bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influência da sazonalidade e da oscilação ENOS na qualidade das águas de um rio tropical: métodos estatísticos multivariados
Authors: Naves Josyanne Inês Teixeira Ramos , Hergenräder Jéssica Angélica , Olinda Ricardo Alves de , Barbosa Domingos Sávio
Published: June 2022

O crescimento da demanda de água doce no abastecimento doméstico, industrial e na produção de alimentos, demonstra a atual necessidade de pensar não apenas na questão de quantidade, mas também, na qualidade da água para consumo. O índice de qualidade de água (IQA) é amplamente adotado por sintetizar as informações sobre os vários parâmetros físicos, químicos e biológicos das águas doces, com o intuito de informar o público leigo e orientar as ações de gestão da qualidade da água. Dessa forma, torna-se indispensável analisar os parâmetros utilizados para calculá-lo, e se assim necessário, reavaliar se os parâmetros indicam de fato a qualidade das águas. O objetivo desse estudo é avaliar se os parâmetros utilizados no IQA sofrem a influência da sazonalidade climática na bacia do Rio Vermelho – MT. Os dados utilizados na pesquisa fornecem informações sobre os parâmetros de qualidade de água de quatro estações de amostragem ao longo da bacia entre os anos de 2006 e 2017. Foram levantados um total de 126 indivíduos e 30 variáveis. Devido à grande quantidade de variáveis consideradas inicialmente importantes, optou-se por realizar análises estatística multivariada, visto que solucionar tal questão não seria possível utilizando técnicas de análise univariada. As análises por técnicas multivariadas foram realizadas no ambiente R, entre as técnicas de multivariadas, foram utilizadas a análise de componentes principais (ACP) e a análise de função discriminante. Através da análise por componentes principais, verifica-se que o IQA sofre influência das variações dos fatores climáticos, o que torna questionável caracterizar a qualidade da água apenas analisando os 9 parâmetros determinados pelo IQA. Portanto, considera-se a necessidade de uma adaptação desses parâmetros para as regiões que possuem estações de chuva e estiagem bem definidas, como a estudada.
Diagnóstico ambiental do rio Ouricurí em Capanema, Pará: bioindicação por macroinvertebrados aquáticos
Authors: Silva Eduardo Camurça da , Gutjahr Ana Lúcia Nunes , Braga Carlos Elias de Souza
Published: June 2022

A disponibilidade de água para usos múltiplos vem diminuindo devido a ocupação desordenada do solo nas bacias hidrográficas e ao crescimento econômico e demográfico que geram resíduos sólidos e esgoto, ocasionando alteração nas características biológicas, físicas e químicas dos mananciais urbanos. Este trabalho objetivou verificar a qualidade da água através da análise da condição da macrofauna de invertebrados aquáticos no rio Ouricurí em Capanema-PA, considerando três áreas distintas (nascente (N), perímetro urbano (U) e foz (F)), além de determinar a influência da sazonalidade local e os aspectos físico-químicos da água na composição das assembleias de invertebrados. Para isso, foram realizadas coletas em novembro/2020 e abril/2021, contemplando as estações menos chuvosa e chuvosa na região amazônica. Em cada área estudada, foram determinados três pontos seguindo o curso do rio, totalizando nove pontos de coleta. Para a avaliação da qualidade da água, foram mensurados os índices BMWP/ASPT e EOT, que considerou a riqueza e abundância dos grupos de invertebrados. Foram capturados 14.213 espécimes que representaram 124 táxons, destes a classe Insecta foi a predominante com 12.047 espécimes coletados. Os resultados dos índices indicaram que a água do rio Ouricurí varia entre boa e regular para os índices BMWP e ASPT e de regular e ruim para o índice EOT. A bioindicação pelos macroinvertebrados evidenciou também, melhores resultados para a área da nascente. Em relação a abundância de invertebrados, a sazonalidade local não foi um fator que gerou mudanças significativas (ANOVA II: p = 0,41). O esforço amostral para a determinação da riqueza de famílias, foi adequado devido a tendência de estabilização das curvas de acumulação de riqueza. Percebeu-se neste estudo, que as áreas urbanas influenciaram negativamente os corpos hídricos, desestruturando as comunidades biológicas, por reduzir os insumos bioecológicos e energéticos, resultando em menor disponibilidade de abrigo e alimento para a fauna de macroinvertebrados aquáticos.
Potencial reutilização dos resíduos provenientes da indústria de ferrossílicio: revisão sistemática e aprofundada da literatura
Authors: Rossoni Aline da Luz Pascoal , Rossoni Hygor Aristides Victor , Rodrigues Andréia Bicalho
Published: June 2022

