bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Photocatalytic H2 Evolution with Accelerating Surface Reaction via Ru‐Doped NiFe Hydroxide as Cocatalyst
Authors: Shao Mengmeng , Fu Shushu , Hao Shiji , Chen Min , Jin Jutao , Wang Wenlong , Qiao Xiaochang , Zhang Dexing , Shao Yangfan , Pan Hui , Wang Xiaoji
Published: December 2024

Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution via water splitting is considered as one of the most promising sustainable energy supply strategies. The cocatalyst loading method is widely applied to overcome the inefficient charge separation and sluggish surface hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of photocatalysts. Herein, we prepared the Ru‐doped NiFe layered double hydroxide (NiFe‐LDH) as a cocatalyst for g‐C3N4. We found that the photocatalytic HER activity of g‐C3N4 is obviously enhanced by the loading of Ru‐doped NiFe‐LDH, the H2 evolution rate reaches 32 µmol/h about 5 times higher than original NiFe‐LDH loaded one. Our experimental and theoretical studies reveal that the synergistic effect of NiFe‐LDH matrix and Ru dopant is the key reason for the improved photocatalytic activity, where the NiFe‐LDH matrix promotes charge separation and transfer, the Ru dopant synergistically lowers the energy barrier for surface H2 evolution reaction, then achieving excellent photocatalytic H2 evolution activity.
Third‐Generation CD73 Inhibitors Based on a 4,6‐Disubstituted‐2‐Thiopyridine Scaffold
Authors: Grosjean Félix , Shaldaeva Maria , Cros‐Perrial Emeline , Rodriguez Céline , Ghoteimi Rayane , Lebrun Aurélien , Gao Zhan‐Guo , Uttaro Jean‐Pierre , Mathé Christophe , Jacobson Kenneth A. , Petter Jordheim Lars , Ménétrier‐Caux Christine , Chaloin Laurent , Peyrottes Suzanne
Published: December 2024

Various series of 4,6‐disubstituted‐2‐thiopyridine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as potential ecto‐5’‐nucleotidase (CD73) inhibitors. Altogether, about ninety compounds were prepared using a general synthetic pathway involving one or two steps (eventually one‐pot) procedures. Variation of the nature of the substituents in positions 4 and 6 (methyl, trifluoromethyl or phenyl) of the thiopurine ring, as well as on the thiol function, was examined and led to marked differences both in term of reactivity and ability to interfere with the putative target protein. Using a functional assay on immune cells, few compounds belonging to series 4 were shown to be able to antagonize the inhibition of the T‐cell proliferation at both 100 μM and 10 μM (completely for 4 ab and partially for 4 ai), that is as potent as AOPCP which entirely reversed the inhibitory impact of exogenous ATP on T cell proliferation until 62.5 μM. In addition, we have shown that both compounds (4 ab and 4 ai) were also capable of moderately inhibiting the hA2A receptor with Ki in the μmolar range in HEK‐293 cells. Thus, with the aim to reduce the molecular size and the lipophilicity of our initial scaffold, we finally observed by serendipity a modification of the potential target of our compounds.
Pain sensitization in fibromyalgia. Cross‐sectional associations between quantitative sensory testing of pain sensitization and fibromyalgia disease burden
Authors: Pettersen Pernille Steen , Haugmark Trond , Berg Inger Jorid , Hammer Hilde Berner , Neogi Tuhina , Zangi Heidi , Haugen Ida K. , Provan Sella Aarrestad
Published: December 2024

Background

Whether fibromyalgia burden is related to measures of sensitization, assessed by quantitative sensory testing (QST), is not clear. We examine the associations between sensitization and fibromyalgia disease burden as measured by the polysymptomatic sistress scale (PDS) and the fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ) (range 0–100).

Materials and Methods

Participants were recruited from referrals to a rheumatology outpatient clinic and the fibromyalgia diagnosis was verified by a rheumatologist. They completed the PDS and FIQ and underwent QST of pressure pain threshold (PPT) at five sites, temporal summation (TS), and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) estimated as post‐stimuli/pre‐stimuli PPT. The associations between QST and disease burden were analysed in linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index.

Results

A total of 78 individuals with clinically verified fibromyalgia (90% women, mean age 40.9 years (SD 7.3)) were recruited. Overall mean PPT was associated with the FIQ total score (β‐2.1, 95% CI‐4.3, −0.0) and the function component (β‐2.1, (−4.3, −0.0)). When examining the associations between PPT at individual sites and fibromyalgia disease severity, PPTs at the distal interphalangeal joint and tibialis anterior muscle were associated with both FIQ total score and the FIQ fatigue component. All associations were weak and insignificant after Bonferroni corrections.

Conclusion

In this cohort of individuals with fibromyalgia, sensitization was not significantly associated with self‐reported disease burden. Our results point to the multifactorial nature of fibromyalgia disease severity.

Significance

In patients with fibromyalgia, commonly used measures of sensitization do not explain the symptom burden or the functional impact.
Beyond birth trauma: A scoping review on childbirth‐related post‐traumatic stress disorder and early relational health in the family system
Authors: Ettinger Sharon , Powers Nicholas J. , Geller Pamela A.
Published: December 2024

Background

To promote optimal development for families negatively impacted by traumatic birth experiences, research is needed to understand the potentially unique effects of childbirth‐related post‐traumatic stress disorder (CB‐PTSD) symptoms on early relational health (ERH) in the family system.

