bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspectivas actuales del contrato de gestión hotelera
Authors: Íñiguez Ortega María Pilar
Published: December 2018

Resulta incuestionable que, en la actualidad, el Turismo constituye un complejo fenómeno con perfiles complejos y heterogéneos dentro del cual son abordados ámbitos muy diversos (económico, jurídico, político, cultural…). De forma inicial, dentro de la pluralidad de las relaciones que circunscriben el mismo, presentan especial transcendencia las conectadas, en mayor o menor grado, con la gestión y el alojamiento turístico. Lo que hace medio siglo resultaba inimaginable o, casi extravagante, constituye hoy una circunstancia común y frecuente en el escenario propuesto, de forma particular, dentro del complejo y escasamente analizado ámbito de la gestión  hotelera. Al hilo de lo expresado, en este trabajo se analizará, partiendo del supuesto de que la colaboración inter-empresarial en el sector turístico puede sustentarse en capital o en relaciones contractuales, sus esenciales trazos conformadores (gestor hotelero y titular del hotel gestionado) sobre los cuales poder elaborar un concepto ordenado y de subsunción del mismo como paso previo para la fijación de su régimen jurídico básico. Con idéntico tenor, se discutirá la posibilidad de integración del hotel determinado en las grandes cadenas hoteleras, la utilización de su know-how estandarizado y marca propia. Finalmente, será estudiada su incidencia en las grandes cadenas hoteleras al objeto de valorar su expansión tanto desde un punto de vista nacional como internacional.
La lectura, la creación textual y la alteridad en el marco de una didáctica digital
Authors: Moncada Guzmán Ciro Javier , Sánchez Castellanos Magle Virginia
Published: December 2018

El ecosistema digital permea en la actualidad la cotidianidad docente sin importar el nivel escolar al cual se refiera, tanto así que la didáctica enfrenta diversos paradigmas de comprensión del encuentro entre lo digital y lo físico en el aula. Por ello, este escrito se plantea como objetivo discernir los elementos constitutivos que den fundamento epistemológico a una apuesta de didáctica digital, para que, superando las perspectivas instrumentalizadoras y dicotómicas, se consolide una perspectiva holística desde el presupuesto de la acción comunicativa como condición de posibilidad de la cultura digital. Para cumplir con este cometido, se dan a conocer los hallazgos de un proceso investigativo cualitativo con un diseño etnográfico de tipo virtual que permitió concluir la relación existente entre la lectura crítica, la creación textual y la alteridad virtual como elementos fundantes del ejercicio didáctico en estudiantes pertenecientes a la educación media del sector público en Bogotá.
«Yo no quería ser profesora». Un ejemplo práctico del método biográfico-narrativo
Authors: Vega Javier Feliciano
Published: December 2018

La investigación biográfico-narrativa es un tipo de investigación que ha tenido gran repercusión durante los últimos años, debido a la revalorización de las metodologías cualitativas. En el mundo de la Educación se ha revelado como una técnica muy útil para explorar fenómenos en profundidad, habiendo grandes exponentes en idioma español que profundizan en particular en el sujeto del profesor. En el presente artículo se ofrece un estudio teórico de sus principales fundamentos junto con la transcripción y análisis de una entrevista a una docente, que permite aportar nuevos conocimientos sobre esta técnica de investigación.
Philosophy imprisoned by life. Zoltán Gyenge: The Life and Philosophy of Kirkegaard.
Authors: Izsó Tímea
Published: December 2018

Philosophy imprisoned by life. Zoltán Gyenge: The Life and Philosophy of Kirkegaard. (Review)

Gyenge Zoltán: The Life and Philosophy of Kirkegaard. Máriabesnyő, Attraktor, 2007.
The hermeneutics of Spengler’s system. Dezső Csejtei and Anikó Juhász: The Life and Philosophy of Spengler.
Authors: Kovács Norbert
Published: December 2018

The hermeneutics of Spengler’s system. Dezső Csejtei and Anikó Juhász: The Life and Philosophy of Oswald Spengler. (Review)

Csejtei Dezső–Juhász Anikó: The Life and Philosophy of  Oswald Spengler. Máriabesnyő, Attraktor, 2009.
Naming and necessity in a two-dimensional semantic framework
Authors: Kovács János
Published: December 2018

This paper surveys the relevance of Kripke’s semantics of proper names. In his Naming and Necessity Kripke takes issue with Frege’s and Russell’s descriptive semantics of proper names. He proposes a new model called the causal model of proper names. Kripke’s model of the philosophy of language have challenged the relation of the metaphysical concepts necessity/contingency and the epistemological concepts apriority/a posteriority, respectively. Since Kant it has been accepted that all a priori truth is necessary, while all a posteriori truth is contingent. Kripke’s book has changed these tenets and nowadays it is accepted that the four concepts are independent of each other and that the complex concepts generated with them have instance.  

