bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategic Stability Paradigm in South Asia
Authors: Hussain Sargana Tauqeer , Hussain Mujahid
Published: December 2019

The advent of nuclear weapons has brought into discussion the strands of strategic stability that initially occupied the Cold War rivals and later the neighboring states of South Asia. Both the Soviet Union and the United States due to distanced geography with that of settled strategic language have almost brought a positive tendency in crisis management and strategic stability. Contrary to Cold War rivals, the South Asian nuclear opponents have gone through a vulnerability of strategic miscalculation and crisis instability. That is why at most of their direct military stalemates, the US and Soviets had to jump in to defuse the crises. Moreover, Indian military modernization, deliberate maintenance of conventional asymmetry, application of sub-conventional warfare, state-sponsored terrorism, regional dominance and global aspirations interlinked with the containment of China under Indo-US strategic partnership has altogether shaped the contemporary discourse of strategic stability in South Asia. This study makes the point that the strands of strategic stability between the two regional powers of South Asia are tied to the complex web of the bilateral, regional and global framework. It is in this larger construct that strategic stability in South Asia can be best described. This study is deductive in nature and theoretically evaluates the notion of strategic stability paradigm to deconstruct the prevailing fault lines.
Execution of Mumtaz Qadri & Urdu Print Media of Pakistan: Exploring Consistency and Discord Frames in Editorializing of Blasphemy & Freedom of expression
Authors: Hussain Qureshi Tasaddaq , Aslam Pervez Prof. Dr. Muhammad
Published: December 2019

This paper focuses on the frames; through which execution of Mumtaz Qadri’s editorialized by the Urdu print media of Pakistan. Eighteen editorials on the selected topic, from March 1, 2016, to April 1, 2016, are selected as a sample from five leading national newspapers viz. Jang, Nawa-e-Waqt, Ausaf, Ummat, and Islam. Freedom of expression and blasphemy depicted through consistency and discord frames is explored with the help of Galtung’s peace and violence journalism indicators. The content analysis approach is applied, with the Framing theory providing theoretical background. It has been found that Media portrayed the issue through discord frame as a dominant frame, which approved the notion of Galtung that media usually portray the conflicts through violence journalism frame. It also approved that the media have not continued framing by a uniform pace. They play an active role in opinion formation of a public. With the passage of time media changed their framing tone from discord to the consistency frames. This proves that media is conscious to enjoy the right of freedom of expression with reference to the blasphemy, in such a volatile situation.
Islamophobia and Media: The Framing of Muslims and Islam in International Media
Authors: Rahman Sidra , Qamar Dr. Ayesha
Published: December 2019

The focus of this research paper is to explain the negative representation of Islam and Muslims in an international media. The media in all over the world is considered most influential medium, which is shaped the views of people related to every section of societies. The media perform a significant role in constructing the listener angle and attitude related to any complication that emerges in the whole world. In this context, the audiences accept as true and have expectation from media to represent a clear image relate any type of affair which is happening at both national and international surface. In western media, Muslims represented as an “other alien” an international level. After the incident of 9/11, Muslims and Islam have recognized as backward and violent culture and religion. Muslims communities and their families are mostly victims and targeted by non-Muslims, victimization of veiled Muslims female and religious men in public places, as victims and targeted against the law. In present days Islam and Muslims are represented as a terrorist, illiterate, extremist and backward in international media. Although the framing of Muslims and Islam, particularly after the 7/7 bombing, 9/11 terrorist attack and Paris attack, a large number of study and research set up, that an internationally the inclination of media reporting is highly observed negativity toward Islam and Muslims, by affiliating it with extremism and terrorism.
Long-term changes in precipitation phase in Czechia
Authors: Hynčica Martin , Huth Radan
Published: December 2019

Long-term changes in precipitation phase are investigated at ten stations in Czechia. Trends are calculated from 1983 to 2018 for the period between November and April. Daily SYNOP reports and daily precipitation totals are used at every station, where number and occurrence of specific codes in SYNOP report determine daily precipitation totals as solid, combined (which represents, to a large extent, category of mixed precipitation), or liquid. Thereafter, it is possible to calculate trends of all precipitation phases as well as the proportion of solid to total precipitation (S/P; in %). The average S/P trend over all Czech stations is significantly negative (−0.60%·year-1) and accompanied by a sharp decrease in solid precipitation (−1.66 mm·year-1) and an increase in combined precipitation (1.50 mm·year-1). Thus, our results show a ship of precipitation phase from solid to combined. Because of the dependence of S/P on air temperature, we suppose that the current S/P decline is a manifestation of rising air temperatures in the past decades.
An instance-based scoring system for indoor landmark salience evaluation
Authors: Zhu Litao , Švedová Hana , Shen Jie , Stachoň Zdeněk , Shi Jiafeng , Snopková Dajana , Li Xiao
Published: December 2019

