bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the use of techno‐economic evaluation on typical integrated energy technologies matching different companies
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Zhang Linjuan , Jiang Cheng , Xiao Chupeng , Wang Lili , Hu Wenbo , Yu Meng
Published: June 2021

This paper mainly establishes the cost‐benefit model for techno‐economic evaluation on typical integrated energy technologies matching different companies including photovoltaic, electric heat storage, ground source heat pump etc. The techno‐economic evaluation indicators such as net present value, investment payback period, and financial internal rate of return are considered. The proposed evaluation method is applied to separately analyze two real companies such as poultry and wood industry to conduct integrated energy technology matching, and then to analyze whether the configuration plan is feasible. The energy consumption and nature of the two enterprises are different, and the matched integrated energy technologies and the corresponding magnitudes are different. The results of the real case analyses show that the use of integrated energy technology will improve energy efficiency and reduce the energy costs.
The effect of environmental administrative penalty on firm’s cash flow: evidence from China
Authors: Ding Xiangan , Shahzad Mohsin
Published: June 2021

Ecological deterioration and environmental damage brought by high-speed economic growth in China caused high attention. Environmental administrative penalty is a powerful way for the government to realize environmental pollution control. When a firm is subjected to environmental administrative penalties, how the penalty affects operating cash flows is an important issue of concern to academic and practical circles. This paper examined the relationship between the environmental administrative penalty and the firm’s operating cash flow by using the ordinary least square method. It is found that environmental administrative penalty significantly decreases the firm’s operating cash flow in the following year. To increase the robustness of the result, the potential endogenous problems have been eliminated by using the two-stage least squares method. We found that the negative effect still exists. The finding increases the understanding of how environmental administrative penalties affect the firm operation and have practical enlightenments to corporate environmental management and environmental pollution control.
Synthesis of carbon dots-assisted MgAl-LDH hollow microspheres with hierarchical structure for the effective removal of Congo red from wastewater
Authors: Jia Zhigang , Han Cong , Chang Rui , Zhang Daqing
Published: June 2021

Hierarchical hollow Mg-Al layered double hydroxide microspheres (HHMs) are successfully prepared by hydrothermal treatment in the presence of carbon dots (CDs). Morphology and structure of the as-prepared samples are characterized using XRD, SEM, FT-IR, and TEM techniques. The growth process of HHMs has been investigated in detail, and Ostwald ripening mechanism is suggested for the hierarchical growth of HHMs. Adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics of HHMs for congo red (CR) are investigated. Langmuir and Temkin model are more fitted to the experimental data of CR isotherm adsorption. Adsorption kinetic data obeys the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Moreover, thermodynamic parameters (ΔGo, ΔHo and ΔSo) show that the CR adsorption onto HHMs is an endothermic and spontaneous process. The as-prepared HHMs could be a potential adsorbent for wastewater treatment containing anion dyes.
Influence of drying methods on quality of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. and mathematical modelling of the drying kinetics
Authors: Xia Dong , Jiang Lingyan , Cheng Jinxi , Hou Xiaoyan , Li Shanshan , Luo Qingying , Shen Guanghui , Wu Hejun , Chen Anjun , Zhang Zhiqing
Published: June 2021

In order to evaluate different drying methods on the quality of Zanthoxylum armatum DC and the change of moisture content of Z armatum during the drying process, the quality change was analyzed under three drying methods: Greenhouse drying equipment, Hot-air drying and Open sun-drying. The moisture loss was systematically recorded, converted to moisture ratio, and fitted to four semi-theoretical drying mathematical models: Lewis, Page, Henderson and Pabis, Avhad and Marchetti models. Comparisons of model fitness were using the coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), mean bias error (MBE) and absolute error (MAE). The results showed that the color of Z armatum obtained by the greenhouse drying equipment was bluish green, which was significantly different from the other two drying methods (p<0.05). The numb degree difference of Z armatum obtained by the three methods was not significant(p>0.05). The opening rate is better in greenhouse drying equipment and hot air 40°C drying. The content of linalool can reach 45.5738~55.3898% of the volatile oil. The drying mathematical models fitting results showed that Avhad and Marchetti models fitted best, and the R2 of the curve ranged from 0.9677 to 0.9967, which could accurately predict the change trend of moisture ratio of Z armatum in three drying methods with drying time.
Effects and optimal proposal analyses of soil and water conservation measures for disturbed accumulations of typical production and construction projects in Shenzhen City
Authors: Zhang Zhihua , Wang Qian , Xie Hao , Yang Jing , Xu Wensheng
Published: June 2021

