bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation of Polymer Walls through the Phase Separation of a Liquid Crystal Mixture Induced by a Spatial Elastic Energy Difference
Authors: Choi Tae-Hoon , Do Su-Min , Jeon Byoung-Gyu , Shin Sung Tae , Yoon Tae-Hoon
Published: July 2019

We propose a method to form polymer walls without the use of a photomask in a liquid crystal (LC) cell by phase separation of an LC mixture induced by a spatial elastic energy difference. When an in-plane electric field is applied to a vertically aligned cell filled with a mixture of LC and a reactive monomer (RM), a high spatial elastic energy is induced along the direction perpendicular to the interdigitated electrodes. RMs move to the boundaries where the elastic energy is very high and an in-plane component of the applied electric field exists, which results in the phase separation of the LC/RM mixture. We have shown that we can form polymer walls by applying ultraviolet light irradiation to the LC cell. These polymer walls can function as alignment layers. We observed morphological patterns of the polymer structure through polarized optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The polymer walls formed in an LC cell can affect the orientation of LCs in the lateral direction. Bistable switching of a polymer-walled cell could be achieved by using three-terminal electrodes where both vertical and in-plane electric fields can be applied. Vertical anchoring with the alignment layer on each substrate allows LC molecules to remain vertically aligned after removal of the applied vertical electric field. Furthermore, in-plane anchoring with the formed polymer walls allows the LC molecules to remain homogeneously aligned after removal of the applied in-plane electric field. The proposed method for the formation of polymer structures could be a useful tool to fabricate LC cells for various applications. As a bistable phase-grating device, the diffraction efficiency of a polymer-walled cell was comparable to that of a pure-LC cell. Its operating voltage was 44% lower than that of a pure-LC cell owing to in-plane anchoring provided by the polymer walls. Moreover, it can be operated with very low power because it does not require power to maintain the state. In addition, the total response time of a polymer-walled cell was approximately 68% shorter than that of a pure-LC cell because all switching was forcibly controlled by applying an electric field.
Meta-mining of copy number profiles of high-risk neuroblastoma tumors
Authors: Depuydt Pauline , Koster Jan , Boeva Valentina , Hocking Toby D. , Speleman Frank , Schleiermacher Gudrun , De Preter Katleen
Published: July 2019

Neuroblastoma, a pediatric tumor of the sympathetic nervous system, is predominantly driven by copy number aberrations, which predict survival outcome in global neuroblastoma cohorts and in low-risk cases. For high-risk patients there is still a need for better prognostic biomarkers. Via an international collaboration, we collected copy number profiles of 556 high-risk neuroblastomas generated on different array platforms. This manuscript describes the composition of the dataset, the methods used to process the data, including segmentation and aberration calling, and data validation. t-SNE analysis shows that samples cluster according to MYCN status, and shows a difference between array platforms. 97.3% of samples are characterized by the presence of segmental aberrations, in regions frequently affected in neuroblastoma. Focal aberrations affect genes known to be involved in neuroblastoma, such as ALK and LIN28B. To conclude, we compiled a unique large copy number dataset of high-risk neuroblastoma tumors, available via R2 and a Shiny web application. The availability of patient survival data allows to further investigate the prognostic value of copy number aberrations.
A high-specificity immunoassay for the therapeutic drug monitoring of cyclophosphamide
Authors: Broto Marta , McCabe Rita , Galve Roger , Marco M.-Pilar
Published: July 2019

Personalized medicine is pushing forward new diagnostic techniques to aid in controlling drug therapeutic levels and their toxic effects.
Synthesis of surface imprinted core–shell nanospheres for the selective determination of asparaginase
Authors: Wagdy Hebatallah A. , Dinc Mehmet , Mizaikoff Boris
Published: July 2019

Synthesis of surface-imprinted core–shell nanospheres for the selective extraction of asparaginase for the first time. It showed excellent selectivity and high mass transfer and could be applied in drug delivery or food treatment to reduce acrylamide.
Direct analysis in real time (DART) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) transmission mode (TM): a suitable platform for analysis of prohibited substances in small volumes
Authors: Vasiljevic Tijana , Pawliszyn Janusz
Published: July 2019

In this research, SPME-TM meshes are used for droplet analysis of 15 and 25 μL of oral fluid and blood via DART-MS/MS.
A differential extended gate-AlGaN/GaN HEMT sensor for real-time detection of ionic pollutants
Authors: Zhao Lei , Liu Xinsheng , Miao Bin , Gu Zhiqi , Wang Jin , Peng HuoXiang , Zhang Jian , Zeng Bin , Li Jiadong
Published: July 2019

In this study, we propose a differential extended gate (DEG)-AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) sensor to detect ionic pollutants in solution.
Self-adjusting antibacterial properties of Ag-incorporated nanotubes on micro-nanostructured Ti surfaces
Authors: Li Baoe , Ma Jianwei , Wang Donghui , Liu Xuanyong , Li Haipeng , Zhou Linxi , Liang Chunyong , Wang Hongshui
Published: July 2019

The bactericidal activity of a silver loading platform in the “release” mode during the early phase and “contact” mode thereafter.
Structure–activity–distribution relationship study of anti-cancer antimycin-type depsipeptides
Authors: Seidel Jeremy , Miao Yupeng , Porterfield William , Cai Wenlong , Zhu Xuejun , Kim Seong-Jong , Hu Fanghao , Bhattarai-Kline Santi , Min Wei , Zhang Wenjun
Published: July 2019

A structure–activity–distribution relationship study of antimycin-type depsipeptides is demonstrated with bioorthogonal Raman microscopy.
Porphyrin cage compounds based on glycoluril – from enzyme mimics to functional molecular machines
Authors: Elemans Johannes A. A. W. , Nolte Roeland J. M.
Published: July 2019

