bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Staðgreiðsla og skattbyrði í 30 ár
Authors: Hall Axel
Published: December 2019

Í þessari grein er markmiðið að lýsa núverandi skattkerfi tekjuskatts sem hefur verið við lýði frá upptöku staðgreiðslunnar 1988. Hér er kerfið greint, eiginleikum þess lýst og það að einhverju leyti sett í norrænt samhengi. Til að auðvelda umfjöllun eru settar fram formlegar skilgreiningar á skattbyrði og jaðarsköttum. Mælikvarðar á jöfnun skattkerfis eru ennfremur settir fram. Þegar litið er yfir allt tímabil staðgreiðslunnar sést að tengsl persónuafsláttar við vísitölu neysluverðs á tímum hækkunar kaupmáttar hafa aukið meira skattbyrði hjá hinum tekjulægri en þeim sem hafa hærri tekjur, sem á móti voru með hærri skattbyrði fyrir. Þessi þróun er hér nefnd raunskattskrið og langtímaþróun í þessu efni hefur yfirgnæft aðra hluta staðgreiðslukerfisins og greiðendum tekjuskatts hefur fjölgað. Framangreindar breytingar hafa verið umdeildar og fræðimenn m.a. tekist á um þær. Hér er þróuninni lýst án þess að leitast við að leggja dóm á þá pólitísku vegferð sem hefur verið farin eða vangaveltur um aðrar leiðir mögulegar hingað til. Rauði þráðurinn hefur verið þróun skattleysismarka og persónuafsláttar. Kerfi með framangreindri þróun þarf að endurstilla reglulega standi vilji til að viðhalda lóðréttri jöfnun í kerfinu. Það kallar á stefnumótun um þrep (stig og fjölda), mörk þrepa (t.a.m. skattleysismörk) og þróun markanna yfir tíma. Í þessari grein er farið yfir þá valkosti sem stjórnvöld hafa sett fram varðandi breytingar á skattkerfinu og niðurstaða þeirrar stefnumörkunar greind með áhrifum á jöfnun í kerfi tekjuskatts.
Samskipti án orða. Tengsl óyrtrar hegðunar yfirmanns og tilfinningalegrar líðan starfsfólks
Authors: Vilhelmsdóttir Hildur , Hermannsdóttir Auður
Published: December 2019

Líðan starfsfólks getur haft rekstrarleg áhrif á fyrirtæki og því er mikilvægt fyrir stjórnendur að leggja áherslu á að starfsfólki líði vel. Yfirmenn geta aukið líkur á því með því að leggja áherslu á að eiga í góðum samskiptum við það. Markmið rannsóknarinnar var að kanna tengsl á milli upplifunar af óyrtum samskiptum yfirmanns og tilfinningalegri líðan starfsfólks. Einblínt var á þrjár gerðir tilfinningalegrar líðan sem eru mikilvægar þegar kemur að líðan starfsfólks í vinnu; tilfinningalegan stuðning, tilfinningalega vinnu og tilfinningalegt gildi. Í gegnum rafrænt hentugleikaúrtak fengust svör frá 802 einstaklingum á vinnumarkaði. Niðurstöðurnar sýndu að upplifun á óyrtum samskiptum yfirmanna hefur jákvæð tengsl við tilfinningalegan stuðning sem felst m.a. í því að yfirmenn séu aðgengilegir og hlusti á starfsfólk. Upplifun á jákvæðum óyrtum samskiptum yfirmanna reyndist jafnframt draga úr skynjun starfsfólks á tilfinningalegri vinnu en slík vinna getur verið óæskileg og haft neikvæð áhrif á starfsfólk. Að auki sýndu niðurstöðurnar að skynjun starfsfólks á tilfinningalegu gildi er jákvæðara ef það upplifir jákvæð óyrt samskipti frá yfirmanni sínum, en fyrri rannsóknir hafa sýnt að jákvætt tilfinningalegt gildi hefur jákvæð áhrif á starfsánægju og leiðir til jákvæðrar hegðunar inni á vinnistöðum. Miðað við niðurstöður rannsóknarinnar eru það fyrst og fremst óyrt samskipti sem snúa að andlitstjáningu og líkamstjáningu sem skýra tilfinningalega líðan starfsfólks. Yfirmenn ættu því að leggja áherslu á að halda augnsambandi við starfsfólk sitt þegar samskipti eiga sér stað og sýna jákvæð svipbrigði eins og bros. Jafnframt ætti að leggja áherslu á afslappaða en líflega líkamsstöðu, t.d. með því að nota hendurnar þegar talað er. Rannsóknin styrkir fræðilegar undirstöður varðandi samskipti á vinnustað og veitir innsýn í lítið rannsakað viðfangsefni á sviði stjórnunar.
ENGLISH PROFICIENCY OF HOTEL FRONT-LINERS: WHAT AND WHY?
Authors: Datu Yerly A.
Published: December 2019

