bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current Challenges and Future Trends in Analytical Fragility and Vulnerability Modeling
Authors: Silva Vitor , Akkar Sinan , Baker Jack , Bazzurro Paolo , Castro José Miguel , Crowley Helen , Dolsek Matjaz , Galasso Carmine , Lagomarsino Sergio , Monteiro Ricardo , Perrone Daniele , Pitilakis Kyriazis , Vamvatsikos Dimitrios
Published: April 2019

The lack of empirical data regarding earthquake damage or losses has propelled the development of dozens of analytical methodologies for the derivation of fragility and vulnerability functions. Each method will naturally have its strengths and weaknesses, which will consequently affect the associated risk estimates. With the purpose of sharing knowledge on vulnerability modeling, identifying shortcomings in the existing methods, and recommending improvements to the current practice, a group of vulnerability experts met in Pavia (Italy) in April 2017. Critical topics related to the selection of ground motion records, modeling of complex real structures through simplified approaches, propagation of aleatory and epistemic uncertainties, and validation of vulnerability results were discussed, and suggestions were proposed to improve the reliability and accuracy in vulnerability modeling.
Advancing Cancer Research in Africa Through Early-Career Awards: The BIG Cat Initiative
Authors: Vogel Amanda L. , Freeman Jordan A. , Duncan Kalina , Alaro James , Welch John J. , Rodrigues Belmira , Vanderpuye Verna , Harford Joe B. , Williams Makeda
Published: April 2019

PURPOSE

The burden of cancer in Africa is growing rapidly, and increased cancer research on the continent is a critical component of an effective response. In 2010, the US National Cancer Institute, in partnership with the African Organization for Research and Training in Cancer, launched the Beginning Investigator Grant for Catalytic Research (BIG Cat) initiative to support cancer research projects conducted by early-career African investigators.

METHODS

To date, BIG Cat has provided 18 awards of up to $50,000 to support 2-year cancer research projects. In 2017, the National Cancer Institute evaluated BIG Cat’s early outcomes for cancer research and impacts on career development and local cancer research capacity. Data collection consisted of a review of project documentation and a survey fielded to the 12 investigators who had completed their BIG Cat awards.

RESULTS

BIG Cat–supported research projects have generated locally relevant findings that address a range of cancer sites and multiple areas of scientific interest. The 11 survey respondents produced 43 scholarly products (e.g., publications, presentations) about findings from their BIG Cat research. They reported increases in cancer research funding applications and awards after receipt of the BIG Cat award compared with before the award. They also reported increased resources for cancer research, participation in teaching and mentoring on cancer research, and supervision of cancer research staff. Investigators identified scientific mentoring as a key facilitator of the success of their BIG Cat projects and limited time and funding as key challenges.

CONCLUSION

Findings provide early evidence that BIG Cat advanced locally relevant cancer research and facilitated career advancement and development of local cancer research capacity. Findings have implications for the design of future related efforts.
Blood Pressure Profile, Catecholamine Phenotype, and Target Organ Damage in Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma
Authors: Petrák Ondřej , Rosa Ján , Holaj Robert , Štrauch Branislav , Krátká Zuzana , Kvasnička Jan , Klímová Judita , Waldauf Petr , Hamplová Barbora , Markvartová Alice , Novák Květoslav , Michalský David , Widimský Jiří , Zelinka Tomáš
Published: April 2019

Context

Impaired diurnal blood pressure (BP) variability is related to higher cardiovascular risk.

Objective

To assess diurnal variability of BP and its relation to target organ damage (TOD) and catecholamine phenotype in a consecutive sample of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL).

Design

We included 179 patients with PPGL All patients underwent 24 hours of ambulatory BP monitoring to determine dipping status. Differences in plasma metanephrine or urine adrenaline were used to distinguish catecholamine biochemical phenotype. To evaluate TOD, renal functions, presence of left ventricle hypertrophy (LVH), and the subgroup (n = 111) carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) were assessed. Structural equation modeling was used to find the relationship among nocturnal dipping, catecholamine phenotype, and TOD parameters.

Results

According to the nocturnal dipping, patients were divided into the three groups: dippers (28%), nondippers (40%), and reverse dippers (32%). Reverse dippers were older (P < 0.05), with a higher proportion of noradrenergic (NA) phenotype (P < 0.05), a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (P < 0.05), and sustained arterial hypertension (P < 0.01) and its duration (P < 0.05), as opposed to the other groups. All parameters of TOD were more pronounced only in reverse dippers compared with nondippers and dippers. The presence of NA phenotype (=absence of adrenaline production) was associated with reverse dipping and TOD (LVH and PWV).

Conclusions

Patients with reverse dipping had more substantial TOD compared with other groups. The NA phenotype plays an important role, not only in impaired diurnal BP variability but also independently from dipping status in more pronounced TOD of heart and vessels.
Dose Dependency of Iatrogenic Glucocorticoid Excess and Adrenal Insufficiency and Mortality: A Cohort Study in England
Authors: Mebrahtu Teumzghi F , Morgan Ann W , Keeley Adam , Baxter Paul D , Stewart Paul M , Pujades-Rodriguez Mar
Published: April 2019

Context

Adrenal insufficiency and Cushing syndrome are known adverse events of glucocorticoids. However, no population estimates of dose-related risks are available.

Objective

To investigate dose-related risks of adrenal dysfunction and death in adults with six chronic inflammatory diseases treated with oral glucocorticoids.