Navigation in a complex indoor environment can be difficult, and pedestrians may find themselves disoriented. As the featured objects of an environment, indoor landmarks play an important role in navigation. A review of the existing literature in outdoor landmark evaluation methods, however, shows that they cannot be fully applicable in any indoor environment. In this paper, an instance-based scoring system is proposed for analyzing the indicators that influence the salience of spatial objects from visual, semantic and structural aspects. An Analytic Hierarchy Process was applied to calculate landmark weights using these indicators. Two types of indoor scenes were employed as instances to verify the validity of this method, the Dongchenghui shopping mall (Nanjing, China) using a subjective questionnaire and interview method, and the headquarters of Masaryk University (Brno, Czechia) using an objective eyetracking method. Be result of the two instances showed that the proposed method was feasible.
METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF MODELING OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF FORMING AGLOMERATIONS
Authors: Kutsenko Vira , Garashchuk Olena , Yevtushenko Hanna
Published: December 2019

The state of social development in the conditions of formation of market relations and the formation of agglomerations is analyzed. The main attention is focused on the industries that contribute to the formation of the main productive force – the human person and contribute to the growth of the living standards of the population. The positive and negative aspects of development are revealed, the essence of agglomerations is revealed, their role in the socio-economic development of the country and the improvement of the welfare of the population; In this aspect, foreign experience has been investigated. Proposed ways to further improve social development in the conditions of the formation of agglomerations.
Penilaian Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan Terhadap Sistem Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Manusia di Rumah Sakit
Authors: Kartika Ria Chandra
Published: December 2019

Assessment of employee’s satisfaction assessment is an important thing to do by the hospital management. The data can be used as a source of information about resource management systems in hospitals, reducing turnover, and improving hospital performance. The objectives of this study was to measure job satisfaction level of the employee at RSIA NUN Surabaya This study is crossectional design study. The sample was 45 employees in RSIA NUN Surabaya were selected using proportional random sampling techniques. The instrument used in this study was MSQ. The assessment results are analyzed descriptively to determine the value of employee job satisfaction. The results of this study showed that 66.7% of employees had a level of satisfaction that was in the good category. Conclusion of this study hospital management needs to pay attention to employee satisfaction related to the achievement of work performance, employee salaries, and working environment conditions because all three elements have lower values ​​compared to other elements. So it is important for hospitals to encourage employees to improve work performance by giving employees the opportunity to develop themselves through education and training activities. As well as reviewing salaries provided and providing a conducive work environment so as to increase employee job satisfaction.
Pengaruh Pemberian Seduhan Rosella Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Asam Urat Wanita Menopause
Authors: Yuanta Yohan
Published: December 2019

Gout disease is a commonly affects men in aged 30-40 years old, while this disease occurred in women in aged 55-70. The lack of estrogen level is contributing to increase the incidence of gout disease in menopause woman. Menopausal women have two times higher risk of gout disease due to deficit role of estrogen in the removal of uric acid trough urine system. The decrease of estrogen hormone level affect the function of excretion system (Integument and kidney) and also digestive system. While the function of these systems decreased, the residual compound like purin could not be removed trough urine, feces, and sweat. The production of uric acid in human body were linear to the breakdown process of purin. The more purines broken down, the more uric acid is produced. One of the plants that can reduce the uric acid level is Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa). The anthocyanins pigment in the calyx of Rosella flower could produce flavonoid compound. The question research of this study is the administration of steeping rosella could reduce the uric acid level in menopause women. Objective: To determine the effect of rosella steeping on decreasing uric acid levels in menopausal women. Method: Pre-experimental with the design of one group pre-post-test have been done, the analysis is using the Wilcoxon test signed rank test. The analysis of results obtained by t-test Sig. (2-tailed) 0.001 which value <0.05 is significantly different. The Rosella steeping administration could affect the decrease of uric acid levels in menopausal women.
Pengaruh Karakteristik Perusahaan Terhadap Pengungkapan Sustainability Report
Authors: Susanti Leni , Alvita Amanda
Published: December 2019

Laporan Keberlanjutan (Sustainability Report) adalah laporan sukarela yang menyajikankan tanggung jawab perusahaan dari aspek sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh bukti empiris tentang efek karakteristik perusahaan (profitabilitas, likuiditas, leverage, rasio aktivitas, dan ukuran perusahaan) pada pengungkapan laporan keberlanjutan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dari 2015-2017. Berdasarkan metode purposive sampling, sampel penelitian yang diperoleh sebesar 39 perusahaan. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa profitabilitas berpengaruh positif tidak signifikan terhadap pengungkapan laporan keberlanjutan (Sustainability Report). Sedangkan likuiditas, leverage, rasio aktivitas, dan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh negatif tidak signifikan terhadap pengungkapan laporan keberlanjutan (Sustainability Report).
Hubungan Antara Role Stressor Dan Komitmen Organisasional Dengan Turnover Intention
Authors: Setiawan Ivan
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan antara role stressor yang terdiri atas role ambiguity dan role conflict, serta komitmen organisasional dengan turnover, mengingat keterkaitan antara vaiabel-variabel tersebut masih menunjukkan inkonsistensi hasil-hasil penelitian. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua jenis role stressor tersebut merupakan prediktor yang signifikan bagi turnover, namun berbagai penelitian lainnya menunjukkan bahwa role stressor dan komitmen organisasional bukan merupakan prediktor yang signifikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 61 responden dari satu perusahaan yang berlokasi di dua kota. Mengingat penelitian ini bersifat cross-section, maka turnover intention digunakan sebagai proksi dari turnover. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis jalur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan role ambiguity dan role conflict merupakan prediktor yang signifikan bagi komitmen organisasional. Namun dari kedua jenis role stressor tersebut, hanya role conflict yang memiliki hubungan negatif dengan turnover intention. Terakhir, temuan menunjukkan bahwa komitmen organisasional merupakan prediktor penting bagi turnover intention. Bagian akhir paper ini menyajikan beberapa keterbatasan.
Pengaruh Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Dan Sistem Pengendalian Internal Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan
Authors: Sopian Dani , Suwartika Wawat
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mengenai sistem informasi akuntansi dan sistem pengendalian internal terhadap kinerja karyawan baik secara parsial maupun secara simultan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada RSUD Kota Bandung. Sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 49 responden dengan teknik penentuan sampel yang digunakan adalah simple random sampling. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan sistem informasi akuntansi dan sistem pengendalian internal berpengaruh positif tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan, secara parsial sistem informasi akuntansi berpengaruh negative tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dan sistem pengendalian internal berpengaruh positif tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Hasil koefisien determinasi R2 sebesar 7,5 % menunjukkan bahwa kinerja karyawan dapat dijelaskan oleh sistem informasi akuntansi dan sistem pengendalian internal, dan sisanya sebesar 92,5 % dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak di teliti dalam penelitian ini.
Nature Of Industry Dan Ineffective Monitoring Sebagai Determinan Terjadinya Fraud Dalam Penyajian Laporan Keuangan
Authors: Ritonga Ferdiansyah , Apriyani Nurul
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh bukti empiris mengenai pengaruh nature of industry dan ineffective monitoring terhadap fraud dalam penyajian laporan keuangan. Dalam penelitiaan ini nature of industry sebagai variabel independen memiliki dua proksi yaitu persediaan (inventory) dan piutang (receivable).

