bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data-Based Assembly Patterns for Overall Equipment Effectiveness at Semi-Automatic Assembly Lines
Authors: Dobra Péter , Jósvai János
Published: July 2022

In industrial practice, production planning is a key factor for manufacturers and suppliers. The entire planning process spans from the appearance of the customer demand to the fulfillment of the demand. Operational execution is based on pre-planned production processes and operations using properly allocated resources. The accurate planning of assembly operations within production is an extremely complex process in terms of efficiency. Predicting stochastically variable efficiencies is difficult due to the ever-changing manufacturing conditions. This paper defines typical assembly process situations for a semi-automatic assembly line and examines their consequence for the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE). Firstly, a literature review demonstrates the scientific relevance. Secondly, the classification of patterns based on assembly process description parameters is described taking into account the positive and negative effects on the OEE. In addition, the assembly patterns and their characteristics are illustrated through a real automotive example.
„Kemur ekki til af góðu“: Ljóðaþáttur með skálduðum textum eftir Steinunni Sigurðardóttur, Önu Mjallhvíti Drekadóttur, Gyrði Elíasson, Þórdísi Helgadóttur og Adam Zagajewski
Authors: Steinþórsdóttir Guðrún , Guðmundsdóttir Sigrún Margrét
Published: July 2022

Ljóðaþátturinn samanstendur af inngangi eftir Guðrúnu Steinþórsdóttur og Sigrúnu Margréti Guðmundsdóttur og skálduðum textum eftir Steinunni Sigurðardóttur, Önu Mjallhvíti Drekadóttur, Gyrði Elíasson, Þórdísi Helgadóttur og Adam Zagajewski.
Wpływ osobistego stosunku seniorów na opinie oraz korzystanie z usług zdrowia cyfrowego w Polsce
Authors: Kozłowska Magdalena
Published: July 2022

Seniorzy są szczególną grupą konsumentów w Polsce, których znaczenie rośnie z każdym rokiem. W szczególności istotny wydaje się tutaj sektor usług medycznych, wśród których wyróżnia się i wzrasta zdrowie cyfrowe. Seniorzy, jako konsumenci, mają zdefiniowane potrzeby, które wynikają z ich specyficznych uwarunkowań psychofizycznych oraz przyzwyczajeń, będących ich drugą naturą. Osobisty stosunek seniorów do zdrowia cyfrowego oraz jego wpływ na opinie oraz korzystanie z takich usług są głównym problemem opracowania oraz jednym z aspektów badań ilościowych przeprowadzonych przez autorkę w lipcu 2021 roku. W publikacji podjęto próbę analizy zależności pomiędzy osobistym stosunkiem seniorów wobec narzędzi i usług zdrowia cyfrowego, a opiniami oraz doświadczeniami. Wyniki badania ilościowego wskazały na szereg zależności oraz potwierdziły istotny wpływ stosunku seniorów na ich aktywność na rynku omawianych usług.
Koszty z perspektywy zrównoważonego rozwoju – przyczynek do dyskusji
Authors: Świderska Gertruda Krystyna , Krysik Małgorzata
Published: July 2022

W ciągu ostatnich 20 lat liczba firm składających raporty społecznej odpowiedzialności (Corporate Social Responsibility – CSR), korzystających ze standardów GRI (Global Reporting Initiative) wzrosła stukrotnie. W tym samym okresie emisja dwutlenku węgla nadal rosła, dewastacja środowiska przyspieszała, powiększały się nierówności społeczne. Okazuje się, że koncentracja na raportowaniu nie wpływa na rzeczywistą potrzebę zmian sposobu myślenia i zachowania kupujących produkty oraz zarządzających przedsiębiorstwami. Należałoby więc oczekiwać ze strony przedsiębiorstw działań ukierunkowanych na projektowanie i wytwarzanie nowych, zrównoważonych produktów.Zrównoważony rozwój wymaga wykorzystania informacji o kosztach produktów jako miary wpływu społecznego i środowiskowego (to, co jest mierzone, podlega zarządzaniu). Brak informacji o kosztach produktu „od kołyski do kołyski” przekłada się na ich ceny, które nie zawierają sygnałów mających wpływ na decyzje odbiorców produktów. Produkt, który ma gorszy wpływ na środowisko, kosztuje mniej niż odpowiednik, który wyrządza mniej szkód. Wyższy koszt planety nie przekłada się na wyższą cenę dla klienta. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie możliwości zastosowania narzędzi rachunkowości zarządczej do wsparcia procesu projektowania i modyfikowania zrównoważonych produktów.
Rachunkowość jako źródło informacji dla raportów GRI
Authors: Raulinajtys-Grzybek Monika , Karwowski Mariusz
Published: July 2022