This paper investigates Kripke’s arguments on necessity and apriority in a two-dimensional semantic framework. The paper argues that the two-dimensional model is in harmony with Kripke’s model although Soames has been claiming the opposite in several publications. The paper claims that Soames’ theory of direct reference is unable to account for necessary a posteriori and contingent a priori statements.
The Biblical context of Pascal’s Wager: how to look behind the most important game people play
Authors: Prancz Zoltán
Published: December 2018

Pascal’s Wager is the best known and most discussed part of Pascal’s Pensées. The basic question of the wager is this: should one bet with one’s life that God exists or not. In his argumentation Pascal surveys possible combinations and the dangers connected to these bets. One of the basic critical questions concerning Pascal’s Wager is whether it is right to make belief the subject of a wager, in other words should a rational person live as though God existed just because of positive or threatening possible consequences. The paper argues that Pascal was aware of this basic question; and his argument that progresses beyond the basic Wager handles this problem in a reassuring manner. The paper focuses on one element of fragment 233rd that sheds some new light on Pascal’s argumentation. This element introduces two aspects into Pascal’s argumentation: firstly the aspect of the possibility of realization (of consequences) and secondly the biblical context of the Wager.
Aphorisms from Hegel’s Wastebook
Authors: Simon Ferenc
Published: December 2018

The paper surveys Hegel’s early aphorisms from his Wastebook first published by K. Rosenkranz. In his Hegel biography, Rosenkranz admires these critical xenias for their beauty and their poignance. They are chance but concise little products that are to reappear in Hegel’s introduction to The Phenomenology of the Spirit. They show the process through which Hegel sheds the mythical perspective he inherited from Schelling’s philosophy. György Lukács also considers these notes important as traces of Hegel’s maturing thought and methodological development in Jena during his early years. There are approximately one hundred notes which can be arranged into five topics: religion, philosophy as science, methodological problems of the principle of dialectics, the intellectual and political status of Germany. These ideas will be expanded on in Hegel’s early volumes, primarily in The Phenomenology of the Spirit.
Paradigm shift in philosophy: Hegel’s theory of recognition
Authors: Balogh Brigitta
Published: December 2018

The concept of recognition appears in philosophical thought well before Hegel, yet it is Hegel who has created a general category of recognition that remains relevant even today. The paper focuses on Hegel’s theory of recognition in The Phenomenology of the Spirit because I argue that Hegel’s concept of recognition is not only a category in the philosophy of law or social theory but rather a concept that determines a whole paradigm shift in philosophy.
The relation of the imagination and the infinite in Kant’s transcendental philosophy from the perspective of the analytic of the sublime
Authors: Tóth Gábor
Published: December 2018

This paper points out the relation between the notion of the sublime and the notion of the infinite in Kant’s transcendental philosophy. In Kant the philosophical functions of the sublime can be related to the notion of the infinite as an idea. The paper investigates whether the imagination can be extended by the infinite, as this is not evident from Kant’s definition of the sublime. Also, the paper addresses the problem if the infinite has a role beyond the purely aesthetic dimension of Kantian philosophy.
The invisible phenomenality of reason – Tamás Ullmann’s The Invisible Form: Schematism and Intentionality
Authors: Tóth Gábor
Published: December 2018

The invisible phenomenality of reason – Tamás Ullmann’s The Invisible Form: Schematism and Intentionality. (Review)

Ullmann Tamás: The Invisible Form: Schematism and Intentionality. Budapest, L’Harmattan, 2010.
Thoughts of life and death or the ghost of death over life. Paul Ricoeur’s Until Death. Fragments
Authors: Pál-Kovács Ramóna
Published: December 2018

Thoughts of life and death or the ghost of death over life. Paul Ricoeur’s Until Death. Fragments. (Review)

Ricoeur, Paul: Until Death. Fragments. Trans. Bende József. Pannonhalma, Bencés Kiadó, 2011.
Preliminary comment
Authors: Kovács Norbert , Simon József
Published: December 2018

The thematic section surveys different aspects of Machiavelli’s thinking. The survey begins with a short selection of Machiavelli’s extended correspondence (source: Machiavelli, Tutte le opere, M. Martelli, ed. Firenze: Sanzoni Editore, 1989.). No part of Machiavelli’s correspondence has been published in Hungarian before. The translated secondary source is Eugene Garver’s introduction to his excellent monograph on Machiavelli, an eloquent example of current, rhetorically oriented analyses of Machiavelli’s work (source: Eugene Garver, Machiavelli and the History of Prudence. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press 1987, 6-22.). The editors would like to thank Kinga Dávid and Alessandro Rosselli from the Department of Italian at the University of Szeged for their help with the translations.
Preface to Machiavelli’s selected letters
Authors: Simon József
Published: December 2018

The selection of Machiavelli’s letters presented here would like to project a narrative of his metamorphosis from political thinker into creative author. The two facets of his thinking intersect in his famous letter from December 10, 1513 in which he claims he is writing The Prince. It appears the work had already been completed by this point, needing only slight additions. Naturally, the narrative projected here does not exclude the existence of everyday letters saturated by sexual themes, nor does it mean the total absence of political analyses in his later letters. However, in 1513-1514 there is an evident thematic turn in the correspondence, and it supports the editorial intuition that Machiavelli himself would accept this reading (and editing) of his letters.
The combed roots of Descartes’ tree. Daniel Schmal: The beginning without a beginning.
Authors: Rembeczki Eszter
Published: December 2018

The combed roots of Descartes’ tree. Daniel Schmal: The beginning without a beginning. (Review)

