bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Activities of crisis centers in providing social assistance to women affected by domestic violence
Authors:   Šiaulių valstybinė kolegija / Higher Education Institution, Lithuania, Maričevaitė Agnė , Povilaitienė Neringa ,   Šiaulių valstybinė kolegija / Higher Education Institution, Lithuania
Published: October 2023

The article analyzes the activity of a social worker in a crisis center working with women who experience domestic violence. Based on the results of the research, the functions and roles of the social worker, social services provided in the crisis center were analyzed. Based on the analysis of scientific information sources and after conducting a structured interview survey, the aim was to determine the types of violence experienced by women, aspects of cooperation with other institutions. Difficulties experienced by the social worker when working in the crisis center with women who have experienced domestic violence have been identified. Keywords: social worker roles, functions, crisis center.
Peningkatan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Melalui Kreativitas dan Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru
Authors: Saring
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this Research is to Analysis how influential between Dependent Variable and Independent Variable and find how to increase student learning motivation from research how influential between variables; (1) Teacher creativity of student learning motivation, (2) Teacher pedagogical completence of student learning motivation dan (3) creativity and teacher pedagogical completence of student learning motivation. From this research the writer to tested,  to proved and to analyzed so how to make a relationships cause and effect to influence of  teacher creativity and pedagogical competence of student learning motivation. The population in this research we teachers and student regency West Java. The method in this reaserch is survei causal with data analysis techniques using path analysis. The results of data analysis are; (1) There are a positive and significant influence between teacher creativity of student learning motivation, (2) There are positive and significant direct effect of teacher pedagogical competence to student learning motivation dan (3) There are a positive and significant direct effect between creativity and teacher pedagogical competence of student motivation. The increasing student motivation will have and impact to student achievement outcomes.

 

Keywords: Learning Achievement, Path Analysis Model, Educational Management, Learning Strategic Management.
Optimasi Inovasi guru PAUD Darul Fawwaz Bogor
Authors: Yulistiana Ika , Raden Roro Vemmi Kesumadewi  , Rochmi Hastuti
Published: October 2023

This study aims to determine the efforts to improve performance through a study of the direct influence of the variables of commitment to the profession, The selected sample amounted to 85 people using stratified proportional random sampling with the Cochran formula. This study uses a survey method with a SITOREM analysis.

The results of this study conclude that: (1) There is a direct influence of empowerment on teacher performance with a value 0.342. The results of the SITOREM analysis show that the indicators that are still weak and need to be improved are; 1) competency development, 2) organizational support, 3) communication between subordinates and superiors, 4) flexibility in work.

 

Keywords: leadership, organizational management, teacher performance.
Manajemen Halaqah dan Dampaknya terhadap Pembelajaran Al-Qur’an
Authors: Muhamad Riyad  , Elda Rahmawati  , Jamilatul Fikriah  , M. Irsyadul Ibad  , Najmah Ulin Ni'mah  , Putri Utami  , Silmi Khoridah
Published: October 2023

This study aims to determine the Halaqah Management and its Impact on Al-Qur'an Learningat MI PUI Barengkok, The selected sample amounted to 240 people MI PUI Barengkok in the Mafazah Islamic Boarding School Foundation. This study uses a survey method with an interview and  observations analysis.

The results of this study conclude that: The most relevant methods for learning the Koran for MI students are using the Iqro', Qiro'ati and Taqriran methods, habituation, example, practice, memorization and giving assignments, as well as playing, telling stories and singing.

Keywords: Al Quran Learning, educational management, At Tanzil, Nubdzatul Bayan.
Status of Anemia and Different Types of Anemia in the Adolescent Population Residing in Chandigarh
Authors: Hakorimana Alexis , Kumar Sunil
Published: October 2023

Background: This study aimed to assess anemic statistics and identify different types of anemia in the adolescent population residing in the Chandigarh area. Methods: The research was conducted focusing on understanding the prevalence of anemia across various age groups. Samples of adolescents residing in Chandigarh were selected, and data collection regarding anemic status was done through medical examinations and laboratory tests. Results: The study categorized anemia into different types, including iron-deficiency anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency anemia, folic acid deficiency anemia, sickle cell anemia, and others based on established diagnostic criteria. Analysis: The findings revealed that anemia is a notable health concern among the adolescent population in Chandigarh. The age group [46-66] exhibited the highest out of total anemic conditions, followed by the age group [16-20]. The remaining age groups [26-30], [36-40], [31-35], [21-25], [41-45] and [10-15] demonstrated varying levels of anemia prevalence. These results suggest that anemia is more prevalent in older age groups, highlighting the potential cumulative effects of nutritional deficiencies or chronic conditions over time. The study's findings underscore the need for targeted interventions and awareness campaigns to prevent and manage anemia, focusing on the identified high-risk age groups. Conclusion: However, it is essential to note that the study has some limitations due to the sample size and specific geographical location. Further research depth and more diverse samples are warranted for anemia prevalence and its associated factors in the adolescent population residing in Chandigarh.
Flow Field Reconstruction using Optimal Sensor Placement and Deep Learning
Authors: Bali Bhavneet , Tendolkar Mandar
Published: October 2023

