bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protocol for the BONE-RECON trial: a single-arm feasibility trial for critical sized lower limb BONE defect RECONstruction using the mPCL-TCP scaffold system with autologous vascularised corticoperiosteal tissue transfer
Authors: Sparks David S , Wiper Jay , Lloyd Thomas , Wille Marie-Luise , Sehu Marjoree , Savi Flavia M , Ward Nicola , Hutmacher Dietmar W , Wagels Michael
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Reconstruction of critical bone defects is challenging. In a substantial subgroup of patients, conventional reconstructive techniques are insufficient. Biodegradable scaffolds have emerged as a novel tissue engineering strategy for critical-sized bone defect reconstruction. A corticoperiosteal flap integrates the hosts’ ability to regenerate bone and permits the creation of a vascular axis for scaffold neo-vascularisation (regenerative matching axial vascularisation—RMAV). This phase IIa study evaluates the application of the RMAV approach alongside a custom medical-grade polycaprolactone-tricalcium phosphate (mPCL-TCP) scaffold (Osteopore) to regenerate bone sufficient to heal critical size defects in lower limb defects.

Methods and analysis

This open-label, single-arm feasibility trial will be jointly coordinated by the Complex Lower Limb Clinic (CLLC) at the Princess Alexandra Hospital in Woolloongabba (Queensland, Australia), the Australian Centre for Complex Integrated Surgical Solutions (Queensland, Australia) and the Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology in Kelvin Grove (Queensland, Australia). Aiming for limb salvage, the study population (n=10) includes any patient referred to the CLLC with a critical-sized bone defect not amenable to conventional reconstructive approaches, after discussion by the interdisciplinary team. All patients will receive treatment using the RMAV approach using a custom mPCL-TCP implant. The primary study endpoint will be safety and tolerability of the reconstruction. Secondary end points include time to bone union and weight-bearing status on the treated limb. Results of this trial will help shape the role of scaffold-guided bone regenerative approaches in complex lower limb reconstruction where current options remain limited.

Ethics and dissemination

Approval was obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee at the participating centre. Results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.

Trial registration number

ACTRN12620001007921.
Protocol for a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial assessing the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Electronic RIsk-assessment for CAncer for patients in general practice (ERICA)
Authors: Hamilton Willie , Mounce Luke , Abel Gary A , Dean Sarah Gerard , Campbell John L , Warren Fiona C , Spencer Anne , Medina-Lara Antonieta , Pitt Martin , Shephard Elizabeth , Shakespeare Marijke , Fletcher Emily , Mercer Adrian , Calitri Raff
Published: May 2023

Introduction

The UK has worse cancer outcomes than most comparable countries, with a large contribution attributed to diagnostic delay. Electronic risk assessment tools (eRATs) have been developed to identify primary care patients with a ≥2% risk of cancer using features recorded in the electronic record.

Methods and analysis

This is a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial in English primary care. Individual general practices will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to intervention (provision of eRATs for six common cancer sites) or to usual care. The primary outcome is cancer stage at diagnosis, dichotomised to stage 1 or 2 (early) or stage 3 or 4 (advanced) for these six cancers, assessed from National Cancer Registry data. Secondary outcomes include stage at diagnosis for a further six cancers without eRATs, use of urgent referral cancer pathways, total practice cancer diagnoses, routes to cancer diagnosis and 30-day and 1-year cancer survival. Economic and process evaluations will be performed along with service delivery modelling. The primary analysis explores the proportion of patients with early-stage cancer at diagnosis. The sample size calculation used an OR of 0.8 for a cancer being diagnosed at an advanced stage in the intervention arm compared with the control arm, equating to an absolute reduction of 4.8% as an incidence-weighted figure across the six cancers. This requires 530 practices overall, with the intervention active from April 2022 for 2 years.

Ethics and dissemination

The trial has approval from London City and East Research Ethics Committee, reference number 19/LO/0615; protocol version 5.0, 9 May 2022. It is sponsored by the University of Exeter. Dissemination will be by journal publication, conferences, use of appropriate social media and direct sharing with cancer policymakers.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN22560297.
Comparison of hearing aid fitting effectiveness with audiograms from either user-operated or traditional audiometry in a clinical setting: a study protocol for a blinded non-inferiority randomised controlled trial
Authors: Pedersen Carl Christian , Pedersen Ellen Raben , Laugesen Søren , Sanchez-Lopez Raul , Nielsen Jacob , Sørensen Chris Bang , Sidiras Christos , Pedersen René Gyldenlund , Schmidt Jesper Hvass
Published: May 2023

Introduction

There is a worldwide need to enhance the capacity of audiometry testing. The objective of this study is to compare the User-operated Audiometry (UAud) system with traditional audiometry in a clinical setting, by investigating if hearing aid effectiveness based on UAud is non-inferior to hearing aid effectiveness based on traditional audiometry, and whether thresholds obtained with the user-operated version of the Audible Contrast Threshold (ACT) test correlates to traditional measures of speech intelligibility.

