bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Promoting graduate student mental health during COVID-19: Acceptability, feasibility, and perceived utility of an online single-session intervention
Authors: Wasil Akash R , Taylor Madison , Franzen Rose , Steinberg Joshua , DeRubeis Robert
Published: June 2020

The COVID-19 outbreak has simultaneously increased the need for mental health services and decreased their availability. Brief online self-help interventions that can be completed in a single session could be especially helpful in improving access to care during the crisis. However, little is known about the uptake, acceptability, and perceived utility of these interventions outside of clinical trials in which participants are compensated. Here, we describe the development, deployment, acceptability ratings, and pre-post effects of a single-session intervention, the Common Elements Toolbox (COMET), adapted for the COVID-19 crisis to support graduate and professional students. Participants (n = 263), who were not compensated, were randomly assigned to two of three modules: behavioral activation, cognitive restructuring, and gratitude. Over one week, 263 individuals began and 189 individuals (72%) completed the intervention. Participants reported that the intervention modules were acceptable (93% endorsing), helpful (88%), engaging (86%), applicable to their lives (87%), and could help them manage COVID-related challenges (88%). Participants reported pre- to post-program improvements in secondary control (i.e., the belief that one can control their reactions to objective events; dav=0.36, dz=0.50, p<0.001) and in the perceived negative impact of the COVID-19 crisis on their quality of life (dav=0.22, dz=0.25, p<0.001). On average, differences in their perceived ability to handle lifestyle changes resulting from the pandemic were positive, but small and at the level of a nonsignificant trend (dav=0.13, dz=0.14, p=0.066). Our results highlight the acceptability and utility of an online intervention for supporting individuals through the COVID-19 crisis.
Plasma-based COVID-19 treatments in low- and middle-income nations pose a high risk of an HIV epidemic
Authors: Ferreira Leonardo M.R. , Mostajo-Radji Mohammed A
Published: June 2020

Convalescent plasma therapy holds promise as a transient treatment for COVID-19. Yet, blood products are important sources of HIV infection in low- and middle-income nations. Great care must be taken to prevent plasma therapy from fueling HIV epidemics in the developing world.
The importance of urban natural areas and urban ecosystem services during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: fisher brendan , Grima Nelson
Published: June 2020

Urban, peri-urban forests and other natural areas provide a wide range of material and non-material benefits to people known as ecosystem services. Access to these areas has been linked to improvements in physical and mental health of local populations. In the Spring of 2020, the COVID-19 global pandemic forced many governments to impose a set of restrictions including the closure of businesses and cancelation of events, social distancing and limitation of gatherings, and movement limitations. During this period of restrictions, we conducted a study assessing the importance of urban and peri-urban forests and other natural areas to people living in and around the city of Burlington, Vermont, USA. We evaluated the use and value changes related to these natural areas before and during the period of restrictions. We received over 400 surveys from the local community. The results show that 69.0% of the respondents had increased or greatly increased their visitation rate to these areas, and 80.6% of respondents considered that the importance of these natural areas and access to them either increased or greatly increased. Moreover 25.8% of the sample had either never, or very rarely accessed their local natural areas before the pandemic, but 69.2% of the first time or infrequent visitors reported that having access to these areas during COVID-19 as ‘very important’. People reported that these areas were important for a wide range of activities from exercise to birding, but also reported values related to reducing stress in a time of global chaos. Our results indicate the increasing demand and value of such areas in times of crisis such as COVID-19. Experts in zoonotic disease predict the potential for more frequent pandemic events, thus predicating the importance for continued funding for, maintenance of and improved access to natural areas to our largely urban civilization.
Intestinal Parasitosis
Authors: Shakya Bikash , Bhargava D , Shrestha S. , Rijal B. P.
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Intestinal parasitosis is highly prevalent among general population and hospital patients in Nepal. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis among patients in a hospital of Nepal. Methods: A retrospective study was done by analyzing the findings of stool examined from April 2006 to March 2008 at Department of Microbiology of the hospital. χ2-test was used for analytical assessment. Results: Out of 2221 fecal samples, 20.7% were positive, the positivity being 23.9% and 15.8%, respectively in first and second year (P<0.05). Overall infection rate was nearly equal in male and female (20.2% vs. 21.2%). The infection rate was highest among patients of >60 years (25.3%) followed by those of <15 years (21.2%) and 15-59 years (20.1%) ( P>0.05). Ascaris lumbricoides (31.8%) and Entamoeba histolytica (38.0%) were the commonest helminth and protozoa, respectively. Other parasites were Hookworm (18.3%), Hymenolepis nana (2.6%), Taenia solium (2.6%), Strongyloides stercoralis (1.3%) and Giardia lamblia (5.5%). Conclusions: Though, the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis among hospital visiting patients is declining, high detection of A. lumbricoides and E. histolytica signifies the need of public awareness regarding latrine use, water source protection from fecal contamination, proper sanitation and hygienic behavior. Keywords: Ascaris lumbricoides, Entamoeba histolytica, intestinal parasites. DOI: 10.3126/joim.v31i3.2974 Journal of Institute of Medicine, December, 2009; 31(3) 13-16
Health and Sanitation Status of Bote Community
Authors: Rosyara K. P.
Published: June 2020

