bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and evaluation of imiquimod-loaded nanoemulsion-based gel for the treatment of skin cancer
Authors: Jadhav Shital T. , Salunkhe Vijay R. , Bhinge Somnath D. , Honmane Sandip M. , Jadhav Aasha S.
Published: July 2024

Background

The human skin, as the body’s largest organ, is particularly sensitive to many chemical mutagens and carcinogens encountered in daily life. Skin cancer has become a notable global health concern, partly due to increased exposure to environmental pollutants and UV rays. Various treatments are available to treat skin cancer. Imiquimod is approved for the treatment of actinic keratosis and basal cell carcinoma. The present investigation aimed to develop nanoemulsion-based gel with imiquimod (2.5% w/w) and carbopol ultrez 10 NF using a modified method to enhance the solubility, permeation, and therapeutic effectiveness of imiquimod to treat skin cancer. Combinations of rose oil and oleic acid, with Tween 20/Propylene glycol as Smix, were used in the formulation. The formulation underwent evaluation for parameters such as % drug content, in vitro drug diffusion studies, viscosity, skin irritation, in vitro cytotoxicity assay (MTT assay) and the DMBA/ croton oil skin cancer in vivo model.

Results

The formulation showed a minimum globule size of 118 nm, a zeta potential– 56.26 mV, a PDI of 0.378 and a drug content of 99.77%. In vitro drug release exhibited 45.00% of imiquimod release within 8 h, while approximately 34.32% release was found from the commercial cream. The imiquimod-loaded nanoemulsion-based gel showed significant cytotoxicity (p < 0.001) against the A431 cell line compared to Imiquad cream. The IC50 value of the imiquimod-loaded nanoemulsion-based gel was noted to be 10.76 ± 2.54 µg/mL. In vivo results showed a significant reduction in tumor incidence (16.66%), tumor volume (140.26 ± 3.48 mm3), tumor burden (5.50 mm3) and tumor mass (0.66 ± 0.05 g) compared with the DMBA/croton oil carcinogen treatment control group. Histopathological finding showed the absence of keratinized pearls, epidermal hyperplasia, and acanthosis in the formulation treated group.

Conclusion

The results revealed that the nanoemulsion-based gel, with half the IMQ concentration of the commercial cream and incorporating Carbopol Ultrez 10NF, is a promising method for treating skin carcinogenesis. It potentially reduces dose-dependent side effects and demonstrating enhanced efficacy.

Graphical abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids: a comprehensive scientific review of their sources, functions and health benefits
Authors: Patted Pradnya G. , Masareddy Rajashree S. , Patil Archana S. , Kanabargi Ravikiran R. , Bhat Chetan T.
Published: July 2024

Background

In recent years, public awareness of healthy diets has significantly increased, leading to a rise in the consumption of nutritional supplements. Among these, omega-3 fatty acids have become particularly popular. n − 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are widely distributed in marine and terrestrial environments. The primary sources of marine n − 3 fatty acid supplements are oily fish, such as anchovies, sardines and mackerel. Recently, they have drawn considerable attention for their potential therapeutic benefits in treating a range of illnesses, including cancer, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, immunological and reproductive diseases, respectively.

Main text

This study explores the many activities of n − 3 PUFAs, highlighting their importance in cellular processes that include signaling pathways, cell membrane integrity and structural maintenance. These fatty acids significantly regulate important physiological functions including the neurological system, blood pressure control, hematopoiesis, glucose metabolism and inflammatory responses. The latter highlights the wide therapeutic range of n − 3 PUFAs is especially notable considering the implications for controlling inflammatory disorders. Furthermore, the chemistry and dietary sources of omega-3 fatty acids are clarified in this review, which also sheds light on the complex molecular pathways that support the therapeutic efficacy of these fats and their bioavailability. The most recent information on the FDA's approval of omega-3 oils for use in formulation development highlights the compounds' adaptability and potential influence on the development of novel medications.

Conclusion

A thorough analysis of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids reveals both their remarkable therapeutic potential against a variety of diseases and their essential place in a normal diet. This study adds to the increasing amount of data that supports the use of n − 3 PUFAs in preventative and therapeutic approaches that are meant to improve human health and well-being by clarifying their mechanisms of action and emphasizing their applicability in formulation and development.
Hematological indices: potential markers of disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis patients treated with biological drugs
Authors: Ibrahim Amira M. , El-Nahal Ayat S. , Ahmed Hebatalla A. , Youssif Zeinab A. , Abdelsalam Mahmoud A.
Published: July 2024

Background

Some important hematological indices implement acute phase reactions. They can be used to assess disease activity and therapeutic response in many inflammatory conditions. This work aimed to determine whether different hematological indices can be used to assess disease activity and therapeutic response in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) on biological drugs.

Patients and methods

Ninety-seven AS patients and a similar number of controls were involved in the current study. The Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) was used to assess the disease activity. Different complete blood count parameters and indices were assessed.

