bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A genetics-first approach to understanding autism and schizophrenia spectrum disorders: the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Fiksinski Ania M. , Hoftman Gil D. , Vorstman Jacob A. S. , Bearden Carrie E.
Published: October 2022

Recently, increasing numbers of rare pathogenic genetic variants have been identified that are associated with variably elevated risks of a range of neurodevelopmental outcomes, notably including Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD), and Intellectual Disability (ID). This review is organized along three main questions: First, how can we unify the exclusively descriptive basis of our current psychiatric diagnostic classification system with the recognition of an identifiable, highly penetrant genetic risk factor in an increasing proportion of patients with ASD or SSD? Second, what can be learned from studies of individuals with ASD or SSD who share a common genetic basis? And third, what accounts for the observed variable penetrance and pleiotropy of neuropsychiatric phenotypes in individuals with the same pathogenic variant? In this review, we focus on findings of clinical and preclinical studies of the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). This particular variant is not only one of the most common among the increasing list of known rare pathogenic variants, but also one that benefits from a relatively long research history. Consequently, 22q11DS is an appealing model as it allows us to: (1) elucidate specific genotype–phenotype associations, (2) prospectively study behaviorally defined classifications, such as ASD or SSD, in the context of a known, well-characterized genetic basis, and (3) elucidate mechanisms underpinning variable penetrance and pleiotropy, phenomena with far-reaching ramifications for research and clinical practice. We discuss how findings from animal and in vitro studies relate to observations in human studies and can help elucidate factors, including genetic, environmental, and stochastic, that impact the expression of neuropsychiatric phenotypes in 22q11DS, and how this may inform mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental expression in the general population. We conclude with research priorities for the field, which may pave the way for novel therapeutics.
Glutamate and GABAA receptor crosstalk mediates homeostatic regulation of neuronal excitation in the mammalian brain
Authors: Wen Ya , Dong Zhifang , Liu Jun , Axerio-Cilies Peter , Du Yehong , Li Junjie , Chen Long , Zhang Lu , Liu Lidong , Lu Jie , Zhou Ning , Chuan Wu Dong , Wang Yu Tian
Published: October 2022

Maintaining a proper balance between the glutamate receptor-mediated neuronal excitation and the A type of GABA receptor (GABAAR) mediated inhibition is essential for brain functioning; and its imbalance contributes to the pathogenesis of many brain disorders including neurodegenerative diseases and mental illnesses. Here we identify a novel glutamate-GABAAR interaction mediated by a direct glutamate binding of the GABAAR. In HEK293 cells overexpressing recombinant GABAARs, glutamate and its analog ligands, while producing no current on their own, potentiate GABA-evoked currents. This potentiation is mediated by a direct binding at a novel glutamate binding pocket located at the α+/β− subunit interface of the GABAAR. Moreover, the potentiation does not require the presence of a γ subunit, and in fact, the presence of γ subunit significantly reduces the potency of the glutamate potentiation. In addition, the glutamate-mediated allosteric potentiation occurs on native GABAARs in rat neurons maintained in culture, as evidenced by the potentiation of GABAAR-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents and tonic currents. Most importantly, we found that genetic impairment of this glutamate potentiation in knock-in mice resulted in phenotypes of increased neuronal excitability, including decreased thresholds to noxious stimuli and increased seizure susceptibility. These results demonstrate a novel cross-talk between excitatory transmitter glutamate and inhibitory GABAAR. Such a rapid and short feedback loop between the two principal excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission systems may play a critical homeostatic role in fine-tuning the excitation-inhibition balance (E/I balance), thereby maintaining neuronal excitability in the mammalian brain under both physiological and pathological conditions.
Regulation of KDM5C stability and enhancer reprogramming in breast cancer
Authors: Xiao Qiong , Wang Chen-Yu , Gao Chuan , Chen Ji-Dong , Chen Jing-Jing , Wang Zhen , Ju Lin-Gao , Tang Shan-Bo , Yao Jie , Li Feng , Li Lian-Yun , Wu Min
Published: October 2022

Abnormality of enhancer regulation has emerged as one of the critical features for cancer cells. KDM5C is a histone H3K4 demethylase and frequently mutated in several types of cancer. It is critical for H3K4me3 and activity of enhancers, but its regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we identify TRIM11 as one ubiquitin E3 ligase for KDM5C. TRIM11 interacts with KDM5C, catalyzes K48-linked ubiquitin chain on KDM5C, and promotes KDM5C degradation through proteasome. TRIM11 deficiency in an animal model represses the growth of breast tumor and stabilizes KDM5C. In breast cancer patient tissues, TRIM11 is highly expressed and KDM5C is lower expressed, and their expression is negatively correlated. Mechanistically, TRIM11 regulates the enhancer activity of genes involved in cell migration and immune response by targeting KDM5C. TRIM11 and KDM5C regulate MCAM expression and cell migration through targeting H3K4me3 on MCAM enhancer. Taken together, our study reveals novel mechanisms for enhancer regulation during breast cancer tumorigenesis and development.
Assessing the digenic model in rare disorders using population sequencing data
Authors: Moreno-Ruiz Nerea ,   Genomics England Research Consortium, Ambrose J. C. , Arumugam P. , Baple E. L. , Bleda M. , Boardman-Pretty F. , Boissiere J. M. , Boustred C. R. , Brittain H. , Caulfield M. J. , Chan G. C. , Craig C. E. H. , Daugherty L. C. , de Burca A. , Devereau A. , Elgar G. , Foulger R. E. , Fowler T. , Furió-Tarí P. , Giess A. , Hackett J. M. , Halai D. , Hamblin A. , Henderson S. , Holman J. E. , Hubbard T. J. P. , Ibáñez K. , Jackson R. , Jones L. J. , Kasperaviciute D. , Kayikci M. , Kousathanas A. , Lahnstein L. , Lawson K. , Leigh S. E. A. , Leong I. U. S. , Lopez F. J. , Maleady-Crowe F. , Mason J. , McDonagh E. M. , Moutsianas L. , Mueller M. , Murugaesu N. , Need A. C. , Odhams C. A. , Orioli A. , Patch C. , Perez-Gil D. , Pereira M. B. , Polychronopoulos D. , Pullinger J. , Rahim T. , Rendon A. , Riesgo-Ferreiro P. , Rogers T. , Ryten M. , Savage K. , Sawant K. , Scott R. H. , Siddiq A. , Sieghart A. , Smedley D. , Smith K. R. , Smith S. C. , Sosinsky A. , Spooner W. , Stevens H. E. , Stuckey A. , Sultana R. , Tanguy M. , Thomas E. R. A. , Thompson S. R. , Tregidgo C. , Tucci A. , Walsh E. , Watters S. A. , Welland M. J. , Williams E. , Witkowska K. , Wood S. M. , Zarowiecki M. , Lao Oscar , Aróstegui Juan Ignacio , Laayouni Hafid , Casals Ferran
Published: October 2022

