bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Okul Müdürlerinin Okul Yönetiminde Karşılaştıkları Yönetsel Sorunların Araştırılması
Authors: Pekaz Yunus
Published: February 2023

The aim of this study is to determine the management problems faced by primary school principals and to develop solutions to the problems encountered in school management as a result of the findings. The research is a qualitative research with a phenomenological pattern in terms of the techniques used in data collection. The study group of the research consists of school principals working in public schools in Arnavutköy district of Istanbul province under the Ministry of National Education in the 2020-2021 academic year. Maximum variation sampling method, one of the purposive sampling methods, was used to collect data from the study group. An interview form was used as a data collection tool and 28 school principals were interviewed. Codings were created according to the similarity of the answers given in the interview. School administrators were given a code and their views on the problems they encountered were included. The data were analyzed by determining the themes and sub-themes and the results were interpreted. According to the results of the research, school principals face many problems in school management. Inadequacy of auxiliary personnel in schools, inadequacy of course materials, problems experienced in student enrollment and continuation, not being able to support schools economically, not being able to allocate time for education due to physical deficiencies are the most common problems Key Words: School Principal, School Management, Administrative Problems
Persahabatan Inkarnatif Dalam Mempertahankan Solidaritas Masyarakat Pada Acara Slametan
Authors: Suripatty Legia , Takaliuang Jammes Junaedy
Published: February 2023

Tujuan penelitian: Menganalisis keyakinan warga mempertahankan tradisi Slametan, proses kegiatannya, sebagai media interaksi dan komunikasi dimana terjadi perjumpaan antara komunitas Islam dan Kristen, maka persahabatan Inkarnatif menjadi model pendekatan dalam mempertahankan solidaritas. Metode penelitiannya kualitatif dan kajian literatur. pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan observasi. Hasil penelitian: (1) Tradisi Slametan masih menjadi keyakinan warga, karena memaknai keselamatan, sebagai waktu yang sakral, saat terbaik untuk mengirim doa kepada arwah keluarga, (2) sarana mengumpulkan warga saling berinteraksi. (3) Proses pelaksanaannya pada tiga pedukuhan (Tambuh, Songgoriti dan Krajan / Klumutan) di rumah dan mushola kemudian diakhiri di ruang serbaguna kelurahan Songgokerto (4) Slametan sebagai media komunikasi untuk berinteraksi antar individu, (5) Perilaku tradisi ini berfungsi mempertahankan solidaritas.
A Study on the Role of Lactulose on Hepatic Encephalopathy Among Cirrhotic Patients with Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Khan Asfand-E-Yar , Karim Rashid , Memon Ehsan Rahim , Asghar Amna , Aziz Hafiz Muhammad Imran , Qurshi Waqas
Published: February 2023

Aim: To determine the efficacy of lactulose as prophylaxis on hepatic encephalopathy among cirrhotic patients of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Material and methods: We carried out this randomized control trial in multi centers including Mian Rashid Hussain Shaheed Memorial Hospital Pabbi Nowshera. KPK and Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad from February 2022 to July 2022 (06 months) with total no of 80 patients. Group A patients received lactulose while group B patients received sweet syrup placebo. Both groups were assessed for Hepatic encephalopathy as primary outcome. Chi Square test was used for assessment of outcomes between both groups keeping P value < 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: Eighty patients were divided into two groups equally using lottery method. Group A patients received lactulose treatment while group B patients received placebo. The mean age in group A was 44.36±15.37 years while the mean age in group B was 38.71±18.56 years. Hepatic encephalopathy was observed in 2.5% patients in group A while in group B 10% patients had HE, the difference was statistically significant. Diarrhea, abdominal pain and mortality between both groups were no statistically significant. Conclusion: Lactulose is effective in preventing hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis and an acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Keywords: Lactulose, hepatic encephalopathy, cirrhosis, acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Outcomes of Intertrochanteric Fractures in Patients Managed with Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation
Authors: Afsar Sardar Sohail , Ali Akbar , Rehman Yaqoob Ur
Published: February 2023

Background: The older population is quite susceptible to intertrochanteric fractures. These fractures generally affect elderly patients with several medical conditions and eventually result in the patient losing their functional independence. Different treatment modalities are used for the management of proximal femoral fractures.s Objective: Outcomes of intertrochanteric fractures in patients managed with Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation Methodology: The current study was descriptive study carried out at the orthopedic department, Qazi Hussain Ahmad Medical College, Nowshera from June 2021 to June 2022. All the enrolled patients were operated under an image intensifier by Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation. Consultations after surgery were planned every two weeks for the first month, and then every month for the next six months. Radiographs were used to evaluate the radiological union at each visit. The functional outcome was determined with Harris Hip Score. SPSS version 23 was used to enter and analyze all of the data. Results: In the current study, totally 40 patients with intertrochanteric fractures were enrolled. The male participants in this study were 12 (30%) while female patients were 28 (70%). In all of our enrolled patients, radiological union occurs in a mean (SD) duration of 14.9 (2) weeks. The functional outcome in our study, based on Harris Hip Score was excellent in 12 (30%) patients, good in 18 (45%), fair in 8 (20%) patients and poor in 2 (5%) patients. Conclusion: Our study concludes that management of intertrochanteric fractures with proximal femoral nail antirotation is an effective procedure for excellent and good functional outcomes and less post-operative complication. Keywords: intertrochanteric fractures; Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation; functional outcomes
Comparison of Functional Outcome and Union of Proximal Humerus Fractures Fixed with Philos Plate Versus T Plate
Authors: Iqbal Zahid , Haider Muhammad Imran , Anjum Muhammad Imran , Mazari Muhammad Ishfaq , Afzal Rana Muhammad Javaid , Ronaq Rana Shahid Waseem
Published: February 2023

