bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neural pattern change during encoding of a narrative predicts retrospective duration estimates
Authors: Lositsky Olga , Chen Janice , Toker Daniel , Honey Christopher J , Shvartsman Michael , Poppenk Jordan L , Hasson Uri , Norman Kenneth A
Published: November 2016

What mechanisms support our ability to estimate durations on the order of minutes? Behavioral studies in humans have shown that changes in contextual features lead to overestimation of past durations. Based on evidence that the medial temporal lobes and prefrontal cortex represent contextual features, we related the degree of fMRI pattern change in these regions with people’s subsequent duration estimates. After listening to a radio story in the scanner, participants were asked how much time had elapsed between pairs of clips from the story. Our ROI analyses found that duration estimates were correlated with the neural pattern distance between two clips at encoding in the right entorhinal cortex. Moreover, whole-brain searchlight analyses revealed a cluster spanning the right anterior temporal lobe. Our findings provide convergent support for the hypothesis that retrospective time judgments are driven by 'drift' in contextual representations supported by these regions.
Biomolecular interactions modulate macromolecular structure and dynamics in atomistic model of a bacterial cytoplasm
Authors: Yu Isseki , Mori Takaharu , Ando Tadashi , Harada Ryuhei , Jung Jaewoon , Sugita Yuji , Feig Michael
Published: November 2016

Biological macromolecules function in highly crowded cellular environments. The structure and dynamics of proteins and nucleic acids are well characterized in vitro, but in vivo crowding effects remain unclear. Using molecular dynamics simulations of a comprehensive atomistic model cytoplasm we found that protein-protein interactions may destabilize native protein structures, whereas metabolite interactions may induce more compact states due to electrostatic screening. Protein-protein interactions also resulted in significant variations in reduced macromolecular diffusion under crowded conditions, while metabolites exhibited significant two-dimensional surface diffusion and altered protein-ligand binding that may reduce the effective concentration of metabolites and ligands in vivo. Metabolic enzymes showed weak non-specific association in cellular environments attributed to solvation and entropic effects. These effects are expected to have broad implications for the in vivo functioning of biomolecules. This work is a first step towards physically realistic in silico whole-cell models that connect molecular with cellular biology.
CPEB4 is regulated during cell cycle by ERK2/Cdk1-mediated phosphorylation and its assembly into liquid-like droplets
Authors: Guillén-Boixet Jordina , Buzon Víctor , Salvatella Xavier , Méndez Raúl
Published: November 2016

The four members of the vertebrate CPEB family of RNA-binding proteins share similar RNA-binding domains by which they regulate the translation of CPE-containing mRNAs, thereby controlling cell cycle and differentiation or synaptic plasticity. However, the N-terminal domains of CPEBs are distinct and contain specific regulatory post-translational modifications that presumably differentially integrate extracellular signals. Here we show that CPEB4 activity is regulated by ERK2- and Cdk1-mediated hyperphosphorylation. These phosphorylation events additively activate CPEB4 in M-phase by maintaining it in its monomeric state. In contrast, unphosphorylated CPEB4 phase separates into inactive, liquid-like droplets through its intrinsically disordered regions in the N-terminal domain. This dynamic and reversible regulation of CPEB4 is coordinated with that of CPEB1 through Cdk1, which inactivates CPEB1 while activating CPEB4, thereby integrating phase-specific signal transduction pathways to regulate cell cycle progression.
Synthetic scaffolds help airway cells reach maturity
Authors: Nikolić Marko Z , Rawlins Emma L
Published: November 2016

Transplanting bioengineered human lung organoids into mice could lead to a humanized model for pre-clinical studies of lung disease.
Making better CRISPR libraries
Authors: Zhu Shiyou , Wei Wensheng
Published: November 2016

A new algorithm improves the performance of CRISPR-based genetic screens in mammals.
Reward, reproducibility and recognition in research – the case for going Open
Authors: Kingsley Danny
Published: November 2016

Watch the VIDEO of the presentation.The advent of the internet has meant that scholarly communication has changed immeasurably over the past two decades but in some ways it has hardly changed at all. The coin in the realm of any research remains the publication of novel results in a high impact journal – despite known issues with the Journal Impact Factor. This elusive goal has led to many problems in the research process: from hyperauthorship to high levels of retractions, reproducibility problems and 'cherry picking' of results. The veracity of the academic record is increasingly being brought into question. An additional problem is this static reward systems binds us to the current publishing regime, preventing any real progress in terms of widespread open access or even adoption of novel publishing opportunities. But there is a possible solution. Increased calls to open research up and provide a greater level of transparency have started to yield practical real solutions. This talk will cover the problems we currently face and describe some of the innovations that might offer a way forward.
Direct plasma irradiation affects expression of RNAs in cultured mammalian cells
Authors: Kobayashi Mime , Tokaji Hideto , Kumagai Shinya
Published: November 2016

The expression of RNAs in mouse NIH3T3 cells was altered by low-temperature atmospheric-pressure plasma irradiation. Cell culture liquid media were removed before plasma irradiation so that direct plasma effects can be assessed. After 5 s irradiation, the cells were cultured in media for 1 or 3 h and RNA expression was analyzed using a microarray. When analyzed 1 and 3 h after plasma irradiation, the upregulation of hypothetical transmembrane proteins and U3 small nucleolar RNAs was detected at both time points. Our results provide a basic principle for understanding the molecular mechanisms of plasma effects on mammalian cells.
NiO gate GaN-based enhancement-mode hetrojunction field-effect transistor with extremely low on-resistance using metal organic chemical vapor deposition regrown Ge-doped layer
Authors: Suzuki Asamira , Choe Songbeak , Yamada Yasuhiro , Otsuka Nobuyuki , Ueda Daisuke
Published: November 2016

