bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Orlando and the Politics of (In)Conclusiveness
Authors: Allen Judith
Published: September 2018

In this chapter, Judith Allen explores a politics of inconclusiveness that, she argues, pervades Orlando. Attending to the patterning and gender politics of her chosen sentence, with its evocative lists and rhetorical repetitions, Allen highlights Michel de Montaigne’s influence on Woolf, and ranges from Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory to Gertrude Stein’s lists to examine the effects of Woolf’s refusal to come to a conclusion. With Montaigne’s question ‘Que sais-je?’ in mind, Allen identifies an essayistic, dialogic mode in Orlando resonant with the ‘wildness’ Woolf infused into this book. Allen thereby reveals something about Woolf’s writing that emerges in all the chapters: how it requires keen and active reading practices, asking readers to participate in making meaning, to move nimbly between minute detail and wide horizons of thought and vision, and to read on at least two levels at once.
The Career of Actress Hafsia Herzi: Crossing Borders, Challenging Barriers
Authors: Kealhofer-Kemp Leslie
Published: September 2018

In 2007, Hafsia Herzi broke into the French film industry and gained international attention with her performance in Abdellatif Kechiche’sLa Graine et le mulet/The Secret of the Grain. Since then, Herzi has appeared in more than twenty feature films, and her projects and creative path reflect an overarching desire for mobility and diversity, including a notable global dimension. Consideration of Herzi’s professional trajectory as an example of a specific cinéma-monde path within the French film industry provides a productive way to think about these unique aspects of her career and sheds light on how global film roles (and the actress’s ability to speak French, English, and different dialects of Arabic) have enabled her to overcome the limitations of roles offered to her as a Maghrebi-French actress in France.
Cinema Made in Liège: A ‘Hub’ of Francophone Belgian Filmmaking
Authors: Steele Jamie
Published: September 2018

This chapter considers the development of both ‘regional’ and ‘local’ funds and institutions – such as Wallimage and Pôle Image de Liège - that are designed to support local filmmaking activity and to entice projects to the city and the surrounding areas. This discussion engages with two key strands: (1) the attraction of co-production finance for ‘regional’ or ‘national’ film projects, and (2) the use of Liège as a production base. The first strand will develop the extent to which ‘regional’ film funds and institutions have production ‘knowledge’ on a local level. This is particularly the case for the Dardenne brothers, Bouli Lanners, Joachim Lafosse, Micha Wald, and Lucas Belvaux, whose films are all shot and located in the metropolitan area of Liège and are co-productions with France. The second strand. focuses on ‘runaway’ and minority-Belgian co-productions and considers how Liège has functioned as a key milieu for international co-productions, and how the city’s post-production facilities have been used for films such as De rouille et d’os (Jacques Audiard, 2012).
Public Diplomacy Conceptualised
Authors: Bowman Stephen
Published: September 2018

This chapter outlines the theoretical rationale behind the book’s argument that the Pilgrims Society’s activities during the first half of the twentieth century were a nascent form of public diplomacy and that they contributed to the development of later, more official, public diplomacy organisations like the British Council, the Division of Cultural Relations, and the United States Information Agency. In so doing, this chapter analyses the historical orthodoxies surrounding public diplomacy and offers a definition of the concept that will applied across the rest of the book. The chapter also establishes how concepts of public diplomacy, cultural diplomacy, associational culture, and elite networking intersect and why this intersection is important to the Pilgrims Society.
The Baltic Boundary
Authors: Estera Mrozewicz Anna
Published: September 2018

This chapter focuses on the films whose plots are set in the period following the break-up of the Soviet Union and in which the Baltic Sea undergoes symbolic transformation from a metaphor of liminal space into a space which links the Nordic peripheries of Europe with neighbours on the opposite shores. Rather than being positioned as small nations facing a large and dangerous neighbour, the small Nordic countries now find themselves among equally small neighbours that have (re)emerged in the northern consciousness after the disintegration of the Eastern Bloc. In these pictures (such as Aki Kaurismäki’s Take Care of Your Scarf, Tatjana), Baltic is an expanse of ambivalence, reflecting both fear of and fascination with the newly opened borders and increasing globalisation. Plots structured on the cognitive binary of centre/periphery are examined as baselines for narratives showing various forms of distant neighbourhood. Here, the Nordic subjects are often ousted from the centre position they previously adopted. Filmic devices serve to compress the space in order to accentuate contiguity rather than distance between the Nordic and the Eastern European coasts of the Baltic.
The Beast in White’s Jungle: Manic-Depressive Illness
Authors: Moran Patricia
Published: September 2018

This chapter discusses White’s illness within the context of medical and subjective accounts of bipolar disorder. It opens with a selective overview of White’s life that highlights the key sites of disruption and signs of illness. It then turns to an overview of manic-depressive illness, followed by a more detailed description of the characteristics of manic, depressive and mixed episodes. It ends with a brief comparison of White’s experiences of illness to those of her contemporary Virginia Woolf. This comparison demonstrates not only the diverse expressions of manic-depressive illness but also the different approaches that the writers themselves as well as family members adopted to cope with it.
Introduction
Authors: Ulfsdotter Boel , Rogers Anna Backman
Published: September 2018

