bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transition of Septo-Hippocampal Network Modes between Theta and Non-Theta States
Authors: Mysin Ivan , Shubina Liubov
Published: May 2022

Hippocampus plays a crucial role in spatial and episodic memory. The acquisition of new memories is impossible without participation of the hippocampus. There are two main functional states or “modes” of the hippocampal activity, theta and non-theta state. They have different behavioral correlates and clearly different spectral content of the LFPs and neuronal spiking. Hippocampal theta state is present under active exploratory behavior, locomotion, cognitive situations requiring attention and REM sleep. Slow-wave sleep and quiet wakefulness (immobility, eating, grooming) represent the non-theta hippocampal state. The nodal point for the regulation of hippocampal activity is the MS. The activation or suppression of different types of MS cells appears to be responsible for controlling hippocampal theta and non-theta states. Functional coupling between MS neurons and hippocampal interneurons varies in a state-dependent manner.
Cognitive investigation of the complex systems behavior using medical objects as an example
Authors: Kotov Yurij Borisovich , Guryeva Vera Maratovna , Semenova Tatiana Alekseevna
Published: May 2022

The article gives a brief review of mathematical methods developed to study the behavior of open and nonequilibrium physical systems. Some results of these methods are used in medical field. Three-valued logic, nonparametric and nonnumerical statistics applied to medical data processing. To compare nonnumerical sets, the authors have introduced a measure of their proximity, called indistinguishability. The proposed data processing method in open systems, the “logical symptoms method”, is provided by the author's computer programs complex and can be used in other fields of science.
On the way to a strong AI: Socio-philosophical problems
Authors: Voitsekhovich Viacheslav Emerikovich , Volnov Ilja Nikolaevich , Malinetskii Georgii Gennadyevich
Published: May 2022

The authors define the concepts of consciousness, mind, reason, intellect. The most important properties of consciousness: understanding of the self, reflection, freedom, creativity. Mind is the ability to understand the absolute. Reason is the ability to understand the relative. Intellect is the ability of a subject to solve by rational and logical methods a wide class of tasks related to the life of the subject. Types of artificial intelligence (AI): weak, strong, super-strong AI. Problems that arise on the way of turning a weak AI into a strong one: freedom, trust, alienation. The main problem is freedom. It is the actualization of potencies (G. Hegel). There are two types of intellect possible: having freedom (human) and not having it (weak AI based on an algorithm). If a strong AI is reduced to an algorithm, then it will not gain freedom, it will not grow to reason. If a weak AI evolves, mutates, it will become independent, gain freedom and subsequently grow to reason and spiritual life. For the emergence of freedom, an evolving AI must have a different substantial basis and thinking (primarily mathematics). The substance must be mobile and capable of random changes. The basis of randomness is the microcosm. The functioning of AI should be based on the mathematics of mobile concepts and logic based on the generalized law of identity. The second problem of creating a strong AI is the problem of trust. Sometimes weak AI leads to wrong decisions, which leads to dangerous mistakes in economics, politics, and the military field. To avoid risk and trust AI, it is necessary to make the AI's work understandable to humans. The third problem is alienation. Technology (especially AI) becomes more complicated and becomes independent of the person, of the decision makers. It invades culture imperceptibly and replaces the human with the inhuman. A strong AI will become friendly towards a person if it follows the highest spiritual values (truth, goodness, beauty, love ...).
HTML format for scientific publication
Authors: Gorbunov-Possadov Mikhail Mikhailovich
Published: May 2022

Before our eyes, there is a gradual transition from the PDF format, which has long served as the main way of online presentation of scientific publications, to the HTML format. The new possibilities of presenting a bibliography and referring to a bibliographic record, including dynamic attributes such as the number of references to it and the number of visits, dynamic construction of a list of referring publications, etc., opened thanks to HTML, are considered. HTML allows you to implement a multi-column layout of the publication on a wide screen and, on the contrary, an adaptive layout that allows you to comfortably get acquainted with the publication on the smartphone screen.
Science and art. Personalization
Authors: Volnov Ilya Nikolaevich
Published: May 2022

The crisis of the scientific format of thinking is considered and one of its manifestations is personalization, which takes place today in all basic forms of human activity. On the basis of structural dynamics and an appeal to ancient ideas about time, it is shown that Kuznetsov’s writing – a vivid example of modern visual media, is a new form of personalized art and an adequate response to the crisis of the scientific format of thinking.
The effect of eHealth interventions on psychosocial distress, coping strategies, quality of life and unmet supportive care needs among patients with cancer during active anti-cancer treatment
Authors: Grapp Miriam , Kiermeier Senta , Jordan Karin , Friederich Hans-Christoph , Maatouk Imad
Published: May 2022

