bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Platelet-rich Plasma Injection for Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy: A Prospective Open-label Study
Authors: Scarpone Michael , Rabago David , Snell Edward , Demeo Patrick , Ruppert Kristine , Pritchard Perry , Arbogast Gennie , Wilson John J. , Balzano John F.
Published: March 2013

Objective:

Assess platelet rich plasma (PRP) injection for rotator cuff tendinopathy (RCT).

Design:

Prospective open label study with 1-year follow-up.

Methods:

Participants recruited from an outpatient sports medicine clinic had clinically and magnetic resonance image (MRI)—demonstrated RCT refractory to physical therapy and corticosteroid injection. They received one ultrasound-guided injection of 3.0 mL of 1% xylocaine followed by 3.5 mL of PRP at the lesion and surrounding tendon. Primary outcome: 0—10 visual analog scale (VAS; baseline, 8, 12, and 52 weeks). Secondary outcomes: functional shoulder tests assessing rotator cuff strength and endurance (at baseline and 8 and 12 weeks), MRI severity (1—5 points [at baseline and 4 and 8 weeks]), and patient satisfaction (52 weeks).

Results:

Eighteen participants with 19 assessed shoulders reported VAS pain score improvement from 7.5 ± 0.3 points to 0.5 ± 0.3 points by week 12 and 0.4 ± 0.2 (P = .0001) points at week 52. Functional outcomes significantly improved; the largest effect was seen in the external rotation test: 33.5 ± 5.7 seconds to 62.6 ± 7.2 seconds at week 12 (P = .0001). MRI appearance improved by 1 to 3 points in 16 of 18 assessed shoulders. Seventeen participants were “completely satisfied” (12) or “satisfied” (5). One participant was “unsatisfied.”

Conclusions:

A single ultrasound-guided, intralesional injection of PRP resulted in safe, significant, sustained improvement of pain, function, and MRI outcomes in participants with refractory RCT. Randomized multidisciplinary effectiveness trials that add ultrasound and validated clinical outcome measures are needed to further assess PRP for RCT.
Building a super elongation complex for HIV
Authors: Hill Christopher P , Sundquist Wesley I
Published: March 2013

A better understanding of the host cell protein complex that helps HIV replicate inside cells offers the possibility of new therapeutic targets.
Study of Gel Growth Cobalt (II) Oxalate Crystals as Precursor of Co3O4 Nano Particles
Authors: Prananto Yuniar Ponco , Khunur Mohammad Misbah , Wahyuni Dini Tri , Shobirin Rizky Arief , Nata Yoga Rizky , Riskah Efiria
Published: March 2013

Crystal growth of cobalt (II) oxalate in silica gel at room temperature as precursor of Co3O4 nano particles has been studied. Specifically, this project is focusing on the use of two different reaction tube types toward crystallization of cobalt (II) oxalate in gel. The gel was prepared at pH 5 by reacting sodium metasilicate solution with dilute nitric acid (for U-tube) and oxalic acid (for straight tube), with gelling time of 4 days and crystal growth time of 8 (for straight tube) and 12 (for U-tube) weeks. Result shows that pink crystalline powder was directly formed using straight tube method. The use of different solvents in straight tube method affects crystallization and could delay direct precipitation of the product. In contrast, bigger and better shape of red block crystal was yielded from U-tube method; however, longer growth time was needed. FTIR studies suggest that both growth method produces identical compound of hydrated cobalt (II) oxalate. © 2013 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Comparative Study of Various Preparation Methods of CuO–CeO2 Catalysts for Oxidation of n–Hexane and iso–Octane
Authors: Mishra A. , Tripathi B. D. , Rai A. K. , Prasad R.
Published: March 2013

The complete oxidation of n-Hexane and iso-Octane was studied individually in a fixed bed tubular flow reactor over CuO-CeO2 catalysts synthesized via four different methods namely urea-nitrate combustion method, urea gelation/co-precipitation method, citric acid sol-gel method and co-impregnation method. Laser diffraction was employed in catalysts characterization. The results obtained from the complete conversion of n-Hexane and iso-Octane revealed that the CuO-CeO2 catalysts prepared by urea-nitrate combustion method (UNC) showed the best performance than the catalysts prepared by other methods used in the present investigation. CuO-CeO2 catalysts prepared by UNC method achieve total n-Hexane and iso-Octane conversion to CO2 at lower temperatures of 280 0C and 340 0C respectively due to the larger surface area of the catalysts which increases the specific rate of reaction. © 2013 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
A De Novo Deletion at 16q24.3 Involving ANKRD11 in a Japanese Patient With KBG Syndrome
Authors: Miyatake Satoko , Murakami Akira , Okamoto Nobuhiko , Sakamoto Michiko , Miyake Noriko , Saitsu Hirotomo , Matsumoto Naomichi
Published: March 2013

KBG syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant congenital syndrome comprising developmental delay with various neurological involvements, macrodontia of the upper central incisors, characteristic facial dysmorphism, and skeletal anomalies. ANKRD11 was recently identified as the gene responsible for this syndrome. To date, there have been only five KBG syndrome families described, each carrying a single base substitution or a 1‐ to 14‐bp deletion of this gene. Here, we present a patient with clinically confirmed KBG syndrome carrying a de novo 690‐kb deletion at 16q24.3 involving part of ANKRD11. He had characteristic facial appearance, macrodontia of the upper central incisors, hand anomalies, delayed bone age and intellectual impairment without autistic features. Interestingly, the deleted region overlaps with the critical region for 16q24.3 microdeletion syndrome. We discuss the clinical entities of KBG syndrome and 16q24.3 microdeletion syndrome from a clinical and genetic point of view. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Manganese‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Thiols with Aryl Iodides
Authors: Liu Tsung‐Jui , Yi Chih‐Lun , Chan Chien‐Ching , Lee Chin‐Fa
Published: March 2013

