bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceived Risk Factors Influence on Intention to Continue Using Internet Banking among Malaysians
Authors: Kassim Normalini Md , Ramayah T.
Published: June 2015

The objective of the present study is to identify which are the risk factors that influence the intention to continue using Internet banking in Malaysia. The primary participants are personal Internet banking users in Peninsular Malaysia. Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire which employed the drop-off and pick-up (DOPU) technique. The questionnaires were distributed through this method to the respective bank branch managers who were willing to distribute to their customers. A total of 413 respondents completed the questionnaires as requested. The SPSS statistical analysis package and partial least squares were used for data analysis and hypothesis testing. The results show that social risk, time loss risk, opportunity cost risk and perceived usefulness are significant factors influencing attitude towards intention to continue using Internet banking. Attitude is a significant factor that influences the intention to continue using Internet banking in Malaysia. Other relationships hypothesized are not significant. The total numbers of respondents were 413 and may not represent the whole population. Furthermore, the profiles of respondents were confidential and not disclosed by the management of the banks. As such, the total number of Internet banking customers for each bank was unknown. The findings of this study are expected to be of great use to the Internet banking providers. An understanding of the factors identified in this study allows Internet banking providers to enhance the services in the most effective and efficient way to increase bank business in the long run and encourage their bank customers’ to continue using Internet banking.
Impact of Brand Image on Consumer Decision-making: A Study on High-technology Products
Authors: Raj M. Prasanna Mohan , Roy Satam
Published: June 2015

In the field of high-technology and high-involvement products, launch of new products is seen as very high. The usage of multiple electronic gadgets in every household is an example of such growth and emphasizes the importance of responsible marketing of high-technology products to cater to such needs. Even high-tech companies that understand the importance of marketing face uncertainty and complications in making marketing decisions and also in the understanding of consumer requirements. For any high-involvement product category, the decision-making time is normally long and customers generally evaluate the information available very cautiously. They also involve in active information search process. The risk associated with such decision is very high. Here the word high technology is set to mean ‘sophisticated knowledge associated with some general field of endeavour’ and marketing of such high technology driven products is being faced by growing set of complexities. Again one of the major advantages any reputed brand enjoys compared to other non-reputed brands is the association of psychological assurance. Customers develop trust on reputed brands. This article tries to find out the influencing factors of buying high- technology and high-involvement products. The role of brand image in influencing the consumer’s decision- making of high-technology products is examined in this article. This article classifies the high-technology customers based on their decision-making styles and their acceptance of extended brands.
Different Impacts of Advertising Appeals on Advertising Attitude for High and Low Involvement Products
Authors: Akbari Mahsa
Published: June 2015

The aim of this study is to fill the existing gaps in the marketing literature, by providing a comprehensive comparison of rational versus emotional appeals based on high and low involvement products to increase advertising effectiveness. Further, this article is an attempt to test, empirically, the effect of different advertising appeals on advertising attitude and consumer purchase decision. Quasi-experimental design method is used in this study to investigate the impacts of different rational and emotional appeals for different product categories (high and low involvement product). Sunscreen and laptop are considered as low involvement and high involvement products, respectively. 160 undergraduate students participated in this experiment from Iranian universities (Islamic Azad Tehran University). In this experiment, participants were randomly exposed to four persuasive messages for each product. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), t-test and regression analysis were used to test the impacts of appeals for high and low involvement products. Our study shows that both advertising appeals (rational and emotional) have a positive effect on advertising attitude and purchase intention. Whereas for low involvement products emotional appeals have a more significant effect on advertising attitude, for high involvement products rational appeals are more influential. This research not only concentrates on the impacts of different emotional and rational appeals, but also provides beneficial insight of advertising appeals for advertising practitioners and academics on designing different product categories (high and low involvement products).
Momentum Effect in Indian Stock Market: A Sectoral Study
Authors: Garg Ashish Kumar , Varshney Pankaj
Published: June 2015

Jegadeesh and Titman (1993) found that when stocks are ranked on the basis of their past returns, then past winners outperform the past loser in the medium-term period. They suggested a zero-investment trading strategy termed momentum trading strategy, consisting of taking long position in the winner portfolio and short position in the loser portfolio, to generate abnormal profit. In this article, we demonstrated that the momentum trading strategy is robust in Indian stock market over the period of 2000–2013. We evaluated a range of trading strategies over alternative backward-looking ranking periods and forward-looking holding horizons in some prominent industries in India and found strong presence of momentum returns in various industries. The same conclusion we have drawn about the market as a whole that provides evidence against weak form of market efficiency.
Promoting Oral Health in Rural India: The Case of Pepsodent
Authors: Bahal Shubhra , Sahay A.
Published: June 2015

Toothpaste was not an accepted product in the rural market since people in rural areas preferred conventional method of cleaning their teeth such as neem twigs, salt, etc. Pepsodent was one amongst the most powerful brand of Hindustan Unilever Limited (HUL) that was promoted through 1500 dentists in the rural areas. They targeted the product to the male member of the family. HUL promoted the product (Pepsodent) very aggressively in the rural market by organizing free samples of Pepsodent to the prospective customers. It offered discount coupons to the customers in order to push sales.

