bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mineral digestibility of different animal sources for the silver catfish Rhamdia voulezi
Authors: Frei Guilherme Rodrigo , Pessini Jhonis , Cozer Nathieli , Feiden Aldi , Bittencourt Fábio , Boscolo Wilson , Signor Altevir
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein, gross energy, and minerals of marine fish meal (MFM), salmon meal (SM), tilapia by-product meal (TBM), meat and bone meal (MBM), poultry by-product meal (PBM), blood meal (BM), and feather meal (FM) by silver catfish Rhamdia voulezi. Groups of 12 fish were fed the experimental diet three times a day until apparent satiation, and the fecal samples were collected from an accumulation device. SM and PBM exhibited the highest digestibility values for dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy, while MBM and FM presented significantly lower ADCs for dry matter. BM and FM exhibited higher ADCs for phosphorus, 65.05 and 63.87%, respectively. The ADCs for calcium were 58.8% for MFM, 56.69% for TBM, and 60.08% for PBM. PBM and FM had the highest iron ADCs, 44.01 and 46.29%, respectively. Magnesium ADCs ranged from 44.87% for MBM to 75.50% for TBM. BM had the highest digestibility for zinc (62.77%), whereas MBM (36.68%) and FM (39.39%) had the lowest. In general, SM and PBM showed higher values as feedstuffs for silver catfish feeds. At the same time, the digestibility was lower for TBM and MBM for macronutrients and minerals such as phosphorus, iron, and zinc.
Panorama des ondes non ionisantes électromagnétiques (ONIE) et de leurs principaux usages
Authors: de Seze René
Published: July 2021

Il existe de nombreuses applications des champs électromagnétiques. Certaines sont bien connues du grand public. Elles utilisent une fonction informationnelle transportée par les ondes, notamment dans le domaine des radios et télécommunications. D’autres sont plus des applications de niche, industrielles ou médicales. De nombreuses technologies utilisent la fonction énergétique de chauffage par ondes radiofréquences (ou micro-ondes). La mise en évidence de certains phénomènes surprenants exige l’introduction de nouveaux mécanismes d’interaction entre le champ électromagnétique et le vivant, ce qui ouvre de nouveaux horizons à des développements technologiques et nécessite des travaux de recherche audacieux et un soutien dans la durée de la part d’industriels visionnaires porteurs d’une stratégie à long terme.
Effets cumulés des ONIE : co-exposition aux ONIE et à une contrainte thermique
Authors: Pelletier Amandine , Libert Jean-Pierre
Published: July 2021

Souvent, seuls sont étudiés les éventuels effets directs des ONIE sur les organismes vivants. Ce n’est qu’en disposant de matériels innovants que notre équipe a pu examiner les effets d’une exposition aux ONIE sur la capacité d’un organisme à répondre à la variation d’un autre paramètre environnemental. Ainsi, les effets d’une co-exposition associant ONIE et contrainte thermique ont été analysés sur des fonctions impliquées dans le maintien de l’homéostasie énergétique. Les résultats obtenus montrent qu’en présence d’ONIE, les animaux répondent en « luttant contre le froid » alors que ce type de réaction ne devrait être observé que pour des températures ambiantes plus basses. De plus, les animaux adoptent une stratégie d’évitement les conduisant à rechercher un environnement plus chaud. Cela signifie qu’un signal périphérique « froid » pourrait provoquer ces réponses paradoxales qui auraient pour origine les récepteurs TRPM8, les principaux thermorécepteurs au froid qui modifieraient leur conformation sous l’action des ONIE et émettraient un signal vers le système nerveux central qui contrôle ces fonctions.
Freins et leviers de l’intégration des technologies micro-ondes dans les procédés de synthèse chimique à l’échelle industrielle
Authors: Radoiu Marilena
Published: July 2021

La transition vers des technologies chimiques plus durables nécessite de proposer des solutions aux problématiques environnementales dans la filière chimie industrielle. Dans cet article, nous présentons la technologie micro-ondes, une technologie de chauffage qui, si elle est correctement appliquée dès l’échelle laboratoire et jusqu’à l’échelle industrielle, peut viser à améliorer la consommation d’énergie, le temps de traitement et l’empreinte environnementale des procédés chimiques. Notre objectif est de présenter aux scientifiques et aux industriels (les utilisateurs finaux) les freins et les leviers que recouvre l’intégration de la technologie micro-ondes, ainsi que certains des aspects pratiques associés au traitement industriel utilisant cette technologie afin d’en avoir une meilleure compréhension et de permettre son extrapolation à l’échelle industrielle.
Les applications émergentes des ondes Térahertz
Authors: Pavel Ilarion
Published: July 2021

Dans cet article, sont passées en revue les propriétés remarquables des ondes térahertz (THz), qui les rendent appropriées pour une grande diversité d’applications, ainsi que les diverses technologies nécessaires pour la mise au point de sources et de détecteurs dans la perspective d’une industrialisation de ces applications. En conclusion de cet article, sont donnés quelques éléments relatifs au marché du THz et un bref aperçu de la situation de la R&D en France.
La génodique : de l’émergence d’un nouveau champ scientifique à sa validation sur le terrain, puis sur celui académique
Authors: Ferrandiz Pedro
Published: July 2021

