bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporal design for aquatic organismal sampling across the National Ecological Observatory Network
Authors: Parker Stephanie M. , Utz Ryan M.
Published: July 2022

The National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) is a continental‐scale research platform designed to assess the impacts of climate change, land‐use change and invasive species on ecosystem structure and function at field sites distributed across 20 ecoclimatic domains (or regions) from Alaska to Puerto Rico. Aquatic sites within the NEON network include 24 streams, 7 lakes and 3 rivers among 19 domains. A significant challenge to this effort is defining standardized methodology for sampling at sites with substantially variable geomorphology and hydrology. The aquatic temporal sampling design provides timing windows for seasonal sampling to best assess organismal diversity and abundance.

The need to establish a rule set for temporal sampling was addressed via site‐specific seasonal sampling windows, defined using a suite of environmental variables collected from publicly available meteorological data. Variables integrated into the design include stream flow, growing degree days and riparian phenology. Thresholds for these variables were determined using published literature and used to create three sampling windows for each sample site. Sampling windows target biological community diversity and seasonal changes in abundance, and roughly align with spring, mid‐summer and autumn.

NEON‐generated organismal data from 2014 to 2021 were analysed for inter‐ and intra‐annual variability to quantify community‐scale variability among seasonal sampling windows and years at each site. Algae, macroinvertebrate and zooplankton community structure was significantly different within sites across sampling windows, supporting the sampling design of three separate windows per year. Moreover, 93% of sampling windows were completed from 2014 to 2021. An analysis of macroinvertebrate data at 14 sites shows that seasonal β‐diversity represents an important attribute of the stream community, even if interannual trends among sites may differ.

We conclude that the temporal sampling design for NEON aquatic biological sampling is justified in having three sampling windows per site and is achievable at most NEON aquatic sites. Although sampling windows have been adjusted at a select number of sites, the original sampling windows are used successfully at the majority of NEON aquatic sites. Sampling windows will be updated with NEON continuous sensor data from each site once sufficient (>3 years) data are available.
Tonsillar transcriptional profiles in atopic and non‐atopic subjects
Authors: Hanif Tanzeela , Ivaska Lotta E. , Ahmad Freed , Tan Ge , Mikola Emilia , Puhakka Tuomo , Palomares Oscar , Akdis Cezmi A. , Toppila‐Salmi Sanna , Jartti Tuomas
Published: July 2022

Background

Emerging research suggests that local lymphatic tissue such as tonsils have important role in regulating the immune responses. However, allergen sensitization‐induced alterations in transcriptome of tonsils are not known.

Objectives

To examine the key differences in tonsillar gene expression between atopic and non‐atopic subjects and further by type of sensitization.

Methods

RNA‐sequencing was performed on 52 tonsillar samples from atopic and non‐atopic tonsillectomy patients. Sensitization to common food‐ and aero‐allergen was defined by allergen specific IgE. Following groups were studied: (1) aero‐ and food‐allergen sensitized (AS+FS) versus non‐sensitized (NS), (2) aeroallergen‐sensitized (AS) versus food‐allergen sensitized (FS), (3) AS versus NS, (4) FS versus NS. Bioinformatics analysis was done using DESeq2(v3.10.2), WGCNA and GATK pipeline in R software (v3.3.1). Protein–protein interaction network was made from String database.

Results

We studied 13 aeroallergen‐sensitized, 6 food‐allergen sensitized, 4 both food‐and aero‐allergen‐sensitized and 29 non‐sensitized tonsillectomy patients. Overall, 697 unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in all sensitized subgroups including chemokines (CXCL2, CXCL8, CXCL10, CXCL11), IL‐20RA, MUC1 and MUC20. When comparing different groups, the gene expression profiles overlapped except the AS versus FS group comparison, suggesting significantly different gene expression between the two sensitization subgroups. Furthermore, aeroallergen‐sensitized subjects had more prominent immune responses compared with non‐sensitized and food‐allergen sensitized subjects including gene expression for IL‐17 pathway and Toll‐like receptor signalling pathway.

Conclusion

Allergic sensitization is associated with extensive tonsillar transcriptomic alterations and changes in immune related genes and pathways. Distinct differences were found between aero‐allergen and food‐allergen sensitization.
Decrease in paediatric emergency room visits during the COVID‐19 pandemic restrictions: A population‐based study
Authors: Wärnhjelm Elina , Lääperi Mitja , Kuitunen Mikael , Helve Otto , Puhakka Laura , Harve‐Rytsälä Heini , Salmi Heli
Published: July 2022

Aim

To investigate paediatric emergency room (ER) visits to evaluate the immediate health effects of COVID‐19 pandemic restrictions on children.

Methods

We retrospectively examined paediatric ER visits in the Helsinki University Hospital (HUH) district during the first wave of the pandemic (1 March to 31 May 2020), and a 2‐month period immediately before and after. These periods were compared to the corresponding time periods in 2015–2019 (‘reference period’).

