bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physician knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding physical activity restrictions in pediatric hemodialysis patients
Authors: Dandamudi Raja , Twombley Katherine , Flynn Joseph T. , Kakajiwala Aadil , Chand Deepa H.
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Epidemiologic studies of physical activity among pediatric hemodialysis (HD) patients are lacking. A sedentary lifestyle in End‐Stage Kidney Disease is associated with a higher cardiovascular mortality risk. In those patients receiving HD, time spent on dialysis and restrictions on physical activity due to access also contribute. No consensus exists regarding physical activity restrictions based on vascular access type.

The aim of this study was to describe the patterns of physical activity restrictions imposed by pediatric nephrologists on pediatric HD patients and to understand the basis for these restrictions.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional study involving US pediatric nephrologists using an anonymized survey through Pediatric Nephrology Research Consortium. The survey consisted of 19 items, 6 questions detailed physician characteristics with the subsequent 13 addressing physical activity restrictions.

Findings

A total of 35 responses (35% response rate) were received. The average years in practice after fellowship was 11.5 years. Significant restrictions were placed on physical activity and water exposure. None of the participants reported accesses damage or loss that was attributed to physical activity and sport participation. Physicians practice is based on their personal experience, standard practice at their HD center, and clinical practices they were taught.

Discussion

There is no consensus among pediatric nephrologists about allowable physical activity in children receiving HD. Due to the lack of objective data, individual physician beliefs have been utilized to restrict activities in the absence of any deleterious effects to accesses. This survey clearly demonstrates the need for more prospective and detailed studies to develop guidelines regarding physical activity and dialysis access in order to optimize quality of care in these children.
Effect of guided tissue regeneration on the success of surgical endodontic treatment of teeth withendodontic‐periodontallesions: A systematic review
Authors: Rosen Eyal , Tsesis Igor , Kavalerchik Eitan , Salem Rahaf , Kahn Adrian , Del Fabbro Massimo , Taschieri Silvio , Corbella Stefano
Published: May 2023

Background

Endodontic‐periodontal lesions may need surgical approach and the application of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) to be treated by a combined approach.

Objectives

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of GTR on the success (clinical and radiological healing) of teeth with endodontic‐periodontal lesions treated by modern surgical endodontic treatment, by means of a systematic review of the literature.

Methods

An exhaustive electronic (Medline, Embase and Scopus searched from inception to August 2020) and manual literature search combined with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria was undertaken to identify any clinical (prospective case series or comparative trials) studies that assessed the added benefit of GTR in modern surgical endodontic treatment of teeth with endodontic‐periodontal lesions. The success of the treatment was assessed based on radiographic healing and clinical evaluations. The risk of bias of the identified studies was evaluated using the Cochrane's collaboration RoB 2.0 tool and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools.

Results

A systematic literature search for eligible reports retrieved three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and one prospective single arm study with a total of 125 teeth in 125 subjects. One of the RCTs has a low risk of bias, while the other two raised some concerns, using the RoB 2.0 tool. Due to the heterogeneity of the results, it was not possible to perform a comparative meta‐analysis and the results are presented in a narrative manner and by calculating pooled outcomes. Pooling together the data from all the included studies, the reported outcome was of complete healing in 58.4% of all cases, of scar tissue formation/incomplete healing in 24% of cases, of uncertain healing in 12.8% of cases, and of failure in 4.8% of all analysed teeth, with a follow‐up ranging from 12 to 60 months.

Discussion

The scientific evidence about the use of GTR in modern surgical endodontic treatment of endodontic‐periodontal lesion is sparse, and the available results are derived from very heterogeneous studies, thus not permitting to clarify which is the most effective treatment option in these cases.

Conclusions

There is an absence of studies comparing GTR versus no GTR.

Registration

The protocol for this review was registered in the PROSPERO database with the registration ID number CRD42022300470.
Epidemiology and survival analysis of Merkel cell carcinoma in South Korea: a nationwide, multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Choi Jee Woong , Kim Yul Hee , Mun Je‐Ho , Jo Seong Jin , Roh Mi Ryung , Chung Kee Yang , Yun Sook Jung , Lee Jee‐Bum , Yun Seok‐Kweon , Kim Min Sung , Kim Hee Joo , Kim Kwang Ho , Kim Il‐Hwan , Park Ji‐Hye , Li Kapsok , Kim You Chan ,   the Korean Society of Skin Cancer (KSSC)
Published: May 2023

Background

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive skin cancer, of which most research has been conducted in Caucasians. Therefore, the clinicopathological features and prognosis of Merkel cell carcinoma in Asians are still scarce. The aim of this study is to investigate the epidemiology and survival of MCC in South Korea and provide representative information regarding MCC in Asia.

Methods

This was a retrospective, nationwide, multicenter study conducted in 12 centers across South Korea. Patients with pathologically proven MCC were included in the study. The clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes of the patients were investigated. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method, and independent prognostic factors were identified using Cox regression analysis.

Results

A total of 161 patients with MCC were evaluated. The mean age was 71 years with a female predominance. OS was significantly different among the stages. Among clinicopathological features, multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that only the stage at diagnosis was associated with poorer overall survival.

