bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Inducibility of Stackelberg Equilibrium for Security Games
Authors: Guo Qingyu , Gan Jiarui , Fang Fei , Tran-Thanh Long , Tambe Milind , An Bo
Published: September 2019

Strong Stackelberg equilibrium (SSE) is the standard solution concept of Stackelberg security games. As opposed to the weak Stackelberg equilibrium (WSE), the SSE assumes that the follower breaks ties in favor of the leader and this is widely acknowledged and justified by the assertion that the defender can often induce the attacker to choose a preferred action by making an infinitesimal adjustment to her strategy. Unfortunately, in security games with resource assignment constraints, the assertion might not be valid; it is possible that the defender cannot induce the desired outcome. As a result, many results claimed in the literature may be overly optimistic. To remedy, we first formally define the utility guarantee of a defender strategy and provide examples to show that the utility of SSE can be higher than its utility guarantee. Second, inspired by the analysis of leader’s payoff by Von Stengel and Zamir (2004), we provide the solution concept called the inducible Stackelberg equilibrium (ISE), which owns the highest utility guarantee and always exists. Third, we show the conditions when ISE coincides with SSE and the fact that in general case, SSE can be extremely worse with respect to utility guarantee. Moreover, introducing the ISE does not invalidate existing algorithmic results as the problem of computing an ISE polynomially reduces to that of computing an SSE. We also provide an algorithmic implementation for computing ISE, with which our experiments unveil the empirical advantage of the ISE over the SSE.
Solving Partially Observable Stochastic Games with Public Observations
Authors: Horák Karel , Bošanský Branislav
Published: September 2019

In many real-world problems, there is a dynamic interaction between competitive agents. Partially observable stochastic games (POSGs) are among the most general formal models that capture such dynamic scenarios. The model captures stochastic events, partial information of players about the environment, and the scenario does not have a fixed horizon. Solving POSGs in the most general setting is intractable.Therefore, the research has been focused on subclasses of POSGs that have a value of the game and admit designing (approximate) optimal algorithms. We propose such a subclass for two-player zero-sum games with discounted-sum objective function—POSGs with public observations (POPOSGs)—where each player is able to reconstruct beliefs of the other player over the unobserved states. Our results include: (1) theoretical analysis of PO-POSGs and their value functions showing convexity (concavity) in beliefs of maximizing (minimizing) player, (2) a novel algorithm for approximating the value of the game, and (3) a practical demonstration of scalability of our algorithm. Experimental results show that our algorithm can closely approximate the value of non-trivial games with hundreds of states.
Object Reachability via Swaps along a Line
Authors: Huang Sen , Xiao Mingyu
Published: September 2019

The HOUSING MARKET problem is a widely studied resources allocation problem. In this problem, each agent can only receive a single object and has preferences over all objects. Starting from an initial endowment, we want to reach a certain assignment via a sequence of rational trades. We consider the problem whether an object is reachable for a given agent under a social network, where a trade between two agents is allowed if they are neighbors in the network and no participant has a deficit from the trade. Assume that the preferences of the agents are strict (no tie is allowed). This problem is polynomially solvable in a star-network and NPcomplete in a tree-network. It is left as a challenging open problem whether the problem is polynomially solvable when the network is a path. We answer this open problem positively by giving a polynomial-time algorithm. Furthermore, we show that the problem on a path will become NP-hard when the preferences of the agents are weak (ties are allowed).
Forming Probably Stable Communities with Limited Interactions
Authors: Igarashi Ayumi , Sliwinski Jakub , Zick Yair
Published: September 2019

A community needs to be partitioned into disjoint groups; each community member has an underlying preference over the groups that they would want to be a member of. We are interested in finding a stable community structure: one where no subset of members S wants to deviate from the current structure. We model this setting as a hedonic game, where players are connected by an underlying interaction network, and can only consider joining groups that are connected subgraphs of the underlying graph. We analyze the relation between network structure, and one’s capability to infer statistically stable (also known as PAC stable) player partitions from data. We show that when the interaction network is a forest, one can efficiently infer PAC stable coalition structures. Furthermore, when the underlying interaction graph is not a forest, efficient PAC stabilizability is no longer achievable. Thus, our results completely characterize when one can leverage the underlying graph structure in order to compute PAC stable outcomes for hedonic games. Finally, given an unknown underlying interaction network, we show that it is NP-hard to decide whether there exists a forest consistent with data samples from the network.
Heuristic Voting as Ordinal Dominance Strategies
Authors: Lev Omer , Meir Reshef , Obraztsova Svetlana , Polukarov Maria
Published: September 2019

Decision making under uncertainty is a key component of many AI settings, and in particular of voting scenarios where strategic agents are trying to reach a joint decision. The common approach to handle uncertainty is by maximizing expected utility, which requires a cardinal utility function as well as detailed probabilistic information. However, often such probabilities are not easy to estimate or apply.To this end, we present a framework that allows for “shades of gray” of likelihood without probabilities. Specifically, we create a hierarchy of sets of world states based on a prospective poll, with inner sets contain more likely outcomes. This hierarchy of likelihoods allows us to define what we term ordinally-dominated strategies. We use this approach to justify various known voting heuristics as bounded-rational strategies.
Strong Equivalence for Epistemic Logic Programs Made Easy
Authors: Faber Wolfgang , Morak Michael , Woltran Stefan
Published: September 2019

