bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sediment undulations induced by free gas in muddy marine sediments: A modeling approach
Authors: Katsman Regina
Published: June 2013

Sediment undulations observed on the continental shelf in muddy prodeltas are often marked by the presence of gas in the upslope location. The growth and migration of bubbles within fine‐grained muddy sediments are associated with sediment fracturing that damages the sediment and changes its effective mechanical properties. The presented theoretical investigation demonstrates by modeling that undulations may be induced by creep deformations downslope from the region with gas presence. Comparison of the dimensions of the modeled undulations with the observed ones suggests that the undulations may be enhanced over time by different processes, e.g., by the different types of the sediment deposition.
Thermo‐economic Optimization of Gas Turbine Power Plant with Details in Intercooler
Authors: Khorasani Nejad Ehsan , Hajabdollahi Farzaneh , Hajabdollahi Zahra , Hajabdollahi Hassan
Published: June 2013

In this paper a gas turbine power plant with intercooler is modeled and optimized. The intercooler is modeled in details using the ε − NTU method. Air compressor pressure ratio, compressor isentropic efficiency, gas turbine isentropic efficiency, turbine inlet temperature, cooling capacity of the absorption chiller, recuperator effectiveness as well as eight parameters for configuration of the intercooler are selected as design variables. Multi‐objective genetic algorithm is applied to optimize the total cost rate and total cycle efficiency simultaneously. Two plants including an intercooler and with/without air preheater are studied separately. It is observed that the air compressor pressure ratio in the HP compressor is higher than the LP compressor in both cases and its differences are higher for a plant without an air preheater. Actually the air compressor pressure ratio is found to be about 8.5% lower than the ideal value and 9.5% higher than the ideal value in the LP compressor and HP compressor, respectively, in the case with an air preheater. Moreover, a correlation for intercooler pressure drop in terms of its effectiveness was derived in the optimum situation for each case. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 42(8): 704–723, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.21051
Observations of late winter Canadian tundra snow cover properties
Authors: Rees Andrew , English Michael , Derksen Chris , Toose Peter , Silis Arvids
Published: June 2013

Tundra snow cover is important to monitor as it influences local, regional, and global‐scale surface water balance, energy fluxes, as well as ecosystem and permafrost dynamics. Observations are already showing a decrease in spring snow cover duration at high latitudes, but the impact of changing winter season temperature and precipitation on variables such as snow water equivalent (SWE) is less clear. A multi‐year project was initiated in 2004 with the objective to quantify tundra snow cover properties over multiple years at a scale appropriate for comparison with satellite passive microwave remote sensing data and regional climate and hydrological models. Data collected over seven late winter field campaigns (2004 to 2010) show the patterns of snow depth and SWE are strongly influenced by terrain characteristics. Despite the spatial heterogeneity of snow cover, several inter‐annual consistencies were identified. A regional average density of 0.293 g/cm3 was derived and shown to have little difference with individual site densities when deriving SWE from snow depth measurements. The inter‐annual patterns of SWE show that despite variability in meteorological forcing, there were many consistent ratios between the SWE on flat tundra and the SWE on lakes, plateaus, and slopes. A summary of representative inter‐annual snow stratigraphy from different terrain categories is also presented. © 2013 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Hydrological Processes. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Review on pharmacological pain management in trauma patients in (pre‐hospital) emergency medicine in the Netherlands
Authors: Dijkstra B.M. , Berben S.A.A. , van Dongen R.T.M. , Schoonhoven L.
Published: June 2013

Pain is one of the main complaints of trauma patients in (pre‐hospital) emergency medicine. Significant deficiencies in pain management in emergency medicine have been identified. No evidence‐based protocols or guidelines have been developed so far, addressing effectiveness and safety issues, taking the specific circumstances of pain management of trauma patients in the chain of emergency care into account. The aim of this systematic review was to identify effective and safe initial pharmacological pain interventions, available in the Netherlands, for trauma patients with acute pain in the chain of emergency care. Up to December 2011, a systematic search strategy was performed with MeSH terms and free text words, using the bibliographic databases CINAHL, PubMed and Embase. Methodological quality of the articles was assessed using standardized evaluation forms. Of a total of 2328 studies, 25 relevant studies were identified. Paracetamol (both orally and intravenously) and intravenous opioids (morphine and fentanyl) proved to be effective. Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) showed mixed results and are not recommended for use in pre‐hospital ambulance or (helicopter) emergency medical services [(H)EMS]. These results could be used for the development of recommendations on evidence‐based pharmacological pain management and an algorithm to support the provision of adequate (pre‐hospital) pain management. Future studies should address analgesic effectiveness and safety of various drugs in (pre‐hospital) emergency care. Furthermore, potential innovative routes of administration (e.g., intranasal opioids in adults) need further exploration.
A Double‐Blind Parallel Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of a Single Dose of Ketoprofen in Cancer Pain
Authors: Stambaugh John , Drew Janet
Published: June 2013