English proficiency for hotel front-liners is paramount in giving excellent service for the guests. 60 seconds in the beginning of interaction leave the first impression for them. Therefore, oral communication skills play a significant role as a part of a must have competence for front-liners. This study was triggered by initial findings at some hotels in Surabaya where there was a discrepancy between hotel leaders’ perception and real English proficiency of their front-liners. The hotel leaders perceived lower than the passing grade of the hotel and urgency of upgrading   their competence emerged. Two research questions should be answered: (1) WHAT level of the front liners’ English proficiency was, and (2) WHY they experienced difficulty when facing foreign guests. To answer the questions, a descriptive qualitative research employing a case study approach was conducted. The 3-star hotel consisting 20 participants was involved. Test of Business English Communication Competence Version 2.0 (TBECCv.2.0) was given to participants. TBECCv.20 was an ESP test created and developed for front-liners. After running the test, an online questionnaire was disseminated and interviews were also conducted for triangulation. Results revealed that the score range of 50-59 received the highest percentage; 40% which showed their English proficiency needed to be upgraded. Reasons of difficulty handling the foreign guests were due to (1) L1 interference, (2) educational background, (3) less English exposure, (4) the absence of ESP test at recruitment process. The study recommended further study for other categories of hotel and the staff professional development was recommended as well.
ANALISIS PEKERJAAN DAN PERENCANAAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA SERTA PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP METODE REKRUTMEN
Authors: Marhaeni Novie P.
Published: December 2019

Human resources and jobs are an inseparable unit in a company. Both go hand in handand have high dependency. Company management needs to do a job analysis along with human resource planning that will fill the formation or do the work. Therefore, job analysis and HR planning provide direction for management to determine the right method in the recruitment process. Thus, they can get the right people to fill the right position too. This article aims to examine and explain the effect of job analysis and HR planning on recruitment methods. With the literature study conducted, it was concluded that both the job analysis and HR planning variables have a significant influence on the recruitment method.
ANALISIS DAMPAK PEMBANGUNAN JALAN TOL MEDAN TEBING TINGGI TERHADAP KEGIATAN JAJANAN USAHA MIKRO KECIL DAN MENENGAH DI PASAR BENGKEL
Authors: Manullang Januardin , Samosir Hottua
Published: December 2019

The workshop market has a pretty good potential for “dodol” business. Dodol has become a characteristic of this region so that the demand will remain stable. Sales of dodol, which increases every year, makes this food have a bright prospect to develop because the raw  materials for its manufacture are available locally. The purpose of this research is to provide analysis and the impact of existing problems, from a phenomenon due to the opening of a high-cliff-field toll road to economic life and the selling power of snacks and food in small and medium-sized enterprises.There fore, it is not out of business due to development impacts of high-cliff-field toll road. The importance of carrying out this research was to give a solution and input from the district government as well as the North Sumatra provincial government in the management of small and medium-sized micro enterprises in the workshop market. Type of Research was Case Research (Case Study). The impact of the construction of the Medan-Tebing Tinggi toll road is very important for the MSME community around the workshop market. The impact was not only on the community but also on the regional government.Per capita income from the MSME market workshop decreased dramatically to 50% of income per month. In addition, fewer workers were employed by MSMEs, where previously they could employ 2 to 5 people per store. Now they can only employ 1 to 2 people. Regional Original Income derived from restitution has significantly dropped since the construction of the toll road. On the other hand, the positive impact felt by the market community is that there was no congestion and the air pollution decreased.
ANALISIS PENGARUH VARIABEL FUNDAMENTAL DAN MAKROEKONOMI TERHADAP EKSPOSUR EKONOMI (Studi pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di BEI Tahun 2015-2017 )
Authors: Sumaji Yoseva Maria Pujirahayu
Published: December 2019

Globalization is growing rapidly, inter-state economic relations will become intertwined and increase flow of trade of goods and money as well as capital between countries. Changes in macroeconomic indicators occurring in other countries will indirectly impact the country’s economic indicators. Indonesia is one of the countries with the largest potential land for the development of industrial sectors. This is related to the many resources in Indonesia for both raw materials and labour. The results of Indonesia’s manufacturing industry increasingly propagate into world markets. The Central Statistic Agency (BPS) records the Indonesian economy in cumulative growth of 5.78 percent in 2013. The achievement of Indonesia’s economic growth is still far below China and India, however, in terms of economic growth, Indonesia is among the three major. The number of middle class citizens reached 36 million people and was relatively productive. While the manufacturing industry becomes an important component to economic exposure (study on the IDX-listed manufacturing company 2015-2017). There are 120 non-financial companies in Indonesia. The sampling technique in this study is nonprobability sampling (unrandomized withdrawal of samples). The data collection technique in this study is to use the documentation method published by the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX). The analysis of the research data includes descriptive statistical analysis, inferential statistical analysis and hypothesis testing.
PEMODELAN SISTEM INFORMASI LAYANAN BIMBINGAN KONSELING PADA PERGURUAN TINGGI BERBASIS PENILAIAN KOPETENSI
Authors: Arifin Muhammad
Published: December 2019