Due to the specific natural conditions and high intensity of human activities in Shenzhen, the characteristics of water and soil erosion of Shenzhen are prone and frequent. There are no large rivers, lakes and reservoirs in Shenzhen, and the rainwater storage capacity is unsubstantial that result in some problems such as ecological environment deterioration, river siltation, drainage pipe network blockage, and aggravation of flood disasters. The work of soil and water conservation in Shenzhen is still grim. In this paper, the sediment under different soil and water conservation measures were measured based on long-term observation of typical road engineering, river engineering and pipeline engineering in Shenzhen. Then, the effect of soil and water conservation measures implemented in these typical engineering were analyzed. At last, the optimal proposals of soil and water conservation measures for these typical engineering were proposed. This research aims to provide data support for the formulation and modification of soil and water conservation technical specifications for production and construction projects in Shenzhen.
Labour division algorithm for a group of unmanned aerial vehicles in a clustered target field
Authors: Tebueva Fariza , Antonov Vladimir , Svistunov Nikolay
Published: June 2021

In this paper we propose an algorithm for tasks distribution (division of labour) for a group of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) when monitoring an emergency zone. The input data of the algorithm are information on the homogeneous group of UAVs, the coordinates of the home point, and a set of elementary subtasks coming from the command center. The presented algorithm is analytical and allows obtaining the correct distribution result for any consistent input data. The algorithm is based on the principle of preliminary combining elementary tasks into clusters on a territorial basis. The results of simulation showed that the proposed labour distribution algorithm allows to achieve an average of 4.7% – 12.8% less time to complete a global task in comparison with the greedy algorithm. We experimentally established that the best result is achieved when choosing a cluster size so that about 75% of tasks are included in clusters, and 25% of tasks remain free.
Numerals in authorial Turkish-language texts and the stylometric analysis
Authors: Zenkov Andrei , Zenkov Eugene , Zenkov Miroslav , Sazanova Larisa
Published: June 2021

Two approaches to the statistical analysis of texts are suggested, both based on the study of numerals occurrence in coherent texts. The first approach is related to the study of the frequency distribution of various leading digits of numerals occurring in the text. These frequencies are unequal: the digit 1 is strongly dominating; usually, the incidence of subsequent digits is monotonically decreasing. The frequencies of occurrence of the digit 1, as well as, to a lesser extent, the digits 2 and 3, are usually a characteristic author’s style feature, manifested in all (sufficiently long) texts of any author. This approach is convenient for testing whether a group of texts has common authorship: the latter is dubious if the frequency distributions are sufficiently different. The second approach is the extension of the first one and requires the study of the frequency distribution of numerals themselves (not their leading digits). The approach yields non-trivial information about the author, stylistic and genre peculiarities of the texts and is suited for the advanced discourse analysis. This paper deals with the application of the second approach to the literary texts in Turkish. We have analysed almost the whole corpus of works by are illustrated by examples of computer analysis of the literary texts by O. Pamuk and Y. Kemal – two of Turkey’s most prominent novelists. The hierarchical cluster analysis based on the occurrence of numerals in the texts by Pamuk and Kemal shows the author, genre, and chronology differences of numerals usage in the literary texts of these authors.
Telecommunications in healthcare: state, problems and prospects of development
Authors: Oshkordina Alla. , Badaev Felix
Published: June 2021

The authors of the article consider the features and problems of the introduction and implementation of telecommunications technologies in healthcare as one of the effective tools for improving the quality and accessibility of medical care to the population of Russia. The article systematizes and summarizes the information and theoretical material on the state and level of implementation of telecommunications technologies in the world practice. The authors present the results of the analysis of changes in the dynamics of telecommunications technologies used on the basis of a medical institution in the Sverdlovsk region. The main directions and prospects for the development of information technologies in medical organizations in the context of the prevention of coronovirus infection are determined. The authors draw a conclusion about the increase in the level of personification of the therapeutic and diagnostic process in modern healthcare, both on the part of the patient and on the part of the medical organization.
Cooperative control method of multi-missile formation under uncontrollable speed
Authors: Zhang Zhenlin , Zhang Ke , Lyu Meibo , Wang Minghao , Han Zhiguo
Published: June 2021

Under the missile speed is uncontrollable, a design method of multi-missile formation flight controller based on the sliding mode variable structure control theory and adaptive dynamic surface control theory is proposed. Firstly, according to the relative position of the leader and the follower in the inertial frame, the tracking error model for the relative position and the expected relative position between the leader and the follower is obtained, and the multi-missile formation control system in the inertial coordinate system is obtained. Secondly, in order to obtain the expression of the formation control system in the ballistic coordinate system, the acceleration of the missile in the ballistic coordinate system is converted to the inertial coordinate system. Combining with the tracking of the relative position and the desired relative position of the leader and the followers, we can obtain the simplified error model for the formation control system. Then the sliding mode variable structure control theory and the adaptive dynamic surface control theory are used to design the formation controllers for the leader and follower missiles respectively, and the stability of the present controller is analysed via the Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, the designed formation controllers are used for the leader and follower missiles to simulate the parameters. The results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the present method.
An approximate high-dimensional optimization method using hierarchical design space reduction strategy
Authors: Ye Pengcheng , Wang Congcong , Pan Guang
Published: June 2021

