bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical Screening, In-vitro Anti-oxidant Activity and Gas Chromatography–Mass spectrometry Analysis of Methanolic Extracts of Smilax perfoliata and Breynia retusa
Authors: Begum Mariyam , Narasimha Kanjarla
Published: July 2024

The present studies focus on identification of bioactive compounds from methanolic extraction of Smilax perfoliata and Breynia retusa by GC–MS analysis and also evaluated the phytochemical constituents present in S. perfoliata and B. retusa methanolic extraction. In-vitro antioxidant activity (hydroxyl radaical scavenging activity, determination of reducing power, metal chelating activity, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced lipid peroxidation, inhibitory test on protein oxidative modification, lipid peroxidation assay, catalase assay and reduced glutathione assay) was evaluated by adopting different methods. Phytochemical screening of the methanolic extraction of S. perfoliata and B. retusa revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, tannins, saponins, amino acids, proteins, steroids and carbohydrates gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the methanol extract of S. perfoliata has shown the presence of different bio active compounds. A total of 24 compounds were identified in methanolic extract composition S. perfoliata showed bio active compounds like propanimidamide, N-(1-chloro-1-propenyl)-, monohydrochloride, 5-bromo-8-(5-nitrosalicylideneamino) quinoline hydrochloride, nitrogen fluoride (N2F2), (Z)-20 1.426, 2,4,6-cycloheptatrien-1-one, hexahydro-isobenzofuran-1-one, ethene, 1-(2-methoxy-,3,5-dibromophenyl)-2-nitro- was found. And B. retusa showed bio active compounds like acetyl bromide, N, N’-ethylenebis (N-nitroacetamide), 2-propanone, 1,1-dichloro-, N,N’-ethylenebis(N-nitroacetamide), 2-propanone, 1,1-dichloro-methane, chlorotrinitro- was found. These compounds are responsible for the different therapeutic and pharmacological properties. Methanolic extraction of S. perfoliata and B. retusa possesses antioxidant activity.
Formulation and In-vivo Evaluation of Dasatinib-loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
Authors: KHAN BAJI HUSSAIN , SANDHYA PAMU
Published: July 2024

The current research is aimed at formulation and in-vivo evaluation of dasatinib solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for enhanced solubility and bioavailability. A 33 Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimize the formulations in which amount of glycerol monosterate(X1) the amount of poloxamer 407 (X2) and amount of tyloxopol (X3) were chosen as independent variables while particle size, entrapment efficiency and drug release after 12 hours were chosen as dependent variables. About 17 SLN formulations of dasatinib were prepared using glyceryl monostearate, poloxamer 407, Tyloxopol and Tween 80 and optimised using desirability function. All the SLNs were evaluated for fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and drug release behavior were investigated. The in-vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation of opimised SLN was carried out in rats. Based on BBD and desirability function the formulation comprising of X1:10, X2:06 and X3:02 was chosen optimal. The model was proven to be validated since a fine agreement existed between the predicted and observed results. It can be seen that the experimental values were in very close agreement with the predicted values, indicating the success of the BBD combined with a desirability function for the evaluation and optimization of SLNs formulations. The formulation DF10 displayed a mean particle size of 112 nm with PI of 0.40 and zeta potential of −25.6 mV.The in-vitro release studies showed that more than 98.78% of drug was released from optimized SLN after 12 hours, which is higher when compared with marketed formulation. The release kinetics of the optimized formulation followed zero order drug release and best fitted the Korsemeyer-peppas model. At any time, point, the drug plasma concentrations in animals administrated with optimized SLN was higher than that of pure drug. Cmax of the dasatinib optimised SLN 158.26 ± 0.54 ng/mL was significant (p < 0.05) as compared to the pure drug suspension formulation 32.08 ± 0.21 ng/mL. Tmax of both optimised SLN formulation and pure drug was 1.0 ± 0.47 and 1.0 ± 0.04 hour, respectively AUC0-∞ infinity for dasatinib optimised SLN formulation was higher (702.23 ± 1.26 ng.h/mL) than the pure drug suspension 191.67 ± 1.27 ng.h/mL. Statistically, AUC0-t of the optimised SLN formulation was significantly higher (p < 0.05) as compared to pure drug suspension formulation. These results indicated that the dasatinib-loaded SLN formulation could potentially be exploited for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia with controlled release manner.
Metabolite Profiling, In-vitro Anticancer Activity of Jatropha heynei Followed by Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Gowdru Ashoka B. , Manchanahally Shivanna B.
Published: July 2024

Jatropha heynei of family Euphorbiaceae is an endemic herb with ethno-medicinal values. The present study investigates the phytochemical profiling, in-vitro anticancer activity against Dalton’s lymphoma ascites (DLA) and ehrlich’s ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell lines and in-silico molecular docking analysis of isolated chemicals of J. heynei tuber ethanolic extract. High resolution liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer (HR-LCMS) analysis of ethanolic tuber extract revealed the presence of 19 prominent phytochemical compounds. Six compounds meptazinol, 8-amino-7-oxononanoate, dihydrodeoxystreptomycin, albendazol (II), hydroxytinidazole, azoprocarbazine were present in high quantity, of which azoprocarbazine was shown with anticancer activity. There were several compounds with a number of other therapeutic properties. The ethanolic extract of J. heynei tuber showed significant in-vitro cytotoxic activity against DLA (IC50=64.14 μg mL-1) and EAC (IC50=71.42 μg mL-1) cancer cell lines, almost comparable to the value of standard curcumin (IC50=54.36 μg mL-1). Molecular docking and in-silico analysis of the compounds such as azoprocarbazine, ecgonine and meptazinol displayed strong interactions with the anticancer target proteins such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tyrosine kinase (TK), and matrix metalloproteins (MMP) when compared with their respective drug inhibitors pazopanib, imatinib and batimastat. Compounds with wide range of biological activities suggested that J. heynei could be exploited for formulating new drugs in the treatment of several diseases and disorders.
Comparative Analysis of Antibacterial Activity of Banana Peel at Different Stages of Ripening
Authors: Anjum Shadma , Sundaram Shanthy
Published: July 2024

