bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Superciliary keyhole surgery for unruptured posterior communicating artery aneurysms with oculomotor nerve palsy: maximizing symptomatic resolution and minimizing surgical invasiveness
Authors: Park Jaechan , Kang Dong-Hun , Chun Bo-Young
Published: June 2011

Object

For oculomotor nerve palsy (ONP) induced by unruptured posterior communicating artery (PCoA) aneurysms, the authors performed surgical clipping via a superciliary keyhole approach as an optimal treatment modality with high efficiency and low invasiveness. In this study, they then evaluated the technical feasibility, safety, clinical outcomes, including recovery from ONP as well as cosmetic results, and durability of the procedure.

Methods

Thirteen patients presenting with complete (7 patients) or incomplete (6 patients) ONP underwent surgery via a superciliary approach. The operative video record was used to evaluate the technical feasibility, neurological examinations and CT were performed to analyze the safety of the treatment, and neuroophthalmological examinations and 3D CT angiography were undertaken to determine the effectiveness and durability of the treatment.

Results

In all cases, the aneurysms were successfully clipped using a 3.5-cm eyebrow incision and supraorbital minicraniotomy. The mean operative time was 108 ± 24 minutes. Twelve (92.3%) of the 13 patients showed complete resolution of the ONP. All 6 patients (100%) with incomplete ONP recovered completely within 1–2 months after surgery, whereas 6 (85.7%) of the 7 patients with complete ONP recovered completely within 1–6 months after surgery. Cosmetic results for the operative wounds were excellent without frontalis palsy. The durability of the treatment was ascertained based on 3D CT angiograms obtained 1 year after surgery.

Conclusions

Surgical clipping via a superciliary keyhole approach can be an optimal treatment modality for PCoA aneurysms inducing ONP because it is effective, safe, and durable.
A Public Platform for the Verification of the Phenotypic Effect of Candidate Genes for Resistance to Aflatoxin Accumulation and Aspergillus flavus Infection in Maize
Authors: Warburton Marilyn L. , Williams William Paul , Hawkins Leigh , Bridges Susan , Gresham Cathy , Harper Jonathan , Ozkan Seval , Mylroie J. Erik , Shan Xueyan
Published: June 2011

A public candidate gene testing pipeline for resistance to aflatoxin accumulation or Aspergillus flavus infection in maize is presented here. The pipeline consists of steps for identifying, testing, and verifying the association of selected maize gene sequences with resistance under field conditions. Resources include a database of genetic and protein sequences associated with the reduction in aflatoxin contamination from previous studies; eight diverse inbred maize lines for polymorphism identification within any maize gene sequence; four Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) mapping populations and one association mapping panel, all phenotyped for aflatoxin accumulation resistance and associated phenotypes; and capacity for Insertion/Deletion (InDel) and SNP genotyping in the population(s) for mapping. To date, ten genes have been identified as possible candidate genes and put through the candidate gene testing pipeline, and results are presented here to demonstrate the utility of the pipeline.
Le mythe d'autochtonie chez Hésiode et Platon
Authors: Mattéi Jean-François
Published: June 2011

Hésiode et Platon proposent deux versions du mythe d’autochtonie des premiers hommes qui, en dépit de leurs divergences, aboutissent à une périodicité analogue des âges du temps et des cycles des âmes. Hésiode utilise un mythe primitif de trois ou quatre races métalliques en rajoutant une cinquième race non métallique, celle des héros. Cette innovation déséquilibre d’autant plus l’ordre des races que la race des héros, en s’intercalant en quatrième position après les races d’or, d’argent et de bronze, mais avant la race de fer, interrompt le processus de dégradation. Jean-Pierre Vernant y reconnaît une structure en trois niveaux, chacun d’eux se divisant en deux aspects complémentaires. Les quatre premières races sont regroupées par couples, selon une figure en forme de chiasme, en tenant compte à chaque fois de leurs existences vouées à Hubris ou Dikè. Platon, au contraire, élimine la race des héros, c’est-à-dire l’adjonction d’Hésiode au mythe ancestral, et ramène les races humaines à l’homogénéité de leur nature métallique. D’autre part il mélange le bronze et le fer pour forger une troisième race double, comme la cinquième race d’Hésiode, partagée entre Dikè et Hubris. Pour le philosophe, la division structurelle intervient en premier à partir d’un schéma ternaire de l’âme, pour déployer ensuite la genèse de cinq formes de cité dans le temps et de cinq formes d’âme correspondantes. Pour le poète, les cinq âges correspondent à trois types de fonctions religieuses, en remontant de la genèse à la structure, alors que les trois âmes de Platon nous mènent vers cinq types d’hommes en descendant cette fois de la structure à la genèse. Dans les deux cas, le mythe a pour fonction de donner un sens à la succession des races autochtones sur un même sol.
Propagande et psychanalyse
Authors: Shi Qijia
Published: June 2011

