bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A phase 1 study to evaluate the safety, pharmacology, and feasibility of continuous infusion nelarabine in patients with relapsed and/or refractory lymphoid malignancies
Authors: Boddu Prajwal C. , Senapati Jayastu , Ravandi‐Kashani Farhad , Jabbour Elias J. , Jain Nitin , Ayres Mary , Chen Yuling , Keating Michael J. , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Gandhi Varsha , Kadia Tapan M.
Published: November 2022

Background

Nelarabine is a purine nucleoside analogue prodrug approved for the treatment of relapsed and refractory T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R T‐ALL) and lymphoblastic lymphoma (T‐LBL). Although effective in R/R T‐ALL, significant neurotoxicity is dose‐limiting and such neurotoxicity associated with nucleoside analogues can be related to dosing schedule.

Methods

The authors conducted a phase 1 study to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of nelarabine administered as a continuous infusion (CI) for 5 days (120 hours), rather than the standard, short‐infusion approach.

Results

Twenty‐nine patients with R/R T‐ALL/LBL or T‐cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T‐PLL) were treated, with escalating doses of nelarabine from 100 to 800 mg/m2/day × 5 days. The median age of the patients was 39 years (range, 14–77 years). The overall response rate was 31%, including 27% complete remission (CR) or CR with incomplete platelet recovery (CRp). Peripheral neuropathy was observed in 34% of patients, including four ≥grade 3 events related to nelarabine. Notably, there was no nelarabine‐related central neurotoxicity on study. The maximum tolerated dose was not reached. Pharmacokinetic data suggested no relationship between dose of nelarabine and accumulation of active intracellular ara‐GTP metabolite. Higher intracellular ara‐GTP concentrations were statistically associated with a favorable clinical response.

Conclusion

Preliminary evaluation of continuous infusion schedule of nelarabine suggests that the safety profile is acceptable for this patient population, with clinical activity observed even at low doses and could broaden the use of nelarabine both as single agent and in combinations by potentially mitigating the risk of central nervous system toxicities.
Effective Production of Selected Dioxolanes by Sequential Bio‐ and Chemocatalysis Enabled by Adapted Solvent Switching
Authors: Spöring Jan‐Dirk , Wiesenthal Jan , Pfennig Victoria S. , Gätgens Jochem , Beydoun Kassem , Bolm Carsten , Klankermayer Jürgen , Rother Dörte
Published: November 2022

Most combinations of chemo‐ and biocatalysis take place in aqueous media or require a solvent change with complex intermediate processing. Using enzymes in the same organic solvent as the chemocatalyst eliminates this need. Here, it was shown that a complete chemoenzymatic cascade to form dioxolanes could be carried out in a purely organic environment. The result, including downstream processing, was compared with a classical mode, shifting solvent. First, a two‐step enzyme cascade starting from aliphatic aldehydes to chiral diols (3,4‐hexanediol and 4,5‐octanediol) was run either in an aqueous buffer or in the potentially biobased solvent cyclopentyl methyl ether. Subsequently, a ruthenium molecular catalyst enabled the conversion to dioxolanes [e. g., (4S,5S)‐dipropyl‐1,3‐dioxolane]. Importantly, the total synthesis of this product was not only highly stereoselective but also based on the combination of biomass, CO2, and hydrogen, thus providing an important example of a bio‐hybrid chemical.
Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling by Thermoplastic Polyurethane Wrapping Films with Controlled Hierarchical Porous Structures
Authors: Park Choyeon , Park Chanil , Park Sungmin , Lee Jaeho , Choi Jae‐Hak , Kim Yong Seok , Yoo Youngjae
Published: November 2022

Invited for this month's cover is a combined work of the Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology together with the Chungnam National University, the University of California, Irvine, and Chung‐Ang University. The cover shows the effective thermal management of a vehicle interior through the wrapping of stretchable passive radiative cooling film. Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) cooler film with a hierarchical porous structure shows a dramatic cooling effect compared to commercial paint in sunny, hot weather. The Research Article itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202201842.
A case of groove pancreatitis with duodenal stenosis successfully treated by endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided pancreaticogastrostomy
Authors: Ikemura Muneo , Tomishima Ko , Ota Hiroto , Kabemura Daishi , Ushio Mako , Fukuma Taito , Takahashi Sho , Suzuki Akinori , Takasaki Yusuke , Ito Koichi , Ishii Shigeto , Fujisawa Toshio , Isayama Hiroyuki
Published: November 2022

One of the reasons for groove pancreatitis is caused by the leakage of pancreatic juice into the space between the pancreatic head, descending duodenum, and common bile duct. Endoscopic drainage of Santorini's duct (SD) via the minor papilla is reportedly efficacious but can be difficult due to duodenal stenosis. We report Santorini's duct drainage using endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided pancreaticogastrostomy (EUS‐PGS) for a case of groove pancreatitis with gastric outlet obstruction. Gastric outlet obstruction was improved after 7 months of EUS‐PGS with internal drainage through the Santorini's duct/minor papilla. EUS‐PGS may be effective for treating groove pancreatitis with duodenal stenosis. This is the first report of groove pancreatitis with duodenal stenosis, the symptoms of which were improved by EUS‐PGS.
Role of oxide support in electrocatalytic nitrate reduction on Cu
Authors: Carvalho O. Quinn , Jones Sophia R. S. , Berninghaus Ashley E. , Hilliard Richard F. , Radniecki Tyler S. , Stoerzinger Kelsey A.
Published: November 2022

The electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) has the potential for distributed water treatment and renewable chemical synthesis. Cu is an active monometallic electrocatalyst for the NO3RR in acidic and alkaline electrolytes, where activity is limited by the reduction of adsorbed nitrate to nitrite. Oxygen‐vacancy forming metal‐oxide supports provide sites for N‐O bond activation in thermal reduction, impacting product distribution as well. Here we compare the electrochemical NO3RR activity of Cu deposited on two metal‐oxide supports (cerium dioxide [Cu/CeO2‐δ] and fluorine‐doped tin dioxide [Cu/FTO]) to a Cu foil benchmark. Considering activity in phosphate‐buffered neutral media, nitrate and adsorbed hydrogen compete for surface sites under NO3RR conditions. The less‐cathodic overpotential on Cu/CeO2‐δ compared to Cu/FTO is attributed to stronger nitrate adsorption, similar to thermal nitrate reduction. Utilization of CeO2‐δ as an electrocatalyst support slightly shifting product distribution toward more oxidized products, either by enhancing nitrate affinity or by a more dynamic process involving the formation and healing of oxygen vacancies (𝑣O••). These results suggest supporting catalysts on metal oxides may enhance activity by promoting the adsorption of anionic reactants on cathodic electrocatalysts.
Modeling and optimization of NO emission for a steam power plant by data‐driven methods
Authors: Movahed Paria , Rezazadeh Ali Akbar , Avami Akram , Soleymani Baghshah Mahdieh , Mashayekhi Mojtaba
Published: November 2022

The evolution of the power industry toward large‐scale automation and self‐monitoring provides the opportunity to optimize the technical and environmental performance of the plant with data‐driven methods with little changes in infrastructure. This article applies the artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic algorithm (GA) to predicting and optimizing NO emissions. Multiple linear regression models, correlation matrix, and research background are employed to find the most influential input features. The generated power, natural gas flow, the flow of gas recirculation fan, gas air heater temperature, and the amounts of oxygen in the stack are identified as the effective input features. Mean Square Error (MSE) and the coefficient of determination (R2) of best architecture (22 neurons in a hidden layer) are calculated 0.0117 and 0.96651, respectively. The Average Percentage Error (APE) is usually below 10%, meaning the model is in good agreement with real data. Finally, the Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to minimize the amount of NO emissions. The ANN‐GA techniques reduce the NO emission by at least 32% for selected records, enabling us to optimally find the prominent features affecting NO emission by the operational conditions and low economic costs.
Effect of biochar and attapulgite amendment on saline soil hydraulic parameters and shrinkage
Authors: Wu Keqian , Zhao Wenju , Ma Feng , Ma Hong , Cao Wei
Published: November 2022

Saline soil reduces soil productivity and exacerbates food security problem. Therefore, it is increasingly necessary to find sustainable farming practices for soil and water conservation. In this regard, conditioning the soil with biochar (BC) or attapulgite (ATP) has been proved as a feasible method of improving water conservation and soil hydraulic characteristics. However, the interactive effect of BC and ATP on saline soil is still unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of BC and/or ATP on water retention, pore size distribution, hydraulic characteristic parameter, and shrinkage strain of saline soil through laboratory trials. For this purpose, BC and/or ATP were added to the loam soil at three levels of 0%, 2%, and 4% by weight, and saturated in the sodium chloride solution with a concentration of 5 g L−1. Results showed that the Van Genuchten model accurately fitted the obtained soil water characteristic curve (R2 > 0.99). BC and/or ATP amendments increased saline soil water retention capacity compared to the unamended soil. Soil water retention capacity increased as the ATP application rate increased. The saturated water content, field water holding capacity, soil microporosity, and soil retention effect of 2%BC combined with 4%ATP were higher than other treatments. BC facilitated the reduction of soil shrinkage, and ATP increased soil shrinkage. Axial shrinkage strain was negatively correlated with the application rate of BC, and positively correlated with ATP. 4%BC combined with 2%ATP had the least shrinkage strain. The present results could serve as a theoretical foundation for soil amendments to improve soil quality.
Challenges in meeting QoS requirements toward 6G wireless networks: A state of the art survey
Authors: Ahmed Rezwana , Mahmood M. R. , Matin Mohammad Abdul
Published: November 2022

The 6G wireless network with its superior capabilities must be considered to accommodate the much more stringent quality of service (QoS) requirements of the numerous emerging applications and services in the future. Attempting to adhere these constraints raise various challenges that are required to be addressed and solved in order to realize the vision of a fully intelligent and automated future society. This article provides the key enabling technologies and future applications for 6G networks followed by a discussion on QoS. It also presents a state‐of‐the‐art survey on the challenges faced while trying to meet the QoS requirements regarding the time latency, throughput, connectivity, packet loss, and bandwidth, together with possible solutions to handle various constraints. A discussion on user satisfaction estimation from QoS analysis is also included. Finally, the article concludes with future research opportunities in meeting the QoS constraints of the 6G network.
Comparative Study of the Effective Properties of 0–3 and Gyroid Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Cement‐Piezocomposites
Authors: Karmakar Saptarshi , Kiran Raj , Vaish Rahul , Chauhan Vishal Singh , Ahmed Samia Ben , Boukhris Imed , Hwang Wonseop , Sung Tae Hyun , Kumar Anuruddh
Published: November 2022