Introduction: This is a study of the health and sanitary status of Bote community, an indigenous caste of Nepal. Their Major source of income of fishing and boating and traditionally, they are less dependent on farming. Most of them stay along the riverside. There are two types of Bote; paani Bote and Pakhe Bote. Paani Botes are those who solely depend on fishing, boating, collecting motes of gold from river banks. Pakhe Bote depend more on agriculture, animal husbandry and porter for their survival. Health status and sanitation are a major problem in this community. Methods: This is a non experimental descriptive exploratory study carried out during the period of October-November; 2009. The study population constituted 100 inhabitants of Bote community of Pragatinagar VDC of Nawalparasi district. Data was collected by on their opinion on issues such as level of health awareness, personal cleanliness, sanitation status, willingness to participate in various awareness programmes and skill development trainings. Results: Only 15 percentages of respondents are aware of hygiene and most of them believe that ghosts spread of diseases. Most of the respondents known about family planning and immunization but there was minimal use of family planning tools and immunization (8%). Conclusion: Health and sanitation in this community was found to be very poor when compared to other communities of Nepal. Emphasis on health education programme should be given to improve the status of health and sanitation in this community. Keywords: Bote community, hygiene, sanitation. DOI: 10.3126/joim.v31i3.2996 Journal of Institute of Medicine, December, 2009; 31(3) 41-45
Information technology to provide ‘Health care’ for all
Authors: Editor The
Published: June 2020

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v32i2.4935Journal of Institute of Medicine, August, 2010; 32:1-1
Difficulties in the diagnosis of soft tissue sarcomas
Authors: Jha R
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Soft tissue tumors represent diagnostic challenge to general practicing pathologists because of overlap in morphologic features. The usual approach is to diagnose by presumed cell lineage. A major utility of immunohistochemistry is to identify a tumor being mesenchymal or nonmesenchymal and once mesenchymal lineage has been confirmed, histologic sub typing according to specific lineage may be achieved with help of lineage specific markers. Methods: The objective of this study was to analyse different types of soft tissue malignancies according to their type, site and age distribution, discuss the difficulties faced during morphologic examination and review the literature for role of ancillary techniques, particularly immunohistochemistry in diagnosing soft tissue sarcomas.All soft tissue malignancies reported from Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital in three years period from April 2008 to March 2010 were included in the study. Results: Total 87 soft tissue malignancies were reported during study period. Most of these patients (58.6%) were male and the rest were female. These malignancies were found in all age groups. Youngest patient was newborn who was born with tongue mass and biopsy was performed on 13th day of life. However maximum numbers of tumors (41.4%) were seen in first two decades of life. Head and neck was the most common site .Rhabdomyosarcoma was the most common diagnosis. In 20 cases (23%) a definite opinion was not possible and vague terms like sarcoma, small round cell tumor, spindle cell malignancy, vascular tumor “likely” were used. Immunohistochemistry was advised in these cases. Conclusions: Only light microscopic examination of hematoxylin and eosin stained slide not sufficient at all times because there is morphologic overlap of soft tissue sarcomas with each other and with carcinomas and melanomas. Though immunohistochemistry is not a substitute for skilled interpretation of routinely stained slides but prove helpful to reach a more definite diagnosis. Keywords: Immunohistichemistry; sarcoma; soft tissue DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v32i2.4941 Journal of Institute of Medicine, August, 2010; 32: 26-29
Tuberculosis is still a cause of infertility in developing countries
Authors: Prat PR
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Infertility is global problem. Tuberculosis salpingitis is a very rare condition in developed countries but in developing part of the world it is still a problem. One of the commonest symptoms of pelvic tuberculosis is primary infertility. Though infrequent, pelvic tuberculosis is still a cause of infertility in Nepal. Methods: This is a prospective descriptive study conducted in the ‘Infertility clinic’, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tribhuwan University, Teaching hospital, Kathmandu in 2423 patients from April2005-March2009. All couples were investigated with simple non invasive tests like total blood count with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), mantoux test, Adenosine diaminase (ADA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), to invasive procedure like endometrial biopsy to rule out tuberculosis. Result: Of the total of 2423 infertility among the 37 cases were found to have pelvic tuberculosis contributing to infertility. Of them, 19 patients of them were investigated in private centers for infertility and none of them had investigations for tuberculosis. Out of these 19 cases 5 women were treated in the line of tubal block by hydrotubation without performing investigations for tuberculosis. All of these 37 patients had suspicion of tuberculosis either in the history or investigation. After treatment six patients conceived but only two had successful pregnancy. Conclusions: Pelvic tuberculosis is still a problem in Nepal affecting the fertility and hence should be considered in the management.. Key words; pelvic tuberculosis; female infertility; tuberculosis; endometritis DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v32i2.4943 Journal of Institute of Medicine, August, 2010; 32: 33-35
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Kandel BP , Ghimire B , Lakhey PJ , Shrestha UK , Khakurel M
Published: June 2020

