bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A APROPRIAÇÃO DO CERRADO BAIANO PELO AGRONEGÓCIO: novos usos do território e as mudanças socioeconômicas e socioespaciais
Authors: Santos Rita De Cássia Evangelista dos
Published: January 2017

Resumo: O artigo analisa o processo de apropriação do Cerrado baiano pelo agronegócio e as mudanças no uso do território bem como as mudanças socioeconômicas e socioespaciais decorrentes desses novos usos. O Oeste da Bahia vem passando por um processo de modernização da agricultura desde o final da década de 1970 empreendido por sujeitos capitalizados provenientes do sul e sudeste do país, por empresas e pelo Estado, impondo novos usos ao território, que passa a obedecer ordens externas. Desse processo, decorre um fluxo migratório em direção à região Oeste da Bahia e grandes mudanças socioespaciais.
IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE ÁREAS PRIORITÁRIAS PARA A CONSERVAÇÃO DA NATUREZA NA BACIA DO RIO MOURÃO-PR, SOB A PERSPECTIVA DO PLANEJAMENTO DA PAISAGEM
Authors: Scipioni Bruna , Mezzomo Maristela Denise Moresco , Corneli Vanessa Medeiros
Published: January 2017

O Planejamento da Paisagem, aplicado nos estudos integrados da paisagem, se constitui como uma ferramenta que pode ajudar a planejar as atividades humanas, potencializando a conservação da natureza. Nesta perspectiva, este estudo tem como objetivo identificar áreas prioritárias para conservação da natureza na bacia do rio Mourão, no estado do Paraná, aplicando os pressupostos teórico-metodológicos do Planejamento da Paisagem. Para a definição das áreas prioritárias, foi feito a caracterização da paisagem da bacia, a delimitação de 4 unidades de paisagem, a classificação da cobertura vegetal e a localização de unidades de conservação.  A correlação destas informações levou a definição de2 áreas prioritárias para a conservação da natureza na bacia.
ANÁLISE DO USO E OCUPAÇÃO DA TERRA COMO INSTRUMENTO DE GESTÃO DA ESTAÇÃO ECOLÓGICA SERRA GERAL DO TOCANTINS, ESTADOS DO TOCANTINS E BAHIA.
Authors: Cristo Sandro Sidnei Vargas de , Trentin Romário , Robaina Luis Eduardo de Souza
Published: January 2017

A pesquisa consiste na análise do uso e ocupação da terra da Estação Ecológica Serra Geral do Tocantins e entorno, localizada entre os estados do Tocantins e da Bahia, região do Jalapão. Para atingir o objetivo proposto adotou-se como procedimento metodológico o uso do geoprocessamento com a organização de um banco de dados via SIG utilizando o software SPRING e imagens de satélites (Cbers e Landsat), além de cartas topográficas, mapas e arquivos digitais. O trabalho apresenta a organização do mapa temático de uso e ocupação, além de uma ampla discussão dos fatores de pressão sobre a Estação Ecológica, como agropecuária, urbanização, entre outros. Os resultados demonstram que à análise do uso e ocupação é de suma importância para o melhor entendimento do valor ecológico-ambiental e devem ser considerados na gestão e conservação.
Changes in Triticum aestivum and Hordeum vulgare chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters under impact of various sapropel concentrations
Authors: Klepeckas Martynas , Januškaitienė Irena
Published: January 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of sapropel of Tarosiškis Lake on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) photosynthesis parameters (the  content of chlorophylls and chlorophyll fluorescence). Plants were sown in one-litre-volume pots by 10 seeds with light loamy soil and grown in growth chambers. Considering sapropel composition, 2.2, 3.1, and 4  t/ha dry sapropel concentrations were chosen for investigation. Sapropel-affected plants were compared with plants grown in unfertilized soils and soils fertilized with inorganic fertilizer. On day 14 of the experiment, when the plants reached the two-leaves development stage (BBCH 12), chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the  investigated plants were measured. Then the plants were grown for another four weeks and at the stem elongation stage (BBCH 31) chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured repeatedly, and the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids were measured as well. By increasing sapropel concentration in soil, the ratio Fv/Fm in wheat leaves increased (r = 0.97) significantly (p  0.05). Fv/Fm of barley followed the same tendency. By increasing sapropel concentration, the PI index value also increased for wheat (r = 0.4; p > 0.05) and barley (r = 0.82; p
Translation Studies: Some Recent Developments
Authors: Trosborg Anna
Published: January 2017

No abstracts.
Interpreting Research and the 'Manipulation School' of Translation Studies
Authors: Schjoldager Anne
Published: January 2017

This article examines, explains and puts into perspective what others have dubbed the ‘Manipulation School’. This group of scholars see themselves as working within descriptive translation studies (DTS), as defined by Holmes (1975), and their main methodological tool is a search for translational norms, first proposed by Toury (1980a). The article then explores how these ideas relate to current research on interpreting - especially Gile’s work - and it concludes that, with certain modifications, the theory of translational norms could be extended to interpreting.
Translating Machine or Creator? On Finnish-Swedish Community Interpreting in Sweden
Authors: Wande Erling
Published: January 2017

