bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computing the Spreading Power of a Business Portal to Propagate the Malicious Information in the Network
Authors: Saini Hemraj , Mishra Bimal Kumar , Panda T. C.
Published: October 2011

This paper predicts the malicious object prone site from the set of multi business portals of an organization or company. Graph theory is used to solve this problem as the diverted traffic of customers is interdependent among all the business portals. At first the interconnected business portals are represented in the form of a graph and its corresponding adjacency matrix. Later the centrality and eigenvectors were computed to find the degree of a business portal to propagate the malicious information, helping to cure the business portal by taking available security measures to avoid further infection.
Online Payment via PayPal API Case Study Event Registration Management System (ERMS)
Authors: Shadlou Saeed , Kai Ng Jie , Hajmoosaei Abdolreza
Published: October 2011

PayPal is an international payment gateway allowing businesses and individuals to transfer funds in a secure manner over the Internet. Using PayPal to accept payments has several advantages for online merchants. It is a recognized brand when it comes to Business to Consumer (B2C) transactions, creating a business account with PayPal is easier and faster, and finally, PayPal lends its name to the transaction, so customers may feel more comfortable entering into a transaction with a previously unknown merchant. Besides the mentioned advantages, PayPal’s transaction dispute system requires a tracking number from a shipped package to respond to a customer dispute. If the product is purely electronic (a download or access to a site, for example), one’s response to disputes will be quite limited. The solution for the problem mentioned above is PayPal API. The PayPal API resolves Pay Pal drawback through maintaining card and bank account payment schedules without the liability of warehousing payment data also processing one-time and recurring payments. For the evaluation of Pay Pal API, the authors develop an Event Registration Management System (ERMS). ERMS serves as a platform for users to make registrations for events such as conferences, seminars, and workshops.
Prosumerization of Mobile Service Provision
Authors: Werth Dirk , Emrich Andreas , Chapko Alexandra
Published: October 2011

Prosumerization is the enabling of users to act as producers. Prosumerization of content for the mobile internet, in which users are consumers and producers of content, is a recent trend. However, user-generated mobile services are the next big step for mobile service provision emerging from the prosumerization of content. Benefits for platform and telecommunication providers can be significant, especially if information released by prosumers is used wisely by providers. This article derives implications for providers and their applied information technology. An architectural proposal is described which focuses on the usage of prosumers’ information for internal business adaptations of providers as well as creation of feedback to the prosumers. Since prosumers as additional creative force in the development process move much closer to a provider’s business, user-centricity has to go beyond improved customer relationship management.
Multiagent Social Computing
Authors: Choi Ben
Published: October 2011

This article provides a framework for extending social networks to social computing. When people join social networks, such as Facebook and discussion groups, their personal computers can also join the social networks. This framework facilitates sharing of computing resources among friends and groups. Computers of friends and groups act autonomously to help each other perform various tasks. The framework combines many key technologies, including intelligent agents, multi-agent system, object space, and parallel and distributed computing, into a new computing platform, which has been successfully implemented and tested. With this framework, any person will have access to not only the computing power of his or her own personal computer but also the vast computing power of a community of computers. The collective capabilities of humans and computers working in communities will create complementary capabilities of computing to achieve behaviors that transcend those of people and computers in isolation. The future of computing is moving from personal computers to societies of computers.
Characterizing Compatibility of Timed Choreography
Authors: Guermouche Nawal , Godart Claude
Published: October 2011

Web services are the main pillar of the Service Oriented Computing (SOC) paradigm which enables application integration within and across business organizations. One of the most important features of Web services is the idea of choreography which captures collaborative processes involving multiple services. In this context, compatibility analysis of choreography is a central point to investigate. The compatibility of a choreography means the capability of a set of Web services to interact by exchanging messages in a safe way. Whether a set of services are compatible depends not only on their sequences of messages but also on quantitative properties like timed properties. In this paper, the authors investigate a model checking based approach that checks the compatibility of a choreography in which Web services support asynchronous timed communications.
Reputation Management for Composite Services in Service-Oriented Systems
Authors: Nepal Surya , Malik Zaki , Bouguettaya Athman
Published: October 2011

This paper investigates the problem of reputation management in composite services. The authors propose a novel reputation propagation technique in composite services. The proposed approach provides a fair distribution of reputation values so that a component service is neither penalised nor awarded for the poor and good performance, respectively, of other peer component services. Experiment results indicate that the proposed technique propagates the “fair share” of reputation from the composite service to its component services.
An Adaptive Approach to Optimizing Tradeoff Between Service Performance and Security in Service-Based Systems
Authors: Yau Stephen S. , Yin Yin , An Ho
Published: October 2011