Fluid flow reconstruction is a crucial task in engineering, environmental science, and fluid dynamics. Accurately predicting and understanding fluid flow patterns is essential for optimizing processes, designing efficient systems, and mitigating potential risks. Traditional methods often rely on complex mathematical models and computationally intensive simulations. However, recent advancements in deep learning and neural networks have shown promising results in tackling this problem. The present work proposes a novel approach to fluid flow reconstruction using neural networks, aiming to develop an efficient and accurate feed-forward neural network model capable of predicting fluid flow behaviour based on available data. An artificial neural network (ANN) is used to capture spatial dependencies in fluid flow data, learning to infer underlying flow dynamics. The model's robustness and generalization capabilities are ensured by carefully curating the dataset and incorporating appropriate data augmentation techniques. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of neural networks in fluid flow reconstruction, with significant improvements in prediction accuracy and efficiency compared to traditional methods. The ability to reconstruct fluid flow patterns accurately from limited or incomplete data has the potential to revolutionize various industries, enabling more informed decision-making, optimizing processes, and improving safety measures. This work contributes to the growing body of knowledge in deep learning for fluid dynamics and offers a promising avenue for further advancements in predicting and understanding fluid flow behaviour.
Music and the Affective Production of Violence in MMA
Authors: Scally W. Donnie
Published: October 2023

As widespread physical pursuits and popular entertainment forms, combat sports inform and constrain social understandings of violence. Recent research has discussed martial artists’ positioning of their practice vis-à-vis violence and the production of ‘martial arts’ as a category referencing, but not defined exclusively by, violence. For combat sports—an overlapping, competition-oriented category—violence occupies a place of tension. They attract spectators through presentation as violent blood-sports, but competitors and spectators necessarily also understand them as regulated performances. Popular music plays an important role in contextualizing combat sports as conforming to a socially sanctioned model of violent spectacle through walkout music played prior to matches, a form that references other sportive and staged productions of violence for entertainment. Music simultaneously defines combat sports as violent spectacles and constrains them as sports, controlled abstractions of violence with aesthetic goals. Drawing on analysis of videos of walkouts at mixed martial arts events, this article details popular music’s roles in defining and constraining combat sports. The walkout is examined as an affective vibrational phenomenon that varies through specific iterations and media, acquiring, amplifying, negating, or altering sometimes contradictory meanings, and lending emotional weight to the ideologies represented. Throughout these transformations, the walkout serves to position the MMA match as a socially permissible sportive contest that draws on aesthetic references to an imagined model of unsanctioned violence.
Image: Haribhagirath, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Penggunaan Nilai Penerapan Standar Audit sebagai IKU Tunggal untuk Pejabat Fungsional Auditor
Authors: Malik Imran
Published: October 2023