To overcome the complicated engineering model and huge computational cost, a hierarchical design space reduction strategy based approximate high-dimensional optimization(HSRAHO) method is proposed to deal with the high-dimensional expensive black-box problems. Three classical surrogate models including polynomial response surfaces, radial basis functions and Kriging are selected as the component surrogate models. The ensemble of surrogates is constructed using the optimized weight factors selection method based on the prediction sum of squares and employed to replace the real high-dimensional black-box models. The hierarchical design space reduction strategy is used to identify the design subspaces according to the known information. And, the new promising sample points are generated in the design subspaces. Thus, the prediction accuracy of ensemble of surrogates in these interesting sub-regions can be gradually improved until the optimization convergence. Testing using several benchmark optimization functions and an airfoil design optimization problem, the newly proposed approximate high-dimensional optimization method HSRAHO shows improved capability in high-dimensional optimization efficiency and identifying the global optimum.
Study on high quality surface finishing technology of pre-spinning nozzle in additive manufacturing
Authors: Liu Weiwei , Lyu Qian , Lei Liming , Hou Yanhao , Shi Lei
Published: June 2021

Through the simulation of abrasive flow in the inner cavity of the superalloy pre-spinning nozzle made by additive manufacturing, the special abrasive polishing tool is optimized and the surface polishing technology of the inner cavity of typical structure test pieceis studied. Through comparison of the surface morphology before and after polishing, it can be concluded that the abrasive flow has a considerable removal effect on the powder sticking effect, spheroidizing effect, step effect, slag hanging phenomenon and residual support on the surface of parts, but it has a limited effect on the surface pit of the substrate. After polishing, the surface roughness of the inner cavity of parts decreasea from Ra 3.1397 μm to Ra 0.5805 μm, and the surface roughness of blade position decreases from Ra 4.8473 μm to Ra 0.3606 μm. Through the range analysis, it is found that the effect intensity of the processing parameters on the surface roughness of the parts is in order of the processing time, processing pressure and abrasive particle size.
Structural similarity based common library detection method for Android
Authors: Mu Zhiying , Li Zhihu , Li Xiaoyu
Published: June 2021

The correct classifying and filtering of common libraries in Android applications can effectively improve the accuracy of repackaged application detection. However, the existing common library detection methods barely meet the requirement of large-scale app markets due to the low detection speed caused by their classification rules. Aiming at this problem, a structural similarity based common library detection method for Android is presented. The sub-packages with weak association to main package are extracted as common library candidates from the decompiled APK (Android application package) by using PDG (program dependency graph) method. With package structures and API calls being used as features, the classifying of those candidates is accomplished through coarse and fine-grained filtering. The experimental results by using real-world applications as dataset show that the detection speed of the present method is higher while the accuracy and false positive rate are both ensured. The method is proved to be efficient and precise.
Digitale Ernährungsberatung – ein Resümee
Authors: Hille Vera
Published: June 2021

Die Ernährungsberatung ist im Zeitalter der digitalen Kommunikation angekommen. Durch die Corona-Pandemie erreichte der Wandel im Beratungsgeschehen im vergangenen Jahr eine ungeahnte Dynamik. Zeit für ein persönliches Resümee.
Implementation of mandatory ERCP registration in The Netherlands and compliance with European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy performance measures: a multicenter database study
Authors: Theunissen Felix , van der Wiel Sophia E. , ter Borg Pieter C. J. , Koch Arjun D. , Ouwendijk Rob J. T. , Slangen Rob M. E. , Siersema Peter D. , Bruno Marco J. ,   on behalf of the Trans.IT foundation study group
Published: June 2021

Background In 2018, the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and United European Gastroenterology (UEG) published quality performance measures for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Since January 2016, all endoscopists in the Netherlands have been required to register all ERCP procedures in a nationwide quality registry. This study aimed to evaluate the procedural success rates of ERCP after the implementation of mandatory national registration and to compare these with the ESGE quality performance measures.

Methods This study was conducted with data from a multicenter endoscopy database. Data from 2019 and 2020 were analyzed. The primary outcome was ERCP procedural outcome. ESGE performance measures that could be evaluated were the percentage of successful bile duct cannulations in patients with virgin papillary anatomy; successful stent placement for a biliary obstruction located below the liver hilum; and complete removal of bile duct stones (< 10 mm).

Result In total, 5295 ERCPs performed in 11 centers were included for analysis. The overall procedural success rate was 89.1 %. Successful biliary cannulation in patients with a virgin papilla was 90.3 % in nonacademic and 92.4 % in academic centers. The rates of successful stent placement in patients with a biliary obstruction located below the liver hilum were 97.0 % in nonacademic and 98.2 % in academic centers, and of successful bile duct stone extraction were 97.9 % in both nonacademic and academic centers.

