bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1960-1970’LERDE BİLİMKURGU SİNEMASINDA MOBİLYA
Authors: ERÇETİN Arzu , ERDEM Tolga
Published: April 2022

Cınema is a unique means of expression. Pictures and sounds are the elements of the language of cinema. One of the elements that support these elements is furniture, which is one of the working areas of the design concept. The cinema genre that is most intertwined with the design discipline is science fiction. In this research, the relationship between cinema and space is examined on the science fiction movies and series of 1960-70, when the theme of Space in the context of furniture was at its peak. Within the scope of the study, the effects of the furniture used on the spatial narratives in the science fiction movies and series in the 1960s and 1970s were examined by taking the Star Trek series and Star Wars movies into consideration. The aim of this study is to reveal how the concept of design, which is a multidimensional discipline, brings together different dimensions from cinema to product scale as a whole, and to create a resource for similar studies to be carried out.
SOSYAL MEDYA VE MAHREMİYET: “YOU” DİZİSİ ÇÖZÜMLEMESİ
Authors: ÜNLÜ DALAYLI Feyza
Published: April 2022

In general, throughout the history of humanity, every power and sovereign power has developed and used surveillance and control techniques for the masses using many methods. On the other hand, especially in the last 20 years, with the development of social media environments has changed the way of surveillance. With the influence of globalization and the promises of the information society, new media spread all over the world and everywhere has turned into superpanoptic fields. Online environments are now replacing the actual spaces of communities. The reason why the concept of Superpanopticon is used instead of Panopticon in this research is that Panopticon is no longer able to express today's surveillance structures and techniques. For this reason, the concept of superpanopticon has been used to express this new situation of surveillance in social media environments and to emphasize that surveillance has become much more comprehensive. This study aims to reveal the impact of social media, which has now become a threat to privacy, from the panopticon to superpanopticon and synopticon on the social structures of today. In this context, “You” series is tried to be interpreted by content analysis method.
Bilateral Xanthogranulomatous Oophoritis Mimicking Malignancy- A Rare Case Report
Authors: Kabra Hardik , Das Prajna , Chouhan Devika , Raman Sarojini , Senapati Urmila
Published: April 2022

Xanthogranulomatous Oophoritis is an uncommon form of chronic inflammation of genitourinary system. The exact aetiology of this entity is unknown, but it shares similar histopathological findings to those occurring in various other organs, including the gallbladder and kidney. It is often mistaken for ovarian malignancy clinically and radiologically. A vigilant histopathological evaluation is important to diagnose the disease. The current case is of 38-year-old, premenopausal female presented with fever and lower abdominal pain. The case was suspected as bilateral malignant adnexal mass by imaging and tumor marker studies. Final diagnosis of bilateral xanthogranulomatous oophoritis was established after histopathological examination.
Arima Model for Forecasting of Monthly Rainfall and Temperature in the Lake Victoria Basin
Authors: Robert Oryiema
Published: April 2022

The rise in global temperature which is global warming has lead to erratic and disruptive weather pattern in several regions of the world including the area surrounding the Lake Victoria basin. Likewise, economic activities associated with Lake Victoria and its Basin such as agriculture, fishing, mining and transportation are significantly affected by this climatic changes. The primary cause of negative impact that stems from this changes is lack of reliable information that can be used to predict and address the climatic variations within the basin. The objective of this research is to identify a suitable time series model that can be used to analyse and predict this weather variations and pattern around the Lake Victoria basin. This research uses Box jenskin methodology to build ARIMA(2,0,1) model for rainfall pattern around Lake Victoria basin. The data is obtained from three Kenya Meteorological Department weather stations as secondary data from the years 2008 to 2014. In this research, data from the years 2008 to 2010 was used to estimate the values for the years 2011 to 2013. The relationship from the research showed a strong positive relationship which indicates high level of accuracy on predictability by the model.
Comparative Life Table of Aphis craccivora on Blackgram under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Sasikumar K. , Ganapathy N. , Shanthi M.
Published: April 2022

The blackgram aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch, is an important pest of Robinia pseudoacacia Frisia. The life table parameters of A. craccivora were determined under laboratory conduction. The results revealed that in blackgram, the net reproductive rate (17.23 individuals per female), mean generation time (11.73 days) and doubling time (2.868/days) were higher at 300 C and lower at 350C viz., 11.10, 9.68 and 2.787 respectively. The intrinsic rate of increase (0.249 day) and finite rate of increase (1.282 day) were at the maximum in 300C and at the minimum in 350C viz., 0.242 and 1.273 days respectively in blackgram.
Effect of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertigation Schedules on Plant Growth Parameters and Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Sunflower
Authors: Preethika Reddy K. , Uma Devi M. , Ramulu V. , Madhavi M.
Published: April 2022

