bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced dosage delivery of pesticide under unmanned aerial vehicle condition for peanut plant protection: tank‐mix adjuvants and formulation improvement
Authors: Sun Zhe , Zhao Rui , Yu Meng , Liu Yabo , Ma Yingjian , Guo Xinyu , Gu Yu‐cheng , Formstone Carl , Xu Yong , Wu Xuemin
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Suspension concentrate (SC) is one of the most widely used formulations for agricultural plant protection. With the rapid development of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) plant protection, the problems of spray drift, droplet rebound and poor wettability in the application of SC from UAVs have attracted wide attention. Although some tank‐mix adjuvants have been used to enhance dosage delivery for UAV, their effects and mechanisms are not fully clear, and few formulations are specifically designed for UAV.

RESULTS

The type and concentration of tank‐mix adjuvant affect the dosage delivery of SC. MO501 can significantly reduce DV<100μm, and inhibit droplet rebound on peanut leaves at concentrations ≥0.5%. Silwet 408 can achieve complete wetting and superspreading after adding ≥0.2% concentrations, but only ≥0.5% can inhibit rebound. XL‐70 shows excellent regulation ability even at low concentration, and 0.2% concentration can simultaneously suppress impact and promote spreading. Besides, the formulation oil dispersion (OD) can significantly reduce the driftable fine fraction and inhibit rebound at dilution ratios of ≤250‐fold, thus enhancing dosage delivery.

CONCLUSION

SC is prone to rebound on hydrophobic leaf surfaces and shows poor wetting and spreading properties. Appropriate types and concentrations of tank‐mix adjuvants and formulation improvement are two effective strategies for improving the dosage delivery of pesticides, whereas the addition of inappropriate adjuvants may cause potential risks instead. These findings provide guidance for the rational selection of tank‐mix adjuvants and potential applications of OD for UAV plant protection. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Diverging reproductive outcomes by maternal education during the Covid‐19 pandemic across Brazilian and Colombian regions
Authors: Torres Andres F. Castro , Acosta Enrique , Pardo Ignacio , Sacco Nicolas , Urdinola Beatriz Piedad
Published: November 2023

This work contributes to the current understanding of the heterogeneous impact of the Covid‐19 pandemic on fertility. Using more than 36.4 million birth and death records for Brazil and Colombia (2015–2021), we document state‐level correlations between the intensity of the pandemic, measured by the current and 9‐month lagged excess mortality, and the observed number of births relative to a Covid‐19‐free hypothetical scenario. We disaggregate these correlations according to maternal age and years of schooling to test the hypothesis that the influence of the Covid‐19 pandemic on births interacted with pre‐existing forms of social inequality. Results from multivariate linear models suggest that the association between the intensity of the pandemic and the relative number of births was negative for women with at least 8 years of schooling, while it was positive or null for women with fewer years of education. This result means that in subnational areas severely hit by the Covid‐19 pandemic, women with few years of schooling did not delay fertility as most women potentially did. These results suggest that disadvantaged groups in Latin America and potentially in other contexts may suffer more acutely the consequences of the Covid‐19 pandemic, which has been largely neglected by studies that assume homogeneous impacts of Covid‐19 on population dynamics.
Ultra‐Thin Bi12O17Cl2 Nanotube In Situ Coupling to AgI Nanoparticles for Enhancing Photocatalytic Degradation of Pollutants
Authors: Liu Yunmiao , Zhao Junze , Liu Gaopeng , Liu Pengjun , Yin Sheng , Xia Jiexiang
Published: November 2023

The continuous industrial development has caused a series of water and environmental pollution while accelerating the social progress. One‐dimensional AgI/Bi12O17Cl2 nanotube materials are prepared by in situ solvothermal method assisted by pH regulation. Series of characterization have been applied to confirm the existence of AgI in Bi12O17Cl2 nanotube system and the synergistic effect for photocatalytic degradation organic pollutants between AgI and Bi12O17Cl2 nanotube. The results show that the prepared AgI/Bi12O17Cl2‐10 composites with AgI theoretical composite value of 10 wt% exhibited the best degradation performance. The degradation efficiency of Rhodamine B within 120 min is 83.52%, and the degradation rate of AgI/Bi12O17Cl2‐10 is 2.12 times than that of Bi12O17Cl2 nanotube under the same conditions. The reason for enhanced photocatalytic activity of composites is the formation of type‐II heterojunctions between AgI and Bi12O17Cl2. The type‐II heterojunctions achieve spatial separation of electrons and holes and improve the utilization of charges, resulting in improved photocatalytic performance of AgI/Bi12O17Cl2 composites. A photocatalytic mechanism of AgI/Bi12O17Cl2 composites is proposed.
Inkjet‐Printed Flexible Thin‐Film Thermal Sensors for Detecting Elevated Temperature Range
Authors: Mitra Dana , Mitra Kalyan Yoti , Thalheim Robert , Zichner Ralf
Published: November 2023

