bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AFTA DAN PENINGKATAN LIBERALISASI AKSES PASAR JASA KOREA DAN INDONESIA PADA MODA COMMERCIAL PRESENCE
Authors: Herlitah Herlitah
Published: December 2017

This study aims to measure the degree of liberalization of the services sector in Korea and Indonesia Mode 3(CommercialPresence)in the WTO and cooperation as well as test singnifikansi AKFTA improvement. The method used to measure the level of liberalization is Hoekman index and the average difference test with t-test was used for testing out sigfikansi increased liberalization between the two countries of the WTO to AKFTA. The results showed that Korea has been more liberal than in Indonesia on the second of this cooperation. In cooperation WTO, Korea open as many as 104 sub-sectors with an average level of liberalization of 0.53 (scale 1), while Indonesia only open as many as 56 sub-sectors with an average index of 0.18. In cooperation AKFTA, Korea increase the number of sub-sectors to 147 with price liberalization level of 0.76. The number of sub-sectors of Indonesia also increased to 72 with an average level of liberalization of 0.22. Increasing the number of sub-sectors and the level of liberalization of Korea and Indonesia from the WTO to AKFTA based on the t-statistic is significant at the 5% level. This means that both countries berliberalisasi significantly to liberalize the services sector.

Keywords: Trade in Services, Improved Rate Liberalization, WTO, AKFTA
EFFECT OF INTEREST RATE, INFLATION AND NATIONAL INCOME TO RUPIAH THE AMERICAN DOLLARS IN 2006-2016
Authors: Mustaqim Muhammad Irsyad , Mukhtar Saparuddin , Sariwulan Tuty
Published: December 2017

This research aims to analyze the effect of interest rates, inflation and national income against the rupiah exchange rate over the US dollar. As for the data used in this research is secondary data, with this type of time series data in the period 2006-2016 obtained from Bank Indonesia and the World Bank. The method of this research method using exposé facto. Data analysis techniques used in this research is the analysis of multiple regression. By using multiple regression analysis model, the output shows that interest rates (X 1) positive and significant effect of the exchange rate of the rupiah against the US dollar up (Y). Inflation rate (X 2) do not affect the exchange rate of the rupiah significantly to top u.s. dollars (Y). National income (X 3) a positive effect of the exchange rate of the rupiah against the US dollar up (Y). Of test results by looking at their significance value F = 0.000 then it can be said to be 0.05 < simultaneously interest rates, inflation and national income effect significant at α = 5% against the rupiah exchange rate over the US dollar in the year 2006-2016. The value of the coefficient of determination (R2) acquired for 0.660 has a sense that the rupiah exchange rate over the US dollar can be explained by the level of interest rates, inflation and national income amounted to 66% while the rest is explained by other factors that do not exist in the model for this research.
Kepemimpinan Intrapreneurship, Budaya Sekolah dan Kinerja Inovasi Guru
Authors: Wibowo Agus , Saptono Ari
Published: December 2017

This article aims to determine the relationship intrapreneurial leadership, school culture and innovation performance of elementary school teachers in East Jakarta. This research uses survey method with correlation approach. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between intrapreneurial leadership and school culture on teacher innovation performance of elementary school in East Jakarta where the result of double correlation coefficient test (Ry.12) = 0,885 and F count (F Change) = 266,395, and p -value = 0,000 <0.05, and While the coefficient of determination (R square) = 0,784, which means that the intrapreneurial leadership (X1) and school culture (X2) together influence 78,4% to the performance of innovation (Y).
Keywords: Intrapreneurial Leadership, School Culture, Teacher's Innovation Performance
Analisis Pencapaian Strategi Menggunakan Balanced Scorecard
Authors: Alimudin Arasy
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this research is measurement strategy achievement of public education office of surabaya city using Balanced Scorecard as a measurement tool based on financial perspective, internal business process perspective, customer perspective, and learning and growth perspective. The research approach used is descriptive qualitative  by using the method of observation and interview and then analyzed by giving an overview of the performance of the strategy undertaken and explain systematically. The stages of the analysis include weighting performance to measure the number of indexes, which consists of Major Performance Indicator Achievement Index (IKU), Strategic Target Value (NSS), Performance Perspective Value (NKP), Unit Performance Value (NKU). Based on the achievement of strategy using balanced scorecard on the strategy used by Surabaya Education Department in improving the quality of education in Surabaya has been achieved well this is indicated by the achievement of Unit Performance Value of 102.31% which means it has met the target set 100%.

 Keyword :Strategy Achievement, Balanced Scorecard, Performance
Pengetahuan Anggota Korps Sukarela Palang Merah Indonesia (KSR PMI) Unit Universitas Negeri Jakarta Mengenai Penanganan Cedera Olahraga
Authors: Listiyanto Dela , Purba Ruliando Hasea , Pelana Ramdan
Published: December 2017

Abstrak: Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk Mengetahui Pengetahuan Anggota Korps Sukarela Palang Merah Indonesia (KSR PMI) Unit Universitas Negeri Jakarta Mengenai Penanganan Cedera Olahraga.

