bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fatal Anaphylaxis to Atracurium: A Case Report
Authors: Schumacher Jan
Published: August 2018

A 52-year-old patient was scheduled for a cystoscopy. Anesthesia was induced by intravenous injection of fentanyl and propofol. After administration of atracurium, he became bradycardic and suffered a cardiac arrest. Despite prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the patient could not be revived. Electrolytes and hemoglobin levels were normal, and a transthoracic echocardiogram showed no signs of pericardial effusions or of any left ventricular contraction. The postmortem found no pathology. However, mast cell tryptase was raised significantly, indicating fatal anaphylaxis. Having presented no classic clinical signs, this case is a reminder that rapid cardiovascular collapse can be the sole clinical feature of anaphylaxis.
Diacylglycerol kinase (DGKA) regulates the effect of the epilepsy and bipolar disorder treatment valproic acid in Dictyostelium discoideum
Authors: Kelly Elizabeth , Sharma Devdutt , Wilkinson Christopher J. , Williams Robin S. B.
Published: August 2018

Valproic acid (VPA) provides a common treatment for both epilepsy and bipolar disorder; however, common cellular mechanisms relating to both disorders have yet to be proposed. Here, we explore the possibility of a diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) playing a role in regulating the effect of VPA relating to the treatment of both disorders, using the biomedical model Dictyostelium discoideum. DGK enzymes provide the first step in the phosphoinositide recycling pathway, implicated in seizure activity. They also regulate levels of diacylglycerol (DAG), thereby regulating the protein kinase C (PKC) activity that is linked to bipolar disorder-related signalling. Here, we show that ablation of the single Dictyostelium dgkA gene results in reduced sensitivity to the acute effects of VPA on cell behaviour. Loss of dgkA also provides reduced sensitivity to VPA in extended exposure during development. To differentiate a potential role for this DGKA-dependent mechanism in epilepsy and bipolar disorder treatment, we further show that the dgkA null mutant is resistant to the developmental effects of a range of structurally distinct branched medium-chain fatty acids with seizure control activity and to the bipolar disorder treatment lithium. Finally, we show that VPA, lithium and novel epilepsy treatments function through DAG regulation, and the presence of DGKA is necessary for compound-specific increases in DAG levels following treatment. Thus, these experiments suggest that, in Dictyostelium, loss of DGKA attenuates a common cellular effect of VPA relating to both epilepsy and bipolar disorder treatments, and that a range of new compounds with this effect should be investigated as alternative therapeutic agents.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Novel role for Grainy head in the regulation of cytoskeletal and junctional dynamics during epithelial repair
Authors: Cristo Inês , Carvalho Lara , Ponte Susana , Jacinto António
Published: August 2018

Tissue repair is critical for the maintenance of epithelial integrity and permeability. Simple epithelial repair relies on a combination of collective cell movements and the action of a contractile actomyosin cable at the wound edge that together promote the fast and efficient closure of tissue discontinuities. The Grainy head family of transcription factors (Grh in flies; GRHL1–GRHL3 in mammals) are essential proteins that have been implicated both in the development and repair of epithelia. However, the genes and the molecular mechanisms that it controls remain poorly understood. Here, we show that Grh knockdown disrupts actomyosin dynamics upon injury of the Drosophila pupa epithelial tissue. This leads to the formation of an ectopic actomyosin cable away from the wound edge and impaired wound closure. We also uncovered that E-Cadherin is downregulated in the Grh-depleted tissue around the wound, likely as a consequence of Dorsal (an NF-κB protein) misregulation, which also affects actomyosin cable formation. Our work highlights the importance of Grh as a stress response factor and its central role in the maintenance of epithelial characteristics necessary for tissue repair through regulating cytoskeleton and E-Cadherin dynamics.
m1A within cytoplasmic mRNAs at single nucleotide resolution: a reconciled transcriptome-wide map
Authors: Schwartz Schraga
Published: August 2018

Following synthesis, RNA can be modified with over 100 chemically distinct modifications. Recently, two studies—one by our group—developed conceptually similar approaches to globally map N1-methyladenosine (m1A) at single nucleotide resolution. Surprisingly, the studies diverged quite substantially in their estimates of the abundance, whereabouts, and stoichiometry of m1A within internal sites in cytosolic mRNAs: One study reported it to be a very rare modification, present at very low stoichiometries, and invariably catalyzed by TRMT6/61A. The other found it to be present at >470 sites, often at high levels, and suggested that the vast majority were highly unlikely to be TRMT6/61A substrates. Here we reanalyze the data from the latter study, and demonstrate that the vast majority of the detected sites originate from duplications, misannotations, mismapping, SNPs, sequencing errors, and a set of sites from the very first transcribed base that appear to originate from nontemplated incorporations by reverse transcriptase. Only 53 of the sites detected in the latter study likely reflect bona-fide internal modifications of cytoplasmically encoded mRNA molecules, nearly all of which are likely TRMT6/TRMT61A substrates and typically modified at low to undetectable levels. The experimental data sets from both studies thus consistently demonstrate that within cytosolic mRNAs, m1A is a rare internal modification where it is typically catalyzed at very low stoichiometries via a single complex. Our findings offer a clear and consistent view on the abundance and whereabouts of m1A, and lay out directions for future studies.
Silicon Valley new focus on brain computer interface: hype or hope for new applications?
Authors: Mitrasinovic Stefan , Brown Alexander P.Y. , Schaefer Andreas T. , Chang Steven D. , Appelboom Geoff
Published: August 2018