Results

There was a significant difference between the patients and controls as regards mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, red blood cells count, red cell distribution width, mean platelet volume, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). Moreover, there was a statistical correlation between ASDAS on one side and hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HTC), lymphocyte count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), PLR, and SII on the other side. When the patient group was divided into 2 subgroups according to ASDAS, with patients with inactive and low disease activity in one subgroup and those with very high and high disease activity in another subgroup, there was a significant difference as regards Hb, HTC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, NLR, PLR, SII, and also ESR and CRP levels. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between PLR and SII levels on one side and ESR on the other side.

Conclusion

Hematological indices such as PLR, NLR, and SII might be potential markers for follow-up of disease activity and therapeutic response in AS patients treated with biological therapy. This emphasizes the significance of a comprehensive approach for AS patient assessment and follow-up of therapeutic drugs, considering inflammatory markers, hematological indices, and disease activity scores.
Addressing the asthma crisis in Africa: challenges, strategies, and recommendations for improved management
Authors: Faniyi Ayodeji Amos , Okesanya Olalekan John , Nukpezah Ruth Nimota , Ibiwoye Deborah Oluwaferanmi , Eshun Gilbert , Adigun Olaniyi Abideen , Okon Inibehe Ime , Ukoaka Bonaventure Michael , Olabode Olaleke Noah , Eliseo Don Lucero-Prisno
Published: July 2024

Asthma poses a significant health burden in Africa despite being often underdiagnosed and undertreated. With rising incidence rates and large variations in healthcare infrastructure, its management remains threatened by limited access to medical resources and qualified specialists. The prevalence of asthma in Africa is highlighted, with broad estimates and insufficient information on the disease’s burden and determinants. In addition to diagnostic challenges, under treatment, medication unavailability, sociocultural misunderstandings, and poor healthcare infrastructure remain the hallmarks of asthma management in Africa. This review synthesized evidence on the prevalence of asthma in Africa, explored the challenges in managing asthma across the continent, and proposed potential strategies to improve treatment outcomes. Literature was obtained via electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, with additional searches conducted via Google Scholar to identify all available studies. Studies have reported a staggeringly high prevalence of asthma, exceeding 12% on average. Notably, a significant number of these cases are suboptimally controlled, with limited access to healthcare and deficiencies in healthcare delivery systems identified as major contributing factors. Numerous strategies have been proposed to circumvent the limitations faced in effective asthma management. Measures such as the development of national and regional evidence-based asthma guidelines, the provision of affordable medicines and diagnostic equipment, and the improvement of community-based asthma education programs can expedite the goals of asthma control programs. Furthermore, reorienting health systems to incorporate asthma care into primary care and investing in human resource capacity are critical steps. Adopting evidence-based treatment guidelines, such as those established by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), can drastically reduce asthma morbidity and mortality. Through concerted collaboration and synergistic integration of these strategies, the potential for effective asthma management across the continent holds, transcending existing disparities and ushering in an era of improved healthcare services for individuals grappling with this chronic respiratory ailment in Africa.
Potential utility of hemogram indices in hepatitis C virus-related vasculitis: a case–control study
Authors: Abdulazim Dina O. , Fawzy Samar M. , El-Hindawy Aya K. , Abdelaziz Mohamed S. , Eissa Basma M.
Published: July 2024

Background

Hemogram indices are simple, economic indicators of the systemic inflammation characteristic of autoimmune diseases including vasculitides. The clinical utility of hemogram indices in hepatitis C virus-related vasculitis (HCV-V) has not been established. This study aimed to evaluate neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil/hemoglobin ratio (NHR), platelet/hemoglobin ratio (PHR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) as potential biomarkers of HCV-V, and their relationship with disease activity. This cross-sectional case–control study was conducted in the departments of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation and Hepatogastroenterology, at Cairo University Hospital. Patients with HCV-V, patients with HCV infection free from extrahepatic manifestations (HCV sine vasculitis), and healthy control subjects were recruited. HCV-V activity was assessed using the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS).

Results

Twenty-four HCV-V patients, 21 HCV sine vasculitis patients, and 40 healthy controls were recruited. Age and sex distribution was similar across groups. In HCV-V patients, NLR, PLR, NHR, and SII were higher than healthy controls, with NLR (area under curve (AUC) 0.94, p = 0.002), PLR (AUC 0.72, p = 0.007), NHR (AUC 0.89, p < 0.001) and SII (AUC 0.92, p < 0.001) discriminating both groups. PHR correlated with BVAS (r = 0.53, p = 0.007) while NHR correlated with ESR (r = 0.55, p = 0.007). NLR, NHR, and SII were higher in HCV-V than HCV sine vasculitis patients, with NHR (AUC 0.74, p = 0.022) and SII (AUC 0.75, p = 0.038) discriminating in both groups.