Objective

To examine the nature and extent of current knowledge on the effect of CB‐PTSD on early relational health of the family.

Search Strategy

We utilized previously published scoping review framework and followed PRISMA‐ScR reporting guidelines. Databases searched included Google Scholar, PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL. Search terms included Boolean strings such as “childbirth‐related PTSD” AND “mother‐infant relationship”, OR “early relational health”.

Selection Criteria

Eligible articles quantitatively assessed the predictive relationship between CB‐PTSD and an early relational health construct and adequately distinguished PTSD symptoms related to childbirth from symptoms related to other traumatic experiences.

Data Collection and Analysis

Initial search yielded N = 695 records. The final study sample included N = 22 records published from 2007 to 2023. Data were charted and synthesized based on methodological characteristics and main findings.

Main Results

Current research specifically examining adverse effects of CB‐PTSD symptoms on both the mother‐infant relationship and co‐parent relational health is limited and has produced conflicting results. Variation in study characteristics and methodology are discussed.

Conclusions

CB‐PTSD symptoms may have a significant impact on early relational health, although findings are unclear and vary by methodology used. Clinical relevance of findings related to prevention, screening, and treatment are discussed.
Wearable‐Based Personalized Exercise Heart Rate Estimation and Distribution Analysis Using Dual‐Context LSTM Model
Authors: Fan Yujie
Published: December 2024

This study introduces a novel dual‐context Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) model for personalized exercise heart rate estimation and distribution analysis based on wearable devices, addressing the limitations of existing wearable‐based methods in capturing the complex, user‐specific heart rate dynamics. Leveraging a large‐scale dataset with over 250 000 workout records, our model incorporates both immediate exercise context and historical user data through a multi‐task learning framework. The architecture features personalized embedding layers accounting for static user attributes and dynamic exercise history, significantly enhancing individualized estimations. Experimental results show that the model outperforms baseline methods, achieving a mean absolute error (MAE) of 5.2 bpm and an R2 score of 0.89, with robust predictions across various exercise types. Our analysis reveals insightful patterns in how individual characteristics and exercise history influence heart rate responses, contributing to a deeper understanding of personalized exercise physiology. These findings have important implications for developing more effective personalized fitness recommendations and health monitoring systems, advancing the fields of exercise science and personalized health technology.
Supporting foundational skills for adolescents with agency
Authors: Vaughn Margaret , Masterson Jessica
Published: December 2024

Supporting foundational skills in adolescents such as word‐level knowledge, syntactic knowledge, and morphemic knowledge are indeed vital. However, these skills alone and in isolation are not enough and do not develop without supporting students' sense of agency during literacy instruction. In this commentary, the authors explore student agency and the teaching of foundational skills to create engaged and skilled adolescent readers and writers.
Silencing N29 Regulated miR‐193b‐5p/TGFBR2 Axis to Mitigate the Progression of Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: Wu Hao , Wang Xinshuang , Yu Jing , Li Jiao , Ma Zhenhua , Sheng Xi , Yang Han , Wei Liping , Qi Xin
Published: December 2024

The study aimed to analyze differentially expressed lncRNAs in a model of cardiac hypertrophy, specially focusing on the molecular mechanisms of lncRNA NONMMUT023529 (lncRNA N29) in myocardial hypertrophy. Based on gene microarray results, RT‐qPCR validation confirmed that lncRNA N29 was significantly upregulated in TAC‐induced mice cardiac tissues. Echocardiographic assessments further verified that silencing lncRNA N29 led to a marked improvement in cardiac function, which aligned with the pathological findings revealed by H&E and Masson staining. Meanwhile, immunofluorescence staining results also confirmed that silencing lncRNA N29 effectively inhibited myocardial hypertrophy. Dual luciferase reporter assay and western blot results confirmed that lncRNA can mediate miR‐193b‐5p/TGFBR2 axis to regulate smad/2/3 expression and mitigate the progression of myocardial hypertrophy. Our findings suggested that the close association between the protective mechanism involving in the silencing lncRNA N29 in myocardial hypertrophy and miR‐193b‐5p/TGFBR2 axis. We identified that lncRNA N29 might act as a therapeutic target for the treatment of myocardial hypertrophy.
Unusual G9P[4] Rotavirus Emerged After the Dynamic Changes in Rotavirus Genotypes From Equine‐Like G3 to Typical Human G1/G3 in Indonesia
Authors: Dinana Zayyin , Doan Yen Hai , Maharani Aussie Tahta , Fitria Anisa Lailatul , Yamani Laura Navika , Juniastuti  , Wahyuni Rury Mega , Soegijanto Soegeng , Soetjipto  , Utsumi Takako , Matsui Chieko , Deng Lin , Takemae Nobuhiro , Kageyama Tsutomu , Katayama Kazuhiko , Lusida Maria Inge , Shoji Ikuo
Published: December 2024

