bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HLA Polymorphism in Israel*: 1. Jews of Polish Extraction
Authors: Gazit E. , Brautbar C. , Efter T. , Cohen R. , Yehoshua H. , Zamir R.
Published: December 2008

One hundred and twenty seven randomly selected Polish Jews were studied for their HLA polymorphism. Gene frequencies exceeding 0.1 were detected for A1, A2, Aw19, B14, Bw16 and Bw17. Significant gametic association was observed for (A1, Bw17), (A2, B27), (Aw26, Bw16), (Aw19, B13) and (A28, B14). Although a predominantly Caucasoid population, the Polish Jews show greater resemblance to Middle Eastern rather than to Northern European Caucasoids.
HLA Polymorphism in Israel: 5. The Moroccan Jews
Authors: Gazit E. , Zamir R. , Efter T. , Zfat Z. , Brautbar C.
Published: December 2008

One hundred and forty one unrelated Moroccan Jews living in Israel were studied for their HLA polymorphism. Gene frequencies exceeding.1 were found for A1, A2, A3, Aw19, B5, B12, and B13. Significant linkage disequilibrium occurred for (A1, B8), (A2, B5), (A2, Bw21), (A3, Bw40), (A9, B7), (A10, Bw16), (A29, B15) and (Aw19, B14). They represent an intermediate population between Europe and the Middle East.
A New Heterophile Antigen: Man Distinguished from Higher Apes and other Mammals
Authors: Irie Reiko F. , Irie Kenji , Shaw E. Jane , Morton Donald L.
Published: December 2008

Human cell membranes acquired an antigenic substance from the bovine serum in culture medium. The antigen was named the heterologous membrane antigen (HM Ag). Cross‐reactive antigen was found in sera of all mammals tested, except for man. The distribution of the HM Ag serologically distinguished man from other mammals.
Serological Studies of Cw1 and Cw3 Expressed on the Same Haplotype
Authors: Goodfellow P. N. , Payne R. O.
Published: December 2008

A serological comparison has been made between individuals who are phenotypically Cw1 and Cw3. The first individual is Oriental and carries Cw1 and Cw3 on the same hapiotype, the other individuals are Caucasian and carry either Cw1, Cw3 or Cw1 and Cw3 on different haplotypes. No unique specificities could be found on the Oriental Cw1, Cw3 hapiotype by reciprocal absorption experiments, inhibition of complement dependent microcytotoxicity by F(ab')2 fragments prepared from Cw1 and Cw3 antisera or by lysostrip experiments. The blocking and lysostrip experiments also suggested molecular independence of Cw1 and Cw3 determinants coded for by Oriental Cw1, Cw3 hapiotype. The results suggest a recent gene duplication in Oriental populations or two loci in the C region.
Association of HLA Antigen A9 with Progressive Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)
Authors: Clements Philip J. , Opelz Gerhard , Terasaki Paul I. , Mickey M. Ray , Furst Daniel
Published: December 2008

Upon evaluation of 40 subjects with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS), a significant association of HLA antigens A9 and Aw24 (a subgroup of A9) was found with diffuse scleroderma. HLA—Aw23 (a second subgroup of A9) was also increased in the patients, however, this was not statistically significant. Diffuse scleroderma appears to be one of the few diseases that shows an association with the HLA—A locus.
Relationship of HLA—D Associated B Lymphocyte (Ia‐Like) Antigens in the Cell Membrane
Authors: Albrechtsen Dagfinn , Solheim B. G. , Thorsby Erik
Published: December 2008

The molecular relationship of HLA—D‐associated by B lymphocyte antigens was studied in lysostrip, immunofluorescence and MLC inhibition experiments. Two B cell antigens, strongly associated with HLA—Dw2 and—Dw3 respectively, redistributed independently of each other in the cell membrane. A more broadly reacting B cell antiserum, which apparently recognized a public antigenic structure present on B cells of different HLA—D phenotypes, coaggregated with the HLA—Dw3‐associated B cell antigen. Antibodies directed against the HLA—Dw2 and—Dw3 associated cell antigens caused specific stimulating cell inhibition in MLC. Less. inhibition was observed if the target B cell antigen was shared between the responding and stimulating cell donor and thus did not constitute an allogeneic difference, indicating that these antigens are MLC stimulating determinants and that they reside on separate molecules in the cell membrane.
Association of HLA Antigens with Glucose Intolerance Following Renal Transplantation
Authors: D'Apice A. J. F. , Mathews J. D. , Tait B. D. , Kincaid‐Smith Priscilla
Published: December 2008

Records of 109 renal transplant patients were reviewed to test the hypothesis that post transplant glucose intolerance would be associated with “diabetic” HLA antigens (HLA—B8, B18, Bw15 and Bw16). Of 42 patients with significant glucose intolerance, 23 had one or more of these antigens (RR = 2.65, P= 0.01). These findings suggest that stress or drug treatment associated with renal transplantation can induce glucose intolerance in patients with a “diabetic” gene associated with the HLA—B locus.
Anti‐H‐2Dd Antibodies Cross‐React with HLA—A11 and Aw31
Authors: Iványi Pavol , van den Berg‐Loonen Ella , de Greeve Paul
Published: December 2008

Significant correlation was found between the cytotoxicity scoring grade (CSG) of an alloimmune mouse anti—H—2Dd serum with the presence of HLA—A11 and HLA—Aw31 on human lymphocytes. The finding shows a new type of H—2/HLA cross‐reactivity and a hitherto unknown relationship (XENO‐CREG) between two HLA antigens.
Possible Associations between HLA Antigens and the Immune Responsiveness to Attenuated Rubella Vaccine
Authors: Kato Shunichi , Kimura Mikio , Takakura Iwao , Sakakibara Tatsuro , Inouye Hiroo , Tsuji Kimiyoshi
Published: December 2008

