bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interplay between Selected Chemical and Biochemical Soil Properties in the Humus Horizons of Grassland Soils with Low Water Table Depth
Authors: Mencel Justyna , Futa Barbara , Mocek-Płóciniak Agnieszka , Mendyk Łukasz , Piernik Agnieszka , Kaczmarek Tomasz , Glina Bartłomiej
Published: December 2022

Grasslands are the most carbon-rich of all agricultural ecosystems, but are also the most endangered. The global area of grassland decreased during the 20th century, mainly due to conversion to arable land, improper management, and abandonment. Due to ongoing climate change, maintenance of an adequate level of soil organic matter is of primary importance, not only to maintain the productive function of the soils, but also to ensure their role as carbon stores. The main aim of this study was to assess the linkages between selected chemical and biochemical soil properties in alluvial grassland soils, characterized by a low water table. The area under study was located in the Koło Basin, central Poland. Soil parameters, such as total organic carbon, total nitrogen, pH, phosphorus, magnesium, and potassium contents, as well as enzymatic activity and soil microbial structure were studied. Positive correlations were observed between total organic carbon content and the following enzymatic activities: dehydrogenase (r = 0.63), acid phosphatase (r = 0.69), and alkaline phosphatase (r = 0.86). There was a significant correlation between fungi abundance and phosphorus and potassium contents, and between actinobacteria abundance and total organic carbon content.
Delineation of Salinization and Recharge Sources Affecting Groundwater Quality Using Chemical and Isotopic Indices in the Northwest Coast, Egypt
Authors: Ezzeldin Hesham A.
Published: December 2022

Salinization of coastal aquifers is a serious issue affected by climate change and enhanced by overexploitation of groundwater resources. This research aims to explore the hydrogeochemical processes that cause salinization of groundwater in coastal aquifers, such as the area located between Barrani and Baqbaq, on the northwestern coast of Egypt. Various techniques were applied, including Gibbs plots and hydrochemical facies diagrams (HFE-D), ion ratios and stable isotope bivariate plots, statistical analyses, a groundwater quality index for seawater intrusion (GQISWI), and a seawater mixing index (SMI). Based on the total dissolved solids (TDS), groundwater can be classified into four groups: slightly saline (9%), moderately saline (45%), highly saline (43%), and salty water (3%). The geochemical properties were further catergorized on the basis of other parameters and ion ratios, such as Caexcess, Nadeficit, Na/Cl, Cl/HCO3, and Br/Cl, which suggest the influence of cation exchange, seawater, and marine sediment dissolution. Additionally, stable isotopes indicated two groups. One of these has relatively high salinity and low isotopic content and is affected by the leaching and dissolution of marine deposits. The other group is enriched in δ18O and δD content, with much higher salinity due to mixing with seawater and evaporation. The GQISWI categorizes groundwater as saline and mixed (55 and 41%, respectively), followed by saltwater (4%), whereas the SMI calculations indicate that about 10% of the groundwater samples are impacted by seawater. Finally, the areal distribution of GQISWI and SMI identified some patches along the coastline as well as other inland places located about 12.5 km away from the sea that have undergone saltwater intrusion. In conclusion, overexploitation of groundwater should be avoided because the amount of annual rainfall is very limited.
Prioritized Aggregation Operators for Intuitionistic Fuzzy Information Based on Aczel–Alsina T-Norm and T-Conorm and Their Applications in Group Decision-Making
Authors: Sarfraz Mehwish , Ullah Kifayat , Akram Maria , Pamucar Dragan , Božanić Darko
Published: December 2022

In multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) problems, prioritization is sometimes important. Several techniques and methods have been introduced in fuzzy systems to use prioritization. The main purpose of this paper is to propose prioritized aggregation operators (AOs) for intuitionistic fuzzy (IF) information. These AOs are symmetric in nature and are based on the novel Aczel–Alsina t-norm and t-conorm. Herein, we propose IF-prioritized Aczel–Alsina averaging (IFPAAA) and IF-prioritized Aczel–Alsina geometric (IFPAAG) operators. It is shown that these AOs satisfy the basic features of aggregation. Some additional results for these AOs are also investigated. These proposed operators can capture the prioritization phenomenon among the aggregated arguments, and the weights for prioritization are obtained from expert information. Finally, the proposed AOs are used in an MAGDM problem where a doctor is selected for a hospital. A comparison of the proposed prioritized AOs is also established with other well-known AOs to show the significance of the IFPAAA and IFPAAG operators.
Vehicle Distance Estimation from a Monocular Camera for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems
Authors: Lee Seungyoo , Han Kyujin , Park Seonyeong , Yang Xiaopeng
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study is to propose a framework for accurate and efficient vehicle distance estimation from a monocular camera. The proposed framework consists of a transformer-based object detector, a transformer-based depth estimator, and a distance predictor. The object detector detects various objects that are mostly symmetrical from an image captured by the monocular camera and provides the type of each object and the coordinate information of a bounding box around each object. The depth estimator generates a depth map for the image. Then, the bounding boxes are overlapped with the depth map to extract the depth features of each object, such as the mean depth, minimum depth, and maximum depth of each object. The present study then trained three models—eXtreme Gradient Boosting, Random Forest, and Long Short-Term Memory—to predict the actual distance between the object and the camera based on the type of the object, the bounding box of the object (including its coordinates and size), and the extracted depth features. The present study proposes including the trimmed mean depth of an object to predict the actual distance by excluding the background pixels around an object but within the bounding box of the object. The evaluation results show that the proposed framework outperformed existing studies.
Special Issue of Symmetry: “Symmetry in Mathematical Analysis and Functional Analysis”
Authors: Olteanu Octav
Published: December 2022

