bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adapting an Infectious Diseases Course for “Engaged Citizen” Themes
Authors: Senchina David S.
Published: March 2016

This article describes philosophies and perspectives underpinning scientific citizenship–focused curricular changes implemented into a pre-existing undergraduate infectious diseases course. Impetus for the curricular changes was a novel, campus-wide, multidisciplinary “Engaged Citizen” theme for the general education curriculum. The first half of the article describes the larger contexts from which the curricular changes were borne and the resulting instructional model. The second half of the article shares both student and instructor perspectives on the curricular changes and potential application of the model to other science courses.
Engaging Rural Appalachian High School Girls in College Science Laboratories to Foster STEM-Related Career Interest
Authors: Kelly Karen L.
Published: March 2016

Setting students on a path to success in careers in science is a challenge in poor rural Appalachian public schools. Students face many socioeconomic obstacles. Their teachers are also limited by many factors including inadequate facilities, under-funding, geographical isolation of the schools, and state-testing constraints. Additionally, students and teachers lack the availability of outside science educational opportunities. In an effort to address this situation, 24 academically strong high school junior girls and their teachers from the Carter County School System in rural east Tennessee were invited for a laboratory day at Milligan College, a small liberal arts college in the heart of the county. Science faculty, female science majors, and admissions staff volunteered in service to the project. The event included three laboratory sessions, lunch in the college cafeteria, and campus tours. This successful example, as evidenced by positive evaluations by the invited girls and their teachers, of educational outreach by a local, small liberal arts college to a rural county school system provides a model for establishing a relationship between higher education institutions and these underprivileged schools, with the intention of drawing more of these poor, rural Appalachian students, particularly girls, into a science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) career path. Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Utilizes Nanotubes for Intercellular Spread
Authors: Guo Rui , Katz Benjamin B. , Tomich John M. , Gallagher Tom , Fang Ying
Published: March 2016

Intercellular nanotube connections have been identified as an alternative pathway for cellular spreading of certain viruses. In cells infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), nanotubes were observed connecting two distant cells with contiguous membranes, with the core infectious viral machinery (viral RNA, certain replicases, and certain structural proteins) present in/on the intercellular nanotubes. Live-cell movies tracked the intercellular transport of a recombinant PRRSV that expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged nsp2. In MARC-145 cells expressing PRRSV receptors, GFP-nsp2 moved from one cell to another through nanotubes in the presence of virus-neutralizing antibodies. Intercellular transport of viral proteins did not require the PRRSV receptor as it was observed in receptor-negative HEK-293T cells after transfection with an infectious clone of GFP-PRRSV. In addition, GFP-nsp2 was detected in HEK-293T cells cocultured with recombinant PRRSV-infected MARC-145 cells. The intercellular nanotubes contained filamentous actin (F-actin) with myosin-associated motor proteins. The F-actin and myosin IIA were identified as coprecipitates with PRRSV nsp1β, nsp2, nsp2TF, nsp4, nsp7-nsp8, GP5, and N proteins. Drugs inhibiting actin polymerization or myosin IIA activation prevented nanotube formation and viral clusters in virus-infected cells. These data lead us to propose that PRRSV utilizes the host cell cytoskeletal machinery inside nanotubes for efficient cell-to-cell spread. This form of virus transport represents an alternative pathway for virus spread, which is resistant to the host humoral immune response.

IMPORTANCE
Extracellular virus particles transmit infection between organisms, but within infected hosts intercellular infection can be spread by additional mechanisms. In this study, we describe an alternative pathway for intercellular transmission of PRRSV in which the virus uses nanotube connections to transport infectious viral RNA, certain replicases, and certain structural proteins to neighboring cells. This process involves interaction of viral proteins with cytoskeletal proteins that form the nanotube connections. Intercellular viral spread through nanotubes allows the virus to escape the neutralizing antibody response and may contribute to the pathogenesis of viral infections. The development of strategies that interfere with this process could be critical in preventing the spread of viral infection.
Generation of a More Immunogenic Measles Vaccine by Increasing Its Hemagglutinin Expression
Authors: Julik Emily , Reyes-del Valle Jorge
Published: March 2016

Imported measles virus (MV) outbreaks are maintained by poor vaccine responders and unvaccinated people. A convenient but more immunogenic vaccination strategy would enhance vaccine performance, contributing to measles eradication efforts. We report here the generation of alternative pediatric vaccines against MV with increased expression of the H protein in the background of the current MV vaccine strain. We generated two recombinants: MVvac2-H2, with increased full-length H expression resulting in a 3-fold increase in H incorporation into virions, and MVvac2-Hsol, vectoring a truncated, soluble form of the H protein that is secreted into the supernatants of infected cells. Replication fitness was conserved despite the duplication of the H cistron for both vectors. The modification to the envelope of MVvac2-H2 conferred upon this virus a measurable level of resistance to
in vitro
neutralization by MV polyclonal immune sera without altering its thermostability. Most interestingly, both recombinant MVs with enhanced H expression were significantly more immunogenic than their parental strain in outbred mice, while MVvac2-H2 additionally proved more immunogenic after a single, human-range dose in genetically modified MV-susceptible mice.

