bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bronchiolitis hospital admission in infancy is associated with later preschool ventilation inhomogeneity
Authors: Sena Carla Rebeca Da Silva , Morten Matthew , Collison Adam M. , Shaar Aida , Andrade Ediane de Queiroz , Meredith Joseph , Kepreotes Elizabeth , Murphy Vanessa E. , Sly Peter D. , Whitehead Bruce , Karmaus Wilfried , Gibson Peter G. , Robinson Paul D. , Mattes Joerg
Published: December 2023

Background

Rhinovirus (RV) positive bronchiolitis episodes in infancy confer a higher risk to develop asthma in later childhood with associated lung function impairments. We aimed to investigate the association between the type of virus causing a bronchiolitis hospitalization episode and lung ventilation inhomogeneities at preschool age.

Methods

Infants hospitalized with a clinical diagnosis of moderate (ward admission) or severe (pediatric intensive care ward admission) bronchiolitis were prospectively followed‐up at preschool age to assess nitrogen (N2) multiple breath washout (MBW). Lung clearance index (LCI), functional residual capacity (FRC), and concentration normalized phase III slope analysis (SnIII) indices were reported from ≥2 technically acceptable trials. Differences between groups were calculated using logistic and linear regression and adjusted for confounders (sex, age at bronchiolitis admission, height at visit, maternal asthma, and doctor‐diagnosed asthma, including interaction terms between the latter three). An interaction term was included in a regression model to test for an interaction between RV bronchiolitis severity and MBW parameters at preschool age.

Results

One hundred and thirty‐nine subjects attended preschool follow‐up, of which 84 out of 103 (82%) performing MBW had technically acceptable data. Children with a history of RV positive bronchiolitis (n = 39) had increased LCI (adjusted β‐coefficient [aβ] = 0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.02–0.65, p = 0.040) and conductive airways ventilation inhomogeneity [Scond] (aβ = 0.016, CI 0.004–0.028, p = 0.011) when compared with those with a RV negative bronchiolitis history (n = 45). In addition, we found a statistical interaction between RV bronchiolitis and bronchiolitis severity strengthening the association with LCI (aβ = 0.93, CI 0.20–1.58, p = 0.006).

Conclusion

Children with a history of hospital admission for RV positive bronchiolitis in infancy might be at a higher risk of lung ventilation inhomogeneities at preschool age, arising from the peripheral conducting airways.
Psychosocial factors affecting the quality of life of parents who have children with home mechanical ventilation
Authors: Ozcan Gizem , Zirek Fazilcan , Tekin Merve Nur , Bayav Secahattin , Bakirarar Batuhan , Duman Berker , Cobanoglu Nazan
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Most children with medical complexity have to live with home mechanical ventilation (HMV). Undertaking the care of a child with HMV creates a psychosocial burden on parents. This study investigated the impact of selected potential determinants on the quality of life of parents who have children with HMV.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey study was conducted using a structured questionnaire to determine the sociodemographic characteristics of the parents. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment‐Brief version, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were applied.

Results

A total of 35 participants responded to the questionnaires. Paired data from mothers and fathers were obtained from 12 families. A moderately significant positive correlation was found between the perceived social support levels of the parents and all domains of the quality of life scale (for the physical domain: r = .455, p = .006; for the psychological domain: r = .549, p = .001; for the social domain: r = .726, p = .000; and for the environment domain: r = .442, p = .008). A moderate negative relationship was found between parents’ perceived social support levels and BDI scores (r = −.557, p = .001). The multivariate regression analysis determined that being a mother, quitting a job to become a caregiver, being the only caregiver at home, and having a neurological/neuromuscular disease as the primary disease of the child were associated with lower scores in more than one quality of life domain.

Conclusion

Our results emphasize that appropriate social support is important for improving the quality of life scores of parents of children with HMV.
Analysis of iron status after initiation of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor in people with cystic fibrosis
Authors: James Amber , Li Galvin , List Rhonda , Lonabaugh Kevin , Smith Aaron D. , Barros Andrew , Somerville Lindsay , Albon Dana
Published: December 2023

Background

Iron deficiency is highly prevalent in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF). While elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) has shown remarkable improvements in respiratory symptoms in PwCF, the effect of ETI on iron status remains unknown. This study aims to identify the effect of ETI on iron status in PwCF.

Methods

A single‐center retrospective cohort study of 127 adult PwCF was conducted to assess the impact of ETI on iron, ferritin, transferrin levels, and percent saturation of transferrin (PSAT). Data were collected from the electronic medical record from January 2017 to September 2022, encompassing 2 years before and after ETI initiation. The primary outcome was serum iron parameters: iron, ferritin, transferrin, and PSAT levels following ETI treatment. Secondary outcomes analyzed iron supplementation. Univariate and multivariate mixed‐effects models were used for the analysis of ETI.

Results

After adjusting for covariates, following ETI initiation, the mean iron level increased by 20.24 μg/dL (p < .001), ferritin levels were 31.4% (p < .001) higher, PSAT showed a 5.09 percentage point increase (p < .001), and transferrin levels increased by 2.71 mg/dL (p = .439). Patients with and without iron supplementation experienced a significant increase in iron after ETI (p < .001).