This Special Issue consists of 11 papers recently published in MDPI’s journal Symmetry under the general thematic title “Symmetry in Mathematical Analysis and Functional Analysis” (see [...]
Parallel Learning of Dynamics in Complex Systems
Authors: Huang Xueqin , Zhu Xianqiang , Xu Xiang , Zhang Qianzhen , Liang Ailin
Published: December 2022

Dynamics always exist in complex systems. Graphs (complex networks) are a mathematical form for describing a complex system abstractly. Dynamics can be learned efficiently from the structure and dynamics state of a graph. Learning the dynamics in graphs plays an important role in predicting and controlling complex systems. Most of the methods for learning dynamics in graphs run slowly in large graphs. The complexity of the large graph’s structure and its nonlinear dynamics aggravate this problem. To overcome these difficulties, we propose a general framework with two novel methods in this paper, the Dynamics-METIS (D-METIS) and the Partitioned Graph Neural Dynamics Learner (PGNDL). The general framework combines D-METIS and PGNDL to perform tasks for large graphs. D-METIS is a new algorithm that can partition a large graph into multiple subgraphs. D-METIS innovatively considers the dynamic changes in the graph. PGNDL is a new parallel model that consists of ordinary differential equation systems and graph neural networks (GNNs). It can quickly learn the dynamics of subgraphs in parallel. In this framework, D-METIS provides PGNDL with partitioned subgraphs, and PGNDL can solve the tasks of interpolation and extrapolation prediction. We exhibit the universality and superiority of our framework on four kinds of graphs with three kinds of dynamics through an experiment.
Mechanism for the Potential Inhibition Effect of Microcystin-LR Disinfectant By-Products on Protein Phosphatase 2A
Authors: Yu Huiqun , Xu Yixue , Cui Jiyuan , Zong Wansong
Published: December 2022

The secondary contamination of microcystin disinfection by-products (MC-DBPs) is of concern due to the residual structure similar to their original toxin. Based on identification and preparation, the potential inhibition effect of typical MCLR-DBPs (associated with the oxidation of Adda5) on PP2A was confirmed in the sequence of MCLR > P1 > P4 > P3 ≈ P2 > P7 ≈ P6 ≈ P5 > P8. To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the inhibition effect, the interaction models for typical MCLR-DBPs and PP2A were constructed using a modeling-based-on-ligand-similarity approach, and the candidate interaction parameters between typical MCLR-DBPs and PP2A were obtained by molecular docking. By analyzing the correlation between inhibition data and candidate interaction parameters, the key interaction parameters were filtered as hydrogen bonds “Adda5”←Asn117, “Adda5”←His118, MeAsp3←Arg89, Arg4←Arg214, Arg4→Pro213; ionic bonds Glu6-Arg89, Asp85-Mn12+, Asp57-Mn22+; and metal bonds Glu6-Mn12+, Glu6-Mn22+. With the gradual intensification of chlorination, Adda5 was destroyed to varying degrees. The key interactions changed correspondingly, resulting in the discrepant inhibition effects of typical MCLR-DBPs on PP2A.
Characterization of a Novel Pathogenic Reovirus in Grasshoppers
Authors: Xu Yao , Jiang Jingyi , Wang Zhen , Tian Jingjing , Shi Wangpeng , Cao Chuan
Published: December 2022

Grasshoppers can swarm in the millions and destroy crops over wide areas, posing a major economic threat to agriculture. A wide range of insect-related viruses has recently been reported in the metagenomics of grasshoppers. Here, we identified and isolated a novel reovirus from grasshoppers, named Acrididae reovirus (ARV). The complete genome of ARV was composed of nine dsRNA segments. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ARV formed a monophyletic lineage with unclassified insect-associated reoviruses and was sufficiently distinct from known genera of Reoviridae. ARV could replicate in its host Locusta migratoria and result in host death. Lower-dose ARV infection affected ovary development and resulted in a significant reduction in fecundity. The identification and characterization of a novel pathogenic reovirus could potentially promote the development of new biological control agents.
Norovirus: An Overview of Virology and Preventative Measures
Authors: Winder Natalie , Gohar Sara , Muthana Munitta
Published: December 2022

Norovirus (NoV) is an enteric non-enveloped virus which is the leading cause of gastroenteritis across all age groups. It is responsible for around 200,000 deaths annually and outbreaks are common in small communities such as educational and care facilities. 40% of all NoV outbreaks occur in long-term and acute-care facilities, forming the majority of outbreaks. Nosocomial settings set ideal environments for ease of transmission, especially due to the presence of immunocompromised groups. It is estimated to cost global economies around £48 billion a year, making it a global issue. NoV is transmitted via the faecal-oral route and infection with it results in asymptomatic cases or gastrointestinal disease. It has high mutational rates and this allows for new variants to emerge and be more resistant. The classification system available divides NoV into 10 genogroups and 49 genotypes based on whole amino acid sequencing of VP1 capsid protein and partial sequencing of RdRp, respectively. The most predominant genotypes which cause gastroenteritis in humans include GI.1 and GII.4, where GII.4 is responsible for more extreme clinical implications such as hospitalisation. In addition, GII.4 has been responsible for 6 pandemic strains, the last of which is the GII.4 Sydney (2012) variant. In recent years, the successful cultivation of HuNoV was reported in stem cell-derived human intestinal enteroids (HIEs), which promises to assist in giving a deeper understanding of its underlying mechanisms of infection and the development of more personalized control measures. There are no specific control measures against NoV, therefore common practices are used against it such as hand washing. No vaccine is available, but the HIL-214 candidate passed clinical phase 2b and shows promise.
Novel BC02 Compound Adjuvant Enhances Adaptive and Innate Immunity Induced by Recombinant Glycoprotein E of Varicella-Zoster Virus
Authors: Li Junli , Fu Lili , Guo Xiaonan , Yang Yang , Dong Jiaxin , Wang Guozhi , Zhao Aihua
Published: December 2022

