bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shakespeare Disintegrated: Authoriality, Textuality, Co-Authorship, Biography
Authors: Pugliatti Paola
Published: March 2023

The article explores one of the most assiduously researched topics in Shakespeare criticism: that of the ways in which Shakespeare’s responsibility as author of the plays that traditionally bear his name has been established. Rehearsing the major contributions to this debate (from the mid-nineteenth-century idea that Shakespeare’s plays were the work of a group of intellectuals, to recent tendencies in attribution studies which dismember the canon on the basis of theories of co-authorship and collaboration), it maintains that one of the most persistent tendencies in the debate has been that of disintegration; and that both the dismembering of the canon as a whole and the amputating of parts of it as collaboratively written have had the paradoxical effect of de-authorialising what are conventionally known as ‘Shakespeare’s plays’.Not simply meant as a historical survey, the article also highlights the fact that, as well as determining effects on the Shakespeare canon, disintegrative tendencies have inspired theories of the text relevant to the construction of authorial identity, and have also generated a fallout on the idea, expressed by bibliographers and textual scholars, that the composition and configuration of texts are inescapably collaborative. Finally, the article maintains that biography too has been affected by a notion of disintegration which insists on a de-personalised subject and the idea that a life, no less than a text, is a socially-composed construct.

John Faed, 'Shakespeare and the King's Men' (1851). Public Domain
Comparative Analysis of the Demand and Supply of Major Cassava Products in Nkanu East Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Ngene Joshua , Emeka Nzeh , C.F. Ogbodo
Published: March 2023

The study aimed to compare the disparity between the rate of demand and supply of selected cassava products in Nkanu-East LGA of Enugu State, Nigeria. The study adopted both primary and secondary data collection approaches through well-structured questionnaires. In this research, one hundred (100) respondents were randomly selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Z-test. The study showed that there is no significant difference between demand and supply of the products in the study area. The study further revealed that a dual-channel was adopted in marketing the selected cassava products in the area. Further analysis of the study showed that in the last three (3) years, the demand and supply of garri was higher than that of abacha and akpu. Based on this, it is hereby recommended that there is need for off-takers of both abacha and akpu products to help increase the economic status of those rural stakeholders that engage these enterprises
Peran Vitamin D terhadap Pertumbuhan Tulang pada Balita
Authors: Febrianto Sazali , Bahari Apriadi
Published: March 2023

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin and contains a steroidal molecular structure that is needed for various metabolic processes in the body. There are two sources of vitamin D, namely through manufacture in the skin and the impact of food intake. Vitamin D is divided into 2 forms, namely vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), vitamin D is also actively involved in bone formation,   resorption,   mineralization,   and   maintenance   of   neuromuscular function. Vitamin D deficiency has been widely known to affect linear growth from infants, toddlers to adults. The design of this research is the literature of research  articles  collected  by  means  of  computer  searches  through  google schoolar and repository. Screening can be monitored so that bone growth in toddlers can be optimized properly and correctly.
Pemanfaatan Vitamin C Alami sebagai Antioksidan pada Tubuh Manusia
Authors: Safnowandi Safnowandi
Published: March 2023

Vitamin C is an organic substance needed by the human body in small amounts, to maintain metabolic functions and also acts as an antioxidant for the human body, to ward off free radicals. The design of this research is a literature review of research articles collected by means of computer searches through google schoolar and repository. The search step is to enter the keyword Natural Vitamin C Antioxidant, Dosage and source of intake of vitamin C. Vitamin C or L-ascorbic acid is a water-soluble antioxidant (Aqueous Antioxidant). Vitamin C is part of the body's defense system against reactive oxygen compounds in plasma and cells. Vitamin C deficiency and excess will have an effect on our health. Lemons contain about 85 milligrams of vitamin C, guava has a high vitamin C content of 86 mg/100g, 1 pineapple or a plate of longan fruit (about 100 grams) contains about 80 milligrams of vitamin C, and in a bowl of spinach (about 30 grams) contains 8.5 mg of vitamin C.
Kebutuhan Vitamin E dengan Kadar Hemoglobin sebagai Nutrisi pada Ibu Hamil
Authors: Amalia Nurul , Haerani Dini
Published: March 2023

Anemia in pregnancy is the condition of the mother with Hb <11g%. Anemia occurs in almost half of pregnant women. One of the causes of anemia is a micronutrient deficiency, namely Vitamin E. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between vitamin E intake and hemoglobin levels in pregnant women at the Long Mesengat Health Center, Long Mesengat District, East Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan Province in 2019. This study using an analytic observational design with a cross sectional. The research sample consisted of 36 respondents who were collected through simple random sampling and met the criteria. Data were analyzed by univariate test and bivariate test (Spearman). The results showed that 12 (33.33%) pregnant women with anemia and 19 (52.8%) pregnant women with insufficient vitamin E intake. The results of this study showed that there was no relationship between vitamin E intake and hemoglobin levels in pregnant women at the Long Mesengat Health Center in 2019 (p = 0.25).
Vigor dan Viabilitas Kecambah Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) Keturunan Pertama (F1) Hasil Persilangan Antara Varietas Nasional dengan Lokal Bima
Authors: Karlina Wiwin , Irmawijaya Dian
Published: March 2023

