bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preventing food allergy in infancy and childhood: Systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: de Silva Debra , Halken Susanne , Singh Chris , Muraro Antonella , Angier Elizabeth , Arasi Stefania , Arshad Hasan , Beyer Kirsten , Boyle Robert , du Toit George , Eigenmann Philippe , Grimshaw Kate , Hoest Arne , Jones Carla , Khaleva Ekaterina , Lack Gideon , Szajewska Hania , Venter Carina , Verhasselt Valérie , Roberts Graham ,   European Academy of Allergy, Clinical Immunology Food Allergy, Anaphylaxis Guidelines Group
Published: May 2020

Background

This systematic review of ways to prevent immediate‐onset/IgE‐mediated food allergy will inform guidelines by the European Academy of Allergy and Immunology (EAACI).

Methods

The GRADE approach was used. Eleven databases were searched from 1946 to October 2019 for randomized controlled trials (and large prospective cohort studies in the case of breastfeeding). The studies included heterogeneous interventions, populations, and outcomes and so were summarized narratively.

Results

Forty‐six studies examined interventions to reduce the risk of food allergy in infancy (up to 1 year) or early childhood. The following interventions for pregnant or breastfeeding women and/or infants may have little to no effect on preventing food allergy, but the evidence is very uncertain: dietary avoidance of food allergens, vitamin supplements, fish oil, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and emollients. Breastfeeding, hydrolyzed formulas, and avoiding cow's milk formula may not reduce the risk of cow's milk protein allergy; however, temporary supplementation with cow's milk formula in the first week of life may increase the risk of cow's milk allergy. Introducing well‐cooked egg, but not pasteurized raw egg, from 4 to 6 months probably reduces the risk of hen’s egg allergy. Introducing regular peanut consumption into the diet of an infant at increased risk beginning from 4 to 11 months probably results in a large reduction in peanut allergy in countries with a high prevalence. These conclusions about introducing peanut are based on moderate certainty evidence, from single trials in high‐income countries.

Conclusions

Sixty percent of the included studies were published in the last 10 years, but much still remains to be understood about preventing food allergy. In particular, there is a need to validate the potential benefits of early introduction of food allergens in a wider range of populations.
The effectiveness of cognitive analytic therapy for borderline personality disorder: Utilizing a withdrawal experimental design to improve sensitivity to abandonment
Authors: Kellett Stephen , Gausden Joe , Gaskell Chris
Published: May 2020

Objectives

A primary methodological weakness of the single‐case experimental design (SCED) outcome studies conducted of the treatment of personality disorder with cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) is that they have failed to employ a withdrawal phase or cross‐over design and so are deemed quasi‐experimental. This study sought to implement a withdrawal design, in order to improve the internal validity of the study to make it a true SCED, and also in order to enable the patient to explore abandonment dynamics.

Design

The study employed an A1/B1/A2/B2 with extended follow‐up SCED with a female patient treated with CAT meeting diagnostic criteria for borderline personality disorder (BPD). Following the 6‐week baseline period ‘A1’, treatment occurred in two phases (21 sessions ‘B1’ and 24 sessions ‘B2’) sandwiching a 12‐week treatment withdrawal phase (‘A2’) and a 24‐week structured follow‐up phase. Seven idiographic daily measures were collected that created a N = 698 day timeline. Nomothetic outcome measures were collected at baseline and at the end of each phase of the study, and the Session Impact Scale was completed after each treatment session.

Results

There was a significant increase in the task focus of treatment sessions. Ideographically, CAT was an effective treatment for improving the participant’s self‐to‐self relationship, as their self‐hate reduced and their sense‐of‐self increased. There was a broad pattern of deterioration during the second treatment phase (B2) and follow‐up phase across the ideographic measures, and CAT was ineffective for BPD ideographic emotional or self‐to‐other measures. Reliable change occurred on the primary BPD nomothetic outcome measure from baseline to end of first treatment phase.

Conclusions

The study suggests that the CAT intervention was partially successful and that it is possible to integrate good research practice with clinical innovation. The methodological strengths and limitations of the design and the clinical implications of the results are discussed.

Practitioner points

Cognitive analytic therapy was partially effective in the treatment of BPD in a case that had been unresponsive to other psychological interventions.

Therapists need to complete lengthy and structured follow‐up to capture any emerging relapse.

Therapists need to discuss the patient’s thoughts and feelings about termination regularly in a relationally informed manner.
Identifying chromosomal introgressions from a wild species Arachis diogoi into interspecific peanut hybrids
Authors: Hanson Erik , Zhou Hai , Tallury Shyamalrau P. , Yang Xiping , Paudel Dev , Tillman Barry , Wang Jianping
Published: May 2020

