bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐5.5: A solution for color coordinate shift of high‐end display
Authors: Chen Xin , Liu Lei , Diao Kai , Hou Qingna , Liu Jie , Fang Tao , Fan Wenli , Yu Hui , Liu Chengkun , Chen Xin
Published: August 2021

In order to meet the technical requirements of high contrast, dual cell products often need to be equipped with high brightness backlight. The brightness can reach 1000nit or even higher, which is easy to exceed the working range of liquid crystal materials. As a result, the characteristics of liquid crystal, such as color coordinates and color temperature, are affected. In this paper, the problem of color coordinate and color temperature drift ofmulti screen display at high temperature is studied, and a scheme to keep color coordinate and color temperature stable is proposed. Specifically, a temperature sensor is designed on the module to extract the temperature relationship between the position of the temperature sensor and the center of the display screen, so as to accurately send the temperature of the center of the display screen back to the controller in real time. The controller will store the RGB brightness data of the color coordinates of the six temperature segments to the target value in advance, and then generate countless groups ofcontinuous tables through the algorithm according to the characteristic relationship between the data of the six temperature segments, so that the controller can output the RGB tables correspondingto the whole temperature segment so as to realize the stability of color coordinates and color temperature. The results show that: after importing this scheme, the color coordinates deviate from the target value(Wx/Wy=0.313/0.329)from 0.014/0.022(Wx/Wy=0.327/0.351) to 0.0025/0.0032(Wx/Wy=0.3105/0.3322) and the stable color coordinate shift value (the rate of change after stabilization) from the original 0.02/0.009 to 0.004/0.0029 or even lower.
P‐5.7: Research on Influencing Factors of Eye Diagram Based on Large‐size 8K 120Hz Products
Authors: Li Ruilian , Nie Chunyang , Yan Bingbing , Yang Kun , Hu Shenghua , Dai Ke , Liao Yanping , Li Chengmin , Wang Zhangtao , Shao Xibin
Published: August 2021

Due to the high signal transmission rate, large amount of data and long transmission path, the signal attenuation of TV large‐size 8K 120Hz products is serious. In order to improve the signal quality of the differential pair, we have studied the effects of differential line width, line spacing, and GND connection on the Eye diagram. The research results will provide a basis for other product designs.
P‐6.12: Simulation and Analysis of Temperature Distribution and Reduction for LCM based on ANSYS
Authors: Sun Yaxin , Zhong Peng , Sun Lingyu , Zhao Chaoyue , Liang Fei , Hou Tingxiu , Du Jingjun
Published: August 2021

In this paper, based on ANSYS Workbench steady‐state thermal analysis, the results of temperature distribution of LCM (liquid crystal module) both under 22 °C and 75 °C are obtained. According to the simulation results: the maximum temperature with the LCM is about 40 °C, while the largest is 80 °C approximately if the ambient is 75 °C. In order to reduce the highest temperature for LCM, this paper decided to analysis the effect of heat conducting chip (HCC) and the cooling effect of ways for HCC attached to the back cover is also analyzed. For HCC is fully covered back cover, the largest temperature declined to around 77 °C and 38.9 °C respectively. And if the edge of HCC is 10‐mm width, the temperature also decreased by 2 °C, which is almost the same as HCC full attachment to back cover.
P‐11.3: Flexible Cover Window with Colorless Polyimide Hard Coating Thin Film for Foldable Displays
Authors: Chang Chih-Li , Zhu Wei-Guang , Lin Sheng-Hsun
Published: August 2021

The active‐matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) folding display can easily realize the inner folding, outer folding, and curling the display. After folding or curling the display, in addition to greatly minimize the display size of the smart phone, the folding display can also achieve future technical trends such as smart tablet‐phone and laptop‐phone after unfolding display. With the increase in the market share of foldable display in the consumer electronics market, we all think foldable display application will rapidly expand to the industrial and automotive markets within three years. Therefore, the next generation of smart folding display will create the whole new experience of human life with powerful wireless hardware functions and diversity of software APP applied in a wider field.
P‐12.10: A Film Combination to Enhance the Transmittance and Improve the Color Shift of LCD
Authors: Wang Ning , Tong Jie , Xie Jianyun , Li Wei , Chen Yanqing , Li Yanfeng , Xin Haoyi , Wang Chenglong , Fang Yezhou
Published: August 2021

We fabricated a film combination which has a high transmittance in the perpendicular angle and no color shift in different viewing angles. We optimized the TFT film combination by using TFCal which is a film simulation software, and finally got a better film combination. There is destructive interference or constructive interference between the interfaces of composite films composed of different refractive index materials in TFT. This interference brings different transmittance and reflectivity for different wavelengths, which will change with the viewing angle, thus affecting the final display effect of TFT‐LCD, which is mainly reflected in the influence on transmittance and color shift. The ILD film thickness of 5500 Å & 4600 Å & 5950 Å have been verified in practice. The result shows that when ILD thickness is 5950Å, both of the color shift values of white picture and black picture are good, and the transmittance is high as well.
P‐13.13: Influence of Thin Film Encapsulation (TFE) on Wide Angle Deviation (WAD) in Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) Display
Authors: Xiao Alex , Fu JIAJIA , Liu Yang
Published: August 2021

