bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING, CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MECHANISM, AND INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL ON FIRM VALUE MODERATING BY PROFITABILITY
Authors: Novisandy Pricilia Betshy ,   Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya, Sofian Sofian ,   Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya
Published: July 2024

Investor memandang nilai perusahan berdasarkan kinerja perusahaan tersebut. Investor tertarik dalam menanamkan modal atas pertimbangan nilai perusahaan yang tinggi karena perusahaan dianggap mempunyai prospek yang baik kedepannya serta mampu mensejahterakan para pemegang sahamnya. Kondisi pandemi COVID-19 menuntut Perusahaan melakukan berbagai penyesuaian agar dapat mempertahankan nilai perusahaannya. Tujuan penelitian ini menguji pengaruh dari Sustainability Reporting, Mekanisme Corporate Governance yang digunakan adalah Komisaris Independen, Dewan Direksi, Komite Audit, dan Kepemilikan Manajerial, serta Modal Intelektual dengan Profitabilitas sebagai moderasi atas Nilai Perusahaan. Objek penelitian adalah perusahaan manufaktur periode 2019-2021 yang terdaftar di BEI. Jumlah sampel yang dipakai dalam penelitian adalah 31 perusahaan manufaktur. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, dengan metode analisis regresi linier berganda menggunakan aplikasi SPSS. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian dengan Uji Kelayakan Model (Uji F), diperoleh Modal Intelektual, Mekanisme Corporate Governance, serta Sustainability Reporting dengan Profitabilitas sebagai moderasi layak digunakan dalam penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil Uji Hipotesis (Uji t) diketahui bahwa Modal Inteletual tidak berpengaruh terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. Komisaris Independen tidak berpengaruh terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. Dewan Direksi tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan. Komite Audit berpengaruh negatif terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. Kepemilikan Manajerial tidak berpengaruh terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. Sustainability Reporting berpengaruh positif terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. Profitabilitas tidak memoderasi hubungan Modal Intelektual. Profitabilitas tidak memoderasi hubungan Komisaris Independen. Profitabilitas memoderasi hubungan Dewan Direksi. Profitabilitas tidak memoderasi hubungan Komite Audit. Profitabilitas tidak memoderasi hubungan Kepemilikan Manajerial. Profitabilitas tidak memoderasi hubungan Sustainability Reporting. Kontribusi penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi pengembangan untuk ilmu peran pengaruh modal intelektual, mekanisme corporate governance, dan sustainability reporting terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan profitabilitas sebagai pemoderasi. Perusahaan dapat melihat hasil penelitian sebagai masukan dan evaluasi dalam hal menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi nilai perusahaan, khususnya dalam situasi pandemic COVID-19.
PENGARUH PENGUNGKAPAN EMISI KARBON, ECO- EFFIENCY, DAN GREEN INNOVATION TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Fanda Vincensa ,   Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya, Dwijayanti S, Patricia Febrina ,   Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya
Published: July 2024

The main purpose of a company is to maximize company value and create financial prosperity for company owners and interested parties. Basically, investors use company value as an indicator in assessing company performance. However, the reality is that the rapid development of the industry is also accompanied by increasing environmental problems, but many companies do not consider environmental impacts in their operational activities. In this context, it is important for companies to not only focus on economic aspects, but also consider environmental aspects in order to increase company value. There are several factors that can affect firm value. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of examining the disclosure of carbon emissions, eco-efficiency, and green innovation on firm value. This research is quantitative research using hypothesis testing. The independent variables used in this study are disclosure of carbon emissions, eco-efficiency, and green innovation. The dependent variable is firm value. This study uses control variables of company size and profitability. The object of this research is all manufacturing sector companies listed on the IDX in 2019-2022. The analysis technique used in this research is multiple regression analysis. The results of this study prove that eco-efficiency and green innovation have a positive influence on firm value. This means that the more companies that implement eco-efficiency and green innovation will encourage an increase in firm value. On the other hand, carbon emission disclosure has no influence on firm value. This is because the level of disclosure made by the company is still low so that it has not been able to affect the firm value.
Technological Change: Origins and Impacts in the Labor Market
Authors:   , Lipowski Cäcilia Maria
Published: July 2024

This dissertation examines the interplay between technological progress, skill supply, worker outcomes, equality of opportunity and local aspects, focusing on the German context. It addresses four key areas: the impact of young worker shortages on firm technology adoption, the responsiveness of vocational training to technological changes, the effect of technological progress on labor market fortunes of workers from disadvantaged parental backgrounds, and the role of urban amenities in attracting skilled workers.

