bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chomsky’s Theory of Mind: Concepts and Contents
Authors: Tantray Mudasir Ahmad
Published: August 2023

Nowadays, it is very debatable among philosophers, psychologists, linguists and artificial intelligence scientists that what mind actually is, where it exists and how it works? Chomsky, the great philosopher and the main exponent of cognitive revolution tries to sketch the description of mind, its nature, mental processes, its structure as well as its relation with its other cognitive modules. It also examines innate and acquired knowledge of mind. In this paper, I shall argue about the capacities of the mind, why Chomsky called mind capacity as different from its ability and other faculties. This paper also describes the theories that are connected with the field of mind i.e, mind and language, linguistic mentalism, Modular mind, Cartesian mind, mind-body problem, Philosophical grammar, and thought processes like reasoning and perceptions. Firstly, I shall argue about, does Chomsky consider mind different from brain, consciousness and thought?  Secondly, does Chomsky consider mind as a separate concept or he regards it as the constituent of language only? And thirdly, how Chomsky responds to rationalists and empiricists?
Assessing the Impact of Destination Image in the Selection of a Destination: Mediating role of e-WOM
Authors: Khaki Aijaz , Shaban Romeesa , Mir Mudasir Ahmad
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between destination image, e-WOM, and destination selection. In addition, this study intends to examine the role of e-WOM as a mediator in the relationship between destination image and destination choice. On the basis of earlier research, a pilot study was conducted to establish the instrument's validity and reliability.A descriptive research design and a positivist approach were applied to the present investigation. A sample of 380 valid questionnaires was analyzed for the present study. To obtain data from travellers who visited Kashmir Valley, the convenience sample technique was used. SPSS.20 and AMOS software were utilised for data analysis. Using AMOS software and the Structured Equation Modelling (SEM) methodology, the stated assumptions were tested. The analysis indicated that the image of a destination has a significant impact on tourist destination selection. In addition, the results demonstrated that e-WOM mediates the relationship between destination image and destination choice.
Examining Asian Destination Quality Attributes And Recovery Strategies In Advent Of Covid-19: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mhango Lenard , Dias Cheryl Venan
Published: August 2023

The advent of COVID-19 in Asia has piqued interest for research and publication from the discipline of tourism and destination management.  In order to assess how the pandemic affected both DQAs and recovery efforts, this study employed a systematic review methodology. The review of a literature followed the PRISMA’s protocol.  The first screening extracted 165 papers from Dimensions and Lens web sources, which were further filtered according to their date of publication, publication type, keywords, publisher, and title relevance. After the initial screening, from the preliminary articles which were retained for consideration, 60 met inclusion criteria. To identify the concurrency of topics, a consolidated spreadsheet was mapped using Vosviewer and Nvivo software. The mapping process identified three main topics, destination attributes, impacts, and recovery strategies. The study used descriptive Meta-ethnography approaches to further synthesize the data. It is observed that the majority of articles reviewed are published between 2021 and 2022 and the majority use quantitative and qualitative methods. China contributed the majority of the articles while Indonesia and India contributed a significant number. Meta-ethnography synthesis revealed seven concepts related to each of the three main dimensions. The findings raise anxiety to revisit destination management practices and policies post-pandemic. The study recommends that destination managers should spend quality time understanding which attributes are fragile and critical to change destination performance. quality management, practices and policies in times of pandemics
On the Development of a Competency-Based Model for the Qualifi cation Certification of Auditors in the Context of Import Substitution
Authors: Kazakova Nataliya
Published: August 2023

The article presents the results of the audit competency monitoring conducted in the first half of 2023. The generalized results of monitoring all groups of respondents showed that the ongoing transformation of the profession requires an increase in the level of competencies in the field of IT, business analysis, audit procedures to ensure users' confidence in the reliability of financial and non-financial information based on international auditing standards and national legislation in this area of professional activity.
Borderline personality – from psychoanalysis to epigenetics. Biological basis of attachment
Authors: Juraś-Darowny Małgorzata , Strzelecki Dominik , Talarowska Monika
Published: August 2023

W rozumieniu teorii relacji z obiektem, zaburzenie osobowości borderline (borderline personality disorder, BPD) charakteryzuje się strukturalną nieprawidłowością tożsamości, sprzecznymi reprezentacjami siebie i innych oraz dezorganizacją przywiązania – konstruktu zakorzenionego we wczesnych doświadczeniach jednostki, kluczowego dla nawiązywanych w późniejszym życiu relacji. Szczególną rolę w powstawaniu stylu przywiązania przypisuje się relacji z opiekunem, trudnym doświadczeniom bądź traumom z wczesnych etapów rozwojowych. Doświadczenia te stanowią nie tylko psychologiczne podłoże rozwoju pozabezpiecznego stylu przywiązania, ale również pozostawiają w organizmie biologiczny ślad w postaci modyfikacji epigenetycznych. Choć badania dotyczące modyfikacji epigenetycznych w BPD nie są liczne, rosnąca ilość dowodów ukazuje znaczenie w etiologii BPD oksytocyny - „ socjalnego peptydu ” leżącego u podstaw przywiązania. Uważamy, że badania modyfikacji epigenetycznych wpływających na działanie oksytocyny w grupie klinicznej BPD pozwolą na lepsze zrozumienie podłoża i procesu rozwoju zaburzenia, a także wskażą kierunek terapeutyczny pozwalający na skuteczną pracę w najważniejszych obszarach BPD.
Review: proteins c-Myc and Myc-nick as potential targets for the melignant melanoma treatment
Authors: Maryniuk G. , Stepanov G. , Oleynik K. , Selyvanska I. , Tereshchenko L. , Dubna Y.
Published: August 2023

Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive and life-threatening skin cancer with increasing incidences over the past decades. Despite accounting for only 4 % of all skin cancers, melanoma confers 80 % of skin cancer induced death. The underlying cause of melanoma progression and metastasis is poorly understood.

Myc is a very strong proto-oncogene and it is very upregulated in many types of cancers. c-Myc protein is a transcription factor that activates expression of many genes. It drives cell proliferation, plays a very important role in regulating cell growth, apoptosis and differentiation. High c-Myc expression is associated with tumor metastasis and poor prognosis in human melanoma.

Full-length c-Myc is converted into Myc-nick by calcium-dependent on cytosolic proteases that are members of the calpain family. In connection with the key role of the cytoplasmic protein Myc-nick in the autophagy activativation, increasing the resistance to chemotherapy and overall survival of tumor cells, it can be a target for treatment tumors under the conditions of c-Myc overexpression. That fact that the expression of Myc-nick increases the survival of cells after UV radiation can indicate the key role of the Myc-nick in tumorogenesis of melanoma cells.
Birds of a Feather: Do Hedge Fund Managers Flock Together?
Authors: Gerritzen Marc , Jackwerth Jens , Plazzi Alberto
Published: August 2023

Mandatory filings for UK hedge funds suggest that managers having worked at the same prior employer invest more similarly in terms of distances of returns. If they overlapped in employment, increasing the chance of social ties, investments become even more similar. The joint effect accounts for up to two thirds of the difference in investing behavior. Results are robust to fund- and manager-level controls as well as to identification concerns. With controls, the same-employer effect is concentrated in the systematic component (beta), whereas the overlap effect is concentrated in the idiosyncratic components (alpha and residuals). Managerial ties make any two funds more similar in their stock holdings. Moreover, portfolios of connected funds outperform their peers in terms of alpha, return volatility, and Sharpe ratio.

This paper was accepted by Victoria Ivashina, finance.

Supplemental Material: The data file is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4843 .
Sooner or Later? Promising Delivery Speed in Online Retail
Authors: Cui Ruomeng , Lu Zhikun , Sun Tianshu , Golden Joseph M.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Problem definition: Online retailers have to provide customers with an estimate of how fast an order can be delivered before they decide to make the purchase. Retailers can strategically adjust this delivery speed promise online without changing offline infrastructure, and doing so may fundamentally impact business outcomes. It can influence consumers’ purchasing decisions and postpurchase experiences, often in the opposite direction. On one hand, an aggressive (i.e., faster) delivery estimate could ensure that more customers meet their deadlines and thus, may increase their purchases ex ante. On the other hand, an aggressive estimate tends to overpromise, potentially leading to a longer than expected wait time, which can lower customer satisfaction and increase product returns ex post. In this research, we estimate the causal effect of retailers’ delivery speed promise on customer behaviors and business performance. Methodology/results: Collaborating with Collage.com , an online retailer that sells customized photo products across the United States, we exogenously varied the disclosed delivery speed estimates online while keeping the physical delivery speed unchanged. Using the difference-in-differences identification strategy, we find that a faster promise increases sales and profits, but it also increases product returns and reduces customer retention. In addition, we propose a data-driven model that uses the estimated parameters to optimize delivery promises to maximize customer lifetime value. Managerial implications: Our findings provide managerial insights and a data-driven policy that retailers can leverage to optimize and customize their delivery promises.

Funding: T. Sun acknowledges research support from CKGSB Research Institute.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2021.0174 .
Health visitors' lived experiences of the effects of service change on their professional identity
Authors: Seaman Helen Elizabeth
Published: August 2023

A qualitative study was carried out to investigate how service changes actioned by one NHS Trust in England affected health visitors' professional identity. Twenty health visitors were interviewed over 22 months, commencing in 2018, using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) combined with an art-based method. A comprehensive professional identity for health visitors was established, as discussed in a previous article ( Seaman, 2022 ). The effects of service changes as described by the study participants were then mapped onto the core dimensions of their perceived professional identity. This article charts these study findings and offers recommendations for health visitor managers, employers and policy makers. The psychological effects of service change will be discussed in a future article.
Turning Buildings into Batteries
Authors: Knight Helen
Published: August 2023

