bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF THE FORMATION OF ACMEOLOGICAL COMPETENCE IN IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF A HISTORY TEACHER
Authors: Мусаев Д.М.
Published: June 2022

Рассматриваются вопросы профессиональной подготовки учителя истории. Анализируется понятие «профессиональная компетентность» педагога, определяется роль педагогической акмеологии в прогрессивном развитии личности будущего учителя. Выделяются уровни и критерии оценки профессионализма педагога. Обобщен многолетний опыт работы автора по формированию образовательных компетенций у студентов, систематизированы представления о роли акмеологической компетенции в профессиональной подготовке специалиста.

The article discusses the issues of professional training of a history teacher. The concept of “professional competence” of a teacher is analyzed, the role of pedagogical acmeology in the progressive development of the personality of a future teacher is determined. The levels and criteria for assessing the professionalism of the teacher are highlighted. The author’s long-term experience in the formation of educational competencies among students is summarized, the ideas about the role of acmeological competence in the professional training of a specialist are systematized.
SOLVING THE PROBLEMS OF INTENSIVE ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING WITH THE HELP OF THE AUTHOR'S METHODOLOGY FOR CONSTRUCTING TEACHING COMMUNICATIVE SITUATIONS
Authors: Сабельникова Е.А.
Published: June 2022

Представлен авторский взгляд на понятие «интенсивное обучение», рассмотрены цели и особенности интенсивного обучения английскому языку и ключевые задачи разработанной автором методики построения обучающих коммуникативных ситуаций. Представлены этапы формирования иноязычной коммуникативной компетенции на начальном, среднем и продвинутом уровнях овладения английским языком. Описаны педагогические условия эффективности организации образовательной деятельности, принципы отбора учебного материала и построения учебного процесса. Показано положительное влияние авторской методики на формирование иноязычной коммуникативной компетенции и становление личности компетентного специалиста.

The article presents the author’s view on the concept of «intensive learning», discusses the goals and features of intensive English language teaching and the key tasks of the author’s methodology for constructing teaching communicative situations. The stages of formation of foreign language communicative competence at the initial, intermediate and advanced levels of English language acquisition are presented. The pedagogical conditions of the effectiveness of the organization of educational activities, the principles of the selection of educational material and the construction of the educational process are described. The positive influence of the author’s methodology on the formation of foreign language communicative competence and the formation of the personality of a competent specialist is shown.
SELF-ATTITUDE OF PARENTS OF PRESCHOOLERS AND YOUNGER SCHOOLCHILDREN AS A FACTOR OF HARDINESS DURING THE PANDEMIC
Authors: Кузьмишина Т.Л.
Published: June 2022

Представлены результаты эмпирического исследования самоотношения родителей дошкольников и младших школьников в контексте жизнестойкости. Анализируется взаимосвязь самоотношения и устойчивости к стрессу людей с разным опытом переживания Ковид-19 в период пандемии.

The article presents the results of an empirical study of the self-attitude of parents of preschoolers and younger schoolchildren in the context of resilience. The interrelation of self-attitude and stress resistance of people with different experiences of experiencing Corvette-19 during the pandemic is analyzed.
GENERAL PHYSICAL AND SPECIAL PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ADOLESCENTS WITH MILD MENTAL RETARDATION IN THE PROCESS OF POWERLIFTING
Authors: ИБРАГИМОВ И.Ф. , ДЕМЕНЕВ С.В. , СЕРАЗЕТДИНОВА Л.И. , ВОРОБЬЁВА И.В. , ШАМГУНОВА Г.М. , ФАЛЕЕВА С.А.
Published: June 2022

Рассматриваются особенности физического развития подростков с легкой умственной отсталостью. Приводятся результаты исследования функциональных показателей данной категории юных спортсменов в процессе занятий пауэрлифтингом. Представлены особенностей данного вида спорта, авторская методика тренировок, результаты ее применения. Доказано влияние предложенной методики на развитие таких физических качеств как сила, выносливость в группах испытуемых.

The article discusses the features of the physical development of adolescents with mild mental retardation. The results of the study of the functional indicators of this category of young athletes in the process of powerlifting are given. The features of this sport, the author’s training methodology, the results of its application are presented. The influence of the proposed methodology on the development of such physical qualities as strength, endurance in groups of subjects is proved.
Life with Yoga for holistic health
Authors: Jelly Prasuna , Sharma Rakesh , Verma Anita
Published: June 2022

Yoga is a magical term which means and promotes the “union” of mind, body, and psychological status of human beings that goes beyond physical activity and exercise. Many countries address the integration of yoga in numerous meetings to find the solutions for the complex health-related situations and to bring harmony. Yoga possesses biological, psychological, and social benefits to promote humanity. Modern medical advancements recommend integrating alternative and traditional healing therapies to solve the health-related issues completely; yoga is one of the important and famous therapies adopted by many countries and populations. A healthy human needs regular physical activity and exercise, appropriate diet and nutrition, right thoughts, attitude, and proper recreational activities to maintain harmony. Yoga is the one package of solutions to provide all these dimensions that the entire world is looking for.
Distribución espacial y temporal de microplásticos flotantes en aguas del Caribe central colombiano
Authors: Franco-Herrera Andrés , Polania-Zenner Paula Irene , Otálora-Rincón Carlos David , Tigreros-Benavides Paulo César
Published: June 2022