An important fraction of patients with rare disorders remains with no clear genetic diagnostic, even after whole-exome or whole-genome sequencing, posing a difficulty in giving adequate treatment and genetic counseling. The analysis of genomic data in rare disorders mostly considers the presence of single gene variants in coding regions that follow a concrete monogenic mode of inheritance. A digenic inheritance, with variants in two functionally-related genes in the same individual, is a plausible alternative that might explain the genetic basis of the disease in some cases. In this case, digenic disease combinations should be absent or underrepresented in healthy individuals. We develop a framework to evaluate the significance of digenic combinations and test its statistical power in different scenarios. We suggest that this approach will be relevant with the advent of new sequencing efforts including hundreds of thousands of samples.
HOXA9 has the hallmarks of a biological switch with implications in blood cancers
Authors: Talarmain Laure , Clarke Matthew A. , Shorthouse David , Cabrera-Cosme Lilia , Kent David G. , Fisher Jasmin , Hall Benjamin A.
Published: October 2022

Blood malignancies arise from the dysregulation of haematopoiesis. The type of blood cell and the specific order of oncogenic events initiating abnormal growth ultimately determine the cancer subtype and subsequent clinical outcome. HOXA9 plays an important role in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) prognosis by promoting blood cell expansion and altering differentiation; however, the function of HOXA9 in other blood malignancies is still unclear. Here, we highlight the biological switch and prognosis marker properties of HOXA9 in AML and chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). First, we establish the ability of HOXA9 to stratify AML patients with distinct cellular and clinical outcomes. Then, through the use of a computational network model of MPN, we show that the self-activation of HOXA9 and its relationship to JAK2 and TET2 can explain the branching progression of JAK2/TET2 mutant MPN patients towards divergent clinical characteristics. Finally, we predict a connection between the RUNX1 and MYB genes and a suppressive role for the NOTCH pathway in MPN diseases.
Macromolecular crowding and supersaturation protect hemodialysis patients from the onset of dialysis-related amyloidosis
Authors: Nakajima Kichitaro , Yamaguchi Keiichi , Noji Masahiro , Aguirre César , Ikenaka Kensuke , Mochizuki Hideki , Zhou Lianjie , Ogi Hirotsugu , Ito Toru , Narita Ichiei , Gejyo Fumitake , Naiki Hironobu , Yamamoto Suguru , Goto Yuji
Published: October 2022

Dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA), a serious complication among long-term hemodialysis patients, is caused by amyloid fibrils of β2-microglobulin (β2m). Although high serum β2m levels and a long dialysis vintage are the primary and secondary risk factors for the onset of DRA, respectively, patients with these do not always develop DRA, indicating that there are additional risk factors. To clarify these unknown factors, we investigate the effects of human sera on β2m amyloid fibril formation, revealing that sera markedly inhibit amyloid fibril formation. Results from over 100 sera indicate that, although the inhibitory effects of sera deteriorate in long-term dialysis patients, they are ameliorated by maintenance dialysis treatments in the short term. Serum albumin prevents amyloid fibril formation based on macromolecular crowding effects, and decreased serum albumin concentration in dialysis patients is a tertiary risk factor for the onset of DRA. We construct a theoretical model assuming cumulative effects of the three risk factors, suggesting the importance of monitoring temporary and accumulated risks to prevent the development of amyloidosis, which occurs based on supersaturation-limited amyloid fibril formation in a crowded milieu.
Public attitudes value interpretability but prioritize accuracy in Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Nussberger Anne-Marie , Luo Lan , Celis L. Elisa , Crockett M. J.
Published: October 2022

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) proliferates across important social institutions, many of the most powerful AI systems available are difficult to interpret for end-users and engineers alike. Here, we sought to characterize public attitudes towards AI interpretability. Across seven studies (N = 2475), we demonstrate robust and positive attitudes towards interpretable AI among non-experts that generalize across a variety of real-world applications and follow predictable patterns. Participants value interpretability positively across different levels of AI autonomy and accuracy, and rate interpretability as more important for AI decisions involving high stakes and scarce resources. Crucially, when AI interpretability trades off against AI accuracy, participants prioritize accuracy over interpretability under the same conditions driving positive attitudes towards interpretability in the first place: amidst high stakes and scarce resources. These attitudes could drive a proliferation of AI systems making high-impact ethical decisions that are difficult to explain and understand.
Versatile self-assembled electrospun micropyramid arrays for high-performance on-skin devices with minimal sensory interference
Authors: Zhang Jia-Han , Li Zhengtong , Xu Juan , Li Jiean , Yan Ke , Cheng Wen , Xin Ming , Zhu Tangsong , Du Jinhua , Chen Sixuan , An Xiaoming , Zhou Zhou , Cheng Luyao , Ying Shu , Zhang Jing , Gao Xingxun , Zhang Qiuhong , Jia Xudong , Shi Yi , Pan Lijia
Published: October 2022