Results

The total number of ER visits decreased by 23.4% (mean 6474 during the reference period, 4960 during the pandemic period (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.75, 95% confidence interval 0.72–0.77;p < 0.001). This was due to a decrease in visits related to infectious diseases; visits due to surgical reasons did not decrease. The amount or proportion of patients triaged to the most urgent class (Emergency Severity Index 1) did not increase. Paediatric ER visits returned to baseline after lifting of restrictions.

Conclusions

Although paediatric ER visits substantially decreased during the pandemic restrictions, children seen at the ER were not more severely ill. Our results do not indicate immediate detrimental health effects of pandemic control measures on children.
Childhood‐onset type 1 diabetes and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder with educational attainment: A population‐based sibling‐comparison study
Authors: Liu Shengxin , Larsson Henrik , Lichtenstein Paul , Ludvigsson Jonas F. , Gudbjörnsdottir Soffia , Serlachius Eva , Kuja‐Halkola Ralf , Butwicka Agnieszka
Published: July 2022

Aim

To examine the association of childhood‐onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with educational outcomes from compulsory school to university.

Methods

Using multiple Swedish nationwide registers, we followed up on 1,474,941 individuals born in Sweden from 1981–1995 to December 31, 2013. Associations of T1D and ADHD with achieving educational milestones (from compulsory school to university) and school performances were estimated using logistic and linear regression models and sibling comparison models.

Results

Compared to their peers, children with both T1D and ADHD were less likely to achieve any of the educational attainments, including completing compulsory school (adjusted OR [aOR] [95% CI]: 0.43 [0.26, 0.72]), be eligible to and finishing upper secondary school (0.26 [0.19, 0.36], 0.24 [0.17, 0.35], respectively), and starting university (0.38 [0.17, 0.90]). The odds of achieving these educational milestones were substantially lower in children with ADHD alone (aORs: 0.14–0.44), but were slightly worse or no differences in children with T1D alone (aORs: 0.86–1.08). All associations above remained similar in the sibling comparison models.

Conclusion

Children and adolescents with both T1D and ADHD had long‐term educational underachievement, with ADHD being the major contributor. Our findings suggest the importance of assessing ADHD in children with T1D and targeted support for minimising the education gap between the affected children and their peers.
Identifying pre‐Hispanic water storages in agricultural areas of south‐central Andes through diatom evidence
Authors: Grana Lorena , Lanzelotti Sonia , Arévalo Victoria , Tesio Alvaro Yamil , Maidana Nora Irene
Published: July 2022

In the Andes, there are several pre‐Hispanic irrigation networks with structures destined for water storage. However, it has not been widely discussed in archaeological research. This is probably due to their being difficult to identify. The aim of this study is to explore the use of diatom assemblage analysis as a methodological tool suitable to help in the identification and characterization of these ancient hydraulic structures. We analyzed two archaeological structures interpreted as water reservoirs from north‐western Argentina (EH1 in Antofagasta de la Sierra and U‐88R1 in Yocavil) and compared them to current reservoirs. The diatom species composition and the changes in the dominant ecological groups in the studied structures highlight different periods of hydraulic behavior. EH1 contained and stored water, but there were periods of time in which there was a lack of use or abandonment of the structure. However, the U88‐R1 structure does not have diatom evidence of containing standing water for a prolonged time but presence of wet soils. Thus, the structure could have been used for other water management strategies. The results show that diatom analysis is a methodological tool with a high potential to study ancestral hydrotechnologies.
Exploring pharmacological inhibition of Gq/11 as an analgesic strategy
Authors: Marwari Subhi , Kowalski Cody , Martemyanov Kirill A.
Published: July 2022

Background and Purpose

Misuse of opioids has greatly affected our society. One potential solution is to develop analgesics that act at targets other than opioid receptors. These can be used either as stand‐alone therapeutics or to improve the safety profile of opioid drugs. Previous research showed that activation of Gq/11 proteins by G‐protein coupled receptors has pro‐nociceptive properties, suggesting that blockade of Gq/11 signalling could be beneficial for pain control. The aim of this study was to test this hypothesis pharmacologically by using potent and selective Gq/11 inhibitor YM‐254890.

Experimental Approach

We used a series of behavioural assays to evaluate the acute responses of mice to painful thermal stimulation while administering YM‐254890 alone and in combination with morphine. We then used electrophysiological recordings to evaluate the effects of YM‐254890 on the excitability of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) nociceptor neurons.

Key Results

We found that systemic administration of YM‐254890 produced anti‐nociceptive effects and also augmented morphine analgesia in both hotplate and tail flick paradigms. However, it also caused substantial inhibition of locomotion, which may limit its therapeutic utility. To circumvent these issues, we explored the local administration of YM‐254890. Intrathecal injections of YM‐254890 produced lasting analgesia in a tail flick test and greatly augmented the anti‐nociceptive effects of morphine without any significant effects on locomotor behaviour. Electrophysiological studies showed that YM‐254890 reduced the excitability of DRG nociceptors and augmented their opioid‐induced inhibition.

