bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Risk Model Based on Ferroptosis‐Related Genes OSMR, G0S2, IGFBP6, IGHG2, and FMOD Predicts Prognosis in Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Wu Yaqiu , Liu Ling , Li Zhili , Zhang Tian , Wang Qi , Cheng Meixiong
Published: January 2025

Background

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a common and highly aggressive brain tumor with a poor prognosis. However, the prognostic value of ferroptosis‐related genes (FRGs) and their classification remains insufficiently studied.

Objective

This study aims to explore the significance of ferroptosis classification and its risk model in GBM using multi‐omics approaches and to evaluate its potential in prognostic assessment.

Methods

Ferroptosis‐related genes (FRGs) were retrieved from databases such as FerrDB. The TCGA‐GBM and CGGA‐GBM datasets were used as training and testing cohorts, respectively. Univariate Cox regression and LASSO regression analyses were performed to establish a risk model comprising five genes (OSMR, G0S2, IGFBP6, IGHG2, FMOD). A Meta‐analysis of integrated TCGA and GTEx data was conducted to examine the differential expression of these genes between GBM and normal tissues. Key gene protein expression differences were analyzed using CPTAC and HPA databases. Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) analysis was employed to explore the cell type‐specific distribution of these genes.

Results

The five‐gene risk model demonstrated significant prognostic value in GBM. Meta‐analysis revealed distinct expression patterns of the identified genes between GBM and normal tissues. Protein expression analysis confirmed these differences. scRNA‐seq analysis highlighted the diverse distribution of these genes across different cell types, offering insights into their biological roles.

Conclusion

The ferroptosis‐based risk model provides valuable prognostic insights into GBM and highlights potential therapeutic targets, emphasizing the biological significance of ferroptosis‐related genes in tumor progression.
Is Overlain Display a Right Choice for AR Navigation? A Qualitative Study of Head‐Mounted Augmented Reality Surgical Navigation on Accuracy for Large‐Scale Clinical Deployment
Authors: Ye Jian , Chen Qingwen , Zhong Tao , Liu Jian , Gao Han
Published: January 2025

Background

During the course of the past two decades, head‐mounted augmented reality surgical navigation (HMARSN) systems have been increasingly employed in a variety of surgical specialties as a result of both advancements in augmented reality–related technologies and surgeons' desires to overcome some drawbacks inherent to conventional surgical navigation systems. In the present time, most experimental HMARSN systems adopt overlain display (OD) that overlay virtual models and planned routes of surgical tools on corresponding physical tissues, organs, lesions, and so forth, in a surgical field so as to provide surgeons with an intuitive and direct view to gain better hand–eye coordination as well as avoid attention shift and loss of sight (LOS), among other benefits during procedures. Yet, its system accuracy, which is the most crucial performance indicator of any surgical navigation system, is difficult to ascertain because it is highly subjective and user‐dependent. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review presently available experimental OD HMARSN systems qualitatively, explore how their system accuracy is affected by overlain display, and find out if such systems are suited to large‐scale clinical deployment.

Method

We searched PubMed and ScienceDirect with the following terms: head mounted augmented reality surgical navigation, and 445 records were returned in total. After screening and eligibility assessment, 60 papers were finally analyzed. Specifically, we focused on how their accuracies were defined and measured, as well as whether such accuracies are stable in clinical practice and competitive with corresponding commercially available systems.

Results and Conclusions

The primary findings are that the system accuracy of OD HMARSN systems is seriously affected by a transformation between the spaces of the user's eyes and the surgical field, because measurement of the transformation is heavily individualized and user‐dependent. Additionally, the transformation itself is potentially subject to changes during surgical procedures, and hence unstable. Therefore, OD HMARSN systems are not suitable for large‐scale clinical deployment.
Utility of Cardiovascular CT in Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Marchetti Davide , Gallazzi Michele , Nemola Giulia , Stracqualursi Marco , Prestini Blanca , Masini Alessandro , Alessandrello Maria Clara , Belleggia Sara , Paolisso Pasquale , Andreini Daniele , Conte Edoardo
Published: January 2025

Cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) has acquired a pivotal role in modern cardiology. It represents the gold standard for noninvasive coronary imaging. Moreover, CCTA permits a comprehensive evaluation of atheromatic burden and plaque composition. This study aims to review the impact of CCTA across the different presentations of ischemic heart disease, from primary prevention to the evaluation of patients requiring revascularization.
Effect of Strain Gradients on Fatigue Life of C‐Mn Steel Notched Tubes Under Axial and Torsion Loads: Tests and Analyses
Authors: Jena Shreebanta Kumar , Arora Punit , Gupta Suneel K. , Chattopadhyay J.
Published: January 2025

