bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Camargo Guarnieri e o ano de 1928 - Fronteira Catalográfica
Authors: Barbieri Domenico
Published: January 2017

O artigo apresenta a catalogação das obras compostas entre 1920 e 1928 que, segundo o compositor, não representariam “valor rigorosamente artístico” e, portanto, não deveriam “em hipótese alguma e sob nenhum pretexto, ser impresso e publicado, devendo apenas servir para estudo critico e comparativo”. Do texto de Camargo Guarnieri concluímos que o compositor é consciente da importância de sua obra e fornece elementos para a sua análise, antevendo que a mesma virá a ser objeto de "estudos críticos e comparativos"
Nota do Editor
Authors: Martins José Eduardo
Published: January 2017

Nota do Editor, Vol. 5, Nº 2
Breve Análise de "Música para as Crianças" (1977) do compositor português Fernando Lopes-Graça (1906-1994)
Authors: Azevedo António Sérgio
Published: January 2017

Compostas em 1977, estas vinte e oito pequenas peças infantis representam, no imenso catálogo de Lopes-Graça, aquela faceta didática e lúdica que sempre esteve presente na sua obra de compositor. Artista profundamente consciente do seu papel na sociedade enquanto músico interveniente, tanto do ponto de vista político como social e cultural, Graça sempre utilizou a sua Arte para o embate ideológico e para o crescimento cultural de todo um Povo. Obras mais típicas dessa intervenção são as célebres "Canções e Marchas", mais tarde conhecidas como "Canções Heróicas", quase todas as peças para coros amadores (entre as quais as "Canções Regionais Portuguesas"), e ainda coleções para piano como o "Álbum para jovens pianistas" e as vinte e oito miniaturas infantis, que aqui irão ser o objeto de uma análise mais detalhada.
Ulisses e as Sereias da Originalidade
Authors: Paes José Paulo
Published: January 2017

Resenha de MENDES, Gilberto. Uma odisséia musical: dos mares do Sul à elegância pop/art déco. São Paulo: Giordano/EDUSP, 1994.
Nota do Editor
Authors: Martins José Eduardo
Published: January 2017

Nota do Editor - Vol. 6 Nº 1/2
Les idées d'Avant-Garde dans la musique Bulgare pour piano dans la seconde moitié du XXème Siècle
Authors: Tosheva Angela
Published: January 2017

La musique bulgare d'avant-garde pour piano reste à découvrir l'échelle internationale à cause des idées originales qu'elle comporte, pour leur temps; créée par des compositeurs bulgares parmi lesquels nous pouvrons distinguer Konstantine Iliev,Lazare Nikolov, Ivan Spassov, Vassil Kazandjiev et également Guéorgui Mintchev et Dimiter Hristov en tant que compositeurs aux idées particulièrement modernes. L'isolament sévère à laquelle la Bulgarie fut soumise au sein de l'univers culturel mondial, comparé aux autres pays de régime communiste de l'Europe de l'Est explique le repliement interne dans lequel les compositeurs d'avant-garde ont créé leurs oeuvres. Cette dépendance directe des décisions politiques du parti communiste bulgare à laquelle nos créations musicales furent soumises a eu pour effet de nous couper de toutes sources d'information sur le développement de la musique au-délà du Rideau de Fer qui ne soient pas sujettes à leur intromission. Dans une telle atmosphère de tension et de détente soumise aux créations artistiques soviétiques officielles en Bulgarie, il y eut des oeuvres uniques en leur genre autant par rapport à l'époque de leur création que par l'avant-gardisme de leur idée de composition.
Encontros com François Lesure
Authors: Lesure François , Martins José Eduardo
Published: January 2017

Aos 9 de outubro de 1997 deu-se o encontro com François Lesure no auditório do Departamento de Música da ECA-USP. Foi a terceira visita do ilustre visitante ao Departamento. Em 1988, fixava, em palestra, bases sólidas para aquele que viria a ser o Mestrado em Musicologia do Departamento de Música; no ano de 1990 foram novas palestras abordando temáticas  pertinentes ao curso e às suas próprias especialidades. 1997 marcou a terceira estada em São Paulo quando, a convite da Universidade de São Paulo, François Lesure integrou, como membro estrangeiro, a equipe que avaliou o Departamento de Música. A este último seguiu-se a gravação de quatro programas na Rádio USP-FM, por nós apresentados todas as terças-feiras, às 22 horas, e que foram ao ar em novembro de 97, sendo que, na ocasião, François Lesure abordou desde a sua trajetória como, igualmente, temas aos quais se dedicou. As gravações de ambas as atividades foram traduzidas, buscando o tradutor, na medida do possível, conservar o espontâneo da oralidade. No decorrer do encontro ou da entrevista, François Lesure mencionou algumas de suas obras ou temática pertinente a uma delas. No final, apresentamos bibliografia significativa do autor, a fim de melhor orientar o leitor.
Selection of Critical Isthmus in Scar-Related Atrial Tachycardia Using a New Automated Ultrahigh Resolution Mapping System
Authors: Laţcu Decebal Gabriel , Bun Sok-Sithikun , Viera Frédéric , Delassi Tahar , El Jamili Mohammed , Al Amoura Alaa , Saoudi Nadir
Published: December 2016

Background—

Accurate activation mapping of reentrant scar-related atrial tachycardias (AT) allows efficient radiofrequency ablation by targeting the critical isthmus (CI). We aimed to assess the electrophysiological properties of CI channels during mapping with the IntellaMap Orion basket and the Rhythmia system.