We investigated possible associations between HLA antigens and the antibody response patterns during a clinical trial with a live attenuated rubella vaccine in 172 Japanese schoolgirls. Those vaccine recipients were divided into three groups, 42 low responders, 102 intermediate responders and 28 high responders, according to convalescent‐phase hemagglutination‐inhibiting antibody liters. High frequencies of HLA—A11 and HLA—B15 in high responders and HLA—Aw24 and HLA—B5 in low responders were found. Among HLA—A antigens HLA—A11 had the highest geometric mean HI antibody titer and HLA—Aw24 had the lowest. Among HLA—B antigens HLA—B15 had the highest and HLA—B5 had the lowest. Strong linkage disequilibrium was found between HLA—A11 and HLA—B15 in high responders and between HLA—Aw24 and HLA—B5 in low responders. These results suggest that there may be a relation‐ship between HLA antigens and specific immune response genes in man as well as in other vertebrates.
HLA and Thyrotoxicosis (Graves' Disease) in Chinese
Authors: Chan S. H. , Yeo P. P. B. , Lui K. F. , Wee G. B. , Woo K. T. , Lim P. , Cheah J. S.
Published: December 2008

HLA locus A and B typing was performed on 86 Chinese thyrotoxicosis (Graves' Disease) patients and 238 normal Chinese subjects. The frequency of HLA‐Bw46 (Sin 2) was found to be significantly higher among the patients than controls (X2= 26.15, corrected P <.003, relative risk = 3.74). The risk associated with Bw46 was reflected in the Bw46 heterozygotes. The relative risks of the joint occurrence of Bw46/B40 and Bw46/B13 were 8.74 and 5.88 respectively.
Inhibition of MLC Responder and Stimulator Function with Allo‐Antisera in Rhesus Monkeys1
Authors: Widmer M. B. , Balner H.
Published: December 2008

Ten antisera containing antibodies directed against specificities controlled by the Ia, locus of rhesus monkeys were tested for their ability to inhibit the MLC reaction. In cultures with responding cells from the serum producer, all sera with anti‐Ia1 activity depressed the stimulatory capacity of cells carrying the Ia1 antigen in question. In other responder/stimulator combinations, the stimulation‐inhibition was Ia1‐related for the majority of the antisera. These data provide further evidence for a possible identity (or close association on the cell membrane) between Ia1 and D locus determinants of rhesus monkeys. In addition, some sera showed an inhibitory effect also on responder cells (with cells from the serum producer as stimulators). There was no apparent relation of response inhibition to the Ia1 specificities detected by the antisera.
HLA and Glioma
Authors: de Moerloose Ph. , Jeannet M. , Martin‐Achard A. , de Tribolet N. , Seiler R. , Guanella N.
Published: December 2008

HLA typing of 80 glioma patients was determined and the antigen frequencies were compared with 176 normal controls. Increased phenotypic frequencies of Bw35 and DRw1 were observed, but when P values were corrected by the number of antigens tested (35), the results were no longer significant.
Cystic Fibrosis and HLA
Authors: Hennequet A. , Jehanne M. , Betuel H. , Gilly R. , Schmid M. , Hors J.
Published: December 2008

In 94 children suffering from cystic fibrosis, no abnormal frequencies of HLA markers of the A and B locus were observed in comparison with the distribution of these antigens in control series. Furthermore, the HLA genotypes of seven pairs of diseased sibs are incompatible with the hypothesis of a closed linkage between CF—an autosomal recessive transmitted disease—and HLA.
Detection of Thrombocyte Antibodies by 125I Labeled Protein A
Authors: Bergh O. J. , Solheim B. G.
Published: December 2008

Protein A from Staphylococcus aureus interacts in a specific manner with most subclasses of human IgG. In the present study a method is described which utilizes Protein A labeled with 125I for the detection of antibody sensitization of platelets. The clinical applicability of the test for detection of in vivo or in vitro sensitization is demonstrated in three patients with platelet antibodies.
HLA‐Antigen Frequencies in Patients with a Plummer‐Vinson Stricture
Authors: Middleton D. , Logan J. S. , Magennis B. P. , Nelson S. D.
Published: December 2008

Factors of individual susceptibility seem to be involved in the occurrence of Plummer‐Vinson stricture, which is a permanent stricture of the cervical esophagus associated with long continued iron deficiency. Fifty female patients with Plummer‐Vinson stricture were HLA typed and the antigen frequencies were compared with those of 75 female blood donors from the same geographic area and of the same race. A comparison was also made with the HLA antigen frequencies of a group of 200 blood donors (75 female and 125 male). There were no statistically significant differences in the HLA antigen distributions of the three groups.
The Association of HLA with Juvenile Diabetes Mellitus in Newfoundland
Authors: Farid N. R. , Barnard J. M. , Pepper B. , Noel Elke P. , Kelly F. , Davis A. J. , Hobeika C. , Marshall W. H.
Published: December 2008

In view of the reported variation in the association between HLA antigens and Juvenile Diabetes Mellitus (J.D.M.) among different Caucasian populations, we have undertaken a study of these antigens among 44 Caucasian Newfoundlanders and 135 matched controls. We have also studied the allotypic markers for Immunoglobulin G (Gm) and variants of C3 among 36 of these patients. We found that both HLA‐B8 and B15 were increased among the patient group, resulting in a relative risk of 3.9 and 4.4 respectively. While these values are the highest to be described for J.D.M. among Caucasians, and fell outside the 95% confidence intervals for the combined relative risk calculated from published series, it is still possible that they can be accounted for by sampling. The combination of the two antigens increased the relative risk for J.D.M. in an additive fashion. Additionally, we also found that the combination of HLA B8 and B18, but not B15 and B18, also appear to act in an additive manner. The incidence of Gm allotypes and variants of C3 were not different in the J.D.M. group from those observed among controls.
The HLA Antigens in Women with Recurrent Abnormal Pregnancies of Unknown Etiology
Authors: Gerenčr M. , Kaštelan A. , Dražanči A. , Kerhin‐Brkljači Vesna , Madjari M.
Published: December 2008

