bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
220kV智能变电站继电保护及自动化分析
Authors: 摄 小雪
Published: December 2020

电力资源在人类社会发展过程中发挥着十分重要的作用。在整个电力系统中变电站是重要的组成部分，提升变电站运行的自动化以及智能化程度是现阶段发展电力系统的重要目标，实现电力系统的自动化和智能化能为人们生产生活提供更加稳定的电力资源。为了使电力系统拥有更高的安全性和稳定性，深入分析智能变电站继电保护及自动化是有必要的，能更加充分地发挥智能变电站的功能。论文先介绍智能变电站继电保护定义与220kV智能变电站继电保护基本要求，然后分析220kV智能变电站继电保护自动化。
汽车能耗测试循环工况概况
Authors: 李 红
Published: December 2020

新能源车发展迅速，市场保有量越来越大，消费者对新能源车也越来越认可。消费者在选购新能源车的时候，首要考虑新能源续航，而工况曲线的不同直接影响续航测试。目前，能耗循环曲线有NEDC循环（New European Driving Cycle-新型欧洲驾驶循环）、WLTC（Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Cycle-世界协调测试循环工况）循环，美国循环工况、日本循环工况、CLTC循环工况曲线等。论文旨在概况汽车能耗循环工况，通过浅析各种循环工况特点，希望能为汽车生产企业和相关检测研究人员提供技术参考。
关于世界技能大赛中汽车技术项目的探讨
Authors: 刘 晓明 , 张 颢 , 张 国瑞
Published: December 2020

世界技能大赛是由世界技能组织举办的顶级赛事，称之为“世界技能奥林匹克”，它和职业技能发展水平密切相关。世界技能组织在全球范围内运作，成立于20世纪50年代，注册地为荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。目前为止，有78个国家和地区成员，在第45届世界技能大赛中，中国代表团以16枚金牌、14枚银牌、5枚铜牌，荣登金牌榜、奖牌榜、团体总分第一，这是中国参加世界技能大赛以来的最好成绩。
临时支架在大跨度钢拱桥施工中的应用与研究
Authors: 郭 思军
Published: December 2020

论文结合中国烟台港西港区30万吨级原油码头工程大跨度钢拱桥施工，对大跨度钢拱桥的加工安装进行了研究分析对比，最终决定采用临时支架的工艺，从而实现大跨度钢拱桥的快速组装和海上整体吊装施工，保证了钢拱桥对精度、强度和稳定性的要求，达到了钢拱桥的快速组装成桥和快速安装的目的，提高了施工效率，钢拱桥的加工安装效果良好，达到了预期目的。
矿山机械设计中现代设计方法的合理应用思考
Authors: 郭 翔
Published: December 2020

矿山机械设计和矿产资源开发的安全度密切相关，也直接影响矿山的开采效率和质量。为了全方位地提高矿山机械设计水平，更好地应对生产过程存在的安全状况，在传统设计方法的基础之上，改造老旧设备，结合新时期的设计方法探索出有效的管控方式。在保障安全的前提之下，尽可能地缩减设计成本，提高设计质量。论文分别阐述了传统机械设计方法、现代机械设计方法，最后提出了现代设计方法在矿山机械设计中的具体应用，以期引起大家的思考。
基于国土空间规划的土地利用与城市发展思考
Authors: 董 四亮
Published: December 2020

土地是国家发展的根本，土地的规划与利用不仅关系到城市发展，更关系到国家建设。论文运用调查法、文献法等对国土空间规划框架下的土地利用与城市发展问题进行分析探究，主要针对如何基于国土空间规划做好土地利用与城市发展提几点个人见解，希望能为相关实践工作提供些许理论参考。
铁路季节性路基冻害整治的策略探究
Authors: 苏 圣伟
Published: December 2020

铁路作为大众日常使用的交通工具，确保其安全运行是当下的重要任务。考虑到季节性路基冻害会威胁到铁路安全行驶，为了把冻害对铁路运行造成的影响降至最低，论文围绕铁路季节性路基冻害进行深入探究，介绍铁路季节性路基冻害的特征、冻害发生的位置及成因，进而提出季节性路基冻害的有效处理方式，以提高铁路运行的安全性。
浅析建筑电气工程的智能化技术应用
Authors: 徐 向东
Published: December 2020

随着科学技术的不断提高和自动化、智能化技术的飞速发展，建筑电气工程中智能化的应用越来越广泛。智能化技术能有效提升建筑电气工程的工作效率，实现电气工程的智能控制，对于建筑行业的持续稳定发展有着至关重要的意义。论文针对建筑电气工程智能化技术的具体应用进行探究，希望能为建筑行业提供一定的参考。
浅谈建筑电气安装与土建施工的相互配合
Authors: 方 照 , 刘 子翔
Published: December 2020

在建筑物的电气安装过程中，有必要确保与民用建筑取得良好的协调效果，以保证建设项目的完整性。实际上，可以看出建筑电气工程对土木工程的功能有着直接的影响，而电气设备工程的发展则需要依靠土木工程的整体框架。为了实现相互合作，必须将两者共同推进，可以有效的进一步改善建筑性能，并且为建筑电气安装工程的质量提供可靠的保证。
关于电气工程中电气自动化融合技术应用的相关思考
Authors: 蓝 小武
Published: December 2020

由于电气行业的快速发展，使电气行业的发展主体以电气自动化为主，将电气自动化技术在电气功臣中进行融合应用具有较大的作用，其可以使相关操作流程得到简化，使其生产运输效率大幅度提高。论文对电气工程中电气自动化融合技术应用思考进行详细研究，明确电气自动化技术的重要性，使其能在电气工程中得到有效应用，从而为电气行业的健康发展提供保障。
公路工程绿色施工和评价关键点分析
Authors: 杨 卫东
Published: December 2020

