bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Að fanga fagurferðilegt gildi landslags: Þróun aðferðafræði í rannsóknum við mat á landslagi
Authors: Waage Edda R.H , Jóhannesdóttir Guðbjörg R.
Published: December 2019

Í þessari grein er fjallað um þverfaglega rannsókn á fagurferðilegu gildi landslags sem unnin er á sviði umhverfishugvísinda. Til að varpa ljósi á samhengi og aðdraganda þeirrar rannsóknar er í fyrstu rakin saga landslagsrannsókna á Íslandi frá aldamótunum 2000, en frá þeim tíma hefur hugtakið landslag fest sig í sessi sem eitt af þeim viðmiðum sem horfa þarf til í ákvörðunum er varða skipulagsmál og landnýtingu. Innan háskólasamfélagsins og á verkfræðistofum hefur markvisst verið unnið að því að þróa aðferðir sem þjóna þeim tilgangi, en nokkuð hefur skort á samtal þar á milli, sem og sameiginlegan hugtakaskilning. Í þeirri rannsókn sem hér er fjallað um er þróuð ný aðferðafræði sem byggir á þeim hugtakaskilningi sem höfundar hafa leitt fram með fyrirbærafræðilegri nálgun innan heimspeki og mannvistarlandfræði. Hér eru dregnir fram valdir þættir hins fagurferðilega gildis og um þá fjallað í ljósi kenninga í náttúrufagurfræði, en umfjöllunin er angi stærri rannsóknar sem unnin var fyrir faghóp I í Rammaáætlun. Með þessari grein er varpað ljósi á gildi rannsókna á sviði umhverfishugvísinda þegar kemur að stjórnsýslulegum ákvörðunum er varða umhverfismál.
Tiede avautuu yhteiskuntaan
Authors: Tuomi Lauri
Published: December 2019

Avoimella tieteellä ja tutkimuksella pyritään edistämään tiedettä ja lisäämään sen yhteiskunnallista vaikuttavuutta. Muutos koskettaa aikuiskasvatustiedettä.
Nykyaikaista naista luomassa
Authors: Turunen Arja
Published: December 2019

Suomalaisen 1900-luvun alun porvarillisen naisliikkeen tavoitteena oli kasvattaa sivistyneitä, siveellisiä, taloudellisia ja ahkeria naisia. Tässä artikkelissa Arja Turunen tutkii, kuinka uudenlaisia naiskansalaisuuden ihanteita opetettiin naistenlehtien pukeutumisohjeiden kautta. Artikkelin aineistona ovat 1920- ja 1930-luvuilla Kotiliedessä, Emäntälehdessä ja Toverittaressa julkaistut pukeutumista ja muotia käsitelleet jutut. Lehtien säästäväisyyttä ja käytännönläheisyyttä painottaneet pukeutumisneuvot heijastivat lukijoiden taloudellista tilannetta, mutta artikkelissa osoitetaan, että ne samalla edustivat myös kulutuskulttuurin tuloa sekä kytkeytyivät aikakauden kansalaiskasvatuksen tavoitteisiin. Ohjaamalla naisia pukeutumaan tilanteen ja aseman mukaan sekä huomioimaan funktionaalisuuden, hygieenisyyden ja taloudellisuuden vaatimukset lehdet välittivät lukijoilleen uudenlaista itsetarkkailuun perustuvaa terveys- ja sivistysajattelua. Täten ne tähtäsivät tavallisen kansan ja työväestön elämäntavan, arvojen ja normien sekä ulkoasun muuttamiseen. Vaikka lehtien välillä oli poliittisia eroja, porvarillista naisliikettä edustaneen Kotilieden ja Emäntälehden ohjeet olivat saman tyyppisiä kuin työväenliikettä edustaneen Toverittaren ohjeet.
Kriisivuorovaikutuksen jännitteet organisaation mainekriiseissä
Authors: Hammarén Anni , Laajalahti Anne
Published: December 2019

Organisaation mainetta ja mainekriisejä on tutkittu runsaasti eri tieteenaloilla. Tässä artikkelissa syvennetään ymmärrystä organisaation mainekriiseistä kriisivuorovaikutuksen ja mainekriisien parissa työskentelevien viestinnän ammattilaisten näkökulmasta. Aiheen tarkasteluun sovelletaan relationaalisen dialektiikan viitekehystä (Baxter & Montgomery, 1996). Tutkimuskysymys on seuraava: millaisia kriisivuorovaikutuksen jännitteitä viestinnän ammattilaiset kohtaavat organisaation mainekriisien yhteydessä? Tutkimusaihetta lähestytään mainekriisien parissa työskentelevien viestinnän ammattilaisten kokemana ja kuvaamana. Tutkimus on laadullinen, ja tutkimusaineisto koostuu kahdeksan viestinnän ammattilaisen teemahaastattelusta. Aineisto analysoitiin teoriaohjaavan sisällönanalyysin keinoin. Tulosten mukaan kriisivuorovaikutusta luonnehtii organisaation mainekriiseissä kaksi pääjänniteparia: (1) nopeuden ja harkinnan sekä (2) avoimuuden ja salailun jännite. Nämä jänniteparit jakaantuvat edelleen siten, että nopeuden ja harkinnan jännite sisältää yllätyksellisyyden ja ennakoitavuuden sekä uuden ja perinteisen kriisiviestinnän alajännitteen ja avoimuuden ja salailun jännite sisältää vuorovaikutteisuuden ja yksisuuntaisuuden sekä yhdenmukaisuuden ja moniäänisyyden alajännitteen. Kriisivuorovaikutuksen jännitteiden ymmärtäminen auttaa mainekriisien hallinnassa, kriisivuorovaikutuksen kehittämisessä sekä viestinnän ammattilaisten tukemisessa työssään. Päätännössä tuodaan esille tutkimustulosten sovelluskohteita ja jatkotutkimustarpeita. Lisäksi arvioidaan relationaalisen dialektiikan soveltuvuutta viestinnän ammattilaisten työn tarkasteluun mainekriisien yhteydessä.
Elevated pCO2 and hypoxia alter the acid-base regulation of developing sheepshead minnows Cyprinodon variegatus
Authors: Enzor LA , Hankins C , Hamilton-Frazier M , Moso E , Raimondo S , Barron MG
Published: December 2019

