bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two-channel photonic crystal fiber based on surface plasmon resonance for magnetic field and temperature dual-parameter sensing
Authors: Wang Dongying , Yi Zao , Ma Guolu , Dai Bo , Yang Junbo , Zhang Jianfa , Yu Yang , Liu Chao , Wu Xianwen , Bian Qiang
Published: August 2022

A dual-parameter sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is proposed. The proposed sensor has a unique structure and excellent sensing performance, which is important for the simultaneous sensing of multiple basic physical parameters.
Comparative study of Janus B2XY (X, Y = S, Se, Te) and F-BNBN-H monolayers for water splitting: revealing the positive and negative roles of the intrinsic dipole
Authors: Yan Xiao-Jun , Li Wen-Yuan , Nan Guo-Ting , Zou Xing , Liu Li-Li , Wang Anrong , Wang Shi-Fa , Wei Yong , Yang Chun-Ming , Hu Lei
Published: August 2022

Water splitting is negatively influenced by intrinsic dipole when VBM is located at the surface possesing a lower vacuum level.
Molecules of life: studying the interaction between water and phosphine in argon matrices
Authors: Graneri Matthew H. V. , Wild Duncan A. , McKinley Allan J.
Published: August 2022

The interaction between water and phosphine isolated in solid argon matrices has been investigated.
Switchable and dynamic G-quadruplexes and their applications
Authors: Dong Jiantong , O'Hagan Michael P. , Willner Itamar
Published: August 2022

G-Quadruplexes represent important functional constituents in biology, chemistry, nanotechnology, and material science. The article reviews the dynamic reconfiguration of G-quadruplexes and their applications in diverse scientific disciplines.
Energy transfer properties of a single-phase Na3Gd(PO4)2:Eu2+,Mn2+ phosphor with excellent thermal stability for w-LEDs
Authors: Xie Meiling , Wu Meihua , Fang Minghao , Huang Zhaohui , Liu Yan'gai , Wu Xiaowen , Min Xin
Published: August 2022

Novel single-phase Na3Gd(PO4)2:Eu2+, Mn2+ phosphors have been obtained with excellent thermal stability. The CRI and CIE coordinates of Na3Gd(PO4)2:Eu2+, Mn2+ phosphors are better, which reveal their potential for application in UV/NUV based w-LEDs.
Targeted cancer phototherapy using phthalocyanine–anticancer drug conjugates
Authors: Rennie Christopher C. , Edkins Robert M.
Published: August 2022

The strategy of targeting phthalocyanine photosensitizers by conjugation to different classes of anticancer drugs for improved phototherapy is reviewed.
Oligopyrrolic Cu(ii)-based tetragonal cage: synthesis, structure, and spectral and magnetic properties
Authors: Zhu Zhenhua , Liu Shuting , Zhao Chen , Li Xiao-Lei , Mansikkamäki Akseli , Tang Jinkui
Published: August 2022

An oligopyrrolic Cu(ii)-based metallocage was constructed featuring two antiferromagnetically coupled dimeric cupric tetracarboxylate units bridged by a single molecule of water.
Determining overpotentials for the oxidation of alcohols by molecular electrocatalysts in non-aqueous solvents
Authors: Speelman Amy L. , Gerken James B. , Heins Spencer P. , Wiedner Eric S. , Stahl Shannon S. , Appel Aaron M.
Published: August 2022

Overpotentials are assessed for electrocatalytic oxidation of alcohols using molecular complexes in organic solvents. This work enables meaningful comparison of electrocatalysts across solvents and conditions to establish essential design criteria.
The dependence of soot particle ice nucleation ability on its volatile content
Authors: Gao Kunfeng , Koch Hans-Christian , Zhou Chong-Wen , Kanji Zamin A.
Published: August 2022

The removal of volatile content enhances the ice nucleation of soot particles by increasing the particle porosity and surface wettability.
Shape-dependent biological activity of spherical and quasi-spherical silver nanoparticles in E. coli, A549 cells and mice
Authors: Puchkova Ludmila V. , Sankova Tatiana P. , Magazenkova Daria N. , Skomorokhova Ekaterina A. , Orlov Iurii A. , Sakhenberg Elena I. , Sosnin Ilya M. , Al Farroukh Mohammad , Romanov Alexey E. , Ilyechova Ekaterina Yu.
Published: August 2022

Quasi-spherical silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with more edges possessed higher antibacterial activity but the same ability to interfere with copper metabolism in mice as the spherical AgNPs with the same size.
Addressing main challenges in the tertiary treatment of urban wastewater: are homogeneous photodriven AOPs the answer?
Authors: Rizzo Luigi
Published: August 2022

Homogeneous photodriven advanced oxidation processes (HP-AOPs) have been increasingly investigated in past years as a possible alternative solution to conventional tertiary treatment methods of urban wastewater.
17O solid state NMR as a valuable tool for deciphering reaction mechanisms in mechanochemistry: the case study on the 17O-enrichment of hydrated Ca-pyrophosphate biominerals
Authors: Goldberga Ieva , Jensen Nicholai D. , Combes Christèle , Mentink-Vigier Frédéric , Wang Xiaoling , Hung Ivan , Gan Zhehong , Trébosc Julien , Métro Thomas-Xavier , Bonhomme Christian , Gervais Christel , Laurencin Danielle
Published: August 2022

The possibility of enriching in 17O the water molecules within hydrated biominerals belonging to the Ca-pyrophosphate family was investigated, using liquid assisted grinding (LAG) in the presence of 17O-labelled water.
The development of a lead-free replacement for the Lindlar catalyst for alkyne semi-hydrogenation using silica supported, N-doped carbon modified cobalt nanoparticles
Authors: McNeice Peter , Müller Marc-André , Medlock Jonathan , Bonrath Werner , Rockstroh Nils , Bartling Stephan , Lund Henrik , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias
Published: August 2022

