bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Juzgar con perspectiva de género en el orden social: ¿arte de moda o garantía de efectividad de la igualdad de sexos?
Authors: Molina Navarrete Cristóbal
Published: October 2022

1. La «cuestión de género» y la dimensión estatutaria de las relaciones de trabajo como relaciones de poder desigual. Ningún jurista, o muy pocos, se sorprenderían hoy de leer en las sentencias del omnipresente y omnipotente Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea (TJUE) que el trabajador es «la parte débil de la relación de trabajo» (por ejemplo, Sentencia del TJUE –STJUE– de 6 de noviembre de 2018, C‑684/16, apdo. 41). Ni tampoco de que, a fin de intentar asegurar que tal posición de debilidad contractual no perjudique el disfrute de sus derechos atribuidos legalmente (estatuto), de tal paradigma interpretativo derive una amplia serie de garantías de protección para asegurar el efecto útil de aquellos derechos.
Personas trabajadoras extranjeras: ¿hacia una cultura preventiva universal sin carácter punitivo?
Authors: Triguero Martínez Luis Ángel
Published: October 2022

La sentencia parte jurídica e implícitamente de que, resultado de la ampliación de la Unión Europea, las personas de nacionalidad rumana poseen libertad de circulación. Pero no expresamente para trabajar por cuenta ajena. En este caso, les es de aplicación el régimen jurídico de extranjería definido y concretado en la Ley orgánica 4/2000, sobre derechos y libertades de los extranjeros en España y su integración social. Por ende, es requisito al efecto el estar en posesión de la autorización de trabajo y del permiso de residencia. Es el caso. Son consideradas personas trabajadoras extranjeras.
Nuevos tiempos para la negociación colectiva en el fútbol profesional
Authors: Sáez Lara Carmen
Published: October 2022

La relación laboral de carácter especial de los deportistas profesionales se encuentra regulada por el Real Decreto 1006/1985, de 26 de junio (RDDP), que define al deportista profesional (art. 1.2) señalando, de conformidad con el artículo 2.2 del Estatuto de los Trabajadores (ET), que serán aplicables a esta relación laboral especial los derechos y deberes básicos previstos en los artículos 4 y 5 del ET (art. 7.5 RDDP). Más concretamente, el artículo 18.1 del RDDP establece que los deportistas profesionales tendrán los derechos colectivos reconocidos con carácter general en la legislación vigente, en la forma y condiciones que se pacten en los convenios, y el artículo 21 del RDDP aclara que, en lo no regulado por este real decreto, serán de aplicación el ET y las demás normas laborales de general aplicación, en cuanto no sean incompatibles con la naturaleza especial de la relación laboral de los deportistas profesionales.
Externalización y accidentalidad: la solidaridad de la principal por el recargo más allá de su «propia actividad»
Authors: Marcos González Juan Ignacio
Published: October 2022

Aunque no es ninguna novedad, pues se conocen manifestaciones desde hace más de medio siglo, sí es cierto que, en las últimas décadas, desde inicios de siglo, la externalización de los procesos productivos de las empresas constituye una de las realidades socioeconómicas que más preocupa y ocupa en el mundo del trabajo, evidenciando una extrema conflictividad, social y también judicial. El generalizado recurso a la descentralización productiva crearía miles de densas y complejas marañas («redes») de contratas y subcontratas a través de las que la empresa principal afronta sus procesos económicos sin asumir la condición de empleadora directa, ensombreciendo, de este modo, los típicos conceptos jurídico-laborales de «empresa» y de «empleador» responsables (vid., para una puesta al día, en el plano judicial, de las diferentes manifestaciones de estos procesos y su constante conflictividad, la sección de diálogos con la jurisprudencia del núm. 409 de esta revista, destinada monográficamente a la «Descentralización productiva y "triangulación laboral": nuevas y viejas formas de interposición empresarial», pp. 91-156). A menudo, esa fragmentación del ciclo productivo se vincula a una amplia gama de tareas, correspondientes a la denominada «propia actividad», de modo que el objeto social de una empresa, que antes se realizaba de forma unitaria, con el consiguiente incremento de su tamaño, ahora tiende a realizarse a través de múltiples empresas, bastante más pequeñas. Esta reducción de tamaño –y solvencia–, si bien dice obedecer a la mejora de la rentabilidad por la vía de la especialización y por la ganancia en flexibilidad organizativa, tiene igualmente importantes riesgos, tanto para la solvencia de la empresa, con el riesgo de impago de salarios, cuanto para la propia seguridad en las condiciones de trabajo, sean contractuales (precariedad), sean materiales (siniestralidad).
Análisis del régimen especial de traslados intraempresariales a España de trabajadores extranjeros extracomunitarios
Authors: Camas Roda Ferran
Published: October 2022

Este estudio tiene por objeto analizar el régimen jurídico español de los traslados intraempresariales, amparados en la Ley 14/2013, de 27 de septiembre, de apoyo a los emprendedores y su internacionalización. Así se muestran aquellos aspectos positivos de la normativa que sirven para promover este tipo de desplazamientos, pero también aquellas cuestiones que lo entorpecen y, por lo tanto, que deberían ser objeto de mejora.
La conciliación de la vida laboral y familiar a través de la adaptación de la jornada: una herramienta para la igualdad de género y la productividad
Authors: Morán Roa Sonia
Published: October 2022

