bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Distinctive Ictal Amplitude-Integrated Electroencephalography Pattern in Newborns with Neonatal Epilepsy Associated with KCNQ2 Mutations
Authors: Vilan Ana , Mendes Ribeiro José , Striano Pasquale , Weckhuysen Sarah , Weeke Lauren C. , Brilstra Eva , de Vries Linda S. , Cilio Maria Roberta
Published: September 2017

Background: Recurrent and prolonged seizures are harmful for the developing brain, emphasizing the importance of early seizure recognition and effective therapy. Amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) has become a valuable tool to diagnose epileptic seizures, and, in parallel, genetic etiologies are increasingly being recognized, changing the paradigm of the workup and management of neonatal seizures. Objective: To report the ictal aEEG pattern in neonates with KCNQ2-related epilepsy. Subjects and Methods: In this multicenter descriptive study, clinical data and aEEG findings of 9 newborns with KCNQ2 mutations are reported. Results: Refractory seizures occurred in the early neonatal period with similar seizure type, including tonic features, apnea, and desaturation. A distinct aEEG seizure pattern, consisting of a sudden rise of the lower and upper margin of the aEEG, followed by a marked depression of the aEEG amplitude, was found in 8 of the 9 patients. Prompt recognition of this pattern led to early treatment with carbamazepine in the 2 most recent cases. Conclusion: Early recognition of the electroclinical phenotype by using aEEG may direct genetic testing and a precision medicine approach with sodium channel blockers in neonates with KCNQ2 mutations.
One-Year Follow-Up of Girls with Precocious Puberty and Their Mothers: Do Psychological Assessments Change over Time or with Treatment?
Authors: Schoelwer Melissa J. , Donahue Kelly L. , Didrick Paula , Eugster Erica A.
Published: September 2017

Background: To determine whether psychological characteristics of girls with variations of early puberty and their mothers change over time and with treatment in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP). Methods: Girls with CPP, premature adrenarche (PA), and early normal puberty (ENP) completed psychological assessments at baseline and after 1 year along with their mothers. All girls with CPP were treated with GnRH analogs. Psychological effects of group and time were examined using 2 × 3 mixed ANOVAs. Results: Sixty-two subjects aged 7.5 ± 1.4 years (range 4.8–10.5) were enrolled, of whom 36 (15 with CPP, 8 with PA, and 13 with ENP) completed 1-year follow-up assessments. Psychological measures were normal in all girls. No significant group differences were found for any measure of girls’ psychological functioning at either time point. However, across all groups there was change over time with a decrease in perceived physical competence (p < 0.001) and an increase in perceived maternal acceptance (p = 0.001). Conclusion: No abnormalities in psychological functioning were found among girls with variations of early puberty, and all groups were in the normal range. Our results are largely reassuring regarding concerns of adverse psychological consequences of early puberty in girls.
Are Perinatal Events Risk Factors for Childhood Thyroid Autoimmunity
Authors: Jonsdottir Berglind , Lundgren Markus , Wallengren Sara , Lernmark Åke , Jönsson Ida , Elding Larsson Helena
Published: September 2017

Background: Environmental and genetic factors possibly trigger thyroid autoimmunity. Studies on perinatal risk factors for childhood thyroid autoimmunity are sparse. Objectives: The aim was to investigate if perinatal factors, family history of autoimmune diseases, and HLA-DQ genotypes contribute to thyroid autoimmunity in the Diabetes Prediction in Skåne (DiPiS) study. Methods: Samples from 1,874 ten-year-old children were analyzed for autoantibodies to thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb), thyroglobulin (TGAb), and HLA-DQ genotypes. Information on perinatal events and family history of autoimmunity was gathered prospectively in questionnaires. Results: Thyroid autoimmunity was found in 6.9% of the children (TPOAb 4.4%, TGAb 5.8%, both autoantibodies 3.3%) and was overrepresented in girls. Prematurity was positively related to TGAb (OR: 2.4, p = 0.003, pc = 0.021). Autoimmune diseases in the family increased the risk of thyroid autoimmunity: TPOAb (OR: 2.2, p = 0.012), any autoantibody (OR: 1.7, p = 0.04), and both autoantibodies (OR: 2.2, p = 0.024). A first-degree relative (FDR) with thyroid disease increased the risk for TPOAb (OR: 2.4, p = 0.03) and both autoantibodies (OR: 2.6, p = 0.03), a FDR or sibling with celiac disease increased the risk for both autoantibodies (OR: 3.7, p = 0.03, and OR: 4.8, p = 0.003), a FDR or sibling with diabetes increased the risk for thyroid autoantibody (OR: 3.0, p = 0.01, and OR: 5.4, p = 0.032), and a father with rheumatic disease increased the risk for TPOAb (OR: 15.2, p = 0.017), TGAb (OR: 11.3, p = 0.029), any autoantibody (OR: 9.6, p = 0.038), and both autoantibodies (OR: 20, p = 0.01). Conclusions: Thyroid autoimmunity was found in 6.9% of the 10-year-old children who were being followed for their risk of type 1 diabetes. No relation to perinatal factors was found, with the exception of a possible association between prematurity and TGAb. Family history of autoimmune diseases increased the risk of thyroid autoimmunity.
Governança, um novo paradigma de gestão? Sobre a Conferência de Pierre Calame
Authors: Ferreira João Sette Whitaker
Published: September 2017

