bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adli Genetikte Güncel Yaklaşımlar
Authors: ŞIMŞEK Sümeyye Zülal , BÜLBÜL Özlem
Published: July 2024

Bu bölümde, adli genetik alanında SNP’lerin, mikrohaplotiplerin, epigenetik mekanizmaların, mikrobiyotanın ve genetik geneolojinin nasıl kullanıldığı ve hedefleri ayrıntılı olarak özetlenmektedir. Bunlardan ilki, SNP markırları, adli bilimlerde kimliklendirme amacıyla kullanılmakta olup, IISNPs markırları geleneksel STR lokuslarına alternatif olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Nesep SNP markırları ise mitokondriyal DNA (mtDNA) ve Y-kromozomunda bulunan SNP bölgelerini içerir. Fenotip SNP markırları ile göz, saç ve ten rengi gibi fiziksel özelliklerin tahmini güvenilir bir şekilde yapılmaktadır. Mikrohaplotipler ise kromozomlar üzerinde birlikte kalıtılan alellerden oluşur ve kimliklendirme, nesep tayini ve biyocoğrafik soyun belirlenmesinde kullanılır. Güncel çalışmalardan bir diğeri olan epigenetik modifikasyonlardan DNA metilasyonu vücut sıvılarının kimliklendirilmesi, yaş tahmini ve monozigotik ikizlerin ayırt edilmesi gibi konularda kullanılır. Son yıllarda ise mikrobiyom profilinin incelenerek bireyin temas ettiği yüzeylerdeki mikrobiyomun kimliklendirilmesi üzerine yapılan çalışmalar da artmıştır. Adli Genetik Geneolojisi, DNA veri bankalarının kurulmasıyla birlikte kayıp kişilerin ve suçluların kimliklendirilmesinde kritik bir rol oynamaktadır. Tüm bu çalışmalar, adli bilimlerdeki ilerlemelerin önemli bir göstergesidir
Kronik Obstrüktif Akciğer Hastalığında (KOAH) Akut Atak
Authors: ÇAKMAK Fatih , ÇIRKIN Yunus
Published: July 2024

KOAH akut atakları, hastalığın ciddi ve ani semptom artışlarıdır. Enflamasyonun artmasıyla nefes darlığı, öksürük ve balgam artar. Tetikleyiciler genellikle enfeksiyonlar veya hava yolu hasarıdır. Tanı, ani semptom kötüleşmesine dayanır; anamnez, muayene ve belirli tetkikler gereklidir. Tedavi, semptomların hafifletilmesini, solunum fonksiyonlarının desteklenmesini ve altta yatan nedenlerin tedavi edilmesini içerir. İnhaler bronkodilatörler, glukokortikoidler, oksijen tedavisi, solunum desteği ve gerekirse antibiyotikler tedavi seçenekleridir. Mekanik ventilasyon veya non-invazif ventilasyon gibi ileri solunum desteği yöntemleri, şiddetli vakalarda veya solunum yetmezliği gelişen hastalarda düşünülmelidir. Hastaların durumu sıkı bir şekilde izlenmeli ve tedaviye yanıtı değerlendirilmelidir. Doğru tanı, etkili tedavi ve önleme stratejileri, hastaların yaşam kalitesini artırmak ve sağlık sistemlerinin yükünü azaltmak için önemlidir.
Akut Astım Atağı
Authors: ÇAKMAK Fatih , ÇIRKIN Yunus
Published: July 2024

Astım, tekrarlayan hırıltı, nefes darlığı, göğüs ağrısı ve öksürüğe yol açan inflamatuvar bir solunum yolu hastalığıdır. Ataklar sırasında hava yolu kısıtlanması gözlenir ve bazı durumlarda kronik hava yolu kısıtlaması gelişebilir. Astımın patofizyolojisi, hava yolu daralması, vasküler konjesyon, bronş duvar ödemi ve sekresyon artışı ile karakterizedir. Mast hücrelerinden salınan mediatörlerin, özellikle Ig-E bağımlı mediatörlerin (histamin, triptaz, lökotrienler, prostaglandinler) rolü kritiktir. Bunlar akut bronkokonstriksiyona neden olur ve hava yolundaki düz kas hücrelerinin kasılmasında rol oynarlar. Astım atağı, tipik olarak dispne, hırıltı ve öksürükle kendini gösterir. Fizik muayene, hastanın genel durumu, vital bulgular ve akciğer muayenesi ile yapılır. Solunum fonksiyon testleri, tanı ve hastalığın şiddetinin belirlenmesinde yardımcı olabilir. Peak ekspiratuar akış ve pulse oksimetri, astım atağının şiddetini değerlendirmede kullanılır. Akciğer grafisi, ayırıcı tanıda ve komplikasyonların tespitinde faydalı olabilir. Astım atağının tedavisinde oksijen desteği, inhale bronkodilatörler ve sistemik glukokortikoidler temel tedavi seçenekleridir. Status astmatikus durumunda, hipoksemi ve hava yolu tıkanıklığının hızlı bir şekilde düzeltilmesi için agresif tedavi gereklidir. Bu tedaviler arasında magnezyum sülfat, noninvaziv pozitif basınçlı ventilasyon ve sistemik glukokortikoidler yer alır.
Çoklu Travmaya Yaklaşım
Authors: KANBAKAN Altuğ
Published: July 2024

