bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lay Public View of Neuroscience and Science-Based Brain Health Recommendations in Slovenia
Authors: Tomat Nastja , Perovnik Matej , Vidmar Gaj , van Midden Vesna , Fabjan Sara , Hawlina Hana , Trol Dolores , Holnthaner Alina , Krajnc Sebastijan , Grešak Maruša , Žerdin Liza , Vidmar Judita , Bresjanac Mara
Published: July 2021

Background:Brain health is one of the cornerstones of a long and full life. Active care for brain health and reduction of lifestyle-related risks for brain disorders may be a key strategy in tackling the growing prevalence of mental and neurological illnesses. Public knowledge, perception, and preventive behavior need to be considered in the planning of effective strategies for brain health promotion. Our research is the first effort aimed at assessing Slovenian lay public knowledge, search and use of scientific information about the brain, and care for brain health.

Methods:An online survey was used to gather data for descriptive and associative statistical analyses of a sample of the Slovenian public (n= 2568) in August 2017. Participants with formal brain-related education were excluded, leaving the remaining sample of the lay public (n= 1012). Demographic characteristics and information regarding the perceived importance and knowledge of brain health and engagement in preventive behaviors of participants were collected, and key associative analyses were carried out.

Results:The majority of respondents (89%) considered brain health to be important. Over one-third (39%) considered their knowledge of the brain as sufficient relative to their needs. Most of the respondents identified science-recommended practices to be important for brain health. No recommendation was followed daily by the majority of the respondents, primarily due to declared lack of time (59%), and lack of information (32%). Information was obtained primarily from television (38%), followed by newspapers and magazines (31%), the Internet (31%), and direct conversations (27%). However, the highest-rated, preferred source of information was lectured by experts. One-third of our sample struggled with the trustworthiness of information sources. Female gender and older age were associated with a higher frequency of healthy practices. Personal or familial diagnoses of brain disorders were not associated with a higher frequency of the behavior in favor of brain health, but did affect available time and perceived value of preventive practices.

Conclusions:Our research provides an initial insight into the perceptions, knowledge, and brain health-promoting behavior of the Slovenian lay public. Our findings can inform future strategies for science communication, public education and engagement, and policy-making to improve lifelong active care for brain health.
Is Health Contagious?—Based on Empirical Evidence From China Family Panel Studies' Data
Authors: Hu Feng , Shi Xiaojiao , Wang Haiyan , Nan Nan , Wang Kui , Wei Shaobin , Li Zhao , Jiang Shanshan , Hu Hao , Zhao Shuang
Published: July 2021

This study empirically analysed the contagion of health using data from China Family Panel Studies. We first controlled variables related to health behaviour, medical conditions, individual characteristics, household characteristics, group characteristics, and prefecture/county characteristics and then employed multiple methods for estimation. The estimates showed that the average health level of others in the community had a significant positive effect on individual self-rated health—health was contagious. The measurement results remained robust after the endogeneity of the core explanatory variables was controlled using two-stage least squares. Furthermore, by analysing the heterogeneity of health contagion, we found that the contagion effect of health varied with the level of medical care, household affiliation, gender, rural/urban areas, and age groups. The contagion effect of health was more pronounced in the elderly population and the rural areas of the central region, where the level of medical care is relatively low, whereas it did not differ significantly between genders. Finally, the learning or imitation mechanism and social interaction mechanism of health contagion were examined.
FMI-Based Multi-Domain Simulation for an Aero-Engine Control System
Authors: Fang Juan , Luo Maochun , Wang Jiqiang , Hu Zhongzhi
Published: July 2021

The simulation of an aero-engine control system involves numerous disciplines due to its complex functions and architecture, which generally consist of mechanical, hydraulic and electrical, and electronic systems. For each discipline, the modeling and simulation are usually dependent on different commercial software and tools, which makes the simulation, integration, and verification of system-level models very difficult. To meet this challenge, a multi-domain co-simulation method based on the Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI) standard is proposed to integrate models developed by different software or tools. The simulation and testing results demonstrate that multi-disciplinary model integration and cross-platform simulation based on the FMI standard can be realized for an aero-engine control system, which lays a foundation for high-fidelity control system design, simulation, integration, and testing.
Design and Implementation of the Solar Field and Thermal Storage System Controllers for a Parabolic Trough Solar Power Plant
Authors: Al-Maliki Wisam Abed Kattea , Mahmoud Nabeel Sameer , Al-Khafaji Hussein M. H. , Alobaid Falah , Epple Bernd
Published: July 2021

Dynamic simulation provides an efficient approach for improving the efficiency of parabolic trough power plants and control circuits. In the dynamic simulation, the possibilities and operating conditions of the plant are evaluated regarding materials, processes, emissions, or economics. Several studies related to the dynamic simulation of the parabolic trough technology are summarised and discussed in this work. This study is the first research that presents a thorough description of the advanced control circuits used in the solar field and thermal storage system of a parabolic trough power plant. This power plant was implemented using advanced process simulation software (APROS). The dynamic model was built based on the real specifications of the power plant.
Measurement of the Adipose Stem Cells Cell Sheets Transmittance
Authors: Ochiai Jun , Niihara Yutaka , Oliva Joan
Published: July 2021

