bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To the Question of Entrance Complex of Anacopia Fortress Restoration, Abazgia VI-XI с.
Authors: Pishchulina Viktoria V. , Argun Alhas V.
Published: September 2018

In the article the conceptual issues of the restorations and the architecture features of the gate node of the second line of the defense of Anakopia the capital of the early medieval of the Abkhazian Kingdom are considered. The round tower near the gate is unique by the nature of its arches. It was determined by the research that the tower was not built on a model but by the individual order. The analogues of the tower and its construction techniques were detected on the former territory of Byzantine empire – in Turkey, Greece, Armenia. The dates of the construction periods were specified from VI till XI c. Based on the results of the digital researches the features of the architecture of the monument in different periods were authentically restored.
The Problem of Affirmatively Architectural Form and Structural Functionalism
Authors: Kaschina Irina V. , Nesterova Alisa N.
Published: September 2018

The article analyses the problem of preserving the constitutional potential of architectural form in terms of the architectural thinking and architectural activity space total mastery by the structural functionalism methodology, which most perfectly expresses the spirit and principles of the modern epoch. Architectural form is generally regarded as auto-referential method of creating an immanent image of the face or an architectural work, which "text" includes its own grammar "reading".
The Impact of the Conical Indenter on a Plate Laying on a Winkler Foundation
Authors: Beskopylny Aleksey N. , Veremeenko Andrey A. , Kadomtseva Elena E. , Beskopylnaia Natalia I.
Published: September 2018

In the practice of civil engineering, the methods of impact diagnostics of materials find their application, allowing quickly and accurately measure the required strength characteristics at any point in the structure. Impact methods offer many advantages, for example, at smaller dimensions can be developed big the contact force, it can be recorded more information about the response of the material to dynamic impact and others. This approach is widely used in determining the hardness of materials and makes it possible to determine the complex mechanical characteristics: yield strength, ultimate strength, and elongation. In the paper we consider the axisymmetric problem of the impact of the conical indenter on the plate, laying on Winkler Foundation under elastic-plastic deformation. The solution is based on the phenomenological model of elastic-plastic indentation in a quasistatic formulation. The general deformations of the plate are considered elastic, and the local, in the contact zone, are elastoplastic. The main characteristics of the impact are determined: the force of the contact interaction, the local indentation, the contact time. The device and methods of determining the strength characteristics of plates under specified conditions of impact were developed on the basis of obtained solutions. The proposed method has been tested on many building structures: bridges, trusses, structural structures of artificial structures, reinforcement bars, welded joints.
Decision-Making under the Conditions of Fuzziness and Multicriteria on the Example of Urban Planning
Authors: Ginis Larisa A. , Gordienko Larisa V. , Kolodenkova Anna E.
Published: September 2018

The existing decision problems in urban planning, which have an influence on the sustainable urban development, are designated in this research. Factors are defined: the internal environment, a role, the relations and interrelations, a legal framework and institutional structure which need to be considered at decision-making in the course of urban planning. The formal model combining current scientific approaches for decision-making which can be applied to assessment of factors and adoption of the reasonable decision is offered. The mathematical model of the multicriteria choice of the best solution at fuzzy initial information is described. An example of finding of the best solution is reviewed.
Theoretical Justification of Target Volumes of Housing Commissioning (Rostov Region as the Example)
Authors: Aksenov Alexey A. , Shevchenko Olga Y. , Aksenova Elena G.
Published: September 2018

The paper proves the necessity of determining the target volumes of housing commissioning by the example of the Rostov region under various scenarios of macroeconomic development. The methodology of medium-term forecasting of the development of the regional housing market with a planning horizon of 3 years is used. The task is solved in obtaining quantitative estimates of market development with a change in macroeconomic indicators and planned volumes of housing commissioning.
Features of Economic Activity on Lands of Historical and Cultural Heritage
Authors: Ivanova Daria G. , Ivanova O.E. , Sukhinin Sergey A.
Published: September 2018

The lands of historical and cultural heritage represent a special category of the land fund of regions and settlements, having a socio-cultural value and historical significance. Business entities seek to extend their activities to the lands of historical and cultural heritage, placing their economic facilities within them. In this regard, the development of economic activities within this category of land is possible only with the observance of protective principles and regulations that limit possible violations of the protection status. Means of economic development in these areas may be special urban development projects that take into account the designated purpose of this category of land, subject to their conservation status.
Evolution of Landscape Architecture
Authors: Vorobyeva Alexandra M.
Published: September 2018

The article considers the historical process of landscape architecture development as a special direction of architectural activity, engaged in creating the open spaces environment of the urban areas. The methods and principles of landscape objects creating throughout the considered historical period, including the present stage, are investigated. The connection between architecture and landscape architecture in urban open spaces construction, as well as the influence of state policy on the formation of a school of landscape architects are showed.
The Approval of Zoning and Development Rules in Moscow: Analyzing the Economic Impact
Authors: Kostrikin Pavel N.
Published: September 2018

