bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jobs for Africa’s expanding youth cohort: a stocktaking of employment prospects and policy interventions
Authors: Betcherman Gordon , Khan Themrise
Published: July 2018

Youth unemployment and underemployment are serious concerns in sub-Saharan Africa, especially given the region’s young population. The barriers young people face stem both from skills deficiencies and from weak fundamentals that constrain job creation more generally in the region. Employment interventions can mitigate some of these barriers. However, our stocktaking of these interventions suggests that existing programs are disproportionately focused on the formal wage sector and do not adequately reflect the reality that most young people work in agriculture, household enterprises, and self-employment and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. Finally, better data and evaluation are needed for more effective interventions.
Complexes of α6β4 integrin and vimentin act as signaling hubs to regulate epithelial cell migration
Authors: Colburn Zachary T. , Jones Jonathan C. R.
Published: July 2018

We find that clusters of β4 integrin, organized into distinct puncta, localize along vimentin filaments within lamellipodia at the cell edge of A549 cells, as assessed by interferometric photoactivated localization microscopy. Moreover, puncta and vimentin filaments exhibit a dynamic interplay in live cells, as viewed by structured-illumination microscopy, with β4 integrin puncta that associate with vimentin persisting for longer than those that do not. Interestingly, in A549 cells β4 integrin regulates vimentin cytoskeleton organization. When β4 integrin is knocked down there is a loss of vimentin filaments from lamellipodia. However, in these conditions, vimentin filaments instead concentrate around the nucleus. Although β4 integrin organization is unaffected in vimentin-deficient A549 cells, such cells move in a less-directed fashion and exhibit reduced Rac1 activity, mimicking the phenotype of β4 integrin-deficient A549 cells. Moreover, in vimentin-deficient cells, Rac1 fails to cluster at sites enriched in α6β4 integrin heterodimers. The aberrant motility of both β4 integrin and vimentin-deficient cells is rescued by expression of active Rac1, leading us to propose that complexes of β4 integrin and vimentin act as signaling hubs, regulating cell motility behavior.
Scepticaemia: The impact on the health system and patients of delaying new treatments with uncertain evidence; a case study of the sepsis bundle
Authors: Blythe Robin , Cook David , Graves Nicholas
Published: July 2018

Background: A sepsis care bundle of intravenous vitamin C, thiamine, and hydrocortisone was reported to improve treatment outcomes. The data to support it are uncertain and decision makers are likely to be cautious about adopting it. The objective of this study was to model the opportunity costs in dollars and lives of waiting for better information before adopting the bundle.

Methods: A decision tree was built using information from the literature. We modelled the impact of bundle adoption under three scenarios using a simulation in which the bundle was effective as reported in the primary trial, less effective based on other information, and ineffective.

The measurements were health services costs, quality-adjusted life years, and transition probabilities.

Results: If the bundle proves to be effective under either scenario, it will save billions of dollars and millions of life-years in the United States. This is the opportunity cost of delaying an adoption decision and waiting for better quality evidence. We suggest that hospital decision-makers consider implementing the bundle on a trial basis while monitoring costs and outcomes data even while the evidence base is uncertain.

Conclusions: If the decision maker is unwilling to use the best available evidence now, but rather wishes to wait for definitive evidence they are risking incurring large costs for health care systems and for the patients they serve. An explicit analysis of uncertain clinical outcomes is a useful adjunct to guide decision making where there is clinical ambiguity. This approach offers a valid alternative to the default of clinical inactivity when faced with uncertainty.
Recent advances in heart transplantation
Authors: Kittleson Michelle M
Published: July 2018

Despite advances in medical and electrical therapies for heart failure, morbidity and mortality remain high and patients often progress to end-stage heart failure. Over the last five decades, heart transplantation is considered a standard therapy for select patients with end-stage heart failure. However, while heart transplantation has become a treatment of choice for end-stage heart failure, challenges still exist for improvement in the short- and long-term outcomes. While there is an increase in the number of patients with end-stage heart failure, the number of donor organs remains a major limiting factor. Heart transplantation candidates in the current era are also more complex: older, antigen-sensitized, and on mechanical circulatory support at the time of listing and transplant. Such potential heart transplant recipients have an increased chance of problems, including antibody-mediated rejection and primary graft dysfunction. Recent advances could address the current challenges and include: 1) attempts to expand the pool of donor hearts; 2) changes in heart transplantation allocation policy allowing for more equitable organ distribution; and 3) advances in the management of antibody sensitization. Developments in these areas could result in improved survival and quality of life for heart transplantation recipients.
What can National TB Control Programmes in low- and middle-income countries do to end tuberculosis by 2030?
Authors: Harries Anthony D. , Lin Yan , Kumar Ajay M.V. , Satyanarayana Srinath , Takarinda Kudakwashe C. , Dlodlo Riitta A. , Zachariah Rony , Olliaro Piero L.
Published: July 2018

