bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Underwater Target Recognition Technology Based on Neural Network
Authors: Guan Zhiguang , Hou Chenglong , Zhou Siqi , Guo Ziyi
Published: April 2022

At present, the underwater environment required by the seafood aquaculture industry is very bad, and the fishing operation is completed artificially. In this environment, the use of machine fishing instead of artificial fishing is the development trend in the future. By comparing the characteristics of different algorithms, the multiscale Retinex algorithm (autoMSRCR) is selected to deal with image color skew, blur, atomization, and other problems. Labelimg software is used to annotate underwater targets in the image and make data sets. Of these, 20% are used as test sets, 70% as training sets, and 10% as verification sets. The target detection network of You Only Look Once Version4 (YOLOv4) based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) is adopted in this paper. The main feature extraction network adopts CSPDarknet53 structure, and the feature fusion network adopts SSP, and PANet network carries out sampling and convolution operations. The prediction output of extracted features is carried out through YoloHead network. After training the recognition model of the training sets, the detection effect is obtained by testing the data of the test sets. The identification accuracy of sea cucumber and sea urchin is 90.8% and 87.76%, respectively. Experiments show that the target detection network model can accurately identify the specified underwater organisms in the underwater environment.
Cryptanalysis of an Efficient and Secure Certificateless Aggregate Signature-Based Authentication Scheme for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Yang Xiaodong , Chen Aijia , Wang Zhisong , Du Xiaoni , Wang Caifen
Published: April 2022

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) apply the Internet of Things technology to provide secure communication among the vehicles, thereby improving the safe driving of vehicles, the utilization of traffic resources, and the efficiency of information services. Due to the openness and vulnerability of wireless networks in VANETs, messages in sharing and transmission are easily attacked and destroyed. Therefore, a large number of schemes for VANETs were proposed to protect the privacy of vehicles and ensure the authentication, integrity, and nonrepudiation of messages. However, most of these schemes have serious security flaws or poor performance issues. Recently, Thumbur et al. presented an efficient certificateless aggregate signature-based authentication scheme for VANETs and then gave the detailed security proof (IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 1908–1920, 2021). In this article, we analyze the security of Thumbur et al.’s scheme and demonstrate that it has significant security problems. Specifically, their scheme cannot resist public key replacement attacks from external adversaries, and it is not secure against coalition attacks from malicious vehicles. Then, we improve Thumbur et al.’s scheme to address the security weaknesses. According to the security and performance analysis, the improved scheme enhances the security while maintaining the performance of the original scheme.
A Comparison of Lower Dental Arch Changes Using Two Types of Space Regainers: A Removable Appliance with a Distalizing Screw and a Fixed Double-Banded Appliance
Authors: Enteghad Shabnam , Golfeshan Farzaneh , Sardarian Ahmadreza , Navaei Hooman
Published: April 2022

Aim. The aim of this study was to compare lower dental arch changes using two types of space regainers, including a removable appliance with a distalizing screw and a fixed double-banded appliance. Methods and Materials. In this case-control study, the study sample was comprised of thirty-eight children with mixed dentitions, all of whom had unilateral space deficiency due to premature loss of the second deciduous molar in the mandibular arch. Patients were treated with either a removable appliance with a distalizing screw or a fixed double-banded space regainer (DBSR) (n = 19). Pre- and posttreatment dental casts and lateral cephalograms of patients were evaluated to compare the effects of the two space-regaining devices on the mandibular dental arch. The data were analyzed using paired and independent t-tests. Results. Available space, molar angle, IMPA, and the first molar distance to the mandibular plane and symphysis increased significantly in both groups (P<0.001). The mean amount of IMPA changes was significantly greater in the distalizing screw group than in the DBSR group (P<0.05). But, there were no statistically significant differences between the mean changes of available space, molar angle, and the first molar distance to the mandibular plane and symphysis in the distalizing screw and the DBSR group (P<0.05). The DBSR group’s treatment time was significantly shorter (P<0.001). Conclusion. The removable device with a distalizing screw and the DBSR were both able to regain mild-to-moderate unilateral space loss, achieving an increase in molar angle, IMPA, and molar extrusion. However, treatment time with the DBSR was shorter and with less incisor tipping as a side effect.
Analysis of the Most Common Aviation Weather Hazard and Its Key Mechanisms over the Yangon Flight Information Region
Authors: Oo K. T. , Oo K. L.
Published: April 2022

