bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Variations in the Metabolome and Bioactivity Profile of Fucus vesiculosus Extracted by an Optimised, Pressurised Liquid Extraction Protocol
Authors: Heavisides Edwin , Rouger Caroline , Reichel Anna F. , Ulrich Cornelia , Wenzel-Storjohann Arlette , Sebens Susanne , Tasdemir Deniz
Published: December 2018

The metabolism of seaweeds depends on environmental parameters, the availability of nutrients, and biotic/abiotic stresses; therefore, their chemical composition fluctuates throughout the year. This study investigated seasonal variations in the metabolome of the Baltic Sea brown alga Fucus vesiculosus and its potential relation to the bioactivity profile. By using a definitive screening design (DSD) combined with pressurised liquid extraction (PLE), an optimised protocol was developed to extract algal biomass monthly for a full calendar year. An untargeted metabolomics approach using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MSn)-based molecular networking and manual dereplication was employed. The extracts were simultaneously screened for their in vitro antimicrobial, anticancer/apoptotic, and free radical scavenging activities. 44 compounds were putatively dereplicated in the metabolome. Many compounds were found to vary with the sampling month; phlorotannin total ion count (TIC) was highest in summer, whilst chlorophylls, lipids, and carotenoids peaked in winter and spring. The greatest radical scavenging and apoptotic activities against pancreas cancer cells observed in the summer months were attributed to high phlorotannin TIC. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) inhibitory activity was produced year-round without a clear seasonal trend. This is the first study applying DSD-based optimised PLE extraction combined with a metabolome analysis of F. vesiculosus for the identification of seasonal variations in both metabolome and bioactivity.
Pro-Apoptotic Activity of French Polynesian Padina pavonica Extract on Human Osteosarcoma Cells
Authors: Bernardini Giulia , Minetti Mariagiulia , Polizzotto Giuseppe , Biazzo Manuele , Santucci Annalisa
Published: December 2018

Recently, seaweeds and their extracts have attracted great interest in the pharmaceutical industry as a source of bioactive compounds. Studies have demonstrated the cytotoxic activity of macroalgae towards different types of cancer cell models, and their consumption has been suggested as a chemo-preventive agent against several cancers such as breast, cervix and colon cancers. Reports relevant to the chemical properties of brown algae Padina sp. are limited and those accompanied to a comprehensive evaluation of the biological activity on osteosarcoma (OS) are non existent. In this report, we explored the chemical composition of French Polynesian Padina pavonica extract (EPP) by spectrophotometric assays (total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin content, and antioxidant activity) and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, and provided EPP lipid and sterols profiles. Several compounds with relevant biological activity were also identified that suggest interesting pharmacological and health-protecting effects for EPP. Moreover, we demonstrated that EPP presents good anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities against two OS cell lines, SaOS-2 and MNNG, with different cancer-related phenotypes. Finally, our data suggest that EPP might target different properties associated with cancer development and aggressiveness.
MS/MS-Based Molecular Networking Approach for the Detection of Aplysiatoxin-Related Compounds in Environmental Marine Cyanobacteria
Authors: Ding Chi Ying Gary , Pang Li Mei , Liang Zhao-Xun , Goh Kau Kiat Kelvin , Glukhov Evgenia , Gerwick William H. , Tan Lik Tong
Published: December 2018

Certain strains of cyanobacteria produce a wide array of cyanotoxins, such as microcystins, lyngbyatoxins and aplysiatoxins, that are associated with public health issues. In this pilot study, an approach combining LC-MS/MS and molecular networking was employed as a rapid analytical method to detect aplysiatoxins present in four environmental marine cyanobacterial samples collected from intertidal areas in Singapore. Based on 16S-ITS rRNA gene sequences, these filamentous cyanobacterial samples collected from Pulau Hantu were determined as Trichodesmium erythraeum, Oscillatoria sp. PAB-2 and Okeania sp. PNG05-4. Organic extracts were prepared and analyzed on LC-HRMS/MS and Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) for the presence of aplysiatoxin-related molecules. From the molecular networking, six known compounds, debromoaplysiatoxin (1), anhydrodebromoaplysiatoxin (2), 3-methoxydebromoaplysiatoxin (3), aplysiatoxin (4), oscillatoxin A (5) and 31-noroscillatoxin B (6), as well as potential new analogues, were detected in these samples. In addition, differences and similarities in molecular networking clusters related to the aplysiatoxin molecular family were observed in extracts of Trichodesmium erythraeum collected from two different locations and from different cyanobacterial species found at Pulau Hantu, respectively.
Diversity and Ecology of Marine Algicolous Arthrinium Species as a Source of Bioactive Natural Products
Authors: Heo Young Mok , Kim Kyeongwon , Ryu Seung Mok , Kwon Sun Lul , Park Min Young , Kang Ji Eun , Hong Joo-Hyun , Lim Young Woon , Kim Changmu , Kim Beom Seok , Lee Dongho , Kim Jae-Jin
Published: December 2018