In the last year there has been increasing interest and investment into developing devices to interact with the central nervous system, in particular developing a robust brain-computer interface (BCI). In this article, we review the most recent research advances and the current host of engineering and neurological challenges that must be overcome for clinical application. In particular, space limitations, isolation of targeted structures, replacement of probes following failure, delivery of nanomaterials and processing and understanding recorded data. Neural engineering has developed greatly over the past half-century, which has allowed for the development of better neural recording techniques and clinical translation of neural interfaces. Implementation of general purpose BCIs face a number of constraints arising from engineering, computational, ethical and neuroscientific factors that still have to be addressed. Electronics have become orders of magnitude smaller and computationally faster than neurons, however there is much work to be done in decoding the neural circuits. New interest and funding from the non-medical community may be a welcome catalyst for focused research and development; playing an important role in future advancements in the neuroscience community.
Far East of Russia: from the depressive region to the territory of the future
Authors: Николайчук Ольга , Nikolaychuk Olga
Published: August 2018

The monograph presents the search for solutions to the problems of the far East region. The proximity of China and the distance from the center of Russia makes us look for effective measures to overcome the problems of the far East in the context of sustainable economic development of modern Russia.
The monograph is intended for students, masters, postgraduates, researchers involved in macroeconomic regulation and forecasting.
An Integrated Model Approach: Exploring the Energy Literacy and Values of Lower Secondary Students in Japan
Authors: Akitsu Yutaka , Ishihara Keiichi N.
Published: August 2018

Energy literacy is a minimum required capacity for developing a sustainable society that participates in and discusses on energy and environmental (EE) issues. Understanding the energy literacy structure is of significant importance for providing effective energy education to promote people’s awareness of EE issues. In this article, an energy literacy structural model integrated with the Theory of Planned Behavior and Value-Belief-Norm Theory was investigated for 1070 lower secondary students (ages 13-15) in Japan. Structural equation modeling uncovered that the awareness of consequences is the most powerful predictor for the causality between basic energy knowledge and energy-saving behavior through the attitude toward the energy-saving behavior. A conditional process analysis elucidated that (1) the conditional effect of basic energy knowledge on the awareness of consequences depends on scientific literacy, critical thinking ability, and environmental worldview, and (2) the conditional direct and indirect effects in the mediation model of awareness of consequences on the attitude toward energy-saving behavior through the ascription of responsibility depend on environmental worldview or values and family discussion of energy-related issues. The energy literacy model proposed provides a theoretical contribution to the development of an effective energy education program.
Cinematic virtual reality: Towards the spatialized screenplay
Authors: Ross Miriam , Munt Alex
Published: August 2018

This article considers how screenwriting might operate in the newly established medium of cinematic virtual reality (CVR). In Part One, we take a wide view of ways to consider screenwriting and development for CVR. Our approach theorizes CVR in the tradition of picture-making (or image-making) practices that can be traced within a broader history of the visual arts – from painting, to photography and contemporary art. In this way, we lay open the possibility for CVR to find diverse paths as it responds to narrative concerns rather than suggest it should merely repeat the consolidation of narrative that occurred with the transition of exploratory early cinema to the dominant Classical Hollywood system. In Part Two, our case study approach considers co-author, Miriam Ross’, CVR practice-based research to allow a discussion of the format that can be used for delivery of the CVR screenplay. Our aims are to connect a historically based spatialization of the image with the question of the spatialization of the screenplay for CVR 360-degrees media. The agenda is to expand the conversation around CVR to reflect upon, and inspire, new ways of thinking (and seeing) the potential for the development of screen ideas in this medium.
پيرۆزكردنى شێخانى سۆفى
Authors: Nadir Saeed M.
Published: August 2018