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a legume crop and is one of the second highest yielding secondary crops after soybeans. Peanut production in Indonesia tends to fluctuate and is still not able to meet the needs of the community every year. To produce quality seeds, one of the ways that plant breeders do is by crossing. The cross in this study was a peanut cross between the national variety and the local Bima variety. The purpose of this study was to determine the vigor and viability of peanut sprouts from crosses between national and local varieties of Bima. This research is included in pure experimental research. The design used in this study was a completely randomized design. The data in the research that has been collected through observation and documentation methods are then analyzed using Anova One Way. Based on the results of the study, the data on viability parameters were obtained, namely: the highest percentage of germination was obtained by F1A seeds (Rhinoceros Variety x Local Bima) with a value of 86.66% while the lowest percentage of germination was F1C seeds (V. Kancil x Local Bima) with a value of 20%. For the parameter of germination speed, the F1 seed which had the highest seed germination speed was F1E (V. Pelanduk x Local Bima) with a value of 2.33/day while the lowest germination rate was F1C (V. Kancil x Local Bima) with a value of 0.58/day. From all research data, it was found that data from all parameters experienced significant variations or differences with P Value < 0.05 in each treatment.
Pengaplikasian Model Pembelajaran Project Based Learning (PjBL) Berbasis Karakteristik Serangga di Sekitar Danau Ranu Kumbolo pada Mata Kuliah Entomologi
Authors: Ngulandoro Harry , Prawira Jamaluddin , Purnatapa Makmur
Published: March 2023

The online learning policy was implemented during the Covid 19 pandemic in various countries in the world. Problems arise in learning biology that requires laboratory experiment activities. This research provides an innovation in entomology learning with the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning model using insect biodiversity in the local ecosystem, namely Lake Ranu Kumbolo. This study aims to determine the ability of science process skills and student responses using the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning model. Project Based Learning (PjBL) is one of the learning models that are set in the independent learning process to learn independent campuses. The research was conducted with exploratory descriptive research method. Science process skills and student project products are measured using a rubric. Student learning outcomes are measured using quiz questions with the google form application. Meanwhile, student responses were measured using a questionnaire. Based on the results of the study, it showed that the science process skills of students who were taught using the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning model were in the good and very good categories. The output produced is a practicum guide based on the assessment rubric which is in good and very good grades. Student responses about the application of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning model in entomology courses are in the agree and strongly agree categories. Student learning outcomes showed an average in the good and very good categories. The application of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning model is able to stimulate the ability of science processes and student learning outcomes in entomology courses. The Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning model is very appropriate to be applied to fields of science that require a lot of experimental activities. Because it is carried out in small research groups, the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning model is very appropriate to be applied in learning during the Covid 19 pandemic.
Review Literatur : Studi Tingkat Pemahaman Education Sustainable Development (ESD) pada Siswa SMA
Authors: Karmana I Wayan
Published: March 2023

Indonesia is a developing country that is being intensively carrying out development. However, in carrying out development, there are positive and negative impacts. One of the negative impacts is the impact on the environment. For decades, the environment in Indonesia has become increasingly alarming, this is where the concept of sustainable development is very important to be applied so that development runs well without compromising the interests of the environment itself. This study aims to determine the characteristics and how to implement Education Sustainable Development (ESD) in Biology learning with the literature review method, namely a literature search both nationally and internationally which is carried out by reviewing thesis and journals. Based on the journal reviews that have been carried out, the understanding of Education Sustainable Development (ESD) at the high school level has increased through variations in learning models and media.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri Terbimbing (Guided Inquiry) Berbasis Saintifik terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa
Authors: Fitria Yulia , Safnowandi Safnowandi , Fajri Siti Rabiatul
Published: March 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of the scientific-based guided inquiry learning model on the critical thinking skills of class X students. In this study there are 2 variables, namely the independent variable and the dependent variable, the independent variable is the guided inquiry learning model (Guided Inquiry). the dependent variable is students' critical thinking ability. The population of this study were students of class X MIA at MA Al-Ishlahul Ittihad Jabon Tentan Bagu Village, Pringgarata District, Central Lombok Regency. The selected sample is class X MIA with a total of 20 students. This study applies a quantitative approach with the Quasi Experiment method with a one group pre-test post-test design. The instrument used in the study was a written test in the form of 10 essay questions for the Pre-test 5 test questions and Post-test 5 test questions. The test questions were used to measure students' critical thinking skills on earthworm material. Based on the data analysis, the average pre-test was 63.75 which was included in the non-critical category and the post-test average was 81.75 which was included in the critical category. The data analysis technique in this study used a paired t test with the help of SPSS. Based on the results of the t-test, it was found that there was a significant difference between the results of the Pre-test and the Post-test. The results of the calculation of students' critical thinking ability data show that the value of sig = 0.000 0.05 then the HO hypothesis is rejected and Ha is accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that there is an influence of the guided inquiry learning model on the critical thinking skills of class X MIA students at MA Al-Ishlahul Ittihad Jabon Tentan Bagu Village, Pringgarata District, Central Lombok Regency.
Peran Filsafat Pendidikan sebagai Fondasi Transformasi Kesehatan
Authors: Pauzi Iswari , Sarjan Muhammad , Muliadi Agus , Azizi Asrorul , Hamidi Hamidi , Yamin Muhammad , Muttaqin Muh. Zaini Hasanul , Ardiansyah Bakhtiar , Rahmatiah Rindu , Sudirman Sudirman , Rasyidi Mulia , Khery Yusran
Published: March 2023

