bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Characteristics of Severe Chronic Upper-Airway Disease (SCUAD) in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis: A Real-Life Multicenter Cross-Sectional Italian Study
Authors: Gani Federica , Lombardi Carlo , Bonizzoni Giacomo , Rolla Giovanni , Brussino Luisa , Landi Massimo , Schiappoli Michele , Senna Gianenrico , Savi Eleonora , Ridolo Erminia , Ventura Maria Teresa , Gamba Paolo , Patella Vincenzo , Bugiani Massimo
Published: January 2019

Background: There are few studies regarding severe chronic upper-airway disease (SCUAD) that represents an important socioeconomic problem for the treatment of rhinitis and associated comorbidities, particularly asthma. Objectives: The aim of our study is to evaluate the prevalence of this pathology in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) in real life, to phenotype allergic patients with SCUAD, and to identify which factors are related to the severity of the disease. Methods: We studied 113 patients with uncontrolled AR despite optimal adherence to therapy according to the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines in a multicenter Italian study, analyzing comorbidity, use of additional drugs, not scheduled visits, and the number of emergency room admissions. Results: Our data suggest that polysensitization is the only statistically significant factor correlating with SCUAD. Asthma does not seem to represent a correlating factor. An important finding is the poor use (20%) of allergy immunotherapy (AIT), although patients were suffering from AR and the ARIA guidelines recommend the use of AIT in moderate/severe AR. Conclusions: The SCUAD population seems not to have a specific phenotype; there is a greater presence of SCUAD in polysensibilized patients, perhaps a sign of greater inflammation.
Acute-Onset Optic Neuropathy in Wilson’s Disease
Authors: Chou Liyung Tiffany , Horkey Derek , Slabaugh Mark
Published: January 2019

Wilson’s disease (WD), also known as hepatolenticular degeneration, is a rare autosomal recessive condition of excess copper accumulation that is most commonly associated with hepatic, neurologic, psychiatric, and ocular manifestations. While Kayser-Fleischer rings and sunflower cataracts are well known in WD, visual impairment is very rare. We report the case of a 20-year-old female who presented with acute liver failure and associated monocular vision loss. WD was found to be a cause of her liver disease and decreased vision.
Central Slab versus Whole Brain to Measure Brain Atrophy in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Ruberte Esther , Sinnecker Tim , Amann Michael , Gaetano Laura , Naegelin Yvonne , Penner Iris-Katharina , Kuhle Jens , Derfuss Tobias , Kappos Ludwig , Granziera Cristina , Wuerfel Jens , Yaldizli Özgür
Published: January 2019

Background: Structural Image Evaluation using Normalization of Atrophy (SIENA) is used to measure brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, brain extraction is prone to artefacts in the upper and lower parts of the brain. To overcome these shortcomings, some pivotal MS trials used a central slab instead of the whole brain as input for SIENA. The aim of this study was to compare the internal consistency and statistical dispersion of atrophy measures, associations with clinical outcomes and required sample sizes in clinical trials between these two approaches. Methods: Brain volume change was assessed using SIENA in 119 MS patients with 5-years follow-up on 3D T1-weighted Magnetization Prepared Rapid Gradient Echo datasets using the whole brain or a central slab ranging from –10 to +60 mm Montreal Neurological Institute atlas coordinates. The statistical analysis included the quartile coefficient of dispersion, partial correlations with clinical outcomes and sample size calculations. Clinical outcome measures comprised the Expanded Disability Status Scale, MS Functional Composite and Symbol Digit Modalities Test. Results: Annualized brain atrophy rates were higher using central slab than whole brain as input for SIENA (–0.51 ± 0.49 vs. –0.37 ± 0.39% per year, p < 0.001). Central and whole brain volume change showed comparable statistical dispersion and similarly correlated with clinical outcomes at 5-years follow-up. Sample size calculations estimated 14% fewer patients required to detect a given treatment effect when using the central slab instead of the whole brain option in SIENA. Conclusion: Central slab and whole brain SIENA produced comparable statistical dispersion with similar associations to clinical outcomes.
PATJ
Low Frequency Variants Are Associated With Worse Ischemic Stroke Functional Outcome
Authors: Mola-Caminal Marina , Carrera Caty , Soriano-Tárraga Carolina , Giralt-Steinhauer Eva , Díaz-Navarro Rosa M. , Tur Sílvia , Jiménez Carmen , Medina-Dols Aina , Cullell Natàlia , Torres-Aguila Nuria P. , Muiño Elena , Rodríguez-Campello Ana , Ois Angel , Cuadrado-Godia Elisa , Vivanco-Hidalgo Rosa M. , Hernandez-Guillamon Mar , Solé Montse , Delgado Pilar , Bustamante Alejandro , García-Berrocoso Teresa , Mendióroz Maite , Castellanos Mar , Serena Joaquín , Martí-Fàbregas Joan , Segura Tomás , Serrano-Heras Gemma , Obach Victor , Ribó Marc , Molina Carlos A. , Alvarez-Sabín José , Palomeras Ernest , Freijo Mar , Font Maria A. , Rosand Jonathan , Rost Natalia S. , Gallego-Fabrega Cristina , Lee Jin-Moo , Heitsch Laura , Ibanez Laura , Cruchaga Carlos , Phuah Chia-Ling , Lemmens Robin , Thijs Vincent , Lindgren Arne , Maguire Jane , Rannikmae Kristiina , Sudlow Catherine L. , Jern Christina , Stanne Tara M. , Lorentzen Erik , Muñoz-Narbona Lucía , Dávalos Antonio , López-Cancio Elena , Worrall Bradford B. , Woo Daniel , Kittner Steven J. , Mitchell Braxton D. , Montaner Joan , Roquer Jaume , Krupinski Jurek , Estivill Xavier , Rabionet Raquel , Vives-Bauzá Cristòfol , Fernández-Cadenas Israel , Jiménez-Conde Jordi
Published: January 2019

