bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les « vertus épistémiques » : un champ de problèmes crucial pour les sciences de l’éducation
Authors: Charbonnier Sébastien
Published: January 2016

Résumé Depuis une vingtaine d’années, un champ nouveau de problèmes émerge dans la recherche philosophique anglophone : l’épistémologie des vertus ( Virtue Epistemology ). Il s’agit de questionner le problème des qualités personnelles nécessaires pour parvenir au vrai, ou du moins pour effectuer une recherche intellectuelle. De tels problèmes transversaux entre l’épistémologie et l’éthique concernent directement les problèmes éducatifs et pédagogiques. S’y déploie un véritable trésor conceptuel que la recherche en sciences de l’éducation gagnerait à connaître : nombre de faux problèmes et de débats stériles s’écroulent lorsqu’on ne considère plus séparément les questions épistémiques (conditions de compréhension rationnelle d’une idée par un individu) et les questions éthiques (conditions émotionnelles et affectives qui permettent une disposition favorable aux apprentissages – qui supposent capacité à s’étonner, patience, écoute de l’autre, etc.).
Use of coconut fibre reinforced concrete and coconut-fibre ropes for seismic-resistant construction
Authors: Ali Majid
Published: January 2016

Earthquake-resistant and economical housing is the most desirable need in rural areas of developing countries. These regions often suffer significant loss of life during a seismic event. To enable an efficient and cost-effective solution, a new concept of construction, i.e. a wallette of interlocking blocks with movability at the interface and rope reinforcement, is investigated. The novel interlocking block is made of coconut fibre reinforced concrete (CFRC). The reason for using coconut fibre is their highest toughness amongst natural fibres. This paper describes the in-plane behaviour of the interlocking wallette under earthquake loadings. The wallette response is measured in terms of induced acceleration, block uplift, top maximum relative displacement and rope tension. The applied earthquake loadings cannot produce any damage in the structure, i.e. blocks and/or ropes. The response of the wallette is explained in detail along with correlation of materials aspect with structural behaviour.
Study of potential advantages of pre-soaking on the properties of pre-cast concrete made with recycled coarse aggregate
Authors: Sánchez-Roldán Z. , Martín-Morales M. , Valverde-Palacios I. , Valverde-Espinosa I. , Zamorano M.
Published: January 2016

Recycled aggregate (RA) from construction and demolition waste is traditionally used for the manufacture of concrete for different applications. Due primarily to high water content required by RA, the quality of the concrete is determined by the amount of replacement RA. The aim of this study is to determine if RA pre-soaking enhances the properties of pre-cast concrete for street furniture, with low mechanical and structural requirements, in which 100% of the coarse fraction is replaced. The results of physical and mechanical tests performed on concrete specimens in which the RA was pre-soaked using five different methods applied are compared with a reference concrete sample and a concrete sample made with non-pre-soaked RA. The results show that non-pre-soaked RA offers improved physical-mechanical properties for pre-cast concrete, except for the workability; problems arising from poorer workability could be improved with the use of plasticizers, which can be easily included in the production process.
Influence of cactus mucilage and marine brown algae extract on the compressive strength and durability of concrete
Authors: Hernández E. F. , Cano-Barrita P. F. de J. , Torres-Acosta A. A.
Published: January 2016

This paper presents the mechanical performance and durability of concrete with water/cement (w/c) ratios of 0.30 and 0.60 containing cactus mucilage and brown marine seaweed extract solutions (at 0.5° Brix concentrations). Cylindrical specimens (100 mm x 200 mm) were cast and moist-cured for 0 and 28 days. Compressive strength, rapid chloride permeability, and chloride diffusion tests were conducted to evaluate all of the concrete mixes at the ages of 60 and 120 days. In addition, accelerated carbonation tests were carried out on specimens at the age of 180 days by exposure to 23 °C, 60% RH and at 4.4% CO2 for 120 days. The compressive strength results showed that only one concrete mix with admixtures increased in strength compared to the control. Regarding the rapid chloride permeability, chloride diffusion and carbonation, the results indicated that the durability of concretes containing organic additions was enhanced compared to the control.
De la sauvegarde de la justice à la sauvegarde du magistrat : Une impossible objectivation des critères restreignant la liberté d’expression ?
Authors: Baudot Jean-Baptiste , Larre Floriane , Schornstein Coraline
Published: January 2016

La liberté d’expression, garantie par l’article 11 de la Déclaration des droits de l’Homme de 1789 et par l’article 10 de la Convention européenne des droits de l’Homme (CEDH), est affirmée comme étant à la fois essentielle dans toute société démocratique1 – elle préserve le pluralisme des idées et des opinions – et matricielles – car de nombreux droits et libertés sont réputés en découler telles que la liberté de la presse2, la liberté artistique3, etc. Toutefois, cette liberté n’est pas inconditionnelle. Elle peut être limitée par d’autres libertés de valeur constitutionnelle ou conventionnelle. Ainsi, parce que l’autorité judiciaire est également un pilier de la démocratie, l’outrage à magistrat dans l’exercice de ses fonctions (articles 433-5 et 434-25 du code pénal) et l’atteinte portée au respect dû à l’autorité et à l’indépendance de la justice (articles 434-25 et 434-44 du code pénal) font partie de ces restrictions possibles. C’est ce que rappelle l’arrêt de la Cour d’appel de Paris, du 22 octobre 2015 qui condamne Henri Guaino, député des Yvelines, pour outrage à magistrat dans l’exercice de ses fonctions.
Experimental Measurements of the Human Knee Flexion Angle during Squat Exercises
Authors: Tarniţă Daniela , Rosca Adrian , Geonea Ionut , Calafeteanu Dan
Published: January 2016

