bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Benefits of pre-emptive analgesia by local infiltration at day-case general anaesthetic open inguinal hernioplasty
Authors: Radwan RW , Gardner A , Jayamanne H , Stephenson BM
Published: March 2018

Introduction

The open prosthetic repair of inguinal hernias under local anaesthesia (LA) is well established, with the concept of intraoperative ‘pre-emptive analgesia’ evolving so that patients are as comfortable as possible. We used a peri-incisional LA solution in patients undergoing day-case inguinal hernioplasty under general anaesthesia (GA) and recorded use of analgesia in the immediate postoperative period.

Methods

In this observational cohort study, 100 consecutive unselected men underwent open inguinal hernia repair as a day case. Of these, 75 underwent repair under GA and 25 with peri-incisional LA solution (equal mixture of 0.5% bupivacaine and 1% lignocaine with 1:200,000 adrenaline). Analgesia prescribed at induction, for maintenance and after cessation of anaesthesia was scored in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) analgesic ladder.

Results

The median age in the GA group was 59 years (range: 25–89 years) and in the GA+LA group, it was 62 years (range: 27–88 years). Of the 100 patients, 82 underwent a mesh plug repair by seven surgeons whereas 18 underwent a flat (Lichtenstein) mesh repair by two surgeons. WHO analgesic induction and postoperative scores were significantly lower in the GA+LA group (p=0.034 and p<0.001 respectively). There was also a significant difference in use of postoperative antiemetics (23% vs 0% in the GA only and GA+LA cohorts respectively, p=0.020). Six patients (8%) in the GA group failed day-case discharge criteria.

Conclusions

Patients undergoing contemporary day-case GA inguinal hernioplasty with pre-emptive LA solution infiltration require lower levels of postoperative opioid analgesia and antiemetics. These cases are less likely to fail discharge criteria for planned day surgery.
Ensino de língua portuguesa e memes de internet: outros textos, outras leituras
Authors: Berger Isnalda , Anecleto Úrsula Cunha
Published: March 2018

Neste artigo, discutimos sobre a importância do trabalho com textos multimodais e multissemióticos, a exemplo dos memes de intenet, no ensino de Língua Portuguesa, na educação básica. Tem por objetivo discutir as possibilidades de ações discursivas geradas a partir da leitura desses memes que circulam em novas esferas públicas, a exemplo do gênero discursivo blog. Como referencial teórico, ancora-se nos estudos sobre racionalidade comunicativa e a ação discursiva (HABERMAS, 2012); esfera pública (HABERMAS, 1984; 1997) e memes de internet (RECUERO, 2009). Enfatizamos que a esfera pública é um espaço para debate, formação de opinião, a partir do melhor argumento, e, nesse sentido, torna-se importante criar oportunidades na educação básica para os estudantes atuarem, de forma mais autônoma, sobre as mídias digitais, sustentando suas opiniões e desenvolvendo argumentos nesses espaços emergentes, possibilitando a ampliação de ações discursivas com vista a uma racionalidade comunicativa.
O ensino de língua portuguesa a partir do uso do livro didático: um olhar reflexivo sobre as atividades de compreensão e interpretação
Authors: Muders Bárbara , Teixeira Gonçalves Ana Cecilia
Published: March 2018

Este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar uma análise de atividades de compreensão e interpretação vinculadas a gêneros textuais, propostas em unidades de um determinado Livro Didático de Língua Portuguesa, com o intuito de verificar a forma como são abordadas no material. Busca-se identificar se as atividades de compreensão e interpretação abrem espaço para a interação entre falante e ouvinte ou se conduzem o processo de compreensão e interpretação apenas de modo mecânico, em que a língua é vista como um código, como um processo fechado. Dessa forma, parte-se de considerações acerca do processo de interação verbal e dos gêneros discursivos com referência a Bakhtin (1997, 2012), bem como considerações acerca do processo de leitura e de compreensão de textos, conforme os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais de Língua Portuguesa. Além disso, para a referida análise, parte-se de três enfoques de leitura para a compreensão e interpretação de um texto, propostos por Naspolini (1996), a saber: enfoque conteudístico, enfoque estruturalista e enfoque discursivo. Partindo desses pressupostos teóricos, evidencia-se a presença de atividades de compreensão e interpretação centradas tanto no enfoque discursivo, característico do processo de interação verbal, como atividades centradas no enfoque conteudístico, em que a língua é vista como um código. Sendo assim, conclui-se que as atividades de compreensão e interpretação devem estar centradas no processo de interação verbal, uma vez que essa concepção possibilitará que o sujeito produza enunciados pensando sempre na compreensão e na resposta ativa do outro, pois é nessa relação que o conhecimento ocorre de fato.
The sustainability of knowledge brokerage of the mental health improvement outcomes framework in Scotland: a follow-up analysis
Authors: Connolly John , Reid Garth , Knoll Monja , Halliday Wendy , Windsor Shirley
Published: March 2018

