bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breeding habitat and nest‐site selection by an obligatory “nest‐cleptoparasite”, the Amur FalconFalco amurensis
Authors: Frommhold Martin , Heim Arend , Barabanov Mikhail , Maier Franziska , Mühle Ralf‐Udo , Smirenski Sergei M. , Heim Wieland
Published: December 2019

The selection of a nest site is crucial for successful reproduction of birds. Animals which re‐use or occupy nest sites constructed by other species often have limited choice. Little is known about the criteria of nest‐stealing species to choose suitable nesting sites and habitats. Here, we analyze breeding‐site selection of an obligatory “nest‐cleptoparasite”, the Amur FalconFalco amurensis. We collected data on nest sites at Muraviovka Park in the Russian Far East, where the species breeds exclusively in nests of the Eurasian MagpiePica pica. We sampled 117 Eurasian Magpie nests, 38 of which were occupied by Amur Falcons. Nest‐specific variables were assessed, and a recently developed habitat classification map was used to derive landscape metrics. We found that Amur Falcons chose a wide range of nesting sites, but significantly preferred nests with a domed roof. Breeding pairs of Eurasian HobbyFalco subbuteoand Eurasian Magpie were often found to breed near the nest in about the same distance as neighboring Amur Falcon pairs. Additionally, the occurrence of the species was positively associated with bare soil cover, forest cover, and shrub patches within their home range and negatively with the distance to wetlands. Areas of wetlands and fallow land might be used for foraging since Amur Falcons mostly depend on an insect diet. Additionally, we found that rarely burned habitats were preferred. Overall, the effect of landscape variables on the choice of actual nest sites appeared to be rather small. We used different classification methods to predict the probability of occurrence, of which theRandom forestmethod showed the highest accuracy. The areas determined as suitable habitat showed a high concordance with the actual nest locations. We conclude that Amur Falcons prefer to occupy newly built (domed) nests to ensure high nest quality, as well as nests surrounded by available feeding habitats.
Triage‐HF Plus: a novel device‐based remote monitoring pathway to identify worsening heart failure
Authors: Ahmed Fozia Zahir , Taylor Joanne K. , Green Caroline , Moore Lucy , Goode Angelic , Black Paula , Howard Lesley , Fullwood Catherine , Zaidi Amir , Seed Alison , Cunnington Colin , Motwani Manish
Published: December 2019

Aims

Remote monitoring of patients with physiological data derived from cardiac implanted electronic devices (CIEDs) offers potential to reconfigure clinical services. The ‘Heart Failure Risk Score' (HFRS) uses input from integrated device physiological monitoring to risk‐stratify patients as low‐risk, medium‐risk, or high‐risk of a heart failure event in the next 30 days. This study aimed to evaluate a novel clinical pathway utilizing a combination of CIED risk‐stratification and telephone triage to identify patients with worsening heart failure (WHF).

Methods and results

A prospective, single‐centre, real‐world evaluation of the ‘Triage‐HF Plus' clinical pathway (HFRS in combination with telephone triage) over a 27 month period. One hundred and fifty‐seven high‐risk HFRS transmissions were referred for telephone triage assessment. Interventions were at the discretion of the clinical assessor acting in accordance with clinical guidelines. An additional 3month consecutive sample of low and medium HFRS transmissions (control group) were also contacted for telephone triage assessment (n = 98). Successful telephone contact was made in 127 (81%) of referred high‐risk HFRS cases: 71 (55.9%) were confirmed to have WHF requiring intervention; 19 (14.9%) had an alternative acute medical problem; one patient had been recently discharged from hospital with WHF; and 36 (28.0%) had no apparent cause for the high score. In the control group, only one patient had symptoms of WHF. The sensitivity and specificity of CIED‐based remote monitoring to identify WHF 98.6% (92.5–100.0%) and 63.4% (55.2–71.0%), respectively.

Conclusions

The Triage‐HF Plus clinical pathway is a potentially useful remote monitoring tool for patients with heart failure and in situ CIEDs.
And Yet It Moves: A High‐Temperature Neutron Diffraction Study of Ion Diffusion in the Inverse Perovskites BaLiX3 (X = F, H, D)
Authors: Wiedemann Dennis , Heppke Eva Maria , Franz Alexandra
Published: December 2019

Despite the interest in (anti‐)perovskites and diverse hydrides as hydride conductors and all‐solid‐state battery materials, little experimental evidence on anion diffusion in these compounds is available. Herein, we use neutron diffraction at high temperatures to discover pathways and estimate activation barriers of anion migration in mechanosynthesized powders of BaLiF3, BaLiH3, and BaLiD3. We critically assess the limitations of both current methods for deriving effective one‐particle potentials (i.e., via modelling of the probability‐density function and via maximum‐entropy reconstruction of the scatterer density). The suggested migration pathways run roughly along the edges of the LiX6 octahedra with activation energies of 0.45(3), ca. 0.41, and less than 1.44(3) eV in BaLiD3, BaLiH3, and BaLiF3, respectively. Not only is this the first determination of diffusion barriers in these hydrides but also the second study providing any comparative data on the two methods of derivation.
Rh‐Catalyzed Decarbonylative Addition of Salicylaldehydes with Vinyl Ketones: Synthesis of Taccabulins A–E
Authors: Rao Maddali L. N. , Ramakrishna Boddu S.
Published: December 2019

