bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perception of Obesity in Adult Women
Authors: Ríos Lizet García , Galindo María del Carmen Omaña , Serrano Gustavo Peña , Gaitan Indira Vega , Ledezma Jesús Carlos Ruvalcaba
Published: September 2023

Obesity is a health problem that has increased since 1975. For this reason, to treat the disease, a transdisciplinary intervention is needed, however, this problem can be affected by the perception that people have about obesity, because the way people see and approach the problem is influenced by the sociocultural environment.

Objective: to know what is the perception and approach that adult women from 19 to 49 years of age have about obesity.

Methods: qualitative ethno-methodological study through an in-depth interview that included 6 adult women from 19 to 49 years of age whit diagnosed obesity from Mixquiahuala, Hidalgo. The data was then analyzed with the ATLAS.ti software.

Results: people may understand that obesity is a problem, and identify methods to control body weight, however, some tend to minimize the problem, making it difficult for them to achieve satisfactory results, and may face physical and social difficulties because of the weight excess they live with.

Conclusion: People are aware of obesity; as well as different strategies for its treatment, however, they do not consider it a health problem, even minimizing it. Therefore, it is necessary to develop strategies that allow people to identify obesity as a disease associated to health risks.
Influence of Nitrogen and Foliar Application of Nano Zinc on Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Singh Paritosh , Umesha C.
Published: September 2023

The field experiment was conducted to find out the effect of Phosphorus and Iron on growth and yield of Wheatduring Rabi2023 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P). Totally there were ten treatments which were replicated thrice along with control plot. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design. Results that observed that Significant and higher plant height (91.47 cm), number of tillers / hill (7.60), plant dry weight (25.31 g), number of effective tillers/hill (6.00), grains/spike (49.80), test weight (43.40g), grain yield (5.90 t/ha) and straw yield (7.02 t/ha) and also maximum Gross returns (1,15,460.00INR/ha), Net returns (79,447.00INR/ha) and Benefit cost ratio (2.21) was also recorded in treatment 6 (Nitrogen 125% + Nano zinc 4ml).
Influence of Sulphur and Molybdenum on Growth, Yield and Economics of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Kundu Sachin , Mehera Biswarup , Kumar Prateek , Jakhad Ajeet
Published: September 2023

A research trail was conducted in Kharif 2022, at Crop research form, SHUATS, Prayagraj. To study the “Influence of Sulphur and Molybdenum on Growth, Yield and Economics of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)” The treatments consist of three levels of Sulphur (30. 35 and 40 kg/ha) and three levels of Molybdenum (0.5 %, 1% and 1.5 %). Experiment were laid out in randomized block design with 10 treatments each replicated thrice. The result showed that viz: higher plant height (52.17 cm), No. of nodules/plant (68.50), Plant dry weight (50.67 g), No. of branch/plant (9.05), No. of pods/plant (15.80), No of grain/pod (3.00), Higher Seed yield (2.71 t/ha), Stover Yield (4.30 t/ha), Gross returns (1,46,255.73 INR/ha), Net return (98,838.73 INR/ha) and Benefit cost ratio (1.91) recorded in treatment 9 Sulphur 40kg/ha + Molybdenum (1.5%).
Influence of Sulphur and Zinc on Growth, Yield Attributes and Economics of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)
Authors: Kundu Anju , Mehera Biswarup , Kumar Prateek
Published: September 2023

The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with nine treatments each replicated thrice on the basis of one year of experimentation. The treatments which are T1: 2% Sulphur+0.5% zinc, T2: 2% Sulphur+ 1% Zinc, T3: 2% Sulphur + 1.5% Zinc, T4: 3% Sulphur + 0.5% Zinc, T5: 3% Sulphur +1% Zinc, T6: 3% Sulphur +1.5% Zinc, T7: 4% Sulphur + 0.5% Zinc, T8: 4% Sulphur+ 1% Zinc, T9: 4% Sulphur +1.5% Zinc, T10 N:P: K 20:40:40 kg/ha. The results showed that application of 4% Sulphur+ 1.5% Zinc was recorded significantly higher plant height (79.17 cm), nodules/ plant (30.93), Plant dry weight (22.83 g/plant), No. of pods/ plant (12.14), Test weight (100.23 g), maximum crop growth rate (8.82g/m2/day). However, higher Seed yield (1.32 t/ha), Stover Yield (3.48 t/ha) gross returns (INR84971.50/ha), net return (INR60594.40/ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.28) were obtained with application of 4% Sulphur+1.5% Zinc as compared to other treatments.
Fortified Organic Manure and NPK Fertilizer Levels: Influence on Soil Properties, Yield and Micronutrients Biofortification of Brinjal in Coastal Soil
Authors: Elayaraja D. , Senthilvalavan P. , Kamalakannan P.
Published: September 2023

