bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To forget or to remember: Denial deflation effect and subjective confidence of autobiographical memories
Authors: Nurkova V.V.
Published: August 2015

The paper focuses on the problem of the long-lasting effect of deliberate lie on autobiographical memories, which seems to be of extreme importance for forensic psychology. Firstly, the literature on autobiographical memory’s malleability is reviewed in the context of legal issues. Then we present the empirical field study carried out to examine dynamics of confidence toward episodes of personal past after participants had been instructed a) to retell a false episode as true; b) to retell a false episode as false; c) to deny the reality of a true episode. We coined the main finding as “Denial deflation”. This effect exists in two forms. The first is forgetting of falsely denied true episode. The second is mistaken acceptance of truthfully denied false episode. Our findings indicate that the act of lying produces specific effect on memory performance both for intentional creation of false story and for intentional denial of true experience.
Dynamics of moral judgments in young soldiers during the period of military service
Authors: Oshevsky D.S. , Frolova M.
Published: August 2015

We have conducted an empirical study of the dynamics of the level of moral judgments in the military. Two groups of Missile Defense Force soldiers present the sample: preparing for demobilization (n=30) and new recruits (n=25). As the methods we used specially developed semi-structured interview modeling the situation of moral choice, and the questionnaire in order to assess the socio-psychological characteristics of the military and their attitude to service. The young soldiers have a positive trend in the development of moral judgments and a greater differentiation in the estimates. It is shown that the old-timers in comparison with newcomers have intensive development of group-oriented and prosocial moral reasoning. It presumably connected with successful adaptation to military service, following the manual, the ability to cope with aggressive impulses, flexibility and value assessments in decision-making. It is noted that educational work with young recruits should include measures to increase group cohesion in the army.
SPECIES COMPOSITION AND ECOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF CARABID’S ASSEMBLY IN A FODDER’S MIXTURE FIELD IN NORTH POLAND
Authors: Aleksandrowicz Oleg , Pakuła Brygida , Grabiec Ewelina
Published: August 2015

It June-September of 2007 the qualitative and quantitative composition of carabids were investigated in annual fodder’s mixture field in vicinity of Bukowina village in Pomeranian province (N Poland, UTM XA83, 17°50’E and 54°25’N). It was trapping 509 specimen belonged to 23 species. The studied carabid assembly had very specific species composition and ecological structure. Was observed 7 dominant species: Calathus fuscipes, Harpalus griseus, Harpalus rufipes, Harpalus calceatus, Poecilus lepidus, Broscus cephalotes and Harpalus froelichii (more than 5% specimen). This assembly is characterized by low species richness, polydomination, high value Shannon and Pielou indexes, and not typical high seasonal activity of “autumn breeders” in first half of June. Possible reasons of such phenomena are soil condition (dry sand soil) and extreme warm winter 2006/2007.
SEEKING OF THE RESOURCE-SAVING AND ENVIRONMENT-SPARING TECHNOLOGIES WITHIN RAPE GROWING
Authors: Borovko Lilija
Published: August 2015

In order to obtain high, qualitative and economically profitable rape yield one needs wholesome and integrated manure, with the aim to ensure the plants' needs for nutritive components and to renovate the soil fertility as well. During 2005 - 2007 there was carried research on the increasing rates of potassic mineral fertilizers K0 - K160 against the background of nitrogen fertilizers N80 and N80+40. Using nitrogen fertilizer 80-120 kg ha-1 the obtained yield increase was remarkable indeed: 0.49-1.09 t ha-1. Increased potassium rate K80 - K160 ensured the yield growth up to 0.17–0.42 t ha-1 The highest oil content 48.22-48.89% was ensured by potassium rate K160. Optimal and economically grounded manure rate is N120P60K80 kg ha-1 with the yield level 2.50 t ha-1 and the oil outcome 1086 kg ha-1. In 2007 and 2008 there was carried research on the rates of stick matter AVENTROL (0.7 and 1.0 l ha-1), and its impact on rapeseed yield and quality. In spring rape sowings the yield increase was 0.49-0.78 t ha-1, but in winter rape sowings –0.72-1.03 t ha-1. The seed humidity, at harvest time, was diminished by 2-6 %. The content of oil in seeds increased by 0.52-1.49 %. The use of the preparation AVENTROL ensured the net income: 57,7 - 161,7 EUR ha-1.
CONDITIONING OF ENERGU CROPS FOR BIOENERGY PRODUCTION
Authors: Kronbergs Ēriks , Šmits Mareks
Published: August 2015

The main steps of rural policy to the development of renewable energy resources are energy crop production. Latvia can provide for the use of approximately 0.36 million ha of the unused now agricultural land for herbaceous energy crop growing. More than 230 million tones of peat are available for solid biofuel production. Peat is recomended as additive because it improves density and burning properties of herbaceous material solid biofuel. Herbaceous stalk material can be harvested in winter season with humidity less than 15% and used for compacting without drying. The aim of experimental investigation is to determine conditioning methods for solid biofuel production with minimum energy consumption. Common reed stalk material is used for experiments, because it experimentally stated ultimate tensile strength is 256 ± 27 N mm-2. This value testifies that common reeds are twice strongest material than cereal crop stalk materials and conditioning mechanization equipment of common reeds would be useful for other energy crops.
ANALYSES OF THE CAUSE AND EFFECT DIAGRAMMS OF EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Authors: Medne Olita , Dreijers Ilo , Bērziņa Līga
Published: August 2015