In the field of cell therapy, the interest in cell sheet technology is increasing. To determine the cell sheet harvesting time requires experience and practice, and different factors could change the harvesting time (variability among donors and culture media, between cell culture dishes, initial cell seeding density). We have developed a device that can measure the transmittance of the multilayer cell sheets, using a light emitting diode and a light detector, to estimate the harvesting time. The transmittance of the adipose stromal cells cell sheets (ASCCS) was measured every other day as soon as the cells were confluent, up to 12 days. The ASCCS, from three different initial seeding densities, were harvested at 8, 10, and 12 days after seeding. Real-time PCR and immunostaining confirmed the expression of specific cell markers (CD29, CD73, CD90, CD105, HLA-A, HLA-DR), but less than the isolated adipose stromal cells. The number of cells per cell sheets, the average thickness per cell sheet, and the corresponding transmittance showed no correlation. Decrease of the transmittance seems to be correlated with the cell sheet maturation. For the first time, we are reporting the success development of a device to estimate ASCCS harvesting time based on their transmittance.
No Evidence for Seed Transmission of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Sardinia Virus in Tomato
Authors: Tabein Saeid , Miozzi Laura , Matić Slavica , Accotto Gian Paolo , Noris Emanuela
Published: July 2021

Seed transmission is an important factor in the epidemiology of plant pathogens. Geminiviruses are serious pests spread in tropical and subtropical regions. They are transmitted by hemipteran insects, but a few cases of transmission through seeds were recently reported. Here, we investigated the tomato seed transmissibility of the begomovirus tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV), one of the agents inducing the tomato yellow leaf curl disease, heavily affecting tomato crops in the Mediterranean area. None of the 180 seedlings originating from TYLCSV-infected plants showed any phenotypic alteration typical of virus infection. Moreover, whole viral genomic molecules could not be detected in their cotyledons and true leaves, neither by membrane hybridization nor by rolling-circle amplification followed by PCR, indicating that TYLCSV is not a seed-transmissible pathogen for tomato. Examining the localization of TYLCSV DNA in progenitor plants, we detected the virus genome by PCR in all vegetative and reproductive tissues, but viral genomic and replicative forms were found only in leaves, flowers and fruit flesh, not in seeds and embryos. Closer investigations allowed us to discover for the first time that these embryos were superficially contaminated by TYLCSV DNA but whole genomic molecules were not detectable. Therefore, the inability of TYLCSV genomic molecules to colonize tomato embryos during infection justifies the lack of seed transmissibility observed in this host.
Leftover Kiwi Fruit Peel-Derived Carbon Dots as a Highly Selective Fluorescent Sensor for Detection of Ferric Ion
Authors: Atchudan Raji , Edison Thomas Nesakumar Jebakumar Immanuel , Perumal Suguna , Vinodh Rajangam , Sundramoorthy Ashok K. , Babu Rajendran Suresh , Lee Yong Rok
Published: July 2021

Recently, the use of natural products for the synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) has received much attention. Herein, leftover kiwi (Actinidia Deliciosa) fruit peels were successfully turned into beneficial fluorescent carbon dots (KN-CDs) via the hydrothermal-carbonization route. KN-CDs 1 and KN-CDs 2 were prepared without and with ammonium hydroxide, respectively. KN-CDs 1 and KN-CDs 2 were systematically characterized by various analytical techniques. Synthesized KN-CDs showed spherical-shaped morphology with narrow size distribution and excellent optical properties with excitation-independent behaviors. The quantum yields of KN-CDs 1 and KN-CDs 2 were calculated as 14 and 19%, respectively. Additionally, the KN-CDs possess excellent prolonging and photostability. Because of the excellent optical properties of KN-CDs, they were utilized as fluorescent sensors. The strong fluorescence of the KN-CDs was selectively quenched by Fe3+ ion, and quenching behavior showed a linear correlation with the concentrations of Fe3+ ion. KN-CDs 1 and KN-CDs 2 showed the detection of Fe3+ ions within the concentration range of 5–25 µM with the detection limit of 0.95 and 0.85 µM, respectively. Based on the turn-off sensing by the detection of Fe3+ ions, KN-CDs would be a promising candidate as a selective and sensitive fluorescent sensor.
Impact of Covid-19 on the Visit of Pediatric Patients with Injuries to the Emergency Department in Korea
Authors: Choi Arum , Bae Woori , Kim Kyunghoon , Kim Sukil
Published: July 2021

