bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-inflammatory effects of 1-isothiocyanato-7-(methylsulfonyl) heptane by suppressing the NFκ-B signaling pathway
Authors: Lim Haesoon , Kim Hye Joung , Jeong Hana , Park Hae-Ryoung
Published: July 2017

The anti-inflammatory roles of I7456 (1-isothiocyanato-7-(methylsulfonyl) heptane or 7-methylsulfonylheptyl isothiocyanate), a plant-derived and sulfur-containing isothiocyanate, were investigated. When macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), nitric oxide (NO) increased. However, NO was remarkably reduced upon I7456 treatment. I7456 strongly reduced the expression of IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, and iNOS. Interestingly, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was strongly induced without LPS challenge. LPS-induced NFκ-B (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) translocation into the nucleus was inhibited by I7456 in a dose-dependent manner. I7456 markedly reduced the phosphorylation level of IκB, and NFκ-B remained inactivated. I7456 could play important roles in anti-inflammatory responses and have implications for anticancer treatments.
A structural similarity-inspired performance assessment model for multisensor image registration algorithms
Authors: Jiao Jichao , Li Wenyi , Deng Zhongliang , Arain Qasim Ali
Published: July 2017

In order to assess the performance of multisensor image registration algorithms that are used in the multirobot information fusion, we propose a model based on structural similarity whose name is vision registration assessment model. First of all, this article introduces a new image concept named superimposed image for testing subjective and objective assessment methods. Therefore, we assess the superimposed image but not the registered image, which is different from previous image registration assessment methods that usually use reference and sensed images. Then, we calculate eight assessment indicators from different aspects for superimposed images. After that, vision registration assessment model fuses the eight indicators using canonical correlation analysis, which is used for evaluating the quality of an image registration results in different aspects. Finally, three kinds of images which include optical images, infrared images, and SAR images are used to test vision registration assessment model. After evaluating three state-of-the-art image registration methods, experiments indict that the proposed structural similarity-motivated model achieved almost same evaluation results with that of the human object with the consistency rate of 98.3%, which shows that vision registration assessment model is efficient and robust for evaluating multisensor image registration algorithms. Moreover, vision registration assessment model is independent of the emotional factors and outside environment, which is different from the human.
Distributed and collaborative real-time vehicle detection and classification over the video streams
Authors: Kul Seda , Eken Süleyman , Sayar Ahmet
Published: July 2017

Traffic surveillance cameras are widely used in traffic management and information systems. Processing streaming media in real time is resource and time-consuming processes and even impossible to realize in most real-world applications. To overcome the performance problems in such applications, this article introduces a middleware system based on pub/sub messaging protocol and a dispatcher to preprocess the streams in real time. Experimental results show that proposed middleware may be utilized in different areas such as infrastructure planning, traffic management, and prevention of traffic offenses.
School leadership in Latin America 2000–2016
Authors: Flessa Joseph , Bramwell Daniela , Fernandez Magdalena , Weinstein José
Published: July 2017

School site leadership has commanded the attention of researchers and policymakers in Anglo-American jurisdictions for at least two decades, but little is known about how many other parts of the globe have addressed this topic. This paper reviews published research and policy documents related to school leadership in Latin America between 2000–2016. Applying rapid mapping techniques used for scoping studies, we review 359 research and policy documents and give ‘coherent, meaningful shape’ to what we know and what we don’t know about school leadership in the region. Attention in research and policy to school leadership in Latin America was relatively slow to arrive: whilst it grew steadily in the first decade of this century it remains low compared to other regions of the world. We provide an overview of the school leadership policy environment in several countries, describing recruitment, selection, evaluation, and job responsibilities of principals; relevant leadership frameworks; and requirements for training or professional development. We speculate on what might explain the diverse ways that school leadership has been taken up in the region: degree of school system centralization; policy borrowing; stage of development; technocratic problem solving; and neoliberal accountability.
Asparagine preserves intestinal barrier function from LPS-induced injury and regulates CRF/CRFR signaling pathway
Authors: Zhu Huiling , Pi Dingan , Leng Weibo , Wang Xiuying , Hu Chien-An Andy , Hou Yongqing , Xiong Jianglin , Wang Chunwei , Qin Qin , Liu Yulan
Published: July 2017