The manufacturing of expanded polystyrene is a multi-stage process. In each stage the number of technologic parameters is very high, they are intercorrelated and influence the quality of the end product. The improper combination of parameter quantitative values causes defects – deterioration of mechanical and heat insulation properties, product deformation and cracking. The planning of experiments for parameter discrimination and afterwards optimization is not practicable due to the high number of variables. That is why we used the cause and effect diagrams for the identification of the most essential parameters. After analyzing the regulation of the technological process a cause and effect diagram (the so-called”fish-bone”) was created for each stage. Further on, after having analyzed the literature data and using the experience gained in the real manufacturing process, the set of eventually most essential parameters was defined. Also the number of these parameters is quite high, however it already gives a possibility to perform purposeful experiments and make an analysis of the experimental results.
DO HEAVY METALS AFFECT ON DEHYDRATION RATE OF BRASSICA NAPUS, TRITICUM SPP., ZEA MAYS AND HORDEUM VULGARE?
Authors: Suchkova N. , Sawidis T. , Ganoulis J.
Published: August 2015

Dependence of dehydration rate of Brassica napus, Triticum spp., Zea mays and Hordeum vulgare from heavy metal concentrations in plants after its growth in contaminated media has been studied in the laboratory and results are summarized in this paper. We found water loss reduction in all plant species germinated in sewage sludge (somewhere soil) after 18 day in comparison with control samples, presented by garden compost. Moreover, water loss was reduced significantly in root part of the plants. At the same time water loss was increased in Brassica napus, Triticum spp. and Hordeum vulgare germinated in sewage sludge after 30 day in comparison with control samples that could have been caused by metals interactions with plants’ metabolic processes within the cells.
VARIATION OF ACCUMULATING ASSOCIATIONS IN TOPSOIL OF THE OLDEST PART OF VILNIUS
Authors: Zinkutė Rimantė , Taraškevičius Ričardas , Jankauskaitė Margarita
Published: August 2015

The aim of research was to analyse and explain the variation of accumulating associations of 13 chemical elements Ag, B, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn, V, Zn in topsoil of the oldest part of Vilnius. These elements characterise soil quality and are included in the check list of hygienic norm HN 60- 2004 of Lithuania. According to adjusted accumulating associations ordinary and unusual associations have been distinguished and distribution of the types or unusual associations has been analysed. They are often near present or former industrial sites, railway or streets with intensive traffic.
VIDES AIZSARDZĪBAS TEORIJA, PRAKSE UN PIEREDZE STUDIJU PROCESĀ THEORY, PRACTICE AND EXPERIENCE OF ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION IN STUDY PROCESS
Authors: Atstāja Dzintra
Published: August 2015

The main accent in the article has been put on theory of environment protection. Besides there is told about BA School of Business and Finance experience in organizing and realize study courses connected with environment problems (“Environment economics”, “Environment management”, “Macroeconomics”, “Environmental management”, “Environment protection”, “Environment management, organization of civil defense and labor safety”) in different study programs, inter-subject connection, study results. Article’s main attention is dedicated to methods, how practical works are done, work with databases, excursions, student’s further studies (practical researches, bachelor’s work etc.) and quality of study process – theory’s connection with existing laws and regulations and sustainable development of national economy. Author is presenting the new study aid “Environment, civil and labour safety” that is prepared for emerging businessman and other interesents.
BACKWARD WHIRL OF UNBALANCED SHAFT AT ELASTICALLY CONSTRAINED JOURNAL BEARINGS AND FLOATING SEALS DUE TO MECHANICAL CONTACT
Authors: Banakh Ludmila , Nikiforov Andrey
Published: August 2015

The paper deals with the known phenomenon which takes place at rotor-stator contact. It is backward precession (whirl) of unbalanced shaft inside rigidly constrained sleeves (journal bearings) in the range below its critical speed. The purpose of this theoretical work is to research dynamic behavior of unbalanced shaft at the elastically constrained sleeves and above-resonant range.
THE EVALUATION OF ENTERPRISE APPLICATION INTEGRATION APPROACHES TO RESOLVE POSTAL PARCEL DELIVERY TRANSPORT ROUTING PROBLEMS
Authors: Bonders Mārtiņš
Published: August 2015