The analgesic effects of single oral doses of ketoprofen 100 and 300 mg, the combination of aspirin 650 mg plus codeine 60 mg, and placebo were compared under double‐blind conditions in 160 hospitalized patients with cancer pain. At baseline and at 30 minutes and hourly for 6 hours after treatment, patients evaluated their pain intensity and pain relief. The 100 mg ketoprofen dose was significantly (P < 0.05) superior to placebo for all 14 derived efficacy parameters; the 300 mg dose was significantly superior to placebo in all assessments except derived onset of relief. Aspirin plus codeine was significantly (P < 0.05) superior to placebo for nine of the 14 assessments. No statistically significant differences were observed among active treatments for any of the 14 derived parameters. The number of patients with a “good” response was greatest in the ketoprofen 100 mg group (55%); the numbers of good responders in the aspirin plus codeine (37.5%) and the ketoprofen 300 mg (30%) groups were comparable. The three active treatment groups were not significantly different from each other for patient response. The numbers of patients requiring rescue analgesic were significantly (P < 0.05) lower for both ketoprofen groups, but not for the aspirin plus codeine group, as compared with the placebo group. Twenty‐three percent of the 160 patients reported adverse experiences, but there were no significant differences between the treatment groups in the number or type of experience. These results show that ketoprofen is as effective and well tolerated as aspirin plus codeine in relieving cancer pain.
Sclerostin Regulates Release of Bone Mineral by Osteocytes by Induction of Carbonic Anhydrase 2
Authors: Kogawa Masakazu , Wijenayaka Asiri R , Ormsby Renee T , Thomas Gethin P , Anderson Paul H , Bonewald Lynda F , Findlay David M , Atkins Gerald J
Published: June 2013

The osteocyte product sclerostin is emerging as an important paracrine regulator of bone mass. It has recently been shown that osteocyte production of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) is important in osteoclastic bone resorption, and we reported that exogenous treatment of osteocytes with sclerostin can increase RANKL-mediated osteoclast activity. There is good evidence that osteocytes can themselves liberate mineral from bone in a process known as osteocytic osteolysis. In the current study, we investigated sclerostin-stimulated mineral dissolution by human primary osteocyte-like cells (hOCy) and mouse MLO-Y4 cells. We found that sclerostin upregulated osteocyte expression of carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2/Car2), cathepsin K (CTSK/Ctsk), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (ACP5/Acp5). Because acidification of the extracellular matrix is a critical step in the release of mineral from bone, we further examined the regulation by sclerostin of CA2. Sclerostin stimulated CA2 mRNA and protein expression in hOCy and in MLO-Y4 cells. Sclerostin induced a decrease in intracellular pH (pHi) in both cell types as well as a decrease in extracellular pH (pHo) and the release of calcium ions from mineralized substrate. These effects were reversed in the co-presence of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, acetozolamide. Car2-siRNA knockdown in MLO-Y4 cells significantly inhibited the ability of sclerostin to both reduce the pHo and release calcium from a mineralized substrate. Knockdown in MLO-Y4 cells of each of the putative sclerostin receptors, Lrp4, Lrp5 and Lrp6, using siRNA, inhibited the sclerostin induction of Car2, Catk and Acp5 mRNA, as well as pHo and calcium release. Consistent with this activity of sclerostin resulting in osteocytic osteolysis, human trabecular bone samples treated ex vivo with recombinant human sclerostin for 7 days exhibited an increased osteocyte lacunar area, an effect that was reversed by the co-addition of acetozolamide. These findings suggest a new role for sclerostin in the regulation of perilacunar mineral by osteocytes. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The variability of the Southeast Asian summer monsoon
Authors: Misra V. , DiNapoli S.
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

In this article, we focus on the analysis of the climate variability of the Southeastern Asian Summer Monsoon (SEAM) region encompassing Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos and parts of southern China. This region is climatologically found to have one of the longest wet seasons in the Asian monsoon region (of nearly 160 d) and also exhibits one of the strongest interannual variations in the length of the monsoon (wet) season. The interannual variations of the length of the SEAM are characterized by corresponding variations in the onset and demise pentad dates of the wet season, with the former dominating slightly over the latter except over Myanmar. Our study reveals that the pentad of late onset of SEAM is characterized by anomalous increase in remote moisture source from Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea while a substantial decrease of moisture source from the near Andaman Sea and Gulfs of Martaban and Thailand. Furthermore, anomalously strong June–August Somali Jet is found to be associated with earlier than normal onset of the SEAM. Similarly, the pentad of late demise of the SEAM features excess moisture source from the South China Sea associated with a slow eastward withdrawal of the north Pacific subtropical high.