El plástico es un material fundamental en la vida moderna. La mitad de la producción mundial es de un solo uso y sus desechos generan una huella identificable en la naturaleza. La red hídrica de Colombia integra aguas dulces, estuarinas y saladas, lo que facilita que estos desechos puedan llegar a las zonas marinas. En este contexto, el objetivo de nuestro estudio fue proporcionar información de la dinámica espacial y temporal de los microplásticos en la zona marino costera del departamento del Magdalena como aporte para la implementación de futuras políticas de manejo de estos residuos. Se llevaron a cabo arrastres con red manta (250 μm) en cuatro sectores durante las épocas lluviosa y seca (2019 - 2020). Se obtuvo una submuestra representativa que fue tratada con oxidación química (reacción de Fentom) para eliminar la materia orgánica. Se contaron y clasificaron las partículas de todos los sectores por categorías morfológicas: fragmentos, fibras, espumas, películas y pellets. Se registró una mayor abundancia en la época de lluvias, lo que estaría relacionado con la intensificación de las descargas continentales de los ríos Manzanares, Gaira, y Magdalena y de la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta. Los fragmentos y fracciones de más de 500 μm fueron las más abundantes y no hubo diferencias espaciales en cuanto a las abundancias. Las dinámicas meteorológicas e hidrológicas tienen un papel importante en la abundancia de los microplásticos, a lo que se suma la presión antrópica y las aguas residuales domésticas que no se gestionan de manera adecuada y favorecen que estos residuos se viertan en los sistemas naturales.
Peces del complejo lagunar Peregrinos, río Caquetá, municipio de Solano, Caquetá, Colombia
Authors: Celis-Granada Mónica Sirley , Correa-Guarnizo Lina Maria , Velasquez-Valencia Alexander , Ossa-Calderón Diego , Chala-Velásquez Yuliana
Published: June 2022

Con el propósito de registrar la diversidad de peces del complejo lagunar Peregrinos ubicado en el municipio de Solano, Caquetá, se hizo una evaluación ecológica rápida entre el 30 de octubre y el 2 de noviembre del 2018 y el 30 de marzo y el 11 de abril del 2021. Los especímenes se recolectaron durante muestreos diurnos y nocturnos en 12 hábitats fluviales utilizando diferentes artes de pesca. Se capturaron 1.527 individuos distribuidos en siete órdenes, 35 familias y 153 especies. El orden Characiformes fue el de mayor riqueza, con el 47,7 %, y mayor número de familias. Los órdenes Cyprinodontiformes y Synbranchiformes solo registraron una especie en todo el muestreo. La familia Characidae registró el mayor número de especies, con 28 (18,3 %), siendo la más abundante Hyphessobrycon sp1, con 19,7 %. En 50 taxones solo se registró un individuo de, entre otras especies, Leporinus fasciatus, Chilodus punctatus, Heros severus, Plagioscion squamosissimus y Helogenes marmoratus. Se determinó que 17 de las especies son migratorias y el 54,9 % es de uso ornamental o de consumo. El hábitat con la mayor riqueza fue la laguna dos (70 especies). El estudio indicó que el complejo cuenta con 34,6 % de los peces reportados en el Sistema de Información de la Biodiversidad (SIB), además, se incluyeron nuevos registros en la colección ictiológica del Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad de la Amazonia, Colombia (UAM)
Kurucu Kök Metin Fıkhü’l-ekber’in Otantikliği Sorunu ve Osmanlı Ulemasının Katkısı I
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Mustafa Bilal
Published: June 2022

İslâmî ilimlerin neredeyse tamamının temelleri hicrî birinci ve ikinci asırda atılmıştır. Hicrî birinci asırdan itibaren İslam dünyasının genişlemesiyle birlikte sözlü bilgilerin yazıya aktarılmasına yönelik kolektif bir çabanın varlığı dikkat çekmektedir. Hz. Peygamber’in s.a.v. insanlığı İslam’a daveti ile beraber yazı yazma kültüründe önceleri benzeri görülmemiş artış gözlenmiştir. İslam dini ile birlikte dünya tarih sahnesi hummalı bir yazı faaliyetine tanık olmuştur. Sözlü kültürden yazılı kültüre geçişin hızlandığı özellikle 2./8. yüzyıllarda akāid-kelâm, fıkıh ve fıkıh usûlü, tasavvuf, tefsir, hadîs ile ilgili bu ilimlerin taşıyıcısı olan dil ve din biliminin kurucu metinleri telif edilmiştir. Temel ilkeleri içeren kurucu metinler sayesinde ilimler, derinleşerek gelişme fırsatı yakalamıştır. Bir metnin kurucu ve kök sayılabilmesi için ağacın meyvesi olarak kurduğu bir sistemin olması gerekir. Bu anlamda el-Fıkhü’l-ekber, itidalli ve savunulabilir bir inanç sistemi kurmuştur. En özlü akāid metinleri ile en hacimli kelâm kitapları arasında organik bir bağ vardır. Yolun sonunda hedeflerin yazılmasından ibaret olan akîde metinleri, iman esaslarının sayılması iken, kelâm metinleri, iman gayesine götüren yolun yürüyüşünü temsil eder. Yürünecek yolları bitirerek yolun sonunu işaret eden el-Fıkhü’l-ekber, İslam düşüncesinin dönüm noktalarından ilki ve en önemlisidir. Bu çalışmada akāid ilminin kurucu metni el-Fıkhü’l-ekber’in yazarına aidiyeti bağlamında kelâm ilmine katkısı tartışılacaktır. Bu metin, İslam düşüncesinin ilerleyen safhalarında yazılacak Ehl-i sünnet kelâmına yön vermiştir. Bu çalışmada sözü edilen kurucu metnin iç ve dış bağlamlarıyla birlikte Ebû Hanîfe’ye (öl. 150/767) nispeti dirayet yönü ile teyit edilecektir. Ayrıca Osmanlı döneminde el-Fıkhü’l-ekber şerhlerindeki artışın nedeni gösterilecektir. Nitekim her bir şerh, telifin müellife aidiyetini güçlendirmektedir. Şerhlerde metnin Ebû Hanîfe’ye ait olmadığına dair tek bir cümle bulunmamakta, tam tersine aidiyetin sıhhatine vurgu yapılmaktadır. Elbette burada ilgili metnin tüm şerhlerine yer verilmeyecek, çoğunlukla baskıları yapılmış çalışmalara ağırlık verilecektir. El-Fıkhü’l-ekber’de ilahiyat, nübüvvet ve ahiret konuları yer almaktadır. Burada teolojik tartışmaların ve kelâmî kavramlar tarihine ilişkin sorunların şerhlerde ele alınış biçimi gösterilecektir. Bu makalede örnek olarak ele alınan yöntem çerçevesinde nübüvvet ve ahiret konularını ve kavramlarını yine şerhler bağlamında değerlendirilmesine yönelik ileri çalışmalara bir hazırlık yapılmış olacaktır. Burada önemle belirtilmesi gereken husus, metni şerh eden ulemadan hiçbirinin konu veya kavramın Ebû Hanîfe döneminde ele alınmadığına işaret etmemiş olmasıdır. Kaldı ki erken dönemden 7./13. Yüzyıl gibi geç döneme kadar gerek kelâm, gerekse bibliyografya kitapları el-Fıkhü’l-ekber’in Ebû Hanîfe’ye aidiyetinde herhangi bir kuşku duymamıştır.
Borlevî’nin İlzâmu’l-muʿânidîn ve ibṭâl-u zaʿmi’l-ḥâsidîn İsimli Risâlesinin Tahlil, Tahkik ve Tercümesi
Authors: YILMAZ Mustafa Selim
Published: June 2022

