bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Test-retest reliability and validity of the Stages mountain bike power meter
Authors: Costa Vitor P. , Tramontin Artur F. , Visentainer Luis Henrique , Borszcz Fernando K.
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND:

Stages device is an affordable power meter used by several professional and competitive cyclists. However, few studies have investigated its validity and reliability.

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of this study was to analyze the validity and the reliability of the Stages mountain biking power meter.

METHODS:

Twenty-six cyclists (age: 35 [Formula: see text] 7 years, VO[Formula: see text]max: 58 [Formula: see text] 7 ml[Formula: see text]kg[Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]min[Formula: see text]) completed six testing sessions within a 4-week period. Cyclists performed an incremental exercise test, a 5-min time trial (TT), and a 20-min TT in different days using the Velotron cycle ergometer attached with the power meter.

RESULTS:

The power output of the Stages was significantly lower during each step of the incremental exercise test (11.8 to 16.4%) and performance testing ([Formula: see text] 18%) compared with the cycle ergometer. Bland Altman plots presented high bias and limits of agreements when comparing the power output of the Stages and Velotron. In general, high coefficient of variation was found for the power and cadence of the Velotron and Stages, except for the Velotron’s power during the 20-min TT.

CONCLUSIONS:

The interchangeable use of the power from the Velotron and Stages is not recommended due to the observed high within-subject variation.
In-Out-Test: A New Paradigm for Sorting the Wheat from the Chaff in Prodromal Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Torrealba Eduardo , Garcia-Morales Pilar , Cejudo Juan Carlos , Diaz Mario , Rodriguez-Esparragon Francisco , Fabre Oscar , Mesa-Herrera Fatima , Marin Raquel , Sanchez-Garcia Florentino , Rodriguez-Perez Aurelio , Gramunt Nina
Published: December 2018

Background: Assessment of hippocampal amnesia is helpful to distinguish between normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but not for identifying converters to dementia. Here biomarkers are useful but novel neuropsychological approaches are needed in their absence. The In-out-test assesses episodic memory using a new paradigm hypothesized to avoid reliance on executive function, which may compensate for damaged memory networks. Objective: To assess the validity of the In-out-test in identifying prodromal Alzheimer’s disease (PAD) in a clinical setting, by comparing this to the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 32 cognitively healthy, 32 MCI, and 30 progressive dementia subjects. All participants were given both the In-out-test and the FCSRT; 40 of them also received a lumbar puncture. Results: Internal consistency was demonstrated using Cronbach Alpha (r = 0.81) and Inter-rater reliability with Kappa (k = 0.94). Intraclass correlation (ICC) for test-retest reliability: r = 0.57 (p = 0.57). ICC between the In-out-test and FCSRT r = 0.87 (p = 0.001). ICC between the In-out-test and Aβ42 and P-tau/Aβ42 for controls: 0.73 and 0.75, respectively; P-tau for MCI: 0.77 and total sample: 0.70; Aβ42 for dementia: 0.71. All ICC measures between FCSRT and biomarkers were ≤0.264. AD diagnosis: In-out-test k = 0.71; FCSRT k = 0.49. PAD diagnosis (N = 35): In-out-test k = 0.69; FCSRT k = 0.44. Conclusions: The In-out-test detected prodromal AD with a higher degree of accuracy than a conventional hippocampal-based memory test. These results suggest that this new paradigm could be of value in clinical settings, predicting which patients with MCI will go on to develop AD.
A DFT based study of geometries, stabilities and electronic properties of LinF (n = 1–8) clusters
Authors: Ünal Arslan , Kotan Batuhan
Published: December 2018

The global searches of most stable geometrical structures of fluorine-lithium clusters for the series of LinF ( n = 1–8) clusters were investigated by using the density functional theory. The stable geometrical structures, binding energies, dissociation energies, second-order energy differences, HOMO-LUMO gap energies and electronic features of LinF ( n = 1–8) clusters were reported at the B3LYP/Lanl2dz level of theory. The relative energy results show that the odd number clusters are more stable than the even number cluster. The fluorine atom is generally at the apex position in the most stable structures, except Li5F and Li7F. In addition, the fluorine atom enhances the stability order of lithium clusters, however the stability decreases as the cluster size grows up.
Synthesis, structures and applications as fluorescence probes of novel Hg(II)/Ag(I) functional supramolecular compounds based on nitrogen heterocyclic cations
Authors: Huang Wen-Ming , Lu Ya-Bin , Xiao Min , Wu Ben-Lai , Yan Zhen-Ning , Niu Yun-Yin
Published: December 2018

Two new supramolecular polymers based on HgI2, AgI and BPMB·2Br{BLMB = 1, 4-bis [(4-picoline)-N-methylene] benzene} have been synthesized via the self-assembly reaction in solution. They were {(BPMB)[HgI4(H2O)0.66]}(1), and {(BPMB)2[Ag4I8]}(2).We analyzed the structures of compounds 1–2 by X-ray single-crystal diffraction, infrared spectroscopy (IR) and characterized the properties of compounds 1–2 by fluorescence spectrum and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectrum. The results indicated that compound 1 is the mononuclear structure; Compound 2 has the multinuclear cubane structure. Compounds 1–2 showed good photocatalytic abilities for methylene blue (MB) irradiated by visible light. The effective detection of Fe3+ was performed by compounds 1–2 as fluorescent sensors.
Syntheses of 1,3-bis(2-arylimino)isondoline type ligands and some metal complexes containing EDOT moiety
Authors: Göktuğ Özge , Korkut Sibel Eken , Gökçe Büşra Nur , Tekbaşoğlu Tuğçe Yazıcı , Şener M. Kasım
Published: December 2018

