bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Omniview of Three-Dimensional Ultrasound for Prospective Evaluation of Extrathyroidal Extension of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Liu Ruyu , Jiang Yuxin , Lai Xingjian , Wang Ying , Gao Luying , Zhu Shenling , Yang Xiao , Zhao Ruina , Zhang Xiaoyan , Xi Xuehua , Zhang Bo
Published: April 2024

Background
Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) accounts for the majority of thyroid cancers. The preoperative diagnosis of extrathyroidal extension (ETE) in DTC patients is highly important. However, two-dimensional ultrasound (2D-US) has several limitations in diagnosing ETE. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of OmniView of three-dimensional ultrasound (3D-OmniView) in assessing the ETE of DTC patients compared with that of 2D-US.
Methods
Patients who underwent thyroid surgery for nodules adjacent to the thyroid capsule between February 2016 and January 2018 were prospectively enrolled in this study. Both 2D-US and 3D-OmniView were used to evaluate ETE of thyroid nodules. The definition for ETE in ultrasound images was capsule disruption, or capsule disruption and surrounding tissue invasion. Intraoperative and pathological findings of ETE were considered positive. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), accuracy, and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were calculated.
Results
A total of 176 DTC nodules from 137 patients were included in this study. ETE was identified in 67.0% of the nodules. The sensitivity, accuracy, NPV and AUC of 3D-OmniView for predicting ETE were significantly greater than those of 2D-US. The sensitivity and specificity of 2D-US and 3D-OmniView were 79.7% and 51.7%, respectively (P < 0.001), and 81.0% and 82.8%, respectively (P = 0.776). Both 2D-US and 3D-OmniView showed better efficacy in evaluating ETE in nodules > 1 cm than in evaluating ETE in nodules ≤ 1 cm.
Conclusion
3D-OmniView was more precise in predicting ETE of DTC nodules than 2D-US. 3D-OmniView is recommended for further evaluation of suspicious ETE. ETE was easier to detect by ultrasound for nodules > 1 cm than for nodules ≤ 1 cm.
Optimal timing of ultra-early diffusion-weighted MRI in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors: A retrospective multicenter cohort study
Authors: Park Jung Soo , Kang Changshin , Min Jin Hong , You Yeonho , Jeong Wonjoon , Ahn Hong Joon , In Yong Nam , Kim Young Min , Oh Se Kwang , Jeon So Young , Lee In Ho , Jeong Hye Seon , Lee Byung Kook
Published: April 2024

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) performed before target temperature management (TTM), within 6 h of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), is defined as ultra-early DW-MRI. In previous studies, high-signal intensity (HSI) on ultra-early DW-MRI can predict poor neurological outcomes. We evaluated the optimal timing for ultra-early DW-MRI to avoid false-negative findings in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), considering cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) factors. The primary outcomes were HSI in the cerebral cortex or deep gray matter on ultra-early DW-MRI. The impact of CPR factors and ROSC to DW-MRI scan-interval on HSI-presence was assessed. Of 206 included patients, 108 exhibited HSI-presence, exclusively associated with poor neurological outcomes. In multivariate regression analysis, ROSC to DW-MRI scan-interval (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.509; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.113–2.046; P = 0.008), low-flow time (aOR, 1.176; 95%CI: 1.121–1.233; P < 0.001), and non-shockable rhythm (aOR, 9.974; 95%CI: 3.363–29.578; P < 0.001) were independently associated with HSI-presence. ROSC to DW-MRI scan-interval cutoff of ≥ 2.2 h was particularly significant in low-flow time ≤ 21 min or shockable rhythm group. Short low-flow time and shockable rhythm require a longer ROSC to DW-MRI scan-interval. Prolonged low-flow time and non-shockable rhythm reduce the need to consider scan-interval.
TLR3 activation enhances sorafenib-antitumor effect in hepatocellular carcinoma by activating NK cell functions through ERK and NF-κB pathways
Authors: Zhang Qiang-bo , Wang Hong , Xu Fei , Song Yan , Jiang Run-de , Li Ran , Liu En-yu
Published: April 2024

Background: Sorafenib is a standard therapeutic agent for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). But its efficacy is moderate because the survival of patients is only extended by a few months, and the response rate is low and the mechanism of low efficacy is unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of TLR3 on sorafenib against HCC.
Methods: Polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid [Poly(I:C)] functioned as a dsRNA analog and TLR3 agonist, which was employed in following experiments. The HCC tumor was orthotopically implanted into in BALBc nu/nu or C57BL/6 mice. We analyzed survival times of mice, along with tumor growth, metastasis within abdoman and to lung. Flow cytometry and cytotoxicity assay were used to analyze the NK cells which was isolated from spleen or peripheral blood. ELISA assay was used to detect the expression of plasma interferon (IFN)-γ and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1. Furthermore, the expression of pERK1/2, pAKT, ERK1/2 and AKT was analyzed by Western blot.
Results: Sorafenib reduced the number and activities of NK cells in tumor-bearing mice concomitant with decreased plasma levels of MCP-1 and IFN-γ. The combination of sorafenib and Poly(I:C) synergistically inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in tumor xenograft mouse, and thus prolonged mice survival. Poly(I:C) not only exerted a direct inhibitory effect on tumor growth and metastasis by targeting the TLR3 receptor on tumor cells but also facilitated NK cell proliferation and activation, indirectly impeding tumor progression. Mechanistically, Poly(I:C) decreased sorafenib-induced inhibition of ERK phosphorylation, increased IκB phosphorylation in NK cells, and enhanced NK cell function.
Conclusion: Activation of TLR3 could enhance sorafenib-antitumor effect in HCC. The combination of TLR3 activator and sorafenib could be a new strategy for HCC treatment.
BMFS: Bidirectional weighted approach for multi-label feature selection algorithm
Authors: Yi Weiguo , Ma Bin , Yan LingWei
Published: April 2024

