bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IDENTIFIKASI MORFOMETRI DAS SERANG DARI CITRA SRTM
Authors: Prabowo Adi
Published: May 2022

Lokasi penelitian merupakan DAS Serang yang masuk dalam wilayah Kabupaten Kulon Progo, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aspek morfometri DAS Serang dengan cara menghitung luas, Panjang, keliling, orde dan percabangan sungai, kerapatan sungai, serta pola pengaliran berdasarkan kenampakan yang terekam pada citra SRTM. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode utama berupa interpretasi citra penginderaan jauh SRTM dan menghitung morfometri DAS dengan menggunakan software ArcGIS. Hasil perhitungan didapatkan luas DAS Serang 305,404 km2, panjang sungai 27,25 km, keliling DAS 107,353 km, tingkat percabangan sungai 2,45, kerapatan alur sungai 0,089. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut di atas maka DAS Serang dikontrol oleh tektonik dengan porositas batuan yang bagus sehingga tingkat infiltrasi tinggi.
PEMODELAN DAERAH TANGKAPAN HUJAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI GLOBAL MAPPER
Authors: Rozi Mohammad Fathur , Rosadi Peter Eka
Published: May 2022

Daerah tangkapan hujan merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi sistem penyaliran tambang. Semakin luas daerah tangkapan hujan maka semakin banyak debit air limpasan yang akan masuk ke lokasi penambangan. Banyak cara yang dapat digunakan untuk membuat pemodelan daerah tangkapan hujan baik secara manual dengan melakukan digitasi menggunakan Global Positioning System maupun menggunakan bantuan aplikasi salah satunya adalah aplikasi Global Mapper. Pada dunia pertambangan, analisis daerah tangkapan hujan digunakan untuk mengontrol dan mengetahui debit air limpasan yang dapat mengganggu kegiatan penambangan. Tulisan ini dibuat untuk mempermudah pemodelan atau penentuan luas daerah tangkapan hujan dengan menggunakan aplikasi Global Mapper. Dengan menggunakan data elevasi dan morfologi yang terdapat pada Digital Elevation Model (DEM) maka dapat ditentukan luas dari daerah tangkapan hujan. Setelah mengetahui luas daerah tangkapan hujan, maka sistem penyaliran dapat dirancang dengan optimal.
ANALISIS AWAL KEBAKARAN TANGKI 36 T-102 PERTALITE PADA KAWASAN REFINERY UNIT IV CILACAP – JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Utama Budi , Suparta Wayan , Dulhadi Dulhadi
Published: May 2022

Tulisan ini menganalisis sambaran petir induksi yang diduga menimbulkan kebakaran pada tangki 36 T-102 (berisi pertalite) di Pertamina refinery unit IV Cilacap – Jawa Tengah. Peristiwa kebakaran tangki ini ketika hujan lebat disertai dengan badai petir, pada hari Sabtu, 13 November 2021. Pernyataan yang dikeluarkan oleh BMKG bahwa terjadi kebakaran itu diakibatkan oleh fenomena induksi petir ke tangki penyimpanan bahan bakar pertalite, yaitu induksi petir pada titik pertama berjarak 45 km dan pada titik kedua berjarak 12 km. Analisis dikerjakan secara simulasi dengan menggunakan program Matlab yang berorientasi menentukan tegangan induksi petir yang menginvansi struktur metal tangki dan membandingkannya dengan tegangan penyalaan yang dimiliki oleh tangki 36 T-102. Sebagai parameter indikator terjadinya penyalaan bahan bakar yang bersifat flammable dikerjakan juga simulasi tegangan induksi petir sejauh 120 meter untuk parameter pembanding. Hasil simulasi dengan indikator pembanding terungkap bahwa terjadi kebakaran pada tangki bahan bakar pertalite pada tangki 36 T-102 bukan dikarenakan oleh sambaran petir sejauh 45 km dan sejauh 12 km melainkan oleh sambaran petir induksi pada kawasan sejauh ratusan meter, dimana sampel indikator pembanding diambil sejauh 120 meter.
EVALUATION OF GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR CONDITIONS BASED ON WELL PADS GEOCHEMICAL DATA IN LX GEOTHERMAL FIELD
Authors: Assa Monica Megita Veronika , Isnawan Dianto
Published: May 2022

The research was conducted at the Geothermal Company Energy Lx Area. The research area includes three well pads of geothermal power plants, namely X1, X2, and X3, which are stratigraphically composed of quaternary volcanic rocks. Based on the geochemical data of the well pad, it shows that the chloride type fluid is in equilibrium/partial equilibrium with the reservoir temperature in the range of 230 – 300°C from the silica and Na-K geothermometer analysis. The geothermal system in the research area is a hydrothermal magmatic system with two-phase fluid dominated by water. Evaluation of reservoir conditions from monitoring the X3 well pad shows a decrease in temperature for the last 3 years from 320°C in 2018 to 290°C in 2020. Graphical analysis of several chemical elements including Ca, Cl, SiO2, Boron and HCO3 shows a trend with the same pattern on several elements/compounds so it can interpret that there are no mixing process occurs in the reservoir, especially mixing with drill pipe wall cement or groundwater. Utilization of two-phase geothermal fluid in the Lx Geothermal Field produces electricity with a capacity reaches more than 100 MW and is still being developed in several areas that are currently in the geothermal geochemical exploration stage.
COMPUTER SIMULATION OF OSCILLATORY PROCESSES CREATED BY A PLANETARY VIBROPRIVE WITH KINEMATICALLY UNBALANCED MASSES IN MACHINES FOR MIXING LIQUID MIXTURES
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, NEKRUTOV VLADIVIR , ZAKIROV RODION , MALTSEV PAVEL
Published: May 2022

