bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of combination of organic sources for organic maize (Zea mays) production
Authors: S.B. YOGANANDA  , N. DEVKUMAR  , P. THIMMEGOWDA  , G.K. SHRUTHI
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2013, 2014 and 2015 on red sandy loam soil of Mandya, to study the effect of different organic manures on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) under irrigated condition in Cauvery Command Area of Karnataka.The experiment was laid out in a randomized com- plete-block design with 3 replications. There were 11 treatments, comprising different levels of compost manure equivalent (75, 100 and 125 kg N/ha) with FYM @ 10 t/ha, beejamrutha and jeevamrutha. The results indicated that, application of 100% N equivalent compost + FYM @ 10 t/ha + beejamrutha + Jeevamrutha @ 500 liter/ha re- corded significantly higher grain yield (6.13 t/ha), stover yield (7.84 t/ha), cob length (15.10 cm), number of leaves per plant (12.77) and plant height (226.0 cm), which was closely followed by application of 100% N equivalent compost + beejamrutha + jeevamrutha @ 500 litres/ha and 125% N equivalent compost + beejamrutha + jeevamrutha @ 500 litres/ha. Soil chemical properties, viz. soil pH, organic carbon content and electric conductiv- ity, were not influenced by application of the organic manures. However, there was an increasing trend in the soil chemical properties compared to initial soil data. However, application of 100% N equivalent compost + FYM @ 10 t/ha + beejamrutha + jeevamrutha recorded significantly higher available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the soil compared to the other treatments.
Effect of weed management practices on productivity, nutrient depletion by weeds and uptake by transplanted rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: VIMAL RAJ YADAV  , V. PRATAP SINGH  , SAMAR PAL SINGH  , PRIYANKA KABDAL
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design during the rainy (kharif) season of 2012 at Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, to evaluate the effect of different weed-control treatments on productivity, nutrient deple- tion by weeds as well as uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L.). Weed-management practices significantly influenced yield, nutrient uptake by rice and depletion by weeds. Pre-emergence application of pretilachlor 750 g/ha + no irri- gation up to 1 week followed by (fb) early post-emergence application of bispyribac-Na (20 g/ha) provided broad- spectrum weed-control, resulting in significant reduction in N, P and K removal by the weeds. This treatment also registered the maximum total N, P and K uptake by rice (116.3, 35.6, and 108.7 kg/ha) and significantly higher grain (5.73 t/ha) as well as straw (8.39 t/ha) yields over pre-emergence application of pretilachlor , pretilachlor + no irrigation up to 1 week and cono weeding fb 1 hand-weeding, but remained at par with the other treatments. Application of penoxsulam at both the doses (22.5 and 25 g/ha) was at par with bispyribac-Na 20 g/ha in terms of grain and straw yields.
Evaluation of sugargraze (Sorghum bicolor), fodder maize (Zea mays) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) under different sources of nitrogen
Authors: SURAJ KAR  , MAGAN SINGH  , PARVEEN KUMAR  , RAKESH KUMAR  , GOVIND MAKARANA
Published: December 2023

The present study was carried out at Karnal, Haryana during rainy (kharif) season of 201415 to estimate green fodder yield, dry fodder yield and nitrogen uptake in fodder maize (Zea mays L.), fodder sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and sugargraze (Sorghum bicolor) in response to organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen. The highest green fodder yield (63.74 t/ha), N uptake (259.1 kg/ha) and crude protein (10.42%) was recorded in sugargraze crop and the percent dry-matter was the highest in fodder sorghum (23.83%). Among the fertilizer sources, 100% N through inorganic form recorded the highest green fodder (51.10 t/ha), N uptake (230.0 kg/ha) and crude protein (10.2%). The N content as well as its uptake was also significantly higher in sugargraze than fodder maize and fodder sorghum. The highest net income ( 75,986/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (4.87) were ob- tained in sugargraze. Among the nitrogen sources, inorganic source of nitrogen recorded maximum net income ( 56,505/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (3.78). The study demonstrated that the fodder sugargraze has a capacity to accumulate dry-matter and N rapidly especially under inorganic fertilization. It could be a better choice in well irri- gated fertilized soils as a high yielding fodder crop.
Effect of organic and inorganic nutrient sources and their integrated nutrient management on productivity, economic efficiency, available N, P, K and microbial population in soybean (Glycine max)onion (Allium cepa) cropping sequence
Authors: W.N. NARKHEDE  , R.N. KHANDARE  , S.K. NAYAK  , G.S. KHAZI
Published: December 2023

A field trial was conducted during 20102015 at Parbhani, Maharashtra, to study the effect of organic, inor- ganic and integrated nutrient management on yield, economics and soil health in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]onion (Allium cepa (L.) cropping sequence for central plateau zone of Maharashtra. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design (RBD) during 5 years with 3 replications and 7 treatments. Out of 7 nutrient treatments, 5 had organic sources and one each having 100% fertilizer and integrated nutrient management (50% through organic and 50% inorganic). The higher value of soybean grain yield (2.67 t/ha), onion bulb yield (23.9 t/ ha), soybean-equivalent yield (9.66 t/ha), production efficiency (110.0 kg/ha/day), economic efficiency (510.7 / ha/day) and sustainable yield index (0.64) in soybeanonion cropping sequence were recorded by NPK recom- mended dose of N:P:K with secondary and micronutrients based on the soil test (ZnSO 10 kg + S 25 kg/ha) fol- 4 lowed by 50% recommended dose of N:P:K combined with 50% N through FYM as compared with other treat- ments. The mean maximum net monetary returns ( 186.4 103/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (3.35) over 5 years ex- perimentation were recorded by 100% recommended dose of fertilizer with secondary and micronutrients based on the soil test (ZnSO 10 kg + S 25 kg/ha) followed by 50% NPK recommended dose combined with 50% N 4 through FYM. Among the organic treatments, different organic sources each equivalent to 1/3 of recommended ni- trogen through FYM + vermicompost + neem-cake + biofertilizer containing N and P carriers recorded the highest value of soybean grain yield (2.23 t/ha), onion bulb yield (19.3 t/ha), soybean-equivalent yield (7.83 t/ha), produc- tion efficiency (89.7 kg/ha/day), economic efficiency (377.0 /ha/day), sustainable yield index (0.54), net monetary returns ( 137.6 103/ha), benefit: cost ratio (2.14) over other treatment of organic. Soil properties and microbial population were markedly influenced by different treatments over the 5 years of experiment.