On-skin devices that show both high performance and imperceptibility are desired for physiological information detection, individual protection, and bioenergy conversion with minimal sensory interference. Herein, versatile electrospun micropyramid arrays (EMPAs) combined with ultrathin, ultralight, gas-permeable structures are developed through a self-assembly technology based on wet heterostructured electrified jets to endow various on-skin devices with both superior performance and imperceptibility. The designable self-assembly allows structural and material optimization of EMPAs for on-skin devices applied in daytime radiative cooling, pressure sensing, and bioenergy harvesting. A temperature drop of ~4 °C is obtained via an EMPA-based radiative cooling fabric under a solar intensity of 1 kW m–2. Moreover, detection of an ultraweak fingertip pulse for health diagnosis during monitoring of natural finger manipulation over a wide frequency range is realized by an EMPA piezocapacitive-triboelectric hybrid sensor, which has high sensitivity (19 kPa−1), ultralow detection limit (0.05 Pa), and ultrafast response (≤0.8 ms). Additionally, EMPA nanogenerators with high triboelectric and piezoelectric outputs achieve reliable biomechanical energy harvesting. The flexible self-assembly of EMPAs exhibits immense potential in superb individual healthcare and excellent human-machine interaction in an interference-free and comfortable manner.
Towards development of a high-strength stainless Mg alloy with Al-assisted growth of passive film
Authors: Zhu Qingchun , Li Yangxin , Cao Fuyong , Qiu Dong , Yang Yao , Wang Jingya , Zhang Huan , Ying Tao , Ding Wenjiang , Zeng Xiaoqin
Published: October 2022

Magnesium alloys with high strength and excellent corrosion resistance are always sought-after in light-weighting structural components for automotive and aerospace applications. However, for most magnesium alloys that have a high specific strength, they usually have an inferior corrosion resistance and vice versa. In this work, we successfully develop a Mg-11Y-1Al (wt. %) alloy through conventional casting, solution treatment followed by extrusion. The overall properties of this alloy feature with a corrosion rate lower than 0.2 mm y−1, high yield strength of 350 MPa and moderate tensile elongation of 8%, the combination of which shows competitive advantage over other comparative magnesium alloys in the literature. It is found that a thin and dense protective film of Y2O3/Y(OH)3 can be fast developed with the aid of Al2O3/Al(OH)3 deposition to isolate this alloy from further attack of corrosion medium. Meanwhile, the refined grains, weak texture and activation of non-basal slip systems co-contribute to the high strength and good ductility. Our findings are expected to inspire the design of next-generation high performance magnesium alloys.
Real-space measurement of orbital electron populations for Li1-xCoO2
Authors: Shang Tongtong , Xiao Dongdong , Meng Fanqi , Rong Xiaohui , Gao Ang , Lin Ting , Tang Zhexin , Liu Xiaozhi , Li Xinyan , Zhang Qinghua , Wen Yuren , Xiao Ruijuan , Wang Xuefeng , Su Dong , Hu Yong-Sheng , Li Hong , Yu Qian , Zhang Ze , Petricek Vaclav , Wu Lijun , Gu Lin , Zuo Jian-Min , Zhu Yimei , Nan Ce-Wen , Zhu Jing
Published: October 2022

The operation of lithium-ion batteries involves electron removal from and filling into the redox orbitals of cathode materials, experimentally probing the orbital electron population thus is highly desirable to resolve the redox processes and charge compensation mechanism. Here, we combine quantitative convergent-beam electron diffraction with high-energy synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction to quantify the orbital populations of Co and O in the archetypal cathode material LiCoO2. The results indicate that removing Li ions from LiCoO2 decreases Co t2g orbital population, and the intensified covalency of Co–O bond upon delithiation enables charge transfer from O 2p orbital to Co eg orbital, leading to increased Co eg orbital population and oxygen oxidation. Theoretical calculations verify these experimental findings, which not only provide an intuitive picture of the redox reaction process in real space, but also offer a guidance for designing high-capacity electrodes by mediating the covalency of the TM–O interactions.
Systematic dissection of key factors governing recombination outcomes by GCE-SCRaMbLE
Authors: Zhang Huiming , Fu Xian , Gong Xuemei , Wang Yun , Zhang Haolin , Zhao Yu , Shen Yue
Published: October 2022

With the completion of Sc2.0 chromosomes, synthetic chromosome rearrangement and modification by loxP-mediated evolution (SCRaMbLE) becomes more critical for in-depth investigation of fundamental biological questions and screening of industrially valuable characteristics. Further applications, however, are hindered due to the lack of facile and tight regulation of the SCRaMbLE process, and limited understanding of key factors that may affect the rearrangement outcomes. Here we propose an approach to precisely regulate SCRaMbLE recombination in a dose-dependent manner using genetic code expansion (GCE) technology with low basal activity. By systematically analyzing 1380 derived strains and six yeast pools subjected to GCE-SCRaMbLE, we find that Cre enzyme abundance, genome ploidy and chromosome conformation play key roles in recombination frequencies and determine the SCRaMbLE outcomes. With these insights, the GCE-SCRaMbLE system will serve as a powerful tool in the future exploitation and optimization of the Sc2.0-related technologies.
Effect of viewing distance on object responses in macaque areas 45B, F5a and F5p
Authors: Caprara I. , Janssen P.
Published: October 2022