Zrównoważony rozwój jest coraz częściej uwzględniany w raportach przedsiębiorstw. W ten sposób uzyskuje się transparentność, umożliwiając interesariuszom ocenę takiej działalności oraz problemów z nią związanych. Zawartość raportów zrównoważonego rozwoju, sporządzonych według GRI, wykracza poza informacje tradycyjnie gromadzone i przetwarzane przez system rachunkowości. Celem artykułu jest weryfikacja, jakie źródła danych wykorzystywane są do sporządzenia raportów GRI, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem rachunkowości. Badaniem objęto sześć raportów przygotowanych zgodnie z tymi standardami. Badanie obejmowało krytyczną analizę treści tych raportów. W trakcie badania wyodrębniono dane, dla których rachunkowość jest systemem, gdzie są one gromadzone i dalej przetwarzane, oraz dane, które są gromadzone w innych systemach informacyjnych przedsiębiorstwa, a następnie przetwarzane w systemie rachunkowości. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi jeden z pierwszych pogłębionych przeglądów wykorzystania informacji pochodzących z rachunkowości w raportach zrównoważonego rozwoju. Wyniki można uznać za interesujące dla praktyków i naukowców zajmujących się tego rodzaju raportowaniem.
Partnerstwo biznesowe w nowoczesnej organizacji – ewolucja roli działów finansowych przedsiębiorstw
Authors: Filipkowski Filip
Published: July 2022

Niespotykane dotąd tempo zmian w środowisku gospodarczym postawiło przed organizacjami wielkie wyzwania zarówno biznesowe, jak i organizacyjne. Chcąc zwiększać swoją wartość, przedsiębiorstwa muszą z absolutną precyzją wykorzystywać wszystkie swoje zasoby, by sprostać wymogom rynku i akcjonariuszy. Takim zasobem są także działy finansowe, których metamorfoza na przestrzeni ostatnich 25 lat była wręcz spektakularna. Zmieniające się oczekiwania wewnętrznych i zewnętrznych interesariuszy sprawiły, że w ciągu ćwierćwiecza wielu dyrektorów finansowych przeistoczyło się ze strażników budżetu i procedur w strategicznych partnerów biznesowych, aktywnie uczestniczących w procesach decyzyjnych i otwierających nowe szanse przed organizacją. Jednocześnie struktury działu finansów diametralnie zmieniły się, by uwolnić jak najwięcej czasu na aktywności zwiększające wartość dodaną. Celem artykułu jest wskazanie zmian w organizacji działów finansowych oraz kompetencji gwarantujących powodzenie w nowych realiach. Szczególny nacisk jest położony na koncepcję business partneringu, która stanowi i będzie stanowić kluczowy czynnik sukcesu w świecie finansów przedsiębiorstwa. Autor wskaże również kilka potencjalnych kierunków dalszych zmian, które w najbliższych latach będą wpływać na pracę działów finansowych i determinować pozyskiwanie nowych kompetencji.
Epilogue: On the Topic of Location
Authors: Candea Matei
Published: July 2022

What does it mean to ‘locate’ the study of location in the Mediterranean? Would studying location somewhere other than the Mediterranean make location itself look different? Conversely – this is the same question, inside out – is there something distinctively Mediterranean about the topic of location? This afterword considers the way in which the volume contributes to rethinking not just Mediterranean anthropology but also the broader assumption that anthropology is about studying general topics in particular places.
Spotlights in the Middle of Nowhere: Everyday Marginality and ‘the Border’ on Lampedusa
Authors: Elbek Laust Lund
Published: July 2022

A main entry point for boat migrants, the Italian island of Lampedusa is a strategically important and highly symbolic location on Europe’s Mediterranean border, and, owing to heavy militarisation and political and media attention, the island has acquired a central place in national as well as European political imaginaries. Yet, for the island’s population of 6,000, things look rather different. Rather than a fixation point for political attention, Lampedusa is experienced by its inhabitants as a deeply marginal place with weak ties to the mainland and, by extension, the border, which is described by locals as ‘not our business’. Drawing inspiration from Doreen Massey, the chapter argues that Lampedusa’s simultaneous centrality and marginality should not be understood as a kind of paradox to be ‘solved’ but as the outcome of different, yet overlapping, political histories that go well beyond the island itself. Lampedusa thus testifies to ‘location’ as a potentially multiple concept that never stands on its own but is inherently constituted in relation to other locations across time and space. By approaching the Mediterranean as both a periphery and politically important border zone, the chapter draws together two ethnographically well-known ‘Mediterraneans’ that are typically studied in separate contexts.
Suplementos alimenticios en porcicultura como alternativa a los antibióticos
Authors: Ayala David , Peralvo Vidal Juan , Madril Kevin , Burgos Mayorga Ana
Published: July 2022

Introducción. Durante mucho tiempo, los antibióticos fueron la herramienta principal para mejorar el crecimiento de los cerdos, pero actualmente están en estudio varios suplementos que pueden reemplazarlos para evitar el impacto en salud pública derivado de su uso. Objetivo. El objetivo de la presente revisión es sintetizar una lista descriptiva de los principales suplementos alimenticios empleados en la dieta porcina que permite reducir el uso de antibióticos en las explotaciones comerciales. Metodología. La búsqueda y revisión de documentos se fundamentó en una macro recolección de la literatura científica disponible; para la redacción se esquematizaron los conceptos clave y se excluyeron datos poco relevantes o imprecisos. Resultados. Entre estas alternativas se destacan los fitobióticos, que son compuestos químicos derivados de plantas como el tomillo, el orégano y el ajo. Otro grupo son los probióticos, microorganismos vivos que son administrados en dosis adecuadas para otorgar un beneficio al hospedador mediante la regulación del microbiota y la inmunidad intestinal; principalmente abarcan bacterias y levaduras que hacen sinergia con otro tipo de suplementos, los prebióticos, que son sustratos que proveen energía para los probióticos. Se destacan también algunos ácidos orgánicos y compuestos minerales. Conclusiones. Por diversos mecanismos de acción, todos estos suplementos podrían tener un efecto similar a los antibióticos, al disminuir la colonización de patógenos que merman el desarrollo y aumentar el aprovechamiento del alimento, mejorando aspectos como la reproducción y la salud general. La implementación de los suplementos descritos es relevante, considerando el rol de la producción animal en la generación de resistencias a antibióticos, enmarcado en el concepto de One Health.
Environmental Impact Assessment: Implications of Bridge Construction Venture in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam MS , Sultana S , Sarker R , Kabir MH , Ahammed MS
Published: July 2022