The paper relates the objectives and preliminary results from a project on Finnish/Swedish community interpreting in Sweden, the so called FIKON-project at the Department of Finnish, Stockholm University (Swed. Finsk-svensk kontakttolkning i Sverige). A point of departure for the investigation are the ethical recommendations to interpreters formulated by the Swedish National Board of Trade, according to which the interpreter has to act neutrally and objectively. The data, deriving from 32 tape recordings in four different communicative settings (social insurance office, doctor/patient-conversation, consultation of diabetes nurse and courtroom proceedings), show a considerable deviation in the acting of the interpreters relative to the recommendations. A theoretical framework for an analysis of the data is the skopos theory.
Wadensjö, Cecilia: Interpreting as Interaction. On dialogue-interpreting in immigration hearings and medical encounters. Lindköping University, 1992
Authors: Dam Helle V. , Schjoldager Anne
Published: January 2017

No abstract.
Diverse reviews
Authors: Reviews Diverse
Published: January 2017

No abstracts.
Editorial
Authors: Lauridsen Karen M. , Lauridsen Ole
Published: January 2017

No abstract.
The Text Corpus and Corpus Retrieval System of The Danish Dictionary
Authors: Asmussen Jørg
Published: January 2017

No abstract.
Medium-transferability and corpora: Remarks from the consumer-end of corpus linguistics
Authors: Esser Jürgen
Published: January 2017

A distinction is made between units and categories that are medium-independent (e.g. word class, noun phrase and clause) and those that are tied to the medium of realization. While the orthographic sentence is a typical highly conventionalised unit that is tied to the written medium, the tone unit is a typical unit of the spoken medium. There are, however, some problems related to this unit of realisation. Not only is the tone unit and its organisation into higher-level units subject to theoretical dispute, it also has a different status in speaking and reading respectively, which so far has been largely ignored in corpus linguistics.
Annotating large speech corpora: building on the experience of Marsec
Authors: Knowles Gerry
Published: January 2017

This paper discusses a methodology for the processing of large amounts of speech data using database techniques and applying the lessons learned in the compilation of the Marsec database. The methodology is offered as an alternative to the conventional method of processing the orthographic transcription using only techniques designed for written texts. It is argued that while according to past practice it might appear that the first step in processing spoken texts is to make phonemic and prosodic transcriptions, these are not in reality necessary. Given the appropriate organisation of the data, much of the information in conventional transcriptions is predictable, and human expertise is required only to add unpredictable supplementary annotations.
Sociolinguistics and Language History: The Helsinki Corpus of Early English Correspondence
Authors: Nevalainen Terttu , Raumolin-Brunberg Helena
Published: January 2017

The paper introduces our new project on diachronic sociolinguistics, focusing on the problems of compiling a representative corpus for this purpose. We study long-term linguistic change in the Late Middle and Early Modern English periods (1420-1680) in a computer-readable corpus of personal letters, which is designed specifically for the purposes of sociohistorical research. When completed, the Helsinki Corpus of Early English Correspondence will comprise some 1.5 million running words representing all the literate social ranks of the time, both sexes, and different ages and occupations. In our case, the issues that a corpus compiler must deal with include the coverage of all the sociolinguistically relevant categories of data, authenticity of extant materials, and the quality of editing.
Compromiser - a notional paradigm
Authors: Paradis Carita
Published: January 2017

On the basis of an investigation of the lexical forms quite, rather, fairly, and pretty in contemporary spoken British English, I postulate that these lexical items form a notional paradigm of compromiser within the category of degree modifiers. Compromisers are cognitive synonyms that occupy the middle of an abstract intensity scale, approximating a mean degree of another word, eg quite / rather / fairly / pretty dirty. They are all polysemous and poly-functional words, whose meanings are determined by a crucial semantic trait ‘to a moderate degree’ on the paradigmatic axis, and by a semantic-syntactic, selection-licensing mechanism on the syntagmatic axis.
Interpretation Research: A New Impetus?
Authors: Gile Daniel
Published: January 2017

Attitudinal changes are a salient recent development in the interpreting research community. They include an aspiration to science and to interdisciplinarity. However, such an aspiration is difficult to implement because of training- and motivation-related constraints, as well as difficulties in access to field data. The most promising avenues for development lie in research promotion policies in interpretation schools, and in the involvement of non-interpreting researchers in interpretation research.
Infancia, exilio y memoria. Tres relatos de una infancia transterrada tras la última dictadura argentina / Childhood, exile and memory. Three stories of a translanded childhood after the last dictatorship in Argentina
Authors: Meloni González Carolina Natalia , González de Oleaga Marisa , Saiegh Dorín Ana Carola
Published: January 2017

Este trabajo aborda la cuestión del exilio desde una figura en particular: la infancia. Cientos de miles de niños y adolescentes terminaron por convertirse en desterrados o expatriados, debido a la situación política que atravesaba el país. A través de tres relatos autobiográficos de infancia y adolescencia, exploramos lo que supuso el exilio desde la experiencia de esas edades. Los tres relatos, narrados en primera persona y desde voces femeninas, nos sumergen en tres historias distintas. Sus protagonistas, aunque poseen edades diferentes, aparecen unidas por un único hilo conductor: cierta resignificación del exilio, del regreso y del lenguaje, emerge como condición de posibilidad de supervivencia para estos sujetos transterrados. Palabras clave: Dictadura argentina, exilio, destierro, transterrados, infancia, autobiografía, Walter Benjamin. This paper focuses the exile from a new point of view: childhood. Thousands of teenagers and children ended up exiled, due to the political situation the country was facing. Through three biographical stories of childhood and adolescence, it explores what the exile meant for them. These three stories will help us to understand what the exile meant for this age range. The three stories are narrated in the first person, by female voices. Their main characters are linked by a common thread: a certain redefinition of the exile, the return and the language emerge as a condition of possibility for their survival. Keywords: Argentinian Dictatorship, Exile, Translanded, Childhood, Autobiography, Walter Benjamin.
Patrimonios disonantes y memorias democráticas: una comparación entre Chile y España / Dissonant Heritage and Democratic Memories: a Comparison between Chile and Spain
Authors: Bianchini Maria Chiara
Published: January 2017