Lowered dissolved oxygen and pH levels are 2 environmental variables that concomitantly change in an estuarine environment and both are exacerbated by nutrient pollution and subsequent eutrophication. To better understand how estuarine residents compensate for daily fluctuations in these environmental variables, the interactive effects of elevated partial pressure of CO2(pCO2) and hypoxia were assessed in developing sheepshead minnowsCyprinodon variegatususing a 2 by 2 factorial design over a 42 d exposure. Embryos were exposed to either acidic (pCO2: ~2000 µatm), hypoxic (reduced dissolved oxygen, ~2 mg l-1), or combined acidic and hypoxic conditions and monitored for development, hatch rate, and survival. Measurements of anaerobic pathway use, oxidative stress, and acid-base regulatory enzymes were evaluated at 3 life stages (embryo, larva, and juvenile) to discern if and how fish compensate for these stressors during development. The combination of elevatedpCO2and hypoxia delayed hatching in embryos but did not impact survival. Neither elevatedpCO2, hypoxia, nor the combination of the stressors elicited an increase in anaerobic metabolic pathways or impacted oxidative stress of juvenile fish. Measurements of enzymes related to acid-base regulation were elevated in all 3 treatments in larval fish. Elevated carbonic anhydrase activity was observed in the multi-stress treatment in embryos and larval fish, but not in juvenile fish. These results show that developing sheepshead minnows can compensate for acidified and hypoxic waters.
Regionální rozložení přímých zahraničních investic v kontextu ekonomické úrovně krajů České republiky
Authors: Damborský Milan
Published: December 2019

Foreign direct investments (FDIs) are one of the key factors determining the development of the world economy as well as national and regional economies. The paper is focused on the assessment of the distribution of the FDIs in relation to the economic level of the regions. The paper is based on the assumption that the for-eign direct investments are beneficial for regional economies. The aim of the paper is to assess whether FDIs contribute to reduction or increase of differences in the eco-nomic level of the regions in the Czech Republic. The study verifies the hypothesis: "Foreign direct investments are realized over-proportionally in the regions with a higher economic level and so the differences in the economic level of the regions of the Czech Republic are deepening." The impacts of FDIs on the economic development are assessed in the theoretical part. The theoretical part is oriented on the relations of the FDIs and the labour market, the technology transfer, the domestic firms, export potential and other issues. The hypothesis was tested by the concentration analysis. This analysis confirmed that FDIs were realized over-proportionally in the regions with higher eco-nomic level and thus the FDIs were contributing to deepening of the differences in the economic level of the regions. The analysis confirmed over-proportional volume of FDIs in regions with higher gross domestic product and gross value added over the whole reference period from 1999 to 2016 and in the regions with lower unemploy-ment rate in the period from 2009 to 2016.
Background Levels of Neomorphic 2-hydroxyglutarate Facilitate Proliferation of Primary Fibroblasts
Authors: DVOŘÁK A. , ZELENKA J. , SMOLKOVÁ K. , VÍTEK L. , JEŽEK P.
Published: December 2019

Each cell types or tissues contain certain “physiological” levels of R-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), as well as enzymes for its synthesis and degradation. 2HG accumulates in certain tumors, possessing heterozygous point mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenases IDH1 (cytosolic) or IDH2 (mitochondrial) and contributes to strengthening their malignancy by inhibiting 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases. By blocking histone de-methylation and 5-methyl-cytosine hydroxylation, 2HG maintains cancer cells de-differentiated and promotes their proliferation. However, physiological 2HG formation and formation by non-mutant IDH1/2 in cancer cells were neglected. Consequently, low levels of 2HG might play certain physiological roles. We aimed to elucidate this issue and found that compared to highest 2HG levels in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and moderate levels in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, rat primary fibroblast contained low basal 2HG levels at early passages. These levels increased at late passage and likewise 2HG/2OG ratios dropped without growth factors and enormously increased at hypoxia, reaching levels compared to cancer HepG2 cells. Responses in SH-SY5Y cells were opposite. Moreover, external 2HG supplementation enhanced fibroblast growth. Hence, we conclude that low 2HG levels facilitate cell proliferation in primary fibroblasts, acting via hypoxia-induced factor regulations and epigenetic changes.
Postnatal Alteration of Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 Expression in the Rat Corpus Callosum
Authors: DONG F. , LIU Y. , ZHANG Z. , GUO R. , MA L. , QU X. , YU H. , FAN H. , YAO R.
Published: December 2019

In the central nervous system (CNS), monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) is expressed in astrocytes and endothelial cells but also in oligodendroglia. Oligodendroglia support neurons and axons through lactate transportation by MCT1. Limited information is available on the MCT1 expression changes in candidate cells in the developing rat brain, especially in corpus callosum which is the most vulnerable area in demyelinating diseases. In the present study, we investigated the expression pattern of MCT1 during postnatal development in the rat corpus callosum using immunofluorescene staining, Western blotting analysis and RT-PCR. We reported that MCT1 gene and protein were consistently expressed in the rat corpus callosum from birth to adult. MCT1/CNPase and MCT1/GFAP immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that most of MCT1 positive cells were co-labeled with cyclic nucleotide 3′ phosphodiesterase (CNPase) in rat corpus callosum from P7 to adult, whereas MCT1+/GFAP+ cells preserve the dominate position before P7. Moreover, there were significant associations between the expression of MCT1 protein and the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) (correlation coefficient: r=0.962, P=0.009) from P7 to adult. Similarly, the MCT1 mRNA expression was also significantly associated with MBP mRNA expression (r=0.976, P=0.005). Our results are proposing that in the developing brain white matter, MCT1 is predominately expressed in oligodendrocyte though it mainly expressed in astrocyte in early postnatal, which indicate that MCT1 may involve in the oligodendrocyte development and myelination.
Differential Responsiveness in VEGF Receptor Subtypes to Hypoxic Stress in Various Tissues of Plateau Animals
Authors: XIE H.-C. , LI J.-G. , HE J.-P.
Published: December 2019

