bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caracterização do consumo percapita e do uso da água da população de Pau dos Ferros-RN
Authors: Leite Lucas Ruan Menezes , Moura Bruna Monallize Duarte
Published: December 2019

A caracterização do consumo de água determina quais atividades mais consomem água, as que menos consomem, e quais os fatores que influenciam no consumo, como a cultura, fenômenos naturais como a seca, e o clima. O presente trabalho objetivou realizar a caracterização do consumo de água da população de Pau dos Ferros através de métodos distintos com base na renda per capita, valores de micromedição, coeficiente de retorno de esgoto, sugestões literárias e calculo através de médias obtidas por entrevista com os habitantes, definindo quais os usos da água são os mais predominantes nas residências. A média encontrada para o consumo per capita da cidade de acordo com a entrevista foi de 417,4 l/hab.dia. Entre as atividades que mais contribuem para o consumo per capita foram identificadas o uso do chuveiro e pia da cozinha, precedidas pelo volume usado nas bacias sanitárias. Para todos os métodos obteve-se um consumo crescente conforme os anos.
Back pain: diagnostic and differential aspects
Authors: Mendelevich E. G.
Published: December 2019

Management of patients with back pain is an interdisciplinary problem requiring a package of diagnostic and differential measures. Despite the elaboration of algorithms for the differential diagnosis and therapy of back pain, a number of questions remain difficult to interpret, which can lead to diagnostic errors. This review considers the main causes of back pain and the principles of their diagnosis and treatment. It gives data from studies of therapy for nonspecific back pain with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and muscle relaxants, aceclofenac and tolperisone in particular.
Chronic lower back pain: diagnosis and current principles of therapy
Authors: Golovacheva V. A. , Isaikin A. I.
Published: December 2019

Chronic nonspecific lower back pain (LBP) is one of the most common causes of adult disability. The chronic course of back pain is often supported by the patient's unhealthy lifestyle and the use of ineffective treatments. The combination of cognitive behavioral therapy, therapeutic exercises, gradually increased physical activity, and rational pharmacotherapy are effective in most cases of chronic non-specific LBP. In this disease, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the first-choice drugs that should be prescribed in a short cycle. The choice of NSAIDs is determined by the presence of concurrent diseases in the patient and by the risk of developing adverse events. The paper discusses the efficacy and safety of meloxicam in non-specific NSAIDs.
Genetic risk factors for behavioral adverse reactions in epileptic patients taking levetiracetam
Authors: Usoltseva A. A. , Dmitrenko D. V. , Zobova S. N. , Bochanova E. N. , Shnayder N. A.
Published: December 2019

Levetiracetam (LEV) is an effective antiepileptic drug. Nevertheless, when the drug is used, its behavioral adverse drug reactions (ADRs), such as aggressivity, irritability, hyperexcitability, and anxiety, occur in almost 30% of cases. Recent studies show that personality traits can predispose to LEV-induced ARs.

Objective: to establish genetic risk factors for behavioral ADRs in epileptic patients taking LEV. Patients and methods. Single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were chosen according to their importance for the development of impulsivity and aggressivity. At Stage 1, the dose-dependent effect of LEV, which was responsible for behavioral ADRs, was studied in 179 epileptic patients taking this drug, who were divided into four groups according to age and the presence of ADRs. Molecular genetic testing of SNVs DRD2 rs1800497 (DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A), COMT rs4680, and DBH rs1611115 was done at Stage 2. Results and discussion. The ADR and non-ADR groups showed no statistically significant differences in the daily dose of LEV in both children (696.1 and 500.0 mg/day, respectively; p=0.087) and adults (750.9 and 750.9 mg/day, respectively; p=0.13). The similar data were obtained for blood LEV concentrations in children (31.6 and 27.3 μg/ml, p=0.12) and in adults (23.1 and 17.6 μg/ml, respectively; p=0.12). There was a statistically significant association between the carriage of the heterozygous CT genotype of SNV rs1611115 and the rate of both behavioral (OR, 3.38; 95% CI, 1.25–9.14; p=0.042) and CNS ADRs in general (OR, 3.29; 95% CI, 1.29–8.44; p=0.036). Higher impulsivity values were recorded in the carriers of the CT + TT genotypes of SNV rs1800497 (p<0.05) and rs1611115 (p<0.01) compared with those of the CC genotype. No statistically significant intergroup differences were obtained for SNV COMP rs4680. Conclusion. The dose-dependent effect of behavioral ADRs is absent in both pediatric and adult patients taking LEV. Increased impulsiveness in epileptic patients taking LEV is associated with the carriage of SNV rs1800497 and rs1611115. The LEV-induced behavioral ADRs are related to SNV DBH rs1611115 that can be considered as one of the potential genetic predictors for behavioral ADRs and impulsivity.
THE RESEARCH OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT EVASIVE MANEUVERS FROM ATTACK BY ENEMY AIRCRAFT ON THE BASIS OF THE GAME APPROACH
Authors: Evdokimenkov V. N. , Krasilshchikov M. N. , Lyapin N. A.
Published: December 2019