A manganese‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction of thiols with aryl iodides, furnishing aryl thioethers in good to excellent yields has been reported; the system shows good functional group tolerance and enables the sterically demanding aryl iodides to couple with thiols.
Characterization of three loci for homologous gene targeting and transgene expression
Authors: Eyquem Justin , Poirot Laurent , Galetto Roman , Scharenberg Andrew M. , Smith Julianne
Published: March 2013

Integrative gene transfer is widely used for bioproduction, drug screening, and therapeutic applications but usual viral methods lead to random and multicopy insertions, contribute to unstable transgene expression and can disturb endogenous gene expression. Homologous targeting of an expression cassette using rare‐cutting endonucleases is a potential solution; however the number of studied loci remains limited. Furthermore, the behavior and performance of various types of gene cassettes following gene targeting is poorly defined. Here we have evaluated three loci for gene targeting, including one locus compatible with the proposed Safe Harbor criteria for human translational applications. Using optimized conditions for homologous gene targeting, reporter genes under the control of different promoters were efficiently inserted at each locus in both sense and antisense orientations. Sustainable expression was achieved at all three loci without detectable disturbance of flanking gene expression. However, the promoter, the integration locus and the cassette orientation have a strong impact on transgene expression. Finally, single targeted integrations exhibited greatly improved transgene expression stability versus multicopy or random integration. Taken together, our data suggest a potential set of loci for site‐specific transgene integration, suitable for a variety of biotechnological applications. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 2225–2235. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improvement of ethanol productivity and energy efficiency by degradation of inhibitors using recombinant Zymomonas mobilis (pHW20a‐fdh)
Authors: Dong Hong‐Wei , Fan Li‐Qiang , Luo Zichen , Zhong Jian‐Jiang , Ryu Dewey D. Y. , Bao Jie
Published: March 2013

Toxic compounds, such as formic acid, furfural, and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) generated during pretreatment of corn stover (CS) at high temperature and low pH, inhibit growth of Zymomonas mobilis and lower the conversion efficiency of CS to biofuel and other products. The inhibition of toxic compounds is considered as one of the major technical barriers in the lignocellulose bioconversion. In order to detoxify and/or degrade these toxic compounds by the model ethanologenic strain Z. mobilis itself in situ the fermentation medium, we constructed a recombinant Z. mobilis ZM4 (pHW20a‐fdh) strain that is capable of degrading toxic inhibitor, formate. This is accomplished by cloning heterologous formate dehydrogenase gene (fdh) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and by coupling this reaction of NADH regeneration reaction system with furfural and HMF degradation in the recombinant Z. mobilis strain. The NADH regeneration reaction also improved both the energy efficiency and cell physiological activity of the recombinant organism, which were definitely confirmed by the improved cell growth, ethanol yield, and ethanol productivity during fermentation with CS hydrolysate. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110:2395–2404. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Interaction of Isopenicillin N Synthase with Homologated Substrate Analogues δ‐(L‐α‐Aminoadipoyl)‐L‐homocysteinyl‐D‐Xaa Characterised by Protein Crystallography
Authors: Daruzzaman Adam , Clifton Ian J. , Adlington Robert M. , Baldwin Jack E. , Rutledge Peter J.
Published: March 2013

Isopenicillin N synthase (IPNS) converts the linear tripeptide δ‐(L‐α‐aminoadipoyl)‐L‐cysteinyl‐D‐valine (ACV) into bicyclic isopenicillin N (IPN) in the central step in the biosynthesis of penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics. Solution‐phase incubation experiments have shown that IPNS turns over analogues with a diverse range of side chains in the third (valinyl) position of the substrate, but copes less well with changes in the second (cysteinyl) residue. IPNS thus converts the homologated tripeptides δ‐(L‐α‐aminoadipoyl)‐L‐homocysteinyl‐D‐valine (AhCV) and δ‐(L‐α‐aminoadipoyl)‐L‐homocysteinyl‐D‐allylglycine (AhCaG) into monocyclic hydroxy‐lactam products; this suggests that the additional methylene unit in these substrates induces conformational changes that preclude second ring closure after initial lactam formation. To investigate this and solution‐phase results with other tripeptides δ‐(L‐α‐aminoadipoyl)‐L‐homocysteinyl‐D‐Xaa, we have crystallised AhCV and δ‐(L‐α‐aminoadipoyl)‐L‐homocysteinyl‐D‐S‐methylcysteine (AhCmC) with IPNS and solved crystal structures for the resulting complexes. The IPNS:FeII:AhCV complex shows diffuse electron density for several regions of the substrate, revealing considerable conformational freedom within the active site. The substrate is more clearly resolved in the IPNS:FeII:AhCmC complex, by virtue of thioether coordination to iron. AhCmC occupies two distinct conformations, both distorted relative to the natural substrate ACV, in order to accommodate the extra methylene group in the second residue. Attempts to turn these substrates over within crystalline IPNS using hyperbaric oxygenation give rise to product mixtures.
ChemInform Abstract: Synchrotron X‐Ray Powder Diffraction and Electronic Band Structure of α‐ and β‐Cu2ZnSiS4.
Authors: Rosmus Kimberly A. , Brunetta Carl D. , Srnec Matthew N. , Karuppannan Balamurugan , Aitken Jennifer A.
Published: March 2013