Penelitian ini dilakukan di seketariat Jl. Rawamangun Muka, Kampus A UNJ Gd. G Lantai 1 No.103 Jakarta Timur 13220.  Pada tanggal 1 Juni 2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan teknik survey penyebaran angket sebagai instrumen dalam pengumpulan data, sampel yang digunakan yaitu seluruh anggota aktif Korps Sukarela Palang Merah Indonesia (KSR PMI) Unit Unversitas Negeri Jakarta Tahun 2016 yang berjumlah 35 orang, pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan teknik total sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner yang di gunakan berbentuk pernyataan dengan menggunakan Skala Guttman.

Hasil penelitian menunjukan: Anggota Korps Sukarela Palang Merah Indonesia (KSR PMI) Unit Universitas Negeri Jakarta memiliki Pengetahuan Mengenai Penanganan Cedera Olahraga menujukan sebesar 29 anggota memiliki pengetahuan yang baik, sebanyak 6 anggota memilki pengetahuan cukup, Nilai Rata-Rata Pengetahuan Anggota KSR PMI Unit UNJ 79% memiliki pengetahuan yang baik.

Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan, Anggota Korps Sukarela Palang Merah Indonesia (KSR PMI) Unit UNJ, Cedera Olahraga
Simple methods of voltage dip tracking– case study
Authors: Tarasiuk Tomasz
Published: December 2017

The paper presents results of an experimental study of two methods of voltage dip tracking. The first is based on half cycle absolute
peak value monitoring, whereas the second is based on low-pass filtration of squares of voltage samples. Both methods are devised
for application in low-cost integrated circuits, dedicated to power quality monitoring. The two real voltage dips have been considered
for the aim. The results are compared with the reference method recommended in IEC Std. 61000-4-30, based on calculation of the
r.m.s. voltage refreshed each half cycle. Further, the application of the low-pass method for assessment small voltage variations is
considered, both short term (r.m.s. voltage refreshed each half cycle) and long term (r.m.s. voltage calculated over 10 cycles of voltage
fundamental component). The research confirmed sufficient accuracy of the method based on low-pass filtering for the class A of
measurement.
Assessment of Mass Comparator Sensitivity
Authors: Müller-Schöll Christian
Published: December 2017

For the calibration of weight pieces, the evaluation of comparator sensitivity and its associated uncertainty component is essential.
Yet, there is not much documented guidance on how to assess these values. This paper proposes a procedure for assessing, evaluating
and optimizing mass comparator sensitivity.
Reducing the uncertainty of strain gauge amplifier calibration
Authors: Hiti Miha
Published: December 2017

The article presents a method for calibration of strain gauge bridge amplifiers with improved uncertainty in low voltage ratio range. The procedure is based on combining traditional calibration of the amplifier at one point and linearity determination of the rest of the range. Traditional calibration is performed by a calibrated strain gauge bridge simulator at a reference value where measurement uncertainty is adequate, and the linearity is determined by a combinatorial calibration method with lower uncertainty, employing a special resistance circuit. Uncertainty in the lower part of the amplifier range can be significantly improved, resulting in a combined relative standard uncertainty below 2.5x10-5 for the range from 0.04 mV/V to 2.5 mV/V.
A root cause analysis and a risk evaluation of PV balance of system failures
Authors: Cristaldi Loredana , Khalil Mohamed , Soulatintork Payam
Published: December 2017

The Photovoltaic (PV) system is divided mainly into two subsystems; PV modules and a Balance of System (BoS) subsystems. This work shows two approaches for a reliability analysis on the subsystem level of aBoS: Failure mode effects criticality analysis (FMECA) and a Markov Process. FMECA concerns the root causes of failures and introduces prioritization numbers to highlight critical components of a BoS. Meanwhile, a Markov process is a reliability methodology that aims to predict the probability of success and failure of a BoS. In this way, a Markov process is a supportive tool for helping decision-makers to judge the criticality of failures associated with the operation of PV systems. Results show that the PV inverter contributes significantly to the failures of a BoS. Accordingly, further investigations are conducted on a PV inverter to prioritize the maintenance activities by determining the risk priority number of its component failures through quantitative CA. The novelty of the proposed methodologies stems from analyzing the roots of failure causes of BoS components and estimating the probability of failure of these components in order to improve the early development of a BoS, enhance maintenance management, and satisfy the demanding reliability by electric utilities.
Surface resistance of ESD-protected worksurfaces—measurement, modelling and estimation considerations
Authors: Kemény Zsolt , Viharos Zsolt János , Kis Krisztián Balázs , Csontos Róbert , Kovács Tamás , Németh Kornél
Published: December 2017

The prevention of electrostatic discharge (ESD) is of crucial importance in the electronics industry, and surfaces of workstations have to be of specific resistance for effective ESD protection. The paper presents results of an R&D project which investigated the—so far rarely researched—dependence of worksurface resistance on ambient conditions and surface contamination. Upon examination of known and assumed dependencies, measurement and instrumentation are outlined, relying on existing automated facility management, autonomous devices, and manual measurement/logging. Further parts of the paper report on an analysis of the data obtained, as well as their use in building models of surface resistance, employing feature selection metaheuristics applied in combination with artificial neural networks. Surface resistance models built with approximately one year’s worth of measurement data yielded estimations with 12 % average relative error, and showed that surface resistance can be estimated relying on data that can be obtained by contactless and remote measurement, without immediate interference with work processes.
A new system for the measurement of gripping force based on scattering
Authors: Becchetti Matteo , Marsili Roberto , Cannella Ferdinando , Garinei Alberto
Published: December 2017

