bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Focal Plane Shift Imaging for the Analysis of Multi-Droplet Jumping
Authors: Cha Hyeongyun , Chun Jae Min , Xu Yuehan , Miljkovic Nenad
Published: January 2017

High speed images of coalescence induced three-droplet jumping on a nanostructured superhydrophobic carbon nanotube (CNT) surface are presented (θaapp ≈ 173º). When two or more droplets coalesce on a nanostructured superhydrophobic surface, the resulting droplet can jump away from the surface due to the release of excess surface energy. To more easily study the jumping phenomena, we have developed focal plane shift imaging (FPSI) to determine both jumping speed and direction. Figure 1(a) shows a schematic of the FPSI concept. A high speed camera was attached to an upright optical microscope, and samples were horizontally mounted on a cold stage. Initial conditions were obtained by moving the focal plane to be coincident with the middle of the droplets prior to coalescence (Figure 1b). Then the focal plane was shifted above the droplets by a known distance (Figure 1c), followed by measurement of the time taken for the jumping droplet to pass through the shifted focal plane (Figure 1d). By analyzing the initial and final conditions of the departing droplet for multiple three-droplet coalescence events, the three-droplet jumping droplet speed was determined (Figure 2b). Experimentally measured jumping speeds determined by the FPSI imaging technique show good agreement with three-droplet inertial capillary scaling (Figure 2b, dotted line, equation inset). The FPSI visualization technique provides a novel imaging platform for the study of complex multi-droplet jumping-droplet phenomena.
Orientation Effects on Pool Boling of Microporous Coating in Water
Authors: Jun Seongchul , Kim Jinsub , Kim Hwan Yeol , You Seung M.
Published: January 2017

Copper HTCMC (High-temperature, Thermally Conductive Microporous Coating) with a coating thickness of ~300 µm was created by sintering 67 µm copper particles onto a flat copper surface. This was shown to be the optimum particle size and thickness combination, in terms of boiling heat transfer enhancement with water, during a prior pool boiling study conducted by Jun et al. [1]. The effects of orientation of pool boiling heat transfer in saturated distilled water at 1 atm were tested experimentally and compared with a plain copper surface. An SEM image (top left) shows the porous structure of HTCMC demonstrating reentrant cavities which promote nucleate boiling and lead to significant critical heat flux (CHF) enhancement compared to the plain copper surface (top right). The nucleate boiling incipience heat flux of HTCMC was demonstrated to be 5 kW/m2, which was an 8x reduction when compared to a plain copper surface which was found to have an incipience heat flux of 40 kW/m2. At this same 40 kW/m2 heat flux, the activated nucleation site density of HTCMC was extremely high, and each bubble appeared much smaller compared to a plain surface. This can be seen in the first row of images, captured with a high speed camera at 2,000 fps. The bubble growth times and departing bubble sizes of 0° and 90° are comparable for both HTCMC and plain surfaces with the order of 10 milliseconds and 100 micrometers. However, when oriented at 180°, the bubble growth time was the order of 100 milliseconds for both HTCMC and plain surface, and the departing bubble size was the order of 10 millimeters. This is due to the growth of a large bubble which coalesced with adjacent bubbles to become a relatively huge bubble which was stretched by buoyance forces before the bubble departed.
Flow Visualization inside Thermosyphon for Measuring Heat Transfer Limit
Authors: Lee Jungho , Park Jaebum , Kim Jinsub , You Seung M.
Published: January 2017

Heat pipe is a highly effective passive heat transfer device using phase change within small temperature difference. It is noted that heat pipe should be operated under heat transfer limit for practical heat pipe heat exchanger applications. The measurement in local and overall heat transfer coefficient is significant to anticipate the heat transfer limit. The wall temperatures and inner working fluid temperatures were measured to determine the heat transfer coefficient. The adiabatic part with transparent Pyrex glass was visualized to understand flow behaviors inside the thermosyphon. The dynamic behaviors of condensed working fluid were visualized for the specific tilted angle and power inputs at pseudo steady-state. At low heat input of 250W, the thin condensed liquid film is observed to be returned from condenser to evaporator. With increasing heat input of 500W, the nucleate boiling starts to occur in evaporator. More activated vapors turn to make wavy motion in free surface of the returned condensed liquid film which is thickened. In power input of 1,250W, the vigorous flow motion happens periodically and the interaction between vapor and liquid bursting reaches a maximum heat transfer which is led to the heat transfer limit in the thermosyphon. Over heat transfer limit (2,000 and 2,500W), the overall heat transfer is decreased when the degree of bursting motion between vapor and liquid is gradually reduced.
3D Printing of Spark-Ignited Flame Kernels, Experimentally Captured by 3D-Computer Tomography and Multi-Directional Schlieren Photography
Authors: Ishino Yojiro , Hayashi Naoki , Ishiko Yuta , Nagase Kimihiro , Kakimoto Kazuma , Nazari Ahmad Zaid , Saiki Yu
Published: January 2017