In the present numerical simulation work, effective elastic and piezoelectric properties are calculated and a comparative study is conducted on a cement matrix‐based piezocomposite with 0–3 and gyroid triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) inclusions. The present study compares the effective properties of different piezoelectric materials having two different types of connectivity of the inclusions namely, 0–3 inclusions where the inclusions are physically separated from each other and are embedded within the matrix and the second one is TPMS inclusions having interpenetrating phase type connectivity. Effective properties are calculated for four different materials at five different volume fractions namely, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% volume fractions of inclusion by volume. In terms of effective properties and direct piezoelectric effect, TPMS piezocomposite is found to perform better compared to 0–3 piezocomposite. Lead‐free piezoelectric material 0.5Ba(Ca0.8Zr0.2)O3 − 0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 demonstrates better performance compared to all other material inclusions studied. The present study attempts to highlight improved piezoelectric effective properties of lead‐free material‐based piezocomposites with TPMS inclusions.
The self‐regulatory consequences of dependence on intelligent machines at work: Evidence from field and experimental studies
Authors: Tang Pok Man , Koopman Joel , Yam Kai Chi , De Cremer David , Zhang Jack H. , Reynders Philipp
Published: November 2022

Organizations are increasingly augmenting employee jobs with intelligent machines. Although this augmentation has a bright side, in terms of its ability to enhance employee performance, we think there is likely a dark side as well. Draw from self‐regulation theory, we theorize that dependence on intelligent machines is discrepancy‐reducing—enhancing work goal progress, which in turn boosts employees’ task performance. On the other hand, such dependence may be discrepancy‐enlarging—threatening employee self‐esteem, which in turn detracts from employees’ task performance. Drawing further from self‐regulation theory, we submit that employees’ core self‐evaluation (CSE) may influence these effects of dependence on intelligent machines. Across an experience‐sampling field study conducted in India (Study 1) and a simulation‐based experiment conducted in the United States (Study 2), our results generally support a “mixed blessing” perspective of intelligent machines at work. We conclude by discussing the theoretical and practical implications of our work.
IntelliStore: IoT And AI‐based intelligent storage monitoring for perishable food
Authors: Singha Shivam , Saha Debajit , Brahma Maharaj , Singh Pranav Kumar
Published: November 2022

Among all the food produced annually, the loss rate for fruits and vegetables is the highest. This is due to the inability to detect critical ambient environmental parameters in cold storage. The self‐life of food plays an important characteristic in minimizing loss. We present IntelliStore in this work, an intelligent Machine Learning (ML) and Internet of Things (IoT) powered storage monitoring system that enables real‐time monitoring of temperature, humidity & concentration, and pest detection using a Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor and microphone. We collected a dataset of 10 different fruit and vegetables from the Food Quality and Analysis lab. We have experimented with SVM, Decision Tree, AdaBoost, and Gradient Boosting machine learning algorithms and have achieved the highest accuracy of 88% with SVM. Moreover, the proposed system has additional functionality to update the dataset with actual observations in the future and retraining models that would allow improvement of ML performance over time.
THE DETERMINATION OF pKA VALUES OF MONOPROTIC WEAK ACIDS CONTAMINATED WITH MINOR IMPURITIES
Authors: Garner R. , Yperman J. , Mullens J. , Van Poucke L.C.
Published: November 2022

In this study a calculation method is presented for the determination of the pKA values of weak acids contaminated with minor impurities with acid or basic properties. The method is demonstrated by the determination of the pKA values of some aliphatic monoamines in 1 N KNO3 at 25°C.
CHARACTERISTICS OF COKED ZEOUTE Y BY THE ADSORPTION DATA OF WATER
Authors: Rozwadowski M. , Włoch J. , Erdmann K. , Kornatowski J.
Published: November 2022

A method for the description of adsorption of water‐vapour on coked zeolite Y is presented. The Dubinin‐Radushkevich and Dubinin‐Astakhov equations have been found to be useful for that purpose. However, the equation obtained from the modified Polanyi‐Dubinin potential theory appears to be more adequate; it provides also information on the heterogeneity of solids investigated. A significant effect of sodium ions on the distribution of the adsorption potential is observed.
Hand grip strength‐based cachexia index as a predictor of cancer cachexia and prognosis in patients with cancer
Authors: Xie Hailun , Ruan Guotian , Wei Lishuang , Zhang Heyang , Ge Yizhong , Zhang Qi , Lin Shiqi , Song Mengmeng , Zhang Xi , Liu Xiaoyue , Li Xiangrui , Zhang Kangping , Yang Ming , Tang Meng , Song Chun‐Hua , Gan Jialiang , Shi Han‐Ping
Published: November 2022

Background

The cachexia index is a useful predictor for cancer cachexia and prognostic assessment. However, its use is limited because of high testing costs and complicated testing procedures. Thus, in this study, we aimed to develop a hand grip strength (HGS)‐based cancer cachexia index (H‐CXI) as a potential predictor of cancer cachexia and prognosis in patients with cancer.