Conclusion

Hemogram indices are useful biomarkers of HCV-V. Longitudinal studies are recommended to explore the predictive power of HCV-infected patients developing vasculitis and their potential relationship with therapeutic response and disease relapse.
From virus to viral: content analysis of HIV-related Twitter messages among young men in the U.S.
Authors: Wang Yunwen , Bannon Jacqueline Ann , Roszkowska Natalia , Wilson Essence Lynn , Bonett Stephen , Lazarus Elizabeth , Dowshen Nadia , Stevens Robin
Published: July 2024

Background

Adolescents and young adults account for over 21% of new HIV infections in the U.S. with most new cases among young men. As an important information source for this group, social media can uniquely reveal the perspectives and communicative patterns of this key population. We identified 6,439 young male Twitter users (ages 13–24) in the U.S. using an NLP pipeline with geolocations. From their Twitter timelines, we collected 24,600 HIV-related tweets, among which the most retweeted and favorited tweets (n = 472) were analyzed through a content analysis.

Results

Three themes arose in this online viral discourse around HIV among young men: (i) othering, (ii) politics and activism, (iii) risk and wellness. Othering tweets contained stigmatizing jokes and insults alienating individuals who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer or questioning, intersex, asexual, or being elsewhere on the gender and sexuality spectrum (LGBTQIA +), and people with HIV. Politics and activism tweets discussed awareness, stigma, HIV criminalization, violence, LGBTQIA + , and women’s rights. Risk and wellness tweets discussed risk behaviors for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (e.g., condomless sex, transactional sex, multiple sexual partners), or safer sex and preventive practices (e.g., pre-exposure prophylaxis [PrEP], condom use, achieving undetectable viral load, medication adherence, and STI testing).

Conclusion

The social acceptability of high-risk sex behaviors is high among young male Twitter users. Given the double-edged nature of social media—health-promoting (e.g., awareness, health activism) as well as risk-promoting (e.g., risky behavior endorsement, identity attacks)— this population may benefit from targeted health communication intervention. Future HIV prevention efforts should counter the stigma, misinformation, and risk-promoting viral messages prevalent on social media.
Ultrasound-Guided Serratus Posterior Superior Intercostal Plane Block in Modified Radical Mastectomy Surgeries: A Case Series
Authors: Balci Fatih , Tekcan Muhammed Nail , Gündoğdu Oğuz , Avci Onur
Published: July 2024

Effective pain management is crucial for modified radical mastectomy (MRM) surgeries. The Serratus Posterior Superior Intercostal Plane Block (SPSIPB), introduced in 2023, shows promise for postoperative analgesia. This study was designed to demonstrate the analgesic efficacy of the SPSIPB in MRM surgeries. SPSIPB was administered to 7 patients who underwent MRM for postoperative analgesia. NRS scores of patients were ≤4 and total tramadol consumption was 0 mg in 3 of 7 patients. In conclusion, SPSIPB appears to be an effective, safe, and easily applicable option for analgesia.
Experimental playback of urban noise does not affect cognitive performance in captive Australian magpies
Authors: Connelly Farley , Johnsson Robin D. , Mulder Raoul A. , Hall Michelle L. , Lesku John A.
Published: July 2024

Exposure of wildlife to anthropogenic noise is associated with disruptive effects. Research on this topic has focused on behavioural and physiological responses of animals to noise, with little work investigating links to cognitive function. Neurological processes that maintain cognitive performance can be impacted by stress and sleep disturbances. While sleep loss impairs cognitive performance in Australian magpies, it is unclear whether urban noise, which disrupts sleep, can impact cognition as well. To fill this gap, we explored how environmentally relevant urban noise affected the performance of wild-caught, city-living Australian magpies (Gymnorhina tibicen tyrannica) on a cognitive task battery including associative and reversal learning, inhibitory control, and spatial memory. Birds were housed and tested in a laboratory environment; sample sizes varied across tasks (n=7–9 birds). Tests were conducted over 4 weeks, during which all magpies were exposed to both an urban noise playback and a quiet control. Birds were presented with the entire test battery twice: following exposure to, and in the absence of, an anthropogenic noise playback; however, tests were always performed without noise (playback muted during testing). Magpies performed similarly in both treatments on all four tasks. We also found that prior experience with the associative learning task had a strong effect on performance, with birds performing better on their second round of trials. Like previous findings on Australian magpies tested on the same tasks in the wild under noisy conditions, we could not find any disruptive effects on cognitive performance in a controlled experimental laboratory setting.
Communicating about Confidence: Cheap Talk with an Ambiguity-Averse Receiver
Authors: Colo Philippe
Published: July 2024

