bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soil respiration during three cropping cycles of durum wheat under different tillage conditions in a Mediterranean environment
Authors: Ferrara Rossana Monica , Campi Pasquale , Muschitiello Cristina , Leogrande Rita , Vittorio Vonella Alessandro , Ventrella Domenico , Rana Gianfranco
Published: March 2022

This study analysed respiration from soil cultivated with wheat under a Mediterranean climate and submitted to two tillage treatments: no tillage (NT) and reduced tillage (RT). Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions were measured by static chambers in three growing seasons (2015–18) in the framework of a long‐term experiment of different tillage systems established in 2002. Tillage management remained the same throughout the trial, while chemical weed control was carried out in response to the actual weed content. Environmental variables were monitored, including the soil total organic carbon (TOC) content, water‐extractable organic carbon (WEOC), soil temperature and water content. Total CO2 emission, as mean of the studied seasons, did not significantly differ between NT and RT (2.35 and 2.24 t CO2‐C ha1 for NT and RT, respectively), although differences were found at the growth cycle scale. Total annual CO2 emission from NT was stable, being the same along the three cycles, while total RT CO2 emission decreased from the first to the third cycle. The TOC content was almost stable, while WEOC showed large variability that could explain the variability of CO2 emissions for RT over short time scales and was probably because of weed control in the middle of the second growing cycle. CO2 emissions were driven by soil water content via the impact on water filled pore space, and soil temperature range, that is daily maximum minus minimum temperature. In conclusion, for this winter wheat NT did not improve the balance of soil CO2 emissions with respect to RT.
Incidence and severity of short‐term incisional complications after intraoperative local infiltration of liposomal bupivacaine in dogs
Authors: Power Ashley M. , McKee Talon , Jordan Kara , Bergman Philip J. , Davis Kechia M.
Published: March 2022

Objective

To report the incidence of short‐term incisional complications in dogs receiving intraoperative local infiltration of liposomal bupivacaine.

Study design

Retrospective study.

Animals

Client‐owned dogs (n = 218).

Methods

Medical records were searched for dogs whose surgical site was infiltrated with liposomal bupivacaine. Records were reviewed for complications within 20 days postoperatively. Cases were categorized by: (1) surgical wound classification (clean, clean‐contaminated, contaminated); (2) labeled versus off‐label use in orthopedic surgery – stifle surgery to address cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) disease versus other orthopedic procedures; and (3) orthopedic versus soft‐tissue surgery.

Results

Complications were documented in 43/218 (19.7%) records, including 27/218 (12.4%) complications that resolved spontaneously or with topical treatment. The incidence of short‐term incisional complications did not differ between surgical wound classifications (P = 0.55) or between labeled versus off‐label use in orthopedic surgery (P = 0.21). Complications seemed more common after soft‐tissue procedures (32/123; 26.0%) than orthopedic procedures (11/95; 11.6%) (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

Surgical wound classification or type of orthopedic procedure did not seem to influence incisional complications of infiltrated surgical sites. Complications were more common after soft‐tissue procedures than orthopedic procedures.

Clinical significance

Infiltration of surgical sites with liposomal bupivacaine seems safe in a broader range of orthopedic procedures than currently labeled. The results also justify further investigation in soft‐tissue surgery.
The Structure of Inclined Choked Gas Jet
Authors: Srivastava S. , Sheridan A. M. , Henneke M. , Raza M. S. , Sallam K. A.
Published: March 2022

The injection of choked gaseous jets into the still air is investigated experimentally motivated by many industrial applications including flares and burners. The objective is to study the effect of injection angle on the jet mixing with ambient air. The experimental methods consist of particle image velocimetry (PIV) using pulsed Nd:YAG lasers of a choked gas jet, seeded with aluminum oxide particles, injected into the still air, seeded with water fog. The computational methods consisted of 7.7 × 106 cells simulation using starccm+. The test conditions include injection angles of 0 deg, 15 deg, and 30 deg. The results including mean and fluctuating velocities and the flow vorticity are presented. The flow field is not symmetric along the injection axis due to the asymmetric triggering of expansion fans. Moreover, the numerical simulation reveals the complex interaction mechanism of the expansion fans and shockwaves within the injection port.
Effect of substrate and substrate temperature on the deposition of MoS2 by radio frequency magnetron sputtering
Authors: Cicily Rigi Valiyaparambil J. , Jayaraj Madambi K. , Saji Kachirayil J.
Published: March 2022

Radio frequency magnetron sputtering is considered as one of the efficient methods to develop large area homogeneous 2D MoS2 on quartz substrates. The application of MoS2 in products, such as transistors, solar cells, photodetectors, chemical sensors, valleytronics, and spintronic devices demands the deposition on a wide variety of substrates. Here, we are examining whether a one step preparation method of sputtering of the molybdenum metal in a sulfur sufficient environment will provide a universal strategy to develop 2D MoS2 on any substrates. The dependence of the deposition on substrate temperature is also studied. On all of the substrates we used (quartz, c-plane sapphire, p-type silicon, and silicon dioxide), uniform coating of 2D MoS2 was confirmed with the presence of E12g and A1g, the Raman signature peaks. Both the Raman shift difference A1g–E12g and atomic force microscopy helped in determining the varying thicknesses of the samples. Hexalayer to bilayer MoS2 were formed when the substrate temperature was increased from 600 to 800 °C, confirming that a higher substrate temperature is needed for producing thinner samples. Absorbance spectra of the samples sputtered on quartz displayed the A, B and convoluted C and D excitonic peaks of 2H-MoS2. Only the samples prepared at higher substrate temperatures yielded a photoluminescence spectrum indicating the formation of trilayer and bilayer MoS2. Optical images and AFM measurements revealed a uniform coating over the entire substrate area. Thus, the one step method of simultaneous sputtering and evaporation proved to be a universal method for developing MoS2 thin films on any kind of substrates.
A generalized network based on multi-scale densely connection and residual attention for sound source localization and detection
Authors: Hu Ying , Sun Xinghao , He Liang , Huang Hao
Published: March 2022

