bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functions of L1 Use in EFL Classes: Students’ Observations
Authors: Algazo Mu'ath
Published: December 2020

This study aims to identify functions (Note 1) of teachers’ first language (L1) use in English as a foreign language (EFL) classes in public schools in Jordan based on students’ observations. The questionnaire items were selected based on the most common uses of L1 in second language (L2) classrooms as identified in the literature. The questionnaire was designed to elicit students’ observations to identify functions of EFL teachers’ L1 in English classes. The participants were 104 EFL students in Grades 10 and 11 in four Jordanian public schools. Participants’ responses to the questionnaire were analysed quantitatively using SPSS, a statistical software package. The study found that the students observed that their teachers shared their L1 with them in English classes to: 1) Explain complex grammar points, 2) Define some new vocabulary items, 3) Explain difficult concepts or ideas, 4) Give instructions, 5) Praise the students, 6) Translate the reading texts, and 7) Explain the similarities and differences between Arabic and English in terms of grammar, structure or pronunciation. However, the students did not observe that their teachers used the L1 in order to maintain discipline in the class as previous studies have found. The findings suggest that teachers’ L1 use in the L2 classroom may indicate the usefulness of this practice and call to license EFL teachers to use their L1 in English classes in public school in Jordan and other similar EFL contexts.
Benefits and Challenges of Peer Observation Among Saudi EFL Female Teachers in Public Schools
Authors: Alghamdi Eatedal , Alsolami Turki
Published: December 2020

This study aims to explore perceptions of the benefits and challenges of peer observation among EFL female teachers in Saudi Arabia working in public schools. A mixed-methods research design was adopted, and two sets of data were collected. The first data was collected using a questionnaire where 231 teachers filled, to elicit teachers’ perceptions. The second set of data was collected through a semi-structured interview with six teachers to understand further teachers’ perceptions and challenges to peer observation in their contexts. Findings indicate that despite teachers' positive perceptions shown in the question sure results, interviews revealed that teachers are faced with various challenges that hinder the effective implementation of peer observation.
Poe in the Age of Spanish Populism: Conversations between the Word and Image in the Spanish Editions from the 1930s and 1940s
Authors: Correoso-Rodenas José Manuel , Jaquero-Esparcia Alejandro
Published: December 2020

The most relevant illustrated editions of Poe's works published in Spain in the 1930s and 1940s are analyzed, with special attention paid to the political circumstances and censorship that affected their production. The relationship between the illustrations and the texts will be interpreted in this light.
Decision Criteria During Joint Modelling of Efficacy and Safety With MCP-Mod
Authors: Kellner Caroline , Kennes Lieven Nils
Published: December 2020

MCP‐Mod has been established as analysis method for investigating the dose‐response (DR) relationship and dose finding in clinical Phase II trials. While most work on MCP-Mod focusses on the efficacy DR relationship, in 2015, Tao, Lin, Pinheiro and Shih (2015) extended MCP-Mod to the joint modelling of efficacy and safety endpoints in “Dose Finding Method in Joint Modeling of Efficacy and Safety Endpoints in Phase II Studies”. Their proposed algorithm defines several decision criteria, which majorly impact results or even terminate the algorithm. This viewpoint investigates the robustness of two of these decision criteria. While the criterion on the relationship between the maximum safety dose and minimum effective dose is reasonable and robust, there exist some advantages applying a more generous criterion to establish proof of concept for safety. Increasing the proposed significance level in establishing proof of concept for the safety DR relationship, helps to identify non-flat safety DR relationships which ultimately improves final estimation of the optimal dose.
A Special Message to Students and Graduates About Publishing in a Journal
Authors: Zangaro George , Whitehead Diane
Published: December 2020

The Journal of Excellence in Nursing and Healthcare Practice (JENHP) was created to promote innovations, translation, and dissemination of evidence supporting improved outcomes in the nursing practice environment. The journal welcomes manuscripts focusing on topics such as national and international workforce issues, quality improvement projects, evidenced-based practice initiatives, nursing research studies, interprofessional practice, educational issues, improvements in technology, innovative practice problem solutions, and the impact of social change in society. Although we accept submissions from all types of researchers, both new and experienced, one central purpose of this journal is to provide an outlet for research conducted by students. Hence, individuals from doctoral, master’s, and baccalaureate programs are especially welcomed to submit manuscripts based on scholarly projects or papers completed while in or after graduating from an accredited program.
Spatial Training and Calculus Ability: Investigating Impacts on Student Performance and Cognitive Style
Authors: McCunn Lindsay J , Cilli-Turner Emily
Published: December 2020

