bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Russian Written Speech of Kazakh Students in the Reflection of Russian Learner Corpus: Verbal Prefixation
Authors: Kozkenova Aimgul , Rakhilina Ekaterina
Published: March 2020

The article describes Russian Learner Corpus as a tool for the study of Russian of bilingual Kazakh students through the example of their written texts. The article is focused on the markers of inceptivity and verbal prefixation patterns in these texts. It examines the deviations from Standard Russian, caused by the influence of Kazakh, as well as by some other strategies of linguistic behavior of Kazakh-Russian bilinguals. The main mismatch between Russian and Kazakh is due to the fact that Kazakh (like other Turkic languages) lacks prefixal verbs, so that the semantic impact of the Russian prefixes is transferred to other means and is expressed with the help of different strategies – mainly, by periphrastic biverbal constructions. On another level, corpus data analysis can specify the semantic differences between similar aspectual units in Russian viewed through linguistic patterns used by Kazakh bilingual speakers.
Resisting the Demand to Stand
Authors: Orr Celeste E.
Published: March 2020

How sex-segregated bathrooms negatively impact trans, genderqueer, nonbinary, queer, and gender-nonconforming people has been extensively studied, yet few have considered how intersex people are subjected to bathroom violence. To begin broadening this conversation, I focus on the medical management of boys with the intersex variation hypospadias and demonstrate that anxieties around bathrooms extend beyond the bathroom walls—into surgical theaters—and are not simply a trans or queer issue. Anxieties about bathrooms and hegemonic urinary masculine behavior inform the violent medical maltreatment of intersex boys with hypospadias; they are subjected to shaming, disabling, and invasive procedures in the hope they will reinforce compulsory dyadism and able-bodiedness, as well as exhibit hegemonic heteromasculine behaviors, namely standing to urinate. Because of discriminatory, gratuitous surgical interventions, the bathroom and urination become sites of pain and trauma for these boys. In turn, these boys’ sense of masculine belonging are undermined or destroyed.
Teachers Perspectives on Headteachers Mistreatment: Exploring the other Side of the Coin
Authors: Fareed Ul Hassan  , Waheed Syed Abdul , Gilani Nadia
Published: March 2020

Treating teachers appropriately is considered extremely important for promoting a healthy and effective school environment. The present research predominantly focused on headteachers professional behaviour towards teachers in an attempt to explore teachers unheard voices. A phenomenological approach was employed to uncover teachers experiences of how they are treated by the headteachers in schools. Fifteen teachers were purposively selected from public and private schools of an administrative division in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. The participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. The underlying themes were explored through a thematic analysis of the text. The emergent themes include teacher-head teacher interaction, authoritative in the meetings, favouritism and biases, ignoring staff members, hurting self-respect and frustration and isolation. The study has implications for school improvement and further research on headteachers experiences that lead them to a certain type of behaviour towards teachers.
Harmony of theory and practice in the works of V.V. Golubkov
Authors: Chertov V.F. , Sosnovskaya I.V.
Published: March 2020

The purpose of the article is to analyze the methodological heritage of V.V. Golubkov, to establish links between the practical activities of the teacher and his scientific publications, teaching and methodical manuals, the definition and updating of the main directions of research of the scientist’s methodological system. The article uses the comparative historical research method, with the use of memoirs and archival sources. The authors characterize the methodological concept of V.V. Golubkov as fundamental and theoretically substantiated, based on the achievements of pedagogy, psychology, literary criticism. The article highlights the main features of this concept: the significance of the issues of methodology and methodical thesaurus in research on the methodology of teaching literature; “psychologism” as attention to the personality of the reader, their reading interests, and features of the artistic perception; a take on literature as human knowledge expressed in artistic images; considering reading as a creative process; the development of specific techniques for the modern reading of classics and the development of critical thinking of students; statement of the problem of stimulating personal memories, emotions, imagination and independent judgments of students; introduction of the concept of “sense of proportion in the study of a work of art”, etc. In conclusion of the article, the authors deduce that the methodological system of V.V. Golubkov has laid the foundations for teaching literature in the 20th century and can be regarded as a tradition that still retains its significance and relevance in the face of changing sociocultural realities and approaches to the study of literary text in lessons of literature.
“Their light still comes to us, still shines to us”: The motive of self-sacrifice in V.P. Astafiev’s story “Starfall”
Authors: Goncharov P.А. , Shcherbakova V.А.
Published: March 2020

The aim of the study is to establish the compositional and ideological function of the motive of self-sacrifice in V.P. Astafyev’s novel “Starfall”, in some other works of his; to characterize symbolic images; to reveal the genesis of images of meaningful self-sacrifice, images of a star and starfall; to determin compositional features, plot construction; to analyze the specifics of cinematic interpretation of key episodes; to compare the leading motive of the story with the motive structure of the works of the Russian soviet literature of 1940–1960s. The authors prove motivational and figurative consonance of Astafiev’s short novel with the Russian folklore works, Russian classic literature, and works of the Russian literature of the 1940s and 1960s. The analysis of the literary context of the story is carried out, the active development of the dominant motive in the cinematic version of the “Starfall” is established. It was proved that the originality of the story’s ideology is given by the symbolic content and tragic sound of a number of images (the main character, star, starfall). The composition is based on the opposition of the themes of war and love (this compositional technique, due to its prevalence, is perceived as a “common place” by Russian soviet writers about the Great Patriotic War), on the contrast between the tragic and the comic.
“A picture book” and its educational potential
Authors: Romanicheva E.S.
Published: March 2020

