bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of Ion-Capturing/Ion-Releasing Processes in Liquid Crystal Devices Utilizing Contaminated Nanoparticles and Alignment Films
Authors: Garbovskiy Yuriy
Published: January 2018

Various types of nanomaterials and alignment layers are considered major components of the next generation of advanced liquid crystal devices. While the steady-state properties of ion-capturing/ion-releasing processes in liquid crystals doped with nanoparticles and sandwiched between alignment films are relatively well understood, the kinetics of these phenomena remains practically unexplored. In this paper, the time dependence of ion-capturing/ion-releasing processes in liquid crystal cells utilizing contaminated nanoparticles and alignment layers is analyzed. The ionic contamination of both nanodopants and alignment films governs the switching between ion-capturing and ion-releasing regimes. The time dependence (both monotonous and non-monotonous) of these processes is characterized by time constants originated from the presence of nanoparticles and films, respectively. These time constants depend on the ion adsorption/ion desorption parameters and can be tuned by changing the concentration of nanoparticles, their size, and the cell thickness.
Elucidating Cellular Population Dynamics by Molecular Density Function Perturbations
Authors: Perumal Thanneer , Gunawan Rudiyanto
Published: January 2018

Studies performed at single-cell resolution have demonstrated the physiological significance of cell-to-cell variability. Various types of mathematical models and systems analyses of biological networks have further been used to gain a better understanding of the sources and regulatory mechanisms of such variability. In this work, we present a novel sensitivity analysis method, called molecular density function perturbation (MDFP), for the dynamical analysis of cellular heterogeneity. The proposed analysis is based on introducing perturbations to the density or distribution function of the cellular state variables at specific time points, and quantifying how such perturbations affect the state distribution at later time points. We applied the MDFP analysis to a model of a signal transduction pathway involving TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand)-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells. The MDFP analysis shows that caspase-8 activation regulates the timing of the switch-like increase of cPARP (cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase), an indicator of apoptosis. Meanwhile, the cell-to-cell variability in the commitment to apoptosis depends on mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) and events following MOMP, including the release of Smac (second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases) and cytochrome c from mitochondria, the inhibition of XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis) by Smac, and the formation of the apoptosome.
Spirituality and Health: A Middle Eastern Perspective
Authors: Weathers Elizabeth
Published: January 2018

Previous spirituality studies have mostly been conducted in a Western context (Moberg 2002; Koenig et al. 2012). However, an increasing number of studies are originating from Middle Eastern countries (Koenig et al. 2012). There is a need to review the current status of Middle Eastern research to identify priorities for future research. A search was conducted in two electronic databases: CINAHL and Medline. A final sample of 28 articles was included in the review. Eighteen articles reported on quantitative studies and ten reported on qualitative studies. The majority of previous research has been conducted in Iran (n = 16) and Jordan (n = 6). A total of 3096 participants were included in the studies ranging from 2004 to 2017. Two studies were randomised controlled trials. Most of the qualitative studies aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the concept of spirituality from a Muslim-Arabic perspective. Qualitative findings have conceptualised spirituality as meaning in life, connection, peace and transcendence. In conclusion, there are both differences and similarities between Middle Eastern and Western research on spiritualty and health. Further exploration is warranted to include comparative studies between patient and nurse populations in Western societies and in the Middle East.
Simultaneous Event-Triggered Fault Detection and Estimation for Stochastic Systems Subject to Deception Attacks
Authors: Li Yunji , Wu QingE , Peng Li
Published: January 2018

In this paper, a synthesized design of fault-detection filter and fault estimator is considered for a class of discrete-time stochastic systems in the framework of event-triggered transmission scheme subject to unknown disturbances and deception attacks. A random variable obeying the Bernoulli distribution is employed to characterize the phenomena of the randomly occurring deception attacks. To achieve a fault-detection residual is only sensitive to faults while robust to disturbances, a coordinate transformation approach is exploited. This approach can transform the considered system into two subsystems and the unknown disturbances are removed from one of the subsystems. The gain of fault-detection filter is derived by minimizing an upper bound of filter error covariance. Meanwhile, system faults can be reconstructed by the remote fault estimator. An recursive approach is developed to obtain fault estimator gains as well as guarantee the fault estimator performance. Furthermore, the corresponding event-triggered sensor data transmission scheme is also presented for improving working-life of the wireless sensor node when measurement information are aperiodically transmitted. Finally, a scaled version of an industrial system consisting of local PC, remote estimator and wireless sensor node is used to experimentally evaluate the proposed theoretical results. In particular, a novel fault-alarming strategy is proposed so that the real-time capacity of fault-detection is guaranteed when the event condition is triggered.
From Heavy-Ion Collisions to Compact Stars: Equation of State and Relevance of the System Size
Authors: Mogliacci Sylvain , Kolbé Isobel , Horowitz W.
Published: January 2018

