bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Admission to the Lyceum Math Class: Problems, Contradictions, Solutions, Results
Authors: Zelenskii Aleksandr Stepanovich
Published: January 2022

Some principles, in accordance with which admission to the lyceum mathematical class is organized, are formulated in the chapter. Written entrance work and oral interview are described. It is told about the use of algorithmic puzzles for diagnostic purposes. The expediency of transition to the profile class of students with different mental abilities is analyzed. Some features of learning technology are described.
In Vitro Investigation of Renal Cell Carcinoma Response to Combination Sorafenib and Cryoablation Treatment
Authors: M. Baust John , L. Santucci Kimberly , K. Snyder Kristi , Robilotto Anthony , G. Baust John , Van Buskirk Robert G. , J. Polascik Thomas , M. Baust John
Published: January 2022

The 5-year survival rate for localized kidney cancer is 93%, but only 13% for those presenting with metastatic disease (2019 SEER data). Cryosurgery is an established treatment modality for renal cell cancer (RCC), with outcomes showing equipoise to radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and partial nephrectomy. Sorafenib is a targeted therapy for RCC utilized in more advanced stage diseases. Given the success of both cryoablation and sorafenib as monotherapies for RCC, in this study, we investigated the cellular response of RCC to combinatorial sorafenib pre-treatment and cryoablation in vitro using cell culture and tissue-engineered tumor models. In vitro samples were exposed to a single or repeat (double) 5-minute freeze at -10°C, -15°C, or -20°C representing temperatures within the periphery of a cryolesion. A repeat freeze to -20°C was necessary to fully ablate samples yielding day 1 viability of 2.9% (±0.2) with no recovery observed over the 7 days post-treatment culture. These findings were consistent with published data on the lethal temperature in RCC, suggesting that -25°C is necessary to destroy RCC following a single freeze event. Pre-treatment of samples with sorafenib at concentrations of 10.61 and 21.21 µM (½ clinical and clinical dose, respectively) was combined with a single or repeat 5-minute freeze to -10°C, -15°C, or -20°C. At the time of drug removal (day 0/pre-freeze), 10.61 µM sorafenib treated samples yielded 25.3% (±0.4) viability, yet samples regrew to control levels by day 7. Following combination freeze and sorafenib exposure, sample viability was found to be 27.5% (±0.7), 2.9% (±0.4), and 0.2% (±0.02) following a single freeze and 15.6% (±0.5), 0.7% (±0.1), and 0.1% (±0.01) following a repeat (double freeze), respectively. Regrowth was observed over the 7-day assessment period in samples exposed to a -10°C single or double freeze and a -15°C single freeze, but not in the -20°C single freeze or -15°C double freeze conditions. Thus, pre-treatment with 10.61 µM sorafenib was found to increase the minimum lethal temperature from the reported -25°C to -20°C following a single freeze event and from -20°C to -15°C following a double freeze. Results of the cell culture studies were confirmed in the 3D tissue-engineered tumor model, wherein the combination of 10.61 µM sorafenib and freezing was found to further increase the lethal temperature from <-20°C to -15°C following a single freeze event. This increased freeze susceptibility yielded a 32% improvement in the overall ablative volume of the ice ball following combinatorial treatment versus freezing alone. These in vitro results suggest that the combination of sorafenib and cryoablation may provide a possible combinatorial treatment path for RCC.
COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT EFFORTS THROUGH COLLECTING COIN FUNDS IN NGRONGGOT VILLAGE, NGRONGGOT DISTRICT, NGANJUK REGENCY
Authors: Afandi Moh. Hasyim , Arifin Zainal , Saikhon Muhammad , Ramdhan Tri Wahyudi
Published: January 2022

Nahdlatul Ulama, the majority of whose members are mostly from the lower class,initiated to collect coins from members. Regardless of the rich or poor all members areasked to participate. On this basis, the aim of the Coin Care Movement Program is themovement of the NU population to collect coins from the houses of Nahdliyin residentswhose benefits are to solve various problems in aspects of life and realize Jam'iyyahindependence. The results of the mentoring activities obtained were (1) the condition ofthe Ngronggot village community before the mentoring although the spirit of diversityand social solidarity was very high but still individual, (2) The form of the assistanceactivities carried out included awareness of their potential so that they always thinkpositively, and vocational training the following applications so that new entrepreneursemerge (3) After the mentoring program is complete, community trust in self-potential,both economic and religious, emerges together to support each other both in religious andsocial activities.
PROTOKOL KESEHATAN DALAM MENGHADAPI NEW NORMAL DI KAMPUS
Authors: Indah Meilya Farika , Hartono Rudi , Fadillah Aris
Published: January 2022

