bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mística y Romanticismo. Las fuentes místicas del Romanticismo alemán, por Ernst Benz.
Authors: Ramírez Cordón Miguel Ángel
Published: May 2018

Ressenya / Reseña / Review
Benz, Ernst 2016, Mística y Romanticismo. Las fuentes místicas del Romanticismo alemán, Madrid: Siruela. ISBN 978-84-16638-25-3, 180 páginas
Modalidades del mal durante el nacionalsocialismo
Authors: Leiva Bustos Javier
Published: May 2018

Modalities of Evil during National Socialism
 
Resumen: Considerando que los diversos actos y atrocidades perpetrados por el nacionalsocialismo no pueden reducirse a una única teoría, a una única causa o a una única raíz, el presente artículo se propone analizar las diferentes expresiones que el mal adoptó durante el III Reich. Para ello, analizaremos los términos arendtianos de “banalidad del mal” y “mal radical”; presentaremos nuestra propuesta de lo que hemos denominado “espontaneidad del mal”; expondremos el mal que se veían obligados a realizar los prisioneros de los campos de concentración; y, finalmente, atenderemos tanto a la complicidad activa como pasiva por parte del pueblo alemán.
Palabras clave: banalidad del mal, complicidad, espontaneidad del mal, mal concentracionario, mal radical. 
 
Abstract: Considering that several acts and atrocities perpetrated by National Socialism cannot be reduced to a singular theory, to a singular cause nor to a singular root, the purpose of this essay is to analyze the different expressions that evil adopted in the Third Reich. In order to do that, we will analyse the Arendtian terms “banality of evil” and “radical evil”; we will introduce the term “spontaneity of evil”; we will show the evil that prisoners of concentration camps were forced to perform; and, finally, we will pay as much attention to active as to passive collusion carried out by German people.
Keywords: banality of evil, collusion, spontaneity of evil, concentracionary evil, radical evil.
Habitar la finitud: El primer movimiento de la existencia humana como asentamiento residencial en el pensamiento fenomenológico de Jan Patocka
Authors: Llorente Cardo Jaime
Published: May 2018

To dwell in finitude. The first movement of human existence as residential settlement in Jan Pato?ka’s phenomenological thought
 
Resumen: El presente estudio se centra en la interpretación del primero de los tres movimientos de la existencia humana postulados por el fenomenólogo checo Jan Patocka, como un procedimiento orientado a ocultar la originaria alteridad del Ser y, consecuentemente, a favorecer el habitar humano en el mundo. La propia estructura de nuestra percepción y nuestra relación original con los otros formarían parte de ese mecanismo de inserción residencial que caracteriza al movimiento de “anclaje” o “enraizamiento”.
Palabras clave: Patocka, habitar, movimiento de la existencia, enraizamiento.
 
Abstract: The present work focuses on the interpretation of the first of the three movements of human existence postulated by the Czech phenomenologist Jan Patocka, as a procedure tending towards the concealing of the original alterity of Being and, in consequence, to favour human dwelling in the world. The structure of our perception itself and our original relation with the others would form part of that residential insertion that characterizes the movement of “anchorage” or “rooting”.
Keywords: Patocka, dwelling, movement of existence, rooting.
Sobre la respuesta de Carlos Moya al Argumento de la Suerte
Authors: Pérez de Calleja Mirja
Published: May 2018

On Carlos Moya's Reply to the Argument from Luck
 
Resumen: Esta nota crítica se centra en el argumento de Carlos Moya (2017, 168-70) a favor de la conclusión de que el Argumento de la Suerte representa en realidad un problema mayor para los compatibilistas que para los libertaristas. La Sección 1 introduce brevemente el Argumento de la Suerte. La Sección 2 discute la distinción de Moya entre dos concepciones de deliberación práctica, y propone una manera alternativa a la de Moya de entender la crítica al libertarismo que se basa en la condición de que cualquier decisión libre debe tener una explicación contrastiva. Finalmente, la Sección 3 resume la respuesta libertarista de Moya al Argumento de la Suerte, y sugiere un modelo alternativo de determinismo que Moya podría considerar para completar su argumento.
Palabras clave: libre albedrío, Argumento de la Suerte, libertarismo, compatibilismo, explicación contrastiva, determinismo.
 
Abstract: This review focuses on Carlos Moya’s (2017, 168-70) argument for the conclusion that the Argument from Luck actually represents a greater problem for compatibilism than for libertarianism. Section 1 briefly introduces the Argument from Luck. Section 2 discusses Moya’s distinction between two conceptions of practical deliberation, and suggests a justification that Moya does not consider for the condition that any free decision must have a contrastive explanation. Finally, Section 3 summarizes Moya’s libertarian response to the Argument from Luck, and suggests an alternative model of determinism that Moya might consider to complete his argument.
Keywords: free will, Argument from Luck, libertarianism compatibilism, contrastive explanation, determinism.
Rescatando los casos Mele/Robb
Authors: Rychter Pablo
Published: May 2018

Rescuing Mele/Robb Cases
 
Resumen: Mi intención en este trabajo es exponer algunas dudas sobre las consideraciones que Carlos Moya (2017) esgrime en contra de un tipo particular de “Caso Frankfurt”: el “caso de bloqueo” descrito por Mele y Robb (1998). En primer lugar, argumento que el caso de Mele/Robb es un contraejemplo exitoso al Principio de Posibilidades Alternativas aún si, en contra de lo que sus proponentes sugieren, la acción relevante está causada de manera determinista. Por otro lado, argumento que el agente en el caso Mele/Robb ejercita un tipo relevante de control racional sobre su acción.
Palabras clave: Frankfurt, Moya, sobredeterminación, sensibilidad a razones.
 
