bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using a functional field to assess the effectiveness of a robotic terrain monitoring system
Authors:   State University of Telecommunications, Mykolaychuk V. R.
Published: July 2021

Currently, systems equipped with scanning equipment and a variety of sensors are increasingly used to monitor the area. At the same time, the growing need to automate the monitoring of closed and open areas stimulated the development of robotic systems and mobile sensors. Mobile and multifunctional robots are usually accepted as a means to reduce the structuring of the environment and the number of devices required to perform the tasks. However, the number of different sensors installed on the robotic system and the number of complex tasks related to intelligence, monitoring and surveillance make the design of the overall system extremely complex. Construction of a robotic monitoring system requires appropriate scientific justification. This raises the need to develop appropriate theoretical provisions, especially in relation to assessing the effectiveness of the system. As the robotic terrain monitoring system is dynamic due to the use of mobile elements, it makes it difficult to assess its effectiveness. The structure of the system assumes the dependence of the efficiency of each element of the system on its spatio-temporal location and the corresponding location of the monitoring objectives. The aim of the article is to use the functional field of the system to evaluate the effectiveness of the robotic area monitoring system. From the above it follows the need to develop mathematical models of the structure of the robotic system for monitoring the area and its functioning. Thus, as a result of construction and application of a system with a dynamic structure in the space of functioning of the system, its functional field is formed. A functional model based on the functional field of the system with a dynamic structure is proposed, which will allow solving the problems of building the structure of the system and evaluating its efficiency. The procedure for determining the parameters of the functional field of a system with a dynamic structure is much simpler than determining the numerical values of system performance indicators. This will ensure sufficient accuracy of the results and simplicity of computational procedures.
Experience of Out-of-Placeness in Diane Glancy's The Reason for Crows
Authors: Rehman Fasih ur , Ifzal Muhammad Owais , Sadiq Rao Aisha
Published: July 2021

With the theory of Moss and Dyck, this study discusses Diane Glancy's The Reason for Crows to understand the insinuations of sensuous geography. This study maintains how in the wake of out-of-place identity within Native American space, Glancy uses sensory experiences as material practices to counter a sense of out-of-placeness. Such multisensory experiences help her native characters locate themselves in both the textual and Native American space. This study explores Diane Glancy's The Reason for Crows not only to find out the reasons due to which the Native Americans develop an acute sense of out-of-placeness within Native American spaces but also the geographies of illness and disability to investigate how Native Americans create and contest their space and place.
FORECASTING TOURISM MARKET DEMAND IN HUNAN PROVINCE USING ARIMA MODEL
Authors: Qin Quan
Published: July 2021

Hunan Province is a province with large tourism resources, and it’s tourism occupies a significant position in economic development. In recent years, Hunan province is in a critical period of transition from a major tourist province to a staggering tourist province. Therefore it is of great significance to analyze and predict the development trend of the future tourism market demand in Hunan Province and provide the government and tourism enterprise managers with the scientific market decision. Based on time-series analysis and forecasting theory, this paper attempts to use the time-series data of the number of domestic tourists in Hunan Province which from 2000 to 2019 and construct model autoregressive and integrated moving average (ARIMA) to predict the number of tourists in the Hunan Province in the next four years. The results show that the error between the predicted value and the true value is small. Therefore, the prediction effect of the model is well, which will provide a theoretical basis for the government to establish relevant policies. However, considering the characteristics of time-series data, the model needs to be further revised and even effectively combined with other models to gain better forecasting results.
“Doppler de-boosting” and the observation of “Standard candles” in cosmology
Authors:   Shiny World Corporation, Concord, L4K 0C0, Canada., Zilberman Mark
Published: July 2021