Methods and analysis

The design will be a blinded non-inferiority randomised controlled trial. 250 adults referred for hearing aid treatment will be enrolled in the study. Study participants will be tested using both traditional audiometry as well as the UAud system and they will answer the questionnaire Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ12) at baseline. Participants will be randomly divided to receive hearing aids fitted based on either UAud or traditional audiometry. Three months after participants have started using their hearing aids, they will undergo a hearing in noise test with hearing aids to measure their speech-in-noise performance and answer the following questionnaires: SSQ12, the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit and the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids. The primary outcome is a comparison of the change in SSQ12 scores from baseline to follow-up between the two groups. Participants will undergo the user-operated ACT test of spectro-temporal modulation sensitivity as part of the UAud system. The ACT results will be compared with measures of speech intelligibility from the traditional audiometry session and follow-up measurements.

Ethics and dissemination

The project was evaluated by the Research Ethics Committee of Southern Denmark and judged not to need approval. The findings will be submitted to an international peer-reviewed journal and presented at national and international conferences.

Trial registration number

NCT05043207.
Sexual health promotion for sexual and gender minorities in primary care: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Homme Paige , Truong Robinson , Gong Jenny , Ziegler Carolyn , Freitas Cassandra , Yeung Anna , Tan Darrell HS , Burchell Ann N
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Sexual and gender minorities (SGMs) face health disparities related to systemic discrimination and barriers to sexual health. Sexual health promotion encompasses strategies that enable individuals, groups and communities to make informed decisions regarding their sexual well-being. Our objective is to describe the existing sexual health promotion interventions tailored for SGMs within the primary care context.

Methods and analysis

We will conduct a scoping review and search for articles in 12 medical and social science academic databases on interventions that are targeted towards SGMs in the primary care context in industrialised countries. Searches were conducted on 7 July 2020 and 31 May 2022. We defined sexual health interventions in the inclusion framework as: (1) promote positive sexual health, or sex and relationship education; (2) reduce the incidence of sexually transmitted infections; (3) reduce unintended pregnancies; or (4) change prejudice, stigma and discrimination around sexual health, or increase awareness surrounding positive sex. Two independent reviewers will select articles meeting inclusion criteria and extract data. Participant and study characteristics will be summarised using frequencies and proportions. Our primary analysis will include a descriptive summary of key interventional themes from content and thematic analysis. Gender-based Analysis Plus will be used to stratify themes based on gender, race, sexuality and other identities. The secondary analysis will include the use of the Sexual and Gender Minority Disparities Research Framework to analyse the interventions from a socioecological perspective.

Ethics and dissemination

No ethical approval is required for a scoping review. The protocol was registered on the Open Science Framework Registries (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/X5R47). The intended audiences are primary care providers, public health, researchers and community-based organisations. Results will be communicated through peer-reviewed publication, conferences, rounds and other opportunities to reach primary care providers. Community-based engagement will occur through presentations, guest speakers, community forums and research summary handouts.
Effectiveness of digital adherence technologies in improving tuberculosis treatment outcomes in four countries: a pragmatic cluster randomised trial protocol
Authors: Jerene Degu , Levy Jens , van Kalmthout Kristian , Rest Job van , McQuaid Christopher Finn , Quaife Matthew , Charalambous Salome , Gamazina Katya , Garfin A M Celina , Mleoh Liberate , Terleieva Yana , Bogdanov Alexsey , Maraba Noriah , Fielding Katherine
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Successful treatment of tuberculosis depends to a large extent on good adherence to treatment regimens, which relies on directly observed treatment (DOT). This in turn requires frequent visits to health facilities. High costs to patients, stigma and burden to the health system challenged the DOT approach. Digital adherence technologies (DATs) have emerged as possibly more feasible alternatives to DOT but there is conflicting evidence on their effectiveness and feasibility. Our primary objective is to evaluate whether the implementation of DATs with daily monitoring and a differentiated response to patient adherence would reduce poor treatment outcomes compared with the standard of care (SOC). Our secondary objectives include: to evaluate the proportion of patients lost to follow-up; to compare effectiveness by DAT type; to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of DATs; to describe factors affecting the longitudinal engagement of patients with the intervention and to use a simple model to estimate the epidemiological impact and cost-effectiveness of the intervention from a health system perspective.

Methods and analysis

This is a pragmatic two-arm cluster-randomised trial in the Philippines, South Africa, Tanzania and Ukraine, with health facilities as the unit of randomisation. Facilities will first be randomised to either the DAT or SOC arm, and then the DAT arm will be further randomised into medication sleeve/labels or smart pill box in a 1:1:2 ratio for the smart pill box, medication sleeve/label or the SOC respectively. We will use data from the digital adherence platform and routine health facility records for analysis. In the main analysis, we will employ an intention-to-treat approach to evaluate treatment outcomes.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been approved by the WHO Research Ethics Review Committee (0003296), and by country-specific committees. The results will be shared at national and international meetings and will be published in peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN17706019.
Treatment burden in survivors of prostate and colorectal cancers: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Adam Rosalind , Duncan Lisa , Maclennan Sara J , Locock Louise
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Treatment burden is the workload of healthcare and the impact this has on the individual. Treatment burden is associated with poorer patient outcomes in several chronic diseases. Illness burden has been extensively studied in cancer, but little is known about treatment burden, particularly in those who have completed primary treatment for cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate treatment burden in survivors of prostate and colorectal cancers and their caregivers.