Effect of organic manure and biofertilizers on system productivity and profitability of potato (Solanum tuberosum)French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cropping system
Authors: S.K. YADAV  , T.K. BAG  , A.K. SRIVASTAVA
Published: December 2023

A fixed plot field experiment was conducted during 2 consecutive summer and autumn seasons of 2013 and 2014 at the Shillong, Meghalaya, to evaluate the effect of organic manure and biofertilizers on system productivity and profitability of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cropping sequence. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design, having 3 replications. Application of the recommended dose of fertilizers to the each crops (140 N : 120 P O : 60 K O kg/ha) through synthetic fertilizers resulted in 4.5% 2 5 2 higher system productivity than FYM application @ 30 t/ha along with inoculation biofertilizers [Azotobacter + phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB)]. However, the maximum economic efficiency ( 471/ha/day), net return ( 172.1 103/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.3) were noticed by application of 30 t FYM/ha along with inoculation of biofertilizers (Azotobacter + PSB). The increase in production efficiency due to application of biofertilizers was 14.0% over without biofertilizers with same level of FYM (30 t/ha). Either application 15 t FYM or 30 t FYM/ha with inoculation of biofertilizers generated more net returns than recommended dose of fertilizers due to premium on organic produce. Depending upon the availability as well as capability of farmers either application of 15 t FYM or 30 t FYM with inoculation of biofertilizers (Azotobacter + PSB) may be more profitable and sustainable potato- French bean cropping system in north-eastern hill region of India under rainfed condition.
Productivity and profitability of intercrops under four tree species throughout their rotation in north-western India
Authors: NAVNEET KAUR  , BALJIT SINGH  , R.I.S. GILL
Published: December 2023

In an experiment, different crops, viz. pearlmillet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.], wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) and annual turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) were evaluated during 2005 to 2011 at Ludhiana, Punjab under 4 agroforestry tree species, viz. necklace poplar (Populus deltoides Bartr ex. Marsh.), eucalypt (Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm.), M. composita Willd. and toon (Toona ciliata M. Roem) during first to sixth year of tree age. Tree growth parameters, growth and yield param- eters of intercrops and sole crops, soil organic carbon, nutrient status and economics of agroforestry systems were determined. The diameter at breast height (DBH) and height of poplar and eucalypt were higher than the other species after 6 years of age. The fresh stem biomass was the lowest (73 t/ha) in toon and the highest in eu- calypt (213 t/ha). The growth and yield of all the crops declined under tree plantations with the increase in growth of trees during each subsequent year. Toon plantation had the minimum adverse effect on understorey crops, whereas eucalypt caused the maximum reduction in yield of all the intercrops. When grown as intercrops under tree block plantations, productivity of turmeric and wheat was better than the other crops under tree species. Amongst different tree-crop combinations, intercropping of turmeric with poplar and eucalypt gave the maximum net returns ( 16,22,225 and 14,62,065/ha respectively) followed by poplarwheat ( 14,30,000/ha). Agroforestry systems also improved the soil fertility status. Soil organic carbon, six years after planting, was the highest under Melia, i.e. 21.2% increase over its initial level (2.83 g/kg). Available N and P were the highest under Melia (139.1 kg/ha) and poplar (15.65 kg/ha) based agroforestry system, respectively, at the end of the experiment.
Effect of irrigation and methods of weed management on weed dynamics and yield of summer rice (Oryza sativa) under system of rice intensification
Authors: S. MOHAPATRA  , A.K. MOHANTY  , S.K. TRIPATHY  , B.R. NAYAK  , N. PANIGRAHY  , P.K. SAMANT  , S. LENKA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the summer season of 2014 and 2015 to study the effect of irrigation and methods of weed management on weed dynamics, yield and nutrient uptake of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under system of rice intensification (SRI). Application of 50 mm water on the day before weeding operation was signifi- cantly superior to saturation (15 mm) on the day before weeding operation for grain yield (5.5 t/ha) owing to the lowest weed density (172.2/m2), weed dry weight (76.1 g/m2), and the highest number of panicles/plant (35.1) and filled grains/panicle (94). Pre-emergence application of pretilachlor @750 g/ha at 3 days after transplanting (DAT) followed by post-emergence application of chlorimuron ethyl + metsulfuron methyl @ 4 g/ha at 20 DAT proved to be most effective in minimizing the density of weeds (139.8/m2), their dry weight (65.5 g/m2) and enhancing weed- control efficiency (57.6%), grain yield (5.6 t/ha), N-P-K uptake of 66.1, 20.2, 23.0 kg/ha respectively by grain, net returns (52,714 /ha) and benefit: cost ratio (3.35).