A rhodium‐catalyzed decarbonylative addition of salicylaldehydes with vinyl ketones was developed to synthesize o‐hydroxydihydrochalcones (2‐hydroxyphenethyl ketones). These decarbonylative addition reactions afforded various functionalized o‐hydroxydihydrochalcones in moderate to good yields with broad functional group tolerance and selectivity. This method was also applied further in the divergent synthesis of dihydrochalcone derived taccabulins A–E.
[3,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Aryl Fluoroalkyl Sulfoxides with Alkyl Nitriles
Authors: Hu Mengjie , He Jia‐Ni , Liu Yanping , Dong Taotao , Chen Mengyuan , Yan Chao , Ye Yulu , Peng Bo
Published: December 2019

Herein we report the ortho‐cyanoalkylation of aryl fluoroalkyl sulfoxides with alkyl nitriles. The reaction proceeds through an “assembly/deprotonation” triggered [3,3]‐rearrangement and allows the incorporation of two valuable functional groups including the cyano group and difluoromethylthio group into arenes. As a consequence, a wide range of ortho‐cyanoalkylated difluoromethylthio arenes were produced with high efficiency under mild and environmentally friendly conditions. Remarkably, the reaction proceeds smoothly with the electron‐donating group substituted arenes which can be challenging to the reaction of non‐fluoroalkyl sulfoxides. This beneficial effect can be attributed to the unique electronegativity of fluoroalkyl substituents.
A social identity model of riot diffusion: From injustice to empowerment in the 2011 London riots
Authors: Drury John , Stott Clifford , Ball Roger , Reicher Stephen , Neville Fergus , Bell Linda , Biddlestone Mikey , Choudhury Sanjeedah , Lovell Max , Ryan Caoimhe
Published: December 2019

Previous research has shown that riots spread across multiple locations, but has not explained underlying psychological processes. We examined rioting in three locations during the August 2011 disorders in England to test a social identity model of riot diffusion. We triangulated multiple sources to construct a narrative of events; and we analysed interviews with 68 participants to examine experiences. In line with the model, we found evidence for two pathways of influence: “cognitive” and “strategic”. For some participants, previous rioting was highly self‐relevant, and shared identity was the basis of their subsequent involvement. For others, previous rioting was empowering because it demonstrated the vulnerability of a common enemy (the police). In each location, interaction dynamics mediated the link between initial perceptions and collective action. The utility of this social identity approach is that it is able to account for both the boundaries and the sequence of urban riot diffusion.
Mechanistic understanding of cellular responses to genomic stress
Authors: Hanawalt Philip , Sweasy Joann
Published: December 2019

Within the past half century we have learned of multiple pathways for repairing damaged DNA, based upon the intrinsic redundancy of information in its complementary double strands. Mechanistic details of these pathways have provided insights into environmental and endogenous threats to genomic stability. Studies on bacterial responses to ultraviolet light led to the discovery of excision repair, as well as the inducible SOS response to DNA damage. Similar responses in eukaryotes promote upregulation of error‐prone translesion DNA polymerases. Recent advances in this burgeoning field include duplex DNA sequencing to provide strikingly accurate profiling of mutational signatures, analyses of gene expression patterns in single cells, CRISPR/Cas9 to generate changes at precise genomic positions, novel roles for RNA in gene expression and DNA repair, phase‐separated aqueous environments for specialized cellular transactions, and DNA lesions as epigenetic signals for gene expression. The Environmental Mutagenesis and Genomics Society (EMGS), through the broad range of expertise in its membership, stands at the crossroad of basic understanding of mechanisms for genomic maintenance and the field of genetic toxicology, with the need for regulation of exposures to toxic substances. Our future challenges include devising strategies and technologies to identify individuals who are susceptible to specific genomic stresses, along with basic research on the underlying mechanisms of cellular stress responses that promote disease‐causing mutations. As the science moves forward it should also be a responsibility for the EMGS to expand its outreach programs for the enlightenment and benefit of all humans and the biosphere. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 61:25–33, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus supplements on growth and biochemical composition of Podohedriella sp. (MCC44) isolated from northeast India
Authors: Ghosh Ashmita , Sarkar Sambit , Gayen Kalyan , Bhowmick Tridib K.
Published: December 2019

Microalgae are photosynthetic microscopic organisms, which became popular worldwide due to the promising resource of sustainable and clean energy production with economic and environmental benefits. In this study, one microalgae strain, Podohedriella sp. (MCC44), was isolated from the paddy field, located in Gomati district of Tripura state (northeast part of India). Identification of isolated strain was confirmed by 18S rRNA (ribosomal ribonucleic acid) sequencing analysis. Ultrastructure morphology and surface elemental composition of the strain were revealed for the isolated Podohedriella sp. (MCC44). Results of this study have shown isolated Podohedriella sp. is efficiently able to trap carbon from the atmosphere and can be considered as a way to mitigate CO2 gas emissions from the flue gases generated from the industries. Effects of macronutrients (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus) at different concentrations in the BG‐11 media on growth rate and biomolecular compositions such as chlorophyll, protein, carbohydrate, and lipid content were investigated. Maximum biomass (0.4 g/L) of isolated Podohedriella sp. (MCC44) was obtained when the initial nitrogen‐to‐phosphorus ratio was maintained at 8.7 in the BG‐11 media. Variation in the concentrations of macronutrients (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus) shows that isolated Podohedriella sp. (MCC44) is enriched with (~30–40%) carbohydrate, (30–45%) protein, and (15–24%) lipid. Therefore, freshwater microalgae strain with elevated growth rate and maximum protein, carbohydrate, and lipid content would grow the interest in microalgae globally for high biomass production and other multiple applications.
Agent‐based negotiation approach for feature interactions in smart home systems using calculus of the context‐aware ambient
Authors: Alfakeeh Ahmed S. , Al‐Bayatti Ali H. , Siewe Francois , Baker Thar
Published: December 2019