“Doppler boosting” is a well-known relativistic effect that alters the apparent luminosity of approaching radiation sources. “Doppler de-boosting” is the name of relativistic effect observed for receding light sources (e.g. relativistic jets of active galactic nuclei and gamma-ray bursts). “Doppler boosting” changes the apparent luminosity of approaching light sources to appear brighter, while “Doppler de-boosting” causes the apparent luminosity of receding light sources to appear fainter. While “Doppler de-boosting” has been successfully accounted for and observed in relativistic jets of AGN, it was ignored in the establishment of Standard candles for cosmological distances. A Standard candle adjustment of an Z>0.1 is necessary for “Doppler de-boosting”, otherwise we would incorrectly assume that Standard Candles appear dimmer not because of “Doppler de-boosting” but because of the excessive distance, which would affect the entire Standard Candles ladder at cosmological distances. The ratio between apparent (L) and intrinsic (Lo) luminosities as a function of the redshift Z and spectral index α is given by the formula ℳ(Z) = L/Lo=(Z+1)α -3 and for Type Ia supernova appears as ℳ(Z) = L/Lo=(Z+1)-2. “Doppler de-boosting” may also explain the anomalously low luminosity of objects with a high Z without the introduction of an accelerated expansion of the Universe and Dark Energy.
AUTOMATED MODELING AND FORECASTING SYSTEM OF ENTERPRISE ACTIVITIES
Authors: Khariv A. , Lagun A.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Mathematical methods and models are an effective tool for studying complex economic systems at different levels of enterprise management. Economic mathematical modelling is actively developing not only as a scien-tific field but also as a means of substantiating management decisions in business, in the analysis and forecasting of socio-economic processes and phenomena. In the arsenal of economic and mathematical modelling now are using- modern computing methods and computer technology. Libraries of economic and mathematical models are an integral part of the architecture of decision support systems in specific areas of the economy. The rapid development of computer technology stimulates the emergence and formation of new theoretical volumes and applied areas of modelling.Purpose. Like any large and complex field of knowledge, mathematical modelling is evolving in different direc-tions, acquiring new flexible research methods. Therefore, based on new hardware, technology and software platforms it is necessary to create new information systems using economic and mathematical models in particular for forecasting of enterprise activities.Results. The article analyses the methods of modelling and forecasting the enterprise, considers the principles of software design. Using systems analysis, the design problem was analytically divided into parts. Also were investigated the connections and relationships between these parts, in particular, were implemented the problem tree and the goal tree. Implemented business process modelling performs based on created structural-logical diagrams, namely the IDEF0 dia-gram, which helps to visually display data and information that affect software development, a server part, input data and users. Using the results of research, the authors developed an automated information system for modelling and forecasting the activities of the enterprise, which uses models of Holt, Brown, exponential smoothing and Box-Jenkins for modelling. Part of the developed system is a designed software product that implements the objectives of the research. The obtained program results allow creating a clear forecast of the future activities of the enterprise.Conclusions. Based on the built graphs of modelling and forecasting of the Cisco Systems company financial activity with using of the developed automated system, we established that the Brown model is the best for providing educational sampling and a forecast of activity. The development of the automated system in the future involves the expansion of functionality, improvement and increasing of quality, as well as the creation of powerful analytics for more detailed forecasting.
EFFICIENCY OF THE HEATING SYSTEM OF THE DRIVER'S WORKPLACE AND THE VESSEL OF THE WINDSHIELD OF BUSES
Authors: Niemyi S. , Brytkovskyi V.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. One of the dominant areas of improvement of motor vehicles is to improve traffic safety. An im-portant aspect of bus safety is visibility from the driver's workplace, which largely depends on the condition of the wind-shield, especially the absence of fogging and frost, which often occurs at low ambient temperatures.Methodically, this problem is eliminated by blowing the windshield with warm air. Structurally, this is done by devices that, in addition to blowing the windshield, also supply warm air to the driver's workplace. Fogging and icing of the windshield significantly impair the visibility of the road driver, which is a great danger in the movement of the bus. Elimination of icing and fogging of windows provides an increase of visibility and guarantee of safety of driving.An important place is also occupied by the problem of reducing heating systems and blowing operating energy costs, improving the fuel economy of buses.Results. The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of the windshield blowing devices of the bus depending on their design features. As criteria in researches productivity of system blowing, its power consumption and level of noise loading of the driver are accepted.To select a fan with optimal characteristics when used in the device for blowing the windshield of buses and heating the driver's workplace, axial fans were tested. They are using in heating and ventilation systems of buses of different models. It is experimentally established that the fan of the Elko-A200-22 model (Italy) has the best characteris-tics. In the whole range of speed changes, the performance of this fan is much higher compared to other models of the tested fans, which, at the same time, have much higher specific energy consumption. In addition, the fan of this model is characterized by a lower noise level compared to fans of other models with the same outer diameters.Conclusions. Analysis of experimental data shows that the performance of the front heater with two fans and one fan is almost the same. At identical speed modes of operation, the productivity of two fans running in parallel is higher by only 3 ... 16.75%. When measuring the speed of air movement when blowing the windshield, it was found that the speed of blowing does not depend on the number of fans and depends on their performance and the diameter of the air supply hoses to the blowing nozzles.The reason for the lower efficiency of heaters with two fans is that at the outlet after the radiator, in the limited volume of the heater housing, two fans create a much greater aerodynamic drag (back pressure) than one fan.The use of one fan instead of two in the design of bus heaters reduces the electricity consumption of the bus and improves the working conditions of the driver by reducing the noise level at his workplace.
FIRE HAZARD AND PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES FOR EPOXY-AMINE COMPOSITES CONTAINING THE [Cu(DETA)(H2O)]SO4·H2O FLAME RETARDANT-HARDENER
Authors: Pastuhov P. , Petrovskii V. , Lavrenyuk O. , Mykhalitchko B.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. The rapid growth of production rates and the use of polymer materials in various fields has brought about an increase in the number of fires caused by the ignition of polymer products. Among the most common polymer materials are materials based on epoxy resins. They are used in such industries as construction, electrical engineering and radio engineering, shipbuilding, mechanical engineering, including automotive, aerospace and rocketry, etc. Due to its organic structure, high content of carbon and hydrogen, epoxy polymers are very combustible. Their combustion is characterized by high temperature and more flame propagation rate. And it is accompanied by significant smoke formation and the release of large amounts of toxic products. Therefore, the search for new ways to reduce combustibility and maintain the proper level of performance is one of the priorities in the development and implementation of new epoxy polymer materials in various fields. Purpose. The work aims to obtain epoxy-amine composites and to discover the effect of flame retardant-hardener on their fire hazard and physical and mechanical properties.Methods. In work used Modern research methods. The flame propagation rate was determined by UL94, the coefficient of smoke was measured by ASTM E662-19, physical and mechanical properties were evaluated by measuring parameters such as surface hardness, tensile strength, water absorption and chemical resistance.Results. The parameters of fire danger of epoxy-amine composites with different content of flame retardant (0, 5, 16 and 80 mass parts) were studied. The results of experimental studies showed that the flame propagation rate and the smoke formation coefficient in the mode of smouldering and combustion are minimal for epoxy-amine composites containing 16 and 80 mass parts of flame retardant. Such compositions have higher surface hardness and tensile strength. And they also well as more resistant to water and aggressive environments compared to unmodified ones.Conclusion. The paper presents a simple and commercially attractive method of obtaining epoxy-amine composites con-taining different amounts of flame retardant – copper(II) sulfate. It is necessary, the obtained samples of the composites are homogeneous in structure. These should be considered as individual chemicals, not as mixtures. Chemical bonding of all components of the composites, namely the appearance of additional (compared to the unmodified composite) Cu(II)–N coordination bonds in the polymer framework DGEBA/DETA-CuSO4, is reflected in the enhanced physical and mechanical properties and fire hazard reduction for this type of composite materials.
El cooperativismo y su contribución al desarrollo local: Estudio de caso en el Municipio Cienfuegos
Authors: Vila Pérez Olga Lourdes , Alarcón Guerra Alina del Carmen , Acosta Morales Yaumara , Pino Alonso Jesús René
Published: July 2021

