bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Empirical Evidence of Capital Mobility in the EU New Member States
Authors: Škabić Ines Kersan
Published: December 2016

This research is focused on the analysis of capital mobility indicators in the EU new member states as capital market union is one of the newest initiative in the EU. We found the most integrated countries are Hungary, the Czech R., Croatia and Estonia. Econometric analysis emphasized the main determinants of capital account openness and of FDI inward stock. The analysis indicates that the level of development, intra-EU trade and FDI inward stock have a positive impact on capital account openness (mobility), while inflation has a negative infl uence. The GDP per capita, intra- EU trade and capital account openness have positive impact on FDI inward stock while inflation and gross fixed capital formation have negative influence. Unexpectedly, fiscal variables and interest rates do not have a significant impact on capital openness. The results show that there is room for improvement in all countries that would enable more favorable access to capital.
Initiating & Managing Long-Term Data with Amateur Scientists
Authors: Ryan Will H. , Gornish Elise S. , Christenson Lynn , Halpern Stacey , Henderson Sandra , LeBuhn Gretchen , Miller Thomas E.
Published: December 2016

The value of long-term data (generally >10 years) in ecology is well known. Funding agencies clearly see the value in these data and have supported a limited number of projects to this end. However, individual researchers often see the challenges of long-term data collection as insurmountable. We propose that long-term data collection can be practical as part of any teaching or outreach program, and we provide guidance on how long-term projects can fit into a teaching and research schedule. While our primary audience is college faculty, our message is appropriate for anyone interested in establishing long-term studies. The benefits of adopting these kinds of projects include experience for students, encouraging public interest in science, increased publication potential for researchers, and increased large-scale data availability, leading to a better understanding of ecological phenomena.
Using Videography to Study the Effects of Stimulants on Daphnia magna
Authors: Greene Maria , Pitts Wesley , Dewprashad Brahmadeo
Published: December 2016

Daphnia have been used to demonstrate the physiological effects of stimulants such as caffeine and energy drinks in activities designed for secondary school and college labs. We describe how these activities were enhanced by coupling a microscope to a video recording device and digital data recording system to facilitate more accurate quantification of the rate of heartbeats in daphnia. Also, the technology facilitates measurements of the changes in the size of the heart due to the effect of stimulants. We describe the setup for the video recorder, data acquisition system, and microscope, the results obtained, and how these activities could be replicated in a secondary school laboratory setting to increase student engagement and be used as a primer to enhance learning and understanding of biological systems by students. This work aligns with the Next Generation Science Standards, in that students “use a variety of equipment and software to enter, process, display, and communicate information in different forms using text, tables, and pictures.”
Exploring Animal Behavior in the Laboratory: Territoriality in Cichlids
Authors: Templeton Jennifer J.
Published: December 2016

Territoriality and the factors that influence the outcome of animal contests are easy to study in a lab using convict cichlid fish (Archocentrus nigrofasciatus). I present a two-week laboratory experiment suitable for high school and college students. In the first week, students observe resident and intruder convict cichlids interacting in the presence of flowerpot territories, allowing them to develop hypotheses about factors that might determine the outcome of contests over resources, including relative size of competitors (“resource holding potential” hypothesis) and ownership (“resource value” hypothesis). They then work with their teacher to design and set up an experiment to test these two hypotheses, providing specific predictions that would support each hypothesis. In the second week, students observe contests between each owner and a larger or smaller intruder. The winner is defined as the individual that spends the most time in the pot and bites more. Students graph their data and decide what statistics are most appropriate for analyzing their results. They determine which hypothesis is supported by their findings and present their findings in scientific paper format.
Floating Fishes: An Activity Investigating Overfishing, Buoyancy & Gas Compressibility
Authors: German Donovan P. , Raven Doris A. , Aguilar-Roca Nancy
Published: December 2016

Fish species are an important food resource all over the world, but the fishing practices of human beings are slowly driving many fish species to extinction. However, little is being done to communicate the problem of overfishing to the general public. In this three-part activity, students are introduced to the concepts of buoyancy and overfishing in an effort to provide a glimpse of how interesting fish are, and to raise awareness of overfishing. The students investigate buoyancy and gas compressibility by recreating a mysterious boat-sinking in the classroom, and by manipulating the buoyancy of artificial fish. By engaging in “fishing expeditions” with diminishing returns, the students learn why fish populations decline when we take too many of them. Throughout the activity, students have the opportunity to learn science as inquiry and the nature of science as presented in the National Science Education Standards.
The pseudophosphatase STYX targets the F‐box of FBXW7 and inhibits SCFFBXW7 function
Authors: Reiterer Veronika , Figueras‐Puig Cristina , Le Guerroue Francois , Confalonieri Stefano , Vecchi Manuela , Jalapothu Dasaradha , Kanse Sandip M , Deshaies Raymond J , Di Fiore Pier Paolo , Behrends Christian , Farhan Hesso
Published: December 2016

The F‐box protein FBXW7 is the substrate‐recruiting subunit of an SCF ubiquitin ligase and a major tumor‐suppressor protein that is altered in several human malignancies. Loss of function of FBXW7 results in the stabilization of numerous proteins that orchestrate cell proliferation and survival. Little is known about proteins that directly regulate the function of this protein. In the current work, we have mapped the interactome of the enigmatic pseudophosphatase STYX. We reasoned that a catalytically inactive phosphatase might have adopted novel mechanisms of action. The STYX interactome contained several F‐box proteins, including FBXW7. We show that STYX binds to the F‐box domain of FBXW7 and disables its recruitment into the SCF complex. Therefore, STYX acts as a direct inhibitor of FBXW7, affecting the cellular levels of its substrates. Furthermore, we find that levels of STYX and FBXW7 are anti‐correlated in breast cancer patients, which affects disease prognosis. We propose the STYX–FBXW7 interaction as a promising drug target for future investigations.
Hypoxia‐inducible factors: coupling glucose metabolism and redox regulation with induction of the breast cancer stem cell phenotype
Authors: Semenza Gregg L
Published: December 2016