In order to sustain and survive in the rural market, the companies have to build a strong brand image in the rural market. Providing the value proposition is the key to success to sustain in the rural market. Sales promotion along with demonstration of the product helps in selling the product to the rural consumer. Having said this, HUL really has to pull hard in order to beat the No.1 player in the toothpaste category in the rural markets. The new strategies have to be formulated in order to increase consumer’s trust in the brand. Finally, how Pepsodent reaches the level of customer trust and generic branding has to be seen in times to come.
Investigative Journalism as Academic Research Output?
Authors: Chua Yvonne T.
Published: June 2015

Investigative reports can now be candidates for creative output at the University of the Philippines even as the criteria for getting them counted as such remain steep. But getting them accepted as research or scholarly work is an altogether different story. Academia still needs a lot of convincing to accept that rigorous investigative journalism, considered the highest form of journalism, employs the scientific method and contributes to new knowledge like academic research.
Delay Journalism Practice until Academic Scholarship is Mastered
Authors: Wake Alexandra
Published: June 2015

This article argues that Australian journalists turned academics must prioritise learning the scholarship of the academy—the theorising and testing of ideas—ahead of journalism practice at the start of their academic careers. While acknowledging that some parts of journalism practice are winning acknowledgement as research outcomes in many academic communities, this article suggests that there are areas within a journalist’s professional field of practice that will continue to struggle to find acceptance as research. This article suggests that the narrow definition of what constitutes journalism as research is held not only by many people holding senior roles within Australian universities, but also those who hold positions of power within journalism faculties. This article suggests that journalists turned academics abandon their journalism, briefly, while they learn the vocabulary and skills required to have their work seen as genuine research, and that generally means after finalising a PhD.
Journalism as Academic Research
Authors: Kemper Kevin R.
Published: June 2015

Journalism can and should be recognized as academic research output only if it reflects the same level of rigour and impact as any other academic research output. Scholars need to understand what their colleagues, supervisors and peers expect and then deliver exactly that. This commentary first defines journalism and academic research output. Then, it considers the problems of how to measure research impact and understand epistemology. Finally, this essay discusses the implications for journalism from the requirements of the ‘institutional review board’ (IRB) with research that involves human subjects in the United States.
Publish and Perish—The Academic Journalist’s Publishing Dilemma
Authors: Muppidi Sundeep
Published: June 2015

Universities have fully developed requirements on how to assess full-time faculty, especially PhDs. However, these are not fully sensitive to evaluating ‘production’ faculty and/or ‘craft practitioners’ such as in journalism schools. In this opinion piece, the author explores the question of whether journalistic writings can or should be ‘recognised’ as academic research output? While arguing that journalistic writing can be recognized as academic research output, he points out that good journalism involves research, originality, social responsibility and ethics, and good journalists are flag bearers of these standards. These are analogous, if not similar, to expectations of good scholarship and hence journalistic writing merits the same acceptance as other academic ‘theoretical’ writing.
Microfinance and Multiple Borrowing in Sri Lanka
Authors: Tilakaratna Ganga , Hulme David
Published: June 2015

In recent years, there has been an increase in multiple borrowing in the microfinance sector in Sri Lanka, while many microfinance institutions (MFIs) have experienced high levels of borrower turnover, deteriorating portfolio quality and weak financial performance. This has raised concerns about the microfinance sector. However, the debt levels for the majority of borrowers remain at moderate levels, while a number of mitigating factors such as mobilization of borrower savings by MFIs, wide use of pawning among clients and a reduction in donor funds to the sector suggest that a microcredit bubble in Sri Lanka is unlikely in the near future.
Determinants of Exports of Information Technology in India
Authors: Gupta Sangita Dutta , Raychaudhuri Ajitava , Haldar Sushil Kumar
Published: June 2015

The information technology (IT) sector has contributed significantly to the economic growth in India and is one of the fastest-growing export-oriented sectors in India. The objective of this article is to explore the determinants of exports of IT companies of India from 2000 to 2012 using company-level data. Applying ordinary panel data regression, the article finds that world demand and real effective exchange rate have expected signs on company exports. Surprisingly, foreign capital, which played a crucial role in IT sector development in India, has a negative coefficient, highlighting substitution relation between export and domestic demands. The dynamic panel data regression exhibits persistence of exports which acts as a moderating factor on demand fluctuations and its high impact. Further, the dynamic panel estimations clearly show the predominant influence of past exports on gross domestic product (GDP) growth in India, which makes world demand, standardized as relative to India’s GDP, inconsequential for its future exports.
Inter-sectoral Productivity Differentials in India
Authors: Bathla Seema , D’souza Alwin
Published: June 2015

