bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing Localisation in Russia Considering the Country of Origin of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
Authors: Khalimova A. A. , Orlov A. S. , Taube A. A.
Published: February 2024

SCIENTIFIC RELEVANCE. Russia is pursuing a consistent government policy of import substitution and increasing the localisation of pharmaceutical manufacturing. The Strategy for the Development of the Pharmaceutical Industry until 2030 (Pharma-2030) includes the target share of medicinal products from the List of Strategic Medicines that should be fully localised. Since biotechnological medicinal products have high consumption growth rates and are listed as strategic medicines, it is a priority to study their production localisation process.

AIM. This study aimed to analyse the degree of biopharmaceutical manufacturing localisation in Russia, considering the country of origin of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).

MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study used the State Register of Medicines and sales data of the DSM Group marketing agency. The authors used custom software for the Node.js® platform to determine the degree of production localisation.

RESULTS. The analysis showed that the production process was fully localised for 25.6% (in packages) and 26.6% (in roubles) of all biotechnological medicinal products consumed in Russia in 2022. Imported medicinal products dominated the consumption structure, with a share of 33.9% in packages and 31.3% in roubles. Medicinal products with localised secondary packaging accounted for 5.8% in packages and 25.9% in roubles. Finished dosage forms produced using imported APIs had a significant share of 23.7% in packages and 6.2% in roubles. Russian APIs were used to produce 79% of the biotechnological medicinal products listed as strategic medicines, which corresponded to the full localisation of a share of the consumption structure of 10.8% in packages and 32.3% in roubles.

CONCLUSIONS. The Russian biotechnological market remains heavily dependent on imported finished medicinal products and APIs. Although the Pharma-2030 target for the production of strategic biotechnological products has been achieved, the quantitative indicators show the necessity to increase output and localisation.
Digital Health: A Stagnant Revolution Despite Ourselves
Authors: Connors, MD J. Michael
Published: February 2024

Op-Ed on the current stagnation in what should be great promise for digital health to improve outcomes and lower costs.
Pentingnya Pemahaman Guru Paud Terhadap Perkembangan Motorik AUD
Authors: Wulandari Hayani , Lestari Liana
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pentingnya pemahaman guru PAUD terhadap perkembangan motorik anak usia dini. Pada usia dini anak memiliki periode yang penting dalam masa perkembangannya, dan hal penting untuk diperhatikan baik oleh orangtua maupun guru PAUD. Guru PAUD memiliki peran penting dalam memfasilitasi dan mendukung perkembangan motorik anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi literatur, yaitu memperoleh dan mengumpulkan data terkait melalui buku, jurnal, artikel yang sesuai dengan tema yang dibahas. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemahaman guru PAUD terhadap perkembangan motorik pada anak sangat penting dalam proses kegiatan belajar.  Pemahaman guru PAUD tentang perkembangan motorik anak usia dini pencakup pengetahuan tentang tahapan perkembangan motoric anak secara normal dan strategi pembelajaran yang sesuai. Keterbatasan dalam pemahaman guru PAUD terhadap perkembangan motorik anak usia dini dapat menghambat proses kemajuan anak dalam mencapai kemampuan motoric yang sesuai usianya. Dalam hal ini diperlukan pemahaman dan pelatihan guru PAUD secara terus menerus.Kata kunci: Guru, Motorik, AUD
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM PENGENDALI SUHU DAN KELEMBABAN PADA KUMBUNG JAMUR TIRAM BERBASIS ARDUINO
Authors: Imron Muhammad , Mahmuri Mahmuri
Published: February 2024

Jamur tiram adalah salah satu dari spesies jamur yang membutuhkan kondisi lingkungan khusus dan berbeda jika dibandingkan dengan tumbuh-kembangan lainnya. Suhu dan kelembaban adalah faktor penting yang dapat mempengaruhi tumbuh-kembang-kembangnya jamur tiram. Pertumbuh-kembangan jamur tiram akan  optimal jika berada pada kondisi suhu 22 – 28 ºC dan kelembaban 80 – 95 %. Budidaya jamur tiram yang ada dalam kumbung adalah upaya mengendalikan suhu dan kelembaban optimal untuk pertumbuh-kembangan jamur. Saat ini pengendalian suhu dan kelembaban dalam kumbung ternyata masih banyak dilakukan secara manual, hal ini dianggap kurang efektif sehingga akan berdampak pada produktifitas jamur tiram. Perkembangan teknologi yang ada memberikan pilihan lain untuk menciptakan sistem control suhu dan kelembaban dalam kumbung jamur secara otomatis. Maka dari itu, dalam penelitian ini dirancang sebuah sistem untuk mengendalikan suhu dan kelembaban dalam kumbung jamur secara otomatis berbasis Arduino Uno. Penelitian ini menyajikan sistem pengendali suhu dan kelembaban pada kumbung jamur tiram yang berbasis  Arduino Uno yang dapat meningkatkan efektifitas control suhu dan kelembaban pada kumbung  jamur yang dalam hal ini lebih mudah dalam pengoperasian, praktis dalam perakitan, dan memiliki perawatan yang lebih mudah. Sistem ini dapat membantu para pembudidaya jamur tiram baik yang terlatih maupun yang belum. Pada penelitian berikut ini pengujian dan pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan prototype kumbung jamur. Kata kunci:Jamur tiram, Suhu, Kelembaban, Prototype kumbung jamur, Arduino Uno.
Text-to-Speech Technology and Math Performance: A Comparative Study of Students With Disabilities, English Language Learners, and Their General Education Peers
Authors: Wei Xin
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the relationship between text-to-speech (TTS) usage and item-by-item performance in the 2017 eighth-grade National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) math assessment, focusing on students with disabilities (SWDs), English language learners (ELLs), and their general education (GE) peers. Results indicate that all students use TTS more for longer and more difficult math items as well as for multiple-choice or short-response formats. Among SWDs and GE students, lower math proficiency and higher perceived time pressure are linked to higher TTS usage. Moreover, among GE students, factors such as male gender, minority status, lower math persistence, and higher math interest and effort during testing contribute to higher TTS usage. TTS usage is positively associated with item performance for SWDs and ELLs who received extended time accommodations but not for those who did not receive such accommodations or for general education students. The study suggests that the time constraints of speeded digital assessments may limit the potential benefits of TTS for SWDs and ELLs in math problem-solving.
Estimating irrigation water use from remotely sensed evapotranspiration data: Accuracy and uncertainties across spatial scales
Authors: Zipper Sam , Kastens Jude , Foster Timothy , Wilson Blake , Melton Forrest , Grinstead Ashley , Deines Jillian , Butler James , Marston Landon
Published: February 2024