The author has aimed at unleashing the educational potential of contemporary children’s and adolescent books and the possibilities of working with them in the class setting. The books (the ones mentioned in the research body are included in the first part of the bibliography) are inherently texts of a new nature, they suggest markedly different practices of working with them which allow to synthesize their verbal and visual components while reading them. For this very reason work with them should be included in the educational process – because while working like that a student will master close reading techniques, ways of checking one’s own understanding and will also fulfill creative tasks. Describing and analyzing the selected books, the author demonstrates which reading practices (reading with pauses, synthesizing a continuous and discontinuous text while reading, creative tasks based on the texts and others) are offered by the designer on the pages of the books and claims that mastering publishers’ strategies, if it becomes a professional goal, will considerably enlarge teachers’ methodological instrumentarium, will allow teachers to master new techniques of working with a multicode text and to include the former into the learning process. In the course of the research the author introduces and explains concepts that are new for the national methodology of teaching literature: text of a new nature, architecture of a book – and justifies the need for using them in the professional discourse. Generally, the article demonstrates the need for engaging ‘picture books’ at the lessons of literature as long as dealing with them will broaden the reading circle of a contemporary student and will prepare them for further independent reading of various texts and books.
Aristotle's Rational Powers and the Explanation of Action
Authors: Grgić Filip
Published: March 2020

In this paper, I discuss Aristotle's notion of rational powers as presented in his Metaphysics Θ.2 and Θ.5. I argue, first, that his account cannot serve as the model for explaining human rational actions in general. The role of rational powers is restricted to the
explanation of arts and their exercises, including the exercises of knowledge through teaching. The exercises of character virtues do not follow the same pattern that is discernible in the exercises of rational powers. Second, I try to show that the similarities between Aristotle's rational
powers and powers as they are commonly understood in contemporary accounts of agency, especially regarding their two-sidedness and up-to-usness, are only superficial. Aristotle's rational powers are not genuinely two-sided, and their being up to the agent has nothing to do with the availability
of alternative courses of action.
Theodizee und Atheismus: Norbert Hoersters Argumentation gegen die Existenz Gottes
Authors: Seide Ansgar
Published: March 2020

Starting from the problem of evil, Norbert Hoerster argues for an atheistic position. He discusses several historical and current attempts to reconcile the existing evils with the existence of God and comes to the negative conclusion that all of these attempts fail. From this, he concludes
that the existing evils speak against the existence of God. In this article I argue that Hoerster's arguments are not sufficient for an atheistic conclusion. Rather, they only strengthen the case for agnosticism, the position according to which we cannot know whether God exists. I want to
work out that Hoerster does not recognize this because he does not clearly distinguish the position of agnosticism from the position of atheism, and thereby gives away important potential for differentiation.
"One Great Epic Unfolding": H.G. Wells and the Interwar Debate on the Teaching of History
Authors: Osborne Ken
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis essay explores H.G. Wells’s attempts to reform the teaching of history between the two World Wars. Holding history teachers largely responsible for creating the mood of bellicose nationalism that made the First World War possible, Wells concluded that only a fundamentally reformed history education would ensure the survival of the human species. He pressed for a global history, to be taught in all the world’s schools, that began with the origins of the universe and ended with the present and a glimpse into the future that transcended national borders, and would be taught appropriately. Wells was widely read and often quoted by teachers but was unable to change the priorities of educational policy-makers. This essay examines his objections to conventional history; explores his alternative model of history education; and explains his eventual failure. Wells made an important contribution to the debate about history teaching in the inter-war years and his educational ideas have been unduly neglected. Résumé Cet article expose les tentatives de l’écrivain H. G. Wells en vue de réformer l’enseignement de l’histoire entre les deux guerres mondiales. Il tenait les professeurs d’histoire responsables du climat de nationalisme belliqueux qui avait rendu possible la guerre de 1914-1918. Wells était arrivé à la conclusion que seule une réforme en profondeur de l’enseignement de l’histoire pouvait assurer la survivance de l’espèce humaine. Il préconisait une histoire universelle, enseignée dans toutes les écoles du monde, qui commencerait avec les origines de l’univers et qui se terminerait avec le présent et un aperçu du futur qui transcenderait les frontières nationales. Cette histoire se devait d’être enseignée adéquatement. Beaucoup lu et souvent cité par des enseignants, néanmoins Wells n’a pas réussi à influencer les orientations des programmes. Cet article examine sa critique de l’enseignement conventionnel de l’histoire, explore son modèle alternatif et explique son échec éventuel. La contribution importante de Wells au débat sur l’enseignement en histoire durant l’entre-deux-guerres et ses idées éducationnelles ont été par trop négligées.
Relation between Christian Realism of Reinhold Niebuhr and Neo-orthodoxy
Authors: Brynov Vitaliy
Published: March 2020

