bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal Analysis of Vacuum Resistance Furnace
Authors: Badshah Saeed , Atif Muhammad , Ul Haq Ihsan , Abdullah Malik Suheel , Badshah Mujahid , Jan Sakhi
Published: December 2019

The current paper describes the effect of insulation thickness in a vacuum resistance furnace. An existing furnace was optimized for insulation thickness using analytical and numerical studies. Furnace heating efficiency was improved up to 64% by controlling the heat flow at the insulation face. The numerical results were validated experimentally and vice versa. The numerical results predicted a decrease in heat flow of 70%, while the experimentally achieved value was 64%. The percentage difference in numerical and experimental results was calculated to be 1.5–5% maximum in temperature value. The effect of mesh finesse was evaluated for thermal analysis and it was concluded that a very little difference of 5 °C occurs when element size is reduced 5 times. The study using numerical methods will help in designing better and upgraded furnaces with greater energy savings. Also, the application of numerical methods is proposed as an effective design and performance prediction tool during manufacturing and operational activities of vacuum furnaces, respectively.
ABC-ANFIS-CTF: A Method for Diagnosis and Prediction of Coking Degree of Ethylene Cracking Furnace Tube
Authors: Peng Zhiping , Zhao Junfeng , Yin Zhaolin , Gu Yu , Qiu Jinbo , Cui Delong
Published: December 2019

The carburizing and coking of ethylene cracking furnace tubes are the important factors that affect the energy efficiency of ethylene production. To realize the diagnosis and prediction of the different coking degrees of cracking furnace tubes, and then take corresponding treatment measures, is of great significance for improving ethylene production and prolonging the service life of the furnace tube. Therefore, a fusion diagnosis and prediction method based on artificial bee colony (ABC) and adaptive neural fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is proposed, which also introduces a coking-time factor (CTF). The actual data verification shows that the method not only improves the training efficiency and diagnosis accuracy of the coking diagnosis and inference system of the cracking furnace tube, but also realizes the prediction of the development trend of the coking degree of the furnace tube.
Change—But Not Enough Yet
Authors: Paine Crispin
Published: December 2019

Many museums are now taking religion much more seriously, and there is a lot of academic interest in the subject. But many of the changes are very slow, and many museums are still ignoring religion.
Near-Real Time Automatic Snow Avalanche Activity Monitoring System Using Sentinel-1 SAR Data in Norway
Authors: Eckerstorfer Markus , Vickers Hannah , Malnes Eirik , Grahn Jakob
Published: December 2019

Knowledge of the spatio-temporal occurrence of avalanche activity is critical for avalanche forecasting. We present a near-real time automatic avalanche monitoring system that outputs detected avalanche polygons within roughly 10 min after Sentinel-1 SAR data are download. Our avalanche detection algorithm has an average probability of detection (POD) of 67.2% with a false alarm rate (FAR) averaging 45.9, with a maximum POD of over 85% and a minimum FAR of 24.9% compared to manual detection of avalanches. The high variability in performance stems from the dynamic nature of snow in the Sentinel-1 data. After tuning parameters of the detection algorithm, we processed five years of Sentinel-1 images acquired over a 150 × 100 km large area in Northern Norway, with the best setup. Compared to a dataset of field-observed avalanches, 77.3% were manually detectable. Using these manual detections as benchmark, the avalanche detection algorithm achieved an accuracy of 79% with high POD in cases of medium to large wet snow avalanches. For the first time, we present a dataset of spatio-temporal avalanche activity over several winters from a large region. Currently, the Norwegian Avalanche Warning Service is using our processing system for pre-operational use in three regions in Norway.
Mitigation of Ionospheric Scintillation Effects on GNSS Signals with VMD-MFDFA
Authors: Ahmed Wasiu Akande , Wu Falin , Marlia Dessi , Ednofri Ednofri , Zhao Yan
Published: December 2019

Severe scintillations degrade the satellite signal intensity below the fade margin of satellite receivers thereby resulting in failure of communication, positioning, and navigational services. The performance of satellite receivers is obviously restricted by ionospheric scintillation effects, which may lead to signal degradation primarily due to the refraction, reflection, and scattering of radio signals. Thus, there is a need to develop an ionospheric scintillation detection and mitigation technique for robust satellite signal receivers. Hence, variational mode decomposition (VMD) is proposed. VMD addresses the problem of ionospheric scintillation effects on global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals by extracting the noise from the radio signals in combination with multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA). MFDFA helps as a criterion designed to detect and distinguish the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) into noisy (scintillated) and noise-free (non-scintillated) IMF signal components using the MFDFA threshold. The results of the proposed method are promising, reliable, and have the potential to mitigate ionospheric scintillation effects on both the synthetic (simulated) and real GNSS data obtained from Manado station (latitude 1.34° S and longitude 124.82° E), Indonesia. From the results, the effectiveness of VMD-MFDFA over complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition with MFDFA (CEEMD-MFDFA) is an indication of better performance.
Remote Sensing and Texture Image Classification Network Based on Deep Learning Integrated with Binary Coding and Sinkhorn Distance
Authors: He Chu , Zhang Qingyi , Qu Tao , Wang Dingwen , Liao Mingsheng
Published: December 2019