Après avoir rappelé les origines étymologiques du terme « propagande » dans la culture chinoise et la culture occidentale, l’auteur s’attache à décrire les liens entre fantasmes et propagande. Se référant à certaines notions psychanalytiques (fantasmes inconscients, identification projective, régression), il rattache la propagande à la recherche d’une réitération de la position infantile chez celui à qui elle s’adresse. Il reprend la description, au niveau groupal, de l’objet omniprésent et idéalisé. L’auteur s’appuie sur l’exemple de certains régimes nutritionnistes, des cultes religieux et de certaines impostures « autobiographiques ». Il conclura son propos par une réflexion sur les modifications selon lui apportées par le « phénomène internet » à l’usage de la propagande.
Manuel Alvarez Bravo, photographe mexicain de l’abstraction figurative
Authors: Aubague Laurent
Published: June 2011

Parmi les multiples facettes de la longue œuvre de Manuel Alvarez Bravo (1902-2002), celle qui correspond à la décennie des années 1925-1935 peut susciter un intérêt particulier dans la mesure où elle semble répondre à une orientation esthétique originale, apparemment contradictoire, pouvant être qualifiée d’abstraction figurative.
El narco como telón de fondo : Fiesta en la madriguera
Authors: García Díaz Teresa
Published: June 2011

Teresa García Díaz explora algunos de los vínculos entre realidad y literatura a partir del género “narconovela”, analizando Fiesta en la madriguera, novela de Juan Pablo Villalobos. La autora observa cómo los estereotipos referentes a los narcotraficantes se cumplen tanto en la ficción literaria como en la realidad política, hecho que demuestra comparando los perfiles  de algunos capos mexicanos con los rasgos de algunos estereotipos  en las narconovelas.  Además de recurrir a diversos textos  dentro de dicho género, como La Virgen de los icarios de Fernando Vallejo, El ruido de las cosas al caer de Juan Gabriel Vázquez, “Ese modo que colma” de Daniel Sada, Tijuana: crimen y olvido de Luis Humberto Crosthwaite y Los trabajos del reino de Yuri Herrera, hecho que otorga al lector un completo panorama sobre el desarrollo y la evolución de las narconovelas, también desarrolla varias reflexiones sobre la pertinencia, la calidad estética,  el auge y la recepción de dicha modalidad narrativa.
La stéréotypie Nord/Sud dans le street art latino-américain
Authors: Botero Nataly
Published: June 2011

Les interventions visuelles dans la ville et le street-art font désormais partie du paysage urbain des villes latino-américaines. Une telle sémiotisation s’avérant riche en stéréotypes esthétiques, rhétoriques et culturels, notre analyse porte sur la façon dont la relation entre Nord et Sud en Amérique s’exprime à travers un corpus d’affiches et de graffitis latino-américains. A partir d’un point de vue des sciences du langage, nous analysons un corpus d’affiches mexicaines et de graffitis colombiens. De quelle manière ces visuels porteurs de réflexivité interrogent-ils les relations entre Nord et Sud ? De quelle façon contribuent ces visuels au processus de stéréotypage du Nord et du Sud ? Enfin, quels sont les enjeux identitaires et idéologiques d’une telle stéréotypie ? Ainsi, en véhiculant une stéréotypie de la façon dont le Nord est perçu par le Sud, les images en question élaborent une hétéro-stéréotypie (le différent) donnant lieu à une auto-stéréotypie (le semblable). Il s’agit dans ce sens d’un processus de stéréotypage relationnel où le regard porté sur l’Autre implique la mobilisation d’un regard sur Soi. Or la manière dont le Nord y est nommé, représenté et résinifié, détermine l’image que le Sud véhicule de lui-même.
La naturaleza de las articulaciones regionales en México a través del tiempo
Authors: Riojas Carlos
Published: June 2011

El ensayo expone algunas relaciones regionales a través del tiempo que han definido las características de los espacios subnacionales, se subrayan las articulaciones exógenas y endógenas que han moldeado la vida de diferentes territorios en México. La discusión gira en torno al uso y gestión de recursos naturales como el agua y los bosques, pero además se toman en cuenta otras variables relacionadas con las instituciones, la historia, economía, política y cultura. Mediante el análisis de estas articulaciones es posible entender la naturaleza de la diversidad de escenarios regionales en México, e incluso, esta variedad se ha reforzado a pesar de las constantes iniciativas homogeneizadoras de los respectivos gobiernos en turno. Dicha tendencia es coincidente con lo manifestado en otros países latinoamericanos, debido a que confluyen de manera compleja una serie de variables comunes que interactúan a nivel regional. El reconocimiento de la complejidad en la articulación regional es un punto de partida importante para entender la dinámica del crecimiento económico en América Latina, éste último a veces ha sido limitado por determinismos geográficos e institucionales, pero lo anterior no significa que sean insuperables.
Phosphorus in runoff from two highly weathered soils of the tropics
Authors: Ramírez-Ávila John , Sotomayor-Ramírez David , Martínez-Rodríguez Gustavo , Pérez-Alegría Luís
Published: June 2011