Non-scanning 3D-CT(Computer Tomography) technique employing a multi-directional quantitative schlieren photographic system with flash light source, has been performed to obtain instantaneous density distributions of spark-ignited laminar / turbulent flame kernels. For simultaneous schlieren photography, the custom-made 20-directional schlieren camera was constructed and used. The concept of the multi-directional shclieren system is shown in top-right figure. Each quantitative schlieren optical system, indicated in top-left figure, is characterized by a rectangular-shaped right source with uniform luminosity. Middle-left picture gives the appearance of the multi-directional schlieren camera. The flame kernels are made by spark ignition for a fuel-rich propane-air premixed gas (flow velocity :1.0 m/s, equivalence ratio :1.4 ). Spark electrodes of 0.4 mm diameter with 1.0 mm gap are used. First, development of laminar flame kernel is indicated in high-speed images of middle-right figure. 3D printed model of the CT reconstruction result (left in bottom-left photograph) shows the spherical shape of flame kernel with a pair of deep wrinkles. The wrinkle is considered to be caused by spark electrodes. Next turbulent flame kernel behind turbulence promoting grid is selected (turbulence intensity 0.26 m/s). The high-speed images of bottom-right figures show corrugated flame shape. 3D model of CT result (right in bottom-left photo.) expresses the instantaneous 3D turbulent flame kernel shapes. These 3D solid models based on 3D-CT reconstructed data of 2 ms, are 3D-printed as 2 times large size for threshold density level of 0.7 kg/m3.
Analysis of Fan Stage Conceptual Design Attributes for Boundary Layer Ingestion
Authors: Hall D. K. , Greitzer E. M. , Tan C. S.
Published: January 2017

This paper describes a new conceptual framework for three-dimensional turbomachinery flow analysis and its use to assess fan stage attributes for mitigating adverse effects of inlet distortion due to boundary layer ingestion (BLI). A nonaxisymmetric throughflow analysis has been developed to define fan flow with inlet distortion. The turbomachinery is modeled using momentum and energy source distributions that are determined as a function of local flow conditions and specified blade camber surface geometry. Comparison with higher-fidelity computational and experimental results shows the analysis captures the principal flow redistribution and distortion transfer effects associated with BLI. Distortion response is assessed for a range of (i) design flow and stagnation enthalpy rise coefficients, (ii) rotor spanwise work profiles, (iii) rotor–stator spacings, and (iv) nonaxisymmetric stator geometries. Of the approaches examined, nonaxisymmetric stator geometry and increased stage flow and stagnation enthalpy rise coefficients provide the greatest reductions in rotor flow nonuniformity, and may offer the most potential for mitigating performance loss due to BLI inlet distortion.
System-Level Performance of Microturbines With an Inside-Out Ceramic Turbine
Authors: Kochrad Nidal , Courtois Nicolas , Charette Miguel , Picard Benoit , Landry-Blais Alexandre , Rancourt David , Plante Jean-Sébastien , Picard Mathieu
Published: January 2017

Ceramic turbines can reduce fuel consumption by increasing turbine inlet temperatures (TIT). The need for heat-resistant materials like ceramics is particularly acute for small turbomachines for which efficiencies are limited by the use of uncooled metal turbine as complex cooling schemes are impractical and costly. Efforts to introduce ceramics in the turbine rotor were made between the 1960s and the 1990s by gas turbines and automotive manufacturers in the U.S., Europe, and Japan. While significant progress was made, a suitable level of reliability still cannot be achieved as the brittleness of ceramics leads to crack propagation in the blades loaded in tension and catastrophic failure. The inside-out ceramic turbine (ICT) is a design alternative specific to ceramics that loads the blades in compression by using an outer, air-cooled composite rim that sustains the centrifugal loads. This paper provides an analytical model based on the Brayton cycle to compute the system-level performance of microturbines using an ICT. Loss submodels specific to ICT architectures are developed to account for: (1) composite rim drag, (2) composite rim cooling, (3) leakage through rotating seals, and (4) expansion heat losses. The thermodynamic core model is validated against three state-of-the-art, non-inside-out, microturbines. Based on a Monte Carlo simulation that takes into account the modeling uncertainties, the model predicts a cycle efficiency of 45±1% for a 240 kW ICT-based microturbine, leading to a predicted reduction in fuel consumption of 20% over current all-metal microturbines.
Control of meiotic pairing and recombination by chromosomally tethered 26
S
proteasome
Authors: Ahuja Jasvinder S. , Sandhu Rima , Mainpal Rana , Lawson Crystal , Henley Hanna , Hunt Patricia A. , Yanowitz Judith L. , Börner G. Valentin
Published: January 2017

Proteasomes and SUMO wrestle chromosomes

Meiosis is the double cell division that generates haploid gametes from diploid parental cells. Pairing of homologous chromosomes during the first meiotic division ensures that each gamete receives a complete set of chromosomes. The proteasome, on the other hand, is a molecular machine that degrades proteins tagged for destruction within the cell (see the Perspective by Zetka). Ahuja
et al.
show that the proteasome is also involved in ensuring that homologous chromosomes pair with each other during meiosis. Rao
et al.
show that the SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) protein, ubiquitin, and the proteasome localize to the axes between homologous chromosomes. In this location, they help mediate chromosome pairing and recombination between homologs.