EDOT (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) substituted 1,3-bis(2-arylimino)isoindoline derivatives EDOT-BAI1, EDOT-BAI2, EDOT-BAI3, and EDOT-BAI4 have been synthesized according to the Linstead or Siegl’s method. Preparation of palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes of EDOT-BAI1 and EDOT-BAI2 have been also accomplished in this study. The new compounds have been characterized by FT-IR, NMR, UV-Vis spectroscopies and via mass spectrometric analysis. The present EDOT derivatives provide new starting materials that may be useful in the synthesis of new, functional electropolymers.
RETRACTED: A new Pb(II)-based coordination polymer constructed by 5-((4-carboxyphenoxy) methyl)benzene-1,3-dioic acid and N-donor co-ligand: Crystal structure and anti-lymph cancer activity
Authors: Fan Rong , Sun Suqin , Yang Shanjun , Liu Li , Ma Guoqing , Tang Qiang
Published: December 2018

This article has been retracted, and the online PDF has been watermarked “RETRACTION”. The retraction notice is available at http://doi.org/10.3233/MGC-220954 .
RETRACTED: Novel pyran derivatives: Synthesis and anticancer activity in the bones
Authors: Gale Tumenjiri , Zhang Zhifang , Liu Yang , Pan Lei
Published: December 2018

This article has been retracted, and the online PDF has been watermarked “RETRACTION”. The retraction notice is available at http://doi.org/10.3233/MGC-220954 .
Conducting an investigator-initiated randomized double-blinded intervention trial in acute decompensation of inborn errors of metabolism: Lessons from the N-Carbamylglutamate Consortium
Authors: Ah Mew Nicholas , Cnaan Avital , McCarter Robert , Choi Henry , Glass Penny , Rice Katie , Scavo Louis , Gillespie Catherine W. , Diaz George A. , Berry Gerard T. , Wong Derek , Konczal Laura , McCandless Shawn E. , Coughlin II Curtis R. , Weisfeld-Adams James D. , Ficicioglu Can , Yudkoff Mark , Enns Gregory M. , Lichter-Konecki Uta , Gallagher Renata , Tuchman Mendel
Published: December 2018

Organic acidemias and urea cycle disorders are ultra-rare inborn errors of metabolism characterized by episodic acute decompensation, often associated with hyperammonemia, resulting in brain edema and encephalopathy. Retrospective reports and translational studies suggest that N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) may be effective in reducing ammonia levels during acute decompensation in two organic acidemias, propionic and methylmalonic acidemia (PA and MMA), and in two urea cycle disorders, carbamylphosphate synthetase 1 and ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (CPSD and OTCD). We established the 9-site N-carbamylglutamate Consortium (NCGC) in order to conduct two randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of NCG in acute hyperammonemia of PA, MMA, CPSD and OTCD. Conducting clinical trials is challenging in any disease, but poses unique barriers and risks in the ultra-rare disorders. As the number of clinical trials in orphan diseases increases, evaluating the successes and opportunities for improvement in such trials is essential. We summarize herein the design, methods, experiences, challenges and lessons from the NCGC-conducted trials.
REENQUADRANDO O ANHANGUERA: UMA HISTORIETA
Authors: Carvalho Lígia Maria De
Published: December 2018

O presente trabalho se constitui na fase inicial de um esforço reflexivo que vem buscando subsídios: iconográficos (na personagem disneyana conhecida como Pateta) e argumentativos (no clássico documento intitulado A Bandeira do Anhanguera a Goiás em 1722 – Reconstrução dos roteiros de José Peixoto da Silva Braga e Urbano do Couto), com a finalidade de criar uma narrativa em forma de Histórias em Quadrinhos que conte – de maneira criativa e engraçada - as peripécias do Bandeirante Bocó, ou seja, as aventuras de Bartolomeu Bocoeno da Silva, o “Anhanguará”. Para tanto, serão utilizadas as fontes bibliográficas pertinentes; as apropriações oficiais e populares do mito do bandeirante; e a coleção quadrinística Pateta Faz História que recria, a seu modo, as biografias de ilustres personagens históricos.
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN PERAWAT TENTANG KEMOTERAPI DENGAN TINDAKAN PEMBERIAN KEMOTERAPI PADA PASIEN KANKER PARU
Authors: Fitrianingsih Nining
Published: December 2018

