bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Main topics
Authors: Bianchi Pamela
Published: February 2023

This chapter provides an in-depth study of the key concepts
that will then be addressed during the research. It first analyses the
state of the art and explores the etymological and ontological history of
the exhibition space over the years. It continues then with the history of
the exhibition, focusing on the distinction between the act of displaying
and the action of decorating. It adds the analysis of some earlier case
studies (such as the transport of the Majesty of Duccio di Buoninsegna, or
Giovanni di Pedrino’s painting The Miracle of the Madonna). The chapter
ends with a study dedicated to the ancient treatises and texts dedicated
to the practices of organising items within a defined space.
(Domestic) Interiors
Authors: Bianchi Pamela
Published: February 2023

This chapter dwells on inner spaces and focuses on the house
as the first space for the exhibition of social self-representation. It insists
on the hybridisation of the public/private dyad and the ancient habit of
“dressing up spaces” to commemorate political, social and religious events.
It traces the dawn of the first exhibition practices in these events. It thus
analyses Italian noble palaces and Dutch burghers’ dwellings. Also, it
discusses the ideas of aesthetic promenade and the performativity of
setting up, the definition of an early museography stemmed from the
desire to educate the visitors’ gaze, on the role of collecting in the evolution
of exhibition practices and the transformation of the architecture of
collecting.
(Public) Exteriors
Authors: Bianchi Pamela
Published: February 2023

This chapter focuses on outer spaces and studies how and why
collections were exhibited in gardens, open arcaded corridors, courtyards
of palaces, and in religious spaces and inside the entire city. The study
proposes the city as a field of experimentation for shaping the ideas of
exhibition space and exhibiting. For churches, cloisters and adjacent
squares, the analysis follows the study traced by Francis Haskell and
considers them at the origin of the history of exhibitions. The chapter
continues with the study of other venues of exhibiting (Italian botteghe,
northern panden, Parisian alternative exhibitions), thus suggesting a
reinterpretation of the spatial and cultural history of seventeenth- and
eighteenth-century society.
Conclusion
Authors: Bianchi Pamela
Published: February 2023

The conclusion starts with the various setups of Botticelli’s
Venus in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, thanks to the study of the
Medici family’s inventories. More than simply a summary, this chapter
rereads Ernst H. Gombrich’s reflections on the theory of visual accents,
and comes to define the concept of psychology of display. It then returns to
all the spaces studied to raise pivotal issue of the book, namely the idea of
exhibition temporality, which goes hand in hand with the ontology inherent
in the act of exhibiting and in the consequent definition of exhibition space.
ANÁLISE DO CONTEÚDO DE BIOTECNOLOGIA EM LIVROS DIDÁTICOS DE CIÊNCIAS DA NATUREZA DO NOVO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Da  Silva Carlos Eduardo Assis , Silva Melissa de Freitas Cordeiro
Published: February 2023