Epistemic Logic Programs (ELPs), that is, Answer Set Programming (ASP) extended with epistemic operators, have received renewed interest in recent years, which led to a flurry of new research, as well as efficient solvers. An important question is under which conditions a sub-program can be replaced by another one without changing the meaning, in any context. This problem is known as strong equivalence, and is well-studied for ASP. For ELPs, this question has been approached by embedding them into epistemic extensions of equilibrium logics. In this paper, we consider a simpler, more direct characterization that is directly applicable to the language used in state-of-the-art ELP solvers. This also allows us to give tight complexity bounds, showing that strong equivalence for ELPs remains coNP-complete, as for ASP. We further use our results to provide syntactic characterizations for tautological rules and rule subsumption for ELPs.
A Sequential Set Generation Method for Predicting Set-Valued Outputs
Authors: Gao Tian , Chen Jie , Chenthamarakshan Vijil , Witbrock Michael
Published: September 2019

Consider a general machine learning setting where the output is a set of labels or sequences. This output set is unordered and its size varies with the input. Whereas multi-label classification methods seem a natural first resort, they are not readily applicable to set-valued outputs because of the growth rate of the output space; and because conventional sequence generation doesn’t reflect sets’ order-free nature. In this paper, we propose a unified framework—sequential set generation (SSG)—that can handle output sets of labels and sequences. SSG is a meta-algorithm that leverages any probabilistic learning method for label or sequence prediction, but employs a proper regularization such that a new label or sequence is generated repeatedly until the full set is produced. Though SSG is sequential in nature, it does not penalize the ordering of the appearance of the set elements and can be applied to a variety of set output problems, such as a set of classification labels or sequences. We perform experiments with both benchmark and synthetic data sets and demonstrate SSG’s strong performance over baseline methods.
Ontology-Based Query Answering for Probabilistic Temporal Data
Authors: Koopmann Patrick
Published: September 2019

We investigate ontology-based query answering for data that are both temporal and probabilistic, which might occur in contexts such as stream reasoning or situation recognition with uncertain data. We present a framework that allows to represent temporal probabilistic data, and introduce a query language with which complex temporal and probabilistic patterns can be described. Specifically, this language combines conjunctive queries with operators from linear time logic as well as probability operators. We analyse the complexities of evaluating queries in this language in various settings. While in some cases, combining the temporal and the probabilistic dimension in such a way comes at the cost of increased complexity, we also determine cases for which this increase can be avoided.
SAT-Based Explicit LTLf Satisfiability Checking
Authors: Li Jianwen , Rozier Kristin Y. , Pu Geguang , Zhang Yueling , Vardi Moshe Y.
Published: September 2019

We present a SAT-based framework for LTLf (Linear Temporal Logic on Finite Traces) satisfiability checking. We use propositional SAT-solving techniques to construct a transition system for the input LTLf formula; satisfiability checking is then reduced to a path-search problem over this transition system. Furthermore, we introduce CDLSC (Conflict-Driven LTLf Satisfiability Checking), a novel algorithm that leverages information produced by propositional SAT solvers from both satisfiability and unsatisfiability results. Experimental evaluations show that CDLSC outperforms all other existing approaches for LTLf satisfiability checking, by demonstrating an approximate four-fold speed-up compared to the second-best solver.
Less but Better: Generalization Enhancement of Ordinal Embedding via Distributional Margin
Authors: Ma Ke , Xu Qianqian , Yang Zhiyong , Cao Xiaochun
Published: September 2019

In the absence of prior knowledge, ordinal embedding methods obtain new representation for items in a low-dimensional Euclidean space via a set of quadruple-wise comparisons. These ordinal comparisons often come from human annotators, and sufficient comparisons induce the success of classical approaches. However, collecting a large number of labeled data is known as a hard task, and most of the existing work pay little attention to the generalization ability with insufficient samples. Meanwhile, recent progress in large margin theory discloses that rather than just maximizing the minimum margin, both the margin mean and variance, which characterize the margin distribution, are more crucial to the overall generalization performance. To address the issue of insufficient training samples, we propose a margin distribution learning paradigm for ordinal embedding, entitled Distributional Margin based Ordinal Embedding (DMOE). Precisely, we first define the margin for ordinal embedding problem. Secondly, we formulate a concise objective function which avoids maximizing margin mean and minimizing margin variance directly but exhibits the similar effect. Moreover, an Augmented Lagrange Multiplier based algorithm is customized to seek the optimal solution of DMOE effectively. Experimental studies on both simulated and realworld datasets are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
On Limited Conjunctions and Partial Features in Parameter-Tractable Feature Logics
Authors: McIntyre Stephanie , Borgida Alexander , Toman David , Weddell Grant
Published: September 2019

