bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Evaluation of Alginate Microspheres of Paracetamol: Effect of Different Concentrations of Cross linking Agent and Coating
Authors: Dnyandeo Tambe Bhavana
Published: March 2022

The present work is to formulate the mucoadhesive microspheres loaded Paracetamol using calcium chloride as a cross linking agent by isotropic gelatin method. The study focused on the effect of different concentrations of cross linking agent and coating on the dissolution profile of Microspheres using sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (SCMC) as coating agent. Microspheres were prepared by using 2% sodium alginate aqueous solution with three different concentrations (5%, 10%, 15% w/v) of cross linking agent (CaCl2), followed by coating with 2% sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (low viscosity grade). Uncoated microspheres were evaluated for micromeritic properties like angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, Carr’s index, and Hauser’s ratio and for drug content. The in vitro drug release study was done for both uncoated and coated microspheres.

The physical parameters such as Drug contents, bulk density, tap density, angle of repose, carr’s index, hausnor’s ratio and In Vitro drug release studies were determined. Further studies are needed to investigate this formulation for its performance.
Mucormycosis: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management
Authors: Rauthan Pratibha , Sharma Deepak Chand
Published: March 2022

Mucormycosis (black fungus) is caused by Mucor and Rhizopus. After getting affected such warning signs; pain and redness around the eyes and nose, fever, headache, coughing, shortness of brain, bloody vomit can see. It can suspect in COVID-19 patients, diabetics, or immunosuppressed individuals. Mucormycosis, if not cared it may be turned fatal. Mucormycosis can cause different types of infections: rhino-cerebral, pulmonary, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and dissemination mucormycosis. In a study β- hydroxybutyrate (a representative of ketone bodies) and elevated serum iron levels were the major factors that enhanced expression of both CotH and GRP78, whereas lactic acidosis did not affect their expression. In addition, sodium bicarbonate reversed the effect of acidosis and protected β- hydroxybutyrate –treated mice from mucormycosis, implying the significance of correction acidosis as a treatment measure in patients with DKA and mucormycosis. The objective of this paper is screening, different pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of Mucormycosis. An additional factor that significantly contributes to the poor prognosis of these infections is the inherent resistance of Mucorales to the most available antifungals, with amphotericin-B, posaconazole, and isavuconazole considered the most potent antifungals in vitro. According to the studies Rhizopus arrhizus is present in 85% of rhino-cerebral forms, compared with only 17% of non-rhino cerebral forms. However, recent data enlarge the antifungal armamentarium with the US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency’s approval of the new triazole isavuconazole, however, comparative clinical data are lacking, and the respective places of polyenes and different azoles need to be discussed.
Role of Transdermal Drug Delivery System
Authors: Alam Aftab , Machale Manjunath U , Yadav Rajkumar Prasad , Sharma Mukesh , Patel Akshay Kumar
Published: March 2022

For several decades, many drug types, including tablets, capsules, pills, creams, ointments, liquids, injectables, have been used for the treatment of disease. These dosage forms must be taken multiple times a day to maintain the concentration of the medication. Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), also known as “patches,” are dosage forms Built to deliver a therapeutically efficient quantity of medicine through the skin of a patient. By increasing patient compliance and preventing first pass metabolism, transdermal delivery offers a leading edge over injectables and oral routes. Transdermal drug delivery provides the patient with controlled release of the drug, allowing for a stable blood level profile, leading to decreased systemic side effects and often increased effectiveness over other types of dosage. The primary objective of the transdermal drug delivery system is to deliver drugs with minimal inter-and intrapatient variations into systemic circulation via the skin at a fixed rate.To address the difficulties of drug distribution, primarily oral routes, the transdermal drug delivery system was implemented. Modifications of the materials used were mainly limited to refinements. The present review paper discusses the overall research on the transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) leading to the current drug delivery system (NDDS). We used convectional dosage method earlier, but we are now using a novel system of drug delivery. The transdermal patch is one of the biggest advances in the delivery of new medicines. The value of the transdermal drug delivery system is that it is a painless drug administration procedure. There are variables that influence the bioavailability of transdermal products. Such as physiochemical and biological factors. Iontophoresis, phonophoresis, electroporation and micro needles, etc, are many new techniques that have drawn interest due to technological development.
Comparison of the Effects of Peppermint Aromatherapy and Intravenous Ondansentron on The Incidence of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (Ponv) Laparotomy with General Anesthesia
Authors: Wulandari Riani , Wijaya Dadik Wahyu , Nasution Akhyar Hamonangan
Published: March 2022

