bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First evidence of inertial modes in γ Doradus stars: The core rotation revealed
Authors: Ouazzani R.-M. , Lignières F. , Dupret M.-A. , Salmon S. J. A. J. , Ballot J. , Christophe S. , Takata M.
Published: June 2020

The advent of space photometry with CoRoT and Kepler has allowed for the gathering of exquisite and extensive time series for a wealth of main-sequence stars, including γ Doradus stars, whose detailed seismology was not achievable from the ground. γ Doradus stars present an incredibly rich pulsation spectra, with gravito-inertial modes, in some cases supplemented with δ Scuti-like pressure modes – for the hybrid stars – and, in many cases, with Rossby modes. The present paper aims to show that in addition to these modes which have been established in the radiative envelope, pure inertial modes that are trapped in the convective core can be detected in Kepler observations of γ Doradus stars thanks to their resonance with the gravito-inertial modes. We started by using a simplified model of perturbations in a full sphere of uniform density. Under these conditions, the spectrum of pure inertial modes is known from analytical solutions of the so-called Poincaré equation. We then computed coupling factors, which helped select the pure inertial modes which interact best with the surrounding dipolar gravito-inertial modes. Using complete calculations of gravito-inertial modes in realistic models of γ Doradus stars, we are able to show that the pure inertial and gravito-inertial resonances appear as “dips” in the gravito-inertial mode period spacing series at spin parameters that are close to those predicted by the simple model. We find the first evidence of such dips in the Kepler γ Doradus star KIC 5608334. Finally, using complete calculations in isolated convective cores, we find that the spin parameters of the pure inertial and gravito-inertial resonances are also sensitive to the density stratification of the convective core. In conclusion, we have discovered that certain dips in gravito-inertial mode period spacings that have been observed in some Kepler stars are, in fact, signatures of resonances with pure-inertial modes that are trapped in the convective core. This holds the promise that it would be possible to finally access the central conditions, namely, the rotation and density stratification, of intermediate-mass stars in the main sequence.
A strong neutron burst in jet-like supernovae of spinstars
Authors: Choplin Arthur , Tominaga Nozomu , Meyer Bradley S.
Published: June 2020

Context. Some metal-poor stars have abundance patterns, which are midway between the slow (s) and rapid (r) neutron capture processes.

Aims. We show that the helium shell of a fast rotating massive star experiencing a jet-like explosion undergoes two efficient neutron capture processes: one during stellar evolution and one during the explosion. It eventually provides a material whose chemical composition is midway between the s- and r-process.

Methods. A low metallicity 40 M⊙ model with an initial rotational velocity of ∼700 km s−1 was computed from birth to pre-supernova with an extended nuclear network following the slow neutron capture process. A two-dimensional hydrodynamic relativistic code was used to model a E = 1052 erg relativistic jet-like explosion hitting the stellar mantle. The jet-induced nucleosynthesis was calculated in post-processing with an optimised network of 1812 nuclei.

Results. During the star’s life, heavy elements from 30 ≲ Z ≲ 82 are produced thanks to an efficient s-process, which is boosted by rotation. At the end of evolution, the helium shell is largely enriched in trans-iron elements and in (unburnt) 22Ne, whose abundance is ∼20 times higher than in a non-rotating model. During the explosion, the jet heats the helium shell up to ∼1.5 GK. It efficiently activates (α, n) reactions, such as 22Ne(α, n), and leads to a strong n-process with neutron densities of ∼1019 − 1020 cm−3 during 0.1 s. This has the effect of shifting the s-process pattern, which was built during stellar evolution, towards heavier elements (e.g. Eu). The resulting chemical pattern is consistent with the abundances of the carbon-enhanced metal-poor r/s star CS29528-028, provided the ejecta of the jet model is not homogeneously mixed.

Conclusions. The helium burning zones of rotating massive stars experience an efficient s-process during the evolution followed by an efficient n-process during a jet-like explosion. This is a new astrophysical site which can explain at least some of the metal-poor stars showing abundance patterns midway between the s- and r-process.
Cartographie des zones de reproduction et de grégarisation du criquet pèlerin au Tchad
Authors: Kayalto Mathias , Idrissi Hassani Mina , Lecoq Michel , Gay Pierre-Emmanuel , Piou Cyril
Published: June 2020

Le criquet pèlerin, Schistocerca gregaria Forskål, 1775, est un ravageur majeur pour l’agriculture. Affiner les connaissances sur sa distribution spatiale est essentiel pour sa gestion préventive. Dans ce but, nous avons utilisé au Tchad une technique de lissage spatial de densités sur 7014 observations du criquet pèlerin (1965–1971 et 1986–2017) afin d’élaborer des cartes saisonnières de répartition pour les périodes d’invasion et de rémission. Trois zones correspondant à des aires de reproduction et foyers de grégarisation ont été identifiées : (1) Kanem/lac Tchad, (2) Batha, (3) Ennedi. La première pourrait être un nouveau foyer de grégarisation. Ces zones se rajoutent à celle du massif du Tibesti, où les signalements sont plus rares que par le passé à cause de l’insécurité. Des prospections plus régulières devraient permettre de confirmer que la distribution du criquet pèlerin a récemment évolué.
Theoretical Progress at the Frontiers of Small-xPhysics
Authors: Sievert Matthew
Published: June 2020