在绿色公路建设的过程中，绿色施工是整个绿色公路建设的重要的环节，对绿色公路的建设效果起决定性作用。然而，中国公路建设行业起步较晚，所以在整个公路行业绿色施工过程中大多都在参考建筑行业执行。论文针对公路工程的特点，提出公路工程绿色施工以及绿色评价过程中关键点，为今后绿色施工的持续发展提供参考依据。
COVID-19 E A PESSOA COM DEFICIÊNCIA ASILADA: A CONSAGRAÇÃO DO ESTADO DE COISAS INCONSTITUCIONAL
Authors: RICCI DANTAS LUCAS EMANUEL , Bernardi Renato
Published: December 2020

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a situação das pessoas com deficiências que se encontram asiladas em instituições no Brasil, bem como a pandemia da COVID-19 afeta a vulnerabilidade dessa população. Busca-se também verificar a possibilidade de um Estado de Coisas Inconstitucional, criação jurisprudencial da Corte Colombiana que foi encampada pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal quando da análise liminar da ADPF 347/15, sob a ótica da vulneração de direitos, para tanto, se utilizará de uma metodologia hipotética com caráter bibliográfico, se utilizando de livros, teses, dissertações e artigos publicados em periódicos.
Metodologia de desdobramento de gestão estratégica em unidade judiciária: um modelo de sucesso?
Authors: Gagliardi Ricardo
Published: December 2020

O objetivo da pesquisa foi o de analisar os fatores que determinaram maior grau de eficácia da gestão, como tendência, na unidade judiciária da Comarca de Colméia, estado do Tocantins. O estudo se realizou por meio da observação, da pesquisa documental, e em revisão de literatura. Concluíram-se quatro fatores preponderantes para o bom resultado como tendência favorável ao longo dos anos. O que diferenciou a unidade pesquisada das demais foi à adoção de um sistema de gestão da governança judiciária, o maior envolvimento da liderança e da equipe de trabalho, e a persistência no modelo de gestão.
O COMITÊ INTERNACIONAL DA CRUZ VERMELHA COMO AGENTE MATERIALIZADOR DO DIREITO INTERNACIONAL HUMANITÁRIO
Authors: Goltzman Elder Maia , Costa Sousa Monica Teresa
Published: December 2020

O Direito Internacional Humanitário (DIH) é compreendido como um ramo do Direito Internacional Público que visa proteger as vítimas de conflitos armados. Esta pesquisa, realizada com base no método analítico-descritivo e baseada em análise bibliográfica, busca investigar qual a relação existente entre o DIH e o Comitê Internacional da Cruz Vermelha (CICV), historicamente vinculado ao DIH. Traçam-se como objetivos a análise do surgimento do Comitê, de seus princípios norteadores e de seu campo de atuação prática. Dentre a bibliografia levantada, priorizam-se as publicações oriundas do próprio CICV por sua relevância e especificidade.
A DESJUDICIALIZAÇÃO COMO FORMA DE PROMOÇÃO DO ACESSO À JUSTIÇA NO BRASIL
Authors: Pereira Camilla Martins Mendes
Published: December 2020

A pesquisa trata da aproximação entre as políticas públicas de desjudicialização e o acesso à justiça. Objetiva-se demonstrar que a ampliação dos instrumentos que propiciem a garantia de direitos é uma etapa importante na democratização do acesso à justiça. Na realização do objetivo proposto nesta pesquisa utilizou-se como método de abordagem o dedutivo, quanto ao método de procedimento aplicado, elegeu-se a pesquisa teórica. Observa-se que a ampliação do acesso à justiça é salutar na concretização dos direitos dos cidadãos, contudo, apesar das alterações já promovidas no sistema brasileiro, ainda se encontram entraves ao acesso à uma ordem jurídica justa.
ACESSO À JUSTIÇA EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA DE COVID19: UMA SOLUÇÃO CONSENSUAL E TECNOLÓGICA PARA OS CONFLITOS TRABALHISTAS
Authors: Casanova Viana Arena Marcela , Machado de Campos Denice , Dos Santos Porto Ana Cristina
Published: December 2020

Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar os métodos adequados de solução de conflitos trabalhistas, aliados à via tecnológica, em tempos de pandemia de Covid19, como forma de acesso à justiça. A contribuição científica da pesquisa consiste na possibilidade de conjugação dos métodos adequados e tecnologia como forma de acesso à justiça, abordando os diferentes formatos para a consensualidade adotados na seara laboral, em consonância com o sistema multiportas de resolução de conflitos. O consensualismo e a pacificação social são a justificativa principal deste estudo. Para tanto, a pesquisa utilizará o método de abordagem dedutivo, aliado à técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental.
LA QUÍMICA COMPUTACIONAL COMO HERRAMIENTA PARA ENTENDER PROCESOS QUÍMICOS Y BIOQUÍMICOS A NIVEL MOLECULAR
Authors: Cuesta H. Sebastián , Meneses O. Lorena
Published: December 2020

Con el avance de la tecnología, la química computacional se ha convertido en pieza clave de las investigaciones científicas. Hoy en día, la química computacional ha logrado obtener métodos y algoritmo capaces de reducir errores en la predicción de propiedades y simulación de eventos químicos, llegando a ser comparables con resultados experimentales. Ser capaces de entender diferentes procesos químicos desde un punto de vista molecular, lo que muchas veces es imposible conseguir mediante la experimentación, hace de la química computacional una herramienta poderosa. Así, procesos como el descubrimiento de nuevos medicamentos, han dejado de depender del factor del azar, para transformarse en procesos más eficientes y racionales, lo que logra reducir el tiempo en un 50 %. En esta revisión, se examinarán algunos ejemplos de cómo la química computacional ha ayudado a tener un mejor entendimiento de procesos químicos, como la sustitución nucleofílica de Vicarius, la interacción de nanopartículas de plata con moléculas orgánicas y el mecanismo de reacción de la biodegradación de la lignina en presencia de la lignina peroxidasa. También se presenta investigaciones sobre el posible mecanismo de acción de fármacos como el paracetamol o de los péptidos antimicrobianos extraídos del exudado de ranas.
DAIRY FARMING IN RUSSIA: CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF DIGITALIZATION
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, MAMEDOVA ROZA A.
Published: December 2020

The Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation has developed the national “Digital Agriculture” platform for digital state management of agriculture within the framework of the government-sponsored “Digital Agriculture” project. To digitalize livestock enterprises, it is necessary to provide conditions at the federal and regional levels, and develop regulatory and technical support for enterprises. A corresponding structural and functional model has been developed to take into account various levels of decision-making, regulatory documents, system products, as well as relevant hardware and software. The project fl owchart and the structure of automated workstations for the chief specialists of the digital dairy farm have been developed. Livestock digitalization through the introduction of the developed technologies in FSAC VIM is expected to reduce the level of import dependence of the industry by 35…40%, improve the quality and quantity of products by 25…30%, maintain the health and productivity of animals by 15…20%, increase productivity in key subsectors of livestock breeding in 1.5…2 times, and reduce production costs by 35…40%.
EFFECT OF TEMPORARY COVERING ON EARLY POTATO YIELD IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE MOSCOW REGION
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, DIYKANOVA MARINA E. , LEVSHIN ALEKSANDR G. , GASPARYAN IRINA N. , DENISKINA NATALIA F. , IVASHOVA OLGA N. , MEKHEDOV MIKHAIL A.
Published: December 2020

In the Moscoww region, frosts are quite probable to return until the fi rst decade of June. To protect potatoes from the returning cold weather, it is possible to use a temporary covering material in the “planting – seedling emergence” period. The authors have studied the use of covering materials on early potato varieties of Udacha, Zhukovsky early, Red Scarlet, Snegir’, and Meteor. Studies have been conducted on the test plot of the Vegetable Growing Department of Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy in 2017-2019. Non-woven white and black material of the same density of 17 g/m2 was used for covering. No covering was used in the check variant. The cultivation technology was standard,it included tillage (plowing, spring tillage, and cutting ridges before planting), as well as plant care (inter-row cultivation and hilling-up). Planting was carried out with a single-row potato planter. The earliest emergence of seedlings was observed under white covering material with a diff erence of 5-6 days in relation to the check variant. In the variant with a black covering material, the diff erence averaged 3-4 days. Due to covering, planting was carried out earlier than expected and the crop was formed by July 15. The interphase period between potato planting and seddling emergence decreased, while that from seddling emergence to harvesting increased, consequently, the yield increased by 11.6…14.7%. The maximum yield was obtained with the Red Scarlet variety using the white covering material, the minimum – in the check variant without covering. The same trend is typical for other varieties. It has been established that covering with any material has a positive eff ect on the duration of the potato growing season and the yield by increasing the period of tuberization. Covering allows getting early potato varieties 2 weeks earlier in the Moscow region.
USING THE PARETO DIAGRAM TO ESTIMATE INTERNAL LOSSES DURING ENGINE REPAIRS
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, TEMASOVA GALINA N. , VERGAZOVA YULIA G. , LEONOV DMITRY O.
Published: December 2020

In the repair industry, when restoring the operability of machinery and equipment by eliminating failures and extending operational life, discrepancies may occur resulting in internal losses detected during the testing phase of repaired machinery, equipment and units. When assessing internal losses from defects in repair production, it is advisable to apply the Pareto chart, which allows clearly detecting the main troubles, and, based on this, identify the causes of discrepancies and develop measures to reduce the risk of their further occurrence. The authors recommend applying two types of the Pareto chart: by the number of defects and by the cost of discrepancy. When applied during testing of repaired KAMAZ 6522 engines to assess internal losses resulting from faults, the Pareto chart identifi ed the need to eliminate the cause of discrepancies in the oil supply mode to the valve rocker arm bearings, leaky nozzle seals in the cylinder heads and improper oil pressure in the lubrication system.
Internal Colonialism and the Wasteland Theme in Ron Rash's Serena
Authors: González Groba Constante
Published: December 2020

Ron Rash’s Serena (2008) is about the clash between northern industrialists who cut timber in southern Appalachia and conservationists who want the area converted into a national park. Set during the Depression, it also addresses our own times of unchecked greed and environmental holocaust. This article relates the situation of internal colonialism, which turns the region into a sacrifice zone, with the theme of the wasteland. The latter is related in the novel not only to T. S. Eliot’s poem but also to other works that Rash acknowledgesas influences, including Moby-Dick, The Great Gatsby and Christopher Marlowe’s tragedies about the will to power. Characterized by what Erich Fromm calls the exploitative orientation, Serena Pemberton wields hard power and embodies the rapaciousness of economy, in contrast to a local female character, who stands for ecology and soft power.
Meditative Revolutions? A Preliminary Approach to US Buddhist Anarchist Literature
Authors: Galvan-Alvarez Enrique
Published: December 2020