Introdução: A biotecnologia está presente em vários setores da sociedade, desde a manipulação vegetal para a produção de alimentos até pesquisas que buscam desenvolver tratamentos eficazes contra doenças humanas. Logo, sua presença na educação básica e nos livros didáticos é de grande relevância, porém a reforma do Ensino Médio juntamente com a BNCC causou impactos diretos no Programa Nacional do Livro Didático, onde as obras didáticas tiveram seus conteúdos comprimidos. Objetivo: Analisar a abordagem metodológica utilizada nos livros didáticos de ciências da natureza do novo ensino médio, para o ensino de biotecnologia. Metodologia: A presente pesquisa é de cunho qualitativa documental, que analisou cinco livros didáticos de ciências da natureza, aprovados pelo PNLD 2021, mais adotados no estado Espírito Santo pelas escolas das redes estaduais de ensino. Os critérios estabelecidos para a análise foram a contextualização, interdisciplinaridade, linguagem, aplicação social da biotecnologia, recursos visuais, exercícios críticos e assuntos abordados. Resultados: No critério interdisciplinaridade apenas o LD2 fez uso desse recurso, entretanto, no critério de linguagem foi o único que não apresentou este recurso de acordo com o grau de maturidade dos alunos, o LD3 foi o único que não apresentou nenhum exercício crítico e todos os cincos livros didáticos analisados discutiram as aplicações sociais das técnicas biotecnológicas. Conclusão: Conclui-se que nem todos os livros adotados pelas redes de ensino do Espírito Santo cumprem requisitos indicados pelos parâmetros curriculares nacionais do ensino médio, tornando a análise de livros didáticos de grande relevância para aferir a qualidade prestada por estes materiais.
Situation and the need of specialist surgeons working in provincial and district hospitals by ecological regions throughout Vietnam
Authors: Đoàn Quốc Hưng ,   Duong Dai Ha, Quach Van Kien, Do Van Minh, Le Duc Tam, Nguyen Viet Duc, Nguyen Duy Gia, Nguyen The Hiep, Ha Van Quy, Do Thi Thanh Toan, Nguyen Thi Thu Huong, Le Dinh Luyen, Hoang Thi Hai Van, Le Minh Giang
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Surgical pathologies account for 28-32% of the global disease burden, however human resource in surgery (surgical workforce) is still not good enough. The study aimed to describe the current situation and the need of specialist surgeons for working in provincial and district hospitals by representation of ecological regions (ecoregions).
Patients and methods: A cross-sectional study has conducted in 7 provinces/cities with 27 hospitals.
Results: The current number of surgeons was mostly distributed for the Coastal and Southern Central regions accounted for 23.3%; in Red River Delta was 22.3%. The need for surgeons for the Central Coast and South-Central region (30.6%) was the highest, but its lowest in the Central Highlands region for 2025. The distribution of surgical workforce according to the hospital classification categories showed that the surgeons commonly work in provincial level (81.1%). The need for surgeons for provincial hospitals was the highest as 78.4%.
Conclusion: The distribution of surgical workforce was unbalanced among ecoregions, especially there was a shortage of specialist surgeons such as neurosurgeons, cardiovascular and pediatric surgeons. It is recommended to support in-depth training in professional knowledge and skills and prioritize short-term, more practical types.
Keywords: Human resource situation, human resource needs, demand for doctors, surgeons
Factors affecting range of motion after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Nguyễn Văn Học , Nguyễn Mạnh Khánh
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Range of motion after total knee arthroplasty is an important clinical outcome. Decreasing range of motion can lead to limit activity level as well as patient satisfaction. This study sought to determine the factors affecting range of motion after total knee arthroplasty.
Patients and methods: The retrospective descriptive of 50 patient (54 knees) were operated for total knee arthroplasty from 10/2016 to 10/2019.
Results: The average follow-up time was 24 months (12-36 months). The postoperative average range of motion was 108,6 7,6, 100% patients were more than 90 and there are no cases that loss of extention.
Conclusion: The preoperative knee deformity, compliance with rehabilitation procedures and surgical technique are the most influential factors.
Keywords: Knee range of motion, total knee arthroplasty.
Results of surgical treatment for recurrent differentiated thyroid cancer at National Hospital of Endocrinology
Authors: Phan Hoàng Hiệp ,   Pham Ba Tuan, Dinh Van Truc
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction: To evaluate the results of surgical treatment for recurrent differentiated thyroid cancer.
Patients and methods: Descriptive study of 82 recurrent differentiated thyroid cancer patients underwent re-operated at National Hospital of Endocrinology from 2017 to 2020.
Results: Mean age 44.2 ± 12.6 years, female/male = 3.3 / 1. Median recurrence times was 25 months. Patients detected the disease through regular health check was 82.9%. Physical examination revealed lesions 31,7%. Ultrasound revealed lesions 97.6%. Tg positive 81.7%, median 33.2; Anti-Tg positive 20.7%, median 22.6. Whole-body Scintigraphy was positive 47.6%. PET/CT positive 100%. Surgical techniques: Total thyroidectomy + cervical lymph nodes dissection accounted for 9.8%; cervical lymph nodes dissection only accounted for 90.2%. Location of cervical lymph node dissection: Central dissection 18.3%; lateral dissection 51.2%; Central & lateral lymph nodes dissection accounted for 30.5%. The rate of invasion of recurrent block accounted for 23.2%. Complications that occurred during surgery including: major vascular injury 2.4%; laryngeal nerve injury 2.4%, tracheal injury 1.2%, parathyroid glands injury 3.6%, lymphatic vascular injury 6.1% were managed immediately during surgery. Post-surgical complications: bleeding 1.2%; respiratory failure 1.2%; hoarseness 3.6%; Hypocalcemia 11.0%; Hematoma 3.6%; Chyle leak 7.3%, in which 1 case (1.2%) had to have stitches sutured. Vocal fold paralysis after in 3 months later (2.4%) and 1 case hypoparathyroidism (1.2%); Tg positive 70.7%, median 14.3. Anti–Tg positive 13.4%, median 16.2. 18.3% of patients treated with hormone only; 81.7% of patients treated with I131.
