bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Bidirectional Relationship Between Workplace Bullying and Presenteeism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liu Minyan , Cheng Linan , Wang Yuqiang , Zeng Qinglin , Zeng Yanli
Published: January 2025

Background:

Although previous studies suggest a link between workplace bullying and presenteeism, uncertainties persist regarding the direction, strength, and influencing factors. Understanding the potential mediators and moderators is crucial to addressing these issues in workplace settings.

Objective:

This study aims to clarify the bidirectional relationship between workplace bullying and presenteeism, assess the strength and direction of this association, and identify individual and work-related factors that mediate or moderate these interactions.

Methods:

A systematic search of nine databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, CNKI, WANFANG, and Chinese Biomedical) was conducted from inception through March 30, 2023, with an update on September 8, 2024. Independent reviewers screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated methodological quality using the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Exposure tool. Odds ratios, relative risks, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to assess effect sizes.

Results:

After adjusting for confounders, workers exposed to workplace bullying had 1.74 times higher odds of reporting presenteeism compared to non-exposed individuals (95% CI [1.02, 2.46]). Workers reporting presenteeism also had increased odds of later workplace bullying exposure ( OR = 2.29, 95% CI [1.23, 3.36]). Various individual and work-related factors were identified as potential mediators and moderators influencing these associations.

Conclusion:

This study establishes a bidirectional relationship between workplace bullying and presenteeism. Both individual and work-related factors play a critical role as mediators and moderators, potentially mitigating or amplifying the workplace bullying-presenteeism cycle. Future interventions should target these factors to disrupt this harmful dynamic and improve employee well-being.
Association of Increased Risk of Injury in Adults With Hearing Loss: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Lai Kuan-Yu , Lin Hung-Che , Shih Wan-Ting , Chien Wu-Chien , Chung Chi-Hsiang , Chen Mingchih , Chen Jeng-Wen , Chung Hung-Chun
Published: January 2025

This nationwide retrospective cohort study examines the association between adults with hearing loss (HL) and subsequent injury risk. Utilizing data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (2000–2017), the study included 19,480 patients with HL and 77,920 matched controls. Over an average follow-up of 9.08 years, 18.30% of the 97,400 subjects sustained subsequent all-cause injuries. The injury incidence was significantly higher in the HL group compared to the control group (24.04% vs. 16.86%, p < .001). After adjusting for demographics and comorbidities, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for injury in the HL cohort was 2.35 (95% CI: 2.22–2.49). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed significant differences in injury-free survival between the HL and control groups (log-rank test, p < .001). The increased risk was consistent across age groups (18–64 and ≥65 years), with the HL group showing a higher risk of unintentional injuries (aHR: 2.62; 95% CI: 2.45–2.80), including falls (aHR: 2.83; 95% CI: 2.52–3.17) and traffic-related injuries (aHR: 2.38; 95% CI: 2.07–2.74). These findings highlight an independent association between HL and increased injury risk, underscoring the need for healthcare providers to counsel adult HL patients on preventive measures.
Developing a Standard Tool for Measuring Health Literacy Related to Transfusion-Transmitted Infections
Authors: Manzouri Leila , Masoudifar Saman , Roustaei Narges , Rad Fariba
Published: January 2025

Background

Transfusion-transmitted infections (TTI) are among the most critical challenges of blood transfusion. Patients with lower health literacy can have adverse consequences for blood transfusion and due to the lack of standard tools for measuring health literacy related to TTI, this study was conducted to develop a standardized tool for assessing Health literacy associated with TTI.

Aim

This study aimed to develop a standardized tool for assessing Health literacy related to TTI.

Material and Methods

This study was a cross-sectional analytical study of the tool development and validation type, according to the definitions provided for health literacy, questions were designed in the five areas of search, understanding, evaluation, decision-making, and application. The questionnaire was provided to relevant experts to evaluate the content validity with a qualitative and quantitative approach. After making corrections according to the experts’ opinions, the Content Validity Index (CVI) and the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) were checked. It was given to people who were at least literate in reading and writing levels to check the quantitative and qualitative face validity. Finally, the structural validity of the tool was checked by performing a confirmatory factor analysis and its reliability by calculating Cronbach's Alpha.

Results

The CVR and CVI had an average of 0.86 and 0.93 respectively. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.744. In examining the structural validity of the tool, the root mean squared error (RMSE) index was less than 0.0001, the Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) was 0.975, the Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI) was 0.957, Bentler and Bonnet's Normed Fit Index (NFI) was 1 and Comparative Fit Index (CFI) was 0.856.

Conclusion

The tool developed is reliable and valid, and can be used to measure the level of health literacy related to transfusion-transmitted infections.
Exploring Peripartum Cannabis Use Among Young Sexual Minority People: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Boss Nicole , Frankeberger Jessica , Hossain Fahmida , Mark Elyse , Coulter Robert W. S. , De Genna Natacha M.
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Young childbearing sexual minority (SM) people are more likely to use cannabis and to have an unintended pregnancy than their heterosexual peers; however, little is known about their perceptions and experiences of peripartum cannabis use. This qualitative study explores the relationships young pregnant and parenting SM people have with cannabis, as well as their feelings and opinions about prenatal cannabis use.