Design and setting

Retrospective, record-linkage, open-cohort study spanning primary and hospital care in England.

Patients

A total of 70,638 oral glucocorticoid users and 41,166 nonusers aged ≥18 years registered in 389 practices in 1998 to 2017.

Main outcome measures

Incidence rates and hazard ratios (HRs) of diagnosed adrenal dysfunction and death.

Results

During a median follow-up of 5.5 years, 183 patients had glucocorticoid-induced adrenal insufficiency and 248 had glucocorticoid-induced Cushing syndrome. A total of 22,317 (31.6%) and 7544 (18.3%) deaths occurred among glucocorticoid users and nonusers, respectively. The incidence of all outcomes increased with higher current daily and cumulative doses. For adrenal insufficiency, the increases in HRs were 1.07 (95% CI: 1.04 to 1.09) for every increase of 5 mg per day and 2.25 (95% CI: 2.15 to 2.35) per 1000 mg of cumulative prednisolone-equivalent dose over the past year. The respective increases in HRs for Cushing syndrome were 1.09 (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.11) and 2.31 (95% CI: 2.23 to 2.40) and for mortality 1.26 (95% CI: 2.24 to 1.28) and 2.05 (95% CI: 2.04 to 2.06).

Conclusion

We report a high glucocorticoid dose-dependent increased risk of adrenal adverse events and death. The low observed absolute risk of adrenal insufficiency highlights a potential lack of awareness and a need for increased physician and patient education about the risks of adrenal dysfunction induced by glucocorticoids.
Health-Related Quality of Life in Turner Syndrome and the Influence of Growth Hormone Therapy: A 20-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Krantz Emily , Landin-Wilhelmsen Kerstin , Trimpou Penelope , Bryman Inger , Wide Ulla
Published: April 2019

Context

The factors that affect the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of women with Turner syndrome (TS) are controversial.

Objective

The aim was to describe the HRQoL of women with TS with a focus on how given GH treatment and comorbidity influence HRQoL in adulthood and to compare HRQoL of women with TS with that of women in the general population.

Design

Longitudinal cohort study, up to 20 years.

Setting

The Turner Center at the Section for Endocrinology and Department of Reproductive Medicine at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Participants

Women with TS (n = 200), age range 16 to 78 years, were included consecutively and monitored every fifth year between 1995 and 2018. Women from the World Health Organization MONItoring of trends and determinants for CArdiovascular disease project were used as reference populations.

Interventions and Main Outcome Measures

HRQoL was measured using the Psychological General Well-Being index and the Nottingham Health Profile. Associations with somatic variables were assessed using longitudinal linear regression models.

Results

HRQoL was not associated with GH treatment in TS in spite of a mean 5.7 cm taller height. HRQoL was only associated with height per se in one of 13 subscales (P < 0.01). HRQoL was negatively affected by higher age, higher age at diagnosis, and hearing impairment in TS. Women with TS reported a similar HRQoL to the reference population.

Conclusions

No association between previous GH treatment and HRQoL was found during the up to 20 years of follow-up in women with TS. HRQoL of women with TS and the reference population was similar.
Enriching Solutions to Combinatorial Problems via Solution Engineering
Authors: Petit Thierry , Trapp Andrew C.
Published: April 2019

Existing approaches to identify multiple solutions to combinatorial problems in practice are at best limited in their ability to simultaneously incorporate both diversity among generated solutions and problem-specific desires that may only be discovered or articulated by the user after further analysis of solver output. We propose a general framework for problems of a combinatorial nature that can generate a set of of multiple (near-)optimal, diverse solutions that are further infused with desirable features. We call our approach solution engineering. A key novelty is that desirable solution properties need not be explicitly modeled in advance. We customize the framework to both the mathematical programming and constraint programming technologies, and we subsequently demonstrate its practicality by implementing and then conducting computational experiments on existing test instances from the literature. Our computational results confirm the very real possibility of generating sets of solutions infused with features that might otherwise remain undiscovered.
Dynamic Decision Making in Sequential Business-to-Business Auctions: A Structural Econometric Approach
Authors: Lu Yixin , Gupta Alok , Ketter Wolfgang , van Heck Eric
Published: April 2019

We develop a dynamic structural model of competitive bidding in multiunit sequential business-to-business auctions. Our model accounts for two notable characteristics of these auctions: (i) bidders have multiple purchase opportunities for the same product, and (ii) winning bidders in each round can acquire multiple units of the same product. We apply the model to bidding data from the world’s largest flower wholesale market at which trades are facilitated through fast-paced, sequential, Dutch auctions. Using a two-step estimation approach, we are able to recover the structural parameters effectively and efficiently. We then conduct policy counterfactuals to evaluate the performance of alternative design choices. The results suggest that the current auction practice still has ample room for improvement. In light of this, we propose an optimization framework that can facilitate auctioneers’ decisions in making the trade-off between revenue maximization and operational efficiency.