Schmal Daniel: The beginning without a beginning. Budapest, Gondolat, 2012.
Man in the landscape, landscape in man. Dezső Csejtei and Anikó Juhász: The Philosophy of Landscape.
Authors: Tóth Gábor
Published: December 2018

Man in the landscape, landscape in man. Dezső Csejtei and Anikó Juhász: The Philosophy of Landscape. (Review)

Csejtei Dezső–Juhász Anikó: The Philosophy of Landscape. Máriabesnyő, Attraktor, 2012.
The generation of conic sections
Authors: Pascal Blaise
Published: December 2018

The essay contains significant results from the point of view of perspectivism that are relevant for Pascal’s epistemology. The first consequence of the sixth definition moves the abstract problem of conic sections into the area of the visual. Visual representation reveals the unity of diverse geometrical objects. If the conic sections that are either a circle, ellipsis, parabola or hyperbola are seen from the outside, their difference is not obvious. Yet, if “the eye is in the apex of the cone” then these forms are projected onto each other and will be similar. Therefore the apex of the cone determines a special perspective that enables one to see and understand similarity within difference. This epistemological model can be found throughout Pascal’s work and will be explicated philosophically in Pensées.
Essay on Conic Sections
Authors: Pascal Blaise
Published: December 2018

Blaise Pascal’s two papers on mathematics, Essay on Conic Sections and The generation of conic sections, are considered basic texts in the history of projective geometry. The two essays are not only important from the perspective of the history of science but are also significant from the perspective of Pascal’s subsequent thinking. When Pascal interpreted conic sections projectively, he encountered the problem of the mathematical infinite in several places.

In projective geometry one needs to presuppose that parallel lines cross each other in the infinite, which is not evident in Euclidean geometry. Also, while generating conic sections projectively, often the picture of a finite form will be infinite, like a parabola or a hyperbola, while they are images of the cone’s base, the circle. Pascal had to handle mathematical paradoxes connected to the infinite at an early age, and he tried to integrate these problems into his work rather than reject them. This attitude to the infinite would characterize his subsequent mathematical and philosophical works.
Leibniz’s notion of the infinite and the problem of fictionality
Authors: Schmal Dániel
Published: December 2018

Dániel Schmal’s paper poses the question of why Leibniz assigned no reality to the infinitely small numbers used in the infinitesimal calculus. He argues that Leibniz’s position can be understood not so much from his mathematics but rather from his metaphysics and epistemology. Seen from this perspective, it is a common feature of the phenomena of everyday life and infinitely small numbers that they lack unity, therefore they are both categorized as well supported fictions without reality in Leibniz’s philosophy.
Tolstoy’s legacy in Nietzsche’s The Antichrist
Authors: Tóth Marianna
Published: December 2018

The paper reconstructs the portrait of Jesus in Nietzsche’s The Antichrist and points out the Tolstoy as a primary source of influence.
Understanding as the revelation of the self
Authors: Péter Mónika
Published: December 2018

The paper approaches the problem of identity from the perspective of a hermeneutical model of understanding. In hermeneutical theory, understanding is neither an epistemological nor a methodological problem but rather on ontological one. Understanding is not an explanation of something, it is not simply an action aimed at some object but an event of one’s life. Understanding the other means comprehending it in the framework of the self, it is one way to understand the self, because the process of understanding changes the self as it unfolds. At the same time what one understands is not simply an outer object, but a sense that has become one’s self, a relation in which the traditional subject-object relation is dissolved. From a hermeneutical perspective, identity is not a given, closed construct but is always in flux through its communicative and playful contact with others.
Pszichopatology or state of the world: A model of identity in Mihály Babits’s The Nightmare (1918)
Authors: Csönge Tamás
Published: December 2018

Is Babits’s novel The Nightmare an allegory of human identity? What philosophical (Freud) and psychological (Bergson) influences helped him create his protagonist? The paper sets out to investigate the representation of the protagonist who dreams his life and lives his dreams. The paper surveys the stylistic means, rhetorical tropes and features of prose poetics used in the representation of the double life of the protagonist. Also, the paper surveys the diverse terms available to convey the emergence of divided self in the text.

Moreover, the analysis of narratorial positions in the text reveal possible interpretations that emerge from the polyphony of the narratorial and authorial voices: the ethical positions generated by these, and also how the readers’ responses are influenced by these ethical positions. Finally, close readings of textual representations of double identity are contrasted to Freudian and Bergsonian models of identity.
The role of the Other in getting to know the self
Authors: Rembeczki Eszter
Published: December 2018

The paper investigates the role of the other in the emergence and understanding of the self both in Descartes’ philosophy and in phenomenological theories based on Descartes. For Descartes, the thinking entity is almost closed into itself, but upon close inquiry it turns out that ideas of other entities filter into its thinking and eventually influence it. Therefore, the ego’s experience of itself depends of its experience of other ideas, while the ego active in practical life is constituted through its relation to things encountered in the world. In some twentieth-century approaches the ego can only understand itself through another ego. For Husserl, the self comprehends itself as the not-Other, while for Levinas the face of the Other constitutes the self of the Ego receiving it, through their radical difference.
In the tangle of identity: Within and without democracy and education
Authors: Pavlovski Róbert
Published: December 2018

The paper reconstructs John Dewey’s idea of democracy. Dewey’s idea highlights the fact that the concept of democracy needs to be reinterpreted ethically in today’s globalised world.  The basic problem of globalised economic and technological tendencies is that they open up the virtual meeting of subcultures more and more. This works against the traditional validity of communal habits and replaces cornerstones of identity construction one could rely on as a member of a community in the past.

