bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dimensionality of Early Writing in English and Spanish
Authors: Salas Naymé , Caravolas Markéta
Published: July 2019

Writing development is understood to be a multidimensional task, heavily constrained by spelling in its early stages. However, most available evidence comes from studies with learners of the inconsistent English orthography, so our understanding of the nature of early writing could be highly biased. We explored writing dimensions in each language by assessing a series of text-based features in children’s texts between mid-Grade 1 to mid-Grade 2. Results revealed that two constructs, writing conventions and productivity, emerged in both languages, but the influence of orthographic consistency started to be evident in the later time points. Other constructs of text generation seemed to emerge later and were less stable over time. The article thus highlights the language-general underpinnings of early text-writing development and the impact of orthographic consistency; furthermore, it strengthens the view that some writing components develop before others. We discuss implications for the assessment of early written products.
Evolving Structure of Descriptive Texts and Learners’ Abilities
Authors: Tolchinsky Liliana
Published: July 2019

Learning to compose texts adequate for different purposes is crucial for becoming literate. We examined developmental changes in the rhetorical structure of written texts produced by Spanish children throughout the early years of elementary school in the light of descriptive writing purposes. Children had also performed tasks to test transcription, reading, cognitive skills, oral vocabulary, and discourse structure. Cross-sectional and longitudinal results show that the structure of the texts evolves from describing qualities to building a descriptive schema in which the described entity is introduced, qualities are justified, and a generalization is drawn from previously provided details. The ability to produce a self-sustained discourse, the ability to handle meaning relation among words, and a good working memory explained differences at a base level, whereas a higher command of spelling explained developmental changes in the structure of the text.
Club Convergence among the Major Indian States During 1982–2014: Does Investment in Human Capital Matter?
Authors: Hembram Sulekha , Maji Souparna , Haldar Sushil Kr.
Published: July 2019

The objective of this study is to investigate the presence of ‘club convergence’ in respect of income among 15 major states in India during 1982–2014 using Markov chain along with stochastic kernel. The distributional dynamics observed among the major states support the process of ‘club convergence’. The empirical findings prove the hypotheses that economies that are similar in their structural characteristics and initial per capita income levels will converge with each other in per capita terms in the long run. The present study empirically re-establishes the hypotheses of ‘low-level equilibrium trap’ caused by low human capital investment.

JEL: C14, H51, H52, O49, O53
MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry-based quantification of C-peptide in diabetes patients
Authors: Wan MeiHua , Wang Yichao , Zhan Lingpeng , Fan Jia , Hu Tony Y
Published: July 2019

Background

Serum C-peptide concentrations reflect insulin secretion and beta cell function and can be used to diagnose and distinguish type-1 and type-2 diabetes. C-peptide is a more accurate indicator of insulin status than direct insulin measurement for monitoring patients with diabetes. However, the current methods available for C-peptide quantification exhibit poor reproducibility, are costly, and require highly trained laboratory personnel. Here, we have developed and evaluated a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)-based assay to standardize C-peptide measurements, providing highly accurate and comparable results across testing systems and laboratories.

Methods

C-peptide from human serum was enriched using antibody-conjugated magnetic beads. The eluted isolates were further modified with 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC) to enhance the ionization of naturally acidic C-peptide. After desalting with ZipTips, the samples were subjected to MALDI-TOF MS analysis. Recombinant human C-peptide was used to develop the assay, and a heavy isotope labeled human C-peptide was used as an internal standard for quantification.

Results

The MALDI-TOF MS method was validated in accordance with the restrictions of the device, with a limit of quantitation of 25 pmol/L. A correlation between the MAL-DI-TOF MS assay and a reference method was conducted using patient samples. The resulting regression revealed good agreement.

Conclusions

A simple, high-throughput, cost effective and quantitative MALDI-TOF MS C-peptide assay has been successfully developed and validated in clinical serum samples.
Who Gains More? The Relationship Between Parenthood and Well-Being
Authors: Yu Quanlei , Zhang Jie , Zhang Lin , Zhang Qiuying , Guo Yafei , Jin Shenghua , Chen Jianwen
Published: July 2019

Two studies were conducted to explore the effect of parental sex on well-being due to parenthood. Study 1 analyzed the sixth wave of the World Values Survey data. The results indicated that parents were happier than their respective childless peers. However, the effect of motherhood was significantly higher than that of fatherhood. Furthermore, Study 2 analyzed the data from 354 single-child parents in China. The results showed that perceived parent–child facial resemblance moderated the sex difference in well-being. Specifically, in the high parent–child facial resemblance group, both fathers and mothers showed high levels of well-being; however, in the low parent–child facial resemblance group, the well-being level of mothers was higher than fathers. These results supported the renovated pyramid of needs and the hypothesis of paternal uncertainty.
Optimal design of nose and tail of an autonomous underwater vehicle hull to reduce drag force using numerical simulation
Authors: Saghafi Mohammad , Lavimi Roham
Published: July 2019

