bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Carbazole-Based Organic Dyes with Various Acceptors for Dye-Sensitized
Solar Cells: Synthesis, Characterization, DSSCs Fabrications and DFT Study
Authors: Kumaran T. Saravana , Prakasam A. , Vennila P. , Banu S. Parveen , Venkatesh G.
Published: June 2021

The molecular configuration, synthesis and characterization of (E)-3-(6-bromo-9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-
3-yl)acrylic acid (BPA), (E)-3-(6-bromo-9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid (BPCA) and
(E)-N′-((6-bromo-9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)methylene)-2-cyanoacetohydrazide (BPCH) configured
D-π-A sensitizers and the sensitizers are used in DSSCs. Dye molecules are described by FT-IR,
NMR and UV-Vis analysis. The study shows that the non-planar structure of BPA, BPCA and BPCH
can effectively slow down the aggregation and conjugation of the dye. Computed vibrational modes
are compared with observed bands. The Frontier molecular orbital (FMO) and molecular electrostatic
potential (MEP) have also been calculated using DFT-B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) basis set.
Physical-chemical parameters have also been analyzed using density functional theory. The most
excellent DSSC performance in photovoltaic characterization is demonstrated by the dye molecules.
Microwave Assisted Synthesis of MoS2/PANI/ZnO Nanocomposites as a
Working Electrode for Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Balavijayalakshmi J. , Krithika S.
Published: June 2021

Transition metal dichalcogenide and polyaniline doped zinc oxide nanocomposites influence the
transition probabilities and electronic structure. In present study, the various concentrations of
MoS2/PANI/ZnO nanocomposites are synthesized by microwave assisted method. These
nanocomposites are characterized by using XRD, FESEM, HRTEM and FT-IR. The XRD results
revealed an average crystallite size of synthesized nanocomposites, which was found to be 19-24 nm.
The electrochemical properties of the nanocomposites are studied through the CV, EIS and GCD for
the application of supercapacitor as an active electrode material. The MoS2/PANI/ZnO nanocomposites
exhibited a specific capacitance of 577 F g-1 and also retained 90% of its initial specific capacitance
even after 5000 cycles. Hence MoS2/PANI/ZnO nanocomposites have potential application for energy
storage applications.
Speciation and Enrichment of Cadmium and Lead from Water Samples using
Fe3O4/rGO Sorbent in Dispersive Magnetic Micro-Solid Phase Extraction with
Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy
Authors: Hanapi N.S.M. , Safie W. , Anis A.L. , Zaini N. , Ibrahim W.N.W. , Abdullah U.A.A.U.
Published: June 2021

This work reports the development of dispersive magnetic solid-phase extraction (DMSPE) with high
resolution ICP-OES for the pre-concentration of cadmium and lead in water samples. The method
uses magnetic reduced graphene oxide (Fe3O4/rGO) as adsorbent. The influences of sample pH,
extraction time, desorption solvent and desorption time were evaluated and optimized. In the optimized
conditions, linear calibration curves for Cd2+ and Pb2+ were obtained in the range of 10-2000 μg L-1
with correlation coefficients of 0.9996 and 0.9995, respectively. Low detection limits of Cd2+ and Pb2+
were found to be 9.03 μg L-1 and 12.4 μg L-1, respectively. Good relative recovery values, in the range
of 91-95% and excellent repeatability of 6.4-9.9%, (n = 3) were obtained. The results revealed that
Fe3O4/rGO can be a suitable nanocomposite sorbent in the speciation and pre-concentration of Cd2+
and Pb2+ for tap water and drinking water samples. The method is rapid, selective, reliable and
environmentally friendly for the determination of Cd2+ and Pb2+ in water samples.
Recent Updates on Biopolymers based Wound Dressings
Authors: Arora Sonia , Nagpal Manju , Kaur Malkiet
Published: June 2021

Wound dressing is designed to support the wound bed and protect it from the factors that may delay or
impede its healing such as contamination and moisture thereby facilitating and accelerate the healing
process. The material used to prepare wound dressing include natural and synthetic polymer as their
combination in the form of film and sponges that may be extensively used in wound dressing material.
Naturally occurring polymers having many importance because of high biocompatibility and
environmentally finding properties. Polysaccharides are naturally occurring polymers that have been
extensively used as wound dressing materials. Homopolysaccharide are a class of polysaccharides
consists of only one type of monosaccharide. Naturally occurring polymers are used for wound dressing
properties because of their extracellular matrix as good acceptance by biological system. Polysaccharide
is type of naturally occurring polymers that offer the advantage of good hemocompatibility and low
cost in comparison with other biopolymers. The current review intends to overview the studies in
which wound dressings from naturally-occurring polymers including chitosan, silk fibroin, sodium
alginate and hyaluronic acid were considered.
Antiviral Activity of Azithromycin (A Synthetic Macrolide) for Next Step of COVID-19
Authors: Subhash  , Pinki  , Chaudhary Ashu
Published: June 2021