Dans cet article, est décrite l’histoire d’une découverte dont les effets concrets sont observables et répétés, mais dont s’est détournée pendant des décennies la curiosité des cercles académiques, du fait de son étrangeté et de l’insuffisante élucidation des phénomènes en cause. En parallèle, la Chine et l’Inde, pour ne citer que ces pays, ont développé des dispositifs similaires à grande échelle, sans être plus avancées, voire peut-être en l’étant encore moins dans la compréhension profonde desdits phénomènes. À travers le récit de cette histoire, se pose la question des modes de reconnaissance des ruptures en matière de connaissance scientifique. Ce récit montre aussi que les sciences sont avant tout une aventure humaine.
Des crédits carbone au service du développement africain
Authors: Villette Michel
Published: July 2021

Il est vital de reboiser les zones arides du Sénégal et de fournir aux villageois des moyens d’améliorer leurs cultures afin qu’ils disposent de revenus suffisants pour échapper à la migration forcée vers les villes. Ces deux impératifs sont la raison d’être de l’association IRRIGASC et de l’entreprise éponyme. À l’origine de ce projet, une technique d’irrigation qui facilite la croissance des jeunes arbres fruitiers dans les zones arides. D’abord difficilement financés par le mécénat d’entreprise, les projets d’aménagement agricole deviennent à partir de 2021 des puits de crédits carbone. Des entreprises investissent dans la plantation et l’irrigation. S’ils survivent au-delà de cinq ans, les arbres ainsi cultivés rapporteront des crédits carbone négociables tous les cinq ans, c’est-à-dire à chaque audit. La démarche apporte des avantages équilibrés entre les trois partenaires : les multinationales récupèrent à terme des crédits carbone en retour de leur investissement ; la société IRRIGASC se rémunère pour la gestion et l’animation du projet ; et les paysans disposent gratuitement des moyens techniques pour faire pousser des arbres fruitiers dont ils pourront revendre la production.
On the number of invariant measures for random expanding maps in higher dimensions
Authors: Batayneh Fawwaz , González-Tokman Cecilia
Published: July 2021

In [22], Jabłoński proved that a piecewise expanding \begin{document}$ C^{2} $\end{document} multidimensional Jabłoński map admits an absolutely continuous invariant probability measure (ACIP). In [6], Boyarsky and Lou extended this result to the case of i.i.d. compositions of the above maps, with an on average expanding condition. We generalize these results to the (quenched) setting of random Jabłoński maps, where the randomness is governed by an ergodic, invertible and measure preserving transformation. We prove that the skew product associated to this random dynamical system admits a finite number of ergodic ACIPs. Furthermore, we provide two different upper bounds on the number of mutually singular ergodic ACIPs, motivated by the works of Buzzi [9] in one dimension and Góra, Boyarsky and Proppe [19] in higher dimensions.
Modeling the influence of human population and human population augmented pollution on rainfall
Authors: Misra A. K. , Agrawal Gauri , Lata Kusum
Published: July 2021

Worldwide, human population is increasing continuously and this has magnified the level of pollutants in the environment. Pollutants affect the human population as well as the environmental ecology including rainfall. Here, we formulate a mathematical model comprising ordinary differential equations to see the effect of human population and pollution caused by human population on the dynamics of rainfall. In the modeling process, it is assumed that the augmentation in the density of human population increases the concentration of pollutants; however, decreases the rate of formation of cloud droplets. It is also assumed that pollutants have negative impact on human population and affect the precipitation. The feasibility of all equilibrium and their stability properties are discussed. Further, to capture the effect of environmental randomness, the proposed model is also analyzed by incorporating white noise terms. For the proposed stochastic model, we have established the existence and uniqueness of global positive solution. It is also shown that system possesses a unique stationary distribution with some restrictions. The model analysis reveals that rainfall may decrease or increase due to the anthropogenic emission of pollutants in the atmospheric environment. Finally, for the validation of analytical findings, numerical simulations are presented.
Du sable, des plantes, des microorganismes, des gens. Un regard anthropologique sur l’érosion côtière à l’archipel de la Maddalena (Italie) et sur des politiques situées
Authors: Paradiso Cecilia
Published: July 2021

Le cas d’érosion côtière traité par cet article se manifeste sur les plages du Parc national de l’archipel de la Maddalena, en Sardaigne, au cœur d’une zone touristique de renommée internationale. Ce terrain de recherche a permis d’analyser les relations entre la conservation de l’environnement et les enjeux de développement économique, dans un contexte territorial donné, au croisement entre des dynamiques socioécologiques qui traversent échelles et plans multiples. Grâce à l’observation ethnographique, il est possible de considérer les expériences de conservation environnementale en tant que résultat d’adaptations, tantôt aux mots d’ordre venant de l’arène globale, tantôt aux agendas locaux. Il sera ici question d’interroger les points de vue et les priorités d’une pluralité d’acteurs, impliqués à différents titres dans la réglementation des espaces littoraux. Ces personnes sont profondément engagées dans des contextes historiques et sociaux que l’on se doit de prendre en compte, afin de comprendre les complexités des enjeux présents. Proposant de porter une attention fine aux différents connaissances et milieux, ainsi qu’à l’incommensurabilité des entendements en jeu, des apports venant de l’anthropologie et de la sociologie pragmatique aident à analyser les controverses environnementales, sans pour autant se préfixer de les reconduire à un cadre axiologique univoque. Le cas étudié invite à penser les dimensions politiques des incertitudes environnementales, à l’interface entre les phénomènes socioécologiques, les indéterminations qui émergent des connaissances scientifiques, l’élaboration des politiques et les enjeux politico-économiques et historiques.
Marqueurs territoriaux ou marqueurs patrimoniaux : l’appropriation de l’espace marin coutumier au sahel tunisien face aux disruptions des récentes logiques environnementales de l’État
Authors: Sallemi Racha
Published: July 2021

