bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lateral versus conventional fasciotomy for prevention of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury in total hip arthroplasty with direct anterior approach: a study protocol for dual-center, single-blind, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tanabe Hiroki , Baba Tomonori , Ozaki Yu , Yanagisawa Naotake , Banno Sammy , Watari Taiji , Homma Yasuhiro , Kaneko Kazuo
Published: April 2021

Background; An incision for total hip arthroplasty (THA) via the direct anterior approach (DAA) is generally made outside of the space between sartorius and tensor fasciae lataea muscles to prevent lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) injury. Recent anatomical studies have revealed that the LFCN not only courses between the sartorius and tensor fasciae latae muscles, but it also branches radially while distributing in the transverse direction from the sartorius muscle to the tensor fasciae latae muscle. The latter is called the fan type, and studies suggest that damage to the fan type LFCN is unavoidable by conventional fasciotomy. We previously demonstrated that injury to non-fan type LFCN occurred in 28.6% of patients who underwent THA by fasciotomy performed 2 cm away from the intermuscular space. This suggests that the conventional approach also poses a risk of LFCN injury for non-fan type LFCN. LFCN injury is rarely reported in the anterolateral approach (ALA), which involves incision of fascia further away than DAA. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the position of fasciotomy in DAA affects the risk of LFCN injury. Methods; This is a prospective, randomized, controlled study. All patients are divided into the fan type and non-fan type using ultrasonography before surgery. Patients with the non-fan type LFCN will be performed by the conventional fasciotomy and the lateral fasciotomy in the order specified in the allocation table created in advance by our clinical trial center. The primary endpoint is the presence of LFCN injury. The secondary endpoints will be assessed based on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) at 3 months after surgery in an outpatient setting using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Hip-Disease Evaluation Questionnaire (JHEQ), and the Forgotten-Joint Score-12 (FJS-12). Discussion; We hypothesize that the incidence of LFCN injury due to DAA-THA can be reduced by making the incision further away from where it is typically made in conventional fasciotomy. If our hypothesis is confirmed, it will reduce the disadvantages of DAA, improve patient satisfaction. Trial registration; UMIN Clinical Trials Registry, UMIN000035945.Registered on 20 Feburary 2019.
Does Muti-media Health Education Reduce the Workload of Nurses Without Affecting Patient's Satisfaction: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yang Liping , Wei Huaping , Zhang Caiyun , Zhang Zhigang , Tian jINHUI , Ma Xiaojia , Han lulu , Li Na , Meng Wenbo , Yao Jia
Published: April 2021

Background: Health education is an educational activity, which can help to improve the individuals and groups health care knowledge, establish basic health concepts and voluntarily adopt healthy behaviors and lifestyles through information dissemination and behavioral intervention. As one of the key influencing factors of patients’ rehabilitation, health education with high quality and efficiency has been gaining more focus. Nowadays, health education in surgical intervention departments is mainly carried out by oral face-to-face communication and guidance from admission nurses; however, this is time-consuming and laborious. In addition, oral guidance is influenced by the nurse’s ability for expression and acknowledgement. Methods: This is a protocol for a perspective, parallel-group RCT conducted at a Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary surgery institute in Lanzhou. A total of 184 patients aged ≥18 years with general surgery illness and acceptable surgery, will be randomly allocated to 1 of the two groups (1:1 ratio). Conscious, cooperative Chinese speaking patients with primary school or above education level were recruited in the study. Each participant will have a baseline assessment at the hospital and the clinical data will be collected. In the group of multi-media video education, routine content of health education will be videotaped and played by the nurses on the first day of admission of the participants. Primary outcomes are nursing workload, and satisfaction of patients, family members, doctors and nurses. Secondary outcomes will include patients' anxiety level, inquiry time, time taken by the patients and their family members to watch videos.Discussion: This study investigates the two types of health education methods for surgical patients. These results may help reduce the workload of nurses, without impacting the satisfaction of surgical patients.Trial registration: NCT03989401. Registered on 17 June 2018.
Lernkulturen und Persönlichkeit
Authors: Toth Christian
Published: April 2021

Digitale Medien sind in der modernen Bildungslandschaft stetiger Hoffnungsträger für die Aufhebung der Bildungsungleichheit. Im Fokus der 2010er Jahre standen Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), die spätestens seit dem grossen MOOC-Hype 2012 kontinuierlich und in stetig wechselnder Gestalt als Optimierungen der Hochschulbildung gehandelt werden und selbst in den vergangenen sieben Jahren zahlreiche Veränderungen durchlaufen haben. MOOCs haben in der deutschen Hochschulbildung zu kontroversen Diskussionen geführt, bisweilen nehmen MOOCs an deutschen Hochschulen jedoch keinen besonderen Stellenwert ein. Dabei gäbees durchaus Potenziale zur Weiterentwicklung (und damit auch Optimierung) der Hochschullehre, wenn man an internationale Entwicklungen der MOOC-Forschung anknüpfen würde. Dieser Beitrag bilanziert, ob MOOCs den Ansprüchen der Digitalisierung in Hochschulen und den gesellschaftlichen Erwartungen, der Bildungsungleichheit entgegenzuwirken, gerecht werden und stützt sich in der kritischen Einschätzung auf die Ergebnisse einer gross angelegten (N > 1000) und abgeschlossenen quantitativen Studie über vier internationale MOOCs. Die Forschungsergebnisse begründen, warum MOOCs in ihrer traditionellen Form nicht zwingend zu einer Optimierung der Hochschulbildung führen, geben jedoch Hinweise darauf, wie dies nach wie vor gelingen könnte.
The stalemate of community policing in South Africa
Authors: Yesufu Shaka
Published: April 2021