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting is known as Post Operative Nausea And Vomiting (PONV). Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is multifactorial and is strongly influenced by physiological factors. PONV was defined as nausea and/or vomiting occurring 24 hours postoperatively. Non-pharmacological/complementary therapies that can be used to prevent and reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting include aromatherapy. Peppermint aromatherapy can be a quick onset alternative to antiemetic therapy and is easy to administer. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the difference between the effects of peppermint aromatherapy and intravenous ondansetron on the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) laparotomy with general anesthesia at H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan and Network Hospital. Methods: This study is a clinical trial and uses a double-blind randomized controlled trial study design on subjects who underwent laparotomy surgery under general anesthesia at Haji Adam Malik Hospital and Network Hospital with 36 people with patients aged 18-65 years with ASA 1 and 2 physical status. who underwent laparotomy surgery under general anesthesia. Results: Statistically, there was a significant difference in PONV scores between the peppermint and ondansetron groups occurring at time T1 (15 minutes after treatment), where the p-value <0.05. Meanwhile, at times T0, T2, T3, there was no statistically significant difference in the PONV scores between the two groups, where the p-value> 0.05. Conclusion: Peppermint aromatherapy was better at reducing postoperative laparotomy with general anesthesia than standard intravenous 4 mg of ondansetron therapy, especially in the early minutes after surgery.
Formulation and Evaluation of Paracetamol Effervescent Tablet
Authors: Tambe Bhavana Dnyandeo
Published: March 2022

Oral dosage forms are the most popular way of taking medication, despite having some disadvantages compared with other methods like risk of slow absorption of the medicament, which can be overcome by administering the drug in liquid form, therefore, possibly allowing the use of a lower dosage. However, instability of many drugs in liquid dosage form limits its use. Effervescent technique can be used as alternate to develop a dosage form which can accelerate drug disintegration and dissolution, is usually applied in quick release preparations. The tablet is added into a glass of water just before administration and the drug solution or dispersion is to be drunk immediately. The tablet is quickly broken apart by internal liberation of CO2 in water due to interaction between tartaric acid and citric acid with alkali metal carbonates or bicarbonates in presence of water. Due to liberation in CO2 gas, the dissolution of API in water as well as taste masking effect is enhanced Along with the development of new pharmaceutical technique, effervescent tablet are more and more extensively to adjust the behavior of drug release, such as in sustained and controlled release preparations, pulsatile drug delivery systems, and so on. In present work an attempt has been made to formulate an effervescent tablet containing immediate release of paracetamol using various acids and bases. In present work we are used different acids and bases in different concentration. The formulation of tablets was done by using wet granulation as well as dry granulation in that technique wet granulation which was found acceptable. Then formulated tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, weight variation, and disintegration time . From study it was concluded that F5 shows the better result than the F1, F2, and F3 & F4.
Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of Leaves Extract of Pithecellobium Dulce In Experimental Animals
Authors: Sul Komal , Chaware Vitthal , Redasani Vivek
Published: March 2022

Objective: To evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of leaves extract of Pithecellobiumdulce in experimental rats.

Methods: For the generation of Hepatotoxicity ,paracetamol (2g/kg) was administered orally for  7days, accompanied by a 7-day dose of Ethanolic extract of Pithecellobiumdulceleaves(100mg/kg,  200mg/kg, and400mg/kg, p.o.)using 1 % w/v CMC as a vehicle.

Results: From the present investigation, it was observed that ethanolic extract of Pithecellobium dulce have shown significant reduction in serum glutamate oxaloacetate transminase (SGOT),serum glutamate pyruvate transminase (SGPT),alkaline phosphatase (ALP) triglyceride, bilirubin  level in paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity.

Conclusion: The findings in this study revealed the effectiveness of ethanolic extract of Pithecellobiun dulce against hepatotoxicity activity.
A single case study: Excision of Medojagranthi (PedunculatedLipoma)
Authors: Patel Saurabh , Sharma Rajesh Kumar , Patel Vaibhavi
Published: March 2022

A Lipoma is benign tumor made of fat tissue as per modern that resemble in Ayurveda as Granthi in general and medojagranthi as specific.In ayurvedic classic charaka and Sushruta mentioned the management of medojagranthi is the sakoshensastrendagdhvai.e total excision. In this case a 55 years old female patient visited OPD of Shalya tantra with complaints of hanging painless mass like swelling at right gluteal region. On the basis of clinical findings and USG report a lipoma was diagnosed and excision was done under local anaesthesia (2% lignocaine hydrochloride with adrenaline). After excision there was 60*54*24 mm size pedunculated lipoma noted. Hence this case highlighted that lipoma can occur at unusal place like gluteal region and need the excision.
Drug Discovery of Griseofulvin : A Review
Authors: Jumiati Rinda , Chandra Boy , Asra Dan Ridho
Published: March 2022

Background: Griseofulvin is a fungistatic antifungal drug used to treat dermatophytosis. Dermatophytes that      are often found include Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Epidermophyton floccosum.

Purpose: This review article aims to discuss the drug discovery review of griseofulvin.

Data Source: The author created this review article using the literature study method relevant to the purpose of the review. Sources of information from national journals and international journals  that are accessed through online sites such as Google Scholar, Research Gate, Science Direct, Springer Link, and NCBI. Key words were used to find the journals, namely griseofulvin, dermatophyte, toxicity.