A geração de resíduos sólidos é uma preocupação a ser resolvida por todos os segmentos de processamento mineral, metalúrgico e siderúrgico. De modo que a sustentabilidade para a indústria é um quesito essencial que implica em aliar desenvolvimento econômico à preservação ambiental e à responsabilidade social. Assim, os resíduos sólidos industriais, devem ser tratados, respeitando as leis ambientais, buscando sempre priorizar a sua reutilização. Dentro desta problemática, tecnologias vêm sendo desenvolvidas, entre elas a aglomeração dos finos utilizando a técnica de briquetagem por terem como base a compressão mecânica e assim, serem assimiláveis no processo produtivo como carga complementar nos fornos de redução. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão sistemática em bases de pesquisa on-line sobre a potencialidade de utilização dos finos em formato de briquetes autorredutores para estes serem introduzidos com as matérias-primas em fornos elétricos a arco submerso (SAF) para produção de ferrossílicio (FeSi). Nesta perpectiva, os briquetes devem possuir resistência mecânica adequada para manter sua integridade nas altas temperaturas presentes no decorrer do processo, pois a degradação dos aglomerados e a consequente formação de finos podem comprometer a permeabilidade da carga e a eficiência dos reatores. Sendo assim, avaliar o comportamento dos aglomerados autorredutores (redução e resistência) quando submetidos a altas temperaturas é fundamental para determinar se o mesmo está adequado ou não para ser utilizado em processos industriais.
Análise dos resíduos de serviços de saúde em hospital universitário antes e durante a pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Almeida Gibran Sarmento de , Silveira Hélio Lopes da , Melo Teresinha do Bu , Almeida Maria Zuleide Rodrigues de , Martins Wanessa Alves , Silva Viviane Farias
Published: June 2022

Todo ano são produzidas 1,4 bilhões de toneladas de resíduos sólidos no mundo.  Aproximadamente, 28% das cidades brasileiras realizam a destinação inadequada. Consequentemente, os RSS trouxeram impactos significativos no meio ambiente e na saúde pública. O presente estudo foi realizado buscando quantificar os resíduos nos serviços de saúde, especificamente anterior e durante a pandemia de COVID-19 em um hospital universitário, localizado no município de Campina Grande, Paraíba. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: quantidade e classificação de RSS; e composição dos RSS por setor hospitalar. A pesquisa foi realizada no período de 2017 a 2020. A produção de resíduos infectantes/perfurocortantes em relação ao total dos RSS foi nas seguintes proporções: 27,7% (2017); 22,46% (2018); 25,16% (2019); e 24,3% (2020). O ano 2018 teve a produção de RSS elevada, com cerca de 164 mil kg. Houve diminuição de quase 7% nos anos de 2019 e 2020, comparados com o ano de 2018. A proporção do material reciclável em relação aos resíduos comuns foi de 15,12% (2018), 14,5% (2019) e 12,68% (2020), evidenciando que estes materiais são direcionados para empresa de recicladores. A partir dos dados obtidos foi constatado que é necessário que a taxa de eficiência na segregação precisa ser melhorada para que os resíduos sejam direcionados ao tratamento adequado.
Produção mais limpa como estratégia de marketing verde no desenvolvimento sustentável da indústria artesanal de cervejas
Authors: Cucolo Murilo Cezar , Oliveira Mariana Luísa Chiezi de , Turchetto Queila , Andrade Mikaela Monteiro de , Silva Cleiltan Novais da , Andreazzi Márcia Aparecida , Emanuelli Isabele Picada
Published: June 2022

A indústria alimentícia, em especial o setor de bebida alcóolicas, é um dos setores que consome uma fração representativa de água, de insumos, além de ser um grande gerador de resíduos.  Destacam-se neste setor as cervejarias artesanais que vem expandido o mercado necessitando de um gerenciamento ambiental que torne o processo artesanal mais sustentável tanto ambientalmente como economicamente. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi aplicar e avaliar as práticas da produção mais limpa e da pegada hídrica no setor de cervejas artesanais propondo mudanças sustentáveis no processo produtivo e fomentar estratégias de marketing verde. A pesquisa, de caráter quali-quantitativo, associou estudo de caso com pesquisa de campo para aplicação das práticas de produção mais limpa e da pegada hídrica em uma indústria de cerveja artesanal localizada na cidade de Maringá estado do Paraná. O estudo analisou os recursos utilizados e os resíduos gerados no processo de produção de cerveja artesanal em uma indústria com produção mensal de 8 a 10 mil litros. Na aplicação da pegada hídrica obteve-se o valor de 2 litros de água para cada litro de cerveja. A produção mais limpa mostrou-se eficiente para gerir sustentavelmente a indústria detectando em quais etapas as matérias primas e os recursos estão sendo desperdiçados. A aplicação da produção mais limpa alcançou o objetivo de proporcionar ao empresário, além dos benefícios ambientais, a redução de custo e a melhoria dos processos produtivos podendo promover a sustentabilidade e o marketing verde da indústria de cervejas artesanais.
ACADEMIC TOURISM THROUGH THE PERSPECTIVE OF ERASMUS STUDENTS
Authors: Quintela Joana A. , Marques Jorge , Pinho Micaela , Albuquerque Helena
Published: June 2022

This paper conducts a literature review on a topic that is still little explored, which is academic tourism, and explores through empirical research the perspectives of international students who have chosen the city of Porto to undertake Erasmus mobility. The main objective of the study is to better understand the motivations and factors that influence international student’s decisions to choose the location where they develop their mobility programs. An online survey was administrated and a total of 122 valid answers were collected. The data were analysed by descriptive and inference statistics. Results show that there are four main factors that influence this segment: quality and prestige of the universities; people's characteristics and hospitality; weather and landscape and being a fashionable destination.