The purpose of educational philosophy is to inspire how to organize an ideal learning process. Educational theory aims to generate ideas about educational policies and principles based on educational philosophy. Philosophy of education is a philosophical  that studies the nature of implementation and tries to answer questions about educational policy, human resources, curriculum and learning theory and other aspects of education that start with questions about what, why and how, which is the main basis of philosophy. In facing the era of globalization and digitalization, the Ministry of Health has made policies to implement Health Transformation, including; Transformation of human resources by establishing new study programs, transformation of health service facilities and infrastructure, transformation of health services and transformation of new communicable diseases. From the results of this study, philosophy has an important role in supporting the transformation of health.
Pembentukan Biogas pada Media Eceng Gondok dengan Starter Kotoran Ternak
Authors: Kurniawan Azhar Armia , Samani Kurnia Abdullah
Published: March 2023

Animal manure and water hyacinth become waste if not used. One of its uses is as raw material for biogas. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the type of manure on the formation of biogas from water hyacinth as seen from: 1) the rate of biogas formation, 2) the temperature of the slurry, 3) the pH of the slurry, and 4) the weight of the biogas produced. Research with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisted of five treatments (P); P1: cow dung + water hyacinth + water, P2: buffalo dung + water hyacinth + water, P3: goat dung + water hyacinth + water, P4: horse dung + water hyacinth + water, and P5: broiler chicken dung + water hyacinth + water . Each treatment was repeated 4 times to obtain 20 experimental units. The composition of the raw material mixture consists of 8 kg of water hyacinth chopped 2 cm + 3 kg of livestock manure + 2 liters of water. Parameters observed were: rate of gas formation, slurry pH, slurry temperature, and weight of biogas produced. The research was conducted at the Biology Education Laboratory, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Kapuas Sintang University. Data were analyzed by ANOVA at 5% significance level using SPSS 16.0 and BNT test if there was a significant difference between treatments. The results showed that the type of manure only had a significant effect on the weight of biogas formed, but had no significant effect on the rate of biogas formation, slurry pH, and slurry temperature. Thus the five types of manure can be used as a starter in the manufacture of biogas made from water hyacinth.
Kerangka Kerja Berpikir Sistem Menggunakan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam sebagai Pengetahuan Konten Sistem Kompleks
Authors: Setianingrum Rannaa
Published: March 2023

Understanding complex systems is an important goal for science learning, so it requires a deep understanding of complex systems knowledge as a subject matter that should be taught in schools. The analysis was conducted to find the dimensions of complex systems and their relevance to the characteristics of systems thinking in the context of science. The systems thinking framework in science learning materials is built based on the dimensions of complex systems and systems thinking. The results of the conceptualization of systems thinking framework are expected to provide a way to select science learning materials as content knowledge of complex systems and contribute to complex systems learning that facilitates systems thinking.
Pemanfaatan Bintil Akar Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea) sebagai Pupuk Biologi untuk Pertumbuhan Bibit Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens) dalam Upaya Penyusunan Petunjuk Praktikum Fisiologi Tumbuhan II
Authors: Andana Dwi Sri , Jannah Husnul , Safnowandi Safnowandi
Published: March 2023

