to identify and characterize acute hepatitis E acquired in Switzerland.

Results

Ninety‐three cases of mostly symptomatic acute hepatitis E acquired in Switzerland were documented by PCR between November 2011 and December 2016. Median HEV RNA was 7.5 x 104 IU/mL (range, 5.3 to 4.7 x 107 IU/mL). HEV genotyping was successful in 78 patients, revealing genotype 3 in 75 and genotype 4 in three patients. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a few limited geographical and temporal clusters. Of the 91 patients with available anti‐HEV IgM serology, four were negative; three of these were also IgG‐negative, likely as a result of immunosuppression, and one was IgG‐positive, a constellation compatible with HEV reinfection. Median age of the patients was 58 years (range, 20‐80 years); 71 (76.3%) were men and 49 of these (69.0%) were ≥ 50 years old. The clinical course was particularly severe in patients with underlying chronic liver disease, with fatal outcome in two patients. Six patients (6.5%) presented with neuralgic amyotrophy.

Conclusions

Nucleic acid‐based diagnosis reveals HEV as a relevant cause of acute hepatitis in Switzerland. Middle‐aged and elderly men constitute the majority of symptomatic patients. Testing for HEV should be included early in the diagnostic workup of acute hepatitis and of neuralgic amyotrophy, a typical extrahepatic manifestation of HEV genotype 3 infection.
Effect of Listening to Music on Patient Anxiety and Pain Perception during Urodynamic Study: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Öztürk Erdem , Hamidi Nurullah , Yikilmaz Taha N. , Özcan Cihat , Başar Halil
Published: August 2017

Objective

Urodynamic studies (UDS) include assessments of the physics and physiology of the lower urinary tract (LUT). It is an invasive test and patients can feel fear and anxiety, especially at the beginning of the test. The aim of this study was to determine whether listening to music during urodynamic study decreases patient anxiety and pain.

Methods

Sixty‐two patients who underwent urodynamic study were randomized into the following groups: no music (group 1, n = 30) or classical music (group 2, n = 32) during the procedure. Patient anxiety levels were quantified using the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Beck's Anxiety Inventory (BAI). A visual analog scale (VAS) was used for self‐assessment of discomfort and willingness among patients to have a repeat urodynamic study.

Results

Demographic characteristics, mean age, duration of procedure, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and heart rate before procedure were statistically significantly similar between the two groups. Statistically significant differences were detected between the two groups in the mean pain score on VAS (4.1 ± 1.4 vs 2.6 ± 1.8), mean post‐procedural STAI score (46 ± 5.8 vs 37.3 ± 5) and mean BAI score (14.2 ± 1.7 vs 3.5 ± 0.7). SBP and DBP and heart rate were similar between the groups.

Conclusion

Music is a cheap, safe and effective intervention that has gained increasing recognition as an effective tool to reduce pain and anxiety. Listening to music during urodynamic study reduced patient pain and anxiety.
Updating and Not Shifting Predicts Learning Performance in Young and Middle‐Aged Adults
Authors: Gijselaers Hieronymus J. M. , Meijs Celeste , Neroni Joyce , Kirschner Paul A. , de Groot Renate H. M.
Published: August 2017

The goal of this study was to investigate whether single executive function (EF) tests were predictive for learning performance in mainly young and middle‐aged adults. The tests measured shifting and updating. Processing speed was also measured. In an observational study, cognitive performance and learning performance were measured objectively in 851 adult students and analyzed using multiple linear regression. EFs and processing speed were measured via cognitive tests. Learning performance was evaluated after 14 months. The results show that updating performance is predictive for learning performance, with a small effect size, while shifting performance was not. This means that a single updating test has predictive value for learning performance acquired over a longer period of time. However, as the effect size is rather small, the test on its own does not serve as a proper selection tool for determining whether a student will be successful or not.
Targeted conservative formation of cointegrates between two DNA molecules containing IS26 occurs via strand exchange at either IS end
Authors: Harmer Christopher J. , Hall Ruth M.
Published: August 2017

We recently proposed a model for targeted, conservative cointegrate formation between DNA molecules each containing a copy of IS26, that involves Tnp26‐catalyzed strand exchange occurring at either the two left ends or the two right ends of the IS. Here, this model was validated by altering the bases at the outer left terminus, right terminus or both termini of one IS26. The correct bases at both ends were required in the untargeted replicative mode. However, when only one end was altered in one participating IS the frequency of targeted, conservative cointegrate formation was not reduced. The distribution of the altered bases in the cointegrates confirmed that the reaction occurred at the end where the terminal bases of both IS were correct, and cointegrates were not formed when both ends of the same IS were altered. The terminal bases of the active IS26 were also required to support deletion of the aphA1a translocatable unit (TU) from Tn4352B. The choices made by an incoming TU with a wild‐type IS26 when the target plasmid included one wild‐type IS26 and one with a frameshift in tnp26 demonstrated that Tnp26 exhibits a strong preference for cis action.
Questioning the unconscious
Authors: Shamdasani Sonu
Published: August 2017

In this piece, I outline a brief history of the development of concepts of the unconscious and then suggest ways of bringing understanding to various sides of the discussion.
Phospholipases AtPLDζ1 and AtPLDζ2 function differently in hypoxia
Authors: Lindberg Sylvia , Premkumar Albert , Rasmussen Ulla , Schulz Alexander , Lager Ida
Published: August 2017