The present study investigated the phenolic compounds like tannin and flavonoids that provide banana peel extracts their antibacterial properties against bacterial pathogens, i.e., Enterobacter. aerogenes, Pseudomonas. aeruginosa, Salmonella. typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis by using HPLC (High-performance liquid chromatography). The pathogenic bacteria affect skin (S. aureus), soft tissues, gastrointestinal tract (P. aeruginosa) and urinary tract (E. aerogenes) etc. Banana (Musa paradisica) peels at different stages of ripening (unripe, ripe, leaky ripe) were treated sequentially with 70% acetone, which was partitioned in order of polarity with water, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and hexane. Textural properties of fruit peel were determined by texture analyzer. The antibacterial activity of the samples was evaluated by the agar cup diffusion method, and inhibitory concentrations were measured by the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) method. The approach of formulating new drugs through natural sources has proved to be the most successful strategy. Many active metabolic products with biological significance are obtained from them. The findings of the present investigation suggested that the unripe banana peel sample had higher antibacterial activity than the ripe and leaky ripe (over-ripe). Higher MIC were obtained with water fractionate and 70% acetone extracts of banana peel against gram-negative bacteria, E. aerogenes and P. aeruginosa. Water fractionate has the highest inhibitory activity against gram-negative bacteria (E. aerogenes and P. aeruginosa) compared to gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus and B. subtilis). The ethyl acetate, chloroform and hexane fractionate of unripe, ripe and leaky ripe banana peels do not exhibit antibacterial activity. The highest concentration of tannin in unripe banana peels is one of the responsible phenolic components for its antibacterial activity. While certain flavonoids also exhibit antibacterial activity in banana peel, as the ripening proceeds. The present study discusses the essential information on banana peel, including its varieties, effect of ripening, solvent condition, pharmacological actions, and relevance in pharmaceutical industries. Banana peels, like tannin and flavonoid, exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties against all tested bacterial strains. Most of the compounds are polar in nature and water gives optimum conditions for extraction of these compounds from banana peel. It has the potential to be a nutraceutical preparation alternative and is beneficial to the pharmaceutical sector by providing the alternative of chemically synthesized drugs.
Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking and In-vitro Antimalarial Activity of 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline Substituted Analogues
Authors: MANDLOI NILESH , Deshmukh Nitin , Patidar Bhoopendra , Pillai Sujit
Published: July 2024

In present work new series of 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline analogs were designed to discover chemically diverse antimalarial leads. The widely used computational tool molecular docking is applied to study molecular recognition, which aims to predict analogs’ binding mode and binding affinity to the active site. The potential binding of the selected analogs to the Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase enzyme (PfLDH) active site was analyzed using SYBYL X2.0 software running on a core-2 duo Intel processor workstation. Compounds F5, F9 and F1 showed highest binding affinity in term of total scores 9.50, 7.86 and 7.01, respectively. Analogs with the best dock score were synthesized and evaluated for antimalarial potential against chloroquine sensitive RKL-2 strain. Compounds F5, F28 and F9 showed good antimalarial activity in term of MIC50 value 0.35, 0.45 and 0.56 μg/mL, respectively. Further optimization and exploration of 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline lead could be useful to identify novel, antimalarial molecules.
Forced Degradation Studies on Trandolapril and Development of a Stability-indicating related Substances High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method in Presence of its Degradation Compounds
Authors: Chavan Rajendra S. , Thakur Ajay , Ullah Qasim , Yameen Sabreena , Arif Pathan Mohd
Published: July 2024

In present studies high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for trandolapril is developed and subsequently validated. The method utilizes an Xterra MS C18 column at 35°C temperature, gradient elution with aqueous potassium dihydrogen phosphate having pH-3.0 by orthophosphoric acid and combination with acetonitrile as the mobile phase. We are reporting here simultaneously the separation of all related impurities and degradation products of trandolapril formed under different stress conditions as per ICH Q1A (R2) guideline. Trandolapril showed labile behavior in acidic, basic and oxidative stress conditions. The developed method was extensively validated and proved to be robust. The developed method has shown excellent linearity over the range from 0.10 to 3.0 μg/mL. The correlation coefficient(r) is 0.999. The % recovery value of trandolapril and their two impurities ranged from 97.98 to 100.55%, respectively.
Therapeutic Effect of a Polyherbal Unani formulation in Sayalan al-Rahim (Abnormal vaginal discharge) - A clinical study
Authors: BASRI RABIA , Begum Wajeeha , Ansari Md Zakir
Published: July 2024

