bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STEM教育背景下学前教育专业学生核心素养培养可行性分析
Authors: 陈 宏伟
Published: September 2020

21世纪在互联网信息技术的影响下知识和经济同步腾飞，STEM教育同学生核心素养培养相结合成为学前教育专业学生的关键。学前教育是教育的起点，幼儿教师作为学前教育的实际实施者，他们的专业能力和综合素质是保障幼儿教育质量的关键。本文基于STEM教育背景下，系统分析学前教育专业学生核心素养培养的可行性，希望能够为幼儿教师的核心素养培养提供借鉴指导作用。
核心素养下如何打造高中历史高效课堂
Authors: 刘 美玲
Published: September 2020

核心素养是指经过教育与培养之后，学生必须具备的，能够不断适应社会发展需要，促进个人发展的重要品格与能力。高中历史课堂中可以有效培养学生事件分析能力、帮助学生形成科学的价值观、提升学生的逻辑敏锐程度，对于学生核心素养的养成发挥着至关重要的作用。
议论文写作教学第一课的设计与实践
Authors: 蒋 海宁
Published: September 2020

高二要正式进行议论文的写作训练了，我在准备议论文写作教学第一课时有些焦虑：这一课究竟怎么上？有意寻找同仁们的备课痕迹，却发现并不适应我当前所面临的学情。亲自实践后，我希望通过此文与同行交流这。
从高考角度关注高中历史核心概念的教学
Authors: 刘 艳明
Published: September 2020

高中历史课程标准中对高中教学做如下规定：“要求学生掌握基本的历史知识，包括重要的历史人物、历史事件、历史现象，以及重要的历史概念和历史发展的基本线索”，而学生在初中阶段已对基本的历史知识、人物、事件和现象有了认知和了解，高中阶段则更侧重于要求学生明晰历史发展基本线索并准确无误地理解历史概念的内涵和外延。但是，在常年的高中历史教学中，普遍存在对历史概念解释模糊不清、对概念的内涵和外延把握不准确的现象，使学生对相对抽象的历史概念缺乏准确认知，以至于在考试中出现因概念模糊而导致的错误。这其实不仅反映在即便是高考的各类型考试中，从长远来看，这不利于学生形成缜密的思维力和明晰的判断力。我们所提倡的历史学科核心素养的培养，不仅仅只是让学生学会做题，更重要的是，若干年后，经过科学培养的学生成为社会一份子，他们仍能具备良好的思维能力、科学的分析力、准确的判断力，这才是历史学科教学的最终目标。
浅谈初中历史课堂教学中的问题设计
Authors: 刘 桂英 , 彭 燕
Published: September 2020

课堂提问既是优化课堂教学的重要手段，又是教师教学艺术的重要组成部分。它是联系教师、学生和教材的纽带。初中学生注意力集中一般是一节课15分钟左右。而一节历史课有效性如何，关键在于目标的达成度。目标是否达成取决于具体课堂的问题设置的有效性程度。爱因斯坦说过:“提出问题往往比解决问题更为重要。”一个高效有效的历史课堂问能够把学生迅速带入“情境”,使他们的注意力最短时间进入到特定的事件上，以求达到课堂的高效。现在一线教师或多或少存在提出的问题过于笼统，或者缺乏科学性，或者提出问题过于直白，缺乏思考性，问题的难易程度把握等现象，严重影响课堂效率。因此对历史课堂问题设置的有效问题研究，笔者认为是提高课堂高效的强有力的手段。
小学英语教学中学生学习思维能力的培养
Authors: 刘 婷婷
Published: September 2020

我国的教育体制正在不断变革，小学英语在小学阶段是非常重要的一门课程，关系到学生的可持续性发展。教师在小学英语课堂中以讲授英语知识为主，同时还要注重培养学生的思维能力，提升学生的英语学科核心素养。文章从培养学生的思维能力的意义和策略进行分析，希望能给教育者提供借鉴。
构建小学语文高效课堂的教学实践
Authors: 刘 洋
Published: September 2020

在不断倡导素质教育的今天，我国整体的教育体系更倾向于高效性和丰富性，因此在教学实践中把握课堂教学的方法，真正的打造高效率的课堂教学环境，是当前我国教育中着重发展的一大方面。在我国当前的小学语文教学过程中，也应当紧紧围绕高效化这一思想，努力打造出更为高效的课堂教学模式，帮助学生快速掌握知识内容，不断丰富自身学习和生活水平，进而实现更为高素质的教育，促进我国素质教育水平的进一步提升。
新干县华城门小学扎实抓好学生线上学习各项工作
Authors: 聂 敏明
Published: September 2020

自江西省教育厅发布统一安排中小学生线上学习的方案后，新干县教体局随即对学生线上学习的相关事宜作出部署。新干县华城门小学也积极落实各项工作，确保2020年2月10日学生线上学习正常开课。
发掘小学语文古诗词教学中的美育功能
Authors: 张 梦君
Published: September 2020

小学阶段学习的古诗，大多语言精炼，易于传诵和学习，集各种美于一身，有着比较特殊的审美功能。在这个阶段学习的一篇篇名篇佳作，传达着当时社会的很多信息和美，代表了我们的民族情感，可以有效提高学生的艺术鉴赏能力和精神气质，形成自己的审美观。本文针对小学语文古诗词教学中的美育功能进行研究，旨在发掘出其中的美育特点，对之后的小学语文古诗词教育进行指导。
爱的教育——做智障儿成长路上的引路人
Authors: 谭 九纯
Published: September 2020

智障儿，有着先天性的身体缺陷，发育速度较慢，智慧明显低于一般水平的儿童。作为一个特教老师，要经常陪伴学生，安抚他们的不满情绪；作为一个特教老师，要经常给他们做康复训练，使他们各自的情况得到有所改善，有所好转；作为一个特教老师，要放手让孩子玩，使他们玩出智慧，玩出身心健康；作为一个特教老师，应该如何教育好他们，除了耐心还需要具备的就是专业的知识。
幼儿垃圾分类环保行为养成教育家庭课程指南
Authors: 王 静
Published: September 2020

如今，随着环境问题的日益严峻，为应对环境问题挑战的“环保教育”，开始将“人”作为“自然”的一部分重新思考，以改善“环境”作为教育的使命和目标。面对气候变化和环境污染，作为老师我们希望透过垃圾分类这个环保教育的一点来带动整个家庭的参与，培养幼儿良好的环保意识和环保行为养成，推动全社会参与并实践低碳环保生活，倡导一种低碳、可持续的生活方式。结合班级开展的垃圾分类环保教学的经验，为广大家长及大朋友们开展垃圾分类环保家庭教育提供一定的思路。
浅谈小组合作背景下初中英语阅读教学探究
Authors: 韦 作璜
Published: September 2020