Integrated weed management practices in turmeric (Curcuma longa)
Authors: SHATRUGHNA KUMAR SINGH  , UMESH SINGH  , DILEEP KUMAR MAURYA  , ADITYA PRAKASH DWIVEDI  , JAI DEV
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 201213 and 201314 at Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, to study the effect of conventional and integrated weed management [rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw mulch and mechanical weeding along with herbicides] practices on the control of weeds and yield of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). The application of metribuzin 700 g/ha as pre-emergence followed by (fb) straw mulch 10 t/ha fb 1 hand- weeding (HW) 75 days after planting (DAP), being at par with pendimethalin 1 kg/ha as pre-emergence fb straw mulch 10 t/ha fb 1 HW 75 DAP and atrazine 750 g/ha as pre-emergence fb straw mulch 10 t/ha fb 1 HW 75 DAP, was found significantly more effective in controlling weeds and improving yield attributes and yield (6.7 t/ha dry rhi- zome; 272% and 26% increase over weedy check and farmers practice respectively). The application of metribuzin 700 g/ha as pre-emergence fb straw mulch 10 t/ha fb 1 HW 75 DAP also recorded the maximum net re- turns ( 392,493/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (3.2). Results showed that integration of mulches and hand weeding with pre-emergence herbicides achieved the maximum yield and returns. However, pre-emergence application of metribuzin 700 g followed by rice straw mulch 10 tonnes/ha along with 1 hand-weeding at 75 days after planting proved most remunerative and economical for growing turmeric crop.
Productivity and resource-use efficiency of greengram (Vigna radiata) as influenced by sowing methods and phosphorus levels under semi-arid conditions of Afghanistan
Authors: QUDRATULLAH EHSAN  , D.S. RANA  , ANIL K. CHOUDHARY
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season of 2015, at the Afghanistan National Agricultural Sci- ences and Technology University (ANASTU), Kandahar, to study the effect of sowing methods and phosphorus levels on greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilezek]. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with 8 treat- ment combinations including 2 sowing methods (broadcast and line sowing) in main plots and 4 phosphorus levels (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg P O /ha) in subplots, replicated thrice. Significantly higher grain yield, biological yield, produc- 2 5 tion efficiency and water-use efficiency were recorded under line sowing over broadcast method. The highest grain yield (1.42 t/ha), biological yield (4.56 t/ha), production efficiency (16.5 kg/ha/day) and water-use efficiency (8.0 kg/ha/mm) were obtained by applying 60 kg P O /ha. Significantly higher gross returns, net returns, benefit: 2 5 cost ratio and monetary efficiency were also recorded under line sowing and at 60 kg P O /ha respectively. Line 2 5 sowing at 45 cm 5 cm spacing and 60 kg P O /ha were found better treatments for higher productivity, profitabil- 2 5 ity and resource-use efficiency of greengram under semi-arid conditions of Afghanistan.
Variability in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) genotypes in response to applied phosphorus
Authors: HARIDARSHAN CHOUKSEY  , VIRENDER SARDANA  , PUSHP SHARMA
Published: December 2023

A field study was conducted during the winter season (rabi) 201213 at Ludhiana, Punjab, to identify the phos- phorus-efficient genotypes of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. & Cosson]. Application of 15 kg/ha of P O increased the seed yield by 6.8% and stover yield by 8.5% over the control, whereas the increase with 30 kg/ 2 5 ha of P O over 15 kg/ha of P O was non-significant. The increase in oil content and P uptake at maturity with suc- 2 5 2 5 cessive dose of phosphorus was also significant. Among genotypes, NRCHB 101 with the highest seed (1.91 t/ ha) and stover (7.29 t/ha) yields outyielded all the other tested genotypes by significant margin of 6.730.8% for seed yield and 9.030.9% for stover yield. Genotype NRCDR 2 registered significantly higher oil content (40.2%), while NRCHB 101 registered significantly higher total phosphorus uptake at maturity (21.52 kg/ha). Interactions between doses of phosphorus and genotypes for all the parameters were found non-significant.
Utilization of high residual sodium carbonate water neutralized with chemical amendments for fodder sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) production
Authors: POOJA GUPTA SONI  , RAJENDER KUMAR YADAV  , GAJENDER YADAV  , TARAMANI YADAV
Published: December 2023

The effect of high residual sodium carbonate (RSC) irrigation water and its neutralization with gypsum/H SO 2 4 on sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] was evaluated in a micro-plot experiment during rainy (kharif) season (May to September 2013) at ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana. The experiment was conducted in randomised block design, consisted of 5 treatments of different RSC levels [RSCnil (control), RSC 5meq/L, RSC10meq/L, RSC10meq/L (neutralized 5meq/L with gypsum), RSC10meq/L (neutralized 5meq/L with H SO )] with 4 replications. Increase in concentration of RSC in water from RSC 5 to 10 resulted in reduction 2 4 in growth parameters like plant height, leaf to stem green biomass, leaf area index, but extent of reduction was lesser, while using RSC water reclaimed with gypsum and sulphuric acid. Neutralization of RSC in irrigation water with gypsum proved a safer and economical option to use high RSC groundwater for irrigation of sorghum for prof- itable fodder production as compared to sulphuric acid.