This paper was accepted by Lorin Hitt, information systems.
Evolução dos Paleocanais da Região Costeira do Rio Grande do Sul durante o Quaternário Tardio
Authors: Weschenfelder Jair , Correa Iran Carlos Stalliviere
Published: April 2019

Resumo            Registros sísmicos revelaram a presença de canais soterrados que dissecavam a planície costeira do Rio Grande do Sul (RS) no Quaternário Tardio. Dois sistemas distintos de paleocanais foram estabelecidos na Lagoa dos Patos: a) “Pleistoceno tardio”, soterrado por um pacote sedimentar de areias e lamas costeiras; b) “Pleistoceno tardio/Holoceno”, recoberto por um pacote de lamas lagunares. O preenchimento dos canais mais novos é de idade holocênica, como indica a datação radiométrica; a sua incisão está relacionada com a última regressão marinha do Pleistoceno tardio, correspondente ao estágio 2 do isótopo de oxigênio. A incisão e o preenchimento do sistema mais antigo estão relacionados ao evento regressivo-transgressivo anterior, correspondente aos estágios isotópicos de oxigênio 6-5. Os paleocanais podem ser conectados com os paleovales previamente reconhecidos na plataforma e talude continental adjacente. Na planície costeira os paleocanais são correlacionados aos cursos atuais dos rios Jacuí e Camaquã.
High-Resolution SD-OCT and EDI-OCT in the Evaluation and Management of Multifocal Serpiginoed Choroditis
Authors: Taleb Eman Abo , Nagpal Manish P. , Mehrotra Navneet S.
Published: April 2019

Purpose
To describe spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and enhanced depth image OCT (EDI-OCT) findings of multifocal serpiginoid choroditis (MSC) , including affected layer of retinal involvement, changes at the vitreoretinal interface, and response to therapy.

Methods
A retrospective review of 20 eyes (14 patients) with MSC. Each patient underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination, fundus photography, fundus autoflorecence (FAF) and OCT imaging of the affected retina at the initial visit and on each follow-up.

Results
In acute stage, SD-OCT showed hyperreflective areas involving the outer retinal layers which include retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), photoreceptor outer segment tips (POST), inner segment–outer segment (IS/OS) junction, external limiting membrane (ELM), and outer nuclear layer (ONL) with choroidal and intraretinal layer cells infiltrate. EDI-OCT showed increase choroidal thickness.

As the lesions began to heal, irregular, knobby elevations of outer retinal layers appeared (RPE, POST, IS/OS junction, and ELM could not be distinguished) with significant decrease in choroidal and intraretinal cells.

On complete healing, loss of RPE, POST, IS/OS junction, and ELM in SD-OCT scan and absent of the choroidal and intraretinal cells and continous hyperreflactivity of the choroid (increased penetrance).

Conclusion
SD-OCT and EDI-OCT provides high-resolution detail regarding ultrastructural changes in vitreoretinal interface, outer retina and choroid during the course of the lesion. Serial SD-OCT and EDI-OCT also provides further insight into response to therapy by observing choroidal and intraretinal cells.
Cyclooxygenase-2 and Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 Are Overexpressed in Mucinous Pancreatic Cysts
Authors: Mensah Elsie T. , Smyrk Thomas , Zhang Lizhi , Bick Benjamin , Wood-Wentz Christina M. , Buttar Navtej , Chari Suresh T. , Gleeson Ferga C. , Kendrick Michael , Levy Michael , Pearson Randall , Petersen Bret T. , Vege Santhi , Enders Felicity , Limburg Paul , Topazian Mark
Published: April 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Expression of prostaglandin biosynthetic pathway enzymes in mucinous pancreatic cysts is unknown. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition is a potential cancer chemoprevention strategy for these lesions. We evaluated the expression of COX-2, cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), and protein kinase B (AKT) in the epithelium of pancreatic cysts and correlated enzyme expression with aspirin (ASA) use and cyst fluid prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentration.

METHODS:

Pathology of 80 resected pancreatic cysts was reviewed. Expression of COX-2, cPLA2, and AKT was quantified by tissue immunohistochemistry immunoreactivity scores (IRSs). IRS values were compared between cyst types and (in 30 cases) with matched cyst fluid PGE2 concentrations.

RESULTS:

The mean IRS was higher in the epithelium of mucinous vs nonmucinous cysts for COX-2 (6.1 ± 4.7 vs 3.2 ± 2.8, P = 0.01) and cPLA2 (6.9 ± 3.0 vs 2.9 ± 2.9, P < 0.001). Cyst epithelial COX-2 expression was higher in mucinous cysts with low-grade dysplasia vs those with high-grade dysplasia or invasive carcinoma (IRS 8.0 ± 3.9 vs 1.5 ± 2.9, P < 0.001), whereas the opposite was found for cPLA2 (6.2 ± 3.0 vs 8.6 ± 2.3, P = 0.005). Cyst fluid PGE2 concentrations did not correlate with either the IRS or a history of low- to moderate-dose ASA use.

CONCLUSIONS:

COX-2 and cPLA2 are overexpressed in the epithelium of mucinous pancreatic cysts. COX-2 and/or cPLA2 inhibition might prevent the emergence or progression of mucinous pancreatic cysts, but higher doses of ASA or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be necessary to substantially inhibit cyst epithelial COX-2 activity.
Con y contra la economía política del castigo: algunas reflexiones sobre Bourdieu y el castigo
Authors: Sánchez Ignacio González
Published: April 2019

El siguiente trabajo tiene como objetivo hacer algunas propuestas con el ánimo de intentar superar algunas de las limitaciones de la economía política del castigo. Para ello, se señalarán algunas de las principales aportaciones de esta corriente, a fin de reconocerles su valor e intentar mantenerlas en  futuros trabajos. A continuación se repasarán algunas de las críticas más recurrentes. En la tercera parte se propondrán algunas soluciones a partir del trabajo del sociólogo Pierre Bourdieu, quien en su propia obra se planteó superar algunas limitaciones de los enfoques marxistas.
Visiones del dispositivo penal juvenil en la provincia de Santa Fe. Un recorrido por el Programa Libertad Asistida
Authors: Puyol María Victoria
Published: April 2019