The aviation industry has a global economic impact of $2.7 trillion (including direct, indirect, induced, and tourism catalytic effects) and contributes 3.6 percent of global GDP. Weather is one of the most essential elements impacting how an aircraft runs and how safely it can fly. The correlation coefficient is the most significant index explaining the relationship between variables and can result in teleconnection patterns of climate indices. El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and India Ocean Dipole (IOD) were used in this study based on the ERA5 reanalysis dataset for 30 years (1991–2020). Myanmar’s Yangon International Airport has recorded more than 119874 times of observation data from 2009 to 2019. The mean percentage of occurrences of weather elements is calculated for each month and each season. Analysis of flight delay and accident data was obtained statistically from the Aviation Safety Network (ASN). According to the monthly delay index, July, August, and March are the maximum delay index months, and the correlation value between aircraft movement and delays is maximum in July and August and minimum in January and February. After examining numerous characteristics of Yangon International Airport, we identified which elements had a big impact on operations through vital interviews with operators, the accident case study section, and climatology analysis. As a result, we identified two meteorological occurrences: thunderstorm rain (TSRA) and fog (FG) are of high frequency and TSRA poses a larger risk than FG for aviation operation. The maximum frequency (%) of thunderstorm occurrences was 22% in July and the minimum was 1% in January. Annual frequency analysis revealed that TSRA days are becoming more common year after year as a result of global climate change. According to a spatial gridded analysis by ERA5 reanalysis data (1991–2020), the annual convective available potential energy (CAPE) values over local airport regions, the Bay of Bengal (BOB), the western equatorial Pacific, and the South China Sea show a positive correlation with convective rainfall. In contrast, negative convective inhibition (CIN) anomalies have been observed over the same areas as above, except for the western part of BOB along the Indian Coast. The primary innovation is that we look at the effects of thunderstorms on airport operations before determining their link with ENSO and the IOD individually and then combining them during their full phases. This raises a new question and a new possibility for viewing climatology from a new perspective.
Short-Term Postoperative Pain and Function of Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Discectomy versus Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy for Single-Segment Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhu Weihao , Yao Yu , Hao Jie , Li Wenbin , Zhang Feng
Published: April 2022

Objective. Spinal surgery is gradually moving toward minimally invasive surgery, but there is still some lack of knowledge about the Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic (UBE) technique that has been hotly debated in recent years. We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify whether UBE is superior to percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) for relieving short-term postoperative pain and promoting functional recovery. Methods. Computer searches of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang databases were performed to search for studies on UBE versus PELD for single-segment lumbar disc herniation (ssLDH) from the time of database construction to Mar. 2022, and two investigators independently performed literature screening and data extraction, and evaluation of the quality of the included studies was observed as operation time, complications, and visual analogue scale (VAS) at each preoperative and postoperative stage as well as Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and meta-analysis was performed by applying the Review Manager 5.4 software. Results. Meta-analysis showed that PELD had shorter operation time (

MD
=
35.36

, 95% CI (4.67, 66.04),

P
=
0.02

) and had lower VAS of back pain at 3 days postoperatively (

MD
=
0.62

, 95% CI (0.04, 1.19),

P
=
0.04

) compared to the UBE. However, there was no statistical significance between the two groups in terms of complications (

MD
=
2.53

, 95% CI (0.40, 16.11),

P
=
0.33

), VAS of back pain at 30 days postoperatively (

MD
=
0.05

, 95% CI (-0.19, 0.28),

P
=
0.70

), VAS of leg pain at 3 days postoperatively (

MD
=
0.21

, 95% CI (-0.20, 0.61),

P
=
0.33

), VAS of leg pain at 30 days postoperatively (

MD
=
0.09

, 95% CI (-0.29, 0.46),

P
=
0.65

), and ODI at 30 days postoperatively (

MD
=
−
0.81

, 95% CI (-3.03, 1.41),

P
=
0.47

). Conclusions. Current evidence suggests that both UBE and PELD are effective in relieving short-term postoperative pain and promoting functional recovery, and there is no difference in complications between them; UBE requires longer operation time, and PELD may be superior in relieving immediate postoperative pain. This trial is registered with PROSPERO ID: CRD42021287810.
Localized and Generalized Skin Adverse Drug Reactions to Nadroparin Calcium Injection in 6 Cases of Pregnant Women
Authors: Chen Ting , Lan Liling , Sun Wenwen , Yu Jia , Lu Baozhen , Chen Lijie , Sun Liwei , Yu Zhendong , Wu Bo , Xiong Ying
Published: April 2022

Background. Despite the increasing number of skin adverse drug reactions caused by nadroparin calcium have been reported, mostly, little is known regarding of their details of clinical characteristics, especially for generalized skin adverse drug reactions. We sought to evaluate localized and generalized characteristics of the skin adverse drug reaction to nadroparin calcium injection in pregnant women. Methods. A retrospective study was conducted on 6 pregnant women, who experienced localized and generalized skin adverse drug reactions during long-term nadroparin calcium injection. The patients’ clinical and imaging information were retrieved from medical records. The skin prick test, patch test, and intradermal test were performed after they stopped lactation. Causality assessment of suspected adverse drug reactions was performed on these cases. Results. The average total dose of nadroparin calcium injection in the 6 cases was 64.17 ± 22.66. Localized skin adverse drug reaction, manifested as erythema at the injection point, appeared after 47.5 ± 17.4 days of subcutaneous injection of nadroparin calcium. Generalized urticaria-like lesions, progressing from the injection site on the abdomen, appeared in 5.17 ± 3.60 days after the first appearance of localized reaction, while laboratory test results revealed essential peripheral blood eosinophilia. All rashes in the 6 cases subsided in 2–5 weeks after drug withdrawal. After delivery, 5 of 6 cases received complete skin tests to evaluate drug hypersensitivity. Results presented positive in the intradermal test within 7 days. Both the skin prick test and skin patch test were negative. Localized skin reactions and generalized urticaria-like adverse drug reactions were considered as definitely and probably caused by nadroparin calcium injection, respectively. Conclusion. Subcutaneous injection of nadroparin calcium in pregnant women appears to be at risk of localized and generalized urticaria-like adverse drug reaction. It is important to follow up the pregnant woman during nadroparin calcium injection for evaluating adverse drug reactions. Timely detection of symptoms is pivotal in early diagnosis and treatment of adverse drug reactions.
The NAO Variability Prediction and Forecasting with Multiple Time Scales Driven by ENSO Using Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Mu Bin , Li Jing , Yuan Shijin , Luo Xiaodan
Published: April 2022

