bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selyemkóró (Asclepias syriaca L.) UAV felvételekkel történő azonosítása és monitorozásának lehetőségei
Authors: Bakacsy László , Szatmári József , Biró Csaba , Tobak Zalán , Van Leeuwen Boudewijn , Szilassi Péter
Published: February 2024

Az inváziós fajok komoly és gyakran visszafordíthatatlan károkat okoznak a biodiverzitásban és az ökoszisztéma szolgáltatásokban, amelyek alapvető fontosággal bírnak az ember fennmaradása szempontjából, emellett pollenjeik miatt népegészségügyi szempontból is fontos problémát jelenthetnek. Mind az ellenük való védekezés, mind az általuk okozott gazdasági és természetvédelmi károk világszerte óriási költségeket emésztenek fel. Hatékony kezelésükhöz ismernünk kell az inváziós fajok jelenlegi elterjedését, terjedésük dinamikáját, ökoszisztémákra, élőhelyekre és a gazdaságra gyakorolt pontos hatásukat. Napjainkban ezeknek az információknak nagy területekről való begyűjtése leghatékonyabban drónokkal (UAV – unmanned aerial vehicle) történő monitorozással lehetséges. A természetközeli gyepek jelentős biológiai sokféleséggel rendelkeznek és fontos ökoszisztéma szolgáltatásokat nyújtanak, azonban ezek az élőhelyek is ki vannak téve az inváziós fajok károkozásának. Magyarország Pannon homoki gyepjeit számos inváziós faj terjedése fenyegeti. Ezek közül a közönséges selyemkóró (Asclepias syriaca L.) térképezésével és monitorozásával foglalkoztunk, mivel az egyik leggyakoribb és legveszélyesebb inváziósfaj a Dél-Alföldi régióban. Mivel az inváziós növényfajok természetvédelmi kezelése a mezőgazdasági gyomszabályozás szemléletén és módszerein alapszik, így jelen tanulmány a mezőgazdaságban használt monitorozási eljárások átültetésének egy lehetséges módszertani fejlesztéseként értékelhető. Célunk volt megvizsgálni, hogy a precíziós mezőgazdaságban használt vegetációs indexek alkalmasak-e a közönséges selyemkóró egyed szintű azonosítására, állománynagyságának a meghatározására. Kutatásaink során UAV-val készült légifelvételekből (RGB és CIR) képzett vegetációs indexek (TGI, VARI, NDVI és SAVI) vizsgálatát végeztük el. A közönséges selyemkóró drónnal végzett állomány felmérését, térképezését a Kiskunsági Nemzeti Park Kolon-tó törzsterületéhez kapcsolódó két regenerálódó parlagon végeztük el, 2020 júliusában. Eredményeink szerint a selyemkóró hajtásainak és egyed szintű azonosításának a legalkalmasabb indexe a TGI volt. Az NDVI és SAVI indexek a selyemkóró területi lefedettségének (borításának) és tőszámának meghatározására kevésbé voltak alkalmasak mint a TGI, ugyanakkor alkalmasak lehetnek természetvédelmi kezelések hatékonyságának meghatározására. Eredményeink egyszerű, gyors, költséghatékony és minimális zavarást okozó módszert biztosítanak az inváziós faj nagykiterjedésű állományainak térképezéséhez, időben többször megismételt monitorozásához. Ezáltal a természetvédelem számára olyan információkat nyújthat, amelyek egyrészt az invázió elleni védekezés pontos megtervezését, másrészt a kezelések hatékonyságának ellenőrzését és nyomon követését is lehetővé teszi a jövőben.
A Börzsöny természeti értékeinek és fejlesztési lehetőségeinek összefüggései
Authors: Havel Alexandra , Saláta Dénes , Halász Gergely , Orosz György , Tormáné Kovács Eszter
Published: February 2024

Természeti értékekben gazdag kistérségek fejlődésében nagy szerepe lehet annak, hogy a helyi érintettek mennyire tudnak ezekre az értékekre építeni a térség fejlesztése során. Cikkünk fő célkitűzése, hogy összegyűjtsük, a Börzsöny helyi érintett csoportjai milyen természeti értékeket és ezekre épülő fejlesztési lehetőségeket látnak a térségükben (a Börzsöny egészét, és égtájak szerinti négy alegységét tekintve). A Börzsöny hegység turisztikai, természetvédelmi és erdész szakembereivel, illetve polgármestereivel készítettünk félig strukturált interjúkat, amelyeket kvalitatív tartalomelemzéssel elemeztünk. Az interjúalanyok számos, a szűkebb környezetükre vonatkozó specifikus, illetve a Börzsöny egészét érintő általános, a természethez köthető értékeket említettek. A természeti és táji értékekre épülő fejlesztési lehetőségek közül is sok ötlet merült fel, amely a turizmushoz (pl. tanösvények, vízitúrák), helyi élelmiszer alapanyagok felhasználásához (pl. táji jellegű ételekre épülő gasztroturizmus) és infrastruktúra fejlesztéséhez (pl. kerékpárút-hálózat bővítése szervíz pontokkal) köthető. Eredményeink azt mutatták, hogy a Börzsönyben számos olyan kiaknázatlan természeti érték van, melyre lehet fejlesztést alapozni és infrastrukturálisan is vannak még kivitelezésre váró ötletek. Ezek egy része megjelenik már a térség fejlesztési terveiben is. Az infrastrukturális fejlesztések esetében azonban olyan fejlesztésre is van igény (pl. M2 út fejlesztése), amelyek ugyan a megközelíthetőségét javíthatják, de egyben a tömegturizmus térnyerésével járhatnak együtt, és ezáltal veszélyeztethetik a természeti értékek állapotát. A negatív hatások elkerülése érdekében ezeknek a fejlesztéseknek az átgondolását és a látogatómenedzsment kialakítását javasoljuk.
Distribution of Heavy Metals in the Coal Mine Waste Dumps Based on Statistical Analysis
Authors: Popovych Vasyl , Menshykova Olga , Voloshchyshyn Andriy , Genyk Yaroslav , Petlovanyi Мykhaylo , Ilkiv Bogdan
Published: February 2024

