bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Progressing Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) Education in North Dakota with Near-Space Ballooning
Authors: Saad Marissa E.
Published: November 2024

The United States must provide quality science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) education in order to maintain a leading role in the global economy. Numerous initiatives have been established across the United States that promote and encourage STEM education within the middle school curriculum. This study integrated a three-week long Near Space Balloon project into six eighth-grade Earth Science classes from Valley Middle School in Grand Forks, North Dakota. It was hypothesized that after the students designed, constructed, launched, and analyzed their payload experiments, they would have an increased affinity for high school science and math classes. A pre- and post-survey was distributed to the students (n=124), before and after the project, to analyze how effective this engineering and space mission was. The surveys were statistically analyzed, comparing means by the Student’s t-Test, specifically the Welch-Satterthwaite test. Female students displayed a 57.1% increase in math and a 63.6% increase in science; male students displayed a 46.6% increase in science and 0% increase in math. Most Likert-scale survey questions experienced no statistically significant change, supporting the null hypothesis. The only survey question that supported the hypothesis was, “I Think Engineers Work Alone,” which experienced a 0.24% increase in student understanding. The results suggest that integrating a three-week long Near Space Balloon project into middle school curricula will not directly influence the students’ excitement to pursue STEM subjects and careers. An extensive, yearlong ballooning mission is recommended so that it can be integrated with multiple core subjects. Using such an innovative pedagogy method as with this balloon launch will help students master the scientific process and experience real team collaboration, as they did with this successful mission.
EyePod-Mini: Constellations, Urban Launches and Buoy Landings
Authors: Voss Hank D. , Dailey Jeff F.
Published: November 2024

Small and low-cost balloons using EyePod-Mini radios are ideal for urban and long duration launches for improving the learning experience. The EyePod-Mini is an all-in-one data and tracking pod with a mass of 150 g including 2.2 AHr batteries. It is significantly less than the mass of the balloon and fits into the balloon neck (3 cm). It communicates with Globalstar satellites for 24/7 global coverage via the internet. An additional low power 900 MHz module and a 2m APRS ham module are also available for real time data and tracking that also fit in the 3 cm tube. Another EyePod option is its design to float in water as a buoy surface monitor and tracked or as a live ground probe in remote regions for additional geo-learning. Because the probe is small it is ideal for balloon constellations making many measurements over an interesting set of time and space coordinates. Multipoint measurements help visualize the dynamics of the atmosphere to better understand weather fronts, thunderstorms, eclipses, and turbulence to improve models and learning. External instrument Pods can be attached to the EyePod mini as well and the data wirelessly connected to the EyePod links. Use of two small balloons for a launch ensures good linear altitude data collection for ascent and decent (no free fall). Small balloons with small radios are ideal for urban launches near water and forest since the experiments can continue to work as ground probes with the satellite link and solar array charging. It is reasonable to launch the EyePod-Mini without the expense of chase and recovery in difficult terrain. Because the EyePod-Mini is a rod like spear without attachment cords it is much easier to recover with treetop landings. For lake landings data can be acquired on the surface as the payload drifts to the shore for pick-up. Because the Globalstar link works globally, long duration flights are possible with useful data over oceans and remote areas.
NITELite: A High-Altitude Balloon Light Pollution Research Mission
Authors: Walczak Ken J , Gyuk Geza , Hammergren Mark , Tarr Cynthia
Published: November 2024

The NITELite (Night Imaging of Terrestrial Environments Lite) system provides a means for acquiring high-quality light pollution data at a relatively low cost from a High Altitude Balloon (HAB). NITELite is a self-contained, automated light pollution imaging system flown to altitudes between 25-30 km. The goal of the system is to image large areas (100s km2) in multiple color bands at high spatial resolution (<10m/px) and sensitivity (~10-8W/cm2/sr) for a relatively low cost (<$3000). The relatively low operating costs in particular permit repeated missions studying changes in light pollution over time, or variations in lighting depending on the time of night. Here we detail the systems, challenges, mission operations and initial results from the NITELite mission.
Flying “Mock” CubeSats on Stratospheric Balloon Flights: An Update about “Mock P-PODs” and the 3U “MOC-SOC”
Authors: Wehling Paul , Van Gerpen Andrew , Flaten James
Published: November 2024

CubeSats areminiature satellites measuring only 10 by 10 by 10 cm (“1U”), or 10 by 10 by 20cm (“2U”), or 10 by 10 by 30 cm (“3U”), that are launched to orbit, usuallyalong with much-larger payloads, and deployed once in orbit using aspring-loaded ejection device known as a “(3U) P-POD” or else from 6U-deeplaunchers onboard the International Space Station. At AHAC 2019 we discussedhow we help train both stratospheric ballooning students and also CubeSat teammembers by challenging them to design and build functional, low-cost,non-space-rated (“mock”) CubeSat-shaped payloads. These are lofted by a “mockP-POD” into the stratosphere on weather balloon flights. The “mock P-POD”carries the “mock CubeSat(s)” internally until it is above the tropopause,after which it “deploys” it(them) to dangle externally for the duration of theascent and the full descent of the mission.MockCubeSats have varied widely in complexity and functionality, demonstrating theusefulness of this approach. They range from basic 3D-printed or laser-cutframes filled with independent, commercial-off-the-shelf sensors to custom-builtplatforms with ground telemetry and “smart” sensor-driven software. Our most technically-complex mock CubeSats to date,“MOC-SOC”, along with our mock P-POD deployer, have both undergone significantdevelopment in the past year. These upgrades have further-demonstrated the utilityof a stratospheric mock CubeSat program to both student training and ballooningpayload development. This project has also illustrated some of the limits of makinglow-cost models of space-bound payloads and flying them in near-space. Resultsfrom stratospheric balloon flights carrying MOC-SOC in 2020 will be discussed.
KEBIJAKAN KEPENDUDUKAN DALAM PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN DI NEGARA SUDAN SELATAN
Authors: Fenika Mila
Published: November 2024

