bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydropluviometric variability in non-Sahelian West Africa: case of the Koliba/Corubal River Basin (Guinea and Guinea-Bissau)
Authors: Sambou Saly , Dacosta Honore , Diouf Rene Ndimag , Diouf Ibrahima , Kane Alioune
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The Koliba/Corubal River watershed is poorly documented due to the hydrometric measurements shutdown and gaps in the very short hydropluviometric timeseries. The purpose of this study is to analyze the variability of rainfall in the Basin, by simulating flows using the GR2M rain-flow model and extending the discharge timeseries. From the regional vector method, the rainfall timeseries were homogenized, and the gaps filled by the estimated values. The rank correlation and Pettitt test on annual rainfall amounts (1924–2015) indicate breaks in 1958, 1967 and 1969, leading to
rainfall deficits ranging from 9.7 % to 20.2 %. For some stations, the
segmentation method shows a recovery of rainfall towards the end of the
1980s (Gaoual, Mali) and the early 2000s (Gabu). The analysis of the temporal distribution of the Monthly Rainfall Coefficients shows an
improvement of the contributions of a few months during the period after rupture. From a hydrological point of view, the correlation between the mean annual rainfall and the runoff has allowed to extend the flow timeseries. The mean monthly rainfall calculated using the inverse square of distance method, the Potential Evapotranspiration, and the flow rates were used to calibrate and validate the model to determine the parameters that better transform rainfall in flow. The values of the Nash criteria close to 100 have made it possible to extend the monthly flow data from Koliba/Corubal to Gaoual, Cade and Tche-Tche until 2015.
Analysis of the specific water level of flood control and the threshold value of rainfall warning for small and medium rivers
Authors: Hu Yuzhong , Wang Zhaoxia , Zhou Bin , Jiang Shiqi
Published: September 2020

Abstract. In order to fully use the newly-built hydrologic stations in small and medium rivers for flood warning and prevention, based on the technical line of the investigation and evaluation of flash flood disasters, different historical flood information of the warning river section was investigated, while the elevations of riverain houses were measured. The relationship between the stations and affected population has been established for the study region. According to integrated flood control capability of riverside residents, the characteristic water levers and rainfall threshold values were determined in this case. The results indicate that the warning and safety levels are 54.0 and 55.3 m, respectively. The analysis results show that the warning should be issued when the net rainfall intensity is 70 mm h−1 or 110 mm for 6 h condition. And considering the effectiveness of disaster avoidance, variable characteristic water levers of the hydrologic station for flood warning in different village were determined on the basis of the flood control capability of each village. The relationship between hydrologic numerical value and inundating influence was established in a one-to-n way.
Operational flood forecasting and warning under the changing environment in China
Authors: Liu Zhiyu
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Flooding has been the most severe hazard in China from time immemorial, due
to its special geographical, climatic and socio-economic conditions. In
recent years, against the background of global climate change and rapid
urbanization, extreme hydro-meteorological events have obviously increased
in China, in turn affecting the sustainable social and economic development.
This paper analyses how modern flood risk management has evolved from the
early “build and protect” flood control approach to a broader flood risk
management approach by analyzing what has happened in China and the role of
major floods in this evolution. The development of flood forecasting models
and systems in terms of how they have informed decision-making as flood risk
management has evolved over the years. The challenging of recognizing and
dealing with forecast uncertainty and flood risk in decision-making is also
analyzed in the paper.
Seismic evidences of the COVID-19 lockdown measures: Eastern Sicily case of study
Authors: Cannata Andrea , Cannavò Flavio , Di Grazia Giuseppe , Aliotta Marco , Cassisi Carmelo , De Plaen Raphael S. M. , Gresta Stefano , Lecocq Thomas , Montalto Placido , Sciotto Mariangela
Published: September 2020

Abstract. During the COVID-19 pandemic, most countries worldwide put in place social interventions, consisting of restricting the mobility of citizens, aimed at slowing and mitigating the spread of the epidemic. In particular, Italy, as the first European country violently struck by the COVID-19 outbreak, applied a sequence of progressive restrictions to reduce both human mobility and human-to-human contacts from the end of February to mid-March 2020. Here, we analysed the seismic signatures of these lockdown measures in the densely populated Eastern Sicily, characterised by the presence of a permanent seismic network used for both seismic and volcanic monitoring. We specifically emphasize how the amount of the amplitude reduction of anthropogenic seismic noise (reaching ~50–60%), its temporal pattern and spectral content are strongly station-dependent. As for the latter, we exhibited that on average the frequencies above 10 Hz are the most influenced by the anthropogenic seismic noise. Finally, we found an impressive similarity between the temporal patterns of anthropogenic seismic noise and human mobility, as quantified by the mobile phone-derived data shared by Google, Facebook and Apple. These results further confirm how seismic data, routinely acquired worldwide for seismic and volcanic surveillance, can be used to monitor human mobility too.
Influence of Beef Cattle Stocking Density on Utilization of Vegetative Communities in a Late-Spring, Early-Summer Native Bunchgrass Prairie
Authors: Wyffels Samuel A , DelCurto Timothy
Published: September 2020

