bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SEJARAH PERJUDIAN DI BORNEO UTARA (1881-1941)
Authors: JAMES ANDREY
Published: June 2023

Borneo Utara berada di bawah pentadbiran Syarikat (Berpiagam) Borneo Utara British (SBBUB) dari awal 1881 hingga 1941. Pentadbiran SBBUB melaksanakan pelbagai dasar untuk memastikan pemerintahan politik Borneo Utara lancar dan teratur. Antara langkah yang diambil oleh SBBUB adalah dengan membawa masuk buruh Cina dan Jawa. Namun, buruh asing menyebabkan berlakunya kegiatan perjudian sebagai aktiviti sosial baru di Borneo Utara. Objektif makalah ini adalah untuk menganalisis aktiviti perjudian di Borneo Utara semasa pentadbiran SBBUB. Sumber primer digunakan dalam perbincangan terutamanya sumber dokumen pentadbiran kolonial dan juga laporan tahunan kerajaan. Sumber sekunder seperti buku dan jurnal juga dirujuk untuk mengukuhkan analisis perbincangan. Dapatan kajian makalah ini ialah imigran Cina berperanan sebagai pengusaha pusat perjudian di kebanyakan ladang pertanian di Borneo Utara. Manakala imigran Jawa pula sebagai pelanggan kepada pusat-perjudian berkenaan. Aktiviti perjudian semakin berkembang apabila pihak SBBUB mengeluarkan lesen perjudian dan mewujudkan ruangan pusat perjudian yang berdaftar.

North Borneo was under the British North Borneo (Chartered) Company (BNBCC) administration from early 1881 to 1941. The BNBCC administration implemented various policies to ensure the smooth and orderly political governance of North Borneo. Among the steps taken by BNBCC is to bring in Chinese and Javanese manpower. But foreign workers are causing gambling activities as a new social activity in North Borneo. The objective of this paper is to analyze gambling activities in North Borneo during the BNBCC administration. Primary sources are used in discussions especially sources of colonial administrative documents as well as annual government reports. Secondary sources such as books and journals are also referred to to strengthen discussion analysis. The findings of this paper are that Chinese immigrants serve as operators of gambling centers in most agricultural estets in North Borneo. Meanwhile, Javanese immigrants are customers of the gambling centers. Gambling activities are growing when BNBC issues gambling licenses and creates a registered gambling center space.
PERKEMBANGAN AKTIVITI PERKAPALAN DAN PELABUHAN DI BORNEO UTARA: 1881-1941
Authors: Edinin Nursyazwani , De Silva Maureen
Published: June 2023

Industri perkapalan dunia mengalami perubahan yang amat ketara setelah tercetusnya Revolusi Industri di Eropah dan juga pembinaan Terusan Suez sekitar abad ke-19 yang telah memendekkan perjalanan dari Barat ke Timur, sekali gus mengubah landskap dunia maritim ketika itu. Perahu layar dan juga tongkang-tongkang yang dahulunya digunakan oleh pelayar dan pedagang telah digantikan dengan kapal-kapal wap yang mampu belayar lebih lama dan tidak bergantung dengan cuaca. Malah, kapal-kapal wap ini juga mampu membawa muatan yang lebih banyak dan mempunyai ruang yang luas. Di Borneo Utara, aktiviti perkapalan dan pelabuhan semakin rancak apabila pihak SBUB mengambil alih pentadbiran Borneo Utara. Perkembangan laluan maritim dan aktiviti perdagangan semasa era imperialisme baharu telah menyebabkan kapal dari pelbagai syarikat perkapalan singgah di pelabuhan-pelabuhan utama di Borneo Utara untuk menjalankan aktiviti sehingga memberi impak kepada perkembangan industri perkapalan dan pelabuhan di Borneo Utara sendiri. Berdasarkan penggunaan sumber primer (laporan tahunan, surat dan akhbar kolonial) dan sumber kedua, artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubung kait di antara aktiviti perkapalan dan kewujudan dan perkembangan pelabuhan di Borneo Utara. Secara khususnya, ia cuba merungkaikan persoalan tentang latar belakang dan motif syarikat perkapalan datang ke Borneo Utara, bagaimana pengoperasian kapal-kapal ini di Borneo Utara dan sejauh mana aktiviti yang melibatkan perkapalan ini telah memberi impak kepada perkembangan beberapa pelabuhan di tanah jajahan ini.
PERKEMBANGAN PERNIAGAAN KECIL MASYARAKAT DUSUN DI TAMU KOTA BELUD, SABAH, 1881-1940
Authors: Lalim Marry
Published: June 2023

Artikel ini memfokuskan kepada perkembangan aktiviti perniagaan kecil yang dijalankan oleh masyarakat Dusun di Kota Belud semasa era zaman penjajahan British antara tahun 1881 sehingga tahun 1940. Penulisan artikel ini berdasarkan daripada beberapa sumber primer seperti fail sekretariat, laporan-laporan kerajaan, surat khabar, manakala sumber sekunder melalui buku. Secara amnya, kedatangan Syarikat Berpiagam Borneo Utara British (SBBUB) pada tahun 1881 banyak memberi perubahan terhadap pelbagai kehidupan masyarakat tempatan khususnya masyarakat Dusun sehingga mengubah corak kegiatan ekonomi, daripada bersifat sara diri kepada ekonomi perniagaan kecil di kawasan tamu Kota Belud. Sebelum kedatangan SBBUB ini, aktiviti penduduk Dusun adalah sara diri tanpa adanya campur tangan dengan pihak luar dan tidak banyak berinteraksi dengan masyarakat luar. Namun, transformasi ini mula berlaku ketika SBBUB cuba campur tangan dalam sistem ekonomi mereka dan turut mengambil alih pentadbiran di daerah tersebut. Dalam artikel ini, kegiatan perniagaan kecil masyarakat Dusun diberi perhatian utama dengan memfokuskan perkembangan kegiatan perniagaan mereka, faktor penglibatan dan kesan penglibatan SBBUB dalam aktiviti perniagaan kecil di Kota Belud. Kewujudan dan penglibatan masyarakat Dusun dalam aktiviti perniagaan kecil di Kota Belud juga dipengaruhi sifat masyarakat ini yang mementingkan kelangsungan hidup menyebabkan aktiviti perniagaan kecil ini terus berkembang pada ketika itu.
KERELEVANAN HUGUAN SIOU DALAM KONTEKS KESATUAN MASYARAKAT KADAZANDUSUN
Authors: Matin Ceroliza
Published: June 2023

