bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Ti/TiHx/SnO2-Sb2O5-NiO-CNT electrode for electrochemical Ozone Generation for degradation of toxic textile azo dyes
Authors: Karimi Mohammad , Mansour Bidoki Seyed , Benvidi Ali
Published: April 2021

Water pollution control and the development of clean technologies for water, air and soil treatments comprise one of the most important challenges for modern society. Ozone is known as a strong and clean oxidizing agent that can be used for water and wastewater treatment. In this research, a novel Ti/TiHx/SnO2-Sb2O5-NiO-CNT modified titanium electrode containing carbon nanotubes (CNT) was fabricated for in-situ ozone generation. The electrode was characterized using SEM, XRD and LSV techniques. CNT presence caused an increase in ozone generation efficiency leading to the higher concentrations of dissolved ozone in water compared to the recently reported researchers. Ozone generation at the surface of the electrode was determined using the standard indigo method. Electrochemical ozone was further used in degradation of C.I. Reactive red 195 (RR 195). It was found that the modified electrode could degrade 96% of RR 195 from initial concentration of 300 mg∙L-1 in 30 min under current density of 20 mA∙cm-2. COD removal was also measured as high as 60 percent.
IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND DIGITALIZATION ON BANKING STRATEGY PRE-COVID-19, CHALLENGES IN THE COVID ERA AND POST-COVID STAKES
Authors: Romdhane Syrine Ben
Published: April 2021

The spread of information technology and the digitalization of financial services raise a range of theoretical questions as the structures of the banking industry undergo change. This change has intensified with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic which is already being observed. The purpose of this study is therefore threefold: (1) to analyze the impact of IT and the digitalization of financial services on the strategy and functioning of the pre-COVID-19 banking sector; (2) to study the challenges banks are facing in the COVID era in managing the crisis, and (3) to highlight post-COVID stakes.  This study shows, on the one hand, that the crisis confirms the need for banks to combine physical proximity and digital offer, and on the other hand, that digitalization could be the solution for banks to consistently mitigate risks. Through this digital transformation and their ability to re-invent themselves, the banks would guard against potential similar crises. By adopting a more digitized and open behavior, they would be immune to such crises because they would have appropriate strategic plans, as they would be better equipped to counter the threats and better prepared to transform them into opportunities.

JEL Classification Codes: B26, B41, G21, G32, O32.
The History of the Translation of the Holy Quran in Bengali: The Translation Example of Gulam Azam
Authors: Rahman Mizanur
Published: April 2021

The holy Quran is the divine message sent to all humanity by Allah (SWT). This message concerns not only the owners of the language from which it descended but all humanity. So it is necessary to translate this message into those languages for people from different cultures to understand. However, whether the Quran will be translated into other languages has been discussed throughout history and positive and negative opinions about the issue continue. As a Muslim-dominated country, Bangladesh has been working on the translation of the Quran since the 18th century. This article, firstly, discussed the historical process of the translation of the Quran into Bengali and then the translation of the Quran by Gholam Azam is examined as an example, who worked to understand and explain the Quran and reflect the effect of the Quran in social life.
Kultur Nahdlatul Ulama Dalam Penerapan Akad Syariah
Authors: Syahdana Nadila Meiri , Norsain Norsain
Published: April 2021

The first step in building a good ummah or mabadi' khaira ummah, Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) instilled the five characteristics of the Prophet to his people so that they have a strong mentality as a capital for social-economic improvement in society. The purpose of this study was to analyze the culture of NU in the application of sharia contracts at KSPS BMT UGT Sidogiri, Lenteng Branch. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. The data obtained by researchers are primary data from interviews, observation and documentation. The results of this study indicate that some of the characteristics of mabadi' khaira ummah, namely shiddiq and amanah, are applied in KSPS BMT UGT Sidogiri, Lenteng Branch. Attitudes tawassuth-i'tidal, tasamuh, tawazzun and amar ma'ruf nahi munkar are applied to employee behavior.
Eksistensi Perbankan Syariah Melalui Dominasi Pembiayaan Profit And Loss Sharing
Authors: Trimulato Trimulato
Published: April 2021

The beginning of the presence of the first Islamic bank in Indonesia was known as a bank with a profit and loss sharing concept. But in reality, profit and loss sharing financing is no longer dominant in Islamic banks, because non-profit sharing financing is more dominant, especially financing with the buying and selling model. The purpose of this research is to determine the development of financing in Islamic banks, as well as to determine the need to dominate profit-sharing financing in Islamic banks. This research is a qualitative descriptive which shows the development of Islamic bank financing products and the need to restore the concept of profit and loss sharing to be dominant in Islamic banks. The results of this study indicate that the growth of period financing is quite good. Then there are three reasons for the need to dominate profit and loss sharing financing in Islamic banks, namely restoring the identity of the Islamic bank as a profit-sharing bank, being the main differentiator between conventional and Islamic banks, and the opportunity to grow the real sector with greater income.
Preferensi Pegawai Negeri Sipil Kementerian Agama Tanjung Balai Dalam Memilih Pembiayaan Di Bank Syariah
Authors: Purba Asra Idriyansyah
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the influence of religion and economy on the preferences of civil servants in the Ministry of Religion of Tanjung Balai in choosing to finance in Islamic banks both partially and simultaneously. This research uses quantitative research methods, involving 63 people from various work units within the Ministry of Religion, Tanjung Balai. This study uses analytical techniques that emphasize hypothesis testing with test models and statistical tests. The results of this study indicate that partially the religious factor has no influence on the preferences of the Tanjung Balai Ministry of Religion civil servants in choosing to finance in Islamic banks. Meanwhile, economic factors have an influence on the preferences of the Tanjung Balai Ministry of Religion civil servants in choosing to finance in Islamic banks. Simultaneously, religious and economic factors have a positive influence on the preferences of the Tanjung Balai Ministry of Religion civil servants in choosing to finance in Islamic banks.
Improvement of Obesity Events Through Online Fast Food Dating Patterns at University X Students in Depok City
Authors: Az Zahrah Yasmin , Arista Liya
Published: April 2021

