bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Examination of Apple Shelf Life from Consumer Storage Perspective
Authors: Farkas Anna , Ficzek Gitta , Veres Antal
Published: October 2024

Proper storage and preservation of apples is essential for consumer satisfaction and the efficiency of the food industry. The aim of this research is to investigate in detail the impact of different storage conditions on the physical and chemical properties and shelf life of apples, with particular emphasis on the differences between store and home storage.
In the experiment, commercially available Golden Delicious apples are stored in cold storage at two different temperatures (5°C and 10°C) and known relative humidity (85 RH%) to simulate consumer storage conditions. The study is conducted for 10 weeks, with weekly sampling. The parameters analysed include physical properties such as weight, size, colour and meat firmness, as well as chemical properties such as sugar and acidity. Statistical methods are used to collect and analyse the data and to search for correlations and relationships between the different parameters in order to help consumers to effectively preserve and evaluate the quality of the apples.
Home storage of apples plays an important role in economic processes, as it contributes to reducing food waste and promoting more sustainable food consumption. If consumers are able to store apples properly at home, less fruit is wasted, which reduces food waste.
Review and Prospects of Xanthan Application in Water Contaminants Removal
Authors: Zahović Ida , Dodić Jelena , Trivunović Zorana
Published: October 2024

This review explores the novel perspectives and application of xanthan in the removal of emerging water contaminants. Xanthan is a nontoxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable biopolymer of microbial origin. Industrial production of xanthan is usually conducted by aerobic submerged batch cultivation of the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris ATCC 13951 on the medium containing glucose or sucrose under optimal conditions, and findings of researchers worldwide indicate that xanthan can be successfully biosynthesized on media containing different waste streams, using various Xanthomonas strains. Common application of xanthan is in the food industry as a stabilizer, thickener, and emulsifier because of its high viscosity at lower concentrations and excellent solubility in hot and cold water. The application of xanthan is not only limited to the food and other branches of industry, but also to medicine, biomedical engineering, agriculture, and wastewater treatment. Recent studies have confirmed the excellent photocatalytic activity and emulsifying capacity of xanthan biosynthesized on waste-based media, which offers promising potential for its application in the decontamination of environment. Moreover, the xanthan-based hydrogel has great selectivity for the cationic dye and on the other side, chemically modified xanthan has a great potential as an adsorbent for the removal of metal ions.
The Influence of the Type and Concentration of Plasticizer on the Properties of Biopolymer Films based on Wild Flax (Camelina Sativa)
Authors: Šuput Danijela , Lončar Biljana , Popović Senka , Hromiš Nevena , Rakita Slađana , Spasevski Nedeljka
Published: October 2024

The development of biodegradable packaging materials using naturally occurring, renewable biopolymers has gained attraction due to consumer demand for high-quality products and concerns about environmental waste problems. However, the inferior mechanical properties and low water resistance of packaging materials based on natural polymers pose a significant obstacle to their wider use. One of the ways to improve the properties of biopolymer-based packaging materials is the addition of plasticizers during their synthesis. In this work, the influence of the type and concentration of plasticizer on the properties of new biopolymer films based on wild flax (Camelina sativa) was investigated. Camelina sativa oil cake (CSoC) remains after edible oil cold pressing as a by-product. One of the possibilities for its valorization is the synthesis of biopolymer materials. During the synthesis, different plasticizers - glycerol and polyethylene glycol 400 - were added in different concentrations - 20%-60%. The obtained CSoC-based biopolymer films were analyzed for the following properties: Moisture content, solubility, thickness, tensile strength, elongation at break, and water vapor permeability. The results obtained showed significant differences when different plasticizers were applied at different concentrations. The biopolymer film with optimal properties was obtained by adding glycerol at a concentration of 40%.
Distortion-free power frequency converter control method perspectives and new approach of energy conversion
Authors: Istomin Maksim
Published: October 2024

Utilizing distortionless power frequency AC-AC converters which drives by a compensated signal based on the DC link voltage value opens wide opportunities and has a significant positive economic effect. This publication briefly reveals the opportunities and provides the real actual measured oscillograms and oscillograms of the simulation model.

The distortionless converter control system eliminates the effects of AC ripple contained in the DC link voltage that is influenced to the AC converter output AC voltage. As a result, the AC converter is able to function without the need for a large-capacitance smoothing capacitor, phase-shifting transformers, or AFE (Active Rectifier), without increasing the THD level.

The reference AC waveform is divided by an amplitude DC link voltage value and the resultant ratio value is applied to control the duty factor of a PWM signal, that controls a DC-to-AC converter circuit.
TM6SF2-rs58542926 Genotype Has Opposing Effects on Incidence of Hepatic and Cardiac Events in a Community Cohort
Authors: Chen Vincent L. , Oliveri Antonino , Raut Chinmay , Chen Yanhua , Cushing-Damm Kelly C. , Speliotes Elizabeth K.
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION:

TM6SF2-rs58542926-T is associated with increased cirrhosis and modestly decreased coronary artery disease prevalence. However, relative effects of TM6SF2 genotype on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) vs liver-related events (LRE) are not known.

METHODS:

We used the UK Biobank, a prospective cohort with genetic and inpatient diagnosis data. The primary predictor was TM6SF2-rs58542926 genotype, and the primary outcomes were MACE and LRE. Effects were reported as subhazard ratios (sHRs) and 10-year cumulative incidence by Fine-Gray competing risk analyses.

