bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Técnicas de entrevista em casos de abuso sexual infantojuvenil: uma revisão sistemática.
Authors: MORETE VIVIAN SENEGALIA , GALLO ALEX EDUARDO , DA ROCHA GIOVANA VELOSO MUNHOZ
Published: March 2020

Neste artigo apresenta-se uma revisão sistemática da produção científica empírica sobre técnicas de entrevista para investigação de abuso sexual infantojuvenil. Foram feitas buscas sobre o tema em sete bases de dados eletrônicas e recuperados 54 títulos entre artigos, teses e dissertações. Observou-se a existência de um contínuo de risco, em que as questões abertas são as que menos geraram contradições e mais favoreceram a descrição da suposta situação abusiva e as questões múltipla-escolha e sugestivas as que menos contribuíram com a fidedignidade dos relatos. Discutiu-se sobre o uso de protocolos de entrevistas, de entrevistas não estruturadas, de recursos adicionais às entrevistas, do estabelecimento de rapport e outros. Ao final foram delineadas direções para investigação científica.
Grupo vivencial de sonhos na Psicologia Analítica como metodologia de trabalho em saúde mental
Authors: Santos Jéssica Caroline dos , Serbena Carlos Augusto
Published: March 2020

Este estudo visa analisar e descrever teoricamente o trabalho com grupos vivenciais de sonhos na perspectiva da Psicologia Analítica. Essa interface prediz uma intervenção que supera a prática psicológica tradicional focada no indivíduo, e assim, esta pesquisa resultou na descrição do desenvolvimento do método grupal e vivencial com sonhos. A partir da pesquisa bibliográfica apresentada pelos principais autores dessa área como: Freitas, Gallbach, Mendes, Silva, Parisi, Yalom, Zimerman entre outros. Por meio da experiência destes autores, foi possível identificar que a dinâmica dos grupos fomentou a construção de uma identidade grupal, no qual os participantes sentem-se acolhidos para expressar os sonhos por meio de técnicas expressivas empregadas e realizando associações e amplificações pessoais e arquetípicas. Os grupos vivenciais, desta forma apresentam-se como uma importante ferramenta de intervenção e possibilidade terapêutica transformadora, principalmente quando comparado às novas metodologias empregadas na área saúde. Assim, o grupo torna-se um instrumento terapêutico para o desenvolvimento psicológico por meio do processo grupal numa perspectiva de acolhimento, compartilhamento e aceitação incondicional entre os participantes. Este método mostrou-se ser adaptável conforme o contexto em que será aplicado, perfil dos membros e objetivos selecionados.
Imagens sociais de adolescentes institucionalizados: uma reflexão téorica sobre concepções e estigmas
Authors: Machado Mônica Sperb , Scott Juliano Beck , Siqueira Aline Cardoso
Published: March 2020

Concepções sociais negativas historicamente construídas circundam o contexto de crianças e adolescentes institucionalizados, apesar dos avanços na legislação brasileira de proteção destes sujeitos. Este trabalho apresenta uma perspectiva histórica sobre a proteção à infância e adolescência em situação de acolhimento no Brasil. Então, estudos empíricos realizados no contexto brasileiro são discutidos, a fim de evidenciar as imagens sociais atribuídas aos adolescentes acolhidos. A constatação de fatores de risco aos adolescentes acolhidos, nos níveis individual, social e emocional, possibilita identificar imagens sociais predominantemente negativas. Aponta-se à necessidade de aproximação entre a legislação e a realidade desses adolescentes, além de fomentar estudos que indiquem diretrizes para melhorias nas instituições, qualificação dos profissionais e que auxiliem a desmistificar ideias pré-concebidas endereçadas ao público.
Enrique Varela
Authors: Casado Martínez Carlos , Albadalejo Carlos
Published: March 2020

Enrique Varela, director de Tecnología Accesible de la Fundación ONCE, nos habla de su visión de la accesibilidad, los retos presentes y futuros en la materia y de las posibilidades al alcance de los desarrolladores.
La evolución tecnológica de los terminales móviles hacia la Web 2.0
Authors: Mosaic
Published: March 2020

Un terminal móvil es un dispositivo de entrada y de salida de datos conectado a un procesador central al que está subordinado, y que tal dispositivo pueda ser movido. En este trabajo se evaluará la situación actual de los terminales móviles, desde el punto de vista tecnológico, y la evolución que creemos deben hacer para que los usuarios podamos disfrutar de los nuevos contenidos que ofrece la web 2.0.

A medida que pasa el tiempo, la necesidad de poder acceder a Internet desde cualquier punto del planeta y en qualquier momento se hace más la tente. Esta necesidad lleva implícita toda una série de cambios tecnológicos importantes con el fin de ofrecernos acceso a la red e interacción con calidad y comodidad.
Portafolios en línea III
Authors: Paz Zé
Published: March 2020

Para los que se dedican a las artes visuales, los portafolios en línea se han convertido en una herramienta indispensable para darse a conocer. Esta serie de artículos recoge una encuesta realizada a tres de estos artistas: Núria Aparicio, Alberto Gómez y Zé Paz. Si bien ellos proceden de distintas vertientes, su nexo común es que muestran sus obras a través de la Red.
Relationship of Clinical Skills Performance in Medical School With COMLEX-USA Level 2-Performance Evaluation
Authors: Wang Shiyuan , Basehore Pamela
Published: March 2020

Context

Osteopathic medical students are required to pass the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination-USA (COMLEX-USA) Levels 1- and 2-Cognitive Evaluation and COMLEX-USA Level 2-Performance Evaluation (PE) to graduate. Predictors of COMLEX-USA cognitive exam performance are well established, but relatively few studies have explored factors associated with performance on the Level 2-PE.

