bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of twisting high-performance polyethylene fibre bundle reinforcements on the mechanical characteristics of high-strength concrete
Authors: Zhang Y. , Yan L. , Wang S. , Xu M.
Published: March 2019

The quasi-static and dynamic mechanical behaviours of the concrete reinforced by twisting ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibre bundles with different volume fractions have been investigated. It was indicated that the improved mixing methodology and fibre geometry guaranteed the uniform distribution of fibres in concrete matrix. The UHMWPE fibres significantly enhanced the splitting tensile strength and residual compressive strength of concrete. The discussions on the key property parameters showed that the UHMWPE fibre reinforced concrete behaved tougher than the plain concrete. Owing to the more uniform distribution of fibres and higher bonding strength at fibre/matrix interface, the UHMWPE fibre with improved geometry enhanced the quasi-static splitting tensile strength and compressive strength of concrete more significantly than the other fibres. The dynamic compression tests demonstrated that the UHMWPE fibre reinforced concrete had considerable strain rate dependency. The bonding between fibres and concrete matrix contributed to the strength enhancement under low strain-rate compression.
Low Velocity Impact Responses of GLARE Hybrid Laminates Based on Simplified Finite Element Model
Authors: Wang Zi Wen , Zhao Jian Ping , Wang Song
Published: March 2019

This paper aims to explore the low velocity impact response of glass fiber composite/aluminum hybrid laminates (GLAREs). Puck’s criterion with an efficient algorithm and damage evolution laws based on equivalent strain are used for intralaminar damage models, and the interface delamination is simulated by the bilinear cohesive model in ABAQUS, besides, the Johnson-Cook model is applied to describe the mechanical properties of aluminum layers. Numerical analysis is performed on GLAREs with different impact energy based on simplified finite element model in order to study the damage evolution behaviors of composite layers and interface. In addition, the energy dissipation mechanisms due to damage of composite layers including fiber tension, fiber compression, matrix tension and matrix compression, interface delamination and plastic deformation of aluminum layers are also explored. Meanwhile, the simulation results with simplified model have a good agreement with the experimental results.
An Improved Omega-Based Method for Creep Life Prediction Using Hyperbolic Sine Stress Correlation
Authors: Yang Xinyu , Barrett Richard , Leen Sean B. , Gong Jian Ming
Published: March 2019

This paper is concerned with the creep life prediction of cast 20Cr32NiNb alloy, an alternative candidate material to wrought Inconel alloys for use in the gas collector pipes of CO reformers which suffer from long-term creep damage due to high temperatures and stresses. Uniaxial creep tests of 20Cr32NiNb alloy were performed at 890 °C and 950 °C for different stresses. The Omega method for creep life prediction is applied to the 20Cr32NiNb tests and shown to give reasonably accurate prediction, particularly at low stress levels. A new method, based on the use of a hyperbolic sine function for stress correlation at specific temperatures for identification of the characteristic Omega parameters is presented and validated.
Comparison of Tensile Properties of 1.25Cr-0.5Mo Steel Characterized by Miniature Specimen and Standard Specimen
Authors: Yang Bin , Jiang Wen Chun , Sun Wen Qi
Published: March 2019

Miniature specimen and standard round bar specimen were used to measure tensile properties of a 1.25Cr-0.5Mo steel. The elastic modulus, the yield strength, the ultimate tensile strength and the strain hardening exponent measured by the above two kinds of specimens were compared with each other. It is found that the strength and the strain hardening exponent measured by miniature specimen is consistent with that measured by standard specimen. While the elastic modulus obtained by the miniature specimen is significantly lower than that obtained by the standard specimen. The finite element analysis (FEA) showed that insufficient stiffness of the micro-test tensile stage is the major reason for the lower elastic modulus, while the difference in strength is caused by the various stress state of the two kinds of specimens.
Experimental Study on High Temperature Creep Damage of 1Cr5Mo Steel Based on Magnetic Parameters
Authors: Gao Guang Xing , Shao Shan Shan , Shen Gong Tian , Zhuang Fa Kun , Li Zhi Feng
Published: March 2019

Aiming at the evaluation of creep damage at elevated temperature of ferromagnetic materials in engineering application, the hysteresis loop measurement technology was adopted to study the creep damage behaviour of 1Cr5Mo steel. The creep testing at 600°C/90MPa of 1Cr5Mo steel were carried out to prepare specimens with various degrees of creep damage. The variation of magnetic parameter including coercivity (HC) and remanence (Br) with creep damage was analyzed. The microstructure evolution of 1Cr5Mo steel with different degrees of creep damage was observed by optical microscope. The results show that the coercivity and remanence show certain regularity with creep damage at elevated temperature. Moreover, the regularity is repeatable which indicates that the measurement technology based on magnetic parameters can be used for the evaluation of high temperature creep damage.
Sealing Performance Evaluation for Bolted Flange Joint with Spiral Wound Gasket Based on the Bolt Force
Authors: Zhuang Fa Kun , Li Xiao Peng , Xie Guo Shan , Shi Jin , Wang Yian
Published: March 2019