In this research, the flow around the autonomous underwater vehicles with symmetrical bodies is numerically investigated. Increasing the drag force in autonomous underwater vehicles increases the energy consumption and decreases the duration of underwater exploration and operations. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to decrease drag force with the change in geometry to reduce energy consumption. In this study, the decreasing or increasing trends of the drag force of axisymmetric bare hulls have been studied by making alterations in the curve equations and creating the optimal geometric shapes in terms of hydrodynamics for the noses and tails of autonomous underwater vehicles. The incompressible, three-dimensional, and steady Navier–Stokes equations have been used to simulate the flow. Also, k-ε Realizable with enhanced wall treatment was used for turbulence modeling. Validation results were acceptable with respect to the 3.6% and 1.4% difference with numerical and experimental results. The results showed that all the autonomous underwater vehicle hulls designed in this study, at an attack angle of 0°, had a lower drag force than the autonomous underwater vehicle hull used for validation except geometry no. 1. In addition, nose no. 3 has been selected as the best nose according to the lowest value of stagnation pressure, and also tail no. 3 has been chosen as the best tail due to the production of the lowest vortex. Therefore, geometry no. 5 has been designed using nose and tail no. 3. The comparison made here showed that the maximum drag reduction in geometry no. 5 was equal to 26%, and therefore, it has been selected as the best bare hull in terms of hydrodynamics.
Changes in Volume and Density Parameters Measured on Computed Tomography Images Following Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy of Nonspine Bone Metastases
Authors: Finkelstein Samuel , Raman Srinivas , Van Der Velden Joanne , Zhang Liying , Tan Carolyn , Dhillon Amanpreet , Tonolete Frances , Chiu Nicholas , Probyn Linda , McDonald Rachel , Sahgal Arjun , Chow Edward , Chin Lee
Published: July 2019

Introduction:

Volumetric and density parameters measured from computed tomography scans were investigated for evaluating treatment response of nonspine bone lesions following stereotactic body radiation therapy.

Methods:

Twenty-three patients treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy to nonspine bone metastases with pre- and post-treatment radiological follow-up with computed tomography imaging were identified in a retrospective review. An expert radiologist classified 26 lesions by type (lytic, sclerotic) and by response. Two independent radiation oncologists created separate contours of the bone and soft tissue lesion volumes. Density and volume were assessed relative to baseline values.

Results:

For bone-only lesions, all lesions designated as local control decreased in volume or remained within 20% of baseline volumes. Lytic lesions classified as progressive disease exhibited much larger volume increases. Lytic bone lesions showed indications of remineralization with some exhibiting immediate increases in density (1-6 months) and others decreasing initially then increasing back toward baseline between 7 and 12 months. The majority of sclerotic lesions, all classified as local control, decreased slightly in both volume and density. Lesions with both soft tissue and boney involvement resulted in contradictory results when employing both radiological and size parameters for assessing treatment response. Classification was dominated by changes in soft tissue volume, despite associated volume or density changes in the corresponding boney lesion. In contrast, when soft tissue volume changes were minimal (<20% increase), classification appeared to be related primarily to density changes and not bone volume.

Conclusions:

Volume and density changes show promise as quantitative parameters for classifying treatment responses of nonspine osseous lesions. Further work is required for clarifying how these metrics can be applied to lesions with both boney and soft tissue components.
Compressed sensing for electrocardiogram acquisition in wireless body sensor network: A comparative analysis
Authors: Chen Junxin , Xing Jiazhu , Zhang Leo Yu , Qi Lin
Published: July 2019

In the past decades, compressed sensing emerges as a promising technique for signal acquisition in low-cost sensor networks. For prolonging the monitoring duration of biosignals, compressed sensing is also exploited for simultaneous sampling and compression of electrocardiogram signals in the wireless body sensor network. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of compressed sensing for electrocardiogram acquisition. The performances of involved important factors, such as wavelet basis, overcomplete dictionaries, and the reconstruction algorithms, are comparatively illustrated, with the purpose to give data reference for practical applications. Drawn from a bulk of comparative experiments, the potential of compressed sensing in electrocardiogram acquisition is evaluated in different compression levels, while preferred sparsifying basis and reconstruction algorithm are also suggested. Relative perspectives and discussions are also given.
The preemptive analgesia of pre-electroacupuncture in rats with formalin-induced acute inflammatory pain
Authors: Liu Qing , Liu Yan , Bian Jiang , Li Qun , Zhang Ying
Published: July 2019

Background

Electroacupuncture has been elicited to effectively alleviate the pain sensation. Preemptive analgesic effect of pre-electroacupuncture has also been suggested in recent studies, while the underlying analgesic mechanism of pre-electroacupuncture requires further investigation. This study aimed to explore the preemptive analgesia of pre-electroacupuncture in formalin-induced acute inflammatory pain model.

Methods

Forty rats were randomly divided into control, model, pre-electroacupuncture, and post-electroacupuncture group. Inflammatory pain model was induced via injecting 50 µl 5% formalin into the plantar surface of right hind paw, while the equal volume of saline injection in the control group. Rats in the pre-electroacupuncture group were treated with electroacupuncture at ipsilateral Zusanli (ST36) and Weizhong (BL40) acupoints (2 Hz, 1 mA) for 30 min before formalin injection, while received the same electroacupuncture treatment immediately after formalin injection in the post-electroacupuncture group. Flinching number and licking time were recorded during 60 min after formalin injection. Immunofluorescence and Western blot were used to detect the expression of ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) and c-fos in spinal cord. Moreover, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to measure the secretion of IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-4, substance P, and calcitonin gene-related peptide in spinal cord.