The total number of pediatric emergency department (PED) visitors has decreased worldwide since the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. We hypothesized that this might also affect the number of PED visits due to injuries. Therefore, we investigated these changes in PED visits after the COVID-19 outbreak through a long-term multicenter observational study. We assessed the changes in the proportion of injured pediatric patients’ weekly visits and the trend in the rate changes since the COVID-19 epidemic began by segmented regression analysis. We also evaluated the weekly change in the distribution of detailed diagnostic codes among pediatric patients with injuries before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The proportion of injury-related PED visits increased when COVID-19 was first confirmed in Korea. After the COVID-19 epidemic, the proportion of foreign body ingestions and fracture patients among all pediatric patients with injuries increased significantly every week. The changes in the proportion of injured pediatric patients after the COVID-19 outbreak may have been the result of social distancing to prevent the spread of the virus. The risk of pediatric infections decreased but the risk of injury remained. Therefore, parents should take precautions to prevent infectious diseases and be careful to prevent children’s injuries at home.
Low Body Mass Index Levels and Idiopathic Scoliosis in Korean Children: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jeon Kyoung-kyu , Kim Dong-il
Published: July 2021

Background: The prevalence of idiopathic scoliosis is rapidly increasing in Korean children, but research on the disorder is limited compared to that in other countries. Accordingly, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between idiopathic scoliosis and body mass index (BMI) levels in Korean children. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled elementary school students and middle school first graders in the Capital Area in Korea. The participants underwent body composition measurements and screening for idiopathic scoliosis. Idiopathic scoliosis was defined as a Cobb angle of ≥10°. The students were classified into three groups—the severely underweight (SUW: BMI < 16 kg/m2) group, the underweight group (UW: 16 ≤ BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), and the normal weight group (NW: 18.5 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2) to compare the risk of idiopathic scoliosis across BMI levels. Results: The final cohort comprised 1375 participants. The odds ratio (OR) of idiopathic scoliosis was 0.69 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.50–0.94) and 0.66 (95% CI: 0.49–0.89) for the UW and the NW groups, respectively, with the SUW group as the reference. This shows that the risk decreased significantly by 31% and 34% in the UW and the NW groups, respectively. After controlling for age and sex, the corresponding ORs were 0.72 (95% CI: 0.52–0.98) and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.51–0.96), and the risk significantly decreased by 28% and 30% in the UW and the NW groups, respectively. Conclusions: Low body weight is closely associated with spinal deformity and idiopathic scoliosis.
Benchmarking Analysis of the Accuracy of Classification Methods Related to Entropy
Authors: Orenes Yolanda , Rabasa Alejandro , Rodriguez-Sala Jesus Javier , Sanchez-Soriano Joaquin
Published: July 2021

In the machine learning literature we can find numerous methods to solve classification problems. We propose two new performance measures to analyze such methods. These measures are defined by using the concept of proportional reduction of classification error with respect to three benchmark classifiers, the random and two intuitive classifiers which are based on how a non-expert person could realize classification simply by applying a frequentist approach. We show that these three simple methods are closely related to different aspects of the entropy of the dataset. Therefore, these measures account somewhat for entropy in the dataset when evaluating the performance of classifiers. This allows us to measure the improvement in the classification results compared to simple methods, and at the same time how entropy affects classification capacity. To illustrate how these new performance measures can be used to analyze classifiers taking into account the entropy of the dataset, we carry out an intensive experiment in which we use the well-known J48 algorithm, and a UCI repository dataset on which we have previously selected a subset of the most relevant attributes. Then we carry out an extensive experiment in which we consider four heuristic classifiers, and 11 datasets.
Opening Up Transactive Systems: Introducing TESS and Specification in a Field Deployment
Authors: Arlt Marie-Louise , Chassin David P. , Kiesling L. Lynne
Published: July 2021

Transactive energy systems (TS) use automated device bidding to access (residential) demand flexibility and coordinate supply and demand on the distribution system level through market processes. In this work, we present TESS, a modularized platform for the implementation of TS, which enables the deployment of adjusted market mechanisms, economic bidding, and the potential entry of third parties. TESS thereby opens up current integrated closed-system TS, allows for the better adaptation of TS to power systems with high shares of renewable energies, and lays the foundations for a smart grid with a variety of stakeholders. Furthermore, despite positive experiences in various pilot projects, one hurdle in introducing TS is their integration with existing tariff structures and (legal) requirements. In this paper, we therefore describe TESS as we have modified it for a field implementation within the service territory of Holy Cross Energy in Colorado. Importantly, our specification addresses challenges of implementing TS in existing electric retail systems, for instance, the design of bidding strategies when a (non-transactive) tariff system is already in place. We conclude with a general discussion of the challenges associated with “brownfield” implementation of TS, such as incentive problems of baseline approaches or long-term efficiency.
Decentralized Optimal Control for Photovoltaic Systems Using Prediction in the Distribution Systems
Authors: Phan-Tan Chi-Thang , Hill Martin
Published: July 2021