Leakage accidents often occur at the bolted flange joints, which are widely used in the petro-chemical plant. This is mainly resulted by the reduction of bolt force during operation. Therefore, bolt force is very important for sealing performance of the joints in service. Based on the leakage rate parameter, the relationship between the bolt force and gasket stress was derived. Moreover, the leakage rate model was established on the basis of bolt force. With this model, the leakage rate can be directly calculated through the bolt force, and the sealing performance can be evaluated. In order to verify this model, corresponding experiments have been performed. It shows that with the internal pressure increasing, the bolt force increases and the gasket stress reduces. There exists a monotonic relationship between the bolt force and gasket stress. The theoretical gasket stress value corresponds well with the experimental value. The calculated leakage rates for the joints also agree well with the experimental value. Then, it is feasible to evaluate the sealing performance for the bolted flange joints based on the bolt force.
Investigation on Creep Properties of Welded Joint of Modified 9Cr-1Mo Martensitic Heat-Resistant Steel
Authors: Ren Fa Cai , Tang Xiao Ying , Si Jun
Published: March 2019

The creep rupture behavior of weld joint of modified 9Cr-1Mo martensitic heat-resistant steel is investigated by conducting creep tests. The creep strain-time curves of 838K under different stress levels are obtained. The effects of different stress conditions on the creep rupture lifetime are analyzed. Based on the creep test data, the relationship between minimum creep rate and stress, creep rupture time is analyzed. The test results show that the creep rupture occurred in the fine-grained heat-affected zone. The microstructure evolution during creep process is studied by metallographic analysis and fracture analysis.
Progressive Failure Analysis of an Integral Composite Joint for Thrust Reverser Cascade
Authors: Yang Ji Shen , Qi Hong Yu , Yang Xiao Guang , Shi Duo Qi
Published: March 2019

The research work in this paper is focused on studying the failure behavior of an integral π-shaped laminated composite structure subjected to a bending load. A progressive damage model based on the 3D Tsai-Wu failure criterion and a developed gradual degradation model was employed to simulate and assess the load-carrying capacity, the onset and propagation of damage, and the failure mechanisms. For this unique π-shaped composite structure, disbonding was found to be the dominant damage mode under bending load, and the approximate maximum load could be maintained for a brief time during the final failure due to the gradual loss nature of the load-carrying capacity. The extent of damage was found to be more serious on the side of Rib II compared to the other side.
A Novel Fatigue Evaluation Approach with Direct Steady Cycle Analysis (DSCA) Based on the Linear Matching Method (LMM)
Authors: Zheng Xiao Tao , Ma Zhi Yuan , Chen Hao Feng , Shen Jun
Published: March 2019

The traditional Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF) evaluation method is based on elastic analysis with Neuber’s rule which is usually considered to be over conservative. However, the effective strain range at the steady cycle should be calculated by detailed cycle-by-cycle analysis for the alternative elastic-plastic method in ASME VIII-2, which is obviously time-consuming. A Direct Steady Cycle Analysis (DSCA) method within the Linear Matching Method (LMM) framework is proposed to assess the fatigue life accurately and efficiently for components with arbitrary geometries and cyclic loads. Temperature-dependent stress-strain relationships considering the strain hardening described by the Ramberg-Osgood (RO) formula are discussed and compared with those results obtained by the Elastic-Perfectly Plastic (EPP) model. Additionally, a Reversed Plasticity Domain Method (RPDM) based on the shakedown and ratchet limit analysis method and the DSCA approach within the LMM framework (LMM DSCA) is recommended to design cyclic load levels of LCF experiments with predefined fatigue life ranges.
Numerical Simulation of Residual Stress in P91 Repair Welding Incorporating Martensitic Transformation
Authors: Hu Ze Xun , Zhao Jian Ping , Zhang Ying Jie
Published: March 2019

The type IV cracking is one of the main reasons for service failure. The repair welding is implemented to solve this problem. The residual stress in P91 repair welding incorporating martensitic transformation (MT) is acquired through finite element simulation. In the simulation, the ABAQUS and the user subroutines FILM, DFLUX, HETVAL, USDFLD, UEXPAN and UHARD are adopted. The effect of MT latent heat on temperature and the effects of the volume expansion, the yield strength change and the transformation plasticity on stress are considered. The results show that there is full MT in the repair welding area and the old welding area. The MT latent heat makes the temperature of the repair welding area increase. The residual stress of the repair welding area decreases because MT relieves the thermal stress. Before repair welding, the residual stress distribution is M-shape, which is consistent with the experimental results. After repair welding, the residual stress of repair welding area decreases and the residual stress of old welding area increases.
Demonstrating Structural Integrity under Challenging Load and Material Conditions
Authors: Timbrell Chris , Chandwani Ramesh , Ma Chun Lei
Published: March 2019

Since the industrial revolution when a German mining engineer August Wohler first studied the frequent breaking of chains causing several casualties and developed the concept of what we now know as the S-N curve, many experimental, theoretical and software-aided simulation techniques have been developed to study ageing material behaviour and to design new materials. Over time the demands placed on new materials have required operation under more severe temperatures and loads in order to conserve natural resources and minimise emissions. Fracture mechanics based finite element algorithms to simulate 3D cracks in components / structures have proved very useful in assessing the residual life and developing repair and maintenance strategies as mandatorily required by various licensing authorities for the continuous operation of infrastructure projects in Aerospace, Power, Transportation, Oil and Chemical industries under the ever more demanding operating conditions. Here one such software tool for crack simulation of industrial applications is presented with examples including combined fatigue and time dependent crack growth under thermo-mechanical loading including hold-time and weld defect assessment with inclusion of dis-similar materials.
A Hybrid Method for Detection and Diagnosis of Faulty Roller Bearings
Authors: Xu Fei , Jiang Zhan Si , Jiang Hui
Published: March 2019