Animated number of passing and affirmed instances of COVID-19 requires an earnest interest in
viable and accessible medications for SARS-CoV-2 treatment. On the way to that activity, potential
medications alike ivermectin, hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin have been tried by assorted groups
of analysts universal for their probable in contradiction of novel COVID. The point of this survey is to
portray the pharmacologic instrument, medical proof and recommending rules relating to azithromycin
in Coronavirus affected role. Antiviral and immunomodulatory impacts of azithromycin is less proved,
which moreover did not depend on outcomes from Coronavirus patients explicitly. Azithromycin is a
manufactured macrolide anti-toxin compelling against an expansive scope of bacterial and mycobacterial
contaminations. Because of an extra scope as antiviral and anti-inflammatory assets, that's why it
given to patient with the COVIDS MERS-CoV or SARS-CoV. Here, we rundowns information from
in murine, vitro and human clinical investigations on the counter popular and mitigating characteristics
of macrolides, especially azithromycin. Azithromycin decreases in vitro repetition of a few classes of
infections together with influenza A, rhinovirus, Zika infection, Ebola and COVIDS. These properties
could be helpful all through the COVID-19. The azithromycin a macrolide presents a notable wellbeing
outline. Forthcoming medical preliminaries will decide the part of this macrolide in the Coronavirus.
Determination of Frequently Used Parabens in Shampoo and
Conditioners using Validated HPLC Assay Method
Authors: Lavakumar S. , Vivekanand P.A. , Prince A.A.M.
Published: June 2021

Parabens are esters of p-hydroxy benzoic acid and widely used as preservatives with a broad spectrum
of antimicrobial activity in cosmetic, foods and pharmaceutical products. Methyl, ethyl, propyl and
butyl paraben are commonly used in many cosmetic products. The concentration level of these parabens
was restricted to maximum 1%. Recently, many cosmetic products such as shampoo and hair
conditioners are available in the Indian market with label claims "no-parabens in the products". A
HPLC method is developed for determining four frequently used parabens namely, methyl, ethyl,
propyl and butyl paraben in shampoo and hair conditioners. The chromatographic separation was
carried out on Phenomenex Kromasil C18 column (150 mm × 4.6mm i.d, 5 μm particle size) with
water: methanol (60:40 v/v) as mobile phase and UV detection was performed at 254 nm. The method
was validated with respect to specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness. The calibration
curve was achieved to be linear and regression coefficient obtained was > 0.9999 for all the parabens.
Accuracy of chromatographic method was evaluated by standard addition method; paraben content
was estimated in eleven commercial shampoos and four hair conditioners available in Indian market
which were claimed as no parabens were evaluated to assess the quality of claims of these samples.
The results indicated that all the tested shampoos and hair conditioners met the requirements of the
standards.
Ratiometric Sensing and Discrimination of Rutile and Anatase
TiO2 Nanoparticles by a Quinoline-Benzimidazole Conjugate
Authors: Suguna S. , Velmurugan K. , Sheebha I. , David C. Immanuel , Vidhya B. , Prabhu J. , Nandhakumar R.
Published: June 2021

A quinoline-benzimidazole conjugate 1 has been synthesized as a potential probe to discriminate the
TiO2 anatase and rutile nanoparticles by fluorimetry. Probe 1 exhibits selective TiO2 sensing through
a photoinduced electron transfer process (PET) and the ratiometric sensing response by intramolecular
charge transfer (ICT) mechanism. The binding ratio and the association constants were also calculated.
The limit of detection of TiO2 nanoparticles by probe 1 was upto micro molar concentrations.
Bioanalytical Method Development and Validation for Determination of Sulfasalazine in Rabbit Plasma by HPLC-UV
Authors: Jadiya S.S. , Upmanyu N. , Arulmozhi S. , Jain V. , Sankaran S. , Soni R.
Published: June 2021

In present study, an advanced, simple and a rapid reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed for the quantitative determination of sulfasalazine in rabbit plasma. Sulfasalazine was separated using Chromatopak C-18 basic peerless (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5μ) column in an isocratic mode using mobile phase consisting of the mixture of 10mM Ammonium acetate pH adjusted to 4.5 and acetonitrile (70:30 v/v) with a flow rate of about 1.0 mL/min at ambient temperature. An ultra-violet detection of sulfasalazine and the internal standard was carried out at 362 nm. Both sulfasalazine and internal standard (IS, 4-hydroxy benzoate) were extracted from plasma matrices with high efficiency using a simple protein precipitation method. The method was found to be highly selective with no carryover effects. Linearity of sulfasalazine was found with the range of 2.5-100 μg/mL with the value of r2 > 0.995 a correlation coefficient. At all three quality control levels, developed bioanalytical method was found as repeatable and reproducible as well. The average recoveries of sulfasalazine from plasma were in the range of 95.59-97.16%. The bioanalytical samples showed good and acceptable stability of sulfasalazine solution at different storage, packaging and handling conditions. Hence, in conclusion, the validated and developed HPLC-UV method could be effectively utilized for determination of sulfasalazine in pharmacokinetic studies involving novel formulations.
Los patronímicos en los grammatici Latini. La adaptación de una categoría importada
Authors: Burghini Julia
Published: June 2021