In spring 2017 the Zoning Rules (ZR) have come into force in Moscow – in fact, this is the main document enabling real estate development in any particular urban land plot. After the first year of the new order enactment, the author analyzes both relevant and probable economic repercussions from the ZR adoption and concludes that no positive effect anticipated by the city administration can be discerned; after the urban land development plans (ULDP) earlier issued for Moscow developers expire, the duration and cost of the preinvestment construction stage will notably rise, which, in turn, will result in the investment cost growth for all immovable property types in Moscow.
Modelling the Rural Settlement Development
Authors: Shcherbina Elena V. , Gorbenkova Elena V.
Published: September 2018

The research purpose is the definition of methodological approaches for rural settlements development modelling. The methods include the comparison of advanced domestic and foreign experience in area settlements development modelling. The scientific research is the rural development model that consists of five major systems: ecological, economic, administrative, anthropogenic and social. Besides, the basic systems of enablers and processes were identified. The expediency of applying the basic Pentagon-model concept that was successfully used for solving the analogous problems of sustainable development was shown.
Greening Technology Organization of Multi-Storey Buildings, in the Reconstruction of Architectural and Planning Solutions with the Use of Modern Building Materials
Authors: Yazyeva Svetlana B. , Seferyan Luiza A. , Oparina Ludmila A. , Golubeva Alina Yu.
Published: September 2018

The article reveals the problem of green areas of the urban environment, which is becoming one of the most topical in Russian cities. The creation of comfortable housing is inextricably linked to the urban situation, the degree of urbanization of the living environment. With the increase in the size of cities, changes in the environmental situation the nature of the connection "housing – environment" is modifying. Activities for the improvement of areas, the organization of environmentally comfortable areas around the houses (the creation of parks, playgrounds in the yard, etc.) and the provision of standards of gardening in the absence of conditions for the usual long-term gardening can be carried out using mobile landscaping. The use of green recreational space in the city improvement allows solving the problem of green areas shortage, and will have a positive impact on the appearance of the city.
Pre-Project Analysis of the Construction of Heating Systems in Religious Buildings
Authors: Gadaborsheva Tamara B. , Zhilenko A.V. , Sayadyan K.A.
Published: September 2018

The paper deals with the pre-project analysis questions in the construction of heating systems in Orthodox churches, the basic requirements for heating systems in the temples, a brief comparative analysis of the options for the construction of heating systems. We propose estimates for the construction of heating systems using economic criteria and comfort criteria that are the basis for the final solutions.
Air Supply Device to the Worker's Breathing Zone
Authors: Rymarov Andrey G. , Agafonova Vera V.
Published: September 2018

The paper is dedicated to the urgent issue - improvement of air environment parameters in the working zones of the civil building rooms. The specificity of such rooms impedes provision of the required air parameters using the standard air distribution diagrams. The authors have proposed a new type of the air distribution device based on the spot cooling of the working zones. The schematic diagram of the personalized air distribution device developed based on the textile terminal with micro-holes allowing supply of intake air in micro jets with small impulse to the worker's breathing zone is presented.
Graph-Analytical Estimation Method of Natural Ventilation Efficiency during Natural Gas Combustion
Authors: Chebotarev Victor I. , Pirozhnikova Anastasia P. , Koroleva Alla V.
Published: September 2018

Open burning of natural gas when using gas equipment in the premises of residential buildings is considered, taking into account the formation of combustion products, depending on the coefficients of excess air. Theoretical and experimental studies of combustion processes are presented. To determine the aerodynamic process in the ventilation duct, theoretical calculations of the dependence of the discharge at the entrance to the ventilation duct from the outside temperature of the atmospheric air were made. Graph-analytic method of evaluating the effectiveness of natural ventilation is carried out.
About Contemporary Seismic Analysis of Underground Structures
Authors: Belostotskiy Alexander M. , Akimov Pavel A. , Dmitriev Dmitry S.
Published: September 2018

This paper is devoted to actual problems of seismic analysis of underground structures. Brief classification and overview of corresponding methods of analysis (force-based methods, displacement-based methods, numerical methods of seismic analysis of coupled system “soil – underground structure” and approaches to problems of soil-structure interaction) is presented. Special static finite element method with substructure technique for seismic analysis of underground structures is described. Dynamic soil-structure interaction system can be decomposed into three sub-structures: structure, near-field and far-field soil. The first stage of static finite element method is solving the free field shear stress, acceleration, velocity and displacement, when the moment that the relative displacement of the soil that the underground structure located in reaches the maximum. The second stage is computing of internal forces and parameters of boundary conditions. The third stage is construction of the static finite element model and imposing the loads and constrains computed at the second stage and then making a static analysis.
Assessment of Heat Saving from Intermittent Heating of Buildings with Different Thermal Stability
Authors: Malyavina Elena G.
Published: September 2018