Jenis bimbingan konseling telah dilaksanakan oleh beberapa perguruan tinggi dalam bentuk informal yaitu melalui diskusi antar mahasiswa dan dosen sehingga menemukan permasalahan dan cara penyelesaian dari setiap permasalahan dari pelaksanaan bimbingan konseling. Diskusi yang dilakukan dengan dosen yang tidak memiliki kualifikasi ahli dibidang konseling memang kadang mampu memberikan solusi dalam memecahkan permasalahan yang ada, namun proses konsultasi semacam ini tidak terdokumentasi dengan baik dan tidak dapat dilakukan setiap saat. Sedangkan permasalahan mahasiswa-mahasiswi yang terjadi didalam perguruan tinggi bisa terjadi setiap saat. Model proses bimbingan yang terapkan disetiap tempat layanan berbeda-beda tetapi pada umumnya adalah menfasilitasi dan mempertemukan antara konselor dan konsi untuk melakukan bimbingan. Pada umumnya tempat layanan kurang memperhatikan keahlian yang dimiliki oleh konselor sehingga sering ditemukan konselor menangani permasalahan konseli yang tidak sesuai dengan keahlian konselor hal ini dapat menyebabkan kurang tepatnya konselor dalam memberikan solusi. Selain itu umumnya konseli tidak memiliki hak untuk memilih konselor yang memiliki keahlian yang sesuia dengan permasalahan mereka. Selain itu selama ini tempat layanan tidak memberikan laporan jumlah layanan dan umpan balik dari konseli kepada konselornya padahal laporan tersebut dapat memberikan informasi kepada konseli tentang kwalitas dan pengalaman konselor dalam membatu menyelesaikan permasalahan kliennya.Penelitian ini diharapkan mampu menghasilkan perancangan aplikasi sistem bimbingan konseling online dengan menggunakan pemodelan UML. Selain itu penelitian ini juga diharapkan mampu menghasilkan model bimbingan konseling secara online dengan memberikan fasilitas penilaian kinerja konselor dalam memberikan pelayanan terhadap konseli. Penilian ini nantinya dapat dijadikan tolok ukur tingkat kesuksesan konselor dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan konseli yang mereka hadapi.
SOSIALISASI CITRA BARU PENCAK SILAT SEBAGAI SOFT POWER INDONESIA KEPADA SISWA SMP NEGERI 2 KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Narulita Assyfa , Fajar Candra Muhammad , Nova Riesma Reannissa Sabrina , Rahman Junita Budi , Aditiany Savitri , Dipura Dadan Surya
Published: December 2019

Citra Pencak Silat di kalangan anak muda masih terbatas hanya sebagai warisan seni-budaya kuno, statis dan tidak menarik. Padahal Pencak Silat semakin dikenal di dunia, dan diperlukan oleh Indonesia sebagai sumber soft power di era globalisasi masa kini. Oleh karena itu artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kegiatan sosialisasi mengenai citra baru Pencak Silat sebagai soft power Indonesia  kepada murid SMP 2  di kota  Bandung oleh tim mahasiswa dan Dosen Universitas Padjadjaran dalam kegiatan PKM. Tujuannya adalah untuk menanamkan kesadaran kolektif  pelajar SMP sejak usia dini mengenai Pencak Silat sebagai soft power Indonesia yang perlu dilestarikan dan diamalkan. Sosialisasi dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan strategi komunikasi yang berpedoman pada siapa, apa dan bagaimana materi substansi disampaikan. Melalui metoda ini sosilisasi terlaksana sesuai dengan bidang kompetensi pihak pemberi sosialisasi sehingga materi substansi bersifat komprehensif dan saling melengkapi dalam memberi pengetahuan dan kesadaran kepada para siswa SMP. Dengan media penyampaian yang menarik bagi sasaran berusia anak muda, telah membuat mereka tampak tertarik dan bersemangat dalam mengikuti proses sosialisasi sebagai langkah awal untuk meminati Pencak Silat.  The image of Pencak Silat among young people is still limited only as an ancient, static and unattractive heritage of ancient arts and cultures. Even though Pencak Silat is increasingly known in the world, and is needed by the Indonesia as a source of soft power in the current era of globalization. Therefore this article aims to describe the socialization activities regarding the new image of Pencak Silat as Indonesian soft power to SMP 2 students in Bandung by the student team and Padjadjaran University Lecturers in PKM activities. The aim is to instill a collective awareness of junior high school students from an early age about Pencak Silat as Indonesia's soft power that needs to be preserved and practiced. The socialization was carried out by using a communication strategy based on who, what and how the material was delivered. Through this method socialization is carried out in accordance with the field of competence of the providers of the socialization so that the substance of the material is comprehensive and complementary in providing knowledge and awareness to junior high school students. With a delivery media that appeals to young people, it has made them look interested and enthusiastic in following the socialization process as a first step to attract Pencak Silat
PERAN SISTEM MANAJEMEN PADA BUMDES DALAM PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN ASLI DESA
Authors: Senjani Yayu Putri
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi peningkatan Pendapatan Asli Desa (PADes) melalui pengelolaan Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes). Sampel penelitian adalah pihak terkait dalam BUMdes Ngudi Mulyo dan warga Desa Kerten, Klaten, Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitan deskriptif kualitatif dan berbasis pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan BUMDes masih sederhana namun telah memiliki rencana untuk perbaikan manajemen ke depan. Peran BUMDes untuk meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Desa belum terlihat dikarenakan beberapa sistem manajemen yang belum memadai sehingga belum dapat diperhitungkan secara jelas besaran kontribusi BUMdes dalam PADes. Strategi yang ditawarkan peneliti adalah pengelolaan BUMDes dengan 5 sistem manajemen yang diperbaharui yaitu sistem manajemen keuangan, pemasaran, produksi, distribusi dan sumber daya manusia.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STAD BERBANTUAN MEDIA KARTU DOMINO TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA SMA
Authors: Trisna Jayantika I Gusti Agung Ngurah , Noviantari Putu Suarniti , Andre Payadnya I Putu Ade , Virly Permatasari I Gusti Ayu
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to determine whether the mathematical learning achievement of students who learned using cooperative learning mode of STAD assisted by domino card is better than the students who learned using conventional learning model. The type of this research was quasi-experimental research in which the post-test only controlled group design. The population of this research was students of 11th grade of SMA Negeri 6 Denpasar in academic year 2018/2019 totaling 321 students who were distrbuted into 9 classes. The sample was taken using Cluster Random Sampling technique where two classes were chosen as experimental class and control class. Data of students’ mathematical learning achievement were collected by test method. Data were analyzed using one-tail t-test with a significance level of 5%. The results of data analysis showed that the mathematics learning achievement of students who learned using cooperative learning model of STAD assisted by domino card was better than the mathematics learning achievement of students who learned using the conventional learning model in 11th grade of SMA Negeri 6 Denpasar in academic year 2018/2019.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA PESERTA DIDIK MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MAKE A MATCH PADA KELAS 4 SD
Authors: Raharjo Wahyu Tri , Kristin Firosalia
Published: December 2019

