bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Method of winch drive permanent magnet inverted motor design
Authors: Sakharov M.V. , Karaulov V.N.
Published: April 2019

Designing a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) of a winch drive needs to take into account the features of this machine. The engine has an inverted design with limited dimensions, is powered by a fre-quency converter, runs at the nominal power frequency and nominal load without using the damping winding and frequency start, and provides the required range of rope winding speeds. There is no specialized engi-neering design methodology for the winch drive PMSM. It is required to make changes and additions to the existing methods of designing synchronous machines when solving the problem of designing a winch drive PMSM. Design and validation calculations were performed in the Mathcad environment based on the tech-nique of designing machines with V.A. Balagurov’s permanent magnets and methods of designing general-purpose industrial synchronous machines with electromagnetic excitation. Field models of PMSM were used for modelling electromechanical processes and thermal status. The developed technique of designing the winch drive permanent magnet inverted motor is different from the known methods and due to this allows accounting for the design features of PMSM in the calculation of the size of the machine, the magnets, the stator core, the choice of electromagnetic loads, the design of the stator winding, the choice of the cooling system and the steel grade of the stator core. The specific requirements of the technical specification are taken into account when calculating the number of poles and the frequency of the supply voltage. A design project of the inverted PMSM of the winch drive has been developed. And the paper presents the design and verification calculations results. The reliability of the results was checked by field modeling of electromechanical processes and the thermal state of the PMSM. The study has solved the problem of no specialized engineering design techniques of the winch drive PMSM. The technique can be used by electromechanical engineers in solving the problem of designing winch drive PMSM as it allows making a design project of the PMSM corresponding to the requirements of the technical specifications and operation feature.
Efficacy and safety of tadalafil in ureteric stent related symptoms: a double blind, prospective, randomised study
Authors: Chauhan Vinod K. , Singla Manish K. , Dumra Anuj , Agarwal Nitin , Bawa Amarpreet S.
Published: April 2019

Background: Is tadalafil effective and safe in ureteric stent related symptoms? The objective of this trial is to study the efficacy and safety of tadalafil and compare it with tamsulosin in relieving ureteric stent related symptoms by using ureteral stent symptom questionnaire.Methods: Total 144 patients with dj stent symptoms were randomized into two groups with 72 patients in each. Group A patients were given tadalafil 5mg and Group B, tamsulosin 0.4mg for 2 weeks. Ureteral stent symptom questionnaire was filled on 7th day and on 21st day after stent insertion. Statistically significant difference between groups was determined by the t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Pearson Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Comparison between quantitative time related variables was done by Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. All the statistical tests were two-sided and were performed at a significance level of α=.05.Results: Tamsulosin was found more effective then tadalafil in decreasing mean urinary index (p=0.004). Tadalafil caused significant decrease in body pain (p=0.006) and improvement in general health index score, work performance and sex score (P value= 0.041, <0.001 and <0.015 respectively) as compared to tamsulosin. Additional problems score improvement and analgesic use were found comparable in 2 groups (p value =0.193, 0.070 respectively). Adverse effect with both the drugs were minimal, mild to moderate and self-limiting.Conclusions: Tadalafil found more effective then Tamsulosin in relieving body pain, sexual symptoms and improving general health and work performance but less effective in improvement of urinary symptoms.
The role of inflammatory reaction in chronic venous disease of the lower limb
Authors: Vagholkar Ketan , Garima Shivangi , Kripalani Yash
Published: April 2019

Chronic venous disease is the problem which is assuming alarming proportions in subjects whose occupation involves prolonged sitting or standing. The exact mechanism by which the venous system gets damaged continues to be a subject of endless research. The role of inflammation is a significant factor in the evolution of chronic venous disease. Awareness of this mechanism can help in both prevention and treatment of this complex vascular disorder. The paper reviews inflammatory mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of chronic venous disease in lower limbs.
Urbanização dependente e colonialidade no Porto Maravilha: o soterramento do passado e do presente pela modernidade do amanhã
Authors: Sandri Anna Carolina Lucca
Published: April 2019

A pesquisa teve como objetivo refletir sobre o projeto Porto Maravilha, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, a partir da ótica da urbanização dependente e da colonialidade, refletindo sobre a influência do capitalismo latino-americano, principalmente por meio da utilização do conceito de superexploração do trabalho proveniente da teoria marxista da dependência, e da colonialidade do saber e do poder. A metodologia utilizada foi a análise de fontes documentais oriunda de estudos técnicos sobre o projeto Porto Maravilha, documentos de organizações da sociedade civil e revisão bibliográfica. O projeto Porto Maravilha ocasionou um processo de espoliação urbana pela priorização de benefícios fiscais para empresas, em detrimento de políticas sociais, e pela remoção dos moradores de baixa renda. A colonialidade é vislumbrada pela maior dotação de recursos no Museu do Amanhã, com prejuízos de investimentos na valorização do patrimônio histórico do Cais do Valongo e do Cemitério dos Pretos Novos.
Acquired Infectious Defect in the Atrioventricular Septum: A Complication of Aortic Valve Endocarditis
Authors: Hosseinsabet Ali , Mohseni-Badalabadi Reza , Forozannia Khalil
Published: April 2019

The abstract not available.
The untapped potential of mixed-methods research approaches for German history education research
Authors: Köster Manuel , Thünemann Holger
Published: April 2019

