bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correction: Electrochemical study of ivabradine hydrochloride ion selective electrodes using different ionophores
Authors: Abo-Talib Nisreen F. , Tammam Marwa H. , Attia Ali K.
Published: November 2015

Correction for ‘Electrochemical study of ivabradine hydrochloride ion selective electrodes using different ionophores’ by Nisreen F. Abo-Talib et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 95592–95597.
On the stability of foams made with surfactant bilayer phases
Authors: Briceño-Ahumada Zenaida , Maldonado Amir , Impéror-Clerc Marianne , Langevin Dominique
Published: November 2015

Time evolution of foam height for different bilayer volume fractions Φ in lamellar phases.
Interface engineering toward enhanced efficiency of planar perovskite solar cells
Authors: Jiang Lu-Lu , Cong Shan , Lou Yan-Hui , Yi Qing-Hua , Zhu Jun-Tong , Ma Heng , Zou Gui-Fu
Published: November 2015

Perovskite solar cell performance was improved significantly by introducing 4,7-Diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen) doped with bis(2-methyldibenzo-[f,h]quinoxaline) (Ir(MDQ)2(acac)) to modify the interface between perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3−xClx)/PCBM (phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester) and an Ag electrode.
Generalised three‐dimensional scattering channel model and its effects on compact multiple‐input and multiple‐output antenna receiving systems
Authors: Zhou Jie , Jiang Hao , Kikuchi Hisakazu
Published: November 2015

The development of realistic channel models that can efficiently and accurately describe a wireless propagation channel is a key research area. In this study, a generalised three‐dimensional (3D) scattering channel model for land mobile systems is proposed to simultaneously describe the angular arrival of multi‐path signals in the azimuth and elevation planes. The model considers a base station located at the centre of a 3D semi‐spheroid‐shaped scattering region and a mobile station (MS) located within the region. Using this channel model, the authors first derive the closed‐form expression for the joint and marginal probability density functions of the angle of arrival and time of arrival measured at the MS corresponding to the azimuth and elevation angles. Next, they derive an expression for the Doppler spectra distribution due to the motion of the MSs. Furthermore, they analyse the performance of multiple‐input and multiple‐output antenna systems and their numerical results. The results show that the proposed 3D scattering channel model performs better compared with previously proposed 2D models for outdoor and indoor environments. They compare the results with previous scattering channel models and measurement results to validate the generalisation of their model.
Electromagnetism calculation of single‐sided linear induction motor with transverse asymmetry using finite‐element method
Authors: Lv Gang , Liu Zhiming , Sun Shouguang
Published: November 2015

Electromagnetic variations of the single‐sided linear induction motor (SLIM) are calculated by three‐dimensional (3D) finite‐element method (FEM) when the primary is displaced sideways from a symmetrical position. For geometrical and electrical asymmetry, a full 3D model, which considering the longitudinal and transverse end effects, overhangs of the primary windings and secondary, as well as lateral displacement, is developed. Apart from the thrust and vertical force, lateral force is produced when the transverse asymmetry occurred. Hence, the calculation equation of thrust, vertical and lateral forces in each element of the 3D FEM model and boundary conditions are presented. Air‐gap flux densities along the longitudinal and transverse directions with different lateral displacements are obtained, as well as the distortion coefficients of the air‐gap flux density is proposed. Corresponding induced currents in the secondary are predicted. Finally, the variations of the thrust, vertical and lateral forces are experimentally validated by measurements on reciprocal power‐fed test rig. It shows that the flux in between overhangs of the primary winding and secondary has great effect on the lateral force, the thrust and vertical force decrease with the increase of the lateral displacement.
Examination of the grid‐connected polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell's electrical behaviour and control
Authors: Bahceci Serkan , Fedakar Seyfullah , Yalcinoz Tankut
Published: November 2015

Fuel cells (FCs) are considered as one of the most promising sources of electrical energy that can meet environmental constraints. One of the important steps to ensure clean energy is seamless power transfer from the FC to the grid. In this study, the behaviour of the FC under AC load and grid connection of FC system is simulated. Required interface for FCs' grid connection is performed with PSCAD software. For this purpose, polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) FC model is developed in PSCAD software. Power converter units are designed to supply DC and AC loads. Control structures are developed for DC–DC converter and DC–AC inverter models in PSCAD. Power conditioning units are separately controlled by proportional–integral controller. The electrical behaviour and control of FCs are investigated and simulated using PSCAD software. Then a developed PEM FC system model is tested for AC load conditions. The PEM FC system is connected to grid and the behaviours of grid connected FC system are examined.
An absolute calibration method of an ethyl alcohol biosensor based on wavelength-modulated differential photothermal radiometry
Authors: Liu Yi Jun , Mandelis Andreas , Guo Xinxin
Published: November 2015

