bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GlassNet: Label Decoupling‐based Three‐stream Neural Network for Robust Image Glass Detection
Authors: Zheng Chengyu , Shi Ding , Yan Xuefeng , Liang Dong , Wei Mingqiang , Yang Xin , Guo Yanwen , Xie Haoran
Published: January 2022

Most of the existing object detection methods generate poor glass detection results, due to the fact that the transparent glass shares the same appearance with arbitrary objects behind it in an image. Different from traditional deep learning‐based wisdoms that simply use the object boundary as an auxiliary supervision, we exploit label decoupling to decompose the original labelled ground‐truth (GT) map into an interior‐diffusion map and a boundary‐diffusion map. The GT map in collaboration with the two newly generated maps breaks the imbalanced distribution of the object boundary, leading to improved glass detection quality. We have three key contributions to solve the transparent glass detection problem: (1) We propose a three‐stream neural network (call GlassNet for short) to fully absorb beneficial features in the three maps. (2) We design a multi‐scale interactive dilation module to explore a wider range of contextual information. (3) We develop an attention‐based boundary‐aware feature Mosaic module to integrate multi‐modal information. Extensive experiments on the benchmark dataset exhibit clear improvements of our method over SOTAs, in terms of both the overall glass detection accuracy and boundary clearness.
Identifying hotspots and priority areas for xenarthran research and conservation
Authors: Feijó Anderson , Ge Deyan , Wen Zhixin , Xia Lin , Yang Qisen
Published: January 2022

Aim

Limited funds for conservation and research require the development of prioritization schemes. Traditionally, biodiversity metrics were used to delineate priority areas; however, a growing realization emphasizes that logistic factors should be also considered. Here, we combine species richness, past collection efforts, degree of habitat loss and accessibility to define priority areas and spatially orient fieldwork in a cost‐effective manner for xenarthrans.

Location

Neotropics.

Methods

We assessed spatial patterns of species richness in Xenarthra and identified diversity hotspots based on species distribution models. Spatial patterns and biases in the Xenarthra past collection efforts were analysed using a comprehensive database including 33,464 individual records for 34 species of Xenarthra. Finally, we produced priority area indices relating species richness and collection efforts with levels of habitat loss and accessibility (roads and rivers network) to highlight important but neglected areas.

Results

Collection efforts were concentrated to a small portion of the Neotropics (central‐western Brazil, eastern Bolivia and north‐western Argentina) and were biased towards access routes. Only 4% of the Neotropics can be considered well sampled. Major xenarthran diversity hotspots include the Amazonian lowlands of Bolivia and the dry Chaco of Paraguay and Argentina. Priority areas for research varied depending on the metric analysed. Amazon holds a high diversity that remains poorly explored. Central Argentina and eastern Brazil are priority areas for research and conservation given the low sampling efforts, high diversity and endemic species, high levels of habitat loss and a dense road network.

Main conclusions

Most areas of the Neotropics lack a proper assessment of the xenarthran assemblage, reflecting extensive knowledge shortfalls. Sites close to roads tend to be better sampled, but many areas with a dense road network are undersampled, being good candidates for low‐cost studies. Xenarthra diversity hotspots facing the highest levels of habitat alteration are the least protected and are priority for both research and conservation. Simultaneous efforts of data collection and conservation actions across most of the xenarthran range should be stimulated.
Do transfers lower inequality between households? Demographic evidence from Distributional National Accounts
Authors: Gindelsky Marina
Published: January 2022

Using the Distribution of Personal Income constructed by the Bureau of Economic Analysis for U.S. households (2007–2018), I use a National Accounts framework to show that transfers significantly lower inequality between households by redistributing income from non‐elderly households to elderly households. Social security and Medicare are the most significant transfers, responsible for two third of the overall inequality reduction, substantially more than income‐based transfers for most households. Transfers do not significantly reduce inequality between racial groups overall. As the population ages, transfers have increased as a share of income for all races; yet, inequality persists at a high level.
COVID‐19–related stressors, family functioning and mental health in Canada: Test of indirect effects
Authors: Mohanty Jayashree , Chokkanathan Srinivasan , Alberton Amy M.
Published: January 2022

Objective

The purpose of this study was to examine how family relationships relate to stress and mental health during the COVID‐19 pandemic response in Ontario, Canada.

Background

Generally, families are pillars of strength during times of stress and burden. However, enduring stressors, such as the COVID‐19 pandemic, may challenge the cohesion and caregiving functions of families. Researchers are just beginning to explore stressors associated with the COVID‐19 pandemic, family functioning, and mental health in the general population. Rooted in stress process theory, the current study disentangles the complex pathways through which COVID‐19‐pandemic–related stressors and family cohesion and family conflict are associated with the mental health of the general population in Ontario, Canada.

Method

Data were collected using an online survey from April 22, 2020, to May 22, 2020. Through convenience sampling, 933 individuals were recruited from the general population in Ontario, Canada.

Results

Findings suggest that COVID‐19‐pandemic–related stressors are associated with anxiety directly and indirectly through eroding family cohesion and exacerbating family conflicts.

Conclusion

By looking into family cohesion and family conflicts simultaneously, this investigation has taken a nuanced approach to studying the influence of COVID‐19‐pandemic–related stressors on family functioning.