Design

Semistructured interview study. Interviews were analysed using Framework and thematic analysis.

Setting

Participants were recruited via general practices in Northeast Scotland.

Participants

Eligible participants were individuals who had been diagnosed with colorectal or prostate cancer without distant metastases within the previous 5 years and their caregivers. Thirty-five patients and six caregivers participated: 22 patients had prostate and 13 had colorectal cancers (six male, seven female).

Results

The term ‘burden’ did not resonate with most survivors, who expressed gratitude that time invested in cancer care could translate into improved survival. Cancer management was time consuming, but workload reduced over time. Cancer was usually considered as a discrete episode. Individual, disease and health system factors protected against or increased treatment burden. Some factors, such as health service configuration, were potentially modifiable. Multimorbidity contributed most to treatment burden and influenced treatment decisions and engagement with follow-up. The presence of a caregiver protected against treatment burden, but caregivers also experienced burden.

Conclusions

Intensive cancer treatment and follow-up regimens do not necessarily lead to perceived burden. A cancer diagnosis serves as a strong motivator to engage in health management, but a careful balance exists between positive perceptions and burden. Treatment burden could lead to poorer cancer outcomes by influencing engagement with and decisions about care. Clinicians should ask about treatment burden and its impact, particularly in those with multimorbidity.

Trial registration number

NCT04163068.
Effects of ileocolonic delivered vitamin B2, B3and C (ColoVit) or the Groningen anti-inflammatory diet on disease course and microbiome of patients with Crohn’s disease (VITA-GrAID study): a protocol for a randomised and partially blinded trial
Authors: Otten Antonius Timotheus , Peters V , Barth I , Stevens C L , Bourgonje A R , Frijlink H W , Harmsen H J M , Rehman A , Campmans-Kuijpers M J E , Dijkstra G
Published: May 2023

Background

Diet plays a pivotal role in the onset and progression of Crohn’s disease (CD). Nutritional interventions revealed effects on intestinal inflammation and gut microbial composition. However, data from well-designed and controlled dietary trials are lacking. Therefore, evidence-based dietary recommendations are still unavailable to patients and physicians. Here, we aim to investigate the effects of an evidence-based anti-inflammatory diet, and an ileocolonic-targeted capsule containing vitamin B2, B3and C (ColoVit) on patients with CD and their healthy household members.

Methods and analysis

In this multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, partially blinded nutritional intervention trial, we aim to recruit 255 CD patients with Harvey-Bradshaw Index <8 and a faecal calprotectin (FCal) cut-off of ≥100 µg/g at baseline. Participants will be randomised into two experimental intervention groups and one placebo group. In the experimental groups, participants will either adhere to the Groningen anti-inflammatory diet (GrAID) or ingest an ileocolonic-delivered oral vitamin B2/B3/C capsule (ColoVit). The study consists of a 12-week controlled interventional phase, which proceeds to a 9-month observational follow-up phase in which patients allocated to the GrAID group will be requested to continue the intervention on their own accord. Household members of participating patients will be asked to participate in the trial as healthy subjects and are allocated to the same group as their peer. The primary study outcome for patients is the change in FCal level from baseline. The primary outcome for household members is the change in gut microbial composition, which is set as secondary outcome for patients.

Ethics and dissemination

The protocol has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Stichting Beoordeling Ethiek Biomedisch Onderzoek in Assen, the Netherlands. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.

Trial registration number

NCT04913467.
CATERPILLAR-study protocol: an assessor-blinded randomised controlled trial comparing taurolidine-citrate-heparin to heparin-only lock solutions for the prevention of central line-associated bloodstream infections in paediatric oncology patients
Authors: van den Bosch Ceder Hildegard , Loeffen Yvette , van der Steeg Alida F W , van der Bruggen Jan-Tom T , Frakking Florine N J , Fiocco Marta , van de Ven Cornelis P , Wijnen Marc H W A , van de Wetering Marianne D
Published: May 2023

Introduction

The efficacy of taurolidine containing lock solutions for the prevention of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) in paediatric oncology patients is still unknown. If the taurolidine-citrate-heparin lock appears to decrease the incidence of CLABSIs, we hope to increase the quality of life of children with cancer by subsequently reducing the central venous access device (CVAD)-removal rates, dispense of antibiotics, hospital admissions and incidence of severe sepsis resulting in intensive care unit admission.

Methods and analysis

This assessor-blinded randomised controlled trial including 462 patients was designed to compare the taurolidine-citrate-heparin lock to the heparin-only lock for the prevention of CLABSIs in paediatric oncology patients. Patients receiving their first CVAD at the Princess Máxima Centre for Paediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands, are eligible for inclusion. The primary outcome of this study is the incidence of first CLABSIs from CVAD insertion until the end of the study, maximum follow-up of 90 days. An intention-to-treat and a per-protocol analysis will be performed. An interim analysis will be performed after the inclusion of 50% of the patients. The results of the interim analysis and overall conduct of the trial will be discussed by a data safety monitoring board.