A field experiment was conducted at Water Technology Centre, College farm, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad with sunflower (variety DRSH-1) during rabi 2017-18 in a randomized block design with three replications and the treatments were nine with combinations of N (75 kg ha-1) and K (30 kg ha-1) fertilizers applied by fertigation through ventury at different intervals viz., 3 days and 4 days. Drip irrigation was scheduled once in 2 days at 0.8 E pan. Fertigation was imposed at 16 DAS to 88 DAS and completed in 19 and 10 splits in 4 and 8 days interval respectively. The source of N and K fertilizers was urea and potassium sulphate respectively. The soil was sandy clay loam in texture, alkaline in reaction, non saline, low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and potassium. The amount of total irrigation water applied was 3188 m3 and 4666 m3 in drip irrigation and furrow irrigation treatments, respectively. The N and K fertigation (75-30 kg N-K2O ha-1) at 4 days interval has recorded relatively higher plant growth parameters like number of leaves plant-1 (25.5),  plant height (208 cm),  SPAD Chlorophyll Meter Reading (55.7), leaf area index (3.5) and dry matter (158.1 g m-2) which were on par with N and K at 8 days interval.

Higher N-FUE (12.8 kg seed yield / nutrient applied) and K-FUE (25.6 kg seed yield / kg nutrient applied) was recorded in application of N+K at 4 days interval.
Stable α‐FAPbI3 in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Exceeding 22% via a Self‐Passivation Strategy
Authors: Zhang Diwei , Zhang Huidong , Guo Huanxin , Ye Fangyuan , Liu Shuaijun , Wu Yongzhen
Published: April 2022

Formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) has endowed power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) up to 25.5% in regular‐structured perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because of its optimal bandgap and enhanced thermal stability. However, the performance of FAPbI3‐based inverted‐structured PSCs is unsatisfactory. Herein, four kinds of commonly used hole transport materials (HTMs) are selected, including PEDOT:PSS, PTAA, NiOx, and MeO‐2PACz, to study their impact on the methylamine chloride (MACl)‐assisted one‐step deposition of FAPbI3 films. It is found that MeO‐2PACz is the optimal substrate for stabilizing black‐phase FAPbI3 and the corresponding inverted‐structured PSCs show the best photovoltaic performance. Nonetheless, the PCE is restricted by low open‐circuit voltage (VOC) due to non‐radiative recombination caused by MACl residues. Therefore, homologous PbI2 in situ passivation is implemented to passivate defects at grain boundaries. The addition of excess PbI2 in precursor solution remarkably decreases charge trap densities and elongates carrier lifetimes. As a result, the optimized device achieves an impressive PCE of 22.13%, which is the highest efficiency of FAPbI3 based on inverted‐structured PSCs. Moreover, the best device exhibits free hysteresis and excellent long‐term stability, maintaining 92% of the initial PCEs after 800 h aging under ambient conditions.
Smart Shape‐Memory Polymeric String for the Contraction of Blood Vessels in Fetal Surgery of Sacrococcygeal Teratoma
Authors: Fulati Ailifeire , Uto Koichiro , Iwanaga Masanobu , Watanabe Miho , Ebara Mitsuhiro
Published: April 2022

Shape‐memory polymers (SMPs) are promising materials in numerous emerging biomedical applications owing to their unique shape‐memory characteristics. However, simultaneous realization of high strength, toughness, stretchability while maintaining high shape fixity (Rf) and shape recovery ratio (Rr) remains a challenge that hinders their practical applications. Herein, a novel shape‐memory polymeric string (SMP string) that is ultra‐stretchable (up to 1570%), strong (up to 345 MPa), tough (up to 237.9 MJ m−3), and highly recoverable (Rf averagely above 99.5%, Rr averagely above 99.1%) through a facile approach fabricated solely by tetra‐branched poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) is reported. Notably, the shape‐memory contraction force (up to 7.97 N) of this SMP string is customizable with the manipulation of their energy storage capacity by adjusting the string thickness and stretchability. In addition, this SMP string displays a controllable shape‐memory response time and demonstrates excellent shape‐memory‐induced contraction effect against both rigid silicone tubes and porcine carotids. This novel SMP string is envisioned to be applied in the contraction of blood vessels and resolves the difficulties in the restriction of blood flow in minimally invasive surgeries such as fetoscopic surgery of sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT).
Halide Perovskite Crystallization Processes and Methods in Nanocrystals, Single Crystals, and Thin Films
Authors: Gao Qiaojiao , Qi Jianhang , Chen Kai , Xia Minghao , Hu Yue , Mei Anyi , Han Hongwei
Published: April 2022

Halide perovskite semiconductors with extraordinary optoelectronic properties have been fascinatedly studied. Halide perovskite nanocrystals, single crystals, and thin films have been prepared for various fields, such as light emission, light detection, and light harvesting. High‐performance devices rely on high crystal quality determined by the nucleation and crystal growth process. Here, the fundamental understanding of the crystallization process driven by supersaturation of the solution is discussed and the methods for halide perovskite crystals are summarized. Supersaturation determines the proportion and the average Gibbs free energy changes for surface and volume molecular units involved in the spontaneous aggregation, which could be stable in the solution and induce homogeneous nucleation only when the solution exceeds a required minimum critical concentration (Cmin). Crystal growth and heterogeneous nucleation are thermodynamically easier than homogeneous nucleation due to the existent surfaces. Nanocrystals are mainly prepared via the nucleation‐dominated process by rapidly increasing the concentration over Cmin, single crystals are mainly prepared via the growth‐dominated process by keeping the concentration between solubility and Cmin, while thin films are mainly prepared by compromising the nucleation and growth processes to ensure compactness and grain sizes. Typical strategies for preparing these three forms of halide perovskites are also reviewed.
Flexible Supercapacitor with a Pure DNA Gel Electrolyte
Authors: Mitta Sekhar Babu , Harpalsinh Rana , Kim Jeonghun , Park Ho Seok , Um Soong Ho
Published: April 2022