Irrigated agriculture is the dominant use of water globally, but most water withdrawals are not monitored or reported. As a result, it is largely unknown when, where, and how much water is used for irrigation. Here, we evaluated the ability of remotely sensed evapotranspiration (ET) data, integrated with other datasets, to calculate irrigation water withdrawals and applications in an intensively-irrigated portion of the central United States. We compared irrigation calculations based on OpenET data with reported groundwater withdrawals from a flowmeter database and hundreds of farmer irrigation application records at three spatial scales (management area, water right group, and field). We found that ET-based calculations of irrigation exhibited similar temporal patterns as flowmeter data, but tended to be positively biased with substantially more interannual variability than reported pumping rate. Disagreement between ET-based irrigation calculations and reported irrigation was strongly correlated with annual precipitation. Agreement between calculated and observed ET was better for multi-year averages than for individual years across all spatial scales. The selection of an ET model was also an important consideration, as variability in calculated irrigation across an ensemble of satellite-driven ET models was larger than the potential impacts of conservation measures employed in the region. Linking individual wells to specific fields was challenging, but uncertainties in calculating irrigation depths due to the above-mentioned factors exceeded potential uncertainty from irrigation status and field boundary mapping. From these results, we suggest key practices for working with ET-based irrigation data that include accurately accounting for changes in root zone soil moisture for within-season applications, such as irrigation scheduling, and conducting an application-specific evaluation of sources of uncertainty. Remotely-sensed approaches have a high potential for improving scientific research and water resource management through improved spatial and temporal characterization of irrigation, but uncertainties must be resolved to fully realize this potential.
An optimized methane retrieval approach based on Kalman filter for mapping methane point emissions from spaceborne imaging spectrometer
Authors: Feng Chenxi , Li Fei , Roger Javier , Guanter Luis , Chen Huilin , Xie Donglai , Lin Jun , Fan Lanlan , Cai Jianwei , Zhang Yongguang
Published: February 2024

Methane (CH4) emissions from point sources in the energy sector plays a crucial role in global CH4 budget. Spaceborne imaging spectrometer has shown superior ability for monitoring these emission events over large spatial coverages and extended timeframes. Presently, the Matched Filter (MF), which is a data-driven method, is widely employed for satellite-based retrieval of CH4 emission flux rates. However, traditional MF method faces challenges such as omission of CH4 plumes and underestimation of CH4 emission flux rate, which may lead to significant uncertainties in the CH4 inventories for the energy industry at global scales. In this study, we propose a new Kalman-Filtering Matched Filter (KMF) algorithm as the improvement of the MF method, incorporating a linear combination of MF results in different CH4 absorption channels to reduce the retrieval bias of point-source CH4 enhancement values. We validate this algorithm in two stages. Retrieval accuracy for the enhancement of column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of CH4 (XCH4) relative to the background (ΔXCH4) is tested using end-to-end simulation and emission-free scenario analysis. Additionally, data from hyperspectral satellites including Chinese Gaofen 5B, Ziyuan 1F, Italian PRISMA, and German EnMAP are used to retrieve CH4 emissions from a ground-based controlled-releasing experiment using our proposed KMF and traditional MF algorithm. We then compare the retrieval results with ground metered-measurements to evaluate the performance on estimating CH4 emission flux rate of our method. The results from end-to-end simulations show that the KMF method exhibits a 34.3% higher fitted-line slope and 25.5% lower root mean square error (RMSE) on ΔXCH4 retrieval compared with MF method. Further analysis in an emission-free scenario indicates that the retrieval precision with the KMF method can improve by up to 42.2% compared to the conventional MF method. Comparison from controlled-releasing experiment data reveals the capability of the KMF method to detect minor CH4 emissions that traditional MF methods fail to identify. Meanwhile, the KMF-based emission rate quantifications have an R2 of 0.99 and a small RMSE of 0.18 ton of CH4 per hour, which shows an approximately 62% reduction on RMSE. We further apply the KMF algorithm to Gaofen 5B and Gaofen 5 data in various regions, including the Delaware Basin (USA), Libya, Oman, and Shanxi (China) from 2021 to 2023, and focus on 16 plumes identified through case studies, highlighting the KMF algorithm's robust detection capabilities for CH4 point source emissions in the energy industry.
Ερωτηματολόγιο Γονεϊκότητας Alabama (ΕΓΑ) – Γονέων (Alabama Parenting Questionnaire [3-6])
Authors: Kypriotaki Maria , Markodimitraki Maria , Charitaki Garyfalia , Amanaki Eirini
Published: February 2024