With hypoxic stress, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are elevated and their responses are altered in skeletal muscles of plateau animals [China Qinghai-Tibetan plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae)] as compared with control animals [normal lowland Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats]. The results indicate that HIF-1α and VEGF are engaged in physiological functions under hypoxic environment. The purpose of the current study was to examine the protein levels of VEGF receptor subtypes (VEGFRs: VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3) in the end organs, namely skeletal muscle, heart and lung in response to hypoxic stress. ELISA and Western blot analysis were employed to determine HIF-1α and the protein expression of VEGFRs in control animals and plateau pikas. We further blocked HIF-1α signal to determine if HIF-1α regulates alternations in VEGFRs in those tissues. We hypothesized that responsiveness of VEGFRs in the major end organs of plateau animals is differential with insult of hypoxic stress and is modulated by low oxygen sensitive HIF-1α. Our results show that hypoxic stress induced by exposure of lower O2 for 6 h significantly increased the levels of VEGFR-2 in skeletal muscle, heart and lung and the increases were amplified in plateau pikas. Our results also demonstrate that hypoxic stress enhanced VEGFR-3 in lungs of plateau animals. Nonetheless, no significant alternations in VEGFR-1 were observed in those tissues with hypoxic stress. Moreover, we observed decreases of VEGFR-2 in skeletal muscle, heart and lung; and decreases of VEGFR-3 in lung following HIF-1α inhibition. Overall, our findings suggest that in plateau animals 1) responsiveness of VEGFRs is different under hypoxic environment; 2) amplified VEGFR-2 response appears in skeletal muscle, heart and lung, and enhanced VEGFR-3 response is mainly observed in lung; 3) HIF-1α plays a regulatory role in the levels of VEGFRs. Our results provide the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for hypoxic environment in plateau animals, having an impact on research of physiological and ecological adaptive responses to acute or chronic hypoxic stress in humans who living at high attitude and who live at a normal sea level but suffer from hypoxic disorders.
Poetical World of Borys Hrinchenko
Authors: Levchyk Nadiia L
Published: December 2019

The paper focuses on the ﬁ gurative, style, and genre characteristics of B. Hrinchenko’s poetry. Three stages have been distinguished: early poetry of the 1880s, poems of the 1890s, and those of the1900s. The ﬁ rst period is marked by a thematic and formal imitation of T. Shevchenko, I. Manzhura, V. Zabila, etc., and yet the originality of poetic talent, attested by the poems “The Tiller”, “Sad Views”, and others, is evident. In terms of genre and style, the civic poetry prevails, in which the leading motive is work, sometimes interpreted as commitment to the beneﬁt of others (1880s), and sometimes as an immanent internal need of an individual (1900s). The researcher traces the dynamics of the lyric hero, being deﬁ ned mostly by the moral imperative. In B. Hrinchenko’s poetry of the late 1890s, philosophy and sensuality deepened, and as a consequence the lyrical hero changed; the strong-willed personality with a neo-romantic outlook emerges. The topicality of neo-romantic ideas for the poet is indicated by the interpretation of the motive of spiritual leadership, as a feature that characterizes someone who is able to elevate others to his level.

The syncretism of the types of artistic understanding of reality is evident in Hrinchenko’s poems. The poems of the 1880s and 1890s were dominated by the positivist worldview, and the poetry at the turn of the century was rather focused on the subjective and emotional, neo-romantic perception of the world, although not devoid of the ‘two worlds’ concept of the late romanticism.

Meditative and epical lyrics noticeably prevail in Hrinchenko’s genre system, due both to the thematic material and the focus on the reader. The most frequent were reﬂection, appeal, invective, and song genres, mainly romance, for example “The Soul is Burning, and the Heart is Singing.” Knowledge of folklore, interest in the Cossack era and the history of the Cossack state gave Hrinchenko material for his works; he wrote about twenty poems interpreting the history of Ukraine.
I IPLEMENTASI PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK (METODE 5M) DALAM KURIKULUM 2013 TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN MATAKULIAH TEORI BILANGAN PADA MAHASISWA SEMESTER 3 PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA STKIP BIMA
Authors: Mulyadin Edi
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimanakah Peningkatan Pemahaman Konsep Teori Bilangan dengan Pendekatan Saintifik (Metode 5m) Dalam Kurikulum 2013 Pada mahasiswa Semester 3  Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika STKIP Bima. . Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan penelitiaan tindakan kelas (PTK) karena peneliti merumuskan rencana tindakan dan ikut melaksanakan rencana dalam penelitian ini, peneliti akan berpartisipasi aktif dan ikut melaksanakan rencana dalam proses penelitian ini. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian Pendekatan Saintifik mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar mahasiswa semester III A melalui tahapan yaitu mengamati, menanya, menyajikan, menalar, dan mencoba.Ketuntasan belajar pada siklus I sebesar 57,69% sedangkan pada siklus II sebesar  100%.
Budget Analysis [in International Organization Research]
Authors: Thorvaldsdottir Svanhildur , Patz Ronny
Published: December 2019