The fast-food online diet can outweigh obesity. The research was conducted on students because students were at the stage of adulthood where metabolism slows down and the trend of ordering food online is mostly done by students. This study identified the relationship between fast food online diet, physical activity, and genetic history with obesity. The research design used was cross sectional with a population of all University X students class 2016-2019 and a total sample of 164 respondents. Data obtained from the FFQ and IPAQ questionnaire sheets through the online G-form. The results of the bivariate analysis with the Chi-Square test showed that there was no significant relationship between online fast food eating patterns and BMI / obesity (p> 0.005), likewise for physical activity variables also did not show a significant relationship with obesity (p = 0.746) However, for genetic history, there was a significant association with obesity (p
Description of Knowledge and Attitudes of Teenagers to Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Public Senior High School 8 Banjarmasin
Authors: Ari lestari Nur cahyani , Utami Syahrida Wahyu , Purwanti Sri
Published: April 2021

Sexually transmitted diseases are diseases that are transmitted through sexual intercourse with multiple partners and are a form of behavior that deviates and exceeds boundaries or is also called juvenile delinquency. Basically juvenile delinquency refers to a form of adolescent behavior that is not in accordance with the norms that exist in society. At Public Senior High School 8 in the Alalak Tengah Community Health Center, Banjarmasin City, there is one person who quit school because he wants to get married. This study aims to describe the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents against sexually transmitted diseases in Public Senior High School 8 Banjarmasin. This research was conducted at Public Senior High School 8 Banjarmasin with a descriptive research method. Population of 153 people with a sample of 62 people, the sampling technique with proposive sampling where sampling is based on a certain consideration made by the researcher. The results of the research at Public Senior High School 8 Banjarmasin were respondents who had good knowledge of 15 people (24.19%), quite 38 people (61.29%), less than 7 people (11.29%), and 2 people who were not good 23). respondents who had a supportive or positive attitude towards sexually transmitted diseases were 29 people (46.77%) and negative attitudes towards sexually transmitted diseases were 33 people (53.23%). Based on the research, it was concluded that the knowledge of Public Senior High School 8 Banjarmasin students about sexually transmitted diseases was in the moderate category and had a negative attitude.

Keywords: Knowledge, Attitudes, Sexually Transmitted Diseases
WEB DEVELOPMENT BASED ON SDLC CONCEPT APPROACH IN E-COMMERCE AT BASUKI JAYA PHARMACY
Authors: Tri Hidayat Ahmad , Nugroho Adityo , Saifullah Shoffan
Published: April 2021

E-commerce is a very rapid development of trade in various fields, including pharmaceuticals. One process is the provision of prescription or non-prescription drugs from pharmacies. The management practice is still done manually, which involves the buying and selling process in person. Besides, processing and drug supplies are also done manually. These reasons make the process less effective and efficient, so it is necessary to develop an information system in buying and selling (e-commerce), improving performance, and reaching the target market. This system development uses the SDLC (System Development Live Cycle) concept and e-commerce, specifically in the pharmaceutical sector. This process is carried out from requirements to testing. The development is an e-commerce website that can help in the pharmacy's buying and selling process. Besides, the website is capable of connecting with customers. The system can integrate existing supplies into a pharmacy information system. The design of this system uses the programming languages PHP and MySQL. The results were tested using the Black Box method with the results that all processes and functions performed were carried out correctly. The developed website can be implemented in e-commerce at the pharmacy.
The Reliability Analysis of Rotary Klin A
Authors: Tumanggor Agustina , Purnomo Joko , Rizki Muhammad
Published: April 2021

XYZ is a company engaged in the production of iron ore into semi-finished products (Iron Reduction). The machine company has a very important and vital role to support the production process. Rotary Kiln is a place where iron ore reduction occurs, the result of which is called an iron reduction kiln or commonly known as sponge iron. By looking at the constraints at PT. XYZ on its production machines often breakdowns, which is a fundamental reason for researchers to increase the reliability level of the rotary kiln b PT XYZ production machine. XYZ. The research was carried out on the Rotary Kiln B machine made in Germany which plays a high enough role in the company. The research objective was to analyze the reliability (reliability) of Rotary Kiln b at PT. XYZ. The method used is Reliability with the Mean Time to Repair (MTTR) method. From the calculation of reliability on Rotary Kiln B with an operating time of 289 hours, the results are 0.5371 and MTTR 537.7732. The higher the reliability value, the better the machine used in the operation process.
Corrosion in Tinplate Cans Used for Food Storage, Part 2: Characterization and Corrosion Phenomena in BPA-NI Coated Cans
Authors: Chang Kuo-Hsiang , Hurley Belinda L. , Pascall Melvin A. , Frankel Gerald S.
Published: April 2021