Machine learning methods have now become an optional technique in Earth science research, and such data-driven solutions have also made tremendous progress in weather forecasting and climate prediction in recent years. Since climate data are typically time series, the neural network layers, which can identify the intrinsic connections between the points of the sequence and features in two-dimensional data, perform particularly well for climate prediction. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is a prominent atmospherical mode in the northern hemisphere, with the frequency change characteristic of sea level pressure (SLP) in the North Atlantic sector. One of the reasons why NAO prediction is still challenging is that NAO is also proven to be influenced by other climate circulations, the most significant of which is the interaction between El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and NAO. Therefore, sea surface temperature (SST) in the Pacific Ocean used to characterize ENSO is also one of the factors that contribute to the evolution of NAO and can be used as an input factor to predict the NAO. In this paper, the seasonal lag correlation between ENSO and NAO is explored and analyzed. The interaction has been considered in both short-term forecasting and midterm prediction of the NAO variability. The monthly NAO index (NAOI) fluctuation is predicted using the Niño indices based on the RF-Var model, and the accuracy achieves 68% when the lead time is about three months. In addition, integrating multiple physical variables directly related to the NAO and Pacific SST, the short-term NAO forecasting is conducted using a multi-channel neural network named AccNet with trajectory gated recursive unit (TrajGRU) layer. AccNet has the ability to identify the mechanism of the high-frequency variation in several days, and the NAO variability is indicated by SLP. The loss function of AccNet is set to anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC), which is the indicator that verifies spatial correlation in geoscience. Forecasting extreme events of NAO between 2010 and 2021, AccNet presents higher flexibility compared against other structures that can capture spatial-temporal features.
Research on Fault Diagnosis Method of Rolling Bearing Based on Feature Optimization and Self-Adaptive SVM
Authors: Mao Min , Zhou Chengjiang , Yang Jingzong , Fang Bin , Liu Fang , Liu Xiaoping
Published: April 2022

Aiming at the problems of the difficulty of extracting the fault sensitive features in the mixed domain of bearings under complex working conditions and the lack of self-adaptability of support vector machine (SVM) parameters, to solve these problems, we investigate a diagnosis method combining optimal feature selection and self-adaptive SVM. Firstly, the optimal feature space through multicluster feature selection (MCFS) is constructed. Then, the differential evolution (DE) strategy is used to improve the search performance of gray wolf optimizer (GWO) to improve the diagnosis accuracy of SVM and make it strong self-adaptability. The experimental results show that, with a small number of sensitive features containing significant category differences, the proposed method not only guarantees the construction of the optimal feature space under the minimum feature dimension, but also greatly improves the accuracy of fault recognition. Simultaneously, compared with the traditional feature reduction method (PCA), the proposed MCFS combined diagnosis model improves the accuracy from 98.5% to 100% with 1.5%. Concurrently, compared with MPA-SVM, GWO-SVM, and PSO-SVM, the convergence performance is improved by 61.54%, 78.26%, and 92.64%, respectively. It can seek the best classification performance in the shortest time. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are fully verified.
Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vivo Cytokinome Profile of IL-12-Loaded PLGA Nanospheres
Authors: Lacinski Ryan A. , Markel Justin E. , Noore Jabeen , Pratt Hillary G. , Lindsey Brock A.
Published: April 2022

We report the successful encapsulation and elution of recombinant murine IL-12 (rmIL-12) from poly(lactide-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanospheres (IL-12-NS) synthesized using the double emulsion/solvent evaporation (DESE) technique with microsphere depletion through ultracentrifugation. Images obtained with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showcased a characteristic spherical shape with a mean particle diameter of138.1±10.8 nmand zeta potential of−15.1±1.249 mV. These values suggest minimal flocculation when in solution, which was reflected in an in vivo biodistribution study that reported no observed morbidity/mortality. Encapsulation efficiency (EE) was determined to be0.101±0.009%with average particle concentration obtained per batch of1.66×109±4.45×108particles/mL. Disparate zeta (ζ) potentials obtained from both protein-loaded and protein-unloaded batches suggested surface adsorption of protein, and confocal microscopy of BSA-FITC-loaded nanospheres confirmed the presence of protein within the polymeric shell. Furthermore, elution of rmIL-12 from IL-12-NS at a concentration of 500 million particles/mL was characterized using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). When IL-12-NS was administered in vivo to female BALB/c mice through retroorbital injection, IL-12-NS produced a favorable systemic cytokine profile for tumoricidal activity within the peripheral blood. Whereas IFN-γ nadir occurred at 72 hours, levels recovered quickly and displayed positive correlations postburst out to 25 days postinjection. IL-12-NS administration induced proinflammatory changes while prompting minimal counterregulatory increases in anti-inflammatory IL-10 and IL-4 cytokine levels. Further, while IL-6 levels increased to 30 folds of the baseline during the burst phase, they normalized by 72 hours and trended negatively throughout the sill phase. Similar trends were observed with IL-1β and CXCL-1, suggesting a decreased likelihood of progression to a systemic inflammatory response syndrome-like state. As IL-12-NS delivers logarithmically lower amounts of IL-12 than previously administered during human clinical trials, our data reflect the importance of IL-12-NS which safely create a systemic immunostimulatory environment.
Design and Analysis of Remote Tourism Teaching and Training System Based on Adaptive Virtual Queue Algorithm
Authors: Wang Jian
Published: April 2022