In the past two decades, traditional hand-crafted feature based methods and deep feature based methods have successively played the most important role in image classification. In some cases, hand-crafted features still provide better performance than deep features. This paper proposes an innovative network based on deep learning integrated with binary coding and Sinkhorn distance (DBSNet) for remote sensing and texture image classification. The statistical texture features of the image extracted by uniform local binary pattern (ULBP) are introduced as a supplement for deep features extracted by ResNet-50 to enhance the discriminability of features. After the feature fusion, both diversity and redundancy of the features have increased, thus we propose the Sinkhorn loss where an entropy regularization term plays a key role in removing redundant information and training the model quickly and efficiently. Image classification experiments are performed on two texture datasets and five remote sensing datasets. The results show that the statistical texture features of the image extracted by ULBP complement the deep features, and the new Sinkhorn loss performs better than the commonly used softmax loss. The performance of the proposed algorithm DBSNet ranks in the top three on the remote sensing datasets compared with other state-of-the-art algorithms.
Thickness Measurement of Water Film/Rivulets Based on Grayscale Index
Authors: Jing Haiquan , Cheng Yi , He Xuhui , Zhou Xu , He Jia
Published: December 2019

This study proposed a nonintrusive and cost-efficient technique to measure the thickness of a thin water film/rivulet based on the grayscale index. This technique uses millions of probes and only needs a digital camera, fill lights, and pigment. For water colored with diluted pigment, the grayscale index of the water captured by a digital camera depends on the water thickness. This relationship can be utilized to measure the water thickness through digital image processing. In the present study, the relationship between the grayscale index and water thickness was theoretically and experimentally investigated. Theoretical derivation revealed that when the product of water thickness and the color density approaches to 0, the grayscale index is inversely proportional to the thickness. The experimental results show that under the color density of 0.05%, the grayscale index is inversely proportional to the thickness of water film when the thickness is less than 6 mm. This linear relationship was utilized to measure the distribution and profile of a water rivulet flowing on the lower surface of a cable model.
Monitoring Within-Field Variability of Corn Yield using Sentinel-2 and Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Kayad Ahmed , Sozzi Marco , Gatto Simone , Marinello Francesco , Pirotti Francesco
Published: December 2019

Monitoring and prediction of within-field crop variability can support farmers to make the right decisions in different situations. The current advances in remote sensing and the availability of high resolution, high frequency, and free Sentinel-2 images improve the implementation of Precision Agriculture (PA) for a wider range of farmers. This study investigated the possibility of using vegetation indices (VIs) derived from Sentinel-2 images and machine learning techniques to assess corn (Zea mays) grain yield spatial variability within the field scale. A 22-ha study field in North Italy was monitored between 2016 and 2018; corn yield was measured and recorded by a grain yield monitor mounted on the harvester machine recording more than 20,000 georeferenced yield observation points from the study field for each season. VIs from a total of 34 Sentinel-2 images at different crop ages were analyzed for correlation with the measured yield observations. Multiple regression and two different machine learning approaches were also tested to model corn grain yield. The three main results were the following: (i) the Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI) provided the highest R2 value of 0.48 for monitoring within-field variability of corn grain yield; (ii) the most suitable period for corn yield monitoring was a crop age between 105 and 135 days from the planting date (R4–R6); (iii) Random Forests was the most accurate machine learning approach for predicting within-field variability of corn yield, with an R2 value of almost 0.6 over an independent validation set of half of the total observations. Based on the results, within-field variability of corn yield for previous seasons could be investigated from archived Sentinel-2 data with GNDVI at crop stage (R4–R6).
Quantification of Soil Organic Carbon in Biochar-Amended Soil Using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)
Authors: Shen Xiaoqing , Foster Tyler , Baldi Heather , Dobreva Iliyana , Burson Byron , Hays Dirk , Tabien Rodante , Jessup Russell
Published: December 2019