This Feature Article gives an overview of the application of glycoluril-based porphyrin cage compounds in host–guest chemistry, allosterically controlled self-assembly, biomimetic catalysis, and polymer encoding.
Magnetic precession modes with enhanced frequency and intensity in hard/NM/soft perpendicular magnetic films
Authors: Wu Guanjie , Zhu Weihua , Zhu Zhendong , Xue Hongwei , Ren Yang , Liu Yaowen , Jin Q. Y. , Zhang Zongzhi
Published: July 2019

Magnetic precession with enhanced frequency and amplitude is achieved by controlling tCu and N in perpendicular [Pd/Co]5/Cu(tCu)/[Co/Ni]N films.
Unveiling chemical reactivity and oxidation of 1T-phased group VI disulfides
Authors: Li Qiang , Shi Li , Wu Ruchun , Lin Chongyi , Bai Xiaowan , Ouyang Yixin , Baraiya Bhumi A. , Jha Prafulla K. , Wang Jinlan
Published: July 2019

The oxidation mechanisms of 1T-phased group VIB disulfides are investigated, and the effects of surface vacancies and edges are emphasized.
Singlet oxygen from cation driven superoxide disproportionation and consequences for aprotic metal–O2 batteries
Authors: Mourad Eléonore , Petit Yann K. , Spezia Riccardo , Samojlov Aleksej , Summa Francesco F. , Prehal Christian , Leypold Christian , Mahne Nika , Slugovc Christian , Fontaine Olivier , Brutti Sergio , Freunberger Stefan A.
Published: July 2019

Disproportionation of superoxide to peroxide and O2 generates the highly reactive singlet O2, which needs to be avoided for highly reversible metal–O2 batteries.
Atomically dispersed metal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction: synthesis, characterization, reaction mechanisms and electrochemical energy applications
Authors: Liu Minmin , Wang Linlin , Zhao Kangning , Shi Shanshan , Shao Qinsi , Zhang Lei , Sun Xueliang , Zhao Yufeng , Zhang Jiujun
Published: July 2019

Atomically dispersed metal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction, including their synthesis, characterization, reaction mechanisms and electrochemical energy application, are reviewed.
Effects of zinc orthophosphate on the antibiotic resistant bacterial community of a source water used for drinking water treatment
Authors: Kappell Anthony D. , Harrison Katherine R. , McNamara Patrick J.
Published: July 2019

The presence of zinc, and not orthophosphate, was the selective pressure for antibiotic resistance.
Editorial Perspectives: bringing the energy–water nexus home to promote conservation and efficiency
Authors: Stillwell Ashlynn S.
Published: July 2019

Ashlynn Stillwell considers water and energy efficiency in the home in this ‘Editorial Perspective’ for Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology.
Starch digestion kinetics of extruded reformed rice is changed in different ways with added protein or fiber
Authors: Na-Nakorn Kuenchan , Kulrattanarak Thanawit , Hamaker Bruce R. , Tongta Sunanta
Published: July 2019

Extruded rice with added 20% soy protein isolate or corn bran showed two-phase [(k1/k2) high/low, low/high] kinetic patterns.
A single-enzyme system for starch digestibility screening and its relevance to understanding and predicting the glycaemic index of food products
Authors: Edwards Cathrina H. , Cochetel Noriane , Setterfield Lauren , Perez-Moral Natalia , Warren Frederick J.
Published: July 2019

Starch digestibility screening of food products provides reasonable insight into their glycaemic index.
Highly selective conversion of glyceric acid to 3-iodopropionic acid by hydriodic acid mediated hydrogenation
Authors: Li Teng , Liu Shengqin , Wang Bing , Long Jingen , Jiang Jun , Jin Ping , Fu Yao , Yu Haizhu , Yang Weiran
Published: July 2019

Glyceric acid was reduced selectively to 3-iodopropionic acid at 373 K by hydroiodic acid mediated rhodium and hydrogen.
An integrated microfluidic system for antimicrobial susceptibility testing with antibiotic combination
Authors: Lee Wen-Bin , Chien Chun-Chih , You Huey-Ling , Kuo Feng-Chih , Lee Mel S. , Lee Gwo-Bin
Published: July 2019

An integrated microfluidic system capable of automating antimicrobial susceptibility testing against clinical bacteria was developed. Accurate minimum and fractional inhibitory concentrations were determined via a colorimetric assay on-chip.
Reduced sialyl-Lewisxon salivary MUC7 from patients with burning mouth syndrome
Authors: Acharya Shikha , Jin Chunsheng , Bylund Johan , Shen Qiujin , Kamali-Moghaddam Masood , Jontell Mats , Carlén Anette , Karlsson Niclas G.
Published: July 2019

We analyse and compare MUC7O-glycosylation and inflammatory biomarkers in saliva from female patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and gender/age-matched controls.
Kinetics of electric field induced vertical orientation of halloysite nanotubes in photocurable nanocomposites
Authors: Pan Shuyang , Guo Yuanhao , Chen Yuwei , Cakmak Miko
Published: July 2019

External electric field induced anisotropic halloysite photocurable nanocomposites.
Nonsolvent induced reconfigurable bonding configurations of ligands in nanoparticle purification
Authors: Zhang Jun , Tian Falin , Zhang Min , Li Tiefeng , Kong Xueqian , Zhou Yunlong , Kotov Nicholas A.
Published: July 2019

The geometry of the organic ligands on colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) is central for understanding the self-assembly behavior and many properties of NP-based soft matter.
Enhanced visible light photocatalytic performance of a novel heterostructured Bi4Ti3O12/BiOBr photocatalyst
Authors: Shen Guodong , Pu Yongping , Sun Runjun , Shi Yu , Cui Yongfei , Jing Panpan
Published: July 2019