There are few research on bearing fault detection and diagnosis which combine constant speed with variable speed. In this paper, a hybrid method is proposed to realize the nondestructive testing and fault diagnosis of roller bearing faults. First, adopts computed order tracking (COT) and variational mode decomposition (VMD) based order spectrum method to detect bearing faults under variable speed condition. Then, by using the method of VMD-based envelope spectrum analysis, we analyze a certain speed signal which is consistent with the velocity in the condition of variable speed, and verify the analysis under the condition of variable speed. The experimental results show that the method can realize the effective diagnosis of the fault bearing.
Investigation of Mechanical Properties and Ductile-Brittle Transition Behaviors of SA738Gr.B Steel Used as Reactor Containment
Authors: Zhang Ya Lin , Hui Hu
Published: March 2019

The low temperature tensile properties, Charpy-V notch impact performance and fracture toughness of SA738Gr.B steel plate for domestic CAP1400 containment vessel were tested. On this basis, the reference temperature T0 of the master curve method was obtained. The fracture toughness distribution of the steel in the whole ductile-brittle transition zone is predicted and its applicability is verified by the theoretical basis of the master curve method. The results show that the reference temperature of SA738Gr.B steel master curve method is-123.6 °C. The master curve method is appropriate for SA738Gr.B steel with domestic nuclear containment vessel.
Selection of Polyanions as Complexation Agent in the Formation of Nanochitosan by Polyelectrolyte Complex Method
Authors: Khoerunisa Al Dina N. , Nugraheni Prihati Sih , Fahrurrozi Mohammad , Budhijanto Wiratni
Published: March 2019

The aqueous dispersion of nanochitosan was prepared by polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) method with various mixing ratios of chitosan and polyanions, i.e., chitosan-glucomannan, chitosan-hyaluronic acid, and chitosan-Arabic gum. The formation of nanochitosan was carried out by adding the polyanion solution dropwise into the acid solution of chitosan. The study aimed to determine the best polyanion among the variations tested in this study, concerning the targeted particle size and the stability of the dispersion over time. Particle size distribution was observed by Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). The result indicated that Arabic gum gave the smallest average particle size, i.e. 192.5 nm, at a chitosan/polyanion mass ratio of 3:1 and pH value of 4.
The Revised Method of Quantitative Detection of Animal-Origin Bovine and Porcine Gelatin Difference Using Surface Plasmon Resonance Based Biosensor
Authors: Wardani Devy Pramudyah , Arifin Muhammad , Abraha Kamsul
Published: March 2019

We have previously reported the surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensor ability for quantitatively differentiating bovine and porcine gelatin has been done by us before. However, it has some inaccuracies. By improving the method of detection, the results of this study shows that the difference between bovine and porcine gelatin was more distinguishable. The sensor response models acquired were nonlinear as in the previous study. However, they show different characteristics. The sensitivities of the sensor obtained are higher than those of the previous ones, i.e., 3.04o and 4.29o for bovine and porcine gelatin concentration change of 0.1%, respectively. And the sensor’s LOD and LOQ towards both gelatin concentrations were 0.22% and 0.74% (w/w), respectively.
Effect of Zeolite Addition on the Properties of Bioplastic Composites of Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Urea
Authors: Kartini Indriana , Iskandar Kukuh Handaru , Chotimah  , Kunarti Eko Sri , Rochmadi
Published: March 2019

Bioplastic composites based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and urea have been successfully synthesised at various amount of zeolites. Urea inclusion into the bioplastics was supposed to result in nitrogen slow-release composites. The bioplastic composites were prepared by solvent casting the precursor gel containing 0.5 % (w/w) urea in CMC in the petri dishes. The zeolites content was varied at 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 % (w/w to CMC). It showed that the addition of zeolites to the bioplastic composites up to 0.5% increased their tensile strength. More addition of zeolites decreased the strain of the bioplastic composite. It could be due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between CMC and zeolites. The amount of urea absorbed in the bioplastics increased as the amount of zeolites increases. It is possibly to be due to the strong interaction between urea and zeolites. The ammonium ions may interact with interchangeable cations in the zeolite. This interaction will also extend the time for the bioplastics to biodegrade. The presence of zeolites in the CMC polymer chains is useful to give nitrogen slow-release composites.
Effects of Fiber Contents on Wear Resistance of Salacca zalacca Frond Fiber Reinforced Phenolic
Authors: Rochardjo Heru Santoso Budi , Ridlo Muhammad
Published: March 2019

