bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heterojen Araçlar ile Sürdürülebilir Birebir Toplama ve Dağıtım Problemi Üzerine Bir Analiz
Authors: TAŞDAN Muhammed Enes , MENTEN Cem , SOYSAL Mehmet , ÇİMEN Mustafa
Published: January 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, birebir toplama ve dağıtım problemi için önerilen modelin çeşitli senaryolar altında emisyon salınımı ve yakıt tüketimi gibi önemli faktörleri göz önünde bulundurarak uygulanabilirliğini ve kullanımından elde edilecek faydaları ortaya koyabilmektir.Yöntem: Bu çalışmada, araç rotalama probleminin alt türlerinden biri olan birebir toplama ve dağıtım problemi ele alınmaktadır. Problemin çözümü için bir Karışık Tam Sayılı Programlama modeli önerilmiştir.Bulgular: Analizler kapsamında, kısa mesafe yük taşımacılığı faaliyetlerinde elektrikli motora sahip araçların kullanımının emisyon salınımları ve maliyet bakımından faydaları ortaya konmuştur. Ek olarak, sürdürülebilirlik performansının daha da yukarıya çekilmesi adına, kullanılan elektrikli araçlar için ihtiyaç duyulan elektrik enerjisini güneş panelleri ile üretmeyi hedefleyen potansiyel bir yatırım için maliyet analizi yapılmıştır. Güneş panellerine yapılacak yatırımın düşük (ortalama %6) bir getiri oranına sahip oluşundan ötürü bu yatırımın finansal açıdan uygun olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır.Özgünlük: Literatürdeki ilgili çalışmalardan farklı olarak, dağıtımda kullanılacak araçların elektrikli ve dizel motorlu olduğu varsayılarak farklı senaryolar altında sürdürülebilirlik göstergeleri üzerine değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur. Ayrıca, güneş panellerine yapılacak yatırım sonucu elde edilecek çevresel fayda ile çalışmanın sürdürülebilir lojistik yönetimi literatürüne katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Lemborexant (Dayvigo)
Authors: CADTH
Published: January 2023

CADTH recommends that Dayvigo not be reimbursed by public drug plans for the treatment of insomnia, characterized by difficulties with sleep onset and/or sleep maintenance.

Two clinical trials showed that, compared to placebo, Dayvigo resulted in improvements in the time it takes to fall asleep, the time spent awake after initially falling asleep, and the time spent sleeping divided by the total time spent in bed measured during sleep studies.

It was uncertain whether the effect of Dayvigo was enough to make a clinically meaningful improvement for the sleep outcomes measured using patients’ sleep diaries.