The application of biochar amendments to soil has been proposed as a strategy for mitigating global carbon (C) emissions and soil organic carbon (SOC) loss. Biochar can provide additional agronomic benefits to cropping systems, including improved crop yield, soil water holding capacity, seed germination, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and soil pH. To maximize the beneficial effects of biochar amendments towards the inventory, increase, and management of SOC pools, nondestructive analytical methods such as ground penetrating radar (GPR) are needed to identify and quantify belowground C. The use of GPR has been well characterized across geological, archaeological, engineering, and military applications. While GPR has been predominantly utilized to detect relatively large objects such as rocks, tree roots, land mines, and peat soils, the objective of this study was to quantify comparatively smaller, particulate sources of SOC. This research used three materials as C sources: biochar, graphite, and activated C. The C sources were mixed with sand—12 treatments in total—and scanned under three moisture levels: 0%, 10%, and 20% to simulate different soil conditions. GPR attribute analyses and Naïve Bayes predictive models were utilized in lieu of visualization methods because of the minute size of the C particles. Significant correlations between GPR attributes and both C content and moisture levels were detected. The accuracy of two predictive models using a Naïve Bayes classifier for C content was trivial but the accuracy for C structure was 56%. The analyses confirmed the ability of GPR to identify differences in both C content and C structure. Beneficial future applications could focus on applying GPR across more diverse soil conditions.
Effect of Catadioptric Component Postposition on Lens Focal Length and Imaging Surface in a Mirror Binocular System
Authors: Zhou Fuqiang , Chen Yuanze , Zhou Mingxuan , Li Xiaosong
Published: December 2019

The binocular vision system is widely used in three-dimensional measurement, drone navigation, and many other fields. However, due to the high cost, large volume, and inconvenient operation of the two-camera system, it is difficult to meet the weight and load requirements of the UAV system. Therefore, the study of mirror binocular with single camera was carried out. Existing mirror binocular systems place the catadioptric components in front of the lens, which makes the volume of measurement system still large. In this paper, a catadioptric postposition system is designed, which places the prism behind the lens to achieve mirror binocular imaging. The influence of the post prism on the focal length and imaging surface of the optical system is analyzed. The feasibility of post-mirror binocular imaging are verified by experiments, and it is reasonable to compensate the focal length change by changing the back focal plane position. This research laid the foundation for the subsequent research on the 3D reconstruction of the novel mirror binocular system.
Robust Cylindrical Panorama Stitching for Low-Texture Scenes Based on Image Alignment Using Deep Learning and Iterative Optimization
Authors: Kang Lai , Wei Yingmei , Jiang Jie , Xie Yuxiang
Published: December 2019

Cylindrical panorama stitching is able to generate high resolution images of a scene with a wide field-of-view (FOV), making it a useful scene representation for applications like environmental sensing and robot localization. Traditional image stitching methods based on hand-crafted features are effective for constructing a cylindrical panorama from a sequence of images in the case when there are sufficient reliable features in the scene. However, these methods are unable to handle low-texture environments where no reliable feature correspondence can be established. This paper proposes a novel two-step image alignment method based on deep learning and iterative optimization to address the above issue. In particular, a light-weight end-to-end trainable convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture called ShiftNet is proposed to estimate the initial shifts between images, which is further optimized in a sub-pixel refinement procedure based on a specified camera motion model. Extensive experiments on a synthetic dataset, rendered photo-realistic images, and real images were carried out to evaluate the performance of our proposed method. Both qualitative and quantitative experimental results demonstrate that cylindrical panorama stitching based on our proposed image alignment method leads to significant improvements over traditional feature based methods and recent deep learning based methods for challenging low-texture environments.
Study on Sharing Characteristics and Sustainable Development Performance: Mediating Role of the Ecosystem Strategy
Authors: Chen Dezhi , You Ningning , Lv Feng
Published: December 2019

How the sharing economy can move toward sustainable development is an important research topic. This paper attempts to explore the mediating effect of ecosystem strategy on the relationship between sharing characteristics and sustainable development performance by applying the structural equation model and questionnaire survey of 90 sharing-economy enterprises. The research results show that the ecosystem strategy plays a complete mediating role in the relationship between sharing characteristics and environmental performance, a partial mediating role in the relationship between sharing characteristics and social performance, and an insignificant mediating role in the relationship between sharing characteristics and economic performance. The research results provide new knowledge for research on the sustainable development of the sharing economy, which are of certain reference value for the sustainable development of sharing-economy enterprises, and government’s support to and supervision of the sharing economy.
Exploring Critical Variables That Affect the Policy Risk Level of Industrial Heritage Projects in China
Authors: Guo Ping , Li Huimin , Zhang Guangmin , Zhang Yang
Published: December 2019

With the rapid development of the transformation and urbanization of Chinese social structures, more and more industrial heritage renewal projects are emerging. However, there are significant policy risks associated with Chinese industrial heritage renewal projects. Through a literature review, a total of 20 policy risk factors were determined, and a total of 10 industrial heritage renewal project managers in six regions nationwide conducted a pilot study. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect 398 evaluations of these 20 risk factors from relevant professionals. Secondly, through confirmatory factor analysis, a six-part policy risk assessment model was established. The results indicated that the critical variables that affect the policy risk level were: (1) industry maturity, (2) tax policy, (3) financial freedom, (4) the rule of law, (5) local market size, and (6) local market experience. Moreover, there are significant opportunities and policy risks in Chinese industrial heritage renewal projects, and appropriate strategies can capture these opportunities and mitigate risks. As there are few pieces of research on the policy risks of industrial heritage renewal projects in China, this study has a certain reference significance for the policy risk management of industrial heritage renewal projects in China.
Deciphering the Manufacturing Production Space in Global City-Regions of Developing Countries—a Case of Pearl River Delta, China
Authors: Liu Bo , Xue Desheng , Tan Yiming
Published: December 2019

