bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spectrum of Thyroid Dysfunctions in Metabolic Syndrome in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Kumar Darshan , Nawaz Zunaira , Zahid Rabiah , Kashif Syed Muhmmad , Majeed Ammara Abdul , Qadeer Rashid
Published: September 2022

Aim: To determine the frequency and spectrum of thyroid dysfunction in patients with metabolic syndrome. Study design: Observational and descriptive study Place and duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Dr. Ruth Kum Pafu Civil Hospital Karachi from 1st January 2020 to 31st December 2020. Methodology: Four hundred and sixty eight patients were enrolled. Every patient was thoroughly examined and anthropometric measurement done (height, weight, waist circumference) and body mass index was calculated. Fasting blood samples were collected to measure fasting blood glucose, lipid profile and thyroid profile (Thyroid stimulating hormone, Free T4 and Free T3). Results: There were 186 (39.65%) males and 282 (60.34%) females. Patients aged between 30 to 69 years mean age was 48 years, mean BMI was 30.07. Thyroid profile including TSH, FT3, FT4 were normal in 246 (52.58%) patients, hyperthyroidism in 48 (10.34%) patients, subclinical hypothyroidism in 105 (22.41 %) and hypothyroidism in 69 (14.65%) patients. Results suggest positive correlation between BMI, TG, and thyroid profile while negative correlation between HDL cholesterol and thyroid profile. Conclusion: The positive correlation between thyroid dysfunction and metabolic syndrome. So it is suggested that patients with metabolic syndrome may require a thyroid profile which results in early detection of disease and timely treatment. Keywords: Thyroid dysfunction, Body mass index, Metabolic syndrome, Hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism
Single Port Laparoscopic (SPL) Inguinal Hernia Repair in Girls
Authors: Riaz-Ul-Haq Muhammad , Rehman Shafiq-Ur- , Makki Yasir , Anwar Muhammad
Published: September 2022

Background: Inguinal hernia in children is a very common surgical condition. Various techniques are being done for hernia repair in children. Single port needlescopic assisted hernia repair in girls is a time honoured technique with minimum complications and excellent Aim: To determine the outcome of single port needle assisted hernia repair in girls. Study design: Descriptive case series Place and duration of study: Department of Paediatric Surgery Sahiwal Teaching Hospital and Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal between March 2021 and February 2022. Methodology: Twenty eight female patients from 3-13 years old with inguinal hernia underwent single port needlescopic assisted hernia repair. Follow up was done for three months to evaluate outcome with respect to recurrence, stitch abscess and cosmetic appearance. Results: Maximum patients between 7-10 years 12(42.85%). Fifty percent were right sided inguinal hernias. Four (14.28%) girls were developed complications. Two (7.14%) developed retroperitoneal intraoperative hematoma, 1(3.57%) stitch abscess and 1(3.57%) recurrence respectively. One patient with intraoperative hematoma was converted to open herniotomy. Stitch abscess was managed conservatively and recurrent hernia was repaired by open herniotomy. Conclusion: Single port laparoscopic needlescopic assisted hernia repair in girls is a simple and safe procedure with minimum complications and excellent cosmetic results. Keywords: Hernia, Inguinal, Girls, Single port, Needlescopic
Effectiveness of Prophylactic Ephedrine vs Fluid Preload in Prevention of Hypotension in Spinal Anesthesia for C-Section
Authors: Ali Muhammad Saadat , Shaheen Raheela , Fareed Zainab , Mir Muhammad Azeem , Qureshi Zulqarnain , Malik Jawad Ahmad
Published: September 2022

Background: Hypotension following spinal block can be reduced or minimized prophylactically left lateral uterine displacement, volume loading with crystalloid solutions, phenylephrine infusion or ephedrine administration. Fluid pre loading does not negate the hypotension entirely but decreases the risk. This however is time consuming and vasopressors are often required to correct associated hypotension. Prophylactic ephedrine administration lowers the risk of hypotension at the expense of reactive hypertension if spinal block fails and subsequent conversion to general anesthesia. Aim: To compare the efficacy of prophylactic use of ephedrine versus fluid (Hartmann’s solution) preload in women undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia at a teaching hospital. Study design: Randomized controlled trial. Place and duration of study: Department of Anesthesiology, Nishtar Hospital Multan, from 1st March 2020 to 30th September 2020. Methodology: A total of 100 women, twenty to forty years of age undergoing cesarean section were included. Patients with known hypertension, eclampsia, bleeding diathesis, injection site infection, deformity of spinal column or patients having valvular heart diseases were excluded. Group A women were given prophylactic ephedrine while Group B were given fluid (Hartmann’s solution) preload. After induction of spinal anesthesia continuous blood pressure monitoring was done for fifteen minutes to diagnose hypotension. Hypotension was noted and recorded by the researcher. Results: The mean age of women in group A was 28.04±6.07 years and in group B was 28.26±6.13 years. Majority of the patients, 56, were between twenty to thirty years of age. The mean BMI in group A was 29.06±3.37kg/m2 and in group B was 29.38±3.50 kg/m2. Efficacy of prophylactic use of ephedrine to prevent hypotension was observed in 37(74%) patients and in 25(50%) patients in fluid preload group undergoing cesarean sections under spinal anesthesia. Conclusion: The frequency of hypotension is lower in parturient undergoing spinal anesthesia with prophylactic use of ephedrine as compared to women having fluid (Hartmann’s solution) preload. Keywords: Spinal anesthesia, Hypotension, Ephedrine
Pre-donation Deferral Pattern of Allogeneic Blood Donors: An Analysis from a Developing Country
Authors: Sultan Sadia , Jaffri Samar Abbas , Irfan Syed Mohammed , Nadeem Sheeza , Baig Mohammad Amjad
Published: September 2022