Methods and Results—

We prospectively studied 33 AT (post– atrial fibrillation ablation or surgical mitral valve repair). The noise of bipolar electrogram (EGM) was systematically measured at 10 prespecified sites, as well as on a standard catheter and on the surface ECG. Bipolar EGM of CI regions were analyzed for amplitude, duration, and conduction velocity. The isthmus region to be targeted was chosen based solely on propagation. For each AT, 25 684±14 276 EGMs were automatically annotated. Noise of the Orion EGM was 0.011±0.004 mV, lower than that of a standard catheter (0.016±0.019) and surface ECG (0.02±0.01;
P
<0.05). For reentrant AT, within the CI, bipolar EGM amplitude (0.08±0.11 mV) and conduction velocity (0.27±0.19 m/s) were lower than those orthodromically before (0.62±0.93 mV; 1±0.49 m/s) and after (0.80±1.59 mV; 1±0.73 m/s) the isthmus (
P
<0.001 for all). In 97% of AT, ablation at the CI resulted in AT termination. No complications occurred.

Conclusions—

This new automated ultrahigh resolution mapping system produces low noise and allows accurate diagnosis of AT circuits. CI on reentrant scar-related AT showed much lower EGM amplitude with a significantly slower conduction velocity than the surrounding parts of the circuit. Ablation of the areas of slow conduction resulted in a high acute success.
Association of Rate-Dependent Conduction Block Between Eccentric Coronary Sinus to Left Atrial Connections With Inducible Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter
Authors: Huang Dong , Marine Joseph E. , Li Jing-bo , Zghaib Tarek , Ipek Esra Gucuk , Sinha Sunil , Spragg David D. , Ashikaga Hiroshi , Berger Ronald D. , Calkins Hugh , Nazarian Saman
Published: December 2016

Background—

We sought to describe the prevalence and variability of coronary sinus (CS) and left atrial (LA) myocardium connections, their susceptibility to rate-dependent conduction block, and association with atrial fibrillation (AF) and flutter induction.

Methods and Results—

The study cohort included 30 consecutive AF patients (age 63.3±10.5 years, 63% male). Multipolar catheters were positioned in the CS, high right atrium (HRA), and LA parallel to and near the CS. Trains of 10 pacing stimuli were delivered during sinus rhythm from each of the following sites: CS proximal (CS
p
), CS distal (CS
d
), LA septum (LA
s
), lateral LA (LA
l
), and HRA, at the following cycle lengths: 1000, 500, 400, 300, and 250 ms, while recording from the other catheters. With the CS 9 to 10 bipole just inside the CS ostium, CS–LA connections were observed in 100% at CS 9 to 10, 30% at CS 7 to 8, 23% at CS 5 to 6, 23% at CS 3 to 4, and 97% at CS 1 to 2. Eighteen patients (60%) had AF/atrial flutter induced. Rate-dependent conduction block of a CS–LA connection at cycle length of ≥250 ms was present in 17 (94%) of those with versus none of those without AF/atrial flutter induction (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—

Rate-dependent eccentric CS–LA conduction block is associated with AF/atrial flutter induction in patients with drug-refractory AF undergoing ablation. The presence of dual muscular CS–LA connections, coupled with unidirectional block in one limb, seems to serve as a substrate for single or multiple reentry beats, and arrhythmia induction.
Impact of Cerebrovascular Events Older Than One Year on Ischemic and Bleeding Outcomes With Cangrelor in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Sawlani Neal N. , Harrington Robert A. , Stone Gregg W. , Steg Ph. Gabriel , Gibson C. Michael , Hamm Christian W. , Price Matthew J. , Prats Jayne , Deliargyris Efthymios N. , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , White Harvey D. , Bhatt Deepak L.
Published: December 2016

Background—

Cangrelor is a potent intravenous adenosine diphosphate–receptor antagonist that in the CHAMPION trials reduced the 48-hour and 30-day rates of ischemic events during percutaneous coronary intervention without an increase in severe bleeding.

Methods and Results—

CHAMPION PCI (A Clinical Trial to Demonstrate the Efficacy of Cangrelor), CHAMPION PLATFORM (Cangrelor Versus Standard Therapy to Achieve Optimal Management of Platelet Inhibition), and CHAMPION PHOENIX (A Clinical Trial Comparing Cangrelor to Clopidogrel Standard Therapy in Subjects Who Require Percutaneous Coronary Intervention) were 3 randomized, double-blind, double-dummy trials in which cangrelor was compared with clopidogrel during percutaneous coronary intervention. The effect of cangrelor on ischemic events and bleeding was analyzed in the subgroup of patients with a history of cerebrovascular events at least 1 year prior to randomization; the Breslow–Day test was used to test for interaction of treatment effect in subgroups with and without such a history. The primary efficacy end point was a composite of death, myocardial infarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, or stent thrombosis at 48 hours. Among 24 910 randomized patients, 1270 patients (5.1%) had a cerebrovascular event >1 year old, including 650 assigned to cangrelor and 620 assigned to clopidogrel. Consistent with the overall trial results, the rate of the primary efficacy end point was 4.3% in the cangrelor group versus 5.3% in the clopidogrel group (odds ratio 0.80; 95% confidence interval 0.48–1.34;
P
=0.40;
P
for interaction =0.97), and the rate of GUSTO (Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries) severe bleeding was 0.3% in both groups (
P
=0.97;
P
for interaction =0.81).