Ramírez-Ávila, J. R., Sotomayor-Ramírez, D., Martínez-Rodríguez, G. A. and Pérez-Alegría, L. R. 2011. Phosphorus in runoff from two highly weathered soils of the tropics. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 267–277. Agricultural fields with high soil phosphorus (P) content are important contributors to surface water degradation. Two consecutive simulated rainfall events were conducted on two Ultisols previously amended with inorganic P fertilizer or broiler litter. Soil test P (Bray 1 and Olsen) levels evaluated ranged from 1 to 350 mg kg−1. Surface runoff concentrations of total P (TP) and dissolved P (DP) generated by a 30-min runoff event were quantified. Runoff DP concentrations ranged from 0.08 to 3.98 mg L−1in fertilizer P-amended soils and from 0.08 to 4.93 mg L−1in broiler litter-amended soils. A single exponential model adequately described the relationships between soil test P and DP concentrations in runoff. For each soil, the soil test P-DP concentration relationships were positively influenced by soil organic matter and negatively influenced by antecedent soil moisture (P<0.05). For both soils, the soil test P-DP concentration relationships were positively influenced by groundcover percentage and negatively influenced by slope. Environmental soil test P critical levels corresponding to a runoff threshold of 1 mg L−1DP, ranged between 176 and 296 mg kg−1(Olsen) and 143 to 276 mg kg−1(Bray 1) in soils amended with fertilizer-P. In broiler litter-amended soils, threshold values were 88 and 111 mg kg−1using Olsen and Bray 1, respectively. Differences in surface runoff-P concentrations due to amendment sources, antecedent soil moisture content, soil organic matter, groundcover and slope suggest that these factors need to be considered in P management decisions at the farm level.
Carbonate removal by acid fumigation for measuring the δ13C of soil organic carbon
Authors: Ramnarine R. , Voroney R. P. , Wagner-Riddle C. , Dunfield K. E.
Published: June 2011

Ramnarine, R., Voroney, R. P., Wagner-Riddle, C. and Dunfield. K. E. 2011. Carbonate removal by acid fumigation for measuring the δ 13 C of soil organic carbon. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 247–250. Complete removal of carbonates from calcareous soil samples is critical for accurate measurement of the quantity and isotopic signature (δ13C) of soil organic carbon (SOC). Carbonates confound SOC and δ13C measurements because they have δ13C values ranging from −10‰ to +2‰, whereas those of soil organic carbon range from −27‰ to −13‰, depending on the source of plant residues. Commonly used methods for removing carbonates involve treatment with acid followed by repeated water washings; however, these methods are time consuming, labour-intensive and lead to losses of acid- and water-soluble organic carbon. Fumigation of soil samples with HCl was evaluated as an alternative method, and the time required for complete carbonate removal was determined in this study. Moistened soil samples, taken from 0- to 10-cm and 30- to 50-cm depths, were exposed to HCl vapours for periods of 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, followed by measurements of total C and δ13C using coupled elemental analyzer-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The minimum time required to remove all carbonates was ca. 30 h and 56 h for surface and subsurface soils containing 0.80 and 1.94% inorganic C, respectively. Therefore, the fumigation period required is dependent on the total carbonate content of the sample and the nature of the carbonate (pedogenic vs lithogenic). In our study, the rate of removal of inorganic carbon was 0.08–0.10 mg h−1 for soil samples sizes with 2.4 to 5.8 mg of carbonate-C, a rate similar to previous studies on acid fumigation. A “correction factor” was used to account for a change in sample mass due to fumigation and is necessary for accurate determination of SOC concentration using our proposed methodology.
A comparison of effects of one-pass and conventional potato hilling on water runoff and soil erosion under simulated rainfall
Authors: Xing Zisheng , Chow Lien , W. Rees Herb , Meng Fanrui , Monteith John , Stevens Lionel
Published: June 2011

Xing, Z., Chow, L., Rees, H. W., Meng, F., Monteith, J. and Stevens, L. 2011. A comparison of effects of one-pass and conventional potato hilling on water runoff and soil erosion under simulated rainfall. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 279–290. Hilling plays an important role in potato production, but is found to be inducing soil loss. An artificial rainfall simulation system was used to evaluate the differences between one-pass hilling (OPH, hilling performed when planting, or shortly after planting) and conventional hilling (CH, hilling performed approximately 35–45 d after planting) as well as their combination with a cover crop (ryegrass; _R) on runoff and soil loss. A three-replicate randomized block experimental design with constant rainfall intensity (120 mm h−1) was used in this study. No significant differences in runoff were found between different hilling methods. The soil losses, however, showed significant differences both among treatments, among canopy cover classes, and among their interaction terms (all P<0.001). The mean soil loss for CH was significantly higher than that for OPH, by 40%, and the mean soil loss for CH_R was higher than that for OPH_R by 57%. On average, the CH treatments (CH and CH_R) induced greater soil loss than the OPH treatments (OPH and OPH_R) by 47%. Further, the effects can vary with different canopy cover percentages. The OPH treatments (OPH and OPH_R) induced more soil loss than CH treatments (CH and CH_R), by 4.4 to 12.8%, in the <30% canopy cover group, while soil loss in the CH treatments was greater than that in OPH treatments for both the 30–70% and >70% canopy cover groups by 21–94%. Irrespective of treatment, soil loss before canopy forming was 2.4 to 8.9 times higher than the soil loss for the partial to full canopy period. With a cover crop, the CH and OPH treatments can reduce soil loss by 37–55%. One-pass hilling initiated runoff earlier than CH. The water runoff and soil loss with respect to the elapsed time since initialization of water runoff and soil loss could be modeled by a three-parameter Sigmoid function with r 2≥0.94. The information generated from this study could be used in landscape modeling to study the impacts of potato production on soil and stream water quality.
Wind speed forecasting using autoregressive moving average/generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model
Authors: Jiang Wen , Yan Zheng , Feng Dong‐Han , Hu Zhi
Published: June 2011