Conclusion: Surgery is a safe and effective treatment for recurrent differentiated thyroid cancer.
Keywords: Recurrent differentiated thyroid cancer, lymph node neck dissection
Immediate reconstruction of the breast with implants and prolene mesh for early breast cancer
Authors: Huỳnh Quang Khánh ,   Tran Le Bao Chau, Nguyen Van Khoi
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Several techniques are available today for immediate breast reconstruction after mastectomy for breast cancer in early stage and the choice depends on patient condition, experience and surgeon skills. It is possible to use a definitive implant or a muscle flap to reconstruct breast, this procedure was performed under general anesthesia and immediately following a total mastectomy. While using a tissue expander requires two surgical procedures.
Patients and methods: We study a series of patients with early breast cancer who underwent total mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction with implants in a submuscular pocket created beneath the pectoralis major muscle and prolene mesh. The study has conducted at the Breast Department – Oncology Center of Cho Ray Hospital from 04/2020 to 04/2021.
Results: There were 25 patients with early breast cancer (Stage 0: 6 cases, Stage IA: 2 cases, Stage IIA: 17 cases), in which, two cases had neoadjuvant therapy. A total of 17 nipple-sparing mastectomy reconstructions and 8 skin-sparing mastectomy reconstructions were performed during the study period. Mean age were 45,4 ± 9,2 years old (from 30 to 63). Mean operation time were 239 ± 26,4 minutes. No major complications were recorded. There is one case with skin redness and one case with partial nipple ischemia, these cases were stable when discharging from the hospital. In cosmetic aspect, results were excellent achieved 20% and good 80% respectivelly. The patients had been follow-up and treated with multi disciplinary specialty consultant after surgery, no case needs adjuvant radiotherapy. No recurrence or distal metastasis was recorded.
Conclusion: Mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction with implant in early breast cancer is feasible with strict condition. However, further studies with a larger sampling size and a follow-up are necessary to draw more validated conclusions.
Keywords: breast cancer, immediate breast reconstruction.
Functional end to end esophagojejunostomy without previous resection of esophagus and jejunum by linear stapler in the totally laparoscopic gastrectomy: Experience in 106 patients
Authors: Đinh Văn Chiến ,   Nguyen Van Huong
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction: We aimed to evaluate the outcomes of the technique of functional end-to-end esophagojejunostomy by linear stapler without previous resection of the esophagus and jejunum in the totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy (TLTG) and report experience in 106 patients.
Patients and methods: A prospective observational study on patients received technique of functional end-to-end esophagojejunostomy by linear stapler without previous resection of esophagus and jejunum in TLTG between July 2017 and July 2022.
Results: We included 106 patients with a mean age of 63.2 ± 11.7 (26 – 88). 10.4% of patients having tumors in the upper third of the stomach and 88.7% of patients having tumors in the middle of the stomach. There were 4.7% of cases having incidents during the surgery and 3.6% of cases having complications after the surgery. There were 2 (1.8%) cases of technical errors in making functional end to end esophagojejunostomy during surgery. No anastomotic leakage or death was observed after the surgery. The operation time was 201.5 ± 29.0 (145 - 270) minutes. The mean hospital stay was 7.56 ± 2.23 (5 - 15) days. 04 (3.6%) cases of reflux esophagitis, and 03 (2.7%) mild stenosis of the anastomosis after surgery, and 1 (0.9%) recurrence at the anastomosis after surgery.
Conclusion:The technique of functional end-to-end esophagojejunostomy by linear stapler without previous resection of esophagus and jejunum was safe and effective in TLTG.
Keywords: Esophagojejunostomy in laparoscopy, The technique of functional end-to-end.
Result of surgical treatment for pancreatic head cancer
Authors: Phạm Hoàng Hà ,   Tong Quang Hieu, Pham Quang Thai, Pham Ba An
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for pancreatic head cancer for improvement of patient survival. Studies in Vietnam have focused less on survival after surgery. Therefore, we conducted a study to evaluate the results of surgical treatment of pancreatic head cancer at Viet Duc Hospital.
Patients and methods: A Retrospective study of patients with pancreatic head cancer have been operated at Viet Duc University Hospital from 01/2014 to 12/2015.
Results: There were 83 pancreatic head cancer patients operated at Viet Duc hospital. The mean age was 57.7 ± 11.5 (age), male and female were 57.8% and 42.2%, respectively. 18.1% of patients had malnutrition before surgery; The rate of tumor resection (Whipple procedure) was 57.9%. The rate of bypass was 36.1%, the rate of exploratory surgery was 6%. The postoperative complications were bleeding, pancreatic leak, Choledochojejunostomy leak accounted for 6%; 3.6% and 1.2%, respectively. The postoperative mortality rate was 2.4%. The mean overall survival time was 12.35 ± 1.36 months; survival rate after 2 years is 20.3%. Factors such as resection of pancreatic head tumor, no lymph node metastasis, and no distant metastasis all increased the patient's survival time (p<0.05)
Conclusion: Surgical treatment of pancreatic head cancer is feasible and safe; and pancreaticoduodenectomy increase the patient's survival time
Keywords: pancreatic head cancer, whipple procedure, pancreaticoduodenectomy
Tiempos modernos
Authors: Alfier Alessandro
Published: February 2023