Stress causes intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction. Corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF)/CRF receptor (CRFR) signaling pathway has been shown to be important for stress-induced intestinal mucosal alteration. L-Asparagine (ASN) is a powerful stimulator of ornithine decarboxylase and cell proliferation in a variety of cell types, including colonic cells. In the present study, we investigated whether dietary ASN supplementation could alleviate the damage of intestinal barrier function caused by LPS through modulation of CRF/CRFR signaling pathway. Twenty-four weaned pigs were randomly divided into one of four treatments: (1) non-challenged control; (2) Escherichia coli LPS challenged control; (3) LPS + 0.5% ASN; (4) LPS + 1.0% ASN. LPS stress induced villous atrophy, intestinal morphology disruption and decreased claudin-1 expression. ASN supplementation increased intestinal claudin-1 protein expression and alleviated villous atrophy and intestinal morphology impairment caused by LPS stress. In addition, ASN supplementation increased the number of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes and reversed the elevations of intestinal mast cell number and neutrophil number induced by LPS stress. Moreover, ASN decreased the mRNA expression of intestinal CRF, glucocorticoid receptors and tryptase. These results indicate that ASN attenuates intestinal barrier dysfunction induced by LPS stress, and regulates CRF/CRFR1 signaling pathway and mast cell activation.
Reslizumab in the treatment of inadequately controlled asthma in adults and adolescents with elevated blood eosinophils: clinical trial evidence and future prospects
Authors: Máspero Jorge
Published: July 2017

Eosinophils have long been implicated as playing a central role in the pathophysiology of asthma in many patients, and eosinophilic asthma is now recognized as an important asthma endotype. Eosinophil differentiation, maturation, migration, and survival are primarily under the control of interleukin-5 (IL-5). Reslizumab is a humanized monoclonal (immunoglobulin G4/κ) antibody that binds with high affinity to circulating human IL-5 and downregulates the IL-5 signaling pathway, potentially disrupting the maturation and survival of eosinophils. In 2016, an intravenous formulation of reslizumab was approved in the USA, Canada, and Europe as add-on maintenance treatment for patients aged ⩾18 years with severe asthma and with an eosinophilic phenotype. The efficacy of reslizumab as add-on intravenous therapy has been reported in several phase III studies in patients with inadequately controlled moderate-to-severe asthma and elevated blood eosinophil counts (⩾400 cells/µl). Compared with placebo, reslizumab was associated with significant improvements in clinical exacerbation rate, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, asthma symptoms and quality of life, and significant reductions in blood eosinophil counts. Reslizumab also demonstrated a favorable tolerability profile similar to that of placebo, with reported adverse events being mostly mild to moderate in severity. Ongoing studies are focusing on the evaluation of a subcutaneous formulation of reslizumab in patients with asthma and elevated eosinophil levels. This review discusses the preclinical and clinical trial data available on reslizumab, potential opportunities for predicting an early response to reslizumab, and future directions in the field of anti-IL-5 antibody therapy.
Predictors of mid-term prognosis and adverse factors in acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Liu Xin , Chang Suchi , Fu Cuiping , Huo Zhirong , Zhou Jing , Liu Chengying , Li Shanqun , Sun Aijun
Published: July 2017

Background:

To explore the differences in short and middle term adverse factors of pulmonary embolism (PE) outcome.

Methods:

This was a single-center retrospective study of inpatients admitted from Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, with first-time PE. Clinical data were collected from patients with objectively confirmed PE, and a 2-year follow up was conducted.

Results:

The sample contained 310 patients with PE, ranging in age from 18 to 86 years old (mean 63.28 ± 15.30) and including 165 men (53.2%) and 145 women (46.8%). Successful treatment was achieved in 285 cases (91.9%) and unsuccessful treatment turned out in 25 cases (8.1%). Logistical regression analysis showed that massive PE [odds ratio (OR) = 23.625, 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.248–89.333], hypoxemia (OR = 11.915, 95% CI 1.900–74.727), leukocytosis (OR = 9.120, 95% CI 2.227–37.349) and active cancer (OR = 6.142, 95% CI 1.233–30.587) were associated with a poor prognosis for acute PE in the short term (in hospital). Seventy-seven PE cases with complete electronic records were finally included in the follow up. Cox regression analysis showed that elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP, ⩾50 mmHg) (HR = 9.240, 95% CI, 2.307–37.013) and active cancer with PE (HR = 3.700, 95% CI, 1.010–13.562) were associated with an increased risk of mid-term mortality after a follow-up period of 2 years.

Conclusions:

Massive PE, hypoxemia, leukocytosis and active cancer may contribute to a poor prognosis for patients with acute PE in hospital. Elevated PASP and active cancer may negatively impact survival time and increase the risk of death for patients with acute PE after 2-year follow up. Short-term adverse factors of acute PE are not exactly the same as the mid-term risk factors of acute PE.
Using the 2011-16 Tours de France to refine prediction model and elicit racing strategies
Authors: Hobson Chad M , Goff John E
Published: July 2017

Every year our research group predicts winning times of all 21 Tour de France stages using a model that treats each stage as a series of inclined planes. We report here on our most recent modification to our model and its subsequent performance for the 2016 Tour de France, for which we predicted 14 stages to under 5% error, four of which were under 1% error. Our model is mainly focused on generating stage-time predictions, however, we also showcase how it accurately represents the rider speed throughout a given stage. We also report on the 2016 model’s performance applied to the last six Tours de France. This year’s model appears to have an accurate power function for the last four Tours de France; however, it over-predicted the power output for 2011 and 2012. We note a trend of better predictions for both mountain stages as well as stages occurring at the end of the race. We also provide a comparison of our current power model with an ideal power model to discuss these trends.
Design and manufacturing of a hybrid flax/carbon fiber composite bicycle frame
Authors: Amiri Ali , Krosbakken Taylor , Schoen William , Theisen Dennis , Ulven Chad A
Published: July 2017