Este artigo apresenta uma análise crítica da palestra proferida em maio de 2001, por Pierre Caíame, presidente da Fondation Charles Leopold Mayer Pour le Progrès de l’Homme (França), no programa de pósgraduação da Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da USP, sobre o seu livro A questão do estado no coração do futuro, recentemente lançado no Brasil. O livro propõe uma reflexão em torno do tema da governança, do qual o autor é um conhecido defensor em seu país. Para ele, trata-se de uma resposta à necessidade de reestruturação dos mecanismos de funcionamento da administração pública em face dos novos paradigmas do pósfordismo. As dinâmicas de diversidade e interdependência das sociedades mundializadas impõem novas esferas de administração, que se aproximem da realidade e permitam a tomada de decisão co-responsável por parte de todos os atores sociais, dando-lhes a possibilidade de autodeterminação do destino de sua sociedade. Apesar do aspecto universal e internacional que o autor dá a essas idéias, este texto propõe uma reflexão cautelosa acerca da eficácia de sua transposição para a realidade específica brasileira e suas formas particulares de estruturação de uma sociedade desigual, na qual o Estado serve, antes de tudo, como instrumento histórico de hegemonia das classes dominantes. Ainda assim, o artigo busca ressaltar os aspectos positivos dessas idéias, que podem ser úteis para aqueles que se vêem à frente de governos populares e têm que lidar com um aparato estatal corrompido e desvirtuado de suas funções
Pensamento e ação sobre o território — Um balanço reflexivo do IX Encontro Nacional da ANPUR
Authors: Acselrad Henri
Published: September 2017

O presente texto resulta da reelaboração das análises efetuadas pelos membros da Comissão Científica do IX ENANPUR sobre os trabalhos recebidos para as diferentes áreas temáticas. Este esforço de síntese remete, assim, em pé de página, às fontes primeiras do presente balanço
O Urbanismo, a Medicina e a Biologia nas palavras e imagens da cidade
Authors: Gunn Philip , Correia Telma De Barros
Published: September 2017

0 urbanismo - que surge como disciplina no século 19, institucionalizada no início do século 20 - tem recorrido reiteradamente à biologia para explicitar suas análises e técnicas de ação. Nas representações da cidade tornou-se freqüente as analogias com corpos vivos, partes de corpos, doenças e anomalias. Nas palavras da cidade e do urbanismo, termos da biologia são freqüentemente empregados, surgindo tanto nas técnicas de análise e intervenção quanto para nomear partes e componentes da cidade. 0 texto discute esta correspondência que se instaura entre a cidade e 0 corpo, investigando as metáforas e as analogias formuladas entre a aglomeração urbana e os organismos vivos no uso de palavras da biologia e da medicina para designar a cidade e alguns de seus lugares. Por meio da fala de diferentes autores - urbanistas, médicos, etc. - no Brasil e em outros países - 0 trabalho assinala como estes vínculos percorrem os séculos 19 e 20. Discute 0 sentido da persistência e da força da imagem do corpo como modelo de ordem e de desordem urbana. Discute ainda impactos deste procedimento na compreensão da forma e do ambiente da cidade
O Controle do uso do solo para proteção dos Mananciais
Authors: Moreira Antonio Claudio M. L.
Published: September 2017

O texto apresenta os efeitos urbanísticos da legislação de proteção dos mananciais da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. Considera esta legislação ineficaz para controle da expansão na borda da área urbanizada, porque, não leva em conta a prévia preparação para urbanização, e as características dos assentamentos populacionais nesta área
O Projeto Integrado de Arquitetura. Algumas Considerações Metodológicas
Authors: Naveiro Ricardo M.
Published: September 2017

Este trabalho foi baseado em minha tese de doutorado elaborada na FAUUSP na qual foi desenvolvido um referencial metodológico para o entendimento do processo de inovações tecnológicas experimentado pela indústria de manufatura, analisando a contribuição do PAC - projeto auxiliado por computador (em inglês CAD - computer aided design) para a integração das atividades de projeto e fabricação. Neste artigo è explorado este mesmo tema para a indústria da construção, procurando identificar as contribuições do PAC para o aumento do nível de integração das atividades presentes no projeto de arquitetura. Inicialmente são discutidos alguns conceitos relativos à implantação de sistemas automatizados de produção em indústrias de manufatura e estabelecidas algumas diferenças entre ela e a indústria da construção habitacional; e feitas algumas adaptações (transposições) desses conceitos para a arquitetura. Finalizando, são mostradas algumas possibilidades de integração entre as diversas fases do projeto arquitetônico com o auxílio do PAC. É ressaltado o uso dc PAC tanto como um intrumento de auxílio à representação como de recuperação de informações do projeto
Revitalização de Centros Urbanos o Novo Paradigma de Desenvolvimento e seu Modelo Urbanístico
Authors: Del Rio Vicente
Published: September 2017