A class of novel Bi4Ti3O12/BiOBr p–n heterojunction photocatalysts were successfully fabricated for the first time.
A reversible fluoride chemosensor for the development of multi-input molecular logic gates
Authors: Bhat Mahesh P. , Kigga Madhuprasad , Govindappa Harshith , Patil Pravin , Jung Ho-Young , Yu Jingxian , Kurkuri Mahaveer
Published: July 2019

A reversible chemosensor for the development of a multi-input molecular logic gate was shown.
Thermoreversible magnetic nanochains
Authors: Mikšátko Jiří , Aurélio David , Kovaříček Petr , Michlová Magdalena , Veverka Miroslav , Fridrichová Michaela , Matulková Irena , Žáček Martin , Kalbáč Martin , Vejpravová Jana
Published: July 2019

Magnetic field-assisted assembly of nanoparticles into covalently linked nanochains via Diels–Alder reaction.
A labyrinth-like network electrode design for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Tang Wenwen , Zhang Youquan , Zhong Wei , Aslam Muhammad Kashif , Guo Bingshu , Bao Shu-Juan , Xu Maowen
Published: July 2019

A 3D labyrinth-like electrode design to tackle the dissolution of polysulfides into the electrolyte and the large volume expansion of sulphur in Li–S batteries.
An unprecedented oxidised julolidine-BODIPY conjugate and its application in real-time ratiometric fluorescence sensing of sulfite
Authors: Sirbu D. , Zeng L. , Waddell P. G. , Benniston A. C.
Published: July 2019

Reaction of a julolidine-based BODIPY compound with silver(i) ions in the presence of white light produced the oxidised julolidine version (OXJUL) containing a quaternary nitrogen.
Bio-inspired enantioselective total syntheses of (−)-viminalins A, B, H, I, and N and structural reassignment of (−)-viminalin M
Authors: Dethe Dattatraya H. , Nirpal Appasaheb K.
Published: July 2019

Bio-inspired enantioselective total syntheses of (−)-viminalins A, B, H, I, and N, isolated from the Myrtaceae family, were accomplished in a convergent fashion in 5, 5, 1, 1, and 3 steps, respectively.
The effect of irregularity from asymmetric random π-conjugated polymers on the photovoltaic performance of fullerene-free organic solar cells
Authors: Aryal Um Kanta , Lee Junwoo , Kranthiraja Kakaraparthi , Reddy Saripally Sudhaker , Sree Vijaya Gopalan , Park Taiho , Song Myungkwan , Jin Sung-Ho
Published: July 2019

We synthesized a new random π-conjugated polymer (asy-PBDTPBT) and investigated the effect of its structural irregularity. The efficiency of non-fullerene OSCs was enhanced, showing the suppressed crystallinity and the smaller domain size.
Controllable synthesis of mussel-inspired catechol-formaldehyde resin microspheres and their silver-based nanohybrids for catalytic and antibacterial applications
Authors: Yang Yu , Ji Haixun , Duan Haichao , Fu Yuqin , Xia Siwen , Lü Changli
Published: July 2019

Size-controlled CFR microspheres and their silver-based nanohybrids were constructed and the nanohybrids display high catalytic reduction activity and antibacterial properties.
Morphology control of α-Fe2O3 towards super electrochemistry performance
Authors: Zhang Ruili , Liu Debao , Yang Ping
Published: July 2019

α-Fe2O3 with various morphologies including spindle, rod, tube, disk, and ring were synthesized through controlling the H2PO4− etching process.
Impurity removal with highly selective and efficient methods and the recycling of transition metals from spent lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Peng Fangwei , Mu Deying , Li Ruhong , Liu Yuanlong , Ji Yuanpeng , Dai Changsong , Ding Fei
Published: July 2019

A strategy for metal purification and recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries is demonstrated by taking advantage of precipitation, electrodeposition and solvent extraction.
Structure and excitation-dependent emission of novel zinc complexes with pyridyltriazoles
Authors: Gusev Alexey , Braga Elena , Zamnius Ekaterina , Kiskin Mikhail , Kryukova Mariya , Baryshnikova Alina , Minaev Boris , Baryshnikov Gleb , Ågren Hans , Linert Wolfgang
Published: July 2019

A series of Zn(ii) complexes with 5-(4-R-phenyl)-3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazoles have been synthesized and subsequently characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction,1H-NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, elemental analyses, ESI-MS, and PXRD.
Flexible carbon nanotube Schottky diode and its integrated circuit applications
Authors: Lee Yongwoo , Jung Haesun , Choi Bongsik , Yoon Jinsu , Yoo Han Bin , Kim Hyo-Jin , Park Geon-Hwi , Kim Dong Myong , Kim Dae Hwan , Kang Min-Ho , Choi Sung-Jin
Published: July 2019

We demonstrate a flexible Schottky diode based on highly purified, preseparated, 99% semiconducting carbon nanotubes and an integrated circuit application using the diodes.
The secondary metabolites of rare actinomycetes: chemistry and bioactivity
Authors: Ding Ting , Yang Luo-Jie , Zhang Wei-Dong , Shen Yun-Heng
Published: July 2019

A detailed introduction to the structures and bioactivities of secondary metabolites from rare actinomycetes is made.
A cascade reaction-based switch-on fluorescent sensor for Ce(iv) ions in real samples
Authors: Lai Xiaojing , Wang Ruixiang , Li Jinhui , Qiu Guanyinsheng , Liu Jin-Biao
Published: July 2019

A cascade reaction-based switch-on fluorescent sensor for Ce(iv) ions in river water and soil samples is presented.
Efficient removal of crystal violet dye using EDTA/graphene oxide functionalized corncob: a novel low cost adsorbent
Authors: Wang Huan , Lai Xin , Zhao Wei , Chen Youning , Yang Xiaoling , Meng Xiaohua , Li Yuhong
Published: July 2019