The article considers the development of the ideas of Christian realism as a philosophical and ethical concept of Reinhold Niebuhr. The background of the development of Christian realism’s ideas is described. It is noted that the most impact had Niebuhr’s personal attitude to philosophy and epistemology, as well as the practical experience of serving in Detroit. The methodological approach of Niebuhr is defined as a contrast between the ideal and the real, with the subsequent solving of the conflict between them. It is noted that from the Niebuhr’s point of view, the transforming power of Christianity is rooted in moral and metaphysical dualism, where ethics subordinates metaphysics and gives strength to social and cultural transformations of humanity. It turned out that the ethical concept of Christian realism includes the classification of people as idealists, realists and cynics. Idealists are people who are mainly focused on idealistic concepts that are not represented in the real world. Idealists usually have distorted worldview because they deny taking into account the realities of the world. That also makes them vulnerable to manipulation of cynics. Realists are people who take into account all factors and all known sources of power in the real world, and have a pragmatic position, which is based on moral and ethical qualities. Cynics are those who have a pragmatic position to the world and relations with others, but they guide themselves only by personal interest and egoistic needs, and do not bother with moral restraints. In addition, the relationship of Niebuhr and other neo-orthodoxy theologians is described. Among them there are Karl Barth, Paul Tillich, Emil Brunner and Rudolf Bultmann. The polemic between Niebuhr and Bart is noted. It is shown that the main difference between Bart and Niebuhr was in the theological perspective: for Bart it was mostly dogmatic, and for Niebuhr - ethical and apologetical. The most similar to the theological position of Niebuhr is Brunner's theology, but the differences between them are in relation to the natural law. It is noted that the discrepancy between Niebuhr and Bultmann was an interpretation of the concept of myth. Finally, the contribution of neo-orthodoxy to the development of theology of the twentieth century is considered. It consists of five main achievements: the definition of theology of revelation as a concept of knowledge of God, the rethinking of biblical texts as carriers of kerigma, the historical contextualization of theological tradition, the rethinking of the Reformation’s ideas, and the ecumenical emphasis in theology.
ROLE OF COMPANY SIZE IN MEDIATION PROFITABILITY OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DISCLOSURE
Authors: Rosharlianti Zulfa , Annisa Dea , Akhsani Novi
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study is to determine whether company size is able to mediate the effect of profitability on CSR (corporate social responsibility) disclosure. The population of this research is companies listed as companies in Indonesia which are listed on the IDX from 2017 to 2018. The sample selection uses a purposive sampling method, which amounts to 38 data. The analysis method in this study used path analysis with the help of the IBM SPSS Statistics version 22 program. The results of the study prove that profitability has no effect on company size. Profitability affects the disclosure of CSR. The size of the company does not affect the disclosure of corporate social responsibility. And company size does not mediate the relationship between profitability and CSR.
Gastronomi Turizmi Potansiyelinin Tespiti ve Geliştirilmesi Kapsamında Balıkesir’in Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: İBİŞ Salim
Published: March 2020

Yemek insanların en temel fizyolojik ihtiyaçlarından birisidir. Yemek yemek günümüzde farklı mutfak kültürlerini tanımak, farklı lezzetleri tatmak, yeni deneyimler yaşamak gibi nedenlerle insanların seyahat etme motivasyonlarından biri haline gelmiş ve bununla birlikte gastronomi turizmi kavramı ortaya çıkmıştır. Gastronomi turizmi ekonomik kalkınmada, doğal ve kültürel zenginliklerin yaşatılmasında, turizm faaliyetlerinin yılın her ayına yayılmasında önemli bir araç olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada; Balıkesir ilinin gastronomi turizmi açısından çekicilik unsuru oluşturan yöresel ürünlerin tespit edilmesi, bu ürünlerin gastronomi turizmi çerçevesinde kullanılabilirliğinin tartışılarak çıkarımlar yapılması ve öneriler geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Literatür taramasına dayanan çalışmanın sonucunda Balıkesir yöresinin geçmişten bu yana çok farklı kültürleri barındırmış olmasından kaynaklı zenginliğinin mutfak çeşitliliğine de yansıdığı görülmektedir. Toplam 11 adet coğrafi işaretli ürünü bulunan Balıkesir’in gastronomi turizmi açısından değerli kılan pek çok zenginliği bulunmaktadır. Son olarak “50 Peynirli Şehir Balıkesir” eseri 2019 yılı dünya yemek kitabı yarışmasında birincilik ödülü alması şehrin sahip olduğu gastronomi değerlerinin ortaya çıkmasında önemli bir adım olmuştur.
İŞ YÜKÜ FAZLALIĞI ALGISININ İŞLE BÜTÜNLEŞME DÜZEYİNE ETKİSİ: AVUKATLAR ÜZERİNDEN BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: Yıldırım Mehmet , Deniz Mehmet
Published: March 2020

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı katılımcıların işle
bütünleşme düzeylerini ve iş yükü fazlalığı algılarını belirlemek, demografik
değişkenler ile bazı değişkenler açısından işle bütünleşme ve iş yükü
düzeylerinin farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını ortaya koymak ve iş yükü fazlalığı
algısının işle bütünleşme düzeyi üzerinde herhangi bir etkisinin olup
olmadığını tespit etmektir. Yapılan literatür
çalışmasında konunun özellikle avukatlık mesleği ile ilgili işle bütünleşme ve
iş yükü kavramı üzerinden yapılan bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Bu nedenle bu
çalışmanın ilgili alanda yapılacak benzer çalışmalara rehberlik edeceği
düşünülmektedir. İş yükünün fazla
olduğunu düşünen katılımcıların işle bütünleşme düzeylerinin düşük olacağı
varsayılmıştır. Çalışmaya Adıyaman Barosuna kayıtlı ve fiilen avukatlık
mesleğini icra eden 114 Avukat katılmıştır. İş Yükü Fazlalığı algısı ve İşle
Bütünleşme Düzeyi arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi için korelasyon analizi
yapılmış ve elde edilen bulgular İş Yükü ile İşle Bütünleşme Düzeyi arasında istatistiksel
olarak anlamlı bir ilişkinin olmadığını ortaya koymuştur. Elde edilen sonuçların
kuramsal ve uygulamaya dönük sonuçları ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın güçlü yönleri
ve sınırlılıkları ile birlikte gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalar için önerilerde
bulunulmuştur.
EDEBİYATIN ÖZÜNE YOLCULUK: EDEBİYATIN DOĞASI
Authors: Yıldırım Ahmet
Published: March 2020