Her metnin anlatmak istediği bir ana fikri ve anlam örgüsü olduğu gibi üretildiği muhitin arka planını yansıtan bir hikayesi de vardır. Bu itibarla metnin cümlelerine önem verildiği kadar satır aralarında gizli bir hazine gibi bekleyen ve ait olduğu dönemi yansıtan kimliğine de dikkat edilmesi gerekir. Böylesine bir yaklaşımın benimsenmesi, bir anlamda metnin ruhunun daha iyi kavranmasına vesile olacaktır. Ayrıca bu yaklaşım, medeniyetimizi inşa eden eserlerin, özellikle de açığa çıkarılmayı bekleyen birçok yazmanın hikayesini, ilim dünyasına kazandırmak açısından büyük bir önem arz etmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu keşif yolunda atılacak her bir adım, medeniyet tarihimizin serencamının anlaşılmasına katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu yazının amacı da 18. yüzyıl Osmanlı ilim muhitine ışık tutabilecek yazma bir risâleyi ele almak suretiyle bu yolda bir adım atmaktır. Borlevî’ye ait İlzâmu’l-muʿânidîn ve ibṭâl-u zaʿmi’l-ḥâsidîn isimli bahse konu risâlenin tahkikli neşrinin yanında tercümesinin yapılması, bu yazının içeriğini ve odak noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Ayrıca mukaddemen vurgulandığı üzere adı geçen risâlenin hikayesine ilişkin genel hatlarıyla bilgi verilmesi ve bu bilgilerin ışığında öz bir değerlendirme çabası esas alınmıştır. Bundan ötesi, okuyucunun fikri yolculuğuna bırakılarak onun, bizatihi metnin kendisi ve tercümesiyle baş başa bırakılması düşünülmüştür. Araştırmaya konu bu risâlenin tercih edilmesinin bir diğer nedeni de kelâm ilminin hem tematik hem de metodolojik açıdan hassas bir konusu olan “ismet-i enbiyâ”ya ilişkin olmasıdır. Zira bu konu, kelâmın vahiy merkezli yapısı ve dahi peygamber kavramının doğası ve buna ilişkin teşekkül ettirilen tasavvurların anlaşılması bakımından son derece anlamlıdır. Risâle gerek etimolojik analizi gerekse de klasik, özellikle de fıkıh kaynaklarından hareketle özlü bir literatür değerlendirmesinden sonra peygamberlerin iğmâdan (baygınlık) korunmuş olup olmadıkları konusunu tartışmaktadır. İğmânın ismet-i enbiyâ bağlamında ele alınıp alınamayacağı sorunsalından hareket eden risâlenin müellifi, mukaddime kısmında bu eseri kaleme alma nedenini açıklamaktadır. Diğer taraftan sonuç başlığı altında da ulaştığı neticeleri dikkat çeken bir şekilde paylaşmaktadır. Her iki bölüm de metnin kimliğini yansıtması açısından, belki de risâlenin en önemli kısımlarıdır. Bu bölümlerde kurulan illiyet bağı ile verilen mesajlar, Osmanlı düşünce tarihinin seyrini derinden etkileyen Kadızâdeliler-Sivâsîler çekişmesi ve bunun sonucunda ortaya çıkan eğilimlere dair değerli ipuçları vermektedir. Bu noktada dikkat çeken ana tema ise kutuplaşma şeklinde seyreden bu çekişmenin doğurduğu marazî durumun aşılması için mutedil bir yolu benimsemenin salık verilmesidir. Sonuç itibarıyla bu risâle, düşünce tarihimizde ciddi bir kırılmanın yaşandığı bir dönemin ilk elden şahidi olması bakımından son derece önemli bir metindir.
Voluntades anticipadas como referente ético de conocimiento en los enfermeros que laboran en servicios de oncología
Authors: Chaverra Castellar Marlen Ibeth , Osorio Castaño Jhon Henry
Published: June 2022