Objective

To evaluate the relationship between school-based clinical competency assessments (written, simulation, and workplace evaluations) and Level 2-PE performance to ensure that these assessment efforts are effective and grounded in evidence to support student readiness.

Methods

School-based performance measures for 451 first-time takers of COMLEX-USA Level 2-PE were analyzed. A series of Mann-Whitney analyses were applied to compare 3 types of clinical performance assessments against COMLEX-USA Level 2-PE pass-fail performance: (1) internal objective structured clinical examinations (OSCE; average discipline-specific OSCE score and a comprehensive OSCE); (2) national examination performance (average clinical subject Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Achievement Test, or COMAT, scores and Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Self-Assessment Examination, or COMSAE, Phase 2 scores); and (3) a workplace-based clinical evaluation by preceptors.

Results

Students who passed the Level 2-PE had a significantly higher average discipline-specific OSCE score, COMSAE Phase 2 performance score, average COMAT score, and individual subject COMAT scores in all subjects except Psychiatry. Students who passed the Level 2-PE humanistic domain also had significantly higher scores in the communication skill component of the school's comprehensive OSCE. Similarly, students who passed the Level 2-PE biomedical domain had significantly higher scores in the data gathering and subjective, objective, assessment, and plan documentation scores on the internal OSCE. The size of these differences (η2) was relatively small. Student performance on the competency-based preceptor evaluation showed no significant relationship with pass-fail performance on the Level 2-PE.

Conclusion

High-stakes OSCEs aligned with the level 2-PE blueprint are effective predictors of performance and are an important way to support student readiness for the Level 2-PE. Other assessments, such as subject-based COMATs and COMSAE Phase 2, add value to school-based assessments over workplace-based assessments.
Pathways to Employment
Authors: Olsson Tina M. , Hollertz Katarina , Starke Mikaela
Published: March 2020

Background This project’s aims are twofold (1) to uncover and define the underlying theories of change guiding competing active labor market programs (ALMP) in Sweden, and (2) to assess the relative effectiveness of these competing programs in a theory-based non-randomized controlled trial. The purpose is to assess the extent to which competing ALMPs are effective in moving long-term unemployed individuals (i.e. unemployed for 6 months or more) closer to the labor-market. Methods/Design This project will engage ALMP program administrators and service providers in semi-structured interviews. The transcribed interview material will be used as a basis for program theory reconstruction. All specified program theories will be presented back to program stakeholders for validation. ALMP program effectiveness will be assessed quasi-experimentally with pre- (T1) and posttest (T2) collection of self-reported data. Additionally, official register data from the Longitudinal integrated database for health insurance and labor market studies (LISA) will be collected for all participants. In addition, a matched sample will be collected from LISA to be used as a non-treated control group on final policy outcomes (e.g., employment, salary/wage). This study also assesses program implementation and economic outcomes of the included ALMPs. Discussion Long-term unemployment has profound impact of the health and wellbeing of individuals, families, and communities. In addition, the effects of long-term unemployment have been found to impact subgroups differently. Today we have scant knowledge on the mechanisms that are influential in moving individuals from long-term unemployment closer to the labor market. This study is designed to answer six research questions using a variety of methods (mixed-methods) and outcome measures (self-report, official register). In addition, this study leverages official register data to construct an untreated control group. This study will assess the extent to which an emerging theory of becoming job ready holds under experimental scrutiny.
Characterizing metabolic stress-induced phenotypes ofSynechocystisPCC6803 with Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Tanniche Imen , Collakova Eva , Denbow Cynthia , Senger Ryan S.
Published: March 2020

Background

During their long evolution,Synechocystissp. PCC6803 developed a remarkable capacity to acclimate to diverse environmental conditions. In this study, Raman spectroscopy and Raman chemometrics tools (RametrixTM) were employed to investigate the phenotypic changes in response to external stressors and correlate specific Raman bands with their corresponding biomolecules determined with widely used analytical methods.

Methods

Synechocystiscells were grown in the presence of (i) acetate (7.5–30 mM), (ii) NaCl (50–150 mM) and (iii) limiting levels of MgSO4(0–62.5 mM) in BG-11 media. Principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis of PCs (DAPC) were performed with the RametrixTMLITE Toolbox for MATLABⓇ. Next, validation of these models was realized via RametrixTMPRO Toolbox where prediction of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for an unknown Raman spectrum was calculated. These analyses were coupled with statistical tests (ANOVA and pairwise comparison) to determine statistically significant changes in the phenotypic responses. Finally, amino acid and fatty acid levels were measured with well-established analytical methods. The obtained data were correlated with previously established Raman bands assigned to these biomolecules.

