bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-inflammatory effects of cold atmospheric plasma irradiation on the THP-1 human acute monocytic leukemia cell line
Authors: Hirasawa Ito , Odagiri Haruka , Park Giri , Sanghavi Rutvi , Oshita Takaya , Togi Akiko , Yoshikawa Katsunori , Mizutani Koji , Takeuchi Yasuo , Kobayashi Hiroaki , Katagiri Sayaka , Iwata Takanori , Aoki Akira
Published: October 2023

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been studied and clinically applied to treat chronic wounds, cancer, periodontitis, and other diseases. CAP exerts cytotoxic, bactericidal, cell-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory effects on living tissues by generating reactive species. Therefore, CAP holds promise as a treatment for diseases involving chronic inflammation and bacterial infections. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying these anti-inflammatory effects of CAP are still unclear. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of CAP in vitro. The human acute monocytic leukemia cell line, THP-1, was stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and irradiated with CAP, and the cytotoxic effects of CAP were evaluated. Time-course differentiation of gene expression was analyzed, and key transcription factors were identified via transcriptome analysis. Additionally, the nuclear localization of the CAP-induced transcription factor was examined using western blotting. The results indicated that CAP showed no cytotoxic effects after less than 70 s of irradiation and significantly inhibited interleukin 6 (IL6) expression after more than 40 s of irradiation. Transcriptome analysis revealed many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) following CAP irradiation at all time points. Cluster analysis classified the DEGs into four distinct groups, each with time-dependent characteristics. Gene ontology and gene set enrichment analyses revealed CAP-induced suppression of IL6 production, other inflammatory responses, and the expression of genes related to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II. Transcription factor analysis suggested that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), which suppresses intracellular oxidative stress, is the most activated transcription factor. Contrarily, regulatory factor X5, which regulates MHC class II expression, is the most suppressed transcription factor. Western blotting revealed the nuclear localization of NRF2 following CAP irradiation. These data suggest that CAP suppresses the inflammatory response, possibly by promoting NRF2 nuclear translocation.
Can digitalization and low-carbonization progress in harmony? Evidence from Chinese cities
Authors: Guo Siliang
Published: October 2023

Achieving high-quality development of the city requires actively promoting coordinated digitalization and low-carbon development. Previous studies have focused on the unidirectional impact of urban digitalization on low-carbonization and there is a lack of research on their interactions. This study uses the generalized spatial three-stage least squares method and the spatial simultaneous equation to investigate the endogenous interactions between urban digitalization and low-carbonization. The properties of the spatiotemporal evolution are then examined using linked coordination degree models, kernel density, and spatial statistical approaches. Finally, using the spatial panel metering model, this study empirically investigates the motivations behind the synergistic advancement of digitalization and low-carbonization. The results show that: (1) There is an endogenous interaction between urban digitalization and low-carbonization and that this interaction pattern is closely linked to geographical proximity. (2) In general, both urban digitalization and low-carbonization have a positive spatial impact and a negative spatial interaction, and their coordination levels have a significant spatial impact. (3) Throughout the research period, the coordination degree of urban digitalization and low carbonization continued to increase, showing a positive spatial correlation and a balanced development trend. (4) Economic development, industrial structure, and human capital accumulation are vital internal drivers of the synergistic advancement of urban digitalization and low carbonization. Government capacities and technological innovations are key external factors that contribute to the synergistic advancement of urban digitalization and low-carbonization. Overall, the paper is essential not only to deepen understanding of the relationship between urban digitalization and low-carbonization but also to formulate policies for their coordinated development.
Study on the impact of R&D input intensity on technological innovation output ‐ Based on data from China’s high technology industry
Authors: Jin Chengguo , Li Dayao
Published: October 2023

With the continuous promotion of China’s innovation-driven development strategy, the role of technological innovation on economic development has become increasingly important. In this context, the support of R&D capital investment for technological innovation also becomes non-negligible. This leads to the question of whether the allocation of R&D capital is reasonable and whether there is room for further improvement. This paper is based on inter-provincial panel data from 2009 to 2020, which are classified based on China’s National Bureau of Statistics for R&D funding sources in high-tech industries and incorporated into an overall discussion framework. Using STATA16 statistical software, the R&D innovation output of high-tech industries is inves-tigated by building a PVAR model with the perspective of funding sources of R&D input intensity. The study results show that (1) the increase in the intensity of enterprises’ own capital investment has a positive impact on innovation output because it can generate a financial "reservoir" effect to support technological innovation. (2) the increase in the intensity of government capital invest-ment has a positive impact on innovation output because it can alleviate the loss of income of en-terprises due to "R&D spillover" and will send a positive signal to the market. (3) the foreign in-vestment intensity has a positive impact on the innovation output of enterprises due to the com-bined effect of "spillover effect" and "crowding out effect". (4) the increase of other capital in-vestment intensity also has a neutral effect on the increase of innovation output under the current financial market environment. Finally, based on the above findings, corresponding policy impli-cations are drawn. This study will help to improve the understanding of R&D capital allocation imbalance and R&D input and output issues in developing countries and provide a reference for policy makers.
Assessing the performance of regular surgical nose masks as a sampling method for SARS-CoV-2 detection in a cross-sectional study
Authors: Opoku Millicent , Obeng-Aboagye Elizabeth , Boamah Georgina Yaa Kwartemaa , Adu-Asamoah Dina , Ismail Rahmat bint Yusif , Akpo Margaret Sena , Dogbatse Elizabeth Etornam , Abraham Joseph , Odoom John Kofi , Owusu Donkor Irene , Akorli Jewelna
Published: October 2023