Cu2ZnSiS4 is synthesized by solid state reaction of the elements (graphite crucible, 1000 °C, 96 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Structure of Turbostratically Disordered Misfit Layer Compounds [(PbSe)0.99]1[WSe2]1, [(PbSe)1.00]1[MoSe2]1, and [(SnSe)1.03]1[MoSe2]1.
Authors: Smeller Mary M. , Heideman Colby L. , Lin Qiyin , Beekman Matt , Anderson Michael D. , Zschack Paul , Anderson Ian M. , Johnson David C.
Published: March 2013

The title compounds are prepared as thin films using the modulated elemental reactant method and their structures are characterized by synchrotron powder XRD and TEM.
ChemInform Abstract: Ternary Metastable Nitrides ε‐Fe2MN (M: Co, Ni): High‐Pressure, High‐Temperature Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Thermal Stability, and Magnetic Properties.
Authors: Guo Kai , Rau Dieter , Toffoletti Lorenzo , Mueller Carola , Burkhardt Ulrich , Schnelle Walter , Niewa Rainer , Schwarz Ulrich
Published: March 2013

The title compounds are prepared by high‐pressure reaction of ζ‐Fe2N (obtained from Fe and flowing NH3 at 708 K) and Ni or Co powder (15 GPa, 1473 K, 30 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed ortho‐Alkoxylation of Anilides via C—H Activation.
Authors: Jiang Tao‐Shan , Wang Guan‐Wu
Published: March 2013

An improved method is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Diarylamines via Oxidatively Induced C—N Bond Formation at Room Temperature.
Authors: Ilies Laurean , Matsubara Tatsuaki , Nakamura Eiichi
Published: March 2013

A mild and selective process is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Cyanation of α‐Ketiminophosphonates Catalyzed by Cinchona Alkaloids: Enantioselective Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted α‐Aminophosphonic Acid Derivatives from Trisubstituted α‐Aminophosphonates.
Authors: Vicario Javier , Ezpeleta Jose Maria , Palacios Francisco
Published: March 2013

Pyruvonitrile (II) is used as a cyanid source for the asymmetric cyanation of compounds (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed C—H Functionalization Using Guanidine as a Directing Group: ortho‐Arylation and Olefination of Arylguanidines.
Authors: Shao Jiaan , Chen Wenteng , Giulianotti Marc A. , Houghten Richard A. , Yu Yongping
Published: March 2013

In the presence of Pd(O‐Ac)2 and K2S2O8, arylguanidines can be ortho‐arylated with electron‐neutral and electron‐rich arenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Permuting Diels—Alder and Robinson Annulation Stereopatterns.
Authors: Peng Feng , Dai Mingji , Angeles Angie R. , Danishefsky Samuel J.
Published: March 2013

Octalones (V) are obtained by a Diels—Alder reaction of cyclohexenone (I) with dienes (II) followed by a silica‐mediated isomerization of octalones (III) and a subsequent Saegusa oxidation of silylenol (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Dichotomy in Pd‐Catalyzed Acylation of Aryl Chlorides via C—H Bond Functionalization.
Authors: Flores‐Gaspar Areli , Gutierrez‐Bonet Alvaro , Martin Ruben
Published: March 2013

Under conditions A), ether aromatic chlorides of type (I), (VII), and (IX) undergo new, site‐selective intramolecular cyclization to benzocyclobutenones.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of 2,3‐Diaryloxirane‐2,3‐dicarbonitriles from Aroyl Chlorides Using Potassium Hexacyanoferrate(II) as an Eco‐Friendly Cyanide Source.
Authors: Li Zheng , Xu Jun , Niu Pengxian , Liu Chenhui , Yang Jingya
Published: March 2013

The important synthetic intermediates can be prepared within a relatively short time.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Reactions of γ‐Substituted Butenolides Through Direct Vinylogous Conjugate Additions.
Authors: Zhang Wen , Tan Davin , Lee Richmond , Tong Guanghu , Chen Wenchao , Qi Baojian , Huang Kuo‐Wei , Tan Choon‐Hong , Jiang Zhiyong
Published: March 2013

Addition of γ‐substituted butenolides to oxazolidinone enoates in the presence of the chiral urea ATU affords γ,γ‐disubstituted butenolides with excellent enantioselectivity, generally as single diastereomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fluorinated Tricyclic Scaffolds by Intramolecular [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition Reactions.
Authors: Fort Diego A. , Woltering Thomas J. , Nettekoven Matthias , Knust Henner , Bach Thorsten
Published: March 2013

The title reaction using fluorinated alkene substrates allows the access to various tricyclic systems.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Chiral Dihydrobenzofuran Framework via Rh/Pd Catalysis.
Authors: Tsui Gavin Chit , Tsoung Jennifer , Dougan Patrick , Lautens Mark
Published: March 2013

Coupling of the oxabicycle (I) with boronic ester (II) under the catalytic conditions shown followed by ring closure allows a highly enantioselective access to the dihydrobenzofuran (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Single‐Crystal Transistors Based on π‐Extended Heteroheptacene Microribbons
Authors: Yang Yu Seok , Yasuda Takuma , Adachi Chihaya
Published: March 2013

synthesis and electronic structure of title compounds (I) and (II)
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Rearrangement of Indoles to Oxindoles.
Authors: Moran Wesley J. , MacRory Kerry L. , Rodriguez Arantxa
Published: March 2013

An unexpected rearrangement is observed when indole substrates bearing 2‐hydroxymalonate residues are subjected to iodination conditions A).
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Catalytic Enantioselective Vinylogous Aldol Reaction of α‐Branched Enals with Isatins.
Authors: Cassani Carlo , Melchiorre Paolo
Published: March 2013