Σκοπός: Το ερωτηματολόγιο αξιολογεί τις πεποιθήσεις των γονέων σχετικά με την γονεϊκότητα.Σύντομη Περιγραφή: Πρόκειται για ένα ερωτηματολόγιο αυτοαναφοράς, το οποίο αποτελείται από δύο μέρη. Το πρώτο μέρος περιλαμβάνει 17 δημογραφικές ερωτήσεις και το δεύτερο μέρος 18 ερωτήσεις που αξιολογούν πώς αντιλαμβάνονται οι γονείς παιδιών προσχολικής ηλικίας (3-6 ετών)_ τη γονεϊκότητα. Το δεύτερο μέρος αποτελείται από κλειστές ερωτήσεις κλίμακας πεντάβαθμη τύπου Likert (1=ποτέ, 5=πάντα).Τρόπος Βαθμολόγησης:Η βαθμολόγηση γίνεται με τον υπολογισμό του μέσου όρου των βαθμών που αφορούν στις επιμέρους δηλώσεις των αντικειμένων του κάθε παράγοντα.Αξιοπιστία:Σύμφωνα με την έρευνα των Kypriotaki et al. (2023), ο βαθμός αξιοπιστίας των επιμέρους παραγόντων του ερωτηματολογίου κυμαίνεται από .738 έως .888.Κύριες Βιβλιογραφικές Πηγές:Kypriotaki, M., Markodimitraki, M., Charitaki, G., & Amanaki, E. (2023). Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (parent form): Psychometric properties and validation in a population of Greek parents of young children (3-6) with and without disabilities. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 1-11. doi: 10.1177/10664807221151172
Cumulative Inequality and Attitude Formation: How Education Affects Liberal Attitudes Across the Life Course
Authors: Kratz Fabian
Published: February 2024

This study examines how individuals develop distinct attitude patterns over the life course, with a particular focus on the role of educational attainment in shaping trajectories. It differentiates the effects of aging stemming from critical life events from age group differences resulting from observing different people at various life stages (i.e., compositional effects). I formulate propositions on how chronological and social aging affect attitudes, and on how compositional effects may distort findings. To test these propositions, I use extensive multi-cohort panel data from the German Socioeconomic Panel Study (SOEP), employing immigration-related concerns as the primary attitude measure, with additional analyses involving alternative attitude measures and data from the European Social Survey (ESS). The findings suggest that labor market entry, unemployment, marriage, and first-time parenthood have a greater impact on people with lower levels of education, leading to growing education-specific differences as individuals progress through early adulthood. By contrast, attitudes tend to converge among different educational groups in old age, a phenomenon attributable to generational influences rather than the impact of aging itself. These results offer crucial insights into attitude formation processes, the liberalizing impact of education, and the utilization of multi-cohort panel data for assessing the heterogeneous effects of aging.
Система мотивов в лирике Б. Канапьянова
Authors: Нұрғали Қ.Р. , Амангелді М.Д.
Published: February 2024

В статье исследована система мотивов поэтического языка казахстанского поэта Б. Канапьянова, представленная в его лирических произведениях. «Мотивная система» рассмотрена в совокупности ее содержательного и структурного компонентов. Основная задача работы — описать устойчивые мотивы через способы их создания и развития в поэтическом тексте. В качестве исходной позиции принимается существование мотива как в буквальном, так и в образном выражении. В зависимости от способа выражения мотива в тексте выбирается характер его описания. Следует подчеркнуть, что изучение мотивной системы, безусловно, предполагает обращение как к авторской проблематике в общем, так и к конкретному образному ряду. Авторами предпринята попытка определить специфику мотивов лирики Б. Канапьянова в сравнении с общекультурными мотивами, выявить и классифицировать способы и средства их репрезентации в художественных текстах. Важное место занимает проблема структурирования таких субконцептосфер, как «семья», «Родина», «степь», «аул». Выделены их составляющие и определены систематические связи между ними, вычленены и классифицированы основные языковые средства их репрезентации. В результате анализа сделан вывод, что мотивы выполняют различные функции: от  характеристики лирической ситуации до образа, ключевой темы стихотворения. Диапазон осмысления системы мотивов и ее художественного выражения достаточно широк и разнообразен. Их анализ позволяет глубже понять мировосприятие автора, которое воплощается в его поэзии, и вывести осмысление его творчества на новый уровень.
INDO BLACK MAGIC: DAYA PIKAT PEREMPUAN INDONESIA DALAM LAGU JEBUNG & BASBOI
Authors: Saragupita Angela Tanjung
Published: February 2024