The international community has committed to ending the tuberculosis (TB) epidemic by 2030. This will require multi-sectoral action with a focus on accelerating socio-economic development, developing and implementing new tools, and expanding health insurance coverage. Within this broad framework, National TB Programmes (NTPs) are accountable for delivering diagnostic, treatment, and preventive services. There are large gaps in the delivery of these services, and the aim of this article is to review the crucial activities and interventions that NTPs must implement in order to meet global targets and milestones that will end the TB epidemic. The key deliverables are the following: turn End TB targets and milestones into national measurable indicators to make it easier to track progress; optimize the prompt and accurate diagnosis of all types of TB; provide rapid, complete, and effective treatment to all those diagnosed with TB; implement and monitor effective infection control practices; diagnose and treat drug-resistant TB, associated HIV infection, and diabetes mellitus; design and implement active case finding strategies for high-risk groups and link them to the treatment of latent TB infection; engage with the private-for-profit sector; and empower the Central Unit of the NTP particularly in relation to data-driven supportive supervision, operational research, and sustained financing. The glaring gaps in the delivery of TB services must be remedied, and some of these gaps will require new paradigms and ways of working which include patient-centered and higher-quality services. There must also be fast-track ways of incorporating new diagnostic, treatment, and prevention tools into program activities so as to rapidly reduce TB incidence and mortality and meet the goal of ending TB by 2030.
A cross-sectional study of the use and effectiveness of the Individual Development Plan among doctoral students
Authors: Vanderford Nathan L. , Evans Teresa M. , Weiss L. Todd , Bira Lindsay , Beltran-Gastelum Jazmin
Published: July 2018

Background: The Individual Development Plan (IDP) was introduced as a tool to aid in career planning for doctoral trainees. Despite the National Institutes of Health and academic institutions creating policies that mandate the use of IDPs, little information exists regarding the use and effectiveness of the career planning tool.

Methods: We conducted a multi-institutional, online survey to measure IDP use and effectiveness. The survey was distributed to potential respondents via social media and direct email. IDP survey questions were formatted using a five-point Likert scale (strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree and strongly disagree). For data analysis purposes, responses were grouped into two categories (agree versus does not agree/disagree). The data were summarized as one-way frequencies and the Pearson chi-square test was used to determine the statistical significance of univariate associations between the survey variables and an outcome measure of the effectiveness of the IDP.

Results: Among all respondents, fifty-three percent reported that they are required to complete an IDP while thirty-three percent reported that the tool is helpful to their career development. Further, our data suggests that the IDP is most effective when doctoral students complete the tool with faculty mentors with whom they have a positive relationship. Respondents who are confident about their career plans and who take advantage of career development resources at their institution are also more likely to perceive that the IDP is useful for their career development.

Conclusion: Given the nuanced use and effectiveness of the IDP, we call for additional research to characterize the overall use and effectiveness of the IDP and to determine whether there are unintended negative consequences created through the use of the tool. Furthermore, we recommend an enhancement of career development infrastructure that would include mentorship training for faculty in order to provide substantially more career planning support to trainees.
Crowdfunding Technology in the Realities of the Russian Business Environment
Authors: Баурина Светлана , Baurina Svetlana , Макарова В. , Makarova V.
Published: July 2018

This article is devoted to one of the known systems of financing innovative projects called crowdfunding. The essence of crowdfunding technology and options for its use are specified. There are a characteristic of the main formats of crowd investing and popular areas of crowdfunding in Russia. Also, the article describes the most famous crowdfunding platforms which presented in the Russian market and the opportunities for the development of crowdfunding.
Historical dynamics of the social structure of Russian society
Authors: Кравченко Альберт , Kravchenko Al'bert
Published: July 2018

The social structure is a photograph of society, which embodies its historical destiny - from tragic fractures to the highest point of prosperity. The economic downturns and booms and changes in the political regime were followed by changes in the fate of entire estates, classes and professional groups. The author examines in detail and analyzes the correlation of social strata in different historical periods of Russia through their dynamics: the division and proletarisation, the Genesis of the working class, the formation of new layers in its composition, in particular, the precariat and the cognitive system, the phenomenology of poverty, the evolution of the country-specific noble and serf bourgeoisie, the universal historical role of the middle class, intellectuals and the elite of society.
The monograph is aimed at specialists in the field of socio-economic issues of the history of Russia and is addressed to modern youth, thinking about the fate of their homeland.
Efeito do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade versus treinamento contínuo na composição corporal: uma revisão sistemática com meta-análise
Authors: Paz Cláudio Luiz , Fraga Amanda , Tenório Mário
Published: July 2018

A Obesidade é um fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares e a sua prevalência cresce a cada ano atingindo mais de 2 bilhões de adultos no mundo. As principais recomendações para perda de gordura concentram-se em exercícios de estados estacionários de intensidades moderadas. Entretanto, essas diretrizes não conseguem ser atendidas pela maior parte da população adulta. Sendo assim, novas modalidades ou intensidades de exercícios vem sendo propostas na tentativa de promover perdas mais significativas da gordura corporal. Foi realizado uma revisão sistemática com meta-análise com o objetivo de comparar os efeitos do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade (HIIT) e do treinamento contínuo nos desfechos: massa corporal total, percentual de gordura, índice de massa corporal e circunferência de cintura de indivíduos com sobrepeso e/ou obesidade. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados Pubmed, Science Direct, PEDro, Scielo e Cochrane Library. A análise foi restrita a ensaios clínicos randomizados em adultos com 18 anos de idade ou mais e com excesso de peso corporal. As meta-análises foram conduzidas utilizando o software Review Manager para modelos de efeitos aleatórios com o método do inverso da variância para os dados contínuos, os dados foram apresentados por diferença da média e IC95%. Quatorze estudos foram incluídos para a análise meta-analítica, houve redução significativa para o grupo CONT para circunferência de cintura (1,19 cm; IC95%: 0,34–2,04; p= 0,006; I2= 0%). Em conclusão, o HIIT não se mostrou melhor estatisticamente em relação ao CONT para alterar os marcadores da composição corporal.
Efeito de video games ativos sobre a capacidade funcional e o humor de idosos: revisão sistemática e meta-análise
Authors: Morais Milca , Passos Giselle , Cintra Rodolfo , Santana Marcos
Published: July 2018