The topic of this book, as well as its companion volume, Female Agency and Documentary Strategies: Subjectivities, Identity and Activism, is an internationally focused study of female authorship in relation to the documentary image. Addressed by a group of scholars and practitioners at the forefront of contemporary views on this issue, these two volumes are defined by a collaborative effort to map and report on authorship from a global perspective. Given the widespread interest, and indeed nearly obsessional need, to document ourselves and the world around us in the contemporary moment, this two-volume monograph addresses issues as varied as: How do theory and praxis coalesce (if at all) for female practitioners within documentary image making practices? How do technology and contemporary media shape the strategies that inform female authorship and subjectivity? Has the digital turn brought about any major shifts in terms of female subject formation and activism? Which is the central mode of address currently in the field? Which are the key issues being dealt with? How is female authorship made manifest within a global context? Why is the notion of authorship of sustained relevance and importance to female documentary practitioners? Is female authorship always implicitly or explicitly imbricate with feminist theory?...
Women in the Director’s Chair: The ‘Female Gaze’ in Documentary Film
Authors: French Lisa
Published: September 2018

This essay examines the concept of a ‘female gaze’ in documentary film with a specific consideration of the work, and viewpoints, of women directors. The question asked is whether a film as a creative artefact, as well as if the working opportunities within the film industry, are affected by the fact that the person making the film is biologically female. French concludes that it is indeed so, and that “part of this recognition is due to visible female aesthetic approaches, world, views, and treatments of subjects, themes, and the overall privileging of female subjectivity.”
Speaking About or Speaking Nearby? Documentary Practice and Female Authorship in the Films Of Kim Longinotto
Authors: Murray Rona
Published: September 2018

Kim Longinotto’s films are known for ‘their control of emotion, apparently combining a rallying cry against social oppression while still retaining an effective confessional intimacy’, according to Murray. The author argues that Longinotto’s mode of address through an empathic listening, which emphasises participation with its women subjects rather than a narrative about them, allows for the emotional and moral complexity of women to be fully realised on screen. She concludes that this might be evidence to claim a discernibly ‘female’ style of documentary authorship if asserted with scrutiny and rigour.
The Memories of Belleville Baby: Autofiction as Evidence
Authors: Ulfsdotter Boel
Published: September 2018

The essay studies the impact of autofiction and memory on the requirement that documentary filmmaking is an evidence based practice. Using Mia Engberg’s film Belleville Baby as an example, the author discusses how the film’s narrative and visual form are affected by the ambivalence injected through the use of autofictive references and diary based memories. The author concludes that this is an ultimate example of (female) documentary authorship.
To::For::By::About::With::From:: Towards Solid Women: On (Not) Being Addressed by Tracey Moffatt’s Moodeitj Yorgas
Authors: Mayer Sophie
Published: September 2018

The hybrid nature of Moodeijt Yorgas, which blends talking heads with oral histories presented through dance, music and optically printed effects, effects an imbrication of documentary and experiments through a specifically non-white, queer feminist authorship. The author thus argues that Moffatt’s film presents a challenge to traditional conceptions of the author/auteur, embedded in Euro-Western exceptionalist individualism. “The stakes for the Moodeitj Yorgas project were therefore high: contesting historical erasure, contemporary misrepresentation by settler culture, and … way in in which settler patriarchy had been internalised within Aboriginal communities to devalue women’s law.”
‘Being a Woman Documentary Maker in Taiwan’ – An Interview with Singing Chen and Wuna Wu
Authors: Berry Chris
Published: September 2018

Women documentarists have a strong position in the Taiwanese film industry. They receive commissions from people from all social strata, including local politicians and candidates to the presidential post. Berry’s interview thus focuses on the working conditions and social environment for women filmmakers in Taiwan.
Introduction
Authors: Ulfsdotter Boel , Rogers Anna Backman
Published: September 2018

Given the new techniques and conditions of production, as well as the emerging platforms for sharing contemporary documentary footage, many scholars now agree that the conventional labels – in the form of, by way of example, cinéma-vérité or observational cinema – are at best inadequate, and thus call for reinvention. Now that a new group of documentarists have joined an established community of filmmakers, and a young generation of documentarists working in completely different media has rapidly emerged, it is our contention – taken as the point of inception for this volume – that this pivotal turn or paradigm shift in the production of the documentary image precipitates an urgent need for a scholarly study of the specific relationship between female authorship and the documentary image....
Profession: Documentarist: Underground Documentary Making in Iran
Authors: Merás Lidia
Published: September 2018

Using Profession: Documentarist and its diary-style format as a case study, this essay revolves around the practices, aesthetics and narrative interests of contemporary female documentarists in Iran. Exploring the professional barriers involved in documentary film making in the country today, the author discusses female authorship also in relation to the hard censorship laws, the menace of political retaliations as well as gender discrimination. The extent to which these women documentarists are forced to perform their work as a form of underground activism have widespread repercussions on their practice, and merges the personal with the political.
Nightwood, Baroque Sound and Schrei Performance
Authors: Armond Kate
Published: September 2018