Penelitian dilakukan pada perusahaan sektor manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada periode 5 tahun yaitu 2013-2017. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 110 perusahaan. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi logistik.

Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1a) nature of industry (inventory) berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap fraud dalam penyajian laporan keuangan, (1b) nature of industry (receivable) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap fraud dalam penyajian laporan keuangan dan (2) ineffective monitoring berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap fraud dalam penyajian laporan keuangan.
The Contribution of Galaxies to the 3.4 μm Cosmic Infrared Background as Measured Using WISE
Authors: Lake S. E. , Wright E. L. , Assef R. J. , Jarrett T. H. , Petty S. , Stanford S. A. , Tsai C.-W.
Published: December 2019

The study of the extragalactic background light (EBL) in the optical and near-infrared has received a lot of attention in the last decade, especially near the wavelength λ ≈ 3.4 μm, with remaining tension among different techniques for estimating the background. In this paper we present a measurement of the contribution of galaxies to the EBL at 3.4 μm that is based on the measurement of the luminosity function (LF) in Lake et al. and the mean spectral energy distribution of galaxies in Lake & Wright. The mean and standard deviation of our most reliable Bayesian posterior chain gives a 3.4 μm background of I

ν
 = 9.0 ± 0.5 kJy sr−1 (νI

ν
= 8.0 ± 0.4 nW m−2 sr−1
e-fold−1), with systematic uncertainties unlikely to be greater than 2 kJy sr−1. This result is higher than most previous efforts to measure the contribution of galaxies to the 3.4 μm EBL, but is consistent with the upper limits placed by blazars and the most recent direct measurements of the total 3.4 μm EBL.
Deep ATCA and VLA Radio Observations of Short-GRB Host Galaxies. Constraints on Star Formation Rates, Afterglow Flux, and Kilonova Radio Flares
Authors: Klose S. , Nicuesa Guelbenzu A. M. , Michałowski M. J. , Hunt L. K. , Hartmann D. H. , Greiner J. , Rossi A. , Palazzi E. , Bernuzzi S.
Published: December 2019

We report the results of an extensive radio-continuum observing campaign of host galaxies of short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The goal of this survey was to search for optically obscured star formation, possibly indicative of a population of young short-GRB progenitors. Our sample comprises the hosts and host-galaxy candidates of 16 short-GRBs from 2005 to 2015, corresponding to roughly one-third of the presently known ensemble of well-localized short bursts. Eight GRB fields were observed with ATCA (at 5.5 and 9.0 GHz), and eight fields with the VLA (mostly at 5.5 GHz). The observations typically achieved a 1σ
rms of 5–8 μJy. In most cases, they were performed years after the corresponding burst. No new short-GRB host with optically obscured star formation was found. Only one host galaxy was detected: that of GRB 100206A at z = 0.407. However, its starburst nature was already known from optical/IR data. Its measured radio flux can be interpreted as being due to a star formation rate of about 60 M
⊙ yr−1. This is in good agreement with earlier expectations based on the observed broad-band spectral energy distribution of this galaxy. The 15 nondetections constrain the SFRs of the suspected host galaxies and provide upper limits on late-time luminosities of the associated radio afterglows and predicted kilonova radio flares. The nondetection of radio emission from GRB explosion sites confirms the intrinsically low luminosity of short-GRB afterglows and places significant constraints on the parameter space of magnetar-powered radio flares. Luminous radio flares from fiducial massive magnetars have not been found.
The REQUIEM Survey. I. A Search for Extended Lyα Nebular Emission Around 31 z > 5.7 Quasars
Authors: Farina Emanuele Paolo , Arrigoni-Battaia Fabrizio , Costa Tiago , Walter Fabian , Hennawi Joseph F. , Drake Alyssa B. , Decarli Roberto , Gutcke Thales A. , Mazzucchelli Chiara , Neeleman Marcel , Georgiev Iskren , Eilers Anna-Christina , Davies Frederick B. , Bañados Eduardo , Fan Xiaohui , Onoue Masafusa , Schindler Jan-Torge , Venemans Bram P. , Wang Feige , Yang Jinyi , Rabien Sebastian , Busoni Lorenzo
Published: December 2019