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Kemoterapi merupakan salah satu cara pengobatan kanker dengan memberikanobat atau zat yang berkhasiat membunuh sel kanker. Dalam tindakan medis, perawat harusmemiliki pengetahuan tentang prosedur pemberian obat kemoterapi karena pemberian kemoterapiyang dilakukan oleh perawat rentan terkena pada kulit atau mata pada saat melakukan tindakan.Tujuan Penelitian: mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan perawat tentang kemoterapidengan tindakan pemberian kemoterapi pada pasien kanker paru. Metode: Desain penelitianyang digunakan ialah analisis korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi yangditeliti adalah perawat berjumlah 46 dengan teknik pengambilan sampel total sampling. Instrumenpenelitian berupa uesioner dan lembar observasi. Analisis data secara univariat dan divariat. Hasil:hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai uji statistik chi square dengan p value = 0,001 (≤ 0,05), hal iniberarti ada hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan perawat tentang kemoterapi dengan tindakanpemberian kemoterapi pada pasien kanker paru. Diskusi: seseorang yang mempunyai tingkatpengetahuan, pengalaman kerja yang banyak, serta diikuti bertambahnya usia akan memberikanpelayanan/perawatan dalam pemberian kemoterapi yang lebih baik hasilnya. Simpulan: perawatyang memiliki pengetahuan yang baik tentang kemoterapi akan memberikan tindakan kemoterapiyang sesuai dengan prosedur.Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan, kemoterapi, kanker paru.THE CORRELATION BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE LEVEL OF NURSES ABOUT CHEMOTHERAPHYAND CHEMOTHERAPHY ADMINISTRATION IN LUNG CANCER PATIENTSABSTRACTBackground: Chemotherapy is one of the methods in treating cancer by providing effi cacious drugs orsubstances that kill cancer cells. In a medical procedure, nurses must have knowledge of proceduresfor chemotherapy regimens because the chemotherapy conducted by nurses is susceptible to skinor eyes at the time of the intervention. Objective: To identify the correlation between knowledgelevel of nurses about chemotheraphy and chemotheraphy administration in lung cancer patients.Methods: This study was correlational analytical with cross sectional approach. Samples were46 nurses taken using total sampling technique. Questionnaire observation sheet were used asinstruments. Data was analyzed with univariate and bivariate. Results: There was a correlationbetween knowledge level of nurses about chemotherapy and chemotherapy administration, pvalue=0.001 (≤ 0.05). Discussion: One who has higher level of knowledge, a lot of work experience,and get older will administer better chemotherapy. Conclusions: Nurses with comprehensiveknowledge of chemotherapy will administer chemotherapy in accordance with procedure.Keywords: Knowledge level, Chemotherapy, Lung Cancer
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN TERKAIT PROFESI DAN MOTIVASI MAHASISWA TINGKAT AKHIR UNTUK MENJADI PERAWAT PROFESIONAL
Authors: K. Wardani Ni Made , Yulia Wardani Ice
Published: December 2018

AbstrakMahasiswa keperawatan harus memiliki pengetahuan yang baik terkait perawat profesional sertamemiliki motivasi yang tinggi untuk dapat menjadi seorang perawat profesional. Tujuan penelitian:untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan terkait profesi dan motivasi mahasiswa tingkat akhiruntuk menjadi perawat profesional. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross-sectionaldengan rancangan deskriptif koleratif dan menggunakan total sampling terhadap 156 mahasiswayang dilakukan pada bulan Juni 2016 di universitas negeri dan bulan September 2016 di universitasswasta, dengan kuesioner yang dibuat oleh peneliti sendiri dan sudah dilakukan uji validitas danreliabilitas. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkantidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara tingkat pengetahuan terkait profesi dan motivasimahasiswa tingkat akhir untuk menjadi seorang perawat profesional (p value=0,447). Selain itu,memiliki pengetahuan saja tidak cukup untuk dapat memotivasi diri mahasiswa keperawatan untukmenjadi perawat profesional. Kesimpulan: pengetahuan dan motivasi tidak saling berpengaruhuntuk menjadikan seseorang menjadi perawat profesional.Kata Kunci: pengetahuan, motivasi, perawat professionalTHE CORRELATION BETWEEN LEVELS OF KNOWLEDGE OF PROFESSION AND MOTIVATIONOF FINAL YEAR STUDENTS FOR BECOMING PROFESSIONAL NURSESABSTRACTNursing students should have a comprehensive knowledge of professional nurse and highmotivation for becoming professional nurses. Objective: To identify the correlation between thelevels of knowledge of profession and the motivation of fi nal year students for becoming professionalnurses. Methods: This study employed cross-sectional method with correlative descriptive design.It employed total sampling on 156 students. It was conducted in June at a state university and inSeptember at a private university. It used a questionnaire made by the researcher and its validityand reliability had been tested. Data were analyzed using chi-square test. Result: The results of thestudy indicated that there was no signifi cant correlation between levels of knowledge of professionand motivation of fi nal year students for becoming professional nurses (p value=0.447). In addition,having knowledge alone is not enough to be able to motivate nursing students for becomingprofessional nurses. Conclusion: Knowledge and motivation do not in fl uence each other to makesomeone become a professional nurse.Keywords: knowledge, motivation, professional nurses
Studi Komparatif Pemikiran Imam Nawawi dan Yusuf al-Qardhawi Tentang Berjabat Tangan Dengan Bukan Mahram Dalam Islam
Authors: Ramdani Dani Ahmad , Sutisna Sutisna
Published: December 2018