Both adaptive and innate immunity responses are necessary for the efficient elimination of different pathogens. However, the magnitude, quality and desired type of immune response specific to the co-administered antigen is largely determined by adjuvants. BC02 (BCG CpG DNA compound adjuvants system 02) is a novel compound adjuvant with independent intellectual properties, which is composed of BCG CpG DNA biological adjuvant with Al(OH)3 inorganic salt adjuvant acting as a delivery system. Its safety and strong adjuvant efficacy have been effectively verified in preclinical and clinical trials (Phase Ib, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04239313 and Phase II, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05284812). In this study, we report the level of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and humoral immune response induced by the BC02 novel adjuvant combined with different doses of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) glycoprotein E (gE) in a mouse model. In addition, we conducted preliminary in vitro experiments to explore the enhancement of RAW264.7 cell immune activity by BC02 adjuvanted-gE experimental vaccine to activate innate immune response. The results showed that the BC02-adjuvanted low, medium or high dose of gE were highly effective in eliciting both CMI and humoral immune responses to the immunized mice, respectively. The production of gE-specific IFN-γ and IL-2-specific T cells was established within 28 days after booster immunization. In particular, the effect of BC02-adjuvanted medium dose of gE has been shown to be more prominent. Meanwhile, fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (FAMA) and serum antibody plaque reduction tests have also shown that the BC02 adjuvanted-medium dose of gE antigen could induce the secretion of neutralizing antibodies against clinically isolated VZV strains in mice. In addition, our findings have shown that 1/25 dose of gE+BC02 medium dose experimental vaccine can significantly induce the secretion of innate immune cytokines TNF-A, MCP-1, IL-6 and GM-CSF and up-regulate the costimulatory molecules CD40, CD80 and I-A/I-E on RAW264.7 cells; and it has also been activated to form M2 macrophages. At the same time, RAW264.7 cells were stimulated for 12 h, and their phagocytosis was significantly enhanced. Taken together, these results suggest that the BC02 compound adjuvant offers a strategy to induce an appropriate innate and adaptive immunity against the different doses of the VZV gE protein to improve subunit vaccine efficacy, and BC02 may be a promising adjuvant candidate for subunit HZ vaccines.
Higher Immunological Response after BNT162b2 Vaccination among COVID-19 Convalescents—The Data from the Study among Healthcare Workers in an Infectious Diseases Center
Authors: Skrzat-Klapaczyńska Agata , Kowalska Justyna Dominika , Paciorek Marcin , Puła Joanna , Bieńkowski Carlo , Krogulec Dominika , Stengiel Jarosław , Pawełczyk Agnieszka , Perlejewski Karol , Osuch Sylwia , Radkowski Marek , Horban Andrzej
Published: December 2022

Introduction: The BNT162b2 vaccination studies did not specifically focus on groups that were heavily exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, we aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 vaccine among healthcare workers (HCWs). Methods: Study participants were recruited from hospital employees who received BNT162b2 vaccination at the Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Warsaw. Blood samples were collected before and after each vaccination dose. At each timepoint, the levels of anti-SARS CoV-2 IgM, anti-n SARS-CoV-2 IgG, and S-RBD antibodies were measured. Data on concomitant diseases and the vaccine’s adverse events (VAE) were collected after each vaccination dose. In the statistical analyses, non-parametric tests were used. Results: In total, 170 healthcare workers were included in the analysis. Their median age was 51 years (interquartile range (IQR): 41–60 years); most of them were women (n = 137, 80.6%) working in direct contact with patients (n = 137, 73.2%); and 46 (27.0%) had concomitant diseases. More than one fifth of subjects had COVID-19 before their first dose of vaccination (n = 38, 22.6%). In terms of immunological responses, our investigations showed a high level of efficacy for the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination as measured by S-RBD antibody concentrations: these were positive in 100% of participants 14 days after the second dose of the vaccine. It was also observed that employees with high S-RBD antibodies (>=433 BAU/mL) were more likely to be COVID-19 convalescents before receiving the first vaccine dose (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The BNT162b2 vaccine is safe and effective among HCWs. Vaccine adverse events occurred, but serious events were not observed. Moreover, the BNT162b2 vaccine is effective against symptomatic and severe COVID-19—none of the workers that acquired a SARS-CoV-2 infection after vaccination required hospitalization or medical care. We also observed higher immunological responses among COVID-19 convalescents.
Immunogenicity of Catch-Up Immunization with Conventional Inactivated Polio Vaccine among Japanese Adults
Authors: Fukushima Shinji , Nakano Takashi , Shimizu Hiroyuki , Hamada Atsuo
Published: December 2022

