bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environment and psychosocial factors are more important than clinical factors in determining quality of life of HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Desai Kanan T. , Patel Prakash B , Verma Anupam , Bansal RK
Published: March 2020

Assessing quality of life (QOL) outcome helps to show the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the subjective perception of its benefits among patients with HIV. A cross-sectional assessment of QOL, using the World Health Organization WHOQOL-HIV, on 204 HIV patients taking ART in western India showed patients with HIV on ART as having the best QOL score in the spiritual domain and the worst in the environment domain. Patients who are single, highly educated, of higher occupational status, with no HIV-positive children, not undergoing frequent hospital admissions, with access to a counsellor for support, who are not stigmatised or discriminated against due to HIV status, who do not have guilt or suicidal ideas, and who are theist, tend to have a better QOL, irrespective of their clinical condition or ART regimen. Patients’ personal perceptions and feelings, societal support or stigma, and sociodemographic status have a more significant influence on QOL than clinical variables.
Power quality improvement of wind energy conversion system with unified power quality controller: A hybrid control model
Authors: Nagaraju Gowtham , Shankar Shobha
Published: March 2020

The real problems in diminution of power quality (PQ) occur due to the rapid growth of nonlinear load are leading to a sudden decrease of source voltage for a few seconds. All these problems can be compensated by unified power quality controller (UPQC). The proposed research is based on designing a wind energy conversion system (WECS) fed to the dc-link capacitor of UPQC so as to maintain proper voltage across it and operate the UPQC for PQ improvement. The proposed research utilizes two techniques for enhancing the performance of UPQC known as integrated ant lion optimizer (IALO)-adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), called IALO-ANFIS. Here, induction motor is considered as non-linear load. ALO searching behavior is enhanced by crossover and mutation. Initially, the objective function parameters are defined, that is, voltage, real, grid parameters, load parameters, real and reactive power and current. Based on these parameters, the control pulse is produced for series and shunt active power filter (APF). IALO is used to identify the optimal solutions and creates the training dataset. In light of the accomplished dataset, ANFIS predicts the best control signals of UPQC. During load variation conditions, the proposed strategy minimized the power loss and voltage instability issue individually. Subsequently, the power quality of the system is enhanced. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, three different cases are considered. The performance of the proposed technique is validated through MATLAB/Simulink and compared with existing techniques such as genetic algorithm and ALO.
Neuro-controller for antagonistic bi-articular muscle actuation in robotic arms based on terminal attractors
Authors: Garcia-Rodriguez Rodolfo , Parra-Vega Vicente , Ramos-Velasco Luis Enrique , Dominguez-Ramirez Omar Arturo
Published: March 2020

The conventional limitations of the robotic actuation mechanisms have led to many researchers needing to explore novel biomimetic motor mechanisms as the antagonistic human motor system. In this way, it is of interest to understand the inherent adaptive stiffness, or compliance, and modulation, in different alternative actuation architectures such as the antagonistic bi-articular (AbA) system. These novel AbA actuation mechanisms are characterized by resembling the efficient tendon and muscle build-up over our skeletal structure. In this paper, we propose a Cartesian neuro-controller for a robot manipulator actuated by a simplified adaptive viscoelastic linear AbA system. It is shown that the adaptive closed-loop system enforces terminal attractors, induced by a continuous model-free sliding mode control, simultaneously with a learning algorithm to compensate parametric uncertainties of AbA system through a low dimensional neural network. Numerical simulation results exhibit the feasibility of this approach.
Adaptive tracking control for nonlinear time-delay systems with time-varying full state constraints
Authors: Wu Yuxiang , Xu Tian , Mo Hongqiang
Published: March 2020

This paper presents an adaptive tracking control approach for a class of uncertain nonlinear strict-feedback systems subject to time-varying full state constraints and time-delays. To stabilize such systems, an adaptive tracking controller is structured by combining the neural networks and the backstepping technique. To guarantee all states do not violate the time-varying constraint sets, the appropriate time-varying Barrier Lyapunov functions are employed at each stage of the backstepping procedure. By using the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals, the effect of time delay is eliminated. It is proved that the output follows the desired signal well without violating any constraints, and all the signals in the closed-loop system are semiglobal uniformly ultimately bounded by using the Lyapunov analysis. Finally, a comparison study simulation is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Biogeochemistry and the associated redox signature of co-produced water from coalbed methane wells in the Shizhuangnan block in the southern Qinshui Basin, China
Authors: Li Yang , Tang Shuheng , Zhang Songhang , Xi Zhaodong , Wang Pengfei
Published: March 2020