This is a follow-up study to Reid et al (2017) which considered the barriers and facilitators of getting knowledge into policy when using a knowledge brokering approach. The previous study analysed the use of strategies to reduce barriers to the use of evidence in mental health strategy planning in Scotland using outcome frameworks. The main facilitators highlighted were the importance of local champions, cooperation within partnership networks, and national-level support. The barriers were local implementation cultures, local time pressures, perceived complexities of the framework, and timeliness of the framework. The present article details the results of a follow-up qualitative evaluation of the sustainability of the mental health improvement outcomes framework with local planners. There is a dearth of literature which focuses on the sustainability of outcome frameworks and the findings of this study suggest that the barriers highlighted by Reid et al (2017) remain acute issues. However, there are further aspects for learning for knowledge brokers themselves in terms of national and local relations and the wider challenges and opportunities relating to network governance and policy reform agendas.
Microanatomy of Thalamic Radiations
Authors: kakou Medard , Kouakou Fulbert , Nâdri Oka Dominique , Mbende Alban Slim , Peltier Johann , Velut StÃ©phane
Published: March 2018

Background
Thalamic radiations also known as thalamocortical pathways are reciprocal myelinated nerve fibers, arranged in a fanning pattern, grouped into tracts or fasciculi; and connecting the thalamus to the cerebral cortex. Detailed in vitro study of these tracts is seldom reported in the literature.

Objective
We sought to describe the microanatomy of thalamic radiations by means of the fiber-dissection technique to discuss challenges in dissection techniques and anatomic nomenclature, and follow through with a literature review.

Methods
Twenty formalin-fixed normal human hemispheres were dissected according to Klinglerâs fiber-dissection technique under operative microscope.

Results
Thalamic radiations are reciprocal myelinated nerve fibers connecting the thalamus to the cerebral cortex and are referred to as corticothalamic and thalamocortical tracts. They are the most medial fibers of the internal capsule and consist of anterior (thalamofrontal), superior (thalamo-fronto-parietal or thalamoparietal), posterior (thalamooccipital) and inferior (thalamotemporal) thalamic fasciculi.

Conclusion
From the cerebral cortex, thalamic radiation fibers fan out into the thalamus and are the most medial fibers of the internal capsule. There is a great deal of controversy surrounding the distinction between anterior and superior thalamic radiations, sub-ependymal stratum and the fronto-occipital fasciculus.
Starch-Glycerol Based Edible Film and Effect of Rosella (Hibiscus Sabdariffa Linn) Extract and Surimi Dumbo Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Addition on Its Mechanical Properties
Authors: Sedyadi Endaruji , Aini Syafiana Khusna , Anggraini Dewi , Ekawati Dian Prihatiningtias
Published: March 2018

Effect of Rosella (Hibiscus Sabdariffa Linn) Extract and Surimi Dumbo catfish (Clarias gariepinus) addition on Starch-Based Edible Film-Glycerol Mechanical Properties has been done. The purpose of this study is to create an active environment-friendly packaging material. Surimi additions are intended to improve the mechanical properties of bioplastics and additions of Rosella extract intended as a bio-indicator of acidity. The method used was Solvent Casting. An amount of surimi and rosella extract varied to obtain the best mechanical properties. The results shows that the addition of surimi and rosella flower extract significantly effect the elongation of Edible films produced up to 27%.
Anatomical Study of Male Reproductive Organs of the Indonesian Short-Nosed Fruit Bat (Cynopterus titthaecheilus Temminck, 1825)
Authors: Anisatuzzahro Anisatuzzahro , Luthfi Muhammad Jafar
Published: March 2018

Bats are one of the mammals of Chiroptera order. Chiroptera Order has two sub-orders, Megachiroptera and Microchiroptera. One of the species of Megachiroptera is Cynopterus titthaecheilus (C. titthaecheilus). Local name for C. titthaecheilus is the Indonesian short-nosed fruit bat. Characteristics of C. titthaecheilus are dark brown body hair and no tragus in the ear. Population of C. titthaecheilus in Indonesia are relatively abundant,  but research about anatomy of male reproduction organs of this species is still rare. The purpose of this study was to determine the anatomical features of male C. tittahecheilus reproductive organs. Observations of macroscopic anatomy include observation of morphology, size, weight and volume of penis, testiscle, epididymis, vas defferens, prostate and seminal vesicles. Observation on microscopical anatomy of male reproduction organ is using histological slide preparations stained by Hematoxylin-Eosin.
Comparative Anatomy and Histology of Black Pomfret (Formio niger) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Kidney
Authors: Apriliani Nurul Safitri , Luthfi Muhammad Jafar
Published: March 2018

Black pomfret and nile tilapia are belonging to order Perciformes. Both fish are live in different habitat. Black pomfret is marine water whereas nile tilapia is in freshwater. The purpose of the study was to determine anatomy and histology of the kidneys structures in both fishes. Histological preparations were done using paraffin method, with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining. The results, showed that Black pomfret and nile tilapia have y-shape kidney. Nile tilapia has darker red colour and softer texture than black pomfret kidney. Histologically, black pomfret and nile tilapia kidneys have a distal tubule, proximal tubule, glomerulus and lymphoid tissue. Glomerular diameter of nile tilapia (69,22 µm) was larger than pomfret (61,25 µm). It can be concluded that differences between anatomical and histological structure of kidney are affected by habitat differences.
Alliin as a Natural Bioactive from Single Bulb Garlic (Allium sativum) for Nitric Oxide (NO) Increasing in Atherosclerotic Process Based on Insilico Screening
Authors: Ilmawati Riza Rahayu , Amin Ahya Zhilalikbar , Amin Mohamad
Published: March 2018

