bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF SMALL INNOVATIVE BUSINESS IN THE MODERN ECONOMY
Authors: Mkhitaryan A A , Chabanenko E B
Published: April 2022

The role of small innovative business is very important in today's economy, because it is primarily the creation of new business, building on the innovative idea or technology that can provide sustainable competitive advantage.
Preparation of a Modern Specialist in Higher Vocational Education
Authors: Eremeeva L V
Published: April 2022

The connection between the economic and cultural state of the society and the educational system is analyzed in the article. The question of professionally competent engineering staff in the context of the requirements of the modern society are discussed and suggests the ways to resolve it.
Didactic category of "goal setting" in relation to the teaching of Russian language and speech standards under conditions of reform of Russian education system
Authors: Anokhina T Y
Published: April 2022

The paper is devoted to the didactic category of goal setting and it's use in the course of rules and laws of communication.
Innovative Technology and Training Teachers for Secondary Education
Authors: Kharitonov V I
Published: April 2022

This article discusses the possibility of combining traditional and modern information technologies in educational process. A program of the course «Modern technologies of training» for the professional development of teachers is offered. Necessity of introduction on faculty of improvement of professional skill teachers of a rate "Information networks and telecommunications" is proved.
NEW APPROACHES TO GOVERNANCE OF INNOVATION PROCESSES IN RUSSIAN ECONOMY
Authors: Rayzberg B A
Published: April 2022

The article examines applied organizational and economic mechanisms of state control of technical and technological progress, innovation in the making of a market economy in Russia. The authors presented the description of the unsolved problems of innovative development. Program strategy outlined the impact of government on the formation of innovative policy of the Russian economy.
COVID -19 pandemi sürecinin üçüncü basamak gastroenteroloji servisi yatışları üzerine etkisi
Authors: BOSTAN Feyzi , KIZILKAYA Ayten Feyza Ç , KARADURU Ayşe , ÇEVİK Ceren , ÇEKİN Ayhan Hilmi
Published: April 2022

Giriş ve Amaç: Şiddetli akut solunum yolu sendromu koronavirüsü-2’nin neden olduğu COVID-19 ilk olarak Çin’in Hubei Eyaletinin Wuhan şehrinde 2019 Aralık ayında ortaya çıkan bir hastalıktır. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü, salgının dünyada yayılması ile 11 Mart 2020 tarihinde COVID-19 salgınını pandemi ilan etti. Pandemi ilanı, hem ülkemizde hem de diğer ülkelerde normal sağlık hizmetleri ve COVID-19 pandemisiyle mücadelenin aynı anda aksatılmadan yürütülmesini zorunlu kıldı. Biz de pandemi ilanıyla başlayan pandemi döneminin Antalya Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Gastroenteroloji servisi hasta yatışlarının sayısal olarak, yatış süreleri, yatırılan servis (acil/poliklinik) tanı dağılımları açısından nasıl etkilendiğini görmek için bu çalışmayı planladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamıza Nisan - Kasım 2020 tarihleri ile 2019 yılının aynı aylarında gastroenteroloji servisine yatan hastaları dahil ettik. Hastaların bilgileri ve tanıları hastane bilgi yönetim sisteminde kayıtlı olan elektronik dosyalarından alındı. Çalışmamıza toplam 1321 hasta dahil edildi. Çalışmaya katılanların 646’sı (%49) pandemi öncesi dönemde, 675’i (%51) pandemi döneminde yatan hastalardı. Bulgular: Yatırılan hasta sayısı olarak her iki dönem arasında fark yoktu (p: 0.113). Yatış süresi pandemi döneminde pandemi öncesi döneme göre daha kısaydı (pandemi öncesi dönem 6.4 ± 5.5 gün vs. pandemi dönemi 5.7 ± 4.9, p: 0.028). Hastalar her iki dönemde de daha çok acil servisten yatırılmışlardı (pandemi öncesi dönem %74.6 vs pandemi dönemi %78 p: 0.210). Tanı dağılımına bakıldığında hastalar pandemi öncesi 31 farklı tanı ile, pandemi sonrası 30 farklı tanı ile yatırılmıştı. Her iki dönemde de en sık üst gastrointestinal sistem kanaması ile yatırılmışlardı. Pandemi öncesi dönemde 134 (%20.3) ve pandemi döneminde de 129 (%18.8) hasta üst gastrointestinal sistem kanaması nedeniyle servise yatırılmıştı. Her iki dönem arasında bu tanı açısından anlamlı fark yoktu (p: 0.488). Sonuç: COVID-19 pandemisi 3. basamak gastroenteroloji servis hasta yatışlarını sayısal olarak, yatırıldıkları servis ve tanı dağılımı açısından etkilememiştir. Yatış süresini ise kısaltmıştır.
The Effects of Different Concentrations of Foliar Applied Chitosan, Iron Oxide and Chitosan-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on the Secondary Metabolites of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra. During Full Bloom
Authors: BAL Ayşe , ÖZEN Hasan Çetin , TURAL Bilsen , ERTAŞ Erdal
Published: April 2022

Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra. (Hypericaceae) is one of the important medicinal plants. This herb is used in Turkish folk medicine for its antidepressant, anthelmintic and antiseptic effects. Hypericum extracts have an important commercial value in the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, studies to increase the amount of secondary metabolites it contains are becoming widespread. Elicitors are biological and non-biological factors that can affect the synthesis of secondary metabolites in plants. In recent years, nanoelicitors have been used to increase the amount of active ingredients. In this study, to stimulate the synthesis of biologically active secondary compounds of H. triquetrifolium; chitosan, iron oxide and chitosan-coated iron oxide nanoparticles in concentrations of 0 (control), 50, 75, 100 and 150 ppm were sprayed on the leaves during full bloom. LC-MS/MS analysis showed that application of 100 and 150 ppm chitosan nanoparticles increased the amount of flavonol (hyperocyte and quercitrin) and naphthodianthrons (pseudohypericin and hypericin) in H. triquetrifolium. 50 ppm iron oxide nanoparticle hyperocyte, quercitrin and pseudohypericin; 75 and 100 ppm iron oxide nanoparticles increased the amount of hyperocyte, quercitrin and hyperforin. The 150 ppm iron oxide nanoparticle resulted in an increase in all compounds except hypericin. In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles coated with chitosan were also used as elicitors to improve the chemical and biological properties of iron oxide. In this series, iron oxide nanoparticle coated with 100 ppm chitosan was effective and increased the amounts of quercitrine, kaempferol and pseudohypericin. The concentration of 75 ppm of this group was effective on quercitrin.
Perceived Health Care Needs of Amish Populations in Two Newly Established Districts
Authors: McCrea Karen
Published: April 2022

The Amish population in the United States is growing rapidly, leading to many new Amish communities. This mixed-methods study establishes the demographic characteristics within two newly formed Amish districts in New York State and determines the community's perceived health care needs. The study targeted married individuals within the two districts, utilizing informational meetings, individual meetings, and the creation of a Perceived Health Care Needs Questionnaire. The findings included baseline demographics, barriers to health care access, desired health care provider qualities, and perceptions related to health care costs. Conclusions: The Amish are an underserved population with significant barriers to health care, and newly established districts located in rural geographical areas where Amish communities previously did not exist face additional challenges. Opportunities exist for health care providers to help the newly established Amish districts meet their desired health care needs in a culturally competent manner.
Kraybill, What the Amish Teach Us: Plain Living in a Busy World
Authors: Homan Greg
Published: April 2022

No abstract available.
Factors associated with all-cause mortality in patients with coronary artery chronic total occlusions undergoing revascularization (percutaneous coronary intervention or surgery) or medical treatment
Authors: Aslan B. , Özbek M. , Aktan A. , Boyraz B. , Tenekecioğlu E.
Published: April 2022

Aim    Chronic total occlusion of a coronary artery (CTO) is a predictor of early and late cardiovascular mortality and poor cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of all-cause mortality in CTO patients that underwent invasive treatment.Material and methods    Patients between 2012 and 2018 with CTO in at least one vessel, as demonstrated by coronary angiography, were included retrospectively in the study. The patients were divided into two groups, an intervention group (percutaneous and surgical revascularization) and a medical group.Results    A total of 543 patients were studied, 152 females (28%) and 391 males (72%). The median follow-up period was 49 (26–72) mos. A total of 186 (34.2%) patients in the medical group and 357 (65.8%) patients in the invasive therapy group were followed. The 5-yr death rate was observed in 50 (26.9%) patients in the medical group and 53 (14.8%) patients in the intervention group, and it was found to be statistically higher in the medical group (p=0.001). In multivariable analysis, heart failure (odds ratio (OR): 1.92, 95% CI: 1.18-3.14; p=0.01), higher glucose levels (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1,02-1.08; p=0.04), lower albumin levels (OR: 0.49, 95% Cl: 0.32-0.72; p=0.001), SYNTAX score (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.05; p=0.001), and CTO (≥2 occluded artery) (OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.22-0.72; p=0.01) were independent factors for all-cause mortality.Conclusion    In comparison to the revascularized group, there was an increase in mortality among CTO patients treated medically. Heart failure, SYNTAX score, albumin, glucose, and CTO (≥2 occluded arteries) were independent risk factors for all-cause mortality.
Anxiety and depressive disorders in general practice
Authors: Fedin A. I.
Published: April 2022

The problem of anxiety and depressive disorders (ADD) is one of the most urgent in modern general medical practice. ADD are widespread both in the general population and in the hospital network, especially in outpatient general practice. The article presents the main clinical manifestations of anxiety and depression, emphasizes their polysystemic somatic manifestations and concurrence with cardiovascular diseases. The pathophysiology of the clinical manifestations of anxiety and depression is discussed. A detailed analysis of their diagnosis and main treatment methods is given.
Investigation of Tribological Properties of TiAlCN Coated Piston Ring
Authors: ALIŞIR Sevim , EVRENSEL Dileknur
Published: April 2022