Besides hydrolyzing different membrane phospholipids, plant phospholipases D and molecular species of their byproducts phosphatidic acids (PLDs/PAs) are involved in diverse cellular events such as membrane‐cytoskeleton dynamics, hormone regulation and biotic and/or abiotic stress responses at cellular or subcellular levels. Among the 12 Arabidopsis PLD genes, PLDζ1 and PLDζ2 uniquely possess Ca2+‐independent phox (PX) and pleckstrin (PH) homology domains. Here, we report that mutants deficient in these PLDs, pldζ1 and pldζ2, show differential sensitivities to hypoxia stimulus. In the present study, we used protoplasts of wild type and mutants and compared the hypoxia‐induced changes in the levels of three major signaling mediators such as cytoplasmic free calcium [Ca2+cyt.], hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and PA. The concentrations of cytosolic Ca2+ and H2O2 were determined by fluorescence microscopy and the fluorescent dyes Fura 2‐AM and CM‐H2DCFDA, specific for calcium and H2O2, respectively, while PA production was analyzed by an enzymatic method. The study reveals that AtPLDζ1 is involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling, whereas AtPLDζ2 is involved in cytosolic Ca2+ signaling pathways during hypoxic stress. Hypoxia induces an elevation of PA level both in Wt and pldζ1, while the PA level is unchanged in pldζ2. Thus, it is likely that AtPLDζ2 is involved in PA production by a calcium signaling pathway, while AtPLDζ1 is more important in ROS signaling.
Residents' perceptions of the most positive and negative aspects of the housing situation for people with psychiatric disabilities
Authors: Brolin Rosita , Syrén Susanne , Rask Mikael , Sandgren Anna , Brunt David
Published: August 2017

The major aim of the present study was to explore what people with psychiatric disabilities, living in two different types of housing, consider to be the best and the worst in their housing situation. A secondary aim was to explore to what extent additional questions to a questionnaire with a free‐response format can provide complementary information to the previous knowledge in the field. The content analysis revealed that the physical attributes were of great significance for the residents in ordinary housing, while both psychosocial aspects and physical attributes were important for those living in supported housing. When providing good housing solutions for people with psychiatric disabilities, attention needs to be given to these aspects by politicians, policymakers as well as by nursing staff.
Introducing the nurse practitioner into the surgical ward: an ethnographic study of interprofessional teamwork practice
Authors: Kvarnström Susanne , Jangland Eva , Dahlgren Madeleine Abrandt
Published: August 2017

Aim

The first nurse practitioners in surgical care were introduced into Swedish surgical wards in 2014. Internationally, organisations that have adopted nurse practitioners into care teams are reported to have maintained or improved the quality of care. However, close qualitative descriptions of teamwork practice may add to existing knowledge of interprofessional collaboration when introducing nurse practitioners into new clinical areas. The aim was to report on an empirical study describing how interprofessional teamwork practice was enacted by nurse practitioners when introduced into surgical ward teams.

Methods and results

The study had a qualitative, ethnographic research design, drawing on a sociomaterial conceptual framework. The study was based on 170 hours of ward‐based participant observations of interprofessional teamwork practice that included nurse practitioners. Data were gathered from 2014 to 2015 across four surgical sites in Sweden, including 60 interprofessional rounds. The data were analysed with an iterative reflexive procedure involving inductive and theory‐led approaches. The study was approved by a Swedish regional ethics committee (Ref. No.: 2014/229‐31). The interprofessional teamwork practice enacted by the nurse practitioners that emerged from the analysis comprised a combination of the following characteristic role components: clinical leader, bridging team colleague and ever‐present tutor. These role components were enacted at all the sites and were prominent during interprofessional teamwork practice.

Conclusion

The participant nurse practitioners utilised the interprofessional teamwork practice arrangements to enact a role that may be described in terms of a quality guarantee, thereby contributing to the overall quality and care flow offered by the entire surgical ward team.
Metastatic efficiency of tumour cells can be impaired by intraoperative cell salvage process: truth or conjecture?
Authors: Kumar N. , Zaw A. S. , Kantharajanna S. B. , Khoo B. L. , Lim C. T. , Thiery J. P.
Published: August 2017

The use of salvaged blood in oncological surgery has been a matter of controversy over the years. This is due to the concern of systemic dissemination of reinfused tumour cells. Recent literature, across disciplines, has shed considerable light on its safety in terms of tumour recurrence, progression and overall survival rates. This clinical safety demonstrates the apparent metastatic inefficiency of reinfused tumour cells. The proof of this concept comes from various studies that have shown that salvaged blood has no tumour cells, or has a significantly lower count as compared to the patient's original circulatory tumour load. Recently, we took a step further and found that the tumour cells in the salvaged blood lose the capacity to replicate. In this review, we revisited the safety of salvaged blood from the point of view of metastatic potential. We have presented basic and applied science evidence regarding the innocuous nature of tumour cells that have been subjected to the cell salvage process. The understanding of the metastatic efficiency or the lack of it in tumour cells subjected to salvage process is key to allay the concerns conventionally associated with the use of salvaged blood in tumour surgery. Based on the available literature, we surmise that the prevalent apprehensions on the usage of salvaged blood are ill‐founded and further substantiate why tumour cells in the salvaged blood could be regarded as cells with non‐metastatic potential.
Narrativas de la memoria: el poder del lenguaje en la construcción de sentido después de una masacre
Authors: Torres Cuenca Laura
Published: August 2017