This chapter will argue that many of Nightwood’s most distinctive and enigmatic qualities – its presentation of voice and gesture – can be better understood through a study of Expressionist dramas as they appeared on the post-war German stage. These affinities between Barnes’ writing and Expressionism can be applied to more than the style and structure of her novel – they shed light on her particular view of human identity and her sense of man’s ability to communicate in a post-lapsarian world. The origin of the Schrei Expressionist vocal performance has been traced to the baroque view of man as a creature trapped between a spiritual and a primitively animal nature, an interpretation that is found in many seventeenth-century sources from the Trauerspiel to the philosophy of Blaise Pascal. This tension or split produces the intensity of Expressionist performance and this in turn culminates in the ‘’Schrei’ or scream. I question what happens to our understanding of Nightwood when examined in the context of this style of theatre, and its baroque heritage.
Baroque Bodies: Agency, Expression and Movement
Authors: Armond Kate
Published: September 2018

The focus of this chapter is the human body as it is represented and interpreted in baroque writing and performance. In his 1677 treatise Ethics the philosopher Baruch Spinoza contradicts Cartesian dualism, claiming that matter and spirit are united by one fundamental universal substrate. Between the late 1800s and 1914 the German scientist and philosopher Ernst Haeckel popularised many of Spinoza’s ideas for a modern readership, and Haeckel’s comprehensive exposition of pantheism and monist beliefs underpinned his own aesthetic sense of nature and her forms. My work on the Trauerspiel in earlier chapters suggests a particular preoccupation with the realm of matter, the significance of the human body and soul and a defining relationship between subject and object. Duncan’s theories of dance allow me to further explore these themes and to strengthen my argument by using a completely different combination of modernist art-form and baroque source. My focus will be Spinoza’s definitions of body, spirit, ‘motion-and-rest’, ‘conatus’ and form, and the ways in which the Isadora Duncan assimilated these monist theories in her writing and choreography. Whilst developing arguments from previous chapters, this section reveals a very different kind of gesture and physicality when compared with those of baroque tableau and Schrei performance.
Conclusion
Authors: Armond Kate
Published: September 2018

To examine these particular writers and their work is to see baroque modernism as an aesthetic of human embodiment. That body may fracture, stand transfixed, move with exceptional grace and beauty, or spill over into other bodies, but it remains inextricably bound to the world of matter. In this bias, baroque modernism challenges the ability of the spoken and written word to capture and convey truth and sets itself apart from many examples of early and high modernist innovation. The manifestos of Vorticism, Futurism and Die Brucke had matched bold aims with bold print, as they privileged the printed word, making it a key part of experiment and expression. Marinetti’s visual disruptions of typography and syntax led him to favour nouns at the expense of verbs and adjectives, and he believed that he could convey meaning simply through the scale of his typography and its position on the page.
‘Full of pretty stories’: Fiction in the Lady’s Magazine (1770–1832)
Authors: DiPlacidi Jenny
Published: September 2018

Magazine fiction in eighteenth-century periodical publications such as the Lady’s Magazine has, on the whole, been disparaged as unoriginal, derivative work produced by amateurs. Jenny DiPlacidi’s essay robustly contests these claims by demonstrating how a range of sentimental, Gothic, epistolary and experimental short and serial fiction in the Magazine thematically, tonally and stylistically influenced the novels of canonical figures such as Jane Austen, Frances Burney and Charlotte Smith. Magazine fiction in periodicals such as the Lady’s Magazine (1770–1832) and Lady’s Monthly Museum (1798–1828), DiPlacidi argues, was, in the main, innovative and original. Far from being ephemeral, this fiction was an enduring and significant cultural form, which stylistically and thematically helped to shape the Romantic and domestic novel.
Rethinking Development Interventions: Potential and Challenges of Human Rights Education
Authors: Cislaghi Ben
Published: September 2018

Advocates for new approaches to development have increasingly called for people-led implementations. However, many models have failed, being both weak in the theory framing them, and in the practice that actualised them in the ground. This chapter weaves together theories to analyse critical flaws in how human rights and human development are enacted in the field. It advocates for human rights education interventions that engage people’s imaginative collaborative potential as they aspire toward the common good. Chapter 2 investigates the challenges of integrating human rights, as international instruments, in the local (especially non-western) setting. It is suggested that Human Rights Education (HRE) can play a key role in their contextualisation. The chapter also explores how individual and collective behaviours are influenced by both cognitive and social factors, drawing on two social science theories, cognitive schema theory and social norms theory. Drawing on key literature on gender and power, the last section offers an analysis of the structural conditions that shape what people think to be possible and achievable; that is: their aspirations and capabilities.
Conclusion
Authors: Whiting Matthew
Published: September 2018