The discovery of quasars a few hundred megayears after the Big Bang represents a major challenge to our understanding of black holes as well as galaxy formation and evolution. Quasars' luminosity is produced by extreme gas accretion onto black holes, which have already reached masses of M
BH > 109
M
⊙ by z ∼ 6. Simultaneously, their host galaxies form hundreds of stars per year, using up gas in the process. To understand which environments are able to sustain the rapid formation of these extreme sources, we started a Very Large Telescope/Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) effort aimed at characterizing the surroundings of a sample of 5.7 < z < 6.6 quasars, which we have dubbed the Reionization Epoch QUasar InvEstigation with MUSE (REQUIEM) survey. We here present results of our searches for extended Lyα halos around the first 31 targets observed as part of this program. Reaching 5σ surface brightness limits of 0.1–1.1 × 10−17 erg s−1 cm−2 arcsec−2 over a 1 arcsec2 aperture, we were able to unveil the presence of 12 Lyα nebulae, eight of which are newly discovered. The detected nebulae show a variety of emission properties and morphologies with luminosities ranging from 8 × 1042 to 2 × 1044 erg s−1, FWHMs between 300 and 1700 km s−1, sizes <30 pkpc, and redshifts consistent with those of the quasar host galaxies. As the first statistical and homogeneous investigation of the circumgalactic medium of massive galaxies at the end of the reionization epoch, the REQUIEM survey enables the study of the evolution of the cool gas surrounding quasars in the first 3 Gyr of the universe. A comparison with the extended Lyα emission observed around bright (

M

1450

 ≲ −25 mag) quasars at intermediate redshift indicates little variations on the properties of the cool gas from z ∼ 6 to z ∼ 3, followed by a decline in the average surface brightness down to z ∼ 2.
A 40 Billion Solar-mass Black Hole in the Extreme Core of Holm 15A, the Central Galaxy of Abell 85
Authors: Mehrgan Kianusch , Thomas Jens , Saglia Roberto , Mazzalay Ximena , Erwin Peter , Bender Ralf , Kluge Matthias , Fabricius Maximilian
Published: December 2019

Holm 15A, the brightest cluster galaxy of the galaxy cluster Abell 85, has an ultradiffuse central region,

∼
2

mag

fainter than the faintest depleted core of any early-type galaxy (ETG) that has been dynamically modeled in detail. We use orbit-based, axisymmetric Schwarzschild models to analyze the stellar kinematics of Holm 15A from new high-resolution, wide-field spectral observations obtained with the Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer at the Very Large Telescope. We find a supermassive black hole with a mass of

(
4.0
±
0.80
)
×

10

10

M

⊙

at the center of Holm 15A. This is the most massive black hole with a direct dynamical detection in the local universe. We find that the distribution of stellar orbits is increasingly biased toward tangential motions inside the core. However, the tangential bias is less than that in other cored elliptical galaxies. We compare Holm 15A with N-body simulations of mergers between galaxies with black holes and find that the observed amount of tangential anisotropy and the shape of the light profile are consistent with a formation scenario where Holm 15A is the remnant of a merger between two ETGs with pre-existing depleted cores. We find that black hole masses in cored galaxies, including Holm 15A, scale inversely with the central stellar surface brightness and mass density. These correlations are independent of a specific parameterization of the light profile.
Kinetic Helicity and Lifetime of Activity Complexes During Solar Cycle 24
Authors: Komm R. , Gosain S.
Published: December 2019