Coastal saline soils are nutrient impoverished where nutrients are in starved state, thus applying increased rate of NPK along with micronutrients fortified organics would greatly improve the soil fertility as well as nutritional quality and yield of vegetable crops. Therefore, we examined the effect of micronutrients fortified organics and NPK levels on the soil properties, yield and quality of brinjal in coastal saline soil. A field experiment was conducted at Ponnanthittu coastal village, near Chidambaram, Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu during August – December 2022 in sandy   saline soil (EC-1.58 dSm-1; pH-8.54) nature with low organic carbon (2.31 g kg-1), available NPK of 135.56, 9.45 and 157.30 kg ha-1 and the available zinc (0.69 mg kg-1) and iron content (3.87 mg  kg-1). The treatments adopted in a Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with three replications and different levels of NPK viz., control, 100, 125 and 150% recommended levels as factor A and different micronutrients fortified organics viz., 100% Zn Fortified Composted Coir pith (Zn FCCP) @ 6.25 t ha-1), 100% Fe Fortified Composted Coir pith (Fe FCCP) @ 6.25 t ha-1) and 100% Zn + Fe Fortified Composted Coir pith (Zn + Fe FCCP) @ 6.25 t ha-1 as factor B were studied with brinjal. Study results indicated that application of 125 % NPK along with Zn + Fe fortified composted coir pith (Zn + Fe FCCP) was significantly increased the availability of major and micro nutrient status, nutritional quality and yield of brinjal over other treatments in coastal saline sandy soil.
Estimation of Correlation and Path Analysis in Quantitative Characters of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)
Authors: Raju S. Akhil Naga , Lal Gaibriyal M.
Published: September 2023

The experiment was carried out in Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, U.P. The experiment included 20 cowpea genotypes with three replications in a Randomized Block Design. The study was carried out to estimate the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation coefficient analysis and yield contributing traits, direct and indirect effects of yield component on yield through path analysis. The analysis of variance revealed the existence of all the traits. Hence the data on the all 14 traits which showed significance difference among the entries were subjected to further statistical analysis. Maximum genotypic coefficient of variation and phenotypic coefficient of variation for harvest index and biological yield. At the phenotypic and genotypic levels positive significant connection with Harvest index, Days to 50% flowering and Days to 50% pod setting. Genotypes EC 58905, IC 259063, IC 201098, IC 34009, and IC 20854 were found to be superior for seed yield per plant.
Spatial Distribution and Diversity of Phytoplankton and Zooplankton and Status of Physico-chemical Parameters in White Nile, Blue Nile and River Nile
Authors: Idam O. A. , Yousif Ramzy A. , Mohamed Fouzi A. , Elobied Ameer A. , Ibrahim Nasreldeen S. , Ibrahim Salama M. , Mollah Souad A.
Published: September 2023

This study was conducted to estimate the distribution of phytoplankton, zooplankton and their correlation with physico-chemical conditions of water for White Nile, Blue Nile and River Nile, April – May 2022. Some of the important physico-chemical factors of the research stations have been analyzed and the water temperature (°C) were (22.00±1.00, 21.00±0.00 and 21.00±0.00),  pH (8.47±0.31, 7.6.00±0.35 and 8.07±0.12) and Transperancy (cm) (34.67±11.06, 85.33±4.16 and 47.00±8.54) for White Nile, Blue Nile and River Nile respectivley. The results revealed that there are 18 species of phytoplankton and 18 species of zooplankton were recorded from all the stations. Among these Bacillariophyceae was the most dominant class in phytoplankton 5 genus, followed by 4 genus Chlorophyceae, 3 genus Cyanophyceae, 3 genus Zygnematophyceae, 2 genus Xanthophyceae and 1 genus Coscinodiscophyceae. While zooplankton, 18 different genera, the genus are represented by 6 genus Rotifera, 2 genus for (Crustacea, Rhizopoda, Lobosea and Eurotatoria), 1 genus for (Adenophorea, Phylactolemata, Secernetea and Ciliata). Statistically, phytoplankton showed significat result with zooplankton (r2 = 0.81) and with water temperature and PO4 (r2 =0.43); non-significant different with transperancy (r2 = 0.01); for zooplankton the results showed that the positive relation between zooplankton and turbidity (r2  =0.27) and non-significat with other parameters.
Furosemide Reduces TNF Levels and Increases Antioxidant Activity in Animal Models of Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Amaral Bianca Lara Silva , Santos Tatiele Pereira dos , Santos Rafaela Mendes dos , Andrade Pedro Figueiredo Pereira de , Rocha-Gomes Arthur , Lages Vinícius Jaskolka , Costa Karine Beatriz , Freitas Daniel Almeida , Mendes Bruno Ferreira , Melo Gustavo Eustáquio Brito Alvim de , Pereira Wagner de Fátima
Published: September 2023

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a renal condition characterized by proteinuria, edema formation, hypoalbuminemia and dyslipidemia. Evidence indicates that the immune response plays a fundamental role in disease evolution and maintenance. Although diuretics are used in the NS treatment, it is not known whether they have any effect on immune and redox responses. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the furosemide effects in the inflammatory and redox responses in a doxorubicin- induced NS model. Eighteen male adult Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: Control (n = 6) - received intravenous injection of saline solution; DOXO (n = 6) - received intravenous injection of doxorubicin (7.5 mg/kg); DOXO-F (n = 6) - received intravenous injection of doxorubicin (7.5 mg/kg) and were later treated with furosemide by gavage (5.0 mg/kg). At the end of 36 days of treatment were evaluated: urine protein concentration, blood leukocyte count, kidney histology, cytokine levels (TNF-α, INF-γ and TGF-β), antioxidant levels (FRAP) and enzyme activity (CAT and SOD), besides markers of oxidative stress (TBARS and protein carbonyl) in renal tissue. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey test when necessary (p < 0.05). Furosemide, at the dosage used in this study, promoted increased in global blood leukocytes and reduced lymphocyte blood count. It was also observed that furosemide reduced TNF-α and increased TGF-β levels in renal tissue. In addition, furosemide increased the levels of oxidative stress markers (TBARS and protein carbonyls) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT). Thus, furosemide showed anti-inflammatory effects in rats with nephropathy, by reducing TNFα levels and increasing antioxidant activity in kidney tissue.
Atrial Fibrillation Catheter Ablation vs Medical Therapy and Psychological Distress
Authors: Al-Kaisey Ahmed M. , Parameswaran Ramanathan , Bryant Christina , Anderson Robert D. , Hawson Joshua , Chieng David , Segan Louise , Voskoboinik Aleksandr , Sugumar Hariharan , Wong Geoffrey R. , Finch Sue , Joseph Stephen A. , McLellan Alex , Ling Liang-Han , Morton Joseph , Sparks Paul , Sanders Prashanthan , Lee Geoffrey , Kistler Peter M. , Kalman Jonathan M.
Published: September 2023