This article discusses the various shapes, inner structures and roles given to transformative and liberative practices in the work of US Buddhist anarchist authors (1960-2010). Unlike their Chinese and Japanese predecessors, who focused more on discursive parallelisms between Buddhism and anarchism or on historical instances of antiauthoritarianism within the Buddhist tradition(s), US Buddhist anarchists seem to favour practice and experience. This emphasis, characteristic of the way Buddhism has been introduced to the West,sometimes masks the way meditative techniques were used in traditional Buddhist contexts as oppressive technologies of the self. Whereas the emphasis on the inherently revolutionary nature of Buddhist practice represents a radical departure from the way those practices have been conceptualised throughout Buddhist history, it also involves the danger of considering Buddhist practice as an ahistorical sine qua non for social transformation. This is due to the fact that most early Buddhist anarchist writers based their ideas on a highly idealised, Orientalist imagination of Zen Buddhism(s). However, recent contributions based on other traditions have offered a more nuanced, albeit still developing picture. By assessing a number of instances from different US Buddhist anarchist writers, the article traces the brief history of the idea that meditation is revolutionary praxis, while also deconstructing and complicating it through historical and textual analysis.
Investigatory Records from the Central State Archive of the Kirov Region as a Source for Studying State – Old Believers Relations in the Second Quarter of the 19th Century
Authors:   Vyatka State University, Kirov, Russian Federation, Mashkovtseva Victoria V.
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the investigatory documentation from the fonds of the Central State Archive of the Kirov Region, containing important information on the history of state – Old Believers relations of the second quarter of the 19th century. The choice of sources comes from the fact that at that period, a very hard line was taken with Old Believers, numerous restrictions and prohibitions regulating all aspects of their religious and cultural life. In particular, the law imposed a ban on construction of new religious buildings, as well as on repair of dilapidated chapels; these were denied all external attributes of Orthodox churches. The law did not allow ordination of Old Believers ministers and limited their movement while performing spiritual rites. Finally, the legislation prohibited spreading of Old Faith and “seduction into the Raskol.” In case of violation of these laws and regulations, the Old Believers were subjected to various punishments. The study is based on investigatory documentation which testifies of repressive policies towards Old Believers. These records tell of the Old Believers’ reaction to the confessional policy and characterize the system of punishments. Among punishments used against Old Believers physical punishment (lashing), imprisonment (term of which was determined by the gravity of deed), and exile to the Transcaucasian (which included military service in the army) were prevalent. Most informative of all used sources are reports of bailiffs and uezd police officers, which contain important data on the progress of investigation, as well as property inventories compiled when searching Old Believers dwellings and chapels. On the whole, the studied investigatory records allow to trace the implementation of confessional policy in one region in the specified period of time and to determine its ultimate goal, that is, elimination of Old Believers.
“He Was an Agent of Japanese Intelligence.” Fates of Chinese Migrants in Investigative Files of the Repressed in the 1930s: Archival Materials of the Chelyabinsk Region
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Avdashkin Andrey A.
Published: December 2020

The article draws on documents from the United State Archive of the Chelyabinsk Region to examine biographies of Chinese migrants repressed in 1937-38. Although main location of the Chinese in the Urals in the 1920-1930s was the Middle Urals (Perm and Sverdlovsk), their presence has been traced in the Chelyabinsk region. Comprehensive reconstruction of Chinese migration in the USSR demands introduction of these sources to scientific use. The 1930s archival documents, primarily the investigative files of the repressed, demonstrate socio-demographic features of the Chinese and their most typical biographies in the pre-war USSR. They were mostly of the Soviet era wave of migration, originating from the Shandong province. Some adapted well in society, married Russian women and had children. However, many remained illiterate, engaged in heavy physical labor. Qualitative analysis of personal files shows main trajectories of Chinese migration to the South Urals from the Far East or from large cities (Moscow, Irkutsk, Khabarovsk, etc.), where Chinese communities appeared in the 1920s. State pressure on the Chinese community strengthened in the late 1920s ? early 1930s, forcing them to change their place of residence. Political changes in the USSR made the Chinese abandon their private enterprises and trade, their main niche in the 1920s. In 1937–38, a wave of repression rolled and, according to our estimates, almost half of the Chinese in the Chelyabinsk region were declared “spies and agents of Japanese intelligence.” The biographies of the repressed testify that under favorable conditions they could have contributed to creation of an organized Chinese community, since they had influence over Chinese migrants, as well as experience of organizational work and of participating in the Civil War.
“Tactics of the City Committee Prompt Uezd Communists to Shift Away from Left Social Revolutionaries”: Conflict in the Yaroslavl Gubernia Party Organization of the RCP (B) in the Context of Interaction between the Bolsheviks and the Left Social Revolutionaries in Summer 1918
Authors:   State Archive of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kontsevoy Ilya A.
Published: December 2020

Drawing on archival materials from the State Archive of Russian Federation and the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History, the article studies activities of the Yaroslavl gubernia organization of the RCP (B) and its interactions with the Left Socialist Revolutionaries on various political issues in June–July 1918. During this period, numerous conflicts occurred between representatives of two Soviet parties, which was reflected in the policies of local Bolsheviks, among whom there sprung several groups with different views on cooperation with the Left Socialist Revolutionary party. Studying the conflict in the Yaroslavl party organization and identifying its causes and main participants has its novelty. Archival documents are being introduces into scientific use that shed light on the circumstances of this conflict in the context of socio-political situation of summer 1918. The author examines the attitude of local leaders of the RCP (B) to regional representatives of the Left Socialist Revolutionaries and explores the relationship between the leadership of the Bolshevik Party and the Yaroslavl Bolsheviks on local politics issues. The analysis of archival documents suggests the existence of two opposing points of view on relations between the Bolsheviks and the Left Socialist Revolutionaries in the Yaroslavl party organization of the RCP (B), which caused controversy among Yaroslavl Bolsheviks. A significant role in strengthening of the controversy in the Yaroslavl party organization was played by the military commissar S. M. Nakhimson who succeeded in changing rules for electing delegates to the Congress of Soviets of the Yaroslavl province. The conflict in the Yaroslavl party organization was closely connected with activities of the Left Social Revolutionaries who had great influence in the gubernia. Some Yaroslavl Bolsheviks sought to continue cooperation and opposed strengthening confrontation. However, in early July, Nakhimson’s position prevailed among the members of the Yaroslavl organization of the RCP (B). Having studied the archival documents, the author concludes that it was the irreconcilable position of Nakhimson on Bolsheviks and Left Socialist Revolutionaries cooperation that caused the split of the provincial Congress of Soviets and the crisis of power, which the White Guard used to organize the Yaroslavl insurgency.
The Journey Begins: Letter from Vasily Struve to Mikhail Rostovtzev of 25 May 1914
Authors:   Institute of World History, Russian Academy of Sciences, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Ladynin Ivan A.
Published: December 2020