Sound source localization and detection (SSLD) is a joint task of identifying the presence of individual sound events and locating the sound sources in space. However, due to the diversity of sound events and the variability of sound source location, SSLD becomes a tough task. In this paper, we propose a SSLD method based on a multi-scale densely connection (MDC) mechanism and a residual attention (RA) mechanism. We design a MDC block to integrate the information from a very local to exponentially enlarged receptive field within the block. We also explored three kinds of RA blocks that can facilitate the conductivity of information flow among different layers by continuously adding feature maps from the previous layers to the next layer. In order to recalibrate the feature maps after convolutional operation, we design a dual-path attention (DPA) unit that is largely embodied in MDC and RA blocks. We firstly verified the effectiveness of the MDC block, RA block, and DPA unit, respectively. We then compared our proposed method with another four methods on the development dataset; finally, with SELDnet and SELD-TCN on another five datasets, experimental results show the generalization of our proposed method.
Psychoacoustic modelling of rotor noise
Authors: Torija Antonio J. , Li Zhengguang , Chaitanya Paruchuri
Published: March 2022

The aviation sector is rapidly evolving with more electric propulsion systems and a variety of new technologies of vertical take-off and landing manned and unmanned aerial vehicles. Community noise impact is one of the main barriers for the wider adoption of these new vehicles. Within the framework of a perception-driven engineering approach, this paper investigates the relationship between sound quality and first order physical parameters in rotor systems to aid design. Three case studies are considered: (i) contra-rotating versus single rotor systems, (ii) varying blade diameter and thrust in both contra-rotating and single rotor systems, and (iii) varying rotor–rotor axial spacing in contra-rotating systems. The outcomes of a listening experiment, where participants assessed a series of sound stimuli with varying design parameters, allow a better understanding of the annoyance induced by rotor noise. Further to this, a psychoacoustic annoyance model optimised for rotor noise has been formulated. The model includes a novel psychoacoustic function to account for the perceptual effect of impulsiveness. The significance of the proposed model lies in the quantification of the effects of psychoacoustic factors, such as loudness as the dominant factor, and also tonality, high frequency content, temporal fluctuations, and impulsiveness on rotor noise annoyance.
The biodiversity and ecosystem service contributions and trade-offs of forest restoration approaches
Authors: Hua Fangyuan , Bruijnzeel L. Adrian , Meli Paula , Martin Philip A. , Zhang Jun , Nakagawa Shinichi , Miao Xinran , Wang Weiyi , McEvoy Christopher , Peña-Arancibia Jorge Luis , Brancalion Pedro H. S. , Smith Pete , Edwards David P. , Balmford Andrew
Published: March 2022

Forest restoration is being scaled up globally to deliver critical ecosystem services and biodiversity benefits; however, there is a lack of rigorous comparison of cobenefit delivery across different restoration approaches. Through global synthesis, we used 25,950 matched data pairs from 264 studies in 53 countries to assess how delivery of climate, soil, water, and wood production services, in addition to biodiversity, compares across a range of tree plantations and native forests. Benefits of aboveground carbon storage, water provisioning, and especially soil erosion control and biodiversity are better delivered by native forests, with compositionally simpler, younger plantations in drier regions performing particularly poorly. However, plantations exhibit an advantage in wood production. These results underscore important trade-offs among environmental and production goals that policy-makers must navigate in meeting forest restoration commitments.
Fueling the fire of adipose thermogenesis
Authors: Wolfrum Christian , Gerhart-Hines Zachary
Published: March 2022

Specialized fat tissue generates heat and holds the potential to counter metabolic diseases
Compartment-specific tuning of dendritic feature selectivity by intracellular Ca
2+
release
Authors: O’Hare Justin K. , Gonzalez Kevin C. , Herrlinger Stephanie A. , Hirabayashi Yusuke , Hewitt Victoria L. , Blockus Heike , Szoboszlay Miklos , Rolotti Sebi V. , Geiller Tristan C. , Negrean Adrian , Chelur Vikas , Polleux Franck , Losonczy Attila
Published: March 2022

