bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of intraoperative Magnesium Sulfate Infusion on emergency agitation during General Anesthesia in patients undergoing Radical Mastectomy: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Su Yan-hong , Luo De-cai , Pang Yong
Published: May 2023

BackgroundEmergency agitation is a common postoperative complication in patients under general anesthesia, which can lead to unpredictable damages such as shedding of drainage tube and bleeding from the wound. The purpose of the study is to investigate whether intraoperative infusion of Magnesium Sulfate reduces the incidence of emergency agitation (EA) in patients undergoing radical mastectomy, and to evaluate its safety and efficacy.MethodsA total of 70 patients were randomly assigned to two groups: the Magnesium group (M group) and the control group (C group). After a routine intravenous anesthetic induction, patients in the M group received a 30mg/kg bolus of intravenous magnesium during the first hour and then a continuous infusion of 10mg/kg ×h until the end of the surgery, patients in the C group received 0.9% saline at the same volume and rate. The sedation-agitation scale (SAS) and the visual analogue scale were used to assess agitation and pain, respectively.ResultsCompared to the C group, the M group reduced the incidence of EA significantly (odds ratio 0.26, 95% confidence interval 0.09–0.71, P = 0.009). The postoperative pain scores of the two groups were comparable. Additionally, the M group required a lower dosage of remifentanil during surgery compared to the C group(300.4 ± 84 versus 559.3 ± 184µg, respectively, P<0.001).Conclusionsthe administration of intraoperative magnesium sulfate infusion is a safe and effective method for reducing the incidence of emergency agitation in patients undergoing radical mastectomy.Trail registration:The study was registered in Chictr.org with the identifier: ChiCTR2300070595 on 18/04/2023.
Teres lift-up technique: A case-control study for an alternative route for laparoscopic entry in gynecologic and oncologic surgery
Authors: Afsar Selim , Usta Ceyda Sancaklı , Usta Akın , Lafcı Duygu , Gunay Izel , Karabudak Can Berk
Published: May 2023

Objective
Laparoscopic surgery is the favored method for the surgical treatment of gynecologic diseases and malignancies. We havedefined an anatomic landmark-based, easy-to-perform, novel opening laparoscopic-entry technique named the ligamentum teres lift-up technique (TLU) that can be used in obese or normal-weight patients to tackle the risks of the closed laparoscopic entry technique, namely, Veress needle entry (VNE).
Study Design
In this case-control study, the patients were randomly allocated to either the TLU group (n = 36) or the VNE group (n = 36) in a 1:1 ratio. The patients were tiered according to their BMI as follows: BMI between 20-25 (average weight), 25-30 (overweight), 30-35 (class I obesity), and 35-40 (class II obesity). Both laparoscopic access techniques were compared according to the entry time, vascular or visceral injuries, insufflation failures, trocar-related complications, and omental damage.
Results
The TLU group had a considerably shorter entry time than the VNE group (74,43±21,45 sec versus 192,73±37,93 sec; p <.001). Only one failed insufflation occurred in the VNE group (p =.32); however, that patient was successfully insufflated with the TLU technique. Only one intestinal injury was seen in the VNE group, encountered during trocar site closure (p =.32). The subgroup analyses of the TLU and VNE groups based on BMI tiers revealed a continuation of the statistical significance of entry time between BMI-matched groups.
Conclusion
The current study proves that the novel TLU technique provides an alternative, validated, and rapid access to the abdominal cavity in normal-weight and obese patients. This new approach offers an easy-to-teach and easy-to-perform technique for surgical mentors and residents in gynecologic and oncologic surgeries.
Valorization of Capsicum annuum seed extract as an antifungal against Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Hajji-Hedfi Lobna , Rhouma Abdelhak , Al-Judaibi Awatif A. , Hajlaoui Hichem , Hajlaoui Fedi , Abdel-Azeem Ahmed M
Published: May 2023