Conclusions The quality of ERCPs performed met five of the six evaluated ESGE performance measures. The 95 % target for successful biliary cannulation in patients with virgin papillary anatomy in academic centers was not met. Mandatory registration provides valuable insight into ERCP performance rates.
Arterial Ischemic Stroke—Peculiarities of Clinical Presentation and Risk Factors in Indian Children
Authors: Goraya Jatinder Singh , Berry Shivankshi , Kaur Amandeep , Singh Gagandeep
Published: June 2021

There are not enough recent studies on arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) in Indian children. We retrospectively reviewed data on 95 children (69 boys), aged 3 months to 17 years, with AIS. Focal signs were noted in 84 (88%) with hemiparesis in 72 (76%). Diffuse signs were present in 33 (35%) with fever in 22 (23%), altered mental status in 20 (21%), and headache in 12 (13%). Seizures occurred in 29 (31%) children. Arteriopathy was observed in 57 (60%) children with mineralizing lenticulostriate vasculopathy (mLSV) in 22 (23%) being the most common, followed by moyamoya in 14 (15%), arterial dissection in 9 (10%), and focal cerebral arteriopathy (FCA) in 8 (8%). Preceding head/neck trauma was present in 27 (28%) children: 23 had minor head trauma (MHT), 3 neck trauma, and 1 unspecified. Other common risk factors (RFs) were iron deficiency in 10 children, homocysteinemia in 8 children, and tuberculous meningitis in 5 children. Complete or nearly complete recovery occurred in 42 (44%). Nine children developed epilepsy and five cognitive and language disability. Stroke recurrences occurred in nine children. Overall, arteriopathies accounted for majority of the cases of childhood AIS in our study with mLSV and moyamoya being the most frequent. Compared with data from Western countries, FCAs, postvaricella arteriopathy, and arterial dissections were less common. Of the nonarteriopathic RFs, MHT, iron deficiency, homocysteinemia, and neuroinfections were most frequent in our cohort in contrast to cardioembolic diseases and inherited procoagulant conditions, which are common in developed countries.
Does Severity of Brain Injury on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predict Short-Term Outcome in Neonates Who Received Therapeutic Hypothermia?
Authors: Bhagat Indira , Agarwal Prashant , Sarkar Avishek , Dechert Ronald , Altinok Deniz , Chouthai Nitin
Published: June 2021

Objective The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pattern of brain injury is a known biomarker of childhood outcome following therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). However, usefulness of this classification has not been evaluated to predict short-term outcomes. The study aimed to test the hypothesis that infants with NICHD MRI pattern of severe hypoxic–ischemic brain injury will be sicker with more severe asphyxia-induced multiorgan dysfunction resulting in prolonged length of stay (LOS) following therapeutic hypothermia. We also evaluated the role of other risk factors which may prolong LOS.

Study Design We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 71 consecutively cooled neonates to examine the ability of MRI patterns of brain injury to predict the LOS. A neuroradiologist masked to outcomes classified the patterns of brain injury on MRI as per NICHD. Pattern 2A (basal ganglia thalamic, internal capsule, or watershed infarction), 2B (2A with cerebral lesions), and 3 (hemispheric devastation) of brain injury was deemed “severe injury.”

Results Out of 71 infants, 59 surviving infants had both MRI and LOS data. LOS was higher for infants who had Apgar's score of ≤5 at 10 minutes, severe HIE, seizures, coagulopathy, or needed vasopressors or inhaled nitric oxide, or had persistent feeding difficulty, or remained intubated following cooling. However, median LOS did not differ between the infants with and without MRI pattern of severe injury (15 days, interquartile range [IQR]: 9–28 vs. 12 days, IQR: 10–20; p = 0.4294). On multivariate linear regression analysis, only persistent feeding difficulty (β coefficient = 11, p = 0.001; or LOS = 11 days longer if had feeding difficulty) and ventilator days (β coefficient 1.7, p < 0.001; or LOS increased 1.7 times for each day of ventilator support) but not the severity of brain injury predicted LOS.

Conclusion Unlike neurodevelopmental outcome, LOS is not related to severity of brain injury as defined by the NICHD.

Key Points
Assessment and Management of Delirium in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Review
Authors: Liviskie Caren , McPherson Christopher , Luecke Caitlyn
Published: June 2021

Many critically ill patients suffer from delirium which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. There is a paucity of data about the incidence, symptoms, or treatment of delirium in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Risk factors for delirium are common in the PICU including central nervous system immaturity, developmental delay, mechanical ventilation, and use of anticholinergic agents, corticosteroids, vasopressors, opioids, or benzodiazepines. Hypoactive delirium is the most common subtype in pediatric patients; however, hyperactive delirium has also been reported. Various screening tools are validated in the pediatric population, with the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium (CAPD) applicable to the largest age range and able to detect signs and symptoms consistent with both hypo- and hyperactive delirium. Treatment of delirium should always include identification and reversal of the underlying etiology, reserving pharmacologic management for those patients without symptom resolution, or with significant impact to medical care. Atypical antipsychotics (olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone) should be used first-line in patients requiring pharmacologic treatment owing to their apparent efficacy and low incidence of reported adverse effects. The choice of atypical antipsychotic should be based on adverse effect profile, available dosage forms, and consideration of medication interactions. Intravenous haloperidol may be a potential treatment option in patients unable to tolerate oral medications and with significant symptoms. However, given the high incidence of serious adverse effects with intravenous haloperidol, routine use should be avoided. Dexmedetomidine should be used when sedation is needed and when clinically appropriate, given the positive impact on delirium. Additional well-designed trials assessing screening and treatment of PICU delirium are needed.
Anxiety, gender, and social media consumption predict COVID-19 emotional distress
Authors: Heffner Joseph , Vives Marc-Lluís , FeldmanHall Oriel
Published: June 2021