To meet the global energy demands, the exploitation of coalbed methane has received increasing attention. Biogeochemical parameters of co-produced water from coalbed methane wells were performed in the No. 3 coal seam in the Shizhuangnan block of the southern Qinshui Basin (China). These biogeochemical parameters were firstly utilized to assess coal reservoir environments and corresponding coalbed methane production. A high level of Na+ and HCO3– and deuterium drift were found to be accompanied by high gas production rates, but these parameters are unreliable to some extent. Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) isotopes δ13CDIC from water can be used to distinguish the environmental redox conditions. Positive δ13CDIC values within a reasonable range suggest reductive conditions suitable for methanogen metabolism and were accompanied by high gas production rates. SO42–, NO3– and related isotopes affected by various bacteria corresponding to various redox conditions are considered effective parameters to identify redox states and gas production rates. Importantly, the combination of δ13CDIC and SO42– can be used to evaluate gas production rates and predict potentially beneficial areas. The wells with moderate δ13CDIC and negligible SO42– represent appropriate reductive conditions, as observed in most high and intermediate production wells. Furthermore, the wells with highest δ13CDIC and negligible SO42– exhibit low production rates, as the most reductive environments were too strict to extend pressure drop funnels.
Calculation method for the amount of contaminant oil during sequential transportation through product oil pipelines
Authors: Liu Enbin , Li Wensheng , Cai Hongjun , Qiao Weibiao , Azimi Mohammadamin
Published: March 2020

A considerable amount of oil contamination is caused by the presence of the trailing oil. This paper aims to simulate and analyze the influences of trailing oil on the quality of oil products in undulating sections. By studying the formation mechanism of mixed oil at inclining pipeline sections and the influences of velocity and oil batches on incline sections, as well as both ups and downs, the correlation is obtained between replacement time of different batches and velocity at various sections. By applying FLUENT 14.5, the maximum time of volume fraction of contaminant oil from 1% to 99% is simulated at cross-sections among different pipeline sections. Aiming at the relationship between oil product replacement time and change time of mixing section volume fraction and flow velocity, the mixing increment of undulating section relative to straight section is obtained. Combining with the empirical mixing length calculation equation, the equation for calculating mixing length considering terrain undulation is obtained. Combined with the actual operation data of Lan-Chengyu’s product oil pipeline, the error of the new mixed oil length calculation equation and actual oil mixing is 0.7966%. Excessive cutting amount of mixed oil will result in the waste of refined oil, and the less cutting amount will cause pollution of refined oil. The new mixed oil length calculation equation can more accurately guide the oil mixing cutting work at the oil station.
A New Technique Using Braille to Teach Print Reading to Dyslexic Children
Authors: Cronin Bob
Published: March 2020

□ It has been shown that there are definite advantages in using braille as a temporary mode of reading for children with severe reading disabilities. Transference can be seen in a single lesson, and from lesson to lesson. It is the hope that some transference will take place from Homer's experience to other dyslexic children throughout the country.
Blindness: A Field in Need of Compromise
Authors: Rossi Peter
Published: March 2020

A special forum for individuals to respond in detail to material published in the New Outlook for the Blind or elsewhere, to present new ideas, or to raise issues which relate to the specialized field of work with blind and visually handicapped persons. Contributions should be 350-1,000 words in length.
The Closed-Circuit Television Reading System: Fact or Fiasco?
Authors: Friedman Gerald R.
Published: March 2020

After simply describing the basic principles of the CCTV and its uses in low vision rehabilitation, the author provides a general critique of the system as it is currently being marketed. The unsolved problems include poorly designed and awkwardly placed controls, insufficient stability and flatness of the material to be viewed, the requirement for a high degree of manual dexterity, insufficient servicing capability, lack of provision for adequate training of users, residual or latent image, and high cost. It is concluded that the present generation of devices is insufficient for meeting the needs of low vision patients and that those manufacturers who best solve these problems will be the ones who will survive.
Do Blind Children Need Sex Education?
Authors: Foulke Emerson , Uhde Thomas
Published: March 2020

This is a preliminary report of a study to learn the extent and accuracy of blind adolescents’ knowledge about human sexuality and their attitudes about sexual behavior. The interviews with 18 males and three females cover sources of sex education, sex-related words, sources of advice about sexual problems, and idiosyncratic theories about masturbation, sexual inadequacy, and origins. Also described is a recently launched Human Sexuality Opinion Survey (questionnaires have been sent to 2,000 parents, teachers, houseparents, and others involved in the education of blind persons) intended to gather information about attitudes toward sex education programs for blind children in general and about the methods and content of such programs in particular.
A Humanistic and Futuristic Approach to Sex Education for Blind Children
Authors: Torbett David S.
Published: March 2020