Botrytis cinerea Pers., the causal agent of gray mold, is an airborne pathogen that causes significant damage to tomato crops worldwide at all development stages and post-harvest. In this study, the aqueous extract of Capsicum annuum seeds was screened for its phytochemical constituents and assessed at various concentrations (10, 20, 30, and 60%) for antifungal activity in vitro. Selected biochemical, pathological, agronomical, physicochemical, and morphometrical traits were investigated to determine the effectiveness of applying the aqueous seed extract and salicylic acid either separately or in combination to tomato seeds and fruits in vivo. Phytochemical screening of the aqueous seed extract showed the presence of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, phenolic and flavonoid contents, quinic acid, protocatechuic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, trans-ferulic acid, rutin, quercetin-3-o-rhamonosic, kaempferol, naringenin, and apigenin at various concentrations. The findings suggested that the aqueous extract at a concentration of 60% was most efficient in vitro where mycelial growth was < 3.8 mm, mycelial growth inhibition was > 52%, and mycelial growth rate of < 1.05 mm/h. In vivo, the combined treatments of tomato seeds produced the greatest reduction in gray mold damage (disease severity index 8.67%) and the most favorable growth parameters of seedlings were chlorophyll a > 1.50 mg/g.f.Wt.; chlorophyll b > 1.76 mg/g.f. Wt.; total chlorophyll content > 3.26 mg/g.f.Wt.; seedling fresh weight > 0.43 g; seedling length > 12.43 cm, respectively. Combined preventive treatment applied to tomato fruits inoculated with B. cinerea resulted in the lowest disease severity (percentage of fruit area covered by gray mold < 33.33%; disease severity index < 46.67%) and the most favorable physicochemical attributes (water content < 98.28%; juice yield > 53.35%; pH < 3.59; titratable acidity > 1.37 g/10 ml juice; Brix degree > 4.73; nitrate content < 383.33 mg/kg; electrical conductivity < 2.47 mS/cm) and morphometrical attributes (fruit firmness > 3.03). The combined treatments resulted in the strongest activity of peroxidase (> 4.162 units/mg/min), ascorbate peroxidase (> 31.66 µmol/mg/min), and malondialdehyde (> 3.90 µmol/g) on the tomato fruits. The aqueous extract of C. annuum seeds combined with salicylic acid had positive effects in terms of inhibiting B. cinerea and is thus a promising and environmentally friendly alternative substitute for chemical fungicides towards sustainable agriculture under climate change.
Experimental study on treatment of leachate concentrate from disk-tube reverse osmosis treatment in a waste incineration plant by gas-liquid contact evaporation
Authors: Yuan Qi , Huang Yaji , Qi Erbing , Liu Changqi , Wang Xinye , Wu Yongchao
Published: May 2023

Gas-liquid contact evaporation is a promising and effective technology for treatment of leachate concentrate (LC) in the waste incineration plant as this technology can utilize local resource such as anaerobic biogas and heat air passing through air preheater in the waste incineration plant turning LC into supplying water for circulating cooling water system. the influence of pH, temperature of air preheater and rate of evaporation on COD and NH3-N in condensate water were investigated in a laboratory-scale evaporator to identify the optimum operation of this technology. The results showed that the COD concentration in condensate water obviously decreased with increase of temperature of air preheater as higher temperature of air preheater led to higher the initial evaporation temperatures, the evaporation rate of water was significantly greater than that of small molecular organic matters with lower boiling point than water. COD in condensate water decreased with the increase of pH, as and the amount of volatile organic matters such as fatty acids, which were hydrolyzed, escaped from LC to condensate water decreased. The rate of evaporation had little influence on COD in the condensate water. NH3-N concentrations in condensate water in all experimental groups were far away from the limit value (14 mg/L) in the water quality standard for industry uses (GB/T 19923 − 2005) in China. When the condensate water can meet the water quality standard for using as supplying water for circulating cooling water system, the energy consumption, carbon emission and economic cost were lowest at the optimum condition which was at 450 ℃ of temperature of air preheater and pH = 6 of LC when CF = 10. The conclusions can promote the industrial application of direct contact evaporation treatment of LC.
Potential current and future distribution for Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Colombia: important disease vectors
Authors: Jurado Estefania Mejia , Cárdenas Emmanuel Echeverry , Obando Oscar Alexander Aguirre
Published: May 2023

Invasive mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti (African) and Aedes albopictus (Asian), are global vectors of dengue, Zika and chikungunya and are present in Colombia. For this reason, the objective was to know the potential geographic distribution of the A. aegypti and A. albopictus vectors under current and future conditions in Colombia. For this, a data set was formed with the records for each species in its native area and in Colombia, which, together with layers of bioclimatic variables, were implemented in ecological niche models (ENM). To estimate in current conditions, the Wallace platform was used, while for future estimations, under three climate change scenarios (SSP245, SSP370, and SSP585) in two time periods (2041–2060 and 2081–2100), the MaxEnt software was used. Additionally, the niche overlap was plotted and the ideal area and the population at risk in Colombia were quantified. It is suggested that both species share ideal areas in the central and western zones of the country, occupying over 70% of extension, where A. aegypti would reach maximum altitudes of 3,300 m and A. albopictus up to 3,000 m. In the future for both species it is estimated that, with higher emissions, the potential distribution could decrease, but they could invade areas with altitudes above 3,000 m (colder). It is concluded that, currently, A. aegypti and A. albopictus could have similar geographic distribution in Colombia and that, in the following years, climate change could lead to latitudinal and altitudinal variations in the distribution areas of these vectors.
Photocobilins integrate B12 and bilin photochemistry for enzyme control
Authors: Scrutton Nigel , Zhang Shaowei , Poddar Harshwardhan , Yu Yuqi , Liu Chuanyang , Patel Kaylee , Jeffreys Laura , Zhu Lingyun , Yan Cunyu , Schirò Giorgio Giorgio , Weik Martin , Sakuma Michiyo , Levy Colin , Leys David , Heyes Derren
Published: May 2023

