bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oridonin induces apoptosis and senescence in colorectal cancer cells by increasing histone hyperacetylation and regulation of p16, p21, p27 and c-myc
Authors: Gao Feng-Hou , Hu Xiao-Hui , Li Wei , Liu Hua , Zhang Yan-Jie , Guo Zhu-Ying , Xu Mang-Hua , Wang Shi-Ting , Jiang Bin , Liu Feng , Zhao Ying-Zheng , Fang Yong , Chen Fang-Yuan , Wu Ying-Li
Published: November 2010

Background

Oridonin, a tetracycline diterpenoid compound, has the potential antitumor activities. Here, we evaluate the antitumor activity and action mechanisms of oridonin in colorectal cancer.

Methods

Effects of oridonin on cell proliferation were determined by using a CCK-8 Kit. Cell cycle distribution was determined by flow cytometry. Apoptosis was examined by analyzing subdiploid population and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay. Senescent cells were determined by senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity analysis. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to examine the changes of mRNA of p16, p21, p27 and c-myc. The concomitant changes of protein expression were analyzed with Western blot. Expression of AcH3 and AcH4 were examined by immunofluorescence staining and Western blots. Effects of oridonin on colony formation of SW1116 were examined by Soft Agar assay. The in vivo efficacy of oridonin was detected using a xenograft colorectal cancer model in nude mice.

Results

Oridonin induced potent growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence and colony-forming inhibition in three colorectal cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Daily i.p. injection of oridonin (6.25, 12.5 or 25 mg/kg) for 28 days significantly inhibited the growth of SW1116 s.c. xenografts in BABL/C nude mice. With western blot and reverse transcription-PCR, we further showed that the antitumor activities of oridonin correlated with induction of histone (H3 and H4) hyperacetylation, activation of p21, p27 and p16, and suppression of c-myc expression.

Conclusion

Oridonin possesses potent in vitro and in vivo anti-colorectal cancer activities that correlated with induction of histone hyperacetylation and regulation of pathways critical for maintaining growth inhibition and cell cycle arrest. Therefore, oridonin may represent a novel therapeutic option in colorectal cancer treatment.
Emissions Allowances: Accounting and Public Policy Issues
Authors: Raiborn Cecily , Massoud Marc
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT: This paper briefly describes cap and trade programs. Emission allowances in such programs can be used, sold, or retired by recipient companies. Such allowances provide value for the recipient organization and necessitate the determination of proper accounting for their receipt. The accounting suggested by IFRIC 3 is discussed and suggestions are made as to alternative methods to account for emission allowances. However, to truly provide companies with financial incentive to reduce emissions and to retire, rather than sell, their emission allowances, public policy needs to be changed to provide a tax incentive equivalent to the fair market value of retired allowances to compliant companies.
On dimension of the Schur multiplier of nilpotent Lie algebras
Authors: Niroomand Peyman
Published: November 2010

Let L be an n-dimensional non-abelian nilpotent Lie algebra and $$
s(L) = \frac{1}
{2}(n - 1)(n - 2) + 1 - \dim M(L)
$$ where M(L) is the Schur multiplier of L. In [Niroomand P., Russo F., A note on the Schur multiplier of a nilpotent Lie algebra, Comm. Algebra (in press)] it has been shown that s(L) ≥ 0 and the structure of all nilpotent Lie algebras has been determined when s(L) = 0. In the present paper, we will characterize all finite dimensional nilpotent Lie algebras with s(L) = 1; 2.
Symmetry and models of single-walled TiO2 nanotubes with rectangular morphology
Authors: Evarestov Robert , Zhukovskii Yuri , Bandura Andrei , Piskunov Sergei
Published: November 2010

The formalism of line symmetry groups for one-periodic (1D) nanostructures with rotohelical symmetry has been applied for symmetry analysis of single-walled titania nanotubes (SW TiO2 NTs) formed by rolling up the stoichiometric two-periodic (2D) slabs of anatase structure. Either six- or twelve-layer (101) slabs have been cut from TiO2 crystal in a stable anatase phase. After structural optimization, the latter keeps the centered rectangular symmetry of initial slab slightly compressed along a direction coincided with large sides of elemental rectangles. We have considered two sets of SW TiO2 NTs with optimized six- and twelve-layer structures, which possess chiralities (−n, n) and (n, n) of anatase nanotubes. To analyze the structural and electronic properties of titania slabs and nanotubes, we have performed their ab initio LCAO calculations, using the hybrid Hartree-Fock/Kohn-Sham exchange-correlation functional PBE0. The band gaps (Δɛ
gap) and strain energies (E
strain) of six-layer nanotubes have been computed and analyzed as functions of NT diameter (D
NT). As to models of 12-layer SW TiO2 NTs of both chiralities, their optimization results in structural exfoliation, i.e., the multi-walled structure should be rather formed in nanotubes with such a number of atomic layers.
Fluid dynamics of flow through microscale lattice structures formed from self‐propagating photopolymer waveguides
Authors: Fink Kathryn D. , Kolodziejska Joanna A. , Jacobsen Alan J. , Roper Christopher S.
Published: November 2010