In this article, we start by presenting state-of-the-art methods allowing us to compute moments related to the globally conserved baryon number, by means of first principle resummed perturbative frameworks. We focus on such quantities for they convey important properties of the finite temperature and density equation of state, being particularly sensitive to changes in the degrees of freedom across the quark-hadron phase transition. We thus present various number susceptibilities along with the corresponding results as obtained by lattice quantum chromodynamics collaborations, and comment on their comparison. Next, omitting the importance of coupling corrections and considering a zero-density toy model for the sake of argument, we focus on corrections due to the small size of heavy-ion collision systems, by means of spatial compactifications. Briefly motivating the relevance of finite size effects in heavy-ion physics, in opposition to the compact star physics, we present a few preliminary thermodynamic results together with the speed of sound for certain finite size relativistic quantum systems at very high temperature.
Development of an Indirect ELISA Based on a Recombinant Chimeric Protein for the Detection of Antibodies against Bovine Babesiosis
Authors: Jaramillo Ortiz José , Montenegro Valeria , De la Fournière Sofía , Sarmiento Néstor , Farber Marisa , Wilkowsky Silvina
Published: January 2018

The current method for Babesia spp. serodiagnosis based on a crude merozoite antigen is a complex and time-consuming procedure. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) based on a recombinant multi-antigen of Babesia bovis (rMABbO) was developed for detection of antibodies in bovines suspected of infection with this parasite. The multi-antigen comprises gene fragments of three previously characterized B. bovis antigens: MSA-2c, RAP-1 and the Heat Shock protein 20 that are well-conserved among geographically distant strains. The cutoff value for the new rMABbo-iELISA was determined using 75 known—positive and 300 known—negative bovine sera previously tested for antibodies to B. bovis by the gold-standard ELISA which uses a merozoite lysate. A cutoff value of ≥35% was determined in these samples by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, showing a sensitivity of 95.9% and a specificity of 94.3%. The rMABbo-iELISA was further tested in a blind trial using an additional set of 263 field bovine sera from enzootic and tick-free regions of Argentina. Results showed a good agreement with the gold standard test with a Cohen’s kappa value of 0.76. Finally, the prevalence of bovine babesiosis in different tick enzootic regions of Argentina was analyzed where seropositivity values among 68–80% were obtained. A certain level of cross reaction was observed when samples from B. bigemina infected cattle were analyzed with the new test, which can be attributed to shared epitopes between 2 of the 3 antigens. This new rMABbo-iELISA could be considered a simpler alternative to detect anti Babesia spp. antibodies and appears to be well suited to perform epidemiological surveys at the herd level in regions where ticks are present.
Long-Term Stability of Low-Pressure Reverse Osmosis (RO) Membrane Operation—A Pilot Scale Study
Authors: Park Hyung-Gyu , Kwon Young-Nam
Published: January 2018

Reverse osmosis (RO) elements operating at a low pressure (LP) or a low energy (LE) are generally called “LPRO” or “LERO”, and the nomenclature “LP” and “LE” are convertible due to the interrelated features of the pressure and the energy in the RO process. Not only can LPRO be operated at lower pressures, which enables energy saving, but also at the standard operating pressure with an enhanced permeate flux. In this study, the feasibility of the LPRO element was evaluated in the face of high fouling potential feed water. The commercially available standard RO and LPRO were chosen, and the membrane properties including the fouling susceptibility and the surface characteristics were thoroughly evaluated. The variations of various performance parameters were monitored during an 872 h operation in a pilot system, which was operated in a constant flux mode. Then, the used membranes were analyzed to further verify the fouling load localization and the fouling intensities. The average flux variation of the individual RO elements in a vessel and the economic feasibility of LPRO were also evaluated through a simulation study using an RO system design software. This study showed that the localization of fouling load within a pressure vessel of an LPRO system caused about 20% higher flux decline and almost 2-times higher salt passage than those of a standard RO membrane system. Furthermore, the simulation study predicted that average operating pressure difference ratio (%) between two RO membranes decreased from 24.4% to 17.8% and a substantial quantity of LPRO elements (83.3%) must be replaced to meet the designated water criteria only after 2 years’ operation.
Early Soft X-Ray to UV Emission from Double Neutron Star Mergers: Implications from the Long-term Observations of GW170817
Authors: Wang Xiang-Yu , Huang Zhi-Qiu
Published: January 2018

Recent long-term radio follow-up observations of GW170817 reveal a simple power-law rising light curve, with a slope of

, up to 93 days after the merger. The latest X-ray detection at 109 days is also consistent with such a temporal slope. Such a shallow rise behavior requires a mildly relativistic outflow with a steep velocity gradient profile, so that slower material with larger energy catches up with the decelerating ejecta and re-energizes it. It has been suggested that this mildly relativistic outflow may represent a cocoon of material. We suggest that the velocity gradient profile may form during the stage that the cocoon is breaking out of the merger ejecta, resulting from shock propagation down a density gradient. The cooling of the hot relativistic cocoon material immediately after it breaks out should have produced soft X-ray to UV radiation at tens of seconds to hours after the merger. The soft X-ray emission has a luminosity of

over a period of tens of seconds for a merger event like GW170817. The UV emission shows a rise initially and peaks at about a few hours with a luminosity of