Methods

Here, 14 682 patients with cancer were studied, including the discovery (6592), internal validation (2820) and external validation (5270) cohorts. The H‐CXI was calculated as [HGS (kg)/height (m)2 × serum albumin (g/L)]/neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to create survival curves, and the log‐rank test was used to compare time–event relationships between groups. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to determine independent risk factors for overall survival (OS). Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association of the H‐CXI with short‐term outcomes and cancer cachexia.

Results

There was a significant non‐linear relationship between the H‐CXI and OS in all cohorts. Patients with a low H‐CXI had significantly lower OS than those with a high H‐CXI in the discovery cohort (6‐year survival percentage: 55.72% vs. 76.70%, log‐rank P < 0.001), internal validation cohort (6‐year survival percentage: 55.81% vs. 76.70%, log‐rank P < 0.001), external validation cohort (6‐year survival percentage: 56.05% vs. 75.48%, log‐rank P < 0.001) and total cohort (6‐year survival percentage: 55.86% vs. 76.27%, log‐rank P < 0.001). Notably, the prognostic stratification effect of the H‐CXI in patients with advanced‐stage disease was more significant than that in patients with early‐stage disease. The multivariate Cox proportional risk regression model confirmed that a low H‐CXI negatively affected the prognosis of patients with cancer in the discovery cohort [hazard ratio (HR) 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71–0.80, P < 0.001], internal validation cohort (HR 0.79, 95 %CI 0.72–0.86, P < 0.001), external validation cohort (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.79–0.89, P < 0.001) and total cohort (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.77–0.83, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression models showed that a low H‐CXI was an independent risk factor predicting adverse short‐term outcomes and cancer cachexia in patients with cancer.

Conclusions

The simple and practical H‐CXI is a promising predictor for cancer cachexia and prognosis in patients with cancer.
The role and timing of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in acute biliary pancreatitis without cholangitis: A nationwide analysis
Authors: Weissman Simcha , Sharma Sachit , Ehrlich Dean , Aziz Muhammad , Bangolo Ayrton , Gade Amulya , Thompson‐Edwards Ashley , Singla Kushaghar , Venkatesh Harini K. , Hoo Kim Mishka , Muthineni Venkata A. B. , Makrani Moinulhaq , Muthukumar Ananya , Gurumurthy Vaishnavi , Prasad Bodapati A. , Nemalikanti Sanskrita , Thomas Jim , Kasarapu Ritu B. , Chugh Rachita , Narayan Kiran L. , Acharya Ashu , Pandol Stephen J. , Tabibian James H.
Published: November 2022

Background/Purpose

The role and optimal timing of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in acute biliary pancreatitis without cholangitis (ABPwoC) remains unclear. Using a large national database, we aimed to examine hospitalization outcomes of patients with ABPwoC as a function of the performance and timing of ERCP.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of adult patients with ABPwoC utilizing the National Inpatient Sample from 2016–2017. Patients who underwent inpatient ERCP were stratified into performance: within 24, 24–48, 48–72, and >72 h of hospital admission. The primary outcome was all‐cause inpatient mortality as a function of the performance and timing of ERCP; secondary outcomes, including healthcare utilization, were assessed. Multivariate modeling was used to adjust for potential confounders. Statistical analyses were conducted using STATA, version 16.0.

Results

Of the 70 030 patients with ABPwoC, 31.37% underwent inpatient ERCP. Performance (aOR: 0.6, p < .05), but not timing (aOR: 0.98, p = .9), of inpatient ERCP was associated with significantly lower all‐cause inpatient mortality. Urgent ERCP (within 24 h) was associated with shorter hospital length of stay, lower charges and cost, and less need for pancreatic drainage procedures, while ERCP within 72 h was associated with less frequent intensive care unit admission (all p < .05).

Discussion

Based on this large, nationwide analysis, inpatient ERCP for ABPwoC is associated with lower all‐cause mortality. ERCP within 24 and 72 h, though not associated with lower mortality, are associated with multiple improved clinical outcomes, including lower healthcare charges and costs.
Bile acid profiles in choledocholithiasis and their ability to predict common bile duct stone recurrence after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography treatment
Authors: Guan Yaping , Zhang Encheng , Zhang Cheng , Ye Zhihan , Zhu Feng
Published: November 2022

Background/Purpose

This study aimed to explore the alteration of bile acid (BA) profiles in patients with choledocholithiasis (CDC) and construct a prediction model for evaluating the risk of common bile duct stone (CBDS) recurrence after endoscopic treatment.

Methods

A total of 320 patients (218 with CDC and 102 with nonneoplastic polyps) were enrolled. The serum BA profiles were compared between groups. Both diagnostic score of CDC and prognostic risk score of CBDS recurrence based on BAs were established by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. A nomogram model was developed combining the risk score with clinical factors selected by Cox regression analysis.

Results

The BA profiles of patients with CDC were different from those of controls, which was mainly exhibited by an increase in conjugated BAs and the ratio of primary to secondary BA and a decrease in the hydrophobic BA ratio. The diagnostic model effectively distinguished patients with CDC from controls with an area under the curve of 0.763. Patients with CDC with a low BA risk score exhibited a high possibility of stone recurrence–free survival. The hazard ratios of history of cholecystectomy, multiple stones (n ≥ 2), bile duct angulation ≥132.7, and low BA risk score were 2.43, 4.18, 0.42, and 0.31, respectively.