Las implicaciones del conflicto armado en Colombia parecen querer mitigarse con iniciativas de construcción simbólica de la memoria, las cuales tienden a excederse en la teatralización del recuerdo. Sin duda alguna estas iniciativas contribuyen a la garantía de no repetición de los hechos violentos que las permitieron, sin embargo, suelen negar espacios para la reflexión de la cotidianidad de las víctimas, que se reconstruye en elementos como el lenguaje. A partir de los relatos de algunas mujeres pertenecientes a la Asociación de Familiares de Víctimas de Trujillo (AFAVIT), este documento busca analizar la manera en que se dota de sentido la vida, en el día a día, así como los repertorios a los que se alude para hacerlo. Detrás está la problematización sobre el papel del lenguaje, que refleja la eterna tensión que los sobrevivientes sienten entre narrar lo sucedido para evitar su repetición, o no contarlo por efectos de riesgo que atentan contra su bienestar físico y emocional.
Concepción de aprendizaje en estudiantes universitarios de la carrera de psicología del extremo norte de Chile
Authors: Diaz Jose Sebastian Sandoval , Pérez Zapata Daniel Iván
Published: August 2017

El presente trabajo busca determinar la influencia de la utilización de estrategias metacognitivas en relación con el nivel de pericia en psicología sobre la concepción de aprendizaje de estudiantes universitarios; Participaron 144 estudiantes de ambos sexos, pertenecientes a la ciudad de Arica, Chile. Se utilizó el cuestionario de estrategias metacognitivas (O’Neil y Abedi, 1996) y el inventario de concepciones de aprendizaje (Martinez, 2000). Los resultados apuntan a que el nivel de pericia y las estrategias metacognitivas, correlacionan significativamente con concepciones de aprendizaje. Sin embargo, en un análisis detallado para cada tipo de concepción se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Estos resultados evidencian que concepciones del tipo constructiva e interpretativa, se ven mayormente influenciado por el uso de estrategias metacognitivas de aprendizaje, en contraposición al tipo de concepción directivo, el cual es explicado, en mayor medida, por el nivel de pericia inicial en el cual se encuentran los estudiantes universitarios.
Contenido experiencial y aspectos valorativos asociados a la envidia benigna y maligna en estudiantes universitarios de Córdoba, Argentina
Authors: Mola Débora Jeanette , Reyna Cecilia , Godoy Juan Carlos
Published: August 2017

La envidia es una emoción que surge de la comparación social ascendente. Estudios recientes evidencian la existencia de dos tipos cualitativamente diferentes de envidia: benigna y maligna. Así, esta investigación se propuso evaluar el contenido experiencial y el patrón valorativo asociados a los dos tipos de envidia en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios de Córdoba, Argentina. Se utilizó el método de reconstrucción del día para recabar información sobre experiencias de envidia. Los resultados evidenciaronla existencia de dos tipos de envidia que se distinguen a partir de los aspectos valorativos de merecimiento, poder propio y estado situacional. Además, se observó que la experiencia de envidia benigna desencadena inspiración y motiva a felicitar al envidiado.
Diferencias de sexo y edad en el autoconcepto social
Authors: Fernández Zabala Arantza , Goñi Palacios Eider , Rodríguez Fernández Arantzazu , Goñi Grandmontagne Alfredo
Published: August 2017

Este estudio tiene por objeto identificar diferencias asociadas a la edad y al sexo en el autoconcepto social medido con el Cuestionario de Autoconcepto Social (AUSO), de Autor (2011), que consta de las escalas de responsabilidad social y de competencia social. Participaron en la investigación un total de 767 estudiantes, 318 hombres (41.5%) y 449 mujeres (58.5%), de entre 16 y 25 años (M = 19.97; DT = 1.86) divididos en dos grupos de edad (menores de 20 años y mayores de 20). Tras comprobar la invarianza factorial del cuestionario por sexo y edad, se verifican diferencias en la escala de responsabilidad social, y no en la de competencia social, a favor de las mujeres y del grupo de más edad. Estos resultados suponen un avance respecto a anteriores conocimientos sobre el desarrollo del autoconcepto social a la par que refrendan la calidad psicométrica del AUSO.
Longitud de entrenamiento y efectos de fiabilidad predictiva en aprendizaje causal humano
Authors: Rodríguez San Juan Gabriel , Liberal Graña Unai
Published: August 2017