Este trabajo busca presentar las visiones del dispositivo penal juvenil a través de la perspectiva de los operadores ejecutivos del Programa Libertad Asistida. A lo largo de las últimas décadas, en la Argentina, se han producido una serie de cambios normativos orientados a transformar la forma en la que se define la infancia y la adolescencia así como las maneras de organizar y regular las agencias gubernamentales que intervienen sobre las mismas.Este artículo pretende indagar la manera en la que esos cambios normativos impactaron en el segmento ejecutivo del dispositivo penal juvenil en la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina. A partir de sus voces de los operadores ejecutivos del Programa Libertad Asistida, reconstruimos sus posiciones y representaciones en torno a los elementos cristalizados del dispositivo penal juvenil.
Endodontia Guiada como alternativa para o tratamento de canais severamente calcificados
Authors: Lara-Mendes Sônia T. de O. , Barbosa Camila de Freitas M. , Machado Vinícius C. , Santa-Rosa Caroline C.
Published: April 2019

Introdução: a calcificação pulpar é um dos fatores que tornam o tratamento endodôntico desafiador e capaz de comprometer o acesso dos instrumentos e soluções irrigadoras por toda extensão do canal radicular, impossibilitando sua adequada desinfecção. A Endodontia Guiada traz mais previsibilidade e segurança ao tratamento endodôntico nessa situação complexa. Métodos: uma vez constatada calcificação severa com necessidade de intervenção endodôntica, o paciente é encaminhado ao centro radiológico para o planejamento da Endodontia Guiada. Um modelo 3D da arcada a ser tratada é obtido por meio de um scanner de bancada e, posteriormente, transferido para um software de planejamento virtual de implante. A TCFC é adicionada a esse software e ambas são sobrepostas, com base em estruturas visíveis radiograficamente. O software Simplant é programado para projetar uma broca física, utilizada para o acesso endodôntico guiado, sobreposta virtualmente à calcificação do canal radicular. De posse da guia impressa, essa é posicionada na arcada do paciente e o procedimento clínico, executado. Conclusão: a técnica de Endodontia Guiada é rápida, previsível e clinicamente viável. Além disso, pode ser executada por profissionais menos experientes, não necessitando da utilização de microscópio operatório.
Resistência à fratura de dentes tratados endodonticamente reforçados com pinos customizados de fibra de vidro e carbono
Authors: Carvalho Thaise Ferreira , Frazão Adriana Rodrigues , Dias Junior Luiz Carlos de Lima , Castro Roberta Fonseca de , Klautau Eliza Burlamaqui , Silva Juliana Melo da
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: o objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a resistência à fratura de quatro tipos de pinos intrarradiculares pré-fabricados: fibra de vidro, fibra de vidro customizado com resina composta, fibra de carbono e fibra de carbono customizado com resina, em dentes bovinos. Métodos: foram utilizados 60 dentes bovinos unirradiculares, que receberam tratamento endodôntico e foram divididos nos seguintes grupos: FV = pino de fibra de vidro; FVP = pino de fibra de vidro customizado; FC = pino de fibra de carbono; FCP = pino de fibra de carbono customizado; e Controle = restauração coronária com resina composta. Os dentes foram inseridos em blocos de resina acrílica, a 2 mm da junção amelocementária, simulando a interface dente-osso. Os espécimes foram submetidos ao teste de resistência à fratura em máquina de ensaio universal, sob uma carga de 0,5mm/min, até a fratura do corpo de prova. Os valores obtidos foram submetidos ao teste ANOVA, com pós-teste de Tukey. Foi realizada, também, uma análise dos padrões de fratura, por meio do teste Kruskal- -Wallis. Resultados: o grupo FCP mostrou os maiores valores de resistência à fratura, seguido pelos grupos FV, FVP e FC. O grupo controle mostrou menor resistência do que os demais, que receberam pinos intrarradiculares. Os pinos de FVP apresentaram o maior número de fraturas reparáveis, em contraste ao controle, no qual houve o maior número de fraturas desfavoráveis. Conclusão: o uso de pinos customizados reduziu a incidência de fraturas catastróficas. A ausência de pino intrarradicular ocasionou a maior incidência de fraturas irreparáveis.
Cirurgia parendodôntica — apicectomia e obturação simultânea dos canais radiculares com agregado trióxido mineral (MTA): relato de caso clínico
Authors: Fehlberg Bruna Kelly , Bittencourt Graziella
Published: April 2019