Reduced oxygen availability (hypoxia) leads to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the electron transport chain. Here, I review recent work delineating mechanisms by which hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 (HIF‐1) mediates adaptive metabolic responses to hypoxia, including increased flux through the glycolytic pathway and decreased flux through the tricarboxylic acid cycle, in order to decrease mitochondrial ROS production. HIF‐1 also mediates increased flux through the serine synthesis pathway and mitochondrial one‐carbon (folate cycle) metabolism to increase mitochondrial antioxidant production (NADPH and glutathione). Dynamic maintenance of ROS homeostasis is required for induction of the breast cancer stem cell phenotype in response to hypoxia or cytotoxic chemotherapy. Consistently, inhibition of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, the first enzyme of the serine synthesis pathway, in breast cancer cells impairs tumor initiation, metastasis, and response to cytotoxic chemotherapy. I discuss how these findings have important implications for understanding the logic of the tumor microenvironment and for improving therapeutic responses in women with breast cancer.
Proteomics reveals the effects of sustained weight loss on the human plasma proteome
Authors: Geyer Philipp E , Wewer Albrechtsen Nicolai J , Tyanova Stefka , Grassl Niklas , Iepsen Eva W , Lundgren Julie , Madsbad Sten , Holst Jens J , Torekov Signe S , Mann Matthias
Published: December 2016

Sustained weight loss is a preferred intervention in a wide range of metabolic conditions, but the effects on an individual's health state remain ill‐defined. Here, we investigate the plasma proteomes of a cohort of 43 obese individuals that had undergone 8 weeks of 12% body weight loss followed by a year of weight maintenance. Using mass spectrometry‐based plasma proteome profiling, we measured 1,294 plasma proteomes. Longitudinal monitoring of the cohort revealed individual‐specific protein levels with wide‐ranging effects of losing weight on the plasma proteome reflected in 93 significantly affected proteins. The adipocyte‐secreted SERPINF1 and apolipoprotein APOF1 were most significantly regulated with fold changes of −16% and +37%, respectively (P < 10−13), and the entire apolipoprotein family showed characteristic differential regulation. Clinical laboratory parameters are reflected in the plasma proteome, and eight plasma proteins correlated better with insulin resistance than the known marker adiponectin. Nearly all study participants benefited from weight loss regarding a ten‐protein inflammation panel defined from the proteomics data. We conclude that plasma proteome profiling broadly evaluates and monitors intervention in metabolic diseases.
An experimental investigation of vibration characteristics of compression ignition engine running with neem methyl ester
Authors: B. Madhava Varma , N. Ravi Kumar , G. Prasanthi ``
Published: December 2016

Reduction of fossil fuel reserves, environmental deterioration, global warming, and rigorous emission norms have necessitated the need for alternate fuel such as biodiesels. Diesel engines produce a higher vibration which leads to a reduced engine life span. In the present study, the vibration of a compression ignition engine has been measured for both diesel and Neem methyl ester. The experiments were carried out at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% load when the engine runs at a constant speed of 1500 rpm and with a compression ratio of 16. Triaxial accelerometer is used for measuring engine vibration along vertical, lateral, and longitudinal directions. Data acquisition and analysis are obtained by NI LabVIEW. It has been observed that an engine running with NME produces lower combustion induced vibration acceleration compared to diesel fuel. It is also noticed that higher peak amplitudes are observed at the frequency of 25 Hz for both diesel and NME, within the range of 0–100 Hz and along three directions. Within the range of 100–3000 Hz, the highest peak amplitudes are observed for engine running with diesel compared to neem methyl ester. At a 100% load, the change in vibration amplitude is 64.94 %, 86.41%, and 17% along vertical, lateral, and longitudinal directions when fuel is changed from NME to diesel. Combustion characteristics such as maximum cylinder pressure, heat release rate, and rate of pressure rise are also measured for both diesel and NME in order to find the relationship between combustion and vibration. At full load conditions, the maximum combustion pressure and maximum rate of pressure rise are increased by 2.1% and 8.33% with pure diesel compared to neem methyl ester. The experimental work suggests that neem methyl ester can be directly used in diesel engines in view of a lesser engine vibration and higher engine life.
İNSAN KAYNAKLARI YÖNETİCİLERİNİN LİDERLİK TARZI, YARATICI PROBLEM ÇÖZME KAPASİTESİ VE KARİYER TATMİNİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLERİN ARAŞTIRILMASI: AMPİRİK BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: YILMAZ Hüseyin
Published: December 2016