Actual level of unmanned aerial vehicles development allows us to consider them as an effective tool for solving a variety of civil and military tasks (primarily reconnaissance and strike). At the same time, one of the most important problems associated with the combat use of unmanned aerial vehicles remains to ensure their high survivability in organized counteraction conditions, the source of which can be both ground-based air defense and fighter aircraft (manned or unmanned). For this reason, the study and optimization of unmanned aerial vehicle evasion maneuvers from an enemy air attack remains relevant. In the article on the basis of game approach the algorithm of the unmanned aerial vehicle trajectory guaranteeing management providing its evasion from attack of the air opponent is offered. The study of unmanned aerial vehicle maneuverability tactically significant indicators influence on the effectiveness of the evasion maneuver. The results of simulation, demonstrated the influence of unmanned aerial vehicle maneuvering capabilities on achievement a positional advantage in order to solve the problem of evasion from enemy air attack, are presented. A series of computational experiments, whose results allow to assert that the use of the developed algorithm to guarantee control regardless of the relative initial state target UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) and UAV-interceptor with the comparability of their maneuvering capabilities in 73 % of cases provides the positional advantage of the target UAV, the UAV position relative to the interceptor makes inefficient use of the latest posted guided missiles, are performed. Note that the increase in the values of tactical indicators that reflect the maneuverability of the attacked UAV compared to the enemy, leads to the fact that in all cases, regardless of the initial position of the attacked UAV relative to the UAV-interceptor, it is ensured that it is brought beyond the zone of possible launches of guided missiles.
ESTIMATION OF MEASUREMENT ERRORS IN A SINGLE-CHANNEL PLATFORM ANGULAR POSITIONING CONTROL SYSTEM BASED ON AN ANGULAR VELOCITY SENSOR
Authors: Kikin I. S.
Published: December 2019

This work is devoted to the important problem of the contemporary automatic control theory – creation of integrated technologies of design of ACS (Automatic Control Systems). Such technologies must provide complex solution of the controlled object’s state evaluation and synthesis of the control law. The main practical result would be ACS accuracy increase. The new concept of ACS design for realization of integrated technologies conditions the urgency to confirm its efficacy’s by applied results in creation of concrete working systems. Research in this direction of automatic control theory is at its initial stage, at which it is important to evaluate possibilities of new technologies on simple ACS’ functioning models. The author presents a model of a one-channel attitude control system for a platform based on an angular velocity sensor providing instantaneous posterior estimation of platform’s rotation angle error. Values of the disturbance torque, acting on the platform, and angular velocity measurement errors on the considered observation interval are set as random numbers that stay constant on this interval. The author presents the analysis of control and state evaluation for the object of control, implemented by the synthesized system for two versions of the object: in the absence and in the presence of its own damping torque. The author demonstrates a modification of adjuster’s structure to achieve accuracy increase for the platform’s parameters evaluation.
POSITIONING OF AIRCRAFT ON RELATION OF RUNWAY STRIP BY LASER-LOCATOR WHEN LANDING
Authors: Sebryakov G. G. , Obrosov K. V. , Kim V. Ya. , Lisitsyn V. M.
Published: December 2019

Currently, ILS (Instrumental Landing Systems) operating in the meter and decimeter wavelength range are used. Systems have a number of drawbacks. International Civil Aviation Organization decided on the feasibility of creating alternative positioning systems. In this paper, it was proposed to use a LL (Laser-Locator) system for landing an aircraft. In this case, the output of the aircraft on the trajectory lying in the plane of the glide path, and keeping on this plane by lateral deviations, it is advisable to do with the help of the azimuth-distance measuring system of the RRT (Request-Response Type). The SD (Standard Deviation) of the RRT measurements while keeping the aircraft on the glide path is 12 m. Such errors provide contact with the runway, but unacceptably large to control the decrease of aircraft altitude when flying along the glide path. The use of the LL system provides measurement of the flight altitude above the runway with errors two orders of magnitude less than the RRT, and also provides highprecision measurements of the roll and pitch angles of the aircraft relative to the runway. The analysis showed that the accuracy of the roll estimation corresponds to the SD of 0.2°, and the pitch of 0.055°. The height estimation SD is less than 0.025 m. The proposed method of positioning the aircraft relative to the runway differs from the known higher accuracy, noise immunity. The method can be applied when landing on airfields that are not equipped with ILS. It provides autonomous operation in conditions of onboard navigation system failure. In this case, an accurate movement along the glide path with simultaneous measurement of the angular orientation of the aircraft relative to the runway is ensured.
ETHNOCULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN IMPLICIT REPRESENTATIONS ABOUT A VIABLE PERSON
Authors: Yashchenko Elena Fedorovna , Sarkisyan Liliya Vaganovna , Melaten Rimma Raisovna
Published: December 2019