Fear and anxiety about COVID-19 have swept across the globe. Understanding the factors that contribute to increased emotional distress regarding the pandemic is paramount—especially as experts warn about rising cases. Despite large amounts of data, it remains unclear which variables are essential for predicting who will be most affected by the distress of future waves. We collected cross-sectional data on a multitude of socio-psychological variables from a sample of 948 United States participants during the early stages of the pandemic. Using a cross-validated hybrid stepwise procedure, we developed a descriptive model of COVID-19 emotional distress. Results reveal that trait anxiety, gender, and social (but not government) media consumption were the strongest predictors of increasing emotional distress. In contrast, commonly associated variables, such as age and political ideology, exhibited much less unique explanatory power. Together, these results can help public health officials identify which populations will be especially vulnerable to experiencing COVID-19-related emotional distress.
Scattering-induced amplification of two-dimensional plasmons: Electromagnetic modeling
Authors: Zonetti S. , Siaber S. , Cunningham J. E. , Sydoruk O.
Published: June 2021

Using two rigorous electromagnetic approaches, we study plasmon scattering in two-dimensional systems and show that plasmon amplification is possible in the presence of dc currents. Two scenarios are considered: plasmon scattering from an interface between different two-dimensional channels and plasmon reflection from electric contacts of arbitrary thickness. In each case, the effect of a dc current of the plasmon reflection and transmission coefficients and the plasmon power are both quantified. A resonant system is studied where plasmon roundtrip gain may exceed unity, showing the possibility of plasmon generation.
Interaction of two approximately equal-size bubbles produced by sparks in a free field
Authors: Liang Wen , Chen Rong , Zheng Jian , Li Xiangyu , Lu Fangyun
Published: June 2021

A series of experiments are performed to study the interaction of two bubbles of approximately equal size in free-field water for different parameter combinations (i.e., the phase difference θ and the initial distance d*). First, a high-voltage discharge device that can generate multiple bubbles of different sizes in water and accurately control the time of bubble generation is introduced. For different discharge voltages, the maximum radius and the first oscillation period of a single bubble and the shock wave energy and bubble energy conversion rate are studied through high-speed photography, current monitoring, voltage probes, and an underwater free-field pressure sensor. Then the distance of the center of mass and average radius of two bubbles generated at different distances at the same time are compared with a theoretical model and good consistency is obtained when the initial distance is greater than the bubble diameter. Finally, the interaction phenomena of two bubbles generated with different initial distances and phase differences are divided into five categories, namely, coalescence, failed catapult, piercing jet, jet toward, and jet away, and the boundary conditions used to distinguish different phenomena are given. For the piercing jet, a high-speed fine jet will be generated in the bubble generated later. The jet will penetrate the wall of the bubble and propagate steadily in the water at high speed (∼79 m/s). The velocity of the jet in the bubble and in water generated with different parameter combinations is statistically analyzed, and the velocity distribution cloud diagrams are given.
Influence of randomly distributed vacancy defects on thermal transport in two-dimensional group-III nitrides
Authors: Karaaslan Yenal , Haskins Justin B. , Yapicioglu Haluk , Sevik Cem
Published: June 2021

Efficient thermal transport control is a fundamental issue for electronic device applications such as information, communication, and energy storage technologies in modern electronics in order to achieve desired thermal conditions. Structural defects in materials provide a mechanism to adjust the thermal transport properties of these materials on demand. In this context, the effect of structural defects on lattice thermal conductivities of two-dimensional hexagonal binary group-III nitride (XN, X=B, Al, and Ga) semiconductors is systematically investigated by means of classical molecular dynamics simulations performed with recently developed transferable inter-atomic potentials accurately describing defect energies. Here, two different Green–Kubo based approaches and another approach based on non-equilibrium molecular dynamics are compared in order to get an overall understanding. Our investigation clearly shows that defect concentrations of 3% decrease the thermal conductivity of systems containing these nitrites up to 95%. Results hint that structural defects can be used as effective adjustment parameters in controlling thermal transport properties in device applications associated with these materials.
On a reformulation of Navier–Stokes equations based on Helmholtz–Hodge decomposition
Authors: Caltagirone Jean-Paul
Published: June 2021