Nose masks are widely worn for protection against respiratory pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2. They have been reported as possible substrates for viral sampling and testing for COVID-19 but, evaluations have so far been purposive; involving individuals known to have the infection and using improved materials on the nose masks to trap the virus. We investigated the feasibility of using the regular 3-ply surgical masks and, voluntary coughing as a mode of particle expulsion for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infections in a cross-sectional study at Ghana’s first COVID-19 testing reference laboratory, the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana. Paired samples of naso-oropharyngeal swabs and nose masks already worn by 103 consenting adult participants (retro masks) were collected. Participants were also required to produce three strong coughs into a newly supplied sterile surgical nose mask. Pre-wetted swabs in Viral Transport Media (VTM) were used in swabbing the inner lining of each nose mask. The swabs used were then stored in VTM to maintain the integrity of the samples. PCR results of SARS-CoV-2 detection from the nose masks were compared to those from naso-oropharyngeal swabs (‘gold-standard’). Out of the 103 participants tested with all three methods, 66 individuals sampled with naso-oropharyngeal swabs were detected as positive, and the retro and new masks matched 9 and 4, respectively. Only 3 individuals were positive across all three sampling methods accessed. The retro nose masks performed better in matching the gold-standard results than the new mask + coughing method, with 90% vs 80% sensitivity, positive predictive value of 13.6% vs 6%, and a weak but significant linear relationship (adj. R2 = 0.1; P = 0.0004). Importantly, we also show that the nose masks would work for sampling whether individuals are symptomatic or asymptomatic since gold-standard PCR cycling threshold (Ct) values for positive individuals did not differ between the two groups (P< 0.05). We recommend including features such as talking during participant engagement, use of a spontaneous cough inducer and increased coughing bouts > 3, to improve the performance of sterile nose masks for SARS-CoV-2 detection.
The vitamin D receptor agonist EB1089 can exert its antiviral activity independently of the vitamin D receptor
Authors: Jaratsittisin Janejira , Sornjai Wannapa , Chailangkarn Thanathom , Jongkaewwattana Anan , Smith Duncan R.
Published: October 2023

Vitamin D has been shown to have antiviral activity in a number of different systems. However, few studies have investigated whether the antiviral activity is exerted through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). In this study, we investigated whether the antiviral activity of a vitamin D receptor agonist (EB1089) towards dengue virus (DENV) was modulated by VDR. To undertake this, VDR was successively overexpressed, knocked down and retargeted through mutation of the nuclear localization signal. In no case was an effect seen on the level of the antiviral activity induced by EB1089, strongly indicating that the antiviral activity of EB1089 is not exerted through VDR. To further explore the antiviral activity of EB1089 in a more biologically relevant system, human neural progenitor cells were differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells, and infected with Zika virus (ZIKV). EB1089 exerted a significant antiviral effect, reducing virus titers by some 2Log10. In support of the results seen with DENV, no expression of VDR at the protein level was observed. Collectively, these results show that the vitamin D receptor agonist EB1089 exerts its antiviral activity independently of VDR.
Preexisting helminth challenge exacerbates infection and reactivation of gammaherpesvirus in tissue resident macrophages
Authors: Zarek Christina M. , Dende Chaitanya , Coronado Jaime , Pendse Mihir , Dryden Phillip , Hooper Lora V. , Reese Tiffany A.
Published: October 2023

Even though gammaherpesvirus and parasitic infections are endemic in parts of the world, there is a lack of understanding about the outcome of coinfection. In humans, coinfections usually occur sequentially, with fluctuating order and timing in different hosts. However, experimental studies in mice generally do not address the variables of order and timing of coinfections. We sought to examine the variable of coinfection order in a system of gammaherpesvirus-helminth coinfection. Our previous work demonstrated that infection with the intestinal parasite, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, induced transient reactivation from latency of murine gammaherpesvirus-68 (MHV68). In this report, we reverse the order of coinfection, infecting with H. polygyrus first, followed by MHV68, and examined the effects of preexisting parasite infection on MHV68 acute and latent infection. We found that preexisting parasite infection increased the propensity of MHV68 to reactivate from latency. However, when we examined the mechanism for reactivation, we found that preexisting parasite infection increased the ability of MHV68 to reactivate in a vitamin A dependent manner, a distinct mechanism to what we found previously with parasite-induced reactivation after latency establishment. We determined that H. polygyrus infection increased both acute and latent MHV68 infection in a population of tissue resident macrophages, called large peritoneal macrophages. We demonstrate that this population of macrophages and vitamin A are required for increased acute and latent infection during parasite coinfection.
A mesterséges intelligencia alkalmazása a nyelvtanulásban
Authors: Porkoláb Ádám , Fekete Tamás
Published: October 2023