In this chapter, we discuss the challenges of researching budgets and budgeting in international organizations. A key challenge is to recognize that there are different types of IO budgets, with different implications for different research questions. Researchers need to spend considerable effort to ensure reliability, validity and completeness of budget, expenditure and revenue data when conducting empirical research.
A RELEVÂNCIA DO CURRÍCULO E DA EDUCAÇÃO MATEMÁTICA NA PERCEPÇÃO DE ESTUDANTES DOS CURSOS STEM
Authors: Silva Cristine Santos de Souza da , Souza Denise Santos de , Timm Ursula Tatiana , Neto Agostinho Serrano de Andrade
Published: December 2019

Diversos estudos, tanto no âmbito nacional quanto internacional, apontam que apesar da importância, presença e influência da tecnologia na vida das pessoas, o interesse dos jovens por carreiras STEM (Ciência, Tecnologia, Engenharia e Matemática) ainda é um desafio. Considerando que os motivos que ocasionam este fenômeno podem estar associados a múltiplos fatores educacionais, este trabalho volta seu olhar para a educação matemática, por meio da investigação das percepções de estudantes dos cursos de graduação STEM acerca da relevância do currículo e daeducação matemática nas suas escolhas de carreira e na sua formação acadêmica. A metodologia adotada envolveu a aplicação de um questionário a 101 graduandos, ingressantes e concluintes dos cursos STEM de uma universidade no sul do Brasil. Os resultados apontam altos índices deconcordância dos jovens em relação a importância da educação matemática, tanto na educação básica quanto no ensino superior. Contudo, revelam que ainda é necessário que práticas pedagógicas sejam atualizadas e mais significativas para um cenário que almeja a promoção da matemáticacontextualizada e interligada às áreas científicas, como se propõem abordar as metodologias ativas voltadas ao ensino STEM.
OLHAR SOBRE O CURRÍCULO OCULTO A PARTIR DO PONTO DE VISTA DE UMA PROFESSORA DE MATEMÁTICA
Authors: Machado Nilza Zanon de Sousa , Godoy Elenilton Vieira
Published: December 2019

Preocupado com os fatores que interferem nos processos de ensino e aprendizagem dadisciplina de Matemática no Ensino Fundamental e Médio e com os professores e alunos frente aosdesafios vivenciados no âmbito escolar, o presente estudo – inserido na linha de pesquisa Formaçãode Professores que ensinam Ciências e Matemática, do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação emCiências e em Matemática da Universidade Federal do Paraná – tem como objetivo observar ocurrículo oculto que permeia os intramuros de uma escola estadual do município de Curitiba-PR, aosolhos de uma professora de Matemática. Para isso pautará metodologicamente numa pesquisaqualitativa, de cunho etnográfico e apoiar-se-á em teóricos críticos do campo do currículo queinvestigam o currículo oculto. O exercício analítico realizado indicou a existência de atitudes carentesde autonomia, porém carregada de conformismo. Um individualismo muito presente, valores ecomportamentos contraditórios na relação aluno-aluno, momentos de resistência à instituição, mascom ações agressivas a membros da escola e vivências de aprendizagem e de controle social nãorelativizadas pela família. Constata-se que muito do currículo oculto presente neste espaço escolarcontribui para a manutenção da hegemonia dominante. Entretanto, é importante continuar desvelandoesse currículo nos espaços escolares e reinterpretá-lo constantemente.
AS PRESCRIÇÕES CURRICULARES E O ENSINO DOS NÚMEROS RACIONAIS NOS ANOS FINAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Teixeira Alessandra Carvalho , Allevato Norma Suely Gomes
Published: December 2019

Este artigo é parte de uma pesquisa maior e tem por objetivo apresentar e analisar as prescrições curriculares representadas pelos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais – PCN, a Base Nacional Comum Curricular – BNCC e o Currículo do Estado de São Paulo, considerando os conteúdos e habilidades em relação ao ensino dos números racionais, utilizando técnica de análisedocumental. A metodologia utilizada tem abordagem qualitativa. A partir da análise interpretativa dos dados construídos neste estudo documental, ao observar as convergências entre os documentos, uma das observações é que, para o 7º ano, alguns pontos considerados foram o ensino das representações fracionária e decimal de um número racional, seus usos, ordenação e associação com pontos da reta numérica, e operações envolvendo essas representações. Em contrapartida, ao observar a habilidade de reconhecer números racionais em diferentes contextos, percebemos que a BNCC diverge do Currículo do Estado de São Paulo, mas que os PCN convergem  com esses dois documentos, visto que essahabilidade deve ser desenvolvida durante os anos finais do Ensino Fundamental.
NOOSFERA E ASSUJEITAMENTO, DUAS NOÇÕES DA TEORIA ANTROPOLÓGICA DO DIDÁTICO PARA PROBLEMATIZAR O CURRÍCULO E MUDANÇAS CURRICULARES
Authors: Kaspary Danielly
Published: December 2019

Os fenômenos didáticos em torno da difusão e da omissão dos objetos do saber em uma sociedade podem ser, em parte, compreendidos por meio do estudo das escolhas curriculares. Essas escolhas, segundo a teoria antropológica do didático, acontecem no seio de uma entidade chamadanoosfera. Nesse texto, temos como objetivo uma reflexão sobre alguns conceitos desse quadro teórico que nos ajudam a pensar o currículo e suas mudanças. Nós ilustramos essa reflexão teórica utilizando o contexto brasileiro, onde encontramos de um lado uma instituição oficial do estado – Programa Nacional do Livro Didático, PNLD – e do outro, as editoras de livros didáticos do setor privado. Para exemplificar o efeito do assujeitamento das editoras às demandas do PNLD, apresentamos brevemente algumas mudanças nos livros didáticos sobre a noção de número nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, com um olhar especial aos livros da primeira metade da década de 1990.
BACKGROUND, FOREGROUND E A EDUCAÇÃO MATEMÁTICA CRÍTICA: UMA INVESTIGAÇÃO DA BASE NACIONAL COMUM CURRICULAR DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Carreta Cecy Leite Alves , Santos Cintia Aparecida Bento dos
Published: December 2019