Standard reasoning problems are complete for EXPTIME in common feature-based description logics—ones in which all roles are restricted to being functions. We show how to control conjunctions on left-hand-sides of subsumptions and use this restriction to develop a parameter-tractable algorithm for reasoning about knowledge base consistency. We then show how the resulting logic can simulate partial features, and present algorithms for efficient query answering in that setting.
Amalgamating Knowledge towards Comprehensive Classification
Authors: Shen Chengchao , Wang Xinchao , Song Jie , Sun Li , Song Mingli
Published: September 2019

With the rapid development of deep learning, there have been an unprecedentedly large number of trained deep network models available online. Reusing such trained models can significantly reduce the cost of training the new models from scratch, if not infeasible at all as the annotations used for the training original networks are often unavailable to public. We propose in this paper to study a new model-reusing task, which we term as knowledge amalgamation. Given multiple trained teacher networks, each of which specializes in a different classification problem, the goal of knowledge amalgamation is to learn a lightweight student model capable of handling the comprehensive classification. We assume no other annotations except the outputs from the teacher models are available, and thus focus on extracting and amalgamating knowledge from the multiple teachers. To this end, we propose a pilot two-step strategy to tackle the knowledge amalgamation task, by learning first the compact feature representations from teachers and then the network parameters in a layer-wise manner so as to build the student model. We apply this approach to four public datasets and obtain very encouraging results: even without any human annotation, the obtained student model is competent to handle the comprehensive classification task and in most cases outperforms the teachers in individual sub-tasks.
On Completing Sparse Knowledge Base with Transitive Relation Embedding
Authors: Zhou Zili , Liu Shaowu , Xu Guandong , Zhang Wu
Published: September 2019

Multi-relation embedding is a popular approach to knowledge base completion that learns embedding representations of entities and relations to compute the plausibility of missing triplet. The effectiveness of embedding approach depends on the sparsity of KB and falls for infrequent entities that only appeared a few times. This paper addresses this issue by proposing a new model exploiting the entity-independent transitive relation patterns, namely Transitive Relation Embedding (TRE). The TRE model alleviates the sparsity problem for predicting on infrequent entities while enjoys the generalisation power of embedding. Experiments on three public datasets against seven baselines showed the merits of TRE in terms of knowledge base completion accuracy as well as computational complexity.
Characterization of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized usingAmaranthus cruentus
Authors: Baghani Mohsen , Es-haghi Ali
Published: September 2019

The use of plant extracts is a low-cost and green way to synthesize nanoparticles. In this research, the authors investigated the antibacterial, cytotoxic and antiangiogenic properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized using Amaranthus cruentus extract. The fabricated nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and X-ray diffraction. The TEM results showed that the typical size of the AgNPs recorded was 15 nm. Biological tests indicated that the biosynthesized AgNPs had caused a decrease in cancerous cells (MCF-7) and had a high antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. According to data analysis, the number and length of the blood vessels in different concentrations of AgNPs reduced significantly (depending on the dose). The chorioallantoic membrane assay revealed a large decrease in the number and length of angiogenic blood vessels in the presence of AgNPs. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry studies showed a dramatic increase in the gene expression of caspase-3 and caspase-8.
Serious Illness Treatment Preferences for Older Adults with Advanced CKD
Authors: Baddour Nicolas Awad , Siew Edward D. , Robinson-Cohen Cassianne , Salat Huzaifah , Mason Olivia J. , Stewart Thomas G. , Karlekar Mohana , El-Sourady Maie H. , Lipworth Loren , Abdel-Kader Khaled
Published: September 2019

Significance Statement

Effective advance care planning is a national priority for nephrologists. Yet, multiple barriers stymie patient–provider communication about treatment goals and patient preferences, including limited provider time and reluctance to initiate these conversations. This study examined a single-item measure eliciting patients’ treatment preference when confronted with a serious illness. This simple measure associated with two validated tools measuring health outcome priorities as well as acceptability of hypothetical end-of-life scenarios, including chronic dialysis. These results suggest that the serious illness treatment preference question is an efficient measure that can serve as an important point of entry for initiating goals-of-care communication and discussing the trade-offs of aggressive treatments (e.g., dialysis) with respect to patients’ overarching goals.

Background

Patient-centered care for older adults with CKD requires communication about patient’s values, goals of care, and treatment preferences. Eliciting this information requires tools that patients understand and that enable effective communication about their care preferences.

Methods

Nephrology clinic patients age ≥60 years with stage 4 or 5 nondialysis-dependent CKD selected one of four responses to the question, “If you had a serious illness, what would be important to you?” Condensed versions of the options were, “Live as long as possible;” “Try treatments, but do not suffer;” “Focus on comfort;” or “Unsure.” Patients also completed a validated health outcome prioritization tool and an instrument determining the acceptability of end-of-life scenarios. Patient responses to the three tools were compared.

Results

Of the 382 participants, 35% (n=134) selected “Try treatments, but do not suffer;” 33% (n=126) chose “Focus on comfort;” 20% (n=75) opted for “Live as long as possible;” and 12% (n=47) selected “Unsure.” Answers were associated with patients’ first health outcome priority and acceptability of end-of-life scenarios. One third of patients with a preference to “Focus on comfort” reported that a life on dialysis would not be worth living compared with 5% of those who chose “Live as long as possible” (P<0.001). About 90% of patients agreed to share their preferences with their providers.