Conclusions—

Among patients in the CHAMPION trials with a prior cerebrovascular event at least 1 year before the percutaneous coronary intervention, the efficacy and bleeding profile of cangrelor compared with clopidogrel was similar to that in the overall trial.
Injuries to the Aorta, Aortic Annulus, and Left Ventricle During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Langer Nathaniel B. , Hamid Nadira B. , Nazif Tamim M. , Khalique Omar K. , Vahl Torsten P. , White Jonathon , Terre Juan , Hastings Ramin , Leung Diana , Hahn Rebecca T. , Leon Martin , Kodali Susheel , George Isaac
Published: December 2016

The experience with transcatheter aortic valve replacement is increasing worldwide; however, the incidence of potentially catastrophic cardiac or aortic complications has not decreased. In most cases, significant injuries to the aorta, aortic valve annulus, and left ventricle require open surgical repair. However, the transcatheter aortic valve replacement patient presents a unique challenge as many patients are at high or prohibitive surgical risk and, therefore, an open surgical procedure may not be feasible or appropriate. Consequently, prevention of these potentially catastrophic injuries is vital, and practitioners need to understand when open surgical repair is required and when alternative management strategies can be used. The goal of this article is to provide an overview of current management and prevention strategies for major complications involving the aorta, aortic valve annulus, and left ventricle.
Role of Diastolic Stress Testing in the Evaluation for Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Obokata Masaru , Kane Garvan C. , Reddy Yogesh N. V. , Olson Thomas P. , Melenovsky Vojtech , Borlaug Barry A.
Published: December 2016

Background:

Diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is challenging and relies largely on demonstration of elevated cardiac filling pressures (pulmonary capillary wedge pressure). Current guidelines recommend use of natriuretic peptides (N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide) and rest/exercise echocardiography (E/e′ ratio) to make this determination. Data to support this practice are conflicting.

Methods:

Simultaneous echocardiographic-catheterization studies were prospectively conducted at rest and during exercise in subjects with invasively proven HFpEF (n=50) and participants with dyspnea but no identifiable cardiac pathology (n=24).

Results:

N-Terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide levels were below the level considered to exclude disease (≤125 pg/mL) in 18% of subjects with HFpEF. E/e′ ratio was correlated with directly measured pulmonary capillary wedge pressure at rest (
r
=0.63,
P
<0.0001) and during exercise (
r
=0.57,
P
<0.0001). Although specific, current guidelines were poorly sensitive, identifying only 34% to 60% of subjects with invasively proven HFpEF on the basis of resting echocardiographic data alone. Addition of exercise echocardiographic data (E/e′ ratio>14) improved sensitivity (to 90%) and thus negative predictive value, but decreased specificity (71%).

Conclusions:

Currently proposed HFpEF diagnostic guidelines on the basis of resting data are poorly sensitive. Adding exercise E/e′ data improves sensitivity and negative predictive value but compromises specificity, suggesting that exercise echocardiography may help rule out HFpEF. These results question the accuracy of current approaches to exclude HFpEF on the basis of resting data alone and reinforce the value of exercise testing using invasive and noninvasive hemodynamic assessments to definitively confirm or refute the diagnosis of HFpEF.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique Identifier: NCT01418248.
Phylogeny of Neckeropsis and Himantocladium (Neckeraceae, Bryophytina)
Authors: Olsson Sanna , Enroth Johannes , Hutunen Sanna , Quandt Dietmar
Published: December 2016

Two closely related tropical genera from the pleurocarpous moss family Neckeraceae are revised: the second largest genus in the family, Neckeropsis, currently with 29 species, and Himantocladium, comprising six species. Twenty-one species of Neckeropsis and five of Himantocladium were included in this study, which is based on phylogenetic analyses using sequence level data from the plastid (rps4)-trnT-trnL-trnF cluster and rpl16 as well as nuclear ITS1 & 2. Neckeropsis appeared as polyphyletic. Neckeropsis s. str. comprises 12 species and a further four species, not included in the analysis, are tentatively retained in the genus based on morphology. Four new genera are segregated from Neckeropsis: Pengchengwua (with one sp.), Planicladium (two spp.), Pseudoparaphysanthus (five spp.), and Neckeromnion (five spp.). Neckeropsis gracilis is synonymized with Neckeromnion urocladum and reported for the first time from Laos. Four molecular analyzed species are resolved in the Himantocladium s. str. clade, with a fifth species being added solely on morphological basis. Himantocladium formosicum is transferred to Neckeropsis. Leaf-like paraphyses (ramenta), unique in Neckeropsis s. str., have evolved two times. In addition, the rare Noguchiodendron sphaerocarpum from the Himalayan region, the single species in its genus, was included in a phylogenetic analysis for the first time and it was found to be closely related to the Asian genus Taiwanobryum.
Petrocodon pulchriflorus sp. nov. (Gesneriaceae) from Guangxi, China
Authors: LU YONG-BIN , PAN BO , HUANG JIE , XIANG CHUN-LEI , ZHANG QIANG
Published: January 2017