An interspecific peanut hybrid population was generated from a cross between Arachis diogoi, a wild species with resistance to spotted wilt, and “Gregory”, a susceptible cultivar. The objectives of the study are to identify successful introgression of A. diogoi's genome and to evaluate the spotted wilt resistance in the introgression population. Sixty‐three putative introgression lines were genotyped using 137 polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers, out of which 14 markers located on seven of the 20 peanut chromosomes showed introgression of A. diogoi genome into at least one of the introgression lines. In addition, genotyping by sequencing of a subset of the population revealed SNP loci displaying introgression of A. diogoi genome on every chromosome of the A sub‐genome of the introgression lines, with the most introgressed loci on chromosome A05. Several introgression lines showed consistent spotted wilt resistance, suggesting successful genomic introgression of A. diogoi contributing to the resistance.
Survival of Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens in weeds
Authors: Nascimento Daniele M. , Oliveira Letícia R. , Melo Luana L. , Silva João C. , Soman José M. , Girotto Karine T. , Eburneo Renan P. , Ribeiro‐Junior Marcos R. , Sartori Maria M. P. , Silva Júnior Tadeu A. F. , Maringoni Antonio C.
Published: May 2020

Weeds are important alternative hosts of pathogens, responsible for the survival and spread of phytopathogenic bacteria. Our study evaluated the potential of weeds as hosts of Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Cff), causal agent of bacterial wilt, one of the main diseases of common beans. Cff survival was evaluated in the phyllosphere and in the rhizosphere of 21 weeds, in four experiments under field conditions, during the years 2018 and 2019. The aerial part of the plant was inoculated by spraying bacterial suspension (107 cfu/ml) of Cff, while the soil of the growing pots was infested with the same suspension. Cff survival was evaluated every 7 days, for 70 days. The identity of the bacterium was confirmed by PCR with the specific primers CffFOR2 and CffREV4, from strains recovered from all samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that high temperatures and rainfall reduced Cff survival in the phyllosphere, while high temperatures reduced the survival of the bacterium in the rhizosphere. Our results demonstrated that Amaranthus viridis (family Amaranthaceae), Conyza bonariensis, Emilia fosbergii, Galinsoga parviflora, Gnaphalium purpureum (Asteraceae), Raphanus sativus, Lepidium virginicum (Brassicaceae), Commelina benghalensis (Commelinaceae), Ipomoea triloba (Convolvulaceae), Cyperus rotundus (Cyperaceae), Senna obtusifolia (Fabaceae), Digitaria insularis (Poaceae), Nicandra physalodes, and Solanum americanum (Solanaceae) are potential hosts for Cff. Their eradication in common bean fields is recommended, especially in fields with a history of bacterial wilt occurrence.
The Third and Fatal Shock: How Pandemic Killed the Millennial Paradigm
Authors: Roberts Alasdair
Published: May 2020

This millennium began with widespread acceptance of a governing paradigm emphasizing small government, free markets, and open borders. Three crises—the 9/11 attacks, the 2008 financial crisis, and the 2020 COVID‐19 pandemic—forced American policy makers to diverge from this paradigm. At the time, these divergences were described as temporary departures from normalcy. In retrospect, it would be more accurate to regard the millennial paradigm itself as the abnormality: a model of governance designed for rare moments of calm. In the last two decades, a different paradigm has emerged. American government has become the ultimate bearer of societal risks. Repeatedly, it has adopted extraordinary measures to protect public safety and the economy. However, the American state lacks the capacity to anticipate and manage these massive risks competently. New capabilities are required, along with a new mentality about governing. Domestic politics will complicate the task of building these capabilities.
Alluvial architecture of mid‐channel fluvial–tidal barforms: The mesotidal Lower Columbia River, Oregon/Washington, USA
Authors: Prokocki Eric W. , Best James L. , Ashworth Philip J. , Sambrook Smith Gregory H. , Nicholas Andrew P. , Parsons Daniel R. , Simpson Christopher J.
Published: May 2020

Barforms of mesotidal to macrotidal fluvial–tidal transitions, regardless of fluvial‐discharge, are currently thought to display a sedimentary architecture dominated by tidal signatures. Due to the scarcity of observations from modern mesotidal fluvial–tidal transitions, especially those of multi‐channelled large‐rivers (mean annual discharge ≥7000 m3 s−1 and peak discharges ≥15 000 m3 s−1) with mid‐channel bars, this concept remains unproven. The present study analyses data produced by a combination of high‐resolution ground penetrating radar and coupled shallow vibracores (<5 m depth), collected from modern fluvial–tidal mid‐channel bars of the mesotidal multi‐channelled Lower Columbia River, Washington/Oregon, USA, which can experience peak discharges ≥18 000 m3 s−1. These data were used alongside time‐sequenced aerial imagery to characterize the spatio‐temporal sedimentological evolution of these barforms in singular flows or combined flows consisting of river, tidal and/or wind‐wave oscillatory, current components operating in unique fluvial–tidal transition regimes. Results indicate that ca 75% of the Lower Columbia River fluvial–tidal transition produces braid‐bars with basal to bar‐top sedimentological architectures that are indistinguishable from fluvial‐only braid‐bars recorded in the literature. Barform stratal characteristics within the fluvial–tidal transitions of mesotidal large‐rivers are therefore more likely to be dominated by downstream‐oriented currents. Furthermore, a new style of low‐angle (<5°) inclined heterolithic stratification found in bar‐top accretion‐sets within upper‐mixed tidal–fluvial regime braid‐bars is observed. This common stratification is created by combined‐flows characterized by intrabasinal wind‐wave oscillatory‐currents and bidirectional tidal‐currents. This inclined heterolithic stratification marks the initial downstream fluvial–tidal crossover point from Lower Columbia River up‐dip fully‐fluvial braid‐bar architectures, to those possessing bar‐top facies produced by the hydraulic‐sedimentation response of combined intrabasinal wind‐wave and tidal influence. When preserved, this form of mid‐channel bar inclined heterolithic stratification provides a unique sedimentological signature of multi‐channelled fluvial–tidal transitions that possess an open‐water lower basin with intrabasinal wind‐waves.
Biomechanics of graded running: Part I ‐ Stride parameters, external forces, muscle activations
Authors: Vernillo Gianluca , Martinez Aaron , Baggaley Michael , Khassetarash Arash , Giandolini Marlene , Horvais Nicolas , Edwards William Brent , Millet Guillaume Y.
Published: May 2020