Inter‐genogroup reassortment of Rotavirus A (RVA) strains has highlighted the spread of unusual RVA strains worldwide. We previously reported the equine‐like G3 RVA as the predominant strain in Indonesia in 2015–2016. However, since July 2017, typical human genotypes G1 and G3 have replaced these strains completely. To understand how dynamic changes in RVA occur in Indonesia, we performed a detailed epidemiological study. A total of 356 stool specimens were collected from hospitalized children in Sidoarjo, Indonesia between 2018 and 2022. Whole‐genome sequencing was performed for all 26 RVA‐positive samples using next‐generation sequencing. Twenty‐four samples were determined to be the unusual RVA G9P[4], while two were G9P[6]. Detailed analysis revealed that seven G9P[4] strains had the typical DS‐1‐like backbone, while the other strains exhibited a double‐reassortant profile (G9‐N1) on the DS‐1‐like backbone. The Bayesian evolutionary analyses suggested that the Indonesian G9P[4] strains share a common ancestor with previously reported G9P[4] strains in the VP7 and VP4 genes. G9P[4] DS‐1‐like strains were identified as the predominant genotype in Indonesia in 2021 for the first time. These results suggest that the G9P[4] strains were generated from the previous G9P[4] strains that had undergone further intra‐reassortments with the other circulating strains.
Impact of surfactin on the physicochemical properties of dough and quality of corresponding steamed bread
Authors: Wang Huifang , Wei Xinyue , Li Dengdeng , Yan Jiai , Wu Yina , Zhou Zhongkai
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

The extensive use of additives in ultra‐processed foods presents considerable health concerns. In light of the growing consumer demand for clean labels, a prominent trend is the development of multifunctional food additives that are both natural and beneficial to health. Surfactin, a compound produced by Bacillus subtilis, features both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups and is noted for its safety, emulsifying and antimicrobial properties. This compound holds significant potential as a multifunctional additive in flour‐based products. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of surfactin on the physicochemical properties of dough and the quality of steamed bread, as well as to investigate the underlying mechanisms.

RESULTS

The results showed that the addition of surfactin significantly improved its rheological properties, increased elasticity and viscosity, improved extension resistance and increased disulfide bonding content in dough (P < 0.05), subsequently stabilizing the gluten network structure. With a 0.3% surfactin addition, the digestibility of steamed bread significantly reduced. After storing for 7 days, surfactin inhibited water migration, reduced the transfer from bound water to free water, delayed starch recrystallization, improved resistance to starch retrogradation and markedly extended the shelf life in steamed bread.

CONCLUSION

The addition of surfactin improved the quality of steamed bread through stabilizing the gluten network structure and improving storage properties, presenting it as a promising natural, multifunctional food additive for flour product innovation. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Enrichment of Nanoplastics in Waters Using Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction With Magnetic Biochar Adsorbents and Their Determination by Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Wang Benzhi , Piao Ying‐ai , Zhang Zixuan , Han Tong , Jin Biao , Meng Long‐Yue
Published: December 2024

Nanoplastics (NPs) are emerging water contaminants that threaten human health and ecological security. Developing a method for detecting NPs is significant because of their biological toxicity and mobility. In this study, magnetic solid‐phase extraction (MSPE) combined with pyrolysis gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (Py‐GC/MS) was used for the pretreatment and qualitative detection of NPs in complex matrices to avoid sample dissolution and eluent usages. The developed methodology can quickly achieve low detection limits in tap and river water, with 0.7283 and 0.6474 µg/L, respectively. To enrich NPs in water, magnetic biochars derived from cornstalks (Fe3O4/BCs, i.e., Fe3O4/YMG and Fe3O4/YMG‐ZnCl2) were conveniently fabricated using activation and coprecipitation methods and employed as adsorbents for MSPE. The results indicated that the incorporation of Fe3O4 into BC not only rendered it magnetic but also enhanced the diversity of its surface functional groups and adsorption sites, making it suitable for MSPE. Fe3O4/YMG‐ZnCl2 demonstrated excellent extraction and enrichment capacity for polystyrene NPs (PSNPs) over various competitive species. Additionally, it exhibited good resistance to pH and anions, and its reaction mechanism was verified using adsorption kinetics and isothermal models. In addition, after extracting PSNPs from tap and river water using Fe3O4/YMG‐ZnCl2, they were successfully qualitatively analyzed by Py‐GC/MS.
Monthly Tourism Demand Forecasting With COVID‐19 Impact‐Based Hybrid Convolution Neural Network and Gate Recurrent Unit
Authors: Nguyen Da Thao , Li Yi‐min , Peng Chi Lu , Cho Ming‐Yuan , Nguyen Thanh‐Phuong
Published: December 2024

The accuracy of tourism demand (TD) prediction, essential for managing available resources in the tourism industry, still needs to be improved with the unreliability of traditional algorithms. This research proposes a deep learning methodology that combines the convolution neural network (CNN) and gated recurrent unit (GRU), efficiently predicting Vietnam's tourism demand. The Pearson correlation coefficients are performed to nominate the most appropriate feature inputs. The proposed algorithm is analyzed and evaluated with other benchmark approaches, comprising the recurrent neural network (RNN), the long short‐term memory (LSTM), the GRU, and the CNN. The experiments prove that the developed hybrid algorithm could outperform previous methodologies in predicting TD in some of Vietnam's provinces. The proposed algorithm could provide satisfactory predictions for tourism demand with a supreme enhancement of 77.1% MSE, 37.4% validating MSE, 46.0% MAE, 20.6% validating MAE, 76.6% MAPE, and 90.3% validating MAPE comparing across deep learning benchmarks.
Different Grey Matter Microstructural Patterns in Cognitively Healthy Versus Typical Ageing
Authors: Filip Pavel , McCarten J. Riley , Hemmy Laura , Crocker Jillian , Wolf Michael , Thotland Jeromy , Cayci Zuzan , Michaeli Shalom , Eberly Lynn E. , Terpstra Melissa , Mangia Silvia
Published: December 2024