Conclusions

The serum BA profiles were altered in patients with CDC and could be used to distinguish patients with CDC from controls. The nomogram model developed for predicting the risk of CBDS recurrence in patients with CDC after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography treatment had high accuracy and clinical usability.
Cost‐minimization analysis of DTaP‐IPV‐Hib combination vaccine in China: A nationwide cross‐sectional study
Authors: Liu Bei , Cao Bing , Wang Chao , Sun Tao , Miao Yudong , Zhang Sihui , Zhao Tianshuo , Cui Fuqiang
Published: November 2022

Combination vaccines can reduce the vaccination visit, simplify the vaccination schedule and efficiently improve management. This study was primarily designed to evaluate the economic impact of integrating the diphtheria‐tetanus‐acellular pertussis inactivated poliomyelitis and Haemophilus influenzae type B (DTaP‐IPV‐Hib) combination vaccine into the China National Immunization Program. A cost‐minimization analysis (CMA) compared the costs associated with direct medical, direct nonmedical, and indirect social costs in four schemes was conducted. A budgetary impact analysis assessed the alternative schemes' financial impact on the healthcare budget. Direct medical costs were extracted using a costing questionnaire and an observational time and motion chart. Direct nonmedical (cost for transportation) and indirect costs (loss of productivity) were derived from parents' questionnaires. Replacement of the current vaccination scheme with DTaP‐IPV‐Hib combination vaccine, resulted in net increases in direct medical costs of 77.64% for alternative scheme 1, 146.54% for alternative scheme 2, and 294.67% for alternative scheme 3, respectively. However, the direct nonmedical and indirect costs and the cost of the alternative schemes were 18.18%, 36.36%, and 63.64% lower than the current scheme for alternative scheme 1, alternative scheme 2, and alternative scheme 3, respectively. From the societal perspective, when compared with the current scheme, the budgetary impact of the three alternative schemes were +66 million Chinese Yuan (CNY) (4.81%), +103 million CNY (7.53%), and +305million CNY (22.35%), respectively. The CMA considered a broader perspective of social costs and indicated that the alternative schemes would result in an overall saving of parents' transportation and work loss costs to bring their children for vaccination, translating into a total cost saving of 18.18%, 36.36%, 63.64%, comparing to the current scheme. Thus, fully or partly using the DTaP‐IPV‐Hib combination vaccine is cost‐saving in the context of China.
Heterogeneity of dynamic shear properties of the meniscus: A comparison between tissue core and surface layers
Authors: Schwartz Gabi , Morejon Andy , Gracia Julissa , Best Thomas M. , Jackson Alicia R. , Travascio Francesco
Published: November 2022

Damage to the meniscus has been associated with excessive shear loads. Aimed at elucidating meniscus pathophysiology, previous studies have investigated the shear properties of the meniscus fibrocartilaginous core. However, the meniscus is structurally inhomogeneous, with an external cartilaginous envelope (tibial and femoral surface layers) wrapping the tissue core. To date, little is known about the shear behavior of the surface layers. The objective of this study was to measure the dynamic shear properties of the surface layers and derive empirical relations with their composition. Specimens were harvested from tibial and femoral surface layers and core of porcine menisci (medial and lateral, n = 10 each). Frequency sweep tests yielded complex shear modulus (G*) and phase shifts (δ). Mechanical behavior of regions was described by a generalized Maxwell model. Correlations between shear moduli with water and glycosaminoglycans content of the tissue regions were investigated. The femoral surface had the lowest shear modulus, when compared to core and tibial regions. A 3‐relaxation times Maxwell model satisfactorily interpreted the shear behavior of all tissue regions. Inhomogeneous tissue composition was also observed, with water content in the surface layers being higher when compared with tissue core. Water content negatively correlated with shear properties in all regions. The lower measured shear properties in the femoral layer may explain the higher prevalence of meniscal tears on the superior surface of the tissue. The heterogenous behavior of the tissue in shear provides insight into meniscus pathology and has important implications for efforts to tissue engineer replacement tissues.
Development of an enzymatic cascade to systematically utilize lignocellulosic monosaccharide
Authors: Tang Hengtao , Chen Zhi , Shao Yu , Ju Xin , Li Liangzhi
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

The fermentation valorization of two main lignocellulosic monosaccharides, glucose and xylose, is extensively developed; however, it is restricted by limited yield and process complexity. An in vitro enzymatic cascade reaction can be an alternative approach.

RESULTS

In this study, a three‐stage, five‐enzyme cascade was developed to convert pretreated biomass to valuable chemicals. First, a ribose‐5‐phosphate isomerase B mutant isomerized xylose to d‐xylulose with high substrate specificity, and a d‐arabinose dehydrogenase continued to reduce d‐xylulose to d‐arabitol. Simultaneously, glucose was utilized for the coenzyme regeneration catalyzed by a glucose dehydrogenase, generating useful gluconic acid and achieving 73% of total conversion rate after 36 h. Then, six kinds of pretreated biomass lignocellulose were hydrolyzed by cellulase and hemicellulase, and corn cob was identified as the initial substrate for providing the highest monosaccharide content. A 65% conversion rate of the lignocellulosic xylose was obtained after 24 h.