Modern buildings are characterized by a high resistance to the heat transfer of the outdoor enclosing structures, a high density of translucent structures, which put the intermittent room heating in the conditions when the formerly made surveys of the past years are not sufficient. The heat resistance of the building enclosing structures reduces the savings in the intermittent heat supply for heating needs, as it requires an intensive heating before the start of the working days. The more the power of a heating system is and the shorter the heating time is, the more economical the operation mode of this system is. The less the internal heat resistance of the room is, the greater the heat economy is. The thermal savings are bigger, if the room cools quicker after reduction of the heat supply.
Mathematical Model of Passing the Light Flow to the Space in a Clear Sky through Various Types of Lighting Devices
Authors: Guketlov Khazret M. , Shogenova Fatima , Fitsev Alim R.
Published: September 2018

A mathematical model for the passage of a light stream into a room through zenith, rectangular, shed lamps and obliquely arranged light devices is developed. The use of the mathematical model will increase the accuracy of the quantitative estimation of the light regime of the room in the annual cycle, as well as the transition to a differentiated account of the light climate.
New Technologies in the System of Decentralized Supply and Exhaust Ventilation of Residential Premises
Authors: Matveev Andrey G. , Zelentsov Danila V.
Published: September 2018

One of the urgent problems of modern housing construction is the saving of fuel and energy resources. Its solution is impossible without improving and developing new energy-saving technological processes and development. Such equipment is heat exchangers based on heat pipes for the utilization of low-potential waste heat of municipal utilities or decentralized supply and exhaust ventilation systems. This paper describes results of the research and development of scientific and technical basis for designing, manufacturing technology and tests of the new high-tech commercial products: heat pipes based on two-phase working coolants of high purity with drop shaped flocculate core, heat-conducting aluminum and aluminum-copper radiator, computer ventilators as basic elements of the energy-saving decentralized supply and exhaust ventilation system (DSEVS) with optimal design and performance characteristics.
Energy Efficiency of the Heat and Power Complex for Highly Efficient Use of the Secondary and Renewable Energy Resources
Authors: Papin Vladimir V. , Bezuglov Roman V. , Baltyan Vasiliy N.
Published: September 2018

The article describes a heat and power complex utilizing internal sources of consumer heat, as well as using renewable energy sources. The power complex also includes heat accumulators, cold accumulators and a cascade heat pump plant. This heat pump plant has a high conversion factor of electrical energy due to optimization of heat flows. In this article, a method for determining the energy efficiency of the heat-energy complex under consideration is disclosed.
Waste from Water Softening Stations for Treatment Wastewater Containing Dyes
Authors: Alekseev Evgeny V.
Published: September 2018

In the general balance of water consumption, a considerable part falls on softened water. The processes of obtaining softened water form a significant amount of liquid waste containing calcium and magnesium salts. We show the possibility of using wastewater from water softening installations for the treatment of wastewater containing dyes. The obtained results demonstrate high efficiency of wastewater treatment in textile factories. An additional advantage of the use of sewage water softening plants is the economy of reagents for the removal of dyes.
Use of Anionites for Water Softening and Demineralization
Authors: Omelchuk Yuliya A. , Kucherik Galina V.
Published: September 2018

In the paper we determined the dependence of the parameters of purified on anionite water on its salt composition, hardness and shape of the anion exchanger used. It is shown that the capacity of the ion exchanger in the CO32- form is higher in chlorides and sulfates than in the OH- -form. It has been established that during the sorption of chlorides and sulfates on the anionite AB-17-8 in the base form, an increase in the alkalinity of water occurs, which in the presence of hardness ions ensures its effective softening.
Sorption Method of Zinc (Zn2+) Removal from Galvanic Wastewater of a Machine-Building Plant
Authors: Brou Guillaume Kouassi , Klimov Petr V. , Smolyanichenko Alla
Published: September 2018

This article contains studies, during which the removal of zinc from industrial wastewater of the OOO Rostselmash machine-building plant (Rostov-on-Don) was carried out, using a sorption cleaning method, based on the use of an anacard nut shell grown in the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire. According to the experimental data, the cleaning efficiency was 94%, which confirms the ability of the anacard nutshell to carry out sorption purification of industrial wastewater.
Possibility of Conducting Flow Structure Studies on a Large-Scale Hydraulic Test Bench
Authors: Tsurikova Elena G. , Smolyanichenko Alla , Shishova Oksana P.
Published: September 2018

This article deals with tasks that can be performed on a large-scale hydraulic test bench. Overall dimensions of the stand are shown in Fig.1. Hydraulic test bench will carry out open flow modeling studies that will help to solve a number of tasks, for example, studying of the alluvial regime in river port conditions, as well as the impact of dredging on shipping conditions.
Ecological Assessment of Sludge Biocenosis while Nitrogen Removal
Authors: Vilson Elena V. , Dolzhenko Lidiya A. , Schutskaya Elena E.
Published: September 2018