An expert, who is only informed of the probability of possible states, communicates with a decision-maker through cheap talk. The decision-maker considers different probability distributions over states as possible and is ambiguity averse. I show that all equilibria of the game are equivalent to partitional ones and that the most informative is interim dominant for the expert. Information transmission regarding probabilities that are bad news for the decision-maker is facilitated by ambiguity aversion. However, ambiguity aversion also makes information transmission impossible, whatever the preference misalignment, regarding probabilities that are good news for him. (JEL C72, D81, D83)
Intelligence Disclosure and Cooperation in Repeated Interactions
Authors: Lambrecht Marco , Proto Eugenio , Rustichini Aldo , Sofianos Andis
Published: July 2024

How does information about players’ intelligence affect strategic behavior? Game theory, based on the assumption of common knowledge of rationality, does not provide useful predictions. We experimentally show that, in the Prisoner’s Dilemma, disclosure hampers cooperation: higher-intelligence players trust their partners less when playing against someone of lower ability. Similarly, in the Battle of Sexes with low payoff inequality, disclosure disrupts coordination, as higher-intelligence players try to force their most preferred outcome. Instead, with higher payoff inequality, behavior changes and higher-intelligence players concede. We analyze the reasons for these patterns of behavior. (JEL C72, C73, C92, D83, D91)
Legal aspects and government policy in increasing the role of MSMEs in the Halal ecosystem
Authors: Hidayat Yusup , Machmud Aris , Zulhuda Sonny , Suartini Suartini
Published: July 2024

Background Indonesia currently could not make it to the top ten global halal due to some external and internal factors, although it is the largest Muslim country. In the external sector, the competition map is getting tougher, while internally, there are handicaps in the form of weak public awareness of competition. As a country with the largest Muslim population in the world, Indonesia can become one of the largest markets in the world. As indicated in the Global Islamic Economic Report (GIER), Indonesia is one of the top ten countries that control the Islamic economic market, yet it fails to dominate its Islamic market. Accordingly, the government needs to play a stronger role through regulatory policies to encourage the development of the Islamic economic ecosystem in Indonesia (halal value chain). The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze the existence of Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia in the world’s market for Halal products and Services. Methods The researchers have conducted a form of normative juridical research with the analytical descriptive method, namely by collecting, describing, analyzing, and presenting what is (das sein) and what ought to be (das sollen). Results Support from the government and stakeholders has not been optimal in improving welfare - capital access, management, and halal certification, so the existence of the global halal ecosystem has not yet impacted MSMEs’ ability to compete competitively. Conclusions The conclusion of this study shows that the quadruple helix innovation system is capable of guaranteeing the development of MSMEs in a manner to achieves a high level of competitiveness - efficiency, and effectiveness of the products and services produced.
The effect of women’s bargaining power within couples on contraceptive use in Cameroon
Authors: Tchakounté Tchuimi Dimitri , Kamga Benjamin Fomba
Published: July 2024

Background The prevalence of contraception among married women, evaluated at 23%, is low in Cameroon. Maternal death rates, estimated at 782 deaths per 100,000 live births, are very worrying. The National Strategic Plan for Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (2015–2020) and the Health Sector Strategy (2016–2027) focuses on increasing modern contraceptive prevalence as a means to reduce maternal death. This paper identifies women’s bargaining power as a factor that may stimulate contraceptive use. The objective of this study is to analyze the association between women's bargaining power within couples and modern contraceptive use. Methods The data used come from the fifth Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted in 2018. Women’s bargaining power within couple is measured by a Woman Bargaining Power Composite Index (WBPCI) built through a multiple correspondence analysis. The logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between WBPCI and modern contraceptive use. Results The results of the descriptive statistics show that women's bargaining power is higher among women who use contraception than for those who do not. The results of the logistic regression model show that an increase of WBPCI was significantly associated with higher chances of using a modern contraceptive method (OR = 1.352; 95% CI: 1.257, 1.454; p <0.01). The education of women is also a key determinant since educated women were at least two times more likely to use a modern contraceptive method than uneducated women. Conclusions To reduce high maternal death rates in Cameroon, public health policies should not only focus on the health system itself, but should also focus on social policies to empower women in the household.
Post-traumatic stress disorder in military personnel and veterans
Authors: Huitt Candace
Published: July 2024

Background Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remains a significant concern among military personnel, with combat experiences posing a heightened risk. Methods A mixed methods approach was employed to investigate PTSD's diverse nature, utilizing both quantitative surveys and qualitative inquiry. The study involved thirty participants, predominantly male and Caucasian, with varying military service backgrounds. Results Quantitative analysis revealed a high prevalence of traumatic experiences prompting mental health care seeking, alongside dissatisfaction with available military-connected mental health care options. Qualitative analysis uncovered coping strategies ranging from therapeutic counseling to medication. Conclusions Despite interest in mental health care services, satisfaction levels were suboptimal, indicating a need for improved support structures. The findings underscore the ongoing emotional toll of traumatic events, with implications for substance abuse and relationship challenges. Future research should aim for greater diversity in participant demographics and explore partnerships with veteran organizations for enhanced outreach and support initiatives.
Applications of Homomorphic Encryption in Secure Computation
Authors: Mollakuqe Elissa , Parduzi Arber , Rexhepi Shasivar , Dimitrova Vesna , Jakupi Samir , Muharremi Rilind , Hamiti Mentor , Qarkaxhija Jusuf
Published: July 2024