In the last decades, natural fiber composites have received much attention as important structural materials for lightweight components in automotive, and space industries because of low density, high specific strength, and environment-friendly materials. Some natural fibers, however, still not applied in more useful structure, one of which is the frond fiber of snake fruit (salacca zalacca). This fiber is usually just burned or fired as the agricultural waste. The present paper presents the result of the development of frond salacca fiber as the wear component of natural fiber reinforced phenolic. In this composite, the fiber and the phenolic are in the form of powder. The variation of fiber volume fraction was used as the main factor in the tribology characteristics of the composite. The specific wear and also the hardness is then compared to that of the existed commercially available motorbike brake pad as a comparison.
Microstructures and Functional Group Properties of Nano-Sized Chitosan Prepared by Ball Milling
Authors: Sari Kartika , Suharyadi Edi , Roto Roto , Abraha Kamsul
Published: March 2019

Nano-sized chitosan has been prepared by ball mill (High Energy Milling) with 1500 rpm to determine itsgrainz size and functional group. A nanopowder sample was prepared in the various milling time of the precusor. The milling time were 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 minutes. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)images indicated that the microstructures and grain size of as-prepared chitosan changed by increasing the milling time. The average of grain size is 15,1 nm. The Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectra showedthat the -OH bond shifted after milling process. The new C=O roups formedduring the milling process, because of the ordered microstructures in the nano-sized chitosan granules weredestroyed after ball millingThe surface area of the nano-sized chitosan was high, the particles tend to agglomerate since the ionic electrostatic could not prevent to form the agglomeration. The ball milling treatment was an effective method to reduce the grain size of chitosan, and functional groups will not automatically change during the milling process.
Determination of Risk of Radioactive in Chemical Fertilizer Using Gamma Ray Spectrometry
Authors: Hatika Rindi Genesa , Subekti Purwo
Published: March 2019

Fertilizer is one factor that is very influential in the success of agriculture. There are two types of fertilizer circulating in Indonesia today that is organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer (chemical). The used of chemical fertilizers allows the distribution of natural radionuclides into the environment. This study was conducted to determine the risk of the radioactive index of chemical fertilizer in Indonesia using gamma-ray spectrometry. There are 6 types of samples of fertilizers ie urea, ZA, KCL, NPK, TSP, and Phosphate. Radioactive risk index value that is found in the overall sample of fertilizer is below the limit recommended by the ICRP.
The Utilization of Chitosan as Natural Antibacterial for Vegetable Tanned Leather
Authors: Udkhiyati Mustafidah , Silvianti Fitrilia
Published: March 2019

Leathers, which are made from natural fibers, can serve as media for microorganisms to grow. The currently used antimicrobial agents or biocides in the leather industry are harmful to human health and the environment. Therefore, the use of antimicrobial agents should be restricted. This study aims at developing eco-friendly biocides that could substitute for toxic chemicals as it will be tested on vegetable-tanned leather. Due to their large surface area and ability to retain moisture, the vegetable tanned leather has a higher possibility of biodeterioration than other types of leathers tanned by mineral tanning agents. In this work, the natural biopolymer of chitosan was chosen for its ability to inhibit the bacterial growth. The results showed that chitosan coating by impregnation method in drum using chitosan/leather ratio of 1% in formic acid for 2 hours is successfully achieved the bacterial growth inhibition.
Preparation of Cr Metal Supported on Sulfated Zirconia Catalyst
Authors: Hauli Latifah , Wijaya Karna , Armunanto Ria
Published: March 2019

Catalyst of Chromium (Cr) metal supported on sulfated zirconia (SZ) was prepared by wet impregnation method. This study aim to determine the optimal concentration of Cr metal that impregnated on SZ catalyst. Preparation of catalyst was conducted at different concentrations of Cr metal (0.5%, 1%, 1.5% (w/w)), impregnated on SZ catalyst, then followed by the calcinationand reduction process. Catalysts were charaterized by FTIR, XRD, XRF, SAA, TEM, and acidity test. The results showed the Cr/SZ 1% had the highest acidity value of 8.22 mmol/g which confirmed from FTIR spectra. All the crystal phase of these catalysts were in monoclinic. The specific surface area increased with the increasing of Cr metal concentration on SZ catalyst and the isotherm adsorption-desorption of N2 gas observed all the catalysts as mesoporous material. The impregnation process formed particles agglomeration.
Effect of Silver Concentration towards Formationof AgPt Nanofernfilms as SERS Substrates
Authors: Abu Bakar Norhayati , Abdullah Nur Adliha , Umar Akrajas Ali , Salleh Muhamad Mat , Shapter Joe George
Published: March 2019

This paper reports the preparation of silver-platinum (AgPt) nanofernson ITO surface using liquid phase deposition technique with various concentrations of silver nitrate in synthesis solution. The different morphologies of AgPt thin films were grown on the surface using 0.1 mM to 0.8 mM of silver concentration. This silver effect on the growth of AgPt on the surfacewas studied using FESEM and UV-Vis characterization. It was found that the optimum silver concentration in synthesis solution supplied the appropriate Ag+ion to grow the nanofernsstructure on the surface. AgPt films were then carried out to sense 1.0 M of creatinine concentration to learn their performance as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate. The sensitivity of SERS substrate towards creatinine detection was studied by observing the change of Raman spectra of the creatinine on ITO surface and creatinine on AgPt films surface.
An Attempt to Establish the Lipase Gene Sequence of Alcaligenes Sp. JG3 Using Internal Primer
Authors: Haryono Norman Yoshi , Haryadi Winarto , Raharjo Tri Joko
Published: March 2019