Sex education programs for blind children must take into account the sexual negativism of American culture and work to overcome resistance to the use of touch so necessary to learning by blind children. Full access to the sexual culture needs to be made available to blind children through ending the censorship of sex-oriented literature. Both teachers and parents need a great deal of help in overcoming their own insecurities about sexuality so that they can better educate their children in this crucial area.
The Simulation of Age-Related Sensory Losses: A New Approach to the Study of Environmental Barriers
Authors: Pastalan Leon A.
Published: March 2020

Through the use of mechanical appliances to simulate the “normal” sensory losses that often accompany advanced age, the research team repeatedly performed a number of tasks in a dwelling unit, a multi-purpose senior center, and a shopping center, in order to discover and evaluate the nature of environmental barriers faced by the elderly individual. The study revealed specific problems that are encountered when the visual, auditory, olfactory, and tactile senses are impaired. Space organized by these senses functions both as a stimulus and in the orientation of the individual. The simulation model was shown to be valuable as both a research and a training tool.
Some Implications for Supervision of the Para professional in Home Services for the Visually Handicapped
Authors: Hollem Adele P.
Published: March 2020

To provide a complete network of high quality services to the visually handicapped person it is necessary to have interagency cooperation and coordination of efforts, including interagency supervision of personnel. This cooperation should include participation in training programs, supervision of the paraprofessional in individual case situations, and regularly held interagency administrative staff meetings to evaluate services. It is important that all concerned share the same goals for the welfare of the client.
Psychological Considerations of the Child with a Progressive Terminal Condition in a Residential Setting
Authors: Fine M. Ruth
Published: March 2020

Psychosocial aspects of dealing with the child with a progressive terminal disease are discussed, particularly in relation to areas of concern for the psychologist or counselor in a residential program for visually impaired children. Areas of concern include parental and sibling attitudes and ways of coping with the fact that the child is dying, as well as the roles of teachers, houseparents, and other professionals. It is suggested that the psychologist help the family to accept the child's condition without withdrawing emotionally from the child, help the professional staff by acting as coordinator of the treatment team and aiding them in dealing with their own negative feelings toward the child, and act as a “professional friend” to the child, who must have someone with whom to discuss his fears and questions about what is happening to him.
Comprehensive Care Services for the Young Child who is Visually Impaired
Authors: Moor Pauline M.
Published: March 2020

The preschool visually impaired child and his family are in need of a variety of services in areas such as health and medicine, psychological and social services, and education. The purpose of a program of comprehensive care is to ensure the provision of all services that are needed at each stage of a child's development to promote healthy growth and functioning. This can be achieved only through a willingness on the part of all community agencies to work together. A case coordinator from one of the agencies accepts responsibility for making sure that child and family are put in touch with all necessary services and that everyone involved has the same treatment objectives. Part I of this report deals with comprehensive care as a concept and describes a theoretical model program. Part II is concerned with two pilot projects, one in rural New Hampshire and the other in urban Minnesota, that show how existing resources can be used in developing a comprehensive care program. It is hoped that programs of comprehensive care will be used not only with the visually impaired but with other groups as well.
Rural Orientation and Mobility: Problems and Solutions
Authors: Bauserman Charles M.
Published: March 2020

Rural orientation and mobility presents long cane travelers with special problems of orientation and application of long cane techniques to rough rural terrain. Solutions to orientation problems and modifications of basic long cane techniques for rural travel are described in this article. Rural blind Virginians with limited availability of formal orientation and mobility instruction frequently develop innovative methods, devices, and aids for independent travel prior to formal orientation and mobility instruction.
Anxiety in the Teacher-Student Relationship as Applicable to Orientation and Mobility Instruction
Authors: Fluharty William , Mchugh John , Mchugh Marian , Willits Patty , Wood James
Published: March 2020

Anxiety is defined, along with a contrasting definition of fear, and is discussed as a frequent concomitant of an instructional situation. Symptoms and possible causes of anxiety are described, specifically in regard to a teacher-student relationship in orientation and mobility instruction. A number of possible approaches are suggested by which the instructor may reduce or eliminate anxiety in the student, although it is understood that certain teacher-student relationships cause too much anxiety to be tenable.
Community Work Experience as Part of Adjustment Training for Blind Persons
Authors: Leach Robin H.
Published: March 2020

In order to broaden the scope and increase the value of work adjustment training, Gateway Hope Center added on-the-job work experience to its rehabilitation program. This article reports on the success of the program and includes recommendations for implementing a similar program in other areas.
Personal and Professional Reactions to Blindness from Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Giarratana-Oehler Judith
Published: March 2020