Implications

These findings suggest that efforts to assist families in bolstering cohesiveness may be helpful. Further, diminishing family conflicts, especially during community or global disasters, such as epidemics, pandemics, or natural disasters, should be a focus in both practice and future research.
Transnational lived citizenship turns local: Covid‐19 and Eritrean and Ethiopian diaspora in Nairobi
Authors: Müller Tanja R.
Published: January 2022

This paper analyses how migrant community practices of transnational lived citizenship were altered by both, COVID‐19 and the policy response from the Kenyan government. It is based on interviews with members of the Eritrean and Ethiopian diaspora residing in Nairobi. The paper demonstrates how policies introduced because of the pandemic caused migrant communities to lose local and remittance income. More than the loss of material resources, however, they were impacted by the elimination of social spaces that enable diaspora lives. These two dynamics have intensified a trend that may have been present before the pandemic, a local turn of transnational lived citizenship. By focusing on lived experiences and how they have been re‐assessed during the pandemic, the paper argues that transnational lived citizenship is always in flux and can easily become reconfigured as more localized practices. The concept of transnational lived citizenship is demonstrated to be a useful lens for analysing shifting migrant livelihoods and belonging.
Using Si/SiC solid waste to design urchin‐like mullite whiskers for oil‐water separation
Authors: Liu Zhaoyang , Yu Jingkun , Wang Xiangnan , Wang Jiakang , Zhang Ling , Wen Tianpeng , Jia Danbin , Yan Zhengguo , Yuan Lei , Ma Beiyue
Published: January 2022

Using recyclable industrial waste Si/SiC and Al2(SO4)3 as starting materials, urchin‐like mullite whiskers were successfully synthesized via the molten salt method. The characterizations were focused on the phase transformations and morphology evolution of mullite whiskers. The circular oxidation‐dissolution‐precipitation mechanism was proposed for the growth of urchin‐like mullite whiskers. Then, the pressing‐sintering process was used for fabricating porous whisker‐structured mullite ceramics for oil‐water separation applications. Physical properties of porous ceramic, including bulk density, apparent porosity, mechanical and thermal shock resistance were measured. It was found that excessive reaction temperature could decompose the mullite, and a suitable temperature for pure urchin‐like mullite whiskers was found to be 900°C. To achieve oil‐water separation, bionic surface grafting technology was used for coating a hydrophobic and lipophilic material (octadecylamine, ODA) on mullite ceramic. Oil adsorption capacities of the ceramic/ODA for various oils, that is, .27 and .24 g/g for cooking and motor oil, respectively, were successfully achieved.
Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and properties of powder immersion reaction assisted chromium carbide coatings prepared on Q235 steel
Authors: Wu Shoujun , Fu Guo , Zhang Bo , Chen Yue , He Wei , Zhang Bin , He Bin
Published: January 2022

In this work, powder immersion reaction assisted (PIRAC) chromium carbide coatings prepared on Q235 steel at 800 and 900°C were heat‐treated in vacuum at 900 and 1000°C, respectively. The effects of heat treatments on the phase compositions, microhardness, and oxidation behavior in the air of the as‐prepared PIRAC chromium carbide coatings were investigated. Under further heat treatments, Cr23C6 in the chromium carbide coatings was carburized due to the diffusion of carbon and transformed into Cr3C2 and Cr7C3 and subsequently, the microhardness of the coatings increased. The higher the heat treatment temperature, the higher the amount of Cr3C2 and Cr7C3 and the greater microhardness of the coatings. The as‐prepared and heat‐treated chromium carbide coatings experienced similar parabolic oxidation weight gains with time. Further heat treatments led to the oxidation‐induced weight gain and the parabolic oxidation rate constant decreased.
Effects of gallic acid and its alkyl esters on lipid oxidation duringin vitrosimulated gastrointestinal digestion of fresh and fried oysters
Authors: Luo Ying , Li Ao , Shen Miao , Yu Man‐Man , Wu Zi‐Xuan , Liu Xiao‐Yang , Yin Fa‐Wen , Zhou Da‐Yong
Published: January 2022

The process of lipid oxidation in fresh and fried oysters duringin vitrodigestion and the relationship between the antioxidant ability of phenolic esters with different chain lengths were investigated through co‐digestion of fresh and fried oysters with gallic acid (GA) and its alkyl esters. Lipid oxidation in fresh and fried oysters during simulated digestionin vitrowas observed according to increased conjugated diene value, conjugated triene value, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and fluorescence intensity of aldehydes. Lipid oxidation in oysters was inhibited by GA and its alkyl esters duringin vitrodigestion effectively. As the alkyl chain length increased, the antioxidant effect first increased and then decreased, and butyl gallate achieved the highest effect among the GA and its alkyl esters we studied, which suggests that the antioxidant efficiency of GA and its alkyl esters in the digestive system may follow the ‘cut‐off’ effect.
Effect of black rice flour with different particle sizes on frozen dough and steamed bread quality
Authors: Feng Wenjuan , Ma Sen , Wang Fengcheng , Wang Xiaoxi
Published: January 2022