Cement that stores electrical energy
En Route to Real-World Autonomy
Authors: Excell Jon
Published: August 2023

Jon Excell reports on the UK's biggest and most ambitious trial of driverless car technology
Telehealth for a better service delivery in orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Grandhi Tarani S. P. , Fontalis Andreas , Raj Rhody D. , Kim Woo J. , Giebaly Dia E. , Haddad Fares S.
Published: August 2023

Telehealth has the potential to change the way we approach patient care. From virtual consenting to reducing carbon emissions, costs, and waiting times, it is a powerful tool in our clinical armamentarium. There is mounting evidence that remote diagnostic evaluation and decision-making have reached an acceptable level of accuracy and can safely be adopted in orthopaedic surgery. Furthermore, patients’ and surgeons’ satisfaction with virtual appointments are comparable to in-person consultations. Challenges to the widespread use of telehealth should, however, be acknowledged and include the cost of installation, training, maintenance, and accessibility. It is also vital that clinicians are conscious of the medicolegal and ethical considerations surrounding the medium and adhere strictly to the relevant data protection legislation and storage framework. It remains to be seen how organizations harness the full spectrum of the technology to facilitate effective patient care.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(8):843–849.
SIRVA: Shoulder injury related to vaccine administration
Authors: Jenkins Paul J. , Duckworth Andrew D.
Published: August 2023

Shoulder injury related to vaccine administration (SIRVA) is a prolonged episode of shoulder dysfunction that commences within 24 to 48 hours of a vaccination. Symptoms include a combination of shoulder pain, stiffness, and weakness. There has been a recent rapid increase in reported cases of SIRVA within the literature, particularly in adults, and is likely related to the mass vaccination programmes associated with COVID-19 and influenza. The pathophysiology is not certain, but placement of the vaccination in the subdeltoid bursa or other pericapsular tissue has been suggested to result in an inflammatory capsular process. It has been hypothesized that this is associated with a vaccine injection site that is “too high” and predisposes to the development of SIRVA. Nerve conduction studies are routinely normal, but further imaging can reveal deep-deltoid collections, rotator cuff tendinopathy and tears, or subacromial subdeltoid bursitis. However, all of these are common findings within a general asymptomatic population. Medicolegal claims in the UK, based on an incorrect injection site, are unlikely to meet the legal threshold to determine liability.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(8):839–842.
High-intensity interval training improves fatty infiltration in the rotator cuff through the β3 adrenergic receptor in mice
Authors: Zhou Hecheng , Chen Chuanshun , Hu Hai , Jiang Binbin , Yin Yuesong , Zhang Kexiang , Shen Minren , Wu Song , Wang Zili
Published: August 2023

Aims

Rotator cuff muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration affect the clinical outcomes of rotator cuff tear patients. However, there is no effective treatment for fatty infiltration at this time. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) helps to activate beige adipose tissue. The goal of this study was to test the role of HIIT in improving muscle quality in a rotator cuff tear model via the β3 adrenergic receptor (β3AR).

Methods

Three-month-old C57BL/6 J mice underwent a unilateral rotator cuff injury procedure. Mice were forced to run on a treadmill with the HIIT programme during the first to sixth weeks or seventh to 12th weeks after tendon tear surgery. To study the role of β3AR, SR59230A, a selective β3AR antagonist, was administered to mice ten minutes before each exercise through intraperitoneal injection. Supraspinatus muscle, interscapular brown fat, and inguinal subcutaneous white fat were harvested at the end of the 12th week after tendon tear and analyzed biomechanically, histologically, and biochemically.

Results

Histological analysis of supraspinatus muscle showed that HIIT improved muscle atrophy, fatty infiltration, and contractile force compared to the no exercise group. In the HIIT groups, supraspinatus muscle, interscapular brown fat, and inguinal subcutaneous white fat showed increased expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and uncoupling protein 1, and upregulated the β3AR thermogenesis pathway. However, the effect of HIIT was not present in mice injected with SR59230A, suggesting that HIIT affected muscles via β3AR.

Conclusion

HIIT improved supraspinatus muscle quality and function after rotator cuff tears by activating systemic sympathetic nerve fibre near adipocytes and β3AR.

Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2023;12(8):455–466.
Financial analysis of revision hip surgery at a tertiary referral centre as classified using the British Hip Society Revision Hip Complexity Classification
Authors: Hillier David I. , Petrie Michael J. , Harrison Tim P. , Salih Saif , Gordon Andrew , Buckley Simon C. , Kerry Robert M. , Hamer Andrew
Published: August 2023

Aims

The burden of revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) continues to grow. The surgery is complex and associated with significant costs. Regional rTHA networks have been proposed to improve outcomes and to reduce re-revisions, and therefore costs. The aim of this study was to accurately quantify the cost and reimbursement for a rTHA service, and to assess the financial impact of case complexity at a tertiary referral centre within the NHS.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of all revision hip procedures was performed at this centre over two consecutive financial years (2018 to 2020). Cases were classified according to the Revision Hip Complexity Classification (RHCC) and whether they were infected or non-infected. Patients with an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade ≥ III or BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 are considered “high risk” by the RHCC. Costs were calculated using the Patient Level Information and Costing System (PLICS), and remuneration based on Healthcare Resource Groups (HRG) data. The primary outcome was the financial difference between tariff and cost per patient episode.