Undergraduate calculus is a foundational mathematics sequence that previews the sophistication students will need to succeed in higher-level courses. However, students often struggle with concepts in calculus because they are more abstract and visual than those in other foundational mathematics courses. Additionally, women continue to be underrepresented in the STEM fields. This study builds on previous work indicating a malleability in spatial ability by testing whether improvement occurs in students’ spatial and mathematics ability after implementing spatial training in calculus courses. The researchers also measured associations between spatial training and self-reported cognitive style. While spatial training did not significantly improve calculus and spatial skills, the researchers measured impacts on the psychological correlate of cognitive learning style. This is important as non-spatial cognitive preferences can result in students not recognizing the dynamic information encapsulated in graphical images, which is a large component of calculus. These results may have practical implications for teaching calculus at the undergraduate level and may, with further research, help to narrow the gender gap in the STEM fields.
Comparison of Crisis Management Systems in Poland and Slovakia
Authors: Brezina Daniel
Published: December 2020

Natural disasters have a specific position in terms of threats to the life and health of citizens, the environment, and the property of municipalities in individual regions. Their negative consequences can affect a lot of people and disrupt the routine processes on a large area. Natural disasters mostly have negative effects on people, material values and nature. In the case of large-scale natural disasters, the functioning and stability of state systems may be compromised and impaired, including those in Poland and Slovakia.
Wheeled armored personnel carrier Ryś and Irbis
Authors: Kajetanowicz Jerzy
Published: December 2020

The article presents the characteristics of the Ryś and Irbis wheeled armored personnel carriers (Polish abbrev. KTO) designed in Poland. They constituted a deep modernization of the Czechoslovakian SKOT medium wheeled armored transporter. The paper presents the genesis of works on these vehicles and their main contractor, Military Automotive Works No. 5 in Poznań, which has dealt with repairs and modernization of combat vehicles since the 1950s. In the following part, the tactical and technical data of the basic version of the Ryś wheeled armored personnel carriers and special-purpose vehicles based on it are discussed, with particular attention paid to the versions that are of interest to the Ministry of National Defense. Next, the Irbis wheeled armored vehicle, and the special-purpose versions built on its chassis are characterized and presented to the International Defense Industry Exhibition in Kielce.
Influence of myofascial therapy on painful erection
– case study
Authors: Rogala Adrian , Brzuszkiewicz-Kuźmicka Grażyna
Published: December 2020

Pain during sexual intercourse in men is a well-recognized symptom that is considered in the context of
sexual dysfunction. Because there is no clear definition, it can be a joint feature of chronic prostatitis, chronic pelvic
pain syndrome (CPPS), or come from connective tissue. Because of the many possible causes of genitourinary pain,
a multimodal approach is necessary. The aim of this study is to present the effect of myofascial therapy on chronic,
unpleasant, dull pain at the level of VAS = 9, occurring during erection and ejaculation, as well as during touch of
the testicle in a 35-year-old man. The patient did not have erection problems, which was confirmed by an accurate
and reliable tool in the form of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). The man received two myofascial
therapies, 45 min. each, 7 days apart followed by significant improvement in pain relief (VAS = 0).
The manual techniques were used to find and remove changes manifested by increased muscle tone and fascia,
lack of displacement of structures relative to each other, maximum painful points, and trigger points. In the follow-up
examination performed after 1, 3 and 6 months, the patient confirmed that the effects of therapy were maintained.
Connective tissue may play an important role in the occurrence of genitourinary pain. Physiotherapeutic examination
and usage of myofascial techniques can bring beneficial effects in the form of pain relief in the relevant region.
REPRINTED WITH PERMISSION OF IASP – PAIN 160 (2019) 2679–2690: Conditioned pain modulation as a biomarker of chronic pain: a systematic review of its concurrent validity
Authors: Fernandes Carina , Pidal-Miranda Marina , Samartin-Veiga Noelia , Carrillo-de-la-Peña María T.
Published: December 2020

Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) is a promising psychophysical biomarker of central pain mechanisms because it significantly discriminates patients with chronic pain from healthy controls. Nevertheless, it is unclear in what extent CPM assessed experimentally is correlated with clinical manifestations of pain. To assess the concurrent validity of CPM, we performed a systematic review of the literature reporting correlations between CPM responses and pain intensity, disability, duration, and area in patients with different chronic pain conditions. We included 32 studies that altogether encompassed data from 1958 patients and provided 62 correlations. The majority of the results (69%) reported nonsignificant correlations between CPM efficiency and clinical manifestations of pain, whereas the remaining results showed a correlation between CPM reduction and worse clinical symptoms of pain. The modality of stimulation, the type of pain, and the stimulation site appear to be critical variables that influenced the pattern of results. Given that most of the studies were conducted with highly heterogeneous methodologies and unclear risk of bias, the findings highlight the need for future studies using standardized measures of clinical and experimental pain before considering CPM as a valid biomarker of pain. We discuss some guidelines to overcome the constraints in this promising line of research.
Effectiveness of pregabalin and gabapentin in patients with neuropathic pain
Authors: Kocot-Kępska Magdalena , Mańka-Matłok Magdalena
Published: December 2020

Effective and safe treatment of patients with neuropathic pain (NP), despite the emergence of new clinical trials, remains a challenge for clinicians. A review of epidemiological data from around the world suggests the prevalence of NP at the level of 6.9–10% in the entire population, more often in women and in the elderly [1, 2]. Chronic NP is associated with a reduced quality of life of patients. In this group of patients, anxiety, and depressive disorders as well as sleep disorders are more common [3]. Hence, effective management of patients with NP is an important problem that requires further research. The aim of the article is to present the current knowledge about pregabalin and gabapentin, their mechanisms of action, effectiveness in patients with NP, the potential risk of side effects and the risk of inappropriate use, as well as to indicate their place in the standards of neuropathic pain treatment in the light of current clinical trials.
UpRobotics: Robótica Educacional Utilizando Linguagem Visual Baseada em Blocos
Authors: Marinho Francisco , Monteiro Edwin , Barreto Raimundo
Published: December 2020

A tecnologia é um recurso fundamental que traz impacto em todos os setores da vida cotidiana. Dessa forma, há hipóteses que apontam para uma demanda crescente por profissionais com habilidades e competências na área de computação, tanto no setor industrial quanto científico. No entanto, ainda há uma carência latente no que tange ao desenvolvimento do pensamento computacional no ensino básico, particularmente em sociedades com baixo nível socioeconômico. Existem diversas razões que vão muito além de recursos limitados, ou falta de interesse dos alunos, que inclui a dificuldade de entendimento e abstração dessas tecnologias, tanto por parte dos educadores, quanto dos alunos. Desta forma, este artigo propõe um método para exercitar o pensamento computacional utilizando a Matemática de maneira conjunta com duas estratégias bem sucedidas: a robótica educacional e a utilização de linguagem visual baseada em blocos gráficos arrastáveis. O UpRobotics é o artefato principal desta pesquisa, uma ferramenta voltada ao público escolar infantil, capaz de explorar conhecimentos científicos dos alunos, tanto matemáticos quanto computacionais, capacitando-os para manipular um braço robótico usando uma linguagem visual baseada em blocos.
Um novo extrator de características para aplicações embarcadas de detecção de falhas em motores elétricos
Authors: da Silva Lucas , Silva Jr Elias , Costa Isabel
Published: December 2020