This chapter provides a summary of the main arguments and empirical evidence of the book. It re-emphasizes the argument that inclusion drove the process of moderation in a gradual and path dependent process. It also argues that moderation was strategic and involved extensive movement away from revolutionary violence towards working through the existing system and accepting reformism. However, it did not entail core value change or the abandonment of core goals. It provides an assessment of how republicans are pursuing their goal of a united Ireland in a post-peace process era, arguing that republicans have been largely ineffective in their efforts and are instead now relying on exogenous factors to advance their cause. It concludes by considering the implications of Irish republicanism for other cases of separatist conflict and for comparative peace processes. It argues that the pathway to moderation offered here highlights that moderation can occur when internal change within a movement is met with tolerance from the ruling state to allow that movement to politicise without abandoning core goals.
Rakākah and the Petit Quarrel of 1871: Christian Authors and the Competition over Arabic
Authors: Issa Rana
Published: September 2018

This article, written by Rana Issa, sheds light on a fascinating linguistic battle over the correct modes of Arabic expression between two Arab intellectuals – Ahmad Faris al-Shidyāq (1804–87) and Ibrahim al-Yāzijī (1847–1906) in 1871. At its core, the debate is over the ‘correct’ writing style, and whether Arab intellectuals suffered from a rakākah (solecism) in their use of language. Issa places this debate in the context of other linguistic debates prevailing in the nineteenth century – a period in which languages served as vehicles for constructing national identities. She examines the dynamics of Arabic linguistic ideology through the lenses of Arjun Appadurai’s technoscapes and Yasir Suleiman’s history of Arabic in his book The Arabic Language and National Identity. Following from an analysis of the battle over rakākah, Issa highlights that the two sides – al-Shidyāq and al-Yāzijī – represented two competing ideologies regarding Standard Arabic. Whereas for al-Shidyāq, a linguistic error was an aspect of the creative process, for al-Yāzijī, an error cheapened an author’s text and was nothing but a rakākah. Issa demonstrates that the obsession with rakākah reproduced itself in subsequent writings by nahḍa authors, and observes that the ‘protection of the language against rakākah’ was also a central part of the Arab language academies.
Sociolinguistic Change and the Response of Literature
Authors: Lunde Ingunn
Published: September 2018

This chapter presents the major topics and central research questions of the book. It introduces the concept of ‘sociolinguistic change’ and discusses the ways in which contemporary literature can be read as a response to the language situation in post-Soviet Russia. It also outlines the major linguistic issues subject to contestation and debate in post-perestroika Russia and presents a chapter overview of the book.
Languages and Styles of Post-Soviet Russian Prose
Authors: Lunde Ingunn
Published: September 2018

This chapter offers a general overview of post-Soviet literature focusing on its predominant languages and styles, ranging from the literature of Vergangenheitsbewältigung to the literature of glamour. Assessing the plethora of styles and aesthetics in contemporary Russian prose fiction, it is argued that the end of the Soviet era has led to a general linguistic reorientation of post-Soviet writers, and the implications of this reorientation are discussed briefly.
Hieroglyphic Modernisms
Authors: Schotter Jesse
Published: September 2018

In the British Museum, one object attracts more tourists than any other: the Rosetta Stone. The decipherment of the Stone by Jean-François Champollion and the discovery of King Tutankhamun’s tomb in 1922 contributed to creating a worldwide vogue for all things Egyptian. This fascination was shared by early-twentieth-century authors who invoked Egyptian writing to paint a more complicated picture of European interest in non-Western languages. Hieroglyphs can be found everywhere in modernist novels and in discussions of silent film, appearing at moments when writers and theorists seek to understand the similarities or differences between writing and new recording technologies. Hieroglyphic Modernisms explores this conjunction of hieroglyphs and modernist fiction and film, revealing how the challenge of new media spurred a fertile interplay among practitioners of old and new media forms. Showing how novelists and film theorists in the modernist period defined their respective media in relation to each other, the book shifts the focus in modernism from China, poetry, and the avant-garde to Egypt, narrative, and film.
Selection of Appropriate Spatial Resolution for the Meteorological Data for Regional Winter Wheat Potential Productivity Simulation in China Based on WheatGrow Model
Authors: Zhang Xiaohu , Xu Hao , Jiang Li , Zhao Jianqing , Zuo Wenjun , Qiu Xiaolei , Tian Yongchao , Cao Weixing , Zhu Yan
Published: September 2018