Abstract: My goal in this paper is to expose some doubts about the arguments that Carlos Moya (2017) addresses against a particular Frankfurt-style case: the “blockage case” described by Mele and Robb (1998). I argue first that the Mele/Robb case is a succesful counterexample to the Alternative Possibilities Principle even if, against what its proponents suggest, the relevant action is deterministically caused. Second, I argue that the agent in the Mele/Robb case exercises a relevant sort of rational control over her action.
Keywords: Frankfurt, Moya, overdetermination, reasons-responsiveness.
Ética para educadores. ¿Cuál es el lugar de la ética para el siglo XXI?, por P.P. Correa Fontecilla
Authors: De Tienda Palop Lydia
Published: May 2018

Ressenya / Reseña / Review
Correa Fontecilla, P. P. 2015, Ética para educadores. ¿Cuál es el lugar de la ética para el siglo XXI?, Santiago de Chile: Editorial Universitaria. ISBN 978-956-11-2469-1, 256 páginas
Small States in World Politics
Authors: Maass Matthias
Published: May 2018

What is the story behind the paradoxical survival of small and weak states in a world of great powers and crude power politics? The answer lies at the system-level: Small states survival is shaped by the international states system. Resting on three main pillars – theory, history, and quantitative analysis – the study’s key findings draw a picture of the small state as highly dependent on the states system in its efforts to survive.
The investigation is focused on the causal link between small state survival, abolishment, or proliferation and the states system in its various historical incarnations. This provides the basis for the main argument: Variations in the states system’s main characteristics create noticeable changes in the system’s hospitality toward the small state and thus impact heavily on small state survivability. These dynamics lead to small state creation and termination, which is reflected in and thus explains the large up- or downward changes in the number of small states over time.
Practising EU Foreign Policy
Authors: Futák-Campbell Beatrix
Published: May 2018

This book is a novel contribution to practice theory in International Relations, focusing on how EU practitioners approach the Union’s foreign policy to its eastern neighbourhood, including Russia, from a poststructuralist perspective. It offers a new methodology to capture practices through the analytical approach of Discursive International Relations and the Discursive Practice Model (DPM). DPM focuses on the micro-interactional features of practitioners’ social actions, agency and rhetorical devices, exploring what practitioners accomplish with them and how they relate this back to foreign policy practices.
Drawing from data gathered at the European Council, the European Commission and the European Parliament’s AFET committee members, the study concludes that practitioners are concerned with the collective EU identity and how Russia and the eastern neighbours fit within this ‘Europeaness’. But they are equally concerned with normative and moral duties and collective security interests. This suggest that practitioners are a lot more pragmatic when it comes to this policy area then previously assumed by the vast literature on normative power in Europe. This pragmatism does not mean that identity, normative and moral concerns do not matter, but rather that they all interplay when practitioner consider this policy area. Moreover, practitioners ought to be cautious of using moral concerns when considering the eastern neighbours as they jeopardise being seen as a moralising power, rather than a moral authority in the region. The current Ukrainian crises are testament to that.
The normative role of the EU in the eastern region
Authors: Futák-Campbell Beatrix
Published: May 2018

This chapter focuses on norms and the functions of norms in EU foreign policy. The analysis presented here offers an evaluation of the EU’s role as a normative power in the region, examining what EU practitioners understand as norms. It also offers insight in the context in which EU foreign policy is practiced through norms which in turn guide the practices of EU practitioners.
The following patterns emerge from the data. First, how norms are constructed, what norms the EU can spread to its neighbours and how practitioners can urge neighbouring states to embrace these norms through the EU’s prescribed reform process. Second, practitioners’ attention shifts to the EU model of norms itself. They strive not only to make the specific EU model relevant but also attractive to the neighbours. In addition, they claim to have the necessary expertise to assist these countries to emulate this model. Third, practitioners address two sources of non-compliance: one is non-alignment with the EU model, and the second is the existence of a competing model, the Russian model, that does not quite meet EU standards of norms. Finally, practitioners put forward an all-encompassing EU-centric view that reveals a particular ethnocentric view.
Justifying the EU’s interests in the region: energy security
Authors: Futák-Campbell Beatrix
Published: May 2018

