bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kualitas Hidup Pasien Hipertensi Dengan Penyakit Penyerta Di Poli Jantung RSUD Ratu Zalecha Martapura
Authors: Alfian Riza , Susanto Yugo , Khadizah Siti
Published: January 2019

Hipertensi dengan penyakit penyerta adalah salah satu penyebab kematian nomor satu di dunia. Hal tersebut pasti akan membahayakan jiwa pasien dan menurunkan kualitas hidup pasien. Kualitas hidup merupakan indikator penting untuk menilai keberhasilan intervensi pelayanan kesehatan, baik dari segi pencegahan maupun pengobatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran kualitas hidup pasien hipertensi dengan penyakit penyerta gagal jantung dan hipertensi dengan penyakit penyerta diabetes melitus di poli jantung RSUD Ratu Zalecha Martapura. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Pengambilan data dilakukan secara prosfektif pada pasien rawat jalan di poli jantung selama periode Desember 2015 – Januari 2016. Subjek penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi sejumlah 71 orang yang terbagi atas 58 orang (82,36 %) pasien hipertensi dengan penyakit penyerta gagal jantung dan 13 orang (17,64 %) pasien hipertensi dengan penyakit penyerta diabetes melitus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan melakukan wawancara mengunakan kuesioner Short Form 36 (SF 36). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan untuk 58 orang pasien hipertensi dengan penyakit penyerta gagal jantung 15 orang (25,86%) kualitas hidup baik, dan 43 orang (74,14%) kualitas hidup kurang baik, total skor kualitas hidup rata-rata yaitu 46,21 dengan nilai skor tiap dimensi yaitu fungsi fisik 48,71, fungsi emosi 64,9, fungsi sosial 50,25, kesehatan umum 44,11, keadaan fisik 31,9, keadaan emosi 36,23, dimensi nyeri 36,85, dan fatique 58,72. Sedangkan untuk 13 orang pasien hipertensi dengan penyakit penyerta diabetes melitus 9 orang (69,23 %) kualitas hidup baik dan 4 orang (30,77 %) kualitas hidup kurang baik, total skor kualitas hidup rata-rata yaitu 67,93 dengan nilai skor tiap dimensi yaitu fungsi fisik 69,54, fungsi emosi 86,00, fungsi sosial 75,96, kesehatan umum 49,68, keadaan fisik 63,46, keadaan emosi 66,67, dimensi nyeri 61,92, dan fatique 70,19. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di Poli Jantung RSUD Ratu Zalecha Martapura dapat disimpulkan bahwa pasien hipertensi dengan penyakit penyerta gagal jantung mayoritas memiliki gambaran kualitas hidup yang kurang baik dan pasien hipertensi dengan penyakit penyerta diabetes melitus mayoritas memiliki gambaran kualitas hidup baik.

Kata Kunci: Kualitas Hidup, Hipertensi dengan penyakit penyerta
Analisis Kualitatif Rhodamin B Dalam Bumbu Tabur Pada Penjual Jajanan di Kecamatan Banjarmasin Utara Kota Banjarmasin
Authors: Febrianti Dwi Rizki , Hakim Muhammad Rahman
Published: January 2019

ABSTRAK

Bumbu tabur adalah bumbu yang fungsinya untuk memberikan rasa pelezat pada makanan atau jajanan yang biasanya berwarna merah atau orange terang yang di curigai mengandung bahan pewarna dilarang yaitu Rhodamin B. Rhodamin B adalah bahan kimia yang digunakan untuk pewarna merah pada industri tekstil dan plastik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan keberadaan zat pewarna Rhodamin B yang diduga terdapat pada bumbu tabur pada penjual jajanan di Kecamatan Banjarmasin Utara Kota Banjarmasin.Metode yang digunakan untuk uji kualitatif adalah metode kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT). Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik sampling insidental. Sampel yang didapatkan pada penelitian ini berjumlah 16 bumbu tabur rasa balado.Sebelum melakukan pengujian sampel dipreparasi terlebih dahulu menggunakan metode penyerapan benang wol bebas lemak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 16 sampel ditemukan 5 sampel mengandung Rhodamin B. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, masih ditemukan bumbu tabur rasa balado pada penjual jajanan di Kecamatan Banjarmasin Utara Kota Banjarmasin tidak aman dikonsumsi.

Kata Kunci : Bumbu Tabur, Rhodamin B, Kromatografi Lapis Tipis

ABSTRACT

Spice flavor gives a flavor to the food or snacks, that are usually red or orange light that allegedly contain a prohibited coloring of Rhodamine B. Rhodamin B is a chemical used for red dyes in the textile and plastics industries. The aim of this research is to prove the existence of Rhodamin B dye which is suspected to be found in spice on the seller of snack in North Banjarmasin Subdistrict of Banjarmasin. The method used for qualitative test is thin layer chromatography (TLC) method. Sampling was done by incidental sampling technique. The samples obtained in this study amounted to 16 spice flavor balado.Before doing sample testing dipreparasi first using the method of absorption of fat-free yarn wool. The results showed that from 16 samples found 5 samples containing Rhodamin B.
Keywords : Seasoning Flavor, Rhodamin B, Thin Layer Chromatography
Review: Tanaman Obat yang Berefek Sebagai Antigout
Authors: Fariz Abshar , Sholihin Muhammad Aditya , Fauzi Rakhmat , Rizki Muhammad Ikhwan
Published: January 2019