Este artículo estudia los fundamentos conceptuales del cooperativismo en la transición socialista cubana, tomando en cuenta las contribuciones de diferentes autores y la experiencia de esta forma de organización de la producción. Además, se analiza la situación de las cooperativas agropecuarias y no agropecuarias para, de esta forma, lograr delimitar un grupo de experiencias positivas y negativas que favorezcan al desarrollo del territorio de Cienfuegos. Como resultado esencial, se identifican las potencialidades y restricciones del cooperativismo en esta localidad. La investigación contribuye a la concepción e implementación de estrategias y políticas de gobierno vinculadas al desarrollo local, con el objetivo de incrementar la producción de alimentos como el elemento prioritario de la economía nacional, promover nuevas vías de empleo y elevar la calidad de vida de la población. Esta temática responde al Programa de Soberanía Alimentaria en Cuba, a la Agenda 2030 y a los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible para América Latina como región, entre otros documentos relevantes.
Hubungan antara Frekuensi Penggunaan Media Pendidikan dengan Motivasi Belajar Mahasiswa
Authors: Ismail Ismail , Farahsanti Isna
Published: July 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui adakah hubungan yang signifikan antara penggunaan media pendidikan dengan motivasi belajar mahasiswa FKIP Univet Bantara Sukoharjo. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa FKIP Univet Bantara Sukoharjo yang berjumlah 1130, sedangkan sampelnya adalah sebagian dari populasi yang berjumlah 113 mahasiswa dengan cara pengambilan sampelnya adalah proporsional random sampling, cara pengambilan data dengan metode angket yang digunakan untuk mengungkap data tentang frekuensi penggunaan media dan motivasi belajar mahasiswa sedangkan analisis data dengan menggunakan teknik korelasi serial. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada korelasi positif signifikan antara frekuensi penggunaan media pendidikan dengan motivasi belajar mahasiswa FKIP Univet Bantara Sukoharjo, dengan demikian semakin tinggi frekeunsi penggunaan media pendidikan maka semakin tinggi motivasi belajar mahasiswa sebaliknya semakin rendah frekuensi penggunaan media pendidikan maka semakin rendah pula motivasi belajar mahasiswa
Investigasi Perubahan Gaya Belajar Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran: Penelitian Longitudinal
Authors: Akbar Surya
Published: July 2021