In this study, crystal violet dyes were adsorbed by EDTA functionalized corncob (EDTA-corncob) and EDTA/graphene oxide functionalized corncob (EDTA-GO/corncob), which were prepared using disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and the graphene oxide immersion method.
Green synthesis of Au decorated CoFe2O4 nanoparticles for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol and dimethylphenylsilane oxidation
Authors: Saire-Saire Samuel , Barbosa Eduardo C. M. , Garcia Daniel , Andrade Leandro H. , Garcia-Segura Sergi , Camargo Pedro H. C. , Alarcon Hugo
Published: July 2019

We present a cleaner chemical synthesis process of a magnetic recoverable Au/CoFe2O4 hybrid nanocomposite catalyst that has remarkable activity in catalytic reduction and oxidation, improved by surface plasmon resonance.
Increased expression of core-fucosylated glycans in human lung squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ma Tianran , Wang Yan , Jia Liyuan , Shu Jian , Yu Hanjie , Du Haoqi , Yang Jiajun , Liang Yiqian , Chen Mingwei , Li Zheng
Published: July 2019

The expression level of fucosylated and core fucosylatedN-linked glycans increased in lung squamous cell carcinoma tissues.
Synthesis of upper rim-double-bridged calix[4]arenes bearing seven membered rings and related compounds
Authors: Tlustý M. , Eigner V. , Babor M. , Kohout M. , Lhoták P.
Published: July 2019

Calix[4]arenes bearing one or two bridges on the upper rim were prepared as novel inherently chiral derivatives potentially capable of chiral recognition.
Selective Cu(ii) sensing by a versatile AIE cyanostilbene-based gel system
Authors: Ma Yao , Cametti Massimo , Džolić Zoran , Jiang Shimei
Published: July 2019

Pyridyl-oxalamido-cyanostilbene 1 is a versatile ambidextrous gelator forming organo-, hydro-, and Cu(ii) specific metallogels. A rare organogel-to-metallogel transformation was also observed upon exposure of 1-DMSO/H2O gel to aqueous Cu(ii).
Hunting for advanced high-energy-density materials with well-balanced energy and safety through an energetic host–guest inclusion strategy
Authors: Wang Yi , Song Siwei , Huang Chuan , Qi Xiujuan , Wang Kangcai , Liu Yuji , Zhang Qinghua
Published: July 2019

A versatile host–guest driven explosive-oxidant inclusion strategy was proposed to develop advanced high-energy-density materials (HEDMs) with high detonation performances, low mechanical sensitivities and excellent combustion properties.
Acid-stimulated bioassembly of high-performance quantum dots in Escherichia coli
Authors: Tian Li-Jiao , Li Wen-Wei , Zhu Ting-Ting , Zhao Guo-Hua , Liu Xian-Wei , Dong Jun-Cai , An Peng-Fei , Ma Jing-Yuan , Shen Fang , Qian Chen , Hu Bing , Yu Han-Qing
Published: July 2019

Acidic pH stimulated bio-assembly of CdSxSe1−x Bio-QDs which showed good performance for non-destructive bioimaging of zebrafish.
Early‐stage microfluidic network design framework using graph sparsificiation based optimisation
Authors: Dong Shunjie , Ji Weiqing , Yao Hailong , Zhuo Cheng
Published: July 2019

Microfluidics has emerged as an effective technology for miniaturised manipulation and biochemical analysis. Recently, several physical design solutions for functional microfluidic chips have been presented. However, the commonly designed grid structure happens to be redundant with unnecessary channels, causing significant waste of expensive sample fluid. In this work, the authors propose an early stage microfluidic network design framework to sparsify the network topology and optimise network area overhead. Simulation results show that the proposed framework can generate the network to meet design constraints and reduce design overhead by almost 79.2% compared with prior works.
Dynamic platoon dispersion model based on real‐time link travel time
Authors: Yao Zhihong , Xu Taorang , Cheng Yang , Qin Lingqiao , Jiang Yangsheng , Ran Bin
Published: July 2019

Adaptive signal control system aims to improve the operation efficiency of intersections, in which the platoon dispersion model is one of the key component modules. The problem of the traditional Robertson's model is that they are based on historical data, which cannot effectively capture the dynamic characteristics of traffic flow and be further applied to adaptive signal control systems. Thanks to the unprecedented availability of real‐time travel time data provided by the modern intelligent transportation systems, there is an opportunity to calibrate Robertson's model online using real‐time travel time data. This study proposes a dynamic Robertson's platoon dispersion model based on real‐time travel times. Then, based on field observations, the prediction error and computational efficiency of the traditional Robertson's model, the Gaussian model, and the proposed model are compared and analysed. The results show that the proposed model can better capture the law of dynamic dispersion for traffic flow. The reduced average mean square error of prediction can be as much as 16.86 and 7.07% compared with the traditional Robertson's model and the Gaussian model, respectively. In addition, the average computational time of the proposed model is 0.46 s, which can be applied in the dynamic predictive signal control systems.
Deep learning‐based hybrid model for short‐term subway passenger flow prediction using automatic fare collection data
Authors: Jia Feifan , Li Haiying , Jiang Xi , Xu Xinyue
Published: July 2019

Short‐term passenger flow prediction is one key prerequisite of decision making in daily operations. Subway operators concentrate on both the efficiency of the prediction model and the accuracy of the prediction results. In this study, the authors explore a deep learning‐based hybrid model, which integrates a long–short‐term memory neural network (LSTM NN) and stacked auto‐encoders (SAEs), for predicting short‐term passenger flows of each station in a subway network simultaneously. SAEs are employed to extract network passenger flow data features, which involves mapping high‐dimensionality data to low‐dimensionality data at the first stage. Then, LSTM NN is trained using low‐dimensionality data. Finally, SAEs restore the predicted data output by LSTM NN to predict the network passenger flow data. By employing automatic fare collection data of the Guangzhou subway, the proposed hybrid model was evaluated. The experimental results show that the average mean relative error of the proposed hybrid model is 4.6%, which is much better than other current prediction models.
E2 MR: energy‐efficient multipath routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks
Authors: Khalid Muhammad , Ahmad Farah , Arshad Muhammad , Khalid Waqar , Ahmad Naveed , Cao Yue
Published: July 2019