A Base Nacional Comum Curricular é um documento de caráter normativo que objetiva nortear e uniformizar o que é ensinado nas escolas do Brasil, abrangendo todas as fases da Educação Básica. Devido a essa dimensão, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo buscar e analisar aspectos ligados aos background, foreground e a Educação Matemática Crítica, presentes na Base Nacional Comum Curricular. Considera-se importante a presença dos background e foreground, visto que estão relacionados com as experiências anteriores dos indivíduos e as oportunidades ocasionadas a partir desua condição social, política e cultural, já a Educação Matemática Crítica demonstra sua importância para a formação de cidadãos críticos. Então, se pode constatar a necessidade de documentos orientadores para a prática docente, neste caso, a Base Nacional Comum Curricular, apresentaremaspectos que subsidiam a prática docente, contendo orientações e exigências para auxiliar na promoção de uma educação marcada por esses conceitos. A análise será desenvolvida olhando para a Base Nacional Comum Curricular do Ensino Fundamental e terá como foco o componente curricular Matemática, no entanto o documento será analisado em sua totalidade. Metodologicamente, está é uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa que utilizará a análise de conteúdo para estruturar a análise proposta. Teoricamente, fundamenta-se nos estudos envolvendo a Educação Matemática Crítica, os background e foreground. Os resultados encontrados foram que a Base Nacional Comum Curricular apresentaaspectos ligados aos background, foreground e a Educação Matemática Crítica, revelando a importância da cidadania crítica, o respeito aos conhecimentos prévios e os significados produzidos pelos alunos.
CONHECIMENTO MATEMÁTICO E A VISÃO DE PROFESSORES EM FORMAÇÃO QUE CURSAM PEDAGOGIA SOBRE A 1ª OLIMPÍADA BRASILEIRA DE MATEMÁTICA-NÍVEL A
Authors: Liell Cláudio Cristiano , Bayer Arno
Published: December 2019

Este artigo parte de uma pesquisa de Pós-doutorado, analisa as percepções de futuros professores dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental sobre a 1ª Olimpíada Brasileira de Matemática das Escolas Públicas – Nível A aplicada em 2018. Este trabalho envolveu 11 estudantes de pedagogia da Faculdade Cenecista Farroupilha, localizada em Farroupilha, Rio Grande do Sul. Os envolvidos resolveram as questões da Olimpíada e também foram submetidos a responder um questionário com 5 questões abertas e 5 questões fechadas, a respeito do entendimento sobre a olimpíada aplicada. Serão também apresentadas as opiniões e as constatações dos futuros educadores referentes à formação desenvolvida no curso de Pedagogia que estão cursando. Constatou-se que as questões com maior índice de erros cometidos pelas graduandas, referem-se principalmente aos conteúdos das unidades temáticas de álgebra, grandezas e medidas; boa parte apresentou dificuldade de interpretação das questões da olimpíada, metade das graduandas destaca que apresentam muita dificuldade em matemática e que nas escolas não deixaram trabalhar alguns conteúdos da olimpíada porque as direções pedem para priorizar as quatro operações.
MATERIAIS CURRICULARES COMO FERRAMENTAS DE APRENDIZAGEM DO PROFESSOR QUE ENSINA MATEMÁTICA
Authors: Januario Gilberto , Lima Katia
Published: December 2019

Materiais curriculares configuram-se como instrumentos que (re)contextualizam as práticas pedagógicas, incidindo sobre os modos de ensinar e aprender Matemática. A pesquisa com foco na interação que ocorre entre professores e materiais curriculares tem chamando a atenção para questões sobre como os profissionais utilizam os materiais de Matemática e se, e como, esses materiais podem influenciar as práticas docentes. Nesse contexto, nos propomos a discutir sobre aspectos dessesmateriais que podem ajudar os professores a ampliar seus conhecimentos em relação à Matemáticapara o ensino. Perpassando às ideias de affordance e agência, concentramos a discussão em torno de características nos materiais que podem promover as aprendizagens dos professores. Nesse sentido, taldiscussão será feita na perspectiva de estudo teórico, de abordagem qualitativa. Nossas reflexões mostram que materiais curriculares, considerados como agentes de possibilidades para a prática pedagógica, podem apresentar recursos tais como transparência, antecipação das respostas dos estudantes, tipos de tarefas, bem como organização e sequenciamento das situações de aprendizagem que podem contribuir para a mobilização do conhecimento matemático para o ensino, por meio de uma análise crítica, podendo a relação e esta análise ser, inclusive, objetos da formação.
TEMÁTICAS NO CURRÍCULO DE MATEMÁTICA
Authors: Olgin Clarissa de Assis
Published: December 2019

Este artigo refere-se à investigação sobre temáticas no Currículo de Matemática. Ao propor o trabalho com temas de interesse, busca-se desenvolver assuntos importantes tanto para a formaçãodos estudantes, quanto para o desenvolvimento dos conteúdos matemáticos do Ensino Médio. Para auxiliar na escolha de tais temas, foi realizada uma pesquisa de base qualitativa, a qual possibilitou estabelecer um conjunto de critérios que teve como fundamentação teórica as pesquisas deSkovsmose, Doll Jr. e Silva. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os possíveis temas que podem ser explorados no Ensino Médio, na disciplina de Matemática, visando revisar, aprofundar ou construir conceitos matemáticos. O estudo permitiu elaborar uma classificação para os temas, buscando auxiliar no planejamento do professor que se propõe a utilizar essa estratégia em sala de aula. Como resultado da pesquisa, indica-se um caminho para prática docente, por meio de uma exemplificação, com atemática Político-Social.
A ARTICULAÇÃO ENTRE COMBINATÓRIA E PROBABILIDADE NAS DIFERENTES INSTÂNCIAS DO CURRÍCULO: UM LEVANTAMENTO DA PRODUÇÃO NACIONAL
Authors: Lima Ewellen Tenorio de , Borba Rute Elizabete de Souza Rosa
Published: December 2019