In recent years, the theoretical foundations of small-x physics have made significant advances in two frontiers: higher-order (NLO) corrections and power-suppressed (sub-eikonal) corrections. Among the former are the NLO calculations of the linear (BFKL) and nonlinear (BK-JIMWLK) evolution equations, as well as cross sections for various processes. Among the latter are corrections to the whole framework of high-energy QCD, including new contributions from quarks and spin asymmetries. One common element to both of these frontiers is the appearance of collinear logarithms beyond the leading-order framework. The proper treatment of these logarithms is a major challenge in obtaining physical cross sections at NLO, and they lead to a new double-logarithmic resummation parameter which governs spin at small x. In this paper, I will focus on the role of these collinear logarithms in both frontiers of small-x physics, as well as give a brief sample of other recent advances in its theoretical foundations.

The authors acknowledge support from the US-DOE Nuclear Science Grant No. DE-SC0019175, and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, and the Zuckerman STEM Leadership Program.
Correlations in the Initial Conditions of Heavy-Ion Collisions
Authors: Wertepny Douglas , Noronha-Hostler Jacquelyn , Sievert Matthew , Rao Skandaprasad , Paladino Noah
Published: June 2020

Ultracentral collisions of heavy nuclei, in which the impact parameter is nearly zero, are especially sensitive to the details of the initial state model and the microscopic mechanism for collective flow. In a hydrodynamic “flow” picture, the final state momentum correlations are a direct response to the fluctuating initial geometry, although models of the initial geometry differ widely. Alternatively, dynamical mechanisms based in the color glass condensate (CGC) formalism can naturally lead to many-body correlations with very different systematics. Here we present a calculation of event-by-event elliptic flow in both the hydrodynamic and CGC paradigms and show that they can be qualitatively distinguished in ultracentral collisions of deformed nuclei. Specifically, the multiplicity dependence in such collisions is qualitatively opposite, with the CGC correlations increasing with multiplicity while the hydrodynamic correlations decrease. The consistency of the latter with experimental data on UU collisions appears to rule out a CGC-mediated explanation. We find that these qualitative features also persist in small deformed systems and can therefore be a valuable test of the microscopic physics in that regime.

The authors acknowledge support from the US-DOE Nuclear Science Grant No. DE-SC0019175, and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, and the Zuckerman STEM Leadership Program.
Identification of potential precursors for the occurrence of Large-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances in a case study during September 2017
Authors: Ferreira Arthur Amaral , Borries Claudia , Xiong Chao , Borges Renato Alves , Mielich Jens , Kouba Daniel
Published: June 2020

Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs) reflect changes in the ionospheric electron density which are caused by atmospheric gravity waves. These changes in the electron density impact the functionality of different applications such as precise navigation and high-frequency geolocation. The Horizon 2020 project TechTIDE establishes a warning system for the occurrence of TIDs with the motivation to mitigate their impact on communication and navigation applications. This requires the identification of appropriate indicators for the generation of TIDs and for this purpose we investigate potential precursors for the TID occurrence. This paper presents a case study of the double main phase geomagnetic storm, starting from the night of 7th September and lasting until the end of 8th September 2017. Detrended Total Electron Content (TEC) derived from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements from more than 880 ground stations in Europe was used to identify the occurrence of different types of large scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (LSTIDs) propagating over the European sector. In this case study, LSTIDs were observed more frequently and with higher amplitude during periods of enhanced auroral activity, as indicated by increased electrojet index (IE) from the International Monitor for Auroral Geomagnetic Effects (IMAGE). Our investigation suggests that Joule heating due to the dissipation of Pedersen currents is the main contributor to the excitation of the observed LSTIDs. We observe that the LSTIDs are excited predominantly after strong ionospheric perturbations at high-latitudes. Ionospheric parameters including TEC gradients, the Along Arc TEC Rate (AATR) index and the Rate Of change of TEC index (ROTI) have been analysed for their suitability to serve as a precursor for LSTID occurrence in mid-latitude Europe, aiming for near real-time indication and warning of LSTID activity. The results of the presented case study suggest that the AATR index and TEC gradients are promising candidates for near real-time indication and warning of the LSTIDs occurrence in mid-latitude Europe since they have a close relation to the source mechanisms of LSTIDs during periods of increased auroral activity.
Grundverständnis der komplexen Pathomechanismen
Authors: Tannhof Christoph
Published: June 2020

In diesem Review geben die Autoren einen Überblick über die Entwicklungen im Hinblick auf Forschung und Verständnis für die komplexen Zusammenhänge zwischen Hypoxie und pulmonaler Hypertonie. Sie wurde 1973 als pulmonalarterieller Mitteldruck > 25 mmHG definiert. Und im Rahmen des 6. World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension (WSPH) 2018 auf 20 mmHG reduziert. Dabei stehen die sauerstoffsensitiven Transferfaktoren bzw. Hypoxia Inducible Factors (HIF) und deren Beziehung zu den vaskulären Veränderungen im Mittelpunkt.
Fluid type and volume reduce risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis and length of hospital stay in high-risk patients: a secondary analysis of the INDIEH trial
Authors: Talukdar Rupjyoti , Kamal Ayesha , Singh Vikesh K. , Reddy D. Nageshwar , Akshintala Venkata S. , Goud Rajesh , Lakhtakia Sundeep , Ramchandani Mohan K. , Tandan Manu , Rao G. V. , Nabi Zaheer , Gupta Rajesh , Kalapala Rakesh , Basha Jahangeer , Reddy Manohar , Rai Vijay K. , Goenka Mahesh K , Sinha Saroj , Kochhar Rakesh , Elmunzer B. Joseph , Khashab Mouen A. , Kalloo Anthony N.
Published: June 2020

Background and study aims Impact of intravenous fluid administration on prophylaxis against post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP) has not been rigorously evaluated among patients at high-risk for PEP.