Using an education reform in Germany as a natural experiment, Chapter 2 shows that firms facing shortages of young workers reduce their technology investments because young workers have a comparative advantage in learning new skills required for new technologies compared to incumbent workers. Chapter 3 investigates how educational content adapts to technological advancements. It reveals that German vocational training curricula have increasingly incorporated digital and non-routine skills over time, leading to better wage outcomes for workers trained under updated programs. Chapter 4 shows empirically that increased computerization reduces the wage penalty for high-qualified workers with low-educated parents, suggesting that technological progress can enhance labor market opportunities for disadvantaged individuals. Chapter 5 examines the preferences for urban amenities among workers of different skill levels. Through a stated-preference choice experiment, the chapter finds that while all workers value urban amenities, there is no significant difference between the preferences of college graduates and non-graduates.
USE OF COLLABORATIVE METHOD IN TEACHING WRITING USING SHORT STORIES
Authors: Rambe Noviana Ikhsana , Sukendra Irmala , Hamid Syifa Fadhilah
Published: July 2024

Writing is the ability to articulate and express ideas or emotions that arise in the mind in the form of words, phrases, and paragraphs. Throughout the writing process, some students have expressed that learning to write feels tedious and unimportant to them. When teaching writing, there are numerous strategies that must be employed to promote written communication among students. Collaborative writing is a strategy that can be employed in pairs or groups and has been proven to be effective in addressing students' writing challenges. A short story is a type of concise fiction, considering the events portrayed, the content of the story, the number of characters, and the word count used. This research aims to determine the influence of the collaborative method using short stories on the improvement of students' writing skills in one of the the SMK PGRI in Tangerang Kota. The variables in this research are the collaborative short story method and writing skills. This research falls under the Quasi-Experimental category and employs a quantitative approach. In this study data was collected from a sample of 70 students. The research hypothesis was tested using the Wilcoxon test, and the conclusion drawn is that there is a influence of the collaborative short story method on students' writing skills.
Key Words: Collaborative Method, Short Story, Teaching Writing
LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE USE OF YOUTUBE TO MOTIVATE STUDENTS IN LEARNING ENGLISH
Authors: Putri Alyssa Keysha , Nugroho Inayah Putri , Anditirta Aldriani , Nuraini Hery
Published: July 2024

YouTube is an online media platform containing a variety of videos. It is also a place to post, share, and  download  videos.Its  users  range  from  children,  teenagers,  adults  to parents,  and no exception  including students.  This  study  aims  to  investigate  the effect  of  using  YouTube  on  students’  motivation  in  learning English. A qualitative method was used in this study, its study literature review. This research used descriptive research design to process the data and to draw the conclusions. Researcher gathered data from collecting literature to describe the situation related to the use of Youtube to motivate students in learning English. The result of this study was found out the implementation of YouTube videos in learning English was showed a positive impact on students to be more motivated.
Pengaruh disposisi matematis terhadap kemampuan koneksi matematis siswa
Authors: Pebriani Astria , Sumartini Tina Sri , Puspitasari Nitta
Published: July 2024

Penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan metode korelasional ini bermaksud untuk menganalisis sebesar apa pengaruh disposisi matematis terhadap Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis (KKM). Populasinya ialah seluruh siswa XI MIPA SMAN 16 Garut, teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive dengan sampel sebanyak 32 siswa. Data diperoleh dari tes koneksi matematis berupa soal uraian pada materi persamaan lingkaran dengan 7 soal mengukur KKM dan 32 pernyataan pada angket guna menilai disposisi matematis. Data diolah dengan perangkat lunak SPSS versi 26, melalui uji korelasi rank Spearman, lalu hasil penelitian diolah secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rendahnya KKM dipengaruhi oleh disposisi matematis. Namun disposisi matematis bukan satu-satunya faktor yang mempengaruhinya, akibatnya perlu penelitian lanjutan demi memperoleh penyebab lain yang juga mempengaruhi KKM.
Konjektur ilhametika: Sistem akar matematika modern
Authors: Robbani Ilham Ali , Maulana Redi , Nugraha Regar Esa , Sumartini Tina Sri , Puspitasari Nitta , Sundayana Rostina
Published: July 2024

Saat ini matematika merupakan salah satu cabang ilmu pengetahuan yang sangat relevan dengan perkembangan zaman. Hal ini dikarenakan matematika merupakan ilmu yang mendasar dan merupakan cikal bakal perkembangan ilmu-ilmu lainnya khususnya teknologi dan informasi. Namun perkembangan tersebut menjadi dorongan bagi kita untuk terlibat dalam perkembangan matematika saat ini. Apalagi dengan motivasi masyarakat Indonesia juga harus kreatif dan menciptakan inovasi tentang matematika. Maka dengan itu terciptanya konsep Ilhametika. Merupakan konsep yang terdiri dari teknik berhitung, permainan hingga dugaan matematika. Konsep ini diharapkan dapat menjadi penyemangat bagi perkembangan ilmu matematika dan motivasi bagi semua untuk terus berkarya di bidangnya masing-masing. Pada artikel ini akan diperkenalkan suatu konjektur matematika yang bernama sistem akar modern. Sistem akar modern merupakan sistem yang terinspirasi dari akar tumbuhan. Dalam hal ini ada beragam sub pembahasan yang membahas beragam konsep yang terkait dengan konjektur ini.
PANDANGAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP EKSISTENSI KEPERCAYAAN ADAT JAWA DALAM PERNIKAHAN BULAN SURO
Authors: Ayuningtyas Della Ika , Afif Abdullah
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tinjauan hukum Islam dalam kepercayaan adat Jawa terhadap pernikahan Bulan Suro. penulis akan memaparkan bagaimana pandangan masyarakat terhadap keprcayaan pernikahan Bulan Suro, bagaimana pandangan hukum Islam terhadap kepercayaan tersebut, dan bagaimana dampak jika tetap melaksanakannya. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif lapangan dengan pendekatan normatif empiris. Kesimpulan dari penelitian Untuk masyarakat supaya lebih berhati-hati dalam melaksanakan sesuatu atau hal-hal yang menyangkut dengan ibadah, dengan cara meluruskan niat atau mengembalikan semuanya kepada Allah semata. Masyarakat harus sadar bahwa hukum adat adalah produk manusia sedangkan hukum Allah adalah ketentuan yang berasal dari Allah, sehingga hukum adat tidak dapat dijadikan sebagai pedoman dalam setiap penyelesain persoalan. Dalam penerapan hukum Islam, harus mengedepankan kemashlahatan umat, seperti yang tertera dalam teori ‘urf, maka hal ini perlu dikaji lebih dalam lagi sehingga tidak menimbulkan kebingungan antar umat muslim terutama masyarakat muslim Jawa yang akan melaksanakan pernikahan Bulan Suro.
Kata Kunci :Kepercayaan Bulan Suro, Pernikahan Jawa, Hukum Islam
EEKSISTENSI TRADISI MELEPAS AYAM PADA PERKAWINAN ADAT JAWA : PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Nafs Laila Shafa'un , Afif Abdullah
Published: July 2024