This study evaluated the influence of cattle stocking density on the use of botanical communities on a native bunchgrass prairie. In each of two years, 192 cow-calf pairs and 48 yearling heifers were randomly selected for the following grazing treatments: 1) control, no livestock grazing; 2) low stocking, 0.36 animal units (AU) ∙ ha-1; 3) moderate stocking, 0.72 AU ∙ ha-1; and 4) high stocking, 1.08 AU ∙ ha-1 for a 42-day grazing period. Thirty-six monitoring sites were established uniformly along a grid in each paddock. Standing crop and relative preference data for cattle collected from the treatment area were used to develop the following vegetation community classifications: 1) > 20% introduced; 2) > 40% native bunchgrass with > 50% Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis); 3) > 40% native bunch grass with < 50% Idaho fescue; 4) > 50% Forb; and 5) other. Utilization for each community type was collected at the end of the grazing period. High stocking density paddocks had higher utilization across all vegetation classifications compared to other stocking densities (P ≤ 0.04). Moderate stocking density paddocks were utilized 11.5% more than low paddocks, however, utilization of introduced vegetative communities, Idaho fescue dominated bunchgrass communities, and forb dominated communities did not differ in use (P ≥ 0.13). Use of monitoring to actively adjust stocking densities based on differential community utilization may improve the sustainable grazing of sensitive communities because conventional stocking rate calculations based on total productivity do not account for the selective grazing behavior of cattle.
Relação entre a divulgação de informações contábeis nos padrões especificados pelas normas vigentes e as características organizacionais das fundações privadas brasileiras
Authors: Cruz Cássia Vanessa Olak Alves , Reis Luiz Alberto da Silva , Estecanela Layra Duarte , Souza Miriam Akemi Tanita de
Published: September 2020

O objetivo desta pesquisa é verificar a relação entre a divulgação de informações contábeis nos padrões especificados pelas normas vigentes e as características organizacionais das fundações privadas brasileiras. Para alcance desta finalidade, realizou-se uma pesquisa documental, com delineamento metodológico descritivo e explicativo, sendo analisados os relatórios contábeis, relativos aos exercícios findos em 2015, das fundações privadas formalmente constituídas no cenário brasileiro. A população de estudo abrangeu 8.123 entidades, sendo investigadas 384 instituições que compuseram a amostra probabilística. A análise dos dados se deu através da utilização de um checklist composto por 41 itens que englobam reconhecimento, demonstrações contábeis obrigatórias e conteúdo das notas explicativas. Verificou-se que o nível de conformidade geral das referidas fundações com a ITG 2002 (R1) foi de 64,53%, concluindo-se, então, que as entidades não estão atendendo a todos os requisitos exigidos pelas normas contábeis vigentes. Foi correlacionado, através da técnica de correlação de Pearson e regressão linear múltipla, o nível de conformidade com as características organizacionais de porte, tempo de constituição, auditoria externa e subvenções governamentais. Conclui-se que os fatores porte e presença de auditoria externa têm relação positiva e significativa com o nível de conformidade das demonstrações contábeis, enquanto o tempo de constituição apresentou relação negativa.
Um estudo sobre a relação do gênero versus temática abordada nos artigos publicados nas revistas científicas da área contábil no Brasil
Authors: Batista Jessica Cristhina Benedetti , Cristino Letícia Sanches , Evangelista Victor Biaggi , Nunes e Rodrigues Angelo Antonio Davis de Oliveira
Published: September 2020

O presente estudo teve como objetivo apontar o perfil de produção científica em contabilidade por gênero no Brasil, mostrando qual a relação entre o gênero sexual e a temática abordada e publicada pelos pesquisadores(as) brasileiros(as). Assim, a estratégica metodológica caracterizou-se pela utilização de uma abordagem de pesquisa descritiva cujo problema de pesquisa é quantitativo. Na busca ao alcance do objetivo da pesquisa foi utilizada uma amostra intencional, que compreendeu sete revistas científicas, sendo que seis estão relacionadas a programas de pós-graduação em contabilidade e uma à entidade de classe ou de pesquisa. Os resultados apontam que a pesquisa científica em contabilidade está em crescente evolução, com predominância de autorias do gênero masculino, explorando temas principalmente relacionados às áreas de finanças e contabilidade gerencial, já as publicações de autoria feminina estão associadas aos temas de ensino, contabilidade financeira e contabilidade para instituições sem fins lucrativos/pública. Cabe ressaltar que as publicações, independente do gênero sexual, estão concentradas nas regiões Sul e Sudeste.
Os programas navais da Argentina na Segunda Guerra Mundial
Authors: Waldmann Júnior Ludolf
Published: September 2020