Despite some pioneering studies, mixed-methods research approaches are uncommon in the German history education community, in contrast to the general increase in mixed-methods research in the educational and social sciences. Conversely, German history education research currently appears
to favour quantitative methods as opposed to qualitative approaches – at least in larger research projects. In this paper, we argue for a more inclusive research approach combining qualitative and quantitative methods. Discussion of a pioneering study from the 1980s (Jeismann et al .,
1987) highlights implementation of this unusual approach to history education research in Germany. To illuminate the added value of such a mixed-methods research approach, we discuss two published German studies that respectively rely on quantitative (Trautwein et al ., 2017) and qualitative
(Köster, 2013) research methods. A mixed-methods approach might have illuminated each study's 'blind spots'.
'One has to take leave as much as possible of one's own standards and values': Improving and measuring historical empathy and perspective reconstruction
Authors: Wilschut Arie , Schiphorst Koen
Published: April 2019

Historical empathy or perspective taking has been a bone of contention in studies on history teaching, and the concept remains ill-defined. This may have been caused by a lack of theoretical reflection, as well as by the application of diverse research methods: a more cognitive or 'rational'
explanation of the concept has often been substantiated by quantitative methods, while the more affective dimension has regularly been explored by qualitative methods. In this contribution, we trace some theoretical backgrounds of 'empathy' in historical theory as well as social psychology.
Then we present a mixed-methods study employing a quantitative standardized measure developed in previous research in Germany and the Netherlands, as well as qualitative measurements. Results suggest that while, on the one hand, the standardized measure proved to be unreliable, both quantitative
and qualitative methods can shed more light on what is going on when students try to take the point of view of historical agents. Based on theory, as well as our explorations, our conclusion is that empathy or perspective taking should be seen as a cognitive operation. We propose to see the
reconstruction of historical perspectives as a specific element of historical explanation, not as a separate concept of 'historical empathy' or 'historical perspective taking'.
Effects of fattening duration on carcass and meat quality traits of Saanen X Hair goat (G1) hybrid male kids fattened in different fattening systems
Authors: Wagh Hacer Tufekci U. , Thombre Mustafa
Published: April 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fattening duration on carcass and meat quality traits of Saanen x Hair Goat (G1) hybrid male kids fattened in intensive, semi-intensive and extensive fattening systems. Two different
slaughter times (120 and 150 days) were applied. Slaughterhouse weights of the kids for 120 and 150-days were measured as 31.22 kg and 31.03 kg in intensive fattening, as 30.08 kg and 27.26 kg in semi-intensive fattening and as 28.69 kg and 28.72 kg
in extensive fattening system respectively. Hot carcass weights were measured as 15.29 kg and 15.98 kg in intensive fattening, as 14.48 kg and 12.85 kg in semi-intensive fattening and as 13.85 kg and 13.8 kg in extensive fattening system
respectively. With regard to meat quality traits of pH24, pH45, water holding capacity, passive water loss and cooking loss, significant differences were not observed between fattening systems and between fattening durations. Warner-Bratzler peak
shear forces decreased with prolonged fattening duration and the greatest marbling score was observed in 150-day intensive fattening system.
Chemical composition, amino acid and fatty acid profiles of Lionfish Pterois volitans from the Alacranes reef, southern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: González Irma Aranda- , Aguilar-Perera Alfonso , Chel-Guerrero Luis , Gallegos-Tintoré Santiago , Betancur-Ancona David
Published: April 2019

The chemical and nutritional composition of fillet from Lionfish Pterois volitans L. captured in “Parque Nacional Arrecife Alacranes (PNNA)” in the Gulf of Mexico were investigated. The average chemical composition in dry weight basis of
fillets was 25.41 % protein, 5.65 % ash, 0.82 % fat and 0.79 % fiber. The moisture in fresh fillet was 77.8 % on average. The fatty acids in greater proportion were SFA, followed by PUFA and MUFA, and with a w-3/w-6 ratio of 2.33. Docosahexaenoic
acid was the most predominant (34.84 %). The most abundant amino acids were phenylalanine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, isoleucine and lysine. Given its nutritionist profile, consumption of lionfish fillet could be a solution to control the invasive
Lionfish population in the Gulf of Mexico.
Effects of negative pressure applied before storage (liquid storage, 17°C) on boar semen quality and fertilization ability
Authors: Jingchun LI. , Qi LI. , Yanbug LI. , Guosheng WEI , Dongbo SUN
Published: April 2019

The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of negative pressure applied before storage on the quality and fertilization ability of boar semen. Boar semen samples were collected and pooled, and diluted with Modena solution
containing 0.4% (w/v) of bovine serum albumin. Negative pressure was applied for 2–5 min using a vacuum pump with a barometer. The pressure applied were 0 (Control), -0.02 MPa (P200), -0.04 MPa (P400), and -0.08 MPa (P800). The sperm motility,
acrosome integrity and sperm fertilizing ability were evaluated. Application of –0.04 MPa improved the sperm motility, acrosome integrity and fertilizing ability, compared with the other groups. The sperm motility and acrosome integrity decreased
with increasing storage time in vitro. After 5 days, the sperm motility and acrosome integrity of the P400 group were all higher than those of the other groups (P less than 0.05). The cleavage rate (64.5% ± 2.4%) and blastocyst development rate
(33.9% ± 2.8%) for semen stored for 7 days were similar to those of fresh semen. In conclusion, application of –0.04 MPa before liquid storage at 17°C can improve the quality and fertilization ability of boar semen.
Productive performance of purebred Thai native black-bone chickens (Chee Fah and Fah Luang) and their crossbreds
Authors: Laenoi W. , Buranawit K.
Published: April 2019