Alat ukur kinerja PFA di hampir semua Kementerian/Lembaga menggunakan Balanced Scorecard (BSC). Setiap persepektif dalam BSC harus diwakili oleh satu IKU sehingga dibutuhkan minimal 4 IKU untuk mengukur kinerja PFA. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat akibat negatif dari penggunaan IKU yang terlalu banyak dalam pengukuran kinerja PFA. Peneltian dilakukan terhadap Kontrak Kinerja milik PFA pada tingkat anggoota tim, ketua tim dan pengendali teknis di Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Keuangan. Hasil pembahasan menyimpulkan bahwa akibat negatif dari penggunaan banyak IKU adalah kegiatan PFA diukur kinerjanya dua kali dalam IKU yang berbeda, bobot IKU menjadi tidak jelas, dan penilaian kinerja auditor lebih berfokus pada aspek kuantitatif bukan kualitatif. Penulis menyarankan mekanisme penilaian kinerja PFA yang lebih sederhana dengan hanya menggunakan satu IKU, yaitu Penerapan Standar Audit Intern Pengawasan Indonesia (SAIPI) untuk mengukur kinerja auditor.
Pengaruh Pengalaman Kerja dan Pengembangan Kompetensi terhadap Kualitas Widyaiswara dalam Latsar CPNS BPSDM Sumatera Utara
Authors: Damanik, SH, M.Hum Drs. Jumsadi
Published: October 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh Pengalaman Kerja terhadap Kualitas Fasilitasi Widyaiswara di Badan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Provinsi Sumatera Utara dalam Pelatihan Dasar CPNS Blended Learning;  (2) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh Pengembangan Kompetensi terhadap Kualitas Fasilitasi Widyaiswara di Badan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Provinsi Sumatera Utara dalam Pelatihan Dasar CPNS Blended Learning; (3) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh Pengalaman Kerja dan Pengembangan Kompetensi secara bersama – sama terhadap Kualitas Fasilitasi Widyaiswara di Badan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Provinsi Sumatera Utara dalam Pelatihan Dasar CPNS Blended Learning; (4) Untuk mengetahui faktor lain yang dapat meningkatkan  Kualitas Fasilitasi Widyaiswara di Badan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Provinsi Sumatera Utara dalam Pelatihan Dasar CPNS Blended Learning. Populasi dari penelitian adalah peserta  pelatihan dasar CPNS Golongan III pada tahun 2021, dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan sampel yang berjumlah 87 (delapan puluh tujuh) orang.  Analisis data menggunakan Program SPSS dengan perhitungan regresi berganda. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan : (1) Pengalaman Kerja berpengaruh 0,390 atau sebesar 39% terhadap Kualitas Fasilitasi Widyaiswara.; (2) Pengembangan Kompetensi berpengaruh 0,340 atau sebesar 34% terhadap Kualitas Fasilitasi Widyaiswara; (3) Pengalaman Kerja dan Pengembangan Kompetensi secara bersama-sama berpengaruh 0,770 atau  sebesar 77% terhadap Kualitas Fasilitasi Widyaiswara; (4) Untuk peningkatan Kualitas Fasilitasi Widyaiswara, maka dibutuhkan konsep terjadwal yaitu dengan : (a) Membuat Forum Diskusi Widyaiswara (dalam bentuk Rembuk Widyaiswara) ; (b) Membuat pelatihan terjadwal; (c) Study Banding.
Praktek Pendekatan Self Regulation Learning pada Peserta Latsar CPNS BPSDM Provinsi Bali Tahun 2021
Authors: Ni Made Suciani
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study is to describe the practice of the Self Regulation Learning (SRL) approach in forming latsar participants to become independent learners and to describe an increase in learning outcomes and motivation after SLR was practiced in the basic training for civil servant candidates (Latsar CPNS) at BPSDM Bali Province in 2021. This study involved 40 participants class XVI In 2021 at BPSDM Bali Province with 30 participants of teacher and 10 non-teacher at the Bali Provincial Government. The approach used in this study is a mixed method with an embedded experimental design. Data analysis techniques with qualitative analysis and quantitative descriptive analysis. The qualitative analysis will describe the process of implementing the SLR practice. While the quantitative analysis will analyze the increase in learning outcomes and achievement of learning motivation after the practice of SRL. The results showed that the practice was implemented in the four SLR approaches, namely: linking goal-oriented learning; facilitate learning and thinking strategies; diversification of learning opportunities that enable hope of success; and socialize learning in the caring community that is created. These four practices have been described through 15 core practices of evidence-based learning. The second result is that there is an increase in learning outcomes after the implementation of the self-regulation learning approach, namely from the initial score of 70.25, it increases to the final score of 80.69. As for the overall learning motivation, it reached an average of 4,295 with a high category after implementing self-regulation learning in the Latsar CPNS Class XVI latsar at BPSDM Bali Province in 2021. The results of this study are expected to be practiced in learning because it has been proven to have a direct impact on increasing the motivation and learning outcomes of training participants
Humanized Care for people with HIV/AIDS: an unresolved issue
Authors: Silva-Sánchez Camilo
Published: October 2023

There is a concerning increase in HIV infections worldwide. In Latin America, Chile is one of the countries that has experienced one of the highest surges. This translates to an increasing number of people needing hospitalization for disease management. Humanized care could be a strategy to improve treatment adherence, reduce stress, and promote empathy and compassion among nursing professionals. However, evidence has shown that discriminatory and stigmatizing treatment for this group continues to occur today
Suça Sürüklenen Çocuklarda Çocuk Destek Merkezlerinin Yeri ve Önemi
Authors: BATMAN Hüseyin , DEMİREL Aykut Can
Published: October 2023

Dünya genelinde suç konusu günlük yaşamda sıklıkla yer alan son derece dinamik bir sorundur. Suç olgusu sadece yetişkinlerle anılan bir olgu değildir aynı zamanda çocuklarda birtakım nedenlerle suça itilebilmekte ve ceza adalet sisteminde bu nedenle kendileriyle ilgili adli işlem yapılmak durumunda kalınmaktadır. Türkiye’de suça sürüklenen çocuklar sorununun özellikle 2000’li yılların başından itibaren daha yoğun şekilde ele alınmaya başlandığı görülmektedir. Bu durum özellikle son yıllarda artan suça sürüklenen çocuk sayısıyla açıklanabilir.2005 yılında uygulamaya konulan Çocuk Koruma Kanunu, suça sürüklenen çocuklarla ilgili düzenlemeleri içermenin yanında birtakım kamu kurumlarına görevler vermiştir. Aile ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı 2005 yılında kabul edilen Çocuk Koruma Kanunu ile suça sürüklenen çocuklara hizmet vermek adına ihtisaslaşmış kuruluşlar açmaya başlamıştır. Önce Koruma Bakım ve Rehabilitasyon Merkezi adıyla hizmet veren kuruluşlar, 2015 yılında Çocuk Destek Merkezi çatısı altında birleştirilmişlerdir. Çocuk Destek Merkezleri suça sürüklenme nedeniyle hakkında bakım tedbiri kararı verilen çocukların bir yandan rehabilitasyonunu sağlamaya çalışmakta diğer yandan da bu çocukların aileleriyle ve okullarıyla olan bağlarını güçlendirerek madde kullanım öyküsü bulunan çocukların da tedavisini koordine etmektedir. Bu çalışmada suça sürüklenen çocuklar ve çocuk destek merkezlerinin yeri ve önemi konusu irdelenecektir.
Interest-disclosing Mechanisms for Advertising are Privacy-Exposing (not Preserving)
Authors: Beugin Yohan , McDaniel Patrick
Published: October 2023