Estudios previos en aprendizaje causal humano han demostrado que la historia predictiva de los estímulos influye en su asociabilidad (i.e., en la facilidad con la que estos entran posteriormente en asociaciones). En la Fase 1 de estos estudios se dan las condiciones para que los participantes aprendan que la mitad de los estímulos son predictores fiables de sus resultados y la otra mitad son predictores no fiables. En la Fase 2 todos los estímulos se emparejan por igual con nuevos resultados. Se ha observado consistentemente que los participantes estiman que la probabilidad de ocurrencia de los resultados de la Fase 2 es más probable en presencia de los predictores fiables de la Fase 1 que en presencia de los no fiables. Se presenta un experimento en el que se demuestra que una reducción en el entrenamiento de la Fase 1 no afecta a la magnitud de este efecto de fiabilidad predictiva. Este resultado es inconsistente con la idea de que el efecto de fiabilidad predictiva se produce a consecuencia de cambios en la asociabilidad de los estímulos durante la Fase 1. Se discute una interpretación alternativa del efecto en términos del aprendizaje y generalización de reglas de actuación en la tarea.
Construcción del cuestionario de intención hacia el alcohol para niños mexicanos desde la Teoría de la Conducta Planeada.
Authors: Hernández Chávez Edith Carolina , Salazar Garza Martha Leticia , Vacio Muro Ma. De los Ángeles , Rodríguez-Kuri Solveig Eréndira
Published: August 2017

El incremento en el consumo de alcohol y la disminución en la edad de inicio requiere del desarrollo de propuestas preventivas dirigidas a población en edad más temprana, sustentadas teórica y empíricamente. La Teoría de la Conducta Planeada (TCP) constituye una base sólida para el desarrollo de propuestas de intervención en prevención de un comportamiento, para ello se debe conocer la intención que tiene el sujeto de realizarlo, siendo necesario evaluar sus creencias de comportamiento, normativas y de control, sobre la conducta de interés. Un medio para evaluar dichas creencias lo constituyen las escalas de medición. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir el proceso que se siguió para construir un instrumento, válido y confiable, que mide la intención de los niños para consumir bebidas con alcohol.
Influencia del riesgo social en la teoría de la mente y funciones ejecutivas de adolescentes colombianos
Authors: Urquijo María Fernanda , Zapata Luis Felipe , Lewis Soraya , Pineda-Alhucema Wilmar , Doria Falquez Laura , Lopera-Pérez Diana C.
Published: August 2017

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la relación que existe entre las Funciones Ejecutivas (FE) y la Teoría de la Mente (ToM) en población colombiana en condición de riesgo social. Participaron 78 adolescentes (41 en riesgo social y 37 controles) entre los 13 y 16 años. Se administraron el Test de Palabras y Colores de Stroop, el Test de la Pirámide de México y el Test de Falso Paso para evaluar Control Inhibitorio, Planificación y ToM, respectivamente. A pesar de que no se encontraron diferencias significativas en los procesos ejecutivos de control inhibitorio y planificación, los controles mostraron tener mejor desempeño en la prueba de ToM (p<0,05).
Adicionalmente, mientras que al interior del grupo sin riesgo social se observó una relación entre la ToM y los procesos ejecutivos evaluados (ps<0,05), sin embargo, al interior del grupo en riesgo social estos procesos no están relacionados. Se concluye que el entorno de riesgo social parece no afectar las habilidades ejecutivas de control inhibitorio y planificación pero sí la habilidad para realizar inferencias acerca de los estados mentales de los otros. De esta manera, un entorno de riesgo social es un factor ambiental que parece disociar el proceso de desarrollo de la cognición social y de los procesos ejecutivos en adolescentes, desarrollo que debería darse de manera paralela.
Niveles de Optimismo: Diferencias entre adultos de países latinoamericanos
Authors: Lavarello Julio Roberto , Espinoza Guerrero Evelyn , Larrañaga Vergara Javiera Francisca
Published: August 2017

El optimismo disposicional es una variable dentro de la Psicología Positiva que más se ha estudiado en distintos entornos, pues se presenta como relacionada y predictora de variables psicológicas y entornos de salud. El presente estudio se dedicó a conocer si existían diferencias significativas en los niveles de Optimismo medidos a través del Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) en función del país de residencia que tenían las personas, en una muestra accidental de 432 personas de Argentina, México y Chile. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la dimensión Optimismo ni en la dimensión Pesimismo, sin embargo, se detectaron diferencias significativas en 2 de los ítems de la dimensión Optimismo, donde los residentes mexicanos se presentaban con mejores niveles, y en un ítem de la dimensión Pesimismo, donde los residentes de Argentina se presentaban con los niveles más altos de la dimensión.
Propiedades psicométricas del Work Preference Inventory (WPI) en una muestras de adultos jóvenes mexicanos
Authors: Penagos-Corzo Julio C , Olvera Esquivel Mayra E , Pintado Cucarella María Sheila
Published: August 2017

El presente trabajo analiza las propiedades psicométricas del Work Preference Inventory (WPI; Amabile, Hil, Hennessey & Tighe, 1994) traducido al español, en una muestra de 762 participantes mexicanos de entre 17 y 27 años. La consistencia interna del instrumento indica un alfa de Cronbach general de .72, así como de .71 para la escala de motivación intrínseca y de .69 para la de motivación extrínseca. Se realizaron análisis factoriales para agrupar los reactivos en dos escalas primarias y cuatro secundarias. Además se hizo la baremación a partir de la muestra estudiada. Los resultados indican que el WPI es un instrumento es válido y confiable para medir la motivación en poblaciones universitarias.
Relación entre factores psicosociales, agotamiento emocional laboral y burnout en odontólogos mexicanos
Authors: Preciado Serrano María De Lourdes , Pozos Radillo Elizabeth , Colunga Rodríguez Cecilia , Vázquez Goñi Juan Manuel , Ávalos Latorre María Luisa
Published: August 2017