Salah satu upacara perkawinan adat jawa yang masih kita lihat di desa Bedahlawak Kecamatan Tembelang Kabupaten Jombang yakni tradisi melepas ayam pada perkawinan jawa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami pelaksanaan tradisi melepas ayam dalam perkawinan adat Jawa di desa Bedahlawak, serta pandangan masyarakat muslim terhadap tradisi tersebut dan kaitannya dengan hukum islam. Melalui penelitian kualitatif lapangan yang bersifat empiris dengan pendekatan sosiologi hukum, dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data primer dari lapangan berupa observasi, wawancara dan dakumentasi serta data sekunder.Proses pelaksanaan tradisi ini dilakukan pada saat iring iring pengantin yang mana rumah mempelai pengantin dipisahkan dengan sungai besar. pelaksanaan tradisi ini cukup singkat dimulai dari  pembacaan doa dan sebelum menyeberangi jembatan sungai besar ayam akan dilepaskan di tepi jembatan. Terdapat masyarakat yang melakukan dan meninggalkan tradisi ini. Kemudian ditemukan variasi. Jika tradisi dilakukan dengan niat meminta pertolongan kepada selain Allah SWT, dapat dianggap sebagai praktik yang haram dilakukan dan termasuk urf’ fasid, namun jika tujuannya baik dan hanya memohon keselamatan kepada Allah SWT tanpa tujuan yang menimpang, mak termasuk dalam praktik yang sesuai dengan hukum islam dan termasuk urf’ shahih.
From “At Risk” to “Dangerous” People. The Roma Between Development Policies and Practices of Expulsion
Authors: Anghel Ionut Marian
Published: July 2024

Over more than three decades since the fall of state socialism in Central and Eastern Europe, the position of the Roma in the region is rather ambivalent. Numerous European institutions, inter-governmental development agencies, national governments and European and national/local non-governmental organizations are involved in a pan-European effort to turn the tide for the Roma. The paper argues that although there are numerous efforts to implement development policies and programs to bridge the gap between Roma and non-Roma, there is still a gap between the discourses and inclusion policies developed at the European and national level and those at the sub-national level. There is a tendency to move away from the framing of Roma as an “at risk” group to seeing them as “dangerous people”, who pose threats to the security of others. The paper uses two sets of data sources. First, it employs a secondary analysis of three recent databases: – SocioRoMap – Sociographic mapping of Roma communities in Romania for community-level monitoring of changes regarding Roma integration (2017) and two surveys conducted by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (2011 and 2016). The second data source is based on semi-structured interviews carried out in several research projects that the author has participated in over the last few years. In conclusion, I argue that the two political projects of institutional developmentalism and securitization of the lifestyle of the poorest Roma can coexist, but the abandonment of the former can lead to complex social problems in the future.
Perspectives on religious denominations and social crises in Romania
Authors: Tănase Laurențiu D. , Dascălu Cezar
Published: July 2024

The relationship between social crises and religious cults in Romania is a topic neglected by the specialized literature. In this paper, we propose a series of analyses regarding how social crises have influenced religious life in Romania and the mechanisms by which religious cults have played a role in solving or amplifying them. We will refer to the Romanian Orthodox Church, the majority religious denomination, and some of its positions on events/stages of these social phenomena between 1990 and 2023. This text does not propose a thorough examination of these relationships but attempts to sketch perspectives of analysis in response to the following research questions: What do Romanians think about the Church's involvement in the life of society and implicitly in social crises? Why is it important to understand the position of religious actors on the evolution of social crises? How have religious denominations influenced the improvement/aggravation of some dimensions of social crises? Official stances of Religious Cults during different social crises were examined, alongside instances of informal religious practices aimed at enhancing societal conditions. In Romania, religious cults have been essential partners of the State in reducing social crises, providing support through their rich infrastructure and human resources or their symbolic position in society. However, there have also been cases in which religious cults have generated conflictual social states and tension, producing or aggravating social crises.
Analisis Faktor Perilaku Pacaran Pada Remaja
Authors: Jayanti Tri Nur , Rustikayanti R Nety , Sarinengsih Yuyun , Dirgahayu Inggrid
Published: July 2024