Shortcomings of the existing multi-label feature selection algorithms, such as non-considering the correlation of label space, ignoring the possible difference of label importance in feature space, cause the selected features to not accurately and comprehensively describe the sample, and make the calculation process complex. To solve these problems, this paper proposes an improved affinity propagation (AP) clustering method. Primarily in this method, the label space is divided according to the label correlation, and the label importance measurement and feature weight are also introduced to simplify the calculation. A multi-label rough membership function is proposed based on the definitions of the multi-label classification margin and the adaptive neighborhood radius and the neighborhood class , and then the multi-label fuzzy neighborhood rough set model is constructed by mapping the rough set to the fuzzy set, in which the fuzzy neighborhood entropy and multi-label fuzzy neighborhood entropy are defined. Finally, the bidirectional weighted multi-label feature selection algorithm is proposed based on fuzzy neighborhood entropy(BMFS). The experimental results on 10 multi-label datasets under Multi-label K-Nearest Neighbor (MLKNN) classifier show effectiveness and feasibility of this algorithm.
HLA-DQA1*05 Carriage is Associated with treatment failure and the induction of anti-IFX antibodies in IBD patients
Authors: Talon C , Tournier Q , François F , Berger A. E. , Waeckel L , Flourie B , Nancey S , Kennel A , Roblin X , Paul Stéphane
Published: April 2024

Repeated injections of anti-TNF may induce immunogenicity and loss of response to treatment in IBD (inflammatory bowel disease). An increased risk of immunogenicity in patients with the HLA-DQA1*05 phenotype has been already described. Here we selected 36 patients with IBD and follow the induction of anti-drug antibody according to their HLA phenotyping to individualize patients carrying one or two HLA-DQA1*05 alleles. In our study, IFX (infliximab, anti-TNF) treatment failure was significantly associated with HLA-DQA1*05 status in patient’s survival analysis. However, we show the absence of a clear association between HLA-DQA1*05 and the induction of anti-drug antibody. Our results confirm the importance of HLA-DQ1*05 testing before anti-TNF treatment for a personalized medicine.
Use of micro-computed tomography to monitor damage caused by three insect pests to olive fruit
Authors: Alba-Tercedor Javier , Francisca Ruano
Published: April 2024

A complete three-dimensional reconstruction of the internal damage (oviposition holes, entry and exit galleries, cavities caused by fungal infection) of three destructive pests of olive fruit was obtained by micro-computed tomography. In the case of the olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae), a complete reconstruction of the galleries was obtained. The galleries were colour-coded according to the internal lumen, corresponding to the size of the larval instars. In the case of the olive moth (Prays oleae), it was confirmed that the larvae only consume olive stones, leaving the pulp tissue intact. This study revealed the evolutionary defensive adaptation that the larva has developed by making the entrance/exit gallery in the form of a zigzag with alternating angles to avoid the action of possible parasitoids. In the case of olive fruit rot, caused by a fungal infection transmitted by the midge (Lasioptera berlesiana), microtomography revealed the infection cavity, delimited by a protective layer of tissue produced by the plant to isolate the infection zone, full of fungal hyphae and the reproductive organs of the fungus. Below and near the single external orifice present in the concave necrotic depression, two ovoid cavities were observed. These results were interpreted as successive ovipositions of B. oleae and its parasitoid L. berlesiana. High-resolution 3D rendered images are included as well as supplementary videos that could be a useful tool for future research and a valuable teaching aid.
Mazor X robot-assisted upper and lower cervical pedicle screw fixation: a case report and literature review
Authors: Gao Zilin , Zhang Xiaobo , Xu Zhengwei , Zhang Haiping , Hao Dingjun
Published: April 2024

Background: Manual placement of cervical pedicle screws is risky, and robot-assisted placement of atlantoaxial pedicle screws has not been reported.
Case report: We describe a 74-year-old female patient with atlantoaxial fracture and dislocation combined with spinal cord injury caused by a car accident. The left lower limb muscle strength was grade 0, the right upper limb muscle strength was grade 1, and the right lower limb muscle strength was grade 2. Loss of sensation below the clavicle level, decreased superficial sensation in the extremities, loss of deep sensation in the left lower extremity, and incontinence were observed. We successfully placed atlas pedicle screws with the assistance of the Mazor X robot. One week after the operation, radiological imaging revealed that the reduction effect was good, the placement of the pedicle screws was satisfactory, the left upper limb and left lower limb muscle strength was level 2, the right upper limb and the muscle strength of the right lower limb were grade 3, and the sensory function was partially restored. No complications related to screw placement were found at the 3-month postoperative follow-up.
Conclusions: Mazor X robot-assisted descending pedicle screw fixation of the atlas is feasible and safe.
Multiple pro-viral effects of the host protein G3BP in SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: McInerney Gerald , Long Siwen , Vidakovics Laura Perez , Han Xiao , Sun Renhua , Wang Megan , Panas Marc , Urgard Egon , Merits Andres , Achour Adnane , Guzyk Mykhailo , Coquet Jonathan
Published: April 2024