The fluid dynamics of flow through microscale lattice structures is characterized for different unit cell sizes, flow angles, and flow rates. The structures consist of an octahedral‐type periodic unit cell, which is formed from an interconnected pattern of self‐propagating photopolymer waveguides. The periodic unit cell of each sample has a node‐to‐node spacing between 800 and 2400 μm and a truss member diameter between 148 and 277 μm. Water is directed through the microscale lattice structures, and the resulting pressure drop is investigated for two different flow angles and superficial flow rates between 0.5 and 4.8 L/min. Finite element analysis is used to determine pressure drop in the laminar flow regime. The results are used to develop a correlation describing friction factor as a function of flow direction, geometric characteristics, and Reynolds number. This work enables control of the fluid dynamics in microarchitected multifunctional truss materials through design and superficial flow angle. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Resolving the TCA cycle and pentose‐phosphate pathway of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824: Isotopomer analysis, in vitro activities and expression analysis
Authors: Crown Scott B. , Indurthi Dinesh C. , Ahn Woo Suk , Choi Jungik , Papoutsakis Eleftherios T. , Antoniewicz Maciek R.
Published: November 2010

Solventogenic clostridia are an important class of microorganisms that can produce various biofuels. One of the bottlenecks in engineering clostridia stems from the fact that central metabolic pathways remain poorly understood. Here, we utilized the power of 13C‐based isotopomer analysis to re‐examine central metabolic pathways of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824. We demonstrate using [1,2‐13C]glucose, MS analysis of intracellular metabolites, and enzymatic assays that C. acetobutylicum has a split TCA cycle where only Re‐citrate synthase (CS) contributes to the production of α‐ketoglutarate via citrate. Furthermore, we show that there is no carbon exchange between α‐ketoglutarate and fumarate and that the oxidative pentose‐phosphate pathway (oxPPP) is inactive. Dynamic gene expression analysis of the putative Re‐CS gene (CAC0970), its operon, and all glycolysis, pentose‐phosphate pathway, and TCA cycle genes identify genes and their degree of involvement in these core pathways that support the powerful primary metabolism of this industrial organism.
Clinical outcomes following predilation with a novel 1.25‐mm diameter angioplasty catheter
Authors: Kandzari David E. , Zankar Ahmad A. , Teirstein Paul S. , Brilakis Emmanouil S. , Banerjee Subhash , Price Matthew J. , Stinis Curtiss T. , Hudson Paul A. , Dahle Thom G.A. , Eng Marvin , Brown Ryan , Ferguson Andrew , Addo Tayo A. , Popma Jeffrey J.
Published: November 2010

Objective: An unmet need is represented in angioplasty catheters that permit the predilation stage of treating complex coronary anatomy oftentimes not amenable to conventional device therapies. Background: Lesion preparation with balloon angioplasty prior to stent placement remains the most common method of percutaneous coronary revascularization. Methods: Clinical and angiographic outcomes were evaluated following a treatment strategy of coronary artery disease that included predilation with a low‐profile, 1.25‐mm angioplasty catheter prior to stent placement. The study primary end point of procedural success was defined as successful device delivery and lesion treatment, including the absence of clinically significant perforation, arrhythmia, flow‐limiting dissection, or reduction in baseline Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grade with final achievement of TIMI 3 flow. Results: Among 51 patients (54 lesions), predilation using a 1.25 mm angioplasty catheter was associated with procedural and device‐related success rates of 100%. In‐hospital target lesion failure occurred in one patient (2.0%) related to postprocedural myocardial infarction. Patient and angiographic characteristics included diabetes, 43.1%; lesion length ≥20 mm, 20.4%; bifurcation lesion, 31.5%; lesion classification B2/C, 74.1%; and baseline TIMI 0/1 flow, 13.0%. No subsequent in‐hospital adverse events occurred. Conclusions: Percutaneous coronary revascularization involving a predilation strategy with a low profile, 1.25‐mm angioplasty catheter is associated with favorable procedural safety and efficacy and may represent an effective initial treatment for complex coronary anatomy. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cation–Cation Complexes of Pentavalent Uranyl: From Disproportionation Intermediates to Stable Clusters
Authors: Mougel Victor , Horeglad Pawel , Nocton Grégory , Pécaut Jacques , Mazzanti Marinella
Published: November 2010

Three new cation–cation complexes of pentavalent uranyl, stable with respect to the disproportionation reaction, have been prepared from the reaction of the precursor [(UO2py5)(KI2py2)]n (1) with the Schiff base ligands salen2−, acacen2−, and salophen2− (H2salen=N,N′‐ethylene‐bis(salicylideneimine), H2acacen=N,N′‐ethylenebis(acetylacetoneimine), H2salophen=N,N′‐phenylene‐bis(salicylideneimine)). The preparation of stable complexes requires a careful choice of counter ions and reaction conditions. Notably the reaction of 1 with salophen2− in pyridine leads to immediate disproportionation, but in the presence of [18]crown‐6 ([18]C‐6) a stable complex forms. The solid‐state structure of the four tetranuclear complexes, {[UO2(acacen)]4[μ8‐]2[K([18]C‐6)(py)]2} (3) and {[UO2(acacen)]4[μ8‐]}⋅2 [K([222])(py)] (4), {[UO2(salophen)]4[μ8‐K]2[μ5‐KI]2[(K([18]C‐6)]}⋅2 [K([18]C‐6)(thf)2]⋅2 I (5), and {[UO2(salen)4][μ8‐Rb]2[Rb([18]C‐6)]2} (9) ([222]=[222]cryptand, py=pyridine), presenting a T‐shaped cation–cation interaction has been determined by X‐ray crystallographic studies. NMR spectroscopic and UV/Vis studies show that the tetranuclear structure is maintained in pyridine solution for the salen and acacen complexes. Stable mononuclear complexes of pentavalent uranyl are also obtained by reduction of the hexavalent uranyl Schiff base complexes with cobaltocene in pyridine in the absence of coordinating cations. The reactivity of the complex [UVO2(salen)(py)][Cp*2Co] with different alkali ions demonstrates the crucial effect of coordinating cations on the stability of cation–cation complexes. The nature of the cation plays a key role in the preparation of stable cation–cation complexes. Stable tetranuclear complexes form in the presence of K+ and Rb+, whereas Li+ leads to disproportionation. A new uranyl–oxo cluster was isolated from this reaction. The reaction of [UVO2(salen)(py)][Cp*2Co] (Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) with its UVI analogue yields the oxo‐functionalized dimer [UO2(salen)(py)]2[Cp*2Co] (8). The reaction of the {[UO2(salen)4][μ8‐K]2[K([18]C‐6)]2} tetramer with protons leads to disproportionation to UIV and UVI species and H2O confirming the crucial role of the proton in the UV disproportionation.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon Dioxide Capture: Prospects for New Materials
Authors: D'Alessandro Deanna M. , Smit Berend , Long Jeffrey R.
Published: November 2010

