bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Numerical Research on Diverse Cratered Film Cooling Hole Geometries
Authors: Zhang Zong Wei , Qian Wei Jia , Hu Jing Min
Published: May 2016

The goal of this research is to investigate cratered hole geometries on film cooling performance. Five kinds of cratered holes, namely, the concentric crater, the circular crater, the downstream offset crater, the upstream offset crater, and the direct crater are being studied along with the conventional flush hole. All craters has the same depth of 0.5 hole diameter. Through numerical simulation with CFX at a single blowing ratio of 0.5 and Reynold number of 11000, we analyze and compare the performance and behavior of five kinds of cratered holes with the conventional cylindrical hole. The simulation employs k-ε turbulent model and wall function. Film cooling effectiveness is achieved for all cases. Among all cases, concentric cratered hole perform the best which increases averaged film cooling effectiveness by 64% at X/D=5.35. All cratered holes appear some performance improvement compared to the baseline case. For cratered holes, film lateral convergence and stream-wise attaching performance was both enhanced owing to the expansional configuration of the crater and the consequent backflow region.
Color Offset in the Process of High-Power LED Life Aging
Authors: Zhang L.Y. , Cui Y.P. , Luo Z.N. , Zhou L.
Published: May 2016

In order to study color offset of the high-power white light and blue light LED in the whole life, a series of high-power white light and blue light emitting diodes are lighted continuously under a constant current. In the light of different period of time, measured the light emitting diode emission spectrum, color coordinate, color temperature of the light emitting diodes are measured at different periods; light luminous flux, color coordinate and color temperature changes are also measured under different currents. The experimental results show that the color of LED is different at different period under the same current, and is also different under a variable current. The article studied the influence of different factors on the color offset, and pointed out that the high-power LED color offset is caused by not only phosphors aging but also more major changes of the material itself. Furthermore, the results will provide a reference to the application of white LED and for the further study.
Semi-Sintered Medical Zirconia Ceramic Used for Denture CAM Processing
Authors: Lei Xiao Bao , Xie Feng
Published: May 2016

CAD/CAM technology has been widely applied in the field of oral restoration, which creates a revolutionary change in the pattern of traditional handmade denture and puts forward new demands on the past medical dental restorative material. The materials used for making dentures should own good machining properties and biocompatibilities. Medical zirconium ceramic have a broad prospect in the field of oral restoration because of its features are high strength, high toughness, good biocompatibility, high similarity of performance and aesthetic effect of processed dentures to real dentals. Dental restoration was obtained initially by NC machining using the feature that zirconium ceramic was not fully hardened but had a definite range of strength in the semi-sintered state. Experimental results shown that the ceramic denture machined by this processing has better surface quality and can satisfy requirements of oral restoration. Observation results shown that cutting surfaces were smooth, grinding cracks were tiny and uniform, and there were no obvious fracture gaps on edges and complex irregular surface of neck could be better reflected.
Study on the Constitutive Model of SiCp/Al Composites
Authors: Xue Xi Guo , Xie Li Jing , Wang Tao
Published: May 2016

By conducting the quasi-static compression and split Hopkinson pressure bar testing,the flow strain - stress curves under strain rate range of 0.0001-1000/s and temperature range of normal-400°C of different volume fraction SiC particles reinforced metal matrix composite SiCp/6063Al were obtained. The commonly used Johnson-Cook constitutive model in metal materials was applied in this research. And on the basis of it, the influence of volume fraction to flow stress was utilized to establish the equivalent and homogeneous constitutive model.
Well-Ordered Nanoporous Copper Fabricated by Dealloying Cu-Mn and its Characterizations
Authors: Tang Biao , Zhou Min , Zhou Rui , Bai Peng Fei , Zhou Guo Fu
Published: May 2016

A nanoporous copper (NPC) sample with well-ordered porosity of 20 nm was fabricated by an electrochemical dealloying single-phase Cu0.4Mn0.6 with an external potential of-0.5 V (MSE). The electrochemical mechanism of the dealloying process on the Cu-Mn surface was studied by a liner sweep voltammetry experiment, and an optimized applied voltage for the Cu-Mn system was recommended. The properties of the monolithic NPC, including morphology, chemical composition, surface area and wettability were systematically characterized. The specific surface area around 11.86 m2/g of the as-dealloyed NPC was measured by BET-nitrogen method. The micro/nanoscale bi-continuous 3D porous structures of NPC not only increase the surface area, but also improve the wettability of NPC surface since the increase in surface roughness.
Effect of Microstructure of Welded Joints HG785D on Impact Toughness
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Han Jian Min , Yang Zhi Yong , Wang Jun Qiang
Published: May 2016

The microstructure and impact toughness of joints of HG785D high strength steel welded by metal active gas shielded arc welding (80%Ar+20%CO2) was observed and analyzed. The result showed that the microstructure of weld seam was mainly composed of acicular ferrite, the impact energy of which was better. While the microstructure of HAZ with large size bainite and M-A island. Using the method of EBSD, it's also found that the effective grain size of weld seam was similar with fine grain HAZ. However the proportion of high-angle grain boundary in weld seam was much larger than that of HAZ. As a result, it could arrest propagating cracks and enhance the toughness.
Experimental Study on the Formation Mechanism of Serrated Chip of TC11 Titanium Alloy
Authors: Wen Liang , Yang Chang Qi , Niu Qiu Lin , Ming Wei Wei , Chen Ming
Published: May 2016