In this paper, we present a normally-off GaN-based transistor with an extremely low on-resistance (R
on) fabricated by using a Ge-doped n++-GaN layer for ohmic contacts. We developed a novel GaN regrowth technique using Ge as a dopant, which achieved an extremely high doping concentration of 1 × 1020 cm−3, and thereby the lowest specific contact resistance of 1.5 × 10−6 Ω·cm2. The NiO gate fabricated using an atomic layer deposition technique reduced the spacing between the source and drain electrodes. The fabricated device showed the record-breaking R
on of 0.95 Ω·mm with the maximum drain current and transconductance of 1.1 A/mm and 490 mS/mm, respectively. Note that the obtained threshold voltage was 0.55 V. This extremely low R
on characteristic indicates the great potential of NiO-gate GaN-based heterojunction field-effect transistors.
Barrier inhomogeneities and interface states of metal/4H-SiC Schottky contacts
Authors: Huang Lingqin , Geiod Rechard , Wang Dejun
Published: November 2016

The barrier and interface states of Ti, Mo, Ni, and Pt contacts to 4H-SiC were investigated. It is found that the barrier heights for all the contacts are Gaussianly distributed and the barrier inhomogeneity varies with the contact metal type. However, the energy-averaged interface states density in the band gap is metal-insensitive. When considering Gaussian distribution, the interface states density extracted from the electrical properties is consistent with the average density of Gaussianly distributed 4H-SiC surface states, indicating that the barrier inhomogeneities at metal/SiC contacts mainly originate from the spatial variation of surface states on SiC surface. The barrier height and barrier inhomogeneity could be modulated by the contact metal, obeying the barrier height theory of Cowley and Sze.
Effects of CO2laser irradiation on matrix-rich biofilm development formation–an in vitro study
Authors: Zancopé Bruna Raquel , Dainezi Vanessa B. , Nobre-dos-Santos Marinês , Duarte Sillas , Pardi Vanessa , Murata Ramiro M.
Published: November 2016

Background

A carbon dioxide (CO2) laser has been used to morphologically and chemically modify the dental enamel surface as well as to make it more resistant to demineralization. Despite a variety of experiments demonstrating the inhibitory effect of a CO2laser in reduce enamel demineralization, little is known about the effect of surface irradiated on bacterial growth. Thus, this in vitro study was preformed to evaluate the biofilm formation on enamel previously irradiated with a CO2laser (λ = 10.6 µM).

Methods

For this in vitro study, 96 specimens of bovine enamel were employed, which were divided into two groups (n = 48): 1) Control-non-irradiated surface and 2) Irradiated enamel surface. Biofilms were grown on the enamel specimens by one, three and five days under intermittent cariogenic condition in the irradiated and non-irradiated surface. In each assessment time, the biofilm were evaluated by dry weigh, counting the number of viable colonies and, in fifth day, were evaluated by polysaccharides analysis, quantitative real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) as well as by contact angle. In addition, the morphology of biofilms was characterized by fluorescence microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Initially, the assumptions of equal variances and normal distribution of errors were conferred and the results are analyzed statistically by t-test and Mann Whitney test.

Results

The mean of log CFU/mL obtained for the one-day biofilm evaluation showed that there is statistical difference between the experimental groups. When biofilms were exposed to the CO2laser, CFU/mL and CFU/dry weight in three day was reduced significantly compared with control group. The difference in the genes expression (Glucosyltransferases (gtfB) and Glucan-binding protein (gbpB)) and polysaccharides was not statically significant. Contact angle was increased relative to control when the surface was irradiated with the CO2laser. Similar morphology was also visible with both treatments; however, the irradiated group revealed evidence of melting and fusion in the specimens.

Conclusion

In conclusion, CO2laser irradiation modifies the energy surface and disrupts the initial biofilm formation.
Therapeutic role of human hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in treating hair loss
Authors: Qi Yonghao , Li Miao , Xu Lian , Chang Zhijing , Shu Xiong , Zhou Lijun
Published: November 2016

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a paracrine hormone that plays an important role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. HGF secreted by mesenchymal cells affects many properties of epithelial cells, such as proliferation, motility, and morphology. HGF has been reported to promote follicular growth. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the therapeutic role of HGF in hair loss treatment. A recombinant vector containing the human HGF (hHGF) gene (pTARGET-hHGF) was constructed, and the expression of hHGF in vitro was quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated. The effect of hHGF on hair growth was tested in mice, and results demonstrated that pTARGET-hHGF was successfully delivered into fibroblasts in vitro leading to a high expression of hHGF. Local injections of the pTARGET-hHGF recombinant vector into mice resulted in multiple beneficial effects compared to placebo, including faster hair regeneration, improved follicle development, and significantly increased HGF receptor (HGF-R). In conclusion, we have established a nonviral vector of hHGF which could be utilized to manipulate the sheath fibroblasts surrounding hair follicles (HF), thereby stimulating hair regeneration.
Health Care Actions for Reducing Plastic Use and Pollution
Authors: Ong Hilary , Thiel Cassandra L. , Singh Hardeep
Published: September 2024