El propósito del presente artículo es identificar los conocimientos sobre la Voluntad Anticipada (VA) en enfermeros que laboran en servicios de oncología. Para ello, se utilizó como metodología un estudio observacional con intención analítica que midió el nivel de conocimiento a través de un cuestionario autodiligenciado. En él participaron 50 enfermeros, seleccionados por muestreo no probabilístico. Así, se analizaron las variables cualitativas con distribuciones de frecuencia, y las cuantitativas con estadística descriptiva y análisis bivariado. El nivel de conocimiento se categorizó así: 0 a 10 puntos (nivel bajo), 11 a 20 puntos (nivel medio), 21 a 30 puntos (nivel alto). Los resultados de la investigación arrojaron como dato que, para un grupo donde el 86 % eran mujeres, con promedio de edad de 37 años, el promedio de años de experiencia como enfermeros fue de 11.5 años. Por otra parte, el promedio de años de experiencia en el área de oncología fue de 6.2 años. De los que hacían parte de este último promedio, el 48 % tenían diplomado en oncología y el 46 % especialización. El 70 % de los participantes tenía un conocimiento medio, el 26 % un conocimiento alto, y el 4 %un nivel bajo. Cabe mencionar que solo el nivel de formación de postgrado se relacionó de manera significativa con el nivel de conocimientos. Como conclusión, se encontró que los profesionales en enfermería poseen un nivel de conocimiento medio sobre la legislación que aborda las voluntades anticipadas en Colombia y esto está relacionado con el nivel de formación.
Assigning meaning to light verbs in Turkish
Authors: ÖZGE Duygu , ÜNAL Gülten , BAYIRLI İsa Kerem
Published: June 2022

Light verb constructions (e.g., give a kiss to somebody) syntactically reflect typical ditransitive structures (e.g., give a violin to somebody) yet it is not clear whether these two structures thematically similar as well. We tested Turkish-speaking adults on their construal of light verb constructions with respect to the number of thematic roles they perceive in the event structure in a rating study. The light verb give with a different noun phrase was used in all critical utterances (e.g., give a response or give an assignment). The noun phrases of these constructions denominalized either by -lA or -lAn+dIr morpheme (e.g., response-lA and assignment-lAn+dIr) were also used as control items. The study concluded that the light verbs with their noun phrase complements contribute to the semantic construal of the event structure and the thematic role assignment processes for the denominalized versions of these structures reflect this meaning construal.
Age specific features of nNOS immunoreactive neurons in rat neocortex
Authors: Rumyantseva T. A. , Agadzhanova L. S. , Varentsov V. E. , Pozhilov D. A. , Dashyan T. S. , Kiselev A. V.
Published: June 2022

The aimof the study was to evaluate the morphological features of nNOS-positive (nNOS-IR) neurons in the dorsolateral cortex of the frontal lobe of the cerebral hemispheres in albino rats during 180 days of postnatal development.

Material and methods. The study was performed on 40 outbred white Wistar rats of different ages, from 1 to 180 days. The object of the study was an area of the right cerebral hemisphere on the dorsolateral surface near the frontal pole (neocortex). On paraffin serial sections of the frontal lobe, an immunohistochemical reaction was performed with antibodies to nNOS and a detection system with horseradish peroxidase. Neuronal morphometry was performed by microphotographs using the ImageJ-Fiji (NIH) 1.51h program, measuring the sectional area of the  neuron   body,  the  area  of the  nucleus,  the  nuclear-cytoplasmic  ratio,  and  the  intensity  of the  reaction.

The significance of differences was assessed by paired Student's t-test.

Results. It was found that in mature rats in the frontal lobe cortex nNOS-IR was detected in large multi-polar cells with high activity of the enzyme located in the supragranular layers, spindle-shaped cells with long positive processes at the border with the white matter (type 1), and two varieties of low-positive neurons – accumulations in the VI layer and single ones in other layers (type 2). Polymorphism of nNOS-IR neurons manifests from the birth, but it was possible to distinguish all subpopulations only from the 21st day. Each subpopulation is distinguished by its own age dynamics of the studied parameters and the nature of the distribution of positivity. In addition, in 3–7 day old rat pups, numerous small neurons at the border of the cortex and white matter have transient immunoreactivity.

Conclusion. Thus, the division of nNOS-IR neurons into two morphological types proposed in the works of predecessors does not correspond to the number of subpopulations that could be described in the dorsolateral region of the prefrontal cortex in rats. This diversity of nNOS-IR neurons is consistent with the numerous functions described for nitric oxide. For an objective characterization of various classes of nNOS-IR cortical interneurons, it is necessary to use additional data obtained from transcriptomic, histological, electrophysiological, and functional experiments, taking into account species, topographic, and age features. Only an extended approach will make it possible to selectively influence different types of cells and reasonably interpret the results of experimental studies.
Morphological and morphometric characteristics of the subcompensated dolichocolon
Authors: Shevchenko T. I. , Borota A. V. , Shvorob D. S. , Al' Yamani N. D. , Abramyan A. A.
Published: June 2022

Chronic constipation is one of the most urgent problems in modern coloproctology and is observed in 14–16% of the population of developed countries. The causes of chronic constipation vary widely from functional to organic. The latter include various variants of dolichocolon, which occur in 16% of cases.

The aim of the study was is to give a morphological and quantitative characteristic of subcompensated dolichocolon based on the morphogenesis of changes, compared with histologically normal colon.

Material and methods. Colon tissue samples from 15 people were used, which were divided into two groups. The first, control group consisted of 5 sectional cases of a morphologically normal colon wall. The second group was represented by the surgical material of 10 patients with subcompensated dolichocolon. Observation groups were representative by sex and age.