Este artículo realiza una revisión de la literatura sobre un tema aún poco explorado, que es el turismo académico, y explora empíricamente las perspectivas de los estudiantes internacionales que han elegido la ciudad de Oporto para emprender la movilidad Erasmus. El objetivo principal del estudio es comprender mejor las motivaciones y factores que influyen en las decisiones de los estudiantes internacionales para elegir la ubicación donde desarrollar sus programas de movilidad. Se administró una encuesta en línea y se recogieron un total de 122 respuestas válidas. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadísticas descriptivas y de inferencia. Los resultados muestran que hay cuatro factores principales que influyen en este segmento: la calidad y el prestigio de las universidades; características y hospitalidad de las personas; clima y paisaje; siendo un destino de moda.
LA INTERPRETACIÓN DEL PAISAJE EN LA PRÁCTICA DEL TURISMO INCLUSIVO: RECURSOS ADAPTADOS PARA PERSONAS CON DISCAPACIDAD VISUAL
Authors: Santana-Santana Sara Beatriz , Correa Silva Mª Pilar , Cantillana Reyes Juan C. , Pérez-Chacón Espino Emma
Published: June 2022

This research focuses on the design and evaluation of tactile images to serve as a mediation tool between people with visual impairments and the landscape. For this, three experiences in different tourist destinations have been considered, managing to implement one of them so far. The methodology used integrates various tactile exploration techniques commonly used by visually impaired people to recognize and process distal information. The results obtained show the interest in using this type of material to develop proposals in the field of inclusive tourism.

Esta investigación se centra en el diseño y en la evaluación de imágenes táctiles para que sirvan como instrumento de mediación entre las personas con discapacidad visual y el paisaje. Para ello se han considerado tres experiencias en diferentes destinos turísticos, implementando una de ellas hasta el momento. La metodología seguida integra diversas técnicas de exploración táctil comúnmente empleadas por las personas con discapacidad visual para reconocer y procesar información distal. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto el interés por utilizar este tipo de material para desarrollar propuestas en el ámbito del turismo inclusivo.
On hyperbolic k-Jacobsthal and k-Jacobsthal–Lucas octonions
Authors:   Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Özkan Engin , Uysal Mine ,   Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University
Published: June 2022

In this work, we investigate the hyperbolic k-Jacobsthal and k-Jacobsthal–Lucas octonions. We give Binet’s Formula, Cassini’s identity, Catalan’s identity, d’Ocagne identity, generating functions of the hyperbolic k-Jacobsthal and k-Jacobsthal–Lucas octonions. Also, we present many properties of these octonions.
Full-genome sequencing and mutation analysis of SARS-CoV-2 isolated from Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Massi Muhammad Nasrum , Abidin Rufika Shari , Farouk Abd-ElAziem , Halik Handayani , Soraya Gita Vita , Hidayah Najdah , Sjahril Rizalinda , Handayani Irda , Hakim Mohamad Saifudin , Gazali Faris Muhammad , Setiawaty Vivi , Wibawa Tri
Published: June 2022

Introduction

A global surge in SARS-CoV-2 cases is occurring due to the emergence of new disease variants, and requires continuous adjustment of public health measures. This study aims to continuously monitor and mitigate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 through genomic surveillance, to determine the emergence of variants and their impact on public health.

Methods

Data were collected from 50 full-genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 isolates from Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Mutation and phylogenetic analysis was performed of SARS-CoV-2 from Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Results

Phylogenetic analysis showed that two samples (4%) were of the B.1.319 lineage, while the others (96%) were of the B.1.466.2 lineage. Mutation analysis of the spike (S) protein region showed that the most common mutation was D614G (found in 100% of the sequenced isolates), followed by N439K (98%) and P681R (76%). Several mutations were also identified in other genomes with a high frequency, including P323L (nsp12), Q57H (ns3-orf3a), and T205I (nucleoprotein).

Conclusion

Our findings highlight the importance of continuous genomic surveillance to identify new viral mutations and variants with possible impacts on public health.
Building ontological meaning in a lexico-conceptual knowledge base
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (España), Jiménez-Briones Rocío J , Luzondo Oyón Alba ,   Universidad de La Rioja (España)
Published: June 2022

Framed within the world of Artificial Intelligence, and more precisely within the project FunGramKB, i.e. a user-friendly environment for the semiautomatic construction of a multipurpose lexico-conceptual knowledge base for Natural Language Processing systems, the aim of this paper is two-fold. Firstly, we shall provide a necessarily non-exhaustive theoretical discussion of FunGramKB in which we will introduce the main elements that make up its Ontology (i.e. Thematic Frames, Meaning Postulates, different types of concepts, etc.). Secondly, we will describe the meticulous process carried out by knowledge engineers when populating this conceptually-driven Ontology. In doing so, we shall examine various examples belonging to the domain of ‘change’ or #TRANSFORMATION (in the COREL notation), in an attempt to show how conceptual knowledge can be modeled in for Artificial Intelligence purposes.
Tzvetan Todorov: La littérature en péril
Authors:   Université de Bourgogne (Francia), Bidaud Samuel
Published: June 2022

Sin resumen
La preposición cero
Authors:   Universidad de Concepción (Chile), Gallardo Andrés
Published: June 2022