Diversification of rice (Oryza sativa)wheat (Triticum aestivum) system and its influence on productivity, profitability and energetics under on-farm situation
Authors: DINESH KUMAR SINGH  , ROHITASHAV SINGH  , GAURAV DEEP SINGH  , AJIT PRATAP SINGH  SUMIT CHATURVEDI  , JODH PAL SINGH  , AMARJEET RATHI  , MOHAN SINGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at farmers fields in the district Nainital, Uttarakhand, during 201112 and 201213, to find out the alternate efficient cropping systems for rice (Oryza sativa L.)wheat (Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol.) system in western Himalayas. Five cropping systems including the existing ricewheat were tested at 24 farmers fields as researcher designed farmer managed trials. The rice equivalent yield of rice chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) was the highest (23.7 t/ha), fol- lowed by ricewheatvegetable cowpea (19.3 t/ha), ricevegetable pea (Pisum spp.)maize for cob (Zea mays L.) (17.4 t/ha) and ricelentil (Lens esculenta (L.) Moench)maize (fodder) (16.2 t/ha) systems. Existing ricewheat system recorded rice equivalent yield of 11.8 t/ha, which is 50% lesser than ricechickpeavegetable cowpea sys- tem. The ricechickpeavegetable pea cropping system also recorded the highest net returns ( 222.2103/ha) followed by ricewheatvegetable cowpea ( 203.6103/ha) and ricevegetable peamaize (cob) ( 194.1103/ha) systems. The highest benefit: cost ratio (1.91) was recorded with the ricechickpeavegetable cowpea system owing to its lower cost of cultivation and higher returns. Highest energy-use efficiency ratio (5.25) was recorded with the ricelentilmaize (fodder) system. This system also produced second highest energy input-output effi- ciency (0.62MJ/ha/day), which is very close to the highest energy input-output efficiency (0.63 MJ/ha/day) of tradi- tional ricewheat system.
Effect of irrigation and nitrogen management on rice (Oryza sativa) under system of rice intensification and its residual effect on lentil (Lens culinaris)
Authors: MADANE ANANDA JAGANNATH  , J.K. SINGH  , AVIJIT SEN  , J.S. BOHRA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of irrigation scheduling and nitrogen management on growth, yield, quality and relative economics of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) (cv. PHB 71) under SRI and their re- sidual effect on lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) (cv. HUL 57) on sandy-clay loam soil of Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh dur- ing rainy (kharif) and winter (rabi) seasons of 201415 and 201516. The experiment was laid out in split-plot de- sign assigning 3 irrigation scheduling [irrigation at 2 days after disappearance of ponded water (DADPW), 5 DADPW and 8 DADPW] in the main-plots and 5 nitrogen management practices, [Recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN), RDN + Sesbania aculeata Poir as co-culture with rice, 75% RDN + Sesbania aculeata Poir as co-culture with rice, RDN + blue green algae (BGA) and 75% RDN+BGA] in the sub-plots, with 3 replications. Results re- vealed higher growth parameters, yield attributes and grain and straw yields (6.67 and 8.43 t/ha, respectively) un- der scheduling of irrigation at 2 DADPW as compared to 8 DADPW although it was statistically at par with sched- uling of irrigation at 5 days after disappearance of ponded water. The magnitude of increase in grain and straw yield of hybrid rice under SRI by scheduling of irrigation at 2 DADPW over 8 DADPW was 14.0 and 10.3%, re- spectively on pooled basis. The NPK uptake by the crop and hulling, milling and head rice recovery of rice grain were found to be higher under scheduling of irrigation at 2 DADPW. Among the nitrogen management practices, RDN+BGA produced markedly higher leaf-area index (4.78), dry matter accumulation/hill (67.6 g), effective tillers/ m2 (262), panicle length (31.7 cm), grains/panicle (190), weight/panicle (5.64 g), 1,000-grain weight (24.8 g), grain yield (6.78 t/ha) and straw yield (8.66 t/ha) over other nitrogen management practices. The residual effect of scheduling of irrigation at 5 DADPW applied to rice exhibited higher value of pods/plant, 1,000-grain weight, yield of grain and stover of lentil as well as NPK uptake by the crop. Further, application of RDN (150 kg N /ha) along with BGA (12 kg BGA powder/ha) to rice recorded the highest pods/plant, 1,000-grain weight and grain and stover yield and NPK uptake by succeeding lentil.
Production potential and energy dynamics of efficient cropping systems under diverse nutrient management practices
Authors: D.P. PACHARNE
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the production potential, their energetics and economics of effi- cient cropping systems under different nutrient management practices during 201112 and 201213. The treat- ments consisted of 3 cropping systems [groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)onion (Allium cepa L.), groundnut wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol.] and groundnutchickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)] with 4 nutrient management treatments, viz. recommended dose of fertilizer, fertilizer dose as per soil test, fertilizer dose as per soil test crop response (STCR) equations and control as main-plot treatments, whereas 3 fertilizer levels, viz. RDF, 75% RDF and 50% RDF as sub-plots treatments. Among the cropping systems, groundnutonion cropping system recorded significantly maximum groundnut equivalent yield (7.82 t/ha), production efficiency (35.1 kg/ha/ day) and economic efficiency ( 842.4/ha/day) than rest of the cropping systems. However, groundnutchickpea (0.82 t/ha) recorded significantly higher protein than groundnutwheat but at par with groundnutonion, while car- bohydrates (5.41 t/ha) and fats (0.81 t/ha) were registered higher with groundnutonion cropping system. Applica- tion of fertilizer as per STCR equation to preceding groundnut registered significantly higher protein (0.95 t/ha), carbohydrate (4.20 t/ha) and fat (0.88 t/ha) than control treatments. Similarly, groundnutonion cropping system obtained significantly maximum net monetary returns ( 188.1103/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.98), but ground- nutchickpea cropping system registered significantly higher energy output-input ratio (9.54), energy balance/unit input (8.85) and energy intensiveness (2.59 MJ/ ) on pooled mean. At the end of the 2 years cropping cycles, groundnutonion cropping system found to be most efficient and suitable for obtaining the maximum productivity and monetary returns with application of fertilizer as per STCR equation.