سۆفيگه‌رى وه‌ك ده‌ركه‌وته‌يه‌كى ئاينى‌، ‌پێكهاته‌يه‌كى ئاڵۆز و ئه‌زمونێكى ڕۆحانييه‌، ده‌يه‌وێت له‌ڕێگه‌ى ئه‌و ئه‌زمونه‌وه ‌په‌يوه‌ندييه‌كانى له‌گه‌ڵ خودا ڕێكبخات، به‌مانايه‌كى ديكه‌ هه‌ولده‌دات له‌ڕێگه‌ى هه‌ستى ده‌رونه‌وه بگاته‌ حه‌قيقه‌تى خودا.ديارترين تايبه‌تمه‌ندى ئه‌و ده‌ركه‌وته‌يه‌، ڕێز گرتن و خۆشه‌ويستى شێخانى سۆفييه،‌ له‌لايه‌ن موريد و شوێنكه‌وته‌كانيان، تا گه‌يشتووه‌ته‌ ئاستى پيرۆزكردنييان‌ وه‌ك بونه‌وه‌رێكى نائاسايى و وێناكردنيان به‌شێوه‌يه‌ك، كه‌ خاوه‌نى هێزێكى ئه‌وتۆن تواناى ئه‌نجامدانى كردارگه‌لێكيان هه‌يه‌ له‌ده‌ره‌وه‌ى سنووره‌ عه‌قلييه‌كان. قبولكردنى ئه‌وكاره‌ نائاساييانه‌ى شێخانى سۆفى له‌پانتايى ئه‌و ده‌ركه‌وته‌ ئاينييه‌دا، ته‌نها په‌يوه‌ست نييه‌ به‌ به‌رهه‌مهێنانى خه‌ياڵى موريدان، به‌ڵكو چه‌ندين هۆكار و بنه‌ما ڕۆڵيان هه‌بووه‌ له‌به‌رهه‌مهێنى ئه‌و پيرۆزكردنه‌دا، له‌وانه‌ گوتارى خودى سۆفييه‌كان به‌شێوه‌يه‌كى گشتى جه‌خت له‌ توانايى شێخى سۆفى ده‌كاته‌وه‌، به‌تايبه‌تى له‌ ناساندنى كه‌سايه‌تى سۆفى و پێناسه‌كردنى چه‌مكى ده‌ركه‌وته‌ ئاينييه‌كه‌، سه‌ره‌ڕاى ئه‌و سيسته‌مه‌ په‌روه‌رده‌ييه‌ى، كه‌ سۆفييه‌كان له‌كاتى ڕێنمايى و په‌روه‌رده‌كردنى موريده‌كان په‌يڕه‌ويان كردووه‌، گوزارشت له‌په‌يوه‌سته‌گى موريده‌كان ده‌كاته‌وه‌. هه‌روه‌ها چيرۆكى ژيانى شێخانى سۆفى و كه‌راماته‌كانيان، ڕه‌گه‌زێكى ديكه‌ى به‌رهه‌مهێنانى پێگه‌ى كۆمه‌لايه‌تى و ئاينيى‌‌ شێخه‌ سۆفييه‌كانه‌، چونكه دواجار‌ له‌ تێڕوانينى سۆفيگه‌ريدا، تواناى سۆفى بنه‌مايه‌كى ئايينى هه‌يه‌، چونكه‌ په‌يوه‌ندييه‌كى ڕۆحى ڕاسته‌وخۆى به‌خوداوه‌ هه‌يه‌ و كه‌رامات و كاره‌ نائاساييه‌كانى له‌وه‌وه‌ سه‌رچاوه‌ ده‌گرێت.
الشخصيات الغرائبية في رواية فرانكشتاين في بغداد
Authors: Maulwd Sabah K.
Published: August 2018

تعد الشخصية عنصرا بارزا من بين بقية العناصر الأخرى للرواية، فلا نستطيع اغفال دورها في الخطاب الروائي ، حيث ترتبط بباقي العناصر ارتباطا عضويا ومتكاملا ، إذ تصنع الحدث الروائي وتوجهه، عبر الزمان والمكان ، وتتأثر بهما، فيحاول الروائي أثناء رسم الشخصية أن يحشد عبرها أكبر كمية من القيم والعناصر والملامح النفسية والسلوكية التي يراها منحدرة الى الفرد من المجتمع لتصبح الشخصية ، فالكثير من أفكار الكاتب ومقاصده ورؤاه ومواقفه من القضايا المتعددة تصورها الشخصيات، إذن فهي القطب الذي یتمحور حوله الخطاب السردي، فأهم أداة یستخدمها الروائي لتصویر هذه الحوادث هي اختیاره للشخصيات. إنّ رواية(فرانكشتاين في بغداد) تزخر بشخصيات غرائبية يصعب على التصديق أحيانا، لأن كاتب الرواية لم يعتمد تقنيات السرد التقليدية للأحداث ، فالنص يتحرك بدائرية مفرطة ، إذ تمر شخصيات عديدة في الرواية وتترك آثارها وتساؤلاتها الوجودية وانفاسها في كل زاوية ومكان مرّت به، قُدّمَتْ في الرواية كمعادل جوهري لشعب كامل، شخصيات لها هواجسها وطموحاتها، ومشاغلها وهمومها اليومية. تلك هي سمة الشخصيات التي رسمها سعداوي لشخصياته الحيوية والفاعلة على طول صفحات الرواية، ويؤكد المؤلف كما على الغلاف الاخير ((تتداخل مصائر الشخصيات العديدة خلال المطاردة المثيرة في شوارع بغداد وأحيائها، وتحدث تحولات حاسمة، ويكتشف الجميع أنهم يشكلون، بنسبة ما، هذا الكائن الفرانكشتايني، أو يمدونه بأسباب البقاء والنمو، وصولاً الى النهايات المفاجئة التي لا يتوقعها أحد)) ، وهذا يثبت أنّ الشخصیة الروائیة تعدّ أحد المقاییس الأساسیة التي یعتمد علیها للاعتراف بكاتب الروایة،أنه روائي حقيقي ، ولذلك ارتأ البحث أن يحلل الشخصيات الرئيسة وما تعتريها من التغيرات والتبدلات الداخلية والخارجية وابراز تلك التغيرات
Životní prostředí pohledem Bible
Authors: Nečas Jiří
Published: August 2018

Zájem o životní prostředí ve většině křesťanských církví se vyvíjel zpočátku poněkud rozpačitě. Článek  ukazuje, že Bible vede k environmentální odpovědnosti. Odvolává se při tom na různá místa z Bible. Zdůrazňuje, že křesťan se musí angažovat pro dobro, přičemž životní prostředí je pro křesťana součástí dobrého božího stvořitelského díla.
Řízení třídy: přístupy, oblasti, strategie
Authors: Lukas Josef , Lojdová Kateřina
Published: August 2018