ABSTRAK

Gout adalah keadaan penumpukan kristal yang berasal dari gangguan metabolisme asam urat di dalam sendi, jaringan periartikular, tulang dan organ lainnya. Pasien yang menderita gout akan memiliki resiko dari kardiovaskular yang sangat tinggi, sehingga perlu strategi pencegahan yang optimal. Prevalensi asam urat di Indonesia terjadi pada usia di bawah 34 tahun yaitu sebesar 32%. Sejak zaman dahulu masyarakat Indonesia mengenal dan menggunakan tanaman berkhasiat obat sebagai salah satu upaya menanggulangi berbagai masalah kesehatan. Review bertujuan untuk membahas tanaman yang terkait dengan gout yang digunakan untuk mengurangi dan mencegah terjadinya gout berdasarkan literatur. Pada review artikel ini digunakan literatur online dan offline. Literatur online didapat dari jurnal publikasi lokal maupun internasional yang diperoleh dari penyedia jurnal di internet. Literatur offline yang digunakan yaitu buku dan e-book. Gout dapat diatasi dengan bahan alam yaitu Sirsak (Annonna muricata Linn.), Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa), Suruhan (Peperomia pellucida), Kulit Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) Daun Tempuyung (Sonchus arvensis) dan Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum).

Kata Kunci : Asam urat, bahan alam, gout, tanaman

ABSTRACT

Gout is a state of buildup of crystals derived from metabolic disorders of uric acid in joints, periarticular tissues, bones and other organs. Patients suffering from gout will have a very high cardiovascular risk, so an optimal prevention strategy is needed. The prevalence of uric acid in Indonesia occurs at age below 34 years that is equal to 32%. Since ancient times the people of Indonesia know and use medicinal plants as one of the efforts to overcome various health problems. Review aims to discuss gout-related plants used to reduce and prevent the occurrence of gout based on literature. In this article review used the online and offline literature. Online literature is obtained from local and international publication journals obtained from journal providers on the internet. The offline literature used is books and e-books. Gout can be overcome with natural ingredients namely Soursop (Annonna muricata Linn.), Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa), Suruhan (Peperomia pellucida), Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Tempuyung Leaf (Sonchus arvensis) and Leaf Salam (Syzygium polyanthum).

Keywords: Uric acid, natural ingredients, gout, plants
Aktivitas Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Pisang Kepok Mentah (Musa paradisiaca forma typica) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida albicans Secara In Vitro
Authors: Ariani Novia , Riski Akhmad
Published: January 2019

ABSTRAK

Infeksi adalah invasi dan pembiakan mikroorganisme pada jaringan tubuh. Infeksi saluran reproduksi yang terjadi pada wanita salah satunya adalah keputihan, dalam medis disebut dengan istilah leukore atau fluor albus. Keputihan disebabkan oleh adanya infeksi jamur pada genetalia perempuan atau disebabkan oleh organisme yaitu Candida albicans. Pisang kepok mentah merupakan salah satu tanaman yang mengandung mengandung metabolit sekunder flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin dan tanin yang banyak digunakan sebagai antibakteri dan juga antifungi.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas ekstrak etanol kulit buah pisang kepok mentah (Musa paradisiaca forma typical) terhadap pertumbuhan Candida albicans secara in vitro¬. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental dengan menggunakan metode kertas cakram yang dilakukan di laboratorium Mikrobiologi Akademi Farmasi ISFI Banjarmasin. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan kriteria tertentu. Penentuan daya hambat dengan melihat zona hambat disekitar disk.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol kulit buah pisang kepok mentah (musa paradisiaca forma tyipica) memiliki aktivitas antifungi terhadap Candida Albicans secara in Vitro.

Kata Kunci: Pisang Kepok Mentah, In Vitro, Candida Albicans, Metode Kertas Cakram, Infeksi

ABSTRACT

Infection is an invasion and growth of microorganism on body tissue. Reproductive tract infections that occur in women one of them is vaginal discharge, in medical termed leukore or fluorine albus. Leuchorrhea is an infection from fungal on woman organ genetalia, and it called candida albicans. Raw kepok banana is one of the plants that contain secondary metabolites flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and tannins has widely used as antibacterial and antifungi activity. The purpose of this research is to know the activity of ethanol extract of raw banana kepok (Musa paradisiaca forma typica) on the growth of Candida albicans in vitro. The type of this research is experimental with the method paper disk in the laboratory of Microbiology of Pharmacy Academy of ISFI Banjarmasin. The sampling used by purposive sampling technique with certain criteria. To determination of resistibility saw the transparent zone around the well. The results of this research showed that bark extract of raw banana peel extract had activity to growth of Candida albicans in vitro.

Keyword: Kepok Banana Raw, In Vitro, Candida Albicans, Paper disk methode, Infection
Aktivitas Antimalaria Senyawa Flavanon Terisoprenilasi Dari Kulit Batang Erythrina fusca L
Authors: Fatmawati Novi , Anggreini Novi , Saputri Ratih Dewi , Tjahjandarie Tjitjik Srie , Tanjung Mulyadi
Published: January 2019

ABSTRAK
Dua senyawa flavanon terisoprenilasi yakni lonkokarpol A (1) dan lupinifolin (2) telah diisolasi dari kulit batang Erythrina fusca L. Struktur senyawa flavanon terisoprenilasi ditetapkan berdasarkan analisis spektroskopi UV, IR, MS dan NMR. Uji aktivitas antimalarial senyawa 1–2 terhadap Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7 memperlihatkan IC50 1,18 dan 0,82 µg/ml yang dikategorikan sangat aktif.
Kata kunci : Erythrina fusca L., lonkokarpol A, lupinifolin, antimalaria