Importance

The impact of atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation on mental health outcomes is not well understood.

Objective

To determine whether AF catheter ablation is associated with greater improvements in markers of psychological distress compared with medical therapy alone.

Design, Setting, and Participants

The Randomized Evaluation of the Impact of Catheter Ablation on Psychological Distress in Atrial Fibrillation (REMEDIAL) study was a randomized trial of symptomatic participants conducted in 2 AF centers in Australia between June 2018 and March 2021.

Interventions

Participants were randomized to receive AF catheter ablation (n = 52) or medical therapy (n = 48).

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) score at 12 months. Secondary outcomes included follow-up assessments of prevalence of severe psychological distress (HADS score >15), anxiety HADS score, depression HADS score, and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) score. Arrhythmia recurrence and AF burden data were also analyzed.

Results

A total of 100 participants were randomized (mean age, 59 [12] years; 31 [32%] women; 54% with paroxysmal AF). Successful pulmonary vein isolation was achieved in all participants in the ablation group. The combined HADS score was lower in the ablation group vs the medical group at 6 months (8.2 [5.4] vs 11.9 [7.2]; P = .006) and at 12 months (7.6 [5.3] vs 11.8 [8.6]; between-group difference, −4.17 [95% CI, −7.04 to −1.31]; P = .005). Similarly, the prevalence of severe psychological distress was lower in the ablation group vs the medical therapy group at 6 months (14.2% vs 34%; P = .02) and at 12 months (10.2% vs 31.9%; P = .01), as was the anxiety HADS score at 6 months (4.7 [3.2] vs 6.4 [3.9]; P = .02) and 12 months (4.5 [3.3] vs 6.6 [4.8]; P = .02); the depression HADS score at 3 months (3.7 [2.6] vs 5.2 [4.0]; P = .047), 6 months (3.4 [2.7] vs 5.5 [3.9]; P = .004), and 12 months (3.1 [2.6] vs 5.2 [3.9]; P = .004); and the BDI-II score at 6 months (7.2 [6.1] vs 11.5 [9.0]; P = .01) and 12 months (6.6 [7.2] vs 10.9 [8.2]; P = .01). The median (IQR) AF burden in the ablation group was lower than in the medical therapy group (0% [0%-3.22%] vs 15.5% [1.0%-45.9%]; P < .001).

Conclusion and Relevance

In this trial of participants with symptomatic AF, improvement in psychological symptoms of anxiety and depression was observed with catheter ablation, but not medical therapy.

Trial Registration

ANZCTR Identifier: ACTRN12618000062224
Graduate Medical Education, 2022-2023
Authors: Brotherton Sarah E. , Etzel Sylvia I.
Published: September 2023

This Appendix presents 2022 National GME Census data detailing the numbers and types of ACGME-accredited training programs and the residents and fellows in them.
Ablaut
Authors: Pöchtrager Markus A. , Youngberg Connor G.
Published: September 2023

Ablaut is a phenomenon which has been well‐studied and which is found in many languages, also outside of the Indo‐European and Semitic families. This article considers ablaut of quantity and ablaut of quality. Both descriptive and historical studies of Indo‐European languages, Gothic and Kartvelian languages are provided, with a brief excursus examining ablaut in Hua (Papuan). The text then looks at a recent proposal that ablaut of quality is driven by a function known as the apophonic path. The focus here is on Classical Arabic, Kabyle Berber and German. Finally, the article concludes with coverage of less widely studied instances of ablaut, examining onomatopoeic words in English, German, French and Japanese, as well as productive reduplication processes in Turkish and Malay.
Clitic Cluster Restrictions
Authors: Pescarini Diego
Published: September 2023

Clitic clusters are complex morphological objects that are penetrable by syntactic rules, but behave as (semi)‐autonomous morphosyntactic constituents. Clusters are subject to various kinds of restrictions, which fall into three main types: (i) restrictions on linearization: clitic clusters tend to be rigidly ordered; (ii) restrictions on exponence: certain clitic clusters are morphologically opaque; (iii) restrictions on agreement: clusters of clitic pronouns tend to be ungrammatical when they correspond to certain person/case combinations (the so‐called person case constraint or PCC). Focusing on Romance data, the entry argues that (i) the PCC is part of a wider set of agreement restrictions that do not target only clitics, but become particularly evident when arguments are cliticized; (ii) the PCC is arguably linked to animacy and, more specifically, to the syntactic mechanism whereby animate and non‐animate arguments are licensed in the clause and, consequently, mapped into clitics.
Coordinative Compounding, Including Dvandva
Authors: Bauer Laurie
Published: September 2023