Virus Covid19 memiliki karakter yang sangat mudah menular dan sangat cepatpenularannya, sehingga WHO menetapkan penularannya merupakan pandemi global.Tanda-tanda umum infeksi termasuk gejala pernapasan, demam, batuk, sesak napas dankesulitan bernafas. Pada kasus yang lebih parah, infeksi dapat menyebabkan pneumonia,sindrom pernapasan akut, gagal ginjal, dan bahkan kematian. Rekomendasi standar untukmencegah penyebaran infeksi termasuk mencuci tangan secara teratur, menutupi mulutdan hidung ketika batuk dan bersin, memasak daging dan telur dengan matang sempurna.Hindari kontak dekat dengan siapa pun yang menunjukkan gejala penyakit pernapasanseperti batuk dan bersin. Protocol kesehatan tentunya harus diterapkan di lembagapendidikan, dimana meskipun pembelajaran masih dilakukan secara daring, akan tetapikegiatan administrasi kampus tetap harus berjalan. Hal ini menuntut kampus agarmenerapkan protocol kesehatan sesuai dengan kebijakan kementrian pendidikan dankebudayaan RI, bahwa wajibnya bagi lembaga pendidikan tinggi untuk menyediakanwashtafel, hand sanitizer, melakukan streriliasai ruangan, mewajibkan semua civitasakademika menggunakan masker dan menjaga jarak aman. Dalam rangkamensosialisasikan protocol kesehatan dalam menghadapi New Normal di Kampus, perludisampaikan dengan berbagai metode salah satunya dengan memanfaatkan media social,salah satunya instagram. Melalui metode ini, diharapkan sosialisasi akan lebih efektif dandapat tersebar ke khalayak yang tidak hanya Mahasiswa tapi juga remaja yang palingmendominasi pengguna media social ini.
KETAHANAN KELUARGA DALAM MENGHADAPI PANDEMI COVID-19 DAN PASKA COVID-19 DI KELURAHAN SABARU KALIMANTAN TENGAH
Authors: Nurbudiyani Iin , Rahmaniati Rita , Umaternate Agustinawati , Adawiyah Rabiatul , Hafid Istiqamah
Published: January 2022

Kasus pandemi Covid-19 membuat krisis kesehatan dan berdampak pada pemasalahanpermasalahanmental dan ekonomi. Jumlah yang semakin banyak terkonfirmasi, semakinhari semakin bertambah, sehingga Palangka Raya melalui Surat Keputusan MenteriKesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor HK. 01.07/MENKES/294/2020 tentang PenetapanPembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar di Wilayah Kota Palangka Raya Provinsi KalimantanTengah dalam Rangka Percepatan Penanganan Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19).Beberapa aktivitas diluar mengalami pembatasan, sehigga semakin membuat sebagianmasyarakat resah dengan kondisi ekonominya. Perlu adanya kegiatan-kegiatan yangdapat memberikan tawaran solusi lainnya yang dapat meningkatkan keahlian yang dandilakukan oleh masyarakat secara terus-menerus selama pandemi ini berlangsung bahkansetelah pandemi ini selesai. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untukmemberikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kepada orangtua tentang perilaku hidupbersih dan sehat, cara membuat aquaphonik, serta cara menurunkan kecemasan denganteknik deep breathing (bernafas dalam-dalam). Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan PKMmeliputi beberapa tahap yaitu observasi, pelaksanaan, pendampingan, dan evaluasiprogram. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat ini menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman sasaranmeningkat, dapat dilihat dari peningkatan hasil postes yang diberikan setelah kegiatanberlangsung, meningkatnya kemandirian dalam ketahanan pangan keluarga, dankecemasan yang berkurang.
BRIEF OVERVIEW OF DOMESTIC SOFTWARE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF GEOINFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS)
Authors: Smirnov S.
Published: January 2022

A small analysis of foreign software for the design of geographic information systems (GIS), which is focused on processing, analysis of spatial and attributive information, has been carried out. The following software tools are considered: ZuluGIS 8.0, GIS "InGeo", "Optimum GIS", GIS "PANORAMA", GeoDraw / GeoGraph (GeoDraf / GeoGraph), GeoConstructor.
OVERVIEW OF BEHAVIORAL ANALYTICS SYSTEMS FOR INFORMATION PROTECTION
Authors: Mironova N. , Chupeeva L.
Published: January 2022

Methods of behavioral analysis came into business and management practice from psychology, and in recent years have found application in the protection of information infrastructure. Behavioral analysis technologies have been developed and implemented in the form of information security software abroad; now they are all actively used by Russian companies to detect and respond to information security threats. User and Software Entity Behavior Analysis (UEBA) automatically detects suspicious user activity or other events in the protected information infrastructure that indicate the risk of a threat being implemented in order to promptly suppress such threats. An analytical review of specific implementations of UEBA technology for solving information security problems has been performed.
PART 1. ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC RATIONALITY INDUSTRIAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL ILSGP
Authors: Leontiev R. , Arhipova Y.
Published: January 2022

The article formulates the first part of the procedure for a step-by-step assessment using the method of a point scale of levels of social rationality of a real or developed (current, implemented, planned for implementation) integrated logistics system of the mining industry according to production and technological evaluation criteria of the second type classification.
NON-RECIPROCABLE TOKENS AS UTILITARIAN DIGITAL RIGHTS
Authors: Rodionov I.
Published: January 2022

Non-interchangeable tokens (NFT) mediate crypto art, digital collectibles, online games. They can grant patent rights or other intellectual property rights, rights to real estate, jewelry, vehicles, licenses and financial documents generate many legal consequences, which include, among other things, simplification of the turnover of intellectual property, contractual relations and consumer protection and require its understanding as a type of digital rights. At the same time, it should be recognized that despite the peculiarities of NFTs, their legal definition is covered by the category of utilitarian digital rights enshrined in Russian legislation.
DIGITAL TRANSACTIONS: MODERN LEGAL REGULATION AND LAW ENFORCEMENT
Authors: Konovalova T.
Published: January 2022

This article is devoted to the issues of legal regulation and enforcement in the field of digital transactions and electronic commerce. Legislative acts at the international and national level are considered, the main ideas of the development of legislation and the field of legal regulation of electronic commerce, signs of a digital transaction, and problems of law enforcement are identified.
DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FAMILY GENDER CONTRACT IN POSTTRADITIONAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Basina N.
Published: January 2022

