bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Schema Therapy Techniques in Mental Health and Quality of Life of Women With Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Authors:   MA in Public Psychology, Department of General Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Tehran West Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Mohtadijafari Sara , Ashayeri Hassan ,   Professer in Basic Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Banisi Parinaz ,   PhD. in Psychology, Department of General Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Tehran West Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: December 2019

Objectives The present research investigated the effect of schema therapy techniques on the mental health and quality of life in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Methods This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pre-test, post-test design. Moreover, 36 women were randomly assigned into two groups and received ten training sessions. Research instruments were Mental Health and Quality of Life (to measure the effectiveness of training) Questionnaires. Results There was a significant difference between the two groups in the mental health scores in the components of depression, social function disorder, and anxiety. Moreover, regarding the quality of life test scores, there were significant differences in mental health and physical health components between the study groups. In the follow-up phase, the same results in mental health and quality of life also affected the health environment. Conclusion The training of this method can affect the intended components.
Determining the Discriminant Validity of Family Cohesion and Flexibility Subscales and a Cutoff Score to Separate the Healthy and Clinical Groups
Authors:   Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Habibi Mojtaba ,   Department of Health Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Psychiatric Institute), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mazaheri Ali ,   epartment of Clinincal Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran., Ashouri Ahmad ,   Department of Clinincal Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Psychiatric Institute), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Sayed Alitabar Sayed Hadi ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
Published: December 2019

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the discriminant validity of family adaptability and cohesion evaluation subscales. We investigated families referring to counseling, family courts, substance dependence treatment centers, and healthy and clinically defined cutoff scores for the breakdown of healthy Iranian families.  Methods This scale was validated by four psychologists and translated by a professional English translator. After conducting a pilot study on 30 subjects, the necessary corrections were made to the scale. Families from 7 provinces (N=1652 subjects, parents= 558, mothers= 576, mothers and children=518) responded to the scale. For data analysis, univariate Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and multivariate operating characteristic curves were used.  Results The obtained results suggested that family mean normal score in all groups, clinical counseling, substance dependence, and family courts subscales suggested significant differences in terms of adverse life events, family interactions, family satisfaction, integrity, balance, flexibility, intertwined, torn, confused, and frustrated that there is flexibility (P<0/05).  Conclusion The operating characteristic curve analysis to determine cutoff scores revealed the cutoff scores of family adaptability and cohesion evaluation subscales between normal and clinical diagnosis established optimum. Psychometric properties of the Persian version of family adaptability and cohesion evaluation is applicable for psychological research and clinical diagnosis.
The book in review: The Ants of Central and North Europe
Authors: Kari Vepsäläinen
Published: December 2019

Bernhard Seifert 2018: The Ants of Central and North Europe. Hardcover, 408 pp. ISBN 978-3-936412-07-9. Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer, Germany; info@lutra-verlag.de, postal address: Foerstgener Str. 9, D-02943 Boxberg, GER. Price 63 EUR, excluding shipping.
Study of the Effect of Carob (Ceratoniasiliqua L.) Extract Activity as Antibiotic from UTI
Authors: Fadhil Abdul-Husin Iman
Published: December 2019

Escherichia coli  bacterial cells have been collected and selected from(30) patients (most found strain) in urine samples 25 (83.3 %) suffering from infection of urinary tract laid down in Hashimiyaha teaching hospital, Babylon during a period from Novembertwo thousand sixty to February two thousand seventy.

The isolated strain  diagnosis is confirmed withVitek2 system apparatus which performed to identify species level ofEscherichia coli  isolates.To evaluate the antimicrobialaction of the ethanol extract of  Carob (CeratoniasiliquaL.) podsonlyas well as in mixture with certain drugs (64µg /ml ampicillin, 32µg /ml gentamicin, 128µg /ml amikacin,8µg /ml clindamycin.) as the wide usageantibiotics in the treatment of UTI bacterial infectionswhich has led to the emergence and spread of resistant strains. Many studies showed that the efficacy of antimicrobials can be improved by combining them with crude plant extracts. The antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract of pods of Carob(CeratoniasiliquaL.)alone as well as in mixture with some  standard antimicrobials has been evaluated using well diffusion methodwhich demonstrates an in-vitro antibacterial activity of the tested extracts against E. Coli bacteria.  A combination of the tested extracts( concentration 100%,50%) with antibacterial has increased that activity of the tested antimicrobials.The results revealed the importance of  Carob plant extracts when associated with antibiotics to regulatorresistance E. Coli bacteria that developed as adanger to human health
The Effect of Thermodynemic Parameter son the Rlationship Between Exchangeable Sodium Percentage and Sodium Adsorption Ratioin Saline Soilof Iraq Central
Authors: Abdul Kadium Safa Mahdi
Published: December 2019

The study was conducted to determine the relationship between the exchangeable sodium percentage ESP and sodium adsorption ratio SAR in the soil solution. Some saline affected soils were selected at the locations Yosifya, Muwayliha, Imam, Eychreesh, Mahaweel, Ejbalah, Abe-Ghragg, Kifil, Elseneya and Eldagharaah. Using thermodynamic criteria to recalculate throught description quantitative concepts rather than analytical.The results indicate that the values ​​of SAR range from 0.96 - 26.80 (cmol Kg-¹)º·5 of the studied sites and this ratio increased when taking into account free ions 3.52 - 32.7 (cmol Kg-¹)º·5. The ESP Calculated laboratory was (2.0 - 9.0 %) and all of these were less than ESP % according to laboratory salinity accounts, and generally show increase in the values ​​of the proportion of ESP with increased SAR according to the approved indicators. The probability of these soils turning into sodic is unlikely to decrease pH and HCO3-¹ values ​​and increase concentrations of calcium and magnesium ions.