Dünyada mortalitenin en sık nedenlerinden biri olan travma, acil servis başvurularından birini oluşturmaktadır. Acil servislerde sıklıkla karşılaşılan travmalar, izole ya da birden çok sistemi etkileyebilir. Bu bölümde, acil serviste çoklu travmaların hem erişkin hem de pediatrik hasta grubunda kullanılan genel değerlendirme ve yönetim basamakları ele alınmaktadır.
Crush Yaralanma (Ezilme Sendromu) ve Rabdomiyoliz
Authors: İPEKCI Afşın
Published: July 2024

Rabdomiyoliz travmatik veya travmatik olmayan nedenlerle iskelet kasının çözünmesi sonucunda kas hücre içeriği ve elektrolitlerin hücre dışı sıvıya ve dolaşıma sızması ile karakterizedir. Ezilme sendromu is eksternal fiziksel bası sonucu gelişen rabdomiyoliz olarak tanımlanır. Ezilme sendromunun patofizyolojisinde oluşan iskemi-reperfüzyon hasarı sonucu gelişen rabdomiyoliz rol oynar. Dolaşıma salınan iyonlar ve enzimler böbrek ve kalp gibi hayati organları etkileyerek ani ölümler ve çoklu organ yetmezliğine neden olurlar. Ezilme sendromundaki klinik bulgular yaralanma mekanizması, ezilmenin süresi ve genişliği ile ilgilidir. Hastalarda kompantman sendromu gibi lokal semptomlar olabileceği gibi böbrek yetmezliği, hipovolemi ve çoklu organ yatmezliği sistemik bulgularda mevcut olabilir. Tanıda klinik bulgularla beraber Kreatinin kinaz seviyelerinde en az 5 kat artma veya 1000 U/L’den yüksek değerler ezilme sendromunun bir göstergesidir. Ezilme sendromunun tedavisine olay yerinde başlamalıdır ve ilk 6 saat içinde, tercihen kurban çıkarılmadan önce %0.9 NaCL erişkinlerde 1,5 L/saat ve çocuklarda 10–20 mL/kg/saat olarak uygulanmalıdır. Bu bölünde deprem bölgesi olan ülkemizde bu afetlerde sık karşımıza çıkan ezilme sendromu yönetimi hakkında bilgi vermek amaçlandı.
Akut Bilinç Değişikliği
Authors: DEMIRTAKAN Türker
Published: July 2024

Acil servislerde akut bilinç değişikliğinin anlatıldığı bu kitap bölümünde, delirium, stupor ve koma ayrıntılı bir biçimde tartışılmaktadır. Delirium, kabaca bilişsel fonksiyonlarda, dikkat ve dikkati sürdürmede akut değişikliklerle karakterize edilir ve akut bakım ortamında tanısal ve yönetimsel zorluklar doğurur. Stupor, azalmış uyarılma durumu ve derin uyku hali olup altta yatan nedenleri, (metabolik bozukluklar, zehirlenme veya nörolojik hasarlar vb.) belirlemek için hızlı bir değerlendirmeyi gerektirir. Koma, bilinçte en derin değişikliği temsil eder ve geri dönüşümlü nedenleri belirlemek ve uygun müdahaleleri yönlendirmek için acil bir değerlendirmeyi gerektirir. Bu bölüm, akut mental durum değişiklikleri ile başvuran hastaların değerlendirilmesi ve yönetilmesine sistemli bir yaklaşım sunar ve acil servis ortamında hasta sonuçlarını optimize etmek için hızlı değerlendirme, hedefe yönelik araştırmalar ve zamanında müdahalelerin önemini vurgular.
Hemorajik İnme
Authors: KUŞKU KIYAK Sevil
Published: July 2024

Hemorajik inme intraserebral kanama ve travmatik olmayan subaraknoid kanamayı içerir. Klinik olarak infarkt ile aynı bulgular görülebilir. Ancak tedavi stratejisi tamamen farklı olduğu için görüntüleme yaparak tanıyı koymak çok önemlidir. Kısa sürede teşhis edilmesi hayati önem teşkil eder, çünkü semptomlar hızlı bir şekilde progresyon gösterebilir. Hızlı tanı ve agresif tedavi gerekir. Tedavi hedefimiz kanamanın artmasına engel olmak, kafa içi basıncını izlemek ve yönetmek, diğer nörolojik komplikasyonları yönetmek olmalıdır
Machine learning software for optimizing SME social media marketing campaigns
Authors: Wagobera Edgar Kedi  , Chibundom Ejimuda  , Courage Idemudia  , Tochukwu Ignatius Ijomah
Published: July 2024

This review paper explores the transformative role of machine learning in optimizing social media marketing strategies for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It begins by highlighting the significance of social media marketing for SMEs, outlining the historical context of traditional marketing strategies, and examining current trends and emerging machine learning applications. The paper delves into the technical challenges of implementing machine learning, such as data quality, algorithm complexity, and system integration, as well as ethical concerns surrounding data privacy and algorithmic bias. SME-specific limitations are also discussed, including budget constraints and lack of technical expertise. Future directions focus on emerging technologies like deep learning and reinforcement learning, offering practical recommendations for SMEs to leverage these advancements effectively. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of embracing machine learning to achieve sustainable growth and competitive advantage in the digital marketplace.
Keywords: Machine Learning, Social Media Marketing, SMEs, Data Privacy, Audience Targeting.
Challenges and strategies in securing smart environmental applications: A comprehensive review of cybersecurity measures
Authors: Nwankwo Charles Uzondu  , Dominic Dummene Lele
Published: July 2024