Effect of integrated nutrient management on microclimatic environment, quality and yield of baby corn (Zea mays) in North-Western India
Authors: S.S. WALIA  , GURBRINDER SINGH  , K.S. SAINI
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season of 2013 and 2014 on sandy-loam soil of Ludhiana, Punjab, to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on yield and quality of baby corn (Zea mays L.). The maximum photosynthetically active radiation interception was recorded 60 days after sowing in plants receiving N- P-K @ 75-15-11.3 kg/ha through chemical fertilizer, which was statistically at par with 15 kg N/ha through FYM + 60 kg N/ha. The lowest soil and canopy temperature was recorded in N-P-K @ 75-15-11.3 kg/ha 30 days after sowing. The maximum baby corn yield was recorded in N-P-K @ 75-15-11.3 kg/ha which was statistically at par with 15 kg N/ha (FYM) + 60 kg N/ha and N-P-K @ 60-12-6 kg/ha. The protein content was significantly higher in plants received N-P-K @ 75-15-11.3 kg/ha, while sugar content was higher in plants received 30 kg N/ha through FYM + 30 kg N/ha through fertilizer than the other treatments. The starch, crude fibre, cob texture, total soluble solid and total solids were not significantly affected by both chemical and integrated nutrient management treat- ments.
Effect of pre-sowing seed inoculation with liquid biofertilizers on fodder yield and quality of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
Authors: HARPREET KAUR OBEROI  , GULAB PANDOVE  , ANUREET KAUR
Published: December 2023

An experiment was carried out during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2016 and 2017 at 2 locations of Punjab (Ludhiana and Bathinda), to study the effect of N-fixer (Azotobacter species) and P-solubilizers (Sphingobacterium species, Burkholderia species and Streptomyces badius) inoculations and their interactions, in the presence of recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) on SL 44 single-cut forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench]. A to- tal of 9 liquid microbial inoculant combinations were used as seed treatment before sowing. All the microbial treat- ments along with chemical fertilization resulted in non-significant numeric increase in yield and growth of sorghum at both the locations in 2 consecutive years. The dual inoculation, i.e. Azotobacter species + Burkholderia species along with RDF resulted in 21.5% and 16.8% percent increase in crude protein (CP) and in-vitro dry-matter digest- ibility (IVDMD) over the control, observed from 2 locations pooled mean respectively. Similar combination of biofertilizer with recommended dose of fertilizer resulted in lower acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) content of 40.40% and 53.53% respectively. The hydrocyanic acid (HCN) production was also noticed to be lowered down with the use of liquid dual inoculum of Azotobacter species + Burkholderia species. Green fod- der yield (GFY) had positive significant correlation with all yield, growth and quality parameters, whereas negative correlation with HCN (0.09), ADF (0.34) and NDF (0.18). Dry-fodder yield (DFY) exhibited the highest signifi- cant correlation coefficient with IVDMD (0.92) followed by CP (0.71). The results of correlation also indicated that the plant height should be given due importance as it showed significant correlation with dry-fodder yield. There- fore, there was synergetic effect of nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-solubilizing microbial inoculants on fodder qual- ity improvement of sorghum.
Productivity of soybean (Glycine max) under drip irrigation
Authors: RAMANPREET KAUR  , ANGREJ SINGH  , K.G. SINGH  , DEEPAK ARORA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at the research farm of Department of Soil and Water Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, and University Seed Farm, Ladhowal, Punjab, during the rainy (kharif) season of 2017, to study the effect of drip irrigation, fertigation and mulching on productivity of soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.]. Among drip irrigation levels, seed yield increased significantly 14.2 and 11.8% with increasing drip irrigation level from 60% ETc to 80% ETc for Ludhiana and Ladhowal, respectively. Further increase in irrigation level up to 100% ETc increased the seed yield marginally by 3.5 and 4.6% for respective locations. With increasing fertigation level from 50% to 75% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), seed yield increased significantly to the tune of 9.2 and 9.4% for Ludhiana and Ladhowal respectively. However, further increase up to 100% RDF increased the seed yield by 4.8 and 5.3% for respective locations. Application of paddy straw mulch @ 6 tonnes/ha resulted in 13 and 9.8% increase in seed yield over no mulch. Mean of all combinations of drip irrigation, fertigation and mulching treatments recorded 12.3 and 19.2% increase in seed yield as compared to conventional furrow irrigation (control) for Ludhiana and Ladhowal respectively.
Weed management in rice (Oryza sativa)fallow for enhancement in productivity and profitability of ricezero till toria (Brassica campestris) system
Authors: PRIYAMBADA PARIDA  , BASUDEV BEHERA  , STUTI DEBAPRIYA BEHERA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 201314 and 201415 at Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India to develop management practices for rice (Oryza sativa L.)toria (Brassica campestris L.) cropping system in rice fallows. During the rainy season (kharif), 7 crop-establishment methods were tried in rice in randomized block design with 3 replications. During winter (rabi) season zero-till toria was raised on residual soil-moisture conditions. The re- sidual effects of 7 crop-establishment methods imposed in rice and 3 weed-management practices in succeeding toria were tried in split-plot design with 3 replications. Pooled over seasons, transplanting in rice + bispyribac-Na @ 0.02 kg/ha at 21 days after transplanting (DAT) + mechanical weeding at 35 DAT and sequential application of glyphosate 1.0 kg/ha as pre-planting desiccation (PPD) and quizalofop ethyl 0.05 kg/ha as post-emergence re- corded the maximum rice-equivalent yield of 5,792 kg/ha and 2 treatment combinations, viz. transplanting + bispyribac-Na @ 0.02 kg/ha (21 DAT) + mechanical weeding (35 DAT) in rice and glyphosate 1.0 kg/ha (PPD) alone or quizalofop ethyl alone in toria recorded similar system yield. Transplanting in rice + bispyribac-Na @ 0.02 kg/ha at 21 days after sowing (DAS) + mechanical weeding (35 DAS) and glyphosate 1.0 kg/ha in toria gave the maximum system net return of 40,392/ha. Line sowing in direct-seeded rice with pendimethalin as pre-emer- gence spray + hand-weeding (35 DAS) or transplanting in rice with bispyribac-Na @ 0.02 kg/ha as post-emer- gence spray (21 DAS) + mechanical weeding (35 DAS) and glyphosate 1.0 kg/ha (PPD) in toria may be recom- mended for maximizing productivity and profitability.
