bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Injury profiles and epidemiology of single vehicle motorcycle fatalities in Tamil Nadu, India, 2009-2017
Authors: Sivasankaran Sathish Kumar , Rangam Hari Krishna , Balasubramanian Venkatesh
Published: August 2022

This article investigates single-vehicle motorcycle crashes and crash risk where a rider is killed or injured in Tamil Nadu, India. Hospital data linked with police-reported crash data, including demographic information, injury characteristics, and environmental and road characteristics, were analysed for all single-vehicle motorcycle crashes between January 2009 and December 2017. A total of 16,541 single-vehicle motorcycle crashes resulted in injuries (fatal, serious, and minor injury) during the period, among which 7,447 were fatal crashes. The majority of fatal crashes involved male motorcyclists aged between 26 and 64 years (5,287). Those aged 18 and 25 years (1,897) were the next most frequent group of fatally injured motorcyclists. Among the fatal injured motorcyclists, 66.6% were wearing a helmet. When reported, 33.8% of motorcyclists did not have a valid driving licence at the time of the incident. Motorcyclists injured most commonly sustained head injuries (51.3%), followed by multiple injuries (20.1%), leg injuries (3.3%), and hand injuries (3.2%). Logistic regression results suggest that specific road characteristics and environmental factors increase the probability of fatal crashes: urban roads, express highways, multiple lane roads, night time, absence of median divider, cross and T-junctions, junctions with four arms, under-aged (<18 years) riders, not holding a valid licence and non-use of helmets. Appropriate countermeasures to mitigate motorcyclist trauma are recommended.
Towards linking climate and weather phenomena to road safety outcomes part 2 of 3: Longer-term influences of climate drivers
Authors: Gaffney John , Hovenden Elizabeth
Published: August 2022

This paper is Part 2 of a three-part series illustrating how climate phenomena and weather metrics vary within a year and between years that can effect road safety. Part 1 identified the breadth of weather factors collectively contributing to crash risk and consolidated relevant research. The key climate drivers for Victoria produce complex interactions forming short-term and long-term weather patterns influencing crash occurrence and their spatial and temporal distribution across the state. The study found that the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) with its roughly 14-day cycle has the most significant influence on Victorian casualty crashes (also cyclic). A Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test showed a statistically significant association (at the 0.05 significance level) between casualty crash numbers and each of the climate drivers. For fatal crashes, however, there was no statistically significant association, likely due to low numbers and randomness. Whilst this paper focuses on Victoria, other jurisdictions can use the approach presented using their local context of climate, latitude, and geography to identify patterns and influences on crashes. Understanding climate influences on crash occurrence within and between years assists strategy development for improving road safety and reaching the target of zero deaths.
Improving guardrail damage reporting and responding to promote injury prevention in motor vehicle crashes
Authors: Iyer Meghna , Garverich Suzanne , Lincoln Alisa
Published: August 2022

Guardrails along roadsides can alleviate the severity of crashes if they function as intended. When guardrails are damaged or not maintained they can contribute to injury and death. There has been an exponential number of lawsuits pertaining to fatalities sustained from guardrails. Research on guardrail maintenance and performance is needed to improve safety. Much of the research on this topic is outdated, does not include sufficient data, or has reporting issues that impact results. To address this gap, a mixed-method sequential study, where quantitative analysis of administrative data informed qualitative inquiry, was conducted to better understand the processes by which damaged guardrails are reported to a state’s Department of Transportation. Administrative data from the Federal Highway Administration were analysed to assess factors associated with reporting of guardrail damage. Ten qualitative interviews were conducted with key informants to increase understanding of reporting. Only 26% of crashes involving guardrails were reported to the state’s Department of Transportations for repairs. Out of the number of crashes that went unreported, 92% of them had severe guardrail damage. Emerging themes were identified as issues in data quality, variety in reporting forms, and a reluctancy by first responders to report guardrail damage. These results demonstrate the need for greater attention to reporting of infrastructure damage including education for first responders on the importance of reporting crashes and guardrail damage to the Departments of Transportation as well as policy to develop a standardised way for first responders to collect information after a crash.
Reinserción laboral como instrumento de resocialización a la población ex- carcelaria como política de estado
Authors: Huaman-Ruiz Lesvy
Published: August 2022

La presente investigación tuvo como propósito de realizar el análisis de en qué medida el Estado cumple con la responsabilidad de volver a insertarlos a un trabajo a la población ex - carcelaria, reconociendo la finalidad de la pena como instrumento de resocialización. Desde el contexto metodológico, se pudo resaltar que la misma presentó un estudio descriptivo y explicativo. Es importante destacar que se aplicó un diseño no experimental. La población lo conformaron por 3 Magistrados de la Sala Penal de CSJ de Lima, 10 funcionarios del INPE, 15 individuos con pasado criminal (ex - presidiarios), 10 Gerentes, directores y/o representantes de RR. HH de empresas e instituciones privadas informales y formales de Lima y 12 maestros de la UNFV conocedores del tema. Al finalizar, se concluyó que el Estado no ha venido cumpliendo con ello de forma eficiente, ya que en las políticas de reinserción laboral se evidencia una imperativa necesidad de ejecutar una reforma legal de índole científico-social, que facilite una generación de sapiencias que coadyuven a la obtención de oportunidades de empleo para quienes ya han cumplido una condena.
Small Airway Disease / Bronchiolitis: Case Presentation and Review of Literature
Authors: Elatre Wafaa A.
Published: August 2022