Gaya belajar mahasiswa dapat bervariasi dari visual, auditori, dan kinestetik. Beberapa penelitian memperlihatkan adanya perubahan gaya belajar seiring dengan waktu. Namun, pada beberapa penelitian lainnya hal ini tidak tergambarkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan gaya belajar mahasiswa selama mengikuti kegiatan belajar mengajar. Desain penelitian kohort digunakan pada penelitian ini. Sebanyak 63 responden mengikuti penelitian ini. Pengukuran dilakukan dua kali, yaitu pada saat responden berada ditahun pertama dan tahun ketiga saat mengikuti program pendidikan dokter. Data yang didapat akan dianalisis secara deskriptif dan analitik. Uji analitik yang digunakan adalah uji alternatif Chi-Square yaitu uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z. Hasil pengukuran didapatkan mayoritas gaya belajar mahasiswa baik ditahun pertama atau tahun ketiga dalam kategori unimodal. Gaya belajar unimodal terbanyak adalah visual, diikuti dengan auditori dan kinestetik. Gaya belajar bimodal terbanyak adalah visual kinestetik. Uji komparasi gaya belajar tahun pertama dengan tahun ketiga didapatkan nilai p=0,832 (p<0,05). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara gaya belajar mahasiswa ditahun pertama dengan tahun ketiga. Namun, terdapat perubahan gaya belajar mahasiswa seiring dengan waktu. Karakteristik institusi dapat menjadi faktor yang mempengaruhi gaya belajar mahasiswa. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk menganalisis hal tersebut.
A Hybrid-FES Based Control System for Knee Joint Movement Control
Authors:   Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran., Rastegar Mojdeh , Kobravi Hamid Reza ,   Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Utilizing Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) and rehabilitation robots for motion control is an open research problem. In this paper, a new control algorithm has been proposed which was de-signed based on a combination of FES and an active mechanical actuator to control the knee joint movement. Methods: An adaptive controller and a Proportional-Derivative (PD) controller have adjusted the mo-tor torque and stimulation intensity, respectively. The FES controller was activated whenever a dis-turbance observer detected the presence of the external disturbance. In this manner, the occurrence of the muscle fatigue arises from the FES can be postponed. Results: The simulation studies were carried out on a model of muscle-joint system along with a model of a servo-motor. The computed RMS of the tracking errors compared to the range of knee motion show that the tracking performance is acceptable. In this research, the trajectories envisioned as the knee joint reference trajectory were designed using the recorded human data. Conclusion: The achieved results prove the ability of the proposed control strategy to not only reject the external disturbance but also compensate the muscle fatigue.
Role of Amygdala-Infralimbic Cortex Circuitry in Glucocorticoid-induced Facilitation of Auditory Fear Memory Extinction
Authors:   Research Center of Physiology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran., Vafaei Abbas Ali , Rashidy-Pour Ali ,   Research Center of Physiology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran., Trahomi Parnia ,   Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran., Omoumi Samira ,   Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran., Dadkhah Masoomeh ,   Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The basolateral amygdala (BLA) and infralimbic area (IL) of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are two interconnected brain structures that mediate both fear memory expression and extinction. Besides the well-known role of the BLA in the acquisition and expression of fear memory, projections from IL to BLA inhibit fear expression and have a critical role in fear extinction. However, the details of IL-BLA interaction have remained unclear. Here, we investigated the role of functional reciprocal interactions between BLA and IL in mediating fear memory extinction. Methods: Using lidocaine (LID), male rats underwent unilateral or bilateral inactivation of the BLA and then unilateral intra-IL infusion of corticosterone (CORT) prior to extinction training of the auditory fear conditioning paradigm. Freezing behavior was reported as an index for conditioned fear. Infusions were performed before the extinction training, allowing us to examine the effects on fear expression and further extinction memory. Experiments 1-3 investigated the effects of left or right infusion of CORT into IL and LID unilaterally into BLA on fear memory extinction. Results: Intra-IL infusion of CORT in the right hemisphere reduced freezing behavior when administrated before the extinction training. Auditory fear memory extinction was impaired by asymmetric inactivation of BLA and CORT infusion in the right IL; however, the same effect was not observed with symmetric inactivation of BLA. Conclusion: IL-BLA neural circuit may provide additional evidence for the contribution of this circuit to auditory fear extinction. This study demonstrates dissociable roles for right or left BLA in subserving the auditory fear extinction. Our finding also raises the possibility that left BLA-IL circuitry may mediate auditory fear memory extinction via underlying mechanisms. However, further research is required in this area.
Complete Blood Count Parameters as Prognostic Factor of Stroke: A Systematic Review
Authors:   Emergency Medicine Research Team, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Shams Vahdati Samad , Ala Alireza ,   Emergency Medicine Research Team, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Vahed Nafiseh ,   Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Mohammadi Sahar ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran., Ameli Hoorolnesa ,   Clinical Research Development Center, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Stroke is known as a common cause of disability all over the world. Stroke prognosis estimation has always been a topic of interest. In this study, it was tried to investigate the prognostic value of laboratory findings of complete blood count in a systematic review. Methods: In this systematic review, literature from Medline via (PubMed, Ovid) Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest between 1988 and 2020 were included. A combination of Mesh and free terms were included in the search strategy: “Stroke”, “Red Cell Distribution Width”, “Blood Cell Count”, “Mean corpuscular hemoglobin”, and “Mean Corpuscular Volume” and with the abbreviation, in all fields. Data synthesis was achieved using content analysis. Results: Elevated red blood cell distribution width was associated with stroke, cardiovascular events, and all-cause deaths among patients with prior stroke. Mean platelet volume has not any prognostic significance in ischemic stroke. There was a poor association between mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and stroke prognosis. Globulin and hemoglobin level predicted short-term mortality following acute ischemic stroke. Conclusion: Complete blood count as a routine and efficient test performed in health care centers can be used to estimate the prognosis of stroke.
Applications of Electrical Impedance Tomography in Neurology
Authors:   Amol Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Mirhoseini Mehri , Rezanejad Gatabi Zahra ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Das Sayantan ,   Faculty/College of Science and Mathematics, Texas A&M University, San Antonio, United States., Joveini Sepideh ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Rezanezhad Gatabi Iman ,   Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States.
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive technique utilized in various medical applications, including brain imaging and other neurological diseases. Recognizing the physiological and anatomical characteristics of organs based on their electrical properties is one of the main applications of EIT, as each variety of tissue structure has its own electrical characteristics. The high potential of brain EIT is established in real-time supervision and early recognition of cerebral brain infarction, hemorrhage, and other diseases. In this paper, we review the studies on the neurological applications of EIT. Methods: EIT calculates the internal electrical conductivity distribution of an organ by measuring its surface impedance. A series of electrodes are placed on the surface of the target tissue, and small alternating currents are injected. The related voltages are then observed and analyzed. The electrical permittivity and conductivity distributions inside the tissue are reconstructed by measuring the electrode voltages. Results: The electrical characteristic of biological tissues is remarkably dependent on their structures. Some tissues are better electrical conductors than the others since they have more ions that can carry the electrical charges. This difference is attributed to changes in cellular water content, membrane properties, and destruction of tight junctions within cell membranes. Conclusion: EIT is an extremely practical device for brain imaging, capturing fast electrical activities in the brain, imaging epileptic seizures, detecting intracranial bleeding, detecting cerebral edema, and diagnosing stroke.
Effect of the Problem-solving on the Mental Well-being of Mothers With Autistic Children
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran., Kakabaraee Keivan , Seidy Maryam ,   Young Researchers and Elite Club, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran.
Published: July 2021