All inkjet‐printed thermal sensors are manufactured based on a metal–insulator–metal (MIM) interface or capacitor architecture, for the adapted device size ranging from 16 to 36 mm2 active area. Two different material inks, namely a nanoparticle conductive silver ink and an inorganic‐polymer‐based hybrid insulator ink, are applied layer by layer on a thin flexible polyimide substrate, for developing the printed MIM devices. To ensure the desired electronic conductivity and insulation from the layers, the manufacturing process steps and parameters are tuned, accordingly. The results show that the inkjet‐printed MIM devices could constitute up to 15 μm thickness and demonstrate average detection of a change in electrical capacitance ranging from 20 to 100 pF, when the temperature is varied between 100 and 300 °C. The investigations also summarize that the change in the electrical response is enough to detect an increment of 50 °C. The printed sensors also display high operational stability and repeatability, when subjected to thermal cycling.
Fourier‐Transform Infrared Spectroscopy of MoTe2 Thin Films
Authors: Vojteková Tatiana , Slušná Lenka Pribusová , Dobročka Edmund , Precner Marián , Sojková Michaela , Hrdá Jana , Gregor Maroš , Hulman Martin
Published: November 2023

Molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2), a member of the transition metal dichalcogenide family, holds significant promise in optoelectronic applications. To harness its full potential, it is imperative to understand its fundamental optical properties, including refractive indices. Herein, measurements of the transmittance and reflectance spectra of thin MoTe2 layers are conducted featuring hexagonal and monoclinic structures across the far‐infrared (IR) and mid‐IR spectral regions. These spectra are fitted, allowing to extract the complex refractive index and optical conductance. In the semiconducting hexagonal phase, both the conductance and extinction coefficient remain negligible below 3000 cm−1 and increase at higher energies. Conversely, the monoclinic phase exhibits a conductance peak in the far‐IR region and a continuous increase from 1000 to 6000 cm−1. The findings are compared with existing theoretical and experimental results to provide further insights into MoTe2's optical behavior.
Assist or accuse? Identifying trends in crisis communication through a bibliometric literature review
Authors: Kuipers Sanneke , Perlstein Sara , Wolbers Jeroen , Jong Wouter
Published: November 2023

Communication has always been key to crisis management research, but even more so in recent years, from multiple disciplinary angles. In this bibliometric study and review of the literature, we aim to identify different clusters of crisis communication research in the literature and whether and how much these crisis communication research clusters overlap. With different fields taking an interest in crisis communication, we ask ourselves where the interests of these fields overlap, and to what extent the different communities are aware of each other's work. Apart from offering an overview of topical clusters in crisis communication research and connections between those clusters of studies on crisis communication, we identify and explain two main approaches to crisis communication: a political or accusatory approach, and a functional or assistory approach. We conclude in our study and discussion that these approaches may need to broaden their research horizons to ensure the applicability of crisis communication strategies beyond the countries, media platforms, and audience orientations that have predominantly shaped the existing research landscape.
Immunopathology of herpes simplex virus‐associated neuroinflammation: Unveiling the mysteries
Authors: Hussain Md Sadique , Gupta Gaurav , Samuel Vijaya Paul , Almalki Waleed Hassan , Kazmi Imran , Alzarea Sami I. , Saleem Shakir , Khan Ruqaiyah , Altwaijry Najla , Patel Samir , Patel Archita , Singh Sachin Kumar , Dua Kamal
Published: November 2023

The immunopathology of herpes simplex virus (HSV)‐associated neuroinflammation is a captivating and intricate field of study within the scientific community. HSV, renowned for its latent infection capability, gives rise to a spectrum of neurological expressions, ranging from mild symptoms to severe encephalitis. The enigmatic interplay between the virus and the host's immune responses profoundly shapes the outcome of these infections. This review delves into the multifaceted immune reactions triggered by HSV within neural tissues, intricately encompassing the interplay between innate and adaptive immunity. Furthermore, this analysis delves into the delicate equilibrium between immune defence and the potential for immunopathology‐induced neural damage. It meticulously dissects the roles of diverse immune cells, cytokines, and chemokines, unravelling the intricacies of neuroinflammation modulation and its subsequent effects. By exploring HSV's immune manipulation and exploitation mechanisms, this review endeavours to unveil the enigmas surrounding the immunopathology of HSV‐associated neuroinflammation. This comprehensive understanding enhances our grasp of viral pathogenesis and holds promise for pioneering therapeutic strategies designed to mitigate the neurological ramifications of HSV infections.
Comparison of vegetation composition in an ephemeral stream channel and the perimeter of pools in subtropical subhumid Central Texas
Authors: Hutchinson Jeffrey T.
Published: November 2023

Ephemeral streams are common in sub‐humid central Texas, but have received little attention. Within ephemeral streams are isolated pools that contain water for longer periods than the channel. This study examined the vegetation composition in an ephemeral dry stream channel and pools in Leon Creek. Twelve sites within the dry channel and twelve ephemeral pools in Leon Creek were surveyed for vegetation between late March and mid‐May 2020 in central Texas, USA. Plant species were similar between the dry channel and pools over a 1.5 km distance indicating that habitats are similar in both allowing the occurrence of upland, facultative, and wetland plant species. A total of 114 species of multiple functional groups were documented in this study. Panicum virgatum had greater coverage at >20% in both the ephemeral channel and pools compared to all other plant species. Ten plant species were dominant with a mean coverage of >3% and no difference was observed for dominant species in the dry channel and pools. The coverage of perennial species were significantly greater in the dry channel and pools but annual coverage in the dry channel was similar to perennial coverage in the pools. Graminoids and forbs were significantly greater in coverage compared to trees, shrubs, vines, and ferns in both the dry channel and pools. Shrub and tree cover was rare accounting for <0.3% coverage. Native species coverage was significantly greater compared to non‐native species in the dry channel and pools. Droughts, flash floods, and scouring events appear to promote perennial graminoids and forbs dominance in Leon Creek with shrubs and trees being uncommon. The results of this study is the first to evaluate vegetation in an ephemeral channel and pools in central Texas and provides current vegetation composition providing information that can be used to compare changes to vegetation in the future.
Exploring the knowledge structure and potential research areas of sustainable tourism in sustainable development: Based on text mining and semantic network analysis
Authors: Tang Ruohan , Moon Joonho , Heo Gyeong Ryun , Lee Won Seok
Published: November 2023