Conclusions

The results of our study suggest that the incidence of MCC was higher in females than in males and that there was a higher rate of local disease at the time of diagnosis. Among the variable clinicopathological features, disease stage at diagnosis was the only significant prognostic factor for MCC in South Korea. The findings of this nationwide, multicenter study suggest that MCC has distinct features in South Korea compared with other countries.
Topical brimonidine for the management of facial erythema in rosacea: a histological, histometric, and immunohistochemical study
Authors: El‐Domyati Moetaz , Rezk Ahmed F. , Nasif Ghada , Abdelhameed Samah S. , Medhat Walid
Published: May 2023

Background

Facial erythema in rosacea is a troublesome embarrassing presentation with limited options of treatment. Daily brimonidine gel was shown to be an effective modality of treatment. Being unavailable in Egypt and the scarcity of objective evaluation of its therapeutic effect motivated the search for other alternatives.

Objective

To evaluate the use and effectiveness of topical brimonidine eye drops for the management of facial erythema in rosacea with the aid of objective assessment.

Methods

The study was conducted on 10 rosacea patients presented with facial erythema. Brimonidine tartrate eye drops 0.2% were applied twice daily for 3 months on areas of red facial skin. Punch biopsies were obtained before and after 3 months of treatment. Routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining as well as CD34 immunohistochemical staining were performed for all biopsies. Sections were examined to detect the changes in the count and the surface area of blood vessels.

Results

Evaluation of clinical results showed good improvement of facial redness at the end of treatment (55–75%). Only 10% of subjects expressed rebound erythema. H&E and CD34 stained sections showed an increased count of dilated dermal blood vessels, which decreased significantly after treatment in count and surface area (P = 0.005, and P = 0.004, respectively).

Conclusion

Topical brimonidine eye drops proved to be effective in managing facial erythema in rosacea, providing an available and cheaper alternative to brimonidine gel. The study improved the subjective evaluation in the context of objective assessment of treatment efficacy.
Successful live birth following a short course of glucocorticoid suppression in a patient with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 and premature ovarian insufficiency: A case report
Authors: Bradbury Rachel , McLean Mark , Smith Howard
Published: May 2023

A 32‐year‐old nulliparous woman with premature ovarian insufficiency POI and autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 (APS‐2), presented to our fertility center with a 2.5‐year history of amenorrhoea. Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH), with high dose gonadotropins, failed to promote antral follicle growth. The patient was given a short, 4‐week course of 2 mg dexamethasone prior to a repeat COH cycle, which resulted in the retrieval of good oocyte numbers and eventual live birth from a thawed embryo transfer.
Diaspora boundaries and racial democracy: Nationalist discourses on Judaism and Zionism in Brazil
Authors: Grossman Jonathan
Published: May 2023

This article examines how Brazilian nationalist elites perceived Jews, Judaism and Zionism during the military dictatorship period (1964–1985). Although an explicit antisemitic discourse was socially unacceptable in Brazil, many nationalist officials and intellectuals who discussed Jewish and Zionist Brazilians among themselves during those years were using a discourse of Jewish disloyalty. This discourse depicted Jews who adopted a diasporic stance (maintaining certain ethnic and national boundaries and supporting the State of Israel) as not loyal enough to Brazil. Tracing the history of this discourse, the article shows that it was inspired and informed by particular Brazilian notions of race, ethnicity and diaspora, and especially the national narrative of racial democracy. As such, it was a uniquely Brazilian discourse, even as it shared several common characteristics with how Jews were perceived and discussed in other countries. This is illustrated by comparing the Brazilian and Argentine nationalist discourses of Jewish disloyalty.
“What is Your Best Price?”—An Experimental Study of an Alternative Negotiation Opening
Authors: Lipp Wolfram , Kesting Peter , Smolinski Remigiusz
Published: May 2023

Much attention has been devoted to the “first offer” in negotiation research. Rightly so, as strong empirical evidence shows that the first offer has a significant impact on the negotiated outcome and, therefore, is a highly relevant topic for negotiation scholars and practitioners. Scholars typically recommend making the first offer. However, in the field, we have observed an alternative opening tactic—asking for the best price that the counterpart is willing to accept. This question represents a real alternative to making the first offer by initiating the discussion of specific settlement proposals, provided the counterpart answers the query. Does it, however, lead the other side to make a better offer? How does the question impact the economic and relational outcomes of the negotiation? Is it advisable to use this tactic in negotiations? We investigated these questions based on a controlled laboratory experiment, in which 227 dyads of cellphone buyers and sellers negotiated synchronously via a text chat. We found that the best‐price question has an impact on not only the first offer but also the negotiation outcome. When the buyers in our experiment asked the question, the results were not significantly different than those from negotiations in which they made the first offer. This effect was driven by the first offer in response to the question. Additionally, we found that the best‐price question did not negatively impact the relational outcome. Moreover, the effect was reduced when list price information was available. These findings suggest rethinking the traditional view of the offer‐counteroffer sequence and provide an alternative opening tactic to making the first offer in the context of high information asymmetry.
Heterosexist discrimination and relational sacrifice of same‐sex couples
Authors: Li Xiaomin , Zhao Zhenqiang , Curran Melissa A. , Mills‐Koonce Roger , Cao Hongjian
Published: May 2023