This study estimates the total factor productivity growth across broad economic sectors in India with an aim to explore the possibility of achieving convergence. While analyzing inter-sectoral productivity differentials, it investigates the role of human capital in enhancing productivity and also examines the sources of output growth. Broad findings from 1993–1994 to 2011–2012 indicate large variations in the sectoral employment and output shares, as do the rate of growth in income and capital stock. Productivity has grown in manufacturing and in a few services, but its contribution to growth has increased in almost all the sectors to more than 50 per cent of that of labour and capital. The impact of education is visible, albeit mildly, in augmenting employment and productivity growth. Nevertheless, catching up of agriculture with non-agricultural sectors appears to be remote in the near future. The article highlights a need to accelerate investment and productivity in agriculture, more so in view of large gaps in rural–urban income and poverty.
Ancient Palestine Is Multilingual and Diglossic: Introducing Multilingualism Theories to New Testament Studies
Authors: Ong Hughson T.
Published: June 2015

This article surveys some key works that address in one way or another the linguistic situation of ancient Palestine. It also examines that linguistic situation by way of introducing several multilingualism theories from the field of sociolinguistics, specifically explaining and demonstrating how they are pertinent to the investigation of the available linguistic evidence. The objectives are to show that previous studies that have utilized multilingualism theories have not yet been able to apply them either adequately or appropriately to the linguistic evidence, that use of multilingualism theories is the way forward to assess the available linguistic evidence, and that the linguistic situation of ancient Palestine must have been ‘multilingual and diglossic’.
Sacrifice in the Ancient Mediterranean: Recent and Current Research
Authors: Ullucci Daniel
Published: June 2015

This essay provides a summary and critical assessment of scholarship on sacrifice in the ancient Mediterranean over the last two decades. It focuses on Greek, Roman, Judean and Christian evidence from approximately the eighth century bce to the fifth century ce. Significant attention is paid to theoretical models, which have deeply affected the study of sacrifice. Archeological evidence for sacrifice is considered. The following areas of current scholarly debate are addressed and assessed: (1) the reach and role of religious experts; (2) sacrifice as communication and failed sacrifice; (3) the notion of spiritualization; (4) metaphorical and symbolic uses of sacrifice; and (5) sacrifice and identity. Sacrifice is theorized not as a static category or ontological thing, but a nexus of competitive ritualizations and/or discursive claims, the boundaries of which were actively contested by ancient practitioners and cultural producers.
Wetting behaviour of laser textured Ti3SiC2 surface with micro-grooved structures
Authors: Zhou C. L. , Ngai T. W. L. , Li L. J.
Published: June 2015

In the present paper, micro-grooved Ti3SiC2 surfaces with different roughness were fabricated by pulsed laser processing. The surface topography and chemical composition of smooth and micro-grooved surfaces were characterised. The wetting behaviours of smooth and micro-grooved Ti3SiC2 surfaces such as static contact angle, anisotropic wettability and contact angle evolution versus time were investigated. The experimental results show that micro-grooved structures can be efficiently fabricated on Ti3SiC2 surface by laser processing. The contact angle of micro-grooved surface was increased by 64.2° compared with that of smooth surface. The difference values of contact angles between perpendicular and parallel direction were < 10°. The wetting state of droplet on textured surface was close to Cassie–Baxter model.
Ultra-large alignments using phylogeny-aware profiles
Authors: Nguyen Nam-phuong D. , Mirarab Siavash , Kumar Keerthana , Warnow Tandy
Published: June 2015

Many biological questions, including the estimation of deep evolutionary histories and the detection of remote homology between protein sequences, rely upon multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees of large datasets. However, accurate large-scale multiple sequence alignment is very difficult, especially when the dataset contains fragmentary sequences. We present UPP, a multiple sequence alignment method that uses a new machine learning technique, the ensemble of hidden Markov models, which we propose here. UPP produces highly accurate alignments for both nucleotide and amino acid sequences, even on ultra-large datasets or datasets containing fragmentary sequences. UPP is available at https://github.com/smirarab/sepp.
Autoantigen microarrays reveal autoantibodies associated with proliferative nephritis and active disease in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Haddon D. James , Diep Vivian K. , Price Jordan V. , Limb Cindy , Utz Paul J. , Balboni Imelda
Published: June 2015

Introduction

Pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (pSLE) patients often initially present with more active and severe disease than adults, including a higher frequency of lupus nephritis. Specific autoantibodies, including anti-C1q, anti-DNA and anti-alpha-actinin, have been associated with kidney involvement in SLE, and DNA antibodies are capable of initiating early-stage lupus nephritis in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. Over 100 different autoantibodies have been described in SLE patients, highlighting the need for comprehensive autoantibody profiling. Knowledge of the antibodies associated with pSLE and proliferative nephritis will increase the understanding of SLE pathogenesis, and may aid in monitoring patients for renal flare.