Smart home systems (SHSs) provide several services that are tailored to different residents' preferences. As a result, SHSs are highly exposed to undesirable interactions, known as feature interactions (FIs). FIs might occur as a result of a conflict in services' goals or a conflict with residents' preferences. Previous studies have proposed solutions based on applying priorities, in which some services or preferable features are disabled in favor of other services. Alternatively, the agent‐based negotiation approach (ABNA) utilizes agents and applies negotiation, enabling services with contrary features to work simultaneously. ABNA avoids applying priority between services or house residents' preferences whenever a space for a compromise exists. The mechanism of ABNA is based on the use of a hierarchy of features based on their contribution to the function of the service or on the importance of these features to house residents. To achieve a compromise between conflicting services, ABNA models services and residents by using agents, and implements a negotiation algorithm that allows services with conflicting features to work simultaneously. This paper presents a description of ABNA with a formal specification of ABNA in the calculus of context‐aware ambient (CCA). This enables the formal analysis of ABNA by using the execution environment of CCA.
An analytic study of architecture, security, privacy, query processing, and performance evaluation of database‐as‐a‐service
Authors: Khan Fakhri Alam , Jamjoom Mona , Ahmad Awais , Asif Muhammad
Published: December 2019

In the present era of technology, the pace of data generation is very high, and the biggest challenge is the manageability of data with efficient and secure storage options as well as at lower cost. Therefore, in this article, we have elaborated the database‐as‐a‐service (DaaS) concept having its introduction, architecture, security and privacy, query processing, and an analytic performance evaluation relating to query performance on encrypted data of DaaS. We have conducted an analytic study of the state‐of‐the‐art by analyzing CPU and query execution time. According to this evaluation, it is concluded that data encryption and decryption need heavy processing power and are time‐consuming. Moreover, there is several query execution problems that exist on encrypted data. A major improvement in query performance may be achieved through parallel query execution after the deployment of multithreading having maximum possible threads.
Composite Anion Exchange Membranes from Quaternized Poly(arylene ether ketone) and Quaternized Titanate Nanotubes with Enhanced Ion Conductivity
Authors: Lu Y. , Hu Z. , Liu Y. , Buregeya I. , Pan X. , Li N. , Chen S.
Published: December 2019

The present work deals with the fabrications and characterizations of nanocomposite anion exchange membranes composed of quaternized titanate nanotubes (QTNT) and quaternized poly(arylene ether ketone)s (QPAEK) for fuel cell applications. QTNT was synthesized by coupling reaction of (3‐chloropropyl) trimethoxy silane on titania nanotubes (TNT) and Menshutkin reaction with trimethylamine. The nanocomposite membranes were prepared by the facile solvent casting method. The introduction of the quaternary ammonium groups generates strong interfacial interactions and contributes to the better compatibility between the QPAEK and QTNT. A rather small amount of QTNT (no more than 1 wt.%) incorporated into the membrane substantially enhanced the performance of the obtained QPAEK/QTNT nanocomposite membranes, including the better solvent resistance, dimensional stability, ion conductivity, chemical stability and fuel cell performance. The QPAEK/QTNT‐1 membrane exhibited an appreciable ion conductivity of 52.5 mS cm−1, swelling ratio of 10% at 80 °C. It also produced the maximum power density of 62.8 mW cm−2, which was 1.4 times as high as that for the control QPAEK membrane (46.1 mW cm−2) in a H2/O2 fuel cell at 80 °C and 100% relative humidity (RH). It gives good prospect for the QTNT as inorganic nanofillers in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell applications.
mTOR‐mediated metabolic reprogramming shapes distinct microglia functions in response to lipopolysaccharide and ATP
Authors: Hu Yaling , Mai Weihao , Chen Lunhao , Cao Kelei , Zhang Bin , Zhang Zhenjie , Liu Yijun , Lou Huifang , Duan Shumin , Gao Zhihua
Published: December 2019

Microglia constantly survey the brain microenvironment and rapidly adopt different phenotypes in response to environmental stimuli. Such dynamic functions require a unique metabolism and bioenergetics. However, little is known about the basic metabolism of microglia and how metabolic changes regulate microglia function. Here, we uncover that microglia activation is accompanied by extensive transcriptional changes in glucose and lipid metabolism‐related genes. Using metabolic flux assays, we found that LPS, a prototype of the pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), significantly enhanced glycolysis but suppressed oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in primary cultured microglia. By contrast, ATP, a known damage‐associated molecular pattern (DAMPs) that triggers sterile activation of microglia, boosted both glycolysis and OXPHOS. Importantly, both LPS and ATP activated the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and enhanced the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Inhibition of mTOR activity suppressed glycolysis and ROS production in both conditions but exerted different effects on OXPHOS: it attenuated the ATP‐induced elevation of OXPHOS, yet had no impact on the LPS‐induced suppression of OXPHOS. Further, inhibition of mTOR or glycolysis decreased production of LPS‐induced proinflammatory cytokines and ATP‐induced tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in microglia. Our study reveals a critical role for mTOR in the regulation of metabolic programming of microglia to shape their distinct functions under different states and shed light on the potential application of targeting metabolism to interfere with microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation in multiple disorders.
Reliability of a functional magnetic resonance imaging task of emotional conflict in healthy participants
Authors: Hassel Stefanie , Sharma Gulshan B. , Alders Gésine L. , Davis Andrew D. , Arnott Stephen R. , Frey Benicio N. , Hall Geoffrey B. , Harris Jacqueline K. , Lam Raymond W. , Milev Roumen , Müller Daniel J. , Rotzinger Susan , Zamyadi Mojdeh , Kennedy Sidney H. , Strother Stephen C. , MacQueen Glenda M.
Published: December 2019