Introdução: com a finalidade de preservar o órgão dentário e, assim, colaborar para um adequado funcionamento do sistema estomatognático, deve-se considerar que, nas circunstâncias em que o tratamento endodôntico convencional não obtém os resultados desejados, é preciso recorrer à cirurgia parendodôntica, de forma a remover todas as causas da persistência da lesão periapical, bem como em muitos casos solucionar o problema do paciente, devolvendo-lhe a saúde e o bem-estar. Relato de caso: paciente do sexo masculino, 27 anos de idade, apresentava o incisivo lateral superior direito (#12) com exsudação persistente, mesmo após a instrumentação do canal radicular e trocas de medicação intracanal realizada com pasta de hidróxido de cálcio. No presente caso clínico, optou-se como forma de tratamento pela cirurgia parendodôntica com obturação do canal radicular simultânea ao ato cirúrgico. Após curetagem da lesão e apicectomia, realizou-se a obturação do canal radicular com agregado trióxido mineral (5 mm apicais) via câmara pulpar. Resultados: o exame histopatológico apontou um cisto infectado secundariamente. Conclusão: as técnicas cirúrgicas empregadas foram adequadas para esse caso, o que ficou demonstrado tanto clínica quanto radiograficamente, através da neoformação óssea e da ausência de sintomatologia, evidenciando o sucesso do caso.
Uso do sistema XP-Endo para limpeza do sistema de canais radiculares em dente com reabsorção radicular interna e necrose pulpar: relato de caso
Authors: Rosa Viviane Loiola Andrade da , Rodrigues Renata Costa Val , Andrade Junior Carlos Vieira
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: este estudo reporta um caso clínico de reabsorção radicular interna em um dente com necrose pulpar que foi submetido ao tratamento endodôntico no qual, na fase de preparo químico-mecânico, foi utilizada uma técnica suplementar de irrigação com o instrumento XP-Endo Finisher. Métodos: após radiografia para diagnóstico e realização dos testes semiotécnicos, fez-se a instrumentação com sistema Protaper Universal, ativação da substância irrigadora utilizada (digluconato de clorexidina a 2%), com o sistema XP-Endo Finisher, remoção da smear layer, com EDTA a 17% ativada com o mesmo sistema, inserção de medicação intracanal Calen, com paramonoclorofenol, e selamento provisório da coroa dentária, com coltosol. Na segunda sessão, realizou-se a obturação utilizando a técnica de Schilder associada à técnica híbrida de Tagger. Conclusão: o sistema XP-Endo Finisher se mostrou eficaz como técnica suplementar de irrigação, capaz de favorecer a limpeza do sistema de canais radiculares.
Influência da técnica de preparo apical na desinfecção e modelagem dos canais radiculares: revisão de literatura
Authors: Marion Jefferson José de Carvalho , Soares Edy Carlos de Alencar , Herrera Daniel Rodrigo , Barroso Arthur Pimentel , Prado Maíra , Zaia Alexandre Augusto
Published: April 2019

Introdução: um dos objetivos da terapia endodôntica é a redução dos fatores microbianos no interior dos canais radiculares, o que pode ser conseguido por meio do preparo químico-mecânico (PQM). O PQM tem como finalidade criar um ambiente propício à condição de reparo, por meio da limpeza e modelagem do sistema de canais radiculares (SCR), que associa a ação mecânica dos instrumentos ao uso de substâncias químicas auxiliares. Em relação ao limite apical desse preparo e ao diâmetro apical final da instrumentação, podemos observar que não há consenso entre os profissionais. Introdução: o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar, por meio de uma revisão de literatura, a eficiência de duas técnicas no preparo e desinfecção do terço apical do SCR: a técnica de ampliação foraminal e a técnica de batente apical com manutenção da patência foraminal. Métodos: foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados PubMed, Medline, BBO, Lilacs e SciELO, usando os seguintes termos: canal radicular, forame apical, endodontia, lima de patência, tamanho apical, lima apical final, preparo biomecânico, ampliação foraminal, comprimento de trabalho, anatomia dental, tratamento endodôntico, patência foraminal, preparo do canal radicular e batente apical. Cada um desses termos foi combinado utilizando os operadores booleanos E/OU. Após leitura dos resumos, 65 artigos foram selecionados e incluídos nessa revisão. Resultados: os resultados demonstraram que o alargamento do terço apical, seja com ou sem ampliação foraminal, parece favorecer o prognóstico do tratamento endodôntico, devido à redução do conteúdo infeccioso em toda a extensão do SCR. A manutenção da patência foraminal é um fator essencial para um PQM adequado quando a técnica de batente apical é realizada. Conclusão: conclui-se que preparos apicais mais amplos promovem resultados mais previsíveis, e que a ampliação foraminal possibilita o melhor debridamento e desinfeção do SCR.
ESTIMASI POSISI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KAMERA MONOKULAR
Authors: Afrisal Hadha , Soesanti Indah , Cahyadi Adha Imam
Published: April 2019

Pada mobile robot yang memiliki sensor utama hanya berupa kamera, estimasi posisi robot relatif terhadap landmark-landmark visual dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan multiple view geometry. Hal tersebut berguna bagi robot untuk bernavigasi serta melakukan localization dan mapping secara bersamaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mensimulasikan algoritma estimasi posisi yang merupakan langkah awal pada monocular SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) 2-dimensi. Penelitian akan membahas tentang fungsi kamera sebagai sensor posisi untuk mobile robot dengan menitikberatkan diskusi pada transformasi citra dengan menggunakan model kamera pinhole dengan parameter intrinsik dan ekstrinsiknya. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, estimasi pose dan posisi terhadap citra papan catur (checkerboard) berhasil memetakan jarak dan sudut dengan cukup akurat dan dengan error estimasi yang cukup kecil, yakni 2,9 mm untuk estimasi jarak, dan 0.3° untuk estimasi sudut. Simulasi algoritma pose estimation juga telah dilakukan secara offline dengan menggunakan 1200 buah image sequences yang diekstraksi dari citra video.
SISTEM KONTROL PROPORSIONAL-INTEGRAL PADA PROSES PASTEURISASI SUSU
Authors: Dharmawan Andre , Marthen Billy , Adam Fadliansyah , Sari Intan Permata , Maulana Rizky
Published: April 2019

