bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REVISITING THE GOLD AND SILVER NISAB FOR ZAKAT: A NUMISMATIC STUDY OF PROPHETIC ERA DINAR AND DIRHAM WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
Authors: Mohd Kassim Hishamuddin
Published: May 2024

In the pivotal second year of Hijrah, a series of momentous events unfolded in Madinah, marking significant transformations within the Muslim community. Central to this period was the divine ordinance of Zakat, mandating Muslims to allocate 2.5% of wealth, exceeding the nisab threshold, towards charitable deeds. Historically, this threshold was defined by the weight of 20 gold dinars or 200 silver dirhams, echoing a time predating the metric system's introduction in the late 18th century. This study investigates historical numismatic evidence to scrutinize established weights of dinars and dirhams from the Nabawi era, contrasting traditional values with those determined by contemporary numismatists — approximately 4.25 grams for dinars and 2.975 grams for dirhams, reflecting a 10:7 weight relationship not evident during the Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) lifetime nor during the era of his great-grandfather, Hashim ibn ‘Abd Manaf (464-497 CE). The finding reveals discrepancies stemming from the Umayyad Caliph ‘Abd al-Malik’s monetary reforms in the 7th century, which significantly lowered the standard weights of these currencies. By critically examining historical narratives alongside modern numismatic findings, this study proposes an alternative, empirically substantiated Taqribi (approximate) definition for the dinar and dirham. This reevaluation not only challenges longstanding fiscal conventions but also aligns with Shaykh Yusuf al-Qaradawi’s assertion on the necessity of redefining Zakat thresholds for contemporary application. Findings advocate for a revision back to the nisab’s original standards, thereby honoring directives against altering the Muslim ummah’s monetary foundations, as evidenced by teachings. Through analytical journey, aspiration is to restore authentic nisab values for gold and silver, offering a recalibrated framework for Islamic economic practices.
Drilling wells taking into account the dynamic properties of rocks
Authors: Zhulay Yu. O , Nikolayev O. D
Published: May 2024

The application of high-frequency vibrations to a drill bit is a promising means of increasing rate of penetration in deep hard formations. The implementation of such drill bit high-frequency vibrations is possible by installing the cavitation hydraulic vibrator in the drill string in front of the rock-cutting tool. Purpose. Evaluation of resonant modes (frequencies of oscillations) for the dynamic interaction of the mud pressure in the drill string and the drill bit longitudinal vibrations in case of contact with the rock being destroyed while drilling using the cavitation hydraulic vibrator; comparative analysis of the effectiveness of using a high-frequency mechanical vibrator and a cavitation hydraulic vibrator in case of drilling in hard rocks. Methodology. The research is based on a comparative analysis of the amplitudes and power spectral density of mud pressure oscillations of the mud and vibration accelerations in the drill bit cross section of drill string. Findings. The results are presented in the form of amplitude spectra and power spectral densities of mud pressure and vibration acceleration, as well as the dependence of the increase in the rate of penetration on the frequency of forced oscillations of the drill bit. Originality. Taking into account the influence of the cavitation hydraulic vibrator on the drill rig ROP made it possible: - to determine the resonant frequencies of pressure oscillations of the mud of the drilling tool, for the effective removal of drilled rock at the point of its contact with the drilling tool, and the longitudinal vibration accelerations of the drilling tool, to speed up rate of penetration during the construction of a well; - to evaluate the effectiveness of using a cavitation hydraulic vibrator in comparison with a high-frequency mechanical vibrator. For the studied modes of operation of the hydraulic vibrator at values of the cavitation parameter  = 0.19, the well rate of penetration increases by 40 % compared to the traditional rotary method and by 26 % compared to the vibratory hammer. For the cavitation operating mode of the hydraulic vibrator  = 0.41, the increase in the rate of penetration is 62 and 37 %, respectively. At the same time, the operating efficiency of the hydraulic vibrator was ensured at the resonant frequencies of the mud pressure with a frequency of 1,580 Hz at  = 0.19 and 1,980 Hz at  = 0.41. Practical value. For a specific design of the cavitation hydraulic vibrator as part of a drill string, by changing the frequency of the drill bit vibration impact on the rock, resonant frequencies are established that ensure the high ROP of the well.
Electric vehicle energy consumption taking into account the route topology
Authors: Beshta O. S , Beshta O. O , Khudolii S. S , Khalaimov T. O , Fedoreiko V. S
Published: May 2024