El llamado “signo cero” tiene una realidad funcional y semántica en la lengua en aquellos casos en que una ausencia contrasta de modo sis-temático con una presencia en un contexto dado. en el caso concreto del análisis sintáctico, Ambrosio Rabanales (1966) ha postulado que en el complemento directo “sin preposición” de hecho hay un contraste recurrente, sistemático y significativo con la preposición “a”. el presente trabajo sistematiza los planteamientos de Rabanales y ofrece ejemplos y argumentos para avalar la existencia de esta “preposición cero”.
Acquisition of the non-generic definite article by Spanish learners of English as a foreign language
Authors:   Illinois Wesleyan University (Estados Unidos), Isabelli-García Christina , Slough Rachel ,   University of Wisconsin - La Crosse (Estados Unidos)
Published: June 2022

This study explains the acquisition of the non-generic uses of the english definite article the by L2 learners. Chilean university students completed a questionnaire containing deleted obligatory uses of the. in all, four identified categories showed to have different accuracy rates. Of the four categories, the one most similar to the L1 was the least difficult to acquire while the most different resulted as the most difficult. This concurs with other research and can be explained by L1 rules that are transferred to the L2.The other two categories did not show the same acquisition rate as compared to previous studies and cannot be explained by L1 transfer given that both languages share the same rules. Time spent studying the english increases accuracy rates across all categories. Knowing that difficulty with the definite article can be attributed to L1 interference is useful when implementing pedagogical recommendations to teach the english article system.
La lingüística de Gustave Guillaume. De la lengua al discurso
Authors:   Universidad de Buenos Aires (Argentina), von Stecher Pablo
Published: June 2022

Aunque Gustave Guillaume (1883-1960) fue uno de los pensadores más influyentes de la lingüística francesa del siglo XX, su teoría es aún poco conocida en el ámbito hispano parlante. en la actualidad, las reflexiones en torno a su obra son llevadas a cabo, mayormente, por el grupo de investigadores de la Université de Paris III, Sorbonne Nouvelle. Una vez caracterizada su teoría, es el objetivo de este trabajo partir del análisis sobre el modo en que Guillaume reformula la dicotomía lengua / habla(langue / parole) de Ferdinand de Saussure, por la de lengua / discurso, para luego relevar ciertos conceptos implicados en dicha dicotomía y fundamentales de su obra, tales como tiempo operativo, artículo, e incidencia y decadencia.
La relación intérprete-mandante: claves de una crónica colonial para la historia de la interpretación
Authors:   Universidad Católica de Temuco (Chile), Payàs Gertrudis , Garbarini Carmen Gloria ,   Universidad Católica de Temuco (Chile)
Published: June 2022

Los estudios de interpretación experimentan desde hace algunos años un auge considerable. Sin embargo, la historia de la interpretación sigue siendo una rama marginal de estos estudios. También, pese a su presencia ubicua en la Conquista y consolidación del orden colonial, es relativamente escasa la atención que la historiografía hispanoamericana ha prestado a las figuras de intérpretes. La aparente ausencia o escasez de registro histórico de las situaciones donde mediaron intérpretes ha dificultado el estudio de estos personajes y la construcción de marcos conceptuales que permitan entender y explicar el funcionamiento de la mediación oral histórica. Sin embargo, un repaso acucioso de las fuentes coloniales permite encontrar claves para entender el fenómeno. en este trabajo, a partir de la lectura de las crónicas coloniales, en especial de la crónica de Alonso González de nájera: Desengaño y reparo de la Guerra de Chile, pretendemos aportar un marco de comprensión para una de sus facetas poco conocidas: la relación entre intérpretes y sus mandantes. Consideramos que esta propuesta puede ayudar a llenar algunas lagunas existentes tanto en los estudios de traducción como en la propia historiografía colonial.
Comparison of Intraocular Lens Power Estimation by Optical Biometry and Ultrasound Biometry in Cataract Surgery
Authors: Mohanty Gayatree , Rajguru Himansu , Agarwal Khushi
Published: June 2022

Introduction: The evolution of modern technologies for cataract surgery has made it crucial for aiming emmetropia with highly defined vision. The key factor responsible for postoperative emmetropia is an accurate biometry, along with various other factors. Ultrasonic biometry is the gold standard method of Intraocular Lens (IOL) power calculation but the corneal indentation with the probe underestimate the axial length and result in a myopic shift which is overcome by the newer optical biometry devices, including swept source optical coherence biometry which uses infrared light to measure the ocular distances. Aim: To determine the precision and accuracy of IOL power calculation by ultrasound A-scan and optical IOL master and their refractive outcomes. Materials and Methods: This prospective, and observational study was conducted between September 2019 to February 2021 in 155 patients with cataract undergoing phacoemulsification in Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. All subjects underwent comprehensive ocular examination and biometry with two formulae {Sanders-RetzlaffKraff (SRK) and Holladay-I}. Biometry included corneal curvature (keratometry), axial length, anterior chamber depth, IOL power calculation, predicted refractive error. There were two broad groups. One group underwent biometry by ultrasound A-scan and the other group underwent optical biometry by IOL Master 700. The IOL power was calculated with the two formulae in both the groups. Comparisons between variables measured using the IOL master and A-scan were done using paired t-test. The p-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: In a 18 month period, 155 eyes were consecutively enrolled in the study. The mean age of all enrolled patients was 62.1±8.65 years (range 34-80 years) with male:female ratio of approximately 1.25:1. The mean axial length measured by IOL master was higher (23.15 ± 0.85) than that by A-scan (22.96±0.81 diopters) with a mean difference of 0.197±0.35 mm (p-value <0.001, paired t-test). The mean predicted IOL power was 20.81±1.84 diopters by IOL master and 21.13±1.62 by A-scan by SRK-II formula (p-value <0.001). While mean predicted IOL power with Holladay-I by IOL Master 700 was 20.61±1.92 and 21.44±1.98 diopters by A-scan with a mean difference (-0.82±0.76 diopters) with a significant p-value <0.001. Bland-Altman analysis plots showed almost perfect agreement between both methods regarding predicted IOL power. Conclusion: The swept source Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) based IOL master 700 proved to be a faster non contact device to use with a shorter learning curve, higher accuracy in average axial length eye and less refractive surprises.
The Effect of Increasing Temperature on Welfare of Plantation Farmers
Authors: Faradiba Faradiba
Published: June 2022