Pseudoaneurysm of peripancreatic vessels is a rare complication of chronic pancreatitis. Being close to the pancreas, splenic artery is the most frequently affected vessel whereas right gastroepiploic artery pseudoaneurysm is very rare. Rupture of such pseudoaneurysm is a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. We report a patient of chronic pancreatitis with past history of pancreatic duct stenting who presented with massive upper GI bleeding and stent migration. Bleeding from pseudoaneurysm of right gastroepiploic artery was detected in angiography. Coil embolization was done but later rebleeding occurred and was managed with laparotomy and ligation of the pseudoaneurysm. Patient improved during postoperative period. Keywords: chronic pancreatitis; embolization; pseudoaneurysm DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v32i2.4946 Journal of Institute of Medicine, August, 2010; 32: 47-50
Submandibular thyroid
Authors: Karki B , Sharma P , Ghimire PG
Published: June 2020

Submandibular thyroid is one of the rare locations of ectopic thyroid tissue. Only few cases have been reported in the literature. We report a case of 16 year old female patient presenting with ectopic submandibular thyroid tissue. Diagnosis was based on ultrasound and cytology. Keywords: Nepal; submandibular ectopic thyroid DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v32i2.4948 Journal of Institute of Medicine, August, 2010; 32: 53-55
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis due to Naegleria fowleri
Authors: Angrup A , Chandel L , Sood A , Thakur K , Jaryal SC
Published: June 2020

The genus Naegleria comprises of free living ameboflagellates found in soil and fresh water. More than 30 species have been isolated but only N. fowleri has been associated with human disease. N. fowleri causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), an acute, often fulminant infection of CNS. Here we report a rare and first case of PAM in an immunocompetent elderly patient from this part of the country. Amoeboid and flagellate forms of N. fowleri were detected in the direct microscopic examination of CSF and confirmed by flagellation test in distilled water, demonstrating plaques /clear areas on 1.5% non nutrient agar and its survival at 42°C. Keywords: Meningitis; Naegleria fowleri; primary amoebic meningoencephalitis DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v32i2.4949 Journal of Institute of Medicine, August, 2010; 32: 56-59
Incidence of dysmenorrhoea associated with high stress scores among the undergraduate Nepalese medical students
Authors: Pramanik T , Shrestha R , Sherpa MT , Adhikari P
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Primary dysmenorrhoea is one of the major problems associated with menstruation among the young undergraduate medical students which affect their daily routine. Among various causes, mental stress is one of the major causes of primary dysmenorrhoea. This study aims to assess the relationship between the degree of stress and incidence of dysmenorrhoea amongst the young Nepalese medical students. Methods: Young, unmarried, non-smoker female medical undergraduate students (age: 18-20years, n = 104) having no pelvic pathology participated in this study. A baseline questionnaire was used to note the medical history on menstruation, use of contraceptive pills, active or passive smoking exposure and alcohol use. The independent and individual perception of stress was evaluated by using a stress questionnaire. Results: Result indicated that the stress score is significantly higher (31.30 vs. 18.81) in dysmenorrhoeic women (n=50) compared to eumenorrhoeic participants (n=54). Conclusions: The present study indicated a positive relationship between psychological stress (supported by stress scores) and dysmenorrhoea. The path of solution of this painful problem might be paved out by de-stressing the person through relaxation exercise, yoga and pranayama (the breathing exercises.) Keywords: Primary dysmenorrhoea; psychological stress; yoga. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v32i3.4952 Journal of Institute of Medicine, December, 2010; 32:3 2-4
Reference values for Doppler indices of the umbilical and fetal middle cerebral arteries in uncomplicated third trimester pregnancy
Authors: Paudel S , Lohani B , Gurung G , Ansari MA , Kayastha P
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to categorize new reference ranges for measurements of commonly used umbilical artery and fetal middle cerebral artery Doppler indices (Pulsatility Index, Resistance Index, and Systolic: Diastolic ratio) in uncomplicated third trimester pregnancy. Methods: This was a prospective cross sectional study involving 101 singleton uncomplicated pregnancies of 30 to 37 weeks of gestation. Umbilical artery indices were obtained from free floating loop and middle cerebral Doppler indices were obtained from the proximal third of the artery with flow towards the probe. Regression equations were used to categorize reference ranges and percentile fitted Normograms were obtained for all the parameters. Results: Among 101 singleton pregnancies between 30 and 37 weeks of gestation, 65 (64.35%) were primigravida women and 36 (34.65%) were multigravida. Mean maternal age was 23.12years (range 16 to 35 years). Maximum number of pregnancies (18.81%) was at 34 weeks of gestation. The established percentiles of Doppler indices showed a continuous reduction of all the measured indices as pregnancy increases (p<0.0001). Conclusions: Reference ranges were obtained for the middle cerebral artery and umbilical artery Doppler indices. These ranges are consistent with similar studies done by other authors. Keywords: Doppler study; fetal Middle cerebral artery; pulsatility index; resistance index; systolic; diastolic ratio; umbilical artery DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v32i3.4953 Journal of Institute of Medicine, December, 2010; 32:3 5-13
Efficacy of injection of steroids for lateral epicondylitis
Authors: Maharjan R , Gurung G
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Lateral epicondylitis (Tennis elbow) is one of the most common lesions of the arm. Corticosteroid injection has been described as one of the treatment modalities for this disorder with variable clinical benefit. The purpose of this study was to analyze the short-term and long-term effects of the local injection of methylprednisolone to treat lateral epicondylitis. Methods: A prospective comparative study was carried out in the Department of Orthopaedics in Bir Hospital from October 2009 to February 2011. Study was undertaken in 40 patients to analyze the short-term and long-term effects of the local injection of methylprednisolone for the treatment of lateral epicondylitis. Twenty patients in each group were included in the study. Patients assigned to experimental group received a single injection of 1 percent lidocaine with forty milligrams of methylprednisolone and control group received a single injection of 1 percent lidocaine with saline solution. Results: Corticosteroid injection gave better pain relief in a shorter time than the placebo group. Pain was significantly improved in steroid group in comparison to placebo group till third successive follow ups with maximum improvement at eighteen weeks (p=0.000). However, the groups did not differ with regards to pain at six months as determined with a clinical pain score and visual analogue scale. Conclusions: Local injections of steroids provide rapid pain relief but only short-term benefits in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis. Key word: Epicondylities; Steroid injection; tennis elbow DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v32i3.4958 Journal of Institute of Medicine, December, 2010; 32:3 34-38
Seizure precipitated during long haul flight
Authors: Devkota AR , Karki AR
Published: June 2020