Dewey’s theory of education and society offers a useful response to such changes. It posits the openness of democracy as the measure of individual development: in open democracies real possibilities of communal life open up for the individual without limiting it by the habits of closed communities. The application of Dewey’s model of democracy in a postmodern context highlights the importance of education. Education should focus on social effects of intersubjectivity, in other words, education should maximize the development of individual skills in order to match it by the multiple perspectives of democracy on the level of social organization.
The question of justice in modern democracies-Michael Sandel: What is just and what is not? Trans. Péter Felcsuti. Budapest: Corvina, 2012.
Authors: Aradi Márk
Published: December 2018

he question of justice in modern democracies. Michael Sandel: What is just and what is not? (Review)

Sandel, Michael: What is just and what is not? Trans. Péter Felcsuti, Budapest, Corvina, 2012.
Fénelon, Pascal, and the Jansenists: perspectives of a metaphysics of will
Authors: Vető Miklós
Published: December 2018

The paper analyzes Fénelon’s critique of Pascal focusing on the concept of the will. When Fénelon criticizes Pascal, in fact he is attacking Jansenism because he does not distinguish among views of Pascal, Arnauld, and Nicole. Fénelon’s main argument against Jansenism is that its notion of the will is based on the theory of delectation and therefore it remains within the limitations of self-love (amour-propre). In contrast, Fenelon distinguishes between the material and the formal sides of the will, opening the way to a Kantian interpretation of the notion.
Perspectives and argumentative structure in the Leibniz-Clarke debate: the hidden perspective
Authors: Jász Borbála
Published: December 2018

The paper analyses the Leibniz-Clarke correspondence. The corpus consists of two times five letters. I restructure the corpus horizontally and vertically in order to make the text readable from the perspective of debated themes and argumentation as well. Horizontally, I reconstruct the debate through low resolution debate analysis, focusing of the notion of space and related terms (natural law, atom, vacuum, gravitation). Vertically, I investigate different argumentative patterns in the text. Finally, I consider the interpretative value of these new analytical perspectives.
Perspectives of love – Gábor Boros: The philosophy of love.
Authors: Bessenyei Márta
Published: December 2018

A szeretet perspektívái – Boros Gábor: A szeretet/szerelem filozófiája. (Recenzió)

Boros Gábor: A szeretet/szerelem filozófiája. Szisztematikus-történeti tanulmányok, Budapest, ELTE Eötvös Kiadó, 2014.
Heuristic theory of identity and repetitive performance
Authors: Makai Ádám
Published: December 2018

The paper shows how the theory of typical identity serves the study of the mind. The paper claims that arguments against the theory of typical identity are based on a misunderstanding that can be handled through a Heuristic theory of identity.
Art and Love, Gift and Poison
Authors: Pfaller Robert
Published: December 2018

Pfaller, Robert: Wofür es sich zu leben lohnt. Elemente materialisticher Philosophie. Trans. János Weiss, Frankfurt am Main, Fischer, 2011, 173–184.
“The Use and Aim of Transcendental Categories” – György Czétány’s The Origin and History of Transcendental Illusion.
Authors: Horváth Zoltán
Published: December 2018

“The Use and Aim of Transcendental Categories” – Gyögy Czétány’s The Origin and History of Transcendental Illusion. Budapest, L’Harmattan, 2015. (Review)
A kvantumelmélet nehéz öröksége
Authors: Szabó Gábor
Published: December 2018

A tanulmányban megvizsgáljuk Paul Forman, amerikai tudománytörténész híres tézisét, amely szerint a kvantummechanika akauzális megfogalmazásáért elsősorban a 20-as évek weimári Németországának sajátos „spengleri” intellektuális légköre tehető felelőssé, amely ferde szemmel tekintett a természet racionális, mechanisztikus, kauzális és determinisztikus leírására. A tézis illusztrálására a kvantumelméleti szuperpozíció elvét választjuk.
Adult Bochdalek Hernia with Organo-Axial Gastric Volvulus: Misdiagnosed as Hydropneumothorax
Authors: Arya Sugandha , Shahab Saqib , Kumar Rahul , Garg Pankaj Kumar
Published: December 2018

Bochdalek hernia (BH) in an adult may manifest clinically with a myriad of abdominal or chest symptoms or a combination of them. Diagnosis of an adult BH is usually delayed in view of rarity of the lesion and its varied presentation. A 30-year-old adult gentleman presented to us with a left thoracostomy which was draining pus and ingested food particles. The tube thoracostomy had been performed in another hospital for an apparent left hydropneumothorax before he arrived in our hospital. Computed tomography of Chest and abdomen revealed a left diaphragmatic defect with herniation of stomach, spleen and omentum into the chest with organo-axial volvulus of the stomach. A thoracostomy tube was seen to be traversing through the stomach with its tip located close to the left pulmonary artery. The patient underwent left thoraco-abdominal exploration with dissection and reposition of the hernial contents in the abdominal cavity. The gastric perforations and the diaphragmatic defect were repaired. This case reiterates a well-known fact that an adult type BH must find a place in the differential diagnosis of a hydropneumothorax. Though the adult BH is a rare diagnosis, unawareness or reluctance to consider the possibility of adult BH may prolong the suffering of the patient as it happened in our patient who had iatrogenic perforation of the stomach due to tube thoracostomy.
Bunt kobiet: w poszukiwaniu źródeł świadomości równościowej (od XVII do lat 60. XX wieku)
Authors: Klejdysz Natalia
Published: December 2018