Les concepts des savoirs autochtones et locaux prônés dans les forums internationaux sur le développement durable tendent à s’imposer comme le paradigme contemporain de la protection de la biodiversité. Leur intégration au sein des processus de création et de gestion des aires marines protégées (AMP) peut être considérée comme un moyen d’atteindre les objectifs spécifiés de la gestion intégrée. À partir de l’exemple du premier projet d’AMP en Tunisie localisé autour des îles Kuriat au sahel tunisien (littoral centre-est), cet article en analyse les niveaux d’acceptabilité à la lumière d’une approche transdisciplinaire (géographie, histoire, sociologie, ethnologie) des niveaux d’ancrage des pêcheurs à l’espace halieutique, à travers notamment leurs savoirs locaux. Des savoirs de natures multiples qui concernent l’environnement marin, la biologie de la faune/flore marine et les techniques de prélèvement de la ressource halieutique. Entre rupture et continuité d’usage de ces savoirs, cet article décrit la hiérarchisation qui s’est mise en place au sein des pêcheurs à travers l’évolution historique des techniques de pêche mais aussi à travers un jeu d’appropriation et de désappropriation de l’espace marin. Ce processus a conduit à la constitution d’une élite puissante dont les revendications d’accès à la ressource évoluent en dehors de tout cadre institutionnel et constituent un frein au projet d’AMP. Un cadre qui demeure marqué par une faible pénétration des approches participatives, étant donné la nature autoritaire des modes d’action de l’État ainsi que la pesanteur des trajectoires socio-politiques locales malgré les changements « démocratiques » induits par la révolution en Tunisie.
Raison d’agir des écologistes océaniques : du golfe de Biscaye à la mer de Patagonie
Authors: Villain Milo
Published: July 2021

On observe actuellement l’existence d’un grand mouvement écologiste planétaire en défense des océans. Nous avançons l’idée que ce sont les expériences militantes individuelles qui permettent de comprendre le sens de ce mouvement écologiste, et in fine de nous renseigner un peu plus sur la subjectivité et l’éthique de l’individu contemporain. L’étude porte sur les membres d’organisations écologistes associatives et citoyennes de types organisation non gouvernementales (ONG) ayant recours à des actions ou des campagnes en faveur des océans, comme Greenpeace, Sea Shepherd, ou encore la Surfrider Foundation. Au regard de cette réalité, le principal questionnement qui nous anime et auquel nous essayons de répondre est le suivant : quelles sont les motivations de ces militants pour défendre l’océan? Nos recherches montrent en quoi les mobilisations observées sont avant tout régies par une logique de subjectivation, où l’éthique et le rapport au monde et à l’océan des militants sont des composantes incontournables.
L’activité de pêche artisanale au sud de la Méditerranée : gouvernance, dynamique socio-économique et enjeux environnementaux dans le port algérien de Jijel (Boudis)
Authors: Zaimen Fouad , Ghodbani Tarik , Vermeren Hugo
Published: July 2021

La pêche est l’une des activités socio-économiques les plus importantes en Méditerranée et particulièrement au Maghreb. En Algérie, elle est devenue, ces dernières décennies, un secteur d’emploi de premier plan pour une large frange de la population côtière. L’exploitation de la mer représente également l’une des principales ressources en protéine animale pour la majorité des habitants du littoral. Cet article se veut une contribution à l’analyse des enjeux socio-économiques de la pêche en relation avec deux principaux aspects : le premier est le mode de gouvernance des ressources naturelles côtières, le second le contexte de fragilité des écosystèmes côtiers caractérisant la mer méditerranéenne. Nous nous basons, pour notre travail, sur l’étude du port de pêche de Jijel (Boudis), considéré comme l’une des plus importantes infrastructures de pêche sur la façade maritime est de l’Algérie. Ce port a connu de profondes transformations en raison des investissements publics massifs pour le développement des infrastructures portuaires dans le cadre d’une politique nationale de relance économique. L’action publique a dynamisé son influence régionale, soutenant la commercialisation des produits de la mer sur tout le littoral de l’est algérien et dans les territoires de l’intérieur. La modernisation du port a accompagné l’amélioration des transports et des circuits de revente des ressources halieutiques, cependant la gouvernance de l’activité de pêche à Jijel ne parvient pas à répondre aux multiples contraintes d’ordre écologique, économique et social.
Mesures des plaisirs sensoriels des visiteurs du jardin botanique d’Alger au cours des journées chaudes
Authors: Atik Tarik , Boussoualim Aicha , Mehaoued Karima
Published: July 2021