This study aims to determine the steps to implement the Make a Match learning model and improve learning result sains through the application of the Make a Match learning model to Grade IV students of Kutowinangun State Elementary School 04 Salatiga. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (PTK) with research subjects in 4th grade students of Kutowinangun State Elementary School 04 Salatiga consisting of 13 male students and 15 female students. The data collection technique used is test. The procedure of action research consists of two cycles. Each cycle through four stages of research includes: planning, action, observation, and reflection. The data analysis technique used was quantitative descriptive and qualitative descriptive. The percentage of completeness of learning result showed that in pre-action as many as 4 students completed (14%), increased to 16 students completed (57%) in the first cycle, and increased to 26 students completed (93%) in second cycle. From this data it can be conclude through the application of the Make a Match learning model can improve the learning resulth sains of 4th grade students of Kutowinangun State Elementary School 04 Salatiga.
PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER BAGI ANAK USIA DINI MELALUI BUKU CERITA BERGAMBAR
Authors: Munthe Ashiong Parhehean , Halim Dellya
Published: December 2019

The picture-story book that emphasize character values in accordance with the vision and mission of Santa Theresia Jakarta Kindergarten is very urgent to develop, because at school, character education books are not available with the value of servite et amate. This was revealed by a teacher through an interview. Based on observations, it was also found that there was indeed no character education book that was in accordance with the school's vision and mission. Character education or moral education in the present context, really needs to be taught and developed, so that children's morals can be formed early. Picture-story book is a book in which there are stories, characters, grooves, backgrounds, themes that are expressed in the form of writings and images that become one unit. Through reading books, it is easier for children to understand the contents and practical examples to apply the character values that they want to teach. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods. The qualitative descriptive is an attempt to explain facts, data, or objects qualitatively in the form of language or discourse by interpreting them appropriately and systematically. Data collection techniques used were interview and observations. This research was conducted at the Santa Theresia Jakarta Kindergarten. The results of the study indicated that picture-story books that were in accordance with the values of servite et amate needed to be created and developed, in order to help children in early childhood easily understood examples of character actions that must be performed. Therefore, schools need to facilitate and fully support, so that kindergarten teachers are given space and opportunities to develop pictorial story books. The content of the story, character, plot, language, selection of diction, choosing the color of the image must be relevant for early childhood.
Evolution in the Management of Childhood Low-Grade Gliomas and Neuronal/Mixed Neuronal-Glial Tumors
Authors: Packer R. J.
Published: December 2019

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Molecular genetic features of pediatric gliomas
Authors: Zaytseva M. A. , Yasko L. A. , Papusha L. I. , Druy A. E.
Published: December 2019

Gliomas are the most common central nervous system tumors demonstrating an extremely broad range of clinical behavior. Over last few decades the understanding of molecular genetic mechanisms of tumor initiation and progression increased significantly. Furthermore, the identification of prognostic and predictive biomarkers aids the development of personalized and risk-adapted therapeutic approaches. In this review, we summarize the molecular findings in pediatric gliomas, both low and high grade (LGG and HGG), focusing on recurrent somatic mutations. There are nucleotide substitutions inBRAF, H3F3A, Hist1H3B/С, IDH1/2genes,BRAFandNTRK1/2/3fusions, andCDKN2A/Bcopy-number aberrations, known to be clinically relevant in the prognosis defining or predicting the efficacy of targeted therapy. We also describe how these findings could pave the way towards the novel genetic classification and risk-group stratification for pediatric patients with glial tumors.
Clinical and molecular characteristics of WNT medulloblastomas
Authors: Papusha L. I. , Yasko L. A. , Ektova A. P. , Voronin K. A. , Merishavyan A. A. , Storozhenko I. G. , Salnikova E. A. , Borodina I. D. , Nechesnyuk A. V. , Tereshchenko G. V. , Strumila N. A. , Zaichikov A. N. , Yunusova I. M. , Khasmagomadova H. E. , Rumyantsev A. A. , Kubirov M. S. , Botalova I. V. , Mikava N. V. , Grishina E. N. , Gorelyshev S. K. , Kovalenko S. G. , Druy A. E. , Novichkova G. A. , Karachunsky A. I.
Published: December 2019