The article presents a publication of the letter from Vasily Vasilievich Struve (1889–1965), pioneer in the research of the Ancient Near East societies in the Soviet Union, to Mikhail Ivanovich Rostovtzev (1870–1952), the prominent Classicist, one of the first scholars in socio-economic history of the Antiquity in pre-revolutionary Russia. The letter was written during Struve’s post-graduate sabbatical in Berlin in 1914; it is stored in the Russian State Historical Archives in St. Petersburg. The document is significant due to its information on Struve’s stay in Berlin and on his contacts with leading German scholars (including Eduard Meyer and Adolf Erman), but it also touches upon a bigger issue. In the early 1930s Struve forwarded his concept of slave-owning mode of production in the Ancient Near East, which was immediately accepted into official historiography, making him a leading theoretician in the Soviet research of ancient history. It has been repeatedly stated in memoirs and in post-Soviet historiography that this concept and, generally speaking, Struve’s interest in socio-economic issues was opportunistic. His 1910s articles on the Ptolemaic society and state published prior to the Russian revolution weigh heavily against this point of view. The published letter contains Struve’s assessment of his future thesis (state institutions of the New Kingdom of Egypt) and puts its topic in the context of current discussions on the Ptolemaic state and society and of his studies in the Rostovtzev’s seminar at the St. Petersburg University. Struve declares the study of Egyptian social structure and connections between its pre-Hellenistic and Hellenistic phases his life-task, introduced to him by Rostovtzev. Thus, Struve’s early interest in these issues appears to be sincere; it stems from pre-revolutionary trends in the Russian scholarship.
Documents on the History of Maintenance in the Russian Air Force Fleet of 1910–17 in the Fonds of the Russian State Military History Archive
Authors:   Military Training and Research Center of the Air Force of the Professor N. E. Zhukovsky and Yu. A. Gagarin Air Force Academy, Voronezh, Russian Federation, Averchenko Sergey V.
Published: December 2020

The article describes the part of the Russian State Military History Archive (RGVIA) fonds, which contains documents related to the maintenance of aircrafts, engines, aircraft weapons, apparatus, radio stations, and photographic equipment of the Russian Air Force Fleet (VVF) in 1910-17; they testify of the emergence of the maintenance department. As the forming department had no management bodies, its documents deposited in the RGVIA do not form a compact fond, they are found in a large array of fonds, some of which have no relation to aviation. In the modern scholarship on the history of Russian military aviation, there is a lack of the RGVIA reference materials on location of documents on the history of maintenance of the Russian Air Force Fleet. The article is to provide researchers with a detailed tool for searching documents on the history of maintenance in the archival fonds. The author relies on his knowledge of historical development of the Russian Air Force Fleet, his long-term research experience in the RGVIA, and on reference publications on the archive fonds. Having analyzed the RGVIA fonds, he shows what kind of documents on the history of the VVF maintenance can be found there. Features of various fonds and volume of documents on the history of maintenance in them are being described. It has been identified in which fonds the guidelines and instructions for the aircrafts maintenance are stored, as well as reports on technical condition of aircrafts, armament, and equipment in the squadrons, materials on aircraft radio equipment usage, reports on inspection of technical condition of aircrafts in the units, documents on accidents and disasters. The article reviews fonds of various organizations engaged in operation and repair of the aviation equipment, of management bodies of the armed forces, of integrated combined arms force, and of military aviation. The analysis will help the historians of the Russian Air Force to navigate numerous RGVIA fonds and to speed up their search of documents.
The Manuscript of the Buryat Emchi-Lama D. Endonov from the Mongolian Collection of the COMX of the IMBTS, Siberian Branch of the RAN
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation, Vanchikova Tsymzhit P. , Zhabon Yumzhana Zh. ,   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation, Rinchinova Oyuna S. ,   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation, Tsyrenova Nomin D. ,   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation, Dashieva Subadi B. ,   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

The article reviews the handwritten manuscript of a prominent Buryat physician or emchi-lama Dondub Endonov (1870?1937?) stored in the Mongolian collection of the Center of Oriental Manuscripts, and Xylographs of the Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist, and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, that is being introduced into scientific use for the first time. Tibetan medicine penetrated Russia in the 17?18th centuries alongside with Buddhism spreading among the Buryats, Kalmyks, and Tuvinians. Almost until 1930s, the health of these peoples depended entirely on medical activities of monk-healers (emchi-lamas). One of the brightest representatives of the Buryat emchi-lamas was Dondub Endonov (Dondub Endonovich Munkuev according to Soviet naming). His manuscript is titled “Notes of a Tibetan doctor Dondub Munkuev on treatment of various diseases with Tibetan medicinal drugs.” It consists of 49 sheets bound as a codex. The research team has conducted a thorough and detailed source analysis and made a translation of the manuscript, which was written in old Mongolian vertical script with numerous insertions in Tibetan and Buryat languages. It has been discovered that the manuscript was completed by Endonov on February 10, 1935. It is a summary of his personal medical experience. Endonov rigidly followed the structure of the “Tantra of Instructions” of rGyud bzhi and briefly described all diseases mentioned in chapters 1?41, 63?70, 72, and 74, supplementing them with his own remarks and practical observations from his own medical practice and assessing the quality of Tibetan prescriptions. This manuscript has not lost its scholarly and practical value and is of great interest to contemporary researchers, because its author explains some extremely complicated topics of the theory and practice of Tibetan medicine quite accessibly, concisely, and clearly. It is possible to say that Endonov’s manuscript is a reliable source for studying the history of Tibetan medicine in Russia and Buryatia and for integrating his knowledge into the practices of modern traditional medicine practitioners. An annotated translation of the manuscript in Russian is being prepared for publication.
“The Gorky Komsomol – to the children!: Archival documents. Memoirs”: Revisiting the Book Publication in Nizhny Novgorod
Authors:   P. E. Alekseev Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Construction, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation, Gordin Alexey A. , Gordina Elena D. ,   P. E. Alekseev Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Construction, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