Conclusion and Implications

These findings indicate that pharmacological inhibition of Gq/11 could be explored as an analgesic strategy.
Avian adjustments to cold and non‐shivering thermogenesis: whats, wheres and hows
Authors: Pani Punyadhara , Bal Naresh C.
Published: July 2022

Avian cold adaptation is hallmarked by innovative strategies of both heat conservation and thermogenesis. While minimizing heat loss can reduce the thermogenic demands of body temperature maintenance, it cannot eliminate the requirement for thermogenesis. Shivering and non‐shivering thermogenesis (NST) are the two synergistic mechanisms contributing to endothermy. Birds are of particular interest in studies of NST as they lack brown adipose tissue (BAT), the major organ of NST in mammals. Critical analysis of the existing literature on avian strategies of cold adaptation suggests that skeletal muscle is the principal site of NST. Despite recent progress, isolating the mechanisms involved in avian muscle NST has been difficult as shivering and NST co‐exist with its primary locomotory function. Herein, we re‐evaluate various proposed molecular bases of avian skeletal muscle NST. Experimental evidence suggests that sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase (SERCA) and ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1) are key in avian muscle NST, through their mediation of futile Ca2+ cycling and thermogenesis. More recent studies have shown that SERCA regulation by sarcolipin (SLN) facilitates muscle NST in mammals; however, its role in birds is unclear. Ca2+ signalling in the muscle seems to be common to contraction, shivering and NST, but elucidating its roles will require more precise measurement of local Ca2+ levels inside avian myofibres. The endocrine control of avian muscle NST is still poorly defined. A better understanding of the mechanistic details of avian muscle NST will provide insights into the roles of these processes in regulatory thermogenesis, which could further inform our understanding of the evolution of endothermy among vertebrates.
Longitudinal development of hand use in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy from 18 months to 18 years
Authors: Eliasson Ann‐Christin , Nordstrand Linda , Backheden Magnus , Holmefur Marie
Published: July 2022

Aim

To describe the development of the use of the affected hand in bimanual tasks in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP) from 18 months to 18 years. Specifically, whether early development can be confirmed in a larger cohort and how development progresses during adolescence.

Method

In total, 171 participants (95 males, 76 females; mean age 3 years 1 month [SD 3 years 8 months], range 18 months–16 years at inclusion) were classified in Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) levels I (n = 41), II (n = 91), and III (n = 39). Children were assessed repeatedly (median 7, range 2–16 times) with the Assisting Hand Assessment: in total 1197 assessments. Developmental trajectories were estimated using a nonlinear mixed effects model. To further analyse the adolescent period, a linear mixed model was applied.

Results

The developmental trajectories were different between participants in MACS levels (MACS I–II, II–III) in both rate (0.019, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.006–0.031, p = 0.034; 0.025, 95% CI 0.015–0.037, p < 0.001) and limit (19.9, 95% CI 16.6–23.3, p = 0.001; 7.2, 95% CI 3.3–11.2, p < 0.003). The individual variations were large within each level. The developmental trajectories were stable over time for all MACS levels between 7 and 18 years (p > 0.05).

Interpretation

Children and adolescents with unilateral CP have considerable development at an early age and a stable ability to use their affected hand in bimanual activities from 7 to 18 years in all MACS levels.
Diagnosis and arthroscopic removal of an intra‐articular epidermoid cyst in the distal interphalangeal joint of a 15‐year‐old horse
Authors: Hibner‐Szaltys Maria , Hann Michelle Jackie , Woods Simon Charles Creswicke , Rocchigiani Guido , Stack John David
Published: July 2022

This case report describes the diagnosis and arthroscopic removal of a ruptured epidermoid cyst in a distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint of a horse. The cyst was the cause of chronic moderate lameness and following removal the horse returned to athletic performance. However, 12 months postoperatively the horse was retired due to the recurrence of lameness. Epidermoid cysts have been diagnosed elsewhere in the equine digit but have not been reported intra‐articularly to the best of our knowledge.
Biological sensitivities to high‐resolution climate change projections in the California current marine ecosystem
Authors: Sunday Jennifer M. , Howard Evan , Siedlecki Samantha , Pilcher Darren J. , Deutsch Curtis , MacCready Parker , Newton Jan , Klinger Terrie
Published: July 2022

The California Current Marine Ecosystem is a highly productive system that exhibits strong natural variability and vulnerability to anthropogenic climate trends. Relating projections of ocean change to biological sensitivities requires detailed synthesis of experimental results. Here, we combine measured biological sensitivities with high‐resolution climate projections of key variables (temperature, oxygen, and pCO2) to identify the direction, magnitude, and spatial distribution of organism‐scale vulnerabilities to multiple axes of projected ocean change. Among 12 selected species of cultural and economic importance, we find that all are sensitive to projected changes in ocean conditions through responses that affect individual performance or population processes. Response indices were largest in the northern region and inner shelf. While performance traits generally increased with projected changes, fitness traits generally decreased, indicating that concurrent stresses can lead to fitness loss. For two species, combining sensitivities to temperature and oxygen changes through the Metabolic Index shows how aerobic habitat availability could be compressed under future conditions. Our results suggest substantial and specific ecological susceptibility in the next 80 years, including potential regional loss of canopy‐forming kelp, changes in nearshore food webs caused by declining rates of survival among red urchins, Dungeness crab, and razor clams, and loss of aerobic habitat for anchovy and pink shrimp. We also highlight fillable gaps in knowledge, including specific physiological responses to stressors, variation in responses across life stages, and responses to multistressor combinations. These findings strengthen the case for filling information gaps with experiments focused on fitness‐related responses and those that can be used to parameterize integrative physiological models, and suggest that the CCME is susceptible to substantial changes to ecosystem structure and function within this century.
Correlated evolution of eggshell maculation with social breeding and nest type in Hirundinidae
Authors: Levin Iris I. , Kaufman Stephanie L. , Knaysi Sophia E. , Rataezyk Olivia G.
Published: July 2022