Science
, this issue p.
349
, p.
408
; see also p.
403
Time-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy with a water window high-harmonic source
Authors: Pertot Yoann , Schmidt Cédric , Matthews Mary , Chauvet Adrien , Huppert Martin , Svoboda Vit , von Conta Aaron , Tehlar Andres , Baykusheva Denitsa , Wolf Jean-Pierre , Wörner Hans Jakob
Published: January 2017

An x-ray view of C–F and S–F bond breaks

X-ray absorption spectroscopy is a useful probe of element-specific dynamics in molecular reactions. However, the required x-ray fluxes have rarely been available outside expensive dedicated facilities such as synchrotrons. Pertot
et al.
developed a tabletop laser-based high-harmonic source that extends far enough into the x-ray region to probe carbon K-edge and sulfur L-edge absorptions with femtosecond temporal resolution. They used this source to track the previously elusive dissociative dynamics of gaseous carbon tetrafluoride and sulfur hexafluoride after laser-induced ionization.

Science
, this issue p.
264
Whole-Genome Sequences and Classification of Streptococcus agalactiae Strains Isolated from Laboratory-Reared Long-Evans Rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Bodi Winn C. , Dzink-Fox J. , Feng Y. , Shen Z. , Bakthavatchalu V. , Fox J. G.
Published: January 2017

In collaboration with the CDC’s
Streptococcus
Laboratory, we report here the whole-genome sequences of seven
Streptococcus agalactiae
bacteria isolated from laboratory-reared Long-Evans rats. Four of the
S. agalactiae
isolates were associated with morbidity accompanied by endocarditis, metritis, and fatal septicemia, providing an opportunity for comparative genomic analysis of this opportunistic pathogen.
Draft Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus aureus 1608, a Strain That Caused Toxic Mastitis in Twin Cows
Authors: Stevens Marc J. A. , Stephan Roger , Johler Sophia
Published: January 2017

Staphylococcus aureus
1608 is a strain that caused a lethal mastitis in cows. Here, the draft genome sequence of the strain is presented.
Pulmonary tuberculosis presenting as post-operative fever of unknown origin
Authors: Bogue Patrick , Bolland Mhairi , How Peter , Benziger Harrison
Published: January 2017

Post-operative fever is common following emergency surgery. Investigation and management of post-operative fever can be challenging when a clear source of sepsis is not evident or the underlying source of infection is not recognised. We herein report a case of secondary pulmonary tuberculosis presenting as post-operative fever following emergency laparotomy for a perforated duodenal ulcer. This case of tuberculosis was diagnosed on day 41 post-operatively and prior inconclusive results meant that we relied mainly on re-visiting history and examination in order to identify 3 targeted investigations: plain chest X-ray, sputum sample and blood test. Accordingly, the co-management of this complex patient achieved a good outcome.
Spontaneous rupture of renal angiomyolipoma during pregnancy
Authors: Ao Li , Ogasahara Eriko , Okuda Yasuhiko , Hirata Shuji
Published: January 2017

A renal angiomyolipoma (AML) is a rare benign tumour of kidney origin. Pregnancy is known to be associated with an increased risk of tumour rupture causing hypovolaemic shock, which is usually managed surgically or through an embolisation procedure. However, having surgery during pregnancy predisposes the mother to a preterm delivery, and the unknown influences of radiation exposure to the fetus make the management of such cases very challenging. A 30-year-old pregnant woman had a sudden onset of gross haematuria at the 20th week of her pregnancy. The MRI showed a 10 cm mass suggestive of AML in the left kidney, with evidence of an intrarenal haematoma. To avoid an iatrogenic preterm delivery and unnecessary fetal exposure to radiation, conservative management was conducted until 34 weeks of gestation, when she came to our hospital reporting of flank pain. An endovascular treatment was performed immediately after an emergency caesarean delivery.
Epirubicin extravasation: consequences of delayed management
Authors: Hale Olivia , Deutsch Peter George , Lahiri Anindya
Published: January 2017

Epirubicin is an anthracycline chemotherapy agent used for treatment of several cancers including oesophageal, breast and gastric. Extravasation is a well-recognised and serious complication of any intravenous therapies but especially chemotherapeutic agents. Signs of the injury can be subtle and without prompt recognition and treatment there can be extensive tissue damage and depending on location of injury this can result in significant functional loss. In this article, a case of delayed management of epirubicin extravasation from a cannula situated at the dorsum of the hand is discussed. Successful surgical reconstruction of the resulting substantial tissue damage using a radial forearm flap 21 days following injury is described.
Dieulafoy's lesion of the oesophagus: a case series and literature review
Authors: Inayat Faisal , Ullah Waqas , Hussain Qulsoom , Hurairah Abu
Published: January 2017