Prolinol‐catalyzed reaction of isatins with α‐alkylated enals provides a facile, regio‐, and highly enantioselective approach to 3‐hydroxyoxindoles of type (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Alkenylation or 3‐Alkylation of Indole with Propargylic Alcohols: Construction of 3,4‐Dihydrocyclopenta[b]indole and 1,4‐Dihydrocyclopenta[b]indole in the Presence of Different Catalysts.
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhu Yuanxun , Yin Guangwei , Lu Ping , Wang Yanguang
Published: March 2013

TfOH‐mediated coupling of 2‐unsubstituted N‐methylindoles with propargylic alcohols results in formation of 3‐alkenylated indoles which spontaneously undergo cyclization to afford 3,4‐dihydrocyclopentaindoles.
ChemInform Abstract: DABCO and Bu3P Catalyzed [4 + 2] and [3 + 2] Cycloadditions of 3‐Acyl‐2H‐chromen‐ones and Ethyl 2,3‐Butadienoate.
Authors: Wang Ying , Yu Zhi‐Hua , Zheng Hu‐Fei , Shi De‐Qing
Published: March 2013

DABCO‐catalyzed [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction leads to dihydropyran‐fused chromen‐2‐ones (III) detectable only as the E‐isomer.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Pyridinium Salts.
Authors: Ye Zhi‐Shi , Chen Mu‐Wang , Chen Qing‐An , Shi Lei , Duan Ying , Zhou Yong‐Gui
Published: March 2013

Key feature in the preparation of chiral piperidines is the activation of simple pyridines as N‐benzyl‐pyridinium bromides.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh‐Catalyzed Addition of Arylboroxines to Cyclic N‐(Isopropanesulfinyl)ketimines.
Authors: Jung Hyung Hoon , Buesking Andrew W. , Ellman Jonathan A.
Published: March 2013

A wide range of cyclic amine products is available and the sulfinyl group can be smoothly removed.
ChemInform Abstract: Chichibabin‐Type Direct Alkylation of Pyridyl Alcohols with Alkyl Lithium Reagents.
Authors: Jeffrey Jenna L. , Sarpong Richmond
Published: March 2013

The reaction allows a convenient and selective access to C6‐alkylated pyridyl alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Direct C—H Bond Arylation from Aryl Chlorides: A Transition‐Metal‐Free Approach for Facile Access of Phenanthridines.
Authors: Wu Yinuo , Wong Shun Man , Mao Fei , Chan Tek Long , Kwong Fuk Yee
Published: March 2013

Using this method, a wide range of biologically important phenanthridines and related compounds is available.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Annulation of Sulfonylhydrazones with Alkenes.
Authors: Li Guifei , Ding Zhengwei , Xu Bin
Published: March 2013

The title reaction allows a straightforward and efficient access to a number of biologically important 1,2‐dihydrophthalazines.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected C—C Bond Cleavage: A Route to 3,6‐Diarylpyridazines and 6‐Arylpyridazin‐3‐ones from 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds and Methyl Ketones.
Authors: Gao Qinghe , Zhu Yanping , Lian Mi , Liu Meicai , Yuan Jingjing , Yin Guodong , Wu Anxin
Published: March 2013

A new, mild, and efficient method to prepare 3,6‐disubstituted pyridazines and 6‐arylpyridazinones is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Yb(NTf2)3‐Catalyzed [3 + 3] Cycloaddition Between Isatin Ketonitrones and Cyclopropanes to Construct Novel Spiro[tetrahydro‐1,2‐oxazine]oxindoles.
Authors: Yang Hai‐Bin , Shi Min
Published: March 2013

The first example of the intramolecular [3 + 3] cycloaddition of ketone‐derived nitrones (I) and cyclopropanes (II) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Pinacolborane as the Boron Source in Nitrogen‐Directed Borylations of Aromatic N,N‐Dimethylhydrazones.
Authors: Lopez‐Rodriguez Rocio , Ros Abel , Fernandez Rosario , Lassaletta Jose M.
Published: March 2013

Ir2(cod)2(OMe)2 and HYD efficiently promote the ortho‐selective borylation of hydrazones with readily available pinacolborane.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic C—Se Bond Formation under very Mild Conditions for the Two‐Step, One‐Pot Synthesis of Aryl Selenoacetates.
Authors: Grenader Konstantin , Schuepbach Bjoern , Peters Annabell , Kuemmel Oliver , Halter Oliver , Terfort Andreas
Published: March 2013

The reaction uses a palladium catalyst and proceeds under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Metal‐Catalyzed Synthesis of C‐Aryl and C‐Vinyl Glycosides.
Authors: Nicolas Lionel , Angibaud Patrick , Stansfield Ian , Bonnet Pascal , Meerpoel Lieven , Reymond Sebastien , Cossy Janine
Published: March 2013

Cobalt‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of aryl and vinyl Grignard reagents with mannose (I) and galactose (X) is highly diastereoselective to give only the α‐products.
ChemInform Abstract: New Antisense Strategies. Chemical Synthesis of RNA Oligomers
Authors: Yano Junichi , Smyth Gerald E.
Published: March 2013

Review: 132 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Sugar‐Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes: Unique Properties and Interactions with Biological Species
Authors: Anilkumar Parambath , Tackett, Kenneth N. II , Lu Fushen , Luo Pengju G. , Gu Lingrong , Anderson Ankoma , Sun Ya‐Ping
Published: March 2013

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselectivity and Glyconanoparticles
Authors: Thygesen Mikkel B. , Jensen Knud J.
Published: March 2013

Review: 29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in the Synthesis and Applications of C5‐Substituted Pyrimidine Nucleosides and Nucleotides
Authors: Kore Anilkumar R. , Charles Irudaya
Published: March 2013

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of Bisallenes
Authors: Hopf Henning , Markopoulos Georgios
Published: March 2013