Biomechanical alterations with graded running have only been partially quantified, and the potential interactions with running speed remain unclear. We measured spatiotemporal parameters, ground reaction forces, and leg muscle activations (EMG) in nineteen adults (10F/9M) running on an instrumented treadmills at 2.50, 3.33, and 4.17 m·s−1 and 0, ±5°, and ±10°. Step frequency illustrated a significant speed × grade interaction (P < .001) and was highest (+3%) at the steepest grade (+10°) and fastest speed (4.17 m·s−1) when compared to level running (LR) at the same speed. Significant interaction was also observed for ground reaction forces (all P ≤ .047). Peak ground reaction forces in the normal direction increased with running speed during downhill running (DR) only (+9% at −10° and 4.17 m·s−1). Impulse in the normal direction decreased at fastest speed and steepest DR (−9%) and uphill running (UR) (−17%) grades. Average normal loading rate increased and decreased at fastest speed and steepest DR (+52%) and UR (−28%) grades, respectively. Negative parallel impulse increased and decreased at fastest speed and steepest DR (+166%) and UR (−90%), respectively. Positive parallel impulse decreased and increased at fastest speed and steepest DR (−75%) and UR (+111%), respectively. EMG showed comparable u‐shaped curves across the grades investigated, although only a change in vastus lateralis and tibilias anterior activity was detectable at the steepest grades and fastest speed. Overall, running grade and speed significantly influences spatiotemporal parameters, ground reaction forces, and muscle activations.
Detection of HLA‐B*48:50 in a Chinese individual
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wang Jiying , Li Qinghua , Wei Hui , Wang Xiaojing
Published: May 2020

HLA‐B*48:50 differs from HLA‐B*48:01:01 (467C‐>A, S132Y).
Ecthyma gangrenosum without bacteremia in a 54‐year‐old woman with heart transplant
Authors: Hamed Almutasem , Niehaus Angela G. , Bosshardt Hughes Olivia , Jakharia Niyati
Published: May 2020

Ecthyma gangrenosum is a cutaneous manifestation of severe systemic pseudomonas infection and is commonly associated with bacteremia. It is common in immunocompromised patients with underlying neutropenia or leukopenia. We report a patient with heart transplant who developed a single lesion of ecthyma gangrenosum in the absence of bacteremia with a review of reported cases in solid organ transplant patients.
Real-time observations of the impact of COVID-19 on underwater noise
Authors: Thomson Dugald J. M. , Barclay David R.
Published: May 2020

A slowdown in global trade activity due to COVID-19 has led to a reduction in commercial shipping traffic into the Port of Vancouver. The Ocean Networks Canada observatory system provides researchers real-time access to oceanographic data from a wide range of instruments including hydrophones located along the offshore and inshore approaches to Vancouver. Measurements of power spectral density at 100 Hz from four of these bottom mounted hydrophones are presented, along with AIS data and shipping and trade statistics to assess to what extent the economic impact of COVID-19 can be observed acoustically and in near real-time. The quarterly trend in median weekly noise power in the shipping band of frequencies shows that a reduction in noise commensurate with the economic slowdown has been observed at three of the four hydrophone stations.
Effects of the Mat Pilates Method on Body Composition: Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cavina Allysiê Priscilla de Souza , Pizzo Junior Eduardo , Machado Aryane Flauzino , Biral Taíse Mendes , Lemos Leonardo Kesrouani , Rodrigues Caio Russo Dutra , Pastre Carlos Marcelo , Vanderlei Franciele Marques
Published: May 2020

Background: The objective of this systematic review was to determine the efficacy of the mat Pilates method on body composition in healthy adult subjects compared with traditional exercise or control condition models.Design: Systematic review with meta-analysis.Data sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, PEDro, SciELO, CINAHAL, and the Cochrane Library.Results: A total of 10 eligible studies were selected for revision. The findings of this review demonstrated that the mat Pilates method was not more effective than the traditional exercise or control condition models for the analyzed variables (body mass index, lean mass, body fat percentage, and abdominal circumference). Moreover, in the exploratory analysis with older people, adults, and overweight/obese individuals, the mat Pilates method was also not superior for the analyzed outcomes.Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the mat Pilates method is no better than the control condition or other types of training to reduce body composition.
Are Exercise Referral Schemes Associated With an Increase in Physical Activity? Observational Findings Using Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis From the National Referral Database
Authors: Rowley Nikita , Steele James , Wade Matthew , Copeland Robert James , Mann Steve , Liguori Gary , Horton Elizabeth , Jimenez Alfonso
Published: May 2020