ABSTRACT
Two isoprenylated flavanones namely as lonchocarpol A (1) dan lupinifolin (2) were isolated from the stem bark of Limonia accidissima L. Erythrina fusca L. Their structures were determined based on spectroscopic data such as UV, IR, MS and NMR. Compounds 1–2 were evaluated for their antimalarial against Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7 showing their IC50 were 1.18 and 0.8 µg/ml, respectively and very high activity.
Keywords : Erythrina fusca L., lonchocarpol A, lupinifolin, antimalarial
Penggunaan Obat Rasional (POR) dalam Swamedikasi pada Tenaga Kesehatan di STIKES Sari Mulia Banjarmasin
Authors: Atmaja Dewi Susanti , Rahmadina Aprillia
Published: January 2019

Swamedikasi merupakan kegiatan umum yang dilakukan oleh seseorang ketika sedang sakit. Swamedikasi yang tepat dengan pemberian informasi yang diberikan oleh tenaga kesehatan akan membantu proses penyembuhan pasien dengan mengoptimalkan terapi. Tenaga kesehatan yang memiliki pengetahuan tentang penggunaan obat rasional seharusnya memiliki perilaku positif dalam swamedikasi untuk dirinya sendiri dan pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran swamedikasi yang dilakukan oleh tenaga kesehatan di STIKES Sari Mulia terkait Penggunaan Obat Rasional (POR). Desain penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode explanatory survey. Responden adalah tenaga kesehatan (dokter, apoteker, perawat dan bidan) yang bekerja sebagai pengelola di STIKES Sari Mulia berjumlah 75 orang. Responden diminta untuk mengisi kuesioner suervei penggunaan obat rasional. Gambaran dari pengisian kuesioner tersebut terdapat 62,7% responden yang melakukan swamedikasi ketika sedang sakit dan responden yang mengetahui tentang penggunaan obat rasional hanya 80,0% dari total keseluruhan responden.
Kata kunci: Penggunaan Obat Rasional (POR), swamedikasi, tenaga kesehatan

Self-medication is common thing to do by someone if he or she gets sick. Right self medication with proper information given by health-workers can help patient’s healing process with optimizing therapy. Health-workers who have knowledge about rational use of medicine should have positive behavior in self-medication for themselves and patient’s. This research aimed to see how self-medication is done by health-workers at STIKES Sari Mulia with rational use of medicine. The design of this research is descriptive using explanatory survey method. Respondents are health-workers (doctor, pharmacist, nurse and midwife) who work at STIKES Sari Mulia with total of 75 persons. Respondents will be asked to fill a questionnaire about rational use of medicine. Questionnaire result shows about 62,7% of respondents do self-medication when they get sick and total respondents who know about rational use of medicine is only 80,0% of all respondents.
Keywords: Rational use of medicine, self-medication, health-workers
The Development of Authentic Assessment Instrument to Measure Science Process Skill and Achievement based on Students' Performance
Authors: Kurniawati Atin , Sukardiyono Sukardiyono
Published: January 2019

This study aims to develop an authentic assessment instrument based on students' performance. It can build the science process skill and measure the cognitive aspects of studentâ€™s achievement. The procedure of research & development method is adapted from Borg and Gallâ€™s model, consisting collecting information, planning, early product development, preliminary field testing, first product revision, field testing, second product revision, and dissemination. The initial field testing was executed to 15 participants, and the field testing to 31 participants in MAN III Yogyakarta use the One â€“ Shot Case Study model. The results of the study as follows: (1) instruments according to the experts' judgment, physics teachers and peers, in general, was valid, (2) instruments at the preliminary field test and main field test was reliable, and (3) instruments could build skills and measure cognitive achievementâ€™s aspect of the scientific process skills of the senior high-school students for heat and temperature topic.
The Design of Media on Two-Lens System Experiment (MTLSE) for Pre-service Physics Teachers
Authors: Saprudin Saprudin , Liliasari Liliasari , Prihatmanto Ary Setijadi , Setiawan Andhy
Published: January 2019

This article is a part of the research in designing a model of the geometrical-optics game on optics' courses for pre-service physics teachers (PPTs). This article describes the preliminary form of product, the result of validation, and PPTsâ€™ responses to the media on two-lens system experiment (MTLSE). The validation of this media has been done according to physics subject matter, instructional media and pedagogical experts. The implementation of MTLSE using the one-shot case study design involving 25 PPTs at one of the Islamic universities in Bandung. We collected the data of MTLSE validation and PPTsâ€™ responses through non-test techniques with questionnaire instruments. The data using quantitative descriptive analysis technique. The results of MTLSE validation can be good categorized. Besides, generally, the PPTsâ€™ responses are good categorized toward the implementation of MTLSE on optics' courses.
The Development of Experimental Sets for Measuring Linear Thermal Expansion Coefficient of Metal Using Digital Video-Based Single Slit Diffraction Method
Authors: Yogaswara Yuri , Latief Fourier Dzar Eljabbar
Published: January 2019