Maculation on avian eggshells has the potential to serve as an identity signal, and this information may help females recognize their eggs/nest or reject foreign eggs laid by hetero‐ or conspecific brood parasites. Recognizing eggs could be adaptive in cases where birds nest in dense colonies, as reports of conspecific brood parasitism are over‐represented in colony‐nesting species. We utilized the variation in breeding biology (solitary vs. colonial breeding) and eggshell phenotype in swallows and martins (Hirundinidae) to test for correlated evolution between these traits, while also accounting for nest type, as maculation may camouflage eggs in open‐cup nests. We found that maculated eggs were more likely to be laid by species that breed socially and build open‐cup nests where maculation would be more visible than in dark cavity nests.
Molecular feature of neutrophils in immune microenvironment of muscle atrophy
Authors: You Zongqi , Huang Xinying , Xiang Yaoxian , Dai Junxi , Jiang Junjian , Xu Jianguang
Published: July 2022

Homeostasis in skeletal muscle is sustained by the balance of functional and physical interactions between muscle and myofibre microenvironment. Various factors, such as ageing, disuse and denervation, tip the balance and induce skeletal muscle atrophy. Skeletal muscle atrophy, which involves complex physiological and biochemical changes, is accompanied by adverse outcomes and even increased mortality. Multiple studies have investigated the role of neutrophils in atrophied skeletal muscles; however, neutrophil intrusion in muscle is still a polemical knot. As technical obstacles have been overcome, people have gradually discovered new functions of neutrophils. The classical view of neutrophils is no longer applicable to their biological characteristics. To date, no clear association between the hidden injurious effect of neutrophil intrusion and muscle atrophy has been convincingly proven. Throughout this review, we have discussed the neutrophil activities that mediate muscle atrophy for distinct disease occurrences. Hopefully, this review will help both clinicians and researchers of skeletal muscle atrophy with relevant targets to further explore efficient medical interventions and treatments.
Nutrition impact symptoms and the risk of malnutrition in people with Parkinson's disease: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Helliesen Julie Sørbø , Kristiansen Ida , Brekke Hilde Kristin , Støkket Ragnhild Stenshjemmet , Bye Asta
Published: July 2022

Background

People with Parkinson's disease (PD) often experience symptoms that affect their ability to eat. This may contribute to weight loss and increased risk of malnutrition. The present study aimed to quantify the extent of nutrition impact symptoms (NIS) in the population and a scoring system of NIS was incorporated in the tool used to identify malnutrition.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, members of the Norwegian Parkinson's Association, with any PD diagnosis and stage of illness, were invited to respond to an online 24‐item questionnaire. Questions from two validated questionnaires, comprising the abridged Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment (aPG‐SGA) and the Radboud Oral Motor Inventory for Parkinson's disease (ROMP), were adapted to an online format.

Results

The questionnaire was sent to 3047 members, of which 508 persons (17%) responded (61% men). In total, 59% were categorised as well‐nourished, 34% at risk of malnutrition and 6.5% as malnourished. One quarter of all participants reported symptoms that affected food intake. The most frequent symptoms were constipation (14.2%) and dry mouth (13.4%). Malnourished participants reported a mean ± SD of 3.4 ± 1.4 symptoms versus 0.1 ± 0.3 per well‐nourished participant. Malnourished participants had more swallowing problems than well‐nourished participants, with a mean ± SD total ROMP score of 15.5 ± 6.0 versus 9.0 ± 2.9 (p < 0.001). As the number of points in the ROMP score increased by one, the points in the aPG‐SGA score increased with 37% (95% confidence interval = 0.309–0.428).

Conclusions

Risk of malnutrition was largely related to NIS, especially dysphagia in people with PD. Symptoms affecting food intake should be systematically mapped and treated in conjunction with PD to prevent malnutrition.
Substitution impacts of wood‐based textile fibers: Influence of market assumptions
Authors: Hurmekoski Elias , Suuronen Juulia , Ahlvik Lassi , Kunttu Janni , Myllyviita Tanja
Published: July 2022