WNTMBaccounts for about 10% of all medulloblastomas and have a favorable outcome in patients under 16 years according international data. We analyzed clinical and molecular characteristics of 20 patients with WNTMBpatients. The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology. The molecular group verification was performed by Nanostring gene expression profiling. The detection ofCTNNB1andTP53gene mutations was carried out with Sanger sequencing. WNT Medulloblastoma are mainly classic (18/20 patients), non-metastatic (19/20 patients). Gross total resection was performed in 18 patients. SomaticCTNNB1mutations were found in 17 patients, somaticTP53were identified in 2 patients. 19/20 assessable patients are disease-free with a median follow-up of 23 months. One patient died from the progression of the disease. WNT MB patients have an overall favorable outcome, even for metastatic andTP53positive tumors. The reduction in the intensity of therapy is indicated forWNTMB in case of reliable identification ofWNTMB.
Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in children
Authors: Akhaladze D. G. , Rabaev G. S. , Grachev N. S.
Published: December 2019

Cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is treatment of choice for determined group of adult patients. Cytoreduction and HIPEC is usually used in patients with ovarian, gastric and colorectal cancer, appednix cancer, peritoneal mesothelioma and in some tumors of another localization. The experience of cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC  in childhood is limited due to the lower frequency of peritoneal carcinomatosis in pediatric population. However, about 30% of malignant tumors in children develop in peritoneal cavity and pelvis. High recurrence rate are typical for these tumors, particularly due to tumor rupture. Taking into consideration low frequency of epithelioid tumors in children HIPEC is used for patients with other tumor types such as desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT), germ cell tumors, rhabdomyosarcoma and others. The aim o this paper is the review of the literature and present experience analysis of cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC in children.
Therapy intensification in high-risk neuroblastoma patients with poor response to standard induction: experience of Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, Immunology
Authors: Shamanskaya T. V. , Kachanov D. Y. , Dumacheva A. V. , Teleshova M. V. , Shevtcov D. V. , Sergeeva T. V. , Syleimanova A. M. , Moiseenko R. A. , Likar Y. N. , Kailash . , Varfolomeeva S. R.
Published: December 2019

High-risk neuroblastoma (NB) is characterized by unsatisfactory treatment results and low probability of long-term survival despite the multimodal therapeutic approach (chemotherapy, surgical treatment, radiation therapy, autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, etc.). One of the prognostic factors in this cohort of patients is the response to induction therapy. The article presents the experience of the intensification of induction therapy in 12 patients with high-risk NB with a poor response (mixed response, stable disease) to standard induction therapy who received treatment at Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, assessing its impact on the prognosis of the disease. The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology. Patients received an additional two courses of chemotherapy with the inclusion of a type I topoisomerase inhibitor topotecan (TCE – topotecan, cyclophosphamide, etoposide). This regimen of intensification of therapy has demonstrated its feasibility. The main grade 3–4 toxicity was hematologic. An improvement in response was achieved in 5/12 (41.6%) patients. However, long-term results of therapy remained unsatisfactory. The 3-year EFS was 16.7% (95% CI 0.0–37.8), the 3-year OS was 50.0% (95% CI 21.7–78.3). Thus, the intensification of therapy in patients with high-risk NB with a poor response to standard induction therapy did not improve treatment outcomes.
Infantile cranial fasciitis
Authors: Kugushev A. Yu. , Lopatin A. V. , Yasonov S. A. , Rogozhin D. V.
Published: December 2019

Cranial fasciitis (CF) is a rare benign lesion of the skull. Due to the rarity of this disease, prospective studies of it have not been conducted. The first description dedicated of the case of CF was in 1980. Later were descriptions of only clinical cases of observation and treatment of children with this pathology. For these reasons, questions regarding true incidence, genetic risk factors, prognosis and long-term still unanswered. Clinically, CF is represented by a dense, painless, growing mass on the scalp. Given the rarity of the occurrence of CF in differential diagnosis, it is usually not considered. In addition, there are no pathognomonic clinical signs and symptoms, and changes on MRI are often non-specific. Treatment involves removal of the tumor mass, after which a histopathological examination confirms the diagnosis of CF. As a rule, a good result is observed with complete resection, however, in this case it has to necessary to perform auto-bone grafting of the skull bone defect. CF is a rare and underexplored fibroproliferative disease. Because of its locally invasive nature and nonspecific manifestations of CF, it is often difficult to distinguish from malignant neoplasms and infections. Complete surgical removal is the best choice to make diagnosis and successful treatment. Parents gave their consent to use information about the child in the article.
Leptomeningeal canceromatosis in patient with parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Kazakova L. L. , Zhukov N. V.
Published: December 2019

The development of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LC) is quite a frequent event during a rhabdomyosarcoma with parameningeal localization, usually known as a parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma (PM RMS). However, the diagnosis and treatment of this kind of progression are still difficult for pediatricians and pediatric oncologists due to the small absolute number of PM RMS patients, which makes it impossible to accumulate sufficient clinical experience, as well as due to the absence of a pathognomonic clinical picture and a standardized specific therapy. The article describes 3 clinical cases of LC during PM RMS and provides an overview of existing literature focusing on this problem. Parents patients agreed to use personal data in research and publications.
Granulomatous inflammation in the manifestation of chronic granulomatous disease: a clinical case report
Authors: Yukhacheva D. V. , Pershin D. E. , Uskova N. G. , Tereshchenko G. V. , Kuzmenko N. B.
Published: December 2019