Alcaligenes sp. JG3 is a local strain bacterium from Indonesia, isolated from cultivated corn field of Central Java. This bacterium is able to produce lipase with fairly high activity. In order to do lipase gene sequence characterization, two sets of primer pair were used in this study (primer Fjg3 5’- ATGACCGAGCTGACTGTAG-3’, Rjg3 5’-TCAGGAGGGGTAAATCCAC-3’ and internal primer Fi 5’-TGACCCATGACCAGGCGGAA-3’ and Ri 5’-TTCGCCTGGTCATGGGTCA-3’). The complete lipase JG3 gene sequence consists of 1081 bp from start codon ATG to the stop codon of TGA. Lipase JG3 had high similarity to another lipase from genus Alcaligenaceae which was up to 90%. However, the 3D protein visualization analysis indicated that this lipase JG3 also has the characteristic of ABC transporter protein.
Extraction of Condensed Tannins from Tropical Plants as Affected by Leaves Maturity, Maceration Time, and Centrifugal Force
Authors: Sakti Awistaros Angger , Kustantinah  , Nurcahyo Raden Wisnu , Perdani Lovy , Ekaningrum Melisa
Published: March 2019

Condensed Tannin (CT) are secondary metabolites of the plant that synthesized along the phenylpropanoid pathway. It is known to suppress CH4emission in the rumen through protozoal defaunation as well as direct effects on methanogen bacteria. Recent studies have been reported to have anthelmintics activity to overcome gastrointestinal nematodes, appertain to theHaemonchus contortus. To obtain merits of CT, it can be applied in flour or infusion form. Infusion considered as a convenient alternative of CT application. Evaluation method to produce optimum levels of CT needs to be done for the merits of CT obtained optimally. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of leaf maturity, maceration time, and centrifuge force on CT levels produced in infusion leaf as a feed additive. Mature and immature leaves selected from Morindacitrifolia(CF), Muntingiacalabura(CA), Azadirachta indica(AZ), Hibiscus rosa sinensis (RS) and Hibiscus tiliaceus (HT).The results of this research showed that leaf age had a significant effect on CT, except on AZ and RS. Normally, CT content of immature leaf is higher than the mature leaf. CA has highest levels of CT, can be predicted because of lots of glandular trichomes in their mature leaves as a place to store secondary metabolite compounds. Optimum levels of CT from maceration occurring at 2h of immersion except on HTthat requiring 4h of immersion. Meanwhile, 372 g is the most effective centrifuge force in producing optimum CT, except in CA which requires 2.318 g. Based on this study, it can be concluded that leaf age, maceration time, and centrifuge force have a significant influence in producing an infusion with maximum CTat each stage of extraction. It is important for infusion production to contain CT in optimal amounts. This research is expected to be the first step in providing multifunctional feed additive for livestock.
In Silico Approach in Evaluation of Jack Bean (Canavalia ensiformis) Canavalin Protein as Precursors of Bioactive Peptides with Dual Antioxidant and Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor
Authors: Harvian Zulvana Anggraeni , Ningrum Andriati , Anggrahini Sri , Setyaningsih Widiastuti
Published: March 2019

Nowadays, there are many lifestyle diseases which cause public health problems worldwide. These diseases include cardiovascular problems, as well as their major factors such as hypertension. Hypertension is one of noncommunicable disease in the world implies the importance of further study of antihypertensive peptides as one of alternative means for hypertension management. On the other hand, the antioxidant is an important compound that also very important to contribute to human health. Jack bean is one of underutilized legume in Indonesia, although it contains high protein. Jack bean tempeh and fried jack bean are two common products using jack bean as a raw material in Indonesia. The protein in jack beans especially globular proteins such as concanavalin A, concanavalin B, and canavalin can be hydrolyzed into several bioactive peptides that can be beneficial for human health. Several functional properties of bioactive peptides are correlated to reduce the potency of hypertension and also as antioxidant. So far, there is a limited investigation using in silico approach for evaluating several potential proteins in jack bean as precursors of bioactive peptides. The purpose of this research is to evaluate several proteins in jack bean as precursors of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitory and antioxidant bioactive peptides using in silico approach, and thus to establish the rationale for choosing the appropriate substrates proteins in preparing ACE inhibitory and antioxidant peptides. Based on our pre-preliminary results, we can conclude that specific protein from jack bean, e.g., canavalin has potency as precursors of ACE Inhibitory and antioxidant bioactive peptides using in silico analysis.
Properties of Metal-Fullerene Composites
Authors: Shpilevsky E.M. , Filatov Serguei A. , Shilagardi Goliminsee , Ulam-Orgikh Duger , Tuvshintur Perenlei , Otgonbaatar Myagmar
Published: March 2019

The results of investigation of mechanical, electrical, thermoelectric and tribological properties of metal-fullerene film composites of Ni-C60 and Ti-C60 systems is presented. It has been found that doping of metals with fullerenes leads to a significant increase in the strength of the material, and a change in the electrical, optical, and other properties of the material. It is established that metal-fullerene films are characterized by low friction coefficients and high wear resistance. It is experimentally shown that metal-fullerene composite thin films possess a capacitive impedance, that the thermopower of Ti-C60 coatings reaches the value of 30 μV/K depending on the Ti/C60 ratio.
Effect of Milling Time on Microstructures and Electrochemical Properties of AB3.5-Type La-Mg-Ni-Co-Al Hydrogen Storage Alloys
Authors: Tian Xiao , Wei Wei , Yan Jing , Zhang Xin , Yao Zhan Quan , Wan Xin Xin , Tegus Ojiyed
Published: March 2019