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the cybersecurity challenges and strategies within smart environmental applications, emphasizing the critical importance of robust cybersecurity measures to protect these increasingly interconnected systems. Employing a systematic literature review and content analysis, the research scrutinizes peer-reviewed articles, conference proceedings, and industry reports from 2006 onwards, focusing on cybersecurity vulnerabilities, strategic approaches to security, and case studies of both successful and failed cybersecurity implementations. The methodology ensures a thorough examination of the evolving landscape of cyber threats and the effectiveness of various cybersecurity measures in smart environmental systems. Key findings highlight a diverse range of security vulnerabilities, from technical exploits to human factors, underscoring the necessity of encryption, authentication, and network security measures. The study also identifies emerging threats and opportunities presented by advancements in technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and blockchain, which offer promising avenues for enhancing cybersecurity. Based on the analysis, the study recommends future research directions, including the development of adaptive cybersecurity frameworks and the exploration of interdisciplinary approaches that integrate insights from cybersecurity, environmental science, and urban planning. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach to cybersecurity, advocating for collaborative efforts among industry stakeholders, regulatory bodies, and the academic community to strengthen the resilience of smart environmental systems against cyber threats. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on cybersecurity in smart environmental applications, providing valuable insights for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers in the field.
Keywords: Cybersecurity, Security Vulnerabilities, Smart Environmental Systems, Emerging Technologies.
Interfaith-Cross-Cultural Improvisation: Music and Meaning Across Boundaries of Faith and Culture
Authors: Yun Gerard
Published: July 2024

This article explores the social value and meaning of interfaith-cross-cultural improvisation (musical improvisation between people from differing cultural and faith traditions) and its unique quality of engaging widely different cultural and faith-based groups. It draws concepts from evolutionary biology, ethnomusicology, religious experience, the emerging field of community music, and the insight of first-hand participants. Interfaith-cross-cultural improvisation can be seen as a form of “deep play” with the ability to signal and evoke empathy across participants who identify with divergent beliefs, cultures, and practices. The article attempts to illuminate the process of interfaith-cross-cultural improvisation as a meaningful undertaking of interfaith and multicultural practice, important to the formation of group empathy, sense of connection, and ultimately creating a deep sense of community.
Reconciliation: All Our Relations
Authors: Laurila Kelly
Published: July 2024

The author shares the national, community (local) and individual discourses taking place as they pertain to the reconciliation process that is happening with Indigenous and Settler peoples in Canada. Importantly, the author sheds light on a multitude of local efforts of reconciliation happening that have not yet made it to academic discourses and publications, but which could be instrumental in contributing to reconciliation. A key component emphasized in these reconciliation efforts and which could be the catalyst for change, is the importance of relationships. Stemming from an Indigenous epistemological perspective, the creation of positive relationships with others and ‘all our relations’ begins with oneself.
A CRIMINALIZAÇÃO DA FAKE NEWS: LIMITES DA LIBERDADE DE EXPRESSÃO E RESPONSABILIDADE PENAL
Authors: Oliveira Jozenildo Ferreira , Azevedo Delner do Carmo
Published: July 2024

Neste artigo, discutimos os diversos aspectos relacionados à criminalização das fake news, examinando suas definições, características e os potenciais impactos sociais e políticos. Analisamos os desafios éticos e práticos associados à criminalização das fake news, destacando questões como liberdade de expressão, diversidade de opiniões e confiança nas instituições democráticas. Além disso, exploramos as implicações da criminalização das fake news para a sociedade e para a política, incluindo o potencial uso político das leis e os desafios na definição e comprovação das fake news. Concluímos ressaltando a importância de uma abordagem equilibrada e colaborativa, que promova a alfabetização midiática, fortaleça o jornalismo de qualidade e responsabilize as plataformas digitais. Ao enfrentarmos esse desafio de forma colaborativa e baseada em princípios democráticos e de direitos humanos, podemos fortalecer nossa democracia e promover uma esfera pública mais informada e resiliente.
EXTRUSÃO DE HIPOCLORITO NA ENDODONTIA - RISCOS E CONSIDERAÇÕES: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Cerqueira Elaine de Lira , Cruz Eliane de Souza , Vera Saul Alfredo Antezana
Published: July 2024

Esta revisão da literatura sobre a extrusão de hipoclorito na endodontia examina cuidadosamente os riscos e as considerações, enfatizando a importância de que os profissionais odontológicos realizem um procedimento cuidadoso. O estudo tem como objetivo investigar os riscos associados à extrusão de hipoclorito de sódio, fornecendo uma revisão abrangente da literatura atual sobre o tema. A justificativa ressalta a necessidade de compreender os riscos potenciais associados à extrusão de hipoclorito para garantir a segurança e eficácia dos tratamentos endodônticos. O método da revisão incluiu pesquisas em bases de dados científicos, selecionando estudos relevantes que abordam temas relevantes. Os resultados destacam a importância de práticas seguras e protocolos claros para lidar com possíveis complicações durante o procedimento endodôntico. Em conclusão, a revisão reforça a importância de estar preparado para lidar com as complicações decorrentes da extrusão de hipoclorito, enfatizando a necessidade de uma abordagem criteriosa e bem-informada por parte dos profissionais odontológicos.
SÍFILIS CONGÊNITA NO BRASIL: UM ESTUDO COMPARATIVO DA INCIDÊNCIA ENTRE 2019 E 2023, CONSIDERANDO OS PERÍODOS PRÉ-PANDÊMICO E PANDÊMICO
Authors: Geier Luiz Henrique Dias , Uscocovich Kurt Juliano Sack Orejuela
Published: July 2024