Advantage of maize (Zea mays)-based intercropping system to different nutrient- management practices
Authors: BINOY CHHETRI  , A.C. SINHA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during (pre-kharif) (FebruaryMay) seasons of 2014 and 2015 at the Instruc- tional Farm, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, to evaluate the effect of maize (Zea mays L.) intercropped with cowpea [Vigna unguiculata L.) and nutrient-management practices on yield attributes, yield, nutrient uptake and competition indices. Among the cropping system, sole crop resulted in the highest yield attributes, grain yield (3,913 kg/ha), stover yield (6,565 kg/ha), harvest index (37.21%), uptake of nitrogen (101.36 kg/ha), phosphorus (19.80 kg/ha) and potassium (110.90 kg/ha). However, growing of maize as an intercrop with cowpea in a 2 : 2 row ratio resulted in the highest grain yield (3,249 kg/ha), stover yield (5,707 kg/ha) and harvest index (36.19%) than 2 : 4 row ratio combination. Among the nutrient-management practices, 75% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) + Azotobacter + vermicompost (VC) @ 5.0 t/ha resulted in the highest yield attributes, grain yield (3,684 kg/ha), stover yield (6,207 kg/ha), harvest index (37.14%) and NPK uptake. However, productivity system in terms of maize-equivalent yield (MEY), land-equivalent ratio (LER), relative crowding coeffi- cient (RCC), competition index (CI), aggressivity, competition ratio (CR), land-equivalent coefficient (LEC), area time-equivalent ratio (ATER) and monetary advantage was found to be higher in 2 : 2 row ratio, followed by 2 : 4 row ratio combination. Thus, maize intercrop with cowpea in 2 : 2 row ratio combination and supplied with 75% RDF + PSB + Azotobacter + vermicompost (VC) @ 5.0 t/ha (N ) improved the productivity of sole crop as well as 3 intercrop system.
Zinc and sulphur nutrition in sugarcane (Sachharum officinarum) and potato (Solanum tuberosum) intercropping system affecting soil microbial biomass carbon, respiration and crop growth in subtropical India
Authors: S.K. SHUKLA  , V.P. JAISWAL  , LALAN SHARMA  , A.D. PATHAK  , S.K. AWASTHI  , ASHA GAUR  , RAGHVENDRA TIWARI
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 2 cropping seasons of 20152017 at experimental field Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh to evaluate the sulphur- and zinc-containing complex fertilizers in sugarcane (Sachharum officinarum L.)potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)-based cropping systems. The experiment was laid out in a split- plot design under 3 replications. The treatments of cropping system (CS) and nutrient management (NM) were kept in main and subplots, respectively. Results revealed that soil organic carbon did not differ significantly with the cropping systems. Higher values of soil organic carbon, soil respiration and soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN) were obtained after harvesting of potato as compared to sugarcane crop in both the cropping systems. Balanced application of NPSZn compound fertilizer improved the SMBC, soil organic carbon (SOC), soil respira- tion and SMBN. The extent of increase in SMBC and SMBN owing to application of NPSZn was higher at harvest- ing of potato (component crop) compared to sugarcane. Application of farmyard manure (FYM) with recom- mended fertilizer (NPK) significantly increased SOC (0.92%) after harvesting of potato. After harvesting of sugar- cane, SOC declined and reached the level of 0.76%. Recommended dose of NPK and FYM significantly left the highest status of residual level of nutrients (199.45 kg N, 23. 81 kg P O and 348.15 kg K O/ha) after harvesting of 2 5 2 sugarcane crop in both the systems. The statistically at par yield (32.98 t/ha) of potato was harvested in potato sugarcane system as compared to potato + sugarcane (31.48 t/ha) system. Recommended NPK (T )/ recom- 2 mended NPKS (T ) were found superior to the absolute control (T ) and produced significantly higher yield of po- 3 1 tato (30.67 to 31.33 t/ha). The highest individual cane weight (1,015 g) was recorded with application of recom- mended NPK + FYM. Commercial cane sugar was influenced greatly by different levels of nutrients. The highest sugar yield (11.60 t/ha) was obtained with application of recommended dose of NPK along with S and Zn applica- tion equivalent to compound fertilizer (NPSZn).