Drawing on the family stress process model and using data from 141 same‐sex couples (N = 282 partners), we examined associations between heterosexist discrimination and relational sacrifices (i.e., willingness and behaviors). We also examined the moderating roles of both partners' internalized homophobia and state‐level liberalism on same‐sex marriage legalization. Actor‐partner interdependence moderation models were conducted. Most of our findings supported hypotheses from the family stress process model. One individual's experiences of greater heterosexist discrimination were related to the partner's higher levels of sacrifice willingness and the individual's own higher frequency of sacrifice behaviors. Such associations emerged (a) among couples living in more liberal states that legalized same‐sex marriage earlier, and (b) when the individual's partner reported lower levels of internalized homophobia. Yet the moderating role of an individual's internalized homophobia was the opposite of our hypothesis. When individuals reported high (versus low) internalized homophobia, individuals' experiences of more discriminative events were related to partners' higher levels of sacrifice willingness. Collectively, our study findings highlight that—when investigating how same‐sex couples forge and maintain romantic bonds—researchers should consider their experiences in the social cultural context of heteronormativity, which includes the focus on discrimination, stigma, and affirmative laws and policies.
Photobiomodulation therapy at 632 nm wavelength ameliorates intrauterine adhesion via activation of cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway
Authors: Zheng Hongjie , Wang Caixia , Wu Shan , Pei Qing , Yao Min
Published: May 2023

Intrauterine adhesion (IUA), a major cause of uterine infertility, is pathologically characterized by endometrial fibrosis. Current treatments for IUA have poor efficacy with high recurrence rate, and restoring uterine functions is difficult. We aimed to determine the therapeutic efficacy of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy on IUA and elucidate its underlying mechanisms. A rat IUA model was established via mechanical injury, and PBM was applied intrauterinely. The uterine structure and function were evaluated using ultrasonography, histology, and fertility tests. PBM therapy induced a thicker, more intact, and less fibrotic endometrium. PBM also partly recovered endometrial receptivity and fertility in IUA rats. A cellular fibrosis model was then established with human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) cultured in the presence of TGF‐β1. PBM alleviated TGF‐β1‐induced fibrosis and triggered cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling in ESCs. Pretreatment with the inhibitors targeting this pathway weakened PBM's protective efficacy in the IUA rats and ESCs. Therefore, we conclude that PBM improved endometrial fibrosis and fertility via activating cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling in IUA uterus. This study sheds more lights on the efficacy of PBM as a potential treatment for IUA.
Success of embryo transfer of hybrid embryos in Old World camelids: A first study
Authors: Mansour Nabil , Lamghari Fouad , Alhefeiti Fatmah , Al‐Khateeb Rama , Nasif Mostafa , Shafik Mahmoud , Elshazly Mohamed
Published: May 2023

This is the first study to test the embryo transfer (ET) of hybrid embryos in Old World camelids and produces a live calf from a dromedary recipient. Hybrid embryos were collected from 7 dromedary and 10 Bactrian donors, with or without ovarian super‐stimulation, and transferred to dromedary recipients. Pregnancy diagnosis was conducted on Day 10 post‐ET by using the progesterone‐ELISA test and trans‐rectal ultrasonography at 1 and 2 months of gestation. The date of abortion, stillbirth, or normal calving for each pregnant recipient was recorded. Without ovarian super‐stimulation, two and one recipients were pregnant at 10 days post‐ET, from ♂ Bactrian X ♀ dromedary and ♂ dromedary X ♀ Bactrian, respectively. While at 2 months of gestation, only one recipient was diagnosed pregnant from ♂ Bactrian X ♀ dromedary. Response to ovarian super‐stimulation was successful in all 4 of the tested dromedary donors and in 8 out of 10 Bactrian donors. Additionally, 4 super‐stimulated Bactrian donors (40%) showed failure of ovulation. The number of super‐stimulated developed follicles and recovered embryos was higher in dromedary donors compared to Bactrian donors. Ten and two recipients were diagnosed pregnant at 10 days post‐ET for ♂ Bactrian X ♀ dromedary and ♂ dromedary X ♀ Bactrian, respectively. At 2 months of gestation, the number of pregnant recipients from ♂ Bactrian X ♀ dromedary was reduced to eight, while the two pregnant recipients from ♂ dromedary X ♀ Bactrian remained pregnant. Total early pregnancy loss at 2 months gestation for all transferred hybrid embryos, obtained with or without ovarian super‐stimulation, was 4/15 (26.6%). One healthy male calf was born from a recipient, with a total gestation period of 383 days, that received an embryo from a Bactrian male and a dromedary donor. Stillbirth was observed in six cases after 10.5–12 months of gestation and three cases aborted between 7 and 9 months of gestation due to trypanosomiasis. In conclusion, ET of hybrid embryos in Old World camelids is successful. However, further studies are required to improve the outcome of this technology to be used for meat and milk production in camels.
Intellectual humility predicts COVID‐19 preventive practices through greater adoption of data‐driven information and feelings of responsibility
Authors: Ryu Young‐Ju , Olcaysoy Okten Irmak , Gollwitzer Anton , Oettingen Gabriele
Published: May 2023