Photoreceptor proteins utilise chromophores to sense light and trigger a biological response. The discovery that cobalamin (vitamin B12) can act as a light-sensing chromophore heralded a new field of B12-photobiology. Although microbial genome analysis indicates that photoactive B12-binding domains form part of more complex protein architectures, regulating a range of molecular–cellular functions in response to light, experimental evidence is lacking. Here we identify and characterise a sub-family of multi-centre photoreceptors, termed photocobilins, that use B12 and biliverdin (BV) to sense light across the visible spectrum. Crystal structures reveal close juxtaposition of the B12 and BV chromophores, an arrangement that facilitates optical coupling. Light-triggered conversion of the B12 affects quaternary structure, in turn leading to light-activation of associated enzyme domains. The apparent widespread nature of photocobilins implies involvement in light regulation of a wider array of biochemical processes, and thus expand the scope for B12 photobiology. Their characterisation provides inspiration for the design of broad-spectrum optogenetic tools and next generation bio-photocatalysts.
Isoflurane enhances the expression of circ_0088233 to promote the malignancy of prostate cancer through circ_0088233-mediated miR-33b-5p/HIF1A pathway
Authors: Rong Lu , Xue Huanzhou , Hao Jianwei , Liu Jianjun , Xu Hao
Published: May 2023

Background
The effects of isoflurane (Iso) on the viability and migration of cancer cells is crucial for the use of Iso in tumor resection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Iso on the function of prostate cancer (PCa) in cell proliferation, survival and migration, and to explore the potential mechanism of isoflurane action from the perspective of circular RNA (circRNA).
Methods
The effects of Iso on cell viability, cell apoptosis, cell invasion and cell migration were determined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry, transwell and wound healing assays, respectively. The expression of circ_0088233, microRNA-33b-5p (miR-33b-5p) and hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF1A) was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The underlying relationship between miR-33b-5p and circ_0088233 or HIF1A was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay. Animal study was conducted to determine the effects of Iso in vivo.
Results
Iso enhanced PCa cell viability, invasion and migration and inhibited cell apoptosis. Iso promoted the expression of circ_0088233, and circ_0088233 knockdown partly abolished the effects of Iso and thus inhibited PCa cell malignant behaviors. MiR-33b-5p was a target of circ_0088233, and HIF1A was a target of miR-33b-5p. Circ_0088233 knockdown inhibited PCa cell malignant behaviors by enriching miR-33b-5p, and miR-33b-5p restoration inhibited PCa cell malignant behaviors by sequestering HIF1A. Iso contributed to tumor growth in vivo by increasing circ_0088233 expression.
Conclusion
Iso strengthened the expression of circ_0088233 to promote the malignant development of PCa through circ_0088233-mediated miR-33b-5p/HIF1A pathway.
Colonization routes uncovered in a widely introduced Mediterranean gecko, Tarentola mauritanica (Squamata: Phyllodactylidae)
Authors: Rato Catarina , Deso Gregory , Renet Julien , Delaugerre Michel Jean , Marques Valéria , Mochales-Riaño Gabriel
Published: May 2023

In this study, we aimed to understand the contemporary and ancient colonization routes of the Moorish gecko,Tarentolamauritanica, using simple sequence repeats (SSRs). By analyzing the genetic diversity of populations in different regions, we found that Morocco is the genetic diversity hotspot for the species, followed by the Iberian Peninsula. However, historical gene flow estimates identified the Iberian Peninsula, not Morocco, as the primary contributor of colonizing individuals, along with continental Italy to a lesser extent. Currently, mainland Italy is the main source of introduced individuals, likely due to plant nursery trade. The study suggests that human-facilitated introductions from various geographical origins, with numerous regions colonized through continental Italy during two distinct periods, are responsible for the recurrent entry of individuals belonging to the European lineage of T. mauritanica into the Mediterranean and Macaronesia. These findings can inform better monitoring surveys and conservation programs by identifying putative current colonization routes of alien species.
Predictors for the progression to prostate cancer in patients diagnosed with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia or atypical small acinar proliferation: a case–control study
Authors: Ma Haoxin , Liu Jie , Lai Jiawei , Liu Quanhai , Qu Weixing , Sun Yi , Zhou Jiancheng
Published: May 2023

Objective
To explore the preoperative predictors of the progression to prostate cancer after diagnosing with highgrade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) or atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP) in first prostate biopsy and compare the oncological outcomes of HGPIN and ASAP in second prostate biopsy.
Methods
Data from 175 patients who were diagnosed with HGPIN or ASAP in first prostate biopsy and received second prostate biopsy were retrospectively collected. Propensity-score matching was performed using six preoperative variables, and postoperative variables were compared between two groups.
Results
A total of 41 patients (23.4%) were diagnosed with prostate cancer in second biopsy. There were no significant differences in age, body mass index (BMI), prostate volume, ECOG performance status and first biopsy pathology between prostate cancer (PCa) group and non-PCa group. Preoperative serum PSA was significantly higher in PCa group than in no-PCa group (12.99 (IQR 6.56–31.31) vs. 7.18 (3.23–19.54) ml, p<0.001). Furthermore, PCa group had higher PI-RADS score of preoperative multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) than non-PCa group (1 point 7.3% vs. 23.1%, 2 points 29.3% vs. 45.5%, 3 points 56.1% vs. 29.1%, 4 points 4.9% vs. 2.3%, 5 points 2.4% vs. 0%, P = 0.002). On univariable and multivariable analysis, preoperative serum PSA(OR 1.598, p<0.001) and PI-RADS score (OR 2.029, p = 0.025) (compared with low PI-RADS score) were independent predictors of progression to prostate cancer in second biopsy. Meanwhile, no statistically significant differences of second biopsy were observed between the HGPIN group and ASAP group about oncological outcomes (malignant rate, Gleason score, number of positive biopsy needles).
Conclusions
Preoperative serum PSA and PI-RADS score of preoperative multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging were independent predictors of progression to prostate cancer in second biopsy. Oncological outcomes of malignant second biopsy were similar although with different first biopsy pathologies (HGPIN or ASAP).
Effect of Particular Matter 2.5 (PM2.5) on Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
Authors: Teeranoraseth Tanyathorn , Chaiyasate Saisawat , Roongrotwattanasiri Kannika
Published: May 2023

