bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Behavioral consequences of customer inspiration: the role of social media inspirational content and cultural orientation
Authors: Izogo Ernest Emeka , Mpinganjira Mercy
Published: November 2020

Purpose

Although previous research emphasized the importance of inspiration in influencing consumer behavior, there is no categorical response to how social-media inspirational content inspires consumers across cultures. This paper aims to take on this agenda through a vignette experimental study.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper devised a vignette study involving subjects (n = 370) recruited from Nigeria and South Africa. The structural equation modeling procedure, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis aided the examination of the scale psychometrics and hypotheses testing.

Findings

Among other findings, this study shows that: inspirational content (utilitarian vs hedonic) exerts a positive differential effect on customer inspiration (CI) such that the effect of hedonic content is more pronounced than utilitarian content; collectivistic consumers are inspired more than individualists; CI triggers customer engagement behaviors (CEBs) and purchase intention, and an inspired-to component of CI mediates the effect of inspired-by on CEBs and purchase intention.

Research limitations/implications

While this study makes significant contributions to knowledge on CI, the focus on firm-generated content limits the scope of this study. Future research should examine the effect of consumer-generated content on CI. Additionally, the likely contextual influence of product type on CI and its triggers in the context of the foote, cone and belding grid creates the room to further interrogate the research model under conditions of high/low involvement products.

Originality/value

By showing how social-media inspirational content and cultural orientation separately influence and interact to influence CI which consequently triggers CEBs and purchase intention, the findings highlight the psychological mechanisms through which CEBs and purchase intention can be simultaneously triggered.
Sustainability learnings from the COVID-19 crisis. Opportunities for resilient industry and business development
Authors: Schaltegger Stefan
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify sustainability learnings from origins of epidemics such as COVID-19 and deduct conclusions for businesses to create sustainable futures in three industries, which are strongly affected by Covid-19. Two main questions guide the discussion: How can we break the paths of viral epidemics through accounting for sustainability issues in the supply chain? How can we learn from sustainable supply chain failures to transform industries for sustainable futures?

Design/methodology/approach

This viewpoint provides a conceptual discussion of opportunities and the necessity to develop resilient businesses for three indsutries, which have been particularly affected by the Covid-19 crises.

Findings

To defeat future pandemics, three paths how epidemics develop need to be broken in order to create sustainable development structural transitions beyond degrowth are needed.

Practical implications

The practical implications for this paper are the learnings for management to develop more resilient businesses.

Social implications

By breaking the three paths of pandemic development and by contributing to sustainable futures of sectors, the likelihood of future pandemics can be reduced.

Originality/value

By considering origins and the past of pandemics and with sustainability transformations of businesses, contributions can be made for more sustainable futures of industries.
Individuals lacking ridge detail: A case study in adermatoglyphia
Authors: Cook Heather Isla , Harrison Karl , James Helen
Published: November 2020

Adermatoglyphia is a very rare autosomal‐dominant condition that is genetically inherited and causes an individual to be born without conventional ridge detail on either their palmar or plantar surfaces (the fingers and palms of the hands and the toes and the soles of the feet). While adermatoglyphia has been the focus of medical and genetic research, no previous research has been conducted with regard to the forensic recovery and identification of marks from an adermatoglyphic individual. By observation of ridge detail donated by an adermatoglyphic subject, the study uses different methods in order to capture fingermarks (methods include: inked capture, livescan (biometric) capture, cyanoacrylate fuming, ninhydrin enhancement, and physical developer). Unusually, the purpose of this paper ends up presenting a number of examples of an absence of evidence; unsuccessful attempts made to capture and enhance fingerprint ridge detail. This is determined over a range of standard means including "live" donations by the adermatoglyphic subject onto the Livescan system, and enhancements of latent donations. The subject shows to leave either insubstantial fingermarks with no detail, or no mark whatsoever.
Discrimination of vermilion (sindoor) using attenuated total reflectance fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in combination with PCA and PCA‐LDA
Authors: Chophi Rito , Sharma Sweety , Singh Rajinder
Published: November 2020

Vermilion (sindoor) is considered sacred in the Hindu religion, and it is used routinely throughout the world by married Hindu women along the line of hair parting during marriage ceremonies, religious rituals, and festivals. Owing to its esthetic appeal, it is sometimes illegally used as a food additive; leading to potential health risks. Therefore, due to the aforementioned reasons, vermilion can likely be encountered as trace evidentiary material during crime investigations, particularly in cases of sexual and physical offenses against women. Analysis of such evidence can provide a link between the criminal, the victim, and the crime scene and thereby be utilized as associative evidence in the court of law. In the present study, ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy has been used for the examination of 37 different manufacturers of vermilion. Chemometric methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and PCA‐LDA were performed on the obtained spectra for objective interpretation of results. PCA delivered 99.06% discrimination of samples while PCA‐LDA employed for classification purpose delivered 95.25% calibration accuracy and 88% validation accuracy. Afterward, the validity of the chemometric methods employed was tested by blind testing of samples. A preliminary study on the effect of selected substrates (cotton cloth, tissue paper, glass, and plastic) on sample analysis indicates that while sample stain on substrates could be linked to its parent source even after a month, linking an aged samples (after 8 months) could be hindered due to evaporation of components present in vermilion. Overall, the current methodology utilized has a potential prospect in future forensic‐casework.
Forensic investigation approaches of searching relatives in DNA databases
Authors: Ge Jianye , Budowle Bruce
Published: November 2020