We report three diagnosed cases of epilepsy under medication that were on long haul flight from Kathmandu to different destinations in USA with different clinical outcomes during flight. The first case had brief seizure like episode during flight and was given oral benzodiazepine. The second case was put on prophylactic oral benzodiazepine to induce sleep and reduce seizure threshold and had an uneventful flight. The third case developed generalized tonic clonic seizure and was managed accordingly. Key words: Epilepsy; long haul flight; seizure. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v32i3.4962 Journal of Institute of Medicine, December, 2010; 32:3 59-61
Modified Altissimi and Mancini technique for carpal tunnel decompression
Authors: Sigdel A , Uprety S , KC Govind
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Carpal tunnel syndrome is the commonest compressive peripheral nerve neuropathy; open carpal tunnel decompression still remains the preferred method as a day case procedure using local  anaesthesia. The local anaesthetic is commonly administered by subcutaneous infiltration alone (the Gale technique) or by infiltration of the local anaesthetic into the carpal tunnel in addition to the subcutaneous infiltration (the Altissimi and Mancini technique). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the modified Altissimi and Mancini technique of local anesthesia. Methods: Fourteen hands of twelve patients age ranged from 26 to 55 years, two patients with bilateral involvements were recruited. Most involved hand was operated first with the modified Altissimi and Mancini technique of local anaesthesia. Results: Intra-operative pain was evaluated using visual analog score. Patients experienced no to very little intra-operative pain VAS 0- 2. Only one patient experienced tourniquet discomfort which subsided after release. There was neither any intra-operative nor during follow up, the signs of iatrogenic median nerve injury. Conclusion: We concluded that open carpal tunnel decompression using modified Altissimi and Mancini technique under local anaesthesia and with tourniquet control is a safe, effective and acceptable novel technique. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v34i1.9116 Journal of Institute of Medicine, April, 2012; 34:1 9-12
Behavioural risk factors of non-communicable diseases among adolescents
Authors: Adhikari K , Adak MR
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Cardiovascular and other chronic diseases are becoming the major causes of morbidity and mortality in most of the third world countries, including Nepal. Unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and consumption of tobacco, alcohol, drugs etc. are major global determinants of non-communicable diseases and contribute to the excess death and disability among the poor in terms of mortality. This study was done to estimate the prevalence of behavioral risk factors of NCDs among adolescent. Methods: A cross sectional study based on WHO stepwise approach for surveillance of Non- Communicable Diseases (NCDs) risk factors was conducted in Chitwan District to assess the risk factors of NCDs. Information was collected on substance abuse, dietary habits and physical activity through personal interview. Results: A bout 50% male and 30% female respondents were currently abusing one or other forms of substance. Male (39%) and female (26%) were using tobacco products. It was found that only 14% of respondents were doing satisfactory level of physical activities. Conclusions: Substantially high levels of the various behavioral risk factors among adolescents in Chitwan District suggest an urgent need for awareness raising programmes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v34i3.8916 Journal of Institute of Medicine, December, 2012; 34:39-43
Fracture Shaft of Femur in Children with Newly Designed Femoral Brace
Authors: Mahara DP , Lamichhane A , Acharya P , Shrestha GC
Published: June 2020