Review: 208 refs.
Grid and P2P middleware for wide‐area parallel processing
Authors: Xhafa Fatos , Pllana Sabri , Barolli Leonard , Spaho Evjola
Published: November 2010

Grid computing emerged as a paradigm for high‐performance computing and massive parallel processing. Currently, Grid systems have become an important paradigm for efficiently solving large‐scale complex problems from many fields. On the other hand, P2P paradigm originated from file‐sharing, but each time more is being used for the development of large‐scale distributed platforms. Grid and P2P systems have thus followed different trajectories pushed by different motivations, needs and research communities. In fact, both paradigms are evolving in a way that each time they are sharing more common characteristics and are mutually benefiting from their best features. Among these characteristics, we could distinguish the cooperative model for solving complex problems by exploiting their large computing capacity. As such, Grid and P2P systems have achieved notable success, in particular, for e‐Science applications, a family of complex applications arising in science and engineering that need considerable computation power. Despite important advances in the design and use of Grid and P2P systems, they remain still difficult to implement and apply to real‐life problems. The main difficulties reside in the lack of easy‐to‐use middleware for Grid and P2P, in the complexities of setting up and in the tedious task of deploying real‐world Grid/P2P platforms as well as in experimental studies which are often complex and not easy to repeat. In this paper we survey and analyze the advances in communication libraries and middleware for both Grid and P2P systems as well as their limitations when used in real Grid and P2P infrastructures. We also bring examples of real‐life applications of massive data processing that can be efficiently handled through Grid and P2P approaches. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A single‐stage LED lamp driver with low DC bus voltage for general lighting applications
Authors: Chiu Huang‐Jen , Lo Yu‐Kang , Cheng Shih‐Jen , Yan Yeong‐Chang , Lee Hung‐Chi , Wu Kuan‐Hung , Lin Chung‐Yi , Ho Shao‐Shih , Tseng Ming‐Hsiang , Huang Fu‐Hsien
Published: November 2010

In this paper, we study the feasibility of a single‐stage lighting LED lamp driver with low DC bus voltage. The operating principles and design considerations for the LED lamp driver in this study are analyzed and discussed in detail. A laboratory prototype has been built and tested. Using the prototype, high efficiency, high‐power factor and LED current control were achieved using a wide AC input voltage range from 90 to 270 V. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Qualitative analysis of an interrupted electric circuit with spike noise
Authors: Asahara Hiroyuki , Kousaka Takuji
Published: November 2010

Switching non‐ideality and its effects have been reported in DC‐DC converters. In this paper, we examine the qualitative property of an interrupted electric circuit with spike noise. First, we show the circuit model that have the switch interrupted by its own state and a periodic interval. Here, we artificially add spike noise via every switching action. Then, we explain its dynamics and derive the Poincaré map for the rigorous analysis in a circuit with ideal switching and a circuit with spike noise, respectively. Finally, we discuss the dynamical effects of spike noise from experimental and analytical viewpoints based on the Poincaré map and bifurcation diagrams. As a result, some dynamical effects of spike noise are clarified in terms of the invariant set, bifurcations, and existence regions of coexisting attractor. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis and design of an active‐clamping zero‐voltage‐switching isolated inverse‐SEPIC converter
Authors: Lo Yu‐Kang , Liu Yu‐Chen , Lin Jing‐Yuan , Lin Chung‐Yi , Cheng Shih‐Jen
Published: November 2010

This paper presents an active‐clamping zero‐voltage‐switching (ZVS) isolated inverse‐SEPIC converter. The high voltage spikes when turning off the switches are eliminated. The energies stored in the parasitic elements can be recycled to achieve the ZVS of switches. Therefore, the conversion efficiency increases substantially, yet with a reduced circuit cost. Detailed analysis and design of the proposed topology are described. Experimental results are recorded for a prototype converter with a DC input voltage ranging from 130 to 180 V, an output voltage of 12 V and a rated output power of 120 W, operating at a switching frequency of 65 kHz. The average active‐mode efficiency is above 88%. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On constructing complex grid multi‐wing hyperchaotic system: Theoretical design and circuit implementation
Authors: Zhang Chaoxia , Yu Simin
Published: November 2010

