bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward a Data‐Effective Calibration of a Fully Distributed Catchment Water Quality Model
Authors: Ghaffar Salman , Zhou Xiangqian , Jomaa Seifeddine , Yang Xiaoqiang , Meon Günter , Rode Michael
Published: August 2024

Distributed hydrological water quality models are increasingly being used to manage natural resources at the catchment scale but there are no calibration guidelines for selecting the most effective gauging stations. In this study, we investigated the influence of calibration schemes on the spatiotemporal performance of a fully distributed process‐based hydrological water quality model (mHM‐Nitrate) for discharge and nitrate simulations at the Bode catchment in central Germany. We used a single‐ and two multi‐site calibration schemes where the two multi‐site schemes varied in number of gauging stations but each subcatchment represented different dominant land uses of the catchment. To extract a set of behavioral parameters for each calibration scheme, we chose a sequential multi‐criteria method with 300,000 iterations. For discharge (Q), model performance was similar among the three schemes (NSE varied from 0.88 to 0.92). However, for nitrate concentration (), the multi‐site schemes performed better than the single site scheme. This improvement may be attributed to that multi‐site schemes incorporated a broader range of data, including low Q and values, thus provided a better representation of within‐catchment diversity. Conversely, adding more gauging stations in the multi‐site approaches did not lead to further improvements in catchment representation but showed wider 95% uncertainty boundaries. Thus, adding observations that contained similar information on catchment characteristics did not seem to improve model performance; however, it increased uncertainty. These results highlight the importance of strategically selecting gauging stations that reflect the full range of catchment heterogeneity rather than seeking to maximize station number, to optimize parameter calibration.
Quantification of Crystal Chemistry of Fe‐Mg Carbonates by Raman Microspectroscopy and Near‐Infrared Remote Sensing
Authors: Beck Pierre , Beyssac Olivier , Schmitt Bernard , Royer Clement , Mandon Lucia , Boulard Eglantine , Rividi Nicolas , Cloutis Edward A.
Published: August 2024

On Earth, carbonate minerals are widely used as recorders of the geological environments in which they formed. Here, we present a method designed to retrieve the crystal chemistry of Fe‐Mg carbonate minerals using infrared remote sensing or Raman spectroscopy. We analyzed a suite of well‐characterized Fe‐Mg carbonate minerals for which Raman spectra were obtained in two different laboratories, and IR spectra were measured in reflectance and transmission from the visible range to 25‐μm. We built calibration lines for the dependence of fundamental and harmonic vibrational modes position to the Mg# (defined as Mg# = 100 × Mg/(Mg + Fe + Ca + Mn)). These calibrations should enable retrieval of Mg# based on spectroscopic observations with a typical accuracy of 10. We discuss the framework of applicability of these calibrations and apply them to a typical CRISM spectrum of carbonates from the Nilli Fossae region of Mars.
Inhomogeneous Magnetization of Tyrrhenian Seamounts Revealed From Gravity and Magnetic Correlation Analysis
Authors: Barone A. , Milano M. , Fedi M.
Published: August 2024

We perform a joint analysis of gravity and magnetic data sets in the Tyrrhenian Sea region to infer the rock physical properties of several volcanic seamounts. We propose a moving‐window application using Poisson's theorem, which relates the total gradient of the magnetic field to the total gradient of the first‐order vertical derivative of the gravity field data. In volcanic environments, where strong intensity of remanent magnetization is expected, the total gradient of the magnetic field is particularly useful since it is almost independent on the direction of the total‐magnetization. The moving‐window approach resulted necessary due to the heterogeneous magnetization distribution of the volcanoes. First, we perform synthetic tests based on realistic seamount models which exhibit inhomogeneous magnetization intensity and orientation. Using the total gradients, we demonstrate that our approach can provide an appropriate magnetization‐to‐density ratio in different subareas of seamounts. The results of the correlation analysis for the Palinuro, Marsili, Vavilov, and Magnaghi seamounts provide interesting information on the variability of magnetization associated with different epochs of formation and demagnetization effects due to hydrothermal alteration processes.
Seasonal Temperature and Circulation Patterns in a Hybrid Polar Lake, Great Bear Lake, Canada
Authors: Carmack Eddy , Vagle Svein , Kheyrollah Pour Homa
Published: August 2024

Great Bear Lake (GBL) is the largest lake entirely within Canada and the largest polar‐type lake in the world. It holds cultural and sustenance value to the Délı˛ne Got'ine. However, its baseline physical limnology and how this may be altered by climate warming and anthropogenic stressors have received little attention. To explore the roles that surface heat exchange, wind, seasonal ice cover, and thermodynamic constraints play in the seasonal progression of ventilation and stratification of GBL, we report data from two 2008‐09 moorings, satellite‐derived lake surface temperatures, and observations made in 1964. Three spatially constrained processes regulate seasonal patterns of ventilation and stratification. Mid‐lake temperatures remain below the temperature of maximum density (TMDsurf = 3.98°C) throughout the year. In this area, solar radiation drives vertical convection while cooling develops stratification. Waters along the perimeter of the lake and within its five major arms do rise above TMDsurf in summer and stratify. It follows that mixing between the inner and outer domains form water at TMDsurf to create a convergent sinking zone or thermal bar. Because TMD decreases with increasing pressure, ventilation in the deepest region of the lake (McTavish Arm, Zmax = 446 m) requires wind‐aided downwelling to force cold surface water to a depth where it lies closer to the local TMD, triggering thermobaric instability, which then drives full‐depth ventilation. These patterns of ventilation and stratification constrain the availability of light and nutrients, therefore setting rates of biogeochemical processes, and regulating the lake's overall response to climate change.
Impact of Instantaneous Parameter Sensitivity on Ensemble‐Based Parameter Estimation: Simulation With an Intermediate Coupled Model
Authors: Cao Lige , Han Guijun , Li Wei , Wu Haowen , Wu Xiaobo , Zhou Gongfu , Zheng Qingyu
Published: August 2024