Method:

Participants who identified as SM from baseline surveys of the YoungMoms study were recruited for semi-structured qualitative interviews (n = 13). Interviews focused on cannabis use experiences before and during pregnancy. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results:

Data analysis revealed 3 key themes. Participants described the contextual adaptivity of their cannabis use, discussing how their use changed based on social context, mental health, and stress but was not directly related to their sexuality. Pregnancy was identified as a potential turning point for cannabis use as participants described trying to reduce or abstain during pregnancy, although some struggled to do so or continued use to address pregnancy symptoms. Facilitating factors of prenatal cannabis reduction were described, including focusing on the financial toll, social environment changes, access to health-related guidance, and replacement hobbies.

Conclusions:

This study provides novel information about a public health concern among a pregnant population that is often overlooked in prenatal substance use research. Similar to their heterosexual peers, pregnancy may serve as an opportune time for intervention among young SM people who use cannabis, but consideration of unique factors that contribute to their cannabis use is needed.
Timing of risk factors, prodromal features, and comorbidities of dementia from a large health claims case–control study
Authors: Teipel Stefan , Akmatov Manas , Michalowsky Bernhard , Riedel-Heller Steffi , Bohlken Jens , Holstiege Jakob
Published: January 2025

Background

Many risk factors for dementia have been identified, but the timing of risk is less well understood. Here, we analyzed risk factors in a case–control study covering 10 years before an incident dementia diagnosis.

Methods

We designed a case–control study using insurance claims of outpatient consultations of patients with German statutory health insurance between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2022. We included patients with an incident diagnosis of dementia and controls without a diagnosis of dementia matched 1:2 for age, sex, region, and earliest year of outpatient encounter. We selected exposures based on previous systematic reviews, case–control and cohort studies reporting on risk factors, comorbidities, and prodromal features of dementia. We calculated the prevalence of risk factors in cases and controls and odds ratios for each year before the index date, along with Bonferroni-corrected confidence intervals, using conditional logistic regression.

Results

We identified a total of 1,686,759 patients with incident dementia (mean (SD) age, 82.15 (6.90) years; 61.70% female) and 3,373,518 matched controls (mean (SD) age, 82.15 (6.90) years; 61.70% female). Study participants were followed up for a mean (SD) of 6.6 (2.3) years. Of the 63 risk factors and prodromal features examined, 56 were associated with an increased risk of dementia in all years during the 10th and the 1st year before the index date. These included established risk factors, such as depression, hypertension, hearing impairment, nicotine and alcohol abuse, obesity, hypercholesterolaemia, traumatic brain injury, and diabetes. The greatest risk, with odds ratios greater than 2.5, was conferred by delirium, memory impairment, mental retardation, personality and behavioral disorders, sensory disorders, schizophrenia, and psychosis. Cancer was associated with a reduced risk of dementia.

Conclusions

This large case–control study confirmed established risk factors of dementia. In addition, the study identified non-specific diagnoses that showed a steep increase in risk close to the index date, such as psychosis, conduct disorder, and other sensory disorders. Consideration of these diagnoses, which may represent prodromal features rather than risk factors for dementia, may help to identify people with dementia in routine care.
Critically ill adult patients with acute leukemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chean Dara , Luque-Paz David , Poole Daniele , Fodil Sofiane , Lengliné Etienne , Dupont Thibault , Kouatchet Achille , Darmon Michael , Azoulay Élie
Published: January 2025

Background

To describe the use of life-sustaining therapies and mortality in patients with acute leukemia admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods

The PubMed database was searched from January 1st, 2000 to July 1st, 2023. All studies including adult critically ill patients with acute leukemia were included. Two reviewers independently selected the studies, assessed bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cohort studies, and performed data extraction from full-text reading. We performed a proportional meta-analysis using a random effects model. The primary outcome was all-cause ICU mortality. Secondary outcomes included reasons for ICU admission, use of organ support therapies (mechanical ventilation, vasopressors and renal replacement therapy), hospital, day-90 and one-year mortality rates.

Results

Of the 1,331 studies screened, 136 (24,861 patients) met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Acute myeloid leukemia affected 16,269 (66%) patients, acute lymphoblastic leukemia affected 835 (3%) patients, and the type of leukemia was not specified in 7,757 (31%) patients. Acute respiratory failure (70%) and acute circulatory failure (25%) were the main reasons for ICU admission. Invasive mechanical ventilation, vasopressors and renal replacement therapy, were needed in 65%, 53%, and 23% of the patients, respectively. ICU mortality was available in 51 studies (6,668 patients, of whom 2,956 died throughout their ICU stay), resulting in a metanalytical proportion of 52% (95% CI [47%; 57%]; I
2 93%). In a meta-regression, variables that influenced ICU mortality included year of publication, and intubation rate.

Conclusion

Acute respiratory failure is the main reason for ICU admission in patients with acute leukemia. Mechanical ventilation is the first life-sustaining therapy to be used, and also a strong predictor of mortality.

