bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theses for new strategies of development of textile and clothing industry: Part 2
Authors: Dimitrijević Dragan
Published: April 2021

An important element of the policy of development and modernization of each country is the establishment of a program of balanced long-term development, which must be complementary with strategic priorities and national characteristics, as well as the real state and prospects of technical and technological development of science and industry. Therefore, manufacturing entrepreneurship today, would have to combine scientific research activities, education sector and public administration with production, in order to ensure efficient acquisition of new knowledge and skills, along the generation and production-economic valorization of innovations and diffusion and implementation of technical-technological innovations and new technologies, with priority reliance on ICT (information and communication technologies). It is obvious that sustainable competitiveness, in times of general and business globalization, is no longer in quantitative-qualitative aspects of production, but in new elements of production specialization, adequate and timely implementation of technical-technological innovations, in organizational innovations, in the way cluster business and in global efficiency, as well as in close and flexible connection of design, planning, production technologies and production, with the possibility of quick response (JustInTime and QuickResponseSystem) to the changes required by the market. That is why today the issue of redefining the way of work and business of textile/clothing industry companies is more than current, in fact the issue of redefining the strategic programs of economic development of developing countries.
Hunting tourism as a factor for economic development of hunting associations on the territory of the City of Leskovac
Authors: Pešić Bratislav
Published: April 2021

The subject of this study is the impact of hunting tourism on the development of hunting associations in the territory of the City of Leskovac in Serbia. Non-experimental model of scientific research, survey, was applied in the paper, while the obtained results were processed by statistical data processing. Data are presented in tables and graphs. The total number of completed questionnaires by service users was 475. The largest percentage of hunters on hunting grounds were foreign tourists compared to domestic tourists, which accounted for 84.50% of the total number of hunting tourists in 2017, 87.1% in 2018 .year and 89 8% in 2019. The income generated from the stay of hunters' tourists was used by hunting associations for the purchase of certain game species and the modernization of hunting and technical facilities. The amount of revenue generated increased by 2.3% each year in 2018 and by 22.6% in 2019. Investments in 2017-2019 were up 20.1% in 2018 to 38.8% in 2019, while funds earmarked for wildlife procurement were significantly higher by 3.8% in 2018, and 50% in 2019. It can be concluded that hunting and hunting tourism must be focused on habitat conservation, environmental protection, and wildlife protection and a very important segment of the economic development of hunting associations and the entire territory in which hunting associations operate.
Geographical index of concentration as an indicator of the spatial distribution of tourist attractions in Belgrade
Authors: Pavlović Sanja , Jovanović Radmila
Published: April 2021

The spatial structure of tourist attractions can be presented both qualitatively and quantitatively. One of the indicators of the spatial structure of tourism is the index of geographical concentration of tourist attractions. The geographical concentration of tourist attractions represents the ratio of the number of tourist attractions in the observed area and its structural parts and the total number of structural units of the analyzed area. This paper aims to determine the spatial distribution of attractions in the administrative territories of Belgrade municipalities and to establish correlations with tourist attendance. The number and spatial distribution of accommodation capacities are the largest in the central city municipalities so that the number of visitors is the largest in them. At the same time, the central city municipalities have the highest concentration of tourist attractions. For data collection, the authors used field research, OSM (Open Street Maps), Google maps, with software processing ArcGIS 10.2. The research results enabled the definition of the model of distribution of tourist attractions and indicated its application. This model of distribution of tourist attractions shows that they are mostly concentrated in the city center. This also means a small spatial connection of tourist attractions in the city center and peripheral parts.
Prohibition on practicing a profession, activity or duty in the criminal law of Republic of Serbia
Authors: Dimovski Darko , Milić Ivan
Published: April 2021

As a basic principle, the "right to work" is guaranteed under the Constitution of the Republic of Serbia. This human right is further elaborated primarily in the Labor Law, but also in other laws that stipulate the conditions for the establishment, exercise and termination of employment. This paper emphasizes the possibility of restricting both natural and legal persons, including entrepreneurs, to practicing a particular profession, activity or duty, resulting from the imposition of criminal sanctions. The security and protective measures in the criminal law of the Republic of Serbia prohibiting the practice of specific activities are also emphasized. One of the aims is to point out the consequences of the measures imposed, which are often more severe than the sentence itself.
CFD- and VPP-Challenges in the Design of the New AC90 Americas Cup Yacht
Authors: Graf Kai , Boehm Christoph , Renzsch Hannes
Published: April 2021

This paper describes some CFD and VPP investigations around a 90' yacht designed under the recently proposed class rules of an AC90 yacht to be used in a future Americas Cup. While it currently is not foreseeable if AC90-yachts will ever be sailed in the Americas Cup, these yachts provide some challenges for the designer as well as the flow analyst. In this paper, flow simulations around the fully appended hull at expected very high Froude numbers are shown as well as spinnaker flow simulations taking into account the extraordinary spinnaker design constraints. In addition, the treatment of skiff-like performance of the yacht in a VPP is investigated.
Development and Initial Review of the Mark II Navy 44 Sail Training Craft
Authors: Miller Paul , Pedrick David , Schweikert Gram
Published: April 2021