In this work, laser-based wavelength-modulated differential photothermal radiometry (WM-DPTR) is applied to develop a non-invasive in-vehicle alcohol biosensor. WM-DPTR features unprecedented ethanol-specificity and sensitivity by suppressing baseline variations through a differential measurement near the peak and baseline of the mid-infrared ethanol absorption spectrum. Biosensor signal calibration curves are obtained from WM-DPTR theory and from measurements in human blood serum and ethanol solutions diffused from skin. The results demonstrate that the WM-DPTR-based calibrated alcohol biosensor can achieve high precision and accuracy for the ethanol concentration range of 0-100 mg/dl. The high-performance alcohol biosensor can be incorporated into ignition interlocks that could be fitted as a universal accessory in vehicles in an effort to reduce incidents of drinking and driving.
Extended two-temperature model for ultrafast thermal response of band gap materials upon impulsive optical excitation
Authors: Shin Taeho , Teitelbaum Samuel W. , Wolfson Johanna , Kandyla Maria , Nelson Keith A.
Published: November 2015

Thermal modeling and numerical simulations have been performed to describe the ultrafast thermal response of band gap materials upon optical excitation. A model was established by extending the conventional two-temperature model that is adequate for metals, but not for semiconductors. It considers the time- and space-dependent density of electrons photoexcited to the conduction band and accordingly allows a more accurate description of the transient thermal equilibration between the hot electrons and lattice. Ultrafast thermal behaviors of bismuth, as a model system, were demonstrated using the extended two-temperature model with a view to elucidating the thermal effects of excitation laser pulse fluence, electron diffusivity, electron-hole recombination kinetics, and electron-phonon interactions, focusing on high-density excitation.
Extending the applicability of Redfield theories into highly non-Markovian regimes
Authors: Montoya-Castillo Andrés , Berkelbach Timothy C. , Reichman David R.
Published: November 2015

We present a new, computationally inexpensive method for the calculation of reduced density matrix dynamics for systems with a potentially large number of subsystem degrees of freedom coupled to a generic bath. The approach consists of propagation of weak-coupling Redfield-like equations for the high-frequency bath degrees of freedom only, while the low-frequency bath modes are dynamically arrested but statistically sampled. We examine the improvements afforded by this approximation by comparing with exact results for the spin-boson model over a wide range of parameter space. We further generalize the method to multi-site models and compare with exact results for a model of the Fenna–Matthews–Olson complex. The results from the method are found to dramatically improve Redfield dynamics in highly non-Markovian regimes, at a similar computational cost. Relaxation of the mode-freezing approximation via classical (Ehrenfest) evolution of the low-frequency modes results in a dynamical hybrid method. We find that this Redfield-based dynamical hybrid approach, which is computationally more expensive than bare Redfield dynamics, yields only a marginal improvement over the simpler approximation of complete mode arrest.
Hydrodynamic and label-free sorting of circulating tumor cells from whole blood
Authors: Geislinger Thomas M. , Stamp Melanie E. M. , Wixforth Achim , Franke Thomas
Published: November 2015

We demonstrate continuous, passive, and label-free sorting of different in vitro cancer cell lines (MV3, MCF7, and HEPG2) as model systems for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from undiluted whole blood employing the non-inertial lift effect as driving force. This purely viscous, repulsive cell-wall interaction is sensitive to cell size and deformability differences and yields highly efficient cell separation and high enrichment factors. We show that the performance of the device is robust over a large range of blood cell concentrations and flow rates as well as for the different cell lines. The collected samples usually contain more than 90% of the initially injected CTCs and exhibit average enrichment factors of more than 20 for sorting from whole blood samples.
Regimes of enhanced electromagnetic emission in beam-plasma interactions
Authors: Timofeev I. V. , Annenkov V. V. , Arzhannikov A. V.
Published: November 2015

The ways to improve the efficiency of electromagnetic waves generation in laboratory experiments with high-current relativistic electron beams injected into a magnetized plasma are discussed. It is known that such a beam can lose, in a plasma, a significant part of its energy by exciting a high level of turbulence and heating plasma electrons. Beam-excited plasma oscillations may simultaneously participate in nonlinear processes resulting in a fundamental and second harmonic emissions. It is obvious, however, that in the developed plasma turbulence the role of these emissions in the total energy balance is always negligible. In this paper, we investigate whether electromagnetic radiation generated in the beam-plasma system can be sufficiently enhanced by the direct linear conversion of resonant beam-driven modes into electromagnetic ones on preformed regular inhomogeneities of plasma density. Due to the high power of relativistic electron beams, the mechanism discussed may become the basis for the generator of powerful sub-terahertz radiation.
Fluctuation-induced shear flow and energy transfer in plasma interchange turbulence
Authors: Li B. , Sun C. K. , Wang X. Y. , Zhou A. , Wang X. G. , Ernst D. R.
Published: November 2015