On ensemble‐based coupled data assimilation, cross‐component parameter estimation (CPE), has not been as extensively developed and applied as weakly coupled state and parameter estimation along with cross‐component state estimation. This discrepancy is partially attributed to the lack of emphasis on the instantaneous response of coupled model states with respect to parameters across different components. We define so‐called response as the instantaneous parameter sensitivity (IPS). Under the framework of sequential assimilation, the prior information heavily relies on the IPS of coupled states with different time scales. Based on the IPS analysis for an intermediate coupled model, a series of twin experiments of state and parameter estimation are conducted, in which an IPS‐inspired adaptive inflation scheme for parameter ensemble is introduced. Results show that the success of a parameter estimation strategy is closely tied to the significant IPS of the observed state to the parameter targeted for optimization, as it maintains a high signal‐to‐noise ratio in the error covariance between parameter and prior state, thereby enhancing parameter estimation. An interesting finding in the context of IPS‐based CPE is: an atmospheric parameter can be successfully estimated by assimilating observations from slow‐varying oceanic component, but not vice versa. In comparison with cross‐component state estimation, successful CPE significantly enhances the estimation accuracy of coupled states by mitigating model bias.
Effect of Sortilin1 on promoting angiogenesis and systemic metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma via the Notch signaling pathway and CD133
Authors: Ahn Hye Ri , Kim Sujin , Baek Geum Ok , Yoon Moon Gyeong , Kang Minji , Ng Jestlin Tianthing , Go Yunjin , Lim Su Bin , Yoon Jung Hwan , Jeong Jee-Yeong , Han Ji Eun , Kim Soon Sun , Cheong Jae Youn , Eun Jung Woo , Cho Hyo Jung
Published: August 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is known to be lethal disease. However, its prognosis remains poor, primarily because the precise oncogenic mechanisms underlying HCC progression remain elusive, thus hampering effective treatment. Here, we aimed to identify the potential oncogenes in HCC and elucidate the underlying mechanisms of their action. To identify potential candidate genes, an integrative analysis of eight publicly available genomic datasets was performed, and the functional implications of the identified genes were assessed in vitro and in vivo. Sortilin 1 (SORT1) was identified as a potential candidate oncogene in HCC, and its overexpression in HCC cells was confirmed by analyzing spatial transcriptomic and single-cell data. Silencing SORT1 in Huh-7 and Hep3B cells significantly reduced HCC progression in vitro and in vivo. Functional analyses of oncogenic pathways revealed that SORT1 expression regulated the Notch signaling pathway activation and CD133 expression. Furthermore, analysis of epigenetic regulation of the candidate gene and its clinical implications using The Cancer Genome Atlas Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA LIHC) and our HCC cohort (AJOU_HCC cohort) data demonstrated an inverse correlation between the methylation status of the SORT1 promoter region, specifically at the cg16988986 site, and SORT1 mRNA expression, indicating the epigenetic regulation of SORT1 in HCC. In addition, the distinct methylation status of cg16988986 was significantly associated with patient survival. In conclusion, SORT1 plays a pivotal role in HCC by activating the Notch signaling pathway and increasing CD133 expression. These findings suggest SORT1 as a promising therapeutic target for HCC.
CTDSPL2 promotes the progression of non-small lung cancer through PI3K/AKT signaling via JAK1
Authors: Li Muzi , Chen La , Yu Fangfang , Mei Huijuan , Ma Xingxing , Ding Keshuo , Yang Yanan , Rong Ziye
Published: August 2024

Carboxy-terminal domain small phosphatase like 2 (CTDSPL2), one of the haloacid dehalogenase phosphatases, is associated with several diseases including cancer. However, the role of CTDSPL2 and its regulatory mechanism in lung cancer remain unclear. Here, we aimed to explore the clinical implications, biological functions, and molecular mechanisms of CTDSPL2 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). CTDSPL2 was identified as a novel target of the tumor suppressor miR-193a-3p. CTDSPL2 expression was significantly elevated in NSCLC tissues. Database analysis showed that CTDSPL2 expression was negatively correlated with patient survival. Depletion of CTDSPL2 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells, as well as tumor growth and metastasis in mouse models. Additionally, silencing of CTDSPL2 enhanced CD4+ T cell infiltration into tumors. Moreover, CTDSPL2 interacted with JAK1 and positively regulated JAK1 expression. Subsequent experiments indicated that CTDSPL2 activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway through the upregulation of JAK1, thereby promoting the progression of NSCLC. In conclusion, CTDSPL2 may play an oncogenic role in NSCLC progression by activating PI3K/AKT signaling via JAK1. These findings may provide a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC.
Obstructive sleep apnea -related hypertension: a review of the literature and clinical management strategy
Authors: Shiina Kazuki
Published: August 2024

