bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Description, molecular identification and pathological lesions of Huffmanela persica sp. nov. (Nematoda: Trichosomoididae: Huffmanelinae) from the daggertooth pike conger Muraenesox cinereus
Authors: Ghanei-Motlagh Reza , Fast Mark D. , Groman David , Kumar Gokhlesh , Soliman Hatem , El-Matbouli Mansour , Saleh Mona
Published: June 2023

Background

The genus Huffmanela Moravec, 1987 (Nematoda, Trichosomoididae, Huffmanelinae), represents a group of nematodes that infect both marine and freshwater fish, and the main gross feature of infection with different species of the genus is the presence of noticeable dark spots or tracks within the parasitized tissues. The purpose of this study was to describe morphologically and morphometrically the eggs of a new marine species of Huffmanela (Huffmanela persica sp. nov.), which was found in the form of black spots in the ovary and the tunica serosa of the stomach of the daggertooth pike conger (Muraenesox cinereus). The new species differs from Huffmanela hamo, another species reported from musculature of this host in Japan, in egg metrics, eggshell features and targeted organ. Molecular identification and pathological examination of the lesions caused by the new species are also reported.

Methods

Nematode eggs with varying degrees of development were separated from the infected tissues (ovary and tunica serosa of stomach) and investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. Different species-specific markers (small subunit ribosomal DNA, 18S; large subunit ribosomal DNA, 28S; internal transcribed spacer, ITS) were used for molecular identification and phylogenetic study of the new species. Infected tissues were fixed in buffered formalin for pathological investigations.

Results

The fully developed eggs of H. persica sp. nov. are distinguished from those previously described from this host on the basis of their measurements (size, 54–68 × 31–43 µm; polar plugs, 6.4–9.7 × 8.4–12 µm; shell thickness, 3.5–6.1 µm) and a delicate but ornate uterine layer (UL) covering the entire eggshell including the polar plugs. Histopathological examination revealed a fibro-granulomatous inflammation in the ovary and the serosal layer of the stomach of infected fish. Maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogenetic analysis recovered a sister relationship between the new species of marine origin and Huffmanela species previously collected from freshwater hosts.

Conclusions

The present study is the first to report the molecular characterization and phylogenetic position of a teleost-associated marine species of the genus Huffmanela. A comprehensive list of nominal and innominate populations of Huffmanela is also provided.

Graphical abstract
Association between distance to community health care facilities and COVID-19–related mortality across U.S. counties in the COVID-19–vaccine era
Authors: Huang Wenxi , Hernandez Inmaculada , Tang Shangbin , Dickson Sean , Berenbrok Lucas A. , Guo Jingchuan
Published: June 2023

Objective

COVID-19 has caused tremendous damage to U.S. public health, but COVID vaccines can effectively reduce the risk of COVID-19 infections and related mortality. Our study aimed to quantify the association between proximity to a community healthcare facility and COVID-19 related mortality after COVID vaccines became publicly available and explore how this association varied across racial and ethnic groups.

Results

Residents living farther from a facility had higher COVID-19–related mortality across U.S. counties. This increased mortality incidence associated with longer distances was particularly pronounced in counties with higher proportions of Black and Hispanic populations.
Sex hormones influence survival of patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma undergoing immune checkpoint therapy
Authors: Lindner Andrea Katharina , Lackner Felizian , Tymoszuk Piotr , Barth Dominik Andreas , Seeber Andreas , Kocher Florian , Toth Bettina , Hochleitner Margarethe , Pichler Martin , Pichler Renate
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Clinical trials investigating efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) revealed sex-specific divergent outcomes in urothelial cancer (UC), suggesting that sex hormones might play an important role in gender-specific dimorphisms of response upon ICI. However, further clinical investigations are still needed to understand the influence of sex hormones in UC. The aim of this study was to get further insights on the prognostic and predictive value of sex hormone levels in patients with metastatic UC (mUC) who underwent ICI.

Material and methods

Sex hormone levels of patients with mUC including luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), LH/FSH ratio, prolactin, testosterone and 17β-estradiol (E2) were evaluated at baseline and during ICI at 6/8 weeks and 12/14 weeks.

Results

Twenty-eight patients (10 women, 18 men) with a median age of 70 years were included. Metastatic disease was confirmed in 21 patients (75%) after radical cystectomy while seven patients showed mUC at first diagnosis. Twelve patients (42.8%) received first line and 16 patients second line pembrolizumab. The objective response rate (ORR) was 39% (CR in 7%). The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was 5.5 and 20 months. Focusing on changes of sex hormone levels during ICI, a significant increase in FSH levels and decrease of the LH/FSH ratio was noticed in responders (p = 0.035), yet without sex-specific significance. When adjusted for sex and treatment line, a significant increase of FSH levels was confirmed in men during second line pembrolizumab. Focusing on baseline levels, LH/FSH ratio was significantly higher in female responders (p = 0.043) compared to non-responders. In women, increased LH levels and LH/FSH ratio were associated with better PFS (p = 0.014 for LH, p = 0.016 for LH/FSH ratio) and OS (p = 0.026 and p = 0.018). In male patients, increased E2 levels were linked with improved PFS (p < 0.001) and OS (p = 0.039).

Conclusion

Increased LH and LH/FSH values in women as well as high E2 levels in men were significant predictors of better survival. Elevated LH/FSH ratio was predictive of better response to ICI in women. These results show first clinical evidence of the potential role of sex hormones as prognostic and predictive biomarker in mUC. Further prospective analyses are needed to corroborate our findings.
The composition of environmental microbiota in three tree fruit packing facilities changed over seasons and contained taxa indicative of L. monocytogenes contamination
Authors: Rolon M. Laura , Tan Xiaoqing , Chung Taejung , Gonzalez-Escalona Narjol , Chen Yi , Macarisin Dumitru , LaBorde Luke F. , Kovac Jasna
Published: June 2023

Background

Listeria monocytogenes can survive in cold and wet environments, such as tree fruit packing facilities and it has been implicated in outbreaks and recalls of tree fruit products. However, little is known about microbiota that co-occurs with L. monocytogenes and its stability over seasons in tree fruit packing environments. In this 2-year longitudinal study, we aimed to characterize spatial and seasonal changes in microbiota composition and identify taxa indicative of L. monocytogenes contamination in wet processing areas of three tree fruit packing facilities (F1, F2, F3).