Abstrakt: Přehledová studie se zabývá systematizací poznatků ke konceptu řízení třídy (classroom management). Řízení třídy představuje jako komplexní fenomén vytváření podmínek pro vyučování a učení, facilitaci procesu učení a hodnocení jeho průběhu a výsledků. Rozmanité zahraniční i domácí teoretické a výzkumné poznatky k této problematice strukturuje do tří obecných dichotomií. První z nich jsou základní přístupy k řízení třídy, které lze označit za behavioristické či humanistické. Druhou dichotomii tvoří oblasti řízení třídy, kterými jsou management chování (behavioral management) a management výuky (instructional management). Třetí dichotomie zahrnuje konkrétnější strategie řízení třídy, které jsou popsány skrze proaktivní a reaktivní přístupy učitele.Klíčová slova: management třídy, řízení třídy, kázeň, klima školní třídy, učitel, výuková interakce, vztah učitele a žáků, žáci.
SOCIAL INCLUSION THROUGH SPORTS. A SHORT COMPARISON OF ITALY AND FRANCE
Authors: Bortoletto Nico , Porrovecchio Alessandro
Published: August 2018

The recent flow of immigrants to Italy and France, two countries that are the principal destinations after crossing the Mediterranean Sea, has turned out to be a complex and multidimensional problem to manage. Both France and Italy organised a complex method for welcoming and distributing the migrants around their territory as much as possible, hosting them in structures adapted or created for this purpose.On the Italian side, two main issues might be identified and analysed: on the one hand the humanitarian emergency of the reception of the migrants, on the other hand, the difficult processes of social integration/inclusion which were put in place. On the French side, these issues are linked to the managing of the risk of radicalisation, in a context in which the memory of the recent terrorist attacks remains vivid.In dealing with the management of the process of social integration/inclusion, sport has proven to be an important (although controversial) opportunity for social inclusion of young immigrants. Micro participatory action-research has highlighted the potential given by a shared cultural framework, such as that provided by the practice of sport. On the Italian side, these practices have not yet been institutionalised, while on the French side there is a more organic strategy, based on a longer standing tradition of using sport as a means of social inclusion.Starting from this premise about the situation of the two countries, we will propose a descriptive and theoretical comparison based on some case studies that we consider significant in terms of the French and Italian approach to social inclusion through sports.
GENDER CONSTRUCTION IN SPORTS, FAMILY HABITUS AND “GENDER REGIME”
Authors: Mennesson Christine , Forté Lucie
Published: August 2018

This article is based on data collected during a qualitative survey on children's leisure practices and family socialisation patterns. The paper focuses more specifically on the cross effects of gender and social class on the construction of body hexis and relationship to sports. The results show that several dimensions of family habitus must be taken into account: lifestyles, way in which parents divide the tasks of raising children and relationship they have with social competition or gender norms. Moreover, taking these different dimensions into account must be accompanied by an analysis of the concrete modes of socialization within the family and the practice context.
NO MORE GRID GIRLS AT FORMULA ONE: THE DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ON HOSTESSES’ SEXUALIZED BODIES, OBJECTIFICATION, AND FEMALE AGENCY
Authors: Jakubowska Honorata
Published: August 2018

At the beginning of 2018, Liberty Media, the owner of Formula One (hereafter, F1), decided to drop so-called grid girls from the race weekends beginning with the 2018 season, which has created an opportunity to analyze the perception of hostesses’ status and their bodies in contemporary sport. The discourse on the decision and the partial concessions in its enforcement is analyzed within the theoretical framework related to second and third waves of the feminist movement and the concepts of sexual objectification and agency. The results reveal that the grid girls’ presence is perceived both as unsuitable for modern times, values and #metoo culture climate and as “normal” and a “good tradition.” Additionally, the grid girls themselves accuse feminists of having caused them to lose their jobs, arguing that, although their positions are based on physical attractiveness and a sexualized body, it has been done by them voluntarily and with pleasure. The discourse on gird girls in F1 fits into the critical discourses on female (sexualized) body images in sport, but, on the other hand, it includes persons who have usually not been taken into account because of their auxiliary role in sports events.
BOOK REVIEW: RETHINKING SPORTS AND INTEGRATION. DEVELOPING A TRANSNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON MIGRANTS AND DESCENDANTS IN SPORTS
Authors: Burski Jacek
Published: August 2018

Sine Agergaard, the author of “Rethinking sports and integration. Developing a Transnational Perspective on Migrants and Descendants in Sports”, is well known for her work in researches of migration, integration and social participation, especially in and by sport. In her previous researches she had used sport-based perspective to examine how migrants had integrated within hosting society, in what ways relations between newcomers, local communities and state institutions were established, and what were the social processes of migration with special focus on professionals as an actors and objects of these phenomena (Agergaard and Tiesler 2014; Agergaard et al. 2018; Agergaard 2017; Agergaard and Botelho 2014; Agergaard and la Cour 2012). She is also the co-founder and currently head of the International Network for research in Sport and Migration Issues. (spomi-net) In the mentioned works, Agergaard used different approaches and methods to examine both particular cases (like a problem of women professionals’ integration, ethnic minority into the field of Danish football) and transnational relations. Problems researched by the author refer to broader mosaic of interests tied up by the question: “How one can establish perspective on locally occurring but internationally connected migration-related phenomena in field of sport?” Summary of work (books and articles) establish Agergaard’s position as an expert in the field of migration and sport.
How I see it: An exploratory study on attributions and emotions in L2 learning
Authors: Nakamura Sachiko
Published: August 2018