Introduction: With the initial traction and secondary hip spica conservative treatment of fracture shaft of femur in children is an established technique of management all over the world. Three-six weeks of traction followed by another 6-8weeks of immobilization in spica cast at home takes away precious school going time of the children and professional earning time of the parents in our part of the world. The situation compelled us to think and design an Orthosis that not only splints the fractured femur but also maintains the continuous traction and acceptable alignment right from the beginning and allows early mobilization thereby avoiding need of long hospital stay, immobilization on spica cast and abstinence from school. Methods: This Orthosis has been used successfully in 9 children with fractured shaft of femur, age ranged from 3 to 9 years with average age of 5 years. Initially the patients were put on skin traction. In the meantime, measurement of body parts was taken by an orthotist for fabrication of the brace, which was made available on second week. In presence of the orthotist the brace was applied and its fitting and pressure points were properly evaluated. The patients were discharged the next day and asked to follow up at 2,4,6,9 and 12 weeks with a roentgenogram at every visit. Patients were encouraged to bear weight with the affected limb with the brace on after achieving clinical union. Brace was removed after achieving radiological union. Results: One patient did not turn up for follow up after application of brace. So, out of the ten patients, nine were included in this study as they had follow up of at least 12 weeks. Seven cases were male and two female. The average age of the patients was 5 years (range 3 to 9 years). The follow up period ranged from 12 weeks to 3 years with average period of 9.3 months. Radiological union was seen to occur at 12th week in 7 patients and 9th week in 2 patients and the brace was discarded at that time. Fracture united in all patients without any obvious angular, rotational deformities and limb length discrepancy. Conclusion: Preliminary findings of this study showed the use of this Orthosis in the treatment of fracture shaft of femur in children has proved to be as good as the traditional method with distinct advantages of treating at home and early mobilization with the brace on.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2126/joim.v35i1.8892   Journal of Institute of Medicine, April, 2013; 35:18-22
Functional Outcome in Patients with Chronic Plantar Fasciitis Treated with Plantar Fascia Stetching vs Tendoachilles Stretching Exercises
Authors: Jha RK , Uprety S , Shah LL
Published: June 2020

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2126/joim.v35i1.8895 Journal of Institute of Medicine, April, 2013; 35:32-38
Species distribution and in vitro antifungal susceptibility patterns of Candida
Authors: Mondal S , Mondal A , Pal N , Banerjee P , Kumar S , Bhargava D
Published: June 2020

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2126/joim.v35i1.8897 Journal of Institute of Medicine, April, 2013; 35:45-49
Evaluation of image quality in chest radiographs
Authors: Chand RB , Thapa N , Paudel S , Pokharel GB , Joshi BR , Pant DK
Published: June 2020

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2126/joim.v35i1.8899 Journal of Institute of Medicine, April, 2013; 35:50-52
Antioxidant Properties of the Leaves of Chromolaena odorata Linn
Authors: Bhargava D , Mondal CK , Shivapuri JN , Mondal S , Kar S
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Chromolaena odorata Linn (Asteraceae) locally known as “Banmara” has the reputation of being used as a medicinal herb in Nepal. A systemic search for drug research in now considered to be a rational approach. Therefore in the present study an effort has been made to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the leaves of the above mentioned plant. Methods: In the present research work the ethanolic and methanolic extract of leaves of the plant C. odorata Linn was assessed for free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity. In this work the ability of the extract to scavenge nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical and 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were used to assess its free radical scavenging potentials. Results: The DPPH radical inhibition (%) was 59.10, 52.13 and 81.12 for ethanolic extract, methanolic extract and ascorbic acid respectively. Similarly ethanolic and methanolic extract  also showed significant free radical scavenging action against nitric oxide and hydroxyl radical. Conclusion: Against the backdrop of many known medicinal properties of this plant its ethanolic and methanolic extract of leaves reveals significant antioxidant properties. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2126/joim.v35i1.8900   Journal of Institute of Medicine, April, 2013; 35:53-57
Carcinoma of vulva occurs not only during old age: A Series of six cases
Authors: Pant PR , Sharma J , Manandhar BL , Joshi A
Published: June 2020

Squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva is predominantly a disease of postmenopausal women; it accounts for 5% of all female genital malignant neoplasms. Postoperative recovery in two among the five operated patient was late as their vulval wound underwent dehiscence. Other three patients had an uneventful post operative period. Histopathology report showed Squamous cell carcinoma in all the cases. Lymphnodes was negative for malignant cells in all the cases. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2126/joim.v35i1.8902   Journal of Institute of Medicine, April, 2013; 35:71-73
Mixed Research Paradigm: A Parsimonious Approach!
Authors: Joshi S
Published: June 2020

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2126/joim.v35i1.8904 Journal of Institute of Medicine, April, 2013; 35:78-81
RIAS Editorial Policy / Stylesheet
Authors: Editors RIAS
Published: June 2020

RIAS editorial policy and stylesheet for Contributors.
Hubungan antara Sikap Kompetitif Berlebihan dan Perilaku Kerja Inovatif
Authors: Dwiastuti Dania Agusta , Etikariena Arum
Published: June 2020