São discutidos os modelos urbanísticos e as imagens ideais gerados pelos quatro principais paradigmas de desenvolvimento perseguidos desde o final do século passado. Seus rebatimentos nas areas centrais são a nossa preocupa­ ção principal e contesta-se sua aplicabilidade direta enquanto baseados em modelos idealizados e/ou contextos não-específicos. O paradigma da revitalização mostra-se viável por sua flexibilidade e pluralidade; destacam-se alguns de seus aspectos positivos, mas aponta-se o perigo na importação de modelos e imagens
Casas de Orates
Authors: Segawa Hugo
Published: September 2017

A arquitetura de hospícios implantada no Brasil durante o século 19 corresponde a uma busca da modernização. Em sintonia com o surgimento desse programa arquitetônico na Europa e nos Estados Unidos, foi produto da compreensão da questão da alienação mental como uma patologia passível de tratamento e, por conseguinte, da possibilidade de definir um espaço específico para essa finalidade. O trabalho busca demonstrar a trajetória dessa preocupação no Brasil mediante a constatação do surgimento de hospícios no Rio de Janeiro, Recife, Porto Alegre, Belém e São Paulo, caracterizando um programa de amplitude até hoje pouco esclarecido
As Escolas Públicas Paulistas da Primeira República e seus Arquitetos
Authors: Wolff Silvia Ferreira Santos
Published: September 2017

Discute-se a origem da arquitetura escolar oficial em São Paulo e seu processo evolutivo ao longo da Primeira República. Busca-se refletir sobre os aspectos criativos desta arquitetura mediante a análise das constribuições específicas de alguns arquitetos, cujas obras parecem contrapor-se à arquitetura eclética vista como uma produção acrítica e resultante de imitações irrefletidas de exemplos estrangeiros
Alegoria: Modo de Ver, Modos de Usar
Authors: Monforte Luiz Guimarães , Giorgi Junior Giorgio
Published: September 2017

Rascunho de leitura de três manifestações de procedimentos alegóricos nos campos das artes plásticas e do design
Meta-da-Metalinguagem
Authors: Federico Maria Elvira Bonavita
Published: September 2017

Como mostro no pensamento introdutório "Meta-da-Metalinguagem" este artigo não pretende apenas considerar o poema A Mão de Carlos Drummond de Andrade, também não é só uma simples análise, procurei considerar arte/luz e cor como fiz em outros trabalhos efetivados para a pós-graduação, principalmente no curso da Prof5 Dr5 Élide Monzeglio, cujo título era Projeto Cor e Imagem, para os quais me utilizo de intuição do meu imaginário, portanto, de forma livre. Ele é também visto como reescritura do que Drummond pensa, não só de Portinari, sua obra pictórica e seu evoluir, mas da obra poética e do fazer artístico em geral, sobre o problema ontológico e a crise existencial tanto do pintor como do poeta/escritor
A MicrocidadeTapira A Macroempresa VALEP e o Planejamento Tecnocrático Brasileiro
Authors: Cunha Fernanda Martins
Published: September 2017

Este trabalho tem como objeto geral o processo de planejamento urbano como atividade política, visto em suas manifestações concretas num município do sudoeste de Minas Gerais, denominado Tapira, com cerca de 2.000 habitantes, no período que se inicia em 1975 e vem até os dias atuais. A pesquisa busca não só demonstrar a natureza política do planejamento, como descobrir alguns modos pelos quais ela se manifesta concretamente, dando realce às reações populares ao que foi decidido e desencadeado pela cúpula. E ao desvendar os problemas sociais/econômicos/políticos/espaciais ocorridos em Tapira poderei conhecer melhor o processo histórico atual brasileiro
A "Mascara Embelezada" - Arquitetura e moral iluminista
Authors: Nobre Ana Luiza
Published: September 2017

Este trabalho procura discutir o significado, em termos arquitetônicos, do projeto moral sustentado pelo iluminista, através do exame do verbete Arquitetura da "Encyclopédie" de Diderot e D'Alembert. Com es ocupa-se em desenvolver uma reflexão acerca das iluministas de "gênio" e "gosto", procurando vi concepção de estética associada ao ilustrado
Comércio e lazer no início do século: O caso do Derby no Recife
Authors: Correia Telma De Barros
Published: September 2017

O artigo trata da criação no Recife, em fins do século 19, do Derby: um centro de comércio, serviços e lazer, que introduziu na cidade novas atitudes em face do consumo, articulando-o a formas novas de diversão e lazer. Mostra como, em termos espaciais, o Derby expressou um momento de redefinição de espaços de uso coletivo, pela incorporação de novos padrões de conforto, higiene e segurança e pela alteração da relação entre a cidade e a natureza. Mostra ainda como o malogro da experiência, após uma curta existência de menos de 1 ano, esteve relacionado a conflitos políticos entre o proprietário do Derby e os governantes pernambucanos da época
Paisagismo: ensino e pesquisa em pós-graduação
Authors: Macedo Silvio Soares , Martinelli Miranda
Published: September 2017

0 texto apresenta o desenvolvimento conceitual e metodológico da pesquisa e das atividades de ensino no tocante ao paisagism o no curso de pósgraduação da FAUUSP,de 1970 até o início do ano 2000. Nestes 30 anos o assunto mereceu a criação de uma subárea denominada paisagem e ambiente, pela qual já passaram dezenas de pesquisadores, e enfoca o esforço pioneiro da Prof. Dra. Miranda M. Magnoli e seus seguidores para implementar a área
Impacto do processo de descentralização dos níveis governamentais pós 88 nos municípios de pequeno porte demográfico. O caso da zona da mata de Minas Gerais
Authors: Carvalho Aline Werneck  B. de
Published: September 2017