Conclusions

ETI is associated with a significant increase in iron, ferritin, and PSAT levels. Patients with and without iron supplementation demonstrated a significant increase in iron. This study shows the benefits of ETI on iron status in PwCF. However, further translational studies are required to understand the impact of ETI on iron absorption and metabolism in PwCF.
The airway microbiota in siblings with primary ciliary dyskinesia: Related factors and correlation with clinical characteristics
Authors: Ademhan Tural Dilber , Kasikci Merve , Eryilmaz Polat Sanem , Ozsezen Beste , Hizal Mina , Sunman Birce , Nayir Büyüksahin Halime , Guzelkas Ismail , Altay Ozlem , Dolgun Tugba Yuksel , Emiralioglu Nagehan , Yalcin Ebru , Dogru Deniz , Kiper Nural , Hascelik Gulsen , Diker Kadir Serdar , Ozcelik Ugur
Published: December 2023

Objectives—Aim

We aimed to show the composition and structure of and explore affecting factors on airway microbiota in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) patients using culture‐independent techniques.

Method

A cross‐sectional observational study was performed. We recruited 14 PCD patients (seven pairs of siblings) and nine parents. Bacterial rDNA was extracted from sputum and nasal samples. Sputum samples were also inoculated on suitable bacteriological media.

Results

Thirty‐three separate genera were detected in sputum samples of PCD patients, and 41 were in nasal samples of parents. The detected genera were dominated by phyla Proteobacteria in PCD patients and their parents. Culture‐dependent analyses could not detect many of the bacterial species detected with culture‐independent analyses. There were no significant differences in alpha diversity between the siblings' pairs, and siblings' samples did not cluster together nearly as strongly as nonsiblings' samples. Patients who had no new complaints and no bacterial growth with the culture‐dependent method at the time of study and patients who had no Haemophilus influenzae growth in the previous year had a significantly greater diversity (p < .05). Microbiota communities tended to cluster together by age, pulmonary exacerbation status, the existence of at least one H. influenzae growth with culture‐dependent analyses in the previous year, and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec z and FEF25‐75 z‐scores.

Conclusion

The airway microbiota of patients with PCD have presented more diverse bacterial communities than had been indicated with culture‐dependent methods. The study identifies relationships between bacterial airway microbiota composition and the clinical measures of patients. Sibling pairs have no more community similarities than nonsibling PCD patients. Our results may indicate that the patients' clinical characteristics, which determine the disease severity, might affect the PCD microbiome.
Sore throat as the herald of spontaneous pneumomediastinum
Authors: Cheng Yung‐Sheng , Ho Sheng‐Yuan
Published: December 2023

This report emphasizes the need of investigating spontaneous pneumomediastinum in adolescent patients who have unusual respiratory symptoms by describing a rare case of it in a 16‐year‐old guy. Although the first symptom exhibited resemblance to common respiratory infections, a full physical assessment disclosed important markers, eventually establishing the diagnosis by imaging. Medical workers should consider spontaneous pneumomediastinum as a possible diagnosis, especially when symptoms overlap with those of more common illnesses, as illustrated by this example. Detecting subtle clinical signs, such as the presence of palpable crepitus in the neck area, can greatly aid in the timely and accurate diagnosis of medical disorders, reducing the chances of incorrect diagnoses and ensuring appropriate treatment. Our work significantly contributes to the understanding and awareness of spontaneous pneumomediastinum in pediatric patients, with the ultimate aim of improving patient treatment.
Front Cover Image
Authors: Baker Claire S. , Sands David C. , Nzioki Henry Sila
Published: December 2023

The cover image is based on the Perspective The Toothpick Project: commercialization of a virulence‐selected fungal bioherbicide for Striga hermonthica (witchweed) biocontrol in Kenya by Claire S. Baker et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.7761. Featured: Lillian Makokha.

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Dielectric and Optical Properties of δ‐Bi2O3 Quaternary Semiconducting Solid Solutions
Authors: Ramirez-Dela Cruz Antonio , Bocanegra-Bernal Miguel Humberto , Márquez-Torres Miguel , Venegas-Contreras Estefania , Rojas-George Gabriel , Reyes-Rojas Armando
Published: December 2023

Quaternary compositions of polycrystalline Bi1.74Dy0.14W0.12−xScxO3 (x = 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06) solid solutions are synthesized by the solid‐state reaction method. The 4a site symmetry of the space group occupied by Sc3+ ion retains the cubic fluorite‐type over a wide temperature range (450–700 °C) for low Sc3+ content without losing the δ‐phase. Dielectric and ionic conductivity by complex impedance in the frequency range from 0.1 to 100 kHz suggests a temperature‐ and Sc3+‐dependent relaxation process. The ionic conductivity increases with the Sc3+ content over the whole tested temperature range. An oxygen ion conductivity of 0.102 Scm−1 at 700 °C and an activation energy of 0.32 eV are achieved for x = 0.06. Optical properties and Rietveld refinement indicate a bandgap reduction due to a bond length reduction (Bi—O). These materials have potential in photocatalysis and water‐splitting technology due to their UV and visible region absorption capabilities.
First‐Principles Study on the Effects of Ta Doping and Point Defects of Hi and VO on the Photoelectric Properties of β‐Ga2O3
Authors: Yang Xin‐Ya , Wen Shu‐Min , Chen Ding‐Du , Liu Xia , Zhao Er‐Jun
Published: December 2023