Results

In all, 199 revision episodes were identified in 168 patients: 25 (13%) least complex revisions (H1); 110 (55%) complex revisions (H2); and 64 (32%) most complex revisions (H3). Of the 199, 76 cases (38%) were due to infection, and 78 patients (39%) were “high risk”. Median length of stay increased significantly with case complexity from four days to six to eight days (p = 0.006) and for revisions performed for infection (9 days vs 5 days; p < 0.001). Cost per episode increased significantly between complexity groups (p < 0.001) and for infected revisions (p < 0.001). All groups demonstrated a mean deficit but this significantly increased with revision complexity (£97, £1,050, and £2,887 per case; p = 0.006) and for infected failure (£2,629 vs £635; p = 0.032). The total deficit to the NHS Trust over two years was £512,202.

Conclusion

Current NHS reimbursement for rTHA is inadequate and should be more closely aligned to complexity. An increase in the most complex rTHAs at major revision centres will likely place a greater financial burden on these units.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(8):559–566.
“They have been a saving grace in all this”: the role of the third sector in disabled people’s experiences of COVID-19 and implications for sector–state relations
Authors: Cullingworth Jane , Watson Nicholas , Shakespeare Thomas , Brunner Richard , Pearson Charlotte , Scherer Nathaniel
Published: August 2023

This article explores the third sector’s role during the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the experiences of disabled people in England and Scotland. It draws on semi-structured longitudinal interviews with 71 disabled people and 31 key informants, primarily from disabled people’s organisations. The third sector’s nimble response, supporting people in myriad innovative ways, emerged as a key finding. In contrast, statutory services were experienced by many as a barrier rather than an enabler, posing doubts about the state’s ability to respond to the crisis. Our findings raise questions about the role of the state and the third sector. We employ and critique Young’s typology of sector–state relations, concluding that the state needs to engage with the third sector as an equal and strategic partner, recognising its civil society credentials. Further, we raise questions about the appropriateness of using supply and demand models to understand the third sector’s societal role.
Thinking Transcendence as Ethical Relationship and Its Cultural Presuppositions: A Hermeneutical Encounter between Zhu Xi's 'Authentic Nature' and Levinas' 'Face'
Authors: Arghirescu Diana
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Through an intercultural dialogue—Chinese and Western—this article explores the possibility of building cultural diversity and pluralism in philosophy. It focuses, first, on building a dialogue between Levinas' and Zhu Xi's apparent (philosophical) affinity for ethics at the level of meaning of the concept of transcendence in the Neo-Confucian and Levinasian ethical contexts and, second, on uncovering and analyzing the inapparent differences at the level of cultural presuppositions on which this apparent affinity is based. I offer that both Levinas and Zhu Xi distinguish the impulse to care for the other—out of which the human relationship emerges—as rooted not in the ontological self but in an ethical transcendence: the other's face (Levinas) and the human authentic nature as mandate of heaven (Zhu Xi). The article comparatively interprets them and their cultural presuppositions.
Original Nothingness and Wu - Compounds: Re-interpreting the Daodejing 's Discourse on Nothingness
Authors: Michael Thomas
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Daoist thought often takes nothingness as a foundational source of generation that can also be harnessed to good government. This study re-interprets the Daodejing' s original discourse on nothingness in terms of an original condition, which it connects to the variety of philosophically significant wu -compounds found throughout the text. It examines two early articulations of this discourse by drawing a contrast between the thought of Laozi and the thought of Heshang Gong.
Design and preliminary evaluation of a multi-channel multi-energy point integrated Wolter microscope
Authors: Li Yaran , Ma Huanzhen , Chen Yifan , Li Zhengda , Wang Dongfang
Published: August 2023

In inertial confinement fusion, high-precision x-ray imaging is crucial for understanding the states of matter under extreme conditions. To observe the target asymmetry during compression, multiple imaging spots with varying energy responses are necessary. However, integrating multiple imaging channels in a grazing incidence x-ray imaging scheme is challenging, and there is an urgent need for effective combination of multi-color and high-throughput diagnostics. This study presents a design method for a multi-channel integrated Wolter microscope with high spatial resolution, wide-band response, and high throughput. The basic optical configuration, adjustment method, and multi-channel integration scheme are discussed in detail. A 10 keV-class three-channel integrated Wolter microscope is proposed for verification, with an estimated spatial resolution better than 4.0 µm in a field of view of ±500µm. The peak response efficiencies for each imaging channel are calculated as 5.2×10−5sr, 8.6×10−5sr, and 2.2×10−4sr, respectively.
Fast diffraction model of an EUV mask based on asymmetric patch data fitting
Authors: Li Ziqi , Jing Xuyu , Dong Lisong , Ma Xu , Wei Yayi
Published: August 2023