In the traditional tourism teaching mode, the teaching activities between teachers and students are restricted by the teaching mode and teaching methods. This model fails to use efficient methods to improve students' learning ability, and students cannot communicate after class to improve their ability. Therefore, the adaptive virtual queue algorithm is introduced in the design of the remote tourism teaching and training system. During the design of the remote tourism teaching and training system, the adaptive virtual queue algorithm can be used to collect business data information with network technology and sensors and other equipment. The data information is stored in the constructed remote tourism teaching and training system. Finally, the experimental results show that the remote tourism teaching training system designed in this article can effectively improve students' learning efficiency by 95%, which effectively verifies that the training system can effectively improve the students' ability of independent learning and extracurricular communication through the use of this training system.
Chemical Components, Antioxidant Activity, and Glycemic Response Values of Purple Sweet Potato Products
Authors: Nurdjanah Siti , Nurdin Samsu Udayana , Astuti Sussi , Manik Venni Elsa
Published: April 2022

Purple sweet potato is a source of starch with high potential to be developed as a functional food. It can be boiled and consumed as a snack or processed into intermediate goods such as flour. The flour can then be modified through partial gelatinization and followed by a retrogradation process to produce resistant starch-rich purple sweet potato flour. The study was aimed at obtaining the glycemic response values of purple sweet potato products, namely, boiled purple sweet potatoes (BSP), purple sweet potato noodles (SPN), and resistant starch-rich purple sweet potato noodles (RSPN). SPN was prepared from conventional purple sweet potato flour, whereas RSPN was made from resistant starch-rich purple sweet potato flour. Moreover, water, ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrate; total phenolic, anthocyanin, and resistant starch contents; and the rate of hydrolysis of starch were evaluated. Ten subjects were involved in the estimation of glycemic response determined by the area under the curve (AUC) of the blood glucose after consuming products. Glucose syrup was used as a reference. The glycemic response data were processed using ANOVA and further tested using LSD at

p
<
0.05

. The results showed RSPN had the lowest glycemic index value if compared to BSP and SPN (58.7, 63.5, and 83.7) and fell under food with medium GI, but the differences were not statistically significant. RSPN and SPN were classified as medium GI; however, the process of partial gelatinization followed by retrogradation during the preparation of flour used for raw material in making RSPN has successfully maintained the total phenol and anthocyanin and increased resistant starch content of the noodle Processing of purple sweet potato flour into noodle lowered the GI category, and when the flour was partially gelatinized and retrograded, the noodle had more potentiality as a functional food due to their high total phenolic and anthocyanin content.
Effects of Silicone Mattress Combined with Hydrocolloid Dressing on Pressure Ulcers and Phlebitis in ICU Patients with Liver Failure
Authors: Chen Suhong , Wang Yonggang , Huang Shun , Wu Dan , Li Yinyin , Zhong Zhiqiang , Xue Yajin , Li Huanxin , Mu Jinsong
Published: April 2022

Objective. This study was aimed at clarifying the application effect of silicone mattress combined with hydrocolloid dressing in ICU patients with liver failure. Methods. A total of 86 patients with liver failure admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from September 2018 to September 2020 were selected as the research subjects. Patients treated with conventional sponge mattress and routine nursing care were included in group A (

n
=
43

), and those treated with silicone mattress combined with hydrocolloid dressing were included in group B (

n
=
43

). The incidence of pressure ulcers and phlebitis, the scores of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the nursing satisfaction were observed and compared between the two groups. Results. The incidence of pressure ulcers in group B (6.98%) was lower than that in group A (25.58%). The incidence of phlebitis in group B was lower than that in group A (20.93% vs. 53.49%). The VAS score of group B was

2.16
±
0.38

, which was lower than that of group A (4.86 ± 1.09). The PSQI score of group B was lower than that of group A (

9.74
±
2.76

vs.