Review: 314 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkane Catalytic Functionalization by Carbene or Nitrene Insertion Reactions
Authors: Diaz‐Requejo M. Mar , Caballero Ana , Fructos Manuel R. , Perez Pedro J.
Published: March 2013

Review: 131 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Fluctuations of Magnetic Nanoparticles. Fifty Years After Brown
Authors: Coffey William T. , Kalmykov Yuri P.
Published: March 2013

Review: 253 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Science of the Repeating Disaccharide‐Composed Glycosaminoglycans
Authors: Pomin Vitor H. , Park Younghee
Published: March 2013

Review: 338 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Partial Oxidation of Methane to Nitrogen Free Synthesis Gas Using Air as Oxidant
Authors: Suzuki Toshimitsu , Nakayama Osami , Okamoto Naoya
Published: March 2013

Review: 33 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Aquasomes: A Potential Drug Delivery Carrier
Authors: Gholap Amol D. , Borude Santosh S. , Mahajan Anand M.
Published: March 2013

Review: 29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal—Organic Frameworks and Self‐Assembled Supramolecular Coordination Complexes: Comparing and Contrasting the Design, Synthesis, and Functionality of Metal—Organic Materials
Authors: Cook Timothy R. , Zheng Yao‐Rong , Stang Peter J.
Published: March 2013

Review: 964 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Applications of Metal—Organic Frameworks Materials
Authors: Tella Adedibu C. , Aaron Isaac Y.
Published: March 2013

Review: 18 refs.
Production of Liquid Hydrocarbons with CO2 as Carbon Source based on Reverse Water‐Gas Shift and Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis
Authors: Kaiser Philipp , Unde Rajabhau Bajirao , Kern Christoph , Jess Andreas
Published: March 2013

The substitution of fossil fuels by renewable energy sources is needed to decrease greenhouse gas emissions, especially CO2. Wind and solar power are today considered as attractive alternatives for electric power generation, but are not suitable for providing base load. Thus, efficient storage of electrical energy is inevitable. Liquid hydrocarbons (HCs) exhibit an excellent volumetric energy density and offer various opportunities for storing electric energy. They can be produced by CO2 and renewable H2 (generated by water electrolysis) in a two step process. The first step is generation of syngas by reverse water‐gas shift (RWGS) at elevated temperatures; the second step comprises the production of liquid hydrocarbons by Fischer‐Tropsch (FT) synthesis. The experiments on RWGS with a commercial Ni‐catalyst show that a CO2 conversion of around 80 % can be reached at 800 °C within a very short residence time of less than < 0.1 s. The experiments on FTS with Fe as catalyst and syngas containing different amounts of CO2 indicate that the influence of CO2 on CO conversion and product selectivities (including net CO2 production by water‐gas shift) is insignificant if the inlet partial pressures of H2 and CO are kept constant. If CO is substituted by CO2, less HCs are formed, the water‐gas shift is repressed, and methane selectivity increases.
Use of basic color terms by red–green dichromats. II. Models
Authors: Moreira Humberto , Lillo Julio , Álvaro Leticia , Davies Ian
Published: March 2013

Abstract: In our companion article (Color Res Appl 2013) we compared the use of Basic Color Terms (BCTs) by normal trichromats, protanopes, and deuteranopes in a mapping (which colors are instances of X?) and best exemplar (which is the best X?) tasks. In this article, we describe and compare two alternative models of the mechanisms underlying the use of Basic Color Terms (BCTs) by red–green dichromats and we focus on how well they fit the empirical data described in the companion article. Model A assumes that BCT use is based on the activity of the yellow–blue and lightness channels, whereas Model B also assumes that there is some degree of input from the red–green channel. Model B was more accurate than Model A in predicting: (1) The frequency of use of BCTs. (2) The distribution of correct responses for many BCTs in both tasks. (3) The distribution of correct responses and kind of errors for many BCTs. (4) The locations of the centroids for both tasks. We conclude that activity in a“residual” red–green channel influences the use of BCTs by R‐G dichromats, as well as the activity of the yellow–blue and lightness channels. The asymmetry of errors for some pairs of BCTs and the differences between primary and derived BCTs are also discussed. This article, in combination with its complementary one (Color Res Appl 2013), provides a comprehensive and detailed overview of how R‐G dichromats use BCTs to categorize surface colors and can integrate and explain some of the results and conclusions obtained in earlier research. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 39, 372–386, 2014
Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction using Non‐Titanium Metal Oxides and Sulfides
Authors: Navalón Sergio , Dhakshinamoorthy Amarajothi , Álvaro Mercedes , Garcia Hermenegildo
Published: March 2013

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is by far the most widely used photocatalyst both for the degradation of pollutants and in the field of renewable energies for the production of solar fuels. However, TiO2 has strong limitations in CO2 reduction, particularly under visible light irradiation. The flat‐band potential of electrons in the conduction band of TiO2 is lower than that required for CO2 reduction and, therefore, it seems appropriate to develop and validate materials other than TiO2. In addition, the photoresponse of TiO2 requires photons of wavelengths in the UV range shorter than 380 nm and strategies to implement a visible‐light photoresponse on TiO2 by doping have not been completely satisfactory particularly because of problems in reproducibility and stability of the materials. For these reasons, we focus in this Review on semiconductors other than TiO2 that show photocatalytic activity in CO2 reduction. Attention has been paid to the irradiation conditions to put the productivity data into context. The role of co‐catalyst and heterojunctions to increase the efficiency of charge separation is also discussed. Our aim is to describe the state of the art in the field of photocatalytic CO2 reduction using materials other than TiO2, trying to trigger further research in this area.
Homoleptic Bis(aryl)acenaphthenequinonediimine–CuI Complexes – Synthesis and Characterization of a Family of Compounds with Improved Light‐Gathering Characteristics
Authors: Papanikolaou Panagiotis , Akrivos Pericles D. , Czapik Agnieszka , Wicher Barbara , Gdaniec Maria , Tkachenko Nikolai
Published: March 2013