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa de doutorado que avalia o impacto dos mecanismos de descentralização institucionalizados a partir da Constituição Federal de 1988, no padrão de planejamento e gestão dos municípios com população inferior a 10.000 habitantes da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais. Partindo das condições básicas para a efetivação de um processo de descentralização intergovernamental, toma como critérios de análise o efeito dos mecanismos de descentralização fiscal na capacidade financeira dos municípios, o papel dos conselhos municipais na ampliação da participação popular na gestão e no planejamento municipal e a organização das prefeituras para a municipalização
A Necessidade de Orientação Urbanística
Authors: Barberis Beatriz Araujo Lara
Published: September 2017

Propõe-se apontar o crescimento desordenado, a falta de hariponia dos bairros residenciais em verticalização e o processo descuidado, que tem gerado o seu desenho urbano. Reforça-se a necessidade de que esse espaço urbano seja organizado a partir de propostas antecipadas de uso do solo, que contenham orientação urbanística, que resulte em um desenho que gere uma melhor qualidade ambiental
A Cidade Contemporânea a visão de Piranesi
Authors: Toscano Odiléa Helena Setti
Published: September 2017

Aborda-se o espaço urbano considerado através do trabalho de Giovanni Battista Piranesi, um arquiteto e gravador veneziano do século XVIII. O trabalho consiste de leitura crítica de algumas séries de gravuras do artista, de um estudo teórico que inclui uma discutida biografia, como também de uma análise de sua educação, tendências e influências
Condicionantes do papel estruturador regional dos nós e Terminais do Sistema de Transportes
Authors: Zahn Carlos Eduardo
Published: September 2017

A força do sistema de transportes e de seus pontos nodais e terminais na organização do espaço regional é condicionada à existência de política de desenvolvimento global voltada às regiões e à formulação de política setorial de transportes, àquela integrada, definindo prioridades e hierarquias entre modos de transportes
A Criança e a Invenção de seu Espaço
Authors: Almeida Elvira De
Published: September 2017

Desde 1977, tenho projetado brinquedos para espaços públicos. Crio espaços lúdicos que são um misto de cenário de parques de diversões, circo e festas populares. Como escultora e designer procuro transformar o brinquedo tradicional, de formas estereotipadas e função dirigida, em escultura lúdica, que convide a brincar, estimulando a criatividade e a imaginação infantil. Melhor dizendo, um escorregador só serve para escorregar. Entretanto, se crio um elemento de formas inusitadas, que leve a sonhar e a explorar livremente o espaço, tenho um outro contexto, que transcende o monólogo do objeto utilitário, falando muito mais a linguagem da obra de arte
Contemporary Management of Cardiogenic Shock: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: van Diepen Sean , Katz Jason N. , Albert Nancy M. , Henry Timothy D. , Jacobs Alice K. , Kapur Navin K. , Kilic Ahmet , Menon Venu , Ohman E. Magnus , Sweitzer Nancy K. , Thiele Holger , Washam Jeffrey B. , Cohen Mauricio G.
Published: September 2017

Cardiogenic shock is a high-acuity, potentially complex, and hemodynamically diverse state of end-organ hypoperfusion that is frequently associated with multisystem organ failure. Despite improving survival in recent years, patient morbidity and mortality remain high, and there are few evidence-based therapeutic interventions known to clearly improve patient outcomes. This scientific statement on cardiogenic shock summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, causes, and outcomes of cardiogenic shock; reviews contemporary best medical, surgical, mechanical circulatory support, and palliative care practices; advocates for the development of regionalized systems of care; and outlines future research priorities.
NoSCE or Next Generation osce?
Authors: Shakirov Oleg
Published: September 2017

This article examines how increased tensions between Russia and the West in the wake of the Ukraine crisis impact the conflict management work of the osce. It first looks at Russian perspectives of the osce and focuses on how these changed in the post-2014 period. It then proceeds with an overview of implications resulting from geopolitical tensions between Russia and the West that could positively or negatively affect the role of the osce in conflict management in the long term. The article ends by laying out 4 scenarios on how the situation and the osce could evolve and argues that in the near future a continuation of the status quo is most probable.
Strategic Gender Egalitarianism in Rural China: The Impacts of Husbands’ Migration on Gender Relations
Authors: Zhang Hong , Fussell Elizabeth
Published: September 2017

When men migrate for work and couples live separately, gender relations may be altered in response. Our research in rural China about husbands’ and wives’ perceptions of household decision making and gender-related attitudes examines hypotheses derived from Connell’s theory of gender structures using the Gansu Survey of Children and Families. Consistent with previous research, we find that both migrant husbands and their wives perceive that women have more decision-making power over household production and consumption. In contrast, the effects of husbands’ migration on gender attitudes are not uniformly positive. Both migrant husbands and their wives are more likely than nonmigrant spouses to agree that women and men can achieve the same given equal opportunities. Moreover, migrant husbands hold more gender egalitarian views toward their children’s education than nonmigrant husbands. However, migrant husbands and their wives are no more likely to question sons’ obligations or men’s and women’s roles in the family than their nonmigrant counterparts. We interpret our findings as strategic gender egalitarianism, that is, gender egalitarianism born of necessity, particularly economic necessity. Strategic gender egalitarianism does not, however, challenge dominant gender structures that define family relationships and allocate power unequally.
The Effect of Person Order on Egress Time: A Simulation Model of Evacuation From a Neolithic Visitor Attraction
Authors: Stewart Arthur , Elyan Eyad , Isaacs John , McEwen Leah , Wilson Lyn
Published: September 2017

Objective:

The aim of this study was to model the egress of visitors from a Neolithic visitor attraction.