The article presents mathematical models and results of computer simulation of oscillatory processes created by a planetary vibrodrive with kinematically unbalanced masses in machines for mixing liquid mixtures. The proposed mathematical models cover the movement of the center of mass of the vibrodrive actuator during runout and in a steady-state state. They allow one to visualize the flow of a liquid mixture in the working area of the machine and to determine the components of the motion speed in the radial, circumferential, and axial directions. The purpose of computer simulation is to clarify the physical mechanism of mixing liquid media when combining the rotational movement of the working element with radial-axial oscillations, to streamline mixing a liquid mixture with the least effort and energy consumption, and to determine the conditions, under which the turbulization increases and there appear various vibromechanical turbulent conditions. Computer simulation of oscillatory processes based on the proposed mathematical models reflected the predominant capabilities of the considered vibrodrives in controlling the oscillation parameters of the working element of the machine for mixing liquid mixtures. The results of computer simulation obtained using advanced software allow one to evaluate the ongoing oscillatory processes by the visual appearance of vibromechanical turbulent modes and the speed of the particles in the flow of a mixing liquid, as well as to ensure the required optimal operating mode of the vibromachine by determining the necessary values of the setting parameters of the vibrodrive. The research determined the operating parameters of the considered vibromachine, at which a certain turbulent mode is achieved, and found the optimal conditions for mixing liquid mixtures, under which there appear turbulent flows increasing the mixing intensity.
MODELING INFORMATION SECURITY THREATS AND DETERMINATION OF THEIR RELEVANCE FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS OF INFORMATIZATION OBJECTS OF FEDERAL EXECUTIVE AUTHORITIES
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, ZAVODTSEV ILIA , BORISOV MIKHAIL , BONDARENKO NIKOLAI , MELESHKO VLADIMIR
Published: May 2022

Task. The purpose of writing this article is to improve the security of information in information systems. Model. The article explores methods for modeling information security threats and determining their relevance for information systems of informatization objects of federal executive authorities. Conclusions. The study is based on an assessment method that uses a cluster of outcomes, and the concept of “significance coefficient” is also introduced, as the product of the corresponding values of the priority vectors of outcome clusters. Value. The materials presented in the article will help improve methods for analyzing and evaluating the assets of an informatization object, vulnerabilities, information security threats, possible attacks and security goals.
INVESTIGATION OF A FILM-CERAMIC COMPOSITE IN A SOLAR CELL
Authors:   Institute of Materials Science of the SPA “Physics-Sun” of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan, RAKHIMOV RUSTAM , MUKHTOROV DILMUROD ,   Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Fergana, Republic of Uzbekistan
Published: May 2022

The results of comparative tests of a polyethylene film and a film-ceramic composite of sun-dried grapes are presented. A film-ceramic composite based on polyethylene and functional ceramics allows deeper and faster drying of products compared to conventional polyethylene film. The film-ceramic composite, other things being equal, makes it possible to achieve a commercial degree of drying of grapes almost 1.5 times faster. When drying grapes, the faster drying rate is most likely determined by the deeper penetration of the pulsed radiation generated by functional ceramics. Conventional polyethylene film without functional ceramics completely degraded in about 2 months. The film-ceramic composite did not change at all during the year.
MULTI-TASK CONDITIONS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF FIRE AND RESCUE UNITS DURING ROLLING STOCK EXTINGUISHING AT METALLURGICAL ENTERPRISES
Authors:   State Fire Academy of Emercom of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation, DENISOV ALEXEI , DANILOV MIKHAIL , ANIKIN SERGEI , TSOKUROVA IRINA
Published: May 2022

The article defines algorithms for assessing the cognitive capabilities of the head of a fire and rescue unit and also considers the managerial task of minimizing the decision-making time of the head in the field of extinguishing fires of railway trains at a metallurgical enterprise based on the conditions of multitasking, the factors of decision-making in the conditions of operational multitasking are considered. The results obtained can be used to adjust the existing model of fire and rescue units management when extinguishing fires of rolling stock at metallurgical enterprises. This work is intended for those who make managerial decisions and manage forces and means when extinguishing fires.
ON THE EXISTENCE, METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION AND SOME PROPERTIES OF (N - 2)-STRUCTURED MATRICES GENERATING BIJECTIVE TRANSFORMATIONS
Authors:   Secure Information Technology Assistance Foundation, Moscow, Russian Federation, KONONOV SERGEY
Published: May 2022

The article considers a new type of matrices that define bijective coordinate-threshold mappings - (n - 2)- structured matrices. It is proved that different matrices define different transformations, all (n - 2)-structured matrices of order 4 are described. For an arbitrary n ∈ ℕ, n classes of (n - 2)-structured matrices are specified, it is proved that the transformations specified by these matrices generate the group S2 S2n - 1. It is shown that the matrix transposed to the given one generates the inverse transformation.
Dropout in adult education as a phenomenon of fit – an integrative model proposal for the genesis of dropout in adult education based on dropout experiences
Authors: Thalhammer Veronika , Hoffmann Stefanie , Von Hippel Aiga , Schmidt-Hertha Bernhard
Published: May 2022