We suggest on the basis of the findings of this study that careful monitoring of the onset the SEAM season will provide important information on the evolution of an ongoing SEAM. Likewise observing low level winds over the northern equatorial Indian Ocean, Bay of Bengal, Gulfs of Martaban and Thailand and South China Sea could be very useful in understanding the seasonal variability of the SEAM. Finally, monitoring of the demise would be equally helpful in characterizing the variation of the concluded SEAM as the length of the wet season seems to be a very robust climate feature of the region. © 2013 Royal Meteorological Society
Selective formation of diblock copolymers using radical trap‐assisted atom transfer radical coupling
Authors: Butcher William E. , Radzinski Scott C. , Tillman Eric S.
Published: June 2013

Polystyrene (PSt) radicals and poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) radicals, derived from their monobrominated precursors prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), were formed in the presence of the radical trap 2‐methyl‐2‐nitrosopropane (MNP), selectively forming PSt‐PMA diblock copolymers with an alkoxyamine at the junction between the block segments. This radical trap‐assisted, atom transfer radical coupling (RTA‐ATRC) was performed in a single pot at low temperature (35 °C), while analogous traditional ATRC reactions at this temperature, which lacked the radical trap, resulted in no observed coupling and the PStBr and PMABr precursors were simply recovered. Selective formation of the diblock under RTA‐ATRC conditions is consistent with the PStBr and PMABr having substantially different KATRP values, with PSt radicals initially being formed and trapped by the MNP and the PMA radicals being trapped by the in situ‐formed nitroxide end‐capped PSt. The midchain alkoxyamine functionality was confirmed by thermolysis of the diblock copolymer, resulting in recovery of the PSt segment and degradation of the PMA block at the relatively high temperatures (125 °C) required for thermal cleavage. A PSt‐PMA diblock formed by chain extenstion ATRP using PStBr as the macroinitiator (thus lacking the alkoxyamine between the PSt‐PMA segements) was inert to thermolysis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3619–3626
Positron lifetime spectroscopy in ordered nanoporous polymers
Authors: Engbrecht Jason , Green David , Hillmyer Marc A. , Olson David , Todd Eric M.
Published: June 2013

Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) is a common technique used to characterize the porosity of polymers. Here, we expand its use to the study of ordered nanoporous polymer monoliths. Polystyrene (PS) monoliths with aligned cylindrical pores ranging in diameters from 15 to 35 nm were examined. Such large pores push the boundaries of the PALS technique. To achieve robust measurement, our system used larger detectors than those typically used for monolithic polymer samples. This was done to improve data rates while sacrificing timing resolution. Pore sizes determined using PALS were consistent with measurements made using small angle x‐ray scattering. In addition, PALS was able to detect the collapse of the pores when the monolithic sample was heated above theTgof PS. Because PALS measurements are not sensitive to the nature of the order within the structure nor are they, sensitive to the open or closed nature of the pores this technique could be expanded to a variety of other sample types. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1157–1161
Trajectory of parental hope when a child has difficult‐to‐treat cancer: a prospective qualitative study
Authors: Granek L. , Barrera M. , Shaheed J. , Nicholas D. , Beaune L. , D'Agostino N. , Bouffet E. , Antle B.
Published: June 2013

Objective

This prospective and longitudinal study was designed to further our understanding of parental hope when a child is being treated for a malignancy resistant to treatment over three time points during the first year after diagnosis using a qualitative approach to inquiry.

Methods

We prospectively recruited parents of pediatric cancer patients with a poor prognosis who were treated in the Hematology/Oncology Program at a large children's hospital for this longitudinal grounded theory study. Parents were interviewed at three time points: within 3 months of the initial diagnosis, at 6 months, and at 9 months. Data collection and analysis took place concurrently using line‐by‐line coding. Constant comparison was used to examine relationships within and across codes and categories.

Results

Two overarching categories defining hope as a positive inner source were found across time, but their frequency varied depending on how well the child was doing and disease progression: future‐oriented hope and present‐oriented hope. Under future‐oriented hope, we identified the following: hope for a cure and treatment success, hope for the child's future, hope for a miracle, and hope for more quality time with child. Under present‐oriented hope, we identified hope for day‐to‐day/moment‐to‐moment, hope for no pain and suffering, and hope for no complications.

Conclusions

For parents of children with a diagnosis of cancer with a poor prognosis, hope is an internal resource that can be present and future focused. These views fluctuated over time in response to changes in the child's well‐being and disease progression. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new atmospheric dataset for forcing ice–ocean models: Evaluation of reforecasts using the Canadian global deterministic prediction system
Authors: Smith Gregory C. , Roy François , Mann Philip , Dupont Frédéric , Brasnett Bruce , Lemieux Jean‐François , Laroche Stéphane , Bélair Stéphane
Published: June 2013

Despite the availability of several atmospheric reanalyses (e.g. ERA‐Interim) there exists both considerable uncertainty in surface forcing fields for ice/ocean modelling and sensitivity to the choice of product used. Here we introduce a relatively high‐resolution alternative forcing dataset for ice–ocean models derived from the Canadian Meteorological Centre's (CMC) global deterministic prediction system (GDPS). A set of daily 30 h reforecasts is produced using the GDPS 33 km resolution model providing hourly atmospheric forcing fields for the period 2002–2011. The CMC GDPS reforecasts (CGRF) are compared with ERA‐Interim and several observational datasets to evaluate their suitability for forcing ocean models. In particular, the surface temperature, humidity and winds of the CGRF show equivalent biases to those found in ERA‐interim. Moreover, the higher resolution of the CGRF permit a more detailed representation of atmospheric structures and topographic steering, resulting in finer‐scale coastal features and wind‐stress curl. Although the CGRF dataset is not a reanalysis and thus is expected to be less well constrained by available observations, its higher resolution and small bias make it an attractive alternative for forcing ice‐ocean models.
Assume-guarantee synthesis for digital contract signing
Authors: Chatterjee Krishnendu , Raman Vishwanath
Published: June 2013