The measurement of contact pressure of human fingers is very important to understand human perceptual mechanisms, that is the main goal of most of the neuroscientific studies. It may also lead to a correct development of tactile devices and haptic systems, as they are intended to convey controllable and effective stimuli.
<span style="font-family: 'Garamond','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-GB">In this work, an optical measurement system based on Frustrated Total Internal Reflection (FTIR) is proposed for the measurement of the pressure distribution on the contact area between a human finger and a flat surface. The feasibility study performed shows that the tested sensor can be effectively used for the measurement of the fingertip contact pressure both on static and dynamic conditions.
Affordable evaluation of low frequency electric fields from the standpoint of Directive 2013/35/EU
Authors: Salceanu Alexandru , Lunca Eduard , Paulet Marius
Published: December 2017

Since the 1st of July 2016, the Directive 2013/35/ EU on the employees’ health protection in terms of non-ionizing electromagnetic
radiations acquired the force of law.
An accessible methodology for the characterization of a workspace is proposed here, in terms of exposure to low-frequency electric fields.

Firstly, the means whereby an external electric field can induce electrical processes in the human body are presented, followed by a comparative summary of differently expressed exposure levels (ICNIRP, European Directive, IEEE-ICES).

Further on two electric field sensors are presented that can easily be hand-crafted in any laboratory, useful for extending the capabilities of a budget, low-frequency handheld spectrum analyzer. A realistic exposure metric is developed that cumulates the influence of all E-fields in the environment. A case study is presented on the cumulative assessment of exposure to low frequency electric fields produced in a laboratory-class where a network of 16 computers was working.

A simple numerical approach based on FEMM 4.2 has also been developed for evaluating the E-field produced by overhead high voltage transmission lines.

This paper is an extended version of the original contribution to the IMEKO TC 4 2016 symposium in Budapest, Hungary.
Knee Arthrodesis in a Patient with Charcot Neuroarthropathy Secondary to Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy
Authors: Rebelo Tiago , Morais João , Agostinho Francisco , Abrantes Ana , Simões Nuno , Simões Inês
Published: December 2017

Case:

We report a rare case of severe Charcot neuroarthropathy of the knee secondary to familial amyloid polyneuropathy, which was treated surgically with a knee arthrodesis. This treatment allowed an early symptomatic and functional improvement and a short consolidation time without any major complications.

Conclusion:

Neuropathy is the earliest and most major burden in patients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy; it requires careful evaluation and adequate treatment aimed at preventing or slowing the progression of secondary damage, involving Charcot neuroarthropathy, that may occur. Surgical arthrodesis with antegrade intramedullary nailing may be appropriate in a patient with severe Charcot neuroarthropathy of the knee.
Retracted : Pemasaran Syariah di Lembaga Keuangan Mikro Islam: Konsep Dan Implementasi Di Puskopsyah DIY
Authors: Adinugraha Hendri Hermawan
Published: December 2017

Following a rigorous, carrefully concered review of the  article published in Perisai Islamic Banking and Finance Journal to article entitled “Pemasaran Syariah di Lembaga Keuangan Mikro Islam: Konsep dan Implementasi di Puskopsyah D.I. Yogyakarta” Vol.1, No.3, pp. 180-199, October 2017, DOI Link: http://doi.org/10.21070/perisai.v1i3.969
This paper has been found to be in violation of the Perisai Islamic Banking and Finance Journal and has been retracted.
The article contained redudant material, the editor investigated and found that the paper published in An-Nisbah Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, Vol.4 No.1, DOI Link:1http://dx.doi.org/0.21274/an.2017.4.1.25-50.
The document and its content has been removed from Perisai Islamic Banking and Finance Journal, and reasonable effort should be made to remove all references to the article.
Alternate livelihood development for ‘Aila’ affected tribal people through aquaculture in Bali Island of the Sunderban, West Bengal, India
Authors: Chakrabarti P. P. , Ghosh A. , Mohapatra B. C. , Barik N. K. , Das A. , Kumar K. , Mondal S. C. , Majhi D. , Mistry A. , Jayasankar P.
Published: December 2017

The concept of “biofloc technology” is changing the facet of intensive aquaculture with scope to attain high productivity in a sustainable manner. In biofloc, dense heterotrophic bacterial community is developed through C:N ratio manipulation, where the system becomes bacterial dominated rather than algae dominated and takes care of the wastes generated through in situ bioremediation. Protein is utilised in two ways; as feed for the shrimp and as microbial floc when the heterotrophic microbes convert the nitrogenous wastes into protein. It also promises a healthy rearing system, which is increasingly identified as one possible solution for disease problems especially those striking at early stages. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of biofloc and periphyton technology (BPT) on the growth and immunomodulatory performance of Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei during nursery and grow-out culture. The experimental BPT treatments with three tier substrate system with molasses as carbohydrate (CHO) source were compared with the conventional autotrophic system. The immunomodulation and cumulative percentage mortality upon challenge with pathogenic strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were assessed in the reared animals. We have successfully demonstrated the BPT based nursery and growout systems for P. vannamei with the advantage of providing significantly (p<0.05) better growth (27.6% improvement in average body weight, ABW) and feed utilisation (31% improvement in feed conversion ratio, FCR). A production level of 4-4.5 kg m-3 of water was achieved through this BPT system registering a significant improvement over the conventional system (p<0.05). The cumulative percentage mortality following pathogen challenge was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the biofloc grown shrimps compared to that of the control group, thus showing better resistance to pathogenic challenge. Furthermore, the biofloc reared shrimp did exhibit significant improvement in non-specific immune response in terms of serum phenoloxidase activity and total haemocyte counts possibly suggesting potential immunostimulatory role of the biofloc associated heterotrophic bacteria. This eco-based technology as revealed through our studies brings substantial improvement in productivity, minimising water requirement, recycling in situ nutrients and organic matter in turn improving farm biosecurity, augmentation of natural food, improvement of FCR and better health of the cultured shrimp.
Design and development of an automatic feeder for Penaeus vannamei culture
Authors: Nila Rekha P. , Ambasankar K. , Stanline S. , Sethuraman K. , Syamadayal J. , Panigrahi A. , Guruvasagam Kumara
Published: December 2017