Rationale:

Ischemic stroke is among the leading causes of adult disability. Part of the variability in functional outcome after stroke has been attributed to genetic factors but no locus has been consistently associated with stroke outcome.

Objective:

Our aim was to identify genetic loci influencing the recovery process using accurate phenotyping to produce the largest GWAS (genome-wide association study) in ischemic stroke recovery to date.

Methods and Results:

A 12-cohort, 2-phase (discovery-replication and joint) meta-analysis of GWAS included anterior-territory and previously independent ischemic stroke cases. Functional outcome was recorded using 3-month modified Rankin Scale. Analyses were adjusted for confounders such as discharge National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. A gene-based burden test was performed. The discovery phase (n=1225) was followed by open (n=2482) and stringent joint-analyses (n=1791). Those cohorts with modified Rankin Scale recorded at time points other than 3-month or incomplete data on previous functional status were excluded in the stringent analyses. Novel variants in
PATJ
(Pals1-associated tight junction) gene were associated with worse functional outcome at 3-month after stroke. The top variant was rs76221407 (G allele, β=0.40,
P
=1.70×10
−9
).

Conclusions:

Our results identify a set of common variants in
PATJ
gene associated with 3-month functional outcome at genome-wide significance level. Future studies should examine the role of
PATJ
in stroke recovery and consider stringent phenotyping to enrich the information captured to unveil additional stroke outcome loci.
Convergences of Life Sciences and Engineering in Understanding and Treating Heart Failure
Authors: Berry Joel L. , Zhu Wuqiang , Tang Yao Liang , Krishnamurthy Prasanna , Ge Ying , Cooke John P. , Chen Yabing , Garry Daniel J. , Yang Huang-Tian , Rajasekaran Namakkal Soorapan , Koch Walter J. , Li Song , Domae Keitaro , Qin Gangjian , Cheng Ke , Kamp Timothy J. , Ye Lei , Hu Shijun , Ogle Brenda M. , Rogers Jack M. , Abel E. Dale , Davis Michael E. , Prabhu Sumanth D. , Liao Ronglih , Pu William T. , Wang Yibin , Ping Peipei , Bursac Nenad , Vunjak-Novakovic Gordana , Wu Joseph C. , Bolli Roberto , Menasché Philippe , Zhang Jianyi
Published: January 2019

On March 1 and 2, 2018, the National Institutes of Health 2018 Progenitor Cell Translational Consortium, Cardiovascular Bioengineering Symposium, was held at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Convergence of life sciences and engineering to advance the understanding and treatment of heart failure was the theme of the meeting. Over 150 attendees were present, and >40 scientists presented their latest work on engineering human functional myocardium for disease modeling, drug development, and heart failure research. The scientists, engineers, and physicians in the field of cardiovascular sciences met and discussed the most recent advances in their work and proposed future strategies for overcoming the major roadblocks of cardiovascular bioengineering and therapy. Particular emphasis was given for manipulation and using of stem/progenitor cells, biomaterials, and methods to provide molecular, chemical, and mechanical cues to cells to influence their identity and fate in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, these works are profoundly impacting and progressing toward deciphering the mechanisms and developing novel treatments for left ventricular dysfunction of failing hearts. Here, we present some important perspectives that emerged from this meeting.
Impact of 12/15-Lipoxygenase on Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Gaberel Thomas , Gakuba Clément , Zheng Yi , Lépine Matthieu , Lo Eng H. , van Leyen Klaus
Published: January 2019

Background and Purpose—

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating form of stroke. Oxidative stress contributes to brain injury, but the mechanisms have been poorly studied. Here, we evaluated the role of 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX), an enzyme known to cause cell death in ischemic stroke, on brain injury in a mouse model of SAH.

Methods—

C57Bl6 wild-type mice and
Alox15
knockout mice were subjected to SAH using a direct blood injection technique. In SAH wild-type mice, half received the 12/15-LOX inhibitor ML351 and half received vehicle. Immunohistochemistry, brain edema, blood-brain barrier leakage and functional outcomes were assessed 1 and 3 days after SAH induction.

Results—

SAH led to increased 12/15-LOX in macrophages of the brain parenchyma, adjacent to the subarachnoid blood. Neuronal cell death after SAH was reduced by ML351 and in
Alox15
knockout mice. Similarly, SAH induced brain edema, which was 12/15-LOX dependent. Finally,
Alox15
gene knockout and inhibitor treatment in wild-type mice with SAH led to an improved behavioral outcome.

