bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategi Riau Televisi (Riau TV) Menghadapi Persaingan dengan TV Nasional untuk Tetap Eksis Sebagai TV Lokal
Authors: Syafri Peramasdino , Pannindriya Sri Tunggul
Published: November 2019

Riau Televisi (Riau TV) is the first local television station in the Riau region located in the city of Pekanbaru. As a local television station in Riau, Riau TV clearly has to compete with national television stations, in fighting for viewers in the Riau region. In order to be able to compete with broadcasts from national television, as local television, Riau TV has a special strategy in broadcasting programs, including for marketing targets. The purpose of this research is to find out the strategy carried out by Riau TV, in facing competition with National TV and maintaining its existence as a local TV in Riau. The theory underlying the research is the theory of Media Ecology by Dimmick and Rothenbuhler. In media ecology theory, Dimmick and Rotherbuhler revealed that media needs life-supporting sources, namely types of content, types of audience. and capital. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods and data collection through interviews with Riau TV directors and management, observation and document collection for research purposes. The paradigm used in this study is constructivism. The main focus in this research is to find out what strategies Riau TV has taken to be able to compete with national TV in maintaining its existence. The results of this study concluded, to be able to compete with National TV, Riau TV has a strategy, among others; (1) Strategies for local content TV programs to capture the local audience market, (2) Strategies to expand cooperation networks with local governments, (3) Strategies utilizing internet technology and (4) Strategies to hold off air activities and special moments
Experimentally induced awe does not affect implicit and explicit time perception
Authors: van Elk Michiel , Rotteveel Mark
Published: November 2019

The effects of emotion on time perception are elusive: depending on the intensity, valence and arousal of the situation, implicit and explicit time perception seems to slow down or speed up. Awe is a strong and powerful positive emotion that is typically elicited in response to vast stimuli and therefore inducing awe may be optimally suited for studying the relationship between emotion and time perception. In two studies we investigated whether the experience of awe would result in an expanded perception of time. Participants watched awe-eliciting, positive and neutral videos and simultaneously conducted a temporal bisection task, in which they classified vibrotactile stimuli as short or long. As expected awe videos elicited stronger feelings of awe than positive and control videos, while they were matched with positive videos in terms of subjective valence and arousal. However across both studies we did not find consistent effects of awe on implicit and retrospective time perception. Only in the first study, stronger subjective feelings of awe were associated with an increased dilation of time perception. The current findings indicate that lab-induced awe does not affect implicit and explicit time perception and we suggest that more ecologically valid ways to induce awe may be required in future studies.
The Impact of Turbulent Solar Wind Fluctuations on Solar Orbiter Plasma Proton Measurements
Authors: Nicolaou G. , Verscharen D. , Wicks R. T. , Owen C. J.
Published: November 2019

Solar Orbiter will observe the Sun and the inner heliosphere to study the connections between solar activity, coronal structure, and the origin of the solar wind. The plasma instruments on board Solar Orbiter will determine the three-dimensional velocity distribution functions of the plasma ions and electrons with high time resolution. The analysis of these distributions will determine the plasma bulk parameters, such as density, velocity, and temperature. This paper examines the effects of short-timescale plasma variations on particle measurements and the estimated bulk parameters of the plasma. For the purpose of this study, we simulate the expected observations of solar wind protons, taking into account the performance of the Proton-Alpha Sensor (PAS) on board Solar Orbiter. We particularly examine the effects of Alfvénic and slow-mode-like fluctuations, commonly observed in the solar wind on timescales of milliseconds to hours, on the observations. We do this by constructing distribution functions from modeled observations and calculate their statistical moments in order to derive plasma bulk parameters. The comparison between the derived parameters with the known input allows us to estimate the expected accuracy of Solar Orbiter proton measurements in the solar wind under typical conditions. We find that the plasma fluctuations due to these turbulence effects have only minor effects on future SWA-PAS observations.
The Seoul National University AGN Monitoring Project. II. BLR Size and Black Hole Mass of Two AGNs
Authors: Rakshit Suvendu , Woo Jong-Hak , Gallo Elena , Hodges-Kluck Edmund , Shin Jaejin , Jeon Yiseul , Bae Hyun-Jin , Baldassare Vivienne , Cho Hojin , Cho Wanjin , Foord Adi , Kang Daeun , Kang Wonseok , Karouzos Marios , Kim Minjin , Kim Taewoo , Le Huynh Anh N. , Park Daeseong , Park Songyoun , Son Donghoon , Sung Hyun-il , Bennert Vardha N. , Malkan Matthew A.
Published: November 2019

Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) show a correlation between the size of the broad line region and the monochromatic continuum luminosity at 5100 Å, allowing black hole mass estimation based on single-epoch spectra. However, the validity of the correlation is yet to be clearly tested for high-luminosity AGNs. We present the first reverberation mapping results of the Seoul National University AGN Monitoring Project (SAMP), which is designed to focus on luminous AGNs for probing the high end of the size–luminosity relation. We report time lag measurements of two AGNs, namely, 2MASS J10261389+5237510 and SDSS J161911.24+501109.2, using the light curves obtained over an ∼1000 days period with an average cadence of 10 and 20 days, respectively, for photometry and spectroscopy monitoring. Based on a cross-correlation analysis and Hβ line width measurements, we determine the Hβ lag as