There are several indirect database searching approaches to identify the potential source of a forensic biological sample. These DNA‐based approaches are familial searching, Y‐STR database searching, and investigative genetic genealogy (IGG). The first two strategies use forensic DNA databases managed by the government, and the latter uses databases managed by private citizens or companies. Each of these search strategies relies on DNA testing to identify relatives of the donor of the crime scene sample, provided such profiles reside in the DNA database(s). All three approaches have been successfully used to identify the donor of biological evidence, which assisted in solving criminal cases or identifying unknown human remains. This paper describes and compares these approaches in terms of genotyping technologies, searching methods, database structures, searching efficiency, data quality, data security, and costs, and raises some potential privacy and legal considerations for further discussion by stakeholders and scientists. Y‐STR database searching and IGG are advantageous since they are able to assist in more cases than familial searching readily identifying distant relatives. In contrast, familial searching can be performed more readily with existing laboratory systems. Every country or state may have its own unique economic, technical, cultural, and legal considerations and should decide the best approach(es) to fit those circumstances. Regardless of the approach, the ultimate goal should be the same: generate investigative leads and solve active and cold criminal cases to public safety, under stringent policies and security practices designed to protect the privacy of its citizenry.
Evaluation of awareness regarding skin moisturisation and moisturiser usage frequency in individuals over 65 years of age
Authors: Altunisik Nihal , Kayhan Tetik Burcu , Mete Burak
Published: November 2020

Objective

Skin dryness is a common dermatological problem among older people.We aimed to evaluate the frequency of moisturiser use and awareness of its benefits among older people.

Methods

This cross‐sectional descriptive study included 556 individuals over 65 years of age, all of whom were patients at family medicine and dermatology outpatient clinics at a tertiary teaching hospital. Data were summarised descriptively and analysed using binary logistic regression analysis.

Results

Of the 556 individuals who participated in the study, 241 were women and 315 were men. Moisturisers were being used by 217 patients (39%), and 91 patients (16.4%) classified the use of skin moisturisers as skincare.

Conclusion

We found that individuals over 65 years of age had insufficient knowledge regarding the use and benefits of skin moisturisers.
Some gain for a small investment: An economic evaluation of an exercise program for people living in residential aged care
Authors: Rahja Miia , Nguyen Kim‐Huong , Post Dannielle , Parfitt Gaynor , Corlis Megan , Comans Tracy
Published: November 2020

Objective

To evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of a 12‐week Exercise Physiology (EP) program for people living in a residential aged care facility.

Methods

A within‐study pre‐ and postintervention design to calculate incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios per quality‐adjusted life years gained. A health service provider perspective was used.

Results

Fifty‐nine participants enrolled in a 12‐week program. The program cost was A$514.30 per resident. At a willingness‐to‐pay threshold of A$64 000, the likelihood of being cost‐effective of the program is approximately 60%, due to a small increase in participants’ quality of life, as reported by care staff. The model showed great variance, depending on who rated the participants’ quality of life outcomes.

Conclusion

It is uncertain that a 12‐week EP program is cost‐effective based on the evidence of the current trial. However, it appears that a low‐cost program can produce small improvements for residents in care facilities.
Do Relatively More Efficient Firms Demand Additional Audit Effort (Hours)?
Authors: Mali Dafydd , Lim Hyoung‐joo
Published: November 2020

We examine whether firms with higher relative efficiency (operational performance) require additional audit effort (hours) to signal audit quality to demonstrate that their financial reporting systems are robust. Therefore, we use a Korean sample of publicly listed firms because of the Korean audit hour policy which mandates that audit hour information be made available for market participants. We find that client firms with higher relative efficiency have higher audit hours, suggesting that management has an incentive to demand additional audit hours for signalling purposes, and that shareholders, amongst other stakeholders, have an incentive to demand external monitoring to reduce potential agency problems. The results show that relative efficiency is a unique measure of firm performance that can provide insights into a client firm's business and audit risk. We also find evidence suggesting that audit firms do not subject clients to a fee (fee per hour) premium based on relative efficiency, supporting our finding that client firms require audit effort for signalling purposes. Thus, our results have important implications for policymakers about audit effort demand.
Cambrian syn‐rift tectonic pulses at unconformity‐bounded carbonates in the Avalon Zone of Newfoundland, Canada
Authors: Álvaro J. Javier
Published: November 2020