São apresentados os resultados de uma revisão sistemática desenvolvida no contexto de um estudo de tese, em andamento, que tem o objetivo de investigar as articulações entre Combinatória e Probabilidade nas diferentes instâncias do currículo dos Anos Finais do Ensino Fundamental. Oestudo em questão incluirá, ainda, a proposição de um processo interventivo visando proporcionar o desenvolvimento dos raciocínios combinatório e probabilístico a partir da exploração de suas relações.Neste sentido, a realização de uma revisão sistemática assume grande relevância, pois permite levantar o que é dito sobre, bem como o que já foi feito, a partir da literatura disponível. Inicialmente, foram levantados 258 textos em português nas bases de dados consultadas, que incluem teses, dissertações e publicações em periódicos com Qualis A1 a B2 e anais de eventos da área. Após os dois refinamentos realizados, foram selecionados 33 textos que abordam, em sua maioria (aproximadamente 58% dostextos), a instância referente ao currículo realizado, i.e., aquele refletido na prática. Os resultados da revisão sistemática realizada irão contribuir para reflexões sobre o objeto de estudo da tese e proporcionar o levantamento de ideias para a construção do processo interventivo que será desenvolvido mais adiante, bem como para as demais etapas do estudo.
METAESTUDO DE PESQUISAS SOBRE MATERIAIS CURRICULARES EDUCATIVOS NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES QUE ENSINAM MATEMÁTICA
Authors: Lima Reinaldo Feio , Oliveira Andréia Maria Pereira de
Published: December 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo inventariar e discutir as tendências da produção acadêmica sobre Materiais Curriculares Educativos na formação de professores que ensinam Matemática no Brasil. Para isso, consideramos as pesquisas publicadas no banco de teses e dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). A pesquisa realizada foi de natureza qualitativa, cujos procedimentos metodológicos foram adotados à luz do metaestudo. Foram analisadas teses e dissertações a partir de cinco categorias a priori: (i) instituições; (ii) método e procedimentos de produção de dados; (iii) aportes teóricos; (iv) objetivos das pesquisas; e (v) contribuições das pesquisas em Materiais Curriculares Educativos para a formação de professores que ensinam Matemática. A pesquisa apontou que os Materiais Curriculares Educativos na formação deprofessores que ensinam Matemática tem se concretizado por meio de três tendências: trabalho colaborativo, participação e identidade docente; relação professor-Materiais Curriculares Educativos e prática pedagógica.
AS PESQUISAS DESENVOLVIDAS PELO GRUPO DE TRABALHO DE CURRÍCULO E EDUCAÇÃO MATEMÁTICA
Authors: Olgin Clarissa de Assis , Groenwald Claudia Lisete Oliveira , Palanch Wagner Barbosa de Lima
Published: December 2019

O Grupo de Trabalho 03 (GT 03), denominado Currículo e Educação Matemática, da Sociedade Brasileira de Educação Matemática (SBEM), formado por pesquisadores que realizam pesquisas no âmbito do Currículo, investigando sobre o desenvolvimento curricular em documentos prescritos pelo governo, sobre os materiais curriculares, os planejamentos no contexto das instituições educacionais, as políticas públicas relativas ao desenvolvimento curricular, etc., foram os responsáveis por esta edição temática da Revista Paranaense de Educação Matemática. O objetivo deste artigo éapresentar a história do GT 03, bem como os artigos que compõem esta edição. Foram aprovados vinte cinco artigos, sendo dois de pesquisadores estrangeiros (da Colômbia e do Peru) e vinte e três de pesquisadores de diferentes regiões brasileiras (Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Pernambuco, Bahia e Pará) que evidenciam reflexões teóricas e práticas sobre as pesquisas realizadas com esta temática.
Sex-Biased CHHs and Their Putative Receptor Regulate the Expression of IAG Gene in the Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Guo Qing , Li Shihao , Lv Xinjia , Xiang Jianhai , Manor Rivka , Sagi Amir , Li Fuhua
Published: December 2019

The “eyestalk-androgenic gland (AG)-testis” endocrine axis is involved in male sexual differentiation of crustaceans. The insulin-like androgenic gland hormone (IAG), secreted from the AG, plays a central role in this axis, however key factors upstream the IAG are still poorly understood. Here, two crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) genes (LvCHH1 and LvCHH2) and their putative receptor guanylate cyclase (LvGC) were identified in Litopenaeus vannamei. LvCHH1 and LvCHH2 belonged to CHH subfamily I members and LvGC was a membrane-bound guanylate cyclase. They were all differentially expressed in eyestalks and gonads of males and females. RNA interference (RNAi) of either LvCHH1 or LvCHH2 increased LvIAG expression, while injection of their recombinant protein decreased LvIAG expression, indicating that LvCHH1 and LvCHH2 are inhibitory factors of LvIAG expression. Yeast two-hybrid assay showed that both LvCHH1 and LvCHH2 interacted with LvGC and their RNAi and recombinant protein injection exerted opposite regulatory effects on the transcriptional expression of LvGC. Meanwhile, knockdown of LvGC increased LvIAG expression. These results suggest that LvGC is the receptor of LvCHH1 and LvCHH2 and they are all involved in male sexual development by regulating LvIAG expression. The present study unveils missing upstream elements in the “eyestalk-AG-testis” endocrine axis in crustacean.
Image Restoration Using a Fixed-Point Method for a TVL2 Regularization Problem
Authors: Kim Kyoum Sun , Yun Jae Heon
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we first propose a new TVL2 regularization model for image restoration, and then we propose two iterative methods, which are fixed-point and fixed-point-like methods, using CGLS (Conjugate Gradient Least Squares method) for solving the new proposed TVL2 problem. We also provide convergence analysis for the fixed-point method. Lastly, numerical experiments for several test problems are provided to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed two iterative methods. Numerical results show that the new proposed TVL2 model is preferred over an existing TVL2 model and the proposed fixed-point-like method is well suited for the new TVL2 model.
Response of Ancient and Modern Wheat Varieties to Biochar Application: Effect on Hormone and Gene Expression Involved in Germination and Growth
Authors: Racioppi Marco , Tartaglia Maria , De la Rosa José María , Marra Mauro , Lopez-Capel Elisa , Rocco Mariapina
Published: December 2019