Ez a tanulmány a mesterséges intelligencia (AI) alkalmazásának
potenciális hatásait és előnyeit vizsgálja a nyelvtanulási nehézségek
kezelésében. Először megvizsgáljuk a nyelvtanulási problémák típusait és
azok kulturális és nyelvi hátterét. Ezután az AI és a nyelvtanulás
összefüggéseire tereljük a figyelmet, kiemelve az AI által kínált
potenciális előnyöket. A tanulmányban továbbá értékeljük azokat a konkrét
AI-alapú megoldásokat, amelyek segíthetnek a nyelvtanulási nehézségek
leküzdésében, beleértve a nyelvtani elemzést, a beszédfelismerő
technológiákat, az adaptív tanulási rendszereket és a gamifikáció
alkalmazását. Esettanulmányokon és kutatási eredményeken keresztül
értékeljük az AI hatékonyságát a nyelvtanulási nehézségek kezelésében,
valamint az AI használatának pedagógiai vonatkozásait és jövőbeli
kilátásait is tárgyaljuk. Végül a tanulmány összefoglalja a fő
megállapításokat, és ajánlásokat tesz további kutatási és fejlesztési
irányokra.
Wykorzystanie analizy czynnikowej do oceny sytuacji społeczno-gospodarczej nowych miast
Authors: Konecka-Szydłowska Barbara , Woźniak Marcin
Published: October 2023

Głównym celem artykułu jest identyfikacja zróżnicowanej sytuacji społeczno-gospodarczej nowych miast na podstawie subiektywnych opinii mieszkańców oraz próba określenia czynników objaśniających zależności w przedmiotowym zakresie. Ramy przestrzenne pracy obejmują 62 ośrodki, które uzyskały status miasta w latach 2009–2021. W pracy zastosowano postępowanie badawcze składające się z następujących etapów: 1) ogólna charakterystyka zbioru nowych miast, 2) prezentacja wyników badań ankietowych na temat sytuacji społeczno-gospodarczej nowych miast, 3) identyfikacja i określenie czynników objaśniających zależności zgromadzonych danych, 4) porównanie wybranych regionów ze względu na sytuację społeczno-gospodarczą nowych miast.
Usługi ekosystemowe w zarządzaniu układami przyrodniczymi
Authors: RRPR Redakcja czasopisma
Published: October 2023

Idea przygotowania publikacji, która prezentuje obecny stan wiedzy na temat usług ekosystemowych w Polsce, powstała w związku z realizacją projektu „Usługi świadczone przez główne typy ekosystemów w Polsce – podejście stosowane” (ECOSERV-POL). Książka stanowi swoiste kompendium wiedzy, przedstawiające możliwości praktycznego wykorzystania koncepcji usług świadczonych przez różne ekosystemy, a jednocześnie może być wykorzystywana jako podręcznik na poziomie akademickim i służący zainteresowanym ekspertom-praktykom. Publikacja  ukazuje   się   równolegle w wersji papierowej oraz w wersji elektronicznej na ogólnodostępnej stronie: https://ecoservpol.amu.edu. pl/podrecznik/.
Circadian cycle and neuroinflammation
Authors: Xu Xinzi , Wang Junli , Chen Guohua
Published: October 2023

Circadian cycle is a fundamental characteristic of life formed in the long-term evolution of organisms and plays an important role in maintaining the proliferation, migration, and activation of immune cells. Studies have shown that circadian rhythm disorders affect the occurrence and development of neuroinflammation by inducing glial cell activation and peripheral immune responses. In this article, we briefly described the research progress of neuroinflammation and circadian rhythm in recent years and explored the effects and possible mechanism of circadian rhythmicity on microglia, astrocytes, and peripheral immune function.
On the index of minimal 2-tori in the 4-sphere
Authors: Kusner Rob , Wang Peng
Published: October 2023

In this note, we prove that any minimal 2-torus in

S
4

S^{4}

has Morse index at least 6, with equality if and only if it is congruent to the Clifford torus in some great

S
3

⊂

S
4

S^{3}\subset S^{4}

.
For a minimal 2-torus in

S
n

S^{n}

with vanishing Hopf differential, we show that its index is at least

n
+
3

n+3

and that this estimate is sharp: the equilateral 2-torus fully embedded in

S
5

⊂

S
n

S^{5}\subset S^{n}

as a homogeneous minimal surface in

S
n

S^{n}

has index exactly

n
+
3

n+3

.
Das Leben
Authors: Rödl Sebastian
Published: October 2023

Life and “good” are interchangeable, I think. Life is good, goodness life. Michael Thompson has recovered the understanding of life as goodness for contemporary philosophy. However, he errs in thinking that our life, human life, is a certain kind of life. And so he errs in conceiving the idea of the good by which we live as that of a certain kind of life. The idea of the good by which we live is not an idea, but the idea. This shows that our life is not a life, but the life. This essay develops a series of forms through which “good” is thought: external purpose, organism, external process, generic process. It transpires that they are all incapable of thinking the good which is thought and known in practical thought. This is life beyond the generic process, no natural life, but the life of the spirit.
Gegen Sprachontologie und Sprachpositivismus
Authors: Tränkle Sebastian
Published: October 2023