Wood products may help to avoid fossil emissions when they substitute for more fossil‐intensive products. However, the estimates of avoided fossil emissions attributed to wood use tend to be based on incomplete market assumptions. Wood products are assumed to fully substitute for non‐wood products, yet substitution rarely occurs 1:1 and wood products can also substitute for each other. This study outlines a systematic procedure grounded on economic theory for approximating the existence and rate of substitution between wood and non‐wood products, and calculates the marginal avoided fossil emissions with both conventional assumptions and more realistic assumptions based on an expert survey, taking the case of textile markets. The results suggest that regenerated cellulosic fibers (RCFs) are not perfect substitutes for synthetic fibers, meaning that part of an additional RCF supply will replace established textile fibers while part of it merely adds to the overall textile supply, and thereby aggregate fossil emissions. Moreover, in the long term, RCFs are more likely to substitute for synthetics than for cotton, and in the short term, non‐viscose RCFs are more likely to substitute for contemporary viscose than for polyester or cotton. In the specified case, the alteration of market assumptions leads to quadrupling the marginal substitution impacts of wood use. Besides the relatively high fossil intensity of contemporary viscose, this is partly explained by increased absolute aggregate fossil emissions. Producing a more realistic account of substitution processes in the forest products markets is central in directing investments that ensure a net reduction in fossil emissions.
Social media and mindfulness: From the fear of missing out (FOMO) to the joy of missing out (JOMO)
Authors: Chan Steven S. , Van Solt Michelle , Cruz Ryan E. , Philp Matthew , Bahl Shalini , Serin Nuket , Amaral Nelson Borges , Schindler Robert , Bartosiak Abbey , Kumar Smriti , Canbulut Murad
Published: July 2022

Mindless use of social media may lead to negative mental health outcomes for consumers. In this research, the authors focus on the fear of missing out (FOMO) as a key determinant of those negative outcomes by illustrating how repeated social media use forms a habit loop termed “social media FOMO.” The authors introduce a “Social Media FOMO to JOMO” framework, where they describe how mindless use can lead to social media FOMO and propose a novel Social Media Mindfulness Practice (SMMP) as a remedy to help consumers reduce FOMO and adopt a path called the joy of missing out (JOMO) that provides greater well‐being. Based on the “Social Media FOMO to JOMO” framework and the SMMP, the authors suggest future research and highlight implications for consumers, marketers, and policy makers to promote more mindful social media use.
Fathers’ perceptions and experiences of support to be a parenting partner during the perinatal period: A scoping review
Authors: Leahy‐Warren Patricia , Philpott Lloyd , Elmir Rakime , Schmied Virginia
Published: July 2022

Aims and objectives

The aim of this study was to explore fathers’ perceptions and experiences of support in the perinatal period. Change in society has seen the increased visibility of fathers being involved during pregnancy and engaging in their infants’ lives and the expectation and benefits of men playing an equal and direct role in caring for their children. However, less is known about the nature of support that fathers require to facilitate this role transition.

Design

A scoping review was conducted in accordance with Arksey and O’Malley’s six‐step scoping review framework and the PRISMA‐ScR guidelines.

Methods

A systematic search of CINAHL Plus, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, Psychology, Soc INDEX and Behavioural Sciences Collections databases for qualitative or mixed methods studies with qualitative data was undertaken. Qualitative data were extracted from original studies for coding and theme generation. Thematic synthesis was employed for the final stages of analysis.

Results

Overall, 23 papers were included. Men desired to fulfil their rite of passage to be an involved father to their child. This transitional process commenced with men articulating their commitment to creating a role as an involved father and to be a role model for their children. Becoming a father is seen as having a significant status in society which contributes to their self‐efficacy as fathers.

Conclusion

Fathers require support from all levels of the ‘ecosystem’ including policy, socio‐cultural and workplace changes as well as recognition and support from partners, family, peers and in particular from health service providers. Developing the parenting partnership requires a co‐production approach and commitment at macro, meso and micro levels.

Relevance to clinical practice

Supporting men to be engaged fathers requires policy, socio‐cultural and workplace changes; however, maternity services and particularly midwives have an important role in this change.
Smart work package learning for decentralized fatigue monitoring through facial images
Authors: Li Xiao , Zeng Jianhuan , Chen Chen , Chi Hung‐lin , Shen Geoffrey Qiping
Published: July 2022

Monitoring the fatigue of construction equipment operators (CEOs) is critical for preventing accidents and ensuring precision construction occupational health and safety (COHS). However, there exists a theoretical dilemma between centralized technical efficiency and decentralized data privacy. Thus, this study introduces smart work package learning (SWPL), a decentralized deep learning approach to monitor CEOs’ fatigue without privacy exposure risks. To illustrate the feasibility of SWPL as the fatigue classifier, this study implements fatigue monitoring through noninvasive facial images, and SWPL merges the updated parameters of the model from each smart work package (SWP). These updates are then validated by SWPs in the blockchain network and stored on the blockchain. More than 356 videos were derived from 124 operators. The results present that SWPL on decentralized SWP networks outperforms the deep learning model on individual SWP. The computational novelty is SWPL's dynamic parameter aggregation mechanism to avoid parameter exposure in centralized or fixed aggregators. The proposed SWPL will open up advanced developments in precision COHS.
Nurse staffing levels in critical care: The impact of patient characteristics
Authors: Falk Ann‐Charlotte
Published: July 2022

Background

Intensive care is one of the most resource‐intensive forms of care because seriously ill patients are cared for in units with high staffing levels. Studies show that the number of registered nurses (RNs) per patient and nurse education level affects patient outcome. However, there is a lack of studies that consider how nurses/patient ratio with an advanced educational level of specialized nurses in intensive care, affect the intensive care performed in different patient populations.