La fluidez de los tiempos modernos también se establece con el empleo de la tecnología blockchain para crear un nuevo paradigma de confianza al servicio de las relaciones sociales. Por lo tanto, el artículo persigue resaltar cómo el blockchain intenta reemplazar el paradigma tradicional de la confianza, que se basa en dos elementos esenciales: el papel atribuido a las autoridades públicas y el recurso, por su parte, a archivos y registros públicos. Estos últimos surgieron como instrumentos tradicionales de confianza documental, es decir como herramientas con las que se podía disponer de documentos que transmitían contenidos veraces y fidedignos y que así constituían la base de las relaciones sociales. El estudio, al analizar esta fluidez que cuestiona el antiguo paradigma de confianza, destaca un riesgo: el uso de las nuevas tecnologías por parte del blockchain trae consigo una visión simplificada, en la que el concepto de confianza se identifica solo con la noción de integridad de la información, olvidando que el mismo concepto también se alimenta de la noción de veracidad de la información. Una cualidad que viene garantizada por los procesos llevados a cabo por los poderes soberanos precisamente a través del recurso a los archivos y registros públicos.

The fluidity of modern times is also realized as blockchain technology use, to create a new paradigm of trust for the construction of social relations. The essay therefore aims to highlight how the blockchain intends to replace the traditional paradigm of trust which rests on two essential elements: the role attributed to public authorities and their use of archives and public registers. So the latter emerge as traditional tools of documentary trust, with which it is possible to create records that convey truthful contents, absolutely necessary for social relations. The essay, in analisying this fluidity that questions the ancient paradigm of trust, highlights a precise risk: the use of blockchain technologies is accompanied by a simplified vision, in which the concept of trust is only identified with the notion of information integrity, forgetting that the same concept is also based on the notion of information truthfulness, a quality guaranteed by the processes carried out by the sovereign powers precisely through the use of archives and public registers.
Inteligencia artificial en los archivos
Authors: Barnard Amozurrutia Alicia , Bernal Astorga Yaminel , Cuéllar Hidalgo Rodrigo , Escoto Velázquez Claudia Alin , García-Velázquez Luis Miguel
Published: February 2023

Se ofrece una aproximación a la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) desde la archivística, así como a su uso para el tratamiento automatizado de datos desde la perspectiva ética y las disposiciones normativas. A continuación, se describe la situación de los archivos en México en función de las posibilidades para la implementación de IA. Se presenta enseguida el proyecto InterPARES Trust AI,[i] que proporciona el marco de análisis para un caso de estudio: el desarrollo de una inteligencia artificial para protección de datos personales en expedientes clínicos realizado en México.[ii] A partir de los hallazgos en este proyecto, se proponen directrices para el diseño de IA en el entorno de los archivos, en particular, para la protección de datos personales.

An approach to AI from archival science is offered, as well as its use in data processing from an ethical perspective and regulatory provisions. Next, the situation of the archives in Mexico is described based on the possibilities for the implementation of IA. Subsequently, the InterPARES Trust AI project is presented, which provides the analysis framework for a case study: the development of an artificial intelligence for the protection of personal data in clinical records carried out in Mexico. Based on the findings in this project, guidelines are proposed for the design of AI in the archive environment for the protection of personal data.
Aproximación al valor legal probatorio de los documentos electrónicos
Authors: Herrero Pombo César
Published: February 2023

Si el marco regulatorio se centra en el documento, parece necesario ofrecer pequeñas orientaciones respecto al valor legal probatorio de los documentos administrativos, al menos mientras no se superen ciertos atavismos de papel y prevalezcan determinadas garantías de la preservación centradas en los esquemas estructurados de metadatos y la firma electrónica subyaciendo o envolviendo al contenido.

If the regulatory framework focuses on the document, it seems necessary to offer little guidance regarding the evidentiary legal value of administrative documents, at least while certain atavisms of paper are not overcome and certain preservation guarantees prevail focused on structured metadata schemes and the electronic signature underlying or wrapping the content.
¿Nuevos archivos, nuevas memorias?
Authors: Andaur Gómez Gabriela
Published: February 2023

En el contexto chileno, donde el desarrollo archivístico es aún incipiente, parece tomar forma una tendencia hacia la generación de iniciativas de rescate documental y conformación de archivos por parte de distintas agrupaciones y sectores de la sociedad. En este artículo, se presentan indicios de este aparente fenómeno, a través de tres casos particulares. Para su abordaje, se incorporan elementos teóricos y reflexiones desde la archivística y otras disciplinas, que vinculan a los archivos con procesos de construcción de memorias. Finalmente, se delinean algunos rasgos generales de este fenómeno y se plantean preguntas que podrían contribuir a su comprensión, en beneficio de la preservación hacia el futuro de un registro más diverso de la sociedad actual.

In the Chilean context, archival practice is still in a phase of early development. However, it is possible to observe a trend toward the generation of initiatives for safeguarding records and creating archives by different groups and sectors of society. This article presents three cases that seem to prove this apparent phenomenon. Theoretical elements and reflections from archival science and other disciplines which have linked archives with processes of memory formation are incorporated. Also, the article outlines some general characteristics observed in the cases described. Finally, it presents new questions that arise, which, if responded to, could contribute to effectively preserving a more diverse record of today's society.
Alberto Peña, MD, FAAP, FACS, FRCS (England), FRCS (Edinburgh)
Authors: Peña Alberto
Published: February 2023

ACADEMIC TITLE AND ADDRESSClinical Professor of Surgery. University of Cincinnati College of MedicineFounder Director Colorectal Center for ChildrenCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineDivision of Pediatric Surgery, ML 2023, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229Phone (513) 636-3240, Fax: (513) 636-3248, Mobile : (513) 8072353 e-mail:alberto.pena@cchmc.org
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Tackling Covid-19 (A Review)
Authors:   Department of Electrical Engineering, Government Engineering College, Keonjhar, Odisha, India, Panda Smrutirekha
Published: February 2023