In internal combustion engines (ICE), the friction of parts working in contact affects both engine life and fuel consumption. Piston rings cause a significant portion of friction losses in an ICE. Today, different surface coatings are made to reduce these effects. The Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) method has attracted the most attention because it is environmentally friendly and homogeneous coatings can be obtained. In this study, the tribological and mechanical properties (microhardness) of TiAlCN ceramic coating and uncoated piston ring applied to piston rings made of cast iron by CAPVD method are reported. The wear morphologies, chemical composition and phases on the coating surface were analyzed by SEM, EDX and XRD techniques. As a result of the tribological test, the average friction coefficients of the uncoated and TiAlCN coating under dry conditions were determined as 0.76 and 0.21, respectively. As a result of the reciprocating slip test, the wear rate of the TiAlCN coating was reduced by approximately 97% compared to the uncoated ring. The results showed that the TiAlCN coating exhibited good tribological properties. Besides, wear mechanisms were examined based on the SEM image and EDX analysis taken from the worn surface of the samples.
Radiografía de las empresas multilatinas y las multinacionales de América Latina: abril 2022
Authors: Barafani Magdalena , Fuchs Marian , Lachman Jeremías , López Andrés , Merino María Florencia , Papu Valentina , Pascuini Paulo , Rozemberg Ricardo
Published: April 2022

El Instituto para la Integración de América Latina y el Caribe (INTAL) del Sector de Integración y Comercio del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID), ha realizado, en conjunto con el Instituto Interdisciplinario de Economía Política (IIEP-UBA/CONICET), dos encuestas en 15 países de la región entre fines de 2019 y comienzos de 2020 (previo a la pandemia, salvo algunos casos puntuales que se tuvieron que completar a posteriori) a filiales de empresas multinacionales (EMN) y a Multilatinas. Los resultados aportan información valiosa y actualizada sobre las motivaciones, actividades, desempeño, estrategias, vinculaciones y percepciones de estas empresas. Esperamos que este documento constituya una contribución relevante para los tomadores de decisión en el ámbito público y privado, además de ayudar al avance del conocimiento sobre esta temática clave para el presente y futuro del desarrollo económico de la región.
Corporate Evaluation: Evaluation of Guarantee Instruments at the IDB Group
Authors: Pires Jose Claudio Linhares , Gotz Gunnar , Legarreta Regina , Del Pilar Diego , De Santis Stefania , Putic Melanie , Lamdany Ruben , Preugschat Kai , Ramírez Nadia
Published: April 2022

This evaluation reviews the experience of the Inter-American Development Bank Group (IDB Group) with using medium- and long-term guarantees to support its clients during the period 2005 to 2020. This is the first evaluation by the Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE) of the guarantee instrument - an instrument that has the potential to mobilize private resources and has been in the tool kit of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) since its establishment (see IDB, 1996). The evaluation is delivered at a time when the IDB Group and its borrowers are looking for innovative ways to mobilize additional financing to confront the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, to meet the Sustainable Development Goals, and to comply with the Paris Agreement. The From Billions to Trillions initiative prepared jointly by several multilateral development banks (MDBs) aims to mobilize private financing for these goals (AfDB et al., 2015). This evaluation examines the extent to which the IDB Group has used guarantees to mobilize private resources and identifies the main challenges to the use of long- and medium-term guarantees. The focus is on guarantees as an instrument, and thus the evaluation does not assess the outcomes of projects and programs financed using guarantees.
Analysis of Customer Preferences and Satisfaction toward Sharia Bank Services in Indonesia during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Riduwan Riduwan , Rifan Akhmad Arif , Shulthoni Muhammad , Ariffin Muhammad Irwan
Published: April 2022

Islamic banks are one of the financial industries affected by the covid 19 pandemic. The inability to pay their obligations to Islamic banks and deposit withdrawals directly impacts the decline in customer business. This condition increases the risk of Islamic banks so that the ability of Islamic banks is needed to maintain customer loyalty. This study aims to analyze customer preferences and satisfaction with Islamic banking services during the pandemic.The data analyzed is primary data with 308 Islamic bank customers as respondents. Determination of the sample using the purposive sampling method with the criteria of the management of Islamic social organizations has been a customer since before the pandemic and made transactions during the pandemic. The data analysis uses the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method with the Carter approach (Compliance, Assurance, Responsiveness, Tangible, Empathy and Reliability).The results showed that compliance and assurance have a high level of performance with high preferences and satisfaction. Meanwhile, people's preferences are low, and satisfaction is low because their performance is also low in the tangible and reliability aspects. Another finding is that customers have high preferences but low satisfaction because their performance is typical responsiveness, and people have low preferences. Still, high satisfaction lies in the reliability and empathy aspects.
Understanding the New Islamic Populism: Al-Mukmin Ngruki Islamic Boarding School
Authors: Adibah Ida Zahara , Mu'aqaffi Gaffar , Sesarianto Kevin Ali
Published: April 2022

The emergence of mobilised mass movements, demanding prosperity and the elimination of injustice, has emerged in various parts of the world, without exception in the Middle East and Indonesia. This movement was dominated by educated middle-class youth, sparked the term ummah, and then formed unique solidarity to protest against the government of his country. A new concept is needed by paying attention to the novelty of these characteristics, considering the old populism concept is not relevant enough to explain it. This paper seeks to raise the concept of New Islamic Populism to answer this deficiency. Furthermore, the Al-Mukmin Ngruki Islamic Boarding School (PPIM), the Islamic boarding school often associated with terrorism, is used as the object of research to show the evolution of populism. This study uses qualitative methods and data collection techniques in the form of interviews and literature studies. This study foundthat both santri and ustaz PPIM have aspirations and characteristics, asshown by the New Islamic Populism movement.
Comparison of Oral Clonidine with Oral Pregabalin Premedication for the Attenuation of Pressor Response to Direct Laryngoscopy and Tracheal Intubation in Elective Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Murari Taruna , Kaur Ranvinder , Yadav Rupesh , Kachru Nisha
Published: April 2022