This paper further investigates some novel methods for generating complex grid multi‐wing hyperchaotic attractors from four‐dimensional (4D) quadratic hyperchaotic systems, based on our previous works. First, a modified double‐wing hyperchaotic Lü system by using non‐uniform variable scaling transformation is obtained, and n‐wing hyperchaotic system equipped with a duality‐symmetric multi‐segment quadratic function is also constructed. Then, by switching control in the z direction, mirror symmetry conversion and rotation transformation, three classes of n × m‐wing hyperchaotic systems are respectively realized. Finally, two types of improved module‐based circuits are designed for generating various grid multi‐wing hyperchaotic attractors. One characteristic of the proposed approaches lies in their generality, which is also suitable for constructing 4D grid multi‐wing hyperchaotic Lorenz and Chen systems. Both numerical simulation and circuit implementation have demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approaches. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
OMAC: A new access control architecture for overlay multicast communications
Authors: Mohamed Emad Eldin , Barka Ezedin
Published: November 2010

Multicast communications concern the transfer of data among multiple users. Multicast communications can be provided at the network layer—an example is IP multicast—or at the application layer, also called overlay multicast. An important issue in multicast communications is to control how different users—senders, receivers, and delivery nodes—access the transmitted data as well as the network resources. Many researchers have proposed solutions addressing access control in IP multicast. However, little attention has been paid to overlay multicast. In this paper, we investigate the access control issues in overlay multicast and present OMAC: a new solution to address these issues. OMAC provides access control for senders, receivers, and delivery nodes in overlay multicast. The proposed architecture, which is based on symmetric key cryptosystem, centralizes the authentication process in one server whereas it distributes the authorization process among the delivery nodes. Moreover, delivery nodes are utilized as a buffer zone between end systems and the authentication server, making it less exposed to malicious end systems. To evaluate our work, we have used simulation to compare the performance of OMAC against previous solutions. Results of the simulation show that OMAC outperforms previous multicast access control schemes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
3D video communications: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Su Guan‐Ming , Lai Yu‐Chi , Kwasinski Andres , Wang Haohong
Published: November 2010

This paper surveys major techniques in 3D communications area, which covers the whole pipeline of the 3D video communication framework, including 3D content creation, data representation, compression, delivery, decompression, post‐processing, and 3D scene rendering stages. Both the current state‐of‐the‐art, stereo 3D, and future trend, free‐viewpoint 3D, are demonstrated in details. On the other hand, the paper highlights a few features in the emerging 4G wireless systems that are critical for 3D communications system design. At the end, the topics with potential but challenges, for example 3D over 4G networks, distributed 3D video coding, 3D multi‐user communication, scalability and universal 3D access, are discussed and pointed out to audiences for further investigation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low‐jitter slot assignment algorithm for deadline‐aware packet transmission in wireless video surveillance sensor networks
Authors: Tao Li Qiang , Yu Feng Qi
Published: November 2010

This work presents a distributed time‐slot assignment algorithm which adopts TDMA as Medium Access Control, specially suited to support applications with strict delay, jitter, and throughput requirements characterized by convergecast traffic pattern in sensor networks. (e.g. wireless video surveillance sensor networks). The proposed algorithm has three characteristics: (1) every node is guaranteed a path to the base station for its data delivery. In the path, sufficient resource is reserved and weighted fairness can be achieved. (2) It uses cascading time‐slot assignment and jitter minimization algorithm in each node to minimize jitter and end‐to‐end delay. (3) Nodes are only active during their scheduled slots and sleep otherwise. This offers energy saving by reducing idle listening and avoiding overhearing. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated over simulations and analyzed theoretically in comparison with existing slot assignment algorithm. The results show that our algorithm provides lower end‐to‐end delay, jitter, and higher throughput. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct Detection of DNA and DNA‐Ligand Interaction by Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Witte C. , Lisdat F.
Published: November 2010

In this work we present an impedimetric detection system for DNA‐ligand interactions. The sensor system consists of thiol‐modified single‐stranded DNA chemisorbed to gold. Impedance measurements in the presence of the redox system ferri‐/ferrocyanide show an increase in charge transfer resistance (Rct) after hybridisation of a complementary target. Different amounts of capture strands, used for gold electrode modification, result in surface coverages between 3 and 15 pmol/cm2ssDNA. The relative change inRctupon hybridisation increases with increasing amount of capture probe on the electrode from 1.5‐ to 4.5‐fold. Impedimetric detection of binding events of a metal‐intercalator ([Ru(phen)3]2+) and a groove binder (spermine) to double‐stranded DNA is demonstrated. Binding of [Ru(phen)3]2+and spermine exhibits a decrease in charge transfer resistance. Here, the ligand’s interaction leads to electrostatic shielding of the negatively charged DNA backbone. The impedance changes have been evaluated in dependence on the concentration of both DNA binders. Furthermore, the association of a single‐stranded binding protein (SSBP) is found to cause an increase in charge transfer resistance only when incubated with single‐stranded DNA. The specific binding of an anti‐dsDNA antibody to the dsDNA‐modified electrode surface decreases in contrast the interfacial impedance.
A Nonenzymatic Amperometric Method for Fructosyl‐Valine Sensing Using Ferroceneboronic Acid
Authors: Chien Hui‐Ching , Chou Tse‐Chuan
Published: November 2010