Information Technologies (IT) create interconnected application software. Nowadays, one of the vital problems is the enterprise application software integration. Systems of the transport routing become more complicated, because in order to efficiently solve transport routing and planning problems, it is necessary to get more and more information. Enterprise application methods and technologies allow to create effective transport routing system. To structure integration solutions, can be used different options and solutions, as well as platform of integration, but vital problem is the choice of the most suitable integration approach. The aim of this paper is to evaluate several accessible integration solutions. Integration options are identified and classified according to integration approach and technologies used in this paper. In practical assessment of integration technologies, post parcel delivery and routing process is used as an example, for which it is necessary to create effective GPS/GIS/ERP integration solution. For this problem, several alternative solutions have been developed. They have been evaluated according to their high-speed, easily of development and modification, as well as other parameters.
IMPLEMENTATION OF APPLIED RESEARCH INTO THE STUDY PROCESS WHEN TRAINING THE PROFESSIONALS OF ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION
Authors: Ciplijauskienė Palmira , Rukštelienė Nijolė
Published: August 2015

The studies on the college level are directed towards practical training, thus the applied research executed in colleges may be involved into the study process as one of the research teaching methods. This research not only ensures the link between theory and practice, but also trains general abilities of the students and personal characteristics highly valued by the employers. The article analyses the experience of Ecology Department to implement the applied researches “Evaluation of Water Quality in Shaft Wells” and “Determination of Nitrogen Dioxide Concentration in the Environment Air by Applying the Method of Passive Sampling” into the subjects of Environment Protection and Environment Monitoring. It discusses the way the studies are held, in what ways the students take part in research, how they evaluate it, what problems they face.
MUNICIPAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY PLANNING: COMPLEMENTARITY OF DISCIPLINARY AND INTEGRATIVE APPROACHES
Authors: Lagzdiņa Ērika , Ernšteins Raimonds
Published: August 2015

Environment and its integration are recognized as priorities at all governance levels, however practice reveals gaps at the local (municipal) level. Municipal environmental policy planning (EPP), implementation and monitoring is not studied sufficiently and discussed. Without understanding of disciplinary planning there are risks of qualitative integrative planning. The article discusses EPP development in Latvian municipalities during last 18 years period starting from Local Agenda 21 initiatives to integrated urban environment planning. The article summarizes EPP experience based on document studies and survey. It includes overview of EPP driving forces, content and integration analysis, institutional and public participation issues, outlines needs for further studies. Taking into account that EPP exist in less than 5 % of local governments, what is contrasting to practice elsewhere in Europe, the intention of the article is to facilitate discussion about EPP necessity and opportunities in Latvia.
DESCRIPTIVE MODEL OF SLIDING FRICTION PROCESSES
Authors: Martinovs Andris , Gonca Vladimir
Published: August 2015

Paper analyses the sliding friction coefficient of rubber on concrete, timber and ceramic tile surfaces depending on the weight of the sliding object and contact surface area. It has been established that increase in the weight of the object makes sliding friction coefficient to grow. In the case of increase in size of contact area, sliding friction coefficient between rubber and concrete also increases, but it decreases between rubber- timber and rubber- tile. The mathematical model for description of sliding friction process has been developed which can be used to determine optimal surface area and a pattern as well as optimal weight of the sliding object in order to provide sufficient sliding friction. Model has five independent constants. It includes the contact surface area, the weight and the velocity of the sliding object, sliding friction coefficient, temperature and time.
THE RESEARCH ON THE USE OF WILD ORNAMENTAL PLANTS AND EVALUATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOECOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES
Authors: Margelienė Jolanta
Published: August 2015

В статье проанализированные морфологические и биоэкологические свойства дикорастущих декоративных растений и представлен анализ возможностей их применения. Высота исследованных растений колеблется от 5 см до 101 см, преобладают листья темно-зеленой окраски и белые цветки, доминируют растения с одним и несколькими стеблями, а плоды и соплодия большей частью мало декоративные. Большинство растений цветут больше чем 51 день. Самое эффективное время цветения: июнь, июль и май, декоративность не утрачивают 2-3 месяца. Эти растения можно использовать для групповых посадок, альпийских горок и для бассейнов. Исследованные растения имеют по 1-3 возможности применения в цветниках.
COMPUTER VISUALIZATION IN ECOLOGICAL EDUCATION
Authors: Tolstikov А. V. , Potakhin M. S. , Bogdanova M. S.
Published: August 2015

The idea to use computer visualization in ecological education is promoted. A fragment of the virtual ecological trip “Lake Pryazhinskoe” is demonstrated. The approach to create virtual trips is based on Web-design technologies. The virtual ecological trips will open new innovative and creative possibilities for ecological education both at the stage of their development and their application.
Influence Of Wastewater On Zooplankton Community Of The Daugava River After Daugavpils Wastewater Treatment Plant Modernization
Authors: Deksne Rasma
Published: August 2015

During seasonal studies 2010 (May-October, once/ thrice a month), samples of zooplankton were collected at the Daugava River section from 10 km upstream to 10 km downstream from the Daugavpils treatment plant wastewater discharge into the Daugava River. Changes in the quantitative and qualitative characteristics, saprobity index and species diversity (Shannon-Wiener index) were employed for the analysis of zooplankton community structure in the Daugava River. The Daugava River is polluted by Daugavpils wastewater, however the untoward influence of pollution on zooplankton is observed only in years and in seasons with low water level and discharge. The effect of Daugavpils wastewater pollution on changes in the zooplankton community is considered.
Mechanical Properties Of Composite Biomass Briquettes
Authors: Kaķītis Aivars , Nulle Imants , Ancāns Dainis
Published: August 2015