This essay defines Theodor W. Adorno’s philosophical language criticism as materialistic. It takes up Max Beck’s discussion of Adorno’s critique of German metaphysical jargon in his paper “Jargon, Bullshit, sinnlos”. However, this essay argues for a twofold critique as being constitutive for Adorno’s approach: It is directed not only at Martin Heidegger’s ontological understanding of language but also at Logical Empiricism’s formalistic understanding of it. Beck’s claim of an affinity between the methods of Adorno and the Vienna Circle is therefore questionable. The first part illuminates the philosophical significance of Adorno’s encounters with the Vienna protagonists. The second part discusses the differences between a formalistic and a materialistic approach: instead of excluding metaphysical expressions as meaningless, Adorno contextualizes them historically and socially. Thus Adorno criticizes early analytic philosophy’s reductive treatment of language and its rigorist understanding of enlightenment. The third part connects the critiques of formalism and of jargon by pointing to their own socio-historical embeddedness. Finally, it argues for the contemporary relevance of such twofold critique.
Hegel und der anthropologische Kontinuitätsskeptizismus
Authors: Peters Julia
Published: October 2023

According to so-called transformative theories of rationality, human nature is of a fundamentally different kind than the nature of non-human animals, because it is transformed by the possession of rational capacities. This is assumed tobe reflected in the fact that human nature and non-human nature require two fundamentally different forms of explanation: reason-based explanations on the one hand, explanations with reference to natural laws on the other. There is no continuity between these two forms of explanation, i.e. a transition from one to the other is not intelligible. In this paper, I will draw on Hegel to sketch a counter-position to this kind of “continuity skepticism” (Dorit Bar-On, 2013). The central thesis is that Hegel’s project in his anthropology is to make the transition from one order of explanation to another intelligible by outlining an intermediate realm in which the phenomena under investigation are no longer entirely outside, and not yet entirely inside, the rational order of explanation.
Negativität des Geistes
Authors: Sickenberger Isabel
Published: October 2023

Drawing on Hegel’s anthropology, this paper reconstructs ‘madness’ as an essential stage in the formation of the subject by developing the dialectical character of madness. This goes along with resituating the negativity of spirit as arising on an intermediary stage between nature and developed spirit as second nature. Hegel determines the freedom of spirit as “absolute negativity”. Madness shows a moment of radical negativity that is not viable as such. The formation of subjectivity is thus threatened by that which makes it possible. The art of spirit is to over-come this form of abstract negativity, though not to lose the radicality of negativity, but to deepen it. ‘Absolute negativity’ is Hegel’s term for this successful sublation and simultaneous deepening of negativity.
Two Ways of Looking at Theory, Exemplified by The Dynamics of Bureaucracy by Peter M. Blau
Authors: Swedberg Richard
Published: October 2023

In this paper two different approaches to social theory are presented, and then illustrated through an in-depth analysis of one study, The Dynamics of Bureaucracy (1955) by Peter M. Blau. The first of these two ideal types focuses on theory as a text, say Suicide by Durkheim or some journal article (theory as a text). According to this viewpoint, which is the conventional one, theory is seen as embodied and finalized in a text, not so different from a literary text. According to the second approach, which is more in the spirit of theorizing, theory is instead seen as a set of interconnected activities (theory as activities). According to this perspective, theory means to engage in a number of activities besides reading: you do research, including work with theoretical issues; you then try to formulate and write down a final version of the theory in an article or a book. A theory is always part of a large set of activities. The paper ends with a comparison of the two perspectives as well as an attempt to see what Blau’s work can add to our understanding of theory as a practical and creative enterprise.
Technology use and clinical outcomes in a racial-ethnic minority cohort of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Baboun Daniela , Solano Natalia , Del Toro Victoria , Alvarez-Salvat Rose , Granados Andrea , Carrillo-Iregui Adriana
Published: October 2023

Objectives

Technology use has been shown to improve diabetes control, but minority youths tend to have low rates of technology use and exhibit suboptimal glycemic control. We examined the impact of continuous glucose monitors (CGM) and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) on glycemic control in a racial-ethnic minority cohort of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 140 pediatric T1D patients seen at a multidisciplinary clinic. From January to November 2022, data on demographics and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were collected. Patients were categorized as technology (CGM, CSII, or both) or non-technology users (finger stick meter (FS) and multiple daily injections (MDI)).

Results

The majority identified as Hispanic (79 %) and had public health insurance (71 %). Sixty-nine percent used technology. Compared with non-technology users, technology users had significantly lower mean HbA1c levels (9.60 vs. 8.40 %, respectively) (p=0.0024), though no group (CGM + CSII, CGM + MDI, FS + CSII, and FS + MDI) achieved a mean HbA1c level of <7.0 %. Regarding minority status, no significant differences in mean HbA1c levels existed between Hispanics and Blacks in the CGM + MDI and FS + CSII groups (p=0.2232 and p=0.9224, respectively). However, there was a significant difference in mean HbA1c levels between Hispanic and Black non-technology users (9.19 vs. 11.26 %, respectively) (p=0.0385).