Carbon fiber composite frames were first used in Tour de France in 1986. With recent growth in research and development of composite frames, carbon fiber composites have become more popular in bicycle industry where lightweight and high stiffness are of upmost importance. Unfortunately, carbon fiber is expensive and has low impact toughness. One method of overcoming this shortcoming is to hybridize carbon fiber with natural fibers such as flax. The benefit of using hybrid composites is that the advantages of one type of fiber can overcome the disadvantages of the other type of fiber. As a result, a balance in cost, performance, and sustainability could be achieved through proper composite material design. In this study, carbon fiber was hybridized with flax fiber in an effort to manufacture a bicycle frame with the high-performance characteristics of carbon fiber and low cost and renewability of flax fiber. In addition, vibration damping properties of flax fiber will result in a more comfortable ride. The results of mechanical tests of the frame material revealed that the manufactured frame possess similar or higher stiffness and strength as commercially available carbon, titanium, and aluminum frames while exhibiting superior vibration damping properties. All these were achieved with a lower cost compared to carbon composite frames while maintaining 40% biocontent.
Trigger finger
Authors: Katechia Devvrat , Gujral Sameer
Published: July 2017

Trigger finger is a common cause of hand pain. It is caused by stenosis at the level of the first annular (A1) pulley, which interrupts the smooth gliding of the underlying flexor tendons at the level of the metacarpophalangeal joint. Patients present with locking of the finger in flexion and clicking or snapping. It is important that GPs have an understanding of this condition, in order to help their patients deal with its sequelae. In this article the pathophysiology, clinical assessment and management of patients with suspected trigger finger are discussed.
Empowerment: challenges in measurement
Authors: Cross Ruth , Woodall James , Warwick-Booth Louise
Published: July 2017

Empowerment is core to health promotion; however, there is a lack of consensus in the wider literature as to how to define it and at what level it may occur. Definitional inconsistency inevitably leads to challenges in measuring empowerment; yet if it is as important as is claimed, this must be addressed. This paper discusses the complexities of measuring empowerment and puts forward a number of recommendations for researchers and policy makers as to how this can be achieved noting some of the tensions that may arise between theoretical considerations, research and practice. We argue that empowerment is a culturally and socially defined construct and that this should be taken into account in attempts to measure it. Finally we conclude that, in order to build up the evidence base for empowerment, there is a need for research clearly defining what it is and how it is being measured.
The influence of fatalistic beliefs on health beliefs among diabetics in Khartoum, Sudan: a comparison between Coptic Christians and Sunni Muslims
Authors: Hag Hamed Dana , Daniel Marguerite
Published: July 2017

Although there are many studies assessing the influence of religious beliefs on health they do not agree on whether the impact is positive or negative. More so, there is no consensus in the available literature on the definition of fatalism and what it means to individuals. In this phenomenological study we attempt to define what religious fatalism means to people living with diabetes in Khartoum, and how it affects their health beliefs, and how those beliefs affect their sense of coherence and generalized resistance resources, since salutogenesis is the guiding theory in this study. Three Copts and five Sunnis living with diabetes were interviewed, as well as a Coptic clergyman and a Sunni scholar. The semi-structured interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim for analysis. Thematic network analysis was used to code salient concepts into basic themes, organizing themes and global themes. The empirical findings are thus structured as the three global themes: (1) fatalism and free will; (2) health responsibility; (3) acceptance and coping. Fatalism was defined as events beyond an individual’s control where it is then the individual’s free will to seek healthy behavior. Thus health responsibility was stressed upon by the participants in this study as well as the clergyman and scholar. There is also the concept of ‘God doesn’t give one what one cannot handle’ that the participants relate to coping and acceptance. This study finds that the meaning of religious fatalism held by participants and religious clergy is not disempowering. The participants believe that they are responsible for their health. The meaning derived from fatalism is related to how they can accept what is beyond their control and cope with their health condition. Religious fatalism contributed to comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness in our participants’ response to diabetes.
Honest People Tend to Use Less—Not More—Profanity
Authors: de Vries Reinout E. , Hilbig Benjamin E. , Zettler Ingo , Dunlop Patrick D. , Holtrop Djurre , Lee Kibeom , Ashton Michael C.
Published: July 2017