The development of an apparatus for the measurement of linear thermal expansion coefficient of metal by a single diffraction method has been developed. The development was made based on several ideas from previous researchers, as well as to overcome several limitations which yields insignificant results. The development includes the redesign of the primary holder module, the temperature measurement module (using a thermocouple sensor connected to the PC), and the measurement approach of the diffraction pattern distance by means of digital video analysis techniques using Tracker software. The development of the modules as well as the measurement approach that has been done yields very good experimental results. The measured linear thermal expansion coefficient of aluminum has a high level of accuracy and precision. The result is (23.100 ± 0.2186)×10-6/°C, and compared from a reference, i.e., 23.000 × 10-6/°C, the relative error of is 0.95% and the relative standard deviation is 0.43%.
Understanding the Environmental Impact of a Mine Dam Rupture in Brazil: Prospects for Remediation
Authors: Santos O. S. H. , Avellar F. C. , Alves M. , Trindade R. C. , Menezes M. B. , Ferreira M. C. , França G. S. , Cordeiro J. , Sobreira F. G. , Yoshida I. M. , Moura P. M. , Baptista M. B. , Scotti M. R.
Published: January 2019

The rupture of the Fundão mine dam in Mariana municipality, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, spilled the tailings across the Doce River basin. These tailings, composed of residues discarded from the beneficiation of iron ore, are rich in SiO2 and Al2O3, as well as some ether amine compounds and NaOH. The aim of this study was to assess the distribution of these sediments, as well as their effect on the riparian zones reached, as compared with preserved sites. Sediment deposition in the river resulted in a morphological change from a meandering profile to a braided aspect. The nutrient and mineral content (P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, and NO3−) and soil organic matter of the sediments were depleted, whereas NH4+, Na, and pH increased. A random presence of ether amines in the sediments was confirmed by quantitative and chromatographic analyses, with concentrations ranging from 0 to 57.8 mg kg−1; Na reached values as high as 150 mg kg−1. The impact of the dam tailings on biota was assessed by estimating total microbial biomass (phospholipid fatty acids), which were depleted in sediments relative to soils from preserved sites. Overall plant mortality, as well as a low resilience capacity, were also observed. Ether amines and Na present in the sediments had a strong toxic effect in the environment. Identification of these substances as the main impact factors will help guide future remediation efforts.

Core Ideas

Dam disruption caused changes in the fluvial profile and nutrient depletion in the sediment.

Depletion of microbial biomass in the sediment and plant mortality occurred.

Despite the low organic matter and NO3− in the sediment, NH4+, Na, and pH increased.

The environmental impact was attributed to the increase in NH4+, pH, and Na.

Ether amine and Na from the dam are the main toxic factors.
Root Decomposition of Grazed Signalgrass in Response to Stocking and Nitrogen Fertilization Rates
Authors: Siqueira da Silva Hiran Marcelo , Batista Dubeux José Carlos , Silveira Maria Lúcia , Ferreira dos Santos Mércia Virginia , Viana de Freitas Erinaldo , de Andrade Lira Mário
Published: January 2019

Belowground root biomass can respond differently to grazing management affecting grass sward quality and longevity. Linking grazing management with belowground responses is scarce in warm‐climate grassland literature. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of different stocking rates (SRs) and N fertilization on root chemical composition and decomposition in signalgrass pastures [Urochloa decumbens (Stapf.) R. D. Webster]. The experiment consisted of a factorial arrangement of three SRs (2.0, 3.9, and 5.8 animal units [AU] ha−1; 1 AU = 450 kg live weight) and three N fertilization rates (0, 150, and 300 kg N ha−1 yr−1). Response variables included root remaining biomass and N, root N and lignin concentrations, root C/N ratio, and root lignin/N ratio. Response variables were not affected by SR and N fertilization, except for remaining root biomass. All response variables were affected by incubation time. Root decomposition fitted a single exponential decay model. Remaining biomass was 30% of initial biomass (k = 0.0022 g g−1 d−1) after 512 d. Remaining N was 31% of initial N (k = 0.0007 g g−1 d−1) at the end of the incubation. Remaining root biomass was reduced with increasing N levels for 3.9 AU ha−1, but not for 2.0 and 5.8 AU ha−1. Root decomposition released ∼65 kg N ha−1 during 512 d trough mineralization. Grassland ecosystems have important C stock in their belowground plant biomass, which is relevant for the global C cycle. Therefore, practices that maintain or increase belowground C stocks should be preferred.
Predicting Genetic Variance from Genomewide Marker Effects Estimated from a Diverse Panel of Maize Inbreds
Authors: Adeyemo Emmanuel , Bernardo Rex
Published: January 2019

Predicting the genetic variance (VG) in a biparental population has been difficult. Our objective was to determine whether the population mean, VG, and mean of the top 10% of progeny in a cross can be predicted effectively from genomewide marker effects estimated from a diverse panel of inbreds. Eight maize (Zea mays L.) crosses that differed in their predicted mean and VG were evaluated for plant and ear height and growing degree days to silking. Each cross was represented by 120 to 144 random F3 lines that were evaluated in balanced experiments at three locations in Minnesota in 2017. Correlations between the observed and predicted means of each breeding population were significant (r ≥ 0.80, P = 0.05) for all three traits. However, correlations between the observed and predicted VG were nonsignificant (−0.24 to 0.14) for the three traits. Correlations between the observed and predicted mean of the top 10% of progeny in each cross were significant (P = 0.05) for plant height (0.72), but not for ear height and silking date. These results for predicting the mean of the top 10% of progeny reflected the ability to predict the mean but not VG. We concluded that the mean, but not the VG, of biparental crosses can be effectively predicted from genomewide marker effects estimated from a diverse panel of inbreds.
Removal of ammonia-nitrogen in wastewater using a novel poly ligand exchanger-Zn(II)-loaded chelating resin
Authors: Chen Yan , Chen Wei , Chen Quanzhou , Peng Changhong , He Dewen , Zhou Kanggen
Published: January 2019