. The soft X-ray transients could be detected by future wide-angle X-ray detectors, such as the Chinese mission Einstein Probe. This soft X-ray/UV emission would serve as one of the earliest electromagnetic counterparts of gravitation waves from double neutron star mergers and could provide the earliest localization of the sources.
The Orbit of GW170817 Was Inclined by Less Than 28° to the Line of Sight
Authors: Mandel Ilya
Published: January 2018

We combine the gravitational-wave measurement of the effective distance to the binary neutron star merger GW170817, the redshift of its host galaxy NGC 4993, and the latest Hubble constant measurement from the Dark Energy Survey to constrain the inclination between the orbital angular momentum of the binary and the line of sight to 18° ± 8° (less than 28° at 90% confidence). This provides a complementary constraint on models of potential afterglow observations.
VLBI Imaging of M81* at λ = 3.4 mm with Source-frequency Phase-referencing
Authors: Jiang 江 Wu 悟 , Shen 沈志 Zhiqiang 强 , Jiang 蒋栋 Dongrong 荣 , Martí-Vidal Ivan , Kawaguchi Noriyuki
Published: January 2018

We report on the first VLBI image of the M81 nucleus (M81*) at a wavelength of 3.4 mm, obtained with the source-frequency phase-referencing (SFPR) technique. Thanks to the SFPR calibration, the coherent integration time eventually could be increased by more than an order of magnitude, which enabled the detection of fringes at the level of 45 mJy beam−1 with a dynamic range higher than 130:1. This paves the way toward future millimeter/submillimeter VLBI observations of weaker sources. From the analysis of the M81* visibilities, a core size of ∼50 μas at 3.4 mm was estimated. This follows the power-law relationship with wavelength,

, reported previously at lower frequencies. These results constrain the core size (at 3.4 mm) to a minimum of ∼80 Schwarzschild radii of M81*.
Corporate responsibility toward social transformation. The case of a waste picker empowerment project in Mexico
Authors: L’Huillier Hélène , Renouard Cécile
Published: January 2018

This paper builds on a case study of a project carried out with waste pickers in Mexico to discuss the notion of empowerment and its transposition to the private sector in corporate social responsibility projects. A difference-indifference analysis provides evidence that the main levers of empowerment activated by this project are not economic but socio-political, which stresses the political responsibility of multinational corporations.
L’évaluation des politiques paritaires de formation
Authors: Gassert Edine
Published: January 2018

Depuis plusieurs années, la pratique de l’évaluation connait un développement sans précédent dans le cadre de la gouvernance paritaire nationale de formation professionnelle. Cette note explore les dynamiques de ce mouvement institutionnel, à partir de l’examen des pratiques et des dispositifs à l’œuvre depuis la réforme de 2009. Si certaines innovations laissent suggérer un processus collectif d’apprentissage réel, la portée de l’évaluation demeure aujourd’hui limitée et son ancrage institutionnel balbutiant.
Population Health Management and the Science of Individuality
Authors: Moumtzoglou Anastasius , Pouliakis Abraham
Published: January 2018

This article espouses that population health management (PHM) has been a discipline which studies and facilitates care delivery across a group of individuals or the general population. In the context of population health management, the life science industry has had no motivation to design drugs or devices that are only effective for a distinct segment of the population. The major outgrowth of the science of individuality, as well as the rising ‘wiki medicine', fully recognizes the uniqueness of the individual. Cloud computing, Big Data and M-Health technologies offer the resources to deal with the shortcomings of the population health management approach, as they facilitate the propagation of the science of individuality.
Intralesional Tranexamic Acid
Authors: Veggalam Vani , Perumalla Nataraj
Published: January 2018

Many studies suggested the use of tranexamic acid (TA) as a treatment modality for melasma, however, there are many limitations in the use of oral and intravenous dosage forms of TA because of adverse effects and contraindications resulted by its thrombolytic property. Topical application of TA is not effective because of its poor penetration through epidermis. Intradermal injections into the localized lesions of melasma regions or intralesional administration of TA were reported to be effective way of treatment for melasma with minimum risk of adverse effects. We report a case of a 40-year-old woman, who was treated with a minimum effective dilution of intradermal TA at localized hyperpigmented regions. The results were noted and analyzed with photographs taken during the treatment and by considering the patient satisfaction scores. The patient showed good improvement at the end of 4 weeks.
Intralesional Bleomycin in the Treatment of Common Warts
Authors: Unni Mahesh , Tapare Vaibhav
Published: January 2018

Background:

Warts are one of the most common benign growths in the dermatological outpatient department but are many times tough to treat as they are chronic, resistant, and relapsing to available treatment. A variety of therapeutic modalities have been used with varying degree of success. However, till date, no therapeutic modality had been fully successful.

Aim and Objectives:

The present study was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of intralesional (IL) bleomycin injection in common warts.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 50 patients of common warts were enrolled in this evaluator blinded randomized placebo-controlled study. Group A consists of patients to be treated with IL bleomycin, and Group B consists of patients to be treated with IL normal saline. A total of 25 patients were enrolled in each group. Patients of both groups were asked to follow-up after 4 weeks for maximum of 4 times, i.e. at 8 weeks, 12 weeks, at the end of 6 months as a final visit, and assessed clinically every time.