Background Homomorphic encryption (HE) represents a pivotal innovation in modern cryptography, offering a pathway to secure computation on encrypted data. This paper embarks on a comprehensive exploration of HE's applications, elucidating its transformative potential in bolstering data security and privacy across various domains. Methods The research employs a mixed-methods approach to evaluate HE technologies. Quantitatively, it develops realistic datasets simulating healthcare and financial data, assessing HE's performance in encrypted computations. Various encryption schemes are rigorously tested for efficiency and accuracy under different conditions. Qualitatively, insights from expert interviews and case studies of HE implementations provide additional context on practical challenges and strategic benefits. Results The simulations and analyses showcase the efficiency, scalability, and security of HE techniques in diverse scenarios. The empirical evidence validates the real-world applicability of HE, demonstrating its versatility and efficacy in secure computation outsourcing, privacy-preserving data analysis, and secure multi-party computation. Conclusions This research paper highlights the transformative power of homomorphic encryption, advocating for its widespread adoption and integration. By bridging the gap between theoretical understanding and practical implementation, the paper contributes to advancing secure computation practices, addressing contemporary challenges in data security and privacy amidst evolving cybersecurity threats and the increasing ubiquity of sensitive data. In essence, this research serves as a beacon of insight into the future of data confidentiality and integrity, promoting HE as a crucial tool for revolutionizing the landscape of data security and privacy in an interconnected world.
Epidemiological association between water salinity and blood pressure in coastal populations: ambient temperature’s role as a confounder
Authors: Naser Abu Mohammed , Clemmer John S. , Mazumder Hoimonty , Pickering Emily V. , Caban-Martinez Alberto J. , Makris Konstantinos C. , Iqbal Romaina , Creencia Lota , Oliva Raymond , Shamsudduha Mohammad , Jahan Farjana , Rahman Mahbubur , Essink Gualbert Oude , Fleming Lora E. , Gribble Matthew O.
Published: July 2024

Due to global climate change and anthropogenic activities, many low-lying coastal communities experience high sodium in drinking water as a result of saltwater intrusion, an emerging environmental health problem in many coastal regions. Drinking saline water is associated with higher sodium intake and hypertension. Exposure to higher ambient temperatures is common in many regions affected by saltwater intrusion, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Little attention has been given to the role of ambient temperature in the epidemiological association between drinking saline water and population blood pressure. We argue that high ambient temperatures increase water salinity and influence communities' sodium intake, urinary sodium excretion, and blood pressure. Hence, we hypothesize that ambient temperature is a potential confounder for the relationship between drinking saline water and population blood pressure. Testing the hypothesis requires a detailed measurement of urinary, blood, and sweat biomarkers (e.g., sodium), the population's blood pressure, and their drinking water’s salinity. An increasing number of coastal regions and islands will face the dual burden of high ambient heat exposure and saltwater intrusion in the future. Future studies are needed to determine the association between drinking saline water and blood pressure after adjusting for ambient temperature in saltwater intrusion-affected regions.
The genome sequence of a longhorn beetle, Stenurella melanura (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Crowley Liam M. , Poloni Riccardo ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: July 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual adult female Stenurella melanura (a longhorn beetle; Arthropoda; Insecta; Coleoptera; Cerambycidae). The genome sequence is 1,616.9 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 10 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 19.46 kilobases in length.
The genome sequence of the silvery leafcutter bee, Megachile leachella Curtis, 1828
Authors: Sivell Olga , Hawkes William L. S. ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: July 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Megachile leachella (the silvery leafcutter bee; Arthropoda; Insecta; Hymenoptera; Megachilidae). The genome sequence is 573.0 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 16 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 21.04 kilobases in length.
Workouts tailored for idiopathic scoliosis - a review
Authors: Jerzak Aneta , Jakubowska Katarzyna , Janocha Aleksandra , Ziemba Paweł
Published: July 2024