Conclusions—

12/15-LOX is overexpressed in macrophages after SAH in mice, and inhibition of the 12/15-LOX pathway decreases brain injury and improves neurological outcome. This study suggests 12/15-LOX as a novel therapeutic target to limit brain injury after SAH.
Subthalamic Nucleus Activation Occurs Early during Stopping and Is Associated with Trait Impulsivity
Authors: Yoon Jong H. , Cui Edward Dong Bo , Minzenberg Michael J. , Carter Cameron S.
Published: January 2019

The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is thought to be a central regulator of behavioral inhibition, which is thought to be a major determinant of impulsivity. Thus, it would be reasonable to hypothesize that STN function is related to impulsivity. However, it has been difficult to test this hypothesis because of the challenges in noninvasively and accurately measuring this structure's signal in humans. We utilized a novel approach for STN signal localization that entails identifying this structure directly on fMRI images for each individual participant in native space. Using this approach, we measured STN responses during the stop signal task in a sample of healthy adult participants. We confirmed that the STN exhibited selective activation during “Stop” trials. Furthermore, the magnitude of STN activation during successful Stop trials inversely correlated with individual differences in trait impulsivity as measured by a personality inventory. Time course analysis revealed that early STN activation differentiated successful from unsuccessful Stop trials, and individual differences in the magnitude of STN activation inversely correlated with stop signal RT, an estimate of time required to stop. These results are consistent with the STN playing a central role in inhibition and related behavioral proclivities, with implications for both normal range function and clinical syndromes of inhibitory dyscontrol. Moreover, the methods utilized in this study for measuring STN fMRI signal in humans may be gainfully applied in future studies to further our understanding of the role of the STN in regulating behavior and neuropsychiatric conditions.
Branded Apps and Their Impact on Firm Value: A Design Perspective
Authors: Boyd D. Eric , Kannan P. K. , Slotegraaf Rebecca J.
Published: January 2019

Although firms are increasingly launching branded mobile apps, an understanding of their influence on firm value remains elusive. Using stock market returns to assess firm value, the authors investigate the impact of branded mobile app announcements on such value. Moreover, recognizing that mobile apps generate various touchpoints in the customer journey, the authors also investigate how an app’s design shifts the effects of mobile apps on firm value. In particular, they investigate effects from whether an app emphasizes features related to peer-to-peer interactions about the brand, personal-oriented interactions between a customer and the brand, or the purchase phase itself. They find that the launch of a mobile app increases firm value and that the features emphasized in app design play an important role in such value creation. The study offers important implications regarding the accountability of branded mobile apps and provides direction for marketing theory and practice.
Italian Validation of the Meaning in Life Questionnaire: Factor Structure, Reliability, Convergent, and Discriminant Validity
Authors: Negri Luca , Bassi Marta , Delle Fave Antonella
Published: January 2019

Several studies highlighted the role of meaning in life as a major component of well-being and researchers have developed different measures to assess the features of this construct. In the present study, the psychometric properties of the Meaning in Life Questionnaire were investigated in the Italian context. The Meaning in Life Questionnaire is a 10-item scale measuring perceived presence of and search for meaning in life, conceptualized as two separate factors. The former refers to perceived meaning and purpose in life, the latter to the active commitment to find meaning in life. Participants were 464 adults aged 20 to 60 years ( M = 39.34; SD = 10.86; 54.7% women). Factor structure was inspected through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses using a split-sample approach. Internal consistency was assessed through Cronbach’s alphas, interitem and item-scale correlations. Convergent and discriminant validity with measures of well-being, personality, mental health, and physical health were also evaluated. Factor analyses supported the adequacy of the Meaning in Life Questionnaire two-factor structure in the Italian context; internal consistency measures corroborated the measure’s reliability; and correlation matrix coefficients sustained convergent and discriminant validity. Results showed that the Meaning in Life Questionnaire is a valid and reliable measure to assess meaning in life and its relationship with well-being within the Italian context.
Reducing Risk for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) Through a Preconception Counseling Program for American Indian/Alaska Native Girls: Perceptions From Women With Type 2 Diabetes or a History of GDM
Authors: Stotz Sarah , Charron-Prochownik Denise , Terry Martha Ann , Gonzales Kelly , Moore Kelly ,   For the Stopping GDM Study Group
Published: January 2019

Purpose

American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) women are disproportionately affected by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). GDM is a risk factor for subsequent diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in both mother and offspring, yet there is minimal research being conducted in this population. The purpose of this portion of a larger 5-year study is to examine AIAN women’s experiences of having GDM or T2D during pregnancy, inform the development of a GDM risk reduction and preconception counseling (PC) program tailored to AIAN girls, and enhance mother-daughter communication and support within the program.

Methods

AIAN women with TD2 or a history of GDM (N = 5) were interviewed to understand their unique perspectives on diabetes and pregnancy, behaviors to reduce risk, and content for a PC education program for AIAN girls. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using the constant comparison method to construct themes across the interviews.

Results

Four primary themes were constructed: lack of knowledge on GDM and GDM risk factors, importance of AIAN culture for health and wellness, suggestions for communication with AIAN girls to reduce risk of GDM, and the emotional impact of GDM diagnosis.