Trial registration

This study’s protocol was preregistered on PROSPERO (CRD42023439630).
Gut microbial dysbiosis, IgA, and Enterococcus in common variable immunodeficiency with immune dysregulation
Authors: Berbers Roos-Marijn , Paganelli Fernanda L. , van Montfrans Joris M. , Ellerbroek Pauline M. , Viveen Marco C. , Rogers Malbert R. C. , Salomons Moniek , Schuurmans Jaap , van Stigt Thans Martine , Vanmaris Remi M. M. , Brosens Lodewijk A. A. , van der Wal Maria Marlot , Dalm Virgil A. S. H. , van Hagen P. Martin , van de Ven Annick A. J. M. , Uh Hae-Won , van Wijk Femke , Willems Rob J. L. , Leavis Helen L.
Published: January 2025

Background

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and recurrent infections. Significant morbidity and mortality are caused by immune dysregulation complications (CVIDid), which affect around one-third of CVID patients and have a poorly understood etiology. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that gut microbial dysbiosis contributes to the inflammation underlying CVIDid.

Results

Bacterial invasion of colonic crypts was observed in CVID (3/15) and X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA, 1/3), but not in healthy control (HC, 0/9) biopsies. Fecal gut microbiota was characterized using 16S rRNA-targeted amplicon sequencing. Increased bacterial load, decreased alpha diversity and distinct beta diversity were observed in CVIDid (n = 42) compared to HC (n = 48), and similar results were seen in CVID with IgA deficiency (n = 40) compared to HC. CVIDid and CVID-IgA showed enrichment of the genus Enterococcus, and in vitro studies confirmed the inflammatory potential of Enterococcus gallinarum and Enterococcus hirae in patient monocytes.

Conclusions

This study further supports the hypothesis that a dysregulated gut microbiota, with IgA deficiency as an important driving factor, contributes to systemic inflammation in primary antibody deficiency, and introduces enterococci as potential pathobionts in CVIDid.
Understanding the optical theorem of scattering: Scattering surface area against scattering cross-section, an example with ellipsoidal scattering
Authors: Li Youning
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we propose using the scattering surface area rather than the scattering cross-section to characterize the scattering behavior of ellipsoidal rigid bodies. We examined the scattering behavior of ellipsoidal rigid bodies, focusing on the relationship between their surface area and total scattering cross-section. Building on the foundational work of Carson Flammer, we utilize the spheroidal coordinate system to derive solutions for both prolate and oblate spheroids. Our analysis reveals that under the long-wavelength approximation, the total scattering cross-section is equivalent to the surface area of the ellipsoid, a relationship that holds true for both small and moderate eccentricities. This finding extends the established optical theorem, previously validated for spherical bodies, to more complex geometries.
Self-similar scaling of higher-order interactions in complex networks
Authors: Wu Minze , Weng Tongfeng , Ren Zhuoming , Chen Xiaolu , Li Chunzi
Published: January 2025

Self-similarity of complex networks has been exhaustively explored but only concentrating on pairwise interactions between nodes. We restudy self-similar characteristics of networks from algebraic topological perspective. By virtue of a box covering technique, we generate consecutive renormalized networks with respect to different length scales. Interestingly, we find that the number of a specific order of clique in the renormalized networks presents a clearly scaling behavior. Moreover, we show that the growth pattern of cliques is likely to follow a universal principle for seemingly different kinds of real networks. Our work, for the first time, reveals the role of higher-order interactions in shaping self-similarity of complex networks.
Multidimensional Sleep Health, Glycemic Control, and Self-reported Outcomes in Type 1 Diabetes: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Abu Irsheed Ghada , Steffen Alana , Martyn-Nemeth Pamela , Park Minsun , Quinn Laurie , Duffecy Jennifer , Baron Kelly Glazer , Saleh Adam Hussain , Takgbajouah Mary , Bimbi Olivia , Kessler Justine , Mihailescu Dan , Reutrakul Sirimon
Published: January 2025

Context

Sleep health is multidimensional. While studies have shown associations between certain sleep dimensions and health in type 1 diabetes (T1D), global sleep health has rarely been considered.

Objective

To examine the associations between individual sleep dimensions and multidimensional sleep health (MSH) on glycemic control and self-reported outcomes in T1D.

Methods

Data from 116 adults with T1D participating in a sleep study (NCT04506151) were analyzed. Sleep satisfaction and alertness were assessed by questionnaires. Sleep timing, efficiency, duration, and regularity were derived from 7-day actigraphy. A composite MSH score was created by counting “healthy sleep” across these 6 measures. Glycemic control was assessed by 7-day continuous glucose monitoring and hemoglobin A1C (A1C). Self-reported outcomes were collected through questionnaires.

Results

After adjusting for covariates, greater sleep irregularity was associated with higher glycemic variability (b = 5.048, P < .01), less time in range (TIR) (b = −10.806, P < .01), higher time above range (TAR) (b = 7.40, P < .05), and higher A1C (b = .365, P < .05)]. Poor sleep satisfaction was associated with higher diabetes distress and depression (b = .29, P < .05, b = 3.59, P < .05), respectively. Later sleep timing was associated with higher depression (b = 1.545, P < .05), while lower sleep efficiency was associated with higher depression (b = 1.545, P < .01). Worse MSH was significantly associated with lower TIR (b = 2.376, P < .05), higher TAR, higher A1C, and depression (b = −2.38, P < .05; b = −.177, P < .01; b = −1.275, P < .05, respectively).