Purpose. Determining the impact of the route topology factor on the costs of mechanical work of an electric vehicle is the main task of this work. The impact is determined by calculating the costs of mechanical work during the movement of an electric vehicle, taking into account energy recovery. The task also includes assessment of the forces acting on an electric vehicle using the example of the 2014 Nissan Leaf AZEO. Methodology. The paper uses a mathematical model that estimates the amount of mechanical work required to overcome one of the chosen routes, taking into account energy recovery. Evaluation is performed using the most common standardized cycle WLTC class 3b. Findings. The result of the research is a developed mathematical model that will allow one to effectively estimate the amount of mechanical work to overcome the given route and the possible recovery energy. The proposed method makes it possible to determine the most economical route from the starting point to the destination, taking into account the cost of mechanical energy. Originality. A description of the main components affecting the consumption of electricity is given, taking into account the full picture of the forces acting on the electric vehicle during movement. Practical value. The obtained results are of practical importance for choosing the most optimal route of the electric vehicle, which contributes to the efficient use of energy. The proposed technique can be used in practice to plan routes from the point of view of maximum energy recovery.
The research of industrial production dynamics based on the tools of chaos theory
Authors: Yankovyi O , Basiurkina N , Karpinska H , Malyshenko L , Chernova V
Published: May 2024

Purpose. To prove the possibility of improving the procedure for analyzing and forecasting the dynamics of economic systems through the comprehensive use of scientific achievements of chaos theory, namely: checking the trend stability of time series, studying their phase space, attractors, Lyapunov’s chaos indicators, the maximum length of a reliable forecast of the socio-economic system development, etc. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is the provisions of modern economic theory, in particular, statistics, economic and mathematical modeling and forecasting, economic cybernetics and systems theory, fundamental works of foreign and domestic scientists on the issues of fractal analysis and chaos theory. Findings. The phase and fractal analysis of the dynamics series of chain and basic growth rates of industrial production in Ukraine was carried out, and their fractal dimension was determined. The correlation function was calculated and Lyapunov’s indicators were found to assess the degree of chaotic system, Kolmogorov entropy, and the parameter of evolution in time. The maximum length of a reliable forecast and the future values of the time series were also determined. Originality. The article substantiates the necessity and possibility of applying the methodological apparatus of chaos theory in the process of analyzing and forecasting economic dynamics, including the development of domestic industrial production. Practical value. The value of the work is determined by the applied aspects of reliable forecasts of chain and basic growth rates of industrial production in Ukraine obtained on the basis of the chaos theory tools, the possibility of comparative analysis of the domestic industry development in “potential peacetime” and actual wartime.
Determining the parameters of the functioning for a nonlinear ballistic system in a real external environment
Authors: Aziukovskyi O. O , Gristchak V. Z , Hryshchak D. D , Ziborov K. A , Fedoriachenko S. O , Harkavenko D. V
Published: May 2024

Purpose. Development of an approximate nonlinear model for the solution of the external ballistics problem with determination of the nonlinear system parameters and development of a methodology for calculating the aerodynamic characteristics of the cargo, located on the external suspension of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in order to increase the efficiency of their delivery to the specified landing target by means of asymptotic approach with given parameters of the studied system and external load. Methodology. The development of an effective model was carried out using analytical and numerical research algorithms based on a nonlinear system of differential equations in a general form with time-varying coefficients. In order to obtain a solution to the nonlinear problem of external ballistics in a two-dimensional formulation, the assumption of a significant influence of the projection of the velocity function on the ordinate axis in relation to the component on the abscissa axis is introduced. The problem is reduced to the solution of a related system of differential equations with variable coefficients along the corresponding coordinates using the asymptotic approach for a small parameter of the coefficient of frontal aerodynamic resistance. Applied mathematical analysis and modeling have been used for the problem formulation considering studied environmental parameters. Findings. Analytical dependences of the nonlinear problem of ballistics and application of finite-element analysis (FEA) with respect to the cargo motion from the UAV in the presence of the initial speed and wind load in the plane of motion are proposed. It is shown that the obtained analytical solution is correlated with the direct numerical calculation of the basic differential equation with respect to the ordinate axis. Originality. A mathematical nonlinear model of the dynamic process is proposed, assuming the prevailing influence of the speed function along the ordinate axis compared to the function along the abscissa axis. To obtain an approximate analytical solution of the basic nonlinear system of differential equations with variable coefficients the asymptotic perturbation method is applied. The dependence for the axial displacement function is presented considering actual time-flight parameter. Practical value. The obtained analytical dependencies for estimating the time and distance reaching the target with the initial speed of movement and the presence of wind load can be used in applied problems of mathematical physics and engineering calculations of functional dependencies and control of the cargo delivery process and target reaching from an UAV. The obtained analytical results and the solution algorithm can be integrated into applied problems of mathematical physics and engineering calculations, particularly the development of ballistic system control algorithms.
BANK-SPECIFIC, ECONOMIC AND LEGAL DETERMINANTS OF PROFITABILITY IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA
Authors: Kosumi Arbenita , Zharku Lutfi
Published: May 2024