Results

Paw flinching and licking were obviously induced by formalin injection. Iba1, c-fos, proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IFN-γ), and pain neurotransmitters (substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide) were dramatically increased in the L4-5 spinal cord after formalin injection, while anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 was decreased. Pre-electroacupuncture and post-electroacupuncture administration significantly attenuated formalin-induced nociceptive effects, spinal microglia and neurons activation, proinflammatory cytokines and pain neurotransmitters upregulation, and upregulated the anti-inflammatory cytokine. Furthermore, these effects of pre-electroacupuncture were more significant than that of post-electroacupuncture.

Conclusions

This study illustrates the potential therapeutic effect of pre-electroacupuncture against acute inflammatory pain and reveals the mechanism underlying pre-electroacupuncture mediated analgesia, thus providing a novel preemptive analgesic treatment.
Inverse Gaussian–based model with measurement errors for degradation analysis
Authors: Chen Xudan , Ji Guoxun , Sun Xinli , Li Zhen
Published: July 2019

To build more credible degradation models, it is necessary to consider measurement errors in degradation analysis. This article proposes an inverse Gaussian-based state space model with measurement errors that can capture the unit-to-unit variability of the degradation rate by incorporating a random effect. Then, the lifetime distribution and alarm probabilities are derived. Under the non-Gaussian assumptions, conventional parameter estimation algorithms cannot be applied directly. Therefore, an improved expectation–maximization algorithm that is combined with particle methods is developed to estimate parameters. Finally, this article concludes with a simulation study and two case applications to demonstrate the applicability and advantages of the proposed model.
Impact of a tobacco cessation intervention on adherence to tobacco use treatment guidelines among village health workers in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Nam , Nguyen Trang , Truong Van , Dang Kim , Siman Nina , Shelley Donna
Published: July 2019

Community health workers (in Vietnam referred to as village health workers) have the potential to play a key role in expanding access to evidence-based tobacco use treatment. We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial in community health centers in Vietnam that compared the effect of provider advice and cessation assistance (i.e. brief counseling and patient education materials) (BC) vs. BC + three sessions of in-person counseling delivered by a village health worker (BC+R) on providers’ and village health workers’ adherence to tobacco use treatment guidelines. All village health workers and health care providers received training. This paper presents data on the effect of the intervention on village health workers’ adherence to tobacco use treatment guidelines, including asking about tobacco use, advising smokers to quit, offering assistance and their attitude, norms, and self-efficacy related to tobacco use treatment. We examined changes in adherence to tobacco use treatment guidelines before and 12 months after the intervention among 89 village health workers working in the 13 community health centers enrolled in the BC+R study condition. Village health workers’ adherence to tobacco use treatment guidelines increased significantly. Village health workers were more likely to ask about tobacco use (3.4% at baseline, 32.6% at 12 months), offer advice to quit (4.5% to 48.3%) and offer assistance (1.1% to 38.2%). Perceived barriers to treating tobacco use decreased significantly. Self-efficacy and attitudes towards treating tobacco use improved significantly. Increased adherence to tobacco use treatment guidelines was associated with positive attitudes towards their role in delivering tobacco use treatment and increasing awareness of the community health center smoke-free policy. The findings suggest that, with training and support systems, village health workers can extend their role to include smoking cessation services. This workforce could represent a sustainable resource for supporting smokers who wish to quit.
Perceiving Natural Speed in Natural Movies
Authors: Kobayashi Mikako , Motoyoshi Isamu
Published: July 2019

The visual system uses the physical laws of nature as constraints for perceiving objects and events. Images violating natural laws would therefore tend to be perceived as unnatural. To understand vision’s implicit knowledge of natural speed in the real world, we examined visual tolerance to artificial speed deviations in 22 natural movies. For most movies, perception could tolerate deviations from original speed by as much as a factor 2×. However, for movies including human body movements or falling objects, perception only tolerated a significantly narrower range of speed deviations. In general, human observers are poor at judging the naturalness of speed in natural scenes except for events involving gravitational or biological motions.
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis infection and disease in children: a review of new and repurposed drugs
Authors: Huynh Julie , Marais Ben J.
Published: July 2019

The World Health Organization estimates that 10 million new cases of tuberculosis (TB) occurred worldwide in 2017, of which 600,000 were rifampicin or multidrug-resistant (RR/MDR) TB. Modelling estimates suggest that 32,000 new cases of MDR-TB occur in children annually, but only a fraction of these are correctly diagnosed and treated. Accurately diagnosing TB in children, who usually have paucibacillary disease, and implementing effective TB prevention and treatment programmes in resource-limited settings remain major challenges. In light of the underappreciated RR/MDR-TB burden in children, and the lack of paediatric data on newer drugs for TB prevention and treatment, we present an overview of new and repurposed TB drugs, describing the available evidence for safety and efficacy in children to assist clinical care and decision-making.
An Overlapping Case of IgG4-Related Disease and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Naramala Srikanth , Biswas Sharmi , Adapa Sreedhar , Gayam Vijay , Konala Venu Madhav , Bose Subhasish
Published: July 2019