Women with recurrent abnormal pregnancies of unknown etiology—as compared with those with recurrent abnormal pregnancies of known etiology and with normal controls—had a significantly increased frequency of antigen HLA—A9 (corr. P < 0.01). Analysis of the frequencies in matings performed at different levels of HLA incompatibility between parents in 35 couples with recurrent abnormal pregnancies of unknown etiology revealed a high degree of wife husband compatibility of the antigens of the HLA—A locus, but not of the antigens of the HLA—B locus. These results indicate that the HLA chromosomal region may influence the reproductive efficiency and the fate of the fetus.
Increased HLA—B Heterozygosity with Age
Authors: Converse P. J. , Williams D. R. R.
Published: December 2008

427 healthy individuals ranging in age from 16 to 101 years were tested for HLA—A and—B antigens. No significant differences were found for any particular antigen according to the age of the individual. However, a significant trend of increasing frequency with age was found for individuals possessing two detectable HLA—B antigens. An apparent trend of increasing frequencies for individuals possessing four HLA—A and—B antigens was not significant. These results concur with those of some previously published studies.
A Haplotype Study of HLA Complex with Special Reference to the HLA‐DR Series and to Bf. C2 and Glyoxalase I Polymorphisms
Authors: Dausset J. , Legrand L. , Lepage V. , Contu L. , Marcelli‐Barge A. , Wildloecher I. , Benajam A. , Meo T. , Degos L.
Published: December 2008

Fifty‐three French families were typed for alleles at seven loci of the HLA complex (HLA—A, ‐B, ‐C, ‐DR, ‐Bf, ‐C2 and ‐GLO) and 212 haplotypes were demonstrated. Eleven recombinations were observed (two A/B, two A/C, two B/Bf, one Bf/D and four D/GLO). The linkage disequilibrium was calculated not only between two alleles (A) but between three, four seven alleles (D). In order to compare the intensity of D value in the various haplotypes, the influence of the differences in gene frequencies was eliminated by the introduction of the standardized Ds (Ds = D/D max). The number of haplotypes in disequilibrium is relatively limited since most of the significant Ds involved about 17 haplotypes. For some haplotypes, the disequilibrium covered the whole distance from A to GLO but the strongest disequilibrium concerns the C to Bf or C to DR segment. Three hypotheses (isolation, admixture of population and selection) concerning the formation and maintenance of the disequilibria are discussed.
Estimation of Haplotype Frequency and Linkage Disequilibrium Parameter in the HLA System1
Authors: Yasuda Norikazu
Published: December 2008

Conventional formulae currently employed were extended to calculate the haplotype frequency and the corresponding variance for an arbitrary number (n) of loci when unrelated individuals were investigated. A formula is presented for the variance for the degree of three locus linkage disequilibrium.
Studies of the HLA—D Determinants in the Hungarian Population
Authors: Ónody Clara , Kristensen Tom , Lamm L. U. , Gyódi Éva , Petrányi G. Gy. , Bátory Gabriella , Nemeskéry J.
Published: December 2008

A Hungarian random population sample was tested for six well‐known and two new HLA—D specificities. HLA—D antigen and gene frequencies in the studied population agree with the frequencies observed in pooled random Caucasians, only HLA—Dw3 being significantly elevated. The incidences of Dw1 and Dw4 are, however, lower while the incidences of the Dw5 and Dw6 alleles seem to be higher in our population sample without reaching statistical significance. As for the two new specificities, the IVÁD‐1 specificity has a low frequency, while IVÁD‐3 occurs quite frequently.

HLA–B and HLA—D associations seem to be different in our population sample as compared to others. In spite of the high incidence of the HLA—Bw35 antigen, no HLA‐D association was found. The two new HLA—D specificities did not show association with any of the established HLA—B antigens.
Activation of Classical Complement Pathway by Naturally Occurring Heteroantibodies in Normal Rabbit Serum. Effect on Subpopulations of Human Lymphoid Cells
Authors: Gossett Tom , Naeim Faramarz , Zeller Edith , Johns Sally
Published: December 2008

Heteroantibodies present in normal rabbit serum (NRS) are toxic to human B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and monocytes. Even NRS, which exhibits little back ground cytotoxicity for human lymphoid cells in conventional HLA or B‐cell lymphocytotoxic assays, can be shown to contain considerable activity by making two modifications in usual procedures: by washing cells in saline or balanced salt solutions devoid of protein or sugar substances, and by increasing incubation time from 1 h to 3–4h. Using such modifications, the cytotoxic activity of NRS towards human lymphoid cells was investigated and was found to involve activation of the classical complement pathway rather than activation of the alternate complement pathway. Residual unwanted background cytotoxicity of NRS toward human lymphoid cells can be decreased without loss of desired complement activity either by heating NRS for 15 min at 50° C or by mixing NRS with small amounts of normal human serum.
Specificity of Human Lymphocytes Primed against Allogeneic Cells in vitro. I Optimalization of Culture Conditions for Detection of HLA—D Specificity
Authors: Moen T. , Thorsby E.
Published: December 2008