Dendritic calcium signaling is central to neural plasticity mechanisms that allow animals to adapt to the environment. Intracellular calcium release (ICR) from the endoplasmic reticulum has long been thought to shape these mechanisms. However, ICR has not been investigated in mammalian neurons in vivo. We combined electroporation of single CA1 pyramidal neurons, simultaneous imaging of dendritic and somatic activity during spatial navigation, optogenetic place field induction, and acute genetic augmentation of ICR cytosolic impact to reveal that ICR supports the establishment of dendritic feature selectivity and shapes integrative properties determining output-level receptive fields. This role for ICR was more prominent in apical than in basal dendrites. Thus, ICR cooperates with circuit-level architecture in vivo to promote the emergence of behaviorally relevant plasticity in a compartment-specific manner.
The histone H3.1 variant regulates TONSOKU-mediated DNA repair during replication
Authors: Davarinejad Hossein , Huang Yi-Chun , Mermaz Benoit , LeBlanc Chantal , Poulet Axel , Thomson Geoffrey , Joly Valentin , Muñoz Marcelo , Arvanitis-Vigneault Alexis , Valsakumar Devisree , Villarino Gonzalo , Ross Alex , Rotstein Benjamin H. , Alarcon Emilio I. , Brunzelle Joseph S. , Voigt Philipp , Dong Jie , Couture Jean-François , Jacob Yannick
Published: March 2022

The tail of replication-dependent histone H3.1 varies from that of replication-independent H3.3 at the amino acid located at position 31 in plants and animals, but no function has been assigned to this residue to demonstrate a unique and conserved role for H3.1 during replication. We found that TONSOKU (TSK/TONSL), which rescues broken replication forks, specifically interacts with H3.1 via recognition of alanine 31 by its tetratricopeptide repeat domain. Our results indicate that genomic instability in the absence of ATXR5/ATXR6-catalyzed histone H3 lysine 27 monomethylation in plants depends on H3.1, TSK, and DNA polymerase theta (Pol θ). This work reveals an H3.1-specific function during replication and a common strategy used in multicellular eukaryotes for regulating post-replicative chromatin maturation and TSK, which relies on histone monomethyltransferases and reading of the H3.1 variant.
Particle Morphology of Medusavirus Inside and Outside the Cells Reveals a New Maturation Process of Giant Viruses
Authors: Watanabe Ryoto , Song Chihong , Kayama Yoko , Takemura Masaharu , Murata Kazuyoshi
Published: March 2022

Giant viruses exhibit diverse morphologies and maturation processes. In this study, medusavirus showed four types of particle morphologies, both inside and outside the infected cells, when propagated in amoeba culture.
Factors predicting 30-day mortality after ERCP in patients with inoperable malignant hilar biliary obstruction: a single tertiary referral centre experience and systematic review
Authors: On Wei , Saleem Muhammad A , Hegade Vinod S , Huggett Matthew T , Paranandi Bharat , Everett Simon M
Published: March 2022

Objective

There is a paucity of studies in the literature body evaluating short term outcomes following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with inoperable malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHBO). We aimed to primarily evaluate 30-day mortality in these patients and secondarily, conduct a systematic review of studies reporting 30-day mortality.

Design

We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients with inoperable MHBO who underwent ERCP at Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust between February 2015 and September 2020. Logistic regression models constructed from baseline patient data, the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) were evaluated as predictors of 30-day mortality.

Results

Eighty-seven patients (49 males) with a mean age of 70.4 years (SD ±12.3) were included. Cholangiocarcinoma was the most common aetiology of MHBO affecting 35/87 (40.2%). Technical success was achieved in 72/87 (82.8%). The 30-day mortality rate was 25.3% (22/87), of which 16 were due to progression of underlying malignant disease. On multivariate analysis, only leucocytosis (OR 4.12, 95% CI 2.70 to 7.41, p=0.02) was an independent predictor of 30-day mortality. Neither mGPS (p=0.47) nor CCI with a cut-off value of ≥7 (p=0.06) were significant predictors of 30-day mortality.

Conclusion

We demonstrated that 30-day mortality following ERCP for inoperable MHBO remains high despite technical success. Further studies are warranted to identify patients most appropriate for intervention.
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among undocumented migrants during the early phase of the vaccination campaign: a multicentric cross-sectional study
Authors: Page Kathleen R , Genovese Eleonora , Franchi Matteo , Cella Silvano , Fiorini Gianfrancesco , Tlili Rim , Salazar Sebastian , Duvoisin Aline , Cailhol Johann , Jackson Yves
Published: March 2022

Study objectives

The marginalisation of undocumented migrants raises concerns about equitable access to COVID-19 vaccination. This study aims to describe migrants’ hesitancy about the COVID-19 vaccination during the early phase of the vaccination campaign.

Setting

This multicentric cross-sectional survey was conducted in health facilities providing care to undocumented migrants in the USA, Switzerland, Italy and France in February–May 2021.

Participants

Eligibility criteria included age >16 years, being of foreign origin and living without valid residency permit in the country of recruitment. A convenience sample of minimum 100 patients per study site was targeted.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Data were collected using an anonymous structured questionnaire. The main outcomes were perceived access to the local COVID-19 vaccination programme and demand for vaccination.

Results

Altogether, 812 undocumented migrants participated (54.3% Geneva, 17.5% Baltimore, 15.5% Milano and 12.7% Paris). Most (60.9%) were women. The median age was 39 years (interquartile range 1). Participants originated from the Americas (55.9%), Africa (12.7%), Western Pacific (11.2%) Eastern Mediterranean (7.9%), Europe (7.6%) and South-East Asia (4.7%). Overall, 14.1% and 26.2% of participants, respectively, reported prior COVID-19 infection and fear of developing severe COVID-19 infection. Risk factors for severe infection were frequently reported (29.5%). Self-perceived accessibility of COVID-19 vaccination was high (86.4%), yet demand was low (41.1%) correlating with age, comorbidity and views on vaccination which were better for vaccination in general (77.3%) than vaccination against COVID-19 (56.5%). Participants mainly searched for information about vaccination in the traditional and social media.