Peanut root nodules can be used as a biological fertilizer. Root nodules are roots containing rhizobium bacteria as nitrogen enhancers, which can be used as biological fertilizers. Nitrogen is an element for forming important compounds in cells, including proteins, DNA and RNA. Cayenne pepper production is low due to lack of nutrients, one of which is nitrogen. To meet this need, researchers use peanut root nodules. The aim of this study was to determine the utilization of peanut root nodules (Arachis hypogaea), as a biological fertilizer for the growth of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens), in an effort to prepare plant physiology practical instructions II. This research is included in pure experimental research and development research. The design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Data collection techniques in this study were through observation and documentation methods, then data analysis used One Way Anova. The population consisted of 5 treatments, namely: 1) P.O (Control with 100% soil); 2) P.1 (3 grams of peanut root nodule fertilizer); 3) P.2 (2.5 grams of peanut root nodule fertilizer); 4) P.3 (2 grams of peanut root nodule fertilizer); and 5) P.4 (1.5 grams of peanut root nodule fertilizer), and repeated 4 times. Parameters observed in this study were plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter, stem length, and total leaf area. The results of the research on plant height parameters showed that the Fvalue < Ftable 0.05, that is, 1.827 < 3.06, the parameter for the number of leaves with the Fcount < Ftable 0.05, namely 1.500 < 3.06, the leaf length parameter with Fcount < Ftable 0.05, that is, 0.478 < 3.06, the leaf width parameter with a calculated Fvalue < Ftable 0.05, that is, 0.053 < 3.06, the stem segment length parameter with a calculated Fvalue < Ftable 0.05, namely , 0.660 < 3.06, parameter of stem diameter with calculated Fvalue < Ftable 0.05 ie, 0.489 < 3.06, and total leaf area parameter with calculated Fvalue < Ftable 0.05 ie 0.489 < 3.06. Based on the results of the study, all observation parameters did not have a significant effect (non-significant). In the development research, 2 expert validators were used, namely teaching material experts, material expert in plant physiology II and the readability test by 15 students. From the results of data analysis of teaching materials experts, the average value was 3.56, and material experts 3.53. As well as the readability test by 15 students an average of 2.98. So that the practical instructions for plant physiology II are feasible to use without revision.
Studi Morfologi Genus Piper dan Variasinya
Authors: Yuliana Lia
Published: March 2023

The Piper genus is a member of the piperaceae family which is spread throughout the tropics and subtropics from the lowlands to the highlands, including Indonesia. Piper is an important spice and phytopharmaca plant that is used by the Indonesian people for their needs for spices and traditional medicine. This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the morphological variations of plants belonging to the genus Piper found in Banyumas, Purbalingga, and Banjarnegara regencies. A total of 30 individuals belonging to the genus Piper were observed using 39 morphological characters. The method used is a survey method with a purposive random sampling technique. The data obtained from morphological observations were analyzed descriptively to obtain morphological variations of members of the genus Piper. The results of research in Banyumas, Purbalingga and Banjarnegara regencies found 6 plants belonging to the Piper genus, namely red betel (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.), green betel (Piper betle L.), yellow betel (Piper sp.), pepper (Piper nigrum L. .), cubeb (Piper cubeba L.f.), Javanese chili (Piper retrofractum Vahl). Variations in morphological characters of 6 plants belonging to the genus Piper were found in plant height, stem color, distance between internodes on the stem, leaf blade shape, leaf blade tip, leaf base. leaf color, color of the upper surface of the leaf, color of the lower surface of the leaf, length of the leaf blade, width of the leaf blade, texture of the upper and lower surface of the leaf, texture of the petiole, length of the petiole, color of the petiole, and aroma on the leaves.
The Role of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate as a Causative Agent of Recurrent Aphthous Ulceration
Authors: Mahdi Karar Abdulzahra
Published: March 2023

Background: Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is a detergent that has been used as the major surfactant in most dentifrices and could affect the barrier function of oral mucosa causing enhanced penetration of exogenous antigens.
Objective: The aim of this clinical trial was to compare the effects of an SLS-free dentifrice and an SLS-containing dentifrice in patients suffering of recurrent aphthous ulcers .
Method: This study was achieved in private clinic in 10/1/2015 to 1/6/2015,in this study, 33 volunteers (20 women, 13 men; mean age, 22 years: range, 15-35 years) were included, all have a history of recurrent aphthous ulceration. Two different dentifrices were used in the study. One contained SLS, and the other was SLS free. The patients were randomly allocated to one of the test toothpastes for 8 weeks, Then the patients changed to the other toothpaste for another 8 weeks period. The patients were asked to record on 100 mm visual analogue scales (VAS) the soreness arising of the ulcerated area, as well as the total number of ulcers, t-test was used to determine the statistical difference.
Results: The number of ulcers and baseline soreness scores were significantly less in the group of patients using SLS free tooth paste
Conclusions: This study concluded that using SLS free tooth baste can decrease the number of recurrent aphthous ulcers and the soreness that result of these ulcers regardless of the gender of the patients.
Recommendations: It was recommended to enhance the use of SLS free tooth baste to minimize the number of recurrent aphthous ulcers and the soreness.
Patient Safety in Primary Care: A Concept Analysis in Nursing
Authors: Kadhim Jihad Jawad
Published: March 2023

