bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A global model of the magnetorotational instability in protoneutron stars
Authors: Reboul-Salze A. , Guilet J. , Raynaud R. , Bugli M.
Published: November 2020

Context. Magnetars are isolated neutron stars characterized by their variable high-energy emission, which is powered by the dissipation of enormous internal magnetic fields. The measured spin-down of magnetars constrains the magnetic dipole to be in the range of 1014 − 1015 G. The magnetorotational instability (MRI) is considered to be a promising mechanism to amplify the magnetic field in fast-rotating protoneutron stars and form magnetars. This scenario is supported by many local studies that have shown that magnetic fields could be amplified by the MRI on small scales. However, the efficiency of the MRI at generating a dipole field is still unknown.

Aims. To answer this question, we study the MRI dynamo in an idealized global model of a fast rotating protoneutron star with differential rotation.

Methods. Using the pseudo-spectral code MagIC, we performed three-dimensional incompressible magnetohydrodynamics simulations in spherical geometry with explicit diffusivities where the differential rotation is forced at the outer boundary. We performed a parameter study in which we varied the initial magnetic field and investigated different magnetic boundary conditions. These simulations were compared to local shearing box simulations performed with the code Snoopy.

Results. We obtain a self-sustained turbulent MRI-driven dynamo, whose saturated state is independent of the initial magnetic field. The MRI generates a strong turbulent magnetic field of B ≥ 2 × 1015 G and a nondominant magnetic dipole, which represents systematically about 5% of the averaged magnetic field strength. Interestingly, this dipole is tilted toward the equatorial plane. By comparing these results with shearing box simulations, we find that local models can reproduce fairly well several characteristics of global MRI turbulence such as the kinetic and magnetic spectra. The turbulence is nonetheless more vigorous in the local models than in the global ones. Moreover, overly large boxes allow for elongated structures to develop without any realistic curvature constraint, which may explain why these models tend to overestimate the field amplification.

Conclusions. Overall, our results support the ability of the MRI to form magnetar-like large-scale magnetic fields. They furthermore predict the presence of a stronger small-scale magnetic field. The resulting magnetic field could be important to power outstanding stellar explosions, such as superluminous supernovae and gamma-ray bursts.
A direct and robust method to observationally constrain the halo mass function via the submillimeter magnification bias: Proof of concept
Authors: Cueli M. M. , Bonavera L. , González-Nuevo J. , Lapi A.
Published: November 2020

Aims. The main purpose of this work is to provide a proof-of-concept method to derive tabulated observational constraints on the halo mass function (HMF) by studying the magnification bias effect on high-redshift submillimeter galaxies. Under the assumption of universality, we parametrize the HMF according to two traditional models, namely the Sheth and Tormen (ST) and Tinker fits, derive posterior distributions for their parameters, and assess their performance in explaining the measured data within the Λ cold dark matter model. We also study the potential influence of the halo occupation distribution (HOD) parameters in this analysis and discuss two aspects regarding the HMF parametrization, namely its normalization and the possibility of allowing negative values for the parameters.

Methods. We measure the cross-correlation function between a foreground sample of GAMA galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts in the range 0.2 < z < 0.8 and a background sample of H-ATLAS galaxies with photometric redshifts in the range 1.2 < z < 4.0 and carry out a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm in the context of Bayesian inference to check this observable against its mathematical prediction within the halo model formalism, which depends on both the HOD and HMF parameters.

Results. Under the assumption that all HMF parameters are positive, the ST fit only seems to fully explain the measurements by forcing the mean number of satellite galaxies in a halo to increase substantially from its prior mean value. The Tinker fit, on the other hand, provides a robust description of the data without relevant changes in the HOD parameters, but with some dependence on the prior range of two of its parameters. When the normalization condition for the HMF is dropped and we allow negative values of the p1 parameter in the ST fit, all the involved parameters are better determined, unlike the previous models, thus deriving the most general HMF constraints. While all the aforementioned cases are in agreement with the traditional fits within the uncertainties, the last one hints at a slightly higher number of halos at intermediate and high masses, raising the important point of the allowed parameter range.
Weak spectral features on (101995) Bennu from the OSIRIS-REx Visible and InfraRed Spectrometer
Authors: Simon A. A. , Kaplan H. H. , Cloutis E. , Hamilton V. E. , Lantz C. , Reuter D. C. , Trang D. , Fornasier S. , Clark B. E. , Lauretta D. S.
Published: November 2020

Context. The NASA Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security-Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) mission has obtained thousands of spectra of asteroid (101955) Bennu with the OSIRIS-REx Visible and InfraRed Spectrometer.

Aims. We present a spectral search for minor absorption bands and determine compositional variations on the surface of Bennu.

Methods. Reflectance spectra with low and high spatial resolutions were analyzed for evidence of weak absorption bands. Spectra were also divided by a global average spectrum to isolate unique spectral features, and variations in the strongest band depths were mapped on a surface shape model. The global visible to near-IR spectrum of Bennu shows evidence of several weak absorption bands with depths of a few percent.