Small airways constitute the quiet zone between the conducting and the respiratory lung zones [1]. Still, Small Airway Disease (SAD) can be a presenting manifestation in multiple diseases includes connective tissue disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, exposure to tobacco smoke, air borne pollutants, mineral dusts, and viral respiratory infections. It may develop following bone marrow transplantation and in recipients of heart-lung or lung transplantation [2].
Factors for Chronic Energy Deficiency (KEK) in Pregnant Women
Authors: Silfia Niluh Nita , Maineny Arie , Yustika Yustika
Published: August 2022

Background: Pregnant Women with Chronic Energy Deficiency (KEK) are undernourished status due to an imbalance between intake and energy expenditure. The results of Riskesdas (2018) the prevalence of KEK is 17.3%. Case data of pregnant women with KEK at the Lariang Health Center, Lariang District in 2020 as many as 41 people. Objective: To determine the factors of pregnant women with chronic lack of energy at the Lariang Health Center in 2020 (age factors, family income and parity). Methods: This research method is case control with a retrospective approach. The sample in this study was 80 respondents with a random sampling technique. The tools used in this study were observation sheets and visit books for pregnant women. Research time 1 – 20 April 2021. Analysis of univariate and bivariate data with chi-square statistical test. Results: There are 47.5% have age 35 years. There are 60% have family income < Rp. 2,571,328. There are 55% having parity at risk of 1 and 3. The results of the Chi Square test show that there is a relationship between the age of pregnant women (p value = 0.004), there is a relationship between family income of pregnant women (p value = 0.000) and there is a relationship between parity of pregnant women (p value = 0.002) with Chronic Energy Deficiency. Conclusion: There is a relationship between age at risk, low family income and parity at risk of pregnant women with chronic energy deficiency at the Lariang Health Center. Suggestions that can be given are to provide counseling about the dangers of KEK to pregnant women as well as knowledge of the importance of nutrition, and pregnancy checks by health workers.
Pregnancy Massage and Deep Breathing Relaxation Reducing Back Pain in Third Trimester Pregnant Women
Authors: Sarliana Sarliana , Hadriani Hadriani , Ismawati Suci
Published: August 2022

Background: Back pain will affect the quality of life of the mother which has an impact on the mother's pregnancy. The results of interviews with 15 third-trimester pregnant women at the Lasoani Public Health Center showed that 13 pregnant women experienced lower back pain. Massage therapy and deep breathing relaxation are two complementary therapeutic options that can be given to mothers in reducing back pain. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pregnant massage and deep breathing relaxation on reducing back pain in third-trimester pregnant women at the Lasoani Public Health Center. The method used is a Pre Experiment design with a one-group pretest-posttest design approach. The sampling technique is consecutive sampling with a sample of = 15, Wilcoxon test data analysis. The results Giving pregnant massage and deep breathing relaxation has an effect on reducing back pain for pregnant women in the third trimester at the Lasoani Public Health Center where at Pre-post 10 pregnant women (67.7%) experienced severe pain levels and during Post-test there was a decrease in pain levels to mild, as many as 10 pregnant women (67.7%). Value sig=0.000<0.05 Conclusion: Pregnancy massage and deep breathing relaxation are effective in reducing back pain for pregnant women in the third trimester at the Lasoani Auxiliary Health Center. It is hoped that the class service for pregnant women can always be improved so that pregnant women who experience complaints, especially low back pain, can be resolved.
PEG-fibrinogen hydrogel microspheres as a scaffold for therapeutic delivery of immune cells
Authors: Cohen Noam , Vagima Yaron , Mouhadeb Odelia , Toister Einat , Gutman Hila , Lazar Shlomi , Jayson Avital , Artzy-Schnirman Arbel , Sznitman Josué , Ordentlich Arie , Yitzhaki Shmuel , Seliktar Dror , Mamroud Emanuelle , Epstein Eyal
Published: August 2022