In the context of economic globalization, the manufacturing production space in the global city-regions of developing countries have presented significant spatial characteristics, attracting attention to the problems of intensive and sustainable development of production space. Taking global city-region in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) as an example, manufacturing production space based on remote sensing (RS) technology and point of interest (POI) data extraction was more precise and continuous, which had more advantages for further analysis of spatial characteristics and influencing factors in multi-scale, and precise policy recommendations. The results show that: (1) under different scales, the distribution characteristics of manufacturing production space and the agglomeration characteristics of spatial form are different. It is not simply extensive agglomeration or diffusion that can accurately explain its diversified spatial characteristics. Meanwhile, for the local manufacturing production space optimization control, the local government should apply advanced experience according to local conditions instead of simply and roughly promotion or containment. (2) Influencing factors show a strong positive correlation with the urbanization rate, the number of foreign direct investment (FDI) enterprises and gross industrial production, and which shows a weak negative correlation with fixed asset investment and the employment population. In conclusion, the spatial characteristics of manufacturing production space in global city-regions in developing countries is significantly different from that in Western countries, and its influencing factors have similarities and differences. Therefore, when conducting multi-scale space optimization and sustainable regulation, the government should consider more about the actual multi-scale spatial characteristics of manufacturing production space and its influencing factors instead of copy the Western experience.
Proposed Green Development Reporting Framework for Enterprises from a Life-Cycle Perspective and a Case Study in China
Authors: Ding Ning , Ruan Xinhui , Yang Jianxin
Published: December 2019

Green development is becoming prioritized in industrial settings and manufacturing. Under the current trend of green development, the status of the green development of enterprises is not clear. Evaluation indicators of green development are required, especially given that China has issued many green development policies, as well as special funding support. Reporting is an important tool to foster communication among governments, the public, enterprises, and stakeholders, as well as to assess advances in, and provide guidance, toward realizing green development. The purpose of the present study was to establish a green development report framework and green development indicators for enterprises, with an application to a case study of a textile company in China. The green development reporting framework was based on a life-cycle assessment method, which is an index system constructed to combine quantitative and qualitative indicators, process control and outcome-oriented indicators within the scope of both life-cycle and factory boundaries. This index system included definitions and calculations methods of environmental and resource indicators that can comprehensively reflect green development. By using empirical data from 2017 in the case study, the framework and indicators were further described, and the effects of relevant terms were noted. The green development reporting framework and case study herein can help enterprises understand the concept of green development, self-inspection, self-comparison, communicate advancements, and ultimately improve their level of green development.
Impacts of Reducing UK Beef Consumption Using a Revised Sustainable Diets Framework
Authors: Chalmers Neil , Stetkiewicz Stacia , Sudhakar Padhmanand , Osei-Kwasi Hibbah , Reynolds Christian J
Published: December 2019

The impact of beef consumption on sustainability is a complex and evolving area, as sustainability covers many areas from human nutrient adequacy to ecosystem stability. Three sustainability assessment frameworks have been created to help policy makers unpack the complexities of sustainable food systems and healthy sustainable dietary change. However, none of these frameworks have yet to be applied to a case study or individual policy issue. This paper uses a hybrid version of the sustainability assessment frameworks to investigate the impact of reducing beef consumption (with a concurrent increase in consumption of plant-based foods, with a focus on legumes) on sustainability at a UK level. The aim of this paper is to understand the applicability of these overarching frameworks at the scale of an individual policy. Such an assessment is important, as this application of previously high-level frameworks to individual policies makes it possible to summarise, at a glance, the various co-benefits and trade-offs associated with a given policy, which may be of particular value in terms of stakeholder decision-making. We find that many of the proposed metrics found within the sustainability assessment frameworks are difficult to implement at an individual issue level; however, overall they show that a reduction in beef consumption and an increase in consumption of general plant-based foods, with a focus around legumes production, would be expected to be strongly beneficial in five of the eight overarching measures which were assessed.
An Evidential Prospect Theory Framework in Hesitant Fuzzy Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making
Authors: Xing Huahua , Song Lei , Yang Zongxiao
Published: December 2019