IMPORTANCE
Measles incidence was reduced drastically following the introduction of attenuated vaccines, but progress toward the eradication of this virus has stalled, and MV still threatens unvaccinated populations. Due to the contributions of primary vaccine failures and too-young-to-be-vaccinated infants to this problem, more immunogenic measles vaccines are highly desirable. We generated two experimental MV vaccines based on a current vaccine's genome but with enriched production of the H protein, the main MV antigen in provoking immunity. One vaccine incorporated H at higher rates in the viral envelope, and the other secreted a soluble H protein from infected cells. The increased expression of H by these vectors improved neutralizing responses induced in two small-animal models of MV immunogenicity. The enhanced immunogenicity of these vectors, mainly from the MV that incorporates additional H, suggests their value as potential alternative pediatric MV vaccines.
Methanobactin and the Link between Copper and Bacterial Methane Oxidation
Authors: DiSpirito Alan A. , Semrau Jeremy D. , Murrell J. Colin , Gallagher Warren H. , Dennison Christopher , Vuilleumier Stéphane
Published: March 2016

Methanobactins (mbs) are low-molecular-mass (<1,200 Da) copper-binding peptides, or chalkophores, produced by many methane-oxidizing bacteria (methanotrophs). These molecules exhibit similarities to certain iron-binding siderophores but are expressed and secreted in response to copper limitation. Structurally, mbs are characterized by a pair of heterocyclic rings with associated thioamide groups that form the copper coordination site. One of the rings is always an oxazolone and the second ring an oxazolone, an imidazolone, or a pyrazinedione moiety. The mb molecule originates from a peptide precursor that undergoes a series of posttranslational modifications, including (i) ring formation, (ii) cleavage of a leader peptide sequence, and (iii) in some cases, addition of a sulfate group. Functionally, mbs represent the extracellular component of a copper acquisition system. Consistent with this role in copper acquisition, mbs have a high affinity for copper ions. Following binding, mbs rapidly reduce Cu
2+
to Cu
1+
. In addition to binding copper, mbs will bind most transition metals and near-transition metals and protect the host methanotroph as well as other bacteria from toxic metals. Several other physiological functions have been assigned to mbs, based primarily on their redox and metal-binding properties. In this review, we examine the current state of knowledge of this novel type of metal-binding peptide. We also explore its potential applications, how mbs may alter the bioavailability of multiple metals, and the many roles mbs may play in the physiology of methanotrophs.
A cautionary approach to adult female groin swelling: hydrocoele of the canal of Nuck with a review of the literature
Authors: Patnam Varun , Narayanan Ramakrishna , Kudva Annappa
Published: March 2016

Hydrocoele of the canal of Nuck in an adult female is a rare entity and analogous to hydrocoele in males. Its usual presentation is in children, and its occurrence in adults is very uncommon, more so of the hour-glass variety. We report a case of a 38-year-old woman presenting with a right inguinal swelling of 3-month duration. On physical examination, the swelling was non-tender, cystic and irreducible. There was no cough impulse. Ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced CT revealed a cystic swelling with clear contents in the right inguinal region. Surgery was performed with excision of the cyst. The histopathology report suggested flat mesothelium cells, confirming the diagnosis.
Renal tubular acidosis type 4 in pregnancy
Authors: Jakes Adam Daniel , Baynes Kevin , Nelson-Piercy Catherine
Published: March 2016

We describe the clinical course of renal tubular acidosis (RTA) type 4 in pregnancy, which has not been previously published. Renal tubular acidosis type 4 is a condition associated with increased urinary ammonia secondary to hypoaldosteronism or pseudohypoaldosteronism. Pregnancy may worsen the hyperkalaemia and acidosis of renal tubular acidosis type 4, possibly through an antialdosterone effect. We advise regular monitoring of potassium and pH throughout pregnancy to ensure safe levels are maintained.
Is size really a contraindication for laparoscopic resection of giant adrenal myelolipomas?
Authors: Chaudhary Ranjit , Deshmukh Abhijeet , Singh Kulwant , Biswas Rakesh
Published: March 2016

A 55-year-old non-diabetic, normotensive man presented with dull aching pain in the left upper abdomen of 2-year duration. He had no significant medical, surgical or family history. Relevant blood tests and chest skiagram were normal. 24 h urinary vanillylmandelic acid levels and serum electrolyte levels were normal. Ultrasonogram and CT findings were suggestive of a 15×11 cm giant left adrenal myelolipoma. A left adrenalectomy was performed using a laparoscopic transperitoneal approach employing three ports. Pneumoperitoneum was achieved by this closed method. After successful excision, the internal contents were suctioned and the capsule was retrieved through a 2.5 cm incision. The operating time was 210 min and total blood loss 50–60 mL; no blood transfusions were needed. The patient was discharged on the third postoperative day. Histopathology confirmed an adrenal myelolipoma. The cited case is of the largest adrenal myelolipoma resected entirely using a laparoscopic approach.
Adverse histological features in malignant colorectal polyps: a contemporary series of 239 cases
Authors: Brown Ian S , Bettington Mark L , Bettington Andrew , Miller Gregory , Rosty Christophe
Published: March 2016

Aims

Screening colonoscopy has led to more colorectal carcinomas presenting at an early stage potentially curable by endoscopic resection. In this study, we examined the clinical and histological features of a contemporary series of malignant colorectal polyps (MCPs) with subsequent surgical resection.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study on a consecutive series of MCPs from 239 patients, predominantly males (57.7%) with a median age of 66 years, and assessed histological parameters associated with residual disease on the surgical specimens.