Sayalan al-Rahim (abnormal vaginal discharge) is one of the very common female complaints encountered in daily practice. It is an important public health problem in India and can occur mostly due to sexually and non-sexually transmitted infections. A clinical trial was conducted in the Department of Ilmul Qabalat wa Amraze Niswan, NIUM, Bengaluru. 30 patients of Sayalan al-Rahim were included in the study after obtaining their informed consents. All the patients were clinically assessed and diagnosed on the basis of thorough history, presence of abnormal vaginal discharge and other associated symptoms. Then, polyherbal Unani formulation was administered orally 5 gm twice daily with water from 5th day of menses for 21 days. The severity of disease and efficacy of treatment was assessed on the basis of subjective and objective parameters. Clinical improvement of 70% in Sayalan al-Rahim was observed. Mean ± SD of vaginal discharge before and after treatment was 2.87 ± 0.35 and 0.37 ± 0.61, VSS scale before and after treatment was 23.53 ± 3.49 and 10.33 ± 4.05 and VAS scale for LBA and LAP before and after treatment were 6.37 ± 2.36 to 2.37 ± 1.87 and 2.43 ± 1.96 to 0.03 ± 0.18, respectively with p=< 0.001** considered strongly significant. Polyherbal unani formulation was found safe and effective in improving the sign and symptoms of Sayalan al-Rahim. It was concluded that polyherbal Unani formulation can be used safely and effectively for the treatment of Sayalan al-Rahim.
Evaluation of Anti-Urolithiatic activity of Bougainvillea spectabilis Wild. Against Sodium Oxalate-Induced nephrolithiasis in rats
Authors: DAS PRABHAT KUMAR , VAGHELA JAI SINGH
Published: July 2024

As there is no effective treatment for kidney stones, the development and progression of renal calculi continue to be a cause for concern despite developments in contemporary medicine. In the current study, the anti-urolithiasis activity of Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. against sodium oxalate (NaOx)-induced urolithiasis in rats was studied. Leaves of B. spectabilis were extracted with various solvents, i.e., petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water. Albino wistar male rats were divided into five groups of six animals each. All groups except the positive control were treated intraperitoneally with sodium oxalate (70 mg/kg) for 10 days. Treatment with the standard drug cystone (5 mL/kg), ethanol, and aqueous extracts (200 mg/kg) was given to the respective groups for 10 days of study. On the 10th day, serum creatinine, calcium, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, urine calcium, oxalate, and uric acid levels were estimated, along with urine microscopy to confirm crystals. Kidneys were isolated and used for histopathological studies. The results suggested that the  administration of B. spectabilis to rats with sodium oxalate-induced lithiasis reduced and prevented the formation of urinary stones. Also, the treatment of lithiasis-induced rats with the toxic control drug and extracts of B. spectabilis restored all the elevated urine and serum biochemical parameters, including creatinine, calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen, and significantly increased the urine volume. The histopathology showed depositions of a large number of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidney in the calculi-induced group with enlargement of glomeruli and necrosis of tubules, while in the standard and extract-treated groups, small and fewer deposits were seen with the recovered architecture of the kidney tubules. The result indicates the anti-urolithiasis activity of B. spectabilis mediated possibly by the presence of flavonoids, calcium oxalate crystal inhibitors, and antioxidant properties which maintain the balance between stone promoters and inhibitors constituents and this study rationalized its medicinal use in urolithiasis.
Development and Characterization of Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles for Colon Cancer Treatment
Authors: Jain Dolly , Chumbhale Deshraj , Jain Neetesh K. , Prajapati Shiv Kumar
Published: July 2024

The current study aimed to assess the cytotoxic potential of doxorubicin (DOX) loaded nanoparticles (NPs) for effective colon cancer targeting. Poly-caprolactone (PCL) was used to make the NPs, and PCL was then conjugated with hyaluronic acid (HA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) (HA-PEG-PCL NPs). The developed NPs were used to encapsulate the DOX, which was then tested for stability, in-vitro drug release, cell viability, and entrapment effectiveness. The NPs were manufactured with care, and TEM examinations showed that they were spherical. Zeta potential measurements for HA-PEG-PCL and PCL NPs were 16.4±0.84 mV, -4.9±0.3, and PDI 0.648 and 0.553, respectively, for both formulations. HA-PEG-PCL NPs and PCL NPs were found to have particle sizes of 267±0.5 nm and 142±1.5 nm, respectively. The NPs made using HA-PEG-PCL copolymers demonstrated their ability to continue the release of DOX. While DOX-HA-PEG-PCL NPs released 93.1±2.4% of DOX in 96 hrs, DOX-PCL NPs released nearly 100% of the medication in the same time frame. When the stability was assessed in terms of particle size and %EE, it was discovered that the NPs formulations were more stable at 4±2°C and then 28±2°C. Because HA binds to the overexpressed CD44 receptors on HT-29 cells, the DOX-HA-PEG-PCL NPs demonstrated noticeably more cytotoxicity as a result of better formulation internalization. The controlled drug release behaviour of the proposed nanotechnology showed their potential for colon cancer cell lines.
Characterization of Degradation Products of Guanfacine Hydrochloride API: Development and Validation of a Stability-indicating Reversed Phase UHPLC Method
Authors: Kumar Ajay , CHALANNAVAR RAJU KRISHNA
Published: July 2024