This article shows that the conclusion of Feldman et al.’s (2017) Study 1 that profane individuals tend to be honest is most likely incorrect. We argue that Feldman et al.’s conclusion is based on a commonly held but erroneous assumption that higher scores on Impression Management Scales, such as the Lie Scale, are associated with trait dishonesty. Based on evidence from studies that have investigated (1) self-other agreement on Impression Management Scales, (2) the relation of Impression Management Scales with personality variables, and (3) the relation of Impression Management Scales with objective measures of cheating, we show that high scores on Impression Management Scales are associated with high—instead of low—trait honesty when measured in low-stakes conditions. Furthermore, using two data sets that included an “I never swear” item, we show that profanity use is negatively related to other reports of HEXACO honesty-humility and positively related to actual cheating.
We May Not Know What We Want, But Do We Know What We Need? Examining the Ability to Forecast Need Satisfaction in Goal Pursuit
Authors: Werner Kaitlyn M. , Milyavskaya Marina
Published: July 2017

Do we have the necessary perceptual abilities to set goals that are congruent with our own values and needs? In a prospective study, participants ( n =185) identified three goals that they planned to pursue throughout the week. For each goal, they then rated their motivation for pursuing it and made predictions about the extent to which goal attainment would satisfy their needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. One week later, participants rated their progress on each goal, as well as the actual need satisfaction they experienced. Using Bayesian analysis, we found support for our (null) hypothesis that participants predicted that their goals would satisfy their psychological needs, irrespective of goal self-concordance. While people sometimes overestimated need satisfaction, we found that people who pursued more self-concordant goals actually benefited more from their pursuits, both compared to others who pursued less concordant goals and among their own goals.
Scaffolds for retinal pigment epithelial cell transplantation in age-related macular degeneration
Authors: White Corina E , Olabisi Ronke M
Published: July 2017

In several retinal degenerative diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, the retinal pigment epithelium, a highly functionalized cell monolayer, becomes dysfunctional. These retinal diseases are marked by early retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction reducing its ability to maintain a healthy retina, hence making the retinal pigment epithelium an attractive target for treatment. Cell therapies, including bolus cell injections, have been investigated with mixed results. Since bolus cell injection does not promote the proper monolayer architecture, scaffolds seeded with retinal pigment epithelium cells and then implanted have been increasingly investigated. Such cell-seeded scaffolds address both the dysfunction of the retinal pigment epithelium cells and age-related retinal changes that inhibit the efficacy of cell-only therapies. Currently, several groups are investigating retinal therapies using seeded cells from a number of cell sources on a variety of scaffolds, such as degradable, non-degradable, natural, and artificial substrates. This review describes the variety of scaffolds that have been developed for the implantation of retinal pigment epithelium cells.
Pathways to experiencing mental problems and need for mental support in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Muntingh Anna D.T. , Gerritsen Sylvia , Batelaan Neeltje M. , Bogaard Harm Jan
Published: July 2017

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) affects the physical and emotional wellbeing of patients. More information is needed regarding mental problems and preferences for support. Qualitative interviews were used to explore mental problems and preference for support of PAH patients. Additionally, a survey was used to assess the presence of mental problems (Problem List), distress (Distress Thermometer) and the need for mental support. In 24 semi‐structured interviews, the following problem themes were identified: energy balance; loss of abilities; feeling misunderstood; and handling of worries and emotions. Need for support was based on an interplay between resilience to psychological distress, additional life problems, age, disease status, attitude towards professional help, and experienced support from significant others. The results from the survey highlight the need for professional support, as 50.8% of the 67 patients who completed the survey would consider support when offered, specifically when offered by a pulmonary hypertension (PH) professional. Younger age (odds ratio [OR] = 0.97, P = 0.04), depression (OR = 11.435, P = 0.001) and possibly anxiety (OR = 3.831, P = 0.069) were related to need for support. In conclusion, many patients with PAH are in need of mental support, which should be offered by a PH professional and tailored to phase of the disease and personal characteristics.
Incidence, treatment strategies and outcomes of acute coronary syndrome with and without ongoing myocardial ischaemia: results from the CZECH-3 registry
Authors: Tousek Petr , Staskova Klara , Mala Anna , Sluka Martin , Vodzinska Alexandra , Jancar Radek , Maluskova Denisa , Jarkovsky Jiri , Widimsky Petr
Published: July 2017

Background:

Patients with acute coronary syndrome with signs of ongoing myocardial ischaemia at first medical contact should be indicated for immediate invasive treatment.

Aim:

To assess the incidence, treatment strategies and outcomes of acute coronary syndrome in a large unselected cohort of patients with respect to the signs of ongoing myocardial ischaemia.

Methods:

The CZECH-3 registry included 1754 consecutive patients admitted for suspected acute coronary syndrome to 43 hospitals during a 2-month period in the autumn of 2015. Acute coronary syndrome with ongoing myocardial ischaemia was defined by the presence of persistent/recurrent chest pain/dyspnoea and at least one of the following: persistent ST-segment elevation or depression, bundle branch block, haemodynamic or electric instability due to suspected ischaemia. Major adverse cardiac events (death, reinfarction, stroke, unexpected revascularisation, stent thrombosis) and severe bleeding according to Bleeding Academic Research Consortium criteria were evaluated at 30 days.