In our previous study, all Arthrinium isolates from Sargassum sp. showed high bioactivities, but studies on marine Arthrinium spp. are insufficient. In this study, a phylogenetic analysis of 28 Arthrinium isolates from seaweeds and egg masses of Arctoscopus japonicus was conducted using internal transcribed spacers, nuclear large subunit rDNA, β-tubulin, and translation elongation factor region sequences, and their bioactivities were investigated. They were analyzed as 15 species, and 11 of them were found to be new species. Most of the extracts exhibited radical-scavenging activity, and some showed antifungal activities, tyrosinase inhibition, and quorum sensing inhibition. It was implied that marine algicolous Arthrinium spp. support the regulation of reactive oxygen species in symbiotic algae and protect against pathogens and bacterial biofilm formation. The antioxidant from Arthrinium sp. 10 KUC21332 was separated by bioassay-guided isolation and identified to be gentisyl alcohol, and the antioxidant of Arthrinium saccharicola KUC21221 was identical. These results demonstrate that many unexploited Arthrinium species still exist in marine environments and that they are a great source of bioactive compounds.
Model Development for Threshold Voltage Stability Dependent on High Temperature Operations in Wide-Bandgap GaN-Based HEMT Power Devices
Authors: Huang Huolin , Li Feiyu , Sun Zhonghao , Cao Yaqing
Published: December 2018

Temperature-dependent threshold voltage (Vth) stability is a significant issue in the practical application of semi-conductor power devices, especially when they are undergoing a repeated high-temperature operation condition. The Vth analytical model and its stability are dependent on high-temperature operations in wide-bandgap gallium nitride (GaN)-based high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) devices that were investigated in this work. The temperature effects on the physical parameters—such as barrier height, conduction band, and polarization charge—were analysed to understand the mechanism of Vth stability. The Vth analytical model under high-temperature operation was then proposed and developed to study the measurement temperatures and repeated rounds dependent on Vth stability. The validity of the model was verified by comparing the theoretical calculation data with the experimental measurement and technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulation results. This work provides an effective theoretical reference on the Vth stability of power devices in practical, high-temperature applications.
Separation and Characterization of Prostate Cancer Cell Subtype according to Their Motility Using a Multi-Layer CiGiP Culture
Authors: Wang Lin-Xiang , Zhou Ying , Fu Jing-Jing , Lu Zhisong , Yu Ling
Published: December 2018

Cancer cell metastasis has been recognized as one hallmark of malignant tumor progression; thus, measuring the motility of cells, especially tumor cell migration, is important for evaluating the therapeutic effects of anti-tumor drugs. Here, we used a paper-based cell migration platform to separate and isolate cells according to their distinct motility. A multi-layer cells-in-gels-in-paper (CiGiP) stack was assembled. Only a small portion of DU 145 prostate cancer cells seeded in the middle layer could successfully migrate into the top and bottom layers of the stack, showing heterogeneous motility. The cells with distinct migration were isolated for further analysis. Quantitative PCR assay results demonstrated that cells with higher migration potential had increased expression of the ALDH1A1, SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box 2, NANOG, and octamer-binding transcription 4. Increased doxorubicin tolerance was also observed in cells that migrated through the CiGiP layers. In summary, the separation and characterization of prostate cancer cell subtype can be achieved by using the multi-layer CiGiP cell migration platform.
The Jbel Saghro Au(–Ag, Cu) and Ag–Hg Metallogenetic Province: Product of a Long-Lived Ediacaran Tectono-Magmatic Evolution in the Moroccan Anti-Atlas
Authors: Tuduri Johann , Chauvet Alain , Barbanson Luc , Bourdier Jean-Louis , Labriki Mohamed , Ennaciri Aomar , Badra Lakhlifi , Dubois Michel , Ennaciri-Leloix Christelle , Sizaret Stanislas , Maacha Lhou
Published: December 2018

The Jbel Saghro is interpreted as part of a long-lived silicic large igneous province. The area comprises two lithostructural complexes. The Lower Complex consists of folded metagreywackes and N070–090°E dextral shear zones, which roughly results from a NW–SE to NNW–SSE shortening direction related to a D1 transpressive tectonic stage. D1 is also combined with syntectonic plutons emplaced between ca. 615 and 575 Ma. The Upper Complex is defined by ash-flow caldera emplacements, thick and widespread ignimbrites, lavas and volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks with related intrusives that were emplaced in three main magmatic flare ups at ca. 575, 565 and 555 Ma. It lies unconformably on the Lower Complex units and was affected by a D2 trantensive tectonic stage. Between 550 and 540 Ma, the magmatic activity became slightly alkaline and of lower extent. Ore deposits show specific features, but remain controlled by the same structural setting: a NNW–SSE shortening direction related to both D1 and D2 stages. Porphyry Au(–Cu–Mo) and intrusion-related gold deposits were emplaced in an earlier stage between 580 and 565 Ma. Intermediate sulfidation epithermal deposits may have been emplaced during lull periods after the second and (or) the third flare-ups (560–550 Ma). Low sulfidation epithermal deposits were emplaced late during the felsic alkaline magmatic stage (550–520 Ma). The D2 stage, therefore, provided extensional structures that enabled fluid circulations and magmatic-hydrothermal ore forming processes.
Bulnesia sarmientoi Supercritical Fluid Extract Exhibits Necroptotic Effects and Anti-Metastatic Activity on Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Wang Heng-Long , Chang Jung-Che , Fang Li-Wen , Hsu Hsia-Fen , Lee Li-Chiun , Yang Jyh-Ferng , Liang Ming-Tsai , Hsiao Pei-Chi , Wang Chao-Ping , Wang Shih-Wei , Chang Chi-Chang , Houng Jer-Yiing
Published: December 2018