Guanfacine Hydrochloride API was subjected to forced degradation studies under various conditions of hydrolysis (acidic, alkaline, and neutral/water), oxidation, photolysis, and thermal. A short and simple, reverse phase UHPLC method was developed on a Shimadzu, Shimpack GIST, C18, (100 × 2.1) mm, 3.0 μm column. The gradient method consisted of 0.1% orthophosphoric acid as mobile phase A and acetonitrile as mobile phase B. The flow rate of the mobile phase was 0.3 mL/min. The method was validated using ICH guidelines considering the parameters solution stability, specificity, DL/QL, linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness. The drug was found highly sensitive to alkaline conditions and showed significant degradation. The drug was found sensitive to acidic degradation conditions. Slight degradation was observed in oxidative and water conditions. The drug was found to be stable in thermal and photolytic conditions. The mass compatible UHPLC method was prepared by simply substituting the orthophosphoric acid with formic acid in the mobile phase. Characterization of two major degradation products (DPs) was done. DP1 was characterized with LC–Q-TOF-MS/MS in combination with accurate mass measurements. DP2 was isolated and characterized with NMR, IR and HRMS spectroscopic techniques. The mechanisms of the formation of DPs were proposed.
Formulation and Evaluation of Liquid based Supersaturable Selfnanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Manidipine
Authors: VISWAJA MEDIPALLI , BHIKSHAPATHI D.V.R.N. , SADASIVAM RUBESH KUMAR , GOJE ARJUN , CHERUKU SHANKAR
Published: July 2024

The aim of current research is to develop a liquid supersaturable self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SNEDDS) of manidipine for enhancing the solubility and dissolution rate. Cithrol GMS – Cerex ELS250 – Propylene Glycol laurate are chosen based on the maximum solubility of manidipine and were used to construct ternary phase diagrams with Smix in 3:1 ratio and 20 mg drug loading was done and evaluated for entrapment efficiency, drug content and in-vitro drug release. To choose a precipitation inhibitor, in-vitro precipitation studies were carried out, and supersaturable SNEDDS were made the prepared formulations were evaluated and final optimised one is characterised for FTIR, SEM, globule size, zetapotential and stability studies. Out of all formulation F14 exhibited good results with highest drug content of 98.45±1.39% and entrapment efficiency of 98.91±1.70 % and drug release of 98.21% in 60min. F14 with PVP K17 (2%) precipitation inhibitor (SF14) exhibited drug content of 99.05% and entrapment efficiency was 99.75% which was almost >1% higher when compared to manidipine SNEDDS (F14). Manidipine S-SNEDDS (SF14) had the maximum drug release (99.85%) in 60min. SF14 S-SNEDDS had a mean globule size of 162.3 nm and zeta potential (mean) values ranged between -13.1 mV. The FT-IR, SEM and stability studies confirmed the complexation of manidipine and amorphous state of the drug and formulation to be stable for 3 months. Thus, this study indicated that the solid SNEDDS could be used as a potential drug carrier for manidipine with improved solubility and dissolution rate.
Evaluation of Anti-anemic Effect of Anthocyanin Rich Oryza sativa L. indica (Black Rice) Seeds Extract
Authors: Gamit Zeel , DESAI TANVI , Patel Binal
Published: July 2024

Oryza sativa L. indica (black rice) has a rich cultural history and used as a tribute food. As the outer layer of seeds contains anthocyanin, O. sativa L. indica is black. Traditionally the plant used to enhance heart health, reduces the risk of atherosclerosis, diabetes as well as allergy, control hypertension, and improves the digestive system and lipid profile. It has anti-inflammatory action, detoxifies the body, decreases cancer growth, supports in weight management, and improve memory and quality of life. Here, the methanolic extract of black rice (BRME) was evaluated for its anti-anemic effect. In study anemia was induced by administering 40 mg/kg phenylhydrazine (PHZ) for two consecutive days in rats. From day 3, animals were treated with standard drug and BRME extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg) till 15 days. The anti-anemic activity was examined by estimating different parameters like hemoglobin, red blood cell, hematocrit, reticulocytes, aspartate amino transaminase activity, alanine amino transaminase and alkaline phosphatase. The results of the phytochemical test revealed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, amino acid, and triterpenoids. Methanolic extract of black rice also restored the hematological parameter and biochemical parameters values near to normal levels after 13 days of treatment at 200 and 400 mg/kg. The 400 mg/kg dose shows higher anti-anemic effect compared to the lower 200 mg/kg dose. From the result, it is concluded that O. sativa L. indica is a valuable source of active compounds with anti-anemic properties and can be used to treat anemia.
Development and Characterization of Salicylic Acid Film Forming Gel for the Treatment of Hyperkeratotic and Scaling Disorders
Authors: Kausdikar Rajashri Namdev , Kondawar Manish S.
Published: July 2024

Skin problems known as hyperkeratotic diseases are characterized by red, dry, cracked, and scaling skin, and they can be treated by using salicylic acid through topical application. The purpose of this study is to create and characterize a salicylic acid film-forming of hydrophilic polymers for the treatment of hyperkeratotic and scaling disorders that have wipe-off resistance, longer retention at the treatment site and is simple to spread and apply to the skin in to overcome the disadvantages of conventional topical formulation. The film-forming gel is prepared with HPMC E15, Carbopol 934, propylene glycol, water, ethanol, and the drug. It is then optimized using 22 factorial designs and is characterized by its physical characteristics, pH level, spreadability, drug content, rheological study, in vitro drug release, drying time, mechanical properties of the film, and other factors. Salicylic acid film-forming gel stability, skin irritancy, ex-vivo permeation, and skin retention were also investigated. For certain tests, every formulation produces the expected results. The optimization analysis found that viscosity increases and drug release decrease when HPMC E15 and Carbopol 934 concentrations rise. The improved formulation had a viscosity of 47.6 ± 1.23 cp and a 90.23 ± 2.01% drug release. It is concluded that salicylic acid film-forming gel is efficiently produced with hydrophilic polymers and creates thin, protective, emollient, and water-soluble film to treat hyperkeratotic and scaling diseases.
Role of Bougainvillea glabra Stem Extract on Paracetamol and Alcohol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Manjunath Lakshminarayana , Jogpal Vikas
Published: July 2024