Conclusions

Technology users demonstrated better glycemic control than non-technology users. Further research is needed to investigate factors affecting glycemic control in minority youths with T1D.
Effects of gender on fetal cortical development: a secondary analysis of a prospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Mappa Ilenia , Marra Maria Chiara , Pietrolucci Maria Elena , Lu Jia Li Angela , Di Mascio Daniele , D’Antonio Francesco , Rizzo Giuseppe
Published: October 2023

Objectives

The primary objective was to evaluate the effects of fetal sex on fetal cortical development in low-risk pregnancies. Secondary objective was the evaluate the impact of gestational age.

Methods

This was a secondary analysis of a prospective cross-sectional study on low-risk fetuses undergoing fetal neurosonography between 19 and 34 weeks of gestation. The depth of Sylvian Fissure (SF), Parieto Occipital Fissure (POF) and Calcarine Fissure (CF) were evaluated and related to fetal sex. Neurosonographic variables were normalized for fetal head circumference and expressed as multiple of the median (MoM).

Results

A total of 344 fetuses were considered (173 male, 171 female). The baseline characteristic of the two groups were similar except a higher birthweight present in male fetuses (p=0.044). The depth SF (p=0.023) CF (p=0.014) and POF (p=0.046) showed significantly higher values in male fetuses when all the gestational age range was considered. However, when data were controlled for gestational age, these differences resulted significant only after 28 weeks.

Conclusions

Differences in cortical development related to gender occur after 28 weeks of gestation with an increase depth of SF, POF and CF in male fetuses.
‘We lost a type of job for a type of person in this country’: changing expectations of working in the UK scientific civil service
Authors: Ledgerwood Emmeline
Published: October 2023

Organisational change in UK government research establishments (GREs) during the late twentieth century profoundly affected the scientific civil servants who worked in them.[1] Civil service reforms in the 1980s and 1990s led to the reconfiguration of career management frameworks, alterations to physical working environments, the introduction of new management practices and an increasingly commercial outlook in GREs, yet we know very little about the how these changes were experienced by the scientists themselves. A new series of oral history interviews with former scientific civil servants offers the personal perspective of everyday working life in a GRE. Through extensive use of interviewees’ own words this article reveals the norms and values associated with working in the scientific civil service and articulates the processes of organisational change that led to a fundamental shift in how government scientists felt about their work. In so doing it offers a record of a type of scientific working life in the UK that has largely disappeared as a consequence of bureaucratic reform and commercialisation.
How Britain’s railways prepared for nuclear war
Authors: Slater Lucy
Published: October 2023

As a nationalised industry during the Cold War, Britain’s railways were required to undertake civil defence work to prepare for a future conflict. Civil engineers that engaged with civil defence work were required to understand the destructive capacity of first atomic and later hydrogen weapons as well as the threats of nuclear fallout and radiation so that they could design and build structures capable of withstanding them. At first, these civil engineers objected as the work was beyond their expertise. But from 1952 onwards, each region of Britain’s railways, led by their civil engineering departments, began to build infrastructure and train their staff to prepare for the continued functioning of the railways following a nuclear attack. The central focus of railway civil defence changed as the bomb threat itself evolved, but its central purpose was always more focused on repair work and the assistance of military operations over civilian evacuations. However, shackled to guidance and limited available funding from the UK’s Ministry of Transport and the Home Office, planning was frequently delayed or scaled back. By the mid-1960s, alongside most other British civil defence programmes, the planning was abandoned and government funding withdrawn. But despite the myriad of setbacks and funding disappointments, those that undertook the railways’ civil defence planning and training during the early Cold War saw the value in their work and hoped to contribute to a national effort to survive and rebuild should the worst ever occur.
1876 and All That: the ‘Special Loan Collection of Scientific Apparatus’ as a case study in crowd-sourced international public science
Authors: Gooday Graeme , King Alexander , Spurna Nela
Published: October 2023

Some historians of the ‘Special Loan Collection of Scientific Apparatus’ exhibited in 1876 interpret its principal significance as catalysing the eventual transformation of science collections in the (South) Kensington Museum into London’s present-day Science Museum. Debates about that nexus have not, however, noted that this exhibition was an international crowd-sourced venture in public science. Far from being collection-founding donations, most artefacts displayed were discretionary loans contributed by private citizens, learned societies, instrument makers, universities, engineering companies and state departments from across both the UK and Europe, with most displayed items later returned to their exhibitors. Our paper draws upon the art historiography literature of ‘loan exhibitions’ to consider the 1876 exhibit in (mostly) physical science as part of a growing democratic tradition of resource sharing. This exhibitor-focused approach is illustrated via case studies of two kinds of contributors that did not predominantly have their loans converted to donations: (male) instrument makers and women, especially widows. In that context, we can interpret apparatus lending in 1876 as forms of advertising, memorialising, and just occasionally offloading disused but historically important equipment. It is in such terms that we can better understand why only a small fraction of loaned 1876 apparatus become permanent parts of the South Kensington science collections via such means as state departments discarding obsolete technical equipment.
Epigenetic regulation limits competence of pluripotent stem cell‐derived oocytes
Authors: Aizawa Eishi , Ozonov Evgeniy A , Kawamura Yumiko K , Dumeau Charles‐Etienne , Nagaoka So , Kitajima Tomoya S , Saitou Mitinori , Peters Antoine HFM , Wutz Anton
Published: October 2023

