bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological aspects of snakebites in the state of Amazonas, Brazil, from 2007 to 2017
Authors: Braga da Silva Tatiane , Aly Johann , Figueira Marcelo , Mendonça da Gama Araújo Calleb , Karolina Freitas de Sousa Isadora , Alberto Tonin Alexandre , Gomes Fernandes Leíse , Dos Santos Sousa Rejane
Published: February 2022

This study comprises a retrospective analysis of snakebites in the State of Amazonas, Brazil, from 2007 to 2017. Data were collected from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (NDIS). 17,056 snakebites were recorded in Amazonas between 2007 and 2017. During the study period, the Rio Negro and Tefé micro-regions had the highest accumulated incidence, while small municipalities such as São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Uarini and Alvarães presenting a high incidence rate during the same period. Snakes in the genera Bothrops and Lachesis caused 69.5% and 20.3% snakebites. Snakebites occurred more frequently in the Amazonian winter, between January and April, and most of the snakebite victims (78.6%) were men. The most affected individuals were between 20 and 39 years of age (59.4%). The time elapsed between snakebites and medical assistance varied from one to six hours (51.4%). 7,705 of the snakebite cases, were classified as moderate, 7,328 as mild, and 1,299 as severe. Of the 104 deaths that occurred in the period, Bothrops genus caused the highest mortality (68.3%). The State of Amazonas recorded both high numbers of snakebites in the period 2007-2017 and the time elapsed between snakebite and medical assistance, which may affect the clinical status of patients.
KEY WORDS: Bothrops; Lachesis; Amazon; snakes; viperidae
Educational intervention on scholar’s knowledge regarding schistosomiasis in a riverside community, northeastern Brazil
Authors: Da Fraga Santana Jonathan , Martins da Silva Lucas , Valdino Ferreira Pereira Filipe , Ferreira Amorim Bruno , Vitor Pimentel Paulo , Do Rosário Souza Mariana , Jordan Nunes Ribeiro Caique , Dantas dos Santos Allan , Lima dos Santos Priscila , Dos Santos Tavares Débora , Bezerra-Santos Márcio
Published: February 2022

Schistosomiasis is still a serious public health concern in Brazil and Sergipe State presents the highest prevalence rate of the disease. Brazil implemented the Schistosomiasis Control Program (PCE) with several strategies to control the disease, including health education actions in endemic areas. Herein, we assessed the impact of an educational intervention on knowledge concerning schistosomiasis in students from a riverside village of Sergipe, Northeastern Brazil. The study was carried out in 3 phases. 1) A questionnaire was applied to assess the students’ knowledge about the biological, clinical, and epidemiological aspects of schistosomiasis mansoni (pre-test). 2) Next, an educational intervention was conducted. Pamphlets about schistosomiasis were distributed to the entire school community, who were then invited to a lecture. 3) A post-test was performed using the questionnaire to assess acquired knowledge. 151 elementary school students were interviewed. 2.6% of the pre-test students and 4.3% of the post-test group had already been diagnosed with schistosomiasis. In the pre-test, only 24.5% knew the cause of the disease and 48.3% the transmission sites. In the post-test, 74.3% (OR= 8.9; p-value<0.0001) knew the etiology and 77.1% the possible transmission sites (OR= 3.6; p-value<0.0001). There was also significant improvement in knowledge regarding signs, symptoms and prophylactic measures. Most students were unaware of the risk of reinfection by Schistosoma mansoni after treatment. The educational intervention proved quite effective in increasing information on schistosomiasis. These results reinforce the importance of health education as an auxiliary tool in the control of schistosomiasis.
KEY WORDS: Schistosomiasis mansoni; health education; schoolchildren; neglected tropical diseases; Brazil.
Rancang Bangun Alat Screw Extruder Pada Pembuatan Papan Partikel Berbahan Dasar Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Dan Plastik Polypropylene (PP)
Authors: Adriatna Putri Amalia , Anerasari Anerasari , Purnamasari Indah
Published: February 2022

Peningkatan limbah plastik dan Tanda Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) yang sangat besar di Indonesia dikhawatirkan akan memberikan dampak buruk bagi lingkungan. Papan partikel dapat dibuat dari limbah plastik Polypropylene yang digunakan sebagai perekat dan bahan isiannya berupa dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) dengan menggunakan alat Screw Extruder dengan memvariasikan kecepatan putaran Screw. Untuk melihat kinerja dari Screw Extruder yang dirancang, perbandingan komposisi Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) dan perekat Polypropylene (45:55, 40:60, 35:75, 30:70, 25:75). Sehingga didapatkan papan partikel yang telah memenuhi SNI 03–2105- 2006 dengan kondisi optimum untuk nilai kerapatan tertinggi yaitu pada kecepatan putaran screw 60 rpm dengan perbandingan komposisi bahan 25:75, untuk nilai kadar air, daya serap, dan pengembangan tebal yaitu pada kecepatan putaran screw 20 rpm dengan perbandingan komposisi bahan 45:55
Information for Caregivers and Family in the Emergency Department
Authors: Bola ROCHA Raquel , Cruz SILVA Flávia Cristina , Castro BASTOS Ana Margarida
Published: February 2022