Conclusions

Older adults with advanced CKD have diverse treatment preferences and want to share them. A single treatment preference question correlated well with longer, validated health preference tools and may provide a point of entry for discussions about patient’s treatment goals.
Intradialytic Cerebral Hypoperfusion as Mechanism for Cognitive Impairment in Patients on Hemodialysis
Authors: Wolfgram Dawn F.
Published: September 2019

The high frequency of cognitive impairment in individuals on hemodialysis is well characterized. In-center hemodialysis patients are disproportionately affected by cognitive impairment compared with other dialysis populations, identifying hemodialysis itself as a possible factor. The pathophysiology of cognitive impairment has multiple components, but vascular-mediated cerebral injury appears to contribute based on studies demonstrating increased cerebral ischemic lesions and atrophy in brain imaging of patients on hemodialysis. Patients on hemodialysis may be at increased risk for cerebral ischemic injury disease due to vasculopathy associated with ESKD and from their comorbid diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes. This review focuses on the intradialytic cerebral hypoperfusion that can occur during routine hemodialysis due to the circulatory stress of hemodialysis. This includes a review of current methods used to monitor intradialytic cerebral perfusion and the structural and functional cognitive outcomes that have been associated with changes in intradialytic cerebral perfusion. Monitoring of intradialytic cerebral perfusion may become clinically relevant as nephrologists try to avoid the cognitive complications seen with hemodialysis. Identifying the appropriate methods to assess risk for cerebral ischemic injury and the relationship of intradialytic cerebral hypoperfusion to cognitive outcomes will help inform the decision to use intradialytic cerebral perfusion monitoring in the clinical setting as part of a strategy to prevent cognitive decline.
Investigation of Upper Respiratory Tract Pathologies in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: KONAK Murat , ERDUR Ömer , KILINÇ Muhammed Yaşar , SOYLU Hanifi
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimRespiratory diseases
are very common in neonatal intensive care units, but most of them are
respiratory distress syndrome with lower respiratory pathologies, transient
tachypnea of ​​newborn and meconium aspiration syndrome. Following the advances
in neonatalology science, the survival of more babies and taking respiratory
support for a longer period of time leads to possible upper respiratory tract
pathologies in these babies. In addition, congenital anomalies are common in
our country, where consanguineous marriages are still very common. In this
study, we aimed to present the upper respiratory tract pathologies followed by
congenital and acquired causes and to raise awareness of these dangerous
diseases which are sometimes overlooked.Materials
and MethodsIn this study, files of
patients hospitalized in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Selçuk
University Medical Faculty between 2016-2019 were reviewed retrospectively.ResultsDuring this period,
approximately 1800 babies were followed. 340 of these infants were asked to
consult from Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery with a
preliminary diagnosis of upper respiratory tract pathology. Coanal atresia in 6
cases, vocal cord paralysis in 20 cases, subglottic stenosis in 2 cases and
laryngomalacia in 14 cases were detected.Conclusion

In the light of the
developments in NICUs, more premature babies live and infants with severe
congenital anomalies, especially congenital heart disease, are frequently
undergone surgical procedures. As a result of these conditions, it is thought
that upper respiratory tract pathology should be considered in the follow-up of
the patients or in the post-operative period.
Isolation of Klebsiella strains from human or animal fecal material v1
Authors: Brisse Sylvain , Passet Virginie , Rodrigues Carla
Published: September 2019

This protocol is intended for isolation of Klebsiella strains from human or animal fecal material. It is derived from the initial description of the SCAi medium (van Kregten E, Westerdaal, N. A. C., and Willers, J. M. N. New, simple medium for selective recovery of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca from human feces. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 1984;20:936-41) and its validation across a diversity of Klebsiella strains (Passet V, Brisse S. 2015. Association of tellurite resistance with hypervirulent clonal groups of Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Clin Microbiol. 53(4):1380-2). The protocol entails enrichment using ampicillin-containing broth, and plating on SCAi (Simmons Citrate with Inositol) agar.
MojoSort™ Mouse anti-APC Nanobeads Column Protocol v1
Authors: Li Sam
Published: September 2019

BioLegend MojoSort™ nanobeads work in commonly used separation columns, based on our internal research as well as validation by external testing by academic labs. This simple protocol consists of following the MojoSort™ protocol to label the cells with pre-diluted MojoSort™ reagents and using the columns as indicated by the manufacturer. Note: Due to the properties of our beads, it may be possible to use far fewer beads than with other commercial suppliers. We recommend a titration to find the best dilution factor. However, as a general rule, dilutions ranging from 1:3 to 1:20 for the Nanobeads can be used. Please contact BioLegend Technical Service (tech@biolegend.com) if further assistance is needed.
MojoSort™ Nanobeads Column Protocol - 1 v1
Authors: Li Sam
Published: September 2019