Results:

Out of 87 wart lesions in Group A patients, 81 (93.10%) showed a complete resolution. A progressive clearance of the warts was seen, after the first injection (64%) and second injection (36%), only 6 warty growths (7%) were nonresponders to treatment. However, in Group B, only 4 (5%) showed disappearance within 12 weeks and even after 6 months of follow-up (P < 0.05 by × 2 analysis and risk ratio = 7.67).

Conclusion:

IL bleomycin injection was significantly safer and effective, with better patient acceptance in treating common warts.
A Case of Type 1 Pachyonychia Congenita with Response to Acitretin
Authors: Supekar Bhagyashree Babanrao , Rambhia Kinjal Deepak , Mukhi Jayesh Ishwardas , Singh Rajesh Pratap
Published: January 2018

An 8-year-old male born of nonconsanguineous marriage presented with multiple raised lesions all over the body, over palms and soles, and thickening of all nails of fingers and toes for 5 years. On examination, there were hyperkeratotic plaques over palms and soles with subungual hyperkeratosis of all finger and toe nails. Oral cavity revealed white hyperkeratotic plaque over buccal mucosa. There were hyperkeratotic papules distributed over dorsum of hands, feet, elbows, knees, trunk, and thighs. Biopsy taken from hyperkeratotic lesion over palms revealed findings suggestive of palmoplantar keratoderma. Considering the clinical features and histopathological examination, a diagnosis of Type 1 pachyonychia congenita was made. After hematological investigations, the patient was started on oral acitretin at a dose of 25 mg thrice a week. There was a marked improvement in the form of reduced hyperkeratosis over palms and soles and subsidence of hyperkeratotic papules and oral lesions, 2 months after treatment with acitretin.
Successful Use of Propranolol in Infantile Hemangiomas
Authors: Saoji Rajendra , Shirolikar Manasi
Published: January 2018

Infantile hemangioma (IH) is a benign vascular tumor of the capillary endothelium that exhibits a characteristic clinical course of early rapid growth followed by spontaneous slow involution by the first decade of life. Most IHs regress spontaneously by the end of the 1st year, but some may require urgent medical or surgical intervention if they encroach on vital organs affecting their function; or may cause significant cosmetic disfigurement on the resolution. We report three cases of large IHs over eyelid, vulva, and the tongue which were causing considerable impairment or were cosmetically disfiguring and in whom surgery was difficult due to their anatomic location. In these cases, oral propranolol therapy was initiated with successful outcomes. Propranolol was well tolerated in all these patients without significant side effects.
Prevention and management of thalidomide toxicity
Authors: Doshi Bhavana Ravindra , Chougule Nagbhushan Shreyans , Manjunathswamy B S
Published: January 2018

Thalidomide is a drug whose efficacy been reported in numerous conditions which can be attributable to its various mechanism of actions. Hence it would be prudent to know its side effects and its subsequent management so as to use it effectively. The current article reviews side effects of thalidomide and discusses methods of prevention and management of thalidomide toxicity.
Topical Steroid-Dependent Face
Authors: Kakkar Sushil , Sharma Prafulla K
Published: January 2018

Unsupervised and long-term use of fluorinated/potent topical steroids on the face can lead to side effects such as acne, skin thinning, photosensitivity, and a typical clinical presentation of a topical steroid-dependent face (TSDF) with rebound flushing, burning, dryness, and scaling on attempted withdrawal of the potent topical steroid cream. To evaluate the response of a commercially available nasal decongested solution of xylometazoline 0.05% in patients of long-term potent topical steroid abuse on the face. Two patients with a history of long-term, indiscriminate, and unsupervised topical steroid use on the face were asked to use a commercially available nasal decongestant solution, on face. Patients were asked to use the decongestant solution on face, once daily for 2 weeks. Follow-up after 2 weeks demonstrated excellent improvement in flushing and erythema. Side effects reported were transient tingling and stinging sensation. Xylometazoline, being an alpha-adrenergic agonist, presents an effective new option for treatment in patients of flushing and erythema, resulting from long-term topical steroid use on face.
Об асимптотике спектра задачи Неймана для уравнения Штурма-Лиувилля с арифметически самоподобным весом обобщенного канторовского типа
Authors: Rastegaev Nikita Vladimirovich
Published: January 2018

Изучается спектральная асимптотика задачи Штурма-Лиувилля с сингулярной арифметически самоподобной весовой мерой. Полученные ранее результаты А. А. Владимирова и И. А. Шейпака, а также автора, опирающиеся на свойство спектральной периодичности, накладывают значительные ограничения на параметры самоподобия. В данной работе предлагается новый метод оценки считающей функции собственных значений. Это позволяет рассмотреть существенно более широкий класс самоподобных мер.
К распределению нулевых множеств голоморфных функций
Authors: Khabibullin Bulat Nurmievich , Rozit A P
Published: January 2018