Jebung or Jessice Bunga is a newcomer singer whose songs are always unique. One of the songs entitled 'Indo Black Magic' has a theme related to pellets/witchcraft which is still believed by some Indonesian people. This research aims to find out how the image of Indonesian women is depicted in the Jebung song which is related to local myths in Indonesian society. This type of research is qualitative research where this research uses the concept of descriptive content analysis. The research data is in the form of lyrics to the song 'Indo Black Magic' sung by Jebung and Basboi, lyrics transmitted directly from ACUAN Entertainment's YouTube channel without changing the vocabulary and spelling. The data collection technique uses listening and note-taking techniques, then the data is analyzed based on Sara Mills' feminist studies and Roland Barthes' semiotic studies. The results of the research show that there are depictions of Indonesian women who are described based on their ethnicity, including Minang, Batak, Balinese, Dayak and Sundanese. In each lyric, Jebung also inserts a message for women to be confident and proud of the natural beauty they have. Indonesian women don't need to use pellets/witchcraft to attract men, because their charm already radiates and is able to hypnotize anyone who looks at them. Basboi as a rapper also shows his appreciation for Indonesian women who he likens to the natural beauty of Sumba. He values ​​Indonesian women like treasures that must be protected.
PERTURBAÇÕES ANTRÓPICAS E POLUIÇÃO POR LIXO MARINHO NO LITORAL SUL DE ARACAJU: COMPORTAMENTO SOCIAL E AÇÕES PÚBLICAS COMO FATORES DE DEGRADAÇÃO AMBIENTAL
Authors: Knupp de Brito Elaine , Manso Raimundo da Rocha Jorge Alberto
Published: February 2024

O descarte irregular de lixo em ambientes marinhos ou terrestres, a contaminação  ambiental, a urbanização desenfreada e o trânsito de veículos automotores na faixa de areia  representam riscos à vida e à saúde de seres humanos e animais marinhos. Este estudo teve  como objetivo quantificar e classificar os resíduos marinhos antropogênicos encalhados na  praia, além de identificar qualitativamente outras fontes de perturbações  antrópicas no litoral  sul de Aracaju (Sergipe, Brasil). Os resultados apontam para o aumento de 229,8% no volume de resíduos sólidos antropogênicos na faixa de areia em período sem restrições de acesso  relacionados à  pandemia de covid-19, quando comparado a um período com acesso restrito à  praia. Os resíduos plásticos representaram 88,6% do volume total de lixo marinho e as atividades de turismo e recreação nas praias foram as principais fontes de descarte. Outros  impactos antrópicos relacionados a comportamentos sociais foram  identificados, como o  tráfego de veículos automotores nas praias e as ações ineficientes de serviços públicos que colaboraram para o acúmulo de resíduos sólidos na área costeira. Todos os registros mapeados  têm em comum atos de desordem que geram a percepção de  deterioração e de ausência de leis,  normalizando comportamentos nocivos de grande impacto na degradação do ecossistema  marinho.
Palavras-chave: resíduos antropogênicos, poluição marinha, lixo marinho, região Nordeste do Brasil, poluição por plásticos
VULNERABILITY OH FISHES CAUGHT BY TRAP FISHING IN NORTHEASTERN – BRAZIL
Authors: De Souza Junior Leandro Augusto , Marcante Santana Fracisco , Teixeira Lessa Rosângela Paula
Published: February 2024

In Northeastern Brazil, the trap fishing occurs mainly in rocky bottoms and a high diversity of fishes is caught. These characteristics, associated with the growing fishing effort, threat the maintenance of the biodiversity of these environments, since this fishing is not monitored, as a result of the deficiency in public management in monitoring small-scale fishing and in promoting research projects aimed at this objective. Due to the lack of detailed information on trap fisheries, this exploitation is prone to be assessed for impacts using semi-quantitative methods, built for data-poor situations. Our objective was to estimate the degree of vulnerability to trap fishing for the captured species through productivity-susceptibility analysis (PSA), based on data observed during fisheries monitoring and data obtained from the literature. Thus, it was possible to generate the necessary information to assist in the elaboration of management policies for this fishery in Northeastern Brazil. The Haemulidae family was the most abundant among the captured individuals, with Haemulon aurolineatum representing 29.7% of the sample. The PSA indicated that, although all species have high productivity, Pseudopeneus maculatus, Lutjanus synagris and Haemulon plumierii were the most vulnerable species, respectively. Furthermore, from 2000 to 2010 the trap fishing was directed to the P. maculatus; however, we verified a change in the target species, due to the biomass reduction of P. maculatus in the area. Therefore, it seems necessary to reassess this species building a management plan since they were classified by IUCN Red List as Least Concern – LC and according to results of the current study may not be the case anymore.
Keywords: Data-Poor; Fishing effort; Spotted goatfish
ENFERMIDADES VIRAIS EM LAGOSTAS DO GÊNERO Panulirus: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Da Silveira Siqueira Ingrid Luana , Andrade Thays , Dos Santos Rocha Rafael , De Carvalho Gaeta Juliana , Maggioni Rodrigo
Published: February 2024