Aim. The idea of studying implicit representations about a resilient person in the crosscultural context is of great interest in establishing the strategies of resilience. Materials and methods. At first stage, the associative experiment was conducted based on responses to a “resilient person” stimulus. At the next stage, the method of subjective scaling was used. The results obtained were processed with factor analysis using the Statistica 15.0 software. Results. Various factor structures of mental representations of a resilient person were revealed. Conclusion. During the study, it was revealed that ordinary representations about a resilient person in respondents from Russia, Kazakhstan and the USA possess similarities and differences. All respondents associate high resilience with the meaning of life, optimism and love of life. Respondents emphasize a high significance of determination, adaptability, self-development and personal growth. The factor structure of implicit representations in Russian students matched the results of an earlier factorization in adult Russians. Pronounced cross-cultural differences were revealed in associationsregarding family. These associations are significant for students from Kazakhstan and the USA but do not fall into the area of significance for Russians. Young people from the USA perceive the family as something that contributes to one’s resilience. Kazakh students associate resilience with the ability to create and maintain a family, to meet the hope of parents. Kazakh students consider the meaning of life, optimism, humanity, faith in God (Allah), service to him, humility (“not to be proud”) as the main things for maintaining resilience. For Russians and Americans, their pride and self-esteem are considered as more important in maintaining resilience. For Americans, resilience is determined by strength and endurance. Russian students are convinced that a resilient person consists of determination, independence, intelligence, adaptive abilities and success.
CORRELATION BETWEEN THE FUNCTIONAL STATUS AND VIABILITY IN THE SUBJECTS INVOLVED IN EXTREME ACTIVITIES
Authors: Kotovskaya Svetlana Vladimirovna , Mosyagin Igor Gennadyevich
Published: December 2019

Aim. The article deals with the analysis of the psychophysiological status and its correlations with the features of viability in experts working in extreme and challenging conditions. This is both relevant and essential for justifying the author’s approach to a bio, -psycho, - social model of viability. Materials and methods. 764 male participants working in extreme conditions were examined (military aircraft personnel, civil air traffic controllers, Navy men, firefighters, etc.). The following methods were used for the study: the simple and complex eye-motor response test, the S-test, the burnout assessment based on the Boyko’s method, and a subjective assessment of professional load. The results obtained were processed with Spearman correlation analysis. Results. Based on the results of correlation analysis, significant correlations were revealed between the psychophysiological features of participants and a subjective assessment of extreme load being the component of professional viability. It was established that the functional status of the subjects involved in extreme activities affected negatively their subjective assessment of professional load producing an increase in stress. At the same time, the speed of mental operations and visual perception abilities decreased. Conclusion. The efficient application of psychophysiological reserves while preserving speed and reliability determines constructive professional genesis and is connected with the parameters of viability such as anxiety, depression, inadequate selective emotional response, disorientation, and the reduction of professional responsibilities.
ACCOMODATION STRATEGY IN BUYING AND SELLING CONVERSATIONS AT GANG BARU TRADITIONAL MARKET CHINATOWN SEMARANG
Authors: Kepirianto Catur , Poedjosoedarmo Soepomo , Suhandano Suhandano
Published: December 2019

Language is a means of communication to convey idea, mind, and feeling to the other. The research problems are the accommodation in buying and selling conversation between buyers and sellers in Gang Baru traditional market Chinatown Semarang and the accommodation direction. This research applies descriptive qualitative method. To collect data, it applies observation, tapping, and recording. Then the data are analyzed descriptively based on the theory of accommodation. The findings show that there is an accomodation in the conversation between buyers and sellers in traditional market Chinatown Semarang. The direction of accommodation are both convergence and divergence. In the convergence, the speakers adapt positively, otherwise in the divergence, the speakers adapt negatively. The interpersonal interaction provides the speech in a conversation. Each talk or speech has its own function and becomes the component to arrange the comprehensive relation in a conversation. There are functions on convergence and divergence accommodation. The convergence accommodation has functions to maintain the symmetric speech, to reactualize the solidarity, to keep cooperative speech, to reduce interpersonal difference, to consider the other view, and to provide adaptation. While the divergence accommodation has functions to bargain, to retain the argument, to keep personal speech, to maintain the identity, to keep personal identity, to maintain ethnic identity, to retain the distance, to keep asymmetric speech, and to maintain idiosyncratic speech. It is implied that the speech accommodation in Gang Baru traditional market Chinatown Semarang represents such markers as solidarity, cooperative, symmetric, asymmetric, tolerant, identity, and ethnic markers.
PENGARUH KOMUNIKASI DOKTER TERHADAP KESEMBUHAN PASIEN RAWAT JALAN
Authors: Saleh Gunawan , Hendra Muhammad David
Published: December 2019

A well constructed communications between doctorand patient is one of the keys to successful doctorsin providing medical service efforts. Unsuccessfuldoctor medical problems if communicated well willnot give rise to a dispute, but rather a medicalsuccess achieved whatsoever if it is notcommunicated, and patients feel not satisfied canalso give rise to disputes or medical disputes. In the profession of medicine communicationbetween doctors and patients is the mostimportant component and is important in giving thewaiter points towards the patient. The effectivenessof communication between doctor and patient willcreate success in the process of patient care,treatment given aims to improve the health statusof the patient. Health communication include the utilization ofservices of communication to convey messages andinfluence the decision making process related tohealth management and enhancement efforts byindividuals and community. In addition, it alsoincludes health communication activitiesdisseminate information about health to thecommunity in order to be achieved conduct healthyliving, creating awareness, change attitudes andmotivate individuals to adopt the recommendedhealthy behaviors become the main purpose of health communication.
Calculating macroalgal height and biomass using bathymetric LiDAR and a comparison with surface area derived from satellite data in Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Webster Tim , MacDonald Candace , McGuigan Kevin , Crowell Nathan , Lauzon-Guay Jean-Sebastien , Collins Kate
Published: December 2019