We study the automatic synthesis of fair non-repudiation protocols, a class of fair exchange protocols, used for digital contract signing. First, we show how to specify the objectives of the participating agents and the trusted third party as path formulas in linear temporal logic and prove that the satisfaction of these objectives imply
fairness
; a property required of fair exchange protocols. We then show that
weak
(
co-operative
)
co-synthesis
and
classical
(
strictly competitive
)
co-synthesis
fail, whereas
assume-guarantee synthesis
(
AGS
) succeeds. We demonstrate the success of AGS as follows: (a) any solution of AGS is
attack-free
; no subset of participants can violate the objectives of the other participants; (b) the Asokan–Shoup–Waidner certified mail protocol that has known vulnerabilities is not a solution of AGS; (c) the Kremer–Markowitch non-repudiation protocol is a solution of AGS; and (d) AGS presents a new and symmetric fair non-repudiation protocol that is attack-free. To our knowledge this is the first application of synthesis to fair non-repudiation protocols, and our results show how synthesis can both automatically discover vulnerabilities in protocols and generate correct protocols. The solution to AGS can be computed efficiently as the secure equilibrium solution of three-player graph games.
Imaging of heme/hemeproteins in nucleus of the living cells expressing heme‐binding nuclear receptors
Authors: Itoh Ryuhei , Fujita Ken-ichi , Mu Anfeng , Kim Dao Hoang Thien , Tai Tran Tien , Sagami Ikuko , Taketani Shigeru
Published: June 2013

Several factors involved in the core circadian rhythm are PAS domain proteins, one of which, neuronal PAS2 (NPAS2), contains a heme‐binding motif. It is thought that heme controls the transcriptional activity of core circadian factors BMAL1‐NPAS2, and that the heme‐binding nuclear receptor REV‐erbα negatively regulates the expression of BMAL1. To examine the role of heme in the nucleus, we expressed nuclear hemeproteins including the nuclear localization signal‐added cytoglobin, NPAS2 and REV‐erbα. Then, the living cells expressing these proteins were treated with 2′,7′‐dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate (DCFH‐DA). The fluorescent signal derived from DCFH‐DA was observed in the nucleus. When the cells were cultured with hemin, the signal of heme in the nucleus increased. Considering that DCFH‐DA reacted with heme, we propose that the use of DCFH‐DA could be useful in detection of the heme moiety of hemeprotein in vivo.
How crowded is the prokaryotic cytoplasm?
Authors: Spitzer Jan , Poolman Bert
Published: June 2013

We consider biomacromolecular crowding within the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells as a two‐phase system of ‘supercrowded’ cytogel and ‘dilute’ cytosol; we simplify and quantify this model for a coccoid cell over a wide range of biomacromolecular crowding. The key result shows that the supercrowded cytogel extends the vectorial character of the plasma membrane deeper into the cytoplasm by about 20–70 nm. We discuss useful physiological insights that this model gives into the functioning of a prokaryotic cell on the micrometer scale.
High glucose modulates IL‐6 mediated immune homeostasis through impeding neutrophil extracellular trap formation
Authors: Joshi Manjunath B. , Lad Apurva , Bharath Prasad Alevoor S. , Balakrishnan Aswath , Ramachandra Lingadakai , Satyamoorthy Kapaettu
Published: June 2013

Neutrophils serve as an active constituent of innate immunity and are endowed with distinct ability for producing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to eliminate pathogens. Earlier studies have demonstrated a dysfunction of the innate immune system in diabetic subjects leading to increased susceptibility to infections; however, the influence of hyperglycemic conditions on NETs is unknown. In the present study we demonstrate that (a) NETs are influenced by glucose homeostasis, (b) IL‐6 is a potent inducer of energy dependent NET formation and (c) hyperglycemia mimics a state of constitutively active pro‐inflammatory condition in neutrophils leading to reduced response to external stimuli making diabetic subjects susceptible to infections.
Obstetric care for resident immigrant women in Argentina compared with Argentine women
Authors: Vetter Courtney L. , Gibbons Luz , Bonotti Ana , Klein Karen , Belizán José M. , Althabe Fernando
Published: June 2013

Objective

To evaluate inequities in obstetric care in Argentina between women from Argentina and resident immigrants.

Methods

A secondary analysis was performed using data generated from a prospective, multicenter, descriptive study conducted in 2008 that assessed perinatal care in 12 public hospitals in the city of Buenos Aires and 70 public hospitals in Buenos Aires Province. In the original study, eligible women answered questions about their obstetric history, sociodemographic characteristics, and prenatal and intrapartum care within 48 hours of delivery. In the present analysis, the associations between nationality and prenatal care, intrapartum care, and perinatal outcome were determined.