The introduction of Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931, during 2009 opened up a new vista in Indian aquaculture. Presently, 90% of shrimp farming in the country is contributed by P. vannamei. The potential productivity level is around 10-12 t ha-1 and handling the feed during the course of culture increases considerably especially towards the end of culture period. This calls for automation in shrimp farming especially for feeding practices so that labour problem faced by the industry could be solved. The biosecurity requirement for vannamei farming can also be best met with the use of automatic feeders. The present study attempted designing and development of an indigenous automatic feeder for P. vannamei culture. The feeder design comprised four major components viz., feed hopper, distribution mechanism, a control unit for regulating the quantity and frequency of feeding and the power supply unit. Automation is effected through two timers with a digital display so that dispensing of the feed as well as duration of feeding could be easily adjusted by the farmers. Performance evaluation of the automatic feeder was done exhaustively and the results clearly showed that the maximum dispersion distance was 39 m dia and the maximum quantity of feed dispersed was 620 g in 5 sec. On farm evaluation of the feeder was also carried out in a shrimp pond and the installation height was optimised as approximately 75 cm - 1 m from the water level for facilitating better dispersion of the feed.
Evaluation of different probiotic strains for growth performance and immunomodulation in Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931
Authors: Sundaram M. , Panigrahi A. , Ganesh J. , Nila Rekha P. , Sivagnanam S. , Rajamanickam S. , Gopal C.
Published: December 2017

The use of antibiotics in aquaculture can prevent certain diseases, however, its use is highly restricted due to several environmental and human health problems like development of antibacterial resistance. Probiotics are widely used for improving production of aquatic animals by means of improving water quality as well as by nutritional and immune modulation in animals thus, helping in preventing diseases. The present study was aimed to evaluate different strains of probiotics viz., a commercial probiotic, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus sp., Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces boulardii on the growth, microbial load and immunomodulatory performance of the Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei. Seven probiotic feeds each containing 5 x 109 CFU ml-1 of respective probiotics kg-1 of feed were prepared by top coating on apellet feed containing 35% protein and duration of the experiment was 75 days. All of the 6 selected strains of probiotics except the commercial one influenced the growth significantly when fed to the shrimp, compared to control group. Specific growth rate (SGR), average daily growth (ADG) and survival rate were observed to be higher in probiotic fed groups. Maximum growth was recorded in S. cerevisiae fed groups (8.05±0.21 g), followed by B. subtilis (7.65±0.21 g), while the control animals showed an average growth of 4.85±0.49 g with percentage improvement in the range of 50-95% when compared to all other treatments. Totalheterotrophic count significantly (p<0.05) increased in the rearing water of B. subtilis treated group (8.995± 0.021 x 103 cfu ml-1) when compared to that of control (5.475± 0.003 X 103 cfu ml-1) and total vibrio load was greatly reduced in B. subtilis (1.42 ± 0.04 x 103 cfu ml-1) and S. cerevisiae (1.47 ± 0.01 x 103 cfu ml-1) treated water compared to control (4.265 ± 0.06 x 103 cfu ml-1). Nonspecific immunity in terms of total haemocyte count (THC) was found to be significantly (p<0.05) higher in B. subtilis (12.4±0.8 106 cells ml-1) treated group while higher (p<0.05) prophenoloxidase (pro PO) activity was recorded in S.  erevisiae (0.132±0.001 units min-1 mg protein-1) and B. subtilis (0.130±0.002 units min-1 mg protein-1) treated groups. The probiotic effect was found to be beneficial for better growth and immunomodulation, which was however found to be strain-specific.
Relationship between antioxidative potential and amino acids composition of the bioactive peptides prepared from Indian squid Uroteuthis (Photololigo) duvaucelii (d’Orbigny, 1835) using alcalase
Authors: Parthiban Fathiraja , Shakila Robinson Jeya , Jeyasekaran Geevaretnam , Shalini Rajendran
Published: December 2017