RESULTS:

More than 430,000 individuals met inclusion criteria. TM6SF2-rs58542926-TT genotype (vs CC) was associated with higher incidence of LRE (adjusted sHR 3.16, 95% confidence interval 1.86–5.37) and lower incidence of MACE (adjusted sHR for TT vs CC genotype 0.76, 95% confidence interval 0.63–0.91). In individuals with fibrosis-4 (FIB4) < 1.3, 1.3–2.67, and > 2.67, 10-year LRE incidence in TM6SF2-rs58542926-TT vs CC individuals was 0.08% vs 0.06% (P > 0.05), 0.81% vs 0.20% (P < 0.0001), and 10.5% vs 3.4% (P = 0.00094), respectively. The corresponding values for MACE were 3.8% vs 5.1% (P = 0.032), 6.4% vs 8.2% (P = 0.040), and 17.1% vs 12.4% (P > 0.05). The absolute decrease in MACE with rs58542926-TT (vs CC) genotype exceeded the absolute increase in LRE in all groups but FIB4 > 2.67. Associations of TM6SF2 genotype with LRE/MACE were significant in men but not women. TM6SF2-rs58542926-T allele was also associated with increased hepatic steatosis and corrected T1 time by magnetic resonance imaging, with greater effect sizes in men than women.

DISCUSSION:

TM6SF2 genotype has opposite effects on LRE vs MACE incidence, and absolute effects on MACE were greater except in those with highest FIB4 scores. Effects were strongest in men. These findings clarify implications of TM6SF2 genotype based on personalized clinical risk.
Spatial-Spectral Middle Cross-Attention Fusion Network for Hyperspectral Image Superresolution
Authors: Lang Xiujuan , Lu Tao , Zhang Yanduo , Jiang Junjun , Xiong Zixiang
Published: October 2024

The spatial and spectral features of hyperspectral images exhibit complementarity, and neglecting them prevents the full exploitation of useful information for superresolution. This article proposes a spatial-spectral middle cross-attention fusion network to explore the spatial-spectral
structure correlation. Initially, we learn spatial and spectral features through spatial and spectral branches instead of single ones to reduce information compression. Then, a novel middle-cross attention fusion block that includes middle features fusion strategy and cross-attention is proposed
to fuse spatial-spectral features to enhance their mutual effects, which aims to explore the spatial-spectral structural correlations. Finally, we propose a spectral feature compensation mechanism to provide complementary information for adjacent band groups. The experimental results show
that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms in object values and visual quality.
Social Criticism Da’wah Through Visual Works of @Terasdakwah During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Al Faiz Farkhan , Akhmad Rifa'i
Published: October 2024

This study aims to analyze the preaching message containing social criticism on the Instagram account @terasdakwah through a semiotic approach. The @terasdakwah account is a digital platform that actively spreads preaching content in a creative style relevant to current social issues. This descriptive qualitative study analyzes the meaning of the preaching message of social criticism (Tafriq) in a Visual Communication Design (VCD) work. The dissection of meaning in visual works uses the semiotic analysis knife of Sumbo Tinarbuko's visual communication and Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis. The results of this study show that: First, the connotative meaning revealed is that these visual works are a form of criticism of the government and society in general for the phenomena that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. The connotative level of meaning also found myths contained in the visual works studied, including the death of elderly Hajj pilgrims, the death of expertise, and prolonged frustration threatening mental health. Second, the message of social criticism (Tafriq) preaching contained in the three visual works uploaded by the Instagram account @terasdakwah is included in the first and second points in Alamsyah's theory. The first point is preaching as a correction for the reconstruction of social order, and the second point is preaching as an effort to institutionalize critical attitudes in Islamic society. Third, this study also shows that preaching is not only limited to religious rituals and formalities but can also be done by conveying social criticism. This research is hoped to provide scientific contributions to the study of preaching and communication science so that it can be a reference for further research on similar topics and discussions according to different contexts and objects of study.
Relationship between Highway Damage Assessment Method and Light Weight Deflectometer (LWD)
Authors: Diana Iffah Lubna , Nurtjahjaningtyas Indra , Hasanuddin Akhmad
Published: October 2024

The Tegal Siwalan-Banyuanyar Highway in Probolinggo Regency has been damaged at several points and has not received any maintenance for the last 7 years. This has a huge impact on road users because it can interfere with driving comfort and safety, so it is necessary to analyze the road damage that has occurred, including the type of damage and an assessment of road conditions. The Bina Marga method and a light-weight deflectometer (LWD) can be used to assess road deflection in order to assess road condition. The results of this study obtained priority order values for each segment that were in the range 5-11. The greater the value of the Order of Priority obtained, the better the road condition, whereas the smaller the value of the Order of Priority obtained, the worse the road condition. It was also found that the Bina Marga method and the Light Weight Deflectometer (LWD) tool had a poor correlation, so a comparison between the two could not be made for assessing the condition of the road surface layer.
PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC LAW IN COUNTER-RADICALISM IN INDONESIA
Authors: Muhyidin Muhyidin
Published: October 2024