La0.70Mg0.30Ni2.45Co0.75Al0.30 alloys were synthesized by milling and blending of the La0.70Ni2.45Co0.75Al0.30 pre-alloy prepared by melting and elemental Mg, followed by annealing. The effects of milling time on the microstructures and electrochemical properties of the La0.70Mg0.30Ni2.45Co0.75Al0.30 hydrogen storage alloys were investigated. The structure, microstructure and electrochemical properties of the alloys were investigated by XRD, SEM and electrochemical measurements. The results showed that a noticeable (La,Mg)2Ni7 phase can be observed in the alloy milled for 2 h. Moreover, the distribution of the Mg element in the alloy milled for 15 h presents some aggregation phenomena. The La0.70Mg0.30Ni2.45Co0.75Al0.30 alloy milled for 2 h exhibits the best maximum discharge capacity (313.5 mAh/g) and discharge potential characteristic. The cyclic stability of the as-cast La0.70Ni2.45Co0.75Al0.30 alloy is better than that of the milled La0.70Mg0.30Ni2.45Co0.75Al0.30 alloy.
Incidence of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) in Nova Scotia, Canada Christmas tree (Pinaceae) plantations
Authors: Blatt Suzanne , Bishop Charlane , Burgher-MacLellan Karen
Published: March 2019

The occurrence of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) (Nematoda: Aphelenchida: Parasitaphelenchidae) (pinewood nematode) in Canada prevents export of wood products, including Christmas trees (Pinaceae), to Europe. A nationwide survey in 1992 extracted B. xylophilus from mature, dead, or dying balsam fir (Abies balsamea (Linnaeus) Miller; Pinaceae), but not young, healthy Christmas trees. Three species known to harbour B. xylophilus are found in Nova Scotia, but incidence of B. xylophilus within these species is unknown. Monochamus Dejean (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) species were collected from nine and 20 sites, in 2014 and 2015, respectively, using panel traps baited with a Monochamus lure and evaluated for the presence of pinewood nematode using molecular methods after DNA isolation. Beetles were processed for DNA isolation individually in 2014 and in batches (same species and sex from same collection site and date) in 2015. Bursaphelenchus xylophilus was recovered from all three Monochamus species (M. marmorator Kirby, M. notatus (Drury), and M. scutellatus (Say)) captured in Nova Scotia Christmas tree plantations. Percentage of beetles harbouring B. xylophilus varied with species and sex. Fourteen beetle samples were selected and sent for polymerase chain reaction sequencing. Sequencing results indicated that Bursaphelenchus xylophilus found in Nova Scotia are most similar to isolates from Canada (New Brunswick and Québec), the United States of America, and China.
Testing for trade-offs between flight and reproduction in the mountain pine beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on two pine (Pinaceae) hosts
Authors: Wijerathna Asha , Whitehouse Caroline , Proctor Heather , Evenden Maya
Published: March 2019

Mountain pine beetle,Dendroctonus ponderosaeHopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), adults fly to disperse before host colonisation. The effect of flight on reproduction was tested by comparing the number and quality of offspring from beetles flown on flight mills to that of unflown control beetles. Beetles reproduced in bolts of their native host, lodgepole pine (Pinus contortavar.latifoliaEngelmann (Pinaceae)), or a novel host, jack pine (Pinus banksianaLambert (Pinaceae)). Bolts infested by control beetles produced more offspring overall than bolts with flown beetles. The effect of pine species on the number of offspring produced per bolt varied by individual tree. Flown adults produced fewer offspring compared to control parents in all bolts in jack pine regardless of the tree, but tree-level variation was visible in lodgepole pine. An interaction between flight treatment and tree host affected beetle body condition. More offspring emerged from jack pine, but higher quality offspring emerged from lodgepole pine. The offspring sex ratio was female-biased regardless of parental flight treatment. This study reveals trade-offs between flight and reproduction in mountain pine beetle as measured at the level of the bolt.
Gender diversity, ethnic diversity and employee performance in a South African higher education institution
Authors: Zhuwao Simbarashe , Ngirande Hlanganipai , Ndlovu Wiseman , Setati Sam T.
Published: March 2019