Background: Laryngoscopy and intubation has adverse effects like tachycardia, hypertension, myocardial ischemia and cerebral hemorrhage. There are many studies on various pharmacological agents to attenuate pressor response. Aim of the study was to compare efficacy and safety of oral clonidine versus oral pregabalin premedication to attenuate stress response in patients undergoing elective surgery.
Methods: 106 patients of American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) class I, aged between 18-60 years of either sex scheduled for elective surgery were randomized into two groups. Group A received oral clonidine 0.2mg and group B received oral pregabalin 150mg, 90 minutes before surgery. Primary objectives of the study heart rate(HR), systolic blood pressure(SBP) diastolic blood pressure(DBP) and mean blood pressure(MBP) were noted baseline, before induction, immediately after intubation (0) and at 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 minutes after intubation. sedation, postoperative pain scores and any adverse effects were also noted.
Results: The demographic data were comparable in group A and group B. There was no significant difference at baseline for mean (SD) HR, SBP, DBP, and MBP in both groups (p>0.05). The mean (SD) HR was significantly lower in group A as compared to group B, before induction and at 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 minutes (p <0.05). The mean (SD) SBP, MBP was significantly lower in group A as compared to group B, before induction immediately after intubation and at 1, 3, and 5 minutes (p <0.05). The mean (SD) DBP was significantly lower in group A as compared to group B, before induction (p 0.012). but post-operative analgesia was better in pregabalin group. Bradycardia was more in clonidine group and sedation was more with the use of pregabalin.
Conclusion: We concluded that oral premedication with either clonidine or pre.gabalin attenuates hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation, but Clonidine is superior to pregabalin.
Comparison of Fentanyl and Nalbuphine as an Adjuvant to Bupivacaine for Spinal Anesthesia in Lower Limb Surgeries
Authors: Mehdi Imran , Ahmad Mohd Sameer , Dubey Madhulika , Ahmad Danish , Singh Surendra , Tanweeruddin Mohammad
Published: April 2022

Background: Opioids commonly used as adjuvant anaesthetics during spinal anesthesia, are favored technique for lower limb surgeries. Nalbuphine is an opioid adjuvant that acts as antagonist at μ-receptors and agonist at k-receptors that work reasonably potent analgesia. In this study we compare the efficacy of epidural Fentanyl with bupivacaine versus Epidural Nalbuphine with Bupivacaine for post-operative pain relief in lower limb surgeries.
Methods: Altogether 80 patients of lower limb surgeries were randomly allocated into two groups. 40 patients in Group I (Inj. 0.5% Bupivacaine (H) 2.5ml + Inj. Fentanyl 25mcg (0.5ml) and 40 patients in Group II (Inj. 0.5% Bupivacaine (H) 2.5ml+ Inj. Nalbuphine 5mg (0.5ml). Age of patients ranged from 18-65 years of age and male:female ratio in the present study was 1: 0.5. Patients in both the above groups were comparable on age, gender, anthropometric variables, and baseline hemodynamic variables.
Results: In the study the mean age (36.30±14.10) of group II was comparatively more than the group I (33.88±9.42) while the mean weight (61.80±11.33) of group II was also comparatively more than group I mean weight (53.80±15.59). And the mean value of duration of surgery for the group I was (112.93±12.22) while it was (110.63±10.26) for group II. A significant difference was found in weight. The intergroup comparison of level of motor blockade where in group I the level of motor blockade was (65.0%) at 2 min (B/S-1) while in group II level of blockade (70.0%) at 2 min (B/S-1) after that from 8 min to 130 min it was (100%). The level of sensory blockade of group I (72.5%) at 2 min while it was (72.5%) at 6 min after that it was NA from 8 min to 130 min and in the group II level of sensory blockade (50.0%) at 2 min and (50.0%) at 8 min after that it was (100%) from 10 min to 130 min. During Intergroup Comparison of VAS significant differences was found at 30 min and 480 min.
Conclusion: Nalbuphine when compared to Fentanyl is almost safe and hemodynamically stable drug that can be used as an adjuvant in combined spinal epidural anesthesia with similar safety profile as for Fentanyl.
Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) Block is a Novel Technique in the Hip Surgery
Authors: Espahbodi Ebrahim , Yekta Reza Atef , Majedi Hossein , Manafi Rasi Alireza , Shakiba Hasan , Kalani Pooya
Published: April 2022

Background: Peritrochantric fracture is common especially in elderly patients. Very often we are faced with elderly and fragile patients with several comorbidities. In these cases a careful anesthetic technique is crucial to reduce comorbidity and mortality. Currently the pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block are introduced as an analgesic technique. We used PENG block for purpose of hip surgical Anesthesia.
Methods: In this single-centre, case series, patients undergoing gama nailing for peritrochanteric fractures. The PENG block was performed with the patient in the supine position using ultrasound guidance. Pain scores were measured by numeric rating score (NRS) at rest and with a straight leg raise of the affected limb to 15 degrees before and 30 minutes after block performance.
Results:  Totally, 10 patients of ASA Grades II, III and were included who came with peritrochantric hip fracture and were scheduled for gamma nailing. The mean age of the study participants was 77 years. Significantly, pain scores reduced as compared with baseline. No such adverse events were recorded for any of the patients.
Conclusion: In this article the PENG block has been determined to be safe and effective as an anesthetic technique in gamma nailing of peritrochantric fractures but more research in larger-sized studies are needed to better assess the PENG block.
Vascular Pathophysiological Changes in Patients with COVID-19: A Review Article
Authors: Hassani Mohammad , Shahrbabaki Peyman Bakhshaei , Mirtajani Seyed Bashir , Moshari Mohammadreza , Tayebi Pouya
Published: April 2022