Fluctuation-induced E × B shear flow and energy transfer for plasma interchange turbulence are examined in a flux-driven system with both closed and open magnetic field lines. The nonlinear evolution of interchange turbulence shows the presence of two confinement regimes characterized by low and high E × B flow shear. In the first regime, the large-scale turbulent convection is dominant and the mean E × B shear flow is at a relatively low level. By increasing the heat flux above a certain threshold, the increased turbulent intensity gives rise to the transfer of energy from fluctuations to mean E × B flows. As a result, a transition to the second regime occurs, in which a strong mean E × B shear flow is generated.
The transition from two-dimensional to three-dimensional waves in falling liquid films: Wave patterns and transverse redistribution of local flow rates
Authors: Kharlamov S. M. , Guzanov V. V. , Bobylev A. V. , Alekseenko S. V. , Markovich D. M.
Published: November 2015

This article presents the results of experimental investigations of the process of transition from two-dimensional (2D) to three-dimensional (3D) waves in liquid films falling down a vertical plate. The method of laser induced fluorescence was used to obtain instant shapes of three dimensional waves and to investigate the regularities of formation of 3D wave patterns arising due to transverse instability of 2D waves. The obtained results were compared to the results from the published literature on the modeling of 3D wave regimes of film flow. Although many details of 3D wave patterns correspond well, there are a few significant distinctions between our experiments and modeling. In particular, during 2D-3D wave transition, we observed a strong transverse redistribution of liquid leading to the formation of rivulets on the surface of isothermal liquid film, which is a phenomenon not described previously. Possible discrepancies between modeling and experiments, including applicability of boundary layer models and downstream periodic boundary conditions, are discussed. The authors hope that the results presented in the article are of interest not only for modeling of film flows but also for practical applications because at large distances from the film inlet due to 2D-3D wave transition the local flow rates can differ several times at the transverse distances of about 1 cm, which is an effect that cannot be neglected.
Relationship between entropy and diffusion: A statistical mechanical derivation of Rosenfeld expression for a rugged energy landscape
Authors: Seki Kazuhiko , Bagchi Biman
Published: November 2015

Diffusion—a measure of dynamics, and entropy—a measure of disorder in the system are found to be intimately correlated in many systems, and the correlation is often strongly non-linear. We explore the origin of this complex dependence by studying diffusion of a point Brownian particle on a model potential energy surface characterized by ruggedness. If we assume that the ruggedness has a Gaussian distribution, then for this model, one can obtain the excess entropy exactly for any dimension. By using the expression for the mean first passage time, we present a statistical mechanical derivation of the well-known and well-tested scaling relation proposed by Rosenfeld between diffusion and excess entropy. In anticipation that Rosenfeld diffusion-entropy scaling (RDES) relation may continue to be valid in higher dimensions (where the mean first passage time approach is not available), we carry out an effective medium approximation (EMA) based analysis of the effective transition rate and hence of the effective diffusion coefficient. We show that the EMA expression can be used to derive the RDES scaling relation for any dimension higher than unity. However, RDES is shown to break down in the presence of spatial correlation among the energy landscape values.
Liquid metal ion source assembly for external ion injection into an electron string ion source (ESIS)
Authors: Segal M. J. , Bark R. A. , Thomae R. , Donets E. E. , Donets E. D. , Boytsov A. , Ponkin D. , Ramsdorf A.
Published: November 2015

An assembly for a commercial Ga+ liquid metal ion source in combination with an ion transportation and focusing system, a pulse high-voltage quadrupole deflector, and a beam diagnostics system has been constructed in the framework of the iThemba LABS (Cape Town, South Africa)—JINR (Dubna, Russia) collaboration. First, results on Ga+ ion beam commissioning will be presented. Outlook of further experiments for measurements of charge breeding efficiency in the electron string ion source with the use of external injection of Ga+ and Au+ ion beams will be reported as well.
An entropy based clustering order parameter for finite ensembles of oscillators
Authors: Nordenfelt Anders
Published: November 2015

Based on the entropy concept, we define a new clustering order parameter, denoted by c, feasible for finite systems of interacting oscillators. Unlike the generalized synchronization order parameters of the Kuramoto type, this new order parameter singles out the splay state as the unique state with c = 0, thus yielding a positive value whenever there is some kind of cluster formation in the system. It is therefore proposed to be monitored alongside the Kuramoto order parameters as a means to quantify the overall amount of clustering in the system.
Upconverting core-shell nanocrystals with high quantum yield under low irradiance: On the role of isotropic and thick shells
Authors: Fischer Stefan , Johnson Noah J. J. , Pichaandi Jothirmayanantham , Goldschmidt Jan Christoph , van Veggel Frank C. J. M.
Published: November 2015