Orientation: Although there has been an improvement in workforce diversity in South Africa, gender and ethnicity issues such as discrimination, prejudice and sexual harassment prevail within organisations. This is because organisational leaders view diversity as a matter of legal compliance instead of as a value addition to organisational growth and profitability. Based on this, it is important for organisations to understand the economic side of diversity and not just be content with having such a workforce.Research purpose: This study investigated the effects of gender and ethnic diversity on the performance of employees in a selected higher education institution in South Africa.Motivation of the study: The study was conducted to determine whether gender and ethnic diversity influences the performance of employees in a higher education institution in South Africa. It is believed that by doing so, the study may assist organisational leaders to determine strategies and best practices that will create culture that is inclusive rather than exclusive.Research approach/design and method: A cross-sectional research design was used. A stratified random sample (n = 258) was chosen by dividing employees into homogeneous strata of academic and non-academic employees. A self-administered questionnaire was used to gather data. Pearson product moment correlation and multiple regression analysis were performed.Main findings: The results show that gender diversity and ethnic diversity are positively and significantly related to employee performance. The study recommends that higher education institutions implement effective diversity management policies and strategies to improve the effectiveness of gender and ethnic diversity towards the performance of employees.Practical/managerial implications: The study recommends organisations to embrace diversity and not just abide by the affirmative action policies and be satisfied with having such a workforce. To achieve this, effective diversity management programmes such as diversity training and mentoring programmes should be implemented to ensure that all employees are properly trained on diversity issues.Contribution/value add: First of all, the findings of this study will add to existing knowledge that will aid in the understanding of gender and ethnic diversity in general and its relevance to employee performance, which in turn leads to organisational performance. Furthermore, this study will be an eye opener to organisational leaders and employees as it will help them to begin to see that diversity is a blessing rather than a matter of legal compliance. It will help organisations to see the need for having diversity and confirm that employees can work together despite their differences.
Validation of immunohistochemical tests performed on cytology cell block material: Practical application of the College of American Pathologists’ guidelines
Authors: Satturwar Swati , Malenie Renuka , Sutton Ann , Dai Ding , Aly F. Zahra
Published: March 2019

The advent of fiberoptic endoscopy with biopsy has revolutionized procurement of specimens from deep sites. This has translated into more cytologic specimens whereby the material is limited and best handled by cytology laboratory staff. While the diagnosis of the pathologic process is of utmost importance, there is increasing expectation that the diagnosis be specific and accurate as not to require additional biopsy for initiation of treatment. This expectation has driven demand in immunohistochemical (IHC) and molecular studies conducted specifically on material processed as cytology specimens. The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 requires laboratories in the United States of America to verify the performance of patient tests. Due to varying laboratory practices with respect to validation of IHC assays, the College of American Pathologists introduced guidelines for analytic validation of IHC tests. These guidelines address how to perform validation by recommending the number of cases in the validation set, comparator concordance, and when to revalidate. The main thrust of the guidelines is based on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue with only one expert consensus opinion referring to validation of IHC tests on cytology specimens which delegates to the medical director, the determination of number of positive and negative cases to be tested. This article will outline how an academic center approaches validation of IHC studies performed on cytology cell block specimens using the College of American Pathologists guidelines. A stepwise approach from selection of antibodies to validate followed by building the validation panel and evaluating the stain results for concordance against the gold standard of histology tissue specimen will be described. A rationale for dealing with discordant results and future innovations will conclude the report.
On the contribution of nocturnal heterogeneous reactive nitrogen chemistry to particulate matter formation during wintertime pollution events in Northern Utah
Authors: McDuffie Erin E. , Womack Caroline , Fibiger Dorothy L. , Dube William P. , Franchin Alessandro , Middlebrook Ann , Goldberger Lexie , Lee Ben H. , Thornton Joel A. , Moravek Alexander , Murphy Jennifer , Baasandorj Munkhbayar , Brown Steven S.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Mountain basins in Northern Utah, including Salt Lake Valley (SLV), suffer from wintertime air pollution events associated with stagnant atmospheric conditions. During these events, fine particulate matter concentrations (PM2.5) can exceed national ambient air quality standards. Previous studies in SLV have found PM2.5 is primarily composed of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), formed from the condensation of gas-phase ammonia (NH3) and nitric acid (HNO3). Additional studies in several western basins, including SLV, have suggested that production of HNO3 from nocturnal heterogeneous N2O5 uptake is the dominant source of NH4NO3 during winter. The rate of this process, however, remains poorly quantified, in part due to limited vertical measurements above the surface, where this chemistry is most active. The 2017 Utah Winter Fine Particulate Study (UWFPS) provided the first aircraft measurements of detailed chemical composition during SLV wintertime pollution events. Coupled with ground-based observations, analysis of day and nighttime research flights confirm that PM2.5 during wintertime pollution events is principally composed of NH4NO3, limited by HNO3. Here, observations and box-model analyses assess the contribution of N2O5 uptake to nitrate aerosol during pollution events using the NO3− production rate, N2O5 heterogeneous uptake coefficient (γ(N2O5)), and production yield of ClNO2 (Φ(ClNO2)), which had medians of 1.6 μg m−3 hr−1, 0.076, and 0.220, respectively. While fit values of γ(N2O5) may be biased high by a potential under-measurement in aerosol surface area, other fit quantities are unaffected. Lastly, additional model simulations suggest nocturnal N2O5 uptake produces 3.9 μg m−3 of nitrate per day, when considering the possible effects of dilution. This nocturnal production is sufficient to account for 86 % of the daily observed surface-level build-up of aerosol nitrate, though accurate quantification is dependent on modeled dilution and mixing processes.
Sensitivity of glacier volume change estimation to DEM void interpolation
Authors: McNabb Robert , Nuth Christopher , Kääb Andreas , Girod Luc
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Glacier mass balance has been estimated on individual glacier and regional
scales using repeat digital elevation models (DEMs). DEMs often have gaps in
coverage (“voids”), the properties of which depend on the nature of the
sensor used and the surface being measured. The way that these voids are
accounted for has a direct impact on the estimate of geodetic glacier mass
balance, though a systematic comparison of different proposed methods has
been heretofore lacking. In this study, we determine the impact and
sensitivity of void interpolation methods on estimates of volume change.
Using two spatially complete, high-resolution DEMs over southeast Alaska,
USA, we artificially generate voids in one of the DEMs using correlation
values derived from photogrammetric processing of Advanced Spaceborne Thermal
Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) scenes. We then compare 11
different void interpolation methods on a glacier-by-glacier and regional
basis. We find that a few methods introduce biases of up to 20 % in the
regional results, while other methods give results very close (<1 %
difference) to the true, non-voided volume change estimates. By comparing
results from a few of the best-performing methods, an estimate of the
uncertainty introduced by interpolating voids can be obtained. Finally, by
increasing the number of voids, we show that with these best-performing
methods, reliable estimates of glacier-wide volume change can be obtained,
even with sparse DEM coverage.
Suitability Analysis of Ski Areas in China: An Integrated Study Based on Natural and Socioeconomic Conditions
Authors: Deng Jie , Che Tao , Xiao Cunde , Wang Shijin , Dai Liyun , Meerzhan Akynbekkyzy
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The successful bidding of the 2022 Winter Olympics (Beijing 2022, officially known as the XXIV Olympic Winter Games) has greatly stimulated Chinese enthusiasm to participate in winter sports. Consequently, the Chinese ski industry is rapidly booming driven by enormous market demand and government support. However, investing in ski area at an unreasonable location will cause problems both from economic perspective (in terms of operation and management) as well as geographical concerns (such as environmental degradation). To evaluate the suitability of a ski area based on scientific metrics has since become a prerequisite to the sustainable development of ski industry. In this study, we evaluate the locational suitability of ski areas in China by integrating their natural and socioeconomic conditions using linear weighted method based on geographic information systems (GIS) spatial analysis combined with remote sensing, online and field survey data. Key indexes for evaluating the natural suitability include snow cover, air temperature, topographic conditions, groundwater, and vegetation, whereas socioeconomic suitability is evaluated based on economic conditions, accessibility of transportation, distance to tourist attractions, and distance to cities. As such, an integrated metrics considering both natural and socioeconomic suitability is defined to be a threshold and used to identify the suitability of a candidate region for ski area development. The results show that 92 % of existing ski areas are located in areas with an integrated index greater than 0.5. In contrary, a ski area is considered to be a dismal prospect when the locational integrated index is less than 0.5. Finally, corresponding development strategies for decision-makers are proposed based on the multi-criteria metrics, which will be extended to incorporate potential influences from future climate change and socioeconomic development.
Charismatic Leadership Studies- Past, Present and Future: Theorizing the Potential of Charismatic Rhetoric Research in Doctor of Education Programs.
Authors: Elias Simone , Akintayo Michael O
Published: March 2019