Introduction: A visit to the Emergency Department can have a negative impact on patients, their families and caregivers. To overcome negative effects linked to the lack of information, it is necessary to involve the patient’s family and caregivers and evaluate their information needs. Aims: Identify the information that caregivers need from the families in an emergency department; understand how often information should be given to the caregivers; identify the health professionals most qualified to impart the information and identify all the communication barriers experience by caregivers. Methods: This research is a qualitative study with descriptive phenomenological approach. We carried out 38 semi – structured interviews on a public road close to an Emergency Department, from February to March 2018. Data were analysed according to the descriptive phenomenological method of Amedeo Giorgi (1985,1997). Results: Caregivers identified receiving information about the patient as a priority. They also wanted to receive information about the patient more often from doctors and/or nurses. In addition, caregivers identified the use of medical/scientific language by health professionals as possible barriers to communication between them. Other concerns raised included the attitude of the health professional, their availability and the lack of communication. Conclusions: Caregivers should be seen as an important and essential pillar of the healthcare system. The information provided by health professionals should be adjusted to the needs of the caregivers.
Nurses’ Perception of Caring Attitudes and Behaviours - A Cross-sectional Study in a Geriatric Hospital
Authors: Baptista Peixoto BEFECADU Filipa Alexandra , ROULIN Marie-José , SECHAUD Laurence
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Nurses’ attitudes and behaviours can have a major impact on patients’ well-being, security and care satisfaction. Nurses’ perceptions of adopting caring attitudes and behaviours in a geriatric context are under-investigated. Aim: Describe nurses’ perceptions regarding the importance, competency, and feasibility aspects of their caring attitudes and behaviours, and compare each investigated care domain (clinical, relational, humanistic and comforting) with nurses’ perceptions of their importance, competency and feasibility. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: 90 nurses were recruited with a convenience sample. The Caring Nurse-Patient Interaction-23 item scale and a sociodemographic questionnaire were used to collect data from October to December 2017. Results: Nurses assigned high scores with an overall mean of 4.01 ± 0.28 for all items. On all items, the scores of the scale of importance (M=4.56, SD= 0.32) were higher than the ones of perceived competency (M=3.98, SD=0.36) and perceived feasibility (M=3.47, SD=0.49). Analysis by domain showed that nurses highly rated humanistic care on two out of three scales (importance M=4.82, SD=0.29 and feasibility M=3.91, SD=0.69), whereas relational care was the lowest (feasibility M=2.80, SD=0.64). Conclusion: Nurses valued caring and felt fairly competent. However, it was difficult for them to adopt caring attitudes and behaviours in their own practice.
Healthcare safety monitoring strategy: a qualitative study
Authors: Correia Tânia , Martins Maria Manuela , Novatzki Forte3 Elaine Cristina
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The safety of patients and professionals is one of the most important foundations of the classic model of health management and must be considered as a factor for evaluating the activity of health organizations. These organizations must implement integrated and systematic risk management strategies involving their professionals in the identification, analysis, evaluation and monitoring of the risks inherent to the provision of health care. In this way, monitoring plays a major role in risk management. Aims: This study aims to understand the strategies that nurse managers use to monitor the safety of patients and professionals in health services. Methods: Qualitative interpretative study using a semi-structured interview with 14 nurse managers of a hospital in the central region of Portugal and convenience sampling. Content analysis performed using Bardin’s methodology and Atlas.ti software. Results: Similar outcome noted from nurse managers whereby four categories were identified: scales, indicators, patient satisfaction and audits. Conclusions: Overall, the participant identified that the monitoring of safety in the service are more patient-centered rather than healthcare professionals. The nurse managers were very vague in regard to mentioning the scales used within the service, and a little explored the added value they represent for health and safety management of professionals in the service and all focused-on patient safety.
BIO-MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS: A CASE STUDY IN DISTRICT FAISALABAD, PUNJAB PAKISTAN
Authors:   Government College University Faisalabad, Malik Nazia , Mehmood Zaid ,   Government College University Faisalabad, Mahmood Babak ,   Government College University Faisalabad
Published: February 2022

Biomedical waste (BMW) is produced during surgical, and medical treatment, vaccination, and diagnostic processes. Owing to its hazardous nature BMW must be carefully segregated, handle and discard. As the healthcare professionals are significant and influential part of any healthcare system so their practices for handling this waste are imperative. Purpose: This study was conducted in public sector hospitals of Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan to assess the Bio-medical waste management practices among healthcare professionals. Design/Methodology/Approach: In this cross-sectional quantitative study, 500 respondents was conveniently recruited in which 280 were MBBS doctors and 220 staff nurses serving in different departments of the hospital. A self-designed questionnaire comprises of different statements about practices of healthcare waste management was used for data collection. The collected data was analyzed through SPSS version 24. Findings: The researchers found that although “Hospital Waste Management Rule Pakistan 2005” exists and there are Bio Medical Waste Management (BMWM) committees in the hospitals, the healthcare waste management practices were not up to the mark. Moreover, no proper trainings of the healthcare professionals were conducted. Keywords: Bio Medical Waste Management, Healthcare
Perspectives on Race, Gender and Power Differentials in Lived Experiences of Failed Suicide Bombers in Pakistan
Authors:   University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan, Rao Munir Ahmed Zia , Zakar Rubeena ,   University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
Published: February 2022