Lagostas do gênero Panulirus são um importante recurso para a pesca mundial. No entanto,  como todos os  crustáceos marinhos, são acometidas por uma variedade de enfermidades causadas por vírus, bactérias e parasitas. O impacto das enfermidades sobre a disponibilidade desse recurso pesqueiro ainda é pouco estudado e é possível que seja magnificado pelas mudanças climáticas globais em curso. Esta revisão sistemática abordou as patologias virais que infectam lagostas do gênero Panulirus, tendo como objetivo compilar as informações acerca dos sinais clínicos dessas enfermidades, suas características nos tecidos dos animais infectados e as metodologias empregadas para o seu estudo. Até o momento, apenas um vírus específico de lagostas do gênero Panulirus foi identificado e descrito, o Panulirus argus vírus (PaV1). Além dele, já foi registrado nas lagostas espinhosas o vírus da mancha branca (WSSV), que causa uma enfermidade grave em camarões marinhos.
Palavras-chave: Palinuridae, WSSV, PaV1, crustáceos.
CONSTRUINDO UM INDICADOR DE ACESSIBILIDADE AOS PORTOS PÚBLICOS BRASILEIROS
Authors: da Rocha Gonçalves Rodrigo , Pinto Guilherme , Ávila Santos Regina , Da Silva Noda Michel
Published: February 2024

Os portos desempenham um papel estratégico no  crescimento econômico do Brasil. O  aumento das importações e exportações marítimas tem gerado uma crescente demanda por esses  serviços, porém, a ineficiência logística e de transporte tem prejudicado as operações portuárias.  Dessa forma, este artigo desenvolve um índice abrangente de acessibilidade para os portos  brasileiros considerando fatores como  profundidade do calado, conectividade com outros modais  de transporte, distância até as capitais estaduais e qualidade das rodovias de acesso, com o  objetivo de identificar os portos com a melhor acessibilidade no país. Dentre os resultados  identificou-se que os portos mais acessíveis incluem Santos, Itaguaí, Rio de Janeiro, Paranaguá,  São Sebastião e Itaqui, com um índice de acessibilidade superior a 0,60. Por outro lado, portos  como Areia Branca, Ilhéus, Santana, Maceió, Recife, Aratu e Santarém apresentaram os piores  resultados, com índices abaixo de 0,40. Isso destaca a importância da infraestrutura sólida e do  potencial de mercado para melhorar a acessibilidade. Além, foi observado a  necessidade de  investimentos na infraestrutura de transporte aquaviário, especialmente na profundidade do  calado. Portos como Pelotas, Porto Alegre e Estrela foram identificados com os menores calados, registrando índices de acessibilidade extremamente baixos (0,03 e 0,00). Esses resultados têm  implicações importantes para orientar futuros investimentos e melhorias na infraestrutura  portuária brasileira, visando aprimorar a acessibilidade e estimular o comércio marítimo do país.Palavras-chave: Índice de Acessibilidade; Brasil; Nova Geografia Econômica.
PLASTIC DEBRIS USAGE BY TUBE-BUILDING POLYCHAETE Diopatra cuprea COMPLEX
Authors: Cruz da Rosa Leonardo
Published: February 2024

In this short note the plastic debris usage by tube-building polychaete Diopatra cuprea complex  in the tube caps decoration is reported for the first time. Soft plastics attached to tube caps were recorded at a tidal flat in the Sergipe River estuary, northeastern Brazil. This interaction probably reflects an adaptation of this polychaete to a highly polluted environment.
Keywords: pollution, soft plastics, tube caps, decoration.
SOLTURA OU ARREMESSO? A ADOÇÃO DE BOAS PRÁTICAS DE PESCA PODE REDUZIR A MORTALIDADE PÓS-SOLTURA DE UM TUBARÃO CRITICAMENTE AMEAÇADO NA PESCA ARTESANAL NO SUL DO BRASIL
Authors: Dos Santos Paulo Roberto Santos , Klafke Kaliandra
Published: February 2024

Neste estudo relatamos informações sobre a mortalidade pós-soltura na pesca artesanal do tubarão-anjo-espinhoso Squatina guggenheim Marini, 1936, um tubarão criticamente em perigo no Sudeste-Sul do Brasil. Analisamos as operações de pesca artesanal que ocorrem à beira-mar e verificamos que, apesar da soltura de todos os 74 tubarões capturados, cerca de 30% foram encontrados encalhados, debilitados ou mortos, poucos minutos depois, devido ao método de soltura (arremesso). Sugerimos ajustes com base em experiências bem-sucedidas de integração de campo com pescadores.
Palavras-chave: conservação, gestão participativa, pesca, Squatina guggenheim
La Política criminal en Latinoamérica y su apego al respeto a los derechos humanos en el ámbito penal internacional
Authors: Orozco González Ivonne Alejandra , Hernández-Rodríguez Clemente
Published: February 2024

Este documento es un estudio empírico y comparativo sobre la política criminal en Latinoamérica, entendiéndose la política criminal como aquellas directrices, lineamientos, normas y sus medios coercitivos que engloban la criminalidad, y su aplicación por parte de los estados democráticos. La política criminal y su evolución debe estudiarse para comprender hacía donde se dirigen las políticas publicas de la criminalidad, ya que dichas normas y políticas cambian continuamente con las sociedades que les dan origen. También debemos analizar si están siguiendo las nuevas corrientes de mayor protección a los derechos humanos en el plano internacional, si estas políticas cumplen con los tratados internacionales, si su evolución en el ámbito del derecho internacional esta siguiendo con su contenido o si hace falta revisar en Latinoamérica dichas políticas por su incumplimiento.
Modeling of equilibria in acidified solutions of sodium orthotungstate in the presence of calcium(II) ions
Authors:   Vasyl' Stus Donetsk National University, Kordysh O.M. , Knyzhnyk I.A. ,   Vasyl' Stus Donetsk National University, Radio S.V. ,   Vasyl' Stus Donetsk National University, Rozantsev G.M. ,   Vasyl' Stus Donetsk National University
Published: February 2024

