bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resilience in Diet-quality Strategies of Mixed Native and Non-native Herbivore Communities in Semi-arid and Sub-humid Savanna Ecosystem
Authors: Lucie Stoklasová , Hejcmanová Pavla
Published: March 2021

The global climate change processes are expected to impact African savanna ecosystems in their ecological functionality and availability of food resources for herbivores. To understand the feeding responses of large savanna herbivores placed to space-constrained and two environmentally distinct (semi-arid versus sub-humid savanna) conditions, we investigated the diet quality of five species living in a mixed community of species native and non-native for the West African savanna and compared them between the two sites as a proxy for a potential ecosystem shift due to climate change. Grazers and mixed feeders maintained diet quality in most nutrients at similar levels, while browser’s diet had lower nitrogen and fibres, specifically lignin, and more calcium in semi-arid savanna. Our findings suggest that adaptation to different ecosystems with no possibility to leave the area required changes in feeding behaviour across feeding types to maintain diet quality, especially mixed feeders escaped the competition with zebras for grasses in sub-humid savanna by switching to browse. Pure browser experienced reduced diet quality in drier environment and may potentially become susceptible to ecosystem changes. Conservation strategies should facilitate both, animals’ adequate behavioural responses together with nutritional resilience in changing savanna landscapes.
Molecular Diagnosis of Kallmann Syndrome by Whole Exon Sequencing and Bioinformatic Approaches 
Authors: sun shuangshuang , wang ruixue
Published: March 2021

Background: Kallmann syndrome is a hypogonadotropic hypogonadism accompanied by anosmia or hypoxia. More than 10 Kallmann syndrome pathogenic genes have been found. However, only 30% of the incidence of Kallmann syndrome is related to the above genes, suggesting that there are other disease-related genes of KS that have not been found. Methods： We studied Kallmann syndrome pathogenesis through high-throughput exome sequencing on four patients with Kallmann syndrome for screening the potential pathogenic sites and exploring the genotype-phenotype correlation. Clinical data and peripheral blood samples were collected from the patients. White blood cells were separated and genomic DNA was extracted. High-throughput sequencing of all exons in the candidate pathogenic genes of the probands was performed, and the results obtained were analyzed. Results: Sequencing revealed mutations in the KLB, p.T313M, ANOS1, p.C172F, and IGSF10 (p.Lys1819Arg and p.Arg1035Thr) at different sites, which may have been associated with disease onset. Discovery of these sites can improve our understanding of KS pathogenesis and serve as a novel target in further studies on KS.Conclusion: our analysis found new mutation sites to facilitate follow-up research. Diagnosis of Kallmann syndrome is a challenging, timely diagnosis and treatment can induce puberty, thereby improving sexual, bone, metabolic, and mental health.
MtDNA variations at C5178a and A249d decrease the risk of severe COVID-19 in a Han Chinese population from Central China
Authors: Wu Yi , Wang Xianhui , Li Xihua , Song Liyuan , Yu Shilong , Fang Zhicheng , Liu Yuquan , Yuan Leyong , Peng Chunyan , Zhang Shenyi , Cheng Wang , Ma Hongchao , Wang Lifeng , Tang Junming , Wang Yunfu , Ji Fu-yun
Published: March 2021

Background: Mitochondria have been shown to play vital roles during SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 development. Currently, whether mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variations, which define mtDNA haplogroups and determine OXPHOS performance and ROS production, are associated with COVID-19 risk is unclear. Methods: A population-based case-control study was conducted to compare the distribution of mtDNA variations defining mtDNA haplogroups between healthy controls (n = 615) and COVID-19 patients (n = 536). COVID-19 patients were diagnosed based on molecular diagnostics of the viral genome by qPCR and chest X-ray or computed tomography (CT) scanning. The exclusion criteria for the healthy controls were any history of diseases in the one-month preceding study assessment. MtDNA variations defining mtDNA haplogroups were identified by PCR-RFLPs and HVS-I sequencing and determined based upon mtDNA phylogenetic analysis using Mitomap Phylogeny. Student’s t-test was used for continuous variables, and Pearson’s chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test was used for categorical variables. To assess the independent effect of each mtDNA variation defining mtDNA haplogroups, multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with adjustments for the possible confounding factors of age, sex, smoking and diseases (including cardiopulmonary diseases, diabetes, obesity and hypertension) determined through clinical and radiographic examinations. Results: Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that mtDNA variations at C5178a and A249d were associated with a reduced risk of severe COVID-19 (OR = 0.590, 95% CI = 0.428-0.814, p = 0.001; and OR = 0.654, 95% CI = 0.457-0.936, p = 0.020, respectively), while A4833G, A4715G, T3394C and G5417A/C16257a/C16261T were related to an increased risk of severe COVID-19 (OR = 2.336, 95% CI = 1.179-4.608, p = 0.015; OR = 2.033, 95% CI = 1.242-3.322, p = 0.005; OR = 3.040, 95% CI = 1.522-6.061, p = 0.002; and OR = 2.890, 95% CI = 1.199-6.993, p = 0.018, respectively). Conclusion: mtDNA variations C5178a and A249d might contribute to an individual’s resistance to developing severe COVID-19, whereas A4833G, A4715G, T3394C and G5417A/C16257a/C16261T might increase an individual’s risk of developing severe COVID-19. Trial registration: no.
Uterine Carcinoma With Complex Reasons for Hypercalcemia: a Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Liu Yuexi , Liu Bin , Li Ruo-nan , Wei Xing , Zhang Xiao-mei , Wang Zhi-hong , Linghu Hua
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a seldom seen histological subtype of endometrial cancer with aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. Among current literatures, no one was found to be hormonally functional.Case presentation: We reported a rare case of endometrial LCNEC expressing both parathyroid hormone (PTH) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTH-rp). With ectopic PTH secreted into the blood stream, the hypercalcemia caused by malignant existence and osseous metastasis were concealed and misled initially. Literature review: Systematic literature search of previously reported uterine large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas and ectopic PTH-secreting neuroendocrine tumor (NET) cases were conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE databases respectively. We identified 55 cases of uterine LCNEC and 7 cases of PTH-secreting NET. Clinicopathologic characteristics, treatment and prognosis of all collected cases were summarized. Conclusion: Although quite rare, endometrial cancer can be functional and secret ectopic hormone, causing confusing clinical features. This case demonstrated the challenge in diagnosing malignancy-associated refractory hypercalcemia.
The Prosthetic Rehabilitation of a partially amputated finger using a silicon prosthesis: A case report
Authors: Haque Merazul , Dable Rajani , Mutneja Puneet , Shrivastava Spardha P , Abdullah Sabzar
Published: March 2021