Exploration of underwater resources, oceanographic data collection, tactical surveillance and natural disaster prevention are some of the areas of Underwater Wireless Sensor Network(UWSN) applications. UWSN is different from traditional wireless sensor network. The later uses radio waves for communication between sensors while the former uses acoustic waves for data transmission. Communication through UWSN is more challenging because of the many challenges associated with acoustic channels such as low bandwidth, high transmission delay, usual path loss and intermittent connectivity. In UWSN, some algorithms were introduced to enhance the lifetime of networks, by using a smaller battery and other for critical data transmission. However, data packets flooding, path loss and low network lifetime are few challenges with immediate attention. This study proposes a novel routing scheme referred to as the energy‐efficient multipath routing (E2 MR) for UWSN, which is basically designed for long‐term monitoring with higher energy efficiency and delivery ratio. The E2 MR establishes a priority table, and the forward nodes are selected based on that priority table. Different experiments are carried out by simulating E2 MR and compared with Depth‐Based Routing (DBR), EEDBR and H2‐DAB with respect to the number of live nodes, end‐to‐end delay, packet delivery ratio and total energy consumption.
Cross‐correlation codeless processing of BOC modulated signals
Authors: Borio Daniele
Published: July 2019

Encrypted global navigation satellite system signals (GNSS) can be tracked using codeless techniques that do not require the knowledge of the spreading code used for signal generation. These techniques can also be applied to binary offset carrier (BOC) modulated signals whose unknown code sequence can be removed through squaring. In this study, an alternative codeless approach based on the cross‐correlation principle is considered. Cross‐correlation codeless processing is commonly used for tracking signal components on different frequencies, such as the global positioning system (GPS) L1 and L2 P(Y) signals, and it is adapted here to BOC modulations broadcast on a single frequency. A cross‐correlation codeless framework is proposed where the BOC signal is split into two data streams that are cross‐multiplied to remove the unknown code sequence. Two architectures, open‐loop and closed‐loop processing, are proposed and analysed. The codeless cross‐correlation function is introduced and open‐loop processing is used to reconstruct it from the received samples. Closed‐loop processing based on cross‐correlation phase lock loop (PLL) and delay lock loop (DLL) are used to estimate the signal parameters. The proposed cross‐correlation framework is thoroughly analysed theoretically, through simulations and using real data. The analysis shows the effectiveness of the cross‐correlation framework.
Generalised ambiguity function analysis of distributed MIMO synthetic aperture radar
Authors: Hu Cheng , Chen Zhiyang , Dong Xichao , Cui Chang , Li Yuanhao
Published: July 2019

The abundant space, time, frequency and code resources of distributed multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) enables it to bring various applications. The generalised ambiguity function (GAF) of distributed MIMO SAR is analysed. By equating the bistatic SAR to equivalent phase centre (EPC), the GAF can be expressed as sum of that of mostatic SAR. The influence of EPC's position on GAF is analysed, including its effects on amplitude items in range direction, in azimuth direction and phase item, and the boundary conditions of formation scale within which the envelope items are not affected are deduced. Furthermore, the phase in GAF is expressed as linear combinations of EPC position related to formation centre. The simulation results verify the negligibility of formation scale and show that the linear combination expression is accurate enough to evaluate the resolution.
SAR ATR with full‐angle data augmentation and feature polymerisation
Authors: Zhai Yikui , Ma Hui , Liu Jian , Deng Wenbo , Shang Lijuan , Sun Bing , Jiang Ziyi , Guan Huixin , Zhi Yihang , Wu Xi , Zhou Jihua
Published: July 2019

Utilising neural networks to learn and extract valuable features has achieved satisfactory performance for synthetic aperture radar automatic target recognition (SAR ATR). However, such target recognition capability could be seriously limited by severe image rotation. To greatly improve the performance of convolutional neural networks‐based SAR ATR, a data augmentation method combining region of interest (ROI) extraction and full‐angle rotation method is firstly proposed in this study. Then, an inception‐SAR NET is presented to polymerise multi‐branch feature maps. The superior performance of inception‐SAR NET structures is obtained by comprehensive experiments. Finally, the results based on MSTAR dataset demonstrate that authors’ methods could achieve the most advanced performance.
Improved range model based on parameter estimation for high resolution and high squint LEO SAR
Authors: Gu Tong , Liao Gui Sheng , Yang Zhi Wei , Guo Yi Fan
Published: July 2019

Due to the curve of the LEO synthetic aperture radar (SAR) orbit and the rotation of the earth, the high resolution imaging for LEO SAR is always facing the problem of obtaining accurate range history. Meanwhile, with the increase of squint angle, it will take longer azimuth time to meet the same high resolution. In this paper, an improved hyperbolic range equation (IHRE) is presented to model the accurate range history for high squint LEO SAR. First, the state vectors of satellite are used to estimate the Doppler parameters. Then, the improved hyperbolic range equation is recovered based on the estimation of the Doppler parameters. Compared with other existing methods, the superiority of IHRE is more precise in the condition of high squint LEO SAR which can provide sufficient azimuth time for high resolution imaging. The simulation and analysis validate the precision of the proposed range history model.
IMEM2: a meteoroid environment model for the inner solar system
Authors: Soja R. H. , Grün E. , Strub P. , Sommer M. , Millinger M. , Vaubaillon J. , Alius W. , Camodeca G. , Hein F. , Laskar J. , Gastineau M. , Fienga A. , Schwarzkopf G. J. , Herzog J. , Gutsche K. , Skuppin N. , Srama R.
Published: July 2019

Context.The interplanetary dust complex is currently understood to be largely the result of dust production from Jupiter-family comets, with contributions also from longer-period comets (Halley- and Oort-type) and collisionally produced asteroidal dust.