Herein, the photoelectric properties of Ta‐doped β‐Ga2O3 are studied based on first‐principles density functional theory calculation. The effects of interstitial H and O vacancies on the properties of the system are also considered. The electronic structure, dielectric function, absorption spectrum, mobility, and conductivity of all the systems are studied and analyzed. The results show that Ta‐doped β‐Ga2O3 is an n‐type direct‐bandgap semiconductor. With the increase in Ta doping concentration, the dielectric constant, polarization ability, and charge binding ability of the system gradually increase, the bandgap gradually narrows, and the absorption spectra of systems redshift. The main absorption wavelengths of all systems are in the wavelength range of less than 300 nm. Therefore, Ta‐doped β‐Ga2O3 has an ultraviolet detection ability. The introduction of Ta is beneficial to improve the conductivity of the system. Interstitial H can improve the conductivity of the system.
The contribution of European citizen‐led energy initiatives to sustainable development goals
Authors: Schwanitz Valeria Jana , Paudler Heather Arghandeh , Wierling August
Published: December 2023

Energy communities (ECs) are emerging as vital contributors to the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals, despite being unnoticed. This article is the first to comprehensively discuss and quantify European citizen‐led energy initiatives' contributions to SDGs 7 (ensure access to affordable and clean energy), 9 (fostering industry, innovation, and infrastructure), and 11 (promote sustainable cities and communities). With SDG7 at their core, these initiatives prioritize sustainable energy systems, aligning with environmental impact reduction, resource efficiency, and social resilience goals. They contribute to SDG9 in energy and ICT sectors through job creation and social and technological innovation. Promoting SDG11 via inclusive engagement, they reinforce democratic principles and preserve cultural heritage. They can leverage their expertise with policy support to aid SDG implementation and serve as a global exemplar, extending impact to SDGs 12 and 17. Our analysis underscores a disconnect between European support for ECs and broader sustainability agendas, hampering effective impact.
Association analysis of self‐reported outcomes with a validated subset
Authors: Mirzaei Sedigheh , Martínez José M. , Chow Eric J. , Ness Kirsten K. , Hudson Melissa M. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Yasui Yutaka
Published: December 2023

In health‐science research, outcomes ascertained through surveys and interviews are subject to potential bias with respect to the true outcome status, which is only ascertainable with clinical and laboratory assessment. This measurement error may lead to biased inference when evaluating associations between exposures and outcomes of interest. Here, we consider a cohort study in which the outcome of interest is ascertained via questionnaire, subject to imperfect ascertainment, but where a subset of participants also have a clinically assessed, validated outcome available. This presents a methodological opportunity to address potential bias. Specifically, we constructed the likelihood in two parts, one using the validated subset and the other using a subset without validation. This work expands on that proposed by Pepe and enables inference with standard statistical software. Weighted generalized linear model estimates for our method and maximum likelihood estimates (MLE) for Pepe's method were computed, and the statistical inference was based on the standard large‐sample likelihood theory. We compare the finite sample performance of two approaches through Monte Carlo simulations. This methodological work was motivated by a large cohort study of long‐term childhood cancer survivors, allowing us to provide a relevant application example where we examined the association between clinical factors and chronic health conditions.
A Visual, In‐Expensive, and Wireless Capillary Rheometer for Characterizing Wholly‐Cellular Bioinks
Authors: Du Jianyi , Lee Stacey , Sinha Soham , Solberg Fredrik S. , Ho Debbie L. L. , Sampson Joshua P. , Wang Qiuling , Tam Tony , Skylar‐Scott Mark A.
Published: December 2023

Rheological measurements with in situ visualization can elucidate the microstructural origin of complex flow behaviors of an ink. However, existing commercial rheometers suffer from high costs, the need for dedicated facilities for microfabrication, a lack of design flexibility, and cabling that complicates operation in sterile or enclosed environments. To address these limitations, a low‐cost ($300) visual, in‐expensive and wireless rheometer (VIEWR) using 3D‐printed and off‐the‐shelf components is presented. VIEWR measurements are validated by steady‐state and transient flow responses for different complex fluids, and microstructural flow profiles and evolution of yield‐planes are revealed via particle image velocimetry. Using the VIEWR, a wholly‐cellular bioink system comprised of compacted cell aggregates is characterized, and complex yield‐stress and viscoelastic responses are captured via concomitantly visualizing the spatiotemporal evolution of aggregate morphology. A symmetric hyperbolic extensional‐flow geometry is further constructed inside a capillary tube using digital light processing. Such geometries allow for measuring the extensional viscosity at varying deformation rates and further visualizing the alignment and stretching of aggregates under external flow. Synchronized but asymmetric evolution of aggregate orientation and strain through the neck is visualized. Using varying geometries, the jamming and viscoelastic deformation of aggregates are shown to contribute to the extensional viscosity of the wholly‐cellular bioinks.
Construction of Medusa‐Like Adhesive Carbon Nanotube Array Induced by Deformation of Alumina Sheets
Authors: Zhang Kai , Chen Kebei , Di Jiangtao , Gong Wenbin , Li Zhuo , Zhang Jin , Yao Yagang
Published: December 2023