In this study, a novel poly ligand exchanger-Zn(II)-loaded resin was designed to effectively remove ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) from wastewater. The surface morphology and structure of the Zn-loaded resin were characterized using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. SEM shows the surfaces of the Zn(II)-loaded resin were rough and nonporous and EDS demonstrated that Zn2+ was loaded onto the resin successfully. In addition, the combination form of Zn(II) with NH3-N adsorption reagent was revealed by FTIR spectra; the complex could be R-N-R-O-Zn-O-R-N-R and R-N-R-(O-Zn)2. The kinetics and equilibrium of the NH3-N adsorption onto the Zn(II)-loaded resin has been investigated. The effects of pH, reaction time, and temperature on NH3-N removal from wastewater by Zn(II)-loaded resin were investigated, and the results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity reached 38.55 mg/g at pH 9.54 at 298 K in 240 min. The adsorption ability of the modified resin decreased with an increase in temperature. Moreover, the NH3-N adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic process. The kinetic data demonstrated that the adsorption process might be limited by a variety of mechanisms. The study can provide the scientific foundation for the extensive application of a novel poly ligand exchanger-Zn(II)-loaded resin to remove NH3-N from wastewater.
Tanks in series versus compartmental model configuration: considering hydrodynamics helps in parameter estimation for an N2O model
Authors: Bellandi Giacomo , De Mulder Chaïm , Van Hoey Stijn , Rehman Usnam , Amerlinck Youri , Guo Lisha , Vanrolleghem Peter A. , Weijers Stefan , Gori Riccardo , Nopens Ingmar
Published: January 2019

The choice of the spatial submodel of a water resource recovery facility (WRRF) model should be one of the primary concerns in WRRF modelling. However, currently used mechanistic models are limited by an over-simplified representation of local conditions. This is illustrated by the general difficulties in calibrating the latest N2O models and the large variability in parameter values reported in the literature. The use of compartmental model (CM) developed on the basis of accurate hydrodynamic studies using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can take into account local conditions and recirculation patterns in the activated sludge tanks that are important with respect to the modelling objective. The conventional tanks in series (TIS) configuration does not allow this. The aim of the present work is to compare the capabilities of two model layouts (CM and TIS) in defining a realistic domain of parameter values representing the same full-scale plant. A model performance evaluation method is proposed to identify the good operational domain of each parameter in the two layouts. Already when evaluating for steady state, the CM was found to provide better defined parameter ranges than TIS. Dynamic simulations further confirmed the CM's capability to work in a more realistic parameter domain, avoiding unnecessary calibration to compensate for flaws in the spatial submodel.
The inhibitory effect of inorganic carbon on phosphate recovery from upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) effluent as calcium phosphate
Authors: Monballiu A. , Desmidt E. , Ghyselbrecht K. , Meesschaert B.
Published: January 2019

After treatment of the wastewater from the potato processing industry in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) the effluent is rich in phosphate and dissolved inorganic carbon (IC). Increasing the pH of the UASB effluent with NaOH to precipitate phosphate as calcium phosphate leads to contamination with magnesium phosphate. Increasing the pH with Ca(OH)2 had a positive effect on phosphate precipitation, but after increasing the pH with Na2CO3 no precipitate was formed. After prior nitrification of the UASB effluent to remove IC, less NaOH was needed to increase the pH and the ions precipitated in a ratio that agreed with calcium phosphate formation. When the pH of the nitrified effluent was increased with Na2CO3 neither calcium nor phosphate precipitated. This inhibitory effect of IC on phosphate precipitation as calcium phosphate could not be derived from the saturation indexes calculated by the geochemical modelling program PHREEQC.
Carbon Nanotubes as A High-Performance Platform for Target Delivery of Anticancer Quinones
Authors: Grushevskaya H.V. , Krylova N.G.
Published: January 2019

Background: In spite of considerable efforts of researchers the cancer deseases remain to be incurable and a percentage of cancer deseases in the structure of mortality increases every year. At that, high systemic toxicity of antitumor drugs hampers their effective use. Because of this fact, the development of nanosystems for targeted delivery of antitumor drugs is one of the leading problem in nanomedicine and nanopharmacy.  Objective: To critically examine the modern strategies for carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-based delivery of anticancer quinones and to summarize the mechanisms which can provide high effectiveness and multifunctionality of the CNT-based quinone delivery platform.  Results: Quinones, including anthracycline antibiotics – doxorubicin and daunorubicin, are among the most prospective group of natural and syntetic compounds which exhibit high antitumor activity against different type of tumors. In this review, we focus on the possibilities of using CNTs for targeted delivery of antitumor compounds with quinoid moiety which is ordinarily characterized by high specific interaction with DNA molecules. Quinones can be non-covalently adsorbed on CNT surface due to their aromatic structure and π-conjugated system of double bonds. The characteristic features of doxorubicine-CNT complex are high loading efficiency, pH-dependent release in acidic tumor microenviroment, enough stability in biological fluid. Different types of CNT functionalization, targeting strategies and designs for multifunctional CNT-based doxorubicine delivery platform are disscussed.  Conclusion: Nanosystems based on functionalized CNTs are very promising platform for quinone delivery resulting in significant enhancement of cancer treatment efficiency. Functionalization of CNTs with the polymeric shell, especially DNA-based shells, can provide the greatest affinity and mimicry with biological structures.
A Survey of the Anti-microbial Properties of Naturally Occurring Prenyloxyphenylpropanoids and Related Compounds
Authors: Fiorito Serena , Epifano Francesco , Taddeo Vito Alessandro , Genovese Salvatore , Preziuso Francesca
Published: January 2019