This study was conducted to assess the environmental impacts of the proposed Kashil Bridge over the river Jhinai at Basail upazila of Tangail district in Bangladesh during January to September 2019. The environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a mandatory process to assess the environmental consequences of an existing or proposed project and to delineate any environmental management measures that must be integrated into the plan to ensure that the project is technically, economically, socially and environmentally acceptable. The EIA preparation led to the identification of potential environmental and social impacts due to proposed bridge pre-construction, construction and operation activities on the Jhinai River and feasible remedial measures as included in the Environmental Management Plan (EMP). A field mobilization was conducted in project area to find out the environmental baseline (surface water, groundwater, soil, sediments, air, noise and ecology) information and identification of possible impacts. The focused group discussions (FGDs), questionnaire survey (QS) and key informants interview (KII) were conducted to collect relevant information. Secondary data were collected from Local Government Engineering Department, Upazila Agriculture Office, Upazila Fisheries Office, Department of Environment (DoE) and published relevant articles. Analyzing overall impacts, EIA study found that these possible negative impacts are considerable if some mitigation measures are applied. This new bridge will not only increase the communication facilities but also increase the economic flow together with other facilities. Finally, the EIA study suggested some defined EMP which will help to minimize the probable adverse impacts of the bridge construction site over the Jhinai River.

Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 13(1&2): 13-18, 2020
Monitoring Long-Term Wheat Cultivation and Climatic Drivers for Land Use Change: A Case Study Using Remote Sensing at Thakurgaon Sadar in Bangladesh
Authors: Siddiquee MSH , Miah MG , Abdullah HM , Afroz T
Published: July 2022

The present study uses Remote Sensing techniques to monitor long-term wheat cultivation in Thakurgaon Sadar Upazila. Multi-spectral Landsat images from 1999 to 2019 at five years intervals were collected at the maximum growth stage of wheat. The images were processed by QGIS, ArcGIS, and R software with the random forest supervised classification. The findings revealed that images were classified and separated the crops successfully due to cloud-free images and pure pixels. The results show that the wheat area was decreased from 1999 (16349 ha) to 2019 (9161 ha). It was due to the transformation of the wheat area into other crop areas. The shrinkage rate of wheat areas was much higher (10.93 %) in 1999-09 than in 2009-19. It was due to a sudden decline in blast disease during 2005-09 and increased again. The shrinkage of the wheat area has been driven mainly by climate change influencing profitability. Prolonged hydrological drought introduced maize and potato in the wheat area. The benefit-cost ratio decreased gradually in wheat but increased in maize and potato. The study demonstrates that remote sensing is an effective method for wheat crop area monitoring. This study will help us understand the status of long-term wheat cultivation.

Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 13(1&2): 25-37, 2020
Effect of Light-Emitting Diodes on Different Growth Stages of Rice
Authors: Hoque MN , Islam MZ , Ibna Sina ANM , Singh S , Budha TR
Published: July 2022

Effect of red and blue light on seed germination and seedling growth were studied in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Rice seeds were germinated in dark (control) and two types of light emitting-diodes (LED): red and green in the laboratory. The photoperiod of 6 h light and 18 h dark for LEDs treatment and 24h dark treatments with 24/18 ± 2 °C day/night temperature and 78± 2 % relative humidity were maintained in the growth room. Seed germination percentage under red light increased significantly when compared with the control; however, in blue light, germination percent decreased with little difference. First leaf length, first leaf blade length, root length, seedling fresh and dry weight increased under red and blue lights in most of the varieties. Highest germination (98%), longest root (8.18 cm) and high seedling fresh weight (0.527 g) and seedling dry weight (0.061g) in BRRIdhan71 and longest leaf in BRRIdhan75, were recorded under red light. Highest germination (96%), seedling fresh weight (0.414g) and seedling dry weight (0.047g) in BRRIdhan71, longest first leaf (6.50 cm) in BRRIdhan75 and longest root (9.37 cm) in BRRIdhan87 were recorded under blue light. First leaf blade showed only positive correlation with root length (r = 0.489), whereas seedling fresh weight showed complete correlation with seedling dry weight (r =1). Response index was positive in root length, seedling fresh and dry weight under red light. First leaf blade length, seedling fresh and dry weight had the positive response index under blue light. Within the visible spectrum, varying wave lengths of red and blue light alone altered the growth and morphology of rice seedlings, and variable reactions to illumination depended on the rice varieties, necessitating further research.

Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 13(1&2): 56-62, 2020
Effect of Red, Blue, Green LEDs on the Germination and Seedling Growth of Rice
Authors: Hoque MN , Islam MZ , Rahman M , Biswas B , Mahmud N
Published: July 2022

The present investigations attempted to study the effects of red, blue and green LEDs effect on seed germination, first leaf length, first leaf blade length, root length, seedling fresh and dry weight. Seeds of five rice varieties were germinated and seedlings were grown under dark and red, blue, green LEDs lighting system (6 h photoperiod and 18 h dark) set at 20 to 24± 2 °C for day and night respectively and 70 ± 2 % relative humidity in a control chamber for 14 days (starting 3 days after plated for germination). The result showed that germination percent increased significantly in BRRIdhan52 and BRRIdhan75 under red-blue-green LEDs than dark. First leaf length increased in dark than LEDs treatment. Longest leaf (10.42 cm) was recorded in BRRIdhan86 in dark and under LEDs in BRRIdhan75 (5.70 cm). First leaf blade length was highest in BRRIdhan52 (2.56 cm) under LEDs treatment and in dark BRRIdhan67 had the longest (2.48 cm). Root length was also increased significantly in studied rice varieties. Though, longest root was found in dark in BRRIdhan71 (6.69 cm) and under LEDs, BRRIdhan71 had the longest root (6.35 cm). Seedling fresh and dry weight were highest under red-blue-dark LEDs treatment. BRRIdhan86 had the highest and BRRIdhan67 had the lowest seedling fresh and dry weight with a range of 0.323g to 0.451g and 0.037g to 0.052g respectively than dark condition. Root length showed positive significant correlation with seedling fresh weight (r = 0.876) and seedling dry weight (r = 0.873). Whereas seedling fresh weight showed complete correlation (r = 1) with seedling dry weight. Response index was negative for first leaf length in the studied rice varieties. Highest response index (35.93) was observed for seedling fresh and dry weight in BRRIdhan75 and BRRIdhan86.

Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 13(1&2): 63-69, 2020
Status of the Fishermen Living at the Tangon River Bank- A Case Study from the North-west of Bangladesh
Authors: Fatema K , Nur M
Published: July 2022

This study intended to provide information on the fishermen engaged in fishing in the Tangon River, Thakurgaon. To assess their existing status, some essential socio-economic information e.g. literacy, religion, health hazards, sanitation and medical facilities, family structure, income level, types of fishermen, fishing, and constraints were taken into account. Results indicated that the majority of the fishermen (77%) belonged to the age class >35-50 years and were dominated by Muslims (89%). Three educational categories were recorded where illiteracy was main (52%), 24% had a primary level of education, and 24% could only sign. This survey revealed that the fishermen near Tangon River are leading measurable life due to great financial hardship. Therefore, proper conservation and management measures must be taken to enhance the fisheries biodiversity in the river so that the fishermen can harvest sufficient fish on a sustainable basis. The government, as well as non-government organizations (NGOs), should take appropriate initiatives to enhance their living standard and to improve such techniques/alternatives that can benefit the underprivileged fishermen to hold present fishing profession in the Tangon River.

Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 13(1&2): 70-75, 2020
Assessment of Water Quality Parameters of The Kohelia River at Cox’s Bazar of Bangladesh
Authors: Ahammed MS , Murtuza HI , Rahman AA , Islam MS , Saiem R
Published: July 2022

The study was conducted to explore the physicochemical parameters of surface water from the construction work involving the bridge over the river Kohelia and road along the bank of Kohelia for the construction of access road for Matarbari Coal Fired Power Plant is under construction area of Bangladesh starting from September 2020 to September 2021. The surface water samples were collected from three sampling stations in the Kohelia for the construction of access road for Matarbari. The result of the study showed that pH, Temperature (T), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Turbidity, Electric Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Coliform (TC) and Fecal Coliform (FC) were ranged from 6.6 to 8.2, 24.8 to 31.6ºC, 4.3 to 6.1 mg/L, 4.0 to 15.0 mg/L, 7.4 to 117.0 NTU, 24.3 to 725.0 μS/cm, 200.0 to 2721.0 mg/L, 23.6 to 644.0 N/100 ML and 11.0 to 312.0 N/100 ML respectively. Some parameters showed no significant change with the time period. This might happen due to periodic changes per day or month due to tidal effects as the study area of Kohelia River is very close estuary of the Bay of Bengal. Except pH and Temperature (T), all others physicochemical parameters were across the acceptable range of standard limits. The Comparative study showed Total and Fecal coliform is higher than the Standard might be happen due to piling slurry, concrete debris, wastewater, unhygienic sanitary waste, soil & silt dumping, surface runoff, oil and grease littering, solid waste created by workers, encroachment etc.

Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 13(1&2): 76-81, 2020
Proximate, Phytochemical and Antioxidant Activity of Amla Powder and Amla Candy
Authors: Parvez MS , Jashin N , Yesmin MT , Reza MSA , Akter N
Published: July 2022

Amla is sour and astringent taste fruit, making the fruit less palatable to eat directly as fresh fruit; hence it can be consumed in processed form. Preparing powder and candy from amla fruit can increase its acceptability, the market value of it and be utilized to develop new value-added products. Considering this, the present study was designed to evaluate the nutritional compositions, vitamin C content, beta-carotene content, and antioxidant activity of fresh amla and two amla products such as amla powder and amla candy. Between the two products, amla powder contained a significantly (P < 0.05) high amount of dietary fiber (17.67%), protein (4.98%), and ash (9.82%) contents than fresh amla and amla candy. Between two products, vitamin C (298.3 mg/100gm) and beta-carotene (113.55 mg/100gm) contents were significantly (P < 0.05) high in amla powder. But amla candy showed high antioxidant activity (77.75%) than amla powder (59.2%). Results of this study suggested that amla and amla products are a good source of nutrients like vitamin C and different bioactive components. Amla can be utilized in diets as candy and dehydrated powder or flour which is easily included in food formulations due to its excellent nutritional qualities. Optimization of its use is beneficial in terms of nutritional and economical points of view.

Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 13(1&2): 82-86, 2020
Perception on environmental concern of pesticide use in relation to Framers’ knowledge
Authors: Alam F , Saha NR , Islam MS , Ahmed MS , Haque MS
Published: July 2022

Chemical pesticides are indiscriminately used for pest management and vector control. However, many farming communities are unaware of the dangers associated with the chemicals. This study assessed vegetable farmers' perception of the environmental impact of pesticide use in Bangladesh concerning the farmers’ knowledge and type. The farmers' socioeconomic characteristics and their relationship to some of the study variables, their attitude towards pesticides' environmental consequences, and their level of pesticide related knowledge were investigated. In this study, 882 farmers from nine districts participated through in-depth interviews and observations on-farm. The majority of farmers were males aged between 30 and 40 (32.44% in winter and 32.87% in summer). Moreover, 29.77% of the winter vegetable growers can sign their name only, but for the summer season’s 31.02% were educated up to high school. For the winter season, the highest 74.44% of respondents belonged to focal farmers who believed pesticides could be hazardous to their health. Only 1.68% of control farmers agreed pesticide use could lead to secondary pest resurgence. For the summer season, farmers were most concerned (60.19%) about the health risks to farm-workers, while secondary pest resurgence was the least concerned. In general, the focal farmers had a high level of knowledge and concern about pesticide hazards compared to the proximal and control farmers. Comprehensive intervention measures are required to mitigate pesticide-related health and environmental risks, including pesticide safety training programs for farmers, which could promote sustainable agricultural development while minimizing the environmental and health risks of pesticide misuse.

Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 13(1&2): 94-99, 2020
Efektivitas Pelaporan Pajak Di Indonesia
Authors: Hadistiyah Aulia Al Qori , Putra Rio Johan
Published: July 2022

The current development strategy should be more directed at an independent Indonesian economy. This independence also includes independence in financing development. By doing this research, it is expected to be able to measure a country's success in optimizing tax funds' distribution fairly and equitably and to find out how much influence these variables have on taxpayers' perceptions of the ethics of tax avoidance. The urgency of this study is to examine the effect of tax amnesty, the self-assessment system, and the use of ESPT in tax reporting moderated by tax law enforcement on tax avoidance behavior. The method used is descriptive quantitative, the data analysis technique used in this research is a descriptive statistical test, classical assumption test, multiple regression test, and hypothesis testing. Judging from the statistical results of the T-test, it can be concluded that Tax amnesty and Self Assessment didn’t affect tax avoidance. However, ESPT and Law are proven to have a significant effect on tax avoidance. With the use of ESPT in tax reporting as well as law enforcement actually resulted in the occurrence of tax avoidance. This is indicated by taxpayers feeling they have a choice whether to report their taxes or not. And as for the applicable laws, not all of them are applied and there are gaps in their implementation so as to provide opportunities for taxpayers to carry out tax avoidance.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF (Ba1-хSrx)7Nb4MoO20 POWDERS FOR PROTON-CONDUCTING SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS
Authors: Bezdorozhev Oleksii , Solodkyi Ievgen , Ostroverkh Anna , Morozov Igor , Ostroverkh Yevhenii , Solonin Yuriy
Published: July 2022

This work reports on the preparation and characterization of Sr2+-doped Ba7Nb4MoO20 powders prepared by a solid-state synthesis as promising materials for solid oxide fuel cells. The influence of synthesis parameters and strontium content (x = 0; 0.05; 0.10; 0.15; 0.20) on the phase composition and properties of (Ba1-xSrx)7Nb4MoO20 powders was studied. The results of the phase analysis show that (Ba1-xSrx)7Nb4MoO20 (x = 0; 0.05; 0.10) powders with a minimum amount of secondary phases can be obtained after at least three repeated synthesis cycles at 1060–1080 оС for 10 h. According to the laser diffraction analysis, the synthesized powders comprise particles with a polydisperse size distribution spreading from 0.05 μm to 12 μm and average particle size of 2.1 μm. Electron microscopy observations support these findings and demonstrate that the particles and their aggregates have rounded irregular shape. Moreover, it was found that the morphology and particle size of the powder does not depend on the strontium content. Doping (Ba1-xSrx)7Nb4MoO20 with 15 mol.% and 20 mol.% Sr2+ leads to the formation of a significant amount of secondary phases due to exceeding the solubility limit of strontium, thus making these compositions unsuitable for use in solid oxide fuel cells.
Bringing ‘the whole world on to the British screen’: Back Projection and British Film Studios in the 1930s and 1940s
Authors: Street Sarah
Published: July 2022