Results:

Acute coronary syndrome was ruled out during the hospital stay in 434 (24.7%) patients. Out of 1280 patients with confirmed acute coronary syndrome, 732 (57%) had clinical signs of ongoing myocardial ischaemia at first medical contact. Coronary angiography was performed in 94.7% of patients with confirmed acute coronary syndrome with ongoing myocardial ischaemia and 89% of patients with confirmed acute coronary syndrome without ongoing myocardial ischaemia ( P<0.001). The major adverse cardiac event rate was 9.8% for patients with confirmed acute coronary syndrome with ongoing myocardial ischaemia and 5.5% for patients without ongoing myocardial ischaemia ( P=0.005), the 30-day severe bleeding rate was 1.6% and 1.5% ( P=1.0). Patients with ongoing myocardial ischaemia admitted to regional hospitals had higher major adverse cardiac event rates compared with patients admitted directly to cardiocentres with percutaneous coronary intervention capability (13.3% vs. 8.2%, P=0.034).

Conclusions:

Ongoing myocardial ischaemia was present in more than half of patients hospitalised with acute coronary syndrome. These very high-risk patients may benefit from direct admission to percutaneous coronary intervention-capable centres.
Prevalence and management of intrathecal morphine-induced pruritus in New Zealand Māori healthcare recipients
Authors: Woods Jennifer M , Lim Anecita Gigi
Published: July 2017

Aims and objectives:

The aim of this article was to determine whether the incidence of intrathecal morphine-induced pruritus (ITMI) was influenced by ethnicity, age or gender in relation to orthopaedic versus caesarean surgeries.

Background:

The use of intrathecal morphine for patients undergoing total hip and knee joint replacements and for lower segment caesarean sections (LSCS) has gained popularity worldwide since its introduction over 30 years ago. Several international studies show that morphine delivered via the intrathecal route is an effective and safe method of pain relief. However, while the beneficial effects of intrathecal morphine have been clearly documented in many studies, so also have the adverse effects, predominantly being nausea and vomiting, pruritus and respiratory depression. Pruritus is described as one of the most common adverse effects, with a reported incidence of 30–100%.

Design:

A retrospective study was conducted using data collected over a 21-month period on post-operative patients who had received intrathecal morphine as their post-operative pain management.

Methods:

A two-phased approach was undertaken. The study was conducted to determine the incidence of ITMI pruritus among two patient groups, New Zealand Māori and New Zealand European, 96 subjects in total, and if treatment was received.

Results:

The findings revealed significant ethnic disparities whereas New Zealand Māori had a significantly higher rate of ITMI pruritus than New Zealand European, New Zealand Māori experienced the pruritus with more intensity and are less likely to be treated for it.

Conclusion:

Increased international knowledge and awareness for health professionals around the diversities of ethnicity and associated pharmacogenetics playing a significant role in patient response to opioid therapy can lead to improved overall care and patient satisfaction.
Human intestinal epithelium in a dish: Current models for research into gastrointestinal pathophysiology
Authors: Noben Manuel , Vanhove Wiebe , Arnauts Kaline , Santo Ramalho Anabela , Van Assche Gert , Vermeire Séverine , Verfaillie Catherine , Ferrante Marc
Published: July 2017

Determining the exact pathogenesis of chronic gastrointestinal diseases remains difficult due to the complex in vivo environment. In this review we give an overview of the available epithelial cell culture systems developed to investigate pathophysiology of gastrointestinal diseases. Traditionally used two‐dimensional (2D) immortalised (tumour) cell lines survive long‐term, but are not genetically stable nor represent any human in particular. In contrast, primary cultures are patient unique, but short‐lived. Three‐dimensional (3D) organoid cultures resemble the crypt‐villus domain and contain all cell lineages, are long‐lived and genetically stable. Unfortunately, manipulation of the 3D organoid system is more challenging. Combining the 3D and 2D technologies may overcome limitations and offer the formation of monolayers on permeable membranes or flow‐chambers. Determining the right model to use will depend on the pathology of interest and the focus of the research, defining which cell types need to be included in the model.
Stimulating consumers’ creativity through analogical thinking: How can transfer distance and transfer content be matched?
Authors: Gotteland David , Merle Aurélie , Trendel Olivier
Published: July 2017

How can customers generate better ideas for new products or new services through analogical thinking? This creativity method comprises two steps: identifying source domains and transferring information from source domains to the target domain. The effect of transfer distance has been extensively studied, but the interaction between transfer distance and transfer content has not yet been considered. In two experiments, we show that the attractiveness of the ideas generated depends not only on the match (or mismatch) between transfer distance and transfer content but also on customers’ expertise in the target domain.
Social connectedness and political behavior
Authors: Reilly Jack Lyons
Published: July 2017