Introduction and purpose
Idiopathic scoliosis is a three-dimensional, structural deformity (curvature) of the spine and torso, occurring in 1-3% of children, most commonly between the ages of 10 and 16 (often noted during adolescence and rapid growth). It is significantly more prevalent in girls, and its cause remains unknown. Untreated scoliosis typically progresses, leading to postural abnormalities, abnormal breathing patterns, pain syndromes, and a reduced quality of life for the patient. The aim of our study was to present scoliosis-specific exercises that can halt and potentially reverse the spinal curvature angle.
Materials and methods
The literature included in the PubMed databases is searched through the words such as scoliosis, idiopathic scoliosis, physiotherapy and exercises.
Description of the state of knowledge:
The literature review shows the breadth of the issue. Physiotherapeutic exercises specific to scoliosis is conducted for therapeutic objectives, with the aim of reducing deformity and slowing its advancement. Moreover, it seeks to maintain the achieved enhancement, ultimately striving to minimize reliance on corrective devices or surgical procedures. In each case, the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis involves the application of exercises based on specific physiotherapy methods for scoliosis, such as the Schroth Method, Lyon Method, and others. Exercises are individually tailored to the size and shape of the curvature as well as the patient’s capabilities. Their aim is three-dimensional correction of the deformity, stabilization of the corrected posture, and maintaining it during daily activities.
Conclusions
The objectives of physiotherapy include halting the progression of curvature during adolescence, preventing respiratory dysfunction, preventing and treating spinal pain syndromes, and importantly, improving aesthetics through postural correction.
Utility of an alpha-1 adrenergic agonist in the management of chylothorax: a case series and management algorithm
Authors: Peralta Ruben , Ramzee Ahmed F. , Bakhsh Zeenat Khuda , El-Menyar Ayman , Ajaj Ahmed , Al-Thani Hassan
Published: July 2024

Chylothorax is the accumulation of lymphatic fluid (chyle) within the pleural space. There are multiple causes, including traumatic and non-traumatic mechanisms. Trauma can cause disruption of the thoracic duct either by direct damage or indirect crushing or avulsion mechanisms. Non-traumatic causes include infections, inflammatory processes, malignancies, and iatrogenic injury (during surgery or central venous access). The traditional management of traumatic chylothorax has been either a conservative approach, including complete nil per os, or a low-fat diet with medium-chain triglyceride supplementation with the administration of somatostatin or its analog, octreotide, versus a surgical approach consisting of thoracic duct ligation. Recently a less invasive approach via thoracic duct embolization has gained popularity. There have been a few reports of the successful use of an alpha 1-adrenergic agonist (midodrine) as an adjunct in the conservative approach. We describe the utility of midodrine in three cases of chylothorax and propose a management algorithm.
CARLOS WALTER PORTO-GONÇALVES, PRESENTE! A GEOGRAFIA DESCOLONIAL DE UM INTELECTUAL DE ABYA YALA
Authors: Dos Santos Renato Emerson Nascimento
Published: July 2024

Este texto é uma homenagem ao geógrafo, orientador de doutorado e amigo Carlos Walter Porto-Gonçalves, falecido em setembro de 2023. Um dos principais nomes da geografia brasileira e do pensamento social latino-americano nas últimas décadas, Carlos Walter em quase cinco décadas de trajetória intelectual e militante produziu, a partir de seus enredamentos acadêmicos e, principalmente, com lutas de movimentos sociais na Amazônia, no Brasil e na América Latina, um conjunto de ideias que reverberam através de suas publicações, mas também de alunos, orientandos e parceiros. O texto retoma algumas destas, aquelas que mais influenciaram nossa trajetória, em anos de aprendizado a partir do convívio com ele na Associação dos Geógrafos Brasileiros, no meu doutorado que ele orientou e em parcerias outras que tivemos desde então.
US policy regarding the Franco-Korean conflict of 1866
Authors: Cherkashchenko Oleh ,   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University
Published: July 2024

In the article comprehensively examines the process of formulating the Korean policy of the USA in the 1860-s, aimed at the «opening» of the Joseon state to foreign commerce. It is noted that this course was a direct continuation of the strategy, which passed the initial public test in the middle of the ХІХ-th century, during the violent «opening» of Japan. Examining the process of formulation of Washington's policy towards the Korean state of Joseon, the author proves that the reason for interference in Seoul's internal affairs was oppression and persecution by the «isolationist» government of the East Asian state. This problem became particularly acute in 1866, when the Joseon government massively persecuted the country's Christian community, which was developing under the patronage of the French Catholic mission. As a result of the conducted research, the author came to the following conclusions. The Korean policy of the USA became significantly more active in the 1860-s. Under the pretext of protecting French Catholic missionaries from repression by the Korean authorities, the White House advocated, along with other states (in particular, France) for the «opening» of Joseon to foreign trade. The latter was considered as a universal recipe for the spread of «civilized» rules of coexistence to the previously «isolated» countries of East Asia. The actions taken by Washington during this period can be interpreted as a «test of strength» in order to determine the further strategy of «opening up» Korea.
Figures of Zemstvo and Gubernia Statistical Services in Ukraine at the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century and their contribution to the development of local history studies
Authors: Shevtsova Yevheniia ,   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University
Published: July 2024