Fructosyl valine (Fru‐Val) is a glycosylated component of hemoglobin (HbA1c) that can serve as a diagnostic target for type 2 diabetes. While average blood glucose levels fluctuate significantly, the more stable levels of HbA1c can serve as a better long‐term diagnostic marker. Here a diagnostic system, incorporating an amperometric method, for detecting Fru‐Val (at +0.1 V vs. Ag/AgCl), using ferrocene boronic acid (FcBA) is presented. FcBA can complex diols, and has easily detectable redox properties. The boronic acid group in FcBA mediates complexation, while the Fe(II)/Fe(III) couple serves as a transducer. The diagnostic system, based on a miniaturized bare glassy carbon paste electrode (GCPE), has a fast response time.
Voltammetric Behavior of Methotrexate Using Mercury Meniscus Modified Silver Solid Amalgam Electrode
Authors: Šelešovská Renáta , Bandžuchová Lenka , Navrátil Tomáš
Published: November 2010

Voltammetric behavior of methotrexate (MTX), an important chemotherapeutic drug, has been investigated using electrochemical methods: cyclic voltammetry, direct current voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry on a mercury meniscus modified silver solid amalgam electrode (m‐AgSAE). The obtained results have been compared with those obtained using a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). The optimal conditions for its determination have been found in a Britton‐Robinson buffer of pH 5 with the limit of detection equal to 1.8 nM. RSD at this concentration level amounted to less than 4 %. The proposed procedure of determination was verified on a real drug containing MTX.
Simultaneous Determination of Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) and Ascorbic Acid in Pharmaceutical Formulations by LC Coupled to a Screen Printed Carbon Based Amperometric Detector
Authors: Sarakbi Ahmad , Aydogmus Zeynep , Sidali Tarik , Gokce Gültekin , Kauffmann Jean‐Michel
Published: November 2010

The assay of acetaminophen (APAP) and ascorbic acid (AA) was performed by liquid chromatography (LC) with amperometric detection at a screen printed carbon based electrode poised at +0.6 V versus Ag pseudoreference electrode. A microparticle based conventional RP‐C18 and a monolithic RP‐C18 column were studied comparatively for the analytes separation using a mobile phase based on 0. 1 M phosphate buffer‐methanol 91 : 9 (v/v) at pH 6.5. The linear calibration range for both compounds was comprised within 2×10−7–1×10−4 M. Limit of detection (LOD) for APAP and AA was 2×10−7 and 5×10−7 M, respectively and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 5. 10−7and 1×10−6 M, respectively. Square wave voltammetry at a Nafion modified glassy carbon electrode was developed and applied to the determination of APAP in order to validate the results obtained by the monolithic LC method for drug formulations.
Electrochemical Studies of Chemically Modified Nanometer‐Sized Electrodes
Authors: Guo Jing , Ho Chu‐Ngi , Sun Peng
Published: November 2010

Self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of 4‐aminothiophenol (4‐ATP) has been successfully deposited onto nanometer‐sized gold (Au) electrodes. The cyclic voltammograms obtained on a 4‐ATP SAMs modified electrode show peaks and the peak height is proportional to the scan rate, which is similar to that on an electroactive SAMs modified macro electrode. The electrochemical behavior and mechanism of outer‐sphere electron transfer reaction on the 4‐ATP SAMs modified nanometer‐sized electrode has also been studied. The 4‐ATP SAMs modified electrode is further modified with platinum (Pt) nanoparticles. Electrochemical behaviors show that there is electrical communication between Pt nanoparticles and Au metal on the Pt nanoparticles/4‐ATP SAMs/Au electrode. However, scanning electron microscopic image shows that the Pt nanoparticles are not evenly covered the electrode.
Experimental study on critical breakage stress of float glass with different thicknesses under conditions with temperatures of 25 and 200°C
Authors: Xie Qiyuan , Zhang Heping , Si Dongya
Published: November 2010

The objective of this study is to directly measure the critical breakage stress for glass through mechanical tensile experiments based on MTS 810 apparatus. Two series of experiments were, respectively, conducted under the condition with a room temperature (25°C) and a hot environment (200°C) for float glass. The results show that the critical breakage stresses of 6, 8, 10 and 12 mm float glass are, respectively, 74, 127, 158 and 198% larger than that of 4 mm float glass under the condition with a room temperature (25°C). Similarly, the critical breakage stresses of 6, 10 and 12 mm float glass are, respectively, 29, 72 and 93% larger than 4 mm glass in the hot environment (200°C). In addition, through the comparison between the two series of experiments, it suggests that the critical breakage stresses of 6, 8, 10 and 12 mm thick float glass in a hot environment are, respectively, 7, 48, 16 and 19% smaller than that in a room temperature. It is suggested that the measured critical breakage stress of float glass here is relatively smaller than those in the previous measurements. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immunohistochemical study identifying prognostic biomolecular markers in nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated by radiotherapy
Authors: Kim Yeon‐Joo , Go Heounjeong , Wu Hong‐Gyun , Jeon Yoon Kyung , Park Suk Won , Lee Seung Hee
Published: November 2010

Background

We evaluated the predictive significance of 14 reported markers using immunohistochemical study in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Methods

Immunohistochemical stainings were done in 38 patients for Met, cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), nm23‐H1, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), p63, early growth response factor 1 (Egr1), chromosome segregation 1‐like (CSE1L), cathepsin‐D (aspartyl protease), C‐erbB2, p53, signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT3/STAT5), CD138 (Syndecan‐1), and LIN28 with the usual methods.