Today, targeted online advertising relies on unique identifiers assigned to users through third-party cookies--a practice at odds with user privacy. While the web and advertising communities have proposed solutions that we refer to as interest-disclosing mechanisms, including Google's Topics API, an independent analysis of these proposals in realistic scenarios has yet to be performed. In this paper, we attempt to validate the privacy (i.e., preventing unique identification) and utility (i.e., enabling ad targeting) claims of Google's Topics proposal in the context of realistic user behavior. Through new statistical models of the distribution of user behaviors and resulting targeting topics, we analyze the capabilities of malicious advertisers observing users over time and colluding with other third parties. Our analysis shows that even in the best case, individual users' identification across sites is possible, as 0.4% of the 250k users we simulate are re-identified. These guarantees weaken further over time and when advertisers collude: 57% of users with stable interests are uniquely re-identified when their browsing activity has been observed for 15 epochs, increasing to 75% after 30 epochs. While measuring that the Topics API provides moderate utility, we also find that advertisers and publishers can abuse the Topics API to potentially assign unique identifiers to users, defeating the desired privacy guarantees. As a result, the inherent diversity of users' interests on the web is directly at odds with the privacy objectives of interest-disclosing mechanisms; we discuss how any replacement of third-party cookies may have to seek other avenues to achieve privacy for the web.
QUICKeR: Quicker Updates Involving Continuous Key Rotation
Authors: Lim Lawrence , Goh Wei-Yee , Agrawal Divyakant , El Abbadi Amr , Gupta Trinabh
Published: October 2023

Since the advent of cloud computing, storing large quantities of sensitive data on remote services have demanded secure encryption practices to maintain data privacy. Merely encrypting data at-rest leaves ciphertexts vulnerable to inevitable key leakage from mismanaged keys, side-channel attacks, and security bugs. To combat this, we propose QUICKeR, a system to facilitate continuous key rotation and ciphertext updates. Unfortunately, continuous ciphertext updates from key rotation interferes with routine access operations by introducing race conditions and performance bottlenecks that preclude prior works from practical use. QUICKeR addresses these concerns through protocols that eliminate race conditions and even achieve the stronger linearizability correctness criterion. In addition, QUICKeR proposes three approaches to implement frequent ciphertext updates. We show how these different update schemes perform under different database bottlenecks. Finally, we demonstrate that QUICKeR is practical through end-to-end experiments showing that routine access operations are not significantly impacted by ciphertext update operations.
Cross-Contextual Examination of Older Adults' Privacy Concerns, Behaviors, and Vulnerabilities
Authors: Zou Yixin , Sun Kaiwen , Afnan Tanisha , Abu-Salma Ruba , Brewer Robin , Schaub Florian
Published: October 2023

A growing body of research has examined the privacy concerns and behaviors of older adults, often within specific contexts. It remains unclear to what extent older adults' privacy concerns and behaviors vary across contexts and whether old age is the primary factor influencing privacy vulnerabilities. To address this gap, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 43 older adults (aged 65 to 89) in the United States. Our interviews were grounded in five scenarios: account and device sharing, healthcare, online advertising, social networking, and cybercrime. Our cross-contextual analysis showed that cybercrime was a recurring and pressing concern across scenarios; privacy concerns and protective behaviors were rarely mentioned in the healthcare scenario. Across all scenarios, participants' threat models and strategies revolved around data collection rather than other stages in which privacy harms may occur; they employed various active strategies to safeguard their privacy while trusting service providers to protect their information. Our findings underscore the need to revisit the discussion around privacy vulnerability and aging. Vulnerability levels among our participants varied widely and were often influenced by factors beyond age, such as tech savviness and income. We discuss opportunities for privacy interventions, technologies, and education that promote positive aging and recognize diversity among older adults.
“Those things are written by lawyers, and programmers are reading that.” Mapping the Communication Gap Between Software Developers and Privacy Experts
Authors: Horstmann Stefan Albert , Domiks Samuel , Gutfleisch Marco , Tran Mindy , Acar Yasemin , Moonsamy Veelasha , Naiakshina Alena
Published: October 2023