Purpose: During active cancer treatment, there is a high prevalence of unmet supportive care needs and many patients suffer from increased psychological distress, which impairs health related quality of life (HRQoL) and lead to poorer treatment outcomes. Recent literature has emphasised the benefits of electronic health (eHealth) or the use of new technologies to improve health management and access to psychosocial support for patients with cancer. Since initially the main research area was cancer survivors, there are few reviews in the field of active cancer treatment, and they mainly focus on symptom tracking and symptom management. Methods: this review examines the impact of eHealth interventions on psychological distress, coping strategies, HRQoL and unmet psychosocial care needs among patients with cancer during treatment. A systematic literature search according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was performed.Results: Eighteen RCTs met the inclusion criteria and were included. The results indicated that the evidence of eHealth interventions for patients during anti-cancer treatment is currently limited, but there is a trend towards positive effects and encouraging results, especially for HRQoL and depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Overall, there was a high degree of heterogeneity in both interventions and outcomes, making it difficult to compare the results of individual studies. Therefore, to improve the quality of research, there is an urgent need to develop guidelines for the design and structure of interventions and for the evaluation and reporting of interventions.
The perspectives on the clinical trials in South Korea under the impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic: the difference between trial site and sponsors
Authors: Kim Young-Sang , Lee Yil-Seob
Published: May 2022

Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, novel clinical trial methods known as decentralized clinical trials (DCTs) were rapidly introduced. The differences in operation of clinical trials including DCT perspectives during the pandemic between site and sponsors were investigated.
Methods
The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical trials was investigated for a society of sponsors and a trial site in South Korea. The current difficulties and future perspectives on clinical trials were assessed and compared between the site and sponsors.
Results
Both the site and sponsors reported on their experiences with the challenges of conducting clinical trials in the pandemic era. While 64% of personnel from the site judged that the difficulties were solved by their own solution, 67.6% of personnel from sponsors considered cooperation with trial sites as a key solution to overcome the difficulties. While half of the personnel from the site were skeptical of the changes in trial operation methods, the sponsors expect the institutionalization of DCT elements.
Conclusions
With varying attitudes, sponsors and sites attempted to overcome the challenges of conducting clinical trials during the pandemic era. To conduct clinical trials, both sponsors and sites must work closely together to find solutions with efficient communication. For the successful implementation of new tools such as DCT, the government needs to solicit support from sponsors and sites and change regulations.
The prognosis of different types of pleural tags based on radiologic- pathologic comparison
Authors: Meng Yao , Gao Jie , Wu Chongchong , Xie Mei , Ma Xidong , Zang Xuelei , Song Jialin , Zhou Meng , Guo Shikun , Huang Yemei , Deng Hengyu , Li Hongli , Wei Bo , Xue Xinying
Published: May 2022

Objectives: There are increasing numbers of studies of pleural tags (PTs). The purpose of this case series was to classify the PTs in patients with peripheral pulmonary adenocarcinoma based on radiologic-pathologic comparison and to study the prognosis. Methods: The clinical, imaging, pathological and prognostic data of 161 patients with peripheral pulmonary adenocarcinoma in three hospitals were analyzed retrospectively. We classified PTs using computed tomography (CT) for pathologic comparison. Results: The CT features were classified into non-interlobular PTs ( type 1, one or more linear non-interlobular PT; type 2, one or more linear non-interlobular PT with soft tissue component at the pleural end; type 3, one soft tissue cord-like non-interlobular PT; type 4, directly abutting the non-interlobular pleura) and interlobular PTs (type 1, pulling the interlobular pleura to the homolateral side; type 2, one or more linear interlobular PT; and type 3, pushing the interlobular pleura to the contralateral side). In these PTs, the incidence of visceral pleural invasion (VPI) was high in type 2 (46.88%) and type 3 (56.41%) of non-interlobular PTs. Our prognostic analysis showed that micropapillary or solid histological subtype (HR = 5.766, 95% CI: 1.435-23.159, P = 0.014) and type 3 of non-interlobular PTs (HR = 11.058, 95% CI: 1.349-90.623, P = 0.025) were two independent risk factors for tumor progression. ﻿Conclusions: PT is a risk factor for poor prognosis of patients, the presence of which on CT images can remind us to provide patients with a more reasonable treatment.
Assessment of genetic diversity among Bambara groundnut lines using SSR markers
Authors: Hlanga Nokuthula , Modi Albert Thembinkosi , Mathew Isack
Published: May 2022

Evaluating available genetic diversity is important for crop improvement especially in neglected crops such as Bambara groundnut. The objective was to characterise genetic variation among 19 Bambara groundnut lines using 20 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for initiating Bambara groundnut improvement in South Africa. Genomic DNA was extracted from leaf samples of each genotype and genotyped with diagnostic SSR markers. The SSR fragments were scored numerically as codominant before the genetic parameters were calculated using GenAlex software. The markers exhibited an average polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.57. Similarly, the observed heterozygosity among the lines was 0.58, showing some level of outcrossing. The first two principal components explained 65.2% of the variation among the genotypes and grouped the genotypes into three clusters. The shortest genetic distance was zero between genotypes Brown and Light brown while Tiganecuru and S19 were farthest related genotypes (0.60). Lines such as IITA686, Cream and Uniswa Red-R that had good performance for multiple agronomic traits occurred within 0.40 genetic distance making them genetically divergent enough for developing breeding populations for Bambara groundnut improvement. The most divergent genotypes with favourable agro-morphological characteristics will be recommended as genetic resources for Bambara improvement and variety development programs.
Efficient Acid Screening Using Covalent-Organic-Framework Membranes with Angstrom-Sized Pore Channels and Built-in Charge-Assisted Hydrogen Bond Donors
Authors: Sun Qi , Meng Qing-Wei , Liu Mingjie , Zuo Xiuhui , Xian Weipeng , Guo Qing , Wang Sai , Yin Hong
Published: May 2022