Este artículo analiza la doctrina de los nombres patronímicos (nomina patronyma) en los grammatici Latini, doctrina adaptada de la gramática griega. Las considerables diferencias entre el sistema onomástico latino y el griego ocasionaron, en palabras de Denecker y Swiggers (Denecker, Tim y Pierre Swiggers. 2018. The articulus according to Latin grammarians up to the early Middle Ages: The complex interplay of tradition and innovation in grammatical doctrine. Glotta 94. p. 130), “situaciones de negociación” al momento de trasladar el sistema de una lengua a la otra – por ejemplo, los sufijos – y de ofrecer latinos para ilustrar fenómenos originalmente griegos. Los diferentes grammatici no lidiaron del mismo modo con estas situaciones, y, como resultado, hay una clara diferencia entre la doctrina de los patronímicos de las artes grammaticae “occidentales” y de las “orientales” – i.e., las elaboradas en la parte occidental y oriental del Imperio respectivamente –. A través de un recorrido de la doctrina gramatical de los patronímicos – de Dionisio Tracio a Prisciano –, este artículo analizará cómo los grammatici adaptaron, según su origen, tradiciones y destinatarios, esta categoría a la lengua latina.
Investigation of morphology and transport properties of Na+ ion conducting PMMA:PEO hybrid polymer electrolyte
Authors: Ravindar Reddy M. , Mallikarjun Anna , Reddy M. Jaipal , Subrahmanyam A. R. , Reddy M. Vikranth
Published: June 2021

The aim of this research work is to examine the modification of structure, morphology and conductivity properties of PMMA: PEO blend hybrid polymer electrolyte system complexed with NaClO4 salt. Solution-cast procedure was adopted in preparation of these films. These films were characterized with XRD, SEM, DSC, and DC conductivity for the evaluation of modified properties. Peaks have disappeared and broadened in the XRD pattern of PMMA for higher concentration of PEO polymer and salt presented films, which indicated that attaining of higher amorphous phase in these polymer electrolyte films. Almost smooth surface morphology with fewer pores was observed in 20 wt. % of PEO and NaClO4 salt present PMMA films of SEM image. This establishes a dominant presence of amorphous content in these NaClO4 complexed PMMA:PEO hybrid electrolyte films when compared to pure PMMA and PEO. Disappearance of melting temperature was observed in all concentrations of NaClO4 salt and PEO polymer added PMMA polymer films, which suggests a decrease of crystalline and an increase of amorphous nature. Enhancing of DC conductivity with temperature was observed in all the films but higher conductivity was exhibited at higher concentration of NaClO4 salt present films.
I. Neue Überlegungen zu Rechtsquellender Provinz Noricum:Eine rechtshistorische Perspektive auf die Gesetzesfragmente aus Lauriacum
Authors: Scheibelreiter Philipp , Rafetseder Niklas
Published: June 2021

A legal historian’s perspective on fragmentary inscriptions from Lauriacum. The fragments 4 and 18 from the small corpus of Roman legal inscriptions found at Lauriacum (Lorch/Upper Austria) contain a fragmentary text of eight lines. The terminology used in the inscription is that of a municipal law, and so the first commentators tried to identify the whole inscription as an extract from the Lex Flavia municipalis, although both fragments do not show a literal accordance to a rubric of this lex. As it will be seen, the fragments on the one hand concern the iurisdictio of municipal magistrates. On the other hand, the words usus captio, which can be read in line 7 of the tablet, have provoked a broad discussion among legal historians, who tried to explain, why the usucapio, an institution of the ius civile, could have been mentioned in this provincial context. In the last 40 years the Lex Lauriacensis has not been in the focus of Roman lawyers, and it has never been subject of a detailed commentary. Because of that, the text of the inscription and its possible additions shall be reconsidered and commentated in the following interdisciplinary study.
III. Nota in materia di deontologia professionale e onorari nella pratica giuridica romana: giuristi, oratori, avvocati
Authors: Peppe Leo
Published: June 2021

Note on professional ethics and fees in the Roman legal practice: jurists, orators, advocates. At first sight, there seems to be an accurate terminology for actors of legal assistance in Ancient Rome. Their understanding, however, must be occasionally reassessed in light of the particular context of Roman society in its respective time (such as the relevance of clientela, amicitia, and bureaucracy). Moreover, the legal practice must be analysed to further clarify their understanding. At the end of the Republic and in the Classical Age, the central topics are the links and contradictions between gratuitousness, gratia and remuneration (Cic. off. 2,65,66; D. 50,13). However, there are some actors that are difficult to grasp, such as iuris studiosi. Furthermore, no ideology can be identified concerning an advocate’s duties and countering an unscrupulous practice (Cic. off. 2,51). In Late Antiquity, the notion of key legal professionals grounds on advocati and iuris periti, as can be derived from the Colloquia scholica and in Edictum de pretiis 7,72. This development led to the creeping introduction of a remuneration for the legal profession until its realisation, manifested in Aug. Epist. 153,23.
V. II principio dell’irretroattività della legge nell’esperienza giuridica romana dell’età repubblicana
Authors: Laffi Umberto
Published: June 2021

The Principle of the Irretroactivity of the Law in the Roman Legal Experience in the Republican Age. Through an in-depth analysis of literary and legal sources (primarily Cicero) and of epigraphic evidence, the author demonstrates that the principle of the law’s non-retroactivity was known to, and applied by, the Romans since the Republican age. The political struggle favored on several occasions the violation of this principle by imposing an extraordinary criminal legislation, aimed at sanctioning past behaviors of adversaries. But, although with undeniable limits of effectiveness in the dynamic relationship with the retroactivity, the author acknowledges that at the end of the first century BC non-retroactivity appeared as the dominant principle, consolidated both in the field of the civil law as well as substantive criminal law.
VI. Tryphonin, Papinian und die Rücksicht auf immaterielle Nachteile im Schuldrecht
Authors: Harke Jan Dirk
Published: June 2021