With the end of the apartheid regime in South Africa, new police service was needed to promote the transition to democracy. Community policing was introduced from the United Kingdom in the 1990s into South Africa as a channel to heal the wounds and injustices of the past. Over Twenty-five years down the road, community policing in South Africa has made little or no impact on the majority of South Africans who will openly admit that they do not attend their local community forums, because they simply do not trust the police because of its oppressive past. It is a widely held view by several South Africans that the Police Service simply cannot change overnight from being a very brutal force to become the protectors of citizen’s human rights. This research is a qualitative study; whereby an extensive literature review was carried, exploring the issues and concepts related to community policing. The findings are that community policing has achieved its desired results. All citizens must go back to the drawing board again to bring community policing back on track for the benefit of all citizens to whom the police serve and protect. The author argues that the bitterness and divisions of the past must put be put to one side and that all citizens must co-create a country, where all South Africans are proudly part of and allowed to make their contributions.
Catalase activity as signal of antioxydant system affection under influence of limb ischemia-reperfusion
Authors: Volotovska Nataliya
Published: April 2021

The use of hemostatic tourniquet is a proved means of primary care. However, systemic disorders, as well as ultrastructural, in the area of compression can significantly worsen the condition of the injured organism.

The aim. Estimation of catalase level in rats’ liver on the background of modifications of ischemic-reperfusion syndrome to know the severest pathogenic combination for organism.

Materials and methods. 260 white adult male rats were divided into 5 groups: control (KG), EG1 – simulation of isolated ischemia-reperfusion syndrome (IRS) of the limb, EG2 – simulation of isolated volumetric blood loss, EG3 – combination of IRS of the limb with blood loss, EG4 – simulation of isolated mechanical injury of the thigh, EG5 – combination of IRS of the limb and mechanical injury. The variability of catalase level in liver was analyzed.

Results. It was found that each of the experimental interventions has led to changes of catalase activity in the liver. The most expressed pathological expressions were observed on the 3rd after interventions, when the studied index in EG3 was lower than in EG1 and EG2 in 6,2 times and by 33,1 %. On the 7th day catalase activity in EG3 was in 9,4 times and by 44,5 % times lower than in EG1 and in EG2 data concordantly. The combination of limb ischemia-reperfusion with blood loss in EG3 led to exhausting of liver antioxydant enzyme catalase in the most critical posttraumatic period (day 3). The same, but less significant effect was registered in the group of combination of mechanical trauma with ischemia-reperfusion in EG5. This proved the role of the tourniquet as a factor that complicated the course of traumatic disease due to ischemic reperfusion.

Conclusions. In this experiment, founded risk factors of combination of ischemia-reperfusion with heavy blood loss emphasized the importance and particular attention on such widespread method of bleeding tratment, as the imposition of a tourniquet, as in our experiment it triggered risk factors of ischemia-reperfusion. It was shown katalase activity depression respectively to the periods of increasing of lipid peroxydation. There was peculiarity, that on the base of isolated IRS catalase activity was increased in 2,5 times comparely to control group, whereas the hardest depression of it was found on the background of IRS, combined with blood loss – catalase activity was lower, comparely to KG – in 2,5 times. The importance of understanding the suppression of hepatocytes’ antyoxydants is great, as it might help in prevention the development of liver failure or hepatorenal syndrome on the background of limb ischemia-reperfusion.
The method of random balance for studying the influence of excipients quantities on technological parameters of tablets based on Origanum vulgare L. dry extract
Authors: Chernetska Svitlana , Beley Natalia , Demchuk Mariana
Published: April 2021

The aim. The aim of the research was to study the influence of excipients amount on the technological parameters of the compression mixture and tablets based on dry extract of Origanum vulgare L. herb using the method of random balance.

Materials and methods. Objects of the study – Origanum vulgare L. herb dry extract, 8 excipients that have been studied at two quantitative levels. The tablets were prepared by direct compression method. The formulations were designed according to the method of random balance. The technological parameters of the compression mixture and tablets based on Origanum vulgare L. herb dry extract have been studied as a function of quantitative factors: silicon, magnesium carbonate basic, dioxide magnesium aluminometasilicate (Neusilin S1®), isomalt (GalenIQ™720), F-melt® Type C (co-spray dried excipients), sucralose, berry flavor and citric acid.

Results and discussion. The increase in the amount of Neusilin S1®, GalenIQ™720 and F-melt®, and the decrease in the amount of magnesium carbonate basic and silicon dioxide improved the flowability expressed by the Hausner ratio. Results of bulk density and tapped density of the compression mixture depended on the quantities of GalenIQ™720 and F-melt®. All formulations of the prepared tablets had the rapid disintegration and ranging from 6 to 15 minutes. Resistance for crushing and friability tablets’ were improved with a decrease in the amount of silicon dioxide and increase in the amount of Neusilin S1®, F-melt® and sucralose. Higher resistance to moisture of tablets based on Origanum vulgare L. dry extract was obtained by using Neusilin S1®, F-melt® and sucralose on the upper levels.