Conclusion: The conclusion of this article is that griseofulvin is used as an antifungal drug containing chlorine from Penicillium griseofulvum isolated      against mycelium fungus. This drug is non-toxic, so it is effective and safe to fight various types of fungal infections of the skin such as tinea capitis and remains the drug of choice for dermatophytes.
Influence of the Cultivator Working Body Parameters on the Soil Crumbling Quality
Authors: Kambulov S. I. , Parkhomenko G. G. , Babenko O. S. , Bozhko I. V.
Published: March 2022

It was shown that soil is a specific type of natural resource that can be renewed when reasonably cultivated by various tillage methods. It requires the availability of working bodies that meet the qualitative agrotechnical indicators of the technological process. (Research purpose) To improve the design of the working body meeting the qualitative agrotechnical indicators of the shallow tillage technological process. (Materials and methods) The main agrotechnical indicators of the cultivator's working body were determined. (Results and discussion) It was proved that the working bodies developed at the Agrarian Scientific Center "Donskoy" meet the agrotechnical requirements for the indicators of the shallow tillage technological process in terms of the crumbling quality: the content of fractions less than 25 millimeters in size in the treated soil layer is 81-92 percent in terms of quantitative composition. It was found out that the highest quality of seam crumbling during the shallow tillage process with a predominant content of fractions less than 25 millimeters in size (on average 90-91 percent) was made possible with the help of a working body with a 30-degree rack sharpening angle. It was determined that at the same time the share of erosive dust-like particles increased by 1.3-3.0 percent, which is unacceptable due to the agrotechnical requirements for shallow tillage. (Conclusions) Working bodies with a rack sharpening angle of 50 and 70 degrees and a paw opening angle of 94, 104 and 114 degrees compile with agrotechnical requirements for all qualitative indicators of the shallow tillage technological process and can be applied as anti-erosion ones when used in the combined units equipped with a device for mulching the surface soil layer on stubble backgrounds without preliminary processing.
Reproductive potential repair in men with varicocele
Authors: Roitberg Grigory E. , Dorosh Zhanna V. , Tarasova Tatyana V. , Saushev Igor V. , Tyurina Elena P. , Shuligina Irina V.
Published: March 2022

Relevance. In majority of men, varicose veins of the testicle - varicocele - does not cause discomfort and is asymptomatic, and scrotal pain only bothers 10 % of patients. In 2/3 of cases, varicocele is a clinical finding. In this case, varicocele is the most common cause of male infertility. Aim of the study. Recovery of the reproductive potential of patients with varicocele. Materials and Methods. In 219 patients with varicocele, weve carried an ejaculate study out (WHO, 2010) 3, 6, 12 months after surgical treatment of varicocele. We considered the reproductive function restored by normozoospermia in the ejaculate and the onset of pregnancy in the spouse during the follow - up period of 12 months. Results and Discussion. The 2/3 men of the 219 patients with varicocele had ejaculate abnormalities. The age of patients who were diagnosed with pathospermia was 31+11 years. 66 (39.5 %) patients with varicocele had spermatozoa with reduced mobility. After surgical treatment (varicocelectomy according to Marmara), normozoospermia was present almost in every second man. Nevertheless, the number of pregnancies in a married couple was higher than 6 months after varicocelectomy - 24(32.8 %). The surgical method of treatment of varicocele allows to restore the reproductive function of a man in 30 %. In our study, normozoospermia after varicocelectomy was recorded in almost every second patient. Ultrasound changes in the testicle with varicocele are an unfavorable prognosis for the restoration of male fertility. Conclusion. Surgical treatment of varicocele can recover the reproductive potential of almost every second man of reproductive age. Moreover, a greater number of pregnancies six months right after the operation were registered in spouses.
Aprendizagens emergentes dos diferentes papéis desempenhados pelos alunos no modelo Sport Education
Authors: Amato Camila , Oliveira Eduardo Rodrigues de , Leonardi Thiago José , Ginciene Guy
Published: March 2022

Com o objetivo de analisar os acontecimentos que emergiram da utilização do modelo Sport Education (SE) em uma unidade de ensino dos esportes de invasão, com enfoque nos diferentes papéis desempenhados pelos(as) alunos(as), foi realizada uma pesquisa-ação em um projeto de extensão. O estudo envolveu dois coordenadores, dois professores e uma professora que, em um processo de reflexão e ação, ministraram aulas para 14 crianças de sete a 11 anos. As reuniões foram gravadas e posteriormente transcritas. As aulas foram registradas em diários de campo individuais pelos três professores. Todas essas informações passaram pela análise temática. Os resultados apontaram que o código de condutas e o papel de treinador(a) auxiliaram a direcionar a atenção dos(as) alunos(as) para os objetos da unidade didática, como as atitudes e os conhecimentos tático-técnicos.
PEMBELAJARAN DARING DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA MELALUI METODE BERNYANYI PADA ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Saidah Saidah , Sumitra Agus , Wulansuci Ghina
Published: March 2022