The crop model based on physiology and ecology has been widely applied to the simulation of regional potential productivity. By determining the appropriate spatial resolution of meteorological data required for model simulation for different regions, we can reduce the difficulty of acquiring model input data, thereby improving the regional computing efficiency of the model and increasing the model applications. In this study, we investigated the appropriate spatial resolution of meteorological data needed for the regional potential productivity simulation of the WheatGrow model by scale effect index and verify the feasibility of using the landform to obtain the appropriate spatial resolution of meteorological data required by the potential productivity simulation for the winter wheat region of China. The research results indicated that the spatial variation of landforms in the winter wheat region of China is significantly correlated to the spatial variation of multi-year meteorological data. Based on the scale effect index, we can obtain a spatial distribution of appropriate spatial resolution for the meteorological data required for the regional potential productivity simulation of the WheatGrow model for the winter wheat region of China. Moreover, although we can use the spatial heterogeneity of landforms to guide the selection of appropriate spatial resolution for the meteorological data, in the regions where the spatial heterogeneity of the landform is relatively weak or relatively strong over a small range, the method of using a single heterogeneity index derived from semi-variogram cannot well reflect the scale effect of simulation results and needs further improvement.
Evaluating Two Crop Circle Active Canopy Sensors for In-Season Diagnosis of Winter Wheat Nitrogen Status
Authors: Cao Qiang , Miao Yuxin , Shen Jianning , Yuan Fei , Cheng Shanshan , Cui Zhenling
Published: September 2018

Active crop canopy sensors can be used for non-destructive real-time diagnosis of crop nitrogen (N) status and guiding in-season N management. However, limited studies have compared the performances of two commercially available sensors with three different wavebands: Crop Circle ACS-470 (CC-470) and Crop Circle ACS-430 (CC-430). The objective of this study was to evaluate the performances of CC-470 and CC-430 sensors for estimating winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) N status at different measurement heights (40 cm, 70 cm and 100 cm) and growth stages. Results indicated that the canopy reflectance values of CC-470 were more affected by height compared to the CC-430 sensor. The normalized difference red edge (NDRE) and red edge chlorophyll index (CIRE) of CC-430 were stable at the three different measuring heights. The relationships between these indices and the N status indicators were stronger at the Feekes 9–10 stages than the Feekes 6–7 stages for both sensors; however, the CC-430 sensor-based vegetation indices had higher coefficient of determination (R2) values for both stages. It is concluded that the CC-430 sensor is more reliable than CC-470 for winter wheat N status estimation due to its capability of making height-independent measurements. These results demonstrated the importance of considering the influences of height when using active canopy sensors in field measurements.
Mitigation Potential and Yield-Scaled Global Warming Potential of Early-Season Drainage from a Rice Paddy in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Oo Aung Zaw , Sudo Shigeto , Inubushi Kazuyuki , Chellappan Umamageswari , Yamamoto Akinori , Ono Keitsuke , Mano Masayoshi , Hayashida Sachiko , Koothan Vanitha , Osawa Takeshi , Terao Yukio , Palanisamy Jothimani , Palanisamy Elayakumar , Venkatachalam Ravi
Published: September 2018

Water-intensive systems of rice cultivation are facing major challenges to increase rice grain yield under conditions of water scarcity while also reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The adoption of effective irrigation strategies in the paddy rice system is one of the most promising options for mitigating GHG emissions while maintaining high crop yields. To evaluate the effect of different alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation strategies on GHG emissions from paddy rice in dry and wet seasons, a field experiment was conducted at the Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute (TRRI), Aduthurai, Tamil Nadu, India. Four irrigation treatments were included: One-AWD (one early drying period), Two-AWD (two early drying periods), Full-AWD (wetting and drying cycles throughout the rice season), and CF (continuous flooding). Different rice varieties were also tested in the experiment. In this study, we emphasized one factor (irrigation effect) that affects the dependent variable. The results show that early AWD treatments reduced methane (CH4) emissions by 35.7 to 51.5% in dry season and 18.5 to 20.1% in wet season, while full-AWD practice reduced CH4 emissions by 52.8 to 61.4% compared with CF. Full-AWD in dry season not only significantly reduced CH4 emission during that season, it also resulted in the decline of the early season emission in the succeeding wet season. Global warming potential (GWP) and yield-scaled GWP were reduced by early or full season AWD in both rice seasons. The GWP value from nitrous oxide (N2O) was relatively low compared to that from CH4 in both rice seasons. Rice yield was not affected by irrigation treatments although varietal differences in grain and straw yields were observed in both rice seasons. This study demonstrated that early season water managements are also effective in reducing CH4 and total GHG emissions without affecting rice yield.
Effect of Cavity Vacuum Pressure Diminution on Thermal Performance of Triple Vacuum Glazing
Authors: Memon Saim , Farukh Farukh , Kandan Karthikeyan
Published: September 2018

Long-term durability of the vacuum edge seal plays a significant part in retrofitting triple vacuum glazing (TVG) to existing buildings in achieving progress towards a zero-energy building (ZEB) target. Vacuum pressure decrement with respect to time between panes affects the thermal efficiency of TVG. This study reports a 3D finite element model, with validated mathematical methods and comparison, for the assessment of the influence of vacuum pressure diminution on the thermal transmittance (U value) of TVG. The centre-of-pane and total U values of TVG are calculated to be 0.28 Wm−2 K−1 and 0.94 Wm−2 K−1 at the cavity vacuum pressure of 0.001 Pa. The results suggest that a rise in cavity pressure from 0.001 Pa to 100 kPa increases the centre-of-pane and total U values from 0.28 Wm−2 K−1 and 0.94 Wm−2 K−1 to 2.4 Wm−2 K−1 and 2.58 Wm−2 K−1, respectively. The temperature descent on the surfaces of TVG between hot and cold sides increases by decreasing the cavity vacuum pressure from 50 kPa to 0.001 Pa. Nonevaporable getters will maintain the cavity vacuum pressure of 0.001 Pa for over 20 years of life span in the cavity of 10-mm wide edge-sealed triple vacuum glazing, and enable the long-term durability of TVG.
Ultrasonic-Assisted Cutting: A Beneficial Application for Temperature, Torque Reduction, and Cutting Ability Improvement in Deep Drilling of Al-6061
Authors: Chu Ngoc-Hung , Nguyen Van-Du , Do The-Vinh
Published: September 2018