To perform tasks like grasping, the brain has to process visual object information so that the grip aperture can be adjusted before touching the object. Previous studies have demonstrated that the posterior subsector of the Anterior Intraparietal area is connected to area 45B, and its anterior counterpart to F5a. However, the role of area 45B and F5a in visually-guided grasping is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of area 45B, F5a and F5p in object processing during visually-guided grasping in two monkeys. We tested whether the presentation of an object in near peripersonal space activated F5p neurons more than objects with the same retinal size presented beyond reachable distance and conversely, whether neurons in 45B and F5a—which may encode a purely visual object representation—were less affected by viewing distance when equalizing retinal size. Contrary to our expectations, we found that most neurons in area 45B were object- and viewing distance-selective, and preferred mostly Near presentations. Area F5a showed much weaker object selectivity compared to 45B, with a similar preference for objects presented at the Near position. Finally, F5p neurons were less object selective and frequently Far-preferring. In sum, area 45B—but not F5p– prefers objects presented in peripersonal space.
Adverse events of recreational cannabis use during pregnancy reported to the French Addictovigilance Network between 2011 and 2020
Authors: Bouquet Emilie , Eiden Céline , Fauconneau Bernard , Pion Charlotte ,   French Addictovigilance Network (FAN), Louise Carton , Cécile Chevalier , Amélie Daveluy , Christine Fournier-Choma , Julie Heredia , Marion Istvan , Emilie Jouanjus , Hélène Peyrière , Liselotte Pochard , Bruno Revol , Véronique Savignat , Juliana Tournebize , Pain Stéphanie , Pérault-Pochat Marie-Christine
Published: October 2022

Cannabis is the main illicit psychoactive substance used by pregnant women in France. The aim of the present national survey was to describe adverse events (AEs) of recreational cannabis use during pregnancy reported to the French Addictovigilance Network (FAN). Spontaneous reports (SRs) of AEs related to recreational cannabis use during pregnancy were collected by the FAN between 01/01/2011 and 31/01/2021 (excluding cannabidiol and synthetic cannabinoids). Over the study period, 160 SRs involved cannabis use alone or in association with tobacco (59% of all SRs) which increased. Among the 175 maternal AEs, the most commons were psychiatric AEs experienced by 96 (64.9%) women, in particular cannabis use disorders (n = 89, 60.1%), dependence (n = 54, 36.5%) and abuse (n = 21, 14.2%). Among the 57 fetal AEs, the most common were heart rhythm disorders that affected 25 (16.9%) fetuses and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (n = 20, 13.5%). Among the 140 neonatal AEs, the most common were IUGR experienced by 39 (26.3%) newborns and prematurity (n = 32, 21.6%). Twelve cases of congenital malformations were observed and 4 intrauterine/neonatal deaths. Furthermore, some of these AEs (n = 13) were unexpected. Cannabis use during pregnancy has problematic consequences for both mothers and infants who need close monitoring.
Chemical characterisation of the vapour emitted by an e-cigarette using a ceramic wick-based technology
Authors: Pinto M. Isabel , Thissen J. , Hermes N. , Cunningham A. , Digard H. , Murphy J.
Published: October 2022

Fourth-generation ‘pod’ e-cigarette devices have been driven by technological advances in electronic atomization of the e-liquid. Use of microporous ceramic as a wicking material improves heating efficiency, but how it affects the chemical emissions of these devices is unclear. We assessed the emissions of a pod e-cigarette with innovative ceramic wick-based technology and two flavoured e-liquids containing nicotine lactate and nicotine benzoate (57 and 18 mg mL−1nicotine, respectively). Among the studied harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) listed by the US FDA and/or WHO TobReg, only 5 (acetone, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, naphthalene and nornicotine) were quantified at levels of 0.14 to 100 ng puff−1. In the combustible cigarette (Kentucky reference 1R6F), levels were from 0.131 to 168 µg puff−1. Nicotine levels ranged 0.10–0.32 mg puff−1across the 3 study products. From the 19 proposed HPHCs specifically of concern in e-cigarettes, only 3 (glycerol, isoamyl acetate and propylene glycol) were quantified. The low/undetectable levels of HPHCs reflect not only the optimal operating conditions of the e-cigarette, including an efficient supply of e-liquid by the ceramic wick without overheating, but also the potential of the e-cigarettes to be used as an alternative to combustible cigarettes.
Calcium decreases cell wall swelling in sweet cherry fruit
Authors: Schumann Christine , Winkler Andreas , Knoche Moritz
Published: October 2022

Swelling of epidermal cell walls decreases cell-to-cell adhesion and increases cracking susceptibility in sweet cherry. Ca is suggested to decrease cracking susceptibility by crosslinking of cell wall components and, possibly, by decreasing swelling. The objective is to test this hypothesis. The effect of Ca on swelling of anticlinal epidermal cell walls was quantified microscopically in vivo using excised skin sections and in vitro using extracted cell walls. After removal of turgor, cell wall thickness increased. Incubation in CaCl2 decreased cell wall thickness up to 3 mM CaCl2. At higher concentrations thickness remained constant. Decreased cell wall swelling in vivo also occurred with other salts of divalent and trivalent cations, but not with those of monovalent cations. Decreased swelling was due to the Ca cation, the anions had no effect. Ca also decreased swelling of cell walls that were already swollen. CaCl2 also decreased swelling of extracted cell walls in vitro. There was no effect on swelling pressure. The effect on swelling increased as the CaCl2 concentration increased. Chlorides of divalent and trivalent cations, but not those of monovalent cations decreased swelling in vitro. The decrease in swelling among the divalent cations was linearly related to the radius of the cation. The results indicate that Ca decreases cracking susceptibility by decreasing swelling.
Increased concentrations of conjugated bile acids are associated with osteoporosis in PSC patients
Authors: Stürznickel Julian , Behler-Janbeck Friederike , Baranowsky Anke , Schmidt Tobias , Schwinge Dorothee , John Clara , Lohse Ansgar W. , Schramm Christoph , Heeren Joerg , Schinke Thorsten , Amling Michael
Published: October 2022