The high penetration of photovoltaic (PV) systems and fast communications networks increase the potential for PV inverters to support the stability and performance of microgrids. PV inverters in the distribution network can work cooperatively and follow centralized and decentralized control commands to optimize energy production while meeting grid code requirements. However, there are older autonomous inverters that have already been installed and will operate in the same network as smart controllable ones. This paper proposes a decentralized optimal control (DOC) that performs multi-objective optimization for a group of PV inverters in a network of existing residential loads and autonomous inverters. The interaction of independent DOC groups in the same network is considered. The limit of PV inverter power factor is included in the control. The DOC is done by the power flow calculation and an autoregression prediction model for estimating maximum power point and loads. Overvoltage caused by prediction errors resulting in non-optimal commands from the DOC is avoided by switching to autonomous droop control (ADC). The DOC and ADC operate at different time scales to take account of communication delays between PV inverters and decentralized controller. The simulation of different scenarios of network control has proved the effectiveness of the control strategies.
Taste Responses to Chocolate Pudding with Different Sucrose Concentrations through Physiological and Explicit Self-Reported Measures
Authors: Martinez-Levy Ana C. , Moneta Elisabetta , Rossi Dario , Trettel Arianna , Peparaio Marina , Saggia Civitelli Eleonora , Di Flumeri Gianluca , Cherubino Patrizia , Babiloni Fabio , Sinesio Fiorella
Published: July 2021

The past few decades have seen significant methodological and theoretical change within sensory science, including in food sciences. The physiological reaction to the Autonomous Nervous System (ANS) provides insightful information in interpreting consumers’ sensory and affective reactions. In this regard, we investigated how explicit responses of liking and perceived intensity of sensory features (sweet, bitter, and astringency) and implicit objective physiological responses of Heart Rate (HR) and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) are modulated when varying the sweetness (sucrose concentration with 38; 83; 119; 233 g/kg) level in a cocoa-based product (dark chocolate pudding) and their relationship. The demographic effects on responses were also investigated. Results showed the effects of the sucrose concentration levels on liking and perceived intensity of all the sensory characteristics and on HR responses, which highlighted a significant effect of the sucrose concentration level. As regards the relationship between variables, a significant positive effect was found for the sucrose concentration level 3, where an increase in HR leads to an increase in liking; for the perceived bitterness, a significant positive effect of HR for the sucrose concentration level 1; and for the perceived astringent, a significant positive effect of HR for the sucrose concentration level 2. While we found no significant main effect of gender on our dependent variables, the results highlight a significant main effect of age, increasing the adult population responses. The present research helps to understand better the relationship between explicit and implicit sensory study variables with foods. Furthermore, it has managerial applications for chocolate product developers. The level of sweetness that might be optimal to satisfy at the explicit level (liking) and the implicit level (HR or emotional valence) is identified.
Alginate-Assisted Lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus) Essential Oil Dispersions for Antifungal Activity
Authors: Cofelice Martina , Cinelli Giuseppe , Lopez Francesco , Di Renzo Tiziana , Coppola Raffaele , Reale Anna
Published: July 2021

The use of natural compounds as food preservatives is becoming increasingly popular as it is perceived positively by consumers. Among these substances, essential oils have attracted great interest owing to their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. However, several challenges impair the use of essential oils in food products, such as their degradation or loss during food processing and storage, the strong aroma, even at low concentrations, which may negatively affect the sensory characteristics of food. In this context, the development of nanoformulations able to stabilize essential oils may represent a smart solution to this issue. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of alginate-based nanoformulations enriched with lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus) essential oil (LEO) and Tween 80 against several fungi namely Penicillium expansus, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus spp. Firstly, the flow behavior of systems at different concentrations of alginate (1%, 2% and 3% w/w) were studied. Then, emulsion-based nanoformulations at different concentrations of lemongrass essential oil in the range of 0–2% w/w were stabilized by a fixed amount of Tween 80, characterized and tested for their antifungal activity. Our results showed that the best nanoformulation able to inhibit Rhizopus spp., Penicillium expansum and Aspergillus niger, for at least 10 days, was constituted by 1% alginate/1.5% LEO/1% Tween 80. Hence, the incorporation of essential oil into nanoformulation systems may represent a valid alternative to overcome the disadvantages that limit the commercial application of essential oils.
A User-Driven Approach to Prosthetic Upper Limb Development in Korea
Authors: Ju Naan , Lee Kyu-Hye , Kim Myoung-Ok , Choi Youngjin
Published: July 2021