Colloidal upconverter nanocrystals (UCNCs) that convert near-infrared photons to higher energies are promising for applications ranging from life sciences to solar energy harvesting. However, practical applications of UCNCs are hindered by their low upconversion quantum yield (UCQY) and the high irradiances necessary to produce relevant upconversion luminescence. Achieving high UCQY under practically relevant irradiance remains a major challenge. The UCQY is severely limited due to non-radiative surface quenching processes. We present a rate equation model for migration of the excitation energy to show that surface quenching does not only affect the lanthanide ions directly at the surface but also many other lanthanide ions quite far away from the surface. The average migration path length is on the order of several nanometers and depends on the doping as well as the irradiance of the excitation. Using Er3+-doped β-NaYF4 UCNCs, we show that very isotropic and thick (∼10 nm) β-NaLuF4 inert shells dramatically reduce the surface-related quenching processes, resulting in much brighter upconversion luminescence at simultaneously considerably lower irradiances. For these UCNCs embedded in poly(methyl methacrylate), we determined an internal UCQY of 2.0% ± 0.2% using an irradiance of only 0.43 ± 0.03 W/cm2 at 1523 nm. Normalized to the irradiance, this UCQY is 120× higher than the highest values of comparable nanomaterials in the literature. Our findings demonstrate the important role of isotropic and thick shells in achieving high UCQY at low irradiances from UCNCs. Additionally, we measured the additional short-circuit current due to upconversion in silicon solar cell devices as a proof of concept and to support our findings determined using optical measurements.
Mode coupling in terahertz metamaterials using sub-radiative and super-radiative resonators
Authors: Qiao Shen , Zhang Yaxin , Zhao Yuncheng , Liang Shixiong , Xu Gaiqi , Sun Han , Yang Ziqiang
Published: November 2015

We theoretically and experimentally explored the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) mode-coupling in terahertz (THz) metamaterial resonators, in which a dipole resonator with a super-radiative mode is coupled to an inductance-capacitance resonator with a sub-radiative mode. The interference between these two resonators depends on the relative spacing between them, resulting in a tunable transparency window in the absorption spectrum. Mode coupling was experimentally demonstrated for three spacing dependent EIT metamaterials. Transmittance of the transparency windows could be either enhanced or suppressed, producing different spectral linewidths. These spacing dependent mode-coupling metamaterials provide alternative ways to create THz devices, such as filters, absorbers, modulators, sensors, and slow-light devices.
Modeling of electron energy spectra and mobilities in semi-metallic Hg1−xCdxTe quantum wells
Authors: Melezhik E. O. , Gumenjuk-Sichevska J. V. , Sizov F. F.
Published: November 2015

Electron mobility, energy spectra, and intrinsic carrier concentrations in the n-type Hg0.32Cd0.68Te/Hg1−xCdxTe/Hg0.32Cd0.68Te quantum well (QW) in semi-metallic state are numerically modeled. Energy spectra and wave functions were calculated in the framework of the 8-band k-p Hamiltonian. In our model, electron scattering on longitudinal optical phonons, charged impurities, and holes has been taken into account, and the mobility has been calculated by an iterative solution of the Boltzmann transport equation. Our results show that the increase of the electron concentration in the well enhances the screening of the 2D electron gas, decreases the hole concentration, and can ultimately lead to a high electron mobility at liquid nitrogen temperatures. The increase of the electron concentration in the QW could be achieved in situ by delta-doping of barriers or by applying the top-gate potential. Our modeling has shown that for low molar composition x the concentration of holes in the well is high in a wide range of electron concentrations; in this case, the purity of samples does not significantly influence the electron mobility. These results are important in the context of establishing optimal parameters for the fabrication of high-mobility Hg1−xCdxTe quantum wells able to operate at liquid nitrogen temperature and thus suitable for applications in terahertz detectors.
Optical bistability induced by nonlinear surface plasmon polaritons in graphene in terahertz regime
Authors: Sanderson Matthew , Ang Yee Sin , Gong Sen , Zhao Tao , Hu Min , Zhong Renbin , Chen Xiaoxing , Zhang Ping , Zhang Chao , Liu Shenggang
Published: November 2015

We demonstrate optical bistability in a prism-air-graphene-dielectric structure. Under a moderate electric field in the terahertz frequency regime, the third order nonlinear optical conductivity is comparable to the linear conductivity. The nonlinear conductivity enhances the energy of surface plasmon polaritons. Both the energy and frequency of the surface plasmon polaritons depend on the strength of the nonlinear current in the graphene layer. When considering excitation in the Kretschmann configuration, the reflectance as a function of frequency exhibits bistability. The origin of the bistability is the field dependence of the plasmon mode. We have determined the parameter regime for the occurrence of bistability in this structure.
Clay-Supported Molybdenum-Based Catalysts for Higher Alcohol Synthesis from Syngas
Authors: Wu Gai-mei , Zhou Ji-long , Lv Mei-mei , Xie Wei , Sun Song , Gao Chen , Wang Wen-dong , Bao Jun
Published: November 2015