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is an idiopathic cholestatic liver disease characterized by chronic inflammation and progressive fibrosis of intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts. Osteoporosis is a frequent comorbidity in PSC, and we could previously demonstrate that IL17-dependent activation of bone resorption is the predominant driver of bone loss in PSC. Since we additionally observed an unexpected heterogeneity of bone mineral density in our cohort of 238 PSC patients, the present study focused on a comparative analysis of affected individuals with diagnosed osteoporosis (PSCOPO, n = 10) or high bone mass (PSCHBM, n = 7). The two groups were not distinguishable by various baseline characteristics, including liver fibrosis or serum parameters for hepatic function. In contrast, quantification of serum bile acid concentrations identified significant increases in the PSCOPO group, including glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA), an exogenous bile acid administered to both patient groups. Although cell culture experiments did not support the hypothesis that an increase in circulating bile levels is a primary cause of PSC-associated osteoporosis, the remarkable differences of endogenous bile acids and GUDCA in the serum of PSCOPO patients strongly suggest a yet unknown impairment of biliary metabolism and/or hepatic bile acid clearance in this patient subgroup, which is independent of liver fibrosis.
Safety and effectiveness of 4-week therapy with aceclofenac controlled release once a day
Authors: Jeong Ju-cheol , Chung Yoon Hee , Park Taejun , Park Seung Yeon , Jung Tae Woo , Abd El-Aty A. M. , Bang Joon Seok , Jeong Ji Hoon
Published: October 2022

Aceclofenac controlled-release (CR) is a once-a-day tablet with 200 mg of aceclofenac, and is bioequivalent to conventional aceclofenac. However, its safety in humans has not been well studied in Korea. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the overall incidence and patterns of adverse events (AEs), the effectiveness of aceclofenac CR, and the differences in incidence rates of the AEs based on each patient’s baseline charateristics. This study was conducted on patients receiving aceclofenac CR in clinical practice at each investigational institution to treat musculoskeletal pain and inflammation. The subjects were administered one tablet of aceclofenac CR (200 mg once-a-day) and were observed for 4 weeks post-administration. Factors affecting the occurrence of AEs were evaluated, and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to measure the pain intensity. Among 14,543 subjects, the incidence rate of AEs was 0.86%, and that of adverse drug reactions was 0.74%. No serious AEs and unexpected adverse drug reactions were monitored. The incidence rates of AEs were significantly higher in females, inpatient treatment, individuals with concurrent disorders, and those receiving concomitant medications, respectively (all P < 0.05). Four weeks post-using aceclofenac CR, the mean changes in VAS was significantly decreased compared to prior administration. The overall clinical efficacy rate was 91.63%. This study confirmed that no severe adverse reactions were observed for aceclofenac CR exceeding those previously reported for safety results of conventional formulation of this drug in routine clinical practice settings. The use of aceclofenac CR might not violate the previously reported information on the safety and effectiveness of aceclofenac.
Dysbiotic microbiota contributes to the extent of acute myocardial infarction in rats
Authors: Gagné Marc-André , Barbeau Claude , Frégeau Geneviève , Gilbert Kim , Mathieu Olivier , Auger Jérémie , Tompkins Thomas A. , Charbonney Emmanuel , Godbout Roger , Rousseau Guy
Published: October 2022

Increasing evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiota composition could play a role in specific pathologies such as hypertension, obesity and diabetes. This study aims to demonstrate that the intestinal microbiota modulated by a diet creating dysbiosis increased the size of the myocardial infarction and that probiotics could attenuate this effect. To do this, microbiota transplants from rats fed a dysbiotic or non-dysbiotic diet in the presence or absence of probiotics were performed for 10 days on rats whose microbiota had been previously suppressed by antibiotic therapy. Then, the anterior coronary artery of the transplanted rats was occluded for 30 min. Infarct size was measured after 24 h of reperfusion, while signaling pathways were evaluated after 15 min of reperfusion. Intestinal resistance, plasma concentration of LPS (lipopolysaccharides), activation of NF-κB and Akt and composition of the microbiota were also measured. Our results demonstrate a larger infarct size in animals transplanted with the dysbiotic microbiota without probiotics compared to the other groups, including those that received the dysbiotic microbiota with probiotics. This increase in infarct size correlates with a higher firmicutes/bacteroidetes ratio, NF-kB phosphorylation and plasma LPS concentration, and a decrease in intestinal barrier resistance and Akt. These results indicate that dysbiotic microbiota promotes an increase in infarct size, an effect that probiotics can attenuate.
Utility of standard diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for the identification of ischemic optic neuropathy in giant cell arteritis
Authors: Danyel L. A. , Miszczuk M. , Pietrock C. , Büge B. T. , Villringer K. , Bohner G. , Siebert E.
Published: October 2022