Aims.Here we develop a dynamical model of the interplanetary dust cloud from these source populations in order to develop a risk and hazard assessment tool for interplanetary meteoroids in the inner solar system.

Methods.The long-duration (1 Myr) integrations of dust grains from Jupiter-family and Halley-type comets and main belt asteroids were used to generate simulated distributions that were compared to COBE infrared data, meteor data, and the diameter distribution of lunar microcraters. This allowed the constraint of various model parameters.

Results.We present here the first attempt at generating a model that can simultaneously describe these sets of observations. Extended collisional lifetimes are found to be necessary for larger (radius ≥ 150μm) particles. The observations are best fit with a differential size distribution that is steep (slope = 5) for radii ≥ 150μm, and shallower (slope = 2) for smaller particles. At the Earth the model results in ~ 90–98% Jupiter-family comet meteoroids, and small contributions from asteroidal and Halley-type comet particles. In COBE data we find an approximately 80% contribution from Jupiter-family comet meteoroids and 20% from asteroidal particles. The resulting flux at the Earth is mostly within a factor of about two to three of published measurements.
Retrospective analysis of hospital discharge records for cases of trichinellosis does not allow evaluation of disease burden in Italy
Authors: Pozio Edoardo , Ludovisi Alessandra , Pezzotti Patrizio , Bruschi Fabrizio , Gómez-Morales Maria Ángeles
Published: July 2019

Human trichinellosis is a disease caused by nematode worms of the genusTrichinella. In Italy, as well as in most other European countries, notification ofTrichinellainfections in humans is mandatory; however, no information is available on the number of cases occurring annually. The aim of the present study was to retrospectively evaluate the burden of trichinellosis in Italy from 2005 to 2016. Hospital discharge records (HDRs) showing the code for trichinellosis (124) were registered and screened. Results were then compared with yearly reports issued by the Italian National Reference Laboratory forTrichinella(NRLT), with reports from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), and with literature data. A total of 102 HDRs revealed that the 124 code was erroneously reported in 72 (70.6%) records. Out of the 30 (29.4%) records with a correct diagnosis of trichinellosis, nine cases were reported by HDRs only, 21 cases were documented by both HDRs and the NRLT, whereas the NRLT documented 100 additional cases. In the studied period, the average yearly incidence was 0.01 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. This study highlights the limitations of using HDRs to obtain a clear picture of the prevalence and incidence of trichinellosis in Italy. These findings demonstrate the need to intensify the surveillance system for trichinellosis through the development of an Italian registry. This would allow the identification of patients with severe infections and pauci-symptomatic patients, and would avoid the need for clinical analyses and unnecessary treatments, reducing the resulting economic burden on the Italian National Health Service.
Verdauungsoptimierung – wie sich Ernährung und Mikrobiom gegenseitig beeinflussen
Authors: Bischoff Stephan C.
Published: July 2019

Nutrition affects intestinal bacteria by stimulating the expansion of bacteria that can metabolize the nutrient components offered. Conversely, gut bacteria help to optimize food digestion and increase energy intake. Thus, the intestinal microbiome is regulated primarily by nourishment: it determines the composition, function and diversity of the microbiome. As a result, the intestinal microbiome helps to optimize energy and substrate production from food. This is beneficial in cases of imminent malnutrition, but can be detrimental in case of overeating and obesity.
Knochentuberkulose – interdisziplinäre Therapie von der Diagnosestellung bis zur plastisch- chirurgischen Deckung
Authors: Schloßhauer Torsten , Priepke Eckhard , Rehart Stefan , Kuehn Shafreena , Jahn-Muehl Bernhard , Rieger Ulrich Michael
Published: July 2019

Die Tuberkulose stellt mit jährlich 10 Millionen neuen Fällen und über einer Million Toten im Jahr ein zentrales globales Problem dar. Eine Knochentuberkulose stellt dem gegenüber als extrem selten auftretende Form der Tuberkulose eine besondere Herausforderung hinsichtlich der Diagnosestellung sowie der Sanierung und Defektdeckung von tiefgreifenden Defekten im Bereich der Extremitäten dar. Für Mitteleuropa stellt sich vor dem Hintergrund vermehrter Migration und ansteigender Zahlen von Tuberkulosefällen verstärkt die Frage nach einer sicheren Diagnose, Therapie und Schutzmaßnahmen im Umgang mit dem Patienten.

Im vorliegenden Fall, einer 49-jährigen Frau aus Pakistan, erfolgte eine erstmalige Vorstellung mit dem klinischen Bild eines Exanthems auf Höhe des oberen Sprunggelenkes mit radiologischen Zeichen einer Osteolyse. Die pathologische und molekularpathologische Diagnostik erbrachte den Nachweis einer Infektion durch einen Erreger des M. tuberculosis-Komplexes. In der Initialphase über 6 Wochen erfolgte die leitliniengerechte 4fach-Therapie mit Isoniazid (INH), Rifampicin (RMP), Pyrazinamid (PZA) und Ethambutol (EMB) und in der anschließenden Kontinuitätsphase die 2fach-Therapie mit INH und RMP für 12 Monate.

14 Monate später, erfolgte bei Rezidiv-Abszess die erneute stationäre Aufnahme, mit der Fortführung der tuberkulostatischen Therapie als Vierfach-Kombination aus INH, RMP, PZA und EMB für 6 Wochen und als Zweifachkombination INH und RMP für insgesamt ein Jahr.