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences between PHILOS and T plates in terms of functional recovery and fracture union after proximal humerus fractures. Study Design: Prospective study Place and Duration: Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bawalpur/Nishtar Hospital, Nishtar Medical University, Multan. Jun 2020-January 2022 Methods: There were a total of 48 patients, both sexes, ranging in age from 20 to 75. All the included patients had humerus fractures and admitted to hospital for operation. Age, sex, BMI, fracture aetiology, and fracture side were recorded together with other pertinent demographic information after obtaining written consent from the patients. Patients were equally divided in two groups. Group I received Proximal Humerus Internal Locking System (PHILOS) in 24 cases and group II 24 cases received T platting. Patients were followed for 12-months. Post-operative functional and union outcomes among both groups were assessed. We used SPSS 26.0 to analyze all data. Results: There were 36 (75%) male patients and 12 (25%) females among all cases. In group I mean age was 47.9±8.42 years with mean BMI 23.6±4.23 kg/m2 while in group II mean age was 50.3±7.29 years and had mean BMI 24.5±3.42 kg/m2.RTA was the most common etiology found in group I 13 cases and 12 cases in group II. Right was the most common affected side among all cases 15 in group I and 14 in group II. Mean operative time of T plates 131.3±12.16 minutes were higher as compared to PHILOS 121.2±17.40 minutes. Blood loss was also higher in T plates as compared to PHILOS with p value <0.003. As per functional results, group I showed higher frequency of excellent and good results (16.7%, 54.2%) as compared to group II (8.3%, 41.7%). Mean union time was lower in group I 11.6±5.33 weeks as compared to group II 15.8±2.52 weeks. Post-operative complications by using T plates were found higher 6 (25%) as compared to group PHILOS group 3 (12.5%). Conclusion: We concluded in this study that PHILOS platting for the fixation of proximal humerus fractures were effective and useful in terms of less blood loss, less operative time, less union time and higher number of excellent and good results as compared to T platting. Except this complications were also found lower in PHILOS platting group. Keywords: Proximal Humerus Fracture, PHILOS Plate, T Plate, Complications, Functional outcomes
Histopathological Spectrum of Phyllodes Tumor of Breast in a Tertiary Health Care Center: A 5-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Kainat Parsa , Khan Muhammad Rahil , Sindhu Sorath , Memon Riyasat Ahmed , Nohri Zahid Ali , Anmol Maryam
Published: February 2023

Objectives: This study was done to evaluate the histopathological spectrum of phyllodes tumor of breast in women of various age groups. Study design: Cross-sectional descriptive study Place and Duration: This cross-sectional study was done at the Department of histopathology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan. 2017-2021. Methods: Total 178 cases of phyllodes tumors were retrospectively identified. The clinical history of patients was taken from computer storage data followed by review of microscopic slides by two histopathologists. Excel 2021 and SPSS 22 were used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean age was 35.37±11.74 (range 12-70 years). Most of the cases were of benign phyllodes tumors 55.1%(n=98). Maximum number of cases were of the age groups 30-39 years (36.5%(n=65). Two cases of malignant phyllodes tumor were noted in age groups 11-20 years. Conclusion: Phyllodes tumor of breast is more common in 3rd decade. A multidisciplinary approach including complete and thorough clinical examination, careful histopathologic evaluation should be done to ensure prompt treatment to patients. Keywords: Phyllodes tumor, Fibroepithelial lesion, Histopathologic examination
Inadequate Care During the Management of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence and Associated Characteristics
Authors: Ruidar Syed Bakht , Rizwan Zainab , Bashir Amir , Khan Nadiya , Khan Muhammad Sajid , Mansoor Yasir
Published: February 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study is to provide light on the reasons for and outcomes of inadequate treatment for type 2 diabetes. Study Design: Retrospective study Place and Duration: This Retrospective study was conducted at Fazaia Medical College Islamabad in the period from May, 2022 to October, 2022. Methods: Total 178 patients of T2 diabetes mellitus were presented. Age of the included cases were between 20-70 years. Informed written consent was obtained from all participants before to recording their demographic information, which included details such as comorbidities, body mass index (BMI), age, and smoking status. Lifestyle management, vaccination, pharmaceutical therapy, laboratory assessment, and physical examination are the five areas used to define inadequate care. SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze all data. Results: In all, ninety-eight (55.1%) cases were males and eighty (44.9%) cases were females. The mean age among patients was 53.13±5.44 years having mean BMI 26.11±6.76 kg/m2. Majority of the cases 78 (43.8%) were had poor socio-economic status. 45 (25.3%) cases were smokers and HTN was found in 76 (42.7%) cases. Frequency of inadequate life style management 44 (24.7%), inadequate immunization 60 (33.7%), inadequate pharmacological therapy 80 (44.9%), inadequate physical examination 72 (40.4%) and inadequate laboratory tests were 48 (26.96%). Overall inadequate care was found in 135 (75.8%) cases. Conclusion: Treatment of type 2 diabetes is plagued by widespread problems due to inadequate care. It was shown that over 75.8% of people experienced at least one form of subpar care out of a possible five. Systematic, medical professional, and individual variables were all linked to subpar care delivery. Keyboards: T2 DM, Adherence and Compliance, Diabetes Care
Frequency of Urinary Tract Infection in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Kakar Yousaf , Bushra Sana , Shoaib Maryam , Haq Mehboob Ul , Khattak Noor Ul Haram , Fatima Sumaya , Azhar Muhammad Ahtisham , Naseer Muhammad Awais
Published: February 2023