Patients and methods Effect of volume and type of fluid administered on PEP incidence was studied through a secondary analysis of high-risk patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangopancreatography (ERCP) as a part of a randomized controlled trial in which all patients received rectal indomethacin. Periprocedural fluid was defined as fluid infused during and after ERCP.

Results A total 960 patients were randomized during the trial, of whom 476 (49.6 %) received periprocedural fluids (mean volume = 1245 mL [± 629]). There was a trend towards a lower incidence of PEP in patients who received periprocedural fluid vs. those who did not (5.2 % vs. 8.0 %, P = 0.079). Among those receiving fluids, those who did not develop PEP received a higher mean volume of fluid vs. who developed PEP (1012 ± 725 mL vs. 752 ± 783 mL, P = 0.036). Among 174 patients (37 %) who received LR, patients who did not develop PEP received a higher mean volume of LR vs. those who developed PEP (570 ± 559 mL vs. 329 ± 356 mL, P = 0.006). Length of hospital stay decreased as the volume of periprocedural volume administration increased (r = 0.16, P < 0.001).

Conclusion Higher fluid volume and lactated Ringerʼs use during the periprocedural period was associated with a decreased risk of PEP and length of hospital stay beyond rectal indomethacin in high risk patients.
Comparison of dissection speed during colorectal ESD between the novel Multiloop (M-loop) traction method and ESD methods without traction
Authors: Suzuki Yuichiro , Tanuma Tokuma , Nojima Masanori , Sudo Gota , Murakami Yuki , Ishii Tatsuya , Akahonai Masakazu , Kobayashi Yosuke , Hamamoto Hidetaka , Aoki Hironori , Harada Taku , Katanuma Akio , Nakase Hiroshi
Published: June 2020

Background and study aims We previously reported on a novel traction method called Multiloop (M-loop) for faster colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). In this study, we retrospectively compared the difference in submucosal dissection time (SDT), and submucosal dissection speed (SDS) between groups of patients who were treated using traction with the M-loop method, and with non-traction methods of colorectal ESD.

Patients and methods We reviewed and timed duration of colorectal ESD by the non-traction method from videos recorded between June 2016 and December 2017. From January 2018 onward, we used the M-loop method during all colorectal ESDs and timed it until August 2018. Outcomes of colorectal ESD with the M-loop method and non-traction methods were compared. The study involved two experts and eight non-experts and was carried out at a tertiary endoscopic center in Japan.

Results The study included 50 patients who treated with the M-loop method and 115 patients treated with the non-traction method. Submucosal dissection time (SDT) was not significantly different (M-loop group, 42.1  ±  4.2 min, non-traction ESD group, 51.9 ± 3.3 min) (P = 0.098), but submucosal dissection speed (SDS) was significantly greater (M-loop group, 28.0 ± 2.9 mm2 /min, non-traction ESD group, 19.9 ± 2.0 mm2/min) (P = 0.0014) in the M-loop method group. Multivariate analysis showed that the M-loop method increased SDS by odds ratio of 1.46 (P = 0.001) when compared to the non-traction ESD method. A significant difference was also observed for SDT and SDS when the two methods were compared after propensity score matching (P = 0.001). No differences in unfavorable outcomes were observed.

Conclusions The M-loop method improved SDS compared to non-traction methods of ESD. The method is an effective tool to assist colorectal ESD.
Computertomografie in der Rheumatologie – Update 2020
Authors: Kleyer Arnd , Bayat Sara , Simon David
Published: June 2020

Die Computertomografie (CT) ist ein dreidimensionales Bildgebungsverfahren, das sich besonders für die Darstellung des Knochens eignet. Auf Grund der häufigen knöchernen Beteiligung bei rheumatischen und muskuloskelettalen Erkrankungen ist der Einsatz für die klinische Versorgung und Forschung sinnvoll. Diese Übersichtsarbeit beschreibt den klinischen Stellenwert der hochauflösenden peripheren quantitativen Computertomografie (HR-pQCT), der Low-dose-CT sowie der Dual-Energie-CT (DECT) hinsichtlich der Diagnostik und Prognose verschiedener rheumatologischer Erkrankungen (rheumatoide Arthritis, Spondylarthropathien und Arthritis urica). Darüber hinaus wird sich auf die Bedeutung dieser bildgebenden Instrumente für die klinische Forschung fokussiert.
Neue Empfehlung für Standardmedikation
Authors: Omansen Till , Kreuels Benno
Published: June 2020