Bulnesia sarmientoi (BS) has long been used as an analgesic, wound-healing and anti-inflammatory medicinal plant. The aqueous extract of its bark has been demonstrated to have anti-cancer activity. This study investigated the anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic effects of BS supercritical fluid extract (BSE) on the A549 and H661 lung cancer cell lines. The cytotoxicity on cancer cells was assessed by an MTT assay. After 72 h treatment of A549 and H661 cells, the IC50 values were 18.1 and 24.7 μg/mL, respectively. The cytotoxicity on MRC-5 normal cells was relatively lower (IC50 = 61.1 μg/mL). BSE arrested lung cancer cells at the S and G2/M growth phase. Necrosis of A549 and H661 cells was detected by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. Moreover, the cytotoxic effect of BSE on cancer cells was significantly reverted by Nec-1 pretreatment, and BSE induced TNF-α and RIP-1 expression in the absence of caspase-8 activity. These evidences further support that BSE exhibited necroptotic effects on lung cancer cells. By wound healing and Boyden chamber assays, the inhibitory effects of BSE on the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells were elucidated. Furthermore, the chemical composition of BSE was examined by gas chromatography-mass analysis where ten constituents of BSE were identified. α-Guaiene, (−)-guaiol and β-caryophyllene are responsible for most of the cytotoxic activity of BSE against these two cancer cell lines. Since BSE possesses significant cytotoxicity and anti-metastatic activity on A549 and H661 cells, it may serve as a potential target for the treatment of lung cancer.
Peptide-Templated Gold Clusters as Enzyme-Like Catalyst Boost Intracellular Oxidative Pressure and Induce Tumor-Specific Cell Apoptosis
Authors: Zhang Ya , Zhang Xiangchun , Yuan Qing , Niu Wenchao , Zhang Chunyu , Li Jiaojiao , He Zhesheng , Tang Yuhua , Ren Xiaojun , Zhang Zhichao , Cai Pengju , Gao Liang , Gao Xueyun
Published: December 2018

Anticancer metallodrugs that aim to physiological characters unique to tumor microenvironment are expected to combat drug tolerance and side-effects. Recently, owing to the fact that reactive oxygen species’ is closely related to the development of tumors, people are committed to developing metallodrugs with the capacity of improving the level of reactive oxygen species level toinduce oxidative stress in cancer cells. Herein, we demonstrated that peptide templated gold clusters with atomic precision preferably catalyze the transformation of hydrogen peroxide into superoxide anion in oxidative pressure-type tumor cells. Firstly, we successfully constructed gold clusters by rationally designing peptide sequences which targets integrin ανβ3 overexpressed on glioblastoma cells. The superoxide anion, radical derived from hydrogen peroxide and catalyzed by gold clusters, was confirmed in vitro under pseudo-physiological conditions. Then, kinetic parameters were evaluated to verify the catalytic properties of gold clusters. Furthermore, these peptide decorated clusters can serve as special enzyme-like catalyst to convert endogenous hydrogen peroxide into superoxide anion, elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, lower mitochondrial membrane potential, damage biomacromolecules, and trigger tumor cell apoptosis consequently.
Polyelectrolyte-Stabilised Magnetic-Plasmonic Nanocomposites
Authors: Stafford Shelley , Garnier Coralie , Gun’ko Yurii K.
Published: December 2018

In this work, new magnetic-plasmonic nanocomposites have been developed through the use of two complementary polyelectrolytes–polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH). PSS, a negatively charged polyelectrolyte, was utilized as a stabiliser for magnetite nanoparticles, and PAH, a positively charged polyelectrolyte, was used to stabilize gold nanoparticles. The combination of these two entities resulted in a magnetic-plasmonic nanocomposite that is highly reproducible and scalable. This approach was found to work for a variety of PSS concentrations. The produced magnetic-plasmonic nanomaterials have been characterized by vibrational sample magnetometry (VSM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. These nanocomposite materials have the potential to be used in a variety of biological applications including bioseparation and biosensing.
Non-Coding RNA in Pancreas and β-Cell Development
Authors: Wong Wilson K. M. , Sørensen Anja E. , Joglekar Mugdha V. , Hardikar Anand A. , Dalgaard Louise T.
Published: December 2018

In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the role of different classes of non-coding RNAs for islet and β-cell development, maturation and function. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a prominent class of small RNAs, have been investigated for more than two decades and patterns of the roles of different miRNAs in pancreatic fetal development, islet and β-cell maturation and function are now emerging. Specific miRNAs are dynamically regulated throughout the period of pancreas development, during islet and β-cell differentiation as well as in the perinatal period, where a burst of β-cell replication takes place. The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) in islet and β-cells is less investigated than for miRNAs, but knowledge is increasing rapidly. The advent of ultra-deep RNA sequencing has enabled the identification of highly islet- or β-cell-selective lncRNA transcripts expressed at low levels. Their roles in islet cells are currently only characterized for a few of these lncRNAs, and these are often associated with β-cell super-enhancers and regulate neighboring gene activity. Moreover, ncRNAs present in imprinted regions are involved in pancreas development and β-cell function. Altogether, these observations support significant and important actions of ncRNAs in β-cell development and function.
Iron Biofortified Carioca Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)—Based Brazilian Diet Delivers More Absorbable Iron and Affects the Gut Microbiota In Vivo (Gallus gallus)
Authors: Dias Desirrê Morais , Kolba Nikolai , Binyamin Dana , Ziv Oren , Regini Nutti Marilia , Martino Hércia Stampini Duarte , Glahn Raymond P. , Koren Omry , Tako Elad
Published: December 2018