Present study aims to investigate individual effects of strain gradient and peak equivalent strain amplitude on fatigue life of notched tubes of C‐Mn steel. Remote pure axial and pure torsion strain‐controlled tests have been performed for different strain gradients (owing to different hole diameter in tube specimen) subjected to same peak equivalent strain amplitude at hole tip. During the tests, local strains ahead of notch were measured using digital image correlation/strain gauge techniques. Measured strains have been compared with simulated strains using detailed finite element analyses. Additionally, fatigue life assessment has also been carried out using equivalent strain amplitude at (i) peak strain location and (ii) different distances from peak strain location. A critical distance parameter (dc), in present study, has been deduced based on least scatter between predicted and test fatigue lives.
Exposure to Food Temptations Reduces Subsequent Consumption Through Goal Activation
Authors: Grubliauskiene Aiste , Liu Yunxin , Dewitte Siegfried
Published: January 2025

The enduring availability of high‐caloric, tempting food in consumer environments has been identified as a major cause driving the obesity epidemic. The severity of the problem tends to hide the important fact that many consumers often resist food temptations. This article aims at designing consumption reduction strategies that build on the spontaneous capacity of consumers to resist food temptations. Across a series of three experiments, of which two laboratory studies and one field study, we find that physical exposure to food temptations reduces subsequent free consumption of similar foods. Building on cognitive control theory, we extend this finding and identify boundary conditions. We show that the reduction of consumption works in challenging populations (e.g., men and children) with pictures of food temptations and that it survives a delay. We also show that the effect is suppressed with explicit prohibition during pre‐exposure and with combined exposure (i.e., the combination of physical and picture temptations) in children. The findings are discussed concerning their potential as a social marketing tool.
Phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties of unary and binary rare‐earth sesquioxide (RE2O3) systems (RE = all lanthanides, Y, and Sc)
Authors: Cheon Jeong‐Min , Jung In‐Ho
Published: January 2025

All phase diagram and thermodynamic property data of unary rare‐earth sesquioxides (RE2O3) in literature have been critically evaluated to obtain a consistent set of thermodynamic data for all six stable and metastable phases (C, B, A, H, X, and L) of RE2O3. In the evaluation, systematic energetic trends of RE2O3 depending on ionic radius of RE and the extrapolated data from RE2O3 containing binary systems were taken into account to obtain more accurate thermodynamic property data and phase transition data. Based on the newly established Gibbs energies of unary RE2O3 phases, the CALPHAD‐type thermodynamic modeling was carried out for inter RE2O3 binary systems to obtain the thermodynamic models with optimized model parameters of all solid and liquid solutions, which can successfully reproduce all available and reliable experimental phase diagram data of the binary RE2O3–RE′2O3 systems. Using thermodynamic models with established model parameters, a complete phase diagram set of all 136 binary RE2O3–RE′2O3 systems were predicted for the first time. The models with established parameters can be readily expanded to any ternary and high order rare oxide systems for the phase diagram and thermodynamic property calculations.
Enhanced thermionic electron emission of (La1‐x‐yPrxBay)B6 cathode transforming from the grain boundary to the grain
Authors: Yang Xinyu , Song Yulin , Li Zimeng , Cai Biao , Dong Cunchao , Deng Chenhui , Wang Yan , Zhang Jianing , Xiang Wenpeng , Zhang Jiuxing
Published: January 2025

The mixed rare earth/alkali earth was initially employed to enhance the thermionic emission performance of lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) through forming the high‐dense (La1‐x‐yPrxBay)B6 polycrystal by spark plasma sintering (SPS). La0.6Pr0.3Ba0.1B6 exhibits the highest current density in space charge limited (SCL) region at T = 1873K while La0.5Ba0.5B6 has the highest current density in temperature limited (TL) region. The maximum current density of 14.07 A/cm2 at T = 1673K for La0.5Ba0.5B6 is higher than that of 11.71 A/cm2 at T = 1873K for LaB6 polycrystal, presenting superior emission characteristics at the low temperature, mainly ascribed to the contribution of the Ba element. With the increase in the Ba content, the location of the highest electron emission shifts from the grain boundary (in La0.5Pr0.5B6 and La0.6Pr0.3Ba0.1B6) to the internal grain (in La0.6Pr0.1Ba0.3B6 and La0.5Ba0.5B6). The consumption rate of the elements during thermionic emission follows the order:  Ba > Pr > La. The experimental data on the current density aligns closely with the theoretical predictions, demonstrating the emission of (La1‐x‐yPrxBay)B6 ceramic obeys classical thermionic emission mechanism of metals.
Rhythmic categories in horse gait kinematics
Authors: Laffi Lia , Bigand Félix , Peham Christian , Novembre Giacomo , Gamba Marco , Ravignani Andrea
Published: January 2025