The processes transforming the gender contract of family systems over the past decades are considered. The traditional gender contract has lost its universalism and rigorism. The economic foundation of the family is provided by both sides, i.e. it is divided within the married couple. However, the power of traditional gender role specialization leads to disproportionately excessive participation of women in unpaid domestic service work, which is an important part of the shadow gender contract. The paper analyzes the gender structuring of paid and unpaid maintenance work of family members, the different «temporal density» of leisure time for men and women, the loss of a man's leadership in the family in the conditions of traditional distribution of responsibilities; the conflicting balance of gender roles for women of creative professions.
ADAPTATION OF FOREIGN STUDENTS TO THE CONDITIONS OF THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Kozilova L.
Published: January 2022

The article considers some problems on the part of the university teaching staff in working with foreign students on the example of the Moscow Pedagogical State University. The author offers his own approach to solving problems and further prospects in working with foreign students during their adaptation to the conditions of the educational environment of the university.
NEW HIGH-QUALITY BLACKBERRY GRAPES FOR EXCELLENT WINE PRODUCTION AND ADAPTATION LOWER VOLGA REGION
Authors: Petrova S. , Vorob'yeva O. , Merkuropulos G. , Zamanidi P.
Published: January 2022

Three new high-quality black-berried grape varieties Academician Trubilin, Traminer Cherny and Peter the Great, cultivated in the cover zone on the site of the Study Scientific Production Centre "Gornaya рolyana", were investigated. The paper presents morphophysiological, phenotypic features of varieties according to the international OIV methodology. A new system of grape bushes management in the cover zone is described. Brief characteristics of three new varieties and wines made from the studied grape varieties are given.
POJĘCIE DOBRA I WARTOŚCI WEDŁUG OSHO
Authors: Hrehorowicz Artur
Published: January 2022

Artykuł dotyczy problemu dobra i wartości w myśli Osho. Nawiązując do prac tego hinduskiego guru i filozofa, autor rekonstruuje kolejno sposób ich poznania oraz sposób ich istnienia. Broni tezy, że w myśli Osho analiza kryteriów dotyczących poznania wartości poprzedza jego refleksję na temat ich ontycznego statusu. Dobro i wartość mają bowiem charakter egzystencjalny i nie są przedmiotem poznania teoretycznego ani przedmiotem języka deskrypcyjnego, lecz stanowią rezultat relacyjno-subiektywnego sposobu ich ujmowania. Autor dowodzi, że w myśli Osho jest to zamierzona strategia, ponieważ dzięki temu nie abstrahuje się ani od podmiotowego zaangażowania, ani od empirycznego konkretu sytuacji, w jakiej znajduje się podmiot.
ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚĆ CYWILNOPRAWNA ZA SZKODĘ W ŚRODOWISKU – POJĘCIE, ZAKRES, PODSTAWY *
Authors: Littwin Damian
Published: January 2022

Artykuł jest próbą odpowiedzi na pytania o zakres pojęcia szkody w środowisku i zbadania granic i podstaw odpowiedzialności cywilnej za wspomnianą szkodę. Omawiana odpowiedzialność rozpatrywana jest na trzech płaszczyznach: odpowiedzialności prewencyjnej, odpowiedzialności odszkodowawczej oraz odpowiedzialności ubezpieczeniowej. W badaniach wykorzystano metodę dogmatyczno-prawną oraz analizę funkcjonalną jako podstawowe metody badawcze w badaniu prawa. Badania zostały oparte na analizie przepisów Kodeksu cywilnego, ustaw szczególnych oraz wybranych ogólnych warunków ubezpieczenia. Artykuł kończą wnioski dotyczące zakresu odpowiedzialności cywilnej, możliwych podstaw tejże odpowiedzialności oraz roli ubezpieczeń jako potencjalnego, podstawowego mechanizmu służącego kompensacji szkód środowiskowych
Ametrina em corpos hídricos da bacia do botafogo, litoral norte de Pernambuco
Authors: De Albuquerque Junior Eden Cavalcanti , Dos Santos Rodrigues Helio Oliveira
Published: January 2022

No litoral norte do Estado de Pernambuco, a bacia hidrográfica do Botafogo estende-se por cerca de 480 km². Na região está o único reservatório de água do Litoral Norte do Estado, integrado ao sistema de abastecimento de água da Região Metropolitana do Recife. A cana-de-açúcar é a atividade agrícola predominante na região e dentre os impactos ambientais causados por essa atividade encontra-se a contaminação de recursos hídricos e solo por pesticidas comumente utilizados nesses cultivos. Foi avaliada a incidência do herbicida Ametrina em corpos hídricos, cituados na bacia do Botafogo. Foi utilizado um cromatógrafo líquido com espectrômetro de massas acoplado para quantificação dos resultados. Os resultados comprovam a contaminação dos corpos hídricos pelo uso do herbicida Ametrina, e para esse químico, não existe limite máximo permitio na Portaria de Consolidação Nº 5 – MS/2017. O estudo permite reflexão da legislação com finalidade de melhoria no monitoramento dos corpos hídricos no Brasil.
ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНО-ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНІ ПРІОРИТЕТИ ВИРІШЕННЯ ЕКОЛОГІЧНИХ І ПРОМИСЛОВИХ ПРОБЛЕМ КРИВБАСУ
Authors: Vilkul Yu. H. , Skachkov A. A. , Zhukov S. O.
Published: January 2022