Results

Distinguishable clusters representative of phenotypic responses were observed based on the external stimuli (i.e., acetate, NaCl, MgSO4, and controls grown on BG-11 medium) or its concentration when analyzing separately. For all these cases, RametrixTMPRO was able to predict efficiently the corresponding concentration in the culture media for an unknown Raman spectra with accuracy, sensitivity and specificity exceeding random chance. Finally, correlations (R > 0.7) were observed for all amino acids and fatty acids between well-established analytical methods and Raman bands.
Characterizing glucose, illumination, and nitrogen-deprivation phenotypes ofSynechocystisPCC6803 with Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Tanniche Imen , Collakova Eva , Denbow Cynthia , Senger Ryan S.
Published: March 2020

Background

Synechocystis sp.PCC6803 is a model cyanobacterium that has been studied widely and is considered for metabolic engineering applications. Here, Raman spectroscopy and Raman chemometrics (Rametrix™) were used to (i) study broad phenotypic changes in response to growth conditions, (ii) identify phenotypic changes associated with its circadian rhythm, and (iii) correlate individual Raman bands with biomolecules and verify these with more accepted analytical methods.

Methods

Synechocystiscultures were grown under various conditions, exploring dependencies on light and/or external carbon and nitrogen sources. The Rametrix™ LITE Toolbox for MATLAB® was used to process Raman spectra and perform principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC). The Rametrix™ PRO Toolbox was used to validate these models through leave-one-out routines that classified a Raman spectrum when growth conditions were withheld from the model. Performance was measured by classification accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Raman spectra were also subjected to statistical tests (ANOVA and pairwise comparisons) to identify statistically relevant changes inSynechocystisphenotypes. Finally, experimental methods, including widely used analytical and spectroscopic assays were used to quantify the levels of glycogen, fatty acids, amino acids, and chlorophyll a for correlations with Raman data.

Results

PCA and DAPC models produced distinct clustering of Raman spectra, representing multipleSynechocystisphenotypes, based on (i) growth in the presence of 5 mM glucose, (ii) illumination (dark, light/dark [12 h/12 h], and continuous light at 20 µE), (iii) nitrogen deprivation (0–100% NaNO3of native BG-11 medium in continuous light), and (iv) throughout a 24 h light/dark (12 h/12 h) circadian rhythm growth cycle. Rametrix™ PRO was successful in identifying glucose-induced phenotypes with 95.3% accuracy, 93.4% sensitivity, and 96.9% specificity. Prediction accuracy was above random chance values for all other studies. Circadian rhythm analysis showed a return to the initial phenotype after 24 hours for cultures grown in light/dark (12 h/12 h) cycles; this did not occur for cultures grown in the dark. Finally, correlation coefficients (R > 0.7) were found for glycogen, all amino acids, and chlorophyll a when comparing specific Raman bands to other experimental results.
Identification and functional characterization of aβ-glucosidase fromBacillus tequelensisBD69 expressed in bacterial and yeast heterologous systems
Authors: Raza Ahmad , Pothula Ratnasri , Abdelgaffar Heba , Bashir Saira , Jurat-Fuentes Juan Luis
Published: March 2020

Background

The identification and characterization of novel β-glucosidase genes has attracted considerable attention because of their valuable use in a variety of industrial applications, ranging from biofuel production to improved digestibility of animal feed. We previously isolated a fiber-degrading strain ofBacillus tequelensisfrom buffalo dung samples, and the goal of the current work was to identify β-glucosidase genes in this strain. We describe the cloning and expression of a new β-glucosidase gene (Bteqβgluc) fromBacillus tequelensisstrain BD69 in bacterial and yeast hosts. The recombinant Bteqβgluc were used to characterize specificity and activity parameters, and candidate active residues involved in hydrolysis of different substrates were identified through molecular docking.

Methods

The full lengthBteqβgluc gene was cloned and expressed inEscherichia coliandPichia pastoriscultures. Recombinant Bteqβgluc proteins were purified by immobilized metal affinity or anion exchange chromatography and used in β-glucosidase activity assays measuring hydrolysis ofρ-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG). Activity parameters were determined by testing relative β-glucosidase activity after incubation under different temperature and pH conditions. Candidate active residues in Bteqβgluc were identified using molecular operating environment (MOE) software.

Results

The clonedBteqβgluc gene belongs to glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 4 and encoded a 54.35 kDa protein. Specific activity of the recombinant β-glucosidase was higher when expressed inP. pastoris(1,462.25 U/mg) than inE. coli(1,445.09 U/mg) hosts using same amount of enzyme. Optimum activity was detected at pH 5 and 50 °C. The activation energy (Ea) was 44.18 and 45.29 kJ/mol for Bteqβgluc produced byP. pastorisandE. coli, respectively. Results from other kinetic parameter determinations, including pKafor the ionizable groups in the active site, Gibbs free energy of activation (ΔG‡), entropy of activation (ΔS‡), Michaelis constant (Km) and maximum reaction velocity (Vmax) for pNPG hydrolysis support unique kinetics and functional characteristics that may be of interest for industrial applications. Molecular docking analysis identified Glu, Asn, Phe, Tyr, Thr and Gln residues as important in protein-ligand catalytic interactions.
Assistive Technology for People with Visual Loss
Authors: Senjam Suraj Singh
Published: March 2020