随着时代在不断地发展和进步，教育部门和社会广大的人士越来越关注初中教学的开展。在初中教育阶段当中，英语教学的进行也是尤其重要的，而提高阅读能力又是学习英语的关键所在。因此，初中老师要去积极探索适合学生们的阅读方法，充分利用小组合作去展开英语阅读的教学，这样才能积极调动学生们的学习主动性，才能够有效率地提高学生们的英语阅读水平，培养良好的阅读习惯，让学生在英语的学习上更轻松。基于此，本文从两个方面进行探究。
让课堂走进生活——以《雾在哪里》一课为列
Authors: 谢 文妮
Published: September 2020

新课标强调：“课堂不是教师表演的舞台，而是师生之间的交往、互动的舞台；不只是对学生进行训练的场所，而是引导学生走向生活学习的场所，发展自我的场所。”生活中蕴藏着丰富的知识，是一本神奇的书，在我们的实际教学中，如何将生活融入课堂，让课堂走进生活中，这是教育与实践相结合的重要方式，也是核心素养必须要走的一条有效路径。
素质教育背景下的初中教育改革分析
Authors: 钟 建煌
Published: September 2020

学校教育目标的设定与达成都是为未来人才的发展所服务,优质的教育源源不断地为社会各方面建设培养人才。当代中学生是祖国未来建设的接班人，对中学生的素质教育的培养越来越被重视，也是新时期教育改革的要求，初中教育改革有利于初中生形成科学的学习思维和心理素质。结合时代背景，初中教育需要顺应新课程改革的要求，在素质教育体系下继续发展和优化，教师应对现有的问题加以分析并采取可行的措施积极改进，以提高初中教学质量与效率。
浅谈初中英语课堂教学中“问”的技巧
Authors: 冯 丽丽
Published: September 2020

在初中英语教学过程中，提问属于课堂教学中最好的师生互动方式及调节课堂氛围的手段，同样也是检验学生在课堂上的学习质量及学习效果的重要方式之一。初中英语教学过程中的提问能一定程度上吸引学生的注意力，引导学生进入问题的思考过程中去，提升学生语言、思维方面的积极性，提高初中英语教学效果及教学质量。
素质教育背景下小学生德育认知的培养策略研究
Authors: 徐 洁萍
Published: September 2020

素质教育背景下，小学教育不但要肩负起小学生知识教育的责任，还应该重视德育认知教育，因通过德育认知教育可以让小学生综合素质提升，使其在其他学科教育中有更突出的表现，同时有利于小学生的未来发展。但是因为传统小学教育对德育教育工作不重视，所以现代小学德育教育存在认知培养策略上的缺陷，而本文将针对这一缺陷进行分析，提出相关策略。
读写结合在小学语文写作教学中的运用
Authors: 许 秀平
Published: September 2020

阅读和写作对于高年级段的小学来说，是非常重要的教学内容。为了提高小学语文写作教学质量与效率，培养学生的写作能力和语言表达能力，本文对读写结合教学模式在小学语文写作教学中的具体应用进行论述，包括从仿写入手，学习文本的表达方式；发散思维，进行扩写和改写；鼓励课外阅读，积累写作素材。
初中数学教学中学生自主学习能力的培养探讨
Authors: 薛 彩霞
Published: September 2020

随着新课改不断的深入，对于初中数学教学提出了更高的要求，在数学教学过程中，教师在完成教学任务的同时，还应该培养学生的自主学习能力。教师应该根据数学学科的特点，合理的设计教学内容，并运用合理的教学方法，使学生掌握数学知识的同时，提升学生的自主学习能力。本文主要分析了培养学生自主学习能力的重要性，并制定了相关的策略。
初中数学教师独立教学反思研究
Authors: 朱 少明
Published: September 2020

反思作为一项重要的教学活动，对提升数学教师专业能力和促进教师专业成长必不可少，对提高初中数学教学有效性具有重要的作用，本文对教师独立教学反思的方法策略进行了探索，希望对促进教师专业能力提升起到帮助作用。
在小学数学教学中构建生活情境与数学模型
Authors: 朱 仕国
Published: September 2020

俗话说“三岁看小，七岁看老”，小学阶段的学生正处于七岁的阶段，也是学生的启蒙阶段。这个阶段的学生如同一张白纸，大人们教什么，学生就学什么，而且极难改掉。因此，教师需要将其重视起来。在小学教学中，数学是一门基础科目，但因其抽象复杂，学生理解起来存在一定的难度，且无法产生学习兴趣，导致教学效果不太如意。鉴于此，本文从“利用生活情境去感知数学模型”“让学生理解数学模型及生活情境关系”“通过数学模型解释生活情境”阐述了在小学数学教学中构建生活情境与数学模型。
浅谈学前教育研究与质的研究的融合
Authors: 肖 蓓蓓
Published: September 2020

学前教育对于我们的孩子获得知识非常重要，是他们智慧的关键。每年，家长的反馈可以帮助了解幼儿园教育中的一些突出问题。关键是集中于知识和技能的整合，以形成与儿童健康和幸福感的增长的“基础教育”趋势。一些幼儿园侧重于如何管理业务，拥有各种教科书和复杂的课程，实际上在误导父母并在心理上给他们造成负担。
关于打造线下英语口语“金课”模式探析
Authors: 王 琼
Published: September 2020

“金课”是我国现代教育部门中提出的一种新型理念，最主要目的是将以往的传统教学模式逐渐转变为符合我国现代素质教育的教学模式。相较于其他课程来说，英语教学是一门十分重要且具有高度交流性的语言学科，在我国各个教育阶段都十分重要，而我国现代素质教育的主要目的是全面提高学生综合应用英语的能力，而并非是使学生满足课程教育中考试的需求。这样就要求教务人员不断提升学生的口语能力，打造线下英语口语“金课”教学模式是我国目前英语口语教学的主要方向。本文中分析了现代英语课程口语的教学现状并结合我国目前的英语教学方式，探讨了关于建立线下英语口语“金课”教学模式的方法，旨在为我国英语口语教学提供帮助和参考。
中职体育田径运动教学中应用趣味教学的效果研究
Authors: 张 凯
Published: September 2020

田径运动教学是中职体育教学体系的一个重要组成部分。但是近几年的田径运动教学中出现了一些问题，导致课程教学效率下降，其主要表现为师生互动交流不强、课堂学习环境较差、教学方式的落后等问题。为了改变中职体育教学现状，体育教师加大教学模式的创新研究力度，趣味教学应运而生。利用趣味教学能够有效达到提高体育田径运动教学质量的目标。
高中英语词汇学习策略研究
Authors: 王 鑫
Published: September 2020