Biopeptides derived from fish protein hydrolysates are gaining popularity as active ingredients in functional foods. In this study, squid protein hydrolysates (SPH) prepared from Uroteuthis (Photololigo) duvaucelii, using alcalase and their biopeptides fractionated using ultrafiltration were investigated for their antioxidant properties in relation to the changes intheir amino acid profiles. Squid mantle hydrolysed within 30 min with a degree of hydrolysis (DH) of 13.7%. SPH had 89% 2, 2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) inhibition, 94% 2, 2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonicacid) (ABTS) inhibition and 96% hydroxyl inhibition at 10 mg ml-1 concentration. In the squid peptides, DPPH inhibition increased with the decrease in the molecular size of peptides from 51% to 95% (3 Ka), ABTS radical inhibition was <42% for peptideswith >5KDa size and >95% for peptides with <5KDa. Hydroxyl radical inhibition increased from 75-98% with decrease in molecular size. Increase in glycine, alanine, leucine and taurine was noticed in peptides with MW <5KDa along with a decrease in methionine and arginine. Histidine, asparagine and tyrosine had also contributed to the activities of peptides with MW 3-5 KDa sizes. This study indicated that peptides with MW <5KDa had more free radicals scavenging activities with more hydrophobic amino acids, tyrosine and taurine which are mainly responsible for antioxidative properties. Therefore, squid peptides with MW <5KDa prepared using alcalase have potential to serve as nutraceuticals.
Food and feeding habits of the narrow barred Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus commerson (Lacepede, 1800) off Karnataka, south-west coast of India
Authors: Rajesh K. M. , Rohit P. , Thomas S. , Suprabha V. , Nataraja G. D. , Sampathkumar G.
Published: December 2017

Scomberomorus commerson were collected on weekly basis during January 2012 to December 2014 at Mangalore Fishing Harbour. Stomach of 214 narrow barred Spanish mackerel measuring from 48 to 105 cm fork length (FL) for males and 45.5 to 115 cm FL for females were analysed to study their feeding habits. Fish with empty stomach were prevalent in almost all the months. Prey mainly comprised of fishes and crustaceans, with the fish component forming 99.9%. The index of relative importance (IRI) showed that the dominant prey were semi-digested fish remains (44.6%) of Sardinella longiceps (30.1%), Decapterus sp. (18.7%), whitebaits (2.5%), Rastrelliger kanagurta (1.5%) and Epinephelus spp. (1.1%), while Saurida sp. (0.7%), Megalaspis cordyla (0.5%), Scombroides sp. (0.2%) and shrimps (0.1%) were found occasionally in the gut. Index of stomach fullness (SFI) was 0.11 in August and 0.65 in January. Generally, SFI was higher during September to January and lower during February to August. The empty stomach ratio (ESR) ranged from 33.3% (August) to 92.3% (April).
Ehinoid landings at Mandapam, south-east coast of India with a note on gonadal maturity of two species of sea urchins
Authors: Saravanan R. , Jawahar P. , Francis T. , Ahilan B. , Santhakumar R. , Gopakumar G.
Published: December 2017

The sea urchins, belonging to phylum Echinodermata, are a good source of “roe”, (gonads) and are being consumed by humans since pre-historic times. In many countries of the world, it is a delicacy among the food items and in retail markets in Japan, it is sold at prices as high as US$ 600 kg-1. Among the 800 species of echinoids, 105 species are found along the east coast of India and 30 species are recorded along the coast of Tamil Nadu. There is a paucity of information on the biology and ecology of sea urchins and lack of studies on its edibility and palatability. The sea urchin aquaculture called as echiniculture is picking up in subtropics and temperate areas. Importantly, the tropical marine ecosystem of India, which supports diverse flora and fauna is a suitable environment for echiniculture, and the future research needs to be focused to find out the potential species and developing techniques for their aquaculture. The present investigation analysed the landings of echinoderms in the Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay along the south-east coast of India and also studied the gonadal maturity of two species of sea urchins viz., Salmacis virgulata and Temnopleurus toreumaticus in order to assess their suitability for echiniculture. S. virgulata and T. toreumaticus formed 70 and 30% respectively of the sea urchins landings at Vedalai and Pampan landing centres. The overall sex ratio of both the species did not deviate significantly from 1:1. In S. virgulata the mean monthly gonad index was highest (9.62±0.46) during September 2014 and for T. toreumaticus, the peak GSI was observed during December 2013. Further studies on captive maturation and breeding are needed to explore the potential of these species for echiniculture.
Protein sparing capability of carbohydrate in fringed-lipped carp Labeo fimbriatus (Bloch, 1795)
Authors: Kathane Y. M. , Sahu B. , Mohanta K. N. , Nanda S. , Patra S. K. , Samantaray K.
Published: December 2017