We are reporting a case of a 63-year-old Chinese female who presented to the rheumatology clinic with positive antinuclear antibody and unintentional weight loss along with lymphadenopathy. Further workup revealed eosinophilia, elevated anti–double stranded DNA, serum protein, and serum IgG4 (immunoglobulin G4). The patient was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus. Due to the raised IgG4 level along with eosinophilia and diffuse lymphadenopathy, IgG4-related systemic disease was suspected. It was confirmed with IgG4 staining on lymph node biopsy. Our case is presenting the fact that systemic lupus erythematosus and IgG4-related disease can be present in the same patient with multiple overlapping features making accurate diagnosis challenging.
A Crisis of Representation: Interests, Identities and Politics
Authors: Verma Vidhu
Published: July 2019

The controversy over political representation of marginalised groups and the implementation of quotas or reservations for historical injustice constitutes the most salient current battlefront in the conflict over the politics of social justice. Debates about the assumptions of theories of political representation tend to focus on political institutions, and for the most part, tend to debate them within nation-states. I begin by examining the debate on group representation in the Indian context. This article suggests that there is much to be gained in understanding how representation is challenged by following the politics of disadvantaged groups involved in this debate. To overcome the limitations in these theories we need to challenge the basic categories in thinking about political representation, that is about formation of interests, participation, sites of politics, and assertions of claims for representation. The second section focuses on formation of Dalit interests and the arguments for political representation. It examines the way representations of social divisions become problematic and resisted in institutionalized practices and political discourses. The third section point to limitations in our current thinking about theories of representation and the challenges they face. I argue that differences and disagreements within marginalised groups and the potential for intra-group conflicts of interests is challenging. Since shared membership of a disadvantaged group is not sufficient to have success in political representation, we argue that group justice depends in part on the ability to overcome differences and to forge a common political strategy. I argue that representations are eventually battles for meaning in politics through which social identities are constructed in ways that support or contest systems of inclusion and exclusion.
The Western Australia Modeling project — Part 1: Geomodel building
Authors: Shragge Jeffrey , Bourget Julien , Lumley David , Giraud Jeremie , Wilson Thomas , Iqbal Afzal , Emami Niri Mohammad , Whitney Beau , Potter Toby , Miyoshi Taka , Witten Benjamin
Published: July 2019

A key goal in industry and academic seismic research is overcoming long-standing imaging, inversion, and interpretation challenges. One way to address these challenges is to develop a realistic 3D geomodel constrained by local-to-regional geologic, petrophysical, and seismic data. Such a geomodel can serve as a benchmark for numerical experiments that help users to better understand the key factors underlying — and devise novel solutions to — these exploration and development challenges. We have developed a two-part case study on the Western Australia (WA) Modeling (WAMo) project, which discusses the development and validation of a detailed large-scale geomodel of part of the Northern Carnarvon Basin (NCB) located on WA’s North West Shelf. Based on the existing regional geologic, petrophysical, and 3D seismic data, we (1) develop the 3D geomodel’s tectonostratigraphic surfaces, (2) populate the intervening volumes with representative geologic facies, lithologies, and layering as well as complex modular 3D geobodies, and (3) generate petrophysical realizations that are well-matched to borehole observations point-wise and in terms of vertical and lateral trends. The resulting 3D WAMo geomodel is geologically and petrophysically realistic, representative of short- and long-wavefield features commonly observed in the NCB, and leads to an upscaled viscoelastic model well-suited for high-resolution 3D seismic modeling studies. In the companion paper, we study WAMo seismic modeling results that demonstrate the quality of the WAMo geomodel for generating shot gathers and migration images that are highly realistic and directly comparable with those observed in NCB field data.
Health professional-delivered obesity prevention interventions during the first 1,000 days: A systematic review of external validity reporting
Authors: Hennessy Marita , Heary Caroline , Laws Rachel , Van Rhoon Luke , Toomey Elaine , Wolstenholme Hazel , Byrne Molly
Published: July 2019

Background: Childhood obesity prevention interventions delivered by health professionals during the first 1,000 days show some evidence of effectiveness, particularly in relation to behavioural outcomes. External validity refers to how generalisable interventions are to populations or settings beyond those in the original study. The degree to which external validity elements are reported in such studies is unclear however. This systematic review aimed to determine the extent to which childhood obesity interventions delivered by health professionals during the first 1,000 days report on elements that can be used to inform generalizability across settings and populations.

Methods: Eligible studies meeting study inclusion and exclusion criteria were identified through a systematic review of 11 databases and three trial registers. An assessment tool based on the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) framework was used to assess the external validity of included studies. It comprised five dimensions: reach and representativeness of individuals, reach and representativeness of settings, implementation and adaptation, outcomes for decision making maintenance and/or institutionalisation. Two authors independently assessed the external validity of 20% of included studies; discrepancies were resolved, and then one author completed assessments of the remaining studies.