This article presents a novel idea for the preparation of frozen dough and steamed bread by which black rice flour (BRF) with different particle sizes (0.18–0.25 mm, 0.15–0.18 mm and 0.125–0.15 mm) was added into wheat flour (WF), considering the nutritional values of BRF. The characteristic of the composite flour (CF), frozen dough and steamed bread was studied. CF had higher contents of dietary fibres (2.01–2.16%) but lower content of protein (11.57–11.92%) compared with WF (1.6% and 12.60%, respectively). Correlation analysis showed that the addition of BRF could alleviate the damage to dough caused by freezing, which may be due to that water in CF dough was more stable. The content of freezable water in WF dough increased by 23.48%, while that in CF dough increased by 6.09–12.11% after frozen storage. With decreasing particle size, the hardness of CF dough decreased and the resistance to extension and gas retention coefficient increased, whereas the specific volume and the soft crumb texture of CF steamed bread increased. In short, small‐sized BRF is more suitable for use in the preparation of steamed bread.
GRASP‐ILS and set cover hybrid heuristic for the synchronized team orienteering problem with time windows
Authors: Yahiaoui Ala‐Eddine , Moukrim Aziz , Serairi Mehdi
Published: January 2022

Wildfires are a natural phenomenon that regularly occurs in many terrestrial ecosystems. Due to global warming, the rate and the span of wildfires have remarkably increased during the last years, causing important economic losses and human casualties. Several initiatives have been undertaken in the last years in order to apply operations research tools to help firefighting teams schedule and optimize their protection activities when dealing with wildfires. In this context, a recent variant of the Team Orienteering Problem, referred to as the Asset Protection Problem, was proposed in van der Merwe et al. (2015). In this problem, firefighting teams provide a protective service to a set of assets endangered by wildfires. These activities can be performed by a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles and occur within specific time intervals estimated on the basis of fire fronts progression. This problem incorporates three additional constraints: time windows, synchronized visits, and compatibility constraints between vehicles and assets. In this paper, we propose a hybrid approach that combines a Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure coupled with an Iterated Local Search (GRASPILS) and a post‐optimization phase based on a set covering formulation. Interestingly, GRASPILS incorporates an adaptive candidate list‐based insertion heuristic and a Variable Neighborhood Descent search procedure. Detailed computational tests were carried out on benchmark instances from the literature. The results show that our method outperforms the other methods in the literature, since it improves all the best‐known solutions on medium‐ and large‐size instances, while maintaining shorter computational times.
Use of a purified reconstituted bilayer matrix in the management of chronic diabetic foot ulcers improves patient outcomes vs standard of care: Results of a prospective randomised controlled multi‐centre clinical trial
Authors: Armstrong David G. , Orgill Dennis P. , Galiano Robert D. , Glat Paul M. , Kaufman Jarrod P. , Carter Marissa J. , DiDomenico Lawrence A. , Zelen Charles M.
Published: January 2022

Diabetic foot infections continue to be a major challenge for health care delivery systems. Following encouraging results from a pilot study using a novel purified reconstituted bilayer matrix (PRBM) to treat chronic diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), we designed a prospective, multi‐centre randomised trial comparing outcomes of PRBM at 12 weeks compared with a standard of care (SOC) using a collagen alginate dressing. The primary endpoint was percentage of wounds closed after 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes included assessments of complications, healing time, quality of life, and cost to closure. Forty patients were included in an intent‐to‐treat (ITT) and per‐protocol (PP) analysis, with 39 completing the study protocol (n = 19 PRBM, n = 20 SOC). Wounds treated with PRBM were significantly more likely to close than wounds treated with SOC (ITT: 85% vs 30%, P = .0004, PP: 94% vs 30% P = .00008), healed significantly faster (mean 37 days vs 67 days for SOC, P = .002), and achieved a mean wound area reduction within 12 weeks of 96% vs 8.9% for SOC. No adverse events (AEs) directly related to PRBM treatment were reported. Mean PRBM cost of healing was $1731. Use of PRBM was safe and effective for treatment of chronic DFUs.
Preparation of tritium breeding Li2TiO3 ceramic pebbles via newly developed piezoelectric micro‐droplet jetting
Authors: Cai Jili , Xu Gaoyong , Lu Hui , Xu Chenguang , Hu Yifei , Cai Chao , Suo Jinping
Published: January 2022

Wet methods as an emerging technique for the preparation of millimeter‐sized tritium breeding ceramic pebbles, but the imposed air pressure as the driving forces to extrude slurry droplets are fluctuating during the reciprocating extrusion process, which caused a slight inconsistency in pebble sizes. In this study, a piezoelectric micro‐droplet jetting approach was proposed by introducing a piezo‐driven valve and modifying the slurry barrel mechanism to realize the air pressure invariable. A self‐developed piezoelectric micro‐droplet jetting device was successfully utilized to prepare Li2TiO3 green pebbles with coefficients of variation being lower than 2.7%. The size of the green pebbles could be precisely controlled in the range of 0.88–1.37 mm by manipulating the nozzle diameter, the air pressure, and the jetting time. The pebbles sintered at 1000°C for 3 h possessed a small grain size of ∼5.9 μm, a satisfied relative density of ∼84.8% T.D., and a high crush load of ∼25.7 N, implying the prepared pebbles could be used as a promising solid tritium breeding material in fusion reactors. These findings are anticipated to provide new opportunities for the highly efficient preparation of size‐controllable tritium breeding ceramic pebbles.
Biogeography and shape of fungal fairy rings in the Apennine mountains, Italy
Authors: Allegrezza Marina , Bonanomi Giuliano , Zotti Maurizio , Carteni Fabrizio , Moreno Mauro , Olivieri Letizia , Garbarino Matteo , Tesei Giulio , Giannino Francesco , Mazzoleni Stefano
Published: January 2022