Aim

To investigate if differences in patient characteristics and nurse–patient ratio have an impact on the quality of care.

Study Design

This is a retrospective observational study with a review of all patients >15 years receiving care at two general intensive care units with different nurse/patient ratio (unit A, 1:1 nurse/patient ratio and unit B, 0.5:1 nurse/patient ratio).

Results

There was no significant difference in the initial severity of illness between the units. However, younger patients, male patients and patients requiring surgery entailed a higher workload and a longer intensive care unit (ICU) stay despite a 1:1 critical care nurse/patient ratio. A small difference, but not significant, with more unplanned re‐intubations occurred at unit A compared with unit B.

Conclusion

The differences in the nurse/patient ratio did not reflect a difference in the severity of illness among admitted patients but might be explained by patient characteristics with different needs.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Health care managers should consider not only the number of nurses but also their educational level, specific competencies and skills mix and nursing‐sensitive measures to provide high‐quality ICU care in settings with different patient characteristics. Nursing‐sensitive patient outcomes should be considered in relation to nurse/patient ratio, as important to measure to ensure a high quality of patient care in the ICU.
Muscle strength/intensive care unit acquired weakness in COVID‐19 and non‐COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Rahiminezhad Elham , Zakeri Mohammad Ali , Dehghan Mahlagha
Published: July 2022

Background

Intensive care unit acquired weakness (ICU‐AW) affects both coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) and non‐COVID‐19 patients. ICU‐AW can result in a variety of consequences, including increased patient mortality.

Aims

The current study aimed to compare muscle strength and ICU‐AW in COVID‐19 and non‐COVID‐19 patients.

Study Design

This was a cross‐sectional, descriptive‐analytical pilot study.

Methods

Fifteen conscious COVID‐19 patients and 15 conscious non‐COVID‐19 patients admitted to the ICUs of a public hospital were selected by convenience sampling. Muscle strength in arms and legs was assessed by a hand‐held dynamometer (HHD), and ICU‐AW was measured with the medical research council sum score (MRC‐SS) scale on the first, fourth, and seventh days of admission to ICUs.

Results

The results showed that muscle strength in the arms and legs of the COVID‐19 patients assessed by a HHD and MRC was significantly lower than that of non‐COVID‐19 patients. On the fourth day of ICU admission, 80% of the COVID‐19 patients and 40% of the non‐COVID‐19 patients had ICU‐AW. All COVID‐19 patients and 86.8% of the non‐COVID‐19 patients had ICU‐AW on the seventh day of ICU admission.

Conclusions

Decreased muscle strength and ICU‐AW are more likely in COVID‐19 patients who must stay in the ICU compared with non‐COVID‐19 patients.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Health systems should plan to provide rehabilitation facilities for COVID‐19 patients and prevent prolonged complications of COVID‐19.
Induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane in children: Curiosities and controversies
Authors: Lerman Jerrold
Published: July 2022

Inhalational inductions with sevoflurane (up to 8% inspired concentration) have been the standard for inducing anesthesia in children for over three decades. However, when sevoflurane was first introduced, clinicians reported isolated cases of unexpected myoclonic jerking movements during the induction in children without epilepsy. These cases raised concerns regarding the widespread use of sevoflurane particularly after reports of seizures and epileptiform electroencephalographic (EEG) discharges surfaced. The latter reports prompted recommendations to reduce the concentration of sevoflurane during induction of anesthesia. More recently, a shift away from the use of nitrous oxide has prompted some to question whether sevoflurane has a role as an induction agent in children. The preponderance of evidence supports the practice of safely inducing anesthesia with 8% sevoflurane with or without nitrous oxide in children but recommended strategies to mitigate against epileptiform discharges may be more harmful than beneficial.
Successful treatment of a child with MEK inhibitor‐induced acneiform eruption with low‐dose isotretinoin
Authors: Gupta Rohit , Craddock Megan F.
Published: July 2022

Selumetinib is a mitogen‐activated protein kinase/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase inhibitor (MEKi) approved to treat inoperable plexiform neurofibromas and used off‐label for low‐grade gliomas. Acneiform eruptions are a known complication of MEKi use, and in some cases, may lead to paused, dose‐reduced, or discontinued therapy. Isotretinoin has been reported as an effective treatment for acneiform eruptions secondary to targeted therapies, primarily in the adult population. Here we describe a pediatric patient with a severe acneiform eruption secondary to selumetinib who was successfully treated with low‐dose isotretinoin when unresponsive to conventional therapies.
Clinical overlap of PHACE and LUMBAR syndromes
Authors: Davenport Rachael , Su John C. , Nathalie Janice , Richmond Christopher M. , Yang Tan Tiong , Robertson Susan J.
Published: July 2022