Background:
Bank profitability is more than just a financial indicator; it is a reflection of the health and vitality of the banking sector and the economy as a whole. Profitable banks help to maintain financial stability by increasing resilience, facilitating capital formation and intermediation, promoting innovation and adaptability, and instilling confidence and trust. Hence, profitability is critical in the banking sector since it directly influences policymakers, regulators, and bank management. Therefore, the study will estimate the influence of specific bank and economic-legal determinants on return on assets in the Republic of North Macedonia. Thus, the study aims to estimate the influence of specific bank and economic-legal determinants on return on assets in the Republic of Northern Macedonia.
Methods:
The study employs the methodology of the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and covers quarterly data from 2007 to 2022. To conduct the empirical analysis required to identify and assess the factors of bank profitability, quantitative data were gathered primarily from the National Bank of the Republic of North Macedonia, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Bank. Return on Assets was used as a dependent variable. The set of factors is composed into two groups: the first includes bank-specific (controlled) factors such as the sectors’ size, credit risk, capital adequacy, liquidity, income diversification, efficiency of operations, and non-performing loans. The second group includes macroeconomic (uncontrolled) factors such as economic growth, inflation, and interest rates.
Results and Conclusions:
Results reveal that the size of the banking sector, the risk of the credit, liquidity, income diversification and non-performing loans have a meaningful but negative influence on the response variable. However, capital adequacy, operational efficiency, GDP and interest rate have an important positive impact. Hence, based on the empirical analyses, to boost profitability, the Macedonian banking system should prioritise asset management as a size indication, raising the non-income ratio to diversify revenue, reducing credit risk and non-performing loans, and maintaining a good liquidity ratio.Furthermore, there is clear evidence that second-level banks should extend beyond national borders. Better loan portfolio management, greater technology with database processing and communication improvements, and expanded technology with database processing and communication improvements can strengthen the ability to deal with the next crisis. Additionally, banks should increase non-interest revenue by employing it as a risk outlet in banking and distributing it across many income-generating enterprises, enhancing profitability. These findings offer insights for bank executives and regulators interested in increasing bank profitability and stability.
Ética da aplicação de inteligências artificiais e chatbots na saúde mental: uma perspectiva psicanalítica
Authors: Dos Reis Silveira Paulo Victor , Leitão Paravidini João Luiz
Published: May 2024

Este artigo discute as implicações éticas do uso de Inteligências Artificiais (IAs) ou chatbots terapeutas na saúde mental através do método da revisão narrativa da literatura. Define-se o que são esses dispositivos, quais são seus benefícios e seus limites para a prática clínica. Em seguida, examinam-se quais problemas éticos que resultam dessas tecnologias pela perspectiva da psicanálise. Destacam-se os riscos de danos afetivos complexos, de falta de validade e confiabilidade das informações e de ausência de responsabilização dos agentes envolvidos. Por fim, apresentam-se algumas recomendações para o desenvolvimento de IAs mais éticas e as questões que se colocam nesse sentido.
Perspectivas da inteligência artificial como ferramenta de apoio para análise textual discursiva
Authors: Farias Silva Maria Juliana , Corrêa de Paula Marlúbia
Published: May 2024

Este artigo objetiva descrever as perspectivas do uso da Inteligência Artificial (IA) ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer) como ferramenta no processo da Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD), para tratar informações coletadas conforme estudos do Projeto de Pesquisa Análises Textuais na Pesquisa Qualitativa com uso de software QDA – Qualitative Data Analysis, de uma universidade pública no Sul da Bahia. Enquanto justificativa, essa ferramenta apresenta funcionalidades para identificação de nuances linguísticas e captura de contexto. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória com fonte bibliográfica, cujos resultados prévios sinalizam que a IA utilizada no apoio durante o tratamento de informações pode auxiliar na ampliação de análises textuais, oferecendo maior profundidade nas unitarizações, possibilitando compreensões e reformulações dos discursos aliando velocidade e gerenciamento via prompt. Os resultados desse uso ensejam a economia de tempo sem dispensar os compromissos éticos quanto à confiabilidade e validade dos dados auxiliados pelo uso da IA.
DETERMINING THE OPTIMAL ROUTE OF BULOG RICE DISTRIBUTION USING SEQUENTIAL INSERTION AND NEAREST NEIGHBOUR METHOD
Authors: Safitri Yayang , Rakhmawati Fibri , Aprillia Rima
Published: May 2024

Rice consumption in Indonesia is the 4th highest in the world, with an annual average of 35.3 million tonnes. Apart from that, domestic rice production is relatively low, so finding an optimal distribution pattern to meet Indonesia's food consumption needs is necessary. This research aims to find the best route for rice distribution using sequential insertion and nearest-neighbor methods. The aim is to compare the two methods to determine which is suitable for distributing rice. Apart from that, comparisons are made to find the distribution route with the shortest distance and fastest time. The research results show that the optimal travel distance using the sequential insertion method is t = 1, namely 519 Km with a travel time of 779 minutes. Meanwhile, the optimal travel distance using the nearest neighbor method at r = 1 is 506 km with a travel time of 535 minutes. Thus, this problem's nearest neighbor method performs better than sequential insertion.
IMAGE CLASSIFICATION OF VINE LEAF DISEASES USING COMPLEX-VALUED NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: Putri Irma Amanda , Prasetya Dwi Arman , Fahrudin Tresna Maulana
Published: May 2024