The statistical results indicated that in order to predict soil ESP based on soil SAR the linear regression model for predicting soil ESP from SAR. ESP=1.95+1.05SAR with R²=0.92 can be recommended.
Effect of Substitution of Urea With Different Type and Levels of Ruminant Manure on Nutritive Value of Rice Straw Silage
Authors: Ameen Saeed Ali , Intisar Abid Saja
Published: December 2019

This study was conducted in Nutrition Lab. to investigate the effect of the type and level of substitution of urea with ruminant manure, M (sheep, cow and buffalo) on basis of nitrogen (N) content on the nutritive value of rice straw silage (RSS). Accordingly silages were nominated as, S-RSS, C-RSS and B-RSS. Urea (U) was substituted with dried manure at 6 combinations, 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50 of U:M. Silage samples were prepared by treating chopped straw with pre-treated solution contained 10% low quality debis and 2% urea. Results showed that lower (P˂0.01) DM loss (11.4%) was observed in S-RSS, and with addition of urea only (3.6%).

       Samples of S-RSS and C-RSS recorded higher (P˂0.01) Fleig points (Fp) as compared with those prepared by the addition of B-RSS, 60.42, 55.58 and 49.59 respectively. Reduction (P˂0.01) in this parameter was noticed in samples prepared with a combination of 100:0. Aerobic stability (AS) was a reduced (P˂0.01) in samples prepared by addition of S-RSS by 15 and 13 hours in comparison with samples of C-RSS and B-RSS respectively. Samples prepared with combination of 100:0 were prior (P˂0.01) as compared with other samples.

       Results also showed an increase (P˂0.01) in in vitro digestibility of organic matter (IVOMD) in samples of S-RSS in comparison with samples prepared by addition of C-RSS and B-RSS, 49.99, 44.59 and 42.77% respectively. Samples prepared with combination of 100:0 recorded lower (P˂0.05) in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDMD) as compared with combinations of 70:30 and 60:40 of U: M, 40.52, 45.36 and 45.94% respectively.
The Indiscriminate Use of an Emergency Contraceptive Pill in the Light of the Integrated Literature Review
Authors: Boas Dias Bruno Vilas , Andrade da Silva Jaciara , Virgens da Cruz Luciene das , de Souza Antognetti Samanta
Published: December 2019

Objective: To identify through literature what has caused the indiscriminate use of emergency contraceptives.
Method: Bibliographic study of articles published from 2013 to 2019, found in the databases; Bdenf, Lilacs and SciELO, with inclusion and exclusion criteria when 16 articles were selected.
Results: The main factors pointed out by the study as a cause for the use of abortion pills were low education, disadvantaged family income with a minimum wage level equal to or less than three minimum wages and the untruthfulness of information acquired in basic health units.
Conclusion: It highlights the need to terminate an unwanted pregnancy leading women to misuse of pills that can lead to miscarriage or cause greater harm to womens health who in addition to the pills also seek alternative services such as clandestine clinics to perform abortion and increasing the risk of death due to complications of the procedure.
Moderate Drip Irrigation Level with Low Mepiquat Chloride Application Increases Cotton Lint Yield by Improving Leaf Photosynthetic Rate and Reproductive Organ Biomass Accumulation in Arid Region
Authors: Gao Hongyun , Ma Hui , Khan Aziz , Xia Jun , Hao Xianzhe , Wang Fangyong , Luo Honghai
Published: December 2019

