bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direction finder infrared systems
Authors: Krivosheev P. S. , Khatsevish T. N.
Published: October 2022

The review of direction-finding IR-systems of circular view is given. The main problems arising in the design of this type of systems are described. The purpose of the article is to analyze the possibility of using wide-angle infrared lenses for object direction finding. The principles of constructing a wide-angle direction-finding module are determined. The results of calculating the detection range of objects by the Johnson criterion for lenses with different angular fields are presented. Fundamental circuit solutions of an IR lens with an angular field of up to 150° have been found. Ways are founded on creating an objective on its basis for connecting with a cooled IR-detector spectral range of 3-5 μm. The prospects of using optical methods for changing fields of vision for solving direction-finding problems are shown.
Problem of stability of modern cryptosystems against the background of the emergence of quantum computers
Authors: Kudryashov V. E. , Fionov A. N.
Published: October 2022

Every year, the production of quantum computers is becoming more productive and cheaper - for example, “The Tsuchongzi” computer uses 56 qubits and is able to solve problems that highlight the possibility of quantum acceleration within a few hours, while classical supercomputers require tens of thousands of years. Currently, IBM allows any Internet user to remotely connect and work on a real quantum computer, albeit with a power of several qubits. Modern cryptography is based on the fact that it is difficult to carry out factorization of integers or discrete logarithm by classical algorithms. But with the use of Shor's algorithm on a quantum computer, these difficulties are easily bypassed. Some of the most popular cryptographic systems - RSA (integer factorization), DH (discrete logarithm), and ECDSA (elliptic curves over finite fields) - will no longer be a reliable tool for data encryption with the advent of productive quantum computers. In this article, post-quantum cryptographic systems are studied and compared with the classical RSA system.
Comprehensive Information Protection at the Manufacturing Plant
Authors: Kulesh E. E. , Smirnov R. A. , Popkov G. V.
Published: October 2022

The development of an integrated information security system (hereinafter referred to as KSI) reflects a systematic approach to ensuring information security (hereinafter referred to as IS) of the enterprise, preventing theft and leaks of restricted access information, and also optimizes the operation of the enterprise's IT system, reduces capital and operating expenses of the organization. Ensuring information security in production has its own "subtleties" associated with the peculiarity of automated control systems (hereinafter - ACS) of the enterprise and with the specifics of the course of production processes. Setting up an information security system will require high attention, since any error can lead not only to failure, but also to an accident. As a result of the study of complex information protection at a manufacturing enterprise, the following results were obtained: the features of information security at the enterprise were determined, the analysis of current security threats was carried out, the issues of implementing an information protection system at the enterprise were considered.
Detection of network embedded devices in the perimeter of the organization
Authors: Kulbyakina N. D. , Popkov G. V.
Published: October 2022

One of the important tasks in ensuring the information security of a corporate network is to ensure the smooth operation of its main components, especially during peak loads. The development of network infrastructure is inevitably associated with the emergence of processes in the network that reduce network performance. One of the most difficult tasks in the administration of large corporate networks is tracking parasitic traffic generated by computer viruses, various scanners and software. Cyber groups are overcoming the protection on the perimeter of the organizations they are interested in, and this is evidenced by the trend towards an increase in the proportion of successful targeted attacks. This is an occasion to shift the focus from preventing attacks on the perimeter to timely detection of compromise and response within the network. However, it is difficult to identify a carefully planned, sometimes time-spaced cyberattack. Nevertheless, the actions of hackers leave traces in network traffic, which means that the task of a cybersecurity specialist is to detect these traces. This article will consider one of the possible options for identifying atypical network activity and detecting the end device that generates these events.
Control of photomasks using digital methods
Authors: Iisenko A. V. , Nikulin D. M.
Published: October 2022

The production of photomasks is one of the most complex processes in microelectronics. The precision of manufacturing the elements of the photomask depends on the accuracy of manufacturing the chips. The article proposes a technique for controlling defects, compatibility and measuring the size of elements of photomasks based on digital image processing using software products. The design of an experimental installation for quality control and accuracy of photomasks using optical and optoelectronic devices is given. The optical characteristics of the proposed installation are calculated: field of view and resolution. Experimental results of the control of defects of photomasks on it according to three technological parameters are presented: the search for defects, the control of the geometric dimensions of elements and the combination. Experimental results show the possibility of using such installations for defect control and evaluation of the topology characteristics of photomasks.
Analysis of the possibilities of developing a low-operating technology for manufacturing the mechanical part of optical devices
Authors: Makushin М. А. , Pеtrov P. V.
Published: October 2022