词汇学习在高中英语学习中扮演着重要角色。大量且丰富的词汇对学生的“听，说，读，写”等各项语言技能都可以起到促进作用。本文指出了当代高中英语词汇学习中存在的问题，以及针对上述问题可以采取的词汇学习策略。
高中语文教学如何实施赏识教育
Authors: 吴 学英
Published: September 2020

什么是“赏识教育”呢？“赏识”在《现代汉语词典》里的解释是：欣赏、赞赏，认识到别人的才能或价值而予以重视或赞扬。赏识教育是最神奇又最普通、最新鲜又最古老，是每个教师本来就拥有、却没有发现或无意中遗忘的教育宝藏，是人性化、人文化的素质教育法宝，具体化是爱。
如何提高高中化学课堂导入的有效性
Authors: 赵 艳
Published: September 2020

一堂课好的开始是好的课堂教学的基础，新课程的导入是教学过程中的一个重要的环节。在高中化学课堂的教学中，导入更是至关重要，高中的化学教师要打破传统的教学方式，在新课改的要求下，改革新的教学方法，探究出新的并且有效的课堂导入方法，为学生打造一个吸引人的课堂的开端，以此激发高中生学习的热情，有利于提高高中化学教师的教学质量。因此，本文从套用精彩的化学故事进行导入以及采用小型的实验演示进行导入两个方面进行论述。
小学高年级数学教学中微课的运用研究
Authors: 王 俊英
Published: September 2020

随着互联网技术高速发展，微课这种教学形式受到教师与学生喜爱，在小学高年级数学教学中应用微课教学，可以起到有效的辅助作用，弥补传统数学课堂的不足之处，有助于引导学生更好的理解并掌握数学知识。基于此，本文分析了将微课应用到小学高年级数学教学中的有效策略，为广大小学数学教育工作者提供参考。
Estimation of Morphometric Parameters of Karatoya sub-River Basin in Bangladesh using GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques
Authors: Uddin Muhammad Jasim , Babu Md. Abu Hamjalal , Islam Md. Risadul , Farzana Fahim , Khatun Most. Lata , Sazzad S.M. Farhan , Islam Md. Sirajul
Published: September 2020

Morphometric analysis identifies the relationship of various aspects in the basin area, and plays an important role for understanding the geo-hydrological characteristics of a basin. The Karatoya River is ecologically and economically significant for Dinajpur region of Bangladesh. In this study, the morphometry of a sub-portion of Karatoya River in Birganj upazila was assessed by using GIS and remote sensing. The secondary data from ASTER DEM data and DEM data of Bangladesh were used to represent the morphologic and geo-hydrologic nature of the basin. The study computed and assessed more than 31 morphometric parameters in all aspects of the river basin. Morphometric analysis of the river network and the basin revealed that the Karatoya sub-basin was in the 6th order river network (as Strahler’s classification) with a dendritic and parallel drainage pattern and fine grain in drainage texture. This type of analysis will lead to develop the sustainable framework for agricultural and watershed management to be used by the local administration.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN +dalethyne TERHADAP JUMLAH FIBROBLAST PADA LUKA PUNGGUNG TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus) YANG DIINFEKSI Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Ervina Waode Fifin , Dwi Wahyu Agung , Pijatna Dachlan Yoes
Published: September 2020

Salah satu patogen nosokomial yang dapat menginfeksi pasien yang di rawat di rumah sakit adalah Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Beberapa penelitian menunjukan bahwa peningkatan  insiden  infeksi  oleh Pseudomonas aeruginosa pada pasien rumah sakit diikuti pula oleh peningkatan kejadian resistensi terhadap berbagai antibiotik. Salah satu senyawa yang diklaim dapat membunuh bakteri pada infeksi nosokomial dan mempercepat penyembuhan luka pada kulit ialah +dalethyne. +dalethyne adalah pecahan kandungan minyak zaitun menjadi zat baru antara lain aldehyde, asam palmitat, asam steorat, asam oleat, asam linoleat dan myristicine. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peran +dalethyneterhadap penyembuhan luka pada infeksi nosokomial. Penelitian yang berjenis eksperimental ini secara spesifik mengamatijumlah fibroblast dengan metode hematoxylin eosin. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu Pemberian topikal +dalethynecenderung meningkatkan jumlah fibroblast pada hari ke 4 (256) dan menurun pada hari ke6 (118), disebabkan oleh perbedaan perilaku dan fisiologis tikus pada tikus kelompok hari ke4 dan ke6.
HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK PASIEN DENGAN PEMAHAMAN PERSETUJUAN TINDAKAN MEDIS PADA TINDAKAN BEDAH DI RUMAH SAKITPERTAMINA BINTANG AMIN (RSPBA) BANDAR LAMPUNG BULAN MARET 2015
Authors: Rafie Rakhmie , Yusmaidi Yusmaidi , Fitriyani Mira
Published: September 2020

Berdasarkan Permenkes 585/1989 dikatakan bahwa informed consent adalah persetujuan yang diberikan oleh pasien atau keluarganya atas dasar penjelasan mengenai tindakan medis yang akan dilakukan terhadap pasien tersebut. Peran dan tanggung jawab dokter terhadap pelaksanaan tindakan medis berdasarkan imformed consent sangat penting untuk mencegah kemungkinan yang akan terjadi kepada pasien nantinya. Pemahaman terhadap informasi yang diberikan dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, diantaranya karakteristik orang tersebut. Survey analitik dengan desain cross sectional dengan wawancara terpimpin menggunakan kuesioner terhadap 100 responden, dan diolah menggunakan analisa univariat dan bivariat dengan uji Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: yang berusia dewasa 84 responden (84%) dan yang berusia muda sebanyak 16 responden (16%), laki- laki 63 responden (63%) dan perempuan 37 responden (37%), yang berpendidikan rendah 41 responden (41%) dan yang berpendidikan tinggi 59 responden, yang tidak bekerja 24 responden (24%) sedangkan yang bekerja 76 responden (76%), yang mempunyai pemahaman baik 58 responden (58%) dan yang tidak baik sebanyak 42 responden (42%). Variabel yang terdapat hubungan bermakna dengan pemahaman terhadap persetujuan tindakan medis pada tindakan bedah di RSPBA pada bulan Maret 2015 adalah umur (nilai p value = 0,037) OR = 3.761 dengan nilai Confidence Interval (1.195-11.835)dan pendidikan (nilai p value = 0,00) OR = 8.551 dengan Confidence Interval (3.436-21.285). Sedangkan variabel yang tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna dengan pemahaman persetujuan tindakan medispada tindakan bedah di RSPBA pada bulan Maret 2015 adalah jenis kelamin (nilai p value = 0,987) dan pekerjaan (p value = 0,251). Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara umur dan pendidikan dengan pemahaman terhadap persetujuan tindakan medis pada tindakan bedah di RS Pertamina Bintang Aamin (RSPBA) pada bulan Maret 2015.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DENGAN PENGGUNAAN ALAT PELINDUNG DIRI PADA PEKERJA INDUSTRI BATU BATA
Authors: Rahmiati Rahmiati , Andriaty Syarifah Nora , Andri Andri
Published: September 2020