The ability to map and monitor the macroalgal coastal resource is important to both the industry and the regulator. This study evaluates topo-bathymetric lidar (light detection and ranging) as a tool for estimating the surface area, height and biomass of Ascophyllum nodosum, an anchored and vertically suspended (floating) macroalga, and compares the surface area derived from lidar and WorldView-2 satellite imagery. Pixel-based Maximum Likelihood classification of low tide satellite data produced 2-dimensional maps of intertidal macroalgae with overall accuracy greater than 80%. Low tide and high tide topo-bathymetric lidar surveys were completed in southwestern Nova Scotia, Canada. Comparison of lidar-derived seabed elevations with ground-truth data collected using a survey grade global navigation satellite system (GNSS) indicated the low tide survey data have a positive bias of 15 cm, likely resulting from the seaweed being draped over the surface. The high tide survey data did not exhibit this bias, although the suspended canopy floating on the water surface reduced the seabed lidar point density. Validation of lidar-derived seaweed heights indicated a mean difference of 30 cm with a root mean square error of 62 cm. The modelled surface area of seaweed was 28% greater in the lidar model than the satellite model. The average lidar-derived biomass estimate was within one standard deviation of the mean biomass measured in the field. The lidar method tends to overestimate the biomass compared to field measurements that were spatially biased to the mid-intertidal level. This study demonstrates an innovative and cost-effective approach that uses a single high tide bathymetric lidar survey to map the height and biomass of dense macroalgae.
Computing Topological Indices for Para-Line Graphs of Anthracene
Authors: Zhang Zhiqiang , Mufti Zeshan Saleem , Nadeem Muhammad Faisal , Ahmad Zaheer , Siddiqui Muhammad Kamran , Farahani Muhammad Reza
Published: December 2019

Atoms displayed as vertices and bonds can be shown by edges on a molecular graph. For such graphs we can find the indices showing their bioactivity as well as their physio-chemical properties such as the molar refraction, molar volume, chromatographic behavior, heat of atomization, heat of vaporization, magnetic susceptibility, and the partition coefficient. Today, industry is flourishing because of the interdisciplinary study of different disciplines. This provides a way to understand the application of different disciplines. Chemical graph theory is a mixture of chemistry and mathematics, which plays an important role in chemical graph theory. Chemistry provides a chemical compound, and graph theory transforms this chemical compound into a molecular graphwhich further is studied by different aspects such as topological indices.We will investigate some indices of the line graph of the subdivided graph (para-line graph) of linear-[s] Anthracene and multiple Anthracene.
The Risks of Hard Brexit for the United Kingdom
Authors: Perri Salvatore
Published: December 2019

The aim of this paper is to analyze the potential consequences of Hard Brexit for the economy of the United Kingdom. From the theoretical and empirical literature, there are no reasons to expect good performances in the medium long term for the British economy. The Hard Brexit scenario will damage the UK perspectives of growth by increasing costs of production, difficulties to export, a quantitative and qualitative deterioration in labor force, the escape of financial operators and of the legal offices of multinationals from the London square, the isolation of UK in the international geopolitical context and riskiness for the same integrity of United Kingdom. After the vote, we can observe a resilience of the UK economy that could be determined by the accumulation of stocks in anticipation of a traumatic exit, but also, to an important depreciation of pound that is producing inflation and losing value of real wages.
A Digital Euro to Compete With Libra
Authors: Mayer Thomas
Published: December 2019

On 18 June 2019 a group of 28 companies led by Facebook published a White Paper proposing the creation of a new crypto currency named Libra. The initiative could give the digitalization of money a big boost. Digitalization would also give the euro a viable long term perspective, which it is unlikely to have in the credit money system. Credit money needs a state for its reinsurance that cannot be created for the euro area. Digital money, on the other hand, can exist without a state guarantee.
Different signaling and functionality of Rac1 and Rac1b in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Seiz Julia R. , Klinke Johannes , Scharlibbe Laura , Lohfink Dirk , Heipel Marisa , Ungefroren Hendrik , Giehl Klaudia , Menke Andre
Published: December 2019

Rac1 is a ubiquitously expressed Rho GTPase and an important regulator of the actin cytoskeleton. Its splice variant Rac1b exhibits a 19-amino acid (aa) in-frame insertion and is predominantly active. Both proteins were described in tumorigenesis or metastasis. We investigated the contribution of Rac1 and Rac1b to tumor progression of human non-small-cell lung adenocarcinoma (NSCLA). Rac1 protein was present in 8/8 NSCLA cell lines analyzed, whereas Rac1b was expressed in only 6/8. In wound-healing assays, enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP)-Rac1 slightly decreased cell migration, whereas proliferation was increased in both, Rac1- and Rac1b-expressing cells. In the in vivo chorioallantoic invasion model, EGFP-Rac1-expressing cells formed more invasive tumors compared to EGFP-Rac1b. This increased invasiveness correlated with enhanced phosphorylation of p38α, AKT and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and activation of serum response- and Smad-dependent gene promoters by Rac1. In contrast, Rac1b solely activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) JNK2, together with TCF/LEF1- and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB)-responsive gene reporters. Rac1b, as Rac1, phosphorylated p38α, AKT and GSK3β. Knockdown of the splicing factor epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 (ESRP1), which mediates out-splicing of exon 3b from Rac1 pre-messenger RNA, resulted in increased Rac1b messenger RNA (mRNA) and suppression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated transcription factor ZEB1. Our data demonstrate different signaling and functional activities of Rac1 and Rac1b and an important role for Rac1 in lung cancer metastasis.
Dr. NO and Mr. Toxic – the versatile role of nitric oxide
Authors: Porrini Constance , Ramarao Nalini , Tran Seav-Ly
Published: December 2019