Dieulafoy's lesion is a vascular abnormality consisting of a tortuous, dilated aberrant submucosal vessel that erodes the overlying mucosal layer without ulceration. The oesophagus is a very rare location for the lesion. Herein, we report a case series of 3 patients who presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopy was performed, which showed a large calibre-persistent tortuous submucosal artery protruding into the oesophageal lumen. All the patients were successfully managed with endoscopic intervention using epinephrine injection around the lesion followed by hemoclip application. The present paper highlights the remarkably rare occurrence of oesophageal Dieulafoy's lesion and reviews the pathophysiology, epidemiology and management with a focus on diagnostic challenge encountered in such patients.
Indigenous rapid diagnostic technology for antibiotic susceptibility testing in urinary tract infection: from bench side to bedside
Authors: Kapur Suman , Gupta Shivni
Published: January 2017

Infectious diseases are a significant burden on global economies and public health. There are indeed more deaths due to infections than cancer demonstrating that it is high time to pay attention to the escalating bacterial enemy. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) pose a serious health problem affecting millions of people each year with total cost for treatment being in billions of dollars. A large share of that expense and inappropriate use of antimicrobials comes from a 48 hours wait for the infected sample to be cultured in the laboratory and tested for antibiotic sensitivity (AST). The current study presents an ultra-rapid point-of-care system for determining AST of pathogens found in human urine leading to UTI. Sensitivity and specificity of the new test for antibiotic susceptibility was found to be 0.94 and 0.97, respectively. The results of AST using the new test are available in 4 hours as compared with 48–72 hours of conventional methods. Availability of this rapid assay will obliterate the need for empirical treatment in case of UTI-like infectious diseases and lead to specific and most appropriate treatment at the earliest ensuring healthcare to all. Further as the result of cultures are available in ∼4 hours this test facilitates de-escalation necessary for the containment of bacterial resistance, favours targeted patient therapy with reduced antimicrobial spectrum of action of prescribed antibiotics and, consequently, lowers the cost of treatment significantly.
EpideMiology and control measures of outBreaks due to Antibiotic-Resistant orGanisms in EurOpe (EMBARGO): a systematic review protocol
Authors: Nithya Babu Rajendran , Gladstone Beryl Primrose , Rodríguez-Baño Jesús , Sifakis Frangiscos , Voss Andreas , Carmeli Yehuda , Burkert Francesco Robert , Gkolia Panagiota , Tacconelli Evelina
Published: January 2017

Introduction

Improving our understanding of outbreaks due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and their control is critical in the current public health scenario. The threat of outbreaks due to ARB requires multifaceted efforts. However, a global overview of epidemiological characteristics of outbreaks due to ARB and effective infection control measures is missing. In this paper, we describe the protocol of a systematic review aimed at mapping and characterising the epidemiological aspects of outbreaks due to ARB and infection control measures in European countries.

Methods and analysis

The databases MEDLINE, Web of Knowledge and Cochrane library will be searched using a 3-step search strategy. Selection of articles for inclusion will be performed by 2 reviewers using predefined eligibility criteria. All study designs will be included if they report an outbreak and define the microbiological methods used for microorganism identification. The target bacteria will be methicillin-resistant and vancomycin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistantEnterococcus, ceftazidime-resistant and carbapenem-resistantAcinetobacter baumannii, ceftazidime-resistant and carbapenem-resistantPseudomonas aeruginosa, ciprofloxacin-resistantEscherichia coli, extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producingE. coliandKlebsiella pneumoniae, carbapenem-resistant and carbapenamase-producingEnterobacteriaceae. Data will be extracted using a tailored pilot tested form and the quality of reporting will be assessed using the ORION (Outbreak Reports and Intervention Studies Of Nosocomial infections) tool. Data will be synthesised and reported by the type of ARB, setting and country. Infection control measures and bundles of measures will be described. The effectiveness will be reported as defined by the authors. Regression analysis will be used to define independent factors associated with outbreaks' control. Heterogeneity between studies will be assessed by forest plots and I² statistics.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not applicable for this study. Findings will be disseminated through journal publication and conference presentations and talks.
Lactobacillus reuteriDSM 17938 in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in children: protocol of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kołodziej Maciej , Szajewska Hania
Published: January 2017

Introduction

Administration of some probiotics appears to reduce the risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD). The effects of probiotics are strain-specific, thus, the efficacy and safety of each probiotic strain should be established separately. We aim to assess the effects ofLactobacillus reuteriDSM 17938 administration for the prevention of diarrhoea and AAD in children.

Methods and analysis

A total of 250 children younger than 18 years treated with antibiotics will be enrolled in a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in which they will additionally receiveL. reuteriDSM 17938 at a dose 108colony-forming units or an identically appearing placebo, orally, twice daily, for the entire duration of antibiotic treatment. The primary outcome measures will be the frequencies of diarrhoea and AAD. Diarrhoea will be defined according to 1 of 3 definitions: (1) ≥3 loose or watery stools per day for a minimum of 48 hours during antibiotic treatment; (2) ≥3 loose or watery stools per day for a minimum of 24 hours during antibiotic treatment; or (3) ≥2 loose or watery stools per day for a minimum of 24 hours during antibiotic treatment. AAD will be diagnosed in cases of diarrhoea, defined clinically as above, caused byClostridium difficileor for otherwise unexplained diarrhoea (ie, negative laboratory stool tests for infectious agents).

