bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Priority monism and the emergence of spacetime
Authors: Baron Sam , Pohlmann Jessica
Published: February 2025

There has been a recent surge of interest in the idea that spacetime is not fundamental. Much of this interest has focused on the implications for physics. There has been less work investigating the implications of spacetime emergence for existing theories in metaphysics. This paper aims to fill this gap by considering the impact of spacetime emergence on priority monism. We argue that one prominent version of priority monism is incompatible with spacetime emergence. We go on to present a solution to this problem, which involves rethinking the nature of concreteness. This leads to a new version of priority monism that is compatible with emergent spacetime.
Management of Bone Health in Adult Mastocytosis
Authors: Degboé Yannick , Nezzar Coralie , Alary Pauline , Maëva Masson , Bulai Livideanu Cristina , Laroche Michel
Published: February 2025

Purpose of Review

The present review will examine bone disease in mastocytosis, analyze the existing literature on its management, and propose a strategy for osteoporosis treatment in systemic mastocytosis. This strategy is based on both the available scientific evidence and the experience gained at our expert center (CEREMAST).

Recent Findings

Systemic mastocytosis is a rare disorder, primarily affecting the bone and leading to osteoporosis, bone pain, and bone structural abnormalities. While traditionally described in indolent systemic mastocytosis, bone involvement is also observed in bone marrow mastocytosis. The true prevalence of systemic mastocytosis is likely underreported, highlighting the importance for clinicians to be familiar with the condition, particularly in cases of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis management typically involves bisphosphonates, with potential benefits from combining them with specific treatments like interferon in severe osteoporosis with vertebral fractures. The potential of new mast cell-targeting molecules to treat bone involvement needs to be demonstrated.

This review provides a guide for osteoporosis and bone pain management in systemic mastocytosis.
Does true love conquer all? The role of romanticized beliefs, abuse type, and ambivalent sexism on emerging adult women’s response intentions to dating violence
Authors: Oldac Buse , Ustunel Anil Ozge , Erdem Gizem
Published: February 2025

Dating violence is a common problem that affects young women’s well-being globally and in Turkey. Understanding young women’s interpretations of and response intentions to dating violence is crucial for tackling this problem. Previous research points to romantic love myths and sexist beliefs as factors that justify and normalize violence. Thus, the current research aimed to identify the effects of romanticization and abuse type on young Turkish women’s response intentions to dating violence and examine the moderating role of ambivalent sexism via three consecutive studies. Study 1 included three pilots to prepare, revise, and finalize hypothetical vignettes containing physically or emotionally abusive behaviors (N
total = 131), while Study 2 examined response intentions to violence (N = 100). Informed by their findings, Study 3 had an experimental design where the participants were randomly assigned to one of the four conditions [2x2 design; abuse type (physical/emotional) and romanticization (yes/no)] to read a vignette and complete a follow-up survey (N = 400). Analysis revealed that young women reported a higher intention to display surviving behaviors (e.g., accommodating the partner) when the vignettes involved emotional abuse, when dating violence was romanticized, or when they endorsed higher ambivalent sexism. In physical abuse scenarios, young women intended to respond more by restoring control (e.g., getting help from friends/family), resisting (e.g., confronting the partner), or ending the relationship. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of young women’s perceptions and possible responses to dating violence and inform culturally tailored prevention programs to be implemented on university campuses.
Multicultural counseling competence for addressing the mental health needs of international students in Korea: a concept mapping study
Authors: Nam JeeEun Karin , Kim Dongil
Published: February 2025

This study addresses the pressing need to improve mental health services for the increasing population of international students by enhancing our understanding of multicultural counseling competence. Utilizing the concept mapping methodology, this research identifies effective counselor behaviors necessary for providing optimal counseling services to international students at university counseling centers in Korea. Through interviews with 20 counselors, 78 competence behavioral indicators were identified and organized into six competence clusters across two dimensions: the source of counselor capacity and the direction of counselor efforts. The six identified categories are: (1) Sustaining awareness, attitude, and abilities for international student counseling, (2) Acquiring knowledge to understand international students, (3) Utilizing culturally responsive counseling strategies, (4) Employing procedural strategies to create an open and supportive environment, (5) Engaging in extended roles, and (6) Practicing self-care and professional development. Each competence indicator was evaluated based on its importance and degree of implementation. The findings offer valuable insights that can enhance counseling outcomes for international students by equipping counselors with the necessary competencies to effectively serve this unique population.
Profiles of intrinsic motivation and motivational learning strategies in Spanish University students
Authors: Méndez Inmaculada , Ruiz - Esteban Cecilia , Martínez-Ramón Juan Pedro , Garcia-Manrubia Belen , García-Fernández José Manuel
Published: February 2025