Preventive health practices have been crucial to mitigating viral spread during the COVID‐19 pandemic. In two studies, we examined whether intellectual humility—openness to one's existing knowledge being inaccurate—related to greater engagement in preventive health practices (social distancing, handwashing, mask‐wearing). In Study 1, we found that intellectually humble people were more likely to engage in COVID‐19 preventive practices. Additionally, this link was driven by intellectually humble people's tendency to adopt information from data‐driven sources (e.g., medical experts) and greater feelings of responsibility over the outcomes of COVID‐19. In Study 2, we found support for these relationships over time (2 weeks). Additionally, Study 2 showed that the link between intellectual humility and preventive practices was driven by a greater tendency to adopt data‐driven information when encountering it, rather than actively seeking out such information. These findings reveal the promising role of intellectual humility in making well‐informed decisions during public health crises.
A Rate-Dependent Cell Microinjection Model Based on Membrane Theory
Authors: Kang Shengzheng , Song Zhicheng , Yang Xiaolong , Li Yao , Wu Hongtao , Li Tao
Published: May 2023

As an effective method to deliver external materials into biological cells, microinjection has been widely applied in the biomedical field. However, the knowledge of cell mechanical property is still inadequate, which greatly limits the efficiency and success rate of injection. Thus, a new rate-dependent mechanical model based on membrane theory is proposed for the first time. In this model, an analytical equilibrium equation between the injection force and cell deformation is established by considering the speed effect of microinjection. Different from the traditional membrane-theory-based model, the elastic coefficient of the constitutive material in the proposed model is modified as a function of the injection velocity and acceleration, effectively simulating the influence of speeds on the mechanical responses and providing a more generalized and practical model. Using this model, other mechanical responses at different speeds can be also accurately predicted, including the distribution of membrane tension and stress and the deformed shape. To verify the validity of the model, numerical simulations and experiments were carried out. The results show that the proposed model can match the real mechanical responses well at different injection speeds up to 2 mm/s. The model presented in this paper will be promising in the application of automatic batch cell microinjection with high efficiency.
Thickness Control of Autoclave-Molded Composite Laminates
Authors: Gongadze Ekaterina , Dighton Chris , Nash Gregory , Moss Martin , Hemingway Brett , Belnoue Jonathan P.-H. , Hallett Stephen R.
Published: May 2023

Composite materials and especially those made from pre-impregnated (prepreg) material are widely used in the aerospace industry. To achieve the tight assembly dimensional tolerances required, manufacturers rely on additional manufacturing steps like shimming or machining, which generate extra waste, which are time-consuming and expensive. Prepreg sheets come naturally with fiber and resin volume content variability that leads manufacturers to guarantee cured ply thicknesses within a typical +/−5% margin of their nominal values. For thick laminates, this can equate to a thickness variability of as much as a few millimeter. To solve the issue, it is proposed to twin in situ laser measurements of the uncured prepreg thickness with numerical simulations of the laminate autoclave consolidation and cure process and to adjust the number of additional sacrificial plies in the laminate based on the model predictions. This reduces the need for expensive and time-consuming trial and error approaches, extra machining operations, and results in the production of a part with high accuracy dimensions. Data for IM7/8552 and IM7/977-3 are presented to demonstrate the potential of the method to reach an almost exact target thickness for flat panels.
Failure Risk Assessment of Pressurized Cylinder by Magnetic Measurements
Authors: Shen Zheng-xiang , Zhu Jin-dan , Wang Du , Xu Jia-min , Huang Huan-dong , Zhang Hao-qi , Cai Peng-hui , Chen Hu
Published: May 2023

Failure risk assessment of pressure vessels and piping systems is an important part of their integrity management. Obviously, there are many shortcomings in risk analysis using only traditional procedures, which are mostly qualitative or conservative by nature. This study develops a novel limit analysis method using quantitative magnetic measurements to determine the failure risk of steel vessels. First, the correlation between the physico-mechanical properties of a pressurized steel cylinder and the magnetic coercive force was obtained by hydraulic tests, it is found that increasing internal pressure leads to an increase in the coercive force, and the magnetomechanical behavior can be described by a linear general expression. By solving the inverse problem, it is possible to diagnose the transition of the structure to the yield region or the fracture region based on the measurements of coercivity, which enables us to conduct the risk assessment prior to the failure of a pressurized cylinder, validated by a full-scale hydrostatic burst test. Finally, a quantitative criteria for identifying the structural failure of the pressurized cylinder was established based on coercivity measurements.
Genome Sequence of Environmental Isolate Staphylococcus aureus OS-6, Isolated from a Soil Sample
Authors: Singh Rajnish Prakash , Kumari Kiran
Published: May 2023