Abstract :

Loss always has a negative impact on an individual which engraves a feeling of incompleteness in many. Loss of anybody part creates an obstruction in the normal functioning of the body. Mostly the appendages such as arms, fingers, etc have a very important role in routine life which can restrict the living psychologically, functionally, and socially. The goal in rehabilitating a body part should be to create a substitute that is indistinguishable from adjacent and contralateral counterparts. Therefore maxillofacial prosthodontics is not only science but also an art. The present article is a case report of a person with a missing finger briefing the fabrication methodology of a custom-made silicone finger prosthesis.
Hemisection: An alternative to extraction : A case report
Authors: Khurana Deeksha , Thanvi Charu , Raisingani Deepak , Ashwini Prasad B.
Published: March 2021

Hemisection is sectioning of multi-rooted teeth followed by removal of compromised root along with its associated crown portion and leaving the healthy root (with crown) intact. This treatment option can be considered when caries, resorption, perforation, or periodontal damage is restricted to one root while the other root is relatively healthy. The most critical factor determiningthe long term success in such cases is the appropriate case selection. This case report describes a case of hemisectionof a mandibular molar followed by adequate restoration in a young patient.
Conservative management of discolored maxillary central incisor with open apex using Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) apical plug and walking bleach Method: A case report.
Authors: Pathak Vivek Kumar , Saxena Taruna , Singh Kaushal
Published: March 2021

Esthetics enhancement is a better treatment option for a non-fracture discolored traumatic maxillary central incisor (Max CI). The traumatic injury occurred in Max CI teeth because it was present in the most anterior region of the jaw. Necrosis (pulpal) in Max CI is the second commonest complication after fracture due to trauma. Open apex, incomplete root development, root shortening, roots with a poor remaining dentinal thickness (RDT), and a compromised crown root ratio all these factors affect the survival prognosis of traumatized teeth. Nowadays MTA based bio regenerative material helps in treatment strategies like apexification that was a popular treatment of open apex cases. Necrosis associated discoloration is managed with a conservative approach non-vital bleaching, less time consuming, and satisfy the economical and esthetic aspect for the patient.
Not all wounds are visible- COVID -19 and mental health
Authors: Pathak Swati , Shivalingesh K K  , Mir Henna , Saleem Adeeba , Srivastava Divya
Published: March 2021

This article reviews the effect on mental health during noble covid-19.This article also reviews the mental health during infection outbreak, Psychological impact of quarantine, During the covid-19 pandemic, mental health issues faced by health care workers.
Aftermath of Covid-19 Pandemic on oral surgery and orthodontic practices in Northern India
Authors: Variyta  , Chhabra Monika , Narula Ravi
Published: March 2021

The scuttlebutt is already churning out projections about what the post COVID-19 work environment might look like. While we get ‘old-school’ in tackling challenges, we may also want to consider getting ‘tech savvy’ in regards to oral health delivery via teledentistry for prior consultation ultimately decreasing footfall in OPDs. The COVID-19 outbreak serves as both a reminder and an opportunity to assist. This is an ever evolving dynamic situation, and recommendations discussed herein are based on the best currently available information. However, the decision of the treatment of patients still rests with the individual practitioner. The blanket instruction is to dodge all aerosol related procedures in dental setups. It’s dentist prerogative to install all fail-safes and perform restorative procedure requiring AGPs with all efforts to mitigate the risk of transmission of the SARS-Cov-2 virus and for minimal working times with the appropriate PPE and infection control protocols. Even when not using AGPs, it is important that robust infection control measures are employed as this isn’t a perfect world, and we’re still in the throes of a pandemic, making it imperative to cultivate the right mind-set within ourselves. The intent of the present review is to consider changes in the clinical oral and maxillofacial surgery and orthodontic workflow and, allow for a smoother transition, with less risk to our patients and healthcare personnel.
Catastrophic antiphospholipid COVID-19 syndrome
Authors: Polushin Yu. S. , Gavrilova E. G. , Shlyk I. V. , Lapin S. V. , Tkachenko О. Yu.
Published: March 2021

Thrombophilia, as well as multiple organ dysfunction, are typical manifestations of the severe new coronavirus infection that closely resemble the clinical signs of catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS). 