Ethics and dissemination

The medical ethics committee NedMec, Utrecht, the Netherlands, has approved this research (number 20/370). Written informed consent for participation in this trial and publication of the trial data is obtained from all patients and/or their parents/guardians. The results of this trial will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and the data will be made available on reasonable request after publication of the main results manuscript.

Trial registration numbers

NTR6688;NCT05740150.
Use of the Vitiligo Extent Score: a protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Rueda-Galvis Paola Andrea , Orozco-Jiménez Sara , Builes-Montaño Carlos E , Arango-Salgado Andrea
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Vitiligo is a chronic skin condition with no cure. Clinical
assessment and treatment evaluation relies heavily on clinometry tools
and expert knowledge. The Vitiligo Extent Score has been proposed as one
of the most reliable and easy-to-use clinometry tools for
vitiligo.

Methods and analysis

We proposed a scoping review to identify all the available evidence
on the clinical research availability around the Vitiligo Extent Score.
The following databases will be searched: MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Open
Grey, Lens and Directory of Open Access Journals. In addition, the
approach proposed in the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer’s Manual will
be followed. Finally, this review will be reported according to the
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
extension for Scoping Reviews.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval for this review is not required. We intend to
publish the results in a specialised peer-reviewed journal and local,
national and international conference presentations. It will also be
incorporated as educational material in our institution’s postgraduate
programme in dermatology.
Enhanced liver X receptor signalling reduces brain injury and promotes tissue regeneration following experimental intracerebral haemorrhage: roles of microglia/macrophages
Authors: Zhang Ruiyi , Dong Yifei , Liu Yang , Moezzi Dorsa , Ghorbani Samira , Mirzaei Reza , Lozinski Brian M , Dunn Jeff F , Yong V Wee , Xue Mengzhou
Published: May 2023

Background

Inflammation-exacerbated secondary brain injury and limited tissue regeneration are barriers to favourable prognosis after intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). As a regulator of inflammation and lipid metabolism, Liver X receptor (LXR) has the potential to alter microglia/macrophage (M/M) phenotype, and assist tissue repair by promoting cholesterol efflux and recycling from phagocytes. To support potential clinical translation, the benefits of enhanced LXR signalling are examined in experimental ICH.

Methods

Collagenase-induced ICH mice were treated with the LXR agonist GW3965 or vehicle. Behavioural tests were conducted at multiple time points. Lesion and haematoma volume, and other brain parameters were assessed using multimodal MRI with T2-weighted, diffusion tensor imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI sequences. The fixed brain cryosections were stained and confocal microscopy was applied to detect LXR downstream genes, M/M phenotype, lipid/cholesterol-laden phagocytes, oligodendrocyte lineage cells and neural stem cells. Western blot and real-time qPCR were also used. CX3CR1CreER: Rosa26iDTRmice were employed for M/M-depletion experiments.

Results

GW3965 treatment reduced lesion volume and white matter injury, and promoted haematoma clearance. Treated mice upregulated LXR downstream genes including ABCA1 and Apolipoprotein E, and had reduced density of M/M that apparently shifted from proinflammatory interleukin-1β+to Arginase1+CD206+regulatory phenotype. Fewer cholesterol crystal or myelin debris-laden phagocytes were observed in GW3965 mice. LXR activation increased the number of Olig2+PDGFRα+precursors and Olig2+CC1+mature oligodendrocytes in perihaematomal regions, and elevated SOX2+or nestin+neural stem cells in lesion and subventricular zone. MRI results supported better lesion recovery by GW3965, and this was corroborated by return to pre-ICH values of functional rotarod activity. The therapeutic effects of GW3965 were abrogated by M/M depletion in CX3CR1CreER: Rosa26iDTRmice.

Conclusions

LXR agonism using GW3965 reduced brain injury, promoted beneficial properties of M/M and facilitated tissue repair correspondent with enhanced cholesterol recycling.
Bayesian inference of high-purity germanium detector impurities based on capacitance measurements and machine-learning accelerated capacitance calculations
Authors: Abt I. , Gooch C. , Hagemann F. , Hauertmann L. , Liu X. , Schulz O. , Schuster M.
Published: May 2023

The impurity density in high-purity germanium detectors is crucial to understand and simulate such detectors. However, the information about the impurities provided by the manufacturer, based on Hall effect measurements, is typically limited to a few locations and comes with a large uncertainty. As the voltage dependence of the capacitance matrix of a detector strongly depends on the impurity density distribution, capacitance measurements can provide a path to improve the knowledge on the impurities. The novel method presented here uses a machine-learned surrogate model, trained on precise GPU-accelerated capacitance calculations, to perform full Bayesian inference of impurity distribution parameters from capacitance measurements. All steps use open-source Julia software packages. Capacitances are calculated with SolidStateDetectors.jl, machine learning is done with Flux.jl and Bayesian inference performed using BAT.jl. The capacitance matrix of a detector and its dependence on the impurity density is explained and a capacitance bias-voltage scan of an n-type true-coaxial test detector is presented. The study indicates that the impurity density of the test detector also has a radial dependence.
Mud retention in hydrologically closed basins promoted pre-vegetation meandering: evidence from the Neoproterozoic Diabaig Formation, Scotland
Authors: McMahon William J. , Herron Seán T. , Craig James A. , Davies Neil S.
Published: May 2023