The interactions of the Ca2+–WO42––H+–H2O system initially acidified to the molar ratio (acidity) Z=(H+)/(WO42–)=1.00 were studied by the methods of pH-potentiometry, mathematical modeling and conductometry in the interval Z=0.60–2.00 at 2980.1 K with NaNO3 (I=0.05–0.30 moll–1) as the supporting electrolyte. The logarithms of the equilibrium concentration constants were calculated by the Newton's method, and previously unknown logarithms of the thermodynamic constants and Gibbs energy of the reactions of the formation of ion associates Ca2+,[W4O14(OH)2]4–; Ca2+,[W6O20(OH)2]6–; Ca2+,[W12O40(OH)2]10–; Ca2+,H[W12O40(OH)2]9–; Ca2+,H2[W12O40(OH)2]8–; Ca2+,H3[W12O40(OH)2]7–; [W12O38(OH)2]6–; and H[W12O38(OH)2]5– were calculated using the Pitzer method. The formation of particles with a ratio of Сa2+:[W12O40(OH)2]10–=1:1 and Сa2+:[W6O20(OH)2]6–=1:1 in the solutions was shown by the conductometric titration method. The crystals of calcium paratungstate B Ca5[W12O40(OH)2]30H2O were synthesized from Na2WO4 solution acidified to acidity Z = 1.00. By using ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopies, it was shown that the isopolyanion in the composition of the salt belongs to the structural type of paratungstate B. The structure of Ca5[W12O40(OH)2]30H2O was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction: monoclinic, P21/n, a=15.3619(4) Å, b=11.7537(3) Å, c=18.1471(5) Å, =109.2950(10)0, V=3092.58(14) Å3, R1=0.0298, wR(F2)=0.1387.
Extraction of soursop leaves (Annona Muricata L.) as a source of zinc corrosion inhibitor in sodium chloride medium
Authors:   Chemical Engineering Department, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Alexander Vikram , Tambun Rondang ,   Chemical Engineering Department, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Ginting Yamaniel ,   Chemical Engineering Department, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Tambun Bungaran ,   Mining Engineering Department, Institut Sains dan Teknologi TD. Pardede
Published: February 2024

Currently, corrosion inhibitors derived from organic materials are preferred in the industry because organic inhibitors are environmentally friendly and cheaper than inorganic inhibitors. This study was aimed at determining the corrosion inhibition ability of soursop leaf extract (Annona muricata L.) towards zinc. Soursop leaves extraction was carried out by maceration method using ethanol as solvent. In this study, the variations in the ratio of the soursop leaves powder weight to solvent volume were 1:4 g/ml, 1:6 g/ml, 1:8 g/ml, and 1:10 g/ml, and the immersion duration was two days. The extract obtained was studied as a zinc corrosion inhibitor using a 3% sodium chloride solution as the immersion medium. The inhibitor concentration was 2%, with the immersion duration varying from 2 days to 8 days. The results obtained showed that at the ratio of the soursop leaves powder weight to solvent volume of 1:10, the lowest corrosion rate (2.28 mpy) and inhibition efficiency (61.20%) were observed after eight days of immersion.
Calculations of solubility polytherms of phosphate salts in their mixtures with ammonium chloride and optimization of conditions for selective crystallization of ammonium orthophosphates
Authors:   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Nikolenko M.V. , Vasylenko K.V. , Grosu O.K. , Ryshchenko I.M. , Yurchenko O.I.
Published: February 2024

The purpose of the work was to determine the optimal conditions for preparation of chemically pure salts of ammonium orthophosphates based on solutions formed after purification of extractable orthophosphoric acid from toxic impurities of d-metals, lead, arsenic and fluorine by their coprecipitation with calcium hydrogen phosphate. Based on the Sechenov's modified formula, a method for calculating the solubility polytherms of orthophosphate salts in their mixtures with ammonium chloride was proposed. For its experimental confirmation, studies were conducted to determine the concentrations of saturated solutions of a number of orthophosphate salts in their mixtures with ammonium chloride at temperatures of 14, 40 and 800C. The results of the calculations were well confirmed by experiments on selective crystallization. It was shown that the following chemically pure products can be obtained from solutions of mixtures of (NH4)2HPO4 and NH4Cl by the methods of isothermal-isohydric crystallization: (NH4)2HPO4 (with a yield of up to 79.5%) and NH4H2PO4 (with a yield of up to 52.4%). Measurements of the concentrations of Cd(II), As(III), Cu(II), Pb(II) and fluorine in the synthesized salts showed that they were at levels lower than the current requirements for maximum permissible concentrations. Therefore, these salts can be recommended for use as food additives.
Electrocatalytic behavior of Ni–Mo alloy electrodeposited from deep eutectic solvents-assisted plating baths: electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study
Authors:   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Protsenko V.S. , Bobrova L.S. ,   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Sukhatskyi O.D. ,   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Danilov F.I. ,   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology
Published: February 2024