Based on the evidence reviewed, it is uncertain whether Dayvigo offers a meaningful clinical benefit over other treatments used for insomnia. There was not enough evidence to conclude that Dayvigo meets patients’ needs for a treatment with long-term effectiveness that results in uninterrupted and restorative sleep, less stress and anxiety, improved productivity, improved relationships, and fewer side effects compared to other treatments for insomnia. It was also unclear if patients receiving Dayvigo would be able to manage their sleep problems without becoming dependent on the medication.
Evaluation of the application opportunities of precision livestock farming (PLF) for water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) breeding: SWOT analysis
Authors: Ermetin Orhan
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The use of technology in agriculture is increasing daily with the development of technology in all areas. With the help of PLF (precision livestock
farming) technologies and efficient use of inputs, economic, environmentally friendly, and better-quality products are obtained. Significantly its
use in dairy cattle is increasing daily, contributing to sustainable milk production in both economic and ecological terms. As the demand increased
in the world for water buffalo meat, milk, and dairy products, different breeding systems have been applied for more and higher-quality production
purposes. This way the number of water buffalo farms breeding in intensive conditions is increasing. It is necessary to investigate the
possibilities of using PLF technologies, which are still widespread in dairy cattle, in water buffalo breeding, and to benefit from the advanced
technology in this regard. This study aims to discuss the applicability of PLF technologies by surveying buffalo breeders. With the data obtained
from the survey results made with the water buffalo breeders, the strengths, opportunities, threats, and effects of the weaknesses were discussed
with the SWOT analysis.
Vertical profiles of volatile organic compounds and fine particles in atmospheric air by using aerial drone with miniaturized samplers and portable devices
Authors: Pusfitasari Eka Dian , Ruiz-Jimenez Jose , Tiusanen Aleksi , Suuronen Markus , Haataja Jesse , Kangasluoma Juha , Luoma Krista , Petäjä Tuukka , Jussila Matti , Hartonen Kari , Riekkola Marja-Liisa
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The increase of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions released into the atmosphere is one of the main threats to human health and climate. VOCs can adversely affect human life through their contribution to air pollution directly and indirectly by reacting via several mechanisms in the air to form secondary organic aerosols. In this study, aerial drone equipped with miniaturized air sampling systems including up to four solid-phase microextraction (SPME) Arrows and four in-tube extraction (ITEX) samplers for the collection of VOCs, along with portable devices for the real-time measurement of black carbon (BC) and total particle numbers at high altitudes was exploited. In total, 135 air samples were collected under optimal sampling conditions in October 2021 at the boreal forest SMEAR II Station, Finland. A total of 48 different VOCs, including nitrogen-containing compounds, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, organic acids, and hydrocarbons, were detected at different altitudes from 50 to 400 m above ground level with the concentrations up to 6898 ng m-3 in gas phase and 8613 ng m-3 in particle phase. Clear differences in VOCs distribution were seen in samples collected from different altitudes, depending on the VOC sources. It was also possible to collect aerosol particles by the filter accessory attached on the ITEX sampling system, and five dicarboxylic acids were quantified with the concentrations of 0.43 to 10.9 µg m-3. The BC and total particle number measurements provided similar diurnal patterns, indicating their correlation. For spatial distribution, surprisingly the BC concentrations were increased at higher altitudes being 2278 ng m-3 at 100 m and 3909 ng m-3 at 400 m. The measurements onboard the drone provided insights into horizontal and vertical variability in BC and aerosol number concentrations above the boreal forest.
Long-term monitoring of cloud water chemistry at Whiteface Mountain: the emergence of a new chemical regime
Authors: Lawrence Christopher E. , Casson Paul , Brandt Richard , Schwab James J. , Dukett James E. , Snyder Phil , Yerger Elizabeth , Kelting Daniel , VandenBoer Trevor C. , Lance Sara
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Atmospheric aqueous chemistry can have profound effects on our environment. The importance of chemistry within the atmospheric aqueous phase started gaining widespread attention in the 1970s as there was growing concern over the negative impacts on ecosystem health from acid deposition. Research at mountaintop observatories including Whiteface Mountain (WFM) showed that gas phase sulfur dioxide emissions react in cloud droplets to form sulfuric acid, which also impacted air quality by increasing aerosol mass loadings. The current study updates the long-term trends in cloud water composition at WFM for the period 1994–2021, with special consideration given to samples that have traditionally been excluded from analysis due to inorganic charge imbalance. We emphasize three major findings: (1) a growing abundance of total organic carbon (TOC), with annual median concentrations more than doubling since measurements began in 2009, (2) a growing imbalance between the measured inorganic cations and anions, consistent with independent rain water observations, implying that a substantial fraction of anions are no longer being measured with the historical suite of measurements, and (3) a growing number of samples exhibiting greater ammonium concentrations than sulfate plus nitrate concentrations, which now routinely describes over one-third of samples. Organic acids are identified as the most likely candidates for the missing anions, since the measured inorganic ion imbalance correlates strongly with measured TOC concentrations. An “inferred cloud droplet pH” is introduced to estimate the pH of the vast majority of cloud droplets as they reside in the atmosphere using a simple method to account for the expected mixing state of calcium and magnesium containing particles. While the inferred cloud droplet pH closely matches the measured bulk cloud water pH during the early years of the cloud water monitoring program, a growing discrepancy is found over the latter half of the record. We interpret these observations as indicating a growing fraction of cloud droplet acidity that is no longer accounted for by the measured sulfate, nitrate and ammonium concentrations. Altogether, these observations indicate that the chemical system at WFM has shifted away from a system dominated by sulfate to a system controlled by base cations, reactive nitrogen species and organic compounds. Further research is required to understand the effects on air quality, climate and ecosystem health.
Investigating hydroclimatic impacts of the 168–158 BCE volcanic quartet and their relevance to the Nile River basin and Egyptian history
Authors: Singh Ram , Tsigaridis Kostas , LeGrande Allegra N. , Ludlow Francis , Manning Joseph G.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The Ptolemaic era (305–30 BCE) is an important period of Ancient Egyptian
history known for its material and scientific advances, but also intermittent political and social unrest in the form of (sometimes widespread) revolts against the Ptolemaic elites. While the role of
environmental pressures has long been overlooked in this period of Egyptian
history, ice-core-based volcanic histories have identified the period as