Ethics and dissemination

The Bioethics Committee approved the study protocol. The findings of this trial will be submitted to a peer-reviewed paediatric journal. Abstracts will be submitted to relevant national and international conferences.

Trial registration number

NCT02871908.
Comparison of oral and video debriefing and its effect on knowledge acquisition following simulation-based learning
Authors: Farooq Omer , Thorley-Dickinson Victoria A , Dieckmann Peter , Kasfiki Eirini V , Omer Rasha M I A , Purva Makani
Published: January 2017

Introduction

Learning from simulation takes place to a large extent in debriefing; however, there is still sparse knowledge about the advantages and disadvantages of debriefing methods. 2 common forms are video-assisted and oral only debriefing. We set out to determine if there is increased knowledge acquisition for candidates undergoing video, rather than oral debriefing.

Methods

Second year doctors were randomised to a training day with oral or video feedback. Candidates underwent an emergency clinical scenario followed by feedback. The candidates completed 30 multiple choice questions related to managing common clinical emergencies presimulation and postsimulation training.

Results

There was no significant difference in the postscore mean for the oral debriefing (128.3, SD 5.16) and video-assisted debriefing group (127.1, SD=5.96). There was significant interaction between precourse and postcourse scores with superior knowledge acquisition for candidates with lower precourse scores (p=0.008). The candidates with lowest precourse score showed significant improvement in the orally debriefed group in comparison to video debriefed group.

Discussion

Our results showed that video debriefing has equivocal effect to oral debriefing. Oral debriefing provides superior knowledge acquisition to learners with lower precourse test scores.
Temporal evolution of thoracocentesis-induced changes in spirometry and respiratory muscle pressures
Authors: Michaelides Stylianos A , Bablekos George D , Analitis Antonis , Ionas George , Bakakos Petros , Charalabopoulos Konstantinos A
Published: January 2017

Background

Several studies investigated the effects of thoracocentesis on aspects of respiratory function without generally ensuring absence of coexistent lung pathology or homogeneity in initial size of the effusion.

Methods

We studied 90 patients aged 61.6±15.9 years (mean±SD) separated into a group A with small-sized or medium-sized effusion (A=56 patients) and a group B with large and massive one (B=34 patients). There was no significant lung lesion or cardiovascular pathology. The basic spirometric parameters and maximal respiratory pressures were recorded on three instances: just before thoracocentesis (T1), 30 min after completion of the procedure (T2) and after 48 hours (T3).

Results

At T2 vs T1, groups A and B respectively presented significant change (mean±SD) (increase) in forced vital capacity (FVC) of 0.071±0.232 and 0.139±0.224 L, in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) of 0.127±0.231 and 0.201±0.192 L, in FEV1/FVC of 2.8% and 4.9%, in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) of 0.342±0.482 and 0.383±0.425 L/s, in maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) of 0.049±0.037 and 0.049±0.039 kPa and in maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) of 0.040±0.041 kPa only in group A while decrease in MIP with significant change of 0.055±0.051 kPa in group B. At T3 vs T2 in groups A and B, there was significant change (decrease) in FEV1/FVC of 2.7% and 4.6% as well as significant change (increase) in MIP of 0.036±0.046 and 0.115±0.060 and in MEP of 0.049±0.043 and 0.070±0.048 kPa.

Conclusions

Thoracocentesis is associated with progressive-small relative to the volume of fluid removed-increases in lung volumes. In larger effusions at T2, a transient decrease in MIP is observed presumably due to temporary geometric distortion of the diaphragm immediately after fluid removal.
Theiler's disease
Authors: Sturgeon Ben
Published: January 2017

Ben Sturgeon discusses Theiler's disease, one of the most common causes of acute hepatitis in horses.
Evaluation of species distribution forecasts: a potential predictive tool for reducing incidental catch in pelagic fisheries
Authors: Turner Sara M. , Hare Jonathan A. , Manderson John P. , Richardson David E. , Hoey John J.
Published: January 2017

Nontarget catch restrictions are becoming common in fisheries management. We test a potential tool for reducing nontargeted catch that combines species’ distribution models and ocean forecast models. We evaluated our approach for Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus), Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus), alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), and blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis). Catch of the latter two species is capped in commercial fisheries of the former two species. Ocean forecasts were derived from a data-assimilative ocean forecast model that predicts conditions 0–2 days into the future. Observed oceanographic conditions were derived from CTD casts and observed fish presence–absence was derived from fishery-independent bottom trawl collections. Species distribution models were used to predict presence–absence based on observed and forecasted oceanographic conditions, and predictions for both were very similar. Thus, most of the error in predicted distributions was generated by the species distribution models, not the oceanographic forecast model. Understanding how predictions based on forecasted conditions compare with predictions from observed conditions is key to developing an incidental catch forecast tool to help industry reduce nontarget catches.
F-string solution in AdS4 ×𝒞𝒫3 pp-wave background
Authors: Banerjee Gourav , Panda Binata
Published: January 2017