In this paper, a hybrid model of autoregressive moving average and generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity is proposed to forecast wind speed. In this model, the conditional variance of an observation depends linearly on the conditional variance of the previous observations and on the previous prediction errors. This conditional variance can capture the feature that the predictability of meteorological variables is not constant but shows regular variations. The quasi‐maximum likelihood estimator was used to estimate parameters of the proposed model. An improved particle swarm optimization was proposed to solve the solution of the autoregressive moving average/generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model through the log‐quasi‐likelihood function. Four different indices are introduced to demonstrate the performance of the proposed model. Generated results of different season sample sets were compared with their corresponding values when using the autoregressive moving average model. The simulation results validate the effectiveness, accuracy, and superiority of the proposed model for wind speed prediction. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Virtualization: What are the security risks?
Authors: Fanning Kurt , Cannon David M.
Published: June 2011

Virtualization—using a powerful computer to emulate many smaller computers—is an increasingly popular information technology. To the users, it is as if each has his own small separate computer. This can increase organizational agility, reduce costs, and increase the return on IT investments.

But this technological trend also brings new security risks. What are they, and how can companies control those risks? The authors of this article have some answers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How IT auditing fights money laundering
Authors: Byrne John J.
Published: June 2011

Financial institutions today have a huge role in fighting money laundering and terrorist financing. How can IT auditing help? © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tropical Pacific–North Pacific teleconnection in a coupled GCM: remote and local effects
Authors: Cherchi Annalisa , Masina Simona , Navarra Antonio
Published: June 2011

The connection between Tropical Pacific and North Pacific variability is investigated in a state‐of‐the‐art coupled ocean‐atmosphere model, comparing two 20th century simulations at T30 and T106 atmospheric horizontal resolutions. Despite a better simulation of the frequency and the spatial distribution of the Tropical Pacific anomalies associated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the high‐resolution experiment, the response in the North Pacific is scarcely different from the low‐resolution experiment where the ENSO variability is weaker and at higher than observed frequency. In the North Pacific, the response of surface atmospheric fields to the variability in the Tropical Pacific appears to be affected by local coupling processes significantly different in the two experiments. The coupling between sea level pressure (SLP) and sea surface temperature (SST) in the North Pacific as well as the influence of the Tropical Pacific SST has been measured here by means of the ‘coupled manifold’ technique. In the low‐resolution case the SLP variances linked to the fraction of North Pacific SST not influenced by the Tropical Pacific are weak suggesting that the remote influence is strong, consistently with the observations. On the contrary, in the high‐resolution experiment the fractions and the patterns of the SLP variances due to the Tropical Pacific SST and those linked to the North Pacific SST are comparable. In the latter case, model systematic errors in the northwestern Pacific influences the local coupling processes thus triggering the remote response. We conclude that an increased atmospheric horizontal resolution does not reduce the coupled model systematic errors in the representation of the teleconnection between the North and the Tropical Pacific and that the validation of coupled models has to consider both remote and local processes. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Short echo‐time 3D radial gradient‐echo MRI using concurrent dephasing and excitation
Authors: Park Jang‐Yeon , Moeller Steen , Goerke Ute , Auerbach Edward , Chamberlain Ryan , Ellermann Jutta , Garwood Michael
Published: June 2011

Ultrashort echo‐time imaging and sweep imaging with Fourier transformation are powerful techniques developed for imaging ultrashort T2 species. However, it can be challenging to implement them on standard clinical MRI systems due to demanding hardware requirements. In this article, the limits of what is possible in terms of the minimum echo‐time and repetition time with 3D radial gradient‐echo sequences, which can be readily implemented on a standard clinical scanner, are investigated. Additionally, a new 3D radial gradient‐echo sequence is introduced, called COncurrent Dephasing and Excitation (CODE). The unique feature of CODE is that the initial dephasing of the readout gradient is performed during RF excitation, which allows CODE to effectively achieve echo‐times on the order of ∼0.2 ms and larger in a clinical setting. The minimum echo‐time achievable with CODE is analytically described and compared with a standard 3D radial gradient‐echo sequence. CODE was implemented on a clinical 3 T scanner (Siemens 3 T MAGNETOM Trio), and both phantom and in vivo human knee images are shown for demonstration. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The West and China: Shake‐up in global banking?
Authors: Robinson Matthew , Hilson Chris
Published: June 2011

The global recession of 2007–2009 is altering the structure of the global banking industry. Many Western banks suffered after the fallout of the subprime mortgage market in 2007 and are having to respond to the policy ramifications of the crisis and recession. China's banks, however, have undergone performance improvements in a number of areas, both leading into and during the crisis, and they are now emerging as significant players in the global banking market.1 This “shake‐up” in global banking is occurring in five areas: independence, profitability, market focus, business models, and talent. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiple‐criteria approach to ranking medical tourism destinations
Authors: Levary Reuven R.
Published: June 2011