The concept of sustainable tourism development is derived from sustainable development. Building tourism with the framework of sustainable development has become a necessary effective way. This study examined the abstracts and titles of 1783 sustainable development and 692 sustainable tourism development related papers from 2012 to 2021 as textual data sources through the Web of Science core database. Using text mining and semantic network as analysis methods, this paper summarizes eight main clusters of sustainable development and sustainable tourism development in the past 10 years. Based on this, this paper compares the differences between the two researches and explores four potential research areas in sustainable tourism development: (1) threats to sustainability; (2) ecology and health; (3) stakeholder cooperation and roles; and (4) tourism development planning. In addition, the visual network knowledge structure intuitively captures the relationship between the different keywords in the clustering, which provides an important reference value for broadening the future research direction of sustainable tourism development.
Two‐stage targeted maximum likelihood estimation for mixed aggregate and individual participant data analysis with an application to multidrug resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Siddique Arman Alam , Schnitzer Mireille E. , Balakrishnan Narayanaswamy , Sotgiu Giovanni , Vargas Mario H. , Menzies Dick , Benedetti Andrea
Published: November 2023

In this study, we develop a new method for the meta‐analysis of mixed aggregate data (AD) and individual participant data (IPD). The method is an adaptation of inverse probability weighted targeted maximum likelihood estimation (IPW‐TMLE), which was initially proposed for two‐stage sampled data. Our methods are motivated by a systematic review investigating treatment effectiveness for multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR‐TB) where the available data include IPD from some studies but only AD from others. One complication in this application is that participants with MDR‐TB are typically treated with multiple antimicrobial agents where many such medications were not observed in all studies considered in the meta‐analysis. We focus here on the estimation of the expected potential outcome while intervening on a specific medication but not intervening on any others. Our method involves the implementation of a TMLE that transports the estimation from studies where the treatment is observed to the full target population. A second weighting component adjusts for the studies with missing (inaccessible) IPD. We demonstrate the properties of the proposed method and contrast it with alternative approaches in a simulation study. We finally apply this method to estimate treatment effectiveness in the MDR‐TB case study.
A Shape Memory Hydrogel with Excellent Mechanical Properties, Water Retention Capacity, and Tunable Fluorescence for Dual Encryption
Authors: Tang Junyi , Xing Tianyu , Chen Sijia , Feng Jiachun
Published: November 2023

Information encryption platforms with reliable encryption performance, excellent mechanical performance, and high water retention capacity are highly desired. In this study, a tough double‐network hydrogel is designed using the first network of a polyion complex containing lanthanide complexes via one‐pot polymerization and the second network of a poly (N‐hydroxyethyl acrylamide) (PHEAA) obtained by deep eutectic solvent (DES)‐assisted introduction and subsequent photopolymerization. In this system, the pH‐induced shape memory function and pH‐/wavelength‐dependent fluorescence allow the use of the prepared hydrogel as a dual‐encryption platform. Owing to its high response reversibility, the hydrogel‐based platform exhibits both a high security level and the advantages of rewritability, reprogrammability, and reusability. Additionally, the excellent mechanical properties and water retention capacity owing to the solvent exchange process involving the low‐volatility solvent DES and the resulting introduction of the second network of PHEAA offer high practical application value for the hydrogel‐based dual encryption platform, demonstrating its potential for information security protection.
Nanozyme‐Enhanced Electrochemical Biosensors: Mechanisms and Applications
Authors: Yang Zhongwei , Guo Jiawei , Wang Longwei , Zhang Jian , Ding Longhua , Liu Hong , Yu Xin
Published: November 2023

Nanozymes, as innovative materials, have demonstrated remarkable potential in the field of electrochemical biosensors. This article provides an overview of the mechanisms and extensive practical applications of nanozymes in electrochemical biosensors. First, the definition and characteristics of nanozymes are introduced, emphasizing their significant role in constructing efficient sensors. Subsequently, several common categories of nanozyme materials are delved into, including metal‐based, carbon‐based, metal‐organic framework, and layered double hydroxide nanostructures, discussing their applications in electrochemical biosensors. Regarding their mechanisms, two key roles of nanozymes are particularly focused in electrochemical biosensors: selective enhancement and signal amplification, which crucially support the enhancement of sensor performance. In terms of practical applications, the widespread use of nanozyme‐based electrochemical biosensors are showcased in various domains. From detecting biomolecules, pollutants, nucleic acids, proteins, to cells, providing robust means for high‐sensitivity detection. Furthermore, insights into the future development of nanozyme‐based electrochemical biosensors is provided, encompassing improvements and optimizations of nanozyme materials, innovative sensor design and integration, and the expansion of application fields through interdisciplinary collaboration. In conclusion, this article systematically presents the mechanisms and applications of nanozymes in electrochemical biosensors, offering valuable references and prospects for research and development in this field.
Hollow Nanoreactors for Controlled Photocatalytic Behaviors: Fundamental Theory, Structure–Performance Relationship, and Catalytic Advantages
Authors: Liu Runyu , Yu Zhihao , Zhang Rui , Xiong Jian , Qiao Yina , Liu Xinzhong , Lu Xuebin
Published: November 2023