Biofortification aims to improve the micronutrient concentration and bioavailability in staple food crops. Unlike other strategies utilized to alleviate Fe deficiency, studies of the gut microbiota in the context of Fe biofortification are scarce. In this study, we performed a 6-week feeding trial in Gallus gallus (n = 15), aimed to investigate the Fe status and the alterations in the gut microbiome following the administration of Fe-biofortified carioca bean based diet (BC) versus a Fe-standard carioca bean based diet (SC). The tested diets were designed based on the Brazilian food consumption survey. Two primary outcomes were observed: (1) a significant increase in total body Hb-Fe values in the group receiving the Fe-biofortified carioca bean based diet; and (2) changes in the gut microbiome composition and function were observed, specifically, significant changes in phylogenetic diversity between treatment groups, as there was increased abundance of bacteria linked to phenolic catabolism, and increased abundance of beneficial SCFA-producing bacteria in the BC group. The BC group also presented a higher intestinal villi height compared to the SC group. Our results demonstrate that the Fe-biofortified carioca bean variety was able to moderately improve Fe status and to positively affect the intestinal functionality and bacterial populations.
A Mini Review on Antidiabetic Properties of Fermented Foods
Authors: Sivamaruthi Bhagavathi Sundaram , Kesika Periyanaina , Prasanth Mani Iyer , Chaiyasut Chaiyavat
Published: December 2018

In general, fermented foods (FFs) are considered as functional foods. Since the awareness about the health benefits of FFs has increased, the consumption of FF also improved significantly in recent decades. Diabetes is one of the leading threats of the health span of an individual. The present manuscript details the general methods of the production of FFs, and the results of various studies (in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies) on the antidiabetic properties of FFs. The fermentation method and the active microbes involved in the process play a crucial role in the functional properties of FFs. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have been reported on the health-promoting properties of FFs, such as anti-inflammation, anticancer, antioxidant properties, improved cognitive function and gastrointestinal health, and the reduced presence of metabolic disorders. The studies on the functional properties of FFs by randomized controlled clinical trials using human volunteers are very limited for several reasons, including ethical reasons, safety concerns, approval from the government, etc. Several scientific teams are working on the development of complementary and alternative medicines to improve the treatment strategies for hyperglycemia.
The Dietary Intake and Practices of Adolescent Girls in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Keats Emily C. , Rappaport Aviva I. , Shah Shailja , Oh Christina , Jain Reena , Bhutta Zulfiqar A.
Published: December 2018

In many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) the double burden of malnutrition is high among adolescent girls, leading to poor health outcomes for the adolescent herself and sustained intergenerational effects. This underpins the importance of adequate dietary intake during this period of rapid biological development. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the current dietary intake and practices among adolescent girls (10–19 years) in LMICs. We searched relevant databases and grey literature using MeSH terms and keywords. After applying specified inclusion and exclusion criteria, 227 articles were selected for data extraction, synthesis, and quality assessment. Of the included studies, 59% were conducted in urban populations, 78% in school settings, and dietary measures and indicators were inconsistent. Mean energy intake was lower in rural settings (1621 ± 312 kcal/day) compared to urban settings (1906 ± 507 kcal/day). Self-reported daily consumption of nutritious foods was low; on average, 16% of girls consumed dairy, 46% consumed meats, 44% consumed fruits, and 37% consumed vegetables. In contrast, energy-dense and nutrient-poor foods, like sweet snacks, salty snacks, fast foods, and sugar-sweetened beverages, were consumed four to six times per week by an average of 63%, 78%, 23%, and 49% of adolescent girls, respectively. 40% of adolescent girls reported skipping breakfast. Along with highlighting the poor dietary habits of adolescent girls in LMIC, this review emphasizes the need for consistently measured and standardized indicators, and dietary intake data that are nationally representative.
The Relationship between Dietary Habits and Frailty in Rural Japanese Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Cross-Sectional Observation Study Using a Brief Self-Administered Dietary History Questionnaire
Authors: Tamaki Kayoko , Kusunoki Hiroshi , Tsuji Shotaro , Wada Yosuke , Nagai Koutatsu , Itoh Masako , Sano Kyoko , Amano Manabu , Maeda Hatsuo , Hasegawa Yoko , Kishimoto Hiromitsu , Shimomura Sohji , Shinmura Ken
Published: December 2018