Das Buruli-Ulkus ist eine vernachlässigte Tropenkrankheit, welche durch das Mycobacterium ulcerans verursacht wird. Die Krankheit kommt in Westafrika sowie in Australien und Japan vor. Der Übertragungsweg ist nicht endgültig geklärt, M. ulcerans ist jedoch ein Umweltpathogen und die Übertragung am ehesten multifaktoriell. Die Infektion verursacht teils entstellende und in einigen Teilen der Welt stigmatisierte Hautläsionen, welche auch die Bewegungsfreiheit einschränken können 1.
Development of Nasal Mucoadhesive Microspheres of Granisetron: A
Potential Drug
Authors: Pandey Jaideo , Shankar Ravi , Kumar Manish , Shukla Kuldeep , Kumari Beena
Published: June 2020

Background Granisetron is a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor
antagonist used as an antiemetic to treat nausea and vomiting following
chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Its main effect is to reduce the activity of the
vagus nerve, which is a nerve that activates the vomiting center in the medulla
oblongata.

Objectives In this research mucoadhesive microspheres were developed in
order to carry out the absorption of drug through nasal mucosa with the aim to
improve therapeutic efficacy, avoid hepatic first pass metabolism and increase
residence time.

Material and Methods Mucoadhesive microspheres of Granisetron using
chitosan as polymer were prepared by emulsification cross-linking method to
increase the residence time on the mucosa. The surface of prepared microspheres
was characterized by SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) and evaluated for
particle size, encapsulation efficiency, production yield, swelling ability,
in-vitro mucoadhesion, in-vitro drug release and stability
study.

Result Among all the formulations F6 with drug/polymer ratio of
1:3 displayed the best result. On drug release kinetic model study, all the
formulations follow Zero order. Stability studies revealed that the microspheres
kept at 25±2°C and 60±5% RH showed the maximum
stability.

Conclusion After all the evaluation parameters and result obtained it can
be said that these results confirmed the suitability of Granisetron mucoadhesive
chitosan microspheres for nasal delivery system.
Microsurgical Treatment of 86 Anterior Choroidal Artery Aneurysms: Analysis of Factors Influencing the Prognosis
Authors: Lu Chunli , Feng Yugong , Li Huanting , Li Shifang , Gu Lingwen , Liu Wei , Zhang Pining , Zhang Hongliang , Lu Donglin
Published: June 2020

Purpose To explore factors affecting the prognosis of choroidal anterior artery aneurysm (AChAA) and provide a reference for improving the postoperative outcome.

Methods The clinical data of 86 patients with AChAA who underwent treatment by a single surgeon were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted to examine 12 factors that possibly affected outcome.

Results The five factors that affected the patient outcomes were times of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), characteristics of SAH on computed tomography (CT), Hunt-Hess grade, aneurysm size, and presence or absence of postoperative complications. Characteristics of SAH on CT (odds ratio [OR]: 3.727; p = 0.000; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.850–7.508), aneurysm size (OR: 6.335; p = 0.000; 95% CI, 2.564–15.647), and presence or absence of postoperative complications (OR: 4.141; p = 0.000; 95% CI, 1.995–8.599) were independent risk factors influencing the prognosis. In addition, the incidence of postoperative ischemia (caused by anterior choroidal artery syndrome) is related to the aneurysm emitting part and presence or absence of intraoperative rupture.

Conclusions The analysis of characteristics of SAH on CT, aneurysm size, and presence or absence of postoperative complications can roughly determine the outcome of patients with AChAAs.
A Case of Myoclonic Epilepsy Presenting with Status Epilepticus in an Elderly Male Patient
Authors: Onder Halil
Published: June 2020

Myoclonic epilepsy in the form of status epilepticus is an extremely rare reported presentation. Herein, we describe an 87-year old male patient presenting with abrupt-onset rhythmic myoclonic jerks that were evaluated as synchronous positive and negative myoclonus. Further etiological investigations revealed that the myoclonus was associated with ictogenesis, and appropriate antiepileptic treatment provided total cessation of the movements. To my knowledge, this is a unique case of myoclonic status epilepticus in an elderly patient, which may have been associated with a cerebrovascular disease. In the presentation of this case, we will review the related literature and discuss some considerations to explain the pathophysiology of epileptic myoclonic movements and the possible role of pontine lesions.
The Assassination of Anton Cermak, Mayor of Chicago: A Review of His Postinjury Medical Care
Authors: Pappas Theodore N.
Published: June 2020

Anton Cermak was the mayor of Chicago in the 1930s. He was injured by an assassin's bullet intended for the president-elect, Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Cermak was taken to a local hospital, treated nonoperatively for his injuries, and initially improved. Cermak's condition deteriorated on the sixth day postinjury, with symptoms that his doctors described as colitis. He died of sepsis on the 19th day after the shooting, and his autopsy revealed a perforated colon causing peritonitis. This study will review Cermak's clinical course and autopsy findings to determine if he died of his gunshot wound or if he died of complications of toxic colitis.
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns and Prevalence of Streptococcus Agalactiae Rectovaginal Colonization Among Pregnant Women in Iran
Authors: Dashtizade Mina , Zolfaghari Mohammad Reza , Yousefi Masoud , Nazari-Alam Ali
Published: June 2020

Objective Streptococcus agalactiae is an important pathogen in neonates and pregnant women. Neonatal invasive infections due to S. agalactiae are life-threatening and preventive strategies for this challenge of human have become a concern. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of rectovaginal colonization, related risk factors and antibiotic resistance pattern of S. agalactiae among pregnant women in Iran.