Ras-GTPase-activating protein SH3-domain-binding proteins (G3BP) are multifunctional RNA-binding proteins, pivotal in the initiation of stress granules (SGs). SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein exhibits strong binding affinity for G3BP and inhibition of SG formation. However, pro-viral role(s) of the G3BP-N interaction have remained unclear. Here, we have comprehensively examined the importance of G3BP for SARS-CoV-2 infection both in vitro and in vivo. Using reverse genetics, we constructed a viral mutant, SARS-CoV-2 RATA, which exhibits stronger and more persistent SG response in infected cells. We also show that in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells, G3BP-N complexes are targeted to the pore complex of double membrane vesicles (DMV) from which nascent viral RNA emerges. Furthermore, through interaction with 40S ribosomal subunits, G3BP-N complexes promote highly localized translation of viral mRNAs at the viral factories and thus facilitate viral gene expression and replication. This work provides a mechanistic understanding of the roles of G3BP in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Association between living arrangements and time to drop out in patients between 18 and 29 years of age, under treatment for substance abuse disorders in Chile, 2010-2019.
Authors: Castellano Joel , González Andrés , Castillo-Carniglia Álvaro , Gaete Jorge
Published: April 2024

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are the leading cause of premature death and disability in the Americas, causing approximately 47% of deaths in the world's adult population, posing an enormous public health challenge. One of these challenges is the treatment drop-out, which significantly compromises the efficacy of SUD interventions. Despite the implementation of advanced monitoring programs in Chile, evidence concerning the medium- and long-term effects of SUD treatment remains limited. This study explores the correlation between living arrangements (alone, with the family of origin, or with a partner with or without children [partner/children]) at the onset of initial treatment and the time until treatment drop-out among emerging adults (18–29 years) in public SUD programs in Chile from 2010 to 2019. Employing a retrospective cohort design, health records of adult patients aged 18 to 29 who underwent public SUD treatment between 2010 and 2019 in general population programs were analyzed. Using survival analysis and inverse probability-weighted multinomial logistic regression models, the findings reveal consistent patterns: individuals living with family of origin had the highest survival rates and prolonged treatment retention, followed by those living with partner/children, and those living alone had the lowest survival rates (Restricted mean survival times (year) were 0.60, 0.57, and 0.55 to at one year, respectively). The study emphasizes the crucial role of social bonds, particularly familial and relational ties, in influencing treatment outcomes. In conclusion, this study underscores the necessity to consider social support when formulating effective SUD treatment strategies and the potential positive impact of familial and relational bonds, especially during the critical phase of emerging adulthood.
Validation of a Novel Dust Generator using Respirable Crystalline Silica
Authors: Noi David Dennis Tettey , Davies Brian , Apthorpe Linda , Gopaldasani Vinod
Published: April 2024

The inability to measure occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) in real-time is a concern for occupational hygienists and other allied professionals. Workplace exposure samples are usually collected and transported from the work environment to an accredited laboratory for analysis which can take many weeks. Overcoming such difficulty will save analyses time and enable occupational hygienists and organizations to make timely interventions in work areas where there is exposure to high levels of RCS. A portable dust generator has been developed for in-field use to enable the quantification of RCS in various dust clouds. The Rota-Dust dust generator has been successfully developed and validated to produce dust clouds for up to two hours and subsequently prepare calibration curves using a quartz reference standard for FTIR. The portable dust generator can generate dust clouds of host materials in varying to determine when control strategies are required to be employed. It also provides a means to generate samples of host material for identification of analytical interferences of portable instruments.
Ice XIX: Configurational Entropy, Disordering Kinetics, Phase Boundary and Isotope Effect
Authors: Gasser Tobias M. , Thoeny Alexander V. , Fortes A. Dominic , Loerting Thomas
Published: April 2024

Ice XIX is a partly hydrogen-ordered polymorph related to disordered ice VI, similar to ice XV. We here investigate the order-order-disorder sequence ice XIX à ice XV à ice VI based on calorimetry at ambient pressure both for D2O and H2O-ice XIX. From these data we extract configurational entropy differences between ice XIX, ice XV and ice VI. This task is complex because, unlike for all other ices, the order-disorder transition from ice XIX to ice VI takes place in two steps via ice XV. Even more challenging, these two steps take place in an overlapping manner, so that careful separation of slow kinetics is necessary. This is evidenced best by changing the heating rate in calorimetry experiments: For fast heating experiments the second step, disordering of ice XV, is suppressed because the first step, formation of ice XV from ice XIX, is too slow. The transient state ice VI‡ that is initially produced upon ice XIX decay then does not have enough time to convert to ice XV, but remains disordered all along. In order to tackle the challenge to determine the entropy difference between ice XIX and VI as well as the entropy difference between ice XV and VI we employ two different approaches that allow assessing the impact of kinetics on the entropy change. “Single peak integration” defines a kinetically limited result, but “combined peak integration” allows estimation of the true thermodynamic values. Our best estimate for the true value shows ice XIX to be much more ordered than ice XV (25±3% vs. 9±4% of the Pauling entropy). For D2O XIX samples we obtain 28% of order, but only when a small number of fast H-isotope effects are used In the second part we use these results to estimate the location of the ice XIX phase boundary both for protiated and deuterated ice XIX. The initial Clapeyron slope at ambient pressure is determined from the combination of neutron powder diffraction volume differences and calorimetry entropy differences data to be 27 K GPa-1 with an order-disorder transition temperature To-d(0.0 GPa)=103±1 K. An in situ bracketing experiment at 1.8 GPa yields To-d(1.8 GPa)=116±3 K, i.e., the phase boundary slope flattens at higher pressures to 7 K GPa-1. These data allow us to determine the region of thermodynamic stability of ice XIX in the phase diagram and to explain the surprising isotope shift reversal at 1.6 GPa compared to 0.0 GPa, i.e., why D2O-ice XIX disorders at lower temperatures than H2O-ice XIX at 1.6 GPa, but at higher temperatures at ambient pressures.
Lower serum CTRP3 is related to more severe distal symmetric polyneuropathy in type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Han Pingping , Hu Fan , Guo Jia , Xu Leirui , Zhang Junxia
Published: April 2024