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and hypertension have a high rate of co-occurrence, with OSA being a causative factor for hypertension. Sympathetic activity due to intermittent hypoxia and/or fragmented sleep is the most important mechanisms triggering the elevation in blood pressure in OSA. OSA-related hypertension is characterized by resistant hypertension, nocturnal hypertension, abnormal blood pressure variability, and vascular remodeling. In particular, the prevalence of OSA is high in patients with resistant hypertension, and the mechanism proposed includes vascular remodeling due to the exacerbation of arterial stiffness by OSA. Continuous positive airway pressure therapy is effective at lowering blood pressure, however, the magnitude of the decrease in blood pressure is relatively modest, therefore, patients often need to also take antihypertensive medications to achieve optimal blood pressure control. Antihypertensive medications targeting sympathetic pathways or the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system have theoretical potential in OSA-related hypertension, Therefore, beta-blockers and renin-angiotensin system inhibitors may be effective in the management of OSA-related hypertension, but current evidence is limited. The characteristics of OSA-related hypertension, such as nocturnal hypertension and obesity-related hypertension, suggests potential for angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor/ glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GIP/GLP-1 RA). Recently, OSA has been considered to be caused not only by upper airway anatomy but also by several non-anatomic mechanisms, such as responsiveness of the upper airway response, ventilatory control instability, and reduced sleep arousal threshold. Elucidating the phenotypic mechanisms of OSA may potentially advance more personalized hypertension treatment strategies in the future.
Long-term safety and effectiveness of mRNA-1273 vaccine in adults: COVE trial open-label and booster phases
Authors: Baden Lindsey R. , El Sahly Hana M. , Essink Brandon , Follmann Dean , Hachigian Gregory , Strout Cynthia , Overcash J. Scott , Doblecki-Lewis Susanne , Whitaker Jennifer A. , Anderson Evan J. , Neuzil Kathleen , Corey Lawrence , Priddy Frances , Tomassini Joanne E. , Brown Mollie , Girard Bethany , Stolman Dina , Urdaneta Veronica , Wang Xiaowei , Deng Weiping , Zhou Honghong , Dixit Avika , Das Rituparna , Miller Jacqueline M. ,   the COVE Trial Consortium
Published: August 2024

Primary vaccination with mRNA-1273 (100-µg) was safe and efficacious at preventing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the previously reported, blinded Part A of the phase 3 Coronavirus Efficacy (COVE; NCT04470427) trial in adults (≥18 years) across 99 U.S. sites. The open-label (Parts B and C) primary objectives were evaluation of long-term safety and effectiveness of primary vaccination plus a 50-µg booster dose; immunogenicity was a secondary objective. Of 29,035 open-label participants, 19,609 received boosters (mRNA-1273 [n = 9647]; placebo-mRNA-1273 [n = 9952]; placebo [n = 10] groups). Booster safety was consistent with that reported for primary vaccination. Incidences of COVID-19 and severe COVID-19 were higher during the Omicron BA.1 than Delta variant waves and boosting versus non-boosting was associated with a significant, 47.0% (95% CI : 39.0-53.9%) reduction of Omicron BA.1 incidence (24.6 [23.4 − 25.8] vs 46.4 [40.6 − 52.7]/1000 person-months). In an exploratory Cox regression model adjusted for time-varying covariates, a longer median interval between primary vaccination and boosting (mRNA-1273 [13 months] vs placebo-mRNA-1273 [8 months]) was associated with significantly lower, COVID-19 risk (24.0% [16.0% − 32.0%]) during Omicron BA.1 predominance. Boosting elicited greater immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 than primary vaccination, irrespective of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Primary vaccination and boosting with mRNA-1273 demonstrated acceptable safety, effectiveness and immunogenicity against COVID-19, including emergent variants.
Bleaching protection and axial sectioning in fluorescence nanoscopy through two-photon activation at 515 nm
Authors: Bredfeldt Jan-Erik , Oracz Joanna , Kiszka Kamila A. , Moosmayer Thea , Weber Michael , Sahl Steffen J. , Hell Stefan W.
Published: August 2024

Activation of caged fluorophores in microscopy has mostly relied on the absorption of a single ultraviolet (UV) photon of ≲400 nm wavelength or on the simultaneous absorption of two near-infrared (NIR) photons >700 nm. Here, we show that two green photons (515 nm) can substitute for a single photon (~260 nm) to activate popular silicon-rhodamine (Si-R) dyes. Activation in the green range eliminates the chromatic aberrations that plague activation by UV or NIR light. Thus, in confocal fluorescence microscopy, the activation focal volume can be matched with that of confocal detection. Besides, detrimental losses of UV and NIR light in the optical system are avoided. We apply two-photon activation (2PA) of three Si-R dyes in different superresolution approaches. STED microscopy of thick samples is improved through optical sectioning and photobleaching reduced by confining active fluorophores to a thin layer. 2PA of individualized fluorophores enables MINSTED nanoscopy with nanometer-resolution.
Bio-integrated carbon capture and utilization: at the interface between capture chemistry and archaeal CO2 reduction
Authors: Sieborg Mads Ujarak , Nielsen Amalie Kirstine Hessellund , Ottosen Lars Ditlev Mørck , Daasbjerg Kim , Kofoed Michael Vedel Wegener
Published: August 2024

Carbon capture and utilization (CCU) covers an array of technologies for valorizing carbon dioxide (CO2). To date, most mature CCU technology conducted with capture agents operates against the CO2 gradient to desorb CO2 from capture agents, exhibiting high energy penalties and thermal degradation due to the requirement for thermal swings. This Perspective presents a concept of Bio-Integrated Carbon Capture and Utilization (BICCU), which utilizes methanogens for integrated release and conversion of CO2 captured with capture agents. BICCU hereby substitutes the energy-intensive desorption with microbial conversion of captured CO2 by the methanogenic CO2-reduction pathway, utilizing green hydrogen to generate non-fossil methane.
Multistage protective anti-CelTOS monoclonal antibodies with cross-species sterile protection against malaria
Authors: Tang Wai Kwan , Salinas Nichole D. , Kolli Surendra Kumar , Xu Shulin , Urusova Darya V. , Kumar Hirdesh , Jimah John R. , Subramani Pradeep Annamalai , Ogbondah Madison M. , Barnes Samantha J. , Adams John H. , Tolia Niraj H.
Published: August 2024