In adult training practice, dropout marks the transition from participation to non-participation. There are only a few theoretical models, especially from the second half of the 20th century, that address this phenomenon. With special consideration to the congruence model of Boshier (1973) and the integration model of Tinto (1975, 1993) the study focuses first on the theoretical discussion of empirically grounded models for the explanation of dropout in the field of adult education. Against the background of analyses of 40 problem-centered interviews with dropouts from adult education, the two models are examined as to their explanatory contributions. Based on these empirical and theoretical explorations, a newly developed typology of as well as a model for dropout are proposed which topicalize dropout in adult education as a phenomenon of fit.
How Far Are We From Data-Driven and Animal-Based Welfare Assessment? A Critical Analysis of European Quality Schemes
Authors: Stygar Anna H. , Krampe Caspar , Llonch Pol , Niemi Jarkko K.
Published: May 2022

Within the European Union, there is no harmonization of farm animal welfare quality schemes for meat and dairy products. Instead, there are several industry-driven initiatives and voluntary schemes that seek to provide information on animal welfare for attentive consumers. This study had two aims. First, we quantified how selected industry-wide quality schemes cover the welfare of pigs and dairy cattle on farms by comparing the evaluation criteria selected by schemes with the animal-, resource- and management-based measures defined in the Welfare Quality protocol (WQ®). Second, we identified how these quality schemes use the data generated along the value chain (sensors, breeding, production, and health recordings) for animal welfare assessments. A total of 12 quality schemes, paying attention to animal welfare but not necessarily limited to welfare, were selected for the analysis. The schemes originated from eight European countries: Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Ireland, the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, and Spain. Among the studied quality schemes, we have identified 19 standards for certification: nine for dairy and 10 for pig production. Most of the analyzed standards were comprehensive in welfare assessment. In total, 15 out of 19 standards corresponded to WQ® in more than 70%. However, this high correspondence was obtained when allowing for different information sources (environment instead of animal) than defined in WQ®. Compared to WQ®, the investigated schemes were lagging in terms of the number of measures evaluated based on the animals, with only five standards, out of 19, using predominantly animal-based measures. The quality schemes mostly applied resource-based instead of animal-based measures while assessing good health and appropriate behavior. The utilization of data generated along the value chain by the quality schemes remains insignificant as only one quality scheme allowed the direct application of sensor technologies for providing information on animal welfare. Nevertheless, several schemes used data from farm recording systems, mostly on animal health. The quality schemes rely mostly on resource-based indicators taken during inspection visits, which reduce the relevance of the welfare assessment. Our results suggest that the quality schemes could be enhanced in terms of data collection by the broader utilization of data generated along the value chain.
The Growing Medical Need for Tracheal Replacement: Reconstructive Strategies Should Overcome Their Limits
Authors: Adamo Davide , Galaverni Giulia , Genna Vincenzo Giuseppe , Lococo Filippo , Pellegrini Graziella
Published: May 2022

Breathing, being predominantly an automatic action, is often taken for granted. However, respiratory diseases affect millions of people globally, emerging as one of the major causes of disability and death overall. Among the respiratory dysfunctions, tracheal alterations have always represented a primary challenge for clinicians, biologists, and engineers. Indeed, in the case of wide structural alterations involving more than 50% of the tracheal length in adults or 30% in children, the available medical treatments are ineffective or inapplicable. So far, a plethora of reconstructive approaches have been proposed and clinically applied to face this growing, unmet medical need. Unfortunately, none of them has become a well-established and routinely applied clinical procedure to date. This review summarizes the main clinical reconstructive attempts and classifies them as non-tissue engineering and tissue engineering strategies. The analysis of the achievements and the main difficulties that still hinder this field, together with the evaluation of the forefront preclinical experiences in tracheal repair/replacement, is functional to promote a safer and more effective clinical translation in the near future.
Cytotoxicity Effect of Iron Oxide (Fe3O4)/Graphene Oxide (GO) Nanosheets in Cultured HBE Cells
Authors: Zhang Yule , Zhang Yatian , Yang Zhijin , Fan Yan , Chen Mengya , Zhao Mantong , Dai Bo , Zheng Lulu , Zhang Dawei
Published: May 2022

Iron oxide (Fe3O4), a classical magnetic material, has been widely utilized in the field of biological magnetic resonance imaging Graphene oxide (GO) has also been extensively applied as a drug carrier due to its high specific surface area and other properties. Recently, numerous studies have synthesized Fe3O4/GO nanomaterials for biological diagnosis and treatments, including photothermal therapy and magnetic thermal therapy. However, the biosafety of the synthesized Fe3O4/GO nanomaterials still needs to be further identified. Therefore, this research intended to ascertain the cytotoxicity of Fe3O4/GO after treatment with different conditions in HBE cells. The results indicated the time-dependent and concentration-dependent cytotoxicity of Fe3O4/GO. Meanwhile, exposure to Fe3O4/GO nanomaterials increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, calcium ions levels, and oxidative stress in mitochondria produced by these nanomaterials activated Caspase-9 and Caspase-3, ultimately leading to cell apoptosis.
MALDI-MSI Towards Multimodal Imaging: Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Tuck Michael , Grélard Florent , Blanc Landry , Desbenoit Nicolas
Published: May 2022