En este artículo se comparan las políticas de memoria en Chile y España. Se establecen similitudes y diferencias en el ámbito de la gestión del patrimonio construido, a partir de algunos ejemplos de monumentos intencionales y no intencionales representativos del reciente pasado dictatorial. Se propone una lectura centrada en dos tipos de memoria pública “democrática” y se discute un modelo alternativo, que emerge de los diálogos académicos que conectan España y el Cono Sur. Palabras clave: Políticas de memoria, monumentos, patrimonio, Chile, España. This article compares politics of memory in Chile and Spain. It establishes similarities and differences in the management of built heritage, using examples of intentional and unintentional monuments that represent the dictatorial past. It proposes an interpretation centered in two different types of “democratic” memory and discusses an alternative model, which emerges from the academic dialogues that connect Spain and the Southern Cone. Keywords: Politics of Memory, Monuments, Heritage, Chile, Spain.
¿La vuelta a los dos demonios? Cine y pasado reciente en Argentina: una lectura actual / The Return to the theory of two demons? Cinema and Recent Past in Argentina: a current reading
Authors: Zarco Julieta
Published: January 2017

Este artículo indaga acerca de los tres “momentos de la memoria” (Zarco, 2016: 12-13), entendiendo con ello, el espacio, la puesta en agenda, la visibilidad, los límites y los alcances que los diferentes gobiernos han otorgado a la reconstrucción del pasado reciente argentino. Dependiendo de la estrategia memorística propuesta por cada gobierno, el cine tendrá mayor o menor apoyo estatal, implicando ello una mayor o menor repercusión de público. Para abordar las políticas de la memoria del actual gobierno argentino, se indaga acerca de lo que hemos denominado el cuarto momento de la memoria, “Vuelta a los dos demonios (2016-)” en el que se evidencia un regreso a la “teoría de los dos demonios”, ya planteada durante el gobierno de Alfonsín (1983-1989). This article focuses on the three "moments of memory" (Zarco, 2016: 12-13), meaning  the space,  the visibility and the limits that different governments have given to the reconstruction of Argentine recent past. Depending on the mnemonic strategy followed by each government, films productions have had  more or less state support, thus implying greater or lesser public impact. To deal with the politics of memory of the current Argentine government, we must look into what we call the fourth moment of memory, "the return to the two demons (2016)", with the return to the "theory of the two demons ", already suggested during the government of Alfonsín (1983-1989).
'Convocando al fantasma. Novela crítica en la España actual' de David Becerra Mayor (coord.)
Authors: Collado Sancho Hèctor
Published: January 2017

Becerra Mayor, David (coord.) (2015). Convocando al fantasma. Novela crítica en la España actual. Ciempozuelos: Tierradenadie Ediciones
Ficciones inesperadas en la narrativa testimonial concentracionaria española y argentina
Authors: Simón Paula
Published: January 2017

El presente artículo reflexiona sobre las narrativas testimoniales concentracionarias de los siglos XX y XXI desde una perspectiva transnacional teniendo en cuenta dos de ellas: la escrita por los exiliados republicanos españoles en los campos de concentración franceses a partir de 1939 y la producida por los supervivientes de los centros de detención clandestinos en Argentina entre 1976 y 1983. El análisis de las estrategias de ficcionalización y de reelaboración estética de la experiencia permitirá actualizar debates aún vigentes en torno al testimonio: la relación entre estos y la verdad y las diferentes posturas que adoptan los autores acerca del lugar de la literatura en la búsqueda de caminos eficaces para relatar la experiencia traumática.  Palabras clave: testimonio; campo de concentración; España; Argentina; estrategias narrativas.
APP modulates KCC2 expression and function in hippocampal GABAergic inhibition
Authors: Chen Ming , Wang Jinzhao , Jiang Jinxiang , Zheng Xingzhi , Justice Nicholas J , Wang Kun , Ran Xiangqian , Li Yi , Huo Qingwei , Zhang Jiajia , Li Hongmei , Lu Nannan , Wang Ying , Zheng Hui , Long Cheng , Yang Li
Published: January 2017