Task‐based functional neuroimaging methods are increasingly being used to identify biomarkers of treatment response in psychiatric disorders. To facilitate meaningful interpretation of neural correlates of tasks and their potential changes with treatment over time, understanding the reliability of the blood‐oxygen‐level dependent (BOLD) signal of such tasks is essential. We assessed test–retest reliability of an emotional conflict task in healthy participants collected as part of the Canadian Biomarker Integration Network in Depression. Data for 36 participants, scanned at three time points (weeks 0, 2, and 8) were analyzed, and intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to quantify reliability. We observed moderate reliability (median ICC values between 0.5 and 0.6), within occipital, parietal, and temporal regions, specifically for conditions of lower cognitive complexity, that is, face, congruent or incongruent trials. For these conditions, activation was also observed within frontal and sub‐cortical regions, however, their reliability was poor (median ICC < 0.2). Clinically relevant prognostic markers based on task‐based fMRI require high predictive accuracy at an individual level. For this to be achieved, reliability of BOLD responses needs to be high. We have shown that reliability of the BOLD response to an emotional conflict task in healthy individuals is moderate. Implications of these findings to further inform studies of treatment effects and biomarker discovery are discussed.
Implementing successful systematic Patient Reported Outcome and Experience Measures (PROMs and PREMs) in robotic oncological surgery—The role of physicians
Authors: Lungu Daniel Adrian , Pennucci Francesca , De Rosis Sabina , Romano Gaetano , Melfi Franca
Published: December 2019

Patient Reported Outcome and Experience Measures (PROMs and PREMs) play an increasingly important role in monitoring the quality of the oncological pathway. The aim of this study is to describe the case of five hospitals a year after the adoption of PROMs and PREMs for robotic oncological colorectal surgery in Tuscany and to investigate how the clinicians can impact the process of implementation and the efficacy of such measures. We used 14 months of data from the five robotic centers in Tuscany. Above all, the physician's personal motivation to improve the treatment of patients, the teamwork, and the possibility to use data for research purposes proved to be the essential factors for their engagement and the successful implementation of patient reported measures. Physicians play a key role in the adoption of systematic PROMs and PREMs. The higher their level of engagement, the higher the collection success, both in terms of number of patients enrolled and response rates. Moreover, the collection of patient reported measures may become part of physicians' daily practice and may lead to a change in their relationship and communication with patients, as clinicians accept to have their job reviewed and are not afraid to be evaluated by their patients.
Detecting metabolic differences in fetal and adult sheep adipose and skeletal muscle tissues
Authors: Darby Jack R. T. , Sorvina Alexandra , Bader Christie A. , Lock Mitchell C. , Soo Jia Yin , Holman Stacey L. , Seed Mike , Kuchel Tim , Brooks Douglas A. , Plush Sally E. , Morrison Janna L.
Published: December 2019

The primary metabolic pathway required to produce ATP differs as a result of tissue type, developmental stage and substrate availability. We utilized molecular and histological techniques to define the metabolic status in foetal and adult, adipose and skeletal muscle tissues. Redox ratios of these tissues were also determined optically by two‐photon microscopy. Adult perirenal adipose tissue had a higher optical redox ratio than fetal perirenal adipose tissue, which aligned with glycolysis being used for ATP production; whereas adult skeletal muscle had a lower optical redox ratio than fetal skeletal muscle, which aligned with oxygen demanding oxidative phosphorylation activity being utilized for ATP production. We have compared traditional molecular and microscopy techniques of metabolic tissue characterization with optical redox ratios to provide a more comprehensive report on the dynamics of tissue metabolism.
Raman spectral discrimination in human liquid biopsies of oesophageal transformation to adenocarcinoma
Authors: Maitra Ishaan , Morais Camilo L. M. , Lima Kássio M. G. , Ashton Katherine M. , Date Ravindra S. , Martin Francis L.
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was to determine whether Raman spectroscopy combined with chemometric analysis can be applied to interrogate biofluids (plasma, serum, saliva and urine) towards detecting oesophageal stages through to oesophageal adenocarcinoma [normal/squamous epithelium, inflammatory, Barrett's, low‐grade dysplasia, high‐grade dysplasia and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC)]. The chemometric analysis of the spectral data was performed using principal component analysis, successive projections algorithm or genetic algorithm (GA) followed by quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA). The genetic algorithm quadratic discriminant analysis (GA‐QDA) model using a few selected wavenumbers for saliva and urine samples achieved 100% classification for all classes. For plasma and serum, the GA‐QDA model achieved excellent accuracy in all oesophageal stages (>90%). The main GA‐QDA features responsible for sample discrimination were: 1012 cm−1 (C─O stretching of ribose), 1336 cm−1 (Amide III and CH2 wagging vibrations from glycine backbone), 1450 cm−1 (methylene deformation) and 1660 cm−1 (Amide I). The results of this study are promising and support the concept that Raman on biofluids may become a useful and objective diagnostic tool to identify oesophageal disease stages from squamous epithelium to OAC.
PARP1 Hinders Histone H2B Occupancy at the NFATc1 Promoter to Restrain Osteoclast Differentiation
Authors: Wang Chun , Xiao Jianqiu , Nowak Kathrin , Gunasekera Kapila , Alippe Yael , Speckman Sheree , Yang Tong , Kress Dustin , Abu-Amer Yousef , Hottiger Michael O. , Mbalaviele Gabriel
Published: December 2019