The specificity of lymphocytes primed against allogeneic cells in vitro has been examined in order to find the optimal conditions for detection in the restimulating response of HLA—D specificity, as defined by homozygous cell typing. It was found that reducing the number of stimulating cells to less than the number of responding cells (ratio R/S = 4:1) in the priming culture, and increasing the number of stimulating cells at restimulation gave better discrimination. Priming with HLA—D heterozygous stimulating cells, where the responding and stimulating cells shared the other HLA—D determinant, rendered the primed cells somewhat more discriminatory than priming with HLA—D homozygous cells. The optimal length of the secondary culture was found to be about 38 h.
Association of HLA—B8, DRw3, and Anti‐Acetylcholine Receptor Antibodies in Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Naeim F. , Keesey J. C. , Herrmann C. , Lindstrom J. , Zeller E. , Walford R. L.
Published: December 2008

Twenty‐eight patients with myasthenia gravis (MG), five with and 23 without thymoma, and 47 normal controls were typed for serologically defined HLA—A, B, C, and DRw antigens. Sera from all patients were titered for antibodies to acetylcholine receptors (AChR). The frequency of HLA—B8 and DRw3 in the non‐thymoma MG patients was significantly higher than in the normal population. Most of the non‐thymoma patients with AChR titers higher than the average level were positive for HLA—B8 and/or DRw3, while the majority of the HLA—B8 (—) and/or DRw3 (—) non‐thymoma patients demonstrated AChR titers below average.

These findings support the possibility of the existence of immune response genes in the HLA—B, DRw segment of the major histocompatibility complex which are concerned in the response to or recognition of autoantigens.
Distribution of blood group antigens in adult pancreas
Authors: Rouger Ph. , Goossens D. , Gane P. , Salmon Ch.
Published: December 2008

Numerous blood group antigens are present in different human tissues where they appear as immunological markers of certain structures. The Pr antigen is the only antigen present in the islet of Langerhans. The A, B, H and Lewis antigens are present in the centro acinar cells and the Pr and Lewis antigens are found on the membrane of the pancreatic ducts. A, B, H and Pk antigens are expressed in the capillaries. These kinds of studies could be important for the transplantation of the endocrine pancreas.
Increased frequency of the group 5a antigen in patients with hematologic malignancies
Authors: Warren Reed P. , Store Rainer , Nelson Nira J. , Sale George E. , Thomas E. Donnall
Published: December 2008

We have confirmed our previously described finding that the group‐5a antigen is associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In addition we have found that the 5a antigen has an increased frequency in patients with chronic lymphocytic lymphoma but not in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia, acute myelomonocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease or histiocytic lymphoma.
Influence of HLA‐A and HLA‐B cross‐reactive antigen matching on kidney graft survival
Authors: Roy Raynald , Fradet Yves , Lachance Jean‐Guy
Published: December 2008

The presence of cross‐reactive (CR) antigens of the HLA‐A and B specificities between donor and recipient carries a better graft outcome than an HLA match not taking it into account. This influence of CR antigens has been observed in the case of cadaver kidneys matched only for none or one HLA antigen. If two or more antigens are matched this effect is not seen anymore. This improved graft survival could not be explained on the basis of the number of transfusions nor the incidence of cytotoxic antibodies.
Lymphocyte subpopulations in man: induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro by allogeneic B and T cells
Authors: Johnsen H. E.
Published: December 2008

Testing B and T cells as allogeneic stimulators of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in primary as well as secondary in vitro cultures, reveals that fresh, nonactivated B cells isolated from peripheral blood have an enhanced cytotoxic T cell stimulating capacity compared to T cells, although target determinants are present both on B and T cell blasts. Similarly, the capacity of T and B cells to stimulate proliferation in MLC is also quantitatively different.

These results are in accordance with the hypothesis concerning the in vitro generation of alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which postulates concurrent stimulation by strong lymphocyte activating determinants and target determinants for the generation of cytotoxic effector T lymphocytes, as both determinants are simultaneously found on B lymphocytes.

Three cell experiments performed by coculturing allogeneic stimulating B and T cells with responding T cells show that strong lymphocyte activating determinants found on B cells enhance the cytotoxicity against target determinants on cocultured B cells but nol on cocultured T cells, indicating qualitative differences between target determinants on B and T cells with respect to specific CTL stimulating capacity.

Furthermore, primed resting CTLs in secondary cultures could unspecifically be restimulated by third party B cells or pokeweed mitogen.

These results are the basis for a hypothesis concerning activation of CTLs, postulating nonspecific triggering of cytotoxic precursor cells by lymphocyte activating properties intrinsic to target determinants (TD) on B cells, preferentially activating clones of cytotoxic cells. The clonal proliferation is further unspecifically amplified by products of the T cell recognition of strong lymphocyte activating determinants (LAD).
Lymphocyte subpopulations in man: enhancement and inhibition in generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro
Authors: Johnsen H. E.
Published: December 2008

The requirements for generation of allospecific CTLs in vitro have been studied by “three cell” experiments, with two allogeneic T cell suspensions as cocultured responders, stimulated by irradiated B cells. This study describes enhancement as well as inhibition of the response, functionally defining T amplifier and T depressor cells regulating the differentiation of CTLs. Enhancement is the result of an amplifying effect on cytotoxic precursor T cells. Amplification is due to HLA‐D region incompatibility between the responding T cell donor and the stimulating donor resulting in strong proliferation. Inhibition is the result of a depressing effect on cytotoxic precursor T cells mediated by cocultured T cells. The depression seems to be due to HLA‐A,‐B,‐D identity between one of the responder T cell donors and the stimulator cells. The induction of depression is radiosensitive, accompanied by strong proliferation and CTL generation with cytotoxic specificity against the cocultured and depressed donor target cells. It is suggested that the functionally defined T depressor cells are cytotoxic precursors mediating cytostatic functions before strong cytotoxicity is detectable
Analysis of BoLA w6. Evidence for multiple subgroups
Authors: Spooner R. L. , Morgan A. L. G.
Published: December 2008