The study documents lived experiences of failed suicide bombers in Pakistan. It describes the influence and impact of social structures like gender, geography race and ethnicity with reference to their experiencing of suicide bombing. The study also characterizes the power relations in their interactional contexts entailing in unquestioning submission and support to militant organizations. Owing to ideological charged conditions and overwhelming existence of terrorist organisation certain regions and ethnicities in Pakistan exhibit unusual inclination to suicide terrorism. The article also argues the strategic necessity and ideological under pining of feminizing suicide terrorism in Pakistan by terrorist outfits. Feminizing of suicide terrorism in Pakistan is driven by out of strategic and political expediency. Women in Pakistan are enlisted mostly by means of physical and emotional coercion, exploitation of familial ties and patriarchal influences. The lived experiences of the male and female suicide bombers gathered from in-depth interviews and secondary data delineate the factors and process of ‘zombification’. Keywords: Female suicide bombers, Suicide bombing, gender, race and ethnicity, terrorism, power.
Molecular Docking Supported Observed Changes in Anticholinesterase, Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitions upon the Bromination of Benzene Sulfonamide
Authors: Mater H Mahnashi Mater H Mahnashi , Bandar A Alyami Bandar A Alyami , Yahya S Alqahtani Yahya S Alqahtani , Ali O Alqarni Ali O Alqarni , Muhammad Saeed Jan Muhammad Saeed Jan , Muhammad Ayaz Muhammad Ayaz , Farhat Ullah Farhat Ullah , Umer Rashid and Abdul Sadiq Umer Rashid and Abdul Sadiq
Published: February 2022

Sulfonamide or sulfa drug is a known term used in various classes of medicines. Due to the high efficiency of sulfonamide group in various drugs candidates, it is still used as a vital moiety for the drug syntheses by the medicinal chemists. In this research, we have brominated benzenesulfonamide to get N, N-dibromobenzenesulfonamide. Furthermore, we have checked the comparative activities of both the starting sulfonamide and the brominated product. The anticholinesterase activity was determined with Ellman’s assay. α-Glucosidase inhibitory potential was determined with chromogenic assay. DPPH and ABTS free radicals were used in antioxidant assay. Both benzene sulfonamide and its brominated product showed activities in various concentrations in the in-vitro assays. The acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase (AChE andamp; BChE) inhibitions of the brominated product were prominent, i.e., 63.98and#177;1.51% and 67.98and#177;0.07% at highest concentrations with IC50 192.89 and 120.52 and#181;g/ml respectively. The benzene sulfonamide exhibited 61.40and#177;0.21% and 63.06and#177;0.50% at highest concentrations with IC50 241.85 and 190.44 and#181;g/ml respectively. The activity of the positive control galantamine was75.72and#177;0.35% and 77.05and#177;0.13% with IC50 43.30 and 35.06 and#181;g/ml against AChE and BChE respectively. Similarly, in α-glucosidase assay, the brominated product showed excellent activity. Sulfonamide causing 74.62and#177;0.40% while brominated sulfonamide showed 78.61% enzyme inhibition at 1 milligram per milliliter showing IC50 47.70 and 122.40 microgram per milliliter respectively. The Acarbose standard drug exhibited 86.61and#177;0.43% activity with IC50 of 34.39 microgram per milliliter. In the ABTS and DPPH antioxidant assays, the synthesized dibromobenzenesulfonamide exhibited comparable results with sulfonamide i.e., 63.06and#177;0.50% and 67.37and#177;0.26% radicals scavenging at 1 milligram per milliliter having IC50 (and#181;g/ml) of 190.44 and 109.03 respectively. Binding poses were explored by the help of docking simulations. Binding affinity data confirmed the in vitro activity. Our results concluded that in anticholinesterase, α-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant the activity can be increased by bromination of benzene sulfonamide.
Identification of New Compounds in Epimedium L. based on Flavonol Secondary Metabolism and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Qin Weihan and Yang Yong Qin Weihan and Yang Yong
Published: February 2022

To derive and verify the chemical structure of the new components in Epimedium, the laws of secondary metabolism and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) were combined. Based on the chemical literature of Epimedium, the secondary metabolism network of flavonols was constructed, and the possible metabolites were deduced. After the metabolites, information was imported into PeakView software, and the ions with a mass error andlt; 5 ppm, correct isotope distribution, and containing secondary fragments were taken as the target compounds. The chemical structures of new compounds were identified and verified by combining Formula Finder, Mass Calculators, online databases (SciFinder, Reaxys, ChemSpider, etc.) and secondary fragmentation rules. In this study, a total of 4 metabolic pathways and 64 compound structures were deduced, and two new components and 12 new compounds were identified in 54 batches of Epimedium samples from 15 species by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the long and tedious steps of phytochemical separation were simplified, experimental costs were reduced, and a new idea and method were suggested for the analysis and identification of secondary metabolites with pharmacological activity.
The Impact of Covid 19 Pandemic on Maritime Students’ Perceptions of Their Profession
Authors: KARACA İsmail , SÖNER Ömer
Published: February 2022