Results: In total, 39 trials involving 46 interventions published between 1999 and 2019 were identified. The majority of studies were randomized controlled trials (n=24). Reporting varied within and between dimensions. External validity elements that were poorly described included: representativeness of individuals and settings, treatment receipt, intervention mechanisms and moderators, cost effectiveness, and intervention sustainability and acceptability.

Conclusions: Our review suggests that more emphasis is needed on research designs that consider generalisability, and the reporting of external validity elements in early life childhood obesity prevention interventions. Important gaps in external validity reporting were identified that could facilitate decisions around the translation and scale-up of interventions from research to practice.

Registration: PROSPERO CRD42016050793 03/11/16
Probabilistic Analysis of Rumor-Spreading Time
Authors: Mocquard Yves , Sericola Bruno , Anceaume Emmanuelle
Published: July 2019

The context of this work is the well-studied dissemination of information in large-scale distributed networks through pairwise interactions. This problem, originally called rumor mongering, and then rumor spreading, has mainly been investigated in the synchronous model. This model relies on the assumption that all the nodes of the network act in synchrony; that is, at each round of the protocol, each node is allowed to contact a random neighbor. In this paper, we drop this assumption under the argument that it is not realistic in large-scale systems. We, thus, consider the asynchronous variant, with which, at random times, nodes successively interact by pairs, exchanging their information on the rumor. In a previous paper, we performed a study of the total number of interactions needed for all the nodes of the network to discover the rumor. Although most of the existing results involve huge constants that do not allow us to compare different protocols, we provided a thorough analysis of the distribution of this total number of interactions together with its asymptotic behavior. In this paper, we extend this discrete-time analysis by solving a conjecture proposed previously, and we consider the continuous-time case, in which a Poisson process is associated to each node to determine the instants at which interactions occur. The rumor-spreading time is, thus, more realistic because it is the real time needed for all the nodes of the network to discover the rumor. Once again, as most of the existing results involve huge constants, we provide tight bound and equivalent of the complementary distribution of the rumor-spreading time. We also give the exact asymptotic behavior of the complementary distribution of the rumor-spreading time around its expected value when the number of nodes tends to infinity.
A Flexible, Natural Formulation for the Network Design Problem with Vulnerability Constraints
Authors: Arslan Okan , Jabali Ola , Laporte Gilbert
Published: July 2019

Given a graph, a set of origin-destination (OD) pairs with communication requirements, and an integer k ≥ 2, the network design problem with vulnerability constraints (NDPVC) is to identify a subgraph with the minimum total edge costs such that, between each OD pair, there exist a hop-constrained primary path and a hop-constrained backup path after any k − 1 edges of the graph fail. Formulations exist for single-edge failures (i.e., k = 2). To solve the NDPVC for an arbitrary number of edge failures, we develop two natural formulations based on the notion of length-bounded cuts. We compare their strengths and flexibilities in solving the problem for k ≥ 3. We study different methods to separate infeasible solutions by computing length-bounded cuts of a given size. Experimental results show that, for single-edge failures, our formulation increases the number of solved benchmark instances from 61% (obtained within a two-hour limit by the best published algorithm) to more than 95%, thus increasing the number of solved instances by 1,065. Our formulation also accelerates the solution process for larger hop limits and efficiently solves the NDPVC for general k. We test our best algorithm for two to five simultaneous edge failures and investigate the impact of multiple failures on the network design.
Advanced Tabu Search Algorithms for Bipartite Boolean Quadratic Programs Guided by Strategic Oscillation and Path Relinking
Authors: Wu Qinghua , Wang Yang , Glover Fred
Published: July 2019

The bipartite Boolean quadratic programming problem (BBQP) is a generalization of the well-studied NP-hard Boolean quadratic programming problem and can be regarded as a unified model for many graph theoretic optimization problems, including maximum weight-induced subgraph problems, maximum weight biclique problems, matrix factorization problems, and maximum cut problems on bipartite graphs. This paper introduces three main algorithms for solving the BBQP, based on three variants of tabu search, the first two consisting of strategic oscillation–tabu search (SO-TS) algorithms, which use destructive and constructive procedures to guide the search into unexplored and promising areas. The third algorithm, whichDoes also incorporates the SO-TS algorithms as solution improvement methods, uses a path relinking (PR) algorithm that is capable of further enhancing search performance. Experimental results demonstrate that all three algorithms perform very effectively compared with the best methods in the literature, and the PR algorithm joined with tabu search is able to discover new best solutions for two-thirds of the large problem instances and match the previous best known solutions for the other instances. Additional analysis discloses the contributions of the key ingredients of each of the proposed algorithms.
Doctrinal Orthodoxy and Philosophical Heresy: A Theologian’s Reflections on Beall’s Proposal
Authors: McCall Tom
Published: July 2019

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Proceso de reglamentación de los Concursos de Arquitectura en Uruguay, 1900-1930
Authors: Rimbaud Blengini Arq. Tatiana
Published: July 2019