We study magnetic features on the solar surface that exist for several rotations during solar cycle 24. To identify them, we average synoptic maps over a range in latitude and stack the resulting longitudinal strips in time. We use synoptic maps of magnetograms obtained with the NSO/Synoptic Optical Long-term Investigations of the Sun instrument and create synoptic maps of the kinetic helicity of subsurface flows integrated over 2.0–7.1 Mm based on Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager Dopplergrams. To distinguish between active and quiet regions, we sort the grid points of the synoptic maps by their activity level and divide the data into four subsets with 25% of activity each and into two subsets with the highest or lowest 12.5% of activity values. The kinetic helicity of these six subsets follows the hemispheric helicity rule with, on average, positive values in the southern and negative values in the northern hemisphere. However, the helicity of the subset with the highest activity is about four times higher than that of the other subsets, and the mid-quartile subsets show the weakest hemispheric helicity rule. We define the lifetime of complexes in each subset and find that for the high-activity subset, the amplitude of magnetic activity and kinetic helicity increases almost linearly with the lifetime of complexes. The distribution of flares closely resembles that of the high-activity subset. The flare-productive locations in long-lived complexes produce, on average, the same number of flares as those of short-lived complexes. However, long-lived complexes have a higher fractional number of these locations than the short-lived complexes and thus produce more flares not just because they live longer.
Comparison of Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio between Degrees of the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital
Authors: Siregar Gontar Alamsyah , Irwansyah Dedi
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common malignancy. The Barcelona Clinical Liver Cancer System (BCLC), guides the treatment of patients with HCC. Platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is an inflammatory marker used as a prognostic factor disease of HCC. An increase in PLR indicates higher host's inflammatory response and is associated with aggressive HCC behaviour, according to BCLC.
AIM: This study aims to determine the PLRs between among the degrees of BCLC (The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer) in HCC patients at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital in Medan during 2015-2016.
METHODS: This retrospective study involved 166 patients with HCC who were then classified by the BCLC guidelines. PLRs among the patient's degrees of BCLC were compared using Kruskal Wallis test.
RESULTS: A total of 166 HCC patients, 129 (77.7%) were men and 37 (22.3%) were women. The PLR value ​​has a median value of 17841with the lowest value of 1776 and the highest value of 223684. There were differences in PLR levels with various BCLC stages in patients with HCC at Haji Adam Malik Hospital during 2015-2016 (p = 0.026).
CONCLUSION: There were differences in PLR levels with various BCLC stages in patients with HCC at Haji Adam Malik Hospital during 2015-2016.
The Influence of Albumin Level in Critically Ill Children to Length of Stay and Mortality in Paediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Gema Nazri Yanni  , Lubis Munar , Ali Muhammad
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: The use of albumin in the critical care setting is a very controversial issue. Low serum albumin concentration in critical illness is associated with a poor outcome.
AIM: We aimed to evaluate the influence of albumin level in critically ill children to the length of stay and mortality in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia.
METHODS: The study used an observational method with a cross-sectional design. The population of the study was all patients with major postoperative surgery and critically ill that admitted to the PICU at Haji Adam Malik Hospital from the period of June 2008 to September 2008. The albumin level of the subjects was determined on the first day admitted.
RESULTS: The group with hypoalbuminemia (< 3 g/dL) was given albumin supplementation according to a protocol in the PICU. The group with hypoalbuminemia have an average length of stay 7.6 days (9.7%) and mortality of 12 subjects (36.4%). The group with normal albumin level have 4.7 days (5.0%) and mortality 13 subjects (37.1%). There was no significant effect of albumin level to mortality.
CONCLUSION: Albumin level did not affect the length of stay and mortality in PICU.
SSRIs and the Risk of Abnormal Bleeding
Authors: Reeves Roy R. , Wise P. Melonee , Cox Sera K.
Published: December 2019

EXCERPTA 40-year-old woman began to have significant vaginal bleeding between periods. Physical examination, vaginal ultrasound, coagulation studies, and endometrial biopsy findings were normal. The only significant finding was that the patient had been started on a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) for depression, raising the question of whether the bleeding may have been related to the SSRI (O’Malley, 2004).ABOUT THE AUTHORSDr. Reeves is Chief of Mental Health and Ms. Wise is a staff pharmacist, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, and Dr. Cox is a resident, Department of Psychiatry, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, Mississippi. The authors disclose that they have no significant financial interests in any product or class of products discussed directly or indirectly in this activity, including research support.Address correspondence to Roy R. Reeves, DO, PhD, Chief of Mental Health, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center (11M), 1500 East Woodrow Wilson Drive, Jackson, MS 39216; e-mail: roy.reeves@med.va.gov.
Who Will Care for the Grandparents? Exploring Relationships Between Grandparents and Grandchildren
Authors: Tompkins Catherine J.
Published: December 2019

Adult children are often identified as primary caregivers for their older adult parents; however, in a growing number of cases, the adult child does not become the caregiver. Evidence of this includes the growing social phenomenon of grandparents raising their grandchildren.

In this qualitative research project, the long-term caregiving relationship between grandparents and grandchildren living in grandparent-headed households was explored through interviews with three grandparent-grandchild dyads. The ongoing relationship in the dyads did not seem to mimic a parent-child relationship or a grandparent-grandchild relationship, but instead a third kind of relationship that requires further exploration.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Dr. Tompkins is Assistant Professor and Director, BSW Program, Social Work Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia.

Address correspondence to Catherine J. Tompkins, MSW, PhD, Assistant Professor and Director, BSW Program, Social Work Department, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 1F8, Fairfax, VA 22030; e-mail: ctompkin@gmu.edu.
Aspheric Ablation With the Nidek EC-5000 CX II With OPD-Scan Objective Analysis
Authors: Mantry Sanjay , Yeung Ian , Shah Sunil
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To analyze the efficacy, predictability, stability, and safety of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) to correct myopia and myopic astigmatism using the Nidek EC-5000 CX II laser and the Customized Aspheric Transition Zone (CATz) profile.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 100 eyes (50 patients) with myopic astigmatism. A CATz profile was used in all eyes (profile 4) with an ablation zone of 5 mm and a transition zone of 9 mm, using Nidek FinalFit software.

RESULTS: Average patient age was 39 years (range 21 to 69 yr). Preoperative mean spherical equivalent refraction was -4.70 ± 2.53 D (range -11.88 to -0.50 D), mean preoperative sphere was -4.31 ± 2.53 D (range -11.25 to -0.25 D), and mean preoperative cylinder was -0.78 ± 0.69 D (range -3.25 to 0). Postoperative mean spherical equivalent refraction at 6 months was 0.12 ± 0.53 D (range -1.63 to +0.88 D), mean postoperative sphere was 0.02 ± 0.56 D (range -1.50 to +2.00 D), and mean postoperative cylinder was -0.29 ± 0.50 D (range 0 to -1.75 D). Uncorrected visual acuity was 6/6 or better in 58% (58 eyes) and better than 6/12 in 93% (93 eyes).