Results

The study included 10 898 women. The sociodemographic characteristics were similar between the groups, although the proportion of adolescents was higher among Argentines than among immigrants (20.1% versus 12.5%), whereas immigrant women were less educated (30.7% of the immigrant women reported 0–6 years of education compared with 7.3% of Argentines). Likewise, there were few differences in obstetric care during pregnancy and delivery, and the pregnancy outcomes were also similar between the groups.

Conclusion

There were few clinically significant differences in medical care between Argentine women and resident immigrant women during the prepartum and intrapartum periods.
Results of a community‐based cervical cancer screening pilot project using human papillomavirus self‐sampling in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Ogilvie Gina S. , Mitchell Sheona , Sekikubo Musa , Biryabarema Christine , Byamugisha Josaphat , Jeronimo Jose , Miller Dianne , Steinberg Malcolm , Money Deborah M.
Published: June 2013

Objective

To examine the feasibility of a community‐based screening program using human papillomavirus (HPV) self‐sampling in a low‐income country with a high burden of cervical cancer.

Methods

A pilot study was conducted among 205 women aged 30–69 years in the Kisenyi district of Kampala, Uganda, from September 5 to October 30, 2011. Women were invited to provide a self‐collected specimen for high‐risk oncogenic HPV testing by outreach workers at their homes and places of gathering in their community. Specimens were tested for HPV, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. Women who tested positive for HPV were referred for colposcopy, biopsy, and treatment at a regional hospital.

Results

Of the 199 women who provided a specimen, 35 (17.6%) tested positive for HPV. The outreach workers were able to provide results to 30 women (85.7%). In all, 26 (74.3%) of the women infected with HPV attended their colposcopy appointments and 4 (11.4%) women were diagnosed with grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

Conclusion

Self‐collection of samples for community‐based HPV testing was an acceptable option; most women who tested positive attended for definitive treatment. Self‐sampling could potentially allow for effective recruitment to screening programs in limited‐resource settings.
Prospective cohort study and meta‐analysis of cyclic bleeding after laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy
Authors: Nouri Kazem , Demmel Maurus , Greilberger Ulrike , Fischer Eva‐Maria , Seemann Rudolf , Egarter Christian , Ott Johannes
Published: June 2013

Objective

To evaluate a modified technique of laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy (LSH) on rates of postoperative cyclic bleeding (PCB).

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted of 173 women who underwent LSH with bipolar electrocoagulation of the endocervical canal at Landeskrankenhaus Wolfsberg, Wolfsberg, Austria, between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2009. Long‐term follow‐up was assessed using a questionnaire. A systematic literature review and a meta‐analysis of 13 studies that reported on PCB after LSH were also conducted.

Results

In all, 164 women (94.8%) had uneventful intraoperative and postoperative courses. By contrast, 9 of 146 premenopausal women (6.2%) experienced PCB. The meta‐analysis (n = 1822) revealed an overall PCB rate of 7.1%. Bipolar electrocoagulation of the endocervical canal was the most effective method for prevention of PCB (bleeding rate, 2.9%) followed by unipolar electrocoagulation (bleeding rate, 9.9%). Uterine resection below the internal cervical orifice was more effective for preventing PCB (13 of 633 women; 2.1%) than either amputation at this site or above this site (27 of 537 women [5.0%] and 88 of 640 women [13.8%]).

Conclusion

Bipolar coagulation of the endocervical canal and extensive resection with amputation below the level of the internal cervical orifice were effective for reducing rates of PCB.
Remote monitoring of ICDs and CRTs
Authors: Varma Niraj
Published: June 2013

Cardiac implantable electronic devices are increasing in prevalence and functionality. Post‐implant follow‐up is important for monitoring both device function and patient condition. However, practice is inconsistent. For example, ICD follow‐up schedules vary from 3 months to yearly according to facility and physician preference and availability of resources. Recommended follow‐up schedules impose significant burden. Importantly, no surveillance occurs between follow‐up visits. In contrast, implantable devices with automatic remote monitoring capability provide a means for performing constant surveillance, with the ability to identify salient problems rapidly. Results from large randomized prospective trials of all types of CIEDs from different manufacturers, and conducted in different countries, consistently indicate superior performance to conventional care for achieving the current follow‐up goals of patient retention and early problem discovery, improving patient safety and convenience, yet promoting clinic efficiencies. Thus, automatic remote home monitoring is a transforming technology in the evolution of CIEDs, and is poised for remarkable gains in disease management.
Exploring the Connections Between Traumatic Brain Injury Caregiver Mental Health and Family Dynamics in Mexico City, Mexico
Authors: Perrin Paul B. , Stevens Lillian F. , Sutter Megan , Hubbard Rebecca , Díaz Sosa Dulce María , Espinosa Jove Irma Guadalupe , Arango‐Lasprilla Juan Carlos
Published: June 2013

Objective

To examine the patterns of family dynamics that are most associated with the mental health of traumatic brain injury (TBI) caregivers from Mexico. It was hypothesized that healthier family dynamics would be associated with better caregiver mental health.