Assistive technology for people with visual disability is growing rapidly over the past few years around the world. Such technology enhances the functioning and performance of daily living skills, thereby improves the independent living. These technologies range from low cost to high end and expensive which include mobility, reading, writing, daily living, and communication technologies. Children primarily need technology for education whereas adults for routine living tasks. Over time the need as well as demand of such technologies will continue to grow due to expected increase in proportion of population with visual disability particularly in low middle-income countries like India. Therefore, the first and forefront strategy to improve assistive technology service for visual disability in India is to create awareness, sensitize among eye care professionals, potential beneficiaries, caregivers, and their families. The present paper highlights various type assistive technologies in which few of them incorporate with illustrations so the readers understand easily.
Phacoemulsification Incision-Creation, Evaluation and Closure: A Review
Authors: Singh Ajay Kumar
Published: March 2020

Creating an ideal incision is the foremost and the most crucial step in phacoemulsification. The most commonly used incision for phacoemulsification is sutureless clear corneal incision (CCI). The location, size and the architecture of incision are as important as the equipment to create it. Surgical equipment and techniques play a very important role in creation of an optimal incision. The location and the technique of incision continue to be perfected as the understanding of the dynamic architecture and the technology are improving. Newer tools such as femtosecond laser help to create a near-perfect incision improving the safety profile of the surgery. Likewise the adequate closure of the incision is equally important. Stromal hydration, suturing, tissue adhesives, such as cyanoacrylate, fibrin and polyethylene glycol (PEG), corneal soldering and tissue welding are some techniques for incision closure. Each has its own merits and demerits. This article reviews various published studies and literature related to the techniques of creation, evaluation and closure of phacoemulsification incision. PubMed and CrossRef (Google) search engines have been used as the primary media for literature research.
Relationship between Smartphone Use and Dry Eye Symptoms in Children
Authors: Dash Nikita , Choudhury Deepak , Mohapatra Sumita , Nanda Prasanta Kumar
Published: March 2020

Purpose:

To study the relationship between smartphone use and dry eye disease (DED) in pediatric age group.

Materials & methods:

A prospective, quasi-experimental study of 78 children diagnosed with DED (as per International Dry Eye Workshop guidelines) was conducted at a tertiary care hospital, Odisha over the duration of 9 months from July 2016 - March 2017. Questions on time of smartphone/other visual display terminal use, continuous reading hour, outdoor activity were asked to older children and parents of younger children. Symptoms were noted and the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score calculated. Ocular examination including slit lamp, inter blink interval (IBI), tear-film breakup time (TBUT) & Schirmer's test (ST) done. The patients were divided into Category A (continuous smartphone use for >/=1hr) & Category B (use for <1hr at a stretch/intermittent use).

Results:

Of the 78 children (43.6% rural & 56.4% urban) 88.4% belonged to Category A and 11.6% to Category B. Mean IBI in Category A was 2.89s & in Category B it was 4.32s, mean TBUT was measured at 8.87 s and 9s in both the categories respectively, and a Schirmer's value of <10mm without anaesthesia in both the categories. Patients were reviewed again after discontinuing use of smartphone for 1 month. Improvement in symptoms and dry eye scores noted with the values being statistically significant (p<0.05).

Conclusion:

Smartphone use continuously for longer time can lead to symptoms of DED in children. With increasing smartphone use among younger population this is a cause of concern.
Analysis of Vitrectomy in GRT with or without Encircling Band
Authors: Khan Balbir , Anand Vartika , Bhavna Trikha , Wasil Amit
Published: March 2020

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate difference in the surgical outcome for management of giant retinal tear (GRT) by pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), with and without encircling 240 band.

Methods:

This was a randomised control study, 20 patients having GRT underwent PPV combined with encircling band in one group (A) and without band in group (B) along with laser retinopexy of the retina followed by silicon oil tamponade. All patients were followed up for at least 1 year.

Results:

Complete success (retinal attachment after silicon oil removal) was achieved in 12eyes (80%), at the end of follow up, while incomplete success (where retina remain detached under silicon oil removal or redetached after SOR) was seen in 8 eyes (20%) patients. At the end of follow up improvement of best corrected visual acuity was achieved in 19 eyes. Preoperative best corrected visual acuity ranged from Hand movements(HM) to 6/60, while post operative visual acuity ranged from 6/9 to HM in group A and 6/18 to HM(hand movements)in group B.

Conclusion:

GRT can be effectively treated with PPV along with encircling scleral band, 3600 laser retinopexy and silicon oil tamponade(1000cc and 5000cc in recurrent RD post SOR) with minimum incidence of recurrence.
Neoadjuvant Topical Mitomycin C for an Extensive Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia
Authors: Jain Vaibhav Kumar , Kaushik Jaya , Agarwal Savita
Published: March 2020

A sixty-five-year old male presented with an enlarging mass over the ocular surface involving nasal area of conjunctiva, superior and inferior fornix and covering the corneal surface obscuring pupil barring a temporal island of cornea. On the basis of clinical features and impression cytology, the diagnosis of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) was made and patient was given neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the form of topical mitomycin C (0.04%) for 6 cycles. Excision biopsy with cryotherapy and amniotic membrane transplantation was performed. At the last follow-up, patient showed no clinical evidence of OSSN.
Corneal Melt with Perforation Following Topical Mitomycin-C Application in Pterygium Excision
Authors: Banigallapati Shashidhar , Bevara Akhil
Published: March 2020