Offshore seamanship and navigation training in small sailing craft is a key component in the professional development of many midshipmen at the United States Naval Academy. Spanning six decades, the offshore sail training program uses purpose designed and built craft that occupy a unique niche in the sailing world. This paper details the development and initial feedback from the fourth generation craft. As the paper also includes significant technical design detail, it can also serve as a example of modern cruising yacht design. The paper identifies the major design drivers as well as the key design decisions with the background reasoning and research. Significant technical details of the hull, appendages, deck layout and rigging are presented, along with material selections and quality assurance and control processes. Midstream design changes are explained as well as feedback from the sea trials, delivery and initial racing and sail training use. Finally, the lessons learned from the entire process are presented for consideration.
Full Scale Measurements on a Hydrofoil International Moth
Authors: Beaver Bill , Zseleczky John
Published: April 2021

The International Moth class has experienced a resurgence of interest and publicity associated with the adoption of hydrofoils and the performance improvements these foil have brought. This paper documents a series of full scale tow tests intended to characterize some of the major parameters impacting the performance of a foiling Moth. Specifically:

- the lift and drag was measured for of various home built and commercially available T-foil configurations,

- the hydrodynamic drag of a hull was measured at various displacements, and

- the aerodynamic forces (side force and drag) were measured for a hull and racks. It is hoped that this data will be useful for future designers to further push the state of the art.
Kulturen i finansudvalget 1894-1901, belyst gennem C. Hages dagbøger
Authors: Harbo Ole
Published: April 2021

Christopher Friedenreich Hage fødtes i Nakskov i 1848 og døde i 1930. Han blev en af systemskiftets førende politikere, først som uafhængig højremand, så som hovedkraft i Venstrereformpartiet og til sidst som radikal. Det var Hage, der fik Estrups efterfølger som konseilspræsident, Reedtz-Thott, til i folketinget at love, at han aldrig ville regere ved hjælp af provisoriske finanslove, og det var triumviratet J. C. Christensen, P. Alberti og C. Hage, der formulerede Venstregruppernes politik i folketing og regering. Som konsekvens heraf blev Hage finansminister i den første venstreregering 1901 og året efter ved Hørups død tillige trafikminister. Som finansminister blev det Hage, der gennemførte en af de mest gennemgribende ændringer i det danske samfundsliv, nemlig skattereformen af 1903, der indførte indkomstskatten. Hages politiske udvikling fra højre mod venstre resulterede i hans afgang fra regeringen i 1905, og først i 1916 blev Hage igen minister. Da indtrådte han i det radikale ministerium Zahle, først som minister uden portefølje og vikar for den sygemeldte finansminister Edv. Brandes, siden som handelsminister. I marts 1920 afgik han sammen med det øvrige ministerium.
Overbibliotekar Werlauff og hans forbindelser med norske forskere
Authors: Munthe Gerhard
Published: April 2021

»Hvor tungt vi føle Savnet af vore Bøger, behøver jeg ei at sige Dem! Jeg har 7 Bøger med mig! Selv mine Excerpter fra Kongens Bibliothek o.s.v. ligge i Kjøbenhavn. Skolens meget gode Bibliothek er vor eneste Trøst.« Det var professor Svend Borchmann Hersleb (1784-1836) som senhøstes 1813 skrev disse mistrøstige ord til sin danske venn og tidligere elev Peder Hjort (1793-1871).
Bibliotekstilbud i København før de kommunale biblioteker
Authors: Mosolff Kirsten
Published: April 2021

De ældste biblioteker i Danmark var først og fremmest biblioteker for de lærde. Op igennem 1700-årene begyndte nye strømninger af idéer og interesser at komme til landet. Dette resulterede også i ændringer på biblioteksområdet, bl.a. på grund af en større læselyst, ikke bare blandt de bedre stillede, men også hos den almene befolkning. Der var nu begyndt at blive flere skoler, så læsefærdighederne blandt den almene befolkning var blevet bedre. Med skoleloven i 1814 blev en endnu større del af befolkningen i stand ti
Det første møde
Authors: Dyrbye Martin
Published: April 2021

Den 3. - 4. august 1909, fandt det første danske biblioteksmøde sted  i Arhus. Denne begivenhed blev epokegørende på mange måder, og kom til at præge biblioteksudviklingen i de følgende årtier, ja faktisk helt op til vor egen tid, altså i et helt århundrede. Især et bidrag fra biblioteksmødet har sat sine spor i biblioteksudviklingen og bibliotekshistorieskrivningen, idet H. 0. Langes berømte foredrag om "Bibliotekssagen uden for København" lagde grundstenen til den organisering af biblioteksvæsenet som vi kender det i dag.
Redaktionelt forord
Authors: Marcussen Martin
Published: April 2021

I denne særlige udgave af Økonomi & Politik præsenterer vi en nydannelse i tidsskriftets historie: to temasektioner i ét samlet nummer. Ét tema vedrører den antropologiske analyses landvindinger og resultater i mødet med centrale problemstillinger i det danske samfund, og et andet tema retter fokus mod den diplomatiske frontlinje på de danske ambassader og multilaterale repræsentationer. Umiddelbart er der ikke det store sammenfald mellem de to temaer, men i praksis er det tydeligt, at de to temaer i høj grad fletter sig ud og ind af hinanden og til sammen udgør ét formfuldendt hele. Hvor grundessensen i antropologien er at studere, hvordan mennesker lever med hinanden på tværs af forskellige kulturer, handler studiet af frontlinjediplomatiet om mødet mellem den diplomatiske markarbejder og den lokale kontekst i et værtsland. Man kan næsten sige, at studiet af ”frontlinjediplomatiet i forandring” er et antropologisk studie, hvor diplomati som social adfærd og en kompleks myriade af dynamiske regler, normer, kulturer og kognitive processer bliver de centrale studieobjekter.
TEMAREDAKTØRERNES INTRODUKTION: Antropologiske bidrag
Authors: Vangkilde Kasper Tang , Hohnen Pernille , Lex Simon
Published: April 2021