Chronic granulomatous disease is a primary immunodeficiency, characterized by a violation of the oxygen-dependent mechanisms of phagocytosis. Mutations in the genes encoding proteins of the NADPH-oxidase complex lead to a violation of the respiratory burst. Clinical manifestations are recurrent bacterial and fungal infections, and the development of granulomatous complications due to a defect in autophagy, accompanied by an increase in the level of interleukin-1 inthe blood. The treatment of this disease is continuous preventive antimicrobial therapy, and specific therapy for the treatment of granulomatous complications. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from an allogeneic or unrelated donor is currently considered to be only radical treatment for CGD. This article presents a clinical case of the manifestation of an X-linked form of chronic granulomatous disease with granulomatous manifestations in the absence of an infectious history. Parents patient agreed to use personal data in research and publications.
Actividad física en adultos con y sin diabetes en México (ENSANUT MC-2016)
Authors: Palomo Carolina , Denman Catalina A.
Published: December 2019

Los patrones de actividad física de la población son claves en el desarrollo y control de la diabetes y sus complicaciones. El objetivo es describir y comparar comportamientos de actividad/inactividad física en población general con y sin diabetes en México, así como cambios asociados a variables sociodemográficas y de salud. Se utiliza información de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición de Medio Camino 2016 (ENSANUT MC-2016). Los resultados indican que los adultos con diabetes, de 60 a 69 años, con obesidad y que viven en el norte de México, tienen mayor probabilidad de ser inactivos. Así como una prevalencia de inactividad física mayor (p=0,000) y una proporción de alta actividad física menor (p=0,002) en adultos con diabetes que en adultos sin diabetes. Se concluye que la población con diabetes presenta comportamientos asociados a una mayor inactividad física y que es necesario generar más investigación que contribuya a explicar el fenómeno.
Herramientas tecnológicas para el estudio e intervención de la biomecanica en el deporte de alto rendimiento: una mirada desde fisioterapia
Authors: Alfonso Mantilla José Iván
Published: December 2019

La biomecánica es el área de estudio de componentes cinéticos y cinemáticos implicados en el movimiento corporal humano profundizando en elementos tales como fuerza muscular, rangos de movimiento, aceleración, velocidad y desplazamiento. En el deporte de alto rendimiento, el estudio de las variables biomecánicas que inciden en el gesto motor es de vital importancia para entender los mecanismos de control y adaptación del movimiento a actividades especificas, con el fin de desarrollar programas para mejorar  la ejecución del movimiento en determinadas fases del gesto deportivo y prevenir lesiones a partir del estudio del gesto motor. Por tal motivo el objetivo de este artículo es realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre el uso de la tecnología para la evaluación e intervención de la biomecánica en el deporte de alto rendimiento
Kohesivitas Pada Kelompok Jamaah Tabligh
Authors: Ikbar Ikbar , Nurrahmi Febri , Syam Hamdani M.
Published: December 2019

The Jamaah Tabligh is a very unique group in their da’wah efforts involving each member of the group. This study aims to find out how the cohesiveness of such a group by studying the Jamaah Tabligh in Mesjid Cot Goh, Gampong Lamme Garot, Aceh Besar. The theory used in this study is the theory of Groupthink by focusing on the concept of cohesiveness. This study used a descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques were carried out using structured interviews on five members of the Tabligh Jamaah and participatory observation. The results showed a high level of individual cohesiveness within the Jamaah Tabligh group measured by four dimensions of cohesiveness including social strength, unity in groups, attractiveness and group collaboration. The cohesiveness was based on the similarity of purpose in da'wah. This cohesiveness has indicated the symptoms of groupthink that appeared in deliberation for decision making in the group.
Study of soft tissue microcirculation in surgical intervention zone before and after single-stage correction of feet multicomponent deformities in patients with cerebral palsy
Authors: Shchurova E. N. , Leonchuk S. S. , Popkov D. A.
Published: December 2019

Introduction.Simultaneous correction of severe deformities of the feet may be accompanied by a negative effect on the trophism of the adjacent soft tissues. However, the literature does not pay enough attention to the analysis of the blood supply to soft-tissue structures in the field of surgical intervention in the correction of complex deformities of the feet. The aim of the study is to investigate condition of soft tissues blood supply in the area of surgery before and after simultaneous correction of severe feet deformities by triple arthrodesis in patients with cerebral palsy.

Material and methods.The article is based on the results of study of 21 cerebral palsy patients with multicomponent feet deformities. All patients underwent simultaneous correction of foot deformities with usage of internal fixation. Patients were examined for the soft tissues blood supply (skin, subcutaneous fat, muscles) in the area of surgery using laser and high-frequency Doppler flowmetry before and after performing all phases of foot surgery.

Results.Capillary skin blood flow after performing all stages of operation, removing tourniquet and suturing tended to increase in all areas of measurement, but significantly increased on the dorsum of the foot, at points 1 (by 53.3 %, p <0.05), 4 (by 69.0 %, p<0.05), and at point 6 (53.9 %, p <0.05). Indicators of blood flow of subcutaneous fat and muscle tissue after performing all stages of operation and removal of tourniquet did not significantly differ from the preoperative level. In the long-term follow-up period, all examined patients showed good clinical results in 81 % of cases, satisfactory – in 19 % of patients who noted periodic moderate pain in the feet after a long walk. There were nounsatisfactory results.