Learners’ attributions have received increasing attention in second/foreign language (L2) learning. Studies have shown that how learners attribute their performance influences not only their self-efficacy, motivation, and goal attainment but also their emotions (Hsieh, 2012; Hsieh & Kang, 2010; Hsieh & Shallert, 2008; Weiner, 2000, 2014). This exploratory study investigated how Japanese adult learners of L2 English attributed changes in their L2 learning attitudes and motivation through a 10-week TOEIC preparation program. It also examined emotions expressed in their attributional statements and the differences between learners with lower and higher L2 proficiency. A content analysis of open-ended questionnaire responses suggested eight attributional categories: perceived L2 improvement, enjoyment, positive feelings, increased L2 exposure, realization of L2 needs and importance, effective L2 instruction, and praise from the teacher for positive changes in attitudes and/or motivation and perceived inefficient L2 skills for negative changes in attitudes and/or motivation. Enjoyment was an emotion the most frequently mentioned by both groups while other emotions, such as joy, happiness, and disappointment, were expressed only by the beginner learners. These results offer important implications for L2 pedagogy and prospects for further research in the area.
Expressing authorial self in research articles written by Polish and English native-speaker writers: A corpus-based study
Authors: Hryniuk Katarzyna
Published: August 2018

This cross-linguistic and cross-cultural, corpus-based study explores the notion of writer identity expressed through self-reference. The study examines how writers from two cultural regions – Polish and Anglo-American – construct a credible representation of themselves in writing. That is, it investigates the differences and similarities in the frequency of use, and the role of first person pronouns and determiners, in the corpora of 40 research articles in the area of applied linguistics – 20 written by Polish authors in English, published in Polish institutions, and 20 by native English speakers, published in Anglophone journals. Additionally, the frequency of use and the role of nominal lexical items referring to the writers, such as the author(s) and the researcher(s), are explored. The location of pronouns, determiners and the lexical items in the IMRD structure (Introduction-Method-Results-Discussion) is also researched, as certain types of pronouns and determiners were expected to occur in the given sections, depending on their functions. The results clearly show that there is a striking difference between the use of pronouns and determiners in the texts written by the two groups of writers. The findings carry important implications for formulating clearer instructions and developing appropriate writing strategies by novices writing for publication in EFL.
A higher-education teaching module for integrating industry content and language through online recruitment advertisements
Authors: Tatzl Dietmar
Published: August 2018

Empirical evaluations of practical teaching units integrating content and language in higher education are rare and deserve more attention. The current article aims to narrow this gap by providing an empirical study of an integrating content and language in higher education (ICLHE, Smit & Dafouz, 2012) teaching module. It investigates the effectiveness of a content-based English for specific purposes module in tertiary aeronautical engineering education, which incorporates recruitment advertisements as online resources. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach and surveyed three aeronautical engineering student groups (N = 141) over three consecutive years on their perceptions of the module’s learning outcomes. This longitudinal survey was complemented by a teacher-assessed writing task and a qualitative content analysis of online recruitment advertisements (N = 80) in a self-built corpus. All three year groups rated the 10 questionnaire statements on a 5-point Likert scale rather equally, thus suggesting a similar perception of academic achievement stemming from the module’s completion. This student view was supported by the results of the writing assignment. In short, the module’s effectiveness was corroborated both quantitatively and qualitatively, which identifies this teaching concept as a feasible way forward.
English medium instruction: Comparing teacher beliefs in secondary and tertiary education
Authors: Briggs Jessica G. , Dearden Julie , Macaro Ernesto
Published: August 2018

Learning content through the medium of a second language is a form of education which is growing rapidly in both secondary and tertiary educational phases. Yet, although considerable research now exists on these phases of education viewed separately, virtually no comparisons have been made between the two phases. This study compared beliefs about English medium instruction (EMI) held by 167 secondary and tertiary EMI teachers from 27 countries. Teachers’ beliefs were elicited in four key areas: EMI teachers’ goals, EMI policy, benefits and drawbacks to students, and challenges to teachers. The findings indicate that secondary teachers felt more strongly that EMI provides students with a high quality education. More secondary than tertiary teachers reported an institutional policy on the English proficiency level required of teachers to teach through EMI, yet in neither phase was there evidence of adequate support to reach a required proficiency level. Teachers deemed EMI beneficial to advancing students’ English but felt that EMI would affect academic content, with no clear difference between the phases. Our conclusions indicate that EMI is being introduced without thorough institutional stakeholder discussion and therefore without clear policies on levels of teacher expertise. Neither is there evidence of a dialogue between phases regarding the challenges faced by EMI teachers and students.
Modeling of Total Phenolic contents in Various Tea samples by Experimental Design Methods
Authors: Eruygur Nuraniye , Dincel Nazire Gulsah Kutuk , Kutuk Nursah
Published: August 2018

Tea, from the old ages to the day, is widely consumed both for enjoyment and health care due to its positive effects. The consumption of these products is increasing day by day as a result of the clear presentation of the fact that tea contains high amount of antioxidant substances (such as phenolic compounds), which is important in prevention and treatment of diseases. Tea beverage is a very important source of polyphenols. In this study, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of different tea species were calculated by modeling with experimental design method. In the experimental part, polyphenol content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The total amount of phenolic substance content was examined by Box-Behnken design and response surface method on black tea, green tea and white tea on different extraction temperature, extraction time and solid / liquid ratio. Solid / liquid ratio was found to be the most important parameter in terms of polyphenol content extraction from different tea samples. The highest polyphenol amount (411.762 mg gallic acid / mL) was found in green tea. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first data presenting comparatively study the effect of extraction condition on amounts of phenolic compounds from different tea samples.
Excitation functions of proton induced reactions of some radioisotopes used in medicine
Authors: Noori Susan Shukur , Akkurt İskender , Demir Nurdan Karpuz
Published: August 2018