Conclusions

Participants wished they had known about risk factors for GDM and how to reduce their own risk of developing GDM. Findings from this study have been used to adapt an existing PC program, originally developed for non-AIAN girls with diabetes, for AIAN girls who do not have diabetes but have risk factors for developing GDM in future pregnancies.
Against Financial Derivatives: Towards an Ethics of Representation
Authors: Hawkes David
Published: January 2019

Financial derivatives dominate the twenty-first century economy. Such instruments are performative signs, in the sense that they do not refer to any substantial use-value but rather carry their value within themselves. Financial derivatives thus represent a movement towards the autonomy of representation in the economic sphere, which parallels the rise of performative representation in linguistics and philosophy. The independent power of signs has historically been subjected to severe ethical criticism. To imagine that signs can do things has always been denounced as magic, idolatry and fetishism. In the economic sphere the autonomous reproduction of financial signs has been criticized as ‘usury.’ In order to achieve an ethical perspective on the rise to power of financial derivatives, and also on the wider power of signs in postmodernity, we would do well to revive such forms of moral semiotics, and to apply them to the autonomous representations of our own era.

JEL: A12, A13, B14, E44, Z13
Not all responses are the same: How CEO cognitions impact strategy when performance falls below aspirations
Authors: Wangrow David B , Kolev Kalin , Hughes-Morgan Margaret
Published: January 2019

This study integrates research on managerial discretion within the behavioral theory of the firm to examine how four CEO psychological traits serving as antecedents of managerial discretion— ambiguity tolerance, cognitive complexity, locus of control, and commitment to the status quo—moderate firm responses to poor performance. Using CEOs’ responses to questionnaires, CEO ambiguity tolerance is found to positively moderate the relationship between negative attainment discrepancy and strategic change when performance is slightly below aspirations, defined as average market return for the firm’s industry. Further, CEOs with greater cognitive complexity are found to engage in more strategic change when performance is farther below aspirations. Thus, this study begins to unpack the role of CEOs’ cognitive makeup on firm responses to performance shortfalls.
The family business, adversity and change: A dynamic capabilities and knowledge-based approach
Authors: Alonso Abel Duarte , Kok Seng , O’Shea Michelle
Published: January 2019

While the growth of family business (FB) research is undisputable, knowledge gaps have been recognized, notably, regarding the lack of a strategic management theory, and a predominance of quantitative over qualitative methods when researchers examine FBs. This study seeks to address these research gaps. First, the study proposes a framework based on the knowledge-based view framework and the dynamic capabilities approach to examine adaptation to adversity and to a changing business environment through the case of Hawkshead Relish Company, a family firm operating in the United Kingdom. Second, it employs a qualitative approach. Face-to-face interviews, on-site observations and archival information of the firm helped reveal the association between dynamic capabilities, knowledge acquisition, networking and innovation. Sensing, seizing and transforming were manifested within and through the organization’s strategy and practice. Overall, the framework emphasizes how the above associations are applicable to family firms when adapting to adversity and change.
Fast four-dimensional tensile test monitored via X-ray computed tomography: Elastoplastic identification from radiographs
Authors: Jailin Clément , Buljac Ante , Bouterf Amine , Hild François , Roux Stéphane
Published: January 2019

A projection-based digital volume correlation method (presented in a companion paper) is extended to an integrated approach for the calibration of an elastoplastic law based on a single radiograph per loading step. Instead of following a two-step sequential procedure (i.e. first, measurement of the displacement field; second, identification), the integrated method aims at identifying few model parameters directly from the gray-level projections. The analysis of an in situ tensile test composed of 127 loading steps performed in 6 min is presented. An isotropic elastoplastic constitutive law with free-form hardening behavior (i.e. controlled by only eight parameters) is identified and shows a ductile behavior (up to 6.3% strain before failure). A large improvement on the residual quality is shown and validates the proposed model and procedure. The obtained displacement fields are similar to those measured with no mechanical integration. A different parameterization of the constitutive law provides a very close result, thereby assessing the robustness of the procedure.
From 1969 to 2018: Relocating historical narratives of displacement during ‘the Troubles’ through the European migrant crisis
Authors: Browne Brendan Ciarán , Asprooth-Jackson Casey
Published: January 2019

From the outset of the Northern Ireland conflict, the internal displacement of civilians from across the sectarian divide became a familiar phenomenon for those seeking to escape inter-communal conflict. In 2018, the legacy of this displacement remains pronounced, with segregation and division a feature of the ‘post-conflict’ landscape. Despite the far-reaching consequence of displacement during the Troubles, there has been little or no consideration of the long-term impact of displacement, with the need for restitution for those who were forced to leave their homes absent from the literature on dealing with the past. It can be argued that as a result, those who were displaced will remain hidden or forgotten victims. In 2016, in response to the growing migration crisis emanating from the Syrian conflict, European countries, including Ireland north and south, were asked to open up borders and provide sanctuary for civilians who had been displaced as a result of violence. The crisis has, in turn, sharpened the potential for those interested in legacy issues surrounding ‘the Troubles’ to begin to reflect more critically on the issue of historical displacement during the Northern Irish conflict. This article will, through reference to the response to the Syrian refugee crisis, critique why the issue of restitution for displaced people during ‘the Troubles’ has not found prominence in the voluminous literature on dealing with the past.
The Psychometric Properties of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) in an Epidemiological Sample of Canadian Youth
Authors: Ferro Mark A.
Published: January 2019

Objective:

This study (1) describes the distribution of Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) scores in an epidemiological sample of youth, (2) reports its item correlations and internal consistency reliability, (3) tests for measurement invariance by age (youth vs. adults) and sex, and (4) examines its predictive power for past-year psychiatric disorders.