Petrocodon pulchriflorus, a new species of Gesneriaceae is described and illustrated from the limestone area of southwestern Guangxi, China. It is similar to Petrocodon guangxiensis, but can be distinguished by several characters, such as the size and shape of leaf blades, inflorescences and corolla, and the position of stamens. Also the phylogenetic affinity of Petrocodon pulchriflorus is presented based on the plastid trnL-F and nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences.
Schistura papulifera, a new species of cave loach from Meghalaya, India (Teleostei: Balitoridae)
Authors: KOTTELAT MAURICE , HARRIES DANIEL R. , PROUDLOVE GRAHAM S.
Published: January 2017

Schistura papulifera, new species, is described from a cave of the Synrang Pamiang system, Meghalaya State, India. It is distinguished from all other known species of Schistura in having the lower half of the head covered by small skin projections and 5 pores in the supratemporal canal of the cephalic lateral-line system. In addition, it has a white body and vestigial eyes. The closest epigean relative of S. papulifera has not yet been identified due to the lack of survey and usable data. The identity of the cave nemacheiline from Siju Cave is briefly discussed, but this remains inconclusive, again due to the lack of material and usable data.
An account of the Genus Turris species (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Turridae) from the East and South China Seas
Authors: LI BAOQUAN , LI XINZHENG
Published: January 2017

Five species of the genus Turris Röding, 1798 from the China seas are reported in the present paper, they are Turris grandis (Gray, 1834); T. crispa (Lamarck, 1816); T. undosa (Lamarck, 1816); T. annulata (Reeve, 1843); T. normandavidsoni Olivera, 1999. In which, T. grandis, T. undosa and T. normandavidsoni are recorded here for the first time from the China Seas. The material was collected from the South China Sea off Gongdong, Beibu Gulf, Hainan Island, Xisha Islands, Nansha Islands, and the East China Sea.
Four new species of Sabatieria Rouville, 1903 (Nematoda, Comesomatidae) from the Continental Slope of Atlantic Southeast
Authors: BOTELHO ALESSANDRA PRATES , DA SILVA MARIA CRISTINA , ESTEVES ANDRÉ MORGADO , FONSÊCA-GENEVOIS VERÔNICA
Published: January 2017

Sabatieria is the most abundant genus along the Campos Basin, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Four new species of Sabatieria (Nematoda-Comesomatidae) from the Continental Slope of Atlantic Southeast are described. Sabatieria spiculata sp.nov. is characterized by the size of spicule and the presence of dorsal tooth ; S. paraspiculata sp. nov. by tail shape and the maximum diameter; S. bitumen sp. nov. by spicule shape with an arrow-like distal part and the S. subrotundicauda sp.nov. by a round tail and reflected ovary.
The mythic species Issus analis Brullé, 1833 (Hemiptera, Fulgoroidea, Issidae): still an enigmatic taxon
Authors: GNEZDILOV VLADIMIR M. , BOURGOIN THIERRY
Published: January 2017

One Issidae specimen stored in Paris museum historical collections is reported as holotype of Issus analis Brullé, 1833. From the original description, which is confirmed by study of this specimen, the species is moved to the genus Zopherisca Emeljanov, 2001 under a new combination Zopherisca analis (Brullé, 1833), comb. n. Date of description is discussed and modified from 1832 to 1833 accordingly. Unfortunately being a female as type specimen, the species remains quite enigmatic until some molecular analsysis could be undertaken on this old material.
Just the Facts: Common Core State Standards
Authors: Williams Cheryl Scott
Published: January 2017

Find out what you need to know about the Common Core State Standards to shine in your job interviews and in the classroom.
Try a New Approach
Authors: Prosek Jacob
Published: January 2017

This article looks at some best practices for teaching the harmonica as demonstrated in schools in southern Germany. The author describes the role the harmonica has played in music education, offering a brief overview of the instrument’s use in the United States. He shares what certain German educators are doing and how their techniques can be applied in the music classroom. This article also examines how the harmonica has enhanced music education in Germany and how it can do so elsewhere.
Leaving the future behind
Authors: Sellar Sam
Published: January 2017

This article puts forward the provocation that optimism has become a trap for educational research. It is argued that optimism underpins the implicit model of modern educational thought, which is oriented toward the future and wants it to be better. However, optimism can become a trap when it encourages investment in promises about the benefits of education that cannot be realized for all. As more and more people invest in education to ‘get ahead’ their optimism contributes to decreasing the value of credentials and thus undermines the promised benefits. Educational researchers contribute to this bind because the dominant model of modern educational thought is inherently optimistic. However, pessimism offers an inherently unpromising alternative. In a time of economic, environmental, and technological disruption, this article the concept of disaster might provoke lines of thought that go beyond the alternative between optimism or pessimism. The writings of Lauren Berlant, Maurice Blanchot, and Gilles Deleuze provide the theoretical framing for the argument. The article concludes that if optimism has lured educational thought and research into a trap, then it may be time to give up on ‘the future’ in order to get out.
Into the Red and Back to the Nest? Student Debt, College Completion, and Returning to the Parental Home among Young Adults
Authors: Houle Jason N. , Warner Cody
Published: January 2017