The article discusses the relevance of modern low-operating technology for manufacturing the mechanical part of optical devices. It is suggested that the most suitable modern technological strategies for the low-operational production of complex metal parts of devices are additive technologies and cutting processing on machines of the "processing center" type (OC). The advantages and disadvantages of 3D technologies are systematized. The possibility of obtaining complex metal parts by additive technologies in two to five technological operations has been determined. Attention is drawn to the lack of accurate and objective information about additive technologies in terms of their application in instrumentation. The factors hindering the low-operational technology of manufacturing metal parts on machines of the "OC" type, as well as measures to eliminate these factors, are determined. The possibility of obtaining complex metal parts using OC in five technological operations has been determined.
Development of a project to create a protected corporate network using VPN technologies
Authors: Gerlits O. A. , Popkov G. V.
Published: October 2022

This article discusses the currently relevant problem of choosing software products in the conditions of blocking Internet resources. A large number of foreign companies have temporarily ceased cooperation with Russian clients. Only a few have done this “softly” for users of their resources: with the distribution of warnings and the possibility of transferring the database to other sites or withdrawing money from previously purchased software maintenance subscriptions. The question remains acute: what difficulties have arisen for Russian business? And what are the alternatives to choosing VPN technologies in the face of blocking resources on the Internet? The purpose of the presented work is to analyze software products, namely corporate VPN. Based on the analysis carried out, recommendations were made for choosing remote access systems.
Criteria for the selection of evaluation indicators of the organization for the control of licensing requirements and conditions in terms of monitoring information security systems
Authors: Maltsev G. D. , Novikov S. N.
Published: October 2022

With the increasing importance of information, the problems with its effective protection increase. The methods of protection must be agreed with the relevant authorities and have the appropriate documentation.The purpose of the work is develop criteria for the selection of evaluation indicators of the organization for the control of licensing requirements and conditions in terms of monitoring information security systems.The following methods were used to perform the work: the method of analysis, generalization, comparison, classification. Solutions from Russian companies Positive Technologies and the Limited Liability Company "Innovation Technologies security", which are suitable for small businesses. The organization was evaluated by personnel and by means of protection. Criteria have been developed for the selection of organization evaluation indicators. Thanks to these indicators, it is easy to determine whether the organization meets the requirements or not, to determine the directions for improvement and protection of the enterprise.
Analysis of the use of image recognition systems for authentication
Authors: Malyutin E. K. , Popkov G. V.
Published: October 2022

The article analyzes the application of the principles of pattern recognition for some areas, many of which are of great importance for the development and stable growth of both the scientific and technological power of the state. Emphasis is placed on those areas of application that actively, if not completely, use the principles of recognition by color and image. Also, a comparative analysis of the principles of pattern recognition was carried out, their advantages, disadvantages and effectiveness were identified. The relevance of the article is determined by the safety of personal data, simplified access to information, the identification and prevention of all kinds of threats, as well as an increase in the speed of response to threats. The purpose of the work is to analyze the principles of pattern recognition in various areas of social activity, to identify the advantages of the principles, as well as the relevance of their application.
Overview of information resources used for the analysis of green spaces in urban areas
Authors: Sazonova L. E.
Published: October 2022

This article is devoted to the consideration of existing information resources that are used in the analysis of green infrastructure of urbanized territories. A brief description of information resources is given. A number of geoinformation systems have been considered. A description of technical means for obtaining images and relevant information about green spaces is given. Conclusions have been drawn about the wide possibilities of modern information resources for the purposes of inventory and monitoring green spaces of urban territories.
Analysis of the possibility of access to remote sensing data for solving problems of territorial marketing
Authors: Sajitmurodov Zh.
Published: October 2022

The article discusses the possibilities of using Earth remote sensing methods to solve problems of territorial marketing. The study considers services that provide access to remote sensing data and allow analysis of multi-zone satellite imagery data. Data sources, access to which is currently impossible or limited, are identified, alternative sources are considered. Their characteristics and possibilities for solving the problems of territorial marketing are studied in detail. It is concluded that fully replace foreign sources, it is necessary to develop medium and high spatial resolution survey systems that provide assured coverage of the entire country, develop user infrastructure and services, and improve data pre-processing tools to improve the accuracy of spatial referencing.
Surveying of land plots: current state, problems and trends of its development
Authors: Semenova D. E. , Giniyatov I. A.
Published: October 2022

Surveying of land plots today is a mandatory procedure when placing land plots on state cadastral registration and further registration of rights to them. At the same time, the procedure for surveying land plots, as a rule, is accompanied by a number of problems related to the control of work, the technical interaction of cadastral engineers with the registration authority and the further use of information from the Unified State Register of Real Estate. Based on the foregoing, the purpose of this work was to consider the current state of land surveying and identify the main problems that cadastral engineers have to face when conducting land surveying. In the course of the work, measures were proposed aimed at solving the listed problems and, on their basis, the main trends in the development of the land surveying procedure were identified.
Analysis of methods for creating spatial models
Authors: Sitnikova A. V.
Published: October 2022