Conclusion

Sleep irregularity likely drives the association between MSH and glycemic control, while poor sleep satisfaction, lower efficiency, and later timing contribute to the association between MSH and depression. These results highlight the importance of comprehensive sleep health evaluation in T1D.
Amino Acids and CART Distinguish A−β+ Ketosis-Prone Diabetes From Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes During Hyperglycemic Crises
Authors: Jahoor Farook , Hsu Jean W , Keene Kelly R , Peacock W Frank , Huang Xiaofang , Guffey Danielle , Byun Jinyoung , Bennet Rasmus , Lernmark Ake , Tosur Mustafa , Balasubramanyam Ashok
Published: January 2025

Context

When clinically stable, patients with A−β+ ketosis-prone diabetes (KPD) manifest unique markers of amino acid metabolism. Biomarkers differentiating KPD from type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) during hyperglycemic crises would accelerate diagnosis and management.

Objective

Compare serum metabolomics of KPD, T1D, and T2D patients during hyperglycemic crises, and utilize classification and regression tree (CART) modeling to distinguish these forms of diabetes.

Methods

At an urban hospital emergency center, adults with KPD, T1D, and T2D during hyperglycemic crises with or without diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), and healthy controls, underwent comparisons of serum metabolite and hormonal profiles and CART analyses. Group differences in concentrations of amino acids, their metabolites, and relationship to glucose counterregulatory hormones were determined, as well as C-peptide cutoffs and analytes to distinguish KPD, T1D, and T2D.

Results

Concentrations of most amino acids were similar in KPD and T1D and lower compared to T2D (P < .05). Glucagon and cortisol concentrations were correlated with 3-methylhistidine and blood urea nitrogen in KPD but not in T1D. A C-peptide cutoff of 0.496 ng/mL differentiated T1D from KPD during DKA. CART revealed that a regression model based on the concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate, C-peptide, glucagon, alpha-keto-β-methylvalerate, cystine, and myristoyl-L-carnitine distinguished KPD from T1D and T2D.

Conclusion

During DKA, KPD and T1D patients have similarly altered amino acid profiles that differentiate them from T2D patients. Elevated protein catabolic hormones drive altered amino acid metabolism in KPD, rather than insulin deficiency as with T1D. A combination of 6 analytes differentiates KPD from T1D and T2D during hyperglycemic crises.
Acute inflammation induces acute megakaryopoiesis with impaired platelet production during fetal hematopoiesis
Authors: Hu Xiaojie , He Yirui , Li Shengwei , Jiang Yue , Yu Renjie , Wu Yi , Fu Xiaoying , Song Yuanbin , Lin Changdong , Shi Jiejun , Li Hua-Bing , Gao Yimeng
Published: January 2025

Hematopoietic development is tightly regulated by various factors. The role of RNA m6A modification during fetal hematopoiesis, particularly in megakaryopoiesis, remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that loss of m6A methyltransferase METTL3 induces formation of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) and activates acute inflammation during fetal hematopoiesis in mouse. This dsRNA-mediated inflammation leads to acute megakaryopoiesis, which facilitates the generation of megakaryocyte progenitors but disrupts megakaryocyte maturation and platelet production. The inflammation and immune response activate the phosphorylation of STAT1 and IRF3, and upregulate downstream interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Inflammation inhibits the proliferation rate of hematopoietic progenitors and further skews the cell fate determination toward megakaryocytes rather than toward erythroid from megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors (MEPs). Transcriptional-wide gene expression analysis identifies IGF1 as a major factor whose reduction is responsible for the inhibition of megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis. Restoration of IGF1 with METTL3-deficient hematopoietic cells significantly increases megakaryocyte maturation. In summary, we elucidate that the loss of RNA m6A modification-induced acute inflammation activates acute megakaryopoiesis, but impairs its final maturation through the inhibition of IGF1 expression during fetal hematopoiesis.
Cadherins and growth factor receptors – ligand-selective mechano-switches at cadherin junctions
Authors: Vu Vinh , Sullivan Brendan , Hebner Evan , Rahil Zainab , Zou Yubo , Leckband Deborah
Published: January 2025

This study investigated possible mechanisms underlying differences between heterophilic and homophilic cadherin adhesions that influence intercellular mechanics and multicellular organization. Results suggest that homophilic cadherin ligation selectively activates force transduction, such that resulting signaling and mechano-transduction amplitudes are independent of cadherin-binding affinities. Epithelial (E-) and neural (N-)cadherin cooperate with distinct growth factors to mechanically activate force transduction cascades. Prior results have demonstrated that E-cadherin and epidermal growth factor receptor form force-sensitive complexes at intercellular junctions. Here, we show that the reconstitution of N-cadherin force transduction requires the co-expression of N-cadherin and fibroblast growth factor receptor. Mechanical measurements further demonstrated that homophilic ligation initiates receptor tyrosine kinase-dependent force transduction cascades, but heterophilic cadherin ligands fail to activate signaling or generate stereotypical mechano-transduction signatures. The all-or-nothing contrast between mechano-transduction by heterophilic versus homophilic cadherin adhesions supersedes differences in cadherin adhesion strength. This mechano-selectivity impacts cell spreading and traction generation on cadherin substrates. Homophilic ligation appears to be a key that selectively unlocks cadherin mechano-transduction. These findings might reconcile the roles of cadherin recognition and cell mechanics in the organization of multicellular assemblies.
Building Trust through ESG: A Study on Consumer Behaviour in Sustainable Fashion
Authors: Rastogi Neha , Singh Jitendra , Tyagi Shagun , Ahmad Vasim , Kumar Rakesh , Singh Rajesh , Sharma Ayushi , Priyadarshi Neeraj , Twala Bhekisipho
Published: January 2025