Acids are extensively used in contemporary industries; however, time-consuming and environmentally unfriendly processes hinder their isolation from wastes containing various ionic species. While membrane technology can overcome these challenges by efficiently extracting analytes of interest, the associated processes typically exhibit inadequate ion-specific selectivity. In this regard, we rationally designed a membrane with uniform angstrom-sized pore channels and built-in charge-assisted hydrogen bond donors that preferentially conduct monobasic acids while exhibiting negligible conductance for other compounds. The ionic selectivity originates from the size screening ability of angstrom-sized channels between protons and other hydrated cations, while the built-in charge-assisted hydrogen bond donor enables the screening of acids by exerting host-guest interactions to varying extent, acting as an anion filter. Furthermore, in contrast to conventional cationic membranes, the strong hydrogen-bonding interactions between the guanidinium moieties and their counter anions resulted in charge transfer from the anions to the membrane skeleton, which switched the effective pore surface charge from positive to negative, thereby facilitating the transport of protons. Ion transport measurements indicated that the resulting membrane exhibited exceptional permeation for protons over other cations and anions of monobasic acids over those of polybasic acids with selectivities up to 4334 and 183, respectively, demonstrating prospects for monobasic acid extraction from waste streams. These findings will aid the design of advanced multifunctional membranes for sophisticated separation.
Effect of different coatings on the structure and performance of three-dimensional ordered macropores La0.7Ce0.3CoO3 catalysts
Authors: Lv Xinyi , Zhang Tianjiao , Cao Jiawei , Wang Yongqiang , Liu Fang , Yin Lihong
Published: May 2022

In this work, monolithic catalysts with single coating Ce0.75Zr0.25O2, Al2O3 and composite coating Ce0.75Zr0.25O2-Al2O3 were prepared by PMMA hard template-excessive impregnation method with 3DOM La0.7Ce0.3CoO3 as the active component and cordierite as the carrier, and characterized by SEM, XRD, BET, H2-TPR and XPS, and the catalytic performance for toluene was tested. The results showed that the active components of 3DOM La0.7Ce0.3CoO3/ Ce0.75Zr0.25O2-Al2O3/ Cordierite catalyst were highly dispersed, forming a complete macroporous structure with the largest specific surface area (10.57 m2·g-1), high surface adsorbed oxygen concentration and good low-temperature reducibility. Its catalytic activity (T50%=103℃, T90%=218℃) for toluene was obviously better than the others. According to the comprehensive analysis, the improvement of the performance of the catalyst may benefit from the excellent physicochemical properties and the synergistic effect between Ce0.75Zr0.25O2-Al2O3 composite coating and active components.
Soft Tissue Phenotype Modification Impacts on Peri-Implant Stability: A Comparative cohort study
Authors: Lin Cho-Ying , Kuo Pe-Yi , Chiu Meng-Yao , Chen Zhao-Zhao , Wang Hom-Lay
Published: May 2022

Objectives
Soft tissue phenotype modification could be performed to maintain peri-implant health. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze tissue alteration around implants following soft tissue phenotype modification during implant uncovering surgery.
Materials and methods
Patients had soft tissue phenotype modification (either pouch roll or modified roll technique) during implant second-stage surgery with at least 12-month follow-up were included. Clinical and radiographic parameters including mucosal tissue thickness, recession (REC), keratinized mucosa width (KMW), probing pocket depth (PPD), marginal bone loss (MBL), emergence profile, and emergence angle were extracted from 2-week, 2-month, and 12-month visits after 2nd stage surgery.
Results
Twenty-eight patients with 33 implants fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included. After soft tissue phenotype modification, at 2-week, REC was negatively correlated to mean MTT at mid-buccal site (r=-0.41, p = 0.018) and borderline correlated at mid-lingual site (r=-0.343, p = 0.051). Stable KMW was maintained from 2-week to 12-month with minimal shrinkage rate (3 ~ 14%). MBL change was limited (0.24 ~ 0.47 mm) after STPM. All implants had shallow PPD (≤ 3 mm) with the absence of bleeding on probing. Emergence angle at the mesial side, however, was significantly correlated to surgical techniques, which indicated pouch roll technique would have 6.96 degrees more than modified roll technique (p = 0.024)
Conclusions
Soft tissue phenotype modification, either pouch roll or modified roll technique, during uncovering surgery resulted in favorable clinical outcomes. Thin mucosal tissue thickness and pouch roll technique are the factors related to more recession at 2 weeks. Pouch roll technique could influence the restorative design by having a wide emergence angle at the mesial side.
Clinical relevance:
Modified and pouch roll techniques during uncovering surgery were viable methods to yield favorable peri-implant health, while the preciseness of pouch roll technique was required to avoid mucosal recession and inadequate restorative design.
Synthetic double inversion recovery imaging in brain MRI: Quantitative evaluation and feasibility of synthetic MRI and a comparison with conventional double inversion recovery and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences
Authors: Zorigt Odgerel , Nakajima Takahito , Kumasaka Yuka , Jingu Akiko , Tsushima Yoshito
Published: May 2022