A group of bis(aryl)acenaphthenequinonediimine (Ar‐BIAN) ligands were synthesized through a modified procedure, which bypasses the need for absolutely dry conditions during the initial template synthesis. The molecular and electronic structure of the corresponding homoleptic [Cu(Ar‐BIAN)2]BF4 complexes were probed by means of a variety of spectroscopic methods. In accord with solution 13C NMR spectra, X‐ray crystallography reveals D2 or approximate D2 symmetry for the [Cu(p‐Cl‐BIAN)2]+ and [Cu(p‐Me‐BIAN)2]+ cations and noncrystallographic C2 symmetry for the [Cu(o‐Ph‐BIAN)2]+ cation. The structures of the p‐Cl‐, p‐Me, and o‐Ph‐BIAN complexes agree with the presence of ligands in their neutral form according to the lengths of the relevant C–C and C=N bonds of the organic skeleton. The concerted stereo–electronic effects of the substituents on the aryl rings affect the electron donor/acceptor capacities of the ligands and the structures of the complexes, as the study of the visible absorption spectra of the complexes indicates. The spectra of the complexes are dominated by intense and broad metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) bands that enter the near‐infrared (NIR) region. Additionally, electrochemical studies undertaken reveal several successive electron capture and release processes, which further manifest the redox versatility of the ligands.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes Functioning as Monoligating Clamps
Authors: Teci Matthieu , Brenner Eric , Matt Dominique , Toupet Loïc
Published: March 2013

Benzimidazolium salts N,N′‐disubstituted with 9‐alkylfluorenyl groups (3a–e, alkyl = methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, benzyl) have been synthesised in high yields in three steps from o‐phenylenediamine. This amine was treated with fluorenone in the presence of TiCl4 and tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) to form N,N′‐bis(9H‐fluoren‐9‐ylidene)benzene‐1,2‐diamine (1) in 91 % yield. Diamines 2a–e were then obtained in yields superior or equal to 77 % by reacting diimine 1 with the appropriate organolithium reagent. In the final step, diamines 2a–e were treated with ethylorthoformate under acidic conditions to afford benzimidazolium salts 3a–e. These were readily converted into the PEPPSI palladium complexes 4a–e (PEPPSI = pyridine‐enhanced precatalyst preparation stabilisation and initiation). NMR and X‐ray diffraction studies revealed that the flat fluorenylidene moiety orientates the alkyl groups towards the metal centre and because of its restricted rotational freedom makes the ligand bulkiness time independent. Thus, the metal centre is permanently confined between the two alkyl groups, and thereby forms a monoligating clamp with the carbenic centre. The CH2 groups close to the palladium ion give rise to anagostic C–H···Pd interactions. Catalytic tests revealed that the palladium complexes 4a–e are highly efficient in Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions; their activity is equal or superior to the best PEPPSI catalysts reported to date.
Development of a ligase detection reaction/CGE method using a LIF dual‐channel detection system for direct identification of allelic composition of mutated DNA in a mixed population of excess wild‐type DNA
Authors: Hamada Mariko , Shimase Koji , Noda Keiichi , Tsukagoshi Kazuhiko , Hashimoto Masahiko
Published: March 2013

We developed an inexpensive LIF dual‐channel detection system and applied it to a ligase detection reaction (LDR)/CGE method to identify the allelic composition of low‐abundance point mutations in a large excess of wild‐type DNA in a single reaction with a high degree of certainty. Ligation was performed in a tube with a nonlabeled common primer and multiplex discriminating primers, each labeled with a different standard fluorophore. The discriminating primers were directed against three mutant variations in codon 12 of the K‐ras oncogene that have a high diagnostic value for colorectal cancer. LDR products generated from a particular K‐ras mutation through successful ligation events were separated from remaining discriminating primers by CGE, followed by LIF detection using the new system, which consists of two photomultiplier tubes, each with a unique optical filter. Each fluorophore label conjugated to the corresponding LDR product produced a distinct fluorescence signal intensity ratio from the two detection channels, allowing spectral discrimination of the three labels. The ability of this system to detect point mutations in a wild‐type sequence‐dominated population, and to disclose their allelic composition, was thus demonstrated successfully.
Preparation and characterization of a polystyrene/bovine serum albumin nanoparticle‐coated capillary for chiral separation using open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Wang Dongmei , Song Xiaojiao , Duan Yin , Xu Liang , Zhou Jing , Duan Hongquan
Published: March 2013

Polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles coated by BSA, hereafter denoted as PS/BSA, were prepared and chemically immobilized for the first time onto a capillary inner wall for open‐tubular CEC (OTCEC). EOF and scanning electron micrography were used to characterize the prepared nanoparticle‐coated capillaries. To investigate the performance of the prepared columns in OTCEC, chiral separation of d,l‐tryptophan (dl‐Trp) was performed in monolayer BSA‐modified capillary and PS/BSA nanoparticle‐coated columns. The results indicated that the nanoparticle‐modified column afforded a higher resolution compared with the monolayer type. Rapid enantioseparation of dl‐Trp (within 3 min) was achieved with the PS/BSA‐immobilized column using an electroosmotic pump‐assisted CEC. Enantiomer separations of other compounds like dl‐tyrosine and warfarin were also achieved with the column. Besides, run‐to‐run and column‐to‐column repeatabilities of the PS/BSA‐coated column in the chiral separation were systematically introduced.
Simultaneous determination of diclofenac and its common counter‐ions in less than 1 minute using capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection
Authors: Cunha Rafael R. , Gimenes Denise T. , Munoz Rodrigo A. A. , do Lago Claudimir L. , Richter Eduardo M.
Published: March 2013