In this paper the knee joint biomechanics during squat exercises is studied. Using an acquisition system based on electro-goniometers, measurements of flexion-extension knee angle during squat movement on a sample group of healthy subjects are performed. For each subject the curves of knee squat angle are normalized and the mean squat cycle of each subject and the final medium cycle are determined. The phase plane portraits are used to characterize the kinematics of the biomechanical system. Using ADAMS software, the forces components and the resultant connection force during squat cycle in the human knee joint are determined.
Wavelet Analysis of Humans with Osteoarthritis
Authors: Tarniţă Daniela , Marghitu Dan , Craciunoiu Nicolae
Published: January 2016

In this research proposal we want to develop from kinematic data, measures using thewavelets theory to characterize normal and osteoarthritis knee locomotion. The kinematic data of theradio-carpal flexion-extension angles were analyzed using the wavelet transform. The experimentaldata was acquired with a complex goniometer system. The detail energy for the level 5 is an importantfactor to characterize the osteoarthritis patients and normal subjects.
The 3D Virtual Model of a Classical Hip Joint Prosthesis
Authors: Calin Daniel , Tarniţă Daniela , Popa Dragos , Rosca Adrian , Tarnita Dan
Published: January 2016

In this paper were presented the main steps for defining a virtual prosthetic hip. The elements of the classic hip prosthesis were generated, one by one, using direct measurement method. These elements were included in the biomechanical hip system. The entire model was divided in finite elements. Starting from this 3D model, the goal of the research is to determine new geometries and optimized solutions for an innovative hip prosthesis.
Virtual Model and Simulation of the Normal and Affected Human Hip Joint
Authors: Calin Daniel , Tarniţă Daniela , Popa Dragos , Calafeteanu Dan , Tarnita Dan
Published: January 2016

To generate a virtual human hip is a main goal for our research team. Also, starting from the normal virtual hip joint and using the important orthopedics information was defined the affected hip joint. All these models were generated in a 3D virtual environment starting with CT scanning images. Using an original method all the scanned CT images were re-defined and re-drawn and transferred to the 3D software. The resulted curves were used to generate the bones and the virtual complex system of both hip joints. With motion and geometric constrains the bio-mechanical assemblies were defined, starting from anatomical information. The normal hip joint and the model of the affected hip were defined and exported to ANSYS, software based on Finite element analysis.
Vehicles’ Passive Safety Systems Influence on Driver’s Thorax Injuries
Authors: Oţăt Oana Victoria , Dumitru Nicolae , Oţăt Victor
Published: January 2016

The present underpins a computer-assisted investigation regarding the driver’s behavior and the injuries suffered in frontal vehicle collision, more precisely the injuries suffered in the thorax area. Hence, by means of the LS-Dyna software package we have carried out two series of virtual simulations with a dummy positioned on the driver’s place, i.e. belted and unbelted. For the simulation we have selected a Hybrid III 5th percentile female dummy. Aiming at achieving a simulation that would display a high accuracy degree with respect to the driver’s kinematic behaviour at the impact moment, our complete model also included, besides the dummy, the elements in the habitable: the seat, the seat belt, the steering wheel, the airbag and the dash board. Thus, the focus of the undertaken study was to establish the accelerations in the driver’s thorax area as well as the injury degree, expressed by the CSI (Chest Severity Index). The results obtained validated our hypothesis in that passive safety systems, i.e. the seat belt, diminish considerably the driver’s injuries degree in case of a road traffic accident.
On the Progressive VZN Shock Absorber Performances and Dissipated Energy
Authors: Niculescu Adrian Ioan
Published: January 2016