Methods The present study was performed on 240 pregnant women. Vaginal and rectal swabs were obtained from all of the women and then were transferred to the laboratory. The isolation and identification of S. agalactiae was performed by standard microbiological tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolates were determined by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect ermB and mefA genes in erythromycin-nonsusceptible isolates.

Results Out of 240 pregnant women, 16 cases (6.7%) were colonized by S. agalactiae. There is no significant association between demographic-obstetric factors and maternal S. agalactiae colonization in the pregnant women. Linezolid, vancomycin and ampicillin were the most effective antibiotics against S. agalactiae. The ermB gene was present in 6 (35.29%) S. agalactiae isolates. However, the mefA gene was not detected in any of the isolates.

Conclusion Given the relatively significant prevalence of S. agalactiae colonization in the pregnant women in the present study and the risk of serious neonatal infections, the screening of pregnant mothers for the bacteria seems necessary. Our findings highlight the importance of appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis during pregnancy for the prevention of early onset S. agalactiae-neonatal infection and comorbidity.
Intrapancreatic Accessory Spleen Masquerading as a Pancreatic Mucinous Neoplasm
Authors: Poola Shiva , Laks Shachar , Kragel Peter , Regan Kara
Published: June 2020

Incidentally discovered pancreatic cysts have become more common with increasing use of abdominal cross-sectional imaging. Tools that help us to better risk stratify a pancreatic cyst include advanced imaging techniques, such as pancreatic protocol computed tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with cholangiopancreatography. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) are invasive measures to better define and sample cysts especially if high-risk features are present. EUS may also yield pancreatic cyst fluid for analysis of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) which is elevated in mucinous cysts. This case highlights a rare finding of a mucinous, epidermoid cyst in an intrapancreatic accessory spleen (IPAS) with high-risk features on EUS.
Screening for Preeclampsia in the First Trimester and Aspirin Prophylaxis: Our First Year
Authors: Lourenço Inês , Gomes Helena , Ribeiro Joana , Caeiro Filipa , Rocha Pedro , Francisco Carla
Published: June 2020

Objective Preeclampsia is a major cause of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Our objective is to assess the performance of a combined screening test for preeclampsia in the first trimester and the prophylactic use of low-dose aspirin.

Methods Prospective study of all women attending our hospital for the first-trimester screening of aneuploidies, between March 2017 and February 2018 (n = 1,297). The exclusion criteria were multiple pregnancy and major fetal abnormalities. Preeclampsia screening was performed with an algorithm that includes maternal characteristics, and biophysical and biochemical biomarkers. High-risk was defined as a risk ≥ 1:50 of early-onset preeclampsia (before 34 weeks), in which cases low-dose aspirin (150 mg at night) was offered to these women from screening until 36 weeks.

Results From the 1,272 enrolled participants, the majority were Caucasian (1,051; 82.6%) and multiparous (658, 51.7%). Fifty patients (3.9%) screened high-risk for preeclampsia, and all started a low-dose aspirin regimen, with good compliance (96%). Early-onset preeclampsia was found in 3 pregnant women (0.24%), and total preeclampsia was diagnosed in 25 (2.02%), compared with 28 (0.75%) cases of early preeclampsia (p = 0.0099) and 98 (2.62%) of total preeclampsia (p = 0.2904) before the implementation of screening.

Conclusion There was a lower incidence of both, early-onset and total preeclampsia, after the introduction of universal screening and prophylactic use of low-dose aspirin. This reduction was statistically significant in early-onset preeclampsia. The association of a first-trimester combined screening model and aspirin prophylaxis appears to be useful in predicting and reducing the incidence of early-onset preeclampsia, in a routine care setting.
Twin Pregnancies, Crown-rump Length and Birthweight Discordancy: The Influence of Chorionicity
Authors: Nunes Joana Sousa , Sousa Mário , Montenegro Nuno , Matias Alexandra
Published: June 2020

Objective The purpose of the present study was to analyze the influence of chorionicity in the biometric parameters crown-rump length (CRL), birthweight (BW), crown-rump length discordancy (CRLD) and birthweight discordancy (BWD), determine the correlation between these latter two in cases of intertwin discordancy, and to analyze the influence of chronicity in the presence of these discordancies with clinical relevance (> 10% and > 15%, respectively).

Methods The present study was a retrospective study based on the twin pregnancy database of the Centro Hospitalar S. João (2010–2015), including 486 fetuses among 66 monochorionic (MC) and 177 dichorionic gestations (DC). The inclusion criteria were multiple pregnancies with 2 fetuses and healthy twin gestations. The exclusion criteria were trichorionic gestations and pregnancies with inconclusive chorionicity, multiple pregnancy with ≥ 3 fetuses and pathological twin gestations.