Results

Median MCP size was 18.6 mm, with 23.1% polyps measuring ≤10 mm. From the 140 surgical resection specimens, residual disease was identified in 20 cases, including 12 cases with metastatic lymph nodes and/or 9 cases with residual carcinoma in the large bowel wall. Histological parameters associated with nodal metastases were greater width and greater depth of the invasive component (p=0.001 and 0.006, respectively), poor differentiation (p=0.003) and a cribriform pattern (p=0.01). The risk of nodal metastases was 23.3% if two or three of these features were identified, while it was 0% and 4.5% if none or one was present, respectively. A positive margin was not associated with nodal metastasis and might be adequately treated by local endoscopic resection.

Conclusions

Surgical resection should be recommended if ≥2 of these adverse histological features are present and may be warranted if one feature is present. A positive margin may require additional local resection but not necessarily surgery if no other adverse factors are present.
TGFα expression in myeloid malignancies
Authors: Kavanagh Simon , Mirzai Bob , Fuller Kathy , Erber Wendy N
Published: March 2016

Background

Transforming growth factor α (TGFα) is a peptide growth factor known to be expressed in normal haemopoiesis. It is also expressed in a range of epithelial neoplasms but has not been assessed in haemopoietic malignancies. We have performed an immunohistochemical evaluation of TGFα in acute and chronic myeloid malignancies.

Methods

TGFα expression was semiquantitatively assessed in 69 normal bone marrow trephines and 157 cases of myeloid malignancy using an immunohistochemical approach.

Results

Blast cells of myeloid origin in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), myelodysplasia and accelerated and blast phases of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) were TGFα positive. In acute promyelocytic leukaemia the neoplastic cells had significantly weaker TGFα expression than seen in other forms of AML. The blast cells in CML-accelerated and blast phases were positive with similar expression to AML.

Conclusions

TGFα is expressed in neoplastic myeloblasts and could, therefore, be used as blast cell biomarker in diagnostic haematopathology. In addition, TGFα immunohistochemistry may be of use in identifying a therapeutic target.
Lactobacillus helveticus Lafti L10 supplementation reduces respiratory infection duration in a cohort of elite athletes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Michalickova Danica , Minic Rajna , Dikic Nenad , Andjelkovic Marija , Kostic-Vucicevic Marija , Stojmenovic Tamara , Nikolic Ivan , Djordjevic Brizita
Published: March 2016

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to evaluate if Lactobacillus helveticus Lafti L10 (Lallemand Health Solutions, Montreal, Que., Canada) supplementation during 14 weeks in winter can influence the duration, severity, and incidence of upper respiratory tract illness (URTI), as well as to monitor different immune parameters in the population of elite athletes. Before and after the treatment, cardiopulmonary testing and self-rated state of moods evaluation (by Profile of Mood States questionnaire) were performed and blood samples were collected. Thirty-nine elite athletes were randomized either to the placebo (n = 19) or the probiotic (n = 20) group. The probiotic group received L. helveticus Lafti L10, 2 × 1010 Colony Forming Units. Lafti L10 significantly shortened the URTI episode duration (7.25 ± 2.90 vs. 10.64 ± 4.67 days, p = 0.047) and decreased the number of symptoms in the probiotic group (4.92 ± 1.96 vs. 6.91 ± 1.22, p = 0.035). Severity and incidence of URTI did not differ between the treatments. There were no significant changes in leukocyte subpopulation abundance, transforming growth factor-β serum levels, level of interleukin-10 secreted from peptidoglican stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), interferon-γ level secreted from concanavalin A-stimulated PBMCs or viability/proliferation of PBMCs upon antigen stimulation. Group effect for CD4+/CD8+ ratio was significant (F[1,37] = 6.99, p = 0.020, η2 = 0.350); this difference was not significant at baseline, but was evident after 14 weeks (p = 0.02). A significant interaction effect was noted for self-rated sense of vigor (F[1,37] = 11.76, p = 0.009, η2 = 0.595). Self-rated sense of vigor increased in the probiotic group (18.5 ± 4.1 vs. 21.0 ± 2.6, p = 0.012). Probiotic strain Lafti L10 can be a beneficial nutritional supplement for the reduction of URTI length in elite athletes.
Relative contribution of electrical stimulation to beef tenderness compared to other production factors
Authors: Juárez Manuel , Basarab John A. , Baron Vern S. , Valera Mercedes , López-Campos Óscar , Larsen Ivy L. , Aalhus Jennifer L.
Published: March 2016