Rising student debt has sparked concerns about its impact on the transition to adulthood. In this paper, we examine the claim that student debt is leading to a rise in ‘‘boomeranging,’’ or returning home, using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 Cohort and discrete time-event history models. We have four findings. First, student loan debt is not associated with boomeranging in the complete sample. However, we find that the association differs by race, such that the link between student debt and returning home is stronger for black than for white youth. Third, degree completion is a strong predictor of returning home, whereby those who fail to attain a degree have an increased risk of boomeranging. Fourth, young adult role transitions and socioeconomic well-being are associated with boomeranging. Findings suggest that rising debt has created new risks and may reproduce social inequalities in the transition to adulthood.
Aspects of Adoption and Foster Care
Authors: Schwartz Lita Linzer
Published: January 2017

A brief overview of the history of adoption in the United States provides a background for examining adoption today from different perspectives: those of the prospective adoptive parents, the social services agency worker, and ultimately the adoptee. Particular attention is focused on the potential for conflicts due to different perceptions or interpretations of the same facts. The greatest concern discussed is for the children who are moved about in the foster care system with relatively little thought given by the adults to the stress experienced by these children or helping them to deal with it.
Middle Latency Electric Auditory Responses in Patients with Acoustic Neuroma
Authors: Harker Lee A. , Backoff Patricia
Published: January 2017

Simultaneous evaluation of auditory brain stem response (ABR) and middle latency response (MLR) in groups of adult subjects with normal hearing, sensorineural hearing loss, and internal auditory canal (IAC) and cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumors was carried out. Middle latency response delays similar to those described for ABR are seen in patients with IAC and CPA tumors, and such abnormalities are not seen in patients with sensorineural hearing loss from other causes. In comparison with the ABR in tumor patients, the MLR can be evoked more often but the percentage of false negative responses (based on peak latency values) is higher. Using a compound stimulus strengthens the test by allowing examination of more peaks.
Endoscopic Management of Subglottic Stenosis with the CO2 Surgical Laser
Authors: Koufman James A. , Thompson James N. , Kohut Robert I.
Published: January 2017

Recent advances in microsurgery of the larynx have heralded a new era in the endoscopic management of subglottic stenosis. The carbon‐dioxide laser with bronchoscopic adapters can be successfully employed to reestablish an adequate subglottic lumen.

Thirteen cases of subglottic stenosis were managed endoscopically with the carbon dioxide surgical laser. In 77% (10 of 13) of these patients, a satisfactory airway was reestablished within a one‐year period. The technique of laser vaporization and the results of treatment are presented. The role of corticosteroid therapy, antibiotic therapy, tracheotomy, dilation, and laryngeal stenting is discussed.
A Study of the Premature Neonatal Airway
Authors: Fishman Robert A. , Pashley Nigel R.T.
Published: January 2017

Children born prematurely are now enjoying improved survival with advances in neonatology and ventilatory support.

A study of upper airway size in specimens from 39 prematurely born children reveals 7.7% having a cricoid ring diameter greater or equal to the diameter of the tracheal rings. The more commonly expected relationship of the cricoid ring being smaller than the tracheal rings existed in the rest.

This may be of importance in instrumentation or intubation of the airway in premature neonates.

The gestational age was a better indicator of cricoid ring diameter than birth weight. From these findings a formula for reliably predicting the cricoid diameter is proposed, aiding the clinician in endotracheal tube or airway instrument selection.

The combined lung weights were directly related to airway diameter irrespective of measurements of tracheal or cricoid rings. This has not been previously reported and would imply the existence of laryngo‐tracheo‐broncho‐pulmonary hypoplasia in the premature infant.
Reconstruction of Pharyngoesophagus Using Mucosa of Epiglottis
Authors: Sabri Joseph A.
Published: January 2017

The mucosa covering the lingual and laryngeal surfaces of the epiglottis offers excellent and readily accessible material for reconstruction of the pharyngoesophagus where large pharyngeal defects need to be repaired. Such defects are often encountered following radical surgery for cancer involving the pyriform sinus, postcricoid area, or cervical esophagus.