Se balader dans les jardins en période estivale est une distraction appréciée par de nombreuses personnes, en raison des plaisirs sensoriels éprouvés et du microclimat rafraichi de ces espaces. Le jardin botanique d’Alger connait cet engouement par de nombreux visiteurs en quête de nature et de contentement. Cependant, quelle serait l’influence des différents paramètres sensoriels en bien-être des promeneurs durant les journées chaudes de l’été ? Le présent article s’intéresse à l’étude des alliesthésies des visiteurs d’un jardin botanique, en tant qu’émotions positives ayant une importante contribution en bien-être subjectif. Cet apport a été étudié en utilisant les techniques de l’observation, les enquêtes, les tests d’auto-évaluation. Une attention particulière a été portée à l’alliesthésie thermique pour le contexte des journées chaudes. De ce fait, les mesures climatiques ont été menées et croisées avec les résultats des tests d’auto-évaluation, et des parcours commentés. Cette recherche a permis de proposer un indice de bien-être subjectif basé sur l’état des plaisirs multi-sensoriels, et de présenter une carte des alliesthésies thermiques. Les résultats ont montré différentes appréciations des plaisirs sensoriels dans les espaces étudiés du jardin, ce qui a influencé l’évaluation de leurs indices de bien-être subjectif
Modes de vie et environnement
Authors: Juan Salvador
Published: July 2021

Beaucoup d’auteurs considèrent le changement des modes de vie, vers plus de « durabilité », comme une condition essentielle de la transition écologique. Mais une définition claire du vocable de mode de vie, souvent confondu avec celui de style de vie, n’est jamais donnée. Or, la distinction de ces vocables est importante pour comprendre les diverses contraintes qui rigidifient la vie quotidienne et conduisent à l’inefficacité des projets de réforme écologique de la consommation et des usages ordinaires. Cet article explique pourquoi, et montre que le niveau d’analyse des genres de vie permettrait une action publique mieux ciblée au plan catégoriel et donc un changement écologique des pratiques plus acceptables socialement.
Evolution actuelle du modèle urbain colonial français à travers la place et les fonctions du végétal dans la ville de Toliara (Sud-Ouest Madagascar)
Authors: Taïbi Aude Nuscia , El Hannani Mustapha , Rejo-Fienena Félicitée
Published: July 2021

L’analyse de la typologie, des fonctions et de la dynamique d’évolution du végétal dans la ville de Toliara, en zone semi-aride chaude du Sud-ouest malgache, permet de mettre en évidence les enjeux spécifiques du végétal en ville en pays du sud depuis la période coloniale française. L’analyse in situ (approche paysagère en 2016) et par télédétection (photographie aérienne de 1949 et image Spot de 2015) permet de saisir les logiques privées et publiques de choix des essences, d’organisation et de gestion du végétal, avant, pendant et après la période coloniale, qui marque fortement le modèle de végétalisation urbaine actuel.
Acute Cerebellitis Associated with Dengue Fever
Authors: Venugopal K. , Huggi Vishwanath , Bharathraj M. Y. , Lingaraja Mudegoudara , Ganiger Manjunath , Suresh C.
Published: July 2021

Dengue fever is caused by dengue virus of Flavivirus family transmitted by Aedes aegypti. It causes acute febrile illness with various constitutional symptoms with bleeding manifestations and shock in some instances. Neurological involvement has been frequently reported reported. However, cerebellar involvement is very rare. Here we report a case of 32-year-old male patient presented with fever of 8 days, giddiness, unsteadiness of gait with swaying to the right, slurring of speech and incoordination. Diagnosis of acute cerebellitis was made, and involvement of the cerebellum in this patient was attributed to dengue fever. Patient treated for dengue fever, cerebellar symptoms were gradually improved in the course of hospital stay. He got discharged and on follow-up there was complete resolution of cerebellitis.
Deciphering the Role of Autophagy in Heart Failure
Authors: Ajoolabady Amir , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Klionsky Daniel J. , Ren Jun
Published: July 2021

Heart failure (HF) refers to a progressive pathological condition when cardiac muscles fail to pump adequate blood supply (cardiac output) to meet the metabolic demand of the body. Among various cellular and molecular mechanisms identified for the onset and progression of HF, autophagy dysregulation is increasingly getting recognized. Autophagy is a natural cellular process that is observed in almost all eukaryotic cells. Autophagy removes damaged/long-lived organelles, protein aggregates, and unwanted cellular compomemts via forming autophagosomes then fusing with lysosomes. Although mild-to-moderate induction of autophagy is deemed cytoprotective and adaptive, excessive or unchecked induction of autophagy can be detrimental and maladaptive. Both adaptive and maladaptive autophagy play a vital role in the pathophysiology of HF. In the current review, we provide an overview of autophagy regulation in HF and possible strategies targeting autophagy for the management of HF.
Endoscopic Orbital Transposition for Inverted Papilloma in an Unusually Large Supra Orbital Ethmoidal Cell
Authors: Felix Vinod , Vivek Mariappan , Narendrakumar Veerasigamani
Published: July 2021

The management of inverted papilloma involving frontal sinus and supraorbital ethmoidal cells is still challenging even for the well-trained rhinologists. These cases sometimes require an external approach, but now with the technique of endoscopic orbital transposition many such cases are handled effectively endonasally. Here in our case report, we are describing an unusually large supraorbital ethmoidal cell, which has pneumatized all the way above the orbit, from the frontal sinus to the anterior clinoid process and hence with the optic nerve lying inside this cell. We will be describing how we still could tackle this endoscopically with the modified endoscopic Lothrop and orbital transposition.
A Case of Cystic Hygroma in Adults and Its Management
Authors: Jayabal Pandiaraja
Published: July 2021