Nach Sanierung des Abszesses erfolgte die Ruhigstellung des Gelenkes mittels Sprunggelenks-Arthrodese und schließlich die Defektdeckung der tiefgreifenden Nekrose am rechten Sprunggelenk durch einen freien M. gracilis-Lappenplastik durch die Plastische Chirurgie.

In dem hier beschriebenen Fall erfolgte die suffiziente ossäre Versorgung sowie Weichgewebsdeckung in einem Schwerpunktkrankenhaus durch die Zusammenarbeit der Infektiologie, der orthopädisch-unfallchirurgischen und der plastisch-chirurgischen Abteilung. Der knöcherne Defekt konnte so saniert, der Weichgewebsdefekt gedeckt und letztlich der Extremitätenerhalt gesichert werden. Im Rahmen dieses Fallbeispiels soll aufgrund der zunehmenden Relevanz dieser Entität ein umfassender Überblick über die relevante aktuelle Literatur gegeben werden und ein Therapie-Algorithmus abgeleitet werden.
Vom dermatologischen Gemüsegarten zur Ernährungslehre: Sigwald Bommer (1893 – 1963) zum 125. Geburtstag
Authors: Gregersen D. M. , Schempp C. M. , Meyer U.
Published: July 2019

Zusammenhänge zwischen Hautkrankheiten und Ernährung finden in neuerer Zeit wieder mehr Beachtung, zum Beispiel bei Psoriasis und Akne. Hingegen beschäftigten sich Ärzte aus den verschiedensten Fachbereichen in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts eingehend mit der Ernährung als Einflussfaktor auf Gesundheit und Krankheit. So auch der wenig bekannte Dermatologe Sigwald Bommer (1893 – 1963), der Lehrstuhlinhaber an der Universität in Greifswald war. Hautkrankheiten nicht nur lokal zu behandeln, sondern einen ganzheitlichen Ansatz zu verfolgen, lernte Bommer in der Lupusheilstätte Gießen bei Albert Jesionek (1870 – 1935), wo allgemeine Lichttherapie zum Einsatz kam. Dort begannen Diätversuche, die schwere Fälle von Hauttuberkulose, insbesondere Lupus vulgaris, zur Abheilung brachten. Dies hinterließ bei Bommer einen derartigen Eindruck, dass er sich seit dieser Zeit mit der Ernährungsbehandlung beschäftigte und sie zu einer vierstufigen Diättherapie weiterentwickelte. Über gewisse Variationen der Ernährungsstufen behandelte er unterschiedliche Hautkrankheiten wie Psoriasis, Rosazea, Ekzeme und Akne vulgaris mit Erfolg. Die Wirkung sah er in der Verbesserung der Durchblutungssituation bis in die Kapillaren, was er anhand von histologischem Material zu belegen versuchte. Weitere Beobachtungen überzeugten Bommer, dass neben Durchblutungs- auch Verdauungsstörungen bei den dermatologischen Patienten als häufige Komorbiditäten bestanden. Als zentralen Ansatzpunkt seiner Ernährungstherapie sah er das „System der inneren Atmung“, das heißt die Oxidations- und Reduktionssysteme im Zellstoffwechsel: Aufnahme einer gesunden und vollwertigen Nahrung verbesserte grundlegend die Verdauungstätigkeit, die kapillare Durchblutungssituation der Gewebe und damit auch den Stoffaustausch an der Zelle selbst.
Determination of the Maximal Lactate Steady State by HRV in Overweight and Obese Subjects
Authors: Schmidt Tobias , Wulff Sarah , Braumann Klaus-Michael , Reer Ruediger
Published: July 2019

The study assessed if the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) may be determined by HRV in overweight and obese individuals. Fourteen obese (OB) and 14 overweight (OW) participants performed an incremental exercise test and several constant-load tests on a bicycle ergometer to determine the MLSS. HRV was analysed by using time domain and non-linear parameters of the Poincaré plot. Various HRV thresholds (HRVt) were detected and compared with the MLSS. Overall, Bland-Altman plots demonstrated moderate to strong agreements between the power at the MLSS and the power at HRVt, with all HRVt overestimating the MLSS (range: − 14.6 to−19.8 W). All HRVt were detected at higher intensities (69.2–78.8%Pmax) compared to the MLSS (62.6–66.8%Pmax). The primarily vagally modulated parameter HRVtSD1 revealed higher correlations (r=0.66–0.76) and lower differences (16.8–19.9%) compared to the parameter HRVtSD2 (r=0.56–r=0.66; 22.4–22.9%). The data suggest a delayed vagal withdrawal during incremental exercise in obese and overweight individuals. For this population, the use of HRV to determine the MLSS seems questionable.
Hörgeräteversorgung – Kann die Begrenzung der
Leistungspflicht der Krankenkassen durch Festbeträge bei medizinischer
Indikation erfolgreich vor den Sozialgerichten angefochten
werden?
Authors: Lottner Anna , Iro Heinrich , Schützenberger Anne , Hoppe Ulrich
Published: July 2019

Hintergrund Bei der Versorgung von Patienten mit Hörgeräten stellt sich
oft die Frage, ob die Patienten einen Anspruch auf technisch weiter entwickelte
und somit teurere Geräte haben, wenn dies medizinisch indiziert ist, oder nur
auf Geräte zum Festbetrag. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über Urteile der
deutschen Sozialgerichte. Es wurde untersucht, ob es sich für gesetzlich
krankenversicherte Patienten lohnt, den Klageweg zu beschreiten, wenn ihr Antrag
abgelehnt wird, und mit welcher Verfahrensdauer gerechnet werden muss.