Objectives: To examine if exercise referral schemes (ERSs) are associated with meaningful changes in physical activity in a large cohort of individuals throughout England, Scotland, and Wales from The National Referral Database.Methods: Data were obtained from 5246 participants from 12 different ERSs, lasting 6–12 weeks. The preexercise referral scheme and changes from the preexercise to the postexercise referral scheme in self-reported International Physical Activity Questionnaire scores were examined. A 2-stage individual patient data meta-analysis was used to generate the effect estimates.Results: For the pre-ERS metabolic equivalent (MET) minutes per week, the estimate (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 676 MET minutes per week (539 to 812). For the change in MET minutes per week, the estimate (95% CI) was an increase of 540 MET minutes per week (396 to 684). Changes in the total PA levels occurred as a result of increases in vigorous activity of 17 minutes (95% CI, 9 to 24), increases in moderate activity of 29 minutes (95% CI, 22 to 36), and reductions in sitting of −61 minutes (95% CI, −78 to −43), though little change in walking (−5 min; 95% CI, −14 to 5) was found.Conclusions: Most participants undergoing ERSs are already “moderately active.” Changes in PA behavior associated with participation are through increased moderate to vigorous PA and reduced sitting. However, this was insufficient to change the International Physical Activity Questionnaire category, and the participants were still “moderately active.”
Running Through Travel Career Progression: Social Worlds and Active Sport Tourism
Authors: Aicher Thomas J. , Buning Richard J. , Newland Brianna L.
Published: May 2020

Using social worlds as a framework, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between event travel career progression with travel behavior and related intentions. As such, this study has depicted the evolving behaviors and preferences of active sport tourists in an effort to improve the localized impact of events. Using previous research on social worlds and active sport event travel careers, the authors have hypothesized that differences in social worlds immersion would be present based on event participation, travel party conditions, flow-on tourism activities, and repeat/revisit intentions, as well as differences in flow-on tourism activities based on travel conditions. In partnership with a large running festival in the Midwest United States, data were collected and analyzed to test these hypotheses (N = 2,219). The results indicated support for the hypotheses previously outlined. Theoretical contributions to the study of active sport tourism and practical implications for the management of events and destinations are discussed.
Insights into the
l
,
d
-Transpeptidases and
d
,
d
-Carboxypeptidase of Mycobacterium abscessus: Ceftaroline, Imipenem, and Novel Diazabicyclooctane Inhibitors
Authors: Dousa Khalid M. , Kurz Sebastian G. , Taracila Magdalena A. , Bonfield Tracey , Bethel Christopher R. , Barnes Melissa D. , Selvaraju Suresh , Abdelhamed Ayman M. , Kreiswirth Barry N. , Boom W. Henry , Kasperbauer Shannon H. , Daley Charles L. , Bonomo Robert A.
Published: May 2020

Mycobacterium abscessus
is a highly drug-resistant nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM). Efforts to discover new treatments for
M. abscessus
infections are accelerating, with a focus on cell wall synthesis proteins (
M. abscessus
l
,
d
-transpeptidases 1 to 5 [Ldt
Mab1
to Ldt
Mab5
] and
d
,
d
-carboxypeptidase) that are targeted by β-lactam antibiotics.
Genome-Resolved Metagenomics and Detailed Geochemical Speciation Analyses Yield New Insights into Microbial Mercury Cycling in Geothermal Springs
Authors: Gionfriddo Caitlin M. , Stott Matthew B. , Power Jean F. , Ogorek Jacob M. , Krabbenhoft David P. , Wick Ryan , Holt Kathryn , Chen Lin-Xing , Thomas Brian C. , Banfield Jillian F. , Moreau John W.
Published: May 2020

Little is currently known about biogeochemical mercury cycling in geothermal systems. The manuscript presents a new conceptual model, supported by genome-resolved metagenomic analysis and detailed geochemical measurements. The model illustrates environmental factors that influence mercury cycling in acidic springs, including transitions between solid (mineral) and aqueous phases of mercury, as well as the interconnections among mercury, sulfur, and iron cycles. This work provides a framework for studying natural geothermal mercury emissions globally. Specifically, our findings have implications for mercury speciation in wastewaters from geothermal power plants and the potential environmental impacts of microbially and abiotically formed mercury species, particularly where they are mobilized in spring waters that mix with surface or groundwaters. Furthermore, in the context of thermophilic origins for microbial mercury volatilization, this report yields new insights into how such processes may have evolved alongside microbial mercury methylation/demethylation and the environmental constraints imposed by the geochemistry and mineralogy of geothermal systems.
Antimicrobial Resistance in ESKAPE Pathogens
Authors: De Oliveira David M. P. , Forde Brian M. , Kidd Timothy J. , Harris Patrick N. A. , Schembri Mark A. , Beatson Scott A. , Paterson David L. , Walker Mark J.
Published: May 2020

Antimicrobial-resistant ESKAPE (

E
nterococcus faecium

,

S
taphylococcus aureus

,

K
lebsiella pneumoniae

,

A
cinetobacter baumannii

,

P
seudomonas aeruginosa

, and

E
nterobacter

species) pathogens represent a global threat to human health. The acquisition of antimicrobial resistance genes by ESKAPE pathogens has reduced the treatment options for serious infections, increased the burden of disease, and increased death rates due to treatment failure and requires a coordinated global response for antimicrobial resistance surveillance.
CD4 Deficiency Causes Poliomyelitis and Axonal Blebbing in Murine Coronavirus-Induced Neuroinflammation
Authors: Chakravarty Debanjana , Saadi Fareeha , Kundu Soumya , Bose Abhishek , Khan Reas , Dine Kimberly , Kenyon Lawrence C. , Shindler Kenneth S. , Das Sarma Jayasri
Published: May 2020