Tryphonin, Papinian and the regard for immaterial losses in the law of obligations. Contrary to the first impression given by the sources, there is no dispute among late classical lawyers as to whether a creditor can obtain compensation for an immaterial loss. Rather, the only disputed issue is whether a creditor can demand compensation for performance of monetary value even if it had benefitted a third party. Papinian and Paul affirm this with reference to the precept of bona fides. Tryphonin focuses on the creditor’s freedom of disposal: If the creditor can claim his interest in a hypothetical sale of the object of performance, he must also be entitled to do so if he wants to pass it on free of charge and thus prove his generosity.
VII. ‘Judging beyond the sandal’: Law and rhetoric in D. 19,2,31 (Alf. 5 dig. a Paulo epit.)
Authors: Candy Peter
Published: June 2021

D. 19,2,31 (Alf. 5 dig. a Paulo epit.) contains a juristic responsum composed in the intermediate rhetorical style. The recognition that the fragment has rhetorical aspects helps toward solving problems of authorship and makes the text intelligible from a legal perspective. The legal and rhetorical quality of the reply provides an insight into the intellectual culture of late Republican Rome.
VIII. Parakatatheke und letztwillige Verfügungen: Zum Hintergrund von D. 32,37,5
Authors: Jakab Éva
Published: June 2021

Parakatatheke and last wills: on the background of D. 32.37.5. Already Hans Julius Wolff refused the idea of a hermetical isolation between Roman law and local (provincial) legal practice in everyday life. Following his trace, this contribution will show that legal intercourse between different classes of provincial populace was far more intensive than generally assumed. Focusing on the period before the Constitutio Antoniniana (212 AD), a detailed exegesis of a unique decision of Scaevola follows. The Roman jurist delivers a paradigmatic case: He settles a dispute in which the Greek formula of parakatatheke was used by a Roman citizen for disposing about his assets on death. In fact, the legal act should be considered ineffective under Roman law. However, Scaevola looked for ways to enforce the claim. Roman law and provincial legal custom: Scaevola’s decision sheds a new light on the creative approach of Roman jurisdiction regarding foreign legal thoughts.
IX. Zu Ursprung und Zweck der sog. laesio enormis
Authors: Pennitz Martin
Published: June 2021

Reflections on the origin and scope of so-called laesio enormis: This paper attempts to show that the doctrine of so-called laesio enormis has its roots neither in social or economic reasons nor in moral or religious reasons. In the famous constitution C. 4,44,2 (lex secunda) Gregorius, a secretary of petitions under emperor Diocletian, has to solve a delicate juridical problem concerning agency: A father had sold land belonging to his son (as a procurator) for less than half of its true value, obviously committing fraud. According to classical law (Iul. D. 41,4,7,6) the dominus negotii is allowed to sue a buyer of good faith if his procurator sells land below value for the sole purpose of causing loss. But as a son is not allowed to assert his father’s dolus (cf. for example C. 2,50,5,1), C.4,44,2 establishes objective criteria instead in order to decide in favour of the son. This allows us to explain the ultra dimidium rule, the criterion of pretium iustum, the right of the buyer to pay the difference, as well as the facts that the lex secunda is cited in C. 4,44,8 (by Hermogenian) as a precedent and that later constitutions (as CTh. 3,1,1; 4; 7) ignore a laesio ultra dimidium. Futhermore the paper discusses the procedural rules of the rescission of such a sale under Diocletian.
X. Roman Law from the Desert: A.S. Hunt, F. de Zulueta, E. Levy, V. Arangio-Ruiz and the Editing of Legal Papyri
Authors: Atzeri Lorena
Published: June 2021

The Papyrology Rooms of the Sackler Library, Oxford, preserve the correspondence of the two famous papyrologists, B.P. Grenfell and A.S. Hunt, conducted with numerous scholars from Britain and continental Europe. The main subject of this correspondence is the editing of the texts found in the Oxyrhynchus papyri. On some of the most important legal papyri, namely P.Oxy. 1814, 2089 and especially 2103 (the ‘Oxyrhynchus Gaius’), Hunt sought out the collaboration of Roman law scholars such as F. de Zulueta, W.W. Buckland and E. Levy, who all participated to a varying degree in the editorial process of these legal documents. These letters, some of them hitherto unknown, are here published for the first time. They reveal the extent of the collaboration especially between Hunt and de Zulueta, the Regius Professor of Civil Law in Oxford. In addition to this correspondence, another letter on the same theme was discovered in the University Library of Aberdeen, where de Zulueta’s personal library is now located. It was sent to de Zulueta by the Italian Roman law scholar V. Arangio-Ruiz, who was then editing the PSI 1182 (the ‘Florentine Gaius’), and shows the ongoing dialogue between the two scholars on this important legal papyrus. Taken together, these letters allow a reconstruction of the editorial process applied to some of the most significant witnesses of Roman law sources unearthed in the 20th century. This in turn provokes reflection on the desirability of submitting the standard editions of these sources to a new critical analysis.
Cautio de rato und naturale debitum bei Venuleius D.46,8,8,1
Authors: Harke Jan Dirk
Published: June 2021