Conclusion.After simultaneous intraoperative correction of severe feet deformities by triple arthrodesis in the area of operative wound in patients with cerebral palsy, there is no decrease in the microcirculatory blood flow in soft tissuesin the surgical intervention area. There is either stabilization or an increase in the perfusion of these structures.
Effect of Ischemic Postconditioining on Change of Immunoreactivity Level to PECAM-1/CD31 in Rat Neocortex Structures after Global Brain Ischemia
Authors: Shcherbak N. S. , Gurbo A. G. , Yukina G. Yu. , Thomson V. V. , Shlyakhto E. V.
Published: December 2019

Introduction. Ischemic postconditioning (IPostC) of the brain can be considered as a promising approach to limit reperfusion injury in the ischemic area of the brain. Objective – to study the effect of IPostC after global cerebral ischemia on the level of immunoreactivity to PECAM-1/CD31 in the structures of layers II, III and V of the neocortex of rats at different periods of the reperfusion period.

Material and methods. In male Wistar rats, a 10-minute global cerebral ischemia was modeled followed by IPostC in the form of reperfusion-ischemia at 15sec/15sec. In the early (2 days) and late (7 days) reperfusion periods after damaging ischemia, the number of morphologically unchanged neurons and the level of immunoreactivity to PECAM-1/CD31 in the structures of layers II, III and V of the neocortex were estimated.

Results. It is shown that the use of IPostC by 2 days of reperfusion contributed to the increase in the number of unchanged neurons in layers II and III of 25.8 and 28.2 % (P<0.05), which was not accompanied by changes in the level of immunoreactivity to PECAM-1/CD31, to 7 days of reperfusion there was an increase in the number of unchanged neurons in layers II, III and V of 19.2, 22,1, 21,4 % (P<0.05) was observed a decrease in the level of immunoreactivity to PECAM-1/CD31 in the structures of these layers of 27.4, 39.4, and 16.7 % (P<0.05), respectively, when compared with similar indicators in groups without the use of IPostC.

Conlusions. In the mechanisms of physiological reaction formed in the application of ischemic postconditioning after cerebral ischemia and leading to the preservation of the number of unchanged neurons in the late reperfusion period involved PECAM-1/CD31, which suggests that the protective potential of the phenomenon is realized by possible inhibiting the migration of neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes and extravasation of leukocytes from the systemic blood flow into the damaged area of the brain, i.e. through suppression of inflammatory response.
Neuroprotective efficiency of creatine-aminoacid complex compound in the model of ischemic stroke in rats
Authors: Mourovets V. O. , Lentsman M. V.
Published: December 2019

Introduction.According to WHO data, stroke and its consequences rank second in mortality after coronary heart disease. Hundreds of clinical trials have yielded only one tool that can be used – intravenous administration of recombinant plasminogen activator, i.e. recanalization agent. The means for effective neuroprotection, despite the huge number of studies, remain not found.

The aimof the work was in vivo study of neuroprotective effect of creatine amide (AC-PfA) on neurological and cognitive impairment in a model of ischemic stroke in rats.

Material and methods.The model of stroke (FCI) was reproduced by occlusion of middle cerebral artery proximal segment. Neurological deficits were assessed by the latency of movement initiation (LMI), cognitive impairments – by a spatial version of Morris water maze. Four groups of animals were used: (1) negative control (FCI with administration of saline), (2) positive control (FCI with controlled hypothermia), (3) test substance (FCI with administration of AC-PfA) and (4) sham-operated animals.

Results.Compared with negative control group, animals восtreated with AC-PfA showed lower latency of movement initiation a day after FCI, what indicates a better functional state of the basal ganglia and associative areas of the cortex. Hypothermia during FCI completely eliminated the effect of increasing LMI. In Morris water maze, animals treated with AC-PfA, in contrast to the negative control group, showed a decrease in platform search time during training, and in a probe trial differed statistically significantly in peripheral searching time and the number of crossings of the platform localization site. Hypothermia was not so effective, although not statistically significantly differs from the group with AC-PfA.

Conclusions.A new derivative of creatine has a pronounced therapeutic efficacy in relation to cognitive impairment, and improves the functional state of the systems, controlling the motor activity of animals. At the same time, it exceeds or approaches the effects of hypothermia, known as an effective neuroprotective technique.
A 71-year-old man with recurrent pulmonary mycobacterial avium complex infections and lymphopenia
Authors: Al-Shaikhly Taha , Buckner Frederick S. , Altman Matthew C. , Ochs Hans D. , Ayars Andrew G.
Published: December 2019

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infections, generally viewed as opportunistic infections, often trigger an evaluation for an underlying immunodeficiency disorder. However, MAC infections can occur in patients who presumably are immunocompetent, particularly in those with an underlying
structural lung disease. T-cell immunity plays a critical role in controlling MAC infection. We presented a case of lymphopenia, which complicated the clinical course of a pulmonary MAC infection in a patient who was negative for human immunodeficiency virus.
Aspergillus sensitization in bronchial asthma: A separate phenotype
Authors: Rajagopal T. V. , Kant Surya , Verma S. K. , Kushwaha R. A. S. , Kumar Santosh , Garg Rajiv , Srivastava Anand , Bajaj D. K.
Published: December 2019