This study assessed diffusion abnormalities of the optic nerve (ON) in giant cell arteritis (GCA) patients with acute onset of visual impairment (VI) using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI). DWI scans of GCA patients with acute VI were evaluated in a case-control study. Two blinded neuroradiologists assessed randomized DWI scans of GCA and controls for ON restricted diffusion. Statistical quality criteria and inter-rater reliability (IRR) were calculated. DWI findings were compared to ophthalmological assessments. 35 GCA patients (76.2 ± 6.4 years; 37 scans) and 35 controls (75.7 ± 7.6 years; 38 scans) were included. ON restricted diffusion was detected in 81.1% (Reader 1) of GCA scans. Localization of ON restricted diffusion was at the optic nerve head in 80.6%, intraorbital in 11.1% and affecting both segments in 8.3%. DWI discerned affected from unaffected ON with a sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of 87%/99%/96%/96%. IRR for ON restricted diffusion was κinter = 0.72 (95% CI 0.59–0.86). DWI findings challenged ophthalmologic diagnoses in 4 cases (11.4%). DWI visualizes anterior and posterior ON ischemia in GCA patients with high sensitivity and specificity, as well as substantial IRR. DWI may complement the ophthalmological assessment in patients with acute VI.
Use of antenatal and delivery care services and their association with maternal and infant mortality in rural India
Authors: Rai Rajesh Kumar , Barik Anamitra , Chowdhury Abhijit
Published: October 2022

Optimum use of antenatal care (ANC) and delivery care services could reduce morbidity and mortality among prospective mothers and their children. However, the role of ANC and delivery services in prevention of both maternal and child mortality is poorly understood, primarily because of dearth of prospective cohort data. Using a ten-years population-based prospective cohort data, this study examined the use of ANC and delivery services and their association with maternal and infant mortality in rural India. Descriptive statistics were estimated, and multivariable logistic regression modelling was used to attain the study objective. Findings revealed that consumption of ≥ 100 iron-and-folic acid (IFA) tablet/equivalent syrup during pregnancy had a protective association with maternal and infant mortality. Lack of maternal blood group checks during pregnancy was associated with increased odds of the death of infants. Caesarean/forceps delivery and delivery conducted by untrained personnel were associated with increased odds of maternal mortality. Findings from this study reemphasizes on increasing coverage and consumption of IFA tablets/equivalent syrup. Improved ANC and delivery services and increased uptake of all types of ANC and delivery care services are equally important for improvement in maternal and child survival in rural India.
Wolbachia infection dynamics in a natural population of the pear psyllid Cacopsylla pyri (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) across its seasonal generations
Authors: Štarhová Serbina Liliya , Gajski Domagoj , Malenovský Igor , Corretto Erika , Schuler Hannes , Dittmer Jessica
Published: October 2022

Wolbachiais one of the most abundant intracellular symbionts of arthropods and has profound effects on host biology.Wolbachiatransmission and host phenotypes often depend on its density within the host, which can be affected by multiple biotic and abiotic factors. However, very few studies measuredWolbachiadensity in natural host populations. Here, we describeWolbachiain the pear psyllidCacopsylla pyrifrom three populations in the Czech Republic. Using phylogenetic analyses based onwspand multilocus sequence typing genes, we demonstrate thatC. pyriharbours three newWolbachiastrains from supergroup B. A fourthWolbachiastrain from supergroup A was also detected in parasitised immatures ofC. pyri, but likely came from a hymenopteran parasitoid. To obtain insights into naturalWolbachiainfection dynamics, we quantifiedWolbachiain psyllid individuals from the locality with the highest prevalence across an entire year, spanning several seasonal generations of the host. All tested females were infected andWolbachiadensity remained stable across the entire period, suggesting a highly efficient vertical transmission and little influence from the environment and different host generations. In contrast, we observed a tendency towards reducedWolbachiadensity in males which may suggest sex-related differences inWolbachia-psyllid interactions.
Investigation of acute organophosphate poisoning in humans based on sociodemographic and role of neurotransmitters with survival study in South India
Authors: Sinha Sukesh Narayan , Kumpati Rajesh Kumar , Ramavath Pandu Naik , Sangaraju Rajendra , Gouda Balaji , Chougule Priyanka
Published: October 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the sociodemographic characteristics of patients based on the poison chosen and different types of organophosphorus compounds. The data were collected to explore the sociodemographic characteristics of organophosphate (OP)-poisoned patients based on the source, site, and route of poisoning, education level, occupational status, and the purpose of poisoning. Furthermore, we estimated the serotonin and dopamine levels in the plasma samples of patients, and survival plots were also described. During the study of OP pesticide poisoning in 116 human subjects and 5 healthy volunteers, we observed, based on the survival plot, that75.9% of the patients were discharged, and the remaining patients died (24.1% of the patients) due to respiratory failure followed by cardiac arrest. Our findings suggest that the serotonin levels significantly (p < 0.01 andp < 0.001) decreased from 12 to 36 h, whereas the dopamine levels slightly increased from 12 to 36 h in the group with OP poisoning compared to the control group. Based on these findings, this study may aid in deciphering the precise mechanism by which pesticides cause behavioural changes that influence serotonin and dopamine levels in OP-poisoned patients. The purpose of this work was to serve as a small reminder of the risk to public health associated with organophosphate pesticides.
Earthquakes control the impulsive nature of crustal helium degassing to the atmosphere
Authors: Caracausi Antonio , Buttitta Dario , Picozzi Matteo , Paternoster Michele , Stabile Tony Alfredo
Published: October 2022

Deep fluids play active roles during the preparatory phases of large earthquakes and, through their chemical signature, carry information about deep processes within the seismogenic crust. Due to its inertness and isotopic signature, helium (the lightest noble gas) is a useful tracer for investigating the processes of storage and transfer of fluids through the crust, including those prior to hazardous earthquakes. Here we analyse a 12-year earthquake catalogue from the Irpinia Fault Zone, Italy, to compute the 4He outputs from the seismogenetic fault zones (from 104 to 106 mol y−1 with an annual tenfold variability) and compare these with estimates of long-term helium flux. We find that low-magnitude earthquakes (M < 4) efficiently contribute to variations of the crustal helium output into the atmosphere which supports the impulsive nature of He degassing in tectonically active continental regions. We conclude that there is a quantitative relationship between crustal helium outputs and the volume of fault zones, and suggest variations in helium flux may represent a gauge of changes in the stress field that are related to the nucleation of earthquakes.
Robust and durable liquid-repellent surfaces
Authors: Chen Faze , Wang Yaquan , Tian Yanling , Zhang Dawei , Song Jinlong , Crick Colin R. , Carmalt Claire J. , Parkin Ivan P. , Lu Yao
Published: October 2022