The author, a blind psychiatric nurse who offers professional counseling to newly blinded individuals, discusses adjustment to blindness from both professional and personal points of view. She considers the major aspects of adjustment to blindness to be grieving (not only over loss of vision but also, for the diabetic, future complications of the condition and a shortened life expectancy), revaluation (value change, the development of realistic goals), the independence-dependence conflict, stigma (societal prejudice and ascribing to blind persons stereotyped characteristics), communication without visual cues, and identity integration or the state of self-actualization by which the individual learns to live with his disability.
Rehabilitation Teaching: A Field Approach to Assessment of Client Needs
Authors: Mcbride Donald R. , Mcbride Wanda L.
Published: March 2020

This article examines the basic differences between training center and field approaches to rehabilitation teaching of newly blinded adults. Also presented is a guideline which can be used by the field rehabilitation teacher to assess the emotional and rehabilitative needs of his client.
Dog Guide Training for the Mentally Handicapped: An Interagency Approach
Authors: Boe Eric N. , Zubrycki Theodore H.
Published: March 2020

Independence is a goal which all mobility instructors set for their students. In the case of two men who were labeled mentally retarded and institutionalized for 34 years, this goal was achieved through the cooperation of two agencies. This article traces their history, their specific orientation and mobility and dog guide training, the cooperation of the mobility instructor with the dog guide school, and the results.
Pattern Recognition on the Forehead: An Electronic Scan and a Single Glimpse
Authors: Moricca Larry S.
Published: March 2020

Evaluates a new system—Trigemina—that relates visual information to blind persons by tactile stimulation through a matrix of 10 x 10 vibrating rods applied to a postage stamp sized area of skin over the forehead. This “tactile camera” was driven by an electronic point scan which successively energized the stimulating points depicting two-letter words. Presented with only a single scan of each word, two blind adult subjects were able, 94 percent of the time, to recognize each of ten words they had previously been taught to identify by the tactile scan; they recognized each of ten novel words 46 percent of the time. The words were recognized most accurately at a scan speed of 12 elements per second.
Using Group Procedures to Develop Social Negotiation Skills in Blind Young Adults
Authors: Davidson Iain F.W.K. , Mckay Donald K.
Published: March 2020

An analysis of a study that explored the possibility of teaching young blind adults social negotiation skills through group procedures. Although educational and clinical rather than experimental in orientation, the study was conducted systematically and evaluated both formatively and summatively. The authors conclude that the study was largely successful and make recommendations concerning the use of group procedures in similar studies in the future.
Remediation Procedures for Improving Educator Performance
Authors: Bischoff Robert W.
Published: March 2020

The Administration of the Utah School for the Blind is of the opinion that this comprehensive Evaluation, Remediation, and Probation Procedure will be effective in improving educator performance. If it is not successful in improving educator performance, it does establish the documented evidence necessary for termination. It does provide the opportunity and evidence for the administration's, fellow educators’, and the professional association's desire to offer substantial help to an educator who has been evaluated as performing unsatisfactorily.

In most cases where remediation has been used by school districts, educators have improved their performance as a result of the procedure. In some cases where educators have not improved their performance they have recognized that sufficient documented evidence existed for their termination. Most have resigned, but a few have necessitated termination. Where necessary, the Remediation Procedure assisted the termination action in a very supportive manner.

Anyone desiring further information about these procedures please contact the Utah School for the Blind, 742 Harrison Blvd., Ogden, UT 84404.
Training Senior Citizen Centers Staff in Blind Rehabilitation Techniques
Authors: Asch Celine
Published: March 2020

Discusses a project conducted in 1979 in which personnel from Arkansas Enterprises for the Blind trained staff members from community-based programs for the elderly in techniques designed to involve and assist visually impaired senior citizens. Frankly describes flaws in the original project design and the means used to overcome them. Substantiates the need for additional programs for this rapidly growing population.
Microfiche as a Reading Aid for Partially Sighted Students
Authors: Andersson Torsten
Published: March 2020

The National Center for the Education of the Blind has conducted experiments using microfiche as a reading aid for partially sighted students. It was shown that microfiche is a positive complement to other reading aids. The Center's library now has over 150 titles on microfiche, and is seeking to expand the program.
Use of Community Resources in Rehabilitation of Blind Persons
Authors: Bean Amy , Brown William F. , Pearson David
Published: March 2020

In a search for alternative funding sources, as well as opportunities to involve the community voluntarily in the rehabilitation of visually impaired persons, the Rehabilitation Center for the Blind in Daytona Beach turned to the local community college. After eight years of increasing cooperation and program diversification, the experiment continues and has become an integral part of the entire program. Although variations of this model undoubtedly exist in other areas of the nation, it might well serve as an example of the advantages—and risks—of increasing services through the extensive use of a community agency.
A Prevocational Program for Multiply Handicapped Blind Adolescents
Authors: Wencil Lois
Published: March 2020