Due to the changing climate, frequent episodes of drought have threatened cotton lint yield by offsetting their physiological and biochemical functioning. An efficient use of irrigation water can help to produce more crops per drop in cotton production systems. We assume that an optimal drip irrigation with low mepiquat chloride application could increase water productivity (WP) and maintain lint yields by enhancing leaf functional characteristics. A 2-year field experiment determines the response of irrigation regimes (600 (W1), 540 (W2), 480 (W3), 420 (W4) 360 (W5) m3 ha−1) on cotton growth, photosynthesis, fiber quality, biomass accumulation and yield. Mepiquat chloride was sprayed in different concentration at various growth phases (see material section). Result showed that W1 increased leaf area index (LAI) by 5.3–36.0%, net photosynthetic rate (Pn) by 3.4–23.2%, chlorophyll content (Chl) by 1.3–12.0% than other treatments. Improvements in these attributes led to higher lint yield. However, no differences were observed between W1 and W2 in terms of lint and seed cotton yield, but W2 increased WP by 3.7% in both years. Compared with other counterparts, W2 had the largest LAI (4.3–32.1%) at the full boll stage and prolonged reproductive organ biomass (ROB) accumulation by 30–35 d during the fast accumulation period (FAP). LAI, the average (VT) and maximum (VM) biomass accumulation rates of ROB were positively correlated with lint yield. In conclusion, the drip irrigation level of 540–600 m3 ha−1 with reduced MC application is a good strategy to achieve higher WP and lint yield by improving leaf photosynthetic traits and more reproductive organ biomass accumulation.
Effect of Supplementing Hydrolysable Tannins to a Grower–Finisher Diet Containing Divergent PUFA Levels on Growth Performance, Boar Taint Levels in Back Fat and Intestinal Microbiota of Entire Males
Authors: Tretola Marco , Maghin Federica , Silacci Paolo , Ampuero Silvia , Bee Giuseppe
Published: December 2019

A retrospective data analysis suggested that the levels of boar taint compounds depend on the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) level of the adipose tissue (AT) being significantly greater in the unsaturated AT. In addition, we recently reported that hydrolysable tannins (HTs) offered to entire males (EMs) reduce skatole and, to a greater extent, indole levels in the AT. Thus, the objective of the study was to determine the impact of HTs and a high dietary level of PUFA on growth performance and board taint compounds in EMs. In addition, the interaction between PUFA and HTs on gut microbiota and its link to intestinal skatole and indole production was investigated. At 25 kg BW, 44 EM originating from 11 litters were randomly assigned within litter to four dietary treatments. Two basal grower (25–60 kg BW) and finisher (60–105 kg BW) diets containing either 2% soy oil (H = high PUFA level) or 2% tallow (L = low PUFA level) were formulated. The H and L diets were either supplemented (H+/L+) or not (H−/L−) with 3% chestnut extract containing 50% HTs. The pigs had ad libitum access to the diets and were slaughtered at 170 days of age. The microbiota composition was investigated through the 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained by next-generation sequencing (Illumia MiSeq platform, San Diego, CA, USA) and analyzed with a specific packages in R, version 3.5.0. Regardless of the PUFA content, the EMs fed the H+ diets were 2% (p < 0.01) less feed efficient overall. This was due to the slower (p = 0.01) growth in the finisher period despite similar feed intake. Carcass characteristics were not affected by the diets. Regardless of HT feeding, the PUFA level in the AT of the H pigs was 10% greater (p = 0.05) than in the L pigs. The indole level tended (p = 0.08) to be 50% lower in the H+ group. Surprisingly, the pigs that were fed diet H− had greater skatole levels than those fed diet L−, with intermediate skatole levels in the H+ and L+. Independent of the PUFA level, the HTs decreased bacteria abundance and qualitatively affected the microbiota composition. In conclusion, these data do not confirm that boar taint compound levels were related to PUFA levels in the AT. However, HTs can be considered to be a promising alternative to conventional antibacterial additives, with no detrimental effects on pig gut health and with appealing properties for reducing the synthesis of the main components of boar taint.
Numerical Simulation of the Tip Leakage Vortex Characteristics in a Semi-Open Centrifugal Pump
Authors: Wang Like , Lu Jinling , Liao Weili , Zhao Yaping , Wang Wei
Published: December 2019

Tip leakage vortex has an important influence on the performance of semi-open centrifugal pumps. Simulations based on the three-dimensional Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes were conducted to study the structural characteristics of tip leakage vortex and its effects on the internal flow field, and the Shear Stress Transport k-ω turbulence model was used to simulate the whole flow passage of centrifugal pumps with tip clearances of 0 mm and 1 mm. Then, the tip leakage vortex was analyzed using the relative vorticity transport equation. The numerical data and experimental results agreed well. The leakage vortex formed in the tip clearance led to 18.7% and 14.4% decrease in head and efficiency under design condition, respectively, and the bigger the flow rate, the fast the performance decreased. Tip leakage vortex formed at the leading edge of the blade moved along the suction surface. Whereas the tip leakage vortex formed near the middle of the blade extended to the pressure surface of the adjacent blade. This phenomenon deteriorated the flow field and induced passage vortex, thereby reducing the static pressure and blade load and changing the static pressure distribution law. The formation and development of leakage vortex could be attributed to the relative vortex stretching the term. The Coriolis force term could reflect the change of vorticity caused by leakage flow, and the viscous diffusion term served as the vorticity source.
A High Peak Power and High Beam Quality Sub-Nanosecond Nd:YVO4 Laser System at 1 kHz Repetition Rate without SRS Process
Authors: Huang Yutao , Zhang Hongbo , Yan Xiaochao , Kang Zhijun , Lian Fuqiang , Fan Zhongwei
Published: December 2019