BioLegend MojoSort™ nanobeads work in commonly used separation columns, based on our internal research as well as validation by external testing by academic labs. This simple protocol consists of following the MojoSort™ protocol to label the cells with pre-diluted MojoSort™ reagents and using the columns as indicated by the manufacturer. Note: Due to the properties of our beads, it may be possible to use far fewer beads that with other commercial suppliers. We recommend a titration to find the best dilution factor. However, as a general rule, dilutions ranging from 1:3 to 1:20 for the Nanobeads can be used. Please contact BioLegend Technical Service (tech@biolegend.com) if further assistance is needed.
MojoSort™ Nanobeads Column Protocol - 2 v2
Authors: Li Sam
Published: September 2019

BioLegend MojoSort™ nanobeads work in commonly used separation columns, based on our internal research as well as validation by external testing by academic labs. This simple protocol consists of following the MojoSort™ protocol to label the cells with pre-diluted MojoSort™ reagents and using the columns as indicated by the manufacturer. Note: Due to the properties of our beads, it may be possible to use far fewer beads that with other commercial suppliers. We recommend a titration to find the best dilution factor. However, as a general rule, dilutions ranging from 1:3 to 1:20 for the Nanobeads can be used. Please contact BioLegend Technical Service (tech@biolegend.com) if further assistance is needed.
MojoSort™ Mouse anti-PE Nanobeads Column Protocol v1
Authors: Li Sam
Published: September 2019

BioLegend MojoSort™ nanobeads work in commonly used separation columns, based on our internal research as well as validation by external testing by academic labs. This simple protocol consists of following the MojoSort™ protocol to label the cells with pre-diluted MojoSort™ reagents and using the columns as indicated by the manufacturer. Note: Due to the properties of our beads, it may be possible to use far fewer beads that with other commercial suppliers. We recommend a titration to find the best dilution factor. However, as a general rule, dilutions ranging from 1:3 to 1:20 for the Nanobeads can be used. Please contact BioLegend Technical Service (tech@biolegend.com) if further assistance is needed.
MojoSort™ Human anti-APC Nanobeads Column Protocol v1
Authors: Li Sam
Published: September 2019

BioLegend MojoSort™ nanobeads work in commonly used separation columns, based on our internal research as well as validation by external testing by academic labs. This simple protocol consists of following the MojoSort™ protocol to label the cells with pre-diluted MojoSort™ reagents and using the columns as indicated by the manufacturer. Note: Due to the properties of our beads, it may be possible to use far fewer beads than with other commercial suppliers. We recommend a titration to find the best dilution factor. However, as a general rule, dilutions ranging from 1:3 to 1:20 for the Nanobeads can be used. Please contact BioLegend Technical Service (tech@biolegend.com) if further assistance is needed.
Legume-rhizobia interactions in a complex microbiome v1
Authors: Chia Ming-Dao
Published: September 2019

Contains all documented protocols used for Ming-Dao Chia's Honours project, "Legume-rhizobia interactions in a complex microbiome"
Quality Assessment of Human Anatomy Websites for High School Students: a Reflection in the Teaching Practice
Authors: Nóbrega Thaynan Escarião , Pereira Dayanne Melquíades , Da Silva Maria Katia Cordeiro , Silva Lorena De Sousa , Dias da Silva Marco Antonio , Pereira Andresa Costa
Published: September 2019

The internet is a study tool for high school students, however, its content can be disqualified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability, interactivity and use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) by human anatomy websites focused on high school. Ten independent searches were performed on Google® using keywords related to the organic systems. Out of one hundred web links (first ten resulted from each system), only the websites containing information for high school (56%) were analysed. Most of them had good interactivity, however, low reliability and scarcity of ICT tools. The websites “Toda Matéria” and “Só Biologia” were highly punctuated according to the previous criteria. It was concluded that the student has difficulty in finding a reliable human anatomy website focused on high school. It is important a conjunct action of teachers, school and government to improve the use of technology and enhance the Brazilian high school.
O papel do Pibid em Diferentes Ações do Estágio Curricular Supervisionado: Perspectivas de Futuros Professores
Authors: Rodrigues André Lima , Rodrigues Paulo Henrique , Cyrino Márcia Cristina Costa Trindade
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar as influências das ações do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência de Matemática – Pibid nas diferentes fases do Estágio Curricular Obrigatório Supervisionado – ECS (estágio de observação, elaboração dos planos de oficina, estágio de regência e elaboração do relatório final), na perspectiva de futuros professores que participam do programa. Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa de cunho interpretativo a partir de entrevistas realizadas com estudantes pibidianos do curso de licenciatura em Matemática da Universidade Estadual de Londrina – UEL. Os resultados revelam que as ações do Pibid orientaram reflexões no decorrer de diferentes fases do ECS, nomeadamente aquelas a respeito: do estar na sala de aula, dos conteúdos matemáticos, dos processos de ensino e de aprendizagem de Matemática, do papel do professor nesses processos e das ações do professor. Tais reflexões ampliaram as discussões presentes nas etapas do ECS e permitiram, ao articular teoria e prática, um aprofundamento de conhecimentos necessários aos futuros professores. Evidencia-se, assim, a necessidade de se valorizarem as políticas públicas de inserção de futuros professores na Educação Básica, como o Pibid, que potencializam aspectos importantes da formação de professores de Matemática.Palavras-chave: Educação Matemática. Formação de Professores de Matemática. Estágio Curricular Supervisionado.AbstractThe purpose of this article is to analyze the influence of the actions of the Institutional Program of Initiation Scholarship to the Teaching ofMathematics - Pibid in the different phases of the Student Teaching (observation stage, preparation of workshop plans, teach, of the finalreport) from the perspective of future teachers participating in the program. A qualitative research of an interpretive nature was carried outfrom interviews with pibidian students of the degree course in Mathematics of the State University of Londrina - UEL. The results reveal thatthe actions of Pibid guided reflections in the course of different phases of the SI, namely reflections on: being in the classroom, mathematicalknowledge, teaching and learning processes in Mathematics, the role of the teacher in these processes, and teacher actions. Such reflectionsbroadened the discussions in the stages of SI and allowed a deepening of knowledge needed for future teachers, articulating theory andpractice. We highlight the need to value the public policies of insertion of future teachers in Basic Education, such as the Pibid, that potentiateimportant aspects of mathematics teacher education.Keywords: Mathematics Education. Mathematics Teacher Education. Student Teaching.
A Formação para a Docência no Contexto do PIBID1 de Matemática da Universidade de Brasília
Authors: Neves Regina Da Silva Pina , Pires Leonardo Gomes
Published: September 2019