Background:

Tourism attracts increasing numbers of elderly and mobility-impaired visitors to our built-environment heritage sites. Some such sites have very limited and awkward access, were not designed for mass visitation, and may not be modifiable to facilitate disabled access. As a result, emergency evacuation planning must take cognizance of robust information, and in this study we aimed to establish the effect of visitor position on egress.

Method:

Direct observation of three tours at Maeshowe, Orkney, informed typical time of able-bodied individuals and a mobility-impaired person through the 10-m access tunnel. This observation informed the design of egress and evacuation models running on the Unity gaming platform.

Results:

A slow-moving person at the observed speed typically increased time to safety of 20 people by 170% and reduced the advantage offered by closer tunnel separation by 26%. Using speeds for size-specific characters of 50th, 95th, and 99th percentiles increased time to safety in emergency evacuation by 51% compared with able-bodied individuals.

Conclusion:

Larger individuals may slow egress times of a group; however, a single slow-moving mobility-impaired person exerts a greater influence on group egress, profoundly influencing those behind.

Application:

Unidirectional routes in historic buildings and other visitor attractions are vulnerable to slow-moving visitors during egress. The model presented in this study is scalable, is applicable to other buildings, and can be used as part of a risk assessment and emergency evacuation plan in future work.
How Second-Order Is the Regional Level? An Analysis of Tweets in Simultaneous Campaigns
Authors: Bouteca Nicolas , D’heer Evelien , Lannoo Steven
Published: September 2017

This article puts the second-order theory for regional elections to the test. Not by analysing voting behaviour but with the use of campaign data. The assumption that regional campaigns are overshadowed by national issues was verified by analysing the campaign tweets of Flemish politicians who ran for the regional or national parliament in the simultaneous elections of 2014. No proof was found for a hierarchy of electoral levels but politicians clearly mix up both levels in their tweets when elections coincide. The extent to which candidates mix up governmental levels can be explained by the incumbency past of the candidates, their regionalist ideology, and the political experience of the candidates.
Concept Based Instruction: Enhancing Grammar Competence in L2 Learners
Authors: Harun Haliza , Abdullah Norhana , Ab Wahab Nursyuhada’ , Zainuddin Nurkhamimi
Published: September 2017

Over the past decades, much of the discussion regarding grammar teaching has evolved around the identification of the best language teaching approach to facilitate effective learning of English language among second language (L2) learners. Despite the various approaches introduced and implemented in the realm of L2 teaching, the language performances of these learners are still ‘off-target’ as they are still found not able to use the correct language expressions to serve their communicative needs. Investigation of the use of concepts in the learning and teaching of grammar may provide an alternative solution in enhancing learners’ L2 grammar competence. Known as Concept Based Instruction (CBI) this pedagogical approach that is predicated on Vygotskian thought, centres on promoting the quality of the grammar rules in helping learners to understand and use the grammar concepts to achieve their communicative needs. This article focuses on the principles found in CBI with the aim of exploring CBI’s potential and hence facilitate in-depth understanding of not only the structural forms but also the semantic meaning of the target language among L2 learners.
“Cap, my little man, be a woman!”
Authors: Naranjo-Huebl Linda
Published: September 2017

In E.D.E.N. Southworth’s The Hidden Hand, an allusion to the book of Judith points to parallels in its formalist elements—intertextuality, plot features, and genre (comedy)—and in themes—its protagonists’ challenge of gender roles and emphasis on God’s sovereignty. They also share a mixed critical interpretation. The similarities are tempered by Southworth’s rejection of Old Testament-style violence and her New Testament belief in the possibility of redemption for all souls. The resulting tensions manifest in ambiguities that correlate with feminist theologians’ disparate interpretations of Judith, particularly those that note a spiritual progression from Judith to Mary that moves from “righteous” violence to acts of peace.
Role of number of sentinel nodes in predicting non-sentinel node metastasis in breast cancer
Authors: Dong Li-Feng , Xu Shu-Ying , Long Jing-Pei , Wan Fang , Chen Yi-Ding
Published: September 2017

Objective

The aim of the present study was to determine how many sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) are appropriate for predicting non-SLN metastasis in breast cancer.

Methods

The association between clinicopathological features and non-SLN metastasis was retrospectively analyzed in 472 patients who underwent axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) following SLN biopsy. Another 251 patients who underwent only SLN biopsy without ALND were analyzed and followed up for 2 years.

Results

A large tumor size, positive SLN, and HER-2 positivity were independent predictors of non-SLN metastasis. There were significant differences in non-SLN metastasis between patients with one negative SLN and patients with an absence of negative SLNs. There was no significant difference in non-SLN metastasis between patients with one negative SLN and two or more negative SLNs. The recurrence-free survival rate for patients who did not undergo ALND was 99.6% (245/246).