The synthesis of vitamin precursors via alkyne semi-hydrogenation has been achieved with a lead- and palladium-free catalyst.
Enhancing β-hydroxy ketone selectivity in the aldol condensation of furfural and acetone over N–B–O sites in calcined boron nitride
Authors: Deng Tianyu , Yan Binhang
Published: August 2022

Air-calcined BN can catalyze the aldol reaction of furfural and acetone while suppressing dehydration to afford β-hydroxy ketone. Two types of O-substituted N defect sites were identified and a B-centered Lewis acid-catalyzed mechanism was proposed.
A general photo-induced wide-scope regioselective hydroboration of alkenes without using a photocatalyst or an external initiator
Authors: Miao Yu-Qi , Li Xin-Ying , Pan Qiao-Jing , Ma Yubin , Kang Jia-Xin , Ma Yan-Na , Liu Zhenxing , Chen Xuenian
Published: August 2022

A general photo-induced regioselective hydroboration of alkenes without photocatalyst or an external initiator has been developed throughin situformed boryl radicals. Thiol plays the dual role as a proton donor and hydrogen atom transfer catalyst.
Polyoxometalate-based nanocomposites for antitumor and antibacterial applications
Authors: Chang Dening , Li Yanda , Chen Yuxuan , Wang Xiaojing , Zang Dejin , Liu Teng
Published: August 2022

This article reviews the applications of polyoxometalates based nanocomposites in antitumor and antibacterial and discusses the mechanism of polyoxometalates composites in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and anti-drug resistant bacteria.
Hydrothermal synthesis of Eu3+-doped BaMoO4 fluorescent probe for the selective detection of Fe3+ ions
Authors: Wang Dongmei , Liang Yunhao , Wang Zhiyi , Hu Shanshan , Yang Jun
Published: August 2022

BaMoO4:Eu3+ fluorescent probe materials have high selectivity and sensitivity for Fe3+-ion detection and can be applied to the detection of Fe3+ in actual wastewater.
Coumarin-acetohydrazide derivatives as novel antiproliferative agents via VEGFR-2/AKT axis inhibition and apoptosis triggering
Authors: Abdel Ghany Lina M. A. , El-Dydamony Nehad M. , Helwa Amira A. , Abdelraouf Sahar M. , Abdelnaby Rana M.
Published: August 2022

The VEGFR-2/AKT pathway is a crucial axis in tumor survival where it is highly dysregulated in many cancer types.
Zn-doped SnS with sulfur vacancies for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water
Authors: Lei Weisheng , Wang Fengzhi , Lu Bin , Ye Zhizhen , Pan Xinhua
Published: August 2022

The band structure of SnS was regulated through zinc doping and vacancy engineering to achieve significant photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance.
Enhanced piezotronics by single-crystalline ferroelectrics for uniformly strengthening the piezo-photocatalysis of electrospun BaTiO3@TiO2 nanofibers
Authors: Fu Bi , Li Jianjie , Jiang Huaide , He Xiaoli , Ma Yanmei , Wang Jingke , Shi Chaoyang , Hu Chengzhi
Published: August 2022

Mechanically induced polarization of ferroelectric materials generate reactive oxygen species for in situ piezocatalysis and enhance photochemical reactivities by facilitating the separation of photoinduced electron and hole pairs.
UV-light-assisted gas sensor based on PdSe2/InSe heterojunction for ppb-level NO2 sensing at room temperature
Authors: Fan Jin-Le , Hu Xue-Feng , Qin Wei-Wei , Liu Zhi-Yuan , Liu Yan-Song , Gao Shou-Jing , Tan Li-Ping , Yang Ji-Lei , Luo Lin-Bao , Zhang Wei
Published: August 2022

Schematic diagram of the sensing mechanism of the UV-light-assisted PdSe2/InSe heterojunction sensor.
Synthesis of 7-hydroxydibenzopyran-6-ones via benzannulation of coumarins
Authors: Surya Prakash Rao H. , Prabakaran M. , Muthanna Nandurka
Published: August 2022

A facile synthesis of several 7-hydroxydibenzopyran-6-ones from 3-acylcoumarins and ethyl cyanoacetate under transition metal-free conditions.
Palladium-catalysed Csp3–H functionalisation of unactivated 8-aminoquinoline amides in deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Marset Xavier
Published: August 2022

Enhanced reactivity of aliphatic amides via C–H activation has been found in deep eutectic solvents. The sustainability of the process is improved over previous reports and post-synthetic modifications are performed in these neoteric solvents.
Cu(ii)-catalyzed [4 + 1] and [4 + 3] annulation reactions: a modular approach to N-aryl/alkyl substituted 2,5-diamidopyrroles and diazepines
Authors: Choudhary Shivani , Gayyur  , Ghosh Nayan
Published: August 2022

A general strategy for the synthesis of 2,5-diamido-substituted N-arylpyrroles and structurally unique heterocycle-fused 1,3-diazepines using a Cu(ii) catalyst has been showcased.
Multi-responsive γ-methylene-γ-butyrolactone/N-vinyl caprolactam copolymers involving pH-dependent reversible lactonization
Authors: Wang Zhuoqun , Debuigne Antoine
Published: August 2022