Results. In patients with subcompensated dolichocolon, compared with the control group, the thickness of the mucosa in the colon wall is statistically significantly (p=0.034) reduced by 1.06 times, which indicates atrophy; the thickness of the submucosal layer increases by 1.55 times due to edema with foci of sclerosis (p=0.0001); the thickness of the muscle layer increases by 1.16 times (p=0,0003), because of working hypertrophy and compensatory hyperplasia of smooth muscle cells; at the same time, the number of nerve cells in Auerbach's plexuses decreases by 1.59 times (p=0,0001), which will lead to atrophy of the muscle layer and decrease its evacuator-motor function; the average area of lymphoid follicles increases by 1.35 times (p=0,003) and the percentage of secondary follicles decreases 8 times (p=0,0001), which is a consequence of congestion of intestinal contents and activation of the intestinal lymphoid apparatus.

Conclusion. Morphological signs of atrophy and sclerosis changes of the cellular elements of the colon neuromuscular apparatus begin to form at the subcompensated stage of dolichocolon, which requires new objective clinical and morphological indications for surgical treatment of patients in order to prevent the development of decompensation of the patients’ general condition and severe complications.
Cornea: anatomical and functional features, new methods of in vivo diagnostics of abnormalities
Authors: Fisenko N. V.
Published: June 2022

The cornea is a highly organized, transparent part of fibrous tunic of an eyeball. It acts as the primary infectious and structural barrier of the eye. The cornea is the major refractive element of an adult eye. It consists of epithelium, Bowman's membrane, stroma, Descemet's membrane and endothelium. Although the normal human cornea is avascular, it is supplied via perilimbal blood vessels, the aqueous humor (AqH) and tear film. Afferent innervation to the cornea is provided by long ciliary nerves, which form subepithelial and subbasal nerve plexus. Epithelium is a stratified, non-keratinizing squamous layer that consists of various cell types. Epithelial cells are connected to each other by zonula adherens, and to the basement membrane via hemidesmosomes. Bowman's membrane is composed of randomly-oriented type I and V collagen fibrils and anchoring type IV and VII collagen fibrils. The stroma consists of cells (principally keratocytes) and distinct lamella formed by collagen fibers, proteoglycans, elastin and glycoproteins. Descemet's membrane is a basal membrane, secreted by endothelial cells. It is a network organized by type VIII collagen molecules, which modulate the passage of growth factors, cytokines and nutrients from the AqH into the corneal stroma and backward. Corneal endothelium is a monolayer of hexagonal cells tightly adherent to one another. In vivo endothelial cells are arrested in G1-phase of cell cycle. The endothelium forms a physiological barrier between the nutrient-rich AqH and the corneal stroma. Tight and gap cell junctions and dynamic pump-leak system maintains corneal deturgescence and permit sufficient nutrient delivery into the stroma and epithelium. Disruption of the endothelial cells results in corneal edema. Modern non-contact real-time imaging of the cornea include specular microscopy, optical coherence tomography and in vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy. These methods can help to visualize corneal layers (during keratorefractive surgery, pre- and postoperative periods), detect localization and etiology of pathological changes.
Physiological Changes in Pregnant Women and Their Implications in Anesthetic Applications
Authors: Carolina Cuzco Macias Ashley , Gricel Cuzco Macias Leslie
Published: June 2022

Pregnancy is accompanied by important physiological changes that must be known for proper anesthetic management. This review aims to summarize the main physiological changes that occur during pregnancy and their implications in anesthetic management. Accordingly, a non-systematic bibliographic review was carried out in the following databases: COCHRANE, PUBMED, MEDLINE, LILACS, among others, for reviews and meta-analyses published between 2015 and 2020. In total, 39 bibliographic sources on the subject were found, of which 36 scientific articles that provided relevant information were used. It was found that the knowledge of the various physiological changes that occur during pregnancy is crucial in anesthetic management, considering that adequate preparation of equipment, medications, availability of qualified anesthesiologists, and modification of anesthetic technique to adapt to these are needed for the successful performance of procedures during pregnancy, thus, reducing complications and maternal–fetal morbidity and mortality.
Keywords: Pregnant, Physiological, Drugs, Uteroplacental.
Resumen
El embarazo va acompañado de cambios fisiológicos importantes que se debe conocer para el adecuado manejo anestésico, en consecuencia, la presente revisión tiene como objetivo resumir las principales modificaciones fisiológicas durante la gestación y su implicación en las aplicaciones anestésicas. Para lo cual, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica no sistemática en las siguientes bases de datos: COCHRANE, PUBMED, MEDLINE, LILACS, entre otros, con revisiones y meta-análisis desde el año 2015 hasta el 2020. Como resultado de la búsqueda se encontraron 39 fuentes bibliográficas referentes al tema, de los cuales se emplearon 36 artículos científicos que aportaron información relevante. Destacándose que el conocimiento de los diversos cambios fisiológicos que ocurren durante el embarazo es crucial en el manejo anestésico, considerando que la preparación adecuada del equipo, los medicamentos, la disponibilidad de anestesiólogos calificados y la modificación de la técnica anestésica para adaptarse a estos cambios son indispensables para la realización exitosa de procedimientos durante el embarazo, contribuyendo así a la disminución de complicaciones y en la morbilidad y mortalidad materno-fetal.
Palabras Clave: Embarazada, Fisiológico, Fármacos, Uteroplacentaria.
Behavioral Economics: Theoretical Conception to Understand Economic Behavior
Authors: Pérez Armenio
Published: June 2022