Background: Distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN) is one of the most common chronic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our previous study found that serum C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 3 (CTRP3) levels were decreased in type 2 diabetic patients. Thus, this study was designed to reveal the relationship between lower serum CTRP3 and the prevalence and severity of DSPN.
Methods: A total of 178 cases of patients with T2DM were enrolled in the study. The subjects were divided into DSPN group (n=89) and non-DSPN group (n=89). Both the anthropometric parameters and neurologic symptoms were recorded. Also, neurologic signs, neuropathy symptom score (NSS) and neuropathy disability score (NDS) were measured. Biochemical indexes, fasting insulin, and C peptide were detected. Serum CTRP3 concentrations were assayed by ELISA method.
Results: Serum CTRP3 levels decreased significantly in DSPN group compared with non-DSPN group (P<0.05). CTRP3 was negatively associated with the number of positive signs, NSS score, and NDS score in patients with DSPN (all P<0.05). Interestingly, the higher the score of NSS or NDS, the lower the levels of serum CTRP3 (all P<0.05). Moreover, the patients with lower CTRP3 levels (<7.58ng/ml) had higher positive rate of neurologic signs (all P<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that CTRP3 independently predicted the occurrence of DSPN (β= -0.316, P<0.001). ROC curve analysis displayed that the best cut-off value of CTRP3 for the prediction of DSPN was 7.55ng/ml (sensitivity 78.7%, specificity 79.8%), and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.763 (95% CI 0.689-0.838, P<0.001).
Conclusion: Lower serum CTRP3 is a strong predictor for the occurrence and progression of DSPN in Chinese patients with T2DM.
Preliminary utilization of high-resolution direct MRI fistulography with hydrogen peroxide in diagnosing anorectal fistula: A retrospective study
Authors: Chang Cancan , Qiao Longhu , Zhang Zhenqi , Tian Xiao , Zhang Yu , Cheng Wenwen , Wang Xia , Yang Qing
Published: April 2024

Background
Fistula-in-ano is an abnormal tunnel formation linking the anal canal with the perineum and perianal skin. Multiple imaging methods are available to evaluate it, among which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most advanced noninvasive preoperative method. However, it is limited in its visualization ability. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using a specific mixture of 3% hydrogen peroxide (HP) and gadolinium as a direct contrast agent for high-resolution HPMRI of perianal fistula. Additionally, it investigated the value of this new method for preoperative examination of complex or recurrent fistula via a preliminary study.
Methods
Preoperative physical examination, conventional ultrasonography, MRI plain scan, and high-resolution direct HPMRI fistulography data from nine patients with surgically confirmed complex or recurrent fistula-in-ano were retrospectively analyzed. We also assessed the detection rates of fistula tracks and their associated internal openings, including the connection between them and the internal and external anal sphincters. Furthermore, the detection of perianal abscess was analyzed relative to the intraoperative observations.
Results
Surgical confirmation revealed nine cases of anal fistula, including 17 internal openings, 18 fistula tracks, 21 external openings, and six perianal abscesses. ROC curve analysis revealed that the effectiveness of the physical examination, conventional ultrasound, and MRI plain scans for detecting internal openings was lower than that of high-resolution direct HPMRI fistulography (Z = 3.739, 2.642, 2.642, all p < 0.05). The efficacy of physical examination and conventional ultrasound in detecting fistula tracks was lower than that of high-resolution direct HPMRI fistulography (Z = 2.394, 2.503, all p < 0.05). The effectiveness of physical examination in detecting perianal abscess was inferior to that of high-resolution direct HPMRI fistulography (Z = 3.417, p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed in the ability of MRI plain scan to detect fistula tracks or in the capacity of conventional ultrasound to detect perianal abscesses than that of high-resolution direct HPMRI fistulography.
Conclusions
This novel high-resolution direct HPMRI fistulography technique enhances the visualization of recurrent and complex fistula-in-ano, enabling visualization of branched fistulas, thereby improving surgical outcomes.
Improved Prevention and Treatment Strategies for Differentiation Syndrome Contribute to Reducing Early Mortality in Patients With Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
Authors: Chen Suning , Wu Qian , Yang Xiaofei , Zhang Jing-Ren , Xue Mengxing , Wu Depei , Xue Mengxing , Ge Zheng , Chen Yifei , Gu Weiying , Dong Weimin , Chao Hongying , Jiang N , Sun Xuemei , Liu Zefa , Shi Jin-Ning , Chen Hui , Zhang Cixian , Min Fengling , Sun Hongli , Qian Xiaoli , Yuan Hongjian , Feng Yuan
Published: April 2024