Method:

Youth aged 15 to 19 years ( n = 2010) and adults aged 20 to 64 years ( n = 2010) from the Canadian Community Health Survey–Mental Health who completed the K6 were included. Past-year psychiatric disorders were measured using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 (WHO-CIDI). Polychoric correlation matrices and ordinal reliability coefficients were calculated to assess internal consistency of the K6, and confirmatory factor analysis was used to test for measurement invariance. Area under the curves (AUCs) were computed to determine the extent to which the K6 predicted a positive screen on the WHO-CIDI.

Results:

K6 scores showed a J-shaped distribution, with >50% of youth having scores ≤3. Item and total scores were higher for females versus males. Item correlations were robust (0.31-0.78) and internal consistency was high (α = 0.86). Full measurement invariance was demonstrated between youth and adults, as well as between male and female youth. The K6 was a strong predictor of major depressive episode (AUC = 0.848), generalized anxiety disorder (AUC = 0.847), and bipolar disorder (AUC = 0.853).

Conclusions:

The K6 is a valid and reliable measure of psychological distress among youth. Its brevity and robust predictive power for psychiatric disorder confirm its utility in clinical and community settings to identify youth needing comprehensive psychiatric assessment.
A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Evaluation of a Universal Healthy Relationships Promotion Program for Youth
Authors: Exner-Cortens Deinera , Wolfe David , Crooks Claire V. , Chiodo Debbie
Published: January 2019

Bullying and mental health problems are pressing concerns for adolescents. Given their burden, we need to find efficacious ways to prevent these experiences. However, existing prevention programs tend to be single-issue and may not focus on the universal capacities required to reduce these problems among youth. To this end, we evaluated the universal, small groups Healthy Relationships Plus (HRP) program, which focuses on the promotion of positive mental health and the reduction of bullying and substance misuse. A sample of 212 youth from Southwestern Ontario were randomly assigned to the HRP or an attention-control condition over an 8-day period during summer 2014. Primary outcome measures (i.e., most important outcomes for this evaluation) were positive mental health, bullying victimization/perpetration, and substance misuse (alcohol, marijuana). We also examined a mediator (help-seeking) and two moderators (sex, adverse childhood experiences) of main effects. Participation in HRP was associated with reduced odds of physical bullying victimization at 1-year follow-up, compared with adolescents in the attention-control condition. This finding was mediated by increased intention to seek help from a mental health professional following HRP participation. We did not find main effects for positive mental health or substance misuse in this sample; however, there was an interaction effect whereby youth with significant trauma experiences reported less marijuana use at 1-year follow-up compared with control students. Findings reiterate the importance of help-seeking for bullying prevention and demonstrate the preliminary efficacy of the HRP as a universal strategy for preventing bullying victimization among mid-adolescents within school and community settings.
“I Didn’t Need People’s Negative Thoughts”: Women With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Reporting Attitudes Toward Their Pregnancy
Authors: Potvin Lynne A. , Barnett Barbara M. , Brown Hilary K. , Cobigo Virginie
Published: January 2019

Background

Since the illegalization of involuntary sterilization of persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities, there has been an increase in childbearing in this population. However, women with intellectual and developmental disabilities continue to experience prejudicial attitudes toward their pregnancies.

Objective

To analyze the experiences of women with intellectual and developmental disabilities regarding their perceptions of support persons’ attitudes toward their pregnancies.

Methods

Three case studies derived from grounded theory research exploring perinatal social support received by women with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Using inductive content analysis, we further analyzed the perceptions of women with intellectual and developmental disabilities regarding support persons’ attitudes toward their pregnancies. Findings: The nature of interactions with support persons and women’s characteristics, such as help-seeking behaviors, disability, mental illness, and age, influenced support persons’ attitudes toward childbearing. Women preferred support from caregivers perceived as nonjudgmental and tended to restrict contact with persons perceived as prejudicial. However, some attitudes improved following positive interactions with the women. The relationship between support persons’ attitudes and the women’s help-seeking behaviors is thus complex.

Conclusions

Education of families and medical and social services practitioners and opportunities for positive contact should be further explored. Caseworkers of women with intellectual and developmental disabilities may have invaluable roles in facilitating positive interactions between women with intellectual and developmental disabilities and caregivers.
Cooperation and Conflict in Segregated Populations
Authors: Bravo Giangiacomo , Yantseva Victoria
Published: January 2019