A Argentina teve uma trajetória conturbada durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, assumindo uma neutralidade polêmica durante um dos períodos de maior instabilidade política na sua história. Conforme diversos autores notaram, uma questão política sensível neste período, foi o reequipamento das suas forças armadas, algo que tinha repercussões tanto em âmbito doméstico como externo, porém quase não há nenhuma discussão sobre o conteúdo destas propostas de aquisição de material bélico. Considerando a importância da questão dos armamentos para os desenvolvimentos políticos na Argentina, este trabalho busca entender quais foram os planos de modernização da marinha argentina durante a guerra, relacionando-os com o contexto em que foram apresentados. Assim, ressaltamos a importância do cenário político externo nas discussões sobre os programas navais, especialmente diante do relativo declínio do poderio argentino em âmbito regional. Em âmbito interno, cumpre observar o papel das relações civil-militares. Por fim, apontamos que os planos renovação da esquadra refletiam incialmente a política naval do pré-guerra, com foco em âmbito regional e assegurando uma superioridade argentina, porém o seu conteúdo foi se modificando conforme as novas tecnologias navais e desenvolvimentos políticos mudavam o cenário.
Transformações militares, políticas e sociais na virada para o Período Moderno a partir da Doutrina militar (1598) de Bartolome Scarion de Paiva
Authors: Mainka Peter Johann , Gimenez José Carlos
Published: September 2020

Inspirado nas histórias das guerras e das batalhas do passado, assim como nos grandes feitos dos líderes que delas participaram, o italiano Bartolome Scarion de Pavia publicou, em 1598, o livro Doutrina militar. A narrativa dessa obra tem por objetivo mostrar aos leitores, aos governantes e, principalmente, aos combatentes, como uma batalha regida com técnica e racionalidade pode ser benéfica para promover a paz nas cidades e nos reinos. Sem romper definitivamente com os ideários bélicos da Antiguidade Clássica e da Idade Média, essa obra também possibilita uma leitura sobre como uma guerra, realizada com paixão, discernimento, propósitos cristãos, poderia favorecer a governança dos reis e engrandecer as monarquias nacionais, bem como dignificar os beligerantes que lutam pela pátria e pela religião cristã, especialmente os que vivem sob a Monarquia Ibérica conduzida por Filipe II de Espanha, I de Portugal (1527- 1598). Na obra do Bartolome Scarion de Pavia se refletem, exemplarmente, as transformações militares, políticas e sociais, ocorridas na virada da Idade Média para o Período Moderno.
Filosofia da história, utopia e crise: semelhanças e diferenças entre Reinhart Koselleck e Jörn Rüsen
Authors: Oliveira Gustavo Castanheira Borges de
Published: September 2020

O foco deste artigo é analisar e comparar as obras de Reinhart Koselleck e Jörn Rüsen, provavelmente os dois historiadores alemães mais disseminados no Brasil atualmente, mas que carecem de estudos comparativos. A aproximação entre os autores será feita a partir dos tópicos da filosofia da história, da utopia e da crise. O objetivo é perceber como cada autor trabalha estes temas, e quais as possíveis semelhanças e diferenças entre as duas abordagens. A nossa tese é a de que os dois autores partem de um mesmo problema: como entender e assimilar a catástrofe da Segunda Guerra Mundial e do Nacional-socialismo; etretanto, chegam a resultados diferentes: Rüsen se liga diretamente a uma certa tradição Iluminista (Kant), e elabora uma teoria mais otimista sobre o futuro e sobre a humanidade; já Koselleck apresenta uma posição crítica mais incisiva contra à reabilitação de tradições Iluministas e da Filosofia da História do século XIX, contrapondo um ceticismo ao otimismo de Rüsen.
A short note on determinantal representation of stable polynomials
Authors: Kim Matthew , Shin Kelly , Lim Clara , Koyuncu Selcuk
Published: September 2020

In this paper we provide some results that replace the condition ”real-zero” by the properties so-called x-substitution and y-substitution. We show that using these properties, we can still write the determinantal representation of a stable polynomial in terms of identity and Hermitian matrices.
Updated checklist and diversity of predatory insect fauna with one first report from Kashmir, India
Authors: Rasheed Razia , Buhroo Abdul Ahad
Published: September 2020

The diversity of predatory insect fauna in nine districts of Kashmir was assessed. Collection was done in agroecosystem with the help of different collecting nets and handpicking methods. As a result of two-year study, a total of 50 species belonging to 14 families and 7 orders were identified. Hierodula patellifera Serville, 1839 of the order Mantodea was reported for the first time from the Kashmir valley. Also, different diversity indices used during the present study revealed the existence of considerable number of predatory species distributed evenly throughout the study area. Diversity of different study sites was correlated by Hutcheson’s t- test. Highest values of diversity indices were observed in the order Coleoptera.
Rethinking Native Spaces
Authors: Gould D. Rae , Mrozowski Stephen A.
Published: September 2020

The concluding chapter recaps how Nipmuc spaces across southern New England tell stories through archaeology and documents that the authors have engaged in over the decades. Details about the individuals discussed in the chapters and their everyday lives—how they travelled, made a living, or what they used for dishware—and about important decisions that changed the course of events for Nipmuc people, individually or collectively, were shared. Loss of land was central to many of these stories. The chapter summarizes how the physical links between past, present and future—of histories that have futures—are revealed in the material culture, landscapes and documents researched for this book, and how the combined efforts of the ancestors discussed throughout the book mirror the work of the authors who tell their stories. Both have worked to ensure the survival of Nipmuc history into the future, the latter through this model of a decolonized and collaborative historical archaeology.
Analyzing different cancer mutation data sets from breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA), lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD)
Authors: Ramos Rodrigo , Cutigi Jorge , Ferreira Cynthia , Evangelista Adriane , Simão Adenilso
Published: September 2020