Antropologien vokser frem og vinder indpas i stadigt flere områder af samfundet. Hvor antropologer til tider er blevet udskældt – også af antropologer selv – for ikke at tage aktivt del i væsentlige samfundsmæssige diskussioner og problemstillinger, er der en klar tendens i antropologien i dag til at engagere sig i aktuelle samfundsudfordringer. Hvad end det drejer sig om klima, sundhed, kriminalitet, digitalisering, bæredygtighed, økonomi, integration, aldring eller noget helt andet, er der antropologer til stede. Men hvad er det, antropologien har at byde på? I dette temanummer stiller vi skarpt på antropologiens bidrag til samfundsmæssige udfordringer og spørgsmål. Gennem seks konkrete casestudier viser vi, hvordan antropologien kan bidrage med såvel kritiske indsigter som konstruktive indspark. I denne introduktion til temanummeret udfolder vi de antropologiske bidrag, idet vi særligt søger at udkrystallisere nogle af de centrale måder, hvorpå antropologien kan gøre en forskel i samfundet.
Med fare for at blive tabt mellem to stole: Forsvarsattachéerne som en integreret del af udetjenesten
Authors: Christensen Line Lindegaard , Juhl-Rasmussen Sofie Amalie , Thoby Caroline
Published: April 2021

Udenrigsministeriet har ikke længere monopol på dansk udenrigspolitik. Derimod ser vi et sektordiplomati i stigende vækst, hvor især forsvarsattachéembedet er højaktuelt i en tid, hvor de tektoniske plader i udenrigspolitikken flytter sig. Vi undersøger det ellers uudforskede danske forsvarsattachéembede. Dette gøres med et særlig fokus på de komplekse samarbejdsrelationer, der er vilkåret for forsvarsattachéen både ude på ambassaderne, men også i relationerne til Forsvarsministeriet, Forsvarskommandoen og Udenrigsministeriet. På trods af forskellige professioner og kulturforståelser fungerer samarbejdet i de fleste tilfælde godt. Som det oftest er i processer med mange forskelligartede aktører, kan der dog opstå misforståelser og videnstab. I en tid, hvor Danmark som småstat forsøger at bibeholde internationalt samarbejde og de diplomatiske dyder, er det vigtigt at tage pulsen på forsvarsattachévirket, så det kan indrettes således, at det bedst muligt kan være med til at fremme danske interesser.
De danske klimafrontposter – bastioner uden våben?
Authors: Jefsen Mille Poulsen , Rønberg Andreas Bøgh
Published: April 2021

Som følge af et historisk folketingsvalg, der af mange blev kaldt et “klimavalg” (Kallestrup og Eller, 2019), skruede Udenrigsministeriet i november 2019 op for sine klimaambitioner (Udenrigsministeriet, 2019). Ovenpå lanceringen af to forskellige bæredygtigheds- og klimastrategier blev 20 af Danmarks repræsentationer udnævnt som “klimafrontposter”. Ingen af de to strategier har dog haft nævneværdigt fokus på, hvad rollen som klimafrontpost egentlig indebærer (Udenrigsministeriet, 2019; Regeringen, 2020). I denne artikel undersøger vi, hvordan Udenrigsministeriet har arbejdet med lanceringen og implementeringen af klimafrontposterne. Hovedargumentet i denne artikel er, at som følge af en manglende kommunikation fra hjemmetjenesten til de 20 klimafrontposter er der er opstået en uoverensstemmelse mellem hjemmetjenestens tilsigtede mål og klimafrontposternes forståelse af initiativet. Mens hjemmetjenesten på den ene side har set klimafrontpostinitiativet som et led i en vigtig og grundlæggende kulturforandring i Udenrigsministeriet, har frontposterne på den anden side savnet et højere ambitionsniveau.
Investigating The Load-Bearing Capacity Of Additively Manufactured Lattice Structures
Authors: Radics Janos P. , Szeles Levente
Published: April 2021