The study was undertaken to examine the capability of carbohydrate to spare protein in the diet of fringed lipped carp, Labeo fimbriatus (2.93 g±0.15). Three semi-purified experimental diets of iso-caloric nature were formulated having three graded levels of protein (27, 23 and 19% CP) and three levels of carbohydrate (26, 31.5 and 37% CHO). Accordingly, the treatments were designated as T1 (27% CP and 26% CHO), T2 (23% CP and 31.5% CHO) and T3 (19% CP and 37% CHO), where the experimental diet T1 served as the reference diet. The fish were reared in 200 l fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) tanks under continuous aeration with one third water exchanged daily. After 90 days of feeding trial, it was noticed that the percentage weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) of 27% protein fed group (209.5±0.74% and 1.26±0.15%) and 23% protein fed group (204.8±0.52% and 1.24±0.13%) were not significantly different (p>0.05). Similarly, the results of feed performance like feed conversion ratio (FCR) among 27% protein fed group (2.24±0.11) and 23% protein fed group (2.29±0.14) did not vary significantly (p>0.05). On the other hand, the protein efficiency ratio (PER) and protein productive value (PPV) of 23% protein fed group (1.87±0.11 and 28.34±0.36) did not vary significantly (p>0.05) with the 19% protein fed group (1.93±0.12 and 27.65±0.32). The carcass protein (CP) and lipid (as ether extract,EE) content of 27% protein fed group and 23% protein fed group were not significantly different (p>0.05). Results of this study indicate that the CP level in the diet of fringed-lipped carp L. fimbriatus can be reduced from 27 to 23% by proportionately increasing carbohydrate level from 26 to 31.5% without compromising growth and also without any adverse physiological effect.
Nutritional enrichment of rotifer Brachionus plicatilis and its effect on clownfish larvae Amphiprion clarkii (Bennett, 1830)
Authors: Ghosh Swagat , Ajith Kumar T. T. , Das Ghosh Bandana , Sahu N. C.
Published: December 2017

The present study, evaluated the effect of enrichment of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis with the microalga Nannochloroposis salina, amino acid derivative L-carnitine and commercially available S-presso (SELCO). The study also evaluated the effect of enriched rotifers in larval rearing of Amphiprion clarkii in terms of metamorphosis, pigmentation, growth and survival of larvae.. Rotifer production increased by 43, 39 and 54% respectively in B. plicatilis enriched with different concentrations of L-carnitine at 1, 10 and 100 mg l-1 on day 4 (p<0.001) in comparison with the control group maintained on algal diet alone. Total unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA, HUFA and n-3 fatty acids) and the ratios of n-3/ n-6, DHA/EPA, EPA/AA were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the L-carnitine treated rotifers compared with the S-presso enriched as well N. salina enriched groups. Larvae of A. clarkii, fed with L-carnitine enriched rotifer achieved maximum growth of 56.92±0.2 mg; whereas, those fed S-presso treated rotifers attained only 48.74±1 mg. In L-carnitine enrichment; metamorphosis of clown fish larvae took only 10 days, while it took 11 days and 10 days respectively in S-presso and N. salina enrichment. In L-carnitine and S-presso enrichments, initial pigmentation of larvae was observed within first 3-4 days of culture, whereas it took 4-5 days in N. salina enrichment. L-carnitine enrichment resulted in the highest survival of 70%, followed by N. salina with 68% and S-presso enriched group with 52%. The results indicate that L-carnitine could be a recommendable enrichment for increasing rotifer production as well as for clown fish larval culture.
Effect of thermal power plant effluent on the physico-chemical parameters of Thoothukudi coastal waters, South India
Authors: Suresh Shelarpiyusha , Padmavathy P. , Srinivasan A. , Karal Marx K.
Published: December 2017

The coolant water discharge area of a thermal power plant in Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu was investigated to elucidate the changes in the coastal water and sediment quality characteristics. Water and sediment samples were collected from three different stations namely station I (about 900 m away from coolant water discharge point), station II (about 1250 m away from discharge point) and station III (about 1600 m away from discharge point) and analysed for the various physico-chemical parameters. The dissolved oxygen level increased with increasing distance from the discharge point i.e., from station I to III, whereas the temperature values showed decreasing trend. Concentration of ammonia, nitrite, nitrate and phosphate were found in the decreasing order from station I, II and III. Accumulation of heavy metals was in the order of Al > Fe > Cu > Zn in the water samples and found slightly higher than the standards prescribed by European countries. The exchangeable phosphorus fraction appeared as the first major contributor among the different fractions of total sedimentary phosphorus. This study clearly explains that the effluent discharge in adjoining coastal waters affects the water and sediment quality.
Economics of ornamental fish farming industry in Madurai District, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Umamaheswari T. , Rajakumar M. , Chidambaram P.
Published: December 2017

India has enormous potential for the development of ornamental fish business. Although the country has conducive environmental conditions for breeding and culture of ornamental fishes, its share in export of ornamental fishes is less than 1%. The present study was undertaken to address the constraints prevailing in ornamental fish farming. Study was carried out among 44 ornamental fish farms in Madurai District, Tamil Nadu by adopting random sampling technique. The selected farms were classified into small (<0.5 ha) and medium farms (0.5-2 ha) and the data were collected by personally interviewing the fish farmers. The study attempted to analyse the socio-economic characteristics of respondents, existing supply chain, constraints involved in ornamental fish farming, annual revenue loss due to major constraints, treatment cost and expected profit margin. Various constraints were classified as production, marketing and others and were ranked using Garrett ranking technique. Tabular and percentage analyses were used to estimate the cost of treatment, revenue loss and expected profit margin. Four types of marketing channels were observed in the study area. Disease outbreak was found to be the major constraint faced by the farmers and hence, the revenue loss was estimated for the same. The annual revenue loss was found to be higher for the small ornamental units when compared to medium farms, which showed higher profit margin than small ornamental fish farms.
Fishers’ perception on co-operative services and willingness-to-pay (WTP) for improved fish marketing services at Njarakkal, Ernakulam District, Kerala
Authors: Jeyanthi P. , Chandrasekar V. , Gopal Nikita
Published: December 2017