Bu çalışmanın amacı, insan kaynakları yöneticilerinin liderlik davranışları ile örgütün yaratıcı problem çözme kapasitesi ve çalışanların kariyer tatmini arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi ve ampirik olarak test edilmesidir. Araştırma kapsamında ihtiyaç duyulan veriler yapılandırılmış anket yöntemiyle, Aydın ilinde faaliyet gösteren beş yıldızlı otellerde görev yapan 130 çalışandan elde edilmiştir. Yapılan faktör analizine göre liderlik tarzı için demokratik, babacan, katılımcı, dönüştürücü, otokratik ve serbest bırakıcı liderlik boyutları tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan analizlerde, liderlik tarzlarının araştırmanın bağımlı değişkenleri ile anlamlı seviyede ve pozitif yönde ilişkiler bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Regresyon analizi sonucunda liderlik tarzlarından demokratik liderliğin yaratıcı problem çözme kapasitesi ile ilişkisinin diğer liderlik tarzlarına göre daha kuvvetlice olduğu tespit edilirken, çalışanların kariyer tatmini düzeyini en fazla açıklayan değişkenin ise örgütün yaratıcı problem çözme kapasitesi olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında örgütler için oldukça önemli olan insan kaynaklarındaki liderlik davranışı ile yaratıcı problem çözme kapasitesi ve kariyer tatmini değişkenleri arasındaki ilişkileri analiz eden çalışmaların oldukça kısıtlı olduğu görülmektedir. Sözü edilen değişkenler arasındaki ilişkilerin analiz edilerek ortaya çıkarılmasının, ilgili literatürdeki bilgi birikimine önemli katkılar yapabileceği ve bundan sonraki araştırmalar için de temel oluşturacağı öngörülmektedir.
MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: The impact of subclinical hypothyroidism on anthropometric characteristics, lipid, glucose and hormonal profile of PCOS patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pergialiotis Vasilios , Konstantopoulos Panagiotis , Prodromidou Anastasia , Florou Venetia , Papantoniou Nikolaos , Perrea Despina N
Published: December 2016

Objective

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is encountered in 10–25% of women with PCOS. To date, it remains unclear whether this coexistence influences the severity of metabolic and hormonal profile of these patients. The purpose of our systematic review is to investigate this potential relation.

Methods

We systematically searched Medline, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and Google Scholar databases together with reference lists from included studies. All prospective and retrospective observational cohort studies that investigated the impact of subclinical hypothyroidism on hormonal and metabolic parameters of PCOS patients were included. The methodological quality of studies was assessed with the Ottawa–Newcastle criteria. Statistical meta-analysis was performed with the RevMan 5.3 software.

Results

Twelve studies were finally included in the present review, which enrolled 2341 PCOS patients. Among them, 577 had subclinical hypothyroidism, whereas the remaining 2077 were PCOS women with normal thyroid function. The presence of SCH significantly affected HDL (MD –3.92 mg/dL 95% CI: –6.56, –1.29) and triglycerides levels (26.91 mg/dL 95% CI: –3.79, 50.02). HOMA-IR was also affected (MD 0.82 95% CI: 0.15, 1.50). On the other hand, LDL, fasting glucose and 2-h OGTT were not influenced. Similarly, prolactin, FSH, LH, LH/FSH ratio and sex hormone-binding globulin remained unaffected.

Conclusion

Subclinical hypothyroidism does not influence the hormonal profile of women with PCOS. On the other hand, it results in mild metabolic abnormalities, which are not clinically important in a short-term setting.
Cabergoline for Cushing’s disease: a large retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Ferriere A , Cortet C , Chanson P , Delemer B , Caron P , Chabre O , Reznik Y , Bertherat J , Rohmer V , Briet C , Raingeard I , Castinetti F , Beckers A , Vroonen L , Maiter D , Cephise-Velayoudom F L , Nunes M L , Haissaguerre M , Tabarin A
Published: December 2016

Objective

The efficacy of cabergoline in Cushing’s disease (CD) is controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of cabergoline in a large contemporary cohort of patients with CD.

Design

We conducted a retrospective multicenter study from thirteen French and Belgian university hospitals.

Methods

Sixty-two patients with CD received cabergoline monotherapy or add-on therapy. Symptom score, biological markers of hypercortisolism and adverse effects were recorded.

Results

Twenty-one (40%) of 53 patients who received cabergoline monotherapy had normal urinary free cortisol (UFC) values within 12 months (complete responders), and five of these patients developed corticotropic insufficiency. The fall in UFC was associated with significant reductions in midnight cortisol and plasma ACTH, and with clinical improvement. Compared to other patients, complete responders had similar median baseline UFC (2.0 vs 2.5xULN) and plasma prolactin concentrations but received lower doses of cabergoline (1.5 vs 3.5 mg/week,P < 0.05). During long-term treatment (>12 months), cabergoline was withdrawn in 28% of complete responders because of treatment escape or intolerance. Overall, sustained control of hypercortisolism was obtained in 23% of patients for 32.5 months (19–105). Nine patients on steroidogenesis inhibitors received cabergoline add-on therapy for 19 months (1–240). Hypercortisolism was controlled in 56% of these patients during the first year of treatment with cabergoline at 1.0 mg/week (0.5–3.5).

Conclusions

About 20–25% of CD patients are good responders to cabergoline therapy allowing long-term control of hypercortisolism at relatively low dosages and with acceptable tolerability. No single parameter, including the baseline UFC and prolactin levels, predicted the response to cabergoline.
General Amino Acid Control and 14-3-3 Proteins Bmh1/2 Are Required for Nitrogen Catabolite Repression-Sensitive Regulation of Gln3 and Gat1 Localization
Authors: Tate Jennifer J , Buford David , Rai Rajendra , Cooper Terrance G
Published: December 2016