Aim

Fungal ‘fairy rings’ (FRs) are regular bands of vegetation caused by a centrifugal expansion of fungal mycelia. It is well established that FR fungi affect both soil chemistry and microbiome, but nothing is known about the distribution of these patterns at the regional scale. Here, we assess the abundance and occurrences of different FR shapes i.e. rings, arcs and rotors, and explore their association with geomorphology and climate.

Location

The Apennine Mountains, 300‐km latitudinal gradient along the Italian Peninsula.

Taxon

Basidiomycetous fungi.

Methods

High‐resolution freely available images were gathered to study FR shapes and distribution in the Apennine region of Italy. First, 12 mountains with different elevations and geomorphology were studied to assess the colonial density and relative distribution of FR type. FR distribution and shape and size of additional 616 FRs were studied in 61 study sites and relationship with selected climatic and topographic variables were assessed using different modelling approaches.

Results

Overall, 1163 FR structures were found across the study area. Arcs were the most common shape followed by rings. Rotors were rare, accounting for less than 2% of all observations. Fungal colony density varied largely both among and within sites, averaging 6.7 arcs, 2.2 rings and only 0.1 rotors per ha. On average, arcs (18.8 m) were similar in size compared to rotors (18.4 m) whilst rings were smaller (11.7 m). Arcs presented a higher frequency of occurrence on steeper slopes whilst rings were mostly found on flat and moderate slopes. FRs occurred within the altitudinal range between 546 m and 2148 m a.s.l., corresponding to temperatures between 3.4 and 12.7°C and rainfall between 1100 and 1300 mm per year.

Main Conclusions

FRs are common elements of the Apennine grassland landscape where they may contribute to the maintenance of plant and microbial diversity. Better systematic identification of the fungal species involved in the formation of FRs is required. Further research that combines long‐term field manipulative experiments and modelling work would help to explain the formation of rings, arcs and rotors during the ontogenetic development of fungal fronts.
Bacterial symbiosis in ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora): Roads traveled and those still to be taken
Authors: Fokin Sergei I. , Serra Valentina
Published: January 2022

The diversity of prokaryotic symbionts in Ciliophora and other protists is fascinatingly rich; they may even include some potentially pathogenic bacteria. In this review, we summarize currently available data on biodiversity and some morphological and biological peculiarities of prokaryotic symbionts mainly within the genera Paramecium and Euplotes. Another direction of ciliate symbiology, neglected for a long time and now re‐discovered, is the study of epibionts of ciliates. This promises a variety of interesting outcomes. Last, but not least, we stress the new technologies, such as next generation sequencing and the use of genomics data, which all can clarify many new aspects of relevance. For this reason, a brief overview of achievements in genomic studies on ciliate's symbionts is provided. Summing up the results of numerous scientific contributions, we systematically update current knowledge and outline the prospects as to how symbiology of Ciliophora may develop in the near future.
Project portfolio planning under CO2 fleet emission restrictions in the automotive industry
Authors: Thies Christian , Hüls Christoph , Kieckhäfer Karsten , Wansart Jörg , Spengler Thomas S.
Published: January 2022

This paper aims to identify financially and environmentally promising project portfolio decisions under CO2 fleet emission restrictions in the automotive industry. These decisions are particularly difficult due to uncertain demand, ever‐stricter CO2 fleet emission thresholds, and an increasing number of alternative powertrain technologies that can be integrated into different vehicle projects with high project‐specific investments and long product life cycles. We develop a mixed‐integer linear programming model that maximizes the net present value of car manufacturers’ project portfolios, so‐called cycle plans, by selecting specific vehicle projects and by determining the respective production quantities to comply with the given thresholds for the CO2 fleet emissions. By applying the model to an illustrative European car manufacturer, promising cycle plan decisions are determined and analyzed across six market demand scenarios. The results reveal that compliance with the European emission thresholds until 2035 is generally possible if electric vehicle demand gains momentum, but threshold exceedance and corresponding penalty payments can be financially advantageous in some situations. Long‐term compliance with CO2 regulation and financial success is supported by the fast market introduction of battery electric vehicles and the preparation of fuel cell electric vehicles for a later market introduction in large‐sized vehicles.
How do justice and top management beliefs matter in industrial symbiosis collaboration: An exploratory study from China
Authors: Liu Yang , Cheng Peng , Hu Li
Published: January 2022