Pasteurisasi merupakan proses pemanas yang terjadi pada produk dibawah titik didih untuk membunuh bakteri agar tetap terjaga kualitas susu. Pada pasteurisasi ini kita bisa memakai LTLT (Low Temperature Long Time) dengan proses pemanas dilakukan selama 30 menit dan HTST (High Temperature Short Time) proses pemanasnya dilakukan selama 15-16 detik. Dengan pasteurisasi diharapkan bisa menghambat bakteri agar tidak masuk ke susu  dan mengontrol perkembangan bakteri agar tidak merusak kualitas susu. Sehingga jika dikonsumsi tidak membahayakan kesehatan manusia dan dampaknya bisa menjadi banyak manfaat bagi kesehatan manusia. Didalam susu ada berbagai macam nutrisi (seperti kalsium, protein vitamin, magnesium, fosfor dan masih banyak lagi) jika dikelola secara baik dan benar. Jadi didalam penelitian ini dikembangkan alat untuk menjaga susu agar tetap stabil dalam proses pasteurisasi susu. Pada penelitian ini akan membuat sistem kontroller yang tertanam di kontroller PI untuk mengontrol aktuator dalam bentuk pemanas listrik yang mendapatkan masukan dari sensor suhu MAX6675 K-Thermocouple. Dari hasil pengujian ini setpoint suhu maksimumnya 60°C diperoleh nilai P mencapai 63°C, nilai PI mencapai suhu 63°C, nilai PD mencapai suhu 69°C, nilai PID mencapai suhu 69°C. Hasil dari kontroler PI untuk menstabilkan suhu lebih cepat dan mampu mempertahankan suhu yang baik.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM KONTROL OVER/UNDER VOLTAGE RELAY BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER PADA SALURAN TEGANGAN 220VAC
Authors: Arsyad Billy Mahdianto , Sofwan Aghus , Nugroho Agung
Published: April 2019

Gangguan distribusi listrik mengakibatkan terhambatnya aktivitas manusia sehari-hari. Gangguan yang terjadi dapat berbagai macam antara lain adalah lonjakan atau penurunan tegangan listrik (over/under voltage) dan ketidakstabilan tegangan listrik. Untuk itu dibuatlah perancangan sistem kontrol over/under voltage relay ini menggunakan mikrokontroler STM32F103C8T6 dengan aktuatornya berupa relay. Keluaran tegangan rata-rata pada regulator untuk suplai mikrokontroler adalah 3.31V dan 5V. Untuk membaca nilai tegangan AC dari keluaran variable transformator atau listrik normal menggunakan sensor ZMPT101B yang menggunakan penundaan T/4OSG (Orthogonal Signal Generator). Pengaturan gain yang dilakukan pada sensor sebesar VPP=0,72V dilakukan pada tegangan terukur VAC=210 V, dimana nilai VPP adalah tegangan puncak antara positif dengan negatif gelombang keluaran ZMPT101B. Gelombang tersebut berosilasi pada nilai minimum 1,32 V dan nilai maksimum 2,040 V dengan titik offset VDC sebesar 1,677V. Nilai offset ini tidak bernilai 1,65V dikarenakan menyesuaikan tegangan referensi mikrokontroler.  Metode kontrol yang digunakan adalah metode on/off pada relay. Keluaran alat menunjukkan 3 kondisi yaitu under voltage dimana tegangan dibawah 216V, normal voltage tegangan 216V-224V, dan over voltage tegangan diatas 224V. Hasil dari pembacaan sensor dan kondisi akan dikirimkan melalui internet ke database dengan mengunakan adalah ESP-01. Dari hasil pengujian menunjukkan sistem telah berjalan sesuai rancangan
The evaluation of a fourth-generation multi-theory model (MTM) based intervention to initiate and sustain physical activity
Authors: Hayes Traci , Sharma Manoj , Shahbazi Mohammad , Sung Jung Hye , Bennett Russell , Reese-Smith Jacqueline
Published: April 2019

Background: The United States Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS)recommends that adults achieve 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity.Most African American women do not meet these guidelines. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of an intervention based on the fourth generation, multi-theory model (MTM) of health behavior change for initiating and sustaining physical activity among African American women when compared to a first generation, knowledge-based intervention. Methods: The randomized controlled trial (RCT) utilized a pre-test, post-test and 6-week followup evaluation with an experimental (n=25) group and a comparison group (n=23). Process evaluation for satisfaction and program fidelity was conducted along with impact evaluation for changes in MTM constructs, intent to initiate and sustain physical activity, minutes of physical activity, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and blood pressure in hypertensives. Results:The MTM-based intervention proved significantly efficacious in increasing the minutes of physical activity from pre-test mean of 37 minutes to 172 minutes at follow-up (mean difference135.08 minutes, 95% CI: 106.04 to 164.13, P<0.0001), reducing waist circumference from pretest mean of 39 inches to 38 inches at follow-up (mean difference -1.12 inches, 95% CI: -1.70 to-0.545, P<0.001) and modifying the MTM construct of changes in physical environment from a mean of 7 units at pre-test to 9 units at follow-up (mean difference 2.08 units, 95% CI: 0.73 to 3.43, P<0.004) when compared to the knowledge-based intervention over time. Conclusion: There were directional improvements in the mean scores for most of the study variables over time for the MTM intervention group and statistically significant improvement in minutes of physical activity and waist circumference.
Assessment of neighborhood street characteristics related to physical activity in the Lower Mississippi Delta
Authors: Thomson Jessica L. , Goodman Melissa H. , Landry Alicia S.
Published: April 2019