Wrong understanding of jihad and mis-implementation in a non-war atmosphere (daar as salam), has given rise to radical attitudes that lead to violent acts of terrorism. Studies in this field are generally from the point of view of positive law and human rights as part of counter-radical thinking. This paper explains the background of thoughts that give rise to radical attitudes, and shows approaches to criminal law and Islamic law in the context of counter-radicalism. The legal instruments discussed are Law No. 15 of 2003 and Law No. 5 of 2018. The discussion of Islamic law takes the perspective of fiqh jinayat which is related to rebellion against the state and murder, the conditions for imposing rebellion and murder, and punishment for the perpetrators. Through this explanation, it is hoped that it can correct the meaning of the arguments for jihad which are the roots of radical attitudes.
Anaerobic Fermentation of Mixed Fruits Peel Waste for Functional Enzymes Production Employing Palm Sugar and Molasses as The Carbon Source
Authors: Retnowati Diah Susetyo , Kumoro Andri Cahyo , Haryani Kristinah
Published: October 2024

The daily abundant generation of fruit peel waste potentially triggers environmental problems if no appropriate management is performed. Besides, fruit peel waste can be a valuable source for functional enzyme production. This study aims to investigate the use of molasses and palm sugar as sugar source during anaerobic fermentation of banana and papaya peel waste to produce functional enzymes. The fermentation was subjected to biomass at various banana peels to papaya peels mass ratio for 3 months. The feed consisted of sugar:biomass:water, and their mass ratio was kept constant at 1:3:10. Both brown functional enzyme cocktails obtained from the fermentation using palm sugar and molasses as carbon source were acidic with pH of 3.7 and 4.4, respectively. The amylase, protease, and lipase activities of the functional enzyme cocktails was maximum when the biomass mixture contained four portions of banana peel and one portion of papaya peel. In addition, molasses was found to be the better sugar source than palm sugar for producing functional enzymes from aerobic fermentation peel fruits comprises banana and papaya peels. This study proved that fruit peel waste can be converted to valuable functional enzymes as one of the solutions of fruit peel waste management Keywords: anaerobic fermentation; carbon source; enzyme activity; functional enzyme; organic waste
Multidrug Resistance Proteins in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Hodorová Ingrid , Rybárová S. , Solár P. , Vecanová J. , Mihalik J. , Bohuš P. , Mellová Y. , Kluchová D.
Published: October 2024

A large number of renal cancer patients show poor or partial response to chemotherapy and the precise mechanism has not been understood yet. MDR is the principal mechanism by which many cancers develop resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs and is associated with the elevated expression of MDR proteins. These are divided into two groups: ABC transporters and non-ABC transporters. The aim of our study was to determine the expression of MDR1/Pgp, MRP1 and LRP in 47 samples of renal cell carcinomas using immunohistochemical assay. Our results were analysed in relation to nuclear grade and other clinical and pathological parameters to see the possible correlation between the expression of MDR proteins and factors mentioned above. The majority of renal carcinoma specimens showed positivity for MDR proteins. In this regard, 21 % of samples revealed positive results for MDR1, 62 % for MRP1 and 76.6 % for LRP protein. Furthermore, our study displayed significant differences between MDR1, LRP and nuclear grade. On the other hand, no association was found between MRP1 and nuclear grade, as well as between the expression of three MDR proteins and other clinically relevant parameters.
The effectiveness of teaching human evolution to 14-15-year-olds in Slovenia
Authors: Strgar Jelka
Published: October 2024

In Slovenia, human evolution is first taught in biology classes to 14–15-year-old students. For many of them, this will be the only contact with this topic at school. The objective was to determine how much knowledge students acquired about human evolution. Data were collected with a questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale. The participants were 13–14-year-olds who had not yet learned about human evolution (the control group) and 15–16-year-olds who had learned about human evolution one year earlier in biology classes (the experimental group). The results show that students significantly improved their knowledge of human evolution with small to medium effect sizes. Students knew very well that modern humans are the only species of humans today and that they did not live at the same time as dinosaurs. The achievements were low on the following topics: modern humans lived at the same time as Neanderthals and mammoths, and modern humans did not evolve from Neanderthals. To the problematic topics, attention should be paid to teacher education and the primary school curriculum. There were few correlations between the knowledge of human evolution, acceptance of evolution, religiosity, and attitudes toward biology.
Unveiling the antibacterial potential of latex-derived phytocomponents from Calotropis gigantea targeting bacterial Penicillin-binding proteins: chemical profiling, in silico docking, and in vitro lab validation
Authors: Sharma Arun , Chauhan Amrita
Published: October 2024

Uncontrolled use of currently accessible medicines has caused antibiotic resistance in bacteria worldwide. This work aimed to undertake molecular docking and chemical profiling of bioactive components extracted from Calotropis gigantea latex, with wet lab confirmation to follow. Gas chromatography was used to analyze the phytochemical profile. The docking tool, Cb-dock2, was used for in-silico analysis. G+ and G- bacterial strains were utilized to confirm the wet lab results. Chemical profiling revealed 18 peaks, and some major bioactive compounds were like phytol, 4-methyl-2- phenylindole and α-tocospiro A. Docking analysis revealed strong interaction against bacterial Penicillin-binding Protein (PBP1a) with docking scores ranging from -5.2 to -7.9 (Vina score). The PBP-Ligand complex has Van der Waals, hydrogen bond, pi-cation, and alkyl bonding interactions, according to the results of the interaction investigations. Calotropis latex successfully suppressed the development of bacterial strains (G+ and G-) with inhibition zones ranging from 1.1 cm to 2.2 cm, as demonstrated by in-vitro tests, indicating their potential as antibacterial medications. The study found that latex-based bioactive compounds have the potential to be used in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors by facilitating the creation of structural alterations that lead to stronger medications. Therefore, this latex-derived compound may open a new pipeline into the development of multi-target antibiotics against a broad-spectrum multidrug-resistant G- bacterium.
Estimating the useful life of the sempor reservoir using erosion modelling
Authors: Budiman Satrio , Suprayogi Slamet
Published: October 2024