Behavioral Economics has shown the limitations of conventional economics to explain the behavior of economic agents, achieving its acceptance and recognition in the academic field and in practical areas. However, the foundation of the two systems to explain the mental processing of behavior has reductionist limitations. The present article aims to base the theoretical conception of the cognitive functioning of human behavior from the theory of Behavioral Economy. The methods used are at the theoretical level of the research, specifically related to the analysis of the literature, the systematization of the contents, and the modeling of the proposal.The final reflections indicate the need to develop the methods and techniques that allow the study of economic behavior from a complex perspective, although it recognizes the value of the proposed theoretical conception in overcoming the dualistic and reductionist limitations of the preceding models.
Keywords: Behavioral sciences, Behavioral economics, Economic behavior, Heuristics, Cognitive biases
Resumen
La Economía Conductual ha evidenciado las limitaciones de la Economía convencional para explicar el comportamiento de los agentes económicos; logrando su aceptación y reconocimiento en el ámbito académico y en áreas prácticas. Sin embargo, la fundamentación de dos sistemas para explicar el procesamiento mental del comportamiento presenta limitaciones reduccionistas. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo fundamentar la concepción teórica del funcionamiento cognitivo del comportamiento humano desde la teoría de la Economía Conductual. Los métodos empleados se encuentran en el nivel teórico de la investigación, específicamente relacionados con el análisis de la literatura, la sistematización de los contenidos y la modelación de la propuesta. Las reflexiones finales señalan la necesidad de desarrollar los métodos y técnicas que permitan el estudio del comportamiento económico desde una perspectiva compleja, aunque reconoce el valor que encierra la concepción teórica propuesta al superar las limitaciones dualistas y reduccionistas de los modelos precedentes.
Palabras Clave: Ciencias del comportamiento, Economía conductual, Comportamiento económico, Heurísticas, Sesgos cognitivos.
Cybersecurity Policies for Network Switching Devices in Hospital Data Centers: A Case Study
Authors: Fernando Avila Pesantez Diego , Chalan Analuisa Richard , Figueras George , Avila Miriam
Published: June 2022

Cybersecurity policies help ensure the operation of network communication devices used in hospital data centers, since administrators can easily implement mechanisms to mitigate attacks and vulnerabilities without affecting the operation of these devices. In this work, the ISO 27032 standard was selected to follow the four-phase guidelines: understanding the organization, risk analysis, action plan, and implementation, which allowed for proposing the necessary cybersecurity policies for the network infrastructure in a Huawei device. First, the vulnerability tests were carried out with the OPENVAS and Yersinia tools, establishing the probability of attacks like MAC-ARP, DHCP Starvation, STP attack, Vlan hopping, etc. Through the respective configurations and enabling functionalities, it was possible to mitigate a significant amount of 98% of the existing vulnerabilities in the initial state of the hospital network infrastructure.
Keywords: Cybersecurity policies, ISO 27032, hospital network infrastructure, attack mitigation.
Resumen 
Las políticas de ciberseguridad permiten asegurar el funcionamiento de los equipos de comunicación de red en una infraestructura tecnológica hospitalaria, ya que los administradores pueden implementar mecanismos de mitigación a ataques y vulnerabilidades, evitando afectar el funcionamiento de estos dispositivos. En este trabajo se tomó como referencia la norma ISO 27032 para seguir los lineamientos de cuatro fases: entendimiento de la organización, análisis de riegos, plan de acciones e implementación, que permitieron proponer las políticas de ciberseguridad necesarias para la infraestructura de red en equipos de marca Huawei. En la primera etapa se realizó las pruebas de vulnerabilidades con las herramientas OPENVAS y Yersinia, estableciendo la probabilidad de ataques tales como MAC-ARP, DHCP Starvation, ataque STP, Vlan hopping, entre otros. Mediante las respectivas configuraciones y habilitación de funcionalidades, se pudo mitigar una cantidad significativa del 98% de las vulnerabilidades existentes en el estado inicial de la infraestructura de red hospitalaria.
Palabras Clave: Políticas de ciberseguridad, ISO 27032, Infraestructura de red hospitalaria, Mitigación de ataques.
Evaluation of Protein Levels in the Production of Granola from Amaranth and Agroecological Quinoa
Authors: Fabián Zabala Vizuete Rolando , Renato Manzano Vela Dennis , Mauricio Salazar Luisataxi Jhon
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the protein levels in the production of granola from amaranth and agroecological quinoa. The study was carried out at the IQ Alimentos company, since it has the machinery and the required business line; the botanical identification of the plant samples used as raw materials were carried out and the strategies for agroecological cultivation applied. The study used an experimental design based on the proportion of each of the components used in the formulation of the product. A mixture of 50% quinoa, 40% amaranth, and 5% egg and honey was chosen after the protein and moisture content were quantified. A 9.67% moisture and 11.59% protein was found to be the best analytical result obtained in all formulations tested, meeting the requirements of the standard NTE INEN 2595:2011. The percentage of moisture was determined by cooking the sample at 125ºC for 13 min; the percentage of moisture was reduced while the protein was not significantly altered or degraded. A stability analysis was carried out on the final product, following the national regulations, and it was concluded that the shelf life of the processed food is 20 weeks, since in this period of time there are no values outside the permissible limit by the standard.
Keywords: Quinoa, Amaranth, Granola, Protein, Moisture, Agro-ecological farming.
Resumen
La presente investigación tuvo como finalidad el evaluar los niveles de proteína en la producción de granola a partir de amaranto y quinua agroecológica, de este modo el estudio se emplazó en la empresa IQ Alimentos ya que la misma cuenta con la maquinaria y la línea de negocio pertinente, se realizó la identificación botánica de las muestras vegetales utilizadas como materia prima y las estrategias aplicadas para el cultivo agroecológico. Se determinó un diseño experimental sobre las cantidades de participación de cada uno de los componentes de la formulación del producto llegando a elegir una formación de un 50% de quinua, 40% de amaranto 5% de huevo y miel de abeja, tras la evaluación del porcentaje de proteína y humedad se cuantifico un 9,67 % de humedad y 11,59 % de proteína, siendo este el mejor resultado analítico obtenido en todas las formulaciones planteadas, cumpliendo con los requerimientos de la norma NTE INEN 2595:2011. El porcentaje de humedad fue determinado tras el proceso de cocción de la muestra donde se aplicó una temperatura de 125∘ C durante 13 minutos, la muestra disminuye su porcentaje de humedad muestras la proteína no se ve alterada o degradado de forma significativa. Se realizó un análisis de estabilidad en el producto final, a bajo la normativa vigente en el país, pudiendo concluir que el tiempo de vida útil del alimento elaborado es de 20 semanas, ya que en este periodo de tiempo no se aprecian valores fuera del límite permisible por la norma.
Palabras Clave: Quinua, Amaranto, Granola, Proteína, Humedad, Cultivo Agroecológico.
Potential Distribution Range of Lycalopex culpaeus Species (Molina, 1782) in the Province of Chimborazo
Authors: Andrés Romero Asqui Steven , Xavier Lozano Rodríguez Patricio , Aracely Armas Arma Margarita , Aníbal Cajas Bermeo Carlos
Published: June 2022