41.8

−
6.0

+
4.9

and

52.6

−
14.7

+
17.6

days in the observed frame, and black hole mass as

3.65

−
0.57

+
0.49

×

10

7

M

⊙

and

23.02

−
6.56

+
7.81

×

10

7

M

⊙

, respectively, for 2MASS J1026 and SDSS J1619.
Search for Surviving Companions of Progenitors of Young LMC SN Ia Remnants
Authors: Li 李 Chuan-Jui 傳睿 , Kerzendorf Wolfgang E. , Chu 朱 You-Hua 有花 , Chen 陳 Ting-Wan 婷琬 , Do Tuan , Gruendl Robert A. , Holmes Abigail , Ishioka Ryoko , Leibundgut Bruno , Pan 潘 Kuo-Chuan 國全 , Ricker Paul M. , Weisz Daniel
Published: November 2019

We have used two methods to search for surviving companions of Type Ia supernova progenitors in three Balmer-dominated supernova remnants in the Large Magellanic Cloud: 0519–69.0, 0505–67.9 (DEM L71), and 0548–70.4. In the first method, we use the Hubble Space Telescope photometric measurements of stars to construct color–magnitude diagrams (CMDs) and compare positions of stars in the CMDs with those expected from theoretical post-impact evolution of surviving main-sequence or helium star companions. No obvious candidates of surviving companions are identified in this photometric search. Future models for surviving red giant companions or with different explosion mechanisms are needed for thorough comparisons with these observations in order to make more definitive conclusions. In the second method, we use Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer observations of 0519–69.0 and DEM L71 to carry out spectroscopic analyses of stars in order to use large peculiar radial velocities as diagnostics of surviving companions. We find a star in 0519–69.0 and a star in DEM L71 moving at radial velocities of 182 ± 0 km s−1 and 213 ± 0 km s−1, respectively, more than 2.5σ from the mean radial velocity of the underlying stellar population, 264 and 270 km s−1, respectively. These stars need higher-quality spectra to investigate their abundances and rotation velocities to determine whether they are indeed surviving companions of the supernova progenitors.
Implications from Simulated Strong Gravitational Lensing Systems: Constraining Cosmological Parameters Using Gaussian Processes
Authors: Liu Tonghua , Cao Shuo , Zhang Jia , Geng Shuaibo , Liu Yuting , Ji Xuan , Zhu Zong-Hong
Published: November 2019

Strong gravitational lensing systems (SGL) encode cosmology information in source/lens distance ratios as

, which can be used to precisely constrain cosmological parameters. In this paper, based on future measurements of 390 strong-lensing systems from the forthcoming Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) survey, we have successfully reconstructed the distance ratio

(with the source redshift z

s
 ∼ 4.0) directly from the data without assuming any parametric form. A recently developed method based on a model-independent reconstruction approach, Gaussian Processes, is used in our study of these strong-lensing systems. Our results show that independent measurement of the matter density parameter (Ω
m
) can be expected from such strong-lensing statistics. More specifically, one can expect Ω
m
to be estimated at the precision of ΔΩ
m
 ∼ 0.015 in the concordance ΛCDM model, which provides comparable constraints on Ω
m
with Planck 2015 results. In the framework of modified gravity theory (Dvali–Gabadadze–Porrati), 390 detectable galactic lenses from the future LSST survey can lead to stringent fits of ΔΩ
m
 ∼ 0.030. Finally, we have discussed three possible sources of systematic errors (sample incompleteness, the determination of length of lens redshift bin, and the choice of lens redshift shells), and quantified their effects on the final cosmological constraints. Our results strongly indicate that future strong-lensing surveys, with the accumulation of a larger and more accurate sample of detectable galactic lenses, will considerably benefit from the methodology described in this analysis.
Erythema Elevatum Diutinum - Two Case Reports, Two Different Clinical Presentations, and a Short Literature Review
Authors: Wollina Uwe , Krönert Claudia , Koch André , Schönlebe Jacqueline , Vojvodic Aleksandra , Lotti Torello
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND: Erythema elevatum diutinum (EED) belongs to the spectrum of cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitides. EED is a very rare dermatosis presenting with reddish to browning papules and plaques. EED may be associated with infections, hematologic and autoimmune disorders.
CASE REPORTS: We present two patients with EED, a 50-year-old woman and a 42-year-old man. While the woman shows an association with colitis ulcerosa, the man had an anti-thrombin deficiency. Treatment was started with oral corticosteroid and dapsone, respectively. In both cases, there was a partial and temporary response.
CONCLUSIONS: EED is a rare vasculitis with an unusual clinical presentation and a chronic course. Response to treatment is unsatisfactory and in the long-term run sometimes frustrating.
Um estudo sobre coletivos feministas: jovens secundaristas e universitária
Authors: Martins Mirian Teresa de Sá Leitão , Da Silva Thaiana Rodrigues
Published: November 2019