The main purpose of this study is the investigation of a cross section of proton induced nuclear reactions. The excitation functions of the reactions:56Fe(p,2n)55Co58Fe(p,2n)57Co,111Cd(p,2n)110In,112Cd(p,2n)111In,125Te(p,2n)124I,126Te(p,2n)125I,68Zn(p,2n)67Gawere investigated. These reactions were studied as the resulting radioisotopes are used in medical applications. Theoretical excitation functions have been calculated with TALYS 1.6 nuclear reaction simulation code. The calculated excitation functions are compared with the experimental data.
Free amino acids in Viola tricolor in relation to different habitat conditions
Authors: Dziągwa-Becker Magdalena , Weber Ryszard , Zajączkowska Olga , Oleszek Wiesław
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this study was to establish the free amino acids profile of Viola tricolor collected from different habitats in Poland. Viola tricolor (heartsease) is a very popular plant found worldwide, classified both as weed and medicinal plant. Based on a validated method, the following nineteen free amino acids were analyzed using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (LC-ESI-MS/MS):alanine, glycine, leucine, valine, isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine, serine, threonine, methionine, asparagine, glutamine, lysine, arginine, histidine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid. The total free amino acids (TAA) ranged from 9938.0 to 11393.8 mg/kg of fresh weight. The variability of the investigated amino acids with respect to different habitat conditions was statistically assessed using the method of discriminant and cluster analysis. Alanine, valine, glutamine and aspartic acid were the most abundant free amino acids present in both localizations. The ratio of total essential amino acids (EAA) to TAA was 0.27 and 0.11 in Zagródki and Wrocław, respectively. Discriminant analysis has demonstrated that the investigated habitats significantly differentiated the free amino acids content of Viola tricolor. Only methionine showed a similar concentration in both Viola tricolor populations.
Analytic approximate solutions to the chemically reactive solute transfer problem with partial slip in the flow of a viscous fluid over an exponentially stretching sheet with suction/blowing
Authors: Ene Remus-Daniel , Bordeaşu Ilare , Negrea Romeo Iosif
Published: August 2018

This paper analytically investigates the flow as well as the chemically reactive solute transfer problem in a viscous fluid. The motion equations are reduced to a nonlinear ordinary differential equations system using the similarity transformations. The obtained nonlinear differential system is for the first time approximately solved by means of the Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (OHAM). The effects of the partial slip and suction/blowing parameters are analytically analyzed. Some examples are given; the obtained results provides us with a good agreement with the numerical results and reveal that our procedure is effective, accurate and easy to use.
Connected Domination Polynomial of Graphs
Authors: Mojdeh D. A. , Emadi A. S.
Published: August 2018

Let G be a simple graph of order n. The connected domination polynomial of G is the polynomial

$D_c \left( {G,x} \right) = \sum\nolimits_{i = \gamma _c \left( G \right)}^{\left| {V\left( G \right)} \right|} {d_c \left( {G,i} \right)x^i }$

, where dc(G,i) is the number of connected dominating sets of G of size i and γc(G) is the connected domination number of G. In this paper we study Dc(G,x) of any graph. We classify many families of graphs by studying their connected domination polynomial.
Generalized Weighted Ostrowski, Trapezoid and Grüss Type Inequalities on Time Scales
Authors: El-Deeb A. A. , Elsennary H. A. , Nwaeze Eze R.
Published: August 2018

In this article, using two parameters, we obtain generalizations of a weighted Ostrowski type inequality and its companion inequalities on an arbitrary time scale for functions whose first delta derivatives are bounded. Our work unifies the continuous and discrete versions and can also be applied to the quantum calculus case.
Disability Measurement in the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Agree Emily M. , Wolf Douglas A.
Published: August 2018

The Health and Retirement Study (HRS) has provided extensive and detailed national data on disability since it began in 1992, and has been used extensively in studies of disability trends and trajectories. We summarize conceptual frameworks used to characterize disability and review the HRS measures of functioning, work disability, and employer accommodations. HRS survey questions have experienced changes in wording, skip logic, or other design features over the life of the study, and we comment on the analytic challenges posed by those changes. Among our conclusions are (1) work disability and benefit eligibility are important concepts that should be considered for redesign to better reflect current concepts and policy issues; (2) methodological studies of changes in wording or skip logic should be undertaken; and (3) minor additions to survey content in areas such as temporal reference periods or changes in social-participation activities would improve measurement.
A Unique Concept of Limited Grid Capacity and Voltage-Frequency Control of an RES Based Rural Electrification System
Authors: Yadav D. K.
Published: August 2018