Abstract:Today's phenomenon that occurs in the community, namely shaking hands instead of mahram is considered normal. There are differences in views between people, there are those who forbid it and some allow it. The purpose of this study is to know exactly how the law shakes hands instead of mahram based on the thoughts of Imam Nawawi and Yusuf Qardhawi. Based on the results of the study, shaking hands instead of mahram is a difference of views between the Ulama. The majority of the Salaf and Khalaf scholars in the Syafi'iyyah School of Religion namely Imam Nawawi forbade shaking hands instead of mahram whatever the conditions and conditions. While the majority kontemporer Contemporary scholars are represented by Yusuf Qardhawi that shaking hands instead of mahram is permissible as long as there is no lust.Keywords: Shaking hands, Imam Nawawi, Yusuf Qardhawi Abstrak:Fenomena yang terjadi di tengah masyarakat saat ini yaitu berjabat tangan dengan bukan mahram menjadi hal yang dianggap lumrah. Terjadi perbedaan pandangan antar masyarakat, ada yg mengharamkannya dan ada yang membolehkannya.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui secara pasti bagaimana hukum berjabat tangan dengan bukan mahram berdasarkan pemikiran Imam Nawawi dan Yusuf Qardhawi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, berjabat tangan dengan bukan mahram merupakan perbedaan pandangan di antara para Ulama. Mayoritas Ulama salaf dan khalaf di kalangan Madzhab Syafi’iyyah yaitu Imam Nawawi mengharamkan berjabat tangan dengan bukan mahram apapun kondisi dan keadaanya. Sementara mayoritas ‘Ulama kontemporer diwakili oleh Yusuf Qardhawi bahwa berjabat tangan dengan bukan mahram diperbolehkan selama tidak ada syahwat. Kata Kunci: Berjabat tangan, Imam Nawawi, Yusuf Qardhawi
Development in the Formulation using Various Crude Drugs for Rectal and Piles Problems
Authors: Vishal N Kushare , Kanchan S Chaudhari , Sagar V Ghotekar , Ghotekar D. S.
Published: December 2018

Development in the Formulation using Various Crude Drugs for Rectal/piles Problems. Formulation includes all herbal ingridients and Devlopment of formulation done for rectal and piles disorders and many more. Case study is done as per age of subject and effect is evaluated. Symptoms, uses and ingridients are mention and ingridients are filled into capsule so subject will get content uniform dose.
Perbedaan Kejadian Perdarahan Dan Infeksi Tali Pusat Yang Diikat Dengan Benang Dan Umbilical Cord Clamp
Authors: Lisfasiska Ni Made , Asiyah Siti
Published: December 2018

The use of two different methods of tying the umbilical cord has different consequences for the emergence of the risk of bleeding and infection in the umbilical cord. This research objective is determining the  differences of bleeding and umbilical cord infection that has bound with yarn and umbilical cord clamp .  Population studied were all babies born in hospitals Pare and RS Gambiran on the date of July 1 to 29, 2013, by using accidental sampling technique obtained sample was 23 respondents consisting of 11 respondents from hospitals Pare and 12 respondents from hospitals Gambiran. The data was collected using observation sheets, the results are then analyzed using  fisher exact. The results of analysis shown that (p = 0,522) > (α = 5%), so that there was no significant difference in the binding of a baby with umbilical cord bleeding events in hospitals and hospitals Gambiran Pare. The results of analysis shown that (p = 0,522) ; (α = 5%) , so there was no significant differences in binding of the baby's umbilical cord with the incidence of infection in hospitals and hospitals Gambiran Pare. Expected for healthcare institutions that still use nylon thread to tie the umbilical cord, can replace the use of umbilical cord clamp because of a risk of bleeding and infection was lower when care at home.; Keywords : Umbilical Cord Binding, Bleeding, Infection
Penyuluhan dengan Multimedia untuk Meningkatkan Pengetahuan tentang Perilaku Hidup Sehat dan Bersih Siswa SMA
Authors: Roifah Ifa , Novianto Agus
Published: December 2018

Children are future generations which are the most important asset in order to achieve Nation’s success to realize it is needed to apply Clean and Healthy Life Behaviors (PHBS) by no smoking, right personal hygiene, regular physical exercise, and no drugs by using multimedia method extension towards students’ knowledge of Clean and Healthy Life Behaviors (PHBS) on educational aspect in SMA Negeri 1 Gondang Mojokerto. The research design is used Pre-Experiment, which is applied One-Group Pre-Post Test Design. The populations of students which join School Health Program are 101 students, and the samples are 81 students taken by probability sampling (Simple Random Sampling). The independent variable is extension through multimedia method and the dependent variable is students’ knowledge about Clean and Healthy Life Behaviors (PHBS) on educational aspect. The data is taken by the using of puzzle game crosswords form which is use after and before extension. After all of data collected and data processing statistical test followed by Wilcoxon sign test SPSS17, the result showed Asymp.Sig value (2-tailed) of 0.000 and α of 0.05. Because Asymp.Sig value (2-tailed) ;α 0.05 then H0is rejected and H1 is accepted, it means that there is an influence using multimedia method extension towards students’ knowledge of Clean and Healthy Life Behaviors (PHBS) on educational aspect in SMA Negeri 1 Gondang Mojokero.; Key words: patients with violent behavior, nurse experience, qualitative
Retículas basadas en la naturaleza para el diseño de la carta editorial de la revista Áurea: diseño+arte
Authors: García Hernández Amalia , Delgadillo Mejía Claudia Cecilia , Ramirez Estrada Blanca Flor
Published: December 2018

El presente trabajo da cuenta de la implementación de técnicas innovadoras en el diseño de retículas de carta editorial para la revista Áurea: diseño + arte. Al ser aplicadas con alumnos de diseño gráfico, no sólo se consiguió captar su atención, sino que se involucraran en el proyecto. En esta investigación experimental, se fomentó la inspiración en los estudiantes para llevar a cabo el bocetaje y las propuestas reticulares a partir de elementos de la naturaleza que fueron seleccionados de fotografías de animales que presentaban contraste de colores, texturas visuales y formas estructuradas geométricamente.Una de las principales dificultades que enfrentaron los estudiantes durante este proyecto de investigación, fue realizar el proceso para descartar las imágenes, pues a partir de ellas es posible realizar un sin fin de propuestas basadas en la creatividad. Sin embargo, se consideró el número de elementos de la carta editorial para definir cuál propuesta podría ser más funcional que otra.Los resultados muestran que se pueden obtener diseños atractivos, únicos y, sobre todo, funcionales, recurriendo a la geometrización como herramienta de diseño editorial para lograr una narrativa fluida del contenido lingüístico de la carta descriptiva, que favorezca el diálogo entre el lector y el producto.
A case report of hepatic perivascular epithelioid cell tumours (pecomas) and literature review
Authors: Duy Nguyen Duc , Truong Nguyen Phan Xuan , Thu Phan Dang Anh , Dat Ngo Quoc
Published: December 2018