Recent advances in the field of cell therapy have proposed new solutions for tissue repair and regeneration using various cell delivery approaches. Here we studied ex vivo a novel topical delivery system of encapsulated cells in hybrid polyethylene glycol-fibrinogen (PEG-Fb) hydrogel microspheres to respiratory tract models. We investigated basic parameters of cell encapsulation, delivery and release in conditions of inflamed and damaged lungs of bacterial-infected mice. The establishment of each step in the study was essential for the proof of concept. We demonstrated co-encapsulation of alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells that were highly viable and equally distributed inside the microspheres. We found that encapsulated macrophages exposed to bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide preserved high viability and secreted moderate levels of TNFα, whereas non-encapsulated cells exhibited a burst TNFα secretion and reduced viability. LPS-exposed encapsulated macrophages exhibited elongated morphology and out-migration capability from microspheres. Microsphere degradation and cell release in inflamed lung environment was studied ex vivo by the incubation of encapsulated macrophages with lung extracts derived from intranasally infected mice with Yersinia pestis, demonstrating the potential in cell targeting and release in inflamed lungs. Finally, we demonstrated microsphere delivery to a multi-component airways-on-chip platform that mimic human nasal, bronchial and alveolar airways in serially connected compartments. This study demonstrates the feasibility in using hydrogel microspheres as an effective method for topical cell delivery to the lungs in the context of pulmonary damage and the need for tissue repair.
A novel regulated network mediated by downregulation HIF1A-AS2 lncRNA impairs placental angiogenesis by promoting ANGPTL4 expression in preeclampsia
Authors: Shu Lijun , Wang Cong , Ding Zhengzheng , Tang Jianjiao , Zhu Yuanyuan , Wu Liuxin , Wang Zheyue , Zhang Tingting , Wang Tianjun , Xu Yetao , Sun Lizhou
Published: August 2022

Preeclampsia (PE) is the predominant medical condition leading to maternal and fetal mortality, and the lack of effective treatment increases its risk to the public health. Among the numerous predisposing factors, the ineffectual remodeling of the uterine spiral arteries, which can induce abnormal placental angiogenesis, has been focused to solve the pathogenesis of PE. According to the preceding research results, abnormal expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA)s could be associated with the pathological changes inducing PE. To be more specific, lncRNA HIF1A-AS2 was proposed for its potential to participate in the molecular mechanisms underlying PE. In vitro, in trophoblast cell lines HTR-8/SVneo and human umbilical vein endothelial cells HUVECs, HIF1A-AS2 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration and tube formation. Mechanistically, transcription factor FOXP1 could regulate the expression of HIF1A-AS2. Moreover, a series of assays, including RNA pull down and mass spectrometry, RNA immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, revealed that HIF1A-AS2 interacted with Lamin A/C (LMNA) to inhibit ANGPTL4 expression in trophoblast cells, thus further participating in the progression of PE. Taken together, these findings suggested that further analysis on HIF1A-AS2 could contribute to the development of prospective therapeutic strategy for PE.
Inflammatory-Metal Profile as a Hallmark for COVID-19 Severity During Pregnancy
Authors: Vásquez-Procopio Johana , Espejel-Nuñez Aurora , Torres-Torres Johnatan , Martinez-Portilla Raigam Jafet , Espino Y. Sosa Salvador , Mateu-Rogell Paloma , Ortega-Castillo Veronica , Tolentino-Dolores Maricruz , Perichart-Perera Otilia , Franco-Gallardo José Osman , Carranco-Martínez José Alberto , Prieto-Rodríguez Scarleth , Guzmán-Huerta Mario , Missirlis Fanis , Estrada-Gutierrez Guadalupe
Published: August 2022

Pregnancy makes women more susceptible to infectious agents; however, available data on the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on pregnant women are limited. To date, inflammatory responses and changes in serum metal concentration have been reported in COVID-19 patients, but few associations between metal ions and cytokines have been described. The aim of this study was to evaluate correlations between inflammatory markers and serum metal ions in third-trimester pregnant women with varying COVID-19 disease severity. Patients with severe symptoms had increased concentrations of serum magnesium, copper, and calcium ions and decreased concentrations of iron, zinc, and sodium ions. Potassium ions were unaffected. Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-1α, anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4, and the IP-10 chemokine were induced in the severe presentation of COVID-19 during pregnancy. Robust negative correlations between iron/magnesium and zinc/IL-6, and a positive correlation between copper/IP-10 were observed in pregnant women with the severe form of the disease. Thus, coordinated alterations of serum metal ions and inflammatory markers – suggestive of underlying pathophysiological interactions—occur during SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy.
A Stable Chemokine Gradient Controls Directional Persistence of Migrating Dendritic Cells
Authors: Quast Thomas , Zölzer Karolin , Guu Donald , Alvarez Luis , Küsters Carsten , Kiermaier Eva , Kaupp U. Benjamin , Kolanus Waldemar
Published: August 2022