In this report, we present an optimized prevention and treatment strategy for differentiation syndrome (DS). A total of 111 eligible patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) − 78 classified as low-risk and 33 as high-risk - received induction treatment consisting of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in combination with an arsenic agent. Different doses of dexamethasone were administered based on the dynamics of white blood cell (WBC) counts to prevent DS. Ruxolitinib was used as a second-line therapy for DS. Among the patients, 41 (36.9%) experienced DS, with 16 having a severe form (14.4%) and 25 having a moderate form (22.5%). There was no significant difference in the incidence and severity of DS between the low-risk and high-risk patients (p = 0.057 and p = 0.056, respectively). The efficacy of ruxolitinib in cases of DS resistant to steroids was 67% without interruption of ATRA therapy. After discontinuing ATRA, the remaining DS cases were relieved through treatment with dexamethasone and ruxolitinib. The overall 30-day mortality rate was 1.8% (2/111), with two high-risk patients succumbing to intracranial hemorrhage. Complete remission (CR) was achieved in the remaining 109 patients. Our findings suggest that personalized prophylaxis against DS can mitigate the negative prognostic impact of hyperleukocytosis, and ruxolitinib is effective and well tolerated for refractory DS, ultimately decreasing early mortality in APL patients .(clinical trials.gov NCT04446806).
Stanniocalcin 1 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 cooperatively regulate local bone mineralization by osteoblasts
Authors: Kim Nacksung , Kim Jung Ha , Kim Kabsun , Kim Inyoung , Seong Semun , Koh Jeong-Tae
Published: April 2024

Stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) is a calcium- and phosphate-regulating hormone that is expressed in all tissues, including bone tissues, and is involved in calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Previously, STC1 expression was found to be increased by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] administration in renal proximal tubular cells. In this study, we determined whether STC1 directly regulates osteoblast differentiation or reciprocally controls the functions of 1,25(OH)2D3 in osteoblasts to contribute to bone homeostasis. We found that STC1 inhibited osteoblast differentiation in vitro and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)-induced ectopic bone formation in vivo. Moreover, 1,25(OH)2D3 increased STC1 expression through direct binding to the Stc1 promoter of vitamin D receptor (VDR). STC1 activated the 1,25(OH)2D3–VDR signaling pathway through the upregulation of VDR expression mediated by the inhibition of Akt phosphorylation in osteoblasts. STC1 further enhanced the roles of 1,25(OH)2D3 in the secretion of RANKL and inhibition of osteoblast differentiation by exhibiting a positive correlation with 1,25(OH)2D3. The long bone phenotype of transgenic mice overexpressing STC1 specifically in osteoblasts was not significantly different from that of wild-type mice. However, compared with wild-type mice, 1,25(OH)2D3 administration significantly decreased bone mass in STC1 transgenic mice. Collectively, these results suggest that STC1 negatively regulates osteoblast differentiation and bone formation; however, the inhibitory effect of STC1 on osteoblasts is transient and could be compensated under normal conditions. Nevertheless, the synergistic effect of STC1 and 1,25(OH)2D3 through 1,25(OH)2D3 administration may reduce bone mass by inhibiting osteoblast differentiation.
The lethal effects of high-frequency ultrasound waves in Pediculus humanus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae) nymphs and adults
Authors: Kavur Hakan , Özkurt Halil , Büyükkatran Fatma , Evyapan Gülşah , Kalkan Sümeyye , Çelik Zehra , Kurcan Emine , Karataş Duran Ali , Alptekin Davut
Published: April 2024

Pediculus humanus capitis, are not a primary health hazard or a vector for disease but a societal problem with substantial costs. The diagnosis of head lice infestation is best made by finding a live nymph or adult on the scalp or hair of a person. The aims of this study was: to assess the effects of high-frequency ultrasound waves on adults and nymphslouse. We collected a total of 1000 specimens (400 adults and 600 nymphs) for exposure to high-frequency ultrasound waves in five different frequency ranges between 0.5 and 2.5 MHz for 24 hours. Also, the number of dead individuals was recorded at the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th, 16th, and 24th hours. Among the ultrasound frequencies used to treat head lice, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 MHz produced the highest dead number of individuals. The dead number of louse varied depending upon the frequency of ultrasound they were exposed to and the duration of the exposure. We suggest that frequencies from 1.5 to 2.5 MHz effectively control pediculosis and that potential equipment with frequency values in this range can be used for treatment and prevention.
Systematic Design and Evaluation of Aptamers for Specific Detection of VEGF and PLGF Biomarkers of Preeclampsia
Authors: Mallawarachchi Samavath , Cebecioglu Rümeysa E. , Althumayri Majed , Beker Levent , Fernando Sandun , Koydemir Hatice Ceylan
Published: April 2024