Birçok öyküsü bulunan Cemal Şakar, çeşitli deneme-inceleme yazısıyla da edebiyat sahasında varlığını sürdüren bir isimdir. Şakar, öykücü kimliğinin yanına deneme-incelemeleriyle de ne yazdığını kontrol eden, dolayısıyla gerek kendini, gerekse edebiyat alemini sığaya çeken eleştirmen kimliğini de ekler. Edebiyatın Doğası, yazarın inceleme-deneme eserlerinden olup edebi metinlerin değerlendirme biçimini tarif etmektedir.
SMS REKLAMLARINA YÖNELİK TUTUM VE DAVRANIŞLARDA CEP TELEFONU KULLANIM AMAÇLARININ ROLÜ: ORTAÖĞRETİM ÖĞRENCİLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: Doğan Erkan , Duygun Adnan
Published: March 2020

Son yıllarda, cep telefonlarının geniş kullanıcı kitlelerine hitap etmesi ve tüketicilerin kullanım alışkanlıklarıyla birlikte reklam sektörü için cep telefonlarının önemi artmaktadır. Her türlü cep telefonunun alabildiği SMS (Short Message Service / Kısa Mesaj Servisi) reklamları ise geniş erişim yelpazesiyle dikkat çekmektedir. Türkiye’de genç nüfusun cep telefonunu etkin olarak kullanıyor olması, SMS reklamlarının hedef kitlesi olma olasılıklarını artırmaktadır. Bu noktadan hareketle; ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin SMS reklamlarına yönelik tutum ve davranışlarının incelenmesinde yarar bulunmaktadır. Bahsedilen nedenlerden hareketle hazırlanan bu çalışma, ortaöğretim düzeyindeki öğrencilerin, SMS reklamlarına yönelik tutum ve davranışlarında cep telefonu kullanım amaçlarının rolünü ortaya koymaktadır. İstanbul’un Bahçelievler İlçesinde 6 farklı ortaöğretim düzeyindeki okulda toplam 666 öğrenciye anket yaptırılmıştır. Araştırmanın amacına, örneklemine ve hipotezlerine uygun yöntem ve testler uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada faktör analizi ve regresyon sonuçlarına yer verilmiştir. Faktör analizi sonuçlarına göre SMS reklamlarına yönelik tutum ve davranışları oluşturan beş faktörün olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu faktörler; olumlu izlenim, hoşnutsuzluk, satın alma ve güvenlik, iletişim ve son olarak kişiselleştirme şeklinde sıralanmaktadır.Ayrıca SMS reklamlarına yönelik tutum ve davranışları üzerinde mesajlaşmak ve fotoğraf / video çekmek amaçlı cep telefonu kullanımının etkili olduğu; ancak mesajlaşmak ve fotoğraf / video çekmek amaçlı cep telefonu kullanımının SMS reklamlarına yönelik tutum ve davranışlar üzerindeki değiştirme gücünün ise görece düşük kaldığı belirlenmiştir.
Análise mineralógica de amostra de areia do Areal Morro Branco do Município de Porto Grande- AP
Authors: Andrade Alexsandrea Ricarda Pinheiro , Pereira Iara Rafaelle Silva , Dias Claudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos , Fecury Amanda Alves , Dendasck Carla Viana , Dantas Antônio de Pádua Arlindo
Published: March 2020

O município de Porto Grande foi criado em 1° de maio de 1992 e está localizado na região Norte do Estado de Amapá, possuindo uma área de 4 400 km². O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar a análise semiquantitativa de amostra de areia do Areal localizado no município de Porto Grande, a amostra coletada passou por algumas etapas fundamentais como: secagem, determinação de umidade, determinação das frações de argila, silte e areia, homogeneização, quarteamento e a análise granulométrica. Na determinação de umidade obtivemos o percentual de 2,4%, sendo esta a diferença entre a massas úmida e a massa seca da nossa amostra P1, após o processo de peneiramento calculou-se a percentagem do material retido em cada peneira para analisarmos o desempenho do nosso peneiramento e por último foi realizado a determinação das frações de argila que teve como peso 0,17 g, silte com peso de 24,83 g e a areia com peso 275 g. Contudo ao final dos ensaios podemos observar uma anomalia nos resultados de análise de granulometria, devido ao fato da peneira em questão que estaria úmida, impedindo assim que passe todo o material de granulometria fina.

Palavras-chave: Análise Mineralógica, Porto Grande, areia.
Pedagogo Empresarial: Funções e metodologias empregadas na resolução de problemas corporativos
Authors: Silva Renata Santos
Published: March 2020

As funções e meios de atuação do pedagogo ainda são desconhecidos por muitas pessoas, o que constitui um dos fatores para a contratação de psicólogos nas empresas para exercerem atividades específicas daquele profissional. Tendo isso em vista, o presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as atribuições e algumas das ferramentas de trabalho do pedagogo (e.g. programas de ação) no meio corporativo, espaço no qual cabe a tal profissional melhorar as relações interpessoais, estimular a criatividade e a participação ativa e atender às demandas individuais e coletivas (e.g. capacitação técnica, melhor comunicação e estabelecimento da confiança entre os colaboradores). Metodologicamente, para o desenvolvimento do presente estudo, fez-se um levantamento bibliográfico, assumindo-se as considerações de Gil (1994), Piletti (1995), Moscovici (1998), Eboli (2004), Holtz (2006), Lopes (2011) e Oliveira (2018) sobre os principais problemas da educação empresarial e Delors (1999), Libâneo (2001), Maron e Vieira (2002), Méndez (2002), Seitz (2005), Lopes; Trindade; Candinha (2009), Ribeiro (2010), ICE (2016) e Carvalho (2020) a respeito das competências, funções e instrumentos do pedagogo na empresa.