In the Avalon Zone of SE Newfoundland, several Terreneuvian to Cambrian Series 2 carbonate bodies occur associated with paraconformities and onlapping geometries. Their stratigraphic discontinuities and related gaps represent syn‐rift episodes characterized by sharply tilted and downfaulted blocks and deposition of chaotic megabreccia beds and conglomerates on neighbouring footwall areas. Microbial and shelly carbonate production nucleated on tectonically unstable palaeohorsts, where stromatolitic crusts and mats commonly reflect the onset of hiatal stratigraphic diastems, and mud‐mounds the episodic establishment of calm conditions. Short‐term uplift episodes of rift shoulders led to unroofing of the Neoproterozoic basement (yielding granitoid clasts and input of reworked exotic clasts and allochthonous fossils from underlying Cambrian strata), localized subaerial exposure and karst features, and the development of synsedimentary fracture networks that provided favourable conduits and pathways for hydrothermal fluids. These carbonate beds host vein networks of carbonate‐hosted polymetallic sulphide‐sulphate‐oxide mineral associations (Pb–Cu–Fe–barite stockworks). The mixture of parautochthonous and allochthonous bioclastic assemblages points to the record of event‐concentration strata, which may clarify the long stratigraphic ranges of some involved microfossils. The Cambrian Avalonia rift and the offshore to basinal rift sector of the neighbouring Atlas‒Ossa‐Morena rift, preserved in the Moroccan northern High Atlas and Coastal Meseta, share common temperate‐water carbonate facies and build‐ups, lacking ‘subtropical’ indicators such as archaeocyathan‐microbial reefs, ooidal shoals or evaporitic pseudomorphs. These diagnostic facies and minerals occur only in relatively stable, shallow‐water rift branches, such as those preserved in the Anti‐Atlas and the Ossa‐Morena Zone (Iberian Massif).
Testing the Cross‐Cultural Generality of Hering's Theory of Color Appearance
Authors: Lindsey Delwin T. , Brown Angela M. , Lange Ryan
Published: November 2020

This study examines the cross‐cultural generality of Hering's (1878/1964) color‐opponent theory of color appearance. English‐speaking and Somali‐speaking observers performed variants of two paradigms classically used to study color‐opponency. First, both groups identified similar red, green, blue, and yellow unique hues. Second, 25 English‐speaking and 34 Somali‐speaking observers decomposed the colors present in 135 Munsell color samples into their component Hering elemental sensations—red,green,blue, yellow, white, and black—or else responded “no term.” Both groups responded no term for many samples, notably purples. Somali terms for yellow were often used to name colors all around the color circle, including colors that are bluish according to Hering's theory. Four Somali Grue speakers named both green and blue elicitation samples by their term for green. However, that term did not name the union of all samples called blue or green by English speakers. A similar pattern was found among three Somali Achromatic speakers, who called the blue elicitation sample black or white. Thus, color decomposition by these Somali‐speaking observers suggests a lexically influenced re‐dimensionalization of color appearance space, rather than a simple reduction of the one proposed by Hering. Even some Somali Green‐Blue speakers, whose data were otherwise similar to English, showed similar trends in yellow and blue usage. World Color Survey data mirror these results. These within‐ and cross‐cultural violations of Hering's theory do not challenge the long‐standing view that universal sensory processes mediate color appearance. However, they do demonstrate an important contribution of language in the human understanding of color.
Genetic analyses reveal complex introduction histories for the invasive tree Acacia dealbata Link around the world
Authors: Hirsch Heidi , Richardson David M. , Pauchard Aníbal , Le Roux Johannes J.
Published: November 2020

Aim

To compare genetic diversity and structure between Acacia dealbata populations sampled across the species’ native range in Australia and from its non‐native ranges in Chile, Madagascar, New Zealand, Portugal, La Réunion island, South Africa and the United States, and to investigate the most likely introduction scenarios to non‐native ranges.

Location

Global.

Taxon

Acacia dealbata, Fabaceae.

Methods

Our dataset comprised 1615 samples representing 92 populations sampled in the species’ native and non‐native ranges. We employed a combination of genetic fingerprinting (microsatellite markers) and genetic modelling approaches. We calculated genetic diversity for each population and tested for genetic isolation by distance within each range. A combination of Bayesian assignment tests and multivariate ordination was applied to identify genetic structure among populations. Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) analyses were conducted to test different competing introduction scenarios for each non‐native range.

Results

The majority of the species’ non‐native ranges was characterized by high genetic diversity and low levels of genetic structure. With regard to introduction histories, however, our results supported different introduction scenarios for different non‐native ranges. We did not find strong support for any of tested introduction scenarios for populations in Chile and Madagascar, but these likely originated from multiple introductions followed by admixture. Populations in New Zealand and La Réunion most likely originated directly from Tasmania, possibly through multiple introductions. Similar to previous findings for South African populations, no clear introduction history could be identified for populations in Portugal and the United States.

Main conclusions

Our study shows that global introductions of A. dealbata were complex and one scenario does not fit the invasion history of the species in different regions. We discuss how this complexity needs to be considered when formulating strategies for the effective management of the species. Future research needs to help bridge persisting knowledge gaps are discussed.
Prevalence and risk factors for Pulmonary Hypertension associated with chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
Authors: Ferrari Alberto , Scandura Joseph , Masciulli Arianna , Krichevsky Spencer , Gavazzi Antonello , Barbui Tiziano
Published: November 2020

Objectives

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is commonly reported in Philadelphia‐chromosome negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) including polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and myelofibrosis (MF). PH may be diagnosed directly by right heart catheterization (RHC) or estimated by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Survival is shortened by PH but despite the potential significance of PH to management and prognosis of MPN, estimates of its prevalence in MPNs vary and risk factors for the condition are poorly established. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of available studies to fill this void.