Navigation of dendritic cells (DCs) from the site of infection to lymphoid organs is guided by concentration gradients of CCR7 ligands. How cells interpret chemokine gradients and how they couple directional sensing to polarization and persistent chemotaxis has remained largely elusive. Previous experimental systems were limited in the ability to control fastde novoformation of the final gradient slope, long-lasting stability of the gradient and to expose cells to dynamic stimulation. Here, we used a combination of microfluidics and quantitativein vitrolive cell imaging to elucidate the chemotactic sensing strategy of DCs. The microfluidic approach allows us to generate soluble gradients with high spatio-temporal precision and to analyze actin dynamics, cell polarization, and persistent directional migration in both static and dynamic environments. We demonstrate that directional persistence of DC migration requires steady-state characteristics of the soluble gradient instead of temporally rising CCL19 concentration, implying that spatial sensing mechanisms control chemotaxis of DCs. Kymograph analysis of actin dynamics revealed that the presence of the CCL19 gradient is essential to stabilize leading edge protrusions in DCs and to determine directionality, since both cytoskeletal polarization and persistent chemotaxis are abrogated in the range of seconds when steady-state gradients are perturbed. In contrast toDictyosteliumamoeba, DCs are unable to decode oscillatory stimulation of soluble chemokine traveling waves into a directional response toward the wave source. These findings are consistent with the notion that DCs do not employ adaptive temporal sensing strategies that discriminate temporally increasing and decreasing chemoattractant concentrations in our setting. Taken together, in our experimental system DCs do not depend on increasing absolute chemokine concentration over time to induce persistent migration and do not integrate oscillatory stimulation. The observed capability of DCs to migrate with high directional persistence in stable gradients but not when subjected to periodic temporal cues, identifies spatial sensing as a key requirement for persistent chemotaxis of DCs.
Exosomal circular RNAs: Biogenesis, effect, and application in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Hu Xiaoyi , Qin Hongran , Yan Yi , Wu Wenhui , Gong Sugang , Wang Lan , Jiang Rong , Zhao Qinhua , Sun Yuanyuan , Wang Qian , Wang Shang , Zhao Hui , Liu Jinming , Yuan Ping
Published: August 2022

As natural nanoparticles, exosomes regulate a wide range of biological processes via modulation of its components, including circular RNAs (circRNAs). CircRNAs are a novel class of closed-loop single-stranded RNAs with a wide distribution, and play diverse biological roles. Due to its stability in exosomes, exosomal circRNAs serve as biomarkers, pathogenic regulators and exert therapeutic potentials in some cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, acute coronary syndrome, ischemia/reperfusion injury, heart failure, and peripheral artery disease. In this review, we detailed the current knowledge on the biogenesis and functions of exosomes, circRNAs, and exosomal circRNAs, as well as their involvement in these cardiovascular diseases, providing novel insights into the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases.
Collaboration between meteorology and public health: Predicting the dengue epidemic in Guangzhou, China, by meteorological parameters
Authors: Chen Jing , Ding Rui-Lian , Liu Kang-Kang , Xiao Hui , Hu Gang , Xiao Xiang , Yue Qian , Lu Jia-Hai , Han Yan , Bu Jin , Dong Guang-Hui , Lin Yu
Published: August 2022

Background

Dengue has become an increasing public health threat around the world, and climate conditions have been identified as important factors affecting the transmission of dengue, so this study was aimed to establish a prediction model of dengue epidemic by meteorological methods.

Methods

The dengue case information and meteorological data were collected from Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control and Guangdong Meteorological Bureau, respectively. We used spatio-temporal analysis to characterize dengue epidemics. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between lagged meteorological factors and dengue fever cases and determine the maximum lagged correlation coefficient of different meteorological factors. Then, Generalized Additive Models were used to analyze the non-linear influence of lagged meteorological factors on local dengue cases and to predict the number of local dengue cases under different weather conditions.

Results

We described the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of dengue fever cases and found that sporadic single or a small number of imported cases had a very slight influence on the dengue epidemic around. We further created a forecast model based on the comprehensive consideration of influence of lagged 42-day meteorological factors on local dengue cases, and the results showed that the forecast model has a forecast effect of 98.8%, which was verified by the actual incidence of dengue from 2005 to 2016 in Guangzhou.

Conclusion

A forecast model for dengue epidemic was established with good forecast effects and may have a potential application in global dengue endemic areas after modification according to local meteorological conditions. High attention should be paid on sites with concentrated patients for the control of a dengue epidemic.
Lateral flow immunoassay strips based on europium(III) chelate microparticle for the rapid and sensitive detection of Trichinella spiralis infection in whole blood samples of pigs
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Li Aizhe , Wang Ruizhe , Hou Tianji , Chen Huixin , Wang Jing , Liu Mingyuan , Li Chen , Ding Jing
Published: August 2022

Trichinellosis is a major food-borne parasitosis caused by ingesting raw or semi-raw meat products from pigs infected withTrichinella spiralis(T. spiralis). Although China is the largest consumer of pork in the world, the current diagnostic method ofT. spiralisis exclusively performed in a laboratory setting, due to its complexity and laborious procedure. Here, in order to solve the detection problems in the pig breeding industry, a rapid, sensitive, and on-site serological diagnosis method was developed. The novel lateral flow immunoassay strip (ICS) is based on europium(III) chelate microparticle (ECM) to detectT. spiralis-specific IgG antibody in the serum and whole blood samples from pigs. The structure of the blood-filtering pad and the conjugate pad was added to the ICS, allowing for whole blood samples to be detected and enabling on-site deployment. By comparing the detection results of the serum samples and the whole blood samples, the detection limit of this method was evaluated. Thereafter, this method was used to investigateTrichinellainfection in Chongqing, Sichuan, Inner Mongolia, Guangxi, and Liaoning provinces of China, and the results were almost consistent with the standard method of artificial digestion. Taking advantage of its user-friendly procedure, short detection time (3 min), and sensitivity, the ECM-ICS could be employed for monitoring the epidemic ofTrichinellainfection and ensuring meat safety.
High-sensitivity troponin I with or without ultra-sensitive copeptin for the instant rule-out of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Ricci Fabrizio , Neumann Johannes T. , Rübsamen Nicole , Sörensen Nils A. , Ojeda Francisco , Cataldo Ivana , Zeller Tanja , Schäfer Sarina , Hartikainen Tau S. , Golato Maria , Palermi Stefano , Zimarino Marco , Blankenberg Stefan , Westermann Dirk , De Caterina Raffaele
Published: August 2022