This study was conducted to compare productive performance between purebred Thai indigenous black-bone chickens and their reciprocal crossbreds. Four different genetic groups were studied: 2 purebreds (Chee Fah and Fah Luang) and 2 crossbreds
(Chee Fah ´ Fah Luang and Fah Luang ´ Chee Fah). The results showed that Fah Luang ´ Chee Fah had the significantly highest body weight at birth and 20-week of age, while the lowest values were found in Chee Fah ´ Fah Luang (p less than 0.05). For
feed conversion ratio, Fah Luang ´ Chee Fah had greater potential than purebreds and Chee Fah ´ Fah Luang (p less than 0.05). Additionally, Fah Luang ´ Chee Fah grew faster than the others (p less than 0.05). The productive performance of crossbred
chickens was more favorable than purebreds. Considering crossbreds, Fah Luang ´ Chee Fah showed greater performance than Chee Fah ´ Fah Luang. Therefore, Fah Luang had more potential for using as a sire than Chee Fah.
Studies on linear body measurements of gaolao calves in the breeding tract of Maharashtra
Authors: Wagh R. U. , Thombre B. M. , Shinde A. T.
Published: April 2019

The body measurement and body weight of Gaolao calves at various stages of growth were studied for both male and female at different location in the breeding tract. The idea is to obtain the real picture of the breed in the breeding tract.
The body measurements play an important role in judging calves and often help in predicting probable value of the calves. Body length and height at wither are the measures of bone growth while chest girth is measures of development of muscles, bone
and fat and it has close relationship with the live body weight.
Patho-epidemiological and molecular diagnosis of swine brucellosis in Punjab
Authors: Kaur A. , Mahajan V. , Singh N. D. , Filia G. , Banga H. S. , Leishangthem G. D. , Singh A.
Published: April 2019

Brucellosis is one of the major reproductive tract diseases of swine and causes a huge economic loss to pig farmers. In this study, serological, gross pathological, histopathological, immunohistochemical and Polymerase Chain Reaction
technique(s) have been applied for diagnosis of brucellosis in pig. Seroprevalence studies showed prevalence of brucellosis to be 16.7% by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and 12.5% by competitive ELISA(c-ELISA). In this study, comparison was done
between RBPT and c-ELISA for serological diagnosis of brucellosis which revealed substantial degree of agreement (Kappa= 0.676, 95% CI= 0.372-0.826) between two tests. Histopathological examination revealed focal to diffuse mixed infiltration of
neutrophils or lymphocytesin the fetal organs like lung especially in bronchi and interstitial septa. Lesions in the placenta were characterized by diffuse lympho-mononuclear cell infiltration. Histopathological changes in female reproductive tracts
were characterized by cellular infiltration of the endometrial stroma, endometrial glands and hyperplasia of periglandular connective tissue. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining revealed intracytoplasmic immunostaining of Brucella in bronchial
epithelial cells of lung, endothelial cells in spleen, hepatocytes of liver, cells within the lymph node, kidney of fetus and placenta. In addition, positive immunostaining to Brucella was also seen in lamina propria cells of uterus. By PCR, eight
out of 34 samples (2 from stomach contents, 2 from placental cotyledons and 4 from pooled tissue(s) produced 193 bpsized ampliconspecific for Brucella genus. In the present study, PCR and IHC provide a reliable test for the diagnosis of brucellosis
in abortion cases on aborted fetal tissue and placental cotyledons. However, serology is important for detection of Brucella positive animal in a farm .
Parasites of mithun (Bos frontalis) in North Eastern hilly region of India-A review
Authors: Chamuah J. K. , Raina O. K. , Amenti Amenti
Published: April 2019

Parasitism is a common problem for mithun (Bos frontalis) resulting in production losses in terms of meat and milk. Prevalence of ectoparasites infestation including Rhipicephalus microplus, Ambylomma testuidinarium, Ixodes ovatus and I.
acutitarsus, has been reported based on taxonomic studies and PCR amplification of conserved gene. Different gastrointestinal helminth like Haemonchus contortus, Mecistocirrus digitatus, Trichostrongylus spp., Oesophagostomum spp., Trichuris spp s,
Thelazia species, Strongyloides papillosus, different amphistomes and Fasciola gigantica were also reported from mithun from India. Among filarial worms, Setaria digitata was recorded from peritoneal cavity of mithun and its molecular confirmation
was done based on PCR amplification of marker genes. Tapeworm infestation viz. Moniezia expansa, M. benedeni, hydatid cyst and Cysticercus tenuicollis, were also commonly occurred in mithun. Enteric protozoa like different species of Eimeria,
Cryptospordium species, Balantidium coli, has been diagnosed based on morphological identification sporulated oocysts and developmental stages found on faecal examination. Another obligate intracellular parasites Toxoplasma gondii, was also diagnosed
based on ELISA and modified agglutination test. An integrated approach incorporating deworming, good livestock management and optimum feeding management practice coupled with vaccination programme will make successful parasite control programme in
near future.
Molecular identification and characterization of Trichinella spiralis from a leopard in India
Authors: Nehra Anil Kumar , Ram Hira , Banerjee P. S. , Garg Rajat , Karikalan M. , Ravikumar G.V. P.P. , Sharma Aditi , Sharma A. K. , Singh Raj Kumar
Published: April 2019