In the last days of 2019, a novel strain of coronaviruses reported in Wuhan and spread rapidly all over the world which called 2019 novel coronavirus (2019- nCoV). Almost a few months later in the early 2020 (January 2020), the WHO declared the outbreak of COVID-19 a Public Health Emergency which Compared with the other SARS- CoV, has a stronger transmission capacity.
Although respiratory problems are the main clinical symptoms of COVID-19, some patients also experience other conditions and injuries, such as severe vascular damage. Therefore, it can be said that understanding the damage caused by this infection to the vascular system and its underlying mechanisms is of great importance.
Anaemia due to Amphotericin B a Double Whammy in Postoperative Mucormycosis Patients: A Case Series
Authors: Kapoor Ruchi , Devaraj Ganga Dutt , Sharahudeen Ajeeb , Jakhar Jubin
Published: April 2022

Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) which has a common association with diabetes has led to an epidemic of mucormycosis which has been mainly attributed to rampant use of steroids owing to the severity of the disease. The mucormycosis patients presented with rhino orbital mucormycosis predominantly with or without intracranial extension making it a life-threatening condition mandating urgent debridement as treatment of choice alongside antifungal medications. Injection Amphotericin B is the first-line drug that is nephrotoxic and causes dyselectrolytemia therefore administered under strict supervision.
However, we report successful management of two unique cases where patients after surgical debridement after Amphotericin B developed severe life-threatening anaemia postoperatively along with impending respiratory failure requiring Intensive care management including non-invasive ventilation. Thus, serial haematocrit monitoring is of utmost importance while the patient is being administered Amphotericin B even when a patient is receiving the relatively safe preparation that is liposomal Amphotericin B in a dose of 3.5 mg per kg body weight.
Re-Visiting Immune Thrombocytopenia with Covid-19 Vaccination: A Case Report
Authors: Samprathi Abhishek , Sarada Pooja Prathapan , Dalal Hamza
Published: April 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has seen the emergence of various vaccines being produced at an unprecedented speed. It is not surprising that new adverse events to these vaccines are still being reported and Immune thrombocytopenic Purpura [ITP] happens to be one among them. Moderna and Pfizer vaccine have been linked to it. Association of ITP with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is poorly understood. We present to you a case of severe symptomatic thrombocytopenia post ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination which responded to conventional therapies. Aggressive use of immunosuppressive treatment may jeopardize the intended purpose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Also, the schedule and alternative vaccine for the second dose and the role early use of non-immunosuppressive treatment like Thrombopoietin receptor agonist are unclear. While the universal immunization program needs to continue, vigilance to the occurrence of severe thrombocytopenia due to vaccination is needed.
A Case of Foreign Body Esophagus in a Six Year Old Child Previosly Operated for Esopageal Atresia: The Anesthetic Management
Authors: Kumari Manisha , Gupta Mayuri , Yadav Ashish , Kumar Manoj
Published: April 2022

Foreign body ingestion is quite common in the pediatric age group. A six year old boy was brought by his parents to the hospital with history of foreign body (marble) ingestion. The child had been previously operated for the esophageal atresia. Imaging revealed a foreign body of 1.5cm size in the esophagus at the atretic part. The foreign body removal was initially attempted via rigid esophagoscopy but could not succeed. Hence, the procedure was changed to right thoracotomy for foreign body retrieval in the same sitting. Patient also had intraoperative itragenic trachea-esophageal fistula formation. General anesthesia was planned using single lumen cuffed ETT of 5.0mm ID for ventilation. Caudal catheter was inserted for postoperative pain management and early recovery following thoracotomy. Such cases of foreign body ingestion in an atretic esophagus should always be planned considering the unexpected extend of surgical procedure and peri-operative complications.
Antibiotic-resistant salmonellae in pet reptiles in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khan Hajrah A. , Almalki Meshal H.K. , Felemban Rakan , Elbanna Khaled , Abulreesh Hussein H.
Published: April 2022

We investigated the occurrence rate of antibiotic-resistant salmonellae in exotic pet reptiles in Saudi Arabia. Salmonellae samples were collected from eight different genera of pet reptiles (snakes and lizards). Selective enrichment and selective plating procedures were carried out in order to detect salmonellae. Isolated bacteria were identified using biochemical tests, API 20E strips, and the VITEK compact system. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disc diffusion method. Salmonella spp. belonging to subspecies I (Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica) were detected in 29.2% of the samples. All of the detected salmonellae showed multidrug resistance (p<0.001, χ2). The results demonstrated that pet reptiles in private households could present health hazards to humans. Therefore, these animals should be carefully handled to avoid infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report regarding the occurrence rate of antibiotic-resistant salmonellae in pet reptiles in Saudi Arabia. The detected Salmonella serovars should be subjected to further in-depth molecular analyses in order to understand the overall epidemiology of salmonellosis in Saudi Arabia.
Paradoksy w zarządzaniu strategicznym. Podejście ewolucyjno-behawioralne
Authors: Polowczyk Jan
Published: April 2022