Presently, the use of spatial models has become an integral part of various fields of human activity. Often, when choosing a method for implementing work in a particular area, the main requirements of a customer are: time spent on work, cost and accuracy of the results obtained. In this regard, the study is aimed at identifying the best option for achieving the requirements set by the customer. The article discusses the main methods for creating spatial models and areas of their application. For the main methods were taken: geodetic, photogrammetric and laser scanning method. As a result of the study, advantages and disadvantages of each of the methods were identified, and a comparative analysis was carried out to identify an acceptable method for solving the problem.
Tunable Fabry-Perot interferometer as a dispersing element in spectral devices
Authors: Tiamiyu S. O. , Nikulin D. M.
Published: October 2022

Presently, tunable optical filters are widely used in optical and optoelectronic systems and complexes. Tunable optical filters are essential components in a wide range of optical systems. The developed tunable Fabry-Perot interferometer presented the article can be used in various fields of optotechnics. The design of the proposed tunable optical filter is a tunable Fabry-Perot interferometer based on the inverse piezoelectric effect. The optical characteristics of the filter will depend on the optical, electrical and physical characteristics of the components included in its design.
Problems of metrological support of the enterprise
Authors: Topchienko A. V. , Shaburova A. V.
Published: October 2022

At the moment, one of the main problems of metrological support is related to the restriction (termination) of supplies of imported equipment and materials for repair and operation. In turn, metrological support is one of the important steps in improving the quality of standards and measuring equipment, auxiliary devices of competitive and high-quality products. Most enterprises and large-scale industries invest heavily in providing, mastering and maintaining the necessary level of product quality. An active functional tool for creating effective technological processes at the enterprise is metrological support and is aimed at creating and improving production tasks that give a reliable assessment and control of product quality. The article discusses the problem and the possibilities of a solution, determining factors that can significantly improve the data for the development of domestic equipment and components. The purpose of the work is to study measuring instruments of domestic production and import substitution of equipment at the enterprise by Russian analogues.
The problem of estimating the value of personal data
Authors: Usoltseva E. P. , Shaburova A. V.
Published: October 2022

Personal data protection (hereinafter referred to as PD) is not an easy task, especially if you do not understand their cost. The purpose of the article is to show the importance of PD protection by assessing their value. When analyzing a number of sources, no single generally accepted method of estimating the cost of PD was found. To achieve the research goal, during the analysis of the literature, various methods of estimating the cost of PD from different points of view were considered. The following methods were identified: the method of estimating PD as part of the gross domestic product of the country; market prices for data; prices on the black market; evaluation of the value of data on DAMA-DMBOK2; assessment of the risks of violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of PD. As a result, it was concluded that it is necessary to develop such a model for estimating the value of PD in order to show the importance of their protection more clearly.
Creation of 3d model of the object for real estate cadastre purposes
Authors: Hertek S. G. , Tatarenko V. I.
Published: October 2022

This article describes the effects of waste on the environment, the problem of environmental pollution by landfills, the amount of waste is growing every year, solid municipal waste. Under the influence of atmospheric air, water and biota, various biochemical and chemical processes occur in these soils, which emit heat and form biogas and filtrates. The need to monitor the state and pollution of the atmosphere. Sampling and analysis of filtrate, groundwater pollution, waste recycling. The results of the monitoring are used to evaluate and analyze the effectiveness of measures aimed at reducing the negative impact of waste disposal facilities on the environment, education standards, waste disposal limits. The need for container sites, the separation of garbage by types and groups, the environmental benefits of operating sites, waste recycling and recycling companies are described, the result will be a reduction in environmental pollution, the production of secondary raw materials.
Information security policy in the organization
Authors: Yazovski A. M. , Shaburova A. V. , Gavrilenko N. L.
Published: October 2022

This article discusses the problem of ensuring the information security of many organizations associated with the developed and current information security policies in these organizations. The relevance of the work is due to the presence of gaps, vulnerabilities and flaws in ensuring the security of information of the STS Logistics organization, which increases the risk of unauthorized access to the company's information resources and the disclosure of personal data of employees. The purpose of the work is to identify shortcomings in ensuring the security of information in the organization under consideration from the existing information security policy, by developing a threat model and analyzing the current information security policy. Based on the work done, identify threats that create prerequisites, the possibility of leakage of protected information and develop recommendations for improving the information security policy to eliminate them. The ongoing research consists in building a model of information security threats and in analyzing the information security policy that exists in a given organization.
Issues of formation of the organizational and functional structure of the information security management system of a significant object of critical information infrastructure
Authors: Doroshenk I. E. , Maksudov M. O. , Selifanov V. V.
Published: October 2022