The characteristics of the medical tourism industry are described. Multiple criteria are used to evaluate several popular medical tourism destinations. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is shown to be the appropriate methodology for evaluating and ranking medical tourism destinations because it can incorporate input from multiple decision makers as well as handle both tangible and intangible criteria. The ranking of medical tourism destinations will enable administrators at companies that specialize in arranging the logistics of obtaining medical care at foreign facilities to better advise patients regarding their choice of medical tourism destinations. This will result in patients who are more satisfied with their choice of a foreign medical facility. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Cope rearrangement—the first born of a great family
Authors: Graulich Nicole
Published: June 2011

This review takes the experimental and theoretical discussions on the Cope rearrangement as the basis to emphasize its tight connection to many closely related pericyclic reactions. The Cope reaction, which is rather simple in a formal sense, has led to a plethora of mechanistic discussions to determine the nature of biradical‐like intermediates or transition structures. After intense experimental and theoretical investigations starting in the late 1960s, the Cope rearrangement turned out to be a multifaceted reaction with a ‘chameleonic’ nature, ranging from homoaromatic transition structures to biradical intermediates in substituted cases, and six‐electron transition states in the parent system. Additionally, the Cope rearrangement served as an excellent example to probe theoretical methods for the computations of a variety of pericyclic reactions. However, the relationship of the Cope rearrangement with analogous reactions has been hampered by the notion that pericyclic reactions typically are assumed to proceed in a concerted fashion. Only in the past 10 years, the Cope reaction, with its 1,5‐hexadiene unit, emerged as the structural and mechanistic prototype of a large family, including sigmatropic, cycloaddition, and other electrocyclic reactions as well as thermal rearrangements of polyunsaturated systems, enediynes, eneyne‐allenes, and many others. The recurrent and interconnecting motif in this family of reactions is the questions regarding cyclic aromatic transition states and the possible involvement of biradical intermediates. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2011 1 172‐190 DOI: 10.1002/wcms.17

This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Molecular Structures

Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory

Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Reaction Dynamics and Kinetics
Density functional theory with London dispersion corrections
Authors: Grimme Stefan
Published: June 2011

Dispersion corrections to standard Kohn–Sham density functional theory (DFT) are reviewed. The focus is on computationally efficient methods for large systems that do not depend on virtual orbitals or rely on separated fragments. The recommended approaches (van der Waals density functional and DFT‐D) are asymptotically correct and can be used in combination with standard or slightly modified (short‐range) exchange–correlation functionals. The importance of the dispersion energy in intramolecular cases (conformational problems and thermochemistry) is highlighted. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2011 1 211‐228 DOI: 10.1002/wcms.30

This article is categorized under:

Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory
A Case Study of Liberation Among Latino Immigrant Families Who Have Children with Disabilities
Authors: Balcazar Fabricio E. , Suarez-Balcazar Yolanda , Adames Sandra Bibiana , Keys Christopher B. , García-Ramírez Manuel , Paloma Virginia
Published: June 2011

Latino immigrant families with children with disabilities experience multiple sources of oppression during their settlement process in the United States. Unfair social structures and dominant cultural values and norms and the way they influence the immigrants’ personal life stories generate a cycle of oppression very difficult to break. This paper presents a case study of how a group of Latino parents carried out a process of liberation fueled by the generation of empowering community narratives (critical awareness leading to transformative action) that resulted from a community‐university partnership. Participants initiated a process that led them to discover their own stories of oppression and create new stories; to deconstruct the dominant cultural narratives and modify existing ones; and to understand contexts for power sharing. This joint reflection and increased awareness propelled group members to take action by founding a grassroots organization to redress some of the injustices that were partly responsible for their oppression, thus generating shifts at the personal, relational, and collective levels. In light of the theory of liberation, we discuss the participants’ development of critical awareness that led them to take action to address their unmet needs.
Phase Behavior of Palm Oil in Blends with Palm‐Based Diacylglycerol
Authors: Saberi Amir Hossein , Chin‐Ping Tan , Oi‐Ming Lai
Published: June 2011

Phase behavior of palm oil (PO) in blends with different concentrations (10% intervals) of palm‐based diacylglycerol oil (PO‐DAG) was studied using the iso‐solid diagram, solid fat content (SFC) with the hardness thermal protocol, DSC melting and crystallization curves, X‐ray diffraction curves, and texture analysis (hardness). Minor eutectic effects were observed at around 20–50% PO‐DAG in 20–50% SFC iso‐lines. The phase behavior predicted by the iso‐solid diagram as well as SFC with the hardness thermal protocol did not account for hardness variations observed between PO and PO blends with 10–40% PO‐DAG. Nevertheless, the latter could be attributed to the corresponding DSC data as well as crystal polymorphism. However, as the concentration of PO‐DAG increased from 40% to 100%, iso‐line temperatures, SFC with the hardness thermal protocol, and also hardness were found to steadily increase. PO‐DAG at 10% concentration was found to have a β′‐stabilizing effect on the polymorphism of PO, while a β‐tending effect was observed as the concentration of PO‐DAG increased from 10% to 90%.
Chromosomal Location of HWA1 and HWA2, Complementary Hybrid Weakness Genes in Rice
Authors: Ichitani Katsuyuki , Taura Satoru , Tezuka Takahiro , Okiyama Yuuya , Kuboyama Tsutomu
Published: June 2011