Este texto reflexiona sobre el proceso de instalación y consolidación de los reglamentos de concursos de arquitectura en Uruguay y en quiénes lo impulsan. Comprender los reglamentos y su génesis es una herramienta de aproximación a las relaciones y los intereses de la comunidad arquitectónica del país, en un periodo altamente significativo para su conformación identitaria. Entre 1900 y 1930 las propuestas fueron variando en función de las recomendaciones de los congresos y los problemas que se presentaban en los concursos. Se identifican en el recorrido varios momentos de interés: la preocupación de Acosta y Lara (1899-1906), la lucha de las asociaciones profesionales (Baroffio, 1907, y SAU, 1923), los intentos de reglamentación desde el estado (Jones Brown, 1924 y Albo - García Selgas, 1924) y el definitivo texto de la SAU (1929). El reglamento de la SAU publicado en 1930 es la conclusión de un largo y polémico proceso de discusión de la comunidad arquitectónica de Uruguay, y es el que determina el ideal ético en los concursos que se realizan en el país de allí en adelante.
Peningkatan Karakter Jujur Melalui Kegiatan Role Play pada Anak di TK Aisyiah 4 Beringin Sakti Pagar Alam Selatan
Authors: Sulastri Sulastri , Fahmi
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the honest character improvement taught at an early age at TK Aisiyah 4 in group B children in the city of Pagar Alam. The character education in the school uses the role playing method. The form of research used is Classroom Action Research. Classroom Action Research Method (PTK) used is applying the role playing method which includes several stages, namely planning (planning), action (acting), observation (observing) and reflection (reflecting). Data collection techniques use observation and documentation of student activities. Based on the results of the assessment in the first cycle, it is known that the honest character level of children is at the stage of developing (MB), namely the Achievement Level of Development of 30.27 and then increasing in the second cycle of child development achievement level of 7.54 with criteria developing hope (BSH).
TINJAUAN FILSAFAT KESEMESTAAN BAHASA TERHADAP ANALISIS KONTRASTIF DAN PENERAPANNYA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB
Authors: Yusuf Enjang Burhanudin
Published: July 2019

Every language has its own structure and feature. Structure has language patterns that form their own feature and uniqueness. Language universality theory sees that all languages in this world have their own uniqueness as well as similar feature or characteristic for all languages. The different and similar character is studied by contrastive analysis so that students’ language mistakes can be predicted. In turn, the mistakes that caused by mother tongue usage influence can be fixed. The analysis result is used to accomplished students language skill. Furthermore, the aim is to help students to realize language mistakes so that students can master their learned language in shorter time. The contrastive analysis focuses on surface language such as phonology, morphology, and syntax because language is easily compared in this area. By mastering this knowledge, teacher will hold learning that emphasizes on differences between those two languages rather than the similarities.
IMPLEMENTASI LECTORA INSPIRE SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN MINAT BELAJAR BAHASA ARAB SISWA KELAS XI AGAMA DI MAN GODEAN
Authors: Oktaria Auline
Published: July 2019

This research is a class action research. The research subjects are all students of class XI majoring in Religion at MAN Godean Yogyakarta on academic year 2012/2013. The number of students is 15 people. The results show that: (1) Learning Arabic with Lectora Inspire media can increase student learning interest of class XI Religion major at MAN Godean. This indicates an increased interest in student learning after the end of the action by using Lectora Inspire media; (2) Arabic learning is carried out in computer labs and in classrooms using LCD and projectors. At the time of learning in the computer laboratory, students can learn independently because Lectora Inspire has provided the material accompanied by instruction and practice questions in it, while the teacher only acts as a facilitator which forms student active learning. The material presented through Lectora Inspire comes with various animations, images, colors and sounds, so it does not make students uninterested. During classroom learning sessions, students form discussion groups. There is a discussion guide on Lectora Inspire displayed through the projector; (3) What makes the students feel interested in learning Arabic language using Lectora Inspire media are: the existence of rewards in the form of praise and applause, motivating teachers, and creating an active and fun learning atmosphere.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA DIORAMA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR BAHASA ARAB DI KELAS VII MTSN YOGYAKARTA I
Authors: Latifah Dini
Published: July 2019

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of diorama media and whether there is a significant difference in improving the learning outcomes of Arabic language in terms of the reading skills of class VII students of MTsN Yogakarta I. The test of the instrument using the validity and reliability test showed that 25 test questions all proved valid and reliable with a reliability coefficient of 0.957 for multiple choice and 0.978 for essay. Before the data were analyzed, the data should be tested by kolmogorov smirnov test and Varian analysis test (ANOVA) to know that the data were normally distributed and homogeneous. Furthermore, the data were tested with "t" test with paired-samples T test to know the significance of pre-test and post-test of the experiment and control classes and to know the effect or influence of diorama media in improving the learning result of Arabic especially on reading skill of class VII students of MTsN Yogyakarta I academic year 2014/2015. The calculation results show that the significance of 0.000 is less than 0.05 so it is stated as significant. The results show that learning Arabic with diorama media is more effective than book media in helping to improve learning result of Arabic language in terms of reading skill of students of class VII MTsN Yogyakarta I academic year 2014/2015 and there is a significant difference between reading by using diorama media and by reading without diorama media.
التناسب بين المواد والطرق في تعليم اللغة الغربية بالمدرسة الثانوية الإسلامية
Authors: Hayati Ulfi
Published: July 2019