The paper presents the results of studies on increasing the efficiency of wastewater treatment from nitrogen compounds during the re-engineering of sludge bioreactors with the use of contact carriers for biomass immobilization. To assess the contribution of the indicative species of microorganisms involved in the processes of nitrification and denitrification, an analysis of the indices of species diversity by functional zones was carried out. The results of the operation of the bioreactor are given when using reticulate contact carriers in the form of partitions to separate the functional zones. It was noted that the oxidation-reduction potential of the bioreactor in nitrogen increased 1.7 times after re-engineering.
The Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) Application for the Ammonium Removal from Aqueous Solution Predicting by Biochar
Authors: Khalil Ahmed S. , Starovoytov Sergey V. , Serpokrylov Nikolai S.
Published: September 2018

The adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model was developed to predict the removal of ammonium () from wastewater. The ANFIS model was developed and validated with a data set from a pilot-scale of adsorption system treating aqueous solutions and wastewater from fish farms. The data sets consist of four parameters, which include pH, temperature, an initial concentration of ammonium and amount of adsorbent. The adsorbent was biochar obtained from rice straw. The ANFIS models performance was assessed through the root mean absolute error (RMSE) and was validated by testing data. The results of the study show that the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is able to predict the percentage of ammonium removal from adsorption column according to the input variables with acceptable accuracy, suggesting that the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system model is a valuable tool for estimating the quality of fish farms water. This model of ANFIS leads to cost reduction because prediction can be done without resorting to efforts that require cost and time.
The Сalculation of a Drain Seasonal Regulation Reservoir Volume Probability
Authors: Degtyareva Olga G. , Safronova Tatyana I. , Sokolova Irina V.
Published: September 2018

Trouble-free water supply of the Black Sea coast rivers basin requires water supply creation. This problem becomes urgent especially during the summer low water. In the work the mountain rivers elevated and underground volume use technology is considered. The calculation of the water intake for a particular term at the particular mode of operation is proved. The model can be used when developing administrative decisions.
Myelodysplasia-related acute myeloid leukemia and acute promyelocytic leukemia: concomitant occurrence of two molecularly distinct diseases
Authors: Moreno Vanegas Yenny Alejandra , Azzouqa Abdel-Ghani M. , Menke David M. , Foran James M. , Vishnu Prakash
Published: September 2018

Concurrent presentation of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with other hematologic diseases in the absence of previous chemotherapy or ionizing radiotherapy treatment is very rare. We present a case of simultaneous occurrence of APL with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)-related acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A 43-yearold female presented with 3 month of history fatigue, night sweats, chills and pancytopenia. Bone marrow aspirate and biopsy demonstrated 20% myeloid blasts with dysplastic changes admixed with abnormal promyelocytes. Cytogenetic analysis showed tetraploidy and deletion in chromosomes 5q and 7q and polymerase chain reaction showed presence of PML/RARA mRNA transcripts, confirming the presence of concurrent APL and MDS-related AML. Induction chemotherapy with cytarabine and daunorubicin was initiated along with all-trans retinoic acid. This is the first case to be reported in the literature of concurrent occurrence of APL with MDS-related AML. Treatment with 7 + 3 regimen and ATRA was successful in inducing complete remission.
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of chorea
Authors: Ishii Nobuyuki , Mochizuki Hitoshi , Miyamoto Miyuki , Ebihara Yuka , Shiomi Kazutaka , Nakazato Masamitsu
Published: September 2018

Chorea is thought to be caused by deactivation of the indirect pathway in the basal ganglia circuit. However, few imaging studies have evaluated the basal ganglia circuit in actual patients with chorea. We investigated the lesions and mechanisms underlying chorea using brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). This retrospective case series included three patients with chorea caused by different diseases: hyperglycemic chorea, Huntington’s disease, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. All the patients showed dysfunction in the striatum detected by both MRI and FDG-PET. These neuroimaging findings confirm the theory that chorea is related to an impairment of the indirect pathway of basal ganglia circuit.
Modelado y Control de un Péndulo Invertido Rotatorio Aplicando Técnicas de Optimización Multiobjetivo
Authors: Huilcapi Subia Victor Manuel , Lima Cedillo Byron Xavier , Blasco Ferragud Francesc Xavier , Herrero Durá Juan Manuel
Published: September 2018

Este artículo muestra la aplicación de técnicas de optimización multiobjetivo, tanto para la identificación de parámetros de un modelo como para el ajuste de controladores. En particular, se propone una técnica para identificar los parámetros de un modelo en primeros principios para un péndulo invertido rotatorio aplicando una metodología de optimización multiobjetivo y datos experimentales. Así también la metodología se extiende a la sintonización de controladores PID y PI para el sistema en mención. En la aplicación de la metodología multiobjetivo se utilizan una serie de herramientas para cada una de las etapas. Como optimizador se ha utilizado una implementación basada en algoritmos evolutivos, ev-MOGA (Herrero et al., 2007). Para la fase de análisis de las soluciones del frente se utiliza la herramienta de visualización del frente de Pareto denominada level diagram (Blasco et al., 2017), que permite explorar satisfactoriamente el conjunto de soluciones óptimas de Pareto y seleccionar una de ellas de acuerdo con las preferencias del diseñador. Una ventaja que ofrece esta metodología es la fácil comprensión de las conflictos que aparecen entre los objetivos de diseño, permitiendo seleccionar una solución de compromiso satisfactoria de cuerdo a las preferencias del diseñador, sin perder de vista el conjunto de soluciones óptimas encontradas.
Mejora de la Vida Útil en los Módulos de Electrónica de Potencia de un BLDCM Mediante la Optimización de un Control Difuso
Authors: García López Manuel , Ponce P. , Soriano Luis A. , Molina A. , Rodriguez Jaime J.
Published: September 2018