The features of coordinative compounds are hard to determine because what is called a ‘coordinative compound’ varies so much from language to language. Different features of such compounds are discussed, and the variation between languages is illustrated. Some analytical questions of relevance for morphological theory are shown to be particularly difficult to answer. (i) Are coordinative compounds, despite the label, morphological or syntactic constructions – or something in‐between? (ii) How can we distinguish consistently between coordinative compounds and other compounds? (iii) What are the boundaries of coordinative compounding? (iv) Are there constructions which look like compounds whose elements might be thought to be coordinated but which are not coordinative compounds, either because they are not coordinative or because they are not compounds? Such questions are considered in a survey of potential coordinative compounds in English, a language which is generally considered poor in coordinative compounds.
Argument Structure and Derived Nominals
Authors: Borer Hagit
Published: September 2023

A review of the analytic history of derived nominals and their argument structure configurations spans, by necessity, significant milestones in theoretical developments at the very least of the past 50 years, with issues involving most crucially on the one hand the lexicon/syntax divide and the formal properties of words and word formation, and on the other hand the modelling of event structure. Major theoretical developments in the past 50 years are summarized and critically assessed in this entry.
Grammaticalization
Authors: Heine Bernd
Published: September 2023

Since the beginnings of grammaticalization studies in the nineteenth century, morphological issues, especially ones related to compounding and derivation, have been central to students of grammaticalization. In earlier studies, grammaticalization was tendentially represented as a kind of ‘dynamic morphology’. This entry points out a few general features that characterize the intersection between grammaticalization and morphology and is exclusively interested in evolutions that have lexical items as their source. Two controversial topics are also discussed: the role that discourse markers play in grammatical change, which involves a cognitive–communicative operation called co‐optation; and the way contact‐induced change affects grammaticalization.
Rh(III)‐Catalyzed C−H Activation/O‐Annulation for Construction of Divergent Spirosuccinimide and Maleimide‐Fused Isochromenes
Authors: Kamaraj Eswaran , Roy Prasanta , Lee Yong Rok
Published: September 2023

A rhodium‐catalyzed [5+1] cycloaddition via C−H activation/O‐annulation strategy for synthesizing biologically interesting isochromenes is presented. This protocol selectively provides divergently functionalized isochromenes containing spirosuccinimide and maleimide scaffolds according to the maleimides and itaconimides used as the substrates. This methodology exhibits an extensive substrate scope, remarkable functional group tolerance, and high regioselectivity.
Ultra‐Rapid and Specific Gelation of Collagen Molecules for Transparent and Tough Gels by Transition Metal Complexation
Authors: Suezawa Tomoyuki , Sasaki Naoko , Yukawa Yuichi , Assan Nazgul , Uetake Yuta , Onuma Kunishige , Kamada Rino , Tomioka Daisuke , Sakurai Hidehiro , Katayama Ryohei , Inoue Masahiro , Matsusaki Michiya
Published: September 2023

Collagen is the most abundant protein in the human body and one of the main components of stromal tissues in tumors which have a high elastic modulus of over 50 kPa. Although collagen has been widely used as a cell culture scaffold for cancer cells, there have been limitations when attempting to fabricate a tough collagen gel with cells like a cancer stroma. Here, rapid gelation of a collagen solution within a few minutes by transition metal complexation is demonstrated. Type I collagen solution at neutral pH shows rapid gelation with a transparency of 81% and a high modulus of 1,781 kPa by mixing with K2PtCl4 solution within 3 min. Other transition metal ions also show the same rapid gelation, but not basic metal ions. Interestingly, although type I to IV collagen molecules show rapid gelation, other extracellular matrices  do not exhibit this phenomenon. Live imaging of colon cancer organoids in 3D culture indicates a collective migration property with modulating high elastic modulus, suggesting activation for metastasis progress. This technology will be useful as a new class of 3D culture for cells and organoids due to its facility for deep‐live observation and mechanical stiffness adjustment.
Stiffer Bonding of Armchair Edge in Single‐Layer Molybdenum Disulfide Nanoribbons
Authors: Liu Chunmeng , Hongo Kenta , Maezono Ryo , Zhang Jiaqi , Oshima Yoshifumi
Published: September 2023

The physical and chemical properties of nanoribbon edges are important for characterizing nanoribbons and applying them in electronic devices, sensors, and catalysts. The mechanical response of molybdenum disulfide nanoribbons, which is an important issue for their application in thin resonators, is expected to be affected by the edge structure, albeit this result is not yet being reported. In this work, the width‐dependent Young's modulus is precisely measured in single‐layer molybdenum disulfide nanoribbons with armchair edges using the developed nanomechanical measurement based on a transmission electron microscope. The Young's modulus remains constant at ≈166 GPa above 3 nm width, but is inversely proportional to the width below 3 nm, suggesting a higher bond stiffness for the armchair edges. Supporting the experimental results, the density functional theory calculations show that buckling causes electron transfer from the Mo atoms at the edges to the S atoms on both sides to increase the Coulomb attraction.
Black Phosphorus/MnO2 Nanocomposite Disrupting Bacterial Thermotolerance for Efficient Mild‐Temperature Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Wang Feng , Wu Qinghe , Jia Guoping , Kong Lingchi , Zuo Rongtai , Feng Kai , Hou Mengfei , Chai Yimin , Xu Jia , Zhang Chunfu , Kang Qinglin
Published: September 2023