In this paper, the influence of the initial chemical vapor deposition(1st CVD) layer of thin film encapsulation (TFE) on wide angle deviation (WAD) in organic light emitting diode (OLED) display is studied. Just noticeable color difference (JNCD) defines the performance of WAD on OLED display. Film thickness and refractive index of the 1st CVD layer of TFE are crucial to JNCD.The experimental data on Generation 6 substrate shows that small and uniform JNCD of OLED display can be achieved by 3‐layer of 1st CVD structure with layer1 of SiONx of 0.05um thickness and 1.50 refractive index(RI), layer2 of SiONx of 0.8 um thickness and 1.72 RI and layer 3 of SiONx of 0.08 um thickness and 1.53 RI. That is,the value of JNCD on wide angle deviation is less than 2JNCD.
P‐15.1: Projection Display Screen for Floating Signage Which Enables to Make Images Invisible from Back Side Using Light Control Technology
Authors: Sakamoto Kunio , Tanouchi Hikaru
Published: August 2021

Window decals are stickers that help catch the eyes of customers and look like floating images in the air because of the transparent glass window. But these graphic signs have defects. They are problems of mirrored imaging and still images. The authors are just wondering the following; Can't we change and animate the graphic image on the window? It is common knowledge that the drawing on the glass is always same. So let us make the window decals change and animate. This paper shows the one‐way observable projection display screen using light control technologies in order to avoid these defects. The authors proposed the unidirectional or one‐way observable window signage display in 2019. Our polarized light control mechanism for projection display is simpler than the case of the 2019 signage model. You can confirm that the light control technique realizes one‐way observable projection.
P‐16.2: A Research on Gray Grid Mura for Out‐cell Metal Mesh OLED Touch Module
Authors: Xu Wenjie , Guo Zongjie , Xie Xiaodong , Pang Bin , Yu Feifei , He Min
Published: August 2021

In this paper, gray grid mura in out‐cell metal mesh touch module laminated with OLED display was analyzed. Gray grid mura could be obviously cognitive at pure white/green/red pictures, and metal mesh were shading lighting green/red/blue subpixels randomly. It's worth noted that nothing could be observed in out‐cell metal mesh combined with same definition TFT‐LCD module. Display subpixel mesh‐shading area ratio could reach 25% for OLED while the value was only 6%~7% for LCD. Experiments were designed to explore the root cause for gray grid mura such as mesh without cross‐connecting point, different angle/space mesh solution, narrow mesh width solution, and heterogeneous subpixel‐mesh‐shading was testified to be the root cause for gray grid mura. The mechanism of gray grid mura was that non‐uniform mesh blocking ratio for adjacent pixels could lead to different gray levels in adjacent pixels. When the subpixel‐mesh‐blocking ratio surpassed a sensitive threshold as 11%, difference between adjoining area could result in macro‐mura. Homogeneous and heterogeneous pixel patterns simulating actual mesh‐blocking effect were designed further to verify the supposed mechanism. Gray grid mura was also observed in heterogeneous pixel design as expected.
P‐16.4: Electrostatic Touch Mura of no‐CG MLOC Products and its Improvement Solution
Authors: Pang Bin , Guo Zongjie , Xie Xiaodong , Sang Huayu
Published: August 2021

In this article, the cause of electrostatic touch mura in on cell touch products without cover glass is analyzed, and the improvement effect of various design optimization schemes is verified through comparative experiments. Firstly, the improvement effect of different dummy designs in the sensor layer is verified, then the polarizer with different PSA resistivity is used to verify the improvement effect on mura. Based on the above two ideas, cross‐validation is designed. Finally, the improvement effect of sputtering film on the back of CF glass is verified. Through controlled experiments, the improvement solution that can eliminate electrostatic touch mura without affecting the touch performance is found, it can provide reference for subsequent product development to meet the growing market demand.
P‐16.13: Process Improvement for solving issue of the SiOxNy peeling on glass
Authors: Peng Xu , Zhong-zheng Yang , Zong-jie Guo , Ting Zeng , Liu-Yue Yin , Zhan-qi Xu , Yong-fei Li , He-ren Gui , Yuan-cheng Li , Meng-meng Li
Published: August 2021

Dual SiOxNy shadow elimination is a common film design used in integrated color display devices. This article studied the influence factor of SiOxNy adhesion on glass. Therefore, the issue adhesion SiOxNy on glass is particularly important. The factors of affecting adhesion mainly include the several points: glass and layer surface properties, glass surface treatment, and adding transition layer. In view of the above points, we made a of lot methods such as glass shelf life control, glass pickling treatment and SiO2 transition layer respectively. Through optimizing process improvement, the final issues ratio was down from 50% to 0.84%, and by adding the SiO2 transition we solve the issue permanently.
P‐17.2: Automotive multi‐screen with ambient light sensor
Authors: Wang Chunhua , Yu Jie , Dong Xiaoqiao , Li Pengtao , Cui Dong , Han Rui , Ma Qing , Yoon D.K. , Wang Xinle , Sun Wei
Published: August 2021