This article briefly describes a prevocational program for multiply handicapped, blind adolescents. The basic orientation was a practical one. After learning the skills required for independent personal care, the students progressed to home management skills and ultimately to the skills necessary to function effectively as an employee in a sheltered workshop or other work center.
Demand for Orientation and Mobility Specialists in 1980
Authors: Uslan Mark M. , Peck Alec F. , Kirchner Corinne
Published: March 2020

State agencies, private nonprofit agencies, residential schools and public schools were surveyed to determine the demand for orientation and mobility specialists in 1980. When measures of economic demand and perceived need were compared with available data on the supply of these specialists, the results indicated that a light balance exists between supply and demand.
Vacations for Blind People: A Valuable Rehabilitation Tool
Authors: Cook N.J.
Published: March 2020

Drawing on the experience of the Association for the Blind in Victoria, Australia, gives practical advice on how to organize the various details that need attention in order to ensure a successful and happy vacation for elderly blind people. Such vacations are not only enjoyable in themselves, but are also an excellent tool for rehabilitation. Blind people are challenged to practice and learn in new environments their mobility techniques, daily living, and personal care skills. The holiday makers function as a self-help group, while spouses and other sighted guides gain new insights into helping blind people.
Effects of Reduced Visual Acuity on Performance on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
Authors: Kastenbaum Steven M.
Published: March 2020

In administering the complete Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, the psychologist may not be able to determine whether a low score is due to reduced vision or to reduced ability to perform a task. This study, however, revealed that simulation of 20/200 visual acuity results in significantly reduced performance on the scale's Digit Symbol Subtest, Picture Completion Subtest, and Picture Arrangement Subtest.
Assessment and Evaluation of Visually Handicapped Students
Authors: Silberman Rosanne K.
Published: March 2020

The assessment of behavior patterns and levels of functioning of visually handicapped students is essential for establishing effective educational programs. This article discusses the factors in formative assessment, the types of data to be collected, and the most appropriate measurement instruments that are available to evaluate a variety of skills which are necessary for learning.
Toward a Continuum of Services for the Elderly
Authors: Morris Robert
Published: March 2020

Examines the existing system of providing health and social services to America's elderly population and concludes that in the next few decades, much will have to be done to smooth out the continuum of services provided to this ever increasing group. He suggests five alternative approaches to achieve this goal: (1) deprofessionalization of some tasks in human service agencies, (2) alteration of the existing service mechanisms and systems, (3) major reconstruction of the existing system, (4) better preparation for retirement, and (5) improving the linkage between professionals and between agencies.
An Interdisciplinary Approach to Group Therapy
Authors: Bax Dominick D. , Kalil Florence
Published: March 2020

At the Jewish Guild for the Blind in New York City, a social caseworker and a rehabilitation counselor co-led a group of eight visually impaired clients who were in various stages of the rehabilitation process. By combining the disciplines of casework and rehabilitation counseling, these professionals hoped to assist these clients in establishing, or reestablishing, their independence and sense of purpose. These goals were achieved to varying degrees by six of the eight group members.
The Visually Impaired Substance Abuser
Authors: Nelipovich Michael , Parker Randy
Published: March 2020

A special forum for individuals to respond in detail to material published in the Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness or elsewhere, to present new ideas, or to raise issues which relate to the specialized field of work with blind and visually handicapped persons. Contributions should be 350-1000 words in length.
Effects of Training on CCTY Reading Rates of Visually Impaired Students
Authors: Lagrow Steven J.
Published: March 2020

This study investigated the effects of a closed circuit television (CCTV) system on the reading rates of six visually impaired, college-bound students. Two conditions were imposed: (1) the students received no training in its use but were encouraged to practice with the system and (2) they were then exposed to a systematic training procedure. A multiple baseline design across subjects was used. The students exhibited inconsistent directions of change in reading rate when they were introduced to CCTV without training. These differences appeared to be a function of an interaction between reading efficiency (rate and comprehension) and visual acuity. After systematic instruction in the use of CCTV, however, the reading rates of all the students increased, regardless of the direction of change exhibited in the preceding phase.
Notes on Services to Blind Children in Korea
Authors: Wilcox Everett E.
Published: March 2020

A former Peace Corps volunteer in Korea reports his observations of education and services to the blind in South Korea. Assignment to the Chungju School for the Blind provided the opportunity for him to observe traditions in transition and an emerging professionalism that is focusing on the requirements of handicapped persons.
Soviet Tactual Maps: A Review
Authors: Goff James F.
Published: March 2020