Air pollution can cause many health problems such as respiratory problems. This study aimed to investigate the association between PM2.5 and acute upper respiratory tract infection (acute URTI). Retrospective data analysis of patients in 2017–2019 who visited outpatient department in Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Thailand with acute URTI was performed. The data of 104,739 patients with acute URTI and also the daily data of PM 2.5, PM 10, O₃, NO₂ temperature, and humidity were collected. The highest level of PM 2.5 each year was in January-February, the results were also the same for PM 10, O₃, and NO₂. We found that PM 2.5 had a significant correlation with number of acute respiratory infection patients R = 0.17 (p < 0.001) which meant higher level of PM 2.5 was associated with higher number of patients. The results were also the same for PM 10, O₃, and NO₂ but the higher the temperature and humidity, the fewer patients observed that day. We also found the regression question which was every 1 point higher of PM 2.5, there were going to be 19% more patients that day.
Graph Neural Operators for Learning on Spatial Transcriptomics Data
Authors: Yasin Alhassan , Ahmed Junaid
Published: May 2023

The inception of spatial transcriptomics has allowed improved comprehension of tissue architectures and the disentanglement of complex underlying biological, physiological, and pathological processes through their positional contexts. Recently, these contexts, and by extension the field, have seen much promise and elucidation with the application of graph learning approaches. In particular, neural operators have risen in regards to learning the mapping between infinite-dimensional function spaces. With basic to deep neural network architectures being data-driven, i.e. dependent on quality data for prediction, neural operators provide robustness by offering generalization among different resolutions despite low quality data. Graph neural operators are a variant that utilize graph networks to learn this mapping between function spaces. The aim of this research is to identify robust machine learning architectures that integrate spatial information to predict tissue types. Under this notion, we propose a study to validate the efficacy of applying neural operators towards classification of brain regions in mouse brain tissue samples as a proof of concept towards our purpose and compare it against various state of the art graph neural network approaches. We were able to achieve an F1 score of nearly 72% for the graph neural operator approach which outperformed all baseline and other graph network approaches within the scope of supervised learning.
Clinical Characterization and Mutation Analysis of 13 Iranian Ataxia-Telangiectasia Patients: Introducing Three Novel Mutations
Authors: Badalzadeh Mohsen , Bavani Maryam Soleimani , Alizadeh Zahra , Mirmoghtadaei Milad , Shakerian Leila , Bahram Seiamak , Molitor Anne , Carapito Raphael , Moradi Leila , Razaghian Anahita , Assari Raheleh , Movahedi Masoud , Shariat Mansoureh , Houshmand Massoud , Habibi Laleh , Hamidieh Amir Ali , Ashrafi Mahmoud Reza , Fazlollahi Mohammad Reza , Pourpak Zahra
Published: May 2023

Background: Ataxia Telangiectasia (AT) is a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the ATM gene. The gene is on chromosome 11q22-23 and codes for the protein kinase ATM, which plays an essential role in DNA damage repair. The classic neurological signs of AT include progressive cerebellar ataxia, oculomotor abnormalities, movement disorders, and cognitive dysfunction. The condition presents with multisystem involvement, leading to immunodeficiency‚ cancer predisposition, oculocutaneous telangiectasia‚ and elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein levels. In this study, we review the clinical characteristics of 13 AT patients, 3 of whom displayed novel mutations.
Method : Thirteen patients with ataxia-telangiectasia from 10 unrelated families were referred to Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran, Iran. After clinical confirmation, blood samples were collected from the patients and their parents. Genetic analysis for 8 patients was conducted using whole-exome sequencing (WES); in the other 3 patients, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used, followed by sequencing. The mutations found via WES were confirmed by Sanger sequencing.
Results: We identified 11 different mutations in ATMgene. Two patients had mutations as compound heterozygous, while 9 other patients were homozygous for the mutations. Among these, 3 likely pathogenic mutations (ie, c.4864G>T, c.2639-1G>A, and c.7940_7970delTTCCAGCAGACCAGCCAATTACTAAACTTAA) have not been reported. All parents showed a heterozygous state.
Conclusion: Our study highlights the significance of next-generation sequencing techniques in identifying novel ATMmutations in AT patients. Although all reported AT mutations reside in one gene, the absence of a mutation hotspot for this gene necessitates the use of next-generation sequencing techniques. Specifically, we identified 3 mutations that have not been reported previously, emphasizing the importance of continued research in this area. This study provides new insights into the genetic underpinnings of AT and underscores the potential clinical implications of identifying novel mutations. Further research in this area can help improve diagnosis and inform potential treatments for AT.
Mechanistic analysis of the evolution of trust level between owner and PMC contractor based on dynamic Bayesian network
Authors: Hongyan Li , BARI ABDUL , Aobo Yue
Published: May 2023