Agricultural productivity is a determining factor in achieving food security in Indonesia. Increase in agricultural productivity yields is strongly influenced by climate change. Extreme climate change has resulted in crop failure due to land drought and flooding. The existence of this incident provides an opportunity to decrease the welfare of farmers, especially plantation farmers in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of temperature on the welfare of plantation farmers in Indonesia. The data used in this study was sourced from the 2018 National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) data, with a total of 66,754 households in Indonesia. The analytical method used is Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The results of this study indicate that an increase in temperature causes drought, and has an impact on decreasing agricultural productivity. The decrease in the production of agricultural products certainly reduces the income of farmers, which results in a decrease in the level of welfare of farmers. Government policies in terms of climate engineering are needed, as well as assistance programs for farmers to maintain the welfare of farmers.
Localization and Distribution of Two Invasive Alien Species Eichhornia crassipes and Echinocloa pyramidalis in the Pool Malebo Eco-region, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Michael Mukendi Tshibangu , Ngbolua Koto-Te-Nyiwa , Henri Mbale Kunzi , Pisco Menga Munkolo , Félicien Lukoki Luyeye
Published: June 2022

Aim: To study the distribution of two invasive alien plants and associated plants as well as their distribution in the Malebo Pool eco-region.

Methodology: The study was carried out by direct observation by circulating on a motorized canoe. Plant samples were randomly harvested (n=6) in August 2020 depends on the sites. Plant species identification was performed on the field, and those species of which the identification was difficult, were brought to the laboratory for proper identification according to APG III.

Results: 19 species, including two Pteridophytes and 17 Angiosperms, belonging to 19 families and 12 orders were identified. The site of Molondo was the most diversified with 15 plant species, followed respectively by the sites of Mipongo (13 species), Japon (12 species) and Kingabwa (07 species). The plant species Ludwigia abyssinica A. Rich., Ipomoea aquatica Forsk, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart), Pistia stratiotes L, Echinochloa pyramidalis (Lam) and Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitchell were present in all four prospected sites. E. pyramidalis and E. crassipes constitute a serious threat for the environment and are source of erosion/loss of aquatic biodiversity. Physiologically, these species form a mono-specific carpet and eliminate native or autochthonous species of aquatic flora.

Conclusions and Suggestions: The invasion of alien species is a consequence of human activities and a concern, as it affects all sectors of society. These plants can alter, disrupt, and degrade many ecosystem services like the disturbing of habitats and the alteration of the environmental and biological conditions around them. They can also reduce light and diversity of native aquatic plant species. Controlling invasive alien species is thus a challenge for the Congolese society. Political decision-makers are therefore invited to take appropriate measures for managing and protecting the local aquatic flora and valorize the invasive plants as potential medicinal       remedy.
Highly Sensitive C Reactive Protein as a Predictor of in Hospital Outcome in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Hussen Amr Hamama , Alaraag Ahmed Farok , Abdalaal Mohamed Ahmed , Alsaed Ayman Mohamed
Published: June 2022

Background: C-reactive (CRP) protein is a well-studied inflammatory factor whose prognostic value in cardiovascular diseases in recent years has become increasingly important. Assesses of prognostic value of highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) wasthe aim of this work.

Methods: This observational research was conducted on 50 individuals had ACS admitted to CCU and indicated for invasive coronary angiography. Cases were classified in 2 groups depending on the level of hs-CRP: group A included (14) cases with hs-CRP > (2) and group B involved (36) cases with hs-CRP ≥ (2). All patients were subjected to: laboratory investigations (creatinine, urea, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), troponin, creatine kinase myocardial band (CKMB), hs-CRP, HbA1C, lipid profile, twelve lead surface ECG, echocardiography and coronary angiography.

Results: Total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglyceride were significantly higher in group B compared to group A(P=0.001). Stent implantation was significantly higher in group 2 compared to group 1 (P=0.040)

Conclusions: There were correlation between hs CRP and lipid profile as a risk factor and there was no correlation between in hospital outcome and hs CRP in ACS patients due to small sized study.
Genotypic and Phylogenetic Profile of Cryptosporidium Parvum Strains from HIV Positive Patients in Maiduguri, Nigeria
Authors: Iliyasu M. Y. , Askira U. M. , Tom I. M. , Sahal M. R. , Dogonjeji S.Y. , Tahir H. , Kabeer Z. M. , Musa H. S. , Panda S. M. , Sama’ila A. B.
Published: June 2022

Background: Cryptosporidium is an etiologic agent of gastro-intestinal disorders and severe, profuse watery diarrhoea in immunocompromised patients, such as people living with HIV/AIDS.