Background: Pre-donation donor screening is a crucial step in ensuring the safety of both blood donors and recipients. Donors who do not meet predetermined criteria are temporarily or permanently deferred. Aim: To assess the patterns and prevalence of deferrals at our institution. Study design: Prospective study Place and duration of study: Karachi Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2015. Methodology: Thirty six thousand, nine hundred and fifty four potential donors presented themselves, 33853 were selected and 3101 were excluded. Blood donors' demographic information was stored in the blood bank's database, and secondary measures such as the type of deferral (permanent/temporary) and reasons for deferral (donor or patient safety) were evaluated. Results: The majority 2663(7.20%) of donors were deferred due to complete blood count, followed by medical history 264(0.71%) and examination findings 174(0.47%). The majority of donors (96%) were temporarily deferred, while only 3.9% were permanently deferred. Low haemoglobin counts were the most frequent cause of treatment delays (78.8%), followed by hypertension (3.64%) and a history of medication usage (1.32%). Donor safety accounted for the majority of donor rejections (91.5%), while recipient safety accounted for 8.41%. Conclusion: The majority of donors were deferred due to abnormality in the profile of blood count mainly low hemoglobin level. The low hemoglobin counts were the most frequent cause of treatment delays, followed by hypertension and a history of medication usage. Only small numbers of donors were permanently deferred. Keywords: Blood donor, Deferral, Permanent, Temporary
Correlation between Mandibular 2nd Molar Calcification Stages and CVMI among Southern Punjab Population
Authors: Asim Umal , Awaisi Zubair Hassan , Ahmed Zubair
Published: September 2022

Aim: To find out whether a correlation exists among the CVMI and dental calcification stages. Study design: Case-control study Place and duration of study: Department of Orthodontics, Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan from 1st October 2020 to 30th April 2021 Methodology: One hundred and fifty orthopantomograms and lateral cephalograms patients were incorporated. The dental maturity was evaluated using8 stages of Demirjian index from stage A to H. This index is graded by determining the calcification stages of the left mandibular second molar tooth on an orthopantomogram. The CVM stages based on the morphology of 2nd, 3rd and 4th cervical vertebral bones on a lateral cephalogram, discern the skeletal maturity. This included 6 stages from stage 1 to 6, based on the depth of concavity and shapes of the vertebrae. Results: The results showed a significant correlation amongst the dental calcification stages and CVMI, having a Pearson’s correlation coefficient ‘r’ of 0.741. A gender dimorphism was observed with males showing more progressive dental calcification stages in the CVM stages 2 and 3 as compared to their female counterparts. The dental calcification stage ‘D’ correlates with CVM stage 1 which occurs approximately 2 years prior to adolescent growth spurt. CVM stage 3 i.e. peak of adolescent growth spurt conforms to dental calcification stage ‘F’ in females and stage ‘G’ in males. The dental calcification stage ‘H’ correlated with CVM stages 5 and 6 which indicate the cessation of growth. Conclusion: The lower second molar tooth calcification stages are a valid measure of skeletal age and can be effectively utilized to estimate patient’s age in orthodontic practice. Keywords: Cervical vertebral maturation, Dental calcification, Mandibular 2nd molar, Skeletal maturity
Association of Chest X- ray findings with SARS-CoV-2 severity
Authors: Sidhwani Santosh Kumar , Raza Syed Ali , Zaina Fatima , Abbas Ali , Shaikh Omer Ahmed , Manan Sadia
Published: September 2022