Corrosion phenomena associated with tinplate cans were investigated with aqueous solutions of different compounds commonly found in canned tomato products. After only a few weeks of storage at 49°C, cans lined with a coating with bisphenol A (BPA) not intentionally added (BPA-NI) displayed degradation of the coating. Storage of solutions containing chloride, nitrate, and thiosulfate ions in the BPA-NI coated cans resulted in extensive formation of blisters. Additionally, headspace blackening, which is sometimes found in packaged protein-containing foods, was also observed. Volatile sulfur-containing compounds produced during the sterilization process might be the origin of headspace blackening. In this study, the corrosion of tinplate cans exposed to different solutions at 49°C for varying storage times was studied via optical microscopy, optical profilometry, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed a strong correlation between the presence of cysteine, an amino acid, and/or nitrate, and the degradation of the coating. Furthermore, cysteine was found to be a source of headspace blackening.
IMPAIRMENT TEST: EVIDENCIAÇÃO DAS PERDAS E REVERSÕES NAS EMPRESAS DOS DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE GOVERNANÇA CORPORATIVA DA B3 S.A.
Authors: Silva Cleciane Kelly Rebouças da , Nascimento Ítalo Carlos Soares do , Miranda Mariza Camila de , Melo Géison Calyo Varela de
Published: April 2021

Levando-se em consideração o tempo da obrigatoriedade legal das companhias em efetuar a análise periódica sobre a recuperação dos valores registrados nos Ativos Imobilizado e Intangível, o presente estudo buscou analisar se as empresas dos diferentes níveis de Governança Corporativa da Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão (B3) evidenciam as perdas e reversões após o Teste de Recuperabilidade dos Ativos preconizado pelo CPC 01 (R1) em seus resultados, no ano de 2018. De natureza qualitativa, a pesquisa utilizou-se da análise de conteúdo das Demonstrações Financeiras Padronizadas (DFPs) e das Notas Explicativas (NEs) das 100 maiores empresas no website da B3, caracterizando-se como um estudo documental, de caráter descritivo. Os resultados indicam que as companhias que divulgam as informações relativas ao Impairment Test tendem a pertencerem a algum segmento especial de Governança Corporativa e que mesmo assim a falta de transparência ainda perpetua em relação aos anos da obrigatoriedade dessas informações, suscitando melhorias para maior clareza em suas informações. Destarte, pela ótica da Teoria do Disclosure, esta pesquisa, especialmente para o caso das empresas brasileiras de capital aberto, contribui para o entendimento da realidade contábil no processo de evidenciação do Teste de Recuperabilidade dos Ativos, demonstrando a falta de padronização e não cumprimento dos procedimentos do CPC 01 (R1), já sinalizado em estudos empíricos anteriores. Desta forma, constata-se que não houve evolução e melhorias no processo de disclosure do Impairment Test no contexto brasileiro.
Review of Solar Geoengineering for the Developing World: A Discourse on the State of Research and the Effects on Policy and Livelihoods for Africa
Authors: Patrick Hosea
Published: April 2021

The world is experiencing a rapid increase in the global average temperatures at an unprecedented level, primarily due to human activities. Global actors' and policymakers' inability to find an agreed upon course of action to curtail the looming effects of these increased temperatures is an issue of global environmental and human security concern. Solar geoengineering, also solar radiation modification (SRM), has been proposed in many quarters as an option to reducing global warming while finding other alternatives to GHG emissions. This paper provides a summary introduction to climate science on solar engineering for the social scientists and policymakers from the global south. The paper assesses the status, effects, and preparedness of developing economies, especially Africa, in adopting SRM policies and practices. It observes that the effects of SRM for Africa have not been adequately researched due to the dearth of research and experts on SRM, specifically for Africa. It concludes that the reliance of a significant proportion of developing societies on climate-sensitive livelihood options makes the implication of SRM a worthy consideration for research and policymakers.
Consideraciones éticas para lograr la calidad de la atención en el paciente con enfermedad de Parkinson
Authors: Peña Maria de los Angeles , Reconde Suárez Ms C Deimy , Borges Damas Lareisy
Published: April 2021

Introducción: la calidad de la atención es una pieza clave en la asistencia sanitaria, para lograrla es necesario que toda la organización esté involucrada y se desarrollen acciones estratégicas encaminadas a garantizar cuidados seguros, libre de daños.
Objetivos: analizar los principales conflictos éticos y bioéticos que enfrentan los profesionales de la salud en los servicios hospitalarios a fin de lograr la calidad de la atención en los pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson.
Material y métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sistemática para desarrollar un análisis crítico reflexivo del contenido de documentos, donde se consideraron tesis de doctorado, maestría, artículos originales y de revisión. Se abordaron temas como los principios éticos y bioéticos en la enfermería, y la calidad de la atención.
Conclusión: si se logra adquirir una cultura en la calidad y cumplir con los principios de la bioética se puede reducir la probabilidad de errores, riesgos y daños, generados en la asistencia sanitaria.
Calidad de vida en profesionales de enfermería que laboran en áreas críticas en una institución de tercer nivel de atención
Authors: Flores Ramírez Mitzi Kathya Gisselle , Escalante-Hernández Claudia , Ortiz-López Gloria , Chico-Barba Laura Gabriela
Published: April 2021