BOE has made a 12.3‐inch automotive multi‐screen module with ambient light sensor. This product integrates the ambient light sensor on the surface of the panel, and the demo can realize 4K high resolution display and can support separate display by screen. At the same time, in order to make the product more beautiful and simple, the ultra narrow splicing design is used.
P‐17.3: Obstacle detection based on the fusion of multiple solid‐state lidars
Authors: Yang Xuekai , Ding Yuling , Li Wanlin
Published: August 2021

In automatic driving, mechanical lidar is often used to detect the surrounding environment. Due to cost‐effective reasons, solidstate lidar is now also a good choice. It can obtain a larger number of point clouds. But this means that there are more point clouds that need to be processed, and the requirements for real‐time are more stringent. At the same time, when the vehicle is moving, it is difficult to segment obstacles, which is prone to missed detection and false detection. exist. To solve the above problems, this paper adopts the detection method of multi‐solidstate lidar fusion, and proposes a RANSAC ground detection algorithm with adaptive iteration times. At the same time, the Euclidean clustering method is improved to make it based on the change of the distance radius detected by the point cloud. The threshold is automatically corrected, so that the automatic driving can detect the surrounding environment quickly and accurately. The method in this paper has also been put into actual vehicle experiments, and the test results show that the method in this paper can indeed achieve the expected goal.
Synthesis of N‐Doped Porous Carbon/Carbon Micro‐Nanotubes/NixCoyOz Nanosheets as a High‐Capacity Electrode Material for Supercapacitors
Authors: Cong Shaoling , Yang Yufei , He Fan , Zhao Jie , Li Kanshe , Wang Xiaoqin , Xiong Shanxin , Wu Yan , Zhou Anning
Published: August 2021

The N‐doped porous carbon (NPC) /carbon micro‐nanotubes (CMNT) /NixCoyOz nanosheets with rich mesopores and 1.37 wt% nitrogen doping are successfully synthesized by a pyrolysis‐ionization‐precipitation combination process, using coal‐based polyaniline and nickelocene as original materials. Therein, most of the CMNT are upright CMTs and worm‐like curved CNTs, and a few are bamboo‐like tubes or carbon nanofibers. Moreover, many flower‐like aggregates assembled by spinel NiCo2O4 nanosheets are anchored on the surface of the NPC and CMNT. The NPC/CMNT/NixCoyOz exhibits a high specific capacitance and cycling stability, attributed to the large BET specific surface area (485 m2/g), suitable BET average pore size (2.3 nm), good hydrophilicity and wettability, and synergistic effects among three components. The assembled NPC/CMNT/NixCoyOz//AC asymmetric supercapacitor also demonstres a high specific capacitance of 120 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 and a high energy density of 16.7 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 500 W kg−1.
Six-point functions and collisions in the black hole interior
Authors: Haehl Felix M. , Streicher Alexandre , Zhao Ying
Published: August 2021

Abstract

In the eternal AdS black hole geometry, we consider two signals sent from the boundaries into the black hole interior shared between the two asymptotic regions. We compute three different out-of-time-order six-point functions to quantify various properties of the collision of these signals behind the horizons: (i) We diagnose the strength of the collision by probing the two-signal state on a late time slice with boundary operators. (ii) We quantify two-sided operator growth, which provides a dual description of the signals meeting in the black hole interior, in terms of the quantum butterfly effect and quantum circuits. (iii) We consider an explicit coupling between the left and right CFTs to make the wormhole traversable and extract information about the collision product from behind the horizon. At a technical level, our results rely on the method of eikonal resummation to obtain the relevant gravitational contributions to Lorentzian six-point functions at all orders in the GN-expansion. We observe that such correlation functions display an intriguing factorization property. We corroborate these results with geodesic computations of six-point functions in two- and three-dimensional gravity.
Clinical and cardiac magnetic resonance findings in post-COVID patients referred for suspected myocarditis
Authors: Breitbart Philipp , Koch Alexander , Schmidt Marco , Magedanz Annett , Lindhoff-Last Edelgard , Voigtländer Thomas , Schmermund Axel , Mehta Rajendra H. , Eggebrecht Holger
Published: August 2021

Objectives

We assessed possible myocardial involvement in previously cardiac healthy post-COVID patients referred for persisting symptoms with suspected myocarditis.

Background

Prior studies suggested myocardial inflammation in patients with coronavirus-induced disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the prevalence of cardiac involvement among COVID patients varied between 1.4 and 78%.

Methods

A total of 56 post-COVID patients without previous heart diseases were included consecutively into this study. All patients had positive antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2. Patients were referred for persistent symptoms such as chest pain/discomfort, shortness of breath, or intolerance to activity. All patients underwent standardized cardiac assessment including electrocardiogram (ECG), cardiac biomarkers, echocardiography, and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR).