The VZN shock absorber concept granted with European Patent EP 1 190 184 is characterized by damping coefficients self according with road and load conditions.The simulations made on vehicles equipped with new VZN shock absorbers concept relative to standard one, indicates better behavior concerning stability, comfort and reduced dissipated energy, with fuel consumption and pollution reducing effect.Starting on these remarks the paper evaluates the influence of the damping characteristic in suspension performances and dissipated energy, based a simulation on a Californian road realized with Matlab Simulink software.Since year 2006 simulations on model ¼ cars demonstrates the VZN damper concept give skyhook behavior, decrease squat, vertical acceleration, the number and intensity of stopper bumper collision, the adherence, increasing thus the vehicle stability, comfort and reliability.Tests on models ½ car, show the VZN concept increases stability at pitch and roll and confirm the previous results obtained on ¼ models.The current work completed previous research with one demonstrating other VZN qualities e.g. its capacity to manage damping coefficient, no more and no less, assuring high performances and thus reducing the dissipated energy, with favorable effect for reducing fuel consumption and pollution.The comparison between the behaviors of the VZN shock absorber relative to the standard shock absorber has been realized for body displacement, squat, acceleration and dissipated energy.The VZN progressive damper concept gives better behavior comparative to standard one, 6% at car body bounce, 37 % for RMS acceleration and 28.4 % for dissipated energy, these means it confer better body-ground clearance, comfort and fuel consumption and pollution.The VZN damping coefficients accorded with the vehicles load and with road unevenness confer a soft response at low excitation and strong reactions at high excitations, dissipating energy function of the needs, assuring thus comfort at small and medium excitation and protecting the axles and body at hard conditions.
On-Board Malfunction Simulations on Vehicles that Are Equipped with Electronic Control Systems
Authors: Lespezeanu Ion , Militaru Florin Marius , Alexa Octavian , Ilie Constantin Ovidiu , Marinescu Marin
Published: January 2016

On-board malfunction simulation consists of generating controlled malfunctions by transmitting, through sensor connector, a signal of a certain variation/ wave to the electronic control unit. Thus, the control unit will interpret that the monitored system has a malfunction. The main advantage of this method is that it allows the simulation for a wide range of malfunctions without requiring complex operations when changing from one type of malfunction to another. Also, this method (nondestructive type) exploits the technical potential of on-board diagnosis systems which fit modern vehicles and it allows to use the same devices for all types of simulated malfunctions.
Some Considerations about the Influence of the Stress Intensity Factors KImin, KIImax and Keq in Fatigue Crack Propagation in the Substrate of the Gear Teeth
Authors: Popa Claudiu Ovidiu , Haragâş Simion
Published: January 2016

The values of the stress intensity factor (SIF) KI are almost always negative in the substrate of the gear teeth, due to the compressive stresses field. The more negative values are higher, respectively, the positive values are lower, the crack faces are more compressed, so the probability of crack propagation after the mode I is lower. Thus, the analysis of the factors leading to the minimum KI values may reveal the conditions that favor the fatigue crack propagation by opening mode. Instead, SIF KII is determinant in the growth rate of the fatigue crack by mode II, in terms of compressive stresses field. Thus, the more KII is higher, the propagation speed is higher, so an analysis of the factors that lead to its maximum value is very useful. The equivalent stress intensity factor Keq corresponds to a mixed-mode of loading and take into account the simultaneous influence of both stress intensity factors KI and KII. The variation of this factor can be used as a parameter of the modified Paris law, in order to study the propagation of the fatigue cracks in the case of mixed-mode loading of contact area between teeth flanks. SIFs variations were analyzed according to the state of stresses, position on the pitch line between the gear teeth flanks, position and angle of an initial crack in the gear tooth substrate, residual tensions etc.
Predesign of Automotive Independent Suspensions: Implementation as MDesign Calculation Module
Authors: Covaciu Dinu , Preda Ion , Dima Dragoş Sorin , Chiru Anghel
Published: January 2016

Implementation of an algorithm as a software module is not an easy task for a mechanical engineer. Usually the design engineer needs to be assisted by a programmer when a new software module is to be designed. The MDesign approach offers a way to create custom calculation modules by the user himself, who in this case is the automotive engineer, using only basic programming knowledge. This paper is focused on the development of a computation software module when the algorithm is already established. It is presented the case of the independent suspension predesign algorithm, but the same way is used for any other mechanical system. The MDesign framework was created for mechanical design and it was extended with a custom component dedicated to automotive engineering. A calculation module consists of program code and data, and is designed to execute an implemented algorithm and to provide the user with some text and graphics information.
Simulation and Modeling of Compression Stroke in Diesel Engines
Authors: Dawwa Mahran , Baboiu Iulia Luninita
Published: January 2016

The objective of this study is to simulate the compression stroke in diesel engines by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and to model the compression stroke by using thermodynamic equations for Ideal gases and polynomial function that fits thermodynamic data of JANAF tables. The most important parameters to be simulated and modeled during the compression stroke are temperature and pressure of cylinder gases because of their important effects on mixture formation inside the engine combustion chamber. The simulation part will be performed using ANSYS ICE software. The modeling part will be performed using a MATLAB program composed by the corresponding author. Simulation and modeling process will be carried out between the intake valve close (IVC) and top dead center (TDC), the results of simulation and modeling will be compared and discussed.
Adaptable Minirobots for Pipe Inspection Task
Authors: Tătar Mihai Olimpiu , Mândru Dan , Ardelean Ioan , Pleşa Alin
Published: January 2016

In the first part, the paper presents a classification of the in pipe inspection robots and the features of the mechanisms used in the design of the pipe inspection robots with adaptable structure. The authors’ contribution to the development of three wheeled minirobots with two four bar mechanisms placed on two parallel planes, is presented is the second part of the paper.
Investigation on the Intake Process for a Theoretical Twin Opposite Piston Compressor Using R744 Refrigerant
Authors: Groza Doru , Dogariu Dan Mihai
Published: January 2016