Results. Several observed bands are consistent with phyllosilicates, and their distribution correlates with the stronger 2.74-μm hydration band. A 0.55-μm band is consistent with iron oxides and is deepest in the spectrally reddest areas on Bennu. The presence of hydrated phyllosilicates and iron oxides indicates substantial aqueous alteration in Bennu’s past.

Conclusions. Bennu’s spectra are not identical to a limited set of carbonaceous chondrite spectra, possibly due to compositional properties and spatial scale differences; however, returned samples should contain a mixture of common chondrite materials.
Residence time distribution and flow pattern modeling of oilseeds in a pilot screw press
Authors: Bogaert Laurine , Mhemdi Houcine , Vorobiev Eugène
Published: November 2020

Mechanical expression is widely applied for oil recovery from oilseeds using continuous screw presses. Despite significant recent advances in the field of press design and automation, it remains difficult to predict the press performances based on the theoretical approaches, and more experimental investigations are needed to clarify and characterize the seeds flow and expression behavior in the press. Residence Time Distribution (RTD) is a frequently used tool in chemical engineering to characterize the material flow by simple tracer tests. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of using RTD for the screw presses, in order to check the flow patterns homogeneity and identify the possible deviations depending on the press geometry and the operating conditions. Both theoretical modeling and experimental investigation are conducted for two different screw press designs (Reinartz and Olexa), and at the different rotation speeds. An original and reliable experimental methodology was developed by using erucic acid as tracer in the form of pulse injection and gas chromatography as detection method. Experimental results coupled with statistical calculations showed the influence of the screw geometry and the rotation speed on the seeds flow inside the press. The matter displacement was much faster and the experimental residence time was very close to the theoretical one indicating more homogeneity and less dispersion in the Olexa arrangement in comparison to the Reinartz arrangement. The higher variance observed at lower rotation speed (2.4 rpm) suggested the presence of flow defects like mixing and axial dispersion in the press. To complete the experimental work, axial dispersion model was applied, and allowed obtaining the valuable information, such as axial dispersion degree and distribution functions. Obtained results can be very useful to predict the performance of existing screw presses and design more efficient industrial equipments.
Diagnosekriterien bei Multipler Sklerose: ein Update
Authors: Weidauer Stefan
Published: November 2020

Neben der klinisch-neurologischen Untersuchung spielt auch die MRT in der Diagnostik und der Verlaufsbeurteilung der Multiplen Sklerose eine wesentliche Rolle. In dieser Übersicht werden die mit der 2017er-Revision der McDonald-Kriterien einhergehenden Änderungen erläutert und differenzialdiagnostische Aspekte, sog. „green flags“ und „red flags“, dargestellt.
Meinungen zum Alkoholkonsum in der Schwangerschaft und zur diesbezüglichen ExpertInnenrolle von medizinischem Fachpersonal
Authors: Binder Annette , Hanke Sara , Petersen Kay Uwe , Huber Clara , Banabak Meryem , Preiser Christine , Batra Anil
Published: November 2020

Einleitung Alkoholkonsum in der Schwangerschaft birgt viele Risiken für das ungeborene Kind. Trotz präventiver Maßnahmen konsumieren manche Schwangere Alkohol. Diese Untersuchung zielt darauf ab, mögliche Gründe für den Konsum in der Schwangerschaft zu identifizieren und die Zuschreibung der Expert:innenrolle an medizinisches Fachpersonal durch die Betroffenen zu beleuchten.

Material und Methoden In dieser Untersuchung wurden 9 Diskussionsthreads aus Onlineforen zum Thema Alkoholkonsum in der Schwangerschaft mit insgesamt 115 Diskussionsteilnehmern mittels Grounded Theory analysiert. Die diskursive Validierung der Ergebnisse erfolgte im Forschungsteam.

Ergebnisse Es zeigte sich, dass die persönliche Definition der Mutterrolle Einfluss auf das Konsumverhalten hat. Frauen, die sehr um das Kindeswohl besorgt waren, konsumierten gelegentlich in Stresssituationen oder bei sozialen Anlässen, berichteten aber häufig über ein nach dem Konsum auftretendes schlechtes Gewissen. Frauen, die eigene Bedürfnisse stärker gewichteten, konsumierten eher aus Genuss oder weil sie sich durch Verbote bevormundet fühlten. Als förderliche Faktoren für die Zuschreibung der Expert:innenrolle an Gynäkolog:innen wurden eine Arzt-Patientenbeziehung auf Augenhöhe sowie eine ausführliche, non-direktive Aufklärung identifiziert. Als hinderlich zeigte sich dagegen eine paternalistische Haltung und das Aussprechen von Verboten.

Diskussion Bei allen Frauen zeigte sich ein hoher Informationsbedarf zum Thema Alkoholkonsum in der Schwangerschaft. Die Arzt-Patienten-Beziehung scheint in der Informationsvermittlung eine wichtige Rolle zu spielen. Zudem wurde deutlich, dass der Unterstützungswunsch bei Frauen, die eine Abstinenz anstreben, nicht ausreichend erfüllt wird.