Serrated chips were a universal phenomenon and it had a significant effect on cutting process. In this paper, single tooth dry cutting of TC11 titanium alloy were conducted on a five-axis CNC machine using Stellram milling cutter with a diameter of 32 mm. Both chip macroscopic morphology and microcosmic morphology of TC11 titanium alloy were studied in-depth examining the impact of cutting speed and feed rate to the serrated chips. The results showed that: with the increase of cutting speed, the chip morphology of titanium alloy TC4 experienced a change process from the hair bar to a “C” shape and then become a long strip. The critical cutting speed of TC11 for serrated chips was found at 80 m/min and the critical feed rate to form serrated chip was defined as 0.05mm/z. With the increasing of cutting speed, the extent of chip serration was significantly enhanced. Increasing cutting speed can decrease the feed rate to form serrated chips.
Design of Plasma Discharge Structure for Surface Treatment of PP Film
Authors: Wen Yi Fang , Wang Tai Yong , Wang Hong Wei
Published: May 2016

Low temperature plasma, compared to liquid phase treatment, can effectively overcome the environment pollution, high energy loss and high cost as its high activity. The low temperature plasma, which is not only fairly friendly to the environment but also of less resource consumption, also can realize the cleaning, activating and grafting treatment for materials surface. Based on the numerical model of CRFHCP (Capacitive Radio Frequency Hollow Cathode Plasma) hollow cathode plasma discharge, the key point to affect plasma discharge was analyzed and the morphology of PP film before and after hollow cathode plasma discharge was analyzed. The results showed that the structure of plasma hollow cathode discharge can effectively improved the chemical behaviors of PP film.
Research on Vibration and Surface Roughness in Hard Cutting Process of Hardened Steel
Authors: Kong Ling Guo , Chen Guang Jun , Wang Liang , Wang Ding Wen , Chen Wei Dong , Zhang Ting
Published: May 2016

Vibration of cutting process is an important factor to influence the surface roughness. By Orthogonal design, take hard cutting surface roughness test for bearing steel GCr15 with 62~64HRC, analyzing the law of the variation of cutting parameters effect the amount of vibration and the surface roughness value. And it establishes the formula about vibration and surface roughness. The amount of vibration and the surface roughness increases first and then decreases while the cutting speed increases in a specific area, meanwhile its vibration will reduce and its surface roughness will enlarge while the feed increases. The cutting depth has a little influence to surface roughness and vibration, and the cutting depth is first decreased and then increased accompanied by the tool nose radius increases with the increase of vibration and the surface roughness. The research can provide reference for improving the surface quality.
Development of High Speed Precision Press and its Development Trends
Authors: Xiao M.H. , Yu L.B. , Li G.H. , Liang W.J.
Published: May 2016

High speed press is precision mechanical presses, with automatic feeding device, which has automatic, high-speed, precision three basic elements. This paper first describes the characteristics of the different definitions of high-speed presses and the characteristics of the object suitable for processing parts. Then the research status of high speed precision press at home and abroad was analyzed, and the development trend of high-speed precision presses was investigated.
The Effect of Electrolytic Strengthening Treatment on Tap’s Service Life
Authors: Feng Zhi Yang , Yan Xian Guo , Lv Yan Wen , Guo Hong , Fu Hang , Zhang Shao Hua
Published: May 2016

In this study High-speed steel taps are taken as the research object. Electrolysis technology was used to deal with the taps in various count time (7s 14s 21s 28s 35s) and then obtain the corresponding radii of the cutting edge (11.38μm 15.05μm 20.35μm 23.00μm 25.55μm). The experimental results exhibit quantitatively the effect of tool radius on the performance of tapping. A radius on the cutting edge prevents fast and unpredictable wear. Moreover, the existence of an optimum value of the radius has been revealed experimentally. Tapping test is used to prove the optimal cutting edge radius is 15.05μm and the taps life increase about 2.5 times than usual taps. It can provide an important theoretical basis for the modifications of the cutting edge radius and give a method to improve tap life.
The Influence of the Weld Line and the Selection of Mold Gate Location
Authors: Guo Guo Yi
Published: May 2016

Through injection molding simulation software and examples of injection,This paper analyzes the causes of the weld line when injection molding products, the impact on the quality of products, analysis of the injection mold gate location selection problems and defects produced by principle, think weld line has a great influence on the quality of injection molding, on this basis, put forward in view of the weld line, the influence of the mold gate location selection method in the practical work of is: reasonable choose the location of the gate, to control the degree of weld line, as far as possible to reduce the number of the weld line, or make them produce not important position in the mold. Etc.
Splitting, Bounding, and Almost
Disjointness Can Be Quite Different
Authors: Fischer Vera , Alejandro Mejia Diego
Published: May 2016

We prove the consistency of

with ZFC, where each of these cardinal invariants assume arbitrary uncountable regular values.
neXtSIM: a new Lagrangian sea ice model
Authors: Rampal Pierre , Bouillon Sylvain , Ólason Einar , Morlighem Mathieu
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The Arctic sea ice cover has changed drastically over the last decades. Associated with these changes is a shift in dynamical regime seen by an increase of extreme fracturing events and an acceleration of sea ice drift. The highly non-linear dynamical response of sea ice to external forcing makes modelling these changes and the future evolution of Arctic sea ice a challenge for current models. It is, however, increasingly important that this challenge be better met, both because of the important role of sea ice in the climate system and because of the steady increase of industrial operations in the Arctic. In this paper we present a new dynamical/thermodynamical sea ice model called neXtSIM that is designed to address this challenge. neXtSIM is a continuous and fully Lagrangian model, whose momentum equation is discretised with the finite-element method. In this model, sea ice physics are driven by the combination of two core components: a model for sea ice dynamics built on a mechanical framework using an elasto-brittle rheology, and a model for sea ice thermodynamics providing damage healing for the mechanical framework. The evaluation of the model performance for the Arctic is presented for the period September 2007 to October 2008 and shows that observed multi-scale statistical properties of sea ice drift and deformation are well captured as well as the seasonal cycles of ice volume, area, and extent. These results show that neXtSIM is an appropriate tool for simulating sea ice over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales.
Plotting Piety: Religious Spaces and the Mapping of George Whitefield's World
Authors: Parr Jessica M.
Published: May 2016