With the advancements of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, a massive volume of genetic data has been generated. It makes possible the study of complex disease by computational approaches. In the context of cancer, there is a huge variety of mutation data in public databases. However, it is not feasible to use all available data in every analysis; thus, a data subset must be selected. This work is aiming to investigate and understand the mutational characteristics presented in different cancer mutation data sets of the same type of cancer. To achieve this goal, exploration and visualization of cancer mutation data were performed. Several analyses are presented for three common types of cancer: 1) Breast Invasive Carcinoma (BRCA); 2) Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD); and Prostate Adenocarcinoma (PRAD). For each cancer type, three distinct data sets were analyzed in order to understand if there are significant differences or similarities among them. The analyses show that BRCA and LUAD have evidence of similarity among their data sets, while PRAD is likely heterogeneous.
Um Enfoque Incremental para Construção do Grafo de Conhecimento do SUS
Authors: Rolim Tulio , Avila Caio , Arruda Narciso , Silva José , Maia José , Oliveira Mauro , Andrade Luiz , Vidal Vânia
Published: September 2020

Os dados de saúde pública no Brasil estão distribuídos em diversas bases heterogêneas pertencentes ao Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Por conta da interdependência entre esses dados, a análise de qualquer problema é precedida pela integração de algumas dessas bases. Como alternativa, os grafos de conhecimento corporativos (enterprise knowledge graphs) podem ser utilizados para viabilizar a integração semântica das fontes do SUS. Este trabalho apresenta um enfoque para construção de um grafo de conhecimento corporativo do SUS. Esse enfoque e apoiado através da construção incremental baseada no pay-as-you-go por meio da combinação de Ontologias e do processo de Integração Semântica, fornecendo uma camada semântica aos dados do SUS. Para tanto, são apresentados os passos do enfoque juntamente com a construção do grafo de conhecimento corporativo do SUS (KG SUS). KG SUS realiza a integração de duas fontes de dados: SIM e SINASC. Como validação, KG SUS foi consultado através de questões de competência em SPARQL. O enfoque apresentado promove flexibilidade e extensibilidade para que novas fontes de dados do SUS sejam utilizadas.
Uma Abordagem Para Detecção de Nódulos Pulmonares Baseada em Aprendizado Profundo
Authors: Silva Emerson , França Luís , Oliveira Marcelo , Queiroz Fabiane , Cavalcante Rodolfo
Published: September 2020

O câncer de pulmão é o tipo de câncer que mais causa mortes no mundo, o que justifica a necessidade de uma rápida identificação. Os diagnósticos do câncer de pulmão podem ser realizado por especialistas através da análise de imagens de tomografia computadorizada (TC) do tórax do paciente. Esse diagnostico envolve duas tarefas importantes: (i) a detecção de nódulos existentes e (ii) a classificação destes nódulos em maligno ou benigno, caso existam. Neste trabalho investigamos como detectar nódulos pulmonares em imagens de TC 2D com o uso de redes neurais convolucionais (CNN) e analise de componentes principais (PCA). A principal contribuição desse trabalho é um método de detecção aplicado a imagens de TC 2D que apresenta acurácia próxima a métodos aplicados a imagens 3D e, consequentemente computacionalmente mais caros. Os resultados apresentaram 86% de sensibilidade na identificação de nódulos pulmonares.
Planejamento Cirúrgico de Estrabismo Horizontal Utilizando Árvore de Regressão de Múltiplas Saídas
Authors: Leite Fernando , Almeida João , Teixeira Jorge , Cruz Luana , Junior Geraldo , Paiva Anselmo
Published: September 2020

O estrabismo e uma patologia oftalmológica que afeta entre 1,55% e 3,6% da população, que pode causar danos sensoriais irreversíveis à visão. O tratamento dos casos mais graves requer intervenção cirúrgica. Desta forma, este trabalho utiliza Árvores de Regressão aplicadas em forma de única saída e múltiplas saídas para indicar o planejamento de cirurgias de estrabismo. Em nosso método mais preciso, Multi-Target Regression Trees, em uma abordagem em única saída, foi obtido o Erro Absoluto Médio de 0,49 milímetros, a Raiz do Erro Quadrático Médio de 1,49 milímetros e R2 de 0,65 na indicação do plano cirúrgico de estrabismos horizontais.
Relato de Concepção de Aplicação para Gestão da Saúde da Pessoa Idosa Dependente
Authors: Barreto Ivana , Andrade Luiz , Evangelista Aline , Santos Ismayle , Andrade Rossana , Oliveira Antonio , Freire Neto João , Frota Virna
Published: September 2020

Apesar do aumento do número de pessoas idosas e das aplicações voltadas para saúde, ainda existe uma carência por aplicações voltadas a gestão do cuidado de pessoas idosas. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste artigo é descrever o desenvolvimento de uma aplicação para uso do Profissional de Saúde dedicada à gestão da saúde da pessoa idosa dependente. Discute-se no artigo a formação de uma equipe interdisciplinar de profissionais de saúde e de computação. Como modelo de processo para o desenvolvimento da aplicação, optou-se pelo método ágil Scrum e dez funcionalidades foram elicitadas, dentre elas: Avaliação Clínica e Funcional; Plano de Cuidados; Medicamentos, Registro de Visitas; Intercorrências, Notificações e Alertas.
Dynamic analysis of sandwich beam with viscoelastic core under moving loads
Authors: Tekili Sabiha , KHADRI Youcef , KARMI Yacine
Published: September 2020