CelTOS is a malaria vaccine antigen that is conserved in Plasmodium and other apicomplexan parasites and plays a role in cell-traversal. The structural basis and mechanisms of CelTOS-induced protective immunity to parasites are unknown. Here, CelTOS-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 7g7 and 4h12 demonstrated multistage activity, protecting against liver infection and preventing parasite transmission to mosquitoes. Both mAbs demonstrated cross-species activity with sterile protection against in vivo challenge with transgenic parasites containing either P. falciparum or P. vivax CelTOS, and with transmission reducing activity against P. falciparum. The mAbs prevented CelTOS-mediated pore formation providing insight into the protective mechanisms. X-ray crystallography and mutant-library epitope mapping revealed two distinct broadly conserved neutralizing epitopes. 7g7 bound to a parallel dimer of CelTOS, while 4h12 bound to a novel antiparallel dimer architecture. These findings inform the design of antibody therapies and vaccines and raise the prospect of a single intervention to simultaneously combat P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria.
The skin microbiome stratifies patients with cutaneous T cell lymphoma and determines event-free survival
Authors: Licht Philipp , Dominelli Nazzareno , Kleemann Johannes , Pastore Stefan , Müller Elena-Sophia , Haist Maximilian , Hartmann Kim Sophie , Stege Henner , Bros Matthias , Meissner Markus , Grabbe Stephan , Heermann Ralf , Mailänder Volker
Published: August 2024

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common entity of Cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCL) and is characterized by the presence of clonal malignant T cells in the skin. The role of the skin microbiome for MF development and progression are currently poorly understood. Using shotgun metagenomic profiling, real-time qPCR, and T cell receptor sequencing, we compared lesional and nonlesional skin of 20 MF patients with early and advanced MF. Additionally, we isolated Staphylococcus aureus and other bacteria from MF skin for functional profiling and to study the S. aureus virulence factor spa. We identified a subgroup of MF patients with substantial dysbiosis on MF lesions and concomitant outgrowth of S. aureus on plaque-staged lesions, while the other MF patients had a balanced microbiome on lesional skin. Dysbiosis and S. aureus outgrowth were accompanied by ectopic levels of cutaneous antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), including adaptation of the plaque-derived S. aureus strain. Furthermore, the plaque-derived S. aureus strain showed a reduced susceptibility towards antibiotics and an upregulation of the virulence factor spa, which may activate the NF-κB pathway. Remarkably, patients with dysbiosis on MF lesions had a restricted T cell receptor repertoire and significantly lower event-free survival. Our study highlights the potential for microbiome-modulating treatments targeting S. aureus to prevent MF progression.
Diet-microbiome interactions promote enteric nervous system resilience following spinal cord injury
Authors: Hamilton Adam M. , Blackmer-Raynolds Lisa , Li Yaqing , Kelly Sean D. , Kebede Nardos , Williams Anna E. , Chang Jianjun , Garraway Sandra M. , Srinivasan Shanthi , Sampson Timothy R.
Published: August 2024

Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in numerous systemic dysfunctions, including intestinal dysmotility and enteric nervous system (ENS) atrophy. The ENS has capacity to recover following perturbation, yet intestinal pathologies persist. With emerging evidence demonstrating SCI-induced alterations to gut microbiome composition, we hypothesized that microbiome modulation contributes to post-injury enteric recovery. Here, we show that intervention with the dietary fiber, inulin, prevents SCI-induced ENS atrophy and dysmotility in mice. While SCI-associated microbiomes and specific injury-sensitive gut microbes are not sufficient to modulate intestinal dysmotility after injury, intervention with microbially-derived short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolites prevents ENS dysfunctions in injured mice. Notably, inulin-mediated resilience is dependent on IL-10 signaling, highlighting a critical diet-microbiome-immune axis that promotes ENS resilience post-injury. Overall, we demonstrate that diet and microbially-derived signals distinctly impact ENS survival after traumatic spinal injury and represent a foundation to uncover etiological mechanisms and future therapeutics for SCI-induced neurogenic bowel.
Upwelling of melt-depleted mantle under Iceland
Authors: Sanfilippo A. , Stracke A. , Genske F. , Scarani S. , Cuffaro M. , Basch V. , Borghini G. , Brunelli D. , Ferrando C. , Peyve A. A. , Ligi M.
Published: August 2024

Seafloor anomalies along mid-ocean ridges with exceptionally thick and compositionally distinct basaltic crust, for example, at Iceland, suggest that the underlying mantle is hotter and chemically different from the adjacent subridge mantle. Here we present hafnium and neodymium isotope ratios of peridotites from the Charlie Gibbs Transform Zone, which is located at the southern end of the Reykjanes Ridge south-west of Iceland. These peridotites are strongly depleted in incompatible elements with extremely high hafnium isotope ratios, suggesting that they had already melted to a large extent before being incorporated into the plume, at least 1 billion years ago, and thereby also became less dense. We argue that seismic velocity anomalies, geodynamic models and geochemical affinities of ridge basalts connect the peridotites from the Charlie Gibbs Transform Zone to the ‘Iceland plume’. The thermochemical buoyancy of the moderately hot Iceland plume, but also that of other plumes worldwide, may therefore be strongly influenced by composition. Variable peridotite depletion along the rising Iceland plume could also cause the transient, density-driven pulses in plume flux, which have formed the V-shaped Reykjanes Ridge south of Iceland. Overall, expansion of a ridge-centred plume along adjacent ridges and melting of heterogeneous plume material explains the topographic swell, the seismic anomaly and the formation of V-shaped ridges, as well as the regional distribution of basalts with Icelandic affinity.
Preparation of magnetite nanoparticles and their application in the removal of methylene blue dye from wastewater
Authors: Aly Sohair T. , Saed Amgad , Mahmoud Alaa , Badr Mahmoud , Garas Shady S. , Yahya Shehab , Hamad Kareem H.
Published: August 2024