The message-based communication among services in Service-based Systems (SBS) is vulnerable to various security attacks and must be well protected by security mechanisms, which may affect performance due to available system resources. In this paper, an adaptive approach is presented to optimize the tradeoff between service performance and security according to SBS users’ requirements and preferences on performance and security. This adaptive approach is based on a tradeoff algorithm with quantitative performance and security metrics and the tradeoff objective function. An SBS example with a security service and a traffic service is used to illustrate the approach.
Provisioning Virtual Resources Adaptively in Elastic Compute Cloud Platforms
Authors: Zhang Fan , Cao Junwei , Cai Hong , Wu Cheng
Published: October 2011

Provisioning Virtual machines on demand is significant in elastic compute cloud for reliable service delivery. The importance and major difficulty lies in satisfying the conflicting objectives of satisfying contracted service level agreement while lowering used resource costs. In this paper, the authors propose a mathematical multi-tier framework for adaptive virtual resource allocation problem. The framework captures the performance of the virtualized cloud platform gracefully. The authors first use simulations to derive virtual resource allocation policies, and later use real benchmarking applications, to verify the effectiveness of this framework. Experimental results show that the model can be simply and effectively used to satisfy the response time requirement as well as lowering the cost of using the virtual machine resources.
Interactive and Iterative Service-Composition-Based Approach to Flexible Information System Development
Authors: Liang Qianhui , Bharadwaj Anandhi , Lee Bu Sung
Published: October 2011

An emerging class of technologies defined as Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) has been heralded as the answer for inflexible IT architecture and promises to reduce operational barriers of current IT infrastructures. In SOA, loosely coupled Web services are integrated to provide dynamic digital capabilities within and across enterprise boundaries. Little research exists on development processes of information systems using Web services and against certain development metrics. One way to perform such research is to propose a development approach, identify the metrics, and embed the metrics into the technique of service composition to allow system development with desired characteristics. This paper reports an approach to information system development based on Web services composition and the metrics designed for such approaches. This approach is based on semi-automatic, interactive, and iterative Web service composition -- a hybrid technique based on developing and searching an AND/OR graph for composite services discovery while taking into consideration human judgment for solution selection and validation by interactions in an iterative way. The composition process leverages historical Web service usage data and provides helpful suggestions to the users regarding available component services. The authors propose that the metrics can investigate the characteristics of such development approaches.
What Accounts for Rib Fractures in Older Adults?
Authors: Wuermser Lisa-Ann , Achenbach Sara J. , Amin Shreyasee , Khosla Sundeep , Melton L. Joseph
Published: October 2011

To address the epidemiology of rib fractures, an age- and sex-stratified random sample of 699 Rochester, Minnesota, adults age 21–93 years was followed in a long-term prospective study. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed at baseline, and fractures were ascertained by periodic interview and medical record review. During 8560 person-years of followup (median, 13.9 years), 56 subjects experienced 67 rib fracture episodes. Risk factors for falling predicted rib fractures as well as BMD, but both were strongly age-related. After age-adjustment, BMD was associated with rib fractures in women but not men. Importantly, rib fractures attributed to severe trauma were associated with BMD in older individuals of both sexes. Self-reported heavy alcohol use doubled fracture risk but did not achieve significance due to limited statistical power. Bone density, along with heavy alcohol use and other risk factors for falling, contributes to the risk of rib fractures, but no one factor predominates. Older women with rib fractures, regardless of cause, should be considered for an osteoporosis evaluation, and strategies to prevent falling should be considered in both sexes.
Triplane Fracture of the Distal Radius
Authors: Pearce Christopher , Chung Raymond
Published: October 2011

We report the case of a 14-year-old boy who sustained a displaced triplane fracture of the distal radius. This was treated with closed reduction and application of a cast with good clinical and radiological results. We discuss (for the first time) the reasons for the rarity of this fracture at the distal radius compared to the distal tibia.
Immunohistochemical evidence: testicular and scented glandular androgen synthesis in muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) during the breeding season
Authors: Li Q. , Weng J. , Zhang H. , Lu L. , Ma X. , Wang Q. , Cao H. , Liu S. , Xu M. , Weng Q. , Watanabe G. , Taya K.
Published: October 2011

In order to elucidate the relationship between androgens and the function of the muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) scented glands during the breeding season, we investigated immunolocalization of steroidogenic enzymes P450scc, 3Î²HSD and P450c17 in the muskrat testes and scented glands. Nine adult muskrats were obtained in March (n=3), May (n=3) and July (n=3) 2010. Steroidogenic enzymes were immunolocalized using polyclonal antisera raised against bovine adrenal P450scc, human placental 3Î²HSD and porcine testicular P450c17. Histologically, all types of spermatogenic cells including matureâ€“phase spermatozoa in seminiferous tubules were observed in all testes. Glandular cells, interstitial cells, epithelial cells and excretory tubules were identified in scented glands during the breeding season. P450scc, 3Î²HSD and P450c17 were only identified in Leydig cells during the breeding season; P450scc and P450c17 were observed in glandular cells of scented glands, however, 3Î²HSD was not found in scented glands during the breeding season. These novel findings provide the first evidence showing that scented glands of the muskrats are capable of locally synthesizing androgens and androgens acting via an endocrine, autocrine or paracrine manner may play an important role in scented gland function during the breeding season.
Delayed maturation and altered proliferation within the rat rostral migratory stream following maternal deprivation
Authors: Lievajova K. , Blasko J. , Martoncikova M. , Cigankova V. , Racekova E.
Published: October 2011