The PMC project advocates a non-confrontational cooperation model. As an extension of the owner, the PMC contractor manages the project in all aspects and processes on behalf of the owner, and the level of trust between the two parties determines effectiveness of management, which in turn affects the success or failure of the project. This paper adopted a dynamic Bayesian network approach, based on social exchange theory, to establish a dynamic model of the evolution of trust level between owners and PMC contractors, and used the two-way inference function of dynamic Bayesian network to identify the key indicators and dynamic evolution law of trust level. The results of the study indicated that the trust level between the owner and the PMC contractor depends mainly on the level of calculative and relational trust, and that the most important drivers of calculative and relational trust are the reciprocal behaviors and contractual flexibility. In addition, the reciprocal behaviors has a greater driving effect on the promotion of relational trust, and the contract flexibility has a greater driving effect on the promotion of calculative trust. Also, the level of calculative trust is higher in the early stage of project implementation, and the more calculative trust is generated, the more relational trust is generated in the middle and later stages. In the middle and later stages of the project, the importance of relational trust gradually increases and surpasses that of calculative trust, and the decline of relational trust has a greater negative impact on the overall trust level than calculative trust.
Adaptive IEEE 802.11ah MAC protocol for Optimization Collision Probability in IoT smart city data traffic Based Machine Learning models
Authors: Ibrahim Amin , Hafez Ahmed
Published: May 2023

Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligent (AI) are considered the key technologies for emerging 5G. The IoT empowers things to exchange data together using the internet towards a human beneficiary. The rapid growth of the IoT smart city influences diversified sources of data, a growing data sphere, and a massive number of sent packets, which are leading to a collision probability problem. AI technology coexists with IoT smart city networks to solve the collision problem. The paper starts to analyze the collision probability in the RAW and PRAW access channels of IEEE 802.11ah, compared to legacy IEEE 802.11 protocols. The paper derives two collision probability formulas in IEEE 802.11ah. Machine Learning (ML) algorithms as a subset of AI technology were proposed to classify and allocate each traffic pattern in the IoT smart city use case onto an appropriate IEEE 802.11ah access channel, denoted as adaptive IEEE 802.11ah MAC protocol. It is anticipated that the proposed adaptive IEEE 802.11ah protocol reduces the collision probability in the crowded IoT smart city networks for a percentage performance of 80% ～ 90% and it was obtained by the Decision Tree (DT) algorithm of supervised ML with 99.45% accuracy and 1.066 sec processing time.
Optical trapping and manipulating with a transmissive and polarization-insensitive metalens
Authors: Yang Dongni , Zhang Jianchao , Zhang Pengshuai , Liang Haowen , Ma Jie , Wang Xue-Hua , Li Juntao
Published: May 2023

Trapping and manipulating micro-objects and high precision measurement of tiny force and displacements are of significance in physical and biological studies. Conventional optical tweezers rely on a tightly focused beam formed by a bulky microscope system. Currently, flat lenses, especially metalenses, have become emerging platforms for miniature optical tweezers application. Compared to traditional objectives, metalenses can be integrated into the sample chamber, so as to realize chip-scale light manipulation. Here, a transmissive and polarization-insensitive water-immersion metalens constructed by adaptive nano-antennas is experimentally proposed with an ultra-high numerical aperture (1.28) and a high focusing efficiency (~ 50%) at the wavelength of 532 nm. With it, a stable optical trapping has been demonstrated with the lateral trapping stiffness of more than 500 pN/(µm·W), which reaches the same order of magnitude as a conventional objective and shows better performance than other reported flat lenses. In addition, bead steering experiment exhibits lateral manipulation range more than 2 µm, including the region of approximately 0.5 µm with little changes in stiffness. We believe that this metalens enables chip-scale optical tweezers, making optical trapping and manipulating easy, reliable, high-performance and more compatible with prevalent optical tweezers applications such as single-molecule or single-cell experiments.
Challenging the Universality of Heatwave Definitions: Gridded temperature discrepancies across climate regions
Authors: de Perez Erin Coughlan , Arrighi Julie , Marunye Joalane
Published: May 2023