Perivascular epithelioidcelltumours (PEComas) belongs tothe family of mesenchymal neoplasms that can occur in many organs, but rarely found in liver. Preoperative diagnosis could be challenging due to unspecific and variable radiologic patterns, which can be clinically misdiagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma and other benign tumors. This report aims to announce a case of hepatic PEComa with extramedullary hematopoiesis. A 44- year- old woman accidentally presented a nodular mass in the left hepatic segment on ultrasonography with normal liver function result. Abdominal enhanced CT Scan showed hypervascular lesion. Morphology exibits classical characteristics of PEComa with mature fat tissue predominance, thick-wall vessel; somewhat amount of extramedullary hematopoiesis was also recognized. Tumor cells are diffusely immunoreactive with HMB45. PEComa is a rare disease in liver, pathologists need to recognize three components of this tumor to avoid misdiagnosing with malignant conditions.
The medical physics education and training program of Nguyen Tat Thanh University - the first offficial medical physics training program in Vietnam
Authors: Luong Dang Thanh , Tuyen Pham Nhu , Tung Hoang Anh , Vinh Cao Huu
Published: December 2018

The paper aimed to present the introduction of the fi offi medical physics training program - a new health care profession in Vietnam. The detail studies and analyses of the current status of training in Medical Physics as well as the present and future demands of it were also reported. The main roles, responsibilities and the challenges of medical physicists in medicine were discussed and clarifi as well.
Code Switching and Code Mixing in English Language Studies’ Speech Community: A Sociolinguistics Approach
Authors: Wartinah Ni Nyoman , Wattimury Chrisda N
Published: December 2018

Enormously complex and not well understood are some state of affairs for a bilingual to âchangeâ theuse of language from one to another when having conversation with other bilinguals in dailyconversation. This linguistics behavior of changing the language, or widely known as âlanguageswitchingâ and âlanguage mixingâ, leads the researchers to find out the trigger behind this phenomenon.After done a research on Malaysian pre-school students, Karen Kow (2003) proposed some reasons ofdoing code switching and code mixing namely lack of one word in either language, to avoidmisunderstanding, to make a point, etc. However, students of graduated students of English LanguageStudies of Sanata Dharma University can be categorized as bilingual or multilingual since they employtwo even many languages in the daily conversation in their speech community. Therefore, by taking 12students of A class as the subject of the research through random sampling method, the discussion ofthis research will focus on investigating the reasons of both code switching and code mixing.
NATIONAL ROMANTICISM IN WALT WHITMAN POEMS
Authors: Arianto Tomi
Published: December 2018

Romanticism is often misunderstood as something genuine love and merely about romance. In fact, romanticism is an understanding of great ideas that also be delivered great ideas. The development of Romanticism delivered a new orientation that called National Romanticism by maintaining the freedom of individual, sovereignty, and independent of human rights. This study took data from three Walt Whitman poems; Patriotic, War Democracy, and Poem of America. Researcher was using the concept of interpretation to explore the meaning of poetry and the influence of romanticism in Whitman poetry. Researchers use Isaiah's theory in his book “the root of romanticism” to explore the influence of the romanticism idea on Whitman's poems. From the three samples of poetry, it is found that romanticism is very influential in Whitman poetry, especially the idea of romantic nationalism. Patriotic themes, nationalities and egalitarian concepts are reflected in Whitman's collection of "Leaves of grass" poems. Patriotic themes and nationalities are seen from the struggle for the right of individual freedom in opposing slavery and aristocratic government. The egalitarian concept is seen from the struggle to promote equality, as well as the democracy system that promotes people's sovereignty. The role of the idea of romanticism has evolved in American territory because it shares the same pattern and state of affairs as revolutions against noble, social, and political norms and rationalization of nature. Thus, the representation of romantic ideas originating from Western Europe of the 18th century has penetrated into the 19th century America which is reflected in the works that carried Whitman.
THE TRANSFIGURATION ERROR IN ROWLING’S HARRY POTTER AND THE CHAMBER OF SECRET
Authors: Mursita Putri Siegfrieda A.S.
Published: December 2018

Translator is always given two options in translating literary works. Either they can pick formal orientation, or pick dynamic orientation. Both orientations have different effect for readers. Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secret is one best-selling novel written by J.K. Rowling. Her work in the series is known for the play of words. This paper proposes other version of translation by exposing several sentences taken from the novel.
THE STUDY OF ENGLISH PHONOLOGICAL ERRORS OF ADVANCED SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNERS IN PRONOUNCING SIMILARLY-SPELLED WORDS
Authors: Dangin Dangin , Wijayanti Nurvita
Published: December 2018