BoLA w6 is one of 16 specificities agreed upon at the 2nd International BoLA Workshop and many laboratories have produced sera reacting with this specificity. This paper presents evidence for at least four sub‐groups in w6. Three Edinburgh sera showing identical reaction patterns in the 1st and 2nd BoLA workshops have been studied by absorption. One serum contained a single antibody population reacting with an epitope common to all w6 positive cells. The other two contained antibodies against the same common epitope, antibodies to epitopes on four subgroups and an antibody reacting only with one subgroup w6.1. Another Edinburgh serum contained two populations of antibodies. One reacting with the common epitope and one with an epitope on two or possibly three subgroups. Immunisation between w6 positive individuals produced antisera to two subgroups without producing antibodies to common epitopes. At least two additional subgroups are likely to exist. These results indicate the presence of specificities unique to individual subtypes coupled with epitopes common to some and all w6 subgroups.
Inhibition of responder cell activity in mixed leukocyte culture reactions
Authors: de Rooij‐Doyer E. , Schoen M. A. , Bruning J. W. , van Rood J. J.
Published: December 2008

An HLA‐B7 antiserum showed cross‐reactivity with HLA‐B8, Bw41, a split of B40 (Bw60) and possibly Bw22 and B27, thus detecting one or more determinants on these antigens similar to an antigenic site on HLA‐B7 usually not detected by other B7‐antisera. The cross‐reactions were demonstrable by adsorption of antibodies on lymphocytes followed by release at 37°C, which enabled the detection of weak and otherwise hardly detectable reactivity. Released antibody molecules were detected in two different assays: (1) Antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) with HLA‐B7 positive target cells (fluorochromasia micro ADCC). (2) Inhibition of MLC reactions with B7 positive stimulator cells. The B7‐antibody, as detected in both assays, was released in decreasing activity from Bw41 > B8 > Bw60 ≥ B7 > (B27 ∼ Bw22) positive cells.

The order of sensitivity in which the various antigens were detected in ADCC assays in which the antiserum activity was measured directly on various target cells was different, viz. HLA‐B7 > Bw60 ∼ B27 > Bw41 > B8. Bw22 was not detected.

Absorption studies demonstrated that HLA‐B7 positive cells bound more B7 antibody activity than B8 positive cells. However, antibody molecules bound to B7 positive cells were mainly released as immune complexes, which could be dissociated by treatment with acid. In contrast, B7 antibody molecules bound to B8 positive cells were released as free antibody molecules. This marked difference in shedding properties further explained the previously described B7 specific unresponsiveness in MLC of HLA‐B8 (and also Bw41) positive responder cells after sensitization with the B7 antiserum (de Rooij et al. 1980).
On the dynamics of HLA‐A2 antigen‐antibody complexes on the cell membrane of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. A biochemical and electron microscopical autoradiographic study
Authors: Giphart M. J. , de Rooij‐Dover E. , Wisse E. , Bruning J. W.
Published: December 2008

This report deals with some dynamic aspects of membrane bound immune complexes of HLA antigens and antibodies. Radiolabelled HLA antibodies were used to sensitize peripheral blood lymphocytes. Upon in vitro incubation of these cells, two different events were detected:

1) Immune complexes and a limited amount of free antibody were shed into the culture supernate; from the immune complexes specific antibodies could be regenerated.

2) Immune complexes were also internalized by means of endocytosis as visualized by electron microscopical autoradiography. Antibodies were found above dense bodies (lysosomes) and above multivesicular bodies.

The results are discussed in relation to the biology of membrane bound HLA molecules.
HLA antigens and HBV infection: evaluation in the chronic carrier state and in a large family
Authors: Sampliner Richard E. , Bias Wilma B. , Carney Elizabeth , Hillis Argye , Hillis William D.
Published: December 2008

HLA antigens were determined in 65 apparently well chronic carriers of HBsAg, in race‐matched controls and in 42 members of a family with a high frequency of hepatitis B virus infection. The only apparent significant association in the chronic carriers was negative, i.e., no HLA‐B7 specificities were found among whites. B7 may confer resistance for whites to chronic infection with hepatitis B. In the family neither active (HBsAg) nor prior (anti‐HBs) hepatitis B infection was associated with HLA specificities. HLA antigens in this family failed to provide a clue to the genetics of hepatitis B infection.
HLA‐linked genetic markers in Chinese and other Oriental populations
Authors: Miniter Peggy , Chan Ka Wah , Pollack Marilyn S. , Dupont Bo , O'Neill Geoffrey J.
Published: December 2008