In the handling and usage processes, sufficient density and durability of biomass (straw, read) briquettes should be provided. For the briquettes density standards determined the value ρ > 1.0 g cm-3. In ? the densification process usually fine grinded particles are used, what significantly increases energy consumption for stalk material cutting. Calculated energy consumption for common reed cutting to sizes less than 3 mm was > 7 kJ kg-1 but for size 20 mm it was approximately 1 kJ kg-1. The goal of the investigation was to obtain the necessary density and durability of briquettes of larger biomass particles by arranging them. The orientation of straw or reed stalks had to promote binding by the pressing operation. The long stalk linking, in the picture of coloured stalk briquettes sections, is good visible. Crushing force dependence on particle size for arranged structure briquettes is stated in laboratory experiments. The specific splitting force of arranged structure coarse chopped wheat straw and reed briquettes reaches value 35 N mm-1. It is approximately the same as industrially produced wood briquettes. Splitting force of the hemp stalk briquettes reaches 115 N·mm-1.
Optimization of Keratinase Production By Actinomyces Fradiae 119 and Its Application in Degradation of Keratin Containing Wastes
Authors: Matikevičienė V. , Grigiškis S. , Levišauskas D. , Sirvydytė K. , Dižavičienė O. , Masiliūnienė D. , Ančenko O.
Published: August 2015

The aim of this study was to identify and optimize significant technological parameters influencing keratinolytic enzyme production by A. fradiae 119 and to study its ability to degrade keratin. In the present work chicken feathers meal (CFM) was found to be an excellent substrate for keratinase induction by A. fradiae 119. The strain produced 164 KU/mL keratinolytic activity in basal medium containing 7.5 g/L CFM as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. Increased keratinolytic activity was achieved in media with ammonium sulfate as nitrogen source, the application of additional nitrogen sources to media containing CFM slightly decreased keratinase synthesis. Optimal parameters of the cultivation process were determined: pH of cultivation medium – 7.2, temperature – 34 ºC and inoculum’s size – 8 %, using the response surface methodology. The yield of keratinase activity was increased by 46 % (267 KU/mL) after optimization of the cultivation process. The good ability of cultural liquid to degrade feathers and wool was detected.
Urban Development Trends In The Latgale Region At The Beginning Of The 21st Century
Authors: Matisovs Ivars
Published: August 2015

The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of urban development trends in the Latgale region, observed at the beginning of the 21st century and to a large extent also outlines the direction of future development. The paper is based on the evaluation of spatial development planning documents,the analysis of the available statistical data and the review of the urban development projects subject to implementation, supplemented by some results of field studies on the urban environment quality. Though the urban environment and partly also the landscape quality has been improved during the last period, as well as in many areas with support of the EU programmes major urban environment development projects are being implemented, however the economic growth is stalling, depopulation processes are not contained, and the regional urban development index is expressly negative. In the course of the administrative and territorial reform the status of the majority of towns and cities of the Latgale region has significantly changed, and sustainable urban development in the region is still under real threat.
Complex Evaluation Of Air Quality In Rezekne
Authors: Skromulis Andris , Matisovs Ivars , Noviks Gotfrīds
Published: August 2015

Paper presents results of air ionization level measurements made in past 3 years in Rezekne city. The concentrations of positive and negative air ions with mobility factor k ≥ 0,4 cm2/V·s were obtained by portative air-ion counter “Sapfir-3M” (Russia) in 8 parts of the city thrice per day. The approximate interconnections among ionization and chemical and mechanical pollution of air were analyzed. The complex evaluation of long – term air pollution impact on different parts of city is carried out using methods of lichenoindication and air ion research.
Case Study On The Relationships Between Soil Contents Of Some Harmful Chemical Elements Determined By Different Equipment
Authors: Zinkutė Rimantė , Taraškevičius Ričardas
Published: August 2015

Comparison of total contents of Ba, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sn, Pb, V, Zn, Al, Ca, Fe, Mg determined in topsoil of central part of Vilnius by optical atomic emission spectrophotometry (OAES) with respective contents determined by energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), analysis of their correlation and linear relationship with and without outliers are the tasks of research. For most elements, except Ca, Sn, Ba, the contents determined by EDXRF are significantly lower and less variable. They can be predicted according to OAES-contents using linear equations. After elimination of outliers for all elements the correlation is significant at p<0.05.
Creep Behaviour of Concrete With Glass Waste Microfiller
Authors: Sprince Andina , Korjakins Aleksandrs , Pakrastinsh Leonids
Published: August 2015