Justice has been widely studied by behavior researchers in recent years. However, it has not received very much attention in industrial symbiosis (IS) network research. This inductive study presents a synthetic conceptual model connecting justice to corporate collaborative actions in the context of IS through top management. Using structural equation modeling to analyze a survey of 209 firms in two eco‐industrial parks in China, we examined inductively the effects of distributive, procedural, and interactional justice on top management, IS collaboration, and environmental performance of firms. Results demonstrate that different aspects of justice have different direct and indirect effects on IS collaboration and environmental performance. Furthermore, we detected that top management beliefs (TMB) affect IS collaboration and influence environmental performance. The mediating effect of IS collaboration between TMB and environmental performance was examined and discussed.
Follow‐up of extensive calcified costal cartilage‐based rhinoplasty in Chinese People
Authors: Wang Xin , Dong Wenfang , Wang Huan , You Jianjun , Zheng Ruobing , Xu Yihao , Fan Fei
Published: January 2022

Objective

To the best of our knowledge, there is currently no such study in the area of extensive calcified costal cartilage rhinoplasty. The study evaluated patients' satisfaction with extensive calcified costal cartilage compared with no calcified costal cartilage.

Method

Thirty‐five patients with extensive calcified costal cartilage underwent rhinoplasty at our institution between January 2018 and May 2020. We also used a control group of 35 patients with absent rib cartilage calcification to compare the outcomes. Satisfaction was evaluated by the photogrammetric measurements and Rhinoplasty Outcomes Evaluation (ROE) scale.

Results

We found no significant difference in the nose measurement between the two groups before and after the operation. Besides, both groups had a significant difference in comparison with preoperative after surgery except for the nasofrontal angle. The difference between preoperative and postoperative ROE scores was statistically significant in both groups. We also compared the satisfaction of preoperative and postoperative outcomes between the two groups, where no difference was found between them. Each group had a patient who occurred an infection after surgery.

Conclusion

Autologous costal cartilage provides the most abundant source for graft fabrication. Patients with extensive calcified cartilage could undergo rhinoplasty and have satisfactory results instead of choosing an artificial implant.
Internal debt and welfare
Authors: Kalamov Zarko Y.
Published: January 2022

This paper analyzes how multinational firms' internal debt financing affects high‐tax countries. It uses a dynamic small open economy model and takes into account that internal debt impacts both the multinational firms' investment decisions and the government's tax policy. The government has incentives to redistribute income from firm owners to workers. If the government's redistributive motive is not too strong, internal debt reduces welfare in the short term by decreasing tax revenues. However, debt financing stimulates capital accumulation and exerts a positive long‐term welfare impact.
Colletotrichum fructicola associated with fruit anthracnose of persimmon
Authors: Evallo Edzel , Taguiam John Darby , Balendres Mark Angelo
Published: January 2022

Anthracnose, a major problem for persimmon exporters worldwide, reduces fruit yield and quality. In this study, a pathogen causing anthracnose of an imported persimmon fruit from an unknown country of origin was identified using a polyphasic approach. The pathogenicity of two fungal isolates, MBPER001A and MBPER002, was assessed by wound inoculation on healthy persimmon fruits. Anthracnose symptoms were observed 14 days after inoculation. Koch's postulates were fulfilled after the same fungus was re‐isolated from the inoculated fruits. Morphologies of both MBPER001A and MBPER002 isolates, original and re‐isolated, showed characteristics similar to Colletotrichum species in the gloeosporioides species complex. Multi‐locus analysis of the partial ITS, ACT, GAPDH and TUB2 gene regions showed MBPER001A and MBPER002 grouped within the Colletotrichum fructicola clade. Results from this study demonstrate the ability of C. fructicola to cause anthracnose in wounded persimmon fruits. Preventing wounding and damaging that expose the fruit during postharvest handling is therefore important to reduce infection. This study is the first report of C. fructicola in persimmon in the Philippines.
What is implicit culture?
Authors: Lizardo Omar
Published: January 2022

In this paper, I examine what it means for culture, in both its personal and public forms, to be implicit. I begin by considering a recent attempt to develop a descriptive taxonomy of other people's views of practices developed by Stephen Turner. A key result is that a specific combination of claims about the properties of practices yields an ontologically problematic category, which is a candidate for elimination. Following Turner's lead, I provide my own refurbished taxonomy of practical culture that does not contain ontologically problematic members. Another key result of the initial analysis is that implicitness is a relational property presupposing at least one agent with awareness (or unawareness) of the cultural element in question. This epistemic dependence implies that only personal culture internalized by people can be coherently thought of as 'implicit' (to them). Finally, I conclude that using mentalistic versions of implicitness to characterize public culture, such as texts, language, monuments, tools, and classifications on paper, yields the same ontologically incoherent category eliminated in the first step. Following from this, I argue that it is desirable to conceptualize 'implicit' in a way that makes sense for public culture without stirring up the ghosts of collective minds and related conundrums. I propose one such (weak) version of implicitness when speaking of public culture that does not run afoul of this issue. I then return to personal culture, considering whether 'implicitness' is a unitary property of this kind, answering in the negative. This conclusion requires us to develop a principled taxonomy of the distinct ways personal culture can be ‘implicit,’ yielding personal culture that is implicit because it acquired 'automatic' status, versus personal culture that is implicit because it lacks (access) consciousness.
Prospective evaluation of complications associated with transesophageal echocardiography in dogs with congenital heart disease
Authors: Stoner Caitlin H. , Saunders Ashley B. , Heseltine Johanna C. , Cook Audrey K. , Lidbury Jonathan A.
Published: January 2022

Background

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is useful in the assessment and procedural monitoring of congenital heart disease (CHD) with a relatively low complication rate in humans.