Background: The incidence of cerebral palsy ranges from 2 to 25 per 1000 live birth. Both low birth weight and premature birth are significant contributors to the development of cerebral palsy. According to various studies, children with cerebral palsy are susceptible to urinary tract infections Objective: To find out the frequency of urinary tract infection in children with cerebral palsy Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out at the Pediatrics department Sandeman Provincial Hospital Quetta from January 2022 to July 2022. The research included all CP children who met the inclusion requirements and reported a fever. Two clean midstream urine samples were collected from each child and forwarded to the hospital laboratory for the purpose of identifying UTIs. All the information was entered into a predesigned proforma. For the analysis of data, IBM SPSS version 23 was used. Results: In this study, totally 60 children were included. The male children in our study were 42 (70%) while female children were 18 (30%). The mean age (±SD) was 8 (±2.15) years. The overall prevalence of urinary tract infection in children with cerebral palsy was 20 (33.33%). Conclusion: Our study concluded that the prevalence of urinary tract infection in children with cerebral palsy was high. This high prevalence might be due to immobility. Keywords: Frequency; Urinary tract infection; cerebral palsy
Comparison Between Recovery Profiles of Total Propofol Anesthesia and Total Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Sultan Anum , Ali Hamza Bin , Ashraf Samina , Khan Kiran Riaz , Khurshid Hana , Kashif Ali
Published: February 2023

Objective: To compare propofol and sevoflurane anesthesia in terms of mean extubation time among patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial Study Setting: National Hospital and Medical Centre, Lahore Sampling Technique: Consecutive non-probability sampling Study duration: 06-02-18 to 06-08-18 Methodology: The cases with age range of 16 to 60 years of either gender with ASA status 1 and 2 undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included. group A was given propofol and group B sevoflurane in standard dose and they were assessed for mean extubation time. Results: In the present study there were total 60 cases with 30 in each group. There were 14 (46.67%) males in group A vs 16 (53.33%) in group B. The mean age in the group A was 40.03±13.68 years while in group B was 36.83±10.64 years. Mean BMI was 25.27±2.05 vs 25.43±1.85 in group A and B respectively. There were 19 (63.33%) cases in ASA class 1 in group A and 16 (53.33%) in group B. Mean extubation time in group A and B was 7.16±2.80 vs 3.68±0.87 with p= 0.0001. Mean time of extubation was significantly longer in group A in terms of gender, age and ASA class. Conclusion: Mean extubation time was significantly shorter in group B managed by Sevoflurane as compared to Propofol and this difference was statistically significant in terms of all the variables in the form of age, gender and ASA class. Thus sevolflurane anaesthesia is superior to propofol. Keywords: Anesthesia, Sevoflurane, Propofol, Extubation Time, ASA Status.
Use of Swearing Words of Young Multicultural Students: A Sociolinguistics Study
Authors: Setyaningtias Shela , Heriyanto Eko , Muhid Ahmad
Published: February 2023

In today’s modern era, it has become a common phenomenon to hear swearing words that are often spoken by people around us, as well as UNAKI students who live in dormitories and come from various regions. Lack of education about the use of swearing words, makes them quite often use these swearing words in daily conversation with their friends because they are young and vulnerable. Therefore, educating them about the dangers of swearing words is very much needed for the sake of the better quality of the younger generation. The aim is to analyze the use of swearing words that are often spoken by UNAKI students living in dormitories and to analyze the function of swearing words used by UNAKI students living in dormitories. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research design. The population in this study was all students who lived in dormitories. 20 teenagers were sampled with 5 people from each area consisting of Lampung, Kalimantan, Medan, and Papua. The research data were obtained by observation, interviews, note-taking, and simak methods. The result of this research is that there are five types of swearing words used by UNAKI students who live in dormitories: obscenity, abusive, blasphemy, expletive, and humorous. They use swearing words to express their indescribable feelings such as anger, annoyance, and show intimacy in a friendship relationship. The conclusion is that the swearing words used by UNAKI students who live in dormitories have five types and three functions.
EFS Program to Enhance Students' Speaking Skills For Daily Conversation
Authors: Sa’diyah Ma'rifatul Halimatus , Purpitasari Desi
Published: February 2023