Masa remaja adalah masa peralihan dari masa anak ke dewasa ditandai dengan adanyaperubahan fisik, emosi, dan psikis. Salah satu ciri dalam kehidupan remaja adalah adanyaperasaan mencintai dan dicintai oleh orang lain serta munculnya ketertarikan antar lawanjenis yang kemudian diekspresikan dengan menjalin hubungan pacaran. Perilaku pacaranyang dilakukan remaja berisiko menimbulkan berbagai dampak negatif seperti kehamilantidak diinginkan, PMS, dan HIV/AIDS. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perilakupacaran pada remaja beserta faktor-faktornya. Penelitian dilakukan secara kuantitatifdengan desain cross-sectional. Populasinya adalah semua remaja (10-19 tahun) di MTs Xdan MA X wilayah kerja Puskesmas Ibrahim Adjie. Pengambilan sampel silakukan secaratotal sampling sebanyak 81. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner. Datayang terkumpul dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji ContingencyCoefficient. Hasil penelitian didapatkan, lebih dari setengah responden memiliki perilakupacaran risiko tinggi, pengetahuan tentang kesehatan reproduksi dengan kategori baik,pengaruh media sosial dengan kategori terpapar, lingkungan keluarga dengan kategorimendukung, lingkungan sosial dengan kategori mendukung, dan kunjungan ke Posyandudengan kategori mendukung serta tidak ada hubungan antara faktor pengetahuan tentangkesehatan reproduksi, pengaruh media sosial, lingkungan keluarga, dan kunjungan kePosyandu remaja dengan perilaku seksual. Penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai datadasar bagi peneliti selanjutnya untuk menggali lebih dalam faktor risiko perilaku pacarandengan pendekatan secara kualitatif
Vulnerability, Resilience and Adaptation of Lagos Coastal Communities to Flooding
Authors: Ndimele Prince Emeka , Ojewole Akinloye Emmanuel , Mekuleyi Gabriel Olarinde , Badmos Lateef Akorede , Agosu Christopher Monday , Olatunbosun Emmanuel Sunday , Lawal Oluseyi Olaide , Shittu Jamiu Adebayo , Joseph Olufemi Olabode , Ositimehin Kehinde Moyosola , Ndimele Felix Chinsom , Ojewole Catherine Oluwalopeye , Abdulganiy Iman Olawunmi , Ayodele Odunayo Temitope
Published: July 2024

Lagos has been identified as one of the 50 cities most vulnerable to extreme sea levels. The state also ranked 30th among 136 port cities in terms of population exposure to flooding under a past climate scenario (2005) and 15th under a future climate scenario (2070s). The state faces significant environmental strains as a result of its geo-economic status. Some of the problems are wetland loss, pollution, population pressure, restricted access to drinkable water, and flooding. All these factors have contributed to the instability of Lagos ecosystems, but the impact of flooding is particularly significant because Lagos is surrounded by aquatic ecosystems and its low elevation and topography increase its susceptibility to flooding. The method adopted in this review involved the use of PICO (Population, Intervention, Control, and Outcomes) criteria to synthesize the research questions and objectives. Thereafter, PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines was employed for the study selection criteria, search strategies and data extraction methods. A broad search strategy involving databases (Google scholar, Science Direct), pertinent keywords and search filters was used to identify relevant articles and minimize selection bias. After the search, PICO criteria was again used to select the studies to be considered in the review. The selected text were downloaded and the essential scientific information were extracted and analyzed in the study. The impacts of flooding are numerous. Flooding is a key factors that has prevented Africa’s growing urban population from escaping poverty, and it also impedes the achievement of some SDGs. This is because many African cities lack the resources and infrastructures needed to withstand extreme weather conditions. Surviving in flood-prone cities like Lagos is a daunting task because flood affects livelihood, human health, and can even cause death. Specifically, the 2020 flood incidence in Nigeria affected about 40% of the local government areas, and 97% of the states, displacing over 120,000 persons and killing 68 persons aside from properties and farmlands destroyed. Women and children are the most vulnerable. The adoption of advanced flood risk management strategies could help in flood containment and management in the state.
In vitro biocompatibility analysis of protein-resistant amphiphilic polysulfobetaines as coatings for surgical implants in contact with complex body fluids
Authors: Karthäuser Jana F. , Gruhn Dierk , Martínez Guajardo Alejandro , Kopecz Regina , Babel Nina , Stervbo Ulrik , Laschewsky André , Viebahn Richard , Salber Jochen , Rosenhahn Axel
Published: July 2024

The fouling resistance of zwitterionic coatings is conventionally explained by the strong hydrophilicity of such polymers. Here, the in vitro biocompatibility of a set of systematically varied amphiphilic, zwitterionic copolymers is investigated. Photocrosslinkable, amphiphilic copolymers containing hydrophilic sulfobetaine methacrylate (SPe) and butyl methacrylate (BMA) were systematically synthesized in different ratios (50:50, 70:30, and 90:10) with a fixed content of photo-crosslinker by free radical copolymerization. The copolymers were spin-coated onto substrates and subsequently photocured by UV irradiation. Pure pBMA and pSPe as well as the prepared amphiphilic copolymers showed BMA content-dependent wettability in the dry state, but overall hydrophilic properties a fortiori in aqueous conditions. All polysulfobetaine-containing copolymers showed high resistance against non-specific adsorption (NSA) of proteins, platelet adhesion, thrombocyte activation, and bacterial accumulation. In some cases, the amphiphilic coatings even outperformed the purely hydrophilic pSPe coatings.
Extracellular vesicles enhance the in vivo antitumor effects of millettia species-derived compounds in chronic myelogenous leukemia therapy
Authors: Xie Zongzhou , Cheng Xiaozhen , Mao JianCang , Zhu Yingqi , Li Le , Mei Zhenxin
Published: July 2024