Results No statistically significant difference was found in BW (p = 0.09) and in its discordancy (p = 0.06) nor in CRL (p = 0.48) and its discordancy (p = 0.74) between MCs and DCs. Crown-rump length discordancy and birthweight discordancy were correlated by the regression line “BWD = 0.8864 x CRLD + 0.0743,” with r2  = 0.1599. Crown-rump length discordancy > 10% was found in 7.58% of monochorionic and in 13.56% of dichorionic twins. Birthweight discordancy > 15% was detected in 16.67% of monochorionic and in 31.64% of dichorionic twins.

Conclusion No statistically significant influence of chorionicity was identified in both birthweight and birthweight discordancy, as in crown-rump length and crown-rump length discordancy. Birthweight discordancy was correlated to crown-rump length discordancy in 20% of cases.
Does Mode of Surgical Intervention Based on Oncotype DX Score Influence Disease Recurrence in Early Breast Cancer?
Authors: Aherne T. M. , Boland M. R. , Catargiu D. , Bashar K. , McVeigh T. P. , Brodie C. , Sweeney K. J.
Published: June 2020

Introduction Routine utilization of multigene assays to inform operative decision-making in early breast cancer (EBC) treatment is yet to be established. In this pilot study, we sought to establish the potential benefits of surgical intervention in EBC based on recurrence risk quantification using the Oncotype DX (ODX) assay.

Materials and Methods Consecutive ODX tests performed over a 9-year period from October 2007 to May 2016 were evaluated. Oncotype scores were classified into high (≥31), medium (18–30), or low-risk (0–17) groups. The primary outcome was breast cancer recurrence. Subgroup analysis offered assessment of the recurrence effect of mode of surgical intervention for patient groups as defined by the oncotype score.

Results In total 361 patients underwent ODX testing. The mean age and follow-up were 55.25 (± 10.58) years and 38.59 (± 29.1) months, respectively. The majority of patients underwent wide local excision (86.7%) with 8.9 and 4.4% patients having a mastectomy or wide local excision with completion mastectomy, respectively. Fifty-one percent of patients fell into the low risk ODX category with a further 40.2 and 8.5% deemed to be of intermediate and high risk. Five patients (1.38%) had disease recurrence. Comparative analysis of operative groups in each oncotype group revealed no difference in recurrence scores in the low- (p = 0.84) and high-risk groups (p = 0.92) with a statistically significant difference identified in the intermediate risk group (p = 0.002).

Conclusion To date we have been unable to definitively identify a role for ODX in guiding surgical approach in EBC. There is, however, a need for larger studies to examine this hypothesis.
Maternal and Sociodemographic Factors Influence the Consumption of Ultraprocessed and Minimally-Processed Foods in Pregnant Women
Authors: Pereira Monique Tavares , Cattafesta Monica , Santos Neto Edson Theodoro dos , Salaroli Luciane Bresciani
Published: June 2020

Objective To analyze the consumption of minimally-processed and ultraprocessed foods in relation with sociodemographic variables, maternal habits, educational activity received during prenatal care and clinical history.

Methods A cross-sectional, analytical and descriptive study with 1,035 pregnant women who lives in the municipalities of the metropolitan region of Grande Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil (RMGV-ES), and who were hospitalized in establishments of the Unified Health System (SUS) due to childbirth (April–September 2010). The food frequency questionnaire, pregnant woman's card and information from the medical records of the health facility unit were analyzed. The Chi-square test and the binary logistic regression model were used to investigate the association between the independent variables and the consumption of ultraprocessed foods.

Results It was identified that pregnant women ≤19 years of age were 2.9 times more likely to consume ultraprocessed foods (confidence interval [CI] 95% 1.683–5.168, p < 0.001), while those ≥35 years old were less likely to consume them (odds ratio [OR] 0.265, 95% CI 0.105–0.666, p = 0.005). Maternal smoking increased the odds of consumption of ultraprocessed foods by 2.2 times (95% CI 1.202–4.199, p = 0.011) and pregnant women who did not obtain information on healthy food during prenatal care presented 54.1% less chances of consuming minimally-processed foods (OR 0.459, 95% CI 0.307–0.687, p < 0.001).

Conclusion Smoking during the gestational period and being a teenager are factors that influence the consumption of ultraprocessed foods of pregnant women. Race/color, head of household, age group, receiving of information about feeding in the prenatal period and not having smoked in gestation determined the consumption of minimally-processed foods.
Endoscopic Transorbital Approaches to Anterior and Middle Cranial Fossa: A Laboratory Investigation on Surgical Anatomy and Potential Routes
Authors: Nannavecchia Beniamino A. , Ganau Mario , Cebula Hélène , Scibilia Antonino , Bozzi Maria T. , Zaed Ismail , Gallinaro Paolo , Boujan Fazel , Dietemann Jean-Louis , Djennaoui Idir , Debry Christian , Ligarotti Gianfranco K.I. , Signorelli Francesco , Proust Francois , Chibbaro Salvatore
Published: June 2020

Background Transorbital neuroendoscopic (TONES) approaches promise to open up new horizons for skull base surgery, offering alternative routes to reach the anterior and middle cranial fossa (ACF and MCF, respectively).

Objective The aim of this anatomical study is to acquire new surgical anatomy knowledge and exploit it for the refinement of TONES approaches, as an alternative to open surgery, to reduce the distance to the target, and the risk of neurovascular lesions in pathological conditions extending beyond the orbital cavity.