A case report is presented with illustrations demonstrating this technique.
Reflexogenic Vertigo Treated by Tensor Tympani Transection
Authors: Epley John M.
Published: January 2017

Two patients complained of severe vertigo following eructation or hiccup. One patient was poststapedectomy; the other had idiopathic cochlear degeneration. The symptoms were reproduced by Hennebert's test in the pathologic ear. The tensor tympani was transected in both patients. An endolymphatic sac procedure was performed concomitantly in the second patient. Both patients had immediate relief of symptoms. It is hypothesized that these reflex phenomena, which elicited vertigo, were accompanied by tensor tympani contraction, which resulted in medial movement of the stapes or prothesis, and that this movement was transmitted via adhesions to vestibular endorgans to produce the described symptoms.
Computerized Tomography in Hearing Loss and DIsequilibrium States
Authors: Hanafee William N.
Published: January 2017

Computerized tomographic (CT) scanning for intracanalicular tumors requires air as a contrast agent within the internal auditory canal and special computer manipulations of the image to visualize small tumors. The same computer manipulations of CT scans provide detail of the middle and inner ear structures not available by non‐CT tomographic techniques. The demonstration of horizontal semicircular canal fistula is one area in which CT scanning is clearly superior. Some pitfalls of the technique and interpretation of it will be discussed.
Electrophysiologic Evidence for Involvement of Acetylcholine as a Neurotransmitter in the Lateral Vestibular Nucleus
Authors: Ito Juichi , Matsuoka Izuru , Sasa Masashi , Fujimoto Sakae , Takaori Shuji
Published: January 2017

Monosynaptic spike generation of lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) neurons with vestibular nerve stimulation in cats was inhibited by microiontophoretic atropine and gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA). Spontaneous firing of the LVN monosynaptic neuron was increased by iontophoretic acetylcholine and glutamate. Atropine inhibited acetylcholine‐induced firing without affecting glutamate‐induced firing, while GABA blocked spike generation produced by acetylcholine and glutamate. Acetylcholine probably plays a role in transmission from the vestibular nerve to the LVN monosynaptic neurons.
Effects of Adenosine Diphosphate Administration on the Vestibulo‐Oculomotor Reflex of Rabbits
Authors: Yamamoto Koichi , Matsunaga Toru , Kubo Takeshi , Sano Mitsuhito , Miyoshi Toshiyuki
Published: January 2017

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) injection into a unilateral vertebral artery in rabbits decreased per‐rotational nystagmus; the nystagmus beating toward the injected side was predominantly suppressed. This influence became obvious when the animal's blood pressure was low. Field potentials were recorded in the vestibular nuclei upon electric stimulation of the vestibular labyrinth. ADP administration into the vertebral artery also suppressed the amplitude of vestibular evoked potentials (VEPs). Effects of ADP upon the vestibulo‐ocular reflex and VEP were considered to be due to regional ischemia induced by the microemboli, which consisted of platelet aggregation.
Methodologic Aspects of Tympanometry in Cats
Authors: Osguthorpe J. David , Lam Chan
Published: January 2017

The tympanometric effects of the methodologic variables of direction and rate of pressure change were studied in cats. Tympanogram morphologic findings differed between ascending and descending pressure runs, with the descending ones being simpler in configuration and less influenced by the rate of pressure change. The stability of tympanograms to repetitive testing was examined in the same cats, and five human subjects. Acoustic admittance increased sequentially during the first three pressure sweeps of a repetitive testing sequence in a majority of both groups.
Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia‐Asystole Syndrome Secondary to Parapharyngeal Space Lesions
Authors: Sobol Steven M. , Wood Benjamin G. , Conoyer J. Michael
Published: January 2017

Glossopharyngeal neuralgia has been reported in association with asystole, bradycardia, and convulsions secondary to a variety of causes. Two cases of glossopharyngeal neuralgia‐asystole syndrome in association with ipsilateral lesions of the parapharyngeal space are described. A pathogenetic mechanism is proposed in which parapharyngeal space lesions induce neural irritation of the glossopharyngeal afferent pain fibers and reflex afferents within the nerve of Hering to produce the syndrome. The diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas posed by these patients are discussed.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising in Thyroglossal Duct Remnant Cyst Epithelium
Authors: White Irving L. , Talbert Wilmier M.
Published: January 2017

The extremely rare occurrence of invasive squamous cell carcinoma arising from normal epithelial lining of a thyroglossal duct remnant cyst is documented by demonstrating the histopathologic transition from normal squamous epithelium to squamous cell carcinoma. The requirements that must be fulfilled to accept a lesion as arising de novo from the epithelial lining are outlined, and all requirements are achieved. The lesion is differentiated from the less rare papillary or papillary‐follicular adenocarcinoma of residual thyroid tissue of the thyroglossal duct tract remnants.
Assessing Recovery of Facial Function following Acoustic Neuroma Surgery
Authors: Brackmann Derald E. , Barrs David M.
Published: January 2017

Assessing preservation of facial nerve function in acoustic neuroma surgery has been difficult because there has been no standard means of reporting. A patient questionnaire and grading system are presented which assess the degree of facial nerve recovery quite accurately. It is proposed that this questionnaire be used as a standard method for reporting facial nerve function postoperatively. This questionnaire was used with a series of patients to assess their recovery following acoustic neuroma surgery. At 1 year, 64% of patients reported normal facial function and another 15% reported good return of facial function. Only 2% reported complete facial paralysis.
Complicated frontal sinusitis: Evaluation and management
Authors: Gardiner Linda J.
Published: January 2017

The diagnosis and management of complicated cases of frontal sinusitis are challenging problems. Unacceptable mortality and morbldity from delay in diagnosis and treatment must be weighed against the early performance of deforming surgical procedures. Many of these patients require prolonged hospitalization for intravenous antibiotic therapy. The assessment of the optimal time course for such therapy has been difficult. Six Illustrative cases of frontal Sinusitis, complicated by intracranial suppuration, osteomyelitis, and/or bone erosion, are presented. The use of CT, bone, and gallium scans In the diagnosis of complications—and in the timing of antibiotic therapy and surgical intervention—are discussed. Guidelines are formulated for the evaluation and treatment of complicated frontal sinusitis.
The Early Canadian History of Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Goldbloom David S
Published: January 2017

Objective:

To examine several early Canadian descriptions of anorexia nervosa (AN) in light of modern understanding of the disorder.