This paper presents a method for fast and simultaneous determination of diclofenac (DCF) and its common counter‐ions (potassium, sodium, and diethylammonium) using CE with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE‐C4D). On the basis of a single electropherogram (about 50 s), the proposed method allows the determination of the stoichiometry, absolute quantification and evaluation of the degradation degree of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (DCF). A linear working range from 100 to 500 μmol/L was obtained for all analytes in an equimolar TRIS/TAPS (10 mmol/L) solution as the background electrolyte as well as adequate LOD (7, 6, 7, and 10 μmol/L for K+, Na+, diethylammonium, and DCF, respectively). The proposed method was applied to the analysis of pharmaceutical formulations (tablets and spray form) with similar results to those achieved by HPLC (DCF) or flame photometry (K and Na) at a 95% confidence level.
Transforming Silo‐Steering Into a Performance Governance System: The Case of the Finnish Central Government
Authors: Uusikylä Petri
Published: March 2013

This chapter discusses efforts by the Finnish central government to reform its approach to governing and service delivery through the implementation of performance management in various forms. In this context, the implementation and utilization of performance evaluation has been fragmented and narrow, resulting in limited use of evaluative data in policy development and service improvement. The author argues that the performance‐governance model offers a framework for approaching performance management through the lens of the democratic government and even to support the use of theory‐of‐change strategies to assess government's contribution to desirable societal changes. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Rethinking the Relationship Among Monitoring, Evaluation, and Results‐Based Management: Observations From Canada
Authors: Lahey Robert , Nielsen Steffen Bohni
Published: March 2013

This chapter outlines the development of performance monitoring and program evaluation at the federal level of the government of Canada. This approach stands out, as it has had a dual emphasis on both monitoring and evaluation as complementary forms of knowledge production. However, throughout its history emphases on management and accountability have shifted. The authors argue that to fulfill its potential to support results‐based management the Canadian government must adopt a more stable, balanced, and strategic approach to both performance monitoring and program evaluation. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Managing for Results in the U.S. Not‐for‐Profit Sector: Applying Complementary Approaches of Knowledge Production at the Center for Employment Opportunities
Authors: Dudding Brad , Nielsen Steffen Bohni
Published: March 2013

This chapter investigates the case of the Center for Employment Opportunities (CEO), a not‐for‐profit organization dedicated to providing immediate and comprehensive employment services to persons with criminal convictions. CEO prepares returning prisoners for the workforce with strong employment‐retention outcomes and proven impacts (in a randomized control trial by MDRC) showing significant reduction in recidivism. In this chapter the authors survey how CEO manages its performance through the use of both performance measurement and monitoring and evaluation. Also, the authors argue that performance measurement and evaluation must be seen as complementary forms of knowledge production and that both need to be integral to performance management. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Novel tandem germline RET proto‐oncogene mutations in a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B: Report of a case and a literature review of tandem RET mutations with in silico analysis
Authors: Nakao Kanako–Tanase , Usui Takeshi , Ikeda Mayumi , Mori Yusuke , Yamamoto Tetsuro , Kawashima Sachiko–Tsukamoto , Nanba Kazutaka , Yuno Akiko , Tamanaha Tamiko , Tagami Tetsuya , Naruse Mitsuhide , Asato Ryo , Shimatsu Akira
Published: March 2013

Background

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN2B) is the rarest and most aggressive form of MEN2. MEN2B cases usually carry either an M918T or A883T mutation of the RET, but to date, there are 3 atypical MEN2B caused by tandem mutations.

Methods and Results

A 32‐year‐old woman with no family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) presented with a neck tumor and multiple mucosal nodules. She was diagnosed with MEN2B. Genetic analyses of RET revealed that she had 2 mutations, Q781R and V804M. Subclone and genetic analyses revealed that Q781R was on the paternal allele and V804M was a de novo. In silico analysis of the tandem mutations showed a high prediction score.

Conclusions

We describe a novel combination of tandem RET mutations (Q781R/V804M) in a MEN2B‐like patient. In silico analysis showed a high prediction score, which was compatible with the clinical phenotype in the present case. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 35: E363–E368, 2013
Intervention Effects on Morning and Stimulated Cortisol Responses among Toddlers in Foster Care
Authors: Nelson Elizabeth M. , Spieker Susan J.
Published: March 2013

Toddlers in child welfare often have a dysregulated stress response. We tested whether toddlers with caregivers randomized to a 10‐week attachment‐based intervention, Promoting First Relationships (PFR; J.F. Kelly, D. Sandoval, T.G. Zuckerman, & K. Buehlman, 2008) would show postintervention change in stimulated salivary cortisol patterns during a research home visit involving a separation–reunion procedure, as compared to a condition including child development and resource advice, but no attachment strategies. At baseline and postintervention, toddlers with a caregiver change within 7 weeks of enrollment (n = 48, age 10–25 months) provided four saliva samples during a 1½hr research visit, and samples the next morning. The categorical dependent variable was the pattern of cortisol activity during the course of the postintervention research visit: flat, decreasing, or increasing. Multinomial logistic regression was used to test for postintervention group differences in cortisol patterns, controlling for time of day, child's age, morning cortisol level, and baseline cortisol pattern. At baseline and postintervention, 92% of children demonstrated atypically low morning cortisol (<.21 ig/dL); postintervention, flat, decreasing, and increasing patterns were exhibited by 70, 15, and 15% of the sample, respectively. Significantly more children in the PFR condition showed an increasing pattern. This may signal an intervention effect on separation‐based stress response physiology.
Effect of Magnesium—Aluminum Hydroxide and Kaolin—Pectin on Absorption of Digoxin from Tablets and Capsules
Authors: ALLEN MARCIA DIVOLL , GREENBLATT DAVID J. , HARMATZ JEROLD S. , SMITH THOMAS W.
Published: March 2013