Nitric oxide (NO) is present in various organisms from humans, to plants, fungus and bacteria. NO is a fundamental signaling molecule implicated in major cellular functions. The role of NO ranges from an essential molecule to a potent mediator of cellular damages. The ability of NO to react with a broad range of biomolecules allows on one hand its regulation and a gradient concentration and on the other hand to exert physiological as well as pathological functions. In humans, NO is implicated in cardiovascular homeostasis, neurotransmission and immunity. However, NO can also contribute to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) or septic shock. For certain denitrifying bacteria, NO is part of their metabolism as a required intermediate of the nitrogen cycle. However, for other bacteria, NO is toxic and harmful. To survive, those bacteria have developed processes to resist this toxic effect and persist inside their host. NO also contributes to maintain the host/microbiota homeostasis. But little is known about the impact of NO produced during prolonged inflammation on microbiota integrity, and some pathogenic bacteria take advantage of the NO response to colonize the gut over the microbiota. Taken together, depending on the environmental context (prolonged production, gradient concentration, presence of partners for interaction, presence of oxygen, etc.), NO will exert its beneficial or detrimental function. In this review, we highlight the dual role of NO for humans, pathogenic bacteria and microbiota, and the mechanisms used by each organism to produce, use or resist NO.
Diffuse or hitch a ride: how photoreceptor lipidated proteins get from here to there
Authors: Frederick Jeanne M. , Hanke-Gogokhia Christin , Ying Guoxin , Baehr Wolfgang
Published: December 2019

Photoreceptors are polarized neurons, with specific subcellular compartmentalization and unique requirements for protein expression and trafficking. Each photoreceptor contains an outer segment (OS) where vision begins, an inner segment (IS) where protein synthesis occurs and a synaptic terminal for signal transmission to second-order neurons. The OS is a large, modified primary cilium attached to the IS by a slender connecting cilium (CC), the equivalent of the transition zone (TZ). Daily renewal of ~10% of the OS requires massive protein biosynthesis in the IS with reliable transport and targeting pathways. Transport of lipidated (‘sticky’) proteins depends on solubilization factors, phosphodiesterase δ (PDEδ) and uncoordinated protein-119 (UNC119), and the cargo dispensation factor (CDF), Arf-like protein 3-guanosine triphosphate (ARL3-GTP). As PDE6 and transducin still reside prominently in the OS of PDEδ and UNC119 germline knockout mice, respectively, we propose the existence of an alternate trafficking pathway, whereby lipidated proteins migrate in rhodopsin-containing vesicles of the secretory pathway.
Cell Line Classification Using Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS)
Authors: Gelsinger Megan L. , Tupper Laura L. , Matteson David S.
Published: December 2019

We present new methods for cell line classification using multivariate time series bioimpedance data obtained from electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) technology. The ECIS technology, which monitors the attachment and spreading of mammalian cells in real time through the collection of electrical impedance data, has historically been used to study one cell line at a time. However, we show that if applied to data from multiple cell lines, ECIS can be used to classify unknown or potentially mislabeled cells, factors which have previously been associated with the reproducibility crisis in the biological literature. We assess a range of approaches to this new problem, testing different classification methods and deriving a dictionary of 29 features to characterize ECIS data. Most notably, our analysis enriches the current field by making use of simultaneous multi-frequency ECIS data, where previous studies have focused on only one frequency; using classification methods to distinguish multiple cell lines, rather than simple statistical tests that compare only two cell lines; and assessing a range of features derived from ECIS data based on their classification performance. In classification tests on fifteen mammalian cell lines, we obtain very high out-of-sample predictive accuracy. These preliminary findings provide a baseline for future large-scale studies in this field.
Surviving Defeat: battlefield surrender in classical Greece
Authors: Crowley Jason
Published: December 2019

The fate of war captives has been extensively explored, as, indeed, has the way that fate affects both the conduct and course of hostilities. Nevertheless, little research has been conducted on the link that connects the two, namely the act of surrender, and this is especially true of classical Greece. This article seeks to remedy this situation by answering three interlinked questions, namely: how men attempted to surrender on the battlefields of classical Greece; in what tactical conditions they did so; and finally, what prospects they had of surviving the process.
Auxiliaries and War-Financing in the Roman Republic
Authors: Gauthier François
Published: December 2019

Auxiliaries are usually studied in the late Republic or the Imperial period. Despite this emphasis in modern research, auxiliaries were employed in substantial numbers during the third and second centuries BCE. Auxiliaries did make a crucial contribution to the Roman war effort in the Middle Republic, providing a substantial part of Rome’s military manpower. These troops were most often financed by the community providing them, allowing the Roman state to save a great deal of money if similar numbers of Roman citizens had been deployed instead. This enabled the Roman state to significantly bolster its ability to project military power without having to implement additional financing mechanisms. Along with the use of auxiliaries, the suspension of tributum after the third Macedonian War seemed to have followed a policy of decreasing the burden of financing war for Roman assidui.
A case report of generalized tetanus in a 42-year-old man with dental infection
Authors: Ulfa Maria , Husna Nuril Auliya
Published: December 2019

Background

In the post-vaccination era, as it is today, generalized tetanus is a rare diagnosis, although mortality and morbidity continue to increase significantly throughout the world. Infection occurs when the Clostridium tetani spores are introduced into wounds, skin lesions and infections. The symptoms often begin with stiffness or spasms in the jaw muscles; they are called trismus or “lockjaw” and/or then spread to the neck and abdominal muscles.