The objective: to assess whether catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome is an essential manifestation of severe forms of COVID-19.

Subjects and methods. 45 patients diagnosed with the new coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2) and a severe course of viral pneumonia (more than 3 points on the NEWS score by the admission, CT 3-4, oxygenation index below 100, the need for at least high-flow oxygen therapy).  They were assessed for the development of CAPS due to signs of progressing organ dysfunction despite the ongoing intensive therapy, suspected pulmonary embolism and progressing venous thrombosis of a lower extremity or subclavian vein.  It was an essential provision that they should have no signs of bacterial infection (blood procalcitonin should be below 0.5 μg/l). The antiphospholipid syndrome was diagnosed based on the detection of antibodies to β-2-glycoprotein in the blood  (A/t β-2-GP1 IgGAM, A/t β-2-GP1 IgM, A/t β-2-GP1 IgG) and to cardiolipin (A/t CL IgM , A/t CL IgG) by ELISA tests. The course of the disease was monitored using other routine clinical (temperature, complete blood and urine counts) tests and blood panel tests reflecting the severity of the systemic inflammatory response (ferritin, CRP, interleukins 6 and 18), and the state of the hemostatic, respiratory, circulatory, liver and kidney systems.

Results. Antiphospholipid antibodies (aAPL) moderately exceeding the reference values were detected in 9 out of 45 patients (20%), mainly due to IgA and IgM isotypes to β-2-glycoprotein and IgM isotype to cardiolipin.  The assessment of the antibody titer in 5 patients over time (after 7 days) revealed a decrease, but it did not affect the outcome (four of them died). In 36 patients, some traces of aAPL were found that did not reach the lower limit of the norm, despite the uniformity of the clinical signs and similarity of biochemical parameters reflecting the severity of organ disorders.  The absence of antibodies did not prevent the development of thrombotic complications (thrombosis of large vessels and pulmonary embolism in 5 patients). There were no other manifestations often associated with CAPS (thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, decreased fibrinogen concentration in the blood). 

Conclusion. Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome is not inevitable in severe COVID-19 cases, however, it can develop as one of the manifestations of thrombophilia that occurs in such patients.
Thromboembolic complications in COVID-19 disease, a brief update
Authors: Lavrentieva А. , Tsotsolis S.
Published: March 2021

The role of coagulopathy in severe novel coronavirus infection remains to be clarified. Coagulopathy mechanisms can be summarised in two main pathways: inflammation-related and specific-virus related pathways. The incidence of thromboembolic events is high with pulmonary embolism being the most frequent thromboembolic complication. Low molecular weight heparin is considered the main prophylactic and therapeutic option in patients with COVID-19. Treatment of thromboembolic complications should be started without delay in all cases with certain or clinically suspected diagnosis, whether confirmed or not with specific diagnostic methods. The article reviews the following: mechanisms of development of coagulopathy in COVID-19 including those directly related to the action of the virus, the diagnostic value of biochemical markers and thromboelastography, the incidence of thromboembolic events, and approaches to the prevention and treatment of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy.
The impact of non-invasive respiratory support techniques on the lethal outcome frequency in adult with severe respiratory failure caused by the new coronavirus infection
Authors: Tsygankov К. A. , Grachev I. N. , Shatalov Vladimir I. , Schegolev А. V. , Аveryanov D. A. , Lakotko R. S. , Karnaushkina М. А.
Published: March 2021

The objective: to evaluate the effect of high-flow oxygen and non-invasive ventilation on the mortality rate in adults with severe respiratory failure caused by the new coronavirus infection in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Subjects and methods. A one-center retrospective study was conducted. Electronic medical files of patients treated in the ICU from April 1 to May 25, 2020, were analyzed. Totally, 101 medical files were selected, further, they were divided into two groups. Group 1 (n = 49) included patients who received oxygen insufflation, and should it fail, they received traditional artificial ventilation. No non-invasive respiratory therapy was used in this group. Group 2 (n = 52) included patients who received high-flow oxygen therapy and non-invasive ventilation. The mortality rate in the groups made a primary endpoint for assessing the impact of high-flow oxygen therapy and non-invasive ventilation. The following parameters were also analyzed: drug therapy, the number of patients in whom non-invasive techniques were used taking into account the frequency of cases when these techniques failed, and the number of patients in whom artificial ventilation was initiated.