This research is motivated by the fact in the field that the speaking ability of early childhood group B Kober Nurussalam is still low due to the selection of learning methods that are less interesting and less varied. The singing method is one of the learning methods chosen in this study. Therefore, this study aims to describe the scenario and implementation of the singing method on the speaking ability of early childhood in online learning. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with the research subjects of group B children Kober Nurussalam totaling 11 people. Collecting data using interview instruments, observation sheets, and documentation. Data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and verification or concluding. This study showed that the children's speaking ability developed very well after the singing method was carried out in eight meetings. Singing is a fun activity for children that gives satisfaction to children so that children can express their thoughts by saying words or sounds. These results imply that children's speaking skills can be developed through the singing method.Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh fakta di lapangan bahwa kemampuan berbicara anak usia dini kelompok B Kober Nurussalam masih rendah dikarenakan pemilihan metode pembelajaran yang kurang menarik dan kurang bervariasi. Metode bernyanyi merupakan salah satu metode pembelajaran yang dipilih dalam penelitian ini. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan skenario dan implementasidari metode bernyanyi terhadap kemampuan berbicara anak usia dini dalam pembelajaran daring. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan subjek penelitian anak kelompok B Kober Nurussalam yang berjumlah 11 orang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen wawancara, lembar observasi, dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis melalui reduksi data, display data dan verifikasi atau penarikan kesimpulan. Penelitian ini menunjukan hasil bahwa kemampuan berbicara anak berkembang sangat baik setelah dilakukan metode bernyanyi dalam delapan kali pertemuan. Bernyanyi merupakan kegiatan yang menyenangkan bagi anak yang memberi kepuasan kepada anak sehingga anak mampu mengekspresikan pikiran dengan mengucapkan kata-kata atau suara. Hasil tersebut memberikan implikasi bahwa kemampuan berbicara anak dapat dikembangkan melalui metode bernyanyi.
Lower Motor Neuron Facial Palsy Following COVID-19 Infection and COVID-19 AstraZeneca Vaccine Administration: Case Reports
Authors: Omer Amira Siddig , Ahmed Khabab Mohamed , Mohammed Omer A. , Awdelseed Hager Abdelaziz Ahmed , Abbasher AlHussien , Abbasher Mohammed , Abbasher Abubaker Alsedig , Ahmed Abbasher Hussien Mohamed
Published: March 2022

COVID-19 is a multi-system disorder. Bell’s palsy is a lower motor
neuron lesion that is uncommon after COVID-19 or related vaccinations.
We documented two incidences of Bell’s palsy in this study, one after
she was exposed to COVID-19 and the other after he was exposed to
AstraZeneca Vaccine.
Characteristics of Deliveries Resulting in Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Multi-Centred Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Hehir Mark , Berkowitz Richard , Pettker Christian , Seligman Neil , DAlton Mary , Andrikopoulou Maria , Havens Stephanie , Huang Yongmei , Jain Joses , Mehlhaff Krista , (USA) Alex Friedman
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE: To characterize clinical management of deliveries resulting
in neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. DESIGN: Retrospective case
series SETTING: Three academic referral medical centers in the United
States POPULATION: All neonates ≥35 weeks’ gestation with HIE based on
cord blood pH<7.0, base deficit of ≥12.0mmol/L, along with
relevant radiological, laboratory, and clinical findings. METHODS:
Clinical management was characterized based on whether (i)delivery
occurred within 120 minutes of presentation, (ii)delivery occurred due
to a sentinel event such as cord prolapse or uterine rupture, and
(iii)the fetal heart rate tracing(FHR) demonstrated variability,
accelerations, or both upon presentation and in the half hour before
delivery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relationship of mode of delivery to FHR
tracing characteristics at delivery. Obstetric outcomes, labour course
and management were analysed. RESULTS: Of 144,904 deliveries, 102
maternal-newborn dyads met criteria. Of these, 19 delivered within 120
of minutes of presentation and four further women experienced a sentinel
event. Of the remaining 79, 66(84%) had a FHR tracing on presentation
that demonstrated variability, accelerations or both. Of these 66 cases,
27 had a fetal heart tracing that demonstrated variability,
accelerations or both in the 30 minutes preceding delivery. CONCLUSION:
Approximately two-thirds of cases of HIE occurred in cases where the FHR
tracing initially demonstrated variability, accelerations, or both,
without a sentinel event and without a condition requiring delivery
within 120 minutes of presentation. Of these >40% had
variability, accelerations, or both in the half hour before delivery.
This suggests additional insights are required to prevent some cases of
HIE.
THE USE OF 3D PRINTED MODEL AS A RECONSTRUCTION AID IN THE MANAGEMENT OF AN EXTENSIVE AMELOBLASTOMA OF THE MANDIBLE
Authors: Odhiambo Walter , Gatune James , Guthua Symon , Muraguri Chris
Published: March 2022

Ameloblastoma is a benign jaw tumor that can grow to a very huge size
with high rate of recurrence. The large tumours pose a challenge during
resection and reconstructive surgery. We present a massive ameloblastoma
of the mandible that was surgically treated with the aid of 3D printed
model.
Teaching Ethnographic Methods for Cultural Anthropology: Current Practices and Needed Innovation
Authors: Ruth Alissa , Woolard Katherine , Sangaramoorthy Thurka , McKinley Jones Brayboy Bryan , Beresford Melissa , Brewis Alexandra , Bernard H. Russell , Glegziabher Meskerem Z. , Hardin Jessic , Harper Krista , Mahdavi Pardis , Snodgrass Jeffrey G. , SturtzSreetharan Cindi , Wutich Amber
Published: March 2022