Conclusions

We found a mismatch between perceived accessibility and demand for the COVID-19 vaccination. Public health interventions using different communication modes should build on trust about vaccination in general to tackle undocumented migrants’ hesitancy for COVID-19 vaccination with a specific attention to men, younger migrants and those at low clinical risk of severe infection.
Prognostic significance of heat shock protein 90AA1 (HSP90α) in invasive breast cancer
Authors: Alsaeed Sami A , Toss Michael , Alsaleem Mansour , Aleskandarany Mohammed , Joseph Chitra , Kurozumi Sasagu , Ball Graham , Mongan Nigel , Green Andrew , Rakha Emad
Published: March 2022

Aims

The mechanisms that drive breast cancer (BC) progression and poor outcome are not fully understood. The human heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 (HSP90α) encoded by theHSP90ΑA1gene has a vital role in cellular responses to stress and is implicated in the development and progression of many cancers. The current study aims to explore the clinical and prognostic importance of HSP90α in BC.

Methods

The Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (n=1980); The Cancer Genome Atlas (n=1097) and the Breast Cancer Gene-Expression Miner (Bc-GenExMiner) BC datasets (n=5056) were used to evaluateHSP90ΑA1mRNA expression. HSP90α protein expression was further assessed using immunohistochemistry in a large (n=911) well-characterised BC series. The association between mRNA and protein expressions with other clinicopathological parameters and outcome was analysed.

Results

High expression of HSP90ΑA1 both at the mRNA and protein levels was significantly associated with characteristics of BC poor prognosis, including high grade, lymphovascular invasion, poor Nottingham Prognostic Index and positive expression of p53 and PIK3CA. Outcome analysis revealed that high HSP90α protein expression is an independent predictor of shorter BC-specific survival.

Conclusion

HSP90α can be used as a potential prognostic marker in BC. Further mechanistic studies are warranted to determine the underlying molecular mechanisms mediated by HSP90α in BC.
In-situ Aptychus in
Cleviceras
from the Mulgrave Shale Member of the Whitby Mudstone Formation (Jurassic) of Port Mulgrave, Whitby
Authors: Maddra Richard
Published: March 2022

A specimen of the ammonoid
Cleviceras
(Hildoceratidae), collected at Port Mulgrave, near Whitby, North Yorkshire, shows an in-situ aptychus in the body chamber. The precise stratigraphic origin of the specimen is unknown, but the lithology and generic identity are compatible with derivation from the Mulgrave Shale Member of the Whitby Mudstone Formation. The specimen is the first in-situ jaw apparatus to be reported for this genus from Britain. A second loose specimen, a
Harpoceras sp.
with in-situ aptychus was found and photographed at Deepgrove Wyke, but was too friable to be collected. Both specimens reinforce previous observations that the aptychus form type
Cornaptychus
is characteristic of the ammonite family Hildoceratidae.
CARL: Compiler Assigned Reference Leasing
Authors: Ding Chen , Chen Dong , Liu Fangzhou , Reber Benjamin , Smith Wesley
Published: March 2022

Data movement is a common performance bottleneck, and its chief remedy is caching. Traditional cache management is transparent to the workload: data that should be kept in cache are determined by the recency information only, while the program information, i.e., future data reuses, is not communicated to the cache. This has changed in a new cache design named
Lease Cache
. The program control is passed to the lease cache by a compiler technique called Compiler Assigned Reference Lease (CARL). This technique collects the reuse interval distribution for each reference and uses it to compute and assign the lease value to each reference.

In this article, we prove that CARL is optimal under certain statistical assumptions. Based on this optimality, we prove miss curve convexity, which is useful for optimizing shared cache, and sub-partitioning monotonicity, which simplifies lease compilation. We evaluate the potential using scientific kernels from PolyBench and show that compiler insertions of up to 34 leases in program code achieve similar or better cache utilization (in variable size cache) than the optimal fixed-size caching policy, which has been unattainable with automatic caching but now within the potential of cache programming for all tested programs and most cache sizes.
Boosting Scene Graph Generation with Visual Relation Saliency
Authors: Zhang Yong , Pan Yingwei , Yao Ting , Huang Rui , Mei Tao , Chen Chang-Wen
Published: March 2022

The scene graph is a symbolic data structure that comprehensively describes the objects and visual relations in a visual scene, while ignoring the inherent perceptual saliency of each visual relation (i.e., relation saliency). However, humans often quickly allocate attention to important/salient visual relations in a scene. To align with such human perception of a scene, we explicitly model the perceptual saliency of visual relation in scene graph by upgrading each graph edge (i.e., visual relation) with an attribute of relation saliency. We present a new design, named as Saliency-guided Message Passing (SMP), that boosts the generation of such scene graph structure with the guidance from the visual relation saliency. Technically, an object interaction encoder is first utilized to strengthen object relation representations by jointly exploiting the appearance, semantic, and spatial relations in between. A branch is further leveraged to estimate the relation saliency of each visual relation by ordinal regression. Next, conditioned on the object and relation features (coupled with the estimated relation saliency), our SMP enhances scene graph generation by performing message passing over the objects and the most salient relations. Extensive experiments on VG-KR and VG150 datasets demonstrate the superiority of SMP for the scene graph generation. Moreover, we empirically validate the compelling generalizability of the learned scene graphs via SMP on downstream tasks like cross-model retrieval and image captioning.
A Faster Algorithm for Finding Tarski Fixed Points
Authors: Fearnley John , Pálvölgyi Dömötör , Savani Rahul
Published: March 2022