Introducción: la calidad de vida (CV) es importante en profesionales de la salud, en especial en el personal de enfermería que labora en áreas críticas, ya que ésta depende no sólo de factores físicos, mentales y sociales, sino también laborales, que surgen del contacto diario con pacientes.
Objetivo: determinar la CV de los profesionales de enfermería que laboran en áreas críticas en una institución de tercer nivel de atención.
Material y métodos: estudio observacional transversal realizado en una institución de tercer nivel, con una n de 73 profesionales de enfermería. Se aplicaron dos cuestionarios internacionalmente validados: WHOQOL-BREF, que valora 4 dominios; y PROQOL-IV, evalúa 3 dominios. El análisis se realizó con las pruebas t-student y ANOVA para comparar los puntajes de la CV con las características sociodemográficas y laborales.
Resultados: el 85% de los participantes fueron mujeres. El rango de edad más frecuente de 40-49 años (43%). El puntaje más alto en el WHOQOL-BREF el dominio de salud psicológica y el menor puntaje el de ambiente. En el PROQOL-IV, 40% de participantes tuvieron riesgo de padecer desgaste por empatía de los cuales 83% son mujeres, 15% no está satisfecho al realizar su trabajo y 19% tiene riesgo de padecer burnout.
Conclusiones: la CV del personal de enfermería podría determinarse como buena, excepto el dominio desgaste por empatía (PROQOL-IV). Se sugiere continuar estudiando estas variables para poder realizar intervenciones que ayuden a mejorar su CV.
Características clínicas y demográficas asociadas a la ingesta de cuerpo extraño en niños de 4-8 años de edad, atendidos en el Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez en un periodo de dos años
Authors: Fernández Paxtián Belén
Published: April 2021

Introducción: la ingesta accidental de cuerpos extraños (CE) en niños, es considerada un problema de salud. En el 2014 en Estados Unidos de Norteamérica, el Centro de Control de la Asociación Americana de Envenenamientos reportó que más de 128 000 pacientes habían ingerido un CE; más del 69% había ocurrido en menores de 5 años y 83%, en menores de 19 años.
Objetivo: identificar y describir las características clínicas y demográficas asociadas con la ingesta accidental de un cuerpo extraño por pacientes de 4 a 8 años edad atendidos en el Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, que permita formular estrategias preventivas, aplicables en esta población.
Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo observacional, se revisaron expedientes de 75 pacientes entre los 4 a 8 años de edad, de los cuales 65 reunieron los criterios para el estudio, ingresados por diagnóstico de ingesta de cuerpo extraño, tratados en el HIMFG durante el periodo de 2016-2017. Se excluyeron quienes presentaron un problema de salud que condicionara este riesgo (deterioro neurológico) y que fuera habitante de casa hogar. Se obtuvieron medidas de tendencia central y dispersión para las variables cuantitativas  (media, desviación estándar, intervalo de confianza de 95%). Se calcularon frecuencias relativas de las variables cualitativas.
Resultados: en el hogar es donde ocurre el evento con un 91.9%, el accidente tiene mayor incidencia durante el juego, en un 80.6%;  sobresale la ingesta de objetos sólidos, ocupando el 91.9% con las monedas. Los padres son quienes se encuentran en el momento del evento y trasladan a los pacientes a recibir atención médica 87.1% y el 51.6% de este tipo de accidentes. Se produjeron en día no hábil; los niños no acuden a la escuela. Se considera el viernes como fin de semana pues cada último viernes del mes no hay clases.
Conclusión: el juego es un factor que sí influye en este comportamiento, es importante dirigir la atención preventiva, mediante la aplicación de reglas que establezcan límites en el juego y no dejarlas al alcance de los niños.
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN PETANI KARET DI KECAMATAN INDRALAYA UTARA KABUPATEN OGAN ILIR PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Syamsuddin Taufik
Published: April 2021

Analisis Pendapatan Petani Karet di Kecamatan Indralaya Utara Kabupaten Ogan Ilir Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pendapatan petani karet yang ada di Kecamatan Indralaya Utara Kabupaten Ogan Ilir. Data yang diperoleh dari hasil kuisioner atau wawancara langsung dengan petani karet yang ada di Kecamatan Indralaya Utara. Produksi karet yang diperoleh oleh petani karet di Kecamatan Indralaya Utara Kabupaten Ogan Ilir ada memperoleh produksi tinggi, dan ada yang memperoleh produksi rendah walaupun dengan harga tetap 15 ribu/kg. Biaya yang dikeluarkan oleh petani karet di Kecamatan Indralaya Utara Kabupaten Ogan Ilir pada tahun 2016. Untuk luas lahan karet 1 ha petani karet mengeluarkan biaya sebesar Rp. 1.700.000 dalam setahun. dan untuk luas lahan petani karet mengeluarkan biaya sebesar Rp. 2.400.000. Pendapatan yang diperoleh petani karet di Kecamatan Indralaya Utara Kabupaten Ogan Ilir yang luas lahan 1 ha memperoleh pendapatan sebesar Rp. 32.400.000 sampai Rp. 43.200.000 dalam satu tahun. dan yang luas lahan 2 ha memperoleh pendapatan sebesar Rp. 64.800.000-86.400.000 dalam satu tahun.
Сільський «зелений» туризм як каталізатор розвитку місцевої економіки в процесі децентралізації влади
Authors: Yakymchuk Alina , Popadynets Nazariy , Valyukh Andriy , Skrypko Tetyana , Levkov Krasimir
Published: April 2021