George Whitefield's career spanned two continents, six full transatlantic voyages, and approximately 18,000 sermons. Although he self-identified as an Anglican clergyman, he frequently ignored denominational lines as counterproductive to his vision of a large, unwalled church community. Responses to Whitefield also varied a great deal both temporally and geographically, depending on the local theo-politics at the time. For example, Whitefield initially passed muster with the Bishop of London, and South Carolina Commissary Alexander Garden, but those relationships soured a few years into his career. This article proposes ways to analyse the religious spaces Whitefield's career created. Examining these spatialities can help scholars to better describe the impact of Whitefield's career.
Wesleyan Perspectives on the Education of Girls in Eighteenth-Century England
Authors: Ryan Linda Ann
Published: May 2016

Throughout his life, John Wesley maintained an interest in how children were raised and educated, even publishing several sermons on the subject. He admitted girls into his schools at Kingswood, and provided money toward the education of daughters of his preachers. His decision to appoint a number of women preachers may have been influenced by his mother Susanna Wesley's attitude to her daughters' education. While this might suggest a progressive attitude, this article argues that John Wesley's thinking on the education of girls was far from straightforward and was contradictory in some ways. For example, Wesley advocated the thinking of Locke, and encouraged reading and learning. His Arminian theology championed self-improvement, and gave his followers an invitation for self-advancement. Nevertheless, his educational practice was more strongly evangelical than intellectual, more pious than academic. Indeed, that Wesley and his fellow evangelicals continued to argue that children were born in sin, and in need of correction, indicates that his views failed to acknowledge new concepts of the innocence of childhood which became increasingly influential during the eighteenth century.
The Effects of Chewing Cinnamon Flavored Gum on Mood, Feeling and Spelling Acquisition
Authors: Wilson Andrew , Kim Wonsun , Raudenbush Bryan
Published: May 2016

The purpose of the study is to investigate if the effects of chewing cinnamon flavored gum can increase mood, feeling and spelling acquisition. 5th grade students (n=22) at Ilshin elementary school in South Korea served as participants. The same students were required to take 4 spelling tests with 1 given every day over the course of 4 days. For the 1st day, students were required to answer pre-questionnaires pertaining to mood and feeling before studying the spelling words. Students were then given 15 minutes to study while using the rote learning techniques to memorize spelling words; however, they were not given any gum. Afterwards, students were required to take the spelling test to determine memorization achievement. Lastly, students were required to retake the post-questionnaires based on mood and feeling again. On days 2-4 the same protocol was performed, however with 5, 10 or 15 minutes of gum chewing. The results indicated that in terms of the test scores, 15 minutes of chewing resulted in better performance than 5 or 10 minutes of chewing. However, there were no significant outcomes related to the mood and feeling scores. Future research should examine the type of information used for the memorization task, since recall vs. recognition tasks may be differentially affected by chewing.
Bioterrorism — Characteristics and Possibilities of Prevention
Authors: Ambroziak Radosław , Ambroziak Sławomir J. , Katulski Ryszard J. , Sadowski Jarosław , Stefański Jacek , Lelo Edyta
Published: May 2016

In the paper bioterrorist threats have been presented. Historical background and possible methods of attacks have been described. The most dangerous pathogens and disease entities have been classified. Selected methods of detection and identification of biological weapon have been presented. The wireless system for threats monitoring - developed at Gdansk University of Technology - has been described.
Assessment of the Possibility of Using Point -To-Point Radio L inks in the Mimo System for Constructing the Local Area Network Backbone
Authors: Pluta Sławomir , Początko Grzegorz
Published: May 2016

The article presents the results of the research conducted to assess the possibility of replacing the wiring in the connection system of the local network backbone for constructing backup connections or for the localizations where architectonic conditions do not allow performing installation works related to structural wiring of a building. Testing laboratory environment has been developed using radio devices operating in the IEEE 802.11n standard. The paper reports the results of the transmission tests in the systems of point-to-point links using the MIMO technique to determine parameters of the data transmission performance-throughput and latency. The transfer tests in the MIMO system were conducted in the indoor and outdoor environment.
A Legal Analysis of the Precedents of Medical Disputes in the Cosmetic Surgery Field
Authors: Park Bo Young , Kim Min Ji , Kang So Ra , Hong Seung Eun
Published: May 2016

Background Disputes regarding medical malpractice occur between practitioners and patients. As patients have become increasingly aware regarding medical care, an increase in the unexpected side effects of procedures has been observed, thereby leading to an increase in disputes regarding medical malpractice. In this study, we reviewed trends in precedents involving cosmetic surgery-related medical disputes, with the goal of helping to prevent unnecessary disputes in the future.

Methods We conducted a search of the judgments made in South Korean courts between 2000 and 2013 that were related to the field of plastic surgery. A total of 54 judgments were analyzed, and the selected precedents were reviewed and classified according to the kind of negligence involved.