In the era of avalanche-like development of information technologies and their instant introduction into all spheres of human life, the issue of ensuring the security of these systems is acute. For organizations whose assets are scattered throughout the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as abroad, there is an urgent need to ensure effective information security management, in view of the large number of information assets, as well as means of protection, often inconsistent or poorly coordinated with each other. To solve this task, within the framework of this work, a model was developed for the implementation of the organizational and functional structure of the information security management system for significant CII facilities. This model is not the final point, it is necessary to work on the development of several possible options for building the system, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of the results obtained.
Optical-kinematic scheme of a binocular periscope device
Authors: Zyryanov A. S. , Ushakov O. K.
Published: October 2022

Modern optical devices play an important role in the national economy. The scope of application of optical devices is expanding. The requirements for accuracy, speed, informativeness and reliability of work are gradually increasing. This complicates the design of devices, increases the requirements for manufacturing technology, especially for assembly and alignment. To solve these problems, it is of great importance to study the basics of the alignment of individual optical nodes and devices as a whole. The possibility and ease of adjustment of an optical device is one of the most important criteria for the manufacturability of the device design. In this article, the principal optical-kinematic scheme of a binocular periscope device used for orientation on the terrain, target recognition and observation is considered.
Development of a Methodology for Geoinformation Support for Geological Research of Ordovician Rocks of Gorny Altai
Authors: Ilyin D. А. , Elshina T. E. , Katsko S. Yu.
Published: October 2022

The relevance of the topic is determined by the fact that many rocks of the Ordovician age have been found in the Altai Mountains, which may be of interest to scientists studying the geology and paleontology of this period. The problem is connected that at the moment there are no maps with outcrops of Ordovician rocks in the public domain, there are only diagrams and schematic maps without a coordinate reference. The aim of the work is to develop a methodology for geoinformation support for geological research of Gorny Altai. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: geological survey and mapping of the territory of Gorny Altai; study of geological sections of the Ordovician age with consideration of their lithological specificity and taxonomic composition of faunal groups; prepare a multiscale cartographic framework. In the future, it is planned to create a geoportal that will display outcrops of Ordovician rocks and contain information on lithology and taxonomic composition.
Principles of development of panoramic optical systems for unmanned vehicles
Authors: Kaisin P. A. , Efremov V. S.
Published: October 2022

The relevance of the development of modern panoramic view optical systems for unmanned vehicles has been discussed. Examples of the main modern systems installed on unmanned vehicles were given. The advantages and disadvantages of various types of panoramic view systems were considered. The basic principles and approaches to the development of modern panoramic view lenses were determined. An approach of the development of panoramic vision systems for unmanned vehicles, which allows solving the main disadvantages of modern optical systems, was proposed.
Improving video conference security in education
Authors: Kizin V. S. , Novikov S. N.
Published: October 2022

In article, which aims to apply communication network security to improve the transmission quality of an educational video conference, an adaptive resource allocation algorithm is used to optimize the transmission quality over the network. The application of the protocol to improve the transmission quality of a video conference can increase the transmission speed, reduce the bit error rate. The algorithm minimizes latency using ant colony optimization and clustering, which ultimately achieves the goal of reducing power consumption and improving security. In order to improve system performance, the problem of power distribution must be taken into account when improving the transmission quality of an educational video conference. By analyzing the adaptive resource allocation mechanism applicable to network security while improving the transmission quality of an educational video conference, conditions were created for optimizing resource allocation.
Optimization of the work of the metrological service of the organization within the metrological support of production
Authors: Bazaka A. A. , Vikhareva N. A.
Published: October 2022

The article deals with the problem of metrological support in civil aviation, due to forced cost reductions for the verification of measuring instruments in third-party organizations. In order to optimize the work of the metrological service, the question arose of expanding accreditation in additional areas, which will contribute to reducing operating costs, labor and time resources.
Efficient 0/1-Multiple-Knapsack Problem Solving by Hybrid DP Transformation and Robust Unbiased Filtering
Authors: Buayen Patcharin , Werapun Jeeraporn
Published: October 2022