Pelaksanaan Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) merupakan suatu cara untuk melindungi pekerja dari kecelakaan kerja dan penyakit akibat kerja. Tahap akhir dalam pencegahan kecelakaan kerja dan penyakit akibat kerja yaitu dengan penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD). Kecelakaan kerja dan penyakit akibat kerja juga dapat terjadi pada saat pengolahan batu bata yang diakibatkan oleh tanah yang banyak mengandung nematode, asap pembakaran dan debu akibat pembakaran yang tidak sempurna. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan penggunaan APD pada pekerja industri batu bata di Dusun Lamseunong Kecamatan Baitussalam Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Desain penelitian ini adalah crosssectional survey yang dilakukan pada 62 responden yang diambil dengan tehnik total sampling. Pengambilan data pada penelitian ini dilakukan pada tanggal 20 Februari 2019. Penggunaan APD diukur melalui observasi sedangkan pengetahuan melalui wawancara dengan kuesioner. Hasil uji statistic dengan Chi-Squre pada CI 95% dan α=0,05 untuk variabel pengetahuan didapatkan p value 0,02. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan penggunaan APD pada pekerja industri batu bata di Dusun LamseunongKecamatan Baitussalam Kabupaten Aceh Besar.
PERBEDAAN INDEKS DEBRIS SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH DILAKUKAN PENYULUHAN CARA MENYIKAT GIGI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL GIGI PADA MURID MI GUPPI NURUL JADID DESA SUMBER SARI TAHUN 2017
Authors: Anggraeni Selvia , Irianto Torry Duet , Baha Moh Ilham Nur
Published: September 2020

Debris merupakan material lunak yang melekat pada permukaan gigi dan kemudian akan menjadi karang gigi dan gangguan gigi dan mulut lainnya.  Menururt data  puskesmas utama desa Sumber Sari kejadian masalah gigi dan mulut setiap bulan terjadi antara 38% - 43%. Hal ini dapat dicegah sejak dini dengan memberi penyuluhan cara menyikat gigi pada murid sekolah dasar. Mengetahui indeks debris sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan penyuluhan cara menyikat gigi dengan menggunakan model gigi. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah True Eksperimental Design dengan pendekatan pre and posttest with control group yang dilakukan pada murid kelas 1 dan 2 MI Guppi Nurul Jadid, Tungkal Jaya. Jumlah sampel yang diambil sebanyak 54 murid dengan teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu total sampling. Penelitian ini diolah menggunakan uji analisis statistik t berpasangan dan Wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa sebelum dilakukan penyuluhan cara menyikat gigi indeks debris awal ialah kategori sedang dan setelah dilakukan penyuluhan cara menyikat gigi indeks debris akhir ialah kategori baik dan hasil uji analisis statistik uji t berpasangan menunjukkan p=0,00 dan uji Wilcoxon juga menunjukan p=0,00. Hasil analisis ini menunjukan terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara indeks debris sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan penyuluhan cara menyikat gigi pada murid MI Guppi Nurul Jadid. Terdapat perbedan indeks debirs sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan penyuluhan cara mmrnyikat gigi dengn menggunakan model gigi pada murid MI Guppi Nurul Jadid desa Sumber Sari tahun 2017.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MGSO4 SEBAGAI TERAPI PENCEGAHAN KEJANG PADA PREEKLAMPSIA
Authors: Amalia Farhana Fitri
Published: September 2020

Preeklampsia merupakan salah satu penyebab utama Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) di dunia. Preeklampsia merupakan keadaan spesifik yang ditandai dengan adanya hipertensi dan proteinuri yang baru terjadi pada kehamilan setelah usia 20 minggu gestasi. Faktor risiko internal seperti umur dan riwayat penyakit menjadifaktor risiko yang paling berperan dalam kejadian preeklampsia. Tatalaksana komprehensif dibutuhkan untuk mencegah terjadinya berbagai komplikasi yang dapat membahayakan ibu dan janin, salah satunya adalah kejang eklampsia. Morbiditas dan mortalitas akibat hipertensi pada kehamilan dapat dicegah dengan pemberian profilaksis magnesium sulfat (MgSO4). Magnesium sulfat sudah digunakan lebih dari seabad sebagai antikonvulsan karena efek samping yang minimal serta keamanan yang sudah teruji. Agen neuroprotektor ini bertindak sebagai stabilitator membran sel dan pada sistem saraf pusat bekerja sebagai pemblokir non-kompetitif dari N-metil reseptor d-aspartat (NMDA) glutamat. Mekanisme antikonvulsan MgSo4 berupa penurunan resistensi perifer terjadi dengan inaktivasi miosin rantai kinase sehingga terjadi relaksasi arteri dan berujung pada penurunan tekanan darah. Penggunaan MgSO4 sebagai profilaksis kejang pada preeklamsia terbukti memiliki pengaruh yang bermakna pada berbagai studi. Pengaruh penggunaan MgSO4 pada pasien preeklampsia berupa penurunan kasus kejang eklampsia, penurunan penggunaaan antihipertensi, penurunan tekanan darah sistolik dan sebagai agen neuroprotektor pada janin.
ANALISIS FUNGSI KOGNITIF PADA LANSIA DITINJAU DARI JENIS KELAMIN, RIWAYAT PENDIDIKAN, RIWAYAT PENYAKIT, AKTIVITAS FISIK, AKTIVITAS KOGNITIF, DAN KETERLIBATAN SOSIAL
Authors: Hutasuhut Arti Febriyani , Anggraini Marisa , Angnesti Reza
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT: ANALYSIS OF COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS IN ELDERLY IN TERMS OF GENDER, EDUCATION HISTORY, DISEASE HISTORY, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, COGNITIVE ACTIVITIES, AND SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT One of the disorders caused by degeneration in the elderly is cognitive impairment This study aims to determine the factors that influence cognitive function in the elderly in the work area of the Kedaton Bandar Lampung Health Center in 2018. This research is an analytical survey with a cross-sectional approach. The research subjects were 107 elderly people living in the working area of the Kedaton Health Center in Bandar Lampung. Data in this study were obtained through interviews using questionnaires, social disengagement scale, and MMSE. Data analyzed using chi-square test. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between education, history of illness, physical activity, cognitive activity, and social involvement with cognitive function, whereas for sex, no significant relationship was found with cognitive function. Keywords:  Cognitive Function, Gender, Educational History, History of Illness, Physical Activity, Cognitive Activity, Social Engagement, Elderly Salah satu gangguan akibat degenerasi pada lansia yaitu gangguan kognitif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi fungsi kognitif pada lansia di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kedaton Bandar Lampung tahun 2018. Penelitian ini merupakan survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Subyek penelitian adalah 107 orang lansia yang tinggal di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kedaton Bandar Lampung. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner, skala social disengagement, dan MMSE. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pendidikan, riwayat penyakit, aktivitas fisik, aktivitas kognitif, dan keterlibatan sosial dengan fungsi kognitif, sedangkan untuk jenis kelamin, tidak ditemukan hubungan signifikan dengan fungsi kognitif.  Kata Kunci : Fungsi Kognitif, Jenis Kelamin, Riwayat Pendidikan, Riwayat Penyakit, Aktivitas Fisik, Aktivitas Kognitif, Keterlibatan Sosial, Lansia
JOGOS USADOS NA REABILITAÇÃO APÓS ACIDENTE VASCULAR CEREBRAL: SCOPING REVIEW
Authors: Pires Magalhães Rita , Rodrigues Barbeiro Sara , Taveira Vanessa , Magalhães Bruno , Ferreira Gustavo
Published: September 2020

