bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Berceuses et chansonnettes: considérations théoriques pour une intervention musicothérapeutique précoce de l'attachement par le chant parental auprès de nourrissons au développement à risques
Authors: Bargiel Marianne
Published: November 2014

Suivant un examen de la littérature portant sur les prédispositions musicales du nourrisson et sur le développement de l'attachement, cet article articule un rationnel théorique sur lequel est proposé un modèle d'intervention précoce par le chant parental. L'auteure considère d'abord les liens entre la régulation de l'affect et l'attachement, en examinant au passage les pathologies de l'attachement et ce qu'elles révèlent sur l'attachement sain. Puis les fonctions du langage parental (Infant-directed speech) et par extension du chant parental, sont étudiées en termes de leur impact développemental sur la régulation de l'affect du bébé. Le programme musicothérapeutique proposé se présente comme l'articulation clinique d'un comportement habituellement naturel au sein de la dyade parent-enfant. Compte tenu de l'importance d'agir tôt pour prévenir la cristallisation d'un dysfonctionnement ou sa contamination sur l'ensemble du développement du jeune enfant, ce modèle d'intervention vise à recréer, de préférence avec la participation du parent, des conditions relationnelles favorables à la reprise ou à la poursuite de la séquence développementale chez le nourrisson dont l'attachement pourrait être en péril pour des raisons endogènes ou environnementales.
A Music Therapy Story From Eersterust, South Africa
Authors: Lotter Carol
Published: November 2014

As music therapist I work at YDO one afternoon per week with an open group, with adolescents involved in assault cases. This story grew out of a process of the group constructing a story through listening to a series of CDs - music that I had chosen. I had a flip chart on which I transcribed the story as they presented different aspects of it. Before playing the CDs I asked the group what our story should be based on, and they decided that the story would be about Eersterust, their home-town.
What Is the Experience of a Community Musician Who Is Also a Music Therapist?
Authors: O'Grady Lucy
Published: November 2014

he notion of "community music therapy" has received much attention in recent years, provoking a variety of thought processes as to its definition and all that it encompasses. Amidst the "polyphony of voices" (Stige, 2003), the relationship between music and music therapy in community settings has been a point of discussion . I have decided to explore this issue through semi-structured in-depth interviews with both musicians and music therapists working in community settings within Australia. As this is a qualitative study, it is important for me to examine my own biases and to set them aside. One way to do this was to have my supervisor, Dr Katrina McFerran, interview me about my own work as a community musician with women in prison, questioning me about aims, methods, outcomes, roles and relationships with participants. In addition to helping me "bracket" my biases, it was a great way for me to put myself in the shoes of prospective research participants and re-learn that it can be hard to articulate oneself when under pressure, that a certain head-space is preferable in interviews, and that having someone to listen to my reflections can actually help me move forward in my own search for meaning. Transcribing the interview was also an interesting experience, as I was able to rethink my thinking. Now, the transcript is an interesting relic of what I once thought I thought! And yet it still highlights some interesting aspects of the research topic.
Music Therapy in Africa: Seeds and Songs
Authors: Dos Santos Andeline
Published: November 2014

The seed of Music Therapy has been planted in African soil. Some water the seed, some are not convinced that it is necessary to have such a seed in this particular garden and others are unaware that the seed has been planted at all. My vision is that music therapy grows, flourishes and produces much fruit in Africa. My vision for Voices is that it plays a key role in that growth.
Why Provide Music Therapy in the Community for Adults With Mental Health Problems?
Authors: Odell-Miller Helen
Published: November 2014

This paper describes music therapy within a community mental health setting for adults using a care programme approach in England. It describes the setting, and emphasises the importance of multidisciplinary teamwork in order to enable music therapy to be effective. It provides some statistics and descriptive clinical information which demonstrate the efficacy of music therapy for adults with long-term mental health problems, and argues that music therapy should be a priority for this client group. To support these points of view, the article includes a case study showing a psychoanalytically informed approach in music therapy. This paper was given as a keynote address at the 1994 Australian Conference of Music Therapy.
Can Traditional Healing Systems Integrate With Music Therapy - Sumathy Sundar interviews T. V. Sairam
Authors: Sundar Sumathy
Published: November 2014

In recent trends of attributing any kind of illness to a Bio- Psycho- Social model, the psyche and physiology are interrelated in the context of psycho- social pressures resulting in patho-physiological outcomes. Within this context, an integrated treatment approach has been welcomed by health professionals in a variety of clinical settings. This has led to the introduction of Complementary Therapies which take care of the often unmet psychological and social needs of the patients. In a country like India, known for its rich cultural heritage and traditions, many traditional healing systems like Yoga and Ayurveda have been welcomed globally and have been given scientific endorsements for their therapeutic values. One such approach called nada yoga refers to the study of the powerful influence that nada exerts on one's mind or consciousness. Dr. T V Sairam has been extensively working on nada yoga for quite some time. This interview is an attempt to answer the question if traditional healing systems like nada yoga can integrate with Music Therapy. We hope that this will be of interest to many present-day music therapists. Note that all Sanskrist terms (in italics) used in the interview are described in more detail in the Glossary at the end of the interview.
Lose Yourself in the Music, The Moment, Yo! Music Therapy with an Adolescent Group Involved in Gangsterism
Authors: Fouché Sunelle , Torrance Kerryn
Published: November 2014