Conclusions. The tablets based on Origanum vulgare L. herb dry extract were successfully manufactured by direct compression method. The random balance method enabled us to identify the most significant quantitative factors to optimize their composition in the tablets based on the dry extract of Origanum vulgare L. herb.
Research of the activities of the enterprises of the perfume and cosmetic industry of Ukraine
Authors: Kazakova Iryna , Lebedynets Viacheslav , Kovalenko Svitlana , Kazakova Viktoriya
Published: April 2021

The perfumery and cosmetic industry of Ukraine is distinguished by its dynamic development and makes a significant contribution to the country's economy. Several types of economic activities are involved in its functioning, including the development, research, production and sale of perfumery and cosmetic products, as well as the provision of cosmetic services to the population. The economic activity of each sector in the chain of creation, production and sale of cosmetic products / services determines both their individual success and the efficiency of the entire system as a whole. In this regard, the systematization and analysis of the indicators of economic activity of enterprises of each type of activity of the national cosmetic industry is an urgent task, the solution of which will reasonably determine the prospects for both the further development of this industry and the export potential of the Ukrainian economy as a whole.
The aim of this work was to conduct a comprehensive study of the dynamics of the main indicators of Ukrainian enterprises of perfumery, cosmetic and related industries economic activity for the period 2010–2019 and determination of their development trends. The available data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the Patent Office of Ukraine, as well as a database of scientific and professional publications publications were used as materials and methods. Retrospective, logical, research methods, as well as the method of content analysis were used.
The results of a comparative analysis of the main indicators of the economic activity of business entities in the studied industry made it possible to establish trends in the development of this sector of the economy and substantiate the patterns observed at the present stage.
Conclusions. The results of the study indicate that the production potential of the perfumery and cosmetic industry in Ukraine is promising, as well as significant opportunities for further development of the trade in these products and the provision of cosmetic services to the population.
Method of diagnosis and treatment of profusional bleeding from stenosing postbulbar ulcers of the duodenum
Authors: Mamchych Volodymyr , Vereshchagin Sergiy , Maksymchuk Volodymyr , Maksymchuk Dmytro
Published: April 2021

The aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of X-ray interventions in arosive bleeding in patients with complicated duodenal ulcer.
Materials and methods. X-ray endovascular interventions were used in 8 patients who developed arosive bleeding as a complication of duodenal ulcer. All patients with signs of gastrointestinal bleeding were examined according to clinical protocols. Hemodynamically stable patients underwent X-ray endovascular interventions.
Results and discussion. In the near future, bleeding stopped in all 8 (100 %, OR–0.04 [0.005–0.29], p=0.03) patients. On day 2, two patients who underwent embolization of their own hepatic artery had a recurrence of bleeding (0.56 [0.065–4.76], p=0.29). Repeated angiography and embolization attempts were ineffective, and both patients died. In patients who underwent gastroduodenal and pancreatouodenal artery embolization, bleeding did not resume. Thus, we obtained good results as 6 out of 8 patients recovered (75 %), despite the severity of their condition and a disappointing prognosis (OR–9.0 [1.0–46.7], p <0.05).
Conclusions. Adherence to the tactics mentioned above in the treatment of bleeding in duodenal ulcer was highly effective, especially in superselective embolization with the detection of bleeding gel. If the presence of arosive bleeding is confirmed, emergency surgical treatment with suturing of the damaged vessel is shown in hemodynamically unstable patients, and endovascular intervention is possible in hemodynamically stable patients. Further studies are needed to determine the criteria for a high risk of arosive bleeding developing in patients with complicated duodenal ulcer as well as to prevent its occurrence through the use of X-ray endovascular interventions.
Agroecological influence of micronutrient fetilizers and seed inoculation on a soybean crop
Authors: Fedoruk Inna , Bakhmat Oleg , Khmelianchyshyn Yuri , Gorodyska Olesia
Published: April 2021

The practical experience substantiates the need to treat soybean seeds with high-quality inoculants and VuksalKoMo 15 with the trace elements content of cobalt and molybdenum. The processes of inoculation of seeds in the form of rhizobial bacteria significantly improve the soy plants ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen in the early stages of development. We begin to observe the rhizobial formation on the corinium soybean system already at the stage of BBCH 12–13. This in turn will affect the yield and productivity of Rosin soybeans.

One of the important aspects of soybean cultivation is providing not only macroelements, NPK, Ca, S, but also microelements.

Carrying out experiments on the effect of seed inoculation on soybean yield, we combined an inoculant, VuksalKoMo preparation and Sdandak Top insecticidal fungicide preparation with a sowing period of up to 5–7 days in a tank mixture. One of the main requirements is the use of high-quality inoculants with a high content of viable nitrogen-fixing bacteria for processing soybean seeds. This, in turn, will ensure high yields of soybeans with optimal costs and the fastest return on investment, especially in today's conditions.

The research results are aimed at solving urgent problems in the technology of growing leguminous crops, namely: developing a version of the technology for growing soybeans for the selection of varieties, adapted to a given climatic zone, the use of inoculants and micronutrients in the conditions of climate change
İDARENİN SÖZLEŞME AKDETME USULÜ
Authors: DÜĞER Sırrı , AKIN Yeliz Neslihan
Published: April 2021