CONCLUSION: LASIK with the Nidek EC-5000 CX II laser and the CATz profile was effective, reasonably predictable, stable, and safe for correction of myopic astigmatism with a spherical component between -0.25 and -11.25 D, and a cylindrical component up to 3.25 D, using the techniques in this study. Astigmatism was undercorrected with the current algorithm. [J Refract Surg 2004;20 (suppl): S666-S668]
Laser in situ Keratomileusis for High Myopia Using a Small Ablation Zone and Large Aspheric Transition Zone
Authors: Vongthongsri Anun , Phusitphoykai Nutharin , Tungsiriput Tulaya
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and predictability of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) using the Nidek NAVEX system with a small ablation (optical, OZ) zone and a large aspheric transition zone (OATz).

METHODS: We report a prospective nonrandomized study of LASIK for high myopia using a small ablation in 23 eyes of 18 patients. The optical zone was between 3 and 3.8 mm and transition zone (TZ) was between 7 and 7.8 mm. Preoperative examination included best-spectacle corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), refraction, and corneal topography. All eyes were measured by the Nidek OPD-Scan and data were imported to FinalFit software. Aspheric profile (OATz) numbers 5 to 7 were used. BSCVA, uncorrected spectacle visual acuity (UCVA), refraction, and subjective evaluation of glare and night vision by questionnaire were recorded after surgery.

RESULTS: At baseline, mean spherical equivalent refraction was -7.03 ± 2.39 D (range -5.50 to -15.50 D). Postoperative UCVA was better than 20/25 in 95.65% of eyes 3 months after LASIK. Post-operative refraction was within ± 0.50 D of emmetropia in 91.3% of eyes and within ± 1.00 D in all eyes. No eye lost lines of BSCVA; 52.17% of eyes gained 1 line and 13.04% of eyes gained 2 lines. No patient reported significant glare or night vision problems on subjective questionnaire.

CONCLUSION: LASIK with a small ablation (optical) zone and high aspheric transition zone using the Nidek NAVEX system was effective, predictable, and relatively safe for correction of high myopia. [J Refract Surg 2004;20(suppl):S669-S673]
Accuracy and Reproducibility of Zywave, Tracey, and Experimental Aberrometers
Authors: Rodríguez Pablo , Navarro Rafael , González Luis , Hernández José L
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare the accuracy and verify the reliability of different commercial and experimental prototypes of aberrometers using a small group of normal subjects with low myopia.

METHODS: Three different devices were used to measure the wavefront aberration of five normal myopic eyes: 1) Zywave-commercial aberrometer based on a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor; 2) Tracey-commercial system based on the laser ray tracing principle; and 3) an experimental laboratory laser ray tracing instrument working at two different wavelengths (532 and 786 nm). Aseries of five measurements were taken for each subject. Pupil diameter and alignment were controlled. All wave aberration maps were reduced to a common 6.5-mm pupil diameter, and then the mean and standard deviation were computed for the series, as well as the global average and standard deviation for each subject.

RESULTS: Despite several important differences among devices and sessions, the results obtained with the different devices were equivalent. The main difference found between aberrometers was due to the longitudinal chromatic aberration caused by the use of different wavelengths. The signal-to-noise ratio estimated from the raw data was moderate, 12, but could be improved by a factor of 2 by discarding those measurements with a higher deviation from the mean and averaging the remaining data, which was the approach implemented in the Zywave instrument.

CONCLUSION: The aberrometers tested were reliable in normal eyes with low myopia. Aberrometry is a robust but noisy technique. Accuracy is limited by noise and other sources of variability, including the size and alignment of the pupil. These conclusions might not apply to eyes with large aberrations. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:810-817]
Factors Predictive of LASIK Flap Thickness With the Hansatome Zero Compression Microkeratome
Authors: Choudhri Saira A , Feigenbaum Susan K , Pepose Jay S
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To determine the explanatory power of preoperative variables and corneal flap thickness in laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) using the Hansatome zero compression microkeratome (Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, NY).

METHODS: A prospective, nonrandomized, comparative interventional case study was performed on 250 eyes of 129 consecutive patients who underwent LASIK surgery using the Hansatome zero compression microkeratome. A 160-µm or 180-µm microkeratome head and an 8.5- or 9. 5-mm suction ring were used in the procedures. Preoperative measurements included refraction, spherical equivalent, keratometry, intraocular pressure, corneal white-to-white, anterior chamber depth, and corneal eccentricity. Corneal thickness was measured intraoperative Iy using ultrasonic pachymetry before and after flap creation, and the difference was taken as flap thickness. Flap diameter was measured with a corneal gauge. Data were analyzed using simple, multiple, stepwise linear and non- 1 inear regression analyses and twotailed t tests.