Background This study explores the influence of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices on consumer purchasing decisions in the fashion industry. It examines how corporate image and word-of-mouth (WOM) mediate the relationship between ESG practices and consumer trust, impacting purchase intent. Methods A structured questionnaire was distributed online to 393 participants aware of ESG practices, targeting Generation Z consumers. The survey assessed demographics, ESG awareness, brand image, WOM, and purchasing decisions using a Likert scale across five constructs: ESG Practices, Corporate Image, WOM, Trust, and Purchase Intention. Data were analyzed with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in IBM AMOS, following a two-step process: Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) for validation and path analysis for hypothesis testing. Results The findings indicate that ESG practices significantly enhance corporate image and positive WOM, which, in turn, foster consumer trust. Corporate image has a substantial impact on consumer trust (p < .001), while WOM also contributes to trust (p < .001). Trust was found to be a strong predictor of purchase intention, demonstrating the mediating role of corporate image and WOM between ESG practices and purchasing behavior. Conclusions ESG practices are critical in shaping consumer perceptions and fostering loyalty in the fashion sector. By building a trustworthy corporate image and encouraging positive WOM, fashion brands can effectively influence consumer purchasing decisions. This study highlights the competitive advantage of implementing ESG practices, particularly in appealing to Generation Z consumers who value sustainability and ethical business practices.
Enhanced highly thermal-humidity reliability of (Sr,Ca)AlSiN3:Eu2+ phosphors via rapid plasma-assisted silica surface coating
Authors: Zheng Changran , Guo Baotong , Lu Tianhe , Zhu Xi , Xia Bingxuan , Yang Bobo , Yang Zhoudong , Lishik Sergey , Chernyakov Anton , Xiong Jingkang , Fan Jiajie
Published: January 2025

(Sr, Ca)AlSiN3:Eu2+ (SCASN) phosphors are widely applied in white LEDs to enhance the red spectral component, thereby improving spectral coverage and potentially contributing to a higher color rendering index. However, the rapid degradation of SCASN phosphors under highly thermal and thermal-humidity conditions restricts broader application. In this study, silica-coated SCASN phosphors were prepared via rapid plasma-assisted film deposition. The 54 nm silica coating significantly altered the wettability, optical properties, and stability of the phosphors. After the silica surface coating, the water contact angle increased from 20° to 125.5°, indicating enhanced hydrophobicity. Further photoluminescence (PL) test results demonstrated an improvement in intensity for the coated phosphor compared to the uncoated phosphor. Moreover, after aging at 100°C and 100% relative humidity for 336 hours, the PL intensity of the uncoated phosphor decreased to 65% of its original value, while the coated phosphor maintained 88.5%. This excellent stability is attributed to the protective silica coating, which acts as a barrier against moisture penetration and prevents the hydrolysis of the phosphor surface. First-principles density functional theory calculations further demonstrated that unsaturated O-Si groups formed during HDMSO decomposition create a silica coating, reducing the surface H2O adsorption energy from -2.544 eV to -0.062 eV. The plasma-assisted deposition method effectively enhances phosphor stability, promoting the development of durable and high-performance LED phosphors.
3D imaging of underwater scanning photon counting lidar based on multiscale spatio-temporal resolution
Authors: Yu Yang , Wang Zhangjun , Chen Chao , Zhang Enming , Li Hui , Yu Changxin , Wang Xiufen , Li Xianxin , Xue Boyang , Zhuang Quanfeng , Pan Xin , Li Yaqian
Published: January 2025

This manuscript presents an underwater scanning photon counting lidar system specifically designed for the 3D imaging of underwater targets. A multiscale spatio-temporal resolution method is proposed to enhance the accuracy and resolution of 3D scanning imaging. Signal extraction is achieved through macro pulse accumulation number and macro time resolution, based on the spatio-temporal correlation constrained by relative signal intensity difference factor. Subsequently processing focuses exclusively on the photon-counting events extracted in the previous step. By employing micro pulse accumulation number and micro time resolution, each pixel is expanded into multiple pixels, thereby improving timing precision. This not only enhances imaging accuracy but also enables the detection of more detailed information about the target. The reconstructed images of the resolution plate located approximately 3.5 meters away demonstrate that both the imaging accuracy and resolution are within 10.0 mm. In addition, high-performance 3D reconstruction of a coral model located approximately 4 meters away with complex surface shape is also realized, where each branch of the coral can be distinctly identified. It is verified that the developed lidar system has the ability of high-performance 3D imaging for underwater targets. This lidar system will play an important role in the field of fine mapping of seabed topography and underwater target detection and recognition.
Shapley-guided global optimization algorithm with applications in integrated photonics inverse design
Authors: Radwan Mohamed Sadek , Hooten Sean , Van Vaerenbergh Thomas , Bienstman Peter
Published: January 2025