Huguan Siou telah wujud sekian lama dalam konteks sistem pentadbiran tradisional masyarakat Kadazandusun dan masih digunakan dalam konteks moden bagi mewujudkan perpaduan demi mengangkat masyarakat ini pada kedudukan yang berpengaruh dalam politik dan sosial di Sabah. Huguan Siou atau Pemimpin Agung ini merupakan simbol kesatuan dan perpaduan puak atau pelbagai etnik yang wujud dalam masyarakat Kadazandusun melalui institusi kebudayaan. Seiring dengan kemunculan nasionalisme di Sabah, bagi masyarakat Kadazandusun, Huguan Siou merupakan status pemimpin yang dapat memimpin mereka dengan mempunyai kuasa dan pengaruh bagi mewakili perjuangan politik mereka. Walau bagaimanapun, penglibatannya dalam bidang politik telah menimbulkan pelbagai perspektif setelah wujud pelbagai aliran separatisme sosial dan politik dalam masyarakat Kadazandusun. Justeru, kertas kerja ini akan cuba menjelaskan kerelevanan Huguan Siou dalam konsep dan realiti kesatuan masyarakat Kadazandusun. Harapan penulis, penjelasan yang diberikan dapat memberi gambaran dan memperlihatkan Huguan Siou sebagai status dan gelaran terpenting dalam masyarakat Kadazandusun dulu dan sekarang. Maka, analisis fakta yang digunakan adalah mengikut pendekatan disiplin sejarah dengan merujuk kepada, sumber primer, sumber sekunder dan sumber lisan.
İngiliz Arşiv Belgelerine Göre I. Dünya Savaşı Sonrası Irak Petrolleri Konusunda İtilaf Devletlerinin Anlaşma Çabaları
Authors: IŞIK Mustafa
Published: June 2023

Petrolün Dünya siyasetine nüfuz etmeye başlaması ile Sanayi Devrimi’ni tamamlayan ve dünya politiğinde söz sahibi olan tüm devletler, petrolün çıkarıldığı veya çıkarılabileceği noktalara yoğunlaşmışlardı. Başta Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD) ve İngiltere olmak üzere gelişmiş ülkeler, modern anlamda motor teknolojisinin sağladığı hıza ve güce petrol sayesinde ulaşabileceklerini düşünüyorlardı. Bu kapsamda emperyal devletler gerek şirketleşme gerekse pazar açısından, amansız bir yarışa girişmişlerdi. Özellikle ABD merkezli Standard Oil Company (SOC) ve İngiltere-Hollanda merkezli Royal Dutch-Shell Company (R-DSC) hem rakipleri hem de kendileri arasındaki yarışın, üçüncü ülkelere sıçraması dünyayı, petrol açısından dönülmez bir kader çizgisine sürüklemiştir. I. Dünya Savaşı öncesi özellikle İran’ın güney bölgelerinde petrol yatırımları yapan İngilizlerin, donanmayı petrol bazlı yakıta dönüştürmesi ile bu mücadelede artık geride kalma lüksüne sahip değildi. I. Dünya Savaşı ve sonrasında daha da ateşlenen bu yarış, Orta Doğu’ya sıçramış ve parçalanan Osmanlı Devleti topraklarında petrol bölgesi kapma yarışına dönüşmüştür. Milletler Cemiyeti kararı ile Musul, Bağdat, Basra Vilayetlerinden oluşan Irak’ın, İngiliz mandasına bırakması galip devletlerin buradan çıkarılacak olan petrol için karşı karşıya gelmesine neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada bahsi geçen mücadele İngiliz arşiv belgeleri ve İngiliz basınına yansımaları üzerinden değerlendirip açıklamaya çalışılacaktır.
UJI EFEK DIURETIK EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH MENTIMUN (Cucumis sativus L.) PADA MENCIT (Mus muscullus)
Authors: Firmansyah Firmansyah
Published: June 2023

Diuretik merupakan obat yang meningkatkan laju aliran urin dan sekresi natrium serta digunakan untuk mengatur volume dan atau komposisi cairan tubuh pada berbagai keadaan klinis. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui ekstrak kulit buah mentimun sebagai efek diuretik pada mencit dan untuk menentukan konsentrasi ekstrak kulit buah mentimun yang efektif sebagai diuretik pada mencit. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimental laboratorium yang di laksanakan di Laboratorium Farmakologi Jurusan Farmasi Univeristas Pancasakti Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan 15 ekor mencit jantan yang di bagi menjadi 5 kelompok, yaitu kelompok I (Na. CMC 1% b/v) sebagai kontol negatif, kelompok II (Ekstrak 100 mg/kgBB), III (Ekstrak 200 mg/kgBB), dan IV (Ekstrak 300 mg/kgBB), serta kelompok V diberi Furosemid sebagai kontrol positif. Pengamatan volume urin dilakukan selama 3 jam setelah perlakuan untuk mengetahui efek diuretik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pemberian ekstrak kulit buah mentimun memberikan efek diuretik terhadap mencit dan pemberian ekstrak kulit buah mentimun dengan konsentrasi 300 mg menunjukkan efek paling besar sebagai diuretik terhadap mencit, tetapi efeknya masih lebih rendah daripada pemberian suspensi furosemide dengan dosis 0,156 mg.
An Enhanced Student Engagement and Academic Performance Predictive System
Authors: Chukwuemeka Ubani Kingsley , Angela Obayi Adaora , Abiodun Oloruntobe Samson , Chukwunike Agbo Jonathan , C. Cassia Anwar
Published: June 2023