Dang et al. have given an algorithm that can find a Tarski fixed point in a
k
-dimensional lattice of width
n
using
O
(log

k

n
) queries [
2
]. Multiple authors have conjectured that this algorithm is optimal [
2
,
7
], and indeed this has been proven for two-dimensional instances [
7
]. We show that these conjectures are false in dimension three or higher by giving an
O
(log
2
n
) query algorithm for the three-dimensional Tarski problem. We also give a new decomposition theorem for
k
-dimensional Tarski problems which, in combination with our new algorithm for three dimensions, gives an
O
(log
2
⌈k/3⌉
n
) query algorithm for the
k
-dimensional problem.
A Learned Approach to Design Compressed Rank/Select Data Structures
Authors: Boffa Antonio , Ferragina Paolo , Vinciguerra Giorgio
Published: March 2022

We address the problem of designing, implementing, and experimenting with compressed data structures that support
rank
and
select
queries over a dictionary of integers. We shine a new light on this classical problem by showing a connection between the input integers and the geometry of a set of points in a Cartesian plane suitably derived from them. We then build upon some results in computational geometry to introduce the first compressed rank/select dictionary based on the idea of “learning” the distribution of such points via proper
linear approximations
(LA). We therefore call this novel data structure the
la_vector
.

We prove time and space complexities of the
la_vector
in several scenarios: in the worst case, in the case of input distributions with finite mean and variance, and taking into account the
k
th order entropy of some of its building blocks. We also discuss improved
hybrid
data structures, namely, ones that suitably orchestrate known compressed rank/select dictionaries with the
la_vector
.

We corroborate our theoretical results with a large set of experiments over datasets originating from a variety of applications (Web search, DNA sequencing, information retrieval, and natural language processing) and show that our approach provides new interesting space-time tradeoffs with respect to many well-established compressed rank/select dictionary implementations. In particular, we show that our
select
is the fastest, and our
rank
is on the space-time Pareto frontier.
Self-supervised Calorie-aware Heterogeneous Graph Networks for Food Recommendation
Authors: Song Yaguang , Yang Xiaoshan , Xu Changsheng
Published: March 2022

With the rapid development of online recipe sharing platforms, food recommendation is emerging as an important application. Although recent studies have made great progress on food recommendation, they have two shortcomings that are likely to affect the recommendation performance. (1) The relations between ingredients are not considered, which may lead to sub-optimal representations of recipes and further result in the neglect of the user’s personalized ingredient combination preference. (2) Existing methods do not consider the impact of users’ preferences on calories in users’ food decision-making process. In this article, we propose a Self-supervised Calorie-aware Heterogeneous Graph Network (SCHGN) to model the relations between ingredients and incorporate calories of food simultaneously. Specifically, we first incorporate users, recipes, ingredients, and calories into a heterogeneous graph and explicitly present the complex relations among them with directed edges. Then, we explore the co-occurrence relation of ingredients in different recipes via self-supervised ingredient prediction. To capture users’ dynamic preferences on calories of food, we learn calorie-aware user representations by hierarchical message passing and compute a comprehensive user-guided recipe representation by attention mechanism. The final food recommendation is accomplished based on the similarity between a user’s calorie-aware representation and the user-guided representation of a recipe. Extensive experiment results on benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Report on the 11th international workshop on location and the web (LocWeb 2021) and the 11th temporal web analytics workshop (TempWeb2021) at WWW2021
Authors: Ahlers Dirk , Wilde Erik , Spaniol Marc , Baeza-Yates Ricardo , Alonso Omar
Published: March 2022

LocWeb and TempWeb 2021 were the eleventh events in their workshop series and took place co-located on 12
th
April 2021 in conjunction with The Web Conference WWW 2021. They were intended to be held in Ljubljana, Slovenia as a potentially hybrid event, but due to the pandemic, were fully moved online.

LocWeb and TempWeb were held as one colocated session with a merged programme and shared topics to explore similarities and introduce attendees to the two related and complementary areas. LocWeb 2021 explored the intersection of location-based analytics and Web architecture with a focus on on Web-scale services and location-aware information access. TempWeb 2021 discussed temporal analytics at a Web scale with experts from science and industry.

Date
: 12 April, 2021.