Influence of irrigation and tillage management on growth, yield and water-use efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Gangetic plains in West Bengal
Authors: SAUMI GOSWAMI  , RAMYAJIT MONDAL  , A.M. PUSTE  , SUKAMAL SARKAR  , HIRAK BANERJEE  , KALYAN JANA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was carried out during the winter seasons of 201617 and 201718 at Gayeshpur, Nadia (West Bengal) in the Gangetic alluvial soil, to assess the impact of irrigation and tillage-management practices on growth attributes, yield components, yield and water-use efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. UP 262 Results revealed that increase in irrigation frequency from irrigation water : cumulative pan evaporation (IW : CPE) 0.4 to 1.0 significantly promoted growth parameters, and 6 irrigations at 1617 days interval (IW : CPE ratio of 1.0) was found to be superior. Growth parameters were significantly higher under conventional tillage over minimum tillage. The plants receiving 6 irrigations (IW : CPE 1.0) recorded the highest consumptive use (CU), while the highest consumptive-use efficiency (CUE) was obtained with the plants receiving 5 irrigations. The maximum num- ber of spikes/m2, spike length and number of filled grains/spike were found in plants irrigated 6 times (IW : CPE 1.0) at an interval of 1617 days. Maximum wheat grain and straw yield were obtained with 6 irrigations, closely followed by those obtained with 5 irrigations (IW : CPE 0.8). Tillage practices showed significant variation in the number of spikes/m2 and it was maximum with crops grown under conventional tillage. Both grain and straw yields were significantly higher for plants grown under conventional tillage than those obtained under the minimum till- age. The gross returns, net returns and benefit: cost ratio were maximum when the crop received 6 irrigations un- der conventional tillage management. Hence, 6 irrigations under conventional tillage could be more effective in augmenting wheat yield, CUE and economics in the Gangetic plains of West Bengal.
Effect of sowing time, planting methods and irrigation scheduling on yield response, water and radiation-use efficiencies of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Punjab, India
Authors: L.K. DHALIWAL  , G.S. BUTTAR  , P.K. KINGRA  , SUKHJEET KAUR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter season (rabi) of 201617 and 201718 at Ludhiana, Punjab, to evaluate the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) interception, yield response, water and radiation- use efficiencies of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in response to sowing time, planting methods and irrigation treat- ments. Wheat variety WH 1105 was sown on 2 dates (10 and 30 November) under 2 planting methods (flat planting and bed planting) and 3 irrigation treatments (I , 3 post-sowing irrigations at crown-root initiation (CRI), 1 flag-leaf emergence and soft dough stages; I , I + 4th irrigation during the last week of March; and I , recommended 2 1 3 4 post-sowing irrigations) with 4 replications. Crop sown on 10 November under bed planting with I irrigation 2 treatment had the maximum dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, number of effective tillers, ear length, grains/ ear and 1,000-grain weight as compared to the other treatments. The PAR interception was also higher in 10 No- vember sowing under bed planting in I irrigation treatment, which had direct effect on radiation-use efficiency 2 (RUE) of the crop. Water-use efficiency (WUE) was higher (12.5 and 11.4 kg/ha/mm) under I treatment followed 1 by I treatment (12.3 and 10.6 kg/ha/mm) and the lowest in I , treatment (10.5 and 9.3 kg/ha/mm). The grain yield, 3 2 WUE and RUE were higher by 510, 1015 and 15%, respectively under bed planting compared to flat planting during both the seasons. Significant and positive correlation (r) of grain yield with yield-attributing characters, viz. no. of effective tillers (0.71), grains/ear (0.76), ear length (0.74), 1,000-grain weight (0.65), water (0.76) and RUE (0.69) were observed with pooled analysis.
Effect of integrated nutrient-management and dates of sowing on nutrient uptake and yield of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum)
Authors: N. NALINI  , K.P. VANI  , K.B. SUNEETHA DEVI  , P. SURENDRA BABU
Published: December 2023

A study was conducted at during the rainy season of 2014 and 2015 at Hyderabad, Telangana, to study the effect of integrated nutrient management and dates of sowing on pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum). Pearl millet crop was raised with 3 integrated nutrient management as main treatments, i.e. M1 [100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), M2 (100% RDF + FYM @ 5 t/ha) and M3 (100% RDF + pressmud @ 2.5 t/ha), and 4 sowing dates as subtreatments, viz. D1, 15 June; D2, 30 June; D3, 15 July and D4, 30 July. Out of the 3 integrated nutrient-management treatments, 100% RDF + pressmud @ 2.5 t/ha, i.e. M3, improved the growth parameters, viz. plant height, dry-matter production and, leaf-area index, as well as yield attributes like ear length, weight of grains/ear and 1,000grain weight which consequently resulted in the highest grain, straw yield, harvest index and nutrient uptake of pearl millet in comparison to the other main treatments. Among dates of sowing, pearl millet sown on 30 June (D2) recorded greater plant height (162.1 cm), dry-matter production (8305 kg/ha), leaf-area index (1.66), ear length (26), weight of grains/ear (16.2) and 1,000-grain weight (7.2), as well as grain yield (3242), straw yield (5360), and harvest index (38.1) compared to other dates of sowing during both the years of experiment.