Мета дослідження – визначити сучасний стан та тенденції в гірничій галузі України; екологічні умови Кривбасу та технологічні можливості зменшення сейсмічних наслідків масових вибухів у кар’єрах. Методи дослідження полягають в техніко-економічному аналізі гірничовидобувної промисловості України, і в теоретичному обґрунтуванні технологічних рішень, що зменшують негативний вплив відкритих розробок на навколишнє середовище.Досліджено стан та еволюційні тенденції гірничовидобувної промисловості України за останні десять років, а також вплив гірничовидобувних підприємств на довкілля Кривбасу. Визначено, що найбільш екологічно агресивним фактором серед технологічних процесів є вибухове руйнування гірських порід. Аналіз розробки кар’єрів № 3 «АрселорМіттал Кривий Ріг» та «ПівдГЗК» свідчить про їх просторове сполучення у найближчі роки. Безпосередня ліквідація скельного ціліка між кар’єрами ускладнюється, як просторово, так і технологічно, особливо через сейсмічні обмеження, але розроблені авторами рішення та заходи максимально спрощують й убезпечують цю стадію.Висновки. Адаптація авторського аналітичного обґрунтування технології руйнування гірських порід до специфічних умов ліквідації гірського масиву, який розділяє сусідні кар’єри, є реально перспективною.Наукова новизна дослідження полягає у розгляді суміжнихкар’єрів як єдиної складної динамічної системи. Крім того, – в адаптації авторського аналітичного обґрунтування технології вибухового руйнування порід до конкретних умов ліквідації масиву, що розділяє сусідні кар’єри.Практичне значення полягає в тому, що результати досліджень визначаються високим рівнем придатності для їх використання при проектуванні гірничих робіт кар’єрів «АрселорМіттал Кривий Ріг» і «ПівдГЗК».
ВОДОРЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ДРЕНАЖНО-МОДУЛЬНИМИ СИСТЕМАМИ НА ОСУШУВАНИХ ЗЕМЛЯХ
Authors: Tkachuk M. M. , Tkachuk R. M. , Biletskyi A. A.
Published: January 2022

У статті розглянуто водорегулювання дренажно-модульними системи з різнорівневим підключенням регулюючих дрен на осушуваних землях, приведено схеми їх конструктивних параметрів. Наведено результати досліджень та методи розрахунку параметрів цих систем.
РОЗРАХУНОК КОНУСНОГО ФІЛЬТРА ДЛЯ ПОПЕРЕДНЬОГО ОЧИЩЕННЯ ВОДИ
Authors: Herasуmov H. H. , Gerasimov Ie. G. , Ivanov S. Yu.
Published: January 2022

В статті розглянуто конструкцію конусного фільтра для попереднього механічного очищення води, який розташовується всерединінапірного трубопроводу насосної станції. Виконаний розрахунокпроцесів внутрішнього і зовнішнього промивання сітчастого полотна фільтра і забезпечення допустимої швидкості обертання промивної флейти В результаті розрахунків визначені основні геометричні і гідравлічні параметри пристрою.
ІНФІЛЬТРАЦІЙНІ БАСЕЙНИ ЗІ ЩЕБЕНЕВИМ ЗАВАНТАЖЕННЯМ ТА РОСЛИННИМ ВЕРХНІМ ШАРОМ В СИСТЕМАХ ДОЩОВОГО ВОДОВІДВЕДЕННЯ
Authors: Tkachuk O. A. , Yaruta Y. V.
Published: January 2022

Наведено фактори, які впливають на вибір для систем дощовоговодовідведення елементів інфільтраційних басейнів зі щебеневимзавантаженням та рослинним верхнім шаром. Запропоновано конструктивні схеми дренажу води та видалення повітря в завантаженнях інфільтраційних басейнів. Визначено їхні основні параметри та наведено приклад розрахунків на основі запропонованої методики.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN MODEL PROJECT BASED LEARNING BERBASIS VIDEO VLOG DALAM PROSES PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH
Authors: Adela Farena , Ahyani Nur , Nindiati Dina Sri
Published: January 2022

Model pembelajaran merupakan suatu struktur pembelajaran yang telah disusun, didesain, dan ditetapkan untuk mencapai suatu tujuan pembelajaran yang diinginkan. Adapun masalah di dalam penelitian ini ialah adakah pengaruh penerapan model project based learning berbasis video vlog dalam proses pembelajaran sejarah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh penerapan model project based learning berbasis video vlog dalam proses pembelajaran sejarah. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X di UPT SMA Negeri 7 Banyuasin dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X IPS 2 dengan jumlah siswa 15 orang sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas X IPS 1 dengan jumlah siswa 15 orang sebagai kelas kontrol. Dari hasil penelitian terbukti bahwa â€œada pengaruh penerapan model project based learning berbasis video vlog dalam proses pembelajaran sejarahâ€. Dengan nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen 83 sedangkan kelas kontrol 55, sehingga di dapat thitung =12.02 danttabel =1,701. Dengan ini dapat disimpulkan thitung>ttabel sehingga Hoditolak dan Ha diterima.
PEMIKIRAN ABDUL MUKTI ALI SEBAGAI SUMBER PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH DI SMA PATRA MANDIRI 1 PALEMBANG
Authors: Saputra Andika Merryanto , Suriadi Aan , Zamhari Ahmad
Published: January 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menerapkan metodologi penulisan sejarah untuk mengkaji secara mendalam. Menjadi bahan rujukan, melatih dan meningkatkan daya pikir dalam penulisan sejarah. Penelitian ini menggunakan penulisan studi kepustakaan, yaitu memanfaatkan sumber perpustakaan untuk memperoleh data-data penelitian. Dengan studi kepustakaan membatasi kegiatan penelitian hanya pada bahan-bahan koleksi perpustakaan saja tanpa harus melakukan penelitian lapangan. Adapun langkah-langkah yang dilakukan dalam penulisan ini terdiri dari heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, historiografi. Dalam penulisan penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa. 1) Konsep pemikiran pendidikan Abdul Mukti Ali dapat disimpulkan bahwa peran agama dalam pendidikan menjadi bagian teratas untuk membangun Indonesia. Dalam memahami agama Abdul Mukti Ali juga mencetuskan ilmu metodologi agama yang berusaha menghubungkan tujuan dibentuknya manusia yaitu sebagai hamba dan pemimpin dengan tujuan pendidikan. 2) Kontribusi pemikiran Abdul Mukti Ali dalam menegakan antar umat beragama di Indonesia, menyentuh dua aspek, yakni aspek keilmuan dan relasi sosial. Pada aspek keilmuan ditandai dengan tampilnya perbandingan agama sebagai ilmu pengetahuan yang begitu penting untuk memahami dan menyikapi keragaman agama. 3) Abdul Mukti Ali menjadi menteri pada masa Orde Baru yaitu pada kebinet Pembangunan II dengan transisi waktu 28 Maret 1973 sampai 29 Maret 1978. Pada masa itu, banyak perubahan yang telah dilakukan dan itu memberikan dampak besar terhadap pendewasaan berfikir masyarakat Indonesia.
POLA SEBARAN PERMUKIMAN DI KOTA KAYU AGUNG
Authors: Wardana I Made lingga , Sukardi Sukardi , Wandiyo Wandiyo
Published: January 2022