Every year there are several hundred tons of waste glass produced in Latvia. Glass can be re-used as a fine raw material and it presents a possibility to save natural, non-renewable materials. The use of glass powder in concrete production can make the construction industry more environmentally friendly. This paper examines the possibility of using glass powder as cement replacement in a new type of concrete. In the experiment, cement was partially (20% and 40%) replaced with glass powder. The long-term deformation (creep) of this new concrete was monitored. Three different concrete mixtures were batched. Specimens of 20% and 40% cement replacement were compared with the specimens made of standard concrete. The samples were tested in two extreme conditions: in one case they were kept in 100% humidity ensured by preventing the desiccation of the concrete, and in the other case samples were air-dried by preventing them from becoming wet. Compression strength and modulus of elasticity of 7 and 28 days old cubic samples was determined.
Mobile Phone Based Remote Control System For Furnace Automation
Authors: Visockis Edmunds , Zalans Janis , Teilāns Artis , Valgis Gundars
Published: August 2015

Nowadays, an increasing role in various technologies holds electronic devices that automate the various systems to facilitate people's daily life. This publication describes one of those types of automation capabilities, as a control system using mobile phones and mobile communications. Innovative approaches for the modification can be used for various purposes, such as a room or vehicle security alarm systems, remote management for various processes, the heating system furnace firing, the combustion process control, as well as many other remote management and control purposes.
Research Of Computerization And Implementation Of The E-Prescription For Individual Pharmacies
Authors: Ardava Elita , Onzevs Oskars , Viksne Ilmars , Namatevs Ivars
Published: August 2015

The paper deals with establishment, implementation and development of electronic prescription or e-Prescription in context with e-Health solutions. It includes introduction of a numerous innovative solutions, which are to be committed for data information flow, data management and functionality as well as of establishment of a new feasible communication forms between doctors, patients and pharmacists. The aim of the study is to describe some technical aspects and functionality of implementation of e-Prescription system for medical institutions, patients and pharmacies; and, calculation of the total cost of implementation (TCI) for Latvian individual pharmacies. Several expecting financial aspects, which have encompassed evaluation of TCI, calculating payback time, ROI, NPV, and IRR are to be calculated. On the bases of these financial calculations, the primary investment of implementation of e-Prescription for individual pharmacies and initial costs are determined. Impact on individual parts of TCI with the scope to individual pharmacy size, location, existence or absence of formal information strategy has calculated. According to collected data, research paper shows how proposed electronic system is going to implement among Latvian individual pharmacies.
Conditions Of Fuel Filling Dispenser Trouble – Free Operation
Authors: Gonca Vladimirs , Shvabs Yurijs , Polukoshko Svetlana
Published: August 2015

Regularly on the filling stations (FS) there are failures at priming of transport vehicles, when a driver, driving away after priming, forgets to smuggle out of a pistol from the mouth of filling tank of car. Thus, at wedging of pistol in the tank of car, there are not only breaks in a chart a pistol is a hose but also serious destructions of fuel filling dispenser (FFD). In the present paper the mathematical model of functioning of chart is considered vehicle - fuel filling dispenser. From the analysis of the got model, if a car begins motion with the undrawn pistol out of a fuel tank, the geometrical parameters of chart are determined vehicle - fuel filling dispenser, at which slipping out of pistol or his wedging will be in the mouth of tank which possible consequences are considered for (tearing away of pistol from a hose, tearing away of hose from corps of filling vehicle, break of hose, deformation of fuel filling dispenser). The geometrical parameters of chart are determined fuel filling dispenser, at which "forgetfulness" of driver will not result in damages of fuel filling dispenser f, and there will be slipping out of pistol from the mouth of fuel tank of car.
Geographic Distribution Of Protected Sedge Species Carex Pilosa Scop. In Latvia With Reference To Forest Ecosystems
Authors: Iliško Edgars , Soms Juris
Published: August 2015

The results of field studies, laboratory research and desk-based GIS geospatial analysis of ecological factors which determine geographic distribution of hairy sedge (Carex Pilosa Scop.) in Latvia with reference to forest ecosystems are presented in this article. Hitherto such a complex studying of chorology and ecology of this protected forest herb has not been performed before in Latvia, nor has it been attempted in the other Baltic states. The obtained results demonstrate that this protected plant species ecologically is quite plastic regarding its growing conditions and can be found in different forest ecosystems, however the most vital and largest cenopopulations of Carex pilosa are associated with the old deciduous forests, particularly those growing within erosion landforms on the slopes of the southern or south-eastern aspect. This research is important both from the scientific and practical view point, allowing to work out recommendations for the protection and conservation of this rare species in Latvia.
Comparison of Pozzolanic Additives for Normal and High Strength Concrete
Authors: Justs Janis , Shakhmenko Genadij , Bajare Diana , Toropovs Nikolajs
Published: August 2015

Microsilica is widely recognized as a “benchmark” for pozzolanic products. Although microsilica is an industrial byproduct, it has recently become very expensive. Four different pozzolanic additives were compared by the authors of this study. Two of the additives were commercially available products – microsilica by Elkem and Centrilit NC by MC Bauchemie. The other two additives were produced under laboratory conditions. Both of them were clay-based materials. Compressive strength was determined after 7, 28 and 155 days. The objective of this research was to determine alternatives to microsilica and evaluate pozzolanic additives performance in normal and high-strength concrete.
Genetic Resources Of Flax In Latvia
Authors: Komlajeva Ļubova , Adamovičs Aleksandrs
Published: August 2015