At the UN Climate Change Conference in Glasgow in autumn 2021 (COP26), world leaders and participants decided to phase out coal energy and gradually replace fossil fuels. At COP26, Ukraine has committed to shutting down state-owned coal-fired power plants by 2035, reducing methane emissions by 30% by 2030 and halting deforestation. The waste dumps are also a detrimental factor in coal mining. The determination of the heavy metals content in the waste dumps of coal mines is a topical issue today, as the results of such studies are part of the monitoring of the environmental safety of mining regions. This scientific article considers the results of research on the heavy metals content in the waste dumps and their distribution in one of the largest coal mines in the Lviv-Volyn coal basin – ‘Chervonohradska’ (Ukraine). 2.9 million m3 of rock have accumulated in the dump since 1971. Every year, 40,000 m3 of fresh rock is dumped.  Samples were taken uniformly from all sides of the dump in places with no vegetation cover. Note that exceeding the maximum allowable concentrations of the studied heavy metals is observed in all areas except for Zn. Statistical analysis of the results of semi-quantitative spectral studies of waste dumps rock at the Chervonohradska mine site was performed using the Statistica 8 applied statistics package. According to the results of more than 50 samples taken at a depth of 0.3 m, the statistical distribution of heavy metals Mn, Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn and Co in the mine dumps was determined, and a correlation analysis was performed. It was found that the distributions of Cu and Zn in dumps are closest to normal. The nonparametric Spearman coefficient (rs) revealed the average level of correlation of the content of heavy metals in the pairs Mn and Ni (rs = 0.46), Mn and Zn (rs = 0.52), Ni and Zn (rs = 0.57), Cu and Zn (rs = 0.49). Chaotic and uneven discharge of rock onto the open area caused uneven substrate deposition of certain chemical elements in the profile of the dump.
Seasonal occurrence of major defoliators of castor in Tamil Nadu
Authors: P A SARAVANAN  , S GEETHA  , M SENTHILKUMAR  , V RAVICHANDRAN  , P VEERAMANI  , P ARUTCHENTHIL  , S R VENKATACHALAM  , S MANICKAM  , P DURAIMURUGAN
Published: February 2024

Castor is a non-edible oil bearing crop adapted to dry lands of tropics and semi-arid tropics. The seasonal occurrence of major defoliators viz., semilooper, Spodoptera and hairy caterpillars in castor was recorded continuously for last ten years (2012-2022) at Tapioca and Castor Research Station, Yethapur. The results revealed that Spodoptera litura was the major defoliator with a mean population of 4.3 larva/plant /year followed by semilooper and hairy caterpillar with 1.74 larva/plant/year and 1.44 larva/plant/year respectively. The maximum population of defoliators was recorded every year during 43rd to 49th standard weeks (October, November).
Heterosis for seed yield and yield contributing traits inSunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: J V SHINDE  , M K GHODKE  , B D CHAUDHARI  , K B GAIWAL
Published: February 2024

The present investigation on “Heterosis studies for seed yield and yield contributing traits in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). four CMS & eight restorer lines were crossed in L x T design to produce 32 hybrids duringkharif- 2021these 32 hybrids along with two checks were evaluated for days to 50 % flowering, day to maturity, plant height, head diameter, seed filling percentage, 100 seed weight, volume weight, hull content, seed yield/plant and oil content. The range of heterosis over best check LSFH-171 was from (-52.81)per cent CMS-47A x IR-1-1 to (30.67)per cent CMS-234A x MRHA-2. whereas for another check LSFH-35 was from (-50.88)per cent CMS-47A x IR-1-1 to (36.02)per cent CMS-234A x MRHA-2 for seed yield/plant. Among the hybrids CMS-234A X MRHA-2, CMS-249A X R/HA-1, CMS-47A X MRHA-2, CMS-234A X R/HA-1 and CMS-10A X MRHA-2 was most promising for seed yield /plant (g) on the basis ofper se performance, highest significant standard heterosis for seed yield and yield contributing traits.
Cytokinin improves the sink strength and seed yield ofsunflower hybrid, KBSH-44
Authors: A S PIOUS SECONDO  , Y A NANJA REDDY
Published: February 2024

Major production constraint in sunflower hybrids is the poor sink strength. Here we report a hormonal manipulation to improve sink strength and seed yield. Application of BAP (@20 g/ha) at ray floret stage, significantly improved the sink strength parameters viz., thalamus size, number of seeds per head and test weight with a reduced central sterility and resulted in increased seed yield. Additional NAA (50 g/ ha) and GA (10 g/ha) with BAP (20 g/ha) did not improve the seed yield over control. We suggest that application of BAP (@20 g/ha) at ray floret stage is beneficial to increase the sink strength and seed yield of KBSH-44.
Heterosis studies for seed yield and yield contributing traits insesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
Authors: A S RATHOD  , S P POLE  , K B GAIWAL  , J V SHINDE  , A J SALUNKE
Published: February 2024

The highest magnitude of significantly positive heterosis over mid parent to the extent of 77.91 per cent and over standard check JLT-408 to the extent of 34.63 per cent was recorded by the cross RT-351 X TMV-4 and the cross RT-346 X PKDS-11 showed heterosis (57.01 %) over better parent for seed yield/plant. The crosses RT351 X TMV-4 and RT-346 X THILARANI were identified as the best cross combinations for further exploitation.
Conservation agriculture based practices sustains productivity and profitabilityand improves health of black calcareous soils undergroundnut based production systems
Authors: RAM A JAT  , RAJARAM CHOUDHARY  , KIRAN K REDDY
Published: February 2024