İdarî sözleşmeler ve idarenin özel hukuk sözleşmeleri olarak tasnif edilen idarenin sözleşmeleri, özel hukuk ilke ve kurallarından esinlenerek ortaya çıkmıştır. Ancak kamu hukuku-özel hukuk ayrımına dayalı olarak özel hukuk kişilerinin akdettiği sözleşme rejiminden farklı bir idarenin sözleşmeleri rejimi bulunmaktadır. Zira idare hukuku ve malî hukuk ilke ve kuralları sebebiyle, idarenin sözleşmelerinin rejimi özerk niteliklidir. Bu özerkliğin hem bir dayanağı hem de bir sonucu ise idarenin sözleşme akdetme usulüdür. İdarenin sözleşme akdetme usulü, idarenin idarî nitelikli ve özel hukuk sözleşmelerinin ortak noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Diğer yandan bu usul, idarenin sözleşmelerinin özel hukuk sözleşmelerinden farklılığının sebebidir. İdarenin tüm sözleşmelerinde kamu hizmeti, kamu yararı ve kamu maliyesi boyutlarında bir kesişim olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu kesişim, idarenin tüm sözleşmelerinde, sözleşme akdedilene kadar olan sürece idarî nitelik kazandırmaktadır. Ayrıca bu kesişimden doğan idarî nitelik de idarenin sözleşmelerindeki tek bir sözleşme akdetme usulünün varlık gerekçesidir. Bu bağlamda açıklık, rekabet, yeterlik ve en uygun bedel gibi kamu ihale ilkeleri, idarenin sözleşme akdetme usulünde asgarî olarak geçerli olan ilke ve esasları oluşturmaktadır.
Biodiesel: An Overview II
Authors: Rezende Michelle , de Lima Ana Lúcia , Silva Bárbara , Mota Claudio , Torres Ednildo , da Rocha Gisele , Cardozo Ingrid , Costa Kênia , Guarieiro Lilian , Pereira Pedro , Martinez Sabrina , de Andrade Jailson
Published: April 2021

The crescent number of scientific articles published per year shows that research on biodiesel continues to play an important role to support the growing demand for this biofuel. The second edition of Biodiesel: An Overview presents the worldwide research in the last 15 years. Microalgae biomass is the most studied raw material alternative in this period and several studies have been carried out to develop basic heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production. Concerning to production technologies, supercritical conditions and intensification process have been extensively investigated. The development of new antioxidants additives has focused mainly on biomass-derived formulations and there are few studies on biocide candidates. In terms of pollutant emissions, in general, the studies showed that the addition of biodiesel generates lower concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), CO and n-alkanes pollutants, but carbonyl compounds, major ions and NOx are emitted in a higher concentration compared to pure diesel.
El papel del odontólogo en la intervención de la apnea obstructiva del sueño
Authors: Bernal Alzate María Alejandra , Abaunza Zafra Liliana , Suárez Fajardo Ingrid Giovana
Published: April 2021

La apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS) es una entidad que afecta la respiración durante el sueño, donde se presentan episodios de cierre parcial o total de la vía aérea superior, limitando o cesando por completo el flujo de aire. Para recobrar el flujo de aire se produce un leve despertar no consciente, activando los músculos implicados en la respiración. Se encuentran patologías asociadas a este fenómeno que atentan contra la calidad vida de los individuos que la padecen; así como manifestaciones en cavidad oral que pueden desencadenar problemas en la salud oral. Se enfatiza sobre la importancia de la interdisciplinariedad en el manejo de la AOS para la aplicación de la reciprocidad dentro de las diferentes especialidades involucradas en el diagnóstico e intervención de esta entidad. El odontólogo desempeña un papel importante en el manejo de este síndrome, ampliando su espectro en la formación académica incluyendo este fenómeno en su plan de estudios. Se pueden integrar herramientas para identificar a los pacientes en riesgo realizando un diagnóstico presuntivo de este fenómeno, además de identificar enfermedad oral asociada a apnea obstructiva del sueño y ser parte activa de la intervención diseñando e implementando aparatología oral eficiente y necesaria; así mismo controlar a los pacientes sobre la adherencia al tratamiento y sobre su salud oral. Por lo tanto se realizó una revisión de la literatura en bases de datos desde los primeros reportes sobre apnea obstructiva del sueño hasta la actualidad.
Consideraciones especiales de bioseguridad en ortodoncia durante pandemia (SARS COV-2)
Authors: Acosta-Olmos David Mauricio , Losada-Szipina Carolina , Jiménez-Vargas Iván Darío , Ramírez-Ossa Diana Milena , Rey-Mora Diego , Silva-Salgar Jaime , Villegas-Bateman Carlos , Villegas-Trujillo Lina María , Aristizábal-Pérez Juan Fernando
Published: April 2021

El control periódico en un tratamiento de Ortodoncia permite establecer una buena secuencia de tratamiento sin riesgos para el paciente. Un tratamiento sin la vigilancia adecuada puede llegar a generar daños irreversibles. Sin embargo, por la pandemia de COVID-19 que enfrenta el mundo actualmente y los riesgos en el área de la salud, se han suspendido temporalmente los servicios no vitales y potencialmente expuestos a contagios como lo son los servicios odontológicos de consulta programada. Teniendo en cuenta esta situación, y que este virus puede llegar a ser endémico en la población humana, se hace necesario establecer protocolos de bioseguridad que permitan reactivar las prácticas odontológicas, y a su vez generar garantías para operadores, personal de apoyo, pacientes y el entorno de los mismos. En este contexto, es de gran importancia desarrollar un protocolo con profesionales expertos en tratamientos ortodóncicos y en el manejo de la pandemia, para delinear procesos de calidad que garanticen un ambiente seguro y minimicen los riesgos de contagio.
Evaluación de la actividad antimicrobiana de los dentífricos basados en propóleos en patógenos orales
Authors: Valois de Sá Tatiana Cerveira , Monteiro-Neto Valerio , Sousa do Carmo Cadidja Dayane , Costa Ribeiro Cecilia Claudia , Coelho Alves Claudia Maria
Published: April 2021