This study aims to investigate implementing the "English for School" program at M.A.N. 1 Bandar Lampung. The method used in this research washe descriptive qualitative method. The data source was students, tutors, and teachers in M.A.N. 1, the Bandarlampung academic year 2022/2023, through direct observation, interviews, and documentation of learning outcomes. The discussion and the observation aimed to gather information from the students, English teachers, and English tutors. The consultation with teachers, tutors, and students shows that the "English for School" program is well used to improve students' speaking skills, including the vocabulary and expressions related to daily conversation. Besides, the observation result found that student's confidence in speaking skills improved because of more practicing in English Area, especially with the tutors, and presenting something in English in front of the class during the program. The program could motivate and stimulate the students to use English in daily activities with anyone, anywhere.
EFL Learners’ Difficulties in Speaking English
Authors: Normawati Afi , Nugrahaeni Dwitiya Ari , Kusuma Hadi Manggolo Noor Sahid , Susanto Allvian Ika Fiki
Published: February 2023

This study aims to investigate the difficulties faced by EFL leaners’ in speaking English. The identification of the difficulties covers the six aspects of speaking skill, namely, pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, fluency, comprehension, and task. The The participants of the study were the first semester non-English Department students of Universitas Tidar who took English as General Course Class. The research data were collected from the students’ spoken production and responses to the questionnaire. The results of the study show that there are three major difficulties identified from the students’ responses. They are grammar (48%), pronunciation (27%), vocabulary (12%), and the other aspects less than 10%.
Structural elucidation of a lactam isolated from Bunchosia glandulifera and antioxidant activity
Authors: Blank Daiane Einhardt , Demuner Antonio Jacinto , Baía Vitor Cunha , Alvarenga Elson Santiago , Cerceau Cristiane Isaac , Moura Neusa Fernandes de
Published: February 2023

3,6-Diidropiridin-2(1H)-ona foi isolado do extrato das sementes de Bunchosia glandulifera e D-mannitol isolado do extrato da polpa. A elucidação estrutural da 3,6-diidropiridin-2(1H)-ona foi realizada empregando os métodos espectrométricos. Cálculos teóricos dos deslocamentos químicos de RMN de 1H e 13C para três estruturas candidatas foram realizados. Os deslocamentos químicos calculados foram comparados com os valores experimentais empregando o método estatístico DP4. A probabilidade de DP4 para carbono e hidrogênio foi de 100% para a estrutura candidata R1 (3,6-diidropiridin-2(1H)-ona), confirmando a estrutura proposta pela interpretação dos dados espectrométricos. Atividade antioxidante dos compostos isolados foi avaliada in vitro, usando o método ácido 2,2-azino-bis(3-etilbenzotiazolina-6-sulfônico) (ABTS), 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH), redução do ferro (FRAP) e poder redutor.
The Net Promoter Score with Friends and Family Test applied to arthroscopic shoulder surgery
Authors: Monu Jabbal , Sunil Sharma
Published: February 2023

Background: The Friends and Family Test (FFT) developed by the UK National Health Service evaluates whether patients are satisfied with a service provided, where improvements are needed, and how likely patients are to recommend the intervention. Calculated from the FFT, the Net Promoter Score (NPS) creates a recommendation metric for treatment. The primary aim of this prospective study is to evaluate NPS for arthroscopic subacromial decompression (ASD) and rotator cuff repair (RCR). Secondary aims are to postoperatively evaluate 1-year changes in patients’ Oxford Shoulder Scores (OSSs) in terms of the proportion of patients satisfied with their surgery and correlation with FFT. Methods: During a 2-year period, all patients undergoing ASD or RCR completed questionnaires prospectively. Collected preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 year.Results : NPSs were 31 for ASD (n=32) and 52 for RCR (n=39). OSSs increased by 4.3 and 6.9 for ASD and RCR, respectively (P<0.001). Overall, 75% of ASD and 77% of RCR patients were either “satisfied” or “very satisfied,” respectively, with procedure outcomes. Scores from FFT had a positive correlation with improvement in OSS and satisfaction scores among patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgeries (P<0.001). Conclusions: The current study shows positive NPS outcomes in patients with ASD and RCR. Scores from FFT correlate well with both satisfaction and OSS among patients. NPS can be an adjunct to traditional patient-reported outcome measures to provide global evaluation of patient experiences to aid in determining the clinical value of common procedures in shoulder orthopaedics.
Comparative Study of the Effect of Field Practices on the Fuel Properties of Groundnut Kernels Biodiesel
Authors: Edema S. O. , Ekperi R. E. , Akpokodje O. I. , Agbabi P. E. O.
Published: February 2023