Background and purpose: Synthetic MR imaging (SyMRI) allows the reconstruction of various contrast images, including double inversion recovery (DIR), from a single scan. This study aimed to investigate the advantages of SyMRI by comparing synthetic DIR images with synthetic T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (T2W-FLAIR) and conventional DIR images. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the imaging data of 100 consecutive patients who underwent conventional brain MRI between December 2018 and March 2019. Synthetic DIR, T2W-FLAIR, T1-weighted, and phase-sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR) images were generated from SyMRI data. For synthetic DIR, the two inversion times required to suppress white matter and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were manually determined by two radiologists. Quantitative analysis was performed by manually tracing the region of interest (ROI) at the sites of the lesion, white matter, and CSF. Synthetic DIR, synthetic T2W-FLAIR, and conventional DIR images were compared on the basis of using the gray matter-to-white matter, lesion-to-white matter, and lesion-to-CSF contrast-to-noise ratios. Results: The two radiologists showed no differences in setting inversion time (TI) values, and their evaluations showed excellent interobserver agreement. The mean signal intensities obtained with synthetic DIR were significantly higher than those obtained with synthetic T2W-FLAIR and conventional DIR. Conclusion: Synthetic DIR images showed a higher contrast than synthetic T2WFLAIR and conventional DIR images.
Comparison between the effect of the information–motivation–behavioral (IMB) model and psychoeducational counseling on sexual satisfaction and contraception method used under the coercion of the spouse in Iranian women: A Randomized, Clinical Trial
Authors: Zarbaf Alieh , Ahmadi Atefeh , Rafati Elahe , Ghorbani Faezeh , pour Masumeh Ghazanfar , Alidousti Katayoun
Published: May 2022

Background: Women play an essential role in maintaining the family's health, and family planning is part of women's and families' health. The couple's mutual understanding of family planning methods is essential in selecting a contraception method. Acceptance of and satisfaction with different contraception methods can impact sexual satisfaction. The present study aimed to compare the effect of the information-motivation-behavioral (IMB) model and psychoeducational counseling on sexual satisfaction and contraception methods of women referring to healthcenters in Kerman.Methods: This trial was conducted on 81 women aged 18–45 who came to Kerman health centers from 2021 to 2022. Participants were randomly divided into three groups of 27 people (control, psychoeducational counseling, IMB method). Due to the COVID-19 outbreak, three online counseling sessions were held for the psychoeducational counseling intervention group, and four online counseling sessions were held for the IMB group. The control group received routine care from a midwife. SPSS software was used for data analysis using nonparametric Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: The mean age of participants was 32.59 ± 7.04, and the majority had university degrees and were homemakers. The mean sexual satisfaction score significantly increased immediately after the intervention and one month later in the two interventional groups (P <0.001). Changes in contraception methods after intervention were significant in the psychoeducational group (P = 0.028)Conclusion: The results indicate the positive impact of psychological counseling on women's sexual satisfaction and changing the contraception method. The results also showed that the IMB method positively impacted women's sexual satisfaction but had no impact on changing the contraceptive method.
Predictive value of perioperative monocyte counts for bacteremia and 90-day all-cause mortality in patients with severe burn
Authors: He Qiulan , Chen Caiyun , Gao Shaowei , Yang Lu , Huang Runcheng , Qin Ying , Huang Wenqi
Published: May 2022

Objective To explore the predictive value of changes in monocytes (M), lymphocytes (L), white blood cell-to-platelet ratio (WPR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in peripheral blood and changes in temperature (T-37) for bacteremia and 90-day mortality in patients with severe burns during the first perioperative period.Methods Data from 169 patients treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from 2011 to 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into a bacteremia group and a control group based upon blood culture. Data on M, L, NLR, WPR and T-37 were collected at the day before the first surgery (0), the first day after the first surgery (1) and the third day after the first surgery (3). Independent risk factors for bacteremia and 90-day mortality were identified. The risk prediction models were established with multivariate logistic regression analysis and externally validated in another cohort of 191 patients with severe burns.Results The 90-day mortality rate was 21.3% (36/169), which was significantly higher in the Bac group than in the con group (42.8% vs. 10.6%, P<0.01). WPR0, M0, WPR1, and T3-37 were significantly higher in the Bac group than in the con group (P<0.01), whereas M1 and M3 were significantly lower in the Bac group than in the con group (P<0.01). Multivariate regression analysis showed that SOFA0, WPR0, M3, and T3-37 were independently associated with bacteremia. The prediction model for bacteremia Xbac = 0.1809 × SOFA0 + 6.532 × WPR0-1.171 × M3 + 0.6987 × ⎮T3-37⎮- 2.297. TBSAB, SOFA0, and ∆M (M0-M3) were independently correlated with 90-day mortality. The risk prediction model X90d-m= 0.055 × TBSAB + 0.301×SOFA0+1.508 × ∆M) - 7.196. External validation of the prediction models suggested that the specificity, sensitivity, and AUC were 90.7%, 62.5% and 0.797, respectively, for Xbac and 69.2%, 90.0% and 0.873, respectively, for X90d-m.Conclusion ∆M and WPR0 were independent risk factors for bacteremia and 90-day mortality in patients with severe burns. The predictive models could inform clinical antimicrobial judgment and prognostication.
Does energy intensity matter in the nexus between energy consumption and economic growth regarding capital-energy substitution?
Authors: Aydin Celil , Onay Reyhan Demir , Sahin Ismail
Published: May 2022