Globalisasi yang pesat menimbulkan dampak terhadap ketatnya persaingan yang terjadi antar perusahaan di dunia. Inovasi menjadi hal yang penting untuk dilakukan oleh perusahaan. Inovasi perusahaan dapat dilakukan oleh karyawan sehingga karyawan yang dapat melakukan inovasi menjadi sumber daya yang penting bagi organisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti hubungan antara sikap kompetitif berlebihan dan perilaku kerja inovatif karyawan. Pengambilan data akan dilakukan kepada karyawan tetap dari perusahaan yang mengedepankan inovasi. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 53 orang yang telah menjadi karyawan tetap. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang meminta partisipan untuk mengisi kuesioner Skala Perilaku Kerja Inovatif  (α = .92) dan Skala Sikap kompetitif berlebihan (α = .74). Analisa korelasi menunjukkan bahwa sikap kompetitif berlebihan tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan perilaku kerja inovatif (r=,04 n= 53, p> ,05, two-tailed). Penelitian ini mendiskusikan alasan teoritis dan metodologis yang menyebabkan hasil tersebut dan kemungkinan pengembangan riset di kemudian hari. Hasil penelitian didiskusikan sesuai tujuan penelitian. Keterbatasan dan saran diberikan untuk studi selanjutnya.
Hubungan antara Ethical Organizational Culture dengan Burnout: Peran Mediasi Managerial openness
Authors: Rhodes Puji Gufron , Salendu Alice
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa peran managerial openness sebagai mediator pada hubungan antara ethical organizational culture dan burnout pada karyawan di Organisasi XYZ sebagai salah satu institusi pemerintah Indonesia yang bergerak di bidang keuangan. Penelitian dilakukan pada 113 karyawan di Organisasi XYZ dengan menggunakan metode self-report survey. Penelitian dilakukan dengan melakukan proses adaptasi kepada 3 instrumen yang digunakan, yaitu: ethical organizational culture diukur dengan mengadaptasi skala CEVMS – Short Form (CEVMS-SF) milik DeBode dkk (2013), dengan jumlah 32 item dan memiliki nilai reliabilitas 0,89; burnout diukur dengan mengadaptasi 9 item Bergen inventory (BBI-9) dari Feldt dkk (2014), dengan nilai reliabilitas 0,91; dan managerial openness diukur dengan mengadaptasi skala dari Ashford dkk (1998), dengan jumlah 6 item dan reliabilitas 0,75. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa managerial openness berhasil memediasi secara parsial hubungan antara ethical organizational culture dengan burnout dengan nilai BootLLCI= 0,02 dan BootULCI= 0,12. Artinya, ethical organizational culture melalui managerial openness memiliki peran yang besar dalam menghambat pembentukan burnout pada karyawan di organisasi.
Gratitude dalam Konteks Organisasi
Authors: Salam Muhammad Rafli Tarawih Abdul , Aulia Aulia , Sari Erita Yuliasesti Diah
Published: June 2020

Gratitude memiliki peran dalam menjadikan lingkungan kerja sehat sehingga mampu meningkatkan motivasi serta mengarah pada kinerja karyawan menjadi lebih produktif. Meskipun pada dasarnya para ahli memiliki anggapan yang berbeda mengenani konsep gratitude namun keseluruhannya memberikan pemaknaan yang sama mengenai bagaimana gratitude mampu memberikan kontribusi di semua aspek positif di kehidupan manusia terutama di linkungan kerja. Metode tinjauan literatur digunakan untuk mengumpulkan materi yang relevan tentang topik ini untuk mengkaji lebih jauh mengenai gratitude dalam upaya memperluas pengetahuan dan menekankan efek positif dari gratitude dalam konteks organisasi. Kajian literatur ini menemukan bahwa bahwa gratitude memiliki relevansi dengan bidang organisasi. Gratitude menjadi lebih dari sekedar diperlukan di lingkungan kerja yang selalu berubah dinamika konfliknya, tujuannya adalah membuat karyawan tetap termotivasi, tertarik, dan loyal kepada organisasi. Gratitude dalam konteks organisasi berhubungan dengan perasaan membangun, menghargai, membantu menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang positif dan bahagia, memengaruhi dan memperkuat hubungan antara manajemen dan rekan kerja. Graitude juga mampu meningkatkan motivasi karyawan untuk memberikan kinerja terbaiknya, dan berdampak pada kemungkinan peningkatan keberhasilan individu dan organisasi.
Implementation of Decency Test and Strategic Position Feasibility in accordance with Law Number 5 of 2014 in Medan City Government, Deli Serdang Regency and Samosir Regency
Authors: Sembiring Robinson , Simanihuruk Muba
Published: June 2020

This study seeks (1) to explore local government strategies in selecting personnel for strategic positions; (2) studying the role of the RPA (Regional Personnel Agency) in carrying out the Decency and Appropriateness Test of personnel applying for the "Position Auction"; (3) studying the role of the Sekwilda in conducting the fit and proper test; (4) searching for the fit and proper test models according to local characteristics. The agenda for improving Indonesia's public sector becomes a necessity if it is linked to developments and current demands, such as good governance, professionalism, transparency, accountability, ethical and moral enforcement in the delivery of public services (Milakovich and Gordon, 2007 in Nurprojo, 2014). The improvement of the Indonesian bureaucracy through the enactment of the State Civil Apparatus Law is expected to be able to realize a better Indonesian bureaucracy through the performance of professional civil servants based on competence and competition by establishing a merit system in State Civil Apparatus management.  This study uses a qualitative paradigm by relying on researchers as data collectors through in-depth interviews and participatory observation. In-depth interviews were conducted with local elites (Head of the Regional Personnel Agency, Staff of the Regional Personnel Agency, Members of the Regional People's Representative Council, Members of the Selection Committee, Non-Governmental Organizations, the media and intellectuals) who were concerned with local governance. This is done to determine the implementation of the propriety test and due diligence in the context of filling strategic positions in the regions.
Auto-histoires et représentations communautaires dans le cinéma des femmes autochtones
Authors: Bertrand Karine
Published: June 2020