A kind of clay-supported K-Co-Mo catalyst was prepared by a sol-gel method combined with incipient wetness impregnation. The catalyst structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption, H2 temperature-programmed reduction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques and its catalytic performance for higher alcohol synthesis from syngas was investigated. The active components has a high dispersion on the clay support surface. The increase of the Mo loading promoted reduction of Mo6+ but had no significant influence on the reduction of Mo4+ and Co2+ species. After reduction, a kind of lower state Moδ+ (1<δ<4) species was observed on the surface. Compared with the unsupported catalyst, the clay supported K-Co-Mo catalysts showed much higher catalytic performance for alcohol formation. The reason can be explained that the supported catalyst have a high active surface area and the mesoporous structure prolonged the residence time of intermediates for alcohol formation to some extent, which promoted the formation of higher alcohols. The high activity of the catalyst reduced at 773 K may be attributed to the high content of Moδ+ (1<δ<4) species on the surface, which was regarded as the active site for the adsorption of nondissociative CO and responsible for the alcohol formation.
Observation of Interference Effects in (e, 2e) Electron Momentum Spectroscopy of SF6
Authors: Zhao Min-fu , Shan Xu , Yang Jing , Wang En-liang , Niu Shan-shan , Chen Xiang-jun
Published: November 2015

Two-dimensional electron density map (2D map) of binding energy and relative azimuthal angle (i.e., momentum) for the outer-valence molecular orbitals of SF6 has been measured by a highly sensitive electron momentum spectrometer with noncoplanar symmetric geometry at the impact energy of 1.2 keV plus binding energy. The experimental electron momentum profiles for the relevant molecular orbitals have been extracted from the 2D map and interpreted on the basis of the quantitative calculations using the density functional theory with B3LYP hybrid functional. For the outermost F2p nonbonding orbitals of SF6, the interference patterns are clearly observed in the ratios of the electron momentum profiles of molecular orbitals to that of atomic F2p orbital.
Charge Carrier Transfer in Ta3N5 Photoanodes Prepared by Different Methods for Solar Water Splitting
Authors: Li Mingxue , Luo Wenjun , Yang Liheng , Zhao Xin , Zou Zhigang
Published: November 2015

The preparation method of a photoanode can affect its water splitting property. Here, as examples, we prepared Ta3N5 photoanodes by an electrophoresis deposition (EPD) method and an oxidation and nitridation of Ta foil (ONTF) method. The light harvest, interfacial charge transfer, and charge separation of the two Ta3N5 photoanodes were analysed to gain insight into the role of the preparation method on the water splitting property. The results suggested that the ONTF-prepared Ta3N5 showed a higher solar energy conversion efficiency, arising from its better interfacial charge transfer efficiency and higher charge separation efficiency. The higher charge separation efficiency was mainly attributed to good electron transfer, and the inter-particle connectivity was key for the electron transfer in the photoanodes. Especially, the dense, small particle structure of ONTF-prepared Ta3N5 was beneficial for increasing the connectivity between inter-particles. This comparison of preparation methods can be used as a reference for future photoanode preparation to improve the water splitting property of photoelectrochemical cells.
A multifactorial approach to gerundial and to-infinitival verb-complementation patterns in native and non-native English
Authors: Deshors Sandra C.
Published: November 2015

This multifactorial corpus-based study focuses on verb-complementation constructions (Marcus started to draw a picturevs.Marcus started drawing a picture) and contrasts 3,119 occurrences of gerundial andto-infinitival constructions across native and non-native (ESL) English varieties. Using logistic regression modeling, I analyze how grammatical contexts constrain the syntactic choices of American and Hong Kong English speakers. The regression model reveals a level of complexity in the uses of gerundial/to-infinitival complements that had so far remained unnoticed. Specifically, speakers make syntactic decisions based on comprehensive grammatical contexts rather than single isolated semantic parameters (as previously reported). Further, for the two types of speakers different grammatical features play an influential role in the association of a given predicate with a particular complement type. This suggests that the two speaker populations do not share the same abstract knowledge of the semantic and morpho-syntactic constraints associated with each of the investigated type of complementation. Ultimately, this study shows that combining cognitively oriented theoretical frameworks with rigorous empirical corpus approaches helps distinguish what motivates native and ESL speakers’ syntactic choices.
Inconsistency of personality evaluation caused by appearance gap in robotic telecommunication
Authors: Kuwamura Kaiko , Minato Takashi , Nishio Shuichi , Ishiguro Hiroshi
Published: November 2015

Compared with other communication media such as cellphones and video chat, teleoperated robots have a physical existence which increases the feeling of copresence. However, the appearance of a teleoperated robot is always the same regardless of the characteristics of its operator. Since people can determine their partner’s personality from his/her appearance, a teleoperated robot’s appearance might construct a personality that confuses the user. Our research focuses on establishing what kind of appearance of the telecommunication media could prevent confusion and increase the feeling of copresence. In this study, we compare the appearance of three types of communication media (nonhuman-like robot, human-like robot, and video chat with a projection of the speaker). The result shows that, in the case of the human-like robot, the consistency of the personality judgment is better than in the case of the nonhuman-like robot. Also, we found that teleoperated robots transmit a more appropriate context-based atmosphere, while the video chat transmits more nonverbal information, such as facial expressions.
The effects of culture and context on perceptions of robotic facial expressions
Authors: Bennett Casey C. , Šabanović Selma
Published: November 2015