Several Millettia species are being investigated as medicinal ingredients due to their promising anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the application of Millettia species-derived compounds has been severely hindered by their poor aqueous solubility, rapid metabolism, and low bioavailability. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which as membrane-bound phospholipid vesicle initiatively secreted through a variety of mammalian cells, are increasingly recognized as promising drug delivery vehicles. Therefore, EVs are with great potential to enhance both the stability and efficacy of the Millettia species-derived compounds in treatment. In this study, extracellular vesicles derived from chronic myelogenous leukemia cells are developed for delivering the extracts of Millettia speciosa Champ and Millettia pachyloba Drake-derived Homobutein. Notably, Homobutein-loaded EV (hEV) formed a stable and homogenous nanosized particle with high entrapment efficiency up to 55.7%. Moreover, EVs loaded with Homobutein were significantly more potent than free drugs in inhibiting K562 cell proliferation. The results demonstrated that intravenous injection of EV loaded with Homobutein effectively inhibits tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice compared to free Homobutein. Hence, this strategy can effectively enhance the efficacy of Millettia species-derived drugs in chronic myelogenous leukemia therapy.
Endophthalmitis: a bibliometric study and visualization analysis from 1993 to 2023
Authors: Fu Xiangyu , Du Wenyu , Huang Ling , Ren Xiang , Chen Danian
Published: July 2024

Aims

This study is designed to generalize and depict the research hotspots of endophthalmitis through bibliometric methods and software and analyze the evolutive tendency of the work on this severe disease over the past 30 years.

Methods

This study employed a rigorous bibliometric approach. We identified all endophthalmitis-related literature by conducting a comprehensive search of the Science Citation Index Expanded database under the Web of Science Core Collection. The data was then analyzed and visualized using CiteSpace and VOSviewer, two widely recognized software tools in the field of bibliometrics. CiteSpace was used to analyze the country distributions, dual map overlay of journals, keyword bursts, and co-cited references. VOSviewer was employed to describe the authors and co-cited authors, the journals, the co-cited journals, and the keywords co-occurrence network. This robust methodology ensures the reliability and validity of the study’s findings.

Results

A total of 2960 publications, including 2695 articles and 265 reviews, were included in this bibliometric study. There has been no shortage of endophthalmitis-related publications since 1993, with an apparent upward trend during recent years. Possible correlations with the COVID-19 pandemic are also analyzed. These studies were finished by 11,048 authors from 75 countries worldwide, with the United States in the lead. In the keyword co-occurrence network, except for the endophthalmitis term, cataract surgery becomes the keyword with the highest frequency. Different categories of endophthalmitis, including postoperative, post-injection, post-traumatic, and endogenous endophthalmitis, and antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapies of infectious endophthalmitis, are discussed by categories. From the perspective of the timeline, postoperative and post-injection endophthalmitis were the dominant forms before and after the year 2000, respectively. Co-citation analyses reveal that the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study (EVS) conducted in 1995 provides pivotal guidance for later research. Diverse pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Coagulase-negative Staphylococci, Propionibacterium acnes, Viridians Streptococci, and Bacillus cereus) or fungi (e.g., Candida, Aspergillus, and Fusarium) contribute to varying treatment principles and clinical prognosis, which should be taken seriously. In addition, intravitreal and intracameral antibiotics are the mainstay for treating and preventing infectious endophthalmitis, respectively.

Conclusion

Our bibliometric analysis provides an overview of dynamic evolution and structural relationships in the research field of endophthalmitis. The displayed hotspots and developmental directions have reference values for future investigation.
Analysis of Amblyomma americanum microRNAs in response to Ehrlichia chaffeensis infection and their potential role in vectorial capacity
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Budachetri Khemraj , Rikihisa Yasuko , Karim Shahid
Published: July 2024

Background

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a subset of small noncoding RNAs and carry tremendous potential for regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. They play pivotal roles in distinct cellular mechanisms including inhibition of bacterial, parasitic, and viral infections via immune response pathways. Intriguingly, pathogens have developed strategies to manipulate the host’s miRNA profile, fostering environments conducive to successful infection. Therefore, changes in an arthropod host’s miRNA profile in response to pathogen invasion could be critical in understanding host-pathogen dynamics. Additionally, this area of study could provide insights into discovering new targets for disease control and prevention. The main objective of the present study is to investigate the functional role of differentially expressed miRNAs upon Ehrlichia chaffeensis, a tick-borne pathogen, infection in tick vector, Amblyomma americanum.

Methods

Small RNA libraries from uninfected and E. chaffeensis-infected Am. americanum midgut and salivary gland tissues were prepared using the Illumina Truseq kit. Small RNA sequencing data was analyzed using miRDeep2 and sRNAtoolbox to identify novel and known miRNAs. The differentially expressed miRNAs were validated using a quantitative PCR assay. Furthermore, a miRNA inhibitor approach was used to determine the functional role of selected miRNA candidates.