Methods

A total of 189 samples were collected during two apple packing seasons from floors under the washing, drying, and waxing areas. The presence of L. monocytogenes was determined using a standard culturing method, and environmental microbiota was characterized using amplicon sequencing. PERMANOVA was used to compare microbiota composition among facilities over two seasons, and abundance-occupancy analysis was used to identify shared and temporal core microbiota. Differential abundance analysis and random forest were applied to detect taxa indicative of L. monocytogenes contamination. Lastly, three L. monocytogenes-positive samples were sequenced using shotgun metagenomics with Nanopore MinION, as a proof-of-concept for direct detection of L. monocytogenes’ DNA in environmental samples.

Results

The occurrence of L. monocytogenes significantly increased from 28% in year 1 to 46% in year 2 in F1, and from 41% in year 1 to 92% in year 2 in F3, while all samples collected from F2 were L. monocytogenes-positive in both years. Samples collected from three facilities had a significantly different microbiota composition in both years, but the composition of each facility changed over years. A subset of bacterial taxa including Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, and Microbacterium, and fungal taxa, including Yarrowia, Kurtzmaniella, Cystobasidium, Paraphoma, and Cutaneotrichosporon, were identified as potential indicators of L. monocytogenes within the monitored environments. Lastly, the DNA of L. monocytogenes was detected through direct Nanopore sequencing of metagenomic DNA extracted from environmental samples.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that a cross-sectional sampling strategy may not accurately reflect the representative microbiota of food processing facilities. Our findings also suggest that specific microorganisms are indicative of L. monocytogenes, warranting further investigation of their role in the survival and persistence of L. monocytogenes.
Medical maladies in eating disorders—there is still much work to be done
Authors: Nitsch Allison , Mehler Phil
Published: June 2023

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the eating disorder clinician community saw an increase in severity and number of people seeking care for eating disorders. Due to this, its even more important for those who work with people with eating disorders to understand the medical complications these people are at risk for. The special issue of the Journal of Eating Disorders provides a comprehensive look at medical complications and also makes apparent deficits in the scientific literature.
Reenacting the Trials of the Past: The Quandaries of Conducting Collaborative Research on Indigenous Land Titles from the Double Role of Lawyer-Historian
Authors: Lopera-Mesa Gloria P.
Published: June 2023

Drawing on the author’s experience of collaborative research with the Cañamomo-Lomaprieta people in the western Colombian Andes, this article discusses the challenges of conducting ethnohistorical research on Indigenous land claims from the double role of historian and lawyer. It argues that this dual position presents both risks and benefits for ethnohistorical research. On the one hand, wearing both hats entails the risk of digging into the past to make a case for current land claims, thus losing sight of a more complex and comprehensive understanding of the past on its own terms. On the other, the lawyer-historian gaze may provide critical insight into the workings of the law in past processes of privatization and commodification of Indigenous lands. Legal training better equips historians for understanding the technical details of land transactions, lawmaking, and judicial decision-making. It also enables the historian to raise questions about the legal validity of past judicial decisions and land transactions that still impact current land disputes.
Inalienable Dignity: Writing Counterhegemonic Universal Human Rights Histories
Authors: Ibhawoh Bonny
Published: June 2023

Human rights doctrine is founded on a notion of universality and inalienability. However, critics of the dominant formulation of “universal” human rights claim that it privileges Western epistemology and does not adequately reflect the histories and lived experiences of Indigenous communities. This has prompted calls for a more inclusive conceptualization and theorization of human rights that takes equal account of Indigenous histories and rights traditions. This article makes a case for reconceptualizing universal human rights to reflect the epistemologies of historically marginalized communities. Drawing on debates in African history, it calls for a counterhegemonic approach to human rights that goes beyond possessive individualism and the neoliberal, state-centered rights model. To be truly universal, international human rights must take equal account of the communal and collectivist ethos that underpins Indigenous notions of human dignity.
Book Reviews
Authors: Gilbert S. F. , Tyler M. S.
Published: June 2023

This latest edition of Developmental Biology by Gilbert is anything but a routine ‘yet another’ edition: it is fresh. Gilbert has a remarkable capacity to synthesize new developments (including this year’s findings) into new concepts, rather then simply summarizing primary research publications. Addition of a special Website entirely devoted to the book (www.devbio.com), with its continuous publication features, adds to this impression.
Protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus
Authors: Hong Wanjin
Published: June 2023

As the first step of protein transport along the biosynthetic (secretory/exocytotic) pathway, transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus has received much attention over the past several decades. The general structural organization underlying this transport process is becoming more defined. The major protein components participating in the budding, pre-docking, and docking/fusion events have been identified and their mechanistic aspects investigated. Conceptually, it is now clear that protein export from the ER is a selective process. Although much remains to be defined or refined, the general picture of this transport step has now emerged.
Assembly of nuclear pore complexes and annulate lamellae promotes normal pronuclear development in fertilized mammalian oocytes
Authors: Sutovsky Peter , Simerly Calvin , Hewitson Laura , Schatten Gerald
Published: June 2023