This Viewpoint proposes a comprehensive sociotechnical approach spanning the entire plastics life cycle to reduce plastic use and pollution in health care.
Drug Use Patterns in Wastewater and Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators
Authors: Zhuang Xiaowei , Moshi Michael A. , Quinones Oscar , Trenholm Rebecca A. , Chang Ching-Lan , Cordes Dietmar , Vanderford Brett J. , Vo Van , Gerrity Daniel , Oh Edwin C.
Published: September 2024

Importance

Measuring drug use behaviors in individuals and across large communities presents substantial challenges, often complicated by socioeconomic and demographic variables.

Objectives

To detect spatial and temporal changes in community drug use by analyzing concentrations of analytes in influent wastewater and exploring their associations with area-based socioeconomic and sociodemographic metrics like the area deprivation index (ADI) and rural-urban commuting area (RUCA) codes.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This longitudinal, cross-sectional wastewater study was performed from May 2022 to April 2023 and included biweekly influent wastewater samples of 39 analytes from 8 sampling locations across 6 wastewater treatment plants in southern Nevada. Statistical analyses were conducted in December 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures

It was hypothesized that wastewater monitoring of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and high-risk substances (HRSs) could reveal true spatial and temporal drug use patterns in near–real time. Data collection of samples for PPCPs and HRSs was performed using mass spectrometry. Both ADI and RUCA scores were utilized to characterize neighborhood contexts in the analysis. The false discovery rate (FDR) method was utilized to correct for multiple comparisons (PFDR).

Results

Over the 12-month wastewater monitoring period, 208 samples for PPCPs and HRSs were collected, and analysis revealed an increase in the consumption of HRSs and the seasonal variation in PPCP use in southern Nevada. There was a significant increase in levels of stimulant-associated analytes, such as cocaine (β = 9.17 × 10−4; SE = 1.29 × 10−4; PFDR = 1.40 × 10−10), and opioids or their metabolites, notably norfentanyl (β = 1.48 × 10−4; SE = 1.88 × 10−4; PFDR = 1.66 × 10−12). In contrast, DEET, an active ingredient in mosquito and tick repellents, demonstrated a seasonal use pattern (β = −4.85 × 10−4; SE = 2.09 × 10−4; PFDR = 4.87 × 10−2). Wastewater from more disadvantaged or rural neighborhoods, as assessed through ADI and RUCA scores, was more likely to show a significant positive correlation with HRSs, such as cocaine (β = 0.075; SE = 0.038; P = .05) and norfentanyl (β = 0.004; SE = 0.001; P = 1.64 × 10−5).

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings suggest that wastewater monitoring of PPCPs and HRSs offers a complementary method to existing public health tools, providing timely data for tracking substance use behaviors and use of PPCPs at a population level.
Comparing Confirmed Sodium Nitrite Suicide Deaths With Poison Center Surveillance Estimates
Authors: Bloom Joshua , Sharpe Alexis , Nulman Seth , Monday Katrina , Marraffa Jeanna M. , Stayton Catherine , Clark Carla , Slone Michele , Cooper Gail , Su Mark K.
Published: September 2024

Importance

Sodium nitrite is a curing agent increasingly used for self-harm and suicide, and multiple locales have reported increasing cases. However, approaches to forensic investigation of these cases are not standardized, and current modes of surveillance in the United States may be inadequate.

Objective

To define a potential standard approach for identifying sodium nitrite deaths based on forensic confirmation, and compare findings based on this standard to poison center surveillance.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective case series of sodium nitrite exposures and deaths was conducted in 2 urban medical examiner jurisdictions in New York State from 2000 to 2022. The population-based sample included individuals from (1) medical examiner reports of decedents where the cause of death was sodium nitrite and (2) poison center reports of intentional exposures to sodium nitrite.

Exposure

Sodium nitrite as either cause of death (medical examiner reports) or intentional exposure (poison center reports).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Medical examiner determination of sodium nitrite deaths was considered the criterion standard and relied largely on confirmatory blood nitrite testing. Poison center records were assessed for intentional exposures to sodium nitrite.

Results

In this case series of 36 decendents, median (range) age was 28 (20-57) years; 23 (63.8%) were male; 6 (16.7%) were African-American, 5 (13.9%) were Chinese, 13 (36.1%) were White, and 4 (11.1%) had unknown race; and 6 (16.7%) were Hispanic. No deaths were found from 2000 to 2018, and yearly increases in deaths from 2019 to 2022; these deaths were largely missed by local poison center surveillance. Most cases (83.3% [n = 30]) had postmortem blood nitrite concentrations available, and multiple decedents had evidence of suicide kit recommendations from internet sources.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this case series of decedents in 2 New York medical examiner jurisdictions, sodium nitrite deaths increased yearly, and the medical examiners were able to obtain confirmatory nitrite concentrations in most cases. These findings suggest that poison center surveillance underestimates confirmed deaths from sodium nitrite; public health authorities should rely on multiple data sources when analyzing this problem, and forensic analyses should be standardized.
Trends in Location of Death for Individuals With Pediatric Cancer
Authors: Jain Urvish , Mathew Angelin Tresa , Jain Bhav , Feliciano Erin Jay Garbes , Dee Edward Christopher , Wexler Leonard H. , Wolden Suzanne L.
Published: September 2024