Methods

We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Clinicaltrials.gov for the terms “pulmonary hypertension,” “myeloproliferative disorders,” “polycythemia vera,” “essential thrombocythemia,” and “myelofibrosis.” We restricted analysis to the 1999‐2019 window to improve uniformity of MPN diagnostic criteria. We retrieved 221 records and, after abstract and full‐text screening, identified 17 papers meeting criteria for inclusion in our meta‐analysis. A modified Newcastle‐Ottawa scale was used to assess quality.

Results

Results for 935 patients were available, 309 of these having PH (33%). Using logistic mixed‐effect regression, we found that diagnosis mode (RHC vs TTE) and MPN duration influenced PH prevalence. Studies employing predominantly TTE yielded prevalence estimates ~5‐fold higher than those using RHC (35% vs 7.2%). We identified MF and duration of MPN as significant risk factors for development of PH.

Conclusions

Prevalence of PH in MPNs is poorly understood with estimates ranging from 3.8% to 58%. Patients with MF and longer duration of disease seem at particularly high risk and should be carefully monitored for PH.
Study design synopsis: Battle in the stable: Bayesianism versus Frequentism
Authors: Detilleux Johann
Published: November 2020

Frequentism dominates scientific practice although Bayesianism may provide an alternative, especially when analysing data from complex, high‐dimensional models. The key differences between Bayesianism and Frequentism are highlighted in the introduction. Next, I review the different stages of Bayesian statistical reasoning in a research setting, explain the key concepts and illustrate them with toy examples taken in equine veterinary medicine. An extension to more complex models (Bayes network) is introduced and guidelines are offered as a conclusion.
The Japan Geriatrics Society consensus statement “recommendations for older persons to receive the best medical and long‐term care during the COVID‐19 outbreak—considering the timing of advance care planning implementation”
Authors:   The Japan Geriatrics Society Subcommittee on End‐of‐Life Issues and New Coronavirus Countermeasure Team, Kuzuya Masafumi , Aita Kaoruko , Katayama Yoko , Katsuya Tomohiro , Nishikawa Mitsunori , Hirahara Satoshi , Miura Hisayuki , Yanagawa Madoka , Arai Hidenori , Iijima Katsuya , Okochi Jiro , Kozaki Koichi , Yamaguchi Yasuhiro , Rakugi Hiromi , Akishita Masahiro
Published: November 2020

Since the end of 2019, a life‐threatening infectious disease (coronavirus disease 2019: COVID‐19) has spread globally, and numerous victims have been reported. In particular, older persons tend to suffer more severely when infected with a novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) and have higher case mortality rates; additionally, outbreaks frequently occur in hospitals and long‐term care facilities where most of the residents are older persons. Unfortunately, it has been stated that the COVID‐19 pandemic has caused a medical collapse in some countries, resulting in the depletion of medical resources, such as ventilators, and triage based on chronological age. Furthermore, as some COVID‐19 cases show a rapid deterioration of clinical symptoms and accordingly, the medical and long‐term care staff cannot always confirm the patient's values and wishes in time, we are very concerned as to whether older patients are receiving the medical and long‐term care services that they wish for. It was once again recognized that it is vital to implement advance care planning as early as possible before suffering from COVID‐19. To this end, in August 2020, the Japan Geriatrics Society announced ethical recommendations for medical and long‐term care for older persons and emphasized the importance of conducting advance care planning at earlier stages. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 1112–1119.
Regulators without borders? Latin American labour inspectors in transnational context
Authors: Schrank Andrew
Published: November 2020

The domestic bases of trans‐governmental regulatory networks are controversial. While rational choice accounts expect insecure regulators to join larger networks that promise to bolster and justify their authority back home, public interest accounts expect independent regulators to join smaller networks populated by like‐minded and informative peers. Are regulatory networks more likely to attract self‐aggrandizing servants of insecure agencies or public‐spirited representatives of their independent counterparts? What are the implications for network size and orientation? I address these questions by examining the regulators who administer labour and employment law in Latin America and find that, in keeping with the public interest account, they are more likely to go abroad when they are independent bureaucrats than when they are vulnerable to political pressure, and less likely to join larger networks of powerful allies than to teach and learn from their Iberian and Latin American peers. The results suggest that trans‐governmental networks rest on Weberian foundations – themselves mediated by linguistic, cultural, and historical factors – that contribute to the reproduction of a multipolar regulatory world.
What are men's roles and responsibilities in the feminist project for gender egalitarianism?
Authors: Prasad Ajnesh , Centeno Alejandro , Rhodes Carl , Nisar Muhammad Azfar , Taylor Scott , Tienari Janne , Alakavuklar Ozan Nadir
Published: November 2020