Pembangunan berkelanjutan merupakan tujuan bagi banyak negara di dunia, termasuk Sudan Selatan, untuk mencapai perubahan yang positif dan berkelanjutan dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan, seperti perekonomian, teknologi informasi, manajemen lingkungan, dan kehidupan sosial. Hal ini melibatkan upaya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan saat ini tanpa mengorbankan kemampuan generasi mendatang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan mereka sendiri. Dalam konteks Sudan Selatan, pembangunan berkelanjutan mencakup berbagai aspek seperti pengembangan teknologi ramah lingkungan, kebijakan ekonomi inklusif, pengurangan emisi gas rumah kaca, dan dukungan terhadap komunitas lokal untuk mencapai kesejahteraan yang berkelanjutan. Partisipasi aktif dari berbagai pemangku kepentingan, termasuk pemerintah, sektor swasta, masyarakat sipil, dan akademisi, sangat diperlukan dalam mencapai pembangunan berkelanjutan. Kebijakan kependudukan yang berkelanjutan juga menjadi kunci penting dalam menjaga keseimbangan antara kebutuhan manusia, lingkungan, dan sumber daya alam. Sudan Selatan berkomitmen untuk mengatur pertumbuhan populasi agar sesuai dengan kapasitas lingkungan dan kemampuan sistem ekonomi untuk menyediakan kebutuhan dasar bagi seluruh penduduk. Melalui kerja sama dengan organisasi kemanusiaan seperti United Nations Population Fund dan penegakan peraturan dan undang-undang seperti Part Two Bill of Rights, Sudan Selatan bertujuan untuk menciptakan lingkungan yang kondusif bagi pertumbuhan populasi yang berkelanjutan dan pembangunan yang optimal. Fokus utama pemerintah Sudan Selatan termasuk memperkuat infrastruktur kesehatan, meningkatkan akses pendidikan, dan mengatasi akar penyebab konflik untuk mencapai tujuan pembangunan yang berkelanjutan. Dengan demikian, Sudan Selatan berupaya untuk menjadi lebih baik dalam segala aspek, terutama dalam dinamika sosial, kependudukan, dan pembangunan secara keseluruhan.
IMPLEMENTASI DANA KANYAAH DI RT 05 KELURAHAN SUKAMULYA : MEMBANGUN SOLIDARITAS ANTAR AGAMA MELALUI PEMBIAYAAN KESEHATAN DAN PEMAKAMAN
Authors: Nur Alfiyah Intan , Putra Vedu Pamungkas , Amalia Via , Sintia Ari Ni Made Reniska , Hasibuan Kobul Baringin , Aziz Rohmanur
Published: November 2024

This study aims to determine the implementation of the kanyaah fund in RT 05 Sukamulya Village which is one of the programs in building interfaith solidarity through health and funeral financing. This research is a qualitative study with data collection techniques of participant observation and in-depth interviews, using social solidarity theory analysis in responding to universal human needs and how individuals play an active role in the creation of social solidarity for people who have different beliefs in it.  The results showed that through the kanyaah fund walking program, social solidarity was created in maintaining a life that upholds tolerance and harmonization in Sukamulya Village.
KEPRIBADIAN INTROVERT DALAM KEMAMPUAN BERSOSIALISASI PADA MAHASISWA
Authors: Saputra Muhammad Farel
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTArtikel ini membahas pengaruh kepribadian introvert terhadap kemampuan bersosialisasi mahasiswa. Dengan menggunakan metode studi literatur, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi tantangan yang dihadapi mahasiswa dengan kepribadian introvert dalam interaksi sosial di lingkungan akademik. Kepribadian introvert, yang ditandai dengan kecenderungan untuk menghindari keramaian dan lebih fokus pada diri sendiri, dapat berdampak negatif terhadap keterampilan sosial. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa introvert sering mengalami kesulitan dalam bergaul, kurang percaya diri, dan menghadapi kecemasan sosial. Meskipun ada beberapa temuan yang menunjukkan bahwa introversi dapat memberikan kontribusi positif dalam hubungan yang lebih mendalam, dominasi pengaruh negatif terhadap kemampuan bersosialisasi tetap menjadi tema yang kuat. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menyarankan perlunya pendekatan yang lebih mendukung bagi mahasiswa introvert agar dapat mengatasi hambatan sosial dan mengembangkan keterampilan interaksi yang lebih baik.
TEKNIK ANALISIS KANONIKAL: HUBUNGAN HIMPUNAN ANTAR VARIABEL (Suatu Pengantar Teoritis)
Authors: Basuki Basuki .
Published: November 2024