Results

The median follow‐up time was 30 months (11–83 months). High Met and CD138 expression were statistically significant negative prognostic factors on survival. The expression of Egr1 had a positive prognostic effect on survival. The combined score of these 3 markers, Met plus CD138 minus Egr1, was a strong prognostic factor. The median survival curve was distinctly separated in accord with this combined score. No prognostic value was revealed in COX‐2, nm23‐H1, EGFR, p63, CSE1L, cathepsin‐D, C‐erbB2, p53, STAT3, STAT5, and LIN28.

Conclusions

The combined score of these markers could be used to stratify biomolecular risk groups. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Enhancing RUSLE to include runoff‐driven phenomena
Authors: Dabney Seth M. , Yoder Daniel C. , Vieira Dalmo A. N. , Bingner Ronald L.
Published: November 2010

RUSLE2 (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) is the most recent in the family of Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE)/RUSLE/RUSLE2 models proven to provide robust estimates of average annual sheet and rill erosion from a wide range of land use, soil, and climatic conditions. RUSLE2's capabilities have been expanded over earlier versions using methods of estimating time‐varying runoff and process‐based sediment transport routines so that it can estimate sediment transport/deposition/delivery on complex hillslopes. In this report we propose and evaluate a method of predicting a series of representative runoff events whose sizes, durations, and timings are estimated from information already in the RUSLE2 database. The methods were derived from analysis of 30‐year simulations using a widely accepted climate generator and runoff model and were validated against additional independent simulations not used in developing the index events, as well as against long‐term measured monthly rainfall/runoff sets. Comparison of measured and RUSLE2‐predicted monthly runoff suggested that the procedures outlined may underestimate plot‐scale runoff during periods of the year with greater than average rainfall intensity, and a modification to improve predictions was developed. In order to illustrate the potential of coupling RUSLE2 with a process‐based channel erosion model, the resulting set of representative storms was used as an input to the channel routines used in Chemicals, Runoff, and Erosion from Agricultural Management Systems (CREAMS) to calculate ephemeral gully erosion. The method was applied to a hypothetical 5‐ha field cropped to cotton in Marshall County, MS, bisected by a potential ephemeral gully having channel slopes ranging from 0·5 to 5% and with hillslopes on both sides of the channel with 5% steepness and 22·1 m length. Results showed the representative storm sequence produced reasonable results in CREAMS indicating that ephemeral gully erosion may be of the same order of magnitude as sheet and rill erosion. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inpatient tube weaning in children with long‐term feeding tube dependency: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Trabi Thomas , Dunitz‐Scheer Marguerite , Kratky Elisabeth , Beckenbach Hannes , Scheer Peter J.
Published: November 2010

This study investigates the outcome of an intervention program to establish oral feeding after prolonged tube feeding in children. The intervention is based on supervised reduction of enteral formula within a few days supported by a 3‐week program of speech therapy, occupational therapy, psychoanalytically based eating therapy, physical therapy, psychodynamic coaching, and nutritional counseling of the infant and his or her parents. Two hundred twenty‐one cases were included in this study. All patients had been severely ill or were handicapped and had been exclusively fed by tube for most of their lives. The major outcome variable was complete discontinuation of tube feeding with sufficient oral feeding after treatment, defined as the child's ability to sustain stable body weight by self‐motivated oral feeding. Two hundred three patients (92%) were completely fed orally after treatment. Tube feeding was discontinued completely within 8 days in mean, and mean in‐patient treatment time was 21.6 days. The current method can be used by a trained and experienced team to wean tube‐dependent children from prolonged tube feeding. Tube weaning should be addressed from the beginning of tube feeding in all children who are expected to restore oral feeding after the phase of nutritional stabilization. Since successful programs are rare, we were motivated to present our results of this elaborate program in this article.
Human peripheral nerve‐derived scaffold for tissue‐engineered nerve grafts: Histology and biocompatibility analysis
Authors: Yang Li‐Min , Liu Xiao‐Lin , Zhu Qing‐Tang , Zhang Yang , Xi Ting‐Fei , Hu Jun , He Cai‐Feng , Jiang Li
Published: November 2010

Human acellular nerve grafts (ANGs) have been rarely used to construct tissue‐engineered nerves compared to the animal‐derived ANGs, and their potential clinical applications were relatively unknown. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the structure and components of a scaffold derived from human peripheral nerve and evaluate its biocompatibility. The human peripheral nerves were processed to prepare the scaffolds by chemical extraction. Light and electron microscopy were carried out to analyze scaffold structure and components. The analysis of cytotoxicity, hemolysis, and skin sensitization were performed to evaluate their biocompatibility. It was shown that Schwann cells and axons, identified by S‐100 and neurofilament (NF) expression, were absent, and the scaffolds were cell‐free and rich in collagen‐I and laminin whose microarchitecture was similar to the fibrous framework of human peripheral nerves. It was revealed from biocompatibility tests that the scaffolds had very mild cytotoxicity and hemolysis, whereas skin sensitization was not observed. The constructed human peripheral nerve‐derived scaffolds with well biocompatibility for clinical practice, which were cell‐free and possess the microstructure and extracellular matrix (ECM) of a human nerve, might be an optimal scaffold for tissue‐engineered nerve grafts in human. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.
Evaluation of magnesium ions release, biocorrosion, and hemocompatibility of MAO/PLLA‐modified magnesium alloy WE42
Authors: Lu Ping , Cao Lu , Liu Yin , Xu Xinhua , Wu Xiangfeng
Published: November 2010