Hollow nanoreactors (HoNRs) have regarded as an attractive catalytic material for photocatalysis due to their exceptional capabilities in enhancing light harvesting, facilitating charge separation and transfer, and optimizing surface reactions. Developing novel HoNRs offers new options to realize controllable catalytic behavior. However, the catalytic mechanism of photocatalysis occurring in HoNRs has not yet been fully revealed. Against this backdrop, this review elaborates on three aspects: 1) the fundamental theoretical insights of HoNRs‐driven photocatalytic kinetics; 2) structure–performance relationship of HoNRs to photocatalysis; 3) catalytic advantages of HoNRs in photocatalytic applications. Specifically, the review focuses on the fundamental theories of HoNRs for photocatalysis and their structural advantages for strengthening light scattering, promoting charge separation and transfer, and facilitating surface reaction kinetics, and the relationship between key structural parameters of HoNRs and their photocatalytic performance is in‐depth discussed. Also, future prospects and challenges are proposed. It is anticipated that this review paper will pave the way for forthcoming investigations in the realm of HoNRs for photocatalysis.
Co‐Manipulation of Ultrafine Nanostructure and Uniform Carbon Layer Activates Maricite‐Structured NaFePO4 as a High‐Performance Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhao Liping , Yu Lai , Wan Guanglin , Ahmad Nazir , Ma Xinyi , Tao Zongzhi , Zhang Genqiang
Published: November 2023

Sodium iron phosphate (NaFePO4) has attracted significant attention because of its high theoretical capacity (155 mA h g−1), remarkable structural stability, and abundant elemental composition. However, the electrochemical reversibility of maricite NaFePO4 is generally considered inactive. Herein, a nanoengineering strategy to activate the electrochemical activity of maricite NaFePO4 is presented. This approach involves the construction of ultrasmall maricite NaFePO4 nanoparticles encapsulated within an ultrathin carbon layer (denoted as m‐NFP@C), which greatly improves the electrochemical properties of the material. Notably, the optimized m‐NFP@C nanoparticles exhibit an impressive reversible capacity of 101.4 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 20 mA g−1, demonstrating a remarkable capacity retention of 90.5%. Furthermore, when coupled with the bismuth–carbon microfoam‐like compound (Bi@NC‐MF) anode, the fabricated sodium‐ion full cell exhibits exceptional cycling stability with a capacity retention of 90.6% over 250 cycles. The remarkable electrochemical performance of this material can be attributed to its excellent structural stability, ultrafine nanostructure, and uniform carbon coating, which effectively shorten the Na+ diffusion pathways, prevent the aggregation and fragmentation of nanoparticles, and enhance electronic conductivity. This work is anticipated to open up a new route for activating maricite NaFePO4 and advancing the development of polyanion‐type electrode materials.
Nanoporous Frameworks with High Porosity and Unexpected Rigid Framework Topologies Based on Odd‐Numbered Ring‐Expanded Linkers
Authors: Felsner Bodo , Gopalsamy Karuppasamy , Bon Volodymyr , Senkovska Irena , Maurin Guillaume , Kaskel Stefan
Published: November 2023

Two tetracarboxylic linkers containing seven‐membered rings are synthesized and utilized in metal–organic framework (MOF) syntheses, leading to the two new compounds DUT‐184 and DUT‐193. The introduced odd angles between carboxylates in a new dihydro‐azepine‐containing linker lead to exotic Zn‐based MOFs: a 3D structure based on two catenated sets of 2D nets in DUT‐184 and a cubic structure with so far unknown topology in the DUT‐193 framework. The mesoporous DUT‐193 shows high porosity upon adsorption of N2, Ar, CH4, and CO2 at their standard boiling points. Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations show good agreement between experimental and theoretical results and shine light on the microscopic adsorption mechanism at low pressure.
Ultrasonic Spray Deposition of a Passivating Agent for Spray‐Coated, Methylammonium‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Cassella Elena J. , Thornber Timothy , Oliver Robert D. J. , O’Kane Mary E. , Spooner Emma L. K. , Kilbride Rachel C. , Catley Thomas E. , Game Onkar S. , Ramadan Alexandra J. , Lidzey David G.
Published: November 2023