Background: Physical activity levels were low for pregnant and postpartum participants in a diet and physical activity intervention. To explore micro level characteristics of participants’neighborhoods related to physical activity, an ancillary study was conducted. Methods: This cross-sectional study encompassed the neighborhood street segments of women participating in a diet and physical activity intervention that was conducted in the Lower Mississippi Delta. A neighborhood was defined as all street segments within one-fourth walking mile of a participant’s home address. Street segments were measured using the Rural Active Living Assessment’s Street Segment Assessment tool. In the field and on foot, raters measured street segments using neighborhood maps with segments identified. Results: Mean street segment length was 0.22 miles (SD = 0.14). All segments had flat terrain with residential (98%), open spaces (74%), and public/civic (34%) as the most prevalent land uses. Almost three-fourths of segments did not have any sidewalks (69%), sidewalk buffers or defined shoulders (73%), crosswalks or pedestrian signage (69%), or posted speed limits (74%).However, 88% had stop signs and almost all (96%) had street lighting and were paved multi lane roads (95%) with low traffic volume (90%). Most residential structures present were single family detached homes (95%) and the most common public/civic and commercial structures were churches (24%) and convenience stores (9%), respectively. Almost all of the street segments were rated as walk able (99%) and aesthetically pleasing (94%). Conclusion: Neighborhood street segments surrounding Delta Healthy Sprouts participants’homes were walk able and aesthetically pleasing. However, safety features such as sidewalks,pedestrian signage, and posted speed limit signs were lacking. To address these inadequate pedestrian safety features, infrastructure changes are needed for small rural towns.
Iodine status, and knowledge about iodine deficiency disorders in adolescent school girls aged 14-19 years, 2016
Authors: Heidari Zahra , Arefhosseini Seyed Rafie , Hedayati Mehdi , Vaghef-Mehrabany Elnaz , Ebrahimi-Mameghani Mehrangiz
Published: April 2019

Background: Adequate iodine intake by women in child-bearing age affects fetus neurodevelopment during pregnancy. A majority of previous studies has investigated iodine status among children, and there is limited data on female adolescents who are more exposed to consequences of iodine deficiency (ID) in their near-future pregnancies; thus, we aimed to assess iodine status, and knowledge on iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs) among adolescent school girls (14-19 years old) in Shahriar, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 223 female students selected through multi-stage cluster sampling from 12 schools. Iodine and creatinine concentrations were measured in casual urine samples. Iodine content of household salts was also assessed.Data on intake of salt and iodine-rich food sources were collected applying a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and knowledge about iodine and IDDs were assessed by a questionnaire. Results: Median and Mean (95% CI) concentrations of urinary iodine and creatinine were 129 µg/L, 137.62 µg/L (95% CI: 126.28, 148.95) and 1.72 g/L, 1.86 g/L (95% CI: 0.55-3.17),respectively. The frequency of mild, moderate and severe ID were 22.4%, 14.3% and 0%,respectively; 43.5% had adequate, and 3.1% had excessive urinary iodine levels. Mean saltiodine concentration was 21.69 (SD=10.56) ppm. Mean knowledge score was 12.7 (SD=3.44).About half of the students had a poor (25.1%) or fair (24.2%) knowledge about iodine deficiency.Adjusting for the confounders, no significant positive association was found between knowledge about iodine-rich food sources and goitrogens with urinary iodine excretion. Conclusion: Adolescent girls in Shahriar had relatively poor knowledge of iodine, and about one third of them suffered from ID.
Relationship between awareness and attitude with health and foodsafety among students of Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
Authors: Khezerlou Arezou , Zolfaghari Firouzsalari Nasim , Zolfaghari Hajar , Alizadeh sani Mahmood , Azizi-lalabadi Maryam , Ehsani Ali
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Healthy life style and food safety are among the most crucial elements inpromoting community health. This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the awarenessand attitudes of the students of Urmia University, Urmai, Iran, regarding health and food safety. Methods: The questionnaire used was designed in three parts (demographic, attitude, andawareness) and it was completed by 384 students. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.Results: Results showed that over 80% of the students had positive attitude towards health and foodsafety. In addition, almost 50% of the subjects had low awareness on the most appropriate plasticcontainers to keep food healthy. Findings indicated that there was a significant difference between thestudents' attitudes and their academic level (P = 0.008). No significant differences were found amongstudents' awareness and attitude considering gender and passing the food safety course. Cocnclusion: As the study findings revealed, training programs and workshops related to healthand food safety could be effective, specially for freshmen students.
Global epidemiology of tuberculosis, a comparative study of the six WHO regions in 2018
Authors: Najafvand_Drikvand Sattar , Gharacheh Laleh , Faraji Khiavi Farzad , Najafvand_Drikvand Soheila
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global emergency and is one of the major threats to human and public health, more than 60 years of its medical treatment, as well as the economic and social development of societies. More than 2 billion individuals are infected with mycobacterium, causing the morbidity and mortality of 10 and 2 million individuals, respectively. The current study was accomplished aiming to investigate the TB disease status and indicators of achieving the goal of ending the TB epidemics by 2035. Methods: This was a comparative study conducted in a library and the main source of information used included the reports published by the World Health Organization (WHO) and its regional organizations profile, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), World Bank Group (WBG), and studies. Results: The highest incidence rate was in Africa and South-East Asia, with the lowest incidence in the Americas and Europe regions. In the Eastern Mediterranean region, the incidence of extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) was about 10% higher than in other areas. The highest success rate of TB treatment was in the Western Pacific region and the lowest in the United States and Europe. Conclusion: Over 1 billion US dollars have been spent in funding for the fight against TB. Health policymakers, especially in the Middle Eastern region, should pay particular attention to allocating national and local resources to this disease and rely less on international and humanitarian resources. In order to achieve the goal of ending the TB epidemic END-TB 2035, in addition to addressing the economic and social well-being of citizens, it is essential to focus on early detection and diagnosis of disease and effective treatment with strategy implementation [Directly Observed Treatment Short course (DOTS)].
The effect of group therapy using the cognitive approach on the empowerment of mothers raising a child with autistic disorder:A randomized-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Ebrahimi Hossein , Vahidi Maryam , Malek Ayyoub , Babapour Kheiroddin Jalil , Abdorrahmani Nafiseh
Published: April 2019