Este estudo analisa as produções escritas de escolares da educação básica, elaboradas a partir das atividades desenvolvidas no contexto do PIBID de matemática da Universidade de Brasília, com os seguintes objetivos: 1) compreender os processos de conceituação matemática de escolares da educação básica, revelados em suas produções escritas e, 2) compreender como a análise da produção escrita de escolares da educação básica desenvolve licenciandos para a mediação em processos de conceituação matemática. Participaram do estudo 13 escolares do 3º ano do Ensino Médio (17 anos) de Escola Pública e 1 licenciando de Matemática da UnB (21 anos). Os escolares tiveram encontros semanais de duas horas com o referido licenciando, totalizando 26 horas, em atividades que abordam conceitos de simetria, noções de probabilidade e funções. Os resultados mostraram que os escolares apresentaram escrita matemática e em língua portuguesa incoerentes com o ano escolar em questão e dificuldades conceituais relacionadas aos conceitos abordados. Diante disso, o licenciando desenvolveu novas estratégias metodológicas e o discurso mediacional a fim de auxiliar os escolares na superação das dificuldades, por meio da análise constante da produção escrita revelada nos encontros. Desse modo, a análise da produção escrita de escolares mostrou-se fundamental para o processo de formação inicial em curso.Palavras-chave: Produção Escrita. Formação Inicial. Docência. Matemática.AbstractThis study analyzes the written productions of elementary school students, based on the activities developed in the context of PIBID of Mathematics at the University of Brasilia, with the following objectives: 1) to understand the processes of mathematical conceptualization of primary school students revealed in their written productions e, 2) to understand how the analysis of written production of elementary school students develops the licenciando for mediation in processes of mathematical conceptualization. The study included 13 students from the 3rd year of high school (17 years) of public school and 1 bachelor of mathematics from UnB (21 years). The students had weekly meetings of two hours with the mentioned licenciando, totalizing 26 hours, in activities that approach concepts of symmetry, notions of probability and functions. The results showed that the students presented in mathematical and in Portuguese language incoherent writing with the school year in question and conceptual difficulties related to the concepts addressed. Thus, the licenciando developed new methodological strategies and the mediational discourse in order to help the students in overcoming the difficulties, through the constant analysis of the written production revealed in the meetings. Thus, the analysis of the written production of schoolchildren has proved to be fundamental to the process of initial formation in progress.Keywords: Written production. Inicial formation. Teaching Mathematics.
Who Are “Chinese” Speakers in the United States?: Examining Differences in Socioeconomic Outcomes and Language Identities
Authors: Cooc North , Leung Genevieve
Published: September 2019

Calls to disaggregate data on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) overlook heterogeneity in experiences and outcomes within AAPI subgroups. Using national data from the American Community Survey, this study examines socioeconomic differences among Chinese Americans in terms of language identity. The results indicate the most frequently identified home languages among Chinese speakers are Formosan, Mandarin, Cantonese, and simply “Chinese.” The groups differ in representation depending on state residency and citizenship, while Cantonese speakers have the lowest levels of English proficiency and educational attainment. The strongest predictor of each language group is birthplace. The study has implications for serving disadvantaged and overlooked Chinese American subpopulations in the United States.
Trastorno por Déficit de Atención/Hiperactividad en el ámbito de la Educación Física: un reto docente hacia la atención a la diversidad en el aula
Authors: Rodríguez Fernández José Eugenio , Rivadas Porteiro Milagros , Radío Rioseco David
Published: September 2019