Ageing is a complex phenomenon affecting a wide range of coexisting biological processes. The homogeneity of the studied population is an essential parameter for valid interpretations of outcomes. The presented study capitalises on the MRI data available in the Human Connectome Project–Aging (HCP‐A) and, within individuals over 55 years of age who passed the HCP‐A section criteria, compares a subgroup of 37 apparently neurocognitively healthy individuals selected based on stringent criteria with 37 age and sex‐matched individuals still representative of typical ageing but who did not pass the stringent definition of neurocognitively healthy. Specifically, structural scans, diffusion weighted imaging and T1w/T2w ratio were utilised. Furthermore, data of 26 HCP‐A participants older than 90 years as notional ‘super‐agers’ were analysed. The relationship of age and several microstructural MRI metrics (T1w/T2w ratio, mean diffusivity, intracellular volume fraction and free water volume fraction) differed significantly between typical and healthy ageing cohort in areas highly relevant for ageing such as hippocampus, prefrontal and temporal cortex and cerebellum. However, the trajectories of the healthy ageing population did not show substantially better overlap with the findings in people older than 90 than those of the typical population. Therefore, caution must be exercised in the choice of adequate study group characteristics relevant for respective ageing‐related hypotheses. Contrary to typical ageing group, the healthy ageing cohort may show generally stable levels of several MRI metrics of interest.
Determining shallow S‐Wave velocity structure and site response parameters in Gwalior basin, Central India, through microtremor measurements
Authors: Rajput Akash , Singh Ajay Pratap , Pal Sanjit Kumar , Singh Prafull
Published: December 2024

The Gwalior basin in Central India is of significant geological interest due to its diverse geological formations, tectonic history and landscape features. Its location at the boundary between the stable Indian Shield and tectonically active regions to the north and east creates unique seismotectonic and stress patterns, making it different from other areas in central India. In this study, we conducted microtremor measurements at 46 uniformly distributed sites in and around the basin to evaluate the site characteristics, including shallow shear wave velocity structure (Vs). We used Tromino 3G seismometer, with a flat frequency response from 0.1 Hz to 1024 Hz, for the microtremor measurements. Most of the study area is classified as site class D, with predominant frequencies between 1.6 Hz and 2.7 Hz and peak amplitudes ranging from 3.0 to 9.0. Our results show that predominant frequencies range from 1.5 Hz to 2.7 Hz for the Quaternary formation, 2.4 Hz to 3.5 Hz for the sandstones of the Kaimur Group and 1.6 Hz to 3.6 Hz for the Gwalior Group rocks. Higher amplitude of the HVSR is observed in the northeastern and eastern parts of the basin. We also estimated a liquefaction potential index (Kg) exceeding 10 for most of the study area, indicating vulnerability under dynamic loading. The thicker alluvium deposits in the northeastern and eastern parts associated with the Swarnarekha River are confirmed by lithological data, showing lower shear wave velocities. Our results provide key parameters for understanding the seismic hazards, which can be useful for assessing seismic risks and generating a disaster risk mitigation plan for the area.
Event‐Triggered Dissipative Control of Discrete‐Time 2‐D Switched Systems With Mixed Delays
Authors: Peng Dan , Li Shilin
Published: December 2024

In this article, we investigates the event‐triggered dissipative control problem of discrete‐time two‐dimensional (2‐D) switched systems with mixed delays. First, according to the evolution characteristics of the Fornasini–Marchesini model, a bidirectional event‐triggered mechanism (ETM) is adopted to reduce unnecessary calculation and control signal transmission. Second, an improved Lyapunov–Krasovskii function is selected, combined with Jensen inequalities and Abel lemma‐based finite‐sum inequalities, and according to the extended average dwell time method, sufficient conditions are given in the form of linear matrix inequalities to ensure the dissipative stability of the closed‐loop system under bidirectional ETM. Then, the corresponding state feedback controller and dynamic output feedback controller based on bidirectional ETM were designed to realize the dissipative control of the 2‐D switched systems. Finally, numerical examples verify the effectiveness of the controller design method.
Fault Detection and Fault Location in a Grid‐Connected Microgrid Using Optimized Deep Learning Neural Network
Authors: Karthick R. , Saravanan R. , Arulkumar P.
Published: December 2024

The significant prevalence of distributed energy resources in microgrids due to their unique characteristics and activities creates protection issues. This paper introduces fault detection and its location in an MG. The aim of the investigation is to enhance the system's efficiency and dependability, and fault detection and prediction are employed. Data are gathered from the operational Microgrid (MG) infrastructure dataset, and the data are fed to the Newton Time‐Extracting Wavelet Transform (NTEWT). It cleanses the data and enhances the input data's quality. After the preprocessed data are fed to the feature extraction by using Distorted Gaussian Matched Filtering (DGMF), it extracts the five statistical features from the voltage signal. The optimal features are fed to the Deep Attention Dilated Residual Convolutional Neural Network (DADRCNN), which predicts the faults in the microgrid. The Dung Beetle Optimization (DBO) is utilized to optimize the weight parameter of DADRCNN. The MATLAB platform is utilized to implement the proposed method. The proposed method is contrasted with various existing approaches like Graph Convolutional Network and Graph Fourier Transform (GCN‐GFT), Feed‐Forward Neural Network and Back‐Propagation Algorithm (FFNN‐BPA), and Discrete Wavelet Transform and Radial Basis Function Neural Network (DWT‐RBFN). The existing method shows a fault detection rate of 91.12, 88.80, and 84.239, and the proposed technique illustrates a fault detection rate of 99.9640, which is higher than other existing approaches. The existing method shows a false alarm rate of 0.758, 1.028, and 1.564, and the proposed technique shows a false alarm rate of 0.2519, which is lower than other existing methods. The proposed approach exhibits a reduced false alarm rate and a greater fault detection rate, it is concluded.
Mechanical behavior and fracture analysis of the cylindrical component of type‐III high‐pressure composite tanks
Authors: Avcu Adem , Seyedzavvar Mirsadegh , Boğa Cem , Choupani Naghdali
Published: December 2024