This cross-sectional study examines trends in location of death among pediatric patients with cancer in the US.
A Review on Direct‐Write Nanoprinting of Functional 3D Structures with Focused Electron Beams
Authors: Reisecker V. , Winkler R. , Plank H.
Published: September 2024

Following Moore`s law, the performance of devices should double within a two‐year span, which can either be done by reducing the size of the individual components or adapting the working mechanism. In most cases the same mantra applies – pushing the size while keeping the quality. As manufacturing techniques are approaching the atomic scale, however, miniaturization reaches its intrinsic limit, shifting focus toward higher‐dimensional architectures realized by stacking planar layers or fabricating true, free‐standing nanostructures. A mask‐less, additive manufacturing technique with the capability to produce such 3D structures at the nanoscale is called Focused Electron Beam Induced Deposition (FEBID). Applying a focused electron beam in a conventional scanning electron microscope together with a gaseous metal‐precursor gives access to a vast library of complex, 3D nanostructures, which exhibit feature sizes down to the 10 nm‐range and can be printed in a single step on most substrates. This review aims at introducing the technique to a broader scientific community, breaking down the most important processing routes and highlighting disciplines explored so far ranging from nanooptics and nanomagnetism, over scanning probes and field emitters to sensing and particle trapping. Finally, a future roadmap of the technique is discussed, and prospective research focus identified.
Enhanced Hydrogen Bonding Through Strong Water‐Locking Additives for Long‐Term Cycling of Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Jiang Ruheng , Naren Tuoya , Chen Yuejiao , Chen Zhao , Zhang Chunxiao , Xie Yiman , Chen Libao , Qi Yuyang , Meng Qingfei , Wei Weifeng , Zhou Liangjun
Published: September 2024

The promising energy storage devices, zinc ion batteries (ZIBs), face challenges such as dendritic growth and side reactions, which hinder their application and development. As a polar group, hydroxyl groups can utilize hydrogen bonding to stably anchor water molecules, preventing contact between water and the anode. Moreover, they can attract and guide Zn2+ to rapidly and uniformly deposit on the anode. Here, the introduction of multi‐hydroxyl water‐locking additive Lactobionic acid (LA) molecules is proposed into conventional electrolytes. Through an in situ reaction between the highly reactive carboxyl groups on LA molecules and the zinc anode, a stable multi‐hydroxyl protective layer is formed on the anode surface, effectively preventing interface corrosion and dendritic growth. As a result, the Zn||Zn symmetric cell with LA exhibits remarkable performance, cycling for 2300 h under 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2. Even under more rigorous conditions of 10 mA cm−2 and 10 mAh cm−2, it maintains over 800 h of cycling durability. Moreover, in the Zn||NH4V4O10 full cell configuration, an impressive capacity retention rate of 80.35% after 2000 cycles at a current density of 5 A g−1. This innovative method can open a new avenue for designing high‐performance ZIBs.
Solvent‐ and Temperature‐Switched Chemoselectivity: Controlled Synthesis of Diverse Pyrazolo[5,1‐a]isoquinolines
Authors: Li Chunmei , Xu Meng , Wang Chen , Zhang Furen , Shen Zhenlu
Published: September 2024

Divergent synthesis of two types of functionalized pyrazolo[5,1‐a]isoquinolines was established via a one‐pot two‐step protocol involving a tunable dehydrogenation process and deacylative oxidation accompanied by elimination of the HNO2 pathway. Key attributes of the procedure included the initial formation of C,N‐cyclic‐N’‐acyl azomethine imines and subsequent switchable chemoseletivity that either led to aroyl‐ and nitro‐substituted pyrazolo[5,1‐a]isoquinolines or proceeded via deacylative oxidation and elimination of HNO2 pathway to afford the aromatized pyrazolo[5,1‐a]isoquinolines. The present approach features the use of readily available amines and aldehydes as raw materials, switchable chemoselectivity, wide functional group tolerance such as nitro, halide, aryl, aroyl and sulfonyl group, and easy separation and purification. A combination of control experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations provided important insights into the possible mechanism.
High Output, Biocompatible, Fully Flexible Fiber‐Based Magneto‐Mechano‐Electric Generator for Standalone‐Powered Electronics
Authors: Ram Nayak , Pabba Durga Prasad , Kaarthik J. , Hwang Geon‐Tae , Vaduganathan Karthik , Venkateswarlu Annapureddy
Published: September 2024