Segmental infantile hemangiomas affecting the upper body are associated with PHACE(S) (Posterior fossa anomalies, Hemangioma, Arterial anomalies, Cardiac anomalies, Eye anomalies, and Sternal defects) syndrome, whereas segmental infantile hemangiomas affecting the lower body are the cutaneous hallmark of LUMBAR (Lower body hemangioma and other skin defects, Urogenital anomalies and Ulceration, Myelopathy, Bony deformities, Anorectal malformations and Arterial anomalies, and Renal anomalies) syndrome. We present two individuals with concurrent features of both PHACE and LUMBAR syndromes demonstrating an overlap phenotype. The overlapping features seen in our patients suggest that these syndromes occur on the same phenotypic spectrum and derive from a common embryonic pathophysiology.
Corporate venturing initiation: the examination of interfirm adaptation, sensemaking, and strategic reactiveness
Authors: Yu Pei‐Li , Fang Shih‐Chieh
Published: July 2022

The innovative outcomes of an ongoing collaborative relationship can encourage new corporate venturing. We propose that, during or after collaborative relationships, firms initiate new corporate ventures depending on the factor of interfirm adaptation, the mediating role of sensemaking, and the moderating factor of strategic reactiveness. The objectives of the analysis are achieved through the mediated moderation model this article describes; drawing on insights from the collective cognitive perspective, the study indicates that corporate ventures are initiated when interfirm adaptation interacts with a higher level of strategic reactiveness and with sensemaking as a mediator. The research findings provide important new implications for the broader domain of social cognitive theory.
Influence mechanisms of macro‐infrastructure on micro‐environments in the recirculating aquaculture system and biofloc technology system
Authors: Zhao YunPeng , Xue Boru , Bi Chunwei , Ren Xiaozhong , Liu Ying
Published: July 2022

Aquaculture intensification has emerged as a potential sustainable aquaculture strategy to contribute to the Food and Agriculture Organisation's United Nations Sustainable Development Goals associated with food security. Recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs) and biofloc technology systems (BFTs) are typical land‐based intensive aquaculture facility models that have been widely researched and applied. The rapid growth of both systems has boosted human nutrition and the regional economy but has also caused concerns about animal welfare, ecological protection, water treatment effectiveness and public health. One of the key links between aquaculture and ecological issues is the treatment of harmful particulates in wastewater, particularly organic metabolic microparticles. These microparticles are derived from decomposition waste feed, faeces and biofilm and provide a surface for bacterial growth and proliferation. The increase in microparticle abundance can directly affect bacterial activity and abundance and adversely affect the environment. Furthermore, the decomposition and motion of these particles are related to the mechanical stress caused by the water flow pattern in aquaculture tanks. The internal configurations of the tank can control the hydrodynamic characteristics, such as the water velocity, uniformity, pressure and turbulence in aquaculture tanks, and thus influence the morphology of particles. This review analyses and discusses how macro‐infrastructure influences the microenvironment in aquaculture tanks. These results provide a theoretical foundation and practical implications for improving the performance of aquaculture systems and environmental management in intensive aquaculture. It is concluded that optimisation of infrastructure design is key to improving the water flow patterns and self‐cleaning performance of tanks and achieving high efficiency of RASs and BFTs, and is critical for the fulfilment of the Sustainable Development Goals in aquaculture.
Re‐territorializing the city: Youth and the productive role of reggae music in Vanuatu
Authors: Kraemer Daniela , Stern Monika
Published: July 2022

In Vanuatu, the popularity of reggae music has been on the rise since the late 1980s. Today, reggae music and reggae culture is ubiquitous. For many young people in Port Vila, Vanuatu's capital city, it is a fundamental component of their sense of belonging to the city. Their attraction to reggae derives from its messages of camaraderie, equality and justice. This paper argues that for many urban youth, playing, consuming and sharing reggae music and culture instrumentalises their urban place‐making activities and helps reterritorialise themselves in urban spaces. Drawing on ethnographic research, we demonstrate the extent to which its lyrics and messages resonate with youth who feel they are unable to express their social, economic and political discontent through other mediums. Furthermore, we show how for many youth, reggae conveys a sense of hopefulness that emboldens them to build a new life or ‘father land’ for themselves and their children.
Identification of the novel HLA‐A*68:175:02 and ‐A*68:287 alleles in Indian individuals
Authors: Rajak Jyoti , Tambe Manisha , D'Silva Selma Z. , Singh Meenakshi
Published: July 2022

The novel alleles HLA‐A*68:175:02 and ‐A*68:287 each differ from ‐A*68:01:02:02 by a single nucleotide.
De novo emergence of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike mutations in immunosuppressed patients
Authors: Simons Lacy M. , Ozer Egon A. , Gambut Stephanie , Dean Taylor J. , Zhang Li , Bhimalli Pavan , Schneider Jeffrey R. , Mamede João I. , Ison Michael G. , Karmali Reem , Gordon Leo I. , Lorenzo‐Redondo Ramon , Hultquist Judd F.
Published: July 2022

Background

The continuing evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) variants with decreased susceptibility to neutralizing antibodies is of clinical importance. Several spike mutations associated with immune escape have evolved independently in association with different variants of concern (VOCs). How and when these mutations arise is still unclear. We hypothesized that such mutations might arise in the context of persistent viral replication in immunosuppressed hosts.