Recent studies have reported the differentiation of pluripotent cells into oocytes in vitro. However, the developmental competence of in vitro‐generated oocytes remains low. Here, we perform a comprehensive comparison of mouse germ cell development in vitro over all culture steps versus in vivo with the goal to understand mechanisms underlying poor oocyte quality. We show that the in vitro differentiation of primordial germ cells to growing oocytes and subsequent follicle growth is critical for competence for preimplantation development. Systematic transcriptome analysis of single oocytes that were subjected to different culture steps identifies genes that are normally upregulated during oocyte growth to be susceptible for misregulation during in vitro oogenesis. Many misregulated genes are Polycomb targets. Deregulation of Polycomb repression is therefore a key cause and the earliest defect known in in vitro oocyte differentiation. Conversely, structurally normal in vitro‐derived oocytes fail at zygotic genome activation and show abnormal acquisition of 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine on maternal chromosomes. Our data identify epigenetic regulation at an early stage of oogenesis limiting developmental competence and suggest opportunities for future improvements.
An ULK1/2‐PXN mechanotransduction pathway suppresses breast cancer cell migration
Authors: Liang Peigang , Zhang Jiaqi , Wu Yuchen , Zheng Shanyuan , Xu Zhaopeng , Yang Shuo , Wang Jinfang , Ma Suibin , Xiao Li , Hu Tianhui , Jiang Wenxue , Huang Chaoqun , Xing Qiong , Kundu Mondira , Wang Bo
Published: October 2023

The remodeling and stiffening of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a well‐recognized modulator of breast cancer progression. How changes in the mechanical properties of the ECM are converted into biochemical signals that direct tumor cell migration and metastasis remain poorly characterized. Here, we describe a new role for the autophagy‐inducing serine/threonine kinases ULK1 and ULK2 in mechanotransduction. We show that ULK1/2 activity inhibits the assembly of actin stress fibers and focal adhesions (FAs) and as a consequence impedes cell contraction and migration, independent of its role in autophagy. Mechanistically, we identify PXN/paxillin, a key component of the mechanotransducing machinery, as a direct binding partner and substrate of ULK1/2. ULK‐mediated phosphorylation of PXN at S32 and S119 weakens homotypic interactions and liquid–liquid phase separation of PXN, impairing FA assembly, which in turn alters the mechanical properties of breast cancer cells and their response to mechanical stimuli. ULK1/2 and the well‐characterized PXN regulator, FAK/Src, have opposing functions on mechanotransduction and compete for phosphorylation of adjacent serine and tyrosine residues. Taken together, our study reveals ULK1/2 as important regulator of PXN‐dependent mechanotransduction.
Diffuse traumatic brain injury substantially alters plasma growth hormone in the juvenile rat
Authors: Ortiz J Bryce , Tellez Sebastian , Rampal Giri , Mannino Grant S , Couillard Nicole , Mendez Matias , Green Tabitha R F , Murphy Sean M , Rowe Rachel K
Published: October 2023

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can damage the hypothalamus and cause improper activation of the growth hormone (GH) axis, leading to growth hormone deficiency (GHD). GHD is one of the most prevalent endocrinopathies following TBI in adults; however, the extent to which GHD affects juveniles remains understudied. We used postnatal day 17 rats (n = 83), which model the late infantile/toddler period, and assessed body weights, GH levels, and number of hypothalamic somatostatin neurons at acute (1, 7 days post injury (DPI)) and chronic (18, 25, 43 DPI) time points. We hypothesized that diffuse TBI would alter circulating GH levels because of damage to the hypothalamus, specifically somatostatin neurons. Data were analyzed with generalized linear and mixed effects models with fixed effects interactions between the injury and time. Despite similar growth rates over time with age, TBI rats weighed less than shams at 18 DPI (postnatal day 35; P = 0.03, standardized effect size [d] = 1.24), which is around the onset of puberty. Compared to shams, GH levels were lower in the TBI group during the acute period (P = 0.196; d = 12.3) but higher in the TBI group during the chronic period (P = 0.10; d = 52.1). Although not statistically significant, TBI-induced differences in GH had large standardized effect sizes, indicating biological significance. The mean number of hypothalamic somatostatin neurons (an inhibitor of GH) positively predicted GH levels in the hypothalamus but did not predict GH levels in the somatosensory cortex. Understanding TBI-induced alterations in the GH axis may identify therapeutic targets to improve the quality of life of pediatric survivors of TBI.
Multiplicative sets and left strongly prime ideals in rings
Authors: Kaučikas Algirdas
Published: October 2023

There is not abstract.
On Euler’s lemma
Authors: Mačys Juozas Juvencijus
Published: October 2023

Some new versions of the proof of Euler’s lemma are considered. These allow to construct elementary proofs of Fermat’s theorem in the case n = 3.
Adaptive to learner educational systems
Authors: Baskas Antanas
Published: October 2023

Most educational systems take into account learner features like goals/tasks, knowledge, background, hyperspace experience, preferences and interests.However, less attention has been paid to the fact that people have different approaches to learning, namely that the individuals perceive and process information in very different ways.Recent researches are trying to alleviate this and integrate learning styles in the design of their adaptive applications.
The Impact of Standardized Recovery Pathways on Language Barriers and Inpatient Pain Management
Authors: Segal Kathryn R. , Gomez Jaime A. , Schulz Jacob F. , Alvandi Leila Mehraban , Fornari Eric D.
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Inpatient postoperative care is reliant upon clear, open communication between providers and patient–families, and thus is particularly vulnerable to disparities when discordant languages exist. It is not yet understood how standardized postoperative protocols may mitigate disparities related to language discordance.