Student engagement is one of the important constructs that is used to understand the behavior of the student towards the teaching-learning process, and it determines the students’ academic performance. The aim of this study is for predictive analytics to work on the comprehension of student commitment and scholarly execution and anticipate students who are in danger of low execution or commitment right on time before the evaluation to work with conceivable mediation to further develop the learning results in advanced education. This research adopts the process of machine learning such as linear regression, decision tree, naïve Bayes, KNN, Kmeans in order to identify the most effective determinants for student academic performance prediction. The result of this study shows that after testing the five attributes, we discovered so far that the attributes that has impact on student evaluation are their Race/Ethnicity and Parental level of Education. Thus, the early prediction of student performance can trigger educators to track student dropouts in a particular course at an early stage. The model can also be used as an early warning system to identify failure students in the classroom by the course coordinators and educators, to take strategic decisions to improve student performance.
Akıllı Kentlere Genel Bir Bakış
Authors: YİMSEK Ferhat Sadi , YAKAR Murat
Published: June 2023

Günümüzde dünya üzerinde insan nüfusunun büyük bir çoğunluğunun şehirlerde yaşamakta olduğu bilinmekte ve gelecekte şehirlerdeki nüfus yoğunluğunun daha da artacağı öngörülmektedir. Şehirlerin insanlara sağladığı kolaylıklar ve konforun yanında buralardaki hızlı ve kontrolsüz nüfus artışıyla birlikte şehir yönetimlerinde de çeşitli zorluklarla karşılaşılmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda şehirlerde karşılaşılan problemlere ekonomik, çevre dostu, teknolojik ve insan odaklı yaklaşımlarla çözümler getirilmesi gün geçtikçe önem kazanan bir konu olmakta ve problemlere getirilen akılcı çözümlerin bir bütününü ifade eden “akıllı kentler” kavramı ortaya çıkmaktadır. Akıllı kentler kavramı ile kentler sahip oldukları doğal kaynaklar da dahil tüketmek zorunda oldukları tüm kaynakları optimum düzeyde tüketmeyi hedeflemekte ve bu yolla sürdürülebilir kentler ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada akıllı kentler ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalara literatür taramasına dayalı genel bir bakış yapılacak ve okuyucunun bu konuda genel bir bilgi edinmesi sağlanacaktır. Akıllı kent kavramı dünya genelinde ve ülkemizdeki örnekleriyle incelenecek, akıllı kent uygulamaları nelerdir, akıllı kentlerin zayıf ve güçlü yönleri nelerdir, akıllı kent sistemleri mevcut kentlere nasıl entegre edilebilir sorularına cevaplar aranacaktır.
DIMINUIÇÃO DA MAIORIDADE PENAL: EVOLUÇÃO OU RETROCESSO?
Authors: Souza Guilherme Oliveira de , Leite André Luis Fregapani
Published: June 2023

O presente artigo cientifico busca estudar sobre a redução da maioridade penal e as opiniões sobre a sua mudança, com isso, vem à tona a discussão sobre a  possibilidade da diminuição da idade penal aos olhos da Constituição Federal (1988), o objetivo geral é tentar por meio de embasamentos teóricos feitos por respeitáveis juristas, trazer um melhor entendimento a respeito das divergências de opiniões, sobre a diminuição da maioridade penal, buscando também as hipóteses se é possível diminuir a idade penal ou se a maioridade penal extirparia os crimes cometidos por menores, para tanto, abordar-se-á os aspectos constitucionais referentes a menoridade penal, trazendo as definições e as finalidades dos princípios norteadores da aplicação da medida socioeducativa mostrando que esse trabalho é importante para o operador de Direito, devido às questões que versam sobre criança, o adolescente, os atos inflacionários e a imputabilidade penal, além de gerar debates e opiniões controversas, que fazem parte do universo profissional do ponto de vista legal.
A REGULARIZAÇÃO SANITÁRIA DA TOXINA BOTULÍNICA E SUA APLICAÇÃO EM SAÚDE ESTÉTICA
Authors: Resende Lorena Muniz , Colli Luciana Ferreira Mattos
Published: June 2023

A Toxina Botulínica é uma proteína de origem biológica produzida pela bactéria Clostridium botulinum, aprovado pela Anvisa (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária) em 1992. O botox tornou-se a primeira toxina botulínica registrada no Brasil e, desde então, tem recebido um número progressivo de indicações estéticas e terapêuticas. É um produto farmacêutico biológico, isto é, derivado de um organismo vivo que atualmente é muito usada no ramo do rejuvenescimento. Cada vez mais conquistando o coração de quem busca uma aparência mais jovem. A TBA é uma droga, que também é utilizada para o tratamento da espasticidade (distúrbio de controle) muscular de membros superiores, após ocorrência de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC), em pacientes. Muitos não sabem, mas farmacêuticos habilitado em estética pode aplicar Toxina Botulínica. O Conselho Federal de Farmácia (CFF), esclarece que, ao contrário do que tem sido equivocadamente divulgado, os farmacêuticos estão autorizados a atuar na área de estética, inclusive na aplicação da toxina botulínica por ser um produto farmacêutico biológico.
A (IN)COMPATIBILIDADE DO REGIME SEMIABERTO E A PRISÃO PREVENTIVA À LUZ DOS TRIBUNAIS SUPERIORES
Authors: Silva Maria Clara dos Anjos Andrade , Sobrinho Maria Gabriela de Queiroz , Saraiva Rodrigo Araújo
Published: June 2023