Canonical analysis, a fundamental statistical technique, has been widely employed across various fields of study, from social sciences to life sciences, to uncover the underlying relationships between sets of variables. This comprehensive review article aims to provide a detailed exploration of the theoretical foundations, methodological considerations, and practical applications of canonical analysis.
DAMPAK KORUPSI BANSOS TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PANDANGAN MAHASISWA SEKOLAH TINGGI DESAIN INDONESIA
Authors: Fitriyyah Nurfadilah . , Rachman Rizki Maulana
Published: November 2024

This article explores the impact of corruption on social assistance programmes and its effect on community welfare from the perspective of design students. Corruption, which is a practice that harms both the state and society, often hinders the effectiveness of social assistance programmes, which should aim to improve social welfare. Design students, with different backgrounds and approaches, produce different perspectives in analysing the impact of corruption on social welfare. Through case studies and qualitative analysis, this article shows how corruption can affect social assistance distribution, service quality, and community satisfaction. The results show that design students have an assessment of social assistance corruption cases and design students can play an important role in reducing corruption and increasing the effectiveness of social assistance, so that it can contribute to improving people's welfare.
Las redes intelectuales de la hispanista Amelia Agostini de del Río
Authors: Verdugo Álvez María Nieves
Published: November 2024

Introducción: Después del restablecimiento de las relaciones entre España y Estados Unidos, y dentro del periodo caracterizado por el resurgimiento del hispanismo cultural y académico a comienzos del siglo XX, nos encontramos con la figura de Amelia Agostini de del Río, profesora y escritora puertorriqueña. Metodología: La fuente principal del presente trabajo es el libro Rosa de los Vientos, publicado en 1980 por Agostini y en el que aborda algunos pasajes de su vida tanto personal como profesional, aunque también se utilizarán otro tipo de documentos, como por ejemplo cartas privadas o prensa histórica. Con esto pretendemos abordar un personaje poco estudiado, y su relación con otros intelectuales del hispanismo. Resultados: Tras realizar un breve repaso de su vida temprana y su recorrido académico e intelectual, nos hemos centrado en las relaciones que Agostini desarrolló con dos intelectuales, por un lado, con José de Diego, político y abogado puertorriqueño, y por otro con Susan Huntington Vernon, profesora e hispanista norteamericana. Conclusiones: Ambos intelectuales fueron determinantes para el devenir académico de Amelia Agostini de del Río, siendo de Diego el primer referente en poesía de la autora, mientras que Huntington ayudó a que la puertorriqueña consiguiera trabajo en Estados Unidos.
La educación imaginativa como favorecedora del diseño de entornos virtuales de aprendizaje efectivos para la educación superior
Authors: Villalobos Lara Raquel , Vásquez Alvarado Claudia Alejandra
Published: November 2024

Introducción: La pandemia obligó a los centros educativos a desarrollar opciones de aprendizaje a distancia. Tras ella, la educación superior ha mantenido su oferta de formación en línea. Sin embargo, se hace esencial evaluar si los Entornos Virtuales de Aprendizaje (EVA) son efectivos o solo constituyen repositorios digitales. Los EVA efectivos consideran una perspectiva constructivista, integrando en su diseño instruccional innovaciones técnicas y pedagógicas. La Educación Imaginativa, vincula emocionalmente a los estudiantes, posibilita integrar conocimientos, estrategias, tecnología y desarrollo de competencias. El objetivo de esta investigación es crear orientaciones para el diseño de EVA efectivos basados en Educación Imaginativa. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio de caso, en el que se analizaron las asignaturas del programa de licenciatura en educación de una universidad chilena. El diagnóstico se realizó con la técnica de análisis de contenidos y consistió en la revisión de todos los recursos dispuestos en dicho programa. Resultados: Se reveló una buena organización y disposición de contenidos. Discusión: existe escasa diversidad de formatos e insuficiencia de recursos interactivos, colaborativos y adaptativos. Conclusiones: Se proponen orientaciones que permitan promover -mediante el diseño instruccional efectivo- la creatividad, el pensamiento crítico, la adaptabilidad y personalización de los métodos de enseñanza para enfrentar los desafíos actuales.
Employee experience: a systematic review
Authors: Andrés-Reina María-Paz , Díaz-Muñoz Rocío , Rodríguez-Fernández Mercedes
Published: November 2024

Introducción: La creciente atención que prestan los empleados a la satisfacción laboral y personal ha suscitado un interés cada vez mayor por la Experiencia del Empleado (EX). Este artículo pretende ofrecer una visión general de los conocimientos y la estructura intelectual del campo científico de la EX. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de 97 artículos publicados en revistas indexadas en SCOPUS para evaluar los temas principales y el desarrollo de la literatura EX. Resultados: Los resultados revelan que EX es un área de investigación reciente y en expansión vinculada a cinco temas principales: salud y seguridad en el trabajo, bienestar, compromiso, gestión de recursos humanos (GRH) y cultura organizativa. Se identifican y analizan cuatro líneas principales de investigación dentro de EX. Discusión: La investigación sobre la EX se encuentra aún en sus primeras fases, por lo que son necesarios más estudios para explorar a fondo sus componentes clave. Esta revisión pone de relieve las áreas críticas y propone futuras líneas de investigación. Conclusiones: Este estudio viene a colmar una laguna en la comprensión del estado de la cuestión de las EX y ofrece ideas que pueden ayudar a investigadores y profesionales a centrarse en las áreas más relevantes y de mayor impacto de las EX.
Itinerarios didácticos dramatizados: una matrona romana enseña la historia de Corduba a estudiantes de Secundaria
Authors: López Rey Nuria
Published: November 2024