This study aims to validate the use of R744 for a resonant twin piston compressor for domestic applications. The vapor-compression refrigeration is the most commonly approached method for cooling household appliances such as refrigerators and air conditioning systems. The R134a refrigerant is one of the most suitable refrigerants from an energetic point of view. R744 (CO2) compressors are less efficient, but the fact that the R134a raises serious environmental issues pushes commercial trend towards the usage of R744 [1]-[3]. Use of R744 in household appliances is currently an open topic and no company has switched yet to the environmental-friendly alternative. In this paper the fill efficiency will be simulated in order to validate if a conventional compressor such as the opposite twin piston compressor is capable of filling with refrigerant when operating at a 50Hz frequency. Such a validation can enable further investigations regarding the replacement of R134a with R744.
Biomineralix (COST Action TD0903), 2009-2014: An Overview
Authors: Marin Frédéric , Medaković Davorin , Brümmer Franz
Published: January 2016

Biomineralization is the process by which living systems produce minerals. At theEuropean scale, this particular scientific field associates researchers of diverse horizons,ranging from zoology, mineralogy, palaeontology, and environmental sciences to materialssciences, dentistry and bone surgery. In this context, the COST Action TD0903, also referredas Biomineralix, was set up in November 2009 under the auspices of the COST Office inBrussels. This scientific network was active during four and half years, until May 2014. Itassociated 17 European countries, and a total of 29 laboratories. Its main objectives weremultiple: 1. To promote biochemical and proteomic research on the biomineralisationprocesses of diverse biological models, ranging from microorganisms to metazoans, such asmolluscs or sea urchins. 2. To characterize biominerals owing to the most advancedbiochemical and biophysical techniques. 3. To use natural biominerals as sentinels to recordenvironmental parameters and pollutions in terrestrial, riverine or marine ecosystems. 4. Totake lessons from natural systems to generate novel biomimetic or bioinspired materials,according to soft chemical processes. These research trends organized the action in fourworking groups. The present paper evaluates four and half years of functioning of thenetwork. It reviews some of the major results, in particular those acquired in the frame ofShort-Term Scientific Missions (STSMs), and lists the corresponding scientific papers.
Experimental Modeling of Bacterially-Induced Ca Carbonate Precipitation: New Insights on Possible Mechanisms
Authors: Bundeleva Irina A. , Shirokova Liudmila S. , Kompantseva Elena I. , Bénézeth Pascale , Ménez Bénédicte , Marin Frédéric , Pokrovsky Oleg S.
Published: January 2016

The contribution of microorganisms, particularly bacteria, in carbonate mineral formation, the main natural processes controlling CO2 level in the atmosphere, has played an important role since the Archean Eon. In this study we review our recent experimental work on CaCO3 precipitation induced by two anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (APB), Rhodovulum steppense A-20sT and Rhodovulum sp. S-17-65, and by cyanobacteria Gloeocapsa sp. f-6gl. These bacteria are representatives of two important groups of photosynthetic organisms present at the Earth surface both in the past and at the present times. The mechanisms of organomineralization deriving from APB and cyanobacteria activities are drastically different and relate to the main physical and chemical processes controlling CaCO3 precipitation from aqueous solution, essentially local supersaturation with respect to carbonates induced by photosynthesis outside the living cells and Ca adsorption onto cell surface and the associated extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).The APB can physiologically control their surface potential to electrostatically attract nutrients at alkaline pH, while rejecting Ca ions to prevent Ca adsorption and subsequent CaCO3 precipitation in the vicinity of cell surface and thus, cell incrustation. In contrast to other previously-investigated calcifying bacteria, no cellular protection mechanism against Ca2+ adsorption and subsequent carbonate precipitation has been evidenced for cyanobacteria Gloeocapsa sp. f-6gl. This is most likely linked to the peculiar cellular organization of this species that involves several cells clustered in one single capsule. In this regard, colony-forming, EPS-rich, capsular cyanobacteria may be among the most efficient calcifying microorganisms all along the Earth history and can be of interest for various technological applications involving carbonation.
Biocomposites for Orthopedic and Dental Application
Authors: Furtos Gabriel , Silaghi-Dumitrescu Laura , Lewandowska Katarzyna , Sionkowska Alina , Pascuta Petru
Published: January 2016

The development of polymer and inorganic filler lead to new biocomposite materials with a wide range of applications in orthopedic and dental application. Biomposites possess an excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability and superior mechanical properties. The inclusion of bioactive filler of hydroxyapatite, wollastonite glass-ceramics and bioactive glass could provide bioactivity of biocomposites. This review summarizes the recent work on the development of biocomposites containing biopolymers with different bioactive particles suitable for use in bone defects/bone regeneration and dental application.
Bioceramics and Biocomposites from Marine Sources
Authors: Antoniac Iulian Vasile , Lesci Isidoro Giorgio , Blajan Ana Iulia , Vitioanu Greta , Antoniac Aurora
Published: January 2016