Background: Patient safety has been and is going to be the defining component of high quality health care. Studies have been performed regarding patient safety with much focus on medication errors, falls and safety incidents. In 2012, however, the World Health Organization stated that majority of the patient-provider interaction occurs in the primary care settings.
Objective: The analysis aimed at reviewing the literature on the concept patient safety in primary care, clarifying the defining attributes, and identifying the antecedents and consequences of the concept by using Walker and Avant's method of concept analysis.
Methodology: For the purpose of concept analysis, the major databases were searched namely CINAHL, MEDLINE, PSYCHINFO, and ProQuest. The following criteria were used for search: (a) peer-reviewed scholarly articles (b) English language (c) full text (d) date range from 2008 to 2013. Out of these hits, 18 articles were randomly chosen for the study. The analysis follows walker and Avant's method of concept analysis (2011).
Results: The identified defining attributes of the concept are: knowledge, freedom from harm, and commitment. The antecedents of the concept patient safety in primary care include safety incidents, self-reflection, staffing, communication, documentation, in-service education and training for providers, and safety culture, while the consequences are: improved quality of care, prevention of injury, and improved patient satisfaction.
Conclusion: the analysis provided well-clarified defining attributes of the concept patient safety in primary care which include: (a) knowledge, (b) freedom from harm, (c) and commitment to the patient safety.
Recommendation: The study concluded the need for further research on the long-term consequences of safety incidents on patient and family health.
Assessment of Mothers Education and their Knowledge about Home-Accident among Early Childhood Age Group
Authors: Abed Mohammed Talib , Aldoori Nuhad Mohammed
Published: March 2023

Objectives: The study was carried assessment of mothers education and their knowledge about home accidents prevention among early childhood age group.
Methodology: A descriptive study design was achieved in 10-30 October 2015. A non-probability accidental sample of 113 Mothers who agreed to participate in the study & have a child or more live together at the same house and the sample was selected of health centers when visiting for certain follow-up to their children in the Babylon city, middle of Iraq, Through using questionnaire that constructed by researchers to collect data available for the purpose of the study through using descriptive and inferential statistics according to the aims of the study. 
Results: After completion of 113 questionnaire, the results were revealed that majority of mother's age were 44 (38.9%) aged between 22-28 years old while their education were 58 (51.3) in primary level, for this reason the majority of the sample 96 (85%) were unemployed. The study reveals more than quarter of the sample 39.8% as 45 within group of 61-70 score of moderate knowledge with optimum level contrasted.
Conclusions: The present study reveals quarter of the sample had moderate knowledge with optimum level contrasted and few of them have poor knowledge regarding to accidents avoidance of kids under five as well as no correlation between mother's knowledge with their age and education.
Recommendations: Health education program about explanations for home accidents, medical aid managements and technique for avoidance into the educational modules at various levels were recommended.
Effectiveness of Simulation Techniques on the Nursing Students Knowledge toward Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Adults at College of Nursing/University of Baghdad
Authors: Abdulwahhab Musaab Majid
Published: March 2023

Objectives: The study aims to find out the effectiveness of simulation on the students knowledge toward Cardiopulmonary resuscitation for adults
Methodology: a quasi-experimental design study with pre test , post test 1 and post test 2 were conducted to identify the effectiveness of simulation on the students knowledge toward Cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The study starting from November 10th 2014 to the May 10th 2015 on 75 students at 4th  years in the College of Nursing / University of Baghdad , the instrument was consist of the Australian guide for Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation , the instrument consist of 20 questions that measure the Basic and advance life support, the reliability of the study was measured through test retest method = 0.85, the researcher use the descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze data
Results: differences in the mean among the pre test , post test 1 and post test 2 were calculated by using Paired Samples T-test , the results show a highly statistical significant differences (p 0.001), the mean (23.186, 49.880 and 52.5867) for pre test , post test 1 and post test 2 respectively show a a marked increase in the knowledge of students toward Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation
Conclusion: the study conclude that a significant increase in the students knowledge were found when using a high-fidelity Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Simulation in the training of the students.
Recommendations: according to the findings of the study the researcher recommend to provide and use a high fidelity simulation in the students training.
Association between Nutrient Contents of Foods and Occurrence of Breast Cancer, A Case Control Study
Authors: Salai Jangi Shawkat , Jawzali Jwan Ibrahim
Published: March 2023

Objective: The study conducted to identify association of nutrient contents of foods with occurrence of breast cancer compares to control group.
Design: It is descriptive (analytic case-control study). Interview questionnaire was used to collect data of; socio-demographic properties, reproductive history, familial cancer history, and life style factors included indices of obesity,  and diet history data to calculate intake of; energy, macronutrient, vitamins and minerals by quantitative food frequency questionnaire.
Methodology: The study included (59) women with diagnosed breast cancer, and (65) controls women free from all types of cancer attending Rizgary and Hawler teaching hospital / Erbil / Iraq , from the period of 1st April to 30 July 2011. Statistical analysis included Descriptive statistic, and logistic regression analysis
Results: The results showed significant increase in the risk of breast cancer by; low income and low awareness, family history of cancer, and higher intake than controls of; energy, digestible and high glycemic load carbohydrates, saturated fats, cholesterol, vitamins; thiamin, and cholecalciferol and minerals; phosphors, sodium zinc, manganese, and selenium. While primary education level act as significant protective factor in addition to slight protective effect of; vitamins K (naphthoquinones), insoluble fiber and (beans and tea) as foods.
Conclusion: High dietary intake of rich energy nutrients, and salty foods could cause; oxidative stress , hormone disturbance and associate with breast cancer risk . Low and safe levels of dietary micro-nutrients and their blood homeostasis may decrease tissues damage and risk of breast cancer.
Recommendations: The study recommended implementation nutritional status assessment and nutritional educational program by nutritional specialized nurses, and nutritionists.
Doppler Resistive Index as a Predictors of Sperm Retrieval in Azoospermic Iraqi Patients
Authors: Al -Essawi Saad Al -Deen Ghali , Al-Haidery Ahmed Mohsin Jasim , Al-Fatlawi Hayder  Kadhum Hussein
Published: March 2023