We report a case of corneal melt with perforation due to Mitomycin-C application during Pterygium excision. A 50-year-old male presented with sudden gross diminution of vision and pain in the left eye since one day. He underwent primary Pterygium excision using a bare sclera technique combined with application of Mitomycin-C to the scleral bed intra-operatively in the left eye 40 days back elsewhere. At the site of pterygium head excision, the cornea showed a 3 × 3 mm perforation with iris prolapse through it. Patient was diagnosed as Corneal perforation post Mitomycin-C application and an immediate full thickness corneal patch grafting was performed in the left eye.
Bilateral Retinoblastoma Presenting Atypically with Atrophic Bulbi and Contralateral Buphthalmos
Authors: Madan Siddharth , Beri Sarita
Published: March 2020

Patients with retinoblastoma commonly present with leucocoria (56%) and strabismus (20%). Presentation in the form of phthisis bulbi or atrophic bulbi and buphthalmos in a single patient is unusual and highly suggestive of retinoblastoma and is observed commonly in older children where it delays the diagnosis and management. This case highlights the unusual signs of this malignant tumor in a 2 year old boy who presented with atrophic bulbi in right eye and buphthalmos with scleral metastasis in the left eye. Computed tomography scan demonstrated calcified atrophic right globe with a buphthalmic left eye with intralesional calcification and a scleral metastatic nodule. The patient was planned for further investigations to rule out distant metastasis however was lost to follow-up.
A Review on Political Participation
Authors: Halder Deb Proshad , Campbell-Phillips Sharon
Published: March 2020

This conceptual paper tends to abridge all the theories on political participation in voting system as well as contributing to the government. Political participation is a mandatory choice needs to be analyzed as it is a choice that the state had imposed on its citizens though it centres round very significant factors. Political participation is a necessary ingredient of every political system. By involving many in the matters of the state, political participation fosters stability and order by reinforcing the legitimacy of political authority. This review article defines the political participation, participants, the necessity of participation, the social, political, economic as well as psychological state of affairs that influence citizens to participate. It also highlights the apathy behind not participating and the types and causes of political participation. Thus the paper tries to present a thorough picture of the issues behind the process of political participation.
Visual Industry, Visual Culture and New Phase of Modern Human Civilization in Indonesian Studies
Authors: Kurniullah Ardhariksa Zukhruf
Published: March 2020

The space for public discourse and contemporary literature has brought the people today living in a connected world. This is a condition triggered by technological developments, especially in the field of communication technology and information characterized by three developmental directions: convergence, portability, personalization. The development of Information and communications technology (ICT) over the past decade has brought a new trend in the visual communication industry, that is the presence of various media that combine new communication technologies and traditional mass communication technologies. The results of this study indicated that the position and direction of the visual activism development in Indonesia involve individuals and groups with different social backgrounds, movement ideologies, approach methods, patterns, intervention areas, and change objectives. The visual industry is not born and created from the process of creativity but is born of the process of economic determinism so that it constructs visual culture as a commodity of the capitalist group. False consciousness is a process in which visual culture is formed. Society is deliberately shaped through perceptions that are constructed with false consciousness.
Morphological Diversity for Yield and Its Component Traits in Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]
Authors: Krishna Thota Gopi , Kumar Anil , Adan Fariha
Published: March 2020

The current experiment was held in Summer season, 2018 at rice upland 1, near rice bore well of Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India. The experiment was done by 36 Mungbean genotypes at rice upland 1, near rice bore well of Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur in 2018. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) disclosed highly significant differences for all the traits studied in the experiment among all the genotypes. The genetic diversity was estimated by D2 analysis. The 36 genotypes were grouped into 11 distinct clusters with cluster 4 to cluster 11 consisting of one genotype each. The maximum inter-cluster distance was found between cluster 11 and cluster 3 where maximum intracluster distance was found within cluster 2. The characters like Harvest index, the number of clusters per plant, seed yield per plant and days to maturity contribute maximum towards genetic divergence. The hybridization between the clusters 11 & 3 could give maximum heterosis and better desirable segregants.
Socioeconomic Factors and Cultural Practices Influencing the Resurgence of Bedbugs (Cimex hemipterus): A Case of Nakuru Town, Kenya
Authors: Dennis Muriithi , Dominic Mogere , John Kariuki , Abdirazak Shire , Samuel Kingóri
Published: March 2020

Bedbugs are parasitic insects that feed mostly on blood (human). Cimex hemipterus commonly known as the Tropical bedbug resurge in warmer climates like Africa, Asia and America. Over the years bedbug infestation has remained a major public health concern among the residents of Nakuru Town Kenya. The purpose of this study was to determine socioeconomic factors and cultural practices that influence the resurgence of bedbugs in Nakuru Town, Kenya.

This study adopted analytic epidemiological study design and used cross sectional descriptive survey for data collection. It was conducted in seven estates in Nakuru Town, Kenya with an estimated population of 32,856 in a period of seven months. Cluster sampling was used to sample the households in the estates with the study surveillance being done in four hundred and twenty two (422) households whereas 57% and 43% of the participants were male and female respectively.

The main source of income among the respondents was self-employment with only 27% of the participants being employed. According to the findings of this study 31% of the residents were earning between 5000 and 10000 with only 4% of their monthly income been allocated to healthcare. The current socioeconomic status among the residents of Nakuru Town is inhibiting the fight against bedbug elimination. Cultural beliefs like witchcraft are limiting the eradication of bedbugs and leads to the resurgence in some of the households.