The #MeToo and the Time's Up movements have captured the urgency to address systemic manifestations of sexism, patriarchy, and misogyny in all aspects of society. Among the myriad discourses that have been catalyzed by these contemporaneous movements includes one related to the role of men in achieving gender egalitarianism. Men are allocated unearned privilege associated with being a man in a culture that is inherently phallogocentric. This fact alone charges men with the responsibility to account for the discursive and the institutional systems that afford them unearned privilege at certain relational costs that must be borne by women and, concomitantly, the feminine. The #MeToo and the Time's Up movements—which have initiated greater cultural recognition of the problems associated with establishing a society that is predicated on androcentric values—mark a pressing need, one that is much overdue, for men to interrogate the inequitable ways in which gender configures contemporary social relations. As a contribution to this effort, this article draws on reflexive accounts from men academics broadly invested in the study of gender and organizations and who are at different stages of their careers and from dispersed geographical areas, to respond to the question: What are men's roles and responsibilities in the feminist project for gender egalitarianism? In answering this question, these academics, individually and collectively, identify paths for allyship moving forward.
Oncocytic intraductal carcinoma of salivary glands: a distinct variant with TRIM33–RET fusions and BRAF V600E mutations
Authors: Bishop Justin A , Nakaguro Masato , Whaley Rumeal D , Ogura Kanako , Imai Hiroshi , Laklouk Israa , Faquin William C , Sadow Peter M , Gagan Jeffrey , Nagao Toshitaka
Published: November 2020

Aims

Salivary gland intraductal carcinoma (IDC) is a complex ductal neoplasm surrounded by a layer of myoepithelial cells. Recent insights have shown that there are three different types: intercalated duct‐like, with frequent NCOA4–RET fusions; apocrine, with salivary duct carcinoma‐like mutations; and mixed intercalated duct‐like/apocrine, with RET fusions, including TRIM27–RET. In addition, an oncocytic IDC has been described, but it remains unclear whether it represents a fourth variant or simply oncocytic metaplasia of another IDC type. Our aim was to more completely characterize oncocytic IDC.

Methods and results

Six IDCs with oncocytic changes were retrieved from the authors’ archives, from three men and three women ranging in age from 45 to 75 years (mean, 63 years). Five arose in the parotid gland, with one in an accessory parotid gland. Four patients with follow‐up were free of disease after 1–23 months. Several immunostains (S100, mammaglobin, androgen receptor, and p63/p40) and molecular tools (RNA sequencing, RET fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation, BRAF V600E VE1 immunohistochemistry, and Sanger sequencing) were applied. Histologically, the tumours were variably cystic with solid intracystic nodules often difficult to recognise as intraductal. In all, tumour ducts were positive for S100 and mammaglobin, negative for androgen receptor, and completely surrounded by myoepithelial cells positive for p63/p40. Molecular analysis revealed TRIM33–RET in two of six cases, NCOA4–RET in one of six cases, and BRAF V600E in two of six cases. One case had no identifiable alterations.

Conclusions

Oncocytic IDC shares similarities with intercalated duct‐like IDC. Although additional verification is needed, the oncocytic variant appears to be sufficiently unique to be now regarded as the fourth distinct subtype of IDC. Because of its indolent nature, oncocytic IDC should be distinguished from histological mimics.
Amorphous silica wastes for reusing in highly porous ceramics
Authors: Ketov Aleksandr , Korotaev Vladimir , Rudakova Larisa , Vaisman Iakov , Barbieri Luisa , Lancellotti Isabella
Published: November 2020

The paper analyzes a solution in green manufacturing of foamed or cellular ceramics. The objective of this study was to determine the technical solution for rice husk ash and “tales” of mixed glass cullet reusing based on the specific properties of these materials for creation of spherical holes inside ceramic using the process of coalescence of cellular glass. The paper reports on experimental results obtained from the production of lightweight cellular glass granules produced using glass cullet and rice husk ash. Lightweight cellular glass granules were mixed with clay, pressed and fired in air at 920°C. Clay sintering and the formation of ceramic were followed with the coalescence of cellular structure of glass granules and with the formation of spherical hollows inside the matrix. Density and strength of the fired ceramic bodies were determined. It is observed that the lightweight ceramics with density 900 ÷ 920 kg/m3 possess a compressive strength of about 5 MPa that is acceptable for bricks or tiles manufacture. The utilization of amorphous silica waste for lightweight ceramics manufacture helps in reducing waste disposal concerns and costs associated, and also transforms the waste into an alternative raw material with added value, moreover making the final product cheap.
Effect of temperature on raw whole milk density and its potential impact on milk payment in the dairy industry
Authors: Parmar Puneet , Lopez‐Villalobos Nicolas , Tobin John T. , Murphy Eoin , Buckley Frank , Crowley Shane V. , Kelly Alan L. , Shalloo Laurence
Published: November 2020