Os motores de indução são utilizados em diversas aplicações industriais devido à sua alta eficiência. Além disso, o custo por interrupção de operação não plenejada dessas máquinas costuma ser elevado. Por essa razão, há a um interesse da indústria e da comunidade científica em desenvolver soluções para detectar antecipadamente falhas nesses motores. Muitos métodos de detecção de padrões tem sido propostos a partir de diferentes sinais extraídos do motor e usando diferentes combinações de extratores de características com algoritmos de classificação alguns com elevado sucesso, como a combinação GLCM (Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix) e SVM (Su-pport vector machine). Este trabalho propõe uma abordagem nova para utilização do GLCM em sinais no tempo, mas evitando a criação de uma imagem intermediária para representação do sinal de entrada. A técnica proposta é avaliada em estação de trabalho e em plataforma embarcada, com resultados de taxa de acerto, tempo de computação e uso de memória.
El espejismo de la participación ciudadana en tiempos de COVID-19
Authors: de Lucas Osorio Juan
Published: December 2020

This article aims to show how the pandemic situation has given rise to the digital exodus of activities that were originally designed to be carried out in person, organized by public bodies (town councils, county council and the Andalusian Ministry of Employment, Training and Autonomous Work) and non-governmental organizations (associations, foundations of Andalusia), raising the following questions: Are face-to-face activities transferred to the digital sphere without adapting? Are there triggers to encourage participation? Do you offer a solution in terms of technological tools or digital literacy to access the activity?
To give answers to these questions, between April and September 2020 we have analyzed 233 activities, 91 activities of public organizations and 142 of social entities: training course, informative workshops, conferences, orientation, and presentation of resources. In these activities the main areas covered were: employment, social revitalization, new technologies, gender equality, health, entrepreneurship and resources for youth.
With these questions, necessary and current, we obtain answers that lead to a lack of transformation of face-to-face activities towards the digital field, which does not take advantage of the benefits of digital tools; Institutions and organizations do not take into account the degree of knowledge of the public with respect to communication channels and that they require them to know how to use, without forgetting the economic circumstance and assuming that each person has the necessary software and hardware to be a connected citizen.
In parallel, we have discovered that this acceleration of the digital transformation of face-to-face activities has found social entities devoid of knowledge and materials. On the one hand, it does not have the materials to carry out the subsidized programs, but the administration requires it to develop them, and on the other hand, it does not have the resources to offer citizens quality technological services, since its mission was based on in the face-to-face field, for which they demand training for their workers and collaborators, as well as computer equipment not only so that citizens can participate but also so that the organization itself can develop its relationship with the administrations.
El Derecho de la Libertad Sindical en América Latina “El Caso Colombia”
Authors: Hernández Ortiz Alfonso Antonio
Published: December 2020

El trabajo persigue analizar la fragilidad del Estado de Derecho y con ella la impunidad a la violación de la Libertad Sindical en América Latina, abordando a profundidad el caso de Colombia, considerando la magnitud del problema en esta región. Si bien es cierto que estos países comparten al menos formalmente, los postulados de la Libertad Sindical desarrollados en el modelo de la OIT en sus Convenios Internacionales del Trabajo, especialmente en el N° 87, sobre la Libertad Sindical y la Protección del Derecho de Sindicación, de 1948; y en el N° 98, sobre el Derecho de Sindicación y de Negociación Colectiva, (de 1948), el continente americano presenta el mayor número de quejas por violaciones a la Libertad Sindical. De tal manera que el estudio describe el contexto de la crisis sindical que atraviesa América Latina, la problemática de la violación a la Libertad Sindical en Colombia, abordando el contexto legal y la realidad denunciada por tratadistas, organizaciones e instituciones internacionales. Se pretende concluir que las violaciones contra la vida, la libertad e integridad, cometidas contra sindicalistas en América Latina y en Colombia constituyen una grave vulneración a los derechos de Libertad Sindical y a derechos humanos fundamentales, consagrados y amparados por normas y pactos internacionales, por la Constitución Política y la ley.The work seeks to analyze the fragility of the Rule of Law and with it the impunity for the violation of Freedom of Association in Latin America, addressing in depth the case of Colombia, considering the magnitude of the problem in this region. Although it is true that these countries share, at least formally, the postulates of Freedom of Association developed in the ILO model in their International Labor Conventions, especially in No. 87, on Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organize, from 1948; and in N ° 98, on the Right to Organize and Collective Bargaining, (from 1948), the American continent presents the highest number of complaints for violations of Freedom of Association. In such a way that the study describes the context of the trade union crisis that Latin America is going through, the problem of the violation of Freedom of Association in Colombia, addressing the legal context and the reality denounced by international treaties, organizations and institutions. The aim is to conclude that the violations against life, liberty and integrity committed against trade unionists in Latin America and Colombia constitute a serious violation of the rights of Freedom of Association and fundamental human rights, enshrined and protected by international norms and covenants, by the Political Constitution and the law.
Reseña a la obra de ARENAS RAMIRO, M.; ORTEGA GIMENEZ, A. (Directores): "Protección de Datos. Comentarios a la Ley Orgánica de Protección de Datos y Garantía de Derechos Digitales (en relación con el RGPD)". Sepin, Madrid, 2019, 552 págs.
Authors: Bolívar Oñoro María Del Val
Published: December 2020