Пусть $M$ - субгармоническая функция с мерой Рисса $\nu_M$ в области $D$ из $n$-мерного комплексного евклидова пространства $\mathbb C^n$, $f$ - ненулевая голоморфная в $D$ функция, которая обращается в нуль на множестве ${\mathsf Z}\subset D$, и $|f|\le \exp M$ на $D$. Тогда ограничения на рост меры Рисса $\nu_M$ функции $M$ вблизи границы области $D$ влекут за собой определенные ограничения на размеры или площадь/объем множества $\mathsf Z$. Количественная форма исследования этого явления дается в субгармоническом обрамлении.
Неуниформизуемые множества второго проективного уровня со счетными сечениями в виде классов Витали
Authors: Kanovei Vladimir Grigorevich , Lyubetskii Vasilii Aleksandrovich
Published: January 2018

Используя произведение инвариантных форсингов Йенсена, мы строим модель теории множеств $\mathbf{ZFC}$, в которой принцип униформизации не выполняется для некоторого плоского множества типа $\varPi_2^1$, все вертикальные сечения которого являются счетными множествами, и, более определенно, классами Витали. Также определена подмодель этой модели, в которой истинно, что существует счетная $\varPi_2^1$-последовательность классов Витали $P_n$, объединение $\bigcup_nP_n$ которых не является счетным множеством; в этой подмодели аксиома выбора, разумеется, не имеет места.
Библиография: 30 наименований.
Corneal Cross-linking in Combination with Intracorneal Ring Segments
Authors: Kiliç Aylin
Published: January 2018

The goal of ring segment surgery is to reduce the degree of myopia and astigmatism, improving uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity. The crosslinking is a procedure used for stabilizing the cornea in patients with progressive keratoconus. Corneal crosslinking surgery and combination of an intracorneal ring segments seems to be as effective for corneal stability and refractive improvement in keratoconic eyes.

How to cite this article

Kiliç A. Corneal Cross-linking in Combination with Intracorneal Ring Segments. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2017;6(2):92-96.
Signing Up in the Shipyard
Authors: Windham Lane
Published: January 2018

This chapter recounts the successful effort by a multi-racial group of 19,000 men and women at the Newport News shipyard to form a union with the steelworkers union in 1978, and a brutal strike in 1979 in which the workers fought for a union contract. The civil and women’s rights movements clearly fed the union fire in this organizing campaign.
Congo Love Song
Authors: Dworkin Ira
Published: January 2018

In his 1903 hit "Congo Love Song," James Weldon Johnson recounts a sweet if seemingly generic romance between two young Africans. While the song’s title may appear consistent with that narrative, it also invokes the site of King Leopold II of Belgium’s brutal colonial regime at a time when African Americans were playing a central role in a growing Congo reform movement. In an era when popular vaudeville music frequently trafficked in racist language and imagery, "Congo Love Song" emerges as one example of the many ways that African American activists, intellectuals, and artists called attention to colonialism in Africa. In this book, Ira Dworkin examines black Americans’ long cultural and political engagement with the Congo and its people. Through studies of George Washington Williams, Booker T. Washington, Pauline Hopkins, Langston Hughes, Malcolm X, and other figures, he brings to light a long-standing relationship that challenges familiar presumptions about African American commitments to Africa. Dworkin offers compelling new ways to understand how African American involvement in the Congo has helped shape anticolonialism, black aesthetics, and modern black nationalism.
Place of Stone
Authors: Hunter Douglas
Published: January 2018

Claimed by many to be the most frequently documented artifact in American archeology, Dighton Rock is a forty-ton boulder covered in petroglyphs in southern Massachusetts. First noted by New England colonists in 1680, the rock’s markings have been debated endlessly by scholars and everyday people alike on both sides of the Atlantic. The glyphs have been erroneously assigned to an array of non-Indigenous cultures: Norsemen, Egyptians, Lost Tribes of Israel, vanished Portuguese explorers, and even a prince from Atlantis. In this fascinating story rich in personalities and memorable characters, Douglas Hunter uses Dighton Rock to reveal the long, complex history of colonization, American archaeology, and the conceptualization of Indigenous people. Hunter argues that misinterpretations of the rock’s markings share common motivations and have erased Indigenous people not only from their own history but from the landscape. He shows how Dighton Rock for centuries drove ideas about the original peopling of the Americas, including Bering Strait migration scenarios and the identity of the "Mound Builders." He argues the debates over Dighton Rock have served to answer two questions: Who belongs in America, and to whom does America belong?
Val-Kill Industries
Authors: Wilson Emily Herring
Published: January 2018

In 1927 with Nancy Cook at the helm, the three friends (plus
Caroline O'Day as a partner) opened a small furniture factory on site, and hired several skilled wood workmen (NYC immigrants) to produce fine American reproduction furniture. Eleanor Roosevelt bought many pieces, encouraged purchases by her friends, and Val-Kill had sales exhibits in NYC. Although they never were able to employ a large number of local workers, as Nancy and Eleanor and FDR had hoped would be a precursor of later New Deal employment projects, for about a decade they kept the business going during the most difficult years of the Depression. They demonstrated the business interests of the New Woman. Val-Kill furniture today is prized by collectors.
Epilogue
Authors: Wilson Emily Herring
Published: January 2018