This paper presents dynamic performance analysis of a PV-biogas-biodiesel-grid based hybrid power system designed for rural electrification. The linear small signal model of the system using power balance equations is developed and small step change in solar incident power and active and reactive load demand of the system are applied. The objective of this work is to control the system voltage (magnitude and angle), frequency and to operate the grid for controlled supply. The voltage source inverter (VSI) used for photovoltaic (PV) system provides active and reactive support and controlled to maintain system voltage and frequency constant. The biogas and bio-diesel engine are equipped with electronic governor control, uses synchronous generator (SG) with automatic voltage regulator (AVR). The variation in load demand is balanced by the biogas, bio-diesel generator and by PV system keeping grid supply constant. The system is simulated in MATLAB and the performance is analyzed for variable loads and input solar power. The PI controllers are applied and their gains are optimized using ISE method. The state variables are plotted and their oscillations are stabilized within few seconds. The system voltage, frequency and grid are controlled effectively.
Charging Coordination of Plug-In Electric Vehicle for Congestion Management in Distribution System
Authors: Deb Subhasish , Harsh Pratik , Sahoo Jajna Prasad , Goswami Arup Kumar
Published: August 2018

In modern electricity market, high penetration of Plug-In Electric Vehicle (PEV) creates a huge burden on distribution system operator (DSO). This high penetration creates a gap between demand-supply which further leads to the congestion in distribution lines. Power flow in a grid connected PEV is bidirectional i. e. it can work either in Grid to Vehicle (G2V) or Vehicle to grid (V2G) mode depending upon the grid constraints and owners demand. This paper proposes a charging coordination strategy of PEVs to alleviate congestion in distribution lines. Firstly, Active Power Flow Sensitivity Factors (PFSFs) are calculated to predict the branch flows or congestion status due to the uncoordinated charging of PEVs. Secondly, a coordination strategy of PEVs charging-discharging is made using different heuristic based algorithms in order to mitigate congestion in radial distribution system. The result of proposed work also shows the reduction in total active power loss while maintaining the electricity grid constraints. The present work is simulated and analyzed on IEEE 10 bus radial distribution system integrated with residential systems. Several case studies are analyzed to demonstrate the heftiness of the proposed work.
The language medium “divide”: Ideologies of Hindi-English use at four all-girls’ “public schools” in North India
Authors: Chidsey Meghan M.
Published: August 2018

When the first, all-girls’ Indian Public Schools opened their doors they were not the progenitors of women’s education nor the first English-medium schools in the princely states. These schools fulfilled a different need – educating the daughters of India’s aristocracy. While in the schools’ initial years, students could pursue either Hindi- or English-medium streams, they quickly became (inter)nationally renowned for their prowess in the English language. In the decades surrounding Indian independence, they served as localized symbols of “quality” education, women’s emancipation, and Indian modernity. Though many of these perceived advantages still hold true, contemporary practices pertaining to participation in entrance examinations, higher education, and peer group sociality are challenging their meanings and uses. Not only are female students (re)creating ideologies that link English, Hindi, and/or other vernaculars to certain class- and gender-based notions of being “cool”, “modern”, or “rustic”, to “belonging”, “showing off”, or “proving it”, but institutional competition from private (largely Hindi-medium) tutoring centers are further complicating the primacy of English-medium education. As such, this article interrogates the various ways stakeholders of four, historic, all-girls’ Indian Public Schools interact with, police, place value upon, and find meaning through language.
Language ideologies and identities in Kurdish heritage language classrooms in London
Authors: Yilmaz Birgul
Published: August 2018

This article investigates the way that Kurdish language learners construct discourses around identity in two language schools in London. It focuses on the values that heritage language learners of Kurdish-Kurmanji attribute to the Kurmanji spoken in the Bohtan and Maraş regions of Turkey. Kurmanji is one of the varieties of Kurdish that is spoken mainly in Turkey and Syria. The article explores the way that learners perceive the language from the Bohtan region to be “good Kurmanji”, in contrast to the “bad Kurmanji” from the Maraş region. Drawing on ethnographic data collected from community-based Kurdish-Kurmanji heritage language classes for adults in South and East London, I illustrate how distinctive lexical and phonological features such as the sounds [a:] ~ [ɔ:] and [ɛ]/[æ] ~ [a:] are associated with regional (and religious) identities of the learners. I investigate how these distinct features emerge in participants’ discourses as distinctive identity markers. More specifically this article examines how language learners construct, negotiate and resist language ideologies in the classroom.
On the equations of electrodynamics in a flat or curved spacetime and a possible interaction energy
Authors: Arminjon Mayeul
Published: August 2018

In this paper the independent equations of continuum electrodynamics and their quantity are investigated, beginning with the standard equations used in special and general relativity. Using differential identities it is checked that there are as many independent equations as there are unknowns, for the case with given sources as well as for the general case where the motion of the charged medium producing the field is unknown. This problem is then discussed in an alternative theory of gravity with a preferred reference frame, in order to constrain an additional, “interaction” energy tensor that has to be postulated in this theory, and that would be present also outside usual matter. In order that the interaction tensor be Lorentz-invariant in special relativity, it has to depend only on a scalar fieldp. Since the system of electrodynamics is closed in the absence of the interaction tensor, just one scalar equation more is needed to close it again in the presence ofp. That equation is taken to be the equation for charge conservation. Finally, the equations that allow the determination of fieldpare derived in a given weak gravitational field and in a given electromagnetic field.
Negative effect of clay fillers on the polyvinyl alcohol biodegradation: technical note
Authors: Jurca Martin , Julinová Markéta , Slavik Roman
Published: August 2018