Design

A cross‐sectional study of self‐reported data collected from TBI caregivers through the Mexican National Institute of Rehabilitation in Mexico City, Mexico, the premier public medical facility in Mexico that provides rehabilitation services to patients with various disabilities.

Setting

One public outpatient medical and rehabilitation facility.

Participants

Sixty‐eight caregivers of individuals with moderate‐to‐severe TBI from Mexico City, Mexico, were related to an individual with TBI who was ≥3 months after injury, a primary caregiver for ≥3 months, familiar with the patient's history, and without neurologic or psychiatric conditions. The average (standard deviation) age of caregivers was 50.94 ± 12.85 years), and 82% were women.

Methods

The caregivers completed Spanish versions of instruments that assessed their own mental health and family dynamics.

Main Outcome Measurements

Outcomes assessed included family dynamics (Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale—Fourth Edition; Family Communication Scale; Family Satisfaction Scale; Family Assessment Device—General Functioning; and Relationship‐Focused Coping Scale), and caregiver mental health (Patient Health Questionnaire‐9, Zarit Burden Interview, and Satisfaction with Life Scale).

Results

Results of canonical correlation analyses suggested that caregiver mental health and family dynamics were positively related, with a large effect size. Caregivers with high family satisfaction and cohesion tended to have a low burden and high satisfaction with life. In addition, caregiver depression and burden were positively related to each other and were both inversely related to caregiver satisfaction with life.

Conclusions

TBI caregiver interventions in Latino populations would likely benefit from including programming or techniques to improve family dynamics, especially family cohesion, given the strong potentially reciprocal influence of these dynamics on caregiver mental health.
Tragedy in Ovid
Authors: Curley Dan
Published: June 2013

Ovid is today best known for his grand epic, Metamorphoses, and elegiac works like the Ars Amatoria and Heroides. Yet he also wrote a Medea, now unfortunately lost. This play kindled in him a lifelong interest in the genre of tragedy, which informed his later poetry and enabled him to continue his career as a tragedian – if only on the page instead of the stage. This book surveys tragic characters, motifs and modalities in the Heroides and the Metamorphoses. In writing love letters, Ovid's heroines and heroes display their suffering in an epistolary theater. In telling transformation stories, Ovid offers an exploded view of the traditional theater, although his characters never stray too far from their dramatic origins. Both works constitute an intratextual network of tragic stories that anticipate the theatrical excesses of Seneca and reflect the all-encompassing spirit of Roman imperium.
Permanents
Authors: Minc Henryk , Marcus Marvin
Published: June 2013

The purpose of this book, which was first published in 1978, is to give a complete account of the theory of permanents, their history and applications. This volume was the first complete account of the theory of permanents, covering virtually the whole of the subject, a feature that no simple survey of the theory of matrices can even attempt. The work also contains many results stated without formal proofs. This book can be used as a textbook at the advanced undergraduate or graduate level. The only prerequisites are a standard undergraduate course in the theory of matrices and a measure of mathematical maturity.
Mathematical Theory of Entropy
Authors: Martin Nathaniel F. G. , England James W.
Published: June 2013

Originally published in 1981, this excellent treatment of the mathematical theory of entropy gives an accessible exposition of the ways in which this idea has been applied to information theory, ergodic theory, topological dynamics and statistical mechanics. Scientists who want a quick understanding of how entropy is applied in disciplines not their own, or simply desire a better understanding of the mathematical foundation of the entropy function will find this to be a valuable book.
Geometric Tomography
Authors: Gardner Richard J.
Published: June 2013

Geometric tomography deals with the retrieval of information about a geometric object from data concerning its projections (shadows) on planes or cross-sections by planes. It is a geometric relative of computerized tomography, which reconstructs an image from X-rays of a human patient. The subject overlaps with convex geometry and employs many tools from that area, including some formulas from integral geometry. It also has connections to discrete tomography, geometric probing in robotics and to stereology. This comprehensive study provides a rigorous treatment of the subject. Although primarily meant for researchers and graduate students in geometry and tomography, brief introductions, suitable for advanced undergraduates, are provided to the basic concepts. More than 70 illustrations are used to clarify the text. The book also presents 66 unsolved problems. Each chapter ends with extensive notes, historical remarks, and some biographies. This edition includes numerous updates and improvements, with some 300 new references bringing the total to over 800.
Criminal Law and the Modernist Novel
Authors: Ferguson Rex
Published: June 2013

The realist novel and the modern criminal trial both came to fruition in the nineteenth century. Each places a premium on the author's or trial lawyer's ability to reconstruct reality, reflecting modernity's preoccupation with firsthand experience as the basis of epistemological authority. But by the early twentieth century experience had, as Walter Benjamin put it, 'fallen in value'. The modernist novel and the criminal trial of the period began taking cues from a kind of nonexperience – one that nullifies identity, subverts repetition and supplants presence with absence. Rex Ferguson examines how such nonexperience colours the overlapping relationship between law and literary modernism. Chapters on E. M. Forster's A Passage to India, Ford Madox Ford's The Good Soldier and Marcel Proust's In Search of Lost Time detail the development of a uniquely modern subjectivity, offering new critical insight to scholars and students of twentieth-century literature, cultural studies, and the history of law and philosophy.
After the Civil War
Authors: Richards Michael
Published: June 2013