Method:

Two clinical reports of AN from the late 19th century and early 20th century in Canada are cited and summarized. These original case descriptions are then compared with late 20th century knowledge of the disorder.

Results:

Both of these early descriptions contain many astute and prescient observations on the etiology and sequelae of AN and reveal a compassionate approach to patient care.

Conclusions:

Canadian contributions to the medical literature on AN prior to 1970 merit both careful scrutiny and appreciation in the world literature on this disorder.
Polemics in Risk Management: Essentials regarding the Issue of Malpractice: Anatomy of a Malpractice Claim the Basics
Authors: Ginsburg William H.
Published: January 2017

Physicians should make every effort to avoid malpractice suits. However, if they become involved in a case where malpractice is alleged, there are rules and protocols visited on both physicians and lawyers that will assist in successfully defending the physician or medical group. In exploring these rules and protocols, many of the methods of avoiding malpractice in the first instance become apparent. The authors' conclusions in the instant papers all lead to one conclusion: having a good lawyer to whom the physician can relate, as well as establishment of a careful, caring, thorough and rational relationship with the patient and ultimately the judge and jury, if necessary, are the keys to success in any malpractice or potential malpractice setting.
Modifications of Buttock Augmentation
Authors: Chugay Nikolas V.
Published: January 2017

The traditional method of buttock enlargement, which involves making an incision in the lower portion of the buttocks in the infragluteal fold, frequently results in secondary infections and long recovery times. Because of the proximity of the incision to the rectum and the pressure on the incision, the patient usually requires several days of bed rest. In some instances, it is necessary to remove an otherwise satisfactory implant to correct an infection. The author has overcome this problem by placing the incision in the center of the buttock in the intergluteal fold. A custom-designed solid silicon prosthesis is then placed between the gluteus medius and the gluteus maximus in a space provided by the anatomical design of these two large muscles. The gluteus also provides a good sling for the prosthesis, thus preventing future drooping of the prosthesis. More than 20 buttock enlargements have been successfully performed using this technique with no major complications. Use of this new technique decreases the risk of infection from the anal region and produces a softer, more natural look. This technique is also resistant to possible rupture such as may occur with a nonsolid gel silicone augmentation.
Gene Expression and Accumulation of Fibrillin-1, Fibrillin-2, and Tropoelastin in Cultured Periodontal Fibroblasts
Authors: Tsuruga E. , Irie K. , Yajima T.
Published: January 2017

The elastic system fibers consist of three types—oxytalan, elaunin, and elastic fibers—differing in their relative microfibril and elastin contents. All three types are found in human gingiva, but human periodontal ligaments contain only elastin-free fibers. We examined cultured human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and cultured human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLF) to determine the gene expression of fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2 (the major components of microfibrils) and of tropoelastin. In addition, we assessed the degree of accumulation of these proteins in the extracellular matrix. Northern blot analysis revealed that the level of expression of fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2 was higher in HGF than in HPLF. However, examination of matrix samples from HGF and HPLF cell layers showed that there was no difference in fibrillin-1 accumulation, although fibrillin-2 accumulated to a much greater extent in the HGF-derived matrix. Tropoelastin was expressed only in and around HGF. These results show a correlation between gene expression and the accumulation of tropoelastin and fibrillin-2 in HGF.
Advances in Methods for Diagnosing Coronal Caries-a Review
Authors: Angmar-Mansson B. , Ten Bosh J.J.
Published: January 2017

Diagnostic methods for coronal caries in common use include visual inspection, tactile examination with a probe, bite-wing radiography, and often fiber-optic-transillumination (FOTI). Early diagnosis enables small lesions to be identified so that remineralization of lesions by preventive measures can be attempted; in clinical research, it may shorten the time for clinical trials. Quantitative methods may potentially decrease interexaminer variations and facilitate the determination of small progressions or regressions. This review discusses recent advances in the development of such methods, i.e., endoscopic methods, FOTI, light-scattering, laser fluorescence, ultraviolet illumination, penetration of dyes, iodide penetration, electrical resistance, ultrasonic imaging, and improved radiographic imaging techniques. Diagnosis of occlusal surfaces gains from the use of the electrical resistance method (preferable when the emphasis is on finding lesions) or radiography (when the emphasis is on identifying sound surfaces). Digitized radiography with simple contrast enhancement gives some further improvement. Quantitative methods are not yet proven to be good enough to measure small changes. Quantitative methods are not yet proven to be good enough to measure small changes. For occlusal surfaces, the electrical resistance method may be, but this has to be confirmed. For approximal surfaces, digitized radiography and fluorescent dye penetration have to be tested for clinical feasibility. It is concluded that there are many methods in development, but all require clinical testing, and many still need development before clinical use.
Genetic Approaches to The Study of Oral Microflora: A Review
Authors: Macrina Francis L. , Dertzbaugh Mark T. , Halula Madelon C. , Krah E. Regis , Jones Kevin R.
Published: January 2017