Pola permukiman adalah tempat manusia bermukim dan melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari bentuk penyebaran penduduk dapat dilihat dari beberapa kondisi alam dan aktivitas peduduk faktor yang mempengaruhi pola permukiman ialah relif, bentuk permukaan bumi terdiri dari relif-relif seperti pergunungan, dataran rendan, pantai dan perbukitan ada pula dengan kesuburan tahan. Metode penelitian digunakan sebagai cara peneliti dalam pengumpulan data penelitiannya. Dalam penelitian kualitatif cara yang dilalukan dengan variasi yaitu angket, wawancara, pengamatan atau observasi ke lapangan, tes, dokumentasi terhadap benda-benda sebagai bukti. Dalam penelitian kualitatif, ada empat mencapai keabsaan data, yaitu: keabsahan data antara lain dapat mencakup: derajat kepercayaan (credibility), keralihan (transferability), kebergantungan (dependability), kepastian (confirmbility), dan dapat dengan hanya triangulasi. hasil dari penelitian ini adalah pola sebaran permukiman di Kota Kayu Agung.
The Epistemology of Pedagogy: A Critical Distinction between the ‘Educated’ and the ‘Learned’
Authors: Ibiyemi Sheriff Olasunkanmi
Published: January 2022

In a continent where indices concerning literacy continue to plummet and technological advancement continues to be a mirage, it is urgent to examine the distinction between the qualities and state of being educated, on the one hand and the state of being learned on the other hand. This move is important owing to the level of literacy and education that has yielded almost no tangible result in 21st century Africa. On the first showing, the terms seem to be synonyms. Upon a critical reflection however, it soon becomes clear that this cannot be. This conviction is discernable once the method of analysis is applied to each of these terms with Africa in mind. The foremost purpose of this research, therefore, is to argue that these terms are not synonymous, much as they hold so similar implications for Africa and Africans concerning their epistemic leaning toward human and educational development. As a result, the principal motivation of the present disquisition is to employ an epistemic basis to foreground the parallels and departures between these two concepts that have usually been taken for granted as synonymous or interchangeable. The motivation to explore the epistemic alternative is motivated by the urgency to provide an impartial umpire in epistemology to mediate the places of similitude and radical departures between the ‘educated’ and the ‘learned.’ As a consequence, this study infers that much as the two concepts are intertwined there are places of deep divergence which allows the ‘educated’ to be much more sophisticated compared to the ‘learned.’ For its purpose, this study forays into various discourses that seems to underscore the distinction between the ‘learned’ and the ‘educated’ from an epistemic perspective. This is due to the pertinence for justifying the arguments marshaled and in line with the method of philosophical analysis, which is being deployed in this study.
Qualifications, learning outcomes and competencies. Terminological problems
Authors: Kovtunets Volodymyr , Polishchuk Nadiya
Published: January 2022

The study of modern approaches to terminology in the system of qualifications, education and assessment is based on language sources in Ukrainian and English, legal documents of Ukraine and the European Union. The authors argue that in accordance with the legislation of Ukraine and the legislation of the European Union and the view of modern researchers of the purpose of learning, the results of the learning process should be formulated in terms of learning outcomes, not in terms of competencies. Competence in this sense means a person's ability to apply learning outcomes to achieve certain goals. The strict separation of learning outcomes and competencies has been confirmed by ISO standards and the new version of the European Qualifications Framework (2017). Learning outcomes should be interpreted much more broadly than the amount of knowledge and skills, they may include values, attitudes and so on. This approach is partially supported by the new legislation of Ukraine on education (2014-2017). Ukrainian law requires that learning outcomes be measurable.

An important remark concerns the interpretation of the term skills in Ukrainian. The Ukrainian language implies two meanings of this term: the skill as the ability to perform an activity that requires some thought and planning ("uminnia"), and the skill as the ability to perform the simplest stereotypical action, which becomes a habit (“navychka”). This feature of the Ukrainian language is reflected in the laws and allows to assess skills more elegant.