This study introduces an optimization algorithm, Shapley-Guided Stochastic Optimization (SGSO), which incorporates Shapley values to steer the search towards optimal solutions. The algorithm was tested on some well-known global optimization benchmark functions, like the Easom and Ackley functions, to validate its efficiency before applying it to more complex real-world scenarios, like the inverse design of photonic structures, specifically a 3dB splitter, a grating coupler, and a multilayer broadband mirror. The SGSO algorithm demonstrated its capability to direct the search process to generate highly performing designs while maintaining computational efficiency. Additionally, we propose a simplified approach for computing the Shapley values that can lower the algorithm’s computational cost while still achieving satisfactory convergence to the global optimum. The results were benchmarked against Basin Hopping, one of the established metaheuristic optimization
techniques, highlighting the potential of SGSO in navigating complex optimization landscapes. The SGSO is linked to Basin Hopping through the shared local optimization step and also shares connections with Genetic Algorithms, particularly in the crossover process between the different obtained solutions.
Physically enhanced neural network based on projection map synthesis for chemiluminescence tomography reconstruction with limited views
Authors: Zhu Sunyong , Jin Ying , Zhang Xiangyu , Wu Quanying , Situ Guohai
Published: January 2025

In many combustion systems, data collection through optical windows is often hindered by fixed mechanical components that limit the number of available observation angles. This restriction poses a significant challenge to the accurate reconstruction of chemiluminescence tomography images with limited views. To address this limitation, we propose a novel projection interpolation approach for physically enhanced neural networks (PIPEN) to address this limitation. The PIPEN utilizes projection maps from two intersecting viewpoints and employs an interpolation network to estimate the projection maps for occluded views between these two angles. The interpolated and original projections are input into a physically enhanced neural network (PENN) to perform a volumetric tomography reconstruction. The PENN was designed to accommodate practical scenarios in which ground-truth data are unavailable. Furthermore, the loss function in PENN is enhanced with a total variation (TV) regularization term that mitigates noise and artifacts and improves the quality of the visual reconstruction. Experimental evaluations indicate that the PIPEN achieves a reconstruction performance comparable to that using a complete set of seven directions despite only utilizing projection maps from two orthogonal views. These results suggest that the PIPEN has significant potential for practical 3D flame reconstruction under constrained observation conditions.
Theoretical analysis of an electrometer based on microwave-dressed Rydberg atoms using a quantum interferometer
Authors: Zhang Dong , Shi Minwei , Huang Ding , Yang Yiquan , Du Wei , Wu Shuhe , Bao Guzhi , Zhang Weiping
Published: January 2025

Rydberg atoms have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in the precise sensing microwave (MW) fields. Previous studies on Rydberg atom-based electrometers (RAEs) have predominantly focused on absorption measurements. Recently, phase-sensitive RAEs employing Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) have been demonstrated, though their performance remains constrained by the standard quantum limit (SQL). In this study, we combine RAEs with advanced quantum interferometrics to enhance MW field sensing. Within the framework of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler-Townes (AT) splitting, the noise of our enhanced electrometer is suppressed below the photon shot noise (PSN) in measuring light dispersion through microwave-dressed atoms, when utilizing phase squeezed states. In our theory, the optimal sensitivity of the MW field can reach 1.36 × 10−11V/m/Hz1/2 with a dressed MW field strength of 2.4 × 10−4V/m within a balanced SU(1,1) interferometer.
Real-time underwater visible light mobile communication with conditional feedback threshold under random receiver orientations
Authors: Liu Jiehui , Ma Lin , He Zuyuan
Published: January 2025

The capability for real-time mobile communication is crucial for underwater visible light communication applications. In practical real-time underwater visible light mobile communication (UVLMC) systems, movement orientation significantly impacts communication performance. However, there is limited research on this aspect. We propose a real-time UVLMC system based on the conditional feedback threshold (CFT) to enhance performance under random receiver orientations. In experiments, we achieved real-time UVLMC over a distance of 60 meters with a data rate of 2 Mb/s under random receiver orientations in a tap water channel. The system can operate under a mean polar angle and azimuth angle as large as 40° and 120°, respectively, at a moving speed of 0.15 m/s with a dynamic range of 7 meters. This represents a 4.8-fold improvement in dynamic range compared to the system without the CFT mechanism.
Hybrid silica-azopolymer optical microfiber coupler for high-performance in-line all-optical switching
Authors: Razzaghi-Yazd K. , Nikbakht M. , Karimi-Alavijeh H. , Zamani H.
Published: January 2025