Due to the demand for next‐generation green wearable and flexible energy storage devices, gel‐based electrolytes are attracting much attention as a key part of this system, but existing materials are problematic because of their low performance. It is necessary to maintain the function of the material by allowing it to be bent in the form of amorphous gels, easily manufactured in large quantities without toxic chemical binders used in everyday life. Here, a new storage device driven by a genetic DNA gel electrolyte is presented. The DNA gel is amorphous and intrinsically high‐electrostatic. The separator‐free device for a supercapacitor exhibits a high ionic conductivity with excellent mechanical integrity and demonstrates a maximum specific capacitance superior to liquid and other gel electrolytes. In LED lighting, the DNA gel supercapacitor (D‐gel‐SC) with higher flexibility delivers maximum energy and power density. It can even survive harsh environmental conditions without further degradation in performance. This material is promising for use as a core material for new energy storage devices.
Bioinspired Sialic Acid Regulated Ion Nanochannel
Authors: Lu Wenqi , Li Minmin , Xiong Yuting , Sun Wenjing , Yang Hang , Qin Haijuan , Xiao Jie , Zhang Fusheng , Song Mengyuan , Wang Xue , Qing Guangyan
Published: April 2022

Human perception is inextricably linked to numerous ion channels, and sodium channel is one of the important ion channels. Sialic acid‐terminated glycan chains are commonly found on the surface of the sodium channel, which can induce the channel surface depolarization and thus contribute a regulation mechanism for the closing and opening (i.e., “ON” and “OFF”) of the sodium channel. However, the development of artificial ion channel to achieve precise regulation remains a challenging task. In this work, taking advantage of the conformational change of smart polymer from a contracted state to a swollen one, a functional polymer‐modified ion nanochannel is demonstrated that shows the free sialic acid‐responsive “ON” to “OFF” regulation in ion flow through the nanochannel. Furthermore, the distinct recognition interactions of the polymer toward different sialic acids allow for the nanochannel to exhibit the highly selective and sensitive recognition of them. This work provides a biomimetic perspective to understand the regulation of biological ion channel, but also presents the application scenarios in the analysis of sialic acids and sialylated glycans, as well as the capture of metastatic tumor cells.
Printable Electrolytes: Tuning 3D‐Printing by Multiple Hydrogen Bonds and Added Inorganic Lithium‐Salts
Authors: Rupp Harald , Bhandary Rajesh , Kulkarni Amit , Binder Wolfgang
Published: April 2022

Here, the 3D‐printing of supramolecular polymer electrolytes is reported, able to be manufactured via 3D‐printing processes, additionally dynamically compensating for volume changes. A careful mechanical design, in addition to rheological effects observed for different additives to the electrolyte, is investigated and adjusted, in order to achieve printability via an extrusion process to generate a conductive electrode material. Qudruple‐hydrogen bonds (UPy) act as supramolecular entities for the desired dynamic properties to adjust printability, in addition to added LiTFSi‐salts to achieve ionic conductivities of ≈10–4 S cm–1 at T = 80 °C. Three different telechelic UPy‐PEO/PPO‐UPy‐polymers with molecular weights ranging from Mn = 600–1500 g mol−1 were investigated in view of their 3D‐printability by FDM‐processes. It is found that there are three effects counterbalancing the rheological properties of the polymers: besides temperatures, which can be used as a known tool to adjust melt‐rheology, also the addition of lithium‐salts in junction with the polymers crystallinity exerts a major toolbox to 3D‐print these electrolytes. Using specific compositions with Li/EO‐ratios from 20:1, 10:1, and 5:1, the rheological profile can be adjusted to reach the required printability window. AT‐IR‐investigations clearly indicate a weakening of the UPy‐bonds by the added Li+ ions, in addition to a reduction of the crystallinity of the PEO‐units, further changing the rheological profile. The so generated electrolytes are printable systems for novel electrolytes.
In‐Plane Twinning Defects in Hexagonal GeSb2Te4
Authors: Wang Jiang‐Jing , Zhang Hang‐Ming , Wang Xu‐Dong , Lu Lu , Jia Chunlin , Zhang Wei , Mazzarello Riccardo
Published: April 2022