We present supergravity solution for F-string in pp-wave background obtained from [Formula: see text] with zero flat direction. The classical solution is shown to break all space–time supersymmetries. We explicitly write down the standard as well as supernumerary Killing spinors both for the background and F-string solution.
An Artificial Compressibility Method for 3D Phase-Field Model and its Application to Two-Phase Flows
Authors: Shah Abdullah , Saeed Sadia , Yuan L.
Published: January 2017

In this work, a numerical scheme based on artificial compressibility formulation of a phase-field model is developed for simulating two-phase incompressible flow problems. The coupled nonlinear systems composed of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations and volume preserving Allen–Cahn-type phase-field equation are recast into conservative form with source terms, which are suited to implement high-resolution schemes originally developed for hyperbolic conservation laws. The Boussinesq approximation is used to account for the buoyancy effect in flow with small density difference. The fifth-order weighted essentially nonoscillatory (WENO) scheme is used for discretizing the convective terms while dual-time stepping (DTS) technique is used for obtaining time accuracy at each physical time step. Beam–Warming approximate factorization scheme is utilized to obtain block tridiagonal system of equations in each spatial direction. The alternating direction implicit (ADI) algorithm is used to solve the resulting system of equations. The performance of the method is demonstrated by its application to some 2D and 3D benchmark viscous two-phase flow problems.
An Efficient Local RBF Meshless Scheme for Steady Convection–Diffusion Problems
Authors: Barik Nikunja Bihari , Sekhar T. V. S.
Published: January 2017

The efficiency of any numerical scheme measures on the accuracy of the scheme and its computational time. In this work, an efficient augmented local radial basis function finite difference (RBF-FD) scheme has been developed for steady convection–diffusion problems. The accommodative full approximation scheme–full multigrid (FAS-FMG) analogy with local refinement is adopted to achieve this efficiency. The efficiency of the method is illustrated through linear convection–diffusion equation, coupled nonlinear equation and for the incompressible Navier–Stokes (NS) equations. Numerical studies are made by using multiquadric (MQ) RBF. The upwind type nodes are considered to handle convective terms effectively for NS equations. The developed scheme saves 70–80% of the CPU time for the first two model problems and at least 50% of the CPU time for NS equations than the usual RBF-FD method found in the literature. It is found that there are optimum sets of nodes which give accurate and stable solution. It is also found that the value of the shape parameter will be lower when the number of nodes is higher. But higher the value of Re, higher will be the shape parameter.
Processing Affect in Social Media
Authors: Meo Rosa , Sulis Emilio
Published: January 2017

Emotion analysis in social media is challenging. While most studies focus on positive and negative sentiments, the differentiation between emotions is more difficult. We investigate the problem as a collection of binary classification tasks on the basis of four opposing emotion pairs provided by Plutchik. We processed the content of messages by three alternative methods: structural and lexical features, latent factors, and natural language processing. The final prediction is suggested by classifiers deriving from the state of the art in machine learning. Results are convincing in the possibility to distinguish the emotions pairs in social media.
Other-Condemning Moral Emotions
Authors: Dastani Mehdi , Pankov Alexander
Published: January 2017

This article studies and analyzes three other-condemning moral emotions: anger, contempt, and disgust. We utilize existing psychological theories—appraisal theories of emotion and the CAD triad hypothesis—and incorporate them into a unified framework. A semiformal specification of the elicitation conditions and prototypical coping strategies for the other-condemning emotions are proposed. The appraisal conditions are specified in terms of cognitive and social concepts such as goals, beliefs, actions, control and accountability, while coping strategies are classified as belief-, goal- and intention-affecting strategies, and specified in terms of action specifications. Our conceptual analysis and semiformal specification of the three other-condemning moral emotions are illustrated by means of an example of trolling in the domain of social media.
Brains or Beauty
Authors: Yuksel Beste F. , Collisson Penny , Czerwinski Mary
Published: January 2017

Software-based agents are becoming increasingly ubiquitous and automated. However, current technology and algorithms are still fallible, which considerably affects users’ trust and interaction with such agents. In this article, we investigate two factors that can engender user trust in agents: reliability and attractiveness of agents. We show that agent reliability is not more important than agent attractiveness. Subjective user ratings of agent trust and perceived accuracy suggest that attractiveness may be even more important than reliability.
Variability and Complexity in Software Design
Authors: Galster Matthias , Zdun Uwe , Weyns Danny , Rabiser Rick , Zhang Bo , Goedicke Michael , Perrouin Gilles
Published: January 2017

Many of today's software systems accommodate different usage and deployment scenarios. Intentional and unintentional variability in functionality or quality attributes (e.g., performance) of software significantly increases the complexity of the problem and design space of those systems. The complexity caused by variability becomes increasingly difficult to handle due to the increasing size of software systems, new and emerging application domains, dynamic operating conditions under which software systems have to operate, fast moving and highly competitive markets, and more powerful and versatile hardware. This paper reports results of the first International Workshop on Variability and Complexity in Software Design that brought together researchers and engineers interested in the topic of complexity and variability. It also outlines directions the field might move in the future
Symbolic Arrays in Symbolic PathFinder
Authors: Fromherz Aymeric , Luckow Kasper S. , Păsăreanu Corina S.
Published: January 2017