This theoretical review examines selected literature concerning charismatic leadership theory. It starts with an introduction of Max Weber’s (1947) groundbreaking application of the term “charisma” in the field of Social Sciences. Subsequently, it presents a research table, chronologically organized reflecting significant articles that highlight traits and historical developments of the charismatic leadership theory. Next, beginning with Weber’s (1947) seminal article, this literature review discusses how the construct of charismatic leadership has advanced over the years. The examination largely concludes with a discussion of the current state of charismatic leadership, and a call for future studies to address charismatic rhetoric research in doctor of education programs.
The Multivocal Monody: Milton and the Poetics of Justa Edouardo King
Authors: Ladd John R.
Published: March 2019

Milton's Lycidas is often placed in the context of Milton's career, but scholars have put less emphasis on its original print setting: the 1638 university miscellany Justa Edouardo King. By attending to the ways the poem may have been received by readers of the 1638 volume, this essay reads Lycidas as a response and counter to the other poems in the volume—the work of a poet attuned to his immediate social circumstances and reception. In Lycidas Milton is simultaneously engaged and at odds with his fellow contributors, and the poem expresses a tension between individual and collective impulses that would come to characterize much of Milton's future writing.
Milton's Manuring: Paradise Lost, Husbandry, and the Possibilities of Waste
Authors: Cornes Saskia
Published: March 2019

Reading with a rich knowledge of agricultural praxis and the ways in which early modern readers understood the highly specific and uniquely Miltonic forms of labor that Adam and Eve perform in Paradise Lost, I argue that prelapsarian agrarian tasks, previously read as acts of diminution or (spiritual) discipline, are instead acts of material and spiritual increase. Adam and Eve knowingly and willingly set themselves an infinite, if pleasurable, task in their efforts to steward Eden through their lopping, pruning, and manuring. A closer examination of the material substance and the extent of Adam and Eve's efforts reveals new depth to their faith, a new form of georgic, and most importantly, a new vision of Milton's paradise as a place with the possibility, and the means, of expansion, change, and improvement. This more dynamic vision of prelapsarian life adds new poignancy to the Fall, and situates Milton's Eden within a constellation of experiments in rightful occupation without ownership, including those of Gerrard Winstanley, and countless writers of practical handbooks on agriculture.