Results

The sequencing of small RNA libraries generated >147 million raw reads in all four libraries and identified a total of >250 miRNAs across the four libraries. We identified 23 and 14 differentially expressed miRNAs in salivary glands, and midgut tissues infected with E. chaffeensis, respectively. Three differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-87, miR-750, and miR-275) were further characterized to determine their roles in pathogen infection. Inhibition of target miRNAs significantly decreased the E. chaffeensis load in tick tissues, which warrants more in-depth mechanistic studies.

Conclusions

The current study identified known and novel miRNAs and suggests that interfering with these miRNAs may impact the vectorial capacity of ticks to harbor Ehrlichia. This study identified several new miRNAs for future analysis of their functions in tick biology and tick-pathogen interaction studies.
Geographical factor dominates spatial patterns of potential nitrate reduction rates in coastal wetland sediments in Fujian Province, China
Authors: Zhang Ning , Dai Zetao , Wang Feifei , Yang Shengchang , Cao Wenzhi
Published: July 2024

Nitrate (NO3−) reduction is a key process governing the nitrogen (N) dynamics of coastal wetland sediments. Although the effects of environmental factors on the NO3− reduction mechanism in coastal wetland sediments have been examined in various studies, the effects of spatial variation in potential NO3− reduction processes in coastal wetland sediments and the factors driving geographical variation in these processes have not been widely examined. Here, we conducted research on surface sediment samples from four different vegetation types at six coastal wetland sites across two regions. We characterized potential rates of NO3− reduction processes (including denitrification (DF), anammox (ANA), and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA)) using a15N tracer method. Additionally, we assessed the abundances of functional genes, and microbial community structure using high-throughput sequencing, and metagenomic sequencing. In six wetland sites, the contribution ranges of DF, ANA, and DNRA to NO3− reduction were 38.43%–55.69%, 31.33%–45.65%, and 5.26%–17.11%, respectively, and potential NO3− reduction was mainly driven by N removal via gaseous N (DF+ANA). Significant spatial differences were observed in the structure of bacterial and fungal microbial communities, suggesting that geographical distance has a major effect on microbial community structure. Environmental factors and Functional gene abundances were significantly related to potential NO3− reduction processes, and physicochemical properties had a stronger effect on potential NO3− reduction processes than gene abundances. Factors showing significant differences across regions were the main drivers of variation in potential NO3− reduction processes. Overall, our study showed that sediment substrates and geographical environmental factors rather than the abundance of functional genes and vegetation types were the main indicators of potential NO3− reduction activities in coastal wetlands.
Relative stability evaluation of HVDC-connected wind farms
Authors: Jiang Kezheng , Ye Chang , Zheng Wanning , Chen Yang , Xiong Ping , Li Lie , Hu Pan
Published: July 2024

The small-signal stability of high voltage direct current (HVDC)-connected wind farms (WFs) is a challenging issue in modern power systems. The relative stability, i.e., the stability margin, of such a typical multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system is quite difficult to be quantified. This paper evaluates the relative stability of HVDC-connected WFs using a new stability index based on the ν-gap metric. We first develop a MIMO model represented by a transfer function matrix of the HVDC-connected WFs. Then, a new stability index, i.e., the robust stability margin, based on the ν-gap metric is proposed to quantify the relative stability of such a MIMO system. Finally, we propose a method to compute the stable region of control parameters based on the corresponding stability criterion of ν-gap metric. Case studies are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Persistence, changes and robustness of nest webs along a latitudinal gradient in the Canadian boreal forest
Authors: Cadieux Philippe , Drapeau Pierre , Fouillet Alexandre , Deschênes Réjean
Published: July 2024

Introduction

In eastern Canada, the boreal forest is associated with an important latitudinal shift in forest composition and structure, which occurs in the transition between the mixed southern boreal forest and the coniferous northern boreal forest. Along this transition, upland mixedwood stands with large deciduous trees (important for cavity-dependent vertebrate species) are gradually replaced by forests with smaller conifer trees, primarily black spruce (Picea mariana). Concomitantly, the availability of lowland forests flooded by the American beaver (Castor canadensis), which can provide adequate conditions for tree-cavity users, is also decreasing.

Methods

We hypothesized that this latitudinal gradient would bring important changes in the functional diversity and network structure of vertebrate cavity-using communities. Along this latitudinal gradient we used a nest web approach to analyze the structure and robustness of networks of cavity users in upland forests and in lowland forests flooded by beavers.

Results

Despite their low availability in the northern forest region, we found that mixedwood stands persisted throughout the boreal forest in being the main drivers of nest webs network structure of upland forests whereas old black spruce stands contribution was low. In lowland forests, beaver ponds harbored nest webs with a rich and complex structure in both forest regions. Species removal simulations revealed that across our latitudinal gradient upland and lowland forest nest webs responded differently. In upland forests, the removal of trembling aspen and the Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) caused the highest proportions of secondary extinctions, showing low robustness of nest webs given that these two species were highly connected to the other species. Contrastingly, nest webs in beaver ponds were more robust mainly because excavator species used a higher diversity of tree species despite the removal of the Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus) which induced numerous secondary extinctions. The Pileated Woodpecker remained the pivotal species across the two forest regions in upland forests whereas the Northern Flicker became the main large cavity provider in beaver ponds across the latitudinal gradient.