In addition to functional nuclear pore complexes engaged in nucleo-cytoplasmic transport, the cytoplasmic stacks of pore complexes, called annulate lamellae, exist in numerous cell types. Although both annulate lamellae and nuclear pore complexes are present in fertilized mammalian oocytes, their relative roles in the process of fertilization and preimplantation development are not known. Using epifluorescence and electron microscopy, we explored their fate during bovine fertilization. The assembly of annulate lamellae in bovine oocytes was triggered by sperm-oocyte binding and continued concomitantly with the incorporation of the nuclear pores in the nuclear envelopes of the developing male and female pronuclei. This process was also induced by the parthenogenetic activation of metaphase-II-arrested oocytes. Depletion of Ca2+, previously implicated in oocyte activation and in the insertion of pore complexes into the nuclear envelope, prevented the formation of nuclear pore complexes, but not the assembly of annulate lamellae in oocyte cytoplasm. Injection of the nuclear pore antagonist, wheat germ agglutinin, into the cytoplasm of mature oocytes that were subsequently fertilized caused the arrest of pronuclear development, indicating the requirement of nuclear pore complexes for normal pronuclear development. Treatment of the fertilized oocytes with the microtubule inhibitor, nocodazole, prevented gathering of annulate lamellae around the developing pronuclei, insertion of nuclear pores into their nuclear envelopes, and further pronuclear development. The formation of the male pronuclei was reconstituted in Xenopus egg extracts and reflected the behavior of nuclear pores during natural fertilization. These data suggest that nuclear pore complexes are required for normal pronuclear development from its beginning up until pronuclear apposition. Annulate lamellae may be involved in the turnover of nuclear pore complexes during fertilization, which is in turn facilitated by the reorganization of oocyte microtubules and influx of Ca2+ into oocyte cytoplasm.
The Drosophila POLO kinase localises to multiple compartments of the mitotic apparatus and is required for the phosphorylation of MPM2 reactive epitopes
Authors: Logarinho Elsa , Sunkel Claudio E.
Published: June 2023

The MPM2 antibody is a valuable tool for studying the regulation of mitotic events since it specifically recognises a subset of mitosis-specific phosphoproteins. Some MPM2 epitopes have been shown to be phosphorylated by p34cdc2. However, recent results suggest that the newly emerging family of polo-like kinases (Plks) may also act as MPM2 kinases. In this study, we present evidence suggesting that the Drosophila POLO protein is required for the phosphorylation of MPM2 reactive epitopes. POLO displays a dynamic localisation pattern during mitosis, which parallels that of the MPM2 phosphoepitopes, since it is found in the centrosome and centromere from early prophase until late anaphase, the microtubule-overlapping region during anaphase, and the region on either side of the midbody during telophase. Centromere localisation is not dependent upon microtubules since it is retained in colchicine-arrested cells and is present in isolated chromosomes. Furthermore, the level of MPM2 immunoreactivity is directly correlated to the severity of the polo mutant alleles. In cells carrying a hypomorphic allele, the centrosomes of abnormal cells are small and fail to efficiently recruit MPM2 epitopes. In neuroblasts homozygous for a severe loss-of-function allele, the mitotic index is low and the MPM2 labelling is severely reduced or absent. Finally, rephosphorylation of MPM2 epitopes in detergent-extracted Schneider cells requires either POLO stably bound to the cytoskeletons or POLO present in soluble extracts. These results suggest that POLO is required for the phosphorylation of MPM2 epitopes in Drosophila, at the centrosomes, centromeres and the mitotic spindle, and thus might be involved in co-ordinating the mitotic changes of cellular architecture with the activity of the maturation promoting factor.
Embryoglycan ectodomains regulate biological activity of FGF-2 to embryonic stem cells
Authors: Dvořák P. , Hampl A. , Jirmanová L. , Pacholíková J. , Kusakabe M.
Published: June 2023

Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) functions as a natural inducer of mesoderm, regulator of cell differentiation and autocrine modulator of cell growth and transformation. The FGF-2 signals are transduced through receptors with intrinsic protein tyrosine kinase activity. However, receptor binding and activation is governed by extracellular matrix, cell surface or soluble proteoglycans. This paper focuses on the role of proteoglycans synthesized by embryonic cells, embryoglycans, in FGF-2 signaling via FGF receptor-1 (FGFR-1).

We found that embryoglycan ectodomain Lewis X, analog of developmentally regulated embryonic cell surface epitope TEC 1, promotes oligomerization of FGF-2 in the cell free chemical crosslinking. In vitro assays show that a large molar excess of extracellular Lewis X does not inhibit binding of FGF-2 to embryonic stem (ES) cells, but prevents the mitogenic effect of FGF-2. Western blot analysis of ES cells revealed the presence of abundant 52 kDa and trace amounts of 67 and 125 kDa isoforms of FGFR-1. However, none of these isoforms undergo any detectable changes in tyrosine phosphorylation under the conditions that modulate the mitogenic effect of FGF-2. Rather, a primary substrate of all receptor tyrosine kinases, phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ), is activated by both FGF-2 and Lewis X. The combination, FGF-2 plus Lewis X, leads to weak inhibition, when compared with the effects of FGF-2 and Lewis X, respectively. In accordance, the level of phosphorylation of non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Src is reduced in a reversed pattern to PLCγ. Furthermore, in this particular cell type we show the presence of activated forms of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) in all nontreated and treated cells.