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease in the arterial wall mediated by proinflammatory factor. Atherosclerosis cause heart disease and stroke is generally believed to be preventable. The single bulb garlic is one of the local plants known as the medicinal plant in Indonesia. Garlic contains alliin compounds as antiatherosclerotic agent. This study aimed to determine the potential of active compound of single bulb garlic as an antioxidant that improve endothelial function by increasing nitric oxide (NO) to increase vasodilation. The bioinformatics webserver used in this study are: Pubchem, Pharmmapper, Swiss Target Prediction, Superpred, Uniprot, and Protein Data Bank. Docking software using PyRx, PyMOL and Discovery Studio. Based on these steps, it was found that alliin interacts with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) through hydrogen and alkyl bonds. Alliin is effective as an inhibitor of NOS based on binding afinity (-5.4 kcal / mol) although no more negative than an aspirin inhibitor based on binding afinity (-6.5 kcal / mol). Based on the docking results, it is found that alliin is effective as a potential drug to decreased atherosclerosis.
L’évaluation de la communication : représentations et enjeux pour les professionnels
Authors: Lépine Valérie
Published: March 2018

Le mouvement de professionnalisation de la communication s’est manifesté ces dernières années en France par une certaine reconnaissance de la dimension stratégique de cette fonction et par un rattachement plus fréquent, quoique non systématique, à la Direction Générale des organisations. En se rapprochant des fonctions dites de pilotage, la communication s’est vue, dans le même mouvement, contrainte par la nécessité gestionnaire de rendre des comptes en termes de performance et de retour sur investissement. Les représentations des communicants – recueillies dans une recherche empirique menée par entretiens qualitatifs auprès d’une trentaine de responsables et chargés de communication expérimentés – sur les évolutions de la fonction et des métiers de la communication montrent l’importance prise par l’évaluation de leurs activités. L’évaluation joue un rôle important dans le processus de légitimation de la communication comme fonction productrice de valeur. Elle est aussi l’occasion pour les professionnels d’entrer dans une posture réflexive qui interroge la mobilisation de compétences propres à la communication, tiraillée entre technicisation et spécialisation des métiers d’une part, ambition stratégique d’autre part. Conséquemment, les attentes à l’égard de la formation académique et les difficultés à y répondre sont le reflet des tensions qui traversent cette dynamique de professionnalisation.
« Pourquoi ça marche ? »
Authors: Bats Raphaëlle , Peyrelong Marie-France , Vila-Raimondi Martine
Published: March 2018

La communication propose un retour critique sur des dispositifs de formation liés aux métiers de communication. Elle s’attache à questionner les référentiels qui servent à cadrer ces professions et la mise en objectifs pédagogiques des compétences identifiées. Les dispositifs au cœur des formations évoquées ici font largement appel à des modalités permettant de faire « entrer le réel ». Nous interrogeant sur le « pourquoi ça marche », nous mettons en évidence combien il s’agit de repenser l’articulation théorie/pratique sans les opposer. Au-delà de cette articulation, nous considérons que la création d’espaces collectifs de dialogue contribue à favoriser une réflexivité et une meilleure appropriation des compétences professionnelles.
This paper presents a critical review of vocational training systems and arrangements in the field of communication. Competencies frameworks used in order to guide trainings and to define educational objectives are therefore examined. The training practices mentioned in this article aim to bring “professional reality” in the educative process whether through case studies or through real projects (i.e. orders from professional partners from enterprises or external institutions). Questioning our practices (how does it work?) this leads us to examine the articulation between theory and practice considering that these two aspects are not contradictory. Beyond this articulation lies the assumption that dialogue and exchanges between learners – and therefore creating spaces of discussion as an important part of the training design and setting – enhance a reflexive comportment and thus a better appropriation of professional skills.
Renouveler les modèles de la communication et de la coopération par l'improvisation : Org’impro, une recherche-action innovante
Authors: Lépine Valérie , Martin-Juchat Fabienne , Ménissier Thierry
Published: March 2018

Cette contribution s’inscrit dans la continuité des recherches qui questionnent la formation en compétences communicationnelles des futurs cadres (professionnels de la communication et managers). Elle met en évidence la place du non verbal dans l’élaboration du faire ensemble et interroge les modèles enseignés sur le rôle de ce type de communication dans la construction d’un projet collectif. Par le compte-rendu et l’analyse d’une proposition pédagogique originale intitulée « Org’impro », recherche-action dans le domaine de la formation ayant impliqué des chorégraphes spécialistes de l’improvisation et portée par l’Université Grenoble Alpes, notre propos est de nourrir la pédagogie par la recherche et de développer des dispositifs de formation transférables dans les organisations.
This contribution takes place into the field of researches that question the communication skills training for future managers (communication professionals and managers). It highlights importance of nonverbal communication in cooperative work and questions the models taught about the role of this type of communication for building a collective project. By the report and analysis of an original educational proposal entitled « Org’impro « , an action research in the field of training that involved specialists choreographers of improvisation and managed by the University of Grenoble Alpes, our purpose is to increase the pedagogy research and develop training devices transferable in organizations.
Un modèle multi-niveau de prise de décision éthique pour les relations publiques
Authors: Farmer Yanick
Published: March 2018