A special forum for individuals to respond in detail to material published In the Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness or to raise issues which relate to the specialized field of work with blind and visually handicapped persons. Contributions should be 350-1000 words in length.
Career Club for Blind Job Seekers
Authors: Dickson Mary B. , Macdonell Patricia K.
Published: March 2020

In conjunction with the Career Exploration Program at the Oregon Commission for the Blind, a Career Club has been established. Daily group meetings coupled with daily job search activities make job hunting a job itself and result in faster, more satisfactory placements. Program schedule and materials are described.
Libraries, Blind People, and the IYDP
Authors: Thiele Paul E.
Published: March 2020

Links the roles of libraries and professional library staffs to the newly emerging consciousness of the “library rights” of blind and print-handicapped persons. Focuses on several programs whose effects will continue beyond the International Year of Disabled Persons, and discusses ways in which library professionals could become more aware of and responsive to the needs of print-handicapped people.
The Reality of the Dream: Present Status of a Sample of 98 Totally Blind Adults
Authors: Pfouts Jane H. , Nixon Donna G.
Published: March 2020

This study of 98 totally blind adults analyzes nine characteristics of sample members (i.e., sex, race, age, education, vocational rehabilitation, marital status, onset of blindness, type of school attended, and social network size) to determine their relationship to total family income, employment status, and independence skills. The findings show that for the majority of members in this sample the reality of the dream of full participation in the society falls far short of realization: As in the larger society, it is young, married, well-educated white males who are most successful. An unexpected finding was the extent to which education at a state school for the Blind was associated with adult employment success.
Reading Machines for Blind People
Authors: Fender Derek H.
Published: March 2020

A special forum for individuals to respond in detail to material published in the Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness or to raise issues which relate to the specialized field of work with blind and visually handicapped persons. Contributions should be 550-1000 words in length.
Family Communication Styles and Language Development
Authors: Kekelis Linda S. , Andersen Elaine S.
Published: March 2020

This study examines the effects of visual impairment on parent/child interaction. Six children (aged 1 to 3 years) with varying degrees of vision were video-recorded in naturalistic interactions with their families. Results indicate that caregivers of the blind provide highly directive input, offer relatively few descriptions, and initiate a greater proportion of topics than their children, focusing almost exclusively on child-centered topics. The special needs of blind children (e.g., for locomotor stimulation) as well as the absence of visual cues from and to the child motivate many of these modifications. We propose alternative ways for families to engage in satisfying interactions with their blind children.
Pictorial Foreground/Background Reversal Reduces Tactual Recognition by Blind Subjects
Authors: Kennedy John M. , Domander Ramona
Published: March 2020

In touch as in vision a line depicting a foreground-background relation can appear to reverse, so the foreground and background exchange positions. Such a perceived change diminishes recognition by blind subjects of the physically constant haptic display. Pictorial impressions from a flat haptic display vary in a manner similar to the pictorial impressions of spatial layout from a visual display.
Do-It-Yourself Evaluation of Experimental Research
Authors: Tait Pearl E.
Published: March 2020

This article provides guidelines for readers who, for professional reasons, must read research articles but lack formal training in research and statistics. While discussing the purpose and content of each section of a research article, the author uses actual articles (published in this journal and Education of the Visually Handicapped) to illustrate her points.
Course Content and Assignments of Teacher Preparation Programs in Vision
Authors: Stolarski V.S. , Erwin E J.
Published: March 2020

While the future of many teacher preparation programs in vision remains unclear, the national demand for teachers who are trained in blindness and visual impairment continues to soar. Course syllabi from teacher training programs in vision were collected to ascertain what teacher trainers think is important content for preservice teachers. The findings revealed that course content, assignments, and requirements tended to vary among programs.
Using Short-Term Group Counseling with Visually Impaired Adolescents
Authors: Johnson C.L. , Johnson J.A.
Published: March 2020

This article presents a study of the extent to which group counseling enhanced the self-concept of congenitally visually impaired adolescents. The researchers developed a training method using group procedures to help visually impaired teenagers cultivate a well-rounded self-concept. Group sessions focused on such topics as self-perception, assertiveness, friendship, familial relationships, and independent living skills. Pretreatment posttreatment evaluations revealed that the experimental group members’ self-concept, attitudes toward blindness, and internality improved significantly because of group counseling.
Results of the Intelligence Test for Visually Impaired Children (ITVIC)
Authors: Dekker R. , Drenth P.J.D. , Zaal J.N.
Published: March 2020