TPresent study describes species level identification of Trichinella spiralis of leopard origin from India using multiplex PCR and molecular characterization of the parasite based on sequencing of multiple genetic markers viz. 5S ribosomal
DNA intergenic spacer region (5S ISR), partial mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit (Mt-lsr) and partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) genes. A single amplicons of 173 bp, indicative of T. spiralis was obtained in multiplex PCR.
Further, specific PCR amplifications viz. 750 bp (5S ISR), 445 bp (Mt-lsr) and 850 bp (COI) were obtained for selected genetic markers. Homology search analysis of 5S-ISR, Mt-lsr gene and COI gene showed highest 99.6% identity with sequences
originating from China (KT894074, T. spiralis), 98.6% similarity with T. spiralis China isolates (GU339127, GU339147) and 99.8% sequence homology with T. spiralis sequences originating from Belarus (MH119334), respectively. In the phylogenetic
analysis, sequences of each selected genetic marker clustered together with published T. spiralis isolates only, which further confirmed species level identification of detected larvae as T. spiralis, although very few differences were noted with
reference to relative positions. This is the first study from India, which provide molecular evidence on circulation of T. spiralis in wild animals.
Assessment of Aflatoxin M1 Concentrations During Production and Long Storage of Salted (Tuzlu) Yogurt
Authors: Albay Zehra , Şimşek Bedia
Published: April 2019

In this survey, it was aimed
to determine the concentration of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in
milk during the production and storage of salted (tuzlu) yogurt using High
Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).
Salted (tuzlu) yogurt was produced artificially from contaminated milk with AFM1
at two different levels (0.05 µg/l and 0.1 µg/l). Yogurt and strained yogurt
production caused losses of AFM1 about 65%, 70.25% and 73.75%,
81.12% respectively, in milk contaminated with 0.05 µg/l AFM1, and 0.1 µg/l AFM1. Also, it was determined that the storage process of
the salted (tuzlu) yogurt (90 days) decreases the AFM1 content of
the salted (tuzlu) yogurt by 0.019 and 0.027 µg/l (0.05 µg/l and 0.1 µg/l AFM1
respectively). Difference among dates in storage period was found
to be statistically significant (P<0.01). Salted (tuzlu) yogurt
has long shelf life and high heat processing, and AFM1 is not
completely lost in both levels.
f(R) Gravitasyon Teorisinde Toz Bulutlu Konformal Düz Uzay-Zamanlar
Authors: Taşer Doğukan
Published: April 2019

Bu
çalışmada, toz bulutu bulunan konformal düz uzay-zamanlar f(R) gravitasyon teorisi çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Toz bulutu varlığında
konformal düz uzay-zamanların alan denklemleri ve tam çözümleri herhangi bir yaklaşım
ve kısıtlayıcı metot kullanılmadan elde edilmiştir. f(R) gravitasyon teorisi çerçevesinde konformal düz uzay-zamanların
sabit enerji yoğunluklu toz bulutu varlığına izin verdiği gösterilmiştir.  Teorinin dinamik yapısını karakterize eden f(R) fonksiyonu oluşturulan model için
alan denklemlerinin çözümlerinden elde edilmiştir. Oluşturulan model için elde
edilen f(R) fonksiyonu ile teoride
farklı koşul ve durumları ifade etmek için kullanılan uygulanabilir f(R) fonksiyonları karşılaştırılmıştır.
Metrik potansiyelin radyal koordinata göre değişimi grafik yardımıyla
irdelenmiş ve çözümlerin sınır durumları incelenmiştir. Son olarak, elde edilen
sonuçlar fiziksel ve geometrik açıdan irdelenerek tartışılmıştır.
DIREITOS HUMANOS: DA DEMOCRACIA PARTICIPATIVA À EFICÁCIA DOS DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS
Authors: Pilau Sobrinho Liton Lanes , Frizon Leone , Piucco Micheli
Published: April 2019

O objetivo do presente artigo é tecer considerações acerca da efetivação dos Direitos Fundamentais, através da democracia participativa. Faz-se necessário percorrer as formas de democracia, como a direta, indireta e a participativa, no contexto brasileiro. Assim, para a proteção e guarida dos direitos, se faz necessário que os Direitos Fundamentais tenham eficácia plena. E, somente se atingirá a eficácia dos Direitos Fundamentais, se e somente se a democracia for exercitada, garantindo a participação do cidadão na tomada de decisões do Estado. Desse modo, é através da democracia que o cidadão é inserido no Estado, e a ele é propiciado o direito de se pronunciar. Diante disso, o estudo versará sobre a real eficácia dos Direitos Fundamentais a partir de um ideal de democracia participativa, como forma necessária para alcance desta eficácia na prática. Para a construção do presente trabalho utiliza-se o método indutivo e a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica.
LA IMPLEMENTACIÓN DEL DERECHO HUMANO AL AGUA EN EL DERECHO ARGENTINO. UN ESTUDIO DE CASO.
Authors: Castillo Mariano
Published: April 2019