These findings demonstrate that embryoglycan ectodomains may act as negative regulators of FGF-2-induced ES cell proliferation, most likely through the FGFR-1-independent signaling pathway.
Polarized localizations of annexins I, II, VI and XIII in epithelial cells of intestinal, hepatic and pancreatic tissues
Authors: Massey-Harroche Dominique , Mayran Nathalie , Maroux Suzanne
Published: June 2023

The cellular and subcellular localizations of annexins I, II, VI and XIII in the rabbit intestine, liver and pancreas were studied by performing immunofluorescence labeling on thin frozen tissue sections using specific monoclonal antibodies. The expression of annexins was found to be finely regulated. Annexins XIII and I were expressed exclusively in the small intestine and the colon, respectively, whereas annexin II was present in all the tissues tested and annexin VI specifically in the liver and pancreas. These different annexins were concentrated in the basolateral domain of polarized cells, and some of them had an extra-apical localization: annexin XIII was concentrated in the lower 3/4 of enterocyte brush border microvilli; annexin II was present in the upper part of the terminal web in intestinal absorbent cells as well as in the bile canalicular area in hepatocytes, whereas annexin VI was detected on some apical vesicles concentrated around the bile canaliculi. In pancreatic acinar cells, the presence of annexin II on some zymogen granules provides further evidence that annexin II may be involved in exocytic events. In conclusion, this study shows that the basolateral domain of polarized cells appears to be the main site where annexins are located, and they may therefore be involved in the important cellular events occurring at this level.
Regulation of mRNA localization by transmembrane signalling: Local interaction of HB-GAM (heparin-binding growth-associated molecule) with the cell surface localizes β-actin mRNA
Authors: Fages Carole , Kaksonen Marko , Kinnunen Tarja , Punnonen Eeva-Liisa , Rauvala Heikki
Published: June 2023

Localization of mRNAs is currently thought to be partially responsible for molecular sorting to specific compartments within the cell. In mammalian cells the best-studied example is the β-actin mRNA that is localized to the cell processes, and its localization is necessary in migratory responses of cells. It is reasonable to assume that mRNA localization within cells is coupled to transmembrane signalling due to extracellular factors, but little is known about such putative mechanisms. We show here that HB- GAM, an extracellular matrix-associated factor that enhances migratory responses in cells, is able to localize β- actin mRNA when locally applied to cells via microbeads. The HB-GAM-induced mRNA localization is specifically inhibited by low concentrations of heparin and by heparitinase treatment of cells, showing that cell-surface heparin-type glycans are required for the effect. The finding that soluble N-syndecan is also inhibitory suggests that the transmembrane proteoglycan N-syndecan, previously identified as an HB-GAM receptor, is involved in the mRNA-localizing effect of HB-GAM. Inhibition of the mRNA localization by the src-kinase inhibitor PP1 is compatible with an N-syndecan-mediated effect since the receptor function of N-syndecan has been recently found to depend on the src-kinase signalling pathway. The mRNA- localizing activity of N-syndecan is also suggested by the finding that affinity-purified anti-N-syndecan antibodies coated on microbeads are able to localize β-actin mRNA.
Ye1013p (Vac8p), an armadillo repeat protein related to plakoglobin and importin α, is associated with the yeast vacuole membrane
Authors: Fleckenstein Diana , Rohde Manfred , Klionsky Daniel J. , Rüdiger Manfred
Published: June 2023

Proteins of the armadillo family are involved in diverse cellular processes in higher eukaryotes. Some of them, like armadillo, β-catenin and plakoglobins have dual functions in intercellular junctions and signalling cascades. Others, belonging to the importin-α-subfamily are involved in NLS recognition and nuclear transport, while some members of the armadillo family have as yet unknown functions.

Here, we introduce the Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein Ye1013p as a novel armadillo (arm) repeat protein. The ORF Ye1013w was identified in the genome project on chromosome V (EMBL: U18530) and codes for an acidic protein of 578 residues with 8 central arm-repeats, which are closely related to the central repeat-domain of Xenopus laevis plakoglobin. We show that Ye1013p (Vac8p) is constitutively expressed in diploid and haploid yeasts and that it is not essential for viability and growth. However, the vacuoles of mutant cells are multilobular or even fragmented into small vesicles and the processing of aminopeptidase I, representing the cytoplasm-to-vacuole transport pathway, is strongly impaired. Consistent with these observations, subcellular fractionation experiments, immunolocalization and expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion proteins revealed that Ye1013p (Vac8p) is associated with the vacuolar membrane.

Our data provide evidence for the involvement of an arm-family member in vacuolar morphology and protein targeting to the vacuole.
Integrin ligation and PKC activation are required for migration of colon carcinoma cells
Authors: Rigot Véronique , Lehmann Maxime , André Frédéric , Daemi Noucha , Marvaldi Jacques , José Luis
Published: June 2023

The activation of protein kinases C (PKCs) is an essential step in integrin-dependent cell adhesion and spreading. In this report we examined the effect of the phorbol ester PMA, a PKC activator, on adhesion, spreading and migration of a colon carcinoma cell line, HT29-D4. Treatment with PMA increased the rate of cell spreading and induced the migration of these cells towards purified matrix proteins in haptotaxis assays on Boyden chambers. PMA-induced effects were the result of PKCs activation, as shown by using the inactive isomer 4α-PMA and PKCs inhibitors. The involvement of integrins in the phorbol ester-induced cell migration was demonstrated both by the absence of migration of cells plated on membranes coated with poly-L-lysine and by the use of function blocking antibodies. Thus, interactions between α2β1, α3β1, α6β4, αvβ5, αvβ6 integrins and their specific ligands are necessary for the PKC-mediated migration. However, adhesion, immunoprecipitation and immunocytofluorometry experiments clearly showed that HT29-D4 cell haptotaxis induced by PKC activation is not a consequence of quantitative or qualitative changes in the cell surface integrins. We also demonstrated that PKCs were able to activate the MAP kinase pathway and that the impediment of MAP kinase activation resulted in the loss of cell migration. Moreover, stimulation of the insulin-like growth factor I signalling pathway led to MAP kinase activation and to the induction of cell migration. In addition, the growth factor-induced motility of HT29-D4 cells was affected both by PKC and MAP kinase cascade inhibitors. It thus appears that both integrin ligation and MAP kinase activation by PKCs are required to promote the migration of HT29-D4 cells.
Game Theory and the First World War
Authors: Myerson Roger B.
Published: June 2023