Background

The instant, single-sampling rule-out of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is still an unmet clinical need. We aimed at testing and comparing diagnostic performance and prognostic value of two different single-sampling biomarker strategies for the instant rule-out of AMI.

Methods

From the Biomarkers in Acute Cardiac Care (BACC) cohort, we recruited consecutive patients with acute chest pain and suspected AMI presenting to the Emergency Department of the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. We compared safety, effectiveness and 12-month incidence of the composite endpoint of all-cause death and myocardial infarction between (i) a single-sampling, dual-marker pathway combining high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) and ultra-sensitive copeptin (us-Cop) at presentation (hs-cTnI ≤ 27 ng/L, us-Cop < 10 pmol/L and low-risk ECG) and (ii) a single-sampling pathway based on one-off hs-cTnI determination at presentation (hs-cTnI < 5 ng/L and low-risk ECG). As a comparator, we used the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 0/1-h dual-sampling algorithm.

Results

We enrolled 1,136 patients (male gender 65%) with median age of 64 years (interquartile range, 51–75). Overall, 228 (20%) patients received a final diagnosis of AMI. The two single-sampling instant rule-out pathways yielded similar negative predictive value (NPV): 97.4% (95%CI: 95.4–98.7) and 98.7% (95%CI: 96.9–99.6) for dual-marker and single hs-cTnI algorithms, respectively (P = 0.11). Both strategies were comparably safe as the ESC 0/1-h dual-sampling algorithm and this was consistent across subgroups of early-comers, low-intermediate risk (GRACE-score < 140) and renal dysfunction. Despite a numerically higher rate of false-negative results, the dual-marker strategy ruled-out a slightly but significantly higher percentage of patients compared with single hs-cTnI determination (37.4% versus 32.9%; P < 0.001). There were no significant between-group differences in 12-month composite outcome.

Conclusions

Instant rule-out pathways based on one-off determination of hs-cTnI alone or in combination with us-Cop are comparably safe as the ESC 0/1 h algorithm for the instant rule-out of AMI, yielding similar prognostic information. Instant rule-out strategies are safe alternatives to the ESC 0/1 h algorithm and allow the rapid and effective triage of suspected AMI in patients with low-risk ECG. However, adding copeptin to hs-cTn does not improve the safety of instant rule-out compared with the single rule-out hs-cTn at very low cut-off concentrations.
Commissural alignment in transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A literature review
Authors: Khalid Abdul Muiz , O'Sullivan Crochan J.
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a minimally invasive procedure to replace a diseased and faulty aortic valve in patients with severe aortic stenosis. As TAVR gains popularity among lower-risk younger patients with a longer life expectancy; there is a need to investigate the long-term shortcomings and limitations of the procedure for this patient group. One such shortcoming is that commissural alignment of transcatheter heart valves (THV) appears to be random; meaning that the THV neo-commissures can misalign with the native commissures of the aortic valve during deployment or self-expansion.

Objectives

Identify techniques and procedures used to obtain commissural alignment in TAVR. Evaluate the effectiveness of these procedures in terms of the degree of commissural alignment. Analyse the impact of commissural alignment on coronary filling and re-access.

Methods

Two electronic online databases were searched to identify existing literature relevant to the aim and objectives of this review: EBSCOhost and PubMed. After search filters were applied and duplicates removed; a total of 64 articles from both databases were screened against the inclusion/exclusion criteria. This resulted in a total of thirteen articles which met the objectives of this review and thus; were included.

Results

All studies focused on a patient centered approach involving pre-TAVR computed tomography to obtain commissural alignment. Other studies modified this approach and combined techniques. All studies that implemented a technique to reduce commissural misalignment were significantly successful in obtaining commissural alignment when compared to a study in which alignment was random when no technique was implemented. Severe coronary overlapping in commissural aligned heart valves was relatively low compared to severe coronary overlapping when no technique was implemented.