14.84
±
3.95

). A higher nursing satisfaction was determined in group B compared with group A (93.02% vs. 76.74%). Conclusions. Silicone mattress combined with hydrocolloid dressing can reduce the incidence of pressure ulcers and phlebitis in ICU patients with liver failure, reduce complications, and improve nursing satisfaction, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
Modern Energy Optimization Approach for Efficient Data Communication in IoT-Based Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Sathish Kumar L. , Ahmad Sultan , Routray Sidheswar , Prabu A. V. , Alharbi Abdullah , Alouffi Bader , Rajasoundaran S.
Published: April 2022

Many researchers are drawn to mobile wireless sensor networks (WSN) and the Internet of Things (IoT) because of the significant challenges of power consumption and network connectivity. A technique that takes into consideration the characteristics such as network probability, the identified region of individual nodes, and the radius of the whole identified region is presented in this article. Free-space propagation is carried out in the region of interest. This approach assures network connection, long-term communication sustainability, and maximum energy efficiency. It was discovered that a mathematical network model can be built using the probability theory. It has been possible to examine and evaluate the changes in sensor nodes as a function of distance from the detection region using this approach. As a result, a correlation has been established between a network’s communication radius and the identified region. Additionally, a novel method has been developed to reduce energy consumption and sustain connectivity through boosting the connectivity feature. Notably, IoT-based WSN architectures require more energy optimization than any other network, because they have resource-limited nodes. Also, a simulation plot of the proposed approach’s mathematical network scheme is shown to show if it works. The proposed method consumes much less energy averagely 40% compared to the existing methods, which are LEACH, ZTR, and DSR when the radius is 100.
Diagnosis of Retinal Diseases Based on Bayesian Optimization Deep Learning Network Using Optical Coherence Tomography Images
Authors: Subramanian Malliga , Kumar M. Sandeep , Sathishkumar V. E. , Prabhu Jayagopal , Karthick Alagar , Ganesh S. Sankar , Meem Mahseena Akter
Published: April 2022

Retinal abnormalities have emerged as a serious public health concern in recent years and can manifest gradually and without warning. These diseases can affect any part of the retina, causing vision impairment and indeed blindness in extreme cases. This necessitates the development of automated approaches to detect retinal diseases more precisely and, preferably, earlier. In this paper, we examine transfer learning of pretrained convolutional neural network (CNN) and then transfer it to detect retinal problems from Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) images. In this study, pretrained CNN models, namely, VGG16, DenseNet201, InceptionV3, and Xception, are used to classify seven different retinal diseases from a dataset of images with and without retinal diseases. In addition, to choose optimum values for hyperparameters, Bayesian optimization is applied, and image augmentation is used to increase the generalization capabilities of the developed models. This research also provides a comparison of the proposed models as well as an analysis of them. The accuracy achieved using DenseNet201 on the Retinal OCT Image dataset is more than 99% and offers a good level of accuracy in classifying retinal diseases compared to other approaches, which only detect a small number of retinal diseases.
Interpersonal Interface System of Multimedia Intelligent English Translation Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Li Xiaojing , Ding Shuting
Published: April 2022

Artificial intelligence is a very challenging science, and people who are engaged in this work must understand computer knowledge, psychology, and philosophy. Artificial intelligence includes a wide range of sciences; it is composed of different fields, such as machine learning and computer vision. In recent years, with the rise and joint drive of technologies such as the Internet, big data, the Internet of Things, and voice recognition, the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology has presented new features such as deep learning, cross-border integration, and human-machine collaboration. Intelligent English translation is an innovation and experiment of the English language industry in the field of science and technology. Machine translation is the use of computer programmes to translate natural language into a specific natural language. This interdisciplinary subject includes three subjects: artificial intelligence, computational linguistics, and mathematical logic. Machine translation is becoming more and more popular with the public, and its advantages are mainly that machine translation is much cheaper than manual translation. From this study, it can be seen that the accuracy rate of the traditional ICTCLAS method is 76.40%, while the accuracy rate of the research method in this article is 94.58%, indicating that the research method used in this article is better. Machine translation greatly reduces the cost of translation because there are very few processes that require human participation, and the translation is basically done by computers. It is also an important research content in the field of English major research. Due to the wide range of language cultures and the influence of local culture, thought, and semantic environment, traditional human translation methods have many shortcomings. Nowadays, the demand for translation is unsatisfactory. Based on this, this paper analyzes the application status of intelligent translation, the prospect of intelligent translation, and realizes the optimization design of the human interface system for the intelligent translation of English. Through experiments, it is found that the multimedia intelligent English translation system based on deep learning not only improves the accuracy of English translation but also greatly improves the efficiency of people learning English.
Association of HLA-DR1, HLA-DR13, and HLA-DR16 Polymorphisms with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Tingrui , Wang Hong , Qiu Lijuan , Wu Lingling , Ling Huayun , Xue Yu , Zhou Ying , Chen Huijuan , Ye Dong-Qing , Wang Bin
Published: April 2022

Objectives. The principal purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the association between HLA-DRB1 (HLA-DR1, HLA-DR13, and HLA-DR16) polymorphisms and SLE susceptibility. Methods. We searched published case-control studies on the association between HLA-DRB1 polymorphisms and SLE susceptibility from PubMed and Web of Science databases. The pooled ORs with 95% CIs were utilized to estimate the strength of association of HLA-DR1, HLA-DR13, and HLA-DR16 polymorphisms and SLE susceptibility by fixed effect models. We also performed sensitivity analysis, trial sequential analysis, Begg’s test, and Egg’s test in this meta-analysis. Results. A total of 18 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Overall analysis showed that HLA-DR1 and HLA-DR13 polymorphisms were associated with a decreased risk of SLE (