Advanced technologies and biocomplexity offer new dimensions for the development of novel medical products obtained from marine resources. Because several biomaterials can be derived from synthetic or natural sources, this area offers a very large variety of natural species that may be used for biomedical applications, including tissue engineering, drug delivery and surgery. The marine environment is a natural collector of porous materials the porosity of which varies from submicron to millimeter. The production of hydroxyapatite from synthetic chemicals can sometimes lead to a costly work and sea creatures may represent an alternative way to produce very fine and even nano-structured biomaterials. Rapana venosa is, in this sense, a study marine organism because its shell is made of aragonite that can be converted into bioceramic powder, which can subsequently be used for biomedical applications. The indirect use of marine organisms was tackled according to different routes: synthetic precursor casts using biomorphic moulds, chemical conversion of the inorganic marine matrix into a biomorphic substitute, and self-assembly of nanoparticles via chemical and molecular interactions. The chemical conversion is the most developed practice to obtain biomaterials for bone regeneration. It can be realized by hydrothermal synthesis or hydrothermal hot pressing. Both methods suppose a pre-treatment to remove the organic matrix of the skeleton. Hydrothermal synthesis involves heating the marine skeletons under alkaline conditions at a specific temperature pressure in either a reaction vessel or an autoclave. The temperature and pressure have an important significance concerning material structure properties of final product in terms of degree of crystallinity, grain size, and specific surface area. The temperature has an importance on the crystallite size (50-150 nm), and in general, the optimal temperature ranges between 200-250°C. Hydrothermal hot pressing is the process used in the fabrication of some commercial bone substitutes from coral sources and involves the solidification of synthetic hydroxyapatite powder. Some experimental results related to the processing of Rapana venosa snail shell in order to obtain hydroxyapatite for medical applications are presented at the end. In conclusion, preliminary results obtained by us show that this snail shell appears to be suitable to be used as raw material for obtaining hydroxyapatite.
Environmental Characterization of Lake Ecosystems Located in Serbo Macedonian Massif (FYRM)
Authors: Dolenec Tadej , Serafimovski Todor , Lojen Sonja , Dolenec Matej , Tasev Goran , Kramar Sabina , Rogan Šmuc Nastja , Vrhovnik Petra
Published: January 2016

This chapter represents the mineralogical, geochemical and isotopic characteristics of recent lacustrine sediments, shells of the Anodonta cygnea and fish species (Rutilus rutilus dojranensis) from the Lake Dojran (FY Republic of Macedonia, southern part of the Serbo-Macedonian Massif (SMM)) which provide indirect evidence regarding biomineralization and calcification processes as well as various geological problems. Environmental pollution can seriously contribute to different biological processes concerning the condition of physiological secretion of carbonate material into the shells. For comparison, sediments and fish species V. melanops from the Lake Kalimanci, located in northern part of the SMM, were also implicated into the study. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and C and O stable isotope analyses were performed, and thereupon enrichment factor (EF) values were calculated. The XRD results revealed close association of sediment mineralogy with the prevailing metamorphic, volcanic and igneous rocks of the region surrounding both lakes (Dojran and Kalimanci). According to the EF value results, surficial Lake Dojran sediments are little enriched with Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn, moderately enriched with Au, Ni and Sb, moderately severely enriched with Au, severely enriched with Sb and very severely enriched with As. This elemental enrichment originates from various geogenic (geological background and polymetallic mineralization) and anthropogenic (tourism, traffic, coatings, untreated wastewater discharge and agrochemicals) sources. Calculated EF revealed that surficial sediments from Lake Kalimanci are extremely severe enriched with Pb, Zn, and Cd, meanwhile As and Cu shows very severe enrichment. Comparing to Lake Dojran, calculated EF is much higher in Lake Kalimanci than in Dojran. Stable isotope signature results showed that Lake Dojran sediments were strongly influenced by evaporation effect. Their δ18O values range from -5.60 to +1.49 ‰ and the δ13CVPDB composition range from -6.45 to -1.65 ‰. Shells Anodonta cygnea are mainly composed from mineral aragonite and their δ18O values varies between 0.43 ‰ and +1.94 ‰, and δ13CVPDB between -2.48 to -1.72 ‰. δ18O signature in shells might be explained by precipitation of the carbonate from isotopically heavier oxygen lake water. The unussualy heavy skeletal oxygen suggested calcification at the elevated temperature and evaporation. Analyses also identified particularly high levels for Cr, Hg, Ni and Pb in fish (V. Melanops) and frog (R. Temporaria) samples from Lake Kalimanci with mean values [µgkg-1]: 1090 – 6.5, 339 – 117, 567 – 5100 and 1127 – 435, respectively. Meanwhile, the contents of Cr, Hg, Ni and Pb in fish samples (R. rutilus dojranensis) from Lake Dojran are a bit lower [µgkg-1]: 2320, 1690, 700 and 50.
Sulphur-Containing Compounds as a Response in Sea Urchins Exposed to Alkylated Silicon Nanocrystals and SiO2-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Šiller Lidija , Piticharoenphun Sunthon , Lemloh Marie Louise , Horrocks Benjamin R. , Kaulich Burkhard , Gianoncelli Alessandra , Hunt Michael R.C. , Brümmer Franz , Medaković Davorin
Published: January 2016