Materials and Methods Six head specimens (12 orbits) were studied/dissected. The orbit was approached and divided in a four clockwise quadrants manner to simulate three transconjunctival routes: the precaruncular (PC), preseptal (PS), and lateral retrocanthal (LRC), and one transpalpebral route—the superior eyelid crease (SLC). The boundaries and the most important anatomical landmarks were identified and are herein duly detailed with particular attention to the neurovascular structures encountered in each of those routes.

Results The dissections showed that the PC approach facilitates the treatment of optic nerve and frontal sinus pathologies, whereas LRC appears safer to reach ACF and MCF allowing for a free multiplanar working channel (up to 180 degrees) to the floor, roof, and lateral-to-medial walls.

Conclusion The plane of tendon lateral canthal's insertion and the sphenofrontal suture (SFS) were identified as the key anatomical landmarks for TONES approaches. Further studies are warranted to establish a practical clinical algorithm based on the anatomical four clockwise quadrants herein implemented/proposed, and the key surgical landmarks identified.
Endosomal signaling of delta opioid receptors is an endogenous mechanism and therapeutic target for relief from inflammatory pain
Authors: Jimenez-Vargas Nestor N. , Gong Jing , Wisdom Matthew J. , Jensen Dane D. , Latorre Rocco , Hegron Alan , Teng Shavonne , DiCello Jesse J. , Rajasekhar Pradeep , Veldhuis Nicholas A. , Carbone Simona E. , Yu Yang , Lopez-Lopez Cintya , Jaramillo-Polanco Josue , Canals Meritxell , Reed David E. , Lomax Alan E. , Schmidt Brian L. , Leong Kam W. , Vanner Stephen J. , Halls Michelle L. , Bunnett Nigel W. , Poole Daniel P.
Published: June 2020

Significance

G protein-coupled receptors are considered to function principally at the cell surface. We present evidence that the δ-opioid receptor (DOPr) signals from endosomes to cause a sustained inhibition of pain. Opioids from the inflamed human and mouse colon, along with selective agonists that evoked DOPr internalization, inhibited the excitability of nociceptors by a mechanism requiring DOPr endocytosis. DOPr in endosomes generated a subset of signals in subcellular compartments that inhibited neuronal excitability. A DOPr agonist that was encapsulated into nanoparticles designed to selectively activate DOPr in endosomes of nociceptors caused a long-lasting inhibition of neuronal excitability and pain. Our results support the hypothesis that endosomal signaling of DOPr is an endogenous mechanism and therapeutic target for relief from inflammatory pain.
Incongruity-resolution humorous strategies in image macro memes
Authors: Yus Francisco
Published: June 2020

In previous research (Yus 2016, 2017), a classification of jokes was proposed depending on how the humorous incongruity-resolution strategy was achieved. Twelve cases were isolated resulting from the combination of several parameters: (1) a differentiation between discourse-based incongruities and frame-based incongruities; (2) the location of the incongruity-triggering element (setup or punchline); and (3) three types of resolution: discourse-, frame- and implication-based. This paper proposes a similar taxonomy of incongruity-resolution patterns for a specific type of internet discourse: the image macro meme. The resulting seven-case taxonomy inherits some of the features of that were proposed for verbal jokes, albeit exhibiting the extent to which the image plays a specific role in the successful meme-centred humorous strategy.
Extracting Earth’s orbital period from atmospheric
CO2 concentrations using the Fourier transform based on
Matlab
Authors: Pili Unofre B , Violanda Renante R
Published: June 2020

The oscillating atmospheric CO2 concentrations at Mauna Loa, on the
island of Hawaii, Hawaii, United States of America, are Fourier transformed in
order to extract the period of oscillations. Also well-known as the Keeling
curve, CO2 concentrations (in time series) at Mauna Loa oscillate in
direct association with seasonal fluctuations in the northern hemisphere. Thus,
the period of oscillations of atmospheric CO2 concentrations is equal
to Earth’s orbital period. In error by only 3.1%, we obtained 11.63
months. With the oscillating and increasing trend of the Keeling curve being
directly associated with Earth’s geography, vegetation, photosynthesis,
the seasons, global warming, and climate change, the current work is perceived
as an enriching activity on the application of Fourier transformation—and
on a non-Newtonian approach to determining an astronomical quantity.
Buquoy’s problem in an introductory physics course
Authors: Kodejška Č , Richterek L , Říha J
Published: June 2020

The Buquoy’s problem represents an interesting example of a one-dimensional motion in which a uniform thin fibre is pulled upwards from a horizontal plane by a constant vertical force exerted against the homogeneous gravitational field. The problem includes several interesting concepts that are developed within the introductory university physics course, like motion with a variable mass, the use of the effective potential and a solution of a non-linear ODE of the second order, which provides an opportunity for some numerical modelling of the motion. It is a specific example of damped oscillations and according to our experience it can be discussed e.g. within a course in classical mechanics. Our contribution concentrates on the correspondence between a theoretical model and the experimental realization of this problem, which can be demonstrated in a standard classroom. In our set, the upward force is represented by buoyancy acting on a helium filled balloon. The experiment helps to develop some other competences of the students and naturally leads to a little bit more general mathematical model with an equation of motion that includes the constant mass of the helium ball and the dumping resistance force.
Imaginary formations of teachers in the initial years of elementary education on physics and their teaching in a continued training program
Authors: Corrêa de Lima S , Nardi R
Published: June 2020