There is no doubt that the covid 19 pandemic has formed a global impact in many sectors. It is a notable fact that the maritime industry, which is a respectable part of the global supply chain, is also affected by the Covid 19 pandemic. Along with these, it is though that there are radical changes in the education sector with the Covid 19 pandemic. That These changes exist, when combined with the changes of covid 19 in the sector, is created a considerable impact on maritime students' perceptions of their profession. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the effect of Covid-19 on students' occupational perceptions. On this paper, the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on maritime students’ perceptions of their profession is investigated using the Five Point Likert Type Survey method. Recent developments resulting from Covid-19 have led to a renewed interest in maritime students’ perceptions of their profession. Accordingly, the study provides a better understanding of maritime students' opinions in order to help maritime regulatory bodies construct future policies that best match seafarer needs.
Examining Linkage Leadership Style, Employee Commitment, Work Motivation, Work Climate on Satisfaction and Performance
Authors: Megawati M. , Hamdat Aminuddin , Aida Nur
Published: February 2022

This study aims: to test and analyze the influence of leadership style, employee commitment, work motivation, and work climate on employee job satisfaction with direct and indirect effects. This study uses primary data from a survey of 221 employees as sample. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS. The results showed that: (1) empirically, the leadership style, employees commitment, work motivation, and work climate had a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction; (2) employees commitment, work motivation, and work climate have a positive and significant effect on employees performance through job satisfaction as an intervening variable, while leadership style has no significant effect; (3) employee commitment, work motivation, and work climate indirectly have a positive and significant effect on employees performance through job satisfaction as an intervening variable, while the leadership style has no significant effect; and (4) job satisfaction has a positive and significant direct influence on employees performance. This study suggested that work motivation, employee commitment, and work climate that provide significant influence need to be maintained, while leadership styles that have insignificant influence on employee performance need to be improved and prioritized as the company's efforts to improve job satisfaction and employee performance.
PENGARUH LATIHAN FISIK TERHADAP PERUBAHAN BERAT BADAN PADA MAHASISWA KEPERAWATAN DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Arief Akmal Dzulfiqar Nuraulia , Sukarni Sukarni , Maulana M. Ali
Published: February 2022

Pendahuluan: Keadaan pandemi global membuat sebagian besar orang yang bekerja serta belajar dari rumah sehingga meningkatkan risiko terjadinya peningkatan berat badan. Latihan fisik aerobik rutin terbukti efektif dalam mengurangi persentase lemak, mengontrol berat badan, serta meningkatkan kebugaran kardiorespirasi. Latihan fisik aerobik yang direkomendasikan selama pandemi adalah jogging. Penelitian terdahulu melakukan latihan sebelum situasi pandemi Covid-19, sehingga perlu dilakukan studi lebih lanjut mengenai latihan fisik pada situasi pandemi guna mencegah peningkatan kasus overweight pada mahasiswa.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang menggunakan quasi experiment dengan pre test dan post test dengan 31 responden dengan teknik purposive sampling. Metode latihan menggunakan metode jogging progresif (10 menit, 15 menit, 20 menit, dan 30 menit) selama 12 kali latihan (24 hari). Evaluasi perubahan berat badan dengan menggunakan timbangan berat badan. Uji menggunakan Paired T Test, uji Independent sample t-test dan uji Pooled T-test (α=5%).

Hasil: Responden sebelum diberikan intervensi memiliki rerata berat badan 63,42 Kg (sd=13,02). Setelah diberikan intervensi responden memiliki rerata berat badan sebesar 62,12 Kg (sd=12,42). Terdapat perubahan berat badan pada kelompok intervensi (p=0,0001), sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol tidak terdapat perubahan yang signifikan (p=0,380). Terdapat pengaruh antara latihan fisik dengan perubahan berat badan dengan rata-rata penurunan berat badan sebesar 1,31 kg (sd=1,07).

Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh signifikan antara latihan fisik terhadap perubahan berat badan pada kelompok dewasa awal. Penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan dapat menggunakan sampel yang lebih besar serta penggunaan variabel yang lebih banyak.

Kata kunci: Pandemi global; Kelebihan berat badan; Latihan fisik; Aerobik; Jogging.
Anesthetic Efficacy of Single Buccal Infiltration of 4% Articaine and 2% Lignocaine in Extraction of Maxillary 1st Molar
Authors: Junaid Hashmi Muhammad , Rahman Atiq ur , Athar Khan Muhammad , Azeem Khan Muhammad , Abdullah Shamima , Shahzad Hafiz M.
Published: February 2022

Objective: To determine anesthetic efficacy of single buccal infiltration of 4% articaine and 2% lignocaine in extraction of maxillary 1st molar. Study Settings: This study was carried out at The Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan from March 2021 to August 2021. Material and Methods: Patients were divided in two groups randomly Articaine HCl. 4% with Epinephrine 1:100,000 injection and Lignocaine HCl. 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000 injection. Buccal infiltration was given in the area between the two molar buccal roots, along the long axis. One person carried out all injections by using slow injection method (roughly 1ml/min) and deposited full cartridge (1.8ml of solution). 4% articaine or 2% lignocaine was used on each patient when extraction was performed however in cartridges labeled 1 to 100 with the use of suitable blinding technique. Results of the Study: VAS scores after injection of lignocaine were: mild for 5 patients (10%), moderate for 34 patients (68%), and severe for 11 patients (22%), while none of the patients reported with no pain after lignocaine injection. The mean pain experienced by patients on VAS, after extraction using articaine was 2.70 ± 1.91 and VAS after extraction using lignocaine was 2.58 ± 1.94. Conclusion: It was concluded that during articaine single buccal injection observed pain is significantly less in contrast to combined buccal and palatal lignocaine injection.. Keywords: Single buccal infiltration, articaine, lignocaine, maxillary 1st molar
Effect of Intensive vs Moderate Alveolar Recruitment Strategies Added to Lung Protective Ventilation on PP Complications
Authors: Naseer Mehwish , Tabassum Rafia , Furqan Aamir
Published: February 2022