Paradoks stał się symbolem początku XXI wieku. Paradoksy pojawiły się już nie tylko w wypowiedziach polityków i menedżerów, a także badaczy z różnych dyscyplin naukowych, a szczególnie nauk społecznych. Coraz większa złożoność otaczającego nas świata wynikająca z postępu technologicznego i rosnącej liczby ludności intensyfikuje zapotrzebowanie na koncepcję paradoksu w teorii i praktyce. Książka przedstawia podstawowe paradoksy, przed którymi stoją menedżerowie zarządzający współczesnymi przedsiębiorstwami. Dotyczą one zarówno przywództwa, jak i horyzontu czasowego, a także sposobów rozwoju. Część teoretyczna jest zilustrowana przypadkami współczesnych korporacji.
Psychosocial Risk Factors for Depression in Pregnant Adolescents
Authors: ÖKSÜZOĞLU Ayşegül , TİMUR Burcu
Published: April 2022

Aim: Pregnancy in adolescence can negatively affect psychological, physical, and social development, and depression is more common in these pregnancies. This study aimed to investigate frequency of antenatal depression, and its psychological and social antecedents, in adolescent pregnancies.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional survey study included 272 pregnant adolescents admitted to the antenatal outpatient clinic in a tertiary hospital between May and August 2019. The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) and a structured questionnaire about demographic and psychosocial characteristics, and obstetric history, were used.
Results: The mean age of the pregnant adolescents was 17.2±0.8 (range, 14-19) years, 232 (85.3%) of them were married, and their mean age at first marriage was 16.6±1.3 years. The mean total EPDS score was 8.7±6.2, and 58 (21.3%) of them had depressive symptoms. As education level decreased, the frequency of depressive symptoms increased (p=0.001). In total, 36 (62.1%) of the 58 pregnant adolescents with an EPDS score ≥13 had a history of depression; the other 22 (37.9%) had no history. The prevalence of depression symptoms was significantly higher in pregnant adolescents with a history of depression (p=0.001). In total, 17 pregnant adolescents with a depression risk score ≥13 were diagnosed with depression, and psychiatric support and counseling were provided.
Conclusion: In pregnant adolescents, low educational status and a previous history of depression were closely associated with antenatal depression. Effective antenatal screening should be performed in all pregnant adolescents, especially those with risk factors, to check for antenatal depression and identify those who need psychological support.
The Title Hierarchy of the Last Komnenoi and the Angelos Dynasty – from Sebastohypertatos to Sebastokrator
Authors: Lachowicz Paweł
Published: April 2022

The system of dignities introduced by Alexios I Komnenos was an answer for the need of a new reformed title hierarchy, adequate for aristocratic model of exercising power. It served as a clear manifestation of the special privileged position of emperor’s kinsmen. The titles granted to those relatives and affines can be traced accurately up to the reign of Manuel I. So far, however, little space has been devoted to the analysis of that system during the Angelos dynasty.It is often generally assumed following Niketas Choniates testimony, that the title hierarchy in the late 12th century suffered certain loss of value or inflation. It is worth taking a closer look at this process, on the example of the titles traditionally granted to the closest family members, at the courts of Andronicus I Komnenos and the Angeloi. I would like to focus particularly on those dignities, that at the time of the Komnenoi were given to the emperor’s siblings and his sons-in-law – from sebastohypertatos to sebastokrator. That part of the title hierarchy was much closer to a ruler, making it easier to trace.The basic problem encountered by researchers of this period is the small number of sources, not allowing for full reconstruction of the title hierarchy. However, very limited information found in the written sources can be complemented by aristocratic lead seals, which often included the dignity of their owners.From such an analysis emerges a picture of a steady evolution of the Komnenian system. The emperors of the late 12th century adjusted court dignities to need at hand. Yet that process doesn’t seem to diminish significantly the value of the highest titles.
Observations on the Portrayal of the Ruler in the Novels of Leo VI
Authors: Papagiannis Grigorios , Tziatzi-Papagianni Maria , Kollias Vasileios-Alexandros , Nikolaou Anastasia
Published: April 2022