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of temperature on whole milk density measured at four different temperatures: 5, 10, 15, and 20 °C. A total of ninety‐three individual milk samples were collected from morning milking of thirty‐two Holstein Friesian dairy cows, of national average genetic merit, once every two weeks over a period of 4 weeks and were assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for milk composition analysis. Density of the milk was evaluated using two different analytical methods: a portable density meter DMA35 and a standard desktop model DMA4500M (Anton Paar GmbH, UK). Milk density was analysed with a linear mixed model with the fixed effects of sampling period, temperature and analysis method; triple interaction of sampling period x analysis method x temperature; and the random effect of cow to account for repeated measures. The effect of temperature on milk density (ρ) was also evaluated including temperature (t) as covariate with linear and quadratic effects within each analytic method. The regression equation describing the curvature and density–temperature relationship for the DMA35 instrument was ρ = 1.0338−0.00017T−0.0000122T2 (R2 = 0.64), while it was ρ = 1.0334 + 0.000057T−0.00001T2 (R2 = 0.61) for DMA4500 instrument. The mean density determined with DMA4500 at 5 °C was 1.0334 g cm−3, with corresponding figures of 1.0330, 1.0320 and 1.0305 g cm−3 at 10, 15 and 20 °C, respectively. The milk density values obtained in this study at specific temperatures will help to address any bias in weight–volume calculations and thus may also improve the financial and operational control for the dairy processors in Ireland and internationally.
Teff (Eragrostis tef) processing, utilization and future opportunities: a review
Authors: Barretto Roselle , Buenavista Rania Marie , Rivera Jared Lou , Wang Shuyu , Prasad P.V. Vara , Siliveru Kaliramesh
Published: November 2020

The demand for food production has been constantly increasing due to rising population. In developed countries, for example, the emergence of regional production of old grains that are rarely utilized, along with the production of commonly consumed grains, has gained importance in recent years. These grains, known collectively as ancient or heirloom grains, have offered both farmers and consumers novel ways of cultivation and products with interesting taste, characteristics and nutritional value. Among the 30 000 plant species known, only five cereals currently provide more than 50% of the world's energy intake – bread wheat (Triticum aestivum), rice (Oryza sativa), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), millets (Panicum sp.) and maize (Zea mays). The excessive utilization of these selected species has a great potential to cause genetic losses and difficulty in bridging future agricultural demands. Teff (Eragrostis tef), an ancient grain extensively cultivated in countries like Eritrea and Ethiopia, provides promising alternatives for new food uses since its nutritional value is significantly higher than most others cereal grains. The absence of gluten allows flexibility in food utilization since it can be directly substituted to gluten‐containing products. The grain also offers an excellent balance of essential amino acids and minerals, which can fulfil the recommended daily intake and eliminates the need for fortification and enrichment. This review provides a general overview of the physical properties and nutritional composition of teff grains related to processing and applications in the food and feed industries. The current status of teff utilization, as well as the challenges in production and commercialization, and future opportunities is presented and discussed.
Quality attributes of fufu in South‐East Nigeria: guide for cassava breeders
Authors: Chijioke Ugo , Madu Tessy , Okoye Benjamin , Ogunka Amaka Promise , Ejechi Mercy , Ofoeze Miriam , Ogbete Chukwudi , Njoku Damian , Ewuziem Justin , Kalu Confidence , Onyemauwa Nnaemeka , Ukeje Blessing , Achonwa Oluchi , Forsythe Lora , Fliedel Geneviève , Egesi Chiedozie
Published: November 2020

Fufu is a popular traditional fermented wet paste food product from cassava. We examined consumer preferences and quality attributes of fufu in Abia and Imo States of South‐East Nigeria, with special attention to gender differences, for the purpose of providing guidance to breeders. Data were analysed by the use of descriptive and inferential statistics. Participants for the interview were randomly selected from a list of farmers in the study area. Individual (II) interviews were conducted among eighty participants comprising twenty‐six men (32.5%) and fifty‐four women (67.5%). Preferences along the food chain from raw roots to final product were also obtained. Major traits influencing gender‐specific consumer preferences are related to appearance, texture and smell. Smoothness, not sticky, easy to swallow and drawability of fufu appear to be major traits that drive acceptance by both men and women. Big roots and smooth skin are prioritised for raw material. Some quality characteristics are conditioned largely by variety traits, while others can be modified by adjusting the processing methods. The complexity of producing high‐quality fufu makes it imperative to introduce a multidisciplinary approach into breeding programmes.
Assessment of liver fibrosis markers in people with rheumatoid arthritis on methotrexate
Authors: Olsson‐White Debbie A. , Olynyk John K. , Ayonrinde Oyekoya T. , Paramalingam Shereen , Keen Helen I.
Published: November 2020

Background

Up to 3% of methotrexate (MTX)‐treated rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients might develop liver fibrosis or cirrhosis, requiring effective screening algorithms.

Aims

To assess the utility of non‐invasive liver fibrosis assessment in RA patients on MTX.

Methods

Fifty‐six patients were recruited from rheumatology outpatient clinics in a public tertiary centre from July 2017 to October 2018. Clinical data was collected. Screening for hepatic fibrosis was performed using transient elastography (TE), aminoaspartate transaminase to platelet ratio index (APRI), Hepascore and Fibrosis‐4 index (FIB‐4). Those with suspected significant liver fibrosis based on these screening tests were assessed by a hepatologist.