Building on the three previous chapters’ findings on collective ‘European’ identity, norms and moral concerns, this chapter turns to collective EU interest formulations. There are numerous collective interests such as terrorism, hybrid threats, economic volatility, climate change and energy security that have been identified by the EU Global Strategy (EU HR/VP 2016). These interests not only bind EU member states into acting together, but also signify to other, non-EU states what the EU is focusing on. The practitioners who participated in the study also identified migration, the environment, organised crime and transport as collective EU interests. Unsurprisingly they identified energy security as the most pressing common security interest that unites EU member states.
Three main patterns emerge from the corpus. First, practitioners’ constructions of energy interests are examined. The second pattern reveals practitioners’ accounts of future plans to manage the collective EU concern over energy supplies. In the third and final pattern, practitioners offer justifications of EU interests in the eastern region, beyond the collective interests in energy supplies, and again through invoking moral concerns and the vocation attributes the EU has for the eastern neighbours.
The stranger in the fiction of John McGahern
Authors: Doljanin Željka
Published: May 2018

This chapter considers McGahern’s last novel, That They May Face the Rising Sun and selected stories, alongside the novels and stories of the handful of writers who, during the Celtic Tiger era and beyond, attempted to provide a mirror image of their multicultural society through the writing of foreign characters in their fictions. The chapter asks why these characters too often appear to have no history, heritage or sense of belonging to their own culture, thus failing to seriously engage the reader with the question of migration or detachment from one’s home. Comparison are made with McGahern, whose primary material was a closed monocultural community, inhabited by a handful of outsiders, local eccentrics and emigrants, yet who managed to convey deep understanding for the predicament of living elsewhere and for those who find themselves on this twofold journey, the both painful and privileged place of ‘in-between’.
Inside McGahern’s workshop
Authors: Meehan Paula
Published: May 2018

Another personal piece, this chapter traces the artistic beginnings and formation of the poet, Paula Meehan, former Chair of Irish Poetry, seen through the prism of a creative writing workshop delivered by John McGahern at the beginning of Meehan’s career, in Galway of 1979. The chapter brings closer McGahern the teacher and the mentor, contemplating his writing habits, his thoughts on the act of writing and on the accompanying solitude. The chapter considers McGahern’s views on the art of fiction and shows how passionately he emphasised, and tried to convey, the importance of working hard at writing, rewriting and starting again, being ruthless with oneself in order to ‘master the material’.
An interview with John McGahern
Authors: Ziel Stanley van der
Published: May 2018

This chapter is an interview with John McGahern, conducted by Stanley van der Ziel in 2004. In it McGahern talks about the system of manners and novel as a social form; style as the expression of personality; ritual; style; technique; image; critical writing; painting; translation; adaptations, and Beckett, among other things.
Lounge Manchester: the new politics of loungification
Authors: O’Doherty Damian
Published: May 2018

This chapter asks us to consider how ‘lounging around’ on sofas seems to be a critical component in a new or emerging politics of Manchester that reveals a double movement between state and civil society: one of mutual entanglement and on-going efforts to (re)divide and separate the two. Based on ethnographic research conducted at the Manchester Airport Group 2009-2012 this chapter follows some of the actors and practices involved in the making of the Escape Lounge at Manchester Airport terminal 1. It draws out an important feature of what he calls ‘loungification’ that allows us to see the ties that bind together a range of actors typically positioned in different formal organizations and at different ‘levels’ or scales of formal institutional politics. The chapter proposes that the ‘Manchester vibe’ also speaks about the contemporary form of the state which is itself a ‘becoming-vibe’.
‘People want jobs, they want a life!’ Deindustrialisation and loss in East Manchester
Authors: Lewis Camilla
Published: May 2018

Despite millions of pounds of urban regeneration funding, high levels of unemployment and welfare dependency continue to characterise East Manchester. The rapid disappearance of industry not only brought about a dramatic reduction in jobs, but also, a deep sense of uncertainty about the future, and a strong sense of loss for former ways of life. This chapter argues that the industrial past continues to shape older people’s sense of place, through physical reminders in the material environment and also discursively, through sharing memories of previous places of employment. It reveals however, that place attachment has become ruptured for long-standing residents, who are highly conscious of the discontinuities between their own experiences and those of previous generations.
A little Brit different? BBC America and transnational constructs of Britishness
Authors: Newton Darrell M.
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines how BBCA has represented contemporary Britain in its programming choices since 1998, when it began service in the United States. With a healthy range of programming that featured black and Asian Britons from 2004–11 no longer being offered by the channel, the essay argues that the diminished presence of these characters of colour directly affected cultural diversity on BBCA. In turn, the changes in programming choices has constructed Britishness in a manner that reinforces a mostly white, nearly homogeneous nation-state, one that draws from an American fascination with ‘Anglophenia’. There has been limited research on the subject of BBCA specifically, but works by Christine Becker and Melinda Lewis provide insights on its efforts to represent Britain and to capture a portion of the American television market. The chapter also draws from an original interview with past CEO of BBCA Bill Hilary (2004–6) conducted in May 2016.
Imperial fictions: Doctor Who, post-racial slavery and other liberal humanist fantasies
Authors: Loza Susana
Published: May 2018