Methods

We used autoantigen microarrays composed of 140 recombinant or purified antigens to compare the serum autoantibody profiles of new-onset pSLE patients (n = 45) to healthy controls (n = 17). We also compared pSLE patients with biopsy-confirmed class III or IV proliferative nephritis (n = 23) and without significant renal involvement (n = 18). We performed ELISA with selected autoantigens to validate the microarray findings. We created a multiple logistic regression model, based on the ELISA and clinical information, to predict whether a patient had proliferative nephritis, and used a validation cohort (n = 23) and longitudinal samples (88 patient visits) to test its accuracy.

Results

Fifty autoantibodies were at significantly higher levels in the sera of pSLE patients compared to healthy controls, including anti-B cell-activating factor (BAFF). High levels of anti-BAFF were associated with active disease. Thirteen serum autoantibodies were present at significantly higher levels in pSLE patients with proliferative nephritis than those without, and we confirmed five autoantigens (dsDNA, C1q, collagens IV and X and aggrecan) by ELISA. Our model, based on ELISA measurements and clinical variables, correctly identified patients with proliferative nephritis with 91 % accuracy.

Conclusions

Autoantigen microarrays are an ideal platform for identifying autoantibodies associated with both pSLE and specific clinical manifestations of pSLE. Using multiple regression analysis to integrate autoantibody and clinical data permits accurate prediction of clinical manifestations with complex etiologies in pSLE.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Sharp geometrical properties of a-rarefied sets via fixed point index for the Schrödinger operator equations
Authors: Li Zhiqiang , Ychussie Beatriz
Published: June 2015

In this paper, we use the theory of fixed point index for the Schrödinger operator equations to obtain a geometrical property of a-rarefied sets at infinity on cones. Meanwhile, we give an example to show that the reverse of this property is not true.
The first case of huge amebic intra-abdominal tumor with asymptomatic amebic colitis
Authors: Higami Shigeo , Nomura Eiji , Yamazaki Masashi , Morita Seiji , Noguchi Wataru , Uda Shuji , Hara Hitoshi , Yamamoto Soichiro , Hasegawa Sayuri , Tobita Kosuke , Tajiri Takuma , Mukai Masaya , Inokuchi Sadaki , Makuuchi Hiroyasu
Published: June 2015

We report a rare case of huge amebic intra-abdominal tumor with asymptomatic amebic colitis. This appears to represent the first report of amebic intra-abdominal tumor. A 31-year-old woman presented to a local doctor with only a sensation of abdominal fullness. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed a huge intra-abdominal tumor in the left abdominal cavity, and she was referred to our hospital. Colonofiberscopy for detailed examination showed multiple slight, discrete ulcers in the cecum. Ameboid trophozoites were identified from biopsy specimens, and asymptomatic amebic colitis was diagnosed. Oral metronidazole (MTZ) was administered at 1500 mg/day for 10 days. CT 14 days after starting MTZ showed no change in the intra-abdominal tumor, and resection of the tumor was therefore performed. Pathological examination revealed Entamoeba histolytica with engulfed erythrocytes complicated by hemorrhagic cyst. If an intra-abdominal tumor is present and colitis is observed, amebic intra-abdominal tumor should be considered among the differential diagnoses.
NGA-West2 Equations for Predicting Vertical-Component PGA, PGV, and 5%-Damped PSA from Shallow Crustal Earthquakes
Authors: Stewart Jonathan P. , Boore David M. , Seyhan Emel , Atkinson Gail M.
Published: June 2015

We present ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) for computing natural log means and standard deviations of vertical-component intensity measures (IMs) for shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions. The equations were derived from a global database with M 3.0–7.9 events. The functions are similar to those for our horizontal GMPEs. We derive equations for the primary M- and distance-dependence of peak acceleration, peak velocity, and 5%-damped pseudo-spectral accelerations at oscillator periods between 0.01–10 s. We observe pronounced M-dependent geometric spreading and region-dependent anelastic attenuation for high-frequency IMs. We do not observe significant region-dependence in site amplification. Aleatory uncertainty is found to decrease with increasing magnitude; within-event variability is independent of distance. Compared to our horizontal-component GMPEs, attenuation rates are broadly comparable (somewhat slower geometric spreading, faster apparent anelastic attenuation), VS30-scaling is reduced, nonlinear site response is much weaker, within-event variability is comparable, and between-event variability is greater.
Absent Progesterone Signaling in Kisspeptin Neurons Disrupts the LH Surge and Impairs Fertility in Female Mice
Authors: Stephens Shannon B. Z. , Tolson Kristen P. , Rouse Melvin L. , Poling Matthew C. , Hashimoto-Partyka Minako K. , Mellon Pamela L. , Kauffman Alexander S.
Published: June 2015