Introducción: Este artículo trata de una pequeña investigación sobre una innovación educativa para la enseñanza de la historia: los itinerarios didácticos dramatizados, basados en la Historia Antigua y el patrimonio arqueológico romano de Córdoba (España). Innovación implementada como una Situación de Aprendizaje en  cursos de 1º de la ESO colaborando de manera interdisciplinar en las asignaturas de Geografía e Historia, Lengua y Literatura y Educación Plástica y Visual. Metodología: La extracción de datos para testar esta investigación combina las técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas a través del análisis de 49 cuestionarios Google Forms, las rúbricas de evaluación y la actividades finales realizadas a alumnado que ha participado en estos itinerarios de forma activa. Resultados: En general son satisfactorios en cuanto supone una actividad muy motivadora que permite desarrollar el aprendizaje competencial, el pensamiento histórico y la reflexión, por una parte y por otra la sensibilización hacia el patrimonio arqueológico, tomando como base el Museo Arqueológico de Córdoba. Discusión: Todavía hace falta realizar más estudios concluyentes para validar algunos aspectos que han quedado en suspense como la valoración exacta en la sensibilización hacia el patrimonio. Conclusiones: Es muy necesario seguir investigando esta nueva forma de enseñar historia, cada vez más de moda, en sus aspectos, docentes, discentes y sociales.
Entre la conexión y el agotamiento: reconsiderando el vínculo humano-tecnología en la sociedad moderna
Authors: Trujillo-Liñán Laura
Published: November 2024

Introducción: A partir de 2019, la pandemia de COVID-19 aceleró la adopción de programas y trabajo en línea a nivel mundial. Millones de personas tuvieron que adaptarse al encierro y la interacción digital prolongada. Si bien esto trajo nuevas posibilidades de estudio y trabajo remoto, también tuvo consecuencias negativas. Este artículo investiga la naturaleza paradójica del progreso tecnológico, enfocándose en su capacidad para inducir una fatiga social generalizada. Metodología: Mediante un análisis cualitativo de textos filosóficos contemporáneos, especialmente de Byung-Chul Han, se examina cómo la interacción continua con la tecnología afecta las dimensiones físicas, psicológicas y sociales del ser humano. Resultados y discusión: Las conclusiones sugieren que, si bien la tecnología promete una mejor conexión, puede fomentar alienación, especialmente en las redes sociales, donde las interacciones digitales reemplazan el contacto humano genuino. Además, la inmediatez de la comunicación digital promueve intercambios superficiales, debilitando la capacidad para un entendimiento profundo y el pensamiento crítico. Conclusiones: El documento plantea que la interacción entre avances tecnológicos y agotamiento social desafía la condición humana, lo que requiere una reevaluación crítica de nuestra relación con la tecnología. Se sugiere un enfoque equilibrado que promueva una integración sostenible y empática de la tecnología en la vida cotidiana.
Digital native media in the Andean community: a view from their characteristics
Authors: Gonzales Córdova Mayra Paola
Published: November 2024

The advent of the Internet 30 years ago, has prompted the media to face new challenges and as a result we can observe a series of significant changes and a new way of conceiving the media that are on the web. Media and journalists have understood that the new ways to reach audiences are in digital environments. The objective of this study on digital native media in the Andean Community (CAN) is to analyze the characteristics according to their typology. The research is developed based on a mixed methodology that includes a literature review, the recording of a database for subsequent analysis and observation. The research design follows a descriptive, explanatory and exploratory model; initially, it seeks to identify the CAN cybermedia through variables that allow obtaining details of each of them. Subsequently, information is gathered on their evolution and characteristics. In conclusion, this study has shown that, the countries of the CAN, the development of online media, known as cybermedia, share several characteristics influenced mainly by economic, political and social factors, as well as by technological adoption despite the existing digital divide. From the data collected, Ecuador, Peru, Colombia and Bolivia register for this study a total of 74 digital native cybermedia.
Financial Sector Reforms and Inflation-Growth Nexus
Authors: Iqbal Nadeem , Rehman Aisha , Malik Wasim Shahid
Published: November 2024

In the 1980s, Pakistan's financial reforms reduced central bank borrowing, raising government debt and tax collection needs. In this context, the conventional approach to evaluating the costs and benefits of low inflation proves inadequate. The sacrifice ratio (SR) focuses on demand contraction's impact on economic activity and fails to capture the true costs of inflation by overlooking the supply-side effects of reduced fiscal space. This study re-evaluates the SR, accounting for both the demand contraction channel and the long-term supply side impact of diminished fiscal space. We hypothesize that the cumulative costs outweigh the long-term benefits of price stability. By incorporating fiscal space scenarios into the time-series model for SR estimation; our results indicate an SR approximately double that found in earlier studies. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating fiscal implications into monetary policy decisions to support sustainable economic growth.
Safe, simple, and valid position for obtaining flexion-extension radiographs to assess instability in patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis: one specific instruction can make a difference
Authors: Morita Tomonori , Yoshimoto Mitsunori , Emori Makoto , Iesato Noriyuki , Fukushi Ryunosuke , Takashima Hiroyuki , Yamashita Toshihiko , Teramoto Atsushi
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVE

In lumbar spondylolisthesis, conventional standing flexion-extension radiography can yield varying results depending on the patient’s effort and cooperation. Previous research suggested that assisted flexion radiography provides larger flexion with a significantly greater change in lumbar lordosis (ΔLL) and increased sagittal translation (ST), posterior opening (PO), segmental angulation (SA), and instability detection rates. In this study, the authors aimed to identify a safe, simple, and valid position for obtaining functional radiographs to evaluate abnormal instability in lumbar spondylolisthesis.

METHODS

Consecutive patients diagnosed with L4–5 degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis were included. The patients underwent upright and extension radiography and three different flexion radiography positions: conventional flexion (CF), hand-knee (HK), and hand-ankle (HA). Measurements included ΔLL, ST, PO, and SA, with instability rates compared between the three flexion techniques.

RESULTS

This study included 117 patients (81 women, mean age of the study sample 76.8 years). The median ΔLL values were 10.8° (interquartile range [IQR] 5.2°–18.2°) in the CF position, 30.0° (IQR 21.0°–41.1°) in the HK position, and 32.1° (IQR 23.0°–42.4°) in the HA position, with significant differences noted (p < 0.05). For PO and SA, significant differences were observed between the techniques (p < 0.05). ST medians were CF 5.5% (IQR 3.6%–8.1%), HK 9.5% (IQR 7.7%–11.1%), and HA 9.7% (IQR 7.4%–11.4%), with HK and HA positions differing significantly from the CF position (p < 0.001), but not the HK from the HA position (p = 0.15). Instability detection rates were 29.1% in the CF position, 76.1% in the HK position, and 76.9% in the HA position, with significant differences between the HK, HA, and CF positions (p < 0.001), but not between the HK and HA positions (p > 0.99).

CONCLUSIONS

The study showed that HK and HA flexion radiographs provided greater ΔLL, ST, PO, SA, and better instability detection than the CF position. Given its safety and simplicity, the HK position is suitable for detecting abnormal lumbar mobility in degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis.
Education and Commerce
Authors: Ivanitskii G. R
Published: November 2024

At the beginning of the XXI century, the spread of negative trends that undermine the development of scientific knowledge has intensified. They posed a threat not only to the intellectual development of the younger generation, but also hampered the development of science as a whole. Their appearance was a product of an established consumer society, which is based on the development of commercial technologies. The question arose: how to counter these negative trends?
Adsorption of Proteins onto Nitrocellulose Membranes from a Flowing Solution – Theory and Experiment
Authors: Prusakov K. A , Zamalutdinova S. V , Sidorova A. E , Bagrov D. V
Published: November 2024

Some analytical laboratory procedures involve passing the sample through a porous polymer membrane. In this process, the analyte binds to the surface of the membrane modified with a specific receptor layer and is then detected using optical or electrochemical signals. This paper presents an experimental and theoretical analysis of the binding patterns of the analyte to nitrocellulose membranes. Two cases are considered: specific binding of the analyte to antibodies immobilized on the membrane and non-specific adsorption of the analyte. It is shown that increasing the volume of the sample passed through the membrane leads to an increase in the amount of adsorbed analyte, and this can generally be used to improve the sensitivity of biosensors.
Assessment of Binding Affinity in the Complexes of CoV-S-Protein’s RBD and the ACE2 Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Bogdanova E. A , Chernukhin A. V , Shaitan K. V , Novoseletsky V. N
Published: November 2024

The experimentally obtained structures of 48 complexes of the ACE2 receptor with the S protein’s RBD of the coronaviruses SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 (including mutant forms of the latter) were assessed and the dissociation constant was calculated for them. Prediction of binding affinity was carried out using ProBAN, a neural network algorithm, previously developed by the authors, and a number of other algorithms for estimating the Gibbs free energy such as Prodigy, FoldX, DFIRE and RosettaDock. A comparison of the evaluation results shows that ProBAN has the best prediction quality (Pearson correlation − 0.56, MAE − 0.7 kcal/mol) of all the analyzed algorithms. The results obtained suggest better quality of affinity prediction for other protein-protein complexes. Information about the complexes under study and prediction results are available in the repository at the link: https://github.com/EABogdanova/ProBAN_RBD-ACE2.
Effects of Salicylic and Acetylsalicylic Acids in Mitochondrial and Erythrocyte Membranes
Authors: Ilyich T. V , Savko A. I , Kovalenya T. A , Lapshina E. A , Zavodnik I. B
Published: November 2024