The phenomenon of phonological error as the common sense in pronouncing the words not only happens among beginners but also among the advanced English learners. The English learners are also active speakers who use English as their second language used such as in a formal situation. They tend to pronounce the same for words that have same spelling as other words in most parts of the words or even thewhole words but of different parts of speech. The present writers’ study tries to answer the question on how the English learners’ pronunciation is influenced by words with the same spelling. The participants of the study were Indonesian college students who learned English at the advanced level. In order to get the data, they were given word lists that contained a number of words and then asked to pronounce them. These words were suspected as common mistakes pronounced by the advanced learners. For example the word ‘determine’ is pronounced the same as the word ‘mine’, the word ‘preface’ is pronounced as ‘face’. In this study, the result reveals that the English learners tend to pronounce the words that refer to other words that contain the same orthography. Orthographically, the words and part of the words have the same spelling but they do not share the same pronunciation. Therefore, this error is commonly found among English learners even among those of the advanced level.
THE RESPONDS OF DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACTS BY THE CHARACTERS IN JACK THE GIANT SLYER (2013) MOVIE
Authors: Ruminda Ruminda
Published: December 2018

This research presents the responds of the hearers as the effects of directive speech acts that are given by the characters in Jack the Giant Slyer (2013) movie. The research is aimed to analyze the categories of responds resulted from the addresses when they are asked to do something by using the theory about directive speech act by Leech (1983). The result of the analysis shows that the responds of the characters that are found in some categories are in the form of action responds, verbal responds, action and verbal responds and no responds. The most type of directive speech acts that is responded by the action is commanding, and the least of it is suggesting.
AN ANALYSIS PHRASE LEVEL TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES APPLIED ON HEROES BACKGROUND IN MOBILE LEGEND: BANG-BANG GAME
Authors: Debora Ratulangi Kristanya
Published: December 2018

This study investigated the translation techniques applied from Mobile Legend: Bang-Bang game and found the purpose of the techniques applied. This research used translation techniques theory from Molina and Albir (2002).  The data were popular mobile game Mobile Legend: Bang-Bang game. The source text in English and target text in Indonesian, then analyzed the technique that was applied in heroes background that was translated into Indonesia Language. This study method was qualitative study and this study was a primary research. The result of the analysis was ten techniques are applied in the data. They are reduction, transposition, compensation, modulation, amplification, borrowing-naturalization, particularization, establish equivalent, generalization, calque. The techniques applied have purposes for translation.
Automatic Recognition of Anatomical Regions in Computed Tomography Images
Authors: Tóth Márton József , Ruskó László , Csébfalvi Balázs
Published: December 2018

This paper presents a method that can recognize anatomy regions in Computed Tomography (CT) examinations. In this work the human body is divided into eleven regions from the foot to the head. The proposed method consists of two main parts. In the first step, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is used to classify the axial slices of the CT exam. The accuracy of the initial classification is 93.4 %. As the neural network processes the axial slices independently from each other, no spatial coherence is guaranteed. To ensure the contentious labeling the initial classification step is followed by a post-processing method that incorporates the expected order and size of the anatomical regions to improve the labeling. In this way, the accuracy is increased to 94.0 %, the confusion of non-neighboring regions dropped from 1.5 % to 0.0 %. This means that a continuous and outlier free labeling is obtained. The method was trained on a set of 320 CT exams and evaluated on another set of 160 cases.
Response of chickpea varieties to boron application in calcareous and terrace soils of Bangladesh
Authors: Quddus MA , Hossain MA , Naser HM , Naher N , Khatun F
Published: December 2018

An experiment was conducted at Madaripur and Gazipur during rabi (winter) season of 2012-13 and 2013-14 to determine the optimum dose of B for different varieties of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). There were 12 treatment combinations comprising three varieties (BARI Chola-5, BARI Chola-8 and BARI Chola-9) and four levels of boron (0, 1, 1.5 and 2 kg ha-1) along with a blanket dose of N20P20K25S10Zn2 kg ha-1. Boron was applied as H3BO3. Results showed BARI Chola-9 with 1.5 kg B ha-1 produced the highest seed yield of 1338 kg ha- 1 at Madaripur and 2218 kg ha-1 at Gazipur. Nodulation, nitrogen (N) and protein contents were also found highest for the same variety and B treatment. The other two varieties (BARI Chola-5 and BARI Chola-8) also performed higher yield in the plot receiving 1.5 kg B ha-1 compared to 1 kg B ha-1 or 2 kg B ha-1 at both locations. The results suggest that BARI Chola-9 and 1.5 kg B ha-1 along with N20P20K25S10Zn2 kg ha-1 could be used for achieving higher yield of chickpea in calcareous and terrace soils of Bangladesh.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 43(4): 543-556, December 2018
Integrated management of tobacco caterpillar and cabbage butterfly with host plant resistant and organic amendment
Authors: Talukder S , Khan MMH , Ferdous J , Faruq MO
Published: December 2018