Cystic hygroma is a congenital abnormality due to lymphoid sequestration in the sac. Incidence of cystic hygroma in adult is rarely report. It is most commonly present in posterior triangle as cystic mass. Even in adult patient, any cystic lesion present in posterior triangle cystic hygroma should be considered one of the differential diagnoses. Here, we present a rare occurrence of cystic hygroma in adult male patient present as cystic lesion. This case is reported for its adult presentation and discusses the management for cystic hygroma.
Hijab Pin
Authors: Shakrawal Neha , Choudhury Bikram , Soni Kapil , Kaushal Darwin , Goyal Amit
Published: July 2021

Foreign-body aspiration is a serious and deadly event which can lead to major complications. This is more common in children and if not promptly managed, can lead to significant complications. We here report a rare case of hijab pin inhalation into the trachea which migrated to the carina in a 3-year-old child which was successfully removed by rigid bronchoscopy.
Is There an Association between the Anteroinferior Cerebellar Artery Vascular Loop and Asymmetrical Sensorineural Hearing Loss?
Authors: Bhatia Abhijeet , Phukan Pranjal , Sharma Barun , Polley Goutam
Published: July 2021

Background:

Asymmetrical sensorineural hearing loss is usually idiopathic. Vascular loops are commonly implicated in compression disorders involving lower cranial nerves, which can be relieved on surgical decompression. However, the cause–effect relationship between vestibulocochlear symptoms and vascular loops is still controversial.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to look for an association between the presence of anteroinferior cerebellar artery (AICA) loops and asymmetrical sensorineural hearing loss of unknown etiology.

Methods:

Twenty-four patients with complaints of asymmetrical hearing loss of no discernible cause underwent a magnetic resonance imaging of the brain between August 2015 and August 2017. The AICA loops were graded using two classifications, namely Chavda classification and a grading system proposed by Adam Gorrie et al. (second classification). The vascular loops were correlated with the presence of hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo.

Results:

Hearing loss did not correlate significantly with the vascular loops on grading with either Chavda or the second classification. The presence of tinnitus or vertigo too did not correlate significantly with the grading of vascular loops. The caliber of AICA too did not correlate significantly with hearing loss.

Conclusion:

Vascular loops do not appear to be associated with asymmetrical hearing loss and other cochleovestibular symptoms.
Impact of Adenoidectomy/Adenotonsillectomy on Hearing Threshold and Middle Ear Pressure
Authors: Somayaji K. S. , Fathima A. , Saimanohar S.
Published: July 2021

Introduction:

Enlarged adenoids may cause obstruction of the nasopharynx and blockage of the Eustachian tube and thereby preventing ventilation of the middle ear – mastoid system. It can also act as a reservoir for bacteria causing frequent middle ear infections. This study was done to assess the middle ear pressure (MEP) and hearing threshold before and after adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty-four children aged between 4 and 12 years undergoing adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy were included in the study. Pure tone audiometry (PTA) and impedance audiometry were done preoperatively and postoperatively twice, on the 2nd day and at 6th week to assess the changes in hearing threshold and MEP. Statistical analysis was done using paired t-test and Chi-square test to determine the changes in hearing threshold and MEP. P < 0.05 was found to be statistically significant.

Results:

Of the 54 patients (108 ears) studied, 26 ears (24%) showed air–fluid level and 19 ears (17.6%) had dull-retracted tympanic membrane. The mean preoperative PTA value was 15.95 ± 8.19 dB. The mean preoperative MEP value was −63.69 ± 88.9 mm H2O. Postoperatively on 2nd postday, both the values were higher and at 6th week, there was an improvement as compared to preoperative and immediate postoperative values. At 6th week postoperatively, it was also observed that 52 children had tympanogram as type A, confirming the improvement in MEP. All these changes were statistically significant (P < 0.005).

Conclusion:

Adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy alone does improve the Eustachian tube function, especially in otitis media with effusion. Myringotomy with grommet insertion may not be necessary in all the cases.
Closure of Irradiated Tracheocutaneous Fistula with Pectoralis Major Muscle Flap and Split Skin Graft
Authors: Taliat George , Gogi Abhijit , Mohan Kumaraswamy
Published: July 2021

Tracheocutaneous fistula in an irradiated neck is often difficult to manage. Simple closure often leads to dehiscence and recurrence. We present a patient with supraglottic carcinoma, postradiotherapy, who presented with a persistent trachea-cutaneous fistula. We excised the fistula along with surrounding indurated tissue and covered the defect adequately with skin graft for tracheal lining and pectoralis muscle flap as a muscle cover. Fistula was closed and wound healed well. There was no recurrence of fistula as evidenced with indirect laryngoscopy. Pectoralis major flap is a well-vascularized flap that can be used to cover defects in anterior lower neck. Simple skin graft with a cover of muscle flap was enough to give adequate tracheal lining.
Middle Ear Surgery and Taste Dysfunction
Authors: Patil Basavaraj , Rajguru Renu , Raghavan Dilip , Singh Inderdeep , Naga Rahul
Published: July 2021

Introduction:

Middle ear surgery involves handling of chorda tympani nerve. Patients after middle ear surgery may complain of taste disturbance and lingual numbness. Clinical testing of taste is not a test which is routinely performed in ENT Clinics. Consequently, the prevalence of postoperative taste dysfunction remains largely unknown.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to determine taste function in patients before and after middle ear surgery with a clinically suitable test and to find out the factors which determine the extent of taste dysfunction.

