bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the discoloration potential of Propolis extract and Morus nigra syrup on restorative dental composites: an in vitro study
Authors: ÇELİK Zeynep Ceren , ELBEK ÇUBUKÇU Çiğdem , BATMAZ Sevde Gül
Published: April 2023

Aim: The aim of this study was to analyse color stability of dental composites immersed in Propolis extract and Morus nigra syrup at in-vitro conditions simulating clinical usage time intervals and to explore the relationship between discoloration potential and phenolic contents. Material and Method: A total of 126 composite discs of nanohybrid (n=42), microfilled (n=42) and microhybrid (n=42) were prepared using a Teflon mold with a diameter/thickness of 6 mm/2 mm. After polishing procedures, composites were subdivided into three and immersed into %15 Propolis extract with total phenolic content=53 mg GAE/ml (B’eeo, İstanbul) and Morus nigra syrup with total phenolic content=25 mg GAE/100 g dw (Hünnap, İstanbul) and distilled water for 12 hours(T1) and 24 hours (T2) simulating 1-year and 2-year time spans respectively. Color measurements were performed by Vita easy Shade Compact (Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Sackingen, Germany) prior to immersion and analysed by CIEDE2000 formula. Result: Between T0 and T2, minimum/maximum color change values (ΔE) of nanohybrid, microfilled and microhybrid composites immersed in Propolis and Morus nigra syrup were 1,24/5,29 and 0,97/2,65 respectively. Nanohybrid composite discs were discolored within clinically acceptable limits in all test solutions. Microfilled and microhybrid composite discs showed clinically unacceptable discoloration at T1 and T2 periods in Propolis extract solution. Conclusion: The phenolic and flavonoid components of herbal formulations can be considered as one of the major determinants in discoloring potential.
Which of the three different intramedullary nail designs is superior in the treatment of femoral shaft fractures?
Authors: ALIÇ Taner , GÜLER Cemal , ÇALBIYIK Murat , HASSA Ercan
Published: April 2023

Aim: The aim of this study a retrospective comparison was the clinical and radiological results results of patients with femoral shaft fracture made oftreated with three different types of intramedullary nail (IMN). Material and Method: The study included 54 patients operated on in our clinic because of femoral shaft fracture. The records were retrospectively examined of 18 patients applied with locked IMN (LIMN), 17 with blade expandable IMN (BEIMN), and 19 with talon distalfix IMN (TDIMN). The groups were compared statistically in respect of age, gender, BMI, affected side, operating time (mins), radiation exposure (number of shots), time to union (weeks), visual analog scale (VAS) score, soft tissue problems associated with implant irritation, amount of shortening (mm), coronal, sagittal and torsional angulation (degrees). Results: The mean VAS score of the TDIMN group was determined to be statistically significantly higher than that of the LIMN and BEIMN groups (p=0.008, p=0.045). The operating times were similar in the BEIN and TDIMN groups (p=0.768) and significantly shorter than in the LIMN group (p
Factors predicting the motivation to study abroad in Turkish medical students: a causal investigation into the problem of brain drain
Authors: ERDOĞAN KAYA Ayşe , ERDOĞAN AKTÜRK Beyza , ASLAN Eda
Published: April 2023

Aim: We aimed to examine the frequency of plans to practice medicine abroad in medical school students and the related variables, in relation to the recently increasing brain drain in physicians in our country.

Material and Method: A total of 82 volunteer students in the 5th and 6th grades were included in the study. Our study is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was directed to the participants about sociodemographic data, attitudes towards the medical profession, the reasons that make it difficult to practice medicine in our country, the idea of ​​working abroad, and the attractive features of abroad opportunities for students. In addition, the World Health Organization Quality-of-Life Scale (WHOQOL-Bref) to measure the quality of life of the students and the Perceived Stress Scale-14 (PSS-14) to measure the stress level were applied. The data were analyzed in SPSS (21.0) program.

Results: 56% Of the participants were female (n=46), 44% (n=39) were male, and the mean age was 24.07 ±1.65. Majority of the students (94%, n=77) stated that they thought of doing medicine abroad, and nearly half of them (46%, n=38) stated that they were determined on this issue. The answers given by the students to the question why they preferred medical school were as follows: Job guarantee (79%), income comfort (77%) and prestige (70%). Majority of the participants stated that they felt regret from time to time for choosing medical school (58.5%, n=48) and 45% (n=37) stated that they thought of leaving medical school in the past. The following answers were frequently given to the question of the most important reasons that make it difficult to practice the profession of medicine in our country: Heavy working conditions and long working hours (90%), verbal/physical violence against physicians (87%), mobbing and pressure applied by seniors/administrators in the workplace. (67%). The countries respondents considered to immigrate frequently were: Germany, UK and USA. The mean PSS-14 score of the participants was found to be 1.98±0.49, and there was no significant difference between those who thought to practice medicine abroad and those who did not. In the Pearson correlation test, it was determined that there was a significant and negative correlation between the WHOQOL-Bref and PSS-14 scores (r=-0.620, p
The difference of the concept of «diseas»" in the context of public health : (part 2 – experimental research)
Authors:   State Institution ", Pashynska S.L. ,   O.M. Marzіeiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMSU", Antomonov M.Yu. ,   State Institution "O.M. Marzіeiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMSU", Berdnyk O.V. ,   State Institution "O.M. Marzіeiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMSU", Skochko T.P. ,   State Institution "O.M. Marzіeiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMSU", Rudnytska O.P. ,   State Institution "O.M. Marzіeiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMSU"
Published: April 2023