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El reintegro de prestaciones sociales indebidas: el caso de las pensiones no contributivas en Andalucía, entre el fraude y la necesidad
Authors: Rodríguez Cadenas Juan
Published: December 2020

Este trabajo describe el procedimiento administrativo que sigue la Tesorería General de la Seguridad Social, como Entidad Gestora, para obtener la devolución o reintegro de prestaciones percibidas indebidamente por supuestos beneficiarios, sobre todo, en el caso de las pensiones no contributivas dentro del ámbito de la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía. En primer lugar, se hace un pequeño bosquejo de aspectos que son comunes o generales a todas las comunidades autónomas, de acuerdo con la estructura política de España. En segundo lugar, se analizan algunos aspectos inherentes a las pensiones no contributivas: para qué son, a quienes benefician, cómo se otorgan, cuál es su cuantía y cómo se extinguen, para valorar así la incidencia en la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía, en cuanto a las pensiones no contributivas como parte integrante de la Seguridad Social española. Por último, se aborda el procedimiento que debe seguirse para el reintegro de las prestaciones indebidamente percibidas por parte de los beneficiarios, de acuerdo con lo dispuesto en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico, de manera que cada Comunidad Autónoma debe ser garante, tanto de la correcta asignación de las prestaciones como del retorno o reintegro de las cantidades percibidas por beneficiarios de manera indebida, sea originada por errores cometidos por la propia Administración Pública, o por omisión, falsedad o alteración intencionada de datos por parte del beneficiario.This work describes the administrative procedure follwed by the Social Security General Treasury, as Management Entity, in order to obtain the refund or reimbursement of allowances unlawfully received by alleged beneficial owners, especially in the case of non-contributory benefits, within the area of Andalusia Autonomous Community. Firstly, it is made a short draft of those common or general aspects in all the autonomous communities, in accordance with the Spanish political structure. Secondly, it is analised some inherent aspects to the non-contributory benefits: what they are, who the profit, how they are bestowed, which their quantity is and how they expire. Thus, it can be valued the incidence in the Andalusia A C regarding the non-contributor benefits as an integral part the Spanish Social Security. Finally, it also deals with the proceedings which are to be followed for the reimbursement of the allowances unlawfully received by the beneficial owners in accordance with the procedure provided by our legal system so that every autonomous community must be a warrantor of both, the appropriate assignment of the allowances, as well as the drawback or reimbursement of the quantities received by the beneficial owners unlawfully, having been originated by mistake made by the Public Administration or due to default, counterfeit or intentional alteration of data by the beneficial owners.
“El humor es una guerra que no produce muerte sino risa”: uma análise histórica do humor gráfico feminista latino-americano de Diana Raznovich (1990)
Authors: Crescêncio Cintia Lima
Published: December 2020

O humor gráfico feminista de Diana Raznovich configura-se como instrumento de intervenção que visa problematizar a discriminação sofrida pelas mulheres em todas as áreas, desmascarando as estruturas que as aprisionavam nos anos finais do século XX, contexto de lutas feministas. Entendido como humor-guerra que tem como efeito o riso, a produção da cartunista argentina, uma das primeiras humoristas gráficas assumidamente feministas na América Latina, demonstra a complexidade e a fluidez do humor produzido com perspectiva de gênero, um desafio às limitadas abordagens da História Cultural do Humor, marcada por um cânone e por elaborações teóricas masculinas. Diante desse cenário teórico e histórico, este artigo pretende realizar uma análise histórica do humor gráfico feminista de Diana Raznovich. Com foco nas discussões sobre o papel das mulheres na produção humorística, no debate sobre as ideias de privado/público no humor, no potencial de mudança do humor feminista e nos impactos dos discursos sobre feminilidade na produção do riso, pretendo, a partir de textos e cartuns publicados em jornais latino-americanos na década de 1990, refletir sobre o potencial político revolucionário do humor feminista de Diana Raznovich.
Palavras-chave: Diana Raznovich. Feminismo. Humor Gráfico. Humor-guerra. América Latina.
Cultura é comum
Authors: Pereira André Alves
Published: December 2020