We report two experimental studies of human perceptions of robotic facial expressions while systematically varying context effects and the cultural background of subjects (n = 93). Except for Fear, East Asian and Western subjects were not significantly different in recognition rates, and, while Westerners were better at judging affect from mouth movement alone, East Asians were not any better at judging affect based on eye/brow movement alone. Moreover, context effects appeared capable of over-riding such cultural differences, most notably for Fear. The results seem to run counter to previous theories of cultural differences in facial expression based on emoticons and eye fixation patterns. We connect this to broader research in cognitive science – suggesting the findings support a dynamical systems view of social cognition as an emergent phenomenon. The results here suggest that, if we can induce appropriate context effects, it may be possible to createculture-neutral modelsof robots and affective interaction.
Lifespan development in the academy of American poets
Authors: Thomson David E.
Published: November 2015

The present study investigated lifespan writing tendencies among members of the Academy of American Poets (N = 411). All original English language poems (N = 2,558) available on the Academy website during 2013 were included provided that each poet was represented by at least two poems. Correlations of the age in which each poet published each poem with established indicators of lifespan development were small to moderate (r’s from -.11 to .16). Contrary to lifespan development for expository and emotionally expressive writing, poets tended to employ past tense and use less emotionally valenced language as they aged. Multilevel analysis revealed no significant relationships between publishing age and maturation outcomes, although that process did indicate various curvilinear relations. I conclude by discussing the implications of automated text analysis on literary analysis of career development.
Reading beyond the lines
Authors: McCarthy Kathryn S.
Published: November 2015

Reading literature requires not only understanding the literal meaning of the text, but also constructing a nonliteral interpretation of the text’s deeper meaning yet little is known about the psychological processes involved when interpretations are constructed. The current paper presents a review of the extant work from literary theory, empirical studies of literature, and research from more general cognitive text comprehension to explore the conditions under which literary interpretations are made and what this discipline-specific reading behavior can tell us about more general text comprehension.
A unified approach for Littlewood-Paley decomposition of abstract Besov spaces
Authors: Mayeli Azita
Published: November 2015

We apply spectral theoretic methods to obtain a Littlewood-Paley decomposition of abstract inhomogeneous Besov spaces in terms of “smooth” and “bandlimited” functions. Well-known decompositions in several contexts are shown as special examples and are unified under the spectral theoretic approach.
Bede’s horologium: Observational Astronomy and the Problem of the Equinoxes in Early Medieval Europe (c.700–1100)
Authors: Nothaft C. Philipp E.
Published: November 2015

This essay aims to establish the Venerable Bede’s place in the history of medieval astronomy by examining certain frequently cited passages that suggest that he and other monks in early eighth-century Northumbria measured the date of the vernal equinox by means of a sundial or horologium. These references must be located in the context of ongoing controversies between the ‘Roman’ and ‘Celtic’ parties in the British Isles, who followed diverging conventions for calculating the time of Easter and located the vernal equinox on different dates. While it is indeed possible to identify instruments and methods that may have served Bede in supporting his case for the ‘Roman’ equinox on 21 March, the historical significance of his appeals to horologica consideratio lies primarily in their reception by subsequent authors, who took from Bede the notion that observation was a legitimate way of validating computistical doctrines. This line of influence culminated in the frequently overlooked work of William of Hirsau (before 1069), who employed innovative observational techniques to establish new conventions for the dates of the equinoxes and solstices, thus providing us with a crucial link between the early medieval computus tradition and the assimilation of Arabic astronomical knowledge during the eleventh and twelfth centuries.
A Novel Technique for Twin-Loop Pertrochanteric Wiring
Authors: Platt William J. A. , Waters Tim S.
Published: November 2015

Iatrogenic calcar cracks when inserting uncemented arthroplasty stems are usually treated by stem removal and trochanteric wiring. The authors propose a novel method using a proprietary twin-wire cerclage system which confers potential benefits over a traditional single wire technique to treat this surgical problem.
EcOH:In silicoserotyping ofE. colifrom short read data
Authors: Ingle Danielle J. , Valcanis Mary , Kuzevski Alex , Tauschek Marija , Inouye Michael , Stinear Tim , Levine Myron M. , Robins-Browne Roy M. , Holt Kathryn E.
Published: November 2015

The lipopolysaccharide (O) and flagellar (H) surface antigens ofEscherichia coliare targets for serotyping that have traditionally been used to identify pathogenic lineages ofE. coli. As serotyping has several limitations, public health reference laboratories are increasingly moving towards whole genome sequencing (WGS) for the rapid characterisation of bacterial isolates. Here we present a method to rapidly and accurately serotypeE. coliisolates from raw, short read sequence data, leveraging the known genetic basis for the biosynthesis of O- and H-antigens. Our approach bypasses the need forde novogenome assembly by directly screening WGS reads against a curated database of alleles linked to knownE. coliO-groups and H-types (the EcOH database) using the software package SRST2. We validated our approach by comparingin silicoresults with those obtained via serological phenotyping of 197 enteropathogenic (EPEC) isolates. We also demonstrated the utility of our method to characterise enterotoxigenicE. coli(ETEC) and the uropathogenicE. coli(UPEC) epidemic clone ST131, and forin silicoserotyping of foodborne outbreak-related isolates in the public GenomeTrakr database.
Understanding HIV risk behaviors in prison: a qualitative study among recently released inmates
Authors: Abiona Titilayo , Balogun Joseph , Adefuye Adedeji , Anguh Ivonne
Published: November 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to explore HIV risk behaviors of inmates during incarceration and gain an in-depth understanding of the context within which these behaviors occur.