Aim: This study was carried out to determine the genotypic and phylogenetic characteristics of Cryptosporidium parvum among HIV patients who usually received antiretroviral therapy (ART) in four selected hospitals in Maiduguri Metropolis.

Study Design: This is a clinical laboratory study of opportunistic pathogens in HIV/AIDS Patients.

Place and Duration of Study: This was conducted at the Department of Medical Laboratory Science, the University of Maiduguri in collaboration with the Biological Sciences Department, ATBU Bauchi, Nigeria, between March 2021, and February 2022.

Methods: A total of 400 faecal specimens were collected from confirmed HIV-positive patients and screened for Cryptosporidium-specific antigen by Enzyme Link Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Genomic DNA Extraction was done by Quick-DNATM Faecal Microbe Miniprep with PCR amplification and sequencing of 18s SSU rRNA gene using specific reference primers.

Results: Out of the 70 HIV/AIDS and Cryptosporidium co-infected patients, 20 of the samples contained 18s SSU rRNA genes, with the highest frequency (45.0%) found in patients from the University Teaching Hospital. The results of phylogenetic analyses indicated that there is signiﬁcant intra-species diversity in the genus Cryptosporidium. The four human C. parvum isolates differ from the bovine and the two avian isolates in three regions of the 18s rRNA gene.

Conclusion: The human genotype (genotype I) found in this study is exclusively human and in a single non-human primate, in bovine genotype (genotype II) has proved to be anthroponotic and zoonotic to the livestock. The study, therefore, advocates further genotyping of Cryptosporidium from both HIV-infected patients and immunocompetent hosts from various regions together with surveillance of animal and environmental reservoirs is highly recommended.
Effect of Pre-sowing Seed Treatments on Physiological Potential of Seed Germination in Okra
Authors: Fayaz Fasil , Khan Farooq A. , Bhat Sajad A. , Narayan Sumati , Khan Zakir H. , Mir Shakil A. , Moinddin . , Amir Mohammad
Published: June 2022

Aims: The present investigation was carried out at SKUAST-Kashmir during the year 2020 to improve the seed vigour and germination potential of okra through pre-sowing seed treatments.

Study Design: The experiment was laid in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications

Place and Duration of Study: The present investigation was carried out at the division of Basic Sciences and Humanities, SKUAST-Kashmir during the year 2020

Methodology: There were nine pre-sowing seed treatments comprised of simple seed soaking and seed priming with water (T1 and T5), -1.0MPa solution of PEG (T2 and T6), 100ppm solution of GA3 (T3 and T7) and 1.5% solution of KH2PO4 (T4 and T8), respectively along with untreated control (T0). Fifty seeds of each treatment were cultured in 14.0cm Petri dishes lined with 10 layers of moist filter paper. Observations on various germination parameters were recorded at (25±2°C).

Results: Findings of the study revealed that seed soaking in water (T1) resulted in maximum FGP (93.3%) and GI (16.29) compared to other treatments. Discrete middling of different soaking (AvS) and priming (AvP) treatments indicated the novelty of seed priming over simple soaking. However, unlike FGP and GI, all other parameters viz., CVG, MGT, MGR, T50 and Z-index were found superior when seeds were primed in water (T5) with their recorded values of 87.34%day-1, 1.15day-1, 0.614 day-1, 1.18 day, 0.790, respectively. Values of CVG, MGR and Z index with respect to separate means of simple seed soaking, AvS (69.5%day-1, 0. 0.566day-1 and 0.53) and priming, AvP (75.6%day-1, 0.573day-1 and 0.63) further confirmed the dominancy of seed priming technique over simple seed soaking. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis revealed strong relationship between different quantities of seed germination attributes.

Conclusion: Seed priming resulted in better germination attributes in okra compared to tradirional seed soaking and as such priming treatments should be practiced instead of traditional seed soaking in okra.
Converting Nigerian Coal Deposits to Smokeless Coal Fuel for Energy Transition and Socio-economic Transformation
Authors: Obaje Nuhu George , Ibrahim Hussaini Doko , Ndagi Abdulmalik , Umar Salihu
Published: June 2022