Flax is cultivated on small areas in Latvia. Flax gives dual-purpose production – fibre and seeds. Latvian flax has a high fibre and seed quality. The quantity of flax fibre and seed yield depends on many factors. Several qualitative and quantitative traits, such as technical stem length, resistance to lodging, vegetation period, yield of straw and seeds, fibre and oil content and quality were evaluated. For the further development of Latvian economy flax varieties and hybrids of Latvian origin are an important goal. Fibre flax varieties 'Blue di Riga', 'Priekuļu 665', 'Ošupes 30' and breeding lines 'S-64-17-93' and 'L11-11/11-94' are valuable material containing a qualitative and quantitative indicators of variety. 92 Latvian accessions of flax hybrids have been evaluated, and 12 accessions with the best seed and straw yield have been selected for further DNA analysis. This will simplify and accelerate the selection of new valuable hybrids that will provide particular advantages in agriculture. The genetic analysis of DNA determines the kinship and diversity of flax varieties and breeding lines which can be used further in flax breeding.
Physiological Aspects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Impact on Latvian Origin Cannabis Sativa L .
Authors: Maļceva Marija , Stramkale Veneranda , Vikmane Māra
Published: August 2015

The aim of the present study was to evaluate nitrogen fertilizer impact on photosynthesis and yield of hemp, applying modern non-destructive methods. The main object of the investigation – hemp cultivar of Latvian origin ‘Pūriņi’. Laboratory and field experiments showed diverse effects of different nitrogen fertilizer doses on various parameters. Additional nitrogen fertilizer dose of 60 kg ha-1 is most effective as evaluated by chlorophyll content in hemp leaves and changes of chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters. Nitrogen fertilizer negatively affected fiber content in hemp stems, therefore while cultivating hemp only for fiber production use of nitrogen fertilizer should be reduced. According to the seed mass results, additional nitrogen fertilizer doses should be applied following the climatic conditions. In the vegetation period guided with higher rainfall levels, 60 kg of additional nitrogen fertilizer per hectare can be considered as optimal amount. In current investigation hempseed oil composition was not negatively affected by nitrogen fertilizer. Also significant difference between seed yield of N60 and N100 variants has not been observed. To avoid excessive nitrogen fertilizer usage, its negative impact on plant physiology and yield losses, we consider nitrogen fertilizer 60 kg ha-1 as additional fertilizer is optimal for hemp cultivar ‘Pūriņi’. yield.
Analysis Of Plants Included Into Lithuanian Red Book
Authors: Margelienė Jolanta , Budrienė Aušra
Published: August 2015

55 plant species included into the Lithuanian red book were chosen and analyzed. The analysis revealed that the plants of a medium height (20 species) dominate. The flowers of 17 plant species are violet, and 48 species have green leaves. After analyzing bio ecological properties of rare plants it is possible to say heliouphilous plants dominate (37 species), majority of plants flower from the beginning of June until the end of August (50 species). 25 rare plants under research are allocated to category 2 (V) and are considered to be quickly extinct, endangered species, the population number of which and the number of individual plants decrease rapidly. The main reasons of the plant disappearance are the overgrowing of habitats by trees and bushes (58,18 %), irrigation and drainage (36,36 %) as well as intensive farming (29,09 %). The research identified that the main protective measures of rare plants are the support of the traditional farming, the limitation of hay harvesting and grazing, the maintenance of water hydro chemical , hydrological and hydrographic regime, etc.
A Method For Determination Of Specific Electrical Resistance Of Steel And Nano-Coating Sputtered On It
Authors: Martinovs Andris , Timmerberg Josef , Savkovs Konstantins , Urbahs Aleksandrs , Beckmann Paul
Published: August 2015

The paper describes methods developed to determine specific electrical conductivity and relative magnetic permeability of cylindrical steel items and nano-coatings deposited on them by sputtering. Research enables development of a new method for determination of thickness of vacuum deposited nano- coating that is based on application of skin effect.
Improving Winter Wheat Yields In Organic Farming Systems Through Innovations In Green Manure Management
Authors: Nemeikšienė Danguolė , Arlauskienė Aušra , Šlepetienė Alvyra
Published: August 2015

The paper presents effect of perennial grasses (Trifolium pratense L., Medicago sativa L., xFestulolium) and their aboveground mass management methods (removed from the field, mixed, mulching) as preceding crops on Ninorg in the soil as well as on yield of winter wheat under conditions of ecological farming. Field experiments were carried out at the Joniškėlis Research Station of the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture (LIA) on an Gleyic Cambisol. Experimental evidence indicated that content of symbiotically fixed nitrogen in the biomass of legumes accounted for the largest share (61–84 %) of the total nitrogen content (208.0–298.0 kg ha- 1), accumulated in the biomass. Winter wheat grain yield significantly (r = 0.783; P < 0.05) correlated with soil inorganic nitrogen content in spring. Grain yield productivity increased by 0.01 t ha-1 after incorporation of 1 kg ha-1 nitrogen of legume crops biomass.
Making Decisions On Arrangement Of Electronics In Smart Garment
Authors: Parkova Inese , Kašurins Andrejs , Vališevskis Aleksandrs , Viļumsone Ausma
Published: August 2015