experiencing multiple notable eruptions, and a repeated temporal association between explosive volcanism and revolt has recently been noted. Here we analyze the global and regional (Nile River basin) hydroclimatic response to a unique historical sequence of four large and closely timed volcanic eruptions (first a tropical one, followed by three extratropical northern hemispheric events) between 168 and 158 BCE, a particularly troubled period in Ptolemaic history for which we now provide a more detailed hydroclimatic context. The NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) GISS (Goddard Institute for Space Studies) ModelE2.1 Earth system model simulates a strong radiative response with a radiative forcing (top of atmosphere) of −7.5 W m−2 (following the first eruption) and −2.5 W m−2 (after each of the three remaining eruptions) at a global scale. Associated with this, we observe a global surface cooling of the order of 1.5 ∘C following the first (tropical) eruption, with the following three extratropical eruptions extending the cooling period for more than 15 years. Consequently, this series of eruptions is observed to constrain the northward migration of the inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ) during the Northern Hemisphere summer monsoon season, and major monsoon zones (African, South Asian, and East Asian) were seen to experience a suppression of rainfall of >1 mm d−1 during the monsoon (JJAS) season averaged for 2 years after each eruption. A substantial suppression of the Indian and North African summer monsoon (over the Nile River headwater region) was seen to strongly affect the modeled river flow in the catchment and discharge at river mouth. River mass flow over the basin was observed to decrease by 29 % and 38 % relative to an unperturbed (non-volcanic) annual mean flow in the first and second year, respectively, after the first (i.e., tropical) eruption. A moderate decrease ranging between 5 % and 18 % was observed after the third and fourth (extratropical) eruptions. These results indicate, in sum, that the first eruption likely produced a strong hydroclimate response, with the following extratropical eruptions prolonging this. These results also support the recently hypothesized association between ice-core-based signals of explosive volcanism and hydroclimatic variability during the Ptolemaic era, including the suppression of the agriculturally critical Nile summer flooding.
28 years of coastal subsidence evolution on the slow-moving Nice-Côte d’Azur airport area (France) revealed by InSAR: Insights into the deformation mechanism
Authors: Cavalié Olivier , Cappa Frédéric , Pinel-Puysségur Béatrice
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Coastal areas can be tremendously biodiverse and host as well a substantial part of the world population and many critical infrastructures. However, there are often fragile environments and face various hazards as flooding, coast erosion, land salinization or pollution, earthquake-induced land motions, or anthropogenic processes. In this article, we investigate the stability of the Nice-Côte d’Azur airport that has been built on reclaimed land in the Var river delta (French Riviera, France). This infrastructure is 5 a permanent concern since the partial collapse of the platform in 1979 and the on-going subsidence of the airport runways. Here, we used the full archive of ESA SAR images from 1992 to 2020 to comprehensively monitor the dynamics of the airport subsidence.We find that maximum downward motion rate is slowing down from 16 mm/yr in the 1990s to 8 mm/yr today. However, sediment compaction is still active and an acceleration phase of the continuous creep leading to a potential failure of a part of the platform cannot be excluded. Our study demonstrates the importance of remotely monitoring 10 of the platform to better understand coastal land motions, which will ultimately help evaluate and reduce associated hazards.
CFC-11 emissions are declining as expected in Western Europe
Authors: Redington Alison L. , Manning Alistair J. , Henne Stephan , Graziosi Francesco , Western Luke M. , Arduini Jgor , Ganesan Anita L. , Harth Christina M. , Maione Michela , Mühle Jens , O'Doherty Simon , Pitt Joseph , Reimann Stefan , Rigby Matthew , Salameh Peter K. , Simmonds Peter G. , Spain T. Gerard , Stanley Kieran , Vollmer Martin K. , Weiss Ray F. , Young Dickon
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Production and consumption of CFC-11 (trichlorofluoromethane, CCl3F), CFC-12 dichlorodifluoromethane, CCl2F2) and CCl4 (carbon tetrachloride) are controlled under the regulations of the Montreal Protocol and have been phased out globally for dispersive use since 2010. Only CCl4 is still widely produced under exemption as a chemical feedstock (non-dispersive use). After 2010, emissions of CFC-11 and CFC-12 should therefore mostly originate from existing banks (e.g. foams and refrigerators), however evidence emerged of an increase in global emissions of CFC-11, which was in part attributed to eastern China. Emissions of CFC-11, CFC-12 and CCl4 have subsequently declined in this region, however the total global increase in CFC-11 was not fully accounted for. The motivation for this work was to assess the emissions of CFC-11 and the associated gases, CFC-12 and CCl4, from Western Europe. All countries in this region have been subject to the controls of the Montreal Protocol since the late 1980s, and, as non-Article-5 Parties, have been prohibited from producing CFCs and CCl4 for dispersive use since 1995. Four different inverse modelling systems are used to estimate emissions of these gases from 2008–2021 using data from four atmospheric measurement stations: Mace Head (Ireland), Jungfraujoch (Switzerland), Monte Cimone (Italy) and Tacolneston (UK). The average of the four model studies found that Western European emissions of CFC-11, CFC-12 and CCl4 between 2008 and 2021 were declining at 3.5 (2.7–4.8) %, 7.7 (6.3–8.0) % and 4.4 (2.6–6.4) % yr−1 respectively. Throughout this period, the highest CFC-11 emissions were in Northern France and Benelux (Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg). Emissions of CFC-12 co-located in this region were slightly higher than elsewhere in Western Europe, and also showed some enhancement of CCl4 emissions. However for CCl4, emissions were highest in the south of France. France had the highest emissions of CFC-11, CFC-12 and CCl4 over the period 2008–2021. Emissions from Western Europe (2008–2021) were on average 2.4 ± 0.4 Gg (CFC-11), 1.3 ± 0.3 Gg (CFC-12), 0.9 ± 0.2 Gg (CCl4). This study concludes that the emissions of CFC-11 from Northern France and Benelux are unlikely to be the result of new production. Our estimated decline in emissions of CFC-11 is consistent with a Western European bank release rate of 3.4 (2.6–4.5) %, which is in the upper half of the published range.
200-year ice core bromine reconstruction at Dome C (Antarctica): observational and modelling results
Authors: Burgay François , Fernández Rafael Pedro , Segato Delia , Turetta Clara , Blaszczak-Boxe Christopher S. , Rhodes Rachael H. , Scarchilli Claudio , Ciardini Virginia , Barbante Carlo , Saiz-Lopez Alfonso , Spolaor Andrea
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Bromine enrichment (Brenr) has been proposed as an ice core proxy for
past sea-ice reconstruction. Understanding the processes that influence
bromine preservation in the ice is crucial to achieve a reliable
interpretation of ice core signals and to potentially relate them to past
sea-ice variability. Here, we present a 210 years bromine record that sheds
light on the main processes controlling bromine preservation in the snow and
ice at Dome C, East Antarctic plateau. Using observations alongside a
modelling approach, we demonstrate that the bromine signal is preserved at
Dome C and it is not affected by the strong variations in ultraviolet
radiation reaching the Antarctic plateau due to the stratospheric ozone
hole. Based on this, we investigate whether the Dome C Brenr record can
be used as an effective tracer of past Antarctic sea ice. Due to the limited
time window covered by satellite measurements and the low sea-ice
variability observed during the last 30 years in East Antarctica, we cannot
fully validate Brenr as an effective proxy for past sea-ice
reconstructions at Dome C.
Optimal Scheduling with Transportation Time and Equivalent Item for Item-Block
Authors: Kashyap Pradeep
Published: January 2023