Utilizing an interdisciplinary amalgam of critical ethnic studies, media studies, cultural studies and post-colonial theory, this chapter considers how the 2005 reboot of Doctor Who utilizes deracialized and decontextualized slavery allegories to absolve white guilt over the Transatlantic Slave Trade, express and contain xenophobic anxieties about post-colonial British multiculture, reinforce black racial stereotypes, and bolster white privilege by demanding viewers adopt the series colour-blind liberal humanist standpoint. In The Racial Contract, Charles Mills asserts that ‘white misunderstanding, misrepresentation, evasion, and self-deception on matters related to race are among the most pervasive mental phenomena of the past few hundred years, a cognitive and moral economy psychically required for conquest, colonization, and enslavement.’ By closely examining the imperial fictions and post-racial slavery parables of Doctor Who, the chapter hopes to illuminate the program’s ‘structural opacities,’ how its colour-blind universalism sustains and nourishes the boundaries of contemporary whiteness and colonial consciousness, and the fraught place of race in multicultural and ostensibly postcolonial Britain.
Framing The Fosters: jokes, racism and Black and Asian voices in British comedy television
Authors: Schaffer Gavin
Published: May 2018

This chapter interrogates the relationship between television comedy, power and racial politics in post-war Britain. In a period where Black and Asian Britons were forced to negotiate racism as a day-to-day reality, the essay questions the role played by television comedy in reflecting and shaping British multicultural society. Specifically, this chapter probes Black and Asian agency in comedy production, questioning who the joke makers were and what impact this had on the development of comedy and its reception. The work of scholars of Black and Asian comedy television such as Sarita Malik, and of Black stand-up comedy such as Stephen Small, has helped us to understand that Black- and Asian-led British comedy emerged belatedly in the 1980s and 1990s, hindered by the historical underrepresentation of these communities in British cultural production and the disinclination of British cultural leaders to address this problem. This chapter uses these scholarly frames of reference, alongside research that addresses the social and political functions of comedy, to re-open the social history of Black British communities in post-war Britain through the story of sitcom.
Black Flags and Social Movements
Authors: Williams Dana M.
Published: May 2018

Anarchism may be the most misunderstood political ideology of the modern era—it’s surely one of the least studied social movements by English-speaking scholars. Black Flags and Social Movements addresses this deficit with an in-depth analysis of contemporary anarchist movements, as interpreted by social movement theories and the analytical tools of political sociologists. Using unique datasets—gathered by anarchists themselves—the book presents longitudinal and international analyses that focus upon who anarchists are (similar, yet, different from classic anarchists) and where they may be found (most countries in the world, but especially in European and North American cities). Even though scholars have studiously avoided the contradictions and complications that anti-state movements present for their theories, numerous social movement ideas, including political opportunity, new social movements, and social capital theory, are relevant and adaptable to understanding anarchist movements. Due to their sometimes limited numbers and due to their identities as radical anti-authoritarians, anarchists often find themselves collaborating with numerous other social movements, bringing along their values, ideas, and tactics.
Anti-state political opportunities
Authors: Williams Dana M.
Published: May 2018

The anarchist movement utilizes non-statist and anti-statist strategies for radical social transformation, thus indicating the limits of political opportunity theory and its emphasis upon the state. Using historical narratives from present-day anarchist movement literature, I note various events and phenomena in the last two centuries and their relevance to the mobilization and demobilization of anarchist movements throughout the world (Bolivia, Czech Republic, Great Britain, Greece, Japan, and Venezuela). Labor movement allies, failing state socialism, and punk subculture have provided conditions conducive to anarchism, while state repression and Bolshevik triumph in the Soviet Union constrained success. This variation suggests that future work should attend more closely to the role of national context, and the interrelationship of political and non-political factors. Additionally, the key question of what constitutes movement “success” for revolutionary movements that “move forward”, yet do not achieve revolutionary transformation (indeed, who conceive of a final, complete transformation to be theoretically impossible), seems to be a problem faced uniquely by anarchist movements. Instead, thinking of opportunity as being global, non-politically-based, and unattached to “ultimate objectives” like revolution, help to make these ideas more useful for understanding anarchist mobilization.
Radical isomorphism and the anti-authoritarian diffusion of leaderless organizations
Authors: Williams Dana M.
Published: May 2018

Social movements are interested in the creation of alternative social practices, but must rely upon previous ideas and actions for a starting place. Ideally, anarchists seek to borrow good ideas and avoid bad ideas. This is challenging given anarchist movements’ horizontalist structures—tactics and organizational forms must be transmitted non-hierarchically in order to remain legitimate, as there is not central organization managing, authorizing, and dictating to new anarchist organizations. They key means for institutional isomorphism—how organizations tend to have comparable characteristics—with anarchist movements, is mimicry. This chapter analyses the creation and founding iterations of four “anarchistic franchise organizations”: Anti-Racist Action, Critical Mass, Earth First!, and Food Not Bombs. These tactics and organizational forms have spread through networks of activists and organizers (mainly via word-of-mouth and first-hand experience) and media (especially the Internet, as well as activist press and sometimes mainstream media).
Labour’s liberalism: gay rights and video nasties
Authors: Bloomfield Paul
Published: May 2018