This paper describes the prototype of a smart jacket and offers several alternative ways of designing and arranging of electronic elements, which are based on ergonomic design guidelines, using principles of external and internal stress zoning in garments. Seven variants of arrangement are proposed, which are compared using decision making methods AHP and ELECTRE. One of the goals of this research is to carefully aggregate the available information and to rank different variants of arrangement using a set of criteria as objectively as possible. Comparing several variants of arrangement of electronic elements in clothing enables one to determine the most suitable variants according to the selected criteria.
What Breastfeeding Mothers Want: Specific Contextualized Help
Authors: Miller Amy Sarah , Telford Anna Clarissa Jeanne , Huizinga Brechtje , Pinkster Manu , Heggeler Jorieke ten , Miller Joyce Elaine
Published: August 2015

Difficulty with breastfeeding in the newborn and new mother population is all too common, and too little is known about the type of healthcare assistance most relevant to these families. Therefore, 18 mothers were interviewed for their experiences with suboptimal breastfeeding and their
perceptions of the healthcare they had received for the problem. These mothers attended an interdisciplinary breastfeeding clinic (midwifery and chiropractic) on the south coast of England. The goal of this study was to better understand mothers’ preferences in healthcare resources to facilitate
the most efficient and effective assistance to improve breastfeeding for mothers and infants. The main themes were that mothers desired ongoing reassurance and contextualized, nonconflicting advice that was specific to their baby.
Impact of Structural Discontinuities on Fluid Flow and Production Behaviour: Case Study of the Yowi Field, Offshore Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Momta Prince S. , Odigi Minapuye I.
Published: August 2015

Structural discontinuity implies the presence of faults and fractures that have significant control on fluid communication within the subsurface. The Yowi field has experienced drastic decline in oil production just after two years of commencement of production. Possible factors responsible for this problem can be attributed to both geologic and engineering uncertainties. An integrated approach was adopted by first identifying geological factors and consequently validating its results with production behaviour. Results of the study revealed that the presence of network of fractures and the homogeneity of facies unit would have contributed to significant coning and early water breakthrough beside the poor reservoir management. Well log motif of the N5.2 sand displays a blocky shape, having a gradational upper contact and a sharp lower boundary. This indicates channel sand likely deposited within the beach environment. The sand-body shows high net-to-gross ratio, low volume of shale and excellent porosity and permeability values. Five CT-scanned core sample plugs also show the presence of massive regular and systematically formed vertical fractures. Fracture network presented a naturally fractured reservoir condition which accounted for significant coning due to high vertical permeability resulting in lowering the critical rate and more rapid breakthrough time. These fractures appear to be induced by both regional stress and the high drilling density on the subsurface structure in the field. This finding provides a more predictive insight into coning behaviour and a blueprint for post-breakthrough performance analysis.
Evaluation of the Cuttings Carrying Capacity of a Formulated Synthetic-Based Drilling Mud
Authors: Okon Anietie N. , Agwu Okorie E. , Udoh Francis D.
Published: August 2015

A synthetic-based drilling mud was formulated from derived ester using palm fruit pulp; with primarily focus to evaluate its cuttings carrying potential. The formulated mud was tested for its rheological properties and density. To evaluate its cuttings carrying capacity, the mud was flowed through cuttings bed in a simulated wellbore using 2m (about 6.56ft) long PVC pipe with internal diameter of four inch (4″) inclined at an angle of fifteen degrees (15°) to the horizontal. The results obtained from the flow loop experiment indicate that the formulated mud has a good cuttings carrying capacity with 97% of cuttings transported with hole cleaning potential at a flow rate of 140ft3/min; and the calculated cuttings carrying index (CCI) was 1.35. The results further depict that an increase in the mud's plastic viscosity, yield point and density from 6cp, 10lb/100ft2 and 8.63lb/gal to 17cp, 13lb/100ft2 and 9.50lb/gal resulted in poor cuttings carrying capacity and hole cleaning potential with less CCI value of 0.90. In addition, a sensitivity study of the rheological properties of the formulated mud indicates that with a plastic viscosity (PV) value of 17cp, an effective cuttings carrying capacity and hole cleaning potential was obtained at a flow rate of 180ft3/min. The sensitivity study further reveals that plastic viscosity is the predominant mud's rheological property in evaluating the cuttings carrying index (CCI) of drilling fluid. Therefore, at considerable plastic viscosity, yield point and mud density, the formulated synthetic-based mud exhibits a promising cuttings carrying capacity and hole cleaning potential as a good drilling fluid in drilling operations.
Optimizationof Wax Deposition in Sub-Cooled Pipeline Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Adeyanju Olusiji A. , Oyekunle Layioye O.
Published: August 2015

Key factors affecting wax deposition in sub-cooled pipelines (wall (coolant) temperature (A), inlet oil temperature (B), and the percentage of wax inhibitors in the crude (C), and oil flow rate (D)) were experimental studied using the fabricated flow loop rig designed to simulate the flow of relatively higher temperature crude oil in sub-cooled pipeline.