One of the focal points of social networks research has been the process by which individuals utilize information and cues from their social networks and communities to form political attitudes and make decisions about how and when to participate in politics. Not all individuals, however, have large social networks or are strongly connected to their local social environments. Furthermore, despite concerns about rising social isolation in American society, the role that relatively socially disconnected individuals play in politics is not well understood. Using a nationally representative data set with information about communities, social networks, and individual-level variables, this paper examines social connectedness and political behavior. Those who are more socially isolated, it is found, are neither more conservative nor liberal on any particular political issues, but clearly participate in politics less than individuals who are well connected to those around them. Finally, while individual political ideology is not correlated with isolation, the contextual influence of the local environment on individual preferences is correlated with social connectedness. When compared with well connected citizens, individuals who are more isolated are less likely to have their vote choices influenced by those around them. Individual social connectedness conditions the effect of contextual social influence.
Concomitant multiple myeloma and probable phaeochromocytoma in a cat
Authors: Cervone Mario
Published: July 2017

Case summary

Herein a drug-resistant IgG-lambda-type multiple myeloma associated with probable phaeochromocytoma in a cat is described. A 12-year-old cat presented with weakness, weight loss, progressive blindness and open-mouth breathing, in addition to polyuria and polydipsia of 2 months’ duration. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a left adrenal mass. Phaeochromocytoma was suspected on the basis of cytology and was associated with systemic hypertension. Biochemistry showed hyperproteinaemia. Serum protein electrophoresis revealed a narrow spike in the gamma region, identified as IgG lambda type at immunoelectrophoresis. Bone marrow cytology revealed an infiltrate with numerous mature plasma cells. The cat was resistant to two different drugs for multiple myeloma and was euthanased 6 months later because of anorexia and persistent poor general condition.

Relevance and novel information

This is the first clinical description of multiple myeloma associated with a suspected phaeochromocytoma in a cat.
Swadeshi
Authors: Ahmed Jashim Uddin , Faroque Anisur R
Published: July 2017

Fashion has played a vital role in encouraging the traditional aspect of Bangladesh through national products or through international markets for garments. Though Bangladesh is widely known for its large-scale, low-cost and capital-efficient readymade garments sector, the national market offers clothing attires that appeal to individuals with new trends in fashion. Keeping such a culture and tradition in the centre of fashion, an integration of eight local fashion houses under a single roof, exhibiting a trend of cooperation and competition in exploiting together, started a collaborative approach known as ‘ Swadeshi’. This paper provides the background, detailed analysis on the evolution and success story, and outcome of the strategic negotiation between the eight competitors of these fashion houses under ‘ Swadeshi’. Finally, the paper examines how other similar industries engaging in such collaborated competition can be new avenue of further research.
Soundmapping as critical cartography: Engaging publics in listening to the environment
Authors: Droumeva Milena
Published: July 2017

There is a kind of growing new media practice of capturing and mapping sound and an emergent global community of listeners interested in engaging with sounds of the environment, urban space, habitats and biospheres. Between user-driven Instagramming our everyday audio-visual experiences and professionally curated sound installations, there is an emergent space and a global audience for listening to ‘soundmaps’ of local and global environments. Sometimes interlinked and sometimes disparate, these communities connect to wider communities of practice and (environmental) activism in the context of social media, new media production and participatory cultures. There are also growing research initiatives that take up soundmapping as a way of inquiring into pressing spatial, geo-political and cultural issues primarily in cities and also in the endangered wilds. Interest in sound in a variety of interdisciplinary fields has grown exponentially over the last few decades. This article will externalize and analyse the frames of several emergent communities and their organizing themes as nascent in new media culture, and social networks specifically, as they intersect with phonography, creative soundmaking and ‘citizen science. By pointing out normative logics embedded in the practice of soundmapping, I then work towards a language of critical soundmapping by way of three examples that I suggest function as alternative forms of representation of and communication about sound environments: (1) the curated initiative Cities and Memory, (2) the creative research project London Sound Survey and (3) the climate change project Biosphere Soundscapes.
Problems of actuality in meal and nutrition care: Nurses’ perceptions of transfer of knowledge between different care settings
Authors: Krogh Line Hesselvig , Beck Anne Marie , Kristensen Niels Heine , Hansen Mette Weinreich
Published: July 2017

This study is based on an issue in nurses’ meal and nutrition care, relating to nurses’ perceptions of transfer of knowledge between different care settings. Through the notion ‘problems of actuality’, the aim is to identify how and why different methods in care may complicate preventive effort related to undernutrition among older adults. It is a qualitative study that lends itself to ethnography and ethnomethodology, with data collected through the use of semi-structured interviews and insights into patients’ medical charts. Through explications of nurses’ methods in meal and nutrition care, and how this work is accomplished within each setting, the study identifies that the different methods involved in meal and nutrition care (defined respectively as social-bodily care and text-based care), create problems in the transfer of knowledge between different care settings. Due to disconnection between social-bodily care work and text-based care work, there is a lack of transfer of knowledge, through which important parts of meal and nutrition care work become invisible. The study finds a need for noticing the disjuncture between social-bodily care and text-based care and for both methods of care, to be recognized as methods that support a delivery of care.
An Interesting Case of a Bilious Pleural Effusion
Authors: van Niekerk Christoffel , Fan Kelly , Sarcon Anna , Luu Bao
Published: July 2017