A field experiment was conducted during 2015 to 2019 at Research Farm of ICAR- Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, India to study the effects of tillage and residue management practices in two groundnut-based cropping systems. It could be concluded that minimum tillage along with residue application has the potential for higher system productivity, profitability, and improve the soil health.
Heterosis and combining ability studies in Sesame
Authors: P M MISTRY  , P N ZALA  , P K JAGTAP
Published: February 2024

The present investigation on heterosis and combining ability using line × tester analysis at NRS, NAU, Vanarasi Gujarat indicated that there is sufficient amount of variation present in the tested material for seed yield and its components. Non-additive genetic variances were important in the inheritance of all the traits. The preponderance of non-additive genetic variance was observed in the inheritance of days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity, plant height, effective branches/plant, capsules/plant, capsule length, seeds/capsule, 1000-seed weight, harvest index, seed yield/plant and oil content which suggested that heterosis breeding would be more suitable for the improvement of these traits in sesame. Further the crosses which exhibited high seed and oil yield along with high heterosis and heterobeltiosis should be exploited through pedigree method to obtain desirable transgressive segregants with high seed yield along with high oil content.
Toward improvement of oil content in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
Authors: S K SHINDE
Published: February 2024

Safflower is one of the humanities oldest crop but world wide comparatively a minor crop limited in distribution because of environmental factor and spiny nature of the crop. More or less Day neutral crop but thermosensitive so grown as a rabi crop It has got phenotypic plasticity of plant population i.e. variation in plant density changes structure and branching maintaining same yield levels. Safflower, a multipurpose oilseed crop Seed - cooking oil, bird seed Petals - natural dyes (Carthamin) and medicinal use (herbal tea). However in India safflower is manly grown for its premium Oil. The oil content off ruling varieties viz, A1, PBNS -12, Bhima, Phule Kusuma and SSF-708 is around 28-3o% and hence scope for increase the oil content. India import oil more than 60% percent of its annual Requirement. In important to make effort toward the increasing oil production by improving the oil content.
Postharvest losses and seed storage problems in major Sesame(Sesamum indicum L.) Growing states in India
Authors: C MANIMURUGAN  , P DURAIMURUGAN  , J JAWAHAR LAL  , K NATARAJAN  , M KANWAT  , R BISEN  , M SUJATHA
Published: February 2024

A survey was conducted on postharvest losses and seed storage problems in sesame under farmers, oil extraction mills, mandi (government-regulated grain selling and procurement market) and warehouse conditions in major sesame growing states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. It was observed a minimum of 10% to a maximum of 25% postharvest losses from harvesting to transportation of seeds to processing/ washing plant for export purposes. These losses are mainly because of shattering while harvesting, spillage during transportation, improper handling in mandi and unscientific storage methods adopted by farmers and traders.
Effect of phosphorus and sulphur levels on soil nutreint status in sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: MD FARHAT KOUSAR  , P A VISALAKSHI DEVI  , A AZIZ QURESHI  , T VENKATA SRIDHAR
Published: February 2024

A field experiment was conducted to study the response of Sunflower to Phosphorus and Sulphur levels at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla, during rabi, 2018. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with factorial concept replicated thrice with ten treatments. The Phosphorus and Sulphur status in soil increased with increasing levels of phosphorus from 0 to 135 kg P2O5 ha-1 but significant upto 90 kg P2O5 ha-1 whereas, the highest level of sulphur i.e., 30 kg S ha-1 recorded significantly higher uptake of Phosphorus and Sulphur soil at all growth stages of Sunflower.
Geographic specificity of infestation of phytoplasma in weeds and sesame asrevealed by 16S rRNA gene based detection
Authors: K B DURGA BHAVANI  , V DINESH KUMAR  , KT RAMYA  , LP SUMAN
Published: February 2024

Nested PCR based study and analysis of the sequences of 16SrRNA fragment clones derived from the DNA isolated phyllody affected as well as healthy leaves of sesame crop and the weeds growing in the same fields showed that the prevalent strain of phytoplasma belonged to Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia of 16SrII-D group. This study showed that the phytoplasma causing phyllody infects other weed plants and thus provides a hint to the continuum in the availability of the pathogen infecting sesame crop.
Screening of Niger (Guizotia abyssinica) germplasm against sucking pests
Authors: SHIVALEELA  , SUVARNA  , SANGEETA  , I MACHA
Published: February 2024

Studies were carried out on screening of 114 germplasm of Niger along with two check varieties RCR 18 and DNS 4 during kharif, 2020 at College of Agriculture, Raichur against sucking pests. Screening of Niger germplasms for their resistance or susceptibility against sucking pests viz., whiteflies, aphids and jassids based on the infestation. Among them 40 germplasm scored one (R), 36 germplasm scored two (MR), 22 germplasm scored three (MS), 12 germplasm scored four (HS) and 6 germplasm scored five(S)
Wide hybridization in Rapeseed-Mustard
Authors: ARUN KUMAR  , HS MEENA  , BL MEENA  , HARIOM SHARMA  , REEMA RANI  , PRASHANT YADAV  , VV SINGH  , PK RAI
Published: February 2024