To ensure data-privacy compliance, it is common for companies to consult privacy experts for the identification and communication of privacy requirements to software developers. However, developers often fail to fulfill those requirements resulting in companies regularly being fined for violations due to non-compliance with privacy data regulations. To investigate why software developers struggle with the implementation of privacy requirements and explore their communication modality, we conducted a qualitative semi-structured interview study with 30 participants involving 10 software developers, 10 privacy experts, and 10 team coordinators with an average experience of nine years in the privacy communication and implementation process within a company context. We found a communication gap between software developers and privacy experts, suggesting a lack of proper procedural steps during the software development process to guarantee that the privacy requirements have been adequately addressed. We also uncovered that since privacy requirements were mostly communicated in a uni-directional manner, they were often perceived as a hindrance during software development, thus fostering an adversarial relationship between privacy experts and developers. Therefore, in order to fulfill the experts' requirements, software developers requested concrete steps to take during the software development process, as observed in the security field. However, privacy experts often lacked the technical knowledge to provide such instructions. This work contributes an explanatory theory on the communication gap between software developers and privacy experts. We discuss common obstacles in the communication of privacy experts and software developers and provide guidance on how to address them.
Mitigating Inference Risks with the NIST Privacy Framework
Authors: Landis Christopher B. , Kroll Joshua A.
Published: October 2023

The NIST Privacy Framework describes itself as a comprehensive approach to organization-wide privacy program management. However, inferences can yield sensitive information of identities or attributes from nonsensitive information. Privacy governance must protect this information. Although many people and organizations are expanding their privacy definitions to include inferences, our gap analysis reveals that the framework's mapped controls are insufficient for managing inference-driven risk. The framework does not attend organizational focus to privacy inference risk sufficiently to support its stated claim of comprehensive risk management. Applying the framework to past incidents where ostensibly protected information was re-inferred, we analyze how organizations can better mitigate inference-based privacy violations. Finally, we recommend detailed improvements to the framework's controls to account better for inferences. Our recommendations encompass augmenting and mapping additional privacy risk controls to increase implementing organizations' awareness of inference risks, updating controls that depend on protecting specific PII categories, and enhancing organizations' proficiency in translating legal and policy requirements into technical implementations.
DP-ACT: Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Asymmetric Digital Contact Tracing
Authors: Abtahi Azra , Payer Mathias , Aminifar Amir
Published: October 2023

Digital contact tracing substantially improves the identification of high-risk contacts during pandemics. Despite several attempts to encourage people to use digital contact-tracing applications by developing and rolling out decentralized privacy-preserving protocols (broadcasting pseudo-random IDs over Bluetooth Low Energy---BLE), the adoption of digital contact tracing mobile applications has been limited, with privacy being one of the main concerns. In this paper, we propose a decentralized privacy-preserving contact tracing protocol, called DP-ACT, with both active and passive participants. Active participants broadcast BLE beacons with pseudo-random IDs, while passive participants model conservative users who do not broadcast BLE beacons but still listen to the broadcasted BLE beacons. We analyze the proposed protocol and discuss a set of interesting properties. The proposed protocol is evaluated using both a face-to-face individual interaction dataset and five real-world BLE datasets. Our simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DP-ACT protocol outperforms the state-of-the-art protocols in the presence of passive users.
Over Fences and Into Yards: Privacy Threats and Concerns of Commercial Satellites
Authors: McAmis Rachel , Sim Mattea , Bennett Mia , Kohno Tadayoshi
Published: October 2023

Commercial satellite imaging is used for diverse applications in a wide range of sectors, from agriculture to the military. As satellite images continue to become more widely available and detailed in resolution, the potential for individual and population-level monitoring increases and raises new privacy concerns compared to previous Earth observation technologies. We anticipate that these technologies will only continue to improve in the upcoming decade. To better understand privacy threats and concerns of commercial satellite imagery, we conducted a survey of 99 participants from the United States. We found that most respondents were not aware that commercial satellites existed, and once informed about the capabilities of commercial satellites, most are not comfortable with how good the current state-of-the-art satellite imaging capabilities are. Few respondents want satellite imagery cost-free and widely available, which conflicts with current trends in geospatial data. In addition to aiding our understanding of the public's current perception and relationship with remote sensing technologies, we use these results to propose possible new satellite image legislation, regulation, and technological mitigations, both nationally and internationally.
Constant-Round Private Decision Tree Evaluation for Secret Shared Data
Authors: Cheng Nan , Gupta Naman , Mitrokotsa Aikaterini , Morita Hiraku , Tozawa Kazunari
Published: October 2023