The objective of this study was to investigate whether stressful experience during early postnatal period may influence morphological characteristics of the rat neurogenic pathway â€“ the rostral migratory stream (RMS) and proliferation of neuronal precursors in three successive areas of the RMS: in the vertical arm, the elbow and the horizontal arm. To induce stress, the pups were subjected to repeated maternal deprivation during the first postnatal week after birth. Brains were analyzed at the seventh postnatal day. The controls matched the age of maternally deprived animals. Observation of hematoxylin-eosin stained sections showed that maternal deprivation did not affect the general morphological appearance of the RMS. The shape of the RMS of maternally deprived rats resembles the RMS of control animals. Maternal deprivation caused slight, not significant increase in the RMS thickness in comparison with control rats. Significant difference between the control and maternally deprived rats concerns the olfactory ventricle. While in seven days old control rats the olfactory ventricle is completely closed, in maternally deprived rats of the same age the olfactory ventricle was regularly visible as a narrow lumen at the axis of the RMS horizontal arm. This finding indicates delayed maturation of the migratory pathway as a consequence of stress. Proliferation activity has been assessed by immunoreactivity of the endogenous cell cycle protein Ki-67. The results of Ki-67 immunohistochemistry showed that seven daysâ€™ maternal separation for 3 h daily induces significant quantitative changes in the number of proliferating cells within the RMS. The response of Ki-67-positive cells to stress differed in individual part of the RMS, with a marked decrease in the vertical arm and a significant increase in the elbow, suggesting heterogeneity of neural stem cells along the RMS; while in the RMS vertical arm the number of dividing cells significantly decreased, there was a marked increase of Ki-67-positive cells in the RMS elbow. This suggests heterogeneity of neural stem cells along the RMS.
Autophagic degradation of farnesylated prelamin A as a therapeutic approach to lamin-linked progeria
Authors: Cenni V. , Capanni C. , Columbaro M. , Ortolani M. , D'Apice M.R. , Novelli G. , Fini M. , Marmiroli S. , Scarano E. , Maraldi N.M. , Squarzoni S. , Prencipe S. , Lattanzi G.
Published: October 2011

Farnesylated prelamin A is a processing intermediate produced in the lamin A maturation pathway. Accumulation of a truncated farnesylated prelamin A form, called progerin, is a hallmark of the severe premature ageing syndrome, Hutchinson-Gilford progeria. Progerin elicits toxic effects in cells, leading to chromatin damage and cellular senescence and ultimately causes skin and endothelial defects, bone resorption, lipodystrophy and accelerated ageing. Knowledge of the mechanism underlying prelamin A turnover is critical for the development of clinically effective protein inhibitors that can avoid accumulation to toxic levels without impairing lamin A/C expression, which is essential for normal biological functions. Little is known about specific molecules that may target farnesylated prelamin A to elicit protein degradation. Here, we report the discovery of rapamycin as a novel inhibitor of progerin, which dramatically and selectively decreases protein levels through a mechanism involving autophagic degradation. Rapamycin treatment of progeria cells lowers progerin, as well as wild-type prelamin A levels, and rescues the chromatin phenotype of cultured fibroblasts, including histone methylation status and BAF and LAP2alpha distribution patterns. Importantly, rapamycin treatment does not affect lamin C protein levels, but increases the relative expression of the prelamin A endoprotease ZMPSTE24. Thus, rapamycin, an antibiotic belonging to the class of macrolides, previously found to increase longevity in mouse models, can serve as a therapeutic tool, to eliminate progerin, avoid farnesylated prelamin A accumulation, and restore chromatin dynamics in progeroid laminopathies.
Effect of pesticide bendiocarbamate on distribution of acetylcholine- and butyrylcholine-positive nerves in rabbitâ€™s thymus
Authors: Dorko F. , Danko J. , FleÅ¡Ã¡rovÃ¡ S. , BoroÅ¡ E. , SobekovÃ¡ A.
Published: October 2011