Ge–Sb–Te (GST) alloys are an important family of phase‐change materials employed in non‐volatile memories and neuromorphic devices. Conventional memory cells based on GST rely on the switching between an amorphous state and a metastable, disordered rocksalt‐like phase. Recently, however, it has been proposed that a special type of defect in layer‐structured GST—the so called “swapped bilayer” defect—is responsible for a novel phase‐change mechanism observed in GST‐based superlattices. Thus, disorder appears to play an important role in both types of switching mechanisms. Here, the observation of a new in‐plane twinning defect in hexagonal GeSb2Te4 by direct atomic‐scale imaging experiments is reported, which serves as the key ingredient to account for the abundance of inverted stacking faults in hexagonal GST and superlattices. Ab initio simulations reveal a low energy cost for these extended defects, and indicate that such defects can affect the electrical properties by inducing electron localization. This work provides additional insight into the nature and effects of structural disorder in GST phase‐change materials.
Advanced Halide Scintillators: From the Bulk to Nano
Authors: Vaněček Vojtěch , Děcká Kateřina , Mihóková Eva , Čuba Václav , Král Robert , Nikl Martin
Published: April 2022

Halide scintillators have been playing a crucial role in the detection of ionizing radiation since the discovery of scintillation in NaI:Tl in 1948. The discovery of NaI:Tl motivated the research and development (R&D) of halide scintillators, resulting in the development of CsI:Tl, CsI:Na, CaF2:Eu, etc. Later, the R&D shifted toward oxide materials due to their high mechanical and chemical stability, good scintillation properties, and relative ease of bulk single‐crystal growth. However, the development in crystal growth technology allows for the growth of high‐quality single crystals of hygroscopic and mechanically fragile materials including SrI2and LaBr3. Scintillators based on these materials exhibit excellent performance and push the limits of inorganic scintillators. These results motivate intense research of a large variety of halide‐based scintillators. Moreover, materials based on lead halide perovskites find applications in the fields of photovoltaics, solid‐state lighting, and lasers. The first studies show also the significant potential of lead halide perovskites as ultrafast scintillators in the form of nanocrystals. The purpose of this review is to summarize the R&D in the field of halide scintillators during the last decade and highlight perspectives for future development.
Chemiexcitation‐Triggered Prodrug Activation for Targeted Carbon Monoxide Delivery
Authors: Min Qingqiang , Ni Zihui , You Meng , Liu Miao , Zhou Zhou , Ke Hengte , Ji Xingyue
Published: April 2022

Photolysis‐based prodrug strategy can address some critical drug delivery issues, which otherwise are very challenging to tackle with traditional prodrug strategy. However, the need for external light irradiation significantly hampers its in vivo application due to the poor light accessibility of deep tissue. Herein, we propose a new strategy of chemiexcitation‐triggered prodrug activation, wherein a photoresponsive prodrug is excited for drug payload release by chemiexcitation instead of photoirradiation. As such, the bond‐cleavage power of photolysis can be employed to address some critical drug delivery issues while obviating the need for external light irradiation. We have established the proof of concept by the successful development of a chemiexcitation responsive carbon monoxide delivery platform, which exhibited specific CO release at the tumor site and pronounced tumor suppression effects. We anticipate that such a concept of chemiexcitation‐triggered prodrug activation can be leveraged for the targeted delivery of other small molecule‐based drug payloads.
Rational Design of Silicon‐Based Zinc Ionophores
Authors: Yamada Kei , Deb Arghya , Shoba Veronika M. , Lim Donghyun , Maji Basudeb , Modell Ashley E. , Choudhary Amit
Published: April 2022

Ionophores transport ions across biological membranes and have wide‐ranging applications, but a platform for their rapid development does not exist. We report a platform for developing ionophores from metal‐ion chelators, which are readily available with wide‐ranging affinities and specificities, and structural data that can aid rational design. Specifically, we fine‐tuned the binding affinity and lipophilicity of a ZnII‐chelating ligand by introducing silyl groups proximal to the ZnII‐binding pocket, which generated ionophores that performed better than most of the currently known ZnII ionophores. Furthermore, these silicon‐based ionophores were specific for ZnII over other metals and exhibited better antibacterial activity and less toxicity to mammalian cells than several known ZnII ionophores, including pyrithione. These studies establish rational design principles for the rapid development of potent and specific ionophores and a new class of antibacterial agents.
Geospatial assessment of freshwater invasive species to inform turtle conservation and management
Authors: Araya‐Donoso Raúl , Orton Joseph P. , Ryan Mason J. , Jones Cristina A. , Kusumi Kenro , Dolby Greer A.
Published: April 2022

Identifying the ecological factors that determine the spread of invasive species is key to adequately managing endangered species in freshwater ecosystems. Invasive species are a main threat to turtles, which are targets of major conservation efforts worldwide.

In freshwater ecosystems of the south‐western USA, invasive bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) and crayfish species (Faxonius virilis and Procambarus clarkii) represent a major risk to the desert mud turtle (Kinosternon sonoriense sonoriense), state‐listed as a Species of Greatest Conservation Need in Arizona. As a species in the early stages of population decline, the desert mud turtle is a top candidate for the development of management plans to decrease extinction risk.

An invasion risk assessment tool was built from available occurrence data for K. s. sonoriense and the invasive bullfrog and crayfish species in Arizona using 5,886 de‐duplicated records from public databases and reports from the Arizona Game and Fish Department. The occurrence density of K. s. sonoriense was calculated state‐wide to define populations in which the level of invasion by bullfrog and crayfish was assessed. The environmental factors associated with the abundance of invasive species in populations of K. s. sonoriense were then analysed.