In conclusion, the current socioeconomic status among the residents of Nakuru Town is inhibiting the fight against bedbug elimination. The findings of this study will be used to inform the policy makers in the Nakuru County government on measures to be taken to improve the socioeconomic status of its residents so that in the future residents are empowered to eradicate the bedbugs.
FNAC of Different Breast Lesions in Subset of Rural Areas of Sindh
Authors: Sidhwani Santosh Kumar , Mahesh Paras , Chand Haresh , Mandviwala Haider Abbas , Rajbhoy Zahra Saifuddin , Qureshi Jabbar Ahmed
Published: March 2020

Background: In the 1970’s the introduction of Fine Need Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) proved to be the key method for examining the nature and malignant potential of many palpable lesions like thyroid, salivary glands and lymphadenopathies. Breast pathologies is one of the entity that can also be diagnosed with FNAC. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy of women with overall 100,000 cases being reported annually around the globe. The most frequent lesion encountered using FNAC in breast is fibro-adenoma followed by fibrocystic disease, breast abscess, chronic inflammatory conditions and suspicious malignant masses. In current cross sectional study we tried to find frequency of different breast lesions by FNAC.

Methodology and Results: 649 samples were recruited from the Vital Laboratory Larkana with different pathological lesions of breast during the year 2014 and 2015 by non-probability consecutive sampling. 613 (95%) were females and 32 (5%) were male with mean age of 30.8±12.8 years. Majority of case were of 20-39 years of age (55.8%). Most of the cases were diagnosed with benign lesions (329, 51%) followed by inflammatory lesions (132, 20.5%) and gynecomastia (15, 2.3%). Right breast was more affected (329, 51%). In present study we found a strong association of diagnosis with gender (p =0.000) and age (p =0.000).

Conclusion: So in this study it is concluded that large number of females with breast pathologies present with benign lesions like fibro-adenoma at the age of 20-39 years. It is also concluded that in this age group mastitis and abscesses are common due to different risk factors.
Phytochemical Screening and Betaxanthines of Pilosocereus catingicola (Gürke) Byles & Rowley Subsp. salvadorensis (Werderm.) Zappi (Cactaceae)
Authors: Nascimento Rodrigo Garcia Silva , Nascimento Ana Paula Pereira do , Barbosa Fabiana dos Anjos , Silva João Henrique Constantino Sales , Barbosa Alex da Silva
Published: March 2020

In the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil, we find several cacti that are very important for the regional fauna and flora, including the “facheiro” (Pilosocereus catingicola (Gürke) Byles & Rowley subsp. salvadorensis (Werderm.) Zappi, a species that belongs to this botanical family and is widespread in the Paraiba semiarid region. The objective of this study was quantify and characterize the chemical constituents of the fruits and cladodes of Pilosocereus catingicola subsp. salvadorensis. The fruits were lyophilized and the samples were subsequently ground. A 2 gram aliquot of the lyophilized material was solubilized in 5 mL of 50% MeOH and 50 mmol L-1 of sodium ascorbate and distilled water. The extractive content was monitored by absorbance in a UV-VIS Meter® SP2000 (600 nm) spectrophotometer. Analyzes were performed using the SAS® Program (North Carolina, USA), version 9.2. The constituent groups identified on the stem were the phenolic and tannin groups: steroids, tannins, flavonoids, and saponins. Betalains are the group of alkaloids of greater expression in the fruits of this species, from which the betaxanthines are its main constituents, such as vulgaxanthin III, muscarine and dopaxanthin. Pilosocereus catingicola is a potential source of these metabolites in different parts of the plant, which, therefore, justifies encouraging the best employment of the species.
Analysis of the Gaseous Emissions and the Residues Generated under Oxy-fuel Combustion of Biomasses in a Drop Tube Furnace (DTF)
Authors: Cruz Glauber , Crnkovic Paula Manoel
Published: March 2020

Some environmental problems are caused by pollutants from thermoelectric plants, mainly by burning fossil fuels. Alternatives for reducing such emissions are discussed worldwide and using green fuels is a promising way. Five biomasses (pine sawdust, sugarcane bagasse, coffee and rice husks and tucumã seeds) were evaluated for application as feedstock in thermochemical processes. Particular attention is devoted to the residues and emissions (CO, CO2, SO2 and NO) produced by biomasses burning in a Drop Tube Furnace (DTF). Oxy-combustion (CO2/O2:60/40%) experiments were performed and emissions monitored continuously. Thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy were used to characterize in natura biomasses and residues after oxy-fuel combustion. CO2 emissions ranged between 34 and 60 mg Nm-3 g-1. Sugarcane bagasse showed the lowest emissions of CO2 and NO (34 and 21 mg Nm-3            g-1, respectively) and highest O2-consumption (≈ 32%), while tucumã seed and pine sawdust samples provided the lowest values of CO and SO2 (345 and 5 mg Nm-3 g-1, respectively). TG/DTG curves of the residues compared to the in natura samples aided in diagnosing the performance of the oxy-combustion in a DTF. Organic matter remaining in residues (from 3 to 92%) showed clearly that efficiency of the thermal process varies with biomass-type used. Chemical composition of the residues showed different proportions of inorganic elements (Si, K and Ca) and trace elements (Na, Fe, Cu, S, P, Ma and Cl), demonstrating that individual behavior is an effect of the biomass properties diversity, influencing directly the burning process. The knowledge of some trends is important for the understanding that generalizations of processes cannot be applied when different biomasses are used in thermal processes.
Effect of Polymer Additive on Nano Materials Modified Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: El-Maaty Ahmed E. Abu , Ouf Mohammed E. , Shahrah Saddam
Published: March 2020