This paper investigates how Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be used to combat the Covid 19 epidemic. The article first introduces the benefits of AI and how it has been used to aid people during the pandemic. The history of the Covid-19 pandemic is laid out, and AI technology is introduced. It then examines the responses to the pandemic and its effects on the economy and society. The research uses a qualitative methodology, which entailed looking at original documents and supplementary materials like scholarly articles and books about the subject. The paper used this method to determine how various forms of artificial intelligence could combat Covid 19. Among these were improvements to vaccines and medications and the ability to detect and identify infections, manage their remediation, keep track of individuals' contacts, predict mortality rates, and calculate them. Additionally, the paper explored how AI technology has affected disease prevention efforts and how further study of AI could benefit healthcare. After observing the effectiveness of AI technologies in halting the spread of the Covid 19 pandemic, the authors concluded that more study was required to fully grasp the long-term effects of AI technology in healthcare and its ethical implications.
Economic Abuse in the Domestic Violence Context: Towards a Comprehensive Solution at the Federal and State Level
Authors: Tia Thomas
Published: February 2023

Economic abuse is an extremely common, yet often overlooked aspect of domestic violence. Economic abuse can affect every aspect of a survivor’s life, often limiting their ability to obtain an education and maintain employment.1 Although the federal government has passed several laws addressing domestic violence, these laws have only recently begun to address economic abuse and are mainly meant to provide civil support for survivors. Similarly, many states do not yet have criminal laws addressing the problem of economic abuse in the domestic violence context. Even with increased recognition at the federal level, there is still much that must be done to ensure that survivors of economic abuse receive the support they need and are able to hold their abusers accountable. Given that current legislation (at least on the federal level) provides civil support to survivors of both physical and economic forms of domestic violence, this Note focuses on criminal solutions and recommends that federal and state actors implement laws criminalizing economic abuse in the domestic violence context.
Patient Characteristics and Prevalence of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) V16A MnSOD Gene in Diabetic Retinopathy Patients at RSUP Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Denpasar Bali
Authors: Putri Perdana Andhika , Wihandani Desak Made , Eka Darwinata Agus
Published: February 2023

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) caused by hyperglycemia and oxidative stress that is prevalent to the blindness risk. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene affect the oxidative damage and progression of DR severity. This study aims to determine the association of patient characteristics on the severity and prevalence of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) V16A in the MnSOD gene in DR patients at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Denpasar Bali.
Twelve (12) subjects with Non-Proliferative DR and 21 subjects with Proliferative DR were enrolled. Patient characteristics (age, T2DM duration, BMI, blood pressure) were associated to the DR severity using cross-sectional analytic study. While to detect the status of the SNP V16A MnSOD gene using descriptive experimental study. DNA segment amplification was performed using the PCR method, sequencing was performed to detect the base pattern at the location of the SNP.
A domination of the VV genotype in the SNP V16A MnSOD gene was present in all subjects (100%). The majority of subjects were female (51,5%), age range 40-65 years (84,9%), T2DM duration <10 years (60,6%), normal BMI (60,6%). Blood pressure was dominated with non hypertension 60,6%, with a history of oral anti hypertensive. No significant association was found between patient characteristics and the DR severity (p<0,05).
We may conclude that wildtype variant (VV) SNP V16A MnSOD gene was dominated in this finding. There is no significant association between patient characteristics and the severity of DR in Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Denpasar Bali.

Keywords: Diabetic Retinopathy, MnSOD gene, SNP V16A
Dystrophic Calcified Mass Found in the Semimembranosus Muscle in a Cadaver:
A Case Report
Authors: Ravishankar M.V. , Shivnal Uma , H N Manjunatha
Published: February 2023

Most of the soft tissue calcified mass formations are sporadic incidences that occur in an idiopathic form. Ectopic calcification changes were seen in various soft tissues beyond the skeleton. They are often asymptomatic masses located in the superficial or deeper aspect of the body, but may not be related to the bone directly. Increased levels of serum calcium, phosphate, or Vitamin D hypervitaminosis may be associated with the calcification process, causing mass accretion in the tissues like bones of limbs, and cranium, or showing some dental abnormalities. During the routine dissection of the hamstring compartment of the left lower limb in a male cadaver aged around 70 years in the Department of Anatomy, we noticed nodular fragments and lengthy slender pieces, which were hard in consistency and bony in its appearance found within the semimembranosus muscle. The histopathology of these masses was revealed as “Dystrophic Calcified Masses”. A holistic description of calcification changes in the soft tissues will be considered in the article.