XX wiek bywa nazywany „stuleciem kobiet”. Feminizm drugiej fali, poprzedzony zaangażowaniem sufrażystek i ich skuteczną walką o prawa polityczne, doprowadził do przyspieszenia procesu kształtowania samoświadomości kobiet. Wszelako proces ten rozpoczął się znacznie wcześniej. Dziewiętnastowieczne protesty emancypantek poprzedzała stuletnia historia buntów kobiet. Wprawdzie ich motywacja na etapie siedemnasto- i osiemnastowiecznych kontestacji miała przede wszystkim charakter ekonomiczny i polityczny, a działania te były wspomagające względem aktywności mężczyzn, lecz rodziła się już wówczas refleksja nad nieekwiwalentnością społecznego wkładu kobiet i ich rzeczywistej partycypacji. Niniejszy artykuł jest zatem poświęcony owym nieśmiałym początkom odradzającej się świadomości równościowej, wyrażanej w różnych formach buntu i protestu.
Modyfikacje paremii „Na złodzieju czapka gore / На воре [и] шапка горит” w polskich i rosyjskojęzycznych mediach elektronicznych
Authors: Miturska-Bojanowska Jolanta
Published: December 2018

The article discusses transformations of the proverb na złodzieju czapka gore / на воре [и] шапка горит in Polish and Russian-language online media (lexical changes, additions, grammatical modifications, contaminations).
Русское словосложение: исторический аспект
Authors: Николаев Геннадий , Николаева Наталия
Published: December 2018

Compound words are known in the Russian language since the first written texts of different genre and stylistic characteristics. The formation of composites was carried out in two productive ways: by the non-morphological semantic method of fusion and by morphological addition. Within both methods (in literary texts) the calques of Greek composites and the development of East Slavic word formations in their sample are also noted. Both methods were interrelated, and an interaction of derivatives occurred in their sphere.
Rzeczowniki homograficzne w języku duńskim − analiza morfologiczna i semantyczna
Authors: Rajnik Eugeniusz
Published: December 2018

The article is a study of nouns with the same spelling but different grammatical gender (graphic homonymy, i.e. homography) in Modern Danish. The aim of the article is to analyze the grammatical and lexical homography of both neuter and non-neuter Danish nouns, which have been divided into two groups. The nouns in the first group occur in both grammatical genders with no difference in meaning (grammatical homographs), while the second group is comprised of nouns that do have different meanings based on their grammatical gender (lexical homographs). The author has also identified differences based on word stress (stress homography), different pronunciation and differences connected with the presence of stød or lack thereof, which usually cause a difference in meaning.
Homonimika rosyjska jako przedmiot zainteresowania polskich leksykologów i leksykografów. Na marginesie najnowszych prac Jerzego Kaliszana
Authors: Wojan Katarzyna
Published: December 2018

The text is dedicated to Professor Jerzy Kaliszan, an outstanding Polish researcher of homonymy in the Russian language, the author of significant monographs and the first Polish dictionary of Russian homographs. The article is a review of Polish academic literature on Russian homonymy including both intra- and interlinguistic aspects (relations between Polish and Russian). In the first part, the author outlines the most important theoretical and lexicographical studies of Polish scholars. The second part is devoted to a description of Jerzy Kaliszan’s achievements in the field of lexical and word-formation homonymy, including lexemes’ homography.
Zwroty czasownikowo-rzeczownikowe o tematyce futbolowej w słowniku rosyjsko-polskim/polsko-rosyjskim
Authors: Fedorushkov Yury
Published: December 2018

A football lexicon contains a lot of unregistered phrasemes. The text of the article is devoted to the input method of verbal-nominative phrases from the text corpora into the bilingual (Russian-Polish / Polish-Russian) pocket dictionary of soccer.
Драгоценности Рюриковичей по памятникам письменности (элементы одежды)
Authors: Hrynkiewicz-Adamskich Bożena
Published: December 2018

The aim of the article is to present the names of the valuables in testaments of the Russian great and appanage princes of the 14th-16th century. Special attention has been paid to clothing terminology (names of textiles, colours and dyes, individual garments, clothing details). Lexicographical and etymological data, as well as a semantic classification of dress and clothing detail names are provided. According to Jean Baudrillard, far from the primary status of an object being a pragmatic one, it is the sign exchange value which is fundamental. Thereupon, the attempt to present the social meaning and the unconscious discourse of the valuables mentioned in the testaments of the Rurik dynasty members is also made in this article.
Культурные мотивы в польском переводе „Куда ж нам плыть?” Б. Акунина
Authors: Jóźwiak Jolanta
Published: December 2018