Nitrogen catabolite repression (NCR), the ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to use good nitrogen sources in preference to poor ones, derives from nitrogen-responsive regulation of the GATA family transcription activators Gln3 and Gat1. In nitrogen-replete conditions, the GATA factors are cytoplasmic and NCR-sensitive transcription minimal. When only poor nitrogen sources are available, Gln3 is nuclear, dramatically increasing GATA factor-mediated transcription. This regulation was originally attributed to mechanistic Tor protein kinase complex 1 (mTorC1)-mediated control of Gln3. However, we recently showed that two regulatory systems act cumulatively to maintain cytoplasmic Gln3 sequestration, only one of which is mTorC1. Present experiments demonstrate that the other previously elusive component is uncharged transfer RNA-activated, Gcn2 protein kinase-mediated general amino acid control (GAAC). Gcn2 and Gcn4 are required for NCR-sensitive nuclear Gln3-Myc13 localization, and from epistasis experiments Gcn2 appears to function upstream of Ure2. Bmh1/2 are also required for nuclear Gln3-Myc13 localization and appear to function downstream of Ure2. Overall, Gln3 phosphorylation levels decrease upon loss of Gcn2, Gcn4, or Bmh1/2. Our results add a new dimension to nitrogen-responsive GATA-factor regulation and demonstrate the cumulative participation of the mTorC1 and GAAC pathways, which respond oppositely to nitrogen availability, in the nitrogen-responsive control of catabolic gene expression in yeast.
Spiraling Complexity: A Test of the Snowball Effect in a Computational Model of RNA Folding
Authors: Kalirad Ata , Azevedo Ricardo B R
Published: December 2016

The snowball hypothesis suggests that the number of genetic incompatibilities between two populations will accumulate faster than linearly as they diverge...

Genetic incompatibilities can emerge as a byproduct of genetic divergence. According to Dobzhansky and Muller, an allele that fixes in one population may be incompatible with an allele at a different locus in another population when the two alleles are brought together in hybrids. Orr showed that the number of Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities (DMIs) should accumulate faster than linearly—i.e., snowball—as two lineages diverge. Several studies have attempted to test the snowball effect using data from natural populations. One limitation of these studies is that they have focused on predictions of the Orr model, but not on its underlying assumptions. Here, we use a computational model of RNA folding to test both predictions and assumptions of the Orr model. Two populations are allowed to evolve in allopatry on a holey fitness landscape. We find that the number of inviable introgressions (an indicator for the number of DMIs) snowballs, but does so more slowly than expected. We show that this pattern is explained, in part, by the fact that DMIs can disappear after they have arisen, contrary to the assumptions of the Orr model. This occurs because DMIs become progressively more complex (i.e., involve alleles at more loci) as a result of later substitutions. We also find that most DMIs involve >2 loci, i.e., they are complex. Reproductive isolation does not snowball because DMIs do not act independently of each other. We conclude that the RNA model supports the central prediction of the Orr model that the number of DMIs snowballs, but challenges other predictions, as well as some of its underlying assumptions.
Evidence for Amino Acid Snorkeling from a High-Resolution,In VivoAnalysis of Fis1 Tail-Anchor Insertion at the Mitochondrial Outer Membrane
Authors: Keskin Abdurrahman , Akdoğan Emel , Dunn Cory D
Published: December 2016

Proteins localized to mitochondria by a carboxyl-terminal tail anchor (TA) play roles in apoptosis, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitochondrial protein import. To reveal characteristics of TAs that may be important for mitochondrial targeting, we focused our attention upon the TA of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae  Fis1 protein. Specifically, we generated a library of Fis1p TA variants fused to the Gal4 transcription factor, then, using next-generation sequencing, revealed which Fis1p TA mutations inhibited membrane insertion and allowed Gal4p activity in the nucleus. Prompted by our global analysis, we subsequently analyzed the ability of individual Fis1p TA mutants to localize to mitochondria. Our findings suggest that the membrane-associated domain of the Fis1p TA may be bipartite in nature, and we encountered evidence that the positively charged patch at the carboxyl terminus of Fis1p is required for both membrane insertion and organelle specificity. Furthermore, lengthening or shortening of the Fis1p TA by up to three amino acids did not inhibit mitochondrial targeting, arguing against a model in which TA length directs insertion of TAs to distinct organelles. Most importantly, positively charged residues were more acceptable at several positions within the membrane-associated domain of the Fis1p TA than negatively charged residues. These findings, emerging from the first high-resolution analysis of an organelle targeting sequence by deep mutational scanning, provide strong, in vivo evidence that lysine and arginine can “snorkel,” or become stably incorporated within a lipid bilayer by placing terminal charges of their side chains at the membrane interface.
Feeding-Related Traits Are Affected by Dosage of theforagingGene inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Allen Aaron M , Anreiter Ina , Neville Megan C , Sokolowski Marla B
Published: December 2016

Nutrient acquisition and energy storage are critical parts of achieving metabolic homeostasis. The foraging gene in Drosophila melanogaster has previously been implicated in multiple feeding-related and metabolic traits. Before foraging’s functions can be further dissected, we need a precise genetic null mutant to definitively map its amorphic phenotypes. We used homologous recombination to precisely delete foraging, generating the for0 null allele, and used recombineering to reintegrate a full copy of the gene, generating the {forBAC} rescue allele. We show that a total loss of foraging expression in larvae results in reduced larval path length and food intake behavior, while conversely showing an increase in triglyceride levels. Furthermore, varying foraging gene dosage demonstrates a linear dose-response on these phenotypes in relation to foraging gene expression levels. These experiments have unequivocally proven a causal, dose-dependent relationship between the foraging gene and its pleiotropic influence on these feeding-related traits. Our analysis of foraging’s transcription start sites, termination sites, and splicing patterns using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and full-length cDNA sequencing, revealed four independent promoters, pr1–4, that produce 21 transcripts with nine distinct open reading frames (ORFs). The use of alternative promoters and alternative splicing at the foraging locus creates diversity and flexibility in the regulation of gene expression, and ultimately function. Future studies will exploit these genetic tools to precisely dissect the isoform- and tissue-specific requirements of foraging’s functions and shed light on the genetic control of feeding-related traits involved in energy homeostasis.
Significado de los valores profesionales en docentes y estudiantes de enfermería, UNMSM – 2014
Authors: Vera Martha , Cornejo Rocío , Rivas Luisa , Calizaya Jessica , Zamora Oswaldo , Garcia Julissa
Published: December 2016