This review provides a comprehensive summary of characterization, design, fabrication, and application of robust and durable liquid-repellent surfaces.
Advancements in antimicrobial nanoscale materials and self-assembling systems
Authors: Doolan Jack A. , Williams George T. , Hilton Kira L. F. , Chaudhari Rajas , Fossey John S. , Goult Benjamin T. , Hiscock Jennifer R.
Published: October 2022

Antimicrobial resistance is directly responsible for more deaths per year than either HIV/AIDS or malaria and is predicted to incur a cumulative societal financial burden of at least $100 trillion between 2014 and 2050.
Breast cancer or surrounding normal tissue? A successful discrimination by FTIR or Raman microspectroscopy
Authors: Mamede Adriana P. , Santos Inês P. , Batista de Carvalho Ana L. M. , Figueiredo Paulo , Silva Maria C. , Marques Maria P. M. , Batista de Carvalho Luís A. E.
Published: October 2022

Breast cancer is a type of cancer with the highest incidence worldwide in 2021, with early diagnosis and rapid treatment intervention being the reasons for the decreasing mortality rate associated with the disease.
Application of ComplexGAPI for the green assessment of a deep eutectic solvent-based ferrofluid assisted liquid–liquid microextraction method for detection of dimethyl phthalate in beverage samples
Authors: Hou Lingjun , Zhao Chenyang , Wu Guangqing , Zhao Jing , Zhao Longshan
Published: October 2022

In the present study, a novel ferrofluid was prepared by combining a menthol/thymol deep eutectic solvent with magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@OA).
Correction: Fluorescent metabolic labeling-based quick antibiotic susceptibility test for anaerobic bacteria
Authors: Gao Juan , Qin Juanxiu , Ding Chenling , Gao Yuan , Guo Junnan , Li Min , Yang Chaoyong , Wang Wei
Published: October 2022

Correction for ‘Fluorescent metabolic labeling-based quick antibiotic susceptibility test for anaerobic bacteria’ by Juan Gao et al., RSC Chem. Biol., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2cb00163b.
Boroxine template for macrocyclization and postfunctionalization
Authors: Ono Kosuke , Onodera Satoru , Kawai Hidetoshi
Published: October 2022

Boroxine-templated macrocyclization: Olefin metathesis of boronic acid substrates in the presence of MS4A followed by workup with pinacol yields the desired macrocyclic compounds with modifiable three boron units.
Electrochemically induced Markovnikov-type selective hydro/deuterophosphonylation of electron-rich alkenes
Authors: Deng Weijie , Hu Yunfei , Hu Jinhui , Li Xinling , Li Yibiao , Huang Yubing
Published: October 2022

An electrochemically induced Markovnikov-type selective hydro/deuterophosphonylation of electron-rich alkenes with P(O)H compounds to generate various organophosphorus compounds has been achieved.
Two-photon absorption and triplet excited state quenching of near-IR region aza-BODIPY photosensitizers via a triphenylamine moiety despite heavy bromine atoms
Authors: Karatay Ahmet , Yılmaz Halil , Yildiz Elif Akhuseyin , Sevinç Gökhan , Hayvali Mustafa , Boyacioglu Bahadir , Unver Huseyin , Elmali Ayhan
Published: October 2022

Aza-BODIPY compounds with methoxy groups at -3 and -5 positons and triphenylamine moieties at -1, -7 positions with and without heavy bromine atoms at -2, -6 positions have been designed and synthesized.
Side-chain engineering for high degradation performance of mandrel materials in ICF target fabrication
Authors: Zhu Yu , Chen Qiang , Wang Chaoyang , Xin Yue , Wang Lu , Yi Yong , Zhang Zhanwen , Tang Yongjian , Wang Zhigang
Published: October 2022

The degradation performance of poly-α-methylstyrene (PAMS) can be largely regulated by different side chains.
Sub 20 cm−1 computational prediction of the CH bond energy – a case of systematic error in computational thermochemistry
Authors: Thorpe James H. , Feller David , Bross David H. , Ruscic Branko , Stanton John F.
Published: October 2022

Benchmarking state-of-the-art computations of D0(CH) with Active Thermochemical Tables reveals a systematic error in prior high-level computations.
Polyrotaxanes and the pump paradigm
Authors: Seale James S. W. , Feng Yuanning , Feng Liang , Astumian R. Dean , Stoddart J. Fraser
Published: October 2022

The year 2022 marks the 30th anniversary of the first reports of polyrotaxanes in the scientific literature.
An experimental and theoretical study of the magnetic relaxation in heterometallic coordination polymers based on 6-methyl-2-oxonicotinate and lanthanide(iii) ions with square antriprismatic environment
Authors: Razquin-Bobillo Laura , Pajuelo-Corral Oier , Zabala-Lekuona Andoni , Rodríguez-Diéguez Antonio , Cepeda Javier
Published: October 2022

Two isostructural lanthanide(iii)-based coordination polymers with square antiprismatic environment are described. Magnetic properties are studied from experimental and theoretical viewpoints to analyze their SIM behavior.
Life cycle assessment as a tool for evaluating chemical processes at industrial scale: a review
Authors: Arfelis Espinosa Sergi , Bala Alba , Fullana-i-Palmer Pere
Published: October 2022