The problem of children upbringing is always significant, especially in difficult, critical social situations. In modern times, it seems necessary to reconsider the Soviet experience in systematic solution of this problem: in the period when the Soviet state was emerging after the Civil War, in the days of its further development, in the most difficult period of the Great Patriotic War, in the post-war decades, and in the difficult years of the Perestroika. Documents collection “The Gorky Komsomol – to the children!” includes all types of documents (protocols, background informations, reports, information, memos, documents of personal provenance, photographs, etc.); it is the first publication that comprehensively covers the Komsomol members work with children in the Nizhny Novgorod (Gorky) region. In working on the book, materials of 47 district committees, city committees, and Komsomol committees have been used, 550 sources have been identified. 215 documents and 90 photographs are included in the collection, almost all of which (with exception of 11) are being published for the first time. Previously, the Nizhny Novgorod archivists published two collections: “You and I, Leningrad” (2014) and “Childhood seared by the war” (2015). Thus, the documentary material on important and practically unstudied by the Nizhny Novgorod researchers “children” topic is being introduced into scientific use. The documents in the collection allow us to reconstruct the forms of Komsomol members’ participation in the upbringing children and adolescents. Much attention is paid to the Komsomol patronage over children’s institutions, the Komsomol members’ fight against child neglect, the activities of pedagogical groups, and the organization of children’s leisure. Of particular interest are new photographs from the personal provenance archives and memoirs of the Komsomol activists. This collection, on the one hand, helps to fill the gap in the picture of historical past of the Gorky region, on the other hand, mainstreams the “children” topic and invites historians to turn to its further study.
Leading Oil Industry Experts of Soviet Russia on the Results of “Rationalization” in the 1920s and Its Crucial Factors
Authors:   MIREA - Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bodrova Elena V. , Kalinov Vyacheslav V. ,   I. M. Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the content of the leading experts’ discussions on the outcome of restoration and technical re-equipment of oil industry in the 1920s. The study is based on key principles of historical knowledge: historicism, consistency, and objectivity, which allows the authors to avoid ideological implications when analyzing sources and to determine the backbone of the experts’ disagreement on optimal strategy for oil industry development. So far, the modern historiography hasn’t given a full picture of conceptual approaches to this problem that emerged among leading oil industry workers. The article is to study major assessments of the industry recovery and its proposed strategies and nature of contradiction. It draws on discussion in the Scientific and Technical Council of the Supreme Soviet of the National Economy and on main conclusions set forth in A.P. Serebrovsky’s book and memorandum. It uses documents from the Russian State Archive of Economics and the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History (personal provenance fond of G. K. Ordzhonikidze). The theory of modernization is judged an adequate concept contributing to the elucidation of the topic. The study of archival and other materials allows the authors not only to evaluate colossal efforts made during the “rationalization” in the days of new economic policy, but also to show its significance for national economy development in the context of modernization processes. The studied documents make it possible, for instance, to determine how oil workers’ heated discussions in summarizing and identifying key factors of success arose from the need to form a development strategy for the oil industry and to reorganize its management. Analysis of various points of view shows that leading experts mostly recognized great importance of technical revolution, nationalization, and increasing centralization in the oil industry, which became a significant source for and a component of industrialization
The Neelovs Fond from the State Archive of the Smolensk Region: Russian Public Figures of the 19th Century in the Midst of Rural Everyday Life
Authors:   Smolensk State University, Smolensk, Russian Federation, Gorskaya Natalia I.
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes sources in the family fond “The Neelovs” from the State Archive of the Smolensk Region. The main body of documents relates to the history of the 19th century and has not yet been introduced into scientific use. The Neelovs, nobles of the Gzhatsk uezd, who were included in the first part of the genealogical book of the nobles of the Smolensk gubernia, participated in major events of the 19th century on national and regional level. The article is to describe the content of the fond and to assess the information potential of its sources for studying the history of a noble provincial family in the context of Russian history. It establishes that the documents differ in their origin and significance. Recordkeeping documents and those of personal provenance are numerous and informative. Among recordkeeping documents of particular interest are documents of economic nature and the Neelov brothers’ records of service; among sources of personal provenance of most interest are travel notes and epistolary heritage of the family members. There are numerous documents reflecting the Neelov brothers’ life and career, many of which concern well-known Russian professor of the Military Academy and writer N. D. Neelov and the director of the department of agriculture of the Ministry of State Property and Senator D.D. Neelov. The author concludes that the identified sources allow to recreate the history of a rural noble family before and after the abolition of seldom, to study its economic situation, culture, everyday life, and evolution of the social role of nobility in provincial life. The fond content also clarifies socio-economic processes in the midst of peasantry, history and repercussions of the major events of the 19th century: the war of 1812, the Polish uprising of 1831, preparation of the abolition of seldom, activities of the Zemstvo institutions; it helps to connect the history of the family and the history of the country.
ROLE OF REFERRAL MARKETING IN HIGHER EDUCATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PRIVATE SECTOR
Authors: Gupta Pallavi
Published: December 2020

Referral marketing is being increasingly used in marketing of services, like education, finance & other hospitality services. As more and more private universities have come into existence. So all are trying to woo students to pursue variety of technical and non-technical courses offered by them, & referral marketing may be an Innovative tool in their marketing efforts.

Referral marketing is using People as the new media for reaching prospective customers. In the context of Higher education in general the competition in private sector between institutions, is intensifying. In Education, students are seen as the customers. Some authors view the corporate as the customers of institutions and students as products. Education being a service and is people based, referral marketing is suitable & Offering incentives to encourage referral behavior is being practiced.