Kisspeptin, encoded by Kiss1, stimulates GnRH neurons to govern reproduction. In rodents, estrogen-sensitive kisspeptin neurons in the anterior ventral periventricular nucleus and neighboring periventricular nucleus are thought to mediate sex steroid-induced positive feedback induction of the preovulatory LH surge. These kisspeptin neurons coexpress estrogen and progesterone receptors and display enhanced neuronal activation during the LH surge. However, although estrogen regulation of kisspeptin neurons has been well studied, the role of progesterone signaling in regulating kisspeptin neurons is unknown. Here we tested whether progesterone action specifically in kisspeptin cells is essential for proper LH surge and fertility. We used Cre-lox technology to generate transgenic mice lacking progesterone receptors exclusively in kisspeptin cells (termed KissPRKOs). Male KissPRKOs displayed normal fertility and gonadotropin levels. In stark contrast, female KissPRKOs displayed earlier puberty onset and significant impairments in fertility, evidenced by fewer births and substantially reduced litter size. KissPRKOs also had fewer ovarian corpora lutea, suggesting impaired ovulation. To ascertain whether this reflects a defect in the ability to generate sex steroid-induced LH surges, females were exposed to an estradiol-positive feedback paradigm. Unlike control females, which displayed robust LH surges, KissPRKO females did not generate notable LH surges and expressed significantly blunted cfos induction in anterior ventral periventricular nucleus kisspeptin neurons, indicating that progesterone receptor signaling in kisspeptin neurons is required for normal kisspeptin neuronal activation and LH surges during positive feedback. Our novel findings demonstrate that progesterone signaling specifically in kisspeptin cells is essential for the positive feedback induction of normal LH surges, ovulation, and normal fertility in females.
From Choice to Chance? Saving People, Fairness, and Lotteries
Authors: Henning Tim
Published: June 2015

Many authors in ethics, economics, and political science endorse the Lottery Requirement, that is, the following thesis: where different parties have equal moral claims to one indivisible good, it is morally obligatory to let a fair lottery decide which party is to receive the good. This article defends skepticism about the Lottery Requirement. It distinguishes three broad strategies of defending such a requirement: the surrogate satisfaction account, the procedural account, and the ideal consent account, and argues that none of these strategies succeed. The article then discusses and discharges some remaining grounds for resistance to these skeptical conclusions, as well as the possibility of defending a weaker version of a normative lottery principle. The conclusion is that we have no reason to believe that where equal claims conflict, we are morally required to hold a lottery, as opposed to simply picking one of the parties on more subjective grounds or out of pure whim. In addition to the practical consequences of this skeptical view, the article sketches some theoretical implications for debates about saving the greater number and about axiomatic utilitarianism.
The Literary Canon in the Age of New Media
Authors: Backe Hans-Joachim
Published: June 2015

The article offers a comparative overview of the diverging courses of the canon debate in Anglophone and Germanophone contexts. While the Anglophone canon debate has focused on the politics of canon composition, the Germanophone debate has been more concerned with the malleability and mediality of the canon. In a development that has largely gone unnoticed outside German-speaking countries, new approaches to discussing current and future processes of canonization have been developed in recent years. One pivotal element of this process has been a thorough reevaluation of new media as a touchstone for both defining literature in the digital age and inquiring into the mechanisms of contemporary canon formation. The article thus aims at introducing the Germanophone approach to canon developed in recent years and its results to a larger scholarly community.
Blocking Effect for Carrier Transfer to Triiodide in Alkyl-Functionalized Dyes in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Omata Keita , Kuwahara Shota , Hosokawa Ryo , Nishimura Taisei , Shen Qing , Toyoda Taro , Katayama Kenji
Published: June 2015

A blocking effect on the approach of electron acceptors into a dye/TiO2 electrode in a dye-sensitized solar cell was confirmed by the observation of charge dynamics at the interface when an alkyl-functionalized dye was used. It was found that the density of the adsorbed MK-2 on the TiO2 surface affected the ionic motion in an electrolyte at the interface, and that electron–electrolyte recombination was suppressed with a high density of adsorbed MK-2 molecules, causing prevention of the approach of the redox ions.
A Macrocyclic Phenanthroline–Copper Complex with Less Steric Hindrance: Synthesis, Structure, and Application to the Synthesis of a [2]Rotaxane
Authors: Saito Shinichi , Ohkubo Takanori , Yamazaki Yukari , Yokoyama Tatsuyuki , Mutoh Yuichiro , Yamasaki Ryu , Kasama Takeshi
Published: June 2015