Since forming the Music Therapy Community Clinic and beginning our work in Cape Town's townships, we have been overwhelmed by the needs of the communities, the open arms with which they welcome and invite us in, and the many challenges we meet on a daily basis. At times, we become disheartened, struggling to make sense of our work, and at others, the music just works: it sings, dances, permeates, draws in, explores and explains.
As we are writing this article, in June 2005, we are in the process of reflecting back on a busy school term at our Heideveld Project. A new project focuses on a group of adolescents, facing the danger of becoming immersed in the gang culture of this community. This is the subject of this essay.
A World of Full of Voices
Authors: Kenny Carolyn
Published: November 2014

For several hundred years now, the primary research method in anthropology has been ethnography. One does not see many experimental studies that use randomized clinical trials in the study of culture. And there is a very practical reason for this. Culture is far too complex to control variables. Culture cannot be studied in a lab. Culture is its own unique kind of container with implied signals that are difficult to observe. Culture is lived within a context, but not in a laboratory. So we have thick descriptions to help us find knowledge and truth about the lives lived within these contexts. We have stories.
A Decade of Music Therapy in Korea
Authors: Hwang Eun Young , Park Se Yeon
Published: November 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the trends of research in music therapy through the analysis of studies from 1997 to 2005, and to make some directions for the future development of music therapy research in Korea. In this study, a total of 488 theses including master's and doctoral degrees, were analyzed by researchers' degree, publication resources, client population, research methods, and research objectives. The results of this study were listed as follows. First, the target theses were categorized as follows; 5 doctoral and 483 master's theses. In other respect, 276 were theses from music therapy programs and 212 were those from other programs. Second, regarding client population, 228 theses were about client with disabilities, 190 with non-disabilities, 29 with medical patients, and 41 others. Third, research methods of each thesis were categorized as 411 quantitative studies, 64 literature studies, 2 qualitative studies, and 11 quantitative-qualitative mixed studies. Fourth, in the target number of research, the field of emotion was the highest with 35%.
Action Inquiry Into the Use of Standardized Evaluation Tools for Music Therapy
Authors: Williams Kate
Published: November 2014

Sing & Grow is an early intervention music therapy project that provides community group music therapy programs to families with young children who encounter risk factors that may impact on parenting and optimal child development. A variety of evaluation tools were devised and used over the first 3 years of the project. Upon the subsequent funding and expansion of the project at the end of this period, it was necessary to find, test and devise more rigorous, valid and reliable measures to withstand the scrutiny of researchers, and to combat the concerns and criticisms associated with the previous methods of data collection. An action inquiry project was therefore undertaken with two groups of project participants to trial the use of the Parenting Stress Index and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales, both recommended by leading psychologists. Key findings that will be discussed include the friction between the deficit-focussed nature of many psychometric tools and the strengths-based approach taken in service delivery, the level of difficulty in terms of literacy and comprehension for vulnerable respondents, and the lack of one tool with the ability to comprehensively measure all aspects of a broad scoping program.
A Study of Japanese Concepts of Community
Authors: Inoue Setsu
Published: November 2014

How can Community Music Therapy be practiced in Japan? This paper aims to describe two Japanese concepts of community – "shakai" and "seken" – and to explore the relation between these two concepts and the practice of Community Music Therapy in Japan. 'Shakai' is an official equivalent for society while 'seken' is a traditional view of the world as human relationships. It is probable that these two concepts represent the basic ideas of community in Japan. So far, there has been no thorough attempt to clarify the relevance of these concepts for music therapy practice and theory, in spite of the fact that music therapy has grown and developed in Japan over a number of years. In this paper, I will illuminate the Japanese situation and problem of community, present the possibility of Community Music Therapy in Japan, and discuss implications for Community Music Therapy.
Child-Parent Wellbeing in a Paediatric Ward: The Role of Music Therapy in Supporting Children and Their Parents Facing the Challenge of Hospitalisation
Authors: Ayson Carolyn
Published: November 2014