Staphylococcus aureus
is a major opportunistic pathogen that causes infections in various animals, including humans. Here, we report a genome sequence of an environmental isolate,
S. aureus
OS-6. The genome consists of a circular 2,808,665-bp chromosome with a G+C content of 32.7%.
Polysaccharide of Ganoderma lucidum Ameliorates Cachectic Myopathy Induced by the Combination Cisplatin plus Docetaxel in Mice
Authors: Wu Sung-Yu , Ou Chu-Chyn , Lee Meng-Lin , Hsin I-Lun , Kang Yu-Ting , Jan Ming-Shiou , Ko Jiunn-Liang
Published: May 2023

Cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome driven by metabolic dysregulation, anorexia, systemic inflammation, and insulin resistance. Approximately 80% of patients with advanced cancer have cachexia, and cachexia is the cause of death in 30% of cancer patients.
Basic Characterization of Natural Transformation in Avibacterium paragallinarum
Authors: Liu Donghui , Zhang Hao , Tan Huihui , Jin Yikun , Zhang Chengcheng , Bo Zongyi , Zhang Xiaorong , Guo Mengjiao , Wu Yantao
Published: May 2023

Natural transformation is an important mechanism for bacteria to acquire exogenous DNA molecules during the process of evolution. Additionally, it can also be used as a method to introduce foreign genes into bacteria under laboratory conditions.
Supplemental Material: Middle Miocene fire activity and C4 vegetation expansion in the Barstow Formation, California, USA
Authors: Loughney Katharine M. , al. et
Published: May 2023

Supplemental text including supplemental methods, Figure S1, Tables S1, S3, and S4, and a spreadsheet with Table S2. 
CAR T-cell detection scoping review: an essential biomarker in critical need of standardization
Authors: Turicek David P , Giordani Victoria M , Moraly Josquin , Taylor Naomi , Shah Nirali N
Published: May 2023

The expansion and persistence of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells in patients are associated with response, toxicity, and long-term efficacy. As such, the tools used to detect CAR T-cells following infusion are fundamental for optimizing this therapeutic approach. Nevertheless, despite the critical value of this essential biomarker, there is significant variability in CAR T-cell detection methods as well as the frequency and intervals of testing. Furthermore, heterogeneity in the reporting of quantitative data adds layers of complexity that limit intertrial and interconstruct comparisons. We sought to assess the heterogeneity of CAR T-cell expansion and persistence data in a scoping review using the PRISMA-ScR checklist. Focusing on 21 clinical trials from the USA, featuring a Food and Drug Administration-approved CAR T-cell construct or one of its predecessors, 105 manuscripts were screened and 60 were selected for analysis, based on the inclusion of CAR T-cell expansion and persistence data. Across the array of CAR T-cell constructs, flow cytometry and quantitative PCR were identified as the two primary techniques for detecting CAR T-cells. However, despite apparent uniformity in detection techniques, the specific methods used were highly variable. Detection time points and the number of evaluated time points also ranged markedly and quantitative data were often not reported. To evaluate whether subsequent manuscripts from a trial resolved these issues, we analyzed all subsequent manuscripts reporting on the 21 clinical trials, recording all expansion and persistence data. While additional detection techniques–including droplet digital PCR, NanoString, and single-cell RNA sequencing–were reported in follow-up publications, inconsistencies with respect to detection time points and frequency remained, with a significant amount of quantitative data still not readily available. Our findings highlight the critical need to establish universal standards for reporting on CAR T-cell detection, especially in early phase studies. The current reporting of non-interconvertible metrics and limited provision of quantitative data make cross-trial and cross-CAR T-cell construct comparisons extremely challenging. Establishing a standardized approach for collecting and reporting data is urgently needed and would represent a substantial advancement in the ability to improve outcomes for patients receiving CAR T-cell therapies.
A model for the return and referral of all clinically significant secondary findings of genomic sequencing
Authors: Kodida Rita , Reble Emma , Clausen Marc , Shickh Salma , Mighton Chloe , Sam Jordan , Forster Nicole , Panchal Seema , Aronson Melyssa , Semotiuk Kara , Graham Tracy , Silberman Yael , Randall Armel Susan , McCuaig Jeanna M , Cohn Iris , Morel Chantal F , Elser Christine , Eisen Andrea , Carroll June C , Glogowski Emily , Schrader Kasmintan A , Di Gioacchino Vanessa , Lerner-Ellis Jordan , Kim Raymond H , Bombard Yvonne
Published: May 2023

Secondary findings (SFs) identified through genomic sequencing (GS) can offer a wide range of health benefits to patients. Resource and capacity constraints pose a challenge to their clinical management; therefore, clinical workflows are needed to optimise the health benefits of SFs. In this paper, we describe a model we created for the return and referral of all clinically significant SFs, beyond medically actionable results, from GS. As part of a randomised controlled trial evaluating the outcomes and costs of disclosing all clinically significant SFs from GS, we consulted genetics and primary care experts to determine a feasible workflow to manage SFs. Consensus was sought to determine appropriate clinical recommendations for each category of SF and which clinician specialist would provide follow-up care. We developed a communication and referral plan for each category of SFs. This involved referrals to specialised clinics, such as an Adult Genetics clinic, for highly penetrant medically actionable findings. Common and non-urgent SFs, such as pharmacogenomics and carrier status results for non-family planning participants, were directed back to the family physician (FP). SF results and recommendations were communicated directly to participants to respect autonomy and to their FPs to support follow-up of SFs. We describe a model for the return and referral of all clinically significant SFs to facilitate the utility of GS and promote the health benefits of SFs. This may serve as a model for others returning GS results transitioning participants from research to clinical settings.
Investigation of $$(g-2)_{\mu }$$ anomaly in the $$\mu $$-specific 2HDM with vector like leptons and the phenomenological implications
Authors: Raju Md. , Mukherjee Abhi , Saha Jyoti Prasad
Published: May 2023