Leaf diseases are a serious challenge in the agricultural industry affecting crop quality and yield especially in grapevines. Early recognition and classification of grape leaf diseases is crucial to enable farmers to take appropriate preventive measures in maintaining the health of their crops. The research utilized an innovative approach based on Complex-Valued Neural Network (CVNN) to address the problem. Using Complex-Valued Neural Network (CVNN) this research seeks to identify and classify grape leaf diseases through a series of experiments. A total of 100 images divided into 4 classes namely Black Rot, ESCA, Leaf Blight, and Healthy were collected to train the model. The results show that the trained CVNN model successfully achieved a training accuracy of 100% and a testing accuracy of 97%, demonstrating excellent performance in classifying grape leaf diseases. This states that the proposed approach has great potential to be an effective tool in helping growers manage their vineyards more efficiently and effectively. The developed image processing method is expected to be applied in designing a system to perform image classification of diseases on grape leaves.
Efeitos do uso crônico dos inibidores da bomba de prótons
Authors: Silva Junior José Carlos da , Friggi Juliana Ramos
Published: May 2024

Os inibidores da bomba de prótons (IBPs) agem inibindo a enzima H+/K+ ATPase reduzindo significativamente a produção de ácido gástrico e reduzindo o pH estomacal. Sendo assim, é o tratamento de primeira linha para doença do refluxo gastrointestinal e esôfago de Barrett, além de ser considerado no tratamento de outras patologias como a infecção por H. pylori e esofagite eosinofílica. Além disso, são drogas com infrequentes efeitos adversos e de fácil acesso, uma vez que não há necessidade de receita para adquiri-las, esses fatores contribuem para o uso indiscriminado e consequentemente o surgimento de efeitos deletérios a saúde humana. O presente estudo configura-se como uma revisão bibliográfica integrativa, reunindo dados publicados sobre os efeitos crônicos dos inibidores de bombas de prótons. Foram utilizados artigos publicados em periódicos nacionais e internacionais, ligados a pesquisa científica. A partir da identificação do problema foram definidas as bases temáticas do estudo e selecionadas as referências literárias que atendiam aos critérios de inclusão e, então, foram feitas a síntese das informações. As bases de dados utilizadas para confecção do estudo foram Scielo, Public Medline e PubMed. Portanto, essa revisão de literatura visa explorar diversos estudos disponíveis sobre os efeitos do uso crônico dos inibidores da bomba de prótons. Com intuito de estimular uma maior produção cientifica acerca desse tema, orientando subsequentemente a prática clínica.
Assistência de enfermagem na prevenção de lesão por pressão em idoso no hospital
Authors: Vasconcelos Francicleide da Silva , Brutus Dine Maxime Nelio , Silva Cliciane Marinho da , Oliveira Francisca Antonia Nascimento de , Nogueira Claudeny Borges , Pereira Pabloena da Silva
Published: May 2024

Introdução: Cabe ao enfermeiro responsável direto pelo cuidado, maior atenção na prevenção de LPP em idoso no hospital, pois estão rodeados por fatores predisponentes, dentre esses, o envelhecimento tegumentar. Objetivo: Apresentar na assistência de enfermagem, métodos eficientes de prevenção de lesão por pressão em paciente idoso no hospital. Metodologia: Trata-se de estudo do tipo revisão integrativa. Foram utilizados, artigos, revistas, pesquisas científicas, das bases de dados: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Literatura Latino – Americana em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), utilizando as palavras-chaves: Assistência de Enfermagem, Prevenção, Lesão por Pressão, Idoso, Hospital. Resultados: Os tipos de estudos selecionados são do tipo descritivo, transversais e quantitativos, sendo a abordagem metodológica qualitativo presente em mais de 60% dos artigos e predominantes em revistas de enfermagem, destacando a assistência de enfermagem na prevenção de lesão por pressão, as incidências das lesões e fatores predisponentes tendo como risco específico a idade avançada, fator que traz vulnerabilidade aos pacientes principalmente de UTI. Considerações Finais: Nesse cenário, garantir a oferta da assistência de enfermagem com padrões de qualidade fundamentados na qualificação, humanização da atenção, gestão da redução e controle de riscos aos usuários e adesão de protocolos de cuidados preventivos de LPP comprovadamente eficazes, em todos os serviços de saúde do país, são condutas essenciais que reduzem riscos de incidência de lesões, riscos de infecção em paciente idoso no hospital, garantindo a redução dos agravos e do tempo de internação.
Consequências no desenvolvimento neurológico em crianças portadoras da Síndrome de Lennox-Gastaut
Authors: Cavalcanti Maria Eduarda Notaro , Cavalcanti Lavínia Pessoa de Melo Albuquerque , Almeida Letícia Bezerra de , Silva Maria Júlia Tenório Oliveira da , Barros Roberta Gomes , Horta Wagner Gonçalves
Published: May 2024