Palavras-chave: Pedagogia, empresa, educação, relação interpessoal, capacitação.
A prática da religiosidade como fator determinante para uma vida saudável: O caráter religioso como mantenedor da saúde física e mental
Authors: Fecury Amanda Alves , Aquino Elizabete Steyse Rocha , Oliveira Jessica Lopes , Gonçalves Vitória Nazaré Dias
Published: March 2020

Este estudo buscou quantificar e analisar produções científicas que discorram sobre o impacto positivo da vivência da religiosidade na manutenção e recuperação da saúde, nas várias faixas etárias, em seus aspectos multidimensionais. Foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico utilizando as palavras/termos: religiosidade, saúde mental, proteção da saúde e profissional de saúde; nas bases de dados LILACS, biblioteca eletrônica SCIELO e Portal de Periódicos CAPES, considerando o período de publicação de 2008 a 2019. A partir dessa busca, foi realizada a revisão integrativa de 18 trabalhos, utilizando como critério de inclusão os idiomas inglês e português, a disponibilidade online do trabalho e a compatibilidade com o tema do estudo. De modo geral, foi verificada a reinterpretação positiva do estado de sofrimento, onde a religiosidade “dá suporte ao sofrer”, além de indicar melhores índices de adesão aos tratamentos em situações de comorbidades. Atualmente, o público jovem também tem se inserido nessa visão positiva relacionada à religiosidade e o processo saúde X doença. Com relação aos idosos, a religiosidade tem destaque na manutenção, mas principalmente na recuperação da saúde. Além da prática religiosa particular, os grupos religiosos têm papel de destaque, representando uma rede de apoio social muitas vezes determinante no êxito do bem-estar biopsicossocial.

Palavras chaves: Religiosidade, saúde mental, proteção da saúde, profissional de saúde.
Дослідження токсикологічних властивостей плівкоутворюючого аерозолю антимікробної й анестезуючої дії
Authors: Тарасенко В. О. , Войтенко Г. М. , Давтян Л. Л. , Соломенний А. М.
Published: March 2020

Одним з основних етапів розробки лікарських засобів є проведення доклінічних досліджень, який включає комплекс дослідницьких процедур та операцій з визначення нешкідливості та специфічної активності з метою одержання дозволу на клінічні випробування з подальшим упровадженням лікарських засобів у промислове виробництво та медичну практику. Тому актуальним і важливим є визначення впливу розробленого плівкоутворюючого аерозолю антимікробної й анестезуючої дії на основні системи організму тварин з метою оцінки його безпеки. Мета дослідження – експериментальне вивчення токсикологічних характеристик (гострої та субхронічної токсичності, місцевоподразнюючої та сенсибілізуючої дії) плівкоутворюючого аерозолю щодо встановлення ступеня його безпеки за різних шляхів надходження до організму. Токсикологічні характеристики плівкоутворюючого аерозолю антимікробної та анестезуючої дії вивчали в гострому дослідженні та за умови повторних введень на теплокровних тваринах – білих щурах лінії Вістар масою 200–220 г, мишах масою 20–25 г, мурчаках і кролях породи Шиншила. Для встановлення токсикологічних характеристик аерозолю проводили визначення ступеня безпеки за його надходження до організму як через шлунково-кишковий тракт (одноразово та багаторазово), так і через шкірні покрови. Визначали подразнюючу дію аерозолю на шкіру (одноразово та багаторазово) і за контакту зі слизовою оболонкою очей. Також вивчали наявність/відсутність сенсибілізуючої дії аерозолю. Результати досліджень гострої токсичності потенційного лікарського засобу за внутрішньошлункового введення та нанесення на шкіру дозволили віднести його за токсикологічними властивостями до малонебезпечних сполук (ЛД50 > 5000,0 мг/кг). Встановлено, що тривале, протягом 14 діб, щоденне надходження аерозолю в дозі 1/10 ЛД50 до шлунка щурів, а також нашкірні аплікації не викликали будь-яких проявів інтоксикації в піддослідних тварин і не призвели до їхньої загибелі. Симптоми інтоксикації були відсутні. Дослідні тварини за зовнішнім виглядом, поведінкою, динамікою маси тіла, морфологічним складом периферичної крові, результатами патоморфологічного дослідження внутрішніх органів не відрізнялися від конт ролю. Плівкоутворюючий аерозоль не виявляє сенсибілізуючих властивостей і подразнюючої дії на слизові оболонки очей, шкірні покрови. З позицій токсикології досліджений аерозоль є безпечним.
Difficulties in breastfeeding: Easy solution by Oketani breast massage
Authors: Roy S. K. , Tasnim Saria , Jahan Ms. Khurshid , Nazmeen Summyia , Debnath Sumon Chandra , Islam A.B.M Muzharul
Published: March 2020

Background: Breastfeeding is universally recommended feeding method for promoting child survival. Many mothers in developing countries do not practice optimum breastfeeding due to difficulties in the breast that may lead to temporary or permanent cessation of breastfeeding. Oketani breast massage approach is one such technique to overcome those difficulties for successful lactation to promote child growth.   The aim of this study was to assess the difficulties in breastfeeding and mother’s expression on benefits of Oketani breast massage.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at lactational management center (LMC) in the Institute of Child Mother Health (ICMH), Dhaka, Bangladesh during March to August 2015. A total of 98 mothers (having 0-12 month’s old children) who had breast problems or difficulty in breastfeeding were included in the study. The mothers agreed to undertake Oketani massage. This is a breast massage that promotes breast milk production and helps the lactating mothers to overcome certain difficulties in the breast. Mothers who received Oketani massage were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire.