METHODS

This is a retrospective cohort study among adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients who underwent posterior spinal fusion at a tertiary care children’s hospital in Bronx, New York after implementation of a postoperative pathway in 2017. Outcomes reliant upon communication between patient–families and providers were measured, including measures of pain management (number and type of pain medications requested, daily pain assessments, total opioids consumed), as well as outpatient pain scores.

RESULTS

A total of 160 patients were included (39 language other than English [LOE]). Between patient cohorts, there were no significant differences in demographic or operative characteristics. On univariate analyses, LOE patients were more likely to be given a basal dosing of patient-controlled analgesia or additional boluses (26% vs 12%, P = .03), consumed 0.53 fewer benzodiazepine medications per day (P = .01), and were more likely to have pain at outpatient follow-up (67% vs 43%, P = .03). On multivariate analyses, LOE patients were more likely to be placed on basally dosed or receive additional boluses of patient-controlled analgesia (odds ratio 3.19, 95% confidence interval 1.15–8.85).

CONCLUSIONS

As standardized pathways become more common in health care, it is critical to monitor for components of these protocols that may be vulnerable to language-related disparities, such as therapies reliant on symptom description and outpatient follow-up.
Storytelling as a tool for forming and supporting organisational culture in medical institutions
Authors: Krupskyi Oleksandr P. , Stasiuk Yuliia M.
Published: October 2023

The article discusses the role and importance of storytelling in the context of creating and maintaining organisational culture in the healthcare sector. Medical institutions are constantly solving complex tasks related to the provision of high-quality medical care and interaction with patients and staff. In this regard, storytelling is an important tool, aimed at strengthening cultural values and adjusting goals.
The study examines the nature of organisational culture, its main components and culture, its main components and the peculiarities of its formation and maintenance in medical institutions. Organisational culture affects all aspects of business processes and is an important element of corporate identity, in particular in the healthcare sector. healthcare.
The authors determine that storytelling as a communication tool has become an important part of business communication and management in recent decades part of business communication and management practice in recent decades. Storytelling can be used to form common values and create meaningful narratives that promote cultural change and support the organisational organisational identity of healthcare facilities.
Stories in healthcare facilities reveal the specifics and uniqueness of the organisation, help to distinguish it from competitors from competitors and create a competitive advantage in the market. They form the organisation’s identity and the loyalty of employees and customers. Storytelling has an impact on on the organisational culture of a medical institution, promotes stability and highlights the unique character of the organisation character of the organisation; it allows to form values, beliefs and needs of of employees based on the institution’s mission. Storytelling is important for understanding medical discourse and the system of narratives in healthcare organisations. It supports or discredits official narratives or discredit them, depending on the perception of stakeholders. It is important that storytelling in healthcare facilities is accessible to all stakeholders and promote internal identification and loyalty to the institution.
Thus, storytelling is an essential tool for building and maintaining organisational culture in healthcare facilities, helping to create a unique identity and competitive advantage.
The article aims to stimulating discussion of the experience of using storytelling and further research of this important aspect of management in the healthcare sector. of healthcare enterprises.
Gaucher-kór és az ajánlott új diagnosztikai algoritmus
Authors: Csacsovszki Ottó , Alizadeh Hussain , Bátai Árpád , Kriván Gergely , Marton Imelda , Mikala Gábor , Pfliegler György , Masszi Tamás
Published: October 2023

A Gaucher-kór a leggyakoribb herediter lizoszómális tárolási betegség. Az autoszómális recesszíven öröklődő GBA1 gén mutációja következtében a savas-β-glükozidáz enzim aktivitása csökken, ezért a glücocerebrozidok felhalmozódnak a makrofágokban és főként a parenchymás szervekben. Jellegzetes tünetei közül a thrombocytopenia és a splenomegalia emelendők ki. A betegség jelentősen aluldiagnosztizált, így a Gaucher-kór igazolása a tünetek megjelenését követően átlagosan 10 évet késik. Az elmúlt évtizedekben nem állt rendelkezésre olyan nemzetközileg elfogadott diagnosztikus algoritmus, amely elősegítette volna a betegség korai felismerését. 2022-ben az ún. Delphi Konszenzus alapján az eddigi tapasztalatokat egybevetve egy olyan általános és egyszerű algoritmust alakítottak ki, amely minden gyakorló orvos és hematológus számára könnyen elsajátítható. Mivel a Gaucher-kórra hatásos terápia áll rendelkezésre, így a korai felismeréssel és a kezelés megkezdésével elkerülhetőek a betegségből adódó, több szervrendszert sokszor irreverzibilisen érintő elváltozások.
Ritka lokalizációjú plasmocytoma autológ hemopoetikus őssejtátültetést követően
Authors: Virga István , Páyer Edit , Barna Sándor , Bedekovics Judit , Váróczy László , Virga Bálint , Nagy Zsolt , Illés Árpád , Magyari Ferenc
Published: October 2023

Bevezetés

A plasmasejtes myeloma érett B-sejtes neoplasia, amit klonális plasmasejt szaporulat jellemez. A diagnóziskor az esetek mindössze 4%-át teszi ki az extramedulláris plasmocytoma (EMP), mely a betegség előrehaladásával, relapsusok alkalmával gyakrabban, már 3–14%-ban mutatható ki.