To change the binary structure of nanotube and nanotube array in vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays, this work deposits regularly arranged amorphous alumina sheets on the classical array growth catalyst (10 nm‐thick alumina and 2 nm‐thick iron) and obtains an array similar to the Medusa head. Subsequent experiments revealed that these alumina sheets show both unstable and stable qualities during growth: unstable in that they thermally deform and change their newly discovered characteristics of blocking carbon source diffusion, which regulates the nanotube growth order in specific areas; stable in that they withstand the deformation caused by heat and sequential growth of nanotubes, serving as a substrate and buffer layer for Medusa's hair, i.e., nanotube bundles on the array surface. Their combination splits this binary structure into a tertiary architecture consisting of nanotubes, nanotube bundles, and the array spanning nano‐, micro‐, and milli‐meter. Benefiting from this structure, this array exhibits a unique near‐isotropic adhesion characteristic compared to existing reports and outperforms classical and patterned arrays with the same classical catalyst and growth conditions.
Programmable Gravity Self‐Driven Microfluidic Chip for Point‐of‐Care Multiplied Immunoassays
Authors: Yuan Huijuan , Wan Chao , Wang Xin , Li Shunji , Xie Han , Qian Chungen , Du Wei , Feng Xiaojun , Li Yiwei , Chen Peng , Liu Bi‐Feng
Published: December 2023

Point‐of‐care testing (POCT) is experiencing a groundbreaking transformation with microfluidic chips, which offer precise fluid control and manipulation at the microscale. Nevertheless, chip design or operation for existing platforms is rather cumbersome, with some even heavily depending on external drivers or devices, impeding their broader utilization. This study develops a unique programmable gravity self‐driven microfluidic chip (PGSMC) capable of simultaneous multi‐reagent sequential release, multi‐target analysis, and multi‐chip operation. All necessary reagents are introduced in a single step, and the process is initiated simply by flipping the PGSMC vertically, eliminating the need for additional steps or devices. Additionally, it demonstrates successful immunoassays in less than 60 min for antinuclear antibodies testing, compared to more than 120 min by traditional methods. Assessment using 25 clinically diagnosed cases showcases remarkable sensitivity (96%), specificity (100%), and accuracy (99%). These outcomes underscored its potential as a promising platform for POCT with high accuracy, speed, and reliability, highlighting its capability for automated fluid control.
Somatosensory Electro‐Thermal Actuator through the Laser‐Induced Graphene Technology
Authors: Wang Hao , Li Xuyang , Wang Xiaoyue , Qin Yong , Pan Yang , Guo Xiaogang
Published: December 2023

The biological system realizes the unity of action and perception through the muscle tissue and nervous system. Correspondingly, artificial soft actuators realize the unity of sensing and actuating functions in a single functional material, which will have tremendous potential for developing intelligent and bionic soft robotics. This paper reports the design of a laser‐induced graphene (LIG) electrothermal actuator with self‐sensing capability. LIG, a functional material formed by a one‐step direct‐write lasing procedure under ambient air, is used as electrothermal conversion materials and piezoresistive sensing materials. By transferring LIG to a flexible silicone substrate, the design ability of the LIG‐based actuator unit is enriched, along with an effectively improved sensing sensitivity. Through the integration of different types of well‐designed LIG‐based actuator units, the transformations from multidimensional precursors to 2D and 3D structures are realized. According to the piezoresistive effect of the LIG units during the deformation process, the visual synchronous deformation state feedback of the LIG‐based actuator is proposed. The multimodal crawling soft robotics and the switchable electromagnetic shielding cloak serve as the demonstrations of the self‐sensing LIG‐based actuator, showing the advantage of the design in remote control of the soft robot without relying on the assistance of visual devices.
Ti‐Modified Imogolite Nanotubes as Promising Photocatalyst 1D Nanostructures for H2 Production
Authors: Jimenéz‐Calvo Pablo , Naciri Yassine , Sobolewska Anna , Isaacs Mark , Zhang Yu , Leforestier Amélie , Degrouard Jéril , Rouzière Stéphan , Goldmann Claire , Vantelon Delphine , Hettler Simon , Zaluzec Nestor J. , Arenal Raul , Launois Pascale , Ghazzal Mohamed Nawfal , Paineau Erwan
Published: December 2023

Imogolite nanotubes (INTs) are predicted as a unique 1D material with spatial separation of conduction and valence band edges but their large band gaps have inhibited their use as photocatalysts. The first step toward using these NTs in photocatalysis and exploiting the polarization‐promoted charge separation across their walls is to reduce their band gap. Here, the modification of double‐walled aluminogermanate INTs by incorporation of titanium into the NT walls is explored. The precursor ratio x = [Ti]/([Ge]+[Ti]) is modulated between 0 and 1. Structural and optical properties are determined at different scales and the photocatalytic performance is evaluated for H2 production. Although the incorporation of Ti atoms into the structure remains limited, the optimal condition is found around x = 0.4 for which the resulting NTs reveal a remarkable hydrogen production of ≈1500 µmol g−1 after 5 h for a noble metal‐free photocatalyst, a 65‐fold increase relative to a commercial TiO2‐P25. This is correlated to a lowering of the recombination rate of photogenerated charge carriers for the most active structures. These results confirm the theoretical predictions regarding the potential of modified INTs as photoactive nanoreactors and pave the way for investigating and exploiting their polarization properties for energy applications.
Comprehensive analyses and experimental verification of NETs and an EMT gene signature for prognostic prediction, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Jing , Wang Chaochen , Yu Yaqun
Published: December 2023