This study presents a broad investigation of the mechanical properties and fracture behavior of a type‐III high‐pressure composite tank, with an emphasis on the cylindrical section, which is critical for ensuring the safety and reliability of pressure vessels in various applications. The experimental methods included split disk tensile (SDT), curved compact tension (CCT), and pipe ring notched bending (PRNB) tests, which were used to evaluate the hoop tensile strength, fracture toughness, and critical internal pressure of the cylindrical section under different loading conditions. Finite element analysis was used to complement the experimental findings and predict the failure behavior of this section. The SDT test was performed on samples taken from the cylindrical portion of the pressure tank, and its strength and modulus of elasticity were determined. Using CCT and PRNB tests, the fracture toughness of the studied tank materials was found to be 36.90 and 35.73 MPa√m, respectively. The small difference between these results confirmed the reliability of the tests in determining fracture toughness. Analysis of critical internal pressure versus crack length in the cylindrical section emphasized the importance of crack detection and management for safe operation. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the mechanical behavior and fracture characteristics of the cylindrical part of high‐pressure composite tanks, which can contribute to their design and performance for enhanced safety and reliability in various industrial applications.

Highlights

Determining the mechanical properties of the composite tank with the SDT test.

Characterizing the fracture toughness with CCT and PRNB tests.

FE analysis of fracture behavior of high‐pressure composite tank.

Providing valuable insights to increase safety and reliability.
Reclaiming Korean queerness through the gender bender drama: Analyzing gender fluidity in “Coffee Prince” and “Secret Garden”
Authors: Wise Arin Kim
Published: December 2024

This thesis engages in a “queering” of two South Korean television dramas, “Coffee Prince,” or “커피 프린스 1호점,” aired in 2007, and “Secret Garden” or “시크릿 가든,” aired in 2010, by exploring the complex representations and visuality of gender fluidity in tandem with queer, Marxist, and postcolonial theory. “Coffee Prince” and “Secret Garden” were two dramas that found widespread popularity, but are unexplored in terms of greater theoretical and societal implications as well as queer themes. In engaging with a “queering” of these two dramas that were not seen as explicitly queer, I aim to root queerness within Korean identity and culture, therefore engaging in a radical re‐evaluation of queerness as inherent to, and supported by, Koreans, despite the fact that queer people are actively marginalized and oppressed in modern‐day Korea. This article is overall split into two parts, with each part focusing on one drama, with specific subsections in regard to each drama. I will begin with analyzing “Coffee Prince,” first establishing the ways in which the drama plays into the visuality of yaoi or BL to garner female viewership, then analyzing the drama's homosexual implications, and finally examining in detail the labor‐related circumstances of Eun‐Chan's masculinity. In the second half, I will shift focus to “Secret Garden,” exploring the ways in which Ju‐Won and Ra‐im's inability to communicate as a result of class aligns with Marxist ideas of alienation, how Ra‐im's class status and labor necessitates masculinity to be her public persona and femininity a private one, and finally the capacity for their body‐swapping to foster understanding across class boundaries as well as connections to Korean shamanism.
Fabrication and surface characterization of a novel approach for membrane electrode assembly using Nafion/PPy electrochemically coated with copper, nickel and silver
Authors: Ben Jadi Sana , El Guerraf Abdelqader , El Fazdoune Mina , Bahend Khadija , Oubella Maryem , Bazzaoui El Arbi , Wang Rongguang , Bazzaoui Mohammed
Published: December 2024

A novel approach is developed for the preparation of a membrane electrode assembly with low methanol crossover, designed for application in direct methanol fuel cells. This method involves a two‐step process starting with the modification of a Nafion membrane through chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole, using FeCl3 as an oxidant. Subsequently, galvanostatic electrodeposition of several metals (copper, nickel and silver) was performed on the previously prepared composite membrane (polypyrrole–Nafion). Scanning electron microscopy was conducted to examine the growth evolution, morphology and distribution of the deposited polypyrrole and metals. Additionally, X‐ray photoelectron analysis enabled for the identification of elemental composition and chemical states within the coating to confirm the growth evolution, morphology and oxide phases present in the coatings, as well as their structural characteristics. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Comparisons of Whole Saliva and Cell Free Saliva by DIA‐Based Proteome Profiling
Authors: Jiao Ling‐ling , Dong Hui‐lin , Qin Yan‐hua , Zhu Jun , Wu Peng‐lin , Liu Jing , Cao Yi , Wu Chang‐jian , Zhang Yuan , Cao Fan , Li Feng , Zhu Huai‐yuan
Published: December 2024

Background

Saliva has emerged as a promising diagnostic resource due to its accessibility, noninvasiveness, and repeatability, enabling early disease detection and timely intervention. However, current studies often overlook the distinction between whole saliva (WS) and cell‐free saliva (CFS).

Objective

This study aims to compare the proteomic profiles of WS and CFS.