Most Japanese adults are vaccinated twice with the Sabin trivalent oral polio vaccine. Booster vaccination is recommended for Japanese travelers to polio-endemic/high-risk countries. We assessed the catch-up immunization of healthy Japanese adults aged ≥20 years with two doses of standalone conventional inactivated polio vaccine (cIPV). Immunogenicity was evaluated by serum neutralization titers (pre-booster vaccination, 4–6 weeks after each vaccination) against type 1, 2, and 3 poliovirus strains. The participants were 61 healthy Japanese adults (26 men/35 women; mean age ± standard deviation age 35.8 ± 8.0 years). Seropositivity rates (percentage of participants with anti-poliovirus antibody titers ≥1:8) pre-vaccination were 88.5%, 95.1%, and 52.5% for Sabin strains (type 1, 2, and 3); 72.1%, 93.4%, and 31.1% for virulent poliovirus strains (type 1: Mahoney; type 2: MEF-1; and type 3: Saukett); and 93.4%, 93.4%, 93.4%, and 88.5% for type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus strains (SV3128, SV3130, 11,196, and 11,198). After one cIPV dose, all seropositivity rates increased to 98.4–100.0%. After two cIPV doses, the seropositivity rates reached 100% for all strains. cIPV was well tolerated, with no safety concerns. Catch-up immunization with standalone cIPV induced robust immune responses in Japanese adults, indicating that one booster dose boosted serum-neutralizing antibodies to many strains.
Dual-Use Vaccine for Diarrhoeal Diseases: Cross-Protective Immunogenicity of a Cold-Chain-Free, Live-Attenuated, Oral Cholera Vaccine against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) Challenge in BALB/c Mice
Authors: Hui Xian Tew , Parasuraman Subramani , Ravichandran Manickam , Prabhakaran Guruswamy
Published: December 2022

In low- and middle-income countries, diarrhoeal diseases are the second most common cause of mortality in children, mainly caused by enterotoxin-producing bacteria, such as Shigella, Vibrio, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli. Cholera and traveller’s diarrhoea are caused by Vibrio cholerae (O1 and O139 serogroups) and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), respectively. The cholera toxin (CT) produced by V. cholerae and the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) of ETEC are closely related by structure, function, and the immunological response to them. There is no exclusive vaccine for ETEC; however, cholera vaccines based on the CT-B component elicit a short-term cross-protection against ETEC infection. In this context, the cross-protective efficacy of MyCholTM, a prototype cold-chain-free, live-attenuated, oral cholera vaccine against V. cholerae O139 was evaluated in BALB/c mice. The 100% lethal dose (LD100) of 109 CFU/mL of the ETEC H10407 strain was used for the challenge studies. The mice immunised with MyChol™ survived the challenge by producing anti-CT antibodies, which cross-neutralised the LT toxin with no body weight loss and no sign of diarrhoea. Compared to unimmunised mice, the immunised mice elicited the neutralising antitoxin that markedly decreased ETEC colonisation and fluid accumulation caused by ETEC H10407 in the intestines. The immunised mice recorded higher antibody titres, including anti-CT IgG, anti-LT IgG, anti-CT-B IgG, and anti-LTB IgG. Only a two-fold rise in anti-CT/CT-B/LT/LT-B IgA was recorded in serum samples from immunised mice. No bactericidal antibodies against ETEC H10407 were detected. This investigation demonstrates the safety, immunogenicity, and cross-protective efficacy of MyCholTM against the ETEC H10407 challenge in BALB/c mice.
Effects of Extracts Containing Metabolites of Different Cyanobacteria from an Ambient Spring (Central Europe) on Zooplankters Daphnia magna and Duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza
Authors: Toporowska Magdalena , Ferencz Beata , Dawidek Jarosław
Published: December 2022

Toxic cyanobacterial blooms are a well-known problem in eutrophic water bodies, but cyanobacterial toxicity in ambient springs is unexplored. Therefore, we studied the toxin content and effects of two extracts obtained from epilithic and benthic microbial mats containing different algae and filamentous cyanobacteria, Phormidium breve and Oscillatoria limosa, respectively, on fresh biomass, number of roots, and pigment content in duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza and on survivorship of Daphnia magna (Cladocera). Mat samples, used to prepare extracts for bioassays, were collected in the anthropogenically transformed limnocrenic Górecko spring, located (50°31′08″ N and 22°57′10″ E) in the Roztocze region (Eastern Poland). It drains an abundant aquifer built with Cretaceous sediments. Neither anatoxin-a (ANTX) nor microcystins (MCs) were detected in the extracts using HPLC techniques; however, negative effects of the extracts on tested organisms were observed. The Phormidium extract contained concentrations of cyanobacterial metabolites a few times higher than the Oscillatoria extract. In general, both extracts affected plants in a dose-dependent manner; however, the Oscillatoria extract influenced pigment production without a clear trend. The highest concentrations of Phormidium extract (p < 0.05) significantly decreased the number of roots and the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids in S. polyrhiza. The Oscillatoria extract caused a statistically significant (p < 0.05) decrease in biomass and number of roots; however, it generally positively influenced the production of pigments. The extract containing O. limosa metabolites was more toxic to D. magna than the extract containing higher amounts of metabolites of P. breve. Cyanobacteria inhabiting temperate springs may negatively affect hydrobionts by producing secondary metabolites other than ANTX and MCs; however, the contribution of algae cannot be excluded. Extensive research on cyanobacteria in springs, their metabolites, and their effects on living organisms should be conducted.
Export of fat and oil products of Russia in the conditions of sanctions
Authors:   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute Economy of Agriculture, Moscow, Paptsov A. G. , Shelamova N. A. ,   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute Economy of Agriculture, Moscow
Published: December 2022