Se analiza la implementación del derecho humano al agua en la Argentina, a través de un caso de estudio que comprende un área significativa tanto en su aspecto territorial, poblacional, como jurisdiccional. Se comienza recogiendo algunos criterios que aporta la doctrina internacional respecto de la implementación normativa del derecho internacional en el orden interno. Se analiza en torno a ello ciertos ejes centrales en el derecho argentino. Luego se realiza un análisis de la fuente jurídica internacional y la identificación del contenido del derecho a implementar. Se continua con el análisis del reconocimiento del derecho humano en el orden interno, tanto con fundamento normativo como jurisprudencial. Seguidamente se detalla la normativa nacional y la normativa local aplicable al caso de estudio. Se identifican las provisiones específicas de la normativa detallada y de qué manera estas cumplen con la implementación de alguno de los elementos constitutivos del derecho humano al agua en el plano internacional. Se concluye identificando algunas asimetrías o deficiencias en la implementación.
Mutual Information, the Linear Prediction Model, and CELP Voice Codecs
Authors: Gibson Jerry
Published: April 2019

We write the mutual information between an input speech utterance and its reconstruction by a Code-Excited Linear Prediction (CELP) codec in terms of the mutual information between the input speech and the contributions due to the short term predictor, the adaptive codebook, and the fixed codebook. We then show that a recently introduced quantity, the log ratio of entropy powers, can be used to estimate these mutual informations in terms of bits/sample. A key result is that for many common distributions and for Gaussian autoregressive processes, the entropy powers in the ratio can be replaced by the corresponding minimum mean squared errors. We provide examples of estimating CELP codec performance using the new results and compare to the performance of the AMR codec and other CELP codecs. Similar to rate distortion theory, this method only needs the input source model and the appropriate distortion measure.
Experimental Flame Front Characterisation in a Lean Premix Burner Operating with Syngas Simplified Model
Authors: Canepa Edward , Nilberto Alessandro
Published: April 2019

The recent growing attention to energy saving and environmental protection issues has brought to attention the possibility of exploiting syngas from gasification of biomass and coal for the firing of industrial plants included the so called Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ones. In order to improve the knowledge about the employ of syngas in lean premixed turbulent flames, a large scale swirl stabilized gas-turbine burner has been operated with a simplified model of H2 enriched syngas from coal gasification. The experimental campaign has been performed at atmospheric pressure with operating conditions derived from scaling the real gas turbines ones. The results are here reported and consist of OH-PLIF measurements carried out at decreasing air equivalence ratio conditions and are analysed together with the mean aerodynamic characterisation of the burner flowfield in isothermal condition. The OH concentration distributions have been analysed statistically in order to obtain information about the location of the most reactive zones and an algorithm has been applied to the data in order to identify the flame fronts. In addition, the flame front locations have been successively interpreted statistically in order to obtain information about their main features and about their dependence on the air to fuel ratio behaviour.
KAJIAN EKSTRAKSI PEKTIN DARI LIMBAH JERUK RIMAU GERGA LEBONG (JERUK RGL) DAN JERUK KALAMANSI
Authors: Rosalina Yessy , Susanti Laili , Karo Noveriani Br
Published: April 2019

Salah satu tanaman yang potensial dikembangkan di Propinsi Bengkulu adalah buah jeruk Rimau Gerga Lebong (RGL) dan jeruk Kalamansi. Tanaman buah jeruk Gerga Lebong dan jeruk Kalamansi, merupakan salah satu bahan baku industri pengolahan sirup buah. Limbah yang dihasilkan dari industri ini berupa kulit buah dan kulit+daging buah hasil pengepresan sari buah. Limbah tersebut berpotensi sebagai sumber pektin. Pektin adalah suatu komponen serat yang terdapat pada lapisan lamella tengah dan dinding sel primer pada tanaman. Senyawa-senyawa pektin juga berfungsi sebagai bahan perekat antra dinding sel yang satu dan lainnya (Winarno, 1991). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan kajian terhadap rendemen dan mutu pektin yang dihasilkan dari limbah jeruk Gerga Lebong dan jeruk Kalamansi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa rendemen pektin dari limbah Jeruk kalamansi lebih besar dari limbah jeruk Gerga Lebong. Secara berturut-turut rendemen yanga dihasilkan adalah 15,3 % (kulit jeruk kalamansi), 7, 82 % (kulit+daging buah kalamansi), 1,5 % (kulit jeruk Gerga Lebong) dan 0,18 % (kulit+daging buah jeruk Gerga Lebong). Hasil analisa mutu terhadap variabel Galakturonat menunjukan bahwa nilai Galakturonat pada kulit jeruk Kalamansi mempunyai nilai tertinggi yaitu 93,51 %. Analisa terhadap derajat Esterifikasi menunjukan bahwa pektin hasil ekstraksi limbah jeruk Gerga Lebong dan jeruk Kalamansi tergolong pada pektin bermetoksil rendah, dengan nilai derajat esterifikasi pada kisaran 13,77-20,83.
How To Manage Geomagnetic-Field Disturbances in the Northern Auroral Zone To Improve the Accuracy of Magnetic Measurement-While-Drilling Directional Surveys
Authors: Edvardsen I.. , Nyrnes E.. , Johnsen M. G. , Hansen (retired) T. L. , Aarnes I..
Published: April 2019

The auroral zone is the region surrounding the geomagnetic North and South Poles, and it is where the largest and most frequent disturbances in the Earth's magnetic field are experienced. Because geomagnetic disturbances affect the accuracy of magnetic measurement-while-drilling (MWD) directional data, surveying wells in the auroral zone is challenging. Development of industry practices to enable accurate surveying and safe operations in these areas is important.