Additive manufacturing provides unprecedented design freedom from the product’s external appearance to the internal structure. Additively manufactured parts, objects can be designed with cellular lattice structures as infills. The application of lattice structures can reduce the required amount of material and desired properties can be assigned to certain objects. There are several different lattice structures each with its own unique, exclusive property or properties. In this study a wide spectrum of so called ‘auxetic’ and standard lattice structures will be compared using finite element method and compression laboratory tests. The considered auxetic and non-auxetic cellular structures are based on the result of other researches. Along with the aforementioned existing lattices several new structures were proposed. Nine distinct additively manufactured specimens were compared.
TRADE AND AFRICAN REGIONAL AGREEMENTS: A SPATIAL ECONOMETRIC APPROACH
Authors: Koch Wilfried , Tientao Aligui , Legros Diègo
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of African regional blocs on African trade flows while allowing for spatial interdependence between trade flows. To this end, we derive a spatial gravity equation by removing the implicit assumption that trade flows between two trading partners are independent of what happens in the rest of the trading world. We estimate the border effects for five Sub-Saharan regional blocs (cemac, comesa, ecowas, sadc and waemu). We decompose the border effect into two components: a trade-boosting intra-bloc effect and a trade-reducing inter-bloc effect. Our findings show that trade agreements produce positive effects on intra-bloc trade flows and these effects are particularly prominent when the blocs are advanced in their integration process. In addition, the spatial interdependence between trade flows is reflected in a negative relationship as implied by the theoretical model, suggesting a natural measure of spatial competition.
L’ÉVOLUTION DES SALAIRES RÉELS AU QUÉBEC DE 1940 À 2018 : ANALYSE HISTORIQUE
Authors: Rouillard Jacques , Rouillard Jean-François
Published: April 2021

Notre étude porte sur une période plus longue que les travaux de recherche dont on peut disposer sur les salaires réels au Québec. En effet, nous examinons l’évolution des salaires depuis la Deuxième Guerre mondiale jusqu’à 2018 en distinguant deux périodes : 1940-1977 et 1978-2018. La première est marquée par une augmentation substantielle de la rémunération moyenne des salariés alors que la deuxième voit leurs salaires nominaux croitre à peu près au même rythme que les prix à la consommation. La comparaison entre ces deux périodes permet de mettre en relief les facteurs qui sont à l’origine d’une évolution aussi différenciée.

Pendant les années glorieuses d’après-guerre, la prospérité économique, l’appui de l’État et le militantisme syndical ont contribué à la forte croissance des salaires qui évoluent au même rythme que la croissance de la productivité du travail. Le revirement des politiques gouvernementales à partir de la fin des années 1970, une croissance économique plus lente, la concurrence internationale, et l’érosion du rapport de force des salariés font en sorte que leur rémunération réelle, qu’ils soient syndiqués ou non, a presque stagné jusqu’à nos jours. Il en est résulté un retard des salaires sur la productivité contribuant à un déséquilibre dans la répartition du revenu intérieur brut entre le capital et le travail.
SATISFACTION DES ENSEIGNANTS ET PERFORMANCES SCOLAIRES AU BÉNIN
Authors: Kponou Monsoï Kenneth Colombiano
Published: April 2021

Cette étude examine l’effet de la satisfaction des enseignants sur les performances scolaires. Sur données de la base PASEC du Bénin, nous avons estimé par les méthodes Probit et Tobit des modèles de déterminants de la satisfaction des enseignants d’une part et d’autre part, par la méthode des modèles linéaires hiérarchiques nous avons estimé un modèle des déterminants des performances scolaires. Nos résultats suggèrent que la rémunération, le statut professionnel, la qualification des enseignants sont des variables qui expliquent la satisfaction des enseignants. Par ailleurs, il ressort que la satisfaction des enseignants a une influence significative et positive sur les performances scolaires.
LES CONSÉQUENCES DES PROGRAMMES DE CONTRÔLE DES ÉVALUATIONS FONCIÈRES SUR LES TAUX DE TAXATION MUNICIPALE DES ENTREPRISES : LE CAS DE LA NOUVELLE-ÉCOSSE
Authors: De Lamirande Patrick , Stevens Jason
Published: April 2021

La bulle immobilière du début du siècle a eu un impact au-delà de l’accessibilité à la propriété. Les évaluations foncières, liées à la valeur des maisons, ont également augmenté durant la même période. Puisque les taxes foncières ont augmenté de façon inégale entre propriétaires, cette hausse a eu un impact réel sur la distribution fiscale entre les membres d’une même communauté. Pour diminuer l’impact de certaines hausses spectaculaires de taxes foncières, le Gouvernement de Nouvelle-Écosse a instauré en 2005 le programme d’évaluation plafonnée (PEP) pour limiter l’augmentation des évaluations foncières. Ce programme a eu comme impacts de limiter la hausse de la base taxable des municipalités qui se sont alors retrouvées face à un manque-à-gagner. Cet article démontre que, pour répondre à la diminution des revenus de taxation, les municipalités ont limité la hausse des taux de taxation (ou les ont gelés) des propriétés résidentielles et ont augmenté le taux de taxes foncières des entreprises. La mise en place du PEP a ainsi contribué à transférer une partie significative du fardeau fiscal des propriétaires résidents aux entreprises par l’augmentation des taux commerciaux de 23 % en moyenne pour l’ensemble des municipalités néo-écossaises alors que les taux résidentiels sont restés inchangés lors de la période 2003-2014.
On the existence of tax liability
Authors: Davtyan Yuliya Aleksandrovna
Published: April 2021