Results

56 Patients (46 ± 12 years, 54% females) presented 71 ± 66 days after their COVID-19 disease. In most patients, the course of COVID-19 was mild, with hospital treatment being necessary in five (9%). At presentation, patients most often reported persistent fatigue (75%), chest pain (71%), and shortness of breath (66%). Acute myocarditis was confirmed by T1/T2-weighed CMR and elevated NTpro-BNP levels in a single patient (2%). Left ventricular ejection fraction was 56% in this patient. Additional eight patients (14%) showed suspicious CMR findings, including myocardial edema without fibrosis (n = 3), or non-ischemic myocardial injury suggesting previous inflammation (n = 5). However, myocarditis could ultimately not be confirmed according to 2018 Lake Louise criteria; ECG, echo and lab findings were inconspicuous in all eight patients.

Conclusions

Among 56 post-COVID patients with persistent thoracic complaints final diagnosis of myocarditis could be confirmed in a single patient using CMR.

Graphic abstract
Analyse der Kolbengruppenreibung und -schmierung von Ottomotoren – Die Bedeutung des Ölabstreifrings
Authors: Schäffer Julian , Wachtmeister Georg
Published: August 2021

Für die Realisierung der in Paris definierten Klimaschutzziele wird die Optimierung des Verbrennungsmotors weiterhin eine tragende Rolle spielen. Sowohl für den Kleinmotor im Hybridantrieb als auch für den Großmotor in Nutzfahrzeugen und Baumaschinen hat eine Effizienzsteigerung höchste Priorität. Maßnahmen zur Reduktion der mechanischen Verluste werden typischerweise mit geschleppten Reibleistungsmessungen am Vollmotor (Strip-down Analyse) bewertet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass bis zu 50 % der Gesamtverluste im tribologischen System Kolben/Zylinderlaufbahn entstehen. Zur Analyse der Kolbengruppenreibung wird eine kurbelwinkelbasierte Reibkraftmessung am Einzylindermotor eingesetzt, aus der sich der Reibmitteldruck als Maß der Effizienz ableiten lässt. Mit dem sogenannten Floating-Liner Motor wird zunächst bewertet, welche Wirkung mit der Tangentialkraftreduktion des Ölabstreifrings hinsichtlich Reibungsverluste erzielt werden kann. Da sich Reibung stets im Spannungsfeld mit Ölverbrauch befindet, wird zudem die Wirkung der reduzierten Tangentialkraft auf den Ölhaushalt der Kolbengruppe analysiert. Hierzu wurde ein Transparent-Aggregat entwickelt, das die Visualisierung der Schmierölströmung als auch eine Bewertung der Ölschichtdicken ermöglicht. Mit diesem kombinierten Ansatz können Maßnahmen gefunden werden, die zu einer Reduktion des CO2-Ausstoßes bei gleichbleibenden Ölemissionen führen. Letzteres gewinnt mit dem zukünftigen Einsatz synthetisch hergestellter Kraftstoffe (eFuels) zunehmend an Bedeutung, da diese nahezu partikelfrei verbrennen und somit der Öleintrag in den Brennraum als einzige Partikelquelle verbleibt.
Determination of the high-strain rate elastic modulus of printing resins using two different split Hopkinson pressure bars
Authors: Aghayan S. , Bieler S. , Weinberg K.
Published: August 2021

The usage of resin-based materials for 3D printing applications has been growing over the past decades. In this study, two types of resins, namely a MMA-based resin and an ABS-based tough resin, are subjected to compression tests on a split Hopkinson pressure bar to deduce their dynamic properties under high strain rate loading.

Two Hopkinson bar setups are used, the first one is equipped with aluminum bars and the second one with PMMA bars. From the measured strain waves, elastic moduli at high strain rates are derived. Both setups lead to values of$E=3.4$E=3.4–3.8 GPa at a strain rate of about 250 s−1. Numerical simulations support the experiments. Moreover, considering the waves gained from the two different bar setups, PMMA bars appear to be well-suited for testing resin samples and are therefore recommended for such applications.
Taming conceptual wanderings: Wilson-Structuralism
Authors: De Benedetto Matteo
Published: August 2021

Mark Wilson presents a highly original account of conceptual behavior that challenges many received views about concepts in analytic philosophy. Few attempts have been made to rationally reconstruct Wilson’s framework of patches and facades within a precise semantic framework. I will show how a modified version of the structuralist framework offers a semantic reconstruction of scientific theories capable of modeling Wilson’s ideas about conceptual behavior. Specifically, I will argue that Theory-Elements and a modified version of Theory-Nets explicate respectively Wilson’s patches and facades. I will also demonstrate how several wandering phenomena described by Wilson can be adequately reconstructed within my framework.
Zur (Un‑)Möglichkeit von Teilhabe junger Menschen an der Gesellschaft
Authors: Maleyka Kathrin , Bonus Stefanie , Cano Marcela , Wenzler Nils
Published: August 2021