The multiple knapsack problem (0/1-mKP) is a valuable NP-hard problem involved in many science-and-engineering applications. In current research, there exist two main approaches: 1. the exact algorithms for the optimal solutions (i.e., branch-and-bound, dynamic programming (DP), etc.) and 2. the approximate algorithms in polynomial time (i.e., Genetic algorithm, swarm optimization, etc.). In the past, the exact-DP could find the optimal solutions of the 0/1-KP (one knapsack, n objects) in O(nC). For large n and massive C, the unbiased filtering was incorporated with the exact-DP to solve the 0/1-KP in O(n + C′) with 95% optimal solutions. For the complex 0/1-mKP (m knapsacks) in this study, we propose a novel research track with hybrid integration of DP-transformation (DPT), exact-fit (best) knapsack order (m!-to-m2 reduction), and robust unbiased filtering. First, the efficient DPT algorithm is proposed to find the optimal solutions for each knapsack in O([n2,nC]). Next, all knapsacks are fulfilled by the exact-fit (best) knapsack order in O(m2[n2,nC]) over O(m![n2,nC]) while retaining at least 99% optimal solutions as m! orders. Finally, robust unbiased filtering is incorporated to solve the 0/1-mKP in O(m2n). In experiments, our efficient 0/1-mKP reduction confirmed 99% optimal solutions on random and benchmark datasets (n δ 10,000, m δ 100).
Comparing Approaches for Explaining DNN-Based Facial Expression Classifications
Authors: ter Burg Kaya , Kaya Heysem
Published: October 2022

Classifying facial expressions is a vital part of developing systems capable of aptly interacting with users. In this field, the use of deep-learning models has become the standard. However, the inner workings of these models are unintelligible, which is an important issue when deploying them to high-stakes environments. Recent efforts to generate explanations for emotion classification systems have been focused on this type of models. In this work, an alternative way of explaining the decisions of a more conventional model based on geometric features is presented. We develop a geometric-features-based deep neural network (DNN) and a convolutional neural network (CNN). Ensuring a sufficient level of predictive accuracy, we analyze explainability using both objective quantitative criteria and a user study. Results indicate that the fidelity and accuracy scores of the explanations approximate the DNN well. From the performed user study, it becomes clear that the explanations increase the understanding of the DNN and that they are preferred over the explanations for the CNN, which are more commonly used. All scripts used in the study are publicly available.
A Static Assignment Algorithm of Uniform Jobs to Workers in a User-PC Computing System Using Simultaneous Linear Equations
Authors: Zhou Xudong , Funabiki Nobuo , Htet Hein , Kamoyedji Ariel , Anggraini Irin Tri , Huo Yuanzhi , Syaifudin Yan Watequlis
Published: October 2022

Currently, the User-PC computingsystem (UPC) has been studied as a low-cost and high-performance distributed computing platform. It uses idling resources of personal computers (PCs) in a group. The job-worker assignment for minimizing makespan is critical to determine the performance of the UPC system. Some applications need to execute a lot of uniform jobs that use the identical program but with slightly different data, where they take the similar CPU time on a PC. Then, the total CPU time of a worker is almost linear to the number of assigned jobs. In this paper, we propose a static assignment algorithm of uniform jobs to workers in the UPC system, using simultaneous linear equations to find the lower bound on makespan, where every worker requires the same CPU time to complete the assigned jobs. For the evaluations of the proposal, we consider the uniform jobs in three applications. In OpenPose, the CNN-based keypoint estimation program runs with various images of human bodies. In OpenFOAM, the physics simulation program runs with various parameter sets. In code testing, two open-source programs run with various source codes from students for the Android programming learning assistance system (APLAS). Using the proposal, we assigned the jobs to six workers in the testbed UPC system and measured the CPU time. The results show that makespan was reduced by 10% on average, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposal.
A New Positioning Strategy Based on Parameter Tuning and Optimal Control Technique for Pneumatic Control Valve
Authors: Zhang Bo , Jiang Aipeng , Jiang Jiaji , Qi Yanying , Xue Li , Wang Yan
Published: October 2022

To improve the accuracy, rapidity, and versatility of pneumatic control valves, mechanism modeling, and optimization analysis on pneumatic actuators were carried out, and then a new positioning strategy based on parameter tuning and optimal control technique was proposed consequently. Firstly, a dynamic model of valve position based on optimal control under constraint conditions was established, and the characteristic parameters of valve position motion were determined. Then, the adaptive processing of switching points was introduced into the optimal control strategy to improve the versatility of the control. Finally, according to different control strategy partitions, the interactive control of the piezoelectric air switch by fully open control and PWM improves the control accuracy of the algorithm. The experimental analysis of the control effect with other brand positioners shows that the proposed control strategy shortens the system adjustment time, improves the accuracy of valve position, and avoids the overshoot.
Design and Analysis of a Lower Limb Loadbearing Exoskeleton
Authors: Su Qiying , Pei Zhongcai , Tang Zhiyong , Liang Quan
Published: October 2022

In recent years, the lower limb exoskeleton has been more and more widely used in military, medical and other fields. In this paper, the muscle–bone model of the lower limb during the human walking process is analyzed, and a lower limb exoskeleton with the purpose of loadbearing is designed. The exoskeleton is driven by four hydraulic cylinders to the hip and knee joints whose design load is 50 kg. The kinematic and dynamic model of the exoskeleton designed in this paper is established and analyzed, and it is simulated. Finally, the experiments were carried out on the exoskeleton test platform to verify that the stability, bearing capacity, tracking effect and durability of the exoskeleton can meet the requirements.
Loneliness in Leadership: A Study Applied to the Portuguese Banking Sector
Authors: Magalhães Carla Marisa , Machado Carolina Feliciana , Nunes Célia Pinto
Published: October 2022