Objetivos: explorar o estado atual do conhecimento científico relacionado com a utilização de jogos na reabilitação do indivíduo após Acidente Vascular Cerebral, para mapear os jogos e identificar as áreas de função reabilitadas. Método: revisão do tipo Scoping, com base no modelo do Joanna Briggs Institute. Realizada busca nas bases de dados MEDLINE®, CINAHL® e SPORTDiscus®. Foram considerados todos os tipos de estudos científicos publicados em inglês, espanhol e português, sem limite temporal. Resultados: Nos 116 artigos considerados para análise identificaram-se três grandes agrupamentos de jogos: Realidade Virtual imersiva/não imersiva, videojogos e Jogos Tradicionais, que se associaram à reabilitação das funções motora, propriocetiva, cognitiva e cardiorrespiratória. Conclusão: A utilização de jogos na reabilitação cresceu ao longo dos últimos anos. Os jogos induzem maior interatividade no treino intensivo e repetitivo, acrescentando mais motivação e adesão aos processos de reabilitação, podendo ser um importante recurso terapêutico. Descritores: AVC; Jogos; Reabilitação
The Teacher's Role in Applying the Hadith Release Method in SDIT Cendekia Pematangsiantar District
Authors: Sinaga Ali Imran , Jaya Farida , Hasibuan Andi Prahara
Published: September 2020

The research objectives were to determine: (1) the role of the teacher in the implementation of memorizing hadith in SDIT Cendekia, (2) the method applied by the teacher in memorizing hadith at SDIT Cendekia and (3) the impact obtained by students from the application of memorizing hadith in SDIT Cendekia. The research method used is qualitative. Data collection is done by observation and interviews. The research findings show: (1) the role of the teacher is as a facilitator, motivator, and the most important role in memorizing this hadith is to instill good morals to students who are in accordance with the guidance and behavior of the prophet through habituation. (2) the method applied by the teacher in memorizing hadiths used the oral method and movement, they did this on the basis of the age of grade 1-2, they were still not very fluent in reading hadith and were still not very fluent in reciting it, while for grades 3-6 the method was used. The tasalsuli thariqah, the jam'i thariqah method and the muqassam thariqah method. and, (3) the impact that students get from the application of memorizing hadiths is positive things that are felt by students, teachers and parents, including students' morals and actions that are more focused, students know and love the prophet more, students can find out the existing morals. in the Prophet's self, students remember each other friends if their actions are not in accordance with the hadith of the prophet they learned, and always try to behave according to the hadith of the prophet.
Current Activities to Implement Integrated Teaching Learning in Undergraduate Medical Education in Bangladesh: Students’ View
Authors: Tapu Thanadar Tamjeeda , Talukder HK , Talukder MAS , Flora TA , Ahmad KT
Published: September 2020

The present study was conducted amongst students of all phases in eight medical colleges (4 govt. & 4 non-govt.) of Bangladesh to assess views of students about the current activities to implement integrated teaching learning in undergraduate medical education in Bangladesh. Among 956 students, 387(40.5%) were male and 569(59.5%) were female. This study revealed that 605(63.3%) students had participated in integrated teaching learning session, 328(54.3%) students disagreed that the subjects of different phases are arranged sequentially in curriculum and 265(43.8%) students responded that integrated sessions were conducted in large group sessions. More than half of the students (53.7%) stated that integrated teaching helped them to get better understanding of the topic and integrated teaching also helped them to improve application of knowledge. Insufficiency of infrastructure, allocated time, teachers’ training have been identified by respondents as barriers for implementing integrated teaching learning. Study recommended more awareness and training of teachers and students regarding integrated teaching learning. Study also recommended to choose contents which have much clinical importance for integrated teaching and which have been taught repeatedly in different departments.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.11(1) 2020: 26-31
Uusi mediasukupolvi?
Authors: Matikainen Janne
Published: September 2020

Mediamurroksen myötä on ryhdytty puhumaan uudesta mediasukupolvesta. Sukupolven muutos ei kuitenkaan näyttäydy yksiselitteisenä; onko media ainoa uuden mediasukupolven yhteinen, jaettu kokemus?
YouTube koko kansan oppimisen ja opettamisen areenana
Authors: Sintonen Sara , Vesterinen Olli , Kynäslahti Heikki
Published: September 2020

Videopalvelu YouTube on täynnä tavallisten suomalaisten omaehtoisesti tuottamia opetuksellisia videoita. Minkälaisia merkityksiä ja motiiveja videoiden tekijät toiminnalleen kertovat?
Yhteiskunta viestii näköalattomuudesta
Authors: Silvennoinen Heikki
Published: September 2020

Talouden tervehdyttäminen vaatii suuren joukon ihmisuhreja.
Avoimen yliopiston tutkintoväylä koulutuspoliittisessa keskustelussa
Authors: Haltia Nina
Published: September 2020

Avoimen yliopiston tutkintoväylä on kiistelty aihe, eikä siitä ole muotoutunut laajalti käytössä olevaa sisääntulokanavaa yliopistojen tutkintokoulutukseen. Koulutuspoliittinen keskustelu aiheesta paljastaa kaksi vastakkaista diskurssia, jotka argumentoivat tutkintoväylän puolesta ja sitä vastaan.
Computational determination the reactivity of salbutamol and propranolol drugs
Authors: OMER Rebaz , KOPARIR Pelin , AHMED Lana , KOPARIR Metin
Published: September 2020