The emergence of multi‐drug resistant (MDR) pathogens is a major public health concern, posing a substantial global economic burden. Photothermal therapy (PTT) at mild temperature presents a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics due to its biological safety and ability to circumvent drug resistance. However, the efficacy of mild PTT is limited by bacterial thermotolerance. Herein, a nanocomposite, BP@Mn‐NC, comprising black phosphorus nanosheets and a manganese‐based nanozyme (Mn‐NZ) is developed, which possesses both photothermal and catalytic properties. Mn‐NZ imparts glucose oxidase‐ and peroxidase‐like properties to BP@Mn‐NC, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) that induce lipid peroxidation and malondialdehyde accumulation across the bacterial cell membrane. This process disrupts unprotected respiratory chain complexes exposed on the bacterial cell membrane, leading to a reduction in the intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content. Consequently, mild PTT mediated by BP@Mn‐NC effectively eliminates MDR infections by specifically impairing bacterial thermotolerance because of the dependence of bacterial heat shock proteins (HSPs) on ATP molecules for their proper functioning. This study paves the way for the development of a novel photothermal strategy to eradicate MDR pathogens, which targets bacterial HSPs through ROS‐mediated inhibition of bacterial respiratory chain activity.
Integrating APSIM model with machine learning to predict wheat yield spatial distribution
Authors: Kheir Ahmed M. S. , Mkuhlani Siyabusa , Mugo Jane W. , Elnashar Abdelrazek , Nangia Vinay , Devare Medha , Govind Ajit
Published: September 2023

Traditional simulation models are often point based; thus, more research is needed to emphasize spatial simulation, providing decision‐makers with fast recommendations. Combining machine learning algorithms with spatial process‐based models could be considered an appropriate solution. We created a spatial model in R (APSIMx_R) to generate fine‐resolution data from coarse‐resolution data, which is typically available at the regional level. The APSIM crop model outputs were then deployed to train and test the artificial neural network, creating a hybrid modeling approach for robust spatial simulations. The APSIMx_R package facilitates preparing the required model inputs, executes the prediction, processes, and analyzes the APSIM crop model outputs. This note demonstrates the use of a new approach for creating reproducible crop modeling workflows with the spatial APSIM next‐generation model and machine learning algorithms. The tool was deployed for spatial and temporal simulation of potential wheat yield under different nitrogen rates and various wheat cultivars. The spatial APSIMx_R was validated by comparing the simulated yield at 100 kg N ha−1 to the analogues' actual yield at the same grid points, which showed good agreement (d = 0.89) between the spatially predicted and actual yield. The hybrid approach increased such precision, resulting in higher agreement (d = 0.95) with actual yield. When the interaction between cultivars and nitrogen levels was considered, it was found that the novel cultivar Sakha95 is nitrogen voracious, exhibiting a larger drop in yield (65%) under minimal nitrogen treatment (0 kg N ha−1) relative to the potential yield.
Upconversion Luminescence in Mononuclear Yb/Sm Co‐crystal Assemblies at Room Temperature
Authors: Sun Guotao , Xie Yao , Wang Yuxin , Zhang Hongjie , Sun Lining
Published: September 2023

Metal‐based upconversion luminescence transforming high‐energy photons into low‐energy photons is an attractive anti‐Stokes shift process for fundamental research and promising applications. In this work, we developed the upconversion luminescence in co‐crystal assemblies consisting of discrete mononuclear Yb and Sm complexes. The characteristic visible emissions of Sm3+were observed under the excitation of absorption band of Yb3+at 980 nm. A series of co‐crystal assemblies were investigated based on mononuclear Yb and Sm complexes, and the strongest luminescence was obtained when the molar concentration between Yb3+and Sm3+is equivalent. The crystal structure was fully characterized by the single crystal X‐ray diffraction and upconverting energy transfer mechanisms were verified as cooperative sensitization upconversion and energy transfer upconversion. This is the first example of Sm3+‐based upconverting luminescence in discrete lanthanide complexes which present as co‐crystal assemblies at room temperature.
Near‐infrared Fluorescent Probes with Long‐acting Cyclic Monitoring and Effectively Eliminating Peroxynitrite
Authors: Zhuo Jiezhen , Hui Jin , Chi Haijun , Guo Yuxin , Lu Gonghao
Published: September 2023

Two through‐bond energy transfer fluorescent probes with a dihydroxyl naphthyl‐pyrenyl conjugated system were synthesized for long‐acting cyclic monitoring and eliminating peroxynitrite (ONOO−). The probes exhibit large Stokes shifts (230 or 280 nm) and the fluorescence at 620 or 652 nm rapidly change in response to continuously variable concentrations of ONOO− under physiological conditions. The probes show good reversibility and can rapidly monitor the concentration changes of ONOO− in real time. In addition, with the additions of the probes, the decomposition of ONOO− is greatly accelerated. Therefore, the probes can effectively eliminate the excess ONOO− as well as sensing it. The biological studies showed that the probes can effectively and reversibly eliminate both exogenous and endogenous ONOO− in‐situ as well as sensing its changes in cells, which can help to maintain the normal physiological concentration of ONOO− in organisms. This is the first system that a probe achieves multifunction including real‐time detection, long‐acting cyclic monitoring and in‐situ elimination, thereby maintaining a normal physiological balance for ONOO−.
Supreme Court decision will impact religious accommodations requests
Authors: Porter Michael
Published: September 2023