CONCLUSIONS

This study presents a proof of concept to convert main lignocellulosic monosaccharides systematically by an enzymatic cascade at stoichiometric ratio. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Exosomal circNFIX promotes angiogenesis in ovarian cancer via miR‐518a‐3p/TRIM44 axis
Authors: Ye Hui , Wang Rui‐Yu , Yu Xiu‐Zhang , Wu Yu‐Ke , Yang Bo‐Wen , Ao Meng‐Yin , Xi Ming‐Rong , Hou Min‐Min
Published: November 2022

Ovarian cancer (OC) is a gynecological cancer with high mortality. OC‐derived exosomal circRNAs can regulate angiogenesis. This study aims to explore the role and mechanism of exosomal circRNA nuclear factor I X (CircNFIX) derived from OC cells in angiogenesis. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was employed to evaluate the levels of circNFIX, miR‐518a‐3p, and tripartite motif protein 44 (TRIM44) in OC and adjacent tissues. Exosomes from the ovarian surface epithelial cell (HOSEpiC) and OC cells (SKOV3 or OVCAR3) were isolated by differential centrifugation. Exosomes were cocultured with the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The angiogenesis capacity was analyzed by Tube formation assay. 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2‐H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Transwell assays were used to determine the cell viability and migration ability. The dual‐luciferase report, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and RNA pull‐down assays were applied to validate the gene's interaction. CircNFIX and TRIM44 expression were higher and miR‐518a‐3p was lower in OC tissues than in the adjacent tissues. Upregulated circNFIX and TRIM44 were significantly correlated with the tumor size and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage of OC patients. HUVECs treated OC‐derived exosomes had higher proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis capacities than the control group. While OC‐derived exosomal circNFIX silencing restrained HUVECs' proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, compared with the OC‐derived exosomes group. OC‐derived exosomal circNFIX positively regulated TRIM44 expression by targeting miR‐518a‐3p in HUVECs. OC‐derived exosomal circNFIX promoted angiogenesis by regulating the Janus‐activated kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (JAK/STAT1) pathway via miR‐518a‐3p/TRIM44 axis in HUVECs.
Toward Ultrasensitive, Broadband, Reflection‐Mode In Vivo Photoacoustic Microscopy Using a Bare Glass
Authors: Song Wei , Yang Fan , Min Changjun , Zhu Siwei , Yuan Xiaocong
Published: November 2022

Accurate volumetric photoacoustic image reconstruction requires ultrasonic detection with sufficient sensitivity to pressure transients over a broad spectral bandwidth. By using the ultrafast temporal dynamics and high‐sensitivity responses to refractive index changes of optical surface waves, a structureless ultrasonic sensor is proposed for photoacoustic impulse measurement that is manufactured simply by covering a ubiquitous bare glass with several drops of water. Ultrasensitive photoacoustic detection with a broadband frequency response is achieved by converting the photoacoustically modulated phase shift in the optical reflection into a time‐varying polarization. This sensor achieves noise‐equivalent pressure sensitivity at ≈93 Pa while maintaining an acoustic bandwidth of ≈174 MHz. Incorporation of the transparent sensor into an optical‐resolution photoacoustic microscope enables reflection‐mode 3D imaging with isometric spatial resolution on the micrometer scale. Label‐free volumetric visualizations of adult zebrafish are obtained in vivo. The favorable performance of the proposed sensor offers considerable potential for advancement of biomedical photoacoustic investigations.
Recent Progress on the Rheology of Giant Molecules
Authors: Liu Yuchu , Yan Xiao‐Yun , Guo Qing‐Yun , Lei Huanyu , Liu Xian‐you , Li Xing‐han , Wu Yuean , Zhang Wei , Liu GengXin , Cheng Stephen Z. D.
Published: November 2022

Giant molecules are a new class of precise macromolecules whose constructing blocks are molecular nanoparticles, such as polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS), fullerene (C60), etc., connected by different types of links with various molecular topologies in soft matter. These blocks are connected in 3D instead of chain‐like. Thus, the dynamics of giant molecules cannot be described by the entanglement‐dominated “reptation” dynamics, nor by the volume‐fraction‐determined caging effect as in the colloidal domain. Instead, they demonstrate different kinetics which are highly dependent on their sizes (diameters), bridging the conventional polymeric and colloidal systems. Further investigations into its unique dynamics will not only offer new properties for developing novel materials, but will also provide a deeper insight into the general principles of glass formation. In this review, the definition of giant molecules, their assemblies as well as their structural features are first introduced. The general dynamics of other systems, including the conventional polymeric and colloidal systems are briefly summarized. The recent progress of the rheological study of giant molecules is then focused upon. Finally, perspectives on this direction are proposed.
The major pain source of rotator cuff‐related shoulder pain: A narrative review on current evidence
Authors: Lo Chi Ngai , Leung Bernard Pui Lam , Sanders Grant , Li Megan Wai Ming , Ngai Shirley P. C.
Published: November 2022

Background

Rotator cuff‐related shoulder pain (RCRSP) was proposed to have a complex pain mechanism, but the exact aetiology is still unclear. A recent review summarised the updated research to analyse the traditional concept of shoulder impingement which may not be accurate. Current studies have demonstrated that mechanical factors including a reduction in subacromial space, scapular dyskinesia and different acromial shapes are unlikely directly contributing to RCRSP.