A higher prevalence of crayfish and bullfrog was detected in turtle populations located in perennial streams. Invasive abundance was significantly higher in turtle populations at higher elevation and closer to the main river trunk for both invasive taxa. Higher bullfrog abundance was detected near human settlements, whereas crayfish were more abundant further from human settlements.

These results will inform which populations of K. s. sonoriense require intensive surveying and control of invasive species to maintain the health of native desert mud turtle populations. This study provides valuable information regarding the environmental conditions associated with the abundance of invasive species threatening turtle populations, helping to develop science‐based management of freshwater ecosystems.
Forearm muscle activity estimation based on anatomical structure of muscles
Authors: Okajima Shotaro , Costa‐García ÁLvaro , Ueda Sayako , Yang Ningjia , Shimoda Shingo
Published: April 2022

Estimation of muscle activity using surface electromyography (sEMG) is an important non‐invasive method that can lead to a deeper understanding of motor‐control strategies in humans. Measurement using multiple active electrodes is necessary to estimate not only surface muscle activity but also deep muscle activity in dynamic motion. In this paper, we propose a method for estimating muscle activity of dynamic motions based on anatomical knowledge of muscle structures. To estimate muscle activity, a large number of signal sources are set in the muscle model, and connections between the signal sources are defined a priori based on the anatomical structure of the muscles. The signal source activities are first estimated by minimizing the Kullback–Leibler divergence with a continuity cost. Then, the muscle activity is computed from the signal source activity. In the experiments, five healthy participants performed five types of motion and the forearm sEMG was measured with 20‐channel active electrodes. The estimation results for these motions were visualized in four dimensions as the three‐dimensional position of the muscle over time. The results showed that the estimation was accurate, with a reproduction rate of 95% for the measured sEMG and continuity of the muscle activity. In addition, the results suggest the advantage of the proposed method over the conventional approaches in terms of estimating the muscle activity for both dynamic and abnormal motions.
Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction by Molecular Ruthenium Complexes with Polypyridyl Ligands
Authors: Huang Yan , He Huixin , Liu Jiale , Thummel Randolph P. , Tong Lianpeng
Published: April 2022

Two series of ruthenium complexes with various polypyridyl ligands have been prepared. One series of complexes (5 examples) are featured with tetradentate polypyridyl ligands and two acetonitrile molecules at the axial positions of the coordination sphere; the other series (3 examples) include combinations of a tridentate polypyridyl ligand, one 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy) or two picolines, and one acetonitrile ligand. All these complexes were fully characterized by their NMR spectra as well as X‐ray single crystal structures. Their electronic absorption and redox data were measured and reported. Of the 8 complexes, three candidates effectively catalyze electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) in wet acetonitrile medium, generating CO as the major product. All these three catalytically active complexes contain a 2,2′:6′,2′′:6′′,2′′′‐quaterpyridine (qpy) ligand scaffold. A maximum turnover frequency (TOFmax) of>1000 s−1 was achieved for the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction at a modest overpotential. On the basis of electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical evidences, the CO2 substrate was proposed to bind with the ruthenium center at the two‐electron reduced state of the complex and then entered the catalytic cycle.
Measuring the prediction of observed actions using an occlusion paradigm: Comparing autistic and non‐autistic adults
Authors: Gowen Emma , Poliakoff Ellen , Shepherd Hayley , Stadler Waltraud
Published: April 2022

Action prediction involves observing and predicting the actions of others and plays an important role in social cognition and interacting with others. It is thought to use simulation, whereby the observers use their own motor system to predict the observed actions. As individuals diagnosed with autism are characterized by difficulties understanding the actions of others and motor coordination issues, it is possible that action prediction ability is altered in this population. This study compared action prediction ability between 20 autistic and 22 non‐autistic adults using an occlusion paradigm. Participants watched different videos of a female actor carrying out everyday actions. During each video, the action was transiently occluded by a gray rectangle for 1000 ms. During occlusions, the video was allowed to continue as normal or was moved forward (i.e., appearing to continue too far ahead) or moved backwards (i.e., appearing to continue too far behind). Participants were asked to indicate after each occlusion whether the action continued with the correct timing or was too far ahead/behind. Autistic individuals were less accurate than non‐autistic individuals, particularly when the video was too far behind. A trend analysis suggested that autistic participants were more likely to judge too far behind occlusions as being in time. These preliminary results suggest that prediction ability may be altered in autistic adults, potentially due to slower simulation or a delayed onset of these processes.