The Spanish Civil War was fought not only on the streets and battlefields from 1936 to 1939 but also through memory and trauma in the decades that followed. This fascinating book reassesses the eras of war, dictatorship and transition to democracy in light of the memory boom in Spain since the late 1990s. It explores how the civil war and its repressive aftermath have been remembered and represented from 1939 to the present through the interweaving of war memories, political power and changing social relations. Acknowledgement and remembrance were circumscribed during the war's immediate aftermath and only the victors were free to remember collectively during the long Franco era. Michael Richards recasts social memory as a profoundly historical product of migration, political events and evolving forms of collective identity through the 1950s, the transition to democracy in the 1970s, and in the bitterly contested politics of memory since the 1990s.
Nonlinear Climate Dynamics
Authors: Dijkstra Henk A.
Published: June 2013

This book introduces stochastic dynamical systems theory in order to synthesize our current knowledge of climate variability. Nonlinear processes, such as advection, radiation and turbulent mixing, play a central role in climate variability. These processes can give rise to transition phenomena, associated with tipping or bifurcation points, once external conditions are changed. The theory of dynamical systems provides a systematic way to study these transition phenomena. Its stochastic extension also forms the basis of modern (nonlinear) data analysis techniques, predictability studies and data assimilation methods. Early chapters apply the stochastic dynamical systems framework to a hierarchy of climate models to synthesize current knowledge of climate variability. Later chapters analyse phenomena such as the North Atlantic Oscillation, El Niño/Southern Oscillation, Atlantic Multidecadal Variability, Dansgaard–Oeschger events, Pleistocene ice ages and climate predictability. This book will prove invaluable for graduate students and researchers in climate dynamics, physical oceanography, meteorology and paleoclimatology.
Greeks and Barbarians
Authors: Vlassopoulos Kostas
Published: June 2013

This book is an ambitious synthesis of the social, economic, political and cultural interactions between Greeks and non-Greeks in the Mediterranean world during the Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic periods. Instead of traditional and static distinctions between Greeks and Others, Professor Vlassopoulos explores the diversity of interactions between Greeks and non-Greeks in four parallel but interconnected worlds: the world of networks, the world of apoikiai ('colonies'), the Panhellenic world and the world of empires. These diverse interactions set into motion processes of globalisation; but the emergence of a shared material and cultural koine across the Mediterranean was accompanied by the diverse ways in which Greek and non-Greek cultures adopted and adapted elements of this global koine. The book explores the paradoxical role of Greek culture in the processes of ancient globalisation, as well as the peculiar way in which Greek culture was shaped by its interaction with non-Greek cultures.
Proportionality and Constitutional Culture
Authors: Cohen-Eliya Moshe , Porat Iddo
Published: June 2013

Although the most important constitutional doctrine worldwide, a thorough cultural and historical examination of proportionality has not taken place until now. This comparison of proportionality with its counterpart in American constitutional law - balancing - shows how culture and history can create deep differences in seemingly similar doctrines. Owing to its historical origin in Germany, proportionality carries to this day a pro-rights association, while the opposite is the case for balancing. In addition, European legal and political culture has shaped proportionality as intrinsic to the state's role in realizing shared values, while in the United States a suspicion-based legal and political culture has shaped balancing in more pragmatic and instrumental terms. Although many argue that the USA should converge on proportionality, the book shows that a complex web of cultural associations make it an unlikely prospect.
Introduction to the Statistical Physics of Integrable Many-body Systems
Authors: Šamaj Ladislav , Bajnok Zoltán
Published: June 2013

Including topics not traditionally covered in literature, such as (1+1)-dimensional QFT and classical 2D Coulomb gases, this book considers a wide range of models and demonstrates a number of situations to which they can be applied. Beginning with a treatise of nonrelativistic 1D continuum Fermi and Bose quantum gases of identical spinless particles, the book describes the quantum inverse scattering method and the analysis of the related Yang–Baxter equation and integrable quantum Heisenberg models. It also discusses systems within condensed matter physics, the complete solution of the sine-Gordon model and modern trends in the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz. Each chapter concludes with problems and solutions to help consolidate the reader's understanding of the theory and its applications. Basic knowledge of quantum mechanics and equilibrium statistical physics is assumed, making this book suitable for graduate students and researchers in statistical physics, quantum mechanics and mathematical and theoretical physics.
Contesting the Postwar City
Authors: Fure-Slocum Eric
Published: June 2013