Cautio de rato und naturale debitum in Venuleius D.46,8,8,1. Venuleius deals with a unique case of naturalis obligatio: If a debtor, when paying to a an agent of the creditor, obtains a guarantee of approval by the creditor, he thereby indirectly recognises the claim and can therefore no longer invoke that the claim did not exist in reality, even if he defeats the creditor in a later trial.
Zur Bedeutung von σύγκτησις in Inschriften
Authors: Kaiser Wolfgang
Published: June 2021

On the meaning of Synktesis in inscriptions. The paper argues that the word σύγκτησις has the same meaning in inscriptions as in literary sources. Σύγκτησις refers to several contiguous pieces of land owned by one person.
Zur Bedeutung von σύγκτησις bei byzantinischen Geschichtsschreibern
Authors: Kaiser Wolfgang
Published: June 2021

On the meaning of σύγκτησις in Byzantine historians. The paper deals with the meaning of the word σύγκτησις in the works of Michael Attaliates and Nicetas Choniates.
Will of Apollos Daughter of Paesis from Oxyrhynchos*)
Authors: Nowak Maria
Published: June 2021

The article is a re-edition of a papyrus published in the fourth volume of The Oxyrhynchus Papyri as a descriptum. It is a second-century will made for a female testator in Oxyrhynchos. One of the dispositions preserved in this text draws attention as it resembles the Roman legatum per praeceptionem, although the will was made for a peregrine.
Wer ließ in der Grabinschrift I.Milet VI 2,570 sieben Zeilen eradieren?
Authors: Thür Gerhard
Published: June 2021

Who got seven lines erased in the funeral inscription I.Milet VI 2.570? In a funeral inscription from Miletus, well known since 1843, two passages have been neatly erased already in Antiquity. Recently they were carefully reconstructed by Praust and Wiedergut. This contribution aims to deepen the social and legal meaning of the text being not fully grasped by the authors. Surprisingly, among the persons entitled to be buried the owner of the grave monument did not mention his wife, and he restricted his sons to being sheer participants in the grave. On the other hand, he entrusted an outsider woman and her children (probably his own offspring) with power of disposal over the grave. Because of this woman his wife might have quitted the wedlock and claimed her dowry. After the owner’s death the dispute was settled resulting in the two erasures: the younger son, objecting the compromise, had been completely excluded and the former wife finally was admitted being buried in the monument.
External Training Demands in Women's Varsity Rugby Union Players Quantified by Wearable Microtechnology With Individualized Speed Thresholds
Authors: Nyman Danielle L.E. , Spriet Lawrence L.
Published: June 2021

Nyman, DLE and Spriet, LL. External training demands in women's varsity rugby union players quantified by wearable microtechnology with individualized speed thresholds. J Strength Cond Res 36(11): 3151–3158, 2022—This study used wearable Global Positioning System (GPS) microtechnology with individualized speed thresholds to examine external training demands in 29 female varsity rugby union athletes during competitive season practices. Players were categorized as forwards or backs and observed during fitness, game-based, or skill training days (FT/GT/ST). Global Positioning System–derived variables included distances, high-intensity running (HIR), work-to-rest ratio, power plays, and PlayerLoad. Five speed zones categorized athlete movements and were customized according to each individual's overall maximum velocity (V̇max). Compared with backs, forwards had lower overall V̇max (6.62 ± 0.66 m·s−1; 7.38 ± 0.61 m·s−1, p = 0.003) and HIR thresholds (3.97 ± 0.40 m·s−1; 4.43 ± 0.37 m·s−1, p = 0.003). There were no interaction effects between position and training day for any GPS-derived variables. However, there were several effects of position (p ≤ 0.05), with forwards being lower than backs in mean V̇max, zone 1 distance, and power plays, and greater than backs in zone 3, zone 4, and HIR distances. Effects of the training day (p ≤ 0.05) were also observed in zone 1 distance, with FT being lower than GT and ST, and in power plays, with FT being greater than ST. In female varsity rugby union athletes, there were significant positional differences in individualized speed thresholds and external training demands. However, there were few marked differences between fitness, game-based, and skill training days.
Implementation of an Educational Fueling Station for a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III Athletic Program
Authors: Gomez-Hixson Kaneen , Brown Melissa L.
Published: June 2021

Gomez-Hixson, K, and Brown, ML. Implementation of an educational fueling station for a NCAA division III athletic program. J Strength Cond Res 35(8): 2346–2350, 2021—The purpose of this project was to evaluate the effectiveness and sustainability of an educational fueling station for National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III student-athletes. Subjects included student-athletes participating in the fall 2018 athletic season (n = 82). Once the mobile fueling station was established, the athletes were informed of the mobile fueling station policies and educated on the appropriate use and timing of the fueling station. The fueling station remained in operation until the end of the 2018 fall athletic season, after which the effectiveness and athlete acceptance of the mobile fueling station was assessed. An anonymous online survey was used as the assessment tool and was created by the authors based on the information pertinent to our institution and mobile fueling station goals and objectives. An itemized inventory usage tracking system was used to calculate actual costs. Data analysis was limited to basic descriptive statistics including the overall response rate and the frequency and percentage of responses to the survey questions. Outcome assessment indicated that 97% of athletes found that the foods provided helped their performance; 95% felt they were properly oriented to the fueling station, and 51% used the fueling station 1–2 times per week on game days. Furthermore, inventory tracking revealed that the operational costs came in under the projected budget. Overall, the mobile fueling station was successfully implemented for student-athletes within a NCAA Division III university and demonstrated feasibility and sustainability within a low-budget athletic program. Establishing proof of concept led to the permanent adoption of the mobile fueling station.
The 3-step Greek protocol of neck skin rejuvenation inspired by a case of pseudoxanthoma elasticum: combination of laser skin resurfacing, collagen booster and PRP
Authors: Dimonitsas Emmanouil
Published: June 2021