Schlussfolgerung Der Alkoholkonsum in der Schwangerschaft sollte in der Betreuung aller Schwangeren regelmäßig angesprochen werden. Neben einer Aufklärung über die Risiken des Konsums sind Informationen zu Unterstützungsangeboten relevant.
Traumatic Dissection of Arterial Cervical Vessels: Report of Two Cases and Literature Review
Authors: Finger Guilherme , Nascimento Tobias Ludwig do , Tessaro Julia Carolina Lusa , Stefani Eduarda Tanus , Gripa Maria Eduarda Conte , Tisbierek Eduardo Ekman , Marrone Luiz Carlos Porcello , Rynkowski Carla Bittencourt
Published: November 2020

Even though traumatic dissection of cervical arterial vessels is the major cause of stroke among adults, it is still an underdiagnosed disease in neurosurgical emergencies, since most patients do not have or present subtle clinical signs in the acute phase. The authors report two interesting cases of cervical artery dissection with different traumatic mechanisms and present a broad literature review about this subject.
An Unusual Presentation of Mycotic Popliteal Artery Pseudoaneurysm due to Pasteurella multocida Infection
Authors: Orgiu Antoni , Zanier Thomas , Kashi-Dakhil Mahine , Zaimi Rym , Dakhil Bassel , Longuet Pascale , Bagan Patrick
Published: November 2020

Pasteurella multocida, a zoonotic infectious pathogen, is a rare cause of mycotic aneurysms in human hosts. A 76-year-old man was admitted at our emergency unit for a superinfection of his right limb. The patient was initially treated for a knee arthritis. After a first-line antibiotherapy, the patient was referred to the vascular department for the management of a right acute limb ischemia. The work-up revealed a ruptured pseudoaneurysm of the popliteal artery. The ruptured artery was surgically explanted, and a femoropopliteal bypass was then performed. Pasteurella multocida was detected after bacterial analysis of the aneurysm. The postoperative course was uneventful. This case is the first reported case, to our knowledge, of a popliteal artery pseudoaneurysm due to Pasteurella multocida infection.
Psychological Distress among Adults in Home Confinement in the Midst of COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Lal Abhishek , Sanaullah Anas , M. Saleem Mahnoor Khawaja , Ahmed Naseer , Maqsood Afsheen , Ahmed Naseer
Published: November 2020

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate psychological distress caused by the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic among the adult population residing in Pakistan.

Materials and Methods This cross-sectional survey-based study comprised 1,000 adults residing in Pakistan. A questionnaire was formulated and circulated among adult population of Pakistan, the depression and anxiety symptoms using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scales were assessed.

Statistical Analysis Independent t-test, cross tabulation, and regression analysis were used to identify variables having impact on PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results Among 1,000 participants, 573 were males and 427 were females who completed the survey. Majority were restricted to home for more than 40 days. Considerable number of participants reported depressive (540, 54%) and anxiety (480, 48%) symptoms. Gender, age, earnings, and occupation have significant relation with psychological distress, although similar was not found with education levels.

Conclusion Psychological distress, a concerning yet addressable issue was found among adults arising amid COVID-19 outbreak. Currently, physical health effects of COVID-19 are being looked, while mental health effects being under-addressed. This issue should be addressed to avoid any psychological impact in future.
Primary Repair of Posteriorly Located Anterior Skull Base Dural Defects Using Nonpenetrating Titanium Clips in Cranial Trauma
Authors: Milton Camille K. , Andrews Bethany J. , Baker Cordell M. , O'Connor Kyle P. , Conner Andrew K. , Sughrue Michael E. , McKinney Kibwei A. , El Rassi Edward T. , Sanclement Jose A. , Glenn Chad A.
Published: November 2020

Objective Primary repair of posteriorly located anterior skull base (ASB) dural defects following cranial trauma is made difficult by narrow operative corridors and adherent dura mater. Inadequate closure may result in continued cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak and infectious sequelae. Here, we report surgical outcomes following the use of nonpenetrating titanium microclips as an adjunctive repair technique in traumatic anterior skull base dural defects extending from the olfactory groove to the tuberculum sellae.

Methods All trauma patients who underwent a bifrontal craniotomy from January 2013 to October 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with ASB defects located at posterior to the olfactory groove were analyzed. Patients with isolated frontal sinus fractures were excluded. All patients presented with CSF leak or radiographic signs of dural compromise. Patients were divided according to posterior extent of injury. Patient characteristics, imaging, surgical technique, and outcomes are reported.

Results A total of 19 patients who underwent a bifrontal craniotomy for repair of posteriorly located ASB dural defects using nonpenetrating titanium microclips were included. Defects were divided by location: olfactory groove (10/19), planum sphenoidale (6/19), and tuberculum sellae (3/19). No patients demonstrated a postoperative CSF leak. No complications related to the microclip technique was observed. Clip artifact did not compromise postoperative imaging interpretation.