In this article, numerical approach is proposedfor dynamic behavior of symmetrical sandwich beams with viscoelastic core under movingload using the Hamilton's principle formulation and the finite element method solution. The dynamic responses are obtained for different configurations using the modal superposition method and the implicit Newmark integration scheme. The analysis shows that the viscoelastic damping has a significant effect on the vibration behavior involving the improvement of the damping of the structure. The parametric study of the effect of the configuration parameters shows that the sandwich structure has more dissipative capacities of vibratory energy by adopting adequate configurations to the structure.
An attempt to use the results of microtomographic studies of the surface after the period of operation in the numerical analysis of wheel-rail contacts
Authors: JOHN Antoni , Bąkowski Henryk , Brodny Jarosław
Published: September 2020

During the contact of two bodies, their interaction causes an increase in stress and thus an increase in surface energy. Therefore, this energy, depending on the type of material, can cause physicochemical changes in it, which in turn lead to the phenomenon of decohesion. In order for the phenomenon to occur, it must be exceeded the limit of strength of the material is usually the yield point.

Depending on the material's properties (especially hardness) the time in which contact surfaces stay in contact is extremely important because the longer it is, the more energy will be transferred to the other body. In the case of materials with a high hardness, the energy is first converted into elastic and then plastic impacts, causing plastic deformation and dislocation motion, leading to the separation of material layers and its defect. However, much more plastic materials are faster than the yield point and the separation of material in the form of flaky wear debris.

The paper presents the influence of selected exploitation factors on the condition of the surface layer through the use of simulation tests using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The surface layer was mapped using a computer microtomograph and the influence of operational parameters on its condition was presented using simulation tests by means of FEM.
Modeling of Constructions’ Structurally Nonlinear Oscillations Using Chebyshev's Polynomials
Authors: Gridnev Sergey , Skalko Yuri , Shimanovsky Alexandr
Published: September 2020

A numerical algorithm for solving initial-boundary value problems with nonlinear boundary conditions was developed and implemented. The algorithm is constructed with reference to modeling of oscillations of an elastically supported deformable rod with limit stops at the ends under the action of a moving variable force. Such a rod is the design scheme of a number of building structures, including the span structure of a floating bridge of continuous system with limiting rigid supports at the ends. Chebyshev's polynomials were used to improve the computational schemes for realizing the practical problems of modeling constructive-nonlinear oscillations of building structures. The solution does not lose stability for large values of the elasticity coefficients of elastic couplings. Using the developed approach, it is possible to perform virtual computing experiments to skip a variety of movable loads on the floating bridge to analyze its deformed state and to make well-grounded design decisions.
Entre philosophie politique et droit : le cas de la Loi sur la laïcité de l’État au Québec
Authors: Seymour Michel , Gosselin-Tapp Jérôme
Published: September 2020

L’objectif des auteurs du présent article est double. Ils proposent, d’une part, une critique des fondements normatifs de la Loi sur la laïcité de l’État adoptée en 2019 au Québec. Leur discussion s’appuie principalement sur les thèses élaborées dans leur ouvrage intitulé La nation pluraliste. Repenser la diversité religieuse au Québec (Presses de l’Université de Montréal, 2018). L’essentiel de leur critique consiste d’abord à concevoir un modèle de gestion de la diversité adapté au contexte québécois à partir de la posture libérale républicaine que le philosophe John Rawls expose dans ses écrits tardifs. Ce modèle leur permet ensuite de mettre en évidence certains écueils de la conception de la laïcité défendue par le gouvernement de la Coalition Avenir Québec. D’autre part, leur analyse donne aussi lieu à une réflexion de nature méthodologique sur la manière dont la philosophie politique peut, de façon générale, contribuer à la construction du droit, et ce, en montrant comment leur critique de la Loi sur la laïcité de l’État correspond à un exercice d’opérationnalisation de la méthode de l’équilibre réfléchi telle qu’elle a été justement conçue par Rawls.
Islamic Revivalism in Indonesia: The Caliphate, Sharia, NKRI, Democracy, and the Nation-State
Authors: Munabari Fahlesa , Larasati Nadia Utami , Ihsan Rizky , Nurhadiyanto Lucky
Published: September 2020

This research examines Indonesian Islamic revivalist movements’ perspectives on the concepts of the nation-state and democracy. The Islamic revivalist movements studied in this research include Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI), Front Pembela Islam (FPI), Majelis Mujahidin Indonesia (MMI), and Forum Umat Islam (FUI). Following the fall of the authoritarian Suharto’s regime in 1998, Indonesia witnessed an escalation of Islamic activism whose goals revolve around the implementation of Sharia (Islamic law) and, to a certain extent, the reestablishment of a caliphate (transnational Islamic state). To this end, revivalist movements have been staging frequent mass protests, mainly addressing Indonesian government policies that are deemed un-Islamic. Some of the protests have ended violently, which implies that their Sharia and Islamic state goals have become a source of conflict in Indonesian society. This research suggests that this violent activism stems from different versions of the concept of the nation-state and democracy, which disagree with broadly accepted definitions. This research was conducted against this backdrop to analyze each movements’ perspectives on the concept of nation-state and democracy and argues that, despite each movement advocating the implementation of Sharia, their understandings of the concepts of the nation-state and democracy differ.
The Billionaire’s Ambitions
Authors: Plotch Philip Mark
Published: September 2020