Copolymerization of γ-methylene-γ-butyrolactone with N-vinyl caprolactam leads to a peculiar multi-responsive NVCL-based system involving a unique reversible pH-dependent ring opening/closure of the pendant lactones.
Mixed-ligand complexes of copper(ii) with thienoyltrifluoroacetonate and nitrogen containing ligands: synthesis, structures, antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity, Hirshfeld surface analysis and DFT studies
Authors: Omoregie Helen Oluwatola , Oloba-Whenu Oluwakemi A. , Olowu Olawale J. , Fasina Tolulope M. , Friedrich Alexandra , Haehnel Martin , Marder Todd B.
Published: August 2022

Mixed-ligand complexes of copper(ii) with thienoyltrifluoroacetonate, 2,2′-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline, and tetramethylethylenediamine, associated with counter ions such as Cl−and NO3have been synthesized and characterized.
Transition metal oxides as a cathode for indispensable Na-ion batteries
Authors: Kanwade Archana , Gupta Sheetal , Kankane Akash , Tiwari Manish Kumar , Srivastava Abhishek , Kumar Satrughna Jena Akash , Chand Yadav Subhash , Shirage Parasharam M.
Published: August 2022

Na+ion intercalated layered metal oxides have tremendous applications as the cathode materials for SIBs owing to their superior electrochemical performance compared to other types of cathode materials.
Continuous hydrothermal furfural production from xylose in a microreactor with dual-acid catalysts
Authors: Tongtummachat Tiprawee , Jaree Attasak , Akkarawatkhoosith Nattee
Published: August 2022

An effective continuous furfural production from xylose in a microreactor over dual-acid catalysts was proposed. In this work, furfural was synthesized in an organic solvent-free system using formic acid and aluminum chloride as catalyst.
Super-stable SnO2/MoS2 enhanced the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution in acidic environments
Authors: Huang Kun , Yang Lan , Gao Yihong , Li Shikuo , Zhang Hui , Huang Fangzhi
Published: August 2022

We designed a superstable SnO2/MoS2 coupled nanosheet array on carbon cloth, which exhibited interface engineering of SnO2/MoS2 with fast electron transfer and proton adsorption boosting electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution in acidic environments.
Enhancing K2S2O8 electrochemiluminescence based on silver nanoparticles and zinc metal–organic framework composite (AgNPs@ZnMOF) for the determination of l-cysteine
Authors: Wang Lina , Wu Qi , Yu Ru , Zhang Hongge , Nie Fei , Zhang Wenyan
Published: August 2022

A silver nanoparticle-doped Zn(ii) metal–organic framework composite (AgNPs@ZnMOF) was investigated as an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signal enhancer for potassium persulfate.
Temperature-sensitive foaming agent developed for smart foam drainage technology
Authors: Jia Wenfeng , Xian Chenggang , Wu Junwen
Published: August 2022

A temperature-sensitive surfactant with Gemini structure, possessing intelligent temperature response switching performance, was synthesized for smart foam drainage technology.
Discovering surface reaction pathways using accelerated molecular dynamics and network analysis tools
Authors: Hirai Hirotoshi , Jinnouchi Ryosuke
Published: August 2022

We present an automated method that maps surface reaction pathways with no experimental data and with minimal human interventions.
Relative effects of polymer composition and sample preparation on glass dynamics
Authors: Elder Robert M. , Forster Amanda L. , Krishnamurthy Ajay , Dennis Joseph M. , Akiba Hiroshi , Yamamuro Osamu , Ito Kanae , Evans Katherine M. , Soles Christopher , Sirk Timothy W.
Published: August 2022

Size and geometry of free volume holes are related to cage dynamics in polymer glasses. Molecular simulations, positron annihilation spectroscopy and quasi-elastic neutron scattering show how the polarity of monomers and quench rate control the population of aspherical holes.
Presentation of gas-phase-reactant-accessible single-rhodium-atom catalysts for CO oxidation, via MOF confinement of an Anderson polyoxometalate
Authors: Liu Qin , Chen Zhihengyu , Shabbir Hafeera , Duan Jiaxin (Dawn) , Bi Wentuan , Lu Zhiyong , Schweitzer Neil , Alayoglu Selim , Goswami Subhadip , Chapman Karena W. , Getman Rachel B. , Wang Qining , Notestein Justin M. , Hupp Joseph T.
Published: August 2022

Well-defined RhMo6O24n− clusters were encapsulated within a hierarchically porous MOF NU-1K and tested for an illustrative gas-phase CO oxidation reaction.
Understanding ion diffusion in anion exchange membranes; effects of morphology and mobility of pendant cationic groups
Authors: Rezayani Mohammad , Sharif Farhad , Makki Hesam
Published: August 2022

A new methodology to assess ion diffusion in side-chain modified AEMs reveals separate roles for functionality and side-chain length: the former determines hydrophilic pathway morphology and the latter regulates anion diffusion rate in the channels.
3D printed, environment tolerant all-solid-state capacitive ionic skin
Authors: Wu Yixuan , Cai Ling , Chen Guangxue , Yang Fengzhi , He Minghui
Published: August 2022

By the photopolymerization 3D printing of photopolymerizable deep eutectic solvents, a stable and sensitive solid-state capacitive ionic skin is reported.
Exploration of multifunctional wood coating based on an interpenetrating network system of rosin-CO2-based polyurethane and mussel bionic rosin-based benzoxazine
Authors: Piao Xixi , Guo Hanxiang , Cao Yizhong , Wang Zhe , Jin Chunde
Published: August 2022

Polyurethane (PU) prepared by blending rosin base and CO2-polyol already has good mechanical properties and hydrophobic effect and has powerful benefits in acid and alkali resistance and salt resistance.
Triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion combined with afterglow phosphors for multi-dimensional anti-counterfeiting and encoding
Authors: Zhao Xin , Chen Shuoran , Ye Changqing , Li Lin , Hu Yanqing , Wang Xiaomei , Song Yanlin
Published: August 2022