Eleanor Roosevelt and Nancy Cook after several years of declining health died within weeks of one another in 1962. Eleanor had kept active right up to the end. Nan was living in a nursing home in Connecticut, looked after by Marion and visited by Eleanor. Marion advised sculptor Eric Guglar on the design for a memorial to Eleanor Rooevelt at the United Nations. Eleanor's home in the renovated factory at Val-Kill was rescued from developers by a group of benefactors and gifted to the National Park Service, where tours of the Eleanor Roosevelt Historic Site are open to the public. Stone Cottage is used for exhibits.
Knocking at the White House Door: Rose Schneiderman, Pauline Newman, and the Campaign for Labor Legislation, 1910–1945
Authors: Orleck Annelise
Published: January 2018

The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in 1911 made labor activists keenly aware of the need for regulatory labor legislation as well as strikes and street protests. This chapter traces the evolving friendship of Newman and Schneiderman with Frances Perkins, Eleanor Roosevelt and Franklin Roosevelt and argues that these Jewish immigrant Socialist garment workers helped shape the 20th century regulatory state and social safety net.
Epilogue. Reflections on Women and Activism
Authors: Orleck Annelise
Published: January 2018

I did my share, that’s all.

—Pauline Newman, on the significance of her long career

In September 1962, Justice ran a two-part profile of Fannia Cohn. The ILGWU journal paid tribute to the elderly woman warrior as an organizer and as the driving force behind the international workers’ education movement. “Throughout the world,” Leon Stein wrote, “those concerned with worker’s education know her well. … Her name, many years ago, came to stand for pioneering efforts to increase the educational opportunities for men and women in the shops.”...
Emission of nitrous acid from soil and biological soil crusts represents an important source of HONO in the remote atmosphere in Cyprus
Authors: Meusel Hannah , Tamm Alexandra , Kuhn Uwe , Wu Dianming , Leifke Anna Lena , Fiedler Sabine , Ruckteschler Nina , Yordanova Petya , Lang-Yona Naama , Pöhlker Mira , Lelieveld Jos , Hoffmann Thorsten , Pöschl Ulrich , Su Hang , Weber Bettina , Cheng Yafang
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Soil and biological soil crusts can emit nitrous acid (HONO) and
nitric oxide (NO). The terrestrial ground surface in arid and semiarid
regions is anticipated to play an important role in the local atmospheric
HONO budget, deemed to represent one of the unaccounted-for HONO sources
frequently observed in field studies. In this study HONO and NO emissions
from a representative variety of soil and biological soil crust samples from
the Mediterranean island Cyprus were investigated under controlled laboratory
conditions. A wide range of fluxes was observed, ranging from 0.6 to 264 ng m−2 s−1
HONO-N at optimal soil water content (20–30 % of water
holding capacity, WHC). Maximum NO-N fluxes at this WHC were lower (0.8–121 ng m−2 s−1).
The highest emissions of both reactive nitrogen species
were found from bare soil, followed by light and dark cyanobacteria-dominated
biological soil crusts (biocrusts), correlating well with the sample nutrient
levels (nitrite and nitrate). Extrapolations of lab-based HONO emission
studies agree well with the unaccounted-for HONO source derived previously for
the extensive CYPHEX field campaign, i.e., emissions from soil and biocrusts
may essentially close the Cyprus HONO budget.
Quantifying human impacts on hydrological drought using a combined modelling approach in a tropical river basin in central Vietnam
Authors: Firoz A. B. M. , Nauditt Alexandra , Fink Manfred , Ribbe Lars
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Hydrological droughts are one of the most damaging disasters in terms of economic loss in central Vietnam and other regions of South-east Asia, severely affecting agricultural production and drinking water supply. Their increasing frequency and severity can be attributed to extended dry spells and increasing water abstractions for e.g. irrigation and hydropower development to meet the demand of dynamic socioeconomic development. Based on hydro-climatic data for the period from 1980 to 2013 and reservoir operation data, the impacts of recent hydropower development and other alterations of the hydrological network on downstream streamflow and drought risk were assessed for a mesoscale basin of steep topography in central Vietnam, the Vu Gia Thu Bon (VGTB) River basin. The Just Another Modelling System (JAMS)/J2000 was calibrated for the VGTB River basin to simulate reservoir inflow and the naturalized discharge time series for the downstream gauging stations. The HEC-ResSim reservoir operation model simulated reservoir outflow from eight major hydropower stations as well as the reconstructed streamflow for the main river branches Vu Gia and Thu Bon. Drought duration, severity, and frequency were analysed for different timescales for the naturalized and reconstructed streamflow by applying the daily varying threshold method. Efficiency statistics for both models show good results. A strong impact of reservoir operation on downstream discharge at the daily, monthly, seasonal, and annual scales was detected for four discharge stations relevant for downstream water allocation. We found a stronger hydrological drought risk for the Vu Gia river supplying water to the city of Da Nang and large irrigation systems especially in the dry season. We conclude that the calibrated model set-up provides a valuable tool to quantify the different origins of drought to support cross-sectorial water management and planning in a suitable way to be transferred to similar river basins.
Ensemble-based assimilation of fractional snow-covered area satellite retrievals to estimate the snow distribution at Arctic sites
Authors: Aalstad Kristoffer , Westermann Sebastian , Schuler Thomas Vikhamar , Boike Julia , Bertino Laurent
Published: January 2018