This chapter assesses the roles played by New York governor Nelson Rockefeller and New York City mayor John Lindsay, as well as William Ronan, in transforming the transportation system. Ronan, Rockefeller, and Lindsay all realized that improving public transportation was critical to strengthening the economy of the city and the region. They were also well aware of the benefits of a Second Avenue subway, since all three of them lived on the Upper East Side. After Lindsay failed to reorganize the transportation agencies, Rockefeller and Ronan developed their own grand vision for the region's transportation network, and in December of 1966, Ronan stepped down from his post as secretary to begin implementing their plan. At the beginning of the state's 1967 legislative session, Rockefeller and Ronan announced their two-pronged approach. First, they proposed integrating the New York City Transit Authority and the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority (TBTA) into the Metropolitan Commuter Transportation Authority (MCTA). In addition, Rockefeller and Ronan would seek voter approval to borrow $2.5 billion that would be dedicated for roadway and public transportation improvements across the state. In 1967, the governor and Ronan obtained the support they needed to transform the transportation network, a feat that Lindsay had not been able to accomplish.
Suing to Save the War Powers Resolution
Authors: Farrier Jasmine
Published: September 2020

This chapter explores the consequence of four decades of congressional and judicial restraint that followed the passage of the 1973 War Powers Resolution. The member lawsuits began with four challenges to President Ronald Reagan (on El Salvador, Nicaragua, Grenada, and the Iran–Iraq War), and one each against George H. W. Bush (Persian Gulf War), Bill Clinton (Kosovo), George W. Bush (Iraq), and Barack Obama (Libya). These cases were dismissed for different reasons by the federal courts, citing mootness, ripeness, standing, the political question doctrine, and equitable discretion, usually in some combination, as barriers to adjudication. Upon dismissal, federal courts placed the entire burden to rein in presidential power on supermajorities in Congress, even though prior authorization may not have occurred. This disapproval would ultimately require two-thirds of both chambers to override a presidential veto. In these ways, federal courts normalized the very dynamics the member-plaintiffs were targeting in their suits.
Legislative Processes Are Constitutional Questions
Authors: Farrier Jasmine
Published: September 2020

This chapter shows that even in private litigation cases, the federal judiciary is not always comfortable getting involved. There is a voluntary component to Congress's delegation of power and related changes in the legislative process that makes this area of litigation more complex than war powers. Here one sees there is no ideological or institutional rhythm to delegation of power and legislative process cases. Indeed, the federal courts are inconsistent in their interest in legislative process cases (the last delegation of legislative power cases were decided during the New Deal) and when they do enter these debates, such as the debate over the “legislative veto,” they get roundly criticized for it. The most obvious conclusion from the chapter is that judges appear to want some kind of toehold in the area of legislative processes and delegation of power without taking the full plunge regularly.
Courts Cannot Unknot Congress
Authors: Farrier Jasmine
Published: September 2020

This chapter highlights five complex member lawsuits against legislative processes which resulted in mixed outcomes for the member-litigants. First is the deficit-reduction case surrounding the 1985 Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act, known after its sponsors as the Gramm–Rudman–Hollings Act (GRH), where plaintiffs ostensibly won back power but Congress opted to delegate again. Second is a multiplaintiff suit against executive enforcement of a base-closing commission decision that required supermajorities to override. This case emphasizes the risk that Congress takes when it delegates power away and does not have an easy mechanism to regain control over processes and outcomes. Third is the Democratic House members' unsuccessful suit against their own chamber's rule that mandated a supermajority in order to raise taxes. Fourth is the landmark challenge of the 1996 Line Item Veto Act that has been used by later courts to more readily dismiss member standing, even as the item veto itself is ruled unconstitutional by private plaintiffs the next year. Fifth is a hybrid group of House members and private organizations against the Senate filibuster, which stopped the Dream Act.
Entomologist to U. S. Department of Agriculture
Authors: Comstock Anna Botsford
Published: September 2020

This chapter describes Anna Botsford and John Henry Comstock's life in Washington, the entomologists who worked with the Comstocks there, and their social connections. On May 1, 1879, Henry became the U.S. Commissioner of Agriculture. Thus, he entered upon his duties as entomologist to the Department of Agriculture and into a very cordial association with Commissioner William G. Le Duc. Following his appointment, Henry asked for a two-year leave of absence from Cornell University. This was granted on the condition that he return for a fortnight in May to complete his course of lectures. As soon as they were settled in Washington, Anna went to Henry's office every day to help him with the many details of the department. As a result of this, she was offered a position to work for her husband.
Honolulu and Happiness, a Voyage to Europe
Authors: Comstock Anna Botsford
Published: September 2020