Gaussian software programs 09 was utilized to find the reactivity of salbutamol (SAL) and propranolol (PRO). Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Hartree-Fock (HF) were used to determine the energy band gaps. B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) lower energy level was chosen as the base set. Geometrical structures with frontier molecular orbitals estimation for both the SAL and PRO. Atomic charge distribution and molecular electrostatic potential evaluation were performed for both drugs. For thermodynamic analysis Ab-initio DFT with HF at 6-31++G base sets were accomplished. The results showed that the PRO is more reactive than SAL.
PATH ANALYSIS OF MONETARY POLICY MECHANISMS: DOES ECONOMIC CAPACITY MEDIATE PRICES?
Authors: Susilowati MG Westri Kekalih , Wahyuningdyah Retno Yustini
Published: September 2020

The single objective of Bank Indonesia is Rupiah's stability. Within the monetary policy framework, the monetary instruments affect the operational targets (money supply and interest rates). Those operational targets effect rupiah stability troughs its effect on economic capacity/GDP.  Using 108 monthly data, that is analyzed by path analysis; this study discusses the effect of net foreign assets (NFA) and net domestic assets (NDA,) and interest rates on the prices (CPI) through their effects GDP. The results show that NFA and NDA have a significant positive effect on GDP, while interest rates are tended to be negative. However, neither the NFA nor the NDA has been proven to have a direct significant effect on CPI. The interest rate has been proven to have a direct significant effect on CPI. GDP was not proven to have a significant effect on the CPI and neither mediates the effects of operational targets on CPI.Keywords: Rupiah; Prices; CPI; Stability; Money
THE ROLE OF DUALITY MANAGERIAL OWNERSHIP AND BOARDS ON IPO VALUE (AN EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE OF INDONESIAN FIRMS)
Authors: Taolin Maximus Leonardo , Safitri Julia
Published: September 2020

The research aims to find the impact of ownership retention, managerial ownership, and boards on value IPO premium and underpricing. We investigate by using hand collect data 202 IPO prospectuses during 2008-2017 and using Warp PLS 5.0 to compute the data. Our finding suggests that may use to guide the investor in making informed decisions to see the level of the proportion of sharehold by old ownership and management. When the high level of ownership retention and managerial ownership, make the value IPO premium and underpricing will be high. On the other hand duality of the managerial role in firms making the value will be achieved. This paper contributes to the value of IPO premium and underpricing literature when influence by ownership share on initial public offerings  context of emerging markets.Keywords: Ownership retention; Managerial Ownership; Boards; IPO premium; underpricing
Circadian Rhythm Protein Bmal1 Modulates Cartilage Gene Expression in Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis via the MAPK/ERK Pathway
Authors: Chen Guokun , Zhao Haoming , Ma Shixing , Chen Lei , Wu Gaoyi , Zhu Yong , Zhu Jie , Ma Chuan , Zhao Huaqiang
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of the circadian gene Bmal1 in human cartilage and its crosstalk with the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA). We verified the periodical variation of the circadian gene Bmal1 and then established a modified multiple platform method (MMPM) to induce circadian rhythm disturbance leading to TMJ-OA. IL-6, p-ERK, and Bmal1 mRNA and protein expression levels were assessed by real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Chondrocytes were treated with an ERK inhibitor (U0126), siRNA and plasmid targeting Bmal1 under IL-6 simulation; then, the cells were subjected to Western blotting to analyze the relationship between Bmal1 and the MAPK/ERK pathway. We found that sleep rhythm disturbance can downregulate the circadian gene BMAL-1 and improve phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) and IL-6 levels. Furthermore, Bmal1 siRNA transfection was sufficient to improve the p-ERK level and aggravate OA-like gene expression changes under IL-6 stimulation. Bmal1 overexpression relieved the alterations induced by IL-6, which was consistent with the effect of U0126 (an ERK inhibitor). However, we also found that BMAL1 upregulation can decrease ERK phosphorylation, whereas ERK downregulation did not change BMAL1 expression. Collectively, this study provides new insight into the regulatory mechanism that links chondrocyte BMAL1 to cartilage maintenance and repair in TMJ-OA via the MAPK/ERK pathway and suggests that circadian rhythm disruption is a risk factor for TMJ-OA.
Organic but Also Low-Input Conventional Farming Systems Support High Biodiversity of Weed Species in Winter Cereals
Authors: Berbeć Adam Kleofas , Staniak Mariola , Feledyn-Szewczyk Beata , Kocira Anna , Stalenga Jarosław
Published: September 2020

In recent years, the European Union has been paying particular attention to the problem of biodiversity loss. The possibilities of its assessment and conservation are included in the latest European Union (EU) policies and reflected in the European Biodiversity Strategy. The biodiversity of weeds in winter cereals in organic and conventional low-input farms in Eastern Poland was investigated during a 3-year period. Significantly more species and larger abundance were found in organic than in conventional farming systems. The biodiversity of these communities was described by Shannon’s diversity and Simpson’s dominance indices, which showed diversity to be well maintained in both farming systems; however, significantly higher Shannon’s index and significantly lower Simpson’s index values were observed in organic farms. Both farming systems were the mainstay of endangered and rare species, as well as some invasive weed species. Weed communities of organic farms were dominated mostly by Setaria pumila and Elymus repens, while conventional farms were dominated by Juncus bufonius and Setaria pumila. The study showed the importance of organic farming systems for biodiversity conservation. It was also shown that low-input (traditional) conventional farms are also beneficial for biodiversity conservation.
Short-Term Impact of Conservation Agriculture on Soil Strength and Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity in the South African Semiarid Areas
Authors: Nebo Godwin Iloabuchi , Manyevere Alen , Araya Tesfay , van Tol Johan
Published: September 2020

The severe limitation of agricultural land productivity induced by physical soil degradation has become a major concern in semiarid climates, especially in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. A randomized complete block design in a split-split-plot arrangement was used to evaluate the short-term (2012–2015) effects of tillage (no-till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT)), rotation (maize-fallow-maize (MFM); maize-fallow-soybean (MFS); maize-wheat-maize (MWM) and maize-wheat-soybean (MWS)) and residue management (residue removal (R−) and residue retention (R+)) on bulk density (BD), penetration resistance (PR), soil hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and macroporosity hydraulic conductivity. The interaction of tillage × crop rotation × residue management was not significant (p > 0.05) with respect to BD, PR, Ks and macroporosity. The MFM rotation had the highest BD (1.40 g cm−3), followed by MWM rotation (1.36 g cm−3), and the least BD was observed in the MFS rotation (1.29 g cm−3). Penetration resistance was significantly higher in CT (2.43 MPa) compared to NT (1.46 MPa). The study concludes that inclusion of MFS and MWS rotations can potentially reduce BD in the short term. Similarly, conversion from CT to NT reduces soil resistance.
Biochar Type, Ratio, and Nutrient Levels in Growing Media Affects Seedling Production and Plant Performance
Authors: Chrysargyris Antonios , Prasad Munoo , Kavanagh Anna , Tzortzakis Nikos
Published: September 2020