Energy transition emphasizes a drastic reduction in fossil fuel energy sources and to step up the deployment of alternative and renewable energies as pathways to industrialization and development. Attention is therefore shifting from coal and crude oil to solar, wind, geothermal and natural gas sources of energies. Although the use of coal for electrical power generation has been on the decline and it is being discouraged world-wide, the Smokeless Coal Research Team at IBB University has been able to differentiate “good” from “bad” coals. Not all coals are environmentally harmful for electrical power generation. And even for the so-called “bad coals the team at the IBBU has identified processes to clean up such coals. Whether generated from dams, gas turbines or thermal sources, Nigeria has been a nation with an acute supply of electricity; yet the country has far more resources of oil, gas and coals than it has the demand for them. The country is currently challenged by series of energy crises with concomitant economic and social implications. Electricity generation and energy availability are in gross shortfall which has resulted in the shutting down of many industries with the attendant job losses and escalating unemployment. Power supply to many homes is very epileptic, covering not more than 10% of the total average domestic daily demand. With these enormous energy challenges, the government of Nigeria is working on reforms at several fronts that will embrace appropriate energy-mix, enabling power generation / energy production from nuclear, coal and renewable sources (solar, wind, biomass) in addition to the conventional hydro and thermal sources. With the use of 30% diluted benzoic and formic acids on some Nigerian coals, smoke emission reduced considerably, thus allowing the use of abundant Nigerian coal deposits as alternative clean energy source for electrical power generation in a physically sustainable environment in an era of energy transition. Furthermore, some coals (in Nigeria and elsewhere) do not need processing (cleansing) based on the inherent chemical and petrological composition as elucidated in this paper. Power (electrical) is the single major factor to social and economic transformation in Nigeria.
Influence of Fishing Activities on School Attendance, Dropout and Academic Performance among Students in Lamu East Sub County, Kenya
Authors: Answar Ali Hassan , Biutha Mosomi
Published: June 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of fishing activities on school attendance, dropout and academic performance among secondary school students in Lamu East Sub County. Conflict Theory by Karl Max et al. (2005) anchored this study. Mixed research methodology was employed in which both qualitative and quantitative data were collected. The researcher employed correlation research design. Target population was 5 public secondary schools with 1200 students because most of these schools have been performing below average in academics. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 4 public day secondary schools and boarding schools. Simple random sampling was used to obtain the students in each school to participate in the study. The sample size consisted of 4 day secondary schools representing 80%, 60 boys and 80 girls who represented 11% and 12% respectively. Data analysis involved the use of two statistical methods; descriptive statistics and inferential statistics with the aid of SPSS program Version 23. The results showed that fishing activities and school attendance were negatively and significantly correlated, r(121) = -.175, P=.004. Fishing activities and school dropout were positively and significantly correlated at, r (121) = .510, p =.00. Academic performance and fishing activities were negatively and significantly correlated r (121) = -.16, p =.03. The study recommends that policy makers and education stakeholders should come up with measures that will limit student involvement in fishing activities to increase their participation in academic activities and improve their academic performance.
#MeToo
Authors: Reger Jo
Published: June 2022

Beginning in the fall of 2017, #MeToo evolved as a social media campaign focused primarily on women and their experiences with rape, sexual assault, and sexual harassment. The hashtag drew on the long history of the US women's movement in addressing sexual assault and sexual harassment and on previous work by anti‐rape and anti‐violence activists. Spurred on by the widespread connectivity of social media, #MeToo quickly spread around the world, bringing charges against prominent men in a variety of fields and renewing attention to issues of rape, assault, sexual harassment, and inappropriate behavior in the workplace.
White Supremacy as a Worldwide Movement
Authors: Beirich Heidi
Published: June 2022

In this entry, the transformation of white supremacist movements from institutions motivated by domestic politics into a new transnational movement is examined. For decades, white supremacist organizations have been driven largely by their home country's political and social dynamics. That is no longer the case, as the white supremacist movement now functions across borders and the conceptualization of white supremacist identity has evolved into an international one, a white collective that exists outside of borders. Because of new technologies, an international white supremacist movement with a relatively coherent and defined ideological worldview has evolved, focusing on fear of displacement by nonwhites in traditionally “white” homelands and the need to counter those demographic trends, increasingly through violent means.
Ecology and Biogeography of the Cyanobacteria
Authors: Jungblut Anne D.
Published: June 2022

Cyanobacteria are Gram‐stain‐negative, oxygenic phototrophic bacteria, and nearly all species possess photosystems I and II. They show a considerable physiological and morphological diversity that allows them to proliferate in the photic zones of planktonic and benthic freshwater and marine habitats and terrestrial environments, and form symbiotic relationships with fungi, protists, plants, and animals. Due to their ability to adapt to diverse environmental conditions, they thrive and often are key primary producers in extreme environments, including permanently cold freshwater aquatic ecosystems, geothermal springs, and arid terrestrial ecosystems. Cyanobacteria contribute to ecosystem functioning as a primary producer and also as fixers of atmospheric nitrogen. They are also important for human health and water quality because of the production of toxins. This article provides an overview of the ecology of cyanobacteria, their physiology and molecular insights into their ability to grow under diverse environmental conditions, and examination of their biogeography.
Gibbsiella
Authors: Brady Carrie L. , Coutinho Teresa A.
Published: June 2022

Gibb.si.el'la. N.L. fem. n.
Gibbsiella
named in honor of British forest pathologist John N. Gibbs for his contributions to forest pathology.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Enterobacterales / Enterobacteriaceae / Gibbsiella

The genus
Gibbsiella
includes species isolated from bacterial cankers of woody hosts including oak, walnut, olive, pear, and apple trees as well as oral cavities of bears and intestinal tracts of insects. Cells are Gram‐negative, facultatively anaerobic, and nonmotile rods that appear singly, in pairs, or in groups. Species are mesophilic, favoring growth temperatures of 28–30°C. Carbon sources including glucose, fructose, arabinose, galactose, mannose, and maltose are readily assimilated and fermented. Species form a monophyletic clade when phylogenetic analysis is based on 16S rRNA gene sequences or multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA). The major fatty acids are C
14:0
, C
16:0
, C
18:1
ω7
c
, C
17:0
cyclo, and summed features 2 (iso‐C
16:1
and/or C
14:0
3‐OH) and 3 (C
16:1
ω7
c
and/or iso‐C
15:0
2‐OH).