The subject of this research the normative legal acts that regulate social relations emerging as a result of violation of financial legislation of the Russian Federation and determine unlawfulness of the act and penalties for its commission, grounds and mechanism of legal liability, as well as the established law enforcement practice and the existing legal doctrine. This theoretical-legal research is dedicated to examination of the essence and content of the category of tax liability. The study of tax liability as an apparent phenomenon of the Russian socio-legal reality is conducted via dissection of the indicated conceptual category with consideration of the existing contradictory doctrinal views on this phenomenon, as well as the accumulated socio-legal experience. The relevance of this research is substantiate by the range of opinions underlying the doctrinal foundation of legal liability as a scientific category of financial law and general theory of law. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that the conclusion made in the course research on the autonomy of tax liability within the system of legal liability of in the Russian law allowed correlating the constitutive characteristics of legal liability with the characteristics of its particular case – tax liability. The conducted analysis and scientific reflection on the reviewed concepts became a derivative of the conclusion on the autonomy of tax liability within the system of legal liability in the Russian law.
“De facto” single real estate complex as an object of taxation in the context of corporate property tax of
Authors: Makarova Ksenia Olegovna
Published: April 2021

The problem of qualification of property became urgent in 2019, when corporate property tax was levied on movable property. Tax authorities began to reclassify movable property into immovable property, using the terms and constructions of civil legislation. This article examines such legal constructs as a single real estate complex, and its impact upon taxation of corporate property. Special attention given to the following questions: 1. What objects can be incorporated into a single real estate complex? 2. Whether the range of objects united by a single technological network can be recognized as a single real estate complex, if the right to ownership is not registered as for a single immovable object in the uniform state register? Based on the analysis of the actual arbitration cases, it is concluded that the concept of a single real estate complex was completely revised by the tax authorities, and then by the courts, violating the goals pursued by the legislator, who tried to encourage corporations to renovate fixed assets, intentionally excluding movable property as the object of taxation in the context of corporate property tax. The author concludes that the interpretation of the terms of civil legislation proposed by tax authorities and established in case law led to unfeasibility of the goals set for the legislator, as well as to violation of the fundamental tax principles.
Evidence of integumentary scale diversity in the late Jurassic Sauropod Diplodocus sp. from the Mother’s Day Quarry, Montana
Authors: Gallagher Tess , Poole Jason , Schein Jason P.
Published: April 2021

The life appearance of dinosaurs is a hotly debated topic in the world of paleontology, especially when it comes to dinosaur integument. In the case of sauropods, however, the topic is harder to properly discuss due to the limited amount of fossilized skin impressions that have been discovered. Thus far, the fossil record of sauropod integument fossils include titanosaur embryos from Patagonia, possible keratinous diplodocid dorsal spines, track ways with foot impressions, and other isolated skin impressions found in association with sauropod body fossils. Several prominent integument fossils have been found at the Mother’s Day Quarry, located in the Bighorn Basin, Montana. These discoveries may bring new important information about diplodocids, specifically Diplodocus sp. Here we describe newly uncovered fossilized skin that gives evidence of scale diversity in the genus Diplodocus. The scales themselves represent tubercles, and exhibit various shapes including rectangular, ovoid, polygonal, and globular scales. The tubercles are small in size, the biggest of which only reach about 10mm in length. Considering how diverse the scale shapes are in such a small area of skin, it is possible that these distinct scale shapes may represent a transition on the body from one region to another: perhaps from the abdomen to dorsal side, or abdomen to shoulder. Based on analysis of extant integument and scale orientation of crocodilians, it is possible to hypothesize on the location of the integument relative to the body as well as the size and relative maturational status of the individual.
DNA-based diversity assessment reveals a new coral barnacle, Cantellius alveoporae sp. nov. (Balanomorpha: Pyrgomatidae) exclusively associated with the high latitude coral Alveopora japonica in the waters of southern Korea
Authors: Kim Hyun Kyong , Chan Benny K.K. , Song Sung Joon , Khim Jong Seong
Published: April 2021

In the present study, the Indo-Pacific coral associated barnacle Cantellius euspinulosum (Broch, 1931) was found to have cryptic species in Korea, Taiwan and other regions based on molecular studies. However, the original specimens of C. euspinulosum from Broch have not been previously described or illustrated, making it difficult to assign which cryptic species to the original C. euspinulosum. The original specimen of C. euspinulosum was examined and illustrated here, and the species identity of C. cf. euspinulosum collected from Jejudo Island in the present study and other cryptic species (based on literature illustrations) in the Indo-Pacific were evaluated.C. euspinulosum from Singapore, Java, Mergui Archipelago in Andaman Sea and Nha Trang represented the C. euspinulosum identified by Broch (1931). It is a generalist on Acropora, Favia, Favites, Leptoria, Montipora, Pachyseris and Pocillipora corals and distributed in the Indo-Pacific region. Morphological examination and DNA sequencing (COI, 12S DNA sequences) in the present study showed that C. cf. euspinulosum from Jejudo Island, Korea represents a distinct species, herein named C. alveoporae sp. nov. Cantellius alveroporae sp. nov. is a specialist species that only grows on Alveopora and also present in Palau, and Ogasawara Island in Japan. Cantellius cf. euspinuloum in Taiwan, the Moscos Island, and Australia belong to several other distinct species awaiting further morphological and molecular studies. At least five cryptic species of C. euspinulosum were identified in the present study, including both specialist and generalists.
Participation of Farm Women in Agricultural Activities in Tiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Manimekalai R. , Devi M. Nirmala , Agila R.
Published: April 2021