Aim: The physiological ageing process causes significant changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the neck skin, which are the first signs of ageing witness for women. We are inspired by a young woman, who suffers from a rare genetic disorder called pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), which manifests irregular, thickened, fragmented and haphazardly orientated elastic fibers. We herein present a combination of three different therapies (laser skin resurfacing, type I horse collagen boosters and platelet rich plasma)as an approach to ameliorate neck skin sagging. Methods: A 28-year-old Roma woman with a clinically diagnosed PXE, verified by ophthalmologic evidence and skin biopsy, underwent 3 sessions of this combined protocol every 3 weeks. One month after the last treatment session, a new biopsy was taken. During this period, the patient was encouraged for daily topical application of collagen mousse and vitamin C combined with sun block SPF50, along with limited exposure to sunlight. Results: Clinical assessment supported by photographic documentation was performed at each session. Severe changes in hydration and tightening of the neck skin were obvious 3 weeks after the second session, although the verification of the results was substantiated with the pathology of the post treatment skin biopsy obtained 1 month following the completion of the protocol. The elastic fibers in the mid-dermis were dense, non-fragmented and parallel oriented. The aesthetic performance was evident until the final follow-up visit. Conclusions: Nowadays, the primary goal of aesthetic medical research is oriented to the dermis bio-reconstruction, where specific treatments try to improve the dermis quality from the inside to repair imperfections of skin ageing. The key of success is attributed to the best possible treatment combination capable of fibroblast stimulation.
Factor V deficiency in a Syrian boy with spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage: a rare case report from Syria
Authors: Doya Leen
Published: June 2021

Factor V (FV) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive coagulation disorder that can manifest at any age. Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage as the first manifests of Factor V Deficiency is extremely rare and may present with a sudden focal neurological deficit or a reduced level of consciousness. We report a case of a new onset-seizure without any history of medical ingestion, toxin exposure, trauma or falls in an 11- month- old boy. A cranial computed tomography showed right intra-cerebral bleed extending from the parietal lobe to the occipital region with a shift of the midline to the left. Laboratory results showed a decrease in Factor V activity. Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) was replaced with improvement.
Characteristics of skin coat as well as the physiological status of F1 crossing Bali (Bos Sondaicus) x Angus (Bos Taurus) for early identification of adaptability in tropical environment
Authors: Baliarti Endang , Putra Teguh Dwi , Panjono Panjono , Bintara Sigit , Widayati Dyah Tri , Putra Bramada
Published: June 2021

Characteristics of skin and hair color in cattle, as well as the number of skin follicles, have an essential role in the process of adapting to the ambient temperature and humidity. Bali cattle (Bos Sondaicus) is an indigenous Indonesian cattle that is a tropical climate, has the characteristics of the light hair color crossing with Black Angus (Bos Taurus) from different species, subtropical climate. Objective: To know the changes in the skin and hair color characteristics of F1 crossing of Bos Sondaicus with Angus (Bos Taurus), and whether it affects its adaptability to the tropical environment. Methods: Twenty of F1 Angus x Bali cross cattle were studied for their characteristics of skin and hair color, a number of skin follicles as well as physiological status for early identification of adaptability in a tropical environment. Hair and skin color measured by the value of the RGB (Red, Green, Blue) method. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was done to distinguish RGB values and the physiological status between crossed compare to local breed. Results: The results showed that the RGB values of crossed were significantly lower (P<0.05), had meant that darker and had fewer hair follicles (P<0.05) (15.18±2.24 vs. 21.38±4.33/mm2) which caused the skin surface temperature was higher (P<0.05)(35.41±1.14 vs. 34.31±2.27˚C). Although during the day, they had a higher physiological status (P<0.05) but still in the normal range. Conclusion: It concluded that although the skin and hair color became markedly darker, they still can adapt to the tropical environment, shown from body temperature, respiration rate, and pulses, as the gold standard for measures cattle's tolerance to environmental conditions.
Determinan Efisiensi Perbankan BPR Syariah Indonesia
Authors: Murdiansyah Isnan
Published: June 2021