Nos últimos anos, os video games ativos (VGAs) têm sido utilizados pela população geral como uma alternativa para a prática de exercício físico associada ao entretenimento. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre o efeito dos VGAs na capacidade funcional e no estado de humor de idosos. Para a seleção dos artigos, considerou-se estudos publicados entre 2006 e 2017, realizados com idosos (> 60 anos); que utilizaram como intervenção, exercícios realizados em VGAs Nintendo Wii ou Xbox Kinect. Os resultados observados sugerem melhoras no equilíbrio, na força muscular de membros inferiores e na mobilidade funcional. No perfil de humor, os resultados são controversos. Sendo assim, podemos concluir que o exercício realizado em VGAs pode melhorar a capacidade funcional, no entanto, os benefícios no humor precisam ser mais investigados, especialmente em estudos de longo prazo.
Prevalência de inatividade física e apoio social dos pais em adolescentes de Macapá-Amapá
Authors: Costa Danylo , Pureza Demilto , Mielke Grégore
Published: July 2018

O estudo analisou a prevalência de inatividade física e a associação com o apoio social dos pais em adolescentes do ensino médio da área urbana de Macapá (AP). Trata-se de estudo transversal com amostra representativa de escolares de 14 a 19 anos de idade (n= 1.205 escolares), do ensino médio de escolas públicas e privadas. Os dados foram coletados por meio do Questionário para Medida de Fatores Associados à Atividade Física em Adolescentes para estimar a inatividade física (<300 min/sem) e o apoio social familiar. As demais variáveis foram: idade, sexo, cor da pele, idade, classe socioeconômica, ocupação e tipo de escola. A associação entre apoio social dos pais e inatividade física foi testada pela Regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. A prevalência de inatividade física foi de 60,2%, sendo menor nos adolescentes do sexo masculino comparado ao feminino (50,9% vs 68,0%; p= 0,001). Os resultados da análise ajustada indicaram que a prevalência de inatividade física foi maior naqueles escolares cujo os pais nunca ou raramente: estimularam os filhos a fazer atividade física (RP= 1,32; IC95%: 1,19-1,47), praticaram atividade física em conjunto com seus lhos (RP= 1,36; IC95%: 1,18-1,57), transportavam/disponibilizavam transporte para a prática de atividade física (RP= 1,22; IC95%: 1,10-1,35), assistiam os filhos em atividades físicas (RP= 1,31; IC95%: 1,15-1,49), conversavam sobre atividade física (RP= 1,20; IC95%: 1,08-1,33), elogiaram a prática de atividade física dos filhos (RP= 1,34; IC95%: 1,20-1,50). Adolescentes que não recebiam apoio dos pais tendem a serem mais inativos do que seus pares que recebiam.
Associação da atividade física de lazer com o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas em adultos
Authors: Lima Dartel , Da Silva Michael , Júnior Oldemar , Lima Lohran , Sampaio Adelar , Luiz Olinda
Published: July 2018

Evidências mostram que atividade física (AF) pode se associar a níveis mais elevados de consumo de bebida alcóolica. Assim, esse estudo teve como objetivo verificar se existe ou não associação do nível de AF de lazer com o consumo de bebida alcóolica entre adultos de ambos os sexos. Dados secundários foram coletados do Ministério da Saúde (Vigitel) referente ao inquérito transversal realizado no ano de 2014, na cidade de Curitiba, PR, Brasil. A AF foi a variável de exposição e o consumo de bebida alcoólica a variável de desfecho. Participaram do estudo 1.504 adultos, sendo 557 homens com idade média de 51,7 ±18,6 anos e 947 mulheres com idade média de 55,7 ± 16,9 anos. O nível de AF foi categorizado em inativo e ativo e o consumo de bebida alcóolica em regular e abusivo. Os resultados foram controlados por sexo, idade e escolaridade. Os adultos ativos tiveram risco pelo menos 1,5 vezes maior (Razão de Prevalência (RP)= 1,5; IC95%: 1,2–1,9) para o consumo regular de bebida alcoólica e pelo menos 1,3 vezes maior (RP= 1,3; IC95%: 0,8–2,1) para o consumo abusivo, quando comparado aos inativos. Os homens ativos tiveram risco pelo menos 1,7 vezes maior (RP= 1,7; IC95%: 1,2–2,5) para o consumo regular e 2,3 vezes maior (RP= 2,3; IC95%: 0,9–5,7) para o consumo abusivo, enquanto mulheres ativas tiveram risco pelo menos 1,4 vezes maior (RP= 1,4; IC95%: 1,1–1,8) para o consumo regular e 0,9 vezes maior (RP= 0,9; IC95%: 0,6–1,7) para o consumo abusivo. Os resultados apoiam a existência de uma associação positiva incongruente entre o consumo de bebida alcoólica e a prática de AF.
Educação ambiental dialógico-crítica com comunidades tradicionais no Pantanal de Mato Grosso: a solidariedade e os enfrentamentos nas práticas sociais
Authors: Souza Silvano Carmo de , Logarezzi Amadeu José Montagnini
Published: July 2018