A multi-mode luminescent system combining triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion with afterglow phosphors through energy transfer is demonstrated and applied for multi-dimensional anti-counterfeiting and encoding applications.
Thermo-mechanical reversibility in a shape memory organic salt
Authors: Ranjan Subham , Honda Hisashi , Takamizawa Satoshi
Published: August 2022

The dual-stimulus response behavior of organic crystals, exhibiting shape memory effects at slightly above body temperature, to thermal and mechanical stress was analyzed by stress–strain curves, crystallography, and solid-state NMR spectroscopy.
A portable SERS sensing platform for the multiplex identification and quantification of pesticide residues on plant leaves
Authors: Ye Cheng , He Meng , Zhu Zhengdong , Shi Xiaoyi , Zhang Maofeng , Bao Zhiyong , Huang Youju , Jiang Changlong , Li Jianhua , Wu Yucheng
Published: August 2022

The synergetic effect of the ZnO@Co3O4 and the plasmonic AgNPs together with the molecular preconcentration enabled it to ultrasensitively and quantitatively detect organophosphorus pesticides on real samples on a portable Raman instrument.
High thermal insulation properties of A2FeCoO6−δ (A = Ca, Sr)
Authors: Hona Ram Krishna , Karki Surendra B. , Dhaliwal Gurjot S. , Guinn Mandy , Ramezanipour Farshid
Published: August 2022

Materials with low thermal conductivity are essential to providing thermal insulation to many technological systems, such as electronics, thermoelectrics and aerospace devices.
Controlling amyloid formation of intrinsically disordered proteins and peptides: slowing down or speeding up?
Authors: Xu Yong , Maya-Martinez Roberto , Radford Sheena E.
Published: August 2022

The pathological assembly of intrinsically disordered proteins/peptides (IDPs) into amyloid fibrils is associated with a range of human pathologies, including neurodegeneration, metabolic diseases and systemic amyloidosis. These debilitating disorders affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide, and the number of people affected is increasing sharply. However, the discovery of therapeutic agents has been immensely challenging largely because of (i) the diverse number of aggregation pathways and the multi-conformational and transient nature of the related proteins or peptides and (ii) the under-development of experimental pipelines for the identification of disease-modifying molecules and their mode-of-action. Here, we describe current approaches used in the search for small-molecule modulators able to control or arrest amyloid formation commencing from IDPs and review recently reported accelerators and inhibitors of amyloid formation for this class of proteins. We compare their targets, mode-of-action and effects on amyloid-associated cytotoxicity. Recent successes in the control of IDP-associated amyloid formation using small molecules highlight exciting possibilities for future intervention in protein-misfolding diseases, despite the challenges of targeting these highly dynamic precursors of amyloid assembly.
Day‐ahead unit commitment for hydro‐thermal coordination with high participation of wind power
Authors: Zuluaga Jorge , Murillo‐Sanchez Carlos E. , Moreno‐Chuquen Ricardo , Chamorro Harold R. , Sood Vijay K.
Published: August 2022

The variability and uncertainty of renewable resources impose new challenges in the operational planning related to the unit commitment of generation units. The development of day‐ahead multi‐period optimal power flow, under integration of wind power, requires modelling of multiple scenarios in order to ensure an optimal power flow minimising the generation cost. A progressive hedging approach has been proposed and developed to solve efficiently the unit commitment problem as a two‐stage stochastic programming problem to update each stage in parallel. The performance of progressive hedging is compared with a standard mixed‐integer linear programming problem. The results indicate that the computation time is 50 times faster than standard mixed‐integer linear programming. The test case system is based on a reduced version of the interconnected Colombian system. The comparative results indicate an important reduction in computational time.
Rotation in stellar interiors: General formulation and an asteroseismic-calibrated transport by the Tayler instability
Authors: Eggenberger P. , Moyano F. D. , den Hartogh J. W.
Published: August 2022

Context. Asteroseismic measurements of the internal rotation of evolved stars indicate that at least one unknown efficient angular momentum (AM) transport mechanism is needed in stellar radiative zones in addition to hydrodynamic transport processes.

Aims. We investigate the impact of AM transport by the magnetic Tayler instability as a possible candidate for such a missing physical mechanism.

Methods. We derived general equations for AM transport by the Tayler instability to be able to test different versions of the Tayler-Spruit (TS) dynamo by comparing rotational properties of these models with asteroseismic constraints available for sub-giant and red giant stars.

Results. These general equations highlight, in a simple way, the key role played by the adopted damping timescale of the azimuthal magnetic field on the efficiency of the resulting AM transport. Using this framework, we first show that the original TS dynamo provides an insufficient coupling in low-mass red giants that have a radiative core during the main sequence (MS), as was found previously for more massive stars that develop a convective core during the MS. We find that the core rotation rates of red giant branch (RGB) stars predicted by models computed with various prescriptions for the TS dynamo are nearly insensitive to the adopted initial rotation velocity. We then derived a new calibrated version of the original TS dynamo and find that the damping timescale adopted for the azimuthal field in the original TS dynamo has to be increased by a factor of about 200 to correctly reproduce the core rotation rates of stars on the RGB. This calibrated version predicts no correlation of the core rotation rates with the stellar mass for RGB stars in good agreement with asteroseismic observations. Moreover, it correctly reproduces the core rotation rates of clump stars similarly to a revised prescription proposed recently. Interestingly, this new calibrated version of the TS dynamo is found to be in slightly better agreement with the core rotation rates of sub-giant stars, while simultaneously better accounting for the evolution of the core rotation rates along the RGB compared to the revised dynamo version. These results were obtained with both the Geneva and the MESA stellar evolution codes.
Surface brightness-colour relations of dwarf stars from detached eclipsing binaries
Authors: Graczyk D. , Pietrzyński G. , Galan C. , Southworth J. , Gieren W. , Kałuszyński M. , Zgirski B. , Gallenne A. , Górski M. , Hajdu G. , Karczmarek P. , Kervella P. , Maxted P. F. L. , Nardetto N. , Narloch W. , Pilecki B. , Pych W. , Rojas Garcia G. , Storm J. , Suchomska K. , Taormina M. , Wielgórski P.
Published: August 2022