Agriculture has changed dramatically due to mechanization, new technologies, and the increased use of chemical fertilizers. These factors maximize production and reduce food prices, but may also enhance soil degradation. Sustainable agricultural practices include altering crop varieties and the use of soil amendments to increase production, improve irrigation, and more effectively use fertilizers. Ancient and modern durum wheat varieties have been shown to be tolerant to conditions caused by climate change and increase production. Biochar soil amendments have been reported to increase crop yields, soil fertility, and to promote plant growth. However, results are variable depending on biomass source, application conditions, and crop species. This study evaluates the crop response of two contrasting durum wheat varieties on an Eutric Cambisol amended with beech wood biochar. Wheat varieties used are Saragolla, an ancient variety traditionally used in Southern Italy, and Svevo, a widely used commercial variety. The effect of biochar soil amendment on the expression of genes involved in the germination of these two varieties of wheat was determined using RT-PCR. The content of hormones such as gibberellins (GAs), auxins (IAA), and abscisic acid (ABA) was determined. Results demonstrate that biochar had a stimulatory effect on the growth performances of Svevo and Saragolla cultivars at the molecular level. This correlated to the promoted transcription of genes involved in the control of plant development. Overall, the presence of biochar as soil amendment improved the germination rates of both varieties, but the ancient wheat cultivar was better suited to the Eutric Cambisol than the commercial variety. This trend was also observed in un-amended pots, which may indicate better adaptability of the ancient wheat cultivar to withstand environmental stress than the commercial variety.
Effects of Water Stress and Modern Biostimulants on Growth and Quality Characteristics of Mint
Authors: O. Elansary Hosam , Mahmoud Eman A. , El-Ansary Diaa O. , Mattar Mohamed A.
Published: December 2019

Natural biostimulants combine different elicitors that may influence economic properties of herbal crops, such as mint. Mint (Mentha longifolia L.) plants were subjected to three water levels based on container substrate capacity (CSC; 100% CSC, 70% CSC, and 50% CSC) and/or applications of four biostimulants (CRADLE™, Mobilizer™, Nanozim De’Lite™ [ND], and Nanozim NXT™ [NN]). ND and NN exhibited higher vegetative growth and root dry weight than the control (without biostimulants) and other treatments. NN produced the highest fresh and dry mint yields under all water levels. Irrigation water-use efficiency (IWUE) of NN was highest (2.78 kg m−3) with 70% CSC, whereas the control produced the lowest IWUE (1.85 kg m−3) with 100% CSC. Biostimulants boosted physiological and metabolic responses, including gas exchange, leaf water potential, relative water content, and proline accumulation of stressed plants. NN treatment with 70% CSC had the highest essential oil (EO) ratio (3.35%). Under 70% and 50% CSC with NN treatment, the proportion of 1,8-cineol increased and that of pulegone decreased in EOs. Increased antioxidant activities, reduced H2O2 levels, and increased catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were observed. Applications of ND and NN during water stress conditions increased economic and medicinal properties of mint EOs with applications in the agricultural and pharmaceutical industries.
Causes of Hass Avocado Fruit Rejection in Preharvest, Harvest, and Packinghouse: Economic Losses and Associated Variables
Authors: Ramírez-Gil Joaquín Guillermo , López Jaime Horacio , Henao-Rojas Juan Camilo
Published: December 2019

The areas planted with avocado in Colombia have increased to position this fruit in international markets. To achieve this goal, the offered fruits need to meet optimal production standards. The aim of this study was to identify the main physiopathologies and damages that may cause the rejection of avocado cv. Hass fruits for export purposes during pre-harvest, harvest, and processing in packinghouses, and quantify the economic impact of said exclusion criteria. Typological characterization and quantification of damages that may cause fruit rejection were performed at the laboratory, field, and packinghouses. Data were obtained from 136 Colombian productive plots with monitoring and data collection records for a minimum of five years. At the packinghouse level, data associated with factors that affect quality (both, those identified at packing plants and those detected in simulated shipments) were considered. The main causes of fruit rejection during pre-harvest and harvest were: low calibers, damage to the epidermis by insect pests from the subfamily Melolonthidae, thrips, mites, the bug Monalonion, overripe fruits, and sunburn damage. In addition, pathologies such as anthracnose and stem end rot, and problems associated with browning of vascular bundles, irregular ripening, chilling injury, and lenticel damage were highly limiting at packinghouses. The economic analysis identified losses of 5.78 and 5.68% in farms and packinghouses, respectively, which are equivalent to US dollar (USD) 80.29 per produced ton. This work generated information that allows prioritizing strategies to improve fruit quality and reduce economic impact.
Plant Nutrient Availability and pH of Biochars and Their Fractions, with the Possible Use as a Component in a Growing Media
Authors: Prasad Munoo , Chrysargyris Antonios , McDaniel Nicola , Kavanagh Anna , Gruda Nazim S. , Tzortzakis Nikolaos
Published: December 2019