For further clarification of the mechanisms of pharmacological effects of salicylic and acetylsalicylic acids, the interactions of these acids with mitochondrial and erythrocyte membranes were studied and the role of calcium ions in the effects of salicylic and acetylsalicylic acids was examined. Salicylic acid and to a lesser extent acetylsalicylic acid at 0.5−2.0 mM concentration effectively inhibited the respiratory activity of isolated rat liver mitochondria, by uncoupling respiration and phosphorylation processes, induced depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane and potentiated Ca2+-stimulated formation of mitochondrial permeability transition pores in EGTA-free media. Cyclosporine A and ruthenium red partially inhibited the mitochondrial pore opening process induced by salicylic and acetylsalicylic acids both in the absence and presence of Ca2+ ions. Salicylic acid (180–360 µM) markedly accelerated proton-induced lysis of human erythrocytes (at pH 3.2) and caused hyperpolarization of erythrocyte membranes (at pH 5.5, but not at pH 7.4), probably as a result of proton transfer to the cytoplasm of the cell. Thus, salicylic and acetylsalicylic acids interact with mitochondrial and plasma membranes, act as effective proton/Ca2+ ionophores and stimulate the mitochondrial calcium uniporter.
Typical Pathological Process in Glutamate Neurotoxicity: the Role of Reactive Nitrogen and Oxygen Species
Authors: Reutov V. P , Pasikova N. V , Sorokina E. G
Published: November 2024

The disruption of major regulatory mechanisms of nerve cells can lead to glutamate neurotoxicity/excitotoxicity. This phenomenon most often occurs in hypoxia/ischemia, during inflammatory processes, activation of immune and autoimmune responses. Pathological changes in the brain in the early stages of diseases are nonspecific. The distinction between pathological change and physiological norm is small. These typical pathological processes are common with a variety of diseases. They may also occur in ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. The main objective of this work was to analyze some physiological and cytochemical processes that are associated with the neurotransmitter glutamate, as well as with highly reactive and highly toxic compounds such as reactive nitrogen and oxygen species. Reactive nitrogen (•NO) and oxygen (•O2–) species can affect almost all major components of cells and subcellular structures. At low concentrations, they perform a regulatory function. Mechanism analysis of toxic effects of glutamate, reactive nitrogen and oxygen species was essential for the development of new methods of protection against the damaging effects of the said substances thereby using these methods in treatment of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes.
Mechanisms of the Formation and Function of Dinitrosyl Iron Complexes as a “Working Form” of Nitric Oxide in Living Organisms
Authors: Vanin A. F
Published: November 2024

It has been proposed that only the introduction of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) into dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNIC) or S-nitrosothiols (RS-NO) can ensure stabilization of NO that is critical for operating in an auto/paracrine manner as a regulator of biological processes in living organisms. Without this introduction, the majority of endogenous NO disappears due to aggressive intra/intercellular environment thereby eliminating it from metabolic processes. Administration of exogenous NO in human and animal organisms (the only possible route of administration is via inhalation when it is in the gaseous state) does not lead to formation of DNIC or RS-NO in blood or other tissues. Hence, the majority of exogenous NO during its inhalation is converted into nitrosonium cations (NO+), the emergence of which is evidenced by their conversion into RS-NO when various thiol-containing compounds are administered to animal blood concomitantly. In turn, RS-NO formation in those animals was manifested by hypotensive effect on them. NO molecule transformation into nitrosonium cations may also occur during DNIC formation induced by a disproportionation reaction of endogenous NO molecules binding with Fe2+ ions in pairs. Subsequent binding of Fe(NO)2 groups to thiol-containing ligands that occur during this reaction promotes formation of rather stable DNICs that act as donors of both neutral molecules of NO and nitrosonium cations (NO+) in living organisms. The transfer of NO and NO+ to targets for nitrosation reactions occurs by the interaction of low molecular DNICs with heme groups of heme-containing proteins (for example, guanylate cyclase) or thiol groups in low molecular or protein thiol-containing compounds. This paper presents different results of NO and NO+ transfer in living organisms disussing both positive, regulatory and negative, toxic effects of it.
Influence of Polysaccharide from Helianthus tuberosus L. on Antiproliferative Activity of N-Glycoside Indolo[2,3-a]carbazole Derivative LCS-1269
Authors: Kiseleva M. P , Golubeva I. S , Deryagina V. P , Lantsova A. V , Ektova L. V , Kornyushenkov E. A , Borisova L. M , Generalov E. A
Published: November 2024

The Lewis model of epidermoid carcinoma that developed in the lungs of F1(C57Bl/6 × DBA/2) hybrid mice has been used while investigating antitumor activity of the N-glycoside derivative indolo[2,3-a]carbazole (LCS-1269) with a polysaccharide from Helianthus tuberosus L. as an adjuvant agent. The antitumor effect of LCS-1269 together with the polysaccharide was evaluated by the inhibition of tumor growth in treated ani mals in comparison to the control group. As a result, it was found that combination of LCS-1269 with the polysaccharide from Helianthus tuberosus L. provided more pronounced therapeutic and longer-lasting effect than monotherapy showing a 53–64% decrease in growth of Lewis lung carcinoma for up to a 28-day obser vation period. Polysaccharide supplementation led to an increase in the number of blood cells leukocytes, lymphocytes and phagocytes responsible for antitumor immunity. The chemotherapy in combination with LCS-1269 and polysaccharide had a pronounced sustained antitumor effect on Lewis lung carcinoma in the peripheral blood system of mice in presence of a temporarily increased level of neutrophils and monocytes by the 12th day of tumor development. Apparently, the tested compounds stimulated proliferation of neutrophils and monocytes of certain phenotypes with antitumor activity at an earlier stage of Lewis lung carcinoma de velopment.
Properties of Resorbable Conduits Based on Poly(L-lactide) Nanofibers and Chitosan Fibers for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Tagandurdyyeva N. A , Trube M. A , Shemyakin I. O , Solomitskiy D. N , Medvedev G. V , Ivan’kova E. M , Dobrovolskaya I. P , Yudin V. Ye
Published: November 2024