We synthesized a macrocyclic 2,9-dialkyl-1,10-phenanthroline–Cu complex (9) from 1,10-phenanthroline. Compound 9 existed as a dinuclear complex in solid state. In solution, however, the compound existed as a mononuclear complex. Compound 9 mediated the Glaser reaction of an alkyne with a bulky blocking group and the formation of a [2]rotaxane was observed. The reactivity of the 2,9-dialkyl-1,10-phenanthroline–Cu complex (9) was lower than that of a diaryl analogue.
Echocardiography in the evaluation of athletes
Authors: Grazioli Gonzalo , Sanz Maria , Montserrat Silvia , Vidal Bàrbara , Sitges Marta
Published: June 2015

Echocardiography is currently a widely available imaging technique that can provide useful data in the field of sports cardiology particularly in two areas: pre-participation screening and analysis of the cardiac adaptation induced by exercise.

The application of pre-participation screening and especially, the type and number of used diagnostic tests remains controversial. Echocardiography has shown though, higher sensitivity and specificity as compared to the ECG, following a protocol adapted to athletes focused on ruling out the causes of sudden death and the most common disorders in this population. It is still a subject of controversy the actual cost of adding it, but depending on the type of sport, echocardiography might be cost-effective if added in the first line of examination.

Regarding the evaluation of cardiac adaptation to training in athletes,  echocardiography has proved to be useful in the differential diagnosis of diseases that can cause sudden death, analysing both the left ventricle (hypertrophy cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, left ventricle non compaction) and the right ventricle (arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy).

The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge and the clinical practical implications of it on the field of echocardiography when applied in sport cardiology areas.
The role of the accommodation sector in tourism routes of the Russian Federarion
Authors: Мосалев Антон , Mosalev Anton
Published: June 2015

The Article presents an analysis of the role of the media sector in the structure created by the placement of tourist routes in the subjects of the Russian Federation. The sample size was 6000 routes in all federal districts of Russia. The problem of poor service provided by the hotel services in Russia is one of the major problems hindering the development of domestic tourism. Value for money and sometimes do not match. Part of the situation could have saved the increasing competition with the hotels listed in the international circuit, which created its own rules of corporate culture, high standards of service, clearly defined for each category of hotel (in terms of stardom). However, this does not justify a revision of its marketing strategy of independent hoteliers. It is also important to pay attention to accommodation, similar to hotels and other accommodation facilities. They are also well represented in the tourist market. According to the author, the low level of service in accommodation facilities is determined not so much by the reluctance of management to improve it, as the structure of demand from tourists and tour operators, to create a product. Most of the routes, which include the need to accommodate tourists, implemented on average, in the area the day — two. At the same time, tourists do not stay in accommodation facilities for a long time and continue your route on. This circumstance serves as an incentive to change the quality of services. Moreover, the article stipulates that personal and other accommodations are well represented in the routes of major federal districts like Central, Ural, Siberia, Far East. Accommodation in hotels more common routes in the North- West, Volga, the Crimea and North Caucasian Federal District. Accommodation facilities, in this case, are the operators of the individual passive format services. However, this strategy cannot be used by all players of the hospitality industry in all federal districts. The specificity of the regions and their remoteness from each other, the price level in the field must be limiting conditions in which hoteliers could develop. It is therefore proposed that the need to actively offer ideas own hiking tour operators or actively interact with them, attracting all new, including the unorganized tourist flows.
The methodology of research and state of the tourist route network in Russia
Authors: Саранча Михаил , Sarancha Mikhail
Published: June 2015

The article presents the results of a study of the tourist route network of the Russian Federation, which was first carried out in such a large scale. At the initial stage of the research methodology was developed, which became the basis for a comprehensive review of the properties of the destinations of 11 units: basic details, consumers, the frequency of operation and limits of the means and methods of transportation, food and accommodation services, personnel, cost parameters, notes and other information. On the basis of the questionnaire was developed (consisting of 61 questions), which was sent to the regional tourist offices. From completed questionnaires information on tourist routes was reduced in a single database in the context of the federal subjects and the federal districts. Information on inter-regional routes was collected and processed separately. All information was collected for six thousand tourist routes. Separately, was developed and tested form of gathering information on tourist routes through the Internet portal "Tiving Map".