Introducción y objetivo: La incorporación de propóleos en los dentífricos tiene como objetivo ayudar de manera más efectiva al control y la prevención de patologías orales a través de la eliminación de los patógenos presentes en la biopelícula. Sin embargo, se sabe poco sobre la eficacia antimicrobiana de diferentes productos en el mercado de microorganismos para estas patologías. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la acción antimicrobiana de tres dentífricos que contienen propóleos sobre los patógenos orales. Material y métodos: Se utilizó el método de difusión en agar para analizar tres dentífricos basados en propóleos, que incluyen: Noplak Max®, Protta® y Forever Bright®. Se utilizó un dentífrico sin propóleos (Malvatrikids ®) como control negativo. Los controles positivos fueron 0,2% de clorhexidina diluida adicionalmente al 30% para igualar la concentración de clorhexidina de uno de los dentífricos evaluados, y el extracto de propóleos (Apis Flora®) al 11%. Para la determinación de la actividad antimicrobiana se utilizaron las cepas de Fusobacterium nucleatum y Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus y Candida albicans. Resultados: De los dentífricos probados, Protta® y Forever Bright® mostraron acción inhibitoria contra S. mutans, E. faecalis y microorganismos de C. albicans. El dentífrico Noplak® mostró baja actividad antimicrobiana, limitándose a S. mutans y E. faecalis. Cuando hubo un efecto antimicrobiano, los diámetros de los halos de inhibición del crecimiento variaron de 9mm a 28,83mm. Conclusión: El uso de un dentífrico que contiene propóleos para su uso eventual como complemento terapéutico en odontología está justificado, considerando las actividades farmacológicas.
Resistencia friccional entre brackets cerámicos y brackets de autoligado usando un análisis de elementos finitos
Authors: Gómez-Gómez Sandra Liliana , Montoya-Góez Yesid , González-Flórez Diana Marcela , Restrepo-Narváez Leidy Marcela , Ardila Carlos Martín
Published: April 2021

Introducción y objetivo: La fricción en la ortodoncia se produce por con­tacto directo entre el bracket, el alambre y la ligadura. La fricción reduce la eficiencia en los tratamientos de ortodoncia. Esta investigación comparó la resistencia a la fricción entre los brackets cerámicos convencionales y los brackets cerámicos de autoligado pasivos utilizando un método de elementos finitos (MEF). Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un total de 810 deslizamientos, combinando brackets cerámicos convencionales y autoli­gados, y alambres de ortodoncia de acero inoxidable, níquel-titanio y de la aleación β-titanio de 0.016 pulgadas, 0.017x0.025 pulgadas y 0.019 x0.025 pulgadas. La media máxima de resistencia a la fricción estática (MRF) se comparó entre las diferentes combinaciones de brackets, alambre, liga­dura y angulación del bracket de 0 °, 7 ° y 13 °. Resultados: Las variables con el comportamiento de fricción más alto fueron 13 °, aleación β titanio, 0.017x0.025 pulgadas, y brackets cerámicos convencionales con ligaduras elásticas. Conclusión: MEF es una alternativa adecuada para la predicción de la MRF en varias combinaciones de brackets, alambres, ligaduras y an­gulaciones. El método permitió definir una menor resistencia a la fricción para los brackets de autoligado, así como una relación directa entre el aumento del ángulo y el área de contacto entre el bracket y el alambre, con valores más altos de resistencia al deslizamiento. Se estableció que un alambre de mayor calibre no implica un área de mayor contacto con el bracket.
Expresión Inmunohistoquímica: Citoqueratinas CK19, CK14, β-Catenina y Ki67 en el Ameloblastoma y Queratoquiste Odontogénico
Authors: Colmenares González Daniel Ricardo , Peña Vega Claudia Patricia , Fajardo Ortiz Lizeth Vanessa
Published: April 2021

Introducción y objetivo: Los tumores y quistes odontogénicos son lesio­nes que se presentan en los maxilares al derivarse del tejido odontogénico embrionario. El ameloblastoma es un tumor benigno de origen epitelial, in­traóseo y extraóseo caracterizado por su expansión e invasión local. Por otro lado, el queratoquiste odontogénico es una lesión quística, intraósea, con un comportamiento agresivo localmente destructivo y altamente recurrente. Se estudio la expresión de las proteínas CK19, CK14, β-Catenina, Ki-67 en las biopsias procesadas de amaloblastomas y queratoquistes odontogénicos durante el 2015-2018 del Servicio de Patología Oral y Maxilofacial de la fa­cultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de serie de casos donde se tomaron bloques de parafina con diagnóstico histopatológico ya confirmado ameloblastoma (9 bloques): CK19 / 14, Ki67, β-Catenina y queratoquiste odontogénico (16 bloques): CK19 / 14, Ki67. Resultados: El promedio de Ki67 en el ameloblastoma y el queratoquiste odontogénico fue del 32% y 22%, respectivamente. Para el ameloblastoma y el queratoquiste odontogénico la CK19 / 14 fueron po­sitivo para todos los casos. Finalmente, la β-Catenina marcó intensamente positiva en todos los casos de ameloblastoma. Conclusiones: Estas lesiones pueden diagnosticarse usando hematoxilina eosina, apoyándose en marca­dores inmunohistoquímicos para corroborar el diagnóstico o cuando desee determinar metástasis en lesiones malignas. La CK14 / 19 son marcadores odontogénicos que determinan el origen de la lesión, la β-Catenina deter­mina el comportamiento agresivo de la patología y el Ki67 determina el comportamiento, pronóstico y el tratamiento de la patología presente.
Impacto de una estrategia educativa en salud bucal en un hogar infantil de la ciudad de Medellín –Colombia
Authors: Diaz Garavito Maria Victoria , Echeverri-Arango Beatriz , Franco Aguirre John Querubìn , Vélez Santiago
Published: April 2021