The current trend in CNS disease biology is to attempt to understand the neural-cell–immune interaction to investigate the underlying mechanism of neuroinflammation, rather than focusing on peripheral immune activation. Most studies in MS are targeted toward understanding the involvement of CNS white matter. However, the importance of gray matter damage has become critical in understanding the long-term progressive neurological disorder. Our study highlights the importance of CD4
+
T cells in safeguarding neurons against axonal blebbing and poliomyelitis from murine betacoronavirus-induced neuroinflammation. Current knowledge of the mechanisms that lead to gray matter damage in MS is limited, because the most widely used animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), does not present this aspect of the disease. Our results, therefore, add to the existing limited knowledge in the field. We also show that the microglia, though important for the initiation of neuroinflammation, cannot establish a protective host immune response without the help of CD4
+
T cells.
Gene Expression: the Key to Understanding HIV-1 Infection?
Authors: Judge Melinda , Parker Erica , Naniche Denise , Le Souëf Peter
Published: May 2020

Gene expression profiling of the host response to HIV infection has promised to fill the gaps in our knowledge and provide new insights toward vaccine and cure. However, despite 20 years of research, the biggest questions remained unanswered. A literature review identified 62 studies examining gene expression dysregulation in samples from individuals living with HIV. Changes in gene expression were dependent on cell/tissue type, stage of infection, viremia, and treatment status. Some cell types, notably CD4
+
T cells, exhibit upregulation of cell cycle, interferon-related, and apoptosis genes consistent with depletion.
Modulation of zircon solubility by crystal–melt dynamics
Authors: Szymanowski Dawid , Forni Francesca , Wolff John A. , Ellis Ben S.
Published: May 2020

Zircon dating is commonly used to quantify timescales of magmatic processes, but our appreciation of the consequences of internal magma body dynamics lags behind ever-increasing analytical capabilities. In particular, it has been shown that crystal accumulation and melting of cumulates by recharge-delivered heat may affect melt chemistry within magma bodies. We considered the effect of such processes on zircon solubility in highly evolved silicate melts of diverse chemical affinities. Our modeling shows that in most cases cumulate melting perpetuates the zircon saturation behavior of the first melts emplaced at shallow storage levels. Once cumulate melting is established, the ease of saturating in zircon is controlled by cumulate mineralogy, with a particular effect of the amount of cumulate zircon and its availability for resorption. The fidelity of zircon as a recorder of magma system history thus depends on both the system’s chemical affinity and mineralogy, and the history itself.
Appropriateness of emergency care use: a retrospective observational study based on professional versus patients’ perspectives in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Chih-Yuan , Lee Yue-Chune
Published: May 2020

Objective

The objectives of this study are to refine the measurement of appropriate emergency department (ED) use and to provide a natural observation of appropriate ED use rates based on professional versus patient perspectives.

Setting

Taiwan has a population of 23 million, with one single-payer universal health insurance scheme. Taiwan has no limitations on ED use, and a low barrier to ED use may be a surrogate for natural observation of users’ perspectives in ED use.

Participants

In 7 years, there were 1 835 860 ED visits from one million random samples of the National Health Insurance Database.

Measures

Appropriate ED use was determined according to professional standards, measured by the modified Billings New York University Emergency Department (NYU-ED) algorithm, and further analysed after the addition of prudent patient standards, measured by explicit process-based and outcome-based criteria.

Statistical analyses

The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to reflect the performance of appropriate ED use measures, and sensitivity analyses were conducted using different thresholds to determine the appropriateness of ED use. The generalised estimating equation model was used to measure the associations between appropriate ED use based on process and outcome criteria and covariates including sex, age, occupation, health status, place of residence, medical resources area, date and income level.

Results

Appropriate ED use based on professional criteria was 33.5%, which increased to 63.1% when patient criteria were added. The AUC, which combines both professional and patient criteria, was high (0.85).

Conclusions

The appropriate ED use rate nearly doubled when patient criteria were added to professional criteria. Explicit process-based and outcome-based criteria may be used as a supplementary measure to the implicit modified Billings NYU-ED algorithm when determining appropriate ED use.
Are monitoring instructions provided in direct healthcare professional communications (DHPCs) of sufficient quality? A retrospective analysis of DHPCs sent out between 2007 and 2018
Authors: Højer Maja-Marie Grønfeldt , De Bruin Marie Louise , Boskovic Arnela , Hallgreen Christine Erikstrup
Published: May 2020

Objective

To assess whether direct to healthcare professional communications (DHPCs) are of sufficient quality to be applicable in clinical practice and study how the quality differs according to safety concerns and type of monitoring.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

DHPCs containing monitoring instructions were identified among all DHPC issued in Denmark between 2007 and 2018.

Intervention

Quality of information of monitoring instructions was assessed according to the Systematic Information for Monitoring (SIM) score. Associations between different characteristics of instructions and the SIM score were compared with analysis of variance and the post hoc test Tukey’s honestly significant difference if significant.