Conclusion Primary repair of posteriorly located ASB dural defects is challenging due to narrow working angles and thin dura mater. Use of nonpenetrating titanium microclips for primary repair of posteriorly located dural defects is a reasonable adjunctive repair technique and was associated with no postoperative CSF leaks in this cohort.
Brain Abscess Caused by Nocardia: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Finger Guilherme , Gripa Maria Eduarda Conte , Cecchini Tiago Paczko Bozko , Nascimento Tobias Ludwig do
Published: November 2020

Nocardia brain abscess is a rare clinical entity, accounting for 2% of all brain abscesses, associated with high morbidity and a mortality rate 3 times higher than brain abscesses caused by other bacteria. Proper investigation and treatment, characterized by a long-term antibiotic therapy, play an important role on the outcome of the patient. The authors describe a case of a patient without neurological comorbidities who developed clinical signs of right occipital lobe impairment and seizures, whose investigation demonstrated brain abscess caused by Nocardia spp. The patient was treated surgically followed by antibiotic therapy with a great outcome after 1 year of follow-up.
Total Knee Arthroplasty after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Best Matthew J. , Amin Raj M. , Raad Micheal , Kreulen R. Timothy , Musharbash Farah , Valaik Daniel , Wilckens John H.
Published: November 2020

The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is increasing in the United States, particularly in the older athlete. Patients who undergo ACL reconstruction are at higher risk for undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) later in life. TKA in patients with prior ACL reconstruction has been associated with longer operative time due in-part to difficulty with exposure and retained hardware. Outcomes after TKA in patients with prior ACL reconstruction are not well defined, with some reports showing increased rate of complications and higher risk of reoperation compared with routine primary TKA, but these results are based on small and nonrandomized cohorts. Future research is needed to determine whether graft choice or fixation technique for ACL reconstruction influences outcomes after subsequent TKA. Furthermore, whether outcomes are affected by choice of TKA implant design for patients with prior ACL reconstruction warrants further study. This review analyzes the epidemiology, operative considerations, and outcomes of TKA following ACL reconstruction.
Peer-interaction patterns in a Chinese as a foreign language pair writing task
Authors: Zhai Mengying
Published: November 2020

Research on peer interaction patterns over the past three decades has provided insights regarding how relationships formed among peers can influence task performance. Six pairs of intermediate Chinese learners participating in a collaborative writing task were recruited, and their pair-interaction patterns were investigated for detailed evidence of how such patterns were constructed through their co-participation measured by two indices proposed byStorch (2002a), equality and mutuality. Furthermore, taking a Conversation Analytical (CA) perspective, this study also examined the fine-grained detail of several interactional practices displaying participants’ orientation to the peer relationship. This revealed that each pair displayed a distinctive interaction pattern that was constructed through diverse participatory practices which are contingent upon the ongoing interaction as it unfolds. The findings shed new light into analyzing pair interactions in collaborative writing from a CA perspective in CFL settings and have important implications for studying interaction patterns and implementing collaborative writing tasks.
Determination of the light exposure on the photodiodes of a new instrumented baffle for the Virgo input mode cleaner end-mirror
Authors: Romero-Rodríguez A , Allocca A , Chiummo A , Martínez M , Mir Ll M , Yamamoto H
Published: November 2020

As part of the upgrade program of the advanced Virgo interferometer, the installation of new instrumented baffles surrounding the main test masses is foreseen. As a demonstrator, and to validate the technology, the existing baffle in the area of the input mode cleaner end-mirror will be first replaced by a baffle equipped with photodiodes. This paper presents detailed simulations of the light distribution on the input mode cleaner baffle. They served to validate the proposed layout of the sensors in the baffle, and determine the light exposure of the photodiodes under different scenarios of the interferometer operations, in order to define mitigation strategies for preserving the detector integrity.
Relativity and radiation balance for the classical hydrogen atom in classical electromagnetic zero-point radiation
Authors: Boyer Timothy H
Published: November 2020

When teaching modern physics, every instructor must deal with the apparent failure of classical physics to prevent the radiation collapse of the nuclear atom. Here we review the understanding of the classical hydrogen atom in classical electromagnetic zero-point radiation, and emphasize the importance of special relativity. The crucial missing ingredient in earlier calculational attempts (both numerical and analytic) is the use of valid approximations to the full relativistic analysis. It is pointed out that the nonrelativistic time Fourier expansion coefficients given by Landau and Lifshitz are in error as the electromagnetic description of a charged particle in a Coulomb potential, and, because of this error, Marshall and Claverie’s conclusion regarding the failure of radiation balance is invalid. Rather, using Marshall and Claverie’s calculations, but restricted to lowest nonvanishing order in the orbital eccentricity (where the nonrelativistic orbit is a valid approximation to the fully relativistic electromagnetic orbit) radiation balance for classical electromagnetic zero-point radiation is shown to hold at the fundamental frequencies and associated first overtones.
A direct method for solving inverse Sturm–Liouville problems*
Authors: Kravchenko Vladislav V. , Torba Sergii M.
Published: November 2020

We consider two main inverse Sturm–Liouville problems: the problem of recovery of the potential and the boundary conditions from two spectra or from a spectral density function. A simple method for practical solution of such problems is developed, based on the transmutation operator approach, new Neumann series of Bessel functions representations for solutions and the Gelfand–Levitan equation. The method allows one to reduce the inverse Sturm–Liouville problem directly to a system of linear algebraic equations, such that the potential is recovered from the first element of the solution vector. We prove the stability of the method and show its numerical efficiency with several numerical examples.
Higgs decay to light (pseudo)scalars in the semi-constrained NMSSM *
Authors: Ma Shiquan , Wang Kun , Zhu Jingya
Published: November 2020