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is enriched at the synapse, but its synaptic function is still poorly understood. We previously showed that GABAergic short-term plasticity is impaired in App knock-out (App-/-) animals, but the precise mechanism by which APP regulates GABAergic synaptic transmission has remained elusive. Using electrophysiological, biochemical, moleculobiological, and pharmacological analysis, here we show that APP can physically interact with KCC2, a neuron-specific K+-Cl- cotransporter that is essential for Cl- homeostasis and fast GABAergic inhibition. APP deficiency results in significant reductions in both total and membrane KCC2 levels, leading to a depolarizing shift in the GABA reversal potential (EGABA). Simultaneous measurement of presynaptic action potentials and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in hippocampal neurons reveals impaired unitary IPSC amplitudes attributable to a reduction in α1 subunit levels of GABAAR. Importantly, restoration of normal KCC2 expression and function in App-/- mice rescues EGABA, GABAAR α1 levels and GABAAR mediated phasic inhibition. We show that APP functions to limit tyrosine-phosphorylation and ubiquitination and thus subsequent degradation of KCC2, providing a mechanism by which APP influences KCC2 abundance. Together, these experiments elucidate a novel molecular pathway in which APP regulates, via protein-protein interaction with KCC2, GABAAR mediated inhibition in the hippocampus.
Assessment of Patient Adherence to Direct Oral Anticoagulant vs Warfarin Therapy
Authors: Patel Salma I. , Cherington Chad , Scherber Robyn , Barr Kathryn , McLemore Ryan , Morisky Donald E. , Cha Stephen , Mookadam Farouk , Shamoun Fadi
Published: January 2017

Context: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) may be as effective as, and at times safer than, warfarin. Because DOACs do not require regular serum level monitoring, patients’ interaction with the health care system may be reduced. To the authors’ knowledge, although studies have evaluated warfarin adherence, few studies have evaluated the real-world adherence to DOACs.

Objective: To evaluate whether a difference exists between medication adherence of patients taking DOACs vs patients taking warfarin.

Methods: The electronic medical records of the Anticoagulation Clinic database at Mayo Clinic in Scottsdale, Arizona, were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were adults taking DOACs and a matching cohort taking warfarin between January 1, 2011, and December 30, 2013. The Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 item, a validated medication adherence tool, was used to evaluate adherence in both cohorts, and the qualitative covariates were analyzed using ordinal logistic regression.

Results: Of 324 surveys that were sent, 110 patients (34.0%) responded. Most patients took DOACs for atrial fibrillation, and few took DOACs for venous thromboembolism. Overall, 60 of 66 patients (90.9%) in the DOAC group and 42 of 44 patients (95.5%) in the warfarin group reported medium or high adherence. Difference in adherence scores between the 2 groups was not statistically significant (P=.8).

Conclusion: Similar adherence was noted between DOACs and warfarin regardless of the frequency of serum level monitoring.
Thermoelectric properties of LiCo1−
xMxO2 (M = Cu, Mg, Ni, Zn): Comparison with LiyCoO2 and NayCoO2 systems
Authors: Mizuno Shu , Fujishiro Hiroyuki , Ishizawa Mamoru , Naito Tomoyuki , Katsui Hirokazu , Goto Takashi
Published: January 2017

Li
y
CoO2 has a similar layered structure to Na
y
CoO2, which is a typical p-type oxide thermoelectric material, and the average Co valence of 3 + y is controlled by the Li content y. We investigated the thermoelectric properties of LiCo1−

x
M
x
O2 samples (M = Cu, Mg, Ni, Zn) for the first time at high temperatures, in which Co3+ was substituted by the divalent M2+ ions, and the average Co valence of 3 + x can be controlled similarly to the Li content y in Li
y
CoO2. The substitution of the M2+ ions for the Co site was found to show thermoelectric properties similar to those of Li
y
CoO2 with the same average Co valence. The Mg-doped sample showed the highest thermoelectric performance at high temperatures in this study; the thermoelectric power factor P is 2.38 × 10−4 W m−1 K−2 at 1173 K and the dimensionless figure of merit ZT is 0.024 at 876 K. The thermoelectric potential of LiCo1−

x
M
x
O2 is discussed and compared with those of Li
y
CoO2 and Na
y
CO2 systems.
Thermoelectric properties of high power factor sulfide NiSbS and Co substitution system Ni1−
xCoxSbS
Authors: Miyata Masanobu , Ozaki Taisuke , Nishino Shunsuke , Koyano Mikio
Published: January 2017

This paper describes experimental and theoretical investigations of electronic and thermoelectric (TE) properties of high power factor sulfide Ni1−

x
Co
x
SbS (x = 0, 0.10, 0.20, and 0.40). For NiSbS, even in the metallic behavior, the power factor PF of NiSbS is 1.9 mW·K−2·m−1 at 300 K, which exceeds the high performance TE sulfide materials as tetrahedrites or colusites. For the Ni1−

x
Co
x
SbS system, the residual electrical resistivity ρresidual increases. However, the thermopower S decreases in comparison with NiSbS. For density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the chemical potential μ for NiSbS is located at the edge of the pseudo-gap in the electronic density of states (DOS). Electronic structure μ is located at the peak of PF, as understood by the large transmission R(E) and ∂R(E)/∂E at Fermi energy E
F for NiSbS. For Co-substitution, μ shifts to the valley of PF from the peak, indicating the importance of electron filling control for TE properties.
Gait disorder as a predictor of spatial learning and memory impairment in aged mice
Authors: Wang Xin , Wang Qing M. , Meng Zhaoxiang , Yin Zhenglu , Luo Xun , Yu Duonan
Published: January 2017

Objective

To investigate whether gait dysfunction is a predictor of severe spatial learning and memory impairment in aged mice.