Field study was conducted at Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali during 2013-2014 to know the effect of cabbage variety and organic agriculture on the damage potential of Spodoptera litura F. and Pieris brassicae L. Two cabbage varieties viz., Atlas-70 (V1) and Super tropic (V2), and organic agriculture like, M0 = control, M1 = cowdung @ 6 kgplot-1, M2 = mustard oilcake @ 750gplot-1, M3 = Vermicompost @ 3 kgplot-1 and M4 = Trichoderma @ 3 kgplot-1 were included in this study. Treatment combinations were V1M0, V1M1, V1M2, V1M3, V1M4, V2M0, V2M1, V2M2, V2M3 and V2M4. Results revealed that the lowest number of infested plants/plot and percent infested leavesplant-1 were found in variety Super tropic and trichoderma (V2M4) applied plots followed by variety Atlas-70 and vermicompost (V1M3) applied plots on different dates of observation while the highest number of infested plantsplot-1 and percent infested leaves plant-1 were in variety Super tropic and mustard oil cake (V2M2) applied plots followed by variety Atlas-70 and control (V1M0) applied plots. The highest number and percent (4.00 plot-1) and (20.00% plot-1) of infested heads were found in variety Super tropic and mustard oil cake (V2M2) applied plots followed by variety Atlas-70 and control plots (V1M0) (16.65%). The highest number of healthy heads plot-1 (19.67), healthy head yield (71.47 t ha-1) and total head yield (72.14 t ha-1) were recorded in variety Super tropic and Tricoderma (V2M4) applied plots followed by variety Atlas-70 and vermicompost (V1M3) (70.53 t ha-1) applied plots while the lowest number of healthy heads per plot, healthy head yield and total head yield were recorded in in variety Super tropic and mustard oil cake (V2M2) applied plots followed by variety Atlas-70 and control plots (V1M0).Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 43(4): 619-630, December 2018
In vitro shoot regeneration of mint (Mentha sp. L.) Using different types of explants and levels of benzylaminopurine
Authors: Akter KT , Hoque MA
Published: December 2018

An experiment was conducted in the Tissue Culture Laboratory of the Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur-1706 from March 2013 to February 2014 for in vitro shoot regeneration of mint using different explants and levels of benzylaminopurine (BAP) in full strength MS media. Three different types of explants viz. nodal segment, shoot tip and leaf were evaluated using three levels of BAP (1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mg/l) along with control for shoot regeneration. Results revealed that shoot tip and nodal segments performed better than leaf as explants in almost all the characters studied. Shoot tip and nodal segments initiated shoot within the shortest time of 9.6 and 10.6 days, respectively with 1.0 mg/l of BAP. Regarding number of shoot per explant and number of node/shoot, shoot tip and nodal segments along with 1.0 mg/l of BAP performed superior at almost all days after inoculation. In case of interaction of explants and BAP, better performance was recorded in most of the studied parameters from shoot tip and nodal segments alongwith 1.0 mg/l BAP. Therefore, for in vitro shoot regeneration of mint, shoot tip or nodal segment may be used with 1.0 mg/l of BAP.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 43(4): 703-716, December 2018
Mutation Pattern in Beta Thalassaemia Trait Population: A Basis for Prenatal Diagnosis
Authors: Banu Bilquis , Khan Waqar Ahmed , Selimuzzaman Md. , Sarwardi Golam , Sadiya Salma
Published: December 2018

A total of 100 Bangladeshi beta thalassaemia carrier subjects were analysed by allele specific primers using Amplification Refractory Mutation System – Polymerase Chain Reaction.  Among these, four common mutations were found in 90 cases (90.0%), five less common mutations in 9 cases (9.0%) and a rare mutation in 1 case (1.0%). Among the four common mutations, IVS1-5 (G-C) was the most common beta thalassaemia mutation and found in 63.0% cases, followed by Cd 30 (G-C) in 18.0%, Fr 8/9 (+G) in 5.0% and Fr 41/42 (-TTCT) in 4.0% respectively. Among the five less common mutations, Cd16 (-C) was found in 3.0%, -90 (C-T) and IVS1-130 (G-C) were seen in 2.0% each and remaining Cd15 (-T) and Cd15 (G-A) were detected in 1.0% each. The rare mutation was -29 (A-G), observed in one case (1.0%). With the application of this knowledge, it will help us for prenatal diagnosis and genetic counselling in Bangladesh for prevention of the disease.
Association of High Sensitive C - Reactive Protein with Severity of the Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Acute Anterior ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Rahman Aparna , Chowdhury Abdul Wadud , Khan Lutfur Rahman , Sabah Khandkar Md. Nurus , Amin Mohammad Gaffar , Al Azad S.M. Alauddin
Published: December 2018

High Sensitive C-reactive protein (hs- CRP) is an established risk marker in coronary artery disease. It is a marker of inflammation activated early after Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) and its quantity depends upon extent of myocardial damage. Release of inflammatory marker occur after acute myocardial infarction leading to cardiac remodeling which clinically manifests as Heart failure (HF). Heart failure is a common complication after acute anterior myocardial infarction (AMI). The prevalence of post-infarct Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction (LVSD) ranges from 27 to 60 % and half of patients having early post-infarct LVSD subsequently develop chronic heart failure. The purpose of this study is to show association between hs-CRP with LVSD in AMI and early detection of HF. This was a cross-sectional analytical study in which hs-CRP was done among all the study subjects between 24-48 hours after onset of AMI. The study population was categorized into groups I, II, II according to the lowest to highest hs-CRP level. Transthoracic echocardiography was done between 24-48 hours of anterior ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). Then LVSD was assessed between those three groups and searched for association. Severely reduced ejection fraction (EF) was found in patients of group III (highest hs-CRP tertile) only. Severe and moderately reduced EF and FS was found significantly more in group III and II than group I (mid and lowest hs-CRP tertile) (p<0.001). High level of hs-CRP in patient of acute anterior STEMI patients was associated with moderate to severe reduction in EF and Fractional Shortening (FS).  So hs- CRP may be a prognostic marker in acute anterior STEMI complicating LVSD and early management would improved the short and long term prognosis.
DPPH Free-radical Scavenging and Cytotoxic Activities of Leeamacrophylla
Authors: Ahmed Firoj , Akter Dilruba , Muhit Md. Abdul , Raihan Sheikh Zahir , Faroque A B M
Published: December 2018