Calculating the diffraction near field (DNF) of a three-dimensional (3D) mask is a key
problem in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography imaging modeling.
This paper proposes a fast DNF model of an EUV mask based on the
asymmetric patch data fitting method. Due to the asymmetric imaging
characteristics of the EUV lithography system, a DNF library is built
up including the training mask patches posed in different orientations
and their rigorous DNF results. These training patches include some
representative local mask features such as the convex corners, concave
corners, and edge segments in four directions. Then, a
convolution-based compact model is developed to rapidly simulate the
DNFs of 3D masks, where the convolution kernels are inversely
calculated to fit all of the training data. Finally, the proposed
model is verified by simulation experiments. Compared to a
state-of-the-art EUV mask model based on machine learning, the
proposed method can further reduce the computation time by 60%–70% and
roughly obtain the same simulation accuracy.
Applications of Lasers for Sensing and Free Space Communications: introduction to the feature issue
Authors: Spencer Mark F. , Bose-Pillai Santasri , Fuerbach Alex , Riviere Nicolas , Toselli Italo , van Iersel Miranda , Watson Edward A.
Published: August 2023

This feature issue highlights the latest developments in laser-based sensing and free space communications. In total, 15 papers were published in Applied Optics, including an invited review paper that celebrates the legacy of David L. Fried.
Unknown cell class distinction via neural network based scattering snapshot recognition
Authors: Cioffi Gaia , Dannhauser David , Rossi Domenico , Netti Paolo A. , Causa Filippo
Published: August 2023

Neural network-based image classification is widely used in life science applications. However, it is essential to extrapolate a correct classification method for unknown images, where no prior knowledge can be utilised. Under a closed set assumption, unknown images will be inevitably misclassified, but this can be genuinely overcome choosing an open-set classification approach, which first generates an in-distribution of identified images to successively discriminate out-of-distribution images. The testing of such image classification for single cell applications in life science scenarios has yet to be done but could broaden our expertise in quantifying the influence of prediction uncertainty in deep learning. In this framework, we implemented the open-set concept on scattering snapshots of living cells to distinguish between unknown and known cell classes, targeting four different known monoblast cell classes and a single tumoral unknown monoblast cell line. We also investigated the influence on experimental sample errors and optimised neural network hyperparameters to obtain a high unknown cell class detection accuracy. We discovered that our open-set approach exhibits robustness against sample noise, a crucial aspect for its application in life science. Moreover, the presented open-set based neural network reveals measurement uncertainty out of the cell prediction, which can be applied to a wide range of single cell classifications.
Improved QoT estimations through refined signal power measurements and data-driven parameter optimizations in a disaggregated and partially loaded live production network
Authors: He Yan , Zhai Zhiqun , Dou Liang , Wang Lingling , Yan Yaxi , Xie Chongjin , Lu Chao , Lau Alan Pak Tao
Published: August 2023

Accurate quality of transmission (QoT) estimations are essential enablers for future low-margin dynamic optical network operations. However, physical parameter measurement uncertainties and other intractable signal propagation effects degrade the accuracy of QoT estimation, especially in live production networks. The recent trend of network disaggregation further exacerbates the issue, and a vendor-agnostic accurate QoT estimator is much needed. In this paper, we study Gaussian-noise-model-based QoT estimation in a large-scale disaggregated and partially loaded live production network with monitored physical layer data spanning across 8 months. We first propose refining the signal power measurements by combining the inline amplifier and optical channel monitor (OCM) power measurements, followed by estimating the gain and noise power profiles of each inline amplifier, which in turn improves QoT estimation accuracy. We further introduce an optical multiplex section and frequency bias to the analytical model to incorporate intractable location-specific and spectral effects in the network and proposed data-driven parameter optimizations to learn the biases as well as erbium-doped fiber amplifier noise figures. The (mean, standard deviation) of the QoT estimation errors were reduced from (−0.1043, 0.6037) dB using average amplifier power and (−0.7875, 0.6337) dB using OCM power to (−0.0964, 0.4649) dB after input parameter refinements and were further reduced to (0.0046, 0.2377) dB with data-driven parameter optimization. The proposed methodologies are simple procedures that network operators can adopt to optimize analytical-model-based QoT estimators and/or serve as feature engineering procedures preceding machine-learning-based QoT in realistic disaggregated live production networks.
Towards practical single-shot phase retrieval with physics-driven deep neural network
Authors: Ye Qiuliang , Wang Li-Wen , Lun Daniel P. K.
Published: August 2023