O presente trabalho trata de vivências de grupos de jovens mulheres, que após 2015 iniciaram em espaços educacionais reivindicações pelo fim da violência e desigualdade de gênero, baseadas na crítica feminista. Para tal, buscamos descrever dois grupos que tinham como pautas centrais: o fim do assédio e abusos sexuais, bem como as propostas de relações mais igualitárias. O estudo versa sobre dois diferentes grupos, que são: de estudantes secundaristas no Brasil e de universitárias no Chile. Nos quais observamos que os espaços de ensino conjugados às redes sociais, formam um local de luta das mulheres por equidade de gênero. Trata-se de um estudo que utilizou a metodologia do tipo bibliográfico. A análise do objeto foi desenvolvida fundamentada nas perspectivas teóricas de Foucault, Scott, Butler e Bourdieu. Concluímos que a luta por mudanças das relações de poder desiguais, busca modificar as assimetrias de gênero que regulam e normatizam corpos, desejos e sexualidade, e denuncia assédios e a violência sexual contra as mulheres.
Sangue, suor e empoderamento: intervenções psicossociais com jovens estudantes numa cidade do extremo sul baiano
Authors: Bacellar Gonzaga Paula Rita , Possari Paola Damascena , Silva Leticia Ferreira da , Pereira Juscimara Cavalho
Published: November 2019

O presente artigo discorre sobre a experiência Projeto de Extensão: “Sangue, Suor e Empoderamento: oficinas sobre saúde e auto- conhecimento corporal para adolescentes e mulheres estudantes da rede pública de Teixeira de Freitas – BA” submetido ao edital 14/2018 da Pró-Reitoria de Sustentabilidade e Integração Social (PROSIS) da Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia. A proposta parte da concepção de saúde ampliada para pensar como a estigmatização da menstruação, a redução da sexualidade feminina a reprodução e a imposição dos padrões de beleza têm reverberado em impactos danosos à saúde de adolescentes e mulheres numa cidade do extremo sul baiano. A partir de aportes teóricos da psicologia social, das teorias descoloniais e das produções de intelectuais do feminismo negro avançamos numa proposta de intervenções psicossociais junto a estudantes da rede estadual de ensino, objetivando diluir as distâncias entre universidade e ensino escolar, produzir ressignificações sobre tabus menstruais, métodos contraceptivos, prevenção a infecções sexualmente transmissíveis e auto estima, além de incentivar que estas se apropriem do espaço universitário. Essa proposta é de alta relevância social, pois considera fatores pouco abordados na academia e que implicam diretamente na saúde das mulheres brasileiras, como o medo e os constrangimentos que são associados à menstruação, a redução da sexualidade e a negação da possibilidade de vivência sexual não reprodutiva e ainda os impactos de viver numa sociedade altamente modelar que normatiza padrões estéticos desconsiderando a variedade de corpos, cores e aparências que são características do nosso país.
As mulheres nas escolas de engenharia brasileiras: história, educação e futuro
Authors: Giovana Cabral Carla
Published: November 2019

Historicamente, as mulheres foram afastadas do círculo criativo e líder da produção científica e tecnológica. Isso limitou sua atuação fora da esfera privada da casa e foi, séculos após séculos, evidenciado pela sua ausência e condução em carreiras como física, química, biologia, matemática e engenharia. O acesso das mulheres à leitura e à escrita, algo que começou em meados do século XVII, foi mudando seu lugar nas sociedades e, por conseqüência, sua participação em carreiras científicas e tecnológicas. Hoje, não há restrições aparentes para o seu acesso aos sistemas educacionais, mas ergue-se urna série de outras barreiras que restringem que participe mais da produção do conhecimento cientifico e tecnológico, hierárquica e territorialmente, num universo ainda predominantemente masculino de pesquisa e ensino. Embora tenha crescido o número de mulheres nos cursos de engenharia nos últimos anos, a média de professoras e pesquisadoras, em áreas como engenharia e ciência da computação, segundo o último censo do CNPq, é de 25%. Trabalhos realizados na Escola Politécnica da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, na Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo e no Centro Tecnológico da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, por exemplo, pesquisam a presença feminina na engenharia nos séculos XX e XXI, recuperam a história das pioneiras e investigam questões sóciohistóricas e epistemológicas. Corno uma maior participação das mulheres na engenharia poderia contribuir para a construção de uma tecnologia mais voltada ao bem-estar das pessoas e uma educação tecnológica crítica que melhor prepare os engenheiros para os desafios contemporâneos?
Gender perspectives on information and communication mediated by computers: Faróis do Saber de Curitiba
Authors: Tavares da Costa Rocha Cristina
Published: November 2019