Tradução do artigo “Culture Is Ordinary”.Publicado no Key Words: A Journal of Cultural Materialism, n. 6, p. 8 - 15, 2008.
Processos de criação de arte educadores/as: a elaboração de recursos didáticos-brinquedos para que bebês aprendam (com) arte
Authors: Baliscei João Paulo Paulo , Ridão Ribeiro dePaula Regina Ridão
Published: December 2020

Nesta reflexão, temos como objetivo refletir sobre o processo de criação de arte educadores/as na elaboração de recursos didáticos-brinquedos - artefatos que contribuem para que bebês brinquem e aprendam (com) Arte. Os pressupostos teórico-metodológicos que orientaram esta pesquisa e os processos de criação que ela envolveu têm relações com os Estudos da Cultura Visual. Como resultado, descrevemos a experiência que vivenciamos no Estágio Supervisionado em Artes Visuais, com uma turma de bebês da Educação Infantil e comentamos sobre os recursos didáticos-brinquedos criados por nós. Também compartilhamos três critérios para incentivar docentes na criação de seus próprios recursos didáticos-brinquedos argumentando sobre as potências que a atuação de profissionais com formação específica em Artes Visuais pode acarretar para a Educação Infantil.
Evaluation of the antimicrobial and resistance-modulating activities of extracts and fractions of Piper mollicomum (Piperaceae)
Authors: da Silva Ana Raquel Pereira , Lima Micheline de Azevedo , Andrade Jacqueline Cosmo , Sobral-Souza Celestina Elba , Costa Maria do Socorro , de Freitas Maria Audilene , Coutinho Henrique Douglas Melo
Published: December 2020

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las actividades antimicrobianas de diferentes extractos de Piper mollicomum Kunth ex Steud. contra cepas estándar y resistentes a múltiples fármacos de bacterias y hongos, así como analizar su potencial para modular la resistencia a los antimicrobianos. Los datos obtenidos en este trabajo demostraron una actividad potenciadora de antibióticos prometedora por parte de P. mollicomum, alentando el desarrollo de nuevas investigaciones para caracterizar las propiedades toxicológicas y farmacológicas de los extractos y compuestos aislados de esta especie, que pueden contribuir al desarrollo de nuevos agentes terapéuticos para combatir la resistencia a los antimicrobianos.

This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of different extracts of Piper mollicomum Kunth ex Steud. against standard and multidrug resistant strains of bacteria and fungi, as well as to analyze their potential to modulate antimicrobial resistance. The data obtained in this work demonstrated promising antibiotic-enhancing activity by P. mollicomum, encouraging the development of further research to characterize the toxicological and pharmacological properties of the extracts and isolated compounds of this species, which may contribute to the development of new therapeutic agents to combat antibacterial resistance.
First records of Onychogomphus cazuma Barona, Cardo et Díaz, 2020 (Odonata: Gomphidae) for the Castilla-La Mancha region (Spain)
Authors: Ramos-Sánchez Jacobo , García-Valero Álvaro , Menor-Albero Ricardo , Tarruella-Rodenas María José , Fernández-Terrer José Luis , Martínez-García Teodoro , Evangelio-Pinach Jesús Miguel
Published: December 2020

En el presente documento se aportan los primeros datos sobre la biología de Onychogomphus cazuma Barona, Cardo et Díaz, 2020 en la región de Castilla-La Mancha (centro-este de España), confirmando su reproducción en dicho territorio mediante el hallazgo de exuvias y una hembra recién emergida. Hasta la fecha la especie solo se había detectado en la provincia de Valencia, en localidades situadas a más de 100 km.