Methods

A total of 100 12-month-old male mice that had no obvious abnormal motor ability and whose Morris water maze performances were not significantly different from those of two-month-old male mice were selected for the study. The selected aged mice were then divided into abnormal or normal gait groups according to the results from the quantitative gait assessment. Gaits of aged mice were defined as abnormal when the values of quantitative gait parameters were two standard deviations (SD) lower or higher than those of 2-month-old male mice. Gait parameters included stride length, variability of stride length, base of support, cadence, and average speed. After nine months, mice exhibiting severe spatial learning and memory impairment were separated from mice with mild or no cognitive dysfunction. The rate of severe spatial learning and memory impairment in the abnormal and normal gait groups was tested by a chi-square test and the correlation between gait dysfunction and decline in cognitive function was tested using a diagnostic test.

Results

The 12-month-old aged mice were divided into a normal gait group (n = 75) and an abnormal gait group (n = 25). Nine months later, three mice in the normal gait group and two mice in the abnormal gait group had died. The remaining mice were subjected to the Morris water maze again, and 17 out of 23 mice in the abnormal gait group had developed severe spatial learning and memory impairment, including six with stride length deficits, 15 with coefficient of variation (CV) in stride length, two with base of support (BOS) deficits, five with cadence dysfunction, and six with average speed deficits. In contrast, only 15 out of 72 mice in the normal gait group developed severe spatial learning and memory impairment. The rate of severe spatial learning and memory impairment was significantly higher in the abnormal gait group as compared to that in the normal gait group (x = 21.986, P < 0.001). All five parameters used to assess gait predicted severe spatial learning and memory impairment in aged mice (P < 0.01). However, the difference of the area under the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve for each quantitative gait parameter was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Gait disorders are a predictor of severe spatial learning and memory impairment in aged mice, and stride length, variability of stride length, base of support, cadence, and average speed are all sensitive parameters for assessing gait.
Signature of magmatic processes in strainmeter records at Campi Flegrei (Italy)
Authors: Bagagli M. , Montagna C.P. , Papale P. , Longo A.
Published: December 2016

Volcanic unrest at Campi Flegrei caldera, Southern Italy, is characterized by episodes of ground deformation, seismicity, and enhanced fumarolic activity; whether its origin is purely hydrothermal or magmatic is highly debated. We have identified ground deformation patterns in strainmeter records from a heightened unrest period in late 2006, closely resembling synthetic signals from numerical simulations of shallow magma chamber replenishment and mixing. Together with other recent findings, our results depict a situation whereby periodic arrivals of deep magma feed a shallow intrusion at 3–4 km depth. These results suggest that the analysis of strainmeter records, coupled with advanced numerical simulations of magma dynamics, could lead to new approaches in imaging subsurface dynamic processes in volcanic areas.
Divergent surface and total soil moisture projections under global warming
Authors: Berg Alexis , Sheffield Justin , Milly P. C. D.
Published: December 2016

Land aridity has been projected to increase with global warming. Such projections are mostly based on off‐line aridity and drought metrics applied to climate model outputs but also are supported by climate‐model projections of decreased surface soil moisture. Here we comprehensively analyze soil moisture projections from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5, including surface, total, and layer‐by‐layer soil moisture. We identify a robust vertical gradient of projected mean soil moisture changes, with more negative changes near the surface. Some regions of the northern middle to high latitudes exhibit negative annual surface changes but positive total changes. We interpret this behavior in the context of seasonal changes in the surface water budget. This vertical pattern implies that the extensive drying predicted by off‐line drought metrics, while consistent with the projected decline in surface soil moisture, will tend to overestimate (negatively) changes in total soil water availability.
Extremely field‐aligned cool electrons in the dayside outer magnetosphere
Authors: Mozer F. S. , Agapitov O. A. , Angelopoulos V. , Hull A. , Larson D. , Lejosne S. , McFadden J. P.
Published: December 2016

For 200 days in 2016 while Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms D (THEMIS‐D) was in the dayside, equatorial magnetosphere, its electron energy coverage was modified such that the first 15 energy steps covered the range of 1–30 eV and 16 steps covered energies to 30 keV. These measurements were free of backgrounds from photoelectrons, secondaries, or ionospheric plasma plumes. Three energy bands of electrons were observed: cold electrons having energies below 1 eV (plasmaspheric plumes measured by the spacecraft potential); cool electrons, defined as electrons having energies of 1–25 eV; and hot electrons having energies of 25 eV to 30 keV. The cool electron fluxes at fixed radial distances varied by an order of magnitude from one orbit to the next. These fluxes often increased with increasing radial distance, suggesting an external source. They were extremely field aligned, having pitch angle ratios (flux at 0–20° and 160–180° divided by the flux at 80–100°) greater than 100. Evidence is presented that they resulted from cusp electrons moving from open to closed magnetospheric field lines due to their E × B/B2 drift. They constituted the majority of the electron energy density at such times and places. They were not associated with magnetopause reconnection because they were not observed at the magnetopause, but they were observed as far as 3 RE inside of it. Their occurrence probability in the outer magnetosphere was ~50% in June and ~10% in September, suggesting a dayside source attributed to the tilt of the northern cusp toward the Sun during the summer.
Impacts of the QBO on the North Atlantic and Mediterranean storm tracks: An energetic perspective
Authors: Asbaghi Ghorban , Joghataei Mohammad , Mohebalhojeh Ali R.
Published: December 2016