Introducción y objetivo: la salud bucal de la primera infancia es impor­tante para el buen desarrollo de los niños, siendo prioridad en las políticas de salud pública. evaluar el impacto de una intervención educativa en el estado de salud bucal de niños y niñas, pertenecientes a una institución educativa de la ciudad de Medellín. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio de intervención entre los años 2015 y 2017, a partir de tres fases: a) tamización bucal a los menores y encuestas sobre su cuidado bucal a padres de familia o representantes, b) realización de actividades edu­cativas y aplicación de barniz de flúor, c) evaluación de la estrategia. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de la información recolectada y un análisis bivariado para la comparación de los hallazgos dentro del periodo de es­tudio. Resultados: se examinaron 479 escolares entre el 2015 y el 2017, se encontraron diferencias significativas en el índice COP modificado y el porcentaje de placa entre los periodos comparados, con disminución de lesiones cariadas con cavitación, mancha blanca e índice de placa después de la implementación de la estrategia. Conclusión: El fomento de prácticas respecto al cuidado bucal mejoró la calidad del cepillado dental y dismi­nuyó la frecuencia de caries dental en la población de estudio. Se sugiere seguir con los programas de enseñanza y motivación para mejorar y man­tener el buen estado de salud bucal en la primera infancia.
Multiple water source use in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review
Authors: Daly Sean W. , Lowe Jeremy , Hornsby Gracie M. , Harris Angela R.
Published: April 2021

The Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) 2017 Update and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Baselines report classified 71% of the global population as having access to ‘safely managed’ drinking water. Current global monitoring efforts to track access to safely managed drinking water rely on collecting information on the ‘primary’ source of drinking water. However, there is evidence that households often rely on multiple sources to meet their water needs in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This systematic review was designed to compile the literature related to the practice of multiple water source use (MWSU) for drinking water in LMICs. A total of 5,318 studies were collected, and after abstract and full-text review, 74 articles were identified for inclusion. Studies reviewed reported from 4 to 100% of the study populations practicing MWSU. Additionally, the practice of supplemental unimproved source use was reported globally, representing households with improved primary source water also accessing unimproved water sources throughout the year. These findings expose gaps in current global water monitoring efforts, revealing potential inflation of reports of ‘safe drinking water access’ and unaccounted exposure to drinking water from unimproved sources.
Examining the potential of an irrigation work to improve sustainability in a rural area
Authors: Ragkos Athanasios , Ambas Vasileios
Published: April 2021

Irrigation works aim to increase the efficiency of water use and economic benefits for farmers. This study adopts a broader view and investigates their potential to contribute to the achievement of other sustainability objectives. In particular, the paper employs a multi-objective programming (MOP) model, which examines the possibilities of simultaneously achieving four conflicting objectives with the upgrade of an irrigation network in a rural area in Greece. The four objectives are maximization of economic result (economic sustainability) and of employment (social sustainability) as well as the minimization of agrochemical use and irrigation water consumption (environmental sustainability). The compromise is sought through different cropping patterns either by restructuring existing crops (Scenario 1) or by also introducing new crops (Scenario 2). The results show that solutions in Scenario 2 perform much better in all dimensions of sustainability; however, large increases in economic performance and employment come with lower environmental gains. A cost-benefit analysis shows that very few solutions yield positive Net Present Value and the investment could be halted if benefits relating to social and environmental sustainability are disregarded. Results are discussed in conjunction with the proposal of a new governance scheme, which could assume broader roles in supporting sustainable development.
Development of Non-opioid Analgesics Targeting Two-pore Domain Potassium
Channels
Authors: Huang Lu , Xu Guangyin , Jiang Ruotian , Luo Yuncheng , Zuo Yunxia , Liu Jin
Published: April 2021

:

Two-pore domain potassium (K2P) channels are a diverse family of potassium channels. K2P channels generate background leak potassium currents to regulate cellular excitability and are thereby involved in a wide range of neurological disorders. K2P channels are modulated by a variety of physicochemical factors such as mechanical stretch, temperature, and pH. In the the peripheral nervous system (PNS), K2P channels are widely expressed in nociceptive neurons and play a critical roles in pain perception. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the pharmacological properties of K2P channels, with a focus on the exogenous small-molecule activators targeting K2P channels. We emphasize the subtype-selectivity, cellular and in vivo pharmacological properties of all the reported small-molecule activators. The key underlying analgesic mechanisms mediated by K2P are also summarized based on the data in the literature from studies using small-molecule activators and genetic knock-out animals. We discuss advantages and limitations of the translational perspectives of K2P in pain medicine and provide outstanding questions for future studies in the end.
A Detection Mechanism for PMU Data Manipulation Attacks by Using Sliced Recurrent Convolutional Attention Module
Authors: Li Yuancheng , Hou Haiyan
Published: April 2021

Background:

Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) Data Manipulation Attacks (PDMA)
can change the state estimates of power systems and cause significant damage to the smart grid. So
it is vital to research a method to detect it.