Aging explained >45% of the variability in beef tenderness, whereas electrical stimulation explained >12%. The effect of electrical stimulation was significant for calf-fed steers up to 27 d of aging. However, this effect did not persist beyond 6 d of aging for yearling-fed steers. However, electrical stimulation prevents cold toughening in lighter, leaner carcasses.
Single-nucleotide polymorphism of MC1R, ASIP, and TYRP2 genes in wild and farmed foxes (Vulpes vulpes)
Authors: Jakubczak Andrzej , Gryzinska Magdalena , Horecka Beata , Kowalczyk Marek , Kasperek Kornel , Gajewska Katarzyna , Jezewska-Witkowska Grazyna
Published: March 2016

DNA mutations within genes associated with melanogenesis can affect melanin production, leading to dyschromias. Genes that are involved in synthesis of melatonin and may affect the color of skin are melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), agouti locus (ASIP), and tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TYRP2). In this study, SNP identification within ASIP, MC1R, and TYRP2 gene fragments in wild and farmed foxes (Vulpes vulpes) was performed. Nine mutations in the ASIP gene which allowed us to distinguish seven SNP profiles, fourteen mutations and five SNP profiles in the MC1R gene, and seven SNP profiles based on four polymorphic nucleotides in the TYRP2 gene were detected. Analyses of obtained profiles indicate that ASIP did not undergo mutations in the wild, and significant variability of SNP profiles was found for TYRP2, with specific haplotypes noted for farm foxes and American and European wild foxes.
Effects of dietary supplementation of exogenous multi-enzyme mixture containing carbohydrases and phytase on growth performance, energy and nutrient digestibility, and selected mucosal gene expression in the small intestine of weanling pigs fed nutrient deficient diets
Authors: Lu H. , Preynat A. , Legrand-Defretin V. , Geraert P.A. , Adeola O. , Ajuwon K.M.
Published: March 2016

Effect of carbohydrases and phytase supplementation on growth performance, nutrient utilization and gut health of nursery pigs was evaluated. Pigs were blocked by body weight (BW) and sex and allocated to four treatments. Treatments were a positive control (PC), a negative control (NC) deficient in metabolizable energy (ME), crude protein (CP), Ca, and non-phytate P (nPP), NC plus Rovabio® Max AP enzyme mix, at 0.05 and 0.075 g kg−1. Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) was determined in faecal samples. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) was determined in ileal digesta samples collected after euthanasia. Lower final BW and average daily gain (ADG) (P < 0.05) were observed in NC compared with PC. Enzyme at 0.05 g kg−1increased (P < 0.05) BW on d 14 and d 41, respectively, and also increased ADG. Enzyme at 0.075 g kg−1increased BW on d 14 and ADG on d 0 to d 14 (P < 0.05). Feed efficiency [gain to feed ratio (G:F)] was greater (P < 0.05) in PC than NC from d 15 to d 41 and from d 0 to d 41. No difference in G:F was observed with enzyme supplementation. Higher (P < 0.05) serum Ca and bone ash were observed in PC than NC. Enzyme increased the ATTD of Ca and P (P < 0.05) compared with NC.
Combined effects of supplementary light and CO2on rose growth and the production of good quality cut flowers
Authors: Naing Aung Htay , Jeon Su Min , Park Jun Seong , Kim Chang Kil
Published: March 2016

The effects of supplementary lighting with high-pressure sodium (HSP) lamps alone or in combination with carbon dioxide (CO2) on the growth, yield, and flower stem quality of two rose cultivars (‘Loving Heart’ and ‘Top Grace’) were studied. Compared to natural lighting (control), supplementary lighting alone was beneficial for plant growth, and it increased plant height, stem diameter, and the number of axillary shoots. Furthermore, increases in flower stem yield (>70 cm), flower stem diameter, fresh weight, and the number of petals per flower were also observed. The combination of supplementary lighting and CO2significantly enhanced all of the studied parameters compared to supplementary lighting alone. Moreover, stomatal density and chlorophyll fluorescence were seemingly affected by either supplementary lighting alone or in combination with CO2. This is the first study to examine the beneficial effects of combined supplementary lighting and CO2conditions, and the resulting information is essential to rose growers and commercial production.
Diffusion in κ-deformed space and spectral dimension
Authors: Anjana V.
Published: March 2016

In this paper, we derive the expression for spectral dimension using a modified diffusion equation in the [Formula: see text]-deformed spacetime. We start with the Beltrami–Laplace operator in the [Formula: see text]-Minkowski spacetime and obtain the deformed diffusion equation. From the solution of this deformed diffusion equation, we calculate the spectral dimension which depends on the deformation parameter “[Formula: see text]” and also on an integer “[Formula: see text]”, apart from the topological dimension. Using this, we show that, for large diffusion times the spectral dimension approaches the usual topological dimension whereas spectral dimension diverges to [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] at high energies.
Thermodynamics of generalized cosmic Chaplygin gas model
Authors: Sharif M. , Sarwar Ayesha
Published: March 2016