Impacts of the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) on the energetics of the North Atlantic and Mediterranean storm tracks are discussed. The daily National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis data for the period 1953–2015 are used to evaluate the spatial distribution of eddy kinetic energy (EKE) and the main factors involved in generation, conversion, and propagation of the EKE in the westerly and easterly phases of the QBO. Results are presented for both early and late winter to uncover intraseasonal variations of the impact. It is shown that the QBO exerts a marked influence on the Mediterranean storm track in early winter, which is of the same order of its impact on the North Atlantic storm track. Further, the impact on the Mediterranean storm track is rather local in early winter but more influenced by variations in the North Atlantic storm track in late winter.
A model intercomparison of the tropical precipitation response to a CO2 doubling in aquaplanet simulations
Authors: Seo Jeongbin , Kang Sarah M. , Merlis Timothy M.
Published: December 2016

In the present‐day climate, the mean Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is north of the equator. We investigate changes in the ITCZ latitude under global warming, using multiple atmospheric models coupled to an aquaplanet slab ocean. The reference climate, with a warmer north from prescribed ocean heating, is perturbed by doubling CO2. Most models exhibit a northward ITCZ shift, but the shift cannot be accounted for by the response of energy flux equator where the atmospheric energy transport (FA) vanishes. The energetics of the simulated circulation shifts are subtle: changes in the efficiency with which the Hadley circulation transports energy, the total gross moist stability (Δm), dominate over mass flux changes in determining δFA. Even when δFA ≈ 0, the ITCZ can shift significantly due to changes in Δm, which have often been neglected previously. The dependence of ITCZ responses on δΔm calls for improved understanding of the physics determining the tropical Δm.
The latitudinal structure of nighttime ionospheric TEC and its empirical orthogonal functions model over North American sector
Authors: Le Huijun , Yang Na , Liu Libo , Chen Yiding , Zhang Hui
Published: December 2016

We collected total electron content (TEC) data in the longitudinal sector of 60°W–90°W during 1999–2015 to investigate the latitudinal variation of nighttime middle‐ and high‐latitude ionosphere. The midlatitude trough is one of the important features of the nighttime ionosphere. The statistical analysis provides unprecedented detail of the local time, seasonal, solar activity, and geomagnetic activity variations of the total electron content in the latitude range of 40°N–75°N, focusing on the variation of midlatitude trough. The results show that the trough minimum position has significant local time, seasonal, and geomagnetic activity dependences but slight solar activity dependence. In addition, an empirical model of the TEC in the middle to high latitudes was constructed by empirical orthogonal function analysis. The empirical model can reconstruct latitudinal profiles of TEC and well reproduce the dependence of the midlatitude trough on local time, seasonal, solar cycle, and geomagnetic activity. In addition, we also analyzed the geomagnetic activity dependence of TEC at different latitudes and different local time sectors.
Deep structure of the Lofoten‐Vesterålen segment of the Mid‐Norwegian continental margin and adjacent areas derived from 3‐D density modeling
Authors: Maystrenko Y. P. , Olesen O. , Gernigon L. , Gradmann S.
Published: December 2016

To understand the major structural features of the sedimentary cover and crystalline crust of the Lofoten‐Vesterålen margin and the northern part of the Vøring segment of the Mid‐Norwegian continental margin, a lithosphere‐scale 3‐D structural model has been constructed. This model extends from the exposed crystalline rocks of the Fennoscandian Shield in the east to the Cenozoic oceanic domain of the Norwegian‐Greenland Sea in the west, covering the Vestfjorden, Ribban, and Røst Basins and the northern parts of the Vøring Basin and Trøndelag Platform. All available published and/or released data have been used to set the initial 3‐D model which has been validated by means of 3‐D density forward modeling to obtain a gravity‐consistent 3‐D structural/density model. Results from the 3‐D density modeling reveal that relatively thick sedimentary rocks are present in the distal Røst Basin below the lava flows. The presence of a low‐density more than 20 km thick granitic body has been modeled within the middle‐upper crystalline crust beneath the eastern part of the Vestfjorden Basin and the adjacent mainland. Moreover, the results of the 3‐D density modeling indicate the presence of an atypical low‐density lithospheric mantle beneath a large part of the Lofoten‐Vesterålen margin which is required to fit the regional component of the modeled gravity with the observed one. The pronounced crustal feature within the model area is the Bivrost Lineament that appears to be the deeply seated lithosphere‐scale boundary that delineates clearly the Lofoten‐Vesterålen segment from the Vøring margin showing contrasting densities and crustal thicknesses.
Inelastic deformation during sill and laccolith emplacement: Insights from an analytic elastoplastic model
Authors: Scheibert J. , Galland O. , Hafver A.
Published: December 2016