Women play a significant role in agricultural development and allied activities. More than 70% of farm work is being performed by women. The present study analyzed the extent of participation of farm women in different farm operations and allied activities, constraints faced by the farm women involving in farm operations and reported the contribution of women in agriculture in Tiruvallur district is extremely significant. Women participation was the maximum in sowing, transplanting (34%) and intercultural operations (49%). Women actively involved in cattle management including Harvesting of fodder, Feeding, Watering, Milking, and Cleaning (85 to 100%). Drudgery for farm women was recorded high in transplanting (29.30%), harvesting (26.66%) and carrying fertilizer (35.66%). Farm women spend more time in transplanting, weeding and harvesting (08 hrs/day) followed by sowing (06 hrs/day), cattle management (04 hrs/day). Hence reduction in drudgery will lead to increase in participation of farm work. The study indicated that there is still a wide gender gap in the involvement in major filed operations which may be addressed properly for overall involvement of farm women and development.
Effect of Inorganic Fertilizers and Farm Yard Manure on Agronomic Characteristics of Upland Rice Straw in Taita Taveta Highlands, Kenya
Authors: Wekesa Simon , Kambura Anne Kelly , Maghenda Marianne , Gacheru James , Kimani John , Mcharo Mwamburi
Published: April 2021

The study evaluated upland rice varietal agronomic characteristics and differences due to effects of fertilizer treatment and season at Taita Taveta University, Ngerenyi campus. The experiment was conducted during the short rains of 2018 and long rains of 2019. The experiment was a Randomized Complete Block Design with 3 replications. Individual plots measured 2.5 m by 2 m. Varieties evaluated were 17KH09010093B, WDR73 Hybrid, NERICA 1, NERICA 10 and Komboka. The treatments included were farm yard manure (8 tons ha-1), DAP at 75 kg ha-1, NPK (17:17:17) at 65 kg ha-1, and no fertilizer. Plant height, panicle length, leaf length, number of tillers, fresh weight, and dry weight were assessed. Variety, fertilizer and season had significant effects (P=0.05) on the morphological variables. NERICA 10 was the tallest variety at a mean of 72 cm in 2018 and a mean height of 61 cm in 2019. DAP treated plants were the tallest in both 2018 and 2019. Varieties were significantly different (P=0.0004) for panicle length. NERICA 10 had the longest panicles. Varietal effect was significant (P<0.001) for leaf length. NERICA 1 had the longest leaves in both seasons. DAP had the greatest effect on leaf length. Varieties differed significantly (P<0.001) in number of tillers per plant. Variety 17KH09010093B had the highest number of tillers per plant of 34.78 obtained in 2018. DAP resulted in the highest number of tillers. Variety and fertilizers interacted significantly (P=0.007) for foliage weight. WDR73 Hybrid out-yielded other varieties (149.31g) in fresh foliage weight. DAP resulted in the highest fresh morphological yield followed by NPK. There were significant differences in dry foliage weight among varieties and between seasons (P<0.001). Variety 17KH09010093B had the highest dry weight. Further studies on the socio–economics of fertilizer use should be conducted to provide reliable recommendations for upland rice production as forage.
Evaluation of Hemidesmus indicus Plant Compounds for Anti-Cancer Studies – An In silico Approach
Authors: Tummala Pavan Kumar , Nannapaneni Sreeja , Durvasula Sumana Pratyusha , Chadalavada Supriya , Venigandla Sunandini , Vemuru Srikanth , Veeravilli Suryanarayana , Mallu Maheswara Reddy
Published: April 2021

Background: Phytocompounds in medicinal plants have a wide range of properties and are alternative medicines for those who cannot be helped by conventional medicine.

Objective: In this work we have selected bioactive compounds from Hemidesmus indicus medicinal plant extracts.

Methods: Gas chromatography and Mass spectrum studies were studied to identify the compounds present in the ethanolic extracts based on the retention time and area.

Results: The identified compounds were used for anti-cancer activity by insilico method with BCL-2 which plays prominent role in causing cancer.

Conclusion: Out of twenty selected compounds, docking results showedMethyl-1-Cyclohexane carboxylate and 1,2-diacetoxy-5-idohexane as best docked to the BCL-2.
Prevalence of Dry Eye Disease in Connective Tissue Disorders
Authors: Desai Jigish
Published: April 2021

Aim: To assess prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) and its severity in patients of Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Primary Sjogren’s syndrome in a tertiary care hospital in Gujarat.

Methods: It is a Prospective cross-sectional study of 94 patients diagnosed with SLE and Sjogren’s syndrome. All patients underwent: 1. History taking 1. Visual acuity assessment using standard illuminated Snellen chart 2. Slit lamp examination with dry eye tests 3. Fundus examination The findings were recorded in the proforma and subsequent analysis was done using SSPS software.

Results: DED prevalence was 51.1% overall, 42% among SLE and 66.66%in Primary Sjogren’s syndrome. Severity of DED was noted to be more in Primary sjogren’swith 33.33% having severe DED.