Discussion

We discuss how mixedwood forests and beaver ponds, which are key habitat types for the cavity-using vertebrate community across our latitudinal gradient, should be maintained and protected in landscapes under industrial timber harvesting.
Characterization of latently infected EBV+ antibody-secreting B cells isolated from ovarian tumors and malignant ascites
Authors: Zhang Lixin , Strange Mary , Elishaev Esther , Zaidi Syed , Modugno Francesmary , Radolec Mackenzy , Edwards Robert P. , Finn Olivera J. , Vlad Anda M.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Intra-tumoral B cells mediate a plethora of immune effector mechanisms with key roles in anti-tumor immunity and serve as positive prognostic indicators in a variety of solid tumor types, including epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Several aspects of intra-tumoral B cells remain unclear, such as their state of activation, antigenic repertoires, and capacity to mature into plasma cells.

Methods

B lymphocytes were isolated from primary EOC tissue and malignant ascites and were maintained in cell culture medium. The stably maintained cell lines were profiled with flow cytometry and B cell receptor sequencing. Secreted antibodies were tested with a human proteome array comprising more than 21,000 proteins, followed by ELISA for validation. Originating tumor samples were used for spatial profiling with chip cytometry.

Results

Antibody-secreting B lymphocytes were isolated from the ovarian tumor microenvironment (TME) of four different EOC patients. The highly clonal cell populations underwent spontaneous immortalization in vitro, were stably maintained in an antibody-secreting state, and showed presence of Epstein-Barr viral (EBV) proteins. All originating tumors had high frequency of tumor-infiltrating B cells, present as lymphoid aggregates, or tertiary lymphoid structures. The antigens recognized by three of the four cell lines are coil-coil domain containing protein 155 (CCDC155), growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2), and pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase2 (PDP2), respectively. Anti-CCDC155 circulating IgG antibodies were detected in 9 of 20 (45%) of EOC patients’ sera. Tissue analyses with multiparameter chip cytometry shows that the antibodies secreted by these novel human B cell lines engage their cognate antigens on tumor cells.

Discussion

These studies demonstrate that within the tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte population in EOC resides a low frequency population of antibody-secreting B cells that have been naturally exposed to EBV. Once stably maintained, these novel cell lines offer unique opportunities for future studies on intratumor B cell biology and new target antigen recognition, and for studies on EBV latency and/or viral reactivation in the TME of non-EBV related solid tumors such as the EOC.
Circulating immune cells and risk of osteosarcoma: a Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Li Lan , Sun Yeqi , Luo Jia , Liu Mengjiao
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the primary bone tumor originating from transformed mesenchymal cells. It is unclear whether associations between specific circulating immune cells and OS are causal or due to bias. To clarify whether predicted genetically altered circulating immune cells are associated with OS development, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods

The genetic variants strongly associated with immune cell traits as instrumental variables (IVs) were used to perform MR analyses. The effect of specific immune cells on OS risk was measured using the summary statistics from the genome-wide association studies (GWAS).

Results

Our findings indicate that CD80 on CD62L+ myeloid dendritic cell and CD28−CD4−CD8− T-cell absolute count are positively associated with OS (CD80 on CD62L+ myeloid dendritic cell, OR: 3.41 [95% CI: 1.40 to 8.31], p = 0.007; CD28−CD4−CD8− T-cell absolute count, OR: 4.49 [95% CI: 1.29 to 15.62], p = 0.018). It is also found that CD20 has a negative effect on CD24+CD27+ B cell on OS (OR: 0.32 [95% CI: 0.14 to 0.72], p = 0.006) and a similar impact on IgD+ CD38− B cell on OS (OR: 0.19 [95% CI: 0.05 to 0.68], p = 0.011).

Conclusions

These findings illustrate that the genetic predisposition to specific immune cells can exert a causal effect on OS risk, which confirms the crucial role played by immunity in OS development. Particularly, the causal association between immune cells and OS underscores the evidence for exploring the new treatment strategy for OS in the future.
Protective role of the CD73-A2AR axis in cirrhotic cardiomyopathy through negative feedback regulation of the NF-κB pathway
Authors: Zhao Ning , Shao Zhenhao , Xia Guoqing , Liu Huanhuan , Zhang Lei , Zhao Xiaoxi , Dang Shipeng , Qian Lingling , Xu Wentao , Yu Zhiming , Wang Ruxing
Published: July 2024

Background

Myocardial inflammation and apoptosis induced by cirrhosis are among the primary mechanisms of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. CD73, a common extracellular nucleotidase also known as 5’-nucleotidase, is associated with the progression of inflammation and immunity in multiple organs. However, the mechanism by which CD73 contributes to myocardial inflammation and apoptosis in cirrhosis remains unclear.

Methods

In this study, a cirrhotic cardiomyopathy model in mice was established by bile duct ligation. Myocardial-specific overexpression of CD73 was achieved by tail vein injection of AAV9 (adeno-associated virus)-cTNT-NT5E-mCherry, and cardiac function in mice was assessed using echocardiography. Myocardial inflammation infiltration and apoptosis were evaluated through pathological observation and ELISA assays. The expression of CD73, A2AR, apoptotic markers, and proteins related to the NF-κB pathway in myocardial tissue were measured.

Results

In the myocardial tissue of the cirrhotic cardiomyopathy mouse model, the expression of CD73 and A2AR increased. Overexpression of CD73 in the myocardium via AAV9 injection and stimulation of A2AR with CGS 21680 inhibited myocardial inflammation and cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by cirrhosis. Additionally, overexpression of CD73 suppressed the activation of the NF-κB pathway by upregulating the expression of the adenosine receptor A2A.