As global studies of extreme heat forecast increasingly dire outcomes with climate change, there is an urgent and unmet need to understand the appropriateness of heatwave definitions and temperature datasets in different parts of the world. We carry out an intercomparison of the CHIRTS gridded stationsatellite temperature dataset with three reanalysis products: ERA5, NCEP-DOE Reanalysis 2, and MERRA2 to assess biases in the absolute value of extreme heat events and the distribution of extreme events. We find close agreement between all four datasets in the magnitude and distribution of extreme temperatures, with a cold bias in the reanalyses over mountainous areas. However, there is little to no agreement between datasets on the timing of extreme heat events in the Tropics, and the datasets do not even agree on which month is the hottest month climatologically in these regions. Second, we compare how the four datasets represent the frequency and timing of extreme heat events, using two different types of heatwave definitions: 5-day duration-based extremes and extreme temperature-humidity combinations (Heat Index). In the case of 5-day heatwaves, there are almost zero events recorded historically in Tropical regions. In contrast, high absolute values of the Heat Index are most common in Dry climates, likely due to the dominance of high temperature spikes in these regions, and high Heat Index events also occur in Temperate and Tropical regions. There is little agreement between datasets, however, on when these extreme Heat Index events have happened historically in the tropics. Given these results, we highlight the need for locally-developed heatwave metrics for different parts of the world, and we urge against the use of a single heatwave definition in global studies. We also recommend that any studies assessing heat-health relationships in tropical regions beware of the lack of agreement between observational and reanalysis datasets, and compare results from different gridded dataset products to estimate uncertainty in heat-health relationships.
Numerical Study on the Wave Pattern Characteristic of Air Layer in Cavity and the Effects of Multiple Influence Factors
Authors: Zhang Xiaosong , Ji Xue-qin , Chen Lei-qiang , Gao Li-jin , Huang Hong-bo , Hong Fang-wen
Published: May 2023

Air-Layer Drag Reduction (ALDR) technology for ship energy saving is getting more and more attention in recent years because of the outstanding drag reduction effect. In order to promote practical application, it is necessary to fully understand air layer two phase flow characteristics. Recent experimental studies have shown that the surface of the air layer presents wave pattern, which has an important influence on its damage risk. However, it is difficult to measure the wave pattern quantificationally due to the interference of equipment. Therefore, the main goal of the present paper is to investigate the wave pattern characteristic of air layer in cavity using numerical simulation method. On the basis, the effect of flow and geometric influence factors are discussed to understand the key control conditions. A CFD numerical method based on RANS equations and VOF interface capturing method is established, and has been successfully applied on the simulation of air layer wave pattern. Both two-dimensional and three-dimensional simulations are carried out, aiming at analyzing air-water interface flow and vortex flow directly. Based on the simulation results, it is found to be an inherent characteristic that the wave height of the upstream air layer is higher than that of the downstream, which causes that the first wave peak becomes the most important failure position of the air layer. The reason is analyzed from the view of vortex field in this paper. As the most important flow parameters, the influences of water flow velocity and air volume flow rate on the wave height and length have been discussed in detail. In terms of the geometric parameters, the cavity configuration, depth and width are found to exert great effects on the wave pattern while the position and size of air injector have little effect. Based on the analysis of this paper, it is believed that these geometric configurations affect the air layer by affecting the local vortex flow fields. The results of this study can help improve the understanding of air layer flow and provide reference for ship air cavity design.
HES1 promotes aerobic glycolysis and cancer progression of colorectal cancer via IGF2BP2-mediated GLUT1 m6A modification
Authors: Wang Jiayu , Zhu Meng , Jinhan Zhu , Li Juntao , Zhu Xingchao , Wang Kun , Shen Kanger , Yang Kexi , Ni Xiangyu , Liu Xin , Zhang Guangbo , Xi Qinhua , Chen Weichang , Shi Tongguo
Published: May 2023

HES1 plays a critical role in promoting tumor progression, but the underlying mechanisms are only partially understood. Here, we found that HES1 expression was significantly higher in CRC tissues than that in adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, high HES1 expression is associated with poor survival in CRC patients. HES1 knockdown markedly inhibited cell growth and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, silencing of HES1 suppressed aerobic glycolysis of CRC cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that HES1 knockdown decreased the expression of GLUT1, a key gene of aerobic glycolysis, in CRC cells. GLUT1 overexpression abolished the effects of HES1 knockdown on cell aerobic glycolysis, proliferation, migration and invasion. ChIP-PCR and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay showed that HES1 directly bound the promoter of IGF2BP2 and promoted IGF2BP2 expression. Furthermore, our data indicated that IGF2BP2 recognized and bound the m6A site in the GLUT1 mRNA and enhanced its stability. Taken together, our findings suggest that HES1 has a significant promotion effect on CRC aerobic glycolysis and progression by enhancing the stability of m6A-modified GLUT1 mRNA in an IGF2BP2-dependent manner.
Exploration on Target Object Recognition and Location Technology of Mobile Robot Based on Digital Twin
Authors: Hou Haixia
Published: May 2023