Books by Scott Wolford and Roger Ransom show how economic theories of games and decisions can be fruitfully applied to problems in World War I. This vital application offers fundamental insights into the analytical methods of game theory. Public random variables may be essential factors in war-of-attrition games. An assumption that nations can coordinate on Pareto-superior equilibria may become less tenable when nations are at war. Interpreting a surprising mistake as evidence of an unlikely type can have serious consequences. The ability of leaders to foster consistent beliefs within a cohesive society can create inconsistency of beliefs between nations at war. (JEL C70, D74, D83, F51, N40)
What Can Economics Say about Alzheimer’s Disease?
Authors: Chandra Amitabh , Coile Courtney , Mommaerts Corina
Published: June 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects one in ten people aged 65 or older and is the most expensive disease in the United States. We describe the central economic questions raised by AD. Although there is overlap with the economics of aging and health, the defining feature of the “economics of Alzheimer’s disease” is an emphasis on choice by cognitively impaired patients that affects health and financial well-being, and situations in which dynamic contracts between patients and caregivers are useful but difficult to enforce. A focus on innovation in AD prevention, treatment, and care is also critical given the enormous social cost of AD and present lack of understanding of its causes, which raises questions of optimal resource allocation and alignment of private and social incentives. The enormous scope for economists to contribute to our understanding of AD-related issues including drug development, efficient care delivery, dynamic contracting, long-term care risk, financial decision-making, and the design of public programs for AD suggests a rich research program for many areas of economics. (JEL G22, G50, I10, I38, J14, L65, O31)
Climate Future: Averting and Adapting to Climate Change
Authors: Mendelsohn Robert
Published: June 2023

Robert Mendelsohn of Yale School of the Environment, Department of Economics, and Yale School of Management reviews “Climate Future: Averting and Adapting to Climate Change” by Robert S. Pindyck. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Explores the extent and nature of the uncertainty of climate change's impact on the economy and society, promoting the argument that climate policy should focus on adaptation in preparation for the unlikelihood of sufficiently reducing greenhouse gas emissions.”
A gestão estratégica no contexto de uma farmácia universitária
Authors: Marques Pauliane Venessa da Silva Braga , Rios Nara Raquel Fonteles , Alcântara Filho José Airton Gomes de , Rodrigues Maxweel Veras , Oliveira Cristiani Lopes Capistrano Gonçalves de
Published: June 2023

A farmácia universitária é um estabelecimento de saúde vinculado a uma instituição de ensino superior que se apresenta como cenário de práticas de ensino, pesquisa e extensão na área de farmácia e atua perante a comunidade, por meio da prestação de serviços farmacêuticos, como dispensação e manipulação de medicamentos e atenção farmacêutica, entre outros. O presente estudo buscou formular a gestão estratégica em uma farmácia universitária, com base na identificação de processos críticos e na construção de indicadores para o setor de dispensação de medicamentos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa aplicada que objetiva encontrar soluções para determinados problemas conforme conhecimentos já estabelecidos. A pesquisa teve a participação de sete farmacêuticos. Foi aplicado um questionário e realizado um grupo focal com a gestão e os farmacêuticos. Com base nos dados coletados, foram definidos, inicialmente, a missão, a visão, os valores e os objetivos estratégicos da farmácia universitária. Depois da análise dos processos e de posterior identificação de sistemas críticos, foram determinados sete indicadores baseados no método de gestão de desempenho Balanced Scorecard (BSC), que estão relacionados com a perspectiva financeira, os processos internos, os clientes e o aprendizado e crescimento. A implementação da gestão por processos e a formulação de indicadores baseados nos sistemas críticos são importantes para o aprimoramento da gestão organizacional da farmácia universitária.
A relação entre atividades empreendedoras e o crescimento econômico: uma análise comparativa entre capitais brasileiras
Authors: Tavares Milena Fernanda Bogler , Bach Tatiana Marceda , Walter Silvana Anita
Published: June 2023

O empreendedorismo tem contribuído ao fornecer resultados positivos para tornar uma economia próspera e crescente para sua população. O objetivo deste artigo é, portanto, analisar a relação de longo prazo entre o empreendedorismo e o crescimento econômico de capitais brasileiras no período de 2013 a 2021. A metodologia foi baseada em uma abordagem quantitativa, na qual fez-se o uso de séries temporais para avaliar variáveis representativas do empreendedorismo, bem como de desenvolvimento econômico. As variáveis escolhidas foram: número de microempreendedores individuais (MEIs); Índice Firjan de Gestão Fiscal (IFGF); número da população; densidade demográfica; Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDHM) e PIB per capita. A interpretação dos resultados foi baseada na análise descritiva e inferencial com o uso do modelo econométrico de Regressão com Dados em Painel. Os principais resultados evidenciaram, de forma geral, a gestão fiscal das capitais brasileiras, mantendo-se dentro do limite classificado como de boa gestão fiscal, no entanto, ao comparar as capitais isoladamente, algumas apresentaram indicadores baixos, sugerindo dificuldades na sustentabilidade financeira, enquanto outras criaram estratégias para avanços econômicos. A presença de microempreendedores individuais foi um fator que gerou ganhos na economia dos municípios, com maior desenvolvimento local ao criar mais empregos. No tocante à análise inferencial do modelo econométrico, foi possível comprovar a significativa influência das taxas de empreendedorismo no crescimento econômico das capitais investigadas. As descobertas deste artigo ressaltam a importância da promoção dos microempreendedores individuais a ponto de reconhecer o papel destes na economia das cidades. Assim, gestores podem elaborar políticas de incentivo à criação e ao desenvolvimento de empreendedores.
Justicia en territorios pesqueros: Violaciones a los derechos humanos en la pesca artesanal en la Corte Constitucional de Colombia
Authors: Figueroa Isabela , Saavedra-Díaz Lina María , Satizábal Paula , Noriega Gina , Velásquez-Mendoza Yulibeth
Published: June 2023