This chapter details Anna Botsford and John Henry Comstock's stay at a friend's family hotel on Waikiki Beach in Honolulu, Hawaii. The Comstocks were given a cottage on the hotel grounds where they had a living room of their own, which was especially convenient since they had so many callers. On the second day after their arrival, they were invited to lunch at the Globe Hotel as guests of the Pan-Pacific Club. In the weeks that followed, they were taken somewhere for an auto ride every day. There were five of Henry's former students who were doing entomological work on the island; they all put themselves and their automobiles at the Comstocks' service in the most generous manner. The Comstocks also attended the Hawaiian church and heard excellent sermons and music. The chapter then recounts their voyage to Europe in 1925.
Introduction
Authors: Pearson Trais
Published: September 2020

This introductory chapter briefly discusses the major themes of this book. It argues that the investigation of unnatural death was an early—and unlikely—site of direct interaction between the state and its subjects. Furthermore, the chapter illustrates how the emergence of a necropolitical regime at the turn of the twentieth century offered a troubling rebuke to the master narrative of modern Thai historiography: namely, the doctrine of Siamese/Thai exceptionalism. Thailand's status as the only nation-state in Southeast Asia to avoid direct control by European imperial power marks it as a singular state with an exceptional past. And it is within this context that the chapter addresses certain morbid subjects—alluding not merely to death but also to the social, cultural, and political lives of the dead.
Fiction
Authors: Noggle James
Published: September 2020

This chapter explains that unfelt affects are among the most subtly potent ones in eighteenth-century fiction, and they often decisively delineate character, advance plot, and confer a distinctive texture on narrative. The capacity of characters not to feel and not to notice feelings vitally supports the expressions of high emotion and intense desire long seen as among the novel's reasons for existence. In their privative sense, words like insensible and imperceptible sometimes serve as a plot device. Yet novelists also gesture to the insensible to evoke deeply meaningful affect, not merely as an alternative to the high-flown feelings evident in such fiction but also as a way of quietly enhancing their profundity. Moreover, these gestures help novelists navigate the perilous tensions and congruities between virtue and desire that are definitive of heroines' predicament in the marriage plot. The chapter then studies the insensible in the works of Henry Fielding, Samuel Richardson, Frances Burney, and Jane Austen.
Historiography
Authors: Noggle James
Published: September 2020

This chapter details how the concept of the insensible enters British historiography around the middle of the eighteenth century. The insensible not only helps historians narrate the large-scale changes to society, nations, populations, and commerce that were increasingly treated alongside the usual topics—kings' reigns, statecraft, and wars. It also, in its paradoxical way, serves their descriptions of the fundamentally affective bases of historical change. The negating prefixes of terms like insensibly tend oddly to draw unfelt forces into proximity to more apparent human feelings. Accounts of insensible processes find an especially significant place in the historiography of the age of sentiment. The chapter then considers the new categories of moeurs and manners in French historiography and the insensible revolution in Scottish historiography. It also looks at the dramatic consequences of the insensible for Edward Gibbon's and Edmund Burke's style of history writing.
Time of Trouble, 1967–1969
Authors: Hurtado-Torres Sebastián
Published: September 2020

This chapter details how, despite the seemingly favorable situation for the Chilean government, in 1967 things would begin to go in a very different direction. After the first two successful years of the Frei administration, the attitude of the opposition stiffened noticeably, and even within the Christian Democratic Party some leaders began to voice their disagreement with the character and the pace of some of the reforms implemented by the government. Eduardo Frei himself was still a popular figure, a condition he would continue to enjoy for most of his tenure and beyond. In addition, his positive international standing reinforced his image in Chile. However, his own personal popularity would not translate into a continuation of the success of the first two years of his administration. The changing winds of Chilean politics and the declining fortunes of the Lyndon B. Johnson administration would get in the way, and it was, in fact, a situation connected to the close relationship between the Frei administration and the United States that marked the beginning of the end of the Revolution in Liberty.
Chilean Copper and U.S. Companies
Authors: Hurtado-Torres Sebastián
Published: September 2020

This chapter focuses on the role of copper policies in the relations between the United States and Chile during the Frei administration, especially as they relate to the developmental efforts of the Christian Democratic project. During the Frei administration, the political debate on copper policies reached a climax. Since U.S. capitals were among the most significant actors in the story, the discussions around the issue of copper converged with the ideological visions of the United States and the Cold War held by the different Chilean political parties. As the Frei administration tried to introduce the most comprehensive and consistent reform around the structure of the property of the Gran Minería del Cobre, the forces in competition in the arena of Chilean politics stood by their ideological convictions, regarding both copper and the United States, in their opposition or grudging support for the policies proposed by the Christian Democratic government. Moreover, the U.S. government became deeply involved in the matter of copper in Chile, first by pressuring the Chilean government into rolling back a price increase in 1965 and then, mostly through the personal efforts of Ambassador Edward Korry, by mediating in the negotiation between the Frei administration and Anaconda on the nationalization of the U.S. company's largest mine, Chuquicamata, in 1969.
Eduardo Frei, the U.S. Embassy, and the Election of Salvador Allende
Authors: Hurtado-Torres Sebastián
Published: September 2020