Esetismertetés

50 éves nőnél 2019-ben indult kivizsgálás fogyás, gyengeség, fulladás miatt. A laborvizsgálatok során anaemia, hypercalcaemia, beszűkült vesefunkció volt kiemelhető. 2019 márciusában végzett perifériás vér- és csontvelővizsgálat alapján plasmasejtes leukemia volt igazolható, diffúz csontvelői érintettséggel, 1q21 amplifikációval, hyperdiploid kromoszóma állománnyal. A nagy rizikójú betegség miatt 4 ciklus VTD-PACE (bortezomib, thalidomid, dexamethason, cisplatin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamid, etoposid) indukciós kezelés hatására MRD negatív komplett remisszió alakult ki. Sikeres őssejtgyűjtést követően további 2 ciklus VTD-kezelést kapott. Bendamustin-melphalan kondicionáló kezelést követően végeztük el az autológ őssejt-transzplantációt. A 100 napos posttranszplantációs vizsgálatok során MRD negatív komplett remisszió volt véleményezhető. 22 havi fenntartó lenalidomid kezelést követően mindkét alsó végtagon tapintható szövetszaporulat jelentkezett. A csontvelő áramlási citometriás vizsgálata negatív volt. 18FDG-PET/CT és kontrasztos MR-vizsgálatok az alapbetegség relapsusát valószínűsítették. Klinikánkon elvégzett core biopszia szövettani vizsgálata izom érintettséggel járó multiplex extramedulláris plasmocytomát igazolt. 2. vonalbeli kezelésként DRD (daratumumab, lenalidomid, dexamethason) terápia indult, azonban nem megfelelő terápiás válasz miatt KPD (carfilzomib, pomalidomid, dexamethason) protokollal folytattuk. KPD-kezelés mellett jó terápiás választ követően ismételt progresszió igazolódott. Emiatt lokális irradiáció történt, mely mellett kiterjedt, szisztémás relapsus jelent meg. EDAP (etoposid, cisplatin, citarabin, dexamethason) protokoll szerinti mentő kezelés indult venetoclax kiegészítésben. Mivel a beteg klinikailag jól reagált, allogén őssejt-transzplantáció elbírálására felterjesztés történt, melyet elfogadtak.

Megbeszélés

A plasmasejtes myelomában viszonylag gyakoriak a másodlagos, izommal határos szöveti beszűrődések, azonban a közvetlen izomszövetben megjelenő plasmocytomák igen ritkák. Esetünket a biopsziával és képalkotó vizsgálatokkal igazolt ritka EMP-lokalizáció miatt tartottuk bemutatásra alkalmasnak.
Exploring the efficacy of Shexiang Tongxin extract pills in severe heart failure
Authors: Zeng Yanping , Ma Weixing , Xue Hua , Ren Xiaohui , Zhu Guanfeng , Xiao Keming , Jiang Zhenhua
Published: October 2023

The clinical efficacy of Shexiang Tongxin pills (STP) on cardiac function, inflammation, and prognosis was investigated in patients with severe heart failure. A total of 140 patients with severe heart failure, diagnosed and treated at the Shaoxing Central Hospital and its affiliates, were divided into control and experimental groups. Patients in the control group received conventional treatment, while those in the experimental group were given STP plus conventional treatment. The cardiac functions, levels of inflammatory factors, and outcomes of 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) were assessed and compared after 12 weeks of intervention. Besides, the rehospitalization and mortality proportions were also determined during a 1-year follow-up. In addition, oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) were conducted to mimic the injury of H9c2 cells in heart failure; cell survival, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and inflammatory factors were also evaluated. Post-intervention, patients in the experiment group demonstrated greater improvement in cardiac functions, especially regarding left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, which were significantly decreased, while left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Further, the levels of inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor-α, hypersensitive C-reactive-protein, and interleukin 6, were significantly lower (P < 0.05), and a superior 6MWD outcome was observed in patients from the experimental group, compared to the control group (P < 0.05). After 1-year follow-up, both rehospitalization rate and mortality were significantly decreased in the experimental group, compared to the control group (rehospitalization, 38.57% vs. 55.71%, and mortality, 12.86% vs. 27.14%, respectively; P < 0.05). Furthermore, STP increased cell survival and reduced cell apoptosis, cytotoxicity, and inflammatory response in cardiomyocytes induced by OGD/R. Shexiang Tongxin pill demonstrated significant and promising clinical effects in treating severe heart failure by ameliorating cardiac functions, reducing inflammatory factor levels, and improving patients’ prognosis. In addition, STP ameliorated cellular damage and inflammation at cellular level. Thus, STP demonstrated important clinical values.