In this study, we analyzed the feeling of loneliness in leadership in the Portuguese banking sector, seeking to identify variables that may instigate this feeling, such as gender, age, academic qualifications, function/position, number of working hours per week, and years of work/seniority, and the consequences that it may have, namely in terms of the decision-making process and the motivation of leaders. For this study, a quantitative research tool was used in the form of a questionnaire, which was applied to a group of collaborators, with leadership responsibilities, of the financial institutions authorized to operate in Portugal. We concluded that while some variables influence the feeling of loneliness in leadership (years of work, position, and academic qualifications), others do not (gender, age, and hours of work per week). We also found a relationship between loneliness and demotivation and proved that the feeling of loneliness affects leadership but does not affect decision making. The results are relevant, especially for the banking sector, which has undergone major restructuring in the Portuguese economy and needs guidance to face the country’s financial challenges.
Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Ducted Fan Hovering and Transition in Ground Effect
Authors: Zhao Yanxiong , Tian Yun , Wan Zhiqiang
Published: October 2022

Ducted fans installed on vertical takeoff and landing vehicles experience significant ground effect during takeoff and landing. The aerodynamic characteristics of a ducted fan hovering and transitioning in the ground effect are studied using numerical simulations in this paper. The flowfields are obtained by solving Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes equations with the Multiple Reference Frame approach. When a ducted fan hovers in the ground effect, the blade thrust increases due to the combined effect of the increase in the effective angle of attack of the blade and the increase in ambient pressure; the duct thrust decreases due to the combined effect of the decrease in the effective angle of attack of the duct and the increase in ambient pressure. Stall occurs at a certain advance ratio and angle of attack when transitioning in the ground effect. The ground effect delays the occurrence of stall at some advance ratios. The ground effect is hardly detectable at angles of attack less than 30° even if the height drops to 0.5 times the duct exit diameter. At this height and high angles of attack, the different positions and influence regions of the ground vortex at different advance ratios contribute to the different variation trends in the ducted fan performance.
Threat-Oriented Collaborative Path Planning of Unmanned Reconnaissance Mission for the Target Group
Authors: Chen Qihong , Zhao Qingsong , Zou Zhigang
Published: October 2022

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) cluster combat is a typical example of an intelligent cluster application, and it is characterized by its large scale, low cost, retrievability, and intra-cluster autonomous coordination. An unmanned reconnaissance mission for a target group (URMFTG) is a significant pattern in UAV cluster combat. This paper discusses the collaborative path planning problem of unmanned aerial vehicle formations (UAVFs) and refueling tankers in a URMFTG with threat areas and fuel constraints. The purpose of collaborative path planning is to ensure that the UAVFs (with fuel constraints) can complete the reconnaissance mission for the target group with the assistance of refueling tankers, which is one of the most important constraints in the collaborative path planning. In this paper, a collaborative path-planning model is designed to analyze the relationship between the planning path of the UAVFs and the tankers, and a threat avoidance strategy is designed considering the threat area. This paper proposes a two-stage solution algorithm. It creates a UAVFs path-planning algorithm based on the fast search genetic algorithm (FSGA) and a refueling tanker path-planning algorithm based on the improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). Based on simulation experiments, the solution method proposed in this paper can provide a better path-planning scheme for a URMFTG. That is, it decreases the rate of the UAVF’s distance growth from 3.1% to 2.2% for the path planning of UAVFs and provides a better Pareto solution set for the path planning of refueling tankers.
Effect of Hot Streak on Aerothermal Performance of High Pressure Turbine Guide Vane under Different Swirl Intensities
Authors: Zhang Shenghui , Ding Shuiting , Liu Peng , Qiu Tian
Published: October 2022