This report, based on clinical practice on a children’s ward in New Zealand, examines the role of short-term music therapy in supporting children and their parents[1] facing the difficulties of hospitalisation. It endeavours to explore three questions. How might music therapy support hospitalised children? How can it support parents of hospitalised children? Is it important/valuable for music therapists working in a paediatric ward to involve parent(s) in music therapy sessions? Three hospitalised children (aged 11 months, 5 and 7 years), who were accompanied by a parent, participated in a single individual music therapy session. From the clinical notes, semi-structured interviews with the children’s parents and a staff member, and my own reflective journal it was indicated that music therapy supported the psychosocial needs of the paediatric patients and their parents in many ways. For the children music therapy: 1) promoted normalisation; and 2) provided emotional/psychological support. For parents, it: 1) elicited positive changes in mood; 2) reduced anxiety; and 3) supported parental learning/parenting. Furthermore, the findings suggested that the wellbeing of the parent-child relationship can be supported during music therapy. The importance of parental involvement varied for each case, and highlighted different views between therapist, staff member and parents regarding this. Factors that may determine parental involvement and the benefits of both parental presence and absence during sessions were elicited. The report suggests that music therapy has the potential positively to support paediatric wards in New Zealand to provide an environment that is responsive to the psychosocial needs of hospitalised children and their parents.
She Looks so Beautiful
Authors: De Kock Karen
Published: November 2014

This article offers a story that illustrates how the medium of music is able to provide comfort, even in extreme cases of hopelessness, when all other efforts seem futile. I will relate how the creative act of music-making within an institutional setting, was able to provide comfort to a self-injurious female psychiatric client, who had been institutionalised all her life, to restore a sense of beauty and dignity which had been lost. The music that was created in the moment was also able to carry and support all the individuals who were creating it - even in the most desperate moments where those that were supposed to be "in command" were experiencing a sense of uncertainty. The story further demonstrates how a client, a care-worker and a therapist, three individuals from very diverse backgrounds and life circumstances, were able to transcend their different histories to come together and connect on a level which they have not been able to do outside the music therapy room.
Dying Well: The Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music at End of Life
Authors: Cadrin M. Louise
Published: November 2014

This case study demonstrates the role of The Bonny Method in addressing psychosocial, spiritual, and existential issues particular to end of life, and in the subsequent peaceful death experience of a 47 year old palliative cancer patient. In reviewing her final 8 months of life, the case study demonstrates the patient’s willingness to explore her emotions of shame related to having cancer, fears of the cancer metastasizing, and the grief and sadness common to anticipatory grief and to a traumatic incident that she experienced as a youth. It demonstrates how she was able to reconcile relationships with family members prior to death, as well as acknowledge her part in this conflict. It shows how she drew insight from the sessions to direct her own course of treatment, resulting in an increased sense of control. Lastly, this case study demonstrates both archetypal imagery and imagery that reflects the dying process, augmented by poetry written by the patient as a further means of expressing and understanding her experience.
Something in the Air: Journeys of Self-Actualization in Musical Improvisation
Authors: Ahonen Heidi , Houde Marc
Published: November 2014

The aim of this qualitative, abductive, and phenomenological inquiry was to develop categories based on participants' perceptions of their improvisation and listening experiences. As using improvised music in clinical music therapy is an important method, this study expanded the knowledge of and language needed to describe this very sensitive and insightful communication process. If there is something in the air—what is it and is it something significant? Research questions included: 1. What kind of process is experienced when one improvises with an unknown person in an unfamiliar musical style? 2. What is in the air during live interactive improvisation? 3. What are the links between processes of self-actualization and peak experiences introduced by Abraham Maslow (1968) and the experiences described by the participants regarding their live improvised/interactive musical processes? The data of this study consisted of two audio-taped improvisations, three interviews, and the written reflections of six participants who participated in interactive live improvisation sessions. Ferrara's method was adapted for the data collection and analysis. Research results are presented in the form of descriptive categories which give a clearer picture of what happens during the process of musical improvisation.
Music and Healing During Post-Election Violence in Kenya
Authors: Akombo David Otieno
Published: November 2014

The significance of music as a healing agent permeates across the cultural spectrum. Hitherto, we find people of many cultures incorporating music to transform those unhealthy individuals into healthy ones. This paper extrapolates from the events that led to Kenya's post-election violence of 2007 and enumerates how a Kenyan community musician embraced the therapeutic qualities inherent in the cultural music of the Kenyan people to help the violence victims who developed post-traumatic stress disorder following the disputed elections. The story adds nuance to our understanding of how community musicians are still an invaluable therapeutic resource albeit their lack of professional training.
Hello Music Lady: Have You Brought A New Instrument Today? A Music Therapy Group for Children of Families in the UK Armed Forces.
Authors: White Becky
Published: November 2014

The paper describes a music therapy group that took place in a UK primary school on an armed forces base.  The school described is the only state school in the UK for families in the armed forces.  The families staying on the base are in transition for reasons such as, family break-up, domestic problems, leaving the forces, emergency evacuation from overseas, and transition between postings.  This paper traces how the group evolved over eleven months.  It focuses on the practical considerations required when setting up a music therapy group.  It describes the thought processes I went through in doing this work, and looks at how the work was integrated into the school.  It considers the setting up of the group, providing a framework, working with staff, structuring the sessions, and how the group ended.
Nível de capacitação e informação dos operadores de máquinas para a aplicação de agrotóxicos
Authors: Casali André Luis , Schlosser José Fernando , Gandolfo Marco Antônio , Uhry Daniel , Rodrigues Fabrício Azevedo
Published: November 2014