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is an aggressive malignancy with high mortality and poor prognosis. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) significantly influence on the progression of various cancers. However, the underlying relevance of NETs‐ and EMT‐associated genes on the outcomes of patients with PAAD remains to be elucidated. Transcriptome RNA sequencing data, together with clinical information and single‐cell sequencing data of PAAD were collected from public databases. In the TCGA‐PAAD cohort, ssGSEA was used to calculate NET and EMT scores. WGCNA was used to determine the key gene modules. A risk model with eight NET‐ and EMT‐related genes (NERGs) was established using LASSO and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Patients in the reduced risk (RR) group showed better prognostic values compared with those in the elevated risk (ER) group. The prognostic model exhibited reliable and robust prediction when validated using an external database. The distributions of risk genes were explored in a single‐cell sequencing data set. Immune infiltration, immune cycle, and immune checkpoints were compared between the RR and ER groups. Moreover, potential chemotherapeutic drugs were examined. DCBLD2 was identified as a key gene in PAAD cell lines by qRT‐PCR, and was highly expressed in PAAD tissues. GSEA demonstrated that DCBLD2 induced the EMT. Transwell assays and western blotting showed that cell invasion and EMT induction were significantly reduced after DCBLD2 knockdown. Collectively, we constructed a prognosis model based on a NET and EMT gene signature, providing a valuable perspective for the prognostic evaluation and management of PAAD patient.
The Cheeger cut and Cheeger problem in metric measure spaces
Authors: Mazón José M.
Published: December 2023

In this paper we study the Cheeger cut and Cheeger problem in the general framework of metric measure spaces. A central motivation for developing our results has been the desire to unify the assumptions and methods employed in various specific spaces, such as Riemannian manifolds, Heisenberg groups, graphs, etc. We obtain two characterization of the Cheeger constant: a variational one and another one through the eigenvalue of the 1-Laplacian. We obtain a Cheeger inequality along the lines of the classical one for Riemannian manifolds obtained by Cheeger in (In: Gunning RC (ed) Problems in analysis. Princeton University Press, Princeton, pp 195–199, 1970). We also study the Cheeger problem. Through a variational characterization of the Cheeger sets we prove the existence of Cheeger sets and obtain a characterization of the calibrable sets and a version of the Max Flow Min Cut Theorem.
Capacitive spectroscopy as transduction mechanism for wearable biosensors: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Díaz-Fernández Ana , de-los-Santos-Álvarez Noemí , Lobo-Castañón María Jesús
Published: December 2023

Wearable sensors would revolutionize healthcare and personalized medicine by providing individuals with continuous and real-time data about their bodies and environments. Their integration into everyday life has the potential to enhance well-being, improve healthcare outcomes, and offer new opportunities for research. Capacitive sensors technology has great potential to enrich wearable devices, extending their use to more accurate physiological indicators. On the basis of capacitive sensors developed so far to monitor physical parameters, and taking into account the advances in capacitive biosensors, this work discusses the benefits of this type of transduction to design wearables for the monitoring of biomolecules. Moreover, it provides insights into the challenges that must be overcome to take advantage of capacitive transduction in wearable sensors for health.

Graphical abstract
Lophelia reefs off North and West Africa–Comparing environment and health
Authors: Buhl-Mortensen L. , Houssa R. , M’bengue B. , Nyadjro E. S. , Cervantes D. , Idrissi M. , Mahu E. , Dia A. S. , Olsen M. , Mas C. , Chierici M.
Published: December 2023

The health status of cold-water coral reefs on the West African coast was investigated with the main objective of obtaining knowledge of the adaptive capacity ofLophelia pertusato environmental stressors. Three coral sites were studied, in Northern Morocco, in the Morocco/Mauritania region (both in 2020) and, in the Ghana and Ivory coast region (visited in 2012, 2017, and 2019). Area cover of live colonies, explored through underwater videos, was used as an indicator of reef health and compared with the environmental variables: reef position, depth, water mass, temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration (DO), carbonate chemistry (pH, aragonite saturation (ΩAr), macronutrients and particles (visual). For a broader picture of the adaptations presented byLopheliaour results were compared with reefs in contrasting environments. Off Ghana and Mauritania healthy reefs (i.e., having areas with more than 20 % cover of live colonies) were found to reside at DO concentrations between 1.1 and 1.6 ml L−1, in corrosive waters (pH 7.7 and ΩAr 1.0) with high nutrient concentrations. By contrast, the reefs off the North of Morocco, sitting in well-oxygenated waters with oversaturated ΩAr, had no or few live colonies. Our findings together with data from other studies show thatLopheliahas a wide tolerance to hypoxia and acidification, and that in relation to climate change increased temperature and silting could pose more serious threats. These findings highlight the importance of continued studies ofLopheliareefs in contrasting environmental conditions to better understand their adaptation potential to climate change-related stressors.
Quality of Life in the Danish Fontan Population is Unchanged Over the Past Decade—A Nationwide Longitudinal Study
Authors: Ravndal Maren , Kelly Benjamin , Ekholm Ola , Andersen Helle , Nielsen Dorte Guldbrand , Idorn Lars , Hjortdal Vibeke
Published: December 2023