This article investigates how the non-linear connection between energy consumption and economic development is influenced by energy intensity level in the context of energy-capital substitution. We firstly analyze the substitutability/complementarity between energy and capital by estimating VES production function within the standard Solow growth model framework for 58 countries over the period of 1975–2017. The selected countries are classified into four groups according to their relative energy intensity levels and their accessibility to energy. The estimation findings reveal that energy and capital are complements in the final output for each country group. Hence, in this paper as further analysis, the study examines whether or not energy consumption always fosters economic growth. We investigate the non-linear link between energy consumption and economic development by constructing a Panel Smooth Transition Regression (PSTR) model for each country group and looking at the impact of energy intensity in this relationship. The empirical results provide that for each country group, there is a threshold level for energy intensity. Regardless of whether a country is a net energy exporter or net energy importer, it needs to use energy efficiently and not exceed the ideal energy intensity level in both production and consumption to maintain long-term economic growth.
Impact of COVID-19 Vaccination on the Menstrual Cycle: A Cross-Sectional Study from Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Sualeh Muhammad , Uddin Muhammad Roohan , Junaid Natalia , Khan Muneeba , Pario Anam
Published: May 2022

Background The COVID-19 disease triggered a worldwide health catastrophe. To deal with this deadly situation multiple vaccines were developed and a mass immunization program started globally. However, vaccine hesitancy was seen especially among women of reproductive age, having concerns that the vaccine might affect their menstrual cycle. This study investigated the link between COVID vaccination and menstrual abnormalities. It is essential for us to understand the effects of vaccines on menstruation as menstrual distress can have effects on everyday life, and mental and reproductive health. MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed using self-administered online forms to collect data from all over Karachi. The sample included 384 females aged 18 years and above. The data was collected from November 2021 to February 2022. ResultsMajority of the participants were aged 21 and had a normal BMI. Most were moderately stressed (n = 245) with 146 reporting menstrual changes post-vaccination. The difference between the post-vaccine menstruation affected (n = 146) and the unaffected cohort (n = 238) was significant. Other factors which likely contributed to the post-vaccine menstrual changes included PSS score, strenuous physical activity, and the pre-vaccine menstrual flow.ConclusionsIn conclusion, there is no denying that existing data is inadequate, which is one of the grounds for vaccination apprehension, particularly among menstruating women. To minimize this hesitation, the spread of disinformation about the vaccine's influence on the menstrual cycle must be avoided. Because such abnormalities may lower their overall quality of life. Policy-based interventions should also be implemented to document any menstruation-related side effects.
A novel collaborative optimization assembly process method for multi-performance of aeroengine rotors
Authors: Li Tao , Wen Zhenhua , Zhao Binbin , Sun Qingchao
Published: May 2022

In the assembly process of aeroengine, the aeroengines have been rejected at pass off test for high vibration of high pressure rotor under the condition of meeting the geometric accuracy. Repeated disassembly and trial assembly will lead to interface damage, which will affect the safety and reliability of the engine. Therefore, a multi-objective collaborative optimization process method for geometric accuracy and dynamic performance is put forward based on the practical engineering problems. In the proposed method, the primal problem is firstly reveals the transfer mechanism of coaxiality and unbalance of rotor system, and the prediction model of the coaxiality and unbalance of the rotor system was established. Then, combined with the high-precision reduced order model of aeroengine high-pressure combined rotor, the system vibration responses under different assembly states are obtained. Finally, a multi-objective collaborative optimization assembly process method considering coaxiality, unbalance and vibration response is obtained. The results show that the collaborative optimization process method considering assembly accuracy and dynamic performance is the optimal assembly strategy, which can reduce the vibration amplitude of the key nodes of the rotor system while ensuring high assembly accuracy, and achieve the low-level vibration of the rotor system.
The Lack of Fam83h Mediated Reduction of Wnt/Β-Catenin Signaling Pathway and Expression Levels of Dental Mineralization Genes
Authors: Nasseri Sherko , Parsa Sara , Vahabzadeh Zakaria , Khadem-Erfan Mohammad Bagher , Nikkhoo Bahram , Baban Babak , Mirzaie Sako , Ebadifar Asghar , Fathi Fardin
Published: May 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Fabrication and Characterization of Plasmonic Au Nanoparticles on ITO coated glass sheets
Authors: Verma Anuradha , Saxena Sakshi , Biswas Neeraj Kumar , Srivas Anupam , Singh Udai Bhan , Khan Saif. A. , Avasthi Devesh Kumar , Dass Sahab
Published: May 2022