Hybrid weakness phenomena in rice reportedly have two causes: those of HWC1 and HWC2 genes and those of HWA1 and HWA2 genes. No detailed study of the latter has been reported. For this study, we first produced crosses among cultivars carrying the weakness-causing allele on the HWA1 and HWA2 loci to confirm the phenotype of the hybrid weakness and the genotypes of the cultivars on the two loci, as reported earlier. We then confirmed that these cultivars belong to Indica. Subsequent linkage analysis of HWA1 and HWA2 genes conducted using DNA markers revealed that both genes are located in the 1,637-kb region, surrounded by the same DNA markers on the long arm of chromosome 11. The possibility of allelic interaction inducing hybrid weakness is discussed.
Don't trust anyone over 30: Parental legitimacy as a mediator between parenting style and changes in delinquent behavior over time
Authors: Trinkner Rick , Cohn Ellen S. , Rebellon Cesar J. , Van Gundy Karen
Published: June 2011

Both law and society scholars and developmental psychologists have focused on the legitimacy of authority figures, although in different domains (police versus parents). The purpose of the current research is to bridge these two fields by examining the relations among parenting style (i.e., authoritarian, authoritative, permissive), the perception of parental legitimacy, and changes in delinquency over time. It is hypothesized that parental legitimacy mediates the relation between parenting style and future delinquent behavior. Middle school and high school students completed questionnaires three times over a period of 18 months. Parenting style and delinquent behavior were measured at time 1, parental legitimacy at time 2, and delinquency again at time 3. The results show that authoritative parenting was positively related to parental legitimacy, while authoritarian parenting was negatively associated with parental legitimacy. Furthermore, parental legitimacy was negatively associated with future delinquency. Structural equation modeling indicated that parental legitimacy mediated the relation between parenting styles and changes in delinquency over the 18‐month time period. The implications for parenting style and parental legitimacy affecting delinquent behavior are discussed.
Maximum Consumption: Heavy Quantity Drinking Amongst University Students
Authors: Robertson Kirsten , Forbes Sarah
Published: June 2011

Knowledge of students’ alcohol consumption is limited by differences in definitions and a reliance on students’ standard drink calculations. This paper examines the extent of students’ consumption across different measures. Additionally, students’ attitudes towards acceptable consumption are examined to inform public policy and social marketing. Data are presented from 167 and 102 students at two time points 6 months apart, collected using a seven-day reflective web-based diary. Students’ reports of what they drank and how much they consumed were used to estimate standard drink consumption. Findings revealed that students drank excessively: the average largest consumption in one day was 14.27 and 11.21 standard drinks for males and females, respectively, at time-point one. Drinking patterns were consistent over time, although moderate drinkers increased their consumption. As students perceived binge drinking as acceptable, we outline a norms-based intervention that could modify their behaviour.
Genomic imprinting as an adaptative model of developmental plasticity
Authors: Radford Elizabeth J. , Ferrón Sacri R. , Ferguson-Smith Anne C.
Published: June 2011

Developmental plasticity can be defined as the ability of one genotype to produce a range of phenotypes in response to environmental conditions. Such plasticity can be manifest at the level of individual cells, an organ, or a whole organism. Imprinted genes are a group of approximately 100 genes with functionally monoallelic, parental‐origin specific expression. As imprinted genes are critical for prenatal growth and metabolic axis development and function, modulation of imprinted gene dosage has been proposed to play a key role in the plastic development of the unborn foetus in response to environmental conditions. Evidence is accumulating that imprinted dosage may also be involved in controlling the plastic potential of individual cells or stem cell populations. Imprinted gene dosage can be modulated through canonical, transcription factor mediated mechanisms, or through the relaxation of imprinting itself, reactivating the normally silent allele.
Assessing women's willingness to collect their own cervical samples for HPV testing as part of the ASPIRE cervical cancer screening project in Uganda
Authors: Mitchell Sheona , Ogilvie Gina , Steinberg Malcolm , Sekikubo Musa , Biryabarema Christine , Money Deborah
Published: June 2011

Objective

To assess women's willingness to collect their own samples for HPV testing as the first part of a screening program for cervical cancer in Uganda.

Methods

In March and April 2010, trained assistants from Kisenyi interviewed 300 women aged 30 to 65 years who lived and/or worked in this community. Descriptive data and multivariate modeling were used to identify the predictors of the women's willingness to collect their own cervical samples.

Results

More than 80% of the 300 participants were willing to collect their own samples. In multivariate modeling, factors positively associated with this willingness were agreement to let outreach workers deliver the necessary swab at their homes (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 4.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.83–9.18) and willingness to undergo a pelvic examination if the sample was abnormal (AOR, 3.91; 95% CI,1.03–14.90). Factors negatively associated were embarrassment at collecting the sample at home where they lacked privacy (AOR, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.03–0.29) and concern of not collecting the sample properly (AOR, 0.1; 95% CI, 0.05–0.3).