Afin de soutenir leurs membres qui sont aux prises fréquemment avec des problèmes de nature éthique, plusieurs associations professionnelles en relations publiques se sont dotées de modèles de prise de décision éthique qu’elles mettent à la disposition de leurs membres à des fins de référence et de formation continue. Cependant, comme nous le démontrons dans cet article, les modèles proposés sont nettement insuffisants lorsqu’il s’agit d’aborder des questions éthiques plus complexes. Ainsi, l’objectif de cet article est de fournir aux théoriciens et aux praticiens des outils conceptuels permettant de mieux penser cette complexité dans la prise de décision éthique. Pour répondre à cet objectif, nous présenterons, dans un premier temps, un cadre conceptuel qui comprend le champ d’application du modèle, ses bases théoriques, de même que des techniques avancées de pondération, de mise en équilibre des intérêts et de gestion de la réputation. Parallèlement à cet effort de théorisation, nous allons voir quelques applications de ce cadre conceptuel à travers l’analyse de cas pratiques. En guise de conclusion, nous allons faire une synthèse des points saillants et évoquer d’autres avenues pour la recherche sur ces questions.
Mots-clés: éthique, prise de décision, relations publiques, réputation, gestion du risque.
 
To support their members who frequently face ethical issues, several professional associations in public relations have developed models of ethical decision-making that they make available to their members for reference and training. However, as we demonstrate in this paper, these models are clearly insufficient to address more complex ethical issues. Thus, the aim of this article is to provide theoreticians and practitioners with conceptual tools to better reflect this complexity in ethical decision-making. To meet this objective, we will first present a conceptual framework that includes the scope of the model, its theoretical foundations, as well as advanced techniques for weighting interests and reputation management. In addition to this theoretical effort, we will see some applications of this conceptual framework through case analysis. In conclusion, we will summarize the highlights and discuss other avenues for research on these issues.
Keywords: ethics, decision-making, public relations, reputation, risk management.
Poéticas blandas: ondulantes, sinuosas y distorsiones (2006-2017)
Authors: Castles John
Published: March 2018

Este articulo ofrece una muestra significativa del trabajo plástico y visual realizado por John Castles en la última década. Las imágenes de las obras son acompañadas por breves pronunciamientos de especialistas, teóricos y curadores latinoamericanos. De esta manera, se puede ver la relación de complementariedad que se establece entre la sensibilidad y el pensamiento en la poesía-plástica que atraviesa la extensa obra del autor.
Tunja: nociones de imagen
Authors: Guerrero Nieto Yulieth
Published: March 2018

El presente artículo de reflexión hace parte de la investigación “Imagen de ciudad: Nuevo patrimonio”, cuya pregunta central fue: ¿Cómo se evidencia la relación habitante-ciudad a partir de una imagen recreada en la dinámica urbana actual? El documento se refiere a cómo se ha expresado la imagen de Tunja, tanto física como imaginariamente y cómo estas expresiones evidencian algunas ideas de ciudad. De manera que se hace una revisión desde las primeras imágenes de la ciudad, sus mapas, sus descripciones, sus acercamientos desde la técnica, hasta el nuevo mapa de ciudad que plantean las nuevas redes de información, por medio de contrastes entre las nociones de ciudad expuestas en las imágenes a través de la historia y la realidad física; este conjunto de ideas cartográficas, históricas, tecnológicas, fotográficas e imaginarias permiten una lectura de una ciudad indefinible desde una sola perspectiva y establecer una visión conjunta y diversa de la misma.
Política cultural colonizadora: El caso de una imagen barroca
Authors: Gil Corredor Claudia Adelaida
Published: March 2018

Mediante el análisis del concepto de “imagen barroca” este artículo presenta la relación entre arte y políticas culturales de principios del siglo XVIII en la zona suroeste de México. Se usa como caso de estudio una imagen de la Virgen de Dolores perteneciente a la capilla de una hacienda del Valle de Cintalapa en Chiapas. Este análisis es producto de una investigación de corte historiográfica en la que se abordan los vínculos entre los mecanismos de poder coloniales y la escultura barroca en la Nueva España. Los resultados que aquí se exponen permiten evidenciar el proceso de institucionalización de la imagen como una política cultural que favoreció los intereses colonizadores de la época virreinal. Además, amplía las conclusiones de la investigación en tanto abre la pregunta sobre el posible uso de la imagen como dispositivo decolonizador.
El arte de andar en la naturaleza
Authors: Arbeláez Grundmann María José
Published: March 2018

El arte de andar en la naturaleza gira alrededor de la cuestión ética y política de, ¿cómo los hombres nos relacionamos con la naturaleza cuando recorremos caminos? La respuesta se nutre de la filosofía ecofeminista espiritual de Vandana Shiva, la cual considera, junto con comunidades indígenas, a la tierra como un ser vivo, con el cual el hombre tiene una conexión espiritual y no es solamente garante de su existencia mediante la explotación ilimitada. Se amplía la reflexión en torno a los modos de relacionarse el hombre con la comunidad de los seres vivos mediante la propuesta de la ética de la tierra elaborada por Carlos Alfredo Vargas. Como práctica artística y proyecto de investigación, el arte de andar es una experiencia vivencial cotidiana consciente en el caminar diferentes recorridos, durante la cual se establecen relaciones de diversos órdenes, explorando los procesos creativos a partir de sensaciones corporales gracias a la apertura del caminante a las fuerzas intempestivas que atraviesan y modifican su cuerpo, tomado como referencia el “cuerpo sin órganos”, categoría desarrollada por Gilles Deleuze y Félix Guattari. El andar diferentes territorios permite la resignificación simbólica de los lugares, no necesitando expresarse en materialidades; por el contrario, esta práctica es tan respetuosa que solamente deja huellas móviles y evanescentes.
A qualificação profissional sob enfoque da psicologia do trabalho: estudo histórico em uma instituição de ensino tecnológico
Authors: Castro Alexandre de Carvalho , Madureira Natalia Campanha Silva , Assumpção Georgia de Souza , Carvalho Vinicius dos Santos
Published: March 2018