Websites
: https://dhere.de/locweb/locweb2021 and http://temporalweb.net/.
Report on the SIGDial 2021 special session on summarization of dialogues and multi-party meetings (SummDial)
Authors: Ghosal Tirthankar , Singh Muskaan , Nedoluzhko Anja , Bojar Ondřej
Published: March 2022

The SummDial special session on summarization of dialogues and multi-party meetings was held virtually within the SIGDial 2021 conference on July 29, 2021. SummDial @ SIGDial 2021 aimed to bring together the speech, dialogue, and summarization communities to foster cross-pollination of ideas and fuel the discussions/collaborations to attempt this crucial and timely problem. When the pandemic has restricted most of our in-person interactions, the current scenario has forced people to go virtual, resulting in an information overload from frequent dialogues and meetings in the virtual environment. Summarization could help reduce the cognitive burden on the participants; however, multi-party speech summarization comes with its own set of challenges. The SummDial special session aimed to leverage the community intelligence to find effective solutions while also brainstorming the future of AI interventions in meetings and dialogues. We report the findings of the special session in this article. We organized the SummDial special session under the aegis of the EU-funded H2020 European Live Translator (ELITR) project.1

Date: 29 July, 2021.

Website: https://elitr.github.io/automatic-minuting/summdial.html.
Bayesian robust hankel matrix completion with uncertainty modeling for synchrophasor data recovery
Authors: Yi Ming , Wang Meng , Farantatos Evangelos , Barik Tapas
Published: March 2022

Synchrophasor data suffer from quality issues like missing and bad data. Exploiting the low-rankness of the Hankel matrix of the synchrophasor data, this paper formulates the data recovery problem as a robust low-rank Hankel matrix completion problem and proposes a Bayesian data recovery method that estimates the posterior distribution of synchrophasor data from partial observations. In contrast to the deterministic approaches, our proposed Bayesian method provides an uncertainty index to evaluate the confidence of each estimation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first method that provides confidence measure for synchrophasor data recovery. Numerical experiments on synthetic data and recorded synchrophasor data demonstrate that our method outperforms existing low-rank matrix completion methods.
Role of Potassium Tolyltriazole as an Inhibitor in H2O2-Based Slurry on Cu/Ru Patterned Wafer CMP
Authors: Tian Yuan , Zhou Jianwei , Wang Chenwei , Li Hongliang , Xu Chen , Li Yue , Liu Qixu
Published: March 2022

In the process of chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) during copper interconnection fabrication, the inhibitor in the copper slurry plays an important role in obtaining a good planar surface after CMP. In this paper, a kind of corrosion inhibitor TTAK was introduced in H2O2-based alkaline slurry. The experimental results show that the addition of TTAK can effectively reduce the removal rate (RR) and static corrosion rate (SER) of copper. With the increase of TTAK concentration, the passivation effect is enhanced. The passivation mechanism of TTAK was characterized by electrochemistry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that in the H2O2-Gly system (alkaline), TTAK can reduce the corrosion rate and removal rate of copper by absorbing on copper surface to form passivation film. On the contrary, it has no significant influence on Ru. In addition, the dishing and erosion of Ru/Cu structure based patterned wafers were further tested. The experimental results show that the introduction of TTAK can effectively reduce the dishing and erosion depth of different line width and spacing.
Unraveling the Mechanism of Removing NA Contamination by TMAH-Based Cleaning Solution During Post Co-CMP Cleaning
Authors: Cui Haoxiang , Ma Tengda , Tan Baimei , Sun Xiaoqin , Feng Zixuan
Published: March 2022

Nicotinic acid (NA) has been widely applied to inhibit the corrosion on Co surface in the Co interconnection chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). The insoluble Co(II)-NA complexes can be observed as organic residues on Co surface after CMP. In this work, the effects of different cleaning solution combination between TMAH and three complexing agents (TETA, EDTA and Gly) on removing NA contamination on Co surface were researched. Electrochemistry, contact angle, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscope (AFM) were applied to explore the cleaning effect and mechanism. The results showed that the synergetic action of 0.15 wt% EDTA and 0.15 wt% TMAH had the optimal removal effect and could significantly remove NA contamination on Co surface. Besides, the molecular activity of NA was calculated based on Density functional theory (DFT) to clarify the mechanism of cleaning process. The results showed that the bond between NA and Co2+ was broken and the Co(II)-NA complex film was decomposed under the action of the cleaning solution.
Two-Step Chemical Mechanical Polishing of Stainless Steel
Authors: Li Xing’ai , Xi Mengfei , Guo Wei , Xu Gui , Luo Wenrui , Zhu Qinqi , Li Yanpei , Yu Haiyang , Chang Tongtong , Zhang Yanfeng , Zhang Zefang , Sun Tao
Published: March 2022

Stainless steel with high surface quality is required in many industries and chemical mechanical polishing can achieve both local and global planarization of the substrate surface. However, it is difficult to realize both high material removal rate and high surface quality by a single step polishing. In this regard, a two-step polishing process, coarse polishing with α-Al2O3 abrasives first and then fine polishing with silica abrasives, was proposed to solve the trade-off between material removal and surface quality. The effects of pH (1 ∼ 12) and H2O2 (0 ∼ 0.5 wt%) on the polishing of 304 stainless steel disk (area ∼ 6.7 cm2) were systematically studied and CMP mechanism of stainless steel was discussed. The results indicated that, at pH 4, with the addition of 0.01 wt% H2O2, the surface roughness of stainless steel was successfully reduced from 0.702 μm to 44.6 nm (the first step using α-Al2O3 abrasives) and 1.61 nm (the second step using silica abrasives). Finally, an ultra-smooth surface was obtained with decent material removal rate.
Structural and Morphological Studies of Bi2O3/MWCNTs Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide for Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Surekha G. , Ravi N. , Suvarna R. Padma , Krishnaiah Kummara Venkata
Published: March 2022