The present chapter is devoted to study a scheduling problem with two machines arranged in series with transportation time and with the concept of equivalent item for item block. In order to transport the processed job from first machine to second there is a single transport agent, which returns empty to first machine to carry next jog after processing. Further, an optimal solution has been obtained for the scheduling problem involving weighted items and breakdown interval. The proposed algorithm has been applied on a numerical problem.
Keywords: Transportation Time Equivalent Item
A Kinetics Study of Solvent Effect on Thermodynamics Activation Parameter on alkali catalyzed Solvolysis of Methyl Salicylate in water-DMF Media
Authors: Singh A. K.
Published: January 2023

A kinetic study on Thermodynamic parameter of solvolysis reaction of methyl salicylate in water-DMF solvent system using different concentration of DMF (v/v) was made at four different temperature i.e. 20o C, 25o C, 30o C, 40o C.
It was observed that with increasing concentration (mole %) of the organic co-solvent in the reaction media, the values of the reaction goes on descending while value goes on enhancing. Hence, it was inferred that the reaction was entropy control.
The evaluated values of Iso-kinetic temperature are come to 202.62, which is less than 300, indicate weak interaction between solvent and solute present in the reaction media.
An Investigation for Evaluating Distinct Test Functions for Predicting Elastic Deformations of Metal Parts Using
Authors: Chhillar Ajay , Singh Rajender
Published: January 2023

Elastic deformation of metal parts has been a matter of great concern for investigation of researchers in academia and research institutions all over the world. Literature reveals that earlier researchers have applied efforts for evaluating Gaussian and spline test functions only for predicting elastic deformations. However few research efforts have been reported in literature for predicting elastic deformation through modified meshless method using exponential test functions. This paper presents an investigation for evaluating distinct test function for predicting elastic deformations of metal parts using modified meshless method. In present work, a modified meshless method has been implemented with three distinct test functions namely Gaussian, Exponential and Spline both with linear and quadratic basis function. Results of investigation reveal that Gaussian test function provides accurate results followed by exponential and spline functions. Effect of choosing different geometrical parameters affecting the solution for prediction of elastic deformation in case of exponential test function has also been presented here. Moreover, the present investigation for evaluating distinct test functions for predicting elastic deformations of metal parts using modified meshless method helps to observe that computational results with higher order basis functions are almost ten times better when compared with lower order basis functions.
Thermal Performance Improvements of Vapour Compression Refrigeration System Using Eco Friendly Based Nanorefrigerants in Primary Circuit
Authors: Mishra R. S. , Jaiswal Rahul Kumar
Published: January 2023

Now a days nano refrigerants are being considered as a most efficient heat transfer fluids having superior heat transfer properties than conventional refrigerants in various thermal applications. Refrigerant based nano fluid termed as “Nanorefrigerant” have the great potential for improve thing first law thermal performance in terms of coefficient of performance in the refrigeration and air conditioning system. The thermo physical properties by addition of different nanoparticle mixed with eco friendly refrigerant are analyzed and their effects on the coefficient of performance (C.O.P.) have been reported in this paper. The thermal modeling have been done for the same cooling load and same geometry parameter for all nanoparticles and refrigerant combination mixture in the vapour compression refrigeration based chiller system having two concentric tube type heat exchanger as evaporator and condenser. The experimental results are indicating the thermal conductivity, dynamic viscosity and density of nanorefrigerant (different nanoparticle i.e. Cu, Al2O3,CuO and TiO2 with eco friendly refrigerant R134a,R407c and R404A) increased about 15 to 94 %, 20% and 12 to 34 % respectively compared to base refrigerant on the other hand specific heat of nanorefrigerant is slightly lower that the base refrigerant. Moreover Al2O3/R134a nanorefrigerant shows highest C.O.P. of 35%. R404A and R407 with different nanoparticle show enhancement in C.O.P. about 3 to 14 % and 3 to 12 % respectively. Therefore application of nanorefrigerant in refrigeration and air conditioning system is most required to improve the performance of the system.
Mobile Recording Microscope
Authors: Prakash S. Saravana , Kumar S. Pravin
Published: January 2023