Los mares y aguas continentales han sido espacios de luchas sociales históricamente invisibilizadas. Este artículo ofrece un análisis interdisciplinario de todas las decisiones de la Corte Constitucional Colombiana relacionadas con violaciones de derechos humanos en la pesca artesanal. Por medio del Enfoque Basado en Derechos Humanos estudiamos 79 sentencias y construimos una base de datos digital llamada Justicia en Territorios Pesqueros. Identificamos y analizamos los derechos reivindicados con mayor frecuencia. En su mayoría, las decisiones de la Corte indican que el sector de la pesca artesanal no es tenido en cuenta en la aprobación de proyectos de desarrollo. Concluimos que el Estado colombiano privilegia los intereses de los sectores económicos industriales en detrimento de los derechos de las poblaciones pesqueras.
Custo e tempo como obstáculos para uma alimentação saudável entre universitários
Authors: Olivier Glaura Paulo Fagundes , Almeida Lana Carneiro , Baptista Eduarda Fontela , Zanini Roberta De Vargas
Published: June 2023

Introdução: O Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira aborda a compreensão e superação de potenciais obstáculos para a adoção de uma alimentação saudável, entre eles, custo dos alimentos e tempo. Objetivo: Investigar a ocorrência de tempo e custo enquanto obstáculos para uma alimentação adequada e saudável e sua associação com fatores demográficos e socioeconômicos em universitários. Método: Estudo transversal realizado de abril a maio de 2019. Os desfechos avaliados foram custo e tempo. As variáveis de exposição foram sexo, idade, composição de moradia, trabalho remunerado, classe econômica e turno de estudo. Resultados: Participaram da pesquisa 207 estudantes. Sobre o custo dos alimentos, 76,3% já deixaram de comprar frutas, verduras e/ou legumes devido ao preço. Em relação ao tempo, 69,9% já deixaram de preparar alguma refeição por falta de tempo. Custo se associou com sexo masculino, idade igual ou superior a 30 anos, morar com amigos, estudar no período noturno e/ou estar na classe econômica mais baixa; já tempo se associou com sexo masculino, idade inferior a 30 anos, morar sozinho, estudar no período diurno/integral e/ou não trabalhar. Conclusão: Grande proporção dos universitários enfrenta dificuldades, relativas a tempo e custo dos alimentos, para ter uma alimentação adequada e saudável.
Pendirian Spin-off Kafe Kebon Tunggul: Sebuah Studi Observasi pada Kafe Titik Temu Kebontunggul - Desa Wisata Kebontunggul
Authors: Ardiantono Dewie Saktia , Hanoum Syarifa , Mariyanto Mariyanto , Noer Bustanul Arifin , Usra Salsabila , Avanthe Larassayu Arvaneira , Kusumo Dipa Ontowiryo , Sari Annisa Kintan , Aini Yuninda Nur , Faizal Achmad Amin , Fatimah Jihan , Al’ula Zahril Maulana Jilham , Nursiya Destisa Zahra , Putri Saviera Mutiara
Published: June 2023

Tren agrowisata di Indonesia menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang positif. Pengembangan pariwisata dikembangkan dengan berbagai pendekatan ekonomi meliputi berbagai aspek mulai dari sumber daya manusia, ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi, serta pemberdayaan usaha lokal. Untuk mencapai keberlanjutan pariwisata, tidak hanya pihak-pihak tertentu saja yang bertanggungjawab untuk mengusahakan keberlanjutan tersebut. Pada tahun 2022, pemerintah desa Kebontunggul berencana untuk mengembangkan wisata tanaman obat keluarga (TOGA) di Lembah Mbencirang yang menjadi produk unggulan dari desa Kebontunggul, Mojokerto. Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDES) berencana untuk mendirikan kafe dengan beberapa tenant untuk menunjang pendirian wisata tersebut, Penelitian ini berfokus pada pengembangan konsep usah kafe Kebontunggul untuk menarik minat wisatawan serta usulan spin-off dari BUMDES sehingga dapat menjalankan operasional bisnisnya secara mandiri sebagai upaya untuk dapat mengembangkan kafe serta tempat wisata Titik Temu Kebontunggul secara masif dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Observasi dilakukan dengan melihat, mengamati, dan juga menganalisis kondisi lingkungan Desa Kebontunggul yang dapat dijadikan potensi dalam pengembangan kafe serta menjabarkan konsep usaha dalam Business Model Canvas (BMC) dan usulan spin-off kafe.
QR Code Edukatif sebagai Media Belajar Terintegrasi untuk Pengelolaan Keanekaragaman Hayati Bambu di Kawasan Ekowisata Boonpring, Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Trisnawati Indah , Koswara Arwi Yudhi , Raharjo Agus Budi , Maulida Putra , Muzaki Farid Kamal
Published: June 2023