Results. In Group 2, non-invasive methods of respiratory therapy were used in 31 (60%) cases. High-flow oxygen therapy was used in 19 (36%) of them; in 13 cases this method allowed weaning them from the high flow. Non-invasive ventilation was used in 18 cases, in 12 patients it was used due to progressing severe respiratory failure during humidified oxygen insufflation, in 6 patients – after the failed high-flow oxygen therapy. In Group 1, 25 (51%) patients were intubated and transferred to artificial ventilation, in Group 2, 10 (19.2%) underwent the same. The lethal outcome was registered in 23 (47%) cases in Group 1, and in 10 (19.2%) in Group 2 (p = 0.004). Analysis of drug therapy in the groups revealed the difference in the prescription of pathogenetic therapy. Logistic regression demonstrated the effectiveness of the combination of tocilizumab + a glucocorticoid in reducing the frequency of lethal cases (p = 0.001).

Conclusion. The use of non-invasive respiratory support in adults with severe respiratory failure caused by the new coronavirus infection combined with therapy by tocilizumab + a glucocorticoid can reduce the incidence of lethal cases.
The effect of hypocapnia on systemic perfusion in patients with single ventricle after surgery
Authors: Naumov A. В. , Khubulava G. G. , Аleksandrovich Yu. S. , Marchenko S. P. , Pshenisnov К. V. , Pilyugov N. G.
Published: March 2021

The objective:the aim of the study was to identify the relationship between arterial hypocapnia and systemic hypoperfusion in newborns with single ventricular physiology after hemodynamic correction of congenital heart disease. 

Subjects and methods.125 newborns with congenital heart defects operated from 2014 to 2018 were examined retrospectively.  Arterial and central venous blood gases were collected in the postoperative period.  A total of 670 pairs of laboratory results were selected.

Results.Based on the presence/absence of hypocapnia (PaCO2 less than 35 mm Hg), 2 groups were formed. Group G-0 (the hypocapnic variant of the single-ventricular circulation) comprised 44 observations. Group G-1 (PaCO2 more than 35 mm Hg) included 40 observations.  In 32 (38%) cases the level of systemic perfusion was within the normal range, in 52 (62%) cases, systemic hypoperfusion was detected.  In samples corresponding to Group G-1, signs of DOS were observed in 20 cases.  The study showed that the most pronounced intergroup difference in parametric data was observed among indicators reflecting oxygen consumption and, as a consequence, the system flow rate (РO2 in mixed venous blood, saturation in mixed venous blood, arterio-venous difference in saturation, O2 content in venous blood, O2 extraction ratio, arterio-venous difference in РCO2).  In addition, the HF markers such as arterio-venous difference in saturation, O2 extraction ratio, arterio-venous difference in РCO2 had a strong correlation with the signs of systemic hypoperfusion. In the hypocapnic group, the tendency for more pronounced desaturation of venous blood was determined, and a higher arterio-venous difference in saturation, O2 content in venous blood, O2 extraction ratio, and arterio-venous difference in РCO2 parameters were also noted.

Conclusions.Arterial hypocapnia may be a sign of pulmonary overflow and reduction of systemic blood flow in newborns with single ventricular physiology, after hemodynamic correction of congenital heart disease.  When managing newborns with parallel circulation, hypocapnia should be avoided as a factor contributing to the redistribution of blood flow from left to right and the development of systemic hypoperfusion.
First record of the ectoparasitic nematode Amplimerlinius macrurus (Nematoda: Tylenchida) on the perennial grass Miscanthus × giganteus (Angiosperms: Poaceae) in Ukraine
Authors: Stefanovska Tatyana , Skwiercz Andrzej , Flis Łukasz , Pidlisnyuk Valentina , Zouhar Miloslav
Published: March 2021

The growing interest in biomass production of Miscanthus × giganteus (M × g) (Poaceae) on agricultural and marginal lands has prompted researches to identify plant pathogens and diseases affecting this crop which has a great potential for production of biofuels and different bioproducts. A soil survey of nematodes in the M × g rhizosphere and a report on the collection of the plant-parasitic nematode Amplimerlinius macrurus (Belonolaimidae) were accomplished in two locations in Ukraine. It is known that this family of nematodes can reduce the root system and biomass of Poaceae family plants. Both molecular and morphological characters were used to identify the nematodes; measurements and photomicrographs of the species were presented. This is the first documentation and description of A. macrurus in Ukraine to the best of our knowledge. Further investigation is underway to confirm the pathogenicity of this species on perennial grasses plantations.
CONTRADIÇÕES NO PARAÍSO: considerações sobre o planejamento territorial no Litoral Norte Paulista
Authors: Lourenço Suzana
Published: March 2021

O presente texto aborda diferentes aspectos do planejamento ambiental e urbano no Litoral Norte Paulista (LNP). Enfatizamos a necessidade da incorporação - nas normas, leis e instrumentos de aplicação e fiscalização - de projeções de cenários para que a sociedade da região esteja preparada para lidar com as mudanças climáticas e ambientais intensificadas a partir de 1970. Para isso, é necessária a produção de dados e indicadores que respaldem decisões políticas. Usamos a perspectiva da geografia histórica para refletir sobre como se deu a ocupação humana e as especificidades de uso do solo. Foram consultadas bases de dados sobre aspectos ambientais, climáticos e sociais. Partimos da premissa que os projetos de desenvolvimento são descolados à realidade socioambiental pela própria natureza vertical do processo de formulação de políticas e pela realidade da pouca prática de produção de informação socioambiental nas localidades e municípios. Regionalmente, essa prática reflete no aumento da fragmentação da Mata Atlântica e o avanço de mudanças no clima. As consequentes redefinições socioambientais e territoriais que se sobrepuseram dependem, atualmente, de estruturas de governo que não dispõem de estrutura informacional que sustente a regulação. Portanto, faz-se necessário soluções compartilhadas que podem fortalecer os governos locais por meio da produção de dados por meio de coletivos da sociedade civil e instituições de pesquisa.