Preeclampsia, a potentially life-threatening condition for both mother and baby, is characterized by hypertension and potential organ damage. Early diagnosis is crucial to mitigate its adverse health effects. While traditional diagnostic methods focus on late-manifesting symptoms like hypertension and proteinuria, there is an increasing emphasis on molecular diagnostic approaches for timely detection and intervention. This study explores the design and evaluation of aptamers for specific detection of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Placental Growth Factor (PlGF) as biomarkers for preeclampsia, given their roles in angiogenic imbalances associated with the condition and their impact on placental development. Leveraging aptamers as an alternative to antibodies, we designed specific sequences for VEGF and PlGF, delving deep into their binding dynamics and interaction patterns. Aptamers were designed by combining nucleotides with a high affinity towards the receptors, and the affinity of these aptamers towards the receptors was evaluated using in-silico and in-vitro techniques. Based on in-vitro validations, we identified specific aptamers showing nano-molar level affinities towards VEGF and PlGF. These aptamer designs could help develop new aptasensor-based, cost-effective point-of-care technologies with high sensitivity and specificity.
Weighted EHR-Based Prevalence Estimates for Hypertension at the State and Local Levels in Louisiana
Authors: Li Wenjun , Zhang Meng , Cheng Jie , Jackson Sandra L. , Vaughan Adam S. , Klompas Michael , Carton Thomas W. , Nauman Elizabeth , Mendoza Lee , Adhikari Arun , Donovan Jeanie , Hohman Katherine H.
Published: April 2024

Background: Modernization of public health data systems is a national priority. Improved chronic disease surveillance can provide more timely, accurate, and local measures to inform public health policy and intervention. Although electronic health record (EHR) data have great potential for surveillance, population coverage is non-random, which may result in biased estimates. Statistical approaches are needed to adjust estimates to represent the underlying population and validate the results against independent estimates.
Methods: MENDS, the Multi-State-EHR-Based Network for Disease Surveillance, uses EHR data to calculate chronic disease and risk factor prevalence metrics. In this study, we applied post-stratification weighting to MENDS data from nearly 800,000 adults from Louisiana to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and hypertension control at the state and parish (county-equivalent) levels during February 2023. We then compared weighted MENDS hypertension prevalence estimates with measures derived from traditional public health surveillance.
Results: Weighted MENDS hypertension prevalence estimates were approximately 10% lower than crude MENDS estimates, and approximately 13% higher than hypertension awareness estimates from the 2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, with similar geographic and demographic patterns. Weighted MENDS hypertension prevalence estimates indicated that 43.0% of Louisiana adult residents had hypertension (versus 47.7% crude prevalence). Prevalence was higher than the overall state estimate among men (47.3% weighted; 55.9% crude), Black patients (50.2% weighted; 55.7% crude), those receiving Medicare (70.6% weighted; 76.2% crude), and individuals living in rural areas (46.1% weighted; 49.8% crude). Hypertension prevalence increased with age and with more clinical visits during the previous 2 years. Hypertension prevalence was highest in the southeastern parishes near New Orleans and Baton Rouge. Demographic and geographic patterns in prevalence of hypertension control were like hypertension prevalence.
Conclusions: Post-stratification weighting of MENDS data brought EHR-based data estimates closer to survey-based estimates of hypertension and can improve representativeness of chronic disease indicators. These estimates can provide public health organizations with timely, accurate, and local information. Further, EHR-based systems can produce unique measures, such as the prevalence of hypertension control, which can provide a more nuanced understanding of community needs and help public health agencies evaluate the effectiveness of community interventions.
Increasing body mass index during initial immunotherapy improves response rate and survival for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Kong Lingdong , Zheng Qiwen , He Yuling , Zhong Jia , An Tongtong , Li Jianjie , Chi Yujia , Jia Bo , Wang Jingjing , Ji Xumeng , Ding Lu , Tai Yidi , Nuersulitan Reyizha , Wang Ziping
Published: April 2024

Background/aim:
Elevated baseline body mass index (BMI) is independently correlated with the efficacy and prognosis of anti-tumour immunotherapy. But the effects of BMI change in patients undergoing PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibody therapy have not been well studied.
Method
A retrospective analysis of patients who were consecutively receiving anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor treatment diagnosed with advanced NSCLC was conducted to investigate the effects of baseline and maximum variation in BMI within the first 12 weeks on objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Baseline BMI and change in BMI were both analysed as continuous and categorical variables.
Results
For baseline BMI, only the overweight group showed an improvement in OS ([HR] = 0.67, 95% CI:0.49–0.91, P = 0.011). BMI variation analysis showed significant differences among stable, increase, and decrease groups (P = 0.0033), and the increase group showed a significantly improved OS (HR = 0.38, 95%CI: 0.20–0.74, P = 0.004). Each 1% increase in BMI was associated with a 9% increase in survival time (HR = 0.91, 95%CI:0.87–0.96, P < 0.001). Also, patients in the increased group showed a significantly higher ORR (OR = 5.42, 95%CI:2.02–14.54, P < 0.001). Subsequent analysis revealed that the increase group showed a significant benefit in PFS (HR = 0.57, 95%CI:0.35–0.92, P = 0.022); and each percentage point increase in BMI was associated with a 9% improvement (HR = 0.93, 95%CI:0.89–0.96, P < 0.001).
Conclusion
Weight gain during treatment should be considered a potentially more potent predictive factor in immunotherapy compared to baseline body mass index (BMI).
New Tunneling Source Follower with Low 1/f Noise and High Voltage Gain
Authors: Kim Ki Yeong , Kim Hyangwoo , Yoo Hyeongseok , Choi Minkeun , Kim Yijoon , Oh Kyounghwan , Sol Yoon , Park Sungbong , Lee Jae-Kyu , Baek Chang-Ki
Published: April 2024