The last few days of the U.S. Supreme Court term usually include headliner cases, and this year was no different with the affirmative action admissions cases and the Court's decision permitting a web‐designer to limit wedding services based on religious beliefs. Relatively speaking, the Court's decision on a different religious accommodations case, Groff v. DeJoy, Postmaster General, S. Ct. Case 22‐174, June 29, 2023, flew under the radar. But the Court's ruling on this case will have a significant impact on the way institutions respond to requests for religious accommodations from employees and may also bring students’ religious accommodations issues to light.
Career adaptability and career choice satisfaction: Roles of career self‐efficacy and socioeconomic status
Authors: Li Mengting , Fan Weiqiao , Zhang Li‐fang
Published: September 2023

Based on career construction theory, this study examined the contribution of career adaptability to career choice satisfaction, with career decision‐making self‐efficacy as a mediator and socioeconomic status as a moderator. Nine hundred and fourteen Chinese final‐year undergraduates were recruited. The results revealed that career adaptability directly influenced career choice satisfaction and indirectly through career decision‐making self‐efficacy, with some specific differences based on socioeconomic status. Particularly, the cooperation dimension of career adaptability was found to be negatively related to career choice satisfaction only among undergraduates with higher socioeconomic status. The findings have implications for research on career construction theory as well as for career education and counseling practices in universities.
Electrocatalytic Performance of Interconnected Self‐Standing Tin Nanowire Network Produced by AAO Template Method for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction**
Authors: Er Dilan , Avcı Burçak , Ürgen Mustafa
Published: September 2023

In this study, we used a specially designed aluminum anodic oxide (AAO) template technique to produce interconnected self‐standing tin nanowire electrocatalysts having a high surface‐to‐volume ratio for CO2 reduction toward formate. These electrodes consisted of interconnected tin nanowires with 150 nm diameter and 7 μm length supported on 70–100 μm thick tin film. As prepared electrodes produced 6 times higher formate than the flat tin sheets, yet Faradaic efficiencies (FE%) were unsatisfactory. The main reason for low FE% is determined as the etching of native oxide on tin nanowires during hot alkali treatment to remove AAO and remnant aluminum. Porous anodic oxidation in 1 M NaOH solution was realized to recover tin oxides on the surface. Anodized tin nanowire electrocatalysts produced higher formate than anodized tin sheets, reaching FEformate% of ~87 at −1 V vs. RHE cathodic reduction potential. Moreover, while anodic oxide on flat tin flaked off the surface in 1 h, these electrodes preserved their integrity and formate production ability even after 12 h.
Performance‐based wind engineering assessment of a telecommunication mast
Authors: Kenéz Ágnes , Joó Attila László
Published: September 2023

The study adopts the Performance‐Based Design concept to analyse the structural behaviour of a telecommunication steel lattice tower equipped with wind speed and strain sensors located in Central Hungary. Bayesian updating is utilised to combine the information from the relatively short measurement collected at the site with a longer dataset from a neighbouring measurement location. A finite element model is developed to analyse the performance of the tower in probabilistic terms using Monte Carlo simulation with Latin hypercube method. The probability of failure is assessed for both serviceability and ultimate limit state verifications. This study aims to demonstrate the potential of combining the performance‐based wind design framework and monitoring system.
Structural response of hybrid timber ‐ cold formed steel floors
Authors: Bompa Dan V. , Dance George , Chira Alexandru , Walker Martin G. , Nagy Zsolt
Published: September 2023

The paper examines the composite performance of hybrid steel‐timber lightweight floor assemblies incorporating cold‐formed steel (CFS) profiles and plywood (PW) flooring panels with varying degrees of shear connection achieved by means of self‐drilling screws. Material, push‐out, and three‐point short‐span floor tests with or without web openings were carried out. The results and observations from the tests provide a detailed insight into the inelastic properties and ultimate response of such floor systems. Push‐out tests indicate that denser connector arrangements increase connection stiffness, while push‐out and short beam tests suggest an optimum connector spacing equal to the beam depth for a balance between structural performance and constructability. The experimental observations indicate that the ultimate condition of the short composite beams was characterized by CFS web crippling under the load application point, followed by a pull‐through of the self‐drilling screws. Web openings reduced the strength of the floor elements compared to the members with full webs. Complementary numerical studies are undertaken using nonlinear finite element procedures which were validated against the beam tests, offering a detailed insight into the stress levels in the timber, steel, and connectors. Codified procedures for determining the capacity of composite CFS sections are compared with the test results, and guidance for the practical design and construction of such systems is given.
Rotating bending fatigue behaviour and quasi‐static tensile properties of Wire Arc Additively Manufactured 308L stainless steel
Authors: Leonetti Davide , de Munnik Max , Kassing Luuk , Khan Danish , Moulin Jean‐Francois , Snijder Bert
Published: September 2023

Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is a direct energy deposition method used to manufacture steel components by using an electric arc as a heat source to melt a metal wire and deposit it layer by layer. In this study, monotonic tensile tests, standardized Charpy impact tests, and rotating bending fatigue tests are executed to characterize the mechanical properties of WAAM 308L stainless steel using specimens extracted from additively manufactured plates. In particular, monotonic tensile properties are investigated in three directions: that is 0, 90, and 45 degrees with respect to the plane of deposition, whereas the fatigue strength is quantified for one direction only, i.e. 90 degrees since this is deemed to be the weakest.