Phase retrieval (PR), a long-established challenge for recovering a complex-valued signal from its Fourier intensity-only measurements, has attracted considerable attention due to its widespread applications in optical imaging. Recently, deep learning-based approaches were developed and allowed single-shot PR. However, due to the substantial disparity between the input and output domains of the PR problems, the performance of these approaches using vanilla deep neural networks (DNN) still has much room to improve. To increase the reconstruction accuracy, physics-informed approaches were suggested to incorporate the Fourier intensity measurements into an iterative estimation procedure. Since the approach is iterative, they require a lengthy computation process, and the accuracy is still not satisfactory for images with complex structures. Besides, many of these approaches work on simulation data that ignore some common problems such as saturation and quantization errors in practical optical PR systems. In this paper, a novel physics-driven multi-scale DNN structure dubbed PPRNet is proposed. Similar to other deep learning-based PR methods, PPRNet requires only a single Fourier intensity measurement. It is physics-driven that the network is guided to follow the Fourier intensity measurement at different scales to enhance the reconstruction accuracy. PPRNet has a feedforward structure and can be end-to-end trained. Thus, it is much faster and more accurate than the traditional physics-driven PR approaches. Extensive simulations and experiments on an optical platform were conducted. The results demonstrate the superiority and practicality of the proposed PPRNet over the traditional learning-based PR methods.
All-polarization-maintaining dual-comb fiber laser with mechanically shared cavity configuration and micro-optic component
Authors: Yumoto Takumi , Kokuyama Wataru , Matsubara Shinichi , Yasui Takeshi , Nakajima Yoshiaki
Published: August 2023

An all-polarization-maintaining dual-comb fiber laser with a mechanical shared-cavity configuration was demonstrated. The laser cavity configuration was simplified and downsized using the micro-optic component of a saturable absorber mirror and a wavelength-division multiplexer. A high relative frequency stability was achieved with an Allan deviation of 0.02 Hz. Further, the all-polarization-maintained fiber-based configuration facilitated an integrated phase noise of the relative beat note between dual-frequency combs of 378 rad (10 Hz−1 kHz) and 9.0 rad (100 Hz−1 MHz). The simple, compact, and robust dual-comb fiber laser yielded highly mutually coherent dual-optical frequency combs without active servo control, and significantly simplified dual-comb spectroscopy.
Combining molecular dynamics simulations and scoring method to computationally model ubiquitylated linker histones in chromatosomes
Authors: Sawade Kevin , Marx Andreas , Peter Christine , Kukharenko Oleksandra
Published: August 2023

The chromatin in eukaryotic cells plays a fundamental role in all processes during a cell’s life cycle. This nucleoprotein is normally tightly packed but needs to be unpacked for expression and division. The linker histones are critical for such packaging processes and while most experimental and simulation works recognize their crucial importance, the focus is nearly always set on the nucleosome as the basic chromatin building block. Linker histones can undergo several modifications, but only few studies on their ubiquitylation have been conducted. Mono-ubiquitylated linker histones (HUb), while poorly understood, are expected to influence DNA compaction. The size of ubiquitin and the globular domain of the linker histone are comparable and one would expect an increased disorder upon ubiquitylation of the linker histone. However, the formation of higher order chromatin is not hindered and ubiquitylation of the linker histone may even promote gene expression. Structural data on chromatosomes is rare and HUb has never been modeled in a chromatosome so far. Descriptions of the chromatin complex with HUb would greatly benefit from computational structural data. In this study we generate molecular dynamics simulation data for six differently linked HUb variants with the help of a sampling scheme tailored to drive the exploration of phase space. We identify conformational sub-states of the six HUb variants using the sketch-map algorithm for dimensionality reduction and iterative HDBSCAN for clustering on the excessively sampled, shallow free energy landscapes. We present a highly efficient geometric scoring method to identify sub-states of HUb that fit into the nucleosome. We predict HUb conformations inside a nucleosome using on-dyad and off-dyad chromatosome structures as reference and show that unbiased simulations of HUb produce significantly more fitting than non-fitting HUb conformations. A tetranucleosome array is used to show that ubiquitylation can even occur in chromatin without too much steric clashes.
The DNMT3A ADD domain is required for efficient de novo DNA methylation and maternal imprinting in mouse oocytes
Authors: Uehara Ryuji , Au Yeung Wan Kin , Toriyama Keisuke , Ohishi Hiroaki , Kubo Naoki , Toh Hidehiro , Suetake Isao , Shirane Kenjiro , Sasaki Hiroyuki
Published: August 2023