In numerous real decision-making problems, decision-makers (DMs) encounter situations involving hesitant and probabilistic information simultaneously, and DMs show behavior characteristics of nonrational preferences when they encounter decision-making situations with uncertain information. To address such multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) issues with hesitant and probabilistic information and nonrational preferences, a novel method, called the evidential prospect theory framework, is developed herein based on evidence theory and prospect theory, where the associated coefficients in prospect theory are given on the basis of symmetry principles (i.e., the associated coefficients are common knowledge to DMs). Within the proposed method, belief structures derived from evidence theory apply to the experts’ uncertainty about the subjective assessment of criteria for different alternatives. Then, by combining belief structures, the weighted average method is applied to estimate the final aggregated weighting factors of different alternatives. Furthermore, considering the nonrational preferences of DMs, the expected prospect values of different alternatives are derived from the final aggregated weighting factors and prospect theory, which is applied to the ranking order of all alternatives. Finally, a case involving a parabolic trough concentrating solar power plant (PTCSPP) is shown to illustrate the application of the novel method proposed in this paper. The evidential prospect theory framework proposed in this paper is effective and practicable, and can be applied to (green) supplier evaluation.
Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Klebsiella pneumoniae N4-like Bacteriophage KP8
Authors: Morozova Vera , Babkin Igor , Kozlova Yuliya , Baykov Ivan , Bokovaya Olga , Tikunov Artem , Ushakova Tatyana , Bardasheva Alevtina , Ryabchikova Elena , Zelentsova Ekaterina , Tikunova Nina
Published: December 2019

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common pathogen, associated with a wide spectrum of infections, and clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae often possess multiple antibiotic resistances. Here, we describe a novel lytic N4-like bacteriophage KP8, specific to K. pneumoniae, including its genome, partial structural proteome, biological properties, and proposed taxonomy. Electron microscopy revealed that KP8 belongs to the Podoviridae family. The size of the KP8 genome was 73,679 bp, and it comprised 97 putative open reading frames. Comparative genome analysis revealed that the KP8 genome possessed the highest similarity to the genomes of Enquatrovirus and Gamaleyavirus phages, which are N4-like podoviruses. In addition, the KP8 genome showed gene synteny typical of the N4-like podoviruses and contained the gene encoding a large virion-encapsulated RNA polymerase. Phylogenetic analysis of the KP8 genome revealed that the KP8 genome formed a distinct branch within the clade, which included the members of Enquatrovirus and Gamaleyavirus genera besides KP8. The average evolutionary divergences KP8/Enquatrovirus and KP8/Gamaleyavirus were 0.466 and 0.447 substitutions per site (substitutes/site), respectively, similar to that between Enquatrovirus and Gamaleyavirus genera (0.468 substitutes/site). The obtained data suggested that Klebsiella phage KP8 differs from other similar phages and may represent a new genus within the N4-like phages.
Ebola Virus Uptake into Polarized Cells from the Apical Surface
Authors: Hu Meng , Wang Fei , Li Wei , Zhang Xiaowei , Zhang Zhiping , Zhang Xian-En , Cui Zongqiang
Published: December 2019

Ebola virus (EBOV) causes severe hemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates. EBOV can infect many types of cells. During severe EBOV infection, polarized epithelial and endothelial cells are damaged, which promotes vascular instability and dysregulation. However, the mechanism causing these symptoms is largely unknown. Here, we studied virus infection in polarized Vero C1008 cells grown on semipermeable Transwell by using EGFP-labeled Ebola virus-like particles (VLPs). Our results showed that Ebola VLPs preferred to enter polarized Vero cells from the apical cell surface. Furthermore, we showed that the EBOV receptors TIM-1 and Axl were distributed apically, which could be responsible for mediating efficient apical viral entry. Macropinocytosis and intracellular receptor Niemann–Pick type C1 (NPC1) had no polarized distribution, although they played roles in virus entry. This study provides a new view of EBOV uptake and cell polarization, which facilitates a further understanding of EBOV infection and pathogenesis.
North German Lowland Lakes Miss Ecological Water Quality Standards—A Lake Type Specific Analysis
Authors: Rücker Jacqueline , Nixdorf Brigitte , Quiel Katrin , Grüneberg Björn
Published: December 2019

Despite great efforts in point source reductions due to improved wastewater treatment since 1990, more than 70% of the lakes in Germany have not yet achieved the “good ecological status” according to the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). To elicit lake type-specific causes of this failure, we firstly analyzed the ecological status of 183 lakes in NE Germany (Federal State of Brandenburg), as reported to the European Commission in 2015. Secondly, long-term data of two typical lakes (a very shallow polymictic lake with a large and a deep stratified lake with a small catchment area in relation to lake volume) and nutrient load from the common catchment were investigated. About 64%–83% of stratified and even 96% of polymictic shallow lakes in Brandenburg currently fail the WFD aims. Excessive nutrient emissions from agriculture were identified as the main cause of this failure. While stratified deep lakes with small catchments have the best chances of recovery, the deficits in catchment management are amplified downstream in lake chains, so that especially shallow lakes in a large catchment are unlikely to reach good ecological conditions. If the objectives of the WFD are not questioned, agricultural practices and approaches in land use have to be fundamentally improved.
Umgestaltung und Übergänge. Beobachtungen zu des Anfänge des reformatorischen Gottesdienstes
Authors: Bräuer Siegfried
Published: December 2019