The current study investigates the in-vivo hepatoprotective effectiveness of Bougainvillea glabra stem extract against alcohol and paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in animal models. The alterations in liver enzymes including serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin are studied in rats given B. glabra extract with paracetamol or alcohol to produce hepatotoxicity. The levels of glutathione and lipid peroxidation were also examined, and the outcomes were contrasted with silymarin as the reference. The acute toxicity studies presented the plant extract under category 5 of GHS system, which further motivated the studies for hepatoprotective activity. The induction of hepatotoxicity was confirmed with the elevated levels of serum and tissue biochemical by the administration of paracetamol and alcohol. Under paracetamol as a hepatotoxin, the animals with 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o demonstrated near figures for SGPT and SGOT of the group treated with silymarin with significance. The results were still more appreciative under alcohol as a hepatotoxin. In both cases, the group with 400 mg/kg p.o gave a promising result with the reduced inflammatory cells under histopathological studies.
Characterization, Antimicrobial and anticancer activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using Garcinia gummi-gutta (L.) Robs. leaf extracts
Authors: Dias Cynthia M. , NAIR ATHIRA R K , Joseph Elsam
Published: July 2024

Garcinia gummi-gutta is commercially an important plant as its leaves and fruits contain valuable chemical components and are used for various ailments and treatments. Even though, there are minimum reports that have been seen in their exploration of this plant in the field of nanotechnology. So the present study deals with the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from the aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of G. gummi-gutta and screening its antimicrobial and anticancer properties. Green synthesized silver nanoparticles was characterized by UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. In UV-vis spectroscopy, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectrum of silver nanoparticles produced prominent peaks at 365 and 363 nm in aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of G. gummi-gutta, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and XRD studies showed that the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from aqueous and ethanol extracts of G. gummi-gutta leaves are spherical and crystalline in nature with an average size of 25 and 23 nm. FTIR spectroscopy reveals that the functional groups are responsible for the synthesis and stabilization of silver nanoparticles. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from both plant extracts have remarkable antibacterial and anticancer properties. Through these studies, it was found that silver nanoparticles from the ethanol leaf extract of G. gummi-gutta is more potential than silver nanoparticles from the aqueous leaf extract of G. gummi-gutta. So the present study is a novel attempt to synthesize the silver nanoparticles from this plant and elucidate its antimicrobial and anticancer potential.
The Effect on skin papillomas by administration of Fruits of Momordica dioica extract in DMBA/Croton oil induced benign cancer in mice
Authors: Hassan Amani Abdalbagi Eshag , Jha Deepak Kumar
Published: July 2024

Skin papillomas are not cancerous, but they can trigger an inflammatory disorder and irritate the area where the wart is present. The study was to find natural agents that prevent and/or cure skin papillomas. The fruits of Momordica dioica have been known to contain potent phytoconstituents that have anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular, diabetic, oncological, and other health benefits. To investigate inhibition of skin papilloma’s by administration of a fruit extract of Momordica dioica in DMBA/Croton oil-induced benign cancer in mice. Induction of papilloma’s by topical application of DMBA/Croton oil for 4-5 weeks; after confirmation of papilloma's, the Momordica dioica and 5-Flu10 mg/kg were administered. Body weight, tumor incidence, cumulative number of tumors, tumor yield, average latency time period, number of papillomas, hematological parameters, antioxidant enzymes, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured. 100% tumor incidence was observed in DMBA/croton oil, whereas the other groups except the normal control had quite a similar tumor incidence. The cumulative number, tumor yield, and average latent period have significantly improved with the treatment in skin papilloma mice. Hematological markers and NLR (< 3.0) have improved (p<0.001), which is indicative of reduced acute systemic inflammation. The deviations on LPO and CAT from baselines were corrected by Momordica dioica and found to have a significant impact on their levels (p<0.001). Post-treatment of immunosuppressive markers such as; TGF-beta (p<0.001), TNF-alpha (p<0.001), and IL-6 (p<0.001) were decreased significantly and increased the levels of IFG-g (p<0.001), which correlates with increased immune activation. Hence, the intake of fruits of Momordica dioica inhibits the growth of skin papillomas.
COMPARATIVE ANTIFUNGAL STUDY OF FLUCONAZOLE AND FLUCONAZOLE ENHANCED WITH SILVER METAL COLLOID CREAMS: A 3² FACTORIAL DESIGN OPTIMIZATION APPROACH
Authors: Pandey Sachinkumar , Mehta Dharmik
Published: July 2024