Induction of nuclear factor of activated T cell cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) is essential for macrophage differentiation into osteoclasts (OCs), but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The ability of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) to poly-ADP-ribosylate NFATc1 in T cells prompted us to investigate the PARP1 and NFATc1 interaction during osteoclastogenesis. However, extensive studies failed to directly link PARP1 to NFATc1. A combination of transcriptomics and proteomics studies was then used to identify PARP1 targets under these conditions. These unbiased approaches in conjunction with site-directed mutagenesis studies revealed that PARP1 inhibited NFATc1 expression and OC formation by ADP-ribosylating histone H2B at serine 7 and decreasing the occupancy of this histone variant at the NFATc1 promoter. The anti-osteoclastogenic function of PARP1 was confirmed in vivo in several mouse models of PARP1 loss-of-function or gain-of-function, including a novel model in which PARP1 was conditionally ablated in myeloid cells. Thus, PARP1 ADP-ribosylates H2B to negatively regulate NFATc1 expression and OC differentiation. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Direct Reprogramming of Mouse Fibroblasts into Functional Osteoblasts
Authors: Zhu Hui , Swami Srilatha , Yang Pinglin , Shapiro Frederic , Wu Joy Y.
Published: December 2019

Although induced pluripotent stem cells hold promise as a potential source of osteoblasts for skeletal regeneration, the induction of pluripotency followed by directed differentiation into osteoblasts is time consuming and low yield. In contrast, direct lineage reprogramming without an intervening stem/progenitor cell stage would be a more efficient approach to generate osteoblasts. We screened combinations of osteogenic transcription factors and identified four factors, Runx2, Osx, Dlx5, and ATF4, that rapidly and efficiently reprogram mouse fibroblasts derived from 2.3 kb type I collagen promoter-driven green fluorescent protein (Col2.3GFP) transgenic mice into induced osteoblast cells (iOBs). iOBs exhibit osteoblast morphology, form mineralized nodules, and express Col2.3GFP and gene markers of osteoblast differentiation. The global transcriptome profiles validated that iOBs resemble primary osteoblasts. Genomewide DNA methylation analysis demonstrates that within differentially methylated loci, the methylation status of iOBs more closely resembles primary osteoblasts than mouse fibroblasts. We further demonstrate that Col2.3GFP+ iOBs have transcriptome profiles similar to GFP+ cells harvested from Col2.3GFP mouse bone chips. Functionally, Col2.3GFP+ iOBs form mineralized bone structures after subcutaneous implantation in immunodeficient mice and contribute to bone healing in a tibia bone fracture model. These findings provide an approach to derive and study osteoblasts for skeletal regeneration. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Quantum Chemical Exploration of Intermolecular Reactions of Acetylene
Authors: Ohno Koichi , Oki Takuto , Yamakado Hideo
Published: December 2019

Quantum chemical explorations of potential energy surfaces showed that acetylene produces various products starting from molecular arrays in short distances of 1.3–2.5 Å. Arrays of (C2H2)2 gave cyclobutadiene, tetrahedrane, and acetylene dimers. Arrays of (C2H2)3 gave benzene, prismane, benzvalene, Dewar benzene, and acetylene trimers. Arrays of (C2H2)4 gave cubane, cyclooctatetranene, and acetylene tetramers. Different forms of initial arrays yielded different sets of products; a parallel array of two monomers gave cyclobutadiene, whereas a cross array gave tetrahedrane. Initial molecular arrays with unusually close contacts were estimated to require local forces of 1–9 × 10−8 N. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Healing is not linear: Using photography to describe the day‐to‐day healing journeys of undergraduate women survivors of sexual violence
Authors: Sinko Laura , Munro‐Kramer Michelle , Conley Terri , Burns Courtney J. , Arnault Denise M. Saint
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study was to describe the day‐to‐day healing processes of women who experienced undergraduate sexual violence. We engaged 19 women in a photo‐elicitation experience with follow‐up individual interviews to identify themes of both healing and darker moments in survivors' everyday lives. Healing was found to function on a continuum influenced by darker moments (i.e., moments that elicited fear, anxiety, loneliness, guilt, anger, and worthlessness) and healing moments (i.e., rebuilding moments of self‐care, self‐love, connection, hope, peace, and freedom). Responses to darker moments included feeling overwhelmed, disconnected, and intentional vulnerability. Healing moments were influenced by self‐reflection, authentic interactions, and resource utilization. The photographs taken in this study shed light on the impact of sexual violence in women's daily lives long after these traumatic and unjust experiences. This knowledge can be used to foster a sense of universality in survivors who are currently struggling and growing after their experiences as well as give service providers greater insight into what survivors' day‐to‐day needs may be.
Subtype‐Dependent Reporting of Stroke With SGLT2 Inhibitors: Implications From a Japanese Pharmacovigilance Study
Authors: Sato Kenichiro , Mano Tatsuo , Iwata Atsushi , Toda Tatsushi
Published: December 2019