Results

Twenty‐seven patients were suspected to have liver fibrosis on screening, including 10/56 (18%) by TE, 20/56 (36%) by Hepascore, 2/56 by APRI (4%) and 1/56 by FIB‐4 (2%). Of these 27 patients, 11 were reviewed by a hepatologist and one diagnosed with significant liver fibrosis. TE, but not APRI, Hepascore or FIB‐4, was found to have 100% sensitivity and 84% specificity (P = 0.029) for hepatologist‐diagnosed liver fibrosis.

Conclusion

Liver fibrosis develops in a minority of MTX‐treated RA patients. The present study suggests that TE is a more sensitive screening test than APRI, FIB‐4 or Hepascore in the identification of people with RA at risk of hepatic fibrosis.
Diversity in recognition and function of human γδ T cells
Authors: Castro Caitlin D. , Boughter Christopher T. , Broughton Augusta E. , Ramesh Amrita , Adams Erin J.
Published: November 2020

As interest increases in harnessing the potential power of tissue‐resident cells for human health and disease, γδ T cells have been thrust into the limelight due to their prevalence in peripheral tissues, their sentinel‐like phenotypes, and their unique antigen recognition capabilities. This review focuses primarily on human γδ T cells, highlighting their distinctive characteristics including antigen recognition, function, and development, with an emphasis on where they differ from their αβ T cell comparators, as well as from γδ T cell populations in the mouse. We review the antigens that have been identified thus far to regulate members of the human Vδ1 population and discuss what players are involved in transducing phosphoantigen‐mediated signals to human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. We also briefly review distinguishing features of these cells in terms of TCR signaling, use of coreceptor and costimulatory molecules and their development. These cells have great potential to be harnessed in a clinical setting, but caution must be taken to understand their unique capabilities and how they differ from the populations to which they are commonly compared.
Nursing students learning to care for refugee patients: a qualitative study†
Authors: Evgin D. , Muz G.
Published: November 2020

Background

Nursing students should gain cultural knowledge and skills necessary for providing care to all types of patients.

Aim

This study aimed to determine problems faced by nursing students who care for refugee patients.

Method

The study used phenomenological qualitative design. The sample comprised 25 nursing students who cared for refugee patients in a clinic. Data were analysed using Colaizzi’s seven‐step method following focus group interviews.

Results

Two themes were identified for the interviews: (i) language barrier: insufficient care and (ii) students’ perspectives on being a refugee. Furthermore, three subthemes were also identified by analysis of the interviews: (i) superficial communication and insufficiency in psychological support, (ii) health problems in difficult living conditions and (iii) unchanged basic human needs and unmet care needs.

Conclusions

Nursing students find it difficult to care for refugee patients, but nursing education programmes based on culture care improve their knowledge and perceptions and the quality of care they provide to patients from different cultures.

Implication for nursing and health policy

In a multicultural society, nursing students must recognize cultural differences. Consequently, a multicultural education programme helps lay the groundwork for successful integration of nursing students in new cultures.
Principal components for morphometric traits in Campolina horses
Authors: Solar Diaz Iara Del Pilar , Strauss Borges Junqueira Gleb , Aparecida Rocha Cruz Valdecy , Albano Araújo de Oliveira Chiara , Nunes de Oliveira Henrique , Miguel Ferreira de Camargo Gregório , Bermal Costa Raphael
Published: November 2020

Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to evaluate the genetic variability and relationship between 15 morphometric traits in 91,483 Campolina horses, as well as to propose an index based on an aggregate genotype that promotes a particular selection objective. PCA was applied to the genetic (co)variance matrix among variables. After calculation of the principal components, the breeding values were estimated to obtain an index related to the component that explained most of the variation. The first principal component (PC1) accounted for 97.8% of the total additive genetic variance of the traits. PC1 contrasted animals in terms of body size (wither, back and croup heights, body length, and thoracic girth). PC1 traits showed higher heritabilities and positive and high genetic correlations. An index was obtained (HPC1) with the combination of the breeding values of different traits from PC1 which permitted the use of this index as an aggregate genotype to identify the best animals for selection. The second principal component (PC2) was much smaller and grouped traits related to head and neck morphometry, among others. These traits are commonly used for breed qualification, a fact explaining the small variation in this component. An evaluation of the effect of HPC1 on withers height in two‐trait analysis was also made which provided positive genetic correlations of moderate to high magnitude (0.73–0.86), indicating that selection for this trait (important in Campolina horses) is accounted for in the index. The use of HCP1 could be considered as an important alternative to selection since it does not consider a single trait but rather a set of variables that capture body proportions.
Biogeographical divides delineated by the three‐step landforms of China and the East China Sea: Insights from the phylogeography of Kerria japonica
Authors: Luo Dong , Xu Bo , Li Zhi‐Min , Sun Hang
Published: November 2020

Aim

East Asia exhibits complex geomorphological and climatic characteristics. The aim of this study was to test whether the so‐called three‐step landforms of China, together with the East China Sea (ECS), have acted to shape specific phylogeographical patterns and affected the biogeographical history of the species belonging to the East Asian Flora.