Aim: to establish the effects of intensive alveolar recruitment therapy in decreasing the post-operative pulmonary complications. Methodology: A randomized multi centered study was performed with patients in ICU having hypoxemia after a cardiac surgery. Patients were allocated to two groups (intensive vs moderate recruitment strategy) with ventilation having small tidal volume. Severity of post-operative pulmonary complications was primary outcome. Secondary outcome was duration of stay in hospital and ICU, hospital mortality and the rate of barotrauma. Results: The pulmonary complication severity score of the intensive and moderate group patients was 1.58±0.91 and 2.10±1.01 respectively. The mean ICU stay, hospital stay and mechanical ventilation in ICU mean of the intensive group patients was 4.06±2.12 days, 10.10±3.21 days and 11.26±2.80 respectively. While, the mean ICU stay, hospital stay and mechanical ventilation in ICU mean of the moderate group patients was 4.70±2.04 days, 14.09±2.99 days and 12.15±2.08 respectively. Conclusion: Patients having hypoxemia after a cardiac surgery, intensive alveolar recruitment therapy proves to be more helpful in decreasing the severity and occurrence of post-operative pulmonary complications as compared to moderate alveolar recruitment therapy. Keywords: Alveolar recruitment, tidal volume, pulmonary complications.
Evaluation of Efficacy of Post-Operative Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Mandibular Fractures
Authors: Rahman Atiq ur , Noor Maria , Ishaq Yaser , Saeed Tooba , Manzar Saadia , Farooq Ali
Published: February 2022

Study Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of post-operative antibiotic prophylaxis in mandibular fractures. Study Design and Settings: It was a randomized controlled trial carried at of Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Akhtar Saeed Medical & Dental College Lahore from January 2021 to June 2021. Patients and Methods: After accepting to be enrolled in the study 50 patients with mandible fractures were randomly assigned into two groups Group A and Group B respectively. From admission until 24 hours post-operatively, all patients were given prophylactic antibiotic. The patients were than evaluated for evidence of infection at 6 weeks post-operatively.. Results of the Study: The age incidence varied from 18-60 years. The maximum number of patients belongs to age group 20-30 years. In a total of 50 patients, 45 male and 5 female patients were enrolled for the study. 4 of 25 patients in group A (16%) and 3 of 25 patients in group B (12%) reported with infection during follow-up. No statistically significant difference in the incidence of infection was noted between the groups Conclusion: In this study it was concluded that 1 day post-operative antibiotic is adequate to prevent post-operative infection in uncomplicated mandible fractures. The extended use of post-operative prophylactic antibiotic does not affect the incidence of infection in uncomplicated mandible fracture. Keywords: Mandibular Fractures, Post-Operative Antibiotic, Efficacy
Effect of Parenting Style on Adolescent Depression
Authors: Fatima Anum , Ahmed Muhammad Munir , Slatch Jazib Munir , Slatch Izna Munir
Published: February 2022

Background: Parenting style refers to the attitudes and behaviors of parents toward their children and an emotional environment in which the parents’ behaviors are expressed. Behavioral problems including externalizing and internalizing problems are amongst the most common mental health issues. Thus, to prevent the development of depression, it is necessary to understand the parenting styles. Objective: To determine the parenting style of parents of depressed adolescents. Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: Child & Adolescent Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi from 31st January to 31st July 2020. Methodology: One hundred and fifty adolescents were enrolled. The presence of depression in adolescent patients was assessed by using the Hamilton Scale for Depression (HAM-D). For parenting style, the adolescent patients were asked to answer the Parental Authority Questionnaire. Results: Mean age was 15.90±2.82 years. 53 (35.3%) were male adolescents and 97 (64.7%) were female adolescents. Twenty two (14.7%), 75 (50%) and 53 (35.3%) patients had mild, moderate and severe depression. Eighty five (56.7%), 50 (33.3%) and 15 (10%) had authoritarian, permissive and authoritative parenting style respectively. Conclusion: The study reveals strong relation between depression and impaired parenting and emphasizes that parents should have warm and nurturing relationship with their children as it provides protection against the development of depression in adolescents. Keywords: Depression, Adolescents, Parenting style, Authoritarian, Permissive and authoritative parenting style
Efficacy of Labetolol in Women with Pre-Eclampsia at Tertiary Care Hospital of Upper Sindh
Authors: Magsi Shahida , Isran Basma Zia , Jalbani Ayesha , Khokhar Afshan , Magsi Inayat
Published: February 2022