Multimodal imaging is a powerful strategy for combining information from multiple images. It involves several fields in the acquisition, processing and interpretation of images. As multimodal imaging is a vast subject area with various combinations of imaging techniques, it has been extensively reviewed. Here we focus on Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MALDI-MSI) coupling other imaging modalities in multimodal approaches. While MALDI-MS images convey a substantial amount of chemical information, they are not readily informative about the morphological nature of the tissue. By providing a supplementary modality, MALDI-MS images can be more informative and better reflect the nature of the tissue. In this mini review, we emphasize the analytical and computational strategies to address multimodal MALDI-MSI.
Face-Masked Speech Intelligibility: The Influence of Speaking Style, Visual Information, and Background Noise
Authors: Pycha Anne , Cohn Michelle , Zellou Georgia
Published: May 2022

The current study investigates the intelligibility of face-masked speech while manipulating speaking style, presence of visual information about the speaker, and level of background noise. Speakers produced sentences while in both face-masked and non-face-masked conditions in clear and casual speaking styles. Two online experiments presented the sentences to listeners in multi-talker babble at different signal-to-noise ratios: −6 dB SNR and −3 dB SNR. Listeners completed a word identification task accompanied by either no visual information or visual information indicating whether the speaker was wearing a face mask or not (congruent with the actual face-masking condition). Across both studies, intelligibility is higher for clear speech. Intelligibility is also higher for face-masked speech, suggesting that speakers adapt their productions to be more intelligible in the presence of a physical barrier, namely a face mask. In addition, intelligibility is boosted when listeners are given visual cues that the speaker is wearing a face mask, but only at higher noise levels. We discuss these findings in terms of theories of speech production and perception.
Pre-Eruptive Magma Configurations and Petrogenetic Relationships of the Rattlesnake Tuff, Oregon–Insights From Spectacularly Banded High-Silica Rhyolite Pumices
Authors: Swenton Vanessa M. , Streck Martin J.
Published: May 2022

The 7.1 Ma Rattlesnake Tuff (RST) of eastern Oregon is a widespread and voluminous (>300 km3) ignimbrite composed of 99% crystal poor (≤1%) high-silica rhyolite (HSR) and <1% dacites. Basaltic andesitic to basaltic inclusions within dacites are samples of underpinned mafic magmas. The RST HSR is comprised of five increasingly evolved compositional Groups (E–A), and HSR pumices range from white to dark grey, often co-mingled in spectacular banded pumices. Previously, Groups were interpreted as rhyolites generated by crystal fractionation within a single reservoir, where more evolved rhyolite melts formed from relatively less evolved rhyolite parents. To reassess compositional HSR Groups and their implications for tapping a single or multiple rhyolite reservoirs as well as reevaluating the petrological relationships among groups, we focus on large banded pumices for geochemical analysis. Statistical analysis of existing and new data verified these five compositional Groups and gaps, best characterized by variations in Ba, Eu/Eu*, Eu, FeO*, Hf, and Zr. Wet-liquidus temperatures, storage temperatures, and storage pressures calculated for all HSR Groups indicate similar pre-eruptive conditions (∼6.1–7.5 km depth; storage temperatures of ∼805–895°C). Differentiation trends, trends in storage pressure and temperature, and lack of crystal-rich tuff or country rock corroborate existing models for HSRs that involve a single, density-stratified magma reservoir prior eruption. Density differences are sufficient to prevent convection between layers of HSRs in a single reservoir when water content increases from 2–4 wt% from Groups E–A. However, if HSRs do not represent a liquid line, it is possible to generate HSRs through batch melting of various regional country rock. Yet, HSRs would still accumulate within the same storage zone, where density variations kept HSRs from mixing until eruption when these banded pumices formed. In either scenario, our study underscores the significance of water content and density variations for accumulating rhyolite magmas in a contiguous magma body without mixing. This has implications for other compositionally heterogenous rhyolitic ignimbrites where natural samples do not provide comparable evidence to argue for pre-eruptive confocal storage of different rhyolite magmas as is the case for the Rattlesnake Tuff.
Complex or Simple—Does a Model Have to be One or the Other?
Authors: Hugman Rui , Doherty John
Published: May 2022

The primary tasks of decision-support modelling are to quantify and reduce the uncertainties of decision-critical model predictions. Reduction of predictive uncertainty requires assimilation of information. Generally, this information resides in two places: 1) expert knowledge emerging from site characterization and 2) field measurements of present and historical system behavior. The former is uncertain and should therefore be expressed stochastically in a model. The range of parameter and predictive possibilities can then be constrained through history-matching. Implementation of these Bayesian principles places conflicting demands on the level of model structural complexity. A high level of structural complexity can facilitate expression of expert knowledge by establishing model details that are recognizable by site experts, and through supporting model parameters that bear a close relationship to real-world hydraulic properties. However, such models often run slowly and are numerically delicate; history-matching therefore becomes difficult or impossible. In contrast, if endowed with enough parameters, structurally simple models facilitate the achievement of a good fit between model outputs and field measurements. However, the values with which parameters are endowed may bear a looser relationship with real-world properties and are therefore less receptive to information born of expert knowledge. The model design process is therefore one of compromise. In this paper we describe a methodology that reduces the cost of compromise by allowing expert knowledge of system properties to inform the parameters of a structurally simple model. The methodology requires the use of a complementary model of strategic, but not excessive, structural complexity that is stochastic, fast-running and requires no history-matching. We demonstrate the approach using a real-world case in which modelling is used to support management of a stressed coastal aquifer. We empirically validate the approach using a synthetic model.
Significance of Brain Glucose Hypometabolism, Altered Insulin Signal Transduction, and Insulin Resistance in Several Neurological Diseases
Authors: Blázquez Enrique , Hurtado-Carneiro Verónica , LeBaut-Ayuso Yannick , Velázquez Esther , García-García Luis , Gómez-Oliver Francisca , Ruiz-Albusac Juan Miguel , Ávila Jesús , Pozo Miguel Ángel
Published: May 2022