Anecdotally, horses' gaits sound rhythmic. Are they really? In this study, we quantified the motor rhythmicity of horses across three different gaits (walk, trot, and canter). For the first time, we adopted quantitative tools from bioacoustics and music cognition to quantify locomotor rhythmicity. Specifically, we tested whether kinematics data contained rhythmic categories; these occur when adjacent temporal intervals are categorically, rather than randomly, distributed. We extracted the motion cycle duration (tk) of two ipsilateral hooves from motion data of 13 ridden horses and calculated the ratios from two successive tk values. We tested whether these ratios significantly fell within rhythmic categories and quantified how close they were to small‐integer ratios, a rhythmic feature also present in animal vocalizations and human music. We found a strong isochronous pattern—a 1:1 rhythmic ratio, corresponding to the ticking of a clock—in the motion of single limbs for all gaits. We also analyzed the interlimb coordination of the two ipsilateral hooves' impacts to identify differences associated with the biomechanical patterns of the three gaits. We found an interlimb 1:1 rhythmic pattern for trot and 1:3 and 3:1 rhythmic categories for walk and canter. Our findings are a first step toward quantifying rhythmicity in horse locomotion and potentially the resulting rhythmic sounds, with possible implications as tools to detect gait irregularities. Overall, we show that rhythmic categories are a valuable tool for gait kinematic analysis and that they can be used to quantify temporal patterns in the motor domain.
Effectiveness of Body Remodeling and Cellulite Appearance Improvement Treatments in the Thighs Using Symmed Radiofrequency Device
Authors: Santos Alejandra Fernández , Fernández Alejandra Iglesias , Fernández Lorena Suárez , Zapico Leticia Huergo , Freitag Susana Valero
Published: January 2025

Background

Aging associated with the passage of time causes alterations in subcutaneous tissues and the overall appearance of the skin that generate aesthetic unconformities in people. Within the wide range of available techniques on the market, radiofrequency (RF) diathermy has emerged as one of the most used non‐invasive methods to combat them.

Objective

This clinical trial aims to determine and quantify the effectiveness and safety of the high‐frequency RF‐based device Symmed (Termosalud Inc., Gijón, Spain) in cellulite appearance improvement and thigh remodeling treatments.

Material and Methods

Eight sessions of Symmed were performed every 72/96 h in eight subjects' thighs. Safety and effectiveness of the device were evaluated before and after the treatments by digital photographs, body contours measurements, and ultrasound images of skin echogenicity and fat tissue thickness. Information regarding the satisfaction level of the participants was obtained throughout a customized questionnaire.

Results

After the treatments, significant reductions of 3% in thighs circumferences (p < 0.05) and 20% in subcutaneous fat layer thickness (p < 0.01) were detected. Dermal echogenicity, used as an indicator of skin organization and collagen content, showed a significant 6% increase (p < 0.05). Before and after photographs revealed a general improvement in skin appearance. The results were complemented by a high satisfaction level (100%) and the absence of adverse events.

Conclusion

Symmed RF therapy is a non‐invasive, safe, effective, and well‐tolerated procedure for the treatment of thighs cellulite appearance and body remodeling.
An Exploration of Plant Biomass–Species Richness Relationships in Three Subalpine Grasslands on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liu Mingrui , Liu Shiting , Li Hui , Ning Yumao , De Boeck Hans J. , Liu Yongjie
Published: January 2025

Aims

Multiple studies have addressed the relationship between plant biomass and species richness, often reporting a hump‐shaped curve. However, such research in natural grassland was mostly conducted in temperate, arid and semiarid areas, with few studies focused on subalpine regions. Moreover, in most cases, plant community biomass was the main variable of interest, with few studies considering also plant individual biomass, calculated by dividing plant community biomass by plant abundance.

Location

To explore the relationship between plant biomass and species richness in subalpine regions, a field survey was conducted in three locations with fenced subalpine grasslands on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau in China in 2020 and 2023.

Methods

Plant aboveground biomass and species richness were recorded along four transects in each location. Analyses were performed using both plant community biomass and plant individual biomass to test whether using a different biomass measure affected the plant biomass–species richness relationship.

Results

Location and Year × Location significantly affected species richness, plant community biomass and plant individual biomass. Curve estimations demonstrated a positive nonlinear relationship between plant community biomass and species richness and a negative nonlinear relationship between plant individual biomass and species richness. These patterns were modified by the locations of the three grasslands. Competition can explain some of the different patterns between plant community biomass–species richness relationship and plant individual biomass–species richness relationship.

Conclusions

In general, the choice of biomass approach affected the relationship between plant biomass and species richness in subalpine grasslands, which indicates that plant abundance impacts plant biomass–species richness relationship. Future research should consider further modulators and drivers when exploring the plant biomass–species richness relationship in grasslands in a climate change context.
The Lived Experience of Nurses in Conserving the Dignity of Patients With Life‐Limiting Illnesses
Authors: Wulandari Bertha Tesma , Rochmawati Erna
Published: January 2025

To explore the experiences of nurses in maintaining the dignity of patients with life‐limiting illnesses. A phenomenological study was conducted with 15 purposively selected nurses who provide care for patients with life‐limiting illnesses. Colaizzi's naturalistic phenomenological approach was utilized to analyze the data. The study followed the COREQ guidelines for qualitative research reporting. Three themes emerged: (1) Establishing a therapeutic environment, (2) Respecting the humanity of patients, and (3) Strengthening the spirituality of patients. Building trust, providing compassionate care, and motivating patients are integral to establishing a therapeutic environment. Nurses emphasized enhancing patients' spirituality by encouraging religious rituals and supporting positive interpretations of illness from religious perspectives. Creating a therapeutic environment is fundamental to dignified care. In addition, humanized care and spirituality are critical components of providing dignified care. These findings have implications for nursing practice, education, and policy, highlighting the need to integrate dignity into nursing care through humanized and spiritual/religious support.
Long‐Term Intercropping With Nitrogen Management to Improve Soil Quality and Control Crop Diseases
Authors: Hu Bijie , Zhang Jing , Xiao Jingxiu , Yang Siyin , Dong Kun , Dong Yan
Published: January 2025