We report the effects of exposure to alkylated silicon nanocrystals (‘alkyl-SiNCs’ at concentration ~ 7.2 mg/L) and -Fe2O3 nanoparticles coated with ultra-thin silica (‘SiO2-coated IONPs’ at concentration ~ 150 mg/L) on sea urchins Paracentrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula, respectively, studied with X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscpoies using excitation from a synchrotron light source. A remarkably low mortality and low incidence of skeletal deformation is observed for exposure to both types of nanoparticles studied, despite the high concentrations employed in this work. XRF mapping demonstrates that both types of nanoparticle are found to agglomerate in the body of the sea urchins. FTIR spectra indicates that alkyl-SiNCs remain intact after ingestion and corresponding XRF maps show increased an oxygen throughout the organisms, possibly related to oxidation products arising from reactive oxygen species generated in the presence of the nanoparticles. Exposure to SiO2-coated IONPs is found to produce sulphur-containing species, which may be the result of a biological response in order to reduce the toxicity of the nanomaterial.
Trace Metals in Fish Biominerals as Environmental Indicators: Handheld XRF Analyses
Authors: Medaković Davorin , Dolenec Tadej , Karlović Danijel , Vrhovnik Petra , Rogan Šmuc Nastja , Rončević Sanda , Pitarević-Svedružić Lovorka , Dolenec Matej
Published: January 2016

The parts of jawbones and selected teeth (malleolus) of adult marine benthic fish Sparus aurata and Diplodus sargus was collected from different station during east Adriatic coast (Croatia). Biominerals were prepared for three different instrumental analyses: elemental analysis by X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP-AES); mineralogical analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD).The XRF results showed major and traces elements incorporated in the fish teeth. The concentration of zinc (Zn) expressed in mg kg-1 in the enamel - outside part of the malleolus dental surface (teeth crown) varied from 77 up to 1.975 in both fish species. In the root of the same teeth samples of Zn concentration was lower and amounted from 77 - 153 mg kg-1. Contrary, maximal amount of strontium (Sr) was registered in the teeth root from 801 – 1.310 mg kg-1, and in the enamel 476 – 1.104 mg kg-1 respectively. Multivariate statistical analysis based on the Statistica 6.0. PCA has been used to determine differences among elemental composition of the major and trace elements in teeth enamel (crown) and teeth roots, and in examining correlation among incorporated elements and environmental characteristics of the sampling localities.The XRD patterns of both fish jawbones and malleolus teeth showed characteristic hydroxyapatite lines (HAP). The HAP lines of the fish jawbones are broadened and shifted on the higher angles, indicating that mandible and maxilla biominerals are not fully formed and that mineralization of the fish jawbones is a dynamic process that last permanently during organism growth.Selected elements contents Ni, Co, Fe, Cu, and Cr (expressed in mg kg-1) of bulk fishbone samples was determined by ICP-AES analysis. Investigated metals showed higher values in the teeth than in the fish jawbones. The results revealed the distribution of the heavy metals in teeth to be Fe > Cr > Cu > Ni > Co, and in the jaws Fe > Cr > Cu > Ni > Co.The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of using XRF for the routine determination of heavy metals in the fish biominerals, in biomonitoring studies and ecological evaluation of the environment. The over-all data obtained indicated that XRF and ICP-AES showed good agreement for the determination of the heavy metals in test samples and that XRF could be used as cost effective method of accurately and precisely determining heavy metals content of the biomineral, while drastically reducing analysis time for initial sample preparation.
Comunicación y conservación ambiental: avances y retos en Hispanoamérica
Authors: Román Núñez Yenny Constanza , Cuesta Moreno Oscar Julián
Published: January 2016

Este artículo presenta los hallazgos de una revisión documental sobre comunicación y conservación ambiental.  Metodología: La metodología corresponde a una investigación documental (Alfonzo, 1995) de tipo informativo y de tipo argumentativo (Páramo, 2008), relacionado con elanálisis y la comparación de las experiencias. Resultados: Dentro de los principales resultados se señala que la comunicación y conservación ambiental es un campo emergente de investigación, que ha incrementado sus resultados en los últimos cinco años.  Los países con mayor producción de dichos estudios son España, México y Colombia, los cuales en gran parte abordan temáticas relacionadas con: Comportamientos proambientales, actitudes proambientales, actitudes sostenibles o actitudes sustentables. En segundo lugar, se abordan temas concernientes a la comunicación ambiental y, en un tercer lugar, referentes a comunicación y conservación ambiental.  Discusión y conclusiones: Como avances de las investigaciones relacionadas con el tema de estudio, se señala la acción  mediática de la comunicación ambiental, el surgimiento del periodismo ambiental, la crítica a la labor informativa, mediática y de visión catastrófica sobre el ambiente por parte de los medios de comunicación social.  Como retos, se hace un llamado a la comunicación ambiental a una labor más educativa en la trasformación de hábitos y generación de conductas proambientales, y un papel fundamental en los procesos participativos de planeación y evaluación de políticas públicas necesarias para la conservación de la biodiversidad y de las áreas protegidas.
Geometric Numerical Integration for Peakon b-Family Equations
Authors: Cai Wenjun , Sun Yajuan , Wang Yushun
Published: January 2016