As the study of oral microorganisms intensified almost 2 decades ago, the application of genetic techniques resulted in important contributions to the understanding of this clinically and ecologically important group of bacteria. The isolation and characterization of mutants of cariogenic streptococci helped to focus attention on traits that were important in colonization and virulence. Such classic genetic approaches gave way to molecular genetic techniques, including recombinant DNA methodology in the late 1970s. Gene cloning systems and methods to move DNA into cells have been developed for oral streptococci. Many streptococcal genes thought to be important in colonization and virulence have since been cloned and their nucleotide sequence determined. Mutant strains have been constructed using defective copies of cloned genes in order to create specific genetic lesions on the bacterial chromosome. By testing such mutants in animal models, a picture of the cellular and molecular basis of dental caries is beginning to emerge. These modem genetic methodologies also are being employed to develop novel and efficacious cell-free or whole cell vaccines against this infection. Genetic approaches and analyses are now being used to dissect microorganisms important in periodontal disease as well. Such systems should be able to exploit advances made in genetically manipulating related anaerobes, such as the intestinal Bacteroides. Gene cloning techniques in oral anaerobes, Actinomyces and Actinobacillus, are already beginning to pay dividends in helping understand gene structure and expression. Additional effort is needed to develop facile systems for genetic manipulation of these important groups of microorganisms.
The Permeability of Oral Mucosa
Authors: Squier C.A.
Published: January 2017

In discussing permeability, we are describing one of the fundamental barrier functions of oral mucosa. Despite assumptions to the contrary, the oral mucosa is not a uniformly, highly permeable tissue like gut, but shows regional variation. The keratinized areas, such as gingiva and hard palate, are least permeable and nonkeratinized lining areas are most permeable. This variation appears to reflect differences in the types of lipid making up the intercellular permeability barrier in the superficial layers of the epithelium. Differences in permeability may be related to regional differences in the prevalence of certain mucosal diseases and can be utilized to advantage for local and systemic drug delivery.
Genetic Regulation of Salivary Proteins in Rodents
Authors: Kousvelari Eleni , Tabak Lawrence A.
Published: January 2017

The presence of a protein in the cell is the result of a complex pathway that is known by the term gene expression. In this article we review the existing literature on the structure and expression of representative salivary gland genes and their regulated expression during development and upon extracellular stimulation. The expression of one of the "nuclear" protooncogenes, c-fos, in rat parotid glands is also discussed. Finally, we present some suggestions for future studies that will help to understand the mechanisms leading to gene regulation in rat salivary glands.
Ontogeny of Immunity to Oral Microbiota in Humans
Authors: Smith Daniel J. , Taubman Martin A.
Published: January 2017

This article reviews the ontogeny of immune systems in the human oral cavity that may influence the colonization, accumulation, or pathogenesis of oral microbiota. The prenatal development of cellular components associated with the secretory immune system reveals that the initial organization of tissue into Peyer's patches can first be detected immunohistologically at 11 weeks gestation. Epithelial cells positive for secretory component and immunocytes positive for IgM can be detected in salivary gland tissue by 19 to 20 weeks and continue to predominate during gestation. After birth, immunocytes containing IgA begin to dominate. Essentially, no IgA can be detected in saliva at birth. However, salivary IgA and IgM often appear soon thereafter, presumably in response to environmental antigenic and mitogenic challenges. Salivary IgA in young infants has molecular characteristics of secretory IgA and becomes the quantitatively predominate Ig in saliva. Both IgA subclasses are present in proportions characteristic of adult pure glandular salivas in many 1- to 2-month-old infants, although the appearance of IgA2 is delayed in some subjects. Many innate, antibody, and cellular immune components are found in maternal colostrum and breast milk. The antibacterial properties of these maternal factors are diverse and can exert multifaceted protective effects on the infant's alimentary tract. The infant apparently can mount mucosal immune responses quite early in life. For example, salivary antibody activity to organisms that originally colonize the gut (e.g., E. coli) or the oral cavity (e.g., S. mitis, S. salivarius) can be detected by 1 to 2 months of age. Most of this antibody activity has characteristics of secretory IgA, although some IgM antibody can also be initially detected. Salivary IgAl and IgA2 antibody specificities to S. mitis and S. salivarius components increase qualitatively and quantitatively during the first few years of life. Salivary IgA antibody to components of streptococci that require hard surfaces for colonization (e.g., S. sanguis and mutans streptococci) generally appear after tooth eruption. The loss of placentally derived maternal IgG antibody specificities to these microbiota in the circulation is replaced by de novo synthesis, presumably as a result of the teething process. These IgG antibodies can enter the oral cavity in the gingival crevicular fluid and by the process of teething. The collective contributions in the oral cavity of innate and antibody-based immune elements from the saliva, gingival crevicular fluid (and milk if breast feeding) may be considered together with diet, infectious dose, salivary receptors, and tooth integuments, as factors that can determine the outcome of initial colonization events on erupting tooth surfaces.