Fluvial point-bar deposits are described from the
c.
1 Ga Diabaig Formation, representing some of the most compelling architectural evidence of planform sinuosity recognized in pre-vegetation sedimentary strata to date. The stratigraphical architecture of the deposits indicates different planform transformations in response to meander-bend expansion and downstream migration. Point-bar architectural motifs are locally abundant in the unit and this is attributed to elevated amounts of mud-calibre cohesive sediment. Mud afforded landscape stability that, together with limited stream power, was sufficient to corral sediment into single-thread, sinuous channels. Significant volumes of fine-grained sediment were encouraged to accumulate by the local basin setting of several topographically confined endorheic depressions. These conditions ceased once the hydrologically closed valleys were filled, with the overlying sandstone-dominated Applecross Formation subsequently deposited by low-sinuosity, braided rivers that bypassed fine-grained sediment oceanward. Other endorheic basins conducive to the formation of depositional meanders should be expected to have been relatively widespread on pre-vegetation Earth, though many individually limited in size, confined by their inherited topographies. Depositional architectures representative of sinuous channel planforms remain scarce within more extensive, externally drained basins.
Why Over-explaining Is Underrated, and What to Do About It
Authors: Yaffe Philip
Published: May 2023

Each "Communication Corner" essay is self-contained; however, they build on each other. For best results, before reading this essay and doing the exercise, go to the first essay "How an Ugly Duckling Became a Swan," then read each succeeding essay.

The purpose of most expository (non-fiction) text is for the reader to understand and retain as much as possible of what it has to say. Too many people who write such text seem (subconsciously) to adopt exactly the opposite point of view. Here's how not to be one of them.
Looping the Genome with SMC Complexes
Authors: Kim Eugene , Barth Roman , Dekker Cees
Published: May 2023

SMC (structural maintenance of chromosomes) protein complexes are an evolutionarily conserved family of motor proteins that hold sister chromatids together and fold genomes throughout the cell cycle by DNA loop extrusion. These complexes play a key role in a variety of functions in the packaging and regulation of chromosomes, and they have been intensely studied in recent years. Despite their importance, the detailed molecular mechanism for DNA loop extrusion by SMC complexes remains unresolved. Here, we describe the roles of SMCs in chromosome biology and particularly review in vitro single-molecule studies that have recently advanced our understanding of SMC proteins. We describe the mechanistic biophysical aspects of loop extrusion that govern genome organization and its consequences.
Ethnomethodology's Legacies and Prospects
Authors: Maynard Douglas W. , Heritage John
Published: May 2023

This article considers the large range of empirical research that has emerged under the broad aegis of ethnomethodology, in the period between the publication of Studies in Ethnomethodology (1967) and the present day. Starting with a brief overview of Garfinkel's intellectual career, we discuss the relation of ethnomethodology to Schütz's phenomenology, Parsons's systems theory, and Weber's concern with meaning construction. A central concern was with the problem of contextuality, which Garfinkel initially addressed by drawing on, while fashioning in his own way, Mannheim's concern with the documentary method of interpretation. Ethnomethodologically-related studies have proliferated in a variety of domains, including conversation analysis, membership categorization analysis, and (related to Garfinkel's own early work) empirical initiatives in the study of everyday life involving racial, gender and other minoritized groups. Further ethnomethodological studies emerged from legal environments, from social problems and deviance, and in relation to ability differences. Still other investigations concerned instructed action and its ramifications for the sciences, technology and organizations, including the workplace. A longstanding concern for ethnomethodology has been with the conduct of social sciences—how coding is done, how surveys are conducted, and how standardization is achieved. Many of these areas have given rise to thriving subfields, have dedicated journals, and resulted in applications. Few initiatives in sociological theory have resulted in a wider range of innovative research than Garfinkel's and successor studies showing, explicating, and demonstrating the organization of details in social life and their consequences for social order.
Ultra-High Field Imaging of Human Visual Cognition
Authors: Jia Ke , Goebel Rainer , Kourtzi Zoe
Published: May 2023

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the key methodology for mapping the functions of the human brain in a noninvasive manner, is limited by low temporal and spatial resolution. Recent advances in ultra-high field (UHF) fMRI provide a mesoscopic (i.e., submillimeter resolution) tool that allows us to probe laminar and columnar circuits, distinguish bottom-up versus top-down pathways, and map small subcortical areas. We review recent work demonstrating that UHF fMRI provides a robust methodology for imaging the brain across cortical depths and columns that provides insights into the brain's organization and functions at unprecedented spatial resolution, advancing our understanding of the fine-scale computations and interareal communication that support visual cognition.
Fabrication of Ideally Ordered Anodic Porous Alumina on Glass Substrates by Stamping Process Using Flexible Stamps
Authors: Kato Kenya , Yanagishita Takashi
Published: May 2023