The Brassicas are an important group of crops in India yielding oils and many vegetables. For improving cultivated brassicas, the distant relatives are of considerable value. Wide hybridization is the way which could combine the valuable features of parental species into the hybrid. Crosses among Brassicaspecies viz., B. juncea (AABB, 2n = 36), B. Carinata (BBCC, 2n = 34), B. napus (AACC, 2n = 38), B. campestris (AA, 2n = 20), wild relative of cultivated species B. fruticulosa (2n = 4x=32, FFFF), and B. tournefortii (2n=20, TT) were attempted with the objective to find out crossability among them, analyse chromosome association in inter-specific hybrids, generate genetic variability and combine desirable characters in a targeted genotypes/species.
Genetic variability for phenological and yield contributing traits in soybean[Glycine max (L.) Merr.]
Authors: BINGI PUJARI MALLIKARJUNA  , SANJAY K LAL  , MANISHA SAINI  , AKSHAY TALUKDAR  , AMBIKA RAJENDRAN
Published: February 2024

A field experiment was carried out with 711 soybean genotypes to assess the genetic variability for phenological and yield contributing traits. A large genetic variation for was observed among the genotypes for phenological, yield contributing traits and pod borer tolerance. Variance analysis found that all the traits differed significantly for different source of variations. Except days to maturity, all the traits studied exhibited moderate to high heritability and genetic advance. This suggests that the selection based on these traits would be useful in improving the grain yield. Days to first flowering showed significant positive association with days to 50% flowering, pod initiation, days to maturity, plant height, no. of pods per plant and seed yield. Further, association analysis revealed that the incidence of pod borer significantly reduced seed yield. Principal component analysis revealed that phenological traits viz., days to 50% flowering, pod initiation and days to maturity were closely associated and were the main contributors in PC1. Path analysis revealed plant height and no. of pods per plant has highest direct influence to seed yield.
Identification of marker-trait associations for oil content insafflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
Authors: B USHA KIRAN  , V DINESH KUMAR  , A UMA
Published: February 2024

Increasing seed oil content is one of the most important goals in breeding of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). In this study, we identified five marker-trait association and candidate gene (CtDGAT1) showing strong association with oil content in safflower.
Prebreeding and genetic enhancement of cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) using diploid wild Helianthus species in India
Authors: H P MEENA  , M SUJATHA  , P S SRINIVAS  , PRADUMAN YADAV
Published: February 2024

Pre-breeding activities using promising diploid wild Helianthus like Helianthus annuus (wild), H. argophyllus, H. praecox, H. debilis and H. petiolaris and popular cultivar (ARM-243B) have been initiated at ICAR Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad to increase the frequency of desirable genes, wider adaptability and a broad genetic base. Wider variability was observed for yield and yield contributing traits besides disease reactions within and between species. Evaluation of a few populations for biotic stresses and yield related traits resulted in the identification of desirable introgression lines. The highest seed yield (42.5 g/plant) was reported in combinations with H. annuus (wild), H. petiolaris (40.2 g/plant) and H. debilis (39.8 g/plant). Interspecificderivatives derived from H. praecox were found resistant to powdery mildew. Interspecific derivatives of H. argophyllus, namely PB-1001, PB-1003, PB-1005, PB-1007, PB-1008, PB-1014, and PB-1019 were resistant to leafhoppers, while PB-1003, PB-1005, and PB-1007 exhibited resistant reactions to downy mildew under sick plot conditions. H. debilis derivatives viz., PB-120, PB-127, PB-128, PB-129 and PB-130 recorded >40% oil content. The pre-breeding lines derived from these interspecific cross combinations serve as an invaluable reservoir of genes for carrying out basic studies on the key traits as well as the exploitation of agronomically desirable traits in the AICRP sunflower breeding programmes.
ICAR-IIOR sunflower: an android mobile app for knowledge dissemination
Authors: P MADHURI  , H P MEENA  , M SUJATHA  , S N SUDHAKARA BABU  , R D PRASAD
Published: February 2024

India has become the fastest growing mobile market in recent years. In India, there are enormous opportunities for utilizing the smart phones as a part of agribusiness improvement. Usage of smart phones is exponentially increasing in rural areas hence, providing information to large number of farmers. In this context ICAR-IIOR-SUNFLOWER, mobile app was developed by ICAR-IIOR to provide entire package of practices required for sunflower cultivation. The App supports English language and available on Google play store. Features include offline and online mode and offer valuable information to the extension workers, farmers, sunflower researchers and other stakeholders.
Performance of sesame variety YLM-66 (SARADA) under Cluster FrontlineDemonstrations in Andhra Pradesh
Authors: MALATHI B  , A BHASKARAN  , JV PRASAD  , YG PRASAD  , A R REDDY  , C CHAITHANYA  , B VANUSHA  , NSR JOGAMBA
Published: February 2024

A total of 1530 Cluster frontline demonstrations were conducted in farmers’ fields with sesame variety YLM-66. The demonstration yields with YLM-66 and recommended package of practices ranged between 7.37 q ha-1 to 8.13q ha-1 with average yield of 7.71 q ha-1 which was 30.08% higher than the farmer’s practice (5.93 q ha-1). The average net returns of 39201 Rs. ha-1 and benefit cost ratio of 2.81 were recorded with improved technology against net returns of 26573 Rs. ha-1 and benefit cost ratio of 2.34 in farmers’ practice.
Effect of different sowing schedule and crop geometry on productivity andprofitability of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
Authors: A L JAT  , A G DESAI  , B S RATHORE
Published: February 2024

A field experiment was conducted during three consecutive rabi seasons of 2014-15 to 2016-17 to study the effect of different sowing dates and crop geometry on productivity and profitability of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) at Castor-Mustard Research Station, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar in the north-Gujarat agro-climatic region. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with 3 sowing dates and 5 planting geometry replicated thrice. Results revealed that sowing of mustard crop in the second fortnight ofOctober during all three years produced significantly higher seed yield (1882 kg/ha). Among the planting geometry, significantly higher seed yield, was recorded with 30 cm× 10 cmfollowed by 45 cm × 15 cm as compared to rest of the spacing. Similar trend followed for net returns and B: C ratio.
Analysis of genetic diversity in groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea L.)
Authors: K DIVYA  , G Y LOKESH  , B RAJANNA  , K SHIVAKUMAR  , S SREEDEVI CHAVAN
Published: February 2024