Magnesium alloys may potentially be applied as biodegradable metallic materials in cardiovascular stent. However, the high corrosion rate hinders its clinical application. In this study, a new approach was adopted to control the corrosion rate by fabricating a biocompatible micro‐arc oxidation/poly‐L‐lactic acid (MAO/PLLA) composite coating on the magnesium alloy WE42 substrate and the biocompatibility of the modified samples was investigated. The scanning electronic microscope (SEM) images were used to demonstrate the morphology of the samples before and after being submerged in hanks solution for 4 weeks. The degradation was evaluated through the magnesium ions release rate and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) test. The biocompatibility of the samples was demonstrated by coagulation time and hemolysis behavior. The result shows that the poly‐L‐lactic acid (PLLA) effectively improved the corrosion resistance by sealing the microcracks and microholes on the surface of the MAO coating. The modified samples had good compatibility. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.
SUMOylation of DLX3 by SUMO1 promotes its transcriptional activity
Authors: Duverger Olivier , Chen Susie X. , Lee Delia , Li Tianwei , Chock P. Boon , Morasso Maria I.
Published: November 2010

Small ubiquitin‐like modifiers (SUMO) are post‐translational modifiers that regulate target protein activity in diverse ways. The most common group of SUMO substrates is transcription factors, whose transcriptional activity can be altered positively or negatively as a result of SUMOylation. DLX3 is a homeodomain transcription factor involved in placental development, in the differentiation of structures involving epithelial‐mesenchymal interactions, such as hair, teeth and nails, and in bone mineralization. We identified two potential SUMOylation sites in the N‐terminal domain of DLX3 at positions K83 and K112. Among the six members of the Distal‐less family, DLX3 is the only member containing these sites, which are highly conserved among vertebrates. Co‐expression experiments demonstrated that DLX3 can be SUMOylated by SUMO1. Site‐directed mutagenesis of lysines 83 and 112 to arginines (K83R and K112R) demonstrated that only K112 is involved in SUMOylation. Immunocytochemical analysis determined that SUMOylation does not affect DLX3 translocation to the nucleus and favors perinuclear localization. Moreover, using electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA), we found that DLX3 is still able to bind DNA when SUMOylated. Using luciferase reporter assays, we showed that DLX3K112R exhibits a significantly lower transcriptional activity compared to DLX3WT, suggesting that SUMOylation has a positive effect on DLX3 activity. We identified a new level of regulation in the activity of DLX3 that may play a crucial role in the regulation of hair, teeth, and bone development. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 445–452, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chronic exposure of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 favors chondrogenic expression in human articular chondrocytes amplified in monolayer cultures
Authors: Claus S. , Aubert‐Foucher E. , Demoor M , Camuzeaux B. , Paumier A. , Piperno M. , Damour O. , Duterque‐Coquillaud M. , Galéra P. , Mallein‐Gerin F.
Published: November 2010

Articular cartilage is a specialized connective tissue containing chondrocytes embedded in a network of extracellular macromolecules such as type II collagen and presents poor capacity to self‐repair. Autologous chondrocyte transplantation (ACT) is worldwide used for treatment of focal damage to articular cartilage. However, dedifferentiation of chondrocytes occurs during the long term culture necessary for mass cell production. The aim of this study was to investigate if addition of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)‐2, a strong inducer of chondrogenic expression, to human chondrocytes immediately after their isolation from cartilage, could help to maintain their chondrogenic phenotype in long‐term culture conditions. Human articular chondrocytes were cultured according to the procedure used for ACT. Real‐time PCR and Western blotting were performed to evaluate the cellular phenotype. Exogenous BMP‐2 dramatically improves the chondrogenic character of knee articular chondrocytes amplified over two passages, as assessed by the BMP‐2 stimulation on type II procollagen expression and synthesis. This study reveals that BMP‐2 could potentially serve as a therapeutic agent for supporting the chondrogenic phenotype of human articular chondrocytes expanded in the conditions generally used for ACT. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 1642–1651, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α induces osteoclast formation by activation of the MEK/ERK/c‐Fos pathway and inhibition of the p38MAPK/IRF‐3/IFN‐β pathway
Authors: Tsubaki Masanobu , Kato Chisato , Isono Ai , Kaneko Junichi , Isozaki Misako , Satou Takao , Itoh Tatsuki , Kidera Yasuhiro , Tanimori Yoshihiro , Yanae Masashi , Nishida Shozo
Published: November 2010

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a bone disease that affects many individuals. It was recently reported that macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)‐1α is constitutively secreted by MM cells. MIP‐1α causes bone destruction through the formation of osteoclasts (OCs). However, the molecular mechanism underlying MIP‐1α‐induced OC formation is not well understood. In the present study, we attempted to clarify the mechanism whereby MIP‐1α induces OC formation in a mouse macrophage‐like cell line comprising C7 cells. We found that MIP‐1α augmented OC formation in a concentration‐dependent manner; moreover, it inhibited IFN‐β and ISGF3γ mRNA expression, and IFN‐β secretion. MIP‐1α increased the expressions of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and c‐Fos and decreased those of phosphorylated p38MAPK and IRF‐3. We found that the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 inhibited OC formation by suppressing the MEK/ERK/c‐Fos pathway. SB203580 induced OC formation by upregulating c‐fos mRNA expression, and SB203580 was found to inhibit IFN‐β and IRF‐3 mRNA expressions. The results indicate that MIP‐1α induces OC formation by activating and inhibiting the MEK/ERK/c‐Fos and p38MAPK/IRF‐3 pathways, respectively, and suppressing IFN‐β expression. These findings may be useful in the development of an OC inhibitor that targets intracellular signaling factors. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 1661–1672, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bone loss in ovariectomized rats: Dominant role for estrogen but apparently not for FSH
Authors: Rouach V. , Katzburg S. , Koch Y. , Stern N. , Somjen D.
Published: November 2010