Symbolic Execution is a program analysis technique used to increase software reliability. Modern software often manipulate complex data structures, many of which being similar to arrays. We present a novel approach and implementation in Symbolic PathFinder for handling symbolic arrays in Java. It enables analyzing a broader class of programs that manipulates arrays. We also extend the Symbolic Pathfinder testcase generation to support numeric arrays.
Releasing the PSYCO
Authors: Mues Malte , Howar Falk , Luckow Kasper , Kahsai Temesghen , Rakamarić Zvonimir
Published: January 2017

The Java PathFinder extension Psyco generates interfaces of Java components using a combination of dynamic symbolic execution and automata learning to explore different combinations of method invocations on a component. Such interfaces are useful in contract-based compositional verification of component-based systems. Psyco relies on testing for validating learned interfaces and currently cannot guarantee that a generated interface is correct. Instead, it simply returns the most recent learned interface once a user-defined time limit is exceeded. In this paper, we report on work that was performed during the 2016 Google Summer of Code. The aim of this work is to extend Psyco with symbolic search. During symbolic search, Psyco uses fully symbolic method summaries for exploring the state space of a component symbolically. We plan to eventually use symbolic search to compute a termination criterion for Psyco that guarantees the correctness of learned interfaces (e.g., by using symbolic search as a basis for symbolically model-checking a component against a learned interface)
Benchmarking and Comparison of Software Project Human Resource Allocation Optimization Approaches
Authors: Al Khatib Sultan M. , Noppen Joost
Published: January 2017

For the Staffing and Scheduling a Software Project (SSSP), one has to find an allocation of resources to tasks while considering parameters such skills and availability to identify the optimal delivery of the project. Many approaches have been proposed that solve SSSP tasks by representing them as optimization problems and applying optimization techniques and heuristics. However, these approaches tend to vary in the parameters they consider, such as skill and availability, as well as the optimization techniques, which means their accuracy, performance, and applicability can vastly differ, making it difficult to select the most suitable approach for the problem at hand. The fundamental reason for this lack of comparative material lies in the absence of a systematic evaluation method that uses a validation dataset to benchmark SSSP approaches. We introduce an evaluation process for SSSP approaches together with benchmark data to address this problem. In addition, we present the initial evaluation of five SSSP approaches. The results show that SSSP approaches solving identical challenges can differ in their computational time, preciseness of results and that our approach is capable of quantifying these differences. In addition, the results highlight that focused approaches generally outperform more sophisticated approaches for identical SSSP problems
Educating embedded systems hackers
Authors: Behere Sagar , Törngren Martin
Published: January 2017

Theoretical skills imparted during university education in Embedded Systems often surpass their practical counterpart. The contribution of this paper is a defined set of practical skills which bridge the gap between a sound theoretical education in embedded systems and the skillset acquired by experienced practitioners in the field. The presentation of each skill is accompanied by common solution patterns, state-of-practice technologies, and a set of exercises to provide practical uptake of each skill. The proposed skillset is based on consistent observations over the years, of graduating students performing "hands-on" projects; the proposed approach for imparting the skillset is motivated by experiences with Embedded Systems education at The Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Sweden.
Embedded systems education
Authors: Sami Mariagiovanna , Malek Miroslaw , Bondi Umberto , Regazzoni Francesco
Published: January 2017

The embedded systems world has radically changed since the first Embedded Systems Design Master studies were proposed. The spectrum of application areas has increased and the whole industrial ecosystem is changed, having SMEs emerged as major players. For these reasons, it becomes mandatory to reconsider the competences and capacities that should be provided in a Master of Science Program addressing Embedded Systems Design, so as to meet new and diverse requests that come from job market and prospective employers.

In this paper, we present the study we carried out to outline the revised professional profile for young Embedded Systems Designers, and we report the results of our exploration. To infer the competence of an ideal candidate, we carried out two experiments: we analyzed the competences listed in posted job offers and we interviewed a number of potential employers. Results obtained analyzing the collected data, demonstrate the importance of soft skills such as teamwork and communication, and confirm that programming, networking, real time and system architecture know-how are in demand. Our results are an important starting point for updating embedded systems design curricula.
Developing a first course on cyber-physical systems
Authors: Taha Walid , Zeng Yingfu , Duracz Adam , Fei Xu , Atkinson Kevin , Brauner Paul , Cartwright Robert , Philippsen Roland
Published: January 2017

Effective and creative Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) development requires expertise in disparate fields that have traditionally been taught in several distinct disciplines. At the same time, students seeking a CPS education generally come from diverse educational backgrounds. In this paper, we report on our recent experience of developing and teaching a course on CPS. The course addresses the following three questions: What are the core elements of CPS? How should these core concepts be integrated in the CPS design process? What types of modeling tools can assist in the design of Cyber-Physical Systems? Our experience with the first four offerings of the course has been positive overall. We also discuss the lessons we learned from some issues that were not handled well. All material including lecture notes and software used for the course are openly available online.
miR-211-5p Suppresses Metastatic Behavior by Targeting SNAI1 in Renal Cancer
Authors: Wang Kefeng , Jin Wei , Jin Peng , Fei Xiang , Wang Xia , Chen Xiaonan
Published: January 2017