This article presents the results of statistical analyses of the scores on subtests of the Intelligence Test for Visually Impaired Children—a new test with nonverbal subtests for children aged 6–15. The analyses were conducted for two vision groups: children with no usable vision and children with usable vision. The classification is based on the results of a short, objective vision test. The results suggest that the battery has differential—factorial and predictive—validity.
Impact of Mothers’ Interactions on the Development of Their Young Visually Impaired Children
Authors: Dote-Kwan J.
Published: March 2020

This article reports on a study of the relationship between mother-child interactions and children's development for 18 children, aged 20–36 months with severe visual impairments and no other known handicapping condition. The study found that mother-responsive behaviors were positively related to the children's development, whereas mother-initiated behaviors were either negatively related or not related.
Housing Design and Persons with Visual Impairment: Report of Focus-Group Discussions
Authors: Long R.G.
Published: March 2020

This article describes the impact of positive and negative housing-design features on the everyday functioning of persons who are blind and visually impaired in their homes based on information obtained in focus-group discussions with consumers, parents, and professionals.
Inclusive Education of Young Children with Deaf-Blindness: A Technical Assistance Model
Authors: Luiselli T. Evans , Luiselli J.K. , DeCaluwe S.M. , Jacobs L.A.
Published: March 2020

Using a technical assistance model, the New England Center Pilot Project provides training and consultation to programs for young children who are deaf-blind in inclusive education settings (preschool, kindergarten, and first grade). This article discusses the model's four major components, salient issues, and recommendations to enhance inclusive education.
Posterior Glottic Stenosis Type I: Clinical Presentation and Postoperative Course
Authors: Vahidi Nima , Wang Lexie , Moore Jaime
Published: March 2020

Posterior glottic stenosis (PGS) is a process that results in partial or total fixation of the vocal folds. Type I PGS (PGS-1) is an uncommon clinical entity that results from an interarytenoid adhesion/scar band that is separate from the posterior interarytenoid mucosa. We present a case series of patients with PGS-1 treated at our institution to contribute to the understanding of this complex clinical entity.
Analysis of the Genetic Characteristics of a Chinese Family With Otosclerosis
Authors: Zhang Yongli , Tang Qi , Xue Ruoyan , Zhu Xiaohui , Yang Hua , Gao Zhiqiang
Published: March 2020

Background:

Otosclerosis is a focal lesion of the inner ear. The role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of otosclerosis has received increasing attention. We analyzed the clinical manifestations, inheritance pattern, and pathogenic genes in a family with otosclerosis.

Methods:

We collected clinical data and generated a family pedigree. High-throughput second-generation sequencing technology was used to identify candidate genes by performing whole-exome sequencing of 7 members of the family, and Sanger sequencing was performed to validate candidate gene mutations in the 7 family members.

Results:

Otosclerosis was characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance in this family. Whole-exome sequencing did not reveal mutation sites in known deafness-related genes. However, a c.2209A > G (p.T737A) mutation was detected in exon 6 of the SP1 gene, which is associated with the COL1A1 gene. This mutation was a pathogenic mutation, and Sanger sequencing confirmed that this mutation cosegregated with the clinical phenotype among the family members.

Conclusions:

The pattern of otosclerosis in this family is consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance, and the SP1 gene, harboring the c.2209A > G (p.T737A) mutation in exon 6, may be the causative gene of otosclerosis in this family.
Watching disability: UK audience perceptions of the Paralympics, equality and social change
Authors: Pullen Emma , Jackson Daniel , Silk Michael
Published: March 2020

Despite the social change ambitions of Paralympic governing bodies and National broadcasters, there is still a shortage of evidence of where public social attitudes stand with respect to disabled bodies, and how these respond to the changing nature of Paralympic broadcasting. Based on a large-scale qualitative audience study across England and Wales, we aim to address this empirical gap. Our findings demonstrate how audiences internalise socially progressive ideas towards disability in line with Channel 4’s broadcasting strategy. These include a greater appreciation of Paralympic sport as an elite sporting event, the ‘normalisation’ of the technologically enhanced disabled body and an awareness of emerging cultural citizenship concerning disability rights-based discourses. Yet, at the same time, we evidence new, potentially damaging stigma hierarchies of disability preference framed by ‘ablenational’ sentiments. Findings are discussed within ongoing debates around mega sporting events, media audiences and disability biopolitics.
The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in human immunodeficiency virus–positive patients: a review of a multicenter database
Authors: Brogan Thomas V , Thiagarajan Ravi R , Lorusso Roberto , McMullan D Michael , Di Nardo Matteo , Ogino Mark T , Dalton Heidi J , Burke Christopher R , Capatos Gerry
Published: March 2020

Aim:

We chose to evaluate the survival of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation among patients with human immunodeficiency virus in a multicenter registry.