All-optical switches (AOSs) with the unique functionality of light controlling by light are the essential components of advanced photonics. However, it is still a grand challenge to propose materials with appropriate nonlinear effects and structures with high-performance all-optical switching. This study proposes an AOS with a hybrid silica-azopolymer optical microfiber coupler configuration. This structure is characterized by in-line switching functionality, extremely high extinction ratio of 22 dB at λ = 1550 nm, low-insertion loss (<1 dB), and ease of fabrication process. It is shown that, because of the photo-induced birefringence in the azopolymer microfiber, the functionality of the introduced switch depends on the polarizations of the controlling and propagating light signals. Moreover, using full-wave electromagnetic simulations, the performance of the hybrid AOS is explained and clarified.
Synchronous multi-wavelength interferometric method for measuring aspherical surface profile
Authors: Su Jiaming , Tian Ailing , Wang Hongjun , Liu Bingcai , Zhu Xueliang , Wang Siqi , Liu Bo , Hou Jinyao
Published: January 2025

To our knowledge, a novel synchronous multi-wavelength interferometric technique is introduced. The aspherical surface profile is measured by focusing a multi-wavelength beam at various positions along the optical axis using a dispersive lens, thereby generating a series of spherical waves with varying curvatures. A comprehensive analysis of the operational mechanism of dispersive lenses in aspherical surface metrology is conducted, culminating in the design principles for their axial focal points. This approach significantly enhances measurement efficiency and accuracy while minimizing mechanical movement errors compared to the conventional annular sub-aperture method. Moreover, the integration of dispersive lenses streamlines system design, reduces the complexity of system modeling, and facilitates the development of a more precise digital twin model for subsequent error correction.
Fast generation of perfect vortex and vector beams through highly scattering media via discrete convolution-based vector point-spread-function engineering
Authors: Sun Yepeng , Zhu Mingchao , Miao Wei , Li Shilei , Ge Xiaolu , Wei Gongxiang , Man Zhongsheng , Guo Chengshan , Wang Benyi
Published: January 2025

Recent advancements in optics have demonstrated that it is possible to take advantage of the feasibility of leveraging wavefront shaping to focus and image through highly scattering media (HSM). Herein, we report a method to rapidly focus perfect vortex beams (PVBs) and perfect vector vortex beams (PVVBs) through the HSM via discrete convolution-based vector point-spread-function (DC-VPSF) engineering. In our method, a vector transmission matrix (VTM)-based operator can be calculated by executing a convolution operation between the measured full VTM and the conjugate of a discrete VPSF sampled from a pre-defined spatial domain mask. The input field can be obtained by performing digital optical phase conjugation on the VTM-based operator. Then the desired output field (that is the discrete VPSF) can be generated through the HSM. Experimentally, the PVBs with different topological charges and identical optical ring sizes are generated through the HSM based on our method. Further, PVBs with controllable polarization states and a high peak-to-background ratio (PBR) are also generated after the HSM by introducing polarizers and wave plates before the recording plane. In addition, our method has advantages in fast calculating the required input field and improving the PBR of the focused light through the HSM compared with the general point-spread-function engineering. Finally, the experimentally generated PVVBs demonstrate the ability to tailor the focused light with more complex polarization distribution through the HSM. Our results may contribute to generalizing the convolution concepts for multiple degrees of freedom wavefront control and provide an effective idea for optical micromanipulation and imaging through scattering media.
Analysis of the effect of different scattering mechanisms on the excess noise behavior of Sb-based avalanche photodiodes
Authors: Karimi Hannaneh , Herrera Daniel J. , Dadey Adam A. , Wei Dongxia , McArthur J. Andrew , Bank Seth R. , Campbell Joe. C.
Published: January 2025

In optical applications where avalanche photodiodes (APDs) provide the benefit of high sensitivity, Sb-based materials systems such as AlInAsSb and AlGaAsSb have shown extremely low excess noise factors. The Monte Carlo (MC) model described in this work reveals the effect of high alloy scattering on the excess noise factor in these material systems. A comparison between the excess noise factor of different combinations of scattering rates is investigated. Furthermore, the ionization path length probability distribution is presented for AlInAsSb APDs with different scattering mechanisms. Good agreement is achieved between simulation results and experimental measurements.
High-power (500 mW) narrow-linewidth (21 kHz) low-RIN (−168 dB/Hz) distributed feedback laser
Authors: Song Hao , Zhang Ruikang , Lu Dan , Wang Zi , Wang Hao , Zhao Lingjuan
Published: January 2025

A high-power, narrow-linewidth, low-relative-intensity-noise (RIN) distributed feedback (DFB) laser is demonstrated. The laser employs four strained AlGaInAs quantum wells and three diluted waveguides to reduce internal loss, and enhance heat dissipation performance to reach a high power and low noise operation. At a test temperature of 15 °C, the DFB laser with a cavity length of 1.5 mm exhibited single mode output power of 517 mW in pulsed mode and 424 mW in continuous-wave (CW) mode. with far-field full width at half maximum (FWHM) divergence angles of 10°×20°. In addition, the DFB laser achieved an intrinsic linewidth of 21 kHz, and an ultra-low RIN of less than −168 dB/Hz.
Deformation analysis method for precision injection molding of optical plastic lenses with a multi section approach based on warpage and shrinkage behavior
Authors: Hu Yuwang , Xue Changxi
Published: January 2025