At the university stage, students must face new challenges and achieve necessary academic goals, with intrinsic motivation and the effective use of learning strategies playing a relevant role in not procrastinating. The objective of the study was to investigate the profiles of university students according to their levels of intrinsic motivation. It also sought to examine whether students with different intrinsic motivation profiles differ significantly in motivational learning strategies. The study participants were 719 university students in Spain (M = 21.31; SD = 4.43), being 64.8% women. The Educational Motivation Scale and the Questionnaire of Learning Strategies in University Students were used. During the completion of the instruments, anonymity and confidentiality of the data were ensured. Informed consent was requested from the participants, who participated voluntarily, without receiving any reward and were able to unsubscribe at any time. This was a cross-sectional study that used convenience sampling. The latent profile analysis was carried out. The results revelated that different intrinsic motivation profiles have been found among university students. Likewise, it was found that the different profiles differ significantly in motivational learning strategies. It was shown that those students with high values of intrinsic motivation are characterized by using motivational learning strategies to a high degree compared to students with low or intermediate values. The findings of the study can help personalize educational programs by providing prevention and intervention methods regarding inappropriate patterns in the use of students’ learning strategies as well as self-regulation in the learning process to ensure academic success.
Questioning origins: the role of ethical and metaethical claims in the debate about the evolution of morality
Authors: Hufendiek Rebekka
Published: February 2025

Research about the evolution of morality suffers from the lack of a clear, agreed-upon concept of morality. In response to this, recent accounts have become increasingly pluralist and pragmatic. In this paper, I argue that 1) both the concept of morality and the broader understanding of what makes us moral include ethical and metaethical assumptions; 2) there is no uncontroversial descriptive notion available, and therefore settling on a particular concept inevitably entails such assumptions; and 3) what is lacking is a reflection on the role that ethical and metaethical assumptions play, suggesting that the debate would benefit from making them explicit. Claims about “the true origin of morality” can fruitfully be analyzed as “mixed claims”: claims that combine a causal-historical hypothesis (e.g., about the evolution of a certain ability, such as empathy or joint intentionality) with ethical or metaethical assumptions about which abilities or norms make us moral. Making such assumptions explicit advances the epistemic aims of transparency and comparability, and thereby helps to avoid rash conclusions regarding, for instance, the nature of moral progress. Finally, it helps to unpack the normative knowledge shared by behavioral scientists and comparative psychologists and to give this knowledge its proper place in research.
Analysis of Physical Education Teaching Quality Based on Hierarchical Fuzzy Set Theory
Authors: Tang Chunlong
Published: February 2025

The quality of physical education often faces challenges due to inadequate evaluation methods that fail to provide accurate, real-time teaching evaluation. These challenges influence student performance and overall teaching quality. This article introduces a quality assessment method using fuzzy set theory (QAM-FST) to evaluate physical education teaching. The proposed method extracts and classifies all the available teaching data to compute the students' performance over sessions through fuzzy rough set differentiations over partial and complete derivatives. The complete derivatives identify the factors contributing the maximum to the teaching quality, while the partial derivatives acquire the minimal influence factors. These derivatives are clubbed together through the hierarchical process to identify the precise quality impacting factors and least impacting factors to replace or recommend alternate suggestions. The QAM-FST framework offers a comprehensive, data-driven assessment ensuring the enhancement of PE teaching quality. The QAM-FST outperforms three current models in terms of suggestion accuracy (96.8%), assessment time reduction (22.66%), and total performance evaluation efficiency (16.78%). This data-driven platform guarantees improved physical education instruction quality through actionable insights obtained from real-time feedback.
Integration of CFO-based three-dimensional target manoeuver compensation guidance rate and transition region optimisation algorithm
Authors: Qi G.Y. , Zhang X.L. , Li L.Y. , Wang S.S. , Zhang H.Y.
Published: February 2025

To address the challenges of high-manoeuver targets and limited line-of-sight from the interceptor’s side window, this paper proposes a three-dimensional target manoeuver compensation control (TMCC) guidance law based on compensation function observe (CFO) and a method for studying the terminal guidance handover region. First, a relative model of the missile-target engagement is established. Secondly, the CFO is used to estimate the target manoeuver state, and the estimated information is fed back to the controller of the orbit control engine to make the interception more accurate. Considering the limited line of sight of the side window, the body line of sight angle is constrained by controlling the attitude control engine. Then, the problem description for solving the handover area and the definition of the terminal guidance handover area were provided, and the algorithm design for the handover area was conducted, simplifying the solving process through the concept of area substitution. Simulation results indicate that the proposed terminal guidance law offers higher interception accuracy compared to traditional proportional guidance, and effectively validates the accuracy of the handover region calculation.
‘We need allies and collective security’: How the end of the Second World War caused multilateralism in Europe and bilateralism in Asia
Authors: Cohen Michael D.
Published: February 2025

Why is there no NATO in Asia? Literature on this question is selective and incomplete. This paper develops a new theory with determinate predictions regarding patron and clients’ alliance design preferences, the alliances that result, the commitments therein, and alliance duration. A subtle but nonetheless persistent form of entrapment problem exists with clients that don’t want a war yet fear adversary aggression. Clients’ commitment to collective security is a hand-tying costly signal that assures the patron of client resolve to defend the status quo and reduces the probability and costs of entrapment. Patrons will rationally prefer to join in an alliance clients who have already made a collective security commitment. Clients are more likely, the paper shows, to make such commitments when their adversary credibly threatens to militarily occupy at least one of them. This is more likely in land than in sea theatres. When clients fail to realise collective security, patron efforts to impose it on them will fail, will result in short lived multilateralism, and will force bilateralism on the patron. The paper uses new archival evidence from Britain and Australia to show how this strategic framework explains variation in alliance design in Europe and Asia.
Time and Change in Mesolithic Britain c. 9800–3600 cal bc
Authors: CONNELLER CHANTAL , GRIFFITHS SEREN
Published: February 2025