Conclusion: DED overall prevalence in connective tissue disorders is significant, highest being in Sjogren’s. The findings highlight the severity of DED in rheumatoid arthritisgreater to when compared with other connective tissue disorders. Awareness and earlydetection of dry eye disease is of paramount to initiate appropriate treatment and reducevisual morbidity.
Response Analysis of Liquid Storage Tanks on Ringwall Foundation to Ground Vibration Caused by Falling Weight
Authors: Lim Jongjin , Ha Ik-Soo
Published: April 2021

In this study, on-site tests were performed to analyze the response characteristics of cylindrical steel structures on the ring wall foundation to landfill ground vibration and provide significant safety precautions and reference values for site management. Vibrations were generated through free fall of the weight, and the vibration source energy was changed by adjusting the fall height of the weight. The ground vibration effect on landfill was analyzed by combining the three-axis measurement data to generate the peak particle velocity (PPV), and the dominant frequency results were obtained using the fast Fourier transform. The analyses of the PPV and dominant frequencies on the concrete pavement (20 cm thick), where the liquid storage tank was located, showed a different area of vulnerability to ground vibration on the tank. We also derived an expression to predict the PPV on the concrete pavement as a function of the vibration energy and the distance from the vibration source. The correlation between the PPV on the pavement and the PPV on the tank wall was analyzed. A reference value for on-site management reflecting the dominant frequency, which is a vibration characteristic value, was recommended.
A Study on 3D Model Construction by Controlling Unmanned Aerial Vehicle of Camera Angle
Authors: Song Youngseok , Lee Hyeong Jun , Kim Byung Sik , Park Moojong
Published: April 2021

In this study, the camera angle of a UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) was adjusted to take aerial photographs, and 2D and 3D models were constructed to evaluate the quantitative impact. The study area was Waryong Bridge, located in Dalseong-gun, Daegu Metropolitan City. The camera angles of the UAV were 90°, 75°, and 60°; DSM, orthophoto, and the 3D model were analyzed. As a result of the analysis of DSM and orthophoto, images were 1.05 times in 75° and 1.10 times in 60° compared to 90°, and matching was 1.09 times in 75° and 1.60 times in 60° compared to 90°. The point cloud for building 3D models increased analysis points to 1.17 times for 75° and 1.47 times for 60° compared to 90°. However, the area of an orthophoto of 1 pixel increased by 1.10 times for 75° and 1.34 times for 60° compared to 90°, resulting in a decrease in resolution. As the camera angle of the UAV decreases, the overlapping ratio of aerial photographs increases and the structure of wide areas can be implemented. However, since a large difference occurs in the precision of the 3D model, a shooting plan according to the purpose should be established.
Experimental Study on Two-Hour Fire Resistance Performance of Slabs in Modular Buildings under Loads
Authors: Son Seung-Mun , Lee Jae-Sung , Na Ok-Pin
Published: April 2021

For a floor of a building with no less than four stories and no more than twelve stories, the two-hour fire resistance performance should be satisfied. In the case of slabs with steel studs, no two-hour fire resistance performance has been proposed in Korea. In this study, the two-hour fire resistance performance of slabs with steel studs performing as structural elements of modular buildings was evaluated. These specimens were redesigned based on the typical slab used in Europe and North America by modifying the 45 mm fire-resistant board to achieve two-hour fire resistance. The experimental results showed that the FR-001 specimens with 140 mm mineral wool applied to the lower slab and the FR-002 specimens containing 100 mm lower-slab glass wool and 150 mm upper-slab mineral wool did not satisfy the two-hour fire resistance performance, owing to the rapid deformation of the specimens after 75 and 110 min, respectively. However, the FR-003 specimens containing 100 mm glass wool, 150 mm mineral wool in the upper slab, and concrete in the slab satisfied the two-hour fire resistance performance requirement.
Application of Sprinkler Head Discharge Obstruction in Semiconductor Factories
Authors: Kwon Younghee , Min Sehong
Published: April 2021

Semiconductor factories are significantly affected by the spray pattern of ceiling sprinkler heads owing to the large scale and complex mix of organic/exhaust ducts and multiple pipes. Therefore, sprinkler heads are installed in the spray disorder section of the lower barrier. However, more efficient installation measures are needed to mitigate the absence of detailed installation standards and interference with human and equipment transport lines. Currently, installation causes major confusion at construction sites and increases construction costs. The purpose of this research is to overcome these challenges by evaluating the operation status of sprinkler facilities in semiconductor factories, identify problems, and suggest more efficient installation measures. An installation plan that considers maintenance and fire extinguishing performance together is reviewed, and supported systematically with a relevant checklist.
Nuclear Hormone Receptor Medicinal Chemistry
Authors: Cheng Peter T.W. , Kick Ellen , Mukherjee Ranjan
Published: April 2021

This article will be focused on recent advances in the medicinal chemistry of agonist, antagonist, and modulator ligands of selected nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs) that are of special interest in the metabolic diseases therapeutic area (diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia/atherosclerosis). These NHRs include established biological targets such as the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs), the liver X receptors (LXRs), and the farnesoid X receptors (FXRs), for which ligands have reached either clinical development or have been approved for clinical usage. Other more recent targets of interest to metabolic diseases include HNF and Rev‐erb.
Osteoporosis Therapy: Mechanistic Antiresorptives
Authors: Dodge Jeffrey A. , Bryant Henry U.
Published: April 2021

Osteoporosis is defined as the thinning of bone resulting from the imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation, the two cellular mechanisms that regulate the remodeling of skeletal tissue. This loss of bone ultimately results in an increased risk of fracture. One therapeutic approach to treating patients with osteoporosis is to inhibit the process of bone resorption. This has been clinically manifested by the development of a number of large and small molecules that include calcitonin, integrin inhibitors, cathepsin K inhibitors, OPG/RANKL inhibitors, bisphosponates, and SERMS. This article describes recent advances in the anti‐resorptive field with a focus on clinically validated targets and the molecules that have been developed to regulate these pathways.
Drug Discovery in Erectile Dysfunction and Sleep Disorders
Authors: Rotella David P.
Published: April 2021