Case presentation

This is a report of a 42-year-old man who was referred to the hospital with dysphagia, rigidity and trismus. He was diagnosed with generalized tetanus with a Philips score of 15. The patient was admitted to the isolation unit, received treatment that included procaine penicillin, metronidazole, diazepam, human tetanus immunoglobulin (TIG) and anti-tetanus serum (ATS). Treatment was considered according to the guidelines of the World Health Organization, and also, the drug dose has no adverse event reaction during the treatment.

Conclusion

The therapeutic response is related to the identification and appropriate treatment, especially in hospitalized patients with inadequate immunization so that patients recover soon.
Microarray findings in pregnancies with oligohydramnios – a retrospective cohort study and literature review
Authors: Singer Amihood , Maya Idit , Sukenik-Halevy Rivka , Tenne Tamar , Lev Dorit , Ben Shachar Shay , Sagi-Dain Lena
Published: December 2019

Objective

To explore the risk for abnormal chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) findings in pregnancies with oligohydramnios.

Methods

Data from all CMA analyses performed due to oligohydramnios between 2013 and 2017 were retrospectively obtained from the Israeli Ministry of Health database. The rate of clinically significant (pathogenic and likely pathogenic) findings was compared to a local cohort of pregnancies with normal ultrasound, yielding a 1.4% rate of abnormal CMA results. In addition, a search was conducted through the PubMed database addressing the issue.

Results

Fifty CMA analyses were performed due to oligohydramnios. The 2% risk for clinically significant CMA finding in pregnancies with oligohydramnios did not differ from the control population of 5541 pregnancies with normal ultrasound – relative risk (RR) 1.4 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2–10.2]. Literature search yielded 394 titles, of which four relevant articles were selected, all using fetal karyotyping.

Conclusion

There is yet insufficient evidence to support invasive prenatal testing in pregnancies with isolated oligohydramnios.
Clinical outcome of prenatally suspected cardiac rhabdomyomas of the fetus
Authors: Altmann Judith , Kiver Verena , Henrich Wolfgang , Weichert Alexander
Published: December 2019

Background

The main objective of this retrospective analysis in a large tertiary center was the clinical outcome of prenatally diagnosed cardiac rhabdomyomas as well as the identification of factors influencing fetal prognosis.

Methods

A total of 45 cases of fetuses with prenatally suspected rhabdomyoma and their clinical outcome were analyzed retrospectively. A review of the literature was also performed.

Results

In five cases, after a tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) mutation had been confirmed, termination of pregnancy was chosen. In 30 cases postnatal data were available. In 93% TSC was confirmed clinically or by mutational analysis. Two thirds of fetuses presented with multiple tumor while one third presented with a solitary tumor. In two fetuses mild pericardial effusions were observed. Another three fetuses presented with extrasystoles prenatally. No hydrops fetalis or fetal perinatal demise were observed. After birth 41% of the children suffered from arrhythmia including supra- and ventricular tachycardia, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and atrioventricular block. One child received a Fontan procedure with Glenn anastomosis. Another child with a dilatative cardiomyopathy and a left ventricular ejection fraction of 15% died. Fifty-two percent of the children with TSC suffered from epilepsy ranging from absence epilepsy and West syndrome to generalized seizures with a frequency of up to 40 per day. Two children underwent neurosurgery to remove the epileptogenic focus. One child suffered from TSC and Lesch-Nyhan disease. In another case Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome was identified as the causative disorder.

Conclusion

Rhabdomyoma are rare, benign tumors. There is an association with TSC. In the majority of cases rhabdomyoma are not hemodynamically relevant and do not increase in size. The quality of life of affected patients is impaired particularly due to epilepsy and psychomotor retardation.
An evaluation of thermal infrared cameras for surveying hedgehogs in parkland habitats
Authors: Bowen Clare , Reeve Nigel , Pettinger Tess , Gurnell John
Published: December 2019

We tested the effectiveness of thermal imaging cameras (TICs; model FLIR E60) for finding hedgehogs Erinaceus europaeus (Linnaeus, 1758) while carrying out volunteer spotlighting surveys in parkland habitats in Central London. Systematic and standardised surveys were carried out in The Regent’s Park, London in spring and autumn from 2016 to 2018. Night-time surveys were carried out in seven designated zones within the park by groups of 4–6 volunteers, three (occasionally four) with bright torches and one with a TIC. Hedgehogs were detected on 316 occasions; 166 using TICs, 133 using torches, 11 by sound and six unassisted. Hedgehogs were detected at significantly greater distances with TICs [mean = 30 m, standard deviation (SD) = 22.8 m, n = 166] than with torches (mean = 12 m, SD = 11.2 m, n = 133). We conclude that TICs operated by volunteers were particularly effective at detecting hedgehogs in our parkland surveys and using TICs to supplement torches in spotlighting surveys should be tested in other places, especially where there is a considerable amount of open habitat.
Social Work Between Germany and Mandatory Palestine: Pre- and Post-Immigration Biographies of Female Jewish Practitioners as a Case Study of Professional Reconstruction
Authors: Halpern Ayana , Lau Dayana
Published: December 2019