Antifungal resistance remains a critical health challenge within dermatology and pharmaceutical research. This study aimed to enhance antifungal creams by investigating the effectiveness of fluconazole (FLZ) and fluconazole combined with silver metal colloid (FLZ-AgMC). Employing a 3² factorial design, systematic exploration was conducted to assess the influence of metal colloid concentration and stearic acid content on crucial cream attributes: viscosity, spreadability, and zone of inhibition ratio. Viscosity ranged from 56132 to 58700 cP, spreadability from 28.7 to 27.8 gm.cm/sec, and the zone of inhibition increased with metal colloid concentration. Optimized cream formulations were identified using Stat-Ease Design Expert version 7. Various FLZ and AgMC concentrations were evaluated for antifungal activity against Candida albicans, with FLZ-AgMC exhibiting significantly enhanced efficacy, as indicated by a larger inhibition zone compared to FLZ alone. The inhibitory zone ratio demonstrated a 35 to 40% improvement, indicating enhanced fungal growth inhibition. Skin permeation and ex-vivo studies confirmed that the optimized Fluconazole formulation followed the Higuchi Model (R2 = 0.9847). Silver metal colloid-containing formulations demonstrated superior antifungal efficacy against C. albicans. The impact of silver metal colloid and stearic acid on viscosity and spreadability was established, revealing key factors influencing the cream’s physical properties. This optimization approach highlights the potential for innovative antifungal formulations, contributing to improved patient care, user acceptability, and clinical application.
Investigation of Mushroom-derived Bioactive Compounds against Cancer - An in silico Molecular Docking Analysis
Authors: Chandana Lakkaraju , Bhikshapathi Darna
Published: July 2024

Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus), are included in the category of nutritious foods, due to the presence of vitamins, proteins and different kinds of chemicals which preserve good health. It exhibited several medicinal properties like, anti-tumor, immune modulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, hypo-cholesterolaemic, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-hypertensive, antiviral and antimicrobial activities. The current study was aimed at the identification of phytochemicals by suitable methodology followed by molecular docking studies and the effect of test extract on different cell lines. Preliminary phytochemical testing was conducted; identification of different phytochemicals was carried out by GC-MS method. The protein 1DI8 (CDK-2) from the Protein Data Bank was used to analyse the molecular docking investigation of the identified phytochemicals. In the present study, the methanolic extract of Pleurotus ostreatus contained six compounds - Propanedioic acid, phenyl-, Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 1-amino-, 2-Undecene, 4,5-dimethyl-, [R*,R*-(E Heptanoic acid, 2-methyl-2-butyl ester, Acetic acid, 2-propyltetrahydropyran-3,3-Tetradecene. Amongst all of these phytochemicals, Propanedioic acid, and phenyl-was shown to possess the highest score with 1DI8 (CDK-2) in the molecular docking investigation. Anti-cancer effect was also evaluated; the test extract was found to possess the same activity which was evident by the IC50 values. It was concluded that Pleurotus ostreatus possessed six phytochemicals, out of which Propanedioic acid, phenyl was found to have therapeutic potential in the treatment of cancers and was proved by locking mechanism through molecular docking studies. As Pleurotus ostreatus is known for higher biomass availability, further research is of utmost importance in the treatment of cancers.
COMMON HUB GENES AND DRUG CANDIDATES FOR DIABETIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE: A COMPREHENSIVE BIOINFORMATIC STUDY
Authors: Datta Kaberi
Published: July 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent diseases responsible for worldwide morbidity and mortality. The kidney and liver are the most commonly affected organs resulting in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, pathophysiological mechanisms that may be common to both DKD and NAFLD have not been elaborated despite having a common underlying cause. This study aimed to identify the hub genes that are common to both DKD and NAFLD and explore the potential drugs for their treatment. Gene expression datasets for DKD and NAFLD from the gene expression omnibus database were analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A functional enrichment analysis of the DEGs was done to reveal pathways important in the etiology of DKD and NAFLD. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and hub genes were identified. The hub genes were further analyzed to identify potentially viable drug candidates after screening. A total of 89 DEGs were found to be common between DKD and NAFLD. Functional enrichment of said DEGs found Ppar, FoxO signaling and hepatocellular carcinoma pathways to be most prevalent in DKD and NAFLD. From the PPI network, 32 common hub genes were identified. The hub genes were analyzed for interacting drugs. Finally, 9 drugs were identified as potential candidates for the treatment of both diseases. The hub genes identified can provide new insights into the common etiology of DKD and NAFLD. The potentially viable drugs may be repurposed for the treatment of both DKD and NAFLD.
A Comprehensive study of stress degradation pathways of Ascorbic acid to standardize Flavonoids-Related impurities derived from ascorbic acid
Authors: Pawar Tarak S. , Gawade Anil , Gawade Bapu , Tayade Rajratna P.
Published: July 2024

Ascorbic acids are gaining popularity as functional food or health supplement owing to their antioxidant property. Ascorbic acid API or antioxidant ingredients was subjected to force degradation studies under various hydrolysis conditions as per the ICH guidelines i.e. acidic, alkaline, thermal, oxidative, and photolytic. The degraded samples were analyzed using a compatible self-developed HPLC method. The drug was found to be highly sensitive to alkaline environment and exhibited significant degradation. The drug has also shown degradation when exposed to oxidative stress. The drug was found to be quite stable in acidic, photolytic, and thermal conditions. The major degraded product obtained in alkaline condition was isolated, purified and characterized as (3S, 4R,5S)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid with molecular mass of 194.14 g/mol and molecular formula of C6H10O7. This compound is a pharmacopeial impurity (EP impurity C) of the drug. This compound was then converted to its ester form to further ascertain its structural configuration. The ester was characterized as (3S, 4R, 5S)-methyl 3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoate (EP impurity D) with molecular mass of 208.17 g/mole and molecular formula of C7H12O7 The compounds were characterized with NMR, DMR, and mass spectroscopic technique. When ascorbic acid was subjected to oxidative stress, a water-soluble compound was obtained as the major degradant. Its isolation, identification and characterization are under study. A mechanism for the formation of (3S, 4R, 5S)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid as the major degradant in alkaline stress was proposed.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF SOLID-LIPID NANO-PARTICLES OF SULFASALAZINE FOR ANTI- RHEUMATIC ACTIVITY
Authors: Upadhyay Shikha , Soni Govind
Published: July 2024