Humans behavior often varies depending on the opponent’s group membership, with both positive consequences (e.g., cooperation or mutual help) and negative ones (e.g., stereotyping, oppression, or even genocide). An influential model developed by Hammond and Axelrod (HA) highlighted the emergence of macrolevel “ethnocentric cooperation” from the aggregation of microlevel interactions based on arbitrary tags signaling group membership. We extended this model to include a wider set of agents’ behaviors including the possibility of harming others. This allowed to check whether and under which conditions xenophobia can emerge beside or in alternative to ethnocentric cooperation. The model was compared to Swedish data documenting social unrest and proxies of cooperative behaviors at the municipal level. The validation results supported the model predictions on conflict but not the ones on cooperation, casting doubts on HA’s original argument.
Patterns of Implicit and Explicit Attitudes: I. Long-Term Change and Stability From 2007 to 2016
Authors: Charlesworth Tessa E. S. , Banaji Mahzarin R.
Published: January 2019

Using 4.4 million tests of implicit and explicit attitudes measured continuously from an Internet population of U.S. respondents over 13 years, we conducted the first comparative analysis using time-series models to examine patterns of long-term change in six social-group attitudes: sexual orientation, race, skin tone, age, disability, and body weight. Even within just a decade, all explicit responses showed change toward attitude neutrality. Parallel implicit responses also showed change toward neutrality for sexual orientation, race, and skin-tone attitudes but revealed stability over time for age and disability attitudes and change away from neutrality for body-weight attitudes. These data provide previously unavailable evidence for long-term implicit attitude change and stability across multiple social groups; the data can be used to generate and test theoretical predictions as well as construct forecasts of future attitudes.
On time within an architectural community
Authors: Smitheram Jan , Nakai Kidd Akari
Published: January 2019

The relation between time and architecture is well established and thoroughly explored in architectural discourse. Despite this, examination of social time has been lacking. This paper draws on a survey of 114 architects, academics and students who responded to general questions about practice and occupational wellbeing. A finding of this study was the diverse attachments that different groups in the architectural community have to the temporal norms and infrastructures of work and of studio. Based on this study, the paper demonstrates the heterogeneity that exists in architecture and how its temporal norms are negotiated. It concludes that exposing the heterogeneity of temporal experience across a discipline reminds us that the norms of time are negotiated. Moreover, the temporal experience of the everyday transcends the notion that architects passively ascribe to long-hours work culture.
Validation of a new 2.5D radiographic index evaluating acetabular coverage using ACX software
Authors: Nishikino Shoichi , Koyama Hiroshi , Furuhashi Hiroki , Hoshino Hironobu , Matsuyama Yukihiro
Published: January 2019

Background:

Several radiographic signs have been described to assess acetabular coverage. However, plain radiographs only have 2 dimensions (2D) and cannot accurately show acetabular coverage.

Questions/purposes:

We developed the ACX Dynamics software to calculate the radial centre-edge angle (RCEA), which represents the acetabular coverage of the femoral head at each acetabular edge point on the radial plane. This study validated the accuracy of the RCEA, as calculated by ACX Dynamics, as a quantitative parameter for acetabular coverage.

Patients and methods:

We reviewed the anteroposterior (AP) pelvic radiographs and computed tomography (CT) of 650 hips from 325 patients who presented with chief complaint of symptoms at the hip joint. Of 109 hip radiographs (68 patients) that satisfied the criteria, 50 randomised, blinded AP pelvic radiographs were chosen. We determined the absolute RCEA difference (°) [= RCEA ACX (°) – RCEA CT (°)], determined the correlation between RCEA ACX (°) and RCEA CT (°), and examined the RCEA’s intra-observer and inter-observer reliability in 50 hips.

Results:

The absolute RCEA difference from A45° to P75° was 1.9–3.1°. The correlation between the RCEA ACX (°) and RCEA CT (°) was > 0.7 in all lesions ( p < 0.001). Using the intraclass correlation coefficient, the intra-observer reliability of the RCEA was 0.83–0.97 in the whole range, which is a highly reproducible and reasonable parameter, and the inter-observer reliability was > 0.80 in A45°–P0°.

Conclusions:

The RCEA ACX (°) can be used as a simple quantitative parameter for assessing acetabular coverage using AP pelvic radiograph.
Book Review: Datta, A. and Shaban, A., editors. 2017: Mega-Urbanization in the Global South: Fast Cities and New Urban Utopias of the Postcolonial State
Authors: Gajjar Sumetee Pahwa
Published: January 2019

Datta, A. and Shaban, A., editors. 2017: Mega-Urbanization in the Global South: Fast Cities and New Urban Utopias of the Postcolonial State. New York, NY: Routledge. Series: Routledge studies in urbanism and the city. xii + 224 pp. £ 92. ISBN: 9780415745512 (hardback).
Book Review: Centeno, M., Kohli, A., Yashar, D.J. and Mistree, D., editors. 2017: States in the Developing World
Authors: Taylan Özge
Published: January 2019

Centeno, M., Kohli, A., Yashar, D.J. and Mistree, D., editors. 2017: States in the Developing World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. xviii + 476 pp. $99.99 (Paperback). ISBN: 9781316665657.
Fashion consumers’ channel-hopping profiles by psychographics and demographics
Authors: Lee Stacy H , Jung Sojin
Published: January 2019