Knowledge about health-related quality of life (HRQoL) over time in Fontan patients is sparse. We aimed to describe HRQoL over a ten-year period in a population-based Fontan cohort. Further, we compared HRQoL in Fontan patients with the general population. In 2011, Danish Fontan patients were invited to participate in a nationwide study assessing HRQoL. Depending on age, 152 participants filled out either the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory or the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey. After a decade, patients from the initial study were invited to participate in a follow-up study. All were given the same questionnaire as in the first study, plus the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) as part of the Danish National Health Survey. HRQoL over time was described, and SF-12 scores were compared with the general population. A total of 109 Fontan patients completed the questionnaires in both studies. The mean patient age was 14.9 ± 6.6 years and 25.6 ± 6.5 years respectively. Despite an increase in complications, HRQoL did not decrease during the study period. Physical HRQoL scores were lower than mental HRQoL scores at both time points. The SF-12 physical component score was significantly lower in Fontan patients than in the general population (median score 52 vs. 56, p < 0.001), while the SF-12 mental component score was comparable (median score 51 vs. 50, p = 0.019). HRQoL remained stable over a ten-year period in a contemporary Danish Fontan cohort. Still, the physical HRQoL remained significantly lower than that of the general population.
Analysis of non-ventriculoperitoneal shunts at Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital
Authors: De John B. G. , Figaji A. A. , Enslin J. M. N.
Published: December 2023

Background

At Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital (RCCH), it is the preferred practice to use non-ventriculoperitoneal (non-VP) shunts when the peritoneum is ineffective or contraindicated for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion and when endoscopy is not an option. The objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical course of patients having undergone these procedures.

Method

A single-centre retrospective review at RCCH wherein 43 children with a total of 59 episodes of non-VP shunt placement over a 12-year period were identified for inclusion.

Results

Twenty-five ventriculoatrial (VA) and 32 ventriculopleural (VPL) shunts were analysed with a median age at insertion of 2.9 (0.3–14.9) and 5.3 years (0.5–13.4), respectively. The median number of previous shunt procedures prior to VA or VPL shunt insertion was 6.0 (2–28) versus 4.5 (2–17), respectively. Three VA (12.0%) and three VPL (9.4%) shunt patients were lost to follow-up. Of those remaining, 10 VA shunts (45.5%) compared to 19 (65,5%) VPL shunts required revision. One ventriculovesical shunt and one ventriculocholecystic shunt were placed in the same patient after 21 and 25 shunt-related procedures, respectively, and both were revised within 3 weeks of insertion. Median shunt survival was 8 months longer for the VA compared to the VPL shunts, being 13.5 (0–67) and 5 months (0–118), respectively. Complications for VA shunts were low, with the overall shunt sepsis rate in the VA group at 4% (n = 1) compared to 15.6% (n = 5) in the VPL group.

Conclusion

Our findings support that VA and VPL shunts are acceptable second-line options in an already compromised group of patients where safe treatment options are limited, provided attention is paid to the technical details specific to their placement.
Impact of dairy fat manipulation on endothelial function and lipid regulation in human aortic endothelial cells exposed to human plasma samples: an in vitro investigation from the RESET study
Authors: Markey Oonagh , Garcimartín Alba , Vasilopoulou Dafni , Kliem Kirsty E. , Fagan Colette C. , Humphries David J. , Todd Susan , Givens David I. , Lovegrove Julie A. , Jackson Kim G.
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Longer-term intake of fatty acid (FA)-modified dairy products (SFA-reduced, MUFA-enriched) was reported to attenuate postprandial endothelial function in humans, relative to conventional (control) dairy. Thus, we performed an in vitro study in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) to investigate mechanisms underlying the effects observed in vivo.

Methods

This sub-study was conducted within the framework of the RESET study, a 12-week randomised controlled crossover trial with FA-modified and control dairy diets. HAEC were incubated for 24 h with post-intervention plasma samples from eleven adults (age: 57.5 ± 6.0 years; BMI: 25.7 ± 2.7 kg/m2) at moderate cardiovascular disease risk following representative sequential mixed meals. Markers of endothelial function and lipid regulation were assessed.

Results

Relative to control, HAEC incubation with plasma following the FA-modified treatment increased postprandial NOx production (P-interaction = 0.019), yet up-regulated relative E-selectin mRNA gene expression (P-interaction = 0.011). There was no impact on other genes measured.

Conclusion

Incubation of HAEC with human plasma collected after longer-term dairy fat manipulation had a beneficial impact on postprandial NOx production. Further ex vivo research is needed to understand the impact of partial replacement of SFA with unsaturated fatty acids in dairy foods on pathways involved in endothelial function.
Hoffa fractures are associated with concomitant soft tissue injures and a high postoperative complication rate
Authors: Neumann-Langen M. V. , Eggeling L. , Glaab R. , von Rehlingen-Prinz F. , Kösters C. , Herbst E.
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Hoffa fractures are a rare and often overlooked entity. The main goal of surgical treatment is to restore the articular surface and maintain knee function. However, current clinical data indicate heterogeneous outcomes. The aim of this multicenter study was to obtain a representative data set of patients with isolated Hoffa fractures with special emphasis on concomitant soft tissue injuries, diagnostic algorithms, treatment strategies and functional outcomes.