Objectives

To evaluate the safety of TEE and report complications in dogs.

Animals

Forty client‐owned dogs with CHD.

Methods

Prospective observational study including gastroesophagoscopy before and after TEE imaging. TEE was planned with a GE 6VT‐D adult probe in dogs weighing ≥4 kg and a GE 10T‐D microprobe alternating with an intracardiac echocardiography probe placed in the esophagus in dogs <4 kg. Difficulties with probe placement, probe interference and TEE probe imaging times were recorded. Dogs were monitored in the recovery period after TEE using an established nausea scoring system.

Results

New gastroesophageal abnormalities were identified after TEE in 4 dogs including 4 areas of mucosal damage involving <25% of the lower esophageal sphincter (n = 4) and 1 lesion at the heart base (n = 1) and were not attributed to longer imaging times or a specific probe. Lesions identified before TEE in 4 dogs remained unchanged after TEE. The 6VT‐D probe could not be placed in 1 dog with enlarged tonsils, and it obstructed fluoroscopic views in 3 dogs. The probes did not compress any structures in dogs in which fluoroscopy was performed (n = 20). Four dogs had evidence to suggest nausea after the procedure.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

While major complications remain possible, complications in this study were mild and few in number. Dog size and probe characteristics are factors to consider when performing TEE.
Pleiotropy facilitates parallel adaptation in sticklebacks
Authors: Rennison Diana J. , Peichel Catherine L.
Published: January 2022

Highly pleiotropic genes are predicted to be used less often during adaptation, as mutations in these loci are more likely to have negative fitness consequences. Following this logic, we tested whether pleiotropy impacts the probability that a locus will be used repeatedly in adaptation. We used two proxies to estimate pleiotropy: number of phenotypic traits affected by a given genomic region and gene connectivity. We first surveyed 16 independent stream‐lake and three independent benthic‐limnetic ecotype pairs of threespine stickleback to estimate genome‐wide patterns in parallel genomic differentiation. Our analysis revealed parallel divergence across the genome; 30%–37% of outlier regions were shared between at least two independent pairs in either the stream‐lake or benthic‐limnetic comparisons. We then tested whether parallel genomic regions are less pleiotropic than nonparallel regions. Counter to our a priori prediction, parallel genomic regions contained genes with significantly more pleiotropy; that is, influencing a greater number of traits and more highly connected. The increased pleiotropy of parallel regions could not be explained by other genomic factors, as there was no significant difference in mean gene count, mutation or recombination rates between parallel and nonparallel regions. Interestingly, although nonparallel regions contained genes that were less connected and influenced fewer mapped traits on average than parallel regions, they also tended to contain the genes that were predicted to be the most pleiotropic. Taken together, our findings are consistent with the idea that pleiotropy only becomes constraining at high levels and that low or intermediate levels of pleiotropy may be beneficial for adaptation.
Recognizing object surface materials to adapt robotic disinfection in infrastructure facilities
Authors: Hu Da , Li Shuai
Published: January 2022

Existing disinfection robots are not intelligent enough to adapt their actions to object surface materials for precise and effective disinfection. To address this problem, a new framework is developed to enable the robot to recognize various object surface materials and to adapt its disinfection methods to be compatible with recognized object surface materials. Specifically, a new deep learning network is proposed that integrates multi‐level and multi‐scale features to classify the materials on contaminated surfaces requiring disinfection. The infection risk of contaminated surfaces is computed to choose the appropriate disinfection modes and parameters. The developed material recognition method demonstrates state‐of‐the‐art performance, achieving an accuracy of 92.24% and 91.84% on the Materials in Context Database validation and test datasets, respectively. The proposed method was also tested and evaluated in the context of healthcare facilities, where the material classification achieved an accuracy of 89.09%, and the adaptive robotic disinfection was successfully implemented.
Automated hyperspectral vegetation index derivation using a hyperparameter optimisation framework for high‐throughput plant phenotyping
Authors: Koh Joshua C.O. , Banerjee Bikram P. , Spangenberg German , Kant Surya
Published: January 2022

Hyperspectral vegetation indices (VIs) are widely deployed in agriculture remote sensing and plant phenotyping to estimate plant biophysical and biochemical traits. However, existing VIs consist mainly of simple two‐band indices that limit the net performance and often do not generalise well for traits other than those for which they were originally designed.

We present an automated hyperspectral vegetation index (AutoVI) system for the rapid generation of novel two‐ to six‐band trait‐specific indices in a streamlined process covering model selection, optimisation and evaluation, driven by the tree parzen estimator algorithm. Its performance was tested in generating novel indices to estimate chlorophyll and sugar contents in wheat.

Results showed that AutoVI can rapidly generate complex novel VIs (at least a four‐band index) that correlated strongly (R2 > 0.8) with measured chlorophyll and sugar contents in wheat. Automated hyperspectral vegetation index‐derived indices were used as features in simple and stepwise multiple linear regressions for chlorophyll and sugar content estimation, and outperformed the results achieved with the existing 47 VIs and those provided using partial least squares regression.