O presente artigo científico versa sobre a existência de dois institutos processuais penais do sistema jurídico brasileiro, quais sejam a prisão na modalidade preventiva e o cumprimento de pena sob o regime semiaberto, com foco na discussão a respeito da incidência conjunta de ambos. Assim, a análise em comento nortearar-se-á pelo questionamento se seria possível, diante da análise dos Tribunais Superiores, da cumulatividade entre a prisão preventiva e o cumprimento de pena sob o regime semiaberto. Com isso, de modo geral, a pesquisa buscará discutir acerca de ambos os institutos à luz do Supremo Tribunal Federal – STF e do Superior Tribunal de Justiça – STJ e, de modo, mais direcionado, buscou analisar o aspecto conceitual e natureza jurídica dos institutos em apreço, para melhor elucidação da discussão acerca da sua possibilidade ou não de cumulação prática. Para alcançar uma discussão exitosa, a pesquisa em comento, de forma metodológica, pauta-se numa pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico, documental, com estudo de doutrina e outros artigos científicos especializados na matéria da temática, bem como análise da legislação pátria e jurisprudência dos Tribunais Superiores, de modo a partir de premissas gerais até chegar a aspectos mais específicos, com nítida técnica dedutiva de estudo. Assim, o trabalho se estrutura em quatro partes, quais sejam o instituto da prisão preventiva como instrumento processual, a análise dos regimes de pena no Brasil, com foco no regime semiaberto, passando-se à análise da cumulatividade desses dois institutos pelo STF e STJ.
Ambient methane monitoring at Hohenpeißenberg utilizing photoacoustic spectroscopy and cavity ring down spectroscopy
Authors: Müller Max , Weigl Stefan , Müller-Williams Jennifer , Lindauer Matthias , Rück Thomas , Jobst Simon , Bierl Rudolf , Matysik Frank-Michael
Published: June 2023

Abstract. With an atmospheric concentration of approximately 2000 parts per billion (ppbV, 10−9) methane (CH4) is the second most abundant greenhouse gas (GHG) in the atmosphere after carbon dioxide (CO2). The task of long-term and spatially resolved GHG monitoring to verify whether climate policy actions are effective, is becoming more crucial as climate change progresses. In this paper we report the CH4 concentration readings of our photoacoustic (PA) sensor over a five day period at Hohenpeißenberg, Germany. As a reference device a calibrated cavity ringdown spectrometer Picarro G2301 from the meteorological observatory was employed. Trace gas measurements with photoacoustic instruments promise to provide low detection limits at comparably low costs. However, PA devices are often susceptible to cross-sensitivities related to environmental influences. The obtained results show that relaxation effects due to fluctuating environmental conditions, e.g. ambient humidity, are a non-negligible factor in PA sensor systems. Applying algorithm compensation techniques, which are capable of calculating the infl uence of relaxational effects on the photoacoustic signal, increase the accuracy of the photoacoustic sensor significantly. With an average relative deviation of 1.11 % from the G2301, the photoacoustic sensor shows good agreement with the reference instrument.
Parameterized minimum eddy diffusivity in WRF-Chem(v3.9.1.1) for improving PM2.5 simulation in the stable boundary layer over eastern China
Authors: Lu Wen , Zhu Bin , Yan Shuqi , Li Jie , Wang Zifa
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Weak turbulence often occurs during heavy pollution events in eastern China. However, existing mesoscale models cannot accurately simulate turbulent diffusion under weakened turbulence, particularly under the nocturnal stable boundary layer (SBL), often leading to significant turbulent diffusivity underestimation and surface aerosol simulation overestimation. In this study, based on the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with the Chemistry model (WRF-Chem 3.9.1), a new parameterization of minimum turbulent diffusivity (Kzmin) is tested and applied in PM2.5 simulations in eastern China under SBL conditions. Sensitivity experiments show that there are different value ranges of available Kzmin over the northern (0.8 to 1.3 m2·s-1) and southern (1.0 to 1.5 m2·s-1) regions of East China. The geographically related Kzmin could be parameterized by means of two factors: sensible heat flux (H) and latent heat flux (LE), which also exhibited a regional difference related to the climate and underlying surface. The revised Kzmin scheme obviously enhanced the turbulent diffusion (north: 0.88 m2·s-1, south: 1.17 m2·s-1 on average) under the SBL, simultaneously improving the PM2.5 simulations, with the PM2.5 relative bias decreasing from 43.0 % to 15.6 % on the surface. The improvement in the mean bias of the surface simulation was more noticeable in the north (54.01 to 3.79 ug·m-3) than in the south (37.05 to 17.99 ug·m-3). It also increased the PM2.5 concentration in the upper SBL. Furthermore, we discussed the physical relationship between Kzmin and two factors. Kzmin was inversely correlated with sensible heat flux (negative) and latent heat flux (positive) in the SBL. Process analysis showed that vertical mixing is the key process to improve PM2.5 simulations on the surface in the revised scheme. The increase in the PM2.5 concentration in the upper SBL was attributed to vertical mixing, advection, and aerosol chemistry. This study highlights the importance of improving turbulent diffusion in current mesoscale models under the SBL and has great significance for aerosol simulation research under heavy air pollution events.
Direct formation of HONO through aqueous-phase photolysis of organic nitrates
Authors: González-Sánchez Juan Miguel , Huix-Rotllant Miquel , Brun Nicolas , Morin Julien , Demelas Carine , Durand Amandine , Ravier Sylvain , Clément Jean-Louis , Monod Anne
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Organic nitrates (RONO2) are secondary compounds whose fate is closely related to the transport and removal of NOx in the atmosphere. Despite their ubiquitous presence in submicron aerosols, the photochemistry of RONO2 has only been investigated in the gas phase, leaving their reactivity in condensed phases poorly explored. This work aims to address this gap by investigating, for the first time, the reaction products, and the mechanisms of aqueous-phase photolysis of four RONO2 (i.e., isopropyl nitrate, isobutyl nitrate, α-nitrooxyacetone, and 1-nitrooxy-2-propanol). The results show that the reactivity of RONO2 in the aqueous phase differs significantly from that in the gas phase. In contrast to the gas phase, where RONO2 releases NOx upon photolysis, the aqueous phase photolysis of RONO2 leads primarily to the direct formation of HONO, which was confirmed by quantum chemistry calculations. Hence, the aqueous-phase photolysis of RONO2 represents both a NOx sink and a source of atmospheric HONO, a significant precursor of ∙OH and ∙NO. These secondary radicals (·OH and ·NO) are efficiently trapped in the aqueous phase, leading to the formation of HNO3 and functionalized RONO2. This reactivity can thus potentially contribute to the aging of Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) and serve as an additional source of aqueous-phase SOA.
Role of thermodynamic and turbulence processes on the fog life cycle during SOFOF3D experiment
Authors: Dione Cheikh , Haeffelin Martial , Burnet Frédéric , Lac Christine , Canut Guylaine , Delanoë Julien , Dupont Jean-Charles , Jorquera Susana , Martinet Pauline , Ribaud Jean-François , Toledo Felipe
Published: June 2023