The impact of pre-harvest treatments (field practices) on the fuel (biodiesel) properties produced from groundnut kernels was evaluated in this work. Ahigh-quality oil-yielding groundnut hybrid (SAMNUT 11) was grown under five different soil treatment regimes. The regimes were organic and conventional, though the treatment concentrations were systematically varied. Biodiesels produced from matured kernels (for the different treatment plans) were tested following the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) International and European Biodiesel (EN) procedures. Results obtained revealed that the biodiesel density ranged between 856 kg/m3 and 869 kg/m3, the acid value ranged between 0.695% and 1.118%, the iodine value ranged from 27.54 mg/L to 34.63 mg/L, the phosphorus concentration varied from 8.21 mg/L to 10.25 mg/L, the ester content ranged between 91.87% and 98.34%, and the alkali metals varied from 2.143 mg/L to 3.428 mg/L. All biodiesel produced fromthe pre-harvest treated kernels met the EN-ISO 12185 and EN 14213 standards for densities and ester contents, respectively. It was observed that the T2 and T3 acid values were 0.871% and 0.695%, respectively, while the T4 and T5 acid values were 1.033% and 1.118%, respectively, and all failed to meet both ASTM and EN standards, though the organically produced kernel’s biodiesels had better prospects. Furthermore, it was observed that the iodine values of the biodiesels, obtained from the five treatment plans, were within the EN 14214 approved standards for biodiesel. The findings portrayed that the organic manurehad a more positive impact on the groundnut kernels, compared to groundnut grown with fertilizers. As observed from the results, the biodiesel produced from the organic kernels hada better fuel quality than that acquired from the convectional kernels.
Artificial intelligence (AI) applied to public management
Authors: Yolvi Ocaña-Fernández , Luis Alex Valenzuela-Fernández , Miguel Angel Vera-Flores , Raúl Alberto Rengifo-Lozano
Published: February 2023

The implementation of systems based on artiﬁcial intelligence (AI) has passed the barrier of the academic field and due to its potentialities has been developing in other fields such as public management so there is an urgent need to have an updated overview in this regard. This article aims to address the analysis of AI by highlighting its transcendence in the field of management, public administration and government, highlighting the signiﬁcant opportunities, impact assessment and the potential posed by AI. The present review provides a panoramic and signiﬁcative overview about AI and its impact on the field of management and public administration, about its achievements, as well as sensitive controversies. Finally, the critical opportunities and challenges of AI application in the public sector are shown.
THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE CHARACTERISTICS AND LEADERSHIP STYLE ON THE LEVEL OF JOB SATISFACTION OF PEUNAWA RAHMAT MEULABOH PHARMACY EMPLOYEES
Authors: Khairul Adami Kasim  , Arif Murti Rozamuri
Published: February 2023

The main issue of this proposal is the poor Customer Experience of Indihome customers in an era that is "forced" digitally faster amid covid conditions, including temporary and partial service handling, corrective solution approaches, inaccurate determination of root cause analysis, negative sentiment on social media and many customer problems that are not complete end to end but are more escalated to people known in the company Telkom so that transdisipliner research is needed to solve this complex problem in the digital era and post-disciplinary approach. Data will be obtained from the voice of the customer, in the form of customer complaints and expectations. This customer voice will later be analyzed related to Telkom's frontline services, how they resolve customer requests, how IT Tools connects frontline services with back rooms or network handling in Telkom companies, as well as digital infrastructure that supports customer experience improvement. The strategy carried out is to explore the voice of the customer, the approach to the customer is carried out by dividing into 7 customer journeys when connected with telecommunications companies. By studying this and looking for the best solution, Telkom will be able to provide satisfaction to customers and improve customer experience will reduce the number of customers who withdraw, increase revenue and ultimately win the Global competition in the field of Telecommunications in accordance with the 6 principles of The Rhizome.
De prijs van vergelding
Authors: Wermink Hilde , Been Jim , Schuyt Pauline , van Wijck Peter , Blokland Arjan
Published: February 2023

The price of retribution: A framework for determining the willingness to pay for prison sentences

Retribution is an important punishment goal in the legal system. However, the price society pays for retribution is currently unknown. In this contribution, we develop a new framework for determining the price of retribution. We do this on the basis of criminal cases in which judges impose prison sentences of up to 6 months while they could have opted for a community service order. This despite the fact that community service leads to lower costs and less recidivism. Our calculations estimate the annual cost of retribution at over 400 million euros per year. This is approximately 45 euros per taxpayer per year, and is most likely a lower bound of the actual costs.
Editorial
Authors: Watch Bhutan
Published: February 2023

This issue of the Bhutan Journal has focused partly on language─ the most specifically the changing needs and status of the language of the Bhutanese diaspora. When the Royal Government of Bhutan wanted to reduce its potential political opposition, one of the major criteria in its target list was Nepali language and its users. The evicted people- who were mostly of Nepalese descent- reached Nepal where they reinvigorated their skills in Nepali language and literature that had almost extinguished in Bhutan. During their migration for resettlement, for many literate people, Nepali language or literature was the only possession they carried with them.
Identity, Culture, and National Interest: A Pragmatic Application of Constructivist Theory to the Lhotshampa Expulsion
Authors: Pleace James
Published: February 2023