We have designed a tunneling source follower (TSF) for image sensors that achieves high voltage gain (Av) and low 1/f noise simultaneously. The TSF is composed of N-P-N-N, especially the p-doped grounded area, which serves to amplify the insufficient tunneling current, allowing the source follower (SF) to utilize band-to-band tunneling (BTBT). Compared to thermionic emission, tunneling based structures contribute to increasing Av through lower channel length modulation and lower body effect. As a result, TSF achieves a higher Av (~1.0 V/V) than conventional SF (~0.9 V/V). Moreover, the n-doped channel makes the buried conductive channel farther from the interface, lowering the noise. The current noise spectral density (SI) is approximately 10 times lower in TSF than that of in conventional SF. Therefore, our TSF can be a possible candidate for High Av and low 1/f noise image sensors.
Geometric inequalities characterizing hypocycloids
Authors: Honda Atsufumi , Tajima Rina
Published: April 2024

In spite of the geometric and analytic importance of hypocycloids, there are little systematic studies of geometric inequalities characterizing hypocycloids. Recently, Kwong--Lee obtained a countable family of geometric inequalities for convex curves by virtue of higher order Wirtinger-type inequalities. This family contains the isoperimetric inequality and Lin-Tsai's inequality. In this paper, generalizing the Kwong--Lee's family of inequalities to curves with admissible singularities (called ℓ-convex Legendre curves), we derive a countable family of inequalities whose equality conditions are characterized by hypocycloids.
2020 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 53A04; Secondary 52A40, 26D10.
Inverse flow stress characterization in hot rolling
Authors: Prete Antonio Del , Primo Teresa
Published: April 2024

The present paper describes an inverse analysis technique to obtain material flow stress law from experimental measurements of rolling torque. This was developed coupling a mathematical model of rolling, able to predict rolling torque, with a mathematical optimizer which minimizes the difference between experimental values and model prediction in terms of torque by means of an objective function. It is known that FEM is able to well predict forming loads and material behavior in rolling process with an high accuracy. For this reason, numerical tests were performed using FEM in order to obtain rolling torque values in place of experimental measurements, in order to validate the developed strategy.
“Living With a Question Mark”: Psychosocial Experience of Portuguese Young Adults at Risk for Hereditary Amyloid Transthyretin Amyloidosis With Polyneuropathy
Authors: Pereira José D. , Costa Catarina , Santos Andreia , Lemos Marina S. , Sequeiros Jorge , Paneque Milena , Mendes Álvaro
Published: April 2024

This study is the first to explore the psychosocial experience of young Portuguese adults at genetic risk for hereditary amyloid transthyretin amyloidosis with polyneuropathy (hATTR-PN), specifying developmental peculiarities of their experience with the disease. Sixteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with young adults coming for presymptomatic testing (PST) at a single genetics outpatient center in Portugal, and the data were analyzed thematically. The main findings suggest that the psychosocial experience of the young adults interviewed is marked by: (a) the development of psychological representations (viz., beliefs, mental representations, and social perceptions) about hATTR-PN, (b) experienced and anticipated psychosocial impacts (viz., suffering, anxiety, and relief) related to the disease, (c) the use of strategies (viz., performing PST, strategies focused on emotional regulation and the meaning of hATTR-PN, and social strategies) to deal with these impacts over time, and (d) the perceived and expected support for the participants' needs provided by social contexts (viz., family and genetic counseling). In a period of life also marked by qualitatively different characteristics and developmental tasks from other life cycle stages (e.g., identity explorations, instability, and independent decision-making), experience with the disease can added psychosocial challenges to young adults at risk for hATTR-PN. Genetic counseling practices and health policies can be optimized to respond to the psychosocial needs of the young adults belonging to families with the disease. In addition, future research should deepen the understanding of the psychosocial experience of individuals and families with late-onset hATTR-PN to improve the clinical response in this population.
The origins of haplotype 58 (H58) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi
Authors: Carey Megan , Nguyen To Nguyen Thi , Tran Do Hoang Nhu , Dyson Zoe , Keane Jacqueline , Pham Duy , Mylona Elli , Nair Satheesh , Chattaway Marie , Baker Stephen
Published: April 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a serious threat to the clinical management of typhoid fever. AMR in Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) is commonly associated with the H58 lineage, a lineage that arose comparatively recently before becoming globally disseminated. To better understand when and how H58 emerged and became dominant, we performed detailed phylogenetic analyses on contemporary genome sequences from S. Typhi isolated in the period spanning the emergence. Our dataset, which contains the earliest described H58 S. Typhi organism, indicates that ancestral H58 organisms were already multi-drug resistant (MDR). These organisms emerged spontaneously in India in 1987 and became radially distributed throughout South Asia and then globally in the ensuing years. These early organisms were associated with a single long branch, possessing mutations associated with increased bile tolerance, suggesting that the first H58 organism was generated during chronic carriage. The subsequent use of fluoroquinolones led to several independent mutations in gyrA. The ability of H58 to acquire and maintain AMR genes continues to pose a threat, as extensively drug-resistant (XDR; MDR plus resistance to ciprofloxacin and third generation cephalosporins) variants, have emerged recently in this lineage. Understanding where and how H58 S. Typhi originated and became successful is key to understand how AMR drives successful lineages of bacterial pathogens. Additionally, these data can inform optimal targeting of typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) for reducing the potential for emergence and the impact of new drug-resistant variants. Emphasis should also be placed upon the prospective identification and treatment of chronic carriers to prevent the emergence of new drug resistant variants with the ability to spread efficiently.
Evaluation of the relationship between midpalatal suture maturation and chronologic age with cone-beam computerised tomography via fractal analysis
Authors: Kocal Gulcan , Halıcıoglu Koray , Halıcıoglu Sıddıka
Published: April 2024