The Snail family transcriptional repressor 1 (SNAI1) is known to promote metastatic phenotypes in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the mechanism by which SNAI1 promotes RCC metastasis remains largely unexplored. Here, bioinformatics and quantitative validation revealed that miR-211-5p was downregulated in metastatic RCC clinical specimens compared with nonmetastatic RCC tissues. Overexpression of miR-211-5p suppressed RCC cell migration and invasion via downregulation of SNAI1 expression. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that miR-211-5p directly targeted 3′-UTR of SNAI1. Furthermore, miR-211-5p decreased xenograft tumor weight and reduced in vivo tumor metastasis in mice. These findings indicate that miR-211-5p-mediated inhibition of SNAIL1 expression contributes to the suppression of RCC progression.

Implications: Targeting the miR-211-5p/SNAI1 signaling pathway may be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of RCC metastasis. Mol Cancer Res; 15(4); 448–56. ©2017 AACR.
Childhood Abuse History in Depression Predicts Better Response to Antidepressants with Higher Serotonin Transporter Affinity: A Pilot Investigation
Authors: Quilty Lena C. , Marshe Victoria , Lobo Daniela S.S. , Harkness Kate L. , Müller Daniel J. , Bagby R. Michael
Published: January 2017

Objectives: Childhood abuse is a powerful prognostic indicator in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) and is associated with numerous biological risk factors for depression. The purpose of this investigation was to explore if antidepressant medication affinity for the serotonin transporter moderates the association between childhood abuse and treatment response. Methods: Our sample included 52 outpatients with MDD who had received up to 26 weeks of pharmacotherapy, stratifying antidepressant medications with a high versus a low affinity for the serotonin transporter. Patients completed the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Beck Depression Inventory II, Home Environment Questionnaire, and Ontario Health Supplement: Child Abuse and Trauma Scale to assess depression and childhood abuse. Results: Medication class moderated the link between 3 indices of childhood abuse and treatment response such that higher levels of childhood abuse were associated with higher levels of depression severity after treatment only in those patients receiving antidepressant medications with a weak affinity for the serotonin transporter. Conclusions: This pilot study suggested that prolonged exposure to stress during childhood may result in biological vulnerabilities for depression, which may in turn be differentially targeted by pharmacological agents which target serotonin to a greater or lesser degree.
Unusual Duplication in the Pericentromeric Region of Chromosome 9 in a Patient with Phenotypic Alterations
Authors: Malinverni Andréa C.M. , Colovati Mileny E. , Perez Ana B.A. , Caneloi Thamy P. , Oliveira Jr. Hélio R. , Kosyakova Nadezda , Liehr Thomas , Hamid Ahmed B. , Melaragno Maria I.
Published: January 2017

Several alterations involving the pericentromeric region of chromosome 9 are considered as normal population variants. These heterochromatic variants or heteromorphisms can include 9qh+, 9cen+, 9ph+, 9ph-, inv(9)(p11q13), and other patterns which can only be defined by FISH studies. However, some heteromorphisms have been found more frequently in patients with several clinical disorders. Here, we report on a patient with intellectual disability, language and neurodevelopmental delay, as well as facial dysmorphism and an unusual chromosome 9. While the banding karyotype was indicative of a simple pericentric inversion of one chromosome 9 [46,XX,inv(9)(p12q13)], array comparative genomic hybridization showed a 6-Mb duplication, including 22 genes: arr[hg19] 9p13.1p11.2(38,869,901- 44,870,714)×3 dn. Molecular cytogenetics using a panel of probes specific for the pericentromeric region of chromosome 9 showed an unusual, rearranged chromosome 9, der(9)(pter→p11.2::q21.11→q12::p11.2→p13.2::q12→p11.2::q21.11→qter), that has not been described before. The patient's phenotypic alterations are probably due to the de novo 6-Mb 9p duplication, although a review of similar cases showed some reports considering this duplication in the euchromatic region as a benign variant. Interestingly, this is the first report of a possible adverse inversion loop formation due to a known heteromorphic pericentric inversion present in the phenotypically normal father of the patient.
Agenesis of the Gallbladder: Role of Clinical Suspicion and Magnetic Resonance to Avoid Unnecessary Surgery
Authors: Tagliaferri Eugenio , Bergmann Heinrich , Hammans Sebastian , Azizi Alireza , Stüber Eckhard , Seidlmayer Christoph
Published: January 2017

Isolated agenesis of the gallbladder is usually a rare asymptomatic anatomical variation, with an estimated incidence of 10–65 per 100,000. Females are more commonly affected (ratio 3: 1), with the disease typically presenting in the second or third decade of their life. Despite an absent gallbladder, half of the patients present with symptoms similar to biliary colic, which is poorly understood. The rarity of this condition combined with its clinical and radiological features often lead to a wrong preoperative diagnosis so that many patients undergo unnecessary operative intervention. Herein, we present the case of a 56-year-old female with a typical biliary colic who was diagnosed to have gallbladder agenesis. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography allowed correct treatment and prevented an unnecessary intervention.