Several neurological diseases share pathological alterations, even though they differ in their etiology. Neuroinflammation, altered brain glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and amyloidosis are biological events found in those neurological disorders. Altered insulin-mediated signaling and brain glucose hypometabolism are characteristic signs observed in the brains of patients with certain neurological diseases, but also others such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and vascular diseases. Thus, significant reductions in insulin receptor autophosphorylation and Akt kinase activity, and increased GSK-3 activity and insulin resistance, have been reported in these neurological diseases as contributing to the decline in cognitive function. Supporting this relationship is the fact that nasal and hippocampal insulin administration has been found to improve cognitive function. Additionally, brain glucose hypometabolism precedes the unmistakable clinical manifestations of some of these diseases by years, which may become a useful early biomarker. Deficiencies in the major pathways of oxidative energy metabolism have been reported in patients with several of these neurological diseases, which supports the hypothesis of their metabolic background. This review remarks on the significance of insulin and brain glucose metabolism alterations as keystone common pathogenic substrates for certain neurological diseases, highlighting new potential targets.
Nightshift Work and Nighttime Eating Are Associated With Higher Insulin and Leptin Levels in Hospital Nurses
Authors: Molzof Hylton E. , Peterson Courtney M. , Thomas S. Justin , Gloston Gabrielle F. , Johnson Russell L. , Gamble Karen L.
Published: May 2022

Background

Circadian misalignment between behaviors such as feeding and endogenous circadian rhythms, particularly in the context of shiftwork, is associated with poorer cardiometabolic health. We examined whether insulin and leptin levels differ between dayshift versus nightshift nurses, as well as explored whether the timing of food intake modulates these effects in nightshift workers.

Methods

Female nurses (N=18; 8 dayshift and 10 nightshift) completed daily diet records for 8 consecutive days. The nurses then completed a 24-h inpatient stay, during which blood specimens were collected every 3 h (beginning at 09:00) and meals were consumed at regular 3-h intervals (09:00, 12:00, 15:00, and 18:00). Specimens were analyzed for insulin and leptin levels, and generalized additive models were used to examine differences in mean insulin and leptin levels.

Results

Mean insulin and leptin levels were higher in nightshift nurses by 11.6 ± 3.8 mU/L (p=0.003) and 7.4 ± 3.4 ng/ml (p=0.03), respectively, compared to dayshift nurses. In an exploratory subgroup analysis of nightshift nurses, predominately eating at night (21:00 – 06:00) was associated with significantly higher insulin and leptin levels than consuming most calories during the daytime (06:00 – 21:00).

Conclusions

In our study of hospital nurses, working the nightshift was associated with higher insulin and leptin levels, and these effects were driven by eating predominately at night. We conclude that although nightshift work may raise insulin and leptin levels, eating during the daytime may attenuate some of the negative effects of nightshift work on metabolic health.
Moisture Stability of Sulfide Solid-State Electrolytes
Authors: Yersak Thomas A. , Zhang Yubin , Hao Fang , Cai Mei
Published: May 2022

In this report we detail a comprehensive study on the moisture stability of sulfide solid-state electrolytes in dry room environments. Although sulfide SSEs have many favorable attributes, this class of materials suffers from poor stability with water. Sulfide SSEs react with water to form gaseous H2S and a variety of solid byproducts like Li3PO4 and LiOH, which go on to increase the interfacial impedance of solid-state batteries. Lab-scale research typically utilizes gloveboxes with <1 ppm water, however, the large-scale manufacturing of Li-ion batteries occurs in −40°C dewpoint dry rooms with around 126 ppm water. Consequently, the moisture stability of sulfide SSEs must be addressed if the manufacture of solid-state batteries based on sulfide SSEs is to be scaled up. Here, we are the first to characterize the moisture stability of sulfide SSEs according to both H2S and the degradation of ionic conductivity at different moisture setpoints ranging from −76°C to −40°C dewpoint. A variety of different SSE compositions are studied; namely, (Li2S)75(P2S5)25, (Li2S)70(P2S5)30, (Li2O)7(Li2S)68(P2S5)25, (Li2O)7(Li2S)63(P2S5)30, and (Li2S)75(P2S5)25 + 20 mol% LiI. We find that moisture stability improves with 75 mol% Li2S modifier content and the introduction of a Li2O co-modifier. After a 30 min exposure in a −40°C dewpoint dry room environment we found that (Li2S)75(P2S5)25 + 20 mol% LiI powder generated 0.1 cc/g H2S and its ionic conductivity decreased by over 50%. However, when SSE powder was exposed as a slurry in a dodecane carrier the same SSE composition generated 0 cc/g H2S and its ionic conductivity only dropped by 14%. Our results show that sulfide SSEs have acceptable moisture stability when appropriately processed in a dry room environment.
Risk of Facilitated Invasion Depends Upon Invader Identity, Not Environmental Severity, Along an Aridity Gradient
Authors: Lucero Jacob E. , Faist Akasha M. , Lortie Christopher J. , Callaway Ragan M.
Published: May 2022