In the last decade or so, cinema has revealed itself to be an ideal medium for the transfer and/or remediation of the spoken word as well as stories coming from oral tradition and Indigenous culture. Indeed, cinema is a place of expression which favours cyclical creativity and contributes to the decolonization of stereotyped images propagated by external voices that do not understand the subtleties of languages (real and symbolic) that are anchored in indigenous peoples’ cultural memory. By exploring indigenous cinema as practised by women of diverse nations, this piece demonstrates how cinema can induce the compression and dilation of time, to bring to the audience the fluidity of a story that has been reconfigured according to a new time and carried by spoken words that have chosen to either emancipate themselves from the image or to materialize themselves in it. Furthermore, this article illustrates how a new generation of Indigenous women use cinema to retrace and/or rewrite their personal narrative with the help of autobiographical or collective stories that travel back in time to fill in the blanks left by a fragile memory and to express their will to make peace with a difficult colonial past. Finally, the writings of Lee Maracle ( I Am Woman, 1988) and Natasha Kanapé Fontaine ( Manifeste Assi, 2014) are being brought forth to show how films such as Suckerfish (Lisa Jackson, 2004) Bithos (Elle-Máijá Tailfeathers, 2015) and Four Faces of the Moon (Amanda Strong, 2016) contribute to the individual and community healing of Indigenous peoples of Canada, through an aesthetic of reconciliation. The exploration of these works, therefore allows us to shed light on and better understand the roles/internal mechanisms of visual autobiographies in the larger context of reconciliation with individual and collective stories/memories.
Les archives à l’épreuve du temps : les recadrements temporels des courts métrages de la sérieSouvenir
Authors: Huberman Isabella
Published: June 2020

This article examines how “colonial time” is called into question in two short films of the National Film Board of Canada’s series Souvenir, from 2015. The question of time lies at the heart of this series, for which the NFB commissioned contemporary Indigenous filmmakers to take up their archives of visual material on Indigenous peoples. The colonial temporal framework is at work in the vast archives of ethnographic and documentary film and photography on Indigenous peoples dating back to the early twentieth century, in which Indigenous people are often represented as part of “vanishing” cultures. Thus, in this article, I underscore the temporal interruptions that occur when ethnographic visual material of Indigenous peoples is put into the hands of contemporary Indigenous artists. I focus first on what it means to repurpose dehumanizing colonial archives and ask whether visual sovereignty is in fact possible within the archives. By analyzing the reappropriation of archival footage in the short films Mobilize by Caroline Monnet and Etlinisigu’niet ( Bleed Down) by Jeff Barnaby, I elucidate how the filmmakers break with modes of colonial time through what I propose to call “reframings” that offer alternative ways of conceiving of time. By rehabilitating ethnographic images, these filmmakers refuse to project the material into the distant past and complicate the readability of Indigenous images in the archives, revealing how the reappropriation of old images can be just as powerful as the production of new ones.
Inuit Visual and Sensate Sovereignty in Alethea Arnaquq-Baril’sAngry Inuk
Authors: Burelle Julie
Published: June 2020

L’auteure soutient que le documentaire de 2016 d’Alethea Arnaquq-Baril, Angry Inuk (Inuk en colère), crée, grâce au cinéma, des espaces de « souveraineté visuelle » centrés sur l’« agentivité sensorielle » inuite (Raheja, 2010 ; Robinson, 2016). La réalisatrice propose un recadrage, selon un point de vue inuit, de la rhétorique dominante entourant la chasse aux phoques, pratique décriée violemment par des groupes de défense des droits des animaux. Plus qu’une simple réfutation de ces discours sudistes, ce film met de l’avant les connaissances inuites en lien avec le territoire et la gestion des ressources et remet en question les argumentaires libératoires soutenus par ces organismes, dont les raisonnements reconduisent des dynamiques coloniales plutôt que de les ébranler. Comme l’évoque son titre, le documentaire riposte à l’ire des protestataires anti-chasse aux phoques (dont la voix s’impose souvent au détriment des voix inuites, généralement tues), en créant un espace d’expression pour la colère inuite, présentée à la fois comme carburant et comme point de départ légitime et valide de la lutte contre les organismes en question. De façon centrale, le film met en scène des récits de chasse aux phoques s’appuyant sur une « agentivité sensorielle » inuite qui, aux yeux de Dylan Robinson, se manifeste sous la forme de « modes d’expression qui, à la fois, affirment une force culturelle et exercent une puissance affective auprès des personnes présentes ». Arnaquq-Baril propose ainsi des représentations de rires partagés, d’un froid ressenti, de sons joyeux de consommation communautaire de diverses parties du phoque, de même que des photos tirées de la campagne Twitter menée autour du mot-clic #sealfie ; cette campagne médiatique, ancrée dans une célébration humoristique et fière de la chasse inuite aux phoques, se veut en ce sens un contre-point au discours affectif simpliste et méprisant des organismes anti-chasse. En s’articulant autour de la résilience complexe propre aux Inuits, Inuk en colère incarne en soi une forme de souveraineté inuite, s’imposant au sein des récits qui participent à la sensibilisation du public quant aux enjeux entourant cette chasse. En outre, le film invite l’auditoire à réfléchir aux avenirs autochtones et à envisager de quelles manières l’activisme pour la défense des droits des animaux peut être décolonisé afin qu’il ne mène pas à la reconduction de dynamiques violentes d’extractivisme et de colonisation.
Indigenous Cinema in Expansion: Challenges and Promises of an Intercultural Relationship
Authors: Frey Aline , Brito Thaís
Published: June 2020