Results: Ninety-eight mothers were interviewed for this study. About two-thirds (66.3%) of babies were girls of which 57.1% were less than 2 months.  More than two-thirds (78.6%) mother ages were more than 25 years. Half of the mothers completed secondary school certificate (SSC) in which non-working (63.3%) mothers were more than working mother (36.7%). The proportion of exclusive breastfeeding practice was 50.0%. Most common difficulties included breast engorgement (22.4%), followed by sore nipple (17.3%) and insufficient milk (14.3%). After receiving Oketani massage mother’s perception of getting confidence improved to 80.6%. About 69% said that the baby can be fed well, 61.2% felt that there was increase in breast milk production and 56.1% mothers expressed feeling good after the massage. Study findings revealed that Breast feeding significantly improved with the Oketani breast massage (p=0.001).

Conclusion: Oketani massage is considered as a useful technique to build confidence and improved milk secretion among mothers facing difficulty during lactation. A multicentre study with detailed assessment of quality, the quantity of breastmilk as well as baby’s growth and nutritional assessment is recommended.
Early and mid-term outcome of CABG surgery in diabetic and non-diabetic patients in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md. Mazibur , Karim Md. Rezaul , Rahman Md. Hamidur , Siraj Masoom , Uddin Jamal , Amin Md. Nurul , Rashid M. A
Published: March 2020

Background: Previous trials showed that diabetic patients had worse in-hospital and long term outcome after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) than non diabetic ones. However, the majority of such studies was carried out in western countries and limited information is available for the Asian population.

Objective: The present study was intended to determine the impact of diabetes on early and mid-term outcome among patients undergoing CABG surgery in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh.

Methods: This study was performed at Ibrahim Cardiac Hospital & Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January to June 2014. Based on enrollment criteria, 202 patients (115 diabeticsand 87 non-diabetics) were enrolled and evaluated for their early outcome (within 30 days of operation) and midterm (after 30 days post-operatively). Patients with known diabetes or preoperative fasting blood sugar ≥6.4 mmol/L or random blood sugar ≥11.1 mmol/L were considered as diabetics. The outcome measures were ICU stay, reopening for bleeding, atrial fibrilation, cardiac arrest, total hospital stay, left ventricular ejection fraction and mortality.

Results: Diabetic patients in this study had higher prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, and renal failure.  The diabetic and the non diabetic groups received a mean number of grafts of 3.2±1.06 and 2.81±1.21, respectively, Postoperative mortality in diabetic and non-diabetic patients at early and mid-term were not significantly different in univariate analysis (4.3% vs. 2.3%, p= 0.352) and (2.6 % vs.  2.3%,p = 0.630) respectively. The mean intensive care unit (ICU) stay in diabetic and non-diabetic were same (3.5days) but total hospital stay was significantly higher in the former group (one day or more). Re-opening for   bleeding, atrial fibrilation and cardiac arrest in ICU were found higher in DM than those in non-DM group (28.7%vs.20.7%,10.4% vs. 8% and 4.2% vs.1.1% respectively).

Conclusion: Although the mortality rate of diabetic patients following CABG surgery was in significantly higher than their non-diabetic counterparts. Morbidity was also a bit higher. Strict perioperative glyacemic control could reduce morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients undergoing CABG.
Sympathetic cardiovascular function status of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Authors: Baksh Sohel , Akhter Shahin , Ali Obaidullah Ibne , Munna Momena Khatun , Rownak Nihad , Khan Sakhawat Mahmud
Published: March 2020

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic progressive obstructive airway disease which is often associated with cardiovascular diseases. Sympathetic dysfunction may complicate the cardiovascular diseases which may in turn increase the morbidity and mortality in COPD patients.

Objective: Aim of this study was to evaluate sympathetic cardiovascular function status of COPD patients to reduce the cardiovascular complication in those patients.

Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was carried out at the department of Physiology and department of Medicine, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi from July 2013 to June 2014.

Results: A total number of 80 subjects aged 40-55 years were selected, among which 40 were clinically diagnosed COPD patients (case) and 40 were age, sex and BMI matched apparently healthy persons for comparison (control group). To observe sympathetic cardiovascular function status resting pulse rate, resting systolic BP, resting diastolic BP, decline of systolic BP in response to standing from lying position (orthostatic test) and rise of diastolic BP in response to sustained hand grip for 5 minutes (isometric exercise test) were measured. For statistical analysis Independent sample t-test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient test were performed.  In this study resting pulse rate, systolic BP, diastolic BP and rise of diastolic blood pressure in isometric exercise test were significantly increased in COPD than in healthy control group. On the other hand, decline of systolic blood pressure in orthostatic test was significantly decreased in COPD than in control group.

Conclusion: This study concludes that sympathetic cardiovascular function is overactive in COPD and sympathetic over activity correlates with severity of the disease.
Status of self-medication among the patients attending outpatient department in selected private hospitals in Dhaka city
Authors: Hasan Md. Riyadh , Yasmin Nawzia , Seoty Nuhad Raisa , Hasan Md. Maniul , Shahjahan Maj. Gen. (Retd) Dr. M
Published: March 2020

Background: Inguinal hernia is a common problem and its repair is one of the most commonly performed procedures in general surgical practice. Several methods have been developed including Lichtenstein’s repair. Among these Lichtenstein’s repair has been standard technique for last few decades. In recent time a new procedure “no mesh Desarda hernia repair” has emerged as a recognized operative method for inguinal hernia repair.