Aims. Surface brightness – colour relations (SBCRs) are very useful tools for predicting the angular diameters of stars. They offer the possibility to calculate very precise spectrophotometric distances by the eclipsing binary method or the Baade-Wesselink method. Double-lined Detached Eclipsing Binary stars (SB2 DEBs) with precisely known trigonometric parallaxes allow for a calibration of SBCRs with unprecedented precision. In order to improve such calibrations, it is important to enlarge the calibration sample of suitable eclipsing binaries with very precisely determined physical parameters.

Methods. We carefully chose a sample of ten SB2 DEBs in the solar neighbourhood which contain inactive main-sequence components. The components have spectral types from early A to early K. All systems have high-precision parallaxes from the Gaia mission. We analysed high precision ground- and space-based photometry simultaneously with the radial velocity curves derived from HARPS spectra. We used spectral disentangling to obtain the individual spectra of the components and used these to derive precise atmospheric parameters and chemical abundances. For almost all components, we derived precise surface temperatures and metallicities.

Results. We derived absolute dimensions for 20 stars with an average precision of 0.2% and 0.5% for masses and radii, respectively. Three systems show slow apsidal motion. One system, HD 32129, is most likely a triple system with a much fainter K6V companion. Also three systems contain metallic-line components and show strong enhancements of barium and ittrium.

Conclusions. The components of all systems compare well to the SBCR derived before from the detached eclipsing binary stars. With a possible exception of HD 32129, they can be used to calibrate SBCRs with a precision better than 1% with available Gaia DR3 parallaxes.
The hunt for extraterrestrial high-energy neutrino counterparts
Authors: Liodakis I. , Hovatta T. , Pavlidou V. , Readhead A.C.S. , Blandford R. D. , Kiehlmann S. , Lindfors E. , Max-Moerbeck W. , Pearson T. J. , Petropoulou M.
Published: August 2022

The origin of Petaelectronvolt (PeV) astrophysical neutrinos is fundamental to our understanding of the high-energy Universe. Apart from the technical challenges of operating detectors deep below ice, oceans, and lakes, the phenomenological challenges are even greater than those of gravitational waves; the sources are unknown, hard to predict, and we lack clear signatures. Neutrino astronomy therefore represents the greatest challenge faced by the astronomy and physics communities thus far. The possible neutrino sources range from accretion disks and tidal disruption events, to relativistic jets and galaxy clusters with blazar TXS 0506+056 the most compelling association thus far. Since that association, immense effort has been put into proving or disproving that jets are indeed neutrino emitters, but to no avail. By generating simulated neutrino counterpart samples, we explore the potential of detecting a significant correlation of neutrinos with jets from active galactic nuclei. We find that, given the existing challenges, even our best experiments could not have produced a > 3σ result. Larger programs over the next few years will be able to detect a significant correlation only if the brightest radio sources, rather than all jetted active galactic nuclei, are neutrino emitters. We discuss the necessary strategies required to steer future efforts into successful experiments.
Approach for the adaptations of a nuclear reactor model towards more flexibility in a context of high insertion of renewable energies
Authors: Mazauric Anne-Laure , Sciora Pierre , Pascal Vincent , Droin Jean-Baptiste , Bésanger Yvon , Hadjsaïd Nouredine , Tran Quoc Tuan
Published: August 2022

The massive penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) that are variable and not “dispatchable”, may weaken the power system supply-demand balance. Nuclear power plants (NPP) contribute in part to this daily and seasonal balance thanks to the “load-following” mode in France for example, but there are still limits to their use. These limits prevent a nuclear power modulation as efficient and quickly as the conventional thermal power plants. The need in terms of power ramps for nuclear in a constrained power system has been quantified in previous studies. Nuclear may compensate for the removal of thermal power plants, in order to fulfill energetic strategies of CO2 reduction. The possibility that nuclear reactors can achieve power ramps of significant values (>5%Pn/min) is put forward and could make possible to replace the services currently provided by thermal power plants. The objective of the study is then to use these power system requirements as the main input parameter for the modelling of a current simplified nuclear reactor capable of responding to frequency control within a specific hypothesis framework. In this paper, a French 1300 MW pressurized water reactor is modelled. Parametric studies are carried out in order to reveal technical and technological constraints when increasing electric power ramp. The study explores ways of design, which may influence reactor flexibility, such as the neutron parameter, Doppler coefficient, or the thermohydraulic parameter, delay in the primary loop.
Effects of high ambient temperature on the accuracy of thermoluminescent dosimeters for environmental monitoring
Authors: Al-Shehri S. , Shubayr N. , Alghamdi A. , Alshahrani A. , Mubarki Y. , Al-Shehri A. , Alashban Y.
Published: August 2022

Thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs) are widely used for both personal and environmental dosimetry. TLDs should have high accuracy under different conditions. The TL signal can drop over time because of fading (loss of signal due to thermally induced recombination of trapped charriers), thus leading to underestimation of the irradiation dose. The Saudi climate is extremely hot for most of the year, which could significantly affect TLD measurements. Therefore, the effect of ambient temperature, storage time and irradiation dose were investigated both in laboratory controlled-temperature conditions and field experiments, for two commercial dosimeters: Harshaw (TLD-100H™) and RADCARD (MCP-N™), which are used for environmental monitoring. The irradiated TLDs were exposed to a range of ambient temperatures (25 °C–65 °C) then stored for 30, 60, and 90 days. A signal fading due to increasing ambient temperature and storage time was generally observed. MCP-N shows good stability and is less responsive to increasing ambient temperature compared to TLD-100H. TLD-100H is less affected by storage time compared to MCP-N. Irradiation doses play a role in TL signal fading, and TLDs irradiated with 5 mSv have a higher rate of loss compared to those irradiated with 2 mSv in all TLD types. The obtained results permitted to conclude that all TLD types used in this study suffer from TL signal fading, and its degree varies between TLD types.
Not Simply a Structural Problem: Psychological Determinants of
Headache in Patients with Tumors of the Sellar Region
Authors: Siegel Sonja , Schenk Thomas , Brabant Georg , Scholl Renata Carneiro , Buchfelder Michael , Kreitschmann-Andermahr Ilonka
Published: August 2022

Objective Headache in patients with tumors of the sellar region (TSR) has
previously been attributed entirely to biomechanical causes. This study aimed to
investigate the influence of psychological determinants for the occurrence of
and disability due to headaches in patients with TSR.

Methods This was a cross-sectional single-center study with a logistic
regression approach. Eighty-four patients (75%) with pituitary adenomas
and 28 with other TSR prior to first-time neurosurgery were investigated.
One-hundred and twelve patients received standardized questionnaires on
personality, headache characteristics, and disability due to headache.
Fifty-nine patients additionally filled in questionnaires about coping with
stress and pain catastrophizing. Separate logistic regression models were used
to predict the risk of headache occurrence and disability due to headache by
personality, stress coping, and pain catastrophizing.

Results Conscientiousness, neuroticism, and pain catastrophizing were
significant predictors of headache occurrence. The amount of explained variance
for both models predicting headache occurrence was comparable to that in primary
headache. Neuroticism, pain catastrophizing, and humor as a coping strategy
predicted disability due to headache with a high variance explanation of
20–40%.

Conclusion For the first time, we report data supporting a strong
psychological influence on headache and headache-related disability in patients
with TSR, which argue against purely mechanistic explanatory models. Physicians
treating patients with TSR and headaches should adopt an integrative diagnostic
and treatment approach, taking the biopsychosocial model of pain into
account.
Chemosaturation of the Liver – an Update
Authors: Ebel Sebastian , Struck Manuel Florian , van Boemmel Florian , Beeskow Anne Bettina , Gößmann Holger , Denecke Timm
Published: August 2022

Background Percutaneous hepatic perfusion (CS-PHP) is a treatment option for primary and secondary liver neoplasms and subject of intensive research. This present article provides an overview of CS-PHP regarding patient safety, feasibility and effectiveness based on recent studies.

Method We performed a PubMed search including the search terms chemosaturation, hepatic chemosaturation, percutaneous perfusion and melphalan.

Results and conclusion CS-PHP is a promising procedure for the treatment of uveal melanoma and cholangiocellular carcinoma. There are insufficient data regarding the effectiveness of CS-PHP with respect to other tumor entities. Since CS-PHP can be accompanied by multiple transient side effects and complications, close interdisciplinary cooperation is necessary.

Key Points:

Citation Format
Onkolytische Virotherapie bei Kopf-Hals-Karzinomen
Authors: Runge Annette , Petersson Monika , Riechelmann Herbert
Published: August 2022

Ziel Onkolytische Viren (OV) infizieren und töten Krebszellen und lösen eine antitumorale Immunantwort aus. Durch ihr Potenzial, die Immunresistenz von Tumoren zu durchbrechen, könnten OV eine zukünftige zusätzliche Behandlungsoption bei Patient*innen mit fortgeschrittenen Kopf-Hals-Karzinomen (HNC) sein. Wirkungsweise und Modifikationen der OV zur Behandlung von HNC werden erläutert, ebenso die Risiken bei der Anwendung. Ergebnisse präklinischer und klinischer Studien werden vorgestellt.

Methoden Präklinische und klinische Studien zu OV und HNC wurden in der PubMed-Literaturdatenbank und internationalen Studienregistern analysiert. Untersuchungen zum onkolytischen Herpes-Simplex-Virus (HSV), Adenovirus, Vacciniavirus und Reovirus wurden ausgewählt.

Ergebnisse In jüngsten präklinischen Studien wurde eine verstärkte Infektion und Abtötung von Tumorzellen durch OV mit Kapsid- und Genommodifikationen beschrieben. Die meisten klinischen Studien waren Phase-I/II-Studien. In Phase-III-Studien wurden nach Behandlung mit onkolytischem HSV, Adenoviren und Reoviren eine partielle Tumorregression und ein verlängertes Überleben beobachtet. In den meisten Studien wurden OV mit Radiochemotherapie oder Immuntherapie kombiniert.

Schlussfolgerung In den vorliegenden Studien war die OV-Therapie zur Behandlung von Patient*innen mit HNC sicher, oft gut verträglich und zeigte vielversprechende Ergebnisse in Hinsicht auf Ansprechen und Überleben, insbesondere in Kombination mit einer Radiochemotherapie oder Checkpoint-Inhibitoren.
Prospective Observational Study of N-terminal Pro–Brain Natriuretic Peptide Levels in Obese and Nonobese Women during Pregnancy
Authors: Denoble Anna E. , Moyett Julia M. , Goldstein Sarah A. , Ward Cary C. , Truong Tracy , Erkanli Alaattin , James Andra H. , Grotegut Chad A.
Published: August 2022

Objective N-terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), a marker of ventricular dysfunction, varies by body mass index (BMI) outside of pregnancy. This study aimed to determine whether obesity affects NT-proBNP levels in pregnancy.