The Bhutanese state has constructed their identity, domestically and internationally, against the Lhotshampa people, a broadly Hindu Bhutanese-Nepali people, who feature as the ‘Other’ in the process of identity construction. This group of marginalised people has been expelled from Bhutan through ethnic cleansing. The monarchy and ruling elite see the Lhotshampa as a threat to their power and have imposed policies designed to homogenise Bhutan. We explore this Bhutanese construction of identity.
Post-resettlement Bhutanese Poetry: A Thematic Content Analysis through Natural Language Processing
Authors: Gautam Ramesh , Dahal Shivalal , Gautam Khemraj
Published: February 2023

Interpretation of poetry is generally based on qualitative analysis of semantics, figurative language and expression, and knowledge about the author and literary elements. Recent advancements in computer-based text processing allow us to analyse a large amount of text quantitatively. This paper presents two useful aspects of literary analysis. Firstly, it interprets the social, cultural, and contemporary aspects of Bhutanese people’s lives after resettlement represented through poetry. Secondly, it presents NLP as a methodological technique in analysing literary texts written in the Nepali language.
Secular Aesthetics in Bhutanese-Nepali Poems
Authors: Shrestha Taralal
Published: February 2023

This research attempts to explore secular aesthetics reflected in Punarwaspachhika Bhutani Nepali Kavita, an anthology of Nepali poems representing post-resettlement Bhutanese-Nepali literature published by Nepal Academy in 2022. Finding secular aesthetics in Bhutanese-Nepali literature is very rare. This qualitative research primarily explores secular aesthetics in the post-resettlement Bhutanese Nepali representative poems. The anthology has been assessed from the notion of hegemony and counter-hegemony and analysed their historicity.
Use of Mathematical Equations to Estimate Leaf Area of Psidium Cattleyanum
Authors: Abreu Caio Castro , Oliveira Lucas Almeida de , Moreira Rafaela Fagioli , Silva Rhayan Gabriel de Sousa , Oliveira Vinicius De Souza , Santos Ana Valéria Lima , Pinheiro Ana Paula Braido , Schmildt Omar , Fernandes Adriano Alves , Schmildt Edilson Romais
Published: February 2023

The objective of this study was to adjust a mathematical equation to estimate the leaf area of Psidium cattleyanum from the linear dimensions of the leaves. For that, 260 leaves were digitized and the length (L), width (W), product of the multiplication of length and width (LW) and observed leaf area (OLA) were obtained. First degree linear, quadratic and power model equations were fitted, where the OLA was used with the response variable as a function of L, W or LW as an explanatory variable. All models were validated with a sample of 50 separate leaves for this purpose.  Thus, the first-degree linear model equation  obtained from the product of multiplying the leaf length and width can be used accurately and without the need to destroy the leaves to estimate the leaf area of Psidium cattleyanum.
Mathematical models in determining leaf area in eggplant and scarlet eggplant seedlings
Authors: Hell Leonardo Raasch , Oliveira Vinicius De Souza , Santos Karina Tiemi Hassuda dos , Santos Gleyce Pereira , Schmildt Omar , Czepak Marcio Paulo , Arantes Sara Dousseau , Schmildt Edilson Romais
Published: February 2023

The objective of this study was to obtain the best mathematical equation that estimates the leaf area seedlings of eggplant (Solanum melongena) and scarlet eggplant (Solanum gilo Raddi) through the linear dimensions of the leaves. Leaves of seedlings produced in a protected environment in the horticulture sector of the Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo – Campus Itapina, Colatina, in the Northwest region of the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil, were used. At 45 days after sowing, the length (L) along the midrib and the maximum width (W) of the leaf blade were determined, the product of the multiplication between the length and width (LW) and the observed leaf area (OLA). With the measurements in hand, the first degree linear model equations were obtained, potencyand its respective coefficient of determination. it was foundby analysis of covariance the possible adequacy of only one model to meet the two species. The models were validated, through a sample of leaves intended for this purpose, where their values of L, W and LW were substituted in the modeling equations, obtaining the estimated leaf area (ELA). A simple linear equation was fitted ELA and OLA. The hypotheses H0: β0 = 0 versus Ha: β0 ≠ 0 and H0: β1 = 1 versus Ha: β1 ≠ 1 were tested by Student's t test at 5% probability. The mean absolute error (MAE) and the root mean square error (RMSE) were also determined for all equations. The power () and exponential () model equations better predicted the area of eggplant and scarlet eggplant leaves, being the most recommended for these species.
Evaluation of Internationalized Education in Vocational Colleges Based on CIPP Model: Logic, Structure and Mechanism
Authors: Yang Juan , Wang Linyang , Duan Xiaoxiao
Published: February 2023