Fishermen co-operatives play a vital role in providing services which are uniform in nature. But, the perception of fishermen regarding co-operative services is generally subjective. This study assessed the fishermens’ perception at Njarakkal, Ernakulam District, Kerala, regarding the services of co-operatives. It was found from the results that 90% of respondents strongly agreed that they were earning profit by selling fish through co-operatives. More than 80% accepted that co-operatives were the best credit source, binding the fishermen and improving standard of living. About 50% felt that co-operatives had no role in fisheries management. Besides provision of credit, fish auctioning is an important service rendered by fishermen co-operatives. It has been felt that there is lack of proper infrastructure facilities, especially cold storage facility in the domestic fish marketing system. The willingness-to-pay for improved marketing services at Njarakkal, was also evaluated during this study. The willingness-to-pay for setting up cold storage facility was assessed using logistic model. Results revealed that 65% of respondents are willing-to-pay for the cold storage facility. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that member’s satisfaction regarding co-operative activities is the most significant factor which decides their willingness-to-pay for the improved marketing services.
TUNGAU PURU (Eryophyes gastroticus Nalepa) PADA UBIJALAR DAN TEKNOLOGI PENGENDALIANNYA
Authors: Indiati S. W.
Published: December 2017

Gall mites Eryophyes gastroticus is a pest of sweet potato in dry season and has spread in some production centers in Indonesia. The symptoms of the attack is characterized by galls on leaf, petiole and stem, with a narrow hole at the top of the galls. Estimated yield loss caused by the pest was accounted 11%. On the other hand, the gall mite attacks decrease the quality of stem cuttings as a planting material. The use of gall-free cuttings, sanitation, setting planting time; mechanical control, and using chemical or botanical pesticides, either in combination or a single application are suggested to control the pest.

Keywords: Sweet potato, gall mites, Eryophyes gastroticus, control

 

ABSTRAK

Tungau puru (gall mite) merupakan hama ubi jalar pada musim kemarau dan telah menyebar di berbagai sentra produksi ubi jalar di Indonesia. Gejala serangan ditandai dengan terbentuknya puru atau benjolan pada daun, tangkai daun, dan batang dengan bagian ujung puru terdapat lubang kecil. Serangan tungau puru menurunkan hasil ubi jalar sekitar 11%. Selain menurunkan hasil umbi, serangan puru juga menyebabkan petani sulit memperoleh setek sehat sebagai bahan perbanyakan tanaman. Tungau puru dapat dikendalikan dengan memadukan beberapa komponen pengendalian, antara lain penggunaan setek batang bebas puru, sanitasi lingkungan, pengaturan waktu tanam, pengendalian mekanis, dan pengendalian dengan pestisida nabati ataupun kimia.

Kata kunci: Ubi jalar, tungau puru, Eryophyes gastroticus, pengendalian
The contribution of prosecutors to the failure of damage claims of victims in war crimes trials at the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Šimić Dr.Sc. Goran , Kazić MA. Ena
Published: December 2017

According to definition and laws, the role of the prosecutor is to represent public goods. In the cases of war crimes, that public good is not exhausted with criminal prosecution of the perpetrators of the criminal offences, but it also covers reparation of the damage to the victims. This is not part of the judiciary praxis of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Although there is a clear obligation to collect evidence that would support damage claims of the victims as prescribed in the Criminal Procedure Code of Bosnia and Herzegovina (CPCBH), in reality prosecutors fail to fulfill this obligation. In few cases, settled before the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina, where the court had awarded compensation to the victims of war crimes, merits for that are to be given to the victims who have, on their own initiative and with their own limited resources, hired attorneys and other experts who acted as prosecutors. To prevent this from happening in the future, having in mind hundreds of potential pending cases (with thousands of victims) waiting for trial, this practice needs to be changed. In that way, although mostly only declaratory in nature in criminal codes and during war crimes trials, more “realistic” and “humane” justice could be achieved for those directly affected by these crimes.
Between Secularism and State Support of Religious Communities: An (In)Equality Dilemma
Authors: Kadriu Dr.Sc. Bekim , Memeti Dr.Sc. Ardit
Published: December 2017

This paper discusses the concepts of ‘freedom of religion’ and ‘secularism’ in the context of the situation in Macedonia. It argues that State policies to support dominant religion(s) are not in coherence with the Constitution, the principle of equality and secularism, as well as the applicable international human rights standards. Having in mind that R. Macedonia is a secular State and that there is solid non-discrimination legislation in place, it is of interest to investigate whether such policy approaches are discriminatory. Such developments may threaten the principle of secularism, human rights and stability in a fragile multi-ethnic and multi-religious country such as R. of Macedonia.In terms of methodology, this paper primarily focuses on the use of the normative and the empirical method. These methods are especially of use in the part where the existing legal framework in the domestic and international law is analyzed in regard to the various practices challenging the principles of secularism and equality before the law. In addition, this paper also focuses on the various reports in order to discuss and address relevant perceptions to such practices. This article consists of four parts. Introductory remarks are provided in section I. Section II explores the notions of secularism and equality before the law. Section III explores the various institutional practices such as: religious instruction in public schools; building of religious objects with State funding and support; non-registration of religious communities; and practicing religious ceremonies in public institutions. Finally, section IV offers concluding remarks and comments.
Physical and legal defects of animals in the light of normative acts
Authors: Babińska Izabella , Szarek Józef , Naumowicz Karolina , Felsmann Mariusz Z. , Sołtyszewski Ireneusz , Dzikowski Andrzej
Published: December 2017