Keywords: calcification, dystrophy, hypervitaminosis
Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Otitis Media and Its Prevention among Mothers of Under Five Children: A Pre-Experimental Study
Authors: Ramtel Tara , Rana Kamala , Shrestha Bhawana
Published: February 2023

Background: Otitis media is the inflammation of the middle ear. Every year, over 700 million people get otitis media. Otitis media-related hearing loss nearly doubles in children aged 1 to 5 years1. Most affected people live in low-income countries, including Nepal.
Methods:A pre-experimental one-group pre-test post-test design was used to assess the effectiveness of the structural teaching programme (STP) on otitis media and its prevention. A purposive sampling technique was used. The study included 120 mothers of under-five children residing in the rural community of Lalitpur, Nepal. For respondents who could read, write, a structured knowledge questionnaire was distributed, and for those who could not, interviews were conducted.
Results: The mean pre-test knowledge score was 44.2% (SD 9.3%), whereas the mean post-test knowledge score was 85.8% (7.8 %.), and the enhancement mean knowledge was 41.6% (SD 9.7%). When a paired t-test was done, the obtained value of 33.22 was found to be significant at 0.05. A significant association was found between respondents' pretest knowledge levels of otitis media and its prevention and socio-demographic variables such as age, type of family, the number of children, education status, occupation, monthly income, and whether they had heard about it before.
Conclusion: The majority of the participants had inadequate knowledge about otitis media and its prevention. The mean pre-test and post-test knowledge scores of respondents differed significantly. As a result, the study found that STP was effective.

Keywords: effectiveness, structural teaching programme, knowledge, mothers of under five children.
Application of the Project Based Learning Model to Improve 21st Century Competence 4C
Authors: Muchson Mochamad
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this research was to analyze the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model in the Economics Learning Strategy and Innovation course to improve the abilities or competencies of 21st century 4C of the students. The research method was descriptive, the research sample was 16 students who were divided into 5 groups, the research instrument used were project assessment (group) and 4C observation assessment (individual), data collection techniques used were project performance (group) and 4C observation guidelines (individual assessment rubric).
The results found that the project score was 95 and the 21st century competency value was an average of 95. The stages of project based learning were able to improve 21st century 4C skills, as the followings: 1) The big question: Critical thinking and problem solving, Creativity thinking and innovation, Communication, Collaboration , 2) Designed a plan for project: Critical thinking and problem solving, Creativity thinking and innovation, Communication, Collaboration, 3) Created a schedule: Communication, Collaboration, 4) Monitored the students and the progress of the project: Critical thinking and problem solving, Creativity thinking and innovation, Communication, Collaboration, 5) Assessed the outcome: Communication, Collaboration, 6) Evaluated the experience: Communication.

Keywords: [Project Based Learning, 21st Century Skills 4C]
The Three Epochs of Education: Outlining Mary Wollstonecraft, Maria Montessori and Nel Noddings
Authors: Adhikari Anasuya , Saha Birbal
Published: February 2023

Every country is currently concerned with education since it alone has the power to create a new world and offer up possibilities for positive outcomes. Three notable female educators from three separate eras who contributed to the advancement of education in the west have been recognised. Through their quick work in education, Mary Wollstonecraft (1759–1797), Maria Montessori (1870–1952), and Nel Noddings (1929–2022) have brought important concerns relating to women and children's education to light. These three women educators were connected by their interest in education despite being born in various eras and regions of the world. In this paper the researchers have tried to bring the educational thoughts of these iconic educationalists into one frame, making it a comprehensive study of educators from different eras.

Keywords: Mary Wollstonecraft, Maria Montessori, Nel Noddings, Education, Women Educators
Tendency of Lampung Language Users in Adolescents in Communicating: A Case Study in Lampung, Indonesia
Authors: Lestari Nani , . Sudjarwo , M. Sinaga Risma
Published: February 2023

The cultural diversity of the community in Lampung, especially in Kalianda District, has an impact on the continuity of the indigenous Lampung community itself. One of the impacts is the fading use of the indigenous language of the Lampung region. The objectives of this study are (1) analyzing the tendency to use Lampung language as a means of communication in adolescents in Kalianda District, South Lampung; (2) the tendency to use Lampung language as a means of communication in adolescents in the family, in peers, and in schools. This research approach is a qualitative approach with case study methods, data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The results of this study show (1) The tendency to use the Lampung language as a means of communication in Kalianda District, has shifted and faded; (2) Lampung language in the family environment is still used to communicate, while in peers, it is not used by adolescents and even they are more likely to use Indonesian mixed with slang, and for school, adolescents tend to choose standard and non-standard Indonesian.

Keywords: Regional Language, Youth, Communication
Morphometric and Topographic Study of Nutrient Foramen in Human Clavicle in North India
Authors: Akhtar Zeenat , Kour Sahni Manjote , Khanam Farida
Published: February 2023

Background& Aims: The Clavicle also known as Collar bone is the only long bone of the human skeleton which is placed horizontally. The vascularized bone like clavicle helps principally in bone grafting and joint allograft. The morphometrical and topographical knowledge of nutrient foramina is very important in surgical and orthopaedical procedures. The aim of this study is to determine the number, position, location and direction of nutrient foramen in human clavicle bones.
Material and methods: The present study was conducted on 60 human dry adult clavicle bones of unknown age and sex, which were obtained from the Department of Anatomy, Govt Medical college, Jammu.
Results: The nutrient foramen was present in all 60 (100%) clavicle bones. One nutrient foramen was present in 63.3%, two in 28.3% and three in 8.3% of clavicles. Total 87 nutrient foramina were observed in our study. The nutrient foramina were predominantly located in the middle 1/3rd of the clavicle bones. In addition, the predominant position of nutrient foramen was on inferior surface of clavicle. The direction of nutrient foramina in all clavicle bones was towards the acromial end in present study.
Conclusion: The knowledge of nutrient foramina is very important in surgical and orthopaedical procedures like bone grafting and more recently in microsurgical vascularised bone transplantation.