Excluding competencies from the list of learning outcomes does not deny the importance of competency-based learning and competency assessment, but helps to clarify these approaches.
Frontline Health achievements in harmonizing measurement and generating evidence on community health system performance
Authors:   Frontline Health Project
Published: January 2022

As the global health community demonstrates an increasing commitment to investing in community health workers (CHWs) to achieve universal health coverage in lower- and middle-income countries, the need to effectively measure community health system performance is paramount. Embedded in the Integrating Community Health partnership (2017–2021), with support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Population Council and Last Mile Health co-led the Frontline Health (FLH) project, a four-year research, policy, and advocacy initiative aimed at developing core metrics and CHW reform processes, advancing their adoption, and promoting institutionalization of robust community health policies. This brief describes the Population Council’s notable achievements and recommendations under FLH regarding CHW performance measurement, as well the top five research findings in five diverse countries: Bangladesh, Haiti, Kenya, Mali, and Uganda.
Power distribution in ambiguous times: The effects of the financial crisis on executive decision-making in Germany and Spain
Authors: Fleischer Julia , Parrado Salvador
Published: January 2022

This article examines the dynamics of executive decision-making in Germany and Spain during the global financial and economic crisis between 2008 and 2009. It applies the power-distributional approach and argues that distinct features of the institutional context affect the institutionalisation of decision-making arrangements during crises. In particular, it examines how the principles structuring cabinet and the nexus between the executive and the legislative influence the change or inertia of arrangements for executive decision-making. The comparative analysis reveals that both countries experienced a centralisation of executive decisionmaking, albeit less in Germany than in Spain. These differences are caused by the institutional setting of both countries constraining the Chancellor’s authority in Germany and permitting the dominance of the Spanish Prime Minister (PM) in cabinet. Furthermore, the relationships between the executive and the legislative obstruct a strong centralisation of executive decision-making in Germany, also because party-political actors are aligned to compromises in the executive, and facilitate a centralisation of executive decision-making in Spain, supported by extraordinary law-making procedures which have been applied in order to circumvent parliamentary and thus party-political debates.
The Optimization Using Electric Ground Support Equipment in Aviation Industry
Authors: Sari Mustika , Wan Mohamed Wan Mazlina , Jalil Siti Ayu
Published: January 2022

An airport is one of the country's infrastructures that provides air transportation services. In providing its services, To ensure aircraft safety, airports must conform to a set of international technical operating standards and planned operating procedures. In addition, airports also have a social responsibility to prevent pollution and support eco green. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a benefit cost analysis using electric ground support equipment in  aviation industry, both for using e-GSE using diesel and using e-GSE using electricity. The method used in this research is the Benefit Cost Ratio method. Based on the research results, it shows that the use of e-GSE using both diesel and electricity is feasible because it has an net present value (NPV) value of more than 0. However, when compared with the assumption of 25 years of use, the use of e-GSE using diesel is considered more profitable than using electricity.
The Impact of Urbanization on Energy Demand: An Empirical Evidence from Somalia
Authors: Warsame Abdimalik Ali
Published: January 2022

Somalia is recovering from a long-period of civil unrest and political instability. The urbanized population are growing at unprecedented growth rate which ultimately results in an increase in energy demand. To this end, this study assesses the effect of urbanization on energy demand in Somalia while controlling the effects of economic growth and population growth. To achieve the aim, the study employs fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS), canonical cointegration regression (CCR) and impulse response function (IRF) with time series data spanning from 1990 to 2018. Before the long-run model estimation, the study utilizes Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Philips’s Perron (PP) tests to check the unit root problem, and they demonstrate that all the variables are stationary at first difference I (1). Furthermore, the empirical results indicate that urbanization impedes energy consumption, whereas economic growth and population growth increase energy demand in the long-run. Besides, the result of IRF demonstrate that one standard deviation shock in urbanization (lnUB) results in energy consumption to decrease (lnEC) in the whole 10 periods. This calls for the Somali policy makers to consider urbanization as an effective determinant while targeting energy conservation policy in order to mitigate the fossil fuel energy use.
The Impact of Oil Prices on the Stock Market and Real Exchange Rate: The Case of Kazakhstan
Authors: Kelesbayev Dinmukhamed , Myrzabekkyzy Kundyz , Bolganbayev Artur , Baimaganbetov Sabit
Published: January 2022

In this study, the relationship between KASE stock market closing prices and oil prices is analyzed using ADF and Zivot-Andrews' (1992) unit root tests and monthly data for the period of 2016-2021. First, the variables are tested for causality. Results show that there is a causal relationship between the real exchange rate and closing prices and between oil prices and the real exchange rate. The short-term effects of the variables are investigated using the VAR method. Results show that Brent crude oil prices have a positive effect on KASE closing prices, while the real exchange rate has a negative effect. In conclusion, changes in oil prices affect the formation of stock prices.
Grid-connected Electricity Generation Potential from Energy Crops: A Case Study of Marginal Land in Thailand
Authors: Pratumwan Thanarat , Tia Warunee , Nathakaranakule Adisak , Soponronnarit Somchart
Published: January 2022

This paper provides an assessment of the geographical potential of grid-connected electricity generation from the planting of energy crops using GIS while also estimating the levelized costs of electricity (LCOE) under three biomass-prices scenarios. To avoid competition for land use between food and energy crops, marginal land or unsuitable areas (low soil fertility) were used as case study sites for planting energy crops (Napier grass). The total estimated potential based on the location of energy crops and electrical substations was 11,224 MW or 66,367 GWh/y, equivalent to approximately 26.5% of Thailand's total electricity demand in 2037. The LCOEs under the three scenarios ranged from 0.103 to 0.120 USD/kWh for a 9MW capacity power plant, which were lower than the feed-in tariff rate. The results of economic assessment under three scenarios showed positive NPV values but relatively long discounted payback periods. The project and equity IRR ranged from 11.94 to 14.04% and 24.40 to 30.89%, respectively. These findings can be used for land-use planning and energy crop promotion to increase the share of grid-power generation from biomass.
Asymmetric Relationship between Exchange Rate Volatility and Oil Price: Case Study of Thai-Baht
Authors: Harnphattananusorn Supanee
Published: January 2022