Conclusions

An increase in optimal commissural alignment via introduction of an alignment technique may seem attractive; however; the categorization of commissural alignment is arbitrary and does not accurately reflect real life clinical implications. Further research is needed to determine whether a routine procedure to achieve commissural alignment is necessary in low-risk younger patients undergoing TAVR.
Perspectives from leadership and frontline staff on telehealth transitions in the Los Angeles safety net during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond
Authors: Casillas Alejandra , Valdovinos Cristina , Wang Elizabeth , Abhat Anshu , Mendez Carmen , Gutierrez Griselda , Portz Jennifer , Brown Arleen , Lyles Courtney R.
Published: August 2022

Objectives

The start of the COVID-19 pandemic led the Los Angeles safety net health system to dramatically reduce in-person visits and transition abruptly to telehealth/telemedicine services to deliver clinical care (remote telephone and video visits). However, safety net patients and the settings that serve them face a “digital divide” that could impact effective implementation of such digital care. The study objective was to examine attitudes and perspectives of leadership and frontline staff regarding telehealth integration in the Los Angeles safety net, with a focus on telemedicine video visits.

Methods

This qualitative study took place in the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services (LAC DHS), the second-largest safety net health system in the US. This system disproportionately serves the uninsured, Medicaid, racial/ethnic minority, low-income, and Limited English Proficient (LEP) patient populations of Los Angeles County. Staff and leadership personnel from each of the five major LAC DHS hospital center clinics, and community-based clinics from the LAC DHS Ambulatory Care Network (ACN) were individually interviewed (video or phone calls), and discussions were recorded. Interview guides were based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), and included questions about the video visit technology platform and its usability, staff resources, clinic needs, and facilitators and barriers to general telehealth implementation and use. Interviews were analyzed for summary of major themes.

Results

Twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted in August to October 2020. Participants included LAC DHS physicians, nurses, medical assistants, and physical therapists with clinical and/or administrative roles. Narrative themes surrounding telehealth implementation, with video visits as the case study, were identified and then categorized at the patient, clinic (including provider), and health system levels.

Conclusions

Patient, clinic, and health system level factors must be considered when disseminating telehealth services across the safety net. Participant discussions illustrated how multilevel facilitators and barriers influenced the feasibility of video visits and other telehealth encounters. Future research should explore proposed solutions from frontline stakeholders as testable interventions towards advancing equity in telehealth implementation: from patient training and support, to standardized workflows that leverage the expertise of multidisciplinary teams.
Lightning Distribution in Tropical Cyclones Making Landfall in China
Authors: Zhang Wenjuan , Zhang Yijun , Shu Shoujuan , Zheng Dong , Xu Liangtao
Published: August 2022

Lightning data from the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) are used to document the lightning characteristics in tropical cyclones (TCs) making landfall in China. The landfall period is confined to 48 h prior to and after landfall (t-24∼t+24). Data from a total of 74 TCs are collected from 2010 to 2020, providing 3,293 individual time periods (1-h periods). To examine the radial and asymmetry distributions as a function of TC intensity, landing location, and vertical wind shear, the dataset is classified into two intensity categories, three shear groups, and four landing locations. WWLLN detected lightning activity in all TCs during the 48-h landfall, with lightning rates most frequently appearing between 250 and 600 str h−1. Extreme hourly lightning rates of 3,154 str h−1 and 4,426 str h−1 are observed in the inner core in Tropical Storm Cimaron (2013) and the outer rainbands in Severe Typhoon Matmo (2014), respectively, comparable to lightning activity in mesoscale convection systems on land. TCs landing in Guangdong and Hainan have the largest peak lightning rates, while those landing in Zhejiang and Shanghai show the lowest lightning rates. The maximum lightning density is found in the inner-core region of weak TCs (<32.7 m s−1) that are located approximately 100–200 km away from the coastline. The radial distribution of lightning density at landing stages is consistent with that at mature stages when TCs are over the ocean. However, there is a shift in the lightning maximum from the inner core prior to landfall (t-24∼t0) to the outer rainbands after landfall (t0∼t+24), indicating the effects of dry continental air intrusion and the enhanced surface frictional convergence. Vertical wind shear is the dominant factor in producing lightning and convective asymmetry for TCs landing in all locations. Lightning asymmetries are enhanced with the increase in shear magnitude from low (<5 m s−1) to moderate (5–10 m s−1) and high (>10 m s−1) shear environments, both in weak and strong TCs (≥32.7 m s−1).
Diffusion source function identification in the process of gas seepage in a coal seam
Authors: Lv Fu , Hu Tingting , Liang Bing , Xu Zenghe , Sun Weiji
Published: August 2022

Through piecewise linearization, the control equation of gas migration in coal is simplified to a parabolic differential equation with time-dependent source terms, and under the corresponding initial conditions, boundary and additional conditions are used to obtain a definite solution to the unknown source function identification of the parabolic differential equation. A triaxial gas migration experimental device to measure the axial gas pressure of a specimen is independently developed, and a gas migration test of coal samples is performed. With the use of the fundamental equation solution, by substituting the definite solution conditions obtained in the experiment, the above equation is discretized into a system of linear equations, the Tikhonov regularization method and generalized cross-validation (GCV) method are employed to solve the obtained ill-conditioned linear system of equations, and the diffusion source functions in the seepage equation are identified. The results suggest that the unknown function identification method for the differential equation, which avoids measurement and analysis of the pore and fissure structures of coal samples, accurately and directly obtains the change trend of desorption–diffusion sources in the process of gas seepage and provides a new idea for the study of the coal seam gas migration process.
The trajectory of inclusive beliefs in beginning teachers
Authors: Specht Jacqueline , Delorey Jessica , Puka Klajdi
Published: August 2022