O Brasil é o maior consumidor mundial de agrotóxicos. Os prejuízos causados pelo uso inadequado dos agrotóxicos ultrapassam o campo econômico, ganhando dimensão social e exigindo elevadas verbas públicas e privadas para atendimento médico hospitalar das pessoas que entram em contato, direto ou indireto, com esses produtos. O nível de conhecimento do operador das máquinas destinadas a esse fim é fundamental para diminuir esses riscos, garantindo qualidade da pulverização. Esse trabalho objetivou verificar o nível de instrução dos operadores com relação ao manejo dos agrotóxicos e máquinas destinadas a pulverização desses insumos, na região central do Rio Grande do Sul. Observou-se que os operadores que realizaram cursos com duração maior que 20 horas, apresentaram um nível de instrução 50% maior, se comparado aos operadores que receberam cursos com menos de 20 horas de duração. Já os operadores que realizaram cursos com duração menor que 20 horas apresentaram uma diferença de apenas quatro pontos percentuais, em relação aos operadores que não realizaram nenhum tipo de treinamento. O nível de instrução dos operadores de máquinas destinadas à pulverização de agrotóxicos na Região Central do Rio Grande do Sul pode ser considerado insuficiente para o manejo correto dos processos de pulverização
Health sector reform and social determinants of health: building up theoretical and methodological interconnections to approach complex global challenges
Authors: Junior Garibaldi Dantas Gurgel
Published: November 2014

Health Sector Reform and Social Determinants of Health are central issues for the current international policy debate, considering the turbulent scenario and the threat of economic recession in a global scale. Although these themes have been discussed for a long time, three major issues still calls the attention of the scientific community and health policymakers. The first one is the matter of how to approach scientifically the intricate connections between them in order to understand the consequences of policies for healthcare services, once this debate will become much more tensioned in the coming years. The second one is the lack of explanatory frameworks to investigate the policies of reform strategies, simultaneously observed in a variety of countries within distinct health services, which aim to achieve multiple and contradictory goals vis-à-vis the so-called social determinants of health. The third one is the challenge that governments face in developing and sustaining equitable health services, bearing in mind the intense political dispute behind the health sector reform processes. This article discusses an all-embracing theoretical and methodological scheme to address these questions. The aim is to connect macro- and middle-range theories to examine Social Determinants and Health Sector Reform interdependent issues, with view to developing new knowledge and attaining scientific understanding upon the role of universal and equitable healthcare systems, in order to avoid deepening economic crises.
The Porto Alegre paradox: social determinants and tuberculosis incidence
Authors: Acosta Lisiane Morelia Weide , Bassanesi Sérgio Luiz
Published: November 2014

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) is strongly associated with social and economic factors. The city of Porto Alegre, in the South of Brazil, has one of the highest Human Development Index and Gross Domestic Product per capita of the country. One would expect that the incidence of tuberculosis in such a place were low. However, the city has very high rates of incidence, the highest among Brazilian capitals. This paradox prompted this work, whose objectives were to analyze the spatial distribution of the incidence rate of bacilliferous pulmonary tuberculosis throughout the neighborhoods of Porto Alegre and its association with socioeconomic indicators. METHODS: Ecological non-concurrent cohort study. The units of analysis were the neighborhoods of the city. The average annual incidence of bacilliferous pulmonary tuberculosis for the period 2000 to 2005 and seven socioeconomic variables were analyzed, with information obtained from the IBGE and the Mortality Information System. Spatial techniques and multivariate analyzes were used to check associations. Inequalities were also measured. RESULTS: The spatial distribution of the incidence rate of bacilliferous pulmonary tuberculosis is very similar, i.e., associated with the distribution of socioeconomic factors. The Relative Index of Inequality was 7.9, showing the great difference in the incidence rate between neighborhoods. CONCLUSION: Porto Alegre presents high incidence rates of bacilliferous pulmonary tuberculosis, which distribution through the neighborhoods of the city is associated with socioeconomic factors. The city's high rate is due to the extremely high incidence rates in its poorest neighborhoods. The authors raise hypotheses and suggest interventions.
Social determinants and their interference in homicide rates in a city in northeastern Brazil
Authors: Sousa Geziel dos Santos de , Magalhães Francismeire Brasileiro , Gama Isabelle da Silva , Lima Maria Vilma Neves de , Almeida Rosa Lívia Freitas de , Vieira Luiza Jane Eyre de Souza , Bezerra Filho José Gomes
Published: November 2014

OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to analyze the possible relationship between social determinants and homicide mortality in Fortaleza (CE), Brazil. METHOD: To investigate whether the rate of mortality by homicides is related to social determinants, an ecological study with emphasis on spatial analysis was conducted in the city of Fortaleza. Social, economic, demographic and sanitation data, as well as information regarding years of potential life lost, and Human Development Index were collected. The dependent variable was the rate of homicides in the period 2004 to 2006. In order to verify the relationship between the outcome variable and the predictor variables, we performed a multivariate linear regression model. RESULTS: We found associations between social determinants and the rate of mortality by homicides. Variables related to income and education were proven determinants for mortality. The multiple regression model showed that 51% of homicides in Fortaleza neighborhoods are explained by years of potential life lost, proportion of households with poor housing, average years of schooling, per capita income and percentage of household heads with 15 or more years of study. The coefficients for years of potential life lost and households with poor housing were positive. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that the mortality by homicide is associated with high levels of poverty and uncontrolled urbanization, which migrates to the peripheries of urban centers.
Spatial distribution of the human development index, HIV infection and AIDS-Tuberculosis comorbidity: Brazil, 1982 - 2007
Authors: Rodrigues-Júnior Antonio Luiz , Ruffino-Netto Antonio , Castilho Euclides Ayres de
Published: November 2014

INTRODUCTION: AIDS epidemic has given visibility to the incidence of tuberculosis, for being the most frequent opportunistic infection. It is known that individuals who are socially vulnerable are more susceptible to HIV transmission and tuberculosis as well. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to conduct a geoepidemiological study on HIV/AIDS, AIDS-Tuberculosis co-infection and social vulnerability. METHOD: This is an ecological study using incidence rates and the human development index to produce thematic maps and a descriptive analysis of epidemiology. The records of reported cases of HIV/AIDS from 1982 to 2007 were used, considering as cases of AIDS-Tuberculosis those records that were positively diagnosed with tuberculosis and those records with unknown diagnosis of tuberculosis, but showing compatible signs and symptoms with tuberculosis (fever, cough, cachexia and asthenia). RESULTS: The maps allowed the identification of areas with social differences and different patterns of incidence of HIV/AIDS and AIDS-Tuberculosis; regional differences were similar to those found by Josué de Castro, in 1940; regions with higher human development index values also showed higher incidence HIV/AIDS and AIDS-Tuberculosis. CONCLUSION: The prevention of HIV infection must be geographically specific, given socioeconomic and cultural differences. Although official records show decline in AIDS-TB co-infection, treatment of cases of HIV/AIDS should observe the occurrence of opportunistic diseases, which should be notified and/or updated.
Size, shape, and systematics of the Silurian trilobite Aulacopleura koninckii
Authors: Hong Paul S. , Hughes Nigel C. , Sheets H. David
Published: November 2014

A new dataset of the highest quality specimens of fully articulated, juvenile and mature exoskeletons of the Czech middle Silurian trilobite Aulacopleura koninckii offers improved resolution of original morphology by all measures considered. The degree of variation in both size and shape among later meraspid instars was constant, and suggesting targeted growth in both attributes. Size-related changes in the shape of the dorsal exoskeleton and of the segment-invariant cephalon were detected in the meraspid stage, but in the holaspid phase marked allometry was detected only in the trunk region, with the pygidium showing notable expansion in relative size. Meraspid cranidial allometry was subtle, with significant changes in instar form detectable only after several molts. This trilobite developed gradually throughout meraspid and holaspid ontogeny, with the synchronous cessation of trunk segment appearance and release at the onset of the holaspid phase. Precise development of shape and size occurs in the context of marked variability in the number of trunk segments at maturity, illustrating complex patterns of character variation within a species. A new systematic description establishes the synonymy of several subspecies with A. koninckii.
The generaCalliotropisSeguenza andAmbercyclusn. gen. (Vetigastropoda, Eucyclidae) from the Early Jurassic of Argentina
Authors: Ferrari S. Mariel , Kaim Adrzej , Damborenea Susana E.
Published: November 2014

The systematic position of the fossil species referred toCalliotropisis currently under debate due to the striking resemblance between these forms with their extant counterparts in general shell morphology and ornament pattern. We propose two temporal subgenera ofCalliotropis:Calliotropis(Riselloidea) for Mesozoic species andCalliotropis(Calliotropis) for Cenozoic and Recent taxa. We also synonymize the families Eucyclidae and Calliotropidae, and redescribe the type genus of Eucylidae based on topotypic material ofE. obeliscusfrom Normandy. We argue that the generic nameAmberleyashould be restricted to its type speciesAmberleya bathonica. For the species that were traditionally included inAmberleya, we propose the new genusAmbercyclus, with its type speciesAmberleya orbignyana. The present paper also provides descriptions of threeCalliotropisspecies from the Early Jurassic marine deposits of Argentina. The occurrence ofCalliotropis(Riselloidea)keidelin. sp.,Calliotropis(Riselloidea) cf.C. (R.)keideliandCalliotropis(Riselloidea) sp. in the Jurassic of Chubut and Neuquén provinces represents a new record of the genus in Early Jurassic sediments of Argentina and South America. Moreover, two species ofAmbercyclusn. gen., such asAmbercyclus espinosusandAmbercyclus?isabelensisn. sp., are described from the same deposits.Eucyclus,Amberleya,Ambercyclus, andCalliotropisare included into Eucyclidae, which we consider to be a family of Seguenzioidea.
Systematics of some Late Ordovician encrinurine trilobites from Laurentian North America
Authors: Moss David K. , Westrop Stephen R.
Published: November 2014