Noble metal nanoparticles are the topic of profound interest on account of their exceptional optical properties contrary to their bulk counterparts. We report here the fabrication of sputter-deposited Au nanoparticles on ITO (Sn doped Indium Oxide) coated glass substrate. The effect of varying annealing parameters viz. time and temperature in conjunction with varying thickness parameters have been thoroughly investigated. Prepared thin films were characterized using FE-SEM (Field emission scanning electron microscope), RBS (Rutherford backscattering) measurement, and optical absorbance spectroscopy. The role of annealing temperature and time duration on the evolution of Au nanoparticles is discussed. At low temperature, film dewetting has been observed while at high temperature and longer duration of annealing leads to particle dissolution for the greater thickness of 5 nm and 8 nm in the case of Au thin films. According to the study, 5 nm thickness Au thin film which was annealed at 500oC for 90 min exhibited maximum SPR (surface plasmon resonance) effect.
Fe2+-induced surface plasmon-catalyzed reduction reaction for the detection of Fe2+
Authors: Sun Ye , Xu Guangda , Wang Yue , song Peng , Zhang Yao , Xia Lixin
Published: May 2022

Herein, we developed a concise, time-efficient, and high selective assay for detecting Fe2+ through its triggered surface plasmon-catalyzed reduction reaction of p-nitrothiophenol (PNTP) to p,p′-dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB) based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. When Fe2+ was added to the PNTP-AuNPs system, the appearance of three characteristic peaks at 1142, 1392, and 1140 cm− 1 attributed to DMAB demonstrated that Fe2+ induced the catalytic coupling reaction of PNTP. The Raman intensity ratio of the peak at 1142 cm− 1 to the peak at 1336 cm− 1 and the concentration of Fe2+ presented a good linear response from 10 to 100 µM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.35 µM. Besides, the probable reaction process has been put forward. More importantly, the entire detection process can be completed within 2 min and was used successfully for the detection of Fe2+ in river water.
Neotropical Monogenoidea 65. Cosmetocleithrum infinitus sp. n. (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae) parasite of the gills of Anadoras grypus (Siluriformes: Doradidae) from the Amazonas river, in Loreto, Peru
Authors: Morey Germán Augusto Murrieta , Rojas Carlos Alfredo Tuesta , Cachique José Carlos Zumaeta
Published: May 2022

Among Siluriformes, fishes of the family Doradidae harbor dactylogyrids from Cosmetocleithrum Kritsky, Thatcher and Boeger, 1986. Anadoras grypus (Cope, 1872) (Siluriformes, Doradidae) locally named in Peru as “rego-rego” hosts a new species of Cosmetocleithrum described herein as Cosmetocleithrum infinitus sp. n. The male copulatory organ (MCO) and vagina of the new species reveals its morphological uniqueness among members of Cosmetocleithrum. The MCO in the new species is an elongate, sclerotized sinuous tube, with numerous and uncountable coils with counterclockwise orientation; the accessory piece is sclerotized, comprising a kind of cone, with a large opening at its base, with a branch in the posterior middle part and with pointed ends. The vagina is a sclerotized long, winding, coiled tube with a cone-shaped opening.
The value of whole-lesion histogram analysis based on field‑of‑view (FOV) and FOCUS diffusion‑weighted imaging (DWI) for predicting axillary lymph node status in early-stage breast cancer
Authors: Fang Shu , Zhu Jun , Wang Yafeng , Zhou Jie , Wang Guiqian , Xu Weiwei , Zhang Wei
Published: May 2022

Background: This study aims to estimate the amount of axillary lymph node (ALN) involvement in early-stage breast cancer utilizing a field of view (FOV) and constrained undistorted single-shot (FOCUS) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) approach, as well as a whole-lesion histogram analysis.Methods: This retrospective analysis involved 65 individuals with invasive breast cancer. The patients were divided into three groups: N0 (negative ALN metastasis), N1–2 (low metastatic burden with 1-2 ALNs), and N≥3 (heavy metastatic burden with≥3 ALNs) based on their sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) or axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Histogram parameters of apparent diffusion coefﬁcient (ADC) depending basically on FOCUS DWI were performed using 3D-Slicer software for whole lesions. The typical histogram characteristics for N0, N1–2, and N≥3 were compared to identify the significantly different parameters. To determine the diagnostic efficacy of significantly different factors, the area under their receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was examined.Results: There were significant differences in the energy, maximum, 90 percentile, range, and lesion size among N0, N1–2, and N≥3 groups (P<0.05). The energy differed significantly between N0 and N1–2 groups (P < 0.05), and some certain ADC histogram parameters and lesion sizes differed significantly between N0 and N≥3, or N1–2 and N≥3 groups. For ROC analysis, the energy yielded the best diagnostic performance in distinguishing N0 and N1-2 groups from N≥3 group with an AUC value of 0.856. All parameters revealed excellent inter-observer agreement with inter-reader consistencies data ranging from 0.931 to 0.987.Conclusion: By employing FOCUS DWI method, the analysis of whole-lesion ADC histogram quantitatively provides a non-invasive way to evaluate the degree of ALN metastatic spread in early-stage breast cancer.
Identifications and in silico analysis of a spectrum of SLC4A11 mutations in Indian familial and non-familial cases of congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy
Authors: Salman Mohd , Verma Anshuman , Chaurasia Sunita , Prasad Deeksha , Kannabiran Chitra , Singh Vivek , RAMAPPA MURALIDHAR
Published: May 2022