In this paper, we study thermal stability of an exotic fluid known as generalized cosmic Chaplygin gas (GCCG). We evaluate different physical parameters and examine how this fluid describes accelerated expansion of the universe. The stability conditions are formulated from thermodynamics which indicate that the respective fluid is stable adiabatically but it cannot be checked under isothermal condition.
Polymer quantization, stability and higher-order time derivative terms
Authors: Cumsille Patricio , Reyes Carlos M. , Ossandon Sebastian , Reyes Camilo
Published: March 2016

The possibility that fundamental discreteness implicit in a quantum gravity theory may act as a natural regulator for ultraviolet singularities arising in quantum field theory has been intensively studied. Here, along the same expectations, we investigate whether a nonstandard representation called polymer representation can smooth away the large amount of negative energy that afflicts the Hamiltonians of higher-order time derivative theories, rendering the theory unstable when interactions come into play. We focus on the fourth-order Pais–Uhlenbeck model which can be reexpressed as the sum of two decoupled harmonic oscillators one producing positive energy and the other negative energy. As expected, the Schrödinger quantization of such model leads to the stability problem or to negative norm states called ghosts. Within the framework of polymer quantization we show the existence of new regions where the Hamiltonian can be defined well bounded from below.
Multi-objective optimization of two-dimensional phoxonic crystals with multi-level substructure scheme
Authors: Zhang S. , Yin J. , Zhang H. W. , Chen B. S.
Published: March 2016

Phoxonic crystal (PXC) is a promising artificial periodic material for optomechanical systems and acousto-optical devices. The multi-objective topology optimization of dual phononic and photonic max relative bandgaps in a kind of two-dimensional (2D) PXC is investigated to find the regular pattern of topological configurations. In order to improve the efficiency, a multi-level substructure scheme is proposed to analyze phononic and photonic band structures, which is stable, efficient and less memory-consuming. The efficient and reliable numerical algorithm provides a powerful tool to optimize and design crystal devices. The results show that with the reduction of the relative phononic bandgap (PTBG), the central dielectric scatterer becomes smaller and the dielectric veins of cross-connections between different dielectric scatterers turn into the horizontal and vertical shape gradually. These characteristics can be of great value to the design and synthesis of new materials with different topological configurations for applications of the PXC.
Quantum nonlocal polarizability of spherical metal nanoparticles
Authors: Moradi Afshin
Published: March 2016

An explicit calculation of the quantum nonlocal (QNL) polarizability of a metallic nanoparticle is presented, where two quantum longitudinal plasma waves are excited. The QNL generalization of the classical Clausius–Mossotti factor of the system is derived, by means of the quantum hydrodynamic theory in conjunction with the Poisson equation and applying the appropriate additional quantum boundary conditions.
A GA Based Simple and Efficient Technique to Design Combinational Logic Circuits Using Universal Logic Modules
Authors: Vijayakumari C. K. , James Rekha K. , Mythili P.
Published: March 2016

A Genetic Algorithm based optimization technique for the design of combinational logic circuits using Universal logic Modules, 2-1 multiplexer or 2-1 Reed Muller block is proposed. In contrast to applying same select signals for all the units in a level of tree network in conventional methods, the proposed method allows any variable to be used as select signal to any unit in any level. In addition to the use of variables as select signals, the proposed method uses functions derived from previous level as select signal which is not the case in conventional methods. With this technique, complexity of the circuits is made lesser which leads to lesser power consumption, area and delay as compared to the current and conventional methods available in the literature. Standard Boolean functions are implemented to design circuits up to six variables and the results are validated with benchmark functions.
Efficient Hardware Implementation of Ultralightweight RFID Mutual Authentication Protocol
Authors: Mujahid Umar , Jafri Atif Raza , Najam-ul-Islam M.
Published: March 2016

Security and privacy are the two major concerns of radio-frequency identification (RFID) based identification systems. Several researchers have proposed ultralightweight mutual authentication protocols (UMAPs) to ensure the security of the low cost RFID tags in recent years. However, almost all of the previously proposed protocols have some serious security flaws and are vulnerable to various security attacks (full disclosure attack, desynchronization attack, impersonation attack, etc.). Recently, a more sophisticated and robust UMAP: Robust confidentiality integrity and authentication (RCIA)1 [U. Mujahid, M. Najam-ul-Islam and M. Ali Shami, RCIA: A new ultralightweight RFID authentication protocol using recursive hash, Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw. 2015 (2015) 642180] has been proposed. A new ultralightweight primitive, “recursive hash” has been used extensively in the protocol design which provides hamming weight unpredictability and irreversibility to ensure optimal security. In addition to security and privacy, small chip area is another design constraint which is mandatory requirement for a protocol to be considered as ultralightweight authentication protocol. Keeping in view the scenario presented above, this paper presents the efficient hardware implementation of the RCIA for EPC-C1G2 tags. Both the FPGA and ASIC implementation flows have been adopted. The FPGA design flow is primarily used to validate the functionality of the proposed hardware design whereas ASIC design (using TSMC 0.35 μm library) is used to validate the gate count. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first FPGA and ASIC implementation of any ultralightweight RFID authentication protocol. The simulation and synthesis results of the proposed optimal hardware architecture show the compatibility of the RCIA with extremely low cost RFID tags.
Suitability of Reduced Part Count Multilevel Inverter Topologies for Grid Interfacing
Authors: Agrawal Rekha , Jain Shailendra
Published: March 2016