The growing global demand for fat-and-oil products stimulates the production of oilseeds and their processed products in various countries, including Russia. Along with production, exports are also growing. In Russia, fat-and-oil products are among the three leaders of agricultural exports. In the current 2021/22 marketing year (MG), a high sunfl ower harvest is expected and, accordingly, an increase in the production of its processed products — sunflower oil and meal. Russia can significantly increase the export of sunfl ower oil and come out on top in this indicator. However, the realization of the country’s export potential for oilseed products is complicated in the context of sanctions pressure from Western countries. The main problem at present is the obstacles that have arisen in the implementation of the international delivery of products intended for export, namely the refusal of foreign sea carriers to work with Russia, the shortage of containers for the delivery of goods by rail, its often low capacity and delays at border checkpoints. In addition, a signifi cant limitation for exports is the current unfavorable situation in the fi eld of international settlements for the payment of shipped products, due to the sanctions imposed on Russian banks and the refusal of a number of foreign banks to transfer funds intended to pay for Russian export products as a result. To solve the problems that have arisen, joint efforts of the state and business are needed in a forced mode.
Agricultural cooperatives: international experience of functioning in new conditions
Authors:   Ural State Agrarian University (USAU), Ekaterinburg, Golovina S. G. , Ruchkin A. V. ,   Ural State Agrarian University (USAU), Ekaterinburg
Published: December 2022

Modern challenges and threats of a biological, political, climatic and other nature create many diffi culties and risks in the functioning of all economic units, including agricultural cooperatives. Given the uniqueness of both the organizations themselves and the rural space in which they operate, the experience of their adaptation to such extraordinary situations as the consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic and climate shocks that have brought significant nuances to rural life and agricultural production is of scientific interest. In the course of the research, the main results of which are presented in this article, various review and analytical methods were used, such as formal-logical, comparative, historical-culturological, expert assessments, which made it possible to generalize the practices of agricultural cooperatives functioning in conditions of environmental fl uctuations, (2) to off er the scientific community for discussion some conclusions regarding, fi rstly, the diffi culties faced by cooperatives in connection with the pandemic crisis and its consequences, climate disasters and anomalies, global political tensions, and secondly, the opportunities that have appeared in the countryside for large specialized cooperatives, as well as for small multifunctional cooperative organizations, newly formed to fi ll the emerging niches in the rural economy. Conclusions related to the peculiarities of business behavior of directly agricultural cooperatives in the new environmental conditions were obtained on the basis of a rigorous study of analytical materials and annual reports of the international dairy cooperative Arla Foods, which attracts a variety of innovative measures and tools to overcome emerging problems, which include organizational innovations, managerial innovations, adaptation of the production structure to the changed architecture of demand for dairy products.
W sprawie wykładni art. 4462 k.c
Authors: Bagińska Ewa
Published: December 2022

Celem artykułu jest analiza treści i znaczenia przepisu art. 4462 k.c., wprowadzającego do polskiego prawa roszczenie o zadośćuczynienie przysługujące osobie najbliższej w przypadku spowodowania ciężkiego i trwałego uszkodzenia ciała lub wywołania rozstroju zdrowia u osoby bezpośrednio poszkodowanej, która to szkoda skutkuje niemożnością nawiązania lub kontynuowania więzi rodzinnej. Wyjaśniono podstawy aksjologiczne i funkcje nowego roszczenia o zadośćuczynienie oraz jego genezę. W artykule zaproponowano wytyczenie kręgu osób legitymowanych oraz sformułowano wskazówki interpretacji w odniesieniu do poszczególnych przesłanek roszczenia, w tym m.in. skoncentrowano się na nowej przesłance „niemożności nawiązania lub kontynuacji więzi rodzinnej”. Zaproponowano także kryteria ustalenia zadośćuczynienia. Podkreślono, że art. 4462 k.c. ma charakter wyjątkowy, ponieważ wysławia normę rozszerzającą ochronę majątkową na sferę prawną osób pośrednio poszkodowanych.
STRESS-STRAIN STATE AS THE IMPLEMENTATION OF COLLAPSE AND SHEAR IN A BOLTED-WELDED JOINT
Authors: Solodov N. , Vodyahin N. , Kocherzhenko V.
Published: December 2022

The results of the studies are presented which is an extension of the earlier authors’ work of combined bolted-welded joints for building steel structures. Data on the parameters of the stress-strain state of finite-element models of physical specimens of bolted, welded and bolted-welded connections are given. These specimens are manufactured and are being prepared for testing. There are some special features of design of physical specimens and numerical models: the conditions which have been created for realization of limit state, conditioned by crushing of bolt edge of a hole in a thinner piece and its consequent breaking (poking out). Subsequently, it is supposed to compare data on the parameters of the numerical models and physical samples. Considering computer modeling of bolted-welded specimens, it is assumed that welds are made (imposed) after a finite-element model of the bolt connection has been loaded to a certain part of its bearing capacity according to the crushing criterion. Such conditions correspond to the operation of a bolted joint reinforced at partial unloading by welds. Thus, it is assumed that the bolted joint will be deformed largely before it is reinforced with welds. According to the authors' hypothesis, it will create favourable conditions for joint operation of the bolted joint and welds during its loading after reinforcement. The generally obtained numerical simulation data confirm the above hypothesis on the possible joint operation of welds and bolted joint, in which the limiting state in terms of buckling is realized and which is reinforced by partial unloading with welds.
PRINCIPLES OF FORMATION OF ARCHITECTURAL AND ART SHAPE OF WASTE SORTING PLANT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Supranovich V. , Safronova A.
Published: December 2022