Harvesting magnetic noise fields around power cables emerges as an attractive approach due to its potential as a renewable and ubiquitous energy source for powering wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in IoT applications, miniature electronics, and implantable medical devices. Flexible polymer‐based magneto‐mechano‐electric (MME) generators gain attention for their effectiveness in magnetic energy harvesting owing to their durability and flexibility. In this study, a lead‐free, flexible MME generator is developed by using Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)‐Aluminium nitride (AlN)‐nanofiber composites fabricated via electrospinning with different AlN compositions and integrated with a magnetostrictive Metglas layer that offers self‐bias characteristics. The MME generator is modeled using COMSOL Multiphysics to analyze the magnetic flux density distribution over the Metglas surface and the piezoelectric effect of the nanofiber composites, with the simulation results aligning well with the experimental data. The optimized, flexible MME generator, incorporating 15 wt.% of AlN in the PVDF/Metglas composite, achieves an open‐circuit voltage of 18.5 V and a power density of 0.93 mW‐cm−3 when exposed to an Alternating Current (AC) magnetic noise field of 6 Oe at a resonance frequency of 50 Hz. The generated power is sufficient to operate LEDs and sensor. This newly developed lead‐free, flexible MME generator shows significant promise for advanced applications in self‐powered WSNs.
Recent Progress of Transition Metal‐Based Oxide Composite Electrode Materials in Supercapacitor
Authors: Xiong Chuanyin , Su Yadong
Published: September 2024

As an electrochemical energy storage device with high power density, supercapacitors are favored by researchers. Transition metal‐based oxide materials have attracted extensive attention from researchers due to their high theoretical pseudocapacitance characteristics and are used to design and construct high‐performance composite electrode materials for supercapacitors. In this miniature review, the application and existing problems of several typical transition metal‐based oxide composites in the field of supercapacitors in recent years are summarized. Finally, the development trend of transition metal‐based oxide composites in the field of supercapacitors is prospected. The aim is to provide some timely and effective new ideas for the research work of researchers in related fields.
Regulating Cold Energy from the Universe by Bifunctional Phase Change Materials for Sustainable Cooling
Authors: Wang Siqi , Wu Minqiang , Han Han , Du Ruxue , Zhao Zhengchuang , Liu Wenjia , Wu Si , Wang Ruzhu , Li Tingxian
Published: September 2024

Harvesting cold energy from the universe by radiative cooling (RC) is a promising zero‐carbon route for green cooling. However, low power density and spatiotemporal energy mismatch of RC are great challenges for realizing efficient space cooling. Herein, a facile strategy for regulating cold energy from the universe by bifunctional phase change materials (PCM) for sustainable cooling is proposed. A bifunctional phase‐change composite film (PCCF) by integrating RC coating with PCM for 24‐h cold energy harvesting, storage, and utilization is demonstrated. The bifunctional PCCF can harvest cold energy from the universe and regulate the redundant cold energy generated by nighttime RC to compensate for the cold shortage of daytime RC, realizing flexible regulation of all‐day RC and setting new records of cooling power up to 180 W m−2 with sub‐ambient temperature drop of 11.95 °C. The work offers a promising strategy for zero‐carbon sustainable cooling by maximizing RC with cold energy storage.
High rate capability and ultra‐long cycling life: Electrochemical synthesis of PEDOT based electrode material doped with AMPS and its supercapacitor application
Authors: Yazar Sibel , Yilmaz Sıla Melahat , Atun Gülten
Published: September 2024

Poly(3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is a conducting polymer that can be used in flexible bioelectronic devices. The electrode/electrolyte interface interaction is one of the most important factors in improving the electrochemical performance of energy storage materials, and these polymers are often combined with a negatively charged poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) chain to improve their interaction with alkali metal cations such as sodium and potassium. In this work, we performed a one‐step electrochemical synthesis of PEDOT on carbon fabric using the molecule 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) to create highly effective materials for supercapacitor electrodes. The electrode had a significant increase in capacitance value, measured 16.4 times higher than that of the PEDOT electrode. The 2‐electrode system exhibited a specific capacitance value of 495.2 F g−1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1. It exhibited a high operating voltage of 2.3 V in aqueous electrolyte system. It showed a significant energy density of 109.0 Wh kg−1 when operating at 6.1 kW kg−1 power density and 85.2 Wh kg−1 when operating at 30.6 kW kg−1 power density. Recent findings reveal that the capacitance retention performance value of the device increased significantly to 113.9% after 25,000 cycles in 3.0 M NaCl aqueous electrolyte, demonstrating its outstanding long‐term durability. Thus, the creation of the synthesized supercapacitor electrode is a significant advance in the study of conducting polymers, which often have a limited lifetime in real‐world electronic applications.
Optimizing locally delivered periodontitis therapy: Development of chitosan‐hydroxyapatite‐encapsulated drug via electrospraying
Authors: Zhang Binpeng , Yan Shaofu , Zhang Yao , Wu Yunxia
Published: September 2024

