bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antinociceptive effect of N-acetyl glucosamine in a rat model of neuropathic pain
Authors: Mohebbi Ehsan , Molavi Mehdi , Amin Mohamadreza , Amin Bahareh , Sahebkar Mohammad
Published: February 2022

Objective:

This study was aimed at evaluating the efficacy of glucosamine and potential mechanisms of actions in a neuropathic pain model in rats.

Methods:

Glucosamine (500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg) was administered via gavage route, 1 day before the chronic constriction injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve and daily for 14 days (prophylactic regimen), or from days 5 to 14 post-injury (therapeutic regimen), as the indicators of neuropathic pain, mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were assessed on days 0, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 after ligation. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) gene expressions were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. TNF-α protein content was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.

Results:

Three days after nerve injury, the threshold of pain was declined among animals subjected to neuropathic pain. Mechanical and cold allodynia, as well as thermal hyperalgesia were attenuated by glucosamine (500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg) in the prophylactic regimen. However, existing pain was not decreased by this drug. Increased mRNA expression of iNOS and TNF-α was significantly reduced in the spinal cord of CCI animals by glucosamine (500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg) in the prophylactic regimen. The overall expression of spinal TNF-α was increased by CCI, but this increase was reduced in animals receiving glucosamine prophylactic treatment.

Conclusion:

Findings suggest that glucosamine as a safe supplement may be a useful candidate in preventing neuropathic pain following nerve injury. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects may be at least in part responsible for the antinociceptive effects of this drug.
Kinematic and dynamic analysis of a dexterous multi-fingered delta robot for object catching
Authors: Kansal Sachin , Mukherjee Sudipto
Published: February 2022

This paper presents a new combined 9-DOF [3R-3R-3R] parallel architecture to perform the object catching in the real-time scenario. The architecture design is intended to carry heavy payload objects for the catching. This paper covers modelling the new architecture, kinematics, and dynamic analyses to compute torques/forces at the actuators. The simulation of kinematic and dynamic analysis in MATLAB. Vision sensors, encoders, PID controller, and current limiting are used to perform object catching. The architecture is the only delta robot application designed to catch regular-shaped objects in real-time scenarios.
‘Concealment of What is Closed’: Western Necrocivilization in David Greig’s Version of Aeschylus’s The Suppliant Women
Authors: Stewart Sarah
Published: February 2022

UK crises of hospitality, feminism, and democracy are as acute as ever despite ostensible commitment to the values that foster them. This article examines David Greig’s 2016 Edinburgh version of Aeschylus’s Suppliants as it attempts to expand spaces of democracy into the theatre, and investigates the foundations of democratic institutions. Drawing on Achille Mbembe’s formulation of necropolitics and Elaine Scarry’s theorization of civilization, it highlights necrocivilizational elements in the production’s premise and reception. It argues that Greig’s presentation of Aeschylus’s play presents a more complex engagement with western democracy, asylum, theatre, and civilization than commentators have acknowledged. Rather than primarily opening up new spaces of negotiation among asylum-seekers and citizens in the community, The Suppliant Women foregrounds the exclusionary discursive tactics operating under the auspices of civilization that leave the logics underpinning the UK’s asylum policy largely untroubled. Sarah Stewart is an independent researcher whose work centres on the relationships forged between asylum-seekers, members of the theatre establishment, and citizen communities within and beyond the performance space. She holds a PhD in English Literature from the University of Edinburgh.
Merging pruning and neuroevolution: towards robust and efficient controllers for modular soft robots
Authors: Nadizar Giorgia , Medvet Eric , Huse Ramstad Hola , Nichele Stefano , Pellegrino Felice Andrea , Zullich Marco
Published: February 2022

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) can be employed as controllers for robotic agents. Their structure is often complex, with many neurons and connections, especially when the robots have many sensors and actuators distributed across their bodies and/or when high expressive power is desirable. Pruning (removing neurons or connections) reduces the complexity of the ANN, thus increasing its energy efficiency, and has been reported to improve the generalization capability, in some cases. In addition, it is well-known that pruning in biological neural networks plays a fundamental role in the development of brains and their ability to learn. In this study, we consider the evolutionary optimization of neural controllers for the case study of Voxel-based soft robots, a kind of modular, bio-inspired soft robots, applying pruning during fitness evaluation. For a locomotion task, and for centralized as well as distributed controllers, we experimentally characterize the effect of different forms of pruning on after-pruning effectiveness, life-long effectiveness, adaptability to new terrains, and behavior. We find that incorporating some forms of pruning in neuroevolution leads to almost equally effective controllers as those evolved without pruning, with the benefit of higher robustness to pruning. We also observe occasional improvements in generalization ability.
Worth more than 1000 words: how photographs can bolster viewers’ valuing of biodiversity
Authors: Gehlbach Hunter , Robinson Carly D , Vriesema Christine Calderon , Bernal Eduardo , Heise Ursula K
Published: February 2022