A Síndrome de Lennox-Gastaut (SLG) é uma encefalopatia epiléptica grave com início na infância, que corresponde a 4% das epilepsias da infância. A SLG ainda não tem uma etiopatogenia e um tratamento definido, resultando em um mau prognóstico para esses pacientes. Diversos tratamentos são estudados para controle das dos episódios convulsivos e para neuroproteção desses pacientes. Está presente revisão objetivou identificar quais seriam as consequências no desenvolvimento neurológico de crianças portadoras da SLG e os tratamentos disponíveis através de uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática, de publicações do ano de 2014 ao de 2024, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Foi realizado um levantamento nas bases de dados PubMed e SciELO. Foi visto que existem poucos estudos sobre o assunto, uma realidade que precisa ser alterada para que esses infantes tenham uma melhor qualidade de vida. Mas apesar disso, conclui-se que apesar do sistema neuropsicomotor ainda ser afetado mesmo em uso do tratamento, essas crianças ainda têm vantagem no desenvolvimento neurológico quando comparado a terapia para interrupções de crises epilépticas.
Desafios do tratamento endodôntico em casos de radix entomolaris
Authors: Bacellar Neto Theodorico Januário , Ogata Leandro Iwai
Published: May 2024

O tratamento endodôntico corresponde na realização da remoção de toda a polpa dentária juntamente com as bactérias e suas toxinas que encontram-se presentes no conduto radicular. O radix entomolaris (RE) constitui-se de uma alteração no número de raízes dos molares inferiores. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar uma abordagem indireta e de caráter bibliográfico para compreender os desafios do tratamento endodôntico em casos de radix entomolaris, demonstrar a importância do cirurgião-dentista possuir conhecimento anatômico dental e a necessidade da solicitação de exames de imagem antes da realização do procedimento. Assim, foi realizada uma abordagem descritiva a respeito do tratamento endodôntico em casos de radix entomolaris averiguando as incidências nos últimos anos através de analises de artigos científicos. A pesquisa foi realizada de formato secundário, ou seja, através de artigos científicos. Foram selecionados artigos publicados nas plataformas Google acadêmico, Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) e Pubmed. Através de referências bibliográficas, verificou-se que é indispensável o conhecimento do sistema de canais radiculares, tal como dar seguimento em todas as etapas corretamente do tratamento. Conclui-se que para conquistar o êxito endodôntico, na presença do RE, requer conhecimento sobre sua anatomia, incidência, uma boa avaliação clínica, assim como ultrapassar possíveis dificuldades existentes durante o tratamento.
Terapia celular na regeneração de tecidos musculoesqueléticos: Perspectivas na osteoartrite e uso de células-tronco mesenquimais
Authors: Santos Luiz Henrique Cunha dos , Lima Márcio José de Carvalho , Valença Alice Lopes , Jordão Layla de Albuquerque Campos , Diniz Yale Janguiê Valgueiro , Stamford Sabrina de Freitas , Ferreira Adriana Parente Vianna Simões , Ferreira Mariana Cavalcanti Pirajá Viana , Ferreira Isabela Bonfim , França Lais Araújo Silva de , Couto Victoria Carolyna Silva
Published: May 2024

A osteoartrite é uma condição musculoesquelética comum e debilitante que causa degeneração progressiva da cartilagem articular, resultando em dor, rigidez e limitação da mobilidade articular. Diante dos desafios do tratamento eficaz da osteoartrite, a terapia celular emergiu como uma abordagem promissora para promover a regeneração dos tecidos afetados. Este estudo apresenta uma revisão abrangente sobre a terapia celular na osteoartrite, destacando os principais achados, desafios e perspectivas futuras dessa área. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio da seleção e análise de estudos relevantes nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science, com um período de inclusão de 20 anos. Foram priorizados estudos primários, incluindo ensaios clínicos, meta-análises, ensaios clínicos randomizados e revisões sistemáticas. Os resultados indicam que a terapia celular, especialmente o uso de células-tronco mesenquimais, oferece potencial para promover a regeneração da cartilagem, reduzir a inflamação e modular a resposta imune nas articulações afetadas pela osteoartrite. No entanto, são necessárias mais pesquisas para otimizar as estratégias terapêuticas, superar desafios técnicos e regulatórios e validar a eficácia e segurança a longo prazo desses tratamentos.
Common Idiopathic Mononeuropathies of the Upper Extremity
Authors:   , Kortlever Joost Teunis Pieter
Published: May 2024

This thesis focuses on conditions where a nerve is affected (neuropathy) by compression in the wrist or elbow. For most of these conditions, the cause is unknown (idiopathic). The two most common conditions in the arm are median nerve neuropathy at the carpal tunnel (MNCT) and ulnar nerve neuropathy at the elbow (UNE). The overarching term for the symptoms and signs of these conditions are carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and cubital tunnel syndrome, respectively. This thesis is divided in 4 parts.
In part 1, multiple patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were examined to quantify subjective aspects of health. Strong correlations between PROMs, pain intensity, and quality of life were demonstrated, with psychosocial factors seeming to play a significant role.
Part 2 focuses on electrodiagnostics (nerve conduction studies) as a diagnostic tool for MNCT and UNE. The results of the studies suggest diagnostic uncertainty in distinguishing between no and mild neuropathology, indicating a need for improved diagnostic criteria.
The third part highlights that patients prefer to share decisions with their surgeon (shared decision-making) in the treatment of CTS. Additionally, a lack of personal financial responsibility was found to be the most common reason for choosing the (more expensive) treatment option; surgery.
The final part shows geographical variation in the use of radiographs and corticosteroid injections for CTS and UNE. Finally, patients had less regret about their treatment choice when they had read a decision aid about their condition.
Pendampingan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah dalam Mengimplementasikan Pembelajaran dan Asesmen Kurikulum Merdeka Menuju Madrasah Mandiri Berprestasi
Authors: Hakim Nur , Widianto Suheri , Hasan Muhammad Nur
Published: May 2024