Malignant pleural effusions are common complications in patients with primary or metastatic cancer to the lungs. In this article, we describe a unique case of a patient with history of diffuse pulmonary metastases from gallbladder adenocarcinoma who acutely developed a bilious pleural effusion following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. We believe the bilious pleural effusion (cholethorax or bilothorax) developed as a complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography rather than tumor burden causing a fistula from the biliary tree to the right pleural space. We discuss possible mechanisms of formation of the bilious pleural effusion in our patient and present a literature review of previously reported cases of bilious pleural effusions.
Trust in the Bayou City: Do Racial Segregation and Discrimination Matter for Generalized Trust?
Authors: Douds Kiara , Wu Jie
Published: July 2017

The key role that generalized trust plays in social capital formation is well documented, but its determinants are not well understood. Many studies suggest that racially and ethnically diverse areas have lower generalized trust than more homogeneous areas, but evidence regarding the impact of the spatial arrangement of racial and ethnic groups is not conclusive. Further, while scholars theorize that discrimination may play a role in racial trust gaps, no study has empirically supported this linkage. We examine the impact of racial residential segregation and perceived discrimination on generalized trust in two highly diverse Texas counties using data from the 2014 Kinder Houston Area Survey. Results indicate that perceived racial discrimination negatively impacts trust and may mediate the black-white trust gap, whereas racial segregation is positively associated with trust. Additionally, having an interracial friendship, one form of bridging ties, moderates the segregation-trust relationship such that, up to a certain level of segregation, having an interracial friendship increases one’s likelihood of trusting others. Together, these results provide insight into processes that generate or sustain the general trust that makes social capital formation possible and point to the continuing importance of race in shaping experiences and outcomes in modern American society.
Spatial imaginaries of adaptation governance: A public perspective
Authors: Waters Elissa , Barnett Jon
Published: July 2017

While there is a growing literature on the institutional and scalar aspects of governance for adaptation, there remain very few studies that seek to explain how the public imagines the governance of adaptation across scales. Knowing public imaginaries of adaptation governance is important for the legitimacy and efficacy of adaptation processes. In this paper, we explain how the public imagines the governance of adaptation across scales, based on 80 in-depth interviews with coastal residents in south-eastern Australia. We find an overwhelming preference for government leadership on adaptation, little appetite for exclusively non-government responsibility regimes, and limited desire for shared public/private responsibility regimes. Participant responses indicate a broad preference for a multilevel government governance model, with responsibility weighted at local and national scales. This preference for a strong but distributed government function is at odds with the emerging tendency of governments to shift the weight of responsibility for adaptation down to local governments and to private actors.
Impact-based planning evaluation: Advancing normative criteria for policy analysis
Authors: Shahab Sina , Clinch J Peter , O’Neill Eoin
Published: July 2017

Planning decisions have considerable impacts on both natural and built environments. The impacts of these decisions may remain for many decades and many are irreversible. In order to gain a better understanding of these long-standing impacts, planners require a systematic approach to evaluate the planning policy instruments utilised. The literature on planning evaluation shows that most studies have taken a conformance-based evaluation approach, where the success of a planning policy instrument is based on the degree of conformity between the policy outcomes and its intended objectives. While evaluating such criteria is necessary, it is hardly ever sufficient largely because of unintended effects. This paper proposes an impact-based approach to planning evaluation that incorporates all the impacts, intended and otherwise, that a planning policy instrument may bring about, irrespective of the initial objectives of the policy. Using a number of economic and planning theories, this paper argues that, in addition to conformance and performance, other normative evaluation criteria, such as, efficiency, equity, social and political acceptability, and institutional arrangements, should be included to emphasise the importance of planning decisions and their substantial impacts on quality of life, social justice, and sustainability.
Effects of spatial access to neighborhood land-use density on housing prices: Evidence from a multilevel hedonic analysis in Seoul, South Korea
Authors: Kang Chang-Deok
Published: July 2017