Establishment of a proper DNA methylation landscape in mammalian oocytes is important for maternal imprinting and embryonic development. De novo DNA methylation in oocytes is mediated by the DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A, which has an ATRX-DNMT3-DNMT3L (ADD) domain that interacts with histone H3 tail unmethylated at lysine-4 (H3K4me0). The domain normally blocks the methyltransferase domain via intramolecular interaction and binding to histone H3K4me0 releases the autoinhibition. However, H3K4me0 is widespread in chromatin and the role of the ADD-histone interaction has not been studied in vivo. We herein show that amino-acid substitutions in the ADD domain of mouse DNMT3A cause dwarfism. Oocytes derived from homozygous females show mosaic loss of CG methylation and almost complete loss of non-CG methylation. Embryos derived from such oocytes die in mid-to-late gestation, with stochastic and often all-or-none-type CG-methylation loss at imprinting control regions and misexpression of the linked genes. The stochastic loss is a two-step process, with loss occurring in cleavage-stage embryos and regaining occurring after implantation. These results highlight an important role for the ADD domain in efficient, and likely processive, de novo CG methylation and pose a model for stochastic inheritance of epigenetic perturbations in germ cells to the next generation.
An image-guided microfluidic system for single-cell lineage tracking
Authors: Aslan Kamil Mahmut , Fourneaux Camille , Yilmaz Alperen , Stavros Stavrakis , Parmentier Romuald , Paldi Andras , Gonin-Giraud Sandrine , deMello Andrew J. , Gandrillon Olivier
Published: August 2023

Cell lineage tracking is a long-standing and unresolved problem in biology. Microfluidic technologies have the potential to address this problem, by virtue of their ability to manipulate and process single-cells in a rapid, controllable and efficient manner. Indeed, when coupled with traditional imaging approaches, microfluidic systems allow the experimentalist to follow single-cell divisions over time. Herein, we present a valve-based microfluidic system able to probe the decision-making processes of single-cells, by tracking their lineage over multiple generations. The system operates by trapping single-cells within growth chambers, allowing the trapped cells to grow and divide, isolating sister cells after a user-defined number of divisions and finally extracting them for downstream transcriptome analysis. The platform incorporates multiple cell manipulation operations, image processing-based automation for cell loading and growth monitoring, reagent addition and device washing. To demonstrate the efficacy of the microfluidic workflow, 6C2 (chicken erythroleukemia) and T2EC (primary chicken erythrocytic progenitors) cells are tracked inside the microfluidic device over two generations, with a cell viability rate in excess of 90%. Sister cells are successfully isolated after division and extracted within a 500 nL volume, which was demonstrated to be compatible with downstream single-cell RNA sequencing analysis.
Subperiosteal/subgaleal drainage vs. subdural drainage for chronic subdural hematoma: A meta-analysis of postoperative outcomes
Authors: Chen Chunhui , Xiong Yu , Huang Xinyue , Guo Xiumei , Kang Xiaodong , Zhou Jianfeng , Pan Zhigang , Zheng Hanlin , Zheng Shuni , Wang Linxing , Hu Weipeng , Zhuang Liming , Zheng Feng
Published: August 2023

Background

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is commonly treated via surgical removal of the hematoma, placement of a routine indwelling drainage tube, and continuous drainage to ensure that the blood does not re-aggregate following removal. However, the optimal location for placement of the drainage tube remains to be determined.

Objectives

To aid in establishing a reference for selecting the optimal method, we compared the effects of different drainage tube placements on CSDH prognosis via a systematic review and meta-analysis of previous clinical studies.

Data sources

PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases.

Study eligibility criteria

We searched for clinical studies comparing the outcomes of subperiosteal/subgaleal drainage (SPGD) and subdural drainage (SDD) for CSDH published in English prior to April 1, 2022.

Participants

The final analysis included 15 studies involving 4,318 patients.

Results

Our analysis of the pooled results revealed no significant differences in recurrence rate between the SDD and SPGD groups. We also observed no significant differences in mortality or rates of postoperative complications (infection, pneumocephalus, or epilepsy) between the SDD and SPGD groups.

Conclusions

These results suggest that the choice of SDD vs. SPGD has no significant effect on CSDH prognosis, highlighting SPGD as an alternative treatment option for CSDH.
Biomarkers of professional cybersportsmen: Event related potentials and cognitive tests study
Authors: Gostilovich Sergei , Kotliar Shapirov Airat , Znobishchev Andrei , Phan Anh-Huy , Cichocki Andrzej
Published: August 2023