Results The claim amounts ranged from under 8 million KRW (6,991 USD) to 750 million KRW (629,995 USD). The most common ratio of the judgment amount to the claim amount was 20%–30%. The judgments were classified according to the following categories: violation of the duty of explanation in 17 cases (29%), violation of the duty of care in 10 cases (17%), violation of both duties in 20 cases (35%), and no violation of duty in six cases (10%).

Conclusions Cosmetic surgery-related suits require different approaches than general malpractice suits. The Supreme Court requires plastic surgeons to determine the type, timing, methods, and scope of their treatments when considering possible results. Therefore, practitioners should be educated on their rights and responsibilities to enable them to cope with any possible medical dispute that may arise.
Fat Harvest Using a Closed-Suction Drain
Authors: Amin Kavit , Zakeri Roxana , Mallucci Patrick
Published: May 2016

We propose a safe, simple, and novel method to harvest fat using a standard liposuction cannula and a Redivac or alternative closed-suction drain. The authors have used this technique for both 'dry' and 'wet' liposuction. This technique is both easy to perform and cost-effective whilst providing both a silent and relatively atraumatic fat harvest. The lower negative pressure compared with traditional harvesting systems likely preserves fat integrity for lipofilling. This method maximises resources already held within a hospital environment.
Climatological response of Indian low‐latitude ionosphere to geomagnetic storms
Authors: Suresh Sunanda , Dashora N.
Published: May 2016

A climatological response of low‐latitude ionosphere to geomagnetic storms is presented using long‐term global ionospheric maps data from June 1998 to June 2015 covering two solar cycles 23 and 24. The results are presented for daytime forenoon and afternoon sectors under minor, moderate, and major ionospheric storm categories based on minimum Dst index criterion. For the first time the effectiveness of storms is identified using monthly standard deviation as an indicator of the day to day variability in equatorial and low‐latitude ionosphere. Thus, results on climatology are definitive and form a database that would be comparable to statistical results from any other longitude and time. Seasonal statistics for total storms, effective positive and negative storms, and amplitude of mean seasonal perturbation in total electron content are obtained. Total and effective storms are found to be higher in solar cycle 23 than in 24 and only a couple of effective storms occurred during low solar activity 2007–2009 that too in minor category. Afternoon sector is found to be favorable for occurrence of maximum number of effective positive storms. A latitudinal preference is found for a given storm to be effective in either time sectors. Equinoctial asymmetry in ionospheric response both in terms of occurrence and perturbation amplitude is found. September equinoxes are found to bear maximum total, effective positive and negative storms. Winters are found more prone to negative storms, whereas summers have recorded minimum number of either of storms and minimum perturbation amplitudes.
Climatology of aerosol properties and clear‐sky shortwave radiative effects using Lidar and Sun photometer observations in the Dakar site
Authors: Mortier A. , Goloub P. , Derimian Y. , Tanré D. , Podvin T. , Blarel L. , Deroo C. , Marticorena B. , Diallo A. , Ndiaye T.
Published: May 2016

This paper presents the analysis of nearly a decade of continuous aerosol observations performed at the Mbour site (Senegal) with Sun photometer, Lidar, and Tapered Electromagnetic Oscillating Microbalance. This site is influenced all year‐round by desert dust and sporadically, in wintertime, by biomass burning particles. Different patterns are revealed for winter and summer, seasons associated to air masses of different origin. The summer (wet season) is characterized by a high aerosol loading (optical thickness, AOT, around 0.57 at 532 nm) composed of large and weakly absorbing particles (Angstrom exponent,α, of 0.23 and single‐scattering albedo, ϖ0, of 0.94 at 532 nm). A lower aerosol loading (AOT = 0.32) is observed during winter (dry season) for finer and absorbing particles (α = 0.48 and ϖ0 = 0.87) revealing the presence of biomass burning aerosols and a greater proportion of local emissions. This latter anthropogenic contribution is visible at weekly and daily scales through AOT cycles. A decrease of about 30% in AOT has been featured in autumn since 2003. The derivation of the extinction profiles highlights a dust transport close to the ground during winter and in an aloft layer (up to 5 km) during summer. Accurate calculations of the daily aerosol radiative effect in clear‐sky conditions are finally addressed. From spring to winter, seasonal shortwave radiative forcing averages of 14.15, 11.15, 8.92, and 12.06 W m−2have been found respectively. Up to 38% of the solar clear‐sky atmospheric heating can be attributed to the aerosols in this site.
Significant atmospheric aerosol pollution caused by world food cultivation
Authors: Bauer Susanne E. , Tsigaridis Kostas , Miller Ron
Published: May 2016

Particulate matter is a major concern for public health, causing cancer and cardiopulmonary mortality. Therefore, governments in most industrialized countries monitor and set limits for particulate matter. To assist policy makers, it is important to connect the chemical composition and severity of particulate pollution to its sources. Here we show how agricultural practices, livestock production, and the use of nitrogen fertilizers impact near‐surface air quality. In many densely populated areas, aerosols formed from gases that are released by fertilizer application and animal husbandry dominate over the combined contributions from all other anthropogenic pollution. Here we test reduction scenarios of combustion‐based and agricultural emissions that could lower air pollution. For a future scenario, we find opposite trends, decreasing nitrate aerosol formation near the surface while total tropospheric loads increase. This suggests that food production could be increased to match the growing global population without sacrificing air quality if combustion emission is decreased.
Electron jet of asymmetric reconnection
Authors: Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Graham D. B. , Norgren C. , Eriksson E. , Li W. , Johlander A. , Vaivads A. , André M. , Pritchett P. L. , Retinò A. , Phan T. D. , Ergun R. E. , Goodrich K. , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Marklund G. T. , Le Contel O. , Plaschke F. , Magnes W. , Strangeway R. J. , Russell C. T. , Vaith H. , Argall M. R. , Kletzing C. A. , Nakamura R. , Torbert R. B. , Paterson W. R. , Gershman D. J. , Dorelli J. C. , Avanov L. A. , Lavraud B. , Saito Y. , Giles B. L. , Pollock C. J. , Turner D. L. , Blake J. D. , Fennell J. F. , Jaynes A. , Mauk B. H. , Burch J. L.
Published: May 2016