OR
=
0.76

, 95% CI: 0.65-0.90,

P
<
0.01

;

OR
=
0.58

, 95% CI: 0.50-0.68,

P
<
0.01

), and HLA-DR16 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of SLE (

OR
=
1.70

, 95% CI: 1.24-2.33,

P
<
0.01

). In subgroup analysis of ethnicity, the results were as follows: HLA-DR1 polymorphism in Caucasians (

OR
=
0.76

, 95% CI: 0.58-0.98,

P
=
0.04

) and North Americans (

OR
=
0.64

, 95% CI: 0.42-0.96,

P
=
0.03

); HLA-DR13 polymorphism in Caucasians (

OR
=
0.62

, 95% CI: 0.47-0.82,

P
<
0.01

) and East Asians (

OR
=
0.44

, 95% CI: 0.34-0.57,

P
<
0.01

); and HLA-DR16 polymorphism in East Asians (

OR
=
2.62

, 95% CI: 1.71-4.03,

P
<
0.01

).Conclusions. This meta-analysis showed that HLA-DR1 and HLA-DR13 are protective factors for SLE, and HLA-DR16 is a risk factor. Due to the limitations of this meta-analysis, the association between HLA-DRB1 polymorphisms and SLE susceptibility needs to be further researched before definitive conclusions are proved.
Realistic Prognostic Modeling of Specific Attenuation due to Rain at Microwave Frequency for Tropical Climate Region
Authors: Isabona Joseph , Imoize Agbotiname Lucky , Rawat Paresh , Jamal Sajjad Shaukat , Pant Bhasker , Ojo Stephen , Hinga Simon Karanja
Published: April 2022

Absorption and scattering of propagated microwave radio signals by atmospheric variables, particularly rainfall, remained a major cause of propagation attenuation losses and service quality degradation over terrestrial communication links. The International Telecommunications Union Radio (ITU-R) reports and other related works in the literature provided information on attenuation due to rain and microwave propagation data. Such propagation attenuation information in the tropical region of Nigeria is destitute, especially at lower radio waves transmission frequencies. Therefore, this study addresses this problem by employing 12-year rainfall datasets to conduct realistic prognostic modeling of rain rate intensity levels. A classification of the rainfall data into three subgroups based on the depth of rainfall in the region is presented. Additionally, an in-depth estimation of specific rain attenuation intensities based on the 12-year rainfall data at 3.5 GHz is demonstrated. On average, the three rainfall classes produced rain rates of about 29.27 mm/hr, 73.71 mm/hr, and 105.39 mm/hr. The respective attenuation values are 0.89 dB, 1.71 dB, and 2.13 dB for the vertical polarisation and 1.09 dB, 1.20 dB, and 2.78 dB for the horizontal polarisation at 0.01% time percentage computation. Generally, results indicate that higher rain attenuation of 12% is observed for the horizontal polarisation compared to the vertical polarisation. These results can provide valuable first-hand information for microwave radio frequency planning in making appropriate decisions on attenuation levels due to different rainfall depths, especially for lower frequency arrays.
Phage_UniR_LGBM: Phage Virion Proteins Classification with UniRep Features and LightGBM Model
Authors: Bao Wenzheng , Cui Qingyu , Chen Baitong , Yang Bin
Published: April 2022

Phage, the most prevalent creature on the planet, serves a variety of critical roles. Phage’s primary role is to facilitate gene-to-gene communication. The phage proteins can be defined as the virion proteins and the nonvirion ones. Nowadays, experimental identification is a difficult process that necessitates a significant amount of laboratory time and expense. Considering such situation, it is critical to design practical calculating techniques and develop well-performance tools. In this work, the Phage_UniR_LGBM has been proposed to classify the virion proteins. In detailed, such model utilizes the UniRep as the feature and the LightGBM algorithm as the classification model. And then, the training data train the model, and the testing data test the model with the cross-validation. The Phage_UniR_LGBM was compared with the several state-of-the-art features and classification algorithms. The performances of the Phage_UniR_LGBM are 88.51% in Sp,89.89% in Sn, 89.18% in Acc, 0.7873 in MCC, and 0.8925 in F1 score.
Combinatorial Inactivation of Tumor Suppressors Efficiently Initiates Lung Adenocarcinoma with Therapeutic Vulnerabilities
Authors: Yousefi Maryam , Boross Gábor , Weiss Carly , Murray Christopher W. , Hebert Jess D. , Cai Hongchen , Ashkin Emily L. , Karmakar Saswati , Andrejka Laura , Chen Leo , Wang Minwei , Tsai Min K. , Lin Wen-Yang , Li Chuan , Yakhchalian Pegah , Colón Caterina I. , Chew Su-Kit , Chu Pauline , Swanton Charles , Kunder Christian A. , Petrov Dmitri A. , Winslow Monte M.
Published: April 2022