The article considers the actual topic of sorting and recycling of waste in large cities, namely the organization of special objects of sorting and recycling of waste, objects of the GCS (garbage collection stations), in the context of the city structure. The relevance of the proposed research topic is anchored in the material of the paper. The article is aimed at determining the basic principles of formation of architectural image at newly designed objects for sorting waste in the territory of Saint Petersburg. A comparative analysis of national and foreign experience was conducted, using the example of objects located within the boundaries of urban development. Based on the analysis of foreign and national experience in the design and implementation of such buildings, the problem of interaction of sorting complexes in the urban environment with the development environment has been identified. Common features and differences affecting the location of objects for sorting waste in the city structure in different countries have been identified. A brief review of historical trends in waste management in Russia was conducted. The main forming element - the technological module and its main components - has been identified. Based on the results of the study, the basic principles of formation of architectural and artistic appearance of the GCS (garbage collection stations) in the context of the urban environment have been determined. The diagrams of arrangement of modules-volumes of GCS with the basic dimensional characteristics of the section and volumes themselves are offered.
Turbulents et faiseurs de bien. Le génie associatif de jeunes musulmans
Authors: De Ridder Guido
Published: December 2022

Des jeunes d'origine musulmane cherchent à avoir une prise sur les situations qu'eux-mêmes et leurs semblables subissent dans les périphéries urbaines, notamment en créant des associations. Leurs engagements sont de plusieurs types : l'action culturelle en faveur de leur communauté religieuse, le militantisme social musulman, l'animation hors de tout affichage religieux. S'il est malaisé de distinguer ce qui dans leur implication relève de l'expérience de vie, des références identitaires, des convictions morales ou religieuses, il faut souligner le caractère vibrant et grave de leur engagement. Ces jeunes constituent souvent pour leur quartier des figures de do-gooder («faiseur de bien»). Le parcours et l'expérience mouvementée de plusieurs d'entre eux éclairent leurs raisons d'agir.
Sortir de l'ombre ? Oui, mais seulement au crépuscule
Authors: Vulbeau Alain
Published: December 2022

Ce texte traite du hip-hop comme une culture d'émergence combinant le politique et l'esthétique. Après un essai de définition mettant en avant la dimension de solution stratégique représentée par les émergences culturelles, le texte propose d'en explorer plusieurs caractéristiques. Un parallèle systématique est fait entre le hip-hop et des mouvements culturels comme le surréalisme et le situationnisme pour repérer un certain nombre de formes ou processus homologiques, liés à la précarité et à la conflictualité, à l'action en réseau et au référentiel de la ville.
L'exil, cité de l'historien
Authors: Payen Pascal
Published: December 2022

L’esilio, città dello storico

Nel suo trattato «Corne si deve scrivere la storia», nel centosessantacinque della nostra era, Luciano di Samosata dichiara che lo storico deve essere «straniero nei suoi libri e senza città, indipendente, senza re». Lo storico sognerebbe dunque, fino dai tempi di Erodote, di essere senza terra-patria, o più precisamente, la sua «terra-promessa » sarebbe, secondo la tradizione greca, di non averne. Longi da limitarsi ai soli dati biografici che potrebbero condurre ad un facile determinismo, la sua analisi preferisce interessarsi ai modi di elaborazione della strana configurazione del sapere, cosi delineata. Se è vero, infatti, che la maggior parte degli «storici» greci di prima importanza (Erodote, Tucidide, Xenofonte, Polibe, Guiseppe Flavio) furono degli sradicati o fecero l'esperienza del l’esilio, sembra che rinunciare alla città, e forse ad ogni città, sia stato vissuto ed intuito, molto presto, corne condizione necessaria per l'indagine storica. Non ogni esiliato greco diventa storico ; però senza l’erranza dell’esilio e la crescente lucidità concessa da tale scomoda situazione, non c'è possibilità di diventare uno storico. Per lo meno si deve venire a patti con questa vivente eredità millenaria.
Erevan, «ville promise». Le rapatriement des Arméniens de la diaspora, 1921-1948
Authors: Ter Minassian Taline
Published: December 2022

Ville-capitale depuis 1918, Erevan porte la marque des différentes vagues de rapatriements (nerkaght) organisés pendant l’entre-deux-guerres et après la seconde guerre mondiale depuis les pays de la diaspora arménienne du Moyen-Orient et d'Europe occidentale. Cet article envisage les divers aspects de la relation qui s'établit entre diaspora et territoire urbain : apparition d'une toponymie commémorative rappelant le nom de villes perdues de l'Arménie turque, représentation idéale de Erevan dans la propagande orchestrée en faveur du rapatriement. De 1921 à 1936, les rapatriements semblent s'inscrire dans le cadre d'une tentative de «colonisation» qui renforce Erevan dans son rôle de capitale. Dans le contexte soviétique de l'époque, «l'accueil» des immigrants se réalise dans des conditions souvent déplorables même si des fonds, parfois considérables, provenant des unions compatriotiques ou des organisations philanthropiques de la diaspora ont été transférés afin de contribuer à la fondation de nouveaux bourgs d'immigrants. Les rapatriements plus massifs de 1946-1948 ont apporté après la seconde guerre mondiale, une contribution non négligeable à la croissance urbaine de Erevan. L'insertion professionnelle des rapatriés s'inscrit alors dans l'évolution de «l'économie urbaine» de Erevan. Toutefois, la constitution de véritables quartiers de rapatriés, zones distinctes dans l'espace urbain, reflète les difficultés d'adaptation à la société arménienne soviétique. Ainsi, la plupart des rapatriés tenteront de reprendre le chemin du retour à partir de la période post-stalinienne.
Pour une histoire de la conversion (Espagnes, XIIe-XVIe siècles)
Authors: Denjean Claude
Published: December 2022