The genetic diversity among 105 groundnut germplasm for 11 characters was measured by employing D2 statistic and these were grouped into 15 clusters. The average D2 values of inter cluster distances, showed maximum distancebetween Cluster V and XV (12283.79) followed by inter cluster distance (11278.47) between III and XV. The clusters were ranked based on the overall score across 11 traits. Accordingly, cluster X was superior which indicates the presence of most promising genotypes in them. Hundred pod weight and harvest index had maximum contribution of 43.64% and 21.76% respectively to the divergence of genotypes.
Efficient production of induced double haploid (DH) plantsderived from anther culture
Authors: SHRINKHLA MAURYA  , BHUMIKA SHARMA  , SUMAN RAWTE  , ZENU JHA
Published: February 2024

The success of DH technology dependents on the efficacy of optimized protocol that could be utilized for large scale production of homozygous lines. In this study, anther culture protocol was established using invitro colchicine treatment of haploid callus derived from anthers of niger (Guizotia abyssinica L.F. cass). Flower buds at uninucleate stage were kept for 24 hours cold pre-treatment followed by anther inoculation. 30-40 days old callus were subjected to different colchicine treatments (0, 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%) for different time intervals (6,16, 24, 30, 48hours). Colchicine treated (CT) callus were transferred to greening media followed by transferring to shooting media. Observations of greening and shooting percentage were taken with reference to control. The greening percentage found to be decreased (34%) compared to control (40%). However, 90-95% and 85-90% increment in shooting and rooting percentage was observed at 0.2% CT for 30 hours as compared to control which showed 15-20% shooting and 40-45% rooting. It was concluded that the incorporation of CT at callus stage increase the overall efficiency of DH production.
Molecular characterization supports that the surviving population of Linseed leafblight in Chhattisgarh is Alternaria lini
Authors: ARADHANA SINGH PAIKRA  , ASHULATAKAUSHAL  , TARUN PRADHAN  , NISHA THAKUR  , G K AWADHIYA  , A S KOTASTHANE
Published: February 2024

Naturally infected linseed leaves expressing leaf blight symptoms were collected from different linseed growing regions of Chhattisgarh. Eight isolates of Alternaria spp. (ALN-1, ALN-2, ALN-3, ALN-4, ALN-5, ALN-6, ALN-7 and ALN-8) were derived from naturally infected leaves. Isolates varied in their colony morphology and conidial size (L:-4.30-16.37µm; W:-3.80-5.18 µm; beak length ranged from 1.47 µm to 4.20 µm) but they all resembled peculiar characteristics of Alternaria lini. Sequence analysis of the ITS region confirmed the species identity of Alternaria spp as Alternaria lini.
Response of safflower to foliar spray of nano urea
Authors: S A SHINDE  , S B GHUGE  , P O BHUTADA
Published: February 2024

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of different rates of soil applied nitrogen (100% N, 75% N and 50% N) and foliar spray of nano urea and 2% urea (at flowering and seed filling stages) on growth and yield of safflower. The results showed that the effect of soil applied urea at vegetative stage and foliar applied urea at reproductive stage had significant effect on seed and biological yield (1581, 4249 kg/ha) of safflower and recorded maximum biological yield among given treatments.
Genome-wide association studies on charcoal rot resistance in soybean (Glycine max, L.)
Authors: VENNAMPALLY NATARAJ  , PAWAN KUMAR AMRATE  , MILIND B RATNAPARKHE  , SHIVAKUMAR MARANNA  , LAXMAN SINGH RAJPUT  , GIRIRAJ KUMAWAT  , NISHA AGRAWAL  , SALIKRAM MOHARE  , MANOJ SRIVASTAVA  , K BHOJARAJA NAIK  , RISHIRAJ SINGH RAGHUVANSHI  , SANJAY GUPTA
Published: February 2024

A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted for Charcoal rot resistance by using 267 soybean germplasm lines. GWAS analysis revealed two most significant SNPs at chromosome 3 (S3_8215775 and S3_8309181) for multiple traits associated with adult plant resistance. Candidate genes related to calcium ion signaling, response to nematode infestation, abscisic acid stimulus and defense response to bacteria were identified within the flanking regions of the significant SNP positions. Among all, one most important gene (Glyma.03G057100) involved in jasmonic acid biosynthesis was identified. Two SNPs each on chromosome 8 (S8_22467783 and S8_22467802) and chromosome 9 (S9_2923863 and S9_2935518), associated with seedlingresistance have also been identified.
Impact of conservation tillage and agronomic biofortification strategies on soil health and grain quality aspects under soybean–wheat cropping system
Authors: RAGHAVENDRA MADAR  , SARIKA NAMDEV  , R K VERMA  , A RAMESH  , M P SHARMA
Published: February 2024

A field experiment was initiated in 2018 at ICAR-IISR Indore (MP), to study the effect of crop establishment techniques and agronomic biofortification methods on grain yield, crop and soil quality aspects under long-term conservation agriculture (CA) based soybean-wheat cropping system. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with two crop establishment techniques and eight agronomic biofortification methods. The results revealed that significantly higher grain yield, lowest soil pH, highest available nutrients (DTPA-Zn and DTPA-Fe), increased soil enzyme (Dehydrogenase) of soybean and wheat under conservation tillage. Among different agronomic biofortification methods soil application of Zn+Fe (DTPA-Zn and DTPA-Fe) reported significantly higher grain yield, compared to control. However, seed inoculation of microbial strains MDSR 14 + MDSR 34reported significantly lowest soil pH, highest soil enzyme. Soybean and wheat grain phytic acid/Zn (<15) and phytic acid/Fe (<10) molar ratio was found significantly lower under conservation tillage and foliar application of Zn+Fe. Thus, in long term, adaptation of conservation tillage along with soil or foliar application of Zn+Fe and seed inoculation of MDSR 14 + MDSR 34 could be prominent options to improve yield, soil and crop quality parameters under CA based soybean-wheat cropping system.
Effect of foliar spray of nano urea and 2% urea on growth parameters which contribute to yield of safflower
Authors: P A GAYATHRI  , S B GHUGE  , S A SHINDE
Published: February 2024