Palavras-chave: Litoral Norte, São Paulo, planejamento.
OS TRÓPICOS COMO LUGAR DAS SOMBRAS MATERIAIS E IMATERIAIS
Authors: Carlitos Luis Sitoie
Published: March 2021

Trópicos, corresponde as áreas geográficas delimitadas ao Norte e ao Sul pelo paralelo 23°, acontecendo o solstício de inverno e de verão, no instante em que o sol está sobre a linha imaginária do Trópico de Câncer e de Capricórnio respectivamente. Já quando o sol atinge a obliquidade sobre a linha imaginária do equador, acontece o equinócio das águas e das secas. Os solstícios e os equinócios são representados por meio da sobreposição de sombras físicas ou matérias de objetos e das coisas. O estudo analisou para além das sombras físicas, as sombras imateriais representadas por meio de ideias ou movimentos de reivindicação contra eurocentrismo, desencadeados pelos povos da África, Ásia e América. Os trópicos representam também a zona de temperatura, umidade, flora e fauna especifica, dinamizando atividades diversas com destaque ao safar, turismo de sol e praia, etc.
Opportunities and challenges for the Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) in handling land cases in the new normal era
Authors: Ramadhani Rahmat , Lubis Ummi Salamah
Published: March 2021

During the Covid-19 pandemic and the new normal era, it became a separate challenge in resolving land cases by the National Land Agency (BPN). This condition is an opportunity as well as a challenge for the Ministry of ATR/BPN in carrying out its duties as an authorized official in its field. This writing uses legal research methods according to normative law. This type of research used in this writing is library research. Based on the results of the research, it is known that the settlement of land cases by the BPN is currently carried out based on Regulation Number 11 of 2016 as an effort to guarantee legal certainty and justice related to control, ownership, and use of land. One of the steps taken was mediation to reach an agreement, a peace agreement based on current events made mediation mandatory for the parties. That the opportunities and challenges for the BPNin resolving land disputes in accordance with the objectives of the new standard will be changed by the BPN. For this reason, it is necessary to conduct an assessment of opportunities and challenges for them. The Ministry of ATR/ BPN in solving and handling land cases in the new normal era like now.
Attachment, self-esteem, and subjective well-being among people in China aged 50 and over: The role of self-compassion
Authors: Ding Ningning , Xu Zikun
Published: March 2021

We explored the relationships among adult attachment, self-esteem, and subjective well-being of older people, and the moderating role of self-compassion. Using data obtained from a survey conducted with 308 community-dwelling adults aged from 51 to 79 years in China's Shandong Province,
we found that self-esteem mediated the effects of attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance on subjective well-being. Furthermore, self-compassion not only moderated the relationship between attachment anxiety and self-esteem, but also moderated the mediating effect of self-esteem in the
relationship between attachment anxiety and subjective well-being. The results not only extend understanding of the relationships that exist between adult attachment and subjective well-being, but also have implications for improving the psychological health and well-being of adults in later
life.
Biomarkers: An Important Tool for Diagnosing and Treating Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Chakraborty Tulshi , Gupta Sumeet , Saini Vipin , Talukdar Arindam
Published: March 2021

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disease caused by an abnormal increase in blood glucose levels due to abnormal activity of pancreatic beta cells. Elevated blood glucose levels causes a variety of cell damage, including endothelial cells, neurons, renal cells, keratinocytes, and fibroblasts. Chronic diabetes mellitus causes several diabetic manifestations such as diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic myopathy, and diabetic dermopathy. There are many causes and risks of diabetes mellitus, including type 1 diabetes caused by bacterial infections, chemical poisoning with food, and self-resistance; Type 2 diabetes is caused by obesity, weight gain, prediabetes and family history, and type 3 is caused by Cushing's syndrome. Diabetes mellitus treatment has encountered a few progressions in the previous decades with the revelation of explicit prescient prognostic biomarkers that make conceivable the use of individualized treatments. Various hypoglycemic oral and parenteral dosage formulations are used to treat diabetes mellitus, but insulin therapy is one of the most effective treatments for type 1 and type 2 diabetes and its complications. Various conventional diagnosing and treating methods of diabetes mellitus are available but there are limitations of resistance and, accuracy. For that reason now a day’s various biomarkers like Autoantibodies, C-reactive protein (CRP), Fibrinogen, Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), etc. are used for diagnosis; Adiponectin, microRNA, Acylcarnitine, Haemoglobin A1c, etc. are used for treatment, and 1,5-anhydroglucitol are used for both diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus. In this review, we discussed the functions, application and limitations of diabetes biomarkers in their use as diagnostic and treatment. These biomarkers are of paramount importance in the assessment and diagnosis process, leading to better care and protection of patients. Due to its various advantages, biomarkers are considered as an innovative tool in the advancement of diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Synergistic and Safe Antidiabetic Effect of Polyherbal Formulation: Comprehensive Overview
Authors: Pande Vipinchandra Bhaskarrao , Chandel Saket Singh , Soni Vishal
Published: March 2021