Defect management in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) via surface passivation has become a cornerstone in maximizing both stability and solar‐to‐electrical power conversion efficiency (PCE) of devices by reducing defect densities and/or improving energetic alignment between the perovskite and charge‐transporting layers. Despite this, few reports explore the use of roll‐to‐roll compatible technologies to deposit such interfacial treatments, limiting the applicability of passivation in real‐world contexts. In this work, iso‐butylammonium bromide (i‐BABr) is spray‐coated onto a Cs0.15FA0.85PbI2.85Cl0.15 perovskite surface which is deposited using gas‐assisted ultrasonic spray coating. It is found that i‐BABr treatments result in the formation of a quasi‐2D perovskite layer. The spray‐coated surface treatment results in an impressive 80 mV improvement in the median open‐circuit voltage with respect to untreated devices. Importantly, the spray‐coated passivation results in very similar positive benefits to the application of spin‐coated treatments demonstrating the promise of the spray‐passivation methodology. It is shown that devices created in this manner demonstrate PCEs of up to 21.0% (19.4% stabilized), representing the highest reported efficiency for one‐step, spray‐coated methylammonium‐free PSCs. This work represents the first demonstration of a spray‐coated surface passivation treatment that is compatible with high‐throughput, roll‐to‐roll processing.
Substitution Position Effects on Spiro[Fluorene‐9,9′‐Xanthene]‐Diphenylamine Hole‐Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Han Mingyuan , Zhang Xianfu , Liu Xuepeng , Ghadari Rahim , Wu Nan , Quan Hongyang , Li Botong , Du Weilun , Dai Songyuan
Published: November 2023

The molecular structures of hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) have a significant effect on the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, four small‐molecular HTMs (SFX‐1, SFX‐2, SFX‐3, and SFX‐4) are prepared by regulating the substitution sites of terminal diphenylamine groups on the spiro[fluorene‐9,9′‐xanthene] core. As SFX‐1 and SFX‐2 are well‐documented compounds, this article adopts the original publication's acronyms, referring to them as SFX‐MeOTAD and HTM‐FX′, respectively. It is found that the terminal substitution sites exhibit a noticeable effect on the molecular properties. Among these molecules, SFX‐3, whose terminal groups are located at the 3,6‐substitution site on the fluorene side of SFX, has high conductivity and hole mobility, and the highest occupied molecular orbital level matches well with the perovskite. SFX‐3 also shows better film‐forming properties and better hole extraction ability than the molecules with other substitution sites. Higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) in PSCs with SFX‐3 is comparable to that of traditional spiro‐OMeTAD, but SFX‐3's synthesis cost is only about one‐third that of spiro‐OMeTAD. Furthermore, the device utilizing SFX‐3 exhibits remarkable stability, surpassing that of spiro‐OMeTAD. Notably, the champion PCE of SFX‐3‐based PSCs reached 22.42%, marking the highest reported efficiencies among HTMs with SFX as the core.
Rapid determination of multiple components in herbal medicine using a single reference compound by high‐performance liquid chromatography at equal absorption wavelength: Case study of Magnoliae officinalis cortex
Authors: Qian Zhengming , Chen Jing , Lei Qinggui , Tan Guoying , Zou Yuansheng , Peng Gang , Xie Juying , Li Wenqing
Published: November 2023

Herbal medicine is a complex system containing numerous bioactive components. Evaluating the quality of herbs often requires analyzing multiple components using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, existing HPLC methods are time‐consuming and consume large amounts of reference compounds. This study, an ultra‐rapid and green assay method for the determination of honokiol and magnolol in Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex using a single reference compound was developed by HPLC at equal absorption wavelength (EAW). The sample was prepared using ultrasonic‐assisted matrix solid‐phase dispersion and separated with an eco‐friendly mobile phase on the Poroshell C18 column. The EAW of homokiol and magnolol was chosen as the detecting wavelength (247 nm). The contents of honokiol and magnolol in six Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex samples obtained by the developed method with a single marker and the external standard method with two markers were comparable. Additionally, the developed HPLC process only needed 4.55 mL green organic solution (ethanol) and 2.5 min, which included sample extraction and separation. The developed HPLC EAW method was ultra‐fast, green, and reference compound saving, which was an improved quality control method of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex and would serve as an example for the determination of multiple components in other herbal medicines using a single reference compound.
Corpora in English Language Teacher Education: Research, Integration, and Resources
Authors: Farr Fiona , Leńko‐Szymańska Agnieszka
Published: November 2023

For some time, arguments have been made that for the increased successful use of corpus linguistics (CL), in the form of Data‐Driven Learning (DDL; Johns, 1991) in the second language classroom, teacher education programs must play a central role by providing the necessary instruction and triggers. Three means of integrating corpora into teacher education have been identified (Leńko‐Szymańska, 2022): as a tool for language awareness, as pedagogically‐focussed instruction for DDL, and as a fully‐fledged CL course. It is difficult to gauge the effectiveness of these three approaches because we can only rely on the relatively few, but growing, number of research studies that are published. Naturally, the existing studies are based on relatively small numbers of participants, rely mainly on data collected through questionnaires and self‐reports, and rarely trace the extended effects of the instruction after the student teachers leave the programs. It is also hard to generalize from these accounts as they are deeply imbedded in their institutional curricula and their local teacher education traditions. Nonetheless, they provide a foundation for the discussion in this paper which proposes a tripartite framework for the integration of instructional CL into language teacher education programs. This consists of corpus literacies, corpus‐based language pedagogy, and corpus‐based reflective practice. In addition, we present a summary of some useful published resources that can be used to support the integration of such a framework.
Circ_0082878 contributes to prostate cancer progression via the miR‐455‐3p/WTAP axis
Authors: Zhao Pengcheng , Han Pengli , Ma Yan , Tian Pei , Li Jing
Published: November 2023