Reduced part count multilevel inverters (RPC-MLIs), an emerging technology for grid interfacing applications of renewable energy sources. RPC-MLIs overcome the limitations of conventional two-level and classical multilevel inverters (NPC, FC and CHB) by the use of reduced part counts for generation of same number of levels in the output. Focus of this paper is on to present review of the RPC-MLIs for researchers and engineers and classification of all the topologies. RPC-MLIs are compared considering its circuit complexity and performance. The comparison exposes advantages and disadvantages of topologies, as well as a wide spectrum for future research. This paper also draws the most potential topology in the field of grid integrated applications. Promising topology is simulated here under the same load and input source condition using real time simulator.
A Behavior Marker for Measuring Non-Technical Skills of Software Professionals: An Empirical Study
Authors: Lacher Lisa , Walia Gursimran , Nygard Kendall , Fagerholm Fabian , Pagels Max , Münch Jürgen
Published: March 2016

Managers recognize that software development teams need to be developed. Although technical skills are necessary, non-technical (NT) skills are equally, if not more, necessary for project success. Currently, there are no proven tools to measure the NT skills of software developers or software development teams. Behavioral markers (observable behaviors that have positive or negative impacts on individual or team performance) are successfully used by airline and medical industries to measure NT skill performance. This research developed and validated a behavior marker system through an empirical study conducted at the Software Factory where users of the behavior marker tool rated video clips of software development teams. The initial results show that the behavior marker tool can be reliably used with minimal training.
Research Notes on the Architectural Evolution of a Software Product Line
Authors: Laser Marcelo Schmitt , Rodrigues Elder Macedo , Domingues Anderson , Oliveira Flavio , Zorzo Avelino F.
Published: March 2016

This work presents an experience report on the architectural decisions taken in the evolution of a Software Product Line (SPL) of Model-based Testing tools (PLeTs). This SPL was partially designed and developed with the intention of minimizing effort and time-to-market during the development of a family of performance testing tools. With the evolution of our research and the addition of new features to the SPL, we identified limitations in the initial architectural design of PLeTs’ components, which led us to redesign its Software Product Line Architecture (SPLA). In this paper, we discuss the main issues that led to changes in our SPLA, as well as present the design decisions that facilitate its evolution in the context of an industrial environment. We will also report our experiences on architecture modifications in the evolution of our SPL with the intention of allowing easier maintenance in a volatile development environment.
HEALING OF LONG BONE FRACTURES IN PATIENTS WITH CONCOMITANT HEAD OR SPINAL CORD INJURIES
Authors: Khallaf Fathy G. , Kehinde Elijah O.
Published: March 2016

The aim of this prospective controlled study is to compare healing rate and amount of union callus formed in patients with long bone fractures and concomitant head or spinal cord injuries to patients with long bone fractures only. The healing markers of fractures were compared in three groups of patients: (A) patients with head injuries and long bone fractures, (B) patients with acute traumatic spinal cord injuries and long bone fractures, and (C) patients with long bone fractures only. The mean (range) time to union of long bone fractures in groups (A), (B), and (C) patients was 6.9 (3–20), 6.2 (3–7.7), and 22.4 (13–41) weeks. The mean (range) healing rate of long bone fractures in groups (A), (B), and (C) patients was 4.5(0.2–10.6), 4.7 (2.6–7.5), and 0.38(0.11–1)[Formula: see text] mm/week. The mean (range) thickness of callus formed at fracture sites in groups (A), (B), and (C) patients was 26(4–48), 29(10–48), and 1(2–20)[Formula: see text]mm. There were no cases of delayed or nonunion in groups (A) and (B) patients while 5 of 69 fractures (7.3%) had delayed union in group (C) and 9/69 (13%) fractures had nonunion. These results suggest acceleration of long bone fractures in patients with head or spinal cord injuries.
GENERALIZED BN–S STOCHASTIC VOLATILITY MODEL FOR OPTION PRICING
Authors: SENGUPTA INDRANIL
Published: March 2016

In this paper, a class of generalized Barndorff-Nielsen and Shephard (BN–S) models is investigated from the viewpoint of derivative asset analysis. Incompleteness of this type of markets is studied in terms of equivalent martingale measures (EMM). Variance process is studied in details for the case of Inverse-Gaussian distribution. Various structure preserving subclasses of EMMs are derived. The model is then effectively used for pricing European style options and fitting implied volatility smiles.
The Noisy Expectation-Maximization Algorithm for Multiplicative Noise Injection
Authors: Osoba Osonde , Kosko Bart
Published: March 2016