Inclusive education is supported by the belief that all students belong and are valued members of their neighborhood school communities. Teachers must possess beliefs that support inclusion before they are able to develop the knowledge and skills necessary to implement effective inclusive practice. Using The Beliefs About Learning and Teaching Questionnaire (BLTQ), 396 participants were followed for 4 years, from their initial year in preservice teacher education through to their second year of teaching to determine the trajectory of the development of inclusive beliefs. Distinct groups were identified. Those who began with lower inclusive beliefs that tended to decrease over time were more likely to be male. Those who began with higher inclusive beliefs that remained stable were more likely to be in the elementary panel and have greater professional experience. In addition, those with higher inclusive beliefs were more likely to have greater personal experience and weeks on practicum when they began their first course in inclusive education. Results are discussed with respect to teacher education for inclusive education.
Variation in Nutritional and Antioxidant Attributes of Moringa oleifera L. Leaves at Different Maturity Stages
Authors: Qadir Rahman , Anwar Farooq , Bashir Kiran , Tahir Mudassir Hussain , Alhumade Hesham , Mehmood Tahir
Published: August 2022

The present work reveals variation in the nutritional and antioxidant profiles of Moringaoleifera leaves with regard to four maturity stages (early, mid, penultimate and late). The corresponding yield of 80% methanolic extract (14.21 and 9.69%) and total phenolic contents (TPC) of the extract (95.26 and 38.22 mg GAE/g) from M. oleifera leaves were found to be maximum at early stage and minimum at the later stage. Total flavonoids, ash, protein, vitamin C and β-carotene contents were found to be minimum at the early stage and maximum at later stage (12.26 ± 0.47 to 30.07 ± 1.09 mg/g, 10.36–15.92%,50.3 ± 0.15 to 56 ± 0.77 mg/100 g, 143.14 ± 0.74 to 164.81 ± 0.44 mg/100g, and 89 ± 0.28 to 112.8 ± 1.40 mg/100 g). Amino acids including valine, alanine, leucine and phenylalanine were identified with their least contents at early stages (90.87, 53.07, 55.21, and 48.65 µg/g) and maximum at later stages (197.66, 114.3, 114.2, and 104.5 µg/g, respectively). The levels of different minerals such as Cu, Fe, Mn in M. oleifera leaves at different maturity stages varied from 0.59 to 2.08, 21.96 to 58.68, and 5.56 to 13.84 mg/100 g, respectively. RP-HPLC analysis of the nutritionally rich later-stage leave samples revealed the presence of quercetin as a major component (21.64 mg/kg), followed by benzoic acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, gallic acid, and p-coumaric acid with contributions of 13.03, 8.85, 3.39, 2.88, and 1.59 mg/kg, respectively. Overall, a considerable variation in the profile of different nutrients and antioxidants was noted in M. oleifera leaves as maturity progressed. These results support the harvesting of M. oleifera leaves at an appropriate maturity stage to maximize the functional food and nutraceutical benefits of this valuable food commodity.
Evaluating the significance of samples in deep learning-based transient stability assessment
Authors: Zheng Le , Wang Zheng , Li Gengyin , Xu Yanhui
Published: August 2022

Deep learning-based transient stability assessment has achieved big success in power system analyses. However, it is still unclear how much of the data is superfluous and which samples are important for training. In this work, we introduce the latest technique from the artificial intelligence community to evaluate the significance of the samples used in deep learning model for the transient stability assessment. From empirical experiments, it is found that nearly 50% of the low-significance samples can be pruned without affecting the testing performance at the early training stages, thus saving much computational time and effort. We also observe that the samples with the fault-clearing time close to the critical clearing time often have higher significance indexes, indicating that the decision boundary learned by the deep network is highly related to the transient stability boundary. This is intuitive, but to the best of our knowledge, this work is the first to analyze the connection from sample significance aspects. In addition, we combine the stability scores with the significance index to provide an auxiliary criterion for the degree of stability, indicating the distance between a sample and the stability boundary. The ultimate goal of the study is to create a tool to generate and evaluate some benchmark datasets for the power system transient stability assessment analysis, so that various algorithms can be tested in a unified and standard platform like computer vision or natural language-processing fields.
Significances of magnetic dipole flow and melting heat transfer over suspended dust particles along with carbon nanotubes
Authors: Alfannakh Huda
Published: August 2022