Numerous geological observations evidence that inelastic deformation occurs during sills and laccoliths emplacement. However, most models of sill and laccolith emplacement neglect inelastic processes by assuming purely elastic deformation of the host rock. This assumption has never been tested so that the role of inelastic deformation on the growth dynamics of magma intrusions remains poorly understood. In this paper, we introduce the first analytical model of shallow sill and laccolith emplacement that accounts for elastoplastic deformation of the host rock. It considers the intrusion's overburden as a thin elastic bending plate attached to an elastic‐perfectly plastic foundation. We find that, for geologically realistic values of the model parameters, the horizontal extent of the plastic zone lp is much smaller than the radius of the intrusion a. By modeling the quasi‐static growth of a sill, we find that the ratio lp/a decreases during propagation, as
, with ΔP the magma overpressure. The model also shows that the extent of the plastic zone decreases with the intrusion's depth, while it increases if the host rock is weaker. Comparison between our elastoplastic model and existing purely elastic models shows that plasticity can have a significant effect on intrusion propagation dynamics, with, e.g., up to a doubling of the overpressure necessary for the sill to grow. Our results suggest that plasticity effects might be small for large sills but conversely that they might be substantial for early sill propagation.
Empty substrate integrated waveguide technology for E plane high‐frequency and high‐performance circuits
Authors: Belenguer Angel , Cano Juan Luis , Esteban Héctor , Artal Eduardo , Boria Vicente E.
Published: January 2017

Substrate integrated circuits (SIC) have attracted much attention in the last years because of their great potential of low cost, easy manufacturing, integration in a circuit board, and higher‐quality factor than planar circuits. A first suite of SIC where the waves propagate through dielectric have been first developed, based on the well‐known substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and related technological implementations. One step further has been made with a new suite of empty substrate integrated waveguides, where the waves propagate through air, thus reducing the associated losses. This is the case of the empty substrate integrated waveguide (ESIW) or the air‐filled substrate integrated waveguide (air‐filled SIW). However, all these SIC are H plane structures, so classical H plane solutions in rectangular waveguides have already been mapped to most of these new SIC. In this paper a novel E plane empty substrate integrated waveguide (ESIW‐E) is presented. This structure allows to easily map classical E plane solutions in rectangular waveguide to this new substrate integrated solution. It is similar to the ESIW, although more layers are needed to build the structure. A wideband transition (covering the frequency range between 33 GHz and 50 GHz) from microstrip to ESIW‐E is designed and manufactured. Measurements are successfully compared with simulation, proving the validity of this new SIC. A broadband high‐frequency phase shifter (for operation from 35 GHz to 47 GHz) is successfully implemented in ESIW‐E, thus proving the good performance of this new SIC in a practical application.
Approximate solutions for diffusive fracture‐matrix transfer: Application to storage of dissolved CO2 in fractured rocks
Authors: Zhou Quanlin , Oldenburg Curtis M. , Spangler Lee H. , Birkholzer Jens T.
Published: January 2017

Analytical solutions with infinite exponential series are available to calculate the rate of diffusive transfer between low‐permeability blocks and high‐permeability zones in the subsurface. Truncation of these series is often employed by neglecting the early‐time regime. In this paper, we present unified‐form approximate solutions in which the early‐time and the late‐time solutions are continuous at a switchover time. The early‐time solutions are based on three‐term polynomial functions in terms of square root of dimensionless time, with the first coefficient dependent only on the dimensionless area‐to‐volume ratio. The last two coefficients are either determined analytically for isotropic blocks (e.g., spheres and slabs) or obtained by fitting the exact solutions, and they solely depend on the aspect ratios for rectangular columns and parallelepipeds. For the late‐time solutions, only the leading exponential term is needed for isotropic blocks, while a few additional exponential terms are needed for highly anisotropic rectangular blocks. The optimal switchover time is between 0.157 and 0.229, with highest relative approximation error less than 0.2%. The solutions are used to demonstrate the storage of dissolved CO2 in fractured reservoirs with low‐permeability matrix blocks of single and multiple shapes and sizes. These approximate solutions are building blocks for development of analytical and numerical tools for hydraulic, solute, and thermal diffusion processes in low‐permeability matrix blocks.
Identifying the receptor subtype selectivity of retinoid X and retinoic acid receptors via quantum mechanics
Authors: Tsuji Motonori , Shudo Koichi , Kagechika Hiroyuki
Published: December 2016

Understanding and identifying the receptor subtype selectivity of a ligand is an important issue in the field of drug discovery. Using a combination of classical molecular mechanics and quantum mechanical calculations, this report assesses the receptor subtype selectivity for the human retinoid X receptor (hRXR) and retinoic acid receptor (hRAR) ligand‐binding domains (LBDs) complexed with retinoid ligands. The calculated energies show good correlation with the experimentally reported binding affinities. The technique proposed here is a promising method as it reveals the origin of the receptor subtype selectivity of selective ligands.
Emergency Medicine Faculty Are Poor at Predicting Burnout in Individual Trainees: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Lu Dave W. , Lank Patrick M. , Branzetti Jeremy B.
Published: December 2016

Objective

Burnout is common among emergency medicine (EM) physicians, and it is prevalent even among EM trainees. Recently proposed Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education requirements encourage faculty to alert residency leadership when trainees display signs of burnout. It remains uncertain how trainees experiencing burnout can be reliably identified. We examined if EM faculty advisers at one institution can accurately predict burnout in their EM resident advisees.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional, exploratory study at a single institution, we measured EM trainee burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory through a confidential, electronic survey. We subsequently asked EM faculty to predict if their designated advisees were experiencing burnout through a separate confidential, electronic survey. Burnout results were dichotomized from each survey and compared using a 2 × 2 contingency table and Fisher's exact test.