Establishing a process to fabricate anodic porous alumina with an ordered array of uniform-sized pores on a substrate is an important challenge of fabricating various functional devices. In this study, ordered anodic porous alumina was fabricated on glass substrates by a stamping process using a flexible stamp. This process enables the formation of a resist mask at a low pressure on the sample surface to pattern the starting point for pore generation during anodization. Therefore, it is possible to pattern samples without breaking the glass substrate, and subsequent anodization can generate ordered anodic porous alumina on the substrate. The stamping process using flexible stamps can be applied regardless of the roughness of the Al film on a substrate because the stamp deforms according to the Al surface shape, even when there is a protruding structure on the Al surface. In addition, it was shown that this process could be used to form ordered anodic porous alumina even on Al surfaces with three-dimensional curvatures, such as convex lenses.
An alternative mechanism for skeletal muscle dysfunction in long-term post-viral lung disease
Authors: Martin Ryan A. , Keeler Shamus P. , Wu Kangyun , Shearon William J. , Patel Devin , Li Jiajia , Hoang My , Hoffmann Christy M. , Hughes Michael E. , Holtzman Michael J.
Published: May 2023

Our study used a mouse model of post-viral lung disease to study the impact of chronic lung disease on skeletal muscle. The model reveals a decrease in myofiber size that is selective for specific types of myofibers and an alternative mechanism for muscle atrophy that might be independent of the usual markers of protein synthesis and degradation. The findings provide a basis for new therapeutic strategies to correct skeletal muscle dysfunction in chronic respiratory disease.
Wood Beam Damage Identification Based on the Curvature Mode and Wavelet Transform
Authors: Meng Zhaobo , Ren Xiancai , Chai Shanqing , Wang Xin , Zhao Tengfei , Gao Feifei , Wang Shanwei , Liu Yufa
Published: May 2023

In the paper, a simple-supported wooden beam is used as the research object to identify the damage of the wood beam by finite element analysis and experimental research. First, ANSYS was used to establish the solid finite element model of the wood beam before and after the damage, and then the discrete wavelet transform was performed on the curvature mode of the wood beam before and after the damage, and the wavelet coefficient difference index was obtained after obtaining the high frequency wavelet coefficients. Then, the damage location of the wood beam was judged according to the sudden peak of the wavelet coefficient difference index, and the damage degree of the wood beam was estimated by fitting the relationship between the wavelet coefficient difference index and the degree of damage. Finally, the index was verified by the wooden beam test. The results show that the wavelet coefficient difference index can accurately identify the damaged location of the wood beams. The degree of damage to the wood beams at the damage location can be quantitatively estimated by fitting the relationship between the wavelet coefficient difference index and the degree of damage at the damage location. The research results provide a theoretical basis to identify wooden beam damage.
Comparative Study and Aerodynamic Analysis of Rectangular Wing Using High-Lift Systems
Authors: Radha Krishnan P. , Mukesh R. , Hasan Inamul , Booma Devi P. , Alebachew Wubetu Amare
Published: May 2023

High-lift systems are designed to expand the flight envelope and have a most important effect on the size of the wing, economy, and safety of many airliner configurations. Even a small increment of lift using a high-lift system can significantly impact an aircraft’s profitability. The effective design of the airfoil shape with the required aerodynamic performance is still difficult. In the early days, the designs of airfoils were randomly set up and tested in the flow section, and then, the Wright brothers emerged with a cambered section. NACA has provided an appropriate airfoil definition that supports us in making airfoil designs using formulas, not randomly. This paper describes the influence of aerodynamic analysis of wing with flaps at various deflection angles. Aerodynamic variables for the aircraft wing, which is made up of the NACA airfoil 6412 model with and without flaps, have been studied at various angle of attack (AOA) (i.e., -4, -2, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 16) and different Mach number at 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4. Also, the analysis was done for the 15000 ft altitude to check the density effects for the real-time applications. The coefficients of lift and drag are gained by examining the pressure distribution over the surface of the wing. Lift increases as the approach ascends from a low to a high angle of attack, and the most extreme lift is produced at a specific point. After that, when the angle of attack increases further, the drag component increases, so the stall occurs at that point in time. The results showed that the NACA 6412 airfoil obtained the maximum lift at 14°, and the lift value started to decrease. The CFD computations are performed in Ansys Fluent by performing hybrid mesh using ICEM-CFD. The analysis is performed for various configurations of the wing section, and the effects of flow parameters like angle of attack, altitude, and the gap distance between the main wing and slotted flap were compared to identify the better configurations.
IPoE Enhanced Reliability Model Based on SDH Optical Transmission for Intelligent Power Dispatching
Authors: Zeng Shibo
Published: May 2023

Internet of Things (IoT) technology is one of the more advanced network communication technologies at present, and the IoT-based power dispatching system can improve the operation efficiency of power system. As the number of power users increases dramatically, higher requirements are put forward for the communication and management of IoT-based devices. The authentication method of traditional network structure can no longer adapt to the huge number of clients. For the problem of insufficient reliability of IPoE authentication method at the present stage, this paper proposes a model to enhance the reliability of IPoE authentication method. First, an intelligent scheduling optimization method based on SDH optical transmission technology is designed to complete the optimization of the scheduling network. The time delay of the communication network is reduced, and the reliability of the network is increased. Second, a data online collection module is established to complete the first optimization of the communication network. Finally, SDH optical transmission technology and design communication network terminal are integrated. The second optimization of the communication network is completed. After experimental testing, the proposed model can intelligently optimize the IoT-based power dispatching network. A standardized, manageable, and secure large-scale remote dispatching solution is realized.
COVID-19 Infodemic in Malaysia: Conceptualizing Fake News for Detection
Authors: Lim Chee Kuan , Zainol Zurinahni , Omar Bahiyah , Ibrahim Noor Farizah
Published: May 2023