We present a compact sub-nanosecond diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4 laser system running at 1 kHz. A maximum output energy of 65.4 mJ without significant stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) process was obtained with a pulse duration of 600 ps, corresponding to a pulse peak power of 109 MW. Laser pulses from this system had good beam quality, where M2 < 1.6, and the excellent signal to noise ratio was more than 42 dB. By frequency doubling with an LBO crystal, 532 nm green light with an average power of 40.5 W and a power stability of 0.28% was achieved. The diode-end-pumped pump power limitation on a high peak power amplifier caused by the SRS process and thermal fracture in bulk Nd:YVO4 crystal is also analyzed.
Diesel Spray Macroscopic Parameter Estimation Using a Synthetic Shapes Database
Authors: Bottega Andrea , Dongiovanni Claudio
Published: December 2019

The paper presents a method for the macroscopic characterization of diesel sprays starting from digital images. Macroscopic spray characterization mainly consists in the definition of two parameters, namely penetration and cone angle. The latter can be evaluated according to many possible definitions, all based on the spray contour that is obtained by means of image thresholding. Therefore, the obtained cone angle value depends on the adopted angle definition and on the used thresholding algorithm. In order to avoid this double dependence, an alternative method has hence been proposed. The algorithm does not require the image thresholding and has an intrinsic cone angle definition. The algorithm takes advantage of principal component analysis technique and allows for a direct estimation of spray penetration and cone angle by comparing the original image with a database made of artificial spray images. In the present work, images coming from two different experiments are analyzed with the proposed method and results are compared with those obtained with a traditional procedure based on the Otsu’s image thresholding and four cone angle definitions.
April Vegetation Dynamics and Forest–Climate Interactions in Central Appalachia
Authors: Shull Nathan , Lee Eungul
Published: December 2019

The study of land–atmosphere (L–A) interactions is an emerging field in which the effects of the land on the atmosphere are strongly considered. Though this coupled approach is becoming more popular in atmospheric research, L–A interactions are not fully understood, especially in temperate regions. This study provides the first in-depth investigation of L–A interactions and their impacts on near-surface climate conditions in the Appalachian region of the Eastern United States. By way of statistical analysis, we explore vegetation dynamics, L–A interactions, and the consequences for near-surface climate, along with the competing effects of the albedo (energy) and moisture (evapotranspiration and soil moisture) feedback. Based on the results from linear regression, composite, and correlation analyses, we conclude that: (1) a statistically significant increasing trend in April vegetation exists from 1982 to 2015 in central Appalachia; (2) there was empirical evidence that this increasing vegetation trend was significant and altered near-surface climatic conditions, as indicated by significantly enhanced latent heat flux, 2 m-specific humidity, and soil moisture; and (3) the dominant biogeophysical process responsible for the changes in near-surface climate conditions could be the positive moisture feedback process.
Designs of Experiments for Beginners—A Quick Start Guide for Application to Electrode Formulation
Authors: Rynne Olivier , Dubarry Matthieu , Molson Corentin , Lepage David , Prébé Arnaud , Aymé-Perrot David , Rochefort Dominic , Dollé Mickael
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we will describe in detail the setting up of a Design of Experiments (DoE) applied to the formulation of electrodes for Li-ion batteries. We will show that, with software guidance, Designs of Experiments are simple yet extremely useful statistical tools to set up and embrace. An Optimal Combined Design was used to identify influential factors and pinpoint the optimal formulation, according to the projected use. Our methodology follows an eight-step workflow adapted from the literature. Once the study objectives are clearly identified, it is necessary to consider the time, cost, and complexity of an experiment before choosing the responses that best describe the system, as well as the factors to vary. By strategically selecting the mixtures to be characterized, it is possible to minimize the number of experiments, and obtain a statistically relevant empirical equation which links responses and design factors.
ClpG Provides Increased Heat Resistance by Acting as Superior Disaggregase
Authors: Katikaridis Panagiotis , Meins Lena , Kamal Shady Mansour , Römling Ute , Mogk Axel
Published: December 2019

Elevation of temperature within and above the physiological limit causes the unfolding and aggregation of cellular proteins, which can ultimately lead to cell death. Bacteria are therefore equipped with Hsp100 disaggregation machines that revert the aggregation process and reactivate proteins otherwise lost by aggregation. In Gram-negative bacteria, two disaggregation systems have been described: the widespread ClpB disaggregase, which requires cooperation with an Hsp70 chaperone, and the standalone ClpG disaggregase. ClpG co-exists with ClpB in selected bacteria and provides superior heat resistance. Here, we compared the activities of both disaggregases towards diverse model substrates aggregated in vitro and in vivo at different temperatures. We show that ClpG exhibits robust activity towards all disordered aggregates, whereas ClpB acts poorly on the protein aggregates formed at very high temperatures. Extreme temperatures are expected not only to cause extended protein unfolding, but also to result in an accelerated formation of protein aggregates with potentially altered chemical and physical parameters, including increased stability. We show that ClpG exerts higher threading forces as compared to ClpB, likely enabling ClpG to process “tight” aggregates formed during severe heat stress. This defines ClpG as a more powerful disaggregase and mechanistically explains how ClpG provides increased heat resistance.
Intolerance of Uncertainty and Mindfulness as Determinants of Anxiety and Depression in Female Students
Authors: Nekić Marina , Mamić Severina
Published: December 2019