Setting:

The study design involves tertiary care hospital.

Materials and Methods:

This was a prospective observational study conducted from October 2017 to October 2019 in the ENT department of a tertiary care hospital. Hundred patients undergoing middle ear surgery fulfilling the inclusion criteria were considered as the study population. All patients underwent assessment of taste thrice: the day before the operation, seventh postoperative day and at 3 weeks after surgery by administering three kinds of taste testing solutions for testing sour, sweet, and salty taste in varying concentrations. Scoring was done and tabulated followed by statistical analysis.

Results:

Nineteen (19.0%) participants had taste disturbance after undergoing middle ear surgery. The factors which influenced whether injury to the chorda tympani causes tastes dysfunction included the age of the patient, extent of the injury, type of middle ear disease, and the type of surgery done.

Conclusions:

Patients undergoing middle ear surgery may exhibit taste dysfunction. However, in the majority of the cases, this goes unnoticed by the patient and is transitory. The sense of taste has a great capacity to compensate after partial dysfunction. However, preoperative information to the patients regarding the existence of potential taste disturbance, and that it is transitory usually, but is untreatable if persistent, may prevent any medicolegal problems later.
Long-term study of topographic changes following pulsed accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking in progressive keratoconus
Authors: Gaafar Ahmed M. , Azzam Sarah A. , Salah El-Din Yehia M. , Sherif Ahmed M.
Published: July 2021

Purpose

To evaluate long-term stability following pulsed accelerated cross-linking (CXL) in patients with progressive keratoconus by studying the changes in corneal topography.

Patients and methods

A retrospective study was conducted on patients with progressive grades 1–3 keratoconus who underwent epithelium-off pulsed-light accelerated corneal CXL (30 mW/cm2 for 8 min) using the KXL system (Avedro Inc.). Follow-up period was 12–36 months. Topographic changes including maximum keratometry (Kmax), minimum keratometry (Kmin), topographic cylinder, central corneal thickness, and thinnest point (TP) were recorded and analyzed.

Results

A total of 72 eyes of 38 patients were included. The 12-month results showed significant reduction in Kmin (P=0.038), central corneal thickness (P<0.001), and TP (P<0.001). At 24 and 36 months, there were no significant changes in corneal topography, except for reduction in TP (P=0.024 and 0.002, respectively).

Conclusion

Pulsed accelerated CXL is an effective long-term method of arresting keratoconus progression.
Effect of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on ophthalmology practice in Kasr Al Ainy Hospital, Cairo University
Authors: Eissa Mohamed G. , Salah Shaymaa H. , Abdelbaki Ahmed
Published: July 2021

Purpose

To discuss the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on ophthalmology practice and share our experience to ensure a continual ophthalmology service to the patients at Cairo University Hospital.

Patients and methods

This is a retrospective study. Administrative measures taken to address challenges in different ophthalmology care settings during this pandemic are discussed. These include infection control measures, logistics, and manpower strategies. The effect of these measures on the number of ocular surgeries performed are analyzed in comparison with the same period of the last year. The records of all patients who underwent ocular surgeries between mid-March and mid-July 2020 at Kasr Al Ainy Hospital are compared with the records of patients who had ocular surgeries in the same time frame in 2019.

Results

The total number of elective surgical cases in the period of COVID-19 lockdown (2020) was 392 in comparison with 2470 during the same period last year. The decrease was statistically significant (P=0.0035). Intravitreal injection for macular edema was the most common indication of elective surgeries during the lockdown. The total number of emergency cases operated in the period of COVID-19 lockdown was 733 in comparison with 959 during the same period last year. The difference was not statistically significant (P=0.40). Repair of globe rupture was the most common indication of emergency surgeries.

Conclusion

Our protocol was able to provide sight-saving measures needed in many patients during this outbreak. With COVID-19 is expected to continue for a long time, we need to revise our protocols to improve the service presented to the patients especially those with nonurgent conditions, while maintaining the safety of both patients and health care workers.
Comparing the knowledge and awareness of cervical and breast cancer among medical and nonmedical students of a private institution in South India
Authors: Sajan Achsah Susan , Eldhose Sara Rose , Kandasamy Krishnaveni , Ramanathan Sambathkumar
Published: July 2021

Context:

Cervical and breast cancer is the most leading cause of death among women globally. Cervical and breast cancer can be cured if detected early.

Aims:

The aim of the study was to compare the knowledge and awareness of cervical and breast cancer among medical and nonmedical students of a private institution in South India.

Settings and Design:

A cross-sectional study was done on 600 female students of a private institution comprising both medical and nonmedical for a period of 6 months.

Subjects and Methods:

A study was done to assess the awareness and knowledge on cervical and breast cancer by using a standardized questionnaire.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The data were statistically analyzed with Mann–Whitney test by using GraphPad prism.

Results:

Out of the 600 female students, there were each of 300 female students in medical and nonmedical. Majority of the student population was seen in 17–19 years: 143 (47.6%) in medical and 206 (68.6%) in nonmedical. A total of 235 (78.3%) medical students have heard of cervical cancer and its screening (164 [54.6%]). Many nonmedical students have never heard of cervical cancer (248 [82.6%]) and its screening (283 [94.3%]). Nearly 61% of the medical students and 1.1% nonmedical have heard of Pap smear. Both medical students (276 [92%]) and nonmedical students (179 [53.2%]) were aware of the breast cancer but have less awareness about the age of occurrence. Awareness on breast self-examination was poor among medical (137 [45.6%]) and nonmedical (19 [5.6%]) students. The P < 0.0001 (<0.05) showed a statistically significant difference between the medical and nonmedical students.