Long‐term positioning experiments have demonstrated significant benefits in agricultural production and environmental protection. Faba bean‐wheat intercropping with nitrogen fertiliser can effectively mitigate the occurrence of faba bean wilt disease. Identifying the optimal nitrogen application rate is essential for enhancing the disease control efficacy of intercropping. This study aimed to investigate the long‐term effects of varying nitrogen application levels on the physical, chemical, and biological changes in the rhizosphere soil of faba bean under intercropping conditions and to examine their relationship with the incidence of faba bean wilt disease. In a 9‐year field experiment, two treatments of faba bean‐wheat intercropping for 1 year (IF‐1) and 9 years (IF‐9) were established to investigate the incidence of faba bean wilt under four nitrogen levels (N0: 0 kg ha−1; N1: 45 kg ha−1; N2: 90 kg ha−1; N3: 135 kg ha−1). Rhizosphere soil from faba bean plants was collected to assess the corresponding physical, chemical, and biological indicators. Long‐term intercropping promoted the growth of faba bean plants and effectively controlled faba bean wilt disease by improving soil structure and fertility and soil quality (SQI). Under different nitrogen application levels, certain soil physical properties (moisture content, macroaggregate proportion, MWD, and GMD) and chemical properties (SOM, total carbon, SOC, total nutrients, and available nutrients) peaked under N2 (90 kg ha−1), with SQI showing a similar trend. Additionally, long‐term intercropping enhanced enzyme activity in the faba bean rhizosphere, reshaped microbial community composition, maximised the benefits of beneficial microbes, reduced the abundance of the pathogenic fungus Fusarium, and achieved optimal disease control under N2. Under long‐term intercropping with nitrogen fertiliser application at N2 (90 kg ha−1), the physical structure of the faba bean rhizosphere soil was significantly improved, soil quality and fertility were enhanced, and the abundance of plant pathogens was reduced by modifying the microbial community composition. This effectively alleviated faba bean disease, promoted healthy plant growth, and maintained soil function.
The Impact of Relocations Within Nursing Home Care on Long‐Term Care Residents According to Stakeholders: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Schreuder Miranda C. , Landeweer Elleke G. M. , Perry Marieke , Zuidema Sytse U. ,   the RELOCARE Consortium
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Nursing home residents can be faced with relocations within nursing home care for various reasons, whether individual or per group. We aimed to collect a broad stakeholder overview of observed and experienced impacts on residents and aspects that influence the impact.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative study using semistructured interviews followed by one focus group. We recruited participants from various stakeholder perspectives based on differences in roles while having an interest or involvement in relocations, and experience with relocations. The interviews and focus group were audiorecorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using responsive and thematic analysis.

Results

In 17 interviews including one duo interview, participants described the impact on residents varying from very positive to very negative. In addition, stakeholders addressed differences in impact related to the relocation phase (before, during, after). Aspects influencing the impact of relocations were (1) mental resilience of residents, (2) organisation of relocations, (3) social connections of residents, and (4) the new (care) environment. The focus group with six participants added further insights in the subtheme ‘organisation of relocations’, emphasising the importance of clear and timely communication with residents and relatives and recognizability of (personal) items and professional caregivers from the former nursing home.

Conclusion

Stakeholders described the impact of relocations within nursing homes to vary between and within nursing home residents. Aspects they identified to influence this impact provide incentives to reduce the negative impact on residents and foster positive impact. Further research needs to zoom‐in on the perceived impact of relocations within nursing homes of residents themselves.
Co‐incorporation of rice straw and milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) improves soil fertility and rice yield in two typical paddy soils
Authors: Wan Li , Chen Xiaofen , Yang Shuang , Qin Wenjing , Zhou Guopeng , Xia Longlong , Kang Yuntao , Liu Jia
Published: January 2025