Many pesticides used in agriculture have a negative effect on organisms. The group of hazardous pesticides includes the cholinesterase inhibitor bendiocarbamate. According to literature, bendiocarbamate has relatively low toxicity in mammals and vertebrates in general, since it does accumulate in their tissues and the cholinesterase activity returns to norm within 24 h after acute exposure. The present study focused on the influence of bendiocarbamate on rabbit thymus after its administration at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight (BW) for the period of 3 months. The thymus was observed for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE)-positive nerve fibers visualized by histochemical methods. Microscopic findings of BuChE - positive nerve fibers show the same density and the topography by the experimental and the control animals. On the other hand, AChE - positive nerve fibers in experimental animals after administration of bendiocarbamate is only poorly identified, suggesting that bendiocarbamate inhibits AChE but not BuChE.
Complex structure of the lithospheric slab beneath the Banda arc, eastern Indonesia depicted by a seismic tomographic model
Authors: Widiyantoro Sri , Pesicek Jeremy D. , Thurber Clifford H.
Published: October 2011

Seismic tomography with a non-linear approach has been successfully applied to image the P-wave velocity structure beneath the Banda arc in detail. Nearly one million compressional phases including the surfacereflected depth phases pP and pwP from events within the Indonesian region have been used. The depth phases have been incorporated in order to improve the sampling of the uppermantle structure, particularly below the Banda Sea in the back-arc regions. For the model parameterization, we have combined a highresolution regional inversion with a low-resolution global inversion to allow detailed images of slab structures within the study region and to minimize the mapping of distant aspherical mantle structure into the volume under study. In this paper, we focus our discussion on the upper mantle and transition zone structure beneath the curved Banda arc. The tomographic images confirm previous observations of the twisting of the slab in the upper mantle, forming a spoon-shaped structure beneath the Banda arc. A slab lying flat on the 660 km discontinuity beneath the Banda Sea is also well imaged. Further interpretations of the resulting tomograms and seismicity data support the scenario of the Banda arc subduction rollback.
Pattern and diversity in the Early Neolithic mortuary practices of Britain and Ireland: contextualising the treatment of the dead
Authors: Fowler Chris
Published: October 2011

This article presents the first synthesis of the evidence for a diverse range of mortuary practices across the British Isles, and an interpretation of what they suggest about understandings of the body, relatedness, personhood and ancestry in Early Neolithic Britain and Ireland. By exploring the ways that mortuary practices were interwoven with the development of the places where they were carried out, we can build up a more detailed – and more varied – picture of the principles underlying Early Neolithic mortuary practices. Some practices suggest an interest in the ancestral remains of the dead, while others suggest different phenomena, yet a general picture of how human bodies were appreciated emerges.
Burial clothing in Neolithic cemeteries of the Ukrainian steppe
Authors: Kotova Nadezhda
Published: October 2011

Over 600 skeletons from numerous Neolithic cemeteries are known from the Pontic steppe. They came from the Lower Don, Azov-Dnieper and Surskaja cultures, with different sets of adornments on their burial clothing. The disposition of adornments provides valuable information on some items of burial clothing: caps, shirts with long sleeves, loincloths, and moccasins.
Bodies, houses and gardens: rhythmanalysis of Neolithic life-ways
Authors: Mlekuž Dimitrij
Published: October 2011

Paper discusses the ways in which rhythmic temporality of yearly course was woven into the way people lived, experienced and transformed their life in the Balkans Neolithic. It examines how routine social and material practices on gardens that were structured within a year extend their duration to the lifecourse of people, objects, generations and historical change. By attending the garden during the year, people not only observe the process of growth, but actively participate in it. The generative and regenerative powers of gardens are maintained through work and accumulation of substances, which originate from elsewhere, house, midden, animal pens. This flow of substances is not only way of linking houses, gardens, animals and people in a web of relations, but also creates the history of the particular plot. Through the agency of gardens, the substances of humans, plants, animals and ancestors become intertwined and feed into each other.
The Neolithic–Chalcolithic sequence in the SW Anatolian Lakes Region
Authors: Thissen Laurens
Published: October 2011

This paper reviews the radiocarbon, stratigraphic and pottery evidence from five early pottery sites in SW Turkey. A comparison of the results with data from Ulucak in West Turkey indicates no significant time lag between these areas. The onset of Neolithic sites early in the 7th millennium calBC makes it difficult to link their emergence to the collapse theories applied to SE Anatolian societies at the end of the PPNB period. The chronology proposed is not compatible with allegedly contemporary developments in SE Europe.
On the correlation of natural and cultural processes in the Neolithic – Volga-Kama area
Authors: Vybornov Aleksandr A.
Published: October 2011

The article is an attempt to retrace the appearance and growth or reduction in the number of Neolithic sites in relation to aridization and rainfall, and changes in the landscape in the Volga Kama region in the Atlantic period.
Zgornje Radvanje, Cluster 10 – a Late Neolithic pit with a structure and smaller pits
Authors: Kramberger Bine
Published: October 2011