Objective:

In this paper, we propose a detection mechanism and model for PDMA.

Methods:

Firstly, the distribution's characteristics of Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC) and PMU are
analyzed, and we use these characteristics to detect a PDMA detection mechanism that could help
us reduce the number of detection samples. Secondly, we use the Sliced Recurrent Neural Network
(SRNN) to extract the time series data's temporal characteristics of PMU data. Thirdly, based on
the temporal characteristics, the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Attention mechanisms
are used to extract the spatial features of these data. Finally, we sent the spatial features to the Fully
Layer and used the softmax function to classify.

Results:

The proposed SRCAM in this paper has two advantages. One is that it implements the
parallel computation on data by using the segmentation concept of SRNN, which reduces the computation
time. The other is that using the Attention mechanism on CNN can make the spatial features
more prominent. At the end of the paper, we do many comparative experiments between
SRCAM and other models, such as some algorithms of Machine learning and soft computing. We
take IEEE node data as experimental data and TensorFlow as an experimental platform. Experimental
results show that the SRCAM model has an excellent performance of the detection of
PDMA with high precision and accuracy.

Conclusion:

The superiority of SRCAM is theoretically and experimentally proved in this paper.
As we expected, SRCAM showed great results in the application of PDMA detection.
Comparison of Changes in Cognitive Functions of Post-stroke Patients with the Computer-based Cognitive Intervention (PABLO System) and Conventional Cognitive Intervention (Paper-pencil Method)
Authors: Kulshrestha Sudhi , Agrawal Manju , Singh Ajai K. , Ved Akash
Published: April 2021

Background:

Cognitive functions are mental series of activities that allow us to
carry out any activity. The most important cognitive functions are orientation, attention,
memory, executive functions, language, and visuospatial skills. Cognitive impairment is a
prevalent consequence of stroke. The prognosis of stroke recovery can be estimated
through the severity of cognitive impairment. The objective of this research work was to
compare the changes in cognitive functions of post-stroke patients with the computerbased
cognitive intervention (CBCI) using the PABLO system and conventional cognitive
intervention (CCI) using the paper-pencil method.

Methods:

A total of 80 stroke patients with cognitive impairment were selected and divided
into two groups. Group A received intervention through PABLO System (CBCI),
and Group B received the cognitive intervention through the Paper Pencil method (CCI).
Pre and post-assessment of cognitive functions like verbal fluency, language, orientation
and attention, memory, visuospatial, and mini-mental state examination for both groups
were done by Addenbrooke Cognitive Examination-revised (ACE-R) scale.

Result:

After the intervention of 4 weeks, patients of both groups showed improvement
in cognitive functions. However, group A scored higher in comparison to group B.

Conclusion:

Data suggest that both the interventions will bring changes in cognitive functions
of post-stroke patients, but CBCI may be much more effective in improving the cognitive
functions of stroke patients.
Entre playas y distopías: Río de Janeiro, ex ciudad capital, y la recepción cinematográfica
Authors: Altmann Eliska
Published: April 2021

Based on the reception of four Brazilian films, the article tries to identify imaginations about the city of Rio de Janeiro through a dystopian lens typical of our day. The comparative analysis involves “critical-cinematographic” practices that conceive a sociocritical reading assuming that social elements are found in the works themselves, and are also external to them. The criticism of the following films will be verified: Rio fantasia [Rio Fantasy] (1957), by Watson Macedo, and Rio, 40 graus [Rio, 40 degrees] (1955), by Nelson Pereira dos Santos; Rio, verão & amor [Rio, summer & love] (1966) and El Justicero [The Punisher] (1967), of the same directors, consecutively. The documents will highlight dystopian aspects both in the works and in their readings, as well as in the social configurations of the time in a temporal relationship with Brazil today
Directions for the development of the existing concept of assessing the relevance of information leakage through technical channels in the current trends of improving technical intelligence
Authors: Skryl S. V. , Sychev M. P. , Mazin A. V. , Meshcheryakova T. V. , Gulyaev O. A. , Tegentsev I. M.
Published: April 2021

Problem statement. The rationale for confidentiality requirements in the process of manufacturing and production testing of aviation equipment samples. There is a need to assess the effectiveness of measures to prevent information leakage through the channels of incidental electromagnetic radiation and interference and vibroacoustic channels. This situation is characteristic both for the technological equipment of the aviation industry enterprises and the equipment of the produced aircraft models.Objective. The rationale for developing the existing concept of assessing the relevance of the threats of information leakage through technical channels in the current trends of improving technical reconnaissance.Results. The article presents the analysis results of the existing regulatory and existing base of FSTEC Russia for sufficient assessment of measures to prevent information leakage through the channels of incidental electromagnetic radiation and interference and vibroacoustic channels at the enterprises of the aircraft industry in the implementation of production technologies and testing of manufactured products.Practical implications. The substantiated directions of improving the methodological basis for determining the current threats can be used in the development of methods and models for assessment of measures to prevent information leakage through the channels of electromagnetic emissions and interference and vibroacoustic channels at aircraft industry enterprises in the implementation of production technologies and testing of manufactured products.
Przekształcenia centrów małych i średnich miast – dawne a nowe znaczenie historycznych przestrzeni miejskich w wybranych ośrodkach Mazowsza
Authors: Sobierajska Izabela , Sikorska Małgorzata Ewa
Published: April 2021