Objective: To evaluate the Doppler ultrasound in prediction the success of sperm retrieval in Iraqi azoospermic patient using the resistive index (RI).
Methodology: This cross sectional study conducted in the Doppler unite and the Fertility center in the AL-Sadder Medical City in a period between April 2013 and January 2014 .The study included 72 patients with azoospermia, their age ranging from 20 to 50 years , US and Doppler study were done for them prior to testicular sperm extraction (TESE) . Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version 20 in which use two by two tables to compute different accuracy measures.
 Results: There were 33 patients with positive post-surgical results and 39 patients with negative results. The accuracy of RI in predicting post-surgical result was (76.4%). The study shows that when the size of the testis was normal and the RI was < 0.7, the accuracy of the successful rate of sperm retrieval will be higher (82.2%) and when the size of the testis was small and the RI ≥ 0.7, the accuracy was lower (66.7%).
Conclusion: This study concludes that Doppler ultrasound using RI parameter can be used as a predictor of sperm retrieval in azoospermic patients and this will be increase if taken with testicular size parameter.
Recommendations: This study recommends the use of RI parameter of Doppler ultrasound and testicular size as a predictor of sperm retrieval in azoospermic patients.
Assessment of Performance Status on Physical and Psychological Problems Related to Chemotherapy among Patients with Cancer
Authors: Al-Abbody Huda H. , Al-Attar Wafaa M. A.
Published: March 2023

Objectives: The main aim of the study was to assess the performance statue on physical and psychological problems related to chemotherapy among patients with cancer and find out the relationship between study findings and selected variables
Methodology: A study conducted descriptive on one hundred of cancer patients under chemotherapy collected in Outpatient Clinic of the Oncology Imamen Al-Kazemin Hospital during period of June to September 2016. The study utilized the questionnaire about performance, physical and psychological problems related to chemotherapy among patients with cancer:
Results: Fatigue, hair loss, metallic taste in mouth, Sore mouth, appetite loss, nausea, and vomiting were the most commonly experienced and most debilitating and severity physical symptoms. Approximately less than half of participants had borderline or clinical levels of anxiety and depression. Although relatively performance grade range (0-1) levels were91% of patient s activity ranged between full active and some restricted. finally, there is significant differences between performance status to their physical &psychological problems at P value 0.001. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS, version 22.
Conclusions: The study showed the presence of physical and psychological problems for patients with cancer and its relationship with the state of performance of activities and adherence to that sample.
Recommendation: The study recommended to promoting public health educational programs to elevate the level of awareness regarding the necessity to support patients complaining of cancer in Iraq.
Assessment of the Quality of End of Life Conditions and Care of Children Admitted to Oncology, Haematology Centre and Critical Illness in ICU Children Centre
Authors: Azize Pary Mohammad
Published: March 2023

Background: The majority of deaths among hospitalized children happen in the Oncology, Haematology Unit and also in the ICU. There is no well-defined, reliable and valid method for measuring the quality of end-of-life care in the field of pediatric palliative care; further, limited studies that have examined the quality of dyeing experience among children in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.Objectives: The study was aimed to assess the nurse's perceptions regarding the quality of children dying experience in the Sulaimanea Oncology and ICU Centre.Methodology: A cross- sectional descriptive studywas conducted and sixty nurses (30 Oncology and 30 ICU nurses) were recruited in the study. The data collection started from May 20th to July 20th 2016. Study objectives were addressed using a survey design; a modified validated Quality of Death and Dying questionnaire and open ended questions were used in order to collect the quantitative and qualitative data Findings.Results: The majority of participants reported that cancer dying children were significantly suffered pain, bleeding, stress and terrified from the hospital more than ICU dying children and also cancer children, family seem to stay with their child during death time more than the ICU children families. Nurses in both settings faced three barriers in offering the end of life care, such as no palliative unit available along with no adequate palliative care offered to the patients as standard in both Oncology and critical care settings (Institution and organizational barrier). Further, the family also makes a barrier as they spent too much time with their children and participate in the care of their children (family barrier), and limited role of the nurses barrier.Conclusion: The findings of the present study conclude that there are some significant differences between the quality of a child's death between Cancer and non- Cancer patients Three barriers were reported by the nurses that may hinder the access of end of life services, such as (Institution and organizational barrier, family barrier and limited role of the nurse's barrier)Recommendations: Standard end of life care is necessary to manage deterioration patients and also a continuous specific end of life care education course are required for the nurse working in these settings.
Nutritional Status and Food Behavior among Primary School Students in Duhok City
Authors: Abdullah Rebar Yahiya , Sarkees Alaa Noori , Yasin Najim Abdullah
Published: March 2023