This paper aims to find out the Arabic material and methods used and find out the relationship between the two in learning Arabic in Madrasah Aliyah. The methodology used is a correlation, and the results obtained that there is an increased relationship between Arabic language material and the learning method. This shows that the material taught by the teacher is in accordance with the methods used so that the process of learning Arabic becomes effective.
الخطوات المناسبة عند الطريقة المباشرة والسمعية الشفهية لتدريس مهارة الكلام
Authors: Ghofir Abdul
Published: July 2019

One of the objectives of teaching Arabic is to improve students' speaking skills. This purpose is to express the skill of speech and the way it is taught. In this case, the researcher wants to know the conditions related to the skill of speech, especially with regard to the way it is taught. The most appropriate model for the description process is the qualitative approach method, by means of the thesis or the case design. From this research, it is known that the teaching of speech skill uses several direct methods or oral auditory method of the communicative input. It is difficult to define a detailed definition of both methods if the term "direct" is simply a sign of meaning, but that term does not refer to the meaning of the method mentioned.
Pengembangan Multimedia Interaktif 3D Aurora Presentation Untuk Keterampilan Menulis Bahasa Arab
Authors: Khaerotin Rahmah
Published: July 2019

The problem of students who feel difficulties in writing learning is caused by the absence of learning media thereby reducing student creativity. For this reason, it is necessary to develop educational media as a medium that can motivate students to learn Arabic. This study aims to find out how the results of the analysis of the needs of teachers and students towards 3D Aurora-based interactive multimedia learning media Presentation is carried out by collecting data through the questionnaire needs. This study uses Research and Development (R & D) Design. The research data was obtained by interview, observation, and documentation techniques. The results of this study are that teachers and students want the development of 3D interactive multimedia-based learning media Aurora Presentation for Arabic writing skills in class V MI. We can know that the value of the overall aspects of media feasibility is 91.5, which means that the overall value of the aspect of media feasibility is in the range of scores of 86-100 reaching a scale of 4 with a very decent category (very suitable). Thus it can be concluded that the 3D Aurora Presentation-based interactive multimedia that the researchers developed is very feasible to be used by fifth-grade students.

Abstrak

Permasalahan siswa yang merasa kesulitan dalam pembelajaran menulis yang disebabkan oleh tidak adanya media pembelajaran sehingga mengurangi kreatifitas siswa. Untuk itu perlu dikembangkan sebuah media edukasi sebagai media yang dapat memotivasi siswa dalam belajar bahasa Arab.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana hasil analisis kebutuhan guru dan siswa terhadap media pembelajaran berbasis multimedia interaktif 3D Aurora Presentation yang dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan data melalui angket kebutuhan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Desain Research and Development (R&D). Data penelitian diperoleh dengan teknik wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah guru dan siswa menghendaki adanya pengembangan media pembelajaran berbasis multimedia interaktif 3D Aurora Presentation untuk keterampilan menulis bahasa Arab kelas V MI. Dapat kita ketahui bahwa nilai dari keseluruhan aspek kelayakan media adalah 91,5 yang mana itu berarti nilai keseluruhan aspek kelayakan media berada pada rentangan skor 86-100 mencapai skala 4 dengan kategori sangat layak (sangat sesuai). Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa multimedia interaktif berbasis 3D Aurora Presntation yang peneliti kembangkan sangat layak digunakan oleh siswa kelas V.

Kata kunci: Multimedia Interaktif, 3D Aurora Presentation, Keterampilan Menulis
Sadd Adz-Dzarâi’: Konsep dan Aplikasi Manajemen Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Musolin Muhlil
Published: July 2019

This research aims to examine the concept of Sadd adz-Dzarâi and its implementation toward the concept of Islamic Education Management. This research would be beneficial to enrich scientific discussion on how to marry the concept of Islamic education management interact with Sadd adz-dzarâi, a concept in Ushul Fiqh. Using library research, this paper investigates ushul fiqh books and Islamic education management books to examine ushul fiqh’s concept and its implementation toward education management. This study found that the two concepts is compatible to certain extent as both concern on anticipating the possibility of losses in Islamic education institutions in the future.
Non-spectrality of self-affine measures on the three-dimensional Sierpinski gasket
Authors: Lu Zheng-Yi , Dong Xin-Han , Zhang Peng-Fei
Published: July 2019

Let

μ

M
,
D

{\mu_{M,D}}

be a self-affine measure generated by an expanding diagonal matrix

M
∈

M
3

⁢

(
ℝ
)

{M\in M_{3}(\mathbb{R})}

with entries

ρ
1

,

ρ
2

,

ρ
3

{\rho_{1},\rho_{2},\rho_{3}}

and the digit set

D
=

{

(
0
,
0
,
0
)

t

,

(
1
,
0
,
0
)

t

,

(
0
,
1
,
0
)

t

,

(
0
,
0
,
1
)

t

}

{D=\{(0,0,0)^{t},(1,0,0)^{t},(0,1,0)^{t},(0,0,1)^{t}\}}

.
In this paper, we prove that for any

ρ
1

,

ρ
2

,

ρ
3

∈

(
1
,
∞
)