This study presents the development of an optimized drug delivery system for periodontitis treatment utilizing chitosan‐hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. Employing the electrospraying technique, researchers encapsulated the antibiotic amoxicillin within chitosan‐hydroxyapatite composite matrices while varying the concentrations of chitosan and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. The resulting microparticles displayed sizes ranging from 276 to 386 μm. Characterization of the produced drug encapsulations indicated that higher concentrations of chitosan and hydroxyapatite resulted in the formation of larger particles with rougher surfaces, increased mechanical strength, and enhanced thermal stability. Notably, nanoindentation analysis revealed an increase in hardness from 0.21 to 0.35 GPa, and in elastic modulus from 5.32 to 8.72 GPa with escalating chitosan and hydroxyapatite content, meeting or surpassing requirements for load‐bearing regenerative biomaterials. In vitro drug release assessments exhibited sustained amoxicillin release over 24 h, predominantly through diffusion and dissolution mechanisms. Formulations with lower polymer and mineral content showcased elevated release rates, with the F1 encapsulation (0.5% chitosan, 0.2% HAP) achieving a cumulative release of 78.3 ± 3.2% in contrast to 65.1 ± 2.7% for the F5 formulation (2.5% chitosan, 1% HAP). These encapsulations selectively modulated the overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α, in gingival fibroblasts and osteoblasts without compromising cell viability. An artificial neural network (ANN) model accurately forecasted the material properties and biological performance of the formulations based on their compositional variations, yielding correlation coefficients exceeding 0.97. This computational platform offers a virtual screening tool for refining regenerative and drug delivery therapies. The developed chitosan‐hydroxyapatite microparticulate system demonstrates promising potential for prolonged treatment of periodontitis through controlled antibiotic delivery, improved mechanical properties, and targeted regulation of the inflammatory response.
Effectiveness of JAK Inhibitors Compared With Biologic Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs on Pain Reduction in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results From a Nationwide Swedish Cohort Study
Authors: Eberhard Anna , Di Giuseppe Daniela , Askling Johan , Bergman Stefan , Bower Hannah , Chatzidionysiou Katerina , Forsblad‐d'Elia Helena , Kastbom Alf , Olofsson Tor , Frisell Thomas , Turesson Carl
Published: September 2024

Objective

To compare the effectiveness of JAK inhibitors (JAKis) and biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) on pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we investigated patients with a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, starting treatment with a JAKi (n = 1,827), a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi; n = 6,422), an interleukin‐6 inhibitor (n = 887), abatacept (n = 1,102), or rituximab (n = 1,149) in 2017 to 2019, using data from several linked Swedish national registers. Differences in change in pain, assessed with a visual analogue scale (0–100 mm), from baseline to 3 months, as well as proportions of patients remaining on initial treatment with low pain (visual analogue scale pain <20) at 12 months, were compared between treatments. Comparisons of treatment responses between JAKis and bDMARDs were evaluated using multivariable linear regression, adjusted for patient characteristics, comorbidities, current comedication, and previous treatment.

Results

JAKi treatment was associated with a greater decrease in pain at 3 months compared with TNFi treatment (adjusted mean additional decrease 4.0 mm; 95% confidence interval 1.6–6.3), with similar trends in comparisons with non‐TNFi bDMARDs. More patients achieved low pain at 12 months on JAKis compared with TNFis, in particular among those previously treated with at least two bDMARDs (adjusted change contrast 5.3 percentage points; 95% confidence interval 1.0–9.6).

Conclusion

JAKis had a slightly better effect on pain outcomes at 3 and 12 months compared with TNFis, with significantly greater differences in patients previously treated with at least two bDMARDs. The effect of JAKis on pain reduction was at least similar to that of non‐TNFi bDMARDs.
A shifting climate: New paradigms and challenges for (early career) scientists in extreme weather research
Authors: Kretschmer Marlene , Jézéquel Aglaé , Labe Zachary M. , Touma Danielle
Published: September 2024

Research on weather and climate extremes has become integral to climate science due to their increasing societal relevance and impacts in the context of anthropogenic climate change. In this perspective we examine recent changes and evolving paradigms in the study of extreme events, emphasizing the increasingly interdisciplinary nature of research and their societal implications. We discuss the importance of understanding the physical basis of extreme events and its linkages to climate impacts, highlighting the need for collaboration across multiple disciplines. Furthermore, we explore the challenge of big climate data analysis and the application of novel statistical methods, such as machine learning, in enhancing our understanding of extreme events. Additionally, we address the engagement with different stakeholder groups and the evolving landscape of climate services and private‐sector involvement. We conclude with reflections on the risks and opportunities for early career researchers in navigating these interdisciplinary and societal demands, stressing the importance of meaningful scientific engagement, and removing barriers to inclusivity and collaboration in climate research.
Short‐Term Tests, Long‐Term Predictions – Accelerating Ageing Characterisation of Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Paarmann Sabine , Schreiber Markus , Chahbaz Ahmed , Hildenbrand Felix , Stahl Gereon , Rogge Marcel , Dechent Philipp , Queisser Oliver , Frankl Sebastian Dominic , Morales Torricos Pablo , Lu Yao , Nikolov Nikolay I. , Kateri Maria , Sauer Dirk Uwe , Danzer Michael A. , Wetzel Thomas , Endisch Christian , Lienkamp Markus , Jossen Andreas , Lewerenz Meinert
Published: September 2024

For the battery industry, quick determination of the ageing behaviour of lithium‐ion batteries is important both for the evaluation of existing designs as well as for R&D on future technologies. However, the target battery lifetime is 8–10 years, which implies low ageing rates that lead to an unacceptably long ageing test duration under real operation conditions. Therefore, ageing characterisation tests need to be accelerated to obtain ageing patterns in a period ranging from a few weeks to a few months. Known strategies, such as increasing the severity of stress factors, for example, temperature, current, and taking measurements with particularly high precision, need care in application to achieve meaningful results. We observe that this challenge does not receive enough attention in typical ageing studies. Therefore, this review introduces the definition and challenge of accelerated ageing along existing methods to accelerate the characterisation of battery ageing and lifetime modelling. We systematically discuss approaches along the existing literature. In this context, several test conditions and feasible acceleration strategies are highlighted, and the underlying modelling and statistical perspective is provided. This makes the review valuable for all who set up ageing tests, interpret ageing data, or rely on ageing data to predict battery lifetime.
Product portfolio decarbonization: Deleting hot products for a cooler supply chain
Authors: Bai Chunguang , Ma Xiaoyu , Zhu Qingyun
Published: September 2024