Lay Summary

When we observe other people performing everyday actions, we use their movements to help us understand and predict what they are doing. In this study, we found that autistic compared to non‐autistic adults were slightly less accurate at predicting other people's actions. These findings help to unpick the different ways that social understanding is affected in autism.
A photoelectrochemical sensor combining CS−GSH−CuNCs and xanthine oxidase for the detection of xanthine
Authors: Chen Xiaoxiao , Li Pu , Luo Chen , Huang Chaobiao
Published: April 2022

A photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor combining chitosan‐coated and glutathione‐protected copper nanocluster (CS−GSH−CuNCs) with peroxidase‐like activity and xanthine oxidase (XAO) was developed for rapid detection of xanthine. Firstly, CS−GSH−CuNCs was prepared by glutathione (GSH) reduction using chitosan (CS) as protective agent, and then was modified on titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs)/ITO electrode which was prepared by sintering titanium dioxide (TiO2) on the ITO electrode surface by high temperature calcination. After excited by light at 350 nm, the photoinduced electrons from the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of CS−GSH−CuNCs were transferred to the conduction band of TiO2, which resulted in spatial separation of electron‐hole and enhancement of photocurrent signal. XAO oxidizes xanthine to produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Part of the photoinduced electrons from CS−GSH−CuNCs transferred and catalyzed the reduction of H2O2, resulting in the reduction of the photocurrent. Under optimal conditions, the PEC sensor exhibits good sensitivity and reproducibility with the limit of detection (LOD) of 6.6 nmol ⋅ L−1 and a relative standard deviation of 3.5 % for 10 replicate detections of 1.00 μmol ⋅ L−1 xanthine and the linear range of 0.04–90.0 μmol ⋅ L−1 for xanthine. Furthermore, the PEC sensor presents nice selectivity owing to its enzyme‐like activity and was successfully applied to human urine, indicating its great potential for real sample analysis.
Beliefs about food allergies in adolescents aged 11–19 years: A systematic review
Authors: Newman Kristina L. , Chater Angel , Knibb Rebecca C.
Published: April 2022

Aims

Research suggests of people with food allergy (FA), adolescents have the highest risk of fatal allergic reactions to food, yet understanding of this population and how they manage their condition is limited. Understanding beliefs and how they affect behaviour could inform ways to reduce risk taking behaviour and fatal reactions in adolescents. This systematic review aimed to explore beliefs adolescents hold about their FA, and how these may be associated with FA management.

Demographics

Adolescents aged 11–19 years with FA.

Methodology

A systematic search of seven databases was conducted. Papers of any design were included that reported on the beliefs about FA in adolescents aged 11–19 years. Data was systemised by narrative thematic analysis.

Findings

20 studies were included. Themes included navigating FA in different environments, carriage and use of adrenaline auto‐injectors, management of the risk of anaphylaxis, behaviour and understanding of others, and food‐allergic identity.

Implications

Adolescents with FA hold a variety of condition beliefs; some beliefs were related to behaviour that could lead to an allergic reaction, while other beliefs were related to protective behaviours. Further research into understanding adolescent beliefs in order to inform clinical management and reduce the risk of potential fatal reactions is essential.
Optoelectronic and Photovoltaic Properties of (NH4)3Bi2I9: A Perovskite‐like Energy Material for Pb‐free Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ahmad Khursheed , Kumar Praveen , Kim Haekyoung , Mobin Shaikh M.
Published: April 2022

Recent few years have witnessed a tremendous surge in the design and fabrication of lead (Pb)‐free perovskite or perovskite‐like materials for the development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Bismuth halide perovskite materials such as (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9, Cs3Bi2I9 and FA3Bi2I9 have been utilized as highly efficient perovskite light absorbers in terms of aerobic stability. Herein, we have investigated the optoelectronic properties of the (NH4)3Bi2I9 perovskite and employed as light absorber in the construction of Pb free PSCs. Solvent engineering approach was utilized to improve the photovoltaic performance of the (NH4)3Bi2I9 perovskite based PSCs. The probable HOMO and LUMO energy level values of the (NH4)3Bi2I9 perovskite were also investigated and the band gap of the (NH4)3Bi2I9 perovskite was found to be of 2.1 eV. The developed PSCs device exhibited the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ∼0.6%.
An optimized novel public cloud system to secure the medical record from third parties
Authors: Singh Kishan Kumar , Jha Vijay Kumar
Published: April 2022

Nowadays, modern technologies are growing rapidly by advancing their application day by day. Moreover, the Internet of Things (IoT) is well utilized in many applications for sensing and information gathering purposes. Considering this, medical applications have used the advances of IoT facilities in sensing the disease rate in humans. After sensing, the sensed data is stored in the cloud system, so securing the cloud system is the more required task to maintain the privacy of the patient's data. But, in front of malicious activities, securing the data is not easy. So, the present research has proposed a novel African buffalo‐based International Data Encryption (ABIDE) public cloud system to secure the medical database during the data transmission. The developed technique is utilized in a public cloud system. The main objective of this research is to secure medical data during transmission. Moreover, the implementation of the proposed ABIDE algorithm is done in the MATLAB environment. Consequently, the performance of the developed technique is compared with existing methods in terms of resource usage, encryption time, decryption time and so forth. Therefore, the proposed model has attained the finest confidential rate of 98.98%, throughput 97.86% and less processing time of 4 ms.
Evaluation of pH and calcium ion release at the simulated external root resorption cavities of teeth obturated with bioceramic sealer
Authors: Angkasuvan Vitchayapun , Panichuttra Anchana , Nawachinda Mettachit , Ratisoontorn Chootima
Published: April 2022

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate pH and calcium ion release at the outer dentin surface of simulated external root resorption cavities after root canals obturated with bioceramic root canal sealer compared with those medicated with calcium hydroxide.