Species distribution models are very useful for understanding and conserving the patterns and processes that explain biodiversity. The present study determined the potential distribution range of Lycalopex culpaeus (Molina, 1782) species in Chimborazo, Ecuador. A documentary research was conducted that included geographic and bibliographic information and the application of the MaxEnt software for data collection, estimation, and validation of the model. The results showed that the potential distribution range of the L. culpaeus species (Molina, 1782) modeled in the MaxEnt and filtered through the Jackknife test has a high predictive capacity, as indicated by the area under the curve (AUC) that reflects a value of 0.985 for which 28 occurrence sites and four environmental variables were used. The key environmental variables that shape the potential distribution of L. culpaeus (Molina, 1782) are temperature, precipitation, land use, and ecosystems. Therefore, in the province of Chimborazo, the habitat suitability for the L. culpaeus (Molina, 1782) species with a probability of >50% (0.49–0.99 points) corresponds to 34,255 hectares of its territory and is mainly found in the “paramo” grassland ecosystem in altitudes ranging from 2781 to 3345 masl.
Keywords: Biodiversity, Fauna, Habitat, MaxEnt.
Resumen
Los modelos de distribución de especies son de gran utilidad para entender y conservar los patrones y los procesos que explican la biodiversidad. En tal sentido el presente estudio determinó el rango de distribución potencial de la especie Lycalopex culpaeus (Molina, 1782) en la provincia de Chimborazo. Este proceso se llevó a cabo a través de métodos de investigación documental que incluye información geográfica y bibliográfica y la aplicación del software MaxEnt a través del cual se desarrolló la obtención de datos, la estimación y validación del modelo. Los resultados reflejan que el rango de distribución potencial de la especie Lycalopex culpaeus (Molina, 1782) modelado en MaxEnt y filtrado a través de la prueba de Jackknife posee una alta capacidad predictiva, tal como lo indica el área bajo la curva (AUC) que refleja un valor de 0,985, para el cual se utilizó 28 sitios de ocurrencia y cuatro variables ambientales. Las variables ambientales clave que dan forma a la distribución potencial de Lycalopex culpaeus (Molina, 1782) son temperatura, precipitación, uso de suelo y ecosistemas, por tanto en la provincia de Chimborazo la idoneidad de hábitat para la especie Lycalopex culpaeus (Molina, 1782) con probabilidad mayor al 50 % (0,49-0,99 puntos) corresponde a 34.255 hectáreas de territorio para su distribución, y se encuentra principalmente en el ecosistema herbazal de páramo, en rangos altitudinales que varían de los 2781 a los 3345 msnm.
Palabras Clave: Biodiversidad, Fauna, Hábitat, MaxEnt.
Los emprendimientos rurales con enfoque de género. Una revisión teórica sobre su importancia y el rol de las cooperativas financieras en el financiamiento
Authors: Miriam Quispe Fernández Gabith , Miguel Giner Pérez José , Ayaviri Nina Dante
Published: June 2022

Rural enterprises are considered important for the local development of communities. The objective of the research is to identify the degree of importance of rural enterprises and the role of financial cooperatives in their financing. The deductive, descriptive method of documentary type based on Scopus and WOS data is used to identify the studies carried out in this regard. The results show that there is a restriction on credits directed to rural areas, which probably harms rural enterprises, so that financial cooperatives as part of popular and solidarity economy financial institutions can play an important role in obtaining sources. of financing for enterprises in rural environments, motivating the local development of their communities.
Keywords: Rural enterprises, productive activity, cooperatives.
Resumen
Los emprendimientos rurales se consideran importantes para el desarrollo local de las comunidades. El objetivo de la investigación es identificar el grado de importancia que tienen los emprendimientos rurales y el papel de las cooperativas financieras en su financiamiento. Se utiliza el método deductivo, descriptivo de tipo documental con base en datos de Scopus y WOS para identificar los estudios realizados al respecto. Los resultados muestran que existe una restricción a los créditos dirigidos al área rural, lo que probablemente perjudica los emprendimientos rurales, por lo que las cooperativas financieras como parte de las instituciones financieras de economía popular y solidaria pueden jugar un papel importante en la obtención de fuentes de financiamiento para los emprendimientos en entornos rurales, motivando el desarrollo local de sus comunidades.
Palabras Clave: Emprendimientos rurales, actividad productiva, cooperativas.
Emotions Generated by the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: L Vallejo , R Samaniego , E Barba
Published: June 2022