This study basically focuses on revealing how colleges and institutions are using promotional tools to position their distinctiveness and what is the importance of Referral marketing in it. This study aims at to gauge the effectiveness of WOM. Ultimately how does incentive influence the referral behavior?.
Ordu İli Yaprak Lahana Ekim Alanlarından İzole Edilen Rhizoctonia Grubu Fungusların Anastomozis Gruplarının, Karakteristik Özelliklerinin ve Patojenisitelerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: BENLİ Halil İbrahim , TÜRKKAN Muharrem
Published: December 2020

2017-2018 vejetasyon döneminde Ordu ilinin on bir ilçesi (Akkuş, Altınordu, Aybastı, Çatalpınar, Çaybaşı, Fatsa, Perşembe, Gölköy, Gülyalı, Gürgentepe ve Ulubey)’nden hastalıklı yaprak lahana bitkileri ve onların rizosfer toprağından toplam elli dört Rhizoctonia spp. izolatı elde edilmiştir. Rhizoctonia spp. izolatlarının kültürel özellikleri, anastomozis grupları ve patojenisiteleri incelenmiştir. Bu izolatların %62.96’sının binükleik (BN) Rhizoctonia spp. (AG-A, AG-E, AG-F, AG-K ve AG-O) ve %37.34’ünün multinükleik (MN) Rhizoctonia solani (AG 1, AG 2-1, AG 4 ve AG 5) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sörvey yapılan tüm arazilerde en yaygın grup, 22 izolat ile BN Rhizoctonia spp. AG-A olarak belirlenmiştir. Geri kalan 32 izolatın 10’u R. solani AG 4, 6’sı BN Rhizoctonia spp. AG-K, 4’ü R. solani AG 2-1, dördü BN Rhizoctonia spp. AG-F, 3’ü R. solani AG 5, 1’er tanesi R. solani AG 1, BN Rhizoctonia AG-E ve AG-O’ya ait olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tüm izolatların %53.70’i kullanılarak yaprak lahana fideleri üzerinde yürütülen patojenisite testlerinde, genel olarak BN ve MN Rhizoctonia spp. izolatları arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli virülens farklılıkları olduğu tespit edilmiştir (P
Siyah üzüm çekirdeği tozunun yoğurtların bazı fizikokimyasal, mikrobiyolojik ve duyusal özellikleri üzerine etkisi
Authors: KALYAS Alperen , ÜRKEK Bayram
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada, farklı oranlarda (0, %0.5 ve %1) siyah üzüm çekirdeği tozu (ÜÇT) ilave edilen yoğurtların bazı kalite özellikleri incelenmiştir. pH değerleri depolama süresine bağlı olarak düşerken, asitlik değerleri ÜÇT ilavesiyle yükseldi. Tüm örneklerin serum ayrılması değerleri depolamanın sonunda düşmüştür. %1 ÜÇT içeren örnek en yüksek viskozite (50 ve 100 rpm) ve kıvam katsayısı değerlerine sahipti. L*, b* C* ve beyaz indeksi değerleri ÜÇT ilavesiyle düşmüş, sadece a* değerleri yükselmiştir. %0.5 ve %1 ÜÇT içeren yoğurt örnekleri tüm duyusal özellikler bakımından kontrol örneğinden daha düşük puanlara sahipti. Sonuç olarak, ÜÇT doğal bir renklendirici kaynağı olarak, yoğurtların reolojik değerlerini ve viskozitesini düzeltmek için kullanılabilir. ÜÇT yoğurtlarda daha düşük konsantrasyonlarda denenmeli. Çünkü yoğurt örneklerinin duyusal özellikleri ÜÇT ilavesinde olumsuz etkilenmiştir.
Siyah, yeşil ve beyaz çayların kalite kriterleri, mineral içerikleri, antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal aktivite yönünden karşılaştırılması
Authors: AKBULUT Atilla , KARA Şevket Metin , ÖZCAN Aysel
Published: December 2020

Camellia sinensis bitkisinden elde edilen siyah, yeşil ve beyaz çaylar güçlü antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal özellikleri olan biyoaktif bileşikler içermektedirler. Bu çalışma, mayıs, temmuz ve eylül sürgün dönemlerinde hasat edilen çay yapraklarından hazırlanan siyah, beyaz ve yeşil çayların kalite kriterleri, mineral element ve toplam fenol içerikleri ile antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri yönünden karşılaştırılması amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çay ekstraktlarında toplam fenol içeriğinin belirlenmesinde Folin–Ciocalteu metodu, mineral elementlerin tayininde atomik absorpsiyon spektrometresi ve kalite kriterlerinin belirlenmesinde HPLC cihazı kullanılmıştır. Çay örneklerinin antioksidan kapasiteleri DPPH serbest radikal süpürme yöntemi ile belirlenmiş, antimikrobiyal aktivite testlerinde disk difüzyon yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Beyaz çayın P, K, Mg, Cu ve Zn içeriği ve yeşil çayın Ca ve Fe içeriği diğer çaylardan daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Siyah çayın kafein içeriği beyaz ve yeşil çaya göre daha yüksek olmasına karşılık, beyaz ve yeşil çayların kateşin bileşikleri içeriği siyah çaya oranla oldukça yüksektir. Beyaz ve yeşil çaylar siyah çaya göre daha yüksek toplam fenol içeriğine sahiptirler ve antioksidan aktiviteleri siyah çaya oranla daha yüksektir. Antimikrobiyal aktivite yönünden birinci sırada beyaz çay yer almış, bunu yeşil ve siyah çaylar izlemiştir. Bu çalışma, beyaz ve yeşil çayların kateşin bileşikleri ve toplam fenol içeriğinin ve bunlara bağlı olarak antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal etkinliğinin siyah çaya oranla daha yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu sonuçlara göre, beyaz ve yeşil çayların siyah çaya oranla daha fazla tüketilmesinin insan sağlığı açısından daha faydalı olacağı ileri sürülebilir.
Muş İli Merkez İlçesi Sığırcılık İşletmelerinde İneklerin ve Buzağıların Beslenmesi Açısından Mevcut Durum ve Çözüm Önerileri
Authors: KURT Özer , ŞAHİN Onur , ÇOBAN Önder Bayram
Published: December 2020