Classification and relationships of the Ordovician encrinurines Frencrinoides Lespérance and Desbiens and Walencrinoides Lespérance and Desbiens are poorly understood, with little evidence for monophyly of either genus. We revise the type species of both genera, F. capitonis (Frederickson) and W. rarus (Walcott), using new and archival material. We explore their species composition and phylogenetic relationships with a parsimony analysis that includes 17 well-documented ingroup species that can be coded readily, and which is rooted with Encrinuroides regularis Parnaste, the oldest known encrinurine. The results support monophyly of Frencrinuroides and Walencrinuroides, albeit with more limited species membership than proposed by Lespérance and Desbiens. Previous suggestions that both E. uncatus Evitt and Tripp and E. neuter Evitt and Tripp should be assigned to Erratencrinurus Kruger are also supported by our analysis, as is monophyly of Physemataspis Evitt and Tripp. New species are W. rolfi and W. tremblayi.
Pain in the Neonate: Focus on Nonpharmacologic Interventions
Authors: Zeller Brandy , Giebe Jeanne
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

The assessment and treatment of pain in the neonate, especially preterm neonates, has been a challenge in the NICU for many years. Nurses caring for these vulnerable patients are in a key position to not only recognize when the neonate is experiencing pain but to also work collaboratively with other health care providers in determining the best method to treat and help prevent pain associated with procedures and routine caregiving activities. The American Academy of Pediatrics along with parent groups has recognized the importance of pain-prevention programs in treating pain in the neonate. Nurses, by anticipating and reducing both painful procedures and bedside interruptions, along with innovative nonpharmacologic interventions, can dramatically decrease the neonate’s exposure to pain and the potential for long-term effects. An overview of nonpharmacologic interventions in the treatment of neonatal pain is provided for NICU nurses to help them effectively reduce their patient’s pain and discomfort.
‘The Feast of the Ants’: Agency, the Body, and Qur'anic Narrative in Hisham Matar'sIn the Country of Men
Authors: Hashem Noor
Published: November 2014

Representations of the Qur'an in English fiction conventionally focus on the text as having problematic agency; when read, it inhibits the passive reader through commandments that prompt violence and interfere with personal freedoms and human rights. Recuperative texts focus instead on the Qur'an's affirmative spiritual aspects.

Rather than flipping the dichotomy of the active agent/passive object, what if the relationship between narrative and reader subjectivity is seriously reconsidered? Hisham Matar's In the Country of Men explores the situations in which narratives – including those in the Qur'an – are made to be authoritative and effective. The Qur'anic story of Solomon and the ants resonates throughout a novel in which the narrator, Suleiman, learns to differentiate between the legitimate uses of narrative and the discourse of power abused by a corrupt Libyan government and a patriarchal society. It explores the slippages between networks of agencies that are prefigured in Suleiman's childhood narratives, narratives which later limit his ability to have a constructive bodily experience.

How does this approach complicate the anthropocentric privileging of singular agency? What are the situations in which texts are authorised to be determinate and infectious while the reader is rendered passive, and which are those situations in which the individual asserts an interpretive agency over the text? How does this illustrate, in Talal Asad's terms, the ‘phenomenal and conceptual’ spaces ‘whose limits are variously imposed, transgressed, and reset’? What role do these narratives play on the material body – as Saba Mahmood asks, what are ‘the affective and embodied practices’ prompted by ‘attachment and cohabitation’ to these narratives? Finally, what insight does this approach to Qur'anic narratives map out for the reading of non-religious texts?
‘Minding the Koran’ in Civil War America: Islamic Revelation, US Reflections
Authors: Einboden Jeffrey
Published: November 2014

Islamic influences have increasingly gained recognition as vital to early US Literature. Contrary to current critiques of ‘Orientalism’, however, this essay emphasises the personal, rather than the political, implications of American interest in the Qur'an. Taking its cue from Walt Whitman's iconic ‘Song of Myself’ – in which the poet characterises himself as ‘minding the koran’ – the present essay explores the interiority of antebellum approaches to Islam, reading the reflective artistry catalysed by the Qur'an in the young republic. Targeting the year 1855 – not only the date of ‘Song of Myself’, but also the climax of American Romanticism – I survey ‘mindful’ engagements with the Muslim scripture pursued simultaneously by American literary celebrities such as Whitman and Melville, as well as anonymous authors writing in the US press.
Bā Kathīr's Hārūt wa-Mārūt: Can the Qur'an Have an Alienating Effect?
Authors: Amin Dina
Published: November 2014

The relationship between religion and theatre is an ancient one; in fact this relationship has been the essence and raison d’être of theatre from ancient Egypt and Greece until the present day. However, in today's world, to borrow from, or be inspired by, a holy scripture is not only to debate issues pertaining to faith, but rather to aim for a dialectics between the dramatic work and the modern-day readers/spectators and their contemporary sociopolitical conditions. Indeed, it was his recourse to a Qur'anic story as plot for Ahl al-kahf (‘Sleepers of the Cave’, 1933) that helped Tawfīq al-Ḥakīm to initiate drama as an intrinsic genre into the literary canon, theatre having long been deemed an unessential art form within the Arabo-Islamic world. The subject of the current article, ʿAlī Aḥmad Bā Kathīr (1910–69), likewise wrote a substantial number of works for the stage derived from Islamic history and tradition.