The author explores the significant contributions of individual figures from zemstvo and gubernia statistical services to the development of local history studies (kraevedenie) in Ukraine at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries. The aim of the article is to promote a deeper understanding of the role and contributions of these figures to the development of local history studies through examples of researchers from various regions of Ukraine. Analyzing their activities and biographies demonstrates how these individuals influenced the development of regional policies, socio-economic research, and scientific approaches of that time. The study also aims to fill gaps in historical science and provide new perspectives for contemporary scholars interested in the development of statistics and local history studies. It has been established that the activities of zemstvo and gubernia statistical services significantly influenced the formation and establishment of local history studies in Ukraine. The research methods used by statisticians and their publications, which have become classics of local history literature, are characterized. The activities of prominent statisticians such as Yuliy Yanson, Viktor Hoshkevych, Oleksandr Rusov, Hryhoriy Rotmistrov, Yosyp Rollé, and others are analyzed. It is emphasized that the research conducted by these statisticians is extremely valuable for understanding the socio-economic, historical, cultural, and demographic aspects of life in the regions of Ukraine. The conclusion is drawn that the contributions of zemstvo and gubernia figures had a lasting impact on local history studies and remain an important resource for researchers.
Charles Dubreuil's memoirs «Deux années en Ukraine (1917–1919)»
Authors: Mikhalskiy Igor ,   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Toroptseva Alona
Published: July 2024

In modern historical science, more and more attention is paid to the study of sources of personal origin, in particular memoirs, memories, notes, etc. Memoirs, which were created during historical events, more accurately convey the character and essence of that period. Therefore, now there is an increase in the attention of scientists to the study of social and cultural spheres of society's life in various historical periods, including during the First World War, through the study of memoir sources of foreign political and public figures. Foreign authors paid a lot of attention to the issues of Ukrainian statehood, socio-political and socio-economic problems. It has been determined that one of the vivid examples of this genre is the memoirs of French teacher and public figure Charles Dubreuil «Deux années en Ukraine (1917–1919)», who spent two years in Ukraine and was a direct eyewitness of military and socio-political events that took place in Ukraine. It has been noted that Charles Dubreuil's memoirs, which are devoted to the history of Ukraine in the period 1917–1919, are historically valuable both for the study of national history and for the analysis of the foreign vision of Ukraine as an independent state. In his work, the author not only provided his own observations and memories, but also thoroughly researched all spheres of the life of Ukrainian society: the political situation in the state, the situation and prospects of the Ukrainian economy, culture. He also paid attention to the historiography of the history of Ukraine, that distinguishes his work from among other memoir sources of a similar subject. Therefore, the translation of this work into Ukrainian is very relevant today. The translation of the 1st chapter of Charles Dubreuil's memoirs is presented in the article.
Literary-biographical works of S. A. Andreevsky, as a source of the history of the Luhansk region of the 40s – 50s of the 19th century
Authors: Lytvynenko Roman ,   Donetsk National University named after Vasyl Stus
Published: July 2024

The article provides a critical analysis of two literary-biographical works of a famous lawyer, poet and novelist, literary critic of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Serhii Arkadiyovych Andreevsky, with the aim of evaluating these works as sources from the history of the Luhansk region. A set of methodical remarks regarding the assessment of the accuracy and reliability of information contained in literary and biographical works and the results of its verification by other documents has been formulated. The childhood age of the author's observations, the lack of diary notes, and a significant chronological gap between the events and the writing of the memoirs were named among the factors that affected the degree of authenticity of the historical facts. The autobiography «The Book of Death» and the poetic poem «Tomorrow Days» reflect the childhood of Serhii Andreevskii, which dates back to the 40s and 50s of the 19th century, and which he spent in the villages surrounding Luhansk – Vesela Gora, Oleksandrivka and Raivka. The question of the genealogy of several noble families of the Slavyanoserbsk District of the Ekaterinoslav Province is analyzed, as well as their land holdings, everyday life, customs and lifestyle of local landowners, significant events in their lives, descriptions of their estates, etc. Interesting, albeit limited, facts about the life of the local Ukrainian peasantry, description of the villages of that time, nature and landscapes of the Ukrainian steppe and Siversky Donets were also extracted from the sources. The obtained and critically evaluated information is very important, partly unique, since the period of the second quarter of the 19th century is extremely poorly provided with documents for researching the history of the mentioned villages of the Luhansk region.
A continuous education
Authors: Fox Helen
Published: July 2024

Helen Fox details a multifaceted career in dentistry.
Protecting summer smiles
Authors: Symons Anne
Published: July 2024

Anne Symons advises on how to protect our oral health in warmer weather.
A calm atmosphere
Authors: Mayoh Alistair
Published: July 2024

Alistair Mayoh details how to create a trusting environment.
Network pharmacology combined with molecular docking revealed the potential targets of Coridius chinensis in prostate cancer treatment
Authors: Zhang Mei , Ma Jing , Zeng Feng-Yin , Hou Xiao-Hui
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Prostate cancer (PCa) has high morbidity and mortality rates in elderly men. With a history of thousands of years, traditional Chinese medicine derived from insects could be an important source for developing cancer-targeted drugs to prevent tumorigenesis, enhance therapeutic effects, and reduce the risk of recurrence and metastasis. Multiple studies have shown that Coridius chinensis (Cc) has anticancer effects.