El tiempo de vida útil en los elementos de electrónica de potencia en accionamientos eléctricos para motores de corriente directa sin escobillas BLDCM (por sus siglas en inglés Brushless Direct Current Motor), pueden verse afectados debido a las pérdidas por conmutación y conducción que aparecen durante su operación. Estas pérdidas normalmente no se considerarán en el diseño del controlador, por lo que su vida útil disminuye drásticamente o genera fallas prematuramente. El presente trabajo propone la optimización de un controlador difuso mediante el algoritmo PSO (por sus siglas en inglés Particle Swarm Optimization), este diseño considera la temperatura en los semiconductores y la velocidad mecánica del BLDCM, lo que permite incrementar la vida útil de los semiconductores utilizados en los módulos de electrónica de potencia, al mismo tiempo que alcanza la velocidad de referencia asignada. Finalmente, los resultados del controlador difuso optimizado (Difuso-PSO) propuesto se comparan con un controlador proporcional, derivativo e integral (PID) convencional, y un controlador difuso convencional. Estos resultados muestran ser superiores en comparación a los controladores convencionales, ya que incrementan el tiempo de vida de los semiconductores y alcanzan las velocidades de referencia establecidas. Adicionalmente, se emplea la co-simulación como una herramienta que permite diseñar, implementar y validar los resultados de manera confiable. En esta co-simulación la electrónica de potencia, el BLDCM y el controlador propuesto fueron diseñados en MultisimTM y LabVIEWTM de National Instrument (NI).
Detección y Aislamiento de Fallas en Sistemas de Manufactura desde el Enfoque de Redes Complejas
Authors: Reyes-Luévano Juan , Ruiz-Beltrán Elvia , Castañeda-Ramos L.A. , Orozco-Mora J.L.
Published: September 2018

En este trabajo se presenta una metodología de modelado, detección y aislamiento de fallas en la parte operativa de los Sistemas de Manufactura Flexible (SMF), desde el enfoque de la teoría de Redes Complejas (RC). Como resultado, se propone un esquema en línea de detección y localización de fallas, basado en la simetría estructural de interrelación y la dinámica no distinguible del modelo de red compleja. Además, se implementa un segundo esquema que se basa en la detección de una falla, a través de la observación de un cambio abrupto (producido por la falla) en la derivada de i-ésimo orden de las variables de estado, de una red de sistemas Lineales e Invariantes en el tiempo (LIT). En este contexto, un sistema de monitoreo en línea y adquisición de señales es desarrollado para validar los esquemas antes descritos en una Línea de Proceso de Enlatado (LPE). Los resultados teóricos y experimentales validan los esquemas y confirman la existencia de fenómenos como auto regulación, simetría y organización, en los sistemas de manufactura.
Print News and Raise Hell
Authors: Zogry Kenneth Joel
Published: September 2018

For over 125 years, the Daily Tar Heel has chronicled life at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and at times pushed and prodded the university community on issues of local, state, and national significance, including politics. The book engagingly narrates the story of the newspaper’s development and the contributions of many people associated with it. The book shows how the paper has wrestled with challenges to academic freedom, freedom of speech, and freedom of the press, while confronting issues such as the evolution of race, gender, and sexual equality on campus, and the long-standing concerns about the role of intercollegiate athletics at a major research university.
Crack-Brained Professors and Baby Radicals
Authors: Zogry Kenneth Joel
Published: September 2018

This chapter chronicles the student newspaper’s evolution to an on-campus daily publication in the 1920s, and how it rapidly professionalized and became both a critical laboratory for aspiring journalists, and helped to push for the creation of a school of journalism at UNC. The chapter also discusses causes the paper fought for or against, including defeat of the 1925 anti-evolution teaching bill in the state legislature, promotion of labor unions and rights in North Carolina’s mills and factories, and freedom for the students to have speakers on campus of all political persuasions. The chapter examines the universities growing reputation as a liberal institution, both in the classical sense and politically, and the beginnings of state politicians and media to question these issues, most notably David Clark. The first attempt to racially integrate the school, by Pauli Murray, is examined. Other topics covered include the Great Depression, the major university cheating scandal of 1936, the burning of all issues of a campus humor magazine considered indecent in 1939, and the anti-war sentiment at UNC, 1939-1941.
The Truth in Eight-Point Type
Authors: Zogry Kenneth Joel
Published: September 2018