This article covers a time in which the defence and improvement of the Lesbian and Gay community was employed as a political stick with which to beat Labour. It highlights the tensions and contradictions with Labour’s liberalism and considers how a Party which, in the 1950s and 60s, had facilitated a relaxation of censorship laws in Britain, was unsure how to react to the great ‘Video Nasties’ furore of the mid-1980s and did little to provide constructive criticism of the legislation when it was presented. The Party stumbled over the path it wished to take in pursuit of a more liberal country, and this represented the classic dilemma faced by Labour in having to appeal to both the (perceived) liberal-minded middle classes and the more socially conservative working class which it was set up to serve. This article shows that, despite the upheaval that was taking place within Labour, it could still be a reforming force. It maintained its commitment to minority rights at a time when such sentiments were viewed with downright hostility, particularly in the eyes of the tabloid newspapers. In spite of the divisions within the Party, Labour found common ground in the promotion of social liberalism.
Conclusion
Authors: Sykes Rachel
Published: May 2018

This book has argued that ‘quiet’ is a literary aesthetic, used frequently in contemporary American fiction to privilege reflection and contemplation as a way of engaging with the present. Tracing a long history of quiet in Anglo-American literature and focusing more specifically on American works published since 2000, I have argued that the contemporary American novel is quiet when its narrative is focalised through the mind of a quiet character and set in a quiet location where the protagonist has the time and space to reflect on their present moment. In many ways, New York City is a fitting location in which to end this study. In ...
Not that serious?
Authors: Taylor J. D.
Published: May 2018

The Angry Brigade claimed responsibility for ten high-profile bomb attacks against cabinet ministers, police, employers involved in industrial disputes, and other targets of a broadly anti-capitalist bent over 1970-71 in Britain, and were linked to a further fifteen. This chapter analyses their emergence from a milieu of wider left-wing political violence over the period, and assesses their activities and communiqués, the heavy-handed police investigation that follows, and the trial of the ‘Stoke Newington Eight’ over 1972, whose defence resulted in legal innovations and a significant support group. Drawing on archival research, interviews and historical analysis, it seeks to take the group seriously, often derided as Pythonesque or a suicidal diversion for an isolated minority on the Far Left. While emerging from overlapping networks in the counterculture and young British New Left, it argues that its choice of targets, its horizontal and diffuse organisation, and the crude police crackdown and prosecution forecasts some of the political weather of the far Left in Britain over the 1970s and beyond.
Origins of the present crisis?
Authors: Scothorne Rory , Gibbs Ewan
Published: May 2018

The current state of the radical left and, more broadly, politics in Scotland has its roots in the unique set of political, economic and intellectual conditions found in the 1960s and 1970s. Where mainstream accounts of the origins and development of Scottish nationalism - and its increasing popularity on the left - emphasise political and economic origins in these decades, this chapter emphasises the equally crucial intellectual developments of the period. Khruschev’s ‘secret speech’, ‘de-Stalinization’ and the Soviet invasion of Hungary in 1956 engendered a growing plurality of perspectives on the European left, and it was under these new conditions that the British left increasingly questioned Stalinist orthodoxies, and established critiques of labourism and the ‘British Road to Socialism’. The search for alternatives to the classical Marxist, social democratic and Soviet canons led to a new theoretical heterodoxy, bringing Gramscian and world-systems theories to the fore along with a more politically ambiguous conception of the ‘national question’. This chapter integrates an analysis of the intellectual development of left-wing Scottish nationalism with a consideration of the growth of its influence within the labour movement during the 1960s and 1970s.
The Militant Tendency and entrism in the Labour Party
Authors: Massey Christopher
Published: May 2018

This chapter explores the tactic of entrism within the British Labour Party pursued by the Revolutionary Socialist League and the Militant Tendency between 1955 and 1991. It also explores Labour’s response to such tactics by assessing the impact of the party’s internal investigations into Militant in the 1970s and 1980s, particularly the expulsion of the Militant Editorial Board in 1983, and the Inquiry into the Militant Tendency in Liverpool in 1985-6. Through an examination of the Militant newspaper, the group’s penetration of Labour’s youth wing, and its activities in Liverpool, this study analyses the extent of Militant’s infiltration of the Labour Party.
Introduction: beginning the trail
Authors: Gemie Sharif , Ireland Brian
Published: May 2018

A survey of the travellers introduces this book. It includes reference to a database concerning 80 journeys out to the east. The chapter explores the historical context of the 1960s, the counter-culture, the development of the term ‘hippy’ and its various meanings. Basic information about the travellers (such as average age, gender, and destination) is given. Existing approaches and understandings of the 1960s are explored. The start date (1957) and end date (1978) of our study are explained. The differences between the various travellers are noted, and the qualities which united them are also identified. Most of our sample of 80 would have refused to identify themselves as ‘hippies’: this point is considered and discussed. The existing studies of the trail and similar topics are briefly considered.
Drugs and the trail
Authors: Gemie Sharif , Ireland Brian
Published: May 2018