Study Design This was a prospective observational study of healthy pregnant people in the third trimester (3TM) and postpartum (PP). Patients were excluded if they had significant medical comorbidities or if their fetuses had anomalies, growth restriction or aneuploidy. NT-proBNP was measured at 28 weeks (3TM), predelivery (PD), 1 to 2 days PP (immediate postpartum [IPP]), and 4 to 6 weeks PP (delayed postpartum [DPP]). LogNT-proBNP levels were analyzed using linear mixed effects models, including BMI < or ≥30, time, and time-by-BMI interactions.

Results Fifty-five people (28 [51%] with BMI ≥ 30 and 27 [49%] with BMI < 30) were enrolled. A greater proportion of obese than nonobese subjects developed hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (50 vs. 15%, p = 0.010) and obese patients had higher systolic blood pressures at all time points (p < 0.05). NT-proBNP levels (median [interquartile range] in pg/mL) were 18 (6–28) versus 26 (17–48) at 3TM, 16 (3–38) versus 43 (21–60) at PD, 58 (20–102) versus 63 (38–155) at IPP, and 33 (27–56) versus 23 (8–42) at DPP for obese compared with nonobese patients. In linear mixed effects models, logNT-proBNP was lower in obese patients at 3TM (β = −0.89 [95% confidence interval, CI: −1.51, −0.26]) and PD (β = −1.05 [95% CI: −1.72, −0.38]). The logNT-proBNP trends over time differed by BMI category, with higher values in obese patients at both PP time points compared with the 3TM (IPP β = 1.24 [95% CI: 0.75, 1.73]; DPP β = 1.08 [95% CI: 0.52, 1.63]), but only IPP for nonobese patients (β = 0.87 [95% CI: 0.36, 1.38]).

Conclusion Obese patients had lower NT-proBNP levels than nonobese patients during pregnancy but not PP. The prolonged PP elevation in NT-proBNP in obese patients suggests that their PP cardiac recovery may be more prolonged.

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Severe Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Requiring Pharmacotherapy: Impact of Region of Residence
Authors: Sankaran Deepika , Rawat Shikha , Kachelmeyer Jennifer L. , Li Emily S. , Reynolds Anne M. , Rawat Munmun , Chandrasekharan Praveen
Published: August 2022

Objectives Our objective was to evaluate the trend and to assess the impact of maternal region of residence in Western New York (WNY), on severe neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS).

Study Design Term infants' born at gestational age greater than or equal to 37 weeks with severe NOWS, defined as withdrawal resulting in the receipt of pharmacologic therapy from WNY admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2016, were included. Severe NOWS admissions to our NICU from the following five regions were controlled with birth and insurance data: (1) Urban North, (2) Erie Coastal, (3) Niagara Frontier, (4) Southern Tier, and (5) Urban South.

Results “Urban South” residence was associated with an increased risk of severe NOWS (adjusted odds ratio = 1.8, 97.5% confidence interval: 1.1–2.9). The trend in admission for severe NOWS doubled between 2008 to 2010 and 2014 to 2016 (p = 0.01). More infants born to maternal nonprescribed opioid users were placed in foster care at discharge (36.5 vs. 1.9%, p < 0.001).

Conclusion In WNY, neonates born to mothers from the “Urban South” were twice at risk of being admitted for severe NOWS. One-third of infants with severe NOWS after nonprescribed opioid use were placed in foster care. Implementing targeted strategies at the community level may help improve outcomes in NOWS.

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Enhancing Interpretation of One-Time Body Composition Measurement at Near-Term Gestation in Preterm Infants: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Viswanathan Sreekanth , McNelis Kera , Alja'nini Zaineh , Merlino Stephanie , Collin Marc , Groh-Wargo Sharon
Published: August 2022

In preterm infants, longitudinal growth patterns have a stronger association with clinical outcomes than cross-sectional metrics. For qualitative growth, a one-time body composition measurement at near term is common, and here we explore the potential use of a novel estimated longitudinal body composition metric (adjusted fat-free mass deficit) using birth anthropometrics.

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Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Score Predicts Mortality in Patients with Liver Disease and Low Fibrinogen Level
Authors: Grafeneder Juergen , Buchtele Nina , Egger Daniel , Schwameis Michael , Ay Cihan , Jilma Bernd , Schoergenhofer Christian
Published: August 2022

Background Alongside its original diagnostic intention, the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis' (ISTH) disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) score predicts mortality in various patient groups.

Objectives We investigated whether coagulopathy quantified by the DIC score can predict 30-day mortality in patients with liver disease and low fibrinogen levels.

Methods We retrospectively analyzed all patients admitted to the Vienna General Hospital between 2003 and 2014 with a fibrinogen level of <150 mg/dL, a history of liver disease, and ≥2 pathological DIC parameters. We used a Cox regression and receiver operating characteristic analysis to assess the predictive value of the ISTH DIC score in its original (DIC-2001) and revised form (DIC-2018).

Results A total of 1,333 patients were screened, and 388 of these patients (38% female, median age: 58 years, interquartile range: 48–66 years) were analyzed. The DIC-2001 (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.78–2.59, p < 0.001) and DIC-2018 (HR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.51–2.05, p < 0.001) predicted 30-day mortality. The results remained robust in several sensitivity analyses.