Biochar can be used as an alternative component in growing media, positively affecting plant growth/yield, but also media properties. In the present study, two commercial grade biochars (BFW-forest wood; and BTS-fresh wood screening), mainly wood-based materials, were used at 7.5% and 15% (v/v), adding nutrient in two levels (100% and 150% standard fertilizer level-Fert). Biochar affected growing media properties, with increases on pH and changes on the nutrient content levels. Biochar BFW enhanced the emergence of seeds in comparison to the control. Increased fertilizer levels benefited plant yield in BFW and BTS at 7.5%, but not at 15%. Leaf stomatal conductance was reduced at 150% fertilized biochars (BFW + Fert and BTS + Fert) at 7.5%, while total chlorophylls increased at BTS + Fert at 7.5% and 15%. The addition of biochars decreased the antioxidant activity in the plant. Lipid peroxidation in lettuce was increased in most cases with the presence of biochars (BFW, BTS) and 150% fertilization, activating antioxidant (superoxide oxidase and peroxidase) enzymatic metabolisms. The addition of Biochars in the growing media increased the content of nutrients in seedlings, as plants could absorb more available nutrients. Biochar of beech, spruce, and pine species (BFW) at 7.5% was more promising for substituting peat to produce lettuce seedlings. However, examining different species (tomato, leek, impatiens, and geranium) with BFW at 7.5%, the results were not common, and each species needs to be evaluated further.
Identification of the Key microRNAs and miRNA-mRNA Interaction Networks during the Ovarian Development of Hens
Authors: Li Jing , Li Chong , Li Qi , Li Wen-Ting , Li Hong , Li Guo-Xi , Kang Xiang-Tao , Liu Xiao-Jun , Tian Ya-Dong
Published: September 2020

It is well-known that multiple functional miRNAs are found in mammals’ ovaries, which are linked not only to ovarian development, but also to maturation and apoptosis. However, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding the role of miRNAs in the hen ovary. In the present study, we analyzed the miRNA sequencing libraries of ovaries at the four different developmental stages of hens (15, 20, 30, and 68 W) and a total of 677 known miRNAs and 61 novel miRNAs were identified. In total, 209 of them were differently expressed miRNAs (DE miRNAs) obtained from comparisons of the four stages, including 84 upregulated and 125 downregulated DE miRNAs. Furthermore, the five key DE miRNAs gga-miR-2954, gga-miR-6634-5p, gga-miR-449b-5p, gga-miR-449c-3p, and gga-miR449c-5p were screened using an analysis of the miRNA-mRNA interaction network and functional enrichment annotated in seven significantly enriched pathways, such as endocytosis, lysine degradation, the biosynthesis of amino acids, and the MAPK signaling pathway, which may primarily participate in cell differentiation and proliferation, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and angiogenesis by targeting the related genes. For instance, gga-miR-449 family members were predicted to target 15 genes, including TGFB1, TPM1, TPM3, and CAMKB2, which were reported to regulate follicular growth, selection, and the ovulatory cycle. Taken together, our results illustrate the ovarian miRNA profiles of the four classic developmental stages of hens and highlight the significant role of miRNAs in ovarian development and functions. However, in-depth research needs to be carried out to validate the potential functional miRNAs found in this study.
Fermented Feed Modulates Meat Quality and Promotes the Growth of Longissimus Thoracis of Late-Finishing Pigs
Authors: Qiu Yueqin , Li Kebiao , Zhao Xichen , Liu Shilong , Wang Li , Yang Xuefen , Jiang Zongyong
Published: September 2020

This study investigated the effect of fermented diet on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality and growth of longissimus thoracis (LT) of finishing pigs. A total of 48 finishing pigs [Duroc × (Landrace × Large White), male, 126 ± 5-d-old] weighing 98.76 ± 1.27 kg were randomly assigned to two treatments (eight pens per treatment and three pigs per pen) for a 28-d feeding trial, including control diet and fermented diet. Fermented diet significantly increased the loin eye area and lean mass percentage, decreased backfat thickness and improved meat quality of LT by decreasing the shear force and drip loss at 48 h post slaughter and improving meat sensory characteristics compared with control diet. A fermented diet also significantly increased the abundance of insulin, insulin receptor (IR), myoblast determination protein (MyoD) and myosin heavy chain-I (MyHC-I) transcripts, and the phosphorylation levels of AKT, mTORC1, 4EBP1 and S6K1 in LT, while decreasing the expression of muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx) and forkhead Box O1 (Foxo1) mRNA transcripts. Moreover, proteomic analysis revealed that differentially expressed proteins predominantly involved in protein synthesis and muscle development were modulated by fermented diet. Our results indicated that a fermented diet improved meat quality and enhanced LT growth of finishing pigs by increasing insulin/AKT/mTORC1 protein synthesis cascade and activating the Foxo1/MAFbx pathway, along with the regulation of ribosomal protein and proteins involved in muscle contraction and muscle hypertrophy.
Nano Chromium Picolinate Improves Gene Expression Associated with Insulin Signaling in Porcine Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue
Authors: T. Hung Alex , Leury Brian J. , A. Sabin Matthew , Fahri Fahri , DiGiacomo Kristy , Lien Tu-Fa , Dunshea Frank R.
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the interactive effects of dietary nano chromium picolinate (nCrPic) and dietary fat on genes involved in insulin signaling in skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue of pigs. Forty-eight gilts were stratified on body weight into four blocks of four pens of three pigs and then within each block each pen was randomly allocated to four treatment groups in a 2 × 2 factorial design. The respective factors were dietary fat (22 or 57 g/kg) and dietary nCrPic (0 or 400 ppb nCrPic) fed for six weeks. Skeletal muscle samples were collected from the Longissimus thoracis and subcutaneous adipose tissue collected from above this muscle. Dietary nCrPic increased adiponectin, uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) and serine/threonine protein kinase (AKT) mRNA expression, whereas dietary fat decreased adiponectin and increased leptin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) mRNA expression in adipose tissue. In skeletal muscle, dietary nCrPic increased phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), AKT, UCP3 and interleukin-15 (IL-15), as well as decreased suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) mRNA expression. The improvement in insulin signaling and muscle mass and the reduction in carcass fatness by dietary nCrPic may be via decreased SOCS3 and increased UCP3 and IL-15 in skeletal muscle and increased adiponectin in subcutaneous adipose tissue.
Review: Application and Prospective Discussion of Machine Learning for the Management of Dairy Farms
Authors: Cockburn Marianne
Published: September 2020