Microscope is an important diagnostic tool used widely in Science Technology. The widespread use of this tool can be seen in Medicine, Nuclear Sciences, and Education etc. Several attempts are being carried out to make microscopes easy to handle and user friendly. One such approach is the Mobile Recording Microscope which can be built using a simple smart phone. Unlike conventional microscopes, the mobile recording microscope uses the camera integrated in smart phones to record images. This reduces the efforts needed to store and transfer the recorded data. The replacement of wired medium and computer for recording images reduces the cost, space and difficulties incurred in use of microscopic devices. The hand-held smart phone for recording images assures anywhere and anytime use of the microscope. These advantages favour common man to use it independently without the assistance of a skilled person.
Identification, Selection and Evaluation of COTS Selection Criteria using Fuzzy Set Theory
Authors: Garg Rakesh , Sharma RK , Sharma Kapil
Published: January 2023

In the last decades, the development of the reliable and stable software with less development time and cost, has led to a great interest in CBSE (component based software engineering). The success of such component based systems mainly depends on the effective selection of COTS components among the various alternatives that meet the user’s requirements. So, a set of predefined selection criteria must be obtained for the effective selection and evaluation of various COTS components. In this research paper, the identification of various criteria for the selection of COTS component is done, and then these selection criteria are ranked according to their local and global weights.
Biological Unit operation for waste water treatment: Aerobic Process
Authors: Judal A. L. , Bhadania A. G. , Upadhyay J. B.
Published: January 2023

Dairy is one of the major industries causing water pollution. Considering the increased milk demand, the dairy industry in India is expected to grow rapidly and have the waste generation and related environmental problems are also assumed increased importance. Poorly treated wastewater with high level of pollutants caused by poor design, operation or treatment systems creates major environmental problems when discharged to the surface land or water. Aerobic biological treatment methods depend on microorganisms grown in an oxygenrich environment to oxidize organics to carbon dioxide, water, and cellular material. activated sludge is used to indicate the sludge which is obtained by settling sewage in presence of abundant oxygen. The activated sludge is biologically active and it contains a great number of aerobic bacteria and other microorganisms which have a got an unusual property to oxidize the organic matter. The activated sludge process has been employed extensively throughout the world in its conventional form and modified forms Various unit operations like physical, chemical and biological can play vital role in reduction of the waste water. Aerobic treatment of biological waste water like activated sludge, trickling filter, RBC, aerated lagoon with advance aerobic treatment unit SBR and summery of aerobic treatment unit with advantages and disadvantages are to be discussed in article.
Electrical Bioimpedance: Methods and Applications
Authors: Batra Padma , Kapoor Rajiv
Published: January 2023

Bio-electrical impedance analysis (BIA) is an inexpensive, quick and noninvasive technique for measuring body composition. Unlike other various complicated methods, bioimpedance measurement technique is simple and less time consuming for various applications including medicine, biotechnology and security system. BIA is a promising method for predicting changes in body composition and has the potential to replace the conventional methods of detection and diagnosis of diseases in near future. The results are reproducible and rapidly obtained. However it suffers from a lack of standardized methods and quality control procedures. This paper describes the theory and practical implementation of various methods to measure complex impedance of biological tissues. By reviewing the current development status of bioimpedance technology, the paper analyses the future emphasis of development and technology direction, in order to make bioimpedance technology gain wider clinical applications.
Energy-Exergy Performance Comparison of Vapour Compression Refrigeration Systems using three NANO Materials Mixed in R718 as secondry Fluid and R-1234yf and R-1234ze Ecofriendly Refrigerants in the Primary Circuit
Authors: Misra R. S.
Published: January 2023

The global warming and ozone depletion are serious issues and search for newand ecofriendly refrigerants for reducing global warming. The methods forimproving first law and second law efficiency have been considered by mixingnano particles mixed in secondary evaporator circuit with R718 and newelydeveloped ecofriendly refrigerants of low global warming potentials isproposed in this paper. Detailed energy and exergy analysis of vapourcompression refrigeration systems have been carried out using R1234yf (of GWP=4) and R1234ze (of GWP=6) in terms of performance parameter forvarious ecofriendly refrigerants for replacing R134a and otherrefrigerants after 2030.
The numerical computations have been carried out for variablecompressor speed vapour compression refrigeration systems. It wasobserved that first law and second law efficiency improved by 25% bymixing Copper nano particles in the R-1234yf and 18% using R1234zeecofriendly refrigerants in the primary circuit of vapour compressionrefrigeration systems.
Economic Analysis of the Nisargruna Based Bio-Methanation Plant
Authors: Anjum Aftab , Gupta Mohit , Jain Aadish
Published: January 2023