Material & Methoden Ausgewertet wurde die deutsche kommerzielle
juristische Datenbank „juris“. Als Suchparameter dienten „Hörgerät“ und
„Zuzahlung“. Die besprochenen Entscheidungen ergingen im Zeitraum 2009 bis
2019.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 97 einschlägige Entscheidungen gefunden. Es
wurde festgestellt, dass die Ergebnisse je nach den Besonderheiten des
Einzelfalles variieren. Von den untersuchten Urteilen und Beschlüssen fielen 63
% positiv für den Patienten (Kläger) aus. Die Verfahren dauerten zwischen 0,3
Jahren und 10,4 Jahren.

Schlussfolgerungen Die Arbeit zeigt, dass ungewiss ist, ob die Kosten für
Hörgeräte, deren Kosten den Festbetrag übersteigen, übernommen bzw. erstattet
werden oder nicht. Da jeder Fall im Prinzip einzigartig ist, variieren auch die
Ergebnisse. Trotzdem wird empfohlen, im Falle der Ablehnung der Ansprüche trotz
Indikation nach sorgfältiger Abwägung den Klageweg zu beschreiten.
Cu(OTf)2-Catalyzed Beckmann Rearrangement of Ketones Using Hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic Acid (HOSA)
Authors: Munnuri Sailu , Verma Saumya , Chandra Dinesh , Anugu Raghunath Reddy , Falck John R. , Jat Jawahar L.
Published: July 2019

The Beckmann rearrangement (BKR) of ketones to secondary amides often requires harsh reaction conditions that limit its practicality and scope. Herein, the Cu(OTf)2-catalyzed BKR of ketones under mild reaction conditions using hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid (HOSA), a commercial water soluble aminating agent, is described. This method is compatible with most functional groups and directly provides the desired amides in good to excellent yields.
Designing Developmentally Sensitive AAC Technologies for Young Children with Complex Communication Needs: Considerations of Communication, Working Memory, Attention, Motor Skills, and Sensory-Perception
Authors: O'Neill Tara , Wilkinson Krista M.
Published: July 2019

Young children who require augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) must be provided with AAC technologies that are designed to meet their needs and accommodate their skills. One critical aspect of matching the system design features of aided AAC technologies to the needs and abilities of the child with complex communication needs is a consideration of the child's developmental skills. This article provides an overview of specific, early developmental milestones in communication, cognition (i.e., attention and working memory), motor skills, and sensory-perception (including visual attention) that influence decisions regarding AAC system design for young children. Developmental considerations are also reviewed for young children with Down's syndrome, a group that often benefits from early provision of AAC. Based on developmental theory and milestones, specific recommendations are provided for the design of developmentally sensitive AAC technologies for young children who are beginning communicators.
German Heart Surgery Report 2018: The Annual Updated Registry of the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Authors: Beckmann Andreas , Meyer Renate , Lewandowski Jana , Markewitz Andreas , Harringer Wolfgang
Published: July 2019

Based on a longtime voluntary registry, founded by the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (GSTCVS), well-defined data of all cardiac, thoracic, and vascular surgery procedures performed in 78 German heart surgery departments during the year 2018 are analyzed. For this period, a total of 174,902 procedures were submitted to the registry, 98,707 summarized as heart surgery procedures in the classical meaning. The unadjusted in-hospital survival rate for 33,999 isolated coronary artery bypass grafting procedures (relationship on-/off-pump 3.8:1) was 97.1% and for 34,915 isolated heart valve procedures, 14,396 transcatheter interventions included, it was 96.0%. Concerning short- and long-term circulatory supports, a total of 2,871 extracorporeal life support (ECLS)/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) implants, respectively, 942 assist device implantations (L-/R-/BVAD, TAH) were registered. In 2018, the number of isolated heart transplantations increased to 312, a growth of 23% compared with the previous year. The isolated lung transplantations reached 340, a rise of nearly 19%. This annual updated registry of the GSTCVS represents voluntary public reporting by accumulating actual information for nearly all heart surgical procedures in Germany, constitutes advancements in heart medicine, and is a basis for quality management for all participating institutions. In addition, the registry demonstrates that the provision of cardiac surgery in Germany is appropriate and nationwide patient treatment is guaranteed all the time.
Urology Residency Directors' Awareness of Association between α-Adrenergic Antagonists and Floppy Iris Syndrome and Practice Patterns Regarding Prophylactic α-Adrenergic Antagonists
Authors: Cui David , Gupta-Elera Gaytri , Scott Ingrid U.
Published: July 2019

Purpose The use of prophylactic α-adrenergic receptor antagonists prior to surgery is associated with reduced postoperative urinary retention. However, α-adrenergic receptor antagonists have been associated with intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS). Studies have shown that IFIS is correlated with higher rates of cataract surgery complications. The purpose of this study is to investigate United States urology residency program directors' (1) awareness of the association between α-adrenergic receptor antagonists and IFIS and (2) practice patterns regarding the use of prophylactic α-adrenergic receptor antagonists prior to surgery.

Materials and Methods An anonymous, online survey was sent to the program director of each of the 138 urology residency programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. The survey assessed program directors' knowledge regarding the association between α-adrenergic receptor antagonists and IFIS, and practice patterns regarding the use of prophylactic α-adrenergic receptor antagonists prior to surgery.

Results Sixty-nine of the 138 (50%) residency directors responded. Forty percent of respondents believe that tamsulosin (Flomax) does not increase the risk of IFIS. Fifty-two percent of respondents prescribe or consider prescribing prophylactic α-adrenergic blockers prior to surgery, with tamsulosin being the most preferred α-adrenergic blocking agent. Of the prescribing urologists, only 58% counsel most of their patients regarding the association between the prescribed drug and IFIS, 28% never ask patients whether they have had cataract surgery, and 56% would change the drug or dosage used if they learned that a patient had not yet had cataract surgery.

Conclusion The results of this study demonstrate the potential to decrease the risk of IFIS through education of urologists regarding the association of α-adrenergic antagonists with IFIS.