Las medidas de conciliación previstas en la actualidad no solo no han favorecido la igualdad de género y la compatibilización de la vida laboral y familiar, sino que al tratarse de medidas de ausencia laboral, total o parcial, y habiendo sido asumidas de forma abrumadoramente mayoritaria por las trabajadoras, han supuesto un factor relevante en la actual brecha salarial de género existente entre mujeres y hombres.Por ello, la adaptación de la jornada y la flexibilidad horaria, como derecho de conciliación del trabajo y la familia, supondría una óptima herramienta para lograr la igualdad de género, permitiendo la retención en el mercado laboral del talento femenino, sin necesidad de renunciar ni a la retribución ni a la trayectoria profesional, y contribuyendo a una mayor corresponsabilidad, que junto a la racionalización de los horarios conllevaría una mayor productividad empresarial.
La libertad sindical de «todos» no alcanza a «las OTRAS»: la Audiencia Nacional confunde titularidad del derecho de libertad sindical con legalización de la prostitución
Authors: Miñarro Yanini Margarita
Published: October 2022

El artículo 28.1 de la Constitución española dispone que «todos tienen derecho a sindicarse libremente». Concretando tan amplio reconocimiento de la titularidad de este derecho, la Ley orgánica 11/1985, de 2 de agosto, de libertad sindical (LOLS), dispone, en su artículo 1.1, que «todos los trabajadores tienen derecho a sindicarse libremente para la promoción y defensa de sus intereses económicos y sociales», precisando así lo que se infería de aquel, aunque no decía, a saber, los titulares del derecho y los fines del sindicato. Por lo que respecta al primero de estos aspectos, el artículo 1.2 dispone que «a los efectos de esta ley, se consideran trabajadores tanto aquellos que sean sujetos de una relación laboral como aquellos que lo sean de una relación de carácter administrativo o estatutario al servicio de las Administraciones públicas».
El deber de negociar de buena fe en el periodo de consultas, ¿también para los representantes de los trabajadores?
Authors: Maneiro Vázquez Yolanda
Published: October 2022

Pocos conceptos jurídicos tienen la tradición y el misterio de la buena fe. Su reiterada aparición en todas las ramas del ordenamiento hace de ella una idea mutable, intangible y, a la vez, omnipresente. La reforma laboral de 2012, siguiendo la terminología de la Directiva 98/59/CE, ordenó a las partes «negociar de buena fe, con vistas a la consecución de un acuerdo» durante el periodo de consultas previo a la decisión de medidas colectivas, tales como las suspensiones del contrato de trabajo de carácter colectivo (art. 47.1 Estatuto de los Trabajadores –ET–), la modificación colectiva de condiciones de trabajo (art. 41.4 ET) o las de despido colectivo (art. 51.2 ET). El incumplimiento de este requisito permitirá la impugnación judicial de la medida colectiva con el fin de que se declare su nulidad, ya sea a través del proceso de conflictos colectivos (arts. 153 y ss. Ley reguladora de la jurisdicción social –LRJS–) o, en el caso del despido colectivo, a través de su modalidad específica (art. 124 LRJS). Pero ni unos ni otros ofrecen una definición de la buena fe, ni contienen reglas para su cumplimiento por ambas partes, ni mucho menos regulan hasta dónde puede alcanzar el contenido de la demanda cuando quien impugna no actuó con buena fe durante el proceso negociador.
Necesario y urgente refuerzo de la sostenibilidad en el sector del transporte de mercancías por carretera: mejora de las condiciones laborales y la protección social de las personas trabajadoras (particular referencia al desplazamiento de quienes conducen)
Authors: Conde Colmenero Pilar
Published: October 2022

Debido a la concurrencia de factores de distinta índole, el sector del transporte de mercancías por carretera estaba necesitado desde hace años de una reforma legislativa que afrontase algunos de los principales retos económicos, sociales y medioambientales pendientes en materia de sostenibilidad. En particular, había que hacer frente a ciertas problemáticas sociolaborales que padecen tanto quienes trabajan de manera autónoma como quienes están empleados en empresas transportistas (especialmente, quienes conducen) y, también, era apremiante efectuar avances significativos en la lucha contra el fraude laboral y las malas prácticas desplegadas por las denominadas «empresas buzón». Además, en este contexto, era urgente (so pena de sufrir, en breve, una cuantiosa multa económica por parte de la Unión Europea –UE–) y conveniente (para abordar las dificultades críticas del sector) trasponer a nuestro ordenamiento jurídico interno las exigencias de la Directiva (UE) 2020/1057 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 15 de julio de 2020, por la que se fijan normas específicas con respecto a la Directiva 96/71/CE y la Directiva 2014/67/UE para el desplazamiento de los conductores en el sector del transporte por carretera. Todos estos ambiciosos propósitos son los que se desean acometer con la promulgación de una batería normativa dentro de la que destacan las medidas incorporadas por los Reales Decretos-Leyes 3, 6 y 14/2022, de los cuales el primero fue publicado solo unos días antes de que se desatase en nuestro país la última huelga convocada por el colectivo de transportistas, que provocó una delicada situación en la cadena logística y de suministros.
Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Uzaktan Eğitim Sürecinde Okuma ve Yazma Güçlüğü Çeken Öğrencilerin Yaşadıkları Sorunlara İlişkin Görüşleri ve Çözüm Önerileri
Authors: ÇAVDARLI Sülbiye Dilara , KARADAĞ YILMAZ Ruhan
Published: October 2022