Conclusion

Our study reveals that the CD73/A2AR signaling axis mitigates myocardial inflammation and apoptosis induced by cirrhosis through negative feedback regulation of the NF-κB pathway.
Elucidating the multifaceted role of MGAT1 in hepatocellular carcinoma: integrative single-cell and spatial transcriptomics reveal novel therapeutic insights
Authors: Li Yang , Chen Yuan , Wang Danqiong , Wu Ling , Li Tao , An Na , Yang Haikun
Published: July 2024

Background

Glycosyltransferase-associated genes play a crucial role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pathogenesis. This study investigates their impact on the tumor microenvironment and molecular mechanisms, offering insights into innovative immunotherapeutic strategies for HCC.

Methods

We utilized cutting-edge single-cell and spatial transcriptomics to examine HCC heterogeneity. Four single-cell scoring techniques were employed to evaluate glycosyltransferase genes. Spatial transcriptomic findings were validated, and bulk RNA-seq analysis was conducted to identify prognostic glycosyltransferase-related genes and potential immunotherapeutic targets. MGAT1’s role was further explored through various functional assays.

Results

Our analysis revealed diverse cell subpopulations in HCC with distinct glycosyltransferase gene activities, particularly in macrophages. Key glycosyltransferase genes specific to macrophages were identified. Temporal analysis illustrated macrophage evolution during tumor progression, while spatial transcriptomics highlighted reduced expression of these genes in core tumor macrophages. Integrating scRNA-seq, bulk RNA-seq, and spatial transcriptomics, MGAT1 emerged as a promising therapeutic target, showing significant potential in HCC immunotherapy.

Conclusion

This comprehensive study delves into glycosyltransferase-associated genes in HCC, elucidating their critical roles in cellular dynamics and immune cell interactions. Our findings open new avenues for immunotherapeutic interventions and personalized HCC management, pushing the boundaries of HCC immunotherapy.
Development and antioxidant evaluation of mango leaf (Mangifera indica L.) extract loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles
Authors: Phuong Nguyen Thi Ngoc , Ha My Tien , Nguyen Doan Xuan Tien , Nguyen Ngoc Yen , Huynh Huynh Anh Thi , Hau Trieu Phu , Quyen Tran Thi Bich , Nguyen Manh Quan , Nguyen Anh Tuan , Pham Duy Toan
Published: July 2024

The main antioxidant polyphenol compounds in the mango (Mangifera indica L.) leaf extract are susceptible to environmental degradations. Thus, in biomedical applications, the mango leaf extract is commonly encapsulated in a carrier. However, most studies employed the synthetic carrier materials that could affect the human health, and the complicated formulation procedure that could hinder the scalability. Therefore, this work, for the first time, explored the use of silk fibroin (an FDA-approved biomaterial), in nanoparticles platform, to encapsulate and deliver the mango leaf extract, utilizing the simple coacervation preparation method. Initially, the mango leaf ethanolic extract was obtained through maceration, resulting in a total phenolic content of 76.39 ± 0.14 mg GAE/g DPW and a notably high antioxidant activity (IC50 = 6.872 ± 0.512 μg/mL). Subsequently, silk fibroin nanoparticles loaded with the extract were developed by the coacervation technique. Depending on the fibroin content, these nanoparticles exhibited an appropriate size range of 500–800 nm with narrow size distributions, a spherical shape with smooth surfaces, a dominant silk-II crystalline structure, a drug entrapment efficiency exceeding 70%, and retained the main biomarker mangiferin. Moreover, the phenolic-compounds release profiles from the particles followed the three-step process, the first burst-release step, the second sustained-release step, and the third degradation step. The particles were also non-toxic to the erythrocytes and the human embryonic kidney HEK-293 cell line. Lastly, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay demonstrated that the antioxidant activity of the mango leaf extract was preserved within the extract-loaded nanoparticles. The results suggested that the silk fibroin nanoparticles could be a potential platform to effectively encapsulate and deliver the mango leaf extract for biomedical purposes.
Laser ultrasonic testing of defects in milling groove brazed joints of thrust chamber
Authors: Chen Yuhang , Kou Xing , Liu Yu , Pei Cuixiang , Chen Zhenmao
Published: July 2024

This paper presented a new approach for noncontact inspection of defects in milling groove brazed joints of thrust chamber with laser ultrasonic testing method and synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT). Firstly, laser ultrasonic testing methods for milling groove brazed joints of thrust chamber was studied. Subsequently, numerical models were constructed to analyze the influence of defects on laser-excited signals. The analysis revealed that the brazed defects caused internal waves to reflect on the rib surface, manifesting as defect echo signals preceding the outer wall echo. Through scanning setting, the obtained SAFT images illustrate the presence of the defect directly and clearly. Furthermore, an experimental system was established to detect and image artificial defects with different degrees of weld leakage. The experimental results are consistent with simulation results, validating the capability and effectiveness of the testing and imaging method. In general, the proposed laser ultrasound method offers inherent advantages of non-contact detection with high resolution and precision, and it is easy to achieve fast and automated scanning of large and complex structures like thrust chambers, demonstrating its potential for enhancing the safety and reliability of liquid rocket engines.