Method and result

The saliva was detected with and without low‐abundance protein enrichment using nanoparticles, employing DIA‐MS technology. Our findings reveal a substantial enhancement in the detectability of low‐abundance proteins in saliva with utilization of nanoparticles, enabling identification of 12%–15% low‐abundance proteins previously undetectable in WS or CFS. In total, 3817 saliva proteins were identified, with 3413 found in WS and 2340 in CFS. More interestingly, we found that it was not the similarity of the samples that did the clustering, but rather it depended more on the different detection methods and sample types. And the predominant functions of the identified proteins in WS were related to oxidative phosphorylation and neurodegenerations, whereas those in CFS were primarily associated with nitrogen and glycosaminoglycan metabolism. And both exhibited functions in immune response and proteasome.

Conclusion

This study represents the first comparison of WS and CFS, providing valuable experimental evidence for guiding the selection of research subjects in future saliva omics studies.
Beta‐Caryophyllene Augments Radiotherapy Efficacy in GBM by Modulating Cell Apoptosis and DNA Damage Repair via PPARγ and NF‐κB Pathways
Authors: Chan Hui‐Wen , Lin Wei‐Chan , Kuo Deng‐Yu , Chuang Hui‐Yen
Published: December 2024

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain malignancy with limited treatment options. Radiotherapy (RT) is often used for treating unresectable GBM; however, the outcomes are often limited due to the radioresistance of GBM. Therefore, the discovery of potential radiosensitizers to enhance GBM responses to RT is crucial. Beta‐caryophyllene (BCP), a natural cannabinoid, promotes cancer apoptosis by upregulating the PPARγ signaling pathway and can cross the blood–brain barrier due to its lipophilic nature. This study aimed to evaluate the radiosensitizing potential of BCP in GBM cells. U87MG and GL261 cells and a GL261 tumor‐bearing model were treated with RT, BCP, or both. Treatment efficacy was assessed using the MTT assay and tumor growth tracking, and the underlying mechanisms were investigated using western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and other analyses. BCP synergistically enhanced the efficacy of RT in cell culture, as evidenced by the combination index determined through the MTT assay. This enhancement was mediated by the BCP‐induced deceleration of DNA damage repair, as demonstrated by sustained γH2AX signal, upregulated PPARγ levels, and reduced expression of pAKT, pERK, and NF‐κB, indicating apoptosis induction and inhibition of survival pathways. BCP significantly inhibited tumor growth in GL261 tumor‐bearing mice with no discernible side effects. These findings indicate that BCP may serve as a potential radiosensitizer for improving RT outcomes in GBM by inhibiting DNA repair, inducing apoptosis, and suppressing anti‐apoptotic and survival pathways.
Unexpected pulmonary edema following sitting position craniotomy: A venous air embolism complication
Authors: Daqour Ahmed , Fraij Abdalkareem , Khawaja Dina , Hussain Tassnim , Mabhouh Tawfiq , Salahaldin Mohammad , Saifi Motaz , Abuawad Mohammad
Published: December 2024

We report a case of a 42‐year‐old female who had non‐cardiogenic pulmonary edema following a setting position craniotomy to remove a left cerebellar pontine angle mass. During the operation, the patient experienced a sudden drop in her end‐tidal CO2 levels, which needed an immediate intervention. After ruling out other potential causes, we determined that air venous embolism was the cause of this unexpected and serious complication. However, the condition was self‐limited and resolved with supportive treatment after approximately 1 week. This case highlights the importance of recognizing and managing the unexpected complications of venous air embolism, as well as how prompt intervention and supportive treatment are critical for improving patient outcomes.
Blacking any Material Surface by Amyloid‐Fortified Carbon Coating Toward High‐Performance Large‐Scale Solar Steam Generation System
Authors: Wu Yage , Li Ling , Chen Xiaojie , Wang Zhengge , Yao Bowen , Zhao Jian , Yang Peng
Published: December 2024

Enhancing the interfacial adhesion between carbon‐based coatings and substrates through a simple method remains a challenge, mainly due to the intrinsic chemical inertness of carbon materials. Herein, a carbon nanosphere‐based coating utilizing an amyloid‐like protein aggregation strategy is developed, involving only the reaction of protein, reductant, and carbon nanospheres in an aqueous solution at room temperature. The resultant coating, enriched in amyloid‐like protein structures, features both robust interfacial adhesion and high light absorption (≈98.5%) covering the entire UV/Vis to NIR regions. Adhesion energy between the coating and the glass exceeds 5436 J m−2, which is at least five times higher than those polymer‐reinforced carbon‐based coatings. Combining the strong adhesion and excellent photothermal conversion performance of this coating, a solar steam generation system is constructed with a water treatment capacity of 13.01 kg m−2 d−1, which is sufficient to provide daily supply for tens of people. Importantly, the photothermal conversion unit can be repeatedly cleaned and rolled up for storage, which is beneficial for the construction of portable devices. This work provides a facile and valuable method for preparing carbon‐based coatings with strong interfacial adhesion, exhibiting great promise in energy conversion and storage, flexible wearable sensors, photothermal therapy, and so on.
Precision Forging Approach for Metal Iron Seat of Railway Track Based on Reversed Bending in Preforming Design
Authors: Ding Jinfu , Yu Huihui , Wang Chengwu , Yu Anmu , Jiang Xinyang , Yao Tangwei , Tian Jinghong
Published: December 2024