The current research letter is materialized to examine the combined effect of thermophoretic dust particle diffusion and magnetic dipole flow toward a stretchable sheet. The slip effect is used in the development of the momentum equation. Water is considered as a base fluid, and single-walled carbon nanotubes and multiwalled carbon nanotubes are nanoparticles. The aforementioned rheological model is formulated in the way of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). The structure of nonlinear biformed ordinary differential equations (ODEs) is obtained from the modeled nonlinear PDEs by incorporating valid sameness transformations. The system of ODEs is then figured out by employing the tool of MATLAB function bvp4c. The significant nature of the contributing parameter for both the single-wall and multiwall cases is presented via graphs. From the results, we conclude that an impact of the melting effect, mounting of Pr, reported a thinner thermal boundary layer thickness. Furthermore, a clear rise of nanofluid temperature is noticed for the greater melting M1  parameter. The slip parameter plays a significant role in the enhancement of the velocity profile.
Mechanism design and consumption certification of differentiated green electricity trading: A Zhejiang experience
Authors: Xu Qifeng , Qiao Songbo , Zhou Huijie , Luo Renjie , Ma Xiangyu , Gong Jianrong
Published: August 2022

The carbon neutrality strategy marks that green electricity will replace fossil energy as the main power source in the future power system. The trading varieties in the electricity market will be more diverse, and the demand for green electricity by consumers will grow significantly. This paper innovatively proposes a provincial market framework for voluntary flexible trading of green electricity while elaborating on the conceptual design of differentiated green electricity trading processes in a systematic way for Zhejiang province. The proposed framework can not only reflect the carbon emission reduction attributes of green electricity but also fully exploit its commercial and social values. Moreover, the proposed green electricity trading certificate can realize the authoritative certification of green electricity consumption and help the construction of a carbon traceability mechanism. The proposed trading mechanism is expected to give rise to a new green electricity service industry and deepen the reform of the carbon and electricity synergy mechanism. The experience of green electricity trading in the Zhejiang province is expected to reveal the promotive impact of the electricity market on the carbon neutrality strategy.
Permanent fault identification for distribution network based on characteristic frequency signal injection using power electronic technology
Authors: Zhang Zhihua , Liu Jian , Ren Biying , Ma Yuan
Published: August 2022

In order to identify the fault nature when phase-to-phase short circuit fault occurs in distribution lines and realize adaptive reclosing of distribution lines more accurately, a fault identification scheme using an inverter-based power electronic technology and power supply from stored energy capacitor is proposed in this paper. The corresponding device is designed which is composed of rectification, energy storage and inverters. Supplied by power from high voltage side of distribution transformers, three-phase symmetrical characteristic frequency voltage signals are injected into the de-energized network. Then the fault type can be determined according to the positive sequence resistance of the equivalent network under different fault properties. In this paper, the overall structure diagram of the system scheme is proposed, and the operation sequence of the system is analyzed. The control strategy is designed to maintain the stability of the output voltage. The feasibility and rationality of the proposed scheme are verified by theoretical analysis and simulation results.
RETRACTED: Treatment mechanism of hexavalent chromium wastewater in constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell coupling system
Authors: Shi Yucui , Tang Gang , You Shaohong , Jiang Pingping , Zhang Xuehong , Deng Zhenliang
Published: August 2022

Cr(VI) is toxic to the human body and environment. As a suitable wastewater treatment with low energy requirement technology, constructed wetland-microbial fuel cells (CW-MFCs) can treat Cr(VI) wastewater while generating electricity. In this study, CW-MFC and constructed wetland systems were developed to purify Cr(VI) wastewater. The removal mechanism of Cr(VI) was examined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that the average pollutant removal efficiency of the CW-MFC system is 2.99–8.13% higher than that of the constructed wetland system, and the maximum power density is 505.61 mW m−2. Moreover, the XPS and EPR analyses demonstrated that Cr in substrates and Leersia hexandra Swartz primarily is in the form of Cr(III). Moreover, in plants and substrates, the Cr(III) content of the CW-MFC system was higher than that of the control, and the bioconcentration and translocation factors were 0.23 and 0.05 higher than those in the control group, respectively. Therefore, the CW-MFC system can efficiently remove Cr(VI) and promote the accumulation and transport of Cr. Microbial community diversity in the CW-MFC was significantly higher than CW. The abundance of electrogenic bacteria Geobacter and metal dissimilatory reducing bacteria Acinetobacter in CW-MFC is higher than that in CW. To summarize, the study results provide a theoretical basis for the mechanism study of Cr(VI) wastewater treatment using CW-MFC systems.
Mechanism of human capital influence on household commercial insurance holding behavior—An empirical analysis based on China household finance survey (CHFS) data
Authors: Xie Yu , Zhang Bingbing , Yao Yin , Chen Xiongying , Wang Xinyu
Published: August 2022

In order to better exploit the role of commercial insurance in preventing and mitigating household financial risks and improving social security, this paper explores the influence mechanism of household human capital, a special endowment resource that has potential influence on households’ cognitive and behavioral decisions on commercial insurance, by constructing a structural equation model based on data from the 2017 China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) and introducing its influence on households’ commercial insurance holding behavior. The results show that human capital has a significant positive effect on household commercial insurance holding behavior; financial market participation and risk preference play a part in mediating the relationship between human capital and household commercial insurance holding behavior, with financial market participation playing a greater role. According to the findings of this paper, the government and relevant institutions should increase financial literacy efforts, enhance residents’ correct understanding of commercial insurance and shape a healthy insurance market, so as to promote effective household participation in commercial insurance and the healthy development of China’s commercial insurance market.