El objetivo fue determinar la relación de factores psicosociales con agotamiento emocional laboral y el Síndrome de Burnout. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas. Se usó la Escala de Agotamiento Laboral, Inventario de Burnout de Maslach y Cuestionario de Factores Psicosociales (ex professo) respecto a aspectos personales, sociales y de trayecto al trabajo. Se formaron dos grupos: 72 dentistas docentes pareados con 72 de la práctica privada. Los resultados determinaron relación directa entre la dimensión trayecto de los factores psicosociales con tensión laboral y cansancio emocional; pero, relación inversa con realización personal. Niveles altos de tensión laboral y dificultad en la relación con los compañeros se reportaron en dentistas docentes. No se encontró diferencia entre los grupos, en los niveles de Burnout.
Sesgo de deseabilidad social en medidas de valores organizacionales
Authors: Campos Maria Isabel de , Rueda Fabián Javier Marin
Published: August 2017

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la existencia de sesgo relacionado a la deseabilidad social en una investigación sobre los valores organizacionales. Participaron del estudio 232 personas que fueron divididas en dos grupos. El grupo 1, con 147 personas, fue formado por profesionales invitados a participar de la investigación por las empresas en las cuales trabajaban. Ellos fueron informados que la empresa recibiría un documento final con los resultados, sin ningún tipo de información individualizada. El grupo 2, con 85 personas, fue formado por profesionales invitados directamente por un investigador y fueron informados que en los resultados no habría ningún aspecto que permitiese su identificación, ni de su empresa. El instrumento aplicado fue el Inventario de Valores Organizacionales (IVO), y los resultados indicaron la presencia de un posible sesgo en las respuestas de los integrantes del grupo 1, apuntando para la necesidad de cuidados paliativos procesuales y estadísticos en situaciones semejantes de investigación en ambientes organizacionales.
Interdependencia Funcional de la Crianza Positiva Materna
Authors: Gaxiola Romero José Concepción , Gaxiola Villa Eunice , Frías Armenta Martha
Published: August 2017

Según la teoría del desarrollo de la psicopatología, algunas trayectorias del desarrollo resultan en adaptación, otras en psicopatología. Nuestra hipótesis es que algunas variables positivas son funcionales a la adaptación psicológica y participan en nicho adaptativos, que son contextos donde regularmente encontramos las competencias adaptativas, como el estilo de crianza positivo materno. El objetivo del estudio fue probar en un modelo de trayectorias, la interdependencia funcional del estilo positivo materno, usando una muestra de 254 madres, seleccionadas de las escuelas donde sus hijos o hijas estudiaban. Las variables medidas en el modelo fueron cohesión social del vecindario, apoyo social de la familia, salud percibida, autorregulación, autoestima y bienestar psicológico. Los resultados apoyan la hipótesis y muestran la interrelación funcional de las variables en el modelo probado, y también la presencia de un nicho adaptativo en el contexto del estilo positivo materno, que puede ser usado como ejemplo para futuras investigaciones.
Ultrasonographic diagnosis of heterotopic ossification and secondary nerve entrapments in a patient with spinal cord injury
Authors: Onat Sule Sahin , Özişle Zuhal , Orhan Ali , Akman Büşra , Köklü Kurtuluş , Özçakar Levent
Published: August 2017

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Is Point of Care Ultrasound (PoCUS) integrated in clinical exam a key-tool for the future emergency physician?
Authors: Golea Adela C.
Published: August 2017

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A new species of Terminalichus (Trombidiformes: Tenuipalpidae) from Thailand, with a key to the known species
Authors: Castro Elizeu B. , Ochoa Ronald , Feres Reinaldo J.F.
Published: August 2017

A new species, Terminalichus simplex sp. nov., is described based on adult females, deutonymphs and protonymphs, collected on Terminalia catappa L. (Combretaceae) from Thailand. The relationship of Terminalichus with other brevipalpine genera is discussed and a key to species of Terminalichus, Tenuilichus, Amblypalpus, Colopalpus and Priscapalpus is provided.
Predatory prostigmatid mite (Acari: Trombidiformes) fauna of the date palm agro-ecosystem in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alatawi Fahad Jaber , Kamran Muhammad
Published: August 2017

A comprehensive survey was conducted at different provinces of Saudi Arabia (SA) to investigate predacious prostigmatid mites (Acari: Trombidiformes: Prostigmata) mainly collected from the date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L. (Arecaceae) agro-ecosystem. A total of 41 species belonging to 28 genera in 14 families are recorded in the present study. Out of these, three families, 18 genera and 36 species are new to the mite fauna of SA. The new species, Neobonzia tabukensis sp.nov. (Cunaxidae), Cheletomimus (Philippicheyla) taifensis sp.nov. (Cheyletidae) are described and illustrated. A checklist of predatory prostigmatid mites from SA is given. A key to all terrestrial predatory prostigmatid mites, excluding Parasitegona and Heterostigmatina, reported from SA is provided. Also, a key to world species of the subgenus Philippicheyla Corpuz-Raros of the genus Cheletomimus Oudemans is given.
Puerto Rico: Race, Ethnicity, Culture, and Physics Teaching
Authors: González-Espada Wilson J. , Carrasquillo Rosa E.
Published: August 2017