Research on the sixteenth century has neglected the practical organisation of worship in the beginning of the Reformation, and has concentrated on the new Church Orders. This paper intends to fill this gap and demonstrates how much the Reformers proved flexible towards traditional rites and liturgies.
Luther et le livre
Authors: Hartweg Frédéric
Published: December 2019

Même s’il lui arrive de s’emporter contre la multiplication incontrôlée de la production imprimée et contre les imprimeurs qui défigurent ses textes, Luther voit dans l’innovation de Gutenberg essentiellement un ultime don de la grâce divine, destiné à favoriser la diffusion de l’Évangile. Pour le Réformateur, qui se singularise par une grande attention pour la production matérielle de ses textes, l’imprimerie s’inscrit dans le plan général de la Providence, dans la perspective de la lutte entre le Christ et Satan et dans celle de l’histoire du Salut de l’homme.
De Luther à Leuenberg
Authors: Birmelé André
Published: December 2019

Marc Lienhard a été le rédacteur luthérien de la Concorde de Leuenberg, l’accord qui, en 1973, a permis la déclaration de communion ecclésiale entre les Églises européennes issues des traditions luthériennes et réformées. Le présent article montre que la Concorde reprend des démarches fondamentales de la tradition luthérienne, avant tout dans le domaine ecclésiologique et par la mise en avant d’un principe herméneutique qui détermine l’ensemble.
Réflexions à propos de la séparation des Églises et de l’État
Authors: Damien André
Published: December 2019

La loi de 1905 est l’aboutissement d’une longue lutte entre la République et l’Église catholique. Mais les républicains ont longtemps hésité avant de renoncer au Concordat de 1801, qui permettait un contrôle des cultes. Émile Combes ne se résout à la Séparation qu’en septembre 1904. Mais c’est l’habile Aristide Briand qui en tire tout le bénéfice politique, car il a compris la nécessité de faire voter une loi acceptable par les catholiques. L’apaisement n’a lieu que dans les années vingt, mais il permet aujourd’hui à la loi de 1905 de servir de référence solide à la laïcité française.
À propos de la Loi du 9 décembre 1905 concernant la séparation des Églises et de l’État
Authors: Groshens Jean-Claude
Published: December 2019

Perçue comme charte du fait religieux et clé de voûte de la laïcité, la loi de 1905 qui assure la liberté de conscience et garantit le libre exercice de tous les cultes avait pour objet principal la désétatisation des cultes jusqu’alors «reconnus » . Il fallut du temps pour que ceux-ci apprennent à utiliser toutes les ressources auxquelles leur renvoi dans la société civile leur donnait accès. Quant aux pouvoirs publics, ils ont hésité sur la ligne à suivre devant l’émergence de formes nouvelles de religiosité et l’irruption de l’Islam dans la société française. Cette loi est un élément parmi d’autres d’un équilibre complexe.
L’Enfer selon l’Évangile de Nicodème
Authors: Gounelle Rémi
Published: December 2019

Bien que souvent invoquées dans des travaux sur l’au-delà chrétien, les représentations du monde infernal véhiculées par l’Évangile de Nicodème n’ont pour ainsi dire jamais encore été analysées. Le présent article vise à combler partiellement cette lacune en étudiant la représentation du monde infernal véhiculée par la recension latine A (VI-VIIe s.). Le rapport que ce récit entretient avec les représentations païennes et bibliques du monde infernal et la relecture allégorique qu’il propose de la descente du Christ aux enfers en font un document singulier, dont l’originalité doit être soulignée.
Révélation et méthode historique chez Ibn Isḥaq
Authors: Dean Jason Richard
Published: December 2019

Les études consacrées depuis un siècle et demi à la Sîra ont souvent conduit à une dévaluation de la valeur historique reconnue à cette source. Le discrédit qui frappe la tradition textuelle qui se rattache au nom d’Ibn Isḥâq (mort vers 151h/ 768m) s’accompagne d’une affirmation du Coran comme seul document permettant d’accéder à l’islam des origines. Or, si le Coran renvoie fréquemment à son contexte premier d’énonciation, il n’a pas pour objet de relater ces événements. En examinant le traitement qu’Ibn Isḥâq a réservé aux données scripturaires de la période médinoise, on découvre qu’il a mis en oeuvre une méthode d’enquête historique dont les résultats modifient la notion coranique de révélation.
La correspondance entre Albert Schweitzer et Hélène Bresslau (1901-1905). À propos d’une édition récente
Authors: Arnold Matthieu
Published: December 2019

La correspondance entre Albert Schweitzer et Hélène Bresslau (1901-1905) apporte des renseignements inédits sur l’oeuvre littéraire et le projet humanitaire du théologien ; elle met aussi en lumière la personnalité remarquable de sa future épouse.
Le projet pédagogique de Jean Sturm (1507-1589) : originalité et actualité
Authors: Arnold Matthieu
Published: December 2019