Мета. Мета статті полягає у формуванні економічних засад розвитку сільського «зеленого» (екологічного) туризму в процесі децентралізації влади як каталізатора розвитку місцевої економіки, виявлення причин і факторів, що сприяють чи гальмують його розвиток, обґрунтування фінансових механізмів стимулювання його розвитку.

Методологія / методика / підхід. Методологічною основою дослідження для виокремлення економічної важливості сфери сільського «зеленого» (екологічного) туризму стали методи аналізу й синтезу інформації та діалектичний метод, а також метод економічного аналізу та статистичний метод. Дослідження ґрунтується на застосуванні кореляційно-регресійного аналізу залежності чисельності туристів, які обслуговуються туроператорами та турагентами, від ВВП держави, що припадає на душу населення. Для оцінювання якості побудованої лінійної регресійної моделі використано коефіцієнти кореляції та детермінації. Перевірку статистичної значущості моделі здійснено на основі критеріїв Фішера та Стьюдента.

Результати. Подано авторське тлумачення терміна сільський «зелений» (екологічний) туризм як різновид туризму, що полягає в подорожах туристів до природних сільських, недоторканих людиною природоохоронних територій на основі раціонального природокористування з пізнавальною метою та для відпочинку, що відповідає концепції сталого розвитку. Проаналізовано стан сільського туризму за період 2012–2019 рр., а також стан туристичної активності на прикладі Рівненської області (2000–2019 рр.).

Оригінальність / наукова новизна. Установлено залежність чисельності туристів, які обслуговуються туроператорами та турагентами, від ВВП держави, що припадає на душу населення. Уперше сформовано пріоритети розвитку сільського «зеленого» (екологічного) туризму, виявлено й узагальнено фактори позитивного й негативного впливу на прикладі конкретних дестинацій у процесі децентралізаційної реформи, обґрунтовано застосування етнофестивалів як інноваційної форми активізації туризму в межах регіональних ландшафтних парків та інших категорій природно-заповідного фонду. Удосконалено засади розвитку інклюзивного туризму. Подальшого розвитку набули засади формування стратегічного розвитку туризму на основі фактичних стратегій на загальнодержавному та місцевому рівнях.

Практична цінність / значущість. Сформовано передумови вдосконалення природно-заповідного фонду як основи розвитку сільського «зеленого» (екологічного) туризму. Внесено пропозиції щодо вдосконалення «Стратегії розвитку туризму Зеленого шляху «Медове коло» на 2018–2022 роки» як важливої туристичної дестинації на основі нових туристичних продуктів. Окреслено переваги розвитку інклюзивного туризму.
Meditação na redução do estresse em profissionais de saúde na pandemia do Covid-19
Authors: Melo Bárbara de Caldas , Souza Brenda Tayrine Tavares , Pancheniak Gracyellen , Rauber Suliane Beatriz , De Jesus Bernardo , Guedes Mariana Reis , Pereira da Cruz Rosiberton , Freitas Paulo Henrique Delfino de
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: descrever a influência da meditação para atenuar o estresse dos profissionais de saúde expostos aos riscos de adoecimento psicológico frente à pandemia do COVID-19. Método: revisão narrativa de 09 artigos identificados com os descritores saúde mental, meditação, infecções por coronavírus, pessoal de saúde, nas bibliotecas Scielo e Medline. Resultados: A meditação no ambiente de trabalho apresenta efeitos positivos na redução do estresse e demais sintomas emocionais e físicos, apresentando-se como um modo eficaz para atenuar sintomas de estresse do combate à pandemia do COVID-19. Conclusão: a meditação amplia a autopercepções, treina a mente e desenvolve um estado de relaxamento.
Anestésicos e anestesia locais: revisão narrativa de literatura para a prática clínica
Authors: Fleury Bruno Antonio Gonçalves , Dalla Corte Ludimila de Macedo , Costa Gabriel França , Villa Juliano de Carvalho , Parry Denis Carvalho
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: revisar a literatura sobre elementos-chave para a utilização correta dos anestésicos locais. Método: revisão narrativa de 41 trabalhos disponíveis na bases de dados Medline/PubMed, BIREME e publicações da Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia (SBA). Resultados: foram descritos os mecanismos de ação, a farmacocinética, a farmacodinâmica, as doses máximas, a técnica de diluição, as situações de alerta e as condutas frente à suspeita de intoxicação. Também foram descritas as particularidades de grupos como neonatos, gestantes e idosos. Conclusão: os resultados deste estudo compõe o acervo de conhecimento que tornam o profissional mais capacitado para o uso do anestésico local.
Field-scale soil moisture bridges the spatial-scale gap between drought monitoring and agricultural yields
Authors: Vergopolan Noemi , Xiong Sitian , Estes Lyndon , Wanders Niko , Chaney Nathaniel W. , Wood Eric F. , Konar Megan , Caylor Kelly , Beck Hylke E. , Gatti Nicolas , Evans Tom , Sheffield Justin
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Soil moisture is highly variable in space and time, and deficits (i.e.,
droughts) play an important role in modulating crop yields. Limited
hydroclimate and yield data, however, hamper drought impact monitoring and
assessment at the farm field scale. This study demonstrates the potential of using field-scale soil moisture simulations to support high-resolution agricultural yield prediction and drought monitoring at the smallholder farm field scale. We present a multiscale modeling approach that combines HydroBlocks – a physically based hyper-resolution land surface model (LSM) – with machine learning. We used HydroBlocks to simulate root zone soil moisture and soil temperature in Zambia at 3 h 30 m resolution. These simulations, along with remotely sensed vegetation indices, meteorological data, and descriptors of the physical landscape (related to topography, land cover, and soils) were combined with district-level maize data to train a random forest (RF) model to predict maize yields at district and field scales (250 m). Our model predicted yields with an average testing coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.57 and mean absolute error (MAE) of 310 kg ha−1 using year-based cross-validation. Our predicted maize losses due to the 2015–2016 El Niño drought agreed well with losses reported by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Our results reveal that soil moisture is the strongest and most reliable predictor of maize yield, driving its spatial and temporal variability. Soil moisture was also a more effective indicator of drought impacts on crops than precipitation, soil and air temperatures, and remotely sensed normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)-based drought indices. This study
demonstrates how field-scale modeling can help bridge the spatial-scale gap
between drought monitoring and agricultural impacts.
A tailored multi-model ensemble for air traffic management: Demonstration and evaluation for the Eyjafjallajökull eruption in May 2010
Authors: Plu Matthieu , Scherllin-Pirscher Barbara , Arnold Arias Delia , Baro Rocio , Bigeard Guillaume , Bugliaro Luca , Carvalho Ana , El Amraoui Laaziz , Eschbacher Kurt , Hirtl Marcus , Maurer Christian , Mulder Marie , Piontek Dennis , Robertson Lennart , Rokitansky Carl-Herbert , Zobl Fritz , Zopp Raimund
Published: April 2021