RESULTS: The mean flap thickness was 124±17 µm with the nominal 160-µm head and 142 ±20 µm with the nominal 180-µm head. One third (33%) of the total variation in flap thickness could be accounted for by three preoperative variables: average corneal thickness, spherical equivalent refraction, and choice of 160- or 180-µm microkeratome head. A simple correlation of 0.114 was noted between corneal eccentricity and flap thickness, but this variable did not add significant explanatory power on multiple regression analysis. Linear regression analysis allowed determination of a flap thickness nomogram with a standard error of the estimate of 16.9 µm and a 95% confidence interval of ±33.1.

CONCLUSIONS: Corneal thickness is the most systematic predictor of corneal flap thickness using the Hansatome microkeratome. Because three preoperative variables account for only 33% of the range in flap thickness, future studies should focus on variations in blade extension and corneal biomechanical factors, which may also play an important role in determining flap thickness. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:253-259.]
Axial Eye Length Evaluation Before and After Myopic Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Rosa Nicola , Capasso Luigi , Lanza Michele , Romano Antonio
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To test the accuracy of a new device (IOL Master; Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany) in detecting axial eye length changes after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).

METHODS: Pre- and postoperative (1, 3, and 6 months) subjective refraction and axial eye length measurements were performed in 184 consecutive eyes that underwent PRK with the Nidek EC5000 excimer laser (Nidek Technologies, Gamagori, Japan) to treat refractive errors from +0.25 to -16.25 diopters (D) (mean: -5.12±3.01 D).

RESULTS: The axial eye length measurements ranged from 22.51 to 31.32 mm (mean: 25.61±1.47 mm) before PRK; from 22.39 to 31.10 mm (mean: 25.48±1.43 mm) 1 month after PRK; from 23.17 to 31.14 mm (mean: 25.61±1.36 mm) 3 months after PRK; and from 23.36 to 29.68 mm (mean: 25.58±1.35 mm) 6 months after PRK. Preoperative and l-month postoperative data showed a statistically significant difference (P<.001), whereas no significant difference was found between 1 and 3 months (P=. 0137) or 3 and 6 months (P=.2422).

CONCLUSIONS: The IOL Master showed a decrease in the axial eye length measurement larger than the theoretical ablation depth and the difference increased as the correction became higher. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:281-287.]
Flap-induced and Laser-induced Ocular Aberrations in a Two-step LASIK Procedure
Authors: Waheed Samra , Chalita Maria Regina , Xu Meng , Krueger Ronald R
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To identify aberrations created by making a laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) flap and treating the refractive error with laser ablation at a later date.

METHODS: Twenty-two eyes (11 patients) underwent a two-step LASIK procedure with the Alcon LADARVision laser (Alcon Laboratories, Ft Worth, Tex). In the first step, a flap was created, and 1 month later the flap was lifted and laser ablation performed. Aberrations were measured with the LADARWave wavefront measurement device preoperatively, after making the flap (1 day, 1 week, 1 month) and after laser treatment (1 week and 3 months). Two different microkeratomes were used (Moria M2 [Moria; Antony, France] and SKBM [Alcon]). With the SKBM, all flap hinges were nasal; with the Moria M2, the flap hinge was randomly selected as superior in one eye and nasal in the other.

RESULTS: A slight hyperopic shift was seen in the manifest and wavefront refractions at 1 week and 1 month after flap creation for the Moria M2, but not for the SKBM. Statistically significant change in manifest sphere with the Moria M2 showed a mean shift at 1 month of +0.50±0.08 diopters (D) whereas the SKBM showed no mean shift, but less reproducibility, +0.06±0.17 D. Higher order aberrations after flap creation were statistically significantly higher for all except coma with both microkeratomes, but with no predictable trends observed. Although higher in magnitude, post flap aberrations were less than one quarter the increase noted in post laser aberrations, except for "other terms."

CONCLUSIONS: Creating a LASIK flap induces changes in lower and higher order ocular aberrations. The change in lower order terms is microkeratome dependent. Higher order aberrations increase to a much larger degree after laser than after flap, making a two-step procedure unnecessary in conventional LASIK. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:346-352.]
Los descuidos cervantinos del Quijote: entre la ecdótica y la imitatio paródica de los clásicos
Authors: Botello Jesús
Published: December 2019

Desde hace tiempo la crítica se ha ocupado de los descuidos cervantinos, y los ha explicado de varias maneras. Algunos estudiosos piensan que son errores o descuidos, debidos a la celeridad con la que supuestamente Cervantes escribía sus obras. Otros afirman que son errores premeditados con distintas motivaciones (parodia de libros de caballería, intención artística, etc.). Finalmente, algunos eruditos han sostenido que son producto de las distintas reescrituras de la obra, o de las vicisitudes de la impresión en la época de la imprenta manual.
El presente trabajo se ocupa de estudiar algunos de los descuidos del Quijote desde una perspectiva diferente. Propone leer varias de dichas incoherencias en el contexto artístico de la imitatio aurisecular de los autores clásicos, en particular de Homero, autor cuyas obras fueron criticadas desde la Antigüedad hasta el Renacimiento por contener numerosos errores. En este sentido, se sugiere que varios de los descuidos cervantinos en la novela podrían ser atribuidos a un deseo por parte de Cervantes de emular a Homero, la gran referencia literaria en el género de la literatura épica occidental, con el fin de dotar de autoridad y legitimidad al Quijote, siempre desde una perspectiva paródica.
Orígenes del cervantismo: el descubrimiento de la «patria» de Cervantes y las polémicas lingüístico-literarias de la época
Authors: Perdomo Batista Miguel Ángel
Published: December 2019