Recently, by the increase of traffic volumes and tonnages, modern axle arrangements and more wheel compressions, the needs to the highway asphaltic pavements have increased, requiring an improvement in the performance of asphaltic materials. With a view to enhance the performance of asphalt mixture, the pure asphalt binder requires to be modified with appropriate modifiers. In recent years, pavement technologies and investigators have put their attentions on nanotechnology. In this research, Nano Clay particles (NC) as well as Nano Silica particles (NS) and one polymer additive (Styrene- Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) were utilized with asphalt binder. The addition ratios of nano materials were (1%, 2% and 3%) mixed with 5% SBS by weight of the asphalt binder. Marshall test and wheel tracking test were used to estimate the influence of nano particles and SBS on hot mix asphalt (HMA) performance. The results illustrated that nano materials and SBS improved the stability, flow and Marshall quotient that indicated to the rutting or plastic deformation resistance of modified asphaltic mixtures.
Investigative Analysis of Marine Tugboat Accident in Nigeria. A Case Study of Bayelsa, Delta and Rivers State
Authors: Idiapho Clement A. , Awwal Sani I.
Published: March 2020

The research paper showed that the major causes of boat and ferry accidents in Nigeria include human factor errors, natural factors, and technical factors. The safety of life and navigation at sea are important to coastal, flag states and the entire international shipping community in sustaining the growth of global sea trade. National governments and indeed the Federal government of Nigeria have committed substantial resources and efforts on programmes aimed at reducing the incidence of accident involving marine vessels at sea. The primary causes of boat and ferry accident considered in this paper include human, natural, and technical factors. Human factor constitutes the core causes of boat and ferry accidents in Nigeria inland waterways, as reflected in the calculated value of X2 = (0.368), a value within the acceptance region as it is less than the theoretical value of X2 = (7.815). The human factors include the following: overloading, over speeding, collision, night sailing without adequate light, grounding, overcrowding etc. Natural factors investigated are: sea condition (current), tides and tidal stream, severe wind, reduced visibility, stormy seas, darkness, rainstorms and waves. Technical factors include shortcomings within the ship, such as, steering failure, engine failure, corrosion or hull failure arising from defective materials or construction. These findings have implication on regulation and enforcement by relevant authorities. In view of the findings and conclusion drawn in this study, it was suggested that Government should support these agencies such as NIWA, Marine Police, NIMASA, and the Nigeria Navy if possible with equipment’s, logistics in policing the waterway
The Study of Recognition Methods Based on Wavelet Transform for Melanoma Detection
Authors: Almarei Maen , Daqrouq Khaled
Published: March 2020

Skin cancer is one of the most cancers occurring in the world. Malignant melanoma is the most skin cancer type causing death around the world. Melanoma could be treated 100% if they are detected at earlier stages. In this paper, various melanoma detection systems were reviewed according to the year of publishing. All reviewed papers were based on feature extraction methods using wavelet transform (WT) in its two versions: Discrete wavelet transform (DWT), and wavelet packet transform (WPT) for melanoma recognition. Our methodology that was based on the WPT feature extraction and probabilistic neural network (PNN) was used for comparison. The ISIC database was used for differentiating between malignant (1110 images) and benign (1110 image) tumors. A (75% training /25% testing) verification system was applied. Many experiments were conducted using different parameters for each experiment. The support vector machine classifier (SVM) was the most common classifier combined with various types of wavelet features that have appeared in many kinds of literature during the last two decades, which achieved relatively the best accuracy ranged between [76% - 98.29%]. In this paper, our combination method of the WPT and entropy was proposed and evaluated. Several experiments were conducted for testing. A comparison manner was used for discussion of the investigation. The proposed method was an excellent detection method for melanoma regarding the complexity, where no preprocessing stage was conducted.
Violência obstétrica na operação cesariana: a necessidade de humanização do nascimento
Authors: De Oliveira e Silva Lucília Mendes
Published: March 2020

O seguinte trabalho tem como foco propor reflexões sobre a importância do tratamento médico humanizado durante a realização de uma cirurgia cesárea. O momento do parto é repleto de medo, fragilidade, amor por ser o primeiro contato dos pais com o bebê fora da barriga. No caso de uma intervenção cirúrgica também está presente os riscos de complicações ou, até mesmo, a necessidade de corrigir estas complicações que tiveram início durante o trabalho de parto. A partir desta perspectiva o trabalho traz a análise de relatos de parto nos quais a relação de poder estabelecida entre a equipe médica e a parturiente dentro do ambiente hospitalar aponta para a violência obstétrica vivenciada em uma cesárea. Esta relação desigual de poder pode levar à ocorrência de violência obstétrica contra a mulher e nos faz pensar sobre a necessidade de ampliar o debate sobre a humanização do parto, proposta pelo Ministério da Saúde, de forma a abarcar também os casos nos quais a cesárea é necessária.
A cultura do nascimento como evento biomédico e a violência obstétrica: vivências e resistências
Authors: Da Cunha Marcia Cordeiro , Veleda Aline Alves , Teles Jéssica Machado , Coelho Débora Fernandes
Published: March 2020