To talk about the changes that a pandemic cause in the emotions and feelings in human beings is to enter a decisive world for their contextual behavior. The objective is to analyze the emotions and feelings generated by the COVID-19 pandemic in Chimborazo - Ecuador in three phases or waves (i) beginning on March 16, 2020 to June 30, 2020 with a duration of four months of isolation, (ii ) July 2020 – March 2021, (iii) April 2021 in the vaccination process. The survey and interviews with open questions were applied to identify the emotions and feelings in the face of COVID-19, the results were in the surveyed population that: feels uncertainty, fear, sadness and anguish, but a culture of own responsibility and that of the other also arises, and a culture of caring. Also, positive feelings such as: union in the family, solidarity and empathy stand out. It is concluded that emotions are an important part of mental health and these are differentiated according to sex, age, educational level, perceived health, risk group and perceived comfort at home. The COVID-19 pandemic has linked feelings and created emotions; Their subjective and social impact are similar in population groups in different countries of the world, therefore, they must be considered in the planning of health policies to face COVID-19.
Keywords: mental health, coronavirus, pandemic, emotions, emotional evaluation, health policies.
Resumen
Hablar de los cambios que ocasiona una pandemia en las emociones y sentimientos en los seres humanos es introducirse en un mundo decisorio para su comportamiento contextual. El objetivo es analizar las emociones y sentimientos generadas por pandemia COVID-19 en Chimborazo – Ecuador en tres fases u olas (i)inicio el 16/marzo/2020 al 30 de junio/2020 con una duración de cuatro meses de aislamiento, (ii) julio 2020–marzo 2021, (iii) abril 2021 en el proceso de vacunación. Se aplicó la encuesta y entrevistas con preguntas abiertas para identificar las emociones y sentimientos frente al COVID-19, los resultados fueron en la población encuestada que: siente incertidumbre, miedo, tristeza y angustia, pero también surge una cultura de responsabilidad propia y del otro, y una cultura de cuidado. Así también, se destacan sentimientos positivos como: unión en la familia, solidaridad y empatía. Se concluye, que las emociones son parte importante de la salud mental y estas se diferencian según el sexo, edad, el nivel educativo, salud percibida, grupo de riesgo y el confort percibido en el hogar. La pandemia COVID-19, ha vinculado los sentimientos y creado emociones; su impacto subjetivo y social se asemejan en los grupos poblacionales en diversos países del mundo, por tanto, deben ser consideradas en la planificación de políticas de salud para frenar el COVID-19.
Palabras Clave: salud mental, coronavirus, pandemia, emociones, evaluación emocional, políticas de salud.
Pseudoarthrosis like a complication in proximal humeral fractures
Authors: Israel Moreno Aviles Santiago , Aanabel Lozada Tobar Estefania
Published: June 2022

Proximal humerus fractures (FHP) represent 5 6% of all fractures in adults and occur more frequently in older adults due to poor bone quality, the initial evaluation and knowing the risk factors that the patient may have is essential to determine the most appropriate treatment and avoid complications. Pseudoarthrosis of the proximal humerus, despite having a frequency ranging from 1.1% to 8%, must be studied so that the doctor can resolve it, the elderly population tends to cope well, due to low functional demand, however, younger patients would notice a decrease in function, particularly when the tuberosities and adjacent cuff insertions are involved. The objective of this article was to deepen knowledge about proximal humerus pseudoarthrosis, results of risk factors, as well as their treatment, through a descriptive bibliographic review.
Keywords: proximal humerus, psedoarthrosis, fractures, nonunion.
Resumen
Las fracturas de húmero proximal (FHP) representan el 5-6% de todas las fracturas en adultos y se presentan con mayor frecuencia en adultos mayores debido a la mala calidad ósea, la evaluación inicial y conocer los factores de riesgo que puede tener el paciente es fundamental para determinar el tratamiento más adecuado y evitar complicaciones. La pseudoartrosis del humero proximal a pesar de tener una frecuencia que va de 1.1 % al 8% debe ser estudiada para que el medico la pueda resolver, la población de la tercera edad tiende a sobrellevarlo bien, debido a la baja demanda funcional, sin embargo, los pacientes más jóvenes notarían una disminución en la función, particularmente cuando están involucradas las tuberosidades y las inserciones de los manguitos adyacentes. El objetivo de este artículo fue profundizar conocimientos sobre pseudoartrosis de humero proximal, cuáles son los factores de riesgo, así como su tratamiento, mediante una revisión bibliográfica descriptiva.
Palabras Clave: Humero proximal, Pseudoatrosis, fracturas, no unión.
ATTITUDES AND PERCEPTIONS OF MALAYSIAN ESL UNDERGRADUATES TOWARDS THE USAGE OF VLOGGING IN ENHANCING THEIR SPEAKING SKILLS
Authors: Mahmud Nazirah , Yusoff Nurhazwani , Mahmud Najihah
Published: June 2022

The aim of this research is to find out the attitudes and the perceptions of the undergraduate students in a private higher institution in Malaysia, towards making video recording specifically video blogging (vlogging) to enhance their speaking skill in the target language – English. This research is also carried out to determine the advantage(s) and disadvantage(s) of using vlog for similar purpose. A quantitative design was employed in this study where a questionnaire was used to elicit data. The questionnaire touched on students’ attitudes and perceptions towards the use of vlogging in enhancing their speaking skills. The overall findings showed that the university students agreed that using vlogging can improve their English-speaking skills to a certain extent.
Genre Analysis of Undergraduate Dissertation Abstracts in Two Disciplines
Authors: Bonsu Emmanuel Mensah
Published: June 2022

This research departed from the result of training on the development of online learning design for secondary school teachers before the pandemic. On that training, WhatsApp is the best choice to be implemented by the teachers. In this research, WhatsApp-based learning design is chosen to facilitate English teachers during learning from home. As a result, the impact for students is that their learning outcomes were positively correlated to their perception, knowledge, motivation, and attitudes during learning from home using WhatsApp. Then, the implication of this research is that English teachers have competitiveness and also competence in the utilization of digital technology, especially in developing English learning designs while they taught from home.