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the outcome of Desarda technique in repairing inguinal hernia.

Methods: This was a single centered descriptive study to see the outcome of inguinal hernia repair by Desarda technique in both elective and emergency surgery carried out in the Dept. of Surgery, Sher-E-Bangla Medical College Hospital, Barisal from August, 2015 to July, 2016.

Results: A total of 100 patients underwent Desarda repair for inguinal hernia including primary/recurrent and elective/ emergency cases. Variables includes age, type of surgery, operating time, post-operative complications, post-operative pain, post-operative hospital stay, cost of the procedure, chronic groin pain and any early recurrence. Mean age of patient was 48.9±9.07 years. Mean operating time was 43.72±9.64mins. Majority (54%) of the patient experienced mild post-operative pain on first day, measured in VAS score. Ten percent of patients developed different post-operative complications like wound infection (2%), seroma formation (1%) and scrotaledema (7%).

Conclusion: In this study, it is revealed that no mesh Desarda repair for inguinal hernia was associated with less operating time, less post-operative pain, less post-operative complications, short hospital stay, zero recurrence rate, no chronic groin pain and performed in emergency cases also. So, it is safe and most reliable technique for all type of inguinal hernia surgery.
Accuracy of SpO2 measurements by placing probes on newborns' wrist and ankle
Authors: Tajkia Gule , Shirin Mahfuza , Hossain M Monir , Al Mamun Mohammad Abdullah
Published: March 2020

Background: Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive technique of measuring oxygenation of the blood that is used worldwide to assess critically ill patients. The accuracy of pulse oximetry reading may be related to the site of pulse oximeter probe placement; but this may be difficult in sick neonates. In neonates, palm and sole are commonly used site for probe placement.

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the accuracy of pulse oximeter oxygen saturation (SpO2) from probe placement at wrist and ankle as an alternative to palm and sole in neonates.

Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in SCABU of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital from December 2012 to March 2013. A total of 169 neonates were enrolled in this study. Two pulse oximeters were used for simultaneous paired SpO2 measurements. The SpO2 was measured at 0 sec, then at 30 sec and at 1 min over the palm and ipsilateral wrist, both side and repeated the same procedure over the sole and ipsilateral ankle, both side and were recorded in the case record form. Two tailed, Student’s t-test was performed for analysis of continuous, normally distributed variables. Regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between paired SpO2 measurements.

Results:  A total of 169 patients (birth weight 2530.8±772.2 g, gestational age 36.7±3.9 weeks, mean age 7.7 days and age range 1-27 days) were enrolled. There was a good correlation between SpO2 measured at the palm versus the wrist (r= 0.92, p<0.0001 (right); r= 0.88, p< 0.0001 (left)) and between SpO2 measured at the sole versus the ankle (r=0.90, p<0.0001 (right); r= 0.98, p<0.0001 (left)). There was also a good agreement between paired SpO2 measurements from these sites. The bias and precision for SpO2 at the right palm and right wrist was 0.08 ± 0.65% and for the left palm and left wrist 0.05 ± 0.79%. Similarly, the bias and precision for SpO2 at the right sole and right ankle was -0.11 ± 0.63% and for the left sole and left ankle was 0.56 ± 0.32%.

Conclusion: The wrist and ankle can be used as alternative sites, to measure SpO2 in newborn infants in place of the routinely used palm or sole.
Squamous cell carcinoma arising in a dermoid cyst of the ovary: A case series
Authors: Hossain Nasrin , Nag Uma , Mahmud Mohammad Sharif
Published: March 2020

Background: Malignant transformation in a dermoid cyst of the ovary is a rare complication, occurring in only 1-2% of cases, with squamous cell carcinoma being the most common type. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult because of the lack of specific symptoms and signs to suggest malignancy. The prognosis is generally poor when disease has spread beyond the ovary.  

Objective: This study was conducted to review experience with this disease and describe the current treatment modality.

Methods: It was identified 4 women with this diagnosis during 2013-2018. This is a descriptive study, looking at the patient’s characteristics, mode of presentation, the role of tumor markers and radiological imaging in diagnosis. It was also examined the stage and pathological features of the presentation and subsequent course of the disease.

Result: The median age was 45 (range: 32-63 yrs). Three cases were stage I and one case was stage III. The average tumor diameter was 14.1cm. All patients were under surgery. Two patients not received any adjuvant therapy and two patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. One patient had recurrent disease in the pelvis during adjuvant chemotherapy and died at 8 month of her diagnosis. Other three patients were disease free for last 3 years. The overall 2 yrs survival was 70%.

Conclusion: Squamous carcinomas arising in mature cystic teratomas are commonly large ovarian tumors that occur in perimenopausal women often present as an incidental finding. There are no reliable diagnostic tools or prognostic indicators. The behaviour of these tumors is unpredictable. Conservative surgery may be considered in women wishing to preserve fertility. The role of chemotherapy and radiotherapy remains unclear in the adjuvant or metastatic setting.
Achieving universal health coverage by 2030: The role of parliaments in ensuring right to health
Authors: Millat Md. Habibe , Lohr Mr. Christian , Carvalho Ms. Mariana
Published: March 2020

In October 2018, on behalf of the Bangladesh Parliament, I proposed to the 139th Assembly of the Inter Parliamentary Union (IPU) to adopt a resolution on “Achieving universal health coverage by 2030: The role of parliaments in ensuring the right to health” (Annex-1). After the acceptance of my proposal, I worked as a co-rapporteur along with Mr. Christian Lohr, Member of the National Council, Switzerland and Ms. Mariana Carvalho, Member of the Chamber of Deputies, Brazil for a year to consult with and gather inputs from the parliaments and parliamentarians across the world.