Introdução: A sífilis congênita resulta da disseminação hematogênica do Treponema pallidum da gestante não tratada ou inadequadamente tratada para o feto, por via transplacentária. Apesar dos esforços contínuos, há lacunas na assistência pré-natal, exemplificadas durante a pandemia de COVID-19 pela interrupção significativa nos serviços de saúde reprodutiva, dificultando o acesso aos cuidados preventivos e aumentando o risco de sífilis congênita não detectada. Objetivo: Avaliar a incidência de sífilis congênita em diferentes regiões do Brasil entre os anos de 2019 e 2023. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico do tipo série temporal com dados secundários disponíveis no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) no período de 2019 a 2023. As variáveis analisadas foram casos notificados de sífilis congênita, ano do diagnóstico, região geográfica, presença de sífilis materna, realização de pré-natal, evolução do quadro de sífilis congênita, tratamento do parceiro e classificação final. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. Resultados: Na análise da distribuição dos casos notificados por região e ano, destacou-se a região Sudeste com 50.670 casos ao longo de cinco anos, seguido pelo Nordeste com 32.308 casos. Adicionalmente, a análise dos casos de sífilis congênita durante a pandemia de COVID-19 (2020-2022) não revelou diferenças estatisticamente significativas na incidência em relação ao período pré-pandêmico (2019). Discussão: Durante a pandemia de COVID-19, os procedimentos diagnósticos e de tratamento da sífilis no SUS do Brasil sofreram uma redução considerável, com uma queda nos procedimentos realizados nos primeiros sete meses de 2020 em comparação com o período de 2016 a 2019. O projeto "Sífilis Não!" exemplifica o sucesso de intervenções abrangentes em saúde pública, especialmente na região Nordeste, onde houve uma significativa redução nas notificações. No entanto, persistem desafios na integração entre pesquisa e políticas de saúde, especialmente na vigilância epidemiológica e no acesso equitativo aos serviços de saúde. Conclusão: Portanto, para combater a sífilis congênita, é essencial implementar políticas baseadas em evidências, fortalecer os sistemas de saúde e promover pesquisas adicionais, adotando uma abordagem multifacetada para orientar intervenções eficazes e sustentáveis em saúde materno-infantil globalmente.
SÍFILIS: UM ENSAIO CRÍTICO SOBRE A EPIDEMIA DA INFECÇÃO SEXUAL VIVENCIADA NO BRASIL
Authors: Lima Thaina Jacome Andrade de , Lopes Francisco Clebison Chaves , Medeiros Isabelle Dantas , Silva Rayara Cibelle Ribeiro da , Lima Maria Valéria Chaves de , Oliveira Kalyane Kelly Duarte de
Published: July 2024

A sífilis é uma doença infectocontagiosa sistêmica, curável e exclusiva do ser humana, é causada pela bactéria Treponema pallidum, pode ser dividida em três fases: sífilis primária, sífilis secundária e sífilis terciária tendo como medicamento base para cura a Penicilina. O trabalho segue o modelo de ensaio crítico partindo de análises do contexto da sífilis sob o olhar social do estudioso Luc Boltanks. Luc Boltanski traz em seus trabalhos, o corpo como portador de determinações sócio-econômico-políticas. Sendo que estes emaranhados de elementos estão correlacionados ao corpo em processo de adoecimento, assim como expressarão a forma como o indivíduo interpreta os sintomas do adoecimento, o diagnóstico, o tratamento e a cura se esta vier a existir. Desse modo, permeando-se à luz de Boltanski, o usuário que vier a dispor de uma perspectiva socioeconômica mais baixa, esse tende a estar mais próximo de infecções como a Sífilis e a dispor de tratamentos, comunicações, oportunidades e vivências desiguais dentro do percurso de saúde e de vida. Ao longo do presente trabalho foi possível notar que a epidemia de Sífilis é de fato um problema crescente e de preocupação atual para saúde pública, contudo, é um problema que demanda olhares para além da esfera da saúde e doença.
MANIFESTAÇÕES OFTALMOLÓGICAS E TRATAMENTO OCULAR NA SÍNDROME DE STEVENS-JOHNSON
Authors: Santos Rafaela Malagoli dos , Queiroz Andréa Karen Canuto , Viana Evelise Almeida , Oliveira Henrique Barreto de , Silveira Maria Thereza Lisbôa Sobral Soares
Published: July 2024