Abstract. High quality volcanic ash forecasts are crucial to minimize the economic impact of volcanic hazards on air traffic. Decision-making is usually based on numerical dispersion modeling with only one model realization. Given the inherent uncertainty of such approach, a multi-model multi-source term ensemble has been designed and evaluated for the Eyjafjallajökull eruption in May 2010. Its use for air traffic management is discussed. Two multi-model ensembles were built: the first is based on the output of four dispersion models and their own implementation of ash ejection. All a priori model source terms were constrained by observational evidence of the volcanic ash cloud top as a function of time. The second ensemble is based on the same four dispersion models, which were run with three additional source terms: (i) a source term obtained with background modeling constrained with satellite data (a posteriori source term), (ii) its lower bound estimate, and (iii) its upper bound estimate. The a priori ensemble gives valuable information about the probability of ash dispersion during the early phase of the eruption, when observational evidence is limited. However, its evaluation with observational data reveals lower quality compared to the second ensemble. While the second ensemble ash column load and ash horizontal location compare well to satellite observations, 3D ash concentrations are negatively biased. This might be caused by the vertical distribution of ash, which is too much diluted in all model runs, probably due to defaults in the a posteriori source term and vertical transport and/or diffusion processes in all models. Relevant products for the air traffic management are horizontal maps of ash concentration quantiles (median, 75 %, 99 %) at a fine-resolved flight level grid. These maps can be used for route optimization in the areas where ash does not pose a direct and urgent threat to aviation. Cost-optimized consideration of such hazards will result in much less impact on flight cancellations, reroutings, and traffic flow congestions.
An analysis of temporal scaling behaviour of extreme rainfall in Germany based on radar precipitation QPE data
Authors: Pöschmann Judith Marie , Kim Dongkyun , Kronenberg Rico , Bernhofer Christian
Published: April 2021