Bearing in mind the characteristics of an academic setting, as well as the developmental tasks young people inevitably face, there is a need to identify and study the factors that play an important role in the development and maintenance of psychological distress among college students. One factor that has emerged as crucial for the development of both anxiety and depression is the intolerance of uncertainty. On the other hand, there appears to be mounting evidence that mindfulness is an important factor that can be beneficial for the psychological health of college students. Taking this into consideration, the purpose of the current study was to determine the contribution of the intolerance of uncertainty and mindfulness in explaining the symptoms of depression and anxiety in a sample of female college students (n = 282) whose average age was 21. The results indicated that students had moderate levels of anxiety and depression. Additionally, they were, on average, intolerant of uncertainty and mindfulness. Two hierarchical regression analyses revealed that the intolerance of uncertainty and mindfulness significantly predict both anxiety and depression in female students, and that mindfulness partially mediates the relationship between the intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety/depression. The results are discussed in the light of previous studies, and its clinical implications.
Interstellar Carbon Dust
Authors: Dartois Emmanuel
Published: December 2019

In the ranking of cosmic abundance of the elements, carbon is the second element, after oxygen, able to form multiple bonds propagating the formation of a network, thus playing an essential role in the formation of nanometer- to micrometer-sized interstellar dust grains. Astrophysical spectroscopic observations give us remote access to the composition of carbonaceous and organic interstellar grains. Their presence and abundances from spectroscopic observations and the phases of importance for the Galactic carbon budget are considered in this article.
Inhibition of PARP Sensitizes Chondrosarcoma Cell Lines to Chemo- and Radiotherapy Irrespective of the IDH1 or IDH2 Mutation Status
Authors: Venneker Sanne , Kruisselbrink Alwine B. , Briaire-de Bruijn Inge H. , de Jong Yvonne , van Wijnen Andre J. , Danen Erik H.J. , Bovée Judith V.M.G.
Published: December 2019

Chondrosarcomas are chemo- and radiotherapy resistant and frequently harbor mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1 or IDH2), causing increased levels of D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG). DNA repair defects and synthetic lethality with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition occur in IDH mutant glioma and leukemia models. Here we evaluated DNA repair and PARP inhibition, alone or combined with chemo- or radiotherapy, in chondrosarcoma cell lines with or without endogenous IDH mutations. Chondrosarcoma cell lines treated with the PARP inhibitor talazoparib were examined for dose–response relationships, as well as underlying cell death mechanisms and DNA repair functionality. Talazoparib was combined with chemo- or radiotherapy to evaluate potential synergy. Cell lines treated long term with an inhibitor normalizing D-2-HG levels were investigated for synthetic lethality with talazoparib. We report that talazoparib sensitivity was variable and irrespective of IDH mutation status. All cell lines expressed Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM), but a subset was impaired in poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) capacity, homologous recombination, and O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) expression. Talazoparib synergized with temozolomide or radiation, independent of IDH1 mutant inhibition. This study suggests that talazoparib combined with temozolomide or radiation are promising therapeutic strategies for chondrosarcoma, irrespective of IDH mutation status. A subset of chondrosarcomas may be deficient in nonclassical DNA repair pathways, suggesting that PARP inhibitor sensitivity is multifactorial in chondrosarcoma.
The Expression of Myeloproliferative Neoplasm-Associated Calreticulin Variants Depends on the Functionality of ER-Associated Degradation
Authors: Mansier Olivier , Prouzet-Mauléon Valérie , Jégou Gwénaële , Barroso Kim , Raymundo Diana Pelizzari , Chauveau Aurélie , Dumas Pierre-Yves , Lagarde Valérie , Turcq Béatrice , Pasquet Jean-Max , Viallard Jean-François , James Chloé , Praloran Vincent , Voutetakis Konstantinos , Chatziioannou Aristotelis , Mahon François-Xavier , Chevet Eric , Lippert Eric
Published: December 2019

Background: Mutations in CALR observed in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) were recently shown to be pathogenic via their interaction with MPL and the subsequent activation of the Janus Kinase – Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway. However, little is known on the impact of those variant CALR proteins on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis. Methods: The impact of the expression of Wild Type (WT) or mutant CALR on ER homeostasis was assessed by quantifying the expression level of Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) target genes, splicing of X-box Binding Protein 1 (XBP1), and the expression level of endogenous lectins. Pharmacological and molecular (siRNA) screens were used to identify mechanisms involved in CALR mutant proteins degradation. Coimmunoprecipitations were performed to define more precisely actors involved in CALR proteins disposal. Results: We showed that the expression of CALR mutants alters neither ER homeostasis nor the sensitivity of hematopoietic cells towards ER stress-induced apoptosis. In contrast, the expression of CALR variants is generally low because of a combination of secretion and protein degradation mechanisms mostly mediated through the ER-Associated Degradation (ERAD)-proteasome pathway. Moreover, we identified a specific ERAD network involved in the degradation of CALR variants. Conclusions: We propose that this ERAD network could be considered as a potential therapeutic target for selectively inhibiting CALR mutant-dependent proliferation associated with MPN, and therefore attenuate the associated pathogenic outcomes.
PI3K/AKT/β-Catenin Signaling Regulates Vestigial-Like 1 Which Predicts Poor Prognosis and Enhances Malignant Phenotype in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Kim Bo-Kyung , Cheong Jae-Ho , Im Joo-Young , Ban Hyun Seung , Kim Seon-Kyu , Kang Mi-Jung , Lee Jungwoon , Kim Seon-Young , Park Kyung-Chan , Paik Soonmyung , Won Misun
Published: December 2019