Kawasan wisata alam Boonpring Desa Sanankerto, Kecamatan Turen (Malang) memiliki potensi besar sebagai destinasi wisata edukasi lingkungan berupa arboretum pusat pendidikan, penelitian dan konservasi tumbuhan bambu. Untuk wisata edukasi lingkungan berupa perpustakaan dan museum bambu, diharapkan Boonpring menyediakan informasi memadai mengenai potensi lokalnya yaitu beragam jenis bambu. Kegiatan Abmas ITS ini telah melakukan inventarisasi karakteristik (morfologi luar, distribusi, status konservasi) dan sistematika (taksonomi dan nama ilmiah) bambu. Dilanjutkan dengan menyusun dan mengembangkan media belajar terintegrasi dengan barcode edukatif Sistem Informasi Inventarisasi Tumbuhan Berbasis Quick Response (QR) Code, dan e-booklet potensi keanekaragaman bambu. Sistem ini memudahkan pihak pengelola untuk mengelola semua informasi tentang bambu, serta memonitor data koleksi bambu di arboretrum, sehingga pengelolaan keanekaragaman bambu dapat dilakukan secara efisien. Selain itu, sistem ini dapat membantu permasalahan dan kelemahan metode manual. Hal ini bermanfaat bagi rencana pemanfaatannya di masa datang sebagai perpustakaan dan museum bambu di Indonesia, yang mampu meningkatkan pemberdayaan masyarakat desa cerdas di bidang edukasi lingkungan. Dalam pengaplikasian sistem informasi ini perlu ditingkatkan kesiapan sarana, terutama internet di lokasi eduwisata. Komunikasi dan koordinasi tim abmas dengan pengelola eduwisata perlu dilakukan secara berkelanjutan, terutama terkait dengan pengelolaan keanekaragaman hayati dan wisata alamnya agar edukasi lingkungan masyarakat ini dapat tercapai secara optimal.
Membangun Industri Halal dalam Mendukung Masterplan Ekonomi Syariah Indonesia melalui Program Gerakan Menuju Sertifikasi Halal (GEMESH)
Authors: Putro Herdayanto Sulistyo , Ni'mah Yatim Lailun , Wilujeng Susi Agustina , Astuti Susy Budi , Aunurohim Aunurohim , Ersam Taslim , Santoso Mardi , Atmaja Lukman , Putro Adityo Pratomo , Maharani Anisa Rahma , Aldianita Ananda Krisna , Rini Cicilia Puspa , Noveilya Dheva , Simanjuntak Imelda Priskila , Aditya M Daffa , Anaqah Nabilah Dita , Gunadyani Ni Kadek Githa Kartika , Farida Nor , Putra Ruzain Rafie Sukma , Budi Vanuella Tresnaning , Rafi Yaqdhan Nufal , Hakim Ardi Lukman , Sari Fiqey Indriati Eka
Published: June 2023

Berkembangnya era globalisasi serta perdagangan masyarakat ekonomi ASEAN, kebutuhan akan produk halal semakin besar dan diminati. Upaya Pemerintah dalam mendorong Indonesia menjadi produsen produk halal yakni membuat UU Nomor 33 Tahun 2014 Tentang Jaminan Produk Halal. Sifat sertifikasi halal yang semula sukarela menjadi wajib bagi pelaku usaha. Sehingga, UMKM juga diwajibkan untuk menerapkan Sistem Jaminan Halal agar mutu dan kualitas produk menjadi lebih baik di mata konsumen. Kondisi ini dimanfaatkan oleh Tim Pengabdi melalui GEMESH (Gerakan Menuju Sertifikasi Halal) yang telah membentuk suatu Kawasan Halal di Taman Indah, Sidoarjo. Tim Pengabdi memfasilitasi UMKM pangan dalam meningkatkan kesadaran akan pentingnya kaidah halal serta membantu proses sertifikasi halal produknya melalui kampanye GEMESH yang diintegrasikan dengan kegiatan KKN mahasiswa meliputi sosialisasi, diklat penyelia halal, seminar dan pelatihan proses produksi halal, hingga pendampingan proses sertifikasi halal serta dengan website gemeshalal.in untuk mendukung keberlanjutan kampanye GEMESH. Terdapat 1 UMKM yang telah verval berkas sertifikasi halal dan 3 UMKM lainnya belum tersertifikasi karena harus melakukan perbaikan data dalam pengajuan pendaftaran sertifikasi halal.
Pengurangan Penyebaran Virus dan Bakteri dengan Aplikasi Pelapisan Antivirus (CoFilm+) sebagai Desinfektan Permanent di Medical Center – ITS
Authors: Purniawan Agung , Pujiyanto Royyan Wafi , Rasyida Amaliya , Sutarsis Sutarsis , Fellicia Dian Mughni , Rochiem Rochman , Faried Moh , Ilfahmi Yan Alamanda
Published: June 2023

Pandemi Covid-19 memberikan pelajaran berarti bagi kita dimana penyebaran virus SARS-CoV-2 sangatlah cepat dan dapat terjadi melalui kontak langsung, kontak tidak langsung, maupun kontak erat dengan orang yang terinfeksi. Tingkat penyebaran virus yang tinggi membuat rumah sakit mengalami kesulitan dalam penanganan pasien rapat inap, sehingga menyebabkan kurang optimalnya penanganan pasien yang berakibat meningkatkan risiko kematian. Berdasarkan pengalaman tersebut maka sangat diperlukan teknologi untuk meminimalisir proses penyebaran/ transmisi virus atau bakteri terutama di Rumah Sakit dan fasilitas kesehatan lainnya. Transmisi virus ini dapat melalui udara yang terhirup saat proses pernafasan atau melalui permukaan yang terdapat virus aktifnya. Untuk permukaan selama inidilakukan sterilisasi dengan menggunakan larutan kimia. Pada program pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini teknologi yang digunakan adalah pelapisan antimikroba (antimicrobial coating) berbahan dasar nanotembaga yang mampu merusak membran sel serta protein esensial dan DNA bakteri melalui bentuk logam dan ioniknya. Melalui program pengabdian masyarakat ini, diharapkan terjadi pengurangan penyebaran virus dan bakteri khususnya melalu permukaan yang disentuh. Kegiatan ini dilakukan di Medical Center ITS dengan cara membuat lapisan nanotembaga sebagai pelapis antimikroba dan melakukan pelapisan di permukaan fasilitas kesehatan yang sering disentuh.
KUZEY MAKEDONYA GELENEKSEL SIRMA SÜSLEMELERİ ESAS ALINARAK KADIN PANTOLON TASARIMLARININ OLUŞTURULMASI
Authors: ÖZKAN Mücella , HARMANKAYA Hatice
Published: June 2023