The electrocatalytic behavior of electrodeposited Ni and Ni–Mo alloy coatings in the hydrogen evolution reaction in a 1 M NaOH aqueous solution was investigated by means of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy method. The electrochemical deposition of electrocatalytic coatings was carried out using electrolytes based on deep eutectic solvents (eutectic mixtures of choline chloride with ethylene glycol or urea). To simulate the recorded Nyquist plots reflecting the electrocatalytic performance of deposited coatings, a modified Armstrong-Henderson equivalent circuit was employed, which accounts for the involvement of adsorbed intermediates in the reaction. The equivalent circuit included three polarization resistances and three constant phase elements, allowing for the consideration of the localization of the electrochemical process on different surface microdomains. It was found that the electrocatalytic activity of nickel coatings deposited from deep eutectic solvents exceeded the activity of nickel fabricated in an aqueous electrolyte. The increase in molybdenum content in the coating was shown to enhance electrocatalytic activity. It was established that the main reasons for improving the electrocatalytic properties of the Ni–Mo alloy coatings are structural-morphological factors (increase in the degree of microheterogeneity of the surface and the development of the surface area available for electrochemical reaction) and the formation of a favorable electronic structure of the metal, leading to the acceleration of the rate-determining Volmer step.
Degradation of diazine dye safranin T using potassium persulfate activated by ultrasonic treatment and MnFe2O4 spinel nanoparticles
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Sukhatskiy Yuriy , Dmytrenko Tetiana , Shepida Mariana , Sozanskyi Martyn , Znak Zenovii ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: February 2024

An advanced oxidation process of ultrasound/MnFe2O4/K2S2O8 was developed for the degradation of diazine dye safranin T, according to which potassium persulfate was co-activated by ultrasonic (US) cavitation and MnFe2O4 spinel nanoparticles synthesized via co-precipitation in the ultrasonic field. A synthesis product annealed at a temperature of 4000C, with an average size of MnFe2O4 crystallites of about 7 nm, was used as a catalyst for the decomposition of potassium persulfate. Based on the results of experimental studies on the influence of various factors on the degree and rate constant of safranin T oxidative degradation, as well as considering energy and resource-saving principles, the rational conditions of oxidative degradation were determined as follows: the reaction medium temperature of 600C, the molar ratio of safranin T:K2S2O8=1:100, the catalyst loading of 0.1 g/l, and the specific power of the ultrasonic cavitation treatment of 51.0 W/l. It was established that under such conditions the oxidative degradation degree of safranin T was equal to 98.3%, and the rate constant was 1.510–3 s–1. The changes in the UV-Vis spectra of safranin T, namely a decrease in the intensity of absorption bands, both in the visible (at a wavelength of 520 nm) and in the UV (at a wavelength of 275 nm) regions of the spectrum, confirmed the degradation of safranin T. In addition, the absence of the appearance of new peaks in the visible and UV regions of the spectrum indicated mineralization of the dye.
The contradictory legacy of totalitarianism: controversial narratives and innovative approaches (on the case of the Victory monument in South Tyrol)
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Verbytska Polina
Published: February 2024

The article seeks to emphasize the most recent methods for reinterpreting and gaining a modern perspective on the challenging and contentious historical impact of the to- talitarian past. Th is will be illustrated through an examination of the Victory Monument in Bolzano/Bozen, located in the Autonomous Province of South Tyrol, Italy. Th roughout its his- tory, this monument has sparked intense discussions and served as a battleground for vari- ous cultural memory models. Th is study brings to the forefront intricate questions regarding cultural memory within a diverse society and its implications for museum exhibitions. Th is work relies on an examination of scholarly literature and incorporates fi eld research conducted by the author. Th e article delves into the diffi culties related to the function of museum exhibi- tions in reevaluating a contentious historical legacy in a diverse society, which is crucial for its sustainable democratic advancement. Th e reformatting of the monument with the help of an innovative exhibition, as well as the reconstruction of its underground space for the organiza- tion of the Documentation Center, made it possible to open it to the public. The concept of the innovative exhibition «BZ ‘18-’45. One Monument, One City, Two Dictatorships» was an artistic intervention that historically contextualized the monument that originally embodied totalitarian ideology and culture. It is determined that the creation of a new museum exhibi- tion in Bolzano/Bocen is an example of an innovative approach to reformatting the symbolic space and political discourse around the heavy totalitarian legacy. Based on the analysis of the new museum exhibition, it was found that the monument, which caused controversy, became a basis for understanding diff erent cultures of memory in a multi-ethnic region and establishing cultural communication between diff erent ethnolinguistic communities. Th e reconceptualizing of the monument’s narrative made it possible to create a space for the coexistence of diff erent cultures of memory inherited from the diffi cult past. Th e museum’s experience of historical and artistic rethinking of a complex cultural heritage through a critical approach to the interpreta- tion of the fascist totalitarian past for the sake of social understanding and reconciliation can contribute to the development of contemporary cultural initiatives in Ukraine.
Riots in the Zhydachiv district in the autumn of 1648 – at the beginning of 1649 in the light of the Zhydachiv district acts
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lyseyko Yaroslav , Smutok Ihor ,   Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University
Published: February 2024