In this paper, we study the Camassa-Holm equation and the Degasperis-Procesi equation. The two equations are in the family of integrable peakon equations, and both have very rich geometric properties. Based on these geometric structures, we construct the geometric numerical integrators for simulating their soliton solutions. The Camassa-Holm equation and the Degasperis-Procesi equation have many common properties, however they also have the significant difference, for example there exist the shock wave solutions for the Degasperis-Procesi equation. By using the symplectic Fourier pseudo-spectral integrator, we simulate the peakon solutions of the two equations. To illustrate the smooth solitons and shock wave solutions of the DP equation, we use the splitting technique and combine the composition methods. In the numerical experiments, comparisons of these two kinds of methods are presented in terms of accuracy, computational cost and invariants preservation.
A New Coupled Complex Boundary Method for Bioluminescence Tomography
Authors: Gong Rongfang , Cheng Xiaoliang , Han Weimin
Published: January 2016

In this paper, we introduce and study a new method for solving inverse source problems, through a working model that arises in bioluminescence tomography (BLT). In the BLT problem, one constructs quantitatively the bioluminescence source distribution inside a small animal from optical signals detected on the animal's body surface. The BLT problem possesses strong ill-posedness and often the Tikhonov regularization is used to obtain stable approximate solutions. In conventional Tikhonov regularization, it is crucial to choose a proper regularization parameter for trade off between the accuracy and stability of approximate solutions. The new method is based on a combination of the boundary condition and the boundary measurement in a parameter-dependent single complex Robin boundary condition, followed by the Tikhonov regularization. By properly adjusting the parameter in the Robin boundary condition, we achieve two important properties for our new method: first, the regularized solutions are uniformly stable with respect to the regularization parameter so that the regularization parameter can be chosen based solely on the consideration of the solution accuracy; second, the convergence order of the regularized solutions reaches one with respect to the noise level. Then, the finite element method is used to compute numerical solutions and a new finite element error estimate is derived for discrete solutions. These results improve related results found in the existing literature. Several numerical examples are provided to illustrate the theoretical results.
A Front Tracking Method for the Simulation of Compressible Multimedium Flows
Authors: Lu Haitian , Zhao Ning , Wang Donghong
Published: January 2016

A front tracking method combined with the real ghost fluid method (RGFM) is proposed for simulations of fluid interfaces in two-dimensional compressible flows. In this paper the Riemann problem is constructed along the normal direction of interface and the corresponding Riemann solutions are used to track fluid interfaces. The interface boundary conditions are defined by the RGFM, and the fluid interfaces are explicitly tracked by several connected marker points. The Riemann solutions are also used directly to update the flow states on both sides of the interface in the RGFM. In order to validate the accuracy and capacity of the new method, extensive numerical tests including the bubble advection, the Sod tube, the shock-bubble interaction, the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability and the gas-water interface, are simulated by using the Euler equations. The computational results are also compared with earlier computational studies and it shows good agreements including the compressible gas-water system with large density differences.
Lecturas transandinas a través de los siglos
Authors: Arredondo Erika
Published: January 2016

ORIENTACIONES TRANSANDINAS PARA LOS ESTUDIOS ANDINOS
Coda
Authors: Arredondo Erika
Published: January 2016

ORIENTACIONES TRANSANDINAS PARA LOS ESTUDIOS ANDINOS
Reseñas
Authors: Arredondo Erika
Published: January 2016

ORIENTACIONES TRANSANDINAS PARA LOS ESTUDIOS ANDINOS
El extraño viaje de Ibn al-Jaṭīb por los agitados llanos de Tāmasnā. Estudio y traducción de la maqāma
Authors: Jreis Navarro Laila M.
Published: January 2016

En el invierno de 1362 el exiliado visir granadino Lisān al-Dīn Ibn al-Jaṭīb realizaba un viaje por la región magrebí de Tāmasnā en plena guerra civil. Mientras su destronado monarca nazarí luchaba en tierras andalusíes con apoyo castellano para recuperar el trono de Granada, él atravesaba regiones tribales al encuentro de los grandes agentes del conflicto meriní. El relato de su viaje, escrito en prosa rimada a modo de epístola literaria, figura en su obra Nufāḍat al-ŷirāb, considerada sus memorias de exilio. Este artículo aborda el estudio del peculiar contexto de esta maqāma, ofrece una hipótesis viable a las motivaciones de su autor y traduce el inacabado texto de esta acompañado de un estudio filológico que permite saborear el exquisito y característico estilo jatibiano.
The Research Journey: Through the Lens of the Adult Learner
Authors: Wright Angela
Published: January 2016

This research provides an opportunity to reflect, evaluate and to implement better procedures for practice, specifically, the research supervision of post graduate students at the taught Masters Level. In this context, empirical data were gathered from recently graduated ‘taught masters’ students in the business arena in an Irish Third Level Institution. The main objective was to understand their specific research and learning needs better. This current research is novel, as an examination of the academic literature in relation to this area is scant. It is envisaged that this research will provide a ‘voice’ for the students in this field. A quantitative approach was applied and data were gathered from 62 adult graduates.