For many, declining biodiversity represents an emotionally and psychologically distant ‘cost’ – similar to how a number of people perceive climate change. Using an expectancy-value theory framework, we showed participants photographs that visibly illustrated the threat of biodiversity loss. Specifically, we tested a combination of preregistered and exploratory hypotheses through an online experiment (n = 843) to understand whether viewing photographs of plants and animals (with and without captions) bolstered people’s valuing of biodiversity and willingness to donate to a nature-focused charity relative to a control group. Participants who viewed photographs (without captions) valued biodiversity more and donated more to the nature-focused charity; those who viewed photographs with captions showed similar though more muted (non-statistically significant) effects. Follow-up mediation analyses on the photographs-only participants suggested that the photographs may have catalysed negative emotions that increased valuing of biodiversity and, in turn, increased donations. This study provides preregistered evidence that thoughtfully selected photographs boost people’s valuing of biodiversity and exploratory evidence that the pathway through which that might occur is more likely via negative emotions than through reduced psychological distance. Educators, conservationists, journalists and others may find these results informative as they develop strategies for addressing the acute problem of biodiversity loss.
Lifespan “Changes from Above” in the Standardization of Japanese Regional Dialects: Levels of Grammar, Lexical Properties and Community Characteristics
Authors: Takano Shoji
Published: February 2022

This paper examines sociolinguistic properties of lifespan changes in language use from a non-Western perspective. Based on real-time studies in a change from above context (standardization) and panel surveys of prosody, the paper demonstrates that the stability of individuals’ language use over time varies along the following interwoven factors: (1) levels of grammar; (2) lexical properties; (3) progressive stages of a community in transition; and (4) locally constructed social identities. While segmental phonology and morphosyntax remain intact, lexical accents and vocabulary items tend to change in close linkage to sociolinguistic properties of individual words. Such changes are also motivated by the coexistence of an incoming standard, revitalized traditional dialect, and newly emerging “diaglossic” in-between variants in a community that is shifting to bidialectalism. Lifespan changes could also be community-specific, varying even within a single dialect region between two communities across which the stages of standardization and members’ locally constructed social identities differ.
Human‐in‐the‐Loop Segmentation of Earth Surface Imagery
Authors: Buscombe D. , Goldstein E. B. , Sherwood C. R. , Bodine C. , Brown J. A. , Favela J. , Fitzpatrick S. , Kranenburg C. J. , Over J. R. , Ritchie A. C. , Warrick J. A. , Wernette P.
Published: February 2022

Segmentation, or the classification of pixels (grid cells) in imagery, is ubiquitously applied in the natural sciences. Manual methods are often prohibitively time‐consuming, especially those images consisting of small objects and/or significant spatial heterogeneity of colors or textures. Labeling complicated regions of transition that in Earth surface imagery are represented by collections of mixed‐pixels, ‐textures, and ‐spectral signatures, can be especially error‐prone because it is difficult to reliably unmix, identify and delineate consistently. However, the success of supervised machine learning (ML) approaches is entirely dependent on good label data. We describe a fast, semi‐automated, method for interactive segmentation of N‐dimensional (x, y, N) images into two‐dimensional (x, y) label images. It uses human‐in‐the‐loop ML to achieve consensus between the labeler and a model in an iterative workflow. The technique is reproducible; the sequence of decisions made by human labeler and ML algorithms can be encoded to file, so the entire process can be played back and new outputs generated with alternative decisions and/or algorithms. We illustrate the scientific potential of segmentation of imagery of diverse settings and image types using six case studies from river, estuarine, and open coast environments. These photographic and non‐photographic imagery consist of 1‐ and 3‐bands on regular and irregular grids ranging from centimeters to tens of meters. We demonstrate high levels of agreement in label images generated by several labelers on the same imagery, and make suggestions to achieve consensus and measure uncertainty, ideal for widespread application in training supervised ML for image segmentation.
The Influence of Precipitation Phase Changes on the Recharge Process of Terrestrial Water Storage in the Cold Season Over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Guodong , He Yongli , Huang Jianping , Guan Xiaodan , Wang Xiaoxia , Hu Huancui , Wang Shanshan , Xie Yongkun
Published: February 2022

Climate warming has affected the land surface and atmospheric temperature over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), resulting in a series of hydrological changes, such as atmospheric wetting and decreasing terrestrial water storage (TWS). According to Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment data, TWS higher than 2,500 m over the TP significantly decreased during the 1979–2019 period, with a more enhanced trend in the cold season. Previous studies have mainly focused on the influence of global warming on the discharge process in the warm season, such as glacier melting, increasing runoff and decreasing snow cover. The changes in atmospheric moisture recharge in the cold season and its contribution to decreasing TWS remain unclear. Based on the time scale, the hydrological process can be divided into slow (snowfall and evaporation) and fast (rainfall and runoff) processes. Our results suggest that the TWS changes in the cold season are dominated by slow processes. Cold‐season warming over the TP can increase the atmospheric melting level height (MLH), leading to a transition from snowfall to rainfall. Consequently, the decreasing snowfall and increasing evaporation induced by warming result in a net decrease in atmospheric recharge to the TWS. A quantified contribution of the fast and slow processes to the TWS changes in the cold season indicates that the slow processes play a dominant role over most of the TP, except for the Hexi, Inner, Qaidam, Yangtze, and Yellow Basins. Decreasing atmospheric recharge could accelerate the decrease in TWS, which motivates further investigation to better predict the hydrological response.
Early Weight Loss in Adolescent Weight Management: The Role of the Home Environment
Authors: Darling Katherine E. , van Dulmen Manfred H. M. , Putt Geoffrey E. , Sato Amy F.
Published: February 2022

Objective:

Successful weight loss early in treatment is a key factor for long-term weight management success in adolescence. Yet prior research has not examined factors in the home environment related to risk for increased weight status as potential predictors of early weight management success. The primary goal of the present study was to explore the impact of modifiable household factors on baseline weight status and early weight status change among adolescents participating in an outpatient weight management program to identify clinical targets of early intervention.