The proposal for a new formulation of the Navier–Stokes equations is based on a Helmholtz–Hodge decomposition where all the terms corresponding to the physical phenomena are written as the sum of a divergence-free term and another curl-free term. These transformations are founded on the bases of discrete mechanics, an alternative approach to the mechanics of continuous media, where conservation of the acceleration on a segment replaces that of the momentum on a volume. The equation of motion thus becomes a law of conservation of total mechanical energy per volume unit where the conservation of mass is no longer necessarily an additional law. The new formulation of the Navier–Stokes equations recovers the properties of the discrete approach without altering those of its initial form; the solutions of the classical form are also those of the proposed formulation. Writing inertial terms in two components resulting from the Helmholtz–Hodge decomposition gives the equation of motion new properties when differential operators are applied to it directly.
The intra-S phase checkpoint directly regulates replication elongation to preserve the integrity of stalled replisomes
Authors: Liu Yang , Wang Lu , Xu Xin , Yuan Yue , Zhang Bo , Li Zeyang , Xie Yuchen , Yan Rui , Zheng Zeqi , Ji Jianguo , Murray Johanne M. , Carr Antony M. , Kong Daochun
Published: June 2021

Significance

The intra-S phase checkpoint is essential to stabilize stalling/stalled replication forks. However, the mechanism underlying checkpoint regulation is poorly understood; two key questions remain to be answered: 1) why are stalling forks unstable when checkpoint is deficient, and 2) which protein(s) is the critical target of checkpoint regulation? Here, we demonstrate that CMG replicative helicase becomes uncoupled from stalled/blocked DNA polymerases in checkpoint-deficient
cds1
Chk2
△ cells, likely reflecting physical separation of the helicase and polymerases. This uncoupling is prevented by the Cds1
Chk2
-mediated phosphorylation of Cdc45. We propose that replication elongation is directly regulated in response to replication fork stalling via phosphorylation of Cdc45, which significantly reduces CMG helicase processivity, in order to prevent helicase–polymerase uncoupling and promote replication fork stability.
Ende oration and final /n/-realisation
Authors: Lindsey Kate L.
Published: June 2021

This paper presents a sociophonetic analysis of word-final /n/-elision in Ende (Pahoturi River; Papuan). An analysis of 73 speakers reveals that tense, phonological context, and most significantly, whether or not the speaker is a kawa practitioner, a prestigious type of public oration, are significantly correlated with /n/-retention. A closer look at just five kawa practitioners reveals that age and genre may also play a role. The present study matches Schokkin’s analysis of /n/-elision in Idi (this issue). Indeed, the findings support her conclusions that this pattern is one of /n/-elision (not /n/-addition) and show similarities in conditioning factors. Analysing sociolinguistic variation in this region presents a unique set of benefits and challenges. This paper discusses how emically-derived categories relating to age, clan, and orator status may deviate from characterisations of prestige in Westernised and urbanised societies but better fit southern New Guinea’s social context.
Biotechnology.
Authors: Mishra Maneesh , Muthukumar M. , Kumar Sandeep
Published: June 2021

This chapter provides information on the various accomplishments and technological advancements in guava genetic resources made using biotechnological interventions.
Cultivars and plant improvement.
Authors: Mitra Sisir
Published: June 2021

The major objectives of guava breeding are aimed at improving both plant and fruit characteristics such as to develop high-yielding, high-quality dwarf cultivars with fruits of uniform shape, good size, attractive skin and pulp colour, fewer and/or soft seeds, resistant to wilt, nematodes and long storage life. Selection of superior seedlings has resulted in the development of a number of cultivars in different countries. This chapter describes the Psidium species used in breeding (Psidium cattleyanum, P. guineense, P. acutangulum, P. friedrichsthalianum, P. angulatum and P. littorale), objectives of breeding programmes, introduction and selection, inheritance pattern, interspecific hybridization, polyploidy, mutation and molecular characterization. Guava cultivars growing in different countries (Brazil, China, Egypt, India, Israel, Malaysia, Mexico, Pakistan, South Africa, Taiwan, Thailand, USA and vietnam) are also described.
Major cut flowers.
Authors: Faust James E. , Dole John M.
Published: June 2021

This chapter provides information on some of the highest value cut flower species from the major production regions as well as a few other species that represent the diversity of production systems, such as gladiolus, peonies and sunflowers, dendrobiums, and filler plants such as gypsophila and statice.
Cut foliages.
Authors: Faust James E. , Dole John M.
Published: June 2021

This chapter focuses on cut foliage, which refers to leaves and stems harvested for the purpose of providing texture, color and depth to bouquets and floral arrangements. Information on the categorization of cut foliage species based on various environmental factors and harvest and postharvest systems. Some examples of tropical and subtropical cut foliage species are provided along with their cultivation, harvesting and postharvest requirements are also presented.
Evaluation of acrylamide-based molecularly imprinted polymer thin-sheets for specific protein capture—a myoglobin model
Authors: Sullivan Mark V , Dennison Sarah R , Hayes Joseph M , Reddy Subrayal M
Published: June 2021