Sedimentation determines how optimal a reservoir functions throughout its design life. The Sempor Reservoir in Central Java, Indonesia, will be 45 years old in 2023. At least 15 million m3 of particles have been sedimented in the reservoir for >30 years, reducing its function as an irrigation water source to only 60%. Therefore, assessing its performance in providing irrigation water and generating hydropower electricity is essential, given that its design life ends in 2028. This study was conducted to analyse the sedimentation and estimate the useful life of the Sempor Reservoir based on the erosion potential in its catchment area. The potential sedimentation rate was formulated from erosion potential assessed using the universal soil loss equation (USLE) model, sediment delivery ratio (SDR) and trap efficiency (TE). By contrast, the actual sedimentation rate was determined from changes in the dead storage capacity from 2013 to 2023. The interpolation performance evaluation of the bathymetric survey results was tested using the coefficient of determination (R2), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) which resulted in values of 0.917; 0.87; and 13.03%, respectively. The results show that the catchment area had an erosion potential of 3,405,353.86 t∙a−1, resulting in a potential sedimentation rate of 309,106.63 m3∙a−1. The calculated actual sedimentation rate was 33,903.28 m3∙a−1. Therefore, the useful life of the Sempor Reservoir was estimated to end in 0.5 years and 4.59 years based on the potential and actual sedimentation rates, respectively.
The range of ice thrusts and ice piles as reflected by ice scars on trees growing on the shores of coastal lagoons: The case of the Szczecin Lagoon
Authors: Girjatowicz Józef Piotr , Świątek Małgorzata , Łabuz Tomasz Arkadiusz
Published: October 2024

We studied the phenomena associated with the thrusting of ice onto the shore of the Szczecin Lagoon based on the occurrence of tree ice scars. The measurements concerned mostly the maximum height, length and width of ice scars on trees, and the distance of these trees from the shore in the period 2017–2022. It was observed that sheets of ice advanced up to 64 m inland, and piled to form hummocks reaching up to 4.3 m above the water level. These maximum values occurred mostly on eastern shores, which is where the highest numbers of damaged and broken trees were observed. This should be associated with the strongest and most frequently occurring wind blowing from the western direction in the winter-spring period. To the contrary, the lowest number of damaged trees were observed on the western shore. This is due not only to the lower frequency of wind blowing from the east, and the associated cooling (Ta < 0°C) and ice cover stabilization, but also due to the presence of extensive reed belts. Our results enable an indirect insight into the ice phenomena dynamics, especially in areas lacking systematic ice observations. Similar conclusions may be extended for all the sheltered basins as lakes or lagoons.
Attraction or differentiation: diachronic changes in the causative alternation of Chinese change of state verbs
Authors: Du Jing , Zuo Shan , Li Fuyin Thomas
Published: October 2024

This study examines the interplay of attraction and differentiation through the diachronic encoding of causative alternations in Chinese. A corpus-based analysis is conducted to profile the use of two Change of State verbs (COS verbs), pò ‘break’ and kāi ‘open’, focusing on their argument structure constructions. The analysis yields two main insights: (i) In Chinese, there are four pairs of causative alternations. The first pair, CA1, involving the alternation between NP1+COS+NP2 and NP2+COS, serves as the source for two diachronic trajectories. In the first trajectory, NP1+COS+NP2 is replaced by NP1+V+COS+NP2, and forms CA2 with NP2+COS. Subsequently, NP2+COS transitions into NP2+V+COS, and constitutes CA3 with NP1+V+COS+NP2. In the second trajectory, NP1+COS+V+NP2 and NP2+COS+V emerge and form CA4. (ii) Evidence of attraction is found in the mutual influence between the causative variants NP1+V+COS+NP2 and NP1+COS+V+NP2, and in the modeling effect of the causative variant NP1+V+COS+NP2 on the inchoative variant NP2+V+COS. Differentiation is supported by the anchoring force of a larger constructional network, including the transitive/intransitive opposition and compound constructions. This study advances the theoretical understanding of the intertwinement of attraction and differentiation by elucidating the diachronic evolution of causative alternations in Chinese.
Balanced tri- and quad-band BPFs based on SIR with improved passbands selectivity
Authors: Wang Jia-Qi , Wang Kai-Xuan , Wang Qi , Wei Feng
Published: October 2024