We present here part of outcomes of research that was carried out in a public school, through a partnership with the university which was willing to advise teachers in the initial years of elementary education, acting in the first and second cycles, in matters related to the teaching of Sciences, particularly Physics. The design of the program was determined by the “imaginary formations” presented by the teachers during an Initial Focus Group (IFG), which permitted to ascertain teacher training needs, their conceptions and desires related to Physics and Science Teaching. The study is grounded on theoretical-methodological references in French Discourse Analysis. The main imaginary formations detected with regard to Science Teaching in the context of the course were: “experiments draw student attention and break the routine of the ordinary classes”; “Themes in Science related to the Universe are attractive for the student”; “The advice of a specialist in the area has helped a lot”; “Unlike a lecture given when a specialist shows up at school.” In addition, the IFG allowed us to verify imaginary formations present in the teachers’ discourses, full of discrepancies between what the Curriculum of Sciences proposes in the initial and final cycles of the early years of elementary education in the State of Minas Gerais, and how teachers understand that curriculum for the preparation of lesson plans. Regarding the “imaginary formations” of teachers related to science, we found at the beginning and at the end of the program that aspects of an empirical-inductive vision prevailed (the role of observation and experimentation are highlighted), a rigid view of scientific activities and the scientific method is considered as a set of steps to be followed). And we understand that there were signs of “imaginary formations” of science as the work of geniuses, but scientists do not have to live “in isolation” from the world, for they are ordinary people, like teachers, and research phenomena that do not necessarily have to be investigated in the laboratory. In addition, we have realized at the end of the process that the teachers in the sample show that there is evidence of a constant reconstruction of Science.
Undergraduate students’ difficulties with motion of objects on horizontal and inclined surfaces
Authors: Phage I
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the conceptual knowledge of the motion of two objects on an inclined and/or horizontal surface, in undergraduate physics students at the Central University of Technology, Free State (CUT), Bloemfontein campus. The study was conducted with 103 introductory to physics students in B.Ed. (FET) Natural Science programme in the faculty of Humanities as respondents. A pre-test was administered to test and investigate the students’ existing knowledge and was based on the concept of problem-solving. The results indicated that the majority (more than 80%) of students had major difficulties with where and how to start in order to solve the problems. They lacked basic knowledge of free-body diagram and vector analysis, as a result, they could not apply or deduce equations to solve. A follow-up remedial intervention was conducted to clear up the confusion and to assist them to acquire necessary and basic skills and knowledge of vector analysis, viz., free-body diagram, finding vertical and horizontal components of vectors, equilibrium conditions as well application of Newton’s Second law of motion. With this skill, they were introduced to deriving equations to calculate the acceleration of the objects and the tension of the wire connecting them (mathematical skills). A post-test was administered and the results indicated a great improvement (more than 70%) in the vector analysis and mathematical application of vectors in problem solving. Follow-up interviews indicated deficiencies and confusion from their previous learning, although some students (about 30% of the 70%) indicated that they need to be taught the concept first before the test. Their reasoning was they forgot the concept.
Thai pre-service physics teachers’ understanding of seeing an object
Authors: Kaewkhong K
Published: June 2020

The important role of Faculty of Education, Chiang Mai University, Thailand, is to prepare smart teachers in the future of Thailand. In 2018, the 50 Thai pre-service physics teachers had been trained by a workshop on active learning in optics and exposed to the concept of light as early as the primary level of training. A set of 4 conceptual questions on seeing objects in different situations was presented to these pre-service physics teachers. They were asked to draw a ray diagram and explain how they see 1) an object which can illuminate light by itself, 2) an object reflecting light from other light sources, 3) an object in a dark room (light cannot pass through) and 4) a beam of LASER.. Pre-service physics teachers’ understandings were classified by determining their explanations and ray diagrams. Misconceptions about light propagation and human eyes were also approached. Surprisingly, we found that most of them confused in using a ray diagram to explain how objects are seen and how light propagate into eyes. Most of them still have some misconceptions about seeing, they believe eyes can adjust to see objects in a completely dark room.
A Classification Scheme for Basic Physics Concepts: Learning and Thinking from Neurodevelopmental Science Perspective
Authors: Chekuri N R
Published: June 2020

Conscious learning begins from the moment the neurosensors act on events in the physical-sociocultural (PSC) environment to create their mental representations. The sensors convert various forms of energies in the events into patterned electric signals; neural pathways carry those signals to the different parts of the brain to form new neural circuits and/or modify the existing circuits by leaving biochemical traces, which serve as memory; and the learning continues until the self-regulating “thought processes” associate new thoughts with the active circuits that contain the event information, in an emotional context. These thoughts, the thought processes, the corresponding neural circuits, and the actions continue to develop non-linearly, by following a set of transformation rules, from reflexes through abstract principles, which are the result of nested reciprocal influences, owing to further life-time experiences in the PSC environment. Using this frame work, the paper analyzes basic physics concepts to classify them into a hierarchically-complex scheme and proposes a mechanism for how a concept is associated with a set of patterns in the event-information, and how simpler concepts develop into more complex concepts using “Concepts Developmental Equations” (CDE).