Despite recent significant advances in technology and medicine, the number of patients who undergo amputation of body parts for various reasons continues to increase. Assistive devices such as prosthetic arms can enable limited activities in upper limb amputees and improve their quality of life. This study aims to help in the development of user-centered prosthetics by identifying user requirements and key considerations during selection of prosthetics. This study conducted a questionnaire survey after obtaining prior consent for persons with disabilities with upper limb amputation who visited orthosis companies, rehabilitation centers for the disabled, veteran’s hospitals, and labor welfare corporations. A modified questionnaire was conducted to upper limb prosthetic users and results were analysed using descriptive statistics and t-test. Results of the study showed that the main reasons for discontinuing the use of prosthetics were discomfort (discomfort in wear, weight, and difficulty of detachment) and complaints regarding design and function. Regardless of the prosthesis type, the color and design of the prosthesis were key considerations in prosthesis choices. Respondents indicated that they needed various prostheses designed according to the purpose and situation, such as for sports like golf and cycling as well as everyday use. Most of the respondents answered that buttoning shirts, tying knots, and using chopsticks were challenging or impossible to do on their own. Based on the results of this study, the quality of life of upper limb amputees can be improved if a prosthetic arm with various functions that can satisfy both the user’s needs and wants is developed.
Perturbation of the Actin Cytoskeleton in Human Hepatoma Cells Influences Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Signaling, but Not Soluble IL-6 Receptor Generation or NF-κB Activation
Authors: Georgieva Elizabeta , Leber Stefan L. , Wex Cora , Garbers Christoph
Published: July 2021

The transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is critically involved in inflammation and cancer development. Activation of NF-κB induces the expression and release of several pro-inflammatory proteins, which include the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). Perturbation of the actin cytoskeleton has been previously shown to activate NF-κB signaling. In this study, we analyze the influence of different compounds that modulate the actin cytoskeleton on NF-κB activation, IL-6 signaling and the proteolytic generation of the soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) in human hepatoma cells. We show that perturbation of the actin cytoskeleton is not sufficient to induce NF-κB activation and IL-6 secretion. However, perturbation of the actin cytoskeleton reduces IL-6-induced activation of the transcription factor STAT3 in Hep3B cells. In contrast, IL-6R proteolysis by the metalloprotease ADAM10 did not depend upon the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton. In summary, we uncover a previously unknown function of the actin cytoskeleton in IL-6-mediated signal transduction in Hep3B cells.
Use of Sediqualsoft® to Determine the Toxicity of Cigarette Butts to Marine Species: A Weather Simulation Test
Authors: Piccardo Manuela , Provenza Francesca , Anselmi Serena , Broccoli Andrea , Terlizzi Antonio , Renzi Monia
Published: July 2021

Cigarette butts (CBs) are among the dominant constituents of marine and beach litter. Few studies have been conducted, and the environmental effects of CBs on marine species are still poorly understood. This study aims to evaluate the ecotoxicological effects on marine organisms of both classic and electronic CBs. Three representative species of different trophic levels in marine ecosystems (Aliivibrio fischeri, bacteria; Phaeodactylum tricornutum, algae, primary producers; Paracentrotus lividus, echinoderms, consumers) were tested. The effects of natural ageing of CBs due to exposure to atmospheric conditions (natural sunlight vs. simulated rain) and for different times (1 vs. 2 weeks) were evaluated. The results were weighted together to obtain a synthetic hazard level to the environment (Class of Hazard) from Sediqualsoft®. Classic CBs (CCBs) performed the worst and posed a mild to moderate risk compared to electronic CBs (absent Class of Hazard). Smoked classic CBs posed a higher environmental risk than unsmoked. The highest risk was produced by classic CBs after one week of exposure in dry weather. Echinoderms and the body size reduction in normo-formed (72 h) plutei were shown to be the more sensitive organism and endpoint, respectively. We recommend the use of Sediqualsoft® software for risk assessment studies of sediments contaminated with contaminants of various types, especially in conjunction with a weight of evidence approach (WOE).
Analysis of the Relationship between GM and IMO Intact Stability Parameters to Propose Simple Evaluation Methodology
Authors: Woo Donghan , Choe Hun , Im Nam-Kyun
Published: July 2021

Securing a ship’s safe stability is essential. Thus, monitoring the stability parameters of the IMO requirements is required to provide an alert about the risk of the safety of ships’ stability to the captain, officers, and the crew of a ship. However, calculating all ships’ intact stability parameters is complex without ship loading software or equipment. To evaluate ships’ intact stability parameters, a convenient methodology to simply calculate them is necessary as a supplementary method for ships in the absence of loading software or equipment. In the present study, the Simple Evaluation Methodology for Intact Stability (SEMIS) is proposed. SEMIS is introduced for simply evaluating the safety of ships’ stability according to GM. Based on the stability parameters of 336 loading conditions of 19 model ships, empirical formulas of SEMIS are derived. To verify the proposed methodology, the stability parameters of two model ships in 28 loading conditions are calculated using the proposed empirical formulas and the principal calculation methods, respectively, and then compared. The developed SEMIS efficiently evaluates the ships’ stability using only GM.
Turning Inside Out: Filamentous Fungal Secretion and Its Applications in Biotechnology, Agriculture, and the Clinic
Authors: Cairns Timothy C. , Zheng Xiaomei , Zheng Ping , Sun Jibin , Meyer Vera
Published: July 2021