nesta pesquisa de educação ambiental dialógico-crítica realizada no Pantanal em Cáceres-MT dialogamos, durante dois anos, com pescadoras/es tradicionais. A partir do referencial teórico-metodológico freiriano e habermasiano, objetivamos identificar e problematizar quais são os elementos obstaculizadores (processos de colonização do mundo da vida) e transformadores (processos de resistência e enfrentamento à colonização) que dizem respeito à prática da pesca profissional artesanal. Identificamos, dialogicamente, que decorrem destas práticas sociais pantaneiras processos educativos libertadores, de anúncio e denúncia permanentes, fundados em uma solidariedade interna, característica da ética tradicional ribeirinha pantaneira. Também, notamos que pesquisas de educação ambiental embasadas em valores, práticas e conceitos dialógico-críticos potencializam a coordenação de ações.
A percepção ambiental acerca do parque estadual serra furada em docentes de uma escola pública de Grão-Pará
Authors: Gil Ney Laine Pickler , Rosa Marcelo D'Aquino
Published: July 2018

O presente estudo buscou interpretar o modo de conceber o Parque Ambiental Serra Furada, com vistas a estimular a valorização deste ambiente como elemento pedagógico à Educação Ambiental (EA). A pesquisa envolveu seis professores de uma escola municipal de Grão-Pará. Na coleta de dados, empregou-se um questionário e os resultados indicaram que a maioria dos docentes sabia da existência do parque e o considerou um local a ser preservado. Em seu contexto pedagógico, os docentes acreditam que o local pode ser trabalhado por meio de textos, vídeos, filmes, visitas e pesquisas com os moradores do entorno. Além disso, consideram que a EA é um processo em que o indivíduo e o coletivo constroem valores sociais, atitudes e competências para conscientização, sendo este um processo sensibilizador para a incorporação do ser humano ao ambiente.
Saberes e vivências na formação de educadores ambientais Amazônicos
Authors: Silva gomes Raimunda Kelly , Nery Vitor Sousa Cunha , Brito Angela do Céu Ubaiara
Published: July 2018

Este artigo teve como objetivo compreender os saberes docente como pilar para a formação de educadores amazônicos, apontando proposta para a inserção da educação ambiental em suas práxis educativas, a partir de uma vertente holística e/ou socioambiental. Os resultados mostram que que a implementação de uma estratégia pedagógica que possibilite a aproximação entre os educadores no ambiente escolar, talvez seja uma alternativa de integração das atividades curriculares com os saberes e vivências dos educandos, tendo o grupo focal como estratégia metodológica de aproximação e dialogo no ambiente escolar. Portanto, a EA no contexto escolar deve levar em conta a dinâmica de seus contextos socioambientais e culturais, entendendo os professores como profissionais que têm saberes e concepções construídas na práxis.
Cultura ambiental no território caipira: elementos e possibilidades na formação de educadores ambientais na perspectiva da Pedagogia histórico-crítica
Authors: Villela Fábio Fernandes
Published: July 2018

O texto aborda a reorganização do trabalho educativo na perspectiva da pedagogia histórico-crítica e a formação de educadoras ambientais presente no projeto de ensino-pesquisa-extensão intitulado: “Cultura ambiental no território caipira: história e saberes tradicionais das mulheres do noroeste paulista”. O projeto tem por objetivo trabalhar com a cultura ambiental do noroeste paulista – SP, do ponto de vista do seu desenvolvimento sustentável. Tem como objeto o “território caipira”, construção social e identidade cultural do noroeste paulista – SP. Este texto apresenta alguns resultados do projeto: (1) a produção e sistematização de metodologias inovadoras de educação de jovens e adultos (EJA) na educação do campo, bem como (2) a elevação de escolaridade de jovens e adultos associada à qualificação social e profissional, possibilitando novas aprendizagens.
Narrativas de Comunidades Aprendentes em Educação Ambiental
Authors: Galiazzi Maria Do Carmo , De Freitas Diana Paula Salomão , De Lima Cleiva Aguiar , Cousin Claudia Da Silva , De Souza Moacir Langoni , Cupelli Rodrigo Launikas
Published: July 2018

Apresentamos a síntese de cinco pesquisas desenvolvidas pela Comunidade Aprendente em Educação Ambiental, Ciências e Matemática, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande. Este Grupo de Pesquisa-formação integra docentes da educação básica e do ensino superior que, pela escrita narrativa, leitura crítica e re-escrita das suas ações aprendem a ser e a se tornam uma comunidade. Os metatextos obtidos pela Análise Textual Discuriva são narrativas sobre a constituição de educadores ambientais que desenvolveram o sentimento de pertencimento, visando criticar modelos sociais baseados em hierarquias e individualismos, com o intuito de aprender a ser e a se tornar uma comunidade.
Historia y cine documental en la enseñanza de enfermería
Authors: Cerdá Juan Manuel , Ramacciotti Karina
Published: July 2018