Historically, ethnographic methods were learned by cultural anthropology students in individual research projects. This approach creates challenges for teaching in ways that respond to the next generation’s calls to decenter anthropology’s White, heteropatriarchal voices and engage in collaborative community-based research. Analyzing syllabi from 107 ethnographic methods training courses from the United States, we find the tradition of the “lone researcher” persists and is the basis of ethnographic training for the next generation. There is little evidence of either active reflection or team-based pedagogy, both identified as necessary to meet career opportunities and diversification goals for the wider field of cultural anthropology. However, we also find that, by centering the completion of largely individual research projects, most ethnographic methods courses otherwise adhere to best practices in regard to experiential and active learning. Based on the analysis of syllabi in combination with current pedagogical literature, we suggest how cultural anthropologists can revise their ethnographic methods courses to incorporate pedagogy that promotes methodologies and skills to align with the needs of today’s students and communities.
Heat transfer by liquid convection in particulate fluidized beds
Authors: Jacimovski Darko , Brzic Danica , Garic-Grulovic Radmila , Pjanovic Rada , Djuris Mihal , Arsenijevic Zorana , Boskovic-Vragolovic Nevenka
Published: March 2022

In this work the theoretical model for heat transfer from a wall to a liquid-solid fluidized bed by liquid convective mechanism has been proposed and developed. The model is based on thickness of boundary layer and film theory. The key parameter in the model is the distance between two adjacent particles which collide with the wall. According to the proposed model, the liquid convective heat transfer in a fluidized bed is 4 to 5 times more intense than in a single-phase flow. Additionally, the wall-to-bed heat transfer coefficient has been measured experimentally in water?glass particles fluidized bed, for different particle sizes. Comparison of the model prediction with experimental data has shown that size of the particles strongly influences the mechanism of heat transfer. For fine particles of 0.8 mm in diameter, the liquid convective heat transfer model represents adequately the experimental data, indicating that particle convective mechanism is negligible. For coarse particles of 1.5?2 mm in diameter, the liquid convective heat transfer mechanism accounts for 60 % of the overall heat transfer coefficient.
Reassessing the public debt threshold in the EU: Do macroeconomic conditions matter?
Authors: Ostrihoň Filip , Siranova Maria , Workie Menbere
Published: March 2022

This paper explores the relationship between debt and growth in the 28 EU member states over the 1995-2014 period using an interacted panel data estimator in standard augmented Solow growth regression. The nonlinear nature of the debt-growth relationship allows for computation of the optimal turning point given the set of four conditioning variables. Additionally, the heterogeneity in EU members? growth rates is explored by a panel data quantile regression estimator with nonadditive fixed effects. The results suggest that while additional government consumption decreases the level of growth-maximizing debt, the level of private debt has a positive impact on the optimal turning point. On average, estimated optimal debt thresholds are located in the vicinity of the policy-set 60% debt-to-GDP ratio; however, the observed high heterogeneity in the underlying data results in wide confidence intervals.
High voltage gain resonant DC-DC converter with vm cells for renewable sources applications
Authors: Hasanzadeh Saeed , Salehi Seyed , Najafi Ehsan , Horri Farinaz
Published: March 2022

Due to the widespread impact of renewable energy resources on high power
density grids, transmission at the DC regime has been considered more useful
than AC transmission systems. The findings of this study suggest the
application of a ripple-free input current resonant DC-DC converter
possessing high voltage gain and high efficiency as being more suitable for
renewable energy systems. Applying variable switching frequency control
systems, the proposed converter discussed here is generally operated at the
critical conduction mode for soft switching of the semiconductor switches.
Using the resonance mechanism, the proposed converter causes a decrease in
the turn-on loss of the power switch without needing additional
semiconductor gadgets. It leads to a reduction in the reverse-recovery
losses of the rectifying diodes. Also, analysis and design consideration of
the proposed converter are presented with excellent performance.
Utility of Diabetes Type–Specific Genetic Risk Scores for the Classification of Diabetes Type Among Multiethnic Youth
Authors: Oram Richard A. , Sharp Seth A. , Pihoker Catherine , Ferrat Lauric , Imperatore Giuseppina , Williams Adrienne , Redondo Maria J. , Wagenknecht Lynne , Dolan Lawrence M. , Lawrence Jean M. , Weedon Michael N. , D’Agostino Ralph , Hagopian William A. , Divers Jasmin , Dabelea Dana
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE

Genetic risk scores (GRS) aid classification of diabetes type in White European adult populations. We aimed to assess the utility of GRS in the classification of diabetes type among racially/ethnically diverse youth in the U.S.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We generated type 1 diabetes (T1D)- and type 2 diabetes (T2D)-specific GRS in 2,045 individuals from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study. We assessed the distribution of genetic risk stratified by diabetes autoantibody positive or negative (DAA+/−) and insulin sensitivity (IS) or insulin resistance (IR) and self-reported race/ethnicity (White, Black, Hispanic, and other).

RESULTS

T1D and T2D GRS were strong independent predictors of etiologic type. The T1D GRS was highest in the DAA+/IS group and lowest in the DAA−/IR group, with the inverse relationship observed with the T2D GRS. Discrimination was similar across all racial/ethnic groups but showed differences in score distribution. Clustering by combined genetic risk showed DAA+/IR and DAA−/IS individuals had a greater probability of T1D than T2D. In DAA− individuals, genetic probability of T1D identified individuals most likely to progress to absolute insulin deficiency.