We generalize the noisy expectation-maximization (NEM) algorithm to allow arbitrary modes of noise injection besides just adding noise to the data. The noise must still satisfy a NEM positivity condition. This generalization includes the important special case of multiplicative noise injection. A generalized NEM theorem shows that all measurable modes of injecting noise will speed the average convergence of the EM algorithm if the noise satisfies a generalized NEM positivity condition. This noise-benefit condition has a simple quadratic form for Gaussian and Cauchy mixture models in the case of multiplicative noise injection. Simulations show a multiplicative-noise EM speed-up of more than [Formula: see text] in a simple Gaussian mixture model. Injecting blind noise only slowed convergence. A related theorem gives a sufficient condition for an average EM noise benefit for arbitrary modes of noise injection if the data model comes from the general exponential family of probability density functions. A final theorem shows that injected noise slows EM convergence on average if the NEM inequalities reverse and the noise satisfies a negativity condition.
On Bäcklund transformation and vortex filament equation for pseudo null curves in Minkowski 3-space
Authors: Grbović Milica , Nešović Emilija
Published: March 2016

In this paper, we introduce Bäcklund transformation of a pseudo null curve in Minkowski 3-space as a transformation mapping a pseudo null helix to another pseudo null helix congruent to the given one. We also give the sufficient conditions for a transformation between two pseudo null curves in the Minkowski 3-space such that these curves have equal constant torsions. By using the Da Rios vortex filament equation, based on localized induction approximation (LIA), we derive the vortex filament equation for a pseudo null curve and prove that the evolution equation for the torsion is the viscous Burger’s equation. As an application, we show that pseudo null curves and their Frenet frames generate solutions of the Da Rios vortex filament equation.
A note on generalized Robertson–Walker space-times
Authors: Mantica Carlo Alberto , Suh Young Jin , De Uday Chand
Published: March 2016

A generalized Robertson–Walker (GRW) space-time is the generalization of the classical Robertson–Walker space-time. In the present paper, we show that a Ricci simple manifold with vanishing divergence of the conformal curvature tensor admits a proper concircular vector field and it is necessarily a GRW space-time. Further, we show that a stiff matter perfect fluid space-time or a mass-less scalar field with time-like gradient and with divergence-free Weyl tensor are GRW space-times.
Groups with Supersoluble Non-normal Subgroups
Authors: De Falco Maria , Martusciello Maria , Musella Carmela
Published: March 2016

The structure of groups in which many subgroups have a certain property χ has been investigated for several choices of the property χ. In particular, groups whose non-normal subgroups are supersoluble are studied in this paper. Moreover, groups with only finitely many normalizers of non-supersoluble groups are considered.
A Relative Theory for Leibniz n-Algebras
Authors: Biyogmam Guy Roger
Published: March 2016

In this paper we show that for an n-Filippov algebra 𝔤, the tensor power 𝔤⊗n-1 is endowed with a structure of anti-symmetric co-representation over the Leibniz algebra 𝔤∧n-1. This co-representation is used to define some relative theories for Leibniz n-algebras with n > 2 and obtain exact sequences relating them. As a result, we construct a spectral sequence for the Leibniz homology of Filippov algebras.
On Stability of F-Gorenstein Flat Categories
Authors: Hu Jiangsheng , Xu Aimin
Published: March 2016

To investigate cohomology theories based on flats, Asadollahi and Salarian gave the definition of F-Gorenstein flat R-modules, and these modules are exactly Gorenstein flat provided that R is right coherent. In this paper, we get some properties of F-Gorenstein flat R-modules and establish the stability of F-Gorenstein flat categories.
Impact Damage Detection in Composite Plates using a Self-diagnostic Electro-Mechanical Impedance-based Structural Health Monitoring System
Authors: Sharif-Khodaei Z. , Ghajari M. , Aliabadi M. H.
Published: March 2016

In this work, application of the electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) method in structural health monitoring as a damage detection technique has been investigated. A damage metric based on the real and imaginary parts of the impedance measures is introduced. Numerical and experimental tests are carried out to investigate the applicability of the method for various types of damage, such as debonding between the transducers and the plate, faulty sensors and impact damage in composite plates. The effect of several parameters, such as environmental effects, frequency sweep, severity of damage, location of damage, etc., on the damage metric has been reported.
Moment Magnitude Estimation of Large Earthquakes Based on Long-Period Ground Motion Prediction Equations and Preassumed Fault Models
Authors: Ibrahim Rami , Si Hongjun , Koketsu Kazuki , Miyake Hiroe
Published: March 2016

We proposed a simple method of moment magnitude estimation based on long-period (5–30[Formula: see text]s) ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs). We constructed empirical fault models for different trial magnitudes. The source-to-site distance from the preassumed fault models to seismic stations was estimated. The best magnitude estimate was determined with reference to the minimum residual between the magnitude estimated from the GMPEs and the trial magnitude used to define the fault model. Using this method, the moment magnitudes of six large interplate earthquakes that occurred around the Japan Islands were estimated. The estimated magnitudes obtained in this study are in good agreement with those calculated from the global centroid moment tensor project. The method has potential to be used for rapid moment magnitude estimation of large earthquakes.
Seismic Response Characteristics of a Building Supported by Pile Foundation in Frozen Soil Based on Shaking Table Test
Authors: Xing Shuang , Yuji Miyamoto
Published: March 2016