This chapter takes the university and the student newspaper through World War II, the post-war boom, and the 1950s. Major topics include the Navy Pre-Flight Training School on campus, university expansion after the war, politics, race, and the growth of the intercollegiate athletic program. The role of university president Frank Porter Graham is examined in detail. The effects of the anti-Communist Red Scare and McCarthyism at UNC are discussed, including the national attention focused on students such as Junius Scales. The fight over desegregation, the Civil Rights Movement, and the role of editors including Charles Kuralt in this issue are covered. Problems with modern intercollegiate athletics at UNC, beginning after World War II, are examined in some detail.
Print News and Raise Hell
Authors: Zogry Kenneth Joel
Published: September 2018

This chapter covers the tumultuous 1960s at UNC and beyond, and at the Daily Tar Heel. The 1960 Dixie Classic, UNC’s most infamous sports scandal, is discussed, as is a 1961 speech on campus by President John F. Kennedy. The Civil Rights Movement is covered in detail, as Chapel Hill was a center for protest; the student newspaper took on a new activist role during this time, sending reporters across the South to report on Civil Rights events. The infamous Speaker Ban Law is examined in detail, 1963-1968. In 1963 UNC became completely co-educational, and the changes on campus and the issues facing women students is explored, including the role of the sexual revolution, access to birth control, and the fight over legalizing abortion. The major shift in state politics, away from one-party Democratic rule is discussed, and the rise of conservative politician Jesse Helms, who used UNC and the Daily Tar Heel as examples of extreme liberalism and permissiveness to help build his political base. The Vietnam War, the 1969 UNC Foodworker’s Strike, gay rights, and contributions of later renowned cartoonist Jeff MacNelly on the newspaper are other topics in this chapter
Introduction
Authors: Latner Teishan A.
Published: September 2018

Beginning with Stokely Carmichael’s appearance at the Organization of Latin American Solidarity conference in Havana in 1967, the Introduction traces the relationship between the Cuban Revolution and the multi-ethnic American Left, and the impact of this engagement upon U.S.-Cuba relations within the context of the Cold War, decolonization, and Third World nationalism. Focusing on the 1960s era, when America was engulfed in the social upheaval of Civil Rights and the Vietnam War, and concluding in the early 1990s, the Introduction argues that Cuba became the primary Third World influence on the U.S. Left for more than three decades. The Introduction briefly presents the book’s primary case studies, which include the formation of the Venceremos Brigade, the FBI’s surveillance of pro-Cuba activists, the airplane hijacking surge of 1968-1973, Cuban American leftwing activism, and Cuba’s provision of political asylum to U.S. activists.
The Crisis of the Union
Authors: Dilbeck D. H.
Published: September 2018

This chapter describes Douglass religious interpretation of the cataclysmic events of the American Civil War. It details how Douglass believed God worked through the conflict to end slavery. The chapter emphasizes Douglass’s deep hopefulness, even in dark times, that God would mysteriously move in history to eradicate slavery.
Reconstruction Battles over Racial and Gender Equality
Authors: Dilbeck D. H.
Published: September 2018

This chapter covers the Reconstruction era, as Douglass shifted his focus from abolition to the crusade for true racial and gender equality. It explains how Douglass’s uncompromising call for full political and civil equality for racial minorities and women was inspired by his prophetic Christian faith. The chapter shows how Douglass adapted his pre-war faith to decidedly new social and political problems after the Civil War.
Unraveling the Mysteries of God’s Providence and Progress
Authors: Dilbeck D. H.
Published: September 2018

This chapter summarizes a major theological concern of Douglass’s post-Civil War life: the nature of God’s providence and the place of moral progress in history. Contrary to conventional wisdom, which posits that Douglass increasingly doubted divine providence later in life, this chapter reveals how Douglass continued to adhere to a strong believe in God’s providential work in history to affect great social and moral improvement. This confidence in God’s providence proved foundational to Douglass’s enduring prophetic faith.
Joining an Activist Group
Authors: Coley Jonathan S.
Published: September 2018

This chapter addresses the question of why students join LGBT activist groups at Christian colleges and universities. Specifically, the chapter describes the pathways to participation for three groups of activists: politicized participants, religious participants, and LGBT participants. Politicized participants – those for whom politics and activism are central parts of their identity – all grew up in families that were highly supportive of LGBT rights and had all been involved in some type of activist organization as early as high school. Thus, they arrived at their Christian colleges and universities with a commitment to social justice and a proclivity toward activism. Conversely, religious participants – those whose religious convictions were most salient in their decisions to join LGBT groups – had all been raised in families that condemned homosexuality, and none had been involved in previous social movements. Only a few of these individuals even supported LGBT rights by the time they joined. Finally, LGBT participants – those who personally identify as LGBT but lack strong political or religious convictions – are the most diverse lot, but they all hold in common their basic support for LGBT rights and an interest in meeting other people like them. The chapter advances sociological theory on micromobilization.
Sexual Diplomacy
Authors: Takeuchi-Demirci Aiko
Published: September 2018