Die Beiträge des Schwerpunkts „Interessenvertretung in der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe“ befassen sich mit den Möglichkeiten der Partizipation und Selbstorganisation, die Kindern und Jugendlichen in unterschiedlichen Feldern der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe eröffnet bzw. verwehrt sind. Obwohl solche Möglichkeiten durchaus eine rechtliche Verankerung haben, sind sie in der Praxis nur unzureichend umgesetzt. Wie die Beiträge verdeutlichen, liegen die Ursachen hierfür in Dilemmata, die nicht zuletzt in Strukturen der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe ihre Ursache haben. Aus fünf unterschiedlichen Perspektiven wird ein Einblick in jene strukturellen Dilemmata gegeben, die jeweils der Mitgestaltung junger Menschen im Hinblick auf ihre Lebensentwürfe und -umstände entgegenstehen; gleichzeitig werden Möglichkeiten deren produktiver Bearbeitung aufgezeigt.
An Introduction to Robotically Assisted Surgical Systems: Current Developments and Focus Areas of Research
Authors: Klodmann Julian , Schlenk Christopher , Hellings-Kuß Anja , Bahls Thomas , Unterhinninghofen Roland , Albu-Schäffer Alin , Hirzinger Gerd
Published: August 2021

Purpose of Review

Robotic assistance systems for diagnosis and therapy have become technically mature and widely available. Thus, they play an increasingly important role in patient care. This paper provides an overview of the general concepts of robotically assisted surgical systems, briefly revisiting historical and current developments in the surgical robotics market and discussing current focus areas of research. Comprehensiveness cannot be achieved in this format, but besides the general overview, references to further readings and more comprehensive reviews with regard to particular aspects are given. Therefore, the work at hand is considered as an introductory paper into the topic and especially addresses investigators, researchers, medical device manufacturers, and clinicians, who are new to this field.

Recent Findings

The current research in Robotically Assisted Surgical Systems (RASS) increasingly uses established robotic platforms. To minimize the patient trauma while optimizing the dexterity of the surgeon, miniaturized instruments and semi-autonomous assistance functions are developed. To provide the surgeon with all necessary information in an adequate manner, novel imaging sensors as well as techniques for multimodal sensory feedback and augmented reality are investigated. The Surgical Data Science applies data management and processing approaches including machine learning on medical data to provide optimal, individualized and contextual support to the surgeon.

Robotic systems will significantly influence future patient care. Since they must fulfill manifold medical, technical, regulatory and economic requirements, their development calls for a close, active and interdisciplinary cooperation between stakeholders from hospitals, industry and science.
Efficacy and safety of prophylactic intrathecal normal saline for prevention of Post Dural Puncture Headache among women undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Abate Semagn Mekonnen , Ahmed Siraj , Anbese Getachew Mergia , Basu Bivash
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:

Post-Dural Puncture Headache is the commonest complication of spinal anesthesia. Body of evidence revealed that Conservative management failed to show significant benefit and epidural needle and catheter techniques didn’t provide conclusive evidence. On the other hand, intrathecal injection of normal saline is a simple technique and cost-effective in a resource-limited setup but it is not well examined on its effectiveness and safety profiles.

Methods and materials:

After Obtaining Ethical clearance from IRB, 152 mothers scheduled for cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were allocated randomly into two groups. Data analysis was done with SPSS version 22. Descriptive statistics were run to see the overall distribution of the study subjects. Unpaired student’s T-test for continuous symmetric data and Mann-Whitney U test for non-normally distributed data were used. Categorical data were analyzed with Chi-square and fisher’s exact test where appropriate. A generalized estimating equation model was used to investigate the interaction of repeated measurements of NRS pain scores of PDPH.

Result:

The overall incidence of PDPH was 29.6% while the proportion of patients who experienced PDPH was the highest among patients with control as compared to intervention( 36.8% vs 22%) respectively. The GEE model revealed that the NRS pain score was 0.7, 0.4, and 0.2 unit higher at 12, 24, and 48 respectively in control as compared to the intervention

Conclusion:

prophylactic intrathecal normal saline could be an option in a resource-limited setup where the appropriate spinal needle is not accessible and management of moderate and severe PDPH is not feasible

Registration:

The protocol was registered prospectively in Clinical Trials.gov (NCT04393766).

Highlights
Production Matters
Authors: Lambert Shawn P. , Perttula Timothy K. , Gaikwad Nilesh W.
Published: August 2021

Recent absorbed residue studies have confirmed that ceramic and shell containers were used for consuming Datura in precolumbian times. Until now, no one has identified what tools precolumbian people used to produce a concentrated hallucinogenic concoction. In this study, we used mass spectrometry to identify Datura residues (a flowering plant with hallucinogenic properties) in two late precolumbian composite bottles from the Central Arkansas River valley. Unlike the construction of most Mississippian bottles, the bottles in this study are unique because ceramic disks with a series of concentric perforations were incorporated in the bottles at the juncture of the bottle neck with the globular portion of the body. The organic residue analysis revealed Datura residues in both bottles. We argue that the internal clay disks served as strainers that allowed Datura producers to separate the hallucinogenic alkaloids from the Datura flower to produce a powerful liquid beverage.
Kinetic energy cascade in stably stratified open-channel flows
Authors: Atoufi Amir , Scott K. Andrea , Waite Michael L.
Published: August 2021