Este estudo aborda questões relativas à qualificação profissional e aos fatores humanos no trabalho. O objetivo do artigo foi o de analisar o uso do teste mental, nas décadas de 1940 e 1950, como forma de avaliar aptidões específicas dos alunos na Escola Técnica Nacional (ETN), a partir da perspectiva da Psicologia do Trabalho e de uma metodologia qualitativa de análise documental exploratório-descritiva. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que na ETN, os exames vestibulares, a partir de 1942, passaram a incluir a obrigatoriedade do teste de nível mental, porque se o candidato não apresentasse aptidão para o ensino técnico, não poderia ser matriculado. No entanto, em que pese a ênfase nesse teste mental, a gestão desse processo de ensino foi truncada e inconsistente, muito embora prevalecesse, no contexto do taylorismo, um discurso em prol da relevância de uma avaliação objetiva e científica das aptidões dos trabalhadores.
Povezava med neprespanostjo in delazmožnostjo zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi
Authors: Peršolja Melita , Mišmaš Anamarija , Jurdana Mihaela
Published: March 2018

Uvod: Spanje je aktivni proces, ki pomembno vpliva na kakovost delovnega življenja. V ta namen je bila izvedena raziskava o odnosu med neprespanostjo in delazmožnostjo zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi.Metode: V kvantitativni opisni raziskavi so bili v letih 2014 in 2015 obravnavani zaposleni iz ene splošne bolnišnice in dveh domov upokojencev v Sloveniji. Z enostavnim slučajnostnim izborom je bilo v stratificiran vzorec vključenih 21,26 % (n = 81) v zdravstveni negi zaposlenih žensk iz teh treh zavodov. Podatki, pridobljeni z anketo (Cronbach α = 0,624), so bili analizirani z deskriptivno statistiko in s korelacijsko analizo.Rezultati: Večina anketirank opravlja od tri do sedem nočnih izmen mesečno (x = 3,76, s = 2,51). Vse anketiranke imajo težave z nespečnostjo (n = 81, 100 %), večina jih s težavo ostaja budnih na delovnem mestu (n = 52, 64,2 %). Težave z budnostjo na delovnem mestu se povezujejo s slabšim splošnim počutjem (r = 0,236, p = 0,034) in so pogostejše ob večjem številu nočnih izmen v mesecu (r = −0,322, p = 0,003). Anketiranke so mnenja, da neprespanost povečuje verjetnost napak pri delu (n = 60, 74,1 %), upočasnjuje hitrost odzivanja na nepričakovane urgentne situacije na delovnem mestu (n = 58, 71,6 %) ter slabo vpliva na njihovo komunikacijo s pacienti (n = 48, 59,2 %).Diskusija in zaključek: Podobno kot druge tuje raziskave o zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi tudi ta potrjuje, da se neprespanost zaradi nočnega dela povezuje s slabšim počutjem, utrujenostjo in zmanjšano delazmožnostjo.
Utilization of active and passive constructions in English academic writing
Authors: Bada Erdoğan , Ulum Ömer Gökhan
Published: March 2018

By its nature, AW represents adversity compared to other types of writing. It owns the characteristics of more notable patterns and language usage compared to other writing styles such as literary works, news, etc. Without discriminating the language used, this kind of writing generally bears similarities across languages due to the description and representation of scientific concepts. Therefore, there stands a must that objectivity is observed in AW as much as possible.  In terms of language usage, diverse structures may be seen to be used in varied frequencies. Within this study, articles written in English and published in scientific journals covered by high ranking field indices such as Social Sciences Citation Index, Science Citation Index/Health Sciences Library, and American-Eurasian Network for Scientific Information were perused depending on their related fields classified as the Social Sciences, Natural and Applied Sciences, and Health Sciences, and then active/passive dispersion of these articles was identified through descriptive content analysis. The results suggest that active structure usage (61%) in overall analysis outnumbered that of passive (39%); the decline in its utilization depending on fields is rather significant, in that while the gap between active (74%) and passive (26%) usage in Social Sciences is rather wide in favor of active construction, we can observe a significant narrowing of the divide in Natural and Applied Sciences (60% active, 40% passive), and Health Sciences (51% active, 49% passive). The findings of this descriptive study may contribute to prospective research carried out in the specified fields in AW.
Students' perceptions about online teaching effectiveness: A bottom-up approach for identifying online instructors’ roles
Authors: Gómez-Rey Pilar , Barbera Elena , Fernández-Navarro Francisco
Published: March 2018