Este é um estudo sobre a primeira rede de Internet pública no Brasil, implantada e implementada na cidade de Curitiba-PR, no Sul do País. A rede é caracterizada pela introdução de Sistemas de Informação e de Comunicação (SIC) em alguns Faróis do Saber (FS), pequenas bibliotecas públicas construídas no centro e na periferia da cidade, um processo que resultou em mudanças estruturais e sócio-culturais nesses locais. As práticas adotadas pelos usuários do SIC, a partir da perspectiva da comunicação mediada por computadores (CMC) e gênero, são ressaltadas aqui. Como mulheres e homens ocupam esses novos espaços de sociabilidade gerados pela CMC em suas duas extremidades: uma, como usuários dos sistemas; e a outra, como aqueles/as que produzem CD-ROMS, websites e páginas da Internet, conectando pessoas e instituições nessas redes de trabalho e lazer? São feitas considerações e reflexões sobre abordagens referentes a relações de gênero não apenas quanto às dificuldades técnicas quando se usam artefatos e/ou periféricos computacionais , mas também quanto a relações de poder e aprendizado nesses contextos. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida baseada em abordagem das comunidades de prática, focando na teoria social do aprendizado, a qual se estabelece através da vida social da informação e da comunicação. Adota-se a metodologia qualitativa de cunho interpretativista, com opção por estudo de caso. Os principais resultados demonstram que esses contextos são espaços autênticos de aprendizado, independentemente de gênero, e são importantes iniciativas em direção ao estreitamento do abismo entre a inclusão digital-social e a exclusão, no paradigma da tecnologia computacional, que caracteriza a sociedade em rede na atual Era da Informação.
Evolución de la excelencia universitaria demostrada por las mujeres españolas en el período 1985-2003
Authors: Lameiras Fernández Maria , Victoria Carrera Fernández Maria , Maria Núñez Mangana Ana , Rodríguez Castro Yolanda
Published: November 2019

Se analiza la excelencia demostrada por las mujeres universitarias españolas, identificada a través del nº de premios nacionales fin de carrera obtenidos entre 1985-86 y 2002-03; compararlo con su presencia en las diferentes áreas de conocimiento, identificada a través de la matrícula, y comprobar su evolución. La población muestral está formada por 3.092 alumnos/as. Se realizó una búsqueda documental de las concesiones publicadas en los Boletines Oficiales del Estado (B.O.E.). Concluimos que: El porcentaje de mujeres que obtiene premios supera al de hombres en las áreas de conocimiento de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas, y en Ciencias Experimentales y de la Salud; es significativamente menor en Enseñanzas Técnicas y tendente a la simetría en Humanidades; hay una tendencia ascendente de las mujeres en la consecución de mayor excelencia; obteniendo niveles desproporcionalmente bajos de excelencia en Humanidades frente a niveles más proporcionales en Enseñanzas Técnicas.
As profissionais da educação e a eqüidade de gênero nas comunidades locais
Authors: Gomes de Carvalho Marilia , Covolan Nadia
Published: November 2019

Este artigo trata de um programa de extensão universitária (que teve também um interesse de pesquisa) e foi desenvolvido por pesquisadoras e pesquisadores do GeTec – Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre Relações de Gênero e Tecnologia, da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná- Brasil e o REGEDI - Grupo de Estudos sobre as Relações de Gênero e Diversidade da Universidade Federal do Paraná -campus Litoral - Brasil. Traz os resultados deste projeto, cujo objetivo foi sensibilizar as/os profissionais da educação sobre a eqüidade de gênero, a diversidade sexual e a homofobia em uma pequena comunidade do litoral do Paraná (Matinhos). As atividades foram estruturadas pelos seguintes temas: os conceitos de gênero e sexualidade; gênero e diversidade sexual no ambiente escolar, gênero, diversidade sexual, ciência e tecnologia e; gênero, diversidade sexual e mídia. As participantes do curso ministrado foram majoritariamente mulheres que trabalham em escolas deste pequeno município. As atividades foram pautadas pelo método participativo de maneira tal que as/os pesquisadoras/es trocavam conhecimentos sobre os temas planejados para o curso, com as participantes, para que estas últimas se transformassem em multiplicadoras das concepções de gênero mais igualitárias em suas comunidades locais. O método participativo permitiu a produção conjunta de conhecimentos sobre os problemas que as profissionais da educação encontram em sua prática escolar, como conseqüência de preconceitos e discriminações de gênero. Os resultados revelaram que: 1- as mulheres desta comunidade local reproduziam padrões de gênero dicotômicos e conservadores; 2- nunca haviam tido nenhuma informação sobre a construção social de gênero, nem sobre as desigualdades que são construídas entre homens e mulheres no âmbito do trabalho, mídia, ciência e tecnologia; 3. as mulheres participantes representam um importante instrumento de desenvolvimento local e de transformação das relações de gênero através de sua atuação na família e na escola.
Vitimologia e gênero no processo penal brasileiro
Authors: Tomaz de Souza Luanna
Published: November 2019