Este artículo tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre el papel que cumple la materia Historia Social dentro del plan de Estudios de la Licenciatura de Enfermería en dos aspectos: por un lado, la institucionalización de la profesión como tal y, por otro lado, el proceso de feminización de la profesión en la Argentina a lo largo del siglo XX. Para ello, revisitaremos una de las formas didácticas usadas en clase como es el análisis de cine documental. Dado que éstos portan una interpretación sobre la expansión del sistema sanitario, la consolidación de organismos públicos, la formación de enfermeras profesionales y el influjo de algunos referentes de la enfermería en particular y de la medicina argentina en general, nos permiten analizar la construcción discursiva de dichos procesos, así como de algunos estereotipos de sociales en torno a la profesión.
“¡Todavía estamos aquí!”. Síndrome Pos-polio y activismo en la web
Authors: Testa Daniela Edelvis
Published: July 2018

El artículo explora tensiones y controversias surgidas en torno al reconocimiento de una “nueva” dolencia denominada Síndrome Pos-polio (SPP) con el propósito de problematizar sobre la idea de la enfermedad y la propia materia constitutiva de la vida como herramientas esenciales para discutir las fronteras de la inclusión económica y social. El mencionado síndrome es un conjunto inespecífico de síntomas que puede afectar a quienes tiempo atrás tuvieron poliomielitis y, en consecuencia, adquirieron deficiencias físicas desde hace décadas. Dada la especial relevancia que adquiere la utilización de tecnologías de comunicación digitales para las personas con severas dificultades en su movilidad, se enfatiza en la perspectiva de los protagonistas y en las acciones colectivas que las asociaciones de polio y SPP despliegan a través de internet con el fin de canalizar sus necesidades y demandas, a partir de ciertas condiciones corporales. Las ideas, demandas y resistencias que se plantean en estos sitios son una vía privilegiada para escuchar la voz de los pacientes, y que ésta sea incluida en la enseñanza de las materias con mayor contenido de las ciencias sociales de las carreras sanitarias.
Sustenance of endothelial cell stability in septic mice through appropriate activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid-4
Authors: Zhu Yi-Hua , Pei Zhen-Ming
Published: July 2018

Therapeutic target transient receptor potential vanilloid-4 (TRPV-4) is frequently applied in endotoxemia research. It has been reported that HC067047, an inhibitor of TRPV-4, mitigated LPS-induced injury. However, the inhibition of TRPV-4 with HC06047 did not attenuate LPS-induced symptoms and exaggerated pathology. This study was carried with a view to unravelling the reason(s) behind these conflicting results. Different doses of the inhibitor were used in the same degree of sepsis, and their effects were determined through assays for sepsis-related physiological indicators such as endothelial injury markers, coagulation index, organ damage indicators, inflammatory factor levels, and cell apoptosis. The results showed that high or low inhibitor levels had no significant effect on sepsis-related physiological indicators. These findings suggest that proper activation of TRPV-4 in sepsis is important for maintaining normal physiological function. Thus, the degree of TRPV-4 activation should match the severity of sepsis.
Flavonoids, bioactive components of propolis, exhibit cytotoxic activity and induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 – a comparative study
Authors: KabaÅ‚a-Dzik Agata , Rzepecka-Stojko Anna , Kubina Robert , Iriti Marcello , Wojtyczka Robert D , Buszman Ewa , Stojko Jerzy
Published: July 2018

Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of mortality in women. Flavonoids, among other compounds, are bioactive constituents of propolis. In this comparative study, we investigated the effects of flavonoids apigenin (API), genistein (GEN), hesperidin (HES), naringin (NAR) and quercetin (QUE) on the proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle of two different human cancer cells - MDA-MB-231, estrogen-negative, and MCF-7, estrogen-positive receptor breast carcinoma cells. Many cytotoxic reports of flavonoids were performed by MTT assay. However, it's reported that MTT is reduced in metabolically active cells and yields an insoluble purple formazan, which indicates that obtained cytotoxic results of flavonoids could be inconsistent. Cell viability was measured by NR, neutral red assay, while the percentage of apoptotic cells and cell cycle arrest were determined by flow cytometry and Muse cell cycle assay, respectively. The results showed a high dose-dependent effect in cell viability tests. IC50 values were as follows (MCF-7/MDA-MB-231, for 48 h, in µM): 9.39/50.83 for HES, 25.19/88.17 for API, 40.26/333.51 for NAR, 49.49/47.50 for GEN and 95.12/130.10 for QUE. Flavonoid-induced apoptosis was dose- and time-dependent, for both cancer cell lines, though flavonoids were more active on MCF-7 cells. The flavonoids also induced cell cycle arrest in cancer cells.
Seasonal evolution of the sea-ice floe size distribution in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas
Authors: Stern Harry L. , Schweiger Axel J. , Stark Margaret , Zhang Jinlun , Steele Michael , Hwang Byongjun
Published: July 2018