We present Magnetospheric Multiscale observations of an electron‐scale current sheet and electron outflow jet for asymmetric reconnection with guide field at the subsolar magnetopause. The electron jet observed within the reconnection region has an electron Mach number of 0.35 and is associated with electron agyrotropy. The jet is unstable to an electrostatic instability which generates intense waves with E∥ amplitudes reaching up to 300 mV m−1 and potentials up to 20% of the electron thermal energy. We see evidence of interaction between the waves and the electron beam, leading to quick thermalization of the beam and stabilization of the instability. The wave phase speed is comparable to the ion thermal speed, suggesting that the instability is of Buneman type, and therefore introduces electron‐ion drag and leads to braking of the electron flow. Our observations demonstrate that electrostatic turbulence plays an important role in the electron‐scale physics of asymmetric reconnection.
Thermoelasticity of Fe3+‐ and Al‐bearing bridgmanite: Effects of iron spin crossover
Authors: Shukla Gaurav , Cococcioni Matteo , Wentzcovitch Renata M.
Published: May 2016

We report ab initio (LDA + Usc) calculations of thermoelastic properties of ferric iron (Fe3+)‐ and aluminum (Al)‐bearing bridgmanite (MgSiO3 perovskite), the main Earth forming phase, at relevant pressure and temperature conditions and compositions. Three coupled substitutions, namely, [Al]Mg‐[Al]Si, [Fe3+]Mg‐[Fe3+]Si, and [Fe3+]Mg‐[Al]Si have been investigated. Aggregate elastic moduli and sound velocities are successfully compared with limited experimental data available. In the case of [Fe3+]Mg‐[Fe3+]Si substitution, the high‐spin (S = 5/2) to low‐spin (S = 1/2) crossover in [Fe3+]Si induces a volume collapse and elastic anomalies across the transition region. However, the associated anomalies should disappear in the presence of aluminum in the most favorable substitution, i.e., [Fe3+]Mg‐[Al]Si. Calculated elastic properties along a lower mantle model geotherm suggest that the elastic behavior of bridgmanite with simultaneous substitution of Fe2O3 and Al2O3 in equal proportions or with Al2O3 in excess should be similar to that of (Mg,Fe2+)SiO3 bridgmanite. However, excess of Fe2O3 should produce elastic anomalies in the crossover pressure region.
Dynamics and distribution of Jovian dust ejected from the Galilean satellites
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Sachse Manuel , Spahn Frank , Schmidt Jürgen
Published: May 2016

In this paper, the dynamical analysis of the Jovian dust originating from the four Galilean moons is presented. High‐accuracy orbital integrations of dust particles are used to determine their dynamical evolution. A variety of forces are taken into account, including the Lorentz force, solar radiation pressure, Poynting‐Robertson drag, solar gravity, the satellites' gravity, plasma drag, and gravitational effects due to nonsphericity of Jupiter. More than 20,000 dust particles from each source moon in the size range from 0.05 μm to 1 cm are simulated over 8000 (Earth) years until each dust grain hits a sink (moons, Jupiter, or escape from the system). Configurations of dust number density in the Jovicentric equatorial inertial frame are calculated and shown. In a Jovicentric frame rotating with the Sun the dust distributions are found to be asymmetric. For certain small particle sizes, the dust population is displaced towards the Sun, while for certain larger sizes, the dust population is displaced away from the Sun. The average lifetime as a function of particle size for ejecta from each source moon is derived, and two sharp jumps in the average lifetime are analyzed. Transport of dust between the Galilean moons and to Jupiter is investigated. Most of the orbits for dust particles from Galilean moons are prograde, while, surprisingly, a small fraction of orbits are found to become retrograde mainly due to solar radiation pressure and Lorentz force. The distribution of orbital elements is also analyzed.
Reliable mixture critical point computation using polynomial homotopy continuation
Authors: Sidky Hythem , Whitmer Jonathan K. , Mehta Dhagash
Published: May 2016

The numerical computation of multicomponent mixture critical points has been the subject of much study due to their theoretical and practical importance. Both deterministic and stochastic methods have been applied with varying degrees of reliability and robustness. In this work, we utilize numerical polynomial homotopy continuation (NPHC) to reliably identify all mixture critical points. This method is unique due to its robustness, initialization‐free nature and ease of parallelization. For a given system of equations, all complex solutions are found. Computational times are also found to be invariant to mixture composition. We validate this technique against previous work and extend the method to mixtures of up to eight components. NPHC is shown to be a modern and powerful technique which offers mathematical reliability at a moderate computational cost. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical EngineersAIChE J, 62: 4497–4507, 2016
Optically Active Liquid Crystalline Polyoxometalates via Electrostatic Encapsulation with Cholesterol‐Containing Amphiphile
Authors: Zhang Jing , Li Jingfang , Yuan Hong , Zhang Guohua , Li Bao , Li Wen , Wei Xuehong , Duan Xin‐E , Wu Lixin
Published: May 2016