Method:

Parents of adolescents ( N = 188) presenting to an interdisciplinary weight management clinic within a children’s hospital completed measures at initial presentation. Objective adolescent weight status was collected at baseline and 2-month follow-up ( n = 97).

Results:

Household chaos was significantly associated with weight status at presentation to the clinic, F(3, 181) = 3.85, p = .011. Similarly, household chaos was the only unique predictor of weight change from baseline to 2 months, F(3, 92) = 3.03 p = .033.

Conclusions:

Household factors, particularly household chaos, have often been overlooked in the adolescent obesity literature but are likely key contributors to early intervention response in a clinical weight management. This study highlights the importance of assessing and intervening on chaos in the household as higher levels of chaos may negatively impact early treatment outcomes among adolescents with obesity.

Implications for Impact Statement

The present study suggests that household chaos may be a key modifiable factor impeding adolescent weight loss early in treatment. Although not often considered in prior research, chaos may serve as a key target for future weight management interventions to promote improved outcomes during adolescence.
Endosymbionts moderate constrained sex allocation in a haplodiploid thrips species in a temperature-sensitive way
Authors: Katlav Alihan , Nguyen Duong T. , Morrow Jennifer L. , Spooner-Hart Robert N. , Riegler Markus
Published: February 2022

Maternally inherited bacterial endosymbionts that affect host fitness are common in nature. Some endosymbionts colonise host populations by reproductive manipulations (such as cytoplasmic incompatibility; CI) that increase the reproductive fitness of infected over uninfected females. Theory predicts that CI-inducing endosymbionts in haplodiploid hosts may also influence sex allocation, including in compatible crosses, however, empirical evidence for this is scarce. We examined the role of two common CI-inducing endosymbionts, Cardinium and Wolbachia, in the sex allocation of Pezothrips kellyanus, a haplodiploid thrips species with a split sex ratio. In this species, irrespective of infection status, some mated females are constrained to produce extremely male-biased broods, whereas other females produce extremely female-biased broods. We analysed brood sex ratio of females mated with males of the same infection status at two temperatures. We found that at 20 °C the frequency of constrained sex allocation in coinfected pairs was reduced by 27% when compared to uninfected pairs. However, at 25 °C the constrained sex allocation frequency increased and became similar between coinfected and uninfected pairs, resulting in more male-biased population sex ratios at the higher temperature. This temperature-dependent pattern occurred without changes in endosymbiont densities and compatibility. Our findings indicate that endosymbionts affect sex ratios of haplodiploid hosts beyond the commonly recognised reproductive manipulations by causing female-biased sex allocation in a temperature-dependent fashion. This may contribute to a higher transmission efficiency of CI-inducing endosymbionts and is consistent with previous models that predict that CI by itself is less efficient in driving endosymbiont invasions in haplodiploid hosts.
Superelastic alloy based electrical interconnects for highly stretchable electronics
Authors: Zhao Yangyong , Zhou Weifan , Shi Yixiang , Yang Xianqing , Bai Yuanyuan , Li Lianhui , Wang Shuqi , Li Tie , Feng Simin , Zhang Ting
Published: February 2022

To achieve stretchable inorganic electronics, improving elastic stretchability of the electrical interconnects becomes a bottleneck needed to be addressed. Here, we propose a material of Ni-Ti superelastic alloy for the design and fabrication of deformable interconnects, whose intrinsic elastic property overcomes the low intrinsic elastic strain limit of conventional metals. The serpentine interconnect made by Ni-Ti alloy with an intrinsic elastic strain limit of ~7.5% represents a much higher elastic stretchability than conventional Cu interconnect. The deformation behavior of the interconnect is systematically investigated through finite element analysis (FEA) simulations and experiments. The results reveal that the interconnect exhibits an elastic stretchability up to 196%, and its resistance only changes by 0.4% with 100% strain. Moreover, the potentials and challenges of other superelastic alloys as electrical interconnects are discussed. The proposed superelastic alloys fundamentally boost the stretchable properties of electrical interconnects, which would open up opportunities for flexible and stretchable electronics.
Answer ALS, a large-scale resource for sporadic and familial ALS combining clinical and multi-omics data from induced pluripotent cell lines
Authors: Baxi Emily G. , Thompson Terri , Li Jonathan , Kaye Julia A. , Lim Ryan G. , Wu Jie , Ramamoorthy Divya , Lima Leandro , Vaibhav Vineet , Matlock Andrea , Frank Aaron , Coyne Alyssa N. , Landin Barry , Ornelas Loren , Mosmiller Elizabeth , Thrower Sara , Farr S. Michelle , Panther Lindsey , Gomez Emilda , Galvez Erick , Perez Daniel , Meepe Imara , Lei Susan , Mandefro Berhan , Trost Hannah , Pinedo Louis , Banuelos Maria G. , Liu Chunyan , Moran Ruby , Garcia Veronica , Workman Michael , Ho Richie , Wyman Stacia , Roggenbuck Jennifer , Harms Matthew B. , Stocksdale Jennifer , Miramontes Ricardo , Wang Keona , Venkatraman Vidya , Holewenski Ronald , Sundararaman Niveda , Pandey Rakhi , Manalo Danica-Mae , Donde Aneesh , Huynh Nhan , Adam Miriam , Wassie Brook T. , Vertudes Edward , Amirani Naufa , Raja Krishna , Thomas Reuben , Hayes Lindsey , Lenail Alex , Cerezo Aianna , Luppino Sarah , Farrar Alanna , Pothier Lindsay , Prina Carolyn , Morgan Todd , Jamil Arish , Heintzman Sarah , Jockel-Balsarotti Jennifer , Karanja Elizabeth , Markway Jesse , McCallum Molly , Joslin Ben , Alibazoglu Deniz , Kolb Stephen , Ajroud-Driss Senda , Baloh Robert , Heitzman Daragh , Miller Tim , Glass Jonathan D. , Patel-Murray Natasha Leanna , Yu Hong , Sinani Ervin , Vigneswaran Prasha , Sherman Alexander V. , Ahmad Omar , Roy Promit , Beavers Jay C. , Zeiler Steven , Krakauer John W. , Agurto Carla , Cecchi Guillermo , Bellard Mary , Raghav Yogindra , Sachs Karen , Ehrenberger Tobias , Bruce Elizabeth , Cudkowicz Merit E. , Maragakis Nicholas , Norel Raquel , Van Eyk Jennifer E. , Finkbeiner Steven , Berry James , Sareen Dhruv , Thompson Leslie M. , Fraenkel Ernest , Svendsen Clive N. , Rothstein Jeffrey D.
Published: February 2022