This research aims to determine how the level of efficiency is measured by the DEA method and what the inhibiting factors are, how the variables of the level of profitability, level of complexity, level of health, capital ownership can affect the level of efficiency and its relationship with CAMEL. The research is located in the province of East Java with a total sample of 77 samples. The analysis technique used is tobit regression and Spearman correlation. The results showed that the level of efficiency of BPR Syariah in East Java was very fluctuating and the management of the input variables had not yet reached the maximum level when compared to the output variables which were the results of the management of these input variables. The results of the Spearman correlation test show that the level of efficiency is related to CAMEL because in CAMEL there is also an efficiency component even though the weighting value is small. Overall, it can be concluded that the level of perfect efficiency can be achieved not only by comparing the input and output variables optimally but also considering other factors outside of these variables.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Niat Melakukan Kecurangan (Fraud) pada Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN)
Authors: Farah Wilda , Rahmawati Dwi
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine and produce empirical evidence regarding the factors influencing the intention to commit fraud such as the remuneration system, the government internal control system (SPIP) and the rationalization attitude. This study used a sample of 108 respondents. Respondents in this study were state civil servants (ASN) throughout Indonesia. Data analysis used multiple linear regression analysis and with the help of the SPSS 25 program. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant negative influence of the remuneration system and government control system (SPIP) on the intention to commit fraud. Meanwhile, rational attitude has a positive significant influence on the intention to commit fraud (fraud). Then for the variable remuneration system, government control system (SPIP) and the attitude of rationalization simultaneously influence the intention to commit fraud for Official Servant. (ASN).
Novel technique based on cascade classifiers for smoke image detection
Authors: Al-Rawi Muaayed F. , Alyouzbaki Yasameen A. Ghani
Published: June 2021

This article contributes a novel technique based on cascade classifiers for smoke detection by utilizing the image processing method. It has been a difficult issue for ten years or so due to its variety in shape, texture, and color. In this article, a machine learning methodology is represented to tackle this issue and simulated with MATLAB software. The smoke detection issue acted like a classification issue. The solution is demonstrated as a binary classification issue. Hence, the support vector machine (SVM) is represented for classification. In order to train and test the SVM classifier, both samples of positive and negative are gathered. Two SVM classifiers are utilized in the cascade. The first classifier distinguishes the presence of smoke if smoke presents in a provided input image; the second classifier is utilized to find the locale of smoke in a provided input image. The size of the window is set to 32 × 32 and slided across the whole image to identify the smoke in a zone of the window. The novel technique is a training dataset and utilizing linear kernel function. In this manner, the novel technique is tested with a test dataset. The first SVM classifier obtained 100% accuracy in training and 96% accuracy in testing. A training accuracy of 96% and a test accuracy of 93.6% were obtained by the second SVM classifier. This novel technique proved to be more proficient and cost-savvy than the traditional strategies.
The effect of acute dehydration on agility, quickness and balance performance in elite wrestlers
Authors: Kaplan Sevilay , Kivrak Ali O.
Published: June 2021

Background and Study Aim.  The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acute dehydration on agility, quickness and balance performance in elite wrestlers. Material and Methods. A total of 12 male elite wrestlers, who were student at Selçuk University Faculty of Sport Sciences, whose mean age was 21.58±1.44 years, the mean height of 176.67±5.87 cm, mean body weight of 74.25±17.79 kg, and the mean age of sports 8.92±1,44 years have participated the study voluntarily. After taking the height measurement of the wrestlers participating in the study, their masses were weighted before the training; and body mass index, body fat percentage, muscle mass, and total body fluid were taken with Tanita Bc 730 and agility, quickness (5 m) and balance performance tests were performed. Then, by limiting the fluid intake of the athletes, after losing weight by training, the same tests that were applied before the training applied to the athletes after the training. The study was conducted in accordance with the pre-test and post-test model. T test was used for agility performance measurement of the athletes and 5 m test was used for quickness performance. Dominant foot was determined for balance test and measurement was made via Biodex Balance System. Balance measurements were performed eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC), overall stability index (OSI). Results.  In this study, body weight, body mass index, total body fluid, agility, quickness and balance with eyes open mean values were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05), and muscle mass, body fat percentage, balance with eyes closed found not to be statistically significant (p> 0.05). Conclusions. It is believed that acute dehydration negatively affects agility, quickness and balance performances in wrestlers.
The effect of plyometric training on performance levels of the shot put technique and its related motor abilities
Authors: Thaqi Agron , Berisha Milaim , Asllani Isa
Published: June 2021

Background and Study Aim: The aim of this research is to evaluate the effects of plyometric training on the shot put technique. It was oriented to improve the basics for the development of power related-indicators such as power (explosive force), acceleration speed, and strength endurance.

Material and Methods. The study sample included 220 male students, aged 16 years ± 6 months from Fehmi Lladrovci High School, Glogoc municipality, Republic of Kosovo from the 2019/2020 academic year. The experimental group (110 male students) applied a 12-week program (see the training program paragraph). The control group (110 male students) continued only with their regular physical education lessons (2 times a week). To determine the differences between pre- and post-test values of the control and experimental groups ANOVA calculations were made. The development percentage in time (between pre-test and post-test) were calculated using the formula: Δ% = (x post-test – x pre-test) / pre-test *100.