Methods

Nasopharyngeal specimens were collected longitudinally from two immunosuppressed patients with persistent SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Plasma was collected from these same patients late in disease course. SARS‐CoV‐2 whole genome sequencing was performed to assess the emergence and frequency of mutations over time. Select Spike mutations were assessed for their impact on viral entry and antibody neutralization in vitro.

Results

Our sequencing results revealed the intrahost emergence of spike mutations that are associated with circulating VOCs in both immunosuppressed patients (del241‐243 and E484Q in one patient, and E484K in the other). These mutations decreased antibody‐mediated neutralization of pseudotyped virus particles in cell culture, but also decreased efficiency of spike‐mediated cell entry.

Conclusions

These observations demonstrate the de novo emergence of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike mutations with enhanced immune evasion in immunosuppressed patients with persistent infection. These data suggest one potential mechanism for the evolution of VOCs and emphasize the importance of continued efforts to develop antiviral drugs for suppression of viral replication in hospitalized settings.
A three‐portal laparoscopic hysterectomy in a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) with a uterine manipulator and vessel sealing device
Authors: Sarvi Jasmine Y. , Gardhouse Sara M. , Berke Kara A. , Weber Rebeka L. , Hiebert Kara , Whittaker John H. , Kapaldo Nathaniel
Published: July 2022

Objective

To report the treatment and outcome of a a captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) undergoing 3‐portal laparoscopic hysterectomy. Additionally, the technique used for successful urinary catheterization is described.

Animals

A 29‐year‐old female intact chimpanzee with uterine bleeding.

Study design

Clinical case report.

Methods

Uterine changes consistent with adenomyosis and/or endometriosis were noted on abdominal ultrasonographic and computed tomographic examinations. A urinary catheter was placed before a 3‐portal laparoscopic hysterectomy with a uterine manipulator (VCare) and a vessel sealer (Ligasure). The uterus was submitted for histopathology.

Results

Preoperative urinary catheterization was achieved with several modifications and prevented bladder protrusion into the surgical field. Laparoscopy provided excellent visualization of the pelvic structures and VCare effectively maneuvered the uterus for a safe and efficient dissection. The use of the vessel sealer was effective, and bleeding was minimal. Anesthesia and surgery lasted 240 and 150 minutes, respectively. No complications were encountered. Histopathological changes of the uterus were consistent with adenomyosis and myometrial hyperplasia. The chimpanzee recovered uneventfully and returned to normal behavior with no recurrence of uterine bleeding 5 months after surgery.

Conclusion

The 3‐portal laparoscopic technique reported here allowed hysterectomy without complication in this chimpanzee. Urinary catheterization was technically challenging but successful.
Sky Radiation Decreases Thermal Mass Requirements to Achieve 100% Ambient Cooling in Hot US Climates
Authors: Keith Sharp M.
Published: July 2022

Ambient House is a building that maintains indoor temperature within a comfortable range by controlling gains and losses from ambient sources and utilizing thermal mass to moderate temperature changes when the sources are unavailable. Previously, necessary building characteristics were determined for passive solar as the heating source and ventilation as the cooling source in 11 US climate zones. (Sharp, M.K., 2012, “Indoor Comfort Achieved Exclusively from Ambient Sources Across US Climates,” ASME J. Sol. Energy Eng. 143, (6), p. 061005.) It was noted that in hot climates, such as Phoenix, AZ, there are long periods during which outdoor temperature is too warm for cooling, necessitating large thermal mass to avoid indoor overheating. In this article, thermal mass requirements are compared between sky radiation and nighttime ventilation cooling in all 16 US climate zones, including marine subzones 3C and 4C and very cold and subarctic zones 7 and 8. It is shown that sky radiation provides shorter intervals of cooling unavailability and allows much smaller thermal mass to achieve year-round indoor comfort in the hot climates of Las Vegas, Miami, New Orleans, and Phoenix, while it provides no significant benefits in cool climates, where thermal mass is dictated more by the need to slow the decrease in indoor temperature during cloudy periods in the winter. In Fairbanks, AK (zone 8), in particular, the lack of significant solar gains for almost 3 months during the winter requires large thermal mass to maintain indoor comfort. Minimal thermal mass is needed to meet the small summer cooling demand, and both sky and ventilation cooling are sufficient.
Comment on “ZnO/Ag/graphene transparent conductive oxide film with ultrathin Ag layer” [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 39, 052208 (2021)]
Authors: Zhu B. L.
Published: July 2022

In the paper [Fang et al., J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 39, 052208 (2021)], structure and transparent conductive properties of ZnO/Ag/graphene trilayer films with different thicknesses of the Ag layer were investigated. It was found that a continuous Ag layer could be formed at a layer thickness of 10.5 nm, and thus the ZnO/Ag (10.5 nm)/graphene trilayer film could achieve better transparent conductive properties. However, unfortunately, the data of carrier concentration and mobility obtained by the Hall effect for single-layer Ag and ZnO films as well as ZnO/Ag (10.5 nm)/graphene trilayer films have some clear errors that need to be addressed. The authors may consider correcting these errors, perhaps in an erratum.