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with lung adenocarcinoma being the most common subtype. Many oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are altered in this cancer type, and the discovery of oncogene mutations has led to the development of targeted therapies that have improved clinical outcomes. However, a large fraction of lung adenocarcinomas lacks mutations in known oncogenes, and the genesis and treatment of these oncogene-negative tumors remain enigmatic. Here, we perform iterative in vivo functional screens using quantitative autochthonous mouse model systems to uncover the genetic and biochemical changes that enable efficient lung tumor initiation in the absence of oncogene alterations. Generation of hundreds of diverse combinations of tumor suppressor alterations demonstrates that inactivation of suppressors of the RAS and PI3K pathways drives the development of oncogene-negative lung adenocarcinoma. Human genomic data and histology identified RAS/MAPK and PI3K pathway activation as a common feature of an event in oncogene-negative human lung adenocarcinomas. These Onc-negativeRAS/PI3K tumors and related cell lines are vulnerable to pharmacologic inhibition of these signaling axes. These results transform our understanding of this prevalent yet understudied subtype of lung adenocarcinoma.

Significance:

To address the large fraction of lung adenocarcinomas lacking mutations in proto-oncogenes for which targeted therapies are unavailable, this work uncovers driver pathways of oncogene-negative lung adenocarcinomas and demonstrates their therapeutic vulnerabilities.
Social Work Evaluations Among Pediatric Patients Transferred for Burn Care
Authors: Barré Alyssa M. , Tyler Lauren A. , Rhodes Marvin A. , McEvoy Christian S. , Ricca Robert L.
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Regionalization efforts aim to improve healthcare by designating specialty centers for a geographic area. Regionalization may play a role in determining patient treatment plans and outcomes. We hypothesize that these factors may be influenced by race, socioeconomics, insurance, and longitudinal follow-up.

Methods

Retrospective review of 81 patients ages 0-18 years evaluated at our Level 2 Trauma Center between February 2016-December 2020 who met criteria for transfer to a Regional Burn Center.

Results

67% of patients were transferred to the Regional Burn Center. There was no difference in the percentage of transferred patients with respect to age, race, ethnicity, insurance type, or rurality of home address. Secondary analysis showed that 57.4% of children were transferred without evaluation by social work. Five patients’ injuries were due to non-accidental trauma (NAT); two of these patients were transferred without social work evaluations. 28% of those transferred had documented involvement of Child Protective Services (CPS). Of the 31 transferred patients without social work evaluation, 67% had incomplete or missing notes from the burn center, including 100% of those subsequently confirmed to be due to NAT. Only 32% of patients received follow-up at our institution.

Conclusion

We identified no differences in transfer percentages with respect to race, ethnicity, or insurance type. Secondary analysis demonstrated a significant gap in care regarding access to records and social work involvement. As NAT and social concerns are common amongst children with burns, we propose policies to ensure that these concerns are not overlooked during regionalization efforts.
Revalidating the Positive Achievement Change Tool (PACT) in a Major City: A Survival Analysis
Authors: Mueller Kyle Curtis , Carey Marcus Tyler , Noh Keeyoon
Published: April 2022

The Positive Achievement Change Tool (PACT) is a popular risk-assessment tool used in juvenile justice systems across the country. This study is an effort at revalidating the PACT in the context of a large Southern city by utilizing days to recidivism in the context of survival analysis. The current research is concerned with whether the PACT’s risk classifications are effective in predicting recidivism. Findings indicate that the PACT effectively predicts recidivism better than chance and that recidivism is especially common early on in probation, with most incidents taking place within the first 200 days. However, the predictive validity of the PACT is not strong for the study population, and its implementation may benefit from context-specific reforms.
Patterns of Silence: French Witnesses of Nazi Crimes in Occupied Ukraine
Authors: Chan Paula
Published: April 2022

Literature on the Soviet treatment of the Holocaust is riddled with generalizations about a conspiracy of silence, as opposed to the sacred status the genocide came to hold in ‘the West.’ Yet what scholars have interpreted as the ‘Western’ response has been mainly limited to initiatives emerging from countries that did not experience occupation during World War II. This article examines French prisoners of war at the Rava-Russka camp in Ukraine who played vital roles in Soviet investigations of Nazi atrocities. Back home, these Frenchmen found that joining the Gaullist narrative of the war depended upon whether they could demonstrate their resistance, a revision in which recollections of crimes against Jews had no place. By analyzing how French witnesses presented their experiences differently to the Soviet and French governments and how each government manipulated these testimonies, this article argues for the need to depart from the East-West dichotomy imposed by the Cold War. Once the Soviet case is placed in a Europe-wide context, it becomes clear the USSR was not a backward outlier uniquely committed to a conspiracy of silence. On the contrary, the Holocaust had elements of a ‘usable past’ only for the Soviet Union.
Oral Health and Academic Achievement of Children in Low-Income Families
Authors: Wehby G.L.
Published: April 2022