Background: When pre-eclampsia (PE) occurs, it is a multi-organ condition with an unknown cause that is classified as a high-risk pregnancy marked by hypertension and proteinuria. Many antihypertensive medications are utilised, but they have drawbacks, whereas the use of labetalol to treat hypertension in women with pre-eclampsia has shown to be effective. Our findings may aid in underlining the importance of adequate treatment for pre-eclamptic patients who are in danger. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous labetalol in the treatment of pre-eclampsic pregnant women who presented to a public service tertiary hospital. Study Design: Descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaikh Zaid Women Hospital, Larkana from 1st June to 30th November 2020. Methodology: One hundred women with pre-eclampsia who had a singleton pregnancy on ultrasonography. Then intravenous labetalol 20mg, 40mg, 80mg, then 80mg every 15 minutes until goal blood pressure was obtained. Every 30 minutes, blood pressure was taken. Results: The mean age was 31.25±5.30 years. There were 24% patients with pre-eclampsia achieved target blood pressure (150/100 mmHg) with one dose of intravenous labetalol, another 55% achieved target blood pressure with a second dose, and the remaining 21% achieved target blood pressure with a third dose. Conclusion: Labetalol was found to be an effective treatment for women suffering from pre-eclampsia. Keywords: Pre-eclampsia, Blood pressure, Intravenous labetalol
Frequency of Vitamin D Deficiency in Patient with Depression
Authors: Husnain Rizwan-ul- , Ahmed Muhammad Munir , Yasir Sadia , Fatima Sundus , Slatch Izna Munir
Published: February 2022

Background: There has been some growing evidence that Vitamin D deficiency is also a causative factor in the etiology of depression, but there hasn’t been much work done on this topic and the evidence is inconsistent. The objective of this research is to find the association between blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and depression among patients with depression in our local population. Objective: To determine frequency of vitamin D deficiency in patient with depression. Study design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi from 3rd August 2017 to 2nd February 2018. Methodology: One hundred and forty-two clinically diagnosed cases of depression gender between age 18 to 60 years were enrolled. Serum Vitamin D levels were estimated in each patient and frequency of vitamin D deficiency was determined. Results: 51 (35.9%) patients reported to have vitamin-D deficiency. Conclusions: We recommend effective screening tests for early detection vitamin D deficiency in clinically diagnosed patients of depression. Keywords: Depression, Vitamin D, Vitamin D deficiency
Vitamin D Deficiency in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Das Bhagwan , Kumar Santosh , Junejo Abdul Manan , Memon Rafia , Lal Om
Published: February 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of vitamin D deficiency in end stage renal disease patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-Sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Nephrology, JPMC, Karachi, from 12th October, 2019 to 11th April 2020. Methodology: One hundred and thirty three patients were enrolled. Venous blood sample of each patient was taken and sent to the laboratory for measuring the vitamin D levels. Serum vitamin D levels <20 ng/ml was taken as vitamin D deficiency. Results: Eighty six (64.7%) were males while 47 (35.3%) were females with mean age was 54.1±7.8 years, mean duration of ESRD was 11.6±4.8 months. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 48 (36.1%) patients. Conclusion: The findings of this study support the idea that deficiency of vitamin D is fairly common in end stage renal disease patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Keywords: Vitamin D Deficiency, End stage renal disease (ESRD), Hemodialysis, Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
Medical Education, COVID-19 and E-Learning
Authors: Nazeer Shahid , . Aroosa , Munir Muhammad Sajid , Arshad Muhammad , Ahamed Farooq , Chaudhari Mariam Zakia
Published: February 2022

Background: COVID-19 not only jeopardized the health, economy but also the education. Medical education is the worst affected area. Shift from traditional learning to online teaching brings forth new kind of complexity in teaching and learning behavior. Student’s attitude towards digital world, availability of resource, their capacity to use and learn from online teaching, institutional conversion and adoption of online method of teaching and their impact all are expected concerns. This study is the reflection of female medical student’s status and perception during Covid 19 pandemic. Objective: To assess the affect of covid-19 pandemic on medical education among female medical students. Study Design: Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology, Pak Red Crescent Medical & Dental College Kasur from 1st January 2021 to 31st August 2021. Methodology: Questionnaire was generated based on student’s interview, feedback and literature review. Question was of yes/no type. Impact of Covid19 was assessed, working potential, future planning, availability of resources, role of institution, knowledge, attitude and mental and physical well being. Questionnaire was distributed and collected after 24 hours, majority responders were female. Results: There were 29 students with average age of 21.3±2 years, who responded to the survey, among them only 2 were males. 86.2% claimed negative impact of Covid-19. 34.5% had mild, 37.9% moderate and 24.1% had severe anxiety. Only eight (27.6%) students worked as frontline worker or volunteer during pandemic with highest rate (66.7%) among final year or house officers. Majority (93.0%) were aware of the COVID-19 infection and its consequences. Social media was the major source of information for 79.3% followed by WHO web site, faculty lectures, government health advisors and conference/symposia at campus. A good number (65.5%) were willing to work as frontline worker, 58.6% had their families no objection on their working as frontline workers.13.8% did not have digital devices. 58.6% were satisfied with internet function. Conclusion: Majority student’s physical and mental wellbeing affected by Covid. Most were aware of Covid and its consequences. Institution need to integrate online teaching method into traditional way of learning. More resources should be directed for education and provision of facility. Keywords: COVID-19, Education, Learning, Anxiety , Female students, Digital devices
Protecting private information in the digital era:
Authors: Brimblecombe Fiona , Fenwick Helen
Published: February 2022