The anomalous magnetic moment of muons has been a long-standing problem in SM. The current deviation of experimental value of the $$(g-2)_{\mu }$$

(
g
-
2
)

μ

from the standard model prediction is exactly $$4.2\sigma $$

4.2
σ

. Two Higgs Doublet Models can accommodate this discrepancy but such type of model naturally generate flavor changing neutral current(FCNC). To prevent this it was postulated that 2HDM without FCNC required that all fermions of a given charge couple to the same Higgs boson but the rule breaks in Muon Specific Two Higgs Doublet Model where all fermions except muon couple to one Higgs doublet and muon with the other Higgs doublet. The muon specific 2HDM provides an explanation for muon anomaly for extremely large $$\tan \beta $$

tan
β

with a particular value of $$m_{12}^2$$

m

12

2

. As a result, the parameter space of $$m_{12}^2$$

m

12

2

drastically decreased for the muon anomaly solution. To evade the limitation of this model we have extended this model with a vector like lepton generation which could explain the muon anomaly at low $$\tan \beta $$

tan
β

value with a heavy pseudo scalar Higgs boson under the shadow of current experimental and theoretical constraints. Moreover, with the help of the cut based analysis and multivariate analysis methods, we have also attempted to shed some light on the potential experimental signature of vector lepton decay to the heavy Higgs boson in the LHC experiment. We have showed that a multivariate analysis can increase the vector like leptons signal significance even in the high VLL mass and low $$\tan \beta $$

tan
β

region than that of a cut based analysis.
Nonlinear dynamics of Kerr optical microresonators with spatially fluctuating loss
Authors: Dikandé Alain Moïse
Published: May 2023

Dissipative soliton crystals (the so-called soliton combs) form in Kerr microresonators as a result of the competition between the group-velocity dispersion and the Kerr nonlinearity on one hand, and the balance of cavity loss by an external pump on the other hand. In some physical contexts, the loss can fluctuate within the microresonator cavity, inducing a saturable-absorption process which impacts the dynamics of the optical field. In this study, dissipative soliton crystals are investigated in a Kerr optical microresonator with spatially fluctuating loss. The underlying mathematical model consists of a modified Lugiato–Lefever equation with a space-dependent loss, coupled to a rate equation for the fluctuating loss. Adopting an ansatz that describes the optical-field envelope as a complex function of real amplitude and real phase with a characteristic modulation frequency, the mathematical model is reduced to a set of first-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations which are solved numerically. Simulations suggest that when the homogeneous cavity loss is small enough, the impact of loss fluctuation on the soliton-comb profile is rather moderate. The effect of loss fluctuations becomes noticeable when the homogeneous loss is sizable, with the recovery time of the induced saturable-absorption process being reasonably long to promote a slow saturable absorption. An analysis of the influence of the detuning on the amplitude and phase of the dissipative soliton crystal, as well as on the spatial variation of the loss for a fixed value of the characteristic frequency, is taken into consideration in the study.
Nonlinear optical rectification of GaAs/GaAlAs quantum dot under tangent square potential
Authors: Ma Yongrui , Chang Ceng
Published: May 2023

We have investigated in detail the effects of the depth and range of the limiting potential, the quantum size parameter, temperature and hydrostatic pressure on the nonlinear optical rectification (NOR) coefficient in GaAs/GaAlAs parabolic quantum dots (QDs) with a tangent square potential. Firstly, we add the tangent-square potential of the system along the z-axis to the original parabolic QD, and then the corresponding Schrödinger equation of the modified system can be solved to find the analytical forms of different splitting energy levels and envelope wave functions. Finally, the analysis and conclusions of the numerical simulations indicate that the above parameters have significant effects on the nonlinear optical properties of the modified system.
Remembering Vaughan Jones
Authors: Lawrence Ruth
Published: May 2023

Personal reminiscences of meetings with Vaughan Jones.
On Chaplygin models in f(G) gravity
Authors: Twagirayezu Fidele , Ayirwanda Abraham , Munyeshyaka Albert , Mukeshimana Solange , Ntahompagaze Joseph , Uwimbabazi Leon Fidele Ruganzu
Published: May 2023

This work treats cosmological perturbation in a mixture of standard matter, Chaplygin gas as well as Gauss–Bonnet fluids using a 1+3 covariant approach in the context of modified [Formula: see text] gravity. We define the gradient variables to obtain linear perturbation equations. After scalar and redshift transformations, we consider both an original Chaplygin and generalized Chaplygin gas models under Gauss–Bonnet gravity. For pedagogical purposes, the consideration of polynomial [Formula: see text] gravity model was used to solve the perturbation equations for short- and long-wavelength modes and investigate the late-time evolution. The numerical solutions were obtained. The results show that the energy overdensity perturbations decay with an increase in redshift. The treatment recovers GR results under limiting cases.
ACCURATE FORMULAS OF HYPER-WIENER INDICES OF SIERPIŃSKI SKELETON NETWORKS
Authors: WANG QIN , ZENG QINGCHENG
Published: May 2023