Filamentous fungi are found in virtually every marine and terrestrial habitat. Vital to this success is their ability to secrete a diverse range of molecules, including hydrolytic enzymes, organic acids, and small molecular weight natural products. Industrial biotechnologists have successfully harnessed and re-engineered the secretory capacity of dozens of filamentous fungal species to make a diverse portfolio of useful molecules. The study of fungal secretion outside fermenters, e.g., during host infection or in mixed microbial communities, has also led to the development of novel and emerging technological breakthroughs, ranging from ultra-sensitive biosensors of fungal disease to the efficient bioremediation of polluted environments. In this review, we consider filamentous fungal secretion across multiple disciplinary boundaries (e.g., white, green, and red biotechnology) and product classes (protein, organic acid, and secondary metabolite). We summarize the mechanistic understanding for how various molecules are secreted and present numerous applications for extracellular products. Additionally, we discuss how the control of secretory pathways and the polar growth of filamentous hyphae can be utilized in diverse settings, including industrial biotechnology, agriculture, and the clinic.
Machine Learning in Finance: A Metadata-Based Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Warin Thierry , Stojkov Aleksandar
Published: July 2021

Machine learning in finance has been on the rise in the past decade. The applications of machine learning have become a promising methodological advancement. The paper’s central goal is to use a metadata-based systematic literature review to map the current state of neural networks and machine learning in the finance field. After collecting a large dataset comprised of 5053 documents, we conducted a computational systematic review of the academic finance literature intersected with neural network methodologies, with a limited focus on the documents’ metadata. The output is a meta-analysis of the two-decade evolution and the current state of academic inquiries into financial concepts. Researchers will benefit from a mapping resulting from computational-based methods such as graph theory and natural language processing.
A Compact Octa-Band Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna for Wireless Applications
Authors: Ghaffar Adnan , Awan Wahaj Abbas , Hussain Niamat , Li Xue-Jun
Published: July 2021

This paper presents the design and realization of a compact frequency reconfigurable antenna for multiband wireless applications. The antenna can operate at overall eight different bands in four dual-band modes. A slot in the radiator and defected ground structure are utilized to achieve a compact size, while PIN diodes are used for frequency reconfigurability in the proposed antenna. The antenna shows broad bandwidth in each operating frequency and has a compact size of 18 mm × 18 mm × 1.524 mm. Moreover, stable radiation patterns and a high value of efficiency make it a potential candidate for various wireless applications. Furthermore, to demonstrate the worth of this work, its performance is compared with state-of-the-art designs reported for similar applications.
Pediatric Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Three Years after PCV13 Introduction in the National Immunization Plan—The Continued Importance of Serotype 3
Authors: Silva-Costa Catarina , Gomes-Silva Joana , Prados Lúcia , Ramirez Mário , Melo-Cristino José ,   on behalf of the Portuguese Group for the Study of Streptococcal Infections,   the Portuguese Study Group of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease of the Pediatric Infectious Disease Society
Published: July 2021

The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines PCV7 and PCV13 led to decreases in incidence of pediatric invasive pneumococcal disease (pIPD) and changes in serotype distribution. We evaluated the consequences of higher vaccine uptake after the introduction of PCV13 in the National Immunization Plan (NIP) in 2015. Besides culture and conventional serotyping, the use of molecular methods to detect and serotype pneumococci in both pleural and cerebrospinal fluid samples contributed to 30% of all pIPD (n = 232) in 2015–2018. The most frequently detected serotypes were: 3 (n = 59, 26%), 10A (n = 17, 8%), 8 (n = 16, 7%) and 19A (n = 10, 4%). PCV13 serotypes still accounted for 46% of pIPD cases. Serotypes not included in any currently available conjugate vaccine (NVT) are becoming important causes of pIPD, with the increases in serotypes 8 and 33F being of particular concern given the importance of serotype 8 in adult IPD and the antimicrobial resistance of serotype 33F isolates. This study highlights the importance of using molecular methods in pIPD surveillance since these allowed a better case ascertainment and the identification of serotype 3 as the leading cause of pIPD. Even in a situation of vaccine uptake >95% for 3 years, PCV13 serotypes remain important causes of pIPD.
Functional Redundancy and Specialization of the Conserved Cold Shock Proteins in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Faßhauer Patrick , Busche Tobias , Kalinowski Jörn , Mäder Ulrike , Poehlein Anja , Daniel Rolf , Stülke Jörg
Published: July 2021

Many bacteria encode so-called cold shock proteins. These proteins are characterized by a conserved protein domain. Often, the bacteria have multiple cold shock proteins that are expressed either constitutively or at low temperatures. In the Gram-positive model bacterium Bacillussubtilis, two of three cold shock proteins, CspB and CspD, belong to the most abundant proteins suggesting a very important function. To get insights into the role of these highly abundant proteins, we analyzed the phenotypes of single and double mutants, tested the expression of the csp genes and the impact of CspB and CspD on global gene expression in B. subtilis. We demonstrate that the simultaneous loss of both CspB and CspD results in a severe growth defect, in the loss of genetic competence, and the appearance of suppressor mutations. Overexpression of the third cold shock protein CspC could compensate for the loss of CspB and CspD. The transcriptome analysis revealed that the lack of CspB and CspD affects the expression of about 20% of all genes. In several cases, the lack of the cold shock proteins results in an increased read-through at transcription terminators suggesting that CspB and CspD might be involved in the control of transcription termination.
The Complexity of Lignin Thermal Degradation in the Isothermal Context
Authors: López-Beceiro Jorge , Díaz-Díaz Ana María , Álvarez-García Ana , Tarrío-Saavedra Javier , Naya Salvador , Artiaga Ramón
Published: July 2021