Este artigo propõe-se conhecer as informações recebidas por mulheres durante o período gravídico-puerperal que reforçam a cultura do nascimento como um evento biomédico e que possibilitam a perpetuação da violência obstétrica. Colaboraram seis mulheres, as quais foram entrevistadas em seu domicílio, sendo suas falas gravadas e transcritas. Utilizou-se a análise temática de Minayo. As informações foram organizadas na categoria: “Público versus privado: percepções sobre os serviços de saúde”. Os relatos trouxeram elementos culturais que influenciaram as vivências das participantes, fossem como protetivos e de resistência aos maus-tratos. Concluiu-se que a vivência de gestar e parir parece sofrer influência dependendo da instituição e dos profissionais que participaram das trajetórias destas mulheres. O setor privado pareceu estar mais propenso a intervir nas experiências de parto, aumentando as intervenções e a atuação médica e diminuindo a autonomia das mulheres, enquanto o setor público, apesar de dificuldades na mudança de paradigmas, apresentou-se menos intervencionista e com maior potencial para mudanças.
Dilemas de uma maternidade consciente: a quantas anda a conversa dos feminismos com tudo isso?
Authors: Carneiro Rosamaria
Published: March 2020

Este artigo se dispõe a refletir sobre os contornos da noção de “maternidade consciente”, veiculada no Brasil, sobretudo, a partir dos anos 2000 e junto do ideário do parto humanizado. Decorridas quase duas décadas dos princípios de sua circulação e prática, pareceu-nos interessante descrever os sentidos que tem sido a ela atribuídos pelas próprias mulheres, partindo mais especificamente da reação esboçada plataforma Não me chamo mãe. Esse mapeamento nos permite refletir sobre as relações possíveis entre maternidades e feminismos na contemporaneidade, um enlace nem sempre simples e tampouco nítido. Nesses encontros e desencontros, de diferentes tintas, despontara a relação entre a maternidade e o seu valor econômico ao longo dos tempos. Um aspecto recentemente integrado a leitura feminista do assunto. 
Mulheres Negras e Maternidade: um olhar sobre o ciclo gravídico-puerperal
Authors: Oliveira Tamiz Lima
Published: March 2020

Este estudo tem como objetivo a análise, a partir das vivências das mulheres negras, refletir o processo de gestação, parto e puerpério sob a ótica de suas narrativas. Esta investigação se insere em bases teórico-metodológicas de autoras que estão inscritas na vertente dos estudos do feminismo negro interseccional. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de arcabouço qualitativo, tendo como técnica a Entrevista Semiestruturada. Tendo em vista que já existe produções teóricas sobre as mulheres no âmbito da gestação, e diversas pesquisas que apontam a vulnerabilidade de mulheres negras quando são duplamente oprimidas pelo gênero e pela raça, quais seriam então os possíveis resultados desse intercruzamento de mulheres negras, gestação e instituições de saúde? Até que ponto a ideia de mulher como um conceito universal é verídico no tratamento, acolhimento e procedimentos que receberão? Com centralidade neste problema, foram entrevistadas cinco mulheres autodeclaradas negras, com base em um roteiro de perguntas, com o subsídio de um gravador de voz. As reflexões deste trabalho apontam uma lacuna na produção científica no que se refere ao tema. Diante do pressuposto das encruzilhadas interseccionais das opressões de raça, gênero, classe, deficiência, entre outras, as interlocutoras evidenciam em seus discursos que não é verídica a universalidade da categoria mulher, tendo em vista que suas realidades são múltiplas. Surge também relatos de discriminações em instituições de saúde, violência obstétrica e institucional, e dificuldades relacionadas ao torna-se mãe. Percebe-se o maternar como uma construção social, carregada de expectativas e frustrações diante das negações de direitos.
M
ethanothermaceae
Authors: Akinyemi Taiwo , Shao Nana , Whitman William B.
Published: March 2020

Me.tha.no.ther.ma.ce'ae. N.L. masc. n.
Methanothermus
type genus of the family; suff.
‐aceae
ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Methanothermaceae
the
Methanothermus
family.

Euryarchaeota / Methanobacteria / Methanobacteriales / Methanothermaceae

Rod‐shaped cells, 0.3–0.4 × 1–5 μm, occurring singly, in pairs, and in short chains. Cells stain Gram‐positive. Cells are nonmotile. The cell envelope consists of an inner pseudomurein layer and an outer proteinaceous S‐layer. Strictly anaerobic chemolithotrophs utilizing H
2
and CO
2
as their sole substrates for growth. Elemental sulfur is reduced to H
2
S. No growth is observed below 55–60°C, while optimal growth occurs at temperatures between 80 and 88°C. Free‐living in hot anaerobic environments within solfatara fields. So far, one genus with two species is described. Genome sequence is available for the type strain of the type species,
Methanothermus fervidus
V24S.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 31.5–33.5 (genome, LC).

Type genus
:
Methanothermus
Stetter et al. 1981, VL8.