Abstract. In this study, we use a synergy of in-situ and remote sensing measurements collected during the Southwest FOGs 3D experiment for processes study (SOFOG3D) field campaign in autumn 2019 and winter 2020, to analyze the thermodynamic and turbulence processes related to fog formation, evolution, and dissipation across southwestern France. Based on a unique dataset with a very high resolution and a fog conceptual model, an analysis of the four heaviest fog episodes (two radiation fogs and two advection-radiation fogs) is conducted. The results show that radiation and advection-radiation fogs form under deep and thin temperature inversion, respectively. For both fog categories, the transition period from stable to adiabatic fog and the fog adiabatic phase are driven by vertical mixing associated with an increase in turbulence in the fog layer due to mechanical production (turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) up to 0.4 m2 s-2 and vertical velocity variance (σw2) up to 0.04 m2 s-2) generated by brisk wind at the supersite (advection). The dissipation time is observed at night for the advection-radiation fog case studies and during the day for the radiation fog case studies. Night-time dissipation is driven by horizontal advection generating mechanical turbulence (TKE at least 0.3 m2 s-2 and σw2 larger than 0.04 m2 s-2). Daytime dissipation is linked to the combination of thermal and mechanical turbulence related respectively to solar heating (near surface sensible heat flux larger than 10 W m-2) and advection. Through a deficit of the fog reservoir of liquid water path, the fog conceptual model estimates the dissipation time at least one hour before the observed dissipation for radiation fog cases. It gives a better estimate of the fog dissipation time for advection-radiation cases. This study also demonstrates the importance of using instrumental synergy (with microwave radiometer, wind lidar, weather station, and cloud radar) and a fog conceptual model to better predict fog characteristics and dissipation time at nowcasting ranges.
Documents, Reanalysis, and Global Circulation Models: A New Method for Reconstructing Historical Climate Focusing on Present-day Inland Tanzania, 1856–1890
Authors: Gooding Philip , Lazenby Melissa J. , Frogley Michael R. , Dai Cecile , Su Wenqi
Published: June 2023

Abstract. This article proposes a novel methodology for reconstructing past climatic conditions in regions and time-periods for which there is limited evidence from documentary and natural proxy sources. Focusing on present-day inland Tanzania during the period 1856–1890, it integrates evidence from qualitative documentary sources with quantitative outputs from climate reanalysis and global circulation models (GCMs), which enables the creation of interdisciplinary seasonal time-series of rainfall variability for three distinct locales. It does so by indexing each dataset to the same 7-point scale and weighting each output according to a predefined level of confidence in the documentary data. This process challenges the subjectivity of nineteenth-century Europeans in Africa, whose reports form the basis of the documentary material, and adds evidence from the region, which is currently lacking from the latest reanalysis products and GCMs. The result is a more scientifically grounded interpretation of documentary materials and a more locally grounded estimation of rainfall that would otherwise be gained from referring to reanalysis or GCMs alone. The methodology is validated with reference to observed long-term trends gathered from (paleo)limnological studies, and it is shown to provide marked insights into four periods of environmental stress in the region’s late-nineteenth-century past. Future challenges may involve integrating evidence from oral traditions and adapting the methodology for other regions and time-periods.
AIUB-GRACE gravity field solutions for G3P: processing strategies and instrument parametrization
Authors: Darbeheshti Neda , Lasser Martin , Meyer Ulrich , Arnold Daniel , Jaeggi Adrian
Published: June 2023

Abstract. This paper discusses strategies to improve the GRACE monthly solutions computed at the Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern (AIUB) which are contributing to the Horizon 2020 project G3P - Global Gravity-based Groundwater Product. To improve the AIUB-GRACE gravity field solutions, we updated the use of the Level-1B observations and adapted the background models, and improved the processing strategies in terms of instrument screening and parametrization. We used the latest Release 3 K-Band product (KBR) and star camera data (L1B RL03), and adopted the latest Release 6 of the Atmospheric and Ocean De-aliasing (AOD1B RL06) product. For the accelerometer parametrization, we used arc-wise full scale factor matrix and arc-wise third-order polynomial biases. The new accelerometer parametrization is effective to reduce noise over the oceans in gravity field solutions especially for the late years of the GRACE mission when the thermal control was switched off. In this paper, we show that the outliers in KBR antenna offset correction (AOC) are projected into the range-rate residuals; therefore, we used the KBR AOC as the main source for outlier detection and eliminated the AOC above a threshold for all data before the gravity field processing.
The role of block play in promoting engineering in young children
Authors:   , Shah Deepali
Published: June 2023