AIM

To elucidate the mechanism of action of Cc against PCa via network pharmacology and molecular docking.

METHODS

Potential targets for Cc and PCa were predicted using ChemDraw 19.0 software, the PharmMapper database and the GeneCards database. Then, the STRING database was used to construct the protein–protein interaction network. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment and molecular docking analyses were subsequently conducted to identify the key targets, active ingredients and pathways involved.

RESULTS

GO and KEGG analyses indicated that the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway was the critical pathway (P value < 1.0 × 10-8). Multiple targeting ingredients that can affect multiple pathways in PCa have been identified in Cc. Seven active compounds (asponguanosines A, asponguanine B, asponguanine C, aspongpyrazine A, N-acetyldopamine, aspongadenine B and aspongpyrazine B) were selected for molecular docking with 9 potential targets, and the results revealed that aspongpyrazine A and asponguanosine A are the main components by which Cc affects PCa (affinity<-5 kcal/mol, hydrogen bonding), but more studies are needed.

CONCLUSION

We used network pharmacology to predict the bioactive components and important targets of Cc for the treatment of PCa, supporting the development of Cc as a natural anticancer agent.
When the vermiform appendix resembles a polyp: Be cautious of an intussuscepted appendix polypectomy
Authors: Pellegrino Raffaele , Gravina Antonietta Gerarda
Published: July 2024

This article discusses a recently published case report on a rare instance of type IV appendiceal intussusception with a concurrent mucinous adenocarcinoma of the cecum in a young individual. The report highlights challenges in diagnosing appendiceal intussusception, emphasizing the importance of endoscopic expertise in preventing impulsive decisions such as inappropriate polypectomies. The rarity of the concurrent intussuscepted appendix and mucinous cecal cancer is underscored, prompting consideration of malignancy in appendiceal intussusception cases. Additionally, the report addresses the increasing incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer and the need for a revaluation of diagnostic paradigms in the context of evolving epidemiological trends. The awareness of potential misinterpretations and the imperative for further investigation into this rare condition are emphasized.
Analýza vybraných diagnostických protokolů se zaměřením na manipulace s digitálním tachografem
Authors: Koutník Ondřej , Kledus Robert
Published: July 2024

Za účelem zvýšení bezpečnosti silniční nákladní dopravy, sociálních podmínek řidičů a spravedlivé hospodářské soutěže jsou Evropskou unií stanovena pravidla pro provozování silniční dopravy, která se týkají zejména omezení maximální doby řízení a minimální doby přestávek a odpočinku řidičů. Dodržování těchto pravidel je předmětem silničních kontrol, přičemž se využívají zejména výstupy z povinně instalovaného záznamového zařízení, tzv. tachografu.
Z toho vyplývá, že útok na systém tachografu by mohl přinést řidičům a potažmo i dopravcům, značnou výhodu v podobě možnosti řízení bez provedení náležitého záznamu o době jízdy. Pro účely silničních kontrol, ale i pro znalecké zkoumání systému tachografu, je zásadní mít znalosti a dovednosti v oblasti diagnostiky řídících jednotek vozidel a technice nákladních vozidel. Specifikem zejména silničních kontrol je časový limit dostupný pro kontrolu vozidla.
V této práci se autoři zaměřili na analýzu využití vybraných diagnostických protokolů ISO 14229 a SAE J1939 s cílem ověřit jejich obecnou použitelnost pro analýzu systému tachografu. Předmětem zkoumání v této práci budou tachografy výhradně digitální, nikoliv analogové. Autoři pro analýzu využili softwarových nástrojů i hardware Vector Informatik GmbH a tachograf výrobce Continental.
Na základě výzkumu byly identifikovány prvky norem aplikované v systému tachografu, avšak bez znalosti proprietárních specifikací systému a efektivní orientaci v normách je uvedená metoda pro  analýzu tachografu použitelná jen velice omezeně. Budoucí výzkum je tak vhodné zaměřit na úroveň embedded a software designu a identifikaci potencionálních metod vhodných pro analýzu tachografu.
Future Goal Aspirations of Students With Extensive Support Needs: Findings From NLTS 2012
Authors: Johnson David R. , Wu Yi-Chen , Thurlow Martha L. , LaVelle John M.
Published: July 2024

This study used data from the National Longitudinal Transition Study 2012 (NLTS 2012) to explore the future goal aspirations of students with extensive support needs who participate in alternate assessments, compared to other students with extensive support needs and to students with other disabilities. We examined students’ individualized education program (IEP)/transition planning meeting experiences and postschool goals in relation to their functional, communication, and self-advocacy skills, as well as their school/community support. Students with other disabilities held higher expectations than all students with extensive support needs for future participation in postsecondary education, employment, independent living, and financial independence. All students had higher postschool goal expectations than their parents. Implications for supporting students with extensive support needs and directions for future research and practice are discussed.