The Mesolithic has been characterised as temporally homogeneous: a period of stagnation or degeneration with hunter-gatherers focused on routine economic practices in an endlessly repeating seasonal round. Characterisation of the Mesolithic as timeless and unchanging derives in part from our current poor internal chronological resolution, which appears even more acute given the recent ground-breaking advances for chronological precision in adjacent time periods. However, these tendencies are exacerbated by a focus in Mesolithic studies on an outdated and simplified bipartite typological framework for the period, linked to a small number of well-preserved sites that come to stand for human lifeways across millennia. These approaches produce a peculiar temporal model within Mesolithic studies. We argue that we need both more accurate and precise chronologies, and narrative approaches that write stories of these people in their own emergent and uncertain times. To begin to do so, this paper presents a new chronological framework for British Mesolithic assemblages, based on collation, audit, and Bayesian modelling of radiocarbon measurements associated with particular microlith forms. With this new approach, we outline different understandings of temporality and inhabitation for the period c. 9800–3600 cal bc.
Tracking Late Holocene climate change and the 1908 Tunguska impact event from lake sediments in Central Siberia
Authors: Rogozin D.Y. , Nazarova L.B. , Rudaya N.A. , Frolova L.A. , Bolobanshchikova G.N. , Palagushkina O.V. , Darin A.V. , Meydus A.V.
Published: February 2025

We studied a 2200-year-old sediment core from Lake Zapovednoye, a small, deep, freshwater lake near the site of the 1908 Tunguska impact event. Analysis of the sediment core for geochemistry, pollen, chironomids, Cladocera, and diatoms revealed traces of climatic fluctuations during the investigated time period during which a cool climate before 1000 CE was replaced by the Medieval Climatic Optimum, the Little Ice Age, and finally the modern warming. An increased content of terrigenous elements was identified at the depth corresponding to ca. 1908 CE. This layer presumably resulted from erosion of the soil cover after the tree fall caused by the Tunguska impact event (the largest recorded in history). For the first time, the reaction of lake biota to an impact event has been detected. Our study has demonstrated that the taxonomic diversity of hydrobionts (chironomids and cladocerans) significantly declined after the catastrophe, probably due to increased turbidity, and recovered in 6–10 years. The pollen and diatom assemblages, however, demonstrated weaker compositional shifts.
Radiocarbon evidence over the apparent grand solar minimum around 400 BCE
Authors: Dee Michael , Scifo Andrea , Rohra Tarun , Joosten Jente , Kuitems Margot , Vos Wesley , Manning Sturt , Westphal Thorsten
Published: February 2025

Grand solar minima are periods spanning from decades to more than a century during which solar activity is unusually low. A cluster of such minima occurred during the last millennium, as evidenced by reductions in the numbers of sunspots observed and coeval increases in cosmogenic isotope production. Prior to the period of instrumental records, natural archives of such isotopes are the only resources available for detecting grand solar minima. Here, we examine the period 433–315 BCE, which saw a sustained increase in the production of the cosmogenic isotope, radiocarbon. Our new time series of radiocarbon data (Δ14C), obtained on cellulose extracted from known-age oak tree rings from Germany, reveal that the rise in production that occurred at this time was commensurate with patterns observed over recent grand solar minima. Our data also enhance, and to a degree challenge, the accuracy of the international atmospheric radiocarbon record over this period.
An exceptionally preserved conifer wood Metapodocarpoxylon from the Jurassic of northeastern Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau, and its palaeobiogeographic and palaeoclimatic significances
Authors: Xie Aowei , Chen Hongyu , Wang Yongdong , Tian Ning , Xu Min , Zhu Yanbin , Zhang Li , Teng Xiao , Uhl Dieter
Published: February 2025

The Early-Middle Jurassic impression/compression macroflora and the palynoflora from the Qaidam Basin in the northeastern Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau have been well studied; however, fossil wood from this region has not been previously documented systematically. Here, we describe an anatomically well-preserved fossil wood specimen from the Lower Jurassic Huoshaoshan Formation at the Dameigou section in northern Qinghai Province, northwestern China. This fossil exhibits typical Metapodocarpoxylon Dupéron-Laudoueneix et Pons anatomy with usually araucarian radial tracheid pits and variable cross-field pits, representing a new record for Metapodocarpoxylon in the Qaidam Basin. This discovery indicates that trees with this type of wood anatomy were not confined to northern Gondwana but also grew in more northerly regions in Laurasia. The wood displays distinct growth rings, with abundant, well-formed earlywood and narrow latewood. This observation, along with previous interpretations based on macroflora, palynoflora and sedimentological data, suggests that a warm and humid climate with mild seasonality prevailed in the region during the Early Jurassic.
Credit Data, Banks, “Packaging Agencies” and the Promise of Digital Lending to Small Businesses in China
Authors: Tao Han
Published: February 2025

Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in China often struggle to secure loan financing. In response, the government has required banks to increase credit for MSMEs and incorporate digital technologies into traditional credit evaluation models. In 2018, the state introduced “credit easy loan” digital lending platforms under its social credit system to facilitate collateral-free loans for MSMEs in a bid to enhance financial inclusion and social trust. Meanwhile, the actual implementation of these initiatives remains understudied. Drawing on six months of ethnographic fieldwork, this paper examines how “packaging agencies” act as intermediaries in preparing and “beautifying” bank loan applications. These agencies may manipulate credit data and leverage close relationships (guanxi) to help clients obtain loans, while banks may tacitly approve their practices to fulfil their financial inclusion requirements. Through such processes and in a supposedly digitalized system, a single MSME loan multiplied into ten loans, large companies became small businesses, and one housewife became a creditworthy microentrepreneur.
The legacy of history: women and the ownership of land in Ireland
Authors: Curtin Mary , Murphy Caroline , Woods Una , Cross Christine
Published: February 2025

This paper is a review of existing sources across disciplines focusing on the topic of female farm ownership. Throughout the centuries, females have been explicitly excluded from owning and prevented from inheriting land. The purpose of this paper is to examine historical customs and rules governing female land ownership in Ireland and to demonstrate how the ‘old’ laws and customs have contributed significantly to the patriarchal system of farm ownership that is still in existence today even though the gender-based laws have disappeared. This paper argues that a contributing factor to the current male-dominated farm ownership figures is the normalisation of patriarchy by way of the old, gendered laws and practices. Although gender discrimination is no longer acceptable in such a direct legal form, the tradition and culture that established and supported such customs can still be seen today, as males account for 87% of Irish farmholders. This research addresses a lacuna in our understanding of women’s unequal position when it comes to the ownership of farms in Ireland.
When Can Government Paternalist Interventions Be Justified? Welfare-to-Work and Interference Intentions
Authors: Fei Shuo , Zhang Chenggang
Published: February 2025

This research investigates Universal Credit (UC) claimants’ interpretation of their experiences when interacting with frontline stakeholders. Government paternalist frameworks restrict justifiable paternalistic intervention to those measures intended to correct individuals’ judgement and means to achieve their own ends, while minimising the loss of autonomy. This study is situated at the intersection of government paternalism and street-level bureaucracy literature. We highlight the need for clear government interference intentions in defining paternalism and for distinguishing between the motivations of frontline staff and overarching government policy. Our argument is that the government should assess and consider the frontline staff’s perception of what ought to be promoted, intervening only when there is a failure in the frontline staff’s approach to achieving the wellbeing of the individual as determined by the individual themselves, and where governmental judgement can achieve better outcomes for the individual.
Soaring Building Collapses in Southern Mediterranean Coasts: Hydroclimatic Drivers & Adaptive Landscape Mitigations
Authors: Fouad Sara S. , Heggy Essam , Amrouni Oula , Hzami Abderraouf , Nijhuis Steffen , Mohamed Nesma , Saleh Ibrahim H. , Jomaa Seifeddine , Elsheshtawy Yasser , Weilacher Udo
Published: February 2025

The low‐lying, arid coastal regions of the Southern Mediterranean Basin, extending over 4,600 km, face daunting sea level rise and hydroclimatic changes due to shifting weather patterns. The impact of these factors on coastal urban buildings and infrastructure must be better understood. Alexandria, a historic and densely populated port city in Egypt representative of several coastal towns in the Southern Mediterranean, has experienced over 280 building collapses along its shorelines over the past two decades, and the root causes are still under investigation. We examine the decadal changes in coastal and hydroclimatic drivers along the city's coastline using photogrammetric satellite images from 1974 to 2021. We explore the interconnectivity between shoreline retreat, ground subsidence, and building collapses. Our results suggest that collapses are correlated with severe coastal erosion driven by sediment imbalances resulting from decades of inefficient landscape management and urban expansion along the city's waterfront. This severe erosion, combined with sea level rise, increases seawater intrusion, raising groundwater levels in coastal aquifers. Degrading ground stability and accelerating corrosion in building foundations ultimately culminating in collapses. We identified a coastal area of high vulnerability with over 7,000 buildings at risk, surpassing any other vulnerable zone in the Mediterranean Basin. We propose cost‐effective and nature‐based techniques for coastal landscape adaptation to alleviate these dangers in Alexandria and other Southern Mediterranean cities facing similar climatic challenges.
Crater Detection Dependence on Resolution, Incidence Angle, Emission Angle, and Phase Angle
Authors: Robbins Stuart J. , Kirchoff Michelle R. , Ostrach Lillian R.
Published: February 2025

Impact crater population detection and measurement is critical to understanding solar system bodies and dynamics. However, the ability to detect all possible craters under different lighting and camera geometries has not been systematically studied except in a few limited cases. This work presents the first systematic study examining crater detection based on resolution, incidence angle, emission angle, and phase angle, by three independent researchers to also test reliability of our conclusions. We found the best incidence angles for crater detection to be ∼74°–82°. We found little dependence on emission angle with geometries as high as ∼60°, while phase angles ∼20°–75° produce reliable crater populations. Resolution requires at least 6 pixels, and it is likely researcher‐, geometry‐, and terrain‐specific. This work reveals potential biases in crater analysts' work and can be used for missions planning encounters so they can achieve the best, most reliable recovery of crater populations.
Global Fjords as Minor Sources of Nitrous Oxide to the Atmosphere
Authors: Politi T. , Yau Y. Y. , Santos I. R. , Cabral A. , Cheung H. L. S. , Majtényi‐Hill C. , Ulfsbo A. , Wåhlin A. , Bonaglia S.
Published: February 2025