The present paper reviews 47 Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) applied to chemical reactions.
Greatly enhanced electrochemical nitrate-to-ammonia conversion over an Fe-doped TiO2nanoribbon array
Authors: Chen Jie , He Xun , Zhao Donglin , Li Jun , Sun Shengjun , Luo Yongsong , Zheng Dongdong , Li Tingshuai , Liu Qian , Xie Lisi , Lin Yuxiao , Asiri Abdullah M. , Sun Xuping
Published: October 2022

An Fe–TiO2nanoribbon array supported on a Ti plate is a high-efficiency catalyst for electrocatalytic NO3−-to-NH3conversion, capable of achieving a large NH3yield of up to 940.17 μmol h−1cm−2and a high faradaic efficiency of 95.93%.
High-precision copper isotopic analysis using a Nu Sapphire MC-ICP-MS
Authors: Wang Jing , Su Ben-Xun , Tang Dong-Mei , Yuan Qing-Han , Li Wen-Jun , Gao Bing-Yu , Bao Zhi-An , Zhao Ye
Published: October 2022

Cu isotopic measurements using a Nu Sapphire CC-MC-ICP-MS.
Manganese(ii) thiophosphate (MnPS3) intercalates with lanthanide (PrIII and NdIII) complexes: optical and magnetic properties
Authors: Fuentealba Pablo , Morales Jeannette , Audebrand Nathalie , Magon Claudio José , Eckert Hellmut , Manzur Jorge , Spodine Evgenia
Published: October 2022

We report the intercalation of PrIII and NdIII macrocyclic complexes into the layered hexahypothiophosphate MnPS3 and the effect of this process on the optical and magnetic properties of the layered host.
Molecular tuning of non-fullerene electron acceptors in organic photovoltaics: a theoretical study
Authors: Yu Hai-Yuan , Zhang Cai-Rong , Zhang Mei-Ling , Liu Xiao-Meng , Gong Ji-Jun , Liu Zi-Jiang , Wu You-Zhi , Chen Hong-Shan
Published: October 2022

On the basis of the famous A–D–A-type non-fullerene acceptor IT-4F, this work investigates the effects of introducing methyl groups and substituting dicyano with O on optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic performances.
Anchoring ZnIn2S4 nanosheets on ZSM-5 for boosting photocatalytic Cr(vi) reduction
Authors: Wang Duoying , Xie Yuming , Duan Chengyuan , Feng Yi , Yao Jianfeng
Published: October 2022

ZSM-5@ZnIn2S4 is constructed for highly efficient photocatalytic Cr(vi) reduction.
Chromogenic detection of xylene isomers and luminogenic chemosensing of o-xylene employing a new macrocyclic cobalt complex: synthesis, and X-ray crystallographic, spectroscopic and computational studies
Authors: Ghanbari Bahram , Asadi Mofarrah Leila , Jamjah Ali
Published: October 2022

A new binuclear Co(ii) complex, coordinating via two pyridine side-arms linked to two dinaphtho-diazacrown ether macrocyclic ligands, was synthesized and used as a colourimetric and fluorogenic sensor as well as an oxidation catalyst of xylene isomers at room temperature.
Characterization of lipid bilayers adsorbed to functionalized air/water interfaces
Authors: Pusterla Julio , Scoppola Ernesto , Appel Christian , Mukhina Tetiana , Shen Chen , Brezesinski Gerald , Schneck Emanuel
Published: October 2022

Lipid bilayers are adsorbed to air/water interfaces that are pre-functionalized with Langmuir monolayers of amphiphiles. They are then characterized with ellipsometry, X-ray scattering, and X-ray fluorescence.
Quantification of mechanical stimuli inducing nucleoplasmic translocation of YAP and its distribution mechanism using an AFM–dSTORM coupled technique
Authors: Li Hongru , Liu Yong , Zhang Jinrui , Cai Mingjun , Cao Ziran , Gao Jing , Xu Haijiao , Shao Lina , Sun Jiayin , Shi Yan , Wang Hongda
Published: October 2022

The combination of AFM and dSTORM technologies provides precise in situ manipulation of cells and real-time monitoring of YAP in response to mechanical forces for nuclear translocation.
Microwave-assisted NixFe1−x nanoclusters ultra-stable to oxidation in aqueous media
Authors: Santana-Otero Antonio , Fortes Brollo María Eugenia , Morales María del Puerto , Ortega Daniel
Published: October 2022

A microwave synthesis method is used to synthesize permalloy (NixFe1−x) nanoclusters that are resistant to oxidation over time in aqueous susensions.
Photocatalytic co-production of hydrogen gas and N-benzylidenebenzylamine over high-quality 2D layered In4/3P2Se6 nanosheets
Authors: Wu Binglan , Zhan Xueying , Yu Peng , Meng Jun , Sendeku Marshet Getaye , Dajan Fekadu Tsegaye , Gao Ning , Lai Wenjia , Yang Ying , Wang Zhenxing , Wang Fengmei
Published: October 2022

Herein, a novel 2D layered In4/3P2Se6 nanosheet was developed as dual-functional photocatalyst for the co-production of H2 and N-benzylidenebenzylamine through water reduction and benzylamine oxidation under light illumination.
Plasma synthesis of defect-rich flexible carbon cloth decorated with PtRu alloyed nanoclusters for highly efficient pH-universal electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Zhang Jingsen , Zhang Xiuling , Shi Chuan , Xia Guangqing , Li Hong , Wang Peng , Di Lanbo
Published: October 2022

Defect-rich flexible carbon cloth decorated with ultralow-loading (0.1 wt%) PtRu alloyed nanoclusters (PtRu/CC-P) was synthesized using cold plasma. The PtRu/CC-P exhibited superior activity and stability to Pt/C for the highly efficient pH-universal HER.