Objetivo. Interpretar el significado de los valores profesionales en docentes y estudiantes de la Escuela Académico Profesional de Enfermería de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Metodología. Enfoque cualitativo, método descriptivo-interpretativo. El análisis fue ideográfico y nomotético. Muestra por criterio de saturación y entrevista a profundidad a 12 docentes, y 16 estudiantes de cuarto y quinto año de estudios constituidos en tres grupo focales. Resultados. Por objetivación y anclaje y dentro del entorno académico-administrativo, emergió la representación social del significado de los valores profesionales a través de cinco categorías y subcategorías. En Docentes: teniendo valores personales: amor, respeto, vocación profesional, responsabilidad y amistad, y valores inherentes al quehacer profesional: amor, responsabilidad, respeto, capacidad intelectual, justicia, y compromiso social. Estudiantes: teniendo valores personales: amor, respeto, amistad; y valores inherentes al quehacer profesional: desarrollando y consolidando la vocación; teniendo conocimiento científico, amor, respeto, amistad, responsabilidad, justicia, puntualidad. Conclusiones. Para docentes y estudiantes los valores profesionales significan tener como base valores personales de carácter moral y valores éticos inherentes al quehacer profesional, donde destacan: amor, vocación, responsabilidad, respeto, amistad, justicia, conocimiento científico, aprendizaje de valores con ejemplo y modelo de docentes.
Análisis bibliométrico de la producción científica sobre las agendas nacionales de investigación en el Perú 2011-2014
Authors: Romani Romani Franco Ronald , Roque Henríquez Joel , Vásquez Loarte Tania , Mormontoy Calvo Henry , Vásquez Soplopuco Hans
Published: December 2016

Objetivo. Analizar la producción científica enmarcada en las Agendas Nacionales de Investigación de Perú, periodo 2011-2014. Diseño. Estudio bibliométrico en las bases de datos SCOPUS, LILACS y LIPECS. Lugar. Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Perú. Unidad de análisis. Artículo original que cuenta con al menos un investigador con filiación a una institución peruana o cuya población de estudio o parte de ella procede de Perú y enmarcados en algún tema de las Agendas Nacionales de Investigación. Principales medidas de resultados. Indicadores bibliométricos de producción. Resultados. De las 882 publicaciones recuperadas, 215 (24,4%) ingresaron al análisis. Las Agendas Nacionales de Investigación con mayor producción científica fueron sobre tuberculosis e ITS-VIH/sida con 78 y 59 artículos. El idioma más frecuente de publicación fue el inglés (69,8%). Los artículos fueron publicados en 90 revistas científicas. Las instituciones peruanas con mayor cantidad de firmas en artículos originales fueron la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (49,3%), seguido por el Ministerio de Salud (19,5%) e Instituto Nacional de Salud (14,4%). Los Institutos Nacionales de Salud de los Estados Unidos participaron en el financiamiento del 50,7% de los artículos analizados. Las instituciones peruanas que más investigaciones han financiado son el Instituto Nacional de Salud (4,2%) y el MINSA (2,8%). Conclusiones. La producción científica peruana enmarcada en las seis Agendas Nacionales de Investigación del periodo 2011-2014 es limitada, a predominio de la investigación en tuberculosis y ITS-VIH/sida, y se encuentra financiada principalmente por instituciones internacionales.
Utilización de tecnología, información, comunicación y aula virtual en la enseñanza de la asignatura de Gerencia en Salud para los médicos residentes de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2015
Authors: Matzumura Juan P. , Gutiérrez Hugo
Published: December 2016

Introducción. A partir del año 2005 se inició la incorporación de la formación por competencias en los diversos planes de estudio de los programas de formación médica, incluyendo siete competencias que requieren los médicos residentes. Los temas de gerencia y administración fueron dos de las competencias que parecían recibir poco desarrollo y atención. Objetivo. Describir y analizar el uso de tecnología, información, comunicación y aula virtual para la enseñanza de Gerencia en Salud. Diseño. Estudio cuantitativo de nivel descriptivo, prospectivo y de corte transversal. Lugar. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Participantes. 91 médicos residentes matriculados en la asignatura de Gerencia en Salud. Intervenciones. Se seleccionó una muestra no probabilista por conveniencia y se implementó un aula virtual de código abierto. El índice de confiabilidad del instrumento correspondió a 0,93. Se aplicó el cuestionario bajo la modalidad online. Resultados. La principal fuente de adquisición de conocimientos y habilidades fue de forma autodidacta. El 83,9% recomendaría la implementación y uso del aula virtual para el desarrollo de otros cursos del Programa de Segunda Especialización en Medicina Humana. El 90% consideró importante el uso del aula virtual durante su formación como médico especialista. Conclusiones. Se considera importante la implementación del aula virtual y su utilidad para la formación de médico especialista.
Comparación entre la depuración de creatinina en orina de 24 horas y la fórmula de Cockcroft – Gault para estimar el filtrado glomerular en mujeres gestantes atendidas en un hospital de Lima
Authors: Golac Malca Mario , Sandoval Vegas Miguel , Morales del Pino Jimmy
Published: December 2016