Background: The assessment of nutritional status as a part of school health component, can serve as a screening tool to identify children who need nutritional intervention and to prevent further deterioration in their nutritional status with reducing the risk of poor school performance.
Objective: Evaluate the primary school students' nutritional status in Duhok City and find out the relationship between students' nutritional status with their food behavior.
Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted throughout the period 25th November 2014 to 25th November 2015. Cluster stratified simple random sampling of (700) primary school students who aged 6-12 years were selected of 41 primary schools in Duhok city. Food behavior and socio- demographic data were obtained by direct interview. In addition, height and weight measured in order to calculate body mass index of primary school age children. A questionnaire was modified as a tool of data collection and utilized the height and weight scales for measuring student`s height and weight for the purpose of the present study. Data were analyzed through the use of descriptive and inferential statistical analysis approaches.
Results: the present study showed highest percent (57.1%) of primary school student's nutritional status was healthy weight and more than two third of them were at somewhat healthy food behavior (71.3%). In addition to highly significant relationship between such nutritional status of primary school students and their food behavior with P. value (0.001).
Conclusion: The present study revealed that the primary school students' nutritional status is influenced by their food behavior.
Recommendations: The researchers recommended that schools of Duhok City, health care system and parent should involve in establishing nutritional educational program steps, guidelines, inclusion of health related nutritional topics in school curriculum with yearly screening children including: checking height, weight and BMI according to age.
Assessment of the Factors that Contribute to Lymphoma's Patient in Hematology Wards at Baghdad Teaching Hospitals
Authors: Kadhim Alaa  Jawad
Published: March 2023

Background: The factors and conditions that contribute to any disease, such as Hodgkin and Non- Hodgkin  lymphoma and  anyone and may include genetic which are related to the characteristics of genes, as well as factors associated with the environment or lifestyle and circumstances Life, such as smoking and poor nutrition or obesity or alcohol abuse or working conditions (such as the constant exposure to radioactive materials).
Objectives: the study aims to assess the factors that contribute to lymphoma's Patient in Hematology wards and to find out the relationship between the factor of lymphoma's patient and some variables like (Age, Gender, Marital Status, Occupational Status, Education Status, Ownership of Housing, Body mass Index (BMI))
Methodology s: A descriptive study was started in 4th October 2014 to 5th May 2015. Non-probability sample of (32) Lymphoma patients who in hematology wards at (4) Baghdad Teaching Hospitals . The data (questionnaire) were collected  3rd April to 4th  May of 2015; by interviewed technique used which include two parts: Part 1: Patients' demographic characteristics which include (7) items. Part 2: Include (14) item medical information for study samples at hematology wards. Validity of the instruments was determined through use of panel of (10) experts, the reliability of the tool determined (r = 0.92) which was adequately reliable.  A pilot study was conducted on a purposive sample of (10) patients which were selected  Baghdad Teaching Hospital in hematology ward.  The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistical measures which included frequencies, percentages; mean of score (Severity) as well as the use of inferential statistical measures which include correlation and reliability coefficient for the Pilot study were used for the data analysis under application of the statistical package of social science (SPSS) ver. (16).
Results: the findings of the study indicated that more than half of patient' ages between (65 and above) years old who were males accounted for 18 (56.2%), and majority of the samples 14 (43.8%) who were obese and total mean of score for (14) studied items for Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin lymphomas patients factors were (1.47) at moderate severity mean of score. The study indicated that there is a significant relationship between age group, gender, Body Mass Index and factor for Hodgkin and Non- Hodgkin lymphoma patient.
Conclusions: the study conclude that the obesity, smoking, genetic factor, exposure to radioactive materials, Immune deficiencies and Rheumatic disease are a major of the factors that contribute to Lymphoma.
Recommendations: the study recommended that Specific health education program by the staff at ministry of health about lymphoma risk factors for patients. A booklet should be designated and distributed to all patients at hematology wards. Recommended MOH to reduce radiotherapy and chemotherapy staff work time or years of employment.
Telehealth and telemedicine in the management of adult patients after hospitalization for COPD exacerbation: a scoping review
Authors: Cristina Rezende1 Lilian , Geraldo Ribeiro1 Edmar , Carvalho Parreiras1 Laura , Assunção Guimarães1 Rayssa , Maciel dos Reis1 Gabriela , Fernandes Carajá1 Adriana , Batista Franco2 Túlio , Patrícia de Souza Mendes1 Liliane , Maria Augusto1 Valéria , Lara Silva1 Kênia
Published: March 2023