Conclusion

Self‐collection is an option in impoverished settings in Africa. To improve acceptability, women should be taught how to properly collect their own cervical sample and encouraged to find ways to make the collection less embarrassing.
Effects of the Kampo medication keishibukuryogan on blood pressure in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women
Authors: Terauchi Masakazu , Akiyoshi Mihoko , Owa Yoko , Kato Kiyoko , Obayashi Satoshi , Kubota Toshiro
Published: June 2011

Objective

To examine the effects of keishibukuryogan (TJ‐25)—a medicine of the Kampo tradition (the Japanese adaptation of Chinese herbal medicine)—on middle‐aged women with high blood pressure.

Methods

The records of 77 peri‐ and postmenopausal women with high‐normal blood pressure or hypertension were analyzed retrospectively. The women had participated in the Systematic Health and Nutrition Education Program at the Tokyo Medical and Dental University in Tokyo, Japan, and had received education only (controls; n = 47) or education and treatment with TJ‐25 (n = 30).

Results

The baseline characteristics of the 2 groups were comparable. After approximately 6 months, women in the TJ‐25 group showed significant reductions in their systolic blood pressure (from 148.4 mm Hg to 134.8 mm Hg), diastolic blood pressure (from 89.7 mm Hg to 83.7 mm Hg), pulse rate (from 79.5 beats/min to 73.5 beats/min), and resting energy expenditure (from 1552 kcal/day to 1373 kcal/day). Several menopausal symptoms including perspiration, difficulty in initiating sleep, nonrestorative sleep, and headaches/dizziness were also improved. In addition, women in the TJ‐25 group had increased health‐related quality of life scores in the domains of physical health and life satisfaction.

Conclusion

TJ‐25 alleviates menopausal symptoms and concurrently lowers the blood pressure of middle‐aged women with high blood pressure.
Combined contraceptive ring versus combined oral contraceptive (30‐μg ethinylestradiol and 3‐mg drospirenone)
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed M.M. , El‐Sherbiny Wael S.M. , Mostafa Walaa A.I.
Published: June 2011

Objectives

To compare the adverse effects, cycle control, and metabolic effects of NuvaRing and a combined oral contraceptive (COC).

Methods

Women seeking contraception received NuvaRing (n = 300) or a COC (n = 300) for 12 cycles in a randomized, open‐label trial.

Results

The total number of women with adverse effects did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Leucorrhea, vaginitis, decreased libido, and ring‐related problems were more common with NuvaRing, whereas weight increase, acne, and emotional lability were more common with the COC. Breakthrough bleeding occurred in 11.3% of women receiving NuvaRing and in 14.7% of women receiving the COC; 2.1% and 2.9% of women, respectively, had no withdrawal bleeding. Differences in blood pressure, blood sugar levels, lipid profile, liver enzyme activity, and anticoagulant activity were not statistically significant, with the exception of low‐density lipoprotein levels measured at 6 and 12 months, which were significantly lower in the NuvaRing group than in the COC group.

Conclusions

NuvaRing is a good alternative to a COC. It is associated with a slightly reduced incidence of breakthrough bleeding and there were no clinically relevant adverse effects or changes in blood pressure, blood sugar levels, lipid profile, or anticoagulant activity when compared with the COC.
Stem Cells for Central Nervous System Repair and Rehabilitation
Authors: Ritfeld Gaby J. , Roos Raymund A.C. , Oudega Martin
Published: June 2011

The central nervous system (CNS) has limited capacity for self‐repair. Current treatments are often incapable of reversing the debilitating effects of CNS diseases that result in permanent and/or progressive physical and cognitive impairments. One promising repair strategy is transplantation of stem cells, which can potentially replace lost neurons and/or glia or promote repair through secretion of trophic factors. Various types of stem cells exist, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. Although no consensus exists regarding the optimal cell type to use, moderate functional improvements have been shown in animal models of CNS diseases using different types of stem cells. However, the precise mechanism of action behind their beneficial effects remains unknown. In addition, many barriers to clinical use still need to be resolved before transplantation of stem cells can be used as effective biologics. These barriers include—depending on the stem cell type—possible tumor formation, difficulty with harvest, limited in vivo differentiation and integration, and ethical issues regarding use.
Progesterone and Vitamin D Hormone as a Biologic Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury in the Aged
Authors: Stein Donald G. , Cekic Milos M.
Published: June 2011

There is growing recognition that traumatic brain injury is a highly variable and complex systemic disorder that is refractory to therapies that target individual mechanisms. It is even more complex in elderly persons, in whom frailty, previous comorbidities, altered metabolism, and a long history of medication use are likely to complicate the secondary effects of brain trauma. Progesterone, one of the few neuroprotective agents that has shown promise for the treatment of acute brain injury, is now in national and international phase 3 multicenter trials. New findings show that vitamin D hormone (VDH) and VDH deficiency in the aging process (and across the developmental spectrum) may interact with progesterone and treatment for traumatic brain injury. In this article we review the use of progesterone and VDH as biologics‐based therapies along with recent studies demonstrating that the combination of progesterone and VDH may promote better functional outcomes than either treatment independently.
Post-collisional polycyclic plutonism from the Zagros hinterland: the Shaivar Dagh plutonic complex, Alborz belt, Iran
Authors: AGHAZADEH MEHRAJ , CASTRO ANTONIO , BADRZADEH ZAHRA , VOGT KATHARINA
Published: June 2011