In this paper, balanced tri- and quad-band bandpass filters (BPFs) with high selectivity and controllable center frequencies and bandwidths are proposed. In the tri-band BPF design, two differential-mode (DM) passbands are formed by utilizing a stub-loaded resonator (SLR) and a uniform impedance resonator (UIR). The coupling structure of the proposed BPF realizes the third DM passband. Moreover, the center frequencies and bandwidths of the three DM passbands can be controlled by the lengths of resonators and the gaps between the resonators. In order to improve the DM selectivity further, the source-load-coupled structure is introduced. In addition, common-mode (CM) suppression is achieved by using L-shaped balanced microstrip line to slotline transition structures, achieving the independence between CM responses and DM ones. Therefore, the design procedure can be simplified greatly. In order to validate the practicability, one balanced tri-band BPF operating at 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 GHz is designed and fabricated. Moreover, by adding a short stub to the UIR located in the symmetrical plane, one flexible resonance frequency is generated, which is used to design the balanced quad-band BPF. By manufacturing and measurement, the measurement and simulation are in good agreement.
Influence of inoculation with different non-Saccharomyces yeasts and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the aroma chemical composition and sensorial features of red dragon fruit wine
Authors: Li Yinfeng , Zhao Hubing , Liu Xiaozhu
Published: October 2024

In this investigation, we focused on elucidating the impact of non-Saccharomyces yeasts on both the aromatic chemical composition and sensory attributes of red dragon fruit wine. This was achieved through the introduction of Hanseniaspora uvarum or Pichia guilliermondii concurrently with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, employing methodologies encompassing co-inoculation or sequential inoculation. The findings suggested that the combined inoculation of non-Saccharomyces yeasts and S. cerevisiae is capable of modulating the sensory properties of wines. Additionally, varying inoculation methods exerted a significant impact on the aromatic qualities of the wine. Co-inoculation and sequential inoculation of H. uvarum or P. guilliermondii with S. cerevisiae demonstrated a remarkable augmentation in the quantity of volatile chemicals while effectively regulating the number of odor activity value (OAV) > 1 in the wine. Therefore, the utilization of mixed fermentation emerges as a viable strategy for regulating the flavor profile of red dragon wine. This methodology stands as a valuable guideline for making various fruit wines, including red dragon fruit wine.
A rare case of central precocious puberty in a male infant with adrenal hypoplasia congenita
Authors: Mastoropoulou Aikaterini , Lane Andrew H.
Published: October 2024

Objectives

We describe a male with adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC) caused by a novel mutation in NR0B1, who was noted at 9 months of age to have central precocious puberty (CPP).

Case presentation

A 3-week-old full-term male presented with hypothermia and lethargy, and a 0.3 kg weight loss since birth. Labs were consistent with adrenal crisis, he was stabilized with stress dose hydrocortisone (HC), insulin, and antibiotics, and he was admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Subsequent labs revealed primary adrenal insufficiency with abdominal ultrasound remarkable for nonvisualization of the adrenal glands. Genetic testing identified a novel pathogenic c.707G>A [p.Trp236ter] nonsense variant in the DNA-binding domain of NR0B1 (DAX-1) confirming AHC. The patient was discharged with HC, fludrocortisone, and sodium supplementation with good tolerance and interval weight gain and normal electrolytes. At 9 months of age, the patient developed signs of precocious puberty, which failed to self-resolve or diminish with increased dosing of HC, and by the age of 15 months, he was treated with leuprolide acetate.

Conclusions

Historically, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism has been observed in 76 % of adolescent patients with AHC who have alterations in NR0B1. CPP has been infrequently described in AHC, and the natural history and management of CPP in this setting is not established. Our observations may contribute to the understanding of factors influencing normal and abnormal puberty in infants. Increased awareness of the possibility of CPP in AHC will aid clinicians in the earlier clinical and laboratory detection of this complication.
Crystal structure of 3-methoxybenzyl 2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)propanoate, C22H22O4
Authors: Sun Quan-Le , Lin Da-Zhuan , Xue De-Dong , Lin Ying
Published: October 2024

C22H22O4, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 5.861(2) Å, b = 8.140(2) Å, c = 37.654(8) Å, V = 1796.4(8) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0310, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0812, T = 100(2) K.
Crystal structure of dicarbonyl(2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-olato-κ
2
O,O)iridium(I), C7H4IrNO4
Authors: Elmakki Mohammed A. , Kama Dumisani V. , Venter Johan A.
Published: October 2024

C7H4IrNO4, triclinic, P

1
‾

$\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 3.5665(2) Å, b = 10.8307(5) Å, c = 10.8865(5) Å, α = 72.9610(10)°, β = 83.631(2)°, γ = 89.189(2)°, V = 399.51(3) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0484, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0201, T = 100 K.
The crystal structure of 4-(3-(triphenylphosphonio)propyl)piperazin-1-ium dibromide trihydrate, C25H37Br2N2O3P
Authors: Jia Xibei , Li Xiaomei
Published: October 2024

C25H37Br2N2O3P, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 9.827(5) Å, b = 14.441(8) Å, c = 10.175(6) Å, β = 103.573(16)°, V = 1403.6(13) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt
(F) = 0.0530, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1105, T = 296 K.
Human intent and cultural lineages: a response to Bentley & O'Brien
Authors: Prentiss Anna Marie
Published: October 2024