Dairy farmers use herd management systems, behavioral sensors, feeding lists, breeding schedules, and health records to document herd characteristics. Consequently, large amounts of dairy data are becoming available. However, a lack of data integration makes it difficult for farmers to analyze the data on their dairy farm, which indicates that these data are currently not being used to their full potential. Hence, multiple issues in dairy farming such as low longevity, poor performance, and health issues remain. We aimed to evaluate whether machine learning (ML) methods can solve some of these existing issues in dairy farming. This review summarizes peer-reviewed ML papers published in the dairy sector between 2015 and 2020. Ultimately, 97 papers from the subdomains of management, physiology, reproduction, behavior analysis, and feeding were considered in this review. The results confirm that ML algorithms have become common tools in most areas of dairy research, particularly to predict data. Despite the quantity of research available, most tested algorithms have not performed sufficiently for a reliable implementation in practice. This may be due to poor training data. The availability of data resources from multiple farms covering longer periods would be useful to improve prediction accuracies. In conclusion, ML is a promising tool in dairy research, which could be used to develop and improve decision support for farmers. As the cow is a multifactorial system, ML algorithms could analyze integrated data sources that describe and ultimately allow managing cows according to all relevant influencing factors. However, both the integration of multiple data sources and the obtainability of public data currently remain challenging.
Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Antiproliferative Effects of Coronilla minima: An Unexplored Botanical Species
Authors: Ferrante Claudio , Angelini Paola , Venanzoni Roberto , Angeles Flores Giancarlo , Tirillini Bruno , Recinella Lucia , Chiavaroli Annalisa , Brunetti Luigi , Leone Sheila , Di Simone Simonetta Cristina , Ciferri Maria Chiara , Zengin Gokhan , Ak Gunes , Menghini Luigi , Orlando Giustino
Published: September 2020

Coronilla species, belonging to the Coronilla genus (Fabaceae), have long been used in traditional medicine for treating cold, diabetes, pain, and as cardiotonics. The goal of the present study was to explore the phytochemical composition and pharmaco-toxicological properties of C. minima. In this regard, phenolic content, scavenging/reducing properties and antimicrobial activity toward pathogen bacterial (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus) and fungal strains (Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, Aspergillus tubigensis and A. minutus) were investigated. Extract effects on human colon cancer HCT116 cell viability were also assayed. Finally, a bioinformatics approach was conducted with the aim to identify putative microbial and human protein targets underlying antibacterial, antimycotic, and antiproliferative effects. Phytochemical investigation suggested that water extract is richer in terms of total flavonoid and phenol content, whereas the hydroalcoholic extract was revealed to be more potent as antioxidant agent. According to bioinformatics analysis, the antibacterial activity of the hydroalcoholic extract could be related to its content in resveratrol. The presence of resveratrol could also explain the hydroalcoholic extract efficacy in reducing HCT116 cell viability. In conclusion, the present study represents the first phytochemical and bio-pharmacological investigation about C. minima. Like other plants belonging to the Fabaceae family, C. minima revealed a good source of resveratrol, which could explain, albeit partially, the efficacy of the hydroalcoholic extract as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiproliferative agent.
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Porcine Pasteurella multocida Are Not Associated with Its Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern
Authors: Petrocchi-Rilo Máximo , Gutiérrez-Martín César-B. , Pérez-Fernández Esther , Vilaró Anna , Fraile Lorenzo , Martínez-Martínez Sonia
Published: September 2020

Forty-eight Pasteurella multocida isolates were recovered from porcine pneumonic lungs collected from farms in “Castilla y León” (north-western Spain) in 2017–2019. These isolates were characterized for their minimal inhibition concentrations to twelve antimicrobial agents and for the appearance of eight resistance genes: tetA, tetB, blaROB1, blaTEM, ermA, ermC, mphE and msrE. Relevant resistance percentages were shown against tetracyclines (52.1% for doxycycline, 68.7% for oxytetracycline), sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (43.7%) and tiamulin (25.0%), thus suggesting that P. multocida isolates were mostly susceptible to amoxicillin, ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, marbofloxacin and macrolides. Overall, 29.2% of isolates were resistant to more than two antimicrobials. The tetracycline resistance genes (tetA and tetB) were detected in 22.9% of the isolates, but none were positive to both simultaneously; blaROB1 and blaTEM genes were found in one third of isolates but both genes were detected simultaneously in only one isolate. The ermC gene was observed in 41.7% of isolates, a percentage that decreased to 22.9% for msrE; finally, ermA was harbored by 16.7% and mphE was not found in any of them. Six clusters were established based on hierarchical clustering analysis on antimicrobial susceptibility for the twelve antimicrobials. Generally, it was unable to foresee the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern for each family and the association of each particular isolate inside the clusters established from the presence or absence of the resistance genes analyzed.
Surveillance of Antibiotic Resistance of Maltose-Negative Staphylococcus aureus in South African Dairy Herds
Authors: Karzis Joanne , Petzer Inge-Marié , Donkin Edward F. , Naidoo Vinny , Etter Eric M.C.
Published: September 2020

Antibiotic resistance has been reported since the 1940s in both human and veterinary medicine. Many years of monitoring milk samples in South Africa led to identification of a novel maltose-negative Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strain, which appears to be an emerging pathogen. In this study, the susceptibility of this strain to antibiotics was evaluated over time, during diverse seasons in various provinces and according to somatic cell count (SCC) categories. A data set of 271 maltose-negative S. aureus isolates, from milk samples of 117 dairy herds, was examined using the disk diffusion method, between 2010 and 2017. This study also compared the susceptibility testing of 57 maltose-negative and 57 maltose-positive S. aureus isolated from 38 farms, from three provinces using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The MIC results for the maltose-negative S. aureus isolates showed highest resistance to ampicillin (100%) and penicillin (47.4) and lowest resistance (1.8%) to azithromycin, ciprofloxacin and erythromycin. The maltose-negative S. aureus isolates showed overall significantly increased antibiotic resistance compared to the maltose-positive strains, as well as multidrug resistance. Producers and veterinarians should consider probability of cure of such organisms (seemingly non-chronic) when adapting management and treatment, preventing unnecessary culling.