Tubular conduits have been developed to regenerate peripheral nerves and repair defects with a diastase more than 3 cm. An optimal design of a conduit consists of a tube based on poly(L-lactide) nanofibers and chitosan composite fibers with chitin nanofibrils. In the study performed with in vivo model for motor dysfunction, nerve functional status has been assessed by means of the sciatic functional index. It has been shown that chitosan monofibers and chitosan composite fibers with chitin nanofibrils in the design of conduits can increase the regeneration rate of the sciatic nerve, the sciatic functional index is 76−83. The degree of nerve conduction recovery, determined by measuring the amplitude of the M response, is 46%. The developed conduit design imitates the oriented architecture of the nerve, facilitates electrical communication between the ends of the damaged nerve, and promotes increased rate of nerve regeneration and the direction of nerve growth.
Numerical Study of the Influence of Boundary Conditions on Calculations of the Dynamics of Polydisperse Gas Suspension
Authors: Tukmakov D. A.
Published: November 2024

The work numerically simulates the flow of a polydisperse gas suspension in a channel. The carrier medium was described as a viscous, compressible, heat-conducting gas. The mathematical model implemented a continuum technique for the dynamics of multiphase media, taking into account the interaction of the carrier medium and the dispersed phase. For each component of the mixture, a complete hydrodynamic system of equations of motion for the carrier phase and dispersed phase fractions was solved. The dispersed phase consisted of particles with different sizes of dispersed inclusions. For the carrier medium, homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions were specified on the side surfaces of the channel. For fractions of the dispersed phase, boundary conditions for slippage. The influence of the boundary conditions of the flow of the carrier medium on the dynamics of gas suspension fractions has been revealed.
Event-related potentials in studies of the implicit component of cognitive biases
Authors: Yatsenko M. V. , Brak I. V. , Artemenko E. D.
Published: November 2024

The review analyzes neurophysiological correlates of the implicit component of cognitive bias in the processes of perception and decision-making. The review identifies the leading methodological pipeline for analysis of the implicit component of cognitive bias, and justifies its choice in terms of the objectives of this review. The method of recording event-related potentials (ERPs) was chosen as the main approach to determining neurophysiological indicators of implicit processes. The analysis of literature allowed us to identify ERP components reproduced in the works of different authors using different variants of experimental designs for studying implicit bias, which may indicate the presence of common neurophysiological mechanisms associated with implicit processes in cognitive bias. The possibility of using other approaches to the analysis of EEG data to obtain new information about the mechanisms of implicit components in cognitive bias is also discussed.
EEG correlates of self-recognition in morphed faces: association with social anxiety
Authors: Bocharov A. V. , Savostyanov A. N. , Saprygin A. E. , Tamozhnikov S. S. , Rudych P. D. , Lebedkin D. A. , Milakhina N. S. , Merkulova E. A. , Knyazev G. G.
Published: November 2024

Recognizing one’s own face is important for self-identification and is considered an indicator of self-consciousness. Social anxiety is related to special attention to self. The aim was to investigate the oscillatory dynamics associated with self-recognition/non-self-recognition in morphed faces and the correlation with social anxiety in these processes. During EEG recordings with 128 electrodes, 48 volunteers (31 females) recognized themselves in morphed faces. During self-recognition, a greater increase in theta rhythm was revealed in the time interval from 800 to 1500 ms than in the non-self-recognition condition. Based on the data on the relationship of the theta rhythm with attention and memory, it could be assumed that the increase in theta rhythm may be related to memory and attention processes when perceiving details, mismatches, and misrepresentation of one’s own face. Social anxiety was positively related to the magnitude of theta rhythm during self-recognition, it could be related to the increased attention that socially anxious people focus on themselves and distortions of their own face.
Right is it right? Influence of the type of motor response on behavioral and electrophysiological indicators during the orthographic decision task
Authors: Larionova E. V. , Garakh Zh. V. , Luschekina E. A.
Published: November 2024