A Síndrome de Stevens-Johnson (SSJ) é uma condição rara e grave, caracterizada por uma reação mucocutânea severa desencadeada geralmente por reações adversas a medicamentos. Manifestações oftalmológicas são comuns nesse contexto, podendo incluir conjuntivite, ceratoconjuntivite, úlceras corneanas e, em casos extremos, perfuração ocular. O tratamento ocular na SSJ é crucial para mitigar complicações a longo prazo e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes afetados. Objetivo: Investigar e analisar criticamente as manifestações oftalmológicas da SSJ e os diferentes tratamentos oculares propostos na literatura científica. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma busca sistemática nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo e Web of Science utilizando os descritores: "Stevens-Johnson Syndrome", "ocular manifestations", "treatment", "eye complications", "corneal ulceration". Foram incluídos artigos publicados nos últimos 10 anos, abordando estudos de caso, séries de casos e ensaios clínicos que descreveram manifestações oculares da SSJ e seus respectivos tratamentos. Os critérios de inclusão foram: estudos em humanos, artigos em inglês ou português, e foco específico em manifestações oftalmológicas. Foram excluídos artigos não relacionados diretamente ao tema, revisões de literatura não sistemáticas e estudos anteriores a 2012. Resultados: Os estudos revisados destacaram a variedade de manifestações oftalmológicas na SSJ, incluindo conjuntivite grave, síndrome do olho seco, e úlceras corneanas recorrentes. Diferentes abordagens terapêuticas foram discutidas, desde o uso de colírios lubrificantes até transplantes de membrana amniótica em casos de lesões corneanas graves. A eficácia dos tratamentos variou dependendo da gravidade e extensão das complicações oculares. Conclusão: A revisão sistemática revelou a importância de uma abordagem multidisciplinar no manejo das manifestações oftalmológicas da SSJ, visando não apenas a preservação da visão, mas também a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos pacientes afetados. A compreensão detalhada dessas manifestações e a avaliação dos tratamentos disponíveis são fundamentais para orientar práticas clínicas mais eficazes e direcionar futuras pesquisas na área.
Multi-angle aerosol optical depth retrieval method based on improved surface reflectance
Authors: Chen Lijuan , Wang Ren , Fei Ying , Fang Peng , Zha Yong , Chen Haishan
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Retrieval of atmospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD) has been a challenge for Earth satellite observations, mainly due to the difficulty of estimating surface reflectance with the combined influence of land–atmosphere coupling. Current major satellite AOD retrieval products have low spatial resolution under complex surface processes. In this study, we further improved the surface reflectance by modeling the error correction based on the previous AOD retrieval and obtained more accurate AOD retrieval results. A lookup table was constructed using the Second Simulation of Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum (6S) to enable high-precision AOD retrieval. The accuracy of the algorithm's retrieval was verified by observations of the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). From the validation results, we find that among the nine Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) angles, the retrieved AOD has the best retrieved results with the AOD observed at the An angle (Taihu: R = 0.81, relative mean bias (RMB) = 0.68; Xuzhou-CUMT: R = 0.73, RMB = 0.78). This study will help to further improve the retrieval accuracy of multi-angle AOD at large spatial scales and long time series. The retrieved AOD based on the improved method has the advantages of fewer missing pixels and finer spatial resolution compared to the MODIS AOD products and our previous estimates.
Comparison of diurnal aerosol products retrieved from combinations of micro-pulse lidar and sun photometer observations over the KAUST observation site
Authors: Lopatin Anton , Dubovik Oleg , Stenchikov Georgiy , Welton Ellsworth J. , Shevchenko Illia , Fuertes David , Herreras-Giralda Marcos , Lapyonok Tatsiana , Smirnov Alexander
Published: July 2024

Abstract. This study focuses on the comparison of aerosol columnar aerosol optical depth (AOD) and lidar ratios together with vertical profiles of aerosol extinction and backscatter at 532 nm retrieved over the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) campus observation site for the period of 2019–2022 using the Generalized Retrieval of Atmosphere and Surface Properties (GRASP) and Micro-Pulse Lidar Network (MPLNET) approaches. An emphasis is placed on independent analysis of daylight and nighttime retrievals to estimate how strongly the differences in the assumptions of both methods made in the absence of nighttime AOD observations influence the retrieval results. Additionally, two aerosol products provided by GRASP excluding and including the volume depolarization observations at 532 nm provided by MPLNET are analyzed to estimate the potential benefits of usage of depolarization data in aerosol profile retrievals. Overall, both columnar and vertical MPLNET and GRASP products demonstrated a better agreement for daytime retrievals for the GRASP product that excluded the depolarization information. At the same time, inclusion of the volume depolarization observations improved the agreement between MPLNET- and GRASP-estimated values at nighttime, both columnar and vertical. In addition, estimated values of daytime extinction profiles at ground level were compared to assess the impact of the assumption of a constant aerosol vertical distribution in the cutoff zone of lidar observations implied in GRASP. The values estimated by GRASP demonstrated a good agreement with MPLNET, for retrievals both including and excluding volume depolarization information. A seasonal variability in the diurnal cycle of aerosol properties estimated by GRASP over the KAUST site for the period 2019–2022 is presented, analyzed and discussed.
Climate variability, heat distribution, and polar amplification in the warm unipolar “icehouse” of the Oligocene
Authors: Jenny Dominique K. L. L. , Reichgelt Tammo , O'Brien Charlotte L. , Liu Xiaoqing , Bijl Peter K. , Huber Matthew , Sluijs Appy
Published: July 2024