The topic of online instructors’ roles has been of interest to the educational community since the late twentieth century. In previous studies, the identification of online instructors’ roles was done using a top-down (deductive) approach. This study applied a bottom-up (inductive) procedure to examine not only the roles of online instructors from a student perspective, but also how well these roles are implemented in practice. In the first stage, roles were defined using factor analysis on a sample of 925 students. A questionnaire was created after an extensive literature review and in-depth interviews with experts. The methodology detected six roles: pedagogical, course designer, social, life skills promoter, technical, and managerial. In the second stage, students’ scores were projected over those factors to obtain the instructors’ performance in each role (the significance of the results was assessed using non-parametric tests). Main findings included: (i) the emergence of a new role, the life skills promoter; (ii) online scenarios becoming more transparent and intuitive due to syllabus design; (iii) the consideration of more audio-visual resources by instructors in asynchronous learning environments; and (iv) the value of offering guidelines to students for collaborative activities to reduce the level of frustration with these activities.
Characterization of Dense-Graded Asphalt Containing Virgin, Postconsumer, or Blended Polymer Systems
Authors: Baumgardner Gaylon L. , Hemsley James Michael , Jordan Walter S. , D’Angelo John A. , Howard Isaac L.
Published: March 2018

This paper contains data related to ground tire rubber (GTR), and binder and mixture performance information is presented that validates some aspects of current practice yet shows that other areas could be improved. While GTR has been utilized in asphalt paving since the 1960s and use in dense-graded mixes began in the late 1980s to early 1990s, proper formulations (including understanding GTR’s functional polymer content) have been lacking a considerable portion of the time. This paper’s primary objective was to review, evaluate, and suggest enhancements to GTR modified binder characterization. One finding was that parallel plate (PP) testing at a 2-mm gap is adequate for binders with 30 mesh (0.595 mm) and finer GTR particles, while cup and bob testing is more suitable for binders with coarser GTR particles. Enhancements were suggested for GTR’s use in modified binder systems related to incorporating hybrid binders containing styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) and GTR. Discussion is provided regarding specifying GTR based on virgin polymer replacement.
Effect of Closely Spaced Twin Tunnel Construction beneath an Existing Subway Station: A Case Study
Authors: Zhang Xu , Zhang Chengping , Wang Jianchen
Published: March 2018

Closely spaced twin tunnels were excavated vertically beneath an adjacent subway station in service in Beijing, China. Because of restrictions on the settlements of the existing subway station in the area, a special protection methodology was adopted, and an analysis was performed using real-time monitoring data to investigate the response of the overlying subway station to twin tunnelling and surface settlement characteristics. The results indicated that advanced grouting realizes regional integral uplifts within the range of a reinforced area. The lifting work with jacks is critical to restraining the trend of settlements. The final settlement trough of the columns displays a double-trough “W” shape that is induced by nonuniform lifting loads, and the total ground surface settlement profile displays an asymmetric single-trough “U” shape. The moment when temporary inverts and middle diaphragms are demolished is important, as it causes potential excessive settlements. With monitoring, this tunnel engineering was completed without interrupting the subway traffic, and the safety of the operating subway station and ground surfaces was successfully guaranteed. This is a valuable project case for establishing criteria to guide the construction of closely spaced twin tunnels in similar conditions.
Nonrecoverable Compliance and Recovery Behavior of Polymer-Modified and Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement–Modified Binders in Arkansas
Authors: Rahaman Mohammed Ziaur , Hossain Zahid , Zaman Musharraf
Published: March 2018

For quality assurance and quality control purposes, suppliers and users of asphalt binders follow the widely used dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) test method (AASHTO T 315, Standard Method of Test for Determining the Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder Using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR)) to capture viscoelastic properties of polymer-modified binders (PMBs) and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP)–modified binders even though it is designed for unmodified asphalt binders. AASHTO T 315 is inadequate to characterize modified binders because of the relatively small impact of the phase angle and strain levels on the rutting and fatigue factors, respectively. The recently approved multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) test (AASHTO T 350, Standard Method of Test for Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) Test of Asphalt Binder Using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR)) results can better relate the laboratory-based and field rutting of PMBs and additive-modified binders. In the current study, Superpave and MSCR tests were performed to evaluate viscoelastic properties of selected asphalt binders certified in Arkansas. A total of 32 binders were tested in the laboratory. Among these, 8 were unmodified binders, 18 were PMBs, and 6 were RAP-modified binders. The nonrecoverable compliance and MSCR percent recovery data of tested binders were analyzed for the grading purpose and establishing the MSCR percent recovery criteria for local service temperature and traffic conditions. The developed guidelines are expected to be helpful for transportation agencies in Arkansas to adopt the MSCR test method in their quality control processes.
Response Surface Methodology for the Remaining Creep Life Estimation by the Small Punch Creep Test
Authors: Moradi Ali , Soltani Nasser
Published: March 2018

In this article, a method for the estimation of the remaining creep life of steel alloy was studied using the response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design (CCD). Small punch creep tests (SPCT) were performed on the specimens from the aged materials of SA-304L alloy, with different consumed creep life ratios at elevated temperatures. Then, two equations were developed to predict the fracture time and the minimum displacement rate with respect to the consumed creep life ratio of samples, the temperature, and the load of SPCT. The contour plots of responses show that there is a linear relationship between the fracture time and the minimum displacement rate in the logarithmic scale, in accordance with the Monkman-Grant relation.
Rapid Multiplex Small DNA Sequencing on the MinION Nanopore Sequencing Platform
Authors: Wei Shan , Weiss Zachary R , Williams Zev
Published: March 2018