It was a pleasant surprise to see Gary White’s call for papers on race and physics teaching. We definitely think that the physics teaching and learning of students from diverse and minority backgrounds is an important issue to discuss, especially given the fact that bias and discrimination are common experiences in the lives of many Latinx, including school-age children and college students.
The Chi-Sci Scholars Program: Developing Community and Challenging Racially Inequitable Measures of Success at a Minority-Serving Institution on Chicago’s Southside
Authors: Sabella Mel S. , Mardis Kristy L. , Sanders Nicolette , Little Angela
Published: August 2017

Ensuring that all students who want to pursue degrees and careers in science can do so is an important goal of a number of undergraduate STEM equity programs throughout the United States. Many of these programs, which promote diversity and the importance of diversity in science, directly address the 2012 PCAST report, which notes that “1 million additional STEM Professionals will be needed within the next decade” and “women and members of minority groups now constitute approximately 70% of college students, but earn only 45 percent of STEM degrees.” The PCAST report also indicates that these students “leave STEM majors at higher rates than others and offer an expanding pool of untapped talent.” Many of these programs recognize that it is important to provide students with a variety of support: financial, mentoring, research-based instruction, cohort development, and specific activities tailored to target population strengths and needs.
Smartphone Magnification Attachment: Microscope or Magnifying Glass
Authors: Hergemöller Timo , Laumann Daniel
Published: August 2017

Today smartphones and tablets do not merely pervade our daily life, but also play a major role in STEM education in general, and in experimental investigations in particular. Enabling teachers and students to make use of these new techniques in physics lessons requires supplying capable and affordable applications. Our article presents the improvement of a low-cost technique turning smartphones into powerful magnifying glasses or microscopes. Adding only a 3D-printed clip attached to the smartphone’s camera and inserting a small glass bead in this clip enables smartphones to take pictures with up to 780x magnification (see Fig. 1). In addition, the construction of the smartphone attachments helps to explain and examine the differences between magnifying glasses and microscopes, and shows that the widespread term “smartphone microscope” for this technique is inaccurate from a physics educational perspective.
The Role of Data Range in Linear Regression
Authors: da Silva M. A. Salgueiro , Seixas T. M.
Published: August 2017

Measuring one physical quantity as a function of another often requires making some choices prior to the measurement process. Two of these choices are: the data range where measurements should focus and the number (n) of data points to acquire in the chosen data range. Here, we consider data range as the interval of variation of the independent variable (x) that is associated with a given interval of variation of the dependent variable (y). We analyzed the role of the width and lower endpoint of measurement data range on parameter estimation by linear regression. We show that, when feasible, increasing data range width is more effective than increasing the number of data points on the same data range in reducing the uncertainty in the slope of a regression line. Moreover, the uncertainty in the intercept of a regression line depends not only on the number of data points but also on the ratio between the lower endpoint and the width of the measurement data range, reaching its minimum when the dataset is centered at the ordinate axis. Since successful measurement methodologies require a good understanding of factors ruling data analysis, it is pedagogically justified and highly recommended to teach these two subjects alongside each other.
Transverse-to-transverse diffuse ultrasonic scattering
Authors: Hu Ping , Turner Joseph A.
Published: August 2017

Ultrasonic scattering occurs when elastic waves interact with interfaces within heterogeneous media. Diffuse ultrasonic backscatter measurements are used to capture the effective grain scattering within a polycrystal for extracting microstructural information. Recently, a mode-conversion scattering model was developed to describe the longitudinal-to-transverse ultrasonic scattering within polycrystalline materials and successfully applied to determine the material spatial correlation length L by fitting experimental results with the theoretical model. The mode-conversion model may allow additional microstructural information, such as grain shape, to be assessed. In this article, a theoretical extension of the previous mode-conversion ultrasonic scattering model is presented. The transverse-to-transverse (T-T) scattering can be measured by an experimental configuration with both source and receiving transducers oriented at angles between the first and second critical angles, including pitch-catch and pulse-echo measurements. The model is used to determine the correlation length from a sample of 1040 steel through pulse-echo T-T scattering measurements using 7.5 and 10 MHz transducers. The results show that the derived T-T model works well for lower frequencies but the results for higher frequencies reveal deficiencies in the model.
Patterns of Emotional Response to ACL Reconstruction Surgery
Authors: Shapiro Jamie L. , Brewer Britton W. , Cornelius Allen E. , Van Raalte Judy L.
Published: August 2017

The purposes of this study were to investigate patterns of emotional response to reconstructive surgery of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the knee following sport injury and to examine the extent to which neuroticism differed across patterns of adjustment. Participants were 73 patients (51% recreational athletes, 46% competitive athletes, 3% nonathletes) who had ACL reconstruction surgery and who had low levels of negative mood before surgery. Participants completed measures of personality and negative mood before surgery and completed daily assessments of negative mood for 6 weeks postsurgery. The negative mood of participants was classified into three patterns for two different time periods. Participants with patterns of resilience outnumbered those with patterns of disturbance. Participants with patterns involving mood disturbance one week after surgery had significantly higher presurgery neuroticism levels. Practitioners should target individuals with high neuroticism before surgery for emotion management interventions to prevent mood disturbance following ACL surgery.
Collegiate Athletes’ Expectations and Experiences With Mindful Sport Performance Enhancement
Authors: Mistretta Erin G. , Glass Carol R. , Spears Claire A. , Perskaudas Rokas , Kaufman Keith A. , Hoyer Dennis
Published: August 2017