Answer ALS is a biological and clinical resource of patient-derived, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell lines, multi-omic data derived from iPS neurons and longitudinal clinical and smartphone data from over 1,000 patients with ALS. This resource provides population-level biological and clinical data that may be employed to identify clinical–molecular–biochemical subtypes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A unique smartphone-based system was employed to collect deep clinical data, including fine motor activity, speech, breathing and linguistics/cognition. The iPS spinal neurons were blood derived from each patient and these cells underwent multi-omic analytics including whole-genome sequencing, RNA transcriptomics, ATAC-sequencing and proteomics. The intent of these data is for the generation of integrated clinical and biological signatures using bioinformatics, statistics and computational biology to establish patterns that may lead to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of disease, including subgroup identification. A web portal for open-source sharing of all data was developed for widespread community-based data analytics.
EU-Trees4F, a dataset on the future distribution of European tree species
Authors: Mauri Achille , Girardello Marco , Strona Giovanni , Beck Pieter S. A. , Forzieri Giovanni , Caudullo Giovanni , Manca Federica , Cescatti Alessandro
Published: February 2022

We present “EU-Trees4F”, a dataset of current and future potential distributions of 67 tree species in Europe at 10 km spatial resolution. We provide both climatically suitable future areas of occupancy and the future distribution expected under a scenario of natural dispersal for two emission scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) and three time steps (2035, 2065, and 2095). Also, we provide a version of the dataset where tree ranges are limited by future land use. These data-driven projections were made using an ensemble species distribution model calibrated using EU-Forest, a comprehensive dataset of tree species occurrences for Europe, and driven by seven bioclimatic parameters derived from EURO-CORDEX regional climate model simulations, and two soil parameters. “EU-Trees4F”, can benefit various research fields, including forestry, biodiversity, ecosystem services, and bio-economy. Possible applications include the calibration or benchmarking of dynamic vegetation models, or informing forest adaptation strategies based on assisted tree migration. Given the multiple European policy initiatives related to forests, this dataset represents a timely and valuable resource to support policymaking.
The oxidative stress and metabolic response of Acinetobacter baumannii for aPDT multiple photosensitization
Authors: Wanarska Ewelina , Mielko Karolina Anna , Maliszewska Irena , Młynarz Piotr
Published: February 2022

The use of antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation as a non-antibiotic alternative method to inactivate Acinetobacter baumannii was described in response to the ever-growing problem of antibiotic resistance. It was found that irradiation of the bacterial suspension for 10 min reduced the number of viable cells by approximately 99% and this energy fluence was considered to be sub-lethal phototherapy. The lethal dose of laser light (cell mortality about 99.9%) was 9.54 J cm−2, which corresponds to 30 min of irradiation. After a 15-fold phototherapy cycle, the tolerance to aPDT decreased, resulting in a decrease in the number of viable cells by 2.15 and 3.23 log10 CFU/ml units with the use of sub-lethal and lethal light doses, respectively. Multiple photosensitizations decreased the biofilm formation efficiency by 25 ± 1% and 35 ± 1%, respectively. No changes in antibiotic resistance were observed, whereas the cells were more sensitive to hydrogen peroxide. Metabolomic changes after multiple photosensitization were studied and 1H NMR measurements were used in statistical and multivariate data analysis. Many significant changes in the levels of the metabolites were detected demonstrating the response of A. baumannii to oxidative stress.
Umbrella effect of monitoring protocols for mammals in the Northeast US
Authors: Mortelliti Alessio , Brehm Allison M. , Evans Bryn E.
Published: February 2022