The application of rice straw and milk vetch (MV) is a common practice in paddy rice systems in Southern China. However, the effects of the addition of MV and different amounts of rice straw on paddy soil fertility and rice yield remain uncertain. To analyse the co‐incorporation of MV and different amounts of rice straw on soil fertility, soil enzyme activities as well as rice yield in two typical soils in the red soil region, i.e. red and alluvial paddy soil, a pot experiment consisting of six treatments with four replications was conducted: (1) application of chemical fertilizer only as control (CK); (2) application of MV, (3) 6 g pot−1 of rice straw and milk vetch (S1MV); (4) 12 g pot−1 of rice straw and milk vetch (S2MV); (5) 18 g pot−1 of rice straw and milk vetch (S3MV) and (6) 24 g pot−1 of rice straw and milk vetch (S4MV). Our results showed that co‐incorporation of rice straw and MV could significantly increase the rice yield with the highest value was found in S3MV treatment in two paddy soils when compared with the application of MV treatment. When compared with MV, the rice yield increased by 314.5% and 31.8% in S3MV in the red and alluvial paddy soil, respectively. Compared with MV treatment, co‐incorporation of rice straw and MV improved soil nutrients and stimulated soil enzyme activities while the highest value was found in S2MV or S3MV treatments in two paddy soils. Moreover, the partial least squares path modelling revealed that rice yield was affected by soil organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon and soil enzyme activities. Overall, combining MV with a suitable application rate of rice straw should be recommended to improve soil fertility and rice yield in the red paddy soil region.
COVID‐19 in pregnancy
Authors: Greer Orene , Saeed Zainab , Woon Ee Von , Singh Natasha , Johnson Mark , Shah Nishel
Published: January 2025

Key content

COVID‐19 is known to be associated with significant morbidity for pregnant women and their babies.

This susceptibility to adverse clinical outcomes may be associated with the unique physiological characteristics of the pregnant host.

Public health measures recommended for the management and prevention of critical COVID‐19 in pregnancy and lactation evolved during the 2020 pandemic; some decisions were controversial.

We highlight lessons learnt and considerations for future pandemic preparedness.

Learning objectives

To outline the pathology of COVID‐19 in pregnancy, including placental involvement.

To summarise current evidence‐based management and signpost to resources updates.

To discuss the role of vaccines to reduce morbidity and mortality for existing and novel SARS‐CoV‐2 viral strains.

Ethical issues

Sustained international collaborative strategies are crucial to ensure global equity for access to treatment and vaccines for communicable diseases.
The influence of age at total hip replacement on perioperative complications associated with a press‐fit cementless stem with lateral bolt in dogs
Authors: Kokkinos Panagiotis , Parsons Kevin , Belch Alex , Barthelemy Nicolas
Published: January 2025

Objective

To assess the influence of age on perioperative stem‐associated complications when total hip replacement (THR) was performed with a BFX lateral bolt stem.

Study design

Retrospective (2017–2022).

Sample population

A total of 197 client‐owned dogs.

Methods

Medical records of dogs that underwent THR with a lateral bolt stem were reviewed. Perioperative complications were recorded. Stem and femoral features were measured on postoperative and follow‐up radiographs. The population was divided into juveniles (6–10 months), adults (>10 months to <7 years), and older dogs (≥7 years old). Association between groups and perioperative complications was assessed.

Results

Two‐hundred and fifty five THRs were recorded: 139 unilateral and 58 bilateral. Intraoperative and early postoperative stem complication rates were 8.6% and 2%, respectively. Juveniles were at increased risk of developing intraoperative fissures. Age was not associated with early postoperative stem complications. German shepherd dogs were associated with postoperative fractures. Subsidence was weakly, but positively, associated with weight and canal flare index.

Conclusion

Juveniles were at increased risk of developing fissures. There was no difference in postoperative stem complications among age groups. German shepherds were at increased risk of postoperative fracture despite the use of a lateral bolt stem. More studies are required to assess the effect of giant breeds on the risk of subsidence, as well as the effect of young age on fissure development.

Clinical significance

Age influenced the development of intraoperative, but not postoperative, stem complications with a lateral bolt stem. Prophylactic cerclage application could be considered in juvenile and German shepherd dogs.
Using harmonicity to facilitate binaural fusion
Authors: Aronoff Justin M. , Deutsch Jordan , LaPapa Josephine R.
Published: January 2025

Harmonicity is an organizing principle in the auditory system, facilitating auditory object formation. The goal of the current study is to determine if harmonicity also facilitates binaural fusion. Participants listened to pairs of two-tone harmonic complex tones that were harmonically or inharmonically related to each other. When the components of two inharmonically related complex tones were divided between the ears, the resulting percept was not binaurally fused. In contrast, when the components of two harmonically related complex tones were divided between the ears, binaural fusion occurred, even absent interaural spectral overlap. This suggests that harmonicity can facilitate binaural fusion.
Reconstitution of synaptic junctions orchestrated by teneurin-latrophilin complexes
Authors: Zhang Xuchen , Chen Xudong , Matúš Daniel , Südhof Thomas C.
Published: January 2025