Estrogen deficiency as the sole factor underlying post‐menopausal osteoporosis was challenged, in light of reports that both follicular stimulation hormone (FSH) receptor and FSHβ knockout mice were resistant to bone loss, suggesting a detrimental role for FSH. We assessed whether lowering FSH levels by gonadotropin realizing (GnRH) analog decapeptyl in ovariectomized female rats (OVX) affects bone. Wistar‐derived 25 days old OVX female rats were injected for 10 weeks with estradiol‐17β (E2), with GnRH analog (decapeptyl) or with both. FSH and luteinizing hormone (LH) serum levels were markedly increased in OVX rats, with smaller growth plates with disrupted architecture; heavy infiltration of bone marrow with numerous adipocytes and reduced thickness of cortical bone. In OVX rats treated with E2, FSH, and LH levels were intermediate, the tibia was similar to that of intact rats, but there was reduced thickness of cortical bone. In decapeptyl treated OVX rats, FSH and LH levels were suppressed, the organization of growth plate and the trabecular bone were disrupted, and there were fewer proliferative and chondroblastic cells and a large adipocytes population in bone marrow, but an increased trabecular bone volume (TBV). In the E2 + decapeptyl treatment, FSH and LH levels were suppressed, with partially restored growth plate architecture and improved TBV. In conclusion, E2 deficiency is the dominant factor impairing bone loss in OVX and concomitant changes in FSH/LH levels achieved by decapeptyl have some modulating, though complex role in this setting. The role of high FSH levels in post‐menopausal bone loss requires further investigation using combined sub‐optimal doses of the different hormones. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 128–137, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Id‐1 induces cell invasiveness in immortalized epithelial cells by regulating cadherin switching and Rho GTPases
Authors: Cheung P.Y. , Yip Y.L. , Tsao S.W. , Ching Y.P. , Cheung A.L.M.
Published: November 2010

Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), characterized by cadherin switching, contributes to cancer metastasis. Our recent study showed that Id‐1 (inhibitor of differentiation‐1) promotes metastasis in esophageal cancer cells, but whether the invasive and metastatic dynamics can be induced early in the carcinogenesis process is still unclear. Immortalization is regarded as the initial stage in the malignant transformation of normal cells. In this study, we investigated the role and mechanisms of Id‐1 in inducing EMT and cell invasiveness in immortalized esophageal epithelial cells. We found that immortalized epithelial cells expressed higher endogenous levels of Id‐1 compared with normal cells. Ectopic Id‐1 expression inhibited the differentiation of immortalized esophageal epithelial cells and promoted cadherin switching, which was accompanied by increased adhesiveness to extracellular matrix, cell motility, migratory potential and matrix metalloproteinase‐dependent invasiveness. GTPase activity assays showed that over‐expression or short‐hairpin RNA knockdown of Id‐1 led to corresponding changes in Rac1 activity, whereas RhoA activity was significantly decreased with Id‐1 depletion. Inhibitors targeting Rac1, RhoA, and Rho kinase suppressed the invasiveness of Id‐1‐expressing NE2‐hTERT cells. Knockdown of N‐cadherin in Id‐1‐over‐expressing cells inhibited cell invasiveness and down‐regulated RhoA activity. These data suggest that the Id‐1‐induced invasive potential may be regulated through the N‐cadherin‐RhoA axis and Rac1 activation. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 157–168, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A free‐energy perturbation method based on Monte Carlo simulations using quantum mechanical calculations (QM/MC/FEP method): Application to highly solvent‐dependent reactions
Authors: Hori Kenji , Yamaguchi Toru , Uezu Keita , Sumimoto Michinori
Published: November 2010

This study describes the framework of the quantum mechanical (QM)/Monte Carlo (MC)/free‐energy perturbation (FEP) method, a FEP method based on MC simulations using quantum chemical calculations. Because a series of structures generated by interpolating internal coordinates between transition state and reactant did not produce smooth free‐energy profiles, we used structures from the intrinsic reaction coordinate calculations. This method was first applied to the Diels–Alder reaction between methyl vinyl ketone and cyclopentadiene and produced ΔG values of 20.1 and 21.4 kcal mol−1 in aqueous and methanol solutions, respectively. They are very consistent with the experimentally observed values. The other two applications were the free‐energy surfaces for the Cope elimination of N,N‐dimethyl‐3‐phenylbutan‐2‐amine oxide in aqueous, dimethyl sulfoxide, and tetrahydrofuran solutions, and the Kemp decarboxylation of 6‐hydroxybenzo‐isoxazole‐3‐carboxylic acid in aqueous, dimethyl sulfoxide, and CH3CN solutions. The calculated activation free energies differed by less than 1.8 kcal mol−1 from the experimental values for these reactions. Although we used droplet models for the QM/MC/FEP simulations, the calculated results for three reactions are very close to the experimental data. It was confirmed that most of the interactions between the solute and solvents can be described using small numbers of solvent molecules. This is because a few solvent molecules can produce large portions of the solute–solvent interaction energies at the reaction centers. When we confirmed the dependency on the droplet sizes of solvents, the QM/MC/FEP for a large droplet with 106 water molecules produced a ΔG value similar to the experimental values, as well as that for a small droplet with 34 molecules. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011