Aims

Since the precise RCRSP pain mechanism remains unclear, the aim of this narrative review is to discuss possible sources of pain contributing to RCRSP according to the mechanisms‐based pain classifications.

Results and Discussion

Research findings on potential mechanical nociceptive factors of RCRSP are conflicting; investigations of neuropathic and central pain mechanisms of RCRSP are limited and inconclusive. Overall, available evidence has indicated moderate to strong correlations between RCRSP and chemical nociceptive sources of pain.

Conclusion

Results from current research may provide new directions for future studies on the aetiology of RCRSP and its clinical management towards a biochemical view instead of the traditional mechanical hypothesis.
Trendbericht: Chemiedidaktik 2022
Authors: Maaß Mona , Lanfermann Philipp , Habig Sebastian
Published: November 2022

Nachhaltigkeit, Photochemie und Elektrochemie bleiben im Jahr 2022 die inhaltlichen, Digitalisierung und Modelle die methodischen Schwerpunkte der experimentell‐konzeptionellen Forschung der Chemiedidaktik. Die empirische Forschung evaluiert digitale Lernumgebungen und interessiert sich zunehmend für die Möglichkeiten künstlicher Intelligenz und maschinellen Lernens.
Volumen berechnen – und zwar benutzerfreundlich
Authors: Lavendomme Roy , Maglic Jasmin B.
Published: November 2022

Molovol ist ein Programm, das molekulare Volumen, Oberflächen und Hohlräume berechnet. Entwickelt von zwei Chemikern soll es mit Benutzerfreundlichkeit, Funktionalität und Leistung überzeugen. Ein Einblick in die Funktionsweise und Entstehung des Programms.
Liganden nach Maß für sauber getrennte f‐Block‐Elemente
Authors: Urbank Christian , Vondung Lisa
Published: November 2022

Lanthanoide sind etwa für die Energiewende wichtig, Gadolinium auch als Kontrastmittel für die Kernspintomographie. Von den Actinoiden ist vor allem Uran nützlich, da es als Brennstoff in Kernkraftwerken dient. Allerdings ähneln sich die Eigenschaften der Lanthanoide und Actinoide untereinander so sehr, dass sie nur schwierig zu trennen sind. Hier hilft Ligandendesign.
Nachruf auf Wolfgang Kläui (1945 – 2022)
Authors: Werner Helmut
Published: November 2022

Am 16. Februar 2022 starb Wolfgang Kläui, Professor für anorganische Chemie an der Universität Düsseldorf. X,O,O‐Tripodliganden sind nach ihm benannt.
Recovering orthogonal tensors under arbitrarily strong, but locally correlated, noise
Authors: Mickelin Oscar , Karaman Sertac
Published: November 2022

We consider the problem of recovering an orthogonally decomposable tensor with a subset of elements distorted by noise with arbitrarily large magnitude. We focus on the particular case where each mode in the decomposition is corrupted by noise vectors with components that are correlated locally, that is, with nearby components. We show that this deterministic tensor completion problem has the unusual property that it can be solved in polynomial time if the rank of the tensor is sufficiently large. This is the polar opposite of the low‐rank assumptions of typical low‐rank tensor and matrix completion settings. We show that our problem can be solved through a system of coupled Sylvester‐like equations and show how to accelerate their solution by an alternating solver. This enables recovery even with a substantial number of missing entries, for instance for ‐dimensional tensors of rank with up to missing entries.
‘I owe it to the animals’: The bidirectionality of Swiss alpine farmers' relational values
Authors: Chapman Mollie , Deplazes‐Zemp Anna
Published: November 2022

Relational values have recently been proposed as a concept to expand our understanding of environmental values from the categories previously dominating the discourse: instrumental (nature for people's sake) and intrinsic values (nature for its own sake). Empirical and conceptual research on relational values has so far focused on the content of relational values or their relationship to other kinds of values.

In this paper, we fill a key gap in understanding exactly what relational values are and how they work; we call this the ‘syntax’ of relational values. We do so by applying the Syntax of Environmental Values Framework, which describes relational values as bidirectional, expressed by genuine respect and care on the one hand and an eudaimonic contribution to wellbeing on the other.

We developed a novel interview protocol which we applied in semistructured interviews with Swiss alpine farmers. We examine how both of these directions are manifested in farmers' relational values.

Our results showed how the bidirectionality manifests in relational values of alpine farmers. Specifically, we identified three components of each directionality. The intrinsic element of relational values was constituted by: an attitude of respect, attention to the relationship and practices of care. The instrumental element of relational values was constituted by: emotional and experiential contributions for the valuer, satisfaction and joy in the relationship, and practical contributions to the activities associated with the relationship (e.g. farm management). We further elaborate on the conditions required to sustain relational values, including physical, emotional and sociopolitical conditions.