The role of the sensorimotor component in the processing of verbal information is currently widely discussed. We hypothesize that the type of motor response may influence behavioral and electrophysiological performance in an orthographic decision task. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in 42 right-handers during an orthographic decision task. Half of the participants were instructed to press the right button with their right hand upon encountering correctly spelled words and the left button with their left hand upon encountering misspelled words, while the other half followed the opposite instruction. The motor response to correctly spelled words was shorter for the dominant hand compared to the non-dominant hand, which may be due to the coincidence of semantic and motor representations (stimulus-response compatibility effect). In addition, reaction times to incorrectly spelled words were longer than to correctly spelled words only in the group of participants who responded with their dominant hand to correctly spelled words. The P200 and N400 ERP components did not depend on the type of motor response. However, in the group of participants who pressed correctly spelled words with their right hand, the amplitude of the P600 component was greater for misspelled words compared to correctly spelled words. Thus, the type of motor response influenced the effects associated with word spelling recognition.
REINTERPRETASI MAKNA KHALIFAH MENUJU PERADABAN BARU ISLAM (KAJIAN TEMATIS KONTEKSTUAL TERHADAP AYAT KHILAFAH)
Authors: Mutamakin  , Moch. Al-farizi  , Ulil Albab Muhamad Nizar
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The word caliph is the key word and the first topic in human creation. Understanding the word caliph is a very important method to understand the nature and role of humans in today's civilization. The aim of this research is to describe the essence of the word caliph, the nature of human civilization, and the reinterpretation of the meaning of caliph towards a new Islamic civilization. The research method carried out by the researcher is a thematic and contextual study of the Khilafah verses. Data collection was carried out through a study of several sources, namely the Al-Qur'an and Al-Hadith as well as several sources from books, articles, websites, etc. Researchers carry out in-depth data analysis and focus on the research objectives so that they can draw conclusions. The results of the research show firstly, the essence of the word caliph is a continuous process starting from fil ardlhi caliph to becoming caliph fil ardlhi. Second, the essence of human civilization is the change and continuity of the caliphate which is sunnatullah. Third, reinterpreting the meaning of the caliphate towards a new Islamic civilization can be done through bismillahirrahmanirrahim and alhamdulillahi rabbil alamin.
Keywords: caliph, civilization, reinterpretation, Islam
 
Abstrak
Kata khalifah merupakan kata kunci dan topik pertama dalam penciptaan manusia. Memahami kata khalifah merupakan salah satu metode yang sangat penting dilakukan guna memahami tentang hakikat dan peran manusia dalam peradaban saat ini. Tujuan penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mendiskripsikan tentang hakikat kata khalifah, hakikat peradaban manusia, dan reinterpretasi makna khalifah menuju peradaban baru Islam. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan oleh peneliti adalah kajian tematis dan kontekstual terhadap ayat khilafah, pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kajian terhadap beberapa sumber yakni Al-Qur’an dan Al-Hadits serta beberapa sumber dari buku, artikel, website, dan lain-lain. Peneliti melakukan analisis data secara mendalam dan terfokus kepada tujuan penelitian sehingga dapat menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pertama, hakikat kata khalifah merupakan proses yang berkelanjutan mulai dari fil ardlhi khalifah hingga menjadi khalifah fil ardlhi. Kedua, hakikat peradaban manusia adalah pergantian serta keberlanjutan kekhalifahan yang merupakan sunnatullah. Ketiga, reinterpretasi makna khalifah menuju peradaban baru Islam dapat dilakukan melalui bismillahirrahmanirrahim dan alhamdulillahi rabbil alamin.
Kata Kunci: khalifah, Peradaban, Reinterpretasi, Islam
PENDEKATAN KEPEMIMPINAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN MORAL SANTRI DI PESANTREN
Authors: Nur Rahmadhani Sholehah SN  , Suwadi
Published: November 2024

The leadership approach in Islamic boarding schools has been an interesting study as Islamic boarding school leadership has differences from the leadership of other educational institutions. Islamic boarding school leadership, which is based on uswatun hasanah, is expected to be able to improve the morality of students (santri). The aim of this research is to examine leadership approaches, student morality in Islamic boarding schools, and improving the moral and ethics of students in Islamic boarding schools through leadership approaches. This type of research uses qualitative research. This research is library research. This research used an inductive approach that originates from the facts found then questions arise and relates them to existing theoretical studies and finally draws conclusions. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman method, namely data reduction, data presentation, verification. The research results show that leadership approaches include the trait approach, behavioral approach, and situational approach. Santri morals include respecting teachers, etiquette in the books studied, covering one's private parts, ethics in speaking. Meanwhile, increasing the morality of students in Islamic boarding schools through a leadership approach includes providing learning, setting good examples, being responsible and collaborating.
Keywords: Leadership Approach; Morals; Santri; Islamic Boarding School.
 
Abstrak
Pendekatan kepemimpinan di pesantren memiliki kajian yang menarik karena kepemimpinan pesantren memiliki distingsi dengan kepemimpinan lembaga pendidikan yang lain. Kepemimpinan pesantren yang didasari oleh uswatun hasanah, diharapkan mampu meningkatkan moral peserta didik (santri). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji tentang pendekatan kepemimpinan, moral santri di Pesantren, dan peningkatan moral santri di pesantren melalui pendekatan kepemimpinan. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian library research (penelitian kepustakaan). Pendekatannya ialah pendekatan induktif berasal dari fakta yang ditemui kemudian timbul pertanyaan dan mengaitkannya dengan kajian-kajian teori yang ada lalu mengambil kesimpulan. Analisis data dengan metode Miles dan Huberman yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pendekatan kepemimpinan diantaranya pendekatan sifat, pendekatan perilaku, dan pendekatan situasional. Moral santri diantaranya meliputi memuliakan guru, adab dalam kitab yang dipelajari, menutup aurat, etika dalam berbicara. Sedangkan peningkatan moral santri di pesantren melalui pendekatan kepemimpinan diantaranya dilakukan dengan pemberian pembelajaran, memberikan teladan yang baik, bertanggungjawab dan kolaborasi.
Kata Kunci: Pendekatan Kepemimpinan; Moral; Santri; Pesantren.