The hyper-Wiener index on a graph is an important topological invariant that is defined as one half of the sum of the distances and square distances between all pairs of vertices of a graph. In this paper, we develop the discrete version of finite pattern to compute the accurate formulas of the hyper-Wiener indices of the Sierpiński skeleton networks.
A HIGHER-ORDER APPROACH FOR TIME-FRACTIONAL GENERALIZED BURGERS’ EQUATION
Authors: TANEJA KOMAL , DESWAL KOMAL , KUMAR DEVENDRA , BALEANU DUMITRU
Published: May 2023

A fast higher-order scheme is established for solving inhomogeneous time-fractional generalized Burgers’ equation. The time-fractional operator is taken as the modified operator with the Mittag-Leffler kernel. Through stability analysis, it has been demonstrated that the proposed numerical approach is unconditionally stable. The convergence of the numerical method is analyzed theoretically using von Neumann’s method. It has been proved that the proposed numerical method is fourth-order convergent in space and second-order convergent in time in the [Formula: see text]-norm. The scheme’s proficiency and effectiveness are examined through two numerical experiments to validate the theoretical estimates. The tabular and graphical representations of numerical results confirm the high accuracy and versatility of the scheme.
Effect of Graphene Reinforcement on Free Vibration and Material Properties of the FG-GPLRC Porous Cantilever Torsional Plate
Authors: Sun K. C. , Hao Y. X. , Zhang W. , Yang S. W. , Cao Y. T.
Published: May 2023

This paper researches the free vibrations and corresponding material parameters of a functional gradient graphene platelets-reinforced composite (FG-GPLRC) cantilever torsional plates with both pore and graphene variations in the transverse direction. Utilizing the feature of closed-cell cellular solids, the mixture rule, and the modified Halpin–Tsai model, the material parameters of the composite are determined for different volume fractions of component materials. Then, using the classical plate theory (CLPT), the Rayleigh–Ritz technique and polynomials, the dynamic equation that can be used to obtain the free vibration mode shapes and frequencies of the rotating cantilever torsional plate is given. Comparison studies with the previous calculation results from available literature and the finite element (FE) models of cantilever plates are conducted, and the correctness of the present theoretical formulation and numerical calculation is verified. Finally, the effects of graphene platelet (GPL) distribution, porosity distribution (PD), GPL content, rotational speed, and average geometric size of GPL on free vibrations of the system are studied in depth.
The non-uniqueness of admissible solutions to 2D Riemann problem of compressible isentropic Euler system with maximum density constraint
Authors: Hua Jiale , Xia Lirong
Published: May 2023

We investigate the uniqueness of entropy solution to 2D Riemann problem of compressible isentropic Euler system with maximum density constraint. The constraint is imposed with a singular pressure. Given initial data for which the standard self-similar solution consists of one shock or one shock and one rarefaction wave, it turns out that there exist infinitely many admissible weak solutions. This extends the result of Markfelder and Klingenberg in [S. Markfelder and C. Klingenberg, The Riemann problem for the multidimensional isentropic system of gas dynamics is ill-posed if it contains a shock, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 227(3) (2018) 967–994] for classical Euler system to the case with maximum density constraint. Also some estimates on the density of these solutions are given to describe the behavior of solutions near congestion.
Blowup and non-global existence of smooth solutions to the one-dimensional Euler–Boltzmann equations
Authors: Dong Jianwei , Meng Yingjie
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we study the blowup and non-global existence of smooth solutions to the one-dimensional Euler–Boltzmann equations of radiation hydrodynamics. First, we improve the blowup result in [P. Jiang and Y. G. Wang, Initial-boundary value problems and formation of singularities for one-dimensional non-relativistic radiation hydrodynamic equations, J. Hyperbolic Differential Equations 9 (2012) 711–738] on the half line [Formula: see text] for large initial data by removing a restrict condition. Next, we obtain a new blowup result on the half line [Formula: see text] by introducing a new momentum weight. Finally, we present two non-global existence results for the smooth solutions to the one-dimensional Euler–Boltzmann equations with vacuum on the interval [Formula: see text] by introducing some new average quantities.
Solutions of kinetic equations related to non-local conservation laws
Authors: Berthelin Florent
Published: May 2023

Conservation laws are well known to be a crucial part of modeling. Considering such models with the inclusion of non-local flows is becoming increasingly important in many models. On the other hand, kinetic equations provide interesting theoretical results and numerical schemes for the usual conservation laws. Therefore, studying kinetic equations associated to conservation laws for non-local flows naturally arises and is very important. The aim of this paper is to propose kinetic models associated to conservation laws with a non-local flux in dimension [Formula: see text] and to prove the existence of solutions for these kinetic equations. This is the very first result of this kind. In order for the paper to be as general as possible, we have highlighted the properties that a kinetic model must verify in order that the present study applies. Thus, the result can be applied to various situations. We present two sets of properties on a kinetic model and two different techniques to obtain an existence result. Finally, we present two examples of kinetic model for which our results apply, one for each set of properties.
L2-blowup estimates of the wave equation and its application to local energy decay
Authors: Ikehata Ryo
Published: May 2023