Positive interactions can drive the assembly of desert plant communities, but we know little about the species-specificity of positive associations between native shrubs and invasive annual species along aridity gradients. These measures are essential for explaining, predicting, and managing community-level responses to plant invasions and environmental change. Here, we measured the intensity of spatial associations among native shrubs and the annual plant community—including multiple invasive species and their native neighbors—along an aridity gradient across the Mojave and San Joaquin Deserts, United States. Along the gradient, we sampled the abundance and species richness of invasive and native annual species using 180 pairs of shrub and open microsites. Across the gradient, the invasive annualsBromus madritensisssp.rubens(B. rubens),B. tectorum,B. diandrus, Hordeum murinum, andBrassica tournefortiiwere consistently more abundant under shrubs than away from shrubs, suggesting positive effects of shrubs on these species. In contrast, abundance of the invasive annualSchismusspp. was greater away from shrubs than under shrubs, suggesting negative effects of shrubs on this species. Similarly, native annual abundance (pooled) and native species richness were greater away from shrubs than under shrubs. Shrub-annual associations were not influenced by shrub size or aridity. Interestingly, we found correlative evidence thatB. rubensreduced native abundance (pooled), native species richness, and exotic abundance (pooled) under, but not away from shrubs. We conclude that native shrubs have considerable potential to directly (by increasing invader abundance) and indirectly (by increasing negative impacts of invaders on neighbors) facilitate plant invasions along broad environmental gradients, but these effects may depend more upon invader identity than environmental severity.
Exploration of Potential Biomarker Genes and Pathways in Kawasaki Disease: An Integrated in-Silico Approach
Authors: Srivastava Priyanka , Bamba Chitra , Pilania Rakesh Kumar , Kumari Anu , Kumrah Rajni , Sil Archan , Singh Surjit
Published: May 2022

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a common childhood systemic vasculitis with a special predilection for coronary arteries. Even after more than five decades of the initial description of the disease, the etiology of KD remains an enigma. This transcriptome data re-analysis study aimed to elucidate the underlying pathogenesis of KD using a bioinformatic approach to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to delineate common pathways involved in KD. Array datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were extracted and subjected to comparative meta-analysis for the identification of prominent DEGs. Fifteen hub genes with high connectivity were selected from these DEGs (IL1B, ITGAM, TLR2, CXCL8, SPI1, S100A12, MMP9, PRF1, TLR8, TREM1, CD44, UBB, FCER1G, IL7R, and FCGR1A). Of these 15 genes, five genes (CXCL8, FCGR1A, IL1B, TLR2, and TLR8) were found to be involved in neutrophil degranulation. To gain further insight into the molecular mechanism, a protein–protein network was established. Significantly enriched pathways based on the above-mentioned genes were mainly centered on biological regulation and signaling events. In addition, the pathway analysis also indicated that the majority of the DEGs in KD were enriched in systemic lupus erythematosus, suggesting a strong interplay between immunological and genetic factors in the pathogenesis of KD. These findings could significantly aid in identifying therapeutic targets and understanding KD biosignatures to design a biomarker panel for early diagnosis and severity of the disease.
Plant-Derived Toxin Inhibitors as Potential Candidates to Complement Antivenom Treatment in Snakebite Envenomations
Authors: Adrião Asenate A. X. , dos Santos Aline O. , de Lima Emilly J. S. P. , Maciel Jéssica B. , Paz Weider H. P. , da Silva Felipe M. A. , Pucca Manuela B. , Moura-da-Silva Ana M. , Monteiro Wuelton M. , Sartim Marco A. , Koolen Hector H. F.
Published: May 2022

Snakebite envenomations (SBEs) are a neglected medical condition of global importance that mainly affect the tropical and subtropical regions. Clinical manifestations include pain, edema, hemorrhage, tissue necrosis, and neurotoxic signs, and may evolve to functional loss of the affected limb, acute renal and/or respiratory failure, and even death. The standard treatment for snake envenomations is antivenom, which is produced from the hyperimmunization of animals with snake toxins. The inhibition of the effects of SBEs using natural or synthetic compounds has been suggested as a complementary treatment particularly before admission to hospital for antivenom treatment, since these alternative molecules are also able to inhibit toxins. Biodiversity-derived molecules, namely those extracted from medicinal plants, are promising sources of toxin inhibitors that can minimize the deleterious consequences of SBEs. In this review, we systematically synthesize the literature on plant metabolites that can be used as toxin-inhibiting agents, as well as present the potential mechanisms of action of molecules derived from natural sources. These findings aim to further our understanding of the potential of natural products and provide new lead compounds as auxiliary therapies for SBEs.
Three Models of Vaccination Strategies Against Cryptococcosis in Immunocompromised Hosts Using Heat-Killed Cryptococcus neoformans Δsgl1
Authors: Normile Tyler G. , Del Poeta Maurizio
Published: May 2022