The objective of this study was to investigate how magnetic disturbances in the auroral zone influence the geomagnetic-field parameters of declination, dip angle, and total magnetic-field intensity. This investigation analyzed the statistical properties of data from 20 land-based magnetic observatories and variometer stations in Scandinavia, Greenland, and Alaska—all located in the auroral zone. The results were used to estimate magnetic-field-disturbance covariations as a function of distance and direction. Additionally, methods to reduce azimuth uncertainty using data from distant monitoring stations were studied.

Uncritical use of data obtained from monitoring stations can result in uncertain azimuth measurements. In cases where data from more than one nearby monitoring station are available, the challenge is often to identify which stations are providing the most-accurate corrections. Important criteria for the selection of monitoring stations are not limited to directions and distances, but also include the location of the ionospheric current relative to the rig location. Procedures and methods for predicting the location of ionospheric currents were tested.

The data sets analyzed in this study contain measured deviations from the quiet mean for periods with low, moderate, and high geomagnetic activity. Station pairs with mutual distances ranging from 150 to 850 km were considered. The general trends of the magnetic data from station pairs located along the east/west direction are more correlated than in the north/south direction, and the differences in magnetic fluctuations between station pairs are lower in the east/west direction than in the north/south direction. This holds true for all distances, directions, and disturbance levels.
Repeated Mechanical Thrombectomy of Recurrent Large Vessel Occlusion: Case Report and Brief Review of the Literature
Authors: Ding Yun-Long , Zhai Ting-Ting , Ma Li , Gu Zhi-Qun , Niu Jia-Li , Liu Yan
Published: April 2019

Background Endovascular mechanical thrombectomy (MT) can significantly improve the prognosis of patients with Large Vessel Occlusion (LVO) stroke. It is still unclear whether it is safe and effective to perform MT again in patients with renal failure and atrial fibrillation (AF) in a short period of time. Case presentation We present the case of a LVO petients with concomitant AF and uremia who was successfully treated by MT for M1 segment occlusion of right middle cerebral artery (MCA) with good outcome. 15 days after the first MT, the patient's stroke recurred, angiography again revealed M1 segment and branch occlusion of right MCA, and repeated MT were performed. The recurrent strokes might attributed to no anticoagulant therapy. In an 4-months follow-up, no further vascular events occurred. Conclusions Repeated MT for recurrent LVO appears safe and effective. In patients with uremia and AF, it might be beneficial to give anticoagulant therapy after careful assessment of the patient's condition, which needs further evidence.
Can Serum Anti-Mullerian Hormone Level and LH / FSH Ratio Be Predictive of Clinical Pregnancy Through Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection - Embryo Transfer?
Authors: Elgun Tugba , Karacan Meric , Sandal Asiye Izem , Irez Tulay
Published: April 2019

Objective: To compare clinical pregnancy rate through ICSI-ET between polycystic ovarian syndrome patients and women with normal ovaries (control group). We also investigated whether serum Anti-Müllerian hormone level or LH/FSH ratio may predict clinical pregnancy rate in both groups.Study Design: In this retrospective study, endocrine/ clinical parameters and cycle characteristics of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (n=32) and women with normal ovaries (n=115) aged <40 years were evaluated.Results: Clinical pregnancy rate in polycystic ovarian syndrome group did not differ from that in the control group (31.3% vs. 32.2%, p>0.05, respectively). The LH/FSH ratio was significantly higher in women who conceived compared to women who did not in the polycystic ovarian syndrome group (0.9 vs. 0.6, respectively, p=0.4). The cut-off value of 0.6 in the LH/FSH ratio predicted clinical pregnancy with a specificity of 76% and a sensitivity of 65% in the polycystic ovarian syndrome group. Anti-Müllerian hormone was significantly higher in women who conceived compared to women who did not in the control group (4.0 ng/mL vs. 2.1 ng/mL, respectively, p=0.4).Conclusion: Polycystic ovarian syndrome patients have a similar clinical pregnancy rate with women having normal ovaries through ICSI-ET. The LH/FSH ratio assessed prior to ovulation induction was significantly higher in pregnant polycystic ovarian syndrome patients compared to polycystic ovarian syndrome patients who did not conceive. Anti-Müllerian hormone level was significantly higher in pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women with normal ovaries.
Enhancement in the Catalytic Activity of Human Salivary Aldehyde Dehydrogenase by Alliin from Garlic: Implications in Aldehyde Toxicity and Oral Health
Authors: Laskar Amaj A. , Danishuddin  , Khan Shaheer H. , Subbarao Naidu , Younus Hina
Published: April 2019

Background:

Lower human salivary aldehyde dehydrogenase (hsALDH) activity increases
the risk of aldehyde mediated pathogenesis including oral cancer. Alliin, the bioactive compound of
garlic, exhibits many beneficial health effects.

Objective:

To study the effect of alliin on hsALDH activity.

Method:

Enzyme kinetics was performed to study the effect of alliin on the activity of hsALDH. Different
biophysical techniques were employed for structural and binding studies. Docking analysis was
done to predict the binding region and the type of binding forces.