CONCLUSIONS

Diabetes type–specific GRS are consistent predictors of diabetes type across racial/ethnic groups in a U.S. youth cohort, but future work needs to account for differences in GRS distribution by ancestry. T1D and T2D GRS may have particular utility for classification of DAA− children.
Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events, Severe Hypoglycemia, and All-Cause Mortality in Postpancreatitis Diabetes Mellitus Versus Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Olesen Søren S. , Viggers Rikke , Drewes Asbjørn M. , Vestergaard Peter , Jensen Morten H.
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE

Postpancreatitis diabetes mellitus (PPDM) is a frequent complication of pancreatitis and associates with poor glycemic control. We investigated the risk of adverse diabetes-related outcomes in PPDM compared with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In this Danish population-based cohort study, we included adults (>18 years) with incident PPDM or type 2 diabetes between 1998 and 2018 through national health registries. PPDM was further divided into acute (PPDM-A) and chronic (PPDM-C) subtypes. We ascertained risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), severe hypoglycemia, and all-cause mortality as well as incidence rates of severe hypoglycemia. We compared risk and incidence rates across diabetes subgroups using multivariate Cox and Poisson regression analyses.

RESULTS

We identified 383,325 people with incident type 2 diabetes, 3,418 with PPDM-A, and 2,461 with PPDM-C. Compared with type 2 diabetes, PPDM-C was associated with increased risks of severe hypoglycemia (hazard ratio [HR] 5.27, 95% CI 4.62–6.00, P < 0.001) and all-cause mortality (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.45–1.64, P < 0.001). Similar patterns were observed for people with PPDM-A. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for severe hypoglycemia were increased in both PPDM-C (IRR 7.38, 95% CI 6.75–8.08, P < 0.001) and PPDM-A (IRR 3.76, 95% CI 3.36–4.21, P < 0.001) compared with type 2 diabetes. Findings were consistent in an analysis restricted to people on insulin and in an analysis including pancreatitis patients without diabetes as comparator group.

CONCLUSIONS

Compared with type 2 diabetes, PPDM is associated with excess risk of adverse diabetes-related outcomes. This has important implications for management.
Effects of Intensive Lifestyle Intervention on All-Cause Mortality in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Overweight/Obesity: Results From the Look AHEAD Study
Authors: Wing Rena R. , Clark Jeanne M. , Gregg Edward W. , Kritchevsky Stephen B. , Lewis Cora E. , Pi-Sunyer F. Xavier , Reboussin David M. , Wadden Thomas A. , Wagenknecht Lynne E. , Yanovski Susan Z. , Group the Look AHEAD Research
Published: March 2022

Background.
Look AHEAD, a randomized trial comparing intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI)
and diabetes support and education (DSE) (control) in 5145 individuals with
overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes, found no significant differences in all-cause
or cardiovascular mortality or morbidity during 9.6 (median) years of intervention.
Participants in ILI who lost ≥10% at 1 year
had lower risk of composite cardiovascular outcomes relative to DSE.

Objective:
Since effects of ILI may take many years to emerge, we conducted
intent-to-treat analyses comparing mortality in ILI over 16.7 years (9.6 year
of intervention and then observation) to DSE. In
a secondary exploratory analysis, we compared mortality by magnitude of
weight loss in ILI relative to DSE.

Methods.
Primary outcome was all-cause mortality from randomization to 16.7 years. Other
outcomes included cause-specific mortality, interactions by sub-groups (age, sex,
race/ethnicity, CVD history) and an exploratory analysis by magnitude of weight
loss in ILI vs DSE as reference. Analyses used
proportional hazards regression and likelihood ratio.

Results. The incidence of all-cause mortality did not
differ significantly in ILI and DSE (549 and 589 participants respectively); HR
= 0.91; 95% CI (0.81,1.02), p=0.11. There were no significant differences between
treatments in cause-specific mortality or within prespecified subgroups. ILI participants who lost ≥10% at 1 year had a
21% reduced risk of mortality (HR=0.79, CI 0.67,0.94, p=0.007) relative to DSE.

Conclusions. ILI focused
on weight loss did not significantly affect mortality risk. However, ILI participants
who lost ≥10% had reduced mortality relative to DSE.
Determinants of 25-hydroxyvitamin D Status in a Cutaneous Melanoma Population
Authors: De Smedt Julie , Van Kelst Sofie , Janssen Laudine , Marasigan Vivien , Boecxstaens Veerle , Stas Marguerite , Vanderschueren Dirk , Guler Ipek , Bogaerts Kris , Vandenberghe Katleen , Bechter Oliver , Billen Jaak , Nikkels Arjen , Strobbe Tine , Emri Gabriella , Lambrechts Diether , Garmyn Marjan
Published: March 2022