To develop effective nutritional interventions for preventing frailty, the specific problems associated with the dietary habits of individuals based on sex differences must be identified. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between dietary habits and frailty in rural Japanese community-dwelling older adults. We recruited 800 participants, aged 65 and older, who underwent a comprehensive health examination between November 2015 and December 2017. Dietary habits were assessed by a brief self-administered dietary history questionnaire. Frailty was determined using either the Kihon Checklist (KCL) or the Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study (J-CHS). The percentage of frail older adults was 8.4% according to KCL and 4.0% according to J-CHS. Various kinds of nutrient intakes, including three major nutrients, minerals, and vitamins in frail men, according to KCL, were the lowest. By contrast, there were no differences in nutrient intake between the robust, prefrail, and frail female groups according to KCL. We found significant associations of the intakes of soluble dietary fiber, potassium, folate, and vitamin C with a frail status in men (p = 0.035, 0.023. 0.012, and 0.007, respectively), and an association of the intake of vitamin C with a frail status in women (p = 0.027) according to J-CHS. Attention should be paid to the diagnostic criteria of frailty and to sex differences, when nutritional interventions for the prevention of frailty are planned.
Synthesis and Initial In Vivo Evaluation of [11C]AZ683—A Novel PET Radiotracer for Colony Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor (CSF1R)
Authors: Tanzey Sean S. , Shao Xia , Stauff Jenelle , Arteaga Janna , Sherman Phillip , Scott Peter J. H. , Mossine Andrew V.
Published: December 2018

Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of Colony Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor (CSF1R) is a new strategy for quantifying both neuroinflammation and inflammation in the periphery since CSF1R is expressed on microglia and macrophages. AZ683 has high affinity for CSF1R (Ki = 8 nM; IC50 = 6 nM) and >250-fold selectivity over 95 other kinases. In this paper, we report the radiosynthesis of [11C]AZ683 and initial evaluation of its use in CSF1R PET. [11C]AZ683 was synthesized by 11C-methylation of the desmethyl precursor with [11C]MeOTf in 3.0% non-corrected activity yield (based upon [11C]MeOTf), >99% radiochemical purity and high molar activity. Preliminary PET imaging with [11C]AZ683 revealed low brain uptake in rodents and nonhuman primates, suggesting that imaging neuroinflammation could be challenging but that the radiopharmaceutical could still be useful for peripheral imaging of inflammation.
Iron Regulation: Macrophages in Control
Authors: Sukhbaatar Nyamdelger , Weichhart Thomas
Published: December 2018

Macrophages are sentinel cells of the innate immune system and have important functions in development, tissue homeostasis, and immunity. These phylogenetically ancient cells also developed a variety of mechanisms to control erythropoiesis and the handling of iron. Red pulp macrophages in the spleen, Kupffer cells in the liver, and central nurse macrophages in the bone marrow ensure a coordinated metabolism of iron to support erythropoiesis. Phagocytosis of senescent red blood cells by macrophages in the spleen and the liver provide a continuous delivery of recycled iron under steady-state conditions and during anemic stress. Central nurse macrophages in the bone marrow utilize this iron and provide a cellular scaffold and niche to promote differentiation of erythroblasts. This review focuses on the role of the distinct macrophage populations that contribute to efficient iron metabolism and highlight important cellular and systemic mechanisms involved in iron-regulating processes.
SPC Liposomes as Possible Delivery Systems for Improving Bioavailability of the Natural Sesquiterpene β-Caryophyllene: Lamellarity and Drug-Loading as Key Features for a Rational Drug Delivery Design
Authors: Di Sotto Antonella , Paolicelli Patrizia , Nardoni Martina , Abete Lorena , Garzoli Stefania , Di Giacomo Silvia , Mazzanti Gabriela , Casadei Maria Antonietta , Petralito Stefania
Published: December 2018

The natural sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene (CRY) has been highlighted to possess interesting pharmacological potentials, particularly due to its chemopreventive and analgesic properties. However, the poor solubility of this sesquiterpene in aqueous fluids can hinder its uptake into cells, resulting in inconstant responses of biological systems, thus limiting its application. Therefore, identifying a suitable pharmaceutical form for increasing CRY bioavailability represents an important requirement for exploiting its pharmacological potential. In the present study, the ability of soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC) liposomes to improve bioavailability and absorption of CRY in cancer cells has been evaluated. Liposomal formulations of CRY, differing for lamellarity (i.e., unilamellar and multilamellar vesicles or ULV and MLV) and for the drug loading (i.e., 1:0.1, 1:0.3 and 1:0.5 mol/mol between SPC and CRY) were designed with the aim of maximizing CRY amount in the liposome bilayer, while avoiding its leakage during storage. The low-loaded formulations significantly potentiated the antiproliferative activity of CRY in both HepG2 and MDA-MB-468 cells, reaching a maximum IC50 lowering (from two to five folds) with 1:0.3 and 1:0.1 SPC/CRY MLV. Conversely, increasing liposome drug-loading reduced the ability for CRY release, likely due to a possible interaction between SPC and CRY that affects the membrane properties, as confirmed by physical measures.
Food Bioactive Compounds and Their Interference in Drug Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Profiles
Authors: Briguglio Matteo , Hrelia Silvana , Malaguti Marco , Serpe Loredana , Canaparo Roberto , Dell’Osso Bernardo , Galentino Roberta , De Michele Sara , Zanaboni Dina Carlotta , Porta Mauro , Banfi Giuseppe
Published: December 2018

Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that many food molecules could interact with drug transporters and metabolizing enzymes through different mechanisms, which are predictive of what would be observed clinically. Given the recent incorporation of dietary modifications or supplements in traditional medicine, an increase in potential food-drug interactions has also appeared. The objective of this article is to review data regarding the influence of food on drug efficacy. Data from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus databases was reviewed for publications on pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic mechanisms. The following online resources were used to integrate functional and bioinformatic results: FooDB, Phenol-Explorer, Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases, DrugBank, UniProt, and IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology. A wide range of food compounds were shown to interact with proteins involved in drug pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles, starting from drug oral bioavailability to enteric/hepatic transport and metabolism, blood transport, and systemic transport/metabolism. Knowledge of any food components that may interfere with drug efficacy is essential, and would provide a link for obtaining a holistic view for cancer, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, or neurological therapies. However, preclinical interaction may be irrelevant to clinical interaction, and health professionals should be aware of the limitations if they intend to optimize the therapeutic effects of drugs.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of Cellulose Acetate Butyrate as Microsphere Wall Materials for Sustained Release of Emamectin Benzoate
Authors: Huang Aimin , Li Xuanhai , Liang Xingtang , Zhang Yanjuan , Hu Huayu , Yin Yanzhen , Huang Zuqiang
Published: December 2018

Emamectin benzoate (EB), a widely used pesticide, is prone to decomposition by ultraviolet light and suffers from the corresponding loss of efficacy. The timed release of EB based on microspheres is one of the effective methods to solve this issue. As a non-toxic cellulose ester, cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) is regarded as one of the best wall-forming materials for microcapsules with a good controlled release performance. Herein, two methods—mechanical activation (MA) technology and a conventional liquid phase (LP) method—were employed to synthesize different CABs, namely CAB-MA and CAB-LP, respectively. The molecular structure, rheological property, and thermal stability of these CABs were investigated. The two CABs were used to prepare microspheres for the loading and release of EB via an o/w (oil-in-water) solvent evaporation method. Moreover, the performances such as drug loading, drug entrapment, and anti-photolysis of the drug for these microspheres were studied. The results showed that both CABs were available as wall materials for loading and releasing EB. Compared with CAB-LP, CAB-MA presented a lower molecular weight and a narrower molecular weight distribution. Moreover, the MA method endowed the CAB with more ester substituent groups and less crystalline structure in comparison to the LP method, which had benefits including pelletizing and drug loading.
Single Local Injection of Epigallocatechin Gallate-Modified Gelatin Attenuates Bone Resorption and Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Mice
Authors: Katsumata Yuta , Kanzaki Hiroyuki , Honda Yoshitomo , Tanaka Tomonari , Yamaguchi Yuuki , Itohiya Kanako , Fukaya Sari , Miyamoto Yutaka , Narimiya Tsuyoshi , Wada Satoshi , Nakamura Yoshiki
Published: December 2018

Osteoclastic bone resorption enables orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in orthodontic treatment. Previously, we demonstrated that local epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) injection successfully slowed the rate of OTM; however, repeat injections were required. In the present study, we produced a liquid form of EGCG-modified gelatin (EGCG-GL) and examined the properties of EGCG-GL with respect to prolonging EGCG release, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation, osteoclastogenesis inhibition, bone destruction, and OTM. We found EGCG-GL both prolonged the release of EGCG and induced the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes, such as heme oxygenase 1 (Hmox1) and glutamate-cysteine ligase (Gclc), in the mouse macrophage cell line, RAW264.7. EGCG-GL attenuated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were induced by the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL) and inhibited RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis in vitro. An animal model of bone destruction, induced by repeat Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-injections into the calvaria of male BALB/c mice, revealed that a single injection of EGCG-GL on day-1 could successfully inhibit LPS-mediated bone destruction. Additionally, experimental OTM of maxillary first molars in male mice was attenuated by a single EGCG-GL injection on day-1. In conclusion, EGCG-GL prolongs the release of EGCG and inhibits osteoclastogenesis via the attenuation of intracellular ROS signaling through the increased expression of antioxidant enzymes. These results indicate EGCG-GL would be a beneficial therapeutic approach both in destructive bone disease and in controlling alveolar bone metabolism.
Facile Fabrication of Multi-Structured SiO2@PVDF-HFP Nanofibrous Membranes for Enhanced Copper Ions Adsorption
Authors: Pi Haohong , Wang Rui , Ren Baona , Zhang Xiuqin , Wu Jing
Published: December 2018

The low-cost, heavy metal ion (Cu(II)) adsorptive multi-structured nanofibrous membranes of silicon oxide naonoparticles in-situ anchored polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (SiO2@PVDF-HFP) fibers were fabricated by the facile electrospinning technique combined with sol–gel strategy. To explore the benefits of the structure-related Cu(II) adsorption capacity, the fiber diameters of SiO2@PVDF-HFP nanofibrous membranes were changed which also resulted in the change of their porosity. Taking advantage of the constructed multi-structures and efficient fiber morphology regulation which not only changed the PVDF-HFP nanofibrous membrane from hydrophobic to superhydrophilic but also increased the porosity of the membrane, the SiO2@PVDF-HFP nanofibrous membrane with a smaller diameter and a larger porosity exhibits higher Cu(II) adsorption capacity. The adsorption amount was approximate to 21.9 mg per gram of the membrane, which was higher than that of membranes with larger fiber diameter (smaller porosity) and the smooth one. Furthermore, the model isotherms of Freundlich and Langmuir, as well as the kinetic models of pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order were preferred to analyze the adsorption equilibrium data. The Freundlich model and the pseudo-first-order were well fitted to the adsorption experimental data. It not only uncovers the structure-related-property of multi-structured nanofibrous membranes, but also provides an efficient and facile way to design heavy metal ion adsorption materials.
Process Evaluation of the Metal-Organic Frameworks for the Application of Personal Protective Equipment with Filtration Function
Authors: Hong Yan , Liu Chunyu , Cao Xuechun , Chen Yu , Chen Chen , Chen Yan , Pan Zhijuan
Published: December 2018