En mars 1538, Jean Sturm publia le De literarum ludis recte aperiendis liber, traité destiné à justifier la création, à Strasbourg, d’un établissement scolaire unique. La comparaison avec des écrits pédagogiques du premier tiers du XVIe siècle (ils ont pour auteurs Érasme, Mélanchthon, Budé, Wimpheling et Brunfels) montre l’originalité du projet de Sturm, qui allie le programme très précis d’un enseignement gradué à des considérations pédagogiques de fond. Repris dans les Classicae epistolae (1565), ce programme présente maints traits qui restent très actuels.
Pèlerinages et Réforme protestante
Authors: Carbonnier-Burkard Marianne
Published: December 2019

Face à la pratique chrétienne massive du pèlerinage – au loin ou vers des sanctuaires locaux –, les réformateurs du XVIe siècle, Luther en tête, ont opposé un rejet très net, en développant tout un répertoire d’arguments critiques. Ces critiques théologiques – visant plus largement les pratiques des reliques – ont accompagné et stimulé un changement des représentations de l’homme et du sacré dans de larges secteurs socioculturels du monde moderne, fixant ainsi une durable frontière confessionnelle.
Gençlik ve Spor Merkezinde Düzenlenen Kurslara Katılan Gençlerin Fair-Play Davranışlarının Bazı Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: YILDIRIM Nedim Burak , GÖRAL Kemal
Published: December 2019

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, gençlik ve spor merkezlerinde
çeşitli branşlarda düzenlenen kurslara katılan bireylerin fair-play
davranışlarının çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesidir.

Materyal
ve Metod: Araştırmada genel tarama modeli kullanılmış ve çalışmaya
Samsun ilinde gençlik ve spor merkezlerinde açılan kurslara katılan 137 kadın
ve 313 erkek olmak üzere toplam 450 kişi katılmıştır. Katılımcıların yaş
ortalaması 19.38±1.59 olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan bireylerin
fair-play davranışlarını tespit etmek için Mirzeoğlu (2015) tarafından Türkçeye
uyarlanan Beden Eğitimi Fair-Play ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında
toplanan veriler SPSS 18.00 paket programında kayıt altına alınmıştır. Ölçeğin
katılımcı gruba uygunluğunu test etmek için AMOS programında doğrulayıcı faktör
analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmada
elde edilen bulgulara göre, kadınların haksız kazanma ve hile boyutlarındaki
değerleri erkeklerden daha yüksek çıkarken, fair-play davranışlarının branşlara
göre farklılaşmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Katılımcıların öğrenim durumlarının,
arkadaşa saygı boyutu dışında, fair-play davranışını değiştirmediği
belirlenmiştir.

Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, Gençlik ve spor merkezlerinde açılan kurslara
katılan bireylerin fair-play davranışlarının toplam değerinin cinsiyetlere göre
değişmediği, bireylerin anne ve baba eğitim durumlarının fair-play davranışında
kısmen farklılıklar oluşturduğu, aylık gelirin ise fair-play davranışlarında
farklılık oluşturmadığı görülmüştür.
Experiencias de niñez en la pobreza. Una cartografía de cuidados
Authors: Hernández María Celeste
Published: December 2019

A partir de un análisis etnográfico de la espacialidad de niñas y niños que viven en condiciones de pobreza en un barrio periférico de La Plata, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, este artículo construye una cartografía de cuidados. Se trata de una representación que muestra la geografía barrial desde los modos concretos en que se organiza el cuidado infantil, al tiempo que permite reflexionar sobre las múltiples prácticas, actores y sentidos que, al cuidar, modelan las experiencias de niñez. Trazada desde posiciones desfavorecidas en la relación de desigualdad social, esta cartografía permite ahondar en las específicas maneras en que sociedad y Estado se atraviesan en el cuidado, así como visibilizar la participación de niñas y niños en un entramado donde ellas y ellos también cuidan.
Controvérsias em torno do “melhor interesse da criança” indígena no Brasil
Authors: Do Nascimento Silvana Jesus
Published: December 2019

Desde o final de 2017, participei no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, de um grupo da sociedade civil que se organizou para apoiar Élida de Oliveira que reivindica o direito de conviver com o filho kaiowá que se encontra em uma instituição de acolhimento no município de Dourados desde 2015. Para elucidar o que vem sendo denunciado pela imprensa como “retirada” de crianças indígenas de suas famílias, apresento um caso onde suspeitas sobre a maternidade biológica, de uma mãe que não se submeteu aos procedimentos públicos de saúde, é usado como um dos motivos para a retirada das crianças por autoridades do Sistema de Proteção. A partir da mobilização política em torno do caso chamo a atenção para a participação heterogênea dos índios Guarani e Kaiowá em torno deste debate considerando o contexto histórico e social que se encontram. O melhor interesse da criança guarani e kaiowá assume em meio as múltiplas performances dos índios uma feição bem menos individual do que supõe a Rede de Proteção Social.
СОЦІАЛЬНИЙ ЗАХИСТ НАСЕЛЕННЯ В УМОВАХ РЕФОРМУВАННЯ МІСЦЕВОГО САМОВРЯДУВАННЯ
Authors: Shevchenko Natalia , Nosulko B.V.
Published: December 2019