Back projection was a technique used particularly in the 1930s and 1940s to create the impression that film stars had been on location when in fact a camera recorded them in a studio acting in front of previously shot location footage projected onto a screen from behind. This article discusses its application in British studios, highlighting the contribution of key technicians to its development and refinement. Key examples are explored to show that a variety of approaches were used in different genres including thrillers, musicals and comedies. The technique’s novelty in films such as Rome Express (1932) and as used by Alfred Hitchcock in Young and Innocent (1937) brings out the multiple uses it could perform, as well as enabling theoretical reflection on reading sequences that deployed back projection. It is argued that back projection was one effect among many that were being developed and that in many cases these were mutually supportive. The article notes the keen contemporary interest in how films were made as studio correspondents recorded interesting cases of back-projected footage. In wartime and in the immediate postwar years the technique helped to cut costs and solve logistical problems while at the same time enabling films to present scenes that would otherwise have been highly difficult and even dangerous. Although travelling matte and other effects and processes subsequently superseded the use of back projection, its legacy remains as an enduring technical and aesthetic element of many classic and lesser-known British films.
35th Anniversary – Cheboksary branch of S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution of the Ministry of Health of Russia
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: July 2022

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Changes in the Axial Length of the Eye and Refraction in Children with Progressive Myopia while Wearing Defocused Contact Lenses
Authors: Novolodsky A. I. , Pecheneva A. V. , Ozornina Ya. V.
Published: July 2022

Progressive myopia remains one of the urgent problems in modern ophthalmology. Optical methods for controlling progressive myopia suggest the formation of peripheral myopic defocus, which has a stabilizing effect on the axial length of the eye and, as a result, the degree of myopia. One option for optical control of myopia is defocus soft contact lenses.

Purpose: to evaluate the growth of axial length and changes in the spherical equivalent of clinical refraction in users of defocus (bifocal) contact lenses and monofocal glasses expressed in diopters, against the background of the correction of progressive myopia with defocus (bifocal) contact lenses and monofocal glasses.

Materials and methods. The study involved 256 patients with bilateral mild to moderate and high myopia in the range from (–)0.5 to (–)  7.75  D in spherical equivalent and an annual progression gradient from 0.65 to 1.5 D in the age categories 7–10, 11–14, 15–18 years old. Depending on the degree of myopia and the method of correction, the patients were divided into main and control groups. For correction in the main groups, defocused (with an addition of +4.0 D) soft contact lenses (SCLs) were used. In the control groups monofocal glasses were used. All patients underwent a standard ophthalmological examination. Clinical refraction data and axial length of the eye were used as criteria for evaluating the results. The follow-up period was 3, 6, 12 months.

Results. After 12 months of wearing bifocal soft contact lenses, there was a statistically significant slowdown in the growth of the axial length and the spherical equivalent of refraction Higher rates of progression of myopia were in young children (7–10 years). Myopia at the age of 15–18 years is characterized by a decrease in the rate of progression with any type of optical correction and in most cases does not require the appointment of correction with the formation of peripheral myopic defocus.

Conclusion. The results obtained indicate the effectiveness of the use of bifocal SCLs in the control of progressive mild, moderate and high myopia. The main stabilization factor is the formation of peripheral myopic defocus on the retina, followed by a slowdown in the growth of the axial length of the eye and the degree of myopia (spherical equivalent of clinical refraction).
Чего мы хотим от производителей очковых линз? Мнение доктора А.И. Деревянченко
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: July 2022

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Новое в законодательстве
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: July 2022

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День зрения – 2022
Authors: Shibalko E.
Published: July 2022

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Strontium Functionalized in Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Prominent Role in Osteoimmunomodulation
Authors: You Jiaqian , Zhang Yidi , Zhou Yanmin
Published: July 2022

With the development of bone tissue engineering bio-scaffold materials by adding metallic ions to improve bone healing have been extensively explored in the past decades. Strontium a non-radioactive element, as an essential osteophilic trace element for the human body, has received widespread attention in the medical field due to its superior biological properties of inhibiting bone resorption and promoting osteogenesis. As the concept of osteoimmunology developed, the design of orthopedic biomaterials has gradually shifted from “immune-friendly” to “immunomodulatory” with the aim of promoting bone healing by modulating the immune microenvironment through implanted biomaterials. The process of bone healing can be regarded as an immune-induced procedure in which immune cells can target the effector cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, osteocytes, and osteoprogenitor cells through paracrine mechanisms, affecting pathological alveolar bone resorption and physiological bone regeneration. As a kind of crucial immune cell, macrophages play a critical role in the early period of wound repair and host defense after biomaterial implantation. Despite Sr-doped biomaterials being increasingly investigated, how extracellular Sr2+ guides the organism toward favorable osteogenesis by modulating macrophages in the bone tissue microenvironment has rarely been studied. This review focuses on recent knowledge that the trace element Sr regulates bone regeneration mechanisms through the regulation of macrophage polarization, which is significant for the future development of Sr-doped bone repair materials. We will also summarize the primary mechanism of Sr2+ in bone, including calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and osteogenesis-related signaling pathways.
Olanzapine Promotes the Occurrence of Metabolic Disorders in Conditional TCF7L2-Knockout Mice
Authors: Yang Ye , Shen Manjun , Li Li , Long Yujun , Wang Lu , Lang Bing , Wu Renrong
Published: July 2022