Decision tree evaluation is extensively used in machine learning to construct accurate classification models. Often in the cloud-assisted communication paradigm cloud servers execute remote evaluations of classification models using clients' data. In this setting, the need for private decision tree evaluation (PDTE) has emerged to guarantee no leakage of information for the client's input nor the service provider's trained model i.e., decision tree. In this paper, we propose a private decision tree evaluation protocol based on the three-party replicated secret sharing (RSS) scheme. This enables us to securely classify inputs without any leakage of the provided input or the trained decision tree model. Our protocol only requires constant rounds of communication among servers, which is useful in a network with longer delays.Ma et al. (NDSS 2021) presented a lightweight PDTE protocol with sublinear communication cost with linear round complexity in the size of the input data. This protocol works well in the low latency network such as LAN while its total execution time is unfavourably increased in the WAN setting. In contrast, Tsuchida et al. (ProvSec 2020) constructed a constant round PDTE protocol at the cost of communication complexity, which works well in the WAN setting. Although their construction still requires 25 rounds, it showed a possible direction on how to make constant round PDTE protocols. Ji et al. (IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing) presented a simplified PDTE with constant rounds using the function secret sharing (FSS) at the cost of communication complexity. Our proposed protocol only requires five rounds among the employed three servers executing secret sharing schemes, which is comparable to previously proposed protocols that are based on garbled circuits and homomorphic encryption. To further demonstrate the efficiency of our protocol, we evaluated it using real-world classification datasets. The evaluation results indicate that our protocol provides better concrete performance in the WAN setting that has a large network delay.
Data Isotopes for Data Provenance in DNNs
Authors: Wenger Emily , Li Xiuyu , Zhao Ben Y. , Shmatikov Vitaly
Published: October 2023

Today, creators of data-hungry deep neural networks (DNNs) scour the Internet for training fodder, leaving users with little control over or knowledge of when their data, and in particular their images, are used to train models. To empower users to counteract unwanted use of their images, we design, implement and evaluate a practical system that enables users to detect if their data was used to train a DNN model for image classification. We show how users can create special images we call isotopes, which introduce ``spurious features'' into DNNs during training. With only query access to a model and no knowledge of the model-training process, nor control of the data labels, a user can apply statistical hypothesis testing to detect if the model learned these spurious features by training on the user's images. Isotopes can be viewed as an application of a particular type of data poisoning. In contrast to backdoors and other poisoning attacks, our purpose is not to cause misclassification but rather to create tell-tale changes in confidence scores output by the model that reveal the presence of isotopes in the training data. Isotopes thus turn DNNs' vulnerability to memorization and spurious correlations into a tool for data provenance. Our results confirm efficacy in multiple image classification settings, detecting and distinguishing between hundreds of isotopes with high accuracy. We further show that our system works on public ML-as-a-service platforms and larger models such as ImageNet, can use physical objects in images instead of digital marks, and remains robust against several adaptive countermeasures.
MAPLE: MArkov Process Leakage attacks on Encrypted Search
Authors: Kamara Seny , Kati Abdelkarim , Moataz Tarik , DeMaria Jamie , Park Andrew , Treiber Amos
Published: October 2023

Encrypted search algorithms (ESAs) enable private search on encrypted data and can be constructed from a variety of cryptographic primitives. All knownsub-linear ESA algorithms leak information and, therefore, the design of leakage attacks is an important way to ascertain whether a given leakage profile is exploitable in practice. Recently,Oya and Kerschbaum(Usenix '22) presented an attack called IHOP that targets the query equality pattern which reveals if and when two queries are for the same keyword of a sequence of dependent queries. In this work, we continue the study of query equality leakage on dependent queries and present two new attacks in this setting which can work either as known-distribution or known-sample attacks. They model query distributions as Markov processes and leverage insights and techniques from stochastic processes and machine learning. We implement our attacks and evaluate them on real-world query logs. Our experiments show that they outperform the state-of-the-art in most settings but also have limitations inpractical settings.
SEDMA: Self-Distillation with Model Aggregation for Membership Privacy
Authors: Nakai Tsunato , Wang Ye , Yoshida Kota , Fujino Takeshi
Published: October 2023

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) are important measures to evaluate potential risks of privacy leakage from machine learning (ML) models. State-of-the-art MIA defenses have achieved favorable privacy-utility trade-offs using knowledge distillation on split training datasets. However, such defenses increase computational costs as a large number of the ML models must be trained on the split datasets. In this study, we proposed a new MIA defense, called SEDMA, based on self-distillation using model aggregation to mitigate the MIAs, inspired by the model parameter averaging as used in federated learning. The key idea of SEDMA is to split the training dataset into several parts and aggregate multiple ML models trained on each split for self-distillation. The intuitive explanation of SEDMA is that model aggregation prevents model over-fitting by smoothing information related to the training data among the multiple ML models and preserving the model utility, such as in federated learning. Through our experiments on major benchmark datasets (Purchase100, Texas100, and CIFAR100), we show that SEDMA outperforms state-of-the-art MIA defenses in terms of membership privacy (MIA accuracy), model accuracy, and computational costs. Specifically, SEDMA incurs at most approximately 3 - 5% model accuracy drop, while achieving the lowest MIA accuracy in state-of-the-art empirical MIA defenses. For computational costs, SEDMA takes significantly less processing time than a defense with the state-of-the-art privacy-utility trade-offs in previous defenses. SEDMA achieves both favorable privacy-utility trade-offs and low computational costs.
SWiSSSE: System-Wide Security for Searchable Symmetric Encryption
Authors: Gui Zichen , Paterson Kenneth G. , Patranabis Sikhar , Warinschi Bogdan
Published: October 2023