El término TDAH, siglas de Trastorno por Déficit de Atención/Hiperactividad, un trastorno del neurodesarrollo originado en la infancia, está cada vez más presente en las aulas de Educación Primaria y, sin embargo, no todos los docentes tienen la formación suficiente para dar respuesta a este tipo de problemáticas y dar respuesta a las necesidades del alumnado. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la formación del docente especialista en Educación Física en relación a la atención a la diversidad y, en particular, sobre alumnado con TDAH. Participan en el estudio 14 docentes especialistas de 14 centros (públicos y concertados) del casco urbano de la Ciudad de Santiago de Compostela en los que se imparte Educación Primaria, empleando un cuestionario Ad Hoc como instrumento de recogida de datos. Los resultados nos muestran carencias en la formación del profesorado en el ámbito de la atención a la diversidad, acentuado en aquellos profesionales con más experiencia y, por lo tanto, pertenecientes a antiguos planes de estudio que conducen a la obtención del título de maestro/a en Educación Primaria. Si bien el ámbito de la atención a la diversidad es muy amplio y las materias formativas en el plan de estudios universitarios son muy reducidas, se hace necesario un plan de formación continua, reciclaje y autoformación por parte de los especialistas en Educación Física, aspecto que mejorará su intervención en el aula con el alumnado que presente necesidades educativas especiales.
¿Es esto Educación Física?: el tiempo de compromiso motor en Educación Primaria
Authors: López-Taveras Adrián , Moya-Mata Irene
Published: September 2019

La Educación Física ha de promover el desarrollo de hábitos de vida saludables y la prevención de enfermedades como la obesidad infantil. Para ello es necesario conocer el tiempo que el alumnado está en movimiento realizando actividad física en nuestras clases. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el tiempo de compromiso motor (TCM) en las sesiones de Educación Física (EF) en la etapa de Educación Primaria (EP). La muestra estuvo formada por 38 participantes de 1º y 5º curso. En total, se registraron nueve sesiones de EF impartidas por un único maestro especialista mediante una hoja de registro elaborada ad hoc. Los resultados muestran bajos valores de TCM en ambos cursos, siendo la media en primer curso de un 28,53% y en quinto curso de un 27,05%. Por lo que el TCM en el primer curso es mayor que en quinto. Lo que supone que algo más del 70% del tiempo de sesión no se destina a la práctica motriz. Es necesario que los docentes de EF reflexionen no sólo sobre la cantidad de tiempo en las sesiones de EF, sino también en la calidad de éste, tratando de aumentar el TCM a través de tareas específicas que encaminen al alumnado a mejorar los hábitos de vida saludables.
Estudio de la carga interna y externa a través de diferentes instrumentos. Un estudio de casos en fútbol formativo
Authors: Gómez-Carmona Carlos David , Gamonales-Puerto José Martín , Feu Sebastián , Ibáñez Sergio José
Published: September 2019

Los dispositivos tecnológicos utilizados actualmente para registrar carga externa e interna no son accesibles al fútbol formativo por su alto coste económico. Por ello, herramientas para cuantificar la carga y categorizar las tareas son muy útiles para el proceso de entrenamiento. Por tanto, los objetivos del presente trabajo son: (1) identificar las diferencias en la carga objetiva en función de las variables de carga externa subjetiva y (2) analizar la relación entre ambos métodos de cuantificación. 157 tareas realizadas por un equipo de 20 jugadores juveniles fueron analizadas. La recogida de datos se realizó mediante: (a) carga objetiva, dispositivos inerciales WIMUTM y (b) carga subjetiva, Sistema Integral para el Análisis de las Tareas de Entrenamiento (SIATE). El análisis estadístico estuvo compuesto por ANOVA de un factor con el post-hoc Bonferroni y la prueba de correlación de Pearson. Los principales resultados indican que existe influencia de las variables de carga subjetiva en las variables de carga objetiva (p<.05), excepto en el porcentaje de ejecutantes simultáneos (p>.05), encontrando una alta correlación entre ellas (r>.84). Las características de las tareas modifican de forma directa las demandas de carga, siendo herramientas subjetivas como SIATE útiles para su registro ante la ausencia de material tecnológico.
El rol de la resiliencia en la asociación entre la actividad física deportiva y aspectos académicos en escolares
Authors: Ramírez-Granizo Irwin Andrés , Alonso-Vargas José Manuel , San Román Mata Silvia , Ubago-Jiménez José Luis , Martínez-Martínez Asunción
Published: September 2019

El concepto de resiliencia se define como el conjunto de cualidades intrínsecas que un individuo posee para poder superar situaciones adversas. En los últimos años se ha demostrado que esta capacidad puede ser trabajada y mejorada a partir de la práctica de actividad física y el deporte, siendo un campo de investigación de sumo interés. Este estudio tiene como objetivo principal analizar la relación existente entre los niveles de resiliencia, la práctica de actividad física y variables académicas (haber repetido o no), en una muestra de escolares. Para ello se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en una muestra compuesta por 320 escolares (11,25 ± 0,53), que cursaban tercer ciclo de Primaria. Como principales resultados, la dimensión que muestra un mayor nivel de resiliencia es la de persistencia, seguida de control bajo presión y adaptabilidad donde en ésta última el género femenino destaco por encima del masculino. Asimismo, destaca que aquellos sujetos que realizaban mayor actividad física presentaban características más resilientes que los que no hacían ejercicio físico. En la variable académica, hay una asociación entre los participantes más resilientes y no haber repetido curso. A partir de dicho estudio se revela como practicar actividad física ayuda a incrementar la capacidad resiliente debido a que su práctica ayuda a aceptar positivamente los cambios y esto a su vez puede influir en el rendimiento académico.
Stem cells and mesenchymal stem cell markers
Authors: Mihaylova Zornitsa
Published: September 2019