The purpose of the article: based on the offi cial material of the Zhydachiv district court, to investigate the population riots in the Zhydachiv district in 1648-1649, to fi nd out the geography of coverage, the social composition of the participants, their motivation, and goals. The research methodology is based on the principles of scientifi c criticism, historicism, as well as the use of general scientifi c (analysis, synthesis, generalization, statistical) and special-histor- ical (historical-typological, historical-systemic) methods. Th e scientifi c novelty: in the processed acts of the Zhydachiv district court, it was possible to discover more than one and a half thousand names of participants in the riots of 1648-1649, which spread against the background of the events of the National Liberation War led by B. Khmelnytsky. Th e percentage ratios between diff erent social groups of riot participants were determined. Conclusions. Statistical data on riots of ordinary people obtained from the materials of the Zhydachiv district records indicate that this phenomenon does not fi t into any one model of motivation and strategy of actions of the participants but instead is a multi-layered phenomenon. Although the Cossacks did not become the organizing and directing force of the local riots in the Zhydachiv region, they nevertheless inspired the insurgents, who borrowed elements of the military organization of the Cossack army. However, the motivation, character, and scope of the rioters’ actions diff ered. Th ere were mass riots within local communities when peasants attacked neighbouring communities and nobles’ courts without spreading their actions beyond the immediate vicinity. Instead, the riots of the townspeople of Rohatyn, Knyahynich, and Kalush were more large-scale and organized, who planned and implemented marches at a distance of several tens of kilometres. Th e participants in the riots were guided by a whole range of motivations and goals in their actions. At one pole were actions aimed at enrichment through plunder, the resolution of older inter-neighbourly confl icts, and redistribution of land and resources, and at the other – the elements of state, religious, and even inter-ethnic struggle Material motives dominated the local peasant riots. Instead, the ac- tivities of the larger rebel units, the core of which was the clergy and the bourgeoisie of the towns of Halychyna, were guided by deeper ideological motives aimed at protecting and affi rming status, and religious and national interests.
Pavlo Skoropadsky: a supporter of conservatism or a realist politician?
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Horbatiuk Volodymyr
Published: February 2024

The purpose of the work is to fi nd out the perception of P. Skoropadsky’s policy dur- ing the leadership of Ukraine in 1918 in the context of its attribution to one of the trends of political thought known at the time, which was expressed in the refl ection of the participants of those events on the example of the analysis of their memories and propaganda texts, created in the environment of Ukrainian political emigration. Th is will make it possible to more accurately understand the true purpose and probable results of P. Skoropadsky’s political course, which were not implemented due to the short-term management of Ukraine in 1918. Th e research methodology is primarily based on special scientifi c (characteristic of historical discourse) methods, namely: comparative- historical, historical-typological, as well as general scientifi c methods of analysis, induction, deduc- tion, synthesis, structural-systemic, etc. Th e principles of research are non-political, objective, and scientifi c. Th e scientifi c novelty lies in a new approach and a modern “reading” of the content of P. Skoropadsky’s political activities and views, which allows for strengthening the research of the Hetmanate period, giving them a further fl ow and a new, modern content, considering the interdisciplinary approach, which consists in combining the data of historical science, philosophy, psychology, and political science. Conclusions. Th e initial apoliticalness of P. Skoropadsky and the fact that his life credo was following common sense, and innate pragmatism due to signifi cant life experience are substantiated. All these brought him closer to the position of those few Ukrainian political circles that professed conservative political doctrine. But he remained a man of common sense and a pragmatist, which, in the conditions of the marginality of Ukrainian conservatism itself, logically determined his separation from many of his associates, as well as the transition of some of them to the ranks of radical political currents.
Development of cinematography and functioning of cinemas in Kamianets-Podilskyi in the early twentieth century based on the material of the local Podolianyn newspaper (1910-1911)
Authors:   Kamianets-Podilskyi Ivan Ohiienko National University, Zadorozhnyuk Andriy
Published: February 2024

The purpose of the study is to use the existing source base to cover the proces- ses of formation and development of cinematographic art and the functioning of cinemas in Kamianets-Podilskyi in the early twentieth century on the pages of the local Podolianyn newspa- per. Th e research methodology is based on the principles of a specifi c historical approach, ob- jectivity, comprehensiveness and integrity, as well as the use of methods of analysis and synthe- sis, historical-comparative, and problematic-chronological. Th e scientifi c novelty is the fact that for the fi rst time in historiography it was shown how cinemas developed in Kamianets-Podilskyi; the sources we identifi ed, namely, publications in the Podolianyn newspaper, made it possible to study the social history of cinematography on the basis of the provincial case, to consider cinema as a phenomenon of culture and history, and to analyze the number and functioning of cinemas in the city in the early twentieth century. Conclusions. Th e emergence of cinema in Kamianets- Podilskyi dates back to 1901, and the popularization of Kamianets cinema was facilitated by the publication of the local Podolianyn newspaper, the fi rst issues of which were published in September 1910. In addition to publishing advertisements with dates and schedules of movie shows, the newspaper also popularized the Humanitarian Society cinema, stating that part of the collected money would be used for charity. In early March 1911, Kamianets-Podilskyi was visited by an authorized representative of a cinematographic company in Russia, who noted that Kamianets-Podilskyi cinema theatres were maintained at a decent level and all worked on elect- ricity. It is also worth mentioning that local photographers produced their own fi lms. Thus, we can conclude that cinematography appeared in Podillia, quite soon aft er its appearance, due to the proximity of the borders with European countries. At the same time, there were several cin- emas in the city, which generated competitiveness. Photographers became interested in the new business, mastered new technologies, bought movie projectors, and created fi lms. In general, the issue of the development of cinematographic art in Kamianets-Podilskyi has not been the subject of in-depth studies by Ukrainian researchers, which requires a detailed study in the future.