When social work emerged as a profession in the first decades of the 20th century, it was strongly influenced by emancipatory motives introduced by various sociocultural and religious movements, and at the same time devoted itself to the construction and maintenance of a powerful welfare and nation state. Transnational agents and social movements promoted these processes and played a crucial role in establishing and developing national welfare systems and relevant professional discourses. This article examines the gendered construction of the social work profession through the transnational history of early social work between Germany and the Jewish community in Palestine in the first half of the 20th century. By adopting a biographical approach to the specific paths of Jewish women practitioners who had been educated in German-speaking countries, immigrated to mandatory Palestine, and engaged themselves in the emerging field of social work, we will trace the construction of the profession as deeply embedded in social power relations. At the same time, we will trace its (re)construction as led mainly by female pioneers, who were concerned with emancipation, discrimination and migration.
„Ich Kam, Sah und Explodierte“ – Eine Episode aus dem Leben Sammy Gronemanns
Authors: Piotrkowski Meron-Martin
Published: December 2019

This article focuses on a particular episode in Sammy Gronemann’s life that occurred in 1902 and is briefly described in his memoires, Erinnerungen. Gronemann was asked to travel to Mainz for a propaganda lecture on behalf of the Zionist Movement in which he caused an uproar. Earlier in the year, the Jewish-orthodox newspaper Der Israelit of Mainz had published a slanderous article on the Zionist bank, the Jewish Colonial Trust, for which it was sued by the Zionist leadership. In the midst of the trial against the paper and its editor-in-chief, Oskar Lehmann, efforts were made to bring the trial to a quick end by means of a settlement. During Gronemann’s talk in Mainz, he spotted Lehmann in the audience and entered into a tirade. He publicly insulted Lehmann, who angrily left the venue. This caused an uproar and jeopardized the leverage of the Zionists in the settlement negotiations and the trial’s speedy conclusion. This paper provides the background to the events, discusses its outcome, and puts the episode in its historical context.
The Creature, the First Question: An Essay
Authors: Shahar Galili
Published: December 2019

The article deals with the notion of the “Creature” as being displayed in Joseph Wittig’s essay titled Der Weg zur Kreatur. This piece by Wittig (1879–1949), one of the co-founders of the journal Die Kreatur, himself a banished Catholic thinker, an excommunicated theologian, was published in the third volume of the journal in 1929/1930. The major argument to be presented here, following Wittig’s essay, concerns the path (but also the method) into the world of the creature, namely, the way-back, a regression, which depends on counter-movements, suspensions, gestures of recollection and witnessing. This path is based on the potentialities of the “first question” – a demand for the first word, a proper name for the silent, forgotten creature, being invited to encounter. The encounter with the creatures is a method of thinking, a way of being in this world that is based on the possibility of asking rightly the “first question”. For what this question performs is an attention, hearing of, a method of listening. In asking the question of (and for) the creature, language itself turns toward the world of the creation, in a search for a proper name, calling creation to be heard, to belong.
„We Have to Watch ou[t] for [the] Propaganda Effect“ – Ephraim Kishon und Friedrich Torberg publizieren „israelischen Humor“ zum Sechstagekrieg 1967
Authors: Körner Birgit M.
Published: December 2019

Zum Sechstagekrieg und dessen Folgen veröffentlichte der israelische Autor Ephraim Kishon in rascher Folge drei Bücher. Zwei davon sind zum Teil in starker Bearbeitung durch den österreichisch jüdischen Autor Friedrich Torberg auf Deutsch erschienen. Der vorliegende Aufsatz untersucht die Parameter dieses Gemeinschaftswerks zum ersten Mal vergleichend und auf der Basis unveröffentlichter Briefe. Die von Torberg vorgenommenen Veränderungen betreffen besonders Vergleiche mit NS-Deutschland, Verweise auf den Holocaust sowie den ironischen Umgang mit antisemitischen Stereotypen.

Des Weiteren wird deutlich, dass sich Kishon in seinen Texten auf die beiden zentralen Strömungen des „jüdischen Humors“ zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts bezieht: die in der deutschsprachigen Rezeption dominant wahrgenommenen ,harmlosen‘ Humoresken in der Tradition des osteuropäischen „jüdischen Witzes“ und die von Meyer-Sickendiek (2009) beschriebene westjüdische Tradition des literarischen Sarkasmus. Mit den beiden Bänden zum Sechstagekrieg wurde das deutschsprachige Publikum stärker mit der sarkastischen Seite von Kishons Humor konfrontiert.
Ad Acta: Nachgelassenes in Jerusalem
Authors: Weiss Yfaat
Published: December 2019