Abstract. The Oligocene (33.9–23.03 Ma) had warm climates with flattened meridional temperature gradients, while Antarctica retained a significant cryosphere. These may pose imperfect analogues to distant future climate states with unipolar icehouse conditions. Although local and regional climate and environmental reconstructions of Oligocene conditions are available, the community lacks synthesis of regional reconstructions. To provide a comprehensive overview of marine and terrestrial climate and environmental conditions in the Oligocene, and a reconstruction of trends through time, we review marine and terrestrial proxy records and compare these to numerical climate model simulations of the Oligocene. Results, based on the present relatively sparse data, suggest temperatures around the Equator that are similar to modern temperatures. Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) show patterns similar to land temperatures, with warm conditions at mid- and high latitudes (∼60–90°), especially in the Southern Hemisphere (SH). Vegetation-based precipitation reconstructions of the Oligocene suggest regionally drier conditions compared to modern times around the Equator. When compared to proxy data, climate model simulations overestimate Oligocene precipitation in most areas, particularly the tropics. Temperatures around the mid- to high latitudes are generally underestimated in models compared to proxy data and tend to overestimate the warming in the tropics. In line with previous proxy-to-model comparisons, we find that models underestimate polar amplification and overestimate the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient suggested from the available proxy data. This further stresses the urgency of solving this widely recorded problem for past warm climates, such as the Oligocene.
EAT v1.0.0: a 1D test bed for physical–biogeochemical data assimilation in natural waters
Authors: Bruggeman Jorn , Bolding Karsten , Nerger Lars , Teruzzi Anna , Spada Simone , Skákala Jozef , Ciavatta Stefano
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Data assimilation (DA) in marine and freshwater systems combines numerical models and observations to deliver the best possible characterization of a waterbody's physical and biogeochemical state. DA underpins the widely used 3D ocean state reanalyses and forecasts produced operationally by, e.g., the Copernicus Marine Service. The use of DA in natural waters is an active field of research, but testing new developments in realistic setting can be challenging as operational DA systems are demanding in terms of computational resources and technical skill. There is a need for test beds that are sufficiently realistic but also efficient to run and easy to operate. Here, we present the Ensemble and Assimilation Tool (EAT), a flexible and extensible software package that enables data assimilation of physical and biogeochemical variables in a one-dimensional water column. EAT builds on established open-source components for hydrodynamics (GOTM), biogeochemistry (FABM), and data assimilation (PDAF). It is easy to install and operate and is flexible through support for user-written plugins. EAT is well suited to explore and advance the state of the art in DA in natural waters thanks to its support for (1) strongly and weakly coupled data assimilation, (2) observations describing any prognostic and diagnostic element of the physical–biogeochemical model, and (3) the estimation of biogeochemical parameters. Its range of capabilities is demonstrated with three applications: ensemble-based coupled physical–biogeochemical assimilation, the use of variational methods (3D-Var) to assimilate sea surface chlorophyll, and the estimation of biogeochemical parameters.
The agricultural expansion in South America's Dry Chaco: regional hydroclimate effects
Authors: Bracalenti María Agostina , Müller Omar V. , Lovino Miguel A. , Berbery Ernesto Hugo
Published: July 2024

Abstract. The Gran Chaco ecoregion is South America's largest remaining continuous stretch of dry forest. It has experienced intensive deforestation, mainly in the western part known as the Dry Chaco, resulting in the highest rate of dry-forest loss globally between 2000 and 2012. The replacement of natural vegetation with other land uses modifies the surface's biophysical properties, affecting heat and water fluxes and modifying the regional climate. This study examines land use and land cover changes (LULCCs) in the Dry Chaco from 2001 to 2015 and their effects on local and non-local climate and explores the potential impacts of future agricultural expansion in the region. To this end, Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulations are performed for two scenarios: the first one evaluates the observed land cover changes between 2001 and 2015 that covered 8 % of the total area of the Dry Chaco; the second scenario assumes an intensive agricultural expansion within the Dry Chaco. In both scenarios, deforestation processes lead to decreases in leaf area index (LAI), reductions in stomatal resistance, and increases in albedo, thus reducing the net surface radiation and, correspondingly, decreasing the turbulent fluxes, suggesting a decline in available energy in the boundary layer. The result is an overall weakening of the water cycle in the Dry Chaco and, most prominently, implying a reduction in precipitation. A feedback loop develops since dry soil absorbs significantly less solar radiation than moist soil. Finally, the simulations suggest that the Dry Chaco will intensify its aridity, extending drier and hotter conditions into the Humid Chaco.
Model-based assessment of climate change impact on inland flood risk at the German North Sea coast caused by compounding storm tide and precipitation events
Authors: Bormann Helge , Kebschull Jenny , Gaslikova Lidia , Weisse Ralf
Published: July 2024

Abstract. In addition to storm tides, inland flooding due to intense rainfall has become an increasing threat at coastal lowlands. In particular, the coincidence of both types of events poses great challenges to regional water boards since their technical drainage capacities are limited. In this study, we analysed historical data and scenario-based simulations for gauge Knock near Emden at the German North Sea coast. The evaluation of observed inland flood events shows that mainly moderate storm tide series in combination with large-scale, intense precipitation led to an overload of inland drainage systems, whereas the highest individual storm tides or precipitation events alone could be handled well. Proactive risk management requires climate projections for the future. Therefore, a hydrological and a hydrodynamic ocean model were set up and driven by the same climate simulations to estimate future drainage system overloads. The evaluation of the simulations for the control period of two climate models confirms that the models can reproduce the generation mechanism of the compound events. The coincidence of storm tides and precipitation leads to the highest drainage system overloads, while system overload is also caused by intense rainfall events alone rather than by storm tides without intense precipitation. Scenario projections based on two climate models and two emission scenarios suggest that the intensity of compound events of rainfall and storm tides will increase consistently against the background of mean sea level rise for all investigated climate projections, while simulated system overload is higher for the RCP8.5 scenario compared to the RCP2.6 scenario. Comparable to the past, future compound events will cause more potential damage compared to single extreme events. The model results indicate an increasing frequency and intensity of inland drainage system overloads along the North Sea coast if timely adaptation measures are not taken.
Por uma revisão do verificador independente. Propostas de redimensionamento funcional e padrões de governança. Não seria o caso de tratá-lo como agente de eficiência privado com poderes estatais ou agente de resolução alternativa de disputas?
Authors: Lôbo Gomes Filipe , Rios da Nóbrega Marcos Antônio
Published: July 2024