Abstract: Twelve healthy fasting volunteers received two 0.2‐mg digoxin capsules or tablets with 60 ml water, 60 ml Maalox, or 60 ml Kaopectate in a randomized, single‐dose, six‐way crossover study. Concentrations of digoxin in multiple plasma samples and in all urine collected during the 24 hours after each dose were determined by radioimmunoassay. Compared to the water treatment, administration of both tablets and capsules with Maalox or Kaopectate reduced the peak digoxin plasma concentrations but did not significantly influence the time of peak concentration. Neither Maalox nor Kaopectate influenced the area under the 24‐hour plasma concentration—time curve for either tablets or capsules. However, 24‐hour urinary recovery of digoxin from tablets tended to be reduced by Maalox and Kaopectate; this was not the case with capsules. Digoxin capsules may have an advantage over currently available tablets in clinical situations requiring digoxin coadministration with nonabsorbable gastrointestinal preparations.
Viloxazine and the Depressed Schizophrenic—Methodological Issues
Authors: KURLAND ALBERT A. , NAGARAJU ARRAMRAJU
Published: March 2013

Abstract: A pilot study of a small group of schizophrenic patients manifesting symptoms of a depressive nature was treated in a double‐blind study in which viloxazine or a placebo was administered in combination with either chlorpromazine or haloperidol. There appeared to be no difference between the viloxazine‐treated group and the placebo‐treated group, although the study raised some question as to the adequacies of the dosage utilized since there was an absence of any apparent side effects. In view of these issues concerning the clinical merit of the combination, this obviously requires further investigation.
A Comparison of Dopamine Receptor Blocking Assay with Plasma Drug Levels of Haloperidol in Schizophrenic Patients
Authors: KURLAND ALBERT A. , NAGARAJU ARRAMRAJU , HANLON THOMAS E. , WILKINSON EDWINA H. , NG KUNG‐TAT
Published: March 2013

Abstract: A comparison of a chemical analytic technique (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) with that of the dopamine receptor blocking assay in a study involving seven schizophrenic patients being administered a fixed dosage of haloperidol (20 mg) demonstrated a high degree of correspondence in the quantification of the plasma levels of the neuroleptic.
Cortisol Measurements in Patients Receiving Oral Corticosteroid Replacement Treatment
Authors: LEVIN JOSEPH , ZUMOFF BARNETT , KREAM JACOB , FUKUSHIMA DAVID K.
Published: March 2013

Abstract: Eight women receiving corticosteroid replacement in the form of 50 mg cortisone acetate or 40 or 50 mg cortisol orally daily were studied. The cortisol “urinary production rate” and “blood production rate” measurements suggested that the steroid was rapidly metabolized in the gut or in the first passage through the liver. The 24‐hour mean plasma cortisol concentration obtained from blood samples drawn every 20 minutes over a 24‐hour period and the “blood production rate” were close to the values in normal women. However, since the normal 24‐hour plasma cortisol concentration profile could not easily be reproduced and this may be relevant for optimal physiologic function, the patient's clinical status will continue to be the main guide to the choice of the appropriate replacement dose.
Postsurgical Pain: Zomepirac Sodium, Propoxyphene/‐Acetaminophen Combination, and Placebo
Authors: HONIG STEPHEN , MURRAY KATHLEEN A.
Published: March 2013

Abstract: Zomepirac sodium, a new, nonnarcotic analgesic agent, was compared with the combination of propoxyphene/acetaminophen in a placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, single‐dose study in 196 hospitalized postsurgical patients with pain severe enough to require a prescription analgesic. Patients received 100 mg zomepirac sodium, 50 mg zomepirac sodium, 100 mg propoxyphene napsylate with 650 mg acetaminophen, or placebo. Total pain relief during the 6‐hour observation period showed that 100 mg zomepirac sodium was significantly more effective than the propoxyphene combination. All active drugs were superior to placebo. Percentages of patients requiring remedication before the end of the study were: 77 per cent for placebo, 48 per cent for propoxyphene/acetaminophen, 43 per cent for 50 mg zomepirac sodium, and 29 per cent for 100 mg zomepirac sodium. The numbers of patients reporting side effects were not significantly different among the treatment groups. These results confirm those of other single‐dose pain studies which showed 100 mg zomepirac sodium significantly more efficacious than the propoxyphene/acetaminophen combination.
Influence of Kaolin—Pectin Suspension on Steady‐State Plasma Digoxin Levels
Authors: ALBERT K. S. , ELLIOTT W. J. , ABBOTT R. D. , GILBERTSON T. J. , DATA J. L.
Published: March 2013

Abstract: The effect of a kaolin—pectin antidiarrheal mixture on steady‐state plasma levels of orally administered digoxin in subjects receiving chronic digoxin therapy was evaluated when the antidiarrheal and the cardiac glycoside were given concomitantly and when two doses of antidiarrheal were given, one 2 hours before and the other 2 hours after digoxin. Although simultaneous administration of both products decreased peak digoxin levels by 36 per cent, 24‐hour areas under the curve were reduced by only 15 per cent, indicative of a slight decrease in digoxin bioavailability. In contrast, when their times of administration were separated by 2 hours, no evidence of a drug interaction was noted. Hence, the effect of one or two doses of kaolin—pectin suspension on steady‐state plasma levels of digoxin appears inconsequential in patients on chronic oral digoxin therapy. Saliva levels were poorly correlated with plasma levels, presumably because of complexation in the oral cavity.