O-Prenylphenylpropanoids represent a group of rare natural products. During the last
twenty years, such phytochemicals have been revealed to possess a great pharmacological potential.
These compounds have been obtained for the most part from plant species of the Rutaceae, Apiaceae,
and Fabaceae families, as well as from fungi and bacteria. In this review we wish to detail the state of
the art about O-prenylphenylpropanoids having in vitro and in vivo anti-microbial properties from different
points of view. The herein cited natural products are effective in inhibiting the virulence of
human oral pathogens.
Microbial Etiology and Antimicrobial Therapy of Peri-implantitis: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Hussain Muhammad Waqar , Abullais Shahabe Saquib , Naqash Talib Amin , Bhat Mohammad Yunis Saleem
Published: January 2019

Introduction:

Implants have turned out to be a well-established therapy in dental practice for the replacement of missing teeth and restoration of function.

Peri-implant disease denotes the inflammatory condition of surrounding soft and hard tissues.

Two terminologies are covered under the impression of peri-implant pathology; peri-implantitis and mucositis. Peri-implant mucositis is a reversible inflammatory process limited to soft tissues around an implant. Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory condition of hard and soft tissue around the dental implant.

Microbial Etiology:

Bacterial infections are the most common cause of peri-implantitis. It is a variable poly-microbial infection, although generally dominated by Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria Anti-infective therapy should be included in the treatment regime, while treating the peri-implant disease. Antimicrobial therapy includes local debridement, antibiotic therapy and surface decontamination of the implant.

Conclusion:

The current article gives a detailed overview of microbial etiology, antimicrobial therapy and its limitations for the treatment of peri-implant Pathology.
Parotid Gland Edema After Chlorhexidine Mouthrinse: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Berton Federico , Giulia Pipinato , Michele Maglione , Domenico Baldi , Roberto Di Lenarda , Claudio Stacchi
Published: January 2019

Introduction:

Parotid gland swelling, caused by many pathological conditions, has also been reported to be a possible side effect of the use of chlorhexidine mouthwash. This adverse reaction to chlorhexidine mouthwash is, however, extremely rare and very few cases of parotid gland swelling due to chlorhexidine mouthwash have been reported in the literature.

Case Description:

This report describes the clinical management of unilateral parotid swelling caused by chlorhexidine mouthwash.

Methods:

A patient presented with left parotid gland swelling after using chlorhexidine mouthwash for three days following sinus augmentation on the contralateral side of the maxilla. Diagnosis of parotid gland swelling due to rinsing with chlorhexidine was formulated after anamnesis, clinical examination, radiographs and ultrasound of the gland excluded other pathological conditions. The patient was subsequently advised to stop rinsing. However, on the evening of the same day, swelling increased and the patient presented to an emergency department where a single intravenous dose of methylprednisolone was administered.

Results:

After seven days, parotid swelling decreased significantly and after three weeks had completely disappeared.

Conclusion:

Although unilateral or bilateral parotid gland swelling related to the use of chlorhexidine mouthwash is an uncommon adverse event, it must be suspected after other organic or infective conditions have been excluded. The precise pathogenic mechanism has not yet been determined and further studies should be carried out to better understand the pathophysiology of this uncommon phenomenon.
Sanskrit Medical Scholasticism —Jajjaṭa’s Nirantarapadavyākhyā and Other Commentaries on the Carakasaṃhitā, Cikitsāsthāna 2.1—
Authors: Zysk Kenneth G. , Yamashita Tsutomu
Published: January 2019

The Nirantarapadavyākhyā by Jajjaṭa (or Jejjaṭa) is one of the earliest and,therefore, one of the most important commentaries on the Carakasaṃhitā. Thiscommentary is incomplete, but sufficient portions survive to allow a study ofthe earliest form of medical commentary in India. The extant portions of thiscommentary are large sections of the Cikitsāsthāna and part of the Kalpasthānaand Siddhisthāna. The text of Nirantarapadavyākhyā by Jajjaṭa has never beencritically edited. In this paper, we present a text-critical edition and translationof the Nirantarapadavyākhyā on the Carakasaṃhitā, Cikitsāsthāna Chapter 2,Quarter 1 (CaCi 2.1) based on several copies of a lost palm-leaf manuscriptin Malayalam script and the printed edition by Haridatta Śāstrin publishedin 1941. In order to follow the intellectual development of potency-therapy(vājīkaraṇa) in the Sanskrit medical literature, the remaining three extant majorcommentaries are also translated from the existing printed editions. These threecommentaries are Cakrapāṇidatta’s Āyurvedadīpikā in the eleventh century,Gaṅgādhara’s Jalpakalpataru in the mid-nineteenth century, and YogīndranāthSen’s Carakopaskāra in the early-twentieth century.
Constructivism in International Relations: from a theory between positivism and postpositivism to the theory of the world state
Authors: Faraj Anwar Mohamed , Othman Tara Taha
Published: January 2019