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder and enhances the glucose level in the blood. The synthetic antidiabetic agents are limited to the management of diabetes due to its adverse effects. The herbal medicines are the alternative and better option for the management of diabetes. Mostly Ayurvedic formulations are polyherbal formulation and impart chief role for the treatment of diabetes. The polyherbal formulation illustrates the combination of two or more herbs in formulation. The herbal components in the polyherbal formulation interacts leading to synergistic antidiabetic effect compared to the individual herb. Frequent available reports show evidence of synergistic effect of polyherbal drugs and their mechanism of action. But due to scanty availability of these reports in electronic libraries the researcher has to search the hard copies which leads to wastage of effort and time. To overcome these lacuna, this article was undertaken to scientifically review the in vitro and in vivo research studies on antidiabetic polyherbal formulations Further, the data presented in this review exploration of synergistic mechanisms of the antidiabetic polyherbal formulation will not only assist researchers to discover new phytomedicines or drug combinations but also support to avoid the possible negative synergy. Additionally, it would assist in clinical research for carrying out clinical trials to assess the efficacy of these herbal combinations and guide in understanding their synergistic mechanisms.

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STRATEGI PENINGKATAN KWALITAS PEMBERANGKATAN PEKERJA MIGRAN INDONESIA (PMI)
Authors: Erawan Wahid
Published: March 2021

This paper is the result of a literature study which is expected to be of benefit to academics, both students and lecturers, and it is also hoped that the relevant agencies can improve the quality of the departure of Indonesian migrant workers. Sometimes we neglect our duties and responsibilities, one of which is not paying attention to PMI's skills / expertise and only pursuing quota fulfillment targets. So that we need a good planning model between PMI, and a training place to improve the quality of PMI shipments in order to reduce PMI problems abroad. From the various existing literature, mapping strategies to improve the quality of migrant workers must follow the existing rules. From here it is not uncommon for the government, the private sector, or related agencies to encounter obstacles. In this study, the approach used is a qualitative approach, especially by using a systematic procedure for reviewing or assessing documents. The skills / expertise of prospective PMI need to be improved and supervision from the relevant government. In the future, we need a good planning model for training places to improve the quality of PMI shipments in order to reduce PMI problems abroad.
ANALYSIS OF NEEDS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF BASIC CONCEPT SOCIAL STUDIES TEACHING MATERIALS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHER EDUCATION COLLEGE STUDENTS
Authors: Rofiq Muhammad Aunur , Nurwulandari Ika
Published: March 2021

This study aims to analyze the students' needs for teaching materials in the basic concepts of social studies at STKIP Muhammadiyah Blora. Social studies basic concept courses are subjects that must be implemented by first semester students of the PGSD STKIP Muhammadiyah Blora Study Program. Currently the teaching materials used are simple teaching materials made by lecturers without paying attention to student needs. This study uses descriptive qualitative data analysis, namely analyzing the results of observations, interviews and user questionnaires about the basic concepts of social studies teaching material needs. The research was conducted at the PGSD STKIP Muhammadiyah Blora Study Program. The subjects of this study were the first semester students with a total of 47 students, Primary School Teacher Education Study Program, Basic Concept of Social Sciences courses. The results of data collection indicate that the teaching materials that need to be developed in the Basic Concepts of Social Studies course for PGSD students are textbooks in the form of modules. The development of teaching materials is based on the needs of students, namely on aspects of content / material, aspects of the feasibility of presenting teaching materials, and aspects of language feasibility.
Alternatif Fondasi Tiang Pancang Pada Gedung Pengendalian Penduduk dan Keluarga Berencana (P2KB) Palu
Authors: Hidayat R. , Irdhiani Irdhiani
Published: March 2021

The foundation design of Pengendalian Penduduk dan Keluarga Berencana is located on Jl. R.A. Kartini No. 100, Palu City, Central Sulawesi. In field testing using 2-point of (CPT), the value of hard-ground support at 8 – 9 m below the surface and the loads of building structures of 2 (two) floor buildings that work on the foundations are quite large, this is a consideration in choosing the type of used foundation. The point of this design is to obtain the dimensions of the pile foundation and calculate the bearing capacity of the foundation permit and settlement that meet the safety requirements. The calculation for bearing capacity of the foundation is calculated using (CPT) data and soil shear strength parameter data (c and tetha). Single pile is calculation by using the Semi-Empirical method and using Brooms Method for calculating lateral force on the driven piles. The dimensions of the foundation are planned based on the load (Qv) acting on the entire foundation. Calculation of bearing capacity of a single pile with a penetration depth of 8,20 m and varying dimensions are used in the planning. Based on the calculation of the bearing capacity of a single pile using (CPT) data on the load that works on the foundation, was obtained 25 cm and 30 cm diameter of pile. while the calculation uses ground shear strength parameter data (c and tetha) obtained pile diameter of 30 cm and diameter of 35 cm. Based on the calculation of the bearing capacity of a single pile, the dimensions of the foundation and the settlement in permits has reached the safety requirements.
Diagnostic journey of a primary renal synovial sarcoma
Authors: Raza Vishal , Arshad Dawood , Irshad Khalid , Khan Khalid
Published: March 2021