Background: The COVID-19 first surfaced when cluster of pneumonia patients arose in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Although the current gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis is reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), chest x-ray (CXR) and computed tomography (CT) play a vital role in sickness diagnosis due to their limited sensitivity and availability. Aim: To evaluate retrospectively the role of CXR, the main radiological findings in it and its diagnostic accuracy in COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods: This is a cross sectional study involving 264 PCR positive COVID-19 patients with their clinical–epidemiological findings admitted at Ziauddin Hospital from May-July 2020. CXRs were taken as digital radiographs in our emergency department's isolation wards using the same portable X-ray device, according to local norms. CXRs were taken in two directions: antero-posterior (AP) and postero-anterior (PA). The hospitals' database had all of the images. To determine the number of radiological findings, multiple radiologists on duty completed an independent and retrospective examination of each CXR. In the event of disagreement, a mutual agreement was reached. SPSS version 20 was used for statistical analysis. Results: We were able to find 264 patients who met our criteria. With a mean age of 56.4214.89, the majority of individuals were determined to be males 189(71.6%) and females 75(28.4%). (Range of 16 to 87 years). 127 patients (48.1%) had severe illness symptoms and were admitted to the ICU, while the remaining 102(38.6%) had mild to moderate disease 35(13.3%). Diffuse (29.2%) and middle and lower co-existing distribution (25.8%) whereas just lower lobe (13.3%) were the most common predominance in severity. Peripheral involvement was also seen in (8.7%) cases. Conclusion: Both lungs are equally affected with the disease having the consolidation and opacifications while the effusion is the major complication in the severe cases. Diffuse involvement of the lung lobes is seen in the study followed by the middle and lower lobe involvement. Keywords: X-ray, COVID-19, pneumonia, lungs, consolidation, opacification
Evaluation of the Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Expertise of the Demonstrators of Dental College
Authors: Malik Farheen , Munir Mahnoor , Mehdi Muhammad Mutahir , Tahir Muhammad Waheed , Badar Nida , Mahmood Rabia
Published: September 2022

Background: Cardiac arrest thought as topmost cause of a death in various regions of globe. Cardio-pulmonary arrest (CPA) is unexpected and swift halt/end in the patients breathing or/and circulation because of numerous causes. CPR incorporates comprehensive hard work as well as those practices for a recovering of any person who is facing cardiac failure Aim: To see as well as examine medical skills of demonstrator’s as per latest CPR regulatory principles & to pinpoint those precautionary measures Study design: Cross-sectional study Place and duration of study: This study of 3 months duration was carried on demonstrators of Multan dental college, Multan. Methodology: 40 demonstrators willingly took part in study. Simple random sampling technique was utilized in order to collect the data. Well-structured Performa was consumed. Informed consent was also sign up from contestants. Results: Men were sixteen while ladies were twenty four. 24(60%) applicants failed in initial assessment, 28(70%) participants reported failure due to compression rate error, 22(55%) participants were failed due to ventilation rate error and 12(30%) participants failed due to incorrect hand position Conclusion: The level of both knowledge and training about medical related emergencies of demonstrators is less than desirable level. Hence, it is needed to set accurate strategies and plans in order to fortify the known areas of weakness. Keywords: Cardio-pulmonary arrest, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, guiding principles, Medical emergencies
Role of Code-Switching and Code-Mixing in Improving L2 Leaners’ Target Language Speaking Skill in Multilingual Settings
Authors: Raza Danyal , Latif Afraz , Raza Waqar
Published: September 2022

The core purpose of the research was to explore the conceivable factors that can assist English language learners to expand their speaking skills while using code-switching and code-mixing in multilingual settings. The respondents of this research article were male and female English language learners, learning English at BS level enrolled in public and private universities and colleges of the district of Multan. Structured questionnaire was the tool for data collection in which the respondents were invited to stipulate their level of confirmation or disparity on four-point rating scale model. The results and findings of the study data indicated that all the foreign language learners were consistently approved and said “Yes” on all the proposed statements of the questionnaire. The evaluated data disclosed that L2 learners think that with the help of code-switching and code-mixing they can speak out English language lessons easily, their mother tongue can help them in communicating and understanding the difficult questions and answers reported in their syllabus easily, code switching can assist L2 learners during the communication with teachers and students, L2 learners tremble when they have to speak in English in front of big gathering without using mother tongue, they have strong inclination towards code-switching for improving their pronunciation, code-switching and code-mixing can assist them in group discussion in foreign language classroom and that code switching can assist them to comprehend the themes of the stories proposed in their L2 syllabus
To Determine the Effectiveness of Modular Approach in Teaching Matter and Change in it’s States in General Science for Elementary Classes
Authors: Liaqat Nazia , Chand Sumaira , Iqbal Iram , Shah Muhammad Naeem
Published: September 2022

Module is a unit of work in a course of instruction that is virtually self-contained and a method of teaching that is based on the building up skills and knowledge in discrete units.  Module  is  self-instructional  package;  it  enables  the  learner  to  learn  independently.  The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of modular approach in teaching matter and change in its states in general science for elementary classes. The major objectives of the  study  were  (i)  to  determine  the  role  of  modular  teaching  in  the  academic  achievement of students of science at elementary  level, (ii) to find out whether the modular  teaching  is  more  effective  than  traditional  methods.  Study design was pre-test and post-test. All class 5th elementary school students studying general science subject were constitute the population of the study. 40 Students of class 5th studying in general science subject from Govt. Girls Primary School Ziarat Kaka Sahib No. 1 were served as sample of the study.  Pre-test  and  post-test  were  used  as  research instrument  and  data  was  collected  through  pre-test  and  post-test.  Collected data was analyzed and interpreted using T-test through SPSS. The analysis of the collected data revealed the following findings. Treatment of modular approach had great effect on experimental group and its academic achievement was better than that of control group. Teaching of G. Science through modular approach was more effective than traditional teaching approach. The study testified a collection of positive outcomes during application of modular approach. Therefore, elementary school teachers may use modular approach in science to improve the academic achievement of students. It is recommended that teachers may be recognized high level of communication through questioning as it endorses participation enhances learning and inspires students. It is recommended that teachers and students should follow modular approach to get maximum benefits from this innovation. Teachers training institutes may make modular approach as a part of their curriculum content and teacher educators may be trained in different model of modular approaches.
Supply Chain Capabilities and Supply Chain Reponsivenss: The Mediating Role of Supply Chain Information
Authors: Junejo Dr. Ikramuddin , Qureshi Dr. Saleem Raza , Kazi Dr. Abdul Subhan
Published: September 2022