The aim of the paper is to present the results of translators’ individual choices in the process of conveying cultural-background elements to the target culture. The source material were taken from novel Where shall we go? by Boris Akunin and its translation into Polish. The possibility of transferring specific values such as cultural connotation is discussed in the context of potential readers’ reactions.
Ten theses on the reality of video-chat: A phenomenological account
Authors: Ferencz-Flatz Christian
Published: December 2018

The following paper addresses the experience of reality in video-calls. To this extent, it first draws from Edmund Husserl’s phenomenological reflections that connect the question of reality with that of interaction and that of intersubjective communication. These reflections set the larger theoretical framework for sketching out ten theses with regard to the specific case of video-calls. To this extent it addresses issues like the public-private divide, the specific image-form of contemporary video-calls, the mutual intersubjective relations they involve, as well as their specific spatiality and temporality.
Estimate of the maximal cycle length in the graph of polynomial transformation of Galois–Eisenstein ring
Authors: Kozlitin Oleg A.
Published: December 2018

The paper is concerned with polynomial transformations of a finite commutative local principal ideal of a ring (a finite commutative uniserial ring, a Galois–Eisenstein ring). It is shown that in the class of Galois–Eisenstein rings with equal cardinalities and nilpotency indexes over Galois rings there exist polynomial generators for which the period of the output sequence exceeds those of the output sequences of polynomial generators over other rings.
Durfee squares in compositions
Authors: Archibald Margaret , Blecher Aubrey , Brennan Charlotte , Knopfmacher Arnold , Mansour Toufik
Published: December 2018

We study compositions (ordered partitions) of n. More particularly, our focus is on the bargraph representation of compositions which include or avoid squares of size s × s. We also extend the definition of a Durfee square (studied in integer partitions) to be the largest square which lies on the base of the bargraph representation of a composition (i.e., is ‘grounded’). Via generating functions and asymptotic analysis, we consider compositions of n whose Durfee squares are of size less than s × s. This is followed by a section on the total and average number of grounded s × s squares. We then count the number of Durfee squares in compositions of n.
Ball milling for the formation of nanocrystalline intermetallic compounds from Ni-Ti elemental powders
Authors: Sharma Pardeep
Published: December 2018

In the present research work nickel (Ni) and titanium (Ti) elemental powder with an ostensible composition of 50% of each by weight were mechanically alloyed in a planetary high energy ball mill in diverse milling circumstances (10, 20, 30 and 60 h). The inspection exposed that increasing milling time leads to a reduction in crystallite size, and after 60 h of milling, the Ti dissolved in the Ni lattice and the NiTi (B2) phase was obtained. The lattice strain of ball milled mixtures augmented from 0.15 to 0.45 at 60 h milling. With increase in milling time the morphology of pre-alloyed powder changed from lamella to globular. Annealing of as-milled powders at 1100 K for 800 s led to the formation of NiTi (B19′), grain growth and the release of internal strain. The result indicated that this technique is a powerful and highly productive process for preparing NiTi intermetallic compounds with a nano-crystalline structure and appropriate morphology.
Qualities before Quantities: A Framework to Develop Dynamic Assessment of the Nonprofit Sector
Authors: Castillo Elizabeth A.
Published: December 2018

Metrics are essential for assessing performance and guiding course corrections. However, selecting the wrong metrics can damage organizations and communities by promoting resource investment in activities that don’t lead to envisioned impacts. Therefore, it is essential to reflect on what qualities an effective set of metrics should possess before insisting on quantification. This concept paper articulates design principles for developing an index of the nonprofit sector. Drawing from complexity theory and axiology (philosophy of values), the paper explains fundamental questions and values considerations to assist index developers in creating effective measures. It argues for the use of a capabilities approach, operationalized as multiple capitals, as the design architecture. It suggests the social accounting framework of Integrated Reporting as a way to track these capitals over multiple levels and time horizons.
Fabrication and Evaluation of Cellulose-Alginate-Hydroxyapatite Beads for the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Jamshaid Anum , Iqbal Jibran , Hamid Almas , Ghauri Moinuddin , Muhammad Nawshad , Nasrullah Asma , Rafiq Sikander , Shah Noor Samad
Published: December 2018

In the present study, the potential of synthesized mixed cellulose, alginate and hydroxyapatite beads for the efficient removal of Ni (II) and Cu (II) ions from aqueous solutions was investigated. Cellulose, alginate and hydroxyapatite are known for their individual adsorption capacity. Beads were prepared in different ratios of these materials. The prepared beads were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). FTIR and XRD analysis showed characteristic peaks assigned to cellulose, alginate and hydroxyapatite. Thermal stability was observed to increase with increase of hydroxyapatite percentage in beads. SEM images showed increased surface porosity and roughness with the increase of cellulose percentage. The prepared beads were used for the removal of Ni (II) and Cu (II) ions from aqueous solutions and the process was optimized with respect to pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and initial concentration of metal ions. The values of the coefficient of determination (R2) of the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption model indicated that the adsorbed Cu (II) and Ni (II) ions form monolayer coverage on the adsorbent surface. In kinetic analysis, Pseudo-second-order model fitted the kinetic experimental data well, as it showed high R2 value; above 0.9990.
Religionsunterricht planen: Zum Verhältnis zwischen Kompetenzen und Lernzielen
Authors: Schweitzer Friedrich
Published: December 2018