Durante muito tempo a vítima foi ignorada no processo penal. A vitimologia surge inicialmente sob um ponto de vista positivista, mais preocupado em evidenciar a contribuição da vítima para o cometimento do crime, sendo que nas últimas décadas tomam nova direção destacando a expropriação do con ito, preocupando-se com a efetivação dos direitos e garantias da vítima. O movimento feminista, ao destacar a forma com que o Direito contribui para as desigualdades de gênero, determinando compreensões de “homem” e “mulher”, e criticar a forma com que a mulher é tratada pelo sistema penal, amplia as re exões acerca das dinâmicas processuais existentes. Conclui pela necessidade de se romper com a estrutura processual de expropriação do con ito, com a devida participação do afetados no processo de construção e reconstrução comunicativa de seus direitos. Isso garante que a decisão será construída pelo discurso argumentativo empreendido pelas partes e não pela atuação isolada do juiz.
A perspectiva de gênero na construção da sustentabilidade
Authors: Beraldo Lagos Marcia , Silvano Lagos Frank , Aparecida Mello Nilvânia , Maria Pagliosa Corona Hieda
Published: November 2019

Entre os diversos temas ligados ao desenvolvimento sustentável, no contexto atual, o papel da mulher para a sustentabilidade vem ganhando espaço nas discussões, de tal forma que na Rio +20 organizou-se um evento paralelo chamado ONU Mulheres. A associação entre mulher e meio ambiente iniciouse com a criação do conceito de ecodesenvolvimento, que procura expor uma concepção de desenvolvimento adaptado às áreas rurais dos países subdesenvolvidos e uma utilização criteriosa dos recursos, objetivando a diminuição dos impactos ambientais. As mulheres deram contribuições históricas para a construção da sustentabilidade, dentre estas contribuições podemos citar Rachel Carson, Gro Brundtland, Wangari Maathai, Hazel Henderson, Vandana Shiva e Marina Silva. O ecofeminismo pode ser de nido como uma escola de pensamento que tem orientado movimentos ambientalistas e feministas, em várias partes do mundo, procurando fazer uma interconexão entre a dominação da natureza e a dominação das mulheres. As políticas públicas, na maioria das vezes, não consideram a existência das desigualdades sociais entre o masculino e o feminino, penalizando as mulheres, que cam à margem do processo. A busca da sustentabilidade requer a construção de novas formas de organização e de convívio, fundamentadas no equilíbrio, harmonia e reciprocidade entre os seres humanos independente do gênero e deles com as demais espécies da natureza.
Analysis of the Damage of Cyclists in Electric Bicycle - Sedan Angle Collision
Authors: Yuan Min , Hou Linpeng , Jing Hui
Published: November 2019

In order to study the vulnerable factors of the traffic accidents—the cyclist's injury factor at the moment of the accident—the computer simulation analysis method is used to restore the information collected by a real accident combined with the scene. From the established multi-rigid kinematics model, the corresponding injury situation of a body structure of a traffic accident rider is obtained, which involves the collision speed, the collision angle, the acceleration of each part of the human body and the force. The data is compared with ECE R44, FMVSS 213 and Euro NCAP 2009 regulations to analyze and restore various factors of bicycle injury in the collision. The results show that when the car and the non-motor vehicle have a low-angle collision, the cyclist's injury is mainly caused by the collision with the ground after the parabola movement, and the damage position of the human body depends on the order of contact with the ground.
Patient Oriented Readability Assessment for Heart Disease Healthcare Documents
Authors: Hsu Hui-Huang , Chen Yu-Sheng , Lin Chuan-Jie , Pai Tun-Wen
Published: November 2019

Personal health literacy is an important indicator for a national health status. Providing citizens with sufficient medical knowledge can help them understand their own health conditions. To achieve this goal, an integrated system is developed for evaluating the readability of healthcare documents by taking heart disease as a specific topic. The mechanism can be extended to other target diseases and languages by changing the corresponding word databank. The assessment system for examining document readability is based on patient-oriented aspects rather than professional aspects. Commonly used terms and professional medical terms extracted from a query document were utilized as fundamental elements for readability analysis, and the derived features included term frequency of professional medical terms, proportion of professional medical terms, and diversity indicator of medical terms. A five-fold cross validation is applied to measure the robustness of the proposed approach. The experimental results achieved a recall rate of 0.93, a precision rate of 0.97, and an accuracy rate of 0.95.
Development of a Non-Linear Integrated Drought Index (NDI) for Managing Drought and Water Resources Forecasting in the Upper Tana River Basin-Kenya
Authors: Wambua Raphael Muli
Published: November 2019

This article uses the non-linear integrated drought index (NDI) for managing drought and water resources forecasting in a tropical river basin. The NDI was formulated using principal component analysis (PCA). The NDI used hydro-meteorological data and forecasted using recursive multi-step neural networks. In this article, drought forecasting and projection is adopted for planning ahead for mitigation and for the adaptation of adverse effects of droughts and food insecurity in the river basin. Results that forecasting ability of NDI model using ANNs decreased with increase in lead time. The formulated NDI as a tool for projecting into the future.
The Role of Online Trust in Forming Online Shopping Intentions
Authors: Alharthey Bandar
Published: November 2019