In recent years, robot technology has developed rapidly. With the continuous progress and innovation of technology, intelligent mobile robots have become a very common technical element in life. Mobile robot target recognition is a multidisciplinary and complex technology based on image processing, analysis, and understanding, which has great application value and importance. Digital Twin technology provides services, data, and information and physical space can be integrated and displayed through the connection of analog models and physical devices. Therefore, there is an urgent need to study the concept of digital twins and combine them with digital robots to identify and identify targets. In this paper, digital twinning technology was applied to mobile robots to study target recognition and positioning technology. This article constructed a mobile robot digital twin system, and introduced the interactive control framework of the digital twin mobile robot and the virtual real interaction mechanism. The overall framework and operation mechanism of the mobile robot digital twin system have been basically established. After taking photos of the target, the minimum variance filtering algorithm was used for image processing. The threshold segmentation algorithm was used to segment the processed image, and then the directional gradient histogram method was used to extract image features. Finally, SVM (Support Vector Machine) classifier was used to classify images based on the extracted image features, so as to achieve the goal of target object recognition. After completing target object recognition, EKF (Extended Kalman Filter) was used to locate the target object, thereby achieving target object positioning. The experimental part carried out target object recognition and positioning. The experimental results showed that the digital twin mobile robot had a high effect on target object recognition and positioning, with an accuracy rate of over 80% for target object recognition. The x-axis and y-axis positioning errors of the digital twin mobile robot were lower than traditional positioning algorithms, and could effectively identify and locate target objects.
Comprehensive analysis of cancer of unknown primary and recommendation of a histological and immunohistochemical diagnostic strategy from China
Authors: Ren Min , Cai Xu , Jia Liqing , Bai Qianming , Zhu Xiaoli , Hu Xichuan , Wang Qifeng , Luo Zhiguo , Zhou Xiaoyan
Published: May 2023

Background
Previous studies on cancer of unknown primary (CUP) mainly focus on treatment and prognosis in western populations and lacked clinical evaluation of different IHC markers, so this study aimed to evaluate characteristics of CUP and recommend a diagnostic strategy from a single center in China.
Methods and Results
Data of 625 patients with CUP were retrospectively collected and reviewed. The patients ranged in age from 20 to 91 years, with a female-to-male ratio of 1.3:1. The predominant histological type was poor or undifferentiated adenocarcinomas (308; 49.3%). The results of Canhelp-Origin molecular testing for the identification of the tissue of origin in 262 of 369 patients (71.0%) were considered predictable (similarity score > 45), with the most common predicted primary tumor site being the breast (57, 21.8%). Unpredictable molecular results correlated with more aggressive clinical parameters and poor survival. Thee positivity rates of several targeted antibodies (GATA3, GCDFP15, TTF1, Napsin A, and PAX8), based on the clinically predicted site, were lower than those reported for the corresponding primary tumors. Nonetheless, TRPS1 and INSM were reliable markers of predicted breast carcinoma (75.0%) and neuroendocrine tumors (83.3%), respectively. P16 expression, as well as HPV and EBER testing contributed significantly to the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinomas. Survival analysis revealed that older ages (> 57), ≥ 3 metastatic sites, non-squamous cell carcinomas, bone/liver/lung metastases, unpredictable molecular results, and palliative treatment correlated with poor overall survival.
Conclusions
We recommend a CUP diagnostic strategy involving the use of targeted antibody panels as per histological findings that is potentially applicable in clinical practice. The markers TRPS1, INSM1, and P16 expression, as well as HPV and EBER testing are particularly valuable in this aspect. Molecular testing is also predictive of survival rates.
Diagnostic value of TSPOT.TB, AFB smear microscopy, Genechip, and their combined application in Tuberculosis: a retrospective study.
Authors: Xiong Huanqing , Wang Huiqin , Gao Jiaying , Zhao Shihong , Li Yujuan , Chen Jian , Liu Gang , Jin Faguang
Published: May 2023

Background: The Interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) and Genechip are new tuberculosis diagnostic methods, but there have been limited studies conducted on combined application in tuberculosis. Starting in January 2021, Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Medical University began routinely using IGRA and Genechip. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of IGRA and Genechip, explore the feasibility of combined diagnosis, and provide guidance for the detection and diagnosis of tuberculosis in non-specialized hospitals.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 286 patients hospitalized at Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Medical University from January 1, 2021, to April 1, 2023. The diagnostic tests included IGRA (TSPOT.TB), Genechip, and acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear microscopy. Active TB cases were determined based on a composite reference standard (CRS). The three methods were then compared and evaluated.
Results: In total,286 patients simultaneous testing using TSPOT.TB, Genechip, and AFB smear microscopy methods. Among them, 36% (105/286) were diagnosed with active tuberculosis. The average age of these patients was 58.7±16.8 years old, with 55.6% (159/286) being over 60 years old and 44.4% (127/286) being under 60 years old. Regarding patients aged over 60 years old, the sensitivity, specificity, and AUC values for detecting tuberculosis using TSPOT.TB, AFB smear microscopy, and Genechip were 46.5%, 82.1%, 0.644; 17.2%, 99%, 0.581; and 74.1%, 98%, 0.861, respectively. For patients under 60 years, the sensitivity, specificity, and AUC values for detecting tuberculosis using TSPOT.TB, AFB smear microscopy, and Genechip were 44.6%, 85.0%, 0.648; 10.6%, 100%, 0.553; and 72.3%, 97.5%, 0.849, respectively. The AFB smear microscopy + Genechip combination had the highest diagnostic performance for patients aged over 60 years old, with a sensitivity of 84.4%, specificity of 97.0%, and AUC of 0.908. For patients under 60 years old, the TSPOT.TB + AFB smear microscopy + Genechip combination had the highest diagnostic performance, with a sensitivity of 97.8%, specificity of 82.5%, and AUC of 0.902.
Conclusions: Genechip showed both high sensitivity and specificity, suggesting its high value in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. However, the combination of TSPOT.TB, AFB smear microscopy, and Genechip had higher diagnostic efficacy and was more effective in diagnosing tuberculosis.
Effects of intra- and inter-day temperature change on acute upper respiratory infections among college students, assessments of three temperature change indicators
Authors: Jiang Feng , Wang Rensong , Yang Yongli , Jia Xiaocan , Ma Leying , Yuan Mengyang , Bao Junzhe
Published: May 2023