The legal texts of the Byzantine period contain elements that clearly portray the role and duties of the emperor as ruler of the State. Leo VI the Wise (886–912 AD), famous for his abundant legislative and general legal work, promulgated numerous general laws (novels). His novels promote certain “ideals”, especially equality, justice, charity and clemency, along with other principles of Christian ethics. The emperor is illustrated as a ruler who has a close relationship with God, theologizes, and philosophizes at the same time. In parallel, the emperor infiltrates the mentality of his subjects as the one responsible for the people on earth, their tireless defender, and lawmaker. Furthermore, Leo appears to consistently try to accurately determine the most appropriate, prudent, and fair solution to each problem after meticulous study. He is a philanthropist, a lenient ruler and a supporter of equality and moderation. He acts as a protector of social institutions and regulates his subjects’ lives so that they can become more well-behaved and prefer only the useful things in life. Finally, in Leo’s novels the emperor is depicted not only as the person chosen by God to rule the Empire, but also as the true embodiment of justice, dignity and divine piety.
The Naming of Food and Drink in the Ladder of John Climacus
Authors: Popova Tatiana G.
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of the names of food and drink in the Ladder of John Climacus. The material for analysis is the published text of the work (Patrologia Graeca, vol. LXXXVIII) and three unpublished ancient Greek manuscripts of the Ladder. In total, 21 words were found in the work, included in the lexical-semantic group “Food”, and 6 words included in the lexical-semantic group “Drink”. In many cases, lexemes are used in pairs (salt and oil, milk and honey, bread and water, bread and mustard). This use is obviously due to the biblical tradition, on the basis of which the author of the Ladder built his book. For the general designation of food, nouns such as βρῶμα, τροφή, τρυφή, βρῶσις, ἔδεσμα, ἑστίασις, ὄψον, τράπεζα, ἐδώδιμον are used. In a collective sense, the lexemes καρπός and ὀπώρα are used to designate fruits. For the names of vegetables (herbs) in the Ladder, lexemes such as πικρίς and λάχανον are used. Of the specific types of food in the Ladder, there are names of baked goods (ἄρτος ‘bread’ and ἄζυμον ‘unleavened bread’), grapes (βότρυς and ῥάγας), spices (ἔλαιον ‘olive oil’ and ἅλας ‘salt’), honey (μέλι) and cheese (τυρός). To designate drink, in general, in the Ladder there are the lexemes πόμα, νάμα and ποτόν. Specific drinks are called ὕδωρ ‘water’, οἶνος ‘wine’ and γάλα ‘milk’. In the lexical-semantic groups “Food” and “Drink” hyperonyms clearly prevail over hyponyms. The small amount of specific vocabulary is explained by the fact that for a monk, as he moves up the ladder of virtues, it is less and less important what food he consumes. Monks who have reached the highest degrees of spiritual life (ἰσάγγελοι, equal to the angels) no longer feel the taste of food and forget to take it; for them the most important thing is spiritual food. In the lexico-semantic groups “Food” and “Drink” in the Ladder, as in the texts of the Holy Scriptures, direct (physical) and figurative (spiritual) meanings are masterfully connected. Almost all examples of the use of these words can be viewed both in the direct and in the symbolic sense. In the highest metaphorical meaning, all lexemes included in the thematic field “Nutrition” represent a symbol of participation in God’s salvation in Christ.
Spreading the Word: Oral Transmission of the Bogomil Teachings, its Symbolism, and Biblical Exegesis
Authors: Radovanović Bojana
Published: April 2022

The oral biblical exegesis and oral transmission, or the unwritten tradition, represent pillars in the circulation of texts and ideas since the very dawn of Christianity, both in orthodox and heterodox circles. Namely, this vast topic encompasses the concepts related to the concepts of the written sources and the spoken word, and their interrelation, and, furthermore, to the symbolism of the ear, Logos, and secret teachings (arcana). The role and impact of the oral transmission will be examined on the example of the Bogomils, and this paper will re-assess the importance and function of the oral transmission of the Bogomil doctrine. Therefore, the Biblical exegesis will also be analyzed in that key, and the question of the Bogomil preachers will be addressed. More broadly, the oral transmission of the Bogomil teachings can be observed as one of the modi operandi that the Bogomils resorted to in the aim of propagating their ideas, as well as possibly their interpretative manner to approach the Scriptural material and parables.
A "Commonwealth of Interest" in the Rus’ian-Byzantine Treaty (ca. 944)
Authors: Siwko Arkadiusz
Published: April 2022

The preamble to the Rus’ian-Byzantine treaty, which was concluded around 944, contains dozens of anthroponyms – the names of members of the Kyivian elite, their envoys as well as merchants. Several of them can be identified as Slavonic. The author attempted to answer the question about the identity of these Slavs and their status within the “decision-making collective” of the early Rus’ian state. He has compared the information contained in the treaty with material consisting of other Rus’ian and Byzantine sources. Additionally the author compared the system of governance in the state of the first Rurikids with the model present among the Yotvingians and other medieval Baltic societies, which have also came under the influence of the Scandinavians.
Theoria and Optasia in the Old Church Slavonic Translations of the “Life of St Anthony the Great”
Authors: Petrov Ivan P.
Published: April 2022

The focus of the present paper is the terms θεωρία and ὀπτασία presented in the Greek text of Life of St Anthony the Great by St Athanasius of Alexandria and their translation representation in the Old Church Slavonic versions of the text. The terms are approached diachronically, i.e. in through history of Classical and post-classical Greek literature, thus providing the necessary cultural background for their usage and context. Each term, then, is commented in its exact attestation in the Life, providing also the corresponding translations and their wider context. The translation renderings are further analyzed in perspective of the lexical material in the classical Old Church Slavonic corpus as well as with material from texts and sources, thus aiming at contextualizing them in wider lexicological perspective.
From Enemies to Allies: the Mystery of Prince Oleg’s Campaign against Constantinople
Authors: Romensky Aleksandr A.
Published: April 2022

This article proposes a rethinking of the main patterns of Rus-Byzantine relations at the turn of the 9th–10th centuries. The Christianization of some groups of Rus’ elite after 860 seems to be plausible, but short-lived. The crisis in relations with Khazaria prompted a search for new trade privileges in Byzantium. The so-called Oleg’s campaign on Constantinople was nothing other than his joining the military service. During the constant struggle with Arabs, the Empire needed to receive new military forces from Rus’. Possibly the recruitments were accompanied by a provocative demonstration of strength. This action was rethought in Rus’ian chronicle writing as the great victory of “Oleg the Prophet”. The joining of Rus’ troops to the Byzantine navy occurred no later than 906, when logothetes Himerios was able to defeat the Muslims. The Rus-Byzantine treaty of 911 strengthened the partnership and fostered the baptism of some Rus mercenaries.
On the Prehistory of Bogomilism – the Historical and Religious Continuum of the Dualistic Groups in Early Medieval Bulgaria (8th–10th Century)
Authors: Saldzhiev Hristo
Published: April 2022