Real-time sequencing of short DNA reads has a wide variety of clinical and research applications including screening for mutations, target sequences and aneuploidy. We recently demonstrated that MinION, a nanopore-based DNA sequencing device the size of a USB drive, could be used for short-read DNA sequencing. In this study, an ultra-rapid multiplex library preparation and sequencing method for the MinION is presented and applied to accurately test normal diploid and aneuploidy samples’ genomic DNA in under three hours, including library preparation and sequencing. This novel method shows great promise as a clinical diagnostic test for applications requiring rapid short-read DNA sequencing.
A Flow Cytometry-Based Phenotypic Screen To Identify Novel Endocytic Factors inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Wrasman Kristie , Alioto Salvatore L , Zhang Yorke , Hoban Kyle , Khairy Marjon , Goode Bruce L , Wendland Beverly
Published: March 2018

Endocytosis is a fundamental process for internalizing material from the plasma membrane, including many transmembrane proteins that are selectively internalized depending on environmental conditions. In most cells, the main route of entry is clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), a process that involves the coordinated activity of over 60 proteins; however, there are likely as-yet unidentified proteins involved in cargo selection and/or regulation of endocytosis. We performed a mutagenic screen to identify novel endocytic genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing the methionine permease Mup1 tagged with pHluorin (pHl), a pH-sensitive GFP variant whose fluorescence is quenched upon delivery to the acidic vacuole lumen. We used fluorescence-activated cell sorting to isolate mutagenized cells with elevated fluorescence, resulting from failure to traffic Mup1-pHl cargo to the vacuole, and further assessed subcellular localization of Mup1-pHl to characterize the endocytic defects in 256 mutants. A subset of mutant strains was classified as having general endocytic defects based on mislocalization of additional cargo proteins. Within this group, we identified mutations in four genes encoding proteins with known roles in endocytosis: the endocytic coat components SLA2, SLA1, and EDE1, and the ARP3 gene, whose product is involved in nucleating actin filaments to form branched networks. All four mutants demonstrated aberrant dynamics of the endocytic machinery at sites of CME; moreover, the arp3R346H mutation showed reduced actin nucleation activity in vitro. Finally, whole genome sequencing of two general endocytic mutants identified mutations in conserved genes not previously implicated in endocytosis, KRE33 and IQG1, demonstrating that our screening approach can be used to identify new components involved in endocytosis.
Identification of General Patterns of Sex-Biased Expression in Daphnia, a Genus with Environmental Sex Determination
Authors: Molinier Cécile , Reisser Céline M O , Fields Peter , Ségard Adeline , Galimov Yan , Haag Christoph R
Published: March 2018

Daphnia reproduce by cyclic-parthenogenesis, where phases of asexual reproduction are intermitted by sexual production of diapause stages. This life cycle, together with environmental sex determination, allow the comparison of gene expression between genetically identical males and females. We investigated gene expression differences between males and females in four genotypes of Daphnia magna and compared the results with published data on sex-biased gene expression in two other Daphnia species, each representing one of the major phylogenetic clades within the genus. We found that 42% of all annotated genes showed sex-biased expression in D. magna. This proportion is similar both to estimates from other Daphnia species as well as from species with genetic sex determination, suggesting that sex-biased expression is not reduced under environmental sex determination. Among 7453 single copy, one-to-one orthologs in the three Daphnia species, 707 consistently showed sex-biased expression and 675 were biased in the same direction in all three species. Hence these genes represent a core-set of genes with consistent sex-differential expression in the genus. A functional analysis identified that several of them are involved in known sex determination pathways. Moreover, 75% were overexpressed in females rather than males, a pattern that appears to be a general feature of sex-biased gene expression in Daphnia.
A Host-Pathogen Interaction Screen Identifies ada2 as a Mediator of Candida glabrata Defenses Against Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Kounatidis Ilias , Ames Lauren , Mistry Rupal , Ho Hsueh-lui , Haynes Ken , Ligoxygakis Petros
Published: March 2018

Candida glabrata (C. glabrata) forms part of the normal human gut microbiota but can cause life-threatening invasive infections in immune-compromised individuals. C. glabrata displays high resistance to common azole antifungals, which necessitates new treatments. In this investigation, we identified five C. glabrata deletion mutants (∆ada2, ∆bas1, ∆hir3, ∆ino2 and ∆met31) from a library of 196 transcription factor mutants that were unable to grow and activate an immune response in Drosophila larvae. This highlighted the importance of these transcription factors in C. glabrata infectivity. Further ex vivo investigation into these mutants revealed the requirement of C. glabrata ADA2 for oxidative stress tolerance. We confirmed this observation in vivo whereby growth of the C. glabrata Δada2 strain was permitted only in flies with suppressed production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Conversely, overexpression of ADA2 promoted C. glabrata replication in infected wild type larvae resulting in larval killing. We propose that ADA2 orchestrates the response of C. glabrata against ROS-mediated immune defenses during infection. With the need to find alternative antifungal treatment for C. glabrata infections, genes required for survival in the host environment, such as ADA2, provide promising potential targets.
The anatomical studies on two Biarum (Araceae) species in Turkey
Authors: Akyol Y. , Durmuskahya C. , Yetişen K. , Kocabaş O. , Özdemir C.
Published: March 2018