Abstract. With its high albedo, low thermal conductivity and large water storing capacity, snow strongly modulates the surface energy and water balance, which makes it a critical factor in mid- to high-latitude and mountain environments. However, estimating the snow water equivalent (SWE) is challenging in remote-sensing applications already at medium spatial resolutions of 1 km. We present an ensemble-based data assimilation framework that estimates the peak subgrid SWE distribution (SSD) at the 1 km scale by assimilating fractional snow-covered area (fSCA) satellite retrievals in a simple snow model forced by downscaled reanalysis data. The basic idea is to relate the timing of the snow cover depletion (accessible from satellite products) to the peak SSD. Peak subgrid SWE is assumed to be lognormally distributed, which can be translated to a modeled time series of fSCA through the snow model. Assimilation of satellite-derived fSCA facilitates the estimation of the peak SSD, while taking into account uncertainties in both the model and the assimilated data sets. As an extension to previous studies, our method makes use of the novel (to snow data assimilation) ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation (ES-MDA) scheme combined with analytical Gaussian anamorphosis to assimilate time series of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Sentinel-2 fSCA retrievals. The scheme is applied to Arctic sites near Ny-Ålesund (79° N, Svalbard, Norway) where field measurements of fSCA and SWE distributions are available. The method is able to successfully recover accurate estimates of peak SSD on most of the occasions considered. Through the ES-MDA assimilation, the root-mean-square error (RMSE) for the fSCA, peak mean SWE and peak subgrid coefficient of variation is improved by around 75, 60 and 20 %, respectively, when compared to the prior, yielding RMSEs of 0.01, 0.09 m water equivalent (w.e.) and 0.13, respectively. The ES-MDA either outperforms or at least nearly matches the performance of other ensemble-based batch smoother schemes with regards to various evaluation metrics. Given the modularity of the method, it could prove valuable for a range of satellite-era hydrometeorological reanalyses.
Monitoring glacier albedo as a proxy to derive summer and annual surface mass balances from optical remote-sensing data
Authors: Davaze Lucas , Rabatel Antoine , Arnaud Yves , Sirguey Pascal , Six Delphine , Letreguilly Anne , Dumont Marie
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Less than 0.25 % of the 250 000 glaciers inventoried in the Randolph Glacier Inventory (RGI V.5) are currently monitored with in situ measurements of surface mass balance. Increasing this archive is very challenging, especially using time-consuming methods based on in situ measurements, and complementary methods are required to quantify the surface mass balance of unmonitored glaciers. The current study relies on the so-called albedo method, based on the analysis of albedo maps retrieved from optical satellite imagery acquired since 2000 by the MODIS sensor, on board the TERRA satellite. Recent studies revealed substantial relationships between summer minimum glacier-wide surface albedo and annual surface mass balance, because this minimum surface albedo is directly related to the accumulation–area ratio and the equilibrium-line altitude. On the basis of 30 glaciers located in the French Alps where annual surface mass balance data are available, our study conducted on the period 2000–2015 confirms the robustness and reliability of the relationship between the summer minimum surface albedo and the annual surface mass balance. For the ablation season, the integrated summer surface albedo is significantly correlated with the summer surface mass balance of the six glaciers seasonally monitored. These results are promising to monitor both annual and summer glacier-wide surface mass balances of individual glaciers at a regional scale using optical satellite images. A sensitivity study on the computed cloud masks revealed a high confidence in the retrieved albedo maps, restricting the number of omission errors. Albedo retrieval artifacts have been detected for topographically incised glaciers, highlighting limitations in the shadow correction algorithm, although inter-annual comparisons are not affected by systematic errors.
Editions (1920 versus 1947) and Performance Questions
Authors: Gann Kyle
Published: January 2018

In 1947 Ives finally managed to bring out a much-revised second edition of the Concord Sonata, and the changes reveal much about his compositional process and ability to self-criticize. Contrary to what has been asserted by Elliott Carter and others, Ives was not merely trying to modernize the piece, but to improve its notation and in many cases to add back in some of the complexity that had been too timidly omitted from the first edition. Some 42 recordings of the Concord are summarily discussed (it may be the most widely recorded modern piano work), along with Henry Brant’s orchestration of the piece, A Concord Symphony.
Epilogue
Authors: Cooper Brittney C.
Published: January 2018

Despite the fact that Black feminism, as a critical locus of Black women’s twentieth century knowledge production, has become a fully institutionalized field of academic specialization since the late 1970s, the contention of this book has been that there is still a requisite and tacit failure to take Black women’s work, as thinkers and theorists on broader questions affecting Black people, seriously. Yes, Black feminist women’s arguments about the centrality of gender to racial concerns have gained major academic currency, as evidenced by the broad use of intersectional discourse in numerous fields and disciplines. And yes, the new Black Lives Matter Movement, particularly as conceived by Garza, Tometi, and Cullors has made Black feminist politics the currency of Black radical thought. But the fact that Alicia Garza’s comments written in the second decade of the twenty-first century, sound eerily similar to commentary from Anna Julia Cooper writing in the nineteenth century, and Pauli Murray, Toni Cade Bambara and bell hooks writing in the twentieth suggests that not enough has changed.
Crossing the Bridge
Authors: Kincaid Paul
Published: January 2018