Per una storia della conversione (Le Spagne nei secoli XII° et XVI°). Quest’articulo propone di studiare la conversione degli Ebrei nei regni spagnoli, modificandone l'angola di approccio. La riflessione porta sui mecanismi della conversione e soprattuto della sua messa in scena e in racconto, e meno sui convertiti stessi, di cui lo studio è spesso edificato da fonti che privilegiano la fine dei secoli XV° et XVI°, trattando il «problema del convertito» visto alla luce del le fonti inquisitoriali. L'accento è messo non più sui la sola conversione al cristianesimo ma sui rapporto fra conversione all'ebraismo e conversione al cattolicesiomo. La cronologia privilegia così il periodo che precede le onde di conversioni massiccie dopo 1391 et 1414. La dimostrazione insta sulle esitazioni del vocabolario medioevale : «conversos», «neofiti »... illustrando l'impossibilità di terminare il processo di conversione e anche i dubbi della società sulla veracità e l'onestà del lattesimo sono una minoranza minacciata di scomparsa. Le demande sono formulate a proposito di problemi pratici che strutturano la società : il matrimonio, lo statuto del bambino e della filiazione, il rapporto fra spazio privato e spazio publico.
La prise du «voile» chez les converties à l'islam. Un ultime rite de passage
Authors: Weibel Nadine B.
Published: December 2022

The "Veil Taking" among Converts to Islam : A Final Transition Ritual This paper intends to study the taking of the hijâb, the legal Islamic clothe that covers up the whole body with the exception of face and hands, among converts to Islam, according to transition rituals such as codified by ethnology. After the separation from a world totally exempt from Islamic reference, which is not without consequence because of its somehow brutal dimension, the incorporation in the adoptive group corresponds to the individual re-birth within the community to which one identifies clearly. This process carried out in midst of Western European secularised societies puts into question the latter about the deliquescence of sacred meaning.
La «question nationale» en Union soviétique pendant le Dégel
Authors: Romm Mikhail Ilitch
Published: December 2022

La «cuestión national» en la Unión soviética durante el deshielo : El punto de vista del cineasta Mikhail Ilitch Romm.

El 27 de noviembre de 1962, el cineasta Mikhail Romm pronuncia delante de los miembros de la Unión teatral de Rusia en

Moscú un discurso que tiene gran repercusión. En aquel discurso denuncia públicamente el antisemitismo de las autoridades soviéticas, mostrando los límites y la fragilidad del proceso de la destalinización Muy pronto, las palabras del famoso director se transcriben, se reproducen y difunden solapadamente en el seno de la intelectualidad soviética.
Comment les Peuls sont-ils devenus des Juifs ? Au sujet de l'une des versions de l'origine orientale des Fulbé (Afrique de l'Ouest, début du XXe siècle)
Authors: Pondopoulo Anna
Published: December 2022

En torno al origen de los Peuls (Africa del oeste). Genealogía mítica y construcción identitaria (siglos 19 y 20). Los Peuls o Fulbé - población del oeste africano desde Senegal hasta Tchad - se han visto otorgado por los europeos, desde hace dos siglos, origenes particulares que los distinguen de las otras poblaciones locales descritas como «negras» o «autóctonas». Varios son los autores del siglo 19 que les atribuyen un origen etiope o berberisco y, más frecuentemente unas ascendencias extra-africanas : melano-polinesia, india, egipcia o judia. Estas filiaciones se fundamentan en dos grupos de indicios, de orden cultural, linguistico o antropológico. El articulo analiza muy especialmente el papel desempenado por Maurice Delafosse - un administrador colonial, etnógrafo e historiador - en la invención de un origen «judeo-sirio» de los Peuls, genealogía soñada que vino a tener un impacto decisivo y duradero en las representaciones de los Fulbé.
À la recherche d'ancêtres hindo-bouddhistes pour Madagascar. Une généalogie rêvée en situation coloniale (années 1920-1950)
Authors: Raison Françoise
Published: December 2022

Alla ricerca di antenati indo-buddisti per Madagascar. Una genealogia sognata in situazione coloniale dal 1920 al 1950.

Per tre secoli una forte componente asiatica è riconosciuta all'isola di Madagascar, ma le origini precise dei Malgaches restano un enigma aperto a tanti sogni. Cosi quello sognato - negli anni 1920-1950 - dallo ex-gesuita J. B. Razafintsa-lama ; da radici sanscritte di certi Malgaches, egli passa dalla genealogia delle parole a quella degli uomini e riesce a collegare i Malgaches con supposti missionari asiatici messageri si buddismo. Sotto la firma di Dama-Ntsoha, egli descrive i valori del passato di una sociétà di puro amore e di aiuto reciproco. Una visione ispiratrice del movimento nazionalista e costitutrice di una sotto-cultura cittadina resistente all'impatto del sapere universitario.
The Jacobite Presence in Toulouse during the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Corp Edward
Published: December 2022

Au cours du XVIIIe siècle, une diaspora jacobite s'est étendue à travers l'Europe, notamment à Toulouse. Cette présence de Britanniques en exil est devenue plus importante à partir de 1741, quand Richard Barnewall a établi une loge de franc-maçons jacobites à Toulouse, et après 1758 quand Arthur Dillon est devenu archevêque de la ville.
Ethnic Restaurants as Mirrors of Identity. The Case of Turkish Restaurants in London
Authors: El Rashidi Seif
Published: December 2022

■ Seif El Rashidi

Restaurants als Spiegel ethnischer Identität : die türkischen Restaurants in London