Introduction: The diagnosis of autistic disorder may impose stress on the child’s parents especially the mother of the baby. Raising a child with autistic disorder reduces parents' quality of life. This study examined the effect of group therapy using a cognitive approach on empowerment in the mothers of children with autistic disorder. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was carried out with 80 mothers of children with the autistic disorder. They referred to Autism Society Rehabilitation Center in Tabriz, Iran. The mothers were randomly allocated into intervention and control groups. The intervention group was divided into 4 groups of 10, and each group participated in 10 sessions of group therapy using the cognitive approach. The control group received the routine care. Data were collected using the Family Empowerment Scale (FES) before the intervention and two months after the intervention. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics [t-test, χ2, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)] via the SPSS software. Results: The independent t-test showed that the means of total empowerment and its dimensions had no statistically significant differences before the intervention. However, after the intervention, such differences between the groups were statistically significant (P < 0.001); so that the mothers in the intervention group achieved higher scores on empowerment and its dimensions compared with the control group. Conclusion: Group therapy using the cognitive approach can be used by healthcare professionals in rehabilitation centers for empowering the mothers of children with autistic disorder.
Celiac disease associated with beta thalassemia minor, coincidence or not: A case report
Authors: Ghavidel Ali
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Celiac disease may be associated with a variety of autoimmune diseases such as glucose intolerance, autoimmune thyroid disorders, Sjogren’s syndrome, and untypically with hematological diseases such as beta-thalassemia minor. The simultaneity of celiac disease and beta-thalassemia minor is extremely rare. Only a few cases with both celiac disease and beta-thalassemia minor have been reported in the corresponding medical literature so far. Since the overall prevalence rate of celiac disease is 1% among the public and it has been estimated that 5% of general population has at least one variant allele of thalassemia mutations, the question arises whether the coexistence of celiac disease and beta-thalassemia minor is just a coincidence or etiologic relation. As they both are immune mediated diseases (IMDs), a link between them is possible. Case report:In this study, a 46-year-old man was reported who was admitted with both beta-thalassemia minor and celiac disease. He was referred with probable malabsorption syndrome, causing an iron deficiency anemia and weight loss. Clinically, he was diagnosed with celiac disease and beta-thalassemia minor, which was confirmed later by a small bowel biopsy and hemoglobin (Hb) electrophoresis. The patient was treated with a gluten free diet and folic acid. Conclusion: Celiac disease should be considered as a probable state in patients with beta-thalassemia minor. The prevalence of celiac disease and beta thalassemia minor is significantly high in many countries. Therefore, patients with thalassemia minor should be screened for celiac disease.
The Effect of Early Passive Range of Motion Exercise on Motor Function of People with Stroke: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hosseini Zahra-Sadat , Peyrovi Hamid , Gohari Mahmoodreza
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Frequent and regular exercises in the first six months of stroke may cause return of a significant portion of sensory and motor function of patients. This study aimed to examine the effects of passive range of motion exercise in the acute phase after stroke on motor function of the patients. Methods: A randomized controlled trial study was conducted. The patients with first ischemic stroke were randomly allocated to either experimental (n=33) or control (n=19) group. Passive range of motion exercises was performed in the experimental group during the first 48 hours of admission as 6 to 8 times of 30 minute exercise. Before intervention, and one and three months after intervention, motor function were measured by muscle strength grading scale (Oxford scale) and compared. SPSS version 13.0 for Windows was used for statistical analysis. Frequency distribution was used to describe the data. For comparisons, paired t-test, independent t-test was used, and repeated measures test was used. Results: In acute phase, the intervention in the experimental group led to significant improvement of motor function between the first and third month in both the upper and lower extremities. In control group, improvement was observed only in the muscle strength of upper extremity in the first and third month compared to pre-intervention measurement. The greatest improvement was observed in the interval from base to one month in the upper extremity, and base to the first month and the first to the third month in the lower extremity. Conclusion: It is recommended to use early passive range of motion exercise as part of care for people with stroke during the acute phase of the disease.