Vaccines are one of the greatest medical accomplishments to date, yet no fungal vaccines are currently available in humans mainly because opportunistic mycoses generally occur during immunodeficiencies necessary for vaccine protection. In previous studies, a live, attenuated Cryptococcus neoformans Δsgl1 mutant accumulating sterylglucosides was found to be avirulent and protected mice from a subsequent lethal infection even in absence of CD4+ T cells, a condition most associated with cryptococcosis (e.g., HIV). Here, we tested three strategies of vaccination against cryptococcosis. First, in our preventative model, protection was achieved even after a 3-fold increase of the vaccination window. Second, because live C. neoformans Δsgl1-vaccinated mice challenged more than once with WT strain had a significant decrease in lung fungal burden, we tested C. neoformans Δsgl1 as an immunotherapeutic. We found that therapeutic administrations of HK C. neoformans Δsgl1 post WT challenge significantly improves the lung fungal burden. Similarly, therapeutic administration of HK C. neoformans Δsgl1 post WT challenge resulted in 100% or 70% survival depending on the time of vaccine administration, suggesting that HK Δsgl1 is a robust immunotherapeutic option. Third, we investigated a novel model of vaccination in preventing reactivation from lung granuloma using C. neoformans Δgcs1. Remarkably, we show that administration of HK Δsgl1 prevents mice from reactivating Δgcs1 upon inducing immunosuppression with corticosteroids or by depleting CD4+ T cells. Our results suggest that HK Δsgl1 represents a clinically relevant, efficacious vaccine that confers robust host protection in three models of vaccination against cryptococcosis even during CD4-deficiency.
Organization and Complexity of the Yak (Bos Grunniens) Immunoglobulin Loci
Authors: Wu Mingli , Zhao Haidong , Tang Xiaoqin , Zhao Wanxia , Yi Xiaohua , Li Qi , Sun Xiuzhu
Published: May 2022

As important livestock in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, yak provides meat and other necessities for Tibetans living. Plateau yak has resistance to diseases and stress, yet is nearly unknown in the structure and expression mechanism of yak immunoglobulin loci. Based on the published immunoglobulin genes of bovids (cattle, sheep and goat), the genomic organization of the yak immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) and immunoglobulin light chain (IgL) were described. The assemblage diversity of IgH, Igλ and Igκ in yak was similar to that in bovids, and contributes little to the antibody lineage compared with that in humans and mice. Somatic hypermutation (SHM) had a greater effect on immunoglobulin diversity in yak than in goat and sheep, and in addition to the complementarity-determining region (CDR), some loci in the framework region (FR) also showed high frequency mutations. CDR3 diversity showed that immunological lineages in yak were overwhelmingly generated through linkage diversity in IgH rearrangements. The emergence of new high-throughput sequencing technologies and the yak whole genome (2019) publication have greatly improved our understanding of the immune response in yaks. We had a more comprehensive analysis of yak immunoglobulin expression diversity by PE300, which avoided the disadvantage of missing low-frequency recombination in traditional Sanger sequencing. In summary, we described the schematic structure of the genomic organization of yak IgH loci and IgL loci. The analysis of immunoglobulin expression diversity showed that yak made up for the deficiency of V(D)J recombinant diversity by junctional diversity and CDR3 diversity. In addition, yak, like cattle, also had the same ultra-long IgH CDR3 (CDR3H), which provided more contribution to the diverse expression of yak immunoglobulin. These findings might provide a theoretical basis for disease resistance breeding and vaccine development in yak.
Hidden Agenda - The Involvement of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response in Inflammation-Induced Muscle Wasting
Authors: Kny Melanie , Fielitz Jens
Published: May 2022

Critically ill patients at the intensive care unit (ICU) often develop a generalized weakness, called ICU-acquired weakness (ICUAW). A major contributor to ICUAW is muscle atrophy, a loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. Skeletal muscle assures almost all of the vital functions of our body. It adapts rapidly in response to physiological as well as pathological stress, such as inactivity, immobilization, and inflammation. In response to a reduced workload or inflammation muscle atrophy develops. Recent work suggests that adaptive or maladaptive processes in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), also known as sarcoplasmic reticulum, contributes to this process. In muscle cells, the ER is a highly specialized cellular organelle that assures calcium homeostasis and therefore muscle contraction. The ER also assures correct folding of proteins that are secreted or localized to the cell membrane. Protein folding is a highly error prone process and accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins can cause ER stress, which is counteracted by the activation of a signaling network known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). Three ER membrane residing molecules, protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), inositol requiring protein 1a (IRE1a), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) initiate the UPR. The UPR aims to restore ER homeostasis by reducing overall protein synthesis and increasing gene expression of various ER chaperone proteins. If ER stress persists or cannot be resolved cell death pathways are activated. Although, ER stress-induced UPR pathways are known to be important for regulation of skeletal muscle mass and function as well as for inflammation and immune response its function in ICUAW is still elusive. Given recent advances in the development of ER stress modifying molecules for neurodegenerative diseases and cancer, it is important to know whether or not therapeutic interventions in ER stress pathways have favorable effects and these compounds can be used to prevent or treat ICUAW. In this review, we focus on the role of ER stress-induced UPR in skeletal muscle during critical illness and in response to predisposing risk factors such as immobilization, starvation and inflammation as well as ICUAW treatment to foster research for this devastating clinical problem.
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Vibrio Tolerance in Ruditapes philippinarum Revealed by Comparative Transcriptome Profiling
Authors: Yin Zhihui , Nie Hongtao , Jiang Kunyin , Yan Xiwu
Published: May 2022