Was a search for drugs the main motivation that inspired travellers to go to the East? The chapter begins by considering one addict’s experience: however, the argument presented is that this was not typical. A historical contextualisation for drug-taking is given, noting how drugs of all sorts were often linked to Eastern cultures, even when there was no direct connection. Varied attitudes towards drug-taking are identified; in particular, the attitudes of an abstaining minority are considered. The chapter concludes by arguing that the existence of a wide range of considerably different attitudes to drug-taking means that drugs cannot be seen as a single, all-encompassing explanation for travel to the east.
The hippie as pilgrim
Authors: Gemie Sharif , Ireland Brian
Published: May 2018

The chapter starts by recounting the story of ‘George’, who travelled to India and found a faith. Some historical contextualisation is given: the decline of Christian beliefs and practices in the UK and USA after 1945 is considered. There were precedents to spiritual searches in the East: in the nineteenth century both Egypt and Tibet were seen as lands which held mystical truths. The rise of new forms of religion in the West, such as Buddhism, is considered. It is argued that these religions had a particular force in the USA. The appeal of Buddhism, Hinduism and Sufism is considered. On the other hand, there was a groundswell of religious scepticism among some travellers. In conclusion, it is argued that the hippy trail should be considered as a form of secular, possibly spiritual, pilgrimage.
Fire and phoenix
Authors: Bergeron David M.
Published: May 2018

This chapter begins with the burning of the Globe Theatre on 29 June 1613 and comments on the play being performed there, Henry VIII. This play’s ending looks forward to the reign of King James and creates the image of ‘phoenix’. The discussion circles back to James’s poem Phoenix, and its final anticipation of Ludovic Stuart, the 9-year-old son of Esmé. On his arrival in Scotland, Ludovic assumed his father’s title as Duke of Lennox. He followed James to England and served him as a major confidant, becoming a kind of ‘phoenix’. The chapter includes a brief discussion of Lennox’s participation in a variety of political and cultural events. It closes with Two Noble Kinsmen, which, with its funerals and wedding, points toward the events of 1613.
Two noble kinsmen and a funeral
Authors: Bergeron David M.
Published: May 2018

This chapter focuses on Prince Henry, the heir apparent, and Prince Frederick, Elector Palatine of Germany. Frederick arrived in England in October 1612 in order to marry Princess Elizabeth. Henry and Frederick spent considerable time together in various activities. Most of the chapter explores Henry and the startling fact of his unexpected death on 6 November, charting the progression of his illness and sometimes gruesome treatments and demonstrating the impact of his death, including the funeral on 7 December. An incalculable outpouring of grief gets documented in part by the many elegies that poured from printing presses, such as those by Donne, Heywood, and Webster. England would not be the same afterward.
Two great stars
Authors: Bergeron David M.
Published: May 2018

The two stars in conjunction refers to the competing and complementing cultural spheres of the court and London. Thus, the chapter focuses on the exceptional output of books printed and drama performed in London. The discussion examines books on the environment, such as those of Arthur Standish and Gervase Markham; publications about colonization and exploration, such as those by Sylvester Jourdain and Robert Harcourt. Poetry focuses on the published works of William Browne, John Taylor, and George Wither. Powerful tragedies by Marston, Chapman, and Webster are examined; likewise, comedies, such as those by Jonson, Beaumont, and Middleton. The chapter ends with a discussion of Middleton’s mayoralty pageant, The Triumphs of Truth, performed in London’s streets on 29 October. These performances and publications forge a powerful cultural force that enlivened and enriched life in Shakespeare’s London, complementing the cultural life of the Jacobean court.
The superpower’s dilemma: to appease, repress, or transform transnational advocacy networks?
Authors: Noakes Stephen
Published: May 2018

This introductory chapter spells out a crucial problem in the study of transnational networks from the perspective of international relations scholarship—if TANs are fundamentally ideational constructs, defined and driven by commitment to a core principle or cause, what are we to make of periodic changes to their mission and message? What is the role of China’s strong authoritarian state in shaping the trajectories and results of transnational advocacy campaigns? The chapter posits that the soft power of the state (backed by coercive capability) imposes incentives on TANs that can effect the various processes and pathways taken by advocacy campaigns. The chapter suggests that advocates and activists need to take the state and its structures seriously when crafting advocacy, given the causal influence these have over campaign trajectories and campaign results.
Can you find the white woman in this picture? Brunias’s ‘ladies’ of ambiguous race
Authors: Bagneris Mia L.
Published: May 2018