Synapses are organized by trans-synaptic adhesion molecules that coordinate assembly of pre- and postsynaptic specializations, which, in turn, are composed of scaffolding proteins forming liquid-liquid phase-separated condensates. Presynaptic teneurins mediate excitatory synapse organization by binding to postsynaptic latrophilins; however, the mechanism of action of teneurins, driven by extracellular domains evolutionarily derived from bacterial toxins, remains unclear. In this work, we show that only the intracellular sequence, a dimerization sequence, and extracellular bacterial toxin–derived latrophilin-binding domains of Teneurin-3 are required for synapse organization, suggesting that teneurin-induced latrophilin clustering mediates synaptogenesis. Intracellular Teneurin-3 sequences capture liquid-liquid phase-separated presynaptic active zone scaffolds, enabling us to reconstitute an entire synaptic junction from purified proteins in which trans-synaptic teneurin-latrophilin complexes recruit phase-separated pre- and postsynaptic specializations.
3D polycatenated architected materials
Authors: Zhou Wenjie , Nadarajah Sujeeka , Li Liuchi , Izard Anna Guell , Yan Hujie , Prachet Aashutosh K. , Patel Payal , Xia Xiaoxing , Daraio Chiara
Published: January 2025

Architected materials derive their properties from the geometric arrangement of their internal structural elements. Their designs rely on continuous networks of members to control the global mechanical behavior of the bulk. In this study, we introduce a class of materials that consist of discrete concatenated rings or cage particles interlocked in three-dimensional networks, forming polycatenated architected materials (PAMs). We propose a general design framework that translates arbitrary crystalline networks into particle concatenations and geometries. In response to small external loads, PAMs behave like non-Newtonian fluids, showing both shear-thinning and shear-thickening responses, which can be controlled by their catenation topologies. At larger strains, PAMs behave like lattices and foams, with a nonlinear stress-strain relation. At microscale, we demonstrate that PAMs can change their shapes in response to applied electrostatic charges. The distinctive properties of PAMs pave the path for developing stimuli-responsive materials, energy-absorbing systems, and morphing architectures.
The ancestral genome’s tale
The Trouble with Ancient DNA: Telling Stories of the Past with Genomic Science
Anna Källén
University of Chicago Press, 2025. 160 pp.
Authors: Nägele Kathrin
Published: January 2025

Narratives that invoke ancient DNA must be crafted with care, argues an archaeologist
The growing threat of multiyear droughts
Authors: Hoover David L. , Smith William K.
Published: January 2025

Understanding and monitoring ecological responses is important as droughts last longer
Navigating the complexity of touch
Authors: Marasco Paul D.
Published: January 2025

Precise cortical microstimulation improves tactile experience in brain–machine interfaces
In Science Journals
Authors: Vignieri Sacha , Lavine Marc S. , Maroso Mattia , Szuromi Phil , Lopez Bianca , Baek Amy E. , Charneski Catherine , Kelly Priscilla N. , Ross Sarah H. , Simonti Corinne , Walia Ankit , Smith Jesse , Grocholski Brent , Nusinovich Yevgeniya , Olingy Claire
Published: January 2025

Highlights from the
Science
family of journals
Why the ‘Ferrari of viruses’ is surging
Authors: Cohen Jon
Published: January 2025

Antibody-dodging norovirus variant may be helping drive a rise in outbreaks
Tracking thermal histories through the detrital record using rutile U-Pb-He double-dating
Authors: Dröllner Maximilian , Danišík Martin , Barham Milo , Kirkland Christopher L.
Published: January 2025

Investigation of source-to-sink relationships using the detrital record is frequently reliant on zircon and thus biased toward high-temperature magmatic processes. In contrast, rutile, which grows or recrystallizes under lower-temperature conditions, allows reconstruction of the metamorphic history of source terranes. Here, we present the first rutile double-dating analysis, integrating U-Pb geochronology and (U-Th)/He thermochronology on individual grains to refine provenance understanding. Results from heavy mineral−enriched Neogene siliciclastic sediments of the Murray Basin in southeast Australia fingerprint an exotic central Australian source, implying long-distance multicycle sediment dispersal via intermediate sedimentary basins. Source-to-sink relationships support the billion-year influence of radiating pulses of sediment dispersal across the Australian continent from its denuding core.
A slab origin for low-δ18O arc magmas
Authors: Mole David R. , Lewis Christopher J. , Bodorkos Simon , Crowley James L. , Schofield Anthony , Curtis Stacey O. , Evans Noreen J.
Published: January 2025

Plate tectonics is the primary method for cycling of material between the mantle, crust, and surface reservoirs of our planet. Oxygen isotopes (18O/16O, δ18O) in zircon have been shown to track source components through subduction, primarily by detecting the presence of isotopically heavy supracrustal material. Isotopically light signatures are relatively rare, suggesting recycling of high-temperature hydrothermal sources is negligible. Here, we report light δ18O data from magmatic-arc rocks of the 511−500 Ma Stavely Belt in western Victoria, Australia. These rocks demonstrate a two-stage mixing history: (1) constant, highly radiogenic εHf with decreasing δ18O, indicating sub-mantle δ18O initial compositions, interpreted to represent a sub-arc mantle contaminated with low-δ18O slab melts and/or fluids; and (2) decreasing εHf with increasing δ18O, implying crustal contamination with country-rock turbidites. These new data suggest that high-temperature hydrothermal sources can be recycled through subduction zones and alter the composition of the sub-arc mantle. We demonstrate how slab tearing could have driven this process, its connection to the architecture of the Delamerian Orogen, and implications for circum-supercontinent margins.
Supplemental Material: Regional exhumation of the Laramide Province
Authors: Jepson Gilby , al. et
Published: January 2025