STEM education, particularly engineering, is essential for children's development. However, engineering is often overlooked in early childhood. This case study explored how open-ended materials such as blocks can promote engineering in children. This study examined the role of educator guidance in promoting engineering in children. The study observed preschool children aged four to five over four weeks during indoor block play and found that they displayed engineering behaviours, with problem-solving and collaboration being the most demonstrated behaviours. Early childhood educators require support in encouraging engineering education, and future research could advance our understanding of promoting engineering among preschoolers using blocks.
Bayesian approaches for modelling discrete-time self-exciting processes and their applications
Authors:   , Browning Raiha
Published: June 2023

A Hawkes process is a temporal, self-exciting point process, such that events in the process may trigger future events, however, flexible representations of them are understudied. This thesis develops and applies new statistical methods for modelling multivariate, discrete-time Hawkes processes using flexible Bayesian statistics. Spatiotemporal variants of discrete-time Hawkes processes are also studied. These models are applied to two substantive case studies. The first case study is concerned with describing the spread of the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The second case study considers the occurrence of conflict events, such as riots, protests, and terrorist activity in southern regions of Asia.
The exporter supply chain assurance system: A case study of performative regulation in Australia’s live animal export trade
Authors:   , Mcgillivray Laura
Published: June 2023

This thesis examines an element of Australia’s live animal export trade regulatory framework. The ‘Exporter Supply Chain Assurance System’ was introduced following the 2011 exposé of Australian cattle being cruelly treated in abattoirs overseas. Ongoing welfare problems in the trade demanded greater investigation into the ESCAS. The case study makes a distinctive contribution through its critical socio-legal perspective and empirical interview research with key live export trade stakeholders. The thesis finds the ESCAS to be a performative regulatory regime deployed to enable and legitimise a future for the contentious trade, while making little meaningful difference in the interests of animals.
La enseñanza del oficio: aprendizaje artesano en la Palencia del siglo XVII
Authors: Rodríguez Blanco Cynthia
Published: June 2023

En este artículo se analizará la situación sociolaboral de los aprendices palentinos a lo largo del periodo moderno, haciendo especial incidencia en la década de 1650-1660. Para ello nos hemos servido de los numerosos contratos de aprendizaje insertos en los protocolos notariales que permiten conocer qué oficios desempeñaban, a qué edad se incorporaban al gremio e incluso las condiciones en las se desarrollarían sus vidas en casa del maestro. Un maestro que les enseñaba, les daba de comer, les vestía y controlaba toda su vida, pues mientras se mantuviese en vigor el contrato de aprendizaje el muchacho era un miembro más de la familia del maestro.
La carretería, una actividad rural en la Castilla Moderna. El caso de Almodóvar del Pinar en los siglos XVII y XVIII
Authors: Poujade Patrice
Published: June 2023

Almodóvar del Pinar, a mediados del siglo XVIII, fue uno de los principales pueblos carreteros castellanos, actividad que aparece en esos momentos como casi exclusiva de sus habitantes. Estudiando específicamente los protocolos notariales de manera serial, se observa la constitución progresiva de la carretería a partir de finales del siglo XVI y su desarrollo rápido durante los primeros años de la centuria siguiente. A pesar de las dificultades económicas y demográficas del siglo XVII y de unos altibajos más o menos duraderos, el acarreo se mantuvo a un nivel alto aprovechando la coyuntura, en especial las guerras que ofrecieron a los carreteros oportunidades importantes. Esto es una de las razones que podrían explicar por qué un lugar como Almodóvar del Pinar se convirtió en pueblo carretero. La demanda monárquica durante los conflictos militares consolidó la carretería que se mantuvo gracias al servicio real.
Fugite partes adversae. Una invocación protectora contra el demonio en una inscripción latina inédita sobre metal
Authors: Ramírez-Sánchez Manuel
Published: June 2023

El presente artículo realiza el estudio y edición de un texto grabado sobre una lámina de metal dorado que contiene una invocación protectora contra el demonio, así como numerosas siglas de fórmulas protectoras que reproducen la cédula contra el demonio de San Antonio de Padua, transmitida en diversos impresos en la Edad Moderna. Se plantea la hipótesis de que el referente textual que se copia en este amuleto proceda de un impreso del siglo XVIII, aunque la ejecución del epígrafe podría ser posterior.
Emprendedor informal en la ciudad de Pamplona, Norte De Santander: una mirada desde la post-pandemia- 2022
Authors: Amaris Castro Ubaldina Esther , Pérez Duarte María Fernanda , Rueda Hueso Julián David
Published: June 2023

El emprendimiento es un tema importante, porque, por medio de este se contribuye al desarrollo económico, le aporta a la sociedad nuevos productos y servicios; además que, el crecimiento y renovación de este ayuda a mitigar los negocios informales que se presentan en un contexto a nivel mundial. Ante todo, las tipologías de emprendedores en negocios informales es un tema importante para el progreso de la región de Norte de Santander y, en especial, para la ciudad de Pamplona. Por consiguiente, el paradigma de esta investigación es de carácter interpretativo con un enfoque cualitativo y método de estudio de caso aplicado a través de una entrevista semiestructurada. En suma, los resultados visualizados, que se orientan al tipo de emprendedores identificados en estos negocios informales, son, en su mayoría, los de forma de vida o supervivencia, según se señala en el diagnóstico realizado, del cual se concluye que la decisión de emprender de manera informal se asocia a la insatisfacción con el salario y la necesidad de crear más recursos para todos los miembros de la familia. A partir del análisis de la variedad en los emprendedores y las características que los clasifican en diferentes secciones y rendimientos económicos, se determinara si aplican en las tipologías existentes o si se evidencian nuevos tipos de emprendedores.
Sağlık Kurumlarında Stratejik Uyumluluk Kontrolü-İşlevsel Analiz
Authors: YILDIRIM Kadir , ALTINTAŞ Tuğba
Published: June 2023