Internationalization of higher vocational education is an inevitable option to promote the construction of the community with a shared future for mankind, One Belt And One Road and modern vocational education. However, the weakness of international cooperation in higher vocational education in China is difficult to meet the needs of The Times. In order to effectively promote the internationalization of higher vocational connotation development, we must have quality evaluation to escort. Because CIPP evaluation can meet the developmental exploration, complexity management and origin requirements of international cooperative education in higher vocational colleges through the three-dimensional focus of "promoting construction by evaluation", "promoting management by evaluation" and "promoting teaching by evaluation". Therefore, CIPP evaluation was taken as the thinking benchmark to construct the infrastructure of CIPP evaluation for international cooperative education in higher vocational colleges centering on the three elements of principles, measures and indicators. Besides, the operating mechanism of CIPP evaluation model for international cooperative education in higher vocational colleges was built by taking participants, platform construction and institutional guarantee as the breakthrough points.
Analysis on construction practice of intelligent prefabricated building based on BIM technology
Authors: Li Yan
Published: February 2023

In the rapid development of Chinese construction industry, intelligent assembly building construction based on low cost, high efficiency and other advantages, in the practice of inquiry has been widely paid attention to. Although scholars around the world have strengthened the research on the theory of intelligent prefabricated building construction technology, with the vigorous development of the construction industry, a large number of safety problems have emerged in existing construction projects. Therefore, some scholars have proposed to scientifically solve the problems faced by intelligent prefabricated building construction management with the help of information integrated BIM technology, so as to build a highly efficient and normative safety management system. On the basis of understanding the construction management of intelligent prefabricated building and the research status of BIM technology, this paper deeply discusses how to apply BIM technology in intelligent prefabricated building construction and give full play to the unique advantages of BIM technology according to the main characteristics and construction requirements of intelligent prefabricated building construction in the new era.
Occupational Therapy: the emergence of the profession from occupational disease
Authors: Soares Pâmela Bianca dos Santos , Filgueira Lílian Kathleen Martins , Fortes Vitória Leite Monteiro , Ribamar Camila de Oliveira , Lins Sarah Raquel Almeida
Published: February 2023

Occupational Therapy (T.O) is a higher-level profession regulated through Decree-Law No. 938/1969 and had its council founded together with physiotherapy in 1975, named the Federal Council for Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy (COFFITO). This professional category in the health area is focused on the prevention and treatment of subjects who have affective, cognitive, perceptual, and psychomotor alterations, resulting or not from disorders, traumas, or acquired diseases that affect their performance in carrying out their occupations. It is a profession with more than 50 years of existence, and that has extreme relevance in society, which justifies the importance of more dissemination of its objectives and focuses of action.
Oral health diagnosis in quilombo communities in the North of Minas Gerais
Authors: Santos Ana Elizabeth Neri , Silqueira Paula Victoria Aguiar de Oliveira , Cardoso Filho Otávio
Published: February 2023

The Quilombo was a place where former slaves could turn entirely to their culture from which they would preserve their own identity; lifestyle and their religious beliefs. Objective: The study aimed to make a diagnosis of the oral health situation in two quilombola communities in the city of Montes Claros - MG. Methods: Refers to a cross-sectional, population-based, descriptive study conducted in quilombola communities in the north of Minas. The study was conducted in 2 communities, one in the urban area (walnut trees) and the other in the rural area (Monte Alto). Sociodemographic data were collected and health conditions were evaluated through self-perception, defined in this study as a dependent variable. Results: We identified 100 inhabitants (Nogueiras), and 30 inhabitants (Monte Alto) being distributed among children/adolescents, adults, and the elderly; on vulnerabilities, sewage treatment is absent in the quilombola community Monte alto, which is opposed to the reality of the quilombo do Nogueira's community. In addition, in the Monte Alto community, there was low schooling and little access to health services. In short, in the Monte Alto community, there were high rates of people with edentulism, tartar, and carious lesions, and carious lesions prevailed in the Nogueiras quilombo. They conclude: Thus, the high rates in the Monte Alto quilombo are probably due to poor basic sanitation conditions and the lack of access to services quality health. In the quilombo of Nogueiras, possibly these high rates of carious lesions and periodontal diseases are probably due to the intake of excessive cariogenic foods, as well as the prevalence of smokers. Because of the predominant culture in this community.
Perception of high school students about nuclear energy: a case study in public schools in Manaus – AM
Authors: Mata Jaqueline Sales da , Barbosa Miguel Bonafe
Published: February 2023

This paper presents the perception of students in the 3rd year of high school on the subject of nuclear energy, applied in the metropolitan region of Manaus, Amazonas. In high school, especially in physics, many contents need greater clarity, and sometimes until it is demystified, the theme of nuclear energy is one of them. The study of this subject is fundamental for a country that aims at development in science and technology. Thus, the objective of this work was to investigate the students' perception of the theme. Therefore, descriptive research is proposed, based on the qualitative approach. The study was carried out in four public schools, from April to August 2022, with 173 students in the 3rd year of regular high school, in the afternoon shift. This target audience was chosen based on the intentional selection criterion, due to having already had contact with this theme in the previous series, according to the National Common Curriculum Base (BNCC). As a data collection instrument, the questionnaire was used, which allowed the investigative process with the interest in knowing some points about nuclear energy, such as: whether they have already had classes in formal education on the subject; media use; recognition of the trefoil the first association when they hear about this topic; if the energy is safe; operation of a nuclear power plant; sustainable energies; the number of nuclear power plants in Brazil; are in favor and rely on the production of this energy by Brazil. The control of the answers was made from a spreadsheet in excel software (spreadsheet editor), produced by Microsoft company. After the data was organized, each question was tabulated using a sector chart (pie chart) for each question of the questionnaire. Based on the results obtained through the questionnaires, the study demonstrates relevance for the study of the theme. The contributions of this work are added to the data of studies done in the rest of the country, where they confirm that the majority of students are not presented with this subject in basic education, that is, the teaching of nuclear energy is ignored.
Safety of the autoclave sterilization method to reduce the risk of hospital infection
Authors: Inomata Katia Cilene Ayako
Published: February 2023