This work focuses on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) biodegradation in the presence of mineral clays in an aqueous aerobic environment. PVA with a degree of hydrolysis of 88% and 72% was used for the experiments. The selected group of mineral clays (nanofillers for polymers) of montmorillonite (MMT) Cloisite® Na+; organo-modified montmorillonite (OMMT) Cloisite® 20A, Cloisite® 30B; waste kaolin; kaolin; and zeolites were prepared by synthesis of the aforementioned kaolins. The level of biodegradation was measured using a respirometer, Micro-Oxymax, and evaluated according to CO2 production. Results of this test indicate a negative effect on PVA biodegradability in the presence of MMT Cloisite® Na+ and Cloisite® 30B. It has been found that PVA biodegradability in the presence of no adapted inoculum was adversely affected by the biocidal effects of the organic modifier of Cloisite® 30B. In this case, PVA 88-8 biodegradation decreased by 71% and PVA 72-10 biodegradation dropped by 58%. Furthermore, the sorption of PVA on the Cloisite® Na+ in the range of 40%–45% was demonstrated in the following research.
Development of a Rigid Full-Contact Mold for Preparing Biobeams through Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitation
Authors: Bu Changming , Wen Kejun , Liu Shihui , Ogbonnaya Ubani , Dong Qian , Li Lin , Amini Farshad
Published: August 2018

As a new environmentally friendly and sustainable technique for soil improvement, microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) has been studied widely. A suitable sample preparation mold is the first step to prepare MICP treatment. The purpose of this study is to develop a rigid full-contact mold to prepare larger biobeam specimens for MICP treatments with an immersing method. Four different molds were developed, including a plastic beam rigid mold without a cover, a full-contact flexible mold, a rigid full-contact mold with geotextiles, and a rigid full-contact mold with filter paper. Beam-shaped specimens with different dimensions were treated with the four molds in the MICP process. A four-point bending test and a split tensile strength test were conducted to evaluate the flexural behavior of MICP-treated specimens from the four sample preparation molds. The results indicated that an MICP-treated sample prepared by the rigid full-contact mold with geotextiles can form the best beam shape and the most uniform calcite precipitation inside the sample. Additionally, the biobeam made by the rigid full-contact mold with geotextiles achieved the best mechanical properties. The flexural strength of the biobeam made by the rigid full-contact mold was 1,125 kPa at a failure flexural strain of 1.5 %, and the split tensile strength was 368 kPa with a failure tensile strain of 1.8 %.
Model Test Study on Spatial Deformation Law of Surrounding Rock for Super-Large Section and Shallow Buried Tunnels
Authors: Liu Cong , Li Shucai , Zhou Zongqing , Li Liping , Wang Kang , Qin Chengshuai
Published: August 2018

With the Ganggou Tunnel of the Jing-hu High-Speed Connection Line Road acting as the engineering background, a three-dimensional assembled large-scale geomechanical model test system was developed. The system includes a strain field monitoring system based on static strain acquisition and a displacement field acquisition system based on raster monitoring. Model tests on the excavation process of a super-large section and a shallow-buried tunnel with a small space were conducted. Data of surface subsidence, vault, and horizontal displacement were collected during excavation. When partially excavating the tunnel using the double sidewall guiding method and the Center Diaphragm method, displacement and disturbances mainly occurred within the ranges of one diameter distance to work face. The displacement spatial variation laws of the right and left tunnels are similar during excavation, and the magnitude of displacement in the right tunnel is larger because of the secondary disturbance superposition effect. After continuous rainfall for 40–50 min, the deformation of the surrounding rock significantly increased because of the rainfall effect; the overall stability of the surrounding rock was threatened. The research methods and the results obtained in this study will guide similar engineering approaches.
Soil Plasticity Variability and Its Effect on Soil Classification
Authors: Manafi Masoud S. G.
Published: August 2018

Determination of soil plasticity by Atterberg limit tests are among the most general laboratory tests in geotechnical engineering. The plastic behavior of soil is a criterion for soil classification systems in geotechnical engineering. Atterberg tests not only are applied for clayey soils but also are performed for silts, organic soils and peat, silty and clayey sands to find out whether they are SM or SC based on the unified soil classification system. The test results also provide key information related to strength, permeability, compressibility, shrink/swell potential, and other engineering properties of soils. However, current standard methods have some serious issues with accurately determining the consistency states of soils. The results obtained by current standard methods are not accurate, and consequently, fairly large boundaries of water contents for each limit state are determined. The inaccurate determination of soil plasticity will lead to different categorizations of soils as well. In this article, attempts are made to estimate the boundaries of liquid and plastic limits according to current standard methods and to study their effects on soil classification. It is demonstrated that the variability in soil plasticity determination by current standard methods may even classify a particular soil into four different categories according to the unified soil classification system.
Rhythmic Prototypes Across Cultures
Authors: Polak Rainer , Jacoby Nori , Fischinger Timo , Goldberg Daniel , Holzapfel Andre , London Justin
Published: August 2018

It has long been assumed that rhythm cognition builds on perceptual categories tied to prototypes defined by small-integer ratios, such as 1:1 and 2:1. This study aims to evaluate the relative contributions of both generic constraints and selected cultural particularities in shaping rhythmic prototypes. We experimentally tested musicians’ synchronization (finger tapping) with simple periodic rhythms at two different tempi with participants in Mali, Bulgaria, and Germany. We found support both for the classic assumption that 1:1 and 2:1 prototypes are widespread across cultures and for culture-dependent prototypes characterized by more complex ratios such as 3:2 and 4:3. Our findings suggest that music-cultural environments specify links between music performance patterns and perceptual prototypes.