“Faster, higher, stronger” is the motto of any professional athlete. Does that apply to brain dynamics as well? In our paper, we performed a series of EEG experiments on Visually Evoked Potentials and a series of cognitive tests—reaction time and visual search, with professional eSport players in Counter-Strike: Global Offensive (CS:GO) and novices (control group) in order to find important differences between them. EEG data were studied in a temporal domain by Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) and in a frequency domain by Variational Mode Decomposition. The EEG analysis showed that the brain reaction of eSport players is faster (P300 latency is earlier on average by 20-70 ms, p < 0.005) and stronger (P300 peak amplitude is higher on average by 7-9 mkV, p < 0.01). Professional eSport players also exhibit stronger stimulus-locked alpha-band power. Besides, the Spearman correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between hours spend in CS:GO and mean amplitude of P200 and N200 for the professional players. The comparison of cognitive test results showed the superiority of the professional players to the novices in reaction time (faster) and choice reaction time—faster reaction, but similar correctness, while a significant difference in visual search skills was not detected. Thus, significant differences in EEG signals (in spectrograms and ERPs) and cognitive test results (reaction time) were detected between the professional players and the control group. Cognitive tests could be used to separate skilled players from novices, while EEG testing can help to understand the skilled player’s level. The results can contribute to understanding the impact of eSport on a player’s cognitive state and associating eSport with a real sport. Moreover, the presented results can be useful for evaluating eSport team members and making training plans.
Importance of the filamin A-Sav1 interaction in organ size control: evidence from transgenic mice
Authors: Zhang Huaguan , Yang Ziwei , Nakamura Fumihiko
Published: August 2023

The nucleocytoplasmic translocation of yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) controls the growth of animal tissues and organs. YAP1 binds to transcription factors in the nucleus to activate the transcription of proliferation and anti-apoptotic genes. The Hippo pathway prevents the nuclear translocation of YAP1 by phosphorylating YAP1, while mechanical forces promote it by opening the nuclear pore complex and stimulating other signaling pathways. Recently we found that Protein salvador homolog 1 (SAV1), a component of the Hippo pathway, interacts with filamin A (FLNA) in a force-dependent manner, raising a possibility that the Hippo pathway is regulated by mechanical force through the FLNA-SAV1 axis. To test this hypothesis, we generated conditional knock-in (KI) mice expressing non-Flna-binding mutant Sav1 in hepatocytes by crossing with mice carrying Cre recombinase driven by the serum albumin (alb) gene promoter. Unexpectedly, the insertion of the flox cassette skipped exon 2, resulting in a shorter Sav1 in all the transgenic mice. Since exon 2 encodes a fragment containing a Flna-binding domain, we analyzed both point mutant KI and exon 2-deleted mutant mice. Here we show that disruption of the Flna-Sav1 interaction in the mouse liver promotes apoptosis and suppresses tissue and organ growth without affecting the phosphorylation level of Yap1. These results provide evidence that the growth of animal tissues and organs is regulated by apoptosis downstream of the force-dependent FLNA-SAV1 interaction, at least in part.
Advances in the Development of Dual-Drug Antibody Drug Conjugates
Authors:   Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, Nervig Christine S. , Owen Shawn C. ,   Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112,   Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112,   Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
Published: August 2023

Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are touted for their ability to site selectively deliver a small molecule chemotherapeutic directly to a tumor cell, bypassing off target side effects from systemic circulation. To date, twelve ADCs have been FDA approved in the United States and >200 more in the clinical pipeline. While ADCs have proven successful in both solid and hematological cancers, resistance and tumor heterogeneity are major causes of failure clinically.[1] Tumor heterogeneity is known to lead to recurrence, metastasis, and acquired resistance to ADCs and other therapeutic strategies. Heterogenous tumors with differential drug sensitivities result in aggressive tumor growth, high relapse rates, and poor survival. To combat these challenges, the majority of chemotherapeutic regimens consist of a combination of drugs. Co-delivery of small molecules can overcome resistance, generate additive or synergistic effects, and enhance therapeutic efficacy. Emergence of tumors refractory to current therapies has given impetus to the evaluation of new ADC formats. This challenge has led to the exploration of dual-drug ADCs capable of delivering two mechanistically distinct payloads simultaneously. Strategies for the construction of dual-drug ADCs involve attachment of both drugs to one linker or through the use of two different conjugation sites on the antibody. Herein, we will review the synthesis and evaluation of the dual-drug ADCs reported to date. We focus on ADCs constructed by conjugation of linkers directly to antibody scaffolds and not to other formats or targeting molecules.
The Female Face in Patriarchy: Oppression as Culture
Authors: O'Connor Frances , Drury Becky
Published: August 2023

The Female Face in Patriarchy discusses women's complicity in patriarchal dominance and their role in fostering their own oppression. This work, the result of a two-year study by Frances O'Connor and Becky Drury focusing on Brazil and the United States, examines how and why women are participants and promoters of their own oppression in the Roman Catholic Church. Using the Church as a model for society in general, The Female Face in Patriarchy demonstrates how women, through centuries of conditioning, have become both victims and perpetrators of their own oppression and how their cooperation with, and submission to, patriarchal dominance has been both conscious and unconscious. The authors begin by asking tough questions: How does patriarchy deform a woman's soul? How and why does a woman embrace patriarchy? What are the ramifications of female patriarchal behavior? Their conclusions are based on data gathered through hundreds of personal interviews with women in parish settings and small communities. Leading Catholic feminists were interviewed about their theories as to why women are co-opted by the patriarchal system. The experiences of grassroots sisters and other women were compared with, and used to either corroborate or refute, the assumptions and theories of leading American and Brazilian feminists. Women are formed to hang their heads.