In the present paper economic as well as technological aspects of the biomethanation plant has been studied. Nisargruna technology converts almost any type of organic solid waste to bio methane as compared to the conventional cowdung/ animal faeces based biogas plants. The reduction in the size of the plant has attracted many institutions to erect it in a rather confined space with less setup time and reduced waste processing period along with enhanced output, this has greatly reduced the gestation period. A Nisargruna based plant has been installed at Delhi Technological University which handles 500 kg of organic solid waste per day aimed to supply the biogas to the university's canteen. About 60-65% biogas along with high quality manure which is completely organic in nature can be obtained from the plant. It can be inferred from the economical aspects that the plant has a gestation period between 2-3 years.
Mixing of Various Renewable Energy Technologies towards Development of Village Energy Need
Authors: Gupta Shubham , Mishra R. S.
Published: January 2023

This paper mainly deals with mixing of various Renewable energy technologies towards development of the village energy need. Main technologies are: solar biomass. The energy crisis and environmental degradation are currently two vital issues for global sustainable development. Smart Village means Electricity 24 hr as electricity is the key factor for the development. Need, Methodology Vision of this study is sustainable development as it is believed to develop India starts with developing Rural India first. This paper focuses on technical feasibility only.
Vapour Compression Refrigeration Technology for Sustainable Development
Authors: Misra R. S.
Published: January 2023

This paper mainly focus on CFCs and their alternatives to their use. The main critical issue in the field of green technologies is to develop the relationship between ODP and GWP and suggest new and alternative refrigerants which do not damage ozone layer and not to increase global warming. The first and second law thermodynamic analysis of vapor refrigeration system of 1.5 ton capacity for five eco-friendly refrigerants such as (R-1234yf, R-1234ze, propane (R-290), isobutene (R-600a), butane (R-600)) have been carried out in terms of performance parameters such as COP, Exegetic efficiency, ratio of exergy destruction in components such as condenser, compressor, throttle valve and evaporator. These performance parameters have been evaluated by varying condenser temperatures in the range from 300K to 327K and evaporator temperatures in the range from 274 K to 279K. It was observed that R-290 and R-600 (butane) and R-600a (isobutene) of zero ODP and zero GWP is best alternatives if its flammable problem will mitigate and R-1234ze (of zero ODP), are the next option of R-22 refrigerant.
Environmental Sustainability of Automobile AIR-Conditioning System with Refrigerant R1234YF
Authors: . Gaurav , Kumar Raj
Published: January 2023

Air- conditioning refrigerant R134a has value of global warming potential (GWP) 1300, which is much higher than MAC Directive (GWP below 150) passed in July 2006. This prompted a search for alternative eco-friendly refrigerant with GWP value less than 150. R1234yf is a new refrigerant which has lower GWP value of 4. Effect of blower speed in car air-conditioning has been compared and flammability issue of R1234yf has been addressed. Cooling time and relative humidity of car air-conditioning system using refrigerant R134a and R1234yf has also been discussed. The paper discusses various aspects for the replacement and provides a long term substitute of presently used refrigerant R134a in automobile air-conditioning for sustainable environment.
Failure Analysis of First Stage Gas Turbine Blade
Authors: Rani Sushila
Published: January 2023

In last few decades, the operating temperatures of gas turbine engines have been continually increased in order to achieve higher and higher power and efficiency. During the operation of power generation gas turbines, the blade and other components of hot gas path undergoes service induced degradation, which may be neutral or accelerated due to different causes. The degradation or damage may have a metallurgical or mechanical origin and results in reduction of equipment reliability and availability. It also increases risk of failure occurring. Also, due to blade material metallurgical deterioration, the material creep, fatigue, impact and corrosion properties decrease. There are different factors which influence blade lifetime as design and operation conditions but the latter are more critical.
Recent Advances in the Complementary and Alternative Medication: How Far Will It Go In Future
Authors: Kasumwal Anupriya , Kaur Navjot
Published: January 2023

The complementary and alternative medication has taken up a great market inmedicine and healthcare, worldwide. The patients as well as the doctors believein treating a disease not only with conventional drugs but also with holisticapproaches like the will power of the patient being cured and other herbal andalternative methods. Yoga, meditation, Ayurveda and acupuncture techniquesare playing their roles since a very long time. A study shows that about 80% ofthe total population relies on alternative techniques to relieve themselves frompain and other health related issues. The safe and appropriate use of this kind ofmedication is also very important if we need positive results as conventionaldrugs are also playing their parts along with the CAM. We can also fight withvarious adverse drug reactions by using different complementary andalternative medications. It not only cures a disease but also brings changes inthe lifestyle of the patients towards safe and healthy life ahead. The studiesconducted on the needs and demands of this type of medication have proventhat the future of complementary and alternative medication has a long wayahead. Although, the regular drug therapy shall never be avoided.
Reduction of Toxic Parameters in Effluents Through Coagulation and Flocculation Using Natural Plant Fibers
Authors: Panneerselvam V. Pon.
Published: January 2023