The polymorphic variants of the HLA‐linked genetic markers Bf, C2, C4 and GLO—I were studied in three mongoloid populations. Analysis of linkage disequilibrium between these markers and HLA‐A, B, C and DR antigens was carried out on test results from 140 unrelated Chinese individuals. The phenotypes BfS and GLO‐2 were found at significantly higher frequencies than in Caucasians. BfS was associated with B12 in Japanese but not in Chinese. A single individual with the rare Bf variant SI was found. No C2 deficient individuals were observed. The C2C (common) allele occurred at a gene frequency of 0.949 and the more basic allele C2B at 0.039. The acidic variant, C2A, was observed at a frequency of 0.011 and appeared to be associated with BfF. Eighty‐nine per cent of the Chinese were phenotypically C4FS. In contrast to Bf and C2, each of which is coded for by codominant alleles at a single genetic locus, C4 is coded for by two genes, C4F (Rodgers) and C4S (Chido). The C4F locus allele, C4F1 (extra fast), was strongly associated with HLA‐B17, as has been found in other populations, but a new association of the C4S locus deficiency allele, C4s° (Ch‐), with B17 was also observed. All HLA‐B17;C4s° haplotypes were BfS positive. As has been previously found in Caucasian populations, individuals of the C4F phenotype (i.e. genotypically Fs°Fs°) were all found to be Chido negative. The frequencies of the various HLA‐linked genetic markers, however, as much as the frequencies and associations of the HLA antigens themselves, distinguish these populations from other ethnic groups.
The influence of HLA‐DR match on the outcome of cadaver renal transplantation in Stockholm during 1977–1980
Authors: Berg Bengt , Möller Erna
Published: December 2008

The influence of HLA‐DR match grade on graft and on patient survival was analyzed in 124 recipients of cadaver kidneys who were treated in Stockholm between January 1977 and September 1980. The material consisted of 72 males and 52 females, with a mean age of 49 years. There were 34 re‐transplantations. Eighteen of the recipients had diabetes. Sera against the HLA‐DR antigens 1–4, 7 and DRw8 were available throughout. During recent years, DR5 sera were also used. The case material was analyzed as to the number of DR antigens shared or to the number of DR incompatibilities between the donor and the recipient. A significant improvement in graft survival rate was found for transplants sharing one HLA—DR antigen as compared with those sharing none. As far as incompatibilities are concerned, a significant difference was found between transplants with no incompatibilities and those with two. The HLA—A, B incompatibilities were evenly distributed throughout the various groups and thus should not have introduced a bias in the interpretation of the influence of HLA‐DR match. We conclude that HLA‐DR matching has a very beneficial effect on the graft survival rate and we shall in future try to obtain the best possible match when selecting recipients for cadaver kidney transplantation.
Congenital hypothyroidism and HLA
Authors: Oxtoby E. , Roberts D. F. , Wentzel J. , Frost G. , Parkin J. M.
Published: December 2008

HLA‐A, B and C antigens tested in 97 patients treated for congenital hypothyroidism, and in members of their families, are compared with normal frequencies from 635 controls. After adjustment for the number of tests, there remains in the patients only a negative association with A11, with a relative risk of 190, and no significant association in the relatives. Patients show no excess homozygosity and no deviations in haplotype frequency. Congenital hypothyroidism thus appears to show a different relationship with HLA from other thyroid disorders.
HLA and alcoholic cirrhosis
Authors: Tait B. D. , Mackay I. R.
Published: December 2008

In fifty‐seven patients with alcoholic cirrhosis the frequency of HLA—DR2 was found to be 47.4%, in contrast to 26.1% in 1 19 normal subjects and 14.0% in 43 cases of autoimmune‐type chronic active hepatitis (CAH). The frequencies of HLA—DR3 in the three respective groups also differed, being 24.6%, 31.9% and 74.4%. The greatly differing HLA—DR profiles in alcoholic cirrhosis and CAH point to immunogenetic differences in predisposition to these two liver diseases.
Detection of HLA antigens on blood platelets and lymphocytes by means of monoclonal antibodies in an ELISA technique
Authors: Lansdorp P. M. , Oosterhof F. , Astaldi G. C. B. , Zeljlemaker W. P.
Published: December 2008

The expression of HLA—A and—B antigens on peripheral blood lymphocytes and blood platelets was measured using monoclonal antibodies in a semi‐quantitative ELISA technique. Reactively of monoclonal anti‐HLA—A2 and anti‐HLA—B7, with lymphocytes as well as platelets, was in agreement with the presence of these antigens as detected by conventional HLA typing of lymphocytes. When the actual amount of HLA antigens was measured, a gene‐dose effect was seen: cells from HLA—B7‐homozygous individuals bound more monoclonal anti‐HLA—B7 antibodies compared to their HLA—B7‐heterozygous siblings. At the same time, cells of different donors showed only very small differences in binding of monoclonal antibody against an HLA‐“backbone” determinant. Relative to total HLA‐A,—B and—C expression, the amounts of HLA—A2 on lymphocytes and platelets were similar. On the other hand, the expression of HLA—B7 on platelets was diminished compared to that on peripheral blood lymphocytes.
Association of hypergammaglobulinemia G with HLA—DR3 in Graves' disease
Authors: BRIONES‐URBINA ROSARIO , BEAR JOHN C. , FARID NADIR R.
Published: December 2008

Serum levels of immunoglobulins (Ig) IgA, IgG and IgM were measured in 96 HLA—typed patients with Graves'disease and an equal number of sex and age matched controls.

Patients showed significantly increased serum immunoglobulin levels compared to controls. HLA DR3‐positive patients had larger elevations of IgG concentration than their HLA—DR3‐negative counterparts. Variation in serum immunoglobulin levels was not associated with sex, treatment or ophthalmopathy. It is suggested that the hypergammaglobulinemia of Graves'disease is related to defective suppressor cells triggered by Ig or Ig‐linked genes. HLA‐related gene(s) must, in addition, be involved to account for hypergammaglobulinemia G in the HLA—DR3‐positive subset of patients.
Serological and biochemical characterization of class II antigens in B10.W lines
Authors: Singh Sujay K. , Wakeland Edward K. , Klein Jan
Published: December 2008