In this paper, the kinetic energy cascade in stably stratified open-channel flows is investigated. A mathematical framework to incorporate vertical scales into the conventional kinetic energy spectrum and its budget is introduced. This framework defines kinetic energy density in horizontal spectral and vertical scale space. The energy cascade is studied by analysing the evolution of kinetic energy density. It is shown that energetic streamwise scales ($\lambda _x$) become larger with increasing vertical scale. For the strongest stratification, for which the turbulence becomes intermittent, the energetic streamwise scales are suppressed, and energy density resides in $\lambda _x$ of the size of the domain. It is shown that, in an unstratified case, vertical scales of the size comparable to the height of the logarithmic layer connect viscous regions to the outer layer. By contrast, in stratified cases, such a connection is not observed. Moreover, it is shown that nonlinear transfer for streamwise scales is dominated by in-plane triad interactions and inter-plane transfer is more active in transferring energy density among small vertical scales of the size comparable to the height of viscous sublayer. The vertical scales of size comparable to the height of the viscous sublayer and buffer layer are the most active scales in the viscous term and the production term in the energy density budget, respectively.
Triglobal infinite-wing shock-buffet study
Authors: He Wei , Timme Sebastian
Published: August 2021

This article uses triglobal stability analysis to address the question of shock-buffet unsteadiness, and associated modal dominance, on infinite wings at high Reynolds number, expanding upon recent biglobal work, aspiring to elucidate the flow phenomenon's origin and characteristics. Infinite wings are modelled by extruding an aerofoil to finite aspect ratios and imposing a periodic boundary condition without assumptions on spanwise homogeneity. Two distinct steady base flows, spanwise uniform and non-uniform, are analysed herein on straight and swept wings. Stability analysis of straight-wing uniform flow identifies both the oscillatory aerofoil mode, linked to the chordwise shock motion synchronised with a pulsation of its downstream shear layer, and several monotone (non-oscillatory), spatially periodic shock-distortion modes. Those monotone modes become outboard travelling on the swept wing with their respective frequencies and phase speeds correlated with the sweep angle. In the limiting case of very small wavenumbers approaching zero, the effect of sweep creates branches of outboard and inboard travelling modes. Overall, triglobal results for such quasi-three-dimensional base flows agree with previous biglobal studies. On the contrary, cellular patterns form in proper three-dimensional base flow on straight wings, and we present the first triglobal study of such an equilibrium solution to the governing equations. Spanwise-irregular modes are found to be sensitive to the chosen aspect ratio. Nonlinear time-marching simulations reveal the flow evolution and distinct events to confirm the insights gained through dominant modes from routine triglobal stability analysis.
A unified description of gravity- and kinematics-induced segregation forces in dense granular flows
Authors: Jing Lu , Ottino Julio M. , Lueptow Richard M. , Umbanhowar Paul B.
Published: August 2021

Particle segregation is common in natural and industrial processes involving flowing granular materials. Complex, and seemingly contradictory, segregation phenomena have been observed for different boundary conditions and forcing. Using discrete element method simulations, we show that segregation of a single particle intruder can be described in a unified manner across different flow configurations. A scaling relation for the net segregation force is obtained by measuring forces on an intruder particle in controlled-velocity flows where gravity and flow kinematics are varied independently. The scaling law consists of two additive terms: a buoyancy-like gravity-induced pressure gradient term and a shear rate gradient term, both of which depend on the particle size ratio. The shear rate gradient term reflects a kinematics-driven mechanism whereby larger (smaller) intruders are pushed toward higher (lower) shear rate regions. The scaling is validated, without refitting, in wall-driven flows, inclined wall-driven flows, vertical silo flows, and free-surface flows down inclines. Comparing the segregation force with the intruder weight results in predictions of the segregation direction that match experimental and computational results for various flow configurations.
On the initial value problem for a class of nonlinear biharmonic equation with time-fractional derivative
Authors: Tuan Nguyen Anh , Caraballo Tomás , Tuan Nguyen Huy
Published: August 2021

In this study, we investigate the intial value problem (IVP) for a time-fractional fourth-order equation with nonlinear source terms. More specifically, we consider the time-fractional biharmonic with exponential nonlinearity and the time-fractional Cahn–Hilliard equation. By using the Fourier transform concept, the generalized formula for the mild solution as well as the smoothing effects of resolvent operators are proved. For the IVP associated with the first one, by using the Orlicz space with the function $\Xi (z)={\textrm {e}}^{|z|^{p}}-1$ and some embeddings between it and the usual Lebesgue spaces, we prove that the solution is a global-in-time solution or it shall blow up in a finite time if the initial value is regular. In the case of singular initial data, the local-in-time/global-in-time existence and uniqueness are derived. Also, the regularity of the mild solution is investigated. For the IVP associated with the second one, some modifications to the generalized formula are made to deal with the nonlinear term. We also establish some important estimates for the derivatives of resolvent operators, they are the basis for using the Picard sequence to prove the local-in-time existence of the solution.
The Curious Case of Theresa May and the Public That Did Not Rally: Gendered Reactions to Terrorist Attacks Can Cause Slumps Not Bumps
Authors: HOLMAN MIRYA R. , MEROLLA JENNIFER L. , ZECHMEISTER ELIZABETH J.
Published: August 2021