We evaluate a series of thin-sheet hydrogel molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), using a family of acrylamide-based monomers, selective for the target protein myoglobin (Mb). The simple production of the thin-sheet MIP offers an alternative biorecognition surface that is robust, stable and uniform, and has the potential to be adapted for biosensor applications. The MIP containing the functional monomer N-hydroxymethylacrylamide (NHMAm), produced optimal specific rebinding of the target protein (Mb) with 84.9% (± 0.7) rebinding and imprinting and selectivity factors of 1.41 and 1.55, respectively. The least optimal performing MIP contained the functional monomer N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAm) with 67.5% (± 0.7) rebinding and imprinting and selectivity factors of 1.11 and 1.32, respectively. Hydrogen bonding effects, within a protein-MIP complex, were investigated using computational methods and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The quantum mechanical calculations predictions of a red shift of the monomer carbonyl peak is borne-out within FTIR spectra, with three of the MIPs, acrylamide, N-(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide, and N-(hydroxyethyl) acrylamide, showing peak downshifts of 4, 11, and 8 cm−1, respectively.
A short C-terminal peptide in Gγ regulates Gβγ signaling efficacy
Authors: Tennakoon Mithila , Senarath Kanishka , Kankanamge Dinesh , Chadee Deborah N. , Karunarathne Ajith
Published: June 2021

G protein beta-gamma (Gβγ) subunits anchor to the plasma membrane (PM) through the carboxy-terminal (CT) prenyl group in Gγ. This interaction is crucial for the PM localization and functioning of Gβγ, allowing GPCR-G protein signaling to proceed. The diverse Gγ family has twelve members, and we have recently shown that the signaling efficacies of major Gβγ effectors are Gγ-type dependent. This dependency is due to the distinct series of membrane-interacting abilities of Gγ. However, the molecular process allowing for Gβγ subunits to exhibit a discrete and diverse range of Gγ-type dependent membrane affinities is unclear and cannot be explained only using the type of prenylation. The present work explores the unique designs of membrane-interacting CT-residues in Gγ as a major source for this Gγ-type dependent Gβγ signaling. Despite the type of prenylation, results show signaling efficacy at the PM, and associated cell behaviors of Gβγ are governed by crucially located specific amino acids in the 5–6 residue pre-prenylation region of Gγ. The provided molecular picture of Gγ–membrane interactions may explain how cells gain Gγ-type dependent G protein-GPCR signaling as well as how Gβγ elicits selective signaling at various subcellular compartments.
RENANO: a REference-based compressor for NANOpore FASTQ files
Authors: Dufort y Álvarez Guillermo , Seroussi Gadiel , Smircich Pablo , Sotelo-Silveira José , Ochoa Idoia , Martín Álvaro
Published: June 2021

Motivation

Nanopore sequencing technologies are rapidly gaining popularity, in part, due to the massive amounts of genomic data they produce in short periods of time (up to 8.5 TB of data in <72 h). To reduce the costs of transmission and storage, efficient compression methods for this type of data are needed.

Results

We introduce RENANO, a reference-based lossless data compressor specifically tailored to FASTQ files generated with nanopore sequencing technologies. RENANO improves on its predecessor ENANO, currently the state of the art, by providing a more efficient base call sequence compression component. Two compression algorithms are introduced, corresponding to the following scenarios: (1) a reference genome is available without cost to both the compressor and the decompressor and (2) the reference genome is available only on the compressor side, and a compacted version of the reference is included in the compressed file. We compare the compression performance of RENANO against ENANO on several publicly available nanopore datasets. RENANO improves the base call sequences compression of ENANO by 39.8% in scenario (1), and by 33.5% in scenario (2), on average, over all the datasets. As for total file compression, the average improvements are 12.7% and 10.6%, respectively. We also show that RENANO consistently outperforms the recent general-purpose genomic compressor Genozip.

Availability and implementation

RENANO is freely available for download at: https://github.com/guilledufort/RENANO.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Allusion, reasoning and luring in Chinese psychological warfare
Authors: Chung Youngjune
Published: June 2021

China's global proliferation of psychological warfare, operating in small signatures and low visibility, reflects a cultural continuity of ancient strategic thought and martial philosophy. Contemporary analysis explains how China's attempts to coerce and persuade its target entities work through systematic deception and perception management to achieve its authoritarian objectives. However, there are gaps in the understanding of these operations as distinct from conventional statecraft, and in the configuration and mechanism of actions constituting bottom-up change toward subduing the enemy without fighting. To guide the analysis of China's psychological warfare in an organized manner, an explanatory framework of three cultural drivers—allusion (anshi), reasoning (douzhi) and luring (yinyou)—and six tactics—induction (youdao), coercion (xiepo), sentiment (qinggan), hoax (xirao), persuasion (ganhua) and disguise (qiaozhuang)—were devised. It is argued that the deeply rooted ideational and materially embodied dynamics continue to exploit western social vulnerabilities and the open nature of democratic institutions by introducing policy confusion, assimilation and division. However, failing to recognise these as normative social practices will result in misguided counter-measures aimed at transforming the communist system into a capitalist democracy, triggering domestic social unrest, or discrediting the CCP leadership in the eyes of the world and the Chinese people.
Constitutional locks
Authors: Gilbert Michael D , Guim Mauricio , Weisbuch Michael
Published: June 2021