To address the challenges of precision forging for iron seats on railway track, a refined forging method is proposed, involving multiple preforming processes such as arch‐shape reversed bending, warping angle formation, arched shape flattening, warping angle flattening, and reshaping. The dovetail groove in the middle of the iron seat is supposed as a plate structure. Based on the bending and forming theory of plate structure, a physical model of multistep preforming based on reversed bending is first established to analyze the entire forging process, including reversed bending, flattening, and reshaping. Then, focus is placed on studying the neutral stress layer position after the reversed bending during the flattening process of the central dovetail groove, to ensure forging accuracy. The distribution state of the neutral stress layer during the flattening process of the dovetail groove is simulated via professional simulation software Deform; therefore, the position of the neutral stress layer during flattening is plotted. Results show that the theoretical curvature radius of the stress‐neutral layer during the flattening process of arch‐shaped dovetail groove is 33.07 mm, and the stress‐neutral layer is located at 0.37 of the total thickness of the bent plate near the large arc surface, while the simulated neutral layer is at 0.36 of the total thickness of the bent plate near the large arc surface, with an error of only 2.7%. Additionally, at a simulation temperature of 950–1000 °C, the theoretical length of iron seat bottom after flattening is 122.34 mm; meanwhile, the length of the simulated neutral layer at the bottom of the dovetail groove is 122.32 mm, indicating good agreement with its theoretical length. The reversed bending preforming design method not only solves the technical challenges of precision forging for iron seats, but also provides an important reference for the precision forging of other complex structural components.
Isolation, Modification, and Characterization of Starches from Hawthorn yam (Dioscorea rotundata) Grown in Colombia: Bromatological Composition and Structural Analysis
Authors: Rodríguez‐Manrique Jhonatan Andrés , Salcedo‐Mendoza Jairo , Chávez‐Salazar Andrés , Cortés‐Rodríguez Misael , Castellanos‐Galeano Francisco Javier
Published: December 2024

The objective is to evaluate the structural and bromatological modifications of hawthorn yam starch modified chemically with 2‐octenyl‐succinic anhydrous (OSA) and enzymatically with amyloglucosidase (AMG). Methodologically, the bromatological composition, amylose, amylopectin and starch contents, degree of crystallinity, particle size distribution and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of native starch, OSA, and AMG from Colombian hawthorn yam were determined. The results indicated higher protein (0.99 ± 0.24%) and fiber (2.00 ± 0.02%) content for the native; higher ash (0.78 ± 0.05%), reducing sugars (66.89 ± 9.10%), sodium (126.31 ± 0.32 mg 100 g−1), iron (1.29 ± 0.01 mg 100 g−1), calcium (72.56 ± 0.35 mg 100 g−1), and copper (3.46 ± 0.02 mg 100 g−1) for OSA. AMG presented the highest manganese content (4.49 ± 0.04 mg 100 g−1). OSA reduced amylose content. AMG presented a larger particle size. In OSA, peaks were identified between 1558 and 1720 cm−1, corresponding to new carbonyl groups (CO) of the octenyl‐succinyl radical. The results indicate that modification with OSA leads to structural alterations that can promote yam starch as an additive to formulate emulsions or colloidal systems during the development of microencapsulated products for the pharmaceutical or food industry.
A Kampo medicine, choreito, evaluated on female lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) with bladder pain
Authors: Takei Mineo , Tokita Yohei , Hamaguchi Marie , Aishima Manami , Ichikura Sachiko , Okabe Ayami , Naito Seiji , Yokomizo Akira
Published: December 2024

Aim

Choreito (CRT) is a pharmaceutical‐grade Kampo medicine and has been widely prescribed for patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and cystitis in Japan. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of CRT in patients with persisting bladder pain.

Methods

This study was an open‐label, single‐arm exploratory study (Registration No. jRCTs071190017), and CRT was administered orally for eight weeks in addition to the standard therapy. The primary end‐point was the change in Core Lower Urinary Symptoms Score (CLSS) Q9 (bladder pain) from baseline to eight weeks after treatment. The secondary end‐points were all items of CLSS, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), numerical rating scale of bladder pain, uroflowmetry, residual urine volume test, bladder diary and Overall Treatment Efficacy (OTE).

Results

In all, 13 female LUTS patients with bladder pain were enrolled. In the primary end‐point, CLSS Q9 (bladder pain) score significantly decreased at the point of week 8. Among secondary end‐points, IPSS Q7 (nocturia) has significantly decreased at weeks 4 and 8 compared with week 0. The numerical rating scale of bladder pain has significantly decreased at week 4. The 24‐hr urine volume significantly increased at week 8. However, no statistically significant changes in other subscores were observed. In satisfaction with CRT treatment according to OTE, 53.8% of patients reported “slightly improved.” There were no adverse drug reactions from CRT.