This paper focuses on the influence of frozen soil on seismic response of a building supported by pile foundation. Firstly, the saturated sand soil is frozen artificially, and then shaking table tests are conducted. Specifically, seismic responses of buildings with different natural frequencies and with different freezing depths of the saturated soil are investigated, respectively. In this study, it is confirmed that for buildings with high rigidity, the effect of interaction becomes smaller when the soil is frozen. Moreover, it is observed that the resonant frequency of frozen ground is closer to the natural frequency of superstructure, and thus the response of the superstructure becomes larger. It is also observed that the bending moment along the pile is remarkably reduced by improving the rigidity of the soil.
Liquefaction and Earthquake Response Analysis of Panipat Pond Ash Embankment in India
Authors: Mohanty S. , Patra N. R.
Published: March 2016

In this study, liquefaction and earthquake response analysis of Panipat pond ash embankment in India has been carried out considering saturated and natural water table conditions. Laboratory and field studies have been carried out to obtain the material properties required for the nonlinear response analysis of the Panipat pond ash embankment. Nonlinear finite element analysis has been carried out by using open system for earthquake engineering simulation (OpenSees). Three earthquakes namely Chamba, Chamoli and Uttarkashi earthquakes have been considered for liquefaction and earthquake response analysis. The standard penetration test (SPT)-[Formula: see text] value indicates that the ash deposit in Panipat pond ash embankment is in loose to medium dense state. The excess pore pressure ratio obtained from the analysis is found to be one or more than one below upstream and downstream locations of the pond ash embankment for both saturated and natural water table conditions. The horizontal and vertical displacement is found to be maximum near the toe and first rise slope of pond ash embankment. Hence, ash embankment in Panipat is prone to liquefaction under the excitation of moderate to high earthquake loading.
Global stability of an SEIR epidemic model with vaccination
Authors: Wang Lili , Xu Rui
Published: March 2016

In this paper, an SEIR epidemic model with vaccination is formulated. The results of our mathematical analysis indicate that the basic reproduction number plays an important role in studying the dynamics of the system. If the basic reproduction number is less than unity, it is shown that the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable by comparison arguments. If it is greater than unity, the system is permanent and there is a unique endemic equilibrium. In this case, sufficient conditions are established to guarantee the global stability of the endemic equilibrium by the theory of the compound matrices. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the main results.
Combining Physical and Behavioral Response to Salinity
Authors: MacEwan Duncan , Howitt Richard , Medellín-Azuara Josué
Published: March 2016

Soil salinity accumulation in California’s Central Valley and other irrigated areas around the world affects agricultural productivity, regional economies, urban areas, and the environment. The direct costs of salinity to agriculture in the California’s Central Valley have been estimated to be equal to US$ 500 million per year. Reduced crop yields from salinity in the root zone account for the largest direct cost of salinity but these losses can be partially offset by regional and field-level management including blending with higher quality water, improving field drainage, or leaching. Effective salinity management must consider the behavioral adjustments by irrigation districts and growers, and importantly, must be based on data available at the regional scale required for policy analysis. In this paper, we estimate crop-specific yield-salinity functions using geo-referenced crop data and shallow groundwater salinity. We model farmers as risk-averse crop portfolio managers and estimate farmer-behavior based yield-salinity functions for six crop groups in Kern County, California. The resulting farmer-behavior based yield-salinity functions account for field-level management of salinity and use the regionally available shallow groundwater salinity to proxy for the true salinity at root zone. We calibrate a regional economic model of Kern County agriculture to evaluate the cost of salinity using the estimated functions, and compare these estimates to the standard field-experiment based yield-salinity functions.
Arterial stiffness of lifelong Japanese female pearl divers
Authors: Tanaka Hirofumi , Tomoto Tsubasa , Kosaki Keisei , Sugawara Jun
Published: March 2016

Japanese female pearl divers called Ama specialize in free diving in the cold sea for collecting foods and pearls in oysters. Exercising in the water combined with marked bradycardia and pressor responses provides a circulatory challenge to properly buffer or cushion elevated cardiac pulsations. Because Ama perform repeated free dives throughout their lives, it is possible that they may have adapted similar arterial structure and function to those seen in diving mammals. We compared arterial stiffness of lifelong Japanese pearl divers with age-matched physically inactive adults living in the same fishing villages. A total of 115 Japanese female pearl divers were studied. Additionally, 50 physically inactive adults as well as 33 physically active adults (participating in community fitness programs) living in the same coastal villages were also studied. There were no differences in age (∼65 yr), body mass index, and brachial blood pressure between the groups. Measures of arterial stiffness, cardio-ankle vascular index and β-stiffness index were lower ( P < 0.05) in pearl divers and physically active adults than in their physically inactive peers. Augmentation pressure and augmentation index adjusted for the heart rate of 75 beats/min were lower ( P < 0.05) in pearl divers than in other groups. These results indicate that lifelong Japanese pearl divers demonstrate reduced arterial stiffness and arterial wave reflection compared with age-matched physically inactive peers living in the same fishing villages.