The AutoVI system can deliver novel trait‐specific VIs readily adoptable to high‐throughput plant phenotyping platforms and should appeal to plant scientists and breeders. A graphical user interface for the AutoVI is provided here.
Rothmund‐Thomson syndrome investigated by two nationwide surveys in Japan
Authors: Kaneko Hideo , Takemoto Minoru , Murakami Hiroaki , Ihara Kenji , Kosaki Rika , Motegi Sei‐ichiro , Taniguchi Akira , Matsuo Muneaki , Yamazaki Naoya , Nishigori Chikako , Takita Junko , Koshizaka Masaya , Maezawa Yoshiro , Yokote Koutaro
Published: January 2022

Background

Rothmund‐Thomson syndrome (RTS) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by poikiloderma of the face, small stature, sparse scalp hair, juvenile cataract, radial aplasia, and predisposition to cancers. Due to the rarity of RTS, the situation of patients with RTS in Japan has not been elucidated.

Methods

In 2010 and 2020, following the results of a primary questionnaire survey, a secondary questionnaire survey on RTS was conducted nationwide to investigate the number of RTS cases and their associated skin lesions, bone lesions, other clinical features, and quality of life in Japan.

Results

In 2010 and 2020, 10 and eight patients with RTS were recruited, respectively. Skin lesions such as poikiloderma, erythema, pigmentation, and abnormal scalp hair were observed in almost all cases. Bone lesions were observed in four cases in the 2010 and 2020 surveys, respectively. Two cases had mutations in the RECQL4 gene in the 2020 survey.

Conclusions

Two nationwide surveys have shown the actual situation of patients with RTS in Japan. Cutaneous and bone manifestations are important for the diagnosis of RTS. However, many patients have no RECQL4 mutations. The novel causative gene of RTS should be further elucidated.
Diagnostic performance of 2D‐shear wave elastography and serum fibrosis markers for evaluation of hepatic graft fibrosis in pediatric liver‐inclusive transplant recipients: A prospective pilot study
Authors: Vo Hanh D. , Radio Stanley J. , Granader Elon J. , Wojkiewicz Laura E. , Turner Patricia , Mauch Teri J.
Published: January 2022

Background

Liver biopsy is the gold standard for hepatic fibrosis staging, but it is invasive and has potential severe complications. We aimed to determine the diagnostic performance of 2D‐SWE and serum markers to predict significant hepatic graft fibrosis (≥F2) in pediatric liver‐inclusive transplant recipients.

Methods

This prospective, cross‐sectional pilot study included children younger than 19 years who had received a LT or LSBT and underwent a liver biopsy performed for clinical indications. LS was measured using 2D‐SWE. The AUROC was calculated to evaluate the diagnostic performance of 2D‐SWE and biomarkers (AST/ALT ratio, APRI, FIB4) for predicting significant fibrosis.

Results

Twenty‐two children (13 males, 8 LSBT) were included. Eighteen (81.8%) children received a whole liver graft. Thirteen (59.1%) patients had hepatic fibrosis (≥F1) and four (18.2%) had significant fibrosis. The AUROCs of AST/ALT ratio, APRI, and FIB4 for predicting significant hepatic graft fibrosis were 0.71 (p = .29), 0.85 (p = .0001), and 0.76 (p = .03), respectively. When FIB4 was calculated using the hepatic graft's age, its AUROC improved to 0.85 (p < .0001). The AUROC of 2D‐SWE for predicting significant hepatic graft fibrosis was 0.80 (p = .046). When 2D‐SWE was combined with APRI or FIB4, its AUROC improved to 0.82 (p = .08) and 0.87 (p = .002), respectively.

Conclusions

APRI and FIB4 can accurately predict significant hepatic graft fibrosis. 2D‐SWE may serve as a valuable adjunct tool to detect significant graft fibrosis, especially when combined with these serum markers.
A new red alga from Japan, Dasya japonovillosa sp. nov. (Delesseriaceae, Ceramiales)
Authors: Yamagishi Yukimasa , Kogame Kazuhiro , Masuda Michio
Published: January 2022

A new red alga from Japan, Dasya japonovillosa, is described. This new species and D. enomotoi, both of which have elongated axes densely covered with numerous soft monosiphonous filaments, may have been misidentified as D. villosa by previous investigators in Japan. Dasya villosa differs from D. japonovillosa and D. enomotoi in the distinct five pericentral cells in transverse sections and palisade‐like tetrasporangial cover cells. The new species is distinguished from several similar species by the combination of the following: an elongated axis (to 65 cm), subdichotomously divided axes and polysiphonous branches, indistinct pericentral cells in transverse sections except near the apices, and the presence of enlarged, inner cortical cells, radially arranged numerous soft monosiphonous filaments, three‐celled carpogonial branches, four tetrasporangia in each fertile segment of the stichidia, and one (rarely two) tetrasporangial cover cell that is not elongated longitudinally and rarely divided transversely.
When moral identity undermines moral behavior: An integrative framework
Authors: Krettenauer Tobias
Published: January 2022