Materials and methods

Participating Level I trauma centres were asked to review their internal database for isolated Hoffa fractures treated surgically between 2010 and 2020. Demographics, mechanism of injury, diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm, Letenneur classification, concomitant soft tissue injuries, and postoperative knee function and complications were analysed.

Results

A total of 56 patients from six participating trauma centres were included. The median age at injury was 45 years (15–94) with a median follow-up of 19 months (2–108). The most common mechanism of injury was high-energy trauma, with unicondylar lateral Letenneur type I and II fractures being the most common. Surgical treatment was independent of the type of fracture and included isolated screw fixation, combined plate and screw fixation and isolated plate osteosynthesis. Isolated screw fixation resulted in significantly better range of motion (ROM) values (p = 0.032), but the highest number of postoperative complications (n = 14/20, n.s.) compared to the other fixation techniques. The highest number of fixation failures requiring revision was observed in the plate and screw fixation group (n = 3/8, p = 0.008). Osteochondral flake fractures (n = 12/43, 27%) and lateral meniscus injuries (n = 5/49, 10%) were commonly seen in Hoffa fractures.

Conclusions

Treatment of Hoffa fractures with screw fixation resulted in significantly better functional outcomes, probably due to less comminuted fractures. Concomitant cartilage, meniscal and ligamentous injuries are common and warrant preoperative recognition and management.
Routine outcomes and evaluation of an 8-week outpatient multidisciplinary rehabilitative therapy program for functional neurological disorder
Authors: Guy Lisette , Caceres Gabriella A. , Jackson Temeika , Gorman Sean , Wilson Jennifer , Hsieh Yvonne , Petty Demelza , Harrison Simon , Pick Susannah
Published: December 2023

Objectives

We report routinely collected outcome data from an 8-week outpatient rehabilitative therapy program. The aims of the intervention were to (1) reduce symptom severity and (2) improve functional mobility in adults with functional neurological disorder (FND).

Methods

The program delivered individual physiotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and self-management sessions, group physiotherapy, and psychoeducation. Outcome measures included the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS), 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT), Timed Up and Go (TUG), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Data were analyzed retrospectively in accordance with routine service evaluation. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests assessed changes in outcomes between weeks 1 and 8 for all patients completing treatment (n = 45). For patients who attended the 3-month follow-up (n = 31), Friedman’s ANOVA assessed overall change in outcomes over time. Post hoc Wilcoxon signed-rank tests compared pairs of time-points (Weeks 1, 8, and 3-month follow-up).

Results

Analyses of patients completing the program revealed significant improvements in scores between week 1 and week 8. Excluding the BBS, there were statistically significant improvements in all outcomes between weeks 1 and 8 and between weeks 1 and 3-month follow-up.

Discussion

This outpatient therapy program provided effective treatment for FND. Patients reported reduced anxiety, depression, and functional impairment, as well as improved performance on most physiotherapy measures.
Cellular heterogeneity in red and melanized focal muscle changes in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) visualized by spatial transcriptomics
Authors: Bjørgen H. , Malik S. , Rimstad E. , Vaadal M. , Nyman I. B. , Koppang E. O. , Tengs T.
Published: December 2023

Spatial transcriptomics is a technique that provides insight into gene expression profiles in tissue sections while retaining structural information. We have employed this method to study the pathological conditions related to red and melanized focal changes in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Our findings support a model where similar molecular mechanisms are involved in both red and melanized filet discolorations and genes associated with several relevant pathways show distinct expression patterns in both sample types. Interestingly, there appears to be significant cellular heterogeneity in the foci investigated when looking at gene expression patterns. Some of the genes that show differential spatial expression are involved in cellular processes such as hypoxia and immune responses, providing new insight into the nature of muscle melanization in Atlantic salmon.
Benefits of an accelerated climatotherapy programme for busy people: comparisons according to area and season
Authors: Kanayama Hitomi , Kusaka Yukinori , Inoue Hiroyuki , Hirai Takayoshi , Agishi Yuko , Schuh Angela
Published: December 2023

An accelerated climatotherapy programme was evaluated for use with busy people in mid-mountain and flat lowland areas. A total of 43 urban residents participated in this climatotherapy programme. Participants’ blood pressure, pulse rate, peripheral skin temperature and levels of salivary amylase, salivary cortisol and blood lactate were measured, and they completed the Profile of Mood Status questionnaire. In the mid-mountain area, which had a cooler environment and long uphill paths, participants’ percentage of maximum pulse rate (70.01%) to estimated maximum heart rate was higher than that (59.67%) of participants in the flat lowland area, suggesting that the mid-mountain area was suitable for endurance training. At both sites, the decrease in peripheral skin temperature during the climatic terrain cure suggested that our programme was properly implemented with a cool body surface in accordance with our purpose. Negative moods improved quickly, suggesting that the forest environment and the fresh-air rest cure may have relaxed participants. In late spring and early autumn, the mood of approximately 25% of participants improved to an Iceberg profile, which is associated with positive mental states and athletic peak performance, after climatotherapy. On the other hand, the weather in early spring and late autumn was more likely to facilitate maintenance of a cool body surface during the climatic terrain cure. With the support of individualized feedback provided after the climatotherapy sessions, three participants developed regular exercise habits, serving as a good example of the effectiveness of our climatotherapy programme to elicit behavioural change.
Evaluation of precipitation reanalysis products for regional hydrological modelling in the Yellow River Basin
Authors: Jiang Cong , Parteli Eric J. R. , Xia Qian , Shao Yaping
Published: December 2023