Background: The birth of an exceptional child in a family can decrease the mental well-being of family members. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the family-centered problem-solving intervention on the mental well-being of the mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental research with a pre-test, post-test, follow-up design and a control group. The statistical population of the study included all the mothers of children with autism disorder in Kermanshah City. Using the purposeful sampling method, we selected 30 mothers of autistic children studying at a rehabilitation center and randomly assigned them into the two groups of experimental (n=15) and control (n=15). In this study, the Satisfaction With Life Scale (Diener et al., 1985) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (Watson et al., 1988) were used to measure mental well-being. After collecting the pre-test data of the mothers in the experimental group, 10 2-hour sessions (for a month) of family-centered problem-solving programs were administered. Also, the post-test and follow-up phases were executed after the end of the sessions and a 1-month interval, respectively. Finally, the obtained data were analyzed considering the repeated measures design. Results: The results showed a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores in the variable studied. However, the post-test and follow-up scores did not significantly differ in the variable studied. Conclusion: The results of this study supported the effectiveness of family-centered problem-solving training intervention on mental well-being and its subscales. Therefore, the family-centered problem-solving training program is of great importance as a preventive program.
Valgus Osteotomy Outcome for Treating Femoral Neck Nonunion in Young and Active Patients
Authors:   Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Gharanizadeh Kaveh , Tayyebi Hamed ,   Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Esmaeli Abbas ,   Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Rajei Maziar ,   Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Heidarikhoo Mohamadreza ,   Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Siahpoosh Mehdi ,   Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: July 2021

Background: Femoral neck fracture nonunion is a frequent and challenging complication, with several surgical options. Objectives: The present study reported the outcome of valgus osteotomy for treating femoral neck nonunion in patients aged <65 years. Methods: This case series research included young patients who underwent valgus osteotomy for treating femoral neck nonunion or device failure of the index surgery. The fixation of the osteotomy site was performed using either a dynamic hip screw or a fixed angle blade. The union of the neck and osteotomy site (subtrochanteric region) was evaluated by monitoring callus formation in the postoperative radiographs. Limb length discrepancy, Pauwels’ angle, and the neck-shaft angle were evaluated before the surgery and at the last follow-up. Postoperative complications were extracted from the explored patients’ profiles. Results: Twenty patients with a Mean±SD age of 27.2±10.8 years were examined in this study‎. The Mean±SD follow-up time of the patients was 6.1±3.9 years. The femoral neck was united in 18 patients in a Mean±SD period of 5.1±2.3 months. The Mean±SD limb length discrepancy was measured as 1.3±0.8 cm before and 0.5±0.7 cm after the ‏osteotomy. The Mean±SD Pauwels’ angle was calculated as 65.5±16.9º before and 32.4±16.2º after the osteotomy. The Mean±SD neck-shaft angle was computed to be 121.9±22.8º before and 144.5±17.7º after the osteotomy. Revision surgery was performed for 6 (30%) patients. This measure included device removal in 4 and total hip arthroplasty in 2 patient. Conclusion: Valgus osteotomy is a safe and efficient technique for managing femoral neck nonunion. Therefore‎, this approach is suggested as a good alternative for total hip arthroplasty, particularly in young and active patients‎.
Hyperlordosis Secondary to Myasthenia Gravis Successfully Treated With Brace-wearing and Lordosis Exercises: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Orthopedic Spine Surgery, Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mahdavi Seyed Mani , Amiri Shayan ,   Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Safdari Farshad ,   Bone Joint and Related Tissues Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: July 2021