Although mindfulness training for athletes is an area of increasing interest, few studies have focused on the qualitative experiences of athletes in such programs. Before beginning six sessions of mindful sport performance enhancement (MSPE) training, 45 mixed-sport collegiate athletes reported what they hoped and expected to get from the training, and responded afterward to open-ended questions about their experiences. Participants’ responses were coded for themes, with high interrater reliability. Athletes initially hoped to gain psychological benefits in both sport and everyday life, such as relaxation and less stress or anxiety, better emotion regulation, mental toughness, and self-awareness, as well as sport performance improvement. Overall, they found MSPE to be a positive experience and reported many of the same benefits that they expected. Participants also provided constructive feedback and recommendations for future MSPE training. Finally, there was evidence to suggest that athletes’ expectations predicted similar improvements in outcome measures.
An RNA interference screen identifies druggable regulators of MeCP2 stability
Authors: Lombardi Laura M. , Zaghlula Manar , Sztainberg Yehezkel , Baker Steven A. , Klisch Tiemo J. , Tang Amy A. , Huang Eric J. , Zoghbi Huda Y.
Published: August 2017

Inhibition of proteins that stabilize MeCP2 is a potential strategy to treat
MECP2
duplication syndrome.
A glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist reduces intracranial pressure in a rat model of hydrocephalus
Authors: Botfield Hannah F. , Uldall Maria S. , Westgate Connar S. J. , Mitchell James L. , Hagen Snorre M. , Gonzalez Ana Maria , Hodson David J. , Jensen Rigmor H. , Sinclair Alexandra J.
Published: August 2017

GLP-1R agonists show promise as a therapeutic agent to lower intracranial pressure in rodents.
Cellular eyelashes help striatal neurons hook up
Authors: Lehtinen Maria K.
Published: August 2017

Primary cilia-based signaling provides critical infrastructure for formation of striatal neuronal networks.
The
Toxoplasma
Centrocone Houses Cell Cycle Regulatory Factors
Authors: Naumov Anatoli , Kratzer Stella , Ting Li-Min , Kim Kami , Suvorova Elena S. , White Michael W.
Published: August 2017

Our knowledge of cell cycle regulatory mechanisms in apicomplexan parasites is very limited. In this study, we describe a novel
Toxoplasma gondii
factor that has a vital role in chromosome replication and the regulation of cytoplasmic and nuclear mitotic structures, and we named this factor ECR1 for essential for chromosome replication 1. ECR1 was discovered by complementation of a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant that suffers lethal, uncontrolled chromosome replication at 40°C similar to a ts mutant carrying a defect in topoisomerase. ECR1 is a 52-kDa protein containing divergent RING and TRAF-Sina-like zinc binding domains that are dynamically expressed in the tachyzoite cell cycle. ECR1 first appears in the unique spindle compartment of the
Apicomplexa
(centrocone) of the nuclear envelope in early S phase and then in the nucleus in late S phase where it reaches maximum expression. Following nuclear division, but before daughter parasites separate from the mother parasite, ECR1 is downregulated and is absent in new daughter parasites. The proteomics of ECR1 identified interactions with the ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation machinery and the minichromosome maintenance complex, and the loss of ECR1 led to increased stability of a key member of this complex, MCM2. ECR1 also forms a stable complex with the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-related kinase,
T
.
gondii
Crk5 (TgCrk5), which displays a similar cell cycle expression and localization during tachyzoite replication. Importantly, the localization of ECR1/TgCrk5 in the centrocone indicates that this
Apicomplexa
-specific spindle compartment houses important regulatory factors that control the parasite cell cycle.

IMPORTANCE
Parasites of the apicomplexan family are important causes of human disease, including malaria, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis. Parasite growth is the underlying cause of pathogenesis, yet despite this importance, the molecular basis for parasite replication is poorly understood. Filling this knowledge gap cannot be accomplished by mining recent whole-genome sequencing data because apicomplexan cell cycles differ substantially and lack many of the key regulatory factors of well-studied yeast and mammalian cell division models. We have utilized forward genetics to discover essential factors that regulate cell division in these parasites using the
Toxoplasma gondii
model. An example of this approach is described here with the discovery of a putative E3 ligase/protein kinase mechanism involved in regulating chromosome replication and mitotic processes of asexual stage parasites.
Integration of Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Reveals a Complex Diet of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during Early Macrophage Infection
Authors: Zimmermann Michael , Kogadeeva Maria , Gengenbacher Martin , McEwen Gayle , Mollenkopf Hans-Joachim , Zamboni Nicola , Kaufmann Stefan Hugo Ernst , Sauer Uwe
Published: August 2017