Results

Thirty‐six of 54 (66.7%) eligible EM trainees completed the burnout assessment. Eleven of 19 (57.9%) eligible faculty advisers completed trainee burnout predictions, resulting in 30 of 54 (55.6%) trainees who completed the burnout assessment and had a faculty burnout prediction. Trainees reported an overall burnout rate of 70.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 53.6% to 86.4%). Cumulative faculty predictions of trainee burnout resulted in an overall burnout rate of 16.7% (95% CI = –5.3% to 38.7%). The sensitivity and specificity of faculty predictions of trainee burnout were 19.1% (95% CI = 5.5% to 41.9%) and 88.9% (95% CI = 51.8% to 99.7%), respectively. Faculty prediction of trainee burnout had a positive predictive value of 80.0% (95% CI = 28.4% to 99.5%) and a negative predictive value of 32.0% (95% CI = 15.0% to 53.5). The difference between trainees’ reported rate of burnout and faculty predictions of trainee burnout was significant (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Emergency medicine faculty prediction of trainee burnout was poor. Education on recognizing burnout and other methods of identifying trainee burnout may be necessary.
Effect of the presence of organic matter on bubble points of oils in shales
Authors: Pathak Manas , Panja Palash , Levey Raymond , Deo Milind
Published: January 2017

The relative amounts of oil and gas produced in prolific plays like the Eagle Ford are affected by the oil bubble point. The oil and kerogen (organic matter) are found in the same rock and the oil may remain in contact with the kerogen. Bulk experiments and molecular simulations clearly show that kerogen preferentially absorbs hydrocarbons. The absorbed oil phase remains in multi‐component equilibrium with the expelled oil produced at the surface. Results from a model proposed to calculate the bubble points (at 400 K) of in situ oils (absorbed + free) in the presence of kerogen indicate suppression of about 4150–16,350 kPa from the original value of 28,025 kPa of produced Eagle Ford oil. These calculations depend on the type and level of maturity of kerogen. The prediction of accurate saturation pressures has key implications on volumes of recovery and rates of production from liquid rich shales. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 3083–3095, 2017
Copper nanoparticles supported on polyaniline‐functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes: An efficient and recyclable catalyst for synthesis of unsymmetric sulfides using potassium ethyl xanthogenate in water
Authors: Hajipour Abdol R. , Jajarmi Saeideh , Khorsandi Zahra
Published: January 2017

A new and powerful polyaniline‐functionalized carbon nanotube‐supported copper(II) nanoparticle catalyst was successfully prepared and evaluated as a heterogeneous catalyst for the one‐pot synthesis of unsymmetric thioethers by coupling of aryl, alkyl and benzyl halides using potassium ethyl xanthogenate as source of sulfur in water. All of these reactions gave the desired products in good to excellent yields. The catalyst is available, air‐stable and can be reused several times without significant loss in its catalytic activity.
Self‐crosslinkable epoxidized natural rubber–silica hybrids
Authors: Xu Tiwen , Jia Zhixin , Wang Song , Chen Yongjun , Luo Yuanfang , Jia Demin , Peng Zheng
Published: December 2016

Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR)–silica hybrids without any other additives were prepared by an open‐mill mixing method at room temperature. The curing characteristics, crosslinking density, mechanical properties, and dynamical mechanical properties were investigated. The results indicate that the ENR–silica hybrid materials could be cured with silica as a crosslinking and reinforcing agent. Attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and solid‐state13C‐NMR spectroscopy exposed the characteristics of the interfacial interaction in the hybrids and confirmed the existence of chemical bonds and hydrogen bonds between the epoxy group and SiOH. Scanning electron microscopy illustrated a good dispersion of silica in the ENR matrix. Meanwhile, the modulus at 100% elongation of the hybrid reached 9.64 MPa when 100‐phr silica was loaded; a similar trend was observed for the hardness. Finally, our findings might extend the concept of rubber curing and open a new space for making an environmentally friendly rubber composite. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2017,134, 44605.
A Redox‐anchoring Approach to Well‐dispersed MoCx/C Nanocomposite for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhou Yajun , Zhang Lingxia , Huang Weimin , Wang Min , Chen Lisong , Cui Xiangzhi , Zhang Xiaohua , Shi Jianlin
Published: December 2016

Here we report a redox‐anchoring strategy for synthesizing a non‐noble metal carbide (MoCx) nanocomposite electrocatalyst for water electrolysis in acidic media, using glucose and ammonium heptamolybdate as carbon and Mo precursors, respectively, without the need of gaseous carbon sources such as CH4. Specifically, the aldehyde groups of glucose are capable of reducing Mo6+ to Mo4+ (MoO2), and thus molybdenum species can be well anchored by a redox reaction onto a carbon matrix to prevent the aggregation of MoCx nanoparticles during the following carbonization process. The morphology and chemical composition of the electrocatalysts were well characterized by BSE‐SEM, TEM, XRD and XPS. The obtained MoCx−2 sample showed a reasonably high hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity and excellent stability in an acidic electrolyte, and its overpotential required for a current density output of 20 mA cm−2 is as low as 193 mV. Such a prominent performance is ascribed to the excellent dispersity and nano‐size, and the large reactive surface area of MoCx particles. This work may open a new way to the design and fabrication of other non‐noble metal carbide nanocatalysts for various electrochemical applications.