Conclusion

Surgeons should ensure that the number of SLNs obtained is appropriate. The presence of one negative SLN is enough in SLN biopsy. Considering the invasiveness of the surgery, two or more negative SLNs may be unnecessary.
Conceptual Disruption
Authors: McClelland Sara I.
Published: September 2017

In research using self-report measures, there is little attention paid to how participants interpret concepts; instead, researchers often assume definitions are shared, universal, or easily understood. I discuss the self-anchored ladder, adapted from Cantril’s ladder, which is a procedure that simultaneously collects a participant’s self-reported rating and their interpretation of that rating. Drawing from a study about sexual satisfaction that included a self-anchored ladder, four analyses are presented and discussed in relation to one another: (1) comparisons of sexual satisfaction scores, (2) variations of structures participants applied to the ladder, (3) frequency of terms used to describe sexual satisfaction, and (4) thematic analysis of “best” and “worst” sexual satisfaction. These analytic strategies offer researchers a model for how to incorporate self-anchored ladder items into research designs as a means to draw out layers of meaning in quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods data. I argue that the ladder invites the potential for conceptual disruption by prioritizing skepticism in survey research and bringing greater attention to how social locations, histories, economic structures, and other factors shape self-report data. I also address issues related to the multiple epistemological positions that the ladder demands. Finally, I argue for the centrality of epistemological self-reflexivity in critical feminist psychological research. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/0361684317725985
The Intern to Employee Career Transition
Authors: Rose Philip S.
Published: September 2017

Interns possess a unique career status, straddling a career boundary between intern student and regular employee. Taking into account interns’ ambiguous and often precarious career status, this study investigates the factors that shape an intern’s perceptions of himself or herself as an organizational insider, and how this perception in turn determines his or her transition from intern to employee within the host organization. To address this question, the current study collected data at three time intervals, from 303 intern–supervisor dyads. The findings indicate that an intern’s perceived insider status was predicted by both task significance and participative leadership experienced during their internship, and ultimately insider status mediated an intern’s transition to regular employment with the host organization. The findings provide important insights into at a pivotal career juncture, given internships are fast becoming a preferred career entry point into a range of postuniversity vocations.
Responding to globalisation: The case of elite artistic gymnastics in China
Authors: Zheng Jinming , Tan Tien-Chin , Bairner Alan
Published: September 2017

This article presents an exploration of a non-Western nation’s responses to globalisation through an in-depth analysis of elite artistic gymnastics in China over a lengthy time span. The concept of globalisation and patterns of ‘reach’ and ‘response’ act as the heuristic devices underpinning the analysis. Data were collected from a range of documents and from six semi-structured interviews. The trajectory of Chinese elite artistic gymnastics’ responses to globalisation can be characterised as a passive response in the 1950s, a participative response in the first half of the 1960s, a conflictual response from 1966 to the early 1970s, a participative response from the early 1970s to the 2012 Olympic Games, and a passive response, once again, during the Rio Olympiad (post-London 2012). In this way, a nation’s responses to globalisation are seen as dynamic rather than rigid or static. China’s case also demonstrates that a nation can have a degree of autonomy when responding to globalisation, although in extreme cases, a nation-state can choose to resist this globalising context, largely depending on a government’s attitude towards globalisation and the value the government attaches to it.
Football, fan violence, and identity fusion
Authors: Newson Martha
Published: September 2017

Football violence has been a global problem for decades. A new way to approach the phenomenon comes from the theory of identity fusion, an extreme form of social bonding implicated in personally costly pro-group behaviours. Using British and Brazilian fan cultures to illustrate, this article discusses the ways in which identity fusion can help understandings of football violence. While hooliganism in the UK and the phenomenon of torcidas organizadas in Brazil operate under culturally distinct loci, the fundamental cognition underlying the extreme behaviours exhibited by both may be remarkably similar. Through this discussion, the football landscape is shown to offer researchers unique opportunities for understanding culture and the human psyche more broadly.
Familial and Social Influences in Career Exploration for Female Youth of Color
Authors: Storlie Cassandra A. , Albritton Kizzy , Cureton Jenny L.
Published: September 2017

Counseling research on female youth of color has been limited in the application of theoretical frameworks that engage families in a practical sense regarding career issues. In this direct content analysis, 40 female middle school students of color shared perceptions of their strengths and supports for future career success. Relational cultural theory, a framework grounded in multiculturalism and feminism, was shown to be a fitting and promising theory-to-practice model for those working with female adolescents of color and their families. Implications for counselors working with female youth of color and families on career exploration are provided.
Delayed Development of Malignant Hyperthermia Following Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Sams Stephen Hall , Revilla Stephen , Stahl David Lawrence
Published: September 2017

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare but potentially life-threatening disorder encountered during general anesthesia. The use of cardiopulmonary bypass during cardiac surgery can obscure many of the cardinal signs and symptoms of MH. The development of postoperative MH following cardiac surgery is rare, but anesthesiologists and intensivists must maintain a high index of suspicion in order to make a prompt diagnosis. Initiation and tailored maintenance of MH therapy must also consider the complex physiologic changes of patients in the immediate post–cardiac surgery period. In this article, we present a case of the development of postoperative MH in the cardiac intensive care unit after elective open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.
Investigating Differences in Brexit-vote Among Local Authorities in the UK: An Ecological Study on Migration- and Economy-related Issues
Authors: Tammes Peter
Published: September 2017