Wastewater is discharged in large amounts from different industries; thus, wastewater treatment is currently one of the main concerns, advanced oxidation is a promising technique for wastewater treatment. This research aims to synthesize magnetite nanoparticles and study their application in wastewater treatment via adsorption and advanced oxidation processes. Magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized via coprecipitation technique between ferric and ferrous sulfate at a molar ratio of 2:1. The prepared sample was characterized using FTIR, XRD, TEM, BET surface area, zeta potential, VSM, and UV‒visible spectroscopy. XRD confirmed the formation of a single face-centered cubic (FCC) spinel structure of Fe3O4. TEM revealed an average particle size of 29.2 nm and a BET surface area of 70.1 m2 g−1. UV‒visible spectroscopy revealed that the UV–visible peak of the sample was obtained at 410 nm. VSM confirmed the attraction of the sample to a magnet with a magnetization of 60 (emu/g). The removal efficiency of methylene blue was studied using adsorption and advanced oxidation methods. For adsorption, the studied parameters were dye concentration 2–10 ppm, 3–10 pH, and 50:300 mg Fe3O4/L. For advanced oxidation, peroxide was used with nanomagnetite as a catalyst, and the studied parameters were pH 2–11, magnetite dose 20–200 PPM, and peroxide dose 500–2000 PPM. The removal efficiency by adsorption reached 95.11% by adding 50 mg of Fe3O4/L and 10 ppm dye conc at 6.5 pH; on the other hand, in advanced oxidation, it reached 98.5% by adding 110 PPM magnetite and 2000 ppm H2O2 at pH 11. The magnetite nanoparticles were reused for ten cycles of advanced oxidation, for a 10% reduction in removal efficiency at the tenth cycle.
Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-15 regulates adipogenesis in human SGBS cells
Authors: Takahashi Asuka , Koike Ryo , Watanabe Shota , Kuribayashi Kyoko , Wabitsch Martin , Miyamoto Masahiko , Komuro Akihiko , Seki Mineaki , Nashimoto Masayuki , Shimizu-Ibuka Akiko , Yamashita Kikuji , Iwata Takeo
Published: August 2024

Adipogenesis involves intricate molecular mechanisms regulated by various transcription factors and signaling pathways. In this study, we aimed to identify factors specifically induced during adipogenesis in the human preadipocyte cell line, SGBS, but not in the mouse preadipocyte cell line, 3T3-L1. Microarray analysis revealed distinct gene expression profiles, with 1460 genes induced in SGBS cells and 1297 genes induced in 3T3-L1 cells during adipogenesis, with only 297 genes commonly induced. Among the genes uniquely induced in SGBS cells, we focused on GALNT15, which encodes polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-15. Its expression increased transiently during adipogenesis in SGBS cells but remained low in 3T3-L1 cells. Overexpression of GALNT15 increased mRNA levels of CCAAT-enhancer binding protein (C/EBPα) and leptin but had no significant impact on adipogenesis in SGBS cells. Conversely, knockdown of GALNT15 suppressed mRNA expression of adipocyte marker genes, reduced lipid accumulation, and decreased the percentage of cells with oil droplets. The induction of C/EBPα and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ during adipogenesis was promoted or suppressed in SGBS cells subjected to overexpression or knockdown of GALNT15, respectively. These data suggest that polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-15 is a novel regulatory molecule that enhances adipogenesis in SGBS cells.
Eocene maar sediments record warming of up to 3.5 °C during a hyperthermal event 47.2 million years ago
Authors: Schmitt Clemens , Vasiliev Iuliana , Meijer Niels , Brugger Julia , Kaboth-Bahr Stefanie , Bahr André , Mulch Andreas
Published: August 2024

Eocene hyperthermal events reflect profound perturbations of the global carbon cycle. Most of our knowledge about their onset, timing, and rates originates from marine records. Hence, the pacing and magnitude of hyperthermal continental warming remains largely unaccounted for due to a lack of high-resolution climate records. Here we use terrestrial biomarkers and carbon isotopes retrieved from varved lake deposits of the UNESCO World Heritage site ‘Messel Fossil Pit’ (Germany) to quantify sub-millennial to millennial-scale temperature and carbon isotope changes across hyperthermal event C21n-H1 (47.2 million years ago). Our results show maximum warming of ca. 3.5 °C during C21n-H1. We propose that two components are responsible for the warming pattern across the hyperthermal: (1) the massive release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere-ocean system and (2) half-precession orbital forcing indicated by ~12.000-year temperature cycles. The carbon isotope record of bulk organic matter indicates a sharp, 7‰ decrease at the peak of the hyperthermal, corresponding to increased organic carbon content and a shift in the lake algal community. Collectively, our proxy data reveal the structure of continental temperature response during the hyperthermal event that is characterized by overall warming with a superimposed pattern of sub-orbital scale temperature fluctuations.
A non-canonical repressor function of JUN restrains YAP activity and liver cancer growth
Authors: Kurlishchuk Yuliya , Cindric Vranesic Anita , Jessen Marco , Kipping Alexandra , Ritter Christin , Kim KyungMok , Cramer Paul , von Eyss Björn
Published: August 2024