Thermal degradation of lignin in nitrogen atmosphere is evaluated by linear heating and isothermal tests. While linear heating suggests that thermal decomposition in the 200–400 °C range mainly consists of a single step, a careful analysis of isothermal tests points to different lignin fractions having different stabilities. This is an important point for practical predictions, since kinetics obtained as if the degradations at different temperatures were the same would lack practical utility. Instead, stairway type tests are proposed to evaluate the degradation rates and sample quantities involved at the temperatures of interest.
Hamilton–Jacobi Homogenization and the Isospectral Problem
Authors: Zanelli Lorenzo
Published: July 2021

We consider the homogenization theory for Hamilton–Jacobi equations on the one-dimensional flat torus in connection to the isospectrality problem of Schrödinger operators. In particular, we link the equivalence of effective Hamiltonians provided by the weak KAM theory with the class of the corresponding operators exhibiting the same spectrum.
The Role of the Curator in the Professional Self-Determination of First-Year Students of the University in the Humanitarian Areas of Training
Authors:   National Research Nizhny Novgorod State University named after N.I. Lobachevsky (Arzamas branch of the UNN, Bizeleva Anna A.
Published: July 2021

The article reveals the role of university curators in the professional self-determination of first-year students in humanitarian areas of training. The concept of “professional self determination” is being clarified. Possible directions of professional orientation work with students are indicated. The relevance of the topic of obtaining a humanitarian education in society is substantiated, the reasons for the emergence in society of the need for professions of a social and humanitarian orientation are indicated. The works of research scientists studying the areas of professional self-determination are analyzed. The dynamics of personal changes that occur with firstyear students as a result of their professional orientation are analyzed. The meaning and tasks of curatorial work are presented, as well as problems that university curators may face today: possible mistakes of the curator in working with first-year students, namely lack of experience, lack of conscientiousness, incompetence. The main directions of the curator's work with first-year students are revealed. The directions of activity of the university curators in conjunction with the psychological and pedagogical service are proposed. The conditions for the successful implementation of the curator's activities with students in the direction of professional self-determination, such as planning, organization, control, motivation, are noted.
Why Quantum Art was born
Authors: Denti Roberto
Published: July 2021

This is the story of my thought and my artistic activity from the early 70s of the last century, until the publication of the Manifesto of Quantum Art. In this paper I retrace my ideals as a young dreamer of a different world and how these were expressed through the use of the camera and the darkroom. My innovative ideas have found space in the creation of photographic works and photo sculptures, in the publication of the Manifesto of “Photography and Substantial Art” which have been a prelude to my human, artistic and professional growth. All this background is the basis of the Manifesto of Quantum Art published in 2008 and now on display at the Verghiano Imaginary Museum in Vizzini, Catania, Italy.
Children's immersive theater in the party practices of the museum
Authors: Dmitrieva L.V.
Published: July 2021

The publication was prepared on the basis of practical experience with the children's audience of the museum. Approaches and principles of immersive theater are considered, which are the basis for designing an interactive excursion-performance as a form of mastering the historical landscape through partisan cultural practices. The proposed project is the basic part of the program of summer visiting practice of students of the “Cultural Education” profile in the museum-reserve “Tauric Chersonesos” (2017–2019).
State-legal relations between the state and the individual
Authors: Ponkin I.V.
Published: July 2021

About the scientifically unsound essay of Associate Professor N.V. Butusova on the “proletarian understanding of freedom of conscience” as relevant in the modern Russian state. Review of the monograph by N.V. Butusova “State and legal relations between the state and the individual” (M., 2019).
Research on the features of the application of digital technologies in modern culture
Authors: Kiseleva Aleksandra Andreevna
Published: July 2021

The article shows that in the modern era, digital technologies penetrate all areas of material and spiritual culture, helping to preserve the cultural heritage for future generations. The prospects for the use of digital technologies in culture are very wide. This is primarily museum activity and digitization of cultural heritage, where the prospects for the use of digital technologies are mainly related to the phenomenon of information preservation. The problems that arise in this regard are demonstrated.
Periodic medical examinations of workers in hazardous working conditions
Authors: Babanov S.A.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the problems of the period during preliminary and medical examinations of workers in hazardous working conditions. The historical aspects of the formation of a medical regulatory framework in the field of preliminary and periodic medical examinations, measures, measures to improve the quality of examinations are discussed.
Providing employees with personal protective equipment: basic requirements and common violations
Authors: Porochkin D.B.
Published: July 2021