Vitamin D status is influenced by well-known determinants, but factors associated with low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in the cutaneous melanoma population are not well defined. The aim of this study was to confirm the well-known determinants and to assess new determinants for 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in a cutaneous melanoma population. In a prospectively included cohort of 387 patients with cutaneous melanoma the association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with sex, age, body mass index, time of blood withdrawal, Fitzpatrick phototype, vitamin D supplementation, score for intensity of lifetime sun exposure, smoking, education level, hair and skin colour, eye colour, total number of benign naevi, freckles and parameters of chronic sun damage was investigated. In addition, 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were correlated with pathological parameters of the primary tumour and melanoma stage (8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed using R software. The following factors had a significant effect on vitamin D status: body mass index, seasonal time of blood sampling, vitamin D supplementation, and a subtype of skin, and hair colour.
Sustained CD19+CD27+ Memory B Cell Depletion after Rituximab Treatment in Patients with Pemphigus Vulgaris
Authors: Boch Katharina , Langan Ewan A. , Schmidt Enno , Zillikens Detlef , Ludwig Ralf J. , Bieber Katja , Hammers Christoph M.
Published: March 2022

Abstract is missing (Short communication)
Maternal immunometabolism adaptation in pregnancy
Authors:   , Rees April
Published: March 2022

Pregnant women undergo a series of metabolic and immunologic changes to ensure provision of nutrients to, and prevent rejection of, the fetus. To ensure continuous supply of glucose to the fetus, the mother increases glucose production, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. To meet her own energy demands, the mother transitions from lipid storage to lipolysis. To prevent rejection of the fetal semi-allograft, the mother’s immune system must be regulated, whilst maintaining protection against pathogens. Hypothesis: Well-recognised metabolic changes in pregnancy could impact maternal immune function. The aims of this project are to landscape the lipidomic profile using novel mass spectrometry techniques, and to determine whether monocytes undergo metabolic adaptation, if this occurs at 28 weeks of gestation, and if maternal obesity sabotages immunological adaptations. In addition, aims included investigation into the mechanisms which may protect the mother and fetus against SARS-CoV-2. Key findings unveiled significant phenotypic adaptations in the monocyte subsets during pregnancy, which are sabotaged by obesity. As the effect of maternal obesity is poorly understood, other immunological adaptations were investigated which revealed a shift to a Th1 and Th17 response which might contribute to the detrimental effects of obesity on pregnancy. At term, the monocytes illustrate a strong metabolic adaptation where their oxidative phosphorylation capabilities are reduced, confirmed by alterations in their mitochondria, with a downstream effect on their functionality with reduced production of lipid mediators and cytokines. While risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 is low to pregnant women and the fetus, there is increased risk of preterm birth and admission into ICU. The fetus is relatively protected against infection, with cases of vertical transmission being rare. This thesis illustrates an elevated presence of soluble SARS-CoV-2 related molecules in breast milk and amniotic fluid which are postulated to act as decoy traps for the virus, which protects the neonate. In conclusion, this thesis has revealed novel findings into the immunometabolism adaptation to pregnancy.
Aktivnost' yadernogo faktora transkripcii κB v populyaciyah limfocitov u detej c psoriazom
Authors: Купцова Д. Г. , Петричук С. В. , Мурашкин Н. Н. , Курбатова О. В. , Радыгина Т. В. , Хотко А. А. , Иванов Р. А.
Published: March 2022

Izmeneniya v putyah peredachi vnutrikletochnyh signalov, vliyayushchih na aktivaciyu immunnyh kletok, proliferaciyu i differencirovku keratinocitov pri psoriaze, mogut ob"yasnit' slozhnyj patogenez zabolevaniya. Odnim iz putej peredachi vnutrikletochnyh signalov yavlyaetsya NF-κB, uchastvuyushchij v regulyacii bol'shogo kolichestva provospalitel'nyh genov i vliyayushchij na produkciyu provospalitel'nyh citokinov, neposredstvenno uchastvuyushchih v razvitii psoriaza. Cel'yu issledovaniya bylo ocenit' chislo kletok s translokaciej NF-κB v populyaciyah limfocitov u detej c psoriazom v zavisimosti ot tyazhesti zabolevaniya i provodimoj terapii. Obsledovano 130 detej s vul'garnym psoriazom. V gruppu sravneniya voshli 30 zdorovyh detej. Issledovanie provodili metodom protochnoj citometrii s vizualizaciej Amnis ImageStreamX. Pokazano, chto chislo kletok s translokaciej NF-κB dostoverno razlichalos' v populyaciyah limfocitov kak u detej s psoriazom, tak i v gruppe sravneniya. U detej s psoriazom vyyavleno povyshenie chisla kletok s translokaciej NF-κB v populyaciyah T-helperov, Tact, Treg i Th17 po sravneniyu so zdorovymi det'mi (p < 0,05). CHislo kletok s translokaciej NF-κB u detej s psoriazom sootnositsya s tyazhest'yu sostoyaniya po PASI (Rmn = 0,32), BSA (Rmn = 0,31) i dlitel'nost'yu zabolevaniya (p < 0,05). Opredelenie NF-κB mozhet byt' rassmotreno kak dopolnitel'nyj kriterij ocenki tyazhesti sostoyaniya u detej s psoriazom. Pokazany razlichiya v stepeni snizheniya chisla kletok s translokaciej NF-κB cherez sutki posle vvedeniya biologicheskoj terapii (adalimumab, etanercept, ustekinumab). Issledovanie aktivacii NF-κB v populyaciyah kletok otkryvaet perspektivy ponimaniya patogeneticheskih mekhanizmov vospaleniya i razrabotki novyh metodov lecheniya psoriaza.
Questioning Intercultural Communication Skills Absence in Five Algerian Universities Digital Challenge
Authors: KORAN Aziza , SARNOU Hanane
Published: March 2022