Although gastric cancer is a common cause of cancer mortality worldwide, its biological heterogeneity limits the available therapeutic options. Therefore, identifying novel therapeutic targets for developing effective targeted therapy of gastric cancer is a pressing need. Here, we investigate molecular function and regulatory mechanisms of Vestigial-like 1 (VGLL1) in gastric cancer. Microarray analysis of 556 gastric cancer tissues revealed that VGLL1 was a prognostic biomarker that correlated with PI3KCA and PI3KCB. VGLL1 regulates the proliferation of gastric cancer cells, as shown in live cell imaging, sphere formation, and in vivo xenograft model. Tail vein injection of NUGC3 cells expressing shVGLL1 resulted in less lung metastasis occurring when compared to the control. In contrast, larger metastatic lesions in lung and liver were detected in the VGLL1-overexpressing NUGC3 cell xenograft excision mouse model. Importantly, VGLL1 expression is transcriptionally regulated by the PI3K-AKT-β-catenin pathway. Subsequently, MMP9, a key molecule in gastric cancer, was explored as one of target genes that were transcribed by VGLL1-TEAD4 complex, a component of the transcription factor. Taken together, PI3K/AKT/β-catenin signaling regulates the transcription of VGLL1, which promotes the proliferation and metastasis in gastric cancer. This finding suggests VGLL1 as a novel prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target.
Hydrogen Production from Steam Reforming of Acetic Acid as a Model Compound of the Aqueous Fraction of Microalgae HTL Using Co-M/SBA-15 (M: Cu, Ag, Ce, Cr) Catalysts
Authors: Megía Pedro J. , Carrero Alicia , Calles José A. , Vizcaíno Arturo J.
Published: December 2019

Hydrogen production derived from thermochemical processing of biomass is becoming an interesting alternative to conventional routes using fossil fuels. In this sense, steam reforming of the aqueous fraction of microalgae hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising option for renewable hydrogen production. Since the HTL aqueous fraction is a complex mixture, acetic acid has been chosen as model compound. This work studies the modification of Co/SBA-15 catalyst incorporating a second metal leading to Co-M/SBA-15 (M: Cu, Ag, Ce and Cr). All catalysts were characterized by N2 physisorption, ICP-AES, XRD, TEM, H2-TPR, H2-TPD and Raman spectroscopy. The characterization results evidenced that Cu and Ag incorporation decreased the cobalt oxides reduction temperatures, while Cr addition led to smaller Co0 crystallites better dispersed on the support. Catalytic tests done at 600 °C, showed that Co-Cr/SBA-15 sample gave hydrogen selectivity values above 70 mol % with a significant reduction in coke deposition.
Deactivation of a Pd/Pt Bimetallic Oxidation Catalyst Used in a Biogas-Powered Euro VI Heavy-Duty Engine Installation
Authors: Englund Johanna , Xie Kunpeng , Dahlin Sandra , Schaefer Andreas , Jing Dazheng , Shwan Soran , Andersson Lennart , Carlsson Per-Anders , Pettersson Lars J. , Skoglundh Magnus
Published: December 2019

The reduction of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions is crucial to avoid further warming of the planet. We investigated how effluent gases from a biogas powered Euro VI heavy-duty engine impact the performance of a bimetallic (palladium and platinum) oxidation catalyst. Using synthetic gas mixtures, the oxidation of NO, CO, and CH4 before and after exposure to biogas exhaust for 900 h was studied. The catalyst lost most of its activity for methane oxidation, and the activity loss was most severe for the inlet part of the aged catalyst. Here, a clear sintering of Pt and Pd was observed, and higher concentrations of catalyst poisons such as sulfur and phosphorus were detected. The sintering and poisoning resulted in less available active sites and hence lower activity for methane oxidation.
The Host Factor Erlin-1 is Required for Efficient Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Whitten-Bauer Christina , Chung Josan , Gómez-Moreno Andoni , Gomollón-Zueco Pilar , Huber Michael D. , Gerace Larry , Garaigorta Urtzi
Published: December 2019