Araştırmanın temel amacı, sınıf öğretmenlerinin uzaktan eğitim sürecinde okuma yazma güçlüğü olan öğrencilere uyguladıkları eğitsel uygulamaların ve eğitim uygulamaları sırasında karşılaştıkları sorunların tespit edilmesidir. Temel nitel araştırma deseni kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen araştırmanın verileri 2020-2021 eğitim-öğretim yılında herhangi bir fiziksel ve zihinsel sorunu olmayan ancak sınıf düzeyine uygun okuma yazma performansı sergileyemeyen öğrencileri olan 20 sınıf öğretmeniyle yapılan görüşmeler aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin analizinde içerik analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda uzaktan eğitim sürecinin okuma yazma güçlüğü olan öğrencileri ve öğretmenleri olumsuz etkilediği, çevrimiçi derslere katılmayan öğrencilerin okumalarının ve yazmalarının olumsuz yönde ilerlediği, sınıf öğretmenlerinin uzaktan eğitim sürecinde okuma ve yazma güçlüğü olan öğrencilerle iletişim sorunları ve psikolojik, eğitsel, sistemsel, öğrenciden ve aileden kaynaklanan sorunlar yaşadıkları belirlenmiştir. Öğretmenler okumaya oranla yazma eğitiminin daha zorlayıcı bir süreç olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Uzaktan eğitim sürecinin hibrit eğitimle daha verimli olacağı ve öğrencilerin seviyelerine göre ayrı zamanlarda ders yapılmasının faydalı olacağı bulgulanmıştır.
Aviation-caused CO2 emissions reduction efficiency in EU-28 under CORSIA compliance
Authors: KAYA Gizem , KAYALICA Özgür
Published: October 2022

The CORSIA is an emission reduction program which is implemented by ICAO for the global air-line industry. The program aims to contribute to the implemented measures to reduce CO2 emis-sions from the international aviation network. In this regard, we aim to find out the significant factors that affect the levels of CO2 emissions in aviation and the most efficient countries in re-ducing them. Firstly, we examine 28-member countries of the EU (European Union) by using the panel data based stochastic frontier analysis and Malmquist productivity indices. The results show that the determinants affecting the emissions caused by aviation statistically significant for the pe-riod 2008-2017: Energy consumption per flight; millions of passenger-kilometers, freight and mail million tonne-kilometer; the number of commercial aircraft fleets by age groups; the number of countries’ airports; and globalization index of the related country. Moreover, efficiency scores which are obtained by stochastic frontier analysis and Malmquist productivity index differ among the countries. Eastern European countries are observed to be superior in terms of technical effi-ciency. However, there is no significant increasing or decreasing trend in technical efficiency for EU 28 countries. This result is an indication that CORSIA’s emission reduction expectations will not be realized quickly, especially when considering the extensive use of aviation in the globalized countries.
Significant enhancements of the mesospheric Na layer bottom below 75 km observed by a full-diurnal-cycle lidar at Beijing (40.41° N, 116.01° E), China
Authors: Xia Yuan , Jiao Jing , Nozawa Satonori , Cheng Xuewu , Wang Jihong , Shi Chunhua , Du Lifang , Li Yajuan , Zheng Haoran , Li Faquan , Yang Guotao
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Based on the full-diurnal-cycle sodium (Na) lidar observations at Beijing (40.41∘ N, 116.01∘ E), we report pronounced
downward extensions of the Na layer bottomside to below 75 km near
mid-December 2014. Considerable Na atoms were observed even as low as
∼ 72 km, where Na atoms are short-lived. More interestingly, an unprecedented Na density of ∼ 2500 atoms cm−3 around 75 km
was observed on 17 December 2014. Such high Na atoms concentration was 2
orders of magnitude larger than that normally observed at the similar
altitude region. The variations of Na density on the layer bottom were found to be accompanied by warming temperature anomalies and considerable
perturbations of minor chemical species (H, O, O3) in the upper
mesosphere. Different from the previous reported metal layer bottom
enhancements mainly contributed by photolysis after sunrise, these
observational results suggest more critical contributions were made by the
Na neutral chemical reactions to the Na layer bottom extensions reported
here. The time–longitudinal variations of background atmospheric parameters
in the upper mesosphere and stratosphere from global satellite observations
and ERA reanalysis data indicated that the anomalous structures observed
near the lidar site in mid-December 2014 were associated with planetary
wave (PW) activities. The anomalies of temperature and O3 perturbation
showed opposite phase in the altitude range of 70–75 and
35–45 km. This implied that the vertical coupling between the
mesosphere and stratosphere, possibly driven by the interactions of PW
activities with background atmosphere and modulation of gravity wave (GW)
filtering by stratospheric wind, contributed to the perturbations of
background atmosphere. Furthermore, the bottom enhancement on 17 December
2014 was also accompanied by clear wavy signatures in the main layer. The
strong downwelling regions are likely due to the superposition of tide and
GW, suggesting the wave-induced adiabatic vertical motion of the air parcel
contributed greatly to the formation of the much stronger Na layer bottom
enhancement on 17 December 2014. These results provide a clear
observational evidence for the Na layer bottom response to the
planetary-scale atmospheric perturbations in addition to tide and GW through affecting the chemical balance. The results of this paper also have
implications for the response of the metal layer to vertical coupling
between the lower atmosphere and the mesosphere.
Improved spectral processing for a multi-mode pulse compression Ka–Ku-band cloud radar system
Authors: Ding Han , Li Haoran , Liu Liping
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Cloud radars are widely used in observing clouds and
precipitation. However, the raw data products of cloud radars are usually
affected by multiple factors, which may lead to misinterpretation of cloud
and precipitation processes. In this study, we present a
Doppler-spectra-based data processing framework to improve the data quality
of a multi-mode pulse-compressed Ka–Ku radar system. Firstly,
non-meteorological signal close to the ground was identified with enhanced
Doppler spectral ratios between different observing modes. Then, for the
Doppler spectrum affected by the range sidelobe due to the implementation of
the pulse compression technique, the characteristics of the probability
density distribution of the spectral power were used to identify the
sidelobe artifacts. Finally, the Doppler spectra observations from different
modes were merged via the shift-then-average approach. The new radar moment
products were generated based on the merged Doppler spectrum data. The
presented spectral processing framework was applied to radar observations of
a stratiform precipitation event, and the quantitative evaluation shows good
performance of clutter or sidelobe suppression and spectral merging.
Extracellular enzyme production in the coastal upwelling system off Peru during different upwelling scenarios: a mesocosm experiment
Authors: Spilling Kristian , Piiparinen Jonna , Achterberg Eric P. , Arístegui Javier , Bach Lennart T. , Camarena-Gómez Maria T. , von der Esch Elisabeth , Fischer Martin A. , Gómez-Letona Markel , Hernández-Hernández Nauzet , Meyer Judith , Schmitz Ruth A. , Riebesell Ulf
Published: October 2022