Location

China and Japan.

Taxon

Kerria japonica (L.) DC.

Methods

Three chloroplast DNA regions and 15 nuclear microsatellite (nSSR) loci were sequenced and genotyped in 576/450 individuals of K. japonica. Phylogeographical analyses were performed to assess the genetic structure, historical gene flow and demographical history of these individuals, and climatic factors were examined to determine their effects on phylogeographical breaks. Furthermore, time‐calibrated phylogenetic trees and ancestral range reconstruction were used to infer the biogeographical history of K. japonica. Potential habitats at present and during the last glacial maximum (LGM) were identified using ecological niche modelling.

Results

Distinct phylogeographical breaks were found across the ECS and along the boundary of the three‐step landforms of China. Low historical gene flow and significant climatic differences were detected in each pair of adjacent regions. The results of molecular dating and ancestral range reconstruction indicated that K. japonica originated in North America during the mid‐Miocene (14.76 Ma), and intra‐specific diversification began in the late Miocene (7.78 Ma). Compared to the relatively stable distribution range of Chinese populations, Japanese populations experienced range expansion after the LGM in response to Quaternary climate change.

Main conclusions

Kerria japonica has a complex biogeographical history, with a mid‐Miocene origin in North America and subsequent migration into East Asia via the Bering land bridge. The onset of intra‐specific diversification was probably associated with Asian monsoon intensifications, while exposure to the ECS floor facilitated the formation of the Japanese lineage in the late Miocene. The spatiotemporal population differentiation on the Chinese mainland demonstrates the significant role of biogeographical divides delineated by the three‐step landforms of China and provides clues to understand the floristic regionalization and evolutionary history of plant diversity in East Asia, especially with respect to the Hengduan Mountains, Central China and East China.
Tris DBA ameliorates IgA nephropathy by blunting the activating signal of NLRP3 inflammasome through SIRT1‐ and SIRT3‐mediated autophagy induction
Authors: Wu Chung‐Yao , Hua Kuo‐Feng , Yang Shin‐Ruen , Tsai Yi‐Shan , Yang Shun‐Min , Hsieh Chih‐Yu , Wu Chia‐Chao , Chang Jia‐Feng , Arbiser Jack L. , Chang Chiz‐Tzung , Chen Ann , Ka Shuk‐Man
Published: November 2020

Tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium (Tris DBA), a small‐molecule palladium complex, can inhibit cell growth and proliferation in pancreatic cancer, lymphocytic leukaemia and multiple myeloma. Given that this compound is particularly active against B‐cell malignancies, we have been suggested that it can alleviate immune complexes (ICs)–mediated conditions, especially IgA nephropathy (IgAN). The therapeutic effects of Tris DBA on glomerular cell proliferation and renal inflammation and mechanism of action were examined in a mouse model of IgAN. Treatment of IgAN mice with Tris DBA resulted in markedly improved renal function, albuminuria and renal pathology, including glomerular cell proliferation, neutrophil infiltration, sclerosis and periglomerular inflammation in the renal interstitium, together with (Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011, 6, 1301‐1307) reduced mitochondrial ROS generation; (Am J Physiol‐Renal Physiol. 2011. 301, F1218‐F1230) differentially regulated autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome; (Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012, 7, 427‐436) inhibited phosphorylation of JNK, ERK and p38 MAPK signalling pathways, and priming signal of the NLRP3 inflammasome; and (Free Radic Biol Med. 2013, 61, 285‐297) blunted NLRP3 inflammasome activation through SIRT1‐ and SIRT3‐mediated autophagy induction, in renal tissues or cultured macrophages. In conclusion, Tris DBA effectively ameliorated the mouse IgAN model and targeted signalling pathways downstream of ICs‐mediated interaction, which is a novel immunomodulatory strategy. Further development of Tris DBA as a therapeutic candidate for IgAN is warranted.
circRNA 001306 enhances hepatocellular carcinoma growth by up‐regulating CDK16 expression via sponging miR‐584‐5p
Authors: Liu Qian , Wang Cixiao , Jiang Zeyou , Li Shan , Li Fang , Tan Hua‐Bing , Yue Su‐yang
Published: November 2020

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been demonstrated to play important roles in cancer progress. However, the roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are still unclear. Here, we found has_circRNA_001306 (circ_1306) was up‐regulated in HCC tissues and cell lines. Knockdown the expression circ_1306 significantly suppressed HCC cell proliferation and induced the cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we identified circ_1306 could up‐regulate the expression of CDK16 by sponging miR‐584‐5p. The expression of miR‐584‐5p was decreased, and the expression of CDK16 was increased in HCC tissues and cell lines. Meanwhile, either knockdown of miR‐584‐5p or overexpression of CDK16 could suppress the HCC cell proliferation. In vivo, overexpression of miR‐584‐5p or knockdown of circ_1306 could inhibit the expression of CDK16, and suppress tumour growth. Altogether, our findings suggested that circ_1306 could promoter HCC progress by miR‐584‐5p/CDK16 axis, which provided a novel marker for HCC diagnosis and treatment.