Many hollows defined as pit houses are known from the Neo-Eneolithic period. Similar pits were also detected at the Neo-Eneolithic settlement of Zgornje Radvanje. The cluster of pits presented in this paper shows a stratigraphic sequence. One of the phases yielded a structure. Pottery forms, production and decoration are presented for each individual phase. A comparison of pottery forms and decoration with other sites indicates that the earliest pottery assemblages originate from the late Neolithic period.
The story of the only (?) megalith grave on Gotland Island
Authors: Martinsson-Wallin Helene , Wallin Paul
Published: October 2011

In this paper, we discuss the easternmost material expression of the Funnel Beaker Culture – a megalith grave on the west coast of Gotland Island in the Baltic Sea. The people who built and used the megalith brought the Neolithic lifestyle to Gotland. The biography of this monument includes two excavations, of which we participated in the latest in 1984. Our osteological analysis confirms that some thirty individuals of both sexes and various ages were buried there. The structure of the monument is that of a rectangular dolmen. This paper discusses the discovery of this specific site, and explores the existence of this type of monument in a Gotland context. Furthermore, is this really the only megalith on Gotland, or are more of these structures yet to be recognised? Finally, one may ask if the Neolithic way of life really was successful on Gotland.
Spatial analyses of thermokarst lakes and basins in Yedoma landscapes of the Lena Delta
Authors: Morgenstern A. , Grosse G. , Günther F. , Fedorova I. , Schirrmeister L.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. Distinctive periglacial landscapes have formed in late-Pleistocene ice-rich permafrost deposits (Ice Complex) of northern Yakutia, Siberia. Thermokarst lakes and thermokarst basins alternate with ice-rich Yedoma uplands. We investigate different thermokarst stages in Ice Complex deposits of the Lena River Delta using remote sensing and geoinformation techniques. The morphometry and spatial distribution of thermokarst lakes on Yedoma uplands, thermokarst lakes in basins, and thermokarst basins are analyzed, and possible dependence upon relief position and cryolithological context is considered. Of these thermokarst stages, developing thermokarst lakes on Yedoma uplands alter ice-rich permafrost the most, but occupy only 2.2% of the study area compared to 20.0% occupied by thermokarst basins. The future potential for developing large areas of thermokarst on Yedoma uplands is limited due to shrinking distances to degradational features and delta channels that foster lake drainage. Further thermokarst development in existing basins is restricted to underlying deposits that have already undergone thaw, compaction, and old carbon mobilization, and to deposits formed after initial lake drainage. Future thermokarst lake expansion is similarly limited in most of Siberia's Yedoma regions covering about 106 km2, which has to be considered for water, energy, and carbon balances under warming climate scenarios.
Practice of Mass Transport Model Application for Biogeochemical Redox Process in Aquifer
Authors: Eljamal Osama , Perera E. D. P. , Jinno Kenji
Published: October 2011

Biogeochemical reduction processes are active in alluvial aquifers, because organic carbon which is indispensable for bacteria growth is abundant. As a result of reduction process, significant changes of groundwater quality take place; denitrification, reduction of manganese dioxide, iron-hydroxide, sulfate, arsenate, and methane are well known as reduction processes in an anaerobic groundwater condition. Therefore, the prediction of redox environment in an aquifer is a key subject in order to understand how the groundwater quality is affected. If the mechanism of groundwater quality formation in aquifer scale is systematically understood, impacts caused by accidents or illegal dumping can be predicted, and subsequently, an appropriate management of aquifer will be established. In the present paper, quantitative discussions are made by the numerical simulations applied for the one-dimensional column experiment and two-dimensional fresh-salt water mixing zone. Recommendation and the future subject are presented through the results of two numerical simulations.
Life History Tactics in Cohorts of a Partial Migratory Brown Trout (Salmo trutta L.) Population
Authors: Olsson Ivan C. , Greenberg Larry A.
Published: October 2011

We monitored temporal changes in body size for three cohorts of a partial migratory, lake-migrating brown trout population. We tested if body mass differed between nonmigratory males, migrants, and other members of the cohort (females and immature males). We hypothesized that large-sized individuals would mature as nonmigratory males or migrate at younger ages than small-sized individuals. As previous studies have shown that female fecundity is influenced by body size and that more trout from the downstream section (D) of the stream migrated than from the upstream section (U), we hypothesized that there would be a greater proportion of mature males in D than U. We found that body size of males that reproduced was similar to migrants that migrated the subsequent spring and larger than other cohort members. Reproducing males had a larger body size than equal-aged males that delayed reproduction. Similarly, individuals that migrated had a larger body size than equal-aged individuals that migrated subsequently. The proportion of mature males was greater in D than in U. The fact that body size differentiation occurred late in ontogeny and that age of maturation and migration varied within cohorts suggests that the decision to mature or migrate might be conditionally dependent.
Optimization of Chromium Removal by the Indigenous Bacterium Bacillus spp. REP02 Using the Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Venil C. K. , Mohan V. , Lakshmanaperumalsamy P. , Yerima M. B.
Published: October 2011