Modern economic development emphasizes the reduction of carbon emissions. In rationalizing product portfolios, organizations must prioritize low‐carbon development by selecting products with minimal emissions. Eliminating high‐emission items can create opportunities for new low‐carbon products, thereby enhancing competitiveness. In this study, we propose a hybrid mixed method that integrates text mining and multi‐objective optimization algorithms, utilizing a broad range of quantitative and qualitative data sources, including online consumer reviews. We apply this method to a real case in the Chinese air‐conditioning industry for practical validation. The results indicate that for comprehensive product portfolio decarbonization, organizations should consider deleting high‐performing products (e.g., those with strong sales and market performance) to achieve full decarbonization across the entire supply chain. This approach offers valuable insights for managers aiming to simultaneously improve economic and environmental performance.
Data‐driven control and a prey–predator model for sourcing decisions in the low‐carbon intertwined supply chain
Authors: El Harraki Imad , Abedin Mohammad Zoynul , Belhadi Amine , Kamble Sachin , Zkik Karim , Oudani Mustapha
Published: September 2024

This paper addresses the challenges of low‐carbon sourcing in intertwined supply chains by proposing a data‐driven control framework and a prey–predator model for sourcing decisions. The objective is to optimize low‐carbon objectives and reduce environmental impact. Existing static models fail to capture the dynamic nature of supply chain systems and overlook the ripple effects when sourcing decisions propagate throughout the interconnected network. To bridge this gap, our study develops a dynamic model that explicitly captures the bullwhip effect and leverages real‐time and historical data. This model conceptualizes suppliers as prey and manufacturers and consumers as predators, employing an ecological analogy to decipher the intricate interactions and dependencies within the supply chain. Through this approach, we identify strategies to promote sustainable practices and motivate suppliers to adopt low‐carbon measures. We assess two data‐driven algorithms, the nonlinear auto‐regressive exogenous (NARX) network and sparse identification of nonlinear dynamic systems with input variables (SINDYc). The results reveal that SINDYc outperforms prediction accuracy and control, offering significant advantages for rapid decision‐making. The study highlights how shifts in market demands and regulatory pressures critically influence the strategies of chemical firms and fertilizer markets. Moreover, it discusses the economic challenges in transitioning from high carbon footprint suppliers (HCFSs) to low carbon footprint suppliers (LCFSs), exacerbated by a notable cost disparity where HCFSs are approximately 30% cheaper. By advancing beyond conventional static models, this research provides a deeper understanding of the environmental impacts and operational dynamics within supply chains, emphasizing the significant “ripple effect” where decisions at one node profoundly affect others within the chain.
Ameliorative Potential of Sudachitin Against Paraquat Induced Renal Toxicity in Rats Via Regulating Nrf2/Keap1 Pathway: An Inflammatory, Apoptotic and Histopathological Assessment
Authors: Faisal Hayat Muhammad , Bibi Marrium , Batool Moazama , Eman Rimsha , Hamdi Hamida , Umar Ijaz Muhammad
Published: September 2024

Paraquat (PQ) is a noxious herbicide which is well known for its adverse effects on vital organs including kidneys. Sudachitin (SCN) is a plant derived flavone that is obtained from Citrus sudachi and demonstrates a range of pharmacological potentials. This investigation was executed to assess the protective effects of SCN to counteract PQ instigated renal damage in albino rats (Rattus norvegicus). Twenty‐four rats were apportioned in 4 different groups i. e., control group, PQ (5 mg/kg) intoxicated group, PQ (5 mg/kg)+SCN (20 mg/kg) cotreated group and SCN (20 mg/kg) only administrated group. Our findings revealed that exposure to PQ reduced the expressions of Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2) and its cytoprotective genes while escalating the expression of keap1. Furthermore, PQ intoxication reduced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GSR), heme‐oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) and glutathione (GSH) contents while increasing the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, PQ exposure significantly increased the levels of neutrophil gelatinous‐associated lipocalin (NGAL), urea, kidney injury molecule‐1(KIM‐1) as well as creatine while reducing creatine clearance. Additionally, PQ upregulated the levels of inflammatory markers including interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis‐ α (TNF‐ α), nuclear factor‐ κB (NF‐κB), interleukin 1beta (IL‐1β), and cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 (COX‐2). Moreover, PQ administration upregulated the expression of Bax (Bcl‐2–associated X protein) and (cysteine–aspartic acid protease) Caspase‐3 while downregulating the expressions of (B‐cell lymphoma 2 protein) Bcl‐2. Besides, PQ exposure prompted various histopathological damages in renal tissues. Nonetheless, SCN substantially restored aforementioned alterations in the renal tissues owing to its anti‐oxidative, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐apoptotic potential.
Chemical and Biological Prospection of Marine Sponges Belonging to the Class Demospongiae: A Review
Authors: de Oliveira Souza Geane Gabriele , Gonçalves Castro José Walber , Nascimento Lariza Leisla Leandro , Pereira da Silva Mariana , Ferreira Viturino José Jonas , Inácio da Silva Maria , do Nascimento Joice Barbosa , Janaine Camilo Cicera , Martins da Costa José Galberto
Published: September 2024