Küreselleşmenin sonuçlarından biri olarak dünya genelinde modanın etkisiyle insanların giyimleri birbirine benzer bir yapıya dönüşmüştür. Geçmiş yıllarda her ülkenin, her bölgenin hatta her şehrin geleneksel unsurları olduğu için giyen kişiye ait sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik faktörler giysiler kullanılarak ayrışmıştır. Aynı şekilde kadınların giyimlerinde kullandıkları renklerden, süslemelerden ya da baş örtme şekillerinden bekar ya da evli olup olmadıkları ya da eşini kaybetmiş olması gibi sormadan cevabını alabileceğimiz bilgiler giysiler aracılığı ile çevreye aktarılmıştır. Günümüzde ise kadın giyimlerinden sosyo-kültürel özelliklere dair bilgi alınamadığı gibi farklı ülkelerde yaşayan insanların giysilerinin birbirleri ile aynı olduğu görülmektedir. Küreselleşmenin etkisiyle durum her ne kadar böyle olsa da toplumların geçmişten bu yana taşıdığı kendine özgü kültürü ve geleneksel giyim özellikleri vardır. Bunların başında kumaş desenleri ve süsleme motifleri gelmektedir. Bu geleneksel motifleri dünya üzerinde tanınır hale getirmek ve hazır giyim sektöründe kullanılabilir moda olgusuna dönüştürmek artık dijital iletişim kanalları ile daha mümkün hale gelmiştir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, Kuzey Makedonya kültüründe önemli süslemelerden biri olan sırma tekniğinin oldukça fazla yer aldığı çintiyan şalvarının yöresel ögelerinden yola çıkarak, günün moda gerekliliklerine hitap eden kadın pantolon tasarımları oluşturmaktır. Çalışmada, Kuzey Makedonya geleneksel çintiyan giysilerinin tasarım unsurları yerel olandan evrensel olana doğru yeni giysi tasarımlarına aktarılacaktır. Nitel yapıdaki araştırmada eylem araştırması yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında ele alınan Kuzey Makedonya’ya ait giysilerde bulunan sırma işi süsleme örnekleri incelenerek tasarım parametreleri belirlenmiştir. Çintiyan şalvarlarındaki geleneksel ögeler günün moda trendlerine uygun 10 adet kadın pantolon tasarımında kullanılmıştır. Kuzey Makedonya çintiyan giysileri dikkate alınarak oluşturulan kadın pantolon tasarımları bilgisayar ortamında görselleştirilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında, sürekli yenilik arayışındaki moda ve hazır giyim sektörü için Kuzey Makedonya kültürel mirası olan geleneksel giysilerin ve süsleme motiflerinin sürdürülebilirliğine katkı sağlanmıştır.
BİR MASAL METNİNİN SONSUZ SERÜVENİ: ALİ CENGİZ OYUNU ÇÖZÜLDÜ MÜ?
Authors: DAŞDEMİR Cansu
Published: June 2023

Toplumsal ve kültürel kalıpların aktarıcısı olan masallar, sözlü kültürün önemli saç ayaklarından biridir. Masallar, muhtevasında barındırdığı semboller aracılığıyla bireysel yahut toplumsal arzuları ifade ederek bireylerin hayal dünyasının kapılarını aralar. Kolektif belleğin bir ürünü olan masallar, 1812 yılında Grimm Kardeşlerin derleyerek yayımladığı "Çocuklara ve Ev Halkına Masallar" adlı külliyattan itibaren çeşitli çalışmalara konu olmuştur. Söz konusu olan bu çalışmalara 2022 yılında Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesinin katkılarıyla bir yenisi daha eklenmiştir.
KARAGÖZ METİNLERİNDE GRICE'IN İŞBİRLİĞİ İLKESİNİN İHLALİ
Authors: ÇAĞLAYAN Galip
Published: June 2023

Türk tarihinin ve kültürünün önemli ölçüde beslenmesine kaynaklık eden Karagöz, içinde güldürücü ve eğlendirici unsurlar başta olmak üzere birçok ögeyi barındırmaktadır. Toplumsal bellekte asırlarca yer edinmiş, eski dönemlerde özellikle düğün, sünnet gibi özel törenlerde halka karşı icra edilen bu oyunda, Karagöz ve Hacivat tipleri başta olmak üzere farklı nitelikleri kendi içinde barındıran diğer tiplerle yaratılan gülmece dil, mizah sanatının her türlü inceliklerinin ortaya koyulmasını sağlamıştır. Mizahın iletişimdeki rolü gereği farklı bir yapıyla ortaya koyulması, tiplerin kurduğu tümcelerde bazı ihlallere gidilmesi, gölge oyununun temel özelliklerinden biri olmuştur. Grice’ın ortaya koyduğu işbirliği ilkesi de konuşma sürecinde yerine getirilmediğinde bu ihlallerden biri olarak görülmektedir. Bu ilkeye göre konuşmacının, iletişim sürecindeyken bağlı kalması gereken dört temel ilke vardır. Bunlar; Nicelik, nitelik, bağıntı ve tarz olarak sınıflandırılır. Nicelik ilkesine göre; konuşur, gereğinden çok bilgi vermek yerine konuşmaya yeterli düzeyde katkı sağlamalıdır. Nitelik ilkesine göre; konuşur, dürüstlük değerine uygun davranmalı, yanlış bilgi vermemeye önem göstermelidir. Bağıntı ilkesine göre; konuşur, iletişim sürecinde bağlamdan kopmadan ele alınan konuyla ilgili düşüncelerini dile getirmelidir. Tarz ilkesine göre ise; konuşur, ifadelerini beyan ederken açık olmalı, karşı tarafın zihninde bir bilişsel dengesizlik yaratmamalıdır. Zaman zaman bu ilkelerin ihlali sonucunda ortaya çıkan aykırılık, mizah sanatını beslediği için bunun etkileri Karagöz oyununda görülmüştür. Bundan kaynaklı olarak da mizahın ortaya çıkış sürecinde Karagöz oyunundaki tiplerin işbirliği ilkesini nasıl ihlal ettiği örneklerle ortaya koyulmaya çalışılmıştır.