As a member of the cultural sector of the Muslim Brotherhood in the 1940s and 1950s and a major contributor to al-masraḥ al-dīnī (‘the theatre of religion’) in Egypt, it is no surprise that Bā Kathīr devoted a large portion of his prolific dramatic writing to narratives inspired by the Qur'an and other religious sources. His play Hārūt wa-Mārūt (‘The Angels Hārūt and Mārūt’, 1962) is a very good example of this vein in his writing. Based in the Qur'anic story mentioned in Sūrat al-Baqara, it recounts the story of the two angels, who are transformed into humans and descend to earth, to demonstrate that sin can be combated by the practice of chastity, willpower, and self-restraint.
Simple and Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor-Based Three-Dimensional Porous Ni-Hemoglobin Composite Electrode
Authors: Akhtar Naeem , El-Safty Sherif , Khairy Mohamed
Published: November 2014

The development of sensing systems that can detect ultra-trace amounts of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) remains a key challenge in biological and biomedical fields. In the present study, we introduce a simple and highly sensitive enzymeless H2O2 biosensor based on a three-dimensional open pore nickel (Ni) foam electrode functionalized with hemoglobin (Hb). Our findings revealed that the Hb maintained its biological functions and effective electronic connection even after immobilization process. The exceptional physical and intrinsic catalytic properties of the Ni foam combined with the bio-functionality and electron transport facility of the Hb robustly construct a H2O2 biosensor. The enzymeless H2O2 biosensor showed high selectivity, a quick response time, high sensitivity, a wide linear range and a low limit of detection (0.83 μM at a signal-to-noise ratio of three). Such an electrode composition with safe immobilization processes offers viability for engineering new biosensors.
Performance Analysis of Cold Energy Recovery from CO2 Injection in Ship-Based Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)
Authors: You Hwalong , Seo Youngkyun , Huh Cheol , Chang Daejun
Published: November 2014

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology is one of the practical solutions for mitigating the effects of global warming. When captured CO2 is injected into storage sites, the CO2 is subjected to a heating process. In a conventional CO2 injection system, CO2 cold energy is wasted during this heating process. This study proposes a new CO2 injection system that takes advantage of the cold energy using the Rankine cycle. The study compared the conventional system with the new CO2 injection system in terms of specific net power consumption, exergy efficiency, and life-cycle cost (LCC) to estimate the economic effects. The results showed that the new system reduced specific net power consumption and yielded higher exergy efficiency. The LCC of the new system was more economical. Several cases were examined corresponding to different conditions, specifically, discharge pressure and seawater temperature. This information may affect decision-making when CCS projects are implemented.
Is the Sustainability Revolution Devouring Its Own Children? Understanding Sustainability as a Travelling Concept and the Role Played by Two German Discourses on Sustainability
Authors: Knauf Marcus
Published: November 2014

This paper examines whether the expanded meaning of the term sustainability and its broader use in society, policy and economics will actually bring about the benefits experts anticipate for the forest-based sector. It begins by defining sustainability as a travelling concept, then presents and analyzes two current lines of discourse in Germany on sustainability, both with high relevance for the forest-based sector: strong sustainability and sustainable building. The analysis shows that each discourse has developed and established a diametrically opposed meaning of sustainability. As a result, it could be argued that the two meanings pose a threat to the German forest-based sector by reducing the raw material base and ultimately minimizing market opportunities. This reasoning reveals a paradox: as the term sustainability, originally coined by the forestry sector, becomes mainstream, it could end up limiting the sector’s future growth.
A Novel Socioeconomic Measure Using Individual Housing Data in Cardiovascular Outcome Research
Authors: Bang Duk , Manemann Sheila , Gerber Yariv , Roger Veronique , Lohse Christine , Rand-Weaver Jennifer , Krusemark Elizabeth , Yawn Barbara , Juhn Young
Published: November 2014