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 55.7–57.4 (
T
m
).

Type species
:
Gibbsiella quercinecans
Brady et al. 2010 VL139.
Lonsdalea
Authors: Brady Carrie L. , Coutinho Teresa A.
Published: June 2022

Lons.da'le.a. N.L. fem. n.
Lonsdalea
named for David Lonsdale in honor of his contributions to British forest pathology.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Enterobacterales / Enterobacteriaceae / Lonsdalea

The genus
Lonsdalea
comprises species isolated from bacterial cankers of woody hosts including oak, poplar, and willow. Cells are Gram‐negative, facultatively anaerobic, and motile short rods that appear singly or rarely in pairs. Species are mesophilic, favoring growth temperatures of 28–34°C. Carbon sources such as glucose, fructose, mannose, sucrose, and
N
‐acetylglucosamine are readily assimilated and fermented. Species form a monophyletic clade when phylogenetic analysis is based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA), or whole‐genome sequences. The major fatty acids are C
14:0
, C
16:0
, C
17:0
cyclo, and summed features 2 (iso‐C
16:1
and/or C
14:0
3‐OH) and 3 (C
16:1
ω7
c
and/or iso‐C
15:0
2‐OH).

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 55.0–55.6 (genome analysis).

Type species
:
Lonsdalea quercina
Brady et al. 2012
VP
(Basonym: Erwinia quercina Hildebrand and Schroth 1967
AL
).
Remotely Delivered Exercise to Rural Older Adults With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Patel Kushang V. , Hoffman Elise V. , Phelan Elizabeth A. , Gell Nancy M.
Published: June 2022

Objective

EnhanceFitness (EF) is an evidence‐based exercise program recommended for management of osteoarthritis (OA). However, access to EF is limited in rural areas. Accordingly, we evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of remotely delivered EF (tele‐EF) in rural, community‐dwelling older adults with symptomatic knee OA.

Methods

A single‐arm pilot trial of tele‐EF classes was conducted. Videoconferencing was used to livestream the instructor‐led, 1‐hour EF classes 3 days/week for 12 weeks. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and immediately post intervention.

Results

A total of 15 of 27 potential participants (55%) were screen eligible and enrolled into the trial. Participants had a median age of 70 years (interquartile range: 67‐75), and 14 (93%) were women. The median EF class attendance rate was 91% (interquartile range: 85%‐94%). Knee pain, as measured by the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), improved significantly from baseline to the 12‐week end point (mean difference = −11.4 [95% confidence interval (CI): −20.9 to −2.0]; P = 0.02). In addition, participants’ self‐reported knee function improved significantly (mean difference in KOOS function score = −11.8 [95% CI: −18.4 to −5.2]; P < 0.01) as well as their physical capacity (mean difference in Timed Up and Go test time = 1.8 seconds [95% CI: 0.2‐3.4]; P = 0.03). All participants (100%) were very satisfied with tele‐EF classes, and 12 participants (86%) reported that their condition had much improved or very much improved since beginning the EF exercise program. Lastly, there were no serious adverse events.

Conclusion

Findings from this pilot trial indicate that tele‐EF is feasible and acceptable in rural older adults with knee OA.
SAMHSA's new Office of Recovery includes mental illness
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2022

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) has taken another step toward merging mental illness and substance use disorder (SUD) with its new Office of Recovery that blends both. Peers (differentiated from professionals) with “lived experience” of having either SUDs, mental illness, or both in the SAMHSA‐preferred terminology of “co‐occurring” will be key to this new office, which was announced last fall (see Advocates hold hope that SAMHSA office will deliver for recovery support, ADAW Oct. 11, 2021; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.33218).
Cytoprotection of Human Progenitor and Stem Cells through Encapsulation in Alginate Templated, Dual Crosslinked Silk and Silk–Gelatin Composite Hydrogel Microbeads
Authors: Hasturk Onur , Smiley Jordan A. , Arnett Miles , Sahoo Jugal Kishore , Staii Cristian , Kaplan David L.
Published: June 2022

Susceptibility of mammalian cells against harsh processing conditions limit their use in cell transplantation and tissue engineering applications. Besides modulation of the cell microenvironment, encapsulation of mammalian cells within hydrogel microbeads attract attention for cytoprotection through physical isolation of the encapsulated cells. The hydrogel formulations used for cell microencapsulation are largely dominated by ionically crosslinked alginate (Alg), which suffer from low structural stability under physiological culture conditions and poor cell–matrix interactions. Here the fabrication of Alg templated silk and silk/gelatin composite hydrogel microspheres with permanent or on‐demand cleavable enzymatic crosslinks using simple and cost‐effective centrifugation‐based droplet processing are demonstrated. The composite microbeads display structural stability under ion exchange conditions with improved mechanical properties compared to ionically crosslinked Alg microspheres. Human mesenchymal stem and neural progenitor cells are successfully encapsulated in the composite beads and protected against environmental factors, including exposure to polycations, extracellular acidosis, apoptotic cytokines, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, anoikis, immune recognition, and particularly mechanical stress. The microbeads preserve viability, growth, and differentiation of encapsulated stem and progenitor cells after extrusion in viscous polyethylene oxide solution through a 27‐gauge fine needle, suggesting potential applications in injection‐based delivery and three‐dimensional bioprinting of mammalian cells with higher success rates.