Low-income children have higher rates of unmet oral health needs. Prior research suggests that poor oral health is associated with lower academic performance but uses cross-sectional and mostly parent-reported measures. This study examined the association between oral health during the first 5 y of life and subsequent academic achievement for low-income children. Birth certificates of children born in Iowa in 1999–2009 were linked to Medicaid enrollment and dental claims data in 1999–2014 and reading and math standardized school test scores for grades 2 through 11. The following oral health measures were examined: having minor dental treatments (mostly surface fillings), major dental treatments (mostly crowns and pulpotomy) or extractions, and comprehensive dental exams during the first 5 y of life. Regression models were estimated adjusting for sociodemographic factors, early infant health, and school district effects. The sample included 28,859 children and 127,464 child-grade observations. In total, 21%, 12%, and 62% of children had at least 1 minor dental treatment, 1 major treatment or extraction, and 1 comprehensive dental exam in the first 5 y of life, respectively. Children who received a minor dental treatment had higher reading and math scores by 1 percentile (95% CI, 0.09–1.9) and 0.9 percentiles (95% CI, 0.02–1.8), respectively. Children who had a major dental treatment or extraction had lower reading and math scores by 2.4 (95% CI, −3.5 to −1.4) and 1.8 (95% CI, −2.8 to −0.8) percentiles. Children who had a comprehensive oral exam had higher reading and math scores by 0.7 (95% CI, 0.06–1.4) and 1.2 (95% CI, 0.6–1.9) percentiles. The findings suggest that children’s oral health before school age is associated with academic achievement later during school years.
Older Adults’ Perspectives on Voluntary Assisted Death: An In-Depth Qualitative Investigation in Australia
Authors: Gringart Eyal , Adams Claire , Woodward Faye
Published: April 2022

Interest in voluntary assisted death (VAD) has been growing among researchers, policy makers and the public. This study aimed to explore older adults’ perspectives on VAD in Australia. Using purposive sampling, 15 adults ≥65 years participated in in-depth semi-structured interviews. Interpretative phenomenological analysis identified four themes: cultural reflections; beliefs and worldviews; health aspects; and fabric of life. Participants expressed a desire to have control over end-of-life options, challenged by religious beliefs. Participants expressed concern that VAD legislation could leave people vulnerable to coercion and saw a need for safeguards. Reasons for and against supporting and utilising VAD were discussed. Physical illness was seen a more compelling reason for VAD than mental ill-health. Finally, connections to life and other were discussed, and being able to do the things one loved were named aspects of what it meant to live a good life. Implications are discussed along with future research directions.
Self-Compassion and Happiness: Exploring the Influence of the Subcomponents of Self-Compassion on Happiness and Vice Versa
Authors: Pastore Olivia Lena , Brett Benjamin , Fortier Michelle S.
Published: April 2022

Self-compassion is a healthy conceptualization of the self and has been associated with a myriad of health benefits. There is limited research regarding the influence of the subcomponents of self-compassion on happiness and vice versa. This study investigated (1) the influence and relative strength of the relationships of the 6 subcomponents of self-compassion onto happiness, (2) the influence and relative strength of the relationships of happiness onto the 6 subcomponents of self-compassion and (3) the bi-directional relationship between total self-compassion variables and happiness across two timepoints. This study followed a pre-post design whereby 33 university students and employees undergoing a physical activity counselling (PAC) program filled out validated online questionnaires before and immediately after individualized sessions. Results revealed that there was a positive bi-directional relationship between self-compassion and happiness over time, with the stronger influence being from happiness to self-compassion. This is likely because happier individuals are kinder to themselves and strongly connected with others. Moreover, results showed that mindfulness was the strongest subcomponent of self-compassion to positively influence happiness, and happiness was the strongest negative predictor of isolation. This has practical implications in that PAC counsellors and other practitioners should try to emphasize mindfulness in their interventions to maximize feelings of happiness, and try to cultivate happiness to reduce feelings of isolation and increase total self-compassion.
The Relationships Between Grit, Burnout, and Demographic Characteristics in Medical Students
Authors: Lee Diane , Reasoner Kaitlyn , Davidson Claudia , Pennings Jacquelyn S. , Lee Donald H.
Published: April 2022

Grit, a positive psychological trait comprised of perseverance and passion, has been correlated with physician burnout but has not been extensively studied among medical students. Identification of the relationship between grit and burnout as well as between burnout and other demographics could help to identify students at risk of burnout, while informing educational strategies to increase grit in the medical occupation. For this cross-sectional study, an online, email-based survey including demographic questions, the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services (Medical Personnel) Survey, and the Short Grit Scale was distributed to an entire student body of allopathic medical students via a schoolwide listserv in 2019. The response rate was 39.6% (177/444). Negative correlations were displayed between grit and emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and overall burnout. Positive correlation was demonstrated between grit and personal accomplishment. Male participants had higher depersonalization than female participants and fourth year medical students had higher depersonalization than other years of training. Fourth year medical students had higher personal accomplishment than other years of training and married students had higher personal accomplishment than those who had never been married. These findings are important not only for potential identification of students at risk of burnout, but also for development of strategies to bolster grit and mitigate distressing experiences in the medical occupation. Future studies are necessary to gauge how this relationship may evolve throughout a medical career.