Omni-channel retailing has created different shopping paradigms, such as channel hopping, to meet diverse consumer expectations through various channels. Based on the consumer decision-making model, this study explored the typology of consumer groups based on consumers’ channel usage during the entire shopping trip and how each group differs in terms of shopping values, shopping behaviors, perceived benefits, and risks. Using a total of 264 US nationwide consumer responses, we identified four consumer groups that have distinctive channel-hopping patterns; hyperconnected shoppers, traditional shoppers, web shoppers, and webroomers. Our findings revealed unique shopping values and shopping behaviors in each of these categories, as well as perceived risks and benefits among the four groups. This study’s results can serve as empirical evidence to provide better insights to help retailers develop successful omni-channel strategies and also contribute to the omni-channel retailing literature.
Mesoscale model for elastic modulus of warp-knitted fabric-reinforced composites based on spring model
Authors: Dabiryan Hadi , Ashouri Mohammad H
Published: January 2019

In this paper, a ‘mesoscale spring model’ was generated to predict the tensile modulus of warp-knitted fabric-reinforced composites. A previously developed geometrical model was used for generating a mechanical model as a set of series and parallel springs. For this purpose, the unit cell of straight line model was discretized into different segments. Each segment was modelled as a spring with definite constant based on the alignment of yarns in the segment. Warp-knitted fabrics (Queen's Cord) were used as reinforcement of composites. In order to validate the presented model, samples of composites were produced using hand layup method. Tensile tests were carried out on the prepared samples. The comparison between theoretical and experimental elastic modulus showed a reasonable agreement between experimental and theoretical data. Also, the comparison between the results of different models and experimental data showed that the results of spring model are closer to the experimental results than that of Krenchel's model. It can be concluded that the spring model can predict adequately the elastic modulus of composites.
Acute toxicity and teratogenicity of α-mangostin in zebrafish embryos
Authors: Kittipaspallop Wannakarn , Taepavarapruk Pornnarin , Chanchao Chanpen , Pimtong Wittaya
Published: January 2019

α-Mangostin is the most active compound derived from the pericarps of mangosteen. A number of studies have reported its anticancer activity. However, only a few studies have investigated the toxicity of this compound; moreover, the teratogenicity of α-mangostin has not been reported. In this study, we evaluated the effects of α-mangostin on the development of zebrafish embryos. The exposure of zebrafish embryos to α-mangostin for 72 h dose-dependently induced mortality and abnormal development. The derived LC50 value of α-mangostin to zebrafish embryos at 72 h was 5.75 ± 0.26 μmol/L. We observed teratogenic effects in α-mangostin-treated embryos, characterized by axis malformation, bent tail, pericardial edema, yolk sac edema, sluggish circulation, and heart malformation. The percentages of the malformed embryos were 78.79% and 100% at 4.5 and 6 μM, respectively. α-Mangostin exposure also caused hemostasis in the ducts of Cuvier and a decreased heart rate in zebrafish embryos at 48 and 72 h post-fertilization. These results indicated that α-mangostin induced cardiac dysfunction in zebrafish embryos. In addition, a sub-lethal concentration and a lethal concentration (3 and 6 μM, respectively) were used to assess the compound effects on oxidative stress and embryonic erythropoiesis. α-Mangostin was found to decrease the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, hemoglobin staining revealed a decrease in hemoglobin, which suggested that α-mangostin disrupted embryonic erythropoiesis in zebrafish. To our knowledge, the results of this study, for the first time, demonstrated that α-mangostin was potentially teratogenic and could disrupt embryonic ROS balance and erythropoiesis.

Impact statement

α-Mangostin has been reported to have anticancer properties both in vitro and in vivo models. Although there are several studies that evaluated the toxicity of the compound in rodent models, we are the first to evaluate the teratogenicity of α-mangostin. In the present work, we found that α-mangostin induced mortality and malformations in zebrafish embryos. In addition, we exhibited that the compound also disrupted the reactive oxygen species and hemoglobin levels. These findings suggest that α-mangostin may possibly cause the same adverse effects on human health. The mechanisms of these toxicological effects of the compound will be further elucidated and the effects found in zebrafish embryos need to be verified in other animal models.
The Use of Smartphone Applications (Apps) for Enhancing Communication With Surgical Patients: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: De La Cruz Monroy Martha F. I. , Mosahebi Afshin
Published: January 2019

Background. The widespread use and development of smartphones and mHealth apps has the potential to overcome communication deficiencies in health care. Objective. To carry out a literature review of studies that evaluate patients’ experience on the use of perioperative mHealth apps. Methods. An up-to-date systematic review on studies assessing patients’ use of mHealth apps for communicating with the health care team in the perioperative period was performed following the PRISMA statement. Results. Ten studies (in 11 articles) were identified: 8 feasibility studies and 2 randomized controlled trials. Nine studies included apps used for postoperative monitoring while 1 study also provided preoperative guidance. Discussion. An analysis of barriers and motivations of patients and health care professionals to the use of perioperative mHealth apps was performed. Barriers included patients’ lack of confidence when using apps and potential lack of time from health care professionals to monitor information submitted by patients. Motivations included patients’ sense of being looked after and potential cost-effectiveness and increased efficiency of health care services. This analysis led to the concept of the “ideal app” that would need to be developed following adequate protocols and security standards. Features of the ideal app include preoperative advice on medications and investigations, information on surgery, and a remote follow-up tool to improve safety and to minimize unnecessary clinic appointments and associated costs. Conclusion. There is an overall positive impression of the use of perioperative mHealth apps. However, further studies are required to assess the impact that they have on patients’ care and healthcare professional services.
Robot-Assisted Aortic Valve Replacement Using a Novel Sutureless Bovine Pericardial Prosthesis Proof of Concept as an Alternative to Percutaneous Implantation
Authors: Suri Rakesh M. , Burkhart Harold M. , Schaff Hartzell V.
Published: January 2019