An indigenous bacterium, Bacillus REP02, was isolated from locally sourced chromium electroplating industrial effluents. Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the five critical medium parameters responsible for higher % Cr2+ removal by the bacterium Bacillus REP02. A three-level Box-Behnken factorial design was used to optimize K2HPO4, yeast extract, MgSO4, NH4NO3, and dextrose for Cr2+ removal. A coefficient of determination (R2) value (0.93), model F-value (3.92) and its low P-value (F<0.0008) along with lower value of coefficient of variation (5.39) indicated the fitness of response surface quadratic model during the present study. At optimum parameters of K2HPO4 (0.6 g L−1), yeast extract (5.5 g L−1), MgSO4 (0.04 g L−1), NH4NO3 (0.20 g L−1), and dextrose (12.50 g L−1), the model predicted 98.86% Cr2+ removal, and experimentally, 99.08% Cr2+ removal was found.
Clytemnestra at the Mall: A Plea for More Improvisational Pedagogy in the Arts
Authors: SPITZ ELLEN HANDLER
Published: October 2011

A work of art no matter how old and classic is actually, not just potentially, a work of art only when it lives in some individualized experience…. It cannot be asserted too strongly that what is not immediate is not aesthetic.

—John Dewey, Art as Experience
Western, Go Home! Sergio Leone and the “Death of the Western” in American Film Criticism
Authors: MCCLAIN WILLIAM
Published: October 2011

I am showing the Old West as it really was … Americans treat westerns with too much rhetoric.

—Sergio Leone (qtd. in “Hi-Ho, Denaro!” 57)
La muerte está en el aire: los bombardeos en Cataluña, 1936-1939
Authors: Bacell i Ventura Laia
Published: October 2011

Este artículo analiza la variación en los bombardeos que tienen lugardurante guerras civiles de tipo convencional. Se plantean varias hipótesispartiendo de un marco teórico que pone el acento en el papel delos factores políticos para explicar la violencia. Además, se tienen encuenta factores emocionales como las aspiraciones de venganza de losciudadanos. Las hipótesis se ponen a prueba mediante datos sobre losbombardeos perpetrados por el bando franquista en 1.062 municipiosde Cataluña durante la Guerra Civil española (1936-1939). Los resultadosconfi rman que los ataques aéreos tienen una relación positiva conel apoyo local al bando contrario en las elecciones democráticas depreguerra, así como con las ejecuciones perpetradas por el grupo rivaldurante la guerra. El primer resultado coincide con la hipótesis política;el segundo, con la hipótesis de la venganza.
Mercados de trabajo secundarios e inmigración: el servicio doméstico en Estados Unidos
Authors: Ariza Castillo Marina
Published: October 2011

El servicio doméstico fi gura entre los mercados de trabajo secundariosque han cobrado vigencia en el contexto de la globalización. Sudinamismo se relaciona con la demanda de fuerza de trabajo femeninabarata para satisfacer necesidades de atención en la esfera de lareproducción doméstica. La caracterización del mercado de trabajo delservicio doméstico en Estados Unidos a principios del siglo XXI con baseen datos de encuesta muestra que —ahora como antaño— su crecimientodescansa principalmente en la afl uencia de fuerza de trabajoinmigrante, que en nuestros días es principalmente latinoamericana. Elnivel de pobreza que acusan y su baja escolaridad, corroboran que elcrecimiento de este mercado de trabajo en las sociedades desarrolladases una más de las secuelas regresivas del mundo del trabajo en elcontexto de la globalización.
Anticoagulation for venous thromboembolism
Authors: Palareti G.
Published: October 2011

Acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) is treated with parenteral administration of heparin or derivatives, in conjunction with oral vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) to reach and maintain INR values between 2.0 and 3.0 for at least 3 months; the duration of a further period of treatment for secondary prevention of recurrences is still matter of debate. If bleeding occurs during treatment the decision will be based on: a) type of bleeding (major or minor), and b) thrombotic risk if anticoagulation is withheld (characteristics of patients and time elapsed from the index VTE). In case of major bleeding anticoagulation should be stopped and reversed. A first but insufficient measure is i.v. vitamin K administration. Fresh frozen plasma is widely used; however, large volumes are needed (at least 15 mL/kg body weight) with risk for fluid overload. Prothrombin complex concentrate infusion, with 3 or (better) the 4 pro-coagulant factors, is a more efficient (fast and safe) measure. In patients at high thrombotic risk (first month or other conditions) and absolute contraindication for anticoagulation a caval filter is recommended, to avoid as much as possible lifethreatening pulmonary embolism.
Comparing MTA and Ketac Molar Easymix for Furcation Perforation Repair using a Volumetric Method
Authors: KAYA Sadullah , GANİDAĞLI AYAZ Selengül , DOĞAN Mehmet Sinan , AYDIN Haluk
Published: October 2011

Aim: We compared the ability of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Ketac Molar Easymix (KM) to repair furcal perforations in extracted human molars, based on the volume of methylene blue dye penetration.