Developing cost-effective monitoring protocols is a priority for wildlife conservation agencies worldwide. In particular, developing protocols that cover a wide range of species is highly desirable. Here we applied the ‘umbrella species’ concept to the context of ecological monitoring; specifically testing the hypothesis that protocols developed for the American marten would contextually allow detecting occupancy trends for 13 other mammalian species (i.e., an umbrella effect). We conducted a large-scale four-year camera trapping survey across a gradient of forest disturbance in Maine, USA. We sampled 197 sites using a total of 591 cameras and collected over 800,000 photographs to generate detection histories for the most common terrestrial species. By combining multi-season occupancy modelling and power analyses, we estimated the required sampling effort to detect 10%, 25% and 50% declines in the fourteen species. By conducting a spatially explicit comparison of sampling effort, we found evidence that monitoring protocols for American marten would provide an umbrella effect for up to 11 other mammal species. The capacity of the umbrella effect varied among species, with fisher, snowshoe hare, red squirrel, and black bear consistently covered under several scenarios. Our results support the application of the umbrella species concept to monitoring (here defined as ‘umbrella monitoring species’), providing empirical evidence for its use by management agencies.
MACSima imaging cyclic staining (MICS) technology reveals combinatorial target pairs for CAR T cell treatment of solid tumors
Authors: Kinkhabwala Ali , Herbel Christoph , Pankratz Jennifer , Yushchenko Dmytro A. , Rüberg Silvia , Praveen Paurush , Reiß Sandy , Rodriguez Federico Carlos , Schäfer Daniel , Kollet Jutta , Dittmer Vera , Martinez-Osuna Manuel , Minnerup Lara , Reinhard Claudia , Dzionek Andrzej , Rockel Thomas Dino , Borbe Stefan , Büscher Martin , Krieg Jürgen , Nederlof Michel , Jungblut Melanie , Eckardt Dominik , Hardt Olaf , Dose Christian , Schumann Eik , Peters Ralf-Peter , Miltenyi Stefan , Schmitz Jürgen , Müller Werner , Bosio Andreas
Published: February 2022

Many critical advances in research utilize techniques that combine high-resolution with high-content characterization at the single cell level. We introduce the MICS (MACSima Imaging Cyclic Staining) technology, which enables the immunofluorescent imaging of hundreds of protein targets across a single specimen at subcellular resolution. MICS is based on cycles of staining, imaging, and erasure, using photobleaching of fluorescent labels of recombinant antibodies (REAfinity Antibodies), or release of antibodies (REAlease Antibodies) or their labels (REAdye_lease Antibodies). Multimarker analysis can identify potential targets for immune therapy against solid tumors. With MICS we analysed human glioblastoma, ovarian and pancreatic carcinoma, and 16 healthy tissues, identifying the pair EPCAM/THY1 as a potential target for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for ovarian carcinoma. Using an Adapter CAR T cell approach, we show selective killing of cells only if both markers are expressed. MICS represents a new high-content microscopy methodology widely applicable for personalized medicine.
Vibration analysis of nanobeams subjected to gradient-type heating due to a static magnetic field under the theory of nonlocal elasticity
Authors: Ahmad Hijaz , Abouelregal Ahmed E. , Benhamed Moez , Alotaibi Maged Faihan , Jendoubi Abir
Published: February 2022

Nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) have received great interest from researchers around the world since the advent of nanotechnology and nanoengineering. This can be attributed due to the unique characteristics of NEMS devices and their wide range of applications. Among these applications, nanobeams and nanotubes now have an important role in the design of a variety of NEMS engineering devices. In the current research, the thermoelastic vibration analysis of Euler–Bernoulli nanobeams has been investigated using the theory of non-local elasticity proposed by Eringen. Also to study the effect of temperature change, the generalized thermoelastic model with dual phase-lag (DPL) is applied. The studied nanobeam is subjected to an axial thermal excitation load and surrounded by a magnetic field of constant strength. The Laplace transform technique has been used to solve the system differential equations and to find an approximate analytical solution for the different physical fields of the nanobeam. The numerical results obtained for the studied variables have been graphically clarified and discussed analytically. The effects of various influencing factors such as magnetic field strength, temperature change, non-local parameter as well as ramp type parameter have been examined and studied in detail.
Monitoring global climate change using GNSS radio occultation
Authors: Gleisner Hans , Ringer Mark A. , Healy Sean B.
Published: February 2022

The emerging signal of climate change is now clearly evident in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) data, matching predictions made by climate models 15 years ago. The observed RO trends represent well-understood responses to global warming, in particular the widespread cooling of the lower stratosphere and warming of the troposphere. This demonstrates the value of RO measurements for climate monitoring, consistent with their information content and their use in both weather forecasting and atmospheric reanalyses.
Mt. Everest’s highest glacier is a sentinel for accelerating ice loss
Authors: Potocki Mariusz , Mayewski Paul Andrew , Matthews Tom , Perry L. Baker , Schwikowski Margit , Tait Alexander M. , Korotkikh Elena , Clifford Heather , Kang Shichang , Sherpa Tenzing Chogyal , Singh Praveen Kumar , Koch Inka , Birkel Sean
Published: February 2022

Mountain glacier systems are decreasing in volume worldwide yet relatively little is known about their upper reaches (>5000 m). Here we show, based on the world’s highest ice core and highest automatic weather stations, the significant and increasing role that melting and sublimation have on the mass loss of even Mt. Everest’s highest glacier (South Col Glacier, 8020 m). Estimated contemporary thinning rates approaching ~2 m a−1water equivalent (w.e.) indicate several decades of accumulation may be lost on an annual basis now that glacier ice has been exposed. These results identify extreme sensitivity to glacier surface type for high altitude Himalayan ice masses and forewarn of rapidly emerging impacts as Mt. Everest’s highest glacier appears destined for rapid retreat.
Cell density-dependent antibiotic tolerance to inhibition of the elongation machinery requires fully functional PBP1B
Authors: Grinnell Addison , Sloan Ryan , Morgenstein Randy M.
Published: February 2022

The peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall provides shape and structure to most bacteria. There are two systems to build PG in rod shaped organisms: the elongasome and divisome, which are made up of many proteins including the essential MreB and PBP2, or FtsZ and PBP3, respectively. The elongasome is responsible for PG insertion during cell elongation, while the divisome is responsible for septal PG insertion during division. We found that the main elongasome proteins, MreB and PBP2, can be inhibited without affecting growth rate in a quorum sensing-independent density-dependent manner. Before cells reach a particular cell density, inhibition of the elongasome results in different physiological responses, including intracellular vesicle formation and an increase in cell size. This inhibition of MreB or PBP2 can be compensated for by the presence of the class A penicillin binding protein, PBP1B. Furthermore, we found this density-dependent growth resistance to be specific for elongasome inhibition and was consistent across multiple Gram-negative rods, providing new areas of research into antibiotic treatment.
The ubiquitous catechol moiety elicits siderophore and angucycline production in Streptomyces
Authors: van Bergeijk Doris A. , Elsayed Somayah S. , Du Chao , Santiago Isabel Nuñez , Roseboom Anna M. , Zhang Le , Carrión Victor J. , Spaink Herman P. , van Wezel Gilles P.
Published: February 2022

Actinobacteria are a rich source of bioactive molecules, and genome sequencing has shown that the vast majority of their biosynthetic potential has yet to be explored. However, many of their biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) are poorly expressed in the laboratory, which prevents discovery of their cognate natural products. To exploit their full biosynthetic potential, better understanding of the signals that promote the expression of BGCs is needed. Here, we show that the human stress hormone epinephrine (adrenaline) elicits siderophore production by Actinobacteria. Catechol was established as the likely eliciting moiety, since similar responses were seen for catechol and for the catechol-containing molecules dopamine and catechin but not for related molecules. Exploration of the catechol-responsive strain Streptomyces sp. MBT84 using mass spectral networking revealed elicitation of a BGC that produces the angucycline glycosides aquayamycin, urdamycinone B and galtamycin C. Heterologous expression of the catechol-cleaving enzymes catechol 1,2-dioxygenase or catechol 2,3-dioxygenase counteracted the eliciting effect of catechol. Thus, our work identifies the ubiquitous catechol moiety as a novel elicitor of the expression of BGCs for specialized metabolites.
Inhibition of tumor recurrence and metastasis via a surgical tumor-derived personalized hydrogel vaccine
Authors: Lu Yi , Wu Chenghu , Yang Yanyan , Chen Xiangzhong , Ge Feihang , Wang Jilong , Deng Junjie
Published: February 2022

Tumor-derived personalized hydrogel vaccine inhibited the tumor recurrence and metastasis through recruiting and maturating dendritic cells to foster the production of powerful antigen-specific T cells.
Facile synthetic routes to bridge-functionalised calix[4]arenes
Authors: Fong Angela , Campbell Cameron L. , Huynh Silvia , McCormick McPherson Laura J. , Teat Simon J. , Bebbington Magnus W. P. , Dalgarno Scott J.
Published: February 2022

Facile synthetic alteration of the calix[4]arene methylene bridges provides access to a range of new molecules whilst preserving the characteristics of this extremely versatile host framework.
Causal discovery of drivers of surface ozone variability in Antarctica using a deep learning algorithm
Authors: Kumar P. , Kuttippurath J. , Mitra A.
Published: February 2022

We use a causal discovery algorithm based on a temporal convolution network (TCN) to discover the drivers of surface ozone variability over Antarctica.
Secondary organic aerosol formation from monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: insights from laboratory studies
Authors: Yang Zhaomin , Du Lin , Li Yongjie , Ge Xinlei
Published: February 2022

This review summarizes in detail the current knowledge in the chemical compositions, formation mechanisms, and physicochemical properties of secondary organic aerosols formed from monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Polymer dielectric films exhibiting superior high-temperature capacitive performance by utilizing an inorganic insulation interlayer
Authors: Zhang Tiandong , Yang Lianyin , Zhang Changhai , Feng Yu , Wang Jian , Shen Zhonghui , Chen Qingguo , Lei Qingquan , Chi Qingguo
Published: February 2022

Utilizing an MgO insulation interlayer reduces electrical conduction and enhances the electric breakdown strength of PEI dielectric films, this facile but effective method significantly improves the high temperature capacitive performance.
An enhanced dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method based on solidification of floating organic drops for the determination of pyrethroid pesticides in tea infusions
Authors: Ju Ziwei , Qian Heng , Pan Nianyou , Huang Yuting , Xu Qinqin , Yan Chen , Zhou Wenfeng
Published: February 2022

A novel enhanced dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method based on solidified floating organic solvents containing [P4,4,4,12][PF6] and a hydrophobic solvent mixture for the determination of four pyrethroid insecticides in tea infusions.
A magneto-controlled biocatalytic cascade with a fluorescent output
Authors: Othman Ali , Smutok Oleh , Kim Yongwook , Minko Sergiy , Melman Artem , Katz Evgeny
Published: February 2022

Magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with two different enzymes, pyruvate kinase and luciferase, were reversibly aggregated and dispersed by applying an external magnetic field, resulting in the switchable activity of the biocatalytic cascade.
Enhanced photocatalytic activity of brown H4Nb6O17/g-C3N4 composite for visible-light driven H2O2 production
Authors: Zhang Luona , Zhao Shiqi , Cheng Xiaorong , Liu Zijie , Liu Ruochen , Dawson Graham
Published: February 2022

Novel, brown H4Nb6O17, was synthesised and a composite heterojunction with g-C3N4 was formed, showing enhanced photocatalytic activity for H2O2 production.
Structural and gasification kinetic studies on co-pyrolysis chars of coal and biomass
Authors: Liu Lang , Zeng Jingsong , Jiao Qingrui , Ren Shan , Yang Jian
Published: February 2022