The present study deals with the determination of physical and chemical parameters inthe treatment process of waste water by flocculation and coagulation processes using natural coagulants and assessing their feasibility for water treatment by comparing the performance with each other and with a synthetic coagulant. Initial studies were done on the synthetic waste water to determine the optimal pH and dosage, the activity of natural coagulant, followed by the real effluent from tannery waste. The raw tannery effluent was bluish-black in colour, mildly basic in nature, with high COD 4000mg/l and turbidity in the range 700NTU, was diluted and dosed with organic coagulants, AloeVera, MoringaOleifera and Cactus (O.ficus-indica).. The study observed that coagulant Moringa Oleifera of 15 mg/L dose at 6 pH gave the best reduction efficiencies for major physicochemical parameters followed by Aloe Vera and Cactus under identical conditions. The study reveals that the untreated tannery effluents can be treated with environmental confirmative naturally occurring coagulants.
A Novel Method for Image Analysis and Exudates Detection in Retinal Images
Authors: Kumar H. S. Vijaya , P. T. Bharathi , R. Madhuri
Published: January 2023

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the pre-eminent causes of blindness among the diabetic affected patient. DR is caused by the sensitive tissue in the retina because of the damaged blood vessels. Early detection of DR can potentially reduce the risk of blindness and it could be prevented with an early screening process .In this paper authors have attempt to develop an automated exudates detection system for the classification of retinal image into exudates and non-exudates using PNN classifier. The methodologies involved in this work are Pre-processing, Optic disc elimination, Segmentation of exudates using K-means clustering technique, to classify these segmented images into exudates and non-Exudates image, a set of features based on texture and color are extracted using Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM). Feature selection is done using Genetic Algorithm, and then these selected features are classified into exudates and non-exudates using Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) classifier with an accuracy of 96.9%.
Ranking of Software Effort Estimation Selection Criteria Based On Fuzzy Set Theory
Authors: Jindal Aparna , Garg Rakesh , Bansal Ashu
Published: January 2023

The selection and evaluation of Software effort estimation models has always been a challenging task for the software developers and the project managers. A lot of research has been done by various researchers on this by considering it as multi-criteria decision making problem. So, a better understanding of various selection criteria and their importance in this regard is required. In this paper, first the identification of the various software effort estimation model selection criteria is done, then by applying fuzzy set theory the local and global weights of these selection criteria are calculated and finally the selection criteria are ranked according to their global weights showing the importance of each criterion.
Biological Waste Gas Treatment using Membrane Based Technology
Authors: Pandey Gaurav , Gupta Abhishek
Published: January 2023

This article presents a literature review on developments of membrane reactors for biological waste gas treatment as well as examples of applications to different compounds. The use of membranes combines selective separation of compounds from a waste gas stream followed by biological removal. Gas transport phenomena and different types of membranes used in biological waste gas treatment are discussed. So far, membrane-based biological waste gas treatment has only been tested on laboratory scale. If the long-term stability of these reactors can be demonstrated, membrane bioreactor technology can be useful in the treatment of gas streams containing poorly water-soluble pollutants and highly chlorinated hydrocarbons, which are difficult to treat with conventional methods for biological waste gas treatment.
Wetlands and their Role in Water Conservation: A Review
Authors: Pandey Gaurav
Published: January 2023

A wetland is an area of land whose soil is saturated with moisture either permanently or seasonally. Such areas may also be covered partially or completely by shallow pools of water. Wetlands include swamps, marshes, and bogs. The water found in wetlands can be saltwater, freshwater, or brackish. The world's largest wetland is the Pantanal which straddles Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguayan South America. Wetlands are considered the most biologically diverse of all ecosystems. Plant life found in wetlands includes mangrove, water lilies, cattails, sedges, tamarack, black etc. A swamp is a wetland with some flooding of large areas of land by shallow bodies of water. Saltwater is water from a sea or ocean. Fresh water is naturally occurring water on the Earth's surface in bogs, ponds, lakes, rivers and streams, and underground as groundwater in aquifers and underground streams. Brackish water is water that has more salinity than fresh water, but not as much as seawater spruce, cypress, gum tree, and many others. Animal life includes many different amphibians, reptiles, birds, insects, and mammals. In many locations, such as the United Kingdom, Iraq, South Africa and the United States, wetlands are the subject of conservation efforts and biodiversity Action Plans.
Energy Efficient Hybrid Digital Weighing Scale
Authors: N. Ezema Chukwuedozie
Published: January 2023

This main objective of this research was to design an energy efficient, hybrid digital weighing scale which can be used in all weight measuring operations. It is basically designed to take weights in kg and display on LCD. The design is justified on the basis of the purpose and importance of weight machine in various aspects. This machine can detect minute magnitude of weight placed over it and can accurately measure in kilograms and displays it over a digital scale. It could be used in homes, industries, shops and retail outlets for determining the weights of the various materials being sold to the customers so that the items may be correctly rated as per the displayed weight over the machine. It converts pressure into appropriate voltage levels. This voltage level is filtered and converted into digital data in the microcontroller which is then displayed on a LCD.
A Novel Design Approach of Low Power Consuming Decoder using Reversible Logic Gates
Authors: Bhandari Jugal
Published: January 2023