Methodology: In total, 44 human mandibular molars were divided randomly into two (n = 20 each) experimental groups, with two teeth used as positive controls and two teeth without perforations used as negative controls. Group 1 was repaired with MTA and group 2 with Ketac Molar Easymix. The volumetric determination of dye penetration was based on the molecular characteristics of methylene blue. The standard area of a methylene blue particle is known and the surface area can be calculated. We converted the dye penetration area into a volume and performed quantitative analyses.

Results: Volume measurement using the dye penetration method showed that KM resulted in more microleakage than MTA (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Mineral trioxide aggregate resulted in significantly less dye leakage than Ketac Molar Easymix using a volumetric measurement method.

 

How to cite this article: Kaya S,  Ganidağlı Ayaz S, Doğan MS,  Aydın H. Comparing MTA and Ketac Molar Easymix for furcation perforation repair using a volumetric method. Int Dent Res 2011;1:13-17.
Fabrication of structural composites from waste carpet
Authors: Jain Abhishek , Pandey Gajendra , SINGH Abhishek K. , Rajagopalan Vasudevan , Vaidyanathan Ranji , Singh Raman P.
Published: October 2011

Vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) has been used to fabricate engineered composite materials from postconsumer carpet waste. The process is unique and applicable to any type of carpet. This method utilizes the three‐dimensional material architecture of carpet to result in composites with improved mechanical properties, as compared to other recycled carpet‐based materials. The technique can be used to make laminated structures for load‐bearing applications. As a result, this can lead to the recycling of waste carpet with the potential of reduced environmental impact. The potential applications of these composites include low‐cost containers, civil infrastructure components, and materials for impact protection. Moreover, the simplicity of the fabrication technique makes it attractive for commercialization. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 31: 380–389, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.20261
Processing and Properties of a Polymer/Composite Double‐Layer Laminate
Authors: Salomi A. , Greco A. , Pacifico T. , Rametta R. , Maffezzoli A.
Published: October 2011

Coupled polymer/composite parts were obtained for adapting a bladder‐molding technique previously developed for the production of hollow components with continuous fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic matrix composites. The internal layer (bladder side) is made up of an unreinforced thermoplastic polymer, linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE), and the external one (mold side) is made up of a thermoplastic matrix composite based on isotactic polypropylene (PP) and E‐glass fabric. The adhesion between the two layers is achieved by applying pressure (<1 bar) through a silicone bladder. The composite/polymer interface was characterized by the evaluation of the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) (between composite and unreinforced polymer), flexural stiffness, and short‐beam strength analysis. The experimental mechanical properties were compared with model results, derived on the assumption that perfect adhesion exists between the two layers. A good agreement between the predicted and experimental mechanical properties was observed. As indicated by double notch shear tests used for the IFSS evaluation, good adhesion between LLDPE and PP matrix composite was achieved during processing. The results reported confirm the suitability of the method for a double‐layer structure fabrication. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 32: E32–E43, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.20267
H∞ Observer Design for Descriptor Systems with Slope‐Restricted Nonlinearities
Authors: Yang Chunyu , Zhang Qingling , Chou Jyh‐Horng , Yin Fei
Published: October 2011

This paper considers the H∞ observer design problem for a class of nonlinear descriptor systems subject to disturbances. A linear matrix inequality (LMI)‐based observer design method is derived such that the error system is internally exponentially stable with a given decay rate and the L
2 gain of the mapping from the disturbances to the error output is less than or equal to a prescribed level. It is further shown that the solution to the obtained observer system exists and is unique for any compatible initial condition. Two convex optimization problems are formulated to improve the estimation performance. The obtained results are illustrated by numerical examples.

Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Abstractness and continuity in the syntactic development of young children with autism
Authors: Naigles Letitia R. , Kelty Emma , Jaffery Rose , Fein Deborah
Published: October 2011

Grammar is frequently considered to be a strength in the cognitive profile of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs); however, few studies have investigated how abstract (i.e. distinct from specific lexical items) is the grammatical knowledge of individuals with ASD. In this study, we examine the extent to which children with ASD have abstracted the transitive (SVO) frame in English. Participants in a longitudinal study of language acquisition in children with autism (17 children with ASD averaging 41 months of age, 18 TD children averaging 28 months of age) were taught two novel verbs in transitive sentences and asked (via intermodal preferential looking) whether these verbs mapped onto novel causative vs. noncausative actions. Both groups consistently mapped the verbs onto the causative actions (i.e. they engaged in syntactic bootstrapping). Moreover, the children with ASD's performance on this task was significantly and independently predicted by both vocabulary and sentence‐processing measures obtained 8 months earlier. We conclude that many children with ASD are able to generalize grammatical patterns, and this ability may derive from earlier lexical and grammatical knowledge. Autism Res 2011,4:422–437. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Studies on magnetism and bioelectromagnetics for 45 years: From magnetic analog memory to human brain stimulation and imaging
Authors: Ueno Shoogo
Published: October 2011