The results from the present investigation showed that application of 100% nitrogen in the form of urea top dressing at vegetative stage and foliar spray of nano urea and 2% urea at reproductive stage improved the physiological parameters and yield of safflower. The growth parameters viz. leaf area index, relative growth rate, crop growth rate and net assimilation rate and seed yield recorded maximum values with 100% N application, while they reduced when the nitrogen dose was halved.
Studies on inheritance of achene colour and markings among confectionary germplasm of sunflower
Authors: BALPREET KAUR  , VINEETA KAILA  , PANKAJ SHARMA
Published: February 2024

To study the genetic control of achene colour in sunflower, a cross was made between EC-734846 × EC734849-II having white and black kernels respectively and another cross was made between EC-734863-II and EC734846 having black striped and white achene colour. The first cross revealed typical monohybrid segregation of 3:1 for black to white seeds. The backcross with recessive parent exhibited 1:1 ratio suggesting achene colour to be single gene controlled with white seed colour controlled by recessive allele. The second cross revealed the ratios of grey seeds with white stripes, greyish black and white seeds with black stripes colour seeded plants to be 9:3:4 suggesting supplementary gene interaction among two genes controlling the seed colour and distinctive markings.
Vegetable oils: A brief overview on the production issues and insights to overcome them
Authors: LAVISH VAID  , JASLEEN KAUR
Published: February 2024

Vegetable oils are extracted from corn, palm, soybean, and sunflower seeds. In accordance with a study, about 250 lakh metric tonnes of vegetable oils are consumed domestically each year, but only 111.6 lakh metric tonnes are produced. More than half of the country's domestic needs are imported. The need to reduce import dependence must be addressed immediately. Research and technology dissemination, as well as institutional interventions, will contribute to the revitalization of the oil industry. It is worth noting that India has the potential to increase its oilseed production.
Capital formation through Technology Integrated Approaches for Tribal Communities: A Pragmatic Analysis
Authors: RK YOGI  , AK SHARMA  , AK SINGH  , SANJAY KUMAR  , AB TIWARI  , NEHA RAJAN  , ANJANI KUMAR  , PK RAI
Published: February 2024

The present study is part of an evaluation report of the Scheduled Tribe Component (STC) implemented in the Jharkhand area. Under this project, more than 6000 tribal families were covered under the capacity building and skill development programs with forward and backward linkages during 2021-22. A preliminary survey revealed the footprints of technology dissemination among the tribal households, affordability of inputs, and infrastructural development for value addition in the oilseed sector in general and rapeseed mustard in particular. Productivity of rapeseed mustard improved in Ranchi (4.17%) and Gumla (2.63%) districts over the state of Jharkhand (1.29%) during the period of 20010-11 to 2019-20. Based upon the existing yield gaps and growth rates coupled with the synergy of apiculture, capital formation forecasting reflects the huge potential in the tribal economy of the country and would be an effective strategy to improve the vulnerability indices in aspirational areas.
Influence of crop establishment method and residue management practices on productivity and economics of soybean-based cropping systems
Authors: R K VERMA  , M RAGHAVENDRA  , A RAMESH  , PRINCE CHOYAL  , N KHANDEKAR  , M P SHARMA  , L S RAJPUT
Published: February 2024

The field experiment was conducted during kharif, 2021 at ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore (MP). This experiment was initiated in kharif season of 2017, to study the effect of different cropping systems, crop establishment method and residue management practices on productivity and soil health of soybeanbased cropping systems. Significantly higher yield of soybean was registered under soybean-chickpea. Among the crop establishment techniques, permanent broad bed and furrow (PBBF) + residue retention (R) followed by PBBF + without residue retention (WR) found superior as compared to conventional tillage as per farmer practices. The increase in seed yield was 13.0 to 19.0% under PBBF technology as compared to conventional tillage as per farmers’ practices (CTFP).
Analysis of physio-biochemical indices for growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: S R MORE  , P H DESHMUKH  , G R LOTHE
Published: February 2024

The present study on the topic was performed at AICRP on groundnut, M.P.K.V., Rahuri, (M.S.) during summer 2021.The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replication including sixteen genotypes. The groundnut genotypes with highest rate of photosynthesis and transpiration processes are higher in yielding. Correlation studies revealed that number of mature pods/plant and 100 kernels weight (g), showed maximum influence on dry pod yield (g/plant). The genotypes Phule Unnati, ICGV-15311 and ICGV-15303 showed higher yielding ability and HI (%).
Leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttula (ishida): An Emerging insect pest on sunflower
Authors: VIJAYKUMAR N GHANTE  , POORNIMA  , M R UMESH  , VIKAS KULKARNI
Published: February 2024

The present experiment was conducted to know the seasonal incidence of leafhopper, A. biguttula biguttula on sunflower. The significant and negative correlation was observed between nymphal population and minimum temperature, while bright sunshine hours showed a significant and positive correlation. However, there was no significant and positive correlation between leafhopper population and Rainfall. Whereas, the relation was negative and non-significant with maximum temperature, morning relative humidity and evening relative humidity.
Evaluation of cold pressed oilseed cakes - A potential by-product for valorization
Authors: APARNA KUNA  , LAKSHMIPRASANNA KATA
Published: February 2024