Development of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection cell culture systems has permitted the identification of cellular factors that regulate the HCV life cycle. Some of these cellular factors affect steps in the viral life cycle that are tightly associated with intracellular membranes derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, we describe the discovery of erlin-1 protein as a cellular factor that regulates HCV infection. Erlin-1 is a cholesterol-binding protein located in detergent-resistant membranes within the ER. It is implicated in cholesterol homeostasis and the ER-associated degradation pathway. Silencing of erlin-1 protein expression by siRNA led to decreased infection efficiency characterized by reduction in intracellular RNA accumulation, HCV protein expression and virus production. Mechanistic studies revealed that erlin-1 protein is required early in the infection, downstream of cell entry and primary translation, specifically to initiate RNA replication, and later in the infection to support infectious virus production. This study identifies erlin-1 protein as an important cellular factor regulating HCV infection.
Quality of Life and Disease Impact of Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis on Children and Their Families
Authors: Na Chan Ho , Chung Janice , Simpson Eric L.
Published: December 2019

Atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis are common chronic skin diseases affecting children. These disorders negatively impact the quality of life (QoL) of patients in health-related aspects such as physical, psychosocial, and mental functioning. This health impact is more accurately represented when accounting for the numerous comorbidities associated with each disorder, and the impact the disorders have on patients’ families. A number of QoL tools have been developed and can be routinely implemented in the evaluation of QoL in pediatric patients and their caregivers. Ways to improve QoL include a multidisciplinary approach to care, education, and psychological support.
Hydrophobic and Icephobic Behaviour of Polyurethane-Based Nanocomposite Coatings
Authors: Przybyszewski Bartlomiej , Boczkowska Anna , Kozera Rafal , Mora Julio , Garcia Paloma , Aguero Alina , Borras Ana
Published: December 2019

In this paper, hydrophobic nanocomposite coatings based on polyurethane (PUR) modified by nano-silica and silane-based compounds were manufactured by spraying. The main challenge was to assess and improve the hydrophobic as well as anti-icing properties of initially hydrophilic polymer coatings. The prepared nanocomposite coatings were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical profilometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results obtained showed that in order to achieve hydrophobicity, appropriate amounts of nano-silica must be incorporated in the coating, and complete coverage by nano-silica particles is necessary for achieving hydrophobicity. Coating adhesion and the durability of the hydrophobic behaviour were also studied by scratch test and frosting/defrosting cycles, respectively. The results show that use of both nano-silica and silane-based compounds improve the hydrophobic and anti-icing properties of the coating as compared to a non-modified PUR topcoat. A synergistic effect of both additives was observed. It was also found that the anti-icing behaviour does not necessarily correlate with surface roughness and the materials’ wetting properties.
Special Issue “Anti-Aging Properties of Natural Compounds”
Authors: Pratsinis Harris , Kletsas Dimitris
Published: December 2019

Aging is defined as the progressive loss of an organism’s homeostatic balance [...]
Design Guidelines on LED Costumes for Dance Performances
Authors: Izuta Ryo , Terada Tsutomu , Yanagisawa Yutaka , Fujimoto Minoru , Tsukamoto Masahiko
Published: December 2019

We present design guidelines on light emitting diode (LED) costumes for dance performances assuming repetitive use during concerts. We used LED costumes more than 120 times for large concerts of well-known artists at venues of approximately 50,000 capacity that were commercially successesful and we updated the LED costume design twice based on our experiences during these concerts. Through analyzing the position of broken LEDs and the types of breakage and the problems that occurred during actual performances, we devised 17 design guidelines on LED costumes for dance performances. Thanks to these design guidelines, the LEDs on the costume are more difficult to break and we can prepare for any contingencies that may occur during a performance. We fabricated an improved LED costume based on our design guidelines and conducted endurance tests involving dancing. Throughout the endurance tests, the LEDs did not break, and other factors that cause LED breakage were found. We participated in two exhibitions to conduct special LED dance performances.
Numerical Study of Customised Mesh for Twin Screw Vacuum Pumps
Authors: Lu Yang , Kovacevic Ahmed , Read Matthew , Basha Nausheen
Published: December 2019

The market for dry vacuum pumps is expected to increase in the coming years. Improving the efficiency of these machines requires comprehensive understanding of the flow dynamics within the working chambers. For this purpose, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is used as it offers better insight of the working process of a screw machine. In this study, a twin-screw vacuum pump with a large helix angle was analysed. This is a challenging case for CFD due to the limitations of grid generation in the transverse plane on the mesh quality. Two types of transverse meshes were generated using the software SCORGTM: casing to rotor non-conformal mesh and casing to rotor conformal mesh. The quality of the mesh in terms of aspect ratio and orthogonality were compared. The casing to rotor conformal mesh was used with ANSYS Fluent in order to obtain performance characteristics of the vacuum pump with the moderate helix angle of 62° such as the mass flow rate, rotor torque, and indicated power. The performance prediction results were satisfactory but the grid quality was relatively low with orthogonality reaching 40° and aspect ratio over 250 in some cases. As the helix angle increases the quality of mesh decreases. This paper presents the new development of a grid generation algorithm which uses the normal rack to map the fluid domain in the normal plane instead of the transverse plane. This new mesh generation method is expected to better align the computational grid with the main and leakage flows in order to significantly improve grid quality and reduce the numerical diffusion in case of screw machines with large helix angles.
Modeling and Simulation Performance Evaluation of a Proposed Calorimeter for Testing a Heat Pump System
Authors: Amoabeng Kofi Owura , Lee Kwang Ho , Choi Jong Min
Published: December 2019