The next-to minimal supersymmetric standard model (NMSSM) with non-universal Higgs masses, i.e., the semi-constrained NMSSM (scNMSSM), extends the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) by a singlet superfield and assumes universal conditions, except for the Higgs sector. It can not only maintain the simplicity and grace of the fully constrained MSSM and NMSSM and relieve the tension they have been facing since the discovery of the 125-GeV Higgs boson but also allow for an exotic phenomenon wherein the Higgs decay into a pair of light (

) singlet-dominated (pseudo)scalars (hereafter, in this paper, we use "scalar" for both scalars and pseudoscalars, considering pseudoscalars can also be called CP-odd scalars). This condition can be classified into three scenarios according to the identitiesof the SM-like Higgs and the light scalar: (i) the light scalar is CP-odd, and the SM-like Higgs is

; (ii) the light scalar is CP-odd, and the SM-like Higgs is

; and (iii) the light scalar is CP-even, and the SM-like Higgs is

. In this work, we compare the three scenarios, checking the interesting parameter regions that lead to the scenarios, the mixing levels of the doublets and singlets, the tri-scalar coupling between the SM-like Higgs and a pair of light scalars, the branching ratio of Higgs decay to the light scalars, and sensitivities in the detection of the exotic decay at the HL-LHC and future lepton colliders such as CEPC, FCC-ee, and ILC. Finally, several interesting conclusions are drawn, which are useful for understanding the different delicate mechanisms of the exotic decay and designing colliders in future.
Slowly rotating Einstein-bumblebee black hole solution and its greybody factor in a Lorentz violation model *
Authors: Ding Chikun , Chen Xiongwen
Published: November 2020

We obtain an exact slowly rotating Einstein-bumblebee black hole solution by solving the corresponding

and

components of the gravitational field equations for both cases: A)

and B)

. Then, we check the other gravitational field equations and the bumblebee field motion equations using this solution. We find that for case A, there indeed exists a slowly rotating black hole solution for an arbitrary LV (Lorentz violation) coupling constant

; however, for case B, this slowly rotating solution exists if and only if coupling constant

is as small as or smaller than angular momentum a. Thus far, no full rotating black hole solution has been published; hence, the Newman-Janis algorithm cannot be used to generate a rotating solution in the Einstein-bumblebee theory. This is similar to the Einstein-aether theory, wherein only some slowly rotating black hole solutions exist. To study the effects of this broken Lorentz symmetry, we consider the black hole greybody factor and find that, for angular index

, LV constant

decreases the effective potential and enhances the absorption probability, which is similar to the results for the non-minimal derivative coupling theory.
Probing the universality of acceleration scale in modified Newtonian dynamics with SPARC galaxies *
Authors: Li Xin , Zhao Su-Ping , Lin Hai-Nan , Zhou Yong
Published: November 2020

We probe the universality of acceleration scale

in Milgrom's modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) using the recently released rotation curve data from SPARC galaxies. We divide the SPARC data into different subsamples according to the morphological types of galaxies, and fit the rotation curve data of each subsample with the theoretical prediction of MOND. MOND involves an arbitrary interpolation function which connects the Newtonian region and the MOND region. Here we consider five different interpolation functions that are widely discussed in the literature. It is shown that the best-fitting

significantly depends on the interpolation functions. For a specific interpolation function,

also depends on the morphological types of galaxies, implying that

may be not a universal constant. Introducing a dipole correction to

can significantly improve the fits. The dipole directions for four of the five interpolation functions point towards an approximately consistent direction, but

still varies for different interpolation functions.
Modeling the parameters of hot radioactivity release as a result of an accident at Chernobyl nuclear power plant
Authors: Mehdi M , Panin M P , Pripachkin D A , Mohemmedi B
Published: November 2020

A three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model is used to simulate the dispersion of radioactive gas from the Chernobyl accident. The most important features of the model are a totally 3-dimensional advection–diffusion equation. Computing the rise of the plume from an accident is an important point for estimating the release of radioactive gas into the atmosphere. The analysis of the plume rise at the time of the Chernobyl accident presents some special circumstances. This is caused by the very high temperature resulting from the burning of graphite. The modeling was performed using Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes RANS method using the k-ε model delivered by the commercial code ANSYS-Fluent. The results of the simulation were verified against the measurements taken by aircraft.
Radiological risk assessment for the population of Vietnam from an exposure to natural and technogenic radionuclides
Authors: Momot O A , Nguyen T P , Synzynys B I
Published: November 2020

For the generalized population of Vietnam and the cities of Dalat and Hanoi, a risk assessment is carried out for exposure to radioactive substances present in the environment. The impact of radionuclides of both natural and man-made origin, as well as various routes of their impact, are considered. The assessed results show the values of the radiological risk for the population of Vietnam, Dalat and Hanoi amount to 1.58·10−6, 1.96·10−6 and 7.19·10−5, respectively. The greatest contribution to radiological risk is made by the consumption of foods that contain natural radionuclides. The radiological risk in Vietnam from technogenic radionuclides doesn’t exceed acceptable value (5·10−5) and is much lower (14-1125 times) than that from natural radionuclides.
Prediction of the exposure of atmospheric releases from Baltic nuclear power plant to members of the public and non-human biota
Authors: Nushtaeva V E , Spiridonov S I , Karpenko E I , Nushtaev S N , Kurbakov D N
Published: November 2020