Conclusions:

Through the findings of our study, we analyzed that the knowledge and awareness of cervical and breast cancer among medical students was better than that of the nonmedical students.
Mimosa pudica
Authors: Khan Firoz Naem , Zaidi Kamal Uddin , Tenguria Rajesh Kumar , Thawani Vijay
Published: July 2021

Introduction:

Arsenic contamination in soil and its environmental effects have been studied for its global impact around the globe.

Materials and Methods:

This study evaluated the role of five plant species collected from arsenic-contaminated sites in in vitro phytoremediation of arsenic and its correlation with rhizobacteria under hydroponic conditions using high-performance liquid chromatography -ICP.

Results:

Mimosa pudica showed the ability to uptake arsenic with/ without Rhizobium.

Conclusion:

It is concluded that rhizosphere microbiota helps plants to increase arsenic uptake and may be utilized as an efficient biological alternative in phytoremediation.
Causes of Mortality and Morbidity among Neonates Admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Ladakh, India
Authors: Murtaza Mohd , Ali Md. Niamat , Khan Ishfaq Shafi , Zargar Mahrukh Hameed
Published: July 2021

Background:

The first month of life is the most important and hazardous as neonates are prone to a number of infections and obstacles. This hospital-based prospective study was conducted for two years from June 1, 2017, to May 31, 2019, in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of District Hospital, Kargil-Ladakh.

Aims and Objective:

The aim of this study is to analyze the causes of morbidity and mortality among neonates in the tribal population of Ladakh region. The final diagnosis of the patients was made mainly on clinical grounds by pediatricians with the help of available necessary laboratory investigations.

Results:

During the period of 2 years, a total of 686 neonates were admitted to the NICU of district hospital Kargil. Out of the 686 neonates, 57.1% were male and 42.8% female with a ratio of 1.34:1. Of the admitted neonates, 68.8% were inborn and 31.1% were outborn babies. Of them, 628 (91.5%) neonates were discharged, two left against medical advice, four were referred to a specialty hospital in Kashmir valley, and 52 (7.5%) died. Of the 52 expired neonates, 27 (51.9%) were male and 25 (48%) were female. Thirty-seven were inborn and delivered at a district hospital, while 15 were born outside the district hospital. The major causes of morbidity among neonates in NICU were preterm with low birth weight (36.5%), neonatal sepsis (19.2%), meconium aspiration syndrome (19.2%), birth asphyxia (13.4%), and intrauterine growth restriction (5.7%).

Conclusion:

We found prematurity, neonatal sepsis, meconium aspiration syndrome, and asphyxia to be the common causes of mortality in neonates. Most of these problems can be prevented by improving the quality of the concerned health units, improved maternal care, timely intervention, and timely referral to tertiary care hospitals in high-risk situations.
Sickle Cell Crisis as a Cause of Death over the Past 10 Years in Vidarbha Region
Authors: Singh Shikha , Patil Bharat , Gangane Nitin M.
Published: July 2021

Background:

Sickle cell disease is a heritable disorder having an autosomal recessive inheritance. The disease arises as a consequence of a single base mutation in the sixth codon of the β-globin gene, which leads to an interchange of valine for glutamic acid.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to provide an insight to physicians about sickle cell disease being a cause of sudden demise, so that future unexpected deaths due to complications can be avoided.

Materials and Methods:

This study is a retrospective study conducted over a period of ten years from January 2010 to December 2019. The data was collected from the hospital information system of our institute. A total of 18 cases were collected over a period of ten years. The respective case related findings along with past history were reviewed.

Results:

Out of 18 cases, 11 cases were males and 7 were females. The youngest person was a nine-year old male and oldest was a 65-year-old male. Four cases were known patients of sickle cell disease, while in the remaining cases no history of sickle cell disease was available.

Conclusions:

Sickle cell crisis is an important reason of sudden unexplained deaths and this study highlights the role of autopsy in such cases.
Griscelli Syndrome Type 3 in Three Non-Identical Siblings
Authors: Dey Vivek Kumar , Saxena Animesh , Sharma Somya , Gour Anil
Published: July 2021

Griscelli syndrome (GS) is a fatal autosomal recessive condition characterized by genetic mutation in the intracellular melanosome transport system leading to congenital partial albinism with neurological and/or immunological involvement. It is classified into three subtypes. We present here a case of a 13-year-old girl along with her two siblings (7-year-old male and 9-year-old female) who presented with complaints of gradual onset of pigmentation of the skin with silvery grey hair, eyebrows, and eyelashes since birth. All three cases were diagnosed as GS Type 3 on the basis of clinical presentation, family history, absence of any systemic abnormality, and characteristic microscopic findings of the hair shaft and skin biopsy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first-ever report of three non-identical siblings of GS Type 3, which is a rare syndrome. GS type 3 needs no active intervention except for regular follow-up.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh
Published: July 2021