This paper aims to investigate asymmetric relationship between exchange rate volatility and oil price using a nonlinear auto-regressive distribution Lag (NARDL) developed by Shin et al. (2014). This technique allow us for estimating asymmetric long-run as well as short-run coefficients in a cointegration framework. For exchange rate volatility measurement, GARCH (1,1) model is applied. We use monthly data from January 2000 to June 2021. The results show that there are asymmetric impacts of oil price shocks on Thailand exchange volatility both in the long run and short run.Moreover, both positive and negative shocks on stock price index increase exchange volatility in the short run.
Opiophobia in Palliative Care: Conquering the Last Hill
Authors: Tahmasebi Mamak
Published: January 2022

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Strategies for Breast Cancer Surgery During & After COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lissidini Germana , Farante Gabriel , Vila Vives Jose Maria , Ahmed Ashoor Arwa , Toesca Antonio , Ripoll-Orts Francisco , Arnone Paolo , Curigliano Giuseppe , Veronesi Paolo
Published: January 2022

Background: In December 2019, a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2), also named “COVID-19”, has produced a global pandemic and has seriously affected many health systems around the world. Since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the novel COVID-19 outbreak as a global pandemic, many international societies and groups of experts have published clinical guidelines and recommendations for surgical management of breast cancer patients in this time of crisis and issued COVID guidelines to prioritize surgery where time is critical and it cannot be deferred.Methods: In this study, we review current recommendations for breast cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and propose a plan for future waves of the current pandemic while minimizing the risk of the contagious disease and oversaturating the health systems regarding the burden of accumulating untreated disease.Results: We create a critical and constructive vision from learnt lessons for similar future situations and propose a moving forward plan during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.  Conclusion: Although in many parts of world, it would appear that now we are past the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, we still face as uncertainty as to the future course of the pandemic and the challenges of the second wave. It is important to reappraise continuously the guidance and to emphasize the need for new protocols under new norms to continue to deliver breast cancer surgery safely.
Quality of Life Concerns of Young Breast Cancer Survivors in the U.S. Gulf States by Race at Treatment and One-year Post-treatment
Authors: Williams Donna , Chiu Yu-Wen , Khorsandi Nikka , Moses Lisa , Craft Barbara
Published: January 2022

Background: Young breast cancer survivors (YBCS) face greater needs than their older counterparts. These needs require characterization for success of breast cancer assistance programs because needs vary by survivor race and where they are in their survivorship journey. This study evaluated quality of life (QOL) for YBCS in three states with poorer survivorship outcomes and identified differences in QOL for white and African American (AA) YBCS.Methods: A survey identifying QOL needs was sent to YBCS in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama. It assessed domains including relationships, women’s health, employment, fertility, and menopause. The survey was resent to participants after one-year completion of the first survey to identify QOL changes.Results: Overall, 371 baseline surveys and 127 follow-up surveys were collected. At baseline, AA YBCS faced more problems in five QOL domains and were less likely to have spoken with healthcare providers about genetic testing for breast cancer than white YBCS. After one year, all YBCS showed improvement in five different QOL domains, but indicated an increase in memory problems. Conclusion: Survey results reflect existing literature that AA YBCS face greater QOL issues as well as disparities in the provision of genetic counseling. Additionally, all YBCS require more counseling from providers related to various physical and psychological symptoms. This survey identified QOL deficiencies faced by YBCS and differences based on survivor race. Defining and understanding these features allows for the development of culturally appropriate programming for survivors, while adapting to YBCS’ QOL changes as they move further from treatment.
Success and resilience factors of rural enterprises in Mexico: RENDRUS case
Authors: Márquez Berber Sergio Roberto , Cordero Cortés Patricia
Published: January 2022

Objective: To identify the success and resilience factors of rural enterprises in Mexico in order to contribute to the theoretical and empirical differentiation of these concepts.
Design/Methodology/Approach: We used the National Network for Sustainable Rural Development Companies as a case study to formulate key questions to identify their success and business resilience factors.
Results: Permanent job creation turned out to be the main success factor, and timely delivery of the product was the main resilience factor.
Study Limitations/Implications: Recognizing the difference between success and resilience factors can help rural enterprises, their leaders, and decision-makers in the rural sector to understand and adjust their operating strategies based on their objectives.
Findings/Conclusions: A success factor is a way to stand out among similar rural enterprises, while a business resilience factor serves to face adversity and continue over time.
Mini grafts: alternative to obtain complete plants of Pinus patula propagated in vitro
Authors: Castillo-Martínez Carlos Román , Guerra de la Cruz Vidal , López Upton Javier
Published: January 2022