We consider the Cauchy problems in [Formula: see text] for the wave equation with a weighted [Formula: see text]-initial data. We derive sharp infinite time blowup estimates of the [Formula: see text]-norm of solutions in the case of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Then, we apply it to the local energy decay estimates for [Formula: see text], which is not studied so completely when the [Formula: see text]th moment of the initial velocity does not vanish. The idea to derive them is strongly inspired from a technique used in [R. Ikehata, Asymptotic profiles for wave equations with strong damping, J. Differ. Equ. 257 (2014) 2159–2177; R. Ikehata and M. Onodera, Remarks on large time behavior of the [Formula: see text]-norm of solutions to strongly damped wave equations, Differ. Integral Equ. 30 (2017) 505–520].
Deep Learning-assisted Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) Screening
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Patel Het , Paul Kolin , Azad Shorya
Published: May 2023

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of blindness in premature infants worldwide, particularly in developing countries. In this research, we propose a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) and image processing-based approach for the automatic detection of retinal features, including the optical disc (OD) and retinal blood vessels (BV), as well as disease classification using a rule-based method for ROP patients. Our DCNN model uses YOLO-v5 for OD detection and either Pix2Pix or a U-Net for BV segmentation.

We trained our DCNN models on publicly available fundus image datasets of size 1,117 and 288 for OD detection and BV segmentation, respectively. We evaluated our approach on a dataset of 439 preterm neonatal retinal images, testing for ROP Zone and 6 BV masks. Our proposed system achieved excellent results, with the OD detection module achieving an overall accuracy of 98.94% (when IoU 0.5) and the BV segmentation module achieving an accuracy of 96.69% and a Dice coefficient between 0.60 and 0.64. Moreover, our system accurately diagnosed ROP in Zone-1 with 88.23% accuracy. Our approach offers a promising solution for accurate ROP screening and diagnosis, particularly in low-resource settings, where it has the potential to improve healthcare outcomes.
Protean: Adaptive Hardware-Accelerated Intermittent Computing
Authors: Bakar Abu , Goel Rishabh , de Winkel Jasper , Huang Jason , Ahmed Saad , Islam Bashima , Pawelczak Przemyslaw , Yildirim Kasim Sinan , Hester Josiah
Published: May 2023

Today's smart devices have short battery lifetimes, high installation and maintenance costs, and rapid obsolescence - all leading to the explosion of electronic waste in the past two decades. These problems will worsen as the number of connected devices grows to one trillion by 2035. Energy harvesting, battery-free devices offer an alternative. Getting rid of the battery reduces e-waste, promises long lifetimes, and enables deployment in new applications and environments. Unfortunately, developing sophisticated inference-capable applications is still challenging. The lack of platform support for advanced (32-bit) microprocessors and specialized accelerators, which can execute dataintensive machine-learning tasks, has held back batteryless devices.
Different sensitivity to diet-induced hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia between mice with global or bone marrow-specific apoE receptor-2 deficiency
Authors: Wolfkiel Patrick R. , Haller April M. , Kirby Jillian , Jaeschke Anja , Hui David Y.
Published: May 2023

This study explored the role of apoE receptor-2 (apoER2), a unique member of the LDL receptor family proteins with a restricted tissue expression profile, in modulating diet-induced obesity and diabetes. Unlike wild type mice and humans in which chronic feeding of a high fat Western type diet leads to obesity and the pre-diabetic state of hyperinsulinemia prior to hyperglycemia onset, the Lrp8-/- mice with global apoER2 deficiency displayed lower body weight and adiposity, slower development of hyperinsulinemia, but accelerated onset of hyperglycemia. Despite their lower adiposity, adipose tissues in Western diet-fed Lrp8-/- mice were more inflamed compared to wild type mice. Additional experiments revealed that the hyperglycemia observed in Western diet-fed Lrp8-/- mice was due to impaired glucose-induced insulin secretion, ultimately leading to hyperglycemia, adipocyte dysfunction, and inflammation upon chronic feeding of the Western diet. Interestingly, bone marrow-specific apoER2 deficient mice were not defective in insulin secretion, exhibiting increased adiposity and hyperinsulinemia compared to wild type mice. Analysis of bone marrow-derived macrophages revealed that apoER2 deficiency impeded inflammation resolution with lower secretion of IFN-β and IL-10 in response to LPS stimulation of IL-4 primed cells. The apoER2-deficient macrophages also showed increased level of disabled-2 (Dab-2) as well as increased cell surface TLR4, suggesting that apoER2 participates in Dab-2 regulation of TLR4 signaling. Taken together, these results showed that apoER2 deficiency in macrophages sustains diet-induced tissue inflammation and accelerates obesity and diabetes onset while apoER2 deficiency in other cell types contributes to hyperglycemia and inflammation via defective insulin secretion.