Globally, enhanced data protection schemes are being introduced in the face of threats to privacy in the digital era. In England and Wales, protection from one such threat – from unconsented-to disclosures of private information online – is covered by both the established tort of misuse of private information and a recently enhanced data protection scheme, arising under the General Data Protection Regulation 2016 (GDPR), providing, in particular, the right to erasure. The previous scheme ran alongside the tort, in an uneasy relationship which, until recently, saw its marginalisation in the privacy context under consideration, with the result that the data protection jurisprudence in this context is impoverished, while the tort jurisprudence and scholarship has flourished. This article argues that merely noting that the two causes of action are available and may arise in the same claim provides a limited response. With the advent of the United Kingdom GDPR and the rise in the dangers to protection of private information posed by the ‘tech’ companies, it presents a new argument in opposition to the two separate silos into which scholarship in this area has fallen and, more importantly, in favour of the opportunities the two actions provide for addressing the range and variety of privacy claims, especially against online ‘intermediaries’, including from non-celebrities. To that end it probes the differences between the designs of the key elements of the two actions which might render one more apt or able to provide privacy protection, depending on the situation, than the other, especially in the online context. It also considers as a warning potentialities within both that could detract from their efficacy.
LANGUAGE COMPETENCE OF POLYTECHNICAL NON-ENGINEERING GRADUATES NEEDED IN THE INDUSTRY WORLD
Authors: Sri Nur Yuliyawati  , Hazma
Published: February 2022

Changes in patterns, requirements, and competition for industrial workers have caused language lectures, both Indonesian and English courses, to be encouraged to prepare graduates from polytechnic non-engineering majors to have language competencies that are in line with industry needs. For this reason, a research was conducted on "Language Competence of Graduates of the Polytechnic Non-Engineering Department Needed by the Business World and the Industrial World" which can be used as a reference for syllabus formulation and study material for language lectures. This study aims to describe the language competencies needed by the business world and the industrial world. To achieve this goal, the descriptive method is used with the data sources of this research consisting of resource persons, namely non-engineering alumni as well as the business and industrial world as well as curriculum documents of the Bandung State Polytechnic Department of Non-engineering, documents regarding KKNI, industrial competency references and language competencies. From this research, it is known that the language competencies needed by the industrial world are 1) writing competence for office administration activities: correspondence, making reports, designing activities/proposals, making agendas and meeting minutes, developing own ideas or other people's ideas; 2) speaking competence for presentations, telephone calls, communicating with relations, negotiating, and promoting; 3) the competence to read accurately, quickly and fluently to manage information, SOPs & work instructions, company rules / regulations, process data accurately, and 4) listening competence to communicate and negotiate. These competencies are in accordance with the qualifications of the KKNI level 5 and 6 which must be possessed by polytechnic D3 and D4 graduates.
THE EFFORTS OF ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS TEACHERS IN IMPROVING THE ABILITY TO READ THE AL-QUR'AN WRITING IN CLASS IV STUDENTS INPRIMARY SCHOOL
Authors: Salmia  , Sudarmin  , A. Muhammad Yusri
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study concerns (1) describing the form of the teacher's efforts in improving the students' reading and writing skills of the Al-Qur'an; (2) after describing the teacher's efforts, it can be seen the factors that are supporting and hindering Islamic religious education teachers in improving Al-Qur'an reading and writing skills.

This type of research is descriptive qualitative. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. This study uses data analysis techniques, consisting of the data collectionstages, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions, while the validity of the data is done by checking the results of interviews, data sources, and implementation time.

The research results conducted by Islamic Religious Education teachers are (1) the efforts of Islamic Religious Education teachers in improving Students' reading and writing skills of the Qur'an are to collaborate with students' parents, create good learning conditions, and conduct learning in a comfortable place. (2) The advantages and disadvantages of improving the reading and writing skills of the Qur'an, the advantages are the cooperation between parents and Islamic Education teachers and the support of the school principal. In contrast, the disadvantages are the lack of facilities and infrastructure such as books that can increase students' interest in learning to write the Qur'an.
PROFILE OF STUDENT SELF-REGULATION LEARNING IN APPLYING TEACHING SKILLS IN ONLINE LEARNING.
Authors: Sudarman  , Noor Ellyawati  , Riyo Riyadi  , Ratna Fitri Astuti
Published: February 2022