Bu araştırma, Muş İli Merkez ilçedeki sığırcılık işletmelerinde ineklerin ve buzağıların beslemesi açısından mevcut durumlarının belirlenmesi ve çözüm önerilerinin ortaya konulması amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırma materyalini, 2019 yılında Muş ili merkez ilçeye bağlı 28 köyde 138 adet sığırcılık işletmesi oluşturmuştur. Araştırmaya konu olan köyler Hızlı Kırsal Değerleme yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Çiftlik sahipleri ile yem temini, yemin depolanması, ineklerin beslenmesi, buzağıların bakım ve beslenmeleri, ağız sütü miktarı, sütle besleme süresi, buzağı emzirme yöntemi konularında karşılıklı anket çalışması yapılmıştır. İşletmelerde buzağı beslemede, doğal emzirme ve biberonla emzirme olmak üzere iki yöntemin kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Doğal emzirme ve biberonla emzirme yöntemlerini kullanan işletmelerin oranları sırasıyla; % 84.1 ve % 15.9 hesaplanmıştır Biberon yöntemini kullanan 22 işletmede buzağıya ilk 24 saat içerisinde ve toplamda verilen kolostrum (ağız sütü) miktarları sırasıyla; 1.32±0.10 litre ve 4.14±0.18 litre olarak hesaplanmıştır. Normal sütle besleme döneminde buzağıya içirilen ortalama günlük süt miktarı ve ortalama sütle besleme süresi ortalamaları sırasıyla; 5.41±0.28 litre ve 18.75±0.42 hafta olarak belirlenmiştir. İhtiyaç duyulan kaba yem temini açısından yapılan değerlendirmede, çiftliklerin % 25.4'ü kendisinin ürettiği, % 23.9'u çiftlik dışından satın aldığı ve % 50.7'si ise, her iki yöntemi kullandığı tespit edilmiştir. Ele alınan işletmelerin %98.6’sı yonca ve çayır otunu patoz makinesinden geçirerek saman şeklinde işletmede dışarıda depoladıkları belirlenmiştir. Fabrika karma yemi kullanan işletmelerin oranı %67.4 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu çiftliklerde karma yemle besleme yalnızca süt yemi olarak ineklere buzağılamayı izleyen bir aylık dönemde yapılmaktadır. İnek başına yedirilen ortalama süt yemi miktarı 3.38±0.17 kg olarak hesaplanmıştır.
Biochar Uygulamalarının Ekmeklik Buğdayın Kadmiyum (Cd) Alımına Etkisi
Authors: ACİR Yasemin , ERDEM Halil
Published: December 2020

Günümüzde çevresel felaketlerin başında yer alan küresel ısınma ve son zamanlarda adından çokça bahsedilen ağır metal kirliliği, insanoğlunun yaşam standartlarını sınırlandırmaktadır. Ağır metallerden kadmiyum, topraklarda yüksek konsantrasyonlarda bulunduğunda hem bitkilere hem de bu bitkilerle beslenen canlılara zarar vermektedir. Bu tez çalışmasının amacı, yüksek Cd konsantrasyonuna sahip topraklarda organik madde miktarını artırarak Cd hareketliliğini ve bitkiye Cd taşınmasını azaltmaktır. Organik materyal olarak, özellikle son zamanlarda küresel ısınmanın etkisini azaltabilmek için organik materyalin piroliz edilmesi ile elde edilen biochar seçilmiştir. Bu tez çalışmasında, biochar materyali olarak mahlep çekirdeği kullanılmış ve biochar materyali biyokütlenin yavaş piroliz işlemi ile elde edilmiştir. Deneme sera koşullarında yürütülmüş ve Ceyhan-99 ekmeklik buğday çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Denemede 5 farklı kadmiyum dozu (0, 2.5, 5, 10 ve 20 mg kg-1) ve 6 farklı biochar dozu (%0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 ve 4) uygulanmıştır. Hasat edilen bitkilerin yeşil aksam kuru madde verimi ile Cd, N, P, K, Zn ve Fe konsantrasyonları belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre toprağa artan düzeyde biochar ve Cd uygulanması ile kuru madde verimi kontrol uygulamalarına göre istatistiksel olarak azalmıştır. Elde edilen başka önemli bir sonuç ise, Cd 10 ve Cd 20 mg kg-1 dozunda %4 oranında uygulanan biochar materyalinin Cd’un bitkideki konsantrasyonunu kontrol uygulamasına göre sırasıyla % 40,49 ve % 35,76 oranında azaltmasıdır. Çalışmada elde edilen veriler Cd ile kirlenmiş topraklara biochar uygulanması ile bitkilerin Cd alımının azaltılabileceğini göstermiştir.
100 anos de presença agostiniana no Brasil
Authors: Pinheiro Luiz Antônio
Published: December 2020

O artigo aborda o período inicial dos 100 Anos da história dos Agostinianos no Brasil (1899-1926). Trata-se de uma segunda presença, uma vez que houve uma pequena fundação na Bahia (1693-1824), além de outras presenças esporádicas na época colonial. Após dar uma visão sobre o monacato agostiniano, a fundação e expansão da Ordem Agostiniana, o autor se detém a analisar o contexto no qual tanto os Agostinianos Recoletos como os Agostinianos Eremitas iniciaram suas atividades no Brasil, destacando suas primeiras fundações em várias frentes missionárias.