In a sstudy taken up to evaluate the nutritional composition of cold pressed oilseed cakes, sesame and mustard oilseed cakes were richest sources of protein, fiber and minerals. The essential amino acids content among the oilseed cakes ranged between 32.98 to 41.05gm/100gm, with highest essential amino acid content in mustard seed cake. Oleic Acid (C18:1n9cis) and linoleic Acid (C18:2n6cis) acids were found in higher quantities among all the oilseed cakes. However anti-nutrients like oxalates, phytates and saponins were also present in all seed cakes with significantly higher content in sesame and mustard seed cakes indicating the need for various pre-treatments before using the oilseed cakes for various food formulations. The oil processing industry generates a large amount of oilseed cake every year and hence efforts must be aimed at minimizing and efficiently valorizing this nutritious byproduct to support the concept of zero waste.
Identification of determinate sesame lines (Sesamum indicum L.): A step forward in vegetable oil
Authors: SIMA SINHA
Published: February 2024

An experiment was conducted at Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bihar in the year 2020 and 2021 during summer season with 11 elite lines Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) including two national checks (GT-10, TKG-22 and one zonal check JTS-08) to identify genotypes that had determinate habit so that the capsules matured uniformly. Three lines, BRT-04, BRT-08 and BRT-10, were identified as determinate plant type ones and BRT- 09 was identified as semi determinate type.
Management of soil borne diseases of safflower through seed dressing with new fungicide molecules and biopolymer based Trichoderma
Authors: D R MURUMKAR  , H N AIWALE  , L N TAGAD  , S I TAMBE
Published: February 2024

A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive rabi seasons during 2020-21 and 2021-22 to evaluate the new fungicide molecules and biopolymer based Trichoderma as a seed dressers for management of soil borne diseases of safflower. Among the different treatments, seed treatment with Penflufen 13.28% w/w + Tryfloxistrobin 13.28%w/w FS @ 1ml/kg seed was found most effective as it recorded significantly highest germination (96.5%), least incidence of Fusarium wilt (5.4%) and Macrophomina root rot (5.6%) and significantly highest seed yield (1103 kg/ha), net monetary returns (Rs.33940/-) and B:C ratio (2.69), however, it was statistically at par with seed treatment of biopolymer based T. harzianum, Th4d@10 ml/kg seed (1017 kg/ha) and seed treatmentwith T. harzianum, Th4d WP @ 10g/kg seed (948 kg/ha) for seed yield.
Assessment of factor productivity and individual input effect on yield and economics of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]
Authors: G SOMANAGOUDA  , HARSHIYA BANU  , R CHANNAKESHAVA  , SHALINI HUILGOL  , G K NAIDU
Published: February 2024

In India, the area under soybean is steadily increasing, while production and productivity is comparably low to the world average. To bridge this gap, production factors deciding per-unit production plays a vital role. In the present study, soybean grown with full package (2371 kg/ha) gave significantly higher yield over omission of weed management (1873 kg/ha) and insecticide application (1993 kg/ha). Increase in seed yield with full package over omission of weed management was (21.00%) and omission of insecticide application was (15.94%). The yield gap was higher with weed management (498 kg/ha) and insecticide application (378 kg/ha). Economic gain due to full package was maximum (Net Returns: Rs. 88226/ ha) compared to omission of individual factors.
Effect and profitability of foliar application of thiourea on soybean yield
Authors: PREMA SUNKAD  , G SOMANAGOUDA  , R CHANNAKESHAVA  , S S ANGADI  , HARSHIYA BANU
Published: February 2024

A field study was conducted to know the “effect of soybean to the foliar application of thiourea in rainfed conditions” under Northern transition zone of Karnataka. Among various thiourea levels, foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20-25 DAS and at 50-55 DAS recorded significantly higher seed yield (2582 kg/ ha) and net return (` 56386/ha). Interaction effect showed that foliar application of thiourea at 750 ppm at 20-25 DAS and at 50- 55 DAS in all the three varieties of soybean recorded significantly higher seed yield and profitability compared to all other treatment combinations. Thus foliar application of thiurea at 750 ppm proved most productive and remunerative compared to other thiourea levels for DSb-21 variety with seed yield ( 2587kg/ha) and net returns (56579 `/ha).
Seed production technology of sunflower (Helianthus annuus): An update
Authors: MAHAK SINGH  , AMIT TOMAR  , SANJAY KUMAR
Published: February 2024

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) belonging to the family Asteraceae was introduced in India in 1969 and became one of the important oilseed crops. The oil is used for culinary purpose, preparation of cosmetics etc. Seed production can be taken up in all the three seasons like kharif, rabi and summer. For rainfed conditions June – July and October – November and for irrigated conditions April – May and December – January is suitable for seed production. Sunflower oil is light yellow in colour and possesses good odour, which can be used for a variety of cooking purposes like any other edible oil. Sunflower oil is a rich source of linoleic acid (64%), which helps in washing out of cholesterol deposition in the coronary arteries of theheart, and thus it is good for heart patients. The oil is used for manufacturing hydrogenated oil.Its oil is also used in manufacture of soaps and cosmetics. The sunflower cake contains 40-44% high quality protein. It is ideally suited for poultry and livestock rations. The sunflowerkernels can be eaten raw or roasted. It can also be used for manufacturing baby foods.
Efficacy of various compatible insecticides for management of Sesame phyllody
Authors: K N GUPTA  , A K PANDAY  , RAJNI BISEN
Published: February 2024