During a non-binding referendum on the UK’s membership in the European Union in June 2016, 51.9% of UK voters voted in favour of leaving the European Union, also known as Brexit. However, the Local Authorities in the UK showed a wide variation in the referendum outcome. For 380 Local Authorities, the European Union referendum outcome was linked to data derived from the 2011 Census, creating a database to investigate associations between local factors and the referendum outcome. This ecological study formulated and tested hypotheses related to migration and economic issues as those two topics dominated the European Union referendum campaign. The results of multivariable generalised linear model analyses showed that the percentage of migrants who arrived between 2004 and 2011 in local areas was positively associated with the proportion of Leave-votes. This indicates that the relative number of recently arrived migrants might have been a key factor in voters’ decisions. Further research might focus on the origin of those migrants. Furthermore, in England, the percentage of lower educated was positively associated with the proportion of Leave-votes. This indicates that England was divided along educational lines. Moreover, this study also found a positive association between the proportion of elderly with self-reported poorer general health and the proportion of Leave-votes. Although investigating local health outcomes was beyond the study’s aim, this result indicates that health issues might be of importance in understanding local differences in European Union referendum outcomes. These findings provide us with a better understanding of the underlying factors of the Brexit-vote and directions for future research.
From persuasive messages to tactics: Exploring children’s knowledge and judgement of new advertising formats
Authors: De Pauw Pieter , De Wolf Ralf , Hudders Liselot , Cauberghe Veroline
Published: September 2017

Despite that contemporary advertising is decreasingly about persuading children through persuasive messages and increasingly about influencing them through implicit tactics, little attention has been given to how children may cope with advertising by understanding and evaluating the new advertising tactics. Drawing on 12 focus groups entailing 60 children of ages 9–11 years, this article investigates children’s advertising literacy by exploring their knowledge and judgements (and accordingly reasoning strategies) of the new advertising formats. In particular, insight is provided into children’s critical reflection on the tactics of brand integration, interactivity and personalization in the advertising formats brand placement, advergames and retargeted pre-roll video ads on social media. It is shown that while children not spontaneously do so, they appear to have the ability to understand these tactics and form judgements about their (moral) appropriateness, thereby considering a wide range of societal actors.
Proposal on risk assessment of reinforced concrete structures subjected to explosive loads
Authors: Nagata Makoto , Beppu Masuhiro , Ichino Hiroyoshi , Yashiro Harumi
Published: September 2017

This study proposes an evaluation method to assess the risk of a reinforced concrete structure subjected to an explosive load such as that resulting from a terrorist bombing attack. First, a hazard curve that represents the relationship between the frequency of explosive incidents and the explosive mass was evaluated based on the statistics of terrorist bombing incidents. Second, to evaluate the damage state of the reinforced concrete structure due to the explosive load, fragility curves for the reinforced concrete members, such as beams, columns, and slabs, were evaluated using a single-degree-of-freedom model and a rotational capacity–based criterion. The fragility curve shows the relationship between the damage probability level, such as “no damage,” “small damage,” “collapse,” and an explosive mass. The total failure probability of the reinforced concrete structure was estimated by superposing the fragility curves of the members and by incorporating the reducing effect of floor slabs in the reinforced concrete structure on the blast load. A loss curve was drawn based on the damage state of the reinforced concrete structure by assuming the number of human lives lost and the reinforced concrete structure in each damage state. A risk curve was then derived by combining the hazard curve with the loss curve.
Failure behavior of reinforced concrete slabs subjected to moderate-velocity impact by a steel projectile
Authors: Kataoka Shinnosuke , Beppu Masuhiro , Ichino Hiroyoshi , Mase Tatsuya , Nakada Tatsuya , Matsuzawa Ryo
Published: September 2017

This study investigates the failure characteristics of reinforced concrete slabs subjected to moderate-velocity impacts by conducting impact tests and numerical simulations. In a series of tests, a spherical steel projectile with a mass of 8.3 kg and a diameter of 80 mm is collided with an reinforced concrete slab at an impact velocity of 65–90 m/s. To investigate the failure characteristics of the reinforced concrete slab, impact motion of the projectile, reaction force, and strain–time history on the back surface and reinforcing bars of the reinforced concrete slab were measured. Failure modes obtained experimentally were compared with the Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry formula proposed for the local damage of reinforced concrete slabs. Test results revealed that a circular scabbing crack on the back surface of the reinforced concrete slab was completed while there is a sharp increase in the reaction force. Numerical simulations using a high-fidelity concrete model reasonably reproduced the failure characteristics of an reinforced concrete slab. Numerical results demonstrated that the scabbing failure of an reinforced concrete slab subjected to a moderate-velocity impact was initiated by the penetration of the projectile and was completed during the reaction force response.
Unusual Intramural Coronary Artery With Vertical Course Complicating an Arterial Switch Operation
Authors: Sinha Lok , Jonas Richard A. , Sinha Pranava
Published: September 2017