Biochar has the potential to be used as a growing media component, and therefore plays a role in reducing peat usage. It has unique properties apart from the ability to sequester carbon. Here we investigated the nutrient contents of four commercial biochars and their fractions. The biochars’ feedstock was wood waste, except for one with paper fibres and husk. The fine or finer fractions in wood waste biochars contained higher levels of nutrients that were available to plants. The coarse fraction of the biochar derived from husk and paper fibre feedstock had a higher level of total N, P and K in contrast to the other three biochars. The pH of the finer fraction (pH of 9.08) was also higher compared with coarse fraction (pH of 8.71). It is important that when biochar a is used as a component of a peat based growing media, particle size information should be provided, as fractions from the same biochar can have different levels of total extractable nutrients and pH levels. If biochar is used to replace or reduce lime application rates of a peat-biochar mixtures, one must take into account the levels of total and extractable Ca and Mg levels, as these can vary. The variation of these elements was not only between biochars’ feedstocks, even at similar pH-values, but within different fractions in the same biochar. We concluded that biochars should be characterized from the feedstock as well as from the particle size aspect, as it could have a profound effect on nutrient availability of Ca and Mg. This could lead to nutrient imbalances in cultivating plants on substrate mixtures. In addition to nutrient ratios, the suitable pH-level for a given grown species should be adjusted.
Agronomic Responses of Major Fruit Crops to Fertilization in China: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Wenli , Yang Min , Wang Jie , Wang Zhichao , Fan Zihan , Kang Furong , Wang Yuheng , Luo Yayin , Kuang Dejiao , Chen Zhihui , Guo Chaoyi , Li Yujia , He Xinhua , Chen Xinping , Shi Xiaojun , Zhang Yueqiang
Published: December 2019

With increasing application of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers, especially in China’s fruit crops, the agronomic responses of fruit crops to fertilization may be reduced with time. Thus, the quantification of these responses would be useful for establishing nutrient recommendation and fertilizer management for fruit crops. Here, a meta-analysis including 552 paired data for agronomic response and 1283 sets for amounts of optimal fertilization from 293 field studies in China were performed to systemically quantify these variations of yield response (YR), relative yield (RY), agronomic efficiency (AE), and partial factor productivity (PFP) in response to the application of N, P, or K fertilizer under different groups including fruit crop types, time, and regions. The results showed that the average YRs to N, P or K fertilizer were 7.6, 5.2, or 5.9 t ha−1, indicating related RYs of 78.0%, 82.9%, or 82.4%, respectively. All of the RYs for N, P, or K application in studies after 2000 were higher and less variable than those before 2000. Higher RYs were also shown for deciduous fruit trees when compared with evergreen fruit trees. The average AEs of N, P, and K fertilizer in China’s fruit crops were 29.1, 32.4 and 20.2 kg kg−1, all of them were negatively correlated with fertilizer rate. Due to a higher yield response and less fertilizer rate, annual crops (mainly watermelon and melons) had significantly higher AE than that of perennial crops. The average PFPs of N, P, and K fertilizer in China’s fruit crops were 129, 205, and 113 kg kg−1, all of which showed a declining trend with time. These findings demonstrated that the building-up of soil indigenous nutrient supply (indicated by RY) together with improving fruit varieties, as well as pest management and other forms of management could make external fertilization less important for increasing the yield of fruit crops in China. A rational nutrient management is therefore crucial for balancing yield and environmental concerns in countries like China, India, and other countries where fertilizers are often overused.
Benefits and Trade-Offs of Dairy System Changes Aimed at Reducing Nitrate Leaching
Authors: Beukes Pierre , Romera Alvaro , Hutchinson Kathryn , van der Weerden Tony , de Klein Cecile , Dalley Dawn , Chapman David , Glassey Chris , Dynes Robyn
Published: December 2019

Between 2011 and 2016, small-scale farm trials were run across three dairy regions of New Zealand (Waikato, Canterbury, Otago) to compare the performance of typical regional farm systems with farm systems implementing a combination of mitigation options most suitable to the region. The trials ran for at least three consecutive years with detailed recording of milk production and input costs. Nitrate leaching per hectare of the milking platform (where lactating cows are kept) was estimated using either measurements (suction cups), models, or soil mineral nitrogen measurements. Post-trial, detailed farm information was used in the New Zealand greenhouse gas inventory methodology to calculate the emissions from all sources; dairy platform, dairy support land used for wintering non-lactating cows (where applicable) and replacement stock, and imported supplements. Nitrate leaching was also estimated for the support land and growing of supplements imported from off-farm using the same methods as for the platform. Operating profit (NZ$/ha/year), nitrate leaching (kg N/ha/year), and greenhouse gas emissions (t CO2-equivalent/ha/year) were all expressed per hectare of milking platform to enable comparisons across regions. Nitrate leaching mitigations adopted in lower-input (less purchased feed and nitrogen fertiliser) farm systems reduced leaching by 22 to 30 per cent, and greenhouse gas emissions by between nine and 24 per cent. The exception was the wintering barn system in Otago, where nitrate leaching was reduced by 45 per cent, but greenhouse gas emissions were unchanged due to greater manure storage and handling. Important drivers of a lower environmental footprint are reducing nitrogen fertiliser and purchased feed. Their effect is to reduce feed flow through the herd and drive down both greenhouse gas emissions and nitrate leaching. Emission reductions in the lower-input systems of Waikato and Canterbury came at an average loss of profit of approximately NZ$100/t CO2-equivalent (three to five per cent of industry-average profit per hectare).