Circ_0082878 has been found to be strongly expressed in prostate cancer (PCa). However, its roles and potential mechanism in PCa have not been investigated. This study aims to clarify it. RNase R digestion method was adopted for verifying the circular structure of circ_0082878. RT‐qPCR assay is aimed to detect the expressions of circ_0082878, miR‐455‐3p and WTAP in PCa tissues and cells. For identifying cell proliferation, migration and invasion abilities, CCK‐8 and transwell assay were used. To show the correlation between miR‐455‐3p and WTAP or circ_0082878, the luciferase reporter gene, RNA RIP and RNA pull‐down experiments were employed. We employed western blot to detect protein level of WTAP. In addition, the impact of circ_0082878 on PCa cells in vivo was also studied. It was found that circ_0082878 and WTAP were highly expressed in PCa tissues and cells, whereas miR‐455‐3p was lowly expressed. Inhibition of circ_0082878 restrained the growth of PCa in vitro and in vivo. Regarding mechanism, miR‐455‐3p was the target of circ_0082878, and WTAP was the target of miR‐455‐3p. Circ_0082878 could downregulate the level of miR‐455‐3p, and inhibiting of miR‐455‐3p expression could partially eliminate the inhibitory impact of low expression of circ_0082878 on the proliferation and migration of PCa cells. Additionally, over‐expression of miR‐455‐3p resulted in the reduced level of WTAP, and WTAP over‐expression counteracted the tumor suppressive impact of miR‐455‐3p in PCa cells. Moreover, the obtained findings indicated that circ_0082878 may exert tumor‐promoting activity in PCa via sponging miR‐455‐3p and then upregulating WTAP. This indicates that the circ_0082878/miR‐455‐3p/WTAP axis can probably become the possible therapeutic target for PCa.
Baltic Health Progress Under Foreign Occupation and Restored Independence
Authors: Norkus Zenonas
Published: November 2023

When assessing the health progress of the restored Baltic States, we can rely on the 1×1 life tables for the complete restored independence period, published in the Human Mortality Database (HMD 2022). It also contains complete life tables for the Soviet occupation period from 1959, which is the year of the first Soviet census (taken on 5 January 1959) in the Baltic countries since their occupation in 1940. During the Soviet period, they were compiled by the Soviet Central State Office in Moscow and remained classified until Gorbachev’s perestroika era (some selected figures were published only in the 1960s). After the restoration of independence, they have been compiled and are regularly published by national statistical offices.
A Century of Somatic Progress in the Baltic Countries
Authors: Norkus Zenonas
Published: November 2023

In this chapter, I provide the assessment of the somatic performance success of the Baltic restorations, guided by the criterion of restoration somatic performance success (CRSPS). This assessment involves application of the outperforming intermediate system and outperforming original system tests (OIST and OOST) or cross-time comparison of the increase in body height during three epochs of Baltic history (interwar independence or the original system, totalitarian occupations, and restored independence). For this aim, annual data series are presented for all three Baltic countries and the Netherlands as a benchmark country in the supplementary Dutch standard test (DST; see Chap. 4). Due to reasons explained in the previous chapter, in terms of human height, Finland was a catch-up country with respect to the former Baltic provinces. Therefore, it is not possible to extend the general tests with the regional “Finnish standard” supplement in the same way as was done for economic and health progress.
Social Rehabilitations, Restorations and Their Varieties
Authors: Norkus Zenonas
Published: November 2023

Researchers of revolutions are challenged to distinguish social revolutions from related, intersecting but nevertheless different phenomena: reforms, revolts, riots, rebellions, strikes, social movements and civil war. Questions of definition are discussed in great detail in classical works on the sociology of revolutions, listed at the start of the previous chapter. As a result, there is a modicum of established vocabulary in the research on revolutions, even if revolution itself remains an essentially contested concept, and there is no universally accepted definition of revolution.
Baltic Economic Growth Under Foreign Occupations and Restored Independence
Authors: Norkus Zenonas
Published: November 2023

In this chapter I argue that those looking for the times of an “economic miracle” on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea are better advised to direct their sights upon the period of restored independence of the Baltic countries instead of the interwar years. Growth rates of the restored Baltic countries in 1989–2018 were much higher than in 1913–1938. In 1913–1938, Estonia’s economy grew at a rate of 0.79%, and under restoration at 1.99%. For Latvia, growth rates were 0.67% and 1.53%, for Lithuania—1.25% and 2.17% accordingly.
Entropy-current for dynamical black holes in Chern-Simons theories of gravity
Authors: Deo Ishan , Dhivakar Prateksh , Kundu Nilay
Published: November 2023