Abstract. The Peruvian upwelling system is a highly productive ecosystem that could be altered by ongoing global changes. We carried out a mesocosm experiment off Peru, with the addition of water masses from the regional oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) collected at two different sites simulating two different upwelling scenarios. Here we focus on pelagic remineralization of organic matter by extracellular enzyme production of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and alkaline phosphatase activity (APA). After addition of the OMZ water, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (N) was depleted, but the standing stock of phytoplankton was relatively high even after nutrient depletion (mostly >4 µg chlorophyll a L-1). During the initial phase of the experiment, APA was 0.6 nmol L-1 h-1 even though the PO43- concentration was >0.5 µmol L-1. Initially, the dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) decreased, coinciding with an increase in PO43- concentration probably linked to the APA. The LAP activity was very high with most of the measurements in the range 200–800 nmol L-1 h-1. This enzyme degrades amino acids and these high values are probably linked to the highly productive, but N-limited coastal ecosystem. Also, the experiment took place during a rare coastal El Niño event with higher-than-normal surface temperatures, which could have affected the enzyme production. Using a non-parametric multidimensional scaling analysis (NMDS) with a generalized additive model (GAM), we found that biogeochemical variables (e.g. nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations), phytoplankton and bacterial communities explained up to 64 % of the variability in APA. The bacterial community explained best the variability (34 %) in LAP. The high hydrolysis rates for this enzyme suggests that pelagic N remineralization supported the high standing stock of primary producers in the mesocosms after N depletion.
Pre-industrial temperature variability on the Swiss Plateau derived from the instrumental daily series of Bern and Zurich
Authors: Brugnara Yuri , Hari Chantal , Pfister Lucas , Valler Veronika , Brönnimann Stefan
Published: October 2022

Abstract. We describe the compilation of two early instrumental daily temperature series from Bern and Zurich, Switzerland, starting from 1760 and 1756, respectively. The series are a combination of numerous small segments from different observers at different locations within and outside the two cities that are converted to modern units and homogenized. In addition, we introduce a methodology to estimate the errors affecting daily and monthly mean values derived from early instrumental observations. Given the frequent small data gaps, we merge the two daily series into a more complete series representing the central Swiss Plateau. We finally compare the homogenized monthly series with other temperature reconstructions for Switzerland. We find significant differences before 1860, pointing to biases that might affect some of the most widely used instrumental data sets. In general, the homogenization of temperature measurements at the transition between the early instrumental and national weather service eras remains a problematic issue in historical climatology and has significant implications for other fields of climate research.
Mid-Holocene climate of the Tibetan Plateau and hydroclimate in three major river basins based on high-resolution regional climate simulations
Authors: Huo Yiling , Peltier William Richard , Chandan Deepak
Published: October 2022