The size distribution of ice floes in the polar seas affects the dynamics and thermodynamics of the ice cover, and ice-ocean models are beginning to include the floe size distribution (FSD) in their simulations. The FSD has previously been reported to follow a power law of the form x–α, where x is the floe size and –α characterizes how steeply the number of floes decreases as x increases. Different studies have found different values of α and different ranges of x over which the power law applies. We found that a power law describes the FSD in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas reasonably well over floe sizes from 2 to 30 km, based on 187 visible-band satellite images (resolution 250 m) acquired during spring through fall of 2013 and 2014. The mean power-law exponent goes through a seasonal cycle in which α increases in spring, peaks in July or August, and decreases in fall. June is the transition month from spring FSD to summer FSD. This cycle is consistent with the processes of floe break-up in spring followed by preferential melting of smaller floes in summer and the return of larger floes after fall freeze-up. We also analyzed 12 high-resolution satellite images acquired near the low-resolution images in space and time. We found that the FSDs from the high-resolution images follow power laws over floe sizes from 10 m to 3 km. While the power-law exponents of the corresponding high- and low-resolution images do not always match in a strict statistical sense, they suggest the plausibility that the FSD follows a single power law over a wide range of floe sizes. This study covers a larger spatial and temporal sampling space and is based on more satellite images than previous studies. Results have been used for model calibration and validation.
Wayward Travels
Authors: Dozier Ayanna
Published: July 2018

Golden Age cartoonist Jackie Ormes created dramatic narratives in her comic strip Torchy in Heartbeats (Pittsburgh Courier, 1950–54) that were unique, in that they were created by a Black woman cartoonist for Black women readers. Ormes skillfully manipulated the typical strip's narrative structure to creatively depict a single Black woman freely traveling the world in the era of Jim Crow. This essay examines two specific Torchy in Heartbeats strips from 1951–52 to reveal how Ormes worked within the then-dominant framework of respectability politics—not to challenge it, but to present a Black woman navigating racialized gender discrimination and pursuing her desires despite her “respectable status,” with sometimes terrifying results. In the process, it works to redress the paucity of scholarship on Black women's contributions to comic books and strips.
Foreign Language Planning: The Case of a Teacher/Translator Training Programme at a Mexican University
Authors: Velázquez Virna , García-Ponce Edgar Emmanuell
Published: July 2018

The present article reports on a study that set out to investigate the effectiveness of strategies and decisions formulated in foreign language planning to ensure learners’ language achievement in a higher education context which trains learners to become English or French teachers or translators. By drawing on data collected from simulated proficiency tests and interviews with students, teachers, and administrators, the findings show that the foreign language goals have not been met as stipulated in the curriculum, and that there are several shortcomings in the foreign language planning that need the educational community’s consideration. This article also discusses some factors that should be considered in foreign language planning in order to meet language goals in educational contexts.
Foreign Language Faculty Research-Related Beliefs, Perceptions, and Research Motivation at Three Mexican Universities
Authors: Reyes-Cruz María del Rosario , Murrieta-Loyo Griselda , Perales-Escudero Moisés Damián
Published: July 2018

This paper examines the research self-efficacy beliefs, research motivation, and perceptions of research importance and research obstacles of 100 professors and lecturers of foreign languages at three Mexican universities. Survey results show that faculty hold moderate to high research self-efficacy beliefs, are highly motivated to conduct research, think research in the area is very important, and perceive that lack of time is the main obstacle to conducting research. The lack of fit between most participants’ relatively high self-efficacy and limited research engagement suggests the possibility that faculty overestimate their research abilities. The implications of these findings are also discussed.
The Wisdom of Teachers’ Personal Theories: Creative ELT Practices From Colombian Rural Schools
Authors: Cruz Arcila Ferney
Published: July 2018

Stemming from a study of what it is like to teach English in rural Colombia considering both English language teaching policy and social challenges of these contexts, this paper explores different locally grounded English language teaching practices. Through the analysis of teachers’ narratives and field observations, four examples of such practices are discussed. These examples highlight how teachers intuitively tend to make the most of their expertise, the limited resources available, and the local lingua-cultural repertoires in an attempt to help students make sense of English. From the perspective of language teaching as a socially sensitive practice, findings suggest that teachers’ own experiential and situational knowledge constitutes a powerful platform from which valuable bottom-up practices are and can further be devised.
Tackling Intermediate Students’ Fossilized Grammatical Errors in Speech Through Self-Evaluation and Self-Monitoring Strategies
Authors: Cárdenas Anderson Marcell
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this action research study was to help English language intermediate students tackle fossilized grammatical errors in their speech, which were verb form, missing subject, and word choice. In order to do so, the researcher used visual input such as pictures and colored stickers for self-monitoring purposes, as well as self-evaluation charts for participants to follow up on their process; additionally, voice recordings and field notes were used to help the researcher keep track of students’ progress. Results showed that participants developed more awareness and attentiveness towards their fossilized mistakes which were reflected in the repairs they were able to make along the implementation process.
Challenges in Sustaining a Peripheral Journal
Authors: Cárdenas Melba Libia , Nieto Cruz María Claudia
Published: July 2018

We have reviewed the characteristics of Profile to try and decide whether it is a mainstream or a peripheral journal. We have analysed the parameters under which it operates and we can say that these correspond to a high-quality journal, a journal from the periphery that is putting forth its best effort to produce science that is validated by local and international communities.
Efecto de la especificación incorrecta en el modelo de regresión beta con intercepto aleatorio
Authors: Usuga Manco Olga Cecilia
Published: July 2018