A novel cholesterol‐containing amphiphile was designed and prepared in the study, which is a room‐temperature ionic liquid crystal over a broad temperature range with pronounced chiroptical properties. Four types of inorganic polyoxometalates (PMs) with different numbers of charges were encapsulated by the chiral amphiphile. The incorporation of chiral organic cations triggers achiral PMs in the complexes to show induced chirality through intermolecular interactions, as demonstrated by circular dichroism spectroscopy. The electrostatic encapsulation with mesomorphic promoters provides the inorganic PMs with liquid crystalline behavior, characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. The strategy applied herein represents a unique example of liquid crystalline PM complexes with optical activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Ternary Variants of the Pyrite‐Type: Synthesis and Structure of SrPt4P6, SrPt4As6, BaPt4As6 and BaPt2P3.
Authors: WENSKI G. , MEWIS A.
Published: May 2016

The four title compounds have been prepared by annealing mixtures of the elements (excess Sr and Ba, resp., 1000 °C, 2 weeks).
ChemInform Abstract: pH‐Sensitive Ni(OH)2‐Based Microelectrochemical Transistors.
Authors: NATAN M. J. , BELANGER D. , CARPENTER M. K. , WRIGHTON M. S.
Published: May 2016

The electrochemical properties of pH‐sensitive Ni(OH)2‐based microelectrochemical transistors, prepared by cathodic electrochemical deposition of Ni(OH)2 onto Au or Pt microelectrode arrays, have been investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Corrosion Behaviour of Type 430 Stainless Steel in Formic and Acetic Acids
Authors: SEKINE I. , HATAKEYAMA S. , NAKAZAWA Y.
Published: May 2016

has been investigated by measuring the corrosion weight loss, the corrosion potential variation with time, the impedance at the steel‐solution interface, and the polarization curve.
ChemInform Abstract: High Temperature Synthesis of Mixed NiWS Hydrotreating Catalysts. Physicochemical Characterization and Catalytic Activities.
Authors: BELLALOUI A. , BREYSSE M. , LACROIX M. , MOSONI L. , ROUBIN M. , VRINAT M.
Published: May 2016

NiWS catalysts have been prepared by combination of the elements at 973 K (24 h) and their activities for the hydrogenation of biphenyl have been determined.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Iron(IV) Oxide with High Spin Configuration, SrLaMg0.50Fe0.50O4.
Authors: LI‐MING Z. , DEMAZEAU G. , FOURNES L. , POUCHARD M. , HAGENMULLER P.
Published: May 2016

The title compound has been prepared by calcination (600 °C, 1 h) of a stoichiometric mixture of the corresponding nitrates followed by O2‐treatment (1.
ChemInform Abstract: Electronic and Conformational Effects on π‐Facial Stereoselectivity in Nucleophilic Additions to Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: WU Y.‐D. , HOUK K. N.
Published: May 2016

Structures of the transition states and calculations of the stereoselectivities for the reduction of carbonyl compounds such as (I)‐(III) by NaH or LiAlH4, as well as for the methyl Grignard addition to (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Addition of Arenesulfonyl Iodides to Substituted Phenylacetylenes.
Authors: DA SILVA CORREA C. M. M. , FLEMING M. D. C. M.
Published: May 2016

The addition of arenesulfonyl iodides (I), especially tosyl iodide (Ia), to phenylacetylenes (II) and styrenes (V) in MeOH, EtOH, or benzene is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Photolysis of 1‐Aryl‐1,2,3‐triazoles; Rearrangement via 1H‐Azirines.
Authors: MITCHELL G. , REES C. W.
Published: May 2016

The preparation of various naphthyltriazoles such as (I), (III), (VII) or (IX) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: (E)‐Selective Olefination of Aldehydes by Means of gem‐Dichromium Reagents Derived by Reduction of gem‐Diiodoalkanes with Chromium(II) Chloride.
Authors: OKAZOE T. , TAKAI K. , UTIMOTO K.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of geminal dichromium reagents, formed from (II) or (V) and CrCl2 or CrCl2/DMF, with aldehydes (I) or (IV) predominantly yields E‐olefinated products (III) or (VI), and thus represents an alternative to the Wittig reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Study of the Acetyldemetalation of Benzyltrimethylstannane in the Presence of Aluminum Bromide.
Authors: ROZENBERG V. I. , NIKANOROV V. A. , REUTOV O. A.
Published: May 2016

Analogously to the known reaction of benzylmercury chloride, the title reaction gives a mixture of the ketones (III) ‐ (V), together with toluene (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Syntheses via Heterocyclic Intermediates. Part 32. Asymmetric Synthesis of Cyclic α‐Amino Acids by the Bislactim Ether Method.
Authors: SCHOELLKOPF U. + , HINRICHS R. , LONSKY R.
Published: May 2016

The bislactim ether (I) reacts with the dibromides (II) to give the bromides (III), which are cyclized to the bicyclic compounds (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Vinylic Organoboranes. Part 2. Improved Procedures for the Protonolysis of Alkenyldialkylboranes Providing a Simplified Stereospecific Synthesis of (Z)‐Alkenes.
Authors: BROWN H. C. , MOLANDER G. A.
Published: May 2016