This study evaluates six precipitation reanalysis products for the Yellow River Basin using gridded rain gauge data, runoff data and the Atmospheric and Hydrological Modelling System (AHMS) simulations. The assessment begins with comparing the annual, seasonal, monthly and daily precipitation of the products with gridded rain gauge data. The AHMS is then run with each of the precipitation reanalysis products under two scenarios: one with calibrated rainfall-runoff and the other without. The simulated streamflow is then compared with the corresponding observations. It is found that non-gauge-corrected products tend to overestimate precipitation, especially for mountainous regions. Amongst the six products evaluated, the China Meteorological Forcing Dataset (CMFD) and WATCH Forcing Data methodology applied to ERA5 (WFDE5/CRU+GPCC) are identified as the most accurate products, supported by both statistical and hydrological comparisons. This consistency in statistical and hydrological comparisons suggests the potential applicability of the hydrological comparison method using the AHMS in ungagged catchments, even in the presence of significant anthropogenic impacts. Furthermore, the calibration of the hydrological model significantly impacts the model’s response to precipitation, effectively compensating for deficiencies in rainfall data within certain limits. This study highlights accurate representation of extreme rainfall events in precipitation products has a significant impact on calibrated soil parameters and is particularly important in hydrological modelling. It enhances our understanding of the reliability of hydrological simulations and provides valuable insights for the assessment of precipitation reanalysis products in large arid and semiarid basins affected by human activities.
Objective assessment of the effects of opicapone in Parkinson’s disease through kinematic analysis
Authors: Bologna Matteo , Guerra Andrea , Colella Donato , Birreci Daniele , Costa Davide , Cannavacciuolo Antonio , Angelini Luca , Paparella Giulia , Antonini Angelo , Berardelli Alfredo , Fabbrini Giovanni
Published: December 2023

Background

Opicapone (OPC) is a third-generation, selective peripheral COMT inhibitor that improves peripheral L-DOPA bioavailability and reduces OFF time and end-of-dose motor fluctuations in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients.

Objectives

In this study, we objectively assessed the effects of adding OPC to L-DOPA on bradykinesia in PD through kinematic analysis of finger movements.

Methods

We enrolled 20 treated patients with PD and motor fluctuations. Patients underwent two experimental sessions (L-DOPA, L-DOPA + OPC), separated by at least 1 week. In each session, patients were clinically evaluated and underwent kinematic movement analysis of repetitive finger movements at four time points: (i) before their usual morning dose of L-DOPA (T0), (ii) 30 min (T1), (iii) 1 h and 30 min (T2), and (iv) 3 h and 30 min after the L-DOPA intake (T3).

Results

Movement velocity and amplitude of finger movements were higher in PD patients during the session with OPC compared to the session without OPC at all the time points tested. Importantly, the variability of finger movement velocity and amplitude across T0–T3 was significantly lower in the L-DOPA + OPC than L-DOPA session.

Conclusions

This study is the first objective assessment of the effects of adding OPC to L-DOPA on bradykinesia in patients with PD and motor fluctuations. OPC, in addition to the standard dopaminergic therapy, leads to significant improvements in bradykinesia during clinically relevant periods associated with peripheral L-DOPA dynamics, i.e., the OFF state in the morning, delayed-ON, and wearing-OFF periods.
Splitting type results for pseudoconvex domains and remarks on their Nebenhülle
Authors: Lewandowski Arkadiusz
Published: December 2023

We give a very general splitting type theorem for biholomorphic maps close to identity in the context of smoothly bounded pseudoconvex domains (Theorem 1.4). As a particular case, in the context of worm domains, we essentially reprove the splitting type result (Theorem 1.3) from Bracci et al. (Math Z 292:879–893, 2019) (by a different method). We also discuss some properties of the Nebenhülle of worm domains.
Motives for becoming a teacher in times of digital change: Development and validation of the (D)FIT-Choice scale
Authors: Martínez-Moreno Judit , Petko Dominik
Published: December 2023

This research paper introduces the (D)FIT-Choice (Digital Factors Influencing Teacher Choice) scale and discusses the outcomes of its initial implementation. The (D)FIT-Choice scale expands upon the existing FIT-Choice scale by incorporating additional subscales, namely “Prior digital technology use in education” within Socialization Influences, “Perceived digital teaching competence” within Self-perceptions, and “Contribute to the digital transformation” within Social Utility Value. “Intrinsic value subject” has also been incorporated within Intrinsic Value, and other items have been improved. By administering the (D)FIT-Choice scale to a sample of 506 student teachers, its validity and reliability as an assessment tool were established. The results indicate that digital factors are not prominent drivers for individuals choosing to pursue a career in teaching. Instead, higher levels of digital motivation are associated with the practical benefits of the job rather than with teaching-related intentions. These findings hold implications for teacher training, emphasizing the importance of understanding student teachers’ motivations concerning digital technology and adequately preparing future educators for the present and future digital educational landscape.