Terrorist attacks routinely produce rallies for incumbent men in the executive office. With scarce cases, there has been little consideration of terrorism’s consequences for evaluations of sitting women executives. Fusing research on rallies with scholarship on women in politics, we derive a gender-revised framework wherein the public will be less inclined to rally around women when terrorists attack. A critical case is UK Prime Minister Theresa May, a right-leaning incumbent with security experience. Employing a natural experiment, we demonstrate that the public fails to rally after the 2017 Manchester Arena attack. Instead, evaluations of May decrease, with sharp declines among those holding negatives views about women. We further show May’s party loses votes in areas closer to the attack. We then find support for the argument in a multinational test. We conclude that conventional theory on rally events requires revision: women leaders cannot count on rallies following major terrorist attacks.
Associations between dietary fatty acid patterns and cognitive function in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos
Authors: Karazurna Nicole , Porter Caitlin , Aytur Semra , Scott Tammy , Mattei Josiemer , Feldeisen Sabrina , Gonzalez Hector , Mossavar-Rahmani Yasmin , Sotres-Alvarez Daniela , Gallo Linda C. , Daviglus Martha L. , Van Horn Linda V. , Elfassy Tali , Gellman Marc , Moncrieft Ashley , Tucker Katherine L. , Kaplan Robert C. , Bigornia Sherman J.
Published: August 2021

Our objective was to quantify the cross-sectional associations between dietary fatty acid (DFA) patterns and cognitive function among Hispanic/Latino adults. This study included data from 8942 participants of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, a population-based cohort study (weighted age 56·2 years and proportion female 55·2 %). The National Cancer Institute method was used to estimate dietary intake from two 24-h recalls. We derived DFA patterns using principal component analysis with twenty-six fatty acid and total plant and animal MUFA input variables. Global cognitive function was calculated as the average z-score of four neurocognitive tests. Survey linear regression models included multiple potential confounders such as age, sex, education, depressive symptoms, physical activity, energy intake and CVD. DFA patterns were characterised by the consumption of long-chain SFA, animal-based MUFA and trans-fatty acids (factor 1); short to medium-chain SFA (factor 2); very-long-chain n-3 PUFA (factor 3); very-long-chain SFA and plant-based MUFA and PUFA (factor 4). Factor 2 was associated with greater scores for global cognitive function (β = 0·037 (sd 0·012)) and the Digit Symbol Substitution (DSS) (β = 0·56 (sd 0·17)), Brief Spanish English Verbal Learning-Sum (B-SEVLT) (β = 0·23 (sd 0·11)) and B-SEVLT-Recall (β = 0·11 (sd 0·05)) tests (P < 0·05 for all). Factors 1 (β = 0·04 (sd 0·01)) and 4 (β = 0·70 (sd 0·18)) were associated with the DSS test (P < 0·05 for all). The consumption of short to medium-chain SFA may be associated with higher cognitive function among US-residing Hispanic/Latino adults. Prospective studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
Revolutionary legality and the Burkinabè insurrection
Authors: Brett Peter
Published: August 2021

Coup leaders often purport to restore constitutional order. During Burkina Faso's 2014 ‘insurrection', however, Blaise Compaoré's opponents advanced detailed (international) legal arguments that significantly constrained their subsequent conduct. Theirs was to be a legal revolution. This article situates this stance within Burkina Faso's distinctive history of urban protest, whilst emphasising under-analysed international sources for the insurrection. ‘Insurgent’ lawyers, it argues, used international instruments to reinvigorate longstanding activist attempts to reconcile constitutional rights with a language of popular justice promoted by the revolutionary regime of Thomas Sankara (1983–7). After the insurrection, however, their emphasis on legality was used by Compaoré's supporters to expose the transitional authorities’ double-standards. Meanwhile, insurgent lawyers working for the transition had to work hard to reconcile (international) legal justifications for the insurrection with the expedient politics needed to defend the new dispensation.
Error diagnosis for language learning systems
Authors: Menzel Wolfgang , Schröder Ingo
Published: August 2021

A diagnostic component for natural language utterances has been devised which allows one to integrate (possibly inconsistent) evidence from a wide range of knowledge sources into a unique decision procedure. It is based on a procedure for the disambiguation of dependency structures using graded constraints. Different description levels like syntax, semantics, and others are treated by separate structural representations, which are disambiguated simultaneously. Due to the complete symmetry of the system architecture the approach allows for the successful handling of a wide variety or student errors.
A web-based language learning environment: general architecture
Authors: Foucou Pierre-Yves , Kübler Natalie
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we present the Web-based CALL environment (or WALL) which is currently being experimented with at the University of Paris 13 in the Computer Science Department of the Institut Universitaire de Technologie. Our environment is being developed to teach computer science (CS) English to CS French-speaking students, and will be extended to other languages for specific purposes such as, for example, English or French for banking, law, economics or medicine, where on-line resources are available.

English, and more precisely CS English is, for our students, a necessary tool, and not an object of study. The learning activities must therefore stimulate the students' interest and reflection about language phenomena. Our pedagogical objective, relying on research acquisition (Wokusch 1997) consists in linking various texts together with other documents, such as different types of dictionaries or other types of texts, so that knowledge can be acquired using various appropriate contexts.