The supply chain responsive is an important for service-oriented firms including courier-based firms. The key objectives of present study are examining the mediating effect Supply chain information exchange between supply chain coordination exchange capabilities and supply chain integration capabilities for supply chain responsive in courier service-oriented firms in Sindh. The study gathered data with help of adopted questionnaire through survey method and 160 employees from courier companies participated. In order to achieve the research objectives data were analyzed via AMOS version 24. The confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were conducted. Findings, confirmed the partial mediation effect for both variables supply chain coordination exchange capabilities and supply chain integration capabilities for supply chain responsive in courier service-oriented firms in Sindh, Pakistan. The results of study are insight for top management and managers in order to develop effective and efficient supply chain strategies in courier service-oriented firms in Sindh, Pakistan. The selected supply chain capabilities including coordination and integration are important for supply chain responsive for gaining the consumer confidence and satisfaction with better market sharers in future.
Social Change and its effects on Generation Gap in the Pashtun Society of Balochistan
Authors: Rahim Mr. Muhammad , Alam Tareen Dr. Muhammad
Published: September 2022

The generation gap is the discrepancies between the old and young generations regarding their views, thoughts, lifestyle, experiences, ambitions, knowledge, dreams, values, and different other aspects of social life. This cleavage is natural as well adopted especially by the young generation because the social world is changing very rapidly, the said generation desires and trying to move with this change, but the old generation is not that open and often proved stubborn to adopt the new ways of life. So, as a result, a gap creates between the two generations, which later causes conflict and distances between these generations. This research paper evaluates the understanding and knowledge of the old generation about the generation gap and the state of actions and interactions in the generation gap among Pashtuns in Balochistan. In this quantitative research study, the data were collected from people above the age of fifty years from the Zhob division through proportionate random sampling, with a sample size of 200 respondents. The primary data was gathered through an interview schedule, in which the majority of the respondents communicated that a generation gap exists in their community which suffers more from the old generation. They complained that children are not cooperative and remain at distance from parents in different spheres of life, which seriously affect the relationship between the two age groups. The study informs that the old generation requires to develop a flexible and smooth relationship with the young generation to strengthen human development.
Development and Validation of Teachers’ Performance Appraisal Scale (TPAS) for Public Primary Schools of Punjab
Authors: Hyder Muhammad Rizwan , Shahid Farooq Prof. Dr. Muhammad
Published: September 2022

The purpose of research in hand was to develop and validate Teachers’ Performance Appraisal Scale (TPAS) to appraise the performance of public primary school teachers of Punjab (Pakistan). The five distinctive dimensions of performance through TPAS were teaching-learning, classroom management, assessment, teacher-student relationship and staff collaboration. Data were collected from 1080 male and female public primary school teachers from nine districts with low, average and high school performance. The experts’ opinion was also incorporated in order to enhance content validity of TPAS. The reliability coefficient of TPAS was observed as (α=.915). The current TPAS comprised on 28 statements. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) were also carried out. The factor loading of all factors and items were above the threshold value 0.50. The findings of said research indicate that current TPAS is valid and capable in order to appraise performance of public primary school teachers. It is recommended that TPAS may be used by the authorities for teachers' appraisal for the improvement of quality of teaching and learning in primary schools.
Effectiveness of Cooperative Learning Strategies in The Subject of English at Elementary Schools Level
Authors: Sikandar Basmeen , Shah Muhammad Naeem , Anjum Fehmina
Published: September 2022