Attaining a mixture and diversity of land use within walkable neighborhoods is an essential principle within contemporary urban planning and design. Empirical studies by New Urbanists argue that mixed land use, neo-traditional, and walkable neighborhoods yield socioeconomic benefits and generate a substantial premium in residential property prices. However, few studies apply reliable metrics to capture the connections among urban form, the spatial distribution of land use, and travel behavior and then value their combined effects on housing prices. To bridge this gap, this study calculates the metrics of spatial accessibility and centrality, combining street nodes, networks, and built density by land use type within walkable neighborhoods. We investigate empirically the extent to which residents value spatial accessibility and centrality to residential, commercial, office, and industrial space regarding housing prices in Seoul, South Korea in 2010. The multilevel hedonic price models used suggest that residents highly value urban settings that access larger volumes of commercial and residential buildings in densely spaced areas along dense street networks. However, homeowners respond negatively to higher access to industrial property and weakly to office space. This analysis identifies the value of spatial access to heterogeneous land-use density in housing prices and provides policy implications for land use, transportation, and urban design.
Selective factor VIII activation by the tissue factor–factor VIIa–factor Xa complex
Authors: Kamikubo Yuichi , Mendolicchio G. Loredana , Zampolli Antonella , Marchese Patrizia , Rothmeier Andrea S. , Orje Jennifer Nagrampa , Gale Andrew J. , Krishnaswamy Sriram , Gruber András , Østergaard Henrik , Petersen Lars C. , Ruf Wolfram , Ruggeri Zaverio M.
Published: July 2017

Publisher's Note: There is an Inside Blood Commentary on this article in this issue.
Th17 immune microenvironment in Epstein-Barr virus–negative Hodgkin lymphoma: implications for immunotherapy
Authors: Duffield Amy S. , Ascierto Maria Libera , Anders Robert A. , Taube Janis M. , Meeker Alan K. , Chen Shuming , McMiller Tracee L. , Phillips Neil A. , Xu Haiying , Ogurtsova Aleksandra , Berger Alan E. , Pardoll Drew M. , Topalian Suzanne L. , Ambinder Richard F.
Published: July 2017

Key Points

CHL broadly expresses the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, but EBV+ CHL displays a Th1 profile, whereas EBV− tumors have a pathogenic Th17 profile. These findings support further studies to define the role of the IL-23/IL-17 axis in CHL response/resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy.
Building indeterminacy modelling – the ‘ZCB Bamboo Pavilion’ as a case study on nonstandard construction from natural materials
Authors: Crolla Kristof
Published: July 2017

If unprocessed natural materials are the most environmentally friendly construction materials available, how do we develop and communicate design model and construction information that allows dealing with their volatile indeterminacies?

This paper discusses the design and development of the ‘ZCB Bamboo Pavilion’, a 30-metres-spanning, light-weight, bending-active gridshell from hand-tied bamboo poles, as a case study for the computational design and building information modelling of nonstandard architecture where both applied materials and employed craftsmanship are highly unpredictable in terms of accuracy and precision.

Reflective practice and participatory action research are used to extract knowledge on and challenge the environment of practice, and improve design and construction strategies. The project is used to discuss how traditional construction can be augmented through the strategic injection of computation in the design and construction process, how computation allows for a different mode of collaboration with increased impact for the designer, and how bespoke building information models enable an expanded architectural design solution space.

The paper concludes by arguing for a mode of digital design practice that more proactively operates within a field of real-world indeterminacy. The risk and ambiguity of working with indeterminacies are to be strategically balanced out against idealised digital set-ups and onsite opportunities.
Insights into Cedecea neteri strain M006 through complete genome sequence, a rare bacterium from aquatic environment
Authors: Chan Kok-Gan , Tan Wen-Si
Published: July 2017

Cedecea neteri M006 is a rare bacterium typically found as an environmental isolate from the tropical rainforest Sungai Tua waterfall (Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia). It is a Gram-reaction-negative, facultative anaerobic, bacillus. Here, we explore the features of Cedecea neteri M006, together with its genome sequence and annotation. The genome comprised 4,965,436 bp with 4447 protein-coding genes and 103 RNA genes.
Comparison of ISS, NISS, and RTS score as predictor of mortality in pediatric fall
Authors: Soni Kapil Dev , Mahindrakar Santosh , Gupta Amit , Kumar Subodh , Sagar Sushma , Jhakal Ashish
Published: July 2017

Background

Studies to identify an ideal trauma score tool representing prediction of outcomes of the pediatric fall patient remains elusive. Our study was undertaken to identify better predictor of mortality in the pediatric fall patients.

Methods

Data was retrieved from prospectively maintained trauma registry project at level 1 trauma center developed as part of Multicentric Project—Towards Improving Trauma Care Outcomes (TITCO) in India. Single center data retrieved from a prospectively maintained trauma registry at a level 1 trauma center, New Delhi, for a period ranging from 1 October 2013 to 17 February 2015 was evaluated. Standard anatomic scores Injury Severity Score (ISS) and New Injury Severity Score (NISS) were compared with physiologic score Revised Trauma Score (RTS) using receiver operating curve (ROC).

Results

Heart rate and RTS had a statistical difference among the survivors to nonsurvivors. ISS, NISS, and RTS were having 50, 50, and 86% of area under the curve on ROCs, and RTS was statistically significant among them.

Conclusions

Physiologically based trauma score systems (RTS) are much better predictors of inhospital mortality in comparison to anatomical based scoring systems (ISS and NISS) for unintentional pediatric falls.