Bismuth oxide (Bi2O3), multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and its composite were synthesized by modified Hummers method followed by chemical and thermal reduction processes. During synthesis, graphene oxide (GO) was reduced to rGO and decorated evenly with Bi2O3 and CNTs. Average crystallite size of graphite flakes (GF), GO, rGO, rGO/Bi2O3, rGO/CNTs and rGO/Bi2O3/CNTs is calculated from XRD profiles using the Scherer equation are 77.75, 11.91, 1.79, 18.1, 21.05 and 18.05 nm, respectively. In XRD, deconvolution of rGO/Bi2O3/CNTs, C60 and C70 diffraction peaks were observed. The morphology of rGO/Bi2O3/CNTs have smoother surface similar to GO, rGO, rGO/Bi2O3 and rGO/CNTs except GF, was revealed in SEM images. HR-TEM analysis revealed carbon (002) in rGO with d-spacing of 0.34 nm, Bi (102) with d-spacing of 0.31 nm and MWCNTs on 2 nm scale. Bonding of Bi2O3 and CNTs with graphene layers led to the formation of novel functionalized nanocomposite which enhances electrical conductivity of rGO. Using AFM images of rGO/CNTs films thicknesses, arithmetic mean and RMS roughness were estimated as 6 nm at 14.91 nm and 19.27 nm, respectively. Results of rGO/Bi2O3/CNTs revealed that with the small crystallite size, functionalization and nanoscale roughness could be promising for energy storage applications.
First-Principle Study of CsPbBr3 and CsPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Maphoto R. I. , Morukuladi M. T , Malatji K. T , Masedi M. C , Ngoepe P. E.
Published: March 2022

Due to the outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE), lightweight, flexible, and low manufacturing cost, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) attract a lot of attention as the most promising candidate for the next generation of solar cells. However, the issue of poor intrinsic stability of the absorber materials and operational stability of devices remains unsolved. In this study, first-principle calculations were performed on the CsPbX3 (X = Br or I) perovskites to provide insight into the structural, mechanical, vibrational and electronic properties of CsPbBr3 and CsPbI3 for their applications as active layers of solar cells. It was found that the calculated lattice parameters are in good agreement with the experimental results. CsPbBr3 and CsPbI3 have negative energy of formation, which implies that the materials are thermodynamically stable. The calculated band structures indicate that CsPbBr3 and CsPbI3 are semiconductors with direct bandgaps along R-symmetry point. Furthermore, cluster expansion and simulations of Monte-Carlo were performed to identify new possible CsPbBr1-xIx structures and evaluate the effect of temperature on the system. The ground-state search generated 26 new multi-component CsPbBr1-xIx structures, and the temperature-profile showed that the system mixes well at ∼800 K. Thus, the phase stability insight is crucial for the development of these promising perovskite solar cells.
Antithrombotic Therapy Improves ICU Mortality of Septic Patients with Peripheral Vascular Disease
Authors: Yuan Shiqi , Chen Chong , Xu Fengshuo , Han Didi , Yang Rui , Zheng Shuai , Qiao Mengmeng , Huang Xiaxuan , Lyu Jun
Published: March 2022

Objective. The effectiveness of antithrombotic drugs for treating sepsis is controversial. Here, we explore the association between antithrombotic therapy and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality for septic patients with peripheral vascular disease. Methods. This retrospective cohort study uses data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-III database. Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were used to examine mortality among different groups. Cox regression and marginal structural Cox models (MSCMs) were used to adjust for confounding factors. Main Results. The final cohort from the MIMIC-III database included 776 patients, of which 701 survived and 75 perished. The anticoagulant (AC) group and the antiplatelet-anticoagulation (AC-AP) group survived better than the group without antithrombotic treatment (non-AT). The AC and AC-AP groups showed a 0.363-fold and 0.373-fold risk of ICU mortality, respectively, compared with the non-AT group when controlling for age, gender, CRRT, alcohol, heart failure, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, renal failure, liver disease, INR, PT, PPT, and SpO2. Antiplatelet therapy did not reduce ICU mortality. The same trends were apparent from the MSCM. In addition, the AC-AP group exhibited a lower risk of bleeding complications. Conclusion. Although the antithrombotic group (AC and AC-AP groups) demonstrated a higher sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score than the group without antithrombotic treatment (non-AT group), the risk of ICU mortality was lower without increasing the risk of bleeding complications. Our study further suggested that anticoagulation therapy may benefit the prognosis of septic patients with peripheral vascular disease.
Higher Rumination Tendency Is Associated with Reduced Positive Effects of Daily Activity Participation in People with Depressive Disorder
Authors: Huang Lin-Jye , Wu Chinyu , Yeh Hsin-Hsiu Essential , Huang Pei-Shan , Yang Yi-Hong , Fang Yung-Chun , Wu Chien-Te
Published: March 2022