Celem niniejszego opracowania jest przedstawienie współczesnych problemów zagospodarowania i funkcjonowania historycznych, pierwotnych centrów miejskich w małych i średnich miastach na Mazowszu. Analizowane miasta podzielono na historyczne, o rodowodzie lokacyjnym i przedlokacyjnym oraz na miasta nowe, XIX i XX-wieczne. Centra miast historycznych mają w większości z nich swoją ugruntowaną pozycję i zachowują w większym lub mniejszym stopniu swoją tożsamość. W części tych miast centra utraciły po części swoje znaczenie, głównie z powodu zaniku bądź relokacji funkcji handlowych, bądź z powodu prowadzenia ruchu tranzytowego przez dawną strefę centralną. Czasem przyczyną dodatkową jest degradacja zabudowy, jak i zagospodarowania głównych przestrzeni publicznych. Artykuł zawiera ogólne sugestie proponowanych działań wzmacniających przede wszystkim znaczenie ogólnomiejskie centrum miejskiego, zwłaszcza w miastach starych. Dla miast nowych zawarto wskazówki możliwych działań wzmacniających proces kształtowania się centrum.
Europejska klasyfikacja NUTS i jej znaczenie dla województwa mazowieckiego
Authors: Wojnarowski Konrad
Published: April 2021

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie europejskiej klasyfikacji NUTS oraz jej znaczenia dla województwa mazowieckiego. Wobec nowego podziału statystycznego Mazowsze stoi przed wyzwaniem zwiększenia trwałości polityki rozwoju przy założeniu „spójności terytorialnej, rozumianej jako zmniejszenie dysproporcji rozwoju w województwie mazowieckim oraz wzrost znaczenia Obszaru Metropolitalnego Warszawy w Europie” [Strategia… 2013, s. 6].
Rodzinne ogrody działkowe w Warszawie Tradycja i współczesność
Authors: Pawlikowska-Piechotka Anna
Published: April 2021

Ogrody działkowe pojawiły się w Europie blisko dwieście lat temu, w Polsce są obecne od ponad stu lat. Na terenie kraju jest obecnie około 5 tysięcy rodzinnych ogrodów działkowych, w których wytyczono prawie milion indywidualnych działek. Zatem szacuje się, że z dobrodziejstw wypoczynku na tych zielonych terenach o wysokiej jakości środowiska korzystają miliony Polaków, rodziny działkowiczów, ich znajomi oraz mieszkańcy okolicznych zespołów mieszkaniowych. Otwarta formuła ROD-ów, wyznaczona przestrzeń wspólna urządzona pod kątem aktywnego i spokojnego wypoczynku – pozwala na korzystanie z nich przez społeczność lokalną jak z innych publicznych terenów zielonych, jak z miejskich parków. Organizowanie na terenach rodzinnych ogrodów działkowych wczasów dla seniorów i półkolonii dla dzieci, imprez kulturalnych i zawodów sportowych pomaga wzmacniać integrację różnych grup społecznych i wielopokoleniowych rodzin. Niestety od początków XXI w. ogrody działkowe znikają z krajobrazu polskich i europejskich miast. Przykładowo w Warszawie, ze względu na zmianę sytuacji prawnej (procesy reprywatyzacji), atrakcyjną lokalizację, dobrą infrastrukturę techniczną i transport publiczny część ROD-ów jest zagrożonych likwidacją. Chociaż mają silne potencjały przyrodnicze i są ważnym segmentem systemu zieleni miejskiej, trudno je bronić, ponieważ są jednocześnie cennymi miejscami dla nowej zabudowy, poszukiwanymi przez inwestorów. Niemniej, biorąc pod uwagę zarówno zapotrzebowanie społeczne, jak i znaczącą rolę, jaką mają ogrody działkowe dla poprawy mikroklimatu miasta, w strategiach zrównoważonego rozwoju przestrzennego należy bezwzględnie uwzględniać trwałą obecność rodzinnych ogrodów działkowych w tkance miejskiej.
W kontekście 100-lecia niepodległości. Mazowsze i jego gospodarka: od Drugiej do Trzeciej Rzeczypospolitej. Część druga: Okres 1945–2018: Polska Ludowa i Trzecia Rzeczpospolita
Authors: Leszczyńska Cecylia
Published: April 2021

Niniejszy artykuł stanowi drugą część opracowania dotyczącego gospodarki Mazowsza na przestrzeni minionego stulecia. Przedstawia procesy i zjawiska, które ukształtowały strukturę gospodarki regionu w drugiej połowie XX w., a więc w okresie Polski Ludowej (lata 1945–1989) oraz Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej (1990–2018). W dwudziestym wieku Mazowsze zwykło się utożsamiać z województwem warszawskim. Jest to oczywiście uproszczenie (o historycznym Mazowszu pisałam w części pierwszej opublikowanej w 2019 r.), niemniej z uwagi na charakter informacji jakościowych i ilościowych, które były zestawiane i agregowane na poziomie województw, podejście to narzuca się samo przez się. Powojenne województwo warszawskie stanowiło „trzon” Mazowsza, sytuacja w tym zakresie uległa zasadniczej zmianie po reformie 1975 r. likwidującej duże województwa oraz jednostki poziomu powiatowego. W jej wyniku województwo warszawskie zlikwidowano, jego obszary znalazły się w dziewięciu małych jednostkach poziomu wojewódzkiego. Jedną z nich było województwo stołeczne warszawskie. Duże województwa przywróciła dopiero reforma z 1998 r. Jednym z nich jest wojewódzkie mazowieckie.