Keywords: Morphometric and topographic study, nutrient foramen, human clavicle
Outcome of Patients with Right Ventricular Infarction in Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Singh Bagal Rohit , Qayoom Ouber , Choudhary Ritika
Published: February 2023

NTRODUCTION: IWMI is associated with increased risk of death, shock, ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation and atrioventricular block (AVB), and a higher mortality rate for the first month post MI in patients with RVMI.
AIMS & OBJECTIVES: To study the complications and in-hospital mortality in IWMI with RVMI.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 100 patients of IWMI were recruited and screened for RVMI and complications and in-hospital mortality was recorded. RESULTS; It was observed that patients with IWMI had CHD, more commonly in RVI (7.14%) as compared with NRVI group (1.38%). Bradyarrhythmia was found in 7 cases (25%) in RVI group as compared to 3 (4.16%) in NRVI group which was statistically significant. (p= 0.002). A high mortality of 10.71% was observed in RVI group as compared to 2.77% in NRVI group (p= 0.05).
DISCUSSION: In the present study, prevalence of CHB and second-degree AV block was found to be 4% and 3%, respectively, among patients with IWMI, which is lower than earlier studies. In the present study, 1 patient presented with cardiogenic shock, in each group of IWMI. In our study, total in-hospital mortality in IWMI was found to be 5%, which is less than reported prevalence.
CONCLUSION: RVMI in IWMI is associated with some increased complications especially high degree AV block and CHB which harbour increased mortality.

Keywords: Right Ventricular Myocardial Infarction (RVMI), Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction (IWMI), Atrioventricular block (AVB), Complete Heart Block (CHB), Right Ventricular Infarction (RVI). Non Right Ventricular Infarction (NRVI).
Hand Injuries at Work: Causes, Spectrum and Management
Authors: Khurshid Junaid , Farooq Baba Umar , Rashid Zargar Haroon
Published: February 2023

Background: Hand injuries are common and an increased surge has been seen secondary to the use of machines.The spectrum of injuries is wide ranging from injuries requiring few stitches to requiring specific reconstructive procedures such as skin grafting, pedicled flaps to free flaps or amputations depending on severity and pattern of injury.
Methods: This was a hospital-based single-arm prospective study conducted in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery for 3 years. 46 patients were included.Each record was analyzed as per the etiology, the treatment received, the reconstructive procedures done, and the functional and aesthetic outcomes.
Results: Most of the affected individuals were young, the mean age of the patients was found to be 23 years. Among the injured 85% were males. The dominant hand (right hand) was more frequently injured in 74% of cases. In total 18 patients had some of the affected areas amputated; this included formalization of traumatic amputations. It is also significant that twelve patients underwent revascularization and four reimplantations. Twelve patients underwent groin flaps as a primary or delayed primary in the same admission. Ten patients required split skin grafting and three. Two patients were managed with FDMA flap for thumb defect, one patient was managed with reverse radial forearm flap for compound defect dorsum of thumb, and another with free lateral arm flap for compound defect of thumb.
Conclusion: The management of machine injuries of the upper limb and hand requires specific and unique methods of treatment. A "reconstructive ladder" of techniques was utilized, ranging from "simple" (e.g., direct closure, skin grafts, and local flaps) to "complex" (free flaps, toe-to-thumb transfer) procedures. The individual procedure selected is the most straightforward, consistent with expediency and early return of a functional hand. The return of these hands to function has been facilitated by recent advances in tissue assessment, free tissue transfer, and skilled hand therapy.

Keywords: Dominant hand, machine injury, band saw, brush cutter, rotator drill.
A Rare Case of Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia
Authors: Varuna Sugha , Sapna Bharti
Published: February 2023

This case repost discusses clinical and biochemical features of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, a rare entity which leads to significant morbidity and multisystem manifestation in children.The diagnosis ,differentials, treatment and complications are discussed. The role of FGF 23 in the pathogenesis of the disease is briefly discussed. This case description would improve the understanding of the clinical presentation as well as the diagnosis and treatment of fibrous dysplasia.

Keywords: polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, FGF 23, hypophosphatemia
A Case of Turner Syndrome Presenting as Short Stature
Authors: Varuna Sugha , Sapna Bharti
Published: February 2023

Turner syndrome has an incidence of 1 in 2500 female births. Clinical signs such as short stature, lymphoedema and delayed puberty, are common reasons for screening for Turner syndrome. We present a 10-year-old female with short stature. The diagnosis was confirmed by the patient’s karyotype (45, XO). Physicians must be able to suspect Turner syndrome in order to make an early diagnosis, refer, and manage affected children for optimal growth and development.