The aim of the present article is to shed light on the prehistory of Bogomilism, in particular on the existence of an initial Proto-Bogomilian group from the second half of the 8th century to the first decades of the 10th century, which subsequently gave rise to Bogomilism. For this purpose I will try to regard problems referring to the time and exact place of its emergence, the cultural and ethnical affiliation of its first adherents, its connection with previous dualistic teachings from the Near East and Anatolia. The final conclusions are:

• The roots of Bogomilism must be sought among the Syriac migrants who settled in Thrace in the second half of the 8th century.

• Groups which shared a different kind of dualistic ideas and notions existed among them. The group that can be identified as “Proto-Bogomilian” most likely inhabited the region of Philippopolis/ Plovdiv and followed some branch of Paulicianism different from this of Paulicians who in the mid-9th century built the “Paulician state” in Tephrice.

• The dualism of the Proto-Bogomilian group stemmed from Marcion’s doctrine with some Manichean admixtures. It had experienced the influence of Masallianism long before the migration of this group towards the Balkans. This can explain the differences with Marcionists and Paulicians. The radical asceticism of the later Bogomils most probably must be attributed to the influence of Masallianism on the initial Proto-Bogomilian group too.
The Non-Orthodox in The Martyrdom of John the New by Gregory Camblak Patterns of Dehumanization
Authors: Wolski Jan Mikołaj
Published: April 2022

The image of the non-Orthodox in Camblak’s work is unequivocally negative. Behind the abusive rhetoric lie patterns well known to social psychology. One can easily recognize the author’s dehumanizing attitude, which reveals the meaning of many elements of Camblak’s narrative in The Martyrdom of John the New. The concept of dehumanization is useful for the study of the attitude of medieval literate elites towards minorities. Although at its core it concerns cognitive phenomena it immediately makes us think about their behavioral implications.
Extreme Value Modelling of the Monthly South African Industrial Index (J520) Returns
Authors: Jakata Owen , Chikobvu Delson
Published: April 2022

This study uses Extreme Value Theory (EVT), Value-at-Risk (VaR) and Expected Shortfall (ES) analysis as a unified tool for managing extreme financial risk. The study extends the application of the generalised Pareto distribution (GPD) by modelling monthly South African Industrial Index (J520) returns (years: 1995C2018) to quantify the tail-related risk measures. The GPD is used to estimate the tail-related risk measures using the Peak over Threshold (PoT) method. Maximum Likelihood Estimates (MLE) of model parameters were obtained and the models goodness of fit was assessed graphically using Quantile-Quantile (QCQ) plots, Probability (PCP) plots, scatter plots, residuals, return levels and density plots. The findings are that the GPD provides an adequate fit to the data of excesses (extreme losses or gains). Low frequency but very high or very low returns impact on investment decisions. Calculations of the VaR and ES tail-related risk measures based on the fitted GPD model are given. The results reveal that for an investment in the South African Industrial Index (J520), the prospect of potential extreme losses is less than the prospect of potential extreme gains. There seems to be an upper bound where losses do not seem to exceed easily. The study concluded that EVT, together with VaR and ES analysis are useful tools that can be applied in practice to manage index/stock price risk and help investors improve their investment decisions and trading strategies through better quality information derived from the tools. This study contributes to empirical evidence on EVT methods that help to protect financial systems against unpredictable fluctuations and losses of extreme nature.
Characteristics of Atopic Dermatitis Patients who Underwent Skin Prick Test
Authors: Nugroho Wisnu Triadi , Ervianti Evy , Zulkarnain Iskandar , Hidayati Afif Nurul , Damayanti Damayanti , Utomo Budi , Prakoeswa Cita Rosita Sigit
Published: April 2022

Background: Skin prick test (SPT) is indicated in type I hypersensitivity reactions (rapid type), among which is Atopic Dermatitis (AD). However, the results of SPT for the tested allergens are not always accompanied by history of known allergens in AD patients. Purpose: To identify the characteristics of AD patients who underwent SPT. Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study to determine the demographics, allergy history, SPT results, and positive and negative clinical relevance in AD patients treated at Allergy Immunology Division of Dermatology and Venerology Outpatient Clinic Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya-Indonesia from January 2017 to December 2019. Results: A total of 284 AD patients were included. The adult age group (20-59 years) predominated the AD patient’s visit every year with 58 patients (60.42%), 47 patients (46.08%), and 65 patients (75.58%) in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. Only 60 AD patients underwent SPT, where most patients were allergic to dust with 30 patients (50.0%). House dust mite (HDM) allergen had the highest percentage of positive SPT result with 41 patients (63.3%). The greatest clinical relevance was found in cat fur allergen, where all patients (100.0%) had clinical relevance to their SPT result. Conclusion: This study shows that most AD patients were in adult age group and had a history of dust allergy. The highest percentage of positive SPT result was found in HDM allergen and the greatest clinical relevance was found in cat fur allergen.