Focusing on mid-century Milwaukee, Eric Fure-Slocum charts the remaking of political culture in the industrial city. Professor Fure-Slocum shows how two contending visions of the 1940s city - working-class politics and growth politics - fit together uneasily and were transformed amid a series of social and policy clashes. Contests that pitted the principles of democratic access and distribution against efficiency and productivity included the hard-fought politics of housing and redevelopment, controversies over petty gambling, questions about the role of organized labor in urban life, and battles over municipal fiscal policy and autonomy. These episodes occurred during a time of rapid change in the city's working class, as African-American workers arrived to seek jobs, women temporarily advanced in workplaces, and labor unions grew. At the same time, businesses and property owners sought to re-establish legitimacy in the changing landscape. This study examines these local conflicts, showing how they forged the postwar city and laid a foundation for the neoliberal city.
Mr Tompkins in Paperback
Authors: Gamow George , Penrose Roger
Published: June 2013

Mr Tompkins has become known and loved by many thousands of readers (since his first appearance over fifty years ago) as the bank clerk whose fantastic dreams and adventures lead him into a world inside the atom. George Gamow's classic provides a delightful explanation of the central concepts in modern physics, from atomic structure to relativity, and quantum theory to fusion and fission. Roger Penrose's new foreword introduces Mr Tompkins to a new generation of readers, and reviews his adventures in the light of current developments in physics today.
Fundamentals of Engineering Plasticity
Authors: Hosford William F.
Published: June 2013

William Hosford's book is ideal for those involved in designing sheet metal forming processes. Knowledge of plasticity is essential for the computer simulation of metal forming processes and understanding the advances in plasticity theory is key to formulating sound analyses. The author makes the subject simple by avoiding notations used by specialists in mechanics. R. Hill's authoritative book, Mathematical Theory of Plasticity (1950), presented a comprehensive treatment of continuum plasticity theory up to that time; much of the treatment in this book covers the same ground, but focuses on more practical topics. Hosford has included recent developments in continuum theory, including a newer treatment of anisotropy that has resulted from calculations of yielding based on crystallography, analysis of the role of defects, and forming limit diagrams. A much greater emphasis is placed on deformation mechanisms and the book also includes chapters on slip and dislocation theory and twinning.
Nongovernmental Resources to Support Disaster Preparedness, Response, and Recovery
Authors: Acosta Joie D. , Chandra Anita , Ringel Jeanne S.
Published: June 2013

Objective

Although recent emergencies or disasters have underscored the vital role of nongovernmental (NGO) resources, they remain not well understood or leveraged. We intended to develop an assets framework that identifies relevant NGO resources for disaster preparedness and response that can be used to assess their availability at state and local levels.

Methods

We conducted a search of peer-reviewed publications to identify existing asset frameworks, and reviewed policy documents and gray literature to identify roles of NGOs in emergency preparedness, response, and recovery. A standardized data abstraction form was used to organize the results by NGO sector.

Results

We organized NGO assets into 5 categories: competencies, money, infrastructure or equipment, services, relationships, and data for each of the 11 sectors designated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the 2011 preparedness capabilities.

Conclusions

Our findings showed that the capacity of each sector to capture data on each asset type needs strengthening so that data can be merged for just-in-time analysis to indicate where additional relief is needed. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;0:1–6)
The Empowerment of Imagery: Stone Warriors in the Borders
Authors: Rodríguez-Corral Javier
Published: June 2013

This article explores the potential contribution of a biographical, phenomenological and performative approach to the study of material images in the past through a particular study case: the warrior statues from the so-called ‘Castro culture’ in northwestern Iberia. The aim is to provide a different way of thinking, as opposed to the traditional conceptions that have prevailed in archaeological research, taking into account what material forms enable the construction of the social at a micro-scale level. To this end, the author analyses how these statues actively build their own meaning and sense in the socio-material contexts where they belong; and how, in this process, their materiality partakes in the creation and maintenance of indigenous identity and sociality.
The timing of monozygotic twinning: a criticism of the common model
Authors: Herranz Gonzalo
Published: June 2013

In the dominant model, monozygotic (MZ) twinning is universally accepted as a post-fertilization event resulting from splitting of the embryo along its first 2 weeks of development. The stage at which splitting occurs determines chorionicity and amnionicity. A short history on how the model was built is presented, stressing the role played by some embryologists, in particular George Corner, in its completion and final success. Strikingly, for more than 60 years no deep criticisms have been raised against the model, which, in virtue of its rational and plausible character, enjoys the status of undisputed truth. At close examination, the embryological support of the model shows some important weak points, particularly when dealing with late splitting. In the author's view, the model not only has contributed to ‘suspend’ our knowledge on the timing of MZ twinning, but seems indefensible and claims to be substituted. That factor could imply relevant consequences for embryology and bioethics. As an alternative to the model, a new theory to explain the timing of MZ twinning is proposed. It is based on two premises. First, MZ twinning would be a fertilization event. In that case, due to an alteration of the zygote–blastomere transition, the first zygotic division, instead of producing two blastomeres, generates twin zygotes. Second, monochorionicity and monoamnionicity would not depend on embryo splitting, but on fusion of membranes. Some support for this theory can be found in recent embryological advances and also in some explanations of old.