La estimación en el modelo de regresión beta mixto esta usualmente La estimación en el modelo de regresión beta mixto esta usualmente basada en la teoría de máxima verosimilitud, asumiendo que el modelo esta correctamente especificado. Sin embargo, la validez de este supuesto algunas veces es difícil de verificar. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar el impacto de la especificación incorrecta de la distribución de los interceptos aleatorios de la media y la dispersión en la estimación de los parámetros del modelo a través de un estudio de simulación. Los resultados de simulaciones mostraron la existencia de un efecto en las estimaciones de los parámetros cuando se usan distribuciones no simétricas y cuando la cantidad de información por grupo es pequeña.
El recurso de información y comunicación visual: imagen. Apuntes en torno a las Ciencias de la Información y Bibliotecología
Authors: Meza Castro Marvin David
Published: July 2018

Se aborda una definición de la imagen como recurso de información y comunicación basada en la idea que las imágenes -principalmente las digitales- se han vuelto esenciales en el proceso de comunicación y transmisión de información en las sociedades globalizadas. En consecuencia, la imagen origina una cultura visual desarrollada a partir de los signos y lenguajes visuales que transmite. Por tal motivo, este ensayo tiene como objetivo identificar las relaciones entre la imagen, como recurso de información y comunicación, con la Bibliotecología y la Ciencia de la Información; además, se enfatizan métodos y técnicas de recuperación de información y análisis basados en contenidos, y sugerencias para el proceso de indización humana y automática de recursos de información visual. Se menciona la tecnología de recuperación de imágenes basada en contenido Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR), y se alude la importancia de la Alfabetización Visual para la Ciencia de la Información y la Bibliotecología. El ensayo concluye que el papel de la imagen, como un elemento de comunicación y transmisión de información, debe ser reconsiderado y confrontado por la Ciencia de la Información y la Bibliotecología.
Tesauro Especializado en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano (TECMH)
Authors: Víquez Cindy Elena
Published: July 2018

El TECMH ofrecerá a la comunidad científica léxicos documentales especializados y normalizados en lengua española, para mitigar su carencia en el área de las Ciencias del Movimiento Humano; en consecuencia, su objetivo es servir como un instrumento necesario para la asignación de términos normalizados durante el proceso de indización de la documentación técnica de las Ciencias del Movimiento Humano. El cuestionario, la observación y el análisis de contenido, distribuidos en siete herramientas, son técnicas que se aplicaron como metodología que permitieron la construcción del tesauro. Para demostrar el resultado final, su clase temática es: “Ciencias del Movimiento Humano”, conformado por dieciséis diferentes categorías temáticas, para un total de 3.873 descriptores. En conclusión, el tesauro proporcionará descriptores normalizados, facilitará el proceso de indización de la producción documental en los centros documentales y apoyará la investigación en esta área.
Los metadatos, la búsqueda y recuperación de información desde las Ciencias de la Información
Authors: Cuba Rodríguez Yariannis , Olivera Batista Dianelis
Published: July 2018

El desarrollo de la informática y las Tecnologías de la Información y de la Comunicación (TIC) han transformado de manera preponderante el crecimiento y el acceso a la información, así como las maneras de concebir y realizar la búsqueda y recuperación de la información en la Internet acorde al nuevo contexto. Dicho proceso ha dejado de ser unidireccional y el usuario se ha convertido en ente participativo en la dinámica del proceso, introduciendo un modelo cognitivo y superando el tradicional; de manera que, el presente trabajo analiza los presupuestos teóricos-metodológicos entorno a la representación de la necesidad de información como elemento que define el resultado de una estrategia de búsqueda. Para ello, se adentra en el análisis de diferentes enfoques presentes en la interacción usuario máquina durante la búsqueda y la recuperación de la información. En este sentido, se reconocen los aportes de otras disciplinas que contribuyen a encontrar soluciones para optimizar la recuperación de información en la Internet. Con este empeño se propone el uso de metadatos para lograr una mejor comunicación e interpretación por parte de los Sistemas de Recuperación de Información de los distintos puntos de vista de un usuario determinado.
Experiencias internacionales en el desarrollo de habilidades informacionales en la formación doctoral
Authors: Rodríguez Castilla Liuris , Serra Toledo Rolando , Rivero Domínguez Kely
Published: July 2018

El desarrollo de habilidades informacionales es un tema trabajado a escala global. Internacionalmente, han surgido iniciativas en la introducción de estas habilidades informacionales en diferentes niveles de enseñanza, y en este informe se destacan los resultados obtenidos en aspirantes al doctorado. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar un análisis comparativo en propuestas internacionales para la enseñanza y el desarrollo de habilidades informacionales en aspirantes a doctores. Para ello, se analizan los puntos coincidentes en estos proyectos que sirvan de generalización en otros centros educativos. Para alcanzar este objetivo se partió de una revisión bibliográfica que permitió identificar diversas iniciativas prácticas, agrupándolas por países, formas organizativas y características generales. Se identificaron un total de 27 materiales documentales con iniciativas en la formación de aspirantes a doctores en 19 países. De ellos, nueve cursos de posgrado, ocho resultados de proyectos, cinco módulos de programas doctorales, tres servicios de biblioteca, un blog temático y un evento internacional. Se utilizó la estadística descriptiva para presentar el análisis y la comparación de los datos obtenidos a través de gráficos y tablas, y el método bibliométrico para examinar la coincidencia de atributos en cuatro indicadores fundamentales: el uso de las habilidades informacionales que describe la ALA como base de sus propuestas; la aplicación y el desarrollo; la denominación utilizada para cada habilidad, y las habilidades aplicadas en cada institución. Dentro de los resultados más relevantes se pudo encontrar que las habilidades informacionales para la formación de doctores parten del conjunto de habilidades que se proponen en la ALFIN por la ALA, con un mayor nivel de profundidad y práctica. Los análisis realizados demuestran que las habilidades informacionales se encuentran dentro de las habilidades más importantes que debe dominar una persona candidata al doctorado al concluir su formación doctoral y durante su vida como investigador.
Presencia del teatro de bufones en El fabricante de fantasmas de Roberto Arlt
Authors: Borges Gastón
Published: July 2018