Objectives: Schizophrenia (SCZ) patients display higher incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and comorbidity of type II diabetes. Both atypical antipsychotics and genetic variants are believed to predispose the patients with the risk, but their interplay remains largely unknown. TCF7L2 is one of the most common genes strongly associated with glucose homeostasis which also participates in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. In this study, we aimed to explore the regulatory roles of TCF7L2 in atypical antipsychotics-induced MetS.

Methods: Mice with pancreatic β-cell–specific Tcf7l2 deletion (CKO) were generated. The CKO mice and control littermates were subjected to olanzapine (4 mg/kg/day) or saline gavage for 6 weeks. Metabolic indices, β cell mass, and the expressing levels of TCF7L2 and GLP-1R in the pancreatic tissue were closely monitored.

Results: Tcf7l2 CKO mice displayed a spectrum of core features of MetS, which included remarkably increased rate of weight gain, higher fasting insulin, higher values of blood lipids (cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein), impaired glucose tolerance, and hypertrophy of adipocytes. Notably, these effects could be further exacerbated by olanzapine. In addition, Tcf7l2 CKO mice with the olanzapine group showed significantly decreased expressions of GLP-1R protein and a trend of reduced pancreatic β-cell mass. RT-qPCR revealed that the CKO mice presented a significantly less transcription of Sp5, an important element of the Wnt signaling pathway.

Conclusion: Our study illustrates that mice with pancreatic β-cell–targeted Tcf7l2 deletion were more vulnerable to suffer metabolic abnormalities after olanzapine administration. This impairment may be mediated by the reduced expression of GLP-1R.
Comparison of Hematological Parameters Between First-Episode Schizophrenia and Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis
Authors: Huang Kai , Tang Yamei , Chen Zhiheng , Ding Shan , Zeng Hongtao , Zhao Yuxu , Yu Qi , Liu Yong
Published: July 2022

Background: First-episode schizophrenia (FES) and anti-NMDAR encephalitis are different disorders with similar psychiatric symptoms, and both diseases are associated with the inflammatory system. In this study, we compared hematological parameters and inflammation ratios in anti-NMDAR encephalitis, FES, and healthy control.

Methods: We enrolled 106 patients (53 FES patients and 53 anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients) and 59 healthy controls. The values of the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte–lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) were used to evaluate inflammation. Other parameters such as the white blood cell (WBC), platelet (PLT), uric acid (UA), total bilirubin (TBIL), total bile acid (TBA), and serum albumin counts were also used to compare inflammation ratios between these two diseases.

Results: SII, NLR, PLR, MLR, and serum albumin levels were statistically significantly different between these three groups (p < 0.05). The values of SII, NLR, PLR, and MLR were significantly higher in the anti-NMDAR encephalitis group than those in the FES group (p < 0.05), and the values in both diseases were more increased than those in HC (p < 0.05). The serum albumin level was significantly lower in anti-NMDAR encephalitis than in FES (p < 0.05). WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts showed significantly higher levels in the anti-NMDAR encephalitis group and FES group separately (p < 0.05). Other parameters like TBA, TBIL, and UA showed no difference between groups.

Conclusion: In summary, this is a relatively new study that is innovative by comparing some inflammation markers of peripheral blood in two diseases with clinically psychotic symptoms. These two diseases are related to the inflammatory system, proving that NMDAR dysfunction is related to psychotic symptoms. Besides, NLR, PLR, MLR, and serum albumin can be used as biomarkers to distinguish the two diseases. The serum albumin level in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis was lower than that in patients with schizophrenia.
Paranodal Axoglial Junctions, an Essential Component in Axonal Homeostasis
Authors: Ishibashi Tomoko , Baba Hiroko
Published: July 2022

In vertebrates, a high density of voltage-gated Na+ channel at nodes of Ranvier and of voltage-gated K+ channel at juxtaparanodes is necessary for rapid propagation of action potential, that is, for saltatory conduction in myelinated axons. Myelin loops attach to the axonal membrane and form paranodal axoglial junctions (PNJs) at paranodes adjacent to nodes of Ranvier. There is growing evidence that the PNJs contribute to axonal homeostasis in addition to their roles as lateral fences that restrict the location of nodal axolemmal proteins for effective saltatory conduction. Perturbations of PNJs, as in specific PNJ protein knockouts as well as in myelin lipid deficient mice, result in internodal axonal alterations, even if their internodal myelin is preserved. Here we review studies showing that PNJs play crucial roles in the myelinated axonal homeostasis. The present evidence points to two functions in particular: 1) PNJs facilitate axonal transport of membranous organelles as well as cytoskeletal proteins; and 2) they regulate the axonal distribution of type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R1) in cerebellar Purkinje axons. Myelinated axonal homeostasis depends among others on the state of PNJs, and consequently, a better understanding of this dependency may contribute to the clarification of CNS disease mechanisms and the development of novel therapies.
Support Pressure Acting on the Epicardial Surface of a Rat Left Ventricle—A Computational Study
Authors: Martonová Denisa , Holz David , Brackenhammer Dorothea , Weyand Michael , Leyendecker Sigrid , Alkassar Muhannad
Published: July 2022