After several intensive discussions, debates and consultations in different parts of the world, we presented a draft proposal to the IPU member parliaments before presented it to the IPU assembly. Later, following the final debate and discussion, 141st IPU assembly 2019 in Belgrade, Serbia approved this resolution. I believe this global tool will enable parliaments and parliamentarians to contribute in ensuring the highest attainable standard of health and global health targets by 2030.

I am grateful to the Hon’ble Prime Minister of Bangladesh Jononetry Sheikh Hasina MP and the Hon’ble Speaker of Bangladesh Parliament Dr. Shirin Sharmin Chaudhury MP for their encouragement. I am also thankful to IPU President Ms Gabriela Cuevas Barron, IPU Secretary General Mr Martin Chungong and World Health Organization Director General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus for their regular guidance towards this initiative. My sincere appreciation goes to the colleagues from the Bangladesh Parliament, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of Bangladesh, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bangladesh, IPU Secretariat and WHO Secretariat for their contribution in the process.

I hope our parliaments and parliamentarians will take full advantage of this resolution in their work to make the right decisions when it’s come to those health issues.

I am now looking forward to working together with my fellow parliamentarians from home and abroad to deliver the commitment we have made through the IPU resolution on universal health coverage. I would appreciate your comment, suggestion and advice in this regard.
Digimentorointi osana työelämäläheistä jatkuvan oppimisen ekosysteemiä
Authors: Leppisaari Irja
Published: March 2020

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan digimentorointia yhtenä jatkuvaa oppimista tukevana käytänteenä oppimisen ekosysteemiajattelun valossa. Digimentoroinnin toimintatapojen kehittäminen opiskelijoiden ja työelämän välisillä yhdyspinnoilla on eräs eAMK-hankkeen (2017–2020) toimenpide, jonka tavoitteena on oppimisen ja sen toimintatapojen uudistaminen. Talvella 2017–2018 kootun haastatteluaineiston pohjalta tarkastellaan korkeakoulutoimijoiden ja yritysten edustajien näkemyksiä ja kokemuksia, jotka esittelevät digimentorointia toimintatapana. Digimentorointia analysoidaan tässä yhteydessä Kemmisin ja Heikkisen (2012) ekosysteemi-ajattelumallin pohjalta. Tutkimus osoittaa, että digimentorointi asemoituu mielekkäällä tavalla osaksi oppimisen dynaamista ekosysteemiä. Se tunnistetaan toimijoiden vastavuoroista jatkuvaa oppimista ja yhteiskehittämistä tukevana käytänteenä, joka ketterästi muuntuu vastaamaan toimintaympäristön uusiin odotuksiin. Haasteena on, miten luoda digimentoroinnin yhteiskehittämisen tiloja korkeakoulujen ja työelämän yhdyspinnoille.
Akateemisen työn merkityksellisyys ja yliopiston muuttuvat vaatimukset
Authors: Tapanila Katriina
Published: March 2020

Julkinen valta vaatii yliopistoilta yhä enemmän taloudellisen hyödyn tuottamista ja kilpailukyvyn vahvistamista. Suoritteiden ja tehokkuuden korostaminen on kuitenkin nähty ristiriitaisena yliopistojen sivistystehtävän kanssa, ja se on vähentänyt yliopistohenkilöstön työssään kokemaa merkityksellisyyttä. Tarkastelen kasvatustieteitä, lääke- ja biotieteitä sekä kielitieteitä edustavien tutkija-opettajien työssään kokemaa merkityksellisyyttä ja sen muutosta. Kysyn, millaisia merkityksiä he antavat työlleen, miten ja mistä asioista he rakentavat työnsä merkityksellisyyttä ja miten he sovittavat yhteen omia identifikaatioitaan ja yliopistotyölle asetettuja vaatimuksia. Aineistona on teemakirjoittamisen menetelmällä kerätyt tutkija-opettajien kirjoittamat kuvaukset heidän suhtautumisestaan työhönsä ja yliopistossa tapahtuneisiin muutoksiin. Tutkija-opettajat rakensivat työnsä merkityksellisyyttä edistämällä tiedettä, kasvattamalla ja sivistämällä opiskelijoita, vaikuttamalla yhteiskuntaan ja vaalimalla yliopistoyhteisöä. Sivistyseetokseen identifioituneet kasvatus- ja kielitieteilijät kokivat oman työnsä arvostuksen heikentyneen mitattavia tuloksia korostavassa yritysmäisessä yliopistossa ja sen myötä myös kokemansa työn merkityksellisyyden vähentyneen. Jos yliopisto ohjaa työntekijöitään sitoutumaan pääosin oman uran edistämiseen tuottamalla julkaisuja ja hakemalla rahoitusta, se ei välttämättä kykene tuottamaan siltä odotettavaa yhteiskunnallista hyötyä, laatua ja vaikuttavuutta.
Lausunnonantajat vuonna 2019
Authors: Kouvo Terhi
Published: March 2020

Vuonna 2019 Aikuiskasvatuksessa julkaistiin 12 vertaisarvioitua tiedeartikkelia. Lisäksi toimituskunta käsitteli useita artikkelikäsikirjoituksia. Kiitämmelämpimästi lausunnonantajia!