Background: Congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED) is a rare form of corneal dystrophy and is known to be caused by SLC4A11 gene mutation. The purpose of this study is to find genetic alterations in SLC4A11 using direct sequencing in two Indian familial CHED cases with affected members n=3 and n=2 respectively and five non-familial cases with a single affected member, followed by in silico characterization of identified mutations. Results: All three affected members of the first CHED family were identified with novel hom. c.1514C>G (p.Ser489Trp) mutation while second family showed presence of novel compound heterozygous mutation- het c.529A>C (p.Arg161Arg) + het c.2461insT (p.Val805fs). Among five non-familial cases, two showed novel changes hom. c.1487G>T (p.Ser480Ile) and hom. c.620-2A>G respectively, while the other one had previously reported hom. c.2653C>T (p.Arg869Cys) mutation. The remaining two cases did not reveal the presence of SLC4A11 related pathogenic mutations. Identified mutations were excluded from a large number of controls (n=80) and analyzed in silico using homology-based protein modeling and pathogenicity prediction tools, which predicted these alterations to be pathogenic causing change in protein stability, protein local flexibility and decrease in hydrogen bond interactions. Conclusions: Our study contributed to CHED mutational spectrum adding four novel mutations and confirming a previously reported mutation. Our study demonstrated a spectrum of mutations ranging from coding, non-coding, homozygous, and synonymous compound heterozygous in CHED cases. The identified mutations demonstrated different degrees of pathogenic effects based on in silico analysis. In addition, two non-familial cases could not be identified with pathogenic mutation emphasizing the involvement of other genes or genetic mechanisms for such cases.
Repeated exposure to either consistently spatiotemporally congruent or consistently incongruent audiovisual stimuli modulates the audiovisual common-cause prior
Authors: Hong Fangfang , Badde Stephanie , Landy Michael
Published: May 2022

To estimate an environmental property such as object location from multiple sensory cues, the brain must infer their causal relationship. Only cues originating from the same source should be integrated. This inference relies on the characteristics of the cues as well as on a cross-modal common-cause prior: accumulated knowledge about the probability that cross-modal cues come from the same source. We examined the plasticity of this cross-modal common-cause prior. In a learning phase, participants were exposed to a series of audiovisual stimuli that were either consistently spatiotemporally congruent or consistently incongruent; participants’ audiovisual spatial integration was measured before and after this exposure. We fitted several Bayesian causal-inference models to the data; the models differed in the plasticity of the common-source prior. Model comparison revealed that, for the majority of the participants, the common-cause prior changed during the learning phase. Our findings reveal that short periods of exposure to audiovisual stimuli with a consistent causal relationship can modify the common-cause prior. In accordance with previous studies, both exposure conditions could either strengthen or weaken the common-cause prior at the participant-level. Simulations imply that the direction of the prior update might be mediated by the perceptual variability of the cues during the learning phase.
Retention index of FDG-PET/CT SUVmax of the primary tumor in non-small cell lung cancer as a predictor of lymph node metastasis: a retrospective study
Authors: Ema Toshinari , Kojima Hideaki , Mizuno Shinji , Hirai Tatsuo , Oka Mikako , Neyatani Hiroshi , Funai Kazuhito , Shiiya Norihiko
Published: May 2022

Background: Accurate staging of non-small cell lung cancer is key in treatment planning and prediction of prognosis. We investigated the correlation between the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) retention index (RI) of the primary tumor and lymph node metastasis in non-small cell lung carcinoma. We also evaluated the tendencies according to the histological types.Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 218 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors from 217 patients who underwent pre-operative fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) followed by lung surgery and lymph node resection between July 2015 and August 2020. All primary tumors were calculated as the SUVmax at 50 min (SUVmaxearly [SUVmaxe]) and 120 min (SUVmaxdelayed [SUVmaxd]), and RI. The clinico-pathological factors of interest were compared based on lymph node metastasis status and NSCLC histo-pathological subtype. Results: The median SUVmaxe and SUVmaxd of the primary tumor were 3.3 and 4.2, respectively, and the median RI was 0.25. The RI was significantly higher in the pN(+) (n = 44) group (0.30) compared to the pN0 (n = 174) group (0.24) (p = 0.01). In patients with adenocarcinoma (n = 145), the RI was also significantly higher in the pN(+) (n = 29) group (0.29) compared to the pN0 (n = 116) group (0.16) (p <0.01). A high RI of the primary tumor was an independent risk factor for lymph node metastasis, particularly in patients with adenocarcinoma (odds ratio: 12.30, p <0.05).Conclusions: The RI of primary NSCLC tumors can help predict lymph node metastases, particularly in patients with adenocarcinoma.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation and Proctectomy Improves Survival Irrespective of Pathologic Response in Rectal Adenocarcinoma: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Naffouje Samer A. , Liu Yuen-Joyce , Kamarajah Sivesh K , Salti George I , Dahdaleh Fadi
Published: May 2022