Legal designers use different mechanisms to entrench constitutions. This article studies one mechanism that has received little attention: constitutional “locks,” or forced waiting periods for amendments. We begin by presenting a global survey, which reveals that locks appear in sixty-seven national constitutions. They vary in length from nine days to six years, and they vary in reach, with some countries “locking” their entire constitution and others locking only select parts. After presenting the survey, we consider rationales for locks. Scholars tend to lump locks with other tools of entrenchment, such as bicameralism and supermajority rule, but we argue that locks have distinct and interesting features. Specifically, we theorize that locks can cool passions better than other entrenchment mechanisms, promote principled deliberation by placing lawmakers behind a veil of ignorance, and protect minority groups by creating space for political bargaining. Legislators cannot work around locks, and because locks are simple and transparent, lawmakers cannot “break” them without drawing attention. For these reasons, we theorize that locks facilitate constitutional credibility and self-enforcement, perhaps better than other entrenchment mechanisms.
Effects of observational data shortage on accuracy of global solar activity forecast
Authors: Kitiashvili Irina N
Published: June 2021

Building a reliable forecast of solar activity is a long-standing problem that requires an accurate description of past and current global dynamics. Relatively recently, synoptic observations of magnetic fields and subsurface flows have become available. In this paper, we present an investigation of the effects of short observational data series on the accuracy of solar cycle prediction. This analysis is performed using the annual sunspot number time-series applied to the Parker–Kleeorin–Ruzmaikin dynamo model and employing the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) data assimilation method. The testing of cycle prediction accuracy is performed for the last six cycles (for Solar Cycles 19–24) by sequentially shortening the observational data series to predict a target cycle and evaluate the resulting prediction accuracy according to specified criteria. According to the analysis, reliable activity predictions can be made using relatively short time-series of the sunspot number. The accuracy of the solar activity has a weak dependence on the length of available observations. It is demonstrated that at least three cycles of observations are needed to obtain robust forecasts.
Thermodynamic evolution of the z = 1.75 galaxy cluster IDCS J1426.5+3508
Authors: Andreon S , Romero C , Castagna F , Ragagnin A , Devlin M , Dicker S , Mason B , Mroczkowski T , Sarazin C , Sievers J , Stanchfield S
Published: June 2021

We present resolved thermodynamic profiles out to 500 kpc, about r500, of the z = 1.75 galaxy cluster IDCS J1426.5+3508 with 40 kpc resolution. Thanks to the combination of Sunyaev–Zel’dovich and X-ray data sets, IDCS J1426.5+3508 becomes the most distant cluster with resolved thermodynamic profiles. These are derived assuming a non-parametric pressure profile and a very flexible model for the electron density profile. The shape of the pressure profile is flatter than the universal pressure profile. The IDCS J1426.5+3508 temperature profile is increasing radially out to 500 kpc. To identify the possible future evolution of IDCS J1426.5+3508 , we compared it with its local descendants that numerical simulations show to be 0.65 ± 0.12 dex more massive. We found no evolution at 30 kpc, indicating a fine tuning between cooling and heating at small radii. At 30 < r < 300 kpc, our observations show that entropy and heat must be deposited with little net gas transfer, while at 500 kpc the gas need to be replaced by a large amount of cold, lower entropy gas, consistent with theoretical expectation of a filamentary gas stream, which brings low entropy gas to 500 kpc and energy at even smaller radii. At r ≳ 400 kpc the polytropic index takes a low value, which indicates the presence of a large amount of non-thermal pressure. Our work also introduces a new definition of the evolutionary rate that uses unscaled radii, unscaled thermodynamic quantities, and different masses at different redshifts to compare ancestors and descendants. It has the advantage of separating cluster evolution, dependence on mass, pseudo-evolution, and returns a number with unique interpretation, unlike other definitions used in literature.
HL Dra: an active Algol-like binary system with a pulsating component star and a cool third body
Authors: Shi Xiang-dong , Qian Sheng-bang , Li Lin-jia , Liao Wen-ping
Published: June 2021

HL Draconis (HL Dra) is an oscillating eclipsing binary with an orbital period of 0.944276 d. By analysing the light curves observed with the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), it has been detected that HL Dra is an Algol-like binary system with a mass ratio of 0.361, where the radius filling factor (=r/RL) of the primary and secondary component is $87\, {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ and $98\, {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, respectively. The secondary component is almost filling its critical Roche lobe, but not entirely. The absolute parameters of the component are estimated in this paper. Both the variable O’Connell effect and the existence of superflares indicate that the secondary should have strong magnetic activities. It is discovered that the O − C curve shows a sinusoidal variation with a period of 129.88 yr. This cyclic change might be caused by the effects of the light travel time as a result of the presence of a cool red dwarf third body. The correlations between the changes of the O − C diagrams and the variable O’Connell effect during TESS observations might be caused by the magnetic activity of the secondary (i.e. the Applegate mechanism). After removal of the binary model, a total of 252 pulsation frequencies are detected from the high-precision photometric data of TESS, including 28 multiplets of tidally split frequencies. We identify two radial modes, 21 non-radial p-modes and three non-radial f-modes from the possible independent frequencies. All of these features reveal that HL Dra is a very interesting system for further investigations of binary formation and evolution, and for tidal interactions on stellar pulsations and on magnetic activities.