Design/methodology/approach

– In total, 47 recently released ex-offenders participated in focus group discussions that explored the contexts surrounding inmate engagement in HIV risk behaviors in prison. Data were analyzed using NVivo 7 and results were organized into themes.

Findings

– Inmates engaged behaviors that could predispose them to HIV infection. These behaviors include unprotected sexual intercourse, transactional sex, injection drug use, tattooing, and body piercing. The results of this study show that the contexts within which risk behaviors occur among inmates are complex, involving inmates, corrections staff, and visitors. The reasons why inmates engage in risk behaviors are also myriad: finance; addiction; boredom; deprivation; prison culture; slack security and monitoring; indifference by correctional officers; and violence.

Practical implications

– Prevention of risk behaviors and ultimately HIV transmission in prison requires a multi-dimensional ecological approach that focusses on the inmates, prison staff, prison system, policies, and policy makers.

Originality/value

– This paper attempts to explore HIV risk behaviors of prison inmates. It is of value to health professionals, security agents, administrators, and non-governmental organizations that work with the incarcerated population.
Explaining poor health-seeking among HIV-infected released prisoners
Authors: Bhushan Ambika , Brown Shan-Estelle , Marcus Ruthanne , Altice Frederick L
Published: November 2015

Purpose

– Little is understood about the self-described barriers that recently released HIV-infected prisoners face when accessing healthcare and adhering to medications. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate these barriers from the perspective of released prisoners themselves.

Design/methodology/approach

– A qualitative assessment using 30 semi-structured interviews explored individuals’ self-reported acute stressors and barriers to health-seeking during community re-integration for recidivist prisoners. Leventhal’s Self-Regulation Model of Illness (SRMI) is applied to examine both structural and psychological barriers.

Findings

– The SRMI explains that individuals have both cognitive and emotional processing elements to their illness representations, which mediate coping strategies. Cognitive representations of HIV that mediated treatment discontinuation included beliefs that HIV was stigmatizing, a death sentence, or had no physiological consequences. Negative emotional states of hopelessness and anger were either acute or chronic responses that impaired individuals’ motivation to seek care post-release. Individuals expressed feelings of mistrust, fatalism and denial as coping strategies in response to their illness, which reduced likelihood to seek HIV care.

Originality/value

– Interventions for HIV-infected individuals transitioning to the community must incorporate structural and psychological components. Structural support includes housing assistance, employment and health insurance, and linkage to mental health, substance abuse and HIV care. Psychological support includes training to enhance agency with medication self-administration and HIV education to correct false beliefs and reduce distress. Additionally, healthcare workers should be specifically trained to establish trust with these vulnerable populations.
Measuring climate change on Twitter using Google’s algorithm: perception and events
Authors: Hamed Ahmed Abdeen , Ayer Alexa A. , Clark Eric M. , Irons Erin A. , Taylor Grant T. , Zia Asim
Published: November 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to test the hypothesis of whether more complex and emergent hashtags can be sufficient pointers to climate change events. Human-induced climate change is one of this century’s greatest unbalancing forces to have affected our planet. Capturing the public awareness of climate change on Twitter has proven to be significant. In a previous research, it was demonstrated by the authors that public awareness is prominently expressed in the form of hashtags that uses more than one bigram (i.e. a climate change term). The research finding showed that this awareness is expressed by more complex terms (e.g. “climate change”). It was learned that the awareness was dominantly expressed using the hashtag: #ClimateChange.

Design/methodology/approach

– The methods demonstrated here use objective computational approaches [i.e. Google’s ranking algorithm and Information Retrieval measures (e.g. TFIDF)] to detect and rank the emerging events.

Findings

– The results shows a clear significant evidence for the events signaled using emergent hashtags and how globally influential they are. The research detected the Earth Day, 2015, which was signaled using the hashtag #EarthDay. Clearly, this is a day that is globally observed by the worldwide population.

Originality/value

– It was proven that these computational methods eliminate the subjectivity errors associated with humans and provide inexpensive solution for event detection on Twitter. Indeed, the approach used here can also be applicable to other types of event detections, beyond climate change, and surely applicable to other social media platforms that support the use of hashtags (e.g. Facebook). The paper explains, in great detail, the methods and all the numerous events detected.
To each his own: how to provide a library user with an article respecting licence agreements
Authors: Mangiaracina Silvana , Russo Ornella , Tugnoli Alessandro
Published: November 2015

Purpose

– This paper aims to describe the state of the art of the Italian Archivio Licenze Periodici Elettronici (ALPE) project which aims to improve the understanding of the issues raised by licence agreements of electronic resources in the Inter-Library Loan Service and to support librarians in the implementation of the right policies.