Single-grain apatite fission-track data of samples collected in this study; thermal history models, assumptions, and model fits; published low-temperature thermochronological data from the Laramide Province; and a version of Figure 5 filtered for apatite fission-track data with long confined track lengths.
Red blood cell transfusions in neonatal intensive care units: a nationwide observational cohort study
Authors: Heeger Lisanne Elise , Caram-Deelder Camila , Gunnink Suzanne , Cassel F , d'Haens Esther J , Hulzebos Christian V , de Kort Ellen , Onland Wes , Prins S , Vijlbrief Daniel C , Vrancken Sabine L , van Westering-Kroon Elke , van der Bom Johanna G , Lopriore Enrico
Published: January 2025

Objective

To describe the use and nationwide variation of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) following the introduction of the revised national transfusion guideline in 2019.

Design and patients

We randomly selected neonates born below 32 weeks’ gestation admitted to any NICU in the Netherlands in 2020 to include in our retrospective observational cohort study.

Main outcome measures

Main outcome measures were the number of neonates receiving at least one transfusion, and the number of transfusions per transfused neonate.

Results

Of 762 neonates included, 34% (257/762) received at least one RBC transfusion, varying between centres from 20% (12/61) to 50% (39/77). Median phlebotomy loss during admission was 8.2 mL/kg (IQR 4.5–17.3 mL/kg), equating to 54.3% of the median transfusion volume. Of 770 transfusions, 358 (47%) were administered above the recommended threshold, and the proportion of transfusions given above the threshold varied between centres from 15% to 719%. Median transfusion dosage and mean infusion duration were 15.1 mL/kg (IQR 15.0–16.7 mL/kg) and 3.9 hours (SD 1.1 hour) and varied from 14.8 mL/kg to 18.9 mL/kg and from 2.5 hours to 5.5 hours between centres. Blood transfusion volume was positively correlated with cumulative volume of blood draws (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.84, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.86) and lower gestation.

Conclusions

Large variation in transfusion practice remains between Dutch NICUs despite a national guideline. Extreme prematurity and cumulative blood draws were associated with increased use of RBC transfusions. Benchmarking will yield leverage points to understand and potentially prevent unwarranted variation.
Doctors taking bribes from pharmaceutical companies is common and not substantially reduced by an educational intervention: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Mishal , Noor Muhammad Naveed , Rahman-Shepherd Afifah , Siddiqui Amna Rehana , Khan Sabeen Sharif , van der Mark Nina , Isani Afshan Khurshid , Siddiqi Ahson Q , Opondo Charles , Ziauddin Faisal , Bhutto Faiza , Azam Iqbal , Hanefeld Johanna , Ali Natasha , Khan Robyna Irshad , Kazmi Syed Ahmed Raza , Wiseman Virginia , Aftab Wafa , Mirza Zafar , Hasan Zainab , Siddiqi Sameen , Hasan Rumina , Shakoor Sadia
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Incentive-linked prescribing, which is when healthcare providers accept incentives from pharmaceutical companies for prescribing promoted medicines, is a form of bribery that harms patients and health systems globally. We developed a novel method using data collectors posing as pharmaceutical company sales representatives to evaluate private doctors’ engagement in incentive-linked prescribing and the impact of a multifaceted educational intervention on reducing this practice in Karachi, Pakistan.

Methods

We made a sampling frame of all doctors running for-profit, primary-care clinics and randomly allocated participants to control and intervention groups (1:1). The intervention group received a multifaceted seminar on ethical prescribing and reinforcement messages over 6 weeks. The control group attended a seminar without mention of ethical prescribing. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants agreeing to accept incentives in exchange for prescribing promoted medicines from data collectors posing as pharmaceutical company representatives, 3 months after the seminars.

Results

We enrolled 419 of 440 eligible participants. Of 210 participants randomly allocated to the intervention group, 135 (64%) attended the intervention seminar and of 209 participants allocated to the control group, 132 (63%) attended the placebo seminar. The primary outcome was assessed in 130 (96%) and 124 (94%) of intervention and control participants, respectively. No participants detected the covert data collectors. 52 control group doctors (41.9%) agreed to accept incentives as compared with 42 intervention group doctors (32.3%). After adjusting for doctors’ age, sex and clinic district, there was no evidence of the intervention’s impact on the primary outcome (OR 0.70 [95% CI 0.40 to 1.20], p=0.192).

Conclusions

This first study to covertly assess deal-making between doctors and pharmaceutical company representatives demonstrated that the practice is strikingly widespread in the study setting and suggested that substantial reductions are unlikely to be achieved by educational interventions alone. Our novel method provides an opportunity to generate evidence on deal-making between doctors and pharmaceutical companies elsewhere.
Does candidate race influence simulated patient ratings in standardised assessments of clinical practice? A single-blinded randomised study in UK medical schools
Authors: Brown Celia , Sebastian Ann , Khavandi Sarah , Badger Kerry , Westacott Rachel , Reed Malcolm , Gurnell Mark , Sam Amir H
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Standardisation of medical examinations involves minimising assessor stereotyping and bias for a fair process. This study aimed to determine whether being a non-white candidate affected scoring by simulated patients, compared with a white candidate, at three different performance grades in the same history-taking station.