Spinal deformities secondary to Myasthenia Gravis (MG) are rarely reported and mainly include scoliosis. In this study, we report a case of hyperlordosis with MG origin, which has not been reported earlier. The patient was a 12-year-old boy who underwent thymectomy at the age of three, and the disease was well-controlled afterward. One year ago, the patient presented with fatigue and severe low back pain associated with walking, while his parents noticed his buttocks jut out more than normal. The radiologic evaluation revealed a hyperlordosis of 100º. The patient was treated with a Milwaukee brace and lordosis exercises. One year after the treatment, an improvement of 27º was observed in the hyperlordosis of the patient. While bracing does not typically treat a neuromuscular deformity, the present case reveals the value of bracing in the treatment of hyperlordosis with MG origin.‎
Productivity and lending during the pandemic
Authors: Bessonova E. V. , Popova S. V. , Turdyeva N. A. , Tsvetkova A. N.
Published: July 2021

The access to credits for companies with high productivity is an important factor for the economic recovery after the shock. In this paper, we analyze changes in banks’ lending to Russian companies’ in 2020. Our analysis shows that in 2020 the volume of new ruble credits increased relative to the level of the previous year. At the same time, there were changes in loans’ structure, which are explained by the effect of government lending support programs that began in May—June 2020. This fact indicates that a large number of firms made use of these programs last year, partially or fully covering temporary liquidity needs in the period of significant decrease in demand and revenue. Outside of the government support programs, the structure of market lending did not change significantly in 2020 compared to 2019. Banks prefer to lend to more productive companies: we see that the volume of credits to high productive firms was at the same level as in 2019. This means that efficient firms that should be drivers of economic recovery did not have problems with access to credit in 2020.
Macroeconomic effects of the pandemic and prospects for economic recovery (Proceedings of the roundtable discussion at the XXII April international academic conference on economic and social development)
Authors: Shokhin A. N. , Akindinova N V. , Astrov V. Y. , Gurvich E. T. , Zamulin O. A. , Klepach A. N. , Mau V. A. , Orlova N. V.
Published: July 2021

The roundtable participants assessed the effects of the pandemic and analyzed its consequences, the impact on economic and social development. The main attention in the discussion was paid to the pace of economic recovery, anti-crisis mechanisms to support the economy in 2020, which can become systemic, aimed at stimulating investment activity, and suggest new approaches to solving social problems. The participants in the discussion proposed considering the possibility of strengthening the countercyclical nature of the fiscal rule, taking into account not only oil prices, but also other factors of economic activity. It was noted that investments in many sectors have increased, but mainly due to budgetary sources, the role of budgetary policy has also increased. During the pandemic, the role of the state has changed: it has become not only a source of funds, but also a guarantor of investments and social payments. However, the roundtable participants noted that this new role of the state should not be ensured by raising taxes.
Chimera of domestic antitrust: Institute of collective dominance in Russia
Authors: Shastitko A. E. , Ionkina K. A.
Published: July 2021

The paper defines the features of the collective dominance institute in Russia as well as the relation between collective dominance and oligopoly in the spheres of law and economic theory. The article evaluates the grounds and consequences of the collective dominance legal norm application; it suggests an approach to examining the relation between effects and expected results of this legal norm application and outlines the potential ways to harmonize the best international practices of the collective dominance norm application with the existing economic standards of product market analysis for the purpose of competition law enforcement. Results of the oligopoly theory and the Russian version of collective dominance institution key elements comparison show: the collective dominance institution concept is inadequately applied to identify individual abuse of dominant position due to possible law enforcement errors. The Russian version of collective dominance institution reflects one fundamental tendency intrinsic to Russian antitrust: examined more closely, law enforcement, which is de jure aimed at protecting competition, appears to be economic regulation, which de facto can lead to competition restriction. One of the possible structural alternatives for the collective dominance institution reforming is based on presumption of the need to analyze the joint impact exerted by a group of undertakings on the market.
Covid-19 dalam Perspektif Teologis, Fiqh dan Sains
Authors: Mahargiani Eka , Afnan Ahmad Nur , Sumarjoko Sumarjoko
Published: July 2021