Auf dem 1913 in Wien stattfindenden Zionistischen Kongress wurde Chaim Weizmann beauftragt die auf Achad Ha’am zurückgehende Idee eines jüdisch-geistigen Zentrums durch die Gründung der Hebräischen Universität in Jerusalem zu realisieren. Die Vorstellung einer Universität des jüdischen Volkes blieb auch dann fester Bestandteil der zionistischen Vision, als mit der Balfour-Erklärung von 1917 die politische Begründung einer jüdischen Heimstätte in greifbare Nähe rückte. Beides fand 1925 auf dem Skopusberg bei der Inauguration der Universität in Anwesenheit des britischen Außenministers Arthur James Balfour seinen symbolischen Ausdruck. Mit der Flucht deutsch-jüdischer Gelehrter in den 1930er-Jahren und aufgrund der verzweifelten Versuche jüdischer Studierender, Mittel- und Osteuropa zu verlassen, änderten sich die Erwartungen an die Universität. Von nun an sollte sie zu einem „Nachtasyl“ werden. Bald darauf, ab Mitte der 1940er-Jahre, geriet sie zum Kampfschauplatz zwischen Juden und Arabern, um schließlich zur Universität des jüdischen Staates zu avancieren und als Ort der Gelehrsamkeit inmitten einer geteilten Stadt zu wirken. Der Aufsatz bietet einen Blick in das erst vor Kurzem konservierte Historische Archiv der Hebräischen Universität, um diese Entwicklungen zu erhellen.
Recent advances in nano-photonic techniques for pharmaceutical drug monitoring with emphasis on Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Frosch Timea , Knebl Andreas , Frosch Torsten
Published: December 2019

Innovations in Raman spectroscopic techniques provide a potential solution to current problems in pharmaceutical drug monitoring. This review aims to summarize the recent advances in the field. The developments of novel plasmonic nanoparticles continuously push the limits of Raman spectroscopic detection. In surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), these particles are used for the strong local enhancement of Raman signals from pharmaceutical drugs. SERS is increasingly applied for forensic trace detection and for therapeutic drug monitoring. In combination with spatially offset Raman spectroscopy, further application fields could be addressed, e.g. in situ pharmaceutical quality testing through the packaging. Raman optical activity, which enables the thorough analysis of specific chiral properties of drugs, can also be combined with SERS for signal enhancement. Besides SERS, micro- and nano-structured optical hollow fibers enable a versatile approach for Raman signal enhancement of pharmaceuticals. Within the fiber, the volume of interaction between drug molecules and laser light is increased compared with conventional methods. Advances in fiber-enhanced Raman spectroscopy point at the high potential for continuous online drug monitoring in clinical therapeutic diagnosis. Furthermore, fiber-array based non-invasive Raman spectroscopic chemical imaging of tablets might find application in the detection of substandard and counterfeit drugs. The discussed techniques are promising and might soon find widespread application for the detection and monitoring of drugs in various fields.
Crystal structure of bis(3-methoxy-N-(1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene)benzohydrazonato κ3
O,N,N′)zinc(II), C30H28N6O4Zn
Authors: Deng Xiao-Wei , Wu Wei-Na
Published: December 2019

C30H28N6O4Zn, orthorhombic, Aba2 (no. 41), a = 12.040(9) Å, b = 22.596(18) Å, c = 10.344(10) Å, V = 2814(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0463, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1435, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of (E)-2-cyano-N′-(1-(3-ethylpyrazin-2-yl)ethylidene)acetohydrazide, C11H3N5O
Authors: Gao Xiao-Li
Published: December 2019

C11H3N5O, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 15.727(4) Å, b = 5.0572(12) Å, c = 15.452(4) Å, β = 105.007(4)°, V = 1187.1(5) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0408, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1123, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of 5-((bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)methyl)quinolin-8-ol, C22H20N4O
Authors: Jia Liu , Xu-Liang Nie , Zhong-Ping Yin , Da-Yong Peng , Xu-Gen Shi
Published: December 2019

C22H20N4O, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 11.1861(14) Å, b = 8.1418(10) Å, c = 20.461(3) Å, β = 97.433(1)°, V = 1847.8(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0357, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1002, T = 296(2) K.
Introduction: Thirty Years of Borders Since Berlin
Authors: Myambo Melissa Tandiwe , Frassinelli Pier Paolo
Published: December 2019

November 9, 2019 marked the 30th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall, the physical and geopolitical barrier that divided Berlin and the East from the West. This event symbolically inaugurated the period of post-Cold War globalization. The birth of the World Wide Web that same year spurred on globalization and led many observers to believe that (national) borders had become passé. The zeitgeist seemed to promise a borderless world in which capitalism and democracy would flourish. However, instead, the last three decades have paradoxically borne witness to the proliferation, rescaling, and reinforcement of territorial and other types of borders – linguistic, religious, ethnic, class, racial, urban, cultural, digital, temporal etc. The contemporary preoccupation with borders and walls is the result of the “deglobalization” that is also, ironically, a global phenomenon – Brexit, Trump’s border wall, Israel’s concrete wall in the West Bank, xenophobia from South Africa to India to “Fortress Europe,” and the growing power of right wing authoritarian leaders in several nations. The resurgence of (ethno)nationalism, racism, white supremacy, isolationism, populism, protectionism, Islamophobia, anti-Semitism and religious fundamentalism are all dialectical consequences of this global backlash. This is the subject of this special issue.