Results: Results of the study show that pre- and post-test average values (tests within subjects) of the shot put technique (p<0.05) were statistically different according to measurement over time (interaction; p<0.05), and in tests between the subjects (p<0.05). The shot put technique (Δ%: 50.88) test of the experimental group (plyo-training) had higher developmental percentages compared to (Δ%: 1.69) the control group (p<0.05). When analyzing the developmental percentage, it was observed that the performance of the shot put technique of the experimental group compared the control group 49.2% more developed. Furthermore, the impact of the plyometric training program in motor abilities related to the shot put technique also observed similar improvements in the impact of the shot put technique.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the impact of the plyometric training program on motor abilities related to the shot put technique also observed similar results as the training program’s impact on the shot put technique. The applied plyometric training program benefits were not just in the shot put technique but also improved all motor abilities related to the shot put technique such as power, strength endurance, speed and acceleration. Therefore, the development of the shot put technique occurred by an increase in motor abilities related to the shot put technique as a result of the plyometric training program.
Functional state dynamics in cross-country skiers in the summer and autumn preparatory phase
Authors: Garnov Igor O. , Loginova Tatyana P. , Varlamova Nina G. , Potolitsyna Natalya N. , Chernykh Alexey A. , Bojko Evgeniy R.
Published: June 2021

Background and Study Aim. To study changes in the functional state of professional Russian cross country skiers in the course of the preparatory phase and their effects on their competition ratings. Materials and methods. In this study we examined 10 cross-country skiers. The functional state was assessed through a maximal load bicycle ergometer test, coordination and special performance tests. Concentrations of lactate and cortisol were checked in the blood plasma of participants. Results. The training effects on general physical preparedness and special physical preparation in September in comparison with June were observed as an increased number of pull-ups on a pull-up bar (by 14%) and decreased time of the roller ski test (by 4%). In autumn higher systolic (by 11%) and diastolic (by 10%) arterial blood pressure levels, higher levels of plasma lactate and cortisol (by 48% and 64%, respectively) were detected (p<0.05). At anaerobic threshold the following increased: total performance capacity (by 13%), oxygen consumption (by 14%), watt pulse (by 5%), respiratory minute volume, oxygen utilization coefficient, and oxygen pulse (by 15%) (p<0.05-0.01) at rest before the ergometer test. In September upon completion of the ergometer test we observed an increase of oxygen pulse (by 7%), watt pulse (by 10%), and oxygen utilization coefficient (by 24%) (p<0.05). In autumn at the 5th minute of recovery after the ergometer test the heart rate recovered 11% faster, blood lactate – 29% faster, and the oxygen utilization rate increased by 15% (p<0.05-0.01). In June no statistically significant correlations were found between the studied indicators. In autumn statistically significant correlations appeared between indicators of the cardiorespiratory system, physical performance, and coordination test time. Conclusions. The package program for the summer-autumn training period contributes to the improvement of the functional status of the cross-country skiers and to the development of physical power, endurance, increased strength of the upper limbs, increased speed of movement on roller skis, faster and more complete recovery of physiological and biochemical parameters.
The comparative analysis of morphological and functional indicators of armwrestling and street workout athletes
Authors: Podrihalo Olha O. , Podrigalo Leonid V. , Kiprych Sergiy V. , Galashko Mycola I. , Alekseev Anatoliy F. , Tropin Yuri M. , Deineko Alfiia Kh. , Marchenkov Mykhailo K. , Nasonkina Olena Yu.
Published: June 2021

Background and Study Aim. The purpose of the work is a comparative analysis of morphological and functional indicators and characteristics of the somatotype of armwrestling athletes and street workout athletes. Material and Methods. The study involved Street Workout athletes (StW, n = 15, age - 14.87 ± 0.42 years, training experience - 1.48 ± 0.22 years) and armwrestling athletes (ArW, n = 11, age - 14.87 ± 0.42 years, training experience - 1.48 ± 0.22 years). The body length and body mass were determined. The level and harmony of physical development were assessed by the regression method. Handgrip was assessed in a static mode. The electronic handgrip dynamometer Camry EH101 (China) was used. The handgrip is determined by the maximum frequency of the grip in 10 s. The electronic device "Kepai" (China) was used to measure it. The content of muscle and adipose tissue, the level of visceral fat were determined. The body structure monitor OMRON BF-511 (Japan) was used. The handgrip index, hand impulse index, static and dynamic handgrip index were calculated. Differences were assessed using the Rosenbaum test (Q). Results. A high level of handgrip was determined for all athletes. The average value of the strength index was the StW group - more than 60% of body mass; the ArW group - more than 70% of body mass. The following indicators were observed in the ArW group: harmonious physical development had (27.27 ± 13.43)% of athletes; disharmony due to excess body mass had (45.45 ± 15.01)% of athletes; disharmony due to body mass deficit had (27.27 ± 13.43)% of athletes; normal fat content had (63.64 ± 14.50)% of athletes; low-fat content had (18.18 ± 11.63)% of athletes; high and high-fat content had (9.09 ± 8.67)% of athletes. The ArW group was characterized by high - (50.00 ± 15.81)%, high - (40.00 ± 15.49)%, and normal - (10.00 ± 9.49)%-the specific weight of muscle tissue. In the StW group, the following indicators were observed: harmonious physical development had (46.67 ± 12.88)% of athletes; disharmony due to excess body mass had (53.33 ± 12.88)% of athletes; normal fat content had (57.14 ± 13.23)% of athletes; low-fat content had (42.86 ± 13.23)% of athletes. All athletes in the StW group had a high proportion of muscle tissue. It was found that exercises with your body mass in a street workout decreased fat content compared to armwrestling. Conclusions. The results confirmed the specific effect of the sport on the body of athletes. Handgrip should be considered as a success predictor in these sports. The information content of the proposed handgrip indices for monitoring the functional state of athletes was confirmed.