This study aims at investigating the effectiveness of cooperative learning strategies at Elementary School level. The objectives of the study were (i) to assess the higher achievements in both groups, (ii) to examine the individual relationship amongst the students in both groups, (iii) to find out the retention period of the concept learning in both groups, (iv) to measure the opinion or attitude of the student's towards teachers in both groups, (v) to comparison of Boy's and Girl's outcome related to above objectives. This study were experimental in nature "pre-test post-test equivalent group design" was used. The population of the study was comprised of the entire Government boy's and Girl's Elementary schools grade-VIII English students of district Nowshera. Sample of the study were 100 students of Government Girls middle School Batakzai and Government middle School Kheshgi Payan selected randomly. Twenty five each were assigned to control group and experimental group on the basis of pre-test and through paired random sampling. Duration of treatment was four weeks. Data were collected personally by the researcher. Data was analyzed by t-test and percentage. On the basis of finding, conclusions and recommendations were made. The study was significant for English Teachers, students and curriculum developer. It was concluded from the results that cooperative learning had significance effect on both boys and girls student’s achievement. It was concluded from the result that Cooperative learning methodology had significance relationship to develop the concept of boy’s as well as girls learners. The study revealed that cooperative learning had significant effect on the performance of both boys and girls students of Grade-VIII. It is therefore recommended that all the students should be thought through cooperative learning strategy. In this way student’s academic performance can be increased. The report stated a wide range of constructive results throughout implementation of Cooperative learning approach. Consequently, teachers may employ Cooperative learning methodology to enhance the academic achievements of the learners.
Effect of underwater treadmill program on gait speed, balance and lower extremity function in stroke patients
Authors: Abdelrehim Zeinab M. , Salem Nahed A. , El Khatib Hossam M. , Ashour Salah Ibrahime Ahmed , Zedan Mohamed A. , Elzanaty Mahmoud Y.
Published: September 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether using an underwater treadmill program could enhance gait speed, balance and lower extremity function. Study design: Randomized control trial. Methods: Forty post-stroke male patients with abnormalities in gait and balance were divided randomly into two equal groups: Study group (A): was given a program for an underwater treadmill. A treadmill program on the ground was given to the control group (B). The ten-meter walk test was used to assess the gait speed of patients in both groups. Assessment of functional capacity utilizing the lower extremity functional scale and the Posturomed device for balance. For all groups, assessments were performed before and after the four-week therapy period. Results: Post treatment results revealed a significant increase in gait speed in both groups but no significant difference between them. More significant increase in balance and lower extremity function in the study group (A) than in control group (B) Conclusion: Underwater treadmill training program is an effective program in improving, balance, gait speed and lower extremity function in stroke patients.
Study of midkine protein as prognostic marker for thyroid disease in Al-Najaf City
Authors: Jawad Murtadha M. , Hussein Asmaa H.
Published: September 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study is to detection of various thyroid diseases in the early stages and their impact on the metabolic state of the body through the estimation of the Midkine by using ELISA method. Methadology: The current study was conducted on  45 patients  with thyroid disease was attending in endocrine and diabetic center in the Al-Sadder Teaching Hospital and Al-Hakim General Hospital in AL-Najaf Province, and 45 healthy person, the samples collected  during  the period from September 2021 to 2`January. Results:  The result of hormonal markers shows high significant with p-value = <0.001 in the level of T3 was higher in Hypothyroidism compared to Hyperthyroidism and the control group. On the other hand, this result was high significant with p-value = <0.001 in the level of T4 was higher in Hypothyroidism compared to Hyperthyroidism and the control group. In addition, this result was high significant with p-value = <0.001 in the level of TSH was higher in Hyperthyroidism compared to Hypothyroidism and the control group. The results of biochemical marker of Midkine was higher in Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism (499.6 ± 120.2 and 489.1 ± 108.1 respectively) compared to and the control group (372.9 ± 92.5).
Improvement time estimate of network optimization
Authors: Kafaji Safa Mohamed Hadi Al , Shiker Mushtak A. K.
Published: September 2022

It's known that the network is a graph that connects activities to points, as in every project the representation of activities and points varies, where the researchers previously assumed a weighted estimate of the time through a law in which they put the optimistic time estimate with the pessimistic time estimate with a weight of 1 and decided to give a greater weight to the weighted time estimate of 4, while in our current research it was proposed to improve the time estimate more likely and make it closer to reality with the achievement of the required results without any negative impact on the project, where the cost and time are reduced while the results are satisfactory, as we can give less weight to the weighted time estimate of 3 instead of 4 to estimate the potential time for distributors, while the pessimistic and optimistic time estimates remain the same with a weight of 1 for each of them.
New technique to find the optimal solution to TPs based on graph theory
Authors: Hussein Yaqoob A. , Shiker Mushtak A. K.
Published: September 2022