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been regarded as an ideal material for the development of functional textiles with filtration function. Such functional textiles with filtration function can be further used to develop personal protective equipment, such as protective masks. This paper focuses on the comparisons of different processes when applying MOFs to conventional textiles. Two different processes existing in the literature, namely the electrospinning method and hot-pressing method, are discussed in this paper. Materials loaded with MOFs developed with these two processes are evaluated and compared, regarding the adsorption of dyes in water and the removal of pollutants. Experiment results indicate that the hot-pressing method is more advantageous when applying MOF to textiles, in terms of adsorption and removal efficiency.
Microdrilling of Through-Holes in Flexible Printed Circuits Using Picosecond Ultrashort Pulse Laser
Authors: Zhao Wanqin , Wang Lingzhi
Published: December 2018

High density and high quality interconnects are necessary for the preparation of miniaturized and lightweight electronic products. Therefore, small-diameter and high-density through-holes in FPCs (Flexible Printed Circuits) are required. However, the current processing methods cannot further decrease the diameters and improve the quality of through-holes. Comparatively, ultrashort pulse laser is a good choice. In this paper, the processing technology for the microdrilling of through-holes in FPCs using a 10 ps pulse laser was systematically studied. The effects of laser parameters, including the wavelength, energy, pulses and polarization, on the drilling of through-holes were investigated. The various processing parameters were optimized and the plausible reasons were discussed. Finally, the desired small-diameter and high-density through-holes in FPCs were obtained. The experimental results showed that, through-holes with diameters of less than 10 µm and inlet interconnection pitches of 0~2 µm could be successfully drilled in FPCs using ultrashort pulse laser.
The Exilic Imperative of American Jewry
Authors: Alexander Michael S.
Published: December 2018

This article considers the existence of an exilic imperative in the historical and identity hermeneutics of American Jewry. Author considers cases of (1) American Jewish identification with racial outsiders, including the appropriation of historical, cultural, and religious forms; (2) the persistent creation of American Jewish ethnoburbs, unlike other white ethnic groups; and (3) the creation of exilic fantasy literature by American Jewish novelists. The author suggests that although American conditions do not justify interpretations of Jewish social alienation, American Jews have nevertheless applied traditional Jewish exilic hermeneutics to those American conditions.
Phantasmagorical Buddhism: Dreams and Imagination in the Creation of Burmese Sacred Space
Authors: Patton Thomas Nathan
Published: December 2018

Despite the growing research done on sacred spaces in Buddhist Myanmar, no attention has yet been given to the role dreams play in the selection and development of such spaces. This article will address this lacuna by exploring how dreams are regarded by 20th–21st centuries Buddhists in Myanmar, as evidenced in autobiographies, ethnographic work, and popular literature in relation to the creation and evolution of sacred places. Although there are many kinds of sacred sites in Myanmar, this article will look specifically at Buddhist stupas, commonly referred to in Burmese as, pagoda or zedi. These pagodas, found in nearly every part of Buddhist Myanmar, are also those structures most prevalent in Buddhist dream accounts and often take on phantasmagorical qualities when those same Buddhists attempt to recreate the pagodas of their dreams.
Minjung Theology in Contemporary Korea: Liberation Theology and a Reconsideration of Secularization Theory
Authors: Kim Andrew Eungi
Published: December 2018

The Sewol Ferry tragedy in April 2014 has drawn a renewed attention to the role of religion in South Korea. Theologians and religiously-motivated NGOs in Korea at the time and thereafter have called for the need for religion, and religious organizations, to become more actively involved with societal needs, especially after disasters, to help alleviate their pain by providing relief aid and counselling. Such calls for the greater involvement of religion in relief efforts have coincided with Pope Francis’ repeated calls for the Catholic Church’s greater involvement in social affairs on behalf of the poor and the underprivileged. This paper contends that these developments in and outside of Korea provide an opportune time to renew discussion on oft-misunderstood liberation theology. This is because the latter’s advocacy of an interpretation of the teachings of Jesus Christ from the perspective of the poor and the marginalized for the purpose of alleviating unjust economic, social, or political conditions is as compelling today as it was some 60 years ago when it first arose. The paper offers a reassessment of the role of religion in light of liberation theology, arguing that religion can make itself more relevant to people’s lives today by engaging more actively with social issues. The paper will pay special attention to liberation theology in the Korean context, namely minjungshinhak or “people’s theology.” The paper also discusses the implications of liberation theology for secularization theory, arguing, among others, that the former refutes the “decline of religion” thesis of the latter, since liberation theology manifests a different role of religion in contemporary society rather than its diminishing significance.
Analysis of Mining Waste Dump Site Stability Based on Multiple Remote Sensing Technologies
Authors: Wei Lianhuan , Zhang Yun , Zhao Zhanguo , Zhong Xiaoyu , Liu Shanjun , Mao Yachun , Li Jiayu
Published: December 2018