The main focus of this study is to investigate the impact of online shopping trust towards online shopping intentions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, while the online shopping experience of consumers will be assessed for moderation between attitudes and intentions. The nature of the study is quantitative and a correlational design has been selected for the study. Primary data is collected from a sample of 452 people having online experience in major cities of Saudi Arabia including Jubail, Riyadh, and Jeddah. SPSS and Smart PLS are used to run different statistical techniques to test the proposed model. The results of the study show that online trust positively impacts online shopping attitudes which in turn positively affect intentions, also online shopping experience of consumers has a positive impact as a moderator between online shopping attitude and online shopping intention.
Culturally Agile Leadership
Authors: Cleveland Marisa , Cleveland Simon
Published: November 2019

Leadership development programs exist to contribute to an individual's and an organization's success; however, there is a lack of studies that examine how such programs contribute to the development of cultural agility in leaders. Culturally agile leaders are more inclusive in their hiring practices and more open to encouraging more diversity within their own leadership network. Such leaders value collaboration and understand how culturally grounded traditions and preferences effect transactions. This concept article addresses the roles of positionality and cultural agility, leadership development programs, and capacity and responsibility in building culturally agile leaders. It examines the ways a leader's positionality and level of cultural agility informs and limits their ability to make an impact on their organization. The article also proposes how leaders have the capacity and the responsibility to develop other leaders through a relational leadership approach to promote inclusion and diversity.
Visitor Design Pattern Using Reflection Mechanism
Authors: Hussein Bilal , Mehanna Aref , Rabih Yahia
Published: November 2019

Design patterns of today play a fundamental role in software development and implementation and provide a wide range of design solutions for recurring problems. Most research in this area focus on the creation and update of design patterns in order to fill all the gaps produced by their original structures. The purpose of this article is to present the visitor design pattern, to show its advantages in the software development process, and to provide it in a new version that allows the software to be easily upgraded without making complex modifications. This contribution consists in updating the structure and implementation of the Visitor design pattern using the reflection mechanism.
Pre-Service Teachers' and Instructors' Reflections on Virtually Afforded Feedback During a Distant Teaching Practicum Experience
Authors: Hadjistassou Stella , Avgousti Maria Iosifina , Allen Christopher
Published: November 2019

The focus of this paper is placed on the reflective process of inquiry of pre-service teachers and their instructor in Sweden during geographically distant placement in Tanzania and Kenya. A detailed examination of instructor's reflection on the provision of virtually-afforded feedback and pre-service teachers' reflections on their teaching feedback, the technologically-afforded recording media, and the teaching inquiry and knowledge generation is conducted. The data are explored qualitatively through the analysis of focus group interviews and an online questionnaire. A new insight is provided that extend beyond placement schools and raises the need for further longitudinal studies in Action Research with alternative technological media.
Common infections in heart transplant patients
Authors: Vaska PL
Published: November 2019

Infection is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality following cardiac transplantation because of the strict immunosuppressive regimens patients follow. In the immediate postoperative phase, patients are more susceptible to infection because of interruption of their external barriers to infection. Cardiac transplant recipients are most likely to succumb to infections caused by cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and bacterial organisms, especially staphylococcus. Fungal, protozoal and herpes simplex infections are also frequently troublesome to the transplant recipient. Critical care clinicians can control the incidence of infection in the cardiac transplant population by initiating measures to maintain external barriers, monitoring the patient for early signs of infection, and instituting appropriate isolation techniques.
The effect of positioning on hemodynamics and gas exchange in the critically ill: a review
Authors: Doering LV
Published: November 2019