A middle aged female presented with a large flank mass, was initially
reported to be a renal cell carcinoma of the sarcomatoid variant.
Discordant presentation lead to further pathological work-up and a
primary renal synovial sarcoma was diagnosed. We present our journey in
images.
The association of different enteroviruses with atopy and allergic diseases in early childhood
Authors: Palmu Tiina , Lehtonen Jussi , Korhonen Laura , Virtanen Suvi , Niemelä Onni , Toppari Jorma , Ilonen Jorma , Veijola Riitta , Knip Mikael , Laitinen Olli , Lönnrot Maria , Hyöty Heikki
Published: March 2021

Background: Enterovirus (EV) infections, being among the most prevalent
viruses worldwide, have been associated with reduced risk of allergic
diseases. We sought to determine the association of EVs with allergic
sensitization and disease in early childhood. Methods: The study was
carried out in a nested case-control setting within a prospective birth
cohort in Finland. We included 138 case children who had specific IgE
(s-IgE) sensitization at the age of 5 years and 138 control children
without s-IgE sensitization. Allergic disease was recorded at study
visits and asked with ISAAC questionary. We screened for the presence of
serotype specific antibodies against 41 EVs at 1 to 5 years of age and
assessed their association with allergic sensitization and disease.
Results: The overall number of EV infections did not differ between
s-IgE-sensitized children and non-sensitized control children. However,
there was a tendency of case children with an allergic disease having
less EV infections than their controls. This observation was
statistically significant for species A EVs in case children with atopic
dermatitis vs. control children: OR 0.6 (95 % CI 0.36-0.99), P = 0.048.
Conclusion: This study supports the evidence that EV exposure and
development of allergic disease are inversely associated. Interestingly,
the inverse association was not observed for bare atopic IgE
sensitization, but for IgE sensitization coupled with clinical atopic
disease. This suggests that environmental factors influencing IgE
sensitization may differ from those influencing progression to clinical
allergic disease.
Canine leptospirosis in stray and sheltered dogs: a systematic review
Authors: Costa Anna Cecília , Colocho Raisa , Pereira Carine , Lage Andrey , Heinemann Marcos , Dorneles Elaine
Published: March 2021

The aim of this systematic review was to identify articles on prevalence
of leptospirosis in stray and sheltered dogs worldwide and access the
methodological quality of the recovered papers. Six databases (CABI,
Cochrane, Pubmed, Scielo, Scopus and Web of Science) were searched,
without restriction on year or location where the studies were
performed. The search recovered 476 articles and 60 were selected for
analysis according to quality criteria. None of the selected articles
showed a complete explanation for the sample size adopted (probabilistic
sampling), leading to the impossibility of recalculation of
leptospirosis prevalence for stray or sheltered dogs. Among the analyzed
papers 43.33% (26/60) showed five of the ten quality criteria analyzed,
16.67% (10/60) three, 15.00% (9/60) four, 10.00% (6/60) six, 6.67%
(4/60) eight, only 5.00% (3/60) showed nine of the ten criteria
analyzed, whereas two papers showed two [1.67% (1/60)] and seven
[1.67% (1/60)] of the ten criteria assessed. The majority of the
papers were published in the Americas [45.00% (27/60)] and in the
last sixteen years (2003 to 2019) [81.67% (49/60)], and most of the
sampled dogs were stray dogs [65.00% (39/60)]. The leptospirosis
diagnostic test used more frequently was Micro Agglutination Test (MAT)
[78.33% (47/60)] followed by polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
[23.33% (14/60)], whereas the most common serovars identified were
Canicola [71.43% (35/49)], Icterohaemohrragiae [65.31%
(32/49)], Grippotyphosa [40.82% (20/49)] and Pomona [40.82%
(20/49)]. In conclusion, our results showed that Leptospira spp. is
present in stray and sheltered dogs worldwide, but the complete
comprehension of the prevalence of leptospirosis in these populations
could not be achieved due to the low methodologic quality of the
recovered studies about leptospirosis in stray and sheltered dogs.
A New Asymmetric Fully Homomorphic Encryption Scheme for Cloud Banking Data
Authors: Omar Zana Thalage , Salman Abed Fadhil , Khamees Ahmed Shaimaa
Published: March 2021