Background: Bronchial asthma is one of the common chronic respiratory illnesses worldwide, with a global disease burden that affects approximately 300 million individuals. It affects 5-10% of the population in developed countries. India constitutes approximately one-tenth
of the global disease burden, where an estimated 7 million children are affected by this illness. Airway hyperresponsiveness or bronchial hyperreactivity in asthma is an exaggerated response to numerous exogenous and endogenous stimuli. In India, the most important endogenous stimuli is considered
to be fungal antigens from the genus, Aspergillus. Positive skin reactions to Aspergillus fumigatus among individuals with atopic asthma is 10 to 20%; however, a causal relationship is yet to be established. A separate entity, termed “severe asthma with fungal sensitivity,” is
often used to describe milder allergic reactions to fungal aeroallergens that has fungal sensitization as the starting point of pathogenesis than allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Methods: A total of 57 patients with bronchial asthma were prospectively enrolled and
evaluated for Aspergillus sensitization and its impact on asthma control. Results: Symptoms were well controlled in a majority of patients (57.89%) and partly controlled in 14.04%. Uncontrolled symptoms were observed in only 28.07% of patients. The proportion of patients
with uncontrolled symptoms was higher among patients who were sensitized (45.00%) compared with patients who were not sensitized (18.92%). The proportion of patients with well-controlled symptoms was higher in individuals who were not sensitized compared with individuals who were sensitized
(62.16% versus 50.00%). Conclusion: The severity of asthma was associated with fungal sensitization, with sensitization to Aspergillus as a part of the pathogenesis. Aspergillus sensitization is significantly associated with bronchiectasis, even in the absence of clinical
features.
Personalized therapy for common variable immunodeficiency
Authors: Bonilla Francisco A.
Published: December 2019

Background: Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) represents a clinical descriptive diagnosis that was defined in the 1970s. Despite the vast increase in knowledge with regard to immune function and genetics, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains poorly understood
in the majority of patients (75%); however, recent advances have led to a much clearer understanding of this heterogeneous group of disorders in the remaining 25%. These advances, along with developments in immune modulatory and reconstitution therapies, now permit sophisticated and specific
targeting of therapies for individual patients. Methods: A literature review and author experience. Results: For > 50 years, immune globulin therapy has been applied to patients with CVID. There are several options open to patients, including a diversity
of products and modes of administration. Stem cell therapy is increasingly applicable in patients with severe immune dysregulation. In some disorders (e.g., lipopolysaccharide-responsive and beige-like anchor protein, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 deficiencies), knowledge of the genetic
basis and molecular pathophysiology permit targeted therapy by using small-molecule immune modulators and biologics. Conclusion: In the near future, it is likely that further advances in understanding the pathophysiology of CVID, together with ongoing development of biologics
and small-molecule immune modulators will lead to additional targeted therapies for these patients.
Efficacy of epinephrine and diphenhydramine rinses in decreasing local reactions to subcutaneous aeroallergen immunotherapy
Authors: Mustafa S. Shahzad , Vadamalai Karthik , Bingemann Theresa , Ramsey Allison
Published: December 2019

Background: Although local reactions (LR) to subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) occur in 26‐86% of patients, there are no well-studied strategies to manage LRs. Objective: To complete a prospective, randomized, single-blind, controlled trial that
compared pre-rinsing SCIT syringes with diphenhydramine, epinephrine, or placebo in patients who were receiving aeroallergen SCIT and experiencing LRs despite pretreatment with an antihistamine. Methods: Patients ages ≥5 years who were receiving aeroallergen SCIT per
a conventional dosing schedule and who were experiencing LRs despite premedicating with an oral antihistamine were randomized to diphenhydramine, epinephrine, or placebo rinse, and were followed up for three subsequent visits. At each visit, the patients were asked (yes or no) if LRs improved.
Results: A total of 490 patients were enrolled in the study. Seventy-four of the 490 patients (15.1%) experienced an LR despite pretreatment with an oral antihistamine and were randomized into an intervention group. At visit 1, an epinephrine rinse was strongly associated with
decreasing LR compared with both diphenhydramine rinse and placebo (p < 0.001). There was no difference among the intervention groups at visits 2 and 3. In patients who reported a consistent outcome at all three visits, the epinephrine rinse was significantly associated with a decrease
in LR compared with both diphenhydramine rinse and placebo rinse (p = 0.05). Conclusion: In patients who received aeroallergen SCIT per a conventional dosing schedule, an epinephrine rinse significantly decreased LR at the first visit, and also within a population that
reported a consistent outcome at all three study visits. In patients already premedicating with an oral antihistamine, adding an epinephrine rinse is a safe and effective strategy to decrease LRs to aeroallergen SCIT.
The Modi Factor: The Role Of Narendra Modi’s Idiosyncratic Factors In India’s Foreign Policy Responses Towards China Pakistan Economic Corridor
Authors: Perwita Anak Agung Banyu
Published: December 2019

The development of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), as part of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), is one of the causes of worsening Sino-Indian relations in recent years. The Economic Corridor runs through Pakistan-occupied Kashmir, which India has claimed as its territory for decades. India sees thie Project as a violation of its sovereignty, but China defends the Project, saying that it is purely an economic connectivity project without strategic purposes. Seeing the possible worsening relations, India initiated to invite Xi Jinping for an Informal Summit with Narendra Modi. With a longstanding historical relationship with China, and his personal style diplomacy, Modi manages to fix some misconception with Xi Jinping on several issues. While trying to fix Sino-Indian relations, Narendra Modi is at the same time still firm on its opposition towards the Project. The authors observe that Narendra Modi’s personality plays a big role in India’s response towards China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. Modi’s strong and assertive personality, coupled with his Hindu-nationalist belief, explained the Indian decision to firmly opposing the CPEC. On the other hand, the footprints of Modi’s charisma, personal-style diplomacy, and his longstanding relationship with China, are visible in the Wuhan Summit, in which Modi became the spearhead of diplomacy.