Materials and Methods

Sixty extracted human single‐rooted teeth were selected and instrumented. External root resorption cavities were prepared at the lingual surface of the root. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups: (1) Bioceramic sealer group, canals were obturated with gutta‐percha and BioRoot sealer; (2) Calcium hydroxide group, canals were medicated with UltraCal XS; (3) Control group, canals were left empty. Thirty specimens were used for evaluation of pH at 7, 14, and 28 days (n = 10 per group) and the other 30 specimens were used for evaluation of calcium ion diffusion at 28 days (n = 10 per group).

Results

Calcium hydroxide group showed the highest median pH value at all time points (7, 14, and 28 days). Both calcium hydroxide and bioceramic sealer groups showed significantly higher median pH values compared with control (p < .001). Comparing within groups, both bioceramic sealer group and calcium hydroxide group showed significantly decreased median pH over time, while the median pH of the control did not show any significant difference among Days 7, 14, and 28. Both calcium hydroxide and bioceramic sealer groups had significantly higher calcium ion release than control. Notably, bioceramic sealer group showed significantly higher calcium ion release than the calcium hydroxide group (p < .01).

Conclusions

Root canals obturated with gutta‐percha and bioceramic sealer showed high calcium ion levels at the simulated external root resorption cavities but did not show an extended period of alkaline pH.
Mechanistic insights into chloride‐related heart failure progression according to the plasma volume status
Authors: Kataoka Hajime
Published: April 2022

Aims

Two types of heart failure (HF) progression were recently proposed on the basis of an increased vs. non‐increased serum chloride concentration. The applicability of this concept to real‐world HF pathophysiology requires further investigation. The present study evaluated the mechanisms of HF progression to a different type according to changes in the estimated plasma volume status (ePVS).

Methods and results

Data from 47 patients (32% men; 78.2 ± 9.7 years of age) with stable to worsening HF (37.5 ± 16 days) were analysed. Physical examination, standard blood tests, and b‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) measurements were conducted. The ePVS was calculated as follows: ePVS (dL/g) = [100 − haematocrit (%)]/[haemoglobin (g/dL)]. For the study subjects as a whole (n = 47), changes in the ePVS correlated positively with changes in the serum chloride concentration from stable to worsening HF (r = 0.398, P = 0.0056). When divided into two groups of worsening HF with an increased (n = 31) vs. non‐increased serum chloride concentration (n = 16), no significant baseline differences in body weight, serum logBNP, or ePVS were detected between groups. Under worsening HF, the increase in body weight (2.34 ± 1.12 vs. 2.59 ± 1.56 kg, P = 0.57) and logBNP (0.39 ± 0.30 vs. 0.54 ± 0.31 pg/mL, P = 0.13) did not differ between groups, but the increase in the ePVS was smaller in the group with a non‐increased serum chloride concentration compared with that with an increased serum chloride concentration (0.292 ± 0.49 vs. 0.653 ± 0.60 dL/g, P = 0.044). An increase in the %change in ePVS ≥ 10% was less common in patients with a non‐increased chloride concentration (37% vs. 71%, P = 0.03). Patients with a non‐increased serum chloride concentration had more HF signs (3.31 ± 0.79 vs. 2.65 ± 0.71, P = 0.005) and a higher incidence of pulmonary rales (63% vs. 16%, P = 0.0024) than those with an increased serum chloride concentration.

Conclusions

According to the changes in the ePVS, HF progression may result from a difference between two HF types (i.e. increased vs. non‐increased serum chloride concentration) in the cardiac reserve in response to a given cardiac burden by modulating plasma volume status via the possible tonicity potential of chloride.
Design and Experimental Investigation of a Novel Piezoelectric Energy Harvester in Pneumatic System
Authors: Yang Chuanhui , Shi Weijie , Chen Chen , Gao Yuan , Wang Huaijia
Published: April 2022

Herein, a novel piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) with good sealing and insulation performance is proposed, which can be connected with the branch pipe to capture the air pressure impact energy in the pneumatic system. The transient energy harvesting process and effect of parameters on the performance of the PEH are experimentally investigated. The results show that the harvested transient voltage has alternating characteristics. The voltage, peak power, and electric work are improved with the decreasing minimum pressure and increasing maximum pressure. The pressure has an effect on the harvested voltage even under the same pressure difference. When the pressure is raised, the rising time and voltage slightly decrease. Specially, the minimum pressure of the PEH should be close to zero for high harvested peak power. In addition, the peak voltage and electric work increases with the increasing resistance. The peak power increases to the maximum value first and then decreases with the increase in resistance. When the pressure varies from 0 to 0.5 MPa, the maximum peak power can reach up to 140 μW at 1500 KΩ, and the power density is 1.43 mW cm−3.
Light responsive nucleic acid for biomedical application
Authors: Chen Liwei , Liu Yanfei , Guo Weisheng , Liu Zhenbao
Published: April 2022