Abstract. We investigated the depth–duration relationship of maximum rainfall over all of Germany based on 16 years of radar-derived quantitative precipitation estimates (namely, RADKLIM-YW, German Meteorological Service) with a space–time resolution of 1 km2 and 5 min. Contrary to the long-term historic records that identified a smooth power law scaling behaviour between the maximum rainfall depth and duration, our analysis revealed three distinct scaling regimes of which boundaries are approximately 1 h and 1 d. A few extraordinary events dominated a wide range of durations and deviate to the usual power law. Furthermore, the shape of the depth–duration relationship varied with the sample size of randomly selected radar pixels. A smooth scaling behaviour was identified when the sample size was small (e.g. 10 to 100), but the original three distinct scaling regimes became more apparent as the sample size increases (e.g. 1000 to 10 000). Lastly, a pixel-wise classification of the depth–duration relationship of the maximum rainfall at all individual pixels in Germany revealed three distinguishable types of scaling behaviour, clearly determined by the temporal structure of the extreme rainfall events at a pixel. Thus, the relationship might change with longer time series and can be improved once available.
Numerical solutions of the flexure equation
Authors: Hindle David , Besson Olivier
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The 4th order differential equation describing elastic flexure of the lithosphere is one of the cornerstones of geodynamics, key to understanding topography, gravity, glacial isostatic rebound, foreland basin evolution and a host of other phenomena. Despite being fully formulated in the 1940’s, a number of significant issues concerning the basic equation have remained overlooked to this day. We first explain the different fundamental forms the equation can take and their difference in meaning and solution procedures. We then show how numerical solutions to flexure problems in general as they are currently formulated, are potentially unreliable in an unpredictable manner for cases where the coefficient of rigidity varies in space due to variations of the elastic thickness parameter. This is due to fundamental issues related to the numerical discretisation scheme employed. We demonstrate an alternative discretisation that is stable and accurate across the broadest conceivable range of conditions and variations of elastic thickness, and show how such a scheme can simulate conditions up to and including a completely broken lithosphere more usually modelled as an end loaded, single, continuous plate. Importantly, our scheme will allow breaks in plate interiors, allowing for instance, the creation of separate blocks of lithosphere which can also share the support of loads. The scheme we use has been known for many years, but remains rarely applied or discussed. We show that it is generally the most suitable finite difference discretisation of fourth order, elliptic equations of the kind describing many phenomena in elasticity, including the problem of bending of elastic beams. We compare the earlier discretisation scheme to the new one in 1 dimensional form, and also give the 2 dimensional discretisation based on the new scheme.We also describe a general issue concerning the numerical stability of any second order finite difference discretisation of a fourth order differential equation like that describing flexure where contrasting magnitudes of coefficients of different summed terms lead to round off problems which in turn destroy matrix positivity. We explain the use of 128 bit, floating point storage for variables to mitigate this issue.
Agentes económicos e instituciones públicas en la configuración del mercado del hierro vasco (siglos XIV-XVI): poder, crédito y finanzas
Authors: Vitores Casado Imanol
Published: April 2021

A lo largo de los siglos bajomedievales diversas iniciativas y estrategias posibilitaron el desarrollo de una potente industria siderúrgica en los territorios vascos. Fruto de la interacción de agentes económicos e instituciones públicas, la producción de hierro y acero va a dotarse de un temprano y desarrollado marco legal, enfocado, en parte, a impulsar y proteger una actividad económica sobre la que bascula o depende en última instancia el abastecimiento de la región. Más allá de las desigualdades institucionales que caracterizaron en esta época a los territorios de Vizcaya, Guipúzcoa y Álava, las relaciones de poder entabladas por los grupos inmiscuidos en el sector favorecieron la superposición de determinados intereses, no siempre favorables o del agrado de una mayoría. Consciente de su indudable carácter estratégico, la monarquía desempeña igualmente un papel fundamental en este proceso, en tanto en cuanto atiende y arbitra las necesidades de concejos, Juntas y propietarios de minas e industrias, al mismo tiempo que proporciona toda una batería de incentivos para el fomento de la producción; salvaguardando no obstante los intereses generales de la Corona. Partiendo de dichas premisas y poniendo el foco de atención en las esferas del poder, la práctica económica y la fiscalidad, el presente trabajo pretende exponer y articular este complejo entramado de actuaciones e intereses que acabaron configurando el mercado del hierro vasco en unos precisos e inequívocos términos.
César Fornis, El mito de Esparta. Un itinerario por la cultura occidental, Madrid, Alianza Editorial, 2019, 386 pp. [ISBN: 978-84-9181-612-6].
Authors: Echeverría Fernando
Published: April 2021

Reseña del libro de César Fornis, El mito de Esparta. Un itinerario por la cultura occidental, Madrid, Alianza Editorial, 2019, 386 pp. [ISBN: 978-84-9181-612-6].
La influencia de la fotografía americana del siglo XIX en el imaginario cinematográfico del western clásico. El caso de Río Rojo de Howard Hawks (1948)
Authors: Jimeno-Aranda Ricardo , Parras-Parras Alicia
Published: April 2021