In this study, anatomical properties of Biarum marmarisense (P. C. Boyce) P. C. Boyce and Biarum pyrami (Schott) Engl. var. pyrami were examined. The specimens were collected from Antalya province, South West of Anatolia. Degree of spathe tube margin connection, distribution of pistillodes and staminate-pistillate flower zone interstice length characters are important in Biarum Schott. taxonomy at specific level. The cross-sections of root, stem and leaf parts of the plant were examined and demonstrated by photographs. Although thicknesses of the cell wall of the endodermis and xylem strands are distinguishing features, raphide crystals are same feature in both species. B. marmarisense has observed paracytic stoma types while B. pyrami var. pyrami has anomocytic stoma types. Most of the anatomical properties were similar to the other members of the Araceae family.
Species relationship and population structure analysis in Geranium subg. Robertium with the use of ISSR molecular markers
Authors: Esfandani Bozchaloyi S. , Sheidai M. , Keshavarzi M. , Noormohammadi Z.
Published: March 2018

Species delimitation is essential since species is regarded as the basic unit of analysis in nearly all biological disciplines, such as ecology, biogeography, conservation biology, and macroevolution. The genusGeranium(Geraniaceae) comprises about 350 species distributed throughout most parts of the world. The subg.Robertiumcomprises 30 species which are arranged in 8 sections. This subgenus is represented in Iran by 10 species. These species are grouped into 5 sections. In spite vast distribution of manyGeraniumspecies that grow in Iran, there are not any available report on their genetic diversity, mode of divergence and patterns of dispersal. Therefore molecular (ISSR markers) and morphological studies of 147 accessions from 10 species ofGeranium(subg.Robertium), that were collected from different habitats in Iran were performed. The aims of the present study are: 1) to find the diagnostic value of ISSR markers in delimitation ofGeraniumspecies, 2) to find the genetic structure of these taxa in Iran, and 3) to investigate the species inter-relationship. The present study revealed that combination of morphological and ISSR data can delimit the species. AMOVA and STRUCTURE analysis revealed that the species of subg.Robertiumare genetically differentiated but have some degree of shared common alleles.
Hosseusiella and Rehmanniella, two new genera in the Teloschistaceae
Authors: Kondratyuk S. Y. , Persson P.-E. , Hansson M. , Lőkös L. , Liu D. , Hur J.-S. , Kärnefelt I. , Thell A.
Published: March 2018

Two new genera in the subfamily Teloschistoideae (Teloschistaceae, Teloschistales) are described: Hosseusiella S. Y. Kondr., L. Lőkös et A. Thell for the Caloplaca chilensis group including three South American species and Rehmanniella S. Y. Kondr. et J.-S. Hur for the new species, R. wirthii S. Y. Kondr. from South Africa. The new genera are supported by a three-gene phylogeny based on ITS1/ITS2 nrDNA, 28S nrLSU, and 12S mtSSU sequences. The new taxonomic position of Elixjohnia ovis-atra in the subfamily Teloschistoideae is discussed. The two new species Hosseusiella gallowayiana and Rehmanniella wirthii are described, illustrated and compared with closely related taxa. Hosseusiella gallowayiana is recorded for the first time as the host for the lichenicolous fungus Arthonia tetraspora S. Y. Kondr. A key to the species of Hosseusiella is included, as well as new information of the related genus Follmannia. The following new combinations are proposed: Hosseusiella chilensis (Kärnefelt, S. Y. Kondr., Frödén et Arup) S. Y. Kondr., L. Lőkös, Kärnefelt et A. Thell, Hosseusiella pergracilis (Zahlbr.) S. Y. Kondr., L. Lőkös, Kärnefelt et A. Thell and Elixjohnia ovis-atra (Søchting, Søgaard et Sancho) S. Y. Kondr.
Higher scores on the Mini-K life history battery are associated with greater disgust sensitivity on the three domains of disgust scale
Authors: Frederick Michael J. , Keil Hilary R. , Bassioni Ramy , Khan Humama
Published: March 2018

Disgust is a universal emotion that promotes protective behaviors in three distinct domains: sexual, moral, and pathogenic. There is considerable individual variation in sensitivity to disgust, and past research suggests individuals with slower life history strategies are more sensitive to stimuli that provoke pathogen and moral disgust. We hypothesized that such individuals would also be more sensitive to disgust in a sexual context. Two hundred seventyseven participants completed the Mini-K Life History Battery and the Three Domains of Disgust Scale. A slower life history strategy (as reflected by a higher Mini-K score) was associated with increased sensitivity to sexual, pathogen, and moral disgust. Removal of items with potential overlap did not affect the significance of the results. These findings suggest that the K-factor of life history is associated with increased disgust sensitivity across all three domains.
Effect of loading direction on the shaft resistance of jacked piles in dense sand
Authors: Galvis-Castro A. C. , Tovar-Valencia R. D. , Salgado R. , Prezzi M.
Published: March 2018

The design of piles subjected to tensile loading is usually done by applying a correction factor on the shaft resistance calculated for compressive loading, but experimental data on what this correction factor should be are limited. This paper presents the results of a series of tensile–compressive (TC) and compressive–tensile (CT) static loading tests performed on instrumented model piles (with three different values of surface roughness) jacked into dense sand samples prepared in a half-cylindrical calibration chamber with digital image correlation (DIC) capability. Digital images of the model pile and sand were taken during loading of the pile in each test and processed using the DIC technique to obtain the soil displacement and strain fields. Results from local sensors showed that the ratio of the tensile-to-compressive shaft resistance of jacked piles is always less than one and depends on both the sequence of loading (CT or TC) and the pile surface roughness. The lower shaft resistance measured in tensile loading is due to the rotation of principal strains that occurs upon reversal of loading direction. Localisation of shear strains occurred within a thin band of sand around the pile shaft.