Abstract. The Tibetan Plateau (TP) contains the headwaters of major Asian rivers that sustain billions of people and plays an important role in both regional and global climate through thermal and mechanical forcings. Understanding the characteristics and changes to the hydrological regimes on the TP during the mid-Holocene (MH) will help in understanding the expected future changes. Here, an analysis of the hydroclimates over the headwater regions of three major rivers originating in the TP, namely the Yellow, Yangtze, and Brahmaputra rivers, is presented, using dynamically downscaled climate
simulations constructed using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) coupled to the hydrological model WRF-Hydro. Green Sahara (GS)
boundary conditions have also been incorporated into the global model so as
to capture the remote feedbacks between the Saharan vegetation and the river hydrographs over the TP. Model–data comparisons show that the dynamically downscaled simulations significantly improve the regional climate simulations over the TP in both the modern day and the MH, highlighting the crucial role of downscaling in both present-day and past climates. TP precipitation is also strongly affected by the greening of the Sahara, with a particularly large increase over the southern TP, as well as a delay in the monsoon withdrawal. The simulation results were first validated over the upper basins of the three rivers before the hydrological responses to the MH forcing for the three basins were quantified. Both the upper Yellow and Yangtze rivers exhibit a decline in streamflow during the MH, especially in summer, which is a combined effect of less snowmelt and stronger evapotranspiration. The GS forcing caused a rise in temperature during the MH, as well as larger rainfall but less snowfall and greater evaporative water losses. The Brahmaputra River runoff is simulated to increase in the MH due to greater net precipitation.
Geomorphic signature of segmented relief rejuvenation in the Sierra Morena, Betic forebulge, Spain
Authors: Expósito Inmaculada , Jiménez-Bonilla Alejandro , Delchiaro Michele , Yanes José L. , Balanyá Juan C. , Moral-Martos Francisco , Della Seta Marta
Published: October 2022

Abstract. The foreland relief of alpine orogenic belts is often rejuvenated due to the intraplate propagation of orogenic deformation. Thus, in these long-lived areas, the localisation of relief rejuvenation may be largely
controlled by the reactivation of previous mechanical discontinuities. In
this regard, we explored the relationship between the relief rejuvenation
pattern and the distribution, geometry, and kinematics of faults in a wide
segment of the Betic foreland (Sierra Morena, southern Spain). Specifically, we focused on the forebulge, a WSW–ENE flexural relief that
formed, paired to the Betic foreland basin, in response to orogenic load.
For this purpose, we applied both qualitative and quantitative
geomorphological tools, including geomorphic indices and knickpoint pattern
modelling in χ space. We found that the pattern of relief rejuvenation
responds to large-scale flexural uplift coupled with the tectonic activity
of two groups of faults that often show evidence of reactivation, namely overall WSW–ENE faults contributing to both regional NNW–SSE relief segmentation and vertical extrusion of the forebulge, and NW–SE reverse faults associated with an outstanding WSW–ENE topographic segmentation in the west of the study area. In addition, our knickpoint modelling suggests that the faults related to the southernmost Sierra Morena mountain front have been particularly active in recent times, although their activity span and the relative uplift that they accommodate differ along the Sierra
Morena/foreland basin limit. The knickpoint pattern also suggests a
significant reorganisation of the analysed drainage basins. The strain
partitioning accommodated by the structures involved in relief rejuvenation
suggests the intraplate propagation of the transpressional deformation
reported from the Betic external fold and thrust belt.
The effects of late Cenozoic climate change on the global distribution of frost cracking
Authors: Sharma Hemanti , Mutz Sebastian G. , Ehlers Todd A.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Frost cracking is a dominant mechanical weathering phenomenon
facilitating the breakdown of bedrock in periglacial regions. Despite recent
advances in understanding frost cracking processes, few studies have
addressed how global climate change over the late Cenozoic may have impacted
spatial variations in frost cracking intensity. In this study, we estimate
global changes in frost cracking intensity (FCI) by segregation ice growth.
Existing process-based models of FCI are applied in combination with soil
thickness data from the Harmonized World Soil Database. Temporal and spatial
variations in FCI are predicted using surface temperature changes obtained
from ECHAM5 general circulation model simulations conducted for four
different paleoclimate time slices. Time slices considered include
pre-industrial (∼ 1850 CE, PI), mid-Holocene (∼ 6 ka, MH), Last Glacial Maximum (∼ 21 ka, LGM), and Pliocene
(∼ 3 Ma, PLIO) times. Results indicate for all paleoclimate
time slices that frost cracking was most prevalent (relative to PI times) in
the middle- to high-latitude regions, as well as high-elevation lower-latitude
areas such the Himalayas, Tibet, the European Alps, the Japanese Alps, the US
Rocky Mountains, and the Andes Mountains. The smallest deviations in frost
cracking (relative to PI conditions) were observed in the MH simulation,
which yielded slightly higher FCI values in most of the areas. In contrast,
larger deviations were observed in the simulations of the colder climate
(LGM) and warmer climate (PLIO). Our results indicate that the impact of
climate change on frost cracking was most severe during the PI–LGM period
due to higher differences in temperatures and glaciation at higher
latitudes. The PLIO results indicate low FCI in the Andes and higher values
of FCI in Greenland and Canada due to the diminished extent of glaciation in
the warmer PLIO climate.
A comprehensive assessment of in situ and remote sensing soil moisture data assimilation in the APSIM model for improving agricultural forecasting across the U.S. Midwest
Authors: Kivi Marissa , Vergopolan Noemi , Dokoohaki Hamze
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Today, the most popular approaches in agricultural forecasting leverage process-based crop models, crop monitoring data, and/or remote sensing imagery. Individually, each of these tools has its own unique advantages but is, nonetheless, limited in prediction accuracy, precision, or both. In this study we integrate in situ and remote sensing (RS) soil moisture observations with APSIM model through sequential data assimilation to evaluate the improvement in model predictions of downstream state variables across 5 experimental sites in the U.S Midwest. Four RS data products and in-situ observations spanning 19 site-years were used through two data assimilation approaches namely Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) and Generalized Ensemble Filter (GEF) to constrain model states at observed time steps and estimate joint background and observation error matrices. Then, the assimilation’s impact on estimates of soil moisture, yield, NDVI, tile drainage, and nitrate leaching was assessed across all site-years. When assimilating in situ observations, the accuracy of soil moisture forecasts in the assimilation layers was improved by reducing RMSE by an average of 17 % for 10 cm and ~28 % for 20 cm depth soil layer across all site-years. These changes also led to improved simulation of soil moisture in deeper soil layers by an average of 12 %. Although crop yield was improved by an average of 23 %, the greatest improvement in yield accuracy was demonstrated in site-years with higher water stress, where assimilation served to increase available soil water for crop uptake. Alternatively, estimates of annual tile drainage and nitrate leaching were not well constrained across the study sites. Trends in drainage constraint suggest the importance of including additional data constraint such as evapotranspiration. The assimilation of RS soil moisture showed weaker constraint of downstream model state variables when compared to the assimilation of in situ soil moisture. The median reduction in soil moisture RMSE for observed soil layers was lower, on average, by a factor of 5. However, crop yield estimates were still improved overall with a median RMSE reduction of 17.2 %. Crop yield prediction was improved when assimilating both in-situ and remote sensing soil moisture observations and there is strong evidence that yield improvement was higher when under water-stressed conditions. Comparisons of system performance across different combinations of remote sensing data products indicated the importance of high temporal resolution and accurate observation uncertainty estimates when assimilating surface soil moisture observations.
Attributing trend in naturalized streamflow to temporally explicit vegetation change and climate variation in the Yellow River basin of China
Authors: Wang Zhihui , Tang Qiuhong , Wang Daoxi , Xiao Peiqing , Xia Runliang , Sun Pengcheng , Feng Feng
Published: October 2022