Target. From the standpoint of public health, determine and analyze the ratio of various components of health disorders, namely biometric (disease), social (sickness), and its self-esteem (illness). Materials and methods. The source of the initial information was the survey data of the adult population. All questionnaire questions related to three manifestations of the health disorders: "disease", "illness", "sickness. Mathematical methods were used for the integral assessment of the components of health disorders, determination of the relationship between them and analysis of the obtained results. Results. For public health, which is the most socially oriented branch of medicine, it is extremely important to take into account not only biomedical (disease), but also social (sickness) aspects of the disease, as well as its self-esteem (illness). In this research, we considered the combination and relationship of various manifestations of the disease in Tweddle's triad, and conducted a comparative analysis of its components. It was established that the relationships between various forms of ill health depend on both the age and gender of the respondents. This must be considered, because knowledge of the ratio and relationship of the components of Tweddle's triad is necessary for the development of the most effective ways to overcome diseases and improve health. Considering the components of Tweddle's triad, namely, disease, illness and sickness, is extremely important for medicine, social policy and the health care system in general.
Chemical pollution of atmospheric air and modern policy of its quality at the international level and in the leading countries of the world (review of literature and regulatory data)
Authors:   State Institution ", Chernychenko I.O. ,   O.M. Marzіeiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMSU", Balenko N.V. ,   State Institution "O.M. Marzіeiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMSU", Lytvychenko O.M. ,   State Institution "O.M. Marzіeiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMSU", Babii V.F. ,   State Institution "O.M. Marzіeiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMSU", Kondratenko O.Ye. ,   State Institution "O.M. Marzіeiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMSU", Hlavachek D.O. ,   State Institution "O.M. Marzіeiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMSU"
Published: April 2023

Purpose: based on the analysis of literature data and regulatory documents, priority ways of preventing chemical pollution of atmospheric air and assessing its quality in the EU countries and the USA were identified. Materials and methods: sources of scientific literature, EU Directives, Materials of the European Air Protection Agency. The method of theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific information is used. Results: the leading role of chemical air pollution in the formation of population morbidity, the impact on public health in general and oncological pathology in particular is shown. An analysis of the discussion of the problem at international conferences and forums was carried out, a number of declarations and air quality standards were considered. The air quality standards for the protection of public health, recommended in the Quality Directives in the European Union, are given. The air quality standards (limit concentrations and reference concentrations of harmful impurities in the air) recommended by the WHO are given. The conclusion about the need to harmonize the domestic regulatory framework to EU standards is made and the main directions for actions aimed at minimizing the negative impact of chemical air pollution on the population are identified.
Theoretical and practical significance of scientific research by The Institute of Public Health of the NAMS of Ukraine
Authors:   State Institution ", Polka N.S. ,   O.M. Marzіeiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMSU", Savina R.V. ,   State Institution "O.M. Marzіeiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMSU", Rudnytska O.P. ,   State Institution "O.M. Marzіeiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMSU", Korkach V.S. ,   State Institution "O.M. Marzіeiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMSU", Melchenko Yu.V. ,   State Institution "O.M. Marzіeiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMSU", Leikykh S.V. ,   State Institution "O.M. Marzіeiev Institute for Public Health of the NAMSU", Novokhatska S.M. ,   Martyshchenko N.V., Martyshchenko N.V. ,   Martyshchenko N.V.
Published: April 2023

Objective: analytical study of scientific achievements by Institute's specialists in the field of prevention of non-communicable and infectious diseases of the population caused by negative impact of environmental and social factors of living conditions, based on the results of research work and their implementation. Materials and methods: scientific reports, acts of implementation of the results of scientific research works. The research uses a system-analytical method. Research results: The results of research conducted at the Institute for the last three years were analyzed. The physical, chemical, and social factors, life conditions of different segments of the population have been assessed and their negative impact on health has been proven. A number of scientifically substantiated regulatory and methodological instructive and information documents have been developed aimed at minimizing harmful environmental factors and preventing diseases in the population.
Аналіз переваг та недоліків застосування інтерактивних методів навчання у підготовці майбутніх лікарів
Authors: Гриценко Олена , Копчак Оксана
Published: April 2023

Спершу пандемія COVID-19, а потім війна в Україні поставили під загрозу безперервне навчання та випуск лікарів в університетах. Сьогодні оптимізація медичного навчання є одним із найбільш актуальних питань, що стоять перед вищою освітою. Студенти повинні мати різноманітне навчання, щоб бути здатними впоратися з різними  життєвими обставинами. Для цього навчальні заклади повинні трансформуватися відповідно до сучасних реалій, щоб краще підготувати студентів до життя у складному світі.
The impact of social capital on the ability of households’ access to credit services in rural Vietnam
Authors:   University of Labour and Social Affairs, Ho Chi Minh City campus, Vietnam, Au Thi Hai Nguyen
Published: April 2023