In advanced civil aero-engine, the gas exiting combustor typically features hot streak (HS) and swirl that affect the aerothermal performances of the high pressure (HP) nozzle guide vane (NGV). The purpose of this paper is to study the influences of HS on HP NGV aerothermal behaviors under swirl with various intensities. The numerical investigations were conducted on the first NGV of GE-E3 HP turbine. Four swirl intensities (|SN| = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75) and two swirl orientations (positive and negative) were considered. The result indicates that the relative strengths between the swirl and its induced radial pressure gradient dominate the flow patterns on vane surfaces. Thus, the diverse streamlines distributions appear on the surfaces and the dominated factor on each surface does not vary with swirl intensity. The swirl redistributes the cold and hot fluid and thus generates the relatively hot oblique strip and cold region at the upstream of vane. The heat load on the vane that is not directly impinged by HS is dictated by the radial migration of the fluids originating from the regions aforementioned at |SN| = 0.25 and 0.50. However, at |SN| = 0.75, the transverse movement of HS due to the intense swirl causes additional thermal load. The heat load on the vane that faces HS is mainly determined by the radial migration of HS. The swirl alters the heat transfer distribution on vane surfaces remarkably. With positive swirl, the heat transfer coefficients at the lower span of suction side and pressure side are enhanced and weakened respectively. As expected, the opposite trends are observed in the negative swirl case. Swirl also affects boundary layer transition, and then affecting heat transfer. Positive and negative swirls both advance the transition on the suction side of vane directly impinged by the swirl, and with the increase of swirl intensity, transition onset shifts toward upstream.
Biochar a Promising Strategy for Pesticide-Contaminated Soils
Authors: Cara Irina Gabriela , Țopa Denis , Puiu Ioan , Jităreanu Gerard
Published: October 2022

Soil pesticide contamination induced by modern agriculture has become a serious global issue. Its uncontrolled and inefficient application is among the main reasons for their enrichment in plants and animals subsequently transferred to humans and providing a public health risk. Biochar as a renewable and economical carbonaceous material provides a natural solution for immobilizing pesticides and improving soil health. The biochar impact in agricultural contaminated soil is governed by various factors such as the physico-chemical properties of biochar, pyrolysis, soil conditions, and the application method, which can lead to significant gaps in the removal or mitigation of toxic substances. The current study summarizes the negative effects of pesticide use and the advantages of biochar according to other remediation techniques, succeeded by the mechanism and controlling factors on minimizing pesticide leaching and bioavailability in soil. In addition, the role of biochar on fundamental processes of adsorption, desorption, biodegradation, and leaching is discussed. Ultimately, the major future research regulation and key strategies that are fundamental for pesticide-contaminated soil remediation are proposed.
Study on the Detection of Defoliation Effect of an Improved YOLOv5x Cotton
Authors: Wang Xingwang , Wang Xufeng , Hu Can , Dai Fei , Xing Jianfei , Wang Enyuan , Du Zhenhao , Wang Long , Guo Wensong
Published: October 2022

In order to study the detection effect of cotton boll opening after spraying defoliant, and to solve the problem of low efficiency of traditional manual detection methods for the use effect of cotton defoliant, this study proposed a cotton detection method improved YOLOv5x+ algorithm. Convolution Attention Module (CBAM) was embedded after Conv to enhance the network’s feature extraction ability, suppress background information interference, and enable the network to focus better on cotton targets in the detection process. At the same time, the depth separable convolution (DWConv) was used to replace the ordinary convolution (Conv) in the YOLOv5x model, reducing the convolution kernel parameters in the algorithm, reducing the amount of calculation, and improving the detection speed of the algorithm. Finally, the detection layer was added to make the algorithm have higher accuracy in detecting small size cotton. The test results show that the accuracy rate P (%), recall rate R (%), and mAP value (%) of the improved algorithm reach 90.95, 89.16, and 78.47 respectively, which are 8.58, 8.84, and 5.15 higher than YOLOv5x algorithm respectively, and the convergence speed is faster, the error is smaller, and the resolution of cotton background and small target cotton is improved, which can meet the detection of cotton boll opening effect after spraying defoliant.
Identification of Candidate Genes for Salt Tolerance at the Germination Stage in Japonica Rice by Genome-Wide Association Analysis
Authors: Duan Yuxuan , Zheng Hongliang , Wen Haoran , Qu Di , Cui Jingnan , Li Chong , Wang Jingguo , Liu Hualong , Yang Luomiao , Jia Yan , Xin Wei , Li Shuangshuang , Zou Detang
Published: October 2022

Rice salt tolerance at the germination stage directly affects the germination rate and seedling establishment of rice directly seeded in saline soils, which in turn affects yield. In this study, we determined the relative germination potential (RGP) and relative germination index (RGI) under 200 mM salt stress and control conditions using 295 japonica rice accessions. Statistical analysis showed extensive phenotypic variations under salt stress conditions. Twenty-one varieties with an RGP ≥ 80% and an RGI ≥ 80% were screened. Based on genotypic data including, 788,396 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 40 quantitative trait loci (QTL) were localized on rice chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12, which were shown to be significantly associated with rice salt tolerance at the germination stage, including 20 for RGP and 20 for RGI, using genome-wide association analysis. Six QTL with ≥ 3 consecutive significant SNP loci and localized in the same LD interval were selected for further analysis. Four rice genes (LOC_Os01g04920, LOC_Os10g38350, LOC_Os10g38470, and LOC_Os10g38489) were selected as important candidates for salt tolerance based on haplotype analysis and functional annotation. The findings could facilitate the development of valuable rice varieties for direct seeding in salinized soil and improve japonica rice salt tolerance at the germination stage through molecular breeding.
Analysis of Soil Moisture, Temperature, and Salinity in Cotton Field under Non-Mulched Drip Irrigation in South Xinjiang
Authors: Wang Hongbo , Cao Hui , Jiang Fuchang , Wang Xingpeng , Gao Yang
Published: October 2022