This article discusses the task of lesson planning in RE in relationship to the recent approach of competence-oriented RE and the traditional concept of learning aims. First, the author describes a number of related difficulties experienced in teacher training concerning competence-oriented lesson planning as the background which motivates the discussion in this article. Second, the author points out the different origins of the current understanding of competences which goes back to research programs like PISA, on the one hand and of learning aims in the actual planning of lessons on the other hand. In the final section, the article describes a number of steps which should be taken in lesson planning for RE and which draw upon both, the competence approach as well as the concept of learning aims.
Development and Implementation of an HIV Health Care Practice Transformation Model for Latinos
Authors: Felizzola Jesus , Wolfrum Sarah G. , Sol Catalina , Zea Maria Cecilia , Nieves-Lugo Karen , del Río-González Ana María , Pinho Veronica , Funk Danielle , Weeks Katy
Published: December 2018

A Latino Community Health Center in Washington, D.C. implemented and evaluated a practice transformative model to optimize human resources and improve quality health outcomes in HIV service delivery for Latino patients. We conducted a qualitative formative assessment through interviews and focus groups with clinic staff and patients living with HIV/AIDS in order to inform implementation. The formative assessment identified specific training and practice facilitation needs and provided valuable insight for choosing evaluation metrics. Incorporating staff input fostered staff engagement in laying the foundation of the transformation and helped build a sense of ownership of the transformative process. Through the formative assessment process we gained insight into the organization's HIV practice and improved our ability to align practice transformation goals with evaluation metrics to better measure changes resulting from the model implementation. The formative assessment process also highlighted challenges in conducting health systems research with Latino communities in the U.S.
Nociceptin/Orphanin-FQ Inhibits Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons via G-Protein-Gated Inwardly Rectifying Potassium Channels
Authors: Constantin Stephanie , Wray Susan
Published: December 2018

The pulsatile release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a key feature of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. Kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) trigger GnRH neuronal activity, but how GnRH neurons return to baseline electrical activity is unknown. Nociceptin/orphanin-FQ (OFQ) is an inhibitory neuromodulator. ARC proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons, known to receive inputs from ARC kisspeptin neurons, contact GnRH neurons and coexpress OFQ in the rat. In the present study, the effect of OFQ(1-13) on GnRH neurons was determined in the mouse. We identified transcripts for the OFQ receptor [opioid receptor like 1 (ORL1)] in GnRH neurons, and, using two-model systems (explants and slices), we found that OFQ exerted a potent inhibition on GnRH neurons, with or without excitatory inputs. We confirmed that the inhibition was mediated by ORL1 via Gi/o-protein coupling. The inhibition, occurring independently of levels of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate, was sensitive to inwardly rectifying potassium channels. The only specific blocker of Gi/o-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels, tertiapin-Q (TPNQ), was ineffective in the inhibition of OFQ. Two GIRK activators, one sharing the binding site of TPNQ and one active only on GIRK1-containing GIRK channels, failed to trigger an inhibition. In contrast, protein kinase C phosphorylation activation, known to inhibit GIRK2-mediated currents, prevented the OFQ inhibition. These results indicate a specific combination of GIRK subunits, GIRK2/3 in GnRH neurons.In vivo, double-labeled OFQ/POMC fibers were found in the vicinity of GnRH neurons, and OFQ fibers apposed GnRH neurons. Together, this study brings to light a potent neuromodulator of GnRH neurons.
Inhibition of Nigrostriatal Dopamine Release by Striatal GABAAand GABABReceptors
Authors: Lopes Emanuel F. , Roberts Bradley M. , Siddorn Ruth E. , Clements Michael A. , Cragg Stephanie J.
Published: December 2018

Nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) is critical to action selection and learning. Axonal DA release is locally influenced by striatal neurotransmitters. Striatal neurons are principally GABAergic projection neurons and interneurons, and a small minority of other neurons are cholinergic interneurons (ChIs). ChIs strongly gate striatal DA release via nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) identified on DA axons. Striatal GABA is thought to modulate DA, but GABA receptors have not been documented conclusively on DA axons. However, ChIs express GABA receptors and are therefore candidates for potential mediators of GABA regulation of DA. We addressed whether striatal GABA and its receptors can modulate DA release directly, independently from ChI regulation, by detecting DA in striatal slices from male mice using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry in the absence of nAChR activation. DA release evoked by single electrical pulses in the presence of the nAChR antagonist dihydro-β-erythroidine was reduced by GABA or agonists of GABAAor GABABreceptors, with effects prevented by selective GABA receptor antagonists. GABA agonists slightly modified the frequency sensitivity of DA release during short stimulus trains. GABA agonists also suppressed DA release evoked by optogenetic stimulation of DA axons. Furthermore, antagonists of GABAAand GABABreceptors together, or GABABreceptors alone, significantly enhanced DA release evoked by either optogenetic or electrical stimuli. These results indicate that striatal GABA can inhibit DA release through GABAAand GABABreceptors and that these actions are not mediated by cholinergic circuits. Furthermore, these data reveal that there is a tonic inhibition of DA release by striatal GABA operating through predominantly GABABreceptors.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe principal inhibitory transmitter in the mammalian striatum, GABA, is thought to modulate striatal dopamine (DA) release, but definitive evidence for GABA receptors on DA axons is lacking. Striatal cholinergic interneurons regulate DA release via axonal nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) and also express GABA receptors, but they have not been eliminated as potentially critical mediators of DA regulation by GABA. Here, we found that GABAAand GABABreceptors inhibit DA release without requiring cholinergic interneurons. Furthermore, ambient levels of GABA inhibited DA release predominantly through GABABreceptors. These findings provide further support for direct inhibition of DA release by GABA receptors and reveal that striatal GABA operates a tonic inhibition on DA output that could critically influence striatal output.
Local Acceleration of Neurofilament Transport at Nodes of Ranvier
Authors: Walker Cynthia L. , Uchida Atsuko , Li Yinyun , Trivedi Niraj , Fenn J. Daniel , Monsma Paula C. , Lariviére Roxanne C. , Julien Jean-Pierre , Jung Peter , Brown Anthony
Published: December 2018