Abstract. The naturalized streamflow, i.e., streamflow without water management effects, in the Yellow River basin (YRB) has been significantly decreased at a rate of -3.71×108 m3 yr−1 during 1982–2018, although annual precipitation experienced an insignificantly positive trend. Explicit detection and attribution of naturalized streamflow are critical to manage limited water resources for the sustainable development of ecosystems and socio-economic systems. The effects from temporally explicit changes of climate variables and underlying surfaces on the streamflow trend were assessed using the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) model prescribed with continuously dynamic leaf area index (LAI) and land cover. The results show a sharp increase of the LAI trend and land use change as a conversion of cropland into forest grass in the basin. The decrease in naturalized streamflow can primarily be attributed to the vegetation changes including an interannual LAI increase and intra-annual LAI temporal pattern change, which account for the streamflow reduction of 1.99×108 and 0.45×108 m3 yr−1, respectively. The impacts of the LAI change are largest at the subregion of Longmen–Huayuankou where the LAI increasing trend is high and land use change is substantial. Attribution based on simulations with multiyear average LAI changes obviously underestimates the impacts of the interannual LAI change and intra-annual LAI temporal change on the natural streamflow trend. Overall, the effect of climate variation on streamflow is slight because the positive effect from precipitation and wind speed changes was offset by the negative effect from increasing temperature. Although climate variation is decisive for streamflow change, this study suggests that change in underlying surfaces has imposed a substantial trend on naturalized streamflow. This study improves the understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns and the underlying mechanisms of natural streamflow reduction across the YRB between 1982 and 2018.
Shear zone evolution and the path of earthquake rupture
Authors: Young Erik M. , Rowe Christie D. , Kirkpatrick James D.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Crustal shear zones generate earthquakes, which are at present unpredictable, but advances in mechanistic understanding of the earthquake cycle
offer hope for future advances in earthquake forecasting. Studies of fault zone architecture have the potential to reveal the controls on fault
rupture, locking, and reloading that control the temporal and spatial patterns of earthquakes. The Pofadder Shear Zone exposed in the Orange River
in South Africa is an ancient, exhumed, paleoseismogenic continental transform which preserves the architecture of the earthquake source near the
base of the seismogenic zone. To investigate the controls on earthquake rupture geometries in the seismogenic crust, we produced a high-resolution
geologic map of the shear zone core mylonite zone. The core consists of ∼ 1–200 cm, pinch-and-swell layers of mylonites of variable
mineralogic composition, reflecting the diversity of regional rock types which were dragged into the shear zone. Our map displays centimetric layers
of a unique black ultramylonite along some mylonite interfaces, locally adding to thick composite layers suggesting reactivation or bifurcation. We
present a set of criteria for identifying recrystallised pseudotachylytes (preserved earthquake frictional melts) and show that the black
ultramylonite is a recrystallised pseudotachylyte, with its distribution representing a map of ancient earthquake rupture surfaces. Pseudotachylytes
are most abundant on interfaces between the strongest wall rocks. We find that the geometry of lithologic interfaces which hosted earthquakes
differs from interfaces lacking pseudotachylyte at wavelengths of ≳ 10 m. We argue that the pinch-and-swell structure of the
mylonitic layering, enhanced by viscosity contrasts between layers of different mineralogy, is expected to generate spatially heterogeneous stress
during viscous creep in the shear zone, which dictated the path of earthquake ruptures. The condition of rheologically layered materials causing
heterogeneous stresses should be reasonably expected in any major shear zone, is enhanced by creep, and represents the pre-seismic background
conditions through which earthquakes nucleate and propagate. This has implications for patterns of earthquake recurrence and explains why some
potential geologic surfaces are favored for earthquake rupture over others.
A one-dimensional temperature and age modeling study for selecting the drill site of the oldest ice core around Dome Fuji, Antarctica
Authors: Obase Takashi , Abe-Ouchi Ayako , Saito Fuyuki , Tsutaki Shun , Fujita Shuji , Kawamura Kenji , Motoyama Hideaki
Published: October 2022