This chapter demonstrates how transnational religious networks, racial tensions, and competing sexual norms affected official policies during social and political changes in postwar Japan and the United States. Following World War II, U.S. intellectuals and political leaders feared that an overpopulated Japan posed a racial and ideological threat to global stability. Attributing Japan’s military expansionism during World War II to its high fertility, U.S. officials and scholars in Occupied Japan considered population control—primarily through the use of contraceptives—as vital to Japan’s peaceful recovery and transformation into a democratized ally. Against the backdrop of the Cold War and a growing Holocaust consciousness, American Catholic protesters raised the specters of genocide and imperialism to call attention to the eugenic ideas infiltrating the Anglo-Protestant mission to fight “overpopulation” in Japan and other parts of the developing world. American Catholic priests, Catholic organizations, and the Catholic press in Japan effectively used transnational networks to stymie what they saw as the rapid degeneration of sexual morals caused by the spread of contraceptives. The religious-inspired controversy over birth control policies in Japan was, for American Catholics, ultimately an interreligious American battle over the politics of procreation, sexual morality, and a national-racial future.
Modernizing Decency
Authors: Strub Whitney
Published: September 2018

Charles Keating, an ambitious young Cincinnati lawyer, founded Citizens for Decent Literature (CDL) in 1955. Though the social origins of CDL were rooted in Cincinnati’s conservative Catholic politics, Keating was able to recast antipornography politics for a national audience. CDL despised the influx of pornography washing over American society in the 1960s. This emphatic proclamation bespoke a comfort with modernity jarringly at odds with midcentury public perceptions of antismut activists—a very productive modernism that CDL harnessed to great effect over the course of the late 1950s and 1960s. Even as CDL pioneered new discursive formations, which often emanated directly out of obsolete earlier movements, it adopted the tropes and trappings of evolving social mores to reposition activism against obscenity and pornography not as retrograde but rather as an integral part of red-blooded, decent American citizenship. While the group faded from view during the 1970s, CDL set an important precedent for conservative groups in forwarding a sexually conservative, religiously motivated politics through modern, secular language. It also provided a model for future religious efforts at mainstreaming activism, such as the antiabortion movement, over a decade before abortion became a fulcrum for the hybrid movement known as the religious (or Christian) right.
Afterword
Authors: D’Emilio John
Published: September 2018

During a spring semester sabbatical in 2007, I spent a good chunk of time at the Gerber Hart Library in Chicago. As someone who had not done local community history before, I wanted to immerse myself in the materials of a city whose LGBT history had not yet received a great deal of attention. Working my way through the organizational newsletters and community-based newspapers produced in the 1970s, the first decade after the birth of a gay liberation movement, I was struck by how much content was related to religion....
Telling Stories
Authors: Welch Kimberly M.
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines how black litigants in the antebellum U.S. South learned to tell legal stories. It follows three cases in which litigants mediated and navigated slavery and its attendant concepts about race through contested narratives told in legal settings. The exploration of how black litigants seized upon narrative structures, how they constructed competing narratives, and how opponents challenged the meanings of those stories illuminates a far more complex legal culture of slavery than any straightforward story of domination and subordination.
We Want Equality Now
Authors: Gershenhorn Jerry
Published: September 2018

During the decade following the Brown decision, Austin worked relentlessly for public school integration, as North Carolina’s government officials implemented policies to stop or stall enforcement of the Brown decision. When southern white conservatives cried out for states’ rights in denouncing the Brown decision, Austin denounced their claim as a sham, whose sole purpose was to perpetuate white supremacy.
The Gospel of the Sit-In
Authors: Gershenhorn Jerry
Published: September 2018

During the 1960s, Austin lent his talents and his newspaper in support of the direct action movement in Durham and throughout the state. Unlike many other black leaders in the city, he immediately and enthusiastically embraced an early sit-in in Durham that began in 1957, three years before the more celebrated Greensboro lunch counter sit-ins. He also aided a boycott of white retail businesses that refused to hire black workers by publishing the names of those businesses in the Carolina Times. This strategy was quite effective in forcing white businesses to hire African Americans. Austin’s efforts and those of countless civil rights activists led to major freedom struggle successes with the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
Epilogue
Authors: Gershenhorn Jerry
Published: September 2018

After Austin’s death in 1971, his daughter Vivian Edmonds published the paper from 1971 until 2002. Under Edmonds’ leadership, the paper continued to provide an important voice for the black community, especially during the 1970s and 1980s, when blacks succeeded in increasing their political power in the city and county of Durham. Since 2002, Edmonds’s son Kenneth has published the newspaper. Austin’s daughter and grandson have carried on Louis Austin’s legacy of speaking truth to power, providing a critical voice for the black community in Durham.
Introduction
Authors: Walsh Camille
Published: September 2018