Myelinated axons are constricted at nodes of Ranvier. These constrictions are important physiologically because they increase the speed of saltatory nerve conduction, but they also represent potential bottlenecks for the movement of axonally transported cargoes. One type of cargo are neurofilaments, which are abundant space-filling cytoskeletal polymers that function to increase axon caliber. Neurofilaments move bidirectionally along axons, alternating between rapid movements and prolonged pauses. Strikingly, axon constriction at nodes is accompanied by a reduction in neurofilament number that can be as much as 10-fold in the largest axons. To investigate how neurofilaments navigate these constrictions, we developed a transgenic mouse strain that expresses a photoactivatable fluorescent neurofilament protein in neurons. We used the pulse-escape fluorescence photoactivation technique to analyze neurofilament transport in mature myelinated axons of tibial nerves from male and female mice of this strainex vivo. Fluorescent neurofilaments departed the activated region more rapidly in nodes than in flanking internodes, indicating that neurofilament transport is faster in nodes. By computational modeling, we showed that this nodal acceleration can be explained largely by a local increase in the duty cycle of neurofilament transport (i.e., the proportion of the time that the neurofilaments spend moving). We propose that this transient acceleration functions to maintain a constant neurofilament flux across nodal constrictions, much as the current increases where a river narrows its banks. In this way, neurofilaments are prevented from piling up in the flanking internodes, ensuring a stable neurofilament distribution and uniform axonal morphology across these physiologically important axonal domains.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMyelinated axons are constricted at nodes of Ranvier, resulting in a marked local decrease in neurofilament number. These constrictions are important physiologically because they increase the efficiency of saltatory nerve conduction, but they also represent potential bottlenecks for the axonal transport of neurofilaments, which move along axons in a rapid intermittent manner. Imaging of neurofilament transport in mature myelinated axonsex vivoreveals that neurofilament polymers navigate these nodal axonal constrictions by accelerating transiently, much as the current increases where a river narrows its banks. This local acceleration is necessary to ensure a stable axonal morphology across nodal constrictions, which may explain the vulnerability of nodes of Ranvier to neurofilament accumulations in animal models of neurotoxic neuropathies and neurodegenerative diseases.
Neurod1 Is Essential for the Primary Tonotopic Organization and Related Auditory Information Processing in the Midbrain
Authors: Macova Iva , Pysanenko Kateryna , Chumak Tetyana , Dvorakova Martina , Bohuslavova Romana , Syka Josef , Fritzsch Bernd , Pavlinkova Gabriela
Published: December 2018

Hearing depends on extracting frequency, intensity, and temporal properties from sound to generate an auditory map for acoustical signal processing. How physiology intersects with molecular specification to fine tune the developing properties of the auditory system that enable these aspects remains unclear. We made a novel conditional deletion model that eliminates the transcription factor NEUROD1 exclusively in the ear. These mice (both sexes) develop a truncated frequency range with no neuroanatomically recognizable mapping of spiral ganglion neurons onto distinct locations in the cochlea nor a cochleotopic map presenting topographically discrete projections to the cochlear nuclei. The disorganized primary cochleotopic map alters tuning properties of the inferior colliculus units, which display abnormal frequency, intensity, and temporal sound coding. At the behavioral level, animals show alterations in the acoustic startle response, consistent with altered neuroanatomical and physiological properties. We demonstrate that absence of the primary afferent topology during embryonic development leads to dysfunctional tonotopy of the auditory system. Such effects have never been investigated in other sensory systems because of the lack of comparable single gene mutation models.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAll sensory systems form a topographical map of neuronal projections from peripheral sensory organs to the brain. Neuronal projections in the auditory pathway are cochleotopically organized, providing a tonotopic map of sound frequencies. Primary sensory maps typically arise by molecular cues, requiring physiological refinements. Past work has demonstrated physiologic plasticity in many senses without ever molecularly undoing the specific mapping of an entire primary sensory projection. We genetically manipulated primary auditory neurons to generate a scrambled cochleotopic projection. Eliminating tonotopic representation to auditory nuclei demonstrates the inability of physiological processes to restore a tonotopic presentation of sound in the midbrain. Our data provide the first insights into the limits of physiology-mediated brainstem plasticity during the development of the auditory system.