Bir örgütün nelere sahip olduğunu, neleri iyi yapabildiğini belirleyebilmesi için etkili ve uygun stratejileri ortaya koyabilmesi gerekir. Proaktif bir metedoloji ile çalışmalara temel dayanak olarak oluşturulacak olan işlevsel analiz, sağlık kurumlarını izleme, analiz ve değerlendirme yaparak iyileştirme çalışmalarına zemin hazırlar. İşlevsel analiz ile yapılan değerlendirmeler; sağlık kurumlarında sunulan hizmetlerin hem verimliliği hem de etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesini sağlar. Gelişme fırsatlarının belirlenmesi ve faaliyetlerin periyodik olarak takip edilmesi, yöneticilerin farkındalık ve bilgi düzeylerini yükseltir. Örnek uygulamaları ortaya çıkararak diğer sağlık kurumlarınca kullanılma fırsatı sunar. İşlevsel analiz aşamaları ve oluşturulacak alt göstergeler karar vermede kolaylık ve objektiflik sağlar. Kapsamlı bir çalışma ile işlevsel analiz için oluşturulacak parametreler, tüm sağlık kurumlarına uygulanabilir şekilde ve bunlara ek ihtiyaçlar, özel durumlar için revize edilebilir veya geliştirilebilir göstergelerle yaygın hale getirilebilir. Analiz sonucunda elde edilen veriler belirlenen işlevsel analiz unsurları ile karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilerek, farklı ölçütlerde gruplandırılmış ve etkin bir sisteme yönelik ipuçları ortaya koyar.
IMPROVING IPS LEARNING OUTCOMES THROUGH PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING (PBL) MODELS IN CLASS V STUDENTS OF SD NEGERI NO 126 BORONG DISTRICT HERLANG, BULUKUMBA DISTRICT
Authors: Afni Nur , Wahid Abdul
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) Yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar IPS Melalui Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) Pada siswa kelas V SD Negeri No. 126 Borong kecamatan Herlang Kabupaten Bulukumba. Penelitian ini di laksanakan dalam dua siklus di mana setiap siklus terdiri dari 4 pertemuan 22 subjek penelitian yaitu siswa kelas V SD Negeri No. 126 Borong Kecaamatan Herlang Kabupaten Bulukumba. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan instrument lembar observasi untuk melihat aktivitas guru dan siswa serta tes untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan nilai rata-rata siswa dan ketuntas belajar siswa. Nilai rata-rata pada siklus I adalah 66.14 dan pada siklus II mengalami peningkatan menjadi 76.59. ketuntasan belajar siswa siswa pada siklus I adalah 25% dan pada siklus II mengalami peningkatan menjadi 90%.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN STUDENTS’ CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS AND THEIR READING COMPREHENSION AT UNDERGARDUATE STUDY PROGRAM ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MAKASSAR
Authors: Ramadhani Nurul , Salija Kisman , Baa Sultan
Published: June 2023

The study's goal was to determine the level of students' critical thinking skills, the level of students' reading comprehension, the classification of the students' critical thinking skills toward the students' reading comprehension, and whether there was a significant correlation between students' critical thinking skills and their reading comprehension. The study used quantitative methods, specifically a correlational study. The participants were from the English Education Study Program of fifth semester students at Universitas Negeri Makassar. The study's findings revealed that critical thinking skills were significantly correlated with reading comprehension using Pearson Product Moment analysis. This study clearly revealed that most students had a high proclivity for critical thinking while reading English texts, which included interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, explanation, and self-regulation. Thus, the results show that Students who think critically are more creative and critical in their understanding of ideas
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONFORMITY AND IMPULSIVE BUYING IN ADOLESCENTS IN MAKASSAR CITY
Authors: Rhesa Muhammad , Ichsan Ichsan , Firmansyah Muhammad Reza
Published: June 2023

Remaja dikenal sebagai trendsetter yang dengat cepat mampu mengikuti tren terbaru dan menjadi golongan yang sangat mudah dipengaruhi. Remaja seringkali melakukan pembelian secara impulsive pada suatu produk yang dinilainya menarik dan hanya mengikuti teman sebaya dalam kelompok dan lingkungannya. Impulsive buying merupakan munculnya dorongan secara tiba-tiba dan adanya perasaan yang kuat untuk membeli tanpa adanya pembelian yang direncanakan sebelumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara konformitas dan impulsive buying pada remaja di Kota Makassar. Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini yaitu terdapat hubungan antara konformitas dengan impulsive buying pada remaja di Kota Makassar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,049 dan nilai koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,198 yang artinya terdapat hubungan yang lemah dan bersifat positif antara konformitas dengan impulsive buying pada remaja di Kota Makassar. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 100 remaja perempuan dan laki-laki yang berusia 13-18 tahun, memiliki kelompok teman sebaya, serta remaja yang berdomisili di Kota Makassar.
RESEARCHING LEARNING STRATEGY TRAINING IN ENGLISH CAMPS: ACTS AND FACTS
Authors: Pratiwi Widya Rizky
Published: June 2023