The need for new agents to address disorders that improve the quality of life and contribute to overall health was initiated by PDE5 inhibitors to treat erectile dysfunction. These safe and effective agents enabled investigation of other applications for their use that remain ongoing. Advances in the discovery of new targets for treatment of insomnia are reported.
Hsp90 Inhibitors
Authors: Blagg Brian S.J. , Hadden Matthew Kyle , Tarpley Reid S.
Published: April 2021

As of 2018, 18 Hsp90 inhibitors have entered clinical trials had been launched toward the treatment of human cancers. The 90 kDa heat shock proteins (Hsp90) are molecular chaperones required for the conformational maturation of a number of key signaling proteins that are often overexpressed and/or mutated in transformed cells. Consequently, small molecule inhibitors of Hsp90 exert a combinatorial attack on cancer cells that may be comparable to the administration of multiple chemotherapeutic agents.
US FDA‐Approved Small‐Molecule Kinase Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Yu Mingfeng , Tadesse Solomon , Wang Shudong
Published: April 2021

Abnormal activation of kinases is associated with various types of human cancer. A milestone approval of a small‐molecule kinase inhibitor (SMKI), imatinib, in 2001 for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia has revolutionized the clinical practice. This has invigorated the kinase‐targeted drug discovery and clinical sciences, and drug developers have been searching for the next revolutionary therapeutic agents to combat cancer. By mid‐2019, a total of 48 SMKIs have received their regulatory approvals from the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) for the treatment of cancer. This article starts with an introduction of kinases; emphasis is placed on the differences between the structures of active and inactive kinases in that these structural disparities form the basis of the current classification of SMKIs which is subsequently outlined. Thereafter USFDA‐approved SMKI oncology drugs are delineated, with a great deal of attention paid to their respective oncology indications and co‐crystal structures with indication‐related kinases; an overview of biomedical rationales of the kinases being targeted is also provided. Towards the end, some of the current challenges and future prospects in developing SMKI‐based cancer therapies are discussed.
Cancer Drug Resistance – Targets and Therapies
Authors: Zdrazil Barbara , Ecker Gerhard F.
Published: April 2021

The development of drug resistance represents a major obstacle in tumor therapy. Besides targeted resistance to distinct compounds, multiple drug resistance caused by drug efflux pumps also renders tumor therapy ineffective. In this article, we provide an overview on the main mechanisms of drug resistance in tumor therapy as well as concepts to overcome them.
2010 to 2020: Ten Years of Malaria Drug Discovery
Authors: Yeung Bryan K.S. , Calderón Félix
Published: April 2021

The seventh edition of Burger's Medicinal Chemistry, Drug Discovery and Development included an extensive review of antimalarial drugs and drug targets. Since it was published nearly 10 years ago, the annual number of deaths due to malaria in endemic countries have steadily declined. However, over the past two years, a stabilization in number of malaria deaths hints to a reversal of this trend. This may be in part due to parasite evolution to overcome efficacy of antimalarial therapies, including the now well‐established spread of resistance to artemisinin‐combination therapies in Southeast Asia. Fortunately, the last decade also witnessed a renewed effort by academic researchers, product development partnerships, and pharmaceutical companies to restart malaria drug discovery. Innovations in high‐throughput screening, assay development, access to large chemical libraries, advancements in parasite biology, and whole‐genome sequencing have resulted in the discovery of new antimalarial drugs as well as novel targets. These new drug candidates, which kill the parasite through new mechanisms of action have bolstered the malaria drug development pipeline since the last edition. This article summarizes the new drug discovery approaches and achievements over the past decade.
Cognition
Authors: Young Richard
Published: April 2021

Cognition can be defined as neurocognitive processes of how humans learn and remember. As humans age, threats of neurocognitive disturbances are probably the most feared psychiatric problems, but these processes also can be disrupted by biological abnormalities closely connected to other psychiatric problems. The theme of this article is that basic research in areas of cognition and advances in the discovery of novel pharmacotherapy for neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders that affect the elderly are inextricably intertwined. Drug evaluations in animal models should be conducted in, three basic types of learning/memory paradigms (habituation, classical conditioning, and operant conditioning) and should assess the effects of agent on learning, retention, and retrieval. The importance of this strategy involves issues of single or multiple learning processes in the paradigms, whether different types of paradigms give rise to different kinds of memories or whether the same paradigm may produce several fundamentally different types of memories that may or may not be interdependent. Medications currently in use for ameliorating neurocognitive disorders are mostly ineffective. New pharmacotherapy is urgently needed, and a seemingly innumerable collection of drugs has been proposed as the latest “key” to unlock mechanisms of dysfunction in neurocognition. In some cases, new agents have functioned (biochemically) exactly as advertised, but virtually all have proved unacceptable for clinically use. Future therapies for neurocognitive disorders will likely benefit from the recognition that multiple cellular mechanisms and neurotransmitter processes are involved and that administration of combinations of agents that provide “wide‐spectrum” actions may be most useful.