I thank Bentley and O'Brien (2024) for their cogent review of issues associated with inheritance and intention in cultural evolution. Intent is, of course, present in cultural process and that begs the question as to when and how we concern ourselves with it as a factor in cultural evolution (Rosenberg 2022). Intent underlies our understanding of both micro- and macro-scale processes of cultural evolution. Lamarckian microevolutionary process depends on decision-makers choosing whether or not to accept and sometimes alter cultural traits (Boyd & Richerson 1985). Zeder (2009, 2018) points out that even long-term change may be affected by conscious infrastructural investments that alter capacity for socioeconomic production and, subsequently, canalise later developments.
The past was diverse and deeply creative: a response to Bentley & O'Brien
Authors: Frieman Catherine J.
Published: October 2024

I want to preface this response by noting that, while I think Bentley, O'Brien and I fundamentally differ in how we approach the archaeological record (2024), I am also convinced that the more perspectives on the past we can cultivate, the richer our interpretative garden will be. Moreover, the more narratives of past worlds we develop, the more nuanced and complex our image of the past will become and, hence, the messier and more human (Frieman in press). I therefore write in the hopes that we can disagree with care, so that all of our scholarship is enriched.
On the poverty of academic imagination: a response to Bentley & O'Brien
Authors: Ingold Tim
Published: October 2024

Many years ago, I taught a course at the University of Aberdeen on the ‘4As’ of anthropology, archaeology, art and architecture (Ingold 2013). As we had been discussing flint-knapping, I invited the master-knapper, John Lord, to give a demonstration. We watched in awe as he skilfully detached flakes from a flint nodule of irregular shape to reveal the classical, bifacial form of an Acheulean handaxe. Then it was our turn to use wooden or antler hammers to detach flakes from fragments of flint. After an hour or two, none of us had made any headway. What looked simple in practised hands would have required years to learn, not a single afternoon! Nevertheless, the workshop taught us an important lesson. As Bentley and O'Brien (2024) remind us, mastering the skills to make an Acheulean biface requires hundreds of hours of practice. The question is, why does it need so long? What is going on during these many hours?
Cultural inheritance and technological evolution: a response to Bentley & O'Brien
Authors: Pollard A.M.
Published: October 2024

In response to Bentley and O'Brien's (2024) article, I wish to focus on a specific aspect of cultural inheritance—that of technological innovation in later prehistory. In essence, I agree that “inherited social practices and knowledge” (2024: 1407) are indeed the backbone of technological transmission. Many examples can be cited where technological expertise (potting, metalworking, etc.) is passed down within a family or through apprenticeship schemes. For example, the first Ming Emperor of China (Hongwu, reigned AD 1368–1398) initiated in 1381 a census (the ‘Yellow Book’) in which households were classified for taxation purposes into one of four categories: general, military families, artisans and salt-producers. Artisans were classified by trade and the implication is that the family trade was fixed and inherited (Huang 1974: 32). This system continued until at least the end of the Ming dynasty (AD 1644).
Classical Reception and Newtonian Force
Authors: Butler Shane
Published: October 2024

The known contents of Isaac Newton’s private library include a book seldom noticed by biographers or historians of science: a 1662 edition of the Eloquentia bipartita of the Jesuit scholar Famiano Strada. Contents include two lectures, originally given in Rome early in the century, that offer a fictitious account of a contest a century before, in which the leading humanists of the day had squared off against one another, each dressed up like his favorite ancient poet. These curious lectures reveal a forgotten link between the workings of poetic influence in the classical tradition and Newton’s paradigm-shattering theories of mechanics.
The Globalization Backlash Revisited: Evidence from the United States
Authors: Nordquist Sienna , Adler David R. K. , Kentikelenis Alexandros
Published: October 2024

Popular backlash against globalization is widely considered a defining challenge to the international order. This article revisits the backlash thesis using a new survey of 1,196 likely voters in the United States and their preferences over globalization. The survey results challenge underlying assumptions of prevailing accounts of the globalization backlash. The findings suggest that, while citizens have indeed become more critical of international organizations, these criticisms do not necessarily translate into a preference for their disintegration. On the contrary, a large majority of voters—many of them critical of the performance of globalization—advocate for the US government to increase engagement with other countries on issues like the environment, the economy, and public health. Against the widespread perception of the United States as both the heartland of backlash and its key exporter to the world, we find little evidence of rising “anti-globalization” sentiment in the survey data; rather, findings point to increasing contest over its terms and conditions. The article thus calls for greater consideration of the depth, complexity, and multidimensionality of voters’ views of globalization, going beyond binary measures like pro/anti and in/out to consider the programmatic preferences that will shape the reconstruction of the international order in years to come.
Clinical Outcomes over Several Years for Suspected Branch-Duct Intrapapillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas: A Single Referral Center Experience
Authors: Jeong Han Taek , Han Jimin
Published: October 2024