Abstract

We construct an entropy current and establish a local version of the classical second law of thermodynamics for dynamical black holes in Chern-Simons (CS) theories of gravity. We work in a chosen set of Gaussian null coordinates and assume the dynamics to be small perturbations around the Killing horizon. In explicit examples of both purely gravitational and mixed gauge gravity CS theories in (2 + 1) and (4 + 1)-dimensions, the entropy current is obtained by studying the off-shell structure of the equations of motion evaluated on the horizon. For the CS theory in (2 + 1) dimensions, we argue that the second law holds to quadratic order in perturbations by considering it as a low energy effective field theory with the leading piece given by Einstein gravity. In all such examples, we show that the construction of entropy current is invariant under the reparameterization of the null horizon coordinates. Finally, extending an existing formalism for diffeomorphism invariant theories, we construct an abstract proof for the linearised second law in arbitrary Chern-Simons theories in any given odd dimensions by studying the off-shell equations of motion. As a check of consistency, we verify that the outcome of this algorithmic proof matches precisely with the results obtained in explicit examples.
Universality of effective central charge in interface CFTs
Authors: Karch Andreas , Kusuki Yuya , Ooguri Hirosi , Sun Hao-Yu , Wang Mianqi
Published: November 2023

Abstract

When an interface connects two CFTs, the entanglement entropy between the two CFTs is determined by a quantity called the effective central charge. The effective central charge does not have a simple form in terms of the central charges of the two CFTs, but intricately depends on the transmissive properties of the interface.

In this article, we examine universal properties of the effective central charge. We first clarify how the effective central charge appears when considering general subsystems of the interface CFT. Then using this result and ideas used in the proof of the c-theorem, we provide a universal upper bound on the effective central charge.

In past studies, the effective central charge was defined only in two dimensions. We propose an analogue of the effective central charge in general dimensions possessing similar universal properties as in two dimensions.
Stark effect and dissociation of mesons in holographic conductor
Authors: Ishigaki Shuta , Kinoshita Shunichiro , Matsumoto Masataka
Published: November 2023

Abstract

We study the meson spectrum of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 fundamental hypermultiplets for a finite electric field by using the D3/D7 model. The spectrum for scalar and vector mesons is computed by analyzing the (quasi-)normal modes for the fluctuations of the D7-brane embedding and gauge fields. In the presence of an electric field, two different phases in the background are realized: the meson and dissociation phases. In this paper, we analyze the meson spectrum of scalar and vector mesons for all ranges of the electric field and explore the effect of the electric field on the meson spectrum, that is, the Stark effect. In the meson spectrum, we observe the avoided crossing between different levels due to the coupling of fluctuations via the electric field.
Fractional Sobolev Spaces with Kernel Function on Compact Riemannian Manifolds
Authors: Aberqi Ahmed , Ouaziz Abdesslam , Repovš Dušan D.
Published: November 2023

In this paper, a new class of Sobolev spaces with kernel function satisfying a Lévy-integrability-type condition on compact Riemannian manifolds is presented. We establish the properties of separability, reflexivity, and completeness. An embedding result is also proved. As an application, we prove the existence of solutions for a nonlocal elliptic problem involving the fractional $$p(\cdot , \cdot )$$

p
(
·
,
·
)

-Laplacian operator. As one of the main tools, topological degree theory is applied.
STIM2 regulates NMDA receptor endocytosis that is induced by short-term NMDA receptor overactivation in cortical neurons
Authors: Serwach Karolina , Nurowska Ewa , Klukowska Marta , Zablocka Barbara , Gruszczynska-Biegala Joanna
Published: November 2023

Recent findings suggest an important role for the dysregulation of stromal interaction molecule (STIM) proteins, activators of store-operated Ca2+ channels, and the prolonged activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. We previously demonstrated that STIM silencing increases Ca2+ influx through NMDAR and STIM–NMDAR2 complexes are present in neurons. However, the interplay between NMDAR subunits (GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B) and STIM1/STIM2 with regard to intracellular trafficking remains unknown. Here, we found that the activation of NMDAR endocytosis led to an increase in STIM2–GluN2A and STIM2–GluN2B interactions in primary cortical neurons. STIM1 appeared to migrate from synaptic to extrasynaptic sites. STIM2 silencing inhibited post-activation NMDAR translocation from the plasma membrane and synaptic spines and increased NMDAR currents. Our findings reveal a novel molecular mechanism by which STIM2 regulates NMDAR synaptic trafficking by promoting NMDAR endocytosis after receptor overactivation, which may suggest protection against excessive uncontrolled Ca2+ influx through NMDARs.
Verbesserung der Versorgung von Patientinnen und Patienten mit spastischer Bewegungsstörung nach Schlaganfall
Authors: Lee John-Ih , Günther Albrecht , Paus Sebastian , Royl Georg , Weyen Ute , Wissel Jörg , Zeuner Kirsten E. , Klebe Stephan
Published: November 2023

Hintergrund

In bis zu 43 % der Fälle entwickelt sich in Folge eines Schlaganfalls eine spastische Bewegungsstörung („spastic movement disorder“, SMD). Beim Vorliegen einer funktions- oder alltagsrelevanten SMD oder zur Vermeidung von Komplikationen wird die medikamentöse Behandlung einer fokalen, multifokalen und segmentalen spastischen Tonuserhöhung mit Botulinumneurotoxin A (BoNT-A) empfohlen. Versorgungsdaten dokumentieren jedoch einen Mangel an einer leitliniengerechten Versorgung in Deutschland.

Fragestellung

Ziel des berichteten Expertentreffens war es, Lösungswege aus der Fehl- und Unterversorgung für Patient*innen mit SMD zu diskutieren und eine Konsensusempfehlung zur Verbesserung der Versorgung zu formulieren.