There is an “Infodemic” of COVID-19 in which there are a lot of rumours and information disorders spreading rapidly, the purpose of the study is to build a predictive model for identifying whether the COVID-19 information in the Malay language in Malaysia is real or fake. Under the study of COVID-19 fake news detection, the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) is used to generate synthetic instances of real news in the training set after natural language processing (NLP) and before data modelling because the number of fake news is approximately three times greater than that of real news. Logistic regression, Naïve Bayes, decision trees, support vector machines, random forests, and gradient boosting are employed and compared to determine the most suitable predictive model. In short, the gradient-boosting classifier model has the highest value of accuracy and F1-score.
Supplementary Table S2 from Nucleophosmin Plays a Role in Repairing DNA Damage and Is a Target for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Sekhar Konjeti R. , Freeman Michael L.
Published: May 2023

The relationship between NPM1 dependency and cell line metastatic propensity, determined from genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screens (https://depmap.org/portal/interactive). A score of zero indicates that a gene is not essential. Common essential genes have a median score of -1. A lower score indicates that a gene is more likely to be dependent in a given cell line.
Supplementary Table S1 from Nucleophosmin Plays a Role in Repairing DNA Damage and Is a Target for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Sekhar Konjeti R. , Freeman Michael L.
Published: May 2023

The relationship between cancer cell line viability and NPM1 dependency, determined from genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screens (https://depmap.org/portal/interactive). A score of zero indicates that a gene is not essential. Common essential genes have a median score of -1. A lower score indicates that a gene is more likely to be dependent in a given cell line.
Supplementary Data Legends from Nucleophosmin Plays a Role in Repairing DNA Damage and Is a Target for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Sekhar Konjeti R. , Freeman Michael L.
Published: May 2023

Legends for Supplementary Tables
A Rare Subset of Primary Tumor Cells with Concomitant Hyperactivation of Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and dsRNA-IFN1 Signaling Metastasizes in Breast Cancer
Authors: Roda Niccolò , Cossa Andrea , Hillje Roman , Tirelli Andrea , Ruscitto Federica , Cheloni Stefano , Priami Chiara , Dalmasso Alberto , Gambino Valentina , Blandano Giada , Polazzi Andrea , Falvo Paolo , Gatti Elena , Mazzarella Luca , Luzi Lucilla , Migliaccio Enrica , Pelicci Pier Giuseppe
Published: May 2023

Metastatic breast cancer has a poor prognosis and is largely considered incurable. A better understanding of the molecular determinants of breast cancer metastasis could facilitate development of improved prevention and treatment strategies. We used lentiviral barcoding coupled to single-cell RNA sequencing to trace clonal and transcriptional evolution during breast cancer metastasis and showed that metastases derive from rare prometastatic clones that are underrepresented in primary tumors. Both low clonal fitness and high metastatic potential were independent of clonal origin. Differential expression and classification analyses revealed that the prometastatic phenotype was acquired by rare cells characterized by the concomitant hyperactivation of extracellular matrix remodeling and dsRNA-IFN signaling pathways. Notably, genetic silencing of key genes in these pathways (KCNQ1OT1 or IFI6, respectively) significantly impaired migration in vitro and metastasis in vivo, with marginal effects on cell proliferation and tumor growth. Gene expression signatures derived from the identified prometastatic genes predict metastatic progression in patients with breast cancer, independently of known prognostic factors. This study elucidates previously unknown mechanisms of breast cancer metastasis and provides prognostic predictors and therapeutic targets for metastasis prevention.

Significance:

Transcriptional lineage tracing coupled with single-cell transcriptomics defined the transcriptional programs underlying metastatic progression in breast cancer, identifying prognostic signatures and prevention strategies.
Supplementary Table S4 from The Association of Neighborhood Characteristics and Frailty in Childhood Cancer Survivors: A Report from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study
Authors: Schwartz Lindsay F. , Dhaduk Rikeenkumar , Howell Carrie R. , Brinkman Tara M. , Ehrhardt Matthew J. , Delaney Angela , Srivastava Deo Kumar , Lanctot Jennifer Q. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Robison Leslie L. , Hudson Melissa M. , Ness Kirsten K. , Henderson Tara O.
Published: May 2023

Supplementary Table S4 shows the data output from nested logistic regression models A (neighborhood score as only predictor of pre-frailty/frailty), B (added chronic health conditions), C (added individual health behaviors), D (added demographics and treatment exposures), and E (added individual socioeconomic factors)
Supplementary Figure 1 from The Impact of Improved Treatments on Survival of Adult U.S. Leukemia Patients: 1990–2018
Authors: Howlader Nadia , Sharon Elad , Bhattacharya Manami , Ehrlich Lori A. , Richardson Nicholas C. , Gormley Nicole J. , de Claro R. Angelo , Wood Amy E. , Mariotto Angela B. , Cronin Kathleen A.
Published: May 2023