This chapter considers the early career of Iain Banks, covering his childhood, his meeting with Ken MacLeod, the shaping of their ideas about science fiction, his university career and his early, unpublished fiction. It looks at the influence of Erving Goffman and R.D. Laing on his work, particularly Laing’s notion of the divided self which would play a part in all of his fiction. It looks at his controversial debut, The Wasp Factory, the structural experimentation of Walking on Glass, and the influence of Alasdair Gray’s Lanark on The Bridge.
The Rise of Baking Powder Business
Authors: Civitello Linda
Published: January 2018

In antebellum America, baking powder experimentation moved out of women’s kitchens and into men’s laboratories as chemistry became a serious discipline. In 1856, Eben Horsford, a chemistry professor at Harvard, patented the first true baking powder, which he called yeast powder. It coincided with the discovery that yeast was a live fungus, which disgusted Americans concerned about food adulteration, and who flocked to baking powder bread made without fermentation. In 1868, in New York City, salesman William Ziegler, together with pharmacists the Hoagland brothers, formed the Royal Baking Powder Company, which used cream of tartar, a formula different from Horsford’s.
What Is Pastoralism?
Authors: Saylor Eric
Published: January 2018

This chapter establishes a framework for understanding pastoralism from both expressive and stylistic perspectives. The first half of the chapter draws upon the work of various literary critics (including Paul Alpers, Terry Gifford, and Annabel Patterson) in order to establish three broad thematic or topical categories for pastoral artworks: Arcadian, soft, and hard. The remainder of the chapter examines pastoralism in terms of its style, providing an overview of both the musical traits associated with it and the major critical and interpretive issues they raise—most notably, concerns with pastoralism’s perceived engagement with the feminine.
Utopia
Authors: Saylor Eric
Published: January 2018

Pastoralism can take on utopian contexts as well as Arcadian ones, imagining a potentially brighter future rather than an idealized and fictitious past. While traditional metaphors of Christ as the Good Shepherd seem appropriate in such a context, several British composers engage with a broader utopian perspective largely detached from narrowly dogmatic forms of religious belief. Their visionary ethos—in some cases, reflecting the prophetic spirituality of figures like William Blake—provides a means of engaging with utopian thought in music that has been largely overlooked, providing new and often unexpected revelations about the significance of their pastoral works.
2017/40 The right of trade unions acting on a territorial level to represent employees and take part in the information and consultation procedures in the workplace (LI)
Authors: Petrylaite Vida
Published: January 2018

2017/40 The right of trade unions acting on a territorial level to represent employees and take part in the information and consultation procedures in the workplace (LI)

The Lithuanian Supreme Court ruled that a trade union acting on a territorial level has no right to represent all the employees in a single enterprise or participate in information and consultation procedures, if (i) the majority of the employees have not specifically accorded this function to the trade union or (ii) the trade union is not able to prove that a structural sub-unit has been established in that enterprise.
2017/44 Dismissal based on the ‘Bradford factor’ does not necessarily constitute discrimination (BE)
Authors: Busschaert Gautier
Published: January 2018

2017/44 Dismissal based on the ‘Bradford factor’ does not necessarily constitute discrimination (BE)

On 10 January 2017, the Labour Court of Mons ruled that in the case of a collective dismissal, an employer may use absenteeism measured by the Bradford factor as a criterion for selecting employees for redundancy, without breaching anti-discrimination law.
2017/45 No overtime premiums under collective bargaining agreements for individually agreed part-time employment (GE)
Authors: Schreiner Paul
Published: January 2018

2017/45 No overtime premiums under collective bargaining agreements for individually agreed part-time employment (GE)

A clause in a collective bargaining agreement stipulating that overtime premiums for part time employees are only payable if their monthly working hours exceed those of a full-time employee is not discriminatory.
2017/49 Employer’s obligation to offer work and provide training at the end of fixed-term employment contract (FI)
Authors: Swanljung Kaj , Nurminen Janne
Published: January 2018

Employer’s obligation to offer work and provide training at the end of fixed-term employment contract (FI)

The Supreme Court of Finland has ruled that an employer had legitimate grounds to make 16 consecutive fixed-term employment contracts with an employee who did not hold the degree required by law for permanent employment as a social worker. However, the employer had neglected its obligation to offer work and provide training for the employee and was obliged to pay compensation for unjustified termination of the employment relationship.
2017/51 A closer look at punitive sanctions law and the freedom of service provision (NL)
Authors: Maes Bart J.
Published: January 2018

2017/51 A closer look at punitive sanctions law and the freedom of service provision (NL)

The highest administrative court in the Netherlands has delivered a razor-sharp ruling on the intra-community service provision set out in Articles 56 and 57 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union). This concerns ‘new’ EU-nationals who are still under transitional measures with regard to access to the labour markets of ‘old’ EU Member States. The judgment was preceded by a request from the Chairman to a State Councillor Advocate General to deliver his opinion on various aspects of punitive administrative law practice in the Netherlands. Both the opinion and the judgment are a welcome clarification and addition (or even correction) on the practice.