The Merdeka Curriculum is a new curriculum aimed at improving the quality of education through a holistic approach, emphasizing the development of character, creativity, and multiple-intelligence of students. However, the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in Lamongan Regency faced several challenges, one of which was the limited understanding of teachers regarding the concepts and learning methodologies contained in the curriculum. To address these challenges, mentoring was provided to Madrasah IbtidaiyahI (Islamic Elementary School) teachers (a case study in Brondong Subdistrict, Lamongan). In this mentoring program, the subject of PKM (Community Service Program) was the teachers in 35 Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) under the Working Group of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (KKMI) in Brondong Subdistrict, Lamongan Regency. The assets (figuratively speaking) as the implementers of this program totaled 70 teachers, with two representatives from each madrasah. The mentoring method used the Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) approach, aiming to maximize the assets and potential of the madrasah, while involving active participation from all teachers. The mentoring results showed a significant increase in teachers' understanding of the Merdeka Curriculum, reaching 71.43%. Teachers were also able to develop lesson plans that align with the principles of flexibility and contextualization, and implement active learning methods through practical activities reinforcing the Pancasila Student Profile Project and the Rahmatan lil Alamin Student Profile (P5-PPRA). This mentoring provided benefits and positive outcomes for the madrasah and students. The madrasah became more independent and achieved better performance, while students obtained higher-quality and more meaningful learning experiences.
Bilingual Education Reduces Ethnic Outgroup Discrimination
Authors: Siow Jeremy
Published: May 2024

Extant research on prejudice reduction often focuses on short-term interventions that yield inconclusive results. Instead, this article focuses on people's formative years and argues that bilingual education reduces ethnic outgroup discrimination through perspective-taking. I test my expectations in three distinct studies. In Study 1, cross-national analyses reveal that bilingual speakers are more sensitive to the unequal treatment of other ethnic communities in their country compared to monolinguals. Study 2 leverages a quasi-experimental variation in the language of instruction used in Malaysian schools and finds that individuals who received bilingual education display more inclusive attitudes than those exposed to monolingual instruction. In Study 3, results from a survey experiment indicate that participants who were instructed to switch between two languages, rather than using just one language, expressed lower levels of ethnic outgroup discrimination. The findings imply that education and language play important roles in reducing intergroup prejudice from an early age.
Partisan, Humble Thyself: How Political Overconfidence Fuels Affective Polarization
Authors: Anson Ian
Published: May 2024

Ongoing research shows that many Americans erroneously believe themselves to know more about politics than their peers. This form of “political overconfidence” has been associated with extreme ideological position-taking and susceptibility to misinformation, among other patterns of behavior. Does knowledge overconfidence among partisans also drive negative affect towards members of the opposing political party? In this short article, I present the results of a pre-registered survey experiment (N = 1,049) designed to assess the causal link between knowledge overconfidence and negative perceptions of political parties and their members. By randomly exposing experimental subjects to messages designed to mitigate knowledge overconfidence, I measure the degree to which such interventions can reduce negativity towards partisans’ political opponents. Results show that invoking humility among partisans can dampen negative assessments of the out-party and raise respondents’ willingness to communicate with partisan alters.
Unique Continuation for the Multi-term Time Fractional Diffusion Equation and its Numerical Simulation
Authors: Yang Yuanyuan , Zhao Lejiao , Li Zhiyuan
Published: May 2024

This paper deals with the unique continuation principle of solutions for a one-dimensional anomalous diffusion equation with multi-term time fractional derivatives. The proof is mainly based on the Laplace transform and Theta function method. Numerically, we reformulate the unique continuation as an optimization problem, and propose an iterative thresholding algorithm to simulate it numerically. Finally, several numerical experiments are presented to show the accuracy and efficiency of the algorithm.
The “Faith” Problem in James 2
Authors: Chia Philip Suciadi
Published: May 2024

Faith is the main theme in James chapter two. Again, James has his exhortation and reason (purpose) to back up his exhortation. In this chapter, however, James uses a personal (2:4, 6), theological (2:5, 7, 19-20), and scriptural reflection (2:8-11, 21, 23, 25) in his reason (purpose). These reflections reveal that James exhorts his readers that are familiar with a Jewish background and his exhortation is personal. Interestingly, James provides his commentaries on Biblical quotations (2:22, 24, 26).
Morphology modification of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 by incorporating cotton textiles in lithium-ion capacitors
Authors: Truong Phat , Sun Quanwen , Tang Wei , He Rong , Zhou Meng , Luo Hongmei
Published: May 2024