Positioning of critically ill patients affects hemodynamic and cardiopulmonary outcomes. A review of clinical studies indicates that backrest elevations up to 60 degrees do not affect measurement of intracardiac pressures or cardiac output, but PaO2 may diminish in sitting positions following surgical procedures. In lateral positions, measurement of intracardiac pressures and cardiac output is not recommended, since a uniform reference point has not been identified for lateral positions. In patients with unilateral lung disease, PaO2 increases with the unaffected lung in the dependent position. Despite widespread use, the Trendelenburg position has not been shown to provide consistent beneficial effects. Prone positioning may be beneficial in adult respiratory distress syndrome and in weaning of mechanically ventilated patients. When planning positioning maneuvers, critical care nurses should consider these effects in relation to the specific needs of each patient. Hemodynamic and cardiopulmonary responses to positioning should be evaluated in conjunction with other therapeutic modalities such as those designed to preserve skin integrity and improve comfort.
Visit preferences of middle-aged vs older critically ill patients
Authors: Simpson T
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVE: To differentiate between middle-aged and older adults' visiting preferences in critical care settings. DESIGN: Patients' preferences for visiting, perceptions of illness severity and extent of fatigue associated with visiting and an objective measurement of illness severity while in critical care were surveyed within 3 days after transfer from the critical care unit. SETTING: Interviews occurred on the transitional care units with patients who transferred from either the coronary care or surgical intensive care units in a large Northeast teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Fifty-three middle-aged (35 through 65 years) and 46 older (over 65 years) patients were surveyed (N = 99). RESULTS: Both middle-aged and older patients consistently wanted to limit the number of visitors to two or three persons per visit. Compared with middle-aged patients, a greater proportion of older patients preferred to limit visits to once a day and wanted the visit length to be unlimited. A greater proportion of older coronary care unit patients preferred to limit visits to two times a day than older surgical unit patients. CONCLUSIONS: Middle-aged and older patients differed in their preferences for visits, with sufficient variation in responses to warrant tailoring visits to the unique preferences of patients based on age and clinical setting.
A stabilization period of 5 minutes is adequate when measuring pulmonary artery pressures after turning
Authors: Shinners PA , Pease MO
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVE: To compare hemodynamic measurements made before turning and at 5 and 30 minutes after turning, and to determine whether the stabilization period affects the difference between supine and side-lying pulmonary artery pressures. METHODS: This study was performed in the cardiothoracic surgical intensive care unit of a midwestern university hospital. The 31 postoperative open-heart surgical patients, 26 men and 5 women aged 41 to 76 years (64 +/- 9.3, mean +/- SD) with pulmonary artery catheters in place, were divided into two groups to compare supine to side-lying pressures and the time intervals between the position changes. The supine-first subjects (Group A) were placed in the supine position for baseline measurements and turned to either the right or left side-lying position for the 5- and 30-minute pulmonary artery pressure measurements. The side-first subjects (Group B) were placed in either the right or left side-lying position for baseline measurements and then in the supine position for the 5- and 30-minute pulmonary artery pressure measurements. RESULTS: Pulmonary artery pressures, heart rate and arterial pressure were not significantly different at 5 and 30 minutes. Supine pulmonary artery pressures in Group A were not significantly different from supine pressures in Group B. Side-lying pulmonary artery pressures in Group A were not significantly different from side-lying pressures in Group B. Side-lying vs supine pulmonary artery pressures were significantly different in both Group A and Group B. CONCLUSION: The current practice of turning and settling the patient, zeroing the transducer and proceeding to make the pulmonary artery pressure readings appears to be valid. The stabilization period after turning does not explain the differences found between side-lying and supine pulmonary artery pressures.
Defining unnecessary disinfection procedures for single-dose and multiple-dose vials
Authors: Buckley T , Dudley SM , Donowitz LG
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND. Recommendations in the literature conflict on the necessity of disinfecting single-use vials prior to aspiration of fluid. Interventions to disinfect the stopper surface on multiple-dose vials vary considerably. OBJECTIVES. To determine the necessity of alcohol disinfection of the stopper on single-dose vials and to compare povidone-iodine and alcohol versus alcohol-only disinfection of the stopper prior to each needle penetration on multiple-dose vials. METHODS. The rubber stopper surfaces of 100 single-dose vials were cultured for the presence of bacteria. To determine the efficacy of two procedures for disinfection of multiple-dose vials, 87 stopper surfaces routinely disinfected with both povidone-iodine and alcohol were cultured for bacteria. After a change in practice, 100 multiple-dose vials routinely disinfected with alcohol only were cultured for the presence of bacteria. RESULTS. Of the cultures done on single-dose vial stoppers, 99% were sterile. A comparison of the two disinfection techniques for multiple-dose vials revealed that 83 (95%) of the 87 vials prepped with both povidone-iodine and alcohol were sterile, compared with all stoppers disinfected with alcohol only. CONCLUSIONS. This study shows the lack of necessity of any disinfection procedure on the rubber stopper of single-dose vials and the efficacy of alcohol only for disinfecting the stopper of multiple-dose vials.
Organ donation and the rural critical care nurse
Authors: McCoy LK , Bell SK
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND. Less than 20% of people who meet the criteria for organ donors are estimated to donate organs. OBJECTIVE. To examine the knowledge and attitudes of rural critical care nurses regarding organ donation. METHODS. Forty-six critical care nurses from a southwestern medical center provided data for this study. Self-reported knowledge and attitudes were measured using the Organ Donor Attitude Questionnaire and compared with respondents' demographic characteristics. RESULTS. Knowledge scores were found to be average (74% correct). Attitude scores reflected a strongly positive attitude toward organ donation. Increased knowledge of organ donation was not found to be related to a positive attitude. However, both attitude and knowledge were found to be positively correlated with previous experience in caring for either organ donors or recipients. Results were compared with data collected in an urban setting and found to be similar. CONCLUSIONS. Results of this study indicate that exposure to patients affected by organ procurement increased knowledge and improved attitudes of the nurses who provided care. Increased knowledge and positive attitude are important when providing support to families and caring for potential donors. These factors could increase the supply of donors for transplants, which is a goal of the organ procurement process.