Background
Acute upper respiratory infection (AURI) is a significant disease affecting all age groups worldwide. The differences in the impacts of different temperature change indicators, such as diurnal temperature range (DTR), temperature variation (TV), and temperature change between neighboring days (TCN), on AURI morbidity, are not clear.
Methods
We collected data on 87,186 AURI patients during 2014–2019 in Zhengzhou. Distributed lag non-linear model was adopted to examine the effects of different temperature change indicators on AURI. We calculated and compared the attributable fractions (AF) of AURI morbidity caused by various indicators. We used stratified analysis to investigate the modification effects of season and gender.
Results
With the increase in DTR and TV, the risk of AURI tended to increase; the corresponding AF values (95% eCI) higher than the references (5% position of the DTR or TV distribution) were 24.26% (15.46%, 32.05%), 23.10% (15.59%, 29.20%), and 19.24% (13.90%, 24.63%) for DTR, TV0 − 1, and TV0 − 7, respectively. The harmful effects of TCN on AURI mainly occurred when the temperature dropped (TCN < 0), and the AF value of TCN below the reference (0°C) was 3.42% (1.60%, 5.14%). The harm of DTR and TV were statistically significant in spring, autumn and winter, but not in summer, while the harm of TCN mainly occurred in winter. Three indicators have statistically significant effects on both males and females.
Conclusions
High DTR and TV may induce AURI morbidity, while the harm of TCN occurs when the temperature drops. The impacts of DTR and TV on AURI are higher than that of TCN, and the impact of few-day TV is higher than that of multi-day TV. The adverse effects of DTR and TV are significant except in summer, while the hazards of TCN mainly occur in winter.
ChatClimate: Grounding Conversational AI in Climate Science
Authors: Muccione Veruska , Stammbach Dominik , Ni Jingwei , Kraus Mathias , Bingler Julia , Allen Simon , Colesanti-Senni Chiara , Wekhof Tobias , Schimanski Tobias , Gostlow Glen , Webersinke Nicolas , Huggel Christian , Wang Qian , Yu Tingyu , Leippold Markus , Vaghefi Saeid
Published: May 2023

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant progress in recent years, achieving remarkable results in question-answering tasks (QA). However, they still face two major challenges at inference time: hallucination and outdated information. These challenges take center stage in critical domains like climate change, where obtaining accurate and up-to-date information from reliable sources in a timely fashion is essential. To overcome these barriers, one potential solution is to provide LLMs with access to external, scientifically accurate, and robust sources (long-term memory). This access assists LLMs in continuously updating their knowledge and preventing the propagation of inaccurate, incorrect, or outdated information. In this study, we enhanced GPT-4 by providing it access to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental (IPCC-AR6), the most comprehensive, up-to-date, and reliable source in this domain. We present our conversational AI prototype, available at www.chatclimate.ai. The product answers challenging questions accurately in three different QA scenarios: asking from 1) GPT-4, 2) ChatClimate, and 3) hybrid ChatClimate. The answers and their sources were evaluated by a team of IPCC authors, who used their expert knowledge to score the accuracy of the answers from 1 (very-low) to 5 (very-high). The evaluation showed that the Standalone assistant provided more accurate answers.
Priming Inflammation through Type I Interferon Pathway: The Aggravating Role of ADAR1 Down-Regulation in Sepsis-Induced Lung Injury
Authors: Chen Yuanzhuo , Li Jiehua , Tan Weifeng , Sun Mingming , Wang Qingde , Peng Hu , Zhang Xiangyu
Published: May 2023

Objectives and design:
The objective of this prospective experimental study is to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of ADAR1 knockdown in regulating inflammation and lung injury in mice with sepsis.
Subjects:
ADAR1 TM-inducible knockout mice(ADAR1flox/flox;ER−Cre+).
Treatment:
To achieve ADAR1 knockdown, intraperitoneal injections of tamoxifen or vehicle corn oil were administered to 6- to 8-week-old mice on day 1 and day 3. After 2 days of TM treatment, sepsis was induced in mice by administering intraperitoneal injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
Methods
ADAR1 inducible knockout mice and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were used for this study. Tamoxifen treatment was administered to induce ADAR1 knockdown, and LPS was injected to induce sepsis in mice. The cecal ligation and puncture model was also used.
Results
ADAR1 increase worsened sepsis in mice and patients. Knockdown led to increased mortality and lung injury, as well as elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines.
Conclusions
ADAR1 is crucial in regulating inflammation and lung injury in sepsis. Decrease of ADAR1 expression level activates type I interferon signaling pathways and increase inflammatory response, reducing LPS resistance. This study highlights ADAR1's essential role in maintaining immune inflammatory response.