Taking a more theoretical approach, this chapter explores Brunias’s depiction of racially ambiguous bodies. It offers an in-depth investigation of the ways in which the subtext of the artist’s work subtly undermined the fixed racial categories. Presaging constructionist theories of racial identity, these works point to the dilemmas of visualising ‘race’ in the Anglo-American world, gesturing toward ‘race’ as a category inextricably rooted in visual knowledge yet incapable of being sustained by it.
National education: promise and paralysis
Authors: O'Connor Adrian
Published: May 2018

Chapter 2 analyzes the debates over education that followed upon the expulsion of the Jesuits from Paris in 1762 and from France in 1764. The expulsion created practical as well as political problems for Louis XV’s France, helping to intertwine Enlightenment debates over the purpose and practices of education with on-going debates about the composition, character, and powers of the French state. It offers a new interpretation of the post-expulsion debates and reforms, arguing that where historians have customarily seen consensus and a series of cooperative but incomplete reforms, there was in fact a deep crisis in Ancien Régime politics, one that centered on ideas about the French nation, state, and society.
Migration Into Art
Authors: Petersen Anne Ring
Published: May 2018

This book addresses a topic of increasing importance to artists, art historians and scholars of cultural studies, migration studies and international relations: migration as a profoundly world-transforming force that has remodelled artistic and art institutional practices across the world. It explores contemporary art’s entanglement and critical engagement with migration and globalisation as a key source to improving our understanding of how these processes transform identities, cultures, institutions and geopolitics. Focusing on the interrelations between transcultural identities, the paradoxes of globalisation and the experience of migration as structured by both mobility and settlement, longing and belonging, identification and disidentification, it contributes knowledge about three interwoven issues of enduring interest.
Firstly, it is concerned with identity and belonging because migration challenges the identities of the people who migrate but also of the communities where migrants settle. The second set of issues revolves around visibility and recognition. Which impact does increased mobility have on the art world and the careers and works of artists? How have the discursive, structural and artistic changes paved the way for the idea of ‘global art’ and a growing institutional visibility and recognition of artists with a migrant background? Thirdly, the book is concerned with the question of the interrelations between aesthetics and politics and how aesthetics, politics and ethics may be balanced in artistic representations of migration, especially forced migration.
Introduction
Authors: Petersen Anne Ring
Published: May 2018

The introduction presents the book’s ambition to explore how contemporary art and culture have been, and continue to be, transformed by intensified migration. It takes as its starting point the premise that in an increasingly globalised world, mobility and cultural contacts are both common aspects of everyday life and complicating factors with respect to national, regional, cultural and communal identities. However, such mobility and connectivity also give impetus to processes of globalisation, which this study treats as inextricably linked to migration. Starting with a consideration of contemporary migration and globalisation, and drawing on Jacques Rancière’s and Chantal Mouffe’s theories of the connection between art and politics, the Introduction moves on to the book’s three key concerns – identity and belonging, visibility and recognition, aesthetics and politics. They are introduced and explained by way of an analysis of three works by Danh Vo, Thukral & Tagra and Emily Jacir. Then follows a short literature review and an account of how this book sits within the field described as ‘studies in contemporary art and migration’. After an overview of the book’s chapters, the Introduction accounts for the book’s overall approach.
The politics of hope in 1970s Britain
Authors: Forrest David , Vice Sue
Published: May 2018

This chapter focuses on a period of extremely fruitful aesthetic production for Hines, in terms of the novels and screenplays that followed A Kestrel for a Knave. During the 1970s, Hines’s political energies were directed towards considering the institutions and structures of life at a time of active struggle for workers’ rights. Thus industrial action is evident in his novel First Signs (1972), and the pair of Plays for Today The Price of Coal (1977) looks back at the miners’ strikes of the early 1970s even as it anticipates the catastrophic strike of 1984-5. 1973’s Play for Today Speech Day is an experimental play about the class-related implications of education and the dim prospects for school-leavers, his novel The Gamekeeper (1975) about class injustice in relation to private land-ownership. Tom Kite is an unproduced screenplay about the potential offered by football for a working-class man to escape his origins.
CERD and discrimination against Roma
Authors: Cahn Claude
Published: May 2018

The chapter provides a chronological account of CERD’s engagement with discrimination against Roma and its central contribution to developments which have brought about a fundamentally changed understanding of the Roma as a heterodox set of ethnic groups.
General Recommendation 34: a contribution to the visibility and inclusion of Afro-descendants in Latin America
Authors: Murillo Pastor , Ojulari Esther
Published: May 2018

The chapter analyses the role of CERD in highlighting and addressing the discrimination suffered by Afro-descendants in Latin America. CERD General Recommendation 34 (on people of African descent is detailed, including its potential as a stepping-stone towards an International Declaration on the Rights of Afro-descendants.
CERD, the State, mining corporations and indigenous peoples’ rights: the experience of the Subanon in the Philippines
Authors: Doyle Cathal
Published: May 2018

The chapter offers a compelling case study on the operationalization of CERD’s early warning and urgent action procedure in the case of the Subanon community located at the foot of Mt Canatuan in the Phillippines, and provides a close-up of the relevance of the treaty on the ground.
General Recommendation 35 on combating racist hate speech
Authors: McGonagle Tarlach
Published: May 2018