Nucleic acids are widely used in biomedical applications because of their programmability and biocompatibility. The light responsive nucleic acids have attracted wide attention due to their remote control and high spatiotemporal resolution. In this review, we summarized the latest developments in biomedicine of light responsive molecules. The molecules which confer light responsive properties to nucleic acids were summarized. The binding sites of molecules to nucleic acids, the induced structural changes, and functional regulation of nucleic acids were reviewed. Then, the biomedical applications of light responsive nucleic acids were listed, such as drug delivery, biosensing, optogenetics, gene editing, etc. Finally, the challenges were discussed and possible future directions of light‐responsive nucleic acids were proposed.
Securing Grid Infrastructure Resilience Through Improved Capital Asset Planning and Management
Authors: Freeman Danny , Tiwari Ashish , Singh Shriram
Published: April 2022

Utilities are working to strengthen and evolve their electric grid operations to deliver power with higher reliability and safety, resulting in superior customer service. In addition to these traditional, yet still very relevant objectives, the concept of improving grid resiliency is one that electric grid operators, regulators and customers are increasingly interested in. There is a growing awareness and recognition that a more resilient electric system is essential for the modern and sustained economic prosperity of local communities and residents. Grid resilience has long been in the lexicon of utilities and their stakeholders. However, evolving legislative and regulatory mandates are increasing the urgency for focused solution planning and execution.
The moldic pore evolution of the Middle Ordovician sabkha dolostone in Ordos Basin, China: A study based on the petrographic and geochemical characteristics of pore fillings
Authors: Luo Qingqing , Liu Bo , Shi Kaibo , Luo Nina , Yang Yunfei , Shen Yingchu , Lu Feifan , Wei Liubin , Wu Chun , Zhao Qing
Published: April 2022

In the Ordos Basin, the sabkha dolostone reservoir with moldic pores of the fifth Member in the Middle Ordovician Majiagou Formation (M5) dominated the gas production of the Lower Palaeozoic. Recent research studies revealed the complex history of the moldic pore evolution, which intensively affected the reservoir potential evaluation. The moldic pores were formed by dissolution of the gypsum concretion and then experienced a different extent of multi‐phase filling. In order to understand the evolution of the moldic pores and explain its affection on the development of reservoirs, comprehensive petrographic and geochemical analysis including the cathodoluminescent, scanning electron microscope, trace and rare earth elements in situ, and strontium isotopes have been utilized to study the moldic pore fillings. The results reveal the moldic pore evolution: (a) the gypsum concretions were dissolved and the moldic pores were formed in the early diagenetic stage; (b) the calcite fillings formed in the vadose zone and phreatic zone during the early diagenetic stage in the sabkha environment; (c) the ferroan dolomites formed during the process of conversion of montmorillonite to illite at the burial diagenesis stage, at the burial depth of 3,500 m–4,000 m in the middle‐Late Jurassic. Significantly, filling in the late burial period is more conducive to the pore preservation compared with the filling in the early diagenetic stage, and the formation of the sabkha dolostone reservoir lies in the preservation of pores in the early diagenetic stage. Consequently, the results of this study provide a framework to differentiate the petrographic and geochemical characteristics of kinds of pore fillings and to understand the moldic pore evolution and its affection on the development of reservoirs in similar sedimentary environments.
Analysis of the interaction between A1R and A2AR proteins in living cells based on FRET imaging and batch processing method
Authors: Lin Yating , Wang Haoyu , Du Weiwei , Huang Yiming , Gong Wei , Wang Qiwen , Huang Zufang , Lin Juqiang
Published: April 2022

The quantitative FRET analysis of living cells is a tedious and time‐consuming task for freshman lacks technical training. In this study, FRET imaging and batch processing method were combined to analyze reagents‐induced interactions of A1R and A2AR on cell membranes. Results showed that the method had taken less time than if cell‐by‐cell was analyzed. The accuracy and repeatability of FRET efficiency values were likewise improved by removing the interference from anthropogenic factors. Then this method was applied to rapidly analyze acetaldehyde‐induced interactions, which analyzed hundreds of single‐cell trends by one operation, and the results revealed that interactions were consistently attenuated in LX‐2 cells, and statistical differences appeared after 30 min. Combined with batch processing method, procedures of cells FRET analysis have been greatly simplified without additional technical work, which has broad prospects in large‐scale analysis of cellar protein interaction.
Overlapping electron density and the global delocalization of π‐aromatic fragments as the reason of conductivity of the biphenylene network
Authors: Rublev Pavel , Tkachenko Nikolay V. , Boldyrev Alexander I.
Published: April 2022

Recently fabricated 2D biphenylene network is an astonishing solid‐state material, which possesses unique metal‐like conductive properties. At the same time, two‐dimensional boron nitride network (2D‐BN)—an isoelectronic and structural analogue of biphenylene network, is an insulator with a wide direct bandgap. This study investigates the relationship between the electronic properties and chemical bonding patterns for these species. It is shown that the insulating 2D‐BN network possesses a strong localization of electron density on the nitrogen atoms. In turn, for a carbon‐containing sheet, we found a highly delocalized electron density and an appreciable overlap of pz orbitals of neighboring C6 rings, which might be a reason for the conductive properties of the material.