To address the alerting issue of energy demand, lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) have been widely studied as promising electrochemical energy storage devices, which can deliver higher energy density than supercapacitors (SCs), and have higher power density with longer cycling life than lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In this work, the active material lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) is grown on a cotton textile template and building a 3-dimensional (3D) integrity to improve capacitance and energy density of LICs by enhancing the interfacial ion-exchange process. With the 3D structure, the specific discharge capacitance is increased to 718.67 F g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 from that of non-textile NCM523 (265.97 F g−1), and remains a high capacitance of 254.48 Fg−1 at 10 A g−1 in the half-cell capacitors. In addition, the energy density can achieve up to 36.17 Wh kg−1 at the power density of 1,200 W kg−1 in the full-cell capacitor. The textile NCM can maintain an energy density of 28.26 Wh kg−1 at the current density of 10 A g−1 and power density of 6,000 W kg−1. Our results present promising applications of electrodes with the 3D porous structure for high energy density LICs.
Numerical evaluation of Hybrid Deck Bulb Tee (HDBT) as a solution to improve durability of single-span bridges
Authors: Agüero-Barrantes Pablo , Hain Alexandra
Published: May 2024

To address the shortcomings of traditional prestressed concrete girders, a new hybrid beam element, the Hybrid Deck Bulb Tee (HDBT) is proposed. The HDBT utilizes staged fabrication. First, the bottom flange is cast with Ultra-high Performance Concrete (UHPC) and prestressed prior to casting the web and top flange with High-Performance Concrete (HPC). The purpose of this study is to analytically evaluate the structural performance of HDBT beams for bridge structures. Multiple HDBT bridges were designed following the state-of-the-art criteria in regard to UHPC bridge design. The performance was evaluated using the following criteria: 1) the deflections under live load and dead load, 2) design checks for temporary stresses before losses, 3) stresses at serviceability limit states after losses, and 4) demand-to-capacity ratios under the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Strength I load combination. To obtain more refined results for the serviceability limit state, the bridges were modeled using a commercial finite element software. The model captured the time dependent material properties such as strength gain, creep, and shrinkage, as well as the stages of fabrication. The analysis demonstrates that the innovative design and fabrication processes of HDBTs are capable of resolving the current limitations of prestressed concrete elements.
Sex-biased gene expression during neural differentiation of human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Pottmeier Philipp , Nikolantonaki Danai , Lanner Fredrik , Peuckert Christiane , Jazin Elena
Published: May 2024

Sex differences in the developing human brain are primarily attributed to hormonal influence. Recently however, genetic differences and their impact on the developing nervous system have attracted increased attention. To understand genetically driven sexual dimorphisms in neurodevelopment, we investigated genome-wide gene expression in an in vitro differentiation model of male and female human embryonic stem cell lines (hESC), independent of the effects of human sex hormones. Four male and four female-derived hESC lines were differentiated into a population of mixed neurons over 37 days. Differential gene expression and gene set enrichment analyses were conducted on bulk RNA sequencing data. While similar differentiation tendencies in all cell lines demonstrated the robustness and reproducibility of our differentiation protocol, we found sex-biased gene expression already in undifferentiated ESCs at day 0, but most profoundly after 37 days of differentiation. Male and female cell lines exhibited sex-biased expression of genes involved in neurodevelopment, suggesting that sex influences the differentiation trajectory. Interestingly, the highest contribution to sex differences was found to arise from the male transcriptome, involving both Y chromosome and autosomal genes. We propose 13 sex-biased candidate genes (10 upregulated in male cell lines and 3 in female lines) that are likely to affect neuronal development. Additionally, we confirmed gene dosage compensation of X/Y homologs escaping X chromosome inactivation through their Y homologs and identified a significant overexpression of the Y-linked demethylase UTY and KDM5D in male hESC during neuron development, confirming previous results in neural stem cells. Our results suggest that genetic sex differences affect neuronal differentiation trajectories, which could ultimately contribute to sex biases during human brain development.
Design of CSKAS-VANET model for stable clustering and authentication scheme using RBMA and signcryption
Authors: Gayathri M. , Gomathy C.
Published: May 2024

A public key infrastructure-enabled system authentication model is developed to provide essential security functions for Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). An intelligent transportation system is provided by VANET, an emerging technology. Dedicated short-range communication is used to disseminate messages wirelessly. Communications may be hacked, and messages can be stolen or fabricated. Hence, authenticated communication is crucial in the VANET environment. Some parameters such as trust, authentication, privacy, and security are at high risk. This article suggests a VANET with secure authentication and trust-based clustering mechanisms to provide stable and secure communication. Initially, the Restricted Boltzmann Machine learning algorithm (RBMA) is used to select the cluster head, which depends upon trust, vehicle lifetime, and buffer level. Then, cluster members are formed, followed by grouping. Diffie–Hellman Hyperelliptic Curve Cryptography and cryptographic hash functions are used by signcryption for secure communication in VANET. Therefore, the essential component of the key agreement strategy that will give superior authentication is this signcryption mechanism. Over the medium access protocol layer, all of these security characteristics are updated. The proposed method of clustering signcryption key agreement scheme (CSKAS) approach reduces time complexity and increases packet delivery ratio which is vital in providing stable, secure communication.
Sustaining e-health innovations in a complex hospital environment: learning through evidence
Authors: Jaana Mirou , MacPhee Erika , Sherrard Heather , Walker Mark
Published: May 2024