The first data on the biology of Onychogomphus cazuma Barona, Cardo et Díaz, 2020 in Castilla-La Mancha region are provided. Its reproduction in this territory is confirmed by the detection of exuvians and a teneral female. The species had been only detected in the province of Valencia, in locations more than 100 km away.
Fortificaciones, recintos ciclópeos y proceso de romanización en la comarca natural de La Serena (Siglos II a.C al I d.C). Mayoral, Victorino. Instituto de Arqueología de Mérida, Mytra 2, Mérida, 2018, 304 pp. ISBN: 978-84-09-03000-2
Authors: López García Juan José
Published: December 2020

Recensión

Review
Signum/sigillum eucarístico de la ecclesia visigoda Santa María de Elo (El Monastil, Elda)
Authors: Poveda Navarro Antonio Manuel
Published: December 2020

En este breve trabajo se presentan un sigillum/signum cerámico utilizado para producir obleas con el fin de usarlas en el ritual cristiano litúrgico visigodo y el significado eclesiástico de la leyenda que se conserva parcialmente, que parece evidente hace mención a la Santa Virgen María, de modo que sería la primera ocasión en que su advocación aparece, ya en el s. VII d.C. en la parte oriental del Reino Visigodo toledano. Explico su decoración, morfología y significado ideológico paleocristiano, también el significado y valor de su aparición en un contexto de culto cristiano con existencia de un edificio sacro para el mismo.

This short work presents a ceramic sigillum / signum used to produce wafers, in order to use them in the Visigothic Christian liturgical ritual and the ecclesiastical meaning of the legend that is partially preserved, what seems evident makes mention of the Santa Virgen María, so that it would be the first time that her invocation appears, already in the VII century d.C., in the Eastern part of the Visigothic Kingdom of Toledo. I explain its decoration, morphology and early Christian ideological meaning, also the meaning and value of its appearance in a context of Christian worship, with the existence of a sacred building for it.
Praksisnær undervisning
Authors: Højlund Christina
Published: December 2020

I denne artikel beskrives praksisnær undervisning gennem Deweys erfaringsbegreb og hans forståelse af undervisning som en undersøgende og eksperimenterende tilgang til fagene, hvor eleverne får erfaringer med den praktiske virkelighed og med fagenes ’brugsværdi’ i forhold til selvstændiggørelse og livsverdenen uden for skolen. Beskrivelsen trækker også på teorier om pædagogisk entreprenørskab og på Biestas tanker om uddannelse. Baggrunden for at beskæftige sig med praksisnær undervisning er bl.a. det uddannelsespolitiske fokus på praksisfaglighed som en måde at fremme ”flere forskellige aspekter af den enkelte elevs alsidige udvikling og dannelse […] gøre flere elever mere bevidste om, at erhvervsuddannelserne ogsåer en mulighed for de bogligt dygtige elever med praktiske evner […], og styrke elevernes faglige udvikling og øge deres interesse for eksempelvis naturfagene og teknologi” (Regeringen, 2018).

Artiklen beskriver praksisfaglighed gennem praksisnær undervisning og udfolder en bred forståelse af praksisfaglighed, der kan bidrage til mere nuancerede blikke på undervisning.
Kvalitet i engelskundervisningen på mellemtrinet
Authors: Jensen Benthe Fogh
Published: December 2020

Denne artikel bygger på et kritisk, deltagerbaseret aktionsforskningsprojekt, 2018-2019, med det formål at undersøge og udvikle et bud på et teoretisk og pædagogisk grundlag for undervisningen i engelsk på mellemtrinet. I projektets rekognosceringsfaseidentificeredes fl ere eksempler på disconnects. På denne baggrund udarbejdedes et aktionsinitiativ med fokus på at skabe sammenhæng imellem disse.