Objective: A substantial number of people with COPD suffer from exacerbations, which are defined as an acute worsening of respiratory symptoms. To minimize exacerbations, telehealth has emerged as an alternative to improve clinical management, access to health care, and support for self-management. Our objective was to map the evidence of telehealth/telemedicine for the monitoring of adult COPD patients after hospitalization due to an exacerbation. Methods: Bibliographic search was carried in PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science, Scopus, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde/LILACS and Cochrane Library databases to identify articles describing telehealth and telemonitoring strategies in Portuguese, English, or Spanish published by December of 2021. Results: Thirty-nine articles, using the following concepts (number of articles), were included in this review: telehealth (21); telemonitoring (20); telemedicine (17); teleconsultation (5); teleassistance (4); telehomecare and telerehabilitation (3 each); telecommunication and mobile health (2 each); and e-health management, e-coach, telehome, telehealth care and televideo consultation (1 each). All these concepts describe strategies which use telephone and/or video calls for coaching, data monitoring, and health education leading to self-management or self-care, focusing on providing remote integrated home care with or without telemetry devices. Conclusions: This review demonstrated that telehealth/telemedicine in combination with telemonitoring can be an interesting strategy to benefit COPD patients after discharge from hospitalization for an exacerbation, by improving their quality of life and reducing re-hospitalizations, admissions to emergency services, hospital length of stay, and health care costs.
Condições de trabalho na atenção primária e redes sociais no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Alves de Souza Albertina , Ferreira da Silva Maria Rocineide
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: As redes sociais como potenciais possibilidades de garantir saúde e segurança do trabalho ao Enfermeiro da APS durante a pandemia. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de literatura e levantamento de dados a partir da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde durante os meses de março a julho de 2020. Resultados: Foram selecionados 12 artigos que apontam e necessidade de analisar as redes sociais estabelecidas, objetivando sua saúde e proteção no trabalho, assim como a aquisição do Equipamento de Proteção Individual para garantir a prestação de cuidado seguro e humanizado. Conclusão: concluimos que o grau de comprometimento com o cuidado e adaptação à constante mudança de fluxo de atendimento e protocolos, serão acessados sempre, mas para isso é necessário ter garantia das condições de trabalho com saúde e segurança, questão em foco pela utilização de EPI em condições suficientes e efetivas de acordo com a atividade a ser desenvolvida.
Perfil epidemiológico de hanseníase na população idosa no estado do tocantins de 2017 a 2021
Authors: Do Socorro Lima da Silva Luciana , Dos Santos Sanches Luisa , Machado Borges Raquel , Gonçalves Novais Dennis , Alves Santana Karlene , Chaves da Silva Kesia , De Araujo Soares Gomes Cristiana Maria , Sousa de Lima Nayara
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico dos casos de hanseníase na população idosa Tocantins de 2017-2021. Método: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico de caráter retrospectivo, quantitativo e exploratório-descritivo que apresenta como público a população idosa do Tocantins. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de consultas à base de dados do Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), disponibilizados no Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS) no período de 2017 a 2021. Resultados: Foram notificados 1742 casos durante o recorde temporal, predominou o sexo masculino (65%), na faixa etária de 60-69 anos (58%), parda (61%), grau de escolaridade de 1ª a 4ª série incompleta do Ensino Fundamental (29%), classificação operacional multibacilares (91%) e forma clínica dimorfa (69%). Conclusão: Importante promover conhecimento dos possíveis determinantes e condicionantes da doença no Tocantins, para que assim, implementar ações de controle da patologia, diagnóstico precoce e tratamento adequado evitando as consequências da doença nos idosos.
Fatores associados ao uso de equipamento de proteção individual por profissionais de saúde
Authors: Smith de Mesquita Leonel Lucas , Moreira da Silva Soeiro Vanessa , Santos Gomes Sâmea Cristina , Silva Tereza Cristina , Carnib Nascimento Camila Evangelista , Amaral de Sousa Oliveira Carlos , De Jesus Mendes Caldas Arlene
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: Analisar os fatores associados ao uso de equipamento de proteção individual por profissionais de saúde vítimas de acidentes de trabalho no Brasil. Método: Estudo transversal e analítico sobre os fatores associados ao uso de equipamento de proteção individual. Resultados: Em apenas 27,38% dos acidentes de trabalho os profissionais utilizavam três ou mais equipamentos de proteção individual no momento do acidente. Ser profissional com idade ≤ 40 anos, ter ≤ 12 anos de escolaridade, trabalhar na capital ou região metropolitana, trabalhar com ocupação de nível técnico, ter ≤ 10 anos de trabalho, acidentar-se com exposição percutânea, por sangue e por perfuro cortantes, apresenta maiores chances de não estar usando equipamento de proteção individual nos casos de acidentes de trabalho. Conclusão: Os resultados podem contribuir para os planos de gestão de prevenção de acidentes de trabalho com material biológico e adesão das precauções-padrão, além da conscientização da importância das notificações dos acidentes.