Design/methodology/approach

– ALPE – (E-Journals Licenses Archive) is a national archive of interlibrary loan (ILL) clauses, extracted from standard and negotiated licences, to manage, to publicly share and to check the permitted uses of e-resources for ILL and document delivery.

Findings

– The ALPE archive facilitates public and free access to a remarkable amount of information and data about ILL conditions granted by the most important commercial and academic publishers, and responds to the practical problems of managing and understanding ILL clauses in e-licences.

Originality/value

– The solutions adopted by ALPE effectively solve many of the problems reported in the literature. These should help ILL librarians in dealing with the problems associated with ILL and licensing.
Why business model innovations fail
Authors: Friedrich von den Eichen Stephan , Freiling Joerg , Matzler Kurt
Published: November 2015

Purpose

– This paper aims to discuss the barriers to successful business model innovation and derive implications for management on how to overcome each barrier, as many attempts to innovate a business model have failed.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors draw on their experience they gained in numerous business model innovation projects and identify barriers that occur along a cycle of business model innovation, the authors use case examples to describe the barriers and derive managerial implications.

Findings

– Barriers to successful business model innovation are related to barriers of awareness, search, system, logic and culture. Very often, these barriers are not recognized as such. Overcoming those barriers has to do with openness, with opening, with networking, with affirmation (and mastering) of complexity and thinking and acting in a whole.

Originality/value

– With this paper, the authors contribute to a better understanding of why many business model innovations fail, they identify and describe barriers to business model innovation and develop some recommendations for managers on how to overcome the barriers.
Detection of second-generation images using an assessment criteria method
Authors: Porter Glenn , Ebeyan Robert
Published: November 2015

Purpose

– The ability to distinguish between “original” and “copied” images has been a persistent forensic imaging difficulty and can be of some importance to certain criminal and civil investigations. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a novel assessment criteria method that incorporates visual and metadata-based information for the purpose of determining whether images are original or second-generation duplicates (copies made by rephotographing the original hardcopy).

Design/methodology/approach

– The study reflects difficulties raised from forensic cases and is modelled on fraud investigation that involved images sourced from camera phones. The method involved a new assessment-based criteria approach and the results were evaluated through their application to a sample set of second-generation images.

Findings

– The evaluation confirmed the validity of several theorised detection artefacts resulting in the articulation and presentation of 17 detection criteria considered useful for supporting image analysis.

Originality/value

– The result of this study is an expansion of the tools available to examiners for addressing complex image authentication problems. The criteria approach also assists with transparently communicating the details of the photo interpretation processes for review and scrutiny.
Development and implementation of autism standards for prisons
Authors: Lewis Alexandra , Pritchett Robert , Hughes Clare , Turner Kim
Published: November 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to describe the experience of a southern English young offenders institution in developing and implementing standards to improve awareness and care of prisoners with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD).

Design/methodology/approach

– Some contextual factors driving the project are discussed, the multi-agency process involved in the development and implementation of the standards is described and recommendations are made regarding implementation of the standards in other settings.

Findings

– It is expected that successful implementation of the standards will reduce the level of distress and difficulty experienced by people with ASD who find themselves in custody, it will also improve the prison’s ability to meet the needs of prisoners with ASD and thereby improve rehabilitation and reduce any adverse impact on everyday operational processes. Demonstrating success in meeting the standards will enable the prison to achieve accreditation by the National Autistic Society. In March 2015 the prisons minister encouraged all prisons to follow this approach and this will have practice and resource implications.

Originality/value

– This paper describes a clear framework which prisons can use to work systematically towards achieving good practice in addressing the needs of prisoners with ASD. It will enable prisons to meet the duties imposed on them by the Autism Act, 2009 and the Equalities Act, 2010.
Screening and diagnostic assessment of neurodevelopmental disorders in a male prison
Authors: McCarthy Jane , Chaplin Eddie , Underwood Lisa , Forrester Andrew , Hayward Hannah , Sabet Jessica , Young Susan , Asherson Philip , Mills Richard , Murphy Declan
Published: November 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to identify neurodevelopmental disorders and difficulties (NDD) in a male prison. The study used standardised tools to carry out screening and diagnostic assessment of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID).

Design/methodology/approach

– The ADHD self-report scale, 20-item autism quotient and the Learning Disability Screening Questionnaire were used to screen 240 male prisoners. Prisoners who screened positive on one or more of these scales or self-reported a diagnosis of ADHD, ASD or ID were further assessed using the diagnostic interview for ADHD in adults, adapted Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and the Quick Test.

Findings

– Of the 87 prisoners who screened positive for NDD and were further assessed, 70 met the study’s diagnostic criteria for ADHD, ASD or ID. Most of those with NDD (51 per cent) had previously gone unrecognised and a high proportion (51 per cent) were identified through staff- or self-referral to the study.

Originality/value

– The study demonstrated that improving awareness and providing access to skilled, standardised assessment within a male prison can result in increased recognition and identification of NDD.