The clam Ruditapes philippinarum is an important species in the marine aquaculture industry in China. However, in recent years, the aquaculture of R. philippinarum has been negatively impacted by various bacterial pathogens. In this study, the transcriptome libraries of R. philippinarum showing different levels of resistance to challenge with Vibrio anguillarum were constructed and RNA-seq was performed using the Illumina sequencing platform. Host immune factors were identified that responded to V. anguillarum infection, including C-type lectin domain, glutathione S-transferase 9, lysozyme, methyltransferase FkbM domain, heat shock 70 kDa protein, Ras-like GTP-binding protein RHO, C1q, F-box and BTB/POZ domain protein zf-C2H2. Ten genes were selected and verified by RT-qPCR, and nine of the gene expression results were consistent with those of RNA-seq. The lectin gene in the phagosome pathway was expressed at a significantly higher level after V. anguillarum infection, which might indicate the role of lectin in the immune response to V. anguillarum. Comparing the results from R. philippinarum resistant and nonresistant to V. anguillarum increases our understanding of the resistant genes and key pathways related to Vibrio challenge in this species. The results obtained here provide a reference for future immunological research focusing on the response of R. philippinarum to V. anguillarum infection.
Transgenic Expression of IL15 Retains CD123-Redirected T Cells in a Less Differentiated State Resulting in Improved Anti-AML Activity in Autologous AML PDX Models
Authors: Mu-Mosley Hong , Ostermann Lauren , Muftuoglu Muharrem , Vaidya Abishek , Bonifant Challice L. , Velasquez Mireya Paulina , Gottschalk Stephen , Andreeff Michael
Published: May 2022

Immunotherapy with T-cells expressing bispecific T-cell engagers (ENG T-cells) is a promising approach to improve the outcomes for patients with recurrent/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, similar to T-cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), their antitumor activity is limited in the setting of chronic antigen stimulation. We therefore set out to explore whether transgenic expression of IL15 improves the effector function of ENG T-cells targeting CD123-positive AML. T-cells expressing CD123-specific ENG (CD123-ENG) ± IL15 were generated by retroviral transduction from peripheral blood T cells from healthy donors or patients with AML. In this study, we characterized in detail the phenotype and effector functions of ENG T-cell populations in vitro and in vivo. IL15-expressing CD123-ENG (CD123-ENG.IL15) T-cells retained their antigen-specificity and effector function in the setting of chronic antigen exposure for more 30 days of coculture with AML blasts in contrast to CD123-ENG T-cells, whose effector function rapidly eroded. Furthermore, CD123-ENG.IL15 T-cells remained in a less differentiated state as judged by a high frequency of naïve/memory stem T-cell-like cells (CD45RA+CCR7+/CD45RO−CD62L+ cells) without evidence of T-cell exhaustion. Single cell cytokine profiling using IsoPlexis revealed enhanced T-cell polyfunctionality of CD123-ENG.IL15 T-cells as judged by effector cytokine production, including, granzyme B, IFN-γ, MIP-1α, perforin, TNF-α, and TNF-β. In vivo, CD123-ENG.IL15 T-cells exhibited superior antigen-specific anti-AML activity and T-cell persistence in both peripheral blood and tissues (BM, spleens, and livers), resulting in a significant survival advantage in one AML xenograft model and two autologous AML PDX models. In conclusion, we demonstrate here that the expansion, persistence, and anti-AML activity of CD123-ENG T-cells can be significantly improved by transgenic expression of IL15, which promotes a naïve/TSCM-like phenotype. However, we also highlight that targeting a single tumor antigen (CD123) can lead to immune escape, reinforcing the need to develop approaches to target multiple antigens. Likewise, our study demonstrates that it is feasible to evaluate autologous T cells in AML PDX models, which will be critical for future preclinical evaluations of next generation AML-redirected T-cell therapies.
Self-Assembling Nanovaccine Confers Complete Protection Against Zika Virus Without Causing Antibody-Dependent Enhancement
Authors: Rong Heng , Qi Mi , Pan Jingdi , Sun Yuhan , Gao Jiawang , Zhang Xiaowei , Li Wei , Zhang Bo , Zhang Xian-En , Cui Zongqiang
Published: May 2022

The Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic poses a substantial threat to the public, and the development of safe and effective vaccines is a demanding challenge. In this study, we constructed a kind of self-assembling nanovaccine which confers complete protection against ZIKV infection. The ZIKV envelop protein domain III (zEDIII) was presented on recombinant human heavy chain ferritin (rHF) to form the zEDIII-rHF nanoparticle. Immunization of mice with zEDIII-rHF nanoparticle in the absence of an adjuvant induced robust humoral and cellular immune responses. zEDIII-rHF vaccination conferred complete protection against lethal infection with ZIKV and eliminated pathological symptoms in the brain. Importantly, the zEDIII-rHF nanovaccine induced immune response did not cross-react with dengue virus-2, overcoming the antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) problem that is a safety concern for ZIKV vaccine development. Our constructed zEDIII-rHF nanovaccine, with superior protective performance and avoidance of ADE, provides an effective and safe vaccine candidate against ZIKV.