A novel approach called the difference absolute method (DAM) is introduced in this paper to locate and test the optimal solution for diverse transportation challenges. The most appealing characteristic of this approach is that it just requires simple arithmetic and logical computations, making it accessible to even the most inexperienced user. This strategy will be incredibly beneficial for those who are capable decision-makers. Take care of logistics and supply chain difficulties. You may easily apply this approach to the present procedure because it is straightforward.
Bio-medical waste management rule 2016, an educational intervention study among postgraduate students in a tertiary care center
Authors: Bathma V. , Chhari N. , Tiwari S.
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Healthcare is one of the fastest growing sectors in India. The healthcare facilities are a basic requirement of human kind but these are also sources of life threatening wastes and toxins. Objectives: To assess the existing level of knowledge regarding ‘bio-medical waste management rule 2016 and evaluate the effectiveness of educational intervention and also find out association between assessment of knowledge before and after reslts. Material and methods: An interventional trail was conducted using video lecture and slide show as a tool. Assessment with use of questionnaire for evaluation was used with scoring. A study was conduct in a tertiary care hospital attached to the medical college, in Bhopal. All 1st year PG students were included in study from different departments. Total 28 PG students were included from various departments. Study was conducted in phase manner with objective of imparting knowledge regarding waste management practices. Results: There was significantly increase in knowledge about bio-medical waste management after educational intervention which was statistically highly significant (p<0.0001) except symbol of biohazard Conclusion: The knowledge of the 1st year PG medical student regarding BMW management varied and was not found to be satisfactory.
Correlation between functional mobility and physical activity in elderly with locomotive syndrome
Authors: Wyoso Alfin Windarjati , Kurniawati Patricia Maria , Handajani Noor Idha , Tinduh Damayanti , Haryadi Ratna Darjanti
Published: September 2022

Background In the elderly, one of the most common causes of chronic disability is Locomotive syndrome. Locomotive syndrome is a decrease in mobility function due to locomotive organ disorders. Physical activity in the elderly is known to decrease compared to young adults, and good functional mobility is needed to carry out daily physical activities. Objectives To analyze the correlation between functional mobility and physical activity in the elderly with Locomotive syndrome.  Methods This study is a cross-sectional observational study. 44 participants (15 men and 29 women) aged 60-78 years participated after screening with the Indonesian version of the Loco-check questionnaire. Subjects performed the Five Time Sit to Stand (FTSTS) test and filling out the Indonesian version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire – Short Form (IPAQ-SF). The correlation between FTSTS and IPAQ-SF scores with Loco-check were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test. Results A significant correlation was shown between FTSTS values and Loco-check which yielded with a p value of 0.008, and a correlation coefficient of 0.395. No correlation found between IPAQ-SF scores and Loco-check. Conclusion There is a positive correlation between functional mobility and Locomotive syndrome.
واقع ومستقبل الإصلاحات بالمغرب 2011-2021: دراسة حول موضوع السلطة
Authors: عبدالصادق توفيق
Published: September 2022

نبحث في هذه الورقة تجربة المغرب السياسية كحالة وصفت بالتجربة الهادئة والإصلاحية، مقارنةً مع تجارب الانتفاضات الأخرى والتي كانت أكثر جذرية وثورية، سواء أكان ذلك من خلال تجارب الموجة الأولى بالعام 2011 (تونس–مصر–سوريا–اليمن) أو من خلال تجارب الموجة الثانية سنة 2019، خاصةً حالتي السودان والجزائر. وتهدف الورقة إلى تفكيك تجربة الإصلاح الدستوري والسياسي بالمغرب خلال الفترة الممتدة بين 2011 وحتى 2021، مركزةً على موضوع السلطة وكيفية صناعة القرار وسط دواليبها. توظف الدراسة إطار نظري يعتمد على أدوات التحليل المؤسساتي وتقاطعاته مع المقاربة الدستورانية ومدخل النخب؛ بهدف تفكيك بنية السلطوية وضبط معيارية التحولات السياسية والديمقراطية. شرح وتفسير وضع حالة الإصلاح بالمغرب سيتم وفق منهجية تزاوج بين زاويتين، الأولى، تستند على منطوق الوثيقة الدستورية لسنة 2011، والثانية تنطلق من أساس السياقات التاريخية والسياسية لتشكل السلطة واستمراريتها في المغرب. في النتيجة، الدراسة حاججت عن طرح غياب الإصلاح في موضوع السلطة وفق مستويات صناعة القرار وتجديد النخب ودورانها، لأن مخرجات هذا الإصلاح بقيت في حدود ضيقة، ومساره جرى في ظل نطاق توجهات النظام السياسي وقراءته لمتغيرات المرحلة.
The Reality and Future of Reforms in Morocco 2011-2021: The Question of Authority
Authors: Abdessadek Taoufik
Published: September 2022

The following paper is a study of Morocco’s political experience, which was often described as smooth and reformist in comparison to other more radical and deep-rooted national experiences in the context of the Arab Spring uprisings, be they from the first wave beginning in 2011 (especially Tunisia, Egypt, Syria, and Yemen) or be they from the second wave in 2019 (most notably Sudan and Algeria). Seeking to deconstruct the process of constitutional and political reform in Morocco during the decade-long period between 2011 and the current year 2021, the analysis is centred upon the question of authority, and decision-making processes within the framework of authority. The paper deploys a theoretical framework grounded in the tools of institutional analysis and its intersections with the constitutional approach and elite framing in order to deconstruct the structures of authoritarianism while measuring political change and democratisation. The explanation and interpretation of reform in Morocco is conducted through a methodology that weaves together two approaches, the first of which is based on the 2011 constitution. The second departs from the constitutional framework to explore the historical and political foundations that formed political authority in Morocco and steered its continuities. The study concludes by asserting that the failure to frame reform within the question of authority must be addressed; political authority in Morocco is grounded in multileveled decision-making and in the restoration and turnover of elites. This blind spot towards addressing reform within the context of authority was created by the limitation of reform outputs within a narrow field dominated by the monarchy. In turn, the trajectory of reform was conditioned by practices and beliefs of the political regime and its understanding of the many variables comprising Morocco’s current political outlook.
Characterization Biofuel from Empty Fruit Bunch through Thermal Cracking
Authors: Wulandari Daya , Rusdianasari  , Yerizam Muhammad
Published: September 2022

Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) are oil palm waste that has the potential as a source of bioenergy because it contains lignocellulose (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) so that it can be converted into biofuel through thermal cracking, adsorption, and distillation processes. Thermal cracking is the decomposition of the chemical content of biomass by utilizing heat without a mixture of oxygen at a temperature of 200oC–600oC. This study aims to obtain the characteristics of the raw material of EFB in the form of proximate, ultimate, lignin, and biofuel produced. The research was conducted using a thermal cracking reactor designed to control the temperature at 300oC, 350oC, 400oC, and 450oC. The results showed that the raw material characteristics of EFB from proximate were 13.66% water content, 8.74% ash content, 58.66% volatile matter and 18.90% fixed carbon. This water content is relatively high. This is because the drying process on the material has not run perfectly. The ultimate result showed that the EFB had a C content of 54.45%, H content of 5.00%, and O content of 16.27%. The atomic ratio obtained from the ultimate analysis can indicate the amount of calorific value that can be used for certain fuels. The smaller the atomic ratio value contained, the more significant the calorific value contained in a particular fuel. Klason method was carried out to decrease the level of lignin through 4 stages; the lignin content without delignification was resulting into 24.87%, the addition of aquadest was resulting into18.71%, the addition of 5% HCl resulting into 15.34%, and 10% HCl resulting into 14.49%. Delignification of 10% HCl is the pretreatment process before the thermal cracking. The thermal cracking process forms steam; the steam is then condensed to obtain bio-oil. The formed bio-oil was kept to separate the oil from tar. In order to obtain good biofuel quality, adsorption is carried out with zeolite adsorbent, which has been activated with HCL. A comparison of the physical properties of bio-oil before and after adsorption shows a color difference from brownish black to the adsorbed bio-oil, which is distilled to separate the heavy and light fractions. The temperature of 450oC at thermal cracking is close to optimum; when the temperature is increased, the cracking process will be more straightforward and occur optimally. The biofuel produced in this study was tested for its characteristics such as, density (927-1086.68 Kg/m3), kinematic viscosity (1.17-1.43 mm2/s), and flash point (66.00-70, 23oC). The biofuel product produced is dominated by C5-C15 compounds (45.07%) according to the results of GC-MS analysis.
Utilization of Solar Energy in the Substation Energy in Provider Connected to PT. PLN (Persero) Based on IoT
Authors: Revy Syanno , Taqwa Ahmad , Arifin Fatahul
Published: September 2022

In organizing the Asian game event in Palembang in 2018, PT PLN Persero supported this activity by supplying electricity at several points in the Jakabaring Spot City (JSC) area with a total of 27 connecting substations with a loop system, but when the event was over the loop system was turned off and several locations of connecting substations. not deactivated due to operational constraints and the absence of activities at the location resulting in the supply to the substation shutting down but still operating distributing a voltage of 20 to several substations that are still operating in the JSC area, Indonesia has a very large renewable energy potential, especially solar energy which can supply a heater to maintain humidity prevent partial discharge and make cubicle equipment have a long lifetime. The results show that the radiation received by the PV system is sufficient to produce Stable electric power to turn on the heater continuously for 24 hours Future research will be extended to monitoring via IoT.
Always Better Control Method as Controlling for Medicine Inventory in Public Health Office
Authors: Hayatie Marliza Noor , Putriana Astia , Anjaswari Gati
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study is to control medicine supplies with the implementation of the Always Better Control (ABC) method in the Pharmaceutical Field of the Tanah Laut Regency Health Office. The availability of the medicine is part of the assessment the level of patient satisfaction with the health services of government agencies. Therefore, control of medicine supplies is important to do well so as not to cause financial losses to the country due to the accumulation of expired medicine in the inventory warehouse. This research is quantitative descriptive research. The data collected is primary data in the form of reports on medicine intake and medicine expenditure at the Tanah Laut Regency Health Office from January to December 2019. Numerically analyze data using the microsoft excel program. The results of this study showed that using the ABC method, the supply of medicine can be classified into three levels. Medicine that belongs to group A are types of medicine that are classified as having high use or sales (fast moving) as many as 6 types.  Medicines that belong to group B are types of medicine with moderate sales of 6 types. Meanwhile, for medicine that belong to group C is a type of medicine whose sales are low (slow moving) as many as 8 types. The existence of medicine control with the ABC method provides convenience for management to consider the right investment value in ordering medicine needed by the people so as to improve the financial performance of the institution.
Core decompression for early-stage avascular necrosis of the humeral head: current concepts and techniques
Authors: Scheidt Michael D. , Aiyash Saleh , Salazar Dane , Garbis Nickolas
Published: September 2022

Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the humeral head is a rare, yet detrimental complication. Left untreated, humeral head AVN frequently progresses to subchondral fracturing and articular collapse. Cases of late-stage humeral head AVN commonly require invasive procedures including humeral head resurfacing, hemiarthroplasty, and total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) to improve clinical outcomes. However, in cases of early-stage AVN, core decompression of the humeral head is a viable and efficacious short-term treatment option for patients with pre-collapse AVN of the humeral head to improve clinical outcomes and prevent disease progression. Several techniques have been described, however, a percutaneous, arthroscopic-assisted technique may allow for accurate staging and concomitant treatment of intraarticular pathology during surgery, although further long-term clinical studies are necessary to assess its overall outcomes compared with standard techniques. Biologic adjunctive treatments, including synthetic bone grafting, autologous mesenchymal stem cell/bone marrow grafts, and bone allografts are viable options for reducing the progression of AVN to further collapse in the short term, although long-term follow-up with sufficient study power is lacking in current clinical studies. Further long-term outcome studies are required to determine the longevity of core decompression as a conservative measure for early-stage AVN of the humeral head.
The Challenge and Approach of Improving the Big Data Analysis Ability of Logistics Professionals
Authors: Zeng Qian
Published: September 2022

The development of the logistics industry has driven the explosive growth of logistics data. However, the market lacks skilled professionals to carry out source management, processing, analysis and mining of logistics data. Under the growing talent gap, the cultivation of big data talents has become a global realistic demand. This paper takes the logistics professionals trained in colleges and universities as the research object. We analyzes the difficulties of improving the big data analysis ability of logistics professionals from three aspects. A promotion approach for the big data analysis ability is proposed. The research believes that the training of big data thinking, big data analysis tools and cooperation between universities and enterprise should become the main means for colleges and universities to promote the high quality and sustainable development of the logistics education in the era of big data.
ROLE OF CRISPR TO IMPROVE STRESS TOLERANCE IN PLANTS
Authors: DOGAR ARA , ALI M , RIAZ Z , ALI Q , Ahmad S , JAVED MA
Published: September 2022

Climate changes and increasing human population is experiencing by most of the countries throughout the world, so, for production of crops with enhanced adaptation to the environment and high yield reliance through conventional breeding technologies seemed to be fully supporting now a days. It requires those techniques that increase crop yield in less time through developing resistance of plants for stress factors. Fortunately, for improvement of crops under the abiotic and biotic stress conditions, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) approach provided a way towards new horizon and consequently revolutionizing the plant breeding approach. This review article presents the optimization and mechanism of CRISPR strategy and its huge number of applications for crop improvement like domestication, fruit quality improvement, resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses is most highlighted aspect. In this review article there is a brief summary about CRISPR/Cas9 technique and its role in increasing agricultural yield by gene knock in or knock out. It also presents number of evidence based studies where this approach has been used for making plants resistant to biotic factors. Future perspectives and controversies have also been discussed.
Reseña del libro Josefina, La Negra Avitia, Biografía de una educadora
Authors: González Peña María de Lourdes
Published: September 2022

Josefina “La Negra” Avitia. Biografía de una educadora, es un libro de autoría de Jesús Adolfo Trujillo Holguín, publicado en 2016. Es una obra que en cada capítulo despliega un sugerente conjunto de elementos teóricos y prácticos que, además de abonar a la formación del profesorado, contribuyen al campo de la historia y a la investigación educativa. En el contenido del libro el autor hace un rescate permanente de la memoria histórica de la educación preescolar y –paralelamente- ofrece una narrativa con la lógica histórica con que operaron las profesionales de preescolar, hasta lograr que las autoridades educativas incorporaran oficialmente el plan de estudios de profesoras de preescolar en el sistema educativo de Chihuahua.
La Secretaría de Educación Pública y la federalización educativa en Tamaulipas (1921-1956)
Authors: Flores Méndez Yessenia
Published: September 2022

Mediante este estudio se conoce la reforma administrativa de federalización de la educación en Tamaulipas, en su etapa de centralización (1921-1978). Se identifica que dicho proceso pasó en la entidad por dos subetapas: la primera abarcó de 1921 a 1935, inició con la fundación de la Secretaría de Educación Pública (SEP), con las primeras acciones educativas federales en la entidad y con los acuerdos y relaciones entre la federación y el gobierno del estado. La segunda, entre 1936 y 1956, se subdivide en dos fases, de 1936 a 1942, que abarca las resistencias y negociaciones para la firma del primer Convenio de Coordinación y Unificación de los Servicios Educativos, y los conflictos magisteriales posteriores por incumplimiento. De 1943 a 1956, comprende la firma del segundo Convenio de federalización de la enseñanza de 1943, cuando se logró la unificación del magisterio.