The mechanical characterization highlights that WAAM 308L SS shows an anisotropic behaviour, an enhanced strain‐rate sensitivity, and an overall reduced yield strength as compared to the base material 308L. The anisotropic material behaviour is explained by the microstructure morphology since the austenite grains form anisotropic columnar zones due to an uneven heat profile during production. During the fatigue tests, the relatively high strain rate sensitivity causes susceptibility to self‐heating at relatively low loading frequencies, i.e. below 100Hz.
Axial behaviour of steel tubes infilled with rubberised alkali‐activated concrete
Authors: Elzeadani Mohamed , Bompa Dan , Elghazouli Ahmed
Published: September 2023

This study investigates the axial compressive behaviour of concrete filled steel tubes with rubberised alkali‐activated concrete as infill. A high‐strength slag‐based alkali‐activated concrete mix is chosen as a reference and rubber contents of 0, 30 and 60% replacements by volume of natural aggregates are considered. Steel tubes with circular and square cross‐sections having length‐to‐diameter/width ratios of 2 and 4 are investigated. The maximum axial capacity and the axial load‐shortening response are observed. The results show a reduction in the axial capacity and elastic stiffness of the confined specimens with higher rubber content. The circular tube sections provide greater confinement to the concrete core, evidenced from the higher ultimate stress, in comparison with the square tube sections. Circular confined specimens also exhibit a softer post‐peak axial load‐shortening response when compared to the square confined specimens. The axial capacity and overall behaviour of the confined specimens with the same cross‐section is generally similar for specimens with length‐to‐diameter/width ratios of 2 and 4, with a slight reduction in the axial stiffness for the taller specimens. Eurocode 4 axial strength design expressions for concrete filled steel tubes are shown to be applicable for the specimens tested in this study.
A new generalised component method for predicting the full range behaviour of bolted bearing type joints
Authors: Zhou Jingsheng , Yan Shen , Zhang Hao , Rasmussen Kim J. R. , Deierlein Gregory G.
Published: September 2023

This paper develops a new generalized component method (GCM) model for bolted bearing type connections to capture the full‐range response and all relevant limit states, including the bolt shear, bearing, shear‐out, net section fracture, and block shear limit states. The proposed model divides a bolted bearing type joint into components that significantly contribute to its deformation and/or strength limit states. For each component, the force‐deformation curve is derived including the post‐ultimate behavior. The new component model is developed in the context of the generalized component method to predict the full‐range joint moment‐rotation response. The proposed GCM can consider the interaction of adjacent bolts in modelling multi‐bolt connections. The new GCM is validated through experimental tests and fully nonlinear finite element analyses, and compared with predictions by the Eurocode 3 component method.
A pyrolysis model for steel‐insulation sandwich building façade systems under fire
Authors: Xu Qingfeng , Hofmeyer Hèrm , Maljaars Johan , van Herpen Ruud A.P.
Published: September 2023

Sandwich panels consist of two thin‐walled steel faces plus an insulation core. For this core, materials are selected that provide high (shear) stiffness and high thermal resistance. When the panels are subject to fire, the (a) temperature‐dependent behaviour of the steel faces and (b) the possible chemical reactions of the insulation core should both be considered, to accurately predict the structural behaviour. Provisions in Eurocode EN 1993‐1‐2 can be used for (a). Regarding (b), this paper adds a verified pyrolysis model to Heat Transfer (HT) analyses, and obtained results are transferred to a Structural Response (SR) analysis. Then, the HT and SR analyses are demonstrated in so‐called One‐Way Coupled (OWC) and Two‐Way Coupled (TWC) fire‐structure simulations, the latter including the effects of structural failure on the fire behaviour. For the cases studied, structural behaviour for OWC and TWC simulations is very similar, which indicates that the structural (failure) behaviour does not significantly influence the fire behaviour. Differently, the difference in failure time between simulations with and without pyrolysis is more than 15%, due to endothermic effects. As such, for the cases studied, modelling of pyrolysis is more important than the effect of structural failures, and this modelling can be included as demonstrated in this paper.
Novel Paradigm for Steel Joints in Gridshell Structures: from Structural Optimization to Advanced Construction
Authors: Chen Man‐Tai , Zuo Wenkang , Huang Yuner , Cheng Bin , Zhao Jincheng
Published: September 2023

Novel integrated computer‐aided paradigm/workflow for the topology optimization (TO) and additive manufacturing (AM) of steel joints in gridshell structures is proposed. The architecture scheme of gridshell structure was first established and numerically analyzed through Grasshopper parametric platform. Based on the extracted joint geometric parameters and the corresponding loading conditions, the initial joint structures were parametrically modelled using the subdivision surface method. Further parametric TO design was accomplished by the bi‐directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method on the basis of cloud computing server. A series of mesh smoothing and reverse modelling algorithms were applied to the optimized joint to obtain a closed smooth surface in the NURBS form, which was then output as STL file for additive manufacturing. One typical optimized joint was additively manufactured using selective laser melting. The proposed workflow can be extended to a much wider range of spatial structures with various joint types.
Experimental Behaviour of Cold‐Formed Stainless Steel Cruciform Section Columns
Authors: Dobrić Jelena , Fric Nenad , Naraidoo Elenor , Rossi Barbara
Published: September 2023