The conceptual framework for understanding cognitive, motivational, and self-regulated learning determines the emotional aspects of the learning process. This study aims to investigate student self-regulation learning in applying teaching skills in online learning situations. The survey method is used to find out whether students really plan, organize, and help their own learning. We have asked questions according to the indicators of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire instrument. The participants of this study were students of the Economics Education Study Program, Counseling Guidance, History, Pancasila and Civic Education, Mathematics, Indonesian Literature, and English Literature. The total participants were 116, with a composition of 25.86% male and 74.14% female. The results showed that students' self-regulation was in the medium group as many as 20 people (17.24%), the high group as many as 84 people (72.42%) and the very high group as many as 12 people (10.34%). Meanwhile, student self-regulation for each indicator achieved consists of a reherseal indicator of 31.96% in a poor group, an elaboration indicator of 57.73% in a good group, an organization indicator of 0% in a very poor group, an effort regulation indicator of 0% in a very poor group, and metacognitive indicators of 28.87% in a poor group. Based on the self-regulation group of each student and the percentage of achievement in self-regulation for each indicator, it is said that the participants already have good rehearsal and elaboration abilities, but need to improve their self-regulation skills, and independence to learn and solve problems.
EDUCATIONAL VALUES IN THE NOVEL ENTITLED NEGERI 5 MENARA BY A. FUADI
Authors: Ramlah  , M. Amir P  , Indriati Lewa
Published: February 2022

The objective of this study was to explain the educational values ​​in the novel Negeri 5 Menara by A. Fuadi. This was a descriptive qualitative study to describe the explicit and implicit educational values ​​in the novel Negeri 5 Menara by A. Fuadi. In the implementation of this research design, the researcher firstly collected data, processed, and analyzed the data. The results showed that the educational values ​​in the novel Negeri 5 Menara by A. Fuadi, namely: (1) Divine values ​​include faith in Allah, faith in prophets and apostles, faith in the holy book, and faith in the hereafter; (2) Moral values ​​include giving advice, loving children, filial piety to parents, responsibility, being diligent, disciplined, respecting, not giving up easily, loving the homeland, keeping promises, being sincere, and being high-minded; (3) Social values ​​include sympathy, sharing, friendship, and a sense of kinship; (4) Cultural values ​​include love of local products, pride in their mother tongue, preserving local arts, caring for traditional houses, appreciating special foods, trading systems, pesantren culture, campus culture, and livelihood system; and (5) Aesthetic values ​​include the style of rhetorical questions, figurative language styles, and rhymes.
EVALUATION OF THE ASSESSMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM PROGRAM (ISP) BANDUNG JUARA IN THE GOVERNANCE SECTION OF THE REGIONAL SECRETARIAT OF THE CITY OF BANDUNG
Authors: Nyi Raden Ruyani  , Andre Ariesmansyah  , Elika Dewi Faustine
Published: February 2022

Every government either central or regional is often required to always innovate, especially in the activities of qualified public servants. One of them is innovation whose activities are spread across each region in the city of Bandung is the Bandung Champion Assessment Information System (SIP), which is a program built to assess the performance results of each camat and lurah in public service, the implementation of evaluation is measured based on the results of the activity report uploaded to the SIP Bandung Champion website, camat and lurah evaluation activities have several stages to get the final results of the assessment. The purpose of this research is to analyze and describe the Evaluation of The Bandung Champion Assessment Information System (SIP) Program in the Governance Section of the Bandung City Regional Secretariat to know.

The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques are used with literature studies, observations, documents and interviews. To measure the evaluation of SIP program Bandung Champion researchers use the Program Evaluation Theory which has indicators Of Evaluation Context, Evaluation Input, Evaluation Process, Product Evaluation (CIPP).

This research, that the evaluation of the Bandung Champion SIP Program has problems in performance has not been maximal, citizen assessment activities are not realized.
Legislação acessível em tempos de pandemia: a extensão como instrumento de conscientização e emancipação
Authors: Silva João Eudes da , Lamas Camila Bernardino de Oliveira , Silveira Sara Elizabeth da , Vidigal Naiara Costa , Carvalho Michael Cassemiro de , Paula Kelven Correa de , Gomes Gisely de Souza
Published: February 2022

O presente trabalho apresenta o relato de experiência acerca do projeto de extensão intitulado “Legislação Acessível em Tempos de Pandemia”, cujo escopo foi produzir e oferecer à comunidade do município de Rio Pomba e região, entre os meses de abril e novembro de 2020, material explicativo e de fácil compreensão sobre as legislações aprovadas neste período de pandemia, sobretudo aquelas destinadas a regular as relações trabalhistas e as relativas a auxílios financeiros à população. A partir do desenvolvimento do projeto de extensão citado e de seu significativo alcance, identificou-se que a educação jurídica, socializada através de conteúdos simples e didáticos, se mostrou de suma importância, sobretudo à população em geral. Como resultados, destacam-se, no que tange aos estudantes, o desenvolvimento do seu protagonismo, engajamento e postura ativa diante de problemas sociais. Lado outro, para a comunidade destinatária das ações e do conteúdo produzido, foi possível conhecer seus direitos e as ações implementadas para o enfrentamento do estado de calamidade pública e, com isso, exercer a cidadania de forma plena e consciente.
Defensoría de los derechos humanos en el entorno universitario estudio de caso: Universidad de Sonora, México
Authors: Valenzuela Guadalupe Aleida , González Beltrones Adria Velia , Ramírez Villaescusa Rafael
Published: February 2022

El presente artículo aborda la importancia de la defensoría de los derechos humanos y sus implicaciones en el entorno universitario. Se planteó como objetivo explorar el nivel de información, y conocimiento sobre los derechos humanos en un sector de estudiantes de la Universidad de Sonora, México.