This paper initiates a new direction in the design and analysis of searchable symmetric encryption (SSE) schemes. We provide the first comprehensive security model and definition for SSE that takes into account leakage from the entirety of the SSE system, including not only from access to encrypted indices but also from access to the encrypted database documents themselves. Such system-wide leakage is intrinsic in end-to-end SSE systems, and can be used to break almost all state-of-the-art SSE schemes (Gui et al., IEEE S&P 2023). We then provide a static SSE construction meeting our new security notion. The proposed SSE scheme involves a combination of novel techniques: bucketization to hide volumes of responses to queries, and delayed, pseudorandom write-backs to disrupt access pattern. Our implementation and analysis of the proposed scheme demonstrates that it offers very strong security against general classes of (system-wide) leakage-abuse attacks with moderate overhead. Our scheme scales smoothly to databases containing hundreds of thousand of documents and millions of keyword-document pairs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first end-to-end SSE scheme that effectively suppresses system-wide leakage while maintaining practical efficiency.
User-Controlled Privacy: Taint, Track, and Control
Authors: Hublet François , Basin David , Krstić Srđan
Published: October 2023

We develop the first language-based, Privacy by Design approach that provides support for a rich class of privacy policies. The policies are user-defined, rather than programmer-defined, and support fine-grained information flow restrictions (considering individual application inputs and outputs) with temporal constraints. Our approach, called Taint, Track, and Control (TTC), combines dynamic information-flow control and runtime verification to enforce these policies in the presence of malicious users and developers.
We provide TTC's semantics and proofs of its correct enforcement, formalized in the Isabelle/HOL proof assistant. We also implement our approach in a web development framework and port three baseline applications from previous work into this framework for evaluation. Overall, our approach enforces expressive user-defined privacy policies with practical runtime performance.
SGXonerate:Finding (and Partially Fixing) Privacy Flaws in TEE-based Smart Contract Platforms Without Breaking the TEE
Authors: Jean-Louis Nerla , Li Yunqi , Ji Yan , Malvai Harjasleen , Yurek Thomas , Bellemare Sylvain , Miller Andrew
Published: October 2023

TEE-based smart contracts are an emerging blockchain architecture, offering fully programmable privacy with better performance than alternatives like secure multiparty computation. They can also support compatibility with existing smart contract languages, such that existing (plaintext) applications can be readily ported, picking up privacy enhancements automatically. While previous analysis of TEE-based smart contracts have focused on failures of TEE itself, we asked whether other aspects might be understudied. We focused on state consistency, a concern area highlighted by Li et al., as well as new concerns including access pattern leakage and software upgrade mechanisms. We carried out a code review of a cohort of four TEE-based smart contract platforms. These include Secret Network, the first to market with in-use applications, as well as Oasis, Phala, and Obscuro, which have at least released public test networks.
The first and most broadly applicable result is that access pattern leakage occurs when handling persistent contract storage. On Secret Network, its fine-grained access pattern is catastrophic for the transaction privacy of SNIP-20 tokens. If ERC-20 tokens were naively ported to Oasis they would be similarly vulnerable; the others in the cohort leak coarse-grained information at approximately the page level (4 kilobytes). Improving and characterizing this will require adopting techniques from ORAMs or encrypted databases.
Second, the importance of state consistency has been underappreciated, in part because exploiting such vulnerabilities is thought to be impractical. We show they are fully practical by building a proof-of-concept tool that breaks all advertised privacy properties of SNIP-20 tokens, able to query the balance of individual accounts and the token amount of each transfer. We additionally demonstrate MEV attacks against the Sienna Swap application. As a final consequence of lacking state consistency, the developers have inadvertently introduced a decryption backdoor through their software upgrade process. We have helped the Secret developers mitigate this through a coordinated vulnerability disclosure, after which their state consistency should be roughly on par with the rest.
Reciprocal causal relationship between Police Job Satisfaction and Citizen Satisfaction: Focusing on Satisfaction Mirror Theory
Authors:   The Korean Society of Private Security, Lee Myung Woo , Kwak Hyoung Gon
Published: October 2023