Most banks in our time still use the common traditional systems of high cost and relatively slow, we are now in the era of speed and technology, and these systems do not keep pace with our current age, so saving cost and time will be considered a fantastic thing for banks. The way to that is to implement cloud computing strategies with Considering data security and protection when it comes to using the cloud. The best solution to protect data security on the cloud is fully homomorphic encryption systems. The time it takes to encrypt and decrypt data is one of the main barriers it faces. Our current research provides a new algorithm for a publicly-keyed encryption system to keep bank data from tampering and theft when stored on the cloud computing platform, and our new system achieves fully Homomorphic Encryption, which allows mathematical operations to be performed on the encrypted text without the need for the original text. The security of the new system depends on the issue of analyzing huge integers, which reach 2048 bits, to their prime factors, which are considered almost impossible or unsolvable. A banking application has also been created that encrypts the data and then stores it on the cloud. The application allows the user to create accounts and deposits, transfer and withdraw funds, and everything related to banking matters.
A Rare Case of a Large Meningocele Posterior Sacrococcygeal
Authors: Francis Rakotondraibe Willy , Synèse Bemora Joseph , Nouraly Habib , Henintsoa Raveloharimino Nirina , Guichard Tsiaremby Marc , Norotiana Rabesandratana , Diavolana Andrianarimanana , Clément Andriamamonjy
Published: March 2021

We report a case of sacrococcygeal meningocele simulating a sacrococcygeal teratoma. Likewise, there are a discussion of the pathophysiology and surgical approach of these types of lesions. We present a case of an exceptionally large posterior coccygeal meningocele of a newborn, and show the interest of radio-echographic couple and the interest of a management surgical approach. This was a case of posterior coccygeal meningocele, in a 10-day-old newborn born at term, with no known maternal history other than active smoking. The clinical examination finds a eupneic newborn, presents a median mass at the level of the sacrococcygeal part, of soft consistency, painless, without signs of inflammation, of normal skin, volume 18 x 21 x 19 cm, with positive transillumination test, no sensitivomotor deficit of both limbs, no other malformative anomalies detected clinically, but presence of anal atony and vesico-anal inconstancy. The ultrasound reveals a fluid formation containing small cysts. The x-ray revealed the absence of the posterior coccyx arch, an appearance in favor of a posterior sacrococcygeal meningocele. The surgery consisted of a meningocele cure followed by a buttock plasty. The postoperative follow-up was simple, without infectious or metabolic complications. Standardization and improvement of accessibility to ultrasound and obstetric MRI could improve the antenatal diagnosis of this pathology in Madagascar.
冠狀病毒不但襲擊個體，還襲擊政體與團體
Authors: SASS Hans-Martin
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.阿爾貝‧卡繆（Albert Camus）在《瘟疫》中講述了一個霍亂瘟疫的故事，流行病不僅奪去了人們的生命，還摧毀了鎮上的政治和商業機構。現實的新冠肺炎大流行將會如何殺死或傷害我們、我們的朋友和家人，以及毀壞我們的技術、企業、文化和政治實體的綜合互動呢？如果災難或壞人造成我們喪失電能，我們將如何獲得水、食物和資訊呢？我們將如何找到共同生活在健康、和平與自由中的新的穩固形態？最後，我還有五個問題想邀請讀者和我一起進一步思考：(1)"內迴圈"和"幸福總值"的改善能否為政治實體皫穩定和健康提供新的機遇？(2) "一帶一路"倡議能否為所有相關實體提供一個穩采的解決方案？(3) 規模較小的政治和企業團體能否變得更強大、更健康？我們應該如何培育它們？(4) 人工智能是否能成為未來的政治機構的堅固環節，還是會瓦解、摧毀傳統建制？(5) 整合生命倫理學和生命政治學能否找到其他出路？La Peste (1947) by Albert Camus relates the story of a cholera plague that not only killed people in a town but also devastated the town’s political and business bodies. How is the COVID-19 pandemic harming not only us, our friends, and our families, but also the integrated interactions of our bodies with technologies, corporations, cultures, and politics? How will we get water, food, and information if we have no electricity, due to either the COVID-19 disaster or immoral people? How will we find new solid forms of living together in health, peace, and liberty? I pose the following five questions.(1) Will better “domestic circulation” and “gross happiness products” offer new opportunities for stable and healthy political bodies? (2) Will the Belt-and-Road Initiative have healthy solutions for all bodies involved? (3) Will smaller political and corporate bodies be more robust and healthier, and how can we grow them? (4) Will artificial intelligence build strong organs in future political bodies, or will they disintegrate and destroy them? (5) Will integrated bioethics and biopolitics find other solutions?DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 12 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
反思現代文明的脆弱——回應薩斯教授
Authors: KWAN Kai Man
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.In my response to Prof. Sass, I first elaborate some points on which we agree. For example, I find the five crises of modern civilization discussed by Prof. Sass to be quite real, and I believe that this points to the fragility of modern civilization. I then critique the Enlightenment ideology of progress and argue that we need to prepare for the possibility of a cultural decline. I also agree with Prof. Sass’s emphasis on both the human potential for creativity and the human capacity for self-destruction. This contradicts liberal optimism about human nature and raises questions about our internal and spiritual resources. I support Prof. Sass’s critique of modern society’s obsession with GNP (Gross National Product) and agree that the concept of a GHP (Goss Happiness Product) is a better criterion for a good society. However, I believe that we must overcome even the vestiges of hedonism by affirming the intrinsic value of an objective moral order that transcends human happiness. In the end, in the face of the possibilities of disasters and the collapse of modern civilization, we need to return to our basic communities, such as family, and emphasize the cultivation of virtue.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 7 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.