Intramural coronary arteries in patients with d-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) usually arise from the opposite sinus of Valsalva and traverse horizontally across the posterior/facing commissure before emerging externally from the appropriate sinus of Valsalva. Failure to make appropriate technical modifications during coronary transfer can result in an important risk of posttransfer ischemia. We report a case with an unusual course of an intramural left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery in a patient with d-TGA, with origin at the mid ascending aorta and a vertical intramural course, increasing the susceptibility to injury during an arterial switch operation (ASO).
Dalit Youths’ Perception towards Their Current Employment in Nepal
Authors: Biswakarma Gangaram , Mangrati Riban
Published: September 2017

This study intends to identify the current employment status of educated Dalit youths and the employment perception of employed Dalit youths in Nepal. A descriptive and exploratory design, with both qualitative as well as quantitative approach, was framed for the study. A random sample of 400 educated Dalit youths was taken for a quantitative study from Dalit Employability Enhancement Database (DEED) project of the NGO named Professional Research and Development Centre in Kathmandu. In addition, focus group discussion (FGD) was conducted with 50 educated Dalit youths. The employment scenario of the Dalit youths is not too encouraging. Female Dalits stay more unemployed in comparison to males, despite having similar educational qualifications and competencies. It may be indicative of non-engagement or empowerment of Dalit women towards employment in the country. Majority of the Dalit youths were found to be satisfied with their current jobs. Those who were dissatisfied with their jobs were so mainly due to their salaries, lack of job security, lack of opportunities to career progression and mismatching in working areas.
International ERS/ESICM/ESCMID/ALAT guidelines for the management of hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia
Authors: Torres Antoni , Niederman Michael S. , Chastre Jean , Ewig Santiago , Fernandez-Vandellos Patricia , Hanberger Hakan , Kollef Marin , Li Bassi Gianluigi , Luna Carlos M. , Martin-Loeches Ignacio , Paiva J. Artur , Read Robert C. , Rigau David , Timsit Jean François , Welte Tobias , Wunderink Richard
Published: September 2017

The most recent European guidelines and task force reports on hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) were published almost 10 years ago. Since then, further randomised clinical trials of HAP and VAP have been conducted and new information has become available. Studies of epidemiology, diagnosis, empiric treatment, response to treatment, new antibiotics or new forms of antibiotic administration and disease prevention have changed old paradigms. In addition, important differences between approaches in Europe and the USA have become apparent.

The European Respiratory Society launched a project to develop new international guidelines for HAP and VAP. Other European societies, including the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, were invited to participate and appointed their representatives. The Latin American Thoracic Association was also invited.

A total of 15 experts and two methodologists made up the panel. Three experts from the USA were also invited (Michael S. Niederman, Marin Kollef and Richard Wunderink).

Applying the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) methodology, the panel selected seven PICO (population–intervention–comparison–outcome) questions that generated a series of recommendations for HAP/VAP diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
Evaluation of severity score-guided approaches to macrolide use in community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Singanayagam Aran , Aliberti Stefano , Cillóniz Catia , Torres Antoni , Blasi Francesco , Chalmers James D.
Published: September 2017

International guidelines including those in the UK, Japan, Australia and South Africa recommend the avoidance of macrolides in patients with low-severity community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We hypothesised that severity scores are poor predictors of atypical pneumonia and response to macrolide therapy, and thus, inadequate tools for guiding antibiotic prescriptions.

Secondary analysis of four independent prospective CAP datasets was conducted. The predictive values of the CURB-65 and pneumonia severity index (PSI) for clinically important groups of causative pathogens were evaluated. The effect of macrolide use according to risk class was assessed by multivariable analysis.

 Patients (3297) were evaluated, and the predictive values of CURB-65 and PSI for atypical pathogens were poor (AUC values of 0.37 and 0.42, respectively). No significant differences were noted among the effects of macrolide use on mortality in patients with mild, moderate and severe CAP, according to either CURB-65 (interaction testing severeversusmild disease OR=0.74 (0.29–1.89)) or PSI (severeversusmild disease OR=3.4 (0.055–2.10)), indicating that severity scores were not significant modifiers of response to macrolide therapy.

Severity scores did not accurately predict response to macrolide therapy in CAP, suggesting that current guidance to use these tools for empirical antibiotic choices might not be justified.
On the notion of abstraction in systemic functional linguistics
Authors: Williams Jamie , Russell Noah , Irwin Derek
Published: September 2017

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the theoretical dimensions of stratification, instantiation, and delicacy within Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). It does so by examining the nature of the concept of ‘abstraction’ with respect to these terms. The claim is that, although the same term is used in each case, the precise meaning of abstraction differs depending on the theoretical focus. This conclusion is reached by examining three related, but distinct, factors: (1) omission of detail, (2) generalisation, and (3) decontextualisation. By using these criteria, this article develops a typology of abstraction types for SFL. The conclusion reached is that, although the dimensions of delicacy and instantiation can be described using the criteria above, the explicit ordering behind the dimension of stratification cannot. The paper concludes by examining a proposal that attempts to account for the explicit ordering between strata in terms of supervenience. We argue that this attempt fails to accurate describe inter-stratal relations in the theory. Therefore, the basis of this ordering is in need of further investigation.