Yes-associated protein (YAP) and its homolog, transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), are the main transcriptional downstream effectors of the Hippo pathway. Decreased Hippo pathway activity leads to nuclear translocation of YAP/TAZ where they interact with TEAD transcription factors to induce target gene expression. Unrestrained YAP/TAZ activity can lead to excessive growth and tumor formation in a short time, underscoring the evolutionary need for tight control of these two transcriptional coactivators. Here, we report that the AP-1 component JUN acts as specific repressor of YAP/TAZ at joint target sites to decrease YAP/TAZ activity. This function of JUN is independent of its heterodimeric AP-1 partner FOS and the canonical AP-1 function. Since expression of JUN is itself induced by YAP/TAZ, our work identifies a JUN-dependent negative feedback loop that buffers YAP/TAZ activity at joint genomic sites. This negative feedback loop gets disrupted in liver cancer to unlock the full oncogenic potential of YAP/TAZ. Our results thus demonstrate an additional layer of control for the interplay of YAP/TAZ and AP-1.
A lack of impact of pedagogy (peer-led team learning compared with didactic instruction) on long-term student knowledge of chemical equilibrium
Authors: Young Jessica D. , Demirdöğen Betül , Bauer Christopher F. , Lewis Scott E.
Published: August 2024

Peer-led team learning is a socially mediated pedagogy where trained peer leaders, students who have completed a course, return to lead students in groups within a targeted course. The effect of peer-led team learning to improve student success in chemistry has been extensively documented but it is unclear if it is just as effective at facilitating retention of knowledge across time. This paper describes two studies designed to examine this possibility, each focusing on the impact of peer-led team learning in second-semester general chemistry on students’ long-term knowledge of chemical equilibrium. The first study measured student knowledge at three time points for one year following enrollment in general chemistry. The second study measured student knowledge while enrolled in analytical chemistry. Both studies used a repeated measures design and found no demonstrable effect of pedagogy on the long-term retention of knowledge. This finding indicates that concepts students hold in first-year chemistry remain long-standing throughout their undergraduate training, conceptual understanding of equilibrium shows ample room for improvement across both pedagogies, and peer-led team learning supports knowledge retention comparable to didactic instruction.
Label-free impedimetric analysis of microplastics dispersed in aqueous media polluted by Pb2+ ions
Authors: Lascari Davide , Cataldo Salvatore , Muratore Nicola , Prestopino Giuseppe , Pignataro Bruno , Lazzara Giuseppe , Arrabito Giuseppe , Pettignano Alberto
Published: August 2024

A label-free method based on dielectric impedance spectroscopy was developed for the differentiation of virgin from Pb2+ polluted microplastics.
Label-free ratiometric fluorescence detection of Pb2+via structure-specific fluorescent dyes and dual signal amplification
Authors: Zhang Jinmin , Suo Zhiguang , Liang Ruirui , Wei Min , Ren Wenjie , Xu Yiwei , He Baoshan , Jin Huali , Zhao Renyong
Published: August 2024

A ratiometric fluorescent biosensor for the detection of Pb2+ was successfully constructed by fully utilizing the solid loading of magnetic beads and the shearing effect of Pb2+. The sensor has good selectivity and high accuracy.
Eco-friendly α,β-C(sp3)–H difunctionalization of tertiary amines via sequential [1,5]-hydride transfer and hetero-Diels–Alder cyclization
Authors: Zhang Yi , Yan Huihui , Zhao Peng , Chen Rener , Fang Weiwei , Wang Lei , Ma Yongmin
Published: August 2024

An unprecedented eco-friendly multi-component domino reaction for the synthesis of novel N,O-acetals is reported.
Selenium dioxide promoted selenylation/cyclization of leucosceptrane sesterterpenoids
Authors: Geng Hao , Fu Ran , Zhou Ting-Ting , Li Man , Liu Yan-Chun , Li Xiao-Nian , Liu Yan , Zheng Yu , Li Sheng-Hong
Published: August 2024

A novel selenium dioxide promoted selenylation/cyclization was discovered for the syntheses of two types of leucosceptrane derivatives, in which the different valence states of selenium atoms (Se2+ and Se4+) were introduced.
An MXene-supported NH2CNT and BiOCl composite as a sulfur reservoir for Li–S batteries with high energy density
Authors: Dong Hanghang , Xu Danying , Ji Ying , Yang Chao , Xiao Yao , Chen Mingzhe , Wang Yong , Chou Shulei , Wang Renheng , Chen Shuangqiang
Published: August 2024

A negatively charged MXene was self-assembled with positively charged CTAB–BiOCl and NH2CNTs via electrostatic forces. The unique structure serves as an advanced sulfur host to inhibit LiPS shuttling and realize long cycle life.
Mechanistic insights into C–C coupling in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction
Authors: Hu Yao , Asif Muhammad , Gong Jiaxuan , Zeb Hassan , Lan Haihui , Kashif khan Muhammad , Xia Huicong , Du Mingliang
Published: August 2024

Explores C–C coupling in CO2 reduction, focusing on atomic/electronic structure modulation, electron transfer, CO2 adsorption, and carbon chain growth. Optimizing catalysts enhances C–C coupling for multi-carbon products.
One-step synthesis of pure-phase amino-functionalized zirconium-based capsule ZrC-1-NH2 for photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline
Authors: Xu Ting-Ting , Wei De-Sheng , Li Shuang-Bao , Zhang Yu-Teng , Lv Nan
Published: August 2024

An amino-functionalized zirconium-based capsule was successfully synthesized and utilized as a photocatalyst to perform the degradation of tetracycline.
Gold oxide formation on Au(111) under CO oxidation conditions at room temperature
Authors: Wenzel Sabine , Boden Dajo , Groot Irene M. N.
Published: August 2024