Structural damage inflicted to a wide variety of bioorganic compounds (DNA, protein, carbohydrates, and lipid) may occur as a consequence of oxidative damage which is naturally attributed to our daily lifestyle. A number of mechanisms are exploited to neutralize the reactive oxygen species. Medicinal plant can play a pivotal role of detoxifying the generated ROS. Leeamacrophylla (Leeaceae), a wild medicinal plant, has been taken into consideration of having antioxidant and cytotoxic properties. In this study, in vitro DPPH free radical scavenging activity, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of methanol extract from the leaves of L. macrophylla were determined with using UV spectrophotometric method. Antioxidant activity of the crude extract was expressed as percentage of DPPH free radical inhibition and IC50 value (μg/ml). The IC50 value of L. macrophylla was found to be 152.40μg/ml. Compared to standard ascorbic acid (4.36 μg/ml), L. macrophylla leaf extract has moderate antioxidant property. The total phenolic content was 65.75 mg/g of dry weight of extract, expressed as gallic acid equivalents. The total flavonoid concentration was 59.8 mg/g, expressed as quercetin equivalents. In the brine shrimp lethality test, LC50value of crude methanolic extract obtained from the best-fit line slope was 3.06μg/ml which was significant comparing with control (vincristine sulphate). Above results suggested that the L. macrophylla can be regarded as a promising candidate for natural plant sources of antioxidants with high value.
Know and Care Life Friends -Microbiota
Authors: Ahmed Abdullah Akhtar
Published: December 2018

Abstract not available KYAMC Journal Vol. 9, No.-3, October 2018, Page 101-103
Profile of Organophosphorus Poisoning
Authors: Debnath Joya , Basak Arpan Kumar , Rahman Md Zubaidur , Saha Anujit
Published: December 2018

Background : Self poisoning with organophosphate pesticides is a major health problem in world wide. Organophosphorus compound poisoning is a very common toxicological emergency encountered at Mirzapur in Tangail. It is particularly common among the rural agricultural worker's which comprise a substantial group of the population of this region.Objective: The objective of this study was to find out the incidence, frequency, pattern of poisoning, outcome and aetiological aspect of Organo phosphorus poisoning patient admitted in Kumudini Women's Medical college Hospital.Methods: A total 366 cases of OPC poisoning were analysed during 1 year from January 2015 to December 2015. The emphasis was given on age, sex, socio-economic status, occupation, motive of poisoning, types of compound consumed its quality, place, distance from referral place and the ultimate outcome.Results: Young population of rural background, particularly agricultural workers were the commonest patients (51.91%). The most common motive of poisoning was with a suicidal intent, both in males (27.59%) and females (66.39%). Financial crisis was one of the most common reasons analysed as the motive behind the poisoning (54.20%). Three hundred forty four Patients recovered and 22 were expired. The major cause of death in these cases was respiratory failure followed by multi-organ failure.Conclusion : Strict of the pesticide act and involving a new policy by the government to educate the public and youth in large about the dangerous, life threatening effects of Organophosphorus compound could help amelerioating the harmful effects of such poisoning.KYAMC Journal Vol. 9, No.-3, October 2018, Page 133-135
Adenomatoid Tumor of Epididymis-A Case Report
Authors: Mallik Ashraf Uddin , Rahman Md Mostafizur , Karmaker Uttam , Ferdous Baikali
Published: December 2018

Adenomatoid tumor is a very rare benign tumor of mesothelial origin. It is very difficult to distinguish carcinoma from an adenomatoid tumor. This is a report of a case of an adenomatoid tumor of the right epididymis of a man of 38-year-old who came to Urology OPD with pain and palpable swelling on the right testis. He also complaints of severe burning during ejaculation. We diagnose the case by ultrasonogram (USG) and Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC). Right epididymectomy has done and histopathology revealed adenomatoid tumor. As the tumor is very rare, the case is to report for its clinical entity.KYAMC Journal Vol. 9, No.-3, October 2018, Page 141-143
Role of Modelling in International Crop Research: Overview and Some Case Studies
Authors: Reynolds Matthew , Kropff Martin , Crossa Jose , Koo Jawoo , Kruseman Gideon , Molero Milan Anabel , Rutkoski Jessica , Schulthess Urs , Balwinder-Singh  , Sonder Kai , Tonnang Henri , Vadez Vincent
Published: December 2018

Crop modelling has the potential to contribute to global food and nutrition security. This paper briefly examines the history of crop modelling by international crop research centres of the CGIAR (formerly Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research but now known simply as CGIAR), whose primary focus is on less developed countries. Basic principles of crop modelling building up to a Genotype × Environment × Management × Socioeconomic (G × E × M × S) paradigm, are explained. Modelling has contributed to better understanding of crop performance and yield gaps, better prediction of pest and insect outbreaks, and improving the efficiency of crop management including irrigation systems and optimization of planting dates. New developments include, for example, use of remote sensed data and mobile phone technology linked to crop management decision support models, data sharing in the new era of big data, and the use of genomic selection and crop simulation models linked to environmental data to help make crop breeding decisions. Socio-economic applications include foresight analysis of agricultural systems under global change scenarios, and the consequences of potential food system shocks are also described. These approaches are discussed in this paper which also calls for closer collaboration among disciplines in order to better serve the crop research and development communities by providing model based recommendations ranging from policy development at the level of governmental agencies to direct crop management support for resource poor farmers.