The article presents a long-term prediction of radiation doses to members of the public and reference organisms of biota from planned radioactive atmospheric releases by the Baltic nuclear power plant with VVER-1200. The calculation of atmospheric dispersion and radiation dose to the population have performed on the basis of general models presented in the IAEA Safety Report Series No. 19. The radiation doses to non-human biota have calculated using the ERICA Tool. Annual effective dose to the population near the Baltic NPP are expected to be below 2.1 μSv. The dose rate of reference organisms will not exceed 0.6 nGy/h. The main contribution to the irradiation of both population and non-human biota will be made by 14C and 3H. It has recommended to include these radionuclides in the radioecological monitoring program of natural and agricultural ecosystems in the area where the Baltic NPP is located.
The long-term effects of combined chronic exposure to low-intensity radiofrequency electromagnetic fields and different food quantity on crustaceans Daphnia magna
Authors: Zhalnina A A , Uskalova D V , Ustenko K V , Savina N B
Published: November 2020

The long-term effects of chronic exposure to low-intensity radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) and different food quantity on crustaceans Daphnia magna were studied. The changes in growth, survival and fecundity of daphnia were analyzed. EMF (1 GHz; 100 mW/cm2) does not affect the growth and survival of D. magna, which is chronically exposed in the early period of ontogenesis. However, EMR reduces the fertility of irradiated daphnia and their offspring. Food conditions affect these parameters of crustaceans independently.
Polyvinylidene fluoride based track-etched membrane preparation for the needs of membrane distillation and its properties examination
Authors: Laricheva T E , Ananyeva O A , Merkov S M , Manakova O M
Published: November 2020

This article is devoted to the preparation of track-etched membranes based on polyvinylidene fluoride irradiated with krypton ions for membrane distillation. The track-ethed membranes performance relationship to the of the membrane distillation conditions such as the concentration of salts in the feed solution, temperature and charge of the dissolved salt cation) was studied. Also the sensitizing effect of dimethylformamide on the membrane pores diameter and UV-radiation on the formation of the track-etched membrane with a given pore size were studied.
Analysis of the Rostov NPP operation impact on the radiation factors of the atmospheric air in the location area
Authors: Bublikova I A , Tsuverkalova O F , Aksenova K S
Published: November 2020

The impact of the Rostov NPP operation on the radiation characteristics of the location area is estimated based on the results of state monitoring of the radiation. The analysis performed allows the conclusion to be made that there is no relation between the Rostov NPP operation and the radiation factors of the atmospheric air.
Hygienic assessment of mobile communication base stations electromagnetic field exposure
Authors: Perov S Yu , Belaya O V
Published: November 2020

The mobile networks base stations electromagnetic field exposure is the important subject of hygienic assessment, control, monitoring and significant concern in modern society. The Russian assessment approach needs electromagnetic field of multiple sources exposure estimation improvement by application of selective methods for the worst possible case. The general scheme for maximal electromagnetic field exposure assessment from GSM, UMTS, LTE and 5G/NR modern base stations on the basis of international approach are considered. The results of selective electromagnetic field measurements performed for actual and maximal possible exposure assessment in the vicinity of LTE base station are presented.
Radioactive particles: biokinetic transfer parameters in the GIT of monogastric animals
Authors: Shapovalov S , Kozmin G , Zenkin A , Denisova E , Kurachenko Yu , Fesenko S
Published: November 2020

Transfer of radioactive particles in the environment is an important issue important for both radiobiology and radioecology. The article presents an analysis of the main patterns of “hot” radioactive particles transport in the digestive tract of monogastric animals (rats, guinea pigs and pigs), which serve as reference organisms in the tasks of assessing the radiation risk of environmental contamination. The models of particle transport in the gastrointestinal tract of monogastric animals were developed and their parameters were estimated.
Influence of gamma irradiation on mortality of two age groups of the terrestrial mollusk F. fruticum
Authors: Trofimova L A , Cherkasova E E , Lavrentyeva G V
Published: November 2020

Laboratory studies were carried out to identify the effect of gamma radiation on mortality of the terrestrial mollusk F. Fruticum in the range of doses from 10 Gy to 100 Gy. Two age groups of mollusks were studied: fingerlings (0-1 years) and mature individuals. It is found that the use of terrestrial mollusks of the first age group for laboratory experiments is impractical due to their high sensitivity to changes in environmental parameters. The LD50/60 value is determined for mollusks of second age group as 60.7-119.3 Gy. The time dependence of the change in the mortality of the mollusks was revealed. An increase in the dose of irradiation leads to an increase in the mortality of terrestrial mollusks irradiated at medium and high doses in eleven months after exposure. The effect of low doses on the mortality rate is observed in eight months after exposure.
Biological efficiency of ultra- and hypofractionated irradiation of a proton scanning beam
Authors: Troshina M V , Vasilev K G , Koryakina E V , Potetnya V I , Solovev A N , Golovanova O Yu , Koryakin S N
Published: November 2020