Background/Aim: This study evaluated the cumulative incidence of pancreatic cancer and worrisome features (WFs) in patients with pancreatic cysts (PCs) clinically considered as branch-duct intrapapillary mucinous neoplasm (BD-IPMN).Methods: Data from 177 patients followed for BD-IPMN were retrospectively analyzed. Suspected BD-IPMN was defined as PCs with confirmed communication with the main pancreatic duct (MPD) via imaging studies, while presumed BD-IPMN referred to PCs lacking clear MPD communication.Results: Among the patients, 30.5% were categorized as suspected BD-IPMN. The median age at diagnosis was 64 years, with a median cyst size of 13 mm. At diagnosis, 19 patients (10.7%) exhibited WFs, and none of the patients had high-risk stigmata. Over a follow-up period of 70.5 months, pancreatic cancer developed in three patients, resulting in a cumulative incidence of 4.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98 to 10.76%) at 96 months. For the 158 patients without initial WFs, the cumulative incidence of WFs was 5.1% (95% CI, 2.37 to 9.28%) at 24 months and 11.2% (95% CI, 6.34 to 17.53%) at 96 months. The development of WFs was lower in the presumed BD-IPMN group (p=0.102) and among patients aged under 75 (p=0.463), though these differences were not statistically significant. Notably, the incidence of WFs plateaued after two years in the elderly cohort.Conclusions: The cumulative incidence of pancreatic cancer and WFs in patients with low-risk PCs was notably low. Furthermore, discontinuing surveillance may be considered for elderly patients, especially those with no changes within the first two years of observation.
QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF CONDENSATES OBTAINED BY PINE WOOD DRYING
Authors: E.P. ROMANENKO , T.V. PUCHKOVA , A.V. TKACHEV
Published: October 2024

The condensates obtained during wood drying are dilute aqueous solutions of volatile substances and are the closest in their properties to widely known hydrolates. The analysis of the composition of hydrolates is often carried out using their preliminary extraction with organic solvents. However, some hydrophilic compounds may be lost during this procedure, so that analysis results might not correspond to the native composition of the hydrolate. In this work, we have developed a modified technique of GLC analysis with preliminary sample preparation, including the extraction of condensate with an organic solvent, by using an internal standard of hydrophobic nature in the analysis. The developed technique has been tested on hydrolates of ordinary pine wood (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.), but it can also be applied both to condensates obtained during drying of other wood materials and other plant material, and to hydrolates.
STUDY OF THE ABILITY OF A NEW USNIC ACID DERIVATIVE TO INHIBIT TDP1 AND TDP2, AND SENSITISE THE EFFECT OF ANTITUMOUR DRUGS
Authors: A.S. FILIMONOV , A.L. ZAKHARENKO , A.A. CHEPANOVA , O.A. LUZINA , N.S. DYRKHEEVA , N.F. SALAKHUTDINOV , O.I. LAVRIK
Published: October 2024

A new usnic acid derivative containing cyanoethyl and isoniazid fragments is synthesised. The compound inhibits the activity of DNA repair enzyme Tdp1 with IC50 = 1.2 μM, is inactive against Tdp2 and does not affect cell survival for a panel of passaged cell lines in the concentration range up to 20 μM. It is shown that the compound in combinations with the certain concentrations of antitumour drugs can sensitise the effect of antitumour drugs olaparib and temozolomide on some cell lines.
SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF THE CYTOTOXICITY OF FURANOLABDANOIDS CONTAINING A 3-AMINOPROPANOYL SUBSTITUENT IN THE FURAN RING
Authors: YU.V. KHARITONOV , D.A. PETROVA , E.E. SHULTS , M.A. POKROVSKII , A.G. POKROVSKII
Published: October 2024

15-Acetyl- and 16-acetylfuranolabdanoids were synthesised by the acetylation of the methyl ester of lambertianic acid with acetic anhydride in the presence of Mg(ClO4)2 and used as starting compounds for the preparation of 15- or 16-(3-aminopropanoyl)methyllambertianates. The proposed approach involved silylation of 15-acetyl- or 16-acetylmethyllambertianate and the Mannich reaction of the resulting enol silyl ester with N,N-disubstituted methyleneiminium salts. The synthesized compounds possessed cytotoxicity on tumour cell lines CCRF CEM, MCF7 and PC-3 (MTT test). The compounds containing a 3-morpholinopropanoyl or 3-pyrrolidinopropanoyl substituent at the C-16 position of methyl lambertianate selectively inhibited the growth of human T-cell leukemia cells (GI50 was 5.8-6.1 μM) and exhibited cytotoxicity an order of magnitude higher than the parent compound lambertianic acid.
SYNTHESIS OF 2,4-DIARYLSUBSTITUTED 3H-1,5-BENZODIAZEPINES BY A CONSECUTIVE THREE-COMPONENT REACTION OF 5-(ETHYNYL)METHYLANTHRANILATE WITH BENZOYL CHLORIDES AND O-PHENYLENEDIAMINE
Authors: K.P. CHEREMNYKH , V.A. SAVELYEV , A.B. SKOROVA , E.E. SHULTS
Published: October 2024

The use of the available synthetic platform of 5-ethynyl-N-(acetyl)anthranilic acid in the synthesis of a chemical library of 2,4-diaryl-3H-1,5-benzodiazepines is proposed. The key step of the synthesis included the reaction of in situ generated methyl 2-acetylamino-5-[3-(4-aryl)propiolyl]benzoate with o-phenylenediamine. The selected conditions were used for the synthesis of a chemical library of 3H-1,5-benzodiazepines containing an anthranilic acid methyl ester fragment in the C-2 position. The physicochemical characteristics of intermediately formed α,β-alkynyl ketones are also described.
The bundengan of Wonosobo, Indonesia
Authors: Hamdan Sinin , Said Khairul Anwar Mohamad , Duin Ezra A. M. , Sinin Aaliyawani E. , Wahyono Tri , Sosiati Harini
Published: October 2024