We report high‐resolution observations of N2O sea‐air fluxes at six fjords spanning arctic, subarctic, and temperate climates. Icelandic and Swedish fjords were sources of N2O at 97.6 ± 10.5 and 19.9 ± 19.3 μg N2O m−2 day−1, respectively. These fjords showed increasing N2O concentrations toward the head. In contrast, a Greenland fjord exhibited net N2O uptake at −8.3 ± 7.8 μg N2O m−2 day−1 with decreasing concentration toward the head of the fjord. Individual fjords appear to have unique N2O drivers such as temperature, salinity, chlorophyll, and pH but no overarching driver was identified across all fjords. In Icelandic and Swedish fjords, low oxygen in subsurface waters and aquaculture activities may have enhanced N2O emissions. Globally, fjords release 7.9 ± 1.7 Gg N2O yr−1 to the atmosphere, which represents 2%–13% of global emissions from coastal ecosystems. These N2O emissions offset 3.5% of CO2 sequestration in fjords.
On the Slow Decay of El Niño in CMIP6 Models
Authors: Wei Yihua , Yuan Chaoxia , Chen Han‐Ching , Luo Jing‐Jia
Published: February 2025

The decay pace of El Niño can significantly modify its impacts on the Asian climate during the post‐El Niño summer. Hence, accurately reproducing the observed decay pace in state‐of‐art coupled models is essential for realistic climate simulations. In the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project models, El Niño decays slower than observed. This slower decay can be attributed to weaker‐than‐observed air‐sea coupling in the models that causes a weaker atmospheric convective response and smaller westerly anomalies along the equatorial Pacific during the El Niño life cycle. The smaller westerly anomalies result in a slower discharge of equatorial ocean heat, weaker negative/positive thermocline anomalies along/off the equator and thus a weaker meridional gradient of the thermocline anomalies. This weakens the easterly current anomalies, diminishes the zonal advection feedback, and ultimately slows the decay pace of El Niño in the models.
How Does Pacific Decadal Oscillation Modulate Extreme Heavy Rainfall Frequency Over Far East Asia?
Authors: Park Haerin , Mun Taeho , Cha Dong‐Hyun , Lee Myong‐In , Lee Minkyu , Min Seung‐Ki , Kim Baek‐Min , Son Seok‐Woo
Published: February 2025

We investigated the relationship between heavy rainfall events (HREs) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) occurring in Korea over Far East Asia for 40 years (1981–2020). Using K‐means clustering on the low‐level jet, we identified four clusters (C1–C4), with C1 being characterized by weaker synoptic conditions. Out of the four clusters, C1 represented localized extreme HREs compared with the other clusters. Interestingly, only the HRE frequency of C1 was found to have a strong negative correlation with PDO. During the negative‐PDO, sea surface temperature increased above 30°N, which decreased the meridional temperature gradient. This weakened the atmospheric circulation and created thermodynamic instability (i.e., weakened upper jet, increased low‐level temperature, higher atmospheric water capacity), creating a favorable environment for HRE in C1. However, this negative‐PDO environment provided somewhat unfavorable conditions for other clusters (C2–C4), so the PDO impact was insignificant.
Enhancing Nowcasting With Multi‐Resolution Inputs Using Deep Learning: Exploring Model Decision Mechanisms
Authors: Cao Yuan , Chen Lei , Wu Junjing , Feng Jie
Published: February 2025

Nowcasting methods based on deep learning typically rely solely on radar data. However, effectively leveraging multi‐source data with diverse spatio‐temporal resolutions remains a significant challenge in the field. To address this challenge, we propose and validate a novel deep learning model for nowcasting, termed Nowcastformer. This model utilizes radar data and upper‐air atmospheric variables, and has been pretrained on satellite data from non‐target regions. Quantitative statistical assessments demonstrate that both the integration of multi‐source data and the implementation of pre‐training strategies enhance the model's performance. Additionally, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of predictor importance, revealing a trend where atmospheric variables become increasingly important as the forecast horizon increases. To illustrate the model's interpretability, we employ the integrated gradients method, which highlights critical areas in representative cases and provides insights into the model's decision‐making process.
Recent Tectonic Activity in and Around the Posidonius Crater, Moon
Authors: Kimi K. B. , Vijayan S. , Sharini K. S. , Harish  , Tuhi S. , Chavan Anil , Priya R. K. S.
Published: February 2025

Tectonic structures such as wrinkle ridges, lobate scarps, small‐scale graben, and tectonic pits reveal the recent lunar activity and complex deformational processes. Despite numerous studies, the northeastern region of the Mare Serenitatis basin, including the Posidonius crater, has yet to be studied in detail. This research presents a comprehensive analysis of tectonic structures in this region, revealing ∼808 km of wrinkle ridges, ∼286 km of lobate scarps, ∼346 km of small‐scale graben, and ∼269 tectonic pits. We identified 412 craters deformed by wrinkle ridges, 55 craters by lobate scarps, and 108 craters by small‐scale graben, suggesting extensive recent deformation. Chronological analysis of wrinkle ridges and lobate scarps revealed young ages ranging from Ma to ∼120 ± 30 Ma close to the crater, whereas Posidonius crater resurfaced floor age tend to Ga. Our study suggests that the blind thrust fault deformed the western floor of the Posidonius crater, with small‐scale graben with pits plausibly developed during the reactivation. Orthogonal transitions that occur between adjacent wrinkle ridges and lobate scarps in the study area could be a splay fault of the blind thrust fault and likely formed during the reactivation. This reactivation plausibly resulted from a combination of recession stresses, diurnal tidal stresses, and global contraction. Additionally, a combination of complex processes─intrusion, subsidence, and tectonics associated with the blind thrust fault plausibly influenced Rima Posidonius. Overall, this study suggests that the northeastern region of the Mare Serenitatis basin witnessed recent tectonic activity and could be a potential site for future exploration missions.
Colour triad in rare-earth doped glass: a step toward volumetric displays
Authors: Zhu Yiyuan , Deng Renren
Published: February 2025