Micro-grafting and mini-grafting trials were carried out in order to obtain complete Pinus patula plants generated in vitro, derived from the fact that the formation of roots in micro-propagated shoots is very low or null. On the other hand, there is the possibility of generating clones with outstanding genetic characteristics. P. patula seeds were established in aseptic conditions and geminated in vitro in DCR medium; the aerial part was dissected from the base and roots were kept in DCR medium added with 0.5 mg l-1 of NAA to maintain them and served as mini rootstock, the shoots were transferred to DCR medium added with 2.0 mg l-1 of BA to form seedlings with an average of 3.9 shoots per explant at 30 days. On the other hand, 2-month-old nursery seedlings were used as rootstock for the mini-grafts. For the micro-graft tests, the shoots obtained were taken and the apical meristems with approximately 5 mm were isolated to conduct micro-grafting at the base with roots, and in the case of mini-grafts the shoots generated were allowed to grow to a length of 3 cm on average and grafted onto nursery seedlings. In both cases, the achievement of the grafted materials and the length were evaluated to measure the growth of the materials that had positive success. The response of micro-grafts was very low, 10% success, in addition to the manipulation of the meristems being very complex, which generated oxidation in the tissues. On the contrary, the mini-grafts showed 93.3 of grafting success and average growth of 26.05 cm, two months after the grafting process
Improving the Dance Performance Space in the Pandemic Era through Benjang Mask in Bandung Society
Authors: Salayanti Santi , Widyastutieningrum Sri Rochana , Sunarmi Sunarmi
Published: January 2022

The Benjang performance design after the pandemic has the essence of design value as a medium to get closer to God with the Benjang philosophy, "Bersih hate Handap asor." The concept of "space" and "place" in Benjang's performance during a pandemic is an essential element that cannot be separated from supporting human space. The place element is a constituent component in every performance. Currently, we are in a phase to develop a cultured life, which is Space and more as a place to prove they exist and realize the essence of everyday life after the pandemic. The use of Space in Benjang performance is by the presence of movements with various rhythms and characters who have their respective roles carried Space, which are isn from the personal feelings of each player.
The Analysis of Carrying Capacity for Tourism Object in Melasti Beach Ungasan Bali
Authors: Nugraha Putu Gede Wahyu Satya , Sugihantara I Ketut , Dewi I Gusti Ayu Ratih Permata
Published: January 2022

Carrying capacity (DDK) is the ability of the environment to support human life, other living things, and maintain the balance of the ecosystem. Conditions that over-carrying capacity cause human discomfort and create environmental degradation. Melasti Beach is a tourism object that is in demand by tourists. The frequency of tourist visits continues to increase along with the risk of environmental damage. This study aims to determine the unit of the area, the duration of activities, furthermore to calculate the value of carrying capacity. The data used are primary data obtained by questionnaire method to 50 tourist respondents and secondary data derived from literature study based on conditions in Melasti Beach. The results showed that the average area for tourism activities (Lt) was 232.7 m2 and the duration of activities (Wp) was 2.4 hours/day. The total time provided by the beach manager for tourism activities is 12 hours/day and the total area is 94.632 m2. The DDK value at Melasti Beach uses the Lt and Wp values, namely 2.008 people/day, 60.227 people/month and 722.724 people/year. These conditions show that tourist visits to Melasti Beach do not exceed DDK throughout the month and the total number of visits in 2020.
Tokopedia Visual Campaign #banggabuatanindonesia in Supporting the Mar-keting of MSME Products in the Era of the Covid 19 Pandemic
Authors: Arifianto Pungky Febi
Published: January 2022

Tokopedia as the largest e-commerce made in Indonesia, was lined up to be the government's partner in promoting a national campaign called Bangga Buatan Indonesia. This campaign is one of the government's ways to increase people's purchasing power for local products in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic.  As a company engaged in e-commerce technology, Tokopedia has created a special curation page for local products specifically for merchant partners from all over Indonesia, from small-scale micro-scale traders to large traders who originally made in Indonesia.   To introduce this feature, Tokopedia through the #banggabuatanindonesia campaign created a special visual campaign with a variety of media ranging from digital posters, application headers, IG Feed & story templates, to audio-visual media in the form of short videos introducing products made by Indonesian MSMEs. It is hoped that the synergy between Tokopedia and the government will accelerate digital adoption for MSME business actors as well as increase productivity and advance the nation's economy
Spontaneous Recovery of Traumatic Unilateral Superior Oblique Palsy and Ocular Factors for Predicting Prognosis
Authors: Park Hyeongjun , Lee Donghun , Kim Sook Young , Kim Won Jae
Published: January 2022

Purpose: This study evaluated the prognosis of patients with traumatic unilateral superior oblique palsy (SOP) and clinical factors associated with spontaneous resolution.Methods: Medical records of patients with traumatic unilateral SOP who visited two hospitals (Yeungnam University Hospital and Daegu Catholic University Medical Center) between January 2015 and June 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. When traumatic unilateral SOP did not recover within at least 1 year of follow-up, no spontaneous resolution was considered. Both traumatic and ocular factors were evaluated to evaluate their association with spontaneous recovery.Results: Fifty-nine patients (mean age, 52.6 years; 48 male patients) were enrolled in this study. The mean interval from trauma to initial presentation was 3.9 months. The mean vertical deviation at initial presentation was 6.34 ± 5.22 prism diopters (PD) (range, 0–25 PD). During the mean 24.1-month follow-up period, 28 patients (47.5%) achieved spontaneous resolution of SOP. Thirteen patients underwent surgical treatment for SOP. Vertical deviation <6 PD at the initial visit and low fundus torsion in the nonparetic eye and both eyes were significantly associated with spontaneous recovery (p < 0.05, logistic regression analysis). Traumatic factors, including the trauma type, presence of intracranial lesion, loss of consciousness, and Glasgow Coma Scale score, were not associated with spontaneous recovery.Conclusions: In this multicenter study, spontaneously recovery was achieved in 47.5% patients with traumatic unilateral SOP. Even mild head trauma can lead to permanent SOP. Ocular factors, including the angle of deviation and fundus torsion, may better predict spontaneous resolution than traumatic factors in patients with traumatic unilateral SOP.