Class II molecules of 17 B10.W lines (i.e., congenic lines carrying H‐2 haplotypes of wild mice on C57BL/10Sn or B10 strain background) were analyzed by immunochemical methods of precipitation and co‐precipitation. The analysis included typing for previously defined antigenic determinants, as well as determinants defined by new reagents, and mapping of the genes controlling these determinants. Using this approach, an Ia chart of the typed B10.W lines could be constructed. Genes controlling determinants Ia.38, 102, 103, 104, 105, and 106 were mapped into A (Aβ or Aα) locus; genes controlling determinants Ia.41, 107, 108, and 109 were mapped in the E (Eβ or Eα) locus. The study suggests that the polymorphism of at least some of the class II loci could be as high as that of the class I loci.
Typing for RhLA‐D in rhesus monkeys: II. Genetics of the D antigens and their association with DR antigens in a population of unrelated animals1
Authors: Jonker M. , Meurs G. Van , Balner H.
Published: December 2008

A population of 94 unrelated rhesus monkeys was typed for MLC antigens using 38 homozygous typing cells which define ten RhLA—D specificities. A genetic analysis showed that the ten D specificities are alleles of a single locus, the gene frequencies of which are in Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium. The association between the cellularly defined D and the serologically defined DR antigens in the population was usually high, confirming the close relationship between D and DR antigens. Two new associations were found, i.e. between the D‐locus antigens 9 and 10 and the serologically defined B‐cell antigens 109 and 101, respectively. This observation confirms prior speculations that the latter two antigens may belong to the DR series.
HLA—DR antigens and the rubella‐specific immune response in man
Authors: Kato Shunichi , Muranaka Sehchiro , Takakura Iwao , Kimura Mikio , Tsuji Kimiyoshi
Published: December 2008

Several genetic markers, HLA—A, B and DR antigens, Gm and Km types, and ABO blood types, were studied on 78 rubella seronegative schoolgirls immunized with “TO336” rubella vaccine. A marked association was found between an HLA haplotype, HLA—Aw24—Bw52—DRHO, and the low antibody responsiveness to rubella virus. The association with the DR antigen was thought to be primary to those with the HLA A or B antigens, suggesting that the gene(s) controlling the low responsiveness to rubella might be located near the HLA—DR locus in the human 6th chromosome. There was no statistically significant association between Gm, Km or ABO blood types and the rubella specific immune responsiveness as far as the primary in vivo antibody response was concerned.
HLA antigens on glioma cells from short term cultures
Authors: Hirschberg Henry , Endresen Liv , Wikeby Per
Published: December 2008

Biopsied tumor cells from astrocytoma‐bearing patients were grown in primary culture for 3–5 days. Both low and high grade tumors were represented in the study. The cultured cells could be shown to express the HLA—A and —B antigens using a multispecific allo‐antiserum and a rabbit anti‐β‐2 microglobulin antibody. The tumor cells were negative for the HLA—DR determinants when tested with either a rabbit anti‐Ia‐like antisera or specific anti‐HLA—DR allo‐antisera. They also failed to stimulate allogeneic lymphocytes in primary mixed lymphocyte‐tumor cell cultures but moderately stimulated autologous lymphocytes from the tumor‐bearing patient in most of the combinations tested.
The detection of two serologically distinct HLA‐A28 specificities1
Authors: Holmes D. J. , Miller W. V. , Rodey G. E.
Published: December 2008

We describe a serum, 9045, that detects a subset of A28 bearing cells in a mixed population of American blacks, Caucasians of Jewish ancestry and non‐Jewish Caucasians. The serum reacts preferentially with A28 positive cells from American Blacks and Jewish Caucasians and does not react with non‐Jewish Caucasians. This new specificity, referred to as A28.2, is strongly associated with HLA‐B14. In contrast, A28 positive but 9045 negative cells (referred to as A28.1) do not show this association. The A28.2 determinants appears to be antigenically similar to the A28.1 determinant, but distinct from the public antigenic determinants shared by A28, A2, A9 and by A28, Aw33, Aw34 and A26. Based upon this analysis, we conclude that HLA—A28, as defined by most A28 antisera, comprises at least two populations of molecules. The A28.2 form may have arisen in the Mediterranean basin region, whereas the A28.1 form seems to be more prevalent in non‐Jewish Caucasians of Northern European ancestry.
HLA‐B7 on human red blood cells. Improved detection by a radioactive anti‐IgG test*
Authors: Salama A. , Mueller‐Eckhardt G. , Strauss B.‐E. , Mueller‐Eckhardt C.
Published: December 2008

By means of a sensitive radioimmune anti‐IgG test (RIAT) HLA‐B7 was demonstrated on RBC of all B7 positive individuals (N = 52). Most antigens of the B7 cross‐reacting group (B8, 13, w22, 27, 40; N = 36) were also detected. Eluates from B7 positive RBC exhibited clear B7 specificity against RBC as well as lymphocytes.
HLA‐D typing in multiple sclerosis: Israelis tested with European homozygous typing cells
Authors: Brautbar C. , Amar A. , Cohen N. , Oksenberg J. , Cohen I. , Kahana E. , Bloch D. , Alter M. , Grosse‐Wilde H.
Published: December 2008

The association of A3, B7, Dw2 and DR2 histocompatibility (HLA) markers with multiple sclerosis (MS) is well established among Northern Europeans and Caucasoids in the United States. We showed previously that A3 and B7 were not increased among Israelis with MS, and in a preliminary study Dw2 as well. An association of A3 and B7 is also lacking in Italian, Jordanian and Japanese MS patients. In Black American MS patients, the B7 frequency is slightly increased but Dw2 is still significantly associated with MS.

For the HLA‐DR antigen series DR2 is shown to have a stronger association to MS than A3 and B7. Conceivably, this antigen could be associated with MS even in populations where an association with A3 or B7 is lacking. Therefore, a study of HLA‐A, B, C, DR and D antigens was carried out in Israel. No significant excess or deficiency of HLA antigens was found in MS.