This analysis seeks to deepen and densify the role of the Independent Verifier. It starts with governance guidelines, analysis of the normative and regulatory framework of the aforementioned agent and the dispute board to assist in this construction. We argue that the Independent Verifier can and should be seen as a governance agent and a balancing agent. It, with the use of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, presents itself as a necessary balancing mechanism to make incompleteness and the dynamics of long-term contracts endogenous.
Investigating post-translational modifications of B-Raf in cancer
Authors:   , Williams Jack
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate B-Raf, a protein that when mutated, is a driver of melanoma and colorectal cancer. This study aimed to determine if a particular protein modification process, SUMOylation, facilitated and contributed to B-Raf’s oncogenic function and if it would therefore be a targetable mechanism for new anti-cancer approaches. This study concluded that in selected cancer cells lines overexpressing SUMO proteins, B-Raf was observed to be SUMO-1ylated. Additionally, mutations at key predicted SUMOylation sites within B-Raf caused a reduction in tumorigenic factors such as protein signalling, stability, and cell proliferation.
Travel demand analytics of Shared E-Scooter using econometric models
Authors:   , Mallela Sarah
Published: July 2024

The adoption of Shared E-Scooters presents multifaceted challenges, impacting diverse stakeholders across a wide cross-disciplinary network. Despite its potential, full-scale integration in global cities remains uncertain due to various factors. This thesis focuses on analysing and understanding the travel demand component of Shared E-Scooters within three main objectives: (i) spatial demand, (ii) temporal demand, and (iii) trip duration mechanism. Employing econometric modelling at both aggregate and individual levels, the study utilises a data utilisation algorithm to capture accurate trip information. The findings yield demand-specific insights, highlighting key attributes and extending recommendations to stakeholders involved in Shared E-Scooter research.
Exploring STEM disciplinary differences in students' university study decisions
Authors:   , Shirmohammadi Mahsa
Published: July 2024

Attracting students to study science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) remains a challenge. Significant research investigates STEM as a whole, with a gap in comparing individual STEM disciplines and double STEM degrees. Drawing on Social Cognitive Career Theory, this study investigated the relationship between various factors and student decisions to study different STEM disciplines at university. Survey responses of 921 first-year STEM students at Queensland University of Technology were analysed. It uncovered similarities and differences among the disciplines for gender, mathematical skill perceptions, and senior subject preferences. Strategies were recommended for enhancing STEM curriculum, transition support, and career guidance.
Social media influencers as a marketing channel: A taxonomy
Authors:   , Vu Van Canh
Published: July 2024

Social media influencers (SMIs) have grown exponentially in their online presence and roles, but existing classifications lack a robust method for assessing their marketing potential. This thesis establishes the first validated taxonomy of SMI characteristics, based on Reach and Impact perspectives, and methodologically advances taxonomy development through hermeneutic review integration and transparent validation processes. The findings significantly expand social media marketing theories by providing a systematic conceptualization of influencer marketing and addressing theoretical gaps in its rapidly evolving stage. Moreover, the taxonomy facilitates more effective brand-SMI collaboration, offering influencers a roadmap to amplify their real-world influence.
Combined recycled waste glass and hemp as aggregate replacement in geopolymer concrete
Authors:   , Rahman Moin
Published: July 2024

Advancing towards net zero emissions necessitates utilizing recycled materials and implementing carbon sequestration in concrete construction. This study focused on advancing geopolymer concrete (GPC) using recycled waste-glass (WG) and hemp fibre as fine aggregate replacements. Binders from precursor materials like fly ash (FA) were activated with fixed molarity alkali activators. It examined the effects of different binder ratios, silica modulus, curing conditions, and periods on GPC’s mechanical properties at paste and mortar levels. Key findings showed an increase in compressive strength with WG replacement only, and optimal strength achieved when combined along with selective hemp fibre replacement.
Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Matematis Siswa Dan Rasa Ingin Tahu Siswa Pada Pembelajaran Open Ended di SMP Negeri 1 Naman Teran
Authors: Sembiring Susanty Br , Hasratuddin Hasratuddin
Published: July 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui apakah kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa yang diberi pembelajaran open ended lebih baik dari pembelajaran biasa. Penelitian eksperimen ialah salah satu penelitian kuantitatif dimana peneliti memanipulasi satu atau lebih variable bebas, mengontrol variabel lain yang relevan, dan mengamati efek dari manipulasi pada variabel terikat. Murid dalam penelitian ini ialah murid kelas VII – 1 (kelas eksperimen) yang berjumlah 22 murid dan VII–2 (kelas kontrol) yang berjumlah 23 murid. Lembar tes kemampuan berpikir digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data. Tes kemampuan berpikir kreatif dilaksanakan dua kali ialah sebelum dan sesudah pembelajaran menggunakan pendekatan open ended yang sering disebut dengan PreTest dan PostTest. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan pendekatan open ended lebih baik dari pembelajaran biasa terhadap berpikir kreatif siswa dan rasa ingin tahu siswa, Kemampuan berpikir kreatif dan rasa ingin tahu secara simultan terhadap model open ended ialah sebesar 0,000 < 0,05 dan nilai Fhitung 152,126 > Ftabel 3,49, sehingga terdapat perbedaan dan lebih baik kemampuan berpikir kreatif dan rasa ingin tahu secara simultan terhadap model open ended. Selain itu pada uji hipotesis dilihat bahwa nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,119 yang berarti nilai tersebut lebih besar dari 0,05 maka H0 diterima dan Ha ditolak. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan secara signifikan antara kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa dan rasa ingin tahu siswa dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran open ended dan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa dan rasa ingin tahu siswa menggunakan model pembelajaran biasa.
Penggunaan Kamus Dwibahasa Sebagai Sumber Belajar Dalam Penguasaan Kosakata Bahasa Arab Mahasiswa Prodi Biologi UINSU Medan
Authors: Lubis Farhan Mubarok , Zaini Hisyam
Published: July 2024