Results:

Alliin enhanced the dehydrogenase activity of the enzyme. It slightly reduced the Km and significantly
enhanced the Vmax value. At 1 µM alliin concentration, the initial reaction rate increased by
about two times. Further, it enhanced the hsALDH esterase activity. Biophysical studies indicated a
strong complex formation between the enzyme and alliin (binding constant, Kb: 2.35 ± 0.14 x 103 M-1).
It changes the secondary structure of hsALDH. Molecular docking study indicated that alliin interacts
to the enzyme near the substrate binding region involving some active site residues that are evolutionary
conserved. There was a slight increase in the nucleophilicity of active site cysteine in the presence
of alliin. Ligand efficiency metrics values indicate that alliin is an efficient ligand for the enzyme.

Conclusion:

Alliin activates the catalytic activity of the enzyme. Hence, consumption of alliincontaining
garlic preparations or alliin supplements and use of alliin in pure form may lower aldehyde
related pathogenesis including oral carcinogenesis.
Enhanced Biocatalytic Activity of Recombinant Lipase Immobilized on Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: El-Aziz Abeer M. Abd , Shaker Mohamed A. , Shaaban Mona I.
Published: April 2019

Background:

Bacterial lipases especially Pseudomonas lipases are extensively used for different
biotechnological applications.

Objectives:

With the better understanding and progressive needs for improving its activity in accordance
with the growing market demand, we aimed in this study to improve the recombinant production
and biocatalytic activity of lipases via surface conjugation on gold nanoparticles.

Methods:

The full length coding sequences of lipase gene (lipA), lipase specific foldase gene (lipf) and
dual cassette (lipAf) gene were amplified from the genomic DNA of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14
and cloned into the bacterial expression vector pRSET-B. Recombinant lipases were expressed in
E. coli BL-21 (DE3) pLysS then purified using nickel affinity chromatography and the protein identity
was confirmed using SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. The purified recombinant lipases were
immobilized through surface conjugation with gold nanoparticles and enzymatic activity was
colorimetrically quantified.

Results:

Here, two single expression plasmid systems pRSET-B-lipA and pRSET-B-lipf and one dual
cassette expression plasmid system pRSET-B-lipAf were successfully constructed. The lipolytic activities
of recombinant lipases LipA, Lipf and LipAf were 4870, 426 and 6740 IUmg-1, respectively.
However, upon immobilization of these recombinant lipases on prepared gold nanoparticles (GNPs),
the activities were 7417, 822 and 13035 IUmg-1, for LipA-GNPs, Lipf-GNPs and LipAf-GNPs, respectively.
The activities after immobilization have been increased 1.52 and 1.93 -fold for LipA and LipAf,
respectively.

Conclusion:

The lipolytic activity of recombinant lipases in the bioconjugate was significantly increased
relative to the free recombinant enzyme where immobilization had made the enzyme attain its
optimum performance.
Preparation, Characterization and Prevention of Auto-oxidation of Amorphous Sirolimus by Encapsulation in Polymeric Films Using Hot Melt Extrusion
Authors: Kanaujia Parijat , Poovizhi Ponnammal , Ng Wai Kiong , Tan Reginald B. H.
Published: April 2019

Background:

Sirolimus (SIR) is a macrocyclic lactone antibiotic and used therapeutically as
a potent immunosuppressant for prophylaxis of kidney transplant rejection. The development of an oral
dosage form is challenging because of very poor aqueous solubility (2.6µg/ml). The oral bioavailability
of SIR is only 15-20 % and is affected by food and other drugs. The main reasons for low bioavailability
are intestinal degradation by enzymes especially by cytochrome P4503A4, efflux by P-glycoprotein and
hepatic first-pass metabolism.

Objective:

The main objective was to prepare a mouth dissolving film dosage form of amorphous SIR to
improve dissolution.

Methods:

Crystalline SIR was transformed to its form amorphous by milling for 2 h at room temperature.
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder x-ray diffraction
(PXRD) were used for characterisation. The stability of amorphous SIR was studied at 4°C and
40°C/75% RH. Amorphous SIR was formulated as oral films by melt extrusion with polyvinylpyrrolidone-
vinyl acetate (PVP-VA), Soluplus® and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) as carriers. The films were
characterized for drug content, physical state, dissolution profile and stability at 4°C and 40°C/75% RH.

Results:

The PRXD and DSC confirmed the conversion of crystalline SIR to amorphous form by milling.
The solubility of amorphous SIR was several folds higher than its crystalline form, but amorphous
SIR was highly unstable at all tested temperatures (4° and 40°C). The extruded films exhibited higher
dissolution and stability compared to milled SIR powder alone, but the process of extrusion had some
detrimental effect on the chemical stability of amorphous SIR.