The present computational study investigates the effects of an epicardial support pressure mimicking a heart support system without direct blood contact. We chose restrictive cardiomyopathy as a model for a diseased heart. By changing one parameter representing the amount of fibrosis, this model allows us to investigate the impairment in a diseased left ventricle, both during diastole and systole. The aim of the study is to determine the temporal course and value of the support pressure that leads to a normalization of the cardiac parameters in diseased hearts. These are quantified via the end-diastolic pressure, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and ejection fraction. First, the amount of fibrosis is increased to model diseased hearts at different stages. Second, we determine the difference in the left ventricular pressure between a healthy and diseased heart during a cardiac cycle and apply for the epicardial support as the respective pressure difference. Third, an epicardial support pressure is applied in form of a piecewise constant step function. The support is provided only during diastole, only during systole, or during both phases. Finally, the support pressure is adjusted to reach the corresponding parameters in a healthy rat. Parameter normalization is not possible to achieve with solely diastolic or solely systolic support; for the modeled case with 50% fibrosis, the ejection fraction can be increased by 5% with purely diastolic support and 14% with purely systolic support. However, the ejection fraction reaches the value of the modeled healthy left ventricle (65.6%) using a combination of diastolic and systolic support. The end-diastolic pressure of 13.5 mmHg cannot be decreased with purely systolic support. However, the end-diastolic pressure reaches the value of the modeled healthy left ventricle (7.5 mmHg) with diastolic support as well as with the combination of the diastolic and systolic support. The resulting negative diastolic support pressure is −4.5 mmHg, and the positive systolic support pressure is 90 mmHg. We, thereby, conclude that ventricular support during both diastole and systole is beneficial for normalizing the left ventricular ejection fraction and the end-diastolic pressure, and thus it is a potentially interesting therapy for cardiac insufficiency.
COVID-19 in a Child With Transposition of the Great Arteries S/P Fontan Palliation: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Wen Chen , Shi Guocheng , Liu Wei , Zhang Hao , Lin Gangxi , Chen Huiwen
Published: July 2022

Background

Although adult patients with cardiovascular disease are at higher risk of adverse outcomes such as death or severe infection, limited data exist regarding pediatric patients with congenital heart disease. We would like to report our experience with COVID-19 in a pediatric patient with Fontan circulation. Furthermore, we present a review of patients with Fontan palliation and COVID-19 previously reported in the literature to summarize the clinical characteristics of this population.

Case Presentation

A 9-year-old boy with dextro-transposition of the great arteries, ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, patent foramen ovale, and borderline left ventricle post bidirectional Glenn shunt and Fontan palliation presented with paroxysmal cough in the context of COVID-19. The coagulation profile was beyond the normal limits, and the patient began to receive anticoagulant aspirin. On the 5th day, the patient presented with fever, sore throat, and fatigue. The oxygen saturations dropped to 93%, and he received nasal catheter oxygen inhalation. On the 7th day, computed tomography of the chest revealed little emerging flaky exudation in the posterior basal segment of the left lower lobe. Nasal cannula was removed on the 12th day, and the coagulation profile returned to normal on the 16th day. After two consecutively negative SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA tests (on the 18th and 19th days, interval ≥ 24 h), he was discharged from the hospital on the 21st day. Literature review indicated that COVID-19 with Fontan palliation seemed to be more common in male adults. Disease presentation varied from mild upper respiratory tract infection to severe pneumonia. Complications were not uncommon in this population. The treatments varied depending on the specific factors. Fortunately, most patients reported a favorable prognosis.

Conclusion

Although patients with COVID-19 and Fontan circulation might have the risk of adverse outcomes due to multiple mechanisms, most patients have a favorable prognosis.
Risk Prediction of Rock Bursts and Large Deformations in YL Tunnel of the Chongqing–Kunming High-Speed Railway
Authors: Liu Yuxuan , Zhang Yuqi , Su Peidong , Zhang Guangze , Qiu Peng , Tang Lin
Published: July 2022

The YL Tunnel of the Chongqing–Kunming high-speed railway project, a key project of the whole line, is a typical ultra-long deep tunnel facing geologic problems, such as rock bursts, large deformation, water inrush, and toxic or harmful gas leakage, among which high ground stress results in the most serious damage. This study incorporates existing studies and materials, as well as data on ground stress obtained through tests using the hydrofracturing technique. The areas with rock bursts and large deformations were divided accordingly, and preventive measures were expounded. The results showed that the areas predicted as high risk of severe rock burst were D1K338 + 945–D1K339 + 025 and D1K339 + 075–D1K339 + 220, which is of significance when constructing the whole Chongqing–Kunming high-speed railway and may even be instructive in railway construction in the southwest region of China.