Precision injection-molded plastic optical lenses are extensively utilized in imaging optical systems. Surface deviations produced during the injection molding of plastic optical lenses will immediately result in imaging quality issues. Conventional injection molding often employs an orthogonal experimental procedure to validate the chosen process parameter combination post-molding, necessitating substantial raw materials and time for numerous processes. Therefore, this article proposes a multi section method based on warpage and shrinkage behavior for deformation analysis of optical plastic lens precision injection molding. The deformation of precision injection-molded aspherical plastic optical lens utilized in imaging optical systems was examined via simulation and experimental. The findings demonstrate that the suggested method successfully performs deformation analysis of plastic optical lenses post-injection molding.
Multidimensional computed measurement for highly accurate PCBA defect detection
Authors: Chen Zefang , Zhang Qican , Zhong Mingyuan , Kou Tingdong , Liu Chengmin , Jing Hailong , Liu Guodong , Shen Junfei
Published: January 2025

Accurate defect detection in industrial automated optical inspection (AOI) is crucial as it directly affects product quality and production efficiency. Although numerous techniques have been developed for industrial defect detection, most of them rely on single-texture image data. This dependence limits the accuracy and robustness of the defect detection due to inadequate optical source information. To overcome the problem of low accuracy owing to the lack of 3D topographic information, a multidimensional information fusion (MIF) module is proposed that fuses texture image and depth image features. The MIF module includes tailored mechanisms to fully extract complementary semantic information from space and channel dimensions. A hierarchical fusion strategy further improves feature integration by enabling higher-layer feature fusion via lower-layer Transformer blocks and efficiently removing redundant features. Afterward, feature extraction is performed on the fused feature map, and output is obtained. To enhance the detection accuracy, the position information mask (PIM) module is introduced for post-processing. The PIM module uses surface mount devices (SMDs) position data from Gerber files to create a position information mask. The mask helps filter out defects that are often misidentified owing to missing design information. The results of the comparative experiments demonstrate that the average accuracy of our method on the printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) defect dataset is 99.93%, which is 5.64% higher than that of conventional YOLOV5. Furthermore, a comprehensive ablation study is conducted to elucidate the contribution of the proposed MIF and PIM modules. It demonstrated that the present model serves as a valuable reference for PCBA surface defect detection.
Pure-quartic noise-like pulse generation and its dynamics in an ultrafast fiber laser
Authors: Wang Zhenhong , Lin Yingjie , Song Yufeng , Zhang Chunxiang , Yang Song , Zhu Zhiwei , Deng Zhixiang , Liu Jun
Published: January 2025

We report on the dynamical generation of pure-quartic noise-like pulses (NLPs) in an ultrafast fiber laser with a net anomalous fourth-order dispersion (FOD). The pure-quartic NLPs can be characterized by the appearance of spectral sidebands on the smooth broad spectra, which are different from conventional NLPs in a net second-order dispersion regime. Moreover, the spectral widths of pure-quartic NLPs are closely related to the intra-cavity net FOD value. This unique observation of the pure-quartic NLPs and their dynamics is further justified by theoretical simulation results, indicating that the existence of the spectral sidebands mainly arises from the large net FOD value within the laser cavity. These findings will further deepen the understanding of the nonlinear soliton dynamics in ultrafast fiber lasers and provide new avenues for exploring the high-order-dispersion pulse behaviors and their applications.
Relative intensity noise characterization of supercontinuum generation in graded-index and step-index multimode fibers
Authors: Cáceres Pablo Inés , Surendran Arun , Gallazzi Francesca , Eslami Zahra , Genty Goëry
Published: January 2025

Multimode fibers have recently attracted significant attention due to their high-power handling capability and beam self-cleaning property that results in a single-mode profile at the fiber output. Here, we perform a detailed experimental comparison of the relative intensity noise (RIN) of all-fiber supercontinuum (SC) generated in multimode step-index (MMF) and graded-index (GRIN) fibers. We also characterize the spatial intensity profile of the SC in different wavelength bands, showing that it is near single mode across the full spectrum. Our results show that the RIN of SC generated in multimode GRIN fibers is not only lower than that generated in a step-index MMF but close to that of a SC generated in a single-mode fiber.
Fourier single-pixel spectral imaging via local low-rank tensor nuclear norm and deep tensor priors
Authors: Tang Zixin , Hu Yexun , Duo Chen , Yang Guowei , Jiang Taixiang , Guo Daqing
Published: January 2025

The imaging quality of single-pixel spectral imaging (SSI) methods is poor at a low sampling ratio (SR). To tackle this problem, a new Fourier single-pixel spectral imaging (FSSI) technique is proposed. Firstly, we introduce the low-rank tensor nuclear norm (TNN) to characterize the correlation between spectral images. Compared with the conventional method, TNN reconstructs image details better but brings image artifacts simultaneously. Therefore, local low-rank TNN (LTNN) constraint is proposed to ameliorate global ones and to reduce the distortion caused by TNN and low SR. Secondly, to make full use of the spectral information, the proposed constraint is used as the coarse prior, and the deep tensor prior (DTP) is introduced as the fine one to construct the joint priors. Different from the single prior, the joint method can make the two priors benefit and improve each other and further enhance the imaging quality. Finally, an efficient and high-quality SSI technique is achieved by deducing the closed-form solution algorithm. Experimental results show that our method significantly improves the quality of FSSI as much as 7–10 dB when compared to 3DTV at the SR of 5%.