У статті розглянуто сутність та значення соціального захисту сільського населення в умовах реформування місцевого самоврядування. З’ясовано його місце в політиці соціальної держави. Проблемне поле окреслено тим що на сьогоднішній день реформована система місцевого самоврядування в Україні не повністю може задовольнити потреби сільського населення. Діяльність органів місцевої влади у деяких територіальних громадах не є достатньою для підтримки та забезпечення сприятливих життєвих умов всебічного розвитку суспільства.
Визначено, що питання щодо здійснення соціального захисту населення набувають особливої актуальності у складних умовах децентралізації, адже соціальний захист – це засіб збереження стабільності та злагоди в суспільстві. Також наголошено що важливим вектором реформ виступає модернізація соціального захисту населення. Тому виникає необхідність пошуку шляхів удосконалення цієї сфери, тому саме в умовах децентралізації ключова роль в управлінні територіальних громад належить місцевим органам влади. Вони координують діяльність усіх господарських структур, беруть участь у розробці та реалізації соціальних проектів, вирішують питання розподілу коштів. Проаналізовано діяльність органів місцевого самоврядування щодо організації надання соціальних послуг на рівні територіальної громади. В результаті проведених досліджень обґрунтовано необхідність удосконалення міжбюджетних відносин щодо збільшення повноважень місцевих органів влади під час розрахунку потреби у фінансових ресурсах для соціального захисту населення.
Changes in the mobility of obese people under the influence of a physical therapy program
Authors: Aravitska M. G.
Published: December 2019

Objective: to determine the effectiveness of a physical therapy program for patients with obesity by the indicators of Functional Movement Screen test exercises.
Materials and methods. A total of 114 people of the second adulthood with alimentary-constitutional obesity of the I-III degrees were examined. They were divided according to the level of compliance into two groups. The comparison group consisted of individuals with a low level of compliance; they did not go through a rehabilitation program, but were informed about the risks of obesity; acquainted with the basic principles of hypocaloric nutrition and physical activity. The main group consisted of individuals with a high level of compliance; they underwent a developed program for correcting body weight using measures to maintain a high level of compliance, nutrition modification, increased physical activity, lymphatic drainage procedures, and elements of behavioral psychocorrection. The control group consisted of 60 people with no signs of obesity. A survey of the test exercises Functional Movement Screen was conducted in dynamics before and after the one-year period of implementation of the rehabilitation program.
Results. During the initial examination in obese patients, all the obtained parameters of the Functional Movement Screen exercises were statistically significantly worse than in individuals with normal body weight (p <0.05). Re-examination of patients with low compliance showed that no statistically significant positive changes occurred in any test test (p> 0.05). When analyzing the results of test exercises of patients with a high level of compliance under the influence of a physical therapy program, a statistically significant improvement was achieved in all studied parameters relative to the initial level (p <0.05).
Conclusions: Diagnostics of mobility based on test exercises Functional Movement Screen in physical therapy programs for obese patients is a modern, simple and affordable method of rehabilitation examination. To achieve the target level of the control group for the studied parameters by patients of II-III degree of obesity, the rehabilitation program should be long for one year.
System of control in the organization of pulmonary rehabilitation of persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Tymruk-Skoropad K.A. , Pavlova Iu.O. , Mazepa M.A.
Published: December 2019

The aim: to substantiate the structural components of the control system aimed at improving the physical therapist’s work during pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) of COPD persons.
Materials and methods. Analysis and generalization of the data of the special scientific and methodological literature on the issues of physical therapy of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; method of analysis of medical records; elaboration of Internet sources, including databases of evidence based medical literature.
Results. The control system, which is reasonable to be implemented at three stages (preliminary, current, final) of the process of physical therapy (PT) and PR of patients with COPD, is substantiated.
The control system within the competence of the physical therapist provides for rehabilitation examination (preliminary control), monitoring (current control) and final evaluation of certain indicators. There were 5 groups of main indicators: quality of life/ activity and participation, disease course, body functions, body structures, educational competence. For the selected groups of indicators, the selection of measuring instruments was made, the features of their application at different stages were outlined, the values of the minimum clinically significant difference for the selected indicators were given.
Conclusions. The process of pulmonary rehabilitation of people with COPD needs to be evaluated and monitored for its effectiveness in accordance with the expected results.
The monitoring system allows to track all changes in the patient's health and functioning, regulate the intervention and its intensity, evaluate both the individual physical therapy session and the effectiveness of the entire program.
One of the criteria of the control system is the effectiveness of PT and PR, which is evaluated on the basis of the dynamics and direction of changes of the studied indicators, their compliance with the expected result and taking into account the values of the minimal clinically significant difference for the evaluated indicators.