Use of a clinical assessment tool for orally intubated patients
Authors: Treloar DM , Stechmiller JK
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND: Although oral hygiene is difficult to perform in orally intubated, critically ill patients, oropharyngeal status may be related to acquisition of nosocomial organisms and should therefore be addressed. OBJECTIVE: To develop a clinical tool for assessment of the mouth in orally intubated patients. METHODS: Sixteen orally intubated patients from one surgical and one medical intensive care unit were subjects. Demographic, clinical, and baseline oropharyngeal assessment data, including sputum and mouth cultures, were obtained on patient admission to the study and every other day. RESULTS: Oropharyngeal cultures of four subjects grew nosocomial bacterial organisms and of two subjects, fungal species. These same organisms were cultured from sputum specimens. Seven patients displayed severe xerostomia; 10 lip lesions were identified in nine subjects, 8 tongue lesions in nine subjects, and 8 mucosal lesions in nine subjects. CONCLUSION: Systemic oropharyngeal assessment in critically ill orally intubated patients may prevent more serious oropharyngeal infections.
Advance directives: the emerging body of research
Authors: Ott BB
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND: With the passage of the Patient Self-Determination Act in 1990, new procedures and documents became available for planning end-of-life care. These new procedures and documents are now being examined scientifically. OBJECTIVE: To review existing research on the use of advance directives. DATA SOURCES: Computer search using Grateful Med software from the National Library of Medicine with MEDLINE and BIOETHICSLINE databases. STUDY SELECTION: Studies that showed an emerging consensus or reported vastly differing results were selected. Selected studies examined these specific areas: demographic data on patients with advance directives, completion rates, capacity to complete, patients' preferences, stability of patients' decisions over time, treatment choices, proxy decision makers, treatment provided, and cost. RESULTS: The body of important research about advance directives is growing. A profile of their clinical utility is emerging. CONCLUSIONS: The research done so far can stimulate future research and can begin to suggest possible changes in practice. However, the body of research is not yet large enough or well controlled enough to answer conclusively many of the questions about planning of end-of-life care.
Differences in African American and white women with myocardial infarction: history, presentation, diagnostic methods, and infarction type
Authors: Griffiths DH , Pokorny ME , Bowman JM
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND: Despite overall declining death rates from cardiovascular disease, the number of women dying of cardiovascular disease increases each year, with substantially higher rates in African American women than in white women. OBJECTIVE: To investigate differences in presentation, diagnostic method, and type of infarction between African American and white women with myocardial infarction. METHODS: Chart review of all women with discharge diagnosis of myocardial infarction. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between African American and white women in admitting diagnosis, diagnostic methods, or type of infarction. At the time of admission, 2 medical history variables, stroke and hypertension, differed significantly between African American and white women (P = .027 and P = .002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Healthcare professionals must be aware of possible racial differences in medical history, signs and symptoms, and prognosis when assessing patients and planning interventions. Studies with larger samples are needed to confirm these findings on African American and white women with myocardial infarction.
Use of nursing resources and comfort of cancer patients with and without do-not-resuscitate orders in the intensive care unit
Authors: Kaplow R
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the level of comfort experienced by cancer patients with do-not-resuscitate orders and how use of nursing resources affects their comfort. OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between use of nursing resources and comfort in cancer patients with and without do-not-resuscitate orders in the intensive care unit. METHODS: The sample consisted of 30 adult patients who had do-not-resuscitate orders and 30 randomly selected patients who did not. Pairs consisting of 1 patient from each group were admitted to the study simultaneously and were evaluated during the same observation period. Level of comfort was assessed by using the PACU Behavioral Pain Rating Scale. Data on use of nursing resources, determined with the Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System, and on demographics and severity of illness were abstracted from the medical records. RESULTS: Chi-square analyses revealed no significant relationship between comfort and use of nursing resources. Differences between the 2 types of patients in comfort and in use of resources were not significant. Evaluation of the multivariate relationship between comfort and use of resources, with do-not-resuscitate status added as a further predictor variable, revealed no significant relationships. Severity of illness and a patient's number of visitors were predictors of use of nursing resources. CONCLUSIONS: Despite high use of nursing resources, nurses continue to focus on comfort as an outcome of care irrespective of patients' do-not-resuscitate status.
Reducing time in bed after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (TIBS III)
Authors: Keeling AW , Fisher CA , Haugh KH , Powers ER , Turner MS
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND: This study is the third in a series of investigations on the requisite length of time that patients should be restricted to bed after coronary arteriography or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty using a femoral artery approach. METHODS: A prospective, experimental-control group design with randomization was used initially to compare the incidence of bleeding between patients who remained in bed for 4 hours and patients who remained in bed for 6 hours after sheath removal following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. RESULTS: Rapid changes in the healthcare environment led to nurses collecting complete data sets for the experimental group only. The experimental group (n = 51) was 73% male and 27% female; mean age was 57 years (SD = 11.4 years). Mean time in bed was 4.1 hours (SD = 0.27 hours). Most patients (98%) did not bleed from the femoral artery access site after remaining in bed for 4 hours following sheath removal. Ninety-two percent of patients required analgesics while in bed. Mean length of stay after the angioplasty was 1.4 days (SD = 0.79 days). Bleeding occurred in one subject and was related to multiple invasive procedures and an activated clotting time of greater than 200 seconds. CONCLUSIONS: Requisite time in bed after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty has been reduced to 4 hours at the University of Virginia Medical Center, the same time required for patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. Discomfort after the procedure remains to be addressed.