The chapter outlines how ICERD has traditionally had an outlier status among international human rights treaties in respect of racist hate speech due to its heavy reliance on the criminalisation of certain types of expression in order to combat racism. The recent General Recommendation 35 recognises that ICERD as a living instrument must be better synchronised and informed by contemporary understandings of racist hate speech, its causes, manifestations and impact.
Family background and early life
Authors: McGhie Henry A.
Published: May 2018

This chapter explores Dresser’s family background, establishing the family’s wealth and prominent social position. Dresser was sent to be schooled, alone, to Germany and Sweden, as his father had business interests in Baltic timber. Dresser learnt all of the main European languages at this time. Following this, he spent several years in Finland and New Brunswick in the timber business. It was in Finland that he made his first significant ornithological discovery, finding the nest of the Waxwing, being the first English collector to do so. The chapter introduces Dresser’s collecting of birds and eggs, and how he mixed ornithology with business when in the timber and mercantile business. It introduces his early life in London-based natural history society and his meeting with Alfred Newton, the leading ornithologist in Britain, who served as his mentor throughout much of Dresser’s life. The chapter is largely based on Dresser’s unpublished diaries.
Settling down to business
Authors: McGhie Henry A.
Published: May 2018

This chapter explores Dresser’s life through the 1860s, following his return to England from Mexico and Texas. His father had been bankrupted by the American Civil War, so Dresser had to take over as head the family, as the eldest son. This was a chaotic period when Dresser considered leaving London to live abroad. Ultimately, he settled into business and became extremely successful. He worked as a leading iron-trading merchant, a line of work he remained in for over forty years. This set the background and context for all of his natural history work, which forms the subject of subsequent chapters. The chapter includes details of his business travels throughout Europe during the 1860s, mixing business and ornithology.
Early exploits in ornithological society
Authors: McGhie Henry A.
Published: May 2018

This chapter explores how Henry established himself into natural history society in London. It explores his participation in the fortnightly meetings of the Zoological Society of London and attendance at natural history auctions in London. It also explores the importance of correspondence networks among ornithologists. The British Ornithologists’ Union, the leading grouping of ornithologists in Britain, is explored in terms of its establishment, aims and its key members. Dresser was elected as a Member of the British Ornithologists’ Union in 1865. Dresser’s early publications are explored, notably his article on the birds of Southern Texas, based on his experiences there in 1863–64. Dresser became involved in the early bird conservation movement, and played a leading role in a committee to establish a close season for British seabirds.
Discovering the birds of Europe, I
Authors: McGhie Henry A.
Published: May 2018

This chapter introduces the ‘History of the Birds of Europe’, a great book project initiated by Richard Bowdler Sharpe, in partnership with Dresser. The chapter discusses scientific travellers and fieldwork, and the growth of formal and informal scientific travel through the nineteenth century. It describes the collecting manuals and instructions for collectors that were issued to encourage collectors to produce good-quality specimens that could enter into exchanging networks and museum collections. The chapter explores Dresser’s collecting network by discussing the activities of those who provided him with specimens from Europe, Northern Asia, North America and the Arctic. It emphasises and explores his personal relationships with field collectors.
Legacies
Authors: McGhie Henry A.
Published: May 2018

This chapter discusses Dresser’s legacies and explores why he and his contemporaries fell from sight, as scientific ornithology shifted from a collection-based discipline to a hypothesis-driven system. It explores the rise—and fall—of specimen collecting on a near-industrial level. It suggests that Dresser was sidelined as a result of post-imperialist views, anti-collecting and anti-individualism as a kind of ‘anti-Victorianism’, in the style of Lytton Strachey’s Eminent Victorians. The chapter includes a tailpiece of Richard Meinertzhagen’s ‘reminiscences’ of Dresser (possibly fraudulent as Meinertzhagen has been shown to be an inventor of many stories). The book concludes with commentary on the relationship between ornithology and business, and on how Dresser and his contemporaries worked hard to produce reliable information, which served as the basis for further work. It concludes by exploring how Henry’s collections continue to be used today in new ways and for new uses.
‘Open the eyes of England’: female unionism and conservatism, 1886–19141
Authors: Urquhart Diane
Published: May 2018

This article considers the rationale for the increasing political presence of women in Britain and Ireland from the late nineteenth century onwards. A key factor was the unforeseen impact of the Corrupt and Illegal Practices Prevention Act of 1883 which led to the organisation of women into political auxiliary associations. Such bodies were often elite led and held very specific ideas of women’s political role. The influence of the Conservatives’ Primrose League in Ireland and collaboration between Irish female Unionists and British Conservatives is examined through the three successive Irish home rule crisis of 1886, 1893 and 1912-14 to reveal the nature and significance of this auxiliary work. Resistance to home rule brought Unionist and Conservative co-operation to new heights but this became increasingly strained as Ulster unionism entered a new militaristic and independent phase in its history from 1912.