The alkenylboranes (III), prepared from the alkynes (I) and the boranes (II), undergo mild protonolysis in methanol to yield the cis‐olefins (IV) and the borinates (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Anodic Oxidation of Some Bromophenols: Synthesis of Highly Brominated Diphenyl Ethers and Related Compounds.
Authors: IGUCHI M. , NISHIYAMA A. , ETOH H. , OKAMOTO K. , YAMAMURA S. , KATO Y.
Published: May 2016

Anodic oxidation of the bromophenols (I) and (IV) produces the brominated cyclohexadienone phenol ethers (II) and (VI) which are reduced with zinc in acetic acid, yielding the corresponding diphenyl ethers (VIII) and (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Triphenylene 1,2‐Oxide (1,2‐Epoxy‐1,2‐dihydrophenylene) and Absolute Configuration of the trans‐1,2‐Dihydro Diol Metabolite of Triphenylene. Crystal Structure of (‐)‐(1R,2R)‐trans‐2‐Bromo‐1‐menthyloxyacetoxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydrotriphenylene.
Authors: BOYD D. R. , KENNEDY D. A. , MALONE J. F. , O'KANE G. A. , THAKKER D. T. , YAGI H. , JERINA D. M.
Published: May 2016

The (+)‐configurated as well as the racemic bromohydrin (I) is converted to triphenylene 1,2‐oxide (IV) (the yields refer to the products derived from racemic (I)); in both cases a racemic mixture is obtained in accord with PMO calculations which predict rapid racemization via the corresponding oxepin.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tetrahydrofurans from Active Methylene Compounds via Radical Cyclization.
Authors: MORIYA O. , URATA Y. , IKEDA Y. , UENO Y. , ENDO T.
Published: May 2016

The vinyl ethers (III), prepared from the orthoformate (I) and the active methylene compounds (II), are cyclized with tributyltin hydride to yield the tetrahydrofuran derivatives (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Dichlorocyclobuta(b)benzofuran‐2a‐carboxylic Derivatives and 3‐(Trichloroethenyl)coumarin Through Cross Photocycloadduct of Coumarin and Tetrachloroethylene.
Authors: NONOYAMA S. , YONEZAWA N. , SAIGO K. , HASEGAWA M. , IITAKA Y.
Published: May 2016

On treatment with Et3N, the title photocycloadduct (III) undergoes cycloreversion via the intermediate (IV) to afford the title coumarin derivative (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Thiocarbonyl S‐Sulfides, a New Class of 1,3‐Dipoles.
Authors: HUISGEN R. , RAPP J.
Published: May 2016

Decomposition of the trithiolane (I) yields the unstable compound (III) and thiobenzophenone (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: New Synthesis and Spectroscopic Studies of Thialene (Cyclopenta(b)thiapyran).
Authors: KLEIN R. F. X. , HORAK V.
Published: May 2016

The α‐mercaptoketone (I) is coupled with the chloroketone (II) to give the thioether (III) which undergoes cyclization under acidic conditions, yielding a mixture of (IV) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Methyl 1‐Oxido‐2‐pyridyl Ketone Oxime with Acetic Anhydride: Formation of a 3‐Methylisoxazolo(4,5‐b)pyridine Derivative.
Authors: TAGAWA Y. , HONJO N. , GOTO Y. , KATO T.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of the isomeric oximes (I) with acetic anhydride (II) is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure‐Activity Relationships of Pyrazolo(4,3‐d)pyrimidin‐7‐ones as Adenosine Receptor Antagonists.
Authors: HAMILTON H. W. , ORTWINE D. F. , WORTH D. F. , BRISTOL J. A.
Published: May 2016

Nitration of the pyrazoles (I) produces the nitro derivatives (II) which are transformed to the pyrazolo(4,3‐d)pyrimidinones (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrido(4,3‐e)‐1,2‐thiazine‐3‐carboxamide. Synthesis and Antiinflammatory Activity of Pyrido(4,3‐e)‐1,2‐thiazine‐3‐carboxamide Derivatives.
Authors: SAITO K. , OKUTANI K.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds (V) are synthesized from 3‐sulfoisonicotinic acid (I) by cyclization of the N‐carbamoylmethyl sulfonamides (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of 2‐((Trimethylsilyl)methyl)‐1,3‐butadienes.
Authors: LIU C. , WANG K. K.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the allene (I) with 9‐borabicyclononane (9‐BBN) yields the allylborane (II) which reacts with the aldehydes or ketones (III) to give the adducts (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Derivatives of NPCl2(NSOCl)2 and (NPCl2)2NSOCl. Part 24. Friedel‐Crafts Reaction of (NPCl2)2NSOCl and cis‐NPCl2(NSOCl)2 with a Series of Monosubstituted Benzenes. The Structure of NPCl2NSO‐o‐C6H4ClNSO‐p‐C6H4Cl.
Authors: VIERSEN F. J. , BOSMA E. , DE RUITER B. , DHATHATHREYAN K. S. , VAN DE GRAMPEL J. C. , VAN BOLHUIS F.
Published: May 2016

Friedel‐Crafts reaction of (I) with a series of monosubstituted benzenes (II) yields the sulfur substituted products (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Polyfunctional Molecules. Part 94. Chromium‐ and Tungsten‐pentacarbonyl Derivatives of 4‐Methyl‐1,2,6‐triphosphatricyclo(2.2.1.02,6)heptane (P3‐Nortricyclane).
Authors: ELLERMANN J. , DEMUTH A. A. M.
Published: May 2016