Volume depletion as an adverse events (AE) caused by sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) because of their diuretic effect may raise the concern about the risk of lacunar stroke; however, an earlier meta‐analysis reported no significant increase in the incidence of stroke without clearly distinguishing stroke subtypes. Here, aiming to investigate subtype‐wise reporting of stroke potentially related to SGLT2i treatment, we conducted a disproportionality analysis using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database, which contains approximately 500 000 cases recorded between April 2004 and March 2019 to detect stroke as AE signals associated with SGLT2i treatment by calculating the reporting odds ratio (ROR). As a result, we identified 532 stroke event reports with the use of SGLT2i. The SGLT2i showed varying degrees of significantly higher reporting (lower 95% ROR > 1) for all ischemic stroke (ROR, 12.7), thrombosis (ROR, 21.7), lacunar infarction (ROR, 48.9), and embolism (ROR, 2.51), but no significantly higher reporting for hemorrhagic stroke. Current pharmacovigilance results showed that the RORs for stroke following SGLT2i use differ greatly depending on the stroke subtypes. It suggests the need for an observational cohort study to be conducted to investigate the incidence of each stroke subtype as the effect of SGLT2i.
Di‐isatin heteronuclear compounds and their antibacterial activity
Authors: Ma Tianwei , Chen Rongxing , Xue Huarui , Miao Zhong , Chen Liyan , Zhang Hao , Shi Xiangkui
Published: December 2019

Twenty propylene and butylene tethered di‐isatin heteronuclear compounds 5a‐t were synthesized, and their antibacterial activities were evaluated. Most of the synthesized di‐isatin heteronuclear derivatives were active against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative strains, and some of them exhibited considerable activities against drug‐resistant organisms. In particular, di‐isatin 5a (MIC: 32‐512 μg/mL) was more active than the reference vancomycin against Gram‐negative pathogens, demonstrating the antibacterial potential of di‐isatin heteronuclear compounds. The inhibitory activity of di‐isatin 5a was higher than mono‐isatin against Escherichia coli DNA gyrase, suggesting the dimers could improve the inhibitory activity against DNA gyrase when compared with the isatin. The structure‐activity relationship was discussed to provide an insight for rational designs of more efficient antibacterial candidates.
Neopulmonary Outflow Tract Obstruction Assessment by 4D Flow MRI in Adults With Transposition of the Great Arteries After Arterial Switch Operation
Authors: Belhadjer Zahra , Soulat Gilles , Ladouceur Magalie , Pitocco Francesca , Legendre Antoine , Bonnet Damien , Iserin Laurence , Mousseaux Elie
Published: December 2019

Background

The main complication in adult patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) treated by an arterial switch operation (ASO) is neopulmonary outflow tract stenosis (NPOTS). However, pulmonary flow velocity measurements cannot always be performed with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) due to complex anatomical features. 4D flow MRI allows detection, quantification, and location of the obstruction site along the NPOTS.

Purpose and Hypothesis

To investigate the accuracy of 4D flow for the diagnosis of NPOTS in adults with TGA corrected by ASO.

Study Type

Prospective.

Population

Thirty‐three adult patients with TGA treated by ASO (19 men, mean age 25.5 years old).

Field Strength/Sequence

Accelerated 4D flow research sequence at 3T.

Assessment

Maximum NPOTS velocities on TTE and 4D flow MRI done the same day.

Statistical Tests

Pearson correlation coefficient, paired t‐test, and Bland–Altman analysis were used to investigate the relationship between TTE and MRI data.

Results

In 16 patients (48.5%), evaluation of NPOTS anatomy was not obtained by TTE, while it was always possible by 4D flow. Peak flow velocity (PV) measurements in Doppler and 4D flow were highly correlated (r = 0.78; P < 0.001). PV >350 cm.s‐1 was detected in only one patient (3%) by TTE vs. five patients (15%) by 4D flow. Moreover, a high correlation was found between PV and the right ventricle (RV) mass index to body surface area when using 4D flow (r = 0.63; P < 0.001). The location of NPOTS was determined in all patients using 4D flow and concerned the main pulmonary artery in 42%.

Data Conclusion

Compared to TTE, 4D flow MRI provides better sensitivity to detect and locate NPOTS in patients with TGA treated by ASO. 4D flow PV measurements in NPOTS were well correlated with TTE PV and RV mass.