The bundengan is a unique traditional musical instrument with plucked strings from Wonosobo, Central Java, Indonesia. It can produce sounds that imitate the gong (i.e., a part of the gamelan instrument). The bundengan was initially constructed by duck herders as a means of shielding themselves from inclement weather while caring for their flocks. They also engage in musical activities and singing. The distinctive sound of the bundengan is created by plucking a set of strings fitted with tiny bamboo clips using the right hand and three elongated, slender bamboo blades with the left hand. The sound effect is produced by the bandulan, a small piece of bamboo attached to the string. The tuning of the bundengan depends on the player’s instinct. This study analyzed the pitch and timbre of the bundengan strings. Using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), the sound from a plucked string yields the frequency spectrum of the actual vibrations from the strings. The results were used to validate the frequency as heard. The results showed that the pitch from the measured frequencies is not similar to the pitch as heard. The bundengan is tuned to a pitch corresponding to the timbre rather than a specific pitch.
Effect of nano particulate preservation materials on the combustion temperatures of the wood
Authors: Yasar Sekip Sadiye , Cicek Eyup , Yasar Mehmet
Published: October 2024

It is acknowledged that boron, ammonium, and nitrogenous compounds, which are used today as fire retardants, cause an increase in the hygroscopicity of wood materials. In this study, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Anatolian chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), and Eastern spruce (Picea orientalis Link) woods were impregnated with 1.5% nano-sized hexagonal boron nitride (NB) according to ASTM D1413-76 (1976) standards. Flame-induced combustion (FIC), self-combustion (SC), and glowing combustion (GC) temperatures were determined. The highest retention amount was measured in spruce and the lowest was in chestnut among the wood samples taken for testing and measurement. When compared with the control samples, NB application caused an increase in SC and FIC temperatures (at higher rates). According to the glowing combustion temperature control samples, an increase was observed in chestnut and spruce and a decrease was observed in Scots pine among the samples applied with NB.
Sugarcane peel ash as a sorbent for methylene blue
Authors: Ofudje Edwin A. , Al-Ahmary Khairia Mohammed , Alzahrani Elham A. , Ud Din Salah , Al-Otaib Jamelah S.
Published: October 2024

Sugarcane peel waste (SPW) modified by combustion was used as a sorbent for methylene blue (MB) in aqueous medium under the influence of parameters such as pH of the medium, initial MB concentrations, contact time, SPW dosage, and temperature using batch experiments. The microstructure of the adsorbent was analyzed using Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The quantity (mg/g) of adsorbed MB increased with increased contact time, rise in dye concentration, as well as the solution pH. Similarly, the temperature of the system improved the sorption effectiveness with maximum sorption capacity of 65.4 and 81.2% at 45 °C and 55 °C for USPW and MSPW, respectively. At an initial MB concentration of 100 mg/L, temperature of 45 °C and 55 °C, pH of 4, and reaction times of 80 and 60 min for unmodified sugarcane peel waste (USPW) and modified sugarcane peel waste (MSPW), respectively, optimal MB adsorption of 22.6 and 33.2 mg g-1, respectively, was achieved.
THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR AND THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY: MAIN DIRECTIONS, PROBLEMS AND SOME LESSONS OF WESTERN SUPPORT FOR UKRAINE
Authors:   Institute of History of Ukraine, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 4, Mykhailo Hrushevskyi Street, Kyiv, 01001, Ukraine, Vidnyanskyj Stepan
Published: October 2024

Despite the heroic resistance of Ukrainians, in particular the Armed Forces of Ukraine, during the current Russian-Ukrainian war, without effective assistance, especially military, from the Western democratic world, Ukraine would hardly have withstood the Russian aggressor's more than two-year-long large-scale armed invasion and would have been able to preserve national statehood and the Ukrainian nation from genocide and destruction in the event of a protracted war of attrition. For such a war, Ukraine will need at least $150 billion a year, which can only be provided by its Western partners. And the World Bank estimates that over the next 10 years, about $500 billion will be needed to rebuild Ukraine's war-torn infrastructure, which is more than Ukraine's GDP, so without investment and financial assistance from our partners, we will not be able to find these resources in the country either. The purpose of the article is to systematise the huge amount of information available in accessible/open sources about the central, fateful event of modern international relations - Russia's war against Ukraine and the international community's attitude to it, in particular, to highlight the main directions, problems and some preliminary lessons of Western support for Ukraine in its resistance to Russian aggression, which can already be outlined in the third year of the large-scale war. Russia's unprovoked and brutal large-scale armed attack on Ukraine in February 2022 left no choice but to recognise this aggression as an attack on European and Euro-Atlantic democratic values and the fundamental principles on which the United Nations is built. This was a manifestation of the next stage of Russia's global hybrid war against the West. Unprecedented international support for Ukraine and powerful pressure on the aggressor country - Russia - is manifested in active political, financial, military, and humanitarian assistance to Ukraine from EU and NATO member states and other countries. In total, more than 50 countries provide such assistance to Ukraine during the war. However, our Western partners do not yet have a common strategic plan for the Russian-Ukrainian war and its victorious conclusion, and in the third year of the war, they are increasingly talking about different options for peace talks with the aggressor, so Ukraine must develop its own grand strategy, which should be based on the fact that war and peace coexist and that Russia poses a long-term threat to it and the entire democratic world.