Social capital plays a crucial role in assisting rural households to improve incomes. It is, therefore, necessary to conduct research to find ways improving the ability of households' access to credit services. This paper investigates the impact of social capital on the ability of households' access to formal and informal credit services in rural areas in Vietnam. In the research model, social capital is proxied by the number of household members participating in mass organizations and social groups. Univariate Probit and Bivariate Probit models are applied, with data collected from three waves of Vietnam Access to Resources Household Survey - VARHS (2014, 2016 and 2018). The estimation results indicate that the number of household members participating in mass organizations and social groups positively affects the ability of households' access to both formal and informal credit services. The results are robust when changing the sample. The study also proves that for rural households, formal credit and informal credit are interchangeable. One policy implication from the findings of the study is that rural population should be given more favourable conditions to join mass organizations and social groups to improve access to credit services. Another implication is that sources and forms of formal credit should be diverse so that rural households are able to increase access to formal credit and decrease access to informal credit.
Venezuela: A Thorny Road to Democracy
Authors:   Institute of Latin America of the Russian Academy of Science, Dabagyan Emil
Published: April 2023

A recent history of the democratic process in Venezuela can be roughly divided into three main stages though admitting certain simplifications in the interest of a better visualization of the trend. The first stage is au-thoritarian, which, in fact, lasted half a century (from 1908 to 1958). During this period, the dictators Juan Vicente Gomez (1908–1935) and Marcos Perez Jimenez (1952–1958), in particular, were in power. In 1959, the process of democratization began in the country, during which the leaders of the main political parties were occupying the pres-idential chair within the terms stipulated by Constitution. This period lasted approximately 40 years. Then the «democratic curtain» over the internal political «theater» of Venezuela fell again. Amidst mass social unrest, the military came to power, though not as a result of a tradi-tional military coup but through a legal, electoral way. Regardless, as subsequent events showed, a respect for democratic values was not part of their plans. The main purpose of this article is a brief review of the periods noted above, which, in our opinion, could clearly confirm the viability of the well-known thesis: «Democracy must be able to defend itself».
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СТРУКТУРИ ПРОЄКТУ ІЗ ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ ПАТЕРНІВ ПРОЄКТУВАННЯ PAGE OBJECT ТА PAGE FACTORY
Authors: ГАРАСИМІВ Віра , ГАРАСИМІВ Тарас
Published: April 2023

Стаття присвячена дослідженню особливостей структури проєктів із використанням патернів проєктування Page Object та Page Factory для написання авто-тестів. У якості мови програмування обрано об’єктно-орієнтовану мову програмування Java, а проєкти створено в IntelliJ IDEA. Розглянуто тест кейс створення нового акаунту на сайті. Написано відповідні авто-тести із використанням патернів проєктування PageObject та PageFactory та із застосуванням програмних бібліотек Selenium-java, WebDriverManager та фреймворку TestNG. Інформація, яка є необхідною для успішного створення нового акаунту на сайті, зчитується з файлу, який має розширення properties та зберігається у папці resources. Сформано звіт успішності проходження представленого авто-тесту. Кожну сторінку веб-додатку представлено окремим класом, в якому знаходяться методи, що будуть працювати з ними. Веб-елементи є прихованими (private) та зберігаються окремо у проєкті, де використано лише патерн проєктування Page Object. Методи класів сторінок повертають нові об’єкти класів сторінок відповідно до написаного тестового сценарію. Скрипт авто-тестів відокремлено від веб-елементів та методів, що імітують дії користувача. Також використовуючи анотації @BeforeSuite, @AfterSuite та @BeforeClass, створені методи, які відповідають початку та завершенню кожного тестового набору. Наведено структури проєктів із використанням патерну Page Object та Page Factory. Так як патерн проєктування Page Factory є добре оптимізованим та використовується для ініціалізації об’єктів сторінки або для створення об’єкта самої сторінки, він спрощує структуру проєкту. Веб-елементи відповідних сторінок зберігаються у відповідних класах, в не окремо від них.
Fabry disease as a cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Moiseev S. , Tao E. , Moiseev A. , Mershina E. , Sholomova V. , Bulanov N. , Pavlikova E. , Fomin V.
Published: April 2023

To evaluate the occurence of cardiac phenotype imitating hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCMP) in adult patients with Fabry disease.
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis: common features and differences
Authors: Litvinova M. , Bulanov N. , Novikov P. , Vlasenko N. , Filatova E. , Kurginyan K. , Skvortsov A. , Moiseev S.
Published: April 2023

Patients with ANCA-associated vasculitides usually present with similar clinical manifestations (fever, joint pain, lung and kidney diseases, purpura, etc.). However, signs of granulomatosis inflammation of the upper and lower respiratory tract and/or orbit allow to differentiate granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) from microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). Circulating ANCAs are the key laboratory sign of ANCA-associated vasculitis, although they can be negative in a proportion of patients and can be found in patients with other diseases. GPA is usually associated with ANCAs againts proteinase-3, whereas ANCAs against myeloperoxidase are more common in patients with MPA. The authors present two patients with ANCA-associated vasculitides and discuss the common clinical features and differences between GPA and MPA and new classification criteria.
СИМВОЛЬНА МОВА КОЛЬОРІВ ПЕРВІСНОЇ ГАРМОНІЇ В ЖИВОПИСІ КИЇВСЬКИХ МИТЦІВ КІНЦЯ ХХ – ПОЧАТКУ XXI СТОЛІТТЯ
Authors: БАЛТАЗЮК Ірина
Published: April 2023