Objective

Percutaneous aortic valve implantation within native valve calcium has progressed to clinical use despite the absence of data proving equivalence to complete surgical excision and prosthetic valve replacement. A novel self-expanding sutureless bovine pericardial prosthesis (Sorin Perceval) derived from a proven stented valve has been successfully used in humans recently through an open transaortic approach. We sought to develop a minimally invasive technique for native aortic valve excision and sutureless prosthetic aortic valve replacement using robot assistance.

Methods

The da Vinci S-HD system was used to open and suspend the pericardium anterior to the phrenic nerve in cadavers. A transthoracic cross-clamp was placed across the midascending aorta, following which a transverse aortotomy was made. The native aortic valve cusps were excised, and annular calcium was removed with robotic instruments. After placement of three guide sutures, the Perceval self-expanding pericardial prosthesis mounted on a flexible delivery system was inserted through a working port and lowered into the aortic annulus.

Results

Successful implantation of all valves was possible using a 3-cm right second intercostal space working port, along with two additional 1-cm instrument ports. A standard transverse aortotomy was sufficient for examination/debridement of the native aortic valve cusps, sizing of the annulus, and deployment of the nitinol-stented, bovine pericardial prosthesis. Delivery, seating, and stability of the device were easily confirmed above and below the aortic valve annulus using the robotic camera.

Conclusions

Complete excision of diseased native aortic valve cusps with robot assistance facilitates accurate and reproducible aortic valve replacement using a novel self-expanding sutureless version of a proven bovine pericardial prosthesis. This approach is comparable to the current surgical gold standard and is ready for clinical use as an alternative to percutaneous aortic valve implantation.
Quadricuspid Aortic Valve Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiograph Image
Authors: Kane Lauren , Puskas John D.
Published: January 2019

Quadricuspid aortic valve is an extremely rare congenital anomaly. In Quadricuspid aortic valve, the aortic valve has four distinct leaflets. The most common type A variant has four equal cusps. The most common presentation is aortic insufficiency. A 70-year-old woman and a 32-year-old man presented to our practice in a 3-month time span were described here.
Evaluation of a Novel Cryoablation System: In vivo Testing in a Chronic Porcine Model
Authors: Weimar Timo , Lee Anson M. , Ray Shuddhadeb , Schuessler Richard B. , Damiano Ralph J.
Published: January 2019

Objective

Cryoablation is commonly used at present in the surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, there have been few studies examining the efficacy of the commonly used ablation devices. This report compares the efficacy of two cryoprobes in creating transmural endocardial lesions on the beating heart in a porcine model for chronic AF.

Methods

In six Hanford miniature swine, the right atrial appendage and the inferior vena cava were isolated using a bipolar radiofrequency clamp to create areas of known conduction block. A connecting ablation line was performed endocardially via a purse string with the novel malleable 10-cm Cryo1 probe for 2 minutes at −40°C. Additional ablation lines were created with the Cryo1 and the 3.5-cm 3011 Maze Linear probe on the right and the left atrial wall. Epicardial activation mapping was performed before and immediately after ablation as well as 14 days postoperatively. Histologic examination was performed 14 days postoperatively.

Results

Transmural lesions were confirmed in 83/84 cross-sections (99%) for the Cryo1 probe and in 40/41 cross-sections (98%) for the 3011 Maze Linear probe. There was no difference between the devices in lesion width (mean ± SD, Cryo1, 10.7 ± 3.5 mm; 3011, 10.0 ± 3.9mm; P = 0.31), lesion depth (Cryo1, 4.5 ± 1.7 mm; 3011, 4.6 ± 1.5 mm; P = 0.74), or atrial wall thickness (Cryo1, 4.5 ± 1.8 mm; 3011, 4.7 ± 1.7 mm; P = 0.74). There was a conduction delay across the right atrial ablation line (20 ± 2 milliseconds vs 51 ± 8 milliseconds, P < 0.001) that remained unchanged at 14 days (51 ± 8 milliseconds vs 52 ± 10 milliseconds, P = 0.88).

Conclusions

The Cryo1 probe created transmural lesions on the beating heart, resulting insustained conduction delay. Both probes had a similar performance in lesion geometry in this chronic animal model.
Papillary Muscle Sling Placement for Functional Mitral Regurgitation during Minimally Invasive Valve Surgery
Authors: Benjo Alexandre M. , Macedo Franscisco Y.B. , Santana Orlando , Lamelas Joseph
Published: January 2019

Herein, we report a case of a 39-year-old woman with an 18-month history of peripartum cardiomyopathy. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed severe functional mitral regurgitation and a left ventricular ejection fraction of 20%. Despite optimal medical therapy, she was in New York Heart Association heart failure class IV, with dyspnea on minimal exertion. The patient underwent minimally invasive mitral valve repair with placement of a papillary muscle sling, which improved her symptoms.