Background: To assess whether the individual housing-based socioeconomic status (SES) measure termed HOUSES was associated with post-myocardial infarction (MI) mortality. Methods: The study was designed as a population-based cohort study, which compared post-MI mortality among Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA, residents with different SES as measured by HOUSES using Cox proportional hazards models. Subjects’ addresses at index date of MI were geocoded to real property data to formulate HOUSES (a z-score for housing value, square footage, and numbers of bedrooms and bathrooms). Educational levels were used as a comparison for the HOUSES index. Results: 637 of the 696 eligible patients with MI (92%) were successfully geocoded to real property data. Post-MI survival rates were 60% (50–72), 78% (71–85), 72% (60–87), and 87% (81–93) at 2 years for patients in the first (the lowest SES), second, third, and fourth quartiles of HOUSES, respectively (p < 0.001). HOUSES was associated with post-MI all-cause mortality, controlling for all variables except age and comorbidity (p = 0.036) but was not significant after adjusting for age and comorbidity (p = 0.24). Conclusions: Although HOUSES is associated with post-MI mortality, the differential mortality rates by HOUSES were primarily accounted for by age and comorbid conditions. HOUSES may be useful for health disparities research concerning cardiovascular outcomes, especially in overcoming the paucity of conventional SES measures in commonly used datasets.
Economic Sustainability of Italian Greenhouse Cherry Tomato
Authors: Testa Riccardo , Trapani Anna , Sgroi Filippo , Tudisca Salvatore
Published: November 2014

Greenhouse tomato cultivation plays an important role in Sicily, being the primary production area in Italy, due to its favorable pedo-climatic conditions that permit extra-seasonal productions. In Sicily, more than half of greenhouse tomato production is derived from the Province of Ragusa on the southeastern coast, where especially cherry tomato typologies are cultivated. Over the last decade, the Ragusa Province has registered a decrease both in terms of greenhouse tomato area and harvested production due to several structural problems that would require restructuring of the tomato supply chain. Thus, since recognition of real costs and profitability of tomato growing is a vital issue, both from the perspective of the farm, as well as from that of the entrepreneur, the aim of this paper was to analyze the economic sustainability of Sicilian greenhouse cherry tomato cultivated in the Ragusa Province. In particular, an economic analysis on 30 representative farms was conducted in order to estimate production costs and profits of greenhouse cherry tomato. According to our results, the lack of commercial organization, which characterizes the small farms we surveyed, determines low contractual power for farmers and, consequently, low profitability.
Keyframe Extraction from Human Motion Capture Data Based on a Multiple Population Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Zhang Shulu , Zhou Dongsheng
Published: November 2014

To reduce reconstruction errors during keyframe extraction and to control the optimal compression ratio, this study proposes a method for keyframe extraction from human motion capture data based on a multiple population genetic algorithm. The fitness function is defined to meet the goals of minimal reconstruction errors and the optimal compression rate, where multiple initial populations are subjected to co-evolution. The multiple population genetic algorithm considers global and local search. Experimental results showed that the algorithm can effectively extract the keyframe from motion capture data and it satisfied the desired reconstruction error.
Le flabellum liturgique carolingien de Saint-Philibert : du don d’un souffle à la geste des moines
Authors: Cartron Isabelle
Published: November 2014

Isabelle Cartron, The Carolingian Liturgical Flabellum of Saint-Philibert : from the Gift of Breath to the Monks’ Gesta

The monastic community of Saint-Philibert has preserved a rare and precious liturgical flabellum from the Carolingian period, which is now to be found in the Bargello Museum in Florence. Composed of a long bone handle fixed to an ivory box, it has an illuminated parchment fan at its extremity, which depicts portrayals of saints. Often studied, especially from an art historical perspective, the making of the flabellum has not always been linked to the history of the community that owned it, nor placed in its liturgical context, which we propose to do in this article. Quite rare in Western Europe, this object was used to chase away flies from the chalice during the celebration of mass. The reference to these evil insects is perhaps not fortuitous considering that the monks were threatened and chased by the Vikings whom they perceived as a Scourge of God. The saints represented on the fan could also have had a symbolic relationship to aristocrats who protected the congregation throughout the ninth century. It was probably one of them, Geilon, who gave this exceptional object to the monastery, of which he later became abbot.
Noble Women Managing Family Lives The Private Letters of the Goubau Sisters in 18th Century Antwerp
Authors: Verberckmoes Johan
Published: November 2014

In the beginning of the 18th century three Goubeau sisters became orphans while still children. Family ties in Antwerp trading families helped them to continue their status as nobility that had been consolidated in the 17th century. For two of them, a stay in the prestigious boarding school of the Cistercian convent of Marquette near Lille was the decisive step towards an independent existence. Once 18 years old and declared of age, the Goubau sisters took matters into their own hands. They managed the estates of their inheritance. They took the country seat Cortewalle in Beveren from their uncle, a younger brother of their father who was short of cash and in disagreement with the three sisters. They learned the tricks of litigation to protect their own interests. But above all : they proceeded to do these things rather differently than men might have. In their letters they conferred about the decisions they took. In historiography, the letter writing of noble women has mainly been analyzed from the viewpoint of home and family matters and to explain the secondary position of noble women in contrast to their titular husbands. This article argues that a contextual reading of the correspondence of noble women suggests that women acted with a considerable degree of autonomy in their businesses and in managing family interests.