Keywords: Turner syndrome, short stature, Growth hormone
Use of Personal Protective Equipment for Health Complaints of Waste Transportation Officers in Mamuju Regency
Authors: Akbar Fajar , Chairani H Miftah , Widya Ekhi
Published: February 2023

Background: Personal hygiene is an important factor because if there is a problem with personal hygiene it will have an impact on one's health. The body will be susceptible to diseases such as skin diseases, infectious diseases, oral diseases and digestive tract diseases
Purpose: this study aims to determine the relationship between the use of protective equipment by waste collectors on health complaints in Mamuju district
Method: the research design used in this study was a cross-sectional study. The respondents in this study were garbage collectors in Mamuju Regency, totaling 124 respondents
Results: The test results show that the test of the relationship between the use of masks and the incidence of flu/cough by respondents has a p value of 0.80 > 0.05. while the relationship test of the use of protective clothing against complaints of itching has a p value of 0.52.
Conclusion: There is no relationship between the use of masks while working on the incidence of flu/cough, as well as the use of protective clothing against the incidence of itching among garbage collectors in Mamuju district in 2022.

Keywords: Personal protective equipment, health, complaints
A Rare Case of Tropical Pyomyositis
Authors: Varuna Sugha
Published: February 2023

Tropical myositis is a primary muscle abscess arising within the skeletal muscle which strictly excludes intermuscular abscesses, abscesses extending from adjoining bone/subcutaneous tissues, and those secondary to previous septicemia. The purpose of the case report is to bring awareness for tropical pyomyositis and the importance of early detection and culture-guided initiation of IV antibiotics for salvaging adjoining joints and prevention of other complications such as deep venous thrombosis and septic emboli, metastatic abscesses and dissemination, septicemia and septic shock and toxic shock syndrome.

Keywords: Tropical pyomyositis, abscess, antibiotics
A Comparative Study Evaluating the Effects of Crestal Bone Change Following Immediate and Delayed Implant Placement
Authors: Hameed Udfer , Kour Navneet , Sehar Kousain
Published: February 2023

For the rehabilitation of the single-tooth space, a number of prosthodontic techniques have been known and are well established. Fixed and removable partial dentures being the easiest are associated with the major drawbacks of loss of tooth structure and vitality. Though replaced by implant supported rehabilitations, crestal bone loss has been reported as the one of the major factor affecting the long term prognosis. Thus the main aim of the study was to assess and compare the reverberations of immediate and delayed placement of implant on crestal bone height. Material and methodology: 30 patients aged between 18-60 years were selected on the basis of inclusion criteria and divided randomly into two groups of 15 each. In Group A immediate implant placement was done while in Group B delayed implant placement was done. In both the groups, Crestal bone height (Buccolingual width + interproximal height), keratinized mucosa index, Jemt papilla fill index, Plaque index, Gingival index and Periodontal attachment levels were analyzed at baseline, after 3, 6 and 12 months. Results: The parameters were recorded and analyzed statistically. Categorical values were analyzed using mean, frequency and percentage while descriptive analysis was done using student t test. It was observed that mean changes in crestal bone height, papilla filled index, periodontal attachment levels, gingival and plaque index was statistically significant in both the groups from baseline to 12 months, while keratinized mucosa index represented no change between the two groups. Conclusion: The study came to the conclusion that placing an immediate implant rather than a delayed should be significantly preferred. Though in immediate implant placement, crestal bone is preserved and gingival architecture is prevented from collapsing along with time of treatment, preservation of aesthetics and patient comfort being the other major advantages.

Keywords: Aesthetics, Crestal Bone Height, Delayed Implant, Extraction Socket, Immediate Implant, Periodontal Parameters.
The Role of Manufacturing and Service Exports in Ethiopia’s Economic Growth Performance
Authors: Lakew Degena Telgel
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of manufacturing and service exports in Ethiopia’s economic growth performance from 1995 until 2018. To accomplish the objective, the study developed two versions of an augmented Solow’s (1956) model. Both versions include manufacturing and service exports as potential determinants of total factor productivity (TFF). However, the first version proxies physical capital accumulation with the investment rate, and the second version uses capital per worker. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing results of the first version suggest that there is no long-run relationship among the variables. Moreover, the investment ratio and labour force growth rate variables are statistically insignificant, which contradicts the theoretical predictions of the Solow model. On the other hand, the second version of the Solow model with capital per worker shows evidence of a long-run cointegrating relationship among the variables which support the manufacturing export-led growth hypothesis in Ethiopia, in which manufacturing exports are statistically significant, while service exports are statistically insignificant in the long run. Conversely, the results of the first version show that capital per worker has a positive and significant effect on Ethiopia’s economic growth performance. Overall, the main findings suggest that the Ethiopian government should strengthen current policies that emphasize manufacturing exports and maintain high investment rates in physical capital.