Objectives. Rumination, a response style characterized by self-reflection loops of negative thoughts, tends to exacerbate depressive symptoms and may impair daily functional behaviors of individuals with depression. However, the specific impacts of rumination on activity participation remain unclear. The current study was aimed at examining the differences in daily activity participation profiles between clinically depressed people with higher versus lower rumination tendencies, with the hope to provide insightful suggestions for improving the quality of life of ruminative individuals with major depression. Methods. We recruited 143 participants with a depression-related diagnosis from psychiatric daycare centers or clinics and analyzed the differences in activity participation profiles between individuals with higher versus lower rumination tendencies. Results. Although compared to those with lower rumination tendencies, participants with higher rumination tendencies spent a longer time in activity participation; they experienced lower participation quality during these activities. Furthermore, their activity participation was primarily motivated by meeting others’ expectations rather than self-interest. They also misattributed participation restriction to “lack of family support,” indicating that the unhealthy rumination pattern might be the cause of their lack of positive feelings from engaging in meaningful daily activities. Conclusions. The current results suggest that the unhealthy motivation behind activity participation seems to be an important factor that decreases the quality of participation in individuals with higher rumination tendency. Establishing a healthy motivation for activity participation is therefore critical for improving their quality of participation. As an initial step, OT interventions could put a focus on helping them clarify and escape from the source of negative rumination cycles that impede their positive feeling of activity participation.
Sanguinarine-Chelerythrine Fraction of Coptis chinensis Exerts Anti-inflammatory Activity in Carrageenan Paw Oedema Test in Rats and Reveals Reduced Gastrotoxicity
Authors: Danielewski Maciej , Zielińska Sylwia , Matuszewska Agnieszka , Słupski Wojciech , Włodarczyk Maciej , Jęśkowiak Izabela , Wiatrak Benita , Kowalski Krzysztof , Jezierska-Domaradzka Anna , Ziółkowski Piotr , Szeląg Adam , Nowak Beata
Published: March 2022

Inflammatory diseases are a common therapeutic problem and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are not deprived of side effects, of which ulcerogenic activity is one of the most frequent. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the sanguinarine-chelerythrine (SC) fraction of Coptis chinensis and its influence on the integrity of gastric mucosa. The study was conducted on sixty male rats randomly divided into six experimental groups: two control groups (a negative control group CON and a positive control group CAR); three groups receiving an investigational fraction of C. chinensis (1, 5, 10 mg/kg i.g.) named SC1, SC5, and SC10, respectively; and a group receiving indomethacin (IND) (10 mg/kg i.g.) as a reference drug. In all animals, the carrageenan-induced paw oedema was measured; PGE2 release, TNFα production, and MMP-9 concentration in inflamed tissue were determined. Additionally, the macroscopic and microscopic damage of gastric mucosa was evaluated. Administration of SC dose-dependently inhibited the second phase of carrageenan rat paw oedema and PGE2 release, decreased the production of TNFα, and reduced the concentration of MMP-9, and the efficacy of the highest dose was comparable to the effect of IND. Contrary to IND, no gastrotoxic activity of SC was detected. The investigated sanguinarine-chelerythrine fraction of C. chinensis seems to be a promising candidate for further research on new anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs characterized with a safer gastric profile compared to existing NSAIDs.
Suhuang Antitussive Capsule Ameliorates Corticosteroid Insensitivity in Cough Variant Asthma Guinea Pigs by Inhibiting p38 MAPK Signal Pathway
Authors: Lyu Tianyi , Li Demin , Zhang Haojun , Chen Siyi , Yang Daowen
Published: March 2022

Purpose/Objective. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the most effective treatment for asthma. However, some asthmatic patients do not respond to ICS treatment due to insensitivity. Thus, some studies have attempted to identify combination treatments to resolve this clinical problem. Cough variant asthma (CVA) is well established as a specific asthma phenotype. In this study, we examined whether the traditional medicine Suhuang (a combination of several traditional Chinese medicinal plants) could enhance the effect of Budesonide (BUD) by ameliorating corticosteroid insensitivity via p38 MAPK signal pathway in CVA guinea pig. Methods. The CVA guinea pig model was successfully established by use of ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and cigarette smoke (CS) exposure. The guinea pigs were divided into 6 groups: a control group, an OVA model group, an OVA + CS model group, a Suhuang treatment group, a BUD treatment group, and a combination (Suhuang and BUD) treatment group. The effects of the treatment were determined by measuring lung function (RI/Cydn) and cough symptoms (coughs number/cough latency) as outcome criteria. The levels of inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined by ELISA. Lung tissues were stained by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). The expressions of GR/total p38 MAPK/p-p38 MAPK were detected by Western blot. The MKP-1 mRNA levels were detected by RT-PCR. Results. Combination treatment significantly decreased RI/coughs numbers and increased Cydn/cough latency. Significantly, the results indicated that combination treatment decreased injury to pulmonary tissues. Results also revealed that levels of inflammatory cytokines were reduced in all treatment groups but most markedly in the combination treatment group. Moreover, Suhuang treatment significantly ameliorated corticosteroid insensitivity by improving the expression of glucocorticoid receptors (GR). The expressions of total p38 MAPK and p-p38 MAPK in lung tissue were significantly inhibited in the Suhuang and combination treatment groups. The MKP-1 mRNA levels in Suhuang and combination treatment groups were also increased significantly. Conclusion. Suhuang was effective for reversing corticosteroid insensitivity by regulating the p38 MAPK signal pathway, and combining BUD and Suhuang treatment showed synergistic interactions in CVA guinea pigs. Our findings showed that this combination therapy might be a promising therapeutic agent for CVA and also clarified its underlying mechanism of action, providing a theoretical basis for clinical combination treatment with Suhuang and BUD in CVA patients.