La filtración glomerular se calcula por la depuración de creatinina endógena (DCE) en orina de 24 horas, con limitaciones en su recolección y dificultades para los pacientes. Sin embargo, existen fórmulas propuestas para estimar esta función renal. Objetivo. Aplicar la fórmula Cockcroft–Gault de filtración glomerular y compararla con método químico colorimétrico en gestantes. Diseño. Estudio observacional, correlacional, prospectivo y transversal. Lugar. Laboratorio central, Hospital Nacional Sergio Bernales de Lima, Perú. Participantes. Mujeres gestantes. Métodos. Previo consentimiento informado, se procesaron muestras de sangre y orina de 24 horas de 92 gestantes, entre noviembre 2015 y enero 2016. Se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson entre los resultados DCE de la fórmula Cockcroft–Gault y la obtenida en suero-orina de 24 horas. Resultados. La muestra tuvo una distribución normal analizada por el estimador Smirnov-Kolmogorov. El promedio de la DCE en orina de 24 horas fue 73,65 ± 19,85 mL/min, la obtenida por la fórmula Cockcroft-Gault fue 99,82 ± 18,75 mL/min, con diferencia significativa a la prueba t para muestras relacionadas (p < 0,000), y la correlación entre dichos métodos de laboratorio fue baja (r=0,561) en todas las gestantes y por trimestre, mostrando falta de correlación con la prueba coeficiente de correlación-concordancia de Lin (ccc) (p < 0,01). La sensibilidad (S) fue 0,50; especificidad (E) 0,591, el valor predictivo positivo (VPP) 0,212 y el negativo (VPN) 0,881. Conclusiones. La DCE obtenida por fórmula Cockcroft–Gault con la DCE suero-orina de 24 horas en gestantes tuvo baja correlación (r = ⦋0,4 a 0,67⦌), con niveles bajos de S, E VPP y VPN, por lo que no es recomendable su uso en gestantes.
Editorial
Authors: Pacheco Romero José
Published: December 2016

Según los últimos informes del sector salud del Perú, más de 63% de la población entre los 30 y 59 años sufre de sobrepeso u obesidad (1). Ello es preocupante, más aún al conocer que la transmisión intergeneracional del índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la obesidad ocurre primariamente por mecanismos genéticos (2). El problema es mayor en la costa y selva, existiendo evidencia de un incremento en el metabolismo de la glucosa en la altura, que incluye una menor resistencia a la insulina en sujetos no obesos (3) y mayor presencia del síndrome metabólico en la población por debajo de los 1 000 msnm que por encima de 3 000 msnm (4). En el Perú se ha hallado prevalencias de obesidad de 9% (5) a 18% (6) en la altura, menores a las de la costa y selva.
Predictores de mortalidad en pacientes con hemoptisis en un servicio de emergencia
Authors: Contreras Camarena Carlos , Jave Castillo Oswaldo , Cortez Cozar Alberto , Lira Véliz Humberto
Published: December 2016

Introducción. La hemoptisis es una de las manifestaciones más alarmantes de las enfermedades broncopulmonares y representa el 7% de los ingresos hospitalarios a los servicios de medicina Interna. La hemoptisis severa está relacionada a cifras altas de mortalidad alrededor del 40%. Existen múltiples factores que cuando coexisten con hemoptisis alteran su evolución y pronóstico. No solo la severidad de la hemoptisis determina el riesgo de muerte, sino la presencia de comorbilidades, especialmente pulmonares que afectan la reserva funcional del paciente. Objetivos. Determinar la mortalidad y los factores que incrementan la mortalidad en pacientes con hemoptisis que son admitidos por un servicio de emergencia. Diseño. Estudio analítico. Institución. Servicio de emergencia, Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, Lima, Perú. Participantes. Pacientes con diagnóstico de hemoptisis. Métodos. Se revisaron 108 historias clínicas de pacientes que fueron hospitalizados por emergencia con diagnóstico de hemoptisis en un lapso de 2 años. Se recolectaron las variables edad, sexo, procedencia, presencia de comorbilidades, reserva funcional respiratoria cualitativa, entre otros. Los resultados se expresaron en distribución de frecuencias absolutas y relativas, medias (+1DE); los factores relacionados a incremento de mortalidad se les determinó mediante el estimado del riesgo relativo (RR). Para la comparación de proporciones se utilizó la prueba chi2. Para determinar las variables asociadas a mortalidad se usó el modelo de regresión logística múltiple. Principales medidas de resultados. Factores asociados a incremento de mortalidad. Resultados. Los factores asociados a incremento de mortalidad fueron la presencia de caverna mayor de 1 cm de diámetro, de localización hiliar, y el antecedente de readmisiones por hemoptisis. Así mismo, la presencia de fibrosis pulmonar que comprometía más de 50% del parénquima pulmonar bilateral fue importante predictor de mortalidad. Conclusiones. La reserva funcional pulmonar fue el determinante principal relacionado a mortalidad en pacientes con hemoptisis que fueron hospitalizados por emergencia.
Actualización en el diagnóstico de la enfermedad celiaca
Authors: Real Delor Raúl Emilio
Published: December 2016

La enfermedad celiaca (EC) es una afección autoinmune multisistémica inducida por el gluten en personas genéticamente susceptibles. La presentación clínica clásica es con un síndrome diarreico crónico, aunque existen formas atípicas y silentes, lo cual dificulta el diagnóstico. El mismo se basa en la detección de diversos autoanticuerpos, sobre todo la IgA contra la transglutaminasa tisular, aunque la prueba de oro es el estudio anatomopatológico de biopsias duodenales obtenidas por endoscopia digestiva alta. La ausencia del gen HLA es una prueba que se utiliza para descartar la EC. La respuesta a la dieta sin gluten confirma esta afección, que de no diagnosticarse oportunamente y tratarse en forma adecuada puede llevar a complicaciones graves.
Apendicitis aguda neonatal: reporte de un caso
Authors: Romero Rojas Nery , Sánchez García Luis
Published: December 2016