The nutrients consumed by intracellular pathogens are mostly unknown. This is mainly due to the challenge of disentangling host and pathogen metabolism sharing the majority of metabolic pathways and hence metabolites. Here, we investigated the metabolic changes of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
, the causative agent of tuberculosis, and its human host cell during early infection. To this aim, we combined gene expression data of both organisms and metabolite changes during the course of infection through integration into a genome-wide metabolic network. This led to the identification of infection-specific metabolic alterations, which we further exploited to model host-pathogen interactions quantitatively by flux balance analysis. These
in silico
data suggested that tubercle bacilli consume up to 33 different nutrients during early macrophage infection, which the bacteria utilize to generate energy and biomass to establish intracellular growth. Such multisubstrate fueling strategy renders the pathogen’s metabolism robust toward perturbations, such as innate immune responses or antibiotic treatments.
Large-Scale Phylogenomics of the
Lactobacillus casei
Group Highlights Taxonomic Inconsistencies and Reveals Novel Clade-Associated Features
Authors: Wuyts Sander , Wittouck Stijn , De Boeck Ilke , Allonsius Camille N. , Pasolli Edoardo , Segata Nicola , Lebeer Sarah
Published: August 2017

The closely related species of the
Lactobacillus casei
group are extensively studied because of their applications in food fermentations and as probiotics. Our results show that many strains in this group are incorrectly classified and that reclassifying them to their most closely related species type strain improves the functional predictive power of their taxonomy. In addition, our findings may spark increased interest in the
L. casei
species. We find that after reclassification, only 10 genomes remain classified as
L. casei
. These strains show some interesting properties. First, they all appear to be catalase positive. This suggests that they have increased oxidative stress resistance. Second, we isolated an
L. casei
strain from the human upper respiratory tract and discovered that it and multiple other
L. casei
strains harbor one or even two large, glycosylated putative surface adhesins. This might inspire further exploration of this species as a potential probiotic organism.
Polycystic ovary syndrome with asynchronous bilateral adnexal torsion in a natural cycle
Authors: Matsuoka Shozo , Kobayashi Toru , Kusunoki Soshi , Ogishima Daiki
Published: August 2017

Cases involving polycystic ovaries (PCOs) with adnexal torsion in a natural cycle without ovulation induction are rare, and no reports of such cases have described asynchronous bilateral adnexal torsion. Here, we report a case of PCO syndrome (PCOS) with asynchronous bilateral adnexal torsion in a natural cycle. The patient was a 37-year-old woman with a history of 2 gravidas 1 para. Her primary complaint was left lower abdominal pain. Ultrasonography and MRI identified multiple uterine myomas occupying the pelvis and the left ovary, with oedematous swelling that had moved ventrally to the uterus. She was diagnosed with adnexal torsion and underwent emergency laparoscopic adnexectomy. Nine months after surgery, she experienced right lower abdominal pain. Ultrasonography revealed suspected right adnexal torsion and she underwent emergency surgery. The right ovary was twisted 540° counterclockwise and swollen to 7 cm in size, with partial polycystic changes. She was histopathologically diagnosed with a PCO, and the final diagnosis, which also considered the endocrine test results, was PCOS. In PCOS, adnexal torsion may occur if the swollen ovary moves because of a hysteromyoma or other cause. Accordingly, torsion should be considered during the follow-up of patients with PCOS.
Large pectoral haematoma post-transradial catheterisation: an unusual but avoidable complication
Authors: Sharma Ajay , Rajvanshi Satyam , Kumar Tarun , Pandit Neeraj
Published: August 2017

Large pectoral haematoma is an extremely rare complication of transradial catheterisation. Branch or main vessel injury due to luminal passage of guidewires and catheters may lead to bleeding and haematoma formation at adjacent sites along the vessel track. We present a 53-year-old post-transradial catheterisation patient, who complained of chest pain due to right axillary artery branch perforation causing haematoma, which was emergently managed by embolisation with autologous coagulated blood.
Progressive realisation of universal health coverage: what are the required processes and evidence?
Authors: Baltussen R , Jansen M P , Bijlmakers L , Tromp N , Yamin A E , Norheim O F
Published: August 2017

Progressive realisation is invoked as the guiding principle for countries on their own path to universal health coverage (UHC). It refers to the governmental obligations to immediately and progressively move towards the full realisation of UHC. This paper provides procedural guidance for countries, that is, how they can best organise their processes and evidence collection to make decisions on what services to provide first under progressive realisation. We thereby use ‘evidence-informed deliberative processes’, a generic value assessment framework to guide decision making on the choice of health services. We apply this to the concept of progressive realisation of UHC.

We reason that countries face two important choices to achieve UHC. First, they need to define which services they consider as high priority, on the basis of their social values, including cost-effectiveness, priority to the worse off and financial risk protection. Second, they need to make tough choices whether they should first include more priority services, first expand coverage of existing priority services or first reduce co-payments of existing priority services. Evidence informed deliberative processes can facilitate these choices for UHC, and are also essential to the progressive realisation of the right to health. The framework informs health authorities on how they can best organise their processes in terms of composition of an appraisal committee including stakeholders, of decision-making criteria, collection of evidence and development of recommendations, including their communication. In conclusion, this paper fills in an important gap in the literature by providing procedural guidance for countries to progressively realise UHC.
Critical care nursing: caring for patients who are agitated
Authors: Freeman Samantha , Teece Angela
Published: August 2017

EBN engages readers through a range of Online social media activities to debate issues important to nurses and nursing. EBN Opinion papers highlight and expand on these debates.