In a manner accessible to non-lawyers the study shows animals as a subject of the contract of sale in the light of the Polish civil law. This knowledge appears to be useful for a veterinary surgeon during the sale of animals in terms of the clinical examination both in determining their condition and health as well as their defects. The paper interprets the dependency of diagnosed defects in the perspective of a contract of sale. The article presents basic knowledge in the range of a veterinarian as a clinician and expert. It presents the knowledge about the physical and legal defects of animals based on the norms of the civil code and other Polish normative acts..
Avian central clocking system
Authors: Prusik Magdalena
Published: December 2017

In birds many life processes runs in diurnal (e.g. locomotor activity, feeding, melatonin secretion) and seasonal rhythms (e.g. reproduction, song, feathering, migration) depending on the environmental light and the activity of the central clock system (CCS). The structure and mechanisms of the activity of the avian CCS are the most complex among vertebrates. CCS consists of three oscillators (in the retina, SCN and pineal gland) possessing own sensory input system (photopigments) and effective output system (products for direct biological effects). So far in the CCS in birds 14 forms of photopigments (Opn1, Opn2, Opn3, TMT, Opn4x, Opn4m, Opn5, RGR, RRH, VA-opsins, pinopsin, Cry1, Cry2 i Cry4) and 12 clock genes making up oscillators (Bmal1, Bmal2, Clock, NPas2 called also Mop4 and Rorα – positive genes and Cry1, Cry2, Cry4, Per2, Per3, E4bp4 and Rev-erbα – negative genes) have been described. Photopigments are placed in all layers of the retina; in brain - mainly in regions of nuclei: septalis lateralis, premammillaris, habenularis and paraventricularis; in the pineal gland - in all kinds of pinealocytes. Most photopigments belonging to the opsin family are linked with nucleotide phototransduction path, typical for vertebrates, but in avian CCS also phosphoinositol phototransduction path, characteristic for invertebrates, is existing and concerns Opn4x and Opn5. Oscilators are placed in nuclei of cells of all layers of the retina, in mSCN and vSCN (with great species variability) and in pinealocytes. It is supposing, that all nonvisual photopigments have a direct role in the synchronization of the oscillator activity with the environmental light, but molecular mechanisms of the interaction between photopigments and the oscillator remain unknown. The impact of each of the three oscillators of CCS in generating of biological rhythms in birds show great species differentiation. The differences concern both the domination of one of oscillators over the others and the assignation of biological processes which individual oscillator synchronizes rhythmically with the environmental light..
Myocardium protection against ischemic-reperfusion injury by nitric oxide supplied to the extracorporeal circulation line during cardiopulmonary bypass (experimental study)
Authors: Kamenshchikov N. , Mandel I. , Podoksenov Yu. , Mikheev S. , Sementsov S. , Maslov L. , Kozlov B. , Shipulin V.
Published: December 2017

Aim. The study was designed to assess the efficiency of exogenous nitric oxide supply to the extracorporeal circulation line for myocardial protection against ischemic-reperfusion injury in acute myocardial infarction simulation during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in the experiment. Methods. Acute ischemia was simulated in rabbits (n = 20) with subsequent myocardial reperfusion. All animals were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated through a nasotracheal tube. The experiment included occlusion of the left coronary artery by its clamping with a ligature for 45 min with subsequent reperfusion for 120 min during CPB. All animals were divided into 2 equal groups: 10 rabbits received nitric oxide supply to the extracorporeal circulation line in a dose of 40 ppm throughout the entire CPB period (the main group); 10 rabbits made up the control group. The ratio of the infarction area to the risk area was determined, and the quantity and nature of ventricular arrhythmias were accessed. Results. It was established that nitric oxide supply through the extracorporeal circulation line during CPB had a pronounced infarct-limiting effect, the infarct area to the risk area ratio decreased by 15% as compared to the control group, р = 0.0002. There was also a significant antiarrhythmic effect. A lesser quantity of polytopic and polymorphic ventricular extrasystoles were observed in the main group during periods of ischemia and reperfusion (p = 0.003 and p = 0.012). A statistically significant decrease in the venoarterial gradient of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the main group was associated with an increase in the urine flow rate amounting to 1.4 [1.3; 1.5] ml/kg/h in the main group and 1.15 [1; 1.3] ml/kg/h in the control group, p = 0.013. Conclusion. The data obtained during the experiment demonstrate the presence of cardioprotective properties of nitric oxide delivered to the extracorporeal circulation line when simulating myocardial ischemic-reperfusion injury. These properties manifest themselves as a 15% decrease of the infarction zone-risk area ratio, a fewer number of arrhythmias and improvement of tissue perfusion during CPB. Intraoperative myocardial protection by nitric oxide in patients operated with CPB should be the object of further clinical research.Received 19 June 2017. Revised 9 October 2017. Accepted 15 October 2017.Funding: The study did not have sponsorship.Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.Author contributions: All the authors comply with 4 ICMJE authorship criteria and contributed equally at every stage of the study.Acknowledgement: The authors express their gratitude to Ekaterina S. Tokareva and Aleksandra A. Nenakhova for support in preparation of the article.