Language teachers are not supposed to be experts in fields such as computer sciences or economics. We aim at helping them to make use of the authentic documents that are related to the subject area in which they teach English. As shown in Foucou and Kübler (1998) the wide range of resources available on the Web can be processed to obtain corpora, i.e. teaching material. Our Web-based environment therefore provides teachers with a series of tools which enable them to access information about the selected specialist subject, select appropriate specialised texts, produce various types of learning activities and evaluate students' progress.

Commonly used textbooks Tor specialised English offer a wide range of learning activities, but they are based on documents that very quickly become obsolete, and that are sometimes widely modified. Moreover, they are not adaptable to the various levels of language of the students. From the students' point of view, working on obsolete texts that are either too easy or too difficult can quickly become demotivating, not to say boring.

In the next section, we present the general architecture of the teaching/learning environment; the method of accessing and using it, for teachers as well as for students, is then described. The following section deals with the actual production of exercises and their limits. We conclude and present some possible research directions.
Natural language processing in CALL: language with a purpose
Authors: Ward R D , Foot R , Rostron A B
Published: August 2021

This paper makes a case for a style of CALL in which learners engage in written ‘conversations’ with a computer, implemented by means of natural language processing techniques. These conversations involve using language as a tool for achieving goals through active communication rather than as the subject matter for language exercises. The paper goes on to discuss the design and implementation of prototype software developed to illustrate this approach, and reports on pilot observations of the software in use. However, many issues in the design and use of this approach remain to be clarified.
LOGARITHMIC DE RHAM–WITT COMPLEXES VIA THE DÉCALAGE OPERATOR
Authors: Yao Zijian
Published: August 2021

We provide a new formalism of de Rham–Witt complexes in the logarithmic setting. This construction generalises a result of Bhatt–Lurie–Mathew and agrees with those of Hyodo–Kato and Matsuue for log-smooth schemes of log-Cartier type. We then use our construction to study the monodromy action and slopes of Frobenius on log crystalline cohomology.
Posttraumatische Kognitionen als Mediator zwischen auslösendem Ereignis und posttraumatischen Belastungssymptomen in Kindheit und Jugend
Authors: Jurk Swantje , Petermann Ulrike , Vasileva Mira
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Dysfunktionale posttraumatische Kognitionen über das Selbst und die Welt als Folge traumatischer Erfahrungen können die Entwicklung einer posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung begünstigen. Fragestellung: Diese Studie untersucht das Wirkgeflecht zwischen der Art des traumatischen Ereignisses (interpersonell/akzidentiell), posttraumatischen Kognitionen und posttraumatischen Belastungssymptomen in Kindheit und Jugend. Methode: Erhoben wurden Daten von N = 48 Jugendlichen (9 – 17 Jahren) mittels Selbstbericht. Ergebnisse: Die Mediationsanalyse zeigte, dass posttraumatische Kognitionen als signifikanter Mediator für interpersonelle im Vergleich zu akzidentiellen Erfahrungen wirkten. Diskussion: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass mit interpersonellen Traumata konfrontierte Kinder und Jugendliche in besonderem Maße Erschütterungen des Selbst- und Weltbildes ausgesetzt sind. Die Erkenntnisse betonen die Bedeutung kognitiver Elemente in der Traumatherapie mit Kindern und Jugendlichen.
Charting the Paths to a Scientific Career
Authors: Goss Heather
Published: August 2021

In our special issue on STEM careers, meet 17 scientists who’ve forged creative paths to a rewarding pursuit of Earth and space science.
Jennifer Arrigo: Seeking Clean Water for Everyone
Authors: Wheeling Kate
Published: August 2021

Science forges a partnership between academia and federal agencies.
Karen Layou: A Wider 2-Year Track
Authors: Lee Jack
Published: August 2021

Supporting geoscience education across a spectrum of opportunities.
Aisha Morris: Opening the Door to Science
Authors: Wheeling Kate
Published: August 2021

Forging a path from rocks and rifts to the National Science Foundation.
Growth, structure and defects of (La,Sr)(Al,Ta)O3 crystals for preparing BiFeO3 thin films
Authors: Xia Tonglin , Gan Yao , Xu Qianrui , Zhou Ning , Chen Xin , Zhang Yongfan , Hu Xiaolin , Zhuang Naifeng
Published: August 2021

A new (La,Sr)(Al,Ta)O3 (LSAT) crystal is focused on in this paper for use as an ideal substrate for preparing perfect BiFeO3 thin films.
Carbon supported Pd–Cu nanoalloys: support and valence band structure influence on reduction and oxidation reactions
Authors: Castegnaro Marcus V. , Gorgeski Andreia , Alves Maria C. M. , Morais Jonder
Published: August 2021

The present study has tracked the changes in the electronic and structural properties of Pd–Cu nanoalloys that were influenced by the composition and chosen support.
Total syntheses and antiproliferative activities of prenostodione and its analogues
Authors: Ramos-Orea Aldahir , Ramírez-Apan Teresa , Chávez-Santos Rosa María , Aguayo-Ortiz Rodrigo , Espitia Clara , Silva Miranda Mayra , Torres-Ochoa Rubén O. , Martínez Roberto
Published: August 2021

The synthesis of prenostodione and analogues was accomplished, and their antiproliferative activities were determined and compared with those of commercial drugs etoposide and cisplatin.