On a Au(111) model catalyst, we observe the formation of gold oxide islands under exposure to atmospheric pressures of oxygen or CO oxidation reaction conditions in an in situ scanning tunneling microscope.
Overview and perspectives on metalloid tin cluster chemistry
Authors: Kimmich R. , Schnepf A.
Published: August 2024

The largest metalloid tin cluster exhibits 20 tin atoms, showing a unique structure build-up of smaller principal units. Herein, we present recent advances in this area as well as perspective and outlook for extending this fascinating research field.
Studies of a novel nano sustained-released drug delivery system with a hydroxyapatite core and polysuccinimide coating structure
Authors: Yu Fengbo , Wang Qiang , Liu Dan , Fan Xingjun , Tong Lei , Shen Guangzhi , Zhai Fengguo
Published: August 2024

In this study, a nano drug delivery system for sustained release (PSI–HAP) with spherical or near-spherical particles and a negative zeta potential was established.
Self-supervised graph neural networks for polymer property prediction
Authors: Gao Qinghe , Dukker Tammo , Schweidtmann Artur M. , Weber Jana M.
Published: August 2024

Self-supervised learning for polymer property prediction in scarce data domains.
Ultralong room temperature phosphorescence with multicolor afterglow achieved in a harsh polymeric viscous flow state
Authors: Gu Shiyu , Wu Qi , Wu Jinrong
Published: August 2024

Realizing ultralong room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) lifetime in a polymeric viscous flow state with free and continuous chain motion is a challenge. The longest lifetime of 2.39 s is achieved in the viscous flow state for the first time.
Reaching across the divide: materials scientists interfacing with biologists
Authors: Acharya Rachana , Owens Róisín M.
Published: August 2024

Organic bioelectronics as an emerging interdisciplinary field of research has great potential for breakthrough and disruptive technologies. This article outlines the key challenges and opportunities ahead in this field, providing strategies for the way forward.
Strong and anti-swelling nanofibrous hydrogel composites inspired by biological tissue for amphibious motion sensors
Authors: Ren Zheng , Guo Fang , Wen Yong , Yang Yang , Liu Jinxin , Cheng Si
Published: August 2024

Nanofibrous hydrogel composites with exceptional mechanical, electrical, and anti-swelling properties, enabling amphibious motion sensing, underwater communication, and biological monitoring.
Correction: High-performance one-dimensional halide perovskite crossbar memristors and synapses for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Vishwanath Sujaya Kumar , Febriansyah Benny , Ng Si En , Das Tisita , Acharya Jyotibdha , John Rohit Abraham , Sharma Divyam , Dananjaya Putu Andhita , Jagadeeswararao Metikoti , Tiwari Naveen , Kulkarni Mohit Ramesh Chandra , Lew Wen Siang , Chakraborty Sudip , Basu Arindam , Mathews Nripan
Published: August 2024

Correction for ‘High-performance one-dimensional halide perovskite crossbar memristors and synapses for neuromorphic computing’ by Sujaya Kumar Vishwanath et al., Mater. Horiz., 2024, 11, 2643–2656, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3MH02055J.
Antimalarial mechanism of action of the natural product 9-methoxystrobilurin G
Authors: Shaw Philip J. , Prommana Parichat , Thongpanchang Chawanee , Kamchonwongpaisan Sumalee , Kongkasuriyachai Darin , Wang Yan , Zhou Zhihua , Zhou Yiqing
Published: August 2024

Cytochrome bc1 complex III identified as 9MG antimalaial target by multi-omics.
A 2D hybrid nanocomposite: a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries at high temperature
Authors: Chandra Sekhar Bongu , Soliman Abdelrahman , Arsalan Muhammad , Alsharaeh Edreese H.
Published: August 2024

The preparation and electrochemical characterization of a 5% BN-G@MoS2-50@50 composite electrode at room temperature and high temperature.
Albumin nanocapsules and nanocrystals for efficient intracellular drug release
Authors: Chali Sharafudheen Pottanam , Westmeier Jaana , Krebs Franziska , Jiang Shuai , Neesen Friederike Pauline , Uncuer Doğa , Schelhaas Mario , Grabbe Stephan , Becker Christian , Landfester Katharina , Steinbrink Kerstin
Published: August 2024

The present study demonstrates that albumin-coated drug nanocrystals represent a highly efficacious novel approach for the controlled intracellular release of drugs with limited solubility in immune cells.
Cluster-doping in silicon nanocrystals
Authors: Haq Atta ul , Buerkle Marius , Alessi Bruno , Svrcek Vladimir , Maguire Paul , Mariotti Davide
Published: August 2024

Sn-cluster doping of Si nanocrystals represents a new approach to property tuning, which results in a significant bandgap reduction and an atypical size-dependent behaviour, as confirmed by both experimental and theoretical studies.
Vesicle–micelle transitions driven by ROS, light and heat
Authors: Subraveti Sai Nikhil , Nader Morine G. , AziziHariri Pedram , John Vijay T. , Lamichhane Narottam , Raghavan Srinivasa R.
Published: August 2024

Two common amphiphiles, a cationic photoinitiator and an anionic surfactant, are combined to create ‘smart’ nanoscale vesicles. When exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS), light (UV) or heat, the vesicles are converted into smaller micelles.
The influence of bulk stoichiometry on near-ambient pressure reactivity of bare and Pt-loaded rutile TiO2(110)
Authors: Kraushofer Florian , Krinninger Matthias , Kaiser Sebastian , Reich Johanna , Jarosz Agnieszka , Füchsl Matthias , Anand Gaurav , Esch Friedrich , Lechner Barbara A. J.
Published: August 2024