This paper presents an experimental study of the positive effects of vibration-assisted deep drilling of aluminum alloy Al-6061. The four most important evaluation criteria in drilling—machinability, workpiece temperature, torque, and material removal rate—were chosen to be investigated. Holes with a depth-to-diameter ratio of 13 were drilled by high speed steel (HSS) twist drill bits of 3 mm diameter, using both methods of conventional drilling (CD) and ultrasonic-assisted drilling (UAD). Three levels of axial force of 6 kgf, 9 kgf, and 12 kgf were kept constant for each pair of comparison experiments. It was found that workpiece temperature and torque not only changed from one drill to the other, but were also dependent on the hole depth being drilled. Comparisons were made in-pair between CD and UAD under the same axial force and at the same order of hole numbers. The result shows that the material removal rate with UAD was up to 3.5 times higher than that with CD and the average workpiece temperature and torque in UAD were reduced by 3.5 and 6 times, respectively. Moreover, tool life in UAD was observed to increase from 2.5 to 5 times, in terms of number of holes drilled, compared to that in CD.
What Game Narrative Are We Talking About? An Ontological Mapping of the Foundational Canon of Interactive Narrative Forms
Authors: Koenitz Hartmut
Published: September 2018

There have been misunderstandings regarding “narrative” in relation to games, in part due to the lack of a shared understanding of “narrative” and related terms. Instead, many contrasting perspectives exist, and this state of affairs is an impediment for current and future research. To address this challenge, this article moves beyond contrasting definitions, and based on a meta-analysis of foundational publications in game studies and related fields, introduces a two-dimensional mapping along the dimensions of media specificity and user agency. Media specificity describes to what extent medium affects narrative, and user agency concerns how much impact a user has on a narrative. This mapping is a way to visualize different ontological positions on “narrative” in the context of game narrative and other interactive narrative forms. This instrument can represent diverse positions simultaneously, and enables comparison between different perspectives, based on their distance from each other and alignment with the axes. A number of insights from the mapping are discussed that demonstrate the potential for this process as a basis for an improved discourse on the topic.
Impacts of Different Onset Time El Niño Events on Winter Precipitation over South China
Authors: Fan Lingli , Xu Jianjun , Guan Huade
Published: September 2018

Winter precipitation over South China tended to be much higher than normal for the spring El Niño events during 1979–2016. For the spring El Niño events, the meridional and zonal circulations served as a bridge, linking the warmer sea surface temperature (SST) in the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) and South China winter precipitation. This possible physical process can be described as follows: During boreal winter, a positive SST anomaly in the EEP was concurrent with strong anomalous convection activity over South China via anomalous Walker circulation, an anomalous Hadley Cell along 110°–130° E, and a zonal westward teleconnection wave train pattern at 700 hPa in the Northern Hemisphere. In addition, an anomalous pumping effect at 200 hPa contributed to the convective activity. Meanwhile, the western Pacific subtropical high moved southwards and strengthened at 500 hPa, and abnormal southwesterly winds brought plentiful water vapor to South China at 850 hPa. All these factors favored an increase in precipitation over South China. For the summer El Niño events, the aforementioned anomalies were weaker, which resulted in a precipitation close to normal over South China.
Characterization of In Situ Aerosol Optical Properties at Three Observatories in the Central Mediterranean
Authors: Donateo Antonio , Lo Feudo Teresa , Marinoni Angela , Dinoi Adelaide , Avolio Elenio , Merico Eva , Calidonna Claudia Roberta , Contini Daniele , Bonasoni Paolo
Published: September 2018