The ongoing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has finally been declared as a pandemic not only because of the caseload and the geographical distribution, but also because of the expectation that the prevailing trends suggest that the number of cases, attributed deaths and also the number of affected nations is expected to increase further. Amidst all these alarming developments, it becomes an important priority for the health professionals and stakeholders to ensure that school children and educational facilities are protected adequately. There is a need to ensure that measures are taken in school settings to prevent the entry and spread of the causative virus through those individuals who might have been exposed to it. In conclusion, the current trends suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic is there to stay and affect a greater number of individuals and nations. Amidst all these health concerns, it becomes our responsibility to not only safeguard the health status of school-going students, but also ensure that their learning is not affected and thus a balanced and an evidence-based approach is the need of the hour.
Prevalence of Anaemia and Compliance to Weekly Iron-Folic acid Supplementation Programme amongst Adolescents in Selected Schools of Urban Puducherry, India
Authors: Wangaskar Sneha Anil , Sahu Swaroop Kumar , Majella Marie Gilbert , Rajaa Sathish
Published: July 2021

Context:

Adolescents constitutes 21% of total Indian population. Iron deficiency anaemia has remained as a major nutritional problem amongst adolescents. To overcome this problem, Government of India started weekly iron-folic acid supplementation (WIFS) in 2012.

Aims:

Amongst adolescents in selected schools of urban Puducherry, to determine the prevalence of anaemia, proportion of those compliant to WIFS and to assess the sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with anaemia and compliance to WIFS.

Subjects and Methods:

A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted amongst school-going adolescents (10–18 years) in selected schools of Urban Puducherry. Data were collected using semi-structured, self-administered and pretested questionnaire. Haemoglobin estimation was done using a digital haemoglobinometer. Details regarding intake of iron and albendazole tablets were recorded. The anaemia status was evaluated as per World Health Organization guidelines.

Results:

The prevalence of anaemia was found to be 62.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 58.2–67.0). Proportion having mild, moderate and severe anaemia were 27.3%, 32.5% and 2.8% respectively. The proportion of adolescents compliant to WIFS was 67.7%. Late adolescents were significantly more associated with anaemia (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]: 1.7 95% CI: 1.0–3.0) as compared to early adolescents. Males were more compliant to iron-folic acid (IFA) tablets (aPR 1.4 95% CI: 1.0–1.8).

Conclusions:

More than half of adolescents were anaemic. This study emphasises on the fact that stricter supervision by teachers will result in better compliance to WIFS program. Strategies to improve WIFS compliance, imparting knowledge regarding IFA intake and involvement of school teachers will help to tackle anaemia amongst adolescents.
Comparative evaluation of centrifuged liquid-based cytology method over conventional brush cytology in normal oral mucosa
Authors: Arunachalam M. , Gunasekaran Nandhini , Rajkumar K. , Thayalan Dinesh Kumar , Dinakaran J. , Bharanidharan R.
Published: July 2021

Introduction:

Liquid-based cytology (LBC) is a new monolayer slide preparation method introduced to overcome the limitations of conventional Papanicolaou (PAP) smears which is used in cancer screening. The study was aimed to compare the efficacy of modified technique, centrifuged LBC (CLBC) with that of conventional brush cytology in normal oral mucosa.

Materials and Methods:

Two smears were obtained from 100 cases of normal mucosa using a cytobrush. One smear was spread on to the slide by conventional technique, and the other smear was prepared by CLBC. Regular PAP staining was done for both the smears. Both the smears were evaluated for cellularity, cell distribution, cellular overlapping, cell elongation, and cellular background and were graded using the grading criteria. Mann–Whitney U-test was used, and P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The mean score of the criterias was found to be more desirable in CLBC than conventional technique, but there was no statistical significance found.

Conclusions:

LBC offers a significant advantage over conventional smear preparation in most of the criteria to advocate its use for routine diagnostic and mass screening procedures.
Denture-induced fibrous hyperplasia with minor salivary gland changes - A case report
Authors: Muthulakshmi Chandrasekar , Subramanian Shruthi , Ji Shyam Sharma , Rengabasiyam Sirenjivi , Sundaram Shwetha Meenakshi , Divya Bose
Published: July 2021

Denture-induced fibrous hyperplasia or epulis fissuratum refers to reactive tissue alteration occurring in response to trauma and chronic irritation due to the badly fitted prosthesis. Pathologic changes observed in the oral mucosa may vary depending on the severity of trauma to the mucosa. Trauma to minor salivary glands caused by the impingement of denture flanges can result in chronic sialadenitis. In this article, we discuss a case of denture-induced fibrous hyperplasia with prominent minor salivary gland changes in a Male patient of age 63 years.
Envisioning forensic odontology under a new light
Authors: Shirolkar Supreet , Gayen Khooshbu , Sarkar Subir , Saha Subrata
Published: July 2021

Forensic dentistry is an emerging field of science and it incorporates a wider scope for growth. It has developed itself as an important science in medical and legal matters and in the identification of the deceased person or an abuse victim. Forensic identification often requires an interdisciplinary approach. A pedodontist can help a forensic odontologist by applying their skills for recognition and reporting of child abuse and neglect, age assessment, bitemark analysis, and labeling of appliances that could provide vital clues for person identification. The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry has prepared a guideline for record keeping that may provide pedodontist the information to accurately compile the records that will help the investigators. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of evolving trends in conventional methods and newer techniques and to discuss the role of pedodontist and how it can contribute to procedures needed for investigation in forensic odontology.