The stoichiometry of rutile TiO2 supports determines whether platinum particles will become encapsulated, and drastically affects the TiO2 reactivity even in the absence of platinum.
Unravelling structural insights into ligand-induced photoluminescence mechanisms of sulfur dots
Authors: Sahoo Satya Ranjan , Mukhopadhyay Arun , Mahata Sukhendu , Kumari Komal , Praneeth N. V. S. , Baksi Ananya , Khatua Saumyakanti , Saha Sumit , Rakshit Surajit , Goswami Nirmal
Published: August 2024

Leveraging ligand shell engineering, our study elucidates the structure and origin of luminescence in sulfur dots. These sulfur dots are consisting of multiple aggregated sulfur species, where the aggregation level governs their luminescent colors.
An artificial layer enables in situ generation of a homogeneous inorganic/organic composite solid electrolyte interphase for stable lithium metal batteries
Authors: Tian Huajun , Zhang Jianxun , He Bijiao , Liu Yang , Li Weiyi , Zhang Fang , Wang Zile , Lu Xuewei , Xin Yan , Wang Shuwei
Published: August 2024

This study provides new insights into designing homogeneous solid electrolyte interphase layers for high-voltage Li metal batteries by adopting LiNO3 and LiDFOB as additives within a porous PVDF–HFP polymer skeleton.
Access to indenofluorene skeletons via Pd-catalyzed sequential reaction involving cyclization of indenone–allenyne intermediates
Authors: Zhu Shugao , Wang Hong , Liu Shihan , Yu Rongjing , Ma Yufeng , Zhang Rui , Fang Yuxuan , Lan Yu , Shen Ruwei
Published: August 2024

The rapid construction of 7,12-dihydroindeno[1,2-a]fluorene skeletons is achieved via a tandem palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling, Alder–ene isomerization and cyclization sequence from 1-(2-iodophenyl)-3-arylprop-2-yn-1-ones and diynylic ethers.
Directed copper-catalyzed C–H functionalization of unactivated olefins with azodicarbonamide compounds
Authors: Cui Jing , Wang Xiaoya , Zeng Runsheng
Published: August 2024

The copper-catalyzed strategy employing directing group has proven to be a advantageous approach. In this study, we present the successful application of this strategy to accomplish Heck-type coupling reactions and construct β-lactam skeletons.
Energy-splitting from persistent luminescence nanoparticles with trivalent Cr ions for ratiometric temperature sensing
Authors: Zhao Tian-Qi , Abdurahman Renagul , Yin Xue-Bo
Published: August 2024

MgGa2O4 (MGO) with positive and negative spinel structure exhibits abundance defects, achieving the modulation of emission by ion doping as persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs).
Highly efficient CuNi–ZrO2 nanocomposites for selective hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone
Authors: Ding Yufang , Sun Junli , Hu Rongqi , He Daiping , Qiu Xulin , Luo Chengying , Jiang Ping
Published: August 2024

The Cu0.05Ni0.45–ZrO2 nanocomposite prepared by a simple coprecipitation technique exhibited outstanding catalytic performance for LA hydrogenation to GVL.
Visible light photoflow synthesis of a Cu(ii) single-chain polymer nanoparticle catalyst
Authors: Gillhuber Sebastian , Holloway Joshua O. , Mundsinger Kai , Kammerer Jochen A. , Harmer Jeffrey R. , Frisch Hendrik , Barner-Kowollik Christopher , Roesky Peter W.
Published: August 2024

Single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) are folded linear polymer chains inspired by the active state of natural enzymes. The current study addresses the synthetic scalability issue of SCNP via photoflow synthesis of catalytically active SCNPs.
Visible light-driven molecular oxygen activation for oxidative amidation of alcohols using lead-free metal halide perovskite
Authors: Kumar Vishesh , Vyas Ved , Kumar Deepak , Kushwaha Ashish Kumar , Indra Arindam
Published: August 2024

The electronic structure modulation of Cs2CuBr4 tunes the band positions and bandgap of the catalysts to facilitate the activation of molecular oxygen-which indeed improves the photocatalytic oxidative amidation of alcohols with amines.
Direct formate anion exchange membrane fuel cells with a PdAu bimetallic nanoparticle anode electrocatalyst obtained by metal vapor synthesis
Authors: Castello Carolina , Peruzzolo Tailor , Bellini Marco , Pagliaro Maria V. , Bartoli Francesco , Berretti Enrico , Poggini Lorenzo , Pitzalis Emanuela , Evangelisti Claudio , Miller Hamish A.
Published: August 2024

Renewable energy can be stored in liquid e-fuels such as formate. Here Pd–Au alloy nanoparticles prepared by metal vapor synthesis show enhanced activity and efficiency for the re-transformation to electrical energy in direct formate fuel cells.
IoT‐based remote monitoring system: A new era for patient engagement
Authors: Agali Khalad , Masrom Maslin , Abdul Rahim Fiza , Yahya Yazriwati
Published: August 2024

Internet of Things (IoT) is changing patient engagement in healthcare by shifting from traditional care models to a continuous, technology‐driven approach using IoT‐based Remote Monitoring Systems (IoT‐RMS). This research seeks to redefine patient engagement by examining how Internet of Things (IoT) technologies can impact healthcare management and patient–provider interactions at different phases. Additionally, it presents the relationship between patient engagement stages and IoT‐RMS, which promotes patients' active participation using technological health management tools. The study emphasizes that IoT‐RMS improves patient engagement, organized into three main stages: enabling, engaging, and empowering. This approach shows how technological progress encourages patient involvement and empowerment, leading to improved health results and personalized care. A systematic review and narrative analysis of Web of Science (WOS), Scopus databases, IEEE, and PubMed yielded 1832 studies regarding patient engagement and technology. Despite the optimistic findings, the article highlights the need for more research to evaluate the durability of technology interventions and long‐term effectiveness.