The results show that in the Russian Federation a marked predominance of intraregional routes. Inter-regional routes, despite their small amount, perform important functions of the integration of tourism potential of the area and are the basis for the deepening of these processes. Most developed route network is in the Central Federal District, the least one is in the North Caucasus. Most of the network formed in the 2010s. According to the subject areas are dominated by cognitive, educational, environmental and sport routes. In working with the customer from the tourist firms observed is weak segmentation, and the only class that acts as a support, is students ofschooh, universities and other institutions. In Russia there is a dominance of short-haul routes and those lasting one or two days, seasonality is a characteristic for only 19% of routes. There is an extremely low utilization of services in food and especially in accommodation, thereby greatly reducing the effectiveness of the impact of tourism activities on territories.
Franchising instruments as a factor of tourism development in the Russian Federation
Authors: Ганебных Елена , Ganebnykh Elena
Published: June 2015

The paper studies the features of the development of the tourist industry in Russia focusing enfranchising in tourist services. The tourism services sector worldwide is undergoing big changes associated with the development of information technology and a general increase in competition. Today we can observe two opposite processes: on the one hand, tourism services are accessible from year to year by an increasing number of individuals, on the other hand, the tourists are moving away from the services of tour operators. There is a general expansion of the tourist market, increased competition, increased spending on marketing, there is a need for continuous updating, trade secrets and know-how are developing, while there is a decreasing the life cycle of the participants of the tourist market. All this creates the need to bring together organizations and the creation of cooperative relations in their various forms and types. The article considers the brief history of the development of tourist franchising in Russia, reflects the structure of franchising market of tourist services, the organizational structure of the franchise in the tourist industry, as well as the place of tourist services franchise in the general classification of the forms of franchising. The article discussed in detail the specifics of the type of franchise-related features of tourist businesses in Russia. Special attention is paid to the issue of pricing in the activities of tour operators, as well as its impact on the effective functioning of franchise networks. On the whole franchise is regarded as one of the most viable areas of diversification in the field of tour operator and travel agent services. The relevance of such issue raises due to the crisis in the Russian outbound tourism, the occurrence of which can lead to a significant reduction of professional participants of the tourist market, the reduction of employment in the sector, reducing tax receipts.
Culture and Anthropology
Authors: Латфуллин Геннадий , Latfullin Gennadiy , Новичков Николай , Novichkov Nikolay
Published: June 2015

The article reveals the essence and content of the concept of anthropology in the context of culture as a social system. The article highlights the role and importance of anthropology in the sciences, the basic directions of study of anthropology, the characteristics of the content object and purpose of anthropology as a science, including interdisciplinary and comprehensive anthropological research. The authors pay attention to the fact that the anthropological problem is currently engaged in more than 200 sciences. The paper highlights two main areas of anthropological science which are physical anthropology and cultural anthropology. The subject of the first is associated with the natural characteristics of the person, and the second thing is formed around the social characteristics of the people who, in one way or another are connected with the culture as a basic human activity. The article notes the components of physical and cultural anthropology, highlighting the most interesting problems associated with these areas. Separately considered is the fact that the man, anyway, is always connected with the surrounding culture, and that the man, anyway, a cultural being. The paper presents 12 anthropological characteristics, formed in humans as a result of interaction with the culture. So, the following cultural aspects of human life and activity are stressed: education, socialization, purpose, self-realization, creativity, self-development, procreation, creating own cultural trail and others. The work is based on the author´s research through the study and synthesis of scientific information. The article may be interesting and useful to the scientific activities of anthropologists and cultural scientists as well as economists. The article may be of practical interest for the leaders of organizations in the management of personnel and formation of organizational culture.
The current state and development trends of the tourism and hospitality industry in Uzbekistan
Authors: Нарзиев Мирфайз , Narziev Mirfayz , Ермаков Александр , Ermakov Aleksandr , Бабакулов Абдулло , Babakulov Abdullo
Published: June 2015

The current state of the tourism industry is considered in terms of statistical data on the state of the industry, the availability of resources and tourism businesses of the tourism and hospitality industry and tourism flows from the CIS countries and far abroad. A variety of tourist resources, with particular attention from the country´s leadership to the development of the tourism industry, a comprehensive approach to ensure its stable trends are confirmed by improving the industry. The tourism industry has a steady growth of economic indicators. The country has created new tourism products in the direction of the development of pilgrimage tourism. Produced is restoration of´archaeological and architectural sites. A special place is given to the creation of a tourist route "Golden Ring" in Uzbekistan with visiting ancient cities: Bukhara, Samarkand, Khiva and others. Analysis of the industry also points to the lack of awareness of potential consumers of tourist services in Russia. The role of the tourism and hospitality industry is important for the formation of traditionally friendly relations between Russia and Uzbekistan among the older generations for young people who grew up in the former Soviet Union.
Historical-hermeneutic essay on the philosophy of Falstaff in "Prince's mirror" (admonitions to the rulers) Abu Hamid Muhammad al-Ghazali al-Tusi: proaritmicski code
Authors: Конурбаев Марклен , Konurbaev Marklen , Конурбаев Салават , Konurbaev Salavat
Published: June 2015