Hospital infection is acquired by the patient after hospitalization and may manifest during hospitalization or after discharge. Health Care-Related Infection (ARs) is considered a public health problem. In the countries, from Central America, and Europe, with hospitalized patients, about 7.6% present this condition, which leads to worsening of the patient's condition, increased microbial resistance, and removal of the patient from their service, with increased expenses and economic impact. (BRAZIL, 2021; WHO, 2022) In the sterilization process, there is the destruction of all microorganisms, in vegetative or sporulated form, at a temperature from 121°C to 135°C, the time may vary according to the temperature and the model of the autoclave. (PADOVEZE, QUELHAS, NAKAMURA, 2014) One of the ways to reduce the risk of IRAS involves all phases of the sterilization process, the storage and distribution of materials, should follow the manual of good practices for the reprocessing of materials, because in addition to ensuring their use, lead to the absence of adverse effects to the patient, which includes infection (SOBECC, 2017).
Analysis of mathematical modeling within the assessment of thermal comfort in the city, Patos-PB
Authors: Ferreira Ana Paula Dutra , Souza Maria do Socorro Medeiros de , Souza João Luis Fernandes Medeiros de , Praxedes Katia Alves
Published: February 2023

The feeling of thermal comfort is associated with the rhythm of heat exchange between the human body and the environment, occurs in different types of spaces and caused by various parameters that influence temperature, such as constructions, climatic factors and the presence of vegetation, which can make environments inadequate or not to be (Carfan et al., 2010).
Association between obesity and breast cancer in premenopause
Authors: Batista Maria Stefania Nóbrega , Carneiro Lara Moreira Mendes
Published: February 2023

In Brazil, excluding non-melanoma skin tumors, breast cancer is the most common in women. The number of cancer deaths also increased, from 6.2 million in 2000 to 10 million in 2020. More than one in six deaths is due to cancer (WHO, 2021). In addition to well-established risk factors such as female gender, age, positive family history, genetic mutations, proliferative breast changes, high breast density breasts, early menarche, late menopause and radiation exposure, some researchers associate body constitution with the risk of breast cancer development. As obesity and cancer are diseases that affect millions of people and have important consequences it is necessary to identify the relationship between these two events.
Development of projects for sustainable residential food production
Authors: Gonzalez Junior Ivo Pedro , Garcia Fabio Madureira , Lopes Francivaldo Martins , Santos Matheists Jhonata dos , Carvalho Lucas Souza
Published: February 2023

There are several needs of society, bringing some questions regarding the possibilities of projects that bring improvement of the community. Projects when implemented and that can bring individual and collective training and develop activities that meet the needs of interprofessional training of the social, economic and environmental sphere.
Environmentally friendly methods for synthesis of reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Abrantes Noemi Pereira Araújo , Pereira Júnior Antonio Augusto Martins , Isidorio Daysianne Kessy Mendes , Magellan Matheus Emerick de , Araújo Filipe de Almeida
Published: February 2023

Orange production in Brazil is an expressive activity for the country's trade relations. According to an annual report by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Brazil is the largest producer of orangein the world, and produced 14,712,000 tons in the 2020/21 crop season. Records indicate that this panorama has been repeated over the last few years, which also occurs for orange products, such as processed fruit juice, which accounts for about 73% of the world's exports of the product (USDA, 2022).
Influence of physiotherapy in the treatment of children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Reis Drielly Tífany Ferreira , Pereira Rafaela Rodrigues , Silva Rogerio Alves da
Published: February 2023

Introduction: The etiology of the disorder is not yet well defined, what is known is that several factors can predispose the child to have autism, which may be genetic and environmental factors, according to scientific evidence. The TEA has three measurement degrees, classified as mild, moderate and severe. It is important that the autistic child and his family have the support of a multidisciplinary team that instructs them to overcome the diagnosis and the current situation in which they find themselves. Based on the characteristics presented by the autistic individual, there is a need to develop activities that encourage movement patterns, posture, communication, socialization and psychic, for this reason the physical therapy intervention must occur early, promoting improvements in psychomotor development and daily needs. Objective: Highlight the benefits of physical therapy as a treatment for children with autism spectrum disorder, present with autism spectrum disorder and talk about the family attitude in view of the autism diagnosis. Methods: This study qualifies for its basic nature, being a bibliographical research with a qualitative approach, through scientific journals of the last 10 years. Conclusion: When talking about physiotherapy in ASD, it is possible to understand that as the autistic person undergoes these treatments, their difficulties become smaller. Physiotherapy allows the child to have physical, motor and emotional well-being.