This study aims to analyze the reciprocal causal relationship between police job satisfaction and citizens' satisfaction with public safety. Utilizing secondary data collected from 252 police stations nationwide from 2016 to 2019, a cross-lagged panel model was employed for the analysis. The findings indicated a positive reciprocal relationship between police job satisfaction and citizens' satisfaction with public safety, corroborating the “Satisfaction Mirror” theory. The results of this research reaffirm the interdependent relationship between the police and citizens, presenting a longitudinal study that, in contrast to prior research, emphasizes the dynamic interaction between the two variables at the organizational level. However, as the findings are anchored in the culture and specific timeframe of one country, caution should be exercised when applying them to nations or regions with different backgrounds. Future studies should account for these limitations, analyze differences across countries and regions, and deeply explore the intricacies of the relationship by incorporating a broader spectrum of factors.
Congestion Guard Safety Management Plan through Cooperative Public Order Establishment
Authors:   The Korean Society of Private Security, Lee Tae-Yeoung , Sung Yong-eun
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study is to suggest methods to establish cooperative security among the three areas of local government, police, and private security regarding safety management measures for congestion security situations that occur at large-scale citizen participation events.. To conduct this study, we investigated accidents at domestic event venues and festivals that occurred from 2005 to 2022 and analyzed the causes and characteristics of each case. In addition, the study was conducted using a qualitative research method through interviews with practitioners based on manuals used by local governments and police organizations to respond to local festivals and events. As a result of the study, first, local governments need to take the lead and have cooperative security using the police and private security. Second, a cooperation system between the police and private security to respond to regular congestion security and regular mock training to cope with actual situations are needed. Third, private security needs to train and secure professional personnel who can diagnose security, including the shortcomings of various local events and festivals and the status of facility management, and build citizen trust by actively promoting successful cases of maintaining order. suggested that. Finally, the limitations of this study were discussed.
The Zonal Theory of Musical Time and the Trans-Disciplinary Approach to the Study of Musical Phenomena
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Gorbunova Irina B. , Zalivadny Mikhail S. ,   Saint-Petersburg Rimsky-Korsakov State Conservatory
Published: October 2023

The study of the factors of uncertainty in the system of musical thought has become a subject of fixed attention on the part of music researchers, partially being in advance of certain analogous results in the spheres of the exact sciences. The synergetic approach, stipulated by processes of development of contemporary science, is determined by the substantiation of its application towards their studies, not only in the natural sciences, but also in the humanitarian disciplines and becomes an important instrument of cognition and interpretation of the semantic structures of all the temporal arts, including the art of music. the article examines a number of endeavors to study the probabilistic-statistic natural laws of music presented in Ludwik Bielawski’s book The Zonal Theory of Time and its Meanings for Musical Anthropology: The Endeavor of Definition of the Place and the Role in the History of Theoretic Musicology (Krakow, 1976), in which the natural laws of the functioning of musical levels on various levels and in the various forms of its manifestation. The authors of the article give attention to the use in scholarly research works devoted to this problem range of music computer technologies which has served as a basis for the possibility of creating new theoretic and experimental-practical means of studying music, including the factors of indeterminacy in music applied to the sphere of musical education researched with the means of music computer technologies. In this connection, the article elucidates a number of new educational directions and programs developed by the members of the learning and teaching laboratory “Music Computer Technologies” of the Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia called to provide the preparation of specialists who possessed various forms and means of the transdisciplinary approach to studies of musical phenomena and processes.
The Fixed Poetic Form vs the Musical Form: The Experience of Analyzing Madrigal Settings of Sestina Texts
Authors:   Gnesin Russian Academy of Music, Gerver Larisa L.
Published: October 2023

The fixed poetic forms of Petrarch’s Canzoniere and the poetical works of the Petrarchist poets who imitated the great Italian master frequently served as texts for 16th century madrigals. In this connection, the author of the present article poses the question about the possible impact of the fixed poetic form on the form of the respective musical composition. A preliminary familiarization with madrigals composed on the texts of the sonnets, ballatas and sestinas (Italian: sestine) has shown that imitations of the poetic forms is the most discernible in those cases when the composer turns to the sestina to set it to music. The main material for analysis has been formed by the cyclic madrigals: Là ver l’aurora che sì dolce l’aura by Orlando di Lasso and Non fu mai cervo si veloce al corso, Sola angioletta starsi in trecie a l’ombra and Giovane donna sotto un verde lauro by Luca Marenzio, composed on the full texts of sestinas, as well as a few other similar works. The sestina consists of six stanzas each containing six lines, along with a conclusory stanza of three lines. The special rhyme pattern for the sestina, featuring six words defining the rhythms invariably repeated in the six main stanzas following the scheme, ABCDEF FAEBDC CFDABE, etc., generates the repetition of the end-word of the previous stanza in the beginning of the first line of the following stanza. As it is shown in the article, it is particularly this feature of the sestina that finds resonance with the form of the madrigal. The end of the previous section of a madrigal and the beginning of the following section have a connection established between them, which, as a rule, is achieved by means of repetitions. This concerns the melodic units and the characteristic details of sound, both the harmonic and the melodic varieties. Along with repetitions, a single harmonic construction is used, which begins at the conclusion of one section of a madrigal and concludes at the beginning of the following section.