Methods:

Retrospective case review of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry respiratory failure of all patients with human immunodeficiency virus supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Results:

A total of 126 patients were included. Survival to discharge was 36%. Eight infants were supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and three (37.5%) survived to discharge. Respiratory extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was the primary indication (78%) with a 39% survival, while cardiac and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation indications accounted for 16% and 6% of patients with survivals of 30% and 12.5%, respectively. These differences did not reach significance. There were no significant differences between survivors and non-survivors in demographic data, but non-survivors had significantly more non–human immunodeficiency virus pre–extracorporeal membrane oxygenation infections than survivors. There were no differences in other pre–extracorporeal membrane oxygenation supportive therapies, mechanical ventilator settings, or arterial blood gas results between survivors and non-survivors. The median duration of mechanical ventilation prior to cannulation was 52 (interquartile range: 13-140) hours, while the median duration of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation exposure was 237 (interquartile range: 125-622) hours. Ventilator settings were significantly lower after 24 hours compared to pre–extracorporeal membrane oxygenation settings. Complications during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation exposure including receipt of renal replacement therapy, inotropic infusions, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation were more common among non-survivors compared to survivors. Central nervous system complications were rare.

Conclusion:

Survival among patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection who receive extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was less than 40%. Infections before extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannulation occurred more often in non-survivors. The receipt of renal replacement therapy, inotropic infusions, or cardiopulmonary resuscitation during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was associated with worse outcome.
How do patients pass through stroke services? Identifying stroke care pathways using national audit data
Authors: Gittins Matthew , Lugo-Palacios David G , Paley Lizz , Bray Benjamin , Bowen Audrey , Vail Andy , Gannon Brenda , Tyson Sarah
Published: March 2020

Objective:

To map and describe how patients pass through stroke services.

Methods:

Data from 94,905 stroke patients (July 2013–July 2015) who were still inpatients 72 hours after hospital admission were extracted from a national stroke register and were used to identify the routes patients took through hospital and community stroke services. We sought to categorize these routes through iterative consultations with clinical experts and to describe patient characteristics, therapy provision, outcomes and costs within each category.

Results:

We identified 874 routes defined by the type of admitting stroke team and subsequent transfer history. We consolidated these into nine distinct routes and further summarized these into three overlapping ‘pathways’ that accounted for 99% of the patients. These were direct discharge (44%), community rehabilitation (47%) and inpatient transfer (19%) with 12% of the patients receiving both inpatient transfer and community rehabilitation. Patients with the mildest and most severe strokes were more likely to follow the direct discharge pathway. Those perceived to need most therapy were more likely to follow the inpatient transfer pathway. Costs were lowest and mortality was highest for patients on the direct discharge pathway. Outcomes were best for patients on the community rehabilitation pathway and costs were highest where patients underwent inpatient transfers.

Conclusion:

Three overarching stroke care pathways were identified which differ according to patient characteristics, therapy needs and outcomes. This pathway mapping provides a benchmark to develop and plan clinical services, and for future research.
The cell-permeable mitochondrial calcium uniporter inhibitor Ru265 preserves cortical neuron respiration after lethal oxygen glucose deprivation and reduces hypoxic/ischemic brain injury
Authors: Novorolsky Robyn J , Nichols Matthew , Kim Jong S , Pavlov Evgeny V , J Woods Joshua , Wilson Justin J , Robertson George S
Published: March 2020

The mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) uniporter (MCU) mediates high-capacity mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake implicated in ischemic/reperfusion cell death. We have recently shown that inducible MCU ablation in Thy1-expressing neurons renders mice resistant to sensorimotor deficits and forebrain neuron loss in a model of hypoxic/ischemic (HI) brain injury. These findings encouraged us to compare the neuroprotective effects of Ru360 and the recently identified cell permeable MCU inhibitor Ru265. Unlike Ru360, Ru265 (2–10 µM) reached intracellular concentrations in cultured cortical neurons that preserved cell viability, blocked the protease activity of Ca2+-dependent calpains and maintained mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis after a lethal period of oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD). Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of adult male C57Bl/6 mice with Ru265 (3 mg/kg) also suppressed HI-induced sensorimotor deficits and brain injury. However, higher doses of Ru265 (10 and 30 mg/kg, i.p.) produced dose-dependent increases in the frequency and duration of seizure-like behaviours. Ru265 is proposed to promote convulsions by reducing Ca2+ buffering and energy production in highly energetic interneurons that suppress brain seizure activity. These findings support the therapeutic potential of MCU inhibition in the treatment of ischemic stroke but also indicate that such clinical translation will require drug delivery strategies which mitigate the pro-convulsant effects of Ru265.