Este artículo realiza un análisis historiográfico comparativo entre el trabajo de tres fotógrafos estadounidenses del siglo XIX: Charles D. Kirkland (1857-1926), Dan Dutro (1848-1918) o L. A. Huffman (1879-1931) cuyas fotografías sobre el Oeste americano, siguiendo la hipótesis apuntada por Roger Tailleur, sirvieron no sólo como documentación, sino que también influyeron en la construcción estética del filme Red River de Howard Hawks (1948). Para ello se ha consultado material inédito, como es el caso de las fotografías de Dan Dutro, digitalizadas especialmente para esta investigación, y se ha estudiado en profundidad la relación entre fotografía y western llegando a conclusiones que prueban la influencia en el filme de los tres fotógrafos anteriores y de otros, como Erwin E. Smith (1886-1947).
CONCEPTUAL STUDY OF SMRITIBHRANSHA w.s.r. TO DEMENTIA IN GERIATRICS
Authors: Talawar Pratiksha dundappa
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT:
Geriatrics is the Greek word in which â€œGeronâ€ means old man & â€œIatrosâ€ means healer. Geriatric medicine is a speciality that focuses on health care of elderly people. Ayurveda used the words such as Vriddha, Vardhakya, Jara to denote the aging. In Ashtang Ayurveda there are eight divisions from which Jarachikitsa is one of the important branch1.
There are many disorders related to geriatrics including dementia. Dementia is broad category of brain diseases that cause a long term and often gradual decrease in ability to think and remember that is great enough to affect a person's daily functioning2. The most common affected area includes memory, visual-spatial, language, attention & problem solving3. Old age is not a disease itself but the elderly are vulnerable to long term diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, stroke, diabetes,musculoskeletal& mental disorders. Many diseases results in dementia.
In Ayurveda classics there is no separate chapter regarding this condition but the signs along with pathogenesis of dementia can be understood in terms of Smritibransha.In this paper the Ayurvedic perspective of pathogenesis of dementia in geriatrics has been discussed & also suggested the guidelines of management of dementia through Ayurveda which can be beneficial for geriatric patients.
STUDY OF AVEDHYA SIRA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO LOHITAKSHA
Authors: Kulkarni Swarup Purushottam
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT â€“
Sushrutacharya is the pioneer of Ayurved Rachana Sharir and Ayurvedic Shalya Tantra. He has mentioned various concepts in Rachana Sharir in the Sushrut samhita sharirsthan. In 7th adhyaya of the sharirsthan, he has given the meticulous information regarding the Siras of the human body. In the same adhyaya the Acharya has named some Avedhya Siras which should not be punctured during the treatment aspect. The Lohitaksha sira is one of them. So, it is essential to know the details of this lohitaksha sira which is present in shakhapradesh (Both extremities). So, for this purpose, this study is to clarify the perception of Lohitaksha sira with the help of modern anatomy. Lohitaksha is also a marma which is vital spot in the human body. So, lohitaksha sira can be called as marmashrit sira.
A Review study of Kriya sharir of Kesh (Hairs)
Authors: Bangarwar Chandrasekhar Yadavrao , Eppalpalli Sanita A.
Published: April 2021

Health comprises of both, body and mind. Ayurveda aims at maintaining the health of a healthy person and to treat the diseased. Scalp hair is responsible for beauty, appearance of personality and protection. â€œThe hair is the richest ornament of a womanâ€- Martin Luther. It brings oneâ€™s self-image into focus. There are an increasing number of panicked people coming to the doctor with the complaint of hair loss. Due to modern lifestyle, food, environment etc, people are more likely to lose hair at early age. Therefore more awareness about hair health is observed in the society.  This article mentions the possible ways of enhancement of strength and beauty of scalp hair through the principles of achieving good health (Swasthy Prapti) as explained in Ayurveda. The scope of this article deals with understanding of all aspects of Kesha (Hair) mentioned in the Samhitas of Ayurveda.
Review on Management of Hypertension through Shirodhara
Authors: Nigudkar Govinda Gopal , Padavi Dnyaneshwar M.
Published: April 2021

Shirodhara is an Ayurvedic healing practice performed in India for over 5000years. Shirodhara, one of the classical Ayurvedic treatment in which medicated liquid is poured continuously on the forehead. This procedure induces a relaxed state of awareness that results in a dynamic psycho-somatic balance. Shirodhara is one of the most powerful treatments to relieve Vata (wind) in the mind. Shirodhara is the specific treatment for these orders and any other disorder that is stress related.  With eighty percent of all disease attributed to stress, Shirodhara becomes one of the most important treatments.
Description of Seasons in Charakasamhita
Authors: Vaidya Jayashree Rajendra
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
 
Charakasamhita is one of the old texts of Ayurveda. It describes not only treatment of diseases but also the preventive measures. It describes the healthy way of life. The code of conduct and preventive measures of the diseases (rutucharya) for each season are described in the sixth chapter of sutrasthana in Charakasamhita. 
One type of classification of seasons is Varsha, Sharad, Hemanta, Shishira, Vasanta, and Grishma,.  Another type of classification is Pravrut, Varsha, Sharad, Hemanta, Vasanta, and Grishma. The present literature review study discusses about the mentions of Shishira and Pravrut seasons in the text and their significance.
Earlier carakas have elaborated the concept of Shishira season which was indicated by AgniveÅ›a. Special features of Shishira season are mentioned. The code of conduct is given to be same as that of Hemanta season. Pravrut is initial time of Varsha season. It is very important for a clinician. It is used to perform â€˜shodhana treatmentâ€™ as well as certain medicines. This important time of the year has special significance. Therefore even though it is not a separate season, it is treated as a separate season.
Therefore, even though 7 seasons are mentioned in the whole text, the number of the seasons is said to be 6 only.
Role of leech therapy in surgical diseases
Authors: Lad Priyanka Vaijenath , Kedare Nita
Published: April 2021

Since ancient times Leeches were used to treat many diseases through bloodletting. According to Ayurveda Leech therapy is para surgical treatment modality. It is also called as bloodletting therapy. The description about leech therapy found in Sushrut Samhita.Sushruta has described the nature of leeches, their habit and method of application. Leeches secrete more than 20 identified bioactive substances such as Antistasin, Eglins, Eumerin, Hirudinetc. These enzymes have Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory as well as Antimicrobial effect. An enzyme has the ability to stay in the blood and do vasodilatation and further facilitate the blood supply to the surrounding tissue and helps to promote healing. Leeches were the primitive tool of surgical procedures since ages and the importance of leeches has not been diminished in modern era also and hence it can be used as conservative treatment in surgical diseases like Thrombosed haemorrhoids, Cellulitis and abscess and surgical intervention can be avoided.