Conclusion

We concluded that CRT has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy for bladder pain. CRT could be potentially a useful add‐on treatment for patients persisting with bladder pain.
Angus Robertson Callegari
Authors: Miller Andrew , McLean Hamish
Published: December 2024

Known for his wit and humour, he was a well‐respected vet. In retirement, he travelled extensively.
Pulsed laser directed energy deposition of super duplex stainless steel: engineering microstructure and improving mechanical properties
Authors: Sayyar Navid , Tucho Wakshum Mekonnen , Hansen Vidar
Published: December 2024

Alloys developed by fusion-based additive manufacturing often suffer from the coarse columnar grain structure and their effect on properties. This work involves the practical application of pulsed laser in laser-based directed energy deposition (DED-LB) of super duplex stainless steel which led to engineering the microstructure, improving the mechanical properties, and changing the dominant texture. Pulsed laser DED-LB (here P-DED) with laser spot sizes of 1 and 2 mm and different frequencies were used. Refine-grained ferritic steels containing porosity were produced when using a small laser spot size. Ferrite-to-austenite (α → γ) transformation was constrained to the grain boundaries under the effect of small excitation overlaps. Using broader laser, higher energy input, and ultra-short pulse intervals encouraged γ nucleation, promoted the density, and decreased the content of undesirable oxides that are typically formed during the conventional DED-LB (here C-DED). The local ferritization under the fusion lines of C-DED was avoided by P-DED. Directionally solidified α, extending into several layers, was inhibited by P-DED with optimum overlap. Enhanced supercooling resulted in an in situ grain refinement and columnar-to-equiaxed morphological transition. Defect-free microstructure and effective distribution of interphase boundary surface by P-DED, with a laser spot size of 2 mm and ⁓99% excitation overlap, largely improved the toughness and elongation (with acceptable strength). Pulse-induced convection and isotropic heat flow during P-DED with smaller laser spot size subsided the trend of preferred orientation. However, an alignment of < 001 > α with deposition direction during P-DED with the broader laser preserved the typical {001} < 100 > solidification texture and, consequently, the transformation texture.
A short note on GIA related surface gravity versus height changes in Fennoscandia
Authors: Bagherbandi Mohammad , Sjöberg Lars E.
Published: December 2024

Vertical land motion and the redistribution of masses within and on the surface of the Earth affect the Earth’s gravity field. Hence, studying the ratio between temporal changes of the surface gravity

$$\left( {\dot{g}} \right)$$

g
˙

and height (

$$\dot{h}$$

h
˙

) is important in geoscience, e.g., for reduction of gravity observations, assessing satellite gravimetry missions, and tuning vertical land motion models. Sjöberg and Bagherbandi (2020) estimated a combined ratio of

$$\dot{g}/\dot{h}$$

g
˙

/

h
˙

in Fennoscandia based on relative gravity observations along the 63 degree gravity line running from Vågstranda in Norway to Joensuu in Finland, 688 absolute gravity observations observed at 59 stations over Fennoscandia, monthly gravity data derived from the GRACE satellite mission between January 2003 and August 2016, as well as a land uplift model. The weighted least-squares solution of all these data was

$$\dot{g}/\dot{h}$$

g
˙

/

h
˙

 =  − 0.166 ± 0.011 μGal/mm, which corresponds to an upper mantle density of about 3402 ± 95 kg/m3. The present note includes additional GRACE data to June 2017 and GRACE Follow-on data from June 2018 to November 2023. The resulting weighted least-squares solution for all data is

$$\dot{g}/\dot{h}$$

g
˙

/

h
˙

 =  − 0.160 ± 0.011 μGal/mm, yielding an upper mantle density of about 3546 ± 71 kg/m3. The outcomes show the importance of satellite gravimetry data in Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) modeling and other parameters such as land uplift rate. Utilizing a longer time span of GRACE and GRACE Follow-on data allows us to capture fine variations and trends in the gravity-to-height ratio with better precision. This will be useful for constraining and adjusting GIA models and refining gravity observations.
ECMO-weaning facilitated by neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA): a case for principal clarification
Authors: Heinold F. , Moerer O. , Harnisch L. O.
Published: December 2024

The use of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) has become increasingly prevalent, particularly in respiratory disease pandemics such as H1N1-influenza and SARS-CoV-2. This surge has emphasized the importance of clear therapy recommendations, improved accessibility to ECMO technology, established ECMO teams, and structured networks to ensure access to specialized care throughout the course of the disease for patients with severe ARDS. Although the initiation criteria for VV-ECMO are well defined, treatment strategies while on ECMO regarding e.g., ventilator management or ECMO weaning strategies remain variable and with lack of consensus. NAVA (Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist), as an assisted mechanical ventilation modality, offers real-time electromyographic feedback, which has been shown to enhance prolonged weaning processes from mechanical ventilation. We present a case of penetrating thoracic trauma complicated by ARDS, successfully managed with VV-ECMO. NAVA was employed to monitor and facilitate ECMO. This approach integrates ECMO weaning with ventilation settings, considering both gas exchange lung function, such as carbon dioxide removal, and respiratory mechanics in the form of neuromuscular coupling. This is a new approach to VV-ECMO weaning. More research is planned to validate the efficacy of this method in conjunction with additional parameters, such as diaphragm activity evaluated sonographically in a randomized design. This case underscores the potential of NAVA in VV-ECMO weaning, offering a promising avenue for optimizing patient care and outcomes.
Towards an Ethical Analysis of Research in One Health (EAROH)
Authors: Lederman Zohar
Published: December 2024

The COVID-19 and Monkeypox pandemics and the ongoing Marburg outbreak in Rwanda provide a stark reminder of the importance of espousing a One Health (OH) approach to zoonoses as well as other public health and global health issues. Recent years have in fact seen an exponential rise in biomedical and public health journals and publications explicitly adopting the name of OH. Not all research that pertains to be OH however is indeed OH research, insofar as it does not comply with the proclaimed OH goals of benefiting humans, animals, and the environment. Thus, to ensure such compliance a checklist or toolkit for an ethical analysis of research in OH (EAROH) should be required prior to publication in scientific journals or grant applications. Such a toolkit should be developed by a working group of scholars with expertise in OH ethics, animal ethics, and environmental ethics.