The results of the protons biological effectiveness on tumor cells under hypofractionated irradiation with the division of a single (daily) dose into two, three, and four equal fractions (ultrafractionation) are presented. The proposed schemes for splitting the daily dose into fractions were selected in order to reduce the dose to healthy tissues and critical organs located at the proton beam pathway.
Biophysical and socioeconomic drivers of oil palm expansion in Indonesia
Authors: Xin Yu , Sun Laixiang , Hansen Matthew C
Published: November 2020

Indonesia has been the largest supplier of palm oil since 2007, and now supplies around 56% of the global market. While the existing literature has paid serious attention to the diverse impacts of oil palm plantation on socioeconomic factors and the environment, less is known about the joint role of biophysical and socioeconomic factors in shaping the temporal and spatial dynamics of oil palm expansion. This research investigates how the benefits and costs of converting other land use/ land cover (LULC) types to oil palm plantation affects these expansion patterns. We employ a spatial panel modeling approach to assess the contributions of biophysical and socioeconomic driving factors. Our modeling focuses on Sumatra and Kalimantan, two islands which have accounted for more than 90% of oil palm expansion in Indonesia since 1990, with Sumatra holding the majority of the country’s plantations, and Kalimantan having the highest growth rate since 2000. The results show that the expansion in Kalimantan, which has been strongly stimulated by the export value of palm oil products, has occurred in areas with better biophysical suitability and infrastructure accessibility, following the ‘pecking order’ sequence, whereby more productive areas are already occupied by existing agriculture and plantations, and avoiding areas with high environmental values or socioeconomic costs. As demand for palm oil continues to grow, and land resources become more limited, the expansion in Kalimantan will tend towards the dynamics observed in Sumatra, with plantation expanding into remote and fertile areas with high conversion costs or legal barriers. Bare ground seems to have served as a clearing-up tactic to meet the procedural requirements of oil palm plantation for sustainable development. This research facilitates the improved projection of potential areas liable to future expansion, and the development of strategies to manage the leading drivers of LULC in Indonesia.
Circular economy approach for mealworm industrial production for human consumption
Authors: Nava A.L. , Higareda T.E. , Barreto C. , Rodríguez R. , Márquez I. , Palacios M.L.
Published: November 2020

United Nations has settled that in 2050 world population could reach 9.8 billion people so the food and protein requirements will increase, on the basis of this, the actual paper presents a proposal for a circular economy approach of the industrial production process of the edible insect Tenebrio molitor (T. molitor) as food. Edible insects are a great solution because of their source of protein, omegas and minerals they are considered as an alternative to ensure food security in a sustainable way. The process of breeding and harvesting T. molitor has been designed from the perspective of maximum use of all the resources involved, reducing waste production, minimizing greenhouse gas emissions and the use of all by-products derived from the process, with the aim to be used in agriculture, pharmacy, food and feed. Throughout the course of the T. molitor’s breeding needs to be supplied by organic food and a minimal use of water obtained by fruits and vegetables; all the waste generated by it: frass and exoskeletons (chitin), can be reuse with agricultural organic fertilizer purposes (flowering) and it is a great value supply in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, that is why the importance of recovering of the larva’s exoskeleton from the process. The processes of breeding and harvesting of the T. molitor from its beetle stage to the larval stage are described in the ‘know how’ to obtain an edible organic product as a powder or simply as a dehydrated product.
Minimizing heterogeneity of VOS observations for improving estimates of short-wave radiation over the oceans
Authors: Aleksandrova M
Published: November 2020

The paper describes the development of climatologies of short-wave radiation over the ocean using visually observed cloud cover from the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS). For producing climatology of short-wave radiation, we applied bulk parameterization (known as SAIL/IOARAS). For a proper computation of short-wave radiation values special effort was taken to reduce sampling errors in cloud cover from ICOADS. Specifically, we consider the uncertainties associated with temporal inhomogeneity of observations and potentially implying biases in short-wave radiation estimates related to the astronomy factors critical for short-wave radiation. For this purpose, we propose simple and effective algorithms.
Factors of natural climate variability contributing to the Early 20th Century Warming in the Arctic
Authors: Bokuchava D D , Semenov V A
Published: November 2020

The Early 20th century warming (ETCW) in the Northern Polar region was comparable by its average pace to the modern warming, but the mechanism of this climate anomaly remains a matter of debate. The key issue is to assess the contribution of internal variability and external natural and human impacts. Internal variability is one of the most likely mechanisms that may explain a large part of ETCW. This paper provides an overview of the existing mechanisms of internal climate variability responsible for the long-term climate anomaly in the mid-twentieth century.
Sea ice retreat and its impact on cyclone activity in the Nordic Seas: insights from coupled regional climate model simulations
Authors: Dembitskaya M A , Akperov M , Semenov V A , Mokhov I I , Bokuchava D D , Dorn W , Rinke A
Published: November 2020