Este artículo propone un análisis comparativo entre la obra teatral de Roberto Arlt: El fabricante de fantasmas y el teatro de bufones según lo describe Jacques Lecoq en El cuerpo poético. En primer lugar, intentaremos esclarecer algunos conceptos manejados por Lecoq para describir su propuesta escénica relacionándolos con la tradición del arte grotesco de occidente. Luego de abordar estos conceptos del género bufonesco, desde la perspectiva del arte grotesco pasamos al análisis comparativo con la obra de Roberto Arlt para intentar trazar correspondencias entre estas poéticas distantes. Creemos que este análisis comparativo permite repensar la obra del escritor argentino y a su vez propone fundamentos dramatúrgicos para la producción escénica bufonesca.
Ilustración y circulación de ideas pedagógicas en la monarquía hispánica
Authors: Perrupato Sebastián
Published: July 2018

Dos interpretaciones han marcado la historiografía sobre la Ilustración española, por un lado aquella que marcaba que todo lo nuevo, vivificante y trascendente provenía del influjo francés, y por otro aquella que sostenía que la originalidad de la misma estaba dada por su componente católico. Las dos líneas de trabajo descuidaron los complejos fenómenos de apropiación e hibridación que se dieron en la Europa moderna como correlato de la circulación de ideas que tendió a intensificarse durante el siglo XVIII.

El presente trabajo intenta analizar la circulación de ideas en torno a las propuestas pedagógicas de los ilustrados españoles. La mayoría de los intelectuales españoles del siglo XVIII coincidían en la necesidad de articular redes de dialogo y comunicación entre las diferentes partes del globo, no obstante para ello debieron hacer frente a varias dificultades, la censura, la traducción y la escases de libros son solo algunas de ellas.
Las marcas estructurales del mártir del sacramento, san Hermenegildo, de sor Juana Inés de la cruz: versificación, canto y escenografía
Authors: Mackenzie Rebollo Carlos Enrique
Published: July 2018

En el presente trabajo analizo la función estructural de los pasajes cantados del auto sacramental El mártir del sacramento, san Hermenegildo. Acompañado de formas métricas poco frecuentes y de elementos escenográficos suntuosos, los pasajes cantados en este auto son importantes para el desarrollo de la diégesis; la combinación de estos elementos indica una superposición de espacios importante, que nos lleva desde los conflictos interiores de Hermenegildo hasta las repercusión de éstos en su exterior
Fonología del Aymara altiplanico chileno
Authors: Salas Adalberto , Valencia Alba
Published: July 2018

Este artículo describe los rasgos fonológicos más destacados de los aymaras que se hablan en el área de Isluga, que se encuentra en el alto región de la meseta interior de Iquique, Chile. This anide describes the rnost outstanding phonological features of the Ayrnara spoken in the area of lsluga, located in the high inner plateau region of Iquique, Chile.
Los actantes en la narración tradicional boruca
Authors: Alvarado Chaves Magda Lorena
Published: July 2018

In this article 1 analyze ethica1 and didaáic tales taken from Leyendas y tradiciones de los borucas,(Constenla and Moroto: 1979) and four narraúves published by Constenla in 1986. The method usedis that of Greimas. The purpose of the study was 10 discover whether this method is applicable 10 traditionalstories belonging to non-European cultures. The method was indeed applicable, and it was discoveredthat in these stores the actant subject, which is positive in European folklore, is negative in thestories analyzed here and is regularly fused with the figure of the dispatcher. It as also established thatthe helper is practically absent and the opponent -who is negative in the European tradition- ispositive among the Borucas. Generally speaking, Borucan narratives are structurally quite simple.However there is frequent syncretism among the various actants.
Hacia una lectura de la estrategia paratextual del Fray Gerundio de Campazas: La fuerza centrípeta del prólogo autorial
Authors: Chen Sham Jorge
Published: July 2018

El análisis del prólogo de mi autor para este texto, clave para entender las prácticas literarias del siglo XVIII español, se basa en las ideas presentadas a tal fin por Gerard Genette en sus Seuils. Desde esta perspectiva, se asume que el prólogo representes la piedra angular de mi proyecto ideológico, ya que los programas de una lectura obligatoria del texto. Tal lectura nace teniendo una tensión paradójica entre su formulación y las precauciones hermenéuticas utilizadas para lograrlo.The analysis of me author's prologue to this text, key to understanding the Spanish XVIII century literary practices, is based on the ideas presented to this end by Gerard Genette in his Seuils. From this perspective, it is assumed that the prologue representes the cornerstone of me ideological project, as it programs an obligatory reading of the text. Such reading is born bearing a paradoxical tension between its formulation and the hermeneutic precautions used to achieve it.