As English grows as a foreign language in Indonesia, which is rarely used daily, learning strategy training might be one innovation to help students acquire the target language quickly. This study aimed to research the implementation of learning strategy training in English camps and understand the effect of the training on the student’s ability to solve their learning problems, especially in speaking English. It was a qualitative design with a case study approach. This research was conducted in the English village of Kampung Inggris Pare. It limited the investigation of learning strategy training in English boardings or camps. Four participants consisting of three students and one instructor were selected purposely. The data were gathered by conducting direct observations, interviews, and photos. They were then analyzed in six steps starting from preparing raw data materials to interpreting the meaning of the theme into qualitative descriptions. The results show that the instructor trained two domains of students' soft skills: affective and cognitive. From the affective side, the instructor encouraged students' motivation to stay enthusiastic, not hesitate to speak, and are not scared of making mistakes. While from the cognitive side, the instructor trained students to learn English through their hobby or passion, such as through a song or movie for those who love music or watching. In fact, students could find and develop their own learning strategies based on their learning style and "let it flow" without paying more attention of grammar errors. Therefore, this study suggested teachers or instructors approach the students emotionally and train them to learn English with appropriate strategies based on their learning style or passion.
Climate changes, paleogeography and geological development of the northern part of Bulgarian Black Sea shelf and coast during the Quaternary
Authors: Hristova Raina
Published: June 2023

The article represents a synthesized reconstruction of the geological development of the northern part of Bulgarian Black Sea shelf and coast during the Quaternary. Marine Quaternary sediments are considered as a component of the marine ecosystem that is strongly affected by the climate changes. As a result, changes in the stratigraphic and sedimentological characteristics of the Pleistocene sediments and in particular the Holocene deposits were recorded. During the Quaternary, which is characterized by short-term, cyclic climatic fluctuations, marine shelf sediments have sealed traces of the alternation of glacial and interglacial phases. Based on detailed lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic analysis of mollusk fauna and pollen, not only are the complex dynamics of the transgressiveregressive cycles traced, but also their relationship to global and regional changes of climate and sea level is confirmed. As a result of an integrated lithofacies, biostratigraphic, and geomorphological analysis, the stratigraphic sequence of the Quaternary sediments is established as well paleogeographic conclusions are reached. Today, knowledge of natural processes such as coastal abrasion, landslides, storms, tsunami waves, etc., are directly linked to the geological risk forecast and correlate with the geoecology and sustainability of the environment in which we live. In this sense, the reconstruction of the components of the geological environment from the closest geological past – Pleistocene and Holocene, is key to forecast climate change and sea level today.
Composition and structure of marls from the Sumer Formation as an environment for geological disposal of radioactive waste
Authors: Tsvetkova Madlena
Published: June 2023

When selecting a site for the construction of a repository for high-level radioactive waste (HLW), the mineral composition of the geological environment is of primary importance. The content and type of the clay component and its structure have important implications for the insulating and sorption properties of the host rock and migration of radionuclides. In such previous studies in Bulgaria for site selection of the geological disposal of HLW the Lower Cretaceous marls (argillites) of the Sumer Formation (Western Pre-Balkans) were considered as ones of the prospective formations. This paper presents data about grain size distribution and mineral composition of the marls (argillites) at depths of 50 m and 400 m. A study was conducted on the structure of samples taken at a depth of 800 m from the Golyamo Pestene borehole. The obtained results are compared in order to clarify the homogeneity of the formation in depth. An increase in the clay fraction and the illite contained in it are observed in depth – from 22% at 18 m to 29% at 400 m, additionally, there is a slight increase in the carbonate content from 13.9% in samples up to 50 m to 26.9% on samples of 400 m. Data are presented on the volume, surface area, size and distribution of pores in the marls from 200 m depth (P-5 “Golyamo Peshtene”), which are necessary in assessing the migration of radionuclides from the repository. The majority of pores (82.4%) have a radius below 0,1 μm. A comparison is made of the mineral composition and structure of the argillites (marls) with similar clay rocks in Western Europe, where underground research laboratories have been constructed for in-situ study of the host rock.
Geochemistry of ore minerals from Chelopech deposit: I. Trace elements
in pyrite
Authors: Vangelova Victoria , Dobrev Мartin , Topchijiski Simeon , Kuzmanova Petja
Published: June 2023

The concentrations of trace elements in pyrite from blocks 8, 19-SE, 19-NW, 19-NE, 19-SW, 103-W, 103-E, 144, 146, 147, 149-south, 150, and 151 of copper-gold high sulphidation Chelopech deposit were determined by LA-ICP-MS. It was found that the pyrites from the individual blocks are enriched in different degrees of “impurity” elements: the highest contents of Ag, Au, Zn, Hg, and In are typical to block 19-NE; Se, Bi, and Ti to block 19-SE; As, Mn, Tl, V, and Cd to block 19-SW; Co and Ni to block 144; Sb and Sn to block 146; Cu to block 149-south; Pb, Te, and Ga to block 103-E and Cr to block 103-W. The obtained results also show that in collomorhic pyrites the variations in the contents of trace elements are always very large and are rather due to adsorption processes than isomorphism. In addition, pyrites are also enriched in poisonous trace elements, especially from the lower level of the northern blocks, which, however, also have the highest values of gold and silver.
Obras hidráulicas nos rios
Authors: Lima Roberto , Melville Roberto
Published: June 2023

O dossiê  apresenta alguns trabalhos resultado de diálogos entre cientistas sociais do México e do Brasil. Os artigos incluídos aqui são o resultado de uma longa conversa entre cientistas sociais associada ao estudo e gestão de grandes projetos de infra-estrutura ou megaprojetos, construídos sobre rios ou corpos de água. Em 2016, os organizadores deste dossiê, Roberto Lima (UFS) e Roberto Melville (CIESAS) encontraram-se no México e organizaram um primeiro evento no CIESAS da Cidade do México, para explorar as responsabilidades sociais dos cientistas ligados de várias maneiras a estes projetos hidráulicos. No ano seguinte, lançamos uma nova chamada de trabalhos, para nos reunirmos em uma mesa redonda no Congresso Latino-Americano de Antropologia, realizado em Bogotá. E finalmente, estamos agora publicando alguns dos artigos que atenderam à chamada da Revista O Publico e O Privado em 2021.