COVID-19 pandemic has had a hard impact on all educational sectors where access to schools, educational institutions, and university campuses is forcibly halted. In this context, the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research urged teachers to move from face-to-face to online learning to mitigate the spread of the virus, keep up the regular schedule and save the academic year. This paper highlights the issues, perspectives, and pedagogical practices of the instructors’ overnight change, switching pre-existing face-to-face learning to the online environment. It also refers to the challenge of those learners lacking intercultural communication skills needed to participate virtually. The researchers used the documentary research method to develop their leading research question and analyse existing research documents and other e-sources of information such as university and government reports, newspapers, PDF books, papers, and YouTube channels to collect relevant data for this study. As a result, we could illustrate the Algerian universities’ response and analyse government and university sources such as newspaper articles and ministry decrees. Therefore, we believe that the emergency to digitalize teaching in our higher institutions is a significant opportunity to keep engaged in the online environment now and after the pandemic and take advantage of the universities’ best pedagogical practices. Thus, prepare for the online shift to better address the digital divide by promoting equal opportunities for all students to access the Internet, possess and effectively use Information and Communication Technology (ICTs) to fully participate in the modern educational system.
Investigating the Effects of Critical Reading Skills on Students’ Reading Comprehension
Authors: A. Al Roomy Muhammad
Published: March 2022

Critical reading is an indispensable learning skill that students need both inside and outside the classroom. Even though many attempts haave been made to unravel the impact of critical reading on Second Language (L2) reading, there is a paucity of investigations examining the effect of critical reading combined with students’ active role. The study raises three questions. They are: 1) What are the students’ views about reading comprehension and critical reading skills? And2) What difficulties do students encounter when they read? And3) how can critical reading strategies improve students’ reading comprehension? Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate how critical reading skills can enhance students reading’ comprehension while working in groups. For the sake of this study, data were gathered from an open-ended questionnaire distributed to university students before intervention, learning logs, and participant observations. The results of the study revealed significant effects of critical reading skills on students’ reading comprehension at different levels. Students viewed reading as an active dynamic process that motivated the activation of higher order thinking skills and helped students tap into their prior experiences to approach the reading materials. It also showed how implementing a rich repertoire of critical reading skills enabled students to overcome reading problems as they could read not just what is directly stated but what is being communicated between and beyond the lines. The findings offered several pedagogical implications and recommendations for further research.
The Responses and Attitudes of the University of Nottingham Students toward Learning Styles
Authors: Asghar Talib Pawan
Published: March 2022

This research was carried out to add to the current literature on learning styles by explaining various understandings of the topic and the previous research on it. Studies and information on learning styles and strategies are abundant, and the need for more research stems from the recent move towards student-centered classes. This paper is an attempt to do more specific research on the subject and answer the question of what the correlations are between learning styles and different factors such as gender and learner’s cultural background. This study was conducted at the University of Nottingham. Seventy students have participated in the survey, 34 males and 36 females. The participants’ nationalities were mixed, which was essential for the study; Kurdish (20%), British (40%), European States (10%) and Asian (17.1%). The questionnaire results were analysed by using IBM SPSS Statistics 21 software. Frequency tests, Correlation analysis, T-Tests, and One-way ANOVA test of the available data were studied. The findings show that Kurdish learners are auditory learners compared to other nationalities. Also, the study showed that language learners are more visually inclined learners than learners from the other majors. Finally, future researchers may expand on the findings of this paper by getting a larger sample.
Linguistic Landscape of Bilingual Shop Signs in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Jeza Alotaibi Wafa , Alamri Ohoud
Published: March 2022

Shop signs are a visible indication of the linguistic landscape of a place, hence the need for public policies to control, particularly, bottom-up signs in situations where there are issues, such ensuring consistency and correct representation in the second language. To investigate the linguistic landscape of bilingual shop signs in Saudi Arabia, this study examines the lettering in bilingual shop signs in shopping malls in Riyadh and Jeddah in terms of relative size, information, and the quality of English-Arabic (E-A) and Arabic-English (A-E) transliteration or translation. This was done in view of the national policy in Saudi Arabia which aims to ensure correct Arabisation when inconsistencies have been observed in the Arab world. Moreover, it gives an indication of the linguistic landscape, which is necessary given the need to prepare the kingdom for the Saudi 2030 Vision and cater to the growing number of international visitors. Altogether, 184 signboards were observed and categorised, of which 68 were shortlisted for further analysis. Of these, 54 were A-E signs and 17 were E-A signs, with two in both categories. The majority (83.3%) of signs were bilingual with slight variation in relative size and display of information. Same sized lettering was displayed in 66.7%, and the same information in 64.8%. Remedial suggestions are given for language policy-makers to address the issue found of a few inconsistent and erroneous transliterations and spellings, which together accounted for 9.3%. Overall, the case is not as bad in Saudi Arabia as noted in some other Arab countries