La polémica sobre la «patria» de Cervantes y sobre su descubridor arranca en el siglo XVIII y llega hasta nuestros días. Tradicionalmente, se ha atribuido el descubrimiento al P. Sarmiento y a Juan de Iriarte, pero en las últimas décadas parece haberse modificado esta opinión en beneficio exclusivo del benedictino. Aportaremos alguna prueba que pone en duda esta última idea y analizaremos la cuestión en el contexto en el que debe ser examinada, el de las polémicas lingüístico-literarias de la época y los orígenes del cervantismo.
Using Learning Analytics to Improve MOOC Instructional Design
Authors: A Shukor Nurbiha , Abdullah Zaleha
Published: December 2019

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) allows teaching and learning for everyone. This means that people from any learning background can join any of the courses offered through MOOC platforms. Although learning materials are offered for free, learning retention and learning engagement were found to be consistently low alt-hough some MOOC are offered by well-known instructors. Many recent studies tried to understand the suitable instructional design in MOOC to improve learning en-gagement and retention. This study is an exploratory study to evaluate the potential of using learning analytics to improve instructional design in MOOC. Data were col-lected from a MOOC offered for two consequent years in a public university in Ma-laysia. The impact of learning analytics on MOOC instructional design was also dis-cussed.
The Lake Chad region as a crossroads: an archaeological and oral historical research project on early Kanem-Borno and its intra-African connections
Authors: Magnavita Carlos , Dangbet Zakinet , Bouimon Tchago
Published: December 2019

L’histoire de la région du lac Tchad est intrinsèquement liée à celle de l’empire Kanem-Borno (viiie-xixe siècle après J.-C.), l’État le plus ancien, le plus durable et le plus puissant du Soudan central. Cette réussite politique résultait en grande partie des relations économiques et culturelles que l’État avait naguère établies avec des régions africaines plus ou moins éloignées. Si les historiens sont conscients des liens très lointains que Kanem-Borno a entretenus au début avec l’Afrique du Nord et, plus tard, avec quelques régions de l’Afrique de l’Ouest, ses liens avec des régions orientales telles que le Darfour et la vallée du Nil restent jusqu’à présent mal compris. Dans le cadre d’un nouveau projet de recherche interdisciplinaire, les auteurs ont pour objectif de vérifier l’hypothèse selon laquelle la région du lac Tchad, au-delà de ses liaisons transsahariennes, était autrefois un carrefour majeur pour une route trans-soudanienne est-ouest non documentée reliant la vallée du Nil moyen à l’Afrique de l’Ouest à l’époque médiévale. Les auteurs présentent ici le contexte historique et archéologique du projet de recherche, son calendrier, ses objectifs généraux et les méthodologies utilisées pour comprendre l’un des thèmes les plus déroutants de l’archéologie et de l’histoire du Soudan central.
Pèlerinages d’empire
Authors: Chantre Luc
Published: December 2019

Cinquième pilier de la foi musulmane, le pèlerinage à La Mecque (ḥajj) attire chaque année, depuis le VIIe siècle, des milliers de musulmans vers les villes saintes du Hedjaz.

Manifestation unitaire et identitaire du monde musulman, le ḥajj semble à première vue n’entretenir que des rapports lointains avec une Europe qui dispose à Rome, à Jérusalem ou encore à Saint-Jacques de Compostelle de ses propres lieux de pèlerinage.

Et pourtant, à la suite de la colonisation d’une grande partie du monde musulman, les puissances impériales européennes ont, de leur propre initiative ou poussées par les événements, fait le choix d’une ingérence croissante dans l’organisation du pèlerinage à La Mecque.

Qui oserait imaginer que des voyageurs britanniques, français, hollandais, russes, italiens et, dans une moindre mesure, autrichiens et espagnols, déguisés en émir alépin en médecin afghan, ont franchi, parfois au péril de leur vie, le périmètre sacré interdit aux infidèles, là où les Musulmans des empires pouvaient se voir refuser, pour des raisons sanitaires ou politiques, d’accomplir leur devoir religieux ?

Qui se douterait encore aujourd’hui qu’Aristide Briand ou Benito Mussolini, à l’instar des sultans mamelouks ou des califes ottomans, ont attaché un soin particulier à la préparation des caravanes de pèlerinage ?

C’est ce « moment colonial » du ḥajj que cet ouvrage cherche à retracer : loin d’avoir les yeux rivés sur leur seul empire, les Européens n’ont cessé, des années 1840 au début de la décennie 1960, de s’épier, de s’imiter, de se jauger, faisant du ḥajj le terrain de cette confrontation permanente. Ignorant les frontières impériales, les pèlerins musulmans eux-mêmes ont contribué à faire du ḥajj une réalité transnationale, suscitant en retour la crainte des autorités coloniales, toujours promptes à voir dans cette manifestation l’ombre d’un complot panislamique.

Au fil des années, l’Europe n’en a pas moins accompagné la transformation du ḥajj en un phénomène de masse, quand elle n’a pas cherché à inventer de nouvelles formes de pèlerinage, avant que la réalité de la décolonisation ne vienne réduire à néant les rêves de grandeur de ces « puissances musulmanes ».