Constructivism emerged at the end of the Cold War and entered into IR theories debate by criticizing the rationalists (neo-liberal and neo-realist) on the one hand and critics on the other, accusing them of failing to predict and explain the end of the Cold War. While rationalists focus on material and economic factors, constructivists focus on cultural factors, the influence of ideas, norms and identities on the explanation of processes of interest formation, how to define survival and defining mechanisms of international politics, and emphasize that interest and identity interact through socio-historical processes and constitute each other. Thus, constructivism belongs to the fourth debate in the theoretical study of International Relations and it is one of the post-positivist theories, but it attempts to serve as a bridge between the positivist and post-positivist approaches. For example, if post-positivist theories are criticized, because of suffering from providing a realistic alternative versus of the description and explanation offered by rational theories, constructivism tries to overcome this criticism and it is able to provide the research program required to remove the post-positivist dilemma, by providing the practical hypotheses required by the establishment of a theory to describe and explain the reality of international relations. However, constructivism is not immune from criticism, it is accused that it does not offer anything new and exaggerates the understanding of cultural factors such as norms and identities and their impact on the reality of international relations, as well as its epistemological and methodological problems and its internal divisions between modern constructivists and postmodern constructivists.
The impact of exchange rates on economic growth in Iraq for the period 1995-2015
Authors: Maher Asaad Hamdi
Published: January 2019

The currency is the main engine of the process of trade at the internal and external levels, and the exchange rate is one of the fundamentals of the foreign trade to settle international payments, as the import process to the currency of the country of origin to pay the value of imported goods on the one hand, on the other hand, we find that individuals in the case their travel to another country they need the currency of the country they travel to, and in this case they find themselves in the process of exchange, so that shifting in the exchange rate affect the process of trade and thus on economic growth. Based on the above, the title of the topic, which aims to identify the theoretical framework of exchange rates and economic growth models as well as measuring the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on economic growth in Iraq, has been chosen by formulating a standard model for the period 1995-2015
Formulasi Patch Bukal Minyak Atsiri Daun Sirih (Piper Betle L.) dengan Variasi Kadar CMC-Na dan Karbopol sebagai Polimer Mukoadhesif
Authors: Tiensi Amitia Nice , S. Tri Ratna , Sulaiman T. N. Saifullah
Published: January 2019

Daun sirih (Piper betle L.) mengandung minyak atsiri yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi CMC-Na dan karbopol sebagai polimer mukoadhesif terhadap sifat fisik patch bukal minyak atsiri daun sirih dan uji aktivitas penghambatan bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Minyak atsiri diekstraksi dengan metode destilasi uap air, deteksi senyawa dilakukan dengan GC-MS. Patch dibuat dengan metode solvent casting, dengan variasi kadar  polimer CMC-Na dan karbopol, yaitu:  formula I (80% : 20%), formula II (60% : 40%), formula III (50% : 50%), formula IV (40% : 60%), formula V (20% : 80%). Patch yang diperoleh diuji sifat fisik dan antibakteri. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kelima formula memiliki keseragaman bobot, ketebalan,  folding endurance, swelling index yang baik, dan pH netral. Semakin tinggi kadar CMC-Na, semakin meningkatkan bobot, ketebalan, folding endurance, swelling index, dan aktivitas antibakteri. Formula I memberikan aktivitas antibakteri yang lebih tinggi dari formula lain.
Aktivitas Antiplasmodium dan Sitotoksisitas Isolat Akar Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) secara In Vitro
Authors: Sholikhah Eti Nurwening , Wijayanti Mahardika Agus , Nurani Laela Hayu , Mustofa Mustofa
Published: January 2019

Telah diketahui bahwa fraksi metanol akar pasak bumi mempunyai aktivitas antiplasmodium in vitro yang kuat. Namun belum diketahui isolat yang manakah yang aktif sebagai antiplasmodium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antiplasmodium dan sitotoksisitas 5 isolat yang diisolasi dari fraksi metanol akar pasak bumi. Uji aktivitas antiplasmodium in vitro dilakukan pada kultur P. falciparum strain FCR-3 dan D10, sedangkan uji sitotoksisitas in vitro dilakukan pada kultur sel normal Vero. Aktivitas antiplasmodium dan sitotoksisitas in vitro dinyatakan sebagai IC50 (Inhibitory Concentration 50%) yaitu konsentrasi yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Plasmodium atau sel Vero sebesar 50%. Nilai IC50 ditentukan dengan analisis probit. Selektivitas isolat uji dinyatakan sebagai indeks selektivitas yang merupakan rasio sitotoksisitas (IC50 pada sel normal Vero) dengan aktivitas antiplasmodium in vitro (IC50 pada Plasmodium). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolat 4 dan 5 menunjukkan aktivitas antiplasmodium yang kuat dengan nilai IC50 berturut turut 2,21-19,02 dan 13,54-64,73 μg/mL Rasio sitotoksisitas/aktivitas antiplasmodium menunjukkan bahwa isolat 4 dan 5 juga menunjukkan nilai selektivitas yang tinggi yaitu 11.74-68.75 untuk isolat 4, dan 66.01-316.51 untuk isolat 5. Kesimpulannya, isolat 4 dan 5 mempunyai aktivitas aniplasmodium yang tinggi dengan seletivitas yang tinggi pula.
Validasi Modul “Cakap” untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Sosial Mahasiswa Baru Asal Bali
Authors: Agustini Ni Made Yanthi Ary , Andayani Budi
Published: January 2019