In an effort to investigate the possibility of minimizing the wax deposits volume in a flow of crude oil in sub-cooled pipeline, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the individual and interactive effects of four variables affecting the wax deposits process using central composite design (CCD). It was observed that for the crude oil samples the experimental data highly fitted to the predicted data because of the predicted R-squares is in reasonable agreement with the adjusted R-square.

In the laminar-turbulent transition flow regimes (2000 < Reynolds number (Re) > 3000), A, B, C, D,AB, AC, BC, A2, B2, and C2 are significant, as their individual P-value were less than 0.05 by each of the term, while AD, BD, CD and D2, are insignificant as their P-values were more than 0.05. While in the laminar flow regime (Re < 2000) the results were similar to that observed in the turbulent flow regime except the flow rate term, (D) which was insignificant (with P-values of more than 0.05) due to insignificant effect of shear dispersion and removal in the laminar flow regime.

In applying the response surface methodology central composite design (RSMCCD) in the Minitab-16 software to minimized wax deposit in crude oil flow in sub-cooled pipeline wax deposits were reduced to 64cm3 in the laminar flow regime and 43cm3 in the laminar-turbulent transition flow region. The small error percentage between the predicted and actual volume of wax deposit (4.68% in the laminar and 4.55% in the laminar-turbulent transition flow regime: indicated that the software models were valid and accurate in representing the actual experimental values and also in predicting the inhibition of wax deposit within the range studied.
The Study of CO2 Flooding and Sequestration in Tight Gas Reservoir: Different Completion Measures
Authors: Dou Xiangji , Liao Xinwei , Wang Huan , Zhao Tianyi , Cheng Zhiming , Ren Weiyan , Zhang Rui
Published: August 2015

Sequestrating CO2 in gas reservoirs can substantially enhance gas recovery and effectively mitigate globe warming problem. As a kind of unconventional reservoirs, tight gas reservoir has been one of main sources of natural gas supply. The objective of this paper is to discuss CO2 sequestration effect for wells with different completion measures in tight gas reservoir.

Based on Sulige gas field, a typical block is selected to investigate CO2 flooding in tight gas reservoir. A compositional numerical model of five-spot pattern is established with a horizontal well in the middle, while 4 vertical wells on the edge. With the model, several CO2 flooding scenarios of horizontal well with different completion measures are studied to investigate the influence of completion measures. Development strategies such as production rate and total gas injection volume are investigated. The improved gas recovery obtained by CO2 flooding for each scenario is quantified by comparing with natural depletion mode.

Different completion measures can be found in tight gas reservoir. The difference in completion can result in different well performance. The results of this study show that the recovery factor of horizontal well with SRV is larger than those of the other two. Some characteristics of tight gas reservoir, such as reservoir permeability stress-sensitivity, non-Darcy flow should be taken into consideration when determine development strategies. Besides the economy benefit obtained by enhanced gas recovery, CO2 flooding can also realize greenhouse gas geological sequestration and thus acquire environmental benefit.

Technical contributions in this paper including (a) investigating the CO2 flooding and sequestration effect for different completion measures in tight gas reservoir; (b) discussing the influence of permeability stress-sensitivity, non-Darcy flow on development strategies determination.
The Effect of Water-based Mud on Borehole Stability of Deeper Formations in Field X
Authors: Akinfolarin Ayodele
Published: August 2015

The migration from water-based drilling fluids in the 1990s to predominately synthetic based drilling fluids in the 2000s by a major operator in the Niger Delta was not predicted on any scientific research on the effects of water based drilling fluids on borehole stability. In spite of this migration, the operator continued to have borehole stability problems in field X. In addition the cost of drilling fluids continued to rise to about 10% of the well cost in field X. Also there has been increasing stringent requirements by the regulators on the use of synthetic based drilling fluids. This paper describes the results of the investigation on the possibility of using water based drilling fluids to drill the deeper sections of wells in field X. The overall intent of the investigation is to reduce the drilling fluid cost and improve the environmental and regulatory performance of the operator. The project methodology consists of two approaches. First is a study of borehole stability problems in the project area. The second method consists of experimental studies of the field X formation samples to determine the mineralogy of the formations. Based on the study, a water-based mud system that could be used to drill these formations was developed. The result of the borehole stability study showed that borehole problems occurred in wells drilled with water based mud and as well as those drilled with pseudo-oil based muds. The experimental studies showed that the highest percentage of the smectites/illite reactive clays in the samples examined was 12%. Use of 7% KCl solution caused a reduction in the shale reactivity by as much as 39.6%. Use of a 9% KCl with 8% base oil water-based fluid led to a very low clay dispersion of 6.5%