Forty‐five years of studies on magnetism and bioelectromagnetics, in our laboratory, are presented. This article is prepared for the d'Arsonval Award Lecture. After a short introduction of our early work on magnetic analog memory, we review and discuss the following topics: (1) Magnetic nerve stimulation and localized transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the human brain by figure‐eight coils; (2) Measurements of weak magnetic fields generated from the brain by superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) systems, called magnetoencephalography (MEG), and its application in functional brain studies; (3) New methods of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the imaging of impedance of the brain, called impedance MRI, and the imaging of neuronal current activities in the brain, called current MRI; (4) Cancer therapy and other medical treatments by pulsed magnetic fields; (5) Effects of static magnetic fields and magnetic control of cell orientation and cell growth; and (6) Effects of radio frequency magnetic fields and control of iron ion release and uptake from and into ferritins, iron cage proteins. These bioelectromagnetic studies have opened new horizons in magnetism and medicine, in particular for brain research and treatment of ailments such as depression, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's diseases. Bioelectromagnetics 33:3–22, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Liposomes surface conjugated with human hemoglobin target delivery to macrophages
Authors: Zhang Ning , Palmer Andre F.
Published: October 2011

Current strategies to deliver therapeutic molecules to specific cell and tissue types rely on conjugation of antibodies and other targeting ligands directly to the therapeutic molecule itself or its carrier. This work describes a novel strategy to deliver therapeutic molecules into macrophages that takes advantage of the native hemoglobin (Hb) scavenging activity of plasma haptoglobin (Hp) and the subsequent uptake of the Hb–Hp complex into macrophages via CD163 receptor‐mediated endocytosis. The drug delivery system described in this work consists of Hb decorated liposomes that can encapsulate any therapeutic molecule of interest, in this case the model fluorescent dye calcein was used in this study. The results of this study clearly demonstrate that this delivery system is specific towards macrophages and demonstrates the feasibility of using this approach in targeted drug delivery. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:823–829. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Branched polyethylene glycol for protein precipitation
Authors: Sim Siow‐Leng , He Tao , Tscheliessnig Anne , Mueller Monika , Tan Reginald B.H. , Jungbauer Alois
Published: October 2011

The use of linear PEGs for protein precipitation raises the issues of high viscosity and limited selectivity. This paper explores PEG branching as a way to alleviate the first problem, by using 3‐arm star as the model branched structure. 3‐arm star PEGs of 4,000 to 9,000 Da were synthesized and characterized. The effects of PEG branching were then elucidated by comparing the branched PEG precipitants to linear versions of equivalent molecular weights, in terms of IgG recovery from CHO cell culture supernatant, precipitation selectivity, solubility of different purified proteins, and precipitation kinetics. Two distinct effects were observed: PEG branching reduced dynamic viscosity; secondly, the branched PEGs precipitated less proteins and did so more slowly. Precipitation selectivity was largely unaffected. When the branched PEGs were used at concentrations higher than their linear counterparts to give similar precipitation yields, the dynamic viscosity of the branched PEGs were noticeably lower. Interestingly, the precipitation outcome was found to be a strong function of PEG hydrodynamic radius, regardless of PEG shape and molecular weight. These observations are consistent with steric mechanisms such as volume exclusion and attractive depletion. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:736–746. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel population balance model to investigate the kinetics of in vitro cell proliferation: Part II. numerical solution, parameters' determination, and model outcomes
Authors: Fadda Sarah , Cincotti Alberto , Cao Giacomo
Published: October 2011

Based on the general theoretical model developed in Part I of this work, a series of numerical simulations related to the in vitro proliferation kinetics of adherent cells is here presented. First the complex task of assigning a specific value to all the parameters of the proposed population balance (PB) model is addressed, by also highlighting the difficulties arising when performing proper comparisons with experimental data. Then, a parametric sensitivity analysis is performed, thus identifying the more relevant parameters from a kinetics perspective. The proposed PB model can be adapted to describe cell growth under various conditions, by properly changing the value of the adjustable parameters. For this reason, model parameters able to mimic cell culture behavior under microgravity conditions are identified by means of a suitable parametric sensitivity analysis. Specifically, it is found that, as the volume growth parameter is reduced, proliferation slows down while cells arrest in G0/G1 or G2/M depending on the initial distribution of cell population. On the basis of this result, model capabilities have been tested by means of a proper comparison with literature experimental data related to the behavior of synchronized and not‐synchronized cells under micro‐ and standard gravity levels. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:782–796. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.