Implementing and sustaining technological innovations in healthcare is a complex process. Commonly, innovations are abandoned due to unsuccessful attempts to sustain and scale-up post implementation. Limited information is available on what characterizes successful e-health innovations and the enabling factors that can lead to their sustainability in complex hospital environments. We present a successful implementation, sustainability and scale-up of a virtual care program consisting of three e-health applications (telemedicine, telehome monitoring, and interactive voice response) in a major cardiac care hospital in Canada. We describe their evolution and adaptation over time, present the innovative approach for their “business case” and funding that supported their implementation, and identify key factors that enabled their sustainability and success, which may inform future research and serve as a benchmark for other health care organizations. Despite resource constraints, e-health innovations can be deployed and successfully sustained in complex healthcare settings contingent key considerations: simplifying technology to make it intuitive for patients; providing significant value proposition that is research supported to influence policy changes; involving early supporters of adoption from administrative and clinical staff; engaging patients throughout the innovation cycle; and partnering with industry/technology providers.
Controlling factors of high-quality reservoirs in low permeability sandstone: a case study of the upper member of the lower Ganchaigou formation, Qaidam basin
Authors: Li Wenhuan , Hu Dandan , Gong Changli , Fan Tailiang , Chen Yihang , Li Ya’nan , Shi Qi , Leng Qifeng
Published: May 2024

The upper member of the Lower Ganchaigou Formation (UMoLGF) is a high-potential hydrocarbon exploration area in the North margin of the Qaidam Basin (NMoQB). It represents a typical low-permeability sandstone reservoir. The current understanding of reservoir characteristics of the UMoLGF is poor, and the main controlling factors of high-quality reservoir development remaining unclear. This study, for the first time, integrated various factors to investigate the formation mechanism of high-quality reservoirs in the UMoLGF’s low-permeability sandstone reservoirs. Results show three provenance systems developed in the study area: northwest, northeast, and east. The northwestern and northeastern areas share similar reservoir characteristics. The rock type is predominantly feldspar, with relatively poor particle sorting and rounding. Pore types are dominated by secondary dissolution pores. However, the northwestern area has more developed fractures and poorer pore structures than the northeastern. Meanwhile, in the eastern area, the rock fragment content was high, the rock type was mainly litharentie and lithic arkose, particles were well-sorted and well-rounded. Residual intergranular pores, with good structures, dominated the pore type. The UMoLGF has entered the eo-diagenesis B stage with minor progression into the meso-diagenesis A stage. Based on quantitive calculations, this study established porosity evolution models for the different study areas. The initial porosities in the northwestern, northeastern, and eastern areas were 30.8%, 30.4%, and 34.8%, respectively. Compaction and cementation are the major factors contributing to porosity reduction in the three areas, with the most significant impact in the northwestern area. Dissolution significantly improved the reservoir properties in the northwestern area, with little effect on the northeastern and eastern areas. The formation of high-quality reservoir in the UMoLGF was affected by provenance, diagenesis, and fractures, with the primary controlling factors varying by area. In the northwestern area, the formation of high-quality reservoirs benefited from strong dissolution and well-developed fractures. In the northeastern area, the high-quality reservoir was relied upon favorable provenance and dissolution. In the eastern area, provenance provided an excellent material basis for developing high-quality reservoirs, with dissolution and chlorite cementation further improving reservoir properties. This study provides a theoretical foundation for further exploration and development of UMoLGF and offers insights for exploring and developing similar low-permeability sandstone reservoirs.
The rules of the academic game: reviewing the history of Australian higher education
Authors: Phillips Matthew James
Published: May 2024

The Australian higher education system has its origins in the “Oxbridge” model, and while traces of its Eurocentric heritage persist, the system has evolved through a blend of continuity and change. To grasp the trajectory of Australian higher education, it is essential to delve into its historical development and the pivotal events that have shaped its current form. This article explores significant milestones in the establishment of Australian higher education, all within the backdrop of Australia’s history as a colonized nation transitioning to Federation in the 20th century. Embedded within this commentary is a recognition of the intricate challenges faced by academics within the realm of higher education. Historically, academia has remained an exclusive and elitist sphere, marked by imperial and patriarchal norms that have favored white, heterosexual men. These norms have perpetuated the perception of their superiority, consequently influencing how minority groups have navigated academia, both as students and academics. The institutionalization of political, economic, and symbolic ideologies has further exacerbated the obstacles encountered within academia. Therefore, it becomes paramount to consider the impact of the higher education system’s operations on academics and how it has perpetuated the influence of colonialism and imperialism on the shaping of scientific knowledge and practices throughout history.