This chapter introduces the concept of taxpayer citizenship and its role in constructing racial inequalities in U.S. history. In particular, the introduction examines the way taxpayer identity has often served as code for whiteness and as an alibi for racial segregation. This chapter also examines the connections between taxes and rights in the history of racial inequality in the U.S. and identifies the pitfalls of justifying policy and spending through the language of taxpayer rights.
Let Them Plow
Authors: Walsh Camille
Published: September 2018

Chapter Two examines a handful of pivotal Supreme Court cases brought against school desegregation at the turn of the century and the first few decades of the 20th century. The Cumming v. Georgia case in 1899 indicated a demand for equality on the basis of taxpayer status that was understood by the plaintiffs to be intertwined with race, a demand that was interpreted by the Supreme Court only in the language of taxation and federalism. This chapter also highlights regional variations and a number of cases brought at the height of Jim Crow segregation by people of color who fell outside the black-white paradigm, even if courts then imposed it on them.
Conclusion
Authors: Walsh Camille
Published: September 2018

The conclusion briefly traces the repercussions of the project of taxpayer identity and legal racial liberalism in the post-Rodriguez era, looking at school financing cases at the state court level in the 1980s and 1990s, as well as partial victories for educational access, such as Plyler v. Doe, in 1981. Recent taxpayer rights claims to "take back" school districts (and school funding) are a significant continuation of the same articulations of whiteness that pervade the history of property tax-based school funding. This chapter argues that the remaining high level of racial segregation and inadequate, unequal educational funding can only be remedied through a more integrated legal understanding of the historical connections between race and class, taxation and inequality.
Putinomics
Authors: Miller Chris
Published: September 2018

When Vladimir Putin first took power in 1999, he was a little-known figure ruling a country that was reeling from a decade and a half of crisis. In the years since, he has reestablished Russia as a great power. How did he do it? What principles have guided Putin's economic policies? What patterns can be discerned? In this new analysis of Putin's Russia, Chris Miller examines its economic policy and the tools Russia's elite have used to achieve its goals. Miller argues that despite Russia's corruption, cronyism, and overdependence on oil as an economic driver, Putin's economic strategy has been surprisingly successful. Explaining the economic policies that underwrote Putin's two-decades-long rule, Miller shows how, at every juncture, Putinomics has served Putin's needs by guaranteeing economic stability and supporting his accumulation of power. Even in the face of Western financial sanctions and low oil prices, Putin has never been more relevant on the world stage.
Reforging the Russian State
Authors: Miller Chris
Published: September 2018

The persistent weakness of Russia’s state institutions was a major cause of the tumult of the 1990s. Yeltsin and his ministers took important steps to bolster government effectiveness, but the crucial changes were made by Putin. He employed a two-pronged strategy. First, he collected a group of economically liberal technocrats around German Gref, who implemented a wide range of governance reforms, most of which were applauded by investors and economists alike. Second, Putin initiated a crackdown on tax avoidance, the most important victim of which was Mikhail Khodorkovsky’s Yukos oil company. Khodorkovsky threatened Putin politically, but he also undermined Putin’s ability to collect taxes. After Khodorkovsky’s takedown, tax revenue spiked, and Putin followed the Yukos affair with a PR campaign to convince businesses that their investments were safe so long as they paid taxes and stayed out of politics. Most businesses accepted the bargain.
Rise of the Energy Giants
Authors: Miller Chris
Published: September 2018

Forcing energy firms to pay taxes was one of Putin’s greatest successes, but the methods he used exacerbated Russia’s most persistent problem: a corrupt and inefficient energy sector. Khodorkovsky’s Yukos company was handed over to Rosneft, a new state-owned oil champion controlled by Putin’s long-time associate Igor Sechin. At the same time, Putin established control over the natural gas monopoly, Gazprom, without taking serious steps to reform governance. The 2000s did see some positive steps in the energy sector, particularly with regard to a new tax regime that provided strong incentives for firms to increase output—and Russia’s oil and gas output surged forward as a result. Yet a significant portion of Russia’s energy windfall was wasted through corruption and mismanagement.
Restructuring Russian Industry
Authors: Miller Chris
Published: September 2018

As the macroeconomic environment stabilized, business rushed to invest. Westerners often focus on ‘capital flight’ out of Russia, but the reality is that the 2000s were a boom period for investment by Russian and foreigners. The results were widely evident, as new businesses opened and productivity shot up. In sectors such as retail and steel, for example, productivity levels doubled relative to the United States, the productivity leader. Russian firms still trail far behind, but during the 2000s they made great strides.
Russia is often criticized for being overly dependent on oil and gas. Certainly the country would benefit from a more diversified economy. Yet it is wrong to credit economic growth during the Putin era simply to high oil prices. Windfall oil profits are capable of boosting consumption, but they do not increase productivity. The fact that Russian firms increased productivity so rapidly shows that other factors—a stable macroeconomic climate coupled with the tenacity of Russia’s entrepreneurs—were powering the economy forward.