Full-colour tuning in rare-earth doped monolithic tellurite glass is realised via excitation pulse modulation, enabling a novel platform for laser-based transparent displays. This advancement demonstrates the potential of upconversion emission for future display technologies.
Uncovering two neutrophil-committed progenitors that immediately precede promyelocytes during human neutropoiesis
Authors: Signoretto Ilaria , Calzetti Federica , Finotti Giulia , Lonardi Silvia , Balanzin Camillo , Bianchetto-Aguilera Francisco , Gasperini Sara , Gardiman Elisa , Castellucci Monica , Russignan Anna , Bonifacio Massimiliano , Sica Antonio , Vermi William , Tecchio Cristina , Scapini Patrizia , Tamassia Nicola , Cassatella Marco A.
Published: February 2025

Technological advances have greatly improved our knowledge of myelopoiesis, for example, with the discovery of granulocyte‒monocyte‒dendritic cell (DC) progenitors (GMDPs), monocyte‒DC progenitors (MDPs), common DC progenitors (CDPs) and common monocyte progenitors (cMoPs) on the basis of flow cytometry approaches. Concomitantly, some progress has been made in characterizing the very early phases of human neutropoiesis with the description of novel CD66b+ progenitors, including eNePs, PMs w/o eNePs, ProNeus, and PreNeus. More recently, we identified four SSCloLin-CD66b-CD45dimCD34+/CD34dim/-CD64dimCD115- cells as the earliest precursors specifically committed to the neutrophil lineage present in human bone marrow (BM), which we called neutrophil-committed progenitors (NCPs, from NCP1s to NCP4s). In this study, we report the isolation and characterization of two new SSChiCD66b-CD64dimCD115-NCPs that, by phenotypic, transcriptomic, maturation and immunohistochemistry properties, as well as by flow cytometric side-scattered light (SSC), stand after NCP4s but precede promyelocytes during the neutropoiesis cascade. Similar to SSCloCD45RA+NCP2s/NCP3s and SSCloCD45RA-NCP1s/NCP4s, these cells exhibit phenotypic differences in CD45RA expression levels and, therefore, were named SSChiCD45RA+NCP5s and SSChiCD45RA-NCP6s. Moreover, NCP5s were more immature than NCP6s, as determined by cell differentiation and proliferative potential, as well as by transcriptomic and phenotypical features. Finally, by examining whether NCPs and all other CD66b+ neutrophil precursors are altered in representative hematological malignancies, we found that, in patients with chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP-CML), but not with systemic mastocytosis (SM), there is an increased frequency of BM NCP4s, NCP6s, and all downstream CD45RA-negative neutrophil progenitors, suggesting their expansion in CML pathogenesis. Taken together, our data advance our knowledge of human neutropoiesis.
The AhR-Ovol1-Id1 regulatory axis in keratinocytes promotes epidermal and immune homeostasis in atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation
Authors: Chen Zeyu , Dragan Morgan , Sun Peng , Haensel Daniel , Vu Remy , Cui Lian , Zhu Peiyao , Yang Nan , Shi Yuling , Dai Xing
Published: February 2025

The skin is our outer permeability and immune defense barrier against myriad external assaults. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) senses environmental factors and regulates barrier robustness and immune homeostasis. AhR agonists have been approved by the FDA for psoriasis treatment and are in clinical trials for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD), but the underlying mechanism of action remains poorly defined. Here, we report that OVOL1/Ovol1 is a conserved and direct transcriptional target of AhR in epidermal keratinocytes. We show that OVOL1/Ovol1 influences AhR-mediated regulation of keratinocyte gene expression and that OVOL1/Ovol1 ablation in keratinocytes impairs the barrier-promoting function of AhR, exacerbating AD-like inflammation. Mechanistically, we have identified Ovol1’s direct downstream targets genome-wide and provided in vivo evidence supporting the role of Id1 as a functional target in barrier maintenance, disease suppression, and neutrophil accumulation. Furthermore, our findings reveal that an IL-1/dermal γδT cell axis exacerbates type 2 and 3 immune responses downstream of barrier perturbation in Ovol1-deficient AD skin. Finally, we present data suggesting the clinical relevance of OVOL1 and ID1 functions in human AD skin. Our study highlights a keratinocyte-intrinsic AhR-Ovol1-Id1 regulatory axis that promotes both epidermal and immune homeostasis in the context of skin inflammation, identifying new therapeutic targets.
Context-guided segmentation for histopathologic cancer segmentation
Authors: Juybari Jeremy , Hamilton Josh , Chen Chaofan , Khalil Andre , Zhu Yifeng
Published: February 2025