Results

In total, 297 DHPCs were issued, of which 97 contained 134 monitoring instructions. For 95% of these DHPCs the European Medicines Agency was involved. The average SIM score was 2.6±1.6 (ranging 0–6) and only 47% were considered of sufficient quality (SIM score ≥3). In addition, even fewer (11%) instructions were considered a ‘adequate instruction’ which also reported about facts and risks. Differences between quality of information according to type of monitoring were observed, specifically between clinical monitoring (average SIM score 1.9) and biomarker monitoring (physical average SIM score 2.9, p=0.029 and laboratory average SIM score 3.4, p<0.0001).

Conclusions

Monitoring instructions were found not to be of sufficient quality to be applicable in clinical practice according to the SIM score. Our study concludes the need for further research and regulatory steps to ensure improve quality of information in safety communications.
Codesigning discharge communication interventions with healthcare providers, youth and parents for emergency practice settings: EDUCATE study protocol
Authors: Curran Janet A , Cassidy Christine , Bishop Andrea , Wozney Lori , Plint Amy C , Ritchie Krista , Straus Sharon E , Wong Helen , Newton Amanda , Jabbour Mona , MacPhee Shannon , Breneol Sydney , Burns Emma , Chorney Jill , Lawton Jennifer , Doyle Melanie , MacKay Rebecca , Zemek Roger , Penney Tanya , Grimshaw Jeremy
Published: May 2020

Introduction

Discharge communication is an important aspect of patient care but frequently has shortcomings in emergency departments (EDs). In a paediatric context, youth or parents with young children often leave the ED with minimal opportunity to ask questions or to ensure comprehension of important information. Strategies for improving discharge communication have primarily targeted patients and/or parents, although neither group has been engaged in intervention design or implementation. Furthermore, ED healthcare providers (HCPs), important actors in discharge communication practice, are rarely consulted regarding intervention design decisions. We will generate evidence to enhance discharge communication by engaging youth, parents and HCPs in the codesign of ED discharge communication strategies (EDUCATE) for asthma and minor head injury.

Methods and analysis

This mixed methods study will take place at two academic paediatric EDs in Canada. The study will occur in two phases: (A) codesign and refinement of the intervention prototypes; and (B) usability testing of the prototypes. During the first phase, two codesign teams (one for each condition) will follow a series of structured design meetings based on the Behavior Change Wheel to develop the EDUCATE interventions. Each codesign team (composed of youth, parents, HCPs and study researchers) will collaborate to identify priority target behaviours and acceptable components to include in the interventions. During the second phase, we will conduct usability testing in two EDs with a group of youth, parents and HCPs to refine the interventions. Two cycles of usability testing will be conducted with intervention refinement occurring at the end of each cycle.

Ethics and dissemination

Informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Ethics approval for this study has been obtained from the Research Ethics Board, IWK Health Centre. Results from this study will form the basis of a future effectiveness implementation trial. Key findings will be presented at national and international conferences and published within peer-reviewed journals.
Downwards force–displacement response of buried pipelines during dip–slip faulting in sandy soil
Authors: Tohidifar Hamid , Jafari Mohammad Kazem , Moosavi Mojtaba
Published: May 2020

In the numerical analysis of underground pipelines against dip-slip faulting, it is common practice to model the problem as a beam surrounded by soil-equivalent nonlinear springs. Previous studies have recognised the importance of the vertical bearing soil springs (VBSS) in the modelling of pipe–fault interaction. Nevertheless, prior studies on VBSS are limited. This study presents an analytical framework for determining a hyperbolic force–displacement (P–y) curve for VBSS in dry sand. This hyperbolic criterion was established based on the ultimate bearing resistance (UBR) of pipe and the elastic subgrade modulus of the soil. Different mechanisms such as flow, arching, bearing, and friction, and various parameters like soil compressibility, pipe–soil relative stiffness, and soil elastic properties have been used in the determination of these two parameters. The P–y curves were verified and calibrated with experimental data. More reliable curves have been obtained compared to the existing methods. A numerical study was also performed to compare the current study with a pipeline seismic design guideline. The results of the current study method are in good agreement with sample experimental data compared to the seismic guideline.
It takes three to tango: the importance of microbes, host plant, and soil management to elucidate manipulation strategies for the plant microbiome
Authors: Tosi Micaela , Mitter Eduardo Kovalski , Gaiero Jonathan , Dunfield Kari
Published: May 2020

The world’s population is expected to grow to almost 10 billion by 2050, placing unprecedented demands on agriculture and natural resources. The risk in food security is also aggravated by climate change and land degradation, which compromise agricultural productivity. In recent years, our understanding of the role of microbial communities on ecosystem functioning, including plant-associated microbes, has advanced considerably. Yet, translating this knowledge into practical agricultural technologies is challenged by the intrinsic complexity of agroecosystems. Here, we review current strategies for plant microbiome manipulation, classifying them into three main pillars: (i) introducing and engineering microbiomes, (ii) breeding and engineering the host plant, and (iii) selecting agricultural practices that enhance resident soil and plant-associated microbial communities. In each of these areas, we analyze current trends in research, as well as research priorities and future perspectives.
Structural analysis of the lipopolysaccharide O-antigen from Fusobacterium nucleatum strain CC 7/3 JVN3 C1 and development of a mouse monoclonal antibody specific to the O-antigen
Authors: Cairns Chantelle M. , St. Michael Frank , Fleming Perry , Vinogradov Evgeny V. , Cox Andrew D.
Published: May 2020