G(X): a function describing the effect of ash and carbon matrix evolution on gasification reaction rate.
RuII-Complexes of heteroditopic chelating NHC ligands: effective catalysts for the β-alkylation of secondary alcohols and the synthesis of 2-alkylaminoquinoline derivatives following the dehydrogenative protocol
Authors: Singh Vivek Kumar , Donthireddy S. N. R. , Pandey Vipin K. , Rit Arnab
Published: February 2022

RuII-Complexes of a heteroditopic NHC ligand, featuring ImNHC and tzNHC donors, were noted to be very efficient catalysts (up to 0.001 mol%) for β-alkylation of secondary alcohols and one pot synthesis of diverse 2-alkylaminoquinoline derivatives.
Multi-coloured fluorescent sensing toolbox for selective detection of nitroxyl in vitro and ex vivo
Authors: Staikopoulos V. , Zhang X. , Pullen B. P. , Reineck P. , Vidanapathirana A. K. , Lee S. M. , Liu J. , Bursill C. , Hutchinson M. R. , Abell A. D.
Published: February 2022

Methods for the endogenous detection of nitroxyl (azanone; HNO), the reduced and protonated derivative of nitric oxide (NO), are required to define its cardiovascular function and its key role in chronic pain.
Effects of H2 combustion on scale growth and steel surface quality in reheating furnaces
Authors: Cirilli Filippo , Jochler Guido , Mosconi Manuel , Praolini Fabio
Published: February 2022

The use of hydrogen as fuel in the reheating furnaces, to replace (partially or totally) natural gas, causes a modification in the composition of the furnace atmosphere, with low or null concentration of CO2 and an increased concentration of H2O. The new atmosphere may change the scale growth kinetic and may affect the surface properties, in terms of scale removal and formation of decarburized layer. These effects can be studied at laboratory scale simulating the atmosphere generated by H2 combustion considering the working conditions of the burner and the excess oxygen. Hence, the comprehension and quantification of this effect is a fundamental pre-requisite for the use of hydrogen as fuel in reheating and treatment furnaces. For this reason, TenarisDalmine and Rina CSM carried out an experimental activity to simulate reheating and heat treatment process selecting two steels grades: one for line pipe production and one for casing production, two steels in which the more remarkable differences for scale growth and adherence are in the C and Ni content [1,2]. The experimental scenario was defined to verify the effects of the combustion atmosphere simulating the heating of a 20 mm thick pipe at 920 °C and the reheating process at 1230 °C for 180 min. The trials included two possible combustion atmospheres having different H2O concentration and corresponding to 100% natural gas and 100% H2. The steel oxidation and scale formation were studied by TGA (Thermo Gravimetric Analysis) tests. Results showed some increase in scale growth up to 10% during heating at 920 °C and up to 16% in case of re-heating at 1230 °C. The differences between line pipe and casing steel grades were minimal with a slight tendency to higher oxidation for line pipe steel. No decarburization was observed in steel sample heated at 920 °C oxidized in both atmospheres (with 100% natural gas or 100% H2 combustion). Metallographic analysis on TGA samples confirms, for the test with atmosphere form 100%H2, at 1230 °C, the increased thickness of the scale; in these tests, the interface between scale and steel appears more complex and entangled.
Does Metformin Treatment in Pediatric Population Cause Vitamin B12
Deficiency?
Authors: Taş Özen , Kontbay Tugba , Dogan Ozlem , Kose Engin , Berberoglu Merih , Siklar Zeynep , Tumer Leyla , Eminoglu Fatma Tuba
Published: February 2022

Background/Aim There have been no studies to date examining the
effect of metformin treatment on vitamin B12 status in children and adolescents.
In this prospective study, the effects of metformin on blood vitamin B12, serum
methylmalonic acid (MMA), homocysteine and holo-transcobalamin-II (holo-TC-II)
levels were assessed in pediatric age group.

Materials and Methods This prospective study was conducted at the
Pediatric Endocrinology and Adolescent Department between January 2017 and March
2019. Metabolic syndrome and polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosed patients with
insulin resistance and/or impaired glucose tolerance, patients with type
2 diabetes mellitus (DM) treated with metformin were enrolled in study. Blood
vitamin B12, MMA, homocysteine, holo-TC-II levels and hemogram values were
evaluated.

Results Twenty-four patients were enrolled in study. Among these, 15
(62.5%) were female. The mean age of patients was 13.7±2.3
(10–19) years. Sixteen patients were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome
and 8 patients were type 2 DM. At 6-month follow-up of all patients, there was
no statistically significant difference in terms of vitamin B12, homocysteine,
MMA and holo-TC-II levels. A 0.6% decline in vitamin B12 levels were
revealed. At 12-month follow-up of 11 patients (45.8%) (6 Type 2 DM, 5
metabolic syndrome), no statistically significant difference was determined in
vitamin B12, homocysteine, MMA and holo-TC-II levels. There were 6%
decline in vitamin B12 levels and 10.9% increase in homocysteine levels,
5.4% decrease was detected in holo-TC-II level.