The main finding of this study concerns the alignment of the programme as a whole, where it has become apparent and recommended that a taught module on the programme, ‘research methods’(a mandatory module) will need to be delivered just prior to the commencement of the research thesis module that this research paper appraises. Currently, it is delivered over a year before commencement of the research thesis proper to the students. Overall, the findings are positive and are discussed in detail in this research.

The main aim of this evaluation of current practices is to establish where improvements can be made as a direct result of the recommendations from the recent graduates in this study. These recommendations will be considered, and relevant resultant changes will be made to improve future practice. It is envisaged that the findings of this research will better inform the author, the Department, and the Faculty of Business & Humanities for future programmatic reviews. The objective is that more effective methods will be established for future students to achieve their own learning and research objectives more effectively.
Para una sociología de las mediaciones cartografía impresionista y algunas (breves) reglas de un método sociológico
Authors: Muriel Danie
Published: January 2016

En este texto planteo una forma alternativa de acercarse a la realidad social desde un punto de vista sociológico. Se trata de la exposición de una sociología de las mediaciones sociales, una propuesta que se nutre especialmente de la teoría del actor-red. Partiendo de una noción de la realidad social como articulación de elementos heterogéneos, y conceptualizando la agencia como producción múltiple y distribuida de transformaciones, abogo por considerar la mediación como unidad de observación de la sociología. A partir de ahí, propongo el uso de una herramienta metodológica: la cartografía impresionista. Combinando el trabajo minucioso de un enfoque cartográfico junto con el impresionismo de la sociología formalista, es posible construir una metodología operativa que permite elaborar teorías sociológicas de corto y medio alcance al mismo tiempo que resulta posible describir un caso histórico y localmente situado.
Yo prefiero al corrupto el perfil de los ciudadanos que eligen políticos deshonestos pero competentes
Authors: Martínez Rosón María del Mar
Published: January 2016

Los resultados electorales muestran que los electores no siempre castigan a los políticos corruptos en las urnas y son capaces de votar a un político corrupto si este es competente. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las características que diferencian a los ciudadanos que están dispuestos a apoyar a los corruptos de los electores que no lo están a partir de datos de opinión pública en Costa Rica. Los resultados muestran que hay cuatro variables que diferencian ambos grupos: los conocimientos políticos, los ingresos, la edad y el género. Las mujeres y los ciudadanos con más conocimientos políticos eligen políticos deshonestos pero competentes en menor medida que los hombres y aquellos ciudadanos con menos conocimientos políticos. Por el contrario, los jóvenes y los ciudadanos con más ingresos están dispuestos a compensar la falta de honradez con más competencia en mayor medida que los adultos y aquellos con menores ingresos.
La "autenticidad" neorrural, a la luz de "El sistema de los objetos" de Baudrillard
Authors: Morillo Mª José , De Pablos Juan Carlos
Published: January 2016

Entre las razones para la migración y en el estilo de vida de los neorrurales, quienes voluntariamente abandonan entornos urbanos para instalarse en zonas rurales, el deseo de autenticidad desempeña un papel central. Igualmente, desde la perspectiva del consumo, Jean Baudrillard reflexiona en El sistema de los objetos sobre la idea de lo auténtico. En este trabajo realizamos un estudio de ambos planteamientos, un ensayo en el que cada uno es contemplado a la luz del otro. A partir de los datos obtenidos con un estudio empírico de carácter cualitativo, profundizamos en la vida neorrural, de forma que se consigue clasificar a los protagonistas en dos categorías: utópicos y pragmáticos, según la profundidad con la que se plantean y llevan a cabo la ruptura con el mundo urbano, rechazado en buena parte en términos de las categorías empleadas por Baudrillard para entender la sociedad.
Testing the Noticing Function of the Output Hypothesis
Authors: Alsulami Sumayyah Qaed
Published: January 2016

In spite of Krashen’s (1985) claims that the only way to acquire a second language is through non-stressful comprehensible input, Swain (1995, 1998, 2005) and others propose that the production of language (speaking or writing), under certain circumstances, is a significant part of the second-language acquisition process. Swain also states that there are three functions of output, and one of these is the noticing or triggering function, in which through producing output, learners become aware of their linguistic knowledge. This study examines the role and effectiveness of output – in particular, the noticing function of language output – in developing the writing skills of an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) student from Saudi Arabia. The notice function enables the student to identify lexis and grammar problems in his writing. Data collection for the study was conducted in three stages: In Stage 1 the participant, who studies English at Latrobe Language Centre in Level 4A, wrote three paragraphs in response to illustrated questions. In Stage 2, the participant compared his original writing to model paragraph feedback tools. In Stage 3, the student rewrote his original paragraphs based on what he noticed in Stages 1 and 2. This methodology demonstrated the aspects of language that a second-language learner noticed while forming a paragraph on his own. It also illustrated what the participant noticed when he compared his writing to a model and what changes he made to his writing, as a result. It pushed the learner to create a modified output, leading to development of his writing skills in second-language acquisition.