Abstract. The recovery of a new Antarctic ice core spanning the last ~1.5 million years will advance our understanding of climate system dynamics during the Quaternary. Recent glaciological field surveys have been conducted to select the most suitable core location near Dome Fuji (DF), Antarctica. Specifically, ground-based radar-echo soundings have been used to acquire highly detailed images of bedrock topography and internal ice layers. In this study, we use a one-dimensional (1-D) ice flow model to compute the temporal evolutions of age and temperature, in which the ice flow is linked with not only transient climate forcing associated with past glacial‒interglacial cycles, but also transient basal melting diagnosed along the evolving temperature profile. We investigated the influence of ice thickness, accumulation rate, and geothermal heat flux on the age and temperature profiles. The model was constrained by the observed temperature and age profiles reconstructed from DF ice‒core analysis. The results of sensitivity experiments indicate that ice thickness is the most crucial parameter influencing the computed age of the ice because it is critical to the history of basal temperature and basal melting, which can eliminate old ice. The 1-D model was applied to a 54 km long transect in the vicinity of DF and compared with radargram data. We found that the basal age of the ice is mostly controlled by the local ice thickness, demonstrating the importance of high spatial resolution surveys of bedrock topography for selecting ice-core drilling sites.
Gaussian mixture model for extreme wind turbulence estimation
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Natarajan Anand
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Uncertainty quantification is necessary in wind turbine design due to the random nature of the environmental inputs, through which the uncertainty of structural loads and response under specific situations can be quantified. Specifically, wind turbulence (described by the standard deviation of the longitudinal wind speed over a 10 min time duration) has a significant impact on the extreme and fatigue design envelope of the wind turbine. The wind parameters (mean and standard deviation of longitudinal wind speed over 10 min time duration) are not independent stochastic variables, and structural reliability analysis or uncertainty quantification therefore requires these wind parameters to be correlated stochastic parameters. An accurate probabilistic model should be established to model the correlation among wind parameters. Compared to univariate distributions, theoretical multivariate distributions are limited and not flexible enough to model the wind parameters from different sites or direction sectors. Copula-based models are often used for correlation description, but existing parametric copulas may not model the correlation among wind parameters well, due to limitations of the copula structures. The Gaussian mixture model is widely applied for density estimation and clustering in many domains, but limited studies have been conducted in wind energy and few have used it for density estimation of wind parameters. In this paper, the Gaussian mixture model is used to model the joint distribution of mean and standard deviation of longitudinal wind speed over 10 min time duration, which is calculated from 15 years of wind measurement time series data. As a comparison, the Nataf transformation (Gaussian copula) and Gumbel copula are compared with the Gaussian mixture model in terms of the estimated marginal distributions and conditional distributions. The Gaussian mixture model is then adopted to estimate the extreme wind turbulence (wind parameters for extreme load), which could be taken as an input to design loads used in the ultimate design limit state of turbine structures. The wind parameter contour associated with a 50-year return period computed from the Gaussian mixture model is compared with what is used in the design of wind turbines as given in IEC 61400-1. The Gaussian mixture model is able to model the joint distribution of wind parameters well, where the estimated tail distributions of both the marginal distributions and conditional distribution have good accuracy, and it is a good candidate for extreme turbulence estimation.
Dialogic approach to the analysis of the meaning-making process in a blended setting
Authors: Beraldo Rossana , Barbato Silviane , Ligorio M. Beatrice
Published: October 2022

This paper analyses meaning-making processes in a blended setting—face-to-face interaction and web forum—purposely created for collaborative learning activity. The analysis focuses on one pair out of 14 dyads. The dyad comprises two female students aged 17 and 18 who attended a Brazilian third-year state secondary school. We envisioned intertextuality in a seamless thematic flux using a single theme—about everyday problems in the culture—by two different problem-solving tasks. Task#1 required discussing two polemic reports published in an online newspaper: one in favour of using digital technologies in class, the other against it. Task#2 involved perspective-taking, where students should imagine the school in 20 years. Afterwards, the pair participated in an episodic interview focusing on their participation in both tasks. The interactions were video recorded. To map the meaning-making processes, we applied the dialogic thematic analysis looking for centripetal and centrifugal forces. A semantic map was drawn and discussed. Altogether, the paired and grouped collaborative activities in blended learning promoted authorial production. Our dyad achieved reflective meta-analysis when they compared their viewpoints with the perspective of their colleagues by using justifications and explanations grounded in their production, generating reflexivity and agency in dialogue.
Using KAHOOT for interactive English Learning: A review of Current Literature
Authors: Kurniawan Ridho
Published: October 2022