Conclusion The ISTH DIC-2001 and DIC-2018 scores predicted 30-day mortality in patients with liver disease and low fibrinogen levels. The DIC score deserves further investigation in this population as it likely reflects different dimensions of the underlying disease.
Indomethacin Prophylaxis in Preterm Infants: Changes over Time
Authors: Curtis Samantha F. , Cotten C. Michael , Laughon Matthew , Younge Noelle , Peterson Jennifer , Clark Reese H. , Greenberg Rachel G.
Published: August 2022

Objective Our objective was to examine changes in the use of indomethacin prophylaxis in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) between 2008 and 2018.

Study Design The design of the study included cohort of 19,715 infants born between 220/7 and 266/7 weeks' gestation from 213 NICUs. A nonparametric trend test evaluated indomethacin prophylaxis and the percentage of sites using any prophylaxis over time. We evaluated the prevalence of indomethacin prophylaxis by the center and the correlation between indomethacin prophylaxis and severe intraventricular hemorrhage prevalence among 12 centers with the largest relative change in indomethacin prophylaxis prevalence.

Results In total, 16% of infants received indomethacin prophylaxis. The use of indomethacin prophylaxis did not significantly decrease between 2008 and 2018 but it significantly decreased between 2014 and 2018 (p = 0.046). Among 74 centers with ≥10 infants included, 20% increased the use of indomethacin prophylaxis, while 57% decreased the use over the study period. Of the 12 centers with the largest relative change in indomethacin prophylaxis prevalence, 50% showed an inverse correlation between indomethacin prophylaxis prevalence and severe intraventricular hemorrhage, while 50% showed a positive correlation.

Conclusion Receipt of indomethacin prophylaxis remained similar until 2014, decreased from 2014 to 2018, and varied by the center.

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Toward Optimal High Continuous Positive Airway Pressure as Postextubation Support in Preterm Neonates: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Khalid Lana , al-Balushi Said , Manoj Nandita , Rather Sufyan , Johnson Heather , Strauss Laura , Dutta Sourabh , Mukerji Amit
Published: August 2022

Objective This study aimed to evaluate whether the initial pressure level on high continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP; ≥9 cm H2O), in relation to preextubation mean airway pressure (Paw), influences short-term clinical outcomes in preterm neonates.

Study Design In this retrospective cohort study, preterm neonates <29 weeks' gestational age (GA) extubated from mean Paw ≥9 cm H2O and to high CPAP (≥9 cm H2O) were classified into “higher level CPAP” (2–3 cm H2O higher than preextubation Paw) and “equivalent CPAP” (−1 to +1 cm H2O in relation to preextubation Paw). Only the first eligible extubation per infant was analyzed. The primary outcome was failure within ≤7 days of extubation, defined as any one or more of (1) need for reintubation, (2) escalation to an alternate noninvasive respiratory support mode, or (3) use of CPAP >preextubation Paw + 3 cm H2O. Secondary outcomes included individual components of the primary outcome, along with other clinical and safety outcomes.

Results Over a 10-year period (Jan 2011–Dec 2020), 175 infants were extubated from mean Paw >9 cm H2O to high CPAP pressures. Twenty-seven patients (median GA = 24.7, [interquartile range (IQR)]: (24.0–26.4) weeks and chronological age = 31, IQR: [21–40] days) were classified into the “higher level CPAP” group while 148 infants (median GA = 25.4, IQR: [24.6–26.6] weeks and chronological age = 26, IQR: [10–39] days) comprised the “equivalent CPAP” group. There was no difference in the primary outcome (44 vs. 51%; p = 0.51), including postadjustment for confounders (adjusted OR [aOR] = 0.47 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.17–1.29; p = 0.14]). However, reintubation risk within 7 days was lower with higher level CPAP (7 vs. 37%; p < 0.01), including postadjustment (aOR = 0.07; 95% CI: 0.02–0.35; p < 0.01).

Conclusion In this cohort, use of initial distending CPAP pressures 2 to 3 cm H2O higher than preextubation Paw did not alter the primary outcome of failure but did lower the risk of reintubation. The latter is an interesting hypothesis-generating finding that requires further confirmation.

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Severe Maternal Morbidity among Low-Income Patients with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Authors: Moore Matthew D. , Mazzoni Sara E. , Wingate Martha S. , Bronstein Janet M.
Published: August 2022

Objective Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) contribute significantly to the development of severe maternal morbidities (SMM), particularly among low-income women. The purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between maternal characteristics and SMM, and to investigate if differences in SMM exist among patients with HDP diagnosis.

Study Design This study utilized 2017 Alabama Medicaid administrative claims. SMM diagnoses were captured using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's classification by International Classification of Diseases codes. Maternal characteristics and frequencies were compared using Chi-square and Cramer's V statistics. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine multivariable relationships between maternal characteristics and SMM among patients with HDP diagnosis. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate risk.

Results A higher proportion of patients experiencing SMM were >34 years old, Black, Medicaid for Low-Income Families eligible, lived in a county with greater Medicaid enrollment, and entered prenatal care (PNC) in the first trimester compared with those without SMM. Almost half of patients (46.2%) with SMM had a HDP diagnosis. After controlling for maternal characteristics, HDP, maternal age, county Medicaid enrollment, and trimester PNC entry were not associated with SMM risk. However, Black patients with HDP were at increased risk for SMM compared with White patients with HDP when other factors were taken into account (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.11–1.69). Patients with HDP and SMM were more likely to have a prenatal hospitalization (aOR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.20–1.76), emergency visit (aOR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.07–1.57), and postpartum cardiovascular prescription (aOR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.95–3.04).

Conclusion Rates of SMM differed by age, race, Medicaid income eligibility, and county Medicaid enrollment but were highest among patients with clinical comorbidities, especially HDP. However, among patients with HDP, Black patients had an elevated risk of severe morbidity even after controlling for other characteristics.

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