Fusobacterium nucleatum is becoming increasingly recognised as an emerging pathogen, gaining attention as a potential factor for exacerbating colorectal cancer and is strongly linked with pregnancy complications including pre-term and still births. Little is known about the virulence factors of this organism; thus, we have initiated studies to examine the bacterium’s surface glycochemistry. In an effort to characterise the surface carbohydrates of F. nucleatum, the aims of this study were to investigate the structure of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-antigen of the cancer-associated isolate F. nucleatum strain CC 7/3 JVN3 C1 (hereafter C1) and to develop monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to the LPS O-antigen that may be beneficial to the growing field of F. nucleatum research. In this study, we combined several technologies, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, to elucidate the structure of the LPS O-antigen repeat unit as -[-4-β-Gal-3-α-FucNAc4N-4-α-NeuNAc-]-. We have previously identified this structure as the LPS O-antigen repeat unit from strain 10953. In this present study, we developed a mAb to the C1 LPS O-antigen and confirmed the mAbs cross-reactivity to the 10953 strain, thus confirming the structural identity.
Erratum to: A new evaluation of the hadronic vacuum polarisation contributions to the muon anomalous magnetic moment and to $$\alpha (m^{2}_{Z})$$
Authors: Davier M. , Hoecker A. , Malaescu B. , Zhang Z.
Published: May 2020

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake.
Testing Ghasemi-Nodehi–Bambi spacetime with continuum-fitting method
Authors: Ghasemi-Nodehi M.
Published: May 2020

The continuum-fitting method is the analysis of the thermal spectrum of the geometrically thin and optically thick accretion disk around stellar-mass black holes. A parametrization aiming to test the Kerr nature of astrophysical black holes was proposed in Ghasemi-Nodehi and Bambi in EPJC 76:290, 2016. The metric contains 11 parameters in addition to the mass and spin parameters. One can recover the Kerr case by setting all parameters to one. In this paper, I study the continuum-fitting method in a Ghasemi-Nodehi–Bambi background. I show the impact of each of the parameters on the spectra. I then employ $$\chi ^2$$χ2 studies and show that using the continuum-fitting method all parameters of Ghasemi-Nodehi–Bambi spacetime are degenerate. However, the parameter $$b_9$$b9 can be constrained in the case of a high spin value and the Ghasemi-Nodehi–Bambi black hole as reference. This degeneracy means that the spectra of the Kerr case cannot be distinguished from spectra produced in Ghasemi-Nodehi–Bambi spacetime. This is a problem as regards measuring the spin of astrophysical black holes and constrain possible deviations from the Kerr case of General Relativity.
A universal framework for t-channel dark matter models
Authors: Arina Chiara , Fuks Benjamin , Mantani Luca
Published: May 2020

We present the model implementation in FeynRules, which aims to offer a unique general framework allowing for all simulations relevant for simplified t-channel dark matter models at colliders and for the complementary cosmology calculations. We describe how to match next-to-leading-order QCD fixed-order calculations with parton showers to derive robust bounds and predictions in the context of LHC dark matter searches, and moreover validate two model restrictions (relevant for Dirac and Majorana fermionic dark matter respectively) to exemplify how to evaluate dark matter observables to constrain the model parameter space. More importantly, we emphasise how to achieve these results by using a combination of publicly available automated tools, and discuss how dark matter predictions are sensitive to the model file and software setup. All files, together with illustrative Mathematica notebooks, are available from the URL http://feynrules.irmp.ucl.ac.be/wiki/DMsimpt.
Scaling solutions in quintessential inflation
Authors: Haro Jaume , Amorós Jaume , Pan Supriya
Published: May 2020

In quintessence scalar field theories, the presence of scaling solutions are important during the radiation and matter epoch due to having their attractor character. Usually, it is assumed that the initial conditions of the quintessence field are in the basin of attraction of the scaling solutions. However, in order to reproduce the current cosmic acceleration, at late times, a mechanism to exit this behavior is needed. In the present work we show that the quintessential inflation models could be an excellent candidate to exhibit the above behavior. However, the crucial point of quintessential inflation is that the initial conditions has to be taken during the inflation, and at the beginning of the radiation era, the scalar field does not belong to the basin of attraction of the scaling solution. This means that, in the case where quintessence is depicted via exponential potentials, only a single exponential in the tail of the quintessential inflation potential is enough to depict the evolution of our universe.
Testing the origin of the “$$f_1(1420)$$” with the $${\bar{K}} p \rightarrow \Lambda (\Sigma ) K{\bar{K}} \pi $$ reaction
Authors: Liang Wei-Hong , Oset E.
Published: May 2020