BackgroundThis study sought to determine whether adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) compared to no AC (noAC) after neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CRT) and resection for rectal adenocarcinoma prolongs survival. Current guidelines from expert groups are conflicting, and data to support administering AC to patients who received neoadjuvant CRT are lacking. Methods19867 patients met inclusion/exclusion criteria. Mean age was 58.6±12.0 years, and 12396 (62.4%) were males. Complete response (CR) was documented in 3801 (19.1%) patients and 8167 (41.1%) received AC. The cohort was stratified into pathological complete (pCR, N=3,801) and incomplete (pIR, N=16,066) subgroups, and pIR further subcategorized into ypN0 (N=10,191) and ypN+ (N=5,875) subgroups. After propensity score matching, AC was associated with improved OS in the pCR subgroups (mean 139.1±1.9 vs. 134.0±2.2 months; p<0.001), in pIR ypN0 subgroup (141.6±1.5 vs. 129.9±1.2 months, p<0.001) and in pIR ypN+ subgroup (155.9±5.4 vs. 126.5±7.6 months; p<0.001). ResultsAC was associated with improved OS in patients who received neoadjuvant CRT followed by proctectomy for clinical stages II and III rectal adenocarcinoma. This effect persisted irrespective of pathological response status. ConclusionsAC following neoadjuvant CRT and surgery is associated with improved OS in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma. These findings warrant adoption of AC after neoadjuvant CRT and surgery for clinical stage II and III rectal adenocarcinoma.
Transcriptome wide identification and characterization of NAC Transcription factors in response to abiotic stress in Lowland bamboo [ Oxytenanthera abyssinica (A.rich) munro]
Authors: Adem Muhamed , Gadissa Fikadu , Zhao Kai , Beyene Dereje
Published: May 2022

NAC (NAM, no apical meristem, ATAF and CUC) are among the biggest plant transcription factor (TF) having important role in plant developmental and biological processes. NAC members which are found only in plant kingdom have distinct structures and diverse functions. They have tremendous role in cell differentiation and expansion, and hormone signaling in response to various stresses. Despite this importance, genome-wide analysis and expression profiling of NAC gene family under abiotic stress remains elusive in Ethiopian lowland bamboo (Oxytenanthera abyssinica). In this study, a genome-wide identification of 220 O. abyssinica TFs having intact and complete NAC DNA binding domain (PF01849) have been made from abiotic stress induced transcriptome. The identification was followed by functional annotation, protein property, phylogenetic relationship and expression profiling. Accordingly, significant variations were observed regarding gene length, molecular weights and isoelectric points among NAC members. The expression level of randomly selected OaNACs were examined using qRT-PCR. The results were consistent with the RNA-Seq results, confirming the differential expression of selected genes. This informs the key role of NACs in regulating abiotic stress tolerances in O. abyssinica. In total, 142 of the 220 OaNACs are differentially expressed due to either drought or salinity stress. The biological involvement of 26 genes in stress response and the up-regulation 35 genes in expression analysis points the likely association of NACs in stress response and adaption in O. abyssinica. In this regard, this study lays the basis for further studies associated with NACs abiotic stress tolerance and adaptation in O. abyssinica and related plants.
Public Health Microbiological Quality and Safety Assessment of Addis Ababa City Drinking Water Sources, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Wolde Amsalu Mekonnen
Published: May 2022

Background: Water of poor quality can cause water borne diseases by bacteria, viruses, protozoa and parasites. It has been frequently described responsible for millions morbidity and mortality. Therefore, quality and safety status of municipal drinking water of Addis Ababa should be regularly monitored in sustainable manner.Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the bacteriological and parasitological quality and safety status of treated and non-treated municipal drinking water sources in Addis Ababa city.Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out on drinking water sources such as public taps, reservoirs, springs and wells managed by Addis Ababa Water and Sewerage Authority (AAWSA). 125ml drinking water of each 2951 samples were collected from all water sources and analyzed for bacteriological by Presence/ Absence (P-A) culturing method and 11L drinking water of each were collected from 25 selected reservoirs for parasites identification by direct microscopy.Results: This study revealed that there were 10% of all samples were positive for bacteriological parameters done by presence-absence method. Consequently, 7% and 3% were positive for total coli forms and faecal coli forms respectively. On the other hand, all parasitological tested samples from selected reservoirs were free from intestinal parasites.Conclusion: It was concluded that most Addis Ababa city drinking water sources had acceptable quality and were safe to drink. Samples were contaminated with fecal coli forms & total coli forms during the study period. It needs continuous screening and treating water sources to utmost important for prevention and control of infectious diseases caused by water transmitted pathogens.
Full-wave solver for massively multi-channel optics using augmented partial factorization
Authors: Lin Ho-Chun , Wang Zeyu , Hsu Chia Wei
Published: May 2022

Multi-channel optical systems such as disordered media, metasurfaces, multi-mode fibers, and photonic circuits are of both fundamental and technological importance. However, their optical responses are difficult to describe in the presence of multiple scattering, strong coupling, and multi-path interference. Accurate modeling requires many large-scale simulations associated with the many input states, which currently take enormous computing resources. We propose an approach where all simulations are solved jointly and efficiently by augmenting the Maxwell operator with the source and the projection profiles, followed by a single partial factorization. This method applies to any linear system with any type of inputs, and benchmarks show it uses less memory and is 1,000 to 30,000,000 times faster than existing methods. It opens the door to previously inaccessible studies across disciplines involving multi-channel wave transport. As pilot examples, we realize, for the first time, full-wave simulations of entangled-photon backscattering from disorder and all-angle characterizations of aperiodic metasurfaces that are thousands of wavelengths wide.