This paper describes experiments addressing the buckling and collapse behaviour of cold‐formed stainless steel cruciform section columns. To build doubly symmetrical flanged cruciform section columns, six individual press‐braked plain channels made of austenitic grade EN 1.4307 were assembled back‐to‐back. Two channel geometries were used – with cross‐section height 200 mm and 100 mm. They were connected using bolts M8 of class 8.8, with equidistant spacings along the column length. Six columns with three different lengths – namely, short (600 mm), intermediate (1200 mm) and long (2400 mm) – were tested under pure axial compression load and under end semi‐rigid support conditions. Two tests were included for each length. It was observed that the buckling patterns in the built‐up cruciform section specimens were affected by their global slenderness and by the spacing between the fasteners. However, in the cases of long specimens, where global torsional buckling was critical, the fastener spacing had a minor influence on the ultimate capacity of the columns.
Proposed residual stress model for hot‐rolled wide flange steel cross sections
Authors: Skiadopoulos Andronikos , de Castro e Sousa Albano , Lignos Dimitrios G.
Published: September 2023

Residual stresses in hot‐rolled wide flange steel cross sections may lead to premature yielding, accelerated corrosion and brittle fracture of steel members. The above phenomena lead to a loss of a steel member's stiffness and resistance under mechanical loading. Available residual stress models are mostly based on residual stress measurements that date back to 1950s. Some of the drawbacks of these models relate to the lack of consistency in the considered parameters that affect the residual stress development within a steel cross section. Motivated by this, this paper proposes a new residual stress model for hot‐rolled wide flange steel cross sections. The proposed residual stress model relies on a dataset of 80 experiments that are complemented by additional measurements done as part of the present study. A parabolic residual stress distribution, which is deduced from a constraint optimization problem, is fitted to the assembled data. The proposed residual stress distributions are generalized with the aid of rigorous statistical analyses. The results suggest that the residual stress model is highly dependent on the cross‐sectional area and the depth‐to‐width ratio of a hot‐rolled wide flange steel cross section. The proposed residual stress model reduces the error, on average, by 60‐70% compared to available residual stress models (e.g., European Convention for Constructional Steelwork model), regardless of the cross‐sectional geometry of the hot‐rolled cross section.
Experimental and numerical assessment of the topological optimisation of additively manufactured T‐joints
Authors: Monteiro Kaike , Zhu Carlos , Tankova Trayana , Santos Ana Francisca , da Silva Luís Simões
Published: September 2023

Additive manufacturing (AM) is rapidly expanding to all research areas due to its multiple advantages, such as the freedom and flexibility in achieving any geometry. By using AM as a fabrication technique, the design process has almost no limitations, blending considerably well with the irregular geometries that may result from topology optimization, which can produce optimal material configuration. Therefore, Topology Optimization can combine greatly with Additive manufacturing. A suitable AM method concerning geometry, speed and shape is Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM). In this paper, a hollow square t‐joint is modelled and evaluated by the application of two optimization methods with various parameters to find an optimal geometry; numerical analysis (FEM) on non‐optimized and optimized models; and experimental assessments on non‐optimized and optimized printed t‐joints to validate the entire process.
Live Load Structural Index study on Small and Medium Span Steel‐Concrete Composite Bridges
Authors: Xiong Zhihua , Pan Zhenhua , Mou Xulin , Liu Xuyao
Published: September 2023

Steel plate and truss composite bridges are evaluated by Live Load Structural Index (LLSI) aiming on the balance between structural integrity and cost. In the span range of 20‐60m, four‐girder steel plate scheme and five‐girder steel plate scheme's LLSI are obtained based on probabilistic theory. The stress ratio of service to design status decreases in a power exponential law with the ascendance of LLSI. In terms of the steel truss concrete bridge, an optimized algorithm has been applied to analyze the composite truss bridge's LLSI, which suggests 160‐200 m · KN‐1 as appropriate values for the engineering practice.
Erzeugung von Wasserstoff durch Elektrolyse
Authors: Bockelmann Marina , Becker Maik , Stypka Sebastian , Bauer Stina , Minke Christine , Turek Thomas
Published: September 2023

In diesem Übersichtsbeitrag berichten wir über die Grundlagen und den erreichten technischen Stand der Herstellung von grünem Wasserstoff durch Wasserelektrolyse. Für diese nachhaltige Produktion von Wasserstoff wird lediglich gereinigtes Wasser und erneuerbare elektrische Energie benötigt. Wegen der großen Stabilität des Wassermoleküls ist der Energiebedarf der Elektrolyse allerdings sehr hoch. Wir zeigen, dass es bereits drei technisch verfügbare Technologien (alkalische, PEM‐ und Hochtemperatur‐Elektrolyse) mit jeweils spezifischen Vor‐ und Nachteilen gibt. Zukünftige Entwicklungen konzentrieren sich auf die Senkung der Investitionen für Elektrolyseanlagen sowie auf die Verringerung der Verluste bei der Wasserspaltung, beispielsweise durch alkalische Membranelektrolyse mit einer eleganten Kombination der Eigenschaften von alkalischer und PEM‐Elektrolyse.