This research aims to explore the use of bilingual dictionaries as a learning resource in mastering Arabic vocabulary by Biology Study Program students at the North Sumatra State Islamic University (UINSU) Medan. The background to this research is based on the importance of mastering Arabic vocabulary in supporting understanding of religious and scientific literature, especially in the UINSU academic environment which integrates Islamic knowledge and science. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach. Data was obtained through interviews, observations, and Google forms given to students as well as analysis of related documents. The research results show that the use of a bilingual dictionary significantly helps students understand and expand their Arabic vocabulary. Bilingual dictionaries are effective tools in the learning process, facilitating the translation of technical and scientific terms, as well as improving communication skills in Arabic. This research concludes that the integration of the use of bilingual dictionaries in the curriculum and teaching and learning activities is highly recommended to improve Arabic language mastery of Biology Study Program students at UINSU Medan.
Identification and application of indicators for the assessment of pumped hydro storage projects with renewable energy generation
Authors: N. Naval  , M.P. Martínez  , J.M Yusta
Published: July 2024

Pumped hydro storage is crucial in Europe's energy strategy to achieve a 100% renewable energy-based electricity system by 2050. As a consequence of the large number of factors involved and the variety of criteria included in a proper assessment of renewable generation projects with pumped hydro storage, this paper aims to identify and calculate technical, economic, environmental and social indicators in order to provide a tool to improve the decision-making process in this type of large-scale projects.
IMPACT OF SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION ON THE RISK OF DEVELOPING ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE AND LETHALITY IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19
Authors: VOENNOV O. , ZUBEEV P. , MOKROV K. , FEDOROV M. , GUNDERChUK O.
Published: July 2024

The article is dedicated to the risk assessment of developing acute respiratory failure and lethal outcome in patients with COVID-19 and manifested systemic inflammatory response.
MEDICAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS OF IMPROVING EFFICIENCY OF THE PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTRIPSY IN PATIENTS WITH UROLITHIASIS IN THE HOSPITALS WITH PRIVATE OWNERSHIP
Authors: SARKISYaN A. , ShAPOVALENKO T. , DARENKOV S. , GEVORKYaN A. , AGAMOV Z.
Published: July 2024

Implementation of some medical and organizational methods of the accelerated postoperative recovery concept is actually aimed at the improvement of postoperative treatment efficiency and shortening patients’ stay in hospital. It is particularly important for the hospitals with private ownership.
ESTABLISHMENT OF A SIMULATION WORKSHOP TO PREPARE MEDICAL RESIDENTS FOR PRIMARY SPECIALIZED ACCREDITATION
Authors: ShABUNIN A. , LOGVINOV Yu. , BERSENEVA E. , ORLOVSKAYa A.
Published: July 2024

The article is based on the current regulatory legal documentation in the field of accreditation of the healthcare specialists in Russia and positive experience of establishment of a simulation workshop to prepare second-year medical residents of the S.P. Botkin City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow Health Department for the second stage of the primary specialized accreditation – assessment of practical skills (capabilities) under simulated conditions
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CASSAVA STARCH-BASED WOOD ADHESIVES
Authors: Olaoti S. O. , Latinwo G. K.
Published: July 2024

Adhesive technology has long played a pivotal role in various industries, from construction to packaging, with substantial global consumption. However, the over-reliance on petrochemical-based adhesives has raised concerns about environmental impact and cost. This research aims to develop eco-friendly, cost-effective adhesive alternatives using cassava starch, a renewable agricultural resource. The preparation and characterization of wood adhesives from cassava starch involved several phases, beginning with the extraction of starch from cassava tubers, followed by proximate analysis, chemical synthesis, and production of adhesives by blending extracted cassava starch with a gelatinization enhancer (hydrochloric acid/sodium hydroxide) and a viscosity enhancer, sodium tetraborate (Borax) while being heated and stirred on a magnetic stirrer kept at 80 ℃ and 250 rpm. Further characterization was done by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) on the adhesive, giving information about the functional groups present in the adhesive. The extracted cassava starch was tested to contain about 7.924% moisture, 1.180% ash, 6.916% crude protein, 0.283% crude fat, 1.737% crude fiber, and 81.962% carbohydrates. The FTIR spectrum showed a strong band with strong intensity at 3392 cm-1, this signal indicates an O-H stretch indicating the presence of a hydroxyl group among others. In conclusion, the findings from this research suggest that cassava starch holds great promise as a renewable and sustainable raw material for wood adhesive production.
Komizm a dizajn. Śmiech jako krytyka i terapia
Authors: Yelavich Susan
Published: July 2024

Mistakenly underrated, as comedy always is, the work of design’s tricksters is overdue for a considered appraisal. This paper looks at design that uses the tactics of humor – among them incongruity, absurdity, and exaggeration – to trigger emotional responses. Historical and contemporary examples are framed within the cultural frameworks of nature, the human body, animality, politics, and religion, both for their uncanny effects and their larger capacities to illuminate our relationships with things. Ranging in intent from calculated schadenfreude to pleasure-giving surprises, design that operates on comedy can work as a sudden shock or a slow burn that tells the brain and body that something’s amiss. Whether as critique or therapy or both, design that is comically unpredictable liberates us from the tyranny of the status quo and offers an antidote to complacency. Keywords: comedy, design, therapy, critique, laughter