The mulch film residues in cotton fields in south Xinjiang have caused serious harm to the soil environment and ecological security in the oasis areas. Non-mulched planting provides an alternative approach to this problem. In this experiment, irrigation was provided on the basis of the reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0). Two layouts of drip tapes (1T4R—one tape for four rows; 2T4R—two tapes for four rows) were applied to the non-mulched, drip-irrigated cotton fields in south Xinjiang, and their impacts on soil water–heat–salt dynamic changes and the water consumption and yield of cotton were compared and analyzed. The experiment shows that the 2T4R layout provided an excellent soil water–salt environment for cotton growth and yield formation. Soil temperature decreased by 0.8 °C and drip irrigation belt input increased by CNY1200·hm−2. However, a higher profit derived from the 2T4R layout could compensate for the increased expenditure. The results show that cotton cultivation using non-mulched drip irrigation instead of mulched drip irrigation can potentially alleviate soil environmental and ecological security problems caused by plastic mulch residues in oasis areas. Although cotton yield was reduced by about 15%, water and nitrogen strategies and other field management could be adjusted to compensate for the disadvantages.
Tea Sprout Picking Point Identification Based on Improved DeepLabV3+
Authors: Yan Chunyu , Chen Zhonghui , Li Zhilin , Liu Ruixin , Li Yuxin , Xiao Hui , Lu Ping , Xie Benliang
Published: October 2022

Tea sprout segmentation and picking point localization via machine vision are the core technologies of automatic tea picking. This study proposes a method of tea segmentation and picking point location based on a lightweight convolutional neural network named MC-DM (Multi-Class DeepLabV3+ MobileNetV2 (Mobile Networks Vision 2)) to solve the problem of tea shoot picking point in a natural environment. In the MC-DM architecture, an optimized MobileNetV2 is used to reduce the number of parameters and calculations. Then, the densely connected atrous spatial pyramid pooling module is introduced into the MC-DM to obtain denser pixel sampling and a larger receptive field. Finally, an image dataset of high-quality tea sprout picking points is established to train and test the MC-DM network. Experimental results show that the MIoU of MC-DM reached 91.85%, which is improved by 8.35% compared with those of several state-of-the-art methods. The optimal improvements of model parameters and detection speed were 89.19% and 16.05 f/s, respectively. After the segmentation results of the MC-DM were applied to the picking point identification, the accuracy of picking point identification reached 82.52%, 90.07%, and 84.78% for single bud, one bud with one leaf, and one bud with two leaves, respectively. This research provides a theoretical reference for fast segmentation and visual localization of automatically picked tea sprouts.
Optimization Design and Simulation Experiment of a Press Roller Based on a Lemniscate-Shaped Curve in Rice–Wheat Rotation Region of China
Authors: Liu Hongjun , Zhang Wenyi
Published: October 2022

In order to solve the problems of high forward-resistance and serious soil adhesion in a rice–wheat rotation area, the smooth press roller of a wheat planter in a rice–wheat rotation area was selected as the research object. The low resistance and the adhesion structure of the press roller on a lemniscate-shaped curve were considered, and the geometric design method was adopted to modify the geometric structure of the smooth press roller. A simulation model of the roller–soil interaction was designed using the EDEM2020 software (DEM Solutions Ltd., Edinburgh, Scotland, UK), to investigate the behavior of soil adhering to the surface of the press roller, as well as the effects of the structure and the working parameters on soil adhesion and forward resistance. In addition, the numerical simulation method was combined with the central-plane composite response test scheme to perform the simulation test, using Design-Expert 10.0.4 software (Stat-Ease Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA). In this test, the forward speed, the axial spacing, and the bulge height were taken as the test factors. On this basis, the working performance of the lemniscate curve type of the press roller was evaluated by establishing a response surface for soil adhesion and forward resistance. With the reduction in soil adhesion and the working resistance as constraints, the optimization was carried out under the condition of a forward speed of 7 km/h. Under a forward speed of 7 km/h, an axial spacing of 40.7–46.8 mm, and a bulge height of 9.3–11.5 mm, the soil adhesion was less than 70 g and the forward resistance was less than 50 N, meaning that the working performance of the lemniscate curve type of the press roller meets the requirements for actual production. In short, this research provides a new idea and reference for the application of a press roller in a rice–wheat rotation area.