Microscopic inspection of histologically stained tissue is considered as the gold standard for cancer diagnosis. This research is inspired by the practices of pathologists who analyze diagnostic samples by zooming in and out. We propose a dual-encoder model that simultaneously evaluates two views of the tissue at different levels of magnification. The lower magnification view provides contextual information for a target area, while the higher magnification view provides detailed information. The model consists of two encoder branches that consider both detail and context resolutions of the target area concurrently for binary pixel-wise segmentation. We introduce a unique weight initialization for the cross-attention between the context and detail feature tensors, allowing the model to incorporate contextual information. Our design is evaluated using the Camelyon16 dataset of sentinel lymph node tissue and cancer. The results demonstrate the benefit of including context regions when segmenting for cancer, with an improvement in AUC ranging from 0.31 to 0.92% and an improvement in cancer Dice score ranging from 4.09% to 6.81% compared to single detailed input models.
Mitigation potential of urban greening during heatwaves and stormwater events: a modeling study for Karlsruhe, Germany
Authors: Pace Rocco , Endreny Theodore A. , Ciolfi Marco , Gangwisch Marcel , Saha Somidh , Ruehr Nadine K. , Grote Rüdiger
Published: February 2025

Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of urban heat islands and stormwater flooding. In order to mitigate these threats cities are turning toward green infrastructure to restore the hydrologic cycle in a way that increases the ecosystem services provided by trees. Strategically designed green infrastructure can mitigate runoff volume by rainfall interception through tree canopies and redirect impervious runoff into bioswales that promote infiltration. In addition, urban greens mitigate extreme heat via evapotranspiration and shading. Here we applied the i-Tree HydroPlus model to the German city of Karlsruhe and its twenty-seven districts with varying initial conditions of tree cover to analyze the potential for both runoff and heat mitigation during dry and wet periods throughout a 5-year period. After analyzing initial tree cover and drainage conditions, we used the model to simulate a green infrastructure scenario for each district with restored hydrology and tree cover at 30%. Regarding trade-offs between runoff and heat mitigation, the results confirm that dry soils before storm events lead to greater runoff reduction by 10%, and wet soils prior to heatwaves resulted in a greater evaporative cooling. Compared to current conditions, the green infrastructure scenarios resulted in decreasing the number of extreme heat hours (Heat Index > 31 °C) per year on average by 64.5%, and to reduce runoff in average by 58% across all city districts. Thus, our simulation results show that investing into a greener infrastructure, has positive impacts on microclimate and hydrology. Finally, we discuss synergies and trade-offs of the investigated management options as well as the transferability of results to other cities.
Enantioconvergent nucleophilic substitution via synergistic phase-transfer catalysis
Authors: Dooley Claire , Ibba Francesco , Botlik Bence B. , Palladino Chiara , Goult Christopher A. , Gao Yuan , Lister Andrew , Paton Robert S. , Lloyd-Jones Guy C. , Gouverneur Véronique
Published: February 2025

Catalytic enantioconvergent nucleophilic substitution reactions of alkyl halides are highly valuable transformations, but they are notoriously difficult to implement. Specifically, nucleophilic fluorination is a renowned challenge, especially when inexpensive alkali metal fluorides are used as fluorinating reagents due to their low solubility, high hygroscopicity and Brønsted basicity. Here we report a solution by developing the concept of synergistic hydrogen bonding phase-transfer catalysis. Key to our strategy is the combination of a chiral bis-urea hydrogen bond donor (HBD) and an onium salt—two phase-transfer catalysts essential for the solubilization of potassium fluoride—as a well-characterized ternary HBD–onium fluoride complex. Mechanistic investigations indicate that this chiral ternary complex is capable of enantiodiscrimination of racemic benzylic bromides and α-bromoketones, and upon fluoride delivery affords fluorinated products in high yields and enantioselectivities. This work provides a foundation for enantioconvergent fluorination chemistry enabled through the combination of a HBD catalyst with a co-catalyst specifically curated to meet the requirement of the electrophile.
Ferromagnetic transformation of α-Fe2O3via Co doping for efficient water oxidation under magnetic field
Authors: Wang Hong , Dong Yuan , Ying Jie , Zhu Ziheng , Feng Yuan , Xiao Yu-Xuan , Tian Ge , Shen Ling , Geng Wei , Lu Yi , Wu Siming , Yang Xiao-Yu
Published: February 2025

A high-temperature sintering method is developed to transform non-ferromagnetic α-Fe2O3 into ferromagnetic Co0.14FeOx, which exhibits significantly enhanced OER activity under a magnetic field.
Reactivity of copper(i) complexes supported by tripodal nitrogen-containing tetradentate ligands toward gaseous diatomic molecules, NO, CO and O2
Authors: Morimoto Yuma , Inoue Keisuke , Itoh Shinobu
Published: February 2025

Cu(i) complexes with N-based tetradentate ligands were evaluated for reactivity toward NO, CO, and O2. More negative oxidation potentials increased reactivity; the most electron-poor complex reacted selectively with NO.
Oxygen vacancy-enriched ZIF-8-encapsulated Au nanoparticles for boosting electrochemical dopamine sensing
Authors: Yan Dawei , Zhou Xiaoxia , Jia Xiaoqing , Zhu Shengke , Wang Zizhao , Li Guisheng , Wang Shige
Published: February 2025