Konsep negara dalam menciptakan kesejahteraan rakyatnya sangat variatif (tidak tunggal). Bahwa tindakan pemimpin (pemegang otoritas) terhadap rakyat harus sesuai kemaslahatan umat. Secara otoritatif pemerintah memiliki kewajiban untuk melindungi rakyat. Didukung dengan logika agama “tasharraf al-Imami ‘ala ar-ra’iyati  manuuthun bi al-mashlahati”. Begitu juga ketika terjadi wabah pandemi covid-19. Melalui kebijakan pemerintah terhadap pemberlakuan social distancing, phsycal distancing, pembatasan sosial berskala besar (PSBB) dimungkinkan memberikan dampak buruk pada aktifitas sosial, ekonomi, politik dan budaya lokal serta  Nasional. Meskipun demikian demi penyelamatan kemanusiaan (bangsa) dari kepunahan, pemerintah mengeluarkan kebijkan-kebijakan tersebut. Pada sisi lain, masyarakat juga dihadapkan berbagai persoalan kehidupan yang bertumpu pada wilayah agama. Ragam interpretasi yang muncul terkait dengan doktrin pertahanan diri (survival) dari pandemi yang berbeda-beda. Pertama, interpretasi teologis akan mengantarkan pada ketidaktakutan pada pandemi sehinga masih melakukan aktifitas keagamaan sebagaimana sebelumnya. Namun pandangan ini akan kontra produktif dengan protokol pemerintah dan kurikulum medis yang menganjurkan, social distancing, Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB). Kedua, intepretasi yang berdasarkan pada prinsip-prinsip syariah.  Logika fiqh ini lebih menekankan  pentingnya mempertahankan diri untuk mencapai kesejahteraan jasmani (kesehatan)dalam melindungi jiwa  tanpa menghilangkan nilai-nilai keimanan (esoterik) manusia kepada Khaliq. Interpretasi keagamaan yang rasional progesif inilah yang akan tepat  menjadi solusi bangsa Indonesia dalam memutus mata rantai pandemi covid -19.
Implementasi Baznas Microfinance Desa dalam Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Ekonomi Mustahiq
Authors: Nurfiyani Eka , Khanifa Nurma Khusna
Published: July 2021

Langkah penting yang terkait dengan upaya memperkecil kesenjangan ekonomi adalah dengan dibentuknya Undang-Undang No. 38 Tahun 1999 tentang Pengelolaan Zakat. Dalam Islam, zakat adalah salah satu intrumen ekonomi sosial yang sangat relevan dalam membantu pemerintah untuk mengurangi tingkat kemiskinan dan kesenjangan. Zakat perlu dikelola oleh lembaga yang kredibel salah satunya BAZNAS. BAZNAS adalah lembaga filantropi Islam yang berkhidmat dalam pemberdayaan kaum dhuafa dengan pendekatan budaya melalui kegiatan filantropis (welas asih/kasih sayang) dan wirausaha sosial profetik. BAZNAS akan terus berupaya untuk memberdayakan masyarakat melalui dana zakat yang diterima dari para muzzaki melalui berbagai program yang diinisiasi BAZNAS maupun masyarakat. Salah satu programnya adalah program ekonomi, karena ini menjadi pintu masuk di dalam pengentasan kemiskinan dan jerat rentenir. Salah satu program tersebut ialah BAZNAS Microfinance Desa. BAZNAS Microfinance Desa merupakan lembaga program yang melakukan pendayagunaan zakat untuk usaha produktif kepada masyarakat yang tergolong lemah (mustahiq) dan memiliki komitmen berwirausaha bentuk permodalan. Salah satu wujud BAZNAS Microfinance Desa berada di Desa Penanggulan Kecamatan Pegandon Kabupaten Kendal yang terdapat 30 mustahiq dan setiap mustahiq mendapatkan 2.000.000 rupiah. Implementasi program kerja BAZNAS Microfinance Desa menggunakan akad yang mengikat para pihak baik itu mustahiq maupun BAZNAS. Akad tersebut ialah akad syirkah mudharabah (hybrid contract). Dengan program ini diharapkan masyarakat memiliki kehidupan lebih baik dan meningkat menjadi muzzaki.
Paradigm Of National Income in Islamic Economy
Authors: Purwanto Hery , Siswahadi Siswahadi
Published: July 2021

Economic growth and development are macroeconomic problems in the long run. Every country has the opportunity to realize economic growth because the factors of the production increase from one period to another and therefore national income can be increased. National income is one of the important variables in macroeconomic discussions. The term national income is a translation of national income (in full, National Income Accounts). National income does not only calculate national income but also calculates expenditures, even for goods and products nationally. These calculations are performed periodically, usually in annual or quarterly units of time. Since national income can mean all income, all expenditure, or all production of goods and services, the calculation can be made based on the type of economic activity. In Islamic economics, national income is measured by the parameter Falah, namely true welfare and welfare. The sources of national income according to Islam are zakat, fai, and ghanimah. In a literal sense, Falah is glory and victory in life. For the life of the world, Falah includes three definitions, namely survival, freedom of desire, and strength and honor. As for the hereafter, Falah includes the meaning of eternal life, prosperity and eternal glory, and eternal knowledge.
Konsep Keharaman Riba: Studi Atas Pemikiran Muhammad Bâqir Aṣ-Ṣadr dalam Iqtiṣâdunâ
Authors: Sabrina Laila
Published: July 2021