While research bore out a reliable relationship between moral identity and moral behavior, it has not addressed potential undermining effects of moral identity on moral behavior. This paper offers an integrative framework for conceptualizing such effects. Within this framework, moral identity is defined as a goal that allows for different forms of goal pursuit. The moral identity goal can vary along three axes: prevention versus promotion orientation, external versus internal motivation, and low versus high level of abstraction. It is argued that (a) prevention orientation fosters moral disengagement, (b) external motivation promotes moral hypocrisy, and (c) a less abstract representation of the moral identity goal allows for moral licensing. These undermining effects can be overcome by promotion‐oriented, internally motivated and more abstract moral identity goals.
Workspaces of Mediation: How Digital Platforms Shape Practices, Spaces and Places of Creative Work
Authors: Repenning Alica
Published: January 2022

This paper investigates how online platforms co‐construct spatialities of fashion design. Advancing the notion of workspaces of mediation, the article interlinks research on the geographies of creative work with debates on digital geography. It demonstrates that humans, online platforms, and spatiality are interrelated and come together in the constitution of everyday spatial encounters and experiences. Applying methods from digital ethnography, in‐depth interviews, on/offline participant observations, and an analysis of Instagram accounts were conducted. The article demonstrates that Instagram has become a powerful non‐human actor that reconfigures (i) practices, (ii) spaces, and (iii) places of work. With the notion of workspaces of mediation, the paper argues that spaces of work must go beyond concepts of hybrid space and beyond the geotag. Instead, mediated workspaces are constituted as a complex entanglement of online and offline socio‐spatial relations and practices.
Osa‐miR535 targets SQUAMOSApromoter binding protein‐like 4 to regulate blast disease resistance in rice
Authors: Zhang Ling‐Li , Huang Yan‐Yan , Zheng Ya‐Ping , Liu Xin‐Xian , Zhou Shi‐Xin , Yang Xue‐Mei , Liu Shou‐Lan , Li Yan , Li Jin‐Lu , Zhao Sheng‐Li , Wang He , Ji Yun‐Peng , Zhang Ji‐Wei , Pu Mei , Zhao Zhi‐Xue , Fan Jing , Wang Wen‐Ming
Published: January 2022

Many rice microRNAs have been identified as fine‐tuning factors in the regulation of agronomic traits and immunity. Among them, Osa‐miR535 targets SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein‐like 14 (OsSPL14) to positively regulate tillers but negatively regulate yield and immunity. Here, we uncovered that Osa‐miR535 targets another SPL gene, OsSPL4, to suppress rice immunity against Magnaporthe oryzae. Overexpression of Osa‐miR535 significantly decreased the accumulation of the fusion protein SPL4TBS‐YFP that contains the target site of Osa‐miR535 in OsSPL4. Consistently, Osa‐miR535 mediated the cleavage of OsSPL4 mRNA between the 10th and 11th base pair of the predicted binding site at the 3′ untranslated region. Transgenic rice lines overexpressing OsSPL4 (OXSPL4) displayed enhanced blast disease resistance accompanied by enhanced immune responses, including increased expression of defense‐relative genes and up‐accumulated H2O2. By contrast, the knockout mutant osspl4 exhibited susceptibility. Moreover, OsSPL4 binds to the promoter of GH3.2, an indole‐3‐acetic acid‐amido synthetase, and promotes its expression. Together, these data indicate that Os‐miR535 targets OsSPL4 and OsSPL4‐GH3.2, which may parallel the OsSPL14‐WRKY45 module in rice blast disease resistance.
Topical Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) administration following corneal diamond burr keratotomy for calcareous corneal degeneration in canines
Authors: Anastassiadis Zoe , Read Robert A. , Bayley Kellam D.
Published: January 2022

Objective

To evaluate the outcomes of canine patients diagnosed with corneal ulceration associated with presumed calcareous corneal degeneration (CCD) that were treated with diamond burr keratotomy (DBK) and ongoing postoperative topical 3% or 4% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).

Procedures

Retrospective assessment of CCD cases treated with ongoing topical EDTA following DBK between 2011 and 2020 at Veterinary Ophthalmic Referrals. Descriptive statistics of the study population were assessed, and a survival analysis was performed using R statistical software.

Results

A total of 51 eyes from 41 dogs were assessed, with small terrier breeds overrepresented (27/41, 65.9%). Median age of dogs at the time of diagnosis was 14.3 years (range 8–17.2 years). Following DBK, the median time to commencement of topical EDTA was 11 days (range 0–28 days). Cases were followed for a median duration of 216 days (range 42–1379 days). Corneal ulceration recurred in 7/51 (13.7%) eyes at a median duration of 80 days (range 63–156 days). The probability of recurrence of corneal ulceration associated with CCD at 12 months was 15.6% (95% CI: 4.1–25.7%). A second DBK procedure followed by ongoing topical EDTA was performed in 4/7 (57.1%) of the recurred eyes. These retreated eyes had no further recurrence recorded and a median follow‐up time of 401 days (range 120–858 days).

Conclusion

Ongoing topical EDTA following DBK is an effective adjunct treatment method for CCD with reduced rates of recurrence of CCD‐associated corneal ulceration when compared to published rates of recurrence when treated with DBK alone.