Marine sponges belonging to the class Demospongiae have shown to be promising sources of bioactive compounds. This review aimed to compile studies on the biological activities and chemical components of sponge species from this class, highlighting the structure/activity relationship. Data collection was conducted using the Science Direct, PubMed, Scielo, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases, employing the following descriptors: antimicrobial marine sponges, antioxidant marine sponges, and biological activity of marine sponges. The inclusion criteria were: (1) publications from the year 2022 onwards; (2) written in English or Portuguese; and (3) that evaluated biological activities. Exclusion criteria included: (1) duplicate studies; (2) studies that were not within the scope; and (3) studies that did not evaluate biological activities. As a result of this survey, it was possible to isolate and identify 262 compounds from different metabolic classes, with terpenes, lipids, and alkaloids being highlighted. The extracts, fractions, and isolates were investigated for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, and cytotoxic properties. The sponges demonstrated broad‐spectrum antimicrobial potential and cytotoxic potential against various cancer cell lines. Based on data analysis, it is concluded that the studied compounds show promise for the development of drugs for microorganism control and cancer treatment, acting through different mechanisms of action.
Amyloid‐like Aggregation Propensities of Metabolites‐ Homogentisic Acid, N‐Acetyl Aspartic Acid and Isovaleric Acid
Authors: Dave Raj , Jaiswal Ankita , Naseer Anam , Tripathi Ankita , Patel Monisha , Revi Neeraja , Rengan Aravind Kumar , Dutta Dubey Kshatresh , Nazir Aamir , Verma Sandeep , Gour Nidhi
Published: September 2024

The transformation of metabolites into amyloidogenic aggregates represent an intriguing dimension in the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders, including alkaptonuria, canavan disease, and isovaleric acidemia. Central to this phenomenon are the metabolites homogentisic acid (HA), N‐acetyl aspartic acid (NAA), and isovaleric acid (IVA), which we found, weave an intricate network of self‐assembled structures. Leveraging an array of microscopy techniques, we traced the morphological behavior of these assemblies that exhibit concentration and time‐dependent morphological transitions from isolated globules to clustered aggregates. MD simulation studies suggest significant role of hydrogen bonding interactions in the aggregation process. While displaying strong amyloidogenic propensity in solution, these aged aggregates were significantly cytotoxic to mouse neural N2a cell lines. In vivo effect in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) nematode further validated cytotoxicity of aggregates. Our findings provide fresh insights to amyloidogenic nature of HA, NAA, and IVA aggregates and their possible role in associated metabolic disorders such as alkaptonuria, canavan disease and isovaleric acidemia.
Ene‐Reductase‐Catalyzed Oxidation Reactions
Authors: van Hengst Jacob M.A. , Wolder Allison E. , Sánchez Marisa , Huijbers Mieke M. E. , Opperman Diederik J. , Gilles Pierre , Martin Juliette , Hilberath Thomas , Hollmann Frank , Paul Caroline E.
Published: September 2024

Ene‐reductases from the old yellow enzyme (OYE) family have been traditionally employed in the reduction of conjugated C═C double bonds. This study explores the underutilized oxidative potential of OYEs, demonstrating their capability to catalyze the enantioselective desaturation of carbonyl compounds. Utilizing a deprotonated tyrosine residue as a catalytic base, we developed a method to enable OYE‐catalyzed desaturation at ambient temperature and alkaline pH without the need for high‐temperature conditions. Through screening of various OYE enzymes, we identified several candidates from different genera with enhanced desaturase activity across different substrates. This work broadens the scope of biocatalytic applications for OYEs, introducing a novel approach to the synthesis of chiral α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds.
Infusing antiracism into counselor education: A model for CACREP Programs
Authors: Jangha Awa G. , Reyna Maria , David Gena St. , Ramirez Stephanie , Johnson Marlon , Barcenas Gustavo
Published: September 2024

Although research applying antiracist frameworks to a variety of disciplines has multiplied, best practices for the application of antiracist principles to counselor education have yet to be established. This article outlines one program's steps to dismantle racism throughout curriculum and andragogy. Outcomes and lessons learned are offered as recommendations for programs seeking to infuse antiracism throughout counselor training.
Toward machine learning based decision support for pre‐grouting in hard rock
Authors: Rongved Ida , Hansen Tom F. , Erharter Georg H.
Published: September 2024

Pre‐grouting in hard rock tunneling is crucial for mitigating water ingress, significantly affecting project time and cost. Predicting pre‐grouting requirements is challenging and relies heavily on the expertise of on‐site personnel for decision‐making. This paper explores using supervised machine learning (ML) to create a data‐driven pre‐grouting decision process, aiming to predict “grouting time” and “total grout take.” Tree‐based regression models were developed using data from a Norwegian railway project, including typical tunneling data. These models showed limited predictive performance, with R2 scores of 0.40, though a significant relationship was observed. The limited performance highlights the need to identify parameters that significantly impact grouting outcomes rather than indicating the unsuitability of tree‐based models. Future research should consider a larger data set and additional parameters, such as more data on rock mass quality, hydrogeological conditions ahead of the face, and human, organizational, and contractual factors. Despite initial findings, supervised ML shows promise in enhancing data‐driven decision‐making in pre‐grouting by using appropriate input features and target variables.