Possible explanations for these results are as follows: (1) the relevant HLA‐D alleles in the Jewish population arc not detected by the homozygous typing cells (HTCs) used, since they were derived primarily from European sources; (2) in contrast to the Caucasoid populations the genetic factor predisposing for MS is not associated with HLA alleles in the Israeli population; (3) MS is an heterogeneous disease and in Israelis, an environmental factor is sufficient to cause the disease.
Human B‐blast specific target determinants in CML: a family study
Authors: Johnsen H. E. , Mossin J. , Madsen M. , Krtstensen T. , Kissmeyer‐Nielsen F.
Published: December 2008

Human B blast specific target determinants, sclctivcly identified on PWM stimulated purified B lymphoblasts by in vitro generated CTLs, have previously been studied in the population and showed association to and inclusion of HLA‐DR geneproducts. This report indicates that B blast specific target determinants are products of genes which in a codominant mcndclain way segregate with the HLA haplotypes in 4 selected families. Furthermore tests of families with HLA‐B/D, DR and HLA‐D, DR/GLO recombinations show that human B blast specific target determinants are coded from loci (locus) in the HLA‐D region, between HLA‐B and GLO.
Discrete PLT clones detecting HLA‐D and new HLA‐non‐D encoded cell surface determinants
Authors: Pawelec G. , Kahle P. , Müller C. , Rehbein A. , Wernet P.
Published: December 2008

Clones of alloreactive T‐lymphocytes were isolated from 6‐day‐old mixed leukocyte cultures (MLCs) by limiting dilution in the presence of filler cells (either pooled irradiated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCX) or autologous PBMCX) followed by expansion of clonal progeny with Intcrlcukin 2 (IL 2). Using allogeneic IL 2, produced by stimulating pooled PBMC with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), in conjunction with pooled filler cells for the limiting dilution cloning, over half the clones obtained had primed lymphocyte typing (PLT) function. The majority of these discriminated priming cell HLA‐D type with fine specificity. However, clones which were restimulated by cells of specificities other than the priming HLA—D type were also found, and, moreover, some (“wild” clones) were not restimulated by the original priming cells. Antigens responsible for restimulating these clones included hitherto undetected HLA‐encoded products (different from HLA‐A, B, C, D, DR, MT, MB or SB). Such “wild” clones were also obtained after cloning procedures in which autologous filler cells were used. Autologous IL 2, depleted of mitogenic PHA, and used in conjunction with autologous filler cells, also failed to prevent generation of such clones. These results indicate that although the PLT‐functional lymphocyte population alloactivated by a single HLA—DR/Dw specificity expressed by HLA—D homozygous stimulating cells consists of a majority of clones exclusively recognising specific priming‐type HLA‐DR/Dw products, it also contains clones recognising different HLA‐DR/Dw specificities, as well as clones recognising lymphocyte stimulating determinants hitherto undetected by serological or cellular methods.
Sperm priming reveals specific autoreactive lymphocyte clones
Authors: Halim K. , Mittal K. K. , Levis W. R.
Published: December 2008

Human spermatozoa from 18 donors were used to prime lymphocytes from 15 donors in a total of 60 different combinations. The sperm primed lymphocytes were tested in second culture against a total of 60 autologous and 180 allogeneic x‐ray irradiated cells. We found that lymphocytes primed for 10–12 days in first culture with allogeneic spermatozoa showed highly significant responses in second culture to leukocytes autologous to the responder. The degree of autologous reactivity between specific subjects ranged from weak to significantly higher than the usual preferential primed lymphocyte typing reaction seen in a secondary mixed leukocyte culture reaction. These findings indicate that healthy human volunteers possess a set of self‐reactive lymphocytes that can be detected by priming with allogeneic sperm in specific combinations.
Rapid responses of lymphocytes in an optimized mixed lymphocyte culture
Authors: Wank Rudolf
Published: December 2008

When adherent mononuclear cells are removed from whole blood, the separated lymphocytes respond rapidly by proliferation to foreign cocultured lymphocytes. The reaction of responding cells against a pool of foreign stimulating cells can be detected in this rapid mixed lymphocyte culture (r‐MLC) within 28 h and antigenic disparity between family members, differing for only one HLA haplotype, can be measured within 36 h. These early responses show genetic specificity corresponding to those observed in a standard MLC at 96 h.

The involvement of similar cell populations in the regulation of early responses to allogeneic cells and increased responses to autologous cells in r‐MLC, as well as accelerated responses in secondary MLC, is discussed.
The outcome of cell mediated lympholysis is influenced by the antibiotics in the culture medium
Authors: Horai Satoshi , Claas Frans H. J. , Poel Jan J. v. d. , J. van Rood Jon
Published: December 2008

Recently we could demonstrate that antibiotics can interact with polymorphic membrane determinants. As a result, these determinants can no longer react with their corresponding antisera (Claas et al. 1981, 1982).

In the present experiments it was found that allogeneic cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), which were cultured in the presence of antibiotics, induced significantly stronger lysis against the specific target than CTLs which were cultured in the absence of antibiotics. In some cases the CML assay was only positive according to the European Workshop criteria when penicillin was added to the cultures, whereas the assay was negative in the absence of penicillin.

On the other hand when CTLs were induced in an MLC culture without penicillin, lysis was higher against the target cell in the absence of penicillin than in the presence of penicillin. By adding penicillin to the effector phase, inhibition of lysis was observed. No difference in 3H‐thymidine‐incorporation was observed between MLC cultures with and without antibiotics. We conclude that antibiotics in the culture medium can influence the outcome of CML experiments.