Level of Evidence: 1

Technical Efficacy: Stage 2

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1699–1705.
Evaluation of the Three‐Dimensional Translational and Angular Deformity in Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Authors: Bland Daniel C. , Valdovino Alan G. , Jeffords Megan E. , Bomar James D. , Newton Peter O. , Upasani Vidyadhar V.
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study was to quantify three‐dimensional translational and angular deformity (defined as theta) present at the proximal femoral physis in slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), and to use theta to differentiate between SCFE hips, contralateral unaffected hips, and normal hips by comparing to the current gold standard measure of the Southwick slip angle (SSA). 3DCT reconstructions of the pelvis and femur in SCFE patients and normal adolescents were obtained and pelvic position was standardized. The center point and direction vector of the femoral epiphysis was determined. The femoral neck axis was defined. The angle between the femoral neck axis and epiphysis vector defined the 3D angle of deformity (theta). The 3D translation of the femoral epiphysis, measured as a percentage of femoral neck diameter, was measured in three planes. The average theta angle was significantly greater in SCFE hips (46.5 ± 24.3°) compared with control (13.7 ± 6.4°) or normal (11.7 ± 3.7°) hips (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in theta angle between control and normal hips (p = 0.468). Theta angle correlated strongly with SSA (rs = 0.737, p < 0.001). Statement of clinical significance: The proximal femoral deformity in patients with slipped capital femoral epiphysis can be defined by measuring displacement of the epiphysis in all three dimensions in relation to the femoral neck axis. This information can be used in epiphyseal reorientation surgery to ensure anatomic reduction. The similarity between control and normal hips may argue against the thought that there is pre‐existing deformity in a pre‐slip condition of unaffected contralateral hips in SCFE patients. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:1081‐1088, 2020
Acquired multidrug‐resistant Candida glabrata in Australia: a case report
Authors: Koch Jenna D. , Harding Emily L. , Hughes Carly M.
Published: December 2019

Background

Candida glabrata is the second most common cause of candidaemia in Australia, and echinocandins remain the first‐line choice for empirical treatment. There have been increasing reports of multidrug‐resistant (MDR) C. glabrata worldwide. To date, there have been no documented cases of MDR C. glabrata in Australia. This paper describes a case of C. glabrata resistant to azole antifungals and echinocandins in Australia.

Clinical details

A 47‐year‐old male was admitted for management of acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) of the gastrointestinal tract on Day 129 after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. On Day 38 of admission, the patient developed C. glabrata candidaemia that was susceptible to echinocandins but resistant to azole antifungals. The patient received a 17‐day course of intravenous (IV) caspofungin with subsequent negative blood cultures. However, on Day 67, the patient again developed C. glabrata candidaemia that now exhibited resistance to echinocandins and azole antifungals.

Outcomes

The patient was commenced on liposomal amphotericin B (3 mg/kg, IV, daily) by the infectious diseases unit. A literature search by the pharmacist prompted a recommendation of a dose increase to 5 mg/kg, IV, daily given this isolate had a high minimum inhibitory concentration of 1 microgram/mL. Liposomal amphotericin B continued for 14 days with no further positive blood cultures. Unfortunately the patient died on Day 92 of admission secondary to severe treatment‐refractory GVHD.

Conclusion

This case highlights a case of MDR C. glabrata in Australia, which is of concern given the recommended empirical use of echinocandins for candidaemia.
Late glacial and Holocene landscape change and rapid climate and coastal impacts in the Canal Beagle, southernmost Patagonia
Authors: MCCULLOCH R. D. , Mansilla C. A. , Morello F. , De Pol‐Holz R. , San Román M. , Tisdall E. , Torres J.
Published: December 2019

Palaeoenvironmental data for the Late Glacial and Holocene periods are provided from Caleta Eugenia, in the eastern sector of Canal Beagle, southernmost Patagonia. The record commences at c. 16 200 cal a bp following glacier retreat in response to climatic warming. However, cooler conditions persisted during the Late Glacial period. The onset of more temperate conditions after c. 12 390 cal a
bp is indicated by the arrival of southern beech forest and later establishment at c. 10 640 cal a
bp, but the woodland growth was restricted by lower levels of effective moisture. The climate signal is then truncated by a rapid marine incursion at c. 8640 cal a
bp which lasted until a more gradual emergence of the coast at c. 6600 cal a
bp. During this period the pollen record appears to be dominated by the southern beech woodland. A punctuated hydroseral succession follows the isolation of the site from the sea leading to the re‐establishment of a peat bog. Between c. 5770 cal a
bp and the present there were several periods of short rapid climatic change leading to drier conditions, probably as a result of late Holocene periods of climatic warming. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abiotic degradation of s‐triazine pesticides analyzed by surface‐enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Rubira R.J.G. , Constantino C.J.L. , Otero J.C. , Sanchez‐Cortes S.
Published: December 2019

In this work, we explore the use of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) on silver (Ag) nanoparticles for the detection of triazine pesticide atrazine and prometryn as well as their degradation products. This tecnique was used to monitor the pesticide degradation both in the commercial samples as well as by the effects of heat and humidity. We have studied the adsorption affinity of these pesticides as well as their degradation products on the employed SERS substrates in order to check the optimal conditions in the detection of both the original pesticide and their degradation products. The presence of these products in triazine pesticides with high solubility in water is of great interest for the human health, but what's even more important is the fact that the pesticide degradation can be favored by very mild conditions of humidity, temperature, and pH, thus leading to high levels of structural modifications, which produce other final compounds with an even higher impact on both human health and environment.
A Mg(OH)2 coprecipitation method for determining chromium speciation and isotopic composition in seawater
Authors: Davidson Ashley B. , Semeniuk David M. , Koh Jasmine , Holmden Chris , Jaccard Samuel L. , Francois Roger , Crowe Sean A.
Published: December 2019