These results informed an elaborated conceptual framework of relational values, and environmental valuing more generally. While specifically derived from our dataset, we believe our conclusions could directly or in a modified form, apply to diverse cases of relational valuing. In sum, this paper offers a concrete step towards better characterizing, distinguishing and applying the relational values concept.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
A modified piecewise linear constant life diagram for fatigue life prediction of carbon fiber/polymer multidirectional laminates
Authors: Behera Alok , Thawre Manjusha M. , Ballal Atul , Manjunatha CM , Krishnakumar Dinesh , Chandankhede Shardul
Published: November 2022

Prediction accuracy of constant life diagrams (CLDs) for fiber‐reinforced plastics varies with the stacking, tensile/compression dominated failure, input S–N curves, the complexity of the plot, and so forth. The article's authors propose a modified piecewise linear CLD and compare its prediction accuracy with traditional piecewise and 2‐segment anisomorphic CLD. The constant amplitude fatigue life data for three different carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites multidirectional laminates that is (+45, −45, +45, and −45)2S, (+45, −45, 0, and 90)2S, and (0, 90, 0, and 90)2Swere generated at five different stress ratios (R = σmin/σmax) that is,R = 0.1 and 0.5 (T–T), −1 and critical stress ratio (T–C), and 5 (C–C). The proposed modified Piecewise linear CLD considers the critical stress ratio (UCS/UTS) as a definite input node. The prediction accuracy of the proposed CLD and others was evaluated using additional fatigue testing at random stress ratios and stress levels. The proposed CLD showed the highest prediction accuracy compared to Piecewise or Anisomorphic CLD. The non‐linear CLD plotted using single S‐N curve data may save time and effort but achieving absolute accuracy will ultimately depend on the stacking sequence.
Noninvasive prenatal screening for cystic fibrosis using circulating trophoblasts: Detection of the 50 most common disease‐causing variants
Authors: Jeppesen Line Dahl , Lildballe Dorte Launholt , Hatt Lotte , Hedegaard Jakob , Singh Ripudaman , Toft Christian Liebst Frisk , Schelde Palle , Pedersen Anders Sune , Knudsen Michael , Vogel Ida
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common severe autosomal recessive disorders. Prenatal or preconception CF screening is offered in some countries. A maternal blood sample in early pregnancy can provide circulating trophoblasts and offers a DNA source for genetic analysis of both the mother and the fetus. This study aimed to develop a cell‐based noninvasive prenatal test (NIPT) to screen for the 50 most common CF variants.

Methods

Blood samples were collected from 30 pregnancies undergoing invasive diagnostics and circulating trophoblasts were harvested in 27. Cystic fibrosis testing was conducted using two different methods: by fragment length analysis and by our newly developed NGS‐based CF analysis.

Results

In all 27 cases, cell‐based NIPT provided a result using both methods in agreement with the invasive test result.

Conclusion

This study shows that cell‐based NIPT for CF screening provides a reliable result without the need for partner‐ and proband samples.
Strain Relaxation of Si/SiGe Heterostructures by a Geometric Monte Carlo Approach
Authors: Gradwohl Kevin-P. , Lu Chen-Hsun , Liu Yujia , Richter Carsten , Boeck Torsten , Martin Jens , Albrecht Martin
Published: November 2022

Solid‐state‐based quantum technologies, such as electronic spin‐qubits, constitute a leading approach to the realization of quantum computation. Electronic spin‐qubits hosted in semiconductor heterostructures demand the highest crystalline quality, specifically with respect to the structure and formation of in‐plane misfit dislocations (MDs). Here, the formation mechanisms of MD networks in such Si/SiGe heterostructures are investigated. For this purpose, strained Si layers on relaxed Si0.7Ge0.3 with thicknesses above the critical thickness are grown by molecular beam epitaxy to allow for the formation of MDs. MDs are mapped out by electron channeling contrast imaging and the experimental results are compared to MD networks calculated by Monte Carlo simulations. The simulations show that the ratio between the threading dislocation density (TDD) and the average length of MDs is a constant for a given set of parameters, here 2.9 for sufficiently large dislocation statistics and simultaneous extension of MDs. Further, the fractal dimension of the MD network determined by the box‐counting method as an alternative quantity to characterize MD networks is introduced. This allows to infer the formation mechanism of MDs in real devices and hence the quantification of resulting average relaxation within the Si‐quantum well.
Design of equivalent‐input‐disturbance estimator based modified repetitive control with adaptive periodic event‐triggered for time‐varying delay nonlinear systems
Authors: Abd‐Elhaleem Sameh , Soliman Mohamed , Hamdy Mohamed
Published: November 2022

This article addresses the problems of the disturbance rejection and the periodic signal tracking for a class of time‐varying delay nonlinear systems subjected to unknown exogenous disturbances. To approximate the nonlinearity of the system, a Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy model has been used. The proposed modified repetitive controller (MRC) scheme based on the equivalent‐input‐disturbance (EID) estimator improves the performance of periodic and aperiodic unknown disturbances rejection effectively and achieves good tracking performance for periodic references. Furthermore, an adaptive periodic event triggered mechanism based fuzzy state observer (APETM‐FSO) has been utilized to reduce data transmission, energy consumption, and computational burden, save the resources of communication. With the help of a designed adaptive event triggering condition, the APETM can detect the event occurrence, which is described by exceeding the error signal to a predetermined threshold. Only when the event occurs, the current data are transmitted otherwise, data can be kept unchanged using a zero‐order hold. Hence, The MRC, EID, and APETM‐FSO based on a time‐varying delay T‐S fuzzy model construct the overall system. Then, to achieve the asymptotic stability of the overall system subjected to unknown disturbances, sufficient conditions based on the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional stability theory and linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are derived. In addition, the FSO and fuzzy state feedback controller gains are designed using the matrix decomposition and LMI approaches. Simulation results with comparative study are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed scheme.