Having low social skills can make individuals experience difficulty adjusting to  a new environment. The purpose of this research is to validate "CAKAP" module to improve social skills. This study used a quantitative approach with the quasi-experimental design of The Untreated Control Group Design with Pretest and Posttest. Social skills scale, observation sheet, and evaluation sheet were adiministrated to 14 freshmen from Bali who joined in Keluarga Mahasiswa Hindu Dharma (KMHD).  The test results of the content validity of the module using Aiken's V shows a value ranging from 0,734-0,861 for each session which means the module has good content validity. Empirical test results showed that there was a difference gained score between experimental group and control group (z = -2,194, p = 0,026, p <0,05). The results show that the module "CAKAP" is valid to improve social skills on freshmen from Bali.
Pelatihan Berpikir Positif untuk Menurunkan Kecemasan Menghadapi Masa Bebas pada Anak di Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak Kutoarjo
Authors: Zulni Lainatussyifa , Koentjoro Koentjoro
Published: January 2019

Anxiety against liberation is a feeling of fear and concern, felt by someone who underwent a period of custody and will undergo a period of free. This anxiety will make a person feeling ostracized, denied his presence, even humiliated or insulted. One of the factor that considered influential in reduction of anxiety against liberation is positive thinking. The purpose of this study was to develops positive thinking training as an alternative to solving anxiety problems facing the anxiety against liberation in children at prison special for children. This experiment conducted with untreated control group design with pretest and posttest design. Quantitative data analysis is done through a mixed ANOVA statistical test to determine the effects of positive thinking training to experimental group between before and after training. The results of this study is positive thinking training can reduce anxiety against liberation on children at prison.
Intervensi Berbasis Mindfulness untuk Menurunkan Stres pada Orang Tua
Authors: Romadhani Rahmantika Kurnia , Hadjam M. Noor Rochman
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this research is to reduce parents’ stress by increasing their mindfulness ability using Mindfulness intervention. Participants in this study consisted of 15 mothers with stress from mild to severe. The design use in this study is quasi experimental design with untreated control group with pretest and postest. The program consists of 8 session intervention. The instruments used in this research are DASS Scale and KIMS scale. Quantitaive analysis was conducted through  statistical test using Mann-Whitney and also qualitative analysist. The result of this study showed that intervention with mindfulness was effective to reduce stress in parents (U=0,000; p<0,001).
Modul “Gen Positif” untuk Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Regulasi Emosi Takut Gagal Siswa Remaja Awal
Authors: Ahmad Astiti Tenriawaru , Alsa Asmadi
Published: January 2019

Early adolescents need adaptation in various aspects including in the process of achievement of academic achievement. The difficulties encountered in achieving goals in the academic field caused early adolescents to develop a fear of failure. Individuals will try to avoid failure by determining their goals far below its potential, feel anxious, and not motivated in learning. This emotion can be a serious problem if it is not regulated in an adaptive way. Therefore early adolescents need knowledge of how to regulate the emotions of fear of failure. This study aims to validate the module "Gen Positif" (GENerasi teramPil mengOlah emoSI dan akTIF berprestasi) and find out how far the increase in knowledge and ability of emotional regulation of fear of failure in early adolescents. The study design used untreated control group designs with dependent pretest and posttest samples. Research participants as many as 12 early adolescents. The analysis of the study was conducted by comparing the scores of emotional regulation knowledge before and after manipulation was given. The results show that the module "Gen Positif" is valid content and empirical.
The Implementation of Gender Mainstreaming in ASEAN
Authors: Alami Athiqah Nur
Published: January 2019

Studies on gender mainstreaming in Southeast Asia, with its diverse socio-political background of its member states, are still under-explored. This paper examines the implementation of gender mainstreaming in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Meanwhile, the region has shown its considerable economic growth and rapid development of human rights issue in the last decades. The study finds that ASEAN has shown its initiatives across different stages of gender mainstreaming. By the adoption of gender mainstreaming concept, ASEAN has made institutionalization of gender issues and also has produced and implemented extensive gender mainstreaming policies. However, there are constraints on each stage, which mostly are about conforming gender equality agenda to organizational mandates as well as lacks of supporting systems such as data, human resources, and funding. Even though this paper agrees on the long-term nature of gender mainstreaming strategy, the implementation of the strategy in ASEAN should be effectively improved and consistently maintained to fulfill the goals of ASEAN Community.
Analyzing Thai Border School Policy Formation in the ASEAN Community Era
Authors: Kaewkumkong Ampa
Published: January 2019

During the 1990s, Thailand’s border areas became more open as a result of improved political relations in the region, especially in regards to the promotion of border trade and transnational trade among Indochinese countries under the“From a Battlefield to a Marketplace” policy. In terms of education development,the nature of border schools in general has been gradually evolving over the past 60 years, and Thai border schools have improved considerably over this period.The first initiative undertaken in regards to border schools in Thailand was the official establishment of the “Border Patrol Police (BPP) School” in 1956. Inmore recent years, education development policy in border areas has repeatedlybeen modified, particularly since Thailand’s agreement to further integrate withother Southeast Asian countries as a part of the ASEAN Community 2015. In 2010, Thailand’s commitment to developing its border schools increased whenit began development of the “Buffer School” program as part of a strategic plan to improve educational institutions under the ASEAN “Spirit of ASEAN” policy.This policy aimed to promote education development and cooperation within the ASEAN through a range of initiatives, including ones pertaining to border areas. This paper thus aims to 1) review the substance of the Buffer School program as it pertains to emerging Thai border school policy in the ASEAN Community era, as well as the structure of its enforcement, then, 2) analyze the background and rationale of policymaking that has occurred from agenda-setting and policy formulation up until policy enactment corresponding to ASEAN frameworks derived from the ASEAN charter and Work Plan on Education.