In this work, results of scattering and backscattering coefficients, scattering Ångström exponent (SAE), single scattering albedo (SSA), and asymmetry parameter (g) of atmospheric aerosols are presented. All these parameters were measured during the month of April 2016 in Southern Italy on three different Global Atmosphere Watch observatories in the Central Mediterranean. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that optical aerosol properties were studied at the same time, even if in a brief intensive measurement campaign, at three sites in the South of Italy. In order to obtain a characteristic value for aerosol optical properties, different kinds of particle sources (i.e., dust, marine, and anthropic) have been identified and studied. In the measurement period, one event of a long-range transport of Saharan dust from Northern Africa was observed at all observatories. During the Saharan dust transport event, a minimum value of the SAE (0.69 ± 0.34) and a relatively higher values of SSA were observed. During the dust event, g increased up to 0.69. Marine aerosol contribution and anthropic/urban aerosol intrusion were analysed. From this analysis, SAE average values were 0.70, 0.84, and 1.22, respectively, for dust, marine, and anthropic particles. On the other hand, the SSA minimum value was 0.86 for anthropic particles, and it increased for dust (0.88) and marine (0.93) aerosols. The asymmetry parameter had a limited variability for the three types of aerosol from 0.62 to 0.58, as reported also in literature.
An Experimental Evaluation of Fault Diagnosis from Imbalanced and Incomplete Data for Smart Semiconductor Manufacturing
Authors: Salem Milad , Taheri Shayan , Yuan Jiann-Shiun
Published: September 2018

The SECOM dataset contains information about a semiconductor production line, entailing the products that failed the in-house test line and their attributes. This dataset, similar to most semiconductor manufacturing data, contains missing values, imbalanced classes, and noisy features. In this work, the challenges of this dataset are met and many different approaches for classification are evaluated to perform fault diagnosis. We present an experimental evaluation that examines 288 combinations of different approaches involving data pruning, data imputation, feature selection, and classification methods, to find the suitable approaches for this task. Furthermore, a novel data imputation approach, namely “In-painting KNN-Imputation” is introduced and is shown to outperform the common data imputation technique. The results show the capability of each classifier, feature selection method, data generation method, and data imputation technique, with a full analysis of their respective parameter optimizations.
Race, Intergenerational Social Mobility and Stressful Life Events
Authors: Assari Shervin
Published: September 2018

Background. Socioeconomic status (SES) has smaller protective effects on the health of African Americans, and the differential association between social mobility and stress may explain the diminished returns of SES for African Americans. Aim. This study tested the race/ethnic differences in the association between upward and downward social mobility and stress in a nationally representative sample of African American and White American adults. Methods. This study included 3570 African Americans and 891 non-Hispanic White Americans from the National Survey of American Life (NSAL), 2003. Race/ethnicity, gender, age, upward and downward social mobility (independent variable, defined as difference between parent and respondent education), and stressful life events (SLE, dependent variable) were measured. Linear regression models were used for data analysis. Results. In the pooled sample that included both races, upward and downward social mobility were both associated with SLE, the net of all covariates. Significant interactions were found between race/ethnicity and social mobility, suggesting a stronger association between social mobility and stress for White Americans than for African Americans. According to race-stratified models, upward and downward social mobility were associated with higher SLE for White Americans but not African Americans. Conclusion. Although upwardly and downwardly mobile White Americans experience more stress than the socially stable White Americans, African Americans do not experience a change in SLE related to their intergenerational social mobility.
Methodology to Identify and Prioritise the Social Aspects to Be Considered in the Design of More Sustainable Residential Buildings—Application to a Developing Country
Authors: Ardda Nisreen , Mateus Ricardo , Bragança Luís
Published: September 2018

The priorities in the design of more sustainable buildings are quite dependent on the specific social context. In developing countries, the sustainability concept and priorities in the residential buildings sector are quite different from the ones of the developed countries, since there are still basic needs to answer. Therefore, this research is aimed at contributing to a better understanding of the concept of social sustainability in the residential building sector of the developing countries. A methodology to define and prioritise the social sustainability indicators is proposed and applied in the context of Palestine. The presented methodology is based on the sustainability indicators of international standards, on the most well know building sustainability assessment methods and in the analysis of their application to a specific context. It includes a methodology to prioritise the list of social indicators, by considering the expectations of two groups of building stakeholders: designers and building users. At the end, this research proposes a framework of social aspects to consider in the design of more sustainable residential buildings in West Bank, Palestine that is composed of twenty-one indicators, distributed among six sustainability categories and ranked according to their weight in the overall of sustainability level.
Fire Resistance of In-Plane Compressed Log-House Timber Walls with Partial Thermal Insulation
Authors: Bedon Chiara , Fragiacomo Massimo
Published: September 2018

This paper presents the full-scale experimental assessment of a log-house timber wall with partial thermal insulation under in-plane compression and exposed to fire on one side. A key aspect of the current design application for log-house systems is represented by geometrical details, like cross-sectional properties of logs (typically characterised by high depth-to-width ratios) and outriggers. The latter provides restraint condition for the examined walls and hence markedly affects their overall load-carrying capacity. As a result, careful consideration should be given to the choice of these details, compared to fully monolithic timber walls (i.e., made from cross-laminated timber), due to the possible occurrence of local structural and/or thermo-mechanical mechanisms. This is the case of exceptional loading conditions like fire load, as the fire resistance of these systems could be affected by a multitude of variables, including the presence (even though limited to few surfaces only) of thermal insulation panels. To this aim, the results of a full-scale furnace test are discussed in the paper for a log-wall with partial thermal insulation, namely thermal insulation applied on the outriggers only, under the effects of EN/ISO standard fire conditions. The results of Finite Element (FE) numerical studies are also reported, to further explore the load-carrying performance of the reference log-house specimen and compare it with the experimental observations. Several thermal insulation configurations are finally numerically investigated, showing their effects on the overall fire resistance of the assembly. In accordance with literature, the test shows that the log house’s timber wall is suitable to obtain a fire resistance of about 60 min under relevant loading. The FE results are in rather close agreement with the temperature measurements within the section of logs, as well as a qualitative correlation with respect to the mechanical behaviour observed in the full-scale furnace experiment. The key role of outriggers and their thermo-mechanical boundaries, finally, is emphasised.
Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Refractory to Second-Generation Androgen Receptor Axis-Targeted Agents: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Kita Yuki , Goto Takayuki , Akamatsu Shusuke , Yamasaki Toshinari , Inoue Takahiro , Ogawa Osamu , Kobayashi Takashi
Published: September 2018