We study the $${\bar{K}} p \rightarrow Y K{\bar{K}} \pi $$

K

¯

p
→
Y
K

K

¯

π

reactions with $${\bar{K}} = {\bar{K}}^0, K^-$$

K

¯

=

K

¯

0

,

K
-

and $$Y=\Sigma ^0, \Sigma ^+, \Lambda $$

Y
=

Σ
0

,

Σ
+

,
Λ

, in the region of $$K{\bar{K}} \pi $$

K

K

¯

π

invariant masses of $$1200-1550$$

1200
-
1550

MeV. The strong coupling of the $$f_1(1285)$$

f
1

(
1285
)

resonance to $$K^* {\bar{K}}$$

K
∗

K

¯

makes the mechanism based on $$K^*$$

K
∗

exchange very efficient to produce this resonance observed in the $$K{\bar{K}} \pi $$

K

K

¯

π

invariant mass distribution. In addition, in all these reactions one observes an associated peak at 1420 MeV which comes from the $$K^* {\bar{K}}$$

K
∗

K

¯

decay mode of the $$f_1(1285)$$

f
1

(
1285
)

when the $$K^*$$

K
∗

is placed on shell at higher invariant masses. We call the attention to the possibility that the peaks observed in other reactions where the “$$f_1(1420)$$

f
1

(
1420
)

” is observed have a similar origin.
Meson–baryon scattering in resummed baryon chiral perturbation theory using time-ordered perturbation theory
Authors: Ren X.-L. , Epelbaum E. , Gegelia J. , Meißner Ulf-G.
Published: May 2020

Integral equations for meson–baryon scattering amplitudes are obtained by utilizing time-ordered perturbation theory for a manifestly Lorentz-invariant formulation of baryon chiral perturbation theory. Effective potentials are defined as sums of two-particle irreducible contributions of time-ordered diagrams and the scattering amplitudes are obtained as solutions of integral equations. Ultraviolet renormalizability is achieved by solving integral equations for the leading order amplitude and including higher order corrections perturbatively. As an application of the developed formalism, pion-nucleon scattering is considered.
A rumor control competition model considering intervention of the official rumor-refuting information
Authors: Zhang Yi , Xu Jiuping , Wu Yue
Published: May 2020

To avoid social and economic losses, governments need to control rumor propagation by releasing official rumor-refuting information (ORI) to dispel the rumors. Therefore, understanding the complex competition mechanism between ORI and rumors is key to successfully refuting rumors. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the function of ORI in suppressing and quashing rumors. First, the influencing factors were determined from which a competition model was constructed and the quenched mean-field method employed to determine the rumor outbreak threshold. It was found that public cognition could affect the rumor threshold and lead to rumor depletion, which was confirmed in a model simulation. The simulation results also indicated that government credibility and the release time of ORI played a critical role in controlling rumors. Specifically, it was found that when government credibility was high, the ORI release was able to quash the rumor spread. And it is shown that the government should release the ORI as soon as possible, and ensure the continuous dissemination of ORI to dispel rumors effectively.
Crossover-Based Improved Sine Cosine Algorithm for Multimedia Content Distribution in Cloud Environment
Authors: Krishna Priya R. , Deepalakshmi R. , Saravana Selvam N.
Published: May 2020

Widespread growth of multimedia content distribution can increase the cost and time of the content distribution. The multimedia services are stored by the service provider and the user is provided based on their demand. Basically, the network user number increases quickly, and the response time for huge numbers of users also increases rapidly. Therefore, the need of service cannot be reached. Initially, we solicited notable extraction technique to collect the interest features of user. The adjacent region and similar service interests of users are divided into service user and nonservice user. Therefore, the coherent utility value is suggested to the user evaluation procedure, so the combination of different users experience character is needed to calculate the integrated utility value. Hence, the users experience characteristics are derived by presentation of physical user, behavior of selfish user and character of the user. Consequently, we minimized the content distribution cost and time with crossover-based sine cosine algorithm (CSCA). The proposed CSCA was established for the selection of user service number. The experimental results of proposed method can decrease the multimedia user cost and improve the performance of multimedia content.
A New Sub-1 Volt 17ppm/°C Offset-Insensitive Resistorless Switched-capacitor Bandgap Voltage Reference
Authors: Ebrahimi Emad , Arabnasery Maliheh
Published: May 2020

A new PVT compensated voltage reference is presented by using switched-capacitor (S.C.) technique. In the proposed bandgap voltage reference (BGR), a p–n junction is biased with different currents during two different phases and required PTAT and CTAT voltages generated and held by two capacitors. Using a capacitive voltage divider, the PTAT voltage is weighted such that the sub-1V bandgap voltage is achievable. In order to cancel the effect of op-amp offset and to relax the design of op-amp, the offset voltage of the op-amp is sampled by a capacitor during a specified phase and inversely is added to the final bandgap voltage in next phase. The analysis of the proposed S.C. BGR is supplemented by simulation of a 0.5-V BGR with 28[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]W power consumption in a standard 0.18[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m CMOS technology. Simulation results show that the average temperature coefficient of the S.C. BGR is 17[Formula: see text]ppm/∘C and it is robust against the process variations. Applying an arbitrary 100-mV op-amp offset results in a lower than 1.1[Formula: see text]mV deviation in generated reference voltage. Due to the better matching of MIM capacitors in CMOS process (rather than resistors used in conventional BGR) the proposed S.C. bandgap provides good accuracy without any post trimming. Monte–Carlo analysis shows that [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] of the generated reference voltage is as low as 0.7%. The sensitivity of the proposed BGR to supply variation is also less than 1%/V.