Methoden

Auf einem im April 2022 durchgeführten Konsensus-Meeting diskutierten acht Expertinnen und Experten aus den Bereichen Neurologie, Physikalische Medizin und Rehabilitation die Ursachen der Fehl- und Unterversorgung und formulierten konsentierte Lösungsansätze.

Ergebnisse

Gründe der aktuellen Fehl- und Unterversorgung im SMD-Management in Deutschland umfassen ein unzureichendes Bewusstsein für SMD bei Ärztinnen und Ärzten, fehlende Behandlungskapazitäten, mangelnde Informationsübermittlung im Entlassungsmanagement und Personalmangel in spezialisierten stationären und ambulanten Therapiezentren. Das Gremium empfiehlt daher einen Patientenpfad, bei dem Betroffene mit SMD einer sachgerecht umgesetzten BoNT-A-Therapie in Kombination mit physikalischen Maßnahmen zugeführt werden.

Diskussion

Der empfohlene Versorgungspfad zur Anwendung bei Patient*innen nach Schlaganfall soll Versorgungslücken schließen und damit eine leitliniengerechte Behandlung der SMD nach Schlaganfall gewährleisten.
Quadriceps tendon malalignment is an independent anatomical deformity which is the primary abnormality associated with lateral facet patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis
Authors: Talbot Simon , Zordan Rachel , Bennett Kyle , Sasanelli Francesca , Griffith Andrew , Woodford Noel , Walter William L.
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The purposes of this study are to, firstly, develop techniques to accurately identify extensor mechanism malalignment by measuring the alignment of the quadriceps tendon (QTA) with computerized tomography (CT) scans. Secondly, to investigate correlations between QTA and lower limb bony anatomical variations within a representative normal population. Lastly, to evaluate the clinical significance of QTA by establishing its potential connection with lateral facet patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis (LFPFJOA).

Method

CT scans were orientated to a mechanical axis reference frame and three techniques developed to measure the alignment of the quadriceps tendon. Multiple measurement of bony alignment from the hip to the ankle were performed on each scan. A series of 110 cadaveric CT scans were measured to determine normal values, reproducibility, and correlations with bony anatomy. Secondly, a comparison between 2 groups of 25 patients, 1 group with LFPFJOA and 1 group with isolated medial OA and no LFPFJOA.

Results

From the cadaveric study, it was determined that the alignment of the quadriceps tendon is on average 4.3° (SD 3.9) varus and the apex of the tendon is 9.1 mm (SD 7.7 mm) lateral to the trochlear groove and externally rotated 1.9° (SD 12.4°) from the centre of the femoral shaft. There was no association between the quadriceps tendon alignment and any other bony measurements including tibial tubercle trochlear groove distance (TTTG), coronal alignment, trochlear groove alignment and femoral neck anteversion. A lateralized QTA was significantly associated with LFPFJOA. QTA in the LFPFJOA group was 9.6° varus (SD 2.8°), 21.3 mm (SD 6.6) lateralised and 17.3° ER (SD 11°) compared to 5.5° (SD 2.3°), 10.7 mm (SD 4.9) and 3.3° (SD 7.2°), respectively, in the control group (p < 0.001). A significant association with LFPFJOA was also found for TTTG (17.2 mm (SD 5.7) vs 12.1 mm (SD 4.3), p < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis confirmed the QTA as having the stronger association with LFPFJOA than TTTG (AUC 0.87 to 0.92 for QTA vs 0.79 for TTTG).

Conclusion

These studies have confirmed the ability to accurately determine QTA on CT scans. The normal values indicate that the QTA is highly variable and unrelated to bony anatomy. The comparative study has determined that QTA is clinically relevant and a lateralised QTA is the dominant predictor of severe LFPFJOA. This deformity should be considered when assessing patella maltracking associated with patella osteoarthritis, patella instability and arthroplasty.

Level of evidence

III (retrospective cohort study).
Neural underpinnings of response inhibition in substance use disorders: weak meta-analytic evidence for a widely used construct
Authors: Fascher Maximilian , Nowaczynski Sandra , Spindler Carolin , Strobach Tilo , Muehlhan Markus
Published: November 2023

Rationale

Substance use disorders (SUDs) rank among the most severely debilitating psychiatric conditions. Among others, decreased response inhibition capacities could make it more difficult for patients to abstain from drug use and maintain abstinence. However, meta-analyses on the neural basis of response inhibition in SUDs yielded conflicting results.

Objective

In this study, we revisited the neuroimaging research field and summarized the existing fMRI literature on overt response inhibition (Go/NoGo and stop-signal paradigms) across different SUDs.

Methods

We performed a systematic literature review and an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis to investigate the actual convergence of functional deviations observed in SUD samples. Results were further supplied by consecutive robustness measures and a post-hoc random-effects meta-analysis of behavioural data.

Results

We identified k = 21 eligible studies for our analysis. The ALE analysis indicated a significant cluster of convergence with its statistical peak in the right anterior insula. Consecutive analyses, however, indicated this result was not robust and susceptible towards publication bias. Additionally, a post-hoc random effects meta-analysis of the behavioural parameters of Go/NoGo and stop-signal paradigms reported by the included studies revealed no significant differences in task performance comparing SUD samples and controls.

Conclusion

We discuss that the role of task-based response inhibition may require some refinement as an overarching marker for SUD pathology. Finally, we give a few prospects for future research that should be further explored in this context.