The title ligand L is synthesized in a better yield (20%) than earlier described from P4, Na/K alloy and MeC(CH2Br)3 in boiling monoglyme.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of a Diiron Divinylidene Complex Formed by Oxidative Carbon‐Carbon Coupling.
Authors: IYER R. S. , SELEGUE J. P.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of (I) with iodosobenzene affords the title complex (II), which crystallizes in the space group P21/n with Z=4.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Ni Clusters with Se and PR3 (R: Ph, Et) as Ligands.
Authors: FENSKE D. , OHMER J.
Published: May 2016

Reactions of Se(SiMe3)2 (II) with the Ni complexes (III), (V), and (VII) lead to the metal‐rich clusters (I), (IV), (VI), and (VIII) as shown in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: On the Observance of the “Endo‐Principle” During Diene Synthesis in the δ16‐20‐Keto Steroid Series.
Authors: KAMERNITSKII A. V. , KULIKOVA L. E. , LEVINA I. S. , EL'YANOV B. S. , KAPUL'SKII A. E. , SIMONOV V. I.
Published: May 2016

16‐Dehydropregnenolone (I) reacts with piperylene (II) at elevated pressure, producing the 16α,17α‐cyclohexenopregnenolone (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Racemic Origins of the Stereochemically Homogeneous Biosphere. Biased Stereoselectivities in the Formation of Oligomeric Peptides.
Authors: GOLDBERG S. I. , CROSBY J. M. , IUSEM N. D. , YOUNES U. E.
Published: May 2016

Isotactic growth of prevital polymers is likely to be an important part of any mechanism that satisfactorily accounts for the enantioselective passage of biomolecules from their racemic beginnings to the stereochemical homogeneity of contemporary life.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of 2‐Methyl‐2‐propanethiol in the Synthesis of C‐Thioglycosyl Derivatives.
Authors: LOPEZ APARICIO F. J. , ZORRILLA BENITEZ F. , SANTOYO GONZALEZ F. , ASENSIO ROSELL J. L.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of (I) with 2‐methyl‐2‐propanethiol in an acidic medium yields a mixture of the diastereomers (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Vinylic Organoboranes. Part 4. A General, One‐Pot Synthesis of 6‐ and 7‐Alkyn‐1‐ols via Boracyclanes. Influence of Steric Effects in the Iodination of Lithium Alkynyl “Ate” Complexes of Dialkylborinates.
Authors: BROWN H. C. , BASAVAIAH D. , BHAT N. G.
Published: May 2016

The alkynyllithium compounds (II) form "ate" complexes with the boranes (I), (VI), or (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: New Arsenate Glasses
Authors: VAN UITERT L. G. , GRODKIEWICZ W. H. , BRUCE A. J.
Published: May 2016

formed from mixtures of ionic alkali‐metal meta‐arsenates, AAsO3, A: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, with somewhat covalent higher valence metal oxides have been prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Theoretical Modelling of Crevice and Pitting Corrosion
Authors: SHARLAND S. M.
Published: May 2016

Review: (47 refs.
NKp46‐mediated Dicer1 inactivation results in defective NK‐cell differentiation and effector functions in mice
Authors: Degouve Sophie , Tavares Armelle , Viel Sébastien , Walzer Thierry , Marçais Antoine
Published: May 2016

MicroRNAs control developmental pathways and effector functions in immune cells. Previous studies have studied the role of microRNAs in natural killer (NK) cells. However, the mouse models of microRNA depletion used were nonNK‐specific and only partially depleting, hampering the interpretation of the data obtained. To clarify the role of microRNAs in murine NK cells, we deleted the RNase III enzyme Dicer1 in NKp46‐expressing cells. We observed a drastic decrease in several microRNAs specifically in NK cells. Furthermore, the overall size of the “NK‐cell” pool was severely decreased, a phenotype associated with compromised survival. Moreover, performing a broad flow cytometry profiling, we show that Dicer1‐deficient NK cells failed to complete their differentiation program. In particular, several integrins were inappropriately expressed in mature NK cells. These defects coincided with decreased response to IL‐15, a cytokine responsible for “NK‐cell” maturation and survival. In addition, Dicer1 deletion impaired key “NK‐cell” functions: target cell killing and production of IFN‐γ, leading to defective control of metastasis. Dicer1 deletion thus affects “NK‐cell” biology in a cell intrinsic manner at several distinct stages.
Diffusiophoretic mobility of charge‐regulating porous particles
Authors: Li Wei C. , Keh Huan J.
Published: May 2016

The diffusiophoresis of a charge‐regulating porous sphere, such as polyelectrolyte coil, with an arbitrary thickness of the electric double layer in an electrolyte solution prescribed with a concentration gradient is analytically studied for the first time. The ionogenic functional groups and hydrodynamic frictional segments distribute uniformly within the permeable particle, and a charge regulation model for the association and dissociation reactions of the functional groups relates the fixed charge density to the local electric potential. The electrokinetic equations governing the electric potential, ionic electrochemical potential, and fluid velocity distributions are solved as power‐series expansions in the basic fixed charge density. An explicit formula for the diffusiophoretic mobility of the particle, which vanishes at the isoelectric point, is derived from a force balance. The effects of charge regulation on the diffusiophoretic mobility, which depend on various particle and electrolyte characteristics such as the reaction equilibrium constants of the ionogenic functional groups, are significant and interesting. The variation in the bulk concentration of the charge‐determining ions can produce more than one reversal in the direction of the diffusiophoretic velocity. The obtained results differ conspicuously from those of impermeable particles and provide valuable information for the interpretation of experimental data.