У статті зосереджено увагу на розгляді символьної мови основних кольорів – білого, чорного і сірого; передумов формування ієрархічної структури кольорів первісної гармонії, їх впливу на сучасну мову живопису. Визначення символьної мови кольору відбувається через розуміння його ролі в мистецтві та культурі, вияву його ґенези через – духовне чи буденне. Спираючись на вагому роль сакрального змісту у визначенні ієрархії кольорів, з’ясовано символьне значення білого, чорного і сірого кольорів на прикладі творчості київських митців – І. Пилипенка, А. Криволапа, В. Гуріна та ін. У балансі цих кольорів сірий символізує початок і кінець, надихаючи митців на філософський пошук. Розвиток індивідуальної творчості часто формується на мистецьких тенденціях, що у свою чергу виявляє роль кольору у зв’язку з культурою і, як наслідок, уподібнення творів до тієї культурної течії, з якої митець черпає натхнення. Сучасне мистецтво саме по собі є середовищем змішування сучасних і архаїчних культур, для якого шкала сакральності кольорів підкорюється більше індивідуальним уподобанням автора чи аудиторії, ніж традиційним устоям. Зв’язок із предками для українського народу – це не абстрактне поняття, його сила передається поколіннями, і, незважаючи на превалювання світського над духовним, перше так чи інакше зберігає сакральне забарвлення, що у свою чергу відображається і через колір. Символ відіграє роль сполучного компоненту, що поєднує мости між людиною і мистецтвом, вірою і релігією, природою і наукою, знаходячи шляхи поєднання кожної з цих основ у гармонійній єдності, що зветься культурою. Питання семантики кольору в сучасному контексті, а саме комунікації з аудиторією, стає одним з основних, що потребує постійних досліджень у сфері суспільних відносин, мистецтво до якої стає все більш дотичним.
Metabolic consequences of sex-reversal in two lizard species: a test of the like genotype and like phenotype hypotheses
Authors: Wild Kristoffer , Roe John , Schwanz Lisa , Rodgers Essie , Dissanayake Duminda , Georges Arthur , Sarre Stephen , Noble Daniel
Published: April 2023

Vertebrate sex is typically determined genetically, but in many ectotherms sex can be determined by genes (Genetic Sex Determination: GSD), temperature (Temperature-dependent Sex Determination: TSD), or interactions between genes and temperature during development. Temperature dependent sex determination may involve GSD systems with either male or female heterogamety (XX/XY or ZZ/ZW) where temperature overrides chromosomal sex determination to cause a mismatch between genetic sex and phenotypic sex (sex-reversal). In these temperature-sensitive lineages, phylogenetic investigations point to recurrent evolutionary shifts between genotypic and temperature-dependent sex determination. These evolutionary transitions in sex determination can occur rapidly if selection favours the reversed sex over their concordant phenotypic sex. To investigate the consequences of sex-reversal on offspring fitness, we measured two energy-driven traits often linked to fitness (metabolism and growth-rate) and 6-month survival in two species of reptile with different patterns of temperature-induced sex-reversal. Male sex-reversal occurs in Bassiana duperreyi when chromosomal females (femaleXX) develop male phenotypes (maleSRXX), while female sex-reversal occurs in Pogona vitticeps when chromosomal males (maleZZ) develop female phenotypes (femaleSRZZ). We show metabolism in maleSRXX was like that of maleXY, that is, reflective of phenotypic sex and lower than genotypic sex. In contrast, for Pogona vitticeps, femaleSRZZ metabolism was intermediate between maleZZ and femaleZW metabolic rate. For both species, our data indicate differences in metabolism become more apparent as individuals become larger. Our findings provide some evidence for a fitness advantage from sex-reversal in both species but do not exclude energetic processes as a constraint on the distribution of sex-reversal in nature.
Online Learning Quality Evaluation in Higher Education During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Suharyat Yayat , Susilawati Tri Elsa , Sikki Muhammad Ilyas , Nurhayati Sri
Published: April 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically altered people’s lives, including university education. COVID-19 has significantly impacted the transition from offline to online learning. Furthermore, education in Indonesia must be able to accelerate education 4.0. The learning system is carried out remotely using information technology. There will be numerous major challenges in implementing the online learning model. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Universitas Islam 45 needed to assess student satisfaction with online learning to maintain service quality. This study aimed to assess student satisfaction during online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic using the Service Quality (Servqual) and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) methods. Servqual and IPA are methods for measuring customer satisfaction and service quality. According to the Servqual results, all 17 measurements have a negative gap value. This demonstrates a gap between students’ perceptions and expectations of online learning. The IPA Matrix indicates the priority of improving online-based learning, which includes responding quickly and efficiently to students’ needs in online-based learning, encouraging students’ motivation throughout the learning process, and understanding students’ impediments during the process of online-based learning.
Effect of Curriculum Implementation, Widyaiswara Competence, Facilities and Infrastructure Management on Learning Outcomes of Metrological Education and Training Participants
Authors: Yasri Budi , Sujiarto Heru , Danuwikarsa Ibrahim , Sudrajat Adjat
Published: April 2023