Tulisan ini berpijak pada maraknya upaya masyarakat melawan praktik riba yang mana secara ortodoks pelaku riba memang layak diperangi karena dia memerangi Allah dan Rasul-Nya. Secara tekstual, pengharaman riba sudah jelas (jâliy), hanya saja kontestasi pendapat masih berkutat pada pengharaman bunga bank (interest). Indonesia salah satu Negara dengan mayoritas Muslim yang berambisi mensyariahkan dunia perekonomiannya tidak dapat menghususkan pendapat ulama sunni semata. Sosok ulama syi`ah yang layak dijadikan pijakan dalam perekonomian Islam sekaligus dikaji pemikirannya dalam artikel ini adalah Bāqir Sadr. Menariknya, Bȧqir Sadr yang lahir dari kalangan Syi`ah yang masyhur dalam dunia keilmuan dan teknologi (rasionalist) justru mengeluarkan fatwa pengharaman bunga bank dimana bank  merupakan sarana ekonomi yang masyhur di era modern saat ini . Pendapatnya ini mengimbagi pendapat kaum tekstualis dan menselisihi pendapat kontekstualis. Dengan demikian, penelitian terhadap Bāqir Sadr menjadi patut diusung demi memperoleh sisi novelty dari buah pikirnya yang memungkinakan kaum kontekstualis modern menerima celah tekstualitas dalam pengharaman bunga bank. Dengan mengkaji pandanganya dalam kitabnya, Iqtishaduna, Peneliti menemukan beberapa poin menarik yang berbeda dengan beberap ulama lain yang juga memiliki sudut pandang teologis dengan pendekatan tentang tekstulis atas pengharaman bunga bank yaitu: (1) Bunga bank termasuk kategori Riba; (2) Kadar Keimanan dan perilaku konsumsi riba; (3) Konsep kepemilikan; (4) Konsep Kekayaan; (5) Konsep kerja; dan (6) Resiko bukan alasan untuk menghalalkan Riba.
Comprehensive Review on Ficus Deltoidea Effervescent Mouthwash Formulation in Treating Oral Pathogens
Authors: Chitalia Mehul , Adimoolam Dr Senthil , Jun Boey Hong , Cheng Lee Ee
Published: July 2021

Ficus deltoidea or its well-known local name Mas Cotek belongs to the family of Moracaeae. This native plant is commonly found in Malaysia, other tropical and subtropical countries. Oral periodontal disease is an alarming disease and the utilization of herbal plants in treating oral pathogens has raised attention and concern. Therefore the main objective of this study was to review the effectiveness of effervescent mouthwash formulation of the FDL on treating oral pathogens. Plaque accumulation and oral microorganisms are the main predisposing factors to oral periodontal diseases. Herbal mouthwash has been of particular interest these days to treat oral pathogens. Different effervescent agents such as citric acid, tartaric acid, and sodium bicarbonate were used in formulating effervescent mouthwash by different methods with varying concentrations. FDL leaves have claimed to possess different properties such as antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties which are helpful in treating many diseases. Post compression parameters such as effervescent time, moisture content, and in vitro antibacterial test were reviewed in this study. FDL has shown a strong correlation to the presence of high content of polyphenols, flavonoids, saponin, tannins, and triterpenoids. In conclusion, the type of preparation choosen is by using wet granulation method and the suitable ratio is 2:1.
Creencias y actitudes del consumo religioso en jóvenes de Hidalgo, México
Authors: Meneses Armenta Omar Daniel
Published: July 2021

El objetivo del artículo es conocer en qué creen y qué actitudes de consumo toman los jóvenes frente a las organizaciones religiosas en el estado de Hidalgo, México. Se desarrolló una investigación descriptiva con una encuesta con escala de Likert, de intervalo y de proporción a 383 jóvenes de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo. El principal resultado es que dependiendo de la religión tienden a tener mayor dedicación hacia la misma, y que las generaciones han creado cambios. La conclusión es que, a diferencia del Catolicismo, los jóvenes de las otras religiones demuestran mayor enfoque, sin embargo, el cambio generacional afecta el interés por la religión de modo decreciente, afectando también el consumo por motivos religiosos. No solo en la religión, también en otros productos o servicios, la lealtad hacia la marca es frágil.
Los medios, el espectador y la narración: Poderes sutiles.
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara (MÉXICO), Ramírez Amador Sergio Carlos
Published: July 2021

Since the proliferation of the mass media, society has experienced drastical changes, one of them in regards of power. In this essay I analize the power relationships between the mass media and their spectators, as well as their mechanisms and consecuences. I sustain that this mechanism is the narrative understood as a way of deliberately choosing information with the purpose to provide aesthetic feelings to the events on the world. This manipulation of reality generates a power relation as far as the citizen lacks alternative ways of knowing complex social realities, generating an information monopoly, information that can be manipulated both in its content (facts) and in its form (narrative) to show the spectator something that is not always the case. This would generate changes in public opinion which could be easily instrumentalized.