Design

Single-blinded, video-based, randomised study.

Participants

163 simulated patients watched a randomly allocated set of six videos. Each set consisted of three white and three non-white (South Asian, black and Chinese) candidates performing at either fail, borderline or pass grades. Therefore, each simulated patient assessor observed one white and one non-white candidate at each grade and scored communication and professionalism domains.

Main outcome measure

The median and interquartile range of the difference between total scores for the white and non-white candidates were compared at all three performance grades.

Results

The black fail candidate scored statistically significantly lower than their white fail counterpart. The black borderline and Chinese borderline candidates scored significantly higher than their white counterparts. No other differences were statistically significant at p<0.0057.

Conclusions

Being a black candidate at the fail level of performance was associated with a lower score than being a white candidate at the fail level of performance, thereby indicating a negative stereotype against black students. However, being black or Chinese at a borderline grade was associated with higher scores than being white candidate at the same grade potentially due to self-awareness of potential bias when there is uncertainty regarding the performance.
Awareness and acceptance of menstrual cups and the factors associated with it among healthcare professionals in Wolaita Zone, South Ethiopia: institution-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Gesese Molalegn Mesele , Atnafu Gebeyehu Natnael , Gelaw Kelemu Abebe , Abrham Asnake Angwach , Geda Yohannes Fikadu
Published: January 2025

Objective

To explore awareness and acceptance of menstrual cups and associated factors among healthcare professionals in Wolaita Zone, South Ethiopia.

Design

Institution-based cross-sectional study.

Setting

The current study was carried out among governmental health facilities in Wolaita Zone, South Ethiopia Regional State between 1 September and 30 September 2023.

Participants

Using a simple random sampling technique, 425 healthcare providers were selected. Data were collected using a self-administered, pre-tested questionnaire.

Outcome measures

The data were entered using Epi-data version 3.1, and after being exported, were analysed using SPSS version 25. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify relevant components. An adjusted OR and a 95% CI were used to report the relationship between the covariates and the outcome variable.

Results

The level of awareness towards menstrual cups was 16.2% (95% CI 12.9% to 19.8%). Type of healthcare profession 5.75 (aOR=5.75, 95% CI 1.94 to 17.01), the use of broadcast media 4.40 (aOR=4.40, 95% CI 1.80 to 10.70), and social media use (aOR=3.24, 95% CI 1.53 to 6.88) were significantly associated with awareness towards menstrual cups.

Conclusion

The awareness of menstrual cups among female healthcare providers was incredibly low. Type of healthcare profession, broadcast media, and social media use were the main determinants of menstrual cup awareness. Therefore, both government and non-governmental organisations should focus on promoting and providing menstrual cups nationwide.
Effectiveness of a virtual reality-based sensory stimulation intervention in preventing delirium in intensive care units: a randomised-controlled trial protocol
Authors: Liang Surui , Liu Yong , Wen Taoxue , Luo Dan , He Mingxin , Tian Jinfei
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Delirium is a common acute cognitive impairment characterised by confusion, disorientation and attention deficits, particularly prevalent in intensive care unit (ICU) settings. Given its significant impact on patients, caregivers and healthcare resources, preventing delirium in patients in the ICU is of paramount importance. This is the first randomised-controlled trial designed to evaluate the effects of a virtual reality-based sensory stimulation intervention on preventing delirium in ICU patients.

Methods and analysis

We employed a paired randomisation method to match eligible participants based on a validated delirium risk scoring model for patients in the ICU. The study will commence in September 2024 and conclude in June 2026. A consecutive sample of 324 patients in the ICU admitted to the study setting will be recruited. Eligible participants will be randomly allocated to receive either virtual reality-based sensory stimulation in addition to usual care or usual care alone. The virtual reality-based sensory stimulation intervention will last for up to 14 days, with all interventions administered by a research team. We define delirium-free days over a 14-day period as the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes will include delirium incidence, duration and severity; patients’ psychological well-being (post-traumatic stress disorder, sleep quality and ICU memory); patients’ clinical outcomes and other outcomes (quality of life, independence and cognitive function). Data will be collected at baseline, post-intervention and 6 months post-intervention. Two independent t-tests or Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests will be used for continuous variables, while χ2or Fisher’s exact tests will be employed for categorical variables. The analysis will adhere to both the intention-to-treat and per-protocol principles. Additionally, mixed-effects models and subgroup analysis will be planned.

Ethics and dissemination

This protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University (NYSZYYEC20230068). All participants or their family caregivers will provide written informed consent. Results will be disseminated through scientific publications, and presentations at local and international conferences.

Trial registration number

ClinicalTrials.govNCT06153472. Trial registration date: 22 November 2023.