Chronic rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can cause irreversible joint deterioration over time. Solvent-based lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are widely used as an efficient method to increase the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble medicines like Sulfasalazine. The present study aimed to formulate and evaluation of anti-rheumatic potential of the solid lipid nano-particles (SLNs) of Sulfasalazine. Drug loaded SLNs were formulated and coated with chitosan (CS) for sustained delivery and characterized for particle size, poly dispersity index and in vitro drug release. safety and efficacy profile of optimized batch was analyzed in animal model. Particle size of the optimized formulation was 269±2.45 nm with the PDI of 0.217±0.008 and entrapment efficiency of about 79.9±2.21. The zeta potential of particles was 35.7 mV. Particles had spherical shape with size ranging 100 nm which was determined by TEM analysis. Created formulation showed that the medication was released from the lipid matrix under regulated conditions, with 83.2±1.5% of the drug released in 24 h. Cmax for drug was higher (337±24) when administered as SLNs drug, similarly Tmax was longer when administered as lipid nanoparticles (6Hr), indicating a sustained drug release from SLNs. complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) activity in rats administered with CS-SSZ-SLN (300mg/kg) equivalent to doses of 300mg/kg SSZ showed reduction in paw edema by day 9 (53.1 ± 1.75% (p<0.005), day 18 (68.68 ± 2.08%) (p<0.001) and 78.24 ± 2.36 % ( p<0.001) on day 21 respectively. Significant increase in the Tmax and the T1/2 values for the nanoparticles, indicates sustained release of the drugs by the SLNs. Sulfasalazine functions by decreasing inflammation, which is likely responsible for lessening the signs and symptoms of inflammatory diseases such rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.
GASTRO-PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ROOT EXTRACT OF BARLERIA BUXIFOLIA ON ASPIRIN INDUCED GASTRIC ULCER IN RATS
Authors: R Raveena Shree , Jha Deepak Kumar , RAJASHEKHAR U. , Yadav Nitin
Published: July 2024

The key assessment of the study was evaluating the gastro-protective properties of Barleria buxifolia root extract (REBB) in ulcerative rats. The roots of Barleria buxifolia have properties like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other health benefits. Induction of gastric ulcers was done with aspirin (150 mg/kg, b.w., p.o) for 3 days and was accompanied by treatment with REBB (200 & 400 mg/kg orally) for 15 days. Ranitidine (20 mg/kg, orally) was received as the standard treatment for 14 days. Ulcer index, percent inhibition of ulceration, lipid peroxidation (LPO), TNF-α levels, and histopathological examination of the gastric mucosa were measured. Aspirin-induced stomach ulcers were seen in 100% of the groups, whereas other animal groups, aside from the control group possessed relatively comparable inductions. Ulcer number, ulcer index (p<0.01), and LPO (p<0.05) shown significant reduction in the 400mg/kg and Ranitidine (20mg/kg) when compared to Aspirin induced control group. Whereas the Ulcer score (p<0.001) and TNF-α (p<0.05) showed significant reduction in Ranitidine treated group but showed objectively improvement but statistically non-significant results in 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg REBB. Hence it was found that Baleria buxifolia root extract effectively mitigates aspirin-induced gastric ulceration in rats, underscoring its potential as a gastro protective agent.
Insights and compliance challenges for nutraceutical regulations in Indian market
Authors: THAMMISETTY NIKHITHANJANI , Yetukuri Koushik
Published: July 2024

Nutraceuticals, comprising supplements, herbal medicines, vitamins, and minerals, claim therapeutic benefits in addressing disease causes. Coined in 1989, the term denotes compounds promoting health. Projections suggest India's nutraceutical business will reach USD 18 billion by 2025, necessitating robust oversight. Food Safety and Standards Authority of India, established under Food Safety and Standards Act of 2006, governs approvals. This study aimed to collate data on approved, refused, and withdrawn nutraceutical products and ingredients in India from 2020 to 2023. During this period, 58 out of 110 applications, constituting 52.7%, gained approval. Notably, 20-40% of applications related to nutraceuticals faced refusal or withdrawal within the preceding four years. Factors contributing to rejections and withdrawals include the sorting of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) as a pharmaceutical compound, non-compliance with recommended dietary intake, potential drug-like properties, misleading labeling, and insufficient evidence of product efficacy. Withdrawals often result from issues like adulteration, substandard ingredients, and noncompliance with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) regulations. To surmount these challenges, FSSAI must establish rigorous regulations and guidelines for nutraceutical promotion, including public notifications for any modifications, with a concurrent expectation for industries to adhere to these guidelines in promoting public health. The collaboration of applicants/nutraceutical industry, and FSSAI would foster stable expansion, as evident in the CAGR for nutraceutical products and ingredients in India.
AUDIT INTERNAL SESUAI ISO/IEC 17025:2017 BERBASIS ISO 19011:2018
Authors: Dwi Ningsih Nunung Isnaini
Published: July 2024