In current scenario, the reversible logic design is attracting more interest due to its low power consumption. Reversible logic is very important in low-power circuit design. The important reversible gates used for reversible logic synthesis are Feynman Gate, Fredkin gate, toffoli gate, new gate and peres gate etc. Reversible Logic requires non-destruction of information. Therefore the number of inputs must be equal to the number of outputs. (If there were more outputs than inputs, the reverse direction wouldn't be reversible!). This paper presents a compact realization of quantum n-to-2n decoder circuit, where n is the number of input bits. The proposed design of the decoder circuit shows that it is composed of the quantum 2-to-4 decoder circuit. We present a decoder circuit using simple Feynman gate and tofolli gates. Designed circuit performs better than the existing ones, e.g., the proposed decoder circuit improves on the number of gates, delay, area and power. We simulated the circuit using cadence tool in both analog and digital.
Impact of Phasor Measurement Unit The State Estimation of Large Power System
Authors: Kumar Jitender
Published: January 2023

The conventional iteration processes of power flow measurement of a system are bulky in nature. The new technique for measurement of bus voltage and power flow is Phasor Measurement Unit. Usually, the concept of full weighted least square state estimator is a nonlinear technique, but with conventional process and PMUs it may improves the accuracy of the measurement without doing a bulky iteration procedure. In this paper the way of formation of measurement by using Full weighted least square state estimation and PMU device with conventional method will be investigated. A number of cases are tested by use of PMUs and their effect on variables accuracy on system bus current and power flows are demonstrated. The assessment of parameter obtained on IEEE 6 bus and IEEE 9 bus system will be discussed.
Adsorption of Zn(II) from Aqueous Solution on Mango Leaves Powder
Authors: Kaushal Achla , Singh S. K.
Published: January 2023

Since ancient times, it’s a common practice in India to use mango tree leaves when there is a large crowd of people to ensure free flow of oxygen, for their ability to absorb excess carbon dioxide. Owing to its purifying nature, it has been studied for waste water treatment also. In the present study, potential of mango tree leaves have been investigated in removing zinc ions from aqueous solution. Batch adsorption studies were conducted to determine the optimum values of solution pH, zinc ion concentration in the solution, adsorbent dose and contact time at 20oC for maximum removal zinc ions from the synthetic solutions. It was observed that Zinc ion removal increased with increase in adsorbent dose and time. Optimum pH was 4. Equilibrium data was well described by the Langmuir, Freundlichand Temkin adsorption isotherm models.
Dealing with Challenges in Teaching Decision Sciences
Authors: Arora Nisha
Published: January 2023

The umbrella of decision sciences shelters applied mathematical areas such as optimization, and statistics, which helps in decision making in almost every field. Be it of managerial decision making for manufacturing or service industries, engineering, financial services, medical, psychological studies or any other aspect where there decision maker has an option to choose from alternatives available or make inferences on the basis of data, the role of decision scientist is inevitable. Although in different areas, terminology differs but the basics of decision sciences remains the same. Teaching decision sciences has always been a challenging task due to many factors, primarily the student’s phobia of mathematical subjects. Plethora of time, effort, patience and more importantly passion is required in preparing each class in an organized way. To present the complex mathematical concepts in cool understandable steps, to widen student’s interest by showcasing them applications of the same in their area of study, the part of instructor becomes very imperative. This paper discusses issues in teaching decision sciences, innovations in teaching pedagogy, and alternative assessment methods to create an enhanced learning environment. An attempt has been made to motivate the educator to focus their energy more on how to deliver the knowledge in a rhythmic pace to vastly improve student’s experience.
Happy Days- A Study in Existentialism
Authors: Kumar Jha Barun
Published: January 2023

Happy Days is an interesting play of Samuel Beckett which deserves a serious analysis in terms of existentialism. The play is in search of the meaning of man’s existence amid uncertainty in the world. Sometimes it is also interpreted as ‘mockery of unhappiness.’ This play is certainly different from other major plays of Samuel Beckett in which the protagonist seems a happy character, but, in fact, she frets in fever of the world. She is buried in a mound of earth and consumed by the earth every moment. After all, she gives the gesture of being happy. Both the characters Winnie and Willie are static, helpless and crippled like other characters of Beckett subject to suffering, frustration and absurdity in life. The play also delineates the sub- themes of existentialism like authenticity, death, bad-faith and nothingness with the help of these two characters. Moreover, the play develops in the tradition of absurd play challenging the classical norms of unities and plot. The stage setting in Happy Days seems strange like that of a realistic play reflecting the theme of existentialism. Lastly, the play gives the concept of absurd and cyclical time which presents the uncertainty of man’s existence in the world. Thus, the play is a typical one for existentialist study.