This chapter describes the efforts by the United States and Eduardo Frei to prevent Salvador Allende from attaining the presidency. The Nixon administration, after choosing not to involve itself in the 1970 presidential race to the extent the Johnson administration had in the 1964 election, reacted with great alacrity to Allende's victory in the popular election. Richard Nixon himself instructed CIA director Richard Helms to conduct covert operations in Chile, behind Ambassador Korry's back. In addition, Chilean politicians, particularly Christian Democrats of the Frei line, tried or at least explored ways of averting an Allende victory and sought for that purpose the support of the U.S. embassy in Santiago. Though many of the documents that tell this part of the story have been available to researchers since at least the early 2000s, only one scholarly work has treated these attempts by Chilean politicians, especially Eduardo Frei, in depth. The tendency of scholars of U.S. foreign relations during the Cold War to assume rather uncritically that the only decisions that mattered were taken in Washington has narrowed the perspectives from which the history of Cold War Chilean politics has been studied and interpreted.
A Story of a Murder, No Traces, and Nothing to Report
Authors: Göpfert Mirco
Published: September 2020

This chapter details how the gendarmes in Godiya dealt with a criminal case that they had never seen before. The case was about an investigation into the murder of two little girls in Tsaga. On their first visit to Tsaga, the gendarmes had “nothing to report”; there were no traces, no witnesses, just the two dead girls' bodies. Eventually, they caught the perpetrator and they interrogated him. Contrary to interim brigade commander Chef Tahirou's initial assumption, the perpetrator was not a Nigerian organ trafficker and the murder weapon was not a machete but an axe. Ultimately, the exceptional quality of this case pushes aspects of the gendarmes' work to the fore that were central to everything they did but would certainly get lost in the description of the trivial everydayness of their usual workdays.
Drama Work
Authors: Göpfert Mirco
Published: September 2020

This chapter illustrates how the result of the gendarmes' work was often not a bureaucratic report but an informal arrangement, mostly between the disputing parties. This was, indeed, the more desirable outcome to their work, both from the gendarmes' and the civilians' perspective. However, when confronted with severe crimes, the gendarmes saw their function as establishing consensus, resolving conflicts, and thus restoring social order in the disputants' community. Here the dramaturgical skills of the gendarmes were key. Establishing a consensus meant distributing mutually compatible roles among the parties in such a way that everybody could save face and meaningful interaction was possible. In this “social drama on the stage of law,” the gendarmes used the ambivalence and possibilities of the frontier-condition not so much to invoke the state of exception—quite the contrary. While their bureaucratic work was based on the translation from le social into les textes, from life to form, in these arrangements, the gendarmes allowed for a clear separation of the two. As such, they did not connect mutually compatible forms and formats by pressing life into a bureaucratically exploitable form; but they created mutually compatible forms of sociality and morality.
Tragic Work
Authors: Göpfert Mirco
Published: September 2020

This chapter explores the narrative of the frontier, of the gendarmes' being caught between les textes and le social, between bureaucratic form and lived life—in a lack of resolution. There is nothing beyond this tension, no safe space where the gendarmes can find certainty and protection; there is no bureaucratic haven. This tension is even accentuated by the different and often conflicting expectations of civilians, prosecutors, and the gendarmes' superiors. The gendarmes' mandate is ultimately unaccomplishable, their task impossible. The bureaucratic drama thus created both communitas and isolation at the same time. It created communitas among the gendarmes through their shared sense of frustration. But it also caused a sense of isolation as tragic creatures, with neither catastrophe nor catharsis in sight. Indeed, the gendarme is a bureaucratic Sisyphus: a frontier figure tasked with the impossible project of closing the frontier.
Postscript
Authors: Göpfert Mirco
Published: September 2020

This postscript studies the significance of the frontier. The frontier-space is not only the borderland between life governed by public institutions and life outside of the state's grasp; it is also the site where bureaucracy and the world it is charged with managing meet and the tension between the two becomes tangible. This tension then gives birth to a particular condition of doing and being. As such, the frontier is a project that aims to extend its reach beyond its confines. It is right here at the frontier where the prevailing moral standards become palpable, and it is right here that the value of the modern state, of bureaucracy, and of the gendarme's work must be judged. Understood as a space, a condition, and a project with particular stakes, the idea of the frontier can be of heuristic significance for the understanding of bureaucracy, the postcolonial condition, and for the project of anthropology and social theory.
Introduction
Authors: Gerson Lloyd P.
Published: September 2020

This introductory chapter looks at how philosopher Richard Rorty advanced the thesis that Platonism and philosophy are more or less identical. The point of insisting on this identification is the edifying inference Rorty thinks is to be drawn from it: If one finds Platonism unacceptable, then one ought to abandon philosophy. Hence, a rejection of Platonism is really a rejection of the principles shared by most philosophers up to the present. The chapter then poses the opposition between Platonism and Naturalism as the opposition between philosophy and anti-philosophy. Plato states in his Republic in a clear and unambiguous way that the subject matter of philosophy is “that which is perfectly or completely real,” that is, the intelligible world and all that it contains. If Rorty is right, then the denial of the existence of this content is the rejection of philosophy. But self-declared Naturalists divide over whether philosophy has a distinct subject matter. Nevertheless, the most consistent form of Naturalism will hold that with the abandonment of the Platonic subject matter must go the abandonment of a distinct subject matter for philosophy.