The petrological and geochronological study of the Cenozoic Shaivar Dagh composite intrusion in the Alborz Mountain belt (NW Iran) reveals important clues to decipher complex relations between magmatic and tectonic processes in the central sectors of the Tethyan (Alpine–Himalayan) orogenic belt. This pluton is formed by intrusion at different times of two main magmatic cycles. The older (Cycle 1) is formed by calc-alkaline silicic rocks, which range in composition from diorites to granodiorites and biotite granites, with abundant mafic microgranular enclaves. The younger cycle (Cycle 2) is formed by K-rich monzodiorite and monzonite of marked shoshonitic affinity. The latter form the larger volumes of the exposed plutonic rocks in the studied complex. Zircon geochronology (laser ablation ICP-MS analyses) gives a concordia age of 30.8 ± 2.1 Ma for the calc-alkaline rocks (Cycle 1) and a range from 23.3 ± 0.5 to 25.1 ± 0.9 Ma for the shoshonitic association (Cycle 2). Major and trace element relations strongly support distinct origins for each magmatic cycle. Rocks of Cycle 1 have all the characteristic features of active continental margins. Shoshonitic rocks (Cycle 2) define two continuous fractionation trends: one departing from a K-rich basaltic composition and the other from an intermediate, K-rich composition. A metasomatized-mantle origin for the two shoshonitic series of Cycle 2 is proposed on the basis of comparisons with experimental data. The origin of the calc-alkaline series is more controversial but it can be attributed to processes in the suprasubduction mantle wedge related to the incorporation of subducted mélanges in the form of silicic cold plumes. A time sequence can be established for the processes responsible of the generation of the two magmatic cycles: first a calc-alkaline cycle typical of active continental margins, and second a K-rich cycle formed by monzonites and monzodiorites. This sequence precludes the younger potassic magmas as precursors of the older calc-alkaline series. By contrast, the older calc-alkaline magmas may represent the metasomatic agents that modified the mantle wedge during the last stages of subduction and cooked a fertile mantle region for late potassic magmatism after continental collision.
The Charisma of Power and the Military Sublime in Tiananmen Square
Authors: Lee Haiyan
Published: June 2011

While a growing scholarship has shed light on the spatial transformations of Tiananmen Square and its environs, not enough attention has been paid to the sacralization of power through symbols, rituals, and mythologies that lend enduring legitimacy to the Chinese Communist Party and the socialist revolution it led. This article examines how the official iconography of Tiananmen Square constructs the charisma of power through what I call the “military sublime.” Using the 1985 filmThe Big Paradeas a primary example, I argue that the martyrology and pageantry of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) exemplify the dominant mode of symbolic investment of space which not only constitutes the nation as a militarized body politic but also frames the tradition of dissent associated with the Square, most notably the 1989 protest movement.
Introduction to the JAS Mini-Forum “Regarding North Korea”
Authors: Oppenheim Robert
Published: June 2011

As Charles Armstrong notes in beginning his review essay that follows, deliberately or not North Korea has been in the headlines. Over the past two decades, and notwithstanding the publication timelines that affect our business, it has rarely been a risk for an academic author to start any piece by stating just that. While the articles that comprise this Journal of Asian Studies “mini-forum” on North Korea had already been commissioned, it will surprise no reader to learn that their framing and urgency shifted in response to recent events. As this issue goes to press, such events have included the November 2010 artillery skirmish centered on Yŏnp'yŏng Island, the choreographed revelation in the same month of Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) uranium enrichment facilities to visiting nuclear scientist Siegfried Hecker, and the March 2010 sinking of the South Korean warship Cheonan. All of these incidents—in combination with actions and inactions by South Korea, the United States, and other regional powers—arguably moved the peninsula closer to “the brink” at the end of 2010 than it had been for some time.
A Muslim Vision for the Chinese Nation: Chinese Pilgrimage Missions to Mecca during World War II
Authors: Mao Yufeng
Published: June 2011

In the late 1930s, three groups of Sino-Muslims went on hajj trips to Mecca. Two of them represented the Republic of China, while one represented the puppet government in Japanese-occupied North China. Reflecting the political importance of the Muslim population in the Sino-Japanese struggle, each group engaged in propaganda efforts for its government. However the Sino-Muslims who participated in these missions were not merely the passive pawns of Chinese authorities. Rather, archival material and published sources in Chinese and Arabic show that Sino-Muslims actively used these missions to advance a vision of the Chinese nation in which Muslims would play an important role in domestic and foreign affairs. This vision was based on a particular understanding of global politics which allowed Sino-Muslim elites to reconcile the transnational characteristic of Islam with loyalty to the territorially bound “Chinese nation.”
Abortion and Moral Risk
Authors: Moller D.
Published: June 2011

It is natural for those with permissive attitudes toward abortion to suppose that, if they have examined all of the arguments they know against abortion and have concluded that they fail, their moral deliberations are at an end. Surprisingly, this is not the case, as I argue. This is because the mere risk that one of those arguments succeeds can generate a moral reason that counts against the act. If this is so, then liberals may be mistaken about the morality of abortion. However, conservatives who claim that considerations of risk rule out abortion in general are mistaken as well. Instead, risk-based considerations generate an important but not necessarily decisive reason to avoid abortion. The more general issue that emerges is how to accommodate fallibilism about practical judgment in our decision-making.