Chromium (Cr) stable isotopes have emerged as a powerful tool for tracking environmental redox transformations. This is because Cr isotopes are fractionated during redox reactions between Cr(III) and Cr(VI). In order to fully exploit the information recorded within Cr isotope compositions, we must be able to track changes in Cr speciation throughout the environment and, in particular, the changes in speciation between input to the ocean and eventual deposition in sediments. We must also be able to access the isotope compositions of each Cr species, rather than only total dissolved Cr. We have thus developed a magnesium hydroxide coprecipitation method that meets these objectives. This method achieves complete recovery and has a typical precision on concentration measurements of ±8% (1σ). It was tested using seawater collected from Saanich Inlet, a persistently anoxic fjord on the Pacific coast of Canada. Chromium speciation profiles and proof‐of‐concept isotope ratio measurements on selected samples indicate that isotopically lighter Cr(III) can be isolated from coexisting isotopically heavier Cr(VI), effectively resolving species‐specific Cr isotope compositions. While the oxygenated surface waters of Saanich Inlet follow the generally observed correlation between seawater Cr concentration and its isotopic composition, seawater from anoxic depths diverges from this array, indicating that different processes are responsible for setting the isotope composition of these deeper waters. Broader application of Mg(OH)2 coprecipitation has strong potential to yield new insights into the fractionation of Cr isotopes in the oceans and the pathways that ultimately set the Cr isotopic composition of marine sediments and sedimentary archives.
RETRACTED: Thermoreversible Structurally Recoverable Dual‐Network Elastomer Hydrogel
Authors: Lei Kun , Sun Chengyuan , Yang Chongchong , Zheng Zhen , Wang Xinling
Published: December 2019

Comprising a hydrogen bond crosslinked agarose (Aga) network and a covalently crosslinked hydroxyethyl polyacrylate network, a simple, easily controlled one‐pot construction of agarose/hydroxyethyl polyacrylate (Aga/PHEA) double network (DN) elastomer hydrogel is developed. The Aga/PHEA DN gels combining the strengths of both hydrogel and elastomer indicate excellent fatigue resistance, toughness together with rapid, high recoverable rate. The compression strength, tensile strength, and toughness of DN gels can reach 41 MPa, 1.0 MPa, and 6.7 MJ m−3. Due to the thermoreversible feature of agarose, the gel displays an excellent recoverable ability with the elastic modulus recovery of 93% and the energy loss recovery of 90%, respectively, after heating the compressed and released gels. Interestingly, the gels indicate a typical rubber behavior with a small and almost overlapped hysteresis loop and excellent fatigue resistance by simply regulating the content of the second network HEA. Besides, the in vitro MTT and cell adhesion tests confirm the good biological compatibility of the gels. The active hydroxyl groups in the gel can be bonded with functionalized molecule for different needs. The studies reveal that the DN elastomer hydrogels with excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and functionalization will significantly provide a new road to gel researches and applications.
A sharper decay rate for a viscoelastic wave equation with power nonlinearity
Authors: Miyasita Tosiya , Zennir Khaled
Published: December 2019

We consider a viscoelastic wave equation with power nonlinearity. First, we construct a local solution by the Faedo‐Galerkin approximation scheme and contraction mapping theorem. Next, we continue the local solution to the global one by a priori estimates obtained from a decreasing energy. Finally, we discuss the decay rate of the global solution by assuming that the kernel function is convex.
On integrability of the extended (3+1)‐dimensional Jimbo‐Miwa equation
Authors: Liu Jian‐gen , Yang Xiao‐jun , Feng Yi‐ying
Published: December 2019

By applying the binary bell polynomial scheme, the bilinear form, Bäcklund Transformations, and lax pairs of an extended (3+1)‐dimensional Jimbo‐miwa (JM) equation are constructed. Next, periodic wave‐type solutions can also be obtained to the extended (3+1)‐dimensional JM equation through the three‐wave method with the help of maple. Finally, a test function of the sech‐function method is utilized to get solitary waves of this study problem. These new results can help us better understand interesting physical phenomena and mechanism.
An Integer Linear Programming approach to minimize the cost of the refurbishment of a façade to improve the energy efficiency of a building
Authors: Salandin Andrea , Soler David , Bevivino Michele
Published: December 2019

Buildings account 40% of the EU's total energy consumption. Therefore, they represent a key potential source of energy savings to fight, among others, against climate change. Furthermore, around 54% of the buildings in Spain date back before 1980, when no thermal regulation was available. The refurbishment of a façade of an old building is usually the most effective way to improve its energy efficiency, by adding layers to the external envelope in order to reduce its thermal transmittance.

This paper deals with the problem of minimizing costs for the thermal refurbishment of a façade with thickness and thermal transmittance bounds and with an intervention both on the opaque part (wall) and the transparent part (windows). Among thousands, even millions of combinations of materials and thicknesses for the different layers to be added to the opaque part, types of frame, and combinations of glasses and air chambers for the transparent part, the aim is to choose the one that minimizes the cost without violating any restriction imposed to the thermal refurbishment, in particular the current energy efficiency regulations in the zone.

To optimally solve this problem, it will be modelled as an Integer Linear Programming problem with binary variables. The case study will be Building 1B of the School for Building Engineering of the Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain. It was built in the late 1960s and has had a very inefficient energy consumption record. The optimal solution will be found among more than 6 million feasible solutions.