Background
The relationship between midpalatal suture maturation and chronological age was evaluated via cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) via fractal analysis.
Methods
Cone-beam computed tomography images of 515 subjects with a mean age of 16 ± 3.6 years were included in the study. Midpalatal suture maturation was evaluated based on the classification described by Angelieri et al. In the second stage, the evaluation was conducted through quantitative data obtained by fractal analysis.
Results
There was a statistically significant difference between the fractal dimension and chronologic age related to the maturation of the midpalatal suture. There was a weak positive statistically significant correlation between the maturation of the midpalatal suture and the fractal dimension, but there was no statistically significant correlation between the maturation stage and the chronological age of the subjects.
Conclusions
Fractal analysis can be used to determine the maturation stages of the midpalatal suture. Considering the positive correlation between the fractal dimension and maturation of the midpalatal suture, the optimal fractal dimension cut-off value can be used to assess suture fusion. Chronologic age is not a precise indicator for evaluating the maturation of the midpalatal suture, but it can offer alternative guidance regarding suture fusion.
An Epidemic of Loneliness and Isolation The Effect of COVID-19 on Urban Youth Mental Health
Authors: Baquerizo Humberto X. , Ocon Vanessa Akelian , Odam Loren Alivia , Chukwuma Jeffery , Mensah Victor , Natalie Natalie
Published: April 2024

This study explores the profound psychosocial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on young people in Newark, NJ, with a focus on the mental health challenges arising from drastic societal changes like "Stay at Home" orders, school closures, and the cancellation of major events. Our research hypothesizes that youth engagement in community activities during the pandemic fostered stronger coping mechanisms for mental health challenges. Conducted a focus group in May 2023 with 43 youths and adolescents from the greater Newark area. Participants engaged in discussions led by guest speakers and mental health professionals, focusing on coping strategies and resilience. Participants completed a comprehensive 50-item questionnaire, based on five validated surveys, to assess aspects of youth mental health, self-efficacy, and self-awareness. Our findings indicate a diverse group, with 72% identifying as Hispanic/Latino and 34.9% as Black/African American, and 57% considering themselves economically disadvantaged. A significant majority (79.1%) reported that disconnection from friends and family was the most stressful aspect of the pandemic, closely followed by feelings of loneliness and isolation (72.1%). The study reveals concerning levels of social-emotional distress, with over 60% of participants scoring above 21 on the Social Emotional Distress Scale-Secondary, indicating substantial challenges in their relationships and overall well-being. Therefore, enhancing social connectedness is crucial for the mental well-being of urban youth. Calling for strengthened partnerships with community organizations to provide essential social support and advocates for bolstering the social infrastructure to ensure access to beneficial programs and services, enabling youth to thrive and reach their full potential.
Smartphone Application Tracks Ureteral Stents with Automatic SMS Reminders to Prevent Forgotten Stents: A Multi-Centres Retrospective Cohort Study in Malaysia
Authors: Khor Vincent , Fairuz Mohamad Sharin Mohamad , Fahmy Omar , Lee Christopher Kheng Siang , Azli Mohd Zainuddin Saiful , Khairul-Asri Mohd Ghani
Published: April 2024

Background and Objective: Forgotten ureteral stents (FUS) can result in serious complications. In many developing countries, traditional manual stent registry is used to track stents and prevent FUS, which is prone to mistakes. We developed a cloud-based smartphone ureteral stent tracker application and compared its efficiency with the conventional manual stent registry. Methods: A retrospective review of the stent registry system for two cohorts of patients who underwent ureteral stent placement at our centres was performed. 152 patients were tracked through a traditional manual registry system (conventional group), while 158 patients were tracked using smartphone application with automatic SMS reminders (app group). We compared the demographic data, stent insertion data, number of cases of FUS, and duration of overdue stents. Result: The mean (SD) age was 59.26 (12.9) and 59.03 (12.9) years, for conventional and app groups, respectively. Ureteric stone obstruction was the most common indication for stent placement in the conventional group, while post-procedure was the most common in the app group (p = 0.02). 13.2% of patients had FUS in the conventional group, while all patients in the app group had their stent removed as planned (p < 0.01). As a result, the median (IQR) duration of stent indwelling was longer in the conventional group than the app group [141 (12) vs 45 (149) days, p = 0.02). The median (IQR) duration of FUS was 55 (94) days. Conclusion: Mobile application along with automatic SMS reminders can effectively monitor ureteral stents, ensuring their timely removal and follow-up. This highlights the significance of technology in enhancing urological patient care and safety.