Stem cells are undifferentiated cell type characterized by colonogenic ability, self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation. They are classified into the following categories: embryonic stem cells [ESC], somatic stem cells [or adult stem cells] and induced pluripotent stem cells [iPSC]. Stem cells represent area of interest for wide range of scientists, as they are promising tool for regenerative therapy. Their differentiation ability is significantly affected by various factors of the local environment. Additional research will provide more information about the optimal cell culture conditions when stem cells are cultivated for clinical purpose, to avoid side effects like uncontrolled cell proliferation and premature differentiation.
Content Validation of the Arabic Translation of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index-Revised
Authors: Ambani Zainab , Al-Hamdan Zaid , Al-Touby Salem , Ghanim Amani , Al Jarameez Faiza , Squires Allison
Published: September 2019

Background and Purpose

There is no reliable and valid version of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index-Revised (PES-NWI-R) in Arabic. The purpose of this study was to describe the systematic instrument translation and validation of the PES-NWI-R.

Methods

Using the Content Validity Indexing-based approach, 32 expert nurses from four countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (Jordan, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates) participated in the validation of this translation.

Results

The content validity index score of the overall scale was excellent (0.87 for the relevancy, and 0.95 for the quality of Arabic translation).

Conclusion

Our study supported the content validity of the Arabic version of the instrument which provided the first valid Arabic translation of the instrument.
Development of a Tool for the Assessment of Nurses' Attitudes Toward Delirium
Authors: Papastavrou Evridiki , Papaioannou Maria , Evripidou Melina , Tsangari Haritini , Kouta Christiana , Merkouris Anastasios
Published: September 2019

Background and Purpose

The prevalence of delirium during hospitalization is high in older patients and there is evidence of staff regarding them as unpopular or a burden. This study aims to develop an instrument examining nurses' attitudes toward patients with delirium.

Methods

Stages included (a) content identification, (b) content development, (c) content critique, (e) pilot study with a test–retest reliability, (f) field study consisting of psychometric testing of the internal consistency and construct validity.

Results

The Cronbach's alpha was 0.89 and the stability reliability was acceptable. The factor analysis resulted in three factors explaining a total of 56.5% of the variance. hese factors are “beliefs,” “behavior,” and “emotions,” explaining 37.025%, 12.792%, and 5.652% of variance.

Conclusions

The Attitude Tool of Delirium (ATOD) is a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of attitudes toward delirium.
A Comparison of Missing-Data Imputation Techniques in Exploratory Factor Analysis
Authors: Xiao Canhua , Bruner Deborah W. , Dai Tian , Guo Ying , Hanlon Alexandra
Published: September 2019

Background and Purpose

To compare the effects of missing-data imputation techniques, mean imputation, group mean imputation, regression imputation, and multiple imputation (MI), on the results of exploratory factor analysis under different missing assumptions.

Methods

Missing data with different missing assumptions were generated from true data. The quality of imputed data was examined by correlation coefficients. Factor structures were compared indirectly by coefficients of congruence and directly by factor structures.

Results

MI had the best quality and matching factor structure to the true data for all missing assumptions with different missing rates. Mean imputation had the least favorable results in factor analysis. The imputation techniques revealed no important differences with 10% of data missing.

Conclusion

MI showed the best results, especially with larger proportions of missing data.
Validation of the Brazilian Moral Distress Scale in Nurses
Authors: Ramos Flavia Regina Souza , Barlen Edison Luis Devos , Brito Maria José Menezes , Vargas Mara Ambrosina , Schneider Dulcineia Ghizoni , de Farias Brehmer Laura Cavalcanti
Published: September 2019

Background and Purpose

To determine the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Moral Distress Scale in Nurses (MDSN-BR).

Design

In this methodological, cross-sectional study, the criterion, content, and construct validation stages were presented.

Method

A 57-item questionnaire was applied to 1,227 brazilian nurses through an online form. The exploratory factor analyses revealed significant conceptual relations among its items in six constructs, expressing the consistency of the scale.

Results

The validated version of the instrument consists of six constructs and 49 items—Cronbach's alpha .980 (instrument) and of constructs: (a) (.942) Acknowledgment, power, and professional identity; (b) (.961) Safe and qualified care; (c) (.924) Defense of values and rights; (d) (.944) Work conditions; (e) (.933) Ethical infractions; (f) (.914) Work teams.

Conclusion

The results provide evidence supporting the reliability and trustworthiness of the scale in the selected population.