The impact of sea ice concentration (SIC) changes in the Nordic Seas on the winter cyclone activity in the Nordic Seas is analyzed in 10-member ensemble simulations with the coupled Arctic atmosphere-ocean-sea ice model HIRHAM-NAOSIM for the 1979–2016 period. The analysis reveals that anomalously low SIC in the Nordic Seas leads to decrease in vertical atmospheric static stability, and thus may result in favorable conditions for cyclogenesis in the Nordic Seas. Our analysis also shows a statistically significant increase of cyclone frequency over the Nordic Seas under conditions of the low SIC regime.
The influence of anthropogenic heat fluxes on the temperature and wind regimes of the Moscow and St. Petersburg regions
Authors: Dokukin S A , Ginzburg A S
Published: November 2020

Anthropogenic heat fluxes (AHF) have a significant impact on the weather and climate characteristics of urbanized territories. AHF plays a crucial role in the formation of an urban heat island. The structure of the urban heat island is determined not only by the AHF distribution but also by the location of the city. Moscow and St. Petersburg are the two largest Russian cities located in significantly different climatic conditions with the highest value of the AHF. In this article we compare the influence of the AHF on the temperature and wind regimes in Moscow and St. Petersburg regions.
Evaluation of large-scale smoke aerosol fluxes on the example of Siberian boreal forest fires in July 2016
Authors: Gorchakov G I , Semoutnikova E G , Karpov A V , Gushchin R A , Datsenko O I , Tekarev R R
Published: November 2020

A technique is proposed for determining of the large-scale smoke aerosol fluxes using a wind field reanalysis data and the satellite monitoring data of the aerosol optical depths and the vertical profile of the attenuation coefficient. The directions of the long-range transport of the Siberian smoke haze fragments were determined in July 2016. The maximum large-scale mass fluxes and the total mass of the smoke aerosol during the transfer of air masses through the Ural meridian to the west (0.38*106 ton/day and 1.38*106 tons) and through the 115ºE meridian to the east (0.26*106 ton/day and 0.72*106 tons) were estimated.
Manifestation of the 11-year solar cycle in the North Atlantic climate
Authors: Gruzdev A N , Bezverkhnii V A
Published: November 2020

Analysis of fluctuations in the climate of the North Atlantic associated with the 11-year solar cycle is done using empirical data of the sea level pressure (SLP) and sea surface temperature (SST) for 1870-2012 and data of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index and Central England temperature. Emphasis is placed on the regions of the Icelandic and Azores atmospheric centers of action (CA). Methods of multiple linear regression and cross-wavelet analysis are used. The analysis reveals decadal oscillations of the SLP lagging by ∼3 years relative to the sunspot number, in the area of the Azores CA in the winter and autumn seasons. SLP variations that are approximately in phase with the solar cycle are noted in autumn in the Icelandic CA. Solar-related SLP variations in the Icelandic CA in winter occur approximately in anti-phase with the variations in the Azores CA, at smaller lag behind the solar cycle. SLP variations associated with the solar cycle are comparable in amplitude to variations due to the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). SST variations associated with the solar cycle are also revealed. They are several times weaker than variations due to the AMO, but of the same order of magnitude as variations due to the ENSO. The relation of the NAO index to the solar cycle is alternating and experiences modulation with a period of about 50 years.
The black carbon content variations in the Arctic region during 2011 - 2018
Authors: Kopeikin V M , Shevchenko V P , Malafeev G V , Novigatsky A N , Pankratova N V , Ya Ponomareva T , Skorokhod A I , Shtabkin Yu A , Makhotina I A , Makhotin M S , Yu Churakova E
Published: November 2020

Data on black carbon (BC) concentrations obtained from the board of research vessels (R/V), “Acad. Mstislav Keldysh”, “Acad. M. A. Lavrentyev” and “Prof. Molchanov” in 2011–2018. They were used to study the quantitative distribution of black carbon in the driving air layer over the seas of the Russian Arctic in the summer-autumn period and to determine its main source regions. Variations in the BC content in the near water layer of the atmosphere at the North Pole, in the Norwegian, Barents, Kara, East Siberian Seas and the Laptev Sea are obtained. As a result of 12 marine expeditions in the summer-autumn period of 2011 - 2018 the BC concentration in the atmospheric drive layer in the Arctic was mainly at the background level and averaged 47 ng/m3 (9-95 ng/m3). An increase in the BC concentration by several times, as shown by trajectory analysis, occurs occasionally upon receipt of air masses from the mainland, from areas of associated gas combustion. Low BC values were observed when air masses passed over the water surface from the northern regions of the Arctic. The BC concentration above the water surface depends on the state of the atmosphere in the region of soot sources on the mainland.
The assessment of salinity impact on surface water mass transformation in the North Atlantic
Authors: Kukushkin V M , Yu Markina M
Published: November 2020

In this study, we investigate sensitivity of total surface water transformation to salinity from different data sources. Here we use surface salinity from NCEP CFSv2 reanalysis, GLORYS ocean reanalysis, Aquarius satellite data and ISAS-15 (product of optimal interpolation of ARGO buoys) as well as heat and freshwater fluxes from NCEP CFSv2 reanalysis. The largest spread in estimates of salinity is observed for Aquarius satellite in subpolar regions. The best correspondence between transformation computed using salinity from different datasets is observed for subtropical waters. Model-based products (CFSv2 and GLORYS) are the most consistent in estimates of surface water transformation and the largest discrepancies between these datasets are observed in the regions with high freshwater fluxes.