Conclusion:

The film formulations showed a significant improvement in the storage stability of the
amorphous form of SIR and the solubility advantage of the amorphous form was evident in the dissolution
testing. The oral films can potentially improve the bioavailability of SIR by absorption through the
buccal mucosa.
PEG1000 as a Low Melting and Ecofriendly Solvent for Air Oxidative and Catalyst Free 2,4-Disubstitute Quinazoline Synthesis
Authors: Moghadam Ebrahim Saeedian , Ghafary Shahrzad , Amini Mohsen
Published: April 2019

With regard to the importance of quinazoline as a privileged scaffold, herein we report the
synthesis of twenty seven 2,4-disubstitute quinazoline derivatives in a new catalyst free condition. In
the current work, poly ethylene glycol (PEG1000) as an inexpensive, very simple commercially available,
ecofriendly and low melting point solvent was used. Air bubbling, a green oxidant, for oxidation
purpose was also used. This is the first report about using PEG1000 as a solvent simultaneously with
air bubbling as oxidant in quinazoline synthesis. All of the compounds 1-27 were synthesized in high
yield with very simple work up and purification process without using column chromatography. All the
structures were confirmed using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, MS and elemental analysis.
No Correlation between Blood Benzene Levels and Luteinizing Hormone Plasma Values in Outdoor Workers
Authors: Tomei Francesco , Rosati Maria V. , Russo Giovanna L. , Ricci Lidia , Damato Felice M. , Caciari Tiziana , Giubilati Roberto , Casale Teodorico , Pimpinella Bendetta , Marchione Stefania , Nardone Nadia , di Luca Natale Mario , Massoni Francesco , Anzelmo Vincenza , Massimi Roberto , Tomei Gianfranco , Ricci Pasquale , Sacco Carmina , Ricci Serafino
Published: April 2019

Objective:

The purpose of the study is to evaluate whether low-dose exposure to benzene,
an environmental pollutant to which male and female traffic policemen are daily exposed to could
cause alterations in plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) levels.

Methods:

From an initial sample of 1594 workers, we only selected 95 workers of whom study we
knew the values of late-shift benzene and LH hormone. All subjects underwent biological monitoring
(final blood benzene evaluation) and luteinizing hormone dosing. Excluding subjects with the main
confounding factors, the final sample included 76 workers. The normal distribution of the variables
was evaluated using the Kolmogorov - Smirnov test, followed by the logarithmic transformation of the
LH and benzene values. The comparison among means was performed by using the t-test for the independent
samples. The ANOVA test was performed for variables with more than 2 modes (ages and
seniority) and Pearson correlation index between variables in the total sample and after subdivision as
to sex, job, sports activity and smoking. The results were considered significant when p values were
less than 0.05.

Results / Conclusion:

The study did not show a correlation between benzene levels and LH plasma
levels in outdoor workers.
Age-Related Diazinon Toxicity Impact on Blood Glucose, Lipid Profile and Selected Biochemical Indices in Male Rats
Authors: Yousefizadeh Shahnaz , Farkhondeh Tahereh , Samarghandian Saeed
Published: April 2019

Background:

Diabetes and its complications are age-related diseases. Low-grade inflammation plays the main role in the aging processes. Diazinon (DZN), an organophosphate pesticide, has been found to induce metabolic disturbances.

Objective:

The present study was designed to investigate the impact of DZN on age-related changes on inflammatory cells, blood glucose concentration, lipid profile, and liver and kidney function indices in adult and aged rats.

Methods:

Male rats (2 and 16 month old) were orally administrated with DZN (15 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Then the blood was obtained for measuring inflammatory cells, lipid profile, glucose and serum biochemical indices such as liver enzymes, albumin, total protein, creatinine (Cr), urea, and uric acid in the serum of adult and aged male rats.

Results:

DZN increased the blood levels of glucose and the percentage of lymphocytes and also serum levels of TChol, TG, LDL-c, AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, Cr, urea, and uric acid in the adult and aged rats versus the aged matched control rats (p< 0.001). A marked reduction in HDL-c levels, total protein, albumin, and in the percentage of neutrophils were seen in the adult and aged animals exposed to DZN versus the aged matched control rats. DZN also increased the levels of LDL-c and ALT in the aged rats versus adult animals.

Conclusion:

The present study indicated that DZN can cause metabolic disturbance. However, the age-dependent effects of DZN on metabolic indices were not be confirmed by the present data.
Machine Learning Based Predictive Action on Categorical Non-Sequential Data
Authors: S. Pradeep , Kallimani Jagadish S.
Published: April 2019

Background:

With the advent of data analysis and machine learning, there is a growing
impetus of analyzing and generating models on historic data. The data comes in numerous forms
and shapes with an abundance of challenges. The most sorted form of data for analysis is the numerical
data. With the plethora of algorithms and tools it is quite manageable to deal with such data.
Another form of data is of categorical nature, which is subdivided into, ordinal (order wise) and
nominal (number wise). This data can be broadly classified as Sequential and Non-Sequential. Sequential
data analysis is easier to preprocess using algorithms.

Objective:

The challenge of applying machine learning algorithms on categorical data of nonsequential
nature is dealt in this paper.

Methods:

Upon implementing several data analysis algorithms on such data, we end up getting a
biased result, which makes it impossible to generate a reliable predictive model. In this paper, we
will address this problem by walking through a handful of techniques which during our research
helped us in dealing with a large categorical data of non-sequential nature. In subsequent sections,
we will discuss the possible implementable solutions and shortfalls of these techniques.

Results:

The methods are applied to sample datasets available in public domain and the results
with respect to accuracy of classification are satisfactory.

Conclusion:

The best pre-processing technique we observed in our research is one hot encoding,
which facilitates breaking down the categorical features into binary and feeding it into an Algorithm
to predict the outcome. The example that we took is not abstract but it is a real – time production services
dataset, which had many complex variations of categorical features. Our Future work includes
creating a robust model on such data and deploying it into industry standard applications.