Plant population is crucial to yield enhancement of white cumin (Trachyspermum ammi) in northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: TIGIST MOTBAYNOR  , SANJAY SINGH  , YENUS OUSMAN
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during August 2017 and January 2018 at Dembia district of Ethiopia, to determine the optimum plant population of white cumin [Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague ex Turrill] by adjusting inter- and intra-row spacings. The experiment consisted of a complete randomized block design with 4 inter-row spacings (30, 40, 50 and 60 cm) and 3 intra-row spacings (10, 15 and 20 cm), replicated 3 times. The maximum mean days to flowering (92 days) were recorded in plant spacing of 50 cm 20 cm. The highest numbers of primary and secondary branches were obtained in 60 cm 20 cm spacing. The maximum numbers of umbels and umbellets were recorded in 40 cm 20 cm spacing. The interaction effects of spacings on plant height, biological yield, seed yield, and harvest index were significant, while those on days to flowering and maturity, number of primary and secondary branches, number of umbels and umbellets, and 1,000-seed weight were non-significant. It is concluded that white cumin should be planted at the spacing of 40 cm 10 cm in Dembia district and similar other agroecological areas of Ethiopia to achieve the maximum yield
Influence of seedling age and different levels and methods of application of nutrients on yield, nutrient content and uptake of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: S.D. RAUT  , U.V. MAHADKAR  , G.K. BAHURE  , A.M. YADAV  , A.R. CHAVAN  , N. JAGTAP  , L.S. CHAVAN  , S.B. DODKE  , M.M. BURONDKAR  , J.S. DHEKALE
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season of 2016 and 2017 at Dapoli, Maharashtra, to study the influence of different age of seedling age, levels and methods of fertilizers application on growth, yield, nutrients content, uptake and economics in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The result revealed that the 20-day-old seedling resulted in significantly highest grain and straw yield (tonnes/ha) as compared to 30-day and 40-day old seedlings. Among different levels of fertilizer application, 125% recommended doses of fertilizer (RDF) resulted in signifi cantly higher grain and straw yields followed by 100% RDF and 75% RDF in that descending order. Significantly higher value of grain and straw yields (tonnes/ha) were recorded in treatment split application of potassium with Zn, B and Cu spray (K4) followed by basal application of potassium with Zn, B and Cu spray (K3) which were at par and also significantly superior to all other treatments.
Herbicidal weed management in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) and its residual effect on succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum) crop
Authors: M.L. MEHRIYA  , VIJAY LAXMI YADAV  , NEELAM GEAT
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was carried out at Mandore, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, during the rainy (kharif) and winter (rabi) seasons of 201718 and 201819, to study the herbicidal weed management in groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) and its residual effect on succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop in the western Rajasthan. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with 14 treatments and replicated thrice. Weed-free (2 hand-weedings) treatment recorded significantly higher pod yield over rest of the treatments. Among the herbicidal treatments, pendimethalin 30 EC + imazethapyr 2 EC @ 1,000 g/ha pre-emergence (PE) treatment (T5) led to the lowest weed density, weed biomass, and achieved the maximum weed-control efficiency. This T5 treatment was statistically significant over the T4 (pendimethalin 30 EC + imazethapyr 2 EC @ 750 g/ha PE), T12 [sodium aciflourfen 16.5% + clodinafop propargyl 8% @ 200 g/ha post-emergence (PoE)] and T11 (sodium aciflourfen 16.5% + clodinafop propargyl 8% @ 180g/ha PoE) in relation to pod yield. Our results also revealed that application of pendimethalin 30 EC + imazethapyr 2 EC @ 1000 g/ha PE enhanced the cropping system gross returns, net returns and benefit:cost (B:C) ratio over the control. But showed equal economic feasibility with pendimethalin 30 EC + imazethapyr 2 EC @ 750 g/ha PE, sodium aciflourfen 16.5% + clodinafop propargyl 8% @ 200 g/ha PoE and sodium aciflourfen 16.5% + clodinafop propargyl 8% @ 180 g/ha PoE. Imazethapyr + imazamox (pre-mix) @ 70 g/ha PoE also effectively controlled the weed in groundnut and found statically at par with above treatments. Residual effect of different concentrations of herbicide was not observed in succeeding wheat in groundnutwheat cropping system.
Efficacy of herbicides and their impact on the productivity, energy relationships and economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Vertisols of Central India
Authors: K.C. SHARMA  , K.S. SOLANKI
Published: December 2023

Field experiment was conducted at Research Farm of Indore, Madhya Pradesh during the winter (rabi) season of 201617 and 201718, to find out the efficacy of different post-emergence herbicides (halauxifen-methyl-ester, 2, 4-D and metsulfuron methyl) alone as well as mixture with carfentrazone for the control of broad-leaf weeds in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Data on weed dynamics indicated that, weed density and weed dry weight for broad-leaf weeds decreased significantly with these herbicides as compared to weedy check. However, the maximum reduction was observed with an application of halauxifen @ 12.76 g/ha and this treatment also recorded the highest values of weed-control efficiency and the lowest values of weed index. Application of carfentrazone as sole or in combination resulted in the phyto-toxicity while higher leaf burning was observed when applied with metsulfuron and halauxifen. The maximum grain yield (6.60 and 6.27 t/ha) and biological yield (15.24 and 14.67 t/ha) were recorded with weed-free environment, being at par with application of halauxifen and metsulfuron and these treatments were altogether significant over the weedy check. Growth and yield attributes also followed the similar trend to that of grain yield. Although the highest values of energy input (23.32 thousand MJ/ha), energy output (`201.1 thousand MJ/ha), cost of cultivation (52.4 thousand/ha) and gross returns (`142.4 thousand/ha) were estimated with weed-free treatment, but application of halauxifen resulted in the maximum energy ratio (8.72), energy productivity (279.8 g/MJ), net returns (`92.8 thousand/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.99). Thus, post-emergence application of halauxifen- methyl-ester @ 12.76 g/ha or metsulfuron methyl @ 4 g/ha found effective in controlling of broad-leaf weeds and fetched higher net returns and energy productivity of wheat in Vertisols of Central India.
Influence of irrigation schedule and nutrient-management practice on dry matter accumulation and grain yield of quality protein maize (Zea mays) in new alluvial zone of West Bengal
Authors: M. MALO  , A. GHOSH  , D. DUTTA
Published: December 2023

A 2-year field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) season of 201718 and 201819 at Kalyani Nadia, West Bengal, to study the response of HQPM1 quality protein maize (Zea mays L.) to irrigation schedule and nutrient-management practice.