Audit Internal sesuai ISO/IEC 17025:2017 berbasis pada ISO 19011:2018 telah dilakukan untuk menggambarkan proses audit internal pada laboratorium yang telah mengimplementasikan ISO/IEC 17015:2017. Audit internal dilakukan pada semua proses bisnis yang ada di laboratorium Pengujian UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, yang terdiri dari proses manajemen, proses utama, dan proses pendukung. Hasil audit internal menunjukkan bahwa pada proses manajemen terdapat 3 (tiga) klausul untuk ketidaksesuaian level 2, pada proses utama terdapat 1 (satu) klausul untuk ketidaksesuaian level 1, 2 (dua) klausul untuk ketidaksesuaian level 2, dan 1 (satu) klausul untuk observasi. Sedangkan pada proses pendukung terdapat 1 (satu) klausul untuk observasi. Berdasarkan proses maka audit internal yang dilakukan telah sesuai dengan proses audit pada ISO 19011:2018. Temuan-temuan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa laboratorium Pengujian UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta telah menerapkan ISO/IEC 17025:2017 meskipun belum maksimal.
PERAN PENTING AUDIT MUTU INTERNAL
Authors: Yanti Yovi , Radiana Usman
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan secara utuh audit mutu internal yaitu pentingnya peran audit mutu internal dan audit internal dalam pendidikan di Indonesia. Dalam memperoleh data penelitian ini digunakan pendekatan kualitatif jenis Systematic Literature Review, dengan mengumpulkan data dari buku, jurnal, dan artikel. Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode PRISMA, terdapat 5 tahapan yang digunakan yaitu penentuan kriteria kelayakan, penentuan sumber informasi, pemilihan literatur, pengumpulan data, dan pemilihan item data. Dengan metode ini dapat diperoleh dari berbagai sumber antara lain jurnal, buku, dokumentasi, internet dan perpustakaan. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa: 1) Peran penting audit mutu internal adalah terdapat empat elemen praktis utama, yaitu verifikasi catatan tertulis, analisis kebijakan, evaluasi logika dan kelengkapan prosedur, layanan internal, dan staf untuk memastikan bahwa prosedurnya efisien dan sesuai dengan kebijakan organisasi dan rekomendasi pelaporan. perbaikan manajemen yang unggul. 2). Audit Internal Pendidikan di Indonesia, Audit bersama dapat berperan penting dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan, sehingga dapat mengetahui berbagai permasalahan yang terjadi dalam kegiatan operasional di sekolah, penyebab permasalahan tersebut, kemudian memikirkan solusi dari permasalahan tersebut. . Dari pelaksanaan audit ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan mutu layanan pendidikan yang didukung oleh transparansi dan akuntabilitas pengelolaan layanan pendidikan.
EVALUASI IMPLEMENTASI PENJAMINAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN DI SMP NEGERI 2 BANYUKE HULU
Authors: Julia Larasanti  , Radiana Usman
Published: July 2024

Kualitas pendidikan menjadi perhatian utama di banyak masyarakat di seluruh dunia. Dalam sektor pendidikan yang sangat kompetitif, keberhasilan lembaga pendidikan bergantung pada kualitas pendidikan. Penjaminan mutu pendidikan adalah mekanisme yang sistematis, terpadu, dan berkelanjutan untuk menjamin seluruh proses penyelenggaraan pendidikan memenuhi standar mutu. Penjaminan mutu pada pendidikan dasar bertujuan agar mutu pendidikan sesuai dengan standar nasional pendidikan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan secara jelas penjaminan mutu pada jenjang pendidikan dasar, khususnya sekolah menengah pertama dan sederajat. Dengan adanya pelaksanaan penjaminan mutu pendidikan, diharapkan pendidikan dasar dapat dilaksanakan dan dievaluasi dengan baik.
KESADARAN ORANG TUA BUDDHIS PADA PENDIDIKAN SEKS UNTUK ANAK USIA SD DI KABUPATEN SEMARANG
Authors: Sukodoyo
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini mengkaji fenomena pendidikan seks pada orang tua Buddhis. Tujuan penelitian ini mendeskripsikan kesadaran orang tua Buddhis di Kecamatan Getasan-Kabupaten Semarang pada pendidikan seks untuk anak usia SD. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Subjek penelitian orang tua Buddhis di Kecamatan Getasan -Kabupaten Semarang yang memiliki anak usia SD usia 6-12 tahun. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi.  Analisis data dilakukan melalui tahap reduksi data, display data, dan verifikasi data, serta penarikan kesimpulan. Uji keabsahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode triangulasi.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) arti penting pendidikan seks untuk anak usia SD yaitu: pendidikan seks berlandaskan hasil belajar dan kesadaran orang tua, pemahaman berdasarkan penjelasan mengenai anatomi dan organ reproduksi laki-laki dan perempuan, berdasarkan dampak pelecehan dan kekerasan seksual, menanamkan cinta kasih dan lima aturan moral pada anak, dan pencegahan dan  penanggulan kekerasan seksual; (2) Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi orang tua memberikan pendidikan seks untuk anak usia SD yaitu: pengetahuan orang tua dan cara mendidik anak, keteladanan orang tua, perekonomian keluarga, teman yang baik, dan kondisi masyarakat; (3) Peran orang tua Buddhis dalam pendidikan seks untuk anak usia SD yaitu: mendidik anak untuk berbuat baik, menjadi sahabat anak, membimbing, menjadi model, menjelaskan cara mencegah kekerasan terhadap anak dengan melaksanakan lima aturan kemoralan (Pañcasīla Buddhis) dan memiliki rasa malu terhadap kejahatan dan rasa takut akibat kejahatan, cinta kasih, dan jalan mulia berfaktor delapan, serta pentingnya nilai-nilai Buddhis untuk kesejahteraan anak.