A hermeneutic analysis of the Oriental Philosophers´ writings is invariably a matter of great challenge and difficulty. It is always full of allegory and literary divagations which intersperse a smooth flow of argumentation. This paper is written by Marklen Konurbaev, Professor of Literature at Moscow State University and his son Salavat, a student of Arabic Philosophy. The paper consists of four parts and attempts to reveal the hidden message of a famous extract from the renowned book Ihya Ulum Al Din by a Persian philosopher Ghazall, Abu Hamid Muhammad Ibn Muhammad Al-TusI, devoted to the analysis of the notion of "fairness" in the doings of a ruler. The hermeneutic analysis was performed based on the methodology propounded by Roland Gerard Barthes — a French literary theorist, philosopher, linguist and critic. This is the first ever attempt to put together the methodological efforts of a Western scholar and profoundly oriental piece of philosophy. Results of the hermeneutic study are stunning and elucidating. The paper could be recommended to the students of literature and philosophy at universities and colleges.
The peasant family of Moscow region during the Patriotic War of 1812: numbers, composition, and structure
Authors: Прохоров Михаил , Prokhorov Mikhail
Published: June 2015

The article presents a demographic analysis of a peasant family in a village near Moscow hndin the period of the War of 1812. The subject hardly has been studied in the historical literature. Source base of this study were the documents extracted from the funds of the Central Historical Archive in Moscow. Statistical processing was performed for massive public documents and records of the church: revision lists, confessional and metric sheets (books). In them there is the nominal composition of residents of the yard, their age, family relationship. The object of the study was medium and large landed estates of Moscow and Zvenigorod district - the village of Fili and Mazilovo A.I. and D.I. Naryshkin and Selco Zakharovo of H.I. Kozlova. All three of the villages for nearly two months were occupied by French troops. On the basis of a systematic scientific approach addressed are issues such as the population of the yard, the composition and structure of the family, its human resources and typology, the moral values of the peasants in the extreme conditions of life. These issues are analyzed by comparing the key demographic indicators as the pre-war and post-war periods. These data indicate a deep demographic crisis peasant family near Moscow after the war of 1812, sharply increased mortality, reduced working capacity, the number of widows, widowers, orphans, deserted courtyards. According to the documents, only the preservation of spiritual and moral traditions, mutual aid, charity-related debt, aid from the rural world, the state and landowners have allowed farmers to survive and keep many families. But restoring the normal functioning of rural families in these settlements occurs only in the second half of the 20-s and early 30-s of 19 century. The results can be used in the formation of information base of research on Russian history and historical demography.
Excursion as one of the methods of interactive learning foreign languages in universities for tourism and service
Authors: Костоварова Валентина , Kostovarova Valentina , Чудайкина Галина , Chudaykina Galina
Published: June 2015

The article is devoted to the introduction of innovative technologies in the learning process. The authors emphasize the fact that innovative teaching activities are an important component of the educational process. The authors note that this is the foundation on which to build a competitive institution in the education market. Innovative activities are related to both scientific and methodical work of teachers and to teaching and research and scientific practice of students. The purpose of innovation is a qualitative change in the personality of a student. This differs from the traditional education system and involves the use of interactive teaching methods. High-performance, implementing non-traditional forms of training, development and education of students are the following approaches: brainstorming workshops, project development, role-playing game, excursions. The paper examines in detail one of the methods of interactive learning foreign languages - excursion. The authors conclude that the use of this method is dictated by the specifics of training of future professionals who will work in the tourism and hospitality industry and it helps to transform foreign language from passive to active skill. Based on the analysis of joint activities it is established that there is an interaction of students with each other and the teacher, who becomes an equal partner and consultant. The task of the authors of this article is to determine the value of the excursion as one of the interactive methods of teaching foreign languages in high school, to familiarize the reader with the experience of the application of this method in the teaching of foreign languages at Russian State University of Tourism and Service.
Marketing programs and the promotion of global cities on the international tourist market
Authors: Цапук Дмитрий , Tsapuk Dmitriy
Published: June 2015

The article suggests the analysis of activities to promote global cities in the international tourist markets. The leading position of global cities, not only in economics but also in attracting tourists, demands an urgent review of the main trends and methods of their promotion for possible application in the largest Russian cities. Using examples of dozens leading global cities the author highlights a number of key marketing programs of promotion of global cities on tourist markets - such as special programs for visitors and maintaining interaction with tourists, the use of social networking, branding.

The article concludes that the transition of a number of global cities to models of integrated promotion occurs as part of integrated strategies and campaigns in conjunction with the accented promoting on specific key target markets; the author considers the most striking examples of this integrated promotion. Also discussed in more detail are issues of partnership between government and business, professional, scientific and public organizations in the promotion of global cities, as a constant and essential element of the mechanism and the implementation of measures of tourist promotion. The article also pays considerable attention to the organization of major events and the sequence of events to attract tourists to the formation of tourist image of global cities. Final conclusions are valuable for use in the practice of promotion of the city in the tourist market, and for understanding contemporary forms of marketing communications.