Conclusion Although no significant changes in the serum vitamin B12,
homocysteine, MMA or holo-TC-II levels with metformin therapy were detected,
long-term prospective studies with high-dose metformin treatment in pediatric
population are needed to confirm our results.
Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung im Studium:
Vorschläge für ein interdisziplinäres Curriculum in den
Studiengängen Humanmedizin und Erziehungswissenschaft
Authors: Rotthoff Thomas , Kunz Miriam , Goette Petra
Published: February 2022

Für die Hochschulmedizin ergeben sich aus der wachsenden Bedeutung von
Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung neue Herausforderungen. So
müssen neben Krankheiten verstärkt Gesundheitsressourcen und
-kompetenzen in den Blick genommen werden, um die Gesundheit zu stärken
und Krankheit zu vermeiden oder hinauszuzögern. Diese Inhalte
müssen zur Vorbereitung der späteren Fachkräfte bereits
in die medizinische Ausbildung integriert werden. Mit dem Ziel einer
stärkeren inhaltlichen Verankerung von Prävention und
Gesundheitsförderung und einer Stärkung der Zusammenarbeit von
Ärzt*innen mit anderen Gesundheitsberufen wird modellhaft ein
longitudinales Mustercurriculum für Studierende der Humanmedizin und
Erziehungswissenschaft an der Universität Augsburg entwickelt. Die
Studierenden sollen im Setting Hochschule für die Themen
Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung tiefgehender sensibilisiert
werden, interdisziplinär erste Erfahrungen sammeln und
anschließend in kleineren Projekten als Peers Maßnahmen zur
Gesundheitsförderung ihrer Mitstudierenden planen und umsetzen. Damit
soll das Setting Hochschule durch und für Studierende
gesundheitsförderlich gestaltet werden. Das Mustercurriculum soll
anderen Hochschulen „good practice“ Beispiele zur
Verfügung stellen, die dann lokal adaptiert und in die jeweiligen
Curricula integriert werden können.
Wirksamkeit eines Adipositastherapieprogramms bei Kindern und
Jugendlichen in der Routineversorgung
Authors: Breinker Julius Lars , Biernath Marie , Sergeyev Elena , Kaspar Anika , Körner Antje , Kiess Wieland , Hilbert Anja
Published: February 2022

Aktuelle Therapiestudien zu Übergewicht und Adipositas im Kindes- und
Jugendalter berichten häufig einzelne psychologische oder somatische
Parameter. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde die Wirksamkeit einer multimodalen
Adipositastherapie in der ambulanten Routineversorgung über 12 Monate
bei N=278 Kindern und Jugendlichen (Alter 2–17 Jahre) anhand
umfassender psychologischer und somatischer Parameter untersucht. Als
primärer Endpunkt wurde die objektiv ermittelte Veränderung des
BMI-SDS (Body Mass Index Standard Deviation Score) festgelegt. Sekundäre
Endpunkte umfassten die selbstberichtete gesundheitsbezogene
Lebensqualität, allgemeine und Essstörungspsychopathologie,
gewichtsbezogene Selbststigmatisierung, sowie objektiv gemessene Lipoprotein-
bzw. Glukosestoffwechselparameter und Leberenzyme. Zu Therapieende nach 12
Monaten verbesserte die Gesamtstichprobe signifikant ihren BMI-SDS
(M=-0,10; SD=0,32) und einzelne Leberenzyme, psychologische
Parameter und übrige Blutparameter blieben jedoch ohne signifikante
Verbesserung. Therapieresponder (BMI-SDS-Δ≤-0,20; n=47)
zeigten größere BMI-SDS-Reduktionen (M=-0,44;
SD=0,22) sowie vergleichbare Ergebnisse hinsichtlich Blutparameter und
psychologische Parameter im Vergleich zu der Gesamtstichprobe. Die multimodale
Adipositastherapie zeigte sich damit als überwiegend wirksam für
die BMI-SDS-Reduktion und einzelne assoziierte körperliche, nicht jedoch
psychische Parameter. Die psychischen Belastungsfaktoren der Patienten
verdeutlichen die Notwendigkeit einer psychotherapeutischen Behandlung
über eine BMI-SDS-Reduktion hinaus. Weiterhin verdeutlichen die
Ergebnisse die Bedeutsamkeit einer umfassenden Erhebung von Erfolgsparametern,
um den Behandlungserfolg zu verbessern.
The antiferromagnetic ordering and metamagnetic transition induced magnetodielectric effect in Dy2Cu2O5
Authors: Huang S. , Jin H. , Wan K. Q. , Wang H. O. , Su K. P. , Yang D. X. , Yang L. , Huo D. X.
Published: February 2022

Ferroelectricity and magnetism seldom coexist due to mutual exclusiveness. Recent attempts have been made to achieve the coexistence of ferroelectricity and magnetism in polar magnets. In this paper, we investigated the magnetic properties, dielectric relaxation, and magnetodielectric (MD) effect of polar Dy2Cu2O5 ceramic. At the antiferromagnetic ordering temperature, the dielectric constant (ɛ) curves exhibit a spontaneous change in slope, indicating strongly coupled charge and spin degrees of freedom. With increase in the magnetic field intensity, the simultaneous suppression of the dielectric anomaly and the antiferromagnetic transformation demonstrates the existence of the MD effect. It is important to note that ɛ varies nonmonotonically with the magnetic field. Below the magnetic ordering temperature, ɛ increases continuously before the metamagnetic transition and then decreases after that. The results are discussed in terms of the magnetic field-induced change of spin configuration and spin–phonon coupling. Moreover, two dielectric relaxation-related steps are observed, which are correlated with the electrons hopping within and among the zigzag chains of Cu2+, respectively. This work helps understand the dielectric behavior and the MD effect in materials with complicated spin structures.