The article sets out the requirements for providing employees with personal protective equipment, and provides examples of the most common violations. The court proceedings on violation of provision with personal protective equipment are considered, and the expert's comments on elimination of such violations are given.
Pathogenetic features and a personalized approach to diagnosis in occupational respiratory diseases
Authors: Babanov S.A. , Budash D. S.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the definition and discussion of the concept of a unified "dust lung disease" proposed by Professor V. V. Kosarev, and a personalized approach to diagnosis and prognosis of occupational respiratory diseases in industrial workers, taking into account spirographic, echocardiographic and immunological studies.
O USO DA ELETROESTIMULAÇÃO NEUROMUSCULAR (EENM) EM EXTENSORES DE COTOVELO NO TRATAMENTO COADJUVANTE DE PACIENTE HEMIPARÉTICO COM ESPASTICIDADE (ESTUDO DE CASO)
Authors: Cardoso Davi Valois
Published: July 2021

O presente estudo de caso teve como objetivo mensurar, em um único paciente, a diminuição da espasticidade, o aumento da amplitude de movimento ativa para extensão de cotovelo e a aplicação funcional destes resultados. Para tanto foram utilizadas, respectivamente, aplicação da escala Ashworth modificada, mensuração goniométrica e aplicação da escala Fugl-Meyer. A pesquisa foi realizada com um paciente hemiparético com espasticidade e postura hipertônica de flexão de cotovelo no membro superior atendido a domicílio por um dos autores. O participante foi submetido à aplicação da EENM em 10 sessões de 20 minutos cada, na musculatura antagonista à espástica (tríceps braquial) sempre antecedendo os atendimentos em fisioterapia neurológica convencional. Os parâmetros utilizados para aplicação foram: largura de pulso de 240ms, tempo de sustentação de contração em 5s (on), tempo de relaxamento em 10s (off), freqüência de pulso em 60 Hz e intensidade suficiente para realização de contração muscular visível e adequada à tolerância do paciente. Os resultados observados foram o aumento médio da ADM ativa para extensão de cotovelo em 29,0º (17,6%) com 5% de nível de significância (p-valor= 0,0025) e diminuição do tônus muscular do membro superior no momento após a cessação da aplicação seguindo a classificação categórica da escala Ashworth modificada (p-valor=0,002). Os valores observados variaram de acordo com as interferências emocionais de cada sessão. O recurso mencionado mostrou-se eficaz no tratamento coadjuvante deste paciente, pois, a adequação do tônus e a melhora da movimentação ativa do membro superior, facilitaram a terapêutica conseguinte melhorando a funcionalidade do mesmo.
Determination of Titanium in Zinc ash by FAAS After Digested using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction
Authors: KURŞUN Fatma , DAĞCI Buse , ÖZCAN Cemile
Published: July 2021

In this study, it is aimed to determine the amount of Ti (titanium) in waste ash samples taken from galvanizing factories by using flame atomic absorption (FAAS). Various time periods and different solvent mixtures were examined by using ultrasound-assisted extraction for digestion of zinch ash which taken from various processes of galvanizing metal sheet or pipe. The best solvent mixtures for Ti metal in galvanized waste was found HCl:HNO3:H2O2 (1:3:2) > HCl > HNO3:HCl (1:3) > HNO3 > HNO3:H2SO4 (3:1) > HNO3:H2SO4 (1:1) > HNO3:H2SO4 (3:2) > HNO3:H2SO4 (2:1), respectively.
Development of the Remote Heart Health Monitoring System
Authors: Boreiko Maksym , Budnyk Mykola
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death worldwide. This problem is especially relevant for Ukraine, where CVD accounts for more than 68% of all deaths. At the same time, in terms of population mortality rate (15.3 ‰), Ukraine is ahead of all European countries.
Electrocardiography is the most useful diagnostic tools. Nowadays a lot of portable ECG devices are available on the market, which makes ECG accessible for each patient directly from home.
Remote monitoring of patients with CVD is a very necessary solution, which can save patient’s lives, doctor’s time and hospital’s money.
Existing remote monitoring solution doesn’t provide enough cyber security and scalability, especially in the context of tight regulation of medical software in the European Union.
The purpose of the article is to develop a cloud-based software solution for remote monitoring of patients with CVD using a portable ECG device.
We propose the full architecture, which include server-side components (databases, computational resources, gateways, queus, load balancers and others) and client-side components (mobile app for the Android and iOS and web browser app).
Results. We proposed, designed, implemented and tested the full end-to-end Cloud-based solution for remote monitoring of patients with CVD. Security of the system is ensured by dividing the single database to three separate databases (database with patient’s data, database with ECG data and mapping database), hiding all server components under the virtual private network, and transferring data via secure HTTPS connection.
Conclusions. Developed system successfully solve their goals. It is being used now in the Finnish company Cardiolyse. Keywords: telemedicine, client-server, medical devices, electrocardiography, cybersecurity, heart rate variability