Supplementary Figure 1: Trends in Mortality by Leukemia Subtypes and Race Ethnicity. Total US 1992-2018. Results are shown for mortality trends for CML (panel A), ALL (panel B), and CLL (panel C), 1992-2018. For each panel, we show age-adjusted mortality rates by five mutually exclusive race-ethnicity categories: non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Asian Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaskan Natives, and Hispanic.
Supplementary Figure S1 from The Association of Neighborhood Characteristics and Frailty in Childhood Cancer Survivors: A Report from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study
Authors: Schwartz Lindsay F. , Dhaduk Rikeenkumar , Howell Carrie R. , Brinkman Tara M. , Ehrhardt Matthew J. , Delaney Angela , Srivastava Deo Kumar , Lanctot Jennifer Q. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Robison Leslie L. , Hudson Melissa M. , Ness Kirsten K. , Henderson Tara O.
Published: May 2023

Supplementary Figure S1: Geographic location of study participants (N=3806). In this map, each red dot indicates the address of each participant recorded at intake and geocoded for this study.
Data from The Impact of Improved Treatments on Survival of Adult U.S. Leukemia Patients: 1990–2018
Authors: Howlader Nadia , Sharon Elad , Bhattacharya Manami , Ehrlich Lori A. , Richardson Nicholas C. , Gormley Nicole J. , de Claro R. Angelo , Wood Amy E. , Mariotto Angela B. , Cronin Kathleen A.
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroduction:
Molecularly targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are effective treatments for B-cell receptor (BCR)-ABL–bearing leukemias. We evaluated the impact of TKIs on historical chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) mortality trends compared with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and chronic lymphoblastic leukemia (CLL).
Methods:
Because mortality trends reflect combined effects of leukemia incidence and survival, we also evaluated the contribution of incidence and survival trends to mortality trends by subtypes. We used data from 13 U.S. (SEER) registries (1992–2017) among U.S. adults. We utilized histology codes to identify cases of CML, ALL, and CLL and death certificate data to calculate mortality. We used Joinpoint to characterize incidence (1992–2017) and mortality (1992–2018) trends by subtype and diagnosis year.
Results:
For CML, mortality rates started declining in 1998 at an average rate of 12% annually. Imatinib was approved by the FDA for treating CML and ALL in 2001, leading to clear benefits for patients with CML. Five-year CML survival increased dramatically over time, especially between 1996 to 2011, 2.3% per year on average. ALL incidence increased 1.5% annually from 1992 to 2017. ALL mortality decreased 0.6% annually during 1992 to 2012 and then stopped declining. CLL incidence fluctuated during 1992 to 2017 while mortality decreased 1.1% annually during 1992 to 2011 and at a faster rate of 3.6% per year from 2011. Five-year survival increased 0.7% per year on average during 1992 to 2016.
Conclusions:
Survival benefit from TKIs and other novel therapies for treating leukemia subtypes has been demonstrated in clinical trials.
Impact:
Our study highlights the impact of molecularly targeted therapies at the population level.
Table S7 from Clinical Importance of the lncRNA NEAT1 in Cancer Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Toker Joseph , Iorgulescu J. Bryan , Ling Alexander L. , Villa Genaro R. , Gadet Josephina A.M.A. , Parida Laxmi , Getz Gad , Wu Catherine J. , Reardon David A. , Chiocca E. Antonio , Mineo Marco
Published: May 2023

Genes enriched in NEAT1-high glioblastoma tumor cells
Supplementary Methods S1 from Proinflammatory Macrophage Activation by the Polysialic Acid-Siglec-16 Axis Is Linked to Increased Survival of Patients with Glioblastoma
Authors: Thiesler Hauke , Gretenkort Lina , Hoffmeister Leonie , Albers Iris , Ohlmeier Luisa , Röckle Iris , Verhagen Andrea , Banan Rouzbeh , Köpcke Nora , Krönke Nicole , Feuerhake Friedrich , Behling Felix , Barrantes-Freer Alonso , Mielke Dorothee , Rohde Veit , Hong Bujung , Varki Ajit , Schwabe Kerstin , Krauss Joachim K. , Stadelmann Christine , Hartmann Christian , Hildebrandt Herbert
Published: May 2023

Supplementary Methods
Supplementary Figure S6 from Proinflammatory Macrophage Activation by the Polysialic Acid-Siglec-16 Axis Is Linked to Increased Survival of Patients with Glioblastoma
Authors: Thiesler Hauke , Gretenkort Lina , Hoffmeister Leonie , Albers Iris , Ohlmeier Luisa , Röckle Iris , Verhagen Andrea , Banan Rouzbeh , Köpcke Nora , Krönke Nicole , Feuerhake Friedrich , Behling Felix , Barrantes-Freer Alonso , Mielke Dorothee , Rohde Veit , Hong Bujung , Varki Ajit , Schwabe Kerstin , Krauss Joachim K. , Stadelmann Christine , Hartmann Christian , Hildebrandt Herbert
Published: May 2023

Antibody array detection of cytokines and chemokines