Implementing the curriculum, widyaiswara, and facilities are the main pillars in realizing the training process for metrological training participants in achieving the expected learning outcomes. Although the facilities can be considered adequate, the variables affecting improving the quality of learning outcomes of the metrology training participants need to be determined. The purpose of this study was to review the effect of curriculum implementation, widyaiswara, and facilities on the quality of learning outcomes for metrology training participants. This research method used a survey method with a quantitative approach. Data analysis was performed using linear regression test and T-test. The study’s results stated that the T-test on the variables of curriculum implementation, widyaiswara, and facilities, as well as their combination on learning outcomes, resulted in a significance value of less than 0.05 at the 95% confidence level. This study concluded that implementing curriculum, widyaiswara competencies, facilities, and a combination of the three positively and significantly impact the quality of metrological training participants’ learning outcomes.
Militantismes de guichet. Perspectives ethnographiques
Authors: Avanza Martina , Miaz Jonathan , Péchu Cécile , Voutat Bernard
Published: April 2023

Les mouvements sociaux et les associations ne font pas que manifester ou pétitionner: souvent, ils fournissent aussi des services individuels aux populations bénéficiaires de leur action. Les militants remplissent des demandes de permis de séjour, rédigent des réponses à des employeurs, contestent des augmentations de loyer… Ce militantisme de guichet a été peu étudié par la sociologie de l’action collective. Comment cette forme d’action s’articule-t-elle avec la défense d’une cause? En quoi transforme-t-elle les mouvements sociaux? Quel en est l’impact sur leur dimension contestataire? Cet ouvrage décline ce questionnement dans quatre domaines de l’action collective: le logement, l’aide aux personnes migrantes, le travail et les enjeux de genre, dans plusieurs pays (Suisse, France, Italie, Etats-Unis).
Các nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến kết quả kinh doanh của doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa trên địa bàn tỉnh Thanh Hóa
Authors: Đỗ Tuấn Vũ
Published: April 2023

Nghiên cứu này tập trung phân tích định lượng các nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến kết quả kinh doanh của doanh nghiệp vừa và nhỏ trên địa bàn tỉnh Thanh Hoá thông qua kết quả phân tích mô hình cấu trúc tuyến tính (SEM). Kết quả nghiên cứu từ mẫu khảo sát 500 doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa cho thấy bảy nhân tố được xác định đều có ảnh hưởng tích cực đến kết quả kinh doanh của doanh nghiệp, trong đó thứ tự tác động của các nhân tố đến kết quả kinh doanh của doanh nghiệp theo mức độ giảm dần đó là: Nguồn nhân lực; Nguồn lực tài chính; Trình độ công nghệ cảu doanh nghiệp; Chính sách hỗ trợ doanh nghiệp của địa phương; Chiến lượng marketing; Khả năng chuyển đổi số; Khả năng quản lý và điều hành của lãnh đạo doanh nghiệp. Từ kết quả nghiên cứu, tác giả đã đề xuất một số giải pháp nhằm nâng cao kết quả kinh doanh của doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa trên địa bàn tỉnh Thanh Hóa trong thời gian tới.
Análisis de la influencia del populismo punitivo en el derecho penal ecuatoriano
Authors: Racines-Vivas Melany
Published: April 2023

El presente trabajo de investigación analiza la influencia del populismo punitivo en el derecho penal ecuatoriano a partir del año 2008 hasta la actualidad.  Las manifestaciones del populismo punitivo se han visto reflejadas en una serie de acontecimientos, como la consulta popular del año 2011, que incluyó preguntas para conseguir la tipificación del delito de enriquecimiento privado no justificado como un delito autónomo y la tipificación de la no afiliación al seguro social como una infracción penal. En el año 2014 se modificó totalmente el sistema penal a través de la expedición del Código Orgánico Integral Penal que trajo consigo un incremento de penas y tipificación de un mayor número de delitos en comparación al Código Penal anterior. En el año 2018 se realizó un referéndum y consulta popular en donde nuevamente hubo preguntas que tuvieron que ver con cuestiones penales como la imprescriptibilidad de algunos delitos. Finalmente, se consideran algunas consecuencias de la influencia del populismo punitivo, principalmente el aumento de la población carcelaria partiendo de cifras del 2008 y comparándolas con las más actuales. En esta investigación se utiliza un método cualitativo, se realiza un análisis teórico-doctrinario y crítico respecto a la técnica legislativa y también a la forma mediante la cual se han tipificado algunas infracciones penales en el Ecuador.
Laboratory biomarkers of delayed cerebral ischemia following subarachnoid hemorrhage: A systematic review
Authors: Tjerkstra Maud , Labib Homeyra , Coert Bert A. , Spijker René , Coutinho Jonathan M. , Vandertop W. Peter , Verbaan Dagmar
Published: April 2023

Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) substantially contributes to disability and death in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients; however, its pathophysiology is incompletely understood and diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are lacking. Biomarkers may help to elucidate the pathophysiology, optimize early diagnosis, or provide treatment targets. We systematically searched PubMed and Embase on October 13, 2021, for studies that evaluated at least one laboratory biomarker in patients with DCI, using the most up-to-date definition of DCI as proposed by a panel of experts in 2010. Quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale or Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias assessment tool. Biomarkers of clinical and radiological DCI were analyzed separately. Results were meta-analyzed if possible, otherwise narratively reviewed. Biomarkers were classified as significant, inconclusive, or nonsignificant. We defined validated biomarkers as those with significant results in meta-analyses, or in at least two studies using similar methodologies within the same time interval after SAH. The search yielded 209 articles with 724 different biomarkers; 166 studies evaluated 646 biomarkers of clinical DCI, of which 141 were significant and 7 were validated biomarkers (haptoglobulin 2-1 and 2-2, ADAMTS13, vWF, NLR, P-selectin, F2-isoprostane); 78 studies evaluated 165 biomarkers of radiological DCI, of which 63 were significant and 1 was a validated biomarker (LPR). Hence, this review provides a selection of seven biomarkers of clinical DCI and one biomarker of radiological DCI as most promising biomarkers of DCI. Future research should focus on determining the exact predictive, diagnostic, and therapeutic potentials of these biomarkers.
Thyrotropin Receptor Autoantibody Assessment in Thyroid Eye Disease: Does the Assay Type Matter?
Authors: Moledina Malik , Roos Jonathan , Murthy Rachna
Published: April 2023

Purpose: Thyroid receptor antibodies can quantify thyroid eye disease activity, predict outcomes and aid timing of interventions. The type and generation of assay is frequently unspecified, complicating meta-analyses. To determine the clinical and biochemical relationships between a second-generation thyrotropin receptor-binding inhibition antibody (TRAb) immunoassay, detecting stimulatory and blocking antibodies, with the thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) bridging immunoassay detecting the stimulatory component only.Methods: Retrospective review of 100 consecutive patients attending a regional specialist service. For each patient and visit, both a TRAb and TSI were performed, and a clinical activity score (CAS) recorded.Results: A significant positive correlation between TRAb and TSI (rho = 0.828, p < 0.01) but a weaker correlation between the assays and CAS (TRAb: rho = 0.439, p < 0.01; TSI: r = 0.357, p < 0.01) were found. In 10% of the episodic data, patients had a TRAb level that was disproportionately high (39.41 ± 52.84 IU/L), compared to their TSI levels (9.53 ± 12.10 IU/L) with a higher-than-average CAS (2.47 ± 1.78; range, 0–5). Within 12 months of diagnosis, a significant positive correlation between CAS and TRAb (rho = 0.503, p < 0.01) as well as between CAS and TSI (rho = 0.329, p < 0.01) were found. In patients with a diagnosis over 12 months, the correlation with CAS for both TSI and TRAb were Spearman rank correlation coefficient of 0.347 (p < 0.01) and 0.327 (p < 0.01), respectively.Conclusions: TRAb and TSI correlate strongly and to a lesser extent with the CAS. For most patients, TRAb can be replaced with the more economical TSI. TRAb also correlates better with newly diagnosed, more active patients than TSI. In a subset of patients, blocking antibodies may play a significant pathogenic role, requiring different treatment and monitoring. Further studies are required to investigate this relationship.
A potência da educação interprofissional a partir do Programa PET-Saúde: fortalecendo a formação profissional
Authors: Ribeiro Karine Pereira , Teo Carla Rosane Paz Arruda , Mattia Bianca Joana
Published: April 2023

Introdução: a formação em saúde no Brasil tem se modificado ao longo dos anos, devido alterações nas dinâmicas e  
complexidades da saúde no país. Sob esta perspectiva, a reorientação da formação na área da saúde ganhou ênfase e e vem buscando aproximar os processos pedagógicos das reais necessidades em saúde da população, na assistência prestada no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), tendo isto em vista, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi reconhecer repercussões do Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho para a Saúde – PET-Saúde/Interprofissionalidade nos processos de formação profissional. Metodologia; Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, com referencial teórico baseado em Paulo Freire e dados obtidos, em 2020, por fontes documentais e por Círculos de Cultura. Resultados: Foi possível compreender potencialidades e fragilidades vinculadas ao edital e aos projetos contemplados pelo mesmo, além de, identificar a potência do PET-Saúde em fortalecer a EIP na formação, tendo em vista, que esta, aprimora a assistência em saúde, por contribuir na ênfase ao diálogo, à aproximação e a resolutividade entre as diferentes categorias profissionais, buscando assim, construir um sistema de saúde mais equânime, justo e com acesso integral. Conclusão: percebe-se que investir em dispositivos como o Programa PET-Saúde/Interprofissionalidade contribui para a possibilidade de modificar o ensino, contextualizar a prática formativa e problematizar os avanços necessários no campo de formação em saúde
Construção e validação de conteúdo de material educativo sobre gagueira
Authors: Kira Camila Furukawa , Alpes Matheus Francoy , Mandrá Patrícia Pupin
Published: April 2023