The mining waste of open pit mines is usually piled-up in dump sites, making a man-made hill more than tens of meters high. Because of the loose structure of the dump sites, landslides or debris flow may occur after heavy rainfall, threatening local lives and properties. Therefore, dump stability analysis is crucial for ensuring local safety. In this paper, a collaborative stability analysis based on multiple remote sensing technologies was innovatively conducted at the Xudonggou dump of the Anqian iron mine. A small baseline subset (SBAS) analysis was used to derive the spatial and temporal distributions of displacements in the line-of sight (LOS) over the whole study area. The deformation in LOS is translated to the slope direction based on an assumption that displacements only occur parallel to the slope surface. Infrared Thermography (IRT) technology was used to detect weak aquifer layers located at the toe of possible landslide bodies. Then, numerical simulations based on the limit equilibrium method were conducted to calculate the factor of safety for three profiles located on the dump site. The results, emerging from multiple remote sensing technologies, were very consistent and, eventually, the landslide hazard zone of the Xudonggou dump site was outlined.
Correction: Mõttus, M. et al. Measurement of Diurnal Variation in Needle PRI and Shoot Photosynthesis in a Boreal Forest. Remote Sens. 2018, 10, 1019
Authors: Mõttus Matti , Hernández-Clemente Rocío , Perheentupa Viljami , Markiet Vincent , Aalto Juho , Bäck Jaana , Nichol Caroline
Published: December 2018

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Cloud Effective Emissivity Retrievals Using Combined Ground-Based Infrared Cloud Measuring Instrument and Ceilometer Observations
Authors: Liu Lei , Zhang Ting , Wu Yi , Niu Zhencong , Wang Qi
Published: December 2018

In this paper, a new inversion procedure for cloud effective emissivity retrievals using a combined ground-based infrared cloud measuring instrument with ceilometer was developed. A quantitative sensitivity and performance analysis of the proposed method was also provided. It was found that the uncertainty of the derived effective emissivity was mainly associated with errors on the measurement radiance, the simulated radiance of clear sky and blackbody cloudy sky. Furthermore, the retrieval at low effective emissivity was most sensitive to the simulated clear sky radiances, whereas the blackbody cloudy sky radiance was the prevailing source of uncertainty at high emissivity. This newly proposed procedure was applied to the measurement taken in the CMA Beijing Observatory Station from November 2011 to June 2012 by the whole-sky infrared cloud-measuring system (WSIRCMS) and CYY-2B ceilometer. The cloud effective emissivity measurements were in good agreement with that of the MODIS/AQUA MYD06 Collection 6 (C6) cloud products. The mean difference between them was 0.03, with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.71. The results demonstrate that the retrieval method is robust and reliable.
Satellite and In Situ Observations for Advancing Global Earth Surface Modelling: A Review
Authors: Balsamo Gianpaolo , Agusti-Panareda Anna , Albergel Clement , Arduini Gabriele , Beljaars Anton , Bidlot Jean , Blyth Eleanor , Bousserez Nicolas , Boussetta Souhail , Brown Andy , Buizza Roberto , Buontempo Carlo , Chevallier Frédéric , Choulga Margarita , Cloke Hannah , Cronin Meghan F. , Dahoui Mohamed , De Rosnay Patricia , Dirmeyer Paul A. , Drusch Matthias , Dutra Emanuel , Ek Michael B. , Gentine Pierre , Hewitt Helene , Keeley Sarah P.E. , Kerr Yann , Kumar Sujay , Lupu Cristina , Mahfouf Jean-François , McNorton Joe , Mecklenburg Susanne , Mogensen Kristian , Muñoz-Sabater Joaquín , Orth Rene , Rabier Florence , Reichle Rolf , Ruston Ben , Pappenberger Florian , Sandu Irina , Seneviratne Sonia I. , Tietsche Steffen , Trigo Isabel F. , Uijlenhoet Remko , Wedi Nils , Woolway R. Iestyn , Zeng Xubin
Published: December 2018

In this paper, we review the use of satellite-based remote sensing in combination with in situ data to inform Earth surface modelling. This involves verification and optimization methods that can handle both random and systematic errors and result in effective model improvement for both surface monitoring and prediction applications. The reasons for diverse remote sensing data and products include (i) their complementary areal and temporal coverage, (ii) their diverse and covariant information content, and (iii) their ability to complement in situ observations, which are often sparse and only locally representative. To improve our understanding of the complex behavior of the Earth system at the surface and sub-surface, we need large volumes of data from high-resolution modelling and remote sensing, since the Earth surface exhibits a high degree of heterogeneity and discontinuities in space and time. The spatial and temporal variability of the biosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere and anthroposphere calls for an increased use of Earth observation (EO) data attaining volumes previously considered prohibitive. We review data availability and discuss recent examples where satellite remote sensing is used to infer observable surface quantities directly or indirectly, with particular emphasis on key parameters necessary for weather and climate prediction. Coordinated high-resolution remote-sensing and modelling/assimilation capabilities for the Earth surface are required to support an international application-focused effort.