The energy consumption for heating and cooling in the building sector accounts for more than one-third of total energy used worldwide. In view of that, it is important to develop energy efficient cooling and heating systems in order to conserve energy in buildings as well as reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In both commercial and residential buildings, the heat pump has been adopted as an energy efficient technology for space heating and cooling purposes as compared to conventional air conditioning systems. However, heat pumps undergo standard testing, rating, and certification procedures to ascertain their system performance. Essentially, the calorimeter for testing heat pumps has two test chambers to serve as a heat source and heat sink to control and maintain the test conditions required to simulate the heat pump indoor and outdoor units, simultaneously. In air-to-air heat pump units, the conventional calorimeter controls the air temperature and humidity conditions in each test chamber with separate air handling units consisting of a refrigerator, heater, humidifier, and supply fan, which results in high energy consumption. In this study, using dynamic modeling and simulation, a new calorimeter for controlling air conditions in each test chamber is proposed. The performance analysis based on simulation results showed that the newly proposed calorimeter predicted at least 43% energy savings with the use of a heat recovery unit and small refrigerator capacity as compared to the conventional calorimeter that utilized a large refrigerator capacity for all the weather conditions and load capacities that we investigated.
Dendroclimatic Assessment of Ponderosa Pine Radial Growth along Elevational Transects in Western Montana, U.S.A.
Authors: Montpellier Evan E. , Soulé Peter T. , Knapp Paul A. , Maxwell Justin T.
Published: December 2019

Ponderosa pine (PP) is the most common and widely distributed pine species in the western United States, spanning from southern Canada to the United States–Mexico border. PP can be found growing between sea level and 3000 meters elevation making them an ideal species to assess the effects of changing climatic conditions at a variety of elevations. Here we compare PP standardized and raw growth responses to climate conditions along an elevational transect spanning 1000 meters in western Montana, U.S.A., a region that experienced a 20th century warming trend and is expected to incur much warmer (3.1–4.5 °C) and slightly drier summers (~0.3 cm decrease per month) by the end on the 21st century. Specifically, we assess if there are climate/growth differences based on relative (i.e., site-specific) and absolute (i.e., combined sites) elevation between groups of trees growing in different elevational classes. We find that values of the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) in July are most strongly related to radial growth and that within-site elevation differences are a poor predictor of the response of PP to either wet or dry climatic conditions (i.e., years with above or below average July PDSI values). These results suggest that any generalization that stands of PP occurring at their elevational margins are most vulnerable to changing climatic may not be operative at these sites in western Montana. Our results show that when using standardized ring widths, PP growing at the lowest and highest elevations within western Montana exhibit differential growth during extreme climatological conditions with lower-elevation trees outperforming higher-elevation trees during dry years and vice versa during wet years.
Determining a Carbon Reference Level for a High-Forest-Low-Deforestation Country
Authors: Pirker Johannes , Mosnier Aline , Nana Tatiana , Dees Matthias , Momo Achille , Muys Bart , Kraxner Florian , Siwe René
Published: December 2019

Research Highlights: A transparent approach to developing a forest reference emissions level (FREL) adjusted to future local developments in Southern Cameroon is demonstrated. Background and Objectives: Countries with low historical deforestation can adjust their forest reference (emission) level (FREL/FRL) upwards for REDD+ to account for likely future developments. Many countries, however, find it difficult to establish a credible adjusted reference level. This article demonstrates the establishment of a FREL for southern Cameroon adjusted to societal megatrends of strong population—and economic growth combined with rapid urbanization. It demonstrates what can be done with available information and data, but most importantly outlines pathways to further improve the quality of future FREL/FRL’s in light of possibly accessing performance-based payments. Materials and Methods: The virtual FREL encompasses three main elements: Remotely sensed activity data; emission factors derived from the national forest inventory; and the adjustment of the reference level using a land use model of the agriculture sector. Sensitivity analysis is performed on all three elements using Monte Carlo methods. Results: Deforestation during the virtual reference period 2000–2015 is dominated by non-industrial agriculture (comprising both smallholders and local elites) and increases over time. The land use model projections are consistent with this trend, resulting in emissions that are on average 47% higher during the virtual performance period 2020–2030 than during the reference period 2000–2015. Monte Carlo analysis points to the adjustment term as the main driver of uncertainty in the FREL calculation. Conclusions: The available data is suitable for constructing a FREL for periodic reporting to the UNFCCC. Enhanced coherence of input data notably for activity data and adjustment is needed to apply for a performance-based payment scheme. Expanding the accounting framework to include forest degradation and forest gain are further priorities requiring future research.