We have proposed a locking in situ reduction series strategy for designing an electrochemical DA sensor, Au@ZIF-8, which demonstrated high sensitivity (24.28 μA μM−1 cm−2) in the linear range of 0.5–150 μM and low detection limit (0.003 μM, S/N = 3).
An artificial biocatalytic cascade for the synthesis of aryl l-threo-β-hydroxy-α-aminobutyric acids via a carbon-chain extension strategy
Authors: Zhang Sisi , Chen Xi , Chen Mengyao , Zhang Xiaohe , Li Tianming , Hao Jianxiong , Feng Jinhui , Wu Qiaqing , Zhu Dunming , Chen Qijia
Published: February 2025

An artificial biocatalytic cascade was developed to synthesize chiral aryl β-hydroxy-α-aminobutyric acid analogues from achiral benzaldehyde derivatives, glycine, and l-threonine.
Two-dimensional single-crystal periodic macroporous ZnO sheets for extraordinary photocatalytic performance for antibiotics
Authors: Zhou Ling , Fu Yongjun , Mo Manxing , Tong Yihan , Niu Ping , Wei Junchao , Zhang Rongbin , Deng Ruihong , Wang Xuewen
Published: February 2025

2D single-crystal periodic macroporous structure of ZnO effectively accelerates carrier migration.
1D TiO2 photoanodes: a game-changer for high-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Srivastava Kumar Vaisno , Srivastava Pooja , Srivastava Akancha , Maurya Raj Kumar , Singh Yatendra Pal , Srivastava Abhishek
Published: February 2025

A schematic illustrating the initial characteristics, phases, nanostructures, and potential future applications of 1D TiO2 photoanodes.
Dynamic surface reconstruction engineers interfacial water structure for efficient alkaline hydrogen oxidation
Authors: Yang Chaoyi , Dai Zihao , Yue Jianchao , Wang Guangqin , Luo Wei
Published: February 2025

Through dynamic Se leaching and phase transition during HOR process, the obtained Pt–Se catalyst with surface-decorated Se atoms regulates the water structure and accelerates the OH migration, thereby boosting the HOR performance.
Turing patterns on polymerized membranes: coarse-grained lattice modelling with an internal degree of freedom for polymer direction
Authors: Kato Fumitake , Koibuchi Hiroshi , Bretin Elie , Carvalho Camille , Denis Roland , Masnou Simon , Nakayama Madoka , Tasaki Sohei , Uchimoto Tetsuya
Published: February 2025

We numerically study Turing patterns (TPs) on two-dimensional surfaces with a square boundary in R3 using a surface model for polymerized membranes.
Thermal conduction-induced crystallization and achieving high efficiency in HTM-free carbon-based CsPbI2Br solar cells by regulating the dipole moment of aliphatic amine acetate additives
Authors: Zhang Xinlong , Huang Jincheng , Zuo Hengzhi , Zhang Yuanfang , Guo Yuhang , Shi Yifei , Chen Jianlin , Li Guijun , Li Wei , Peng Zhuoyin
Published: February 2025

The thermal conduction-induced crystallization and the aliphatic amine acetate additive-optimized dipole moment have successfully modified the properties of the CsPbI2Br film, leading to high efficiency in HTM-free carbon-based CsPbI2Br solar cells.
Synthesis, crystal growth and phase formation in the K–(Yb,Tm,Ho)–Mo–O system
Authors: Maltsev Victor V. , Volkova Elena A. , Koporulina Elizaveta V. , Kuzmin Nikolai N. , Jiliaeva Anna I. , Kiriukhina Galina V. , Naprasnikov Daniil A.
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we discuss the phase formation, solid-state synthesis and growth of K(Yb,Tm,Ho)(MoO4)2 and (Yb,Tm,Ho)2Mo3O12 crystals from high-temperature melts in the K–(Yb,Tm,Ho)–Mo–O system.
Exploring the temperature dependence of β-hairpin peptide self-assembly
Authors: Samdin Tuan D , Wang Xiaoyi , Fichman Galit , Schneider Joel P
Published: February 2025

Herein, we study the role that hydrophobicity plays in the temperature-dependent self-assembly of a family of β-hairpin peptide amphiphiles through the lens of thermally folding a protein from its cold-denatured...
The cellular basis of meristem development in fern gametophytes
Authors: Xie Chong , Zhang Cankui , Liu Xing , Zhou Yun
Published: February 2025

The life cycle of land plants is characterized by alternating generations of sexual gametophytes and asexual sporophytes. Unlike seed plants, seed-free vascular plants, including ferns, initiate and maintain pluripotent meristems during their gametophyte phase to sustain body expansion and drive the formation of sexual organs for reproduction. This review summarizes meristem development among various fern species during the gametophyte phase, focusing on the cellular basis of meristem initiation, proliferation, and termination. We review the different types of gametophytic meristems in ferns, including apical cell (AC)-based meristems, multicellular apical meristems, and multicellular marginal meristems. We highlight both conserved and lineage-specific patterns of cell division, which are closely associated with these meristem identities and play crucial roles in shaping gametophytic morphology. Additionally, we highlight recent progress in understanding the dynamics of cell division and growth that drive meristem development, through studies that integrate confocal live imaging and computational quantitative analysis. Furthermore, we discuss the influence of environmental and genetic factors on cell division activity in fern gametophytes, including conserved transcriptional regulators that sustain meristem indeterminacy and proliferation in the model fern Ceratopteris richardii.