Dieser Artikel geht davon aus, daß der öffentliche Raum ein Ort des Austausches von Ideen ist, und stellt das ethnische Restaurant als eine für jedermann offene Einrichtung vor, in der sich unterschiedliche Kulturen begegnen und Kulturgemeinschaften ihre Identitäten, ihre Allianzen und ihre eigenen Wertsysteme vorstellen. Hier wird eine Fallstudie der türkischen Kolonie von London vorgenommen : türkische Restaurants in den "Türkenvierteln" und in den nicht-türkischen Wohngebieten Londons werden miteinander verglichen, was die gegenwartige Verfaßtheit und die künftigen Entwicklungslinien der türkischen Identität begreifbar macht. Das kollektive Gedächtnis der türkischen Diaspora wird dem unter den Nicht-Türken verbreiteten Bild des "Türkentums" gegenübergestellt. Hierbei wird die Entscheidungsmöglichkeit der türkischen Gemeinschaft deutlich, in der Anpassung an ihr gesellschaftliches Umfeld ihre kulturelle Identität entweder zu verdrängen oder aber groß herauszustellen. eingehend untersucht, auf welche Weise sie von dem Streben des Einzelnen nach gesellschaftlicher Anerkennung zeugen und, in allgemeinerem Maßstab, von den Vorstellungen, die eine Immigrantengruppe von ihrer Eingliederung in eine Aufnahmegesellschaft hat.
Manières de table des immigrés. L'exemple de Juifs tunisiens à Paris
Authors: Balland Mounier Christine
Published: December 2022

■ Christine Balland-Mounier

Habitos de los inmigrantes en la mesa : el ejemplo de judíos tunezinos de Paris

Lo que nos va a interesar aquí no es tanto el estudio de la evolución de la alimentación de una población inmigrante pero más bien la cuestión de saber cómo la alimentación puede ser percibida por los miembros de dicha población como un elemento clave necesario de dominar en la perspectiva de una estrategia definida en términos de ascenso social. La población considerada la constituye un conjunto de judíos originarios de la ciudad de Túnez y de su región, llegados a Francia en los años 60, después de los acontecimientos que acompañaron el acceso del país a la independencia y hoy instalados en Paris y sus alrededores. Ya que la importancia de la alimentación como acto social no necesita ser demostrada, se analiza detalladamente aquí cómo la alimentación testimonia de las aspiraciones sociales de los individuos, es decir de forma general cómo una población inmigrante contempla su integración en la sociedad de acogida.
Du «non-lieu de mémoire» à la «CNHI». Les historiens et la reconnaissance de l'immigration en France
Authors: Blanc-Chaléard Marie-Claude
Published: December 2022

■ Blanc-Chaléard

Dal «non luogo della memoria» al «CNHI» : gli storici e il riconoscimiento dell'immigrazione in Francia

L'idea di un museo capace di porre la memoria al posto giusto nella nazione è, da quasi vent'anni, una proposta degli storici. Sta per diventare una realtà con la nascita della «Città Nazionale della Storia dell'lmmigrazione». Questo contributo torna in dietro sulla storia del progetto, sulla sua realizzazione in corso e sul posto occupato dagli storici, in un contesta press'a poco paradossale.
"Nouvelles" migrations chinoises, économies plurielles et "individuation globalisée" en Europe
Authors: Roulleau-Berger Laurence
Published: December 2022

Les nouvelles migrations chinoises révèlent très nettement des phénomènes de segmentation et de pluralisation des économies avec la démultiplication d'espaces transnationaux qui participent au déplacement et à la redéfinition des frontières de nouveaux territoires productifs multisitués. Elles rendent compte de mondialisations «par le bas» et «par le haut», dans lesquelles les biographies tendent à se cosmopolitiser et à s'individualiser.
Barça ou Barsaax : (Aller à Barcelone ou mourir). Le désenchantement des familles et des candidats sénégalais à la migration
Authors: Tandian Aly
Published: December 2022

Barcelona sehen oder sterben : Senegalesen unterwegs nach Europa. „Barça ou Barsaax” [„Barcelona sehen oder sterben”] lautete der Schlachtruf der Senegalesen beim Besteigen jener bunten Pirogen, die kürzlich bei den Kanarischen Inseln angelandet sind. Warum nahmen sie dieses Wagnis auf sich ? Bei der Einschiffung auf diesen zerbrechlichen Booten war es ihr sehnlichster Wunsch, in Europa reich zu werden. Zu ihrer bitteren Enttauschung wurde eine große Anzahl von ihnen (mehr als 4.000) mit Charterflügen in ihre Heimat zurück-verfrachtet. Nachdem sie dem Meer und seinen Gefahren getrotzt hatten, fiel so ihr Traum von einem sorgenfreien Exil in Spanien wie ein Kartenhaus in sich zusammen.
"Une immense fosse commune". Une dénonciation de la réserve juive de Lublin au début de 1940 présenté par Laurent Broche
Authors: Broche Laurent
Published: December 2022

Una “immensafosa comun” : una denuncia de la reserva judia de Lublin al principio de 1940.

A principios del año 1940, la periodista e historiadora Antonina Vallentin, cercana a muchos opositores al nazismo, publica en la editorial Denoël Les atrocités allemandes en Pologne. En esta publicación denuncia la politica alemana en Polonia y muy especialmente la Réserva Judia de Lublin. El interés de esta publicación, inscrita en la lista Otto a partir de septiembre 1940, radica en la intensidad y en la precocidad del testimonio así como en la posición ocupada por su autora. Esta escritora, nacida en una familia judia de Lwow viene a ser, después de su matrimonio con Julián Luchaire, la suegra politica del patrón de prensa colaboracionista Jean Luchaire.