Introducción. La apendicitis aguda en neonatos es excepcionalmente rara. La mortalidad es muy alta y la perforación frecuente debido a problemas en el diagnóstico temprano en tanto el cuadro clínico es muy inespecífico. Se presenta un caso de apendicitis aguda no perforada en un neonato. Reporte de caso. Neonato de sexo femenino de 6 días de edad y de 3 170 g de peso, que desde el nacimiento rechazó la lactancia materna. Al tercer día presentó fiebre de 39º C, distensión abdominal, vómitos múltiples y estreñimiento. Al examen físico se observó reptación en hemiabdomen superior y silencio abdominal. Una radiografía simple de abdomen mostró una cámara gástrica muy distendida; otros exámenes auxiliares fueron poco contributorios. Fue intervenida quirúrgicamente con el diagnóstico de oclusión intestinal, encontrándose apéndice cecal con múltiples adherencias laxas al íleo. Fue dada de alta a los pocos días. El estudio histopatológico mostró apendicitis aguda gangrenosa no perforada. La apendicitis aguda debe ser considerada como parte del diagnóstico diferencial en la emergencia quirúrgica neonatal.
Composición química y actividad antibacteriana del aceite esencial de Peperomia acuminata de los Andes venezolanos
Authors: Mora-Vivas Flor D. , Velasco Judith , Díaz Tulia , Rojas-Fermín Luis , Díaz de Torres Lorena , Ríos-Tesch Nurby , Carmona Juan
Published: December 2016

El género Peperomia (Piperaceae), es bien conocido por sus especies ornamentales y usos etnomedicinales. En el presente trabajo se describe la caracterización química y la actividad antibacteriana del aceite esencial de Peperomia acuminata Ruiz & Pav. proveniente del Estado Mérida Venezuela. El aceite esencial se obtuvo por hidrodestilación de las hojas y la separación de los componentes se realizó por Cromatografía de gases-Espectrometría de Masas (CG/EM). Se logró la elucidación de ocho compuestos (96,7%), siendo el 2E-dodecenal el componente mayoritario (65%) seguido de dodecanal (14,8%) y tetradecanal (9,2%). Esta investigación muestra el potencial del aceite esencial de P. acuminata frente a bacterias Gram positivas (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 y Enterococcus faecalis 29212), con un valor de Concentración inhibitoria mínima de 1μL/mL. Este es el primer reporte sobre la composición química del aceite esencial de esta especie, por lo tanto una contribución importante al estudio del género Peperomia.
Primer registro del ratón colombiano del bosque Chilomys instans (Cricetidae: Rodentia) en Cajamarca: actualizando el listado de mamíferos del Perú
Authors: Medina César E. , Medina Yasmy K. , Pino Kateryn , Pari Alexander , López Evaristo , Zeballos Horacio
Published: December 2016

El roedor Chilomys instans (Thomasomyini, Cricetidae) es una especie común en la comunidad de mamíferos que habita los Andes del Norte en Sudamérica. Aquí presentamos el primer registro de la especie para el Perú, en base a la revisión morfológica de tres ejemplares colectados en el departamento de Cajamarca (Andes del Centro). Se presentan comentarios sobre la taxonomía de C. instans e información sobre su historia natural. La amplia distribución del género Chilomys en los Andes pone de manifiesto la necesidad de realizar la revisión taxonómica de éste género para esclarecer los límites de las especies que la conforman.
Primer registro de Phyllodactylus sentosus (Squamata: Phyllodactylidae) para el valle del río Chillón, Lima, Perú
Authors: Olivera Diego , Castillo Luis , Gutiérrez Gerardo
Published: December 2016

El gecko de Lima Phyllodactylus sentosus (Dixon & Huey, 1970) identificado como en peligro crítico de extinción ha sido registrado sólo en algunas localidades entre los valles de los ríos Rímac y Lurín, en el centro y sur de la ciudad de Lima, Región Lima, sin embargo, su distribución hacia el norte no está documentada. En el presente trabajo se reporta por primera vez la presencia de P. sentosus en la Huaca Tambo Inga, ubicada en el margen derecho del valle del río Chillón en el distrito de Puente Piedra, extendiendo su distribución 19 km al noreste.
Nota sobre la dieta de la Lechucita Bigotona, Xenoglaux loweryi en Yambrasbamba, Amazonas
Authors: Alarcón Alejandro , Shanee Sam , Huaman Gabriela , Shanee Noga
Published: December 2016

En este trabajo se dan a conocer los resultados del análisis de heces de la Lechucita Bigotona (Xenoglaux loweryi), especie endémica de Perú y en peligro de extinción según IUCN, que habita los bosques montanos húmedos de la cordillera Oriental de los Andes. Entre enero y setiembre de 2014, durante evaluaciones sobre la ecología de este búho en el área de bosque montano conocido como “La Jalca”, en la comunidad de Yambrasbamba, Amazonas; se colectaron cuatro muestras de heces de diferentes individuos, en los meses de mayo, julio, agosto y setiembre correspondientemente. Estos fueron analizados, encontrándose fragmentos característicos del orden Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Ortoptera y Lepidoptera. Confirmándose que parte de su dieta son pequeños insectos; al igual que otros pequeños estrígidos.
TRAITEMENT DE L’ADAPTATION DES EMPRUNTS DANS LE TRÉSOR DE LA LANGUE FRANÇAISE
Authors: Albert Sabine
Published: December 2016

Si l’emprunt figure parmi les multiples procédés permettant d’enrichir le fonds lexical d’une langue, son intégration totale dans un système linguistique n’intervient qu’au terme d’un long processus que peuvent retracer les dictionnaires. Nous étudierons ici comment le Trésor de la Langue Française, un dictionnaire très extensif à vocation scientifique, rend compte des évolutions formelles, graphiques, morphologiques, sémantiques susceptibles d’affecter les emprunts avant la captation lexicographique qui avalise leur présence dans la langue française. Nous nous pencherons également sur les options retenues vis-à-vis des recommandations officielles, descriptives ou normatives, par les rédacteurs du TLF.
LIETUVOS GIMNAZISTŲ POŽIŪRIS: IŠSILAVINIMAS BENDRINĖS KALBOS VAIZDINIUOSE
Authors: Aliūkaitė Daiva , Mikulėnienė Danguolė
Published: December 2016