{\rho_{1},\rho_{2},\rho_{3}\in(1,\infty)}

, if

ρ
1

,

ρ
2

,

ρ
3

∈

{

±

x

1
r

:

x
∈

ℚ
+

,

r
∈

ℤ
+

}

{\rho_{1},\rho_{2},\rho_{3}\in\{\pm x^{\frac{1}{r}}:x\in\mathbb{Q}^{+},r\in%
\mathbb{Z}^{+}\}}

, then

L
2

⁢

(

μ

M
,
D

)

{L^{2}(\mu_{M,D})}

contains an infinite orthogonal set of exponential functions if and only if there exist two numbers of

ρ
1

,

ρ
2

,

ρ
3

{\rho_{1},\rho_{2},\rho_{3}}

that are in the set

{

±

(

p
q

)

1
r

:

p
∈

2
⁢

ℤ
+

,

q
∈

2
⁢

ℤ
+

-

1
⁢
 and 
⁢
r

∈

ℤ
+

}

{\{\pm(\frac{p}{q})^{\frac{1}{r}}:p\in 2\mathbb{Z}^{+},q\in 2\mathbb{Z}^{+}-1%
\text{ and }r\in\mathbb{Z}^{+}\}}

.
In particular, if

ρ
1

,

ρ
2

,

ρ
3

∈

{

p
q

:

p
,
q

∈

2
⁢
ℤ

+
1

}

{\rho_{1},\rho_{2},\rho_{3}\in\{\frac{p}{q}:p,q\in 2\mathbb{Z}+1\}}

, then there exist at most 4 mutually orthogonal exponential functions in

L
2

⁢

(

μ

M
,
D

)

{L^{2}(\mu_{M,D})}

, and the number 4 is the best possible.
Synthesis of vitamin E succinate catalyzed by nano-SiO2 immobilized DMAP derivative in mixed solvent system
Authors: Chen Dan , Li Binglin , Li Bin , Zhang Xiaoli , Wei Longhui , Zheng Wenwen
Published: July 2019

Catalytic efficiency in synthesis of vitamin E succinate was dramatically increased via the preparation of robust catalyst and the improvement of reaction system. 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) was covalently immobilized on nano-SiO2 to avoid the catalyst contamination of the product and permit the easy recycling of DMAP. Then, a hexane-acetone mixed solvent system was firstly introduced to replace the traditional single-solvent system, which was employed to improve the activity of immobilized DMAP derivative and the substrate solubility of the reaction system. The highest vitamin E succinate yield of 94% was achieved. In addition, the recyclability and stability of the immobilized DMAP derivative was excellent, the yield of vitamin E succinate had no obvious loss and remained 90% after recycling 20 times. The excellent results make this technology be a promising candidate for the industrial production of vitamin E succinate.
Biofabrication of highly pure copper oxide nanoparticles using wheat seed extract and their catalytic activity: A mechanistic approach
Authors: Buazar Foad , Sweidi Sajjad , Badri Mohammad , Kroushawi Feisal
Published: July 2019

A facile novel green methodology is presented for the synthesis of highly stable and well-dispersed copper oxide nanoparticles using aqueous wheat seed extract. Under optimal reaction conditions, the wheat seed extract-derived electron-rich biomolecules were functioned as a reducing and capping/ stabilizing agent. The ultraviolet-visible absorption peak at 300 nm was confirmed the formation of copper oxide nanoparticles. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis determined Cu–O bonds in nanosample, indicating the active role of functional groups in the wheat seed extract in bio-reduction of Cu cations. X-ray diffraction pattern results demonstrated the monoclinic structure of highly pure biosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles with a crystallite size of 20.76 nm. The stability of copper oxide nanoparticles was confirmed after 3 months’ storage of product with no sedimentation or suspension. Transmission electron microscopy results showed the spherical shape of nano-particle with an average size of 22 ± 1.5 nm. X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy analyses revealed only copper and oxygen elements in the sample, confirming the purity of copper oxide nanoparticles. Bio-assisted copper oxide nanoparticles demonstrated significant catalytic efficiency and reusability toward 4-nitrophenol removal by an average of 97.6% from aqueous solutions after successive 5 days’ exposure to UV irradiation.
Lie Symmetries, One-Dimensional Optimal System and Group Invariant Solutions for the Ripa System
Authors: Kumar Pradhan Pabitra , Pandey Manoj
Published: July 2019

A complete symmetry group classification for the system of shallow water equations with the horizontal temperature gradient, also known as Ripa system, is presented. A rigorous and systematic procedure based on the general invariants of the adjoint representation is used to construct the one-dimensional optimal system of the Lie algebra. The complete inequivalence class of the group invariant solutions are obtained by using the one-dimensional optimal system. One such solution of the Ripa system is used to study the evolutionary behaviour of the discontinuity wave.