Use of technology has become an important part of the learning process in and out of the classroom. Every language class usually uses some form of technology. Technology has been used to both help and improve language learning. Technology enables teachers to adapt classroom activities, thus enhancing the language learning process.Technology continues to grow its importance as a tool to help teachers facilitate language learning for theirlearners. It discussed different attitudes which support English language learners to increase their learning skills through using technologies. This can make students passionate about accepting the material delivered by educators so that the effectiveness of learning can be achieved. And can making Classroom fun and not boring when we use technology in study and activities in classroom and Kahoot is present as a learning application to foster motivation and enthusiasm for learners to create conducive classroom conditions for the achievement of the effectiveness of learning.Use of the Kahoot platform used was very suitable to be used in creating interactive and fun learning.
KINEMATIC AND KINETIC EVALUATION OF JUMP-LANDING TASK IN VOLLEYBALL DEFENSE: IMPLICATIONS FOR ACL INJURY RISK ASSESSMENT
Authors: Zaheri Rafe Mohammad , Majlesi Mahdi , Azadian Elaheh , Fatahi Ali
Published: October 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biomechanics of jumping and landing in defense between beginner and professional volleyball players. 10 professional volleyball players from Iranian leagues and 10 beginners with less than 2 years of training experience participated in this study. Selected kinetic and kinematic variables in jump and landing movement in 5 tasks of volleyball defense was analyzed. There were no significant differences between beginners and professional groups in different types of jumping and landing in the phase of preparation, jumping and landing in the variables of ground reaction force in different directions except the variable YP1 in the side stepping to the left (P = 0.029) and loading rate. The results also showed that the knee flexion angle at the moment of landing in all jumps was significantly higher in professional volleyball players than in the beginner group. The difference between the groups in maximum knee flexion in the landing phase was also significant in all jumps except the side stepping to the left (p <0.05) ). Professional volleyball players have a lower risk of ACL injury than beginner volleyball players. As a result, to reduce the risk of ACL injury in beginners, it is necessary to pay attention to landing exercises and focus on increasing the flexion angle.
COMPARISON OF DOMINANT AND NONDOMINANT LEG STRENGTH AND HAMSTRING: QUADRICEPS RATIO IN PROFESSIONAL BASKETBALL PLAYERS
Authors: Aslankeser Zübeyde , Ceylan Bayram , Revan Serkan
Published: October 2022

The literature has revealed that knee injuries are the most common injury among basketball players. The strength ratios dominant/non-dominant and posterior-anterior around the knee joint are used to evaluate strength balances. But there has been far less research published about strength evaluation in professional-level basketball. The objectives of the present study were: (i) to compare hamstring and quadriceps muscles’ strength values during concentric knee extension and flexion at different angular velocities at professional level basketballers, (ii) to determine dominant and non-dominant strength values during these contractions. 13 professional male basketball athletes voluntarily participated in the study. The leg strength was evaluated with an isokinetic dynamometer at 240- 180-120-600 /s angular velocities. The hamstring and quadriceps unilateral peak torque ratio (H/Q) and dominant non-dominant strength ratio were calculated. The independent t-test was computed to bilateral and unilateral strength outputs. There was no statistically significant difference between dominant and non-dominant strength values at peak torque, normalized peak torque, and H/Q at all angular velocities. Relative peak torque outputs in both legs were similar at all angular velocities. Also, the H/Q was calculated as ≥0.60 in all velocities. The results of this study suggest there were not any significant differences in the unilateral and bilateral evaluations of professional basketballers. These nonsignificant differences could be related to the necessity to maintain similar strength of two legs.
Exports from developing countries and outward foreign direct investment: An empirical analysis
Authors: Ihsan Hajra , Mustafa Ayesha
Published: October 2022

This empirical study investigates how exports from developing countries are influenced by outward foreign direct investment. By classifying developing economies into subgroups based on income (low-income countries, lower-middle-income countries, upper-middle-income countries), as well as at the regional level (Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean), this study also tries to analyze the variation in this association at different levels of development and across different geographical regions. The study uses imbalanced panel data from 64 developing countries spanning the years 1990 to 2019 for estimation purposes and employs panel estimation techniques of fixed and random effects model. The results suggest that at the aggregate level, outward foreign direct investment has a complementary impact on the home country export performance of developing countries. Moreover, middle and upper middle-income groups of developing countries also indicate the complementary effect of investing abroad on home country exports. At the regional level, results indicate that in Asia, this complementary effect is more vital than in any other region of developing countries. It may be due to the high share of outward FDI from Asian developing countries, which leads to more exports of intermediate goods and headquarter activities from home countries. On the contrary, results indicate that OFDI substitutes for home country exports in the group of Latin America and the Caribbean countries, and these countries have a smaller and relatively more volatile share in total world outward FDI. The general complementary type relationship between OFDI and the home country's exports highlights the need to consider OFDI as a part of national development plans to attract much-needed foreign exchange reserves for the growth and development of developing countries.