Straipsnis skirtas išsilavinimo kaip vieno iš bendrinės kalbos vaizdinio požymių integruotumo anali­zei pristatyti. Tyrimo pagrindas – mokslinio projekto „Bendrinės kalbos vieta mentaliniame lietuvių kalbos žemėlapyje“ duomenys. Tyrimas vykdytas dešimtyje punktų, kurie, atsižvelgiant į užimamą plotą, proporcingai pasirinkti žemaičių (3) ir aukštaičių (7) geolektinėse ir regiolektinėse zonose. Ben­dra tyrimo imtis – 1415 tiriamųjų. Medžiagos tipas – sąmoningosios jaunuolių nuostatos, gautos at­likus anoniminį anketavimą. Pagrindinis anketos klausimų ir užduočių blokas yra skirtas regioninio variantiškumo vertinimui, savo požiūrį į bendrinę kalbą tiriamieji atskleidė per mentalinį žemėlapį ir atsakydami į atvirąjį ketvirtąjį anketos klausimą, skirtą bendrine kalba kalbančio žmogaus asocia­tams išsiaiškinti. Straipsnyje pristatomo tyrimo tikslui pasiekti yra svarbi bendrinės kalbos vartotojo asociatų užduoties medžiaga. Analizuojant laikomasi nuostatos, kad varianto ir jo vartotojo bruožai paprastojo kalbos bendruomenės nario požiūriu iš esmės yra susiję. Plėtojant įžvalgas apie išsilavini­mo kaip bendrinės kalbos požymio integruotumą Lietuvos jaunuolių vaizdiniuose, nuosekliai išsklei­džiami visų dešimties tyrimo punktų duomenys, aiškinami juose fiksuoti bendrumai ir skirtumai.
THE PHONOLOGICAL ILLUSION: THE QUALITY AND NUMBER OF EPENTHETIC VOWELS
Authors: Melnik Gerda Ana
Published: December 2016

Adult speakers tend to have difficulties in perceiving non-native sequences of sounds as their percep­tion is influenced by the features of their L1 phonological system. For example, previous studies have shown that Japanese speakers perceptually insert an illusory vowel /u/ in consonant clusters, which are phonotoctically illegal structures in Japanese. While the phenomenon of phonological illusion also occurs in other languages, such as Brazilian Portuguese or Korean, the epenthetic vowels have been shown to be language-specific. Despite these findings, many questions concerning the number of illusory vowels possible in a language and their quality remain open. In this study we will present recent work on the topic and provide a critical comparison of those findings, concentrating on the role of context-sensitivity in the determination of the features of the illusory vowel.
IL CITOYEN NEI DIZIONARI FRANCESI TRA XVII E XVIII SECOLO
Authors: Saggiomo Carmen
Published: December 2016

È intenzione del presente studio esplorare la voce citoyen attraverso le entrate di alcuni fra i più rile­vanti dizionari, dal Thresor de la langue françoyse di Jean Nicot, del 1606, all’edizione del Diction­naire de L’Académie françoise del 1798. Si ha così l’occasione per censire i mutamenti semantici e culturali, l’étendue des sens, tra la pubblicazione del primo dizionario moderno della lingua francese e la quinta edizione dell’Accademia, che precede la fine del periodo rivoluzionario, assunto dalla sto­riografia come spartiacque fra età moderna e età contemporanea. Nel XVII secolo il termine citoyen rimanda, in modo pressoché costante, alla cultura giuridica greco-romana, per la quale cives erano gli abitanti di Roma, Atene, Sparta etc. La concezione della città-Stato, che caratterizza soprattutto il mondo greco, diverrà, seppur con qualità specifiche, un tratto tipico di Roma anche successivamen­te all’espansione dell’impero, ragion per cui, pur in presenza di una forte estensione territoriale, il cittadino romano resta ancorato all’Urbe. Tale modo di concepire il cittadino è rinvenibile in tutti i dizionari francesi qui analizzati. Non va dimenticato che il concetto di “Stato”, nel suo significato moderno, si afferma convenzionalmente solo dopo il Trattato di Westphalia del 1648, quando sulla scena internazionale si affacciano gli Stati nazionali. Solo nel XVIII secolo, e in particolare con la Rivoluzione francese, si passa a un citoyen inteso come soggetto parte della nazione e depositario della sovranità popolare.
ON SOME HUMOROUS ASPECTS OF CONCEPTUAL BLENDING IN POLITICIZED DISCOURSE
Authors: Vengalienė Dovilė
Published: December 2016

In this paper, a very dynamic linguistic phenomenon, humour, is analysed on the basis of the Theory of Conceptual Blending developed by Gilles Fauconnier and Mark Turner (2002). It was discovered that in Lithuanian politicized discourse during and after the period of elections (2012, 2016) the majority of political events and personalities were given an evaluative implicit assessment through hu­mour/irony, which can be seen as an emergent result of blending processes. In the paper, the tendency to ridicule politicians and political events on news websites is discussed focusing exceptionally on the processes of blending at the lexical level. The research reveals that the coinage of new lexical units by fusing at least two source words or splinters follows certain patterns. The structural analysis is based on the works of Anita Lehrer, Michael Kelly, Stefan Gries, and Ekaterine Bakaradze. The main claims of the paper are supported by 362 blends collected from the headlines and comments of delfi.lt, lrytas. lt, and blogs, during the period of 2012–2016.