A field experiment was conducted during 2018 at research area of AICRP on Sesame and Niger for the effective management of phyllody in sesame. The experiment comprising eight treatments ( T1- Seed treatment with Imidacloprid 17.8 SL@ 5ml/kg seed; T2- T1+ Spray of Imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 0.25ml/l; T3- T1 + Spray of Acetamaiprid @ 0.3g/l; T4- T1 + Spray of Thiocloprid @ 1ml/l; T5- T1 + Spray of Thiomethaxam @ 0.25 g/l; T6- T1+ Spray of Lambda cyhalothrin@ 1ml/l; T7- T1 + Spray of Azadirachtin @ 0.03%;T8- Control was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Among the eight treatments tested a positive and significant response was found with the seed treatment of imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 5 ml/kg + spray of Acetamaiprid 20% SP @0.3 g/L recorded the least disease incidence (7.05 per cent) and maximum seed yield (5.21 q/ha). The results on benefit cost ratio revealed that highest benefit cost ratio was recorded in treatment T3 (4.39). All the treatments are superior over the control.
Stability analysis for yield and yield contributing characters in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: K W KAMBLE  , M V DHUPPE  , A J SALUNKE  , B KRISHNASRI
Published: February 2024

Twenty two genotypes including two checks were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications for yield and yield components under different environments. Estimates of stability parameters revealed that none of the genotypes were stable for all characters; however the genotype ICGV-07296 possesses average stability for days to maturity and pod yield per plant, where as the genotype ICGV-98170 recorded early flowering, where as the genotype ICGV-07273 for number of mature pod per plant, ICGV-07235 and ICGV-00187 for kernel yield per plant, ICGV-07273 for oil content exhibited average stability so they were adapted to all the environments. ICGV-07296 for days to maturity, ICGV-07273 for shelling percentage, ICGV-06151 for sound mature kernel, ICGV-06150 and ICGV-07217 for pod yield per plant and ICGV-0076 for pod yield per plot showed below average stability so they were better adapted to favorable environment. Whereas the genotypes ICGV-0211, ICGV-07270 and JL-24 were found especially adapted to better environment, while the genotypes ICGV-07106 and ICGV-06138 were adapted to unfavorable or poor environment.
An Institutional Regulatory Analysis for Genetically Modified Products with special reference to Bt Mustard
Authors: ABHISHEK AGNIHOTRI
Published: February 2024

Rules for the Manufacture, Use/Import/Export, and Storage of Hazardous Micro Organisms/Genetically Engineered Organisms or Cells, 1989 has laid down several guidelines to ensure environmental safety in the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and to provide regulatory approvals for dealing with genetically engineered (GE) entities.A few committees have been constituted under the 1989 rules and the Recombinant DNA (rDNA) safety guidelines, 1990 at the institutional level, including Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC). The Paper intends to analyze policy initiatives in the direction of biotechnology regulation in India, especially after the petition was filed opposing the government's approval of field trials for GM crops. The petitioner has sought Supreme Court's intervention in the matter with a clear direction to the government for not pushing and going ahead with the approval of field trials of GM crops.
Genetic analysis of yield and yield component traits in exotic soybean germplasm (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) for vegetable type under Indian Conditions
Authors: VANGALA RAJESH  , SANJAY GUPTA  , GIRIRAJ KUMAWAT  , NEHA PANDEY  , SUBHASH CHANDRA  , V NATARAJ  , M SHIVAKUMAR  , G K SATPUTE  , LOKESH KUMAR MEENA  , SANJEEV KUMAR  , RACHANA TRIPATHI  , NISHA AGRAWAL
Published: February 2024

The present investigation was carried out at ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore during kharif, 2019 to evaluate 105 soybean germplasm accessions received from World Vegetable center (AVRDC), Taiwan for vegetable type under Indian Conditions. Genetic parameters such as genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance were estimated for 11 quantitative characters. High estimates of PCV and GCV were recorded for row yield, grain yield per plant, number of primary branches per plant, 100 seed weight, number of pods per plant, number of pod clusters per plant and plant height. This indicates considerable variability and provide scope for genetic improvement through selection. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was found for row yield, grain yield per plant, 100 seed weight, and number of pods per plant, plant height and days to 50 per cent flowering. This designates careful selection leads to improvement of traits and provides better opportunitiesfor selecting plant material for these traits in soybean breeding program for vegetable type.
Evaluation of sunflower germplasm against charcoal rot
Authors: NAVKIRAN KAUR  , JASWINDER KAUR  , ANNA GOEL  , AMANDEEP SINGH  , PANKAJ SHARMA  , P S SANDHU  , VINEETA KAILA  , S S KANDHOLA
Published: February 2024

A total of 85 sunflower genotypes were evaluated against charcoal rot by imposing drought conditions during flowering. Disease assessment was done by taking inner lesion length that varied from 0.70 cm 47.82 cm and the average inner lesion length of non-irrigated trials was more as compared to irrigated trials. The disease spread was more prominent in drought conditions that affect the plant height, root width as well as the head diameter.
Management of leaf eating caterpillars through intercropping with Suva, Anethum graveolens in soybean
Authors: R CHANNAKESHAVA  , G SOMANAGOUDA  , SHALINI N HUILGOL  , G K NAIDU  , HARSHIYA BANU
Published: February 2024

Defoliators are common insect pests of soybean and often cause economic losses. Insecticides are the first option that farmers choose to minimize the damage caused by the defoliators, and the result is not only the emergence of resistance to insecticides in the pests but also environmental pollution. A field experiment carried out at the UAS, Dharwad, India, during Kharif 2021 tested different combinations of Soybean+suva intercrop for their ability to reduce the damage caused by defoliators to soybean leaves and the effect on grain yield of soybean. Among these, Soybean + Suva (3 soybean: 2 suva: 3 soybean rows combination) was effective in reducing larval population.