Les auteures dressent le portrait tant des défis actuels que des possibilités qui naissent des relations interculturelles se tissant entre commissaires et cinéastes autochtones et non-autochtones dans le cadre du plus grand festival du film autochtone du Brésil, Cine Kurumin. Ce festival annuel, fondé en 2011, se déroule dans des villages ruraux autochtones, de même que dans des métropoles brésiliennes, attirant ainsi des auditoires variés. Le festival est ouvert aux cinéastes autochtones et non-autochtones qui produisent du matériel audiovisuel portant sur des sujets autochtones de partout dans le monde. Divers processus créatifs y sont encouragés grâce à l’organisation d’ateliers de scénarisation, et des partenariats établis avec des chaînes de télévision permettent une plus large diffusion des films sélectionnés. Alors que les productions audiovisuelles autochtones se développent, leurs contenus se diversifient ; elles englobent en effet de plus en plus de thèmes et de styles, de formats et de perspectives variées. En s’appuyant sur un cadre théorique postcolonial et décolonial, les auteures proposent de nouvelles perspectives sur un cinéma en pleine expansion ; les réalisateurs autochtones et leurs films circulent de plus en plus au sein de festivals non thématiques, reçoivent des prix et font rayonner leurs propres voix et points de vue auprès de publics variés, ce qui crée de nombreuses possibilités d’interactions et de dialogues interculturels. En outre, la mise sur pied de Cine Kurumin témoigne du pouvoir des productions audiovisuelles autochtones de générer des relations interculturelles entre cinéastes, commissaires et public.
Collaborative Development of a Shared Framework for Competency-Based Veterinary Education
Authors: Matthew Susan M. , Bok Harold G.J. , Chaney Kristin P. , Read Emma K. , Hodgson Jennifer L. , Rush Bonnie R. , May Stephen A. , Salisbury S. Kathleen , Ilkiw Jan E. , Frost Jody S. , Molgaard Laura K.
Published: June 2020

Competency-based medical education is an educational innovation implemented in health professions worldwide as a means to ensure graduates meet patient and societal needs. The focus on student-centered education and programmatic outcomes offers a series of benefits to learners, institutions and society. However, efforts to establish a shared, comprehensive competency-based framework in veterinary education have lagged. This article reports on the development and outcome of a competency-based veterinary education (CBVE) framework created through multi-institutional collaboration with international input from veterinary educators and veterinary educational leaders. The CBVE Framework is designed to reflect the competencies expected of new graduates from member institutions of the Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges (AAVMC). The CBVE Framework consists of nine domains of competence and 32 competencies, each supplemented with illustrative sub-competencies to guide veterinary schools in implementing competency-based education in their local context. The nine domains of competence are: clinical reasoning and decision-making; individual animal care and management; animal population care and management; public health; communication; collaboration; professionalism and professional identity; financial and practice management; and scholarship. Developed through diverse input to facilitate broad adoption, the CBVE Framework provides the foundation for competency-based curricula and outcomes assessment in veterinary education internationally. We believe that other groups seeking to design a collective product for broad adoption might find useful the methods used to develop the CBVE Framework, including establishing expertise diversity within a small-to-medium size working group, soliciting progressive input and feedback from stakeholders, and engaging in consensus building and critical reflection throughout the development process.
Exploration of Binding Interaction of Steroidal Drugs with HMG-CoA Reductase for the Treatment of Breast Cancer Patients who suffer with Cardiovascular Problems: In-silico Studies
Authors: Ahmad Varish
Published: June 2020

Introduction: HMG-CoA reductase is widely used as a significant target to screen cardiovascular therapeutics molecules because of its involvement in cholesterol synthesis and cell proliferation. Steroidal drugs like anastrozole, exemestane, letrozole have been tested as potential inhibitors of cancer mediated aromatase enzyme and these could be inhibited to HMG-CoA reductase so that the link with cholesterol synthesis and cell proliferation can be utilized to control cancers in. Objective: To test the binding affinity and binding patterns using computational methods of these drugs and established them as a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor due to the involvement of this enzyme with cholesterol synthesis and cell proliferation can be utilized to control the cancers. Materials and methods: Freely available docking tools like AutoDock and web resources like DrugBank and PDB were used to extract data and conduct the study. Results: The binding interaction of exemestane has shown significant docking interactions which are followed by anastrozole and letrozole. Exemestane has shown binding energy -8.74 kcal/mol, hydrogen bond length: 1.97513 Å, and interacting amino acid was analyzed as A: ASN658:HD21-: UNK1: O6. The positive control statin was used in this study has shown significant binding interaction but it was less than tested exemestane.Conclusion: Thus, exemestane can potentially inhibit to HMG-CoA reductase enzyme even stronger than the clinically tested drug statin and would be a good choice for cancer patients. Thus, in vitro laboratory experimentation and in vivo research are necessary to put forward therapeutic repositioning of these drugs so they could be established as a broad spectrum potential anticancer drugs including breast cancer especially for the patient with cardiovascular complications.