O objetivo foi construir e validar o conteúdo de material ilustrativo para aconselhar familiares e educadores de crianças com gagueira. Estudo com abordagem metodológica, seguindo as etapas preconizadas em literatura para a validação de material educativo. Foram selecionados três grupos de juízes: oito fonoaudiólogos, 10 educadores de educação infantil e 10 familiares de crianças e adolescentes gagos. Os juízes responderam um questionário autoaplicável para julgar o conteúdo, a linguagem, as ilustrações, o layout e a motivação dos materiais. E, após a leitura do folder deveriam assinalar um dos níveis de concordância (escala Likert): (1) discordo totalmente, (2) discordo, (3) não discordo nem concordo, (4) concordo, (5) concordo totalmente, e depois três questões dicotômicas (sim/não) associadas a um espaço para comentário/sugestões. Após a organização e categorização dos dados, o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) foi aplicado para medir o grau de concordância entre os juízes com o ponto de corte de >0,78. Foram necessários ajustes nas categorias ilustração e layout (<0,78). Foram consideradas sugestões e comentários individuais dos juízes envolvendo conteúdo e linguagem. A versão final em folha A4, modo paisagem e com três abas, disposto da seguinte forma: capa, contracapa com a incidência e tipos (desenvolvimental, neurogênica e psicogênica), diagnóstico e tratamento, atitudes favoráveis e um lembrete sobre o bullying na gagueira, além da definição e principais manifestações da gagueira. O material foi construído e seu conteúdo validado, apresentando alto índice de aceitação e concordância entre os juízes, sendo um suporte para os profissionais da área de saúde e da educação e aos pais acerca da temática da gagueira. A próxima etapa do estudo contempla a determinação das propriedades psicométricas do material, a fim de validar os itens e torná-la completamente validada.
Evaluation of long-term memory through electroencephalographic techniques
Authors: Silva Ana Amancio Santos da , Nogueira Jeyce Adrielly Andre , Santos José Augustinho Mendes , Trindade Euclides Mauricio
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the long term memory through electroencephalographic techniques. Were evaluated, in individuals from the human and exact sciences groups, during the following cognitive activities: task: 1 – MEMORIZING WORDS; 2 – REMEMBER THE WORDS OF ACTIVITY 1; 3 – MEMORIZING FIGURES; 4 REMEMBER THE FIGURES OF THE ACTIVITY 3. The gamma rhythm was recorded through the electroencephalogram (EEG), according to the 10-20 system. Thus, the tasks aimed to analyze the capacity for long-term memorization. EEG signals were monitored during the reading and response of the tasks and the means and standard deviation of the gamma rhythm were calculated. The statistical model was BioEstat 5.0, T test for paired samples (p<0.05), Mann-Witney non-parametric test - independent samples and Excel. The results of the intragroup and intergroup analysis in human and exact subjects showed a significant difference in processing brain, through the gamma rhythm, during activities. Individuals in the humanities area used the anterior left quadrant more, while individuals in the exact sciences area used the posterior right quadrant more, as evidenced in the tasks of memorizing pictures and evoking pictures. It seems that there is an association of the gamma rhythm with the states of greater activation of the cerebral cortex during the programming and execution of cognitive activities.
Adesão à higienização das mãos em serviços hospitalares brasileiros: um estudo de revisão
Authors: Mota Ana Paula Araújo , Costa Eliana Auxiliadora Magalhães
Published: April 2023

A higienização das mãos (HM) é reconhecida como a estratégia mais importante para redução da transmissão cruzada de microrganismos em serviços de saúde. Este artigo objetiva avaliar à adesão dos profissionais de saúde às práticas de HM em serviços hospitalares brasileiros, identificar à adequação em relação aos cinco momentos recomendados pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), bem como analisar fatores que favorecem e dificultam a implementação dessa prática. Trata-se de revisão integrativa da literatura. A coleta de dados compreendeu março de 2020 a junho de 2021. Analisado três categorias: adesão dos profissionais de saúde às práticas de HM; higienização das mãos e os 5 momentos recomendados pela OMS e fatores que favorecem e dificultam à adesão à HM. Selecionado dez artigos que ratificaram que a prática de HM em serviços hospitalares brasileiros, também apresenta baixos percentuais de adesão (8,5 a 54,2%). Os médicos foram a categoria profissional que menos aderiu à prática de HM, os enfermeiros e fisioterapeutas os profissionais que mais higienizam as mãos. O momento “após contato” com o paciente apresentou maior aderência. A HM é realizada preferentemente com água e sabão. A educação permanente, cartazes junto ao leito dos pacientes, feedback e envolvimento dos líderes são fatores facilitadores para HM, bem como as intervenções multimodais. Esse estudo evidencia baixa taxa de adesão a HM em serviços hospitalares brasileiros. A implementação dessa prática requer articulação entre as políticas de gestão, bem como conhecimento científico na construção de uma cultura em prol da segurança nos serviços de saúde.
Improvement of the clinical skills of nurse anesthesia students using mini-clinical evaluation exercises in Iran: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Khalafi Ali , Sharbatdar Yasamin , Khajeali Nasrin , Haghighizadeh Mohammad Hosein , Vaziri Mahshid
Published: April 2023

Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of a mini-clinical evaluation exercise (CEX) assessment on improving the clinical skills of nurse anesthesia students at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.Methods: This study started on November 1, 2022, and ended on December 1, 2022. It was conducted among 50 nurse anesthesia students divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group’s clinical skills were evaluated 4 times using the mini-CEX method. In contrast, the same skills were evaluated in the control group based on the conventional method—that is, general supervision by the instructor during the internship and a summative evaluation based on a checklist at the end of the course. The intervention group students also filled out a questionnaire to measure their satisfaction with the mini-CEX method.Results: The mean score of the students in both the control and intervention groups increased significantly on the post-test (P<0.0001), but the improvement in the scores of the intervention group was significantly greater compared with the control group (P<0.0001). The overall mean score for satisfaction in the intervention group was 76.3 out of a maximum of 95.Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that using mini-CEX as a formative evaluation method to evaluate clinical skills had a significant effect on the improvement of nurse anesthesia students’ clinical skills, and they had a very favorable opinion about this evaluation method.
Students’ performance of and perspective on an objective structured practical examination for the assessment of preclinical and practical skills in biomedical laboratory science students in Sweden: a 5-year longitudinal study
Authors: Hultgren Catharina , Lindkvist Annica , Curbo Sophie , Heverin Maura
Published: April 2023

Purpose: It aims to find students’ performance of and perspectives on an objective structured practical examination (OSPE) for assessment of laboratory and preclinical skills in biomedical laboratory science (BLS). It also aims to investigate the perception, acceptability, and usefulness of OSPE from the students’ and examiners’ point of view.Methods: This was a longitudinal study to implement an OSPE in BLS. The student group consisted of 198 BLS students enrolled in semester 4, 2015–2019 at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Sweden. Fourteen teachers evaluated the performance by completing a checklist and global rating scales. A student survey questionnaire was administered to the participants to evaluate the student perspective. To assess quality, 4 independent observers were included to monitor the examiners.Results: Almost 50% of the students passed the initial OSPE. During the repeat OSPE, 73% of the students passed the OSPE. There was a statistically significant difference between the first and the second repeat OSPE (P<0.01) but not between the first and the third attempt (P=0.09). The student survey questionnaire was completed by 99 of the 198 students (50%) and only 63 students responded to the free-text questions (32%). According to these responses, some stations were perceived as more difficult, albeit they considered the assessment to be valid. The observers found the assessment protocols and examiner’s instructions assured the objectivity of the examination.Conclusion: The introduction of an OSPE in the education of biomedical laboratory scientists was a reliable, and useful examination of practical skills.
Basic Income: Opportunity or Problem?
Authors: Végvári Bence , Kurucz Attila , Gelencsér Martin , Szabó-Szentgróti Gábor
Published: April 2023

There has been an increase in debate over universal basic income in recent years, mostly related to the different welfare measures introduced in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic around the world, and because of the increasing relevance of labor market automation. In this study, our objective is to evaluate the attitudes of Hungarian citizens towards basic income, with a focus on its feasibility, as well as positive and negative effects. In order to accomplish this, we analyzed relevant international literature to draw up a questionnaire from studies, while also looking at background variables that potentially influence an individual’s attitude towards basic income. Results show that Hungarian citizens rather disagree about the feasibility of a basic income scheme in Hungary but they are a lot more agreeable with the EU-s capability to provide one (18.4% compared to 52%, respectively. Regarding its possible positive impacts, the most frequently mentioned items include reducing anxiety about financing basic needs, helping people return to education, and offsetting the effects of automation, while concerns about the idea of not being researched and tested enough, its effects on inflation, and its possible work-discouraging nature were listed as the most relevant negative effects.
Significance of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria
Authors: Mandal Jharna
Published: April 2023

Since the recognition of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU), several studies have questioned its significance. It is a very common condition, observed in many healthy individuals. Current guidelines mandate that ABU should not be treated in all cases, as it does not seem to improve the outcome. Conditional restrictions for treatment of ABU can be relaxed in certain situations, with minimal exceptions to the rule.
Peyronie’s Disease: Recent Treatment Modalities
Authors: Can Albaz Ali , Üçer Oktay
Published: April 2023

Peyronie’s disease (PD), which is characterised by fibrous plaque formation in the tunica albuginea of the penis, is associated with pain, erectile dysfunction, and anatomical malformations that negatively affect the quality of life of afflicted men. The optimum medical therapy for PD has not yet been identified. In the last 5 years, commonly used oral medications have been replaced by intralesional therapies. Intralesional collagenase Clostridium histolyticum is the only US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved treatment for PD. Minimally invasive intralesional therapies and surgical intervention form the basis of contemporary therapy for this disorder. These therapeutic options, along with selected portions of the guidelines, are explored in this review. The objective is to describe the current state of practice for each of the most commonly used, as well as several developing, treatment modalities of PD.
Management of Anterior Urethral Strictures
Authors: Chokalingam Kumar , Ravi Sujata , Sridhar Koteshwar N.
Published: April 2023

Anterior urethral strictures affect the male urethra between the tip of the penis and the apex of the prostate. These form the bulk of urethral strictures in men. The common causes for urethral strictures seem to be idiopathic or related to instrumentation of the urethra. Clinically, patients have varying obstructive symptoms associated with the progressive narrowing of the urethral lumen. Treatment modalities have aimed at incising or excising the fibrous tissue, augmenting the damaged area by grafts or flaps, or more recently, replacing the area with tissue engineered constructs. As the biology of wound healing and fibrous tissue formation is not yet completely understood, urethral strictures continue to pose a challenge to clinicians and scientists.