Second-generation androgen receptor axis-targeted (ARAT) agents, namely abiraterone and enzalutamide, enable stronger blockade of the androgen receptor (AR) axis and longer survival of men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, the extent of the improved survival remains insufficient and the majority of patients eventually develop resistance to these novel agents. Some patients develop resistance against ARAT treatment through mechanisms termed “complete AR independence” or “AR indifference”, and no longer require activation of the AR axis. However, a considerable proportion of CRPC patients remain persistently dependent on AR or its downstream signaling pathways. Ligand-independent activation of the AR, an AR axis-dependent mechanism, is mediated by truncated forms of ARs that lack the ligand-binding domain (LBD), arising as products of AR splicing variants or nonsense mutations of AR. Post-translational modifications of ARs can also contribute to ligand-independent transactivation of the AR. Other mechanisms for AR axis activation are mediated by pathways that bypass the AR. Recent studies revealed that the glucocorticoid receptor can upregulate a similar transcription program to that of the AR, thus bypassing the AR. ARAT agents are essentially ineffective for CRPC driven by these AR-independent mechanisms. This review article describes recent efforts to overcome these refractory machineries for the development of next-generation AR axis blockade in CRPC.
UV-Vis Spectroscopy and Chemometrics for the Monitoring of Organosolv Pretreatments
Authors: Beisl Stefan , Binder Mathias , Varmuza Kurt , Miltner Angela , Friedl Anton
Published: September 2018

Lignocellulosic agricultural side products like wheat straw are widely seen as an important contribution to a sustainable future economy. However, the optimization of biorefinery processes, especially the pretreatment step, is crucial for an economically viable biorefinery. The monitoring of this pretreatment process in terms of delignification and the generation of the fermentation inhibitors acetic acid, furfural, and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is essential in order to adapt the process parameters for a desired outcome and an economical operation. However, traditional wet chemistry methods are time-consuming and not suitable for on-line process monitoring. Therefore, UV-Vis spectroscopy in combination with partial least-squares regression was used for the determination of the concentrations of lignin, acetic acid, furfural, and HMF. Five different data blocks with increasing amounts of impurities were investigated to evaluate the influence of the inevitable impurities on the calibration models. Lignin showed a good prediction accuracy with 95% tolerance intervals between ±0.46 to ±1.6 mg/L for concentrations up to 30 mg/L. Also, the other components could be predicted with a sufficient accuracy for on-line process monitoring. A satisfactory calibration can be obtained with 10 to 20 reference samples valid at process temperatures between 160 °C and 180 °C.
School Bag Weight as a Barrier to Active Transport to School among New Zealand Adolescents
Authors: Mandic Sandra , Keller Roman , García Bengoechea Enrique , Moore Antoni , Coppell Kirsten
Published: September 2018

Background: Excessive school bag weight is a barrier to active transport to school (ATS). This study examined parents’ and adolescents’ perceptions of school bag weights and actual school bag weights for adolescents in New Zealand. Methods: Parents (n = 331; 76.7% women) completed a survey. Adolescents (n = 682; age 15.1 ± 1.4 years; 57.3% boys) completed a survey, underwent anthropometry, and had their school bags weighed. Results: Overall, 68.3% of parents perceived that adolescents’ school bags were too heavy to carry to school. This parental perception differed by adolescents’ mode of transport to school (active/motorized/combined: 35.1%/78.4%/68.8%, p < 0.001). Adolescents perceived that their school bags were too heavy to carry to walk (57.8%) or cycle (65.8%) to school. Adolescent perceptions differed by mode of transport to school (for walking (active/motorized/combined): 30.9%/69.2%/55.9% agree, p < 0.001; for cycling: 47.9%/72.8%/67.7%; p < 0.001). Actual school bag weight was, on average, 5.6 ± 2.1 kg. Relative school bag weight (% of body weight) was higher for boys and underweight adolescents compared to their counterparts. Neither absolute nor relative school bag weight differed by mode of transport to school. Conclusions: School bag weight was perceived a barrier to ATS and was a greater perceived barrier among users of motorized versus active transport. Perceptions of school bag weights should be considered in future ATS interventions.