Udover en analyse og diskussion af projektets resultater peger artiklen på mulige bud på en rekonceptualisering af indhold og metoder i engelskundervisningen på mellemtrinet.
Notes on the Tradition of the Peace of Callias
Authors: Parmeggiani Giovanni
Published: December 2020

An examination of Plut. Cim. 13, 4-5 and Harp. Α 261 Keaney s.v. Ἀττικοῖς γράμμασιν suggests that fourth-century historians Callisthenes (FGrHist 124 F 16) and Theopompus (FGrHist 115 F 154) challenged the view of contemporary Athenians – attested especially in rhetorical writings – that the Peace of Callias was concluded in the 460s BC in the aftermath of the battle at the river Eurymedon. Such a view described the peace as unilateral, i.e., not implying any obligation on the part of the Athenians. The fact that Callisthenes and Theopompus did not accept that tradition, doesn’t imply, per se, that they believed that no peace between Athens and Persia was ever concluded in the V century BC. On the contrary, the peace of 449 BC, as described by Diodorus in XII 4, 4-6 on the basis of fourth-century sources (Ephorus among them), was bilateral, i.e., it implied obligations on both sides (Athens and Persia); whether Callisthenes and Theopompus also disputed that peace was made in 449, is unclear. In addition, this paper explores the possibility of changing the unknown Νέσσου ποταμοῦ with Νείλου ποταμοῦ in the so called ‘Aristodemus’ (FGrHist 104 F 1, 13, 2).
Simulation of pollutant-gas-cloud infrared spectra under plane-array detecting
Authors: Wang An-Jing  , Fang Yong-Hua  , Li Da-Cheng  , Cui Fang-Xiao  , Wu Jun  , Liu Jia-Xiang  , Li Yang-Yu  , Zhao Yan-Dong  ,   Key Laboratory of Optical Calibration and Characterization, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China;,   Science Island Branch, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Published: December 2020

The research on simulation of pollutant-gas-cloud infrared spectra is very important for studying the spectral identification algorithms by using simulated spectra. Some good results of the simulation of pollutant-gas-cloud infrared spectra under single-detector detecting are achieved, and have been used for studying the spectral identification. With the development of infrared detection technology, the infrared imaging spectrometer is used to detect pollutant gas cloud. The gas identification algorithms in the way of plane-array detecion based on the imaging spectrometer also need a number of measured gas-cloud infrared spectrum data cubes. Due to the lack of measured data in studying the spectral identification algorithm that is based on imaging spectrometer, the multiple-layer model of the cloud infrared spectrum is well studied by using the high-precision physics-based gas-cloud explosion model and its gridding simulation results, and the way of simulating pollutant-gas-cloud infrared spectra under plane-array-detector detecting is proposed to generate the infrared spectrum data cube with both spectral and spatial information, which obtains a new research method for the research field. Validations are made by comparing the measured data with the simulated data, and the comparison contains three parts: i) the comparison of measured gas-cloud explosion with simulated gas-cloud explosion, ii) the comparison of spectral identification imaging results between the measured and the simulated gas-cloud infrared spectrum data cubes, and iii) the comparison between the measured and the simulated gas-cloud infrared spectra. The comparison results have two aspects: the first aspect is that the simulated gas-cloud explosion is consistent with the measured explosion and has little difference in separate parts, and the second aspect is that the simulated gas-cloud spectra have relative errors of less than 10% compared with the measured gas-cloud spectra. The conclusion is that the simulation model of pollutant-gas-cloud infrared spectra under plane-array detecting is correct, which is obtained from the validation results that simulated gas-cloud infrared spectrum data cubes are highly precise, whether in the comparison with spectral identification imaging results or in the comparison with gas-cloud spectra. The simulation of pollutant-gas-cloud infrared spectra under plane-array detecting which directly reflects the explosion of pollutant gas cloud and provides complete and realistic infrared spectrum data cube of pollutant gas cloud, is significant for improving and perfecting the spectral identification algorithms.
Dynamic modeling method of flexible bodies with contact/impact based on interactive mode
Authors: Wang Jian-Yao  , Liu Zhu-Yong  , Hong Jia-Zhen  ,   Department of Engineering Mechanics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Published: December 2020

To solve the contact/impact problem of flexible bodies in arbitrary shape, the finite element method is widely used to discretize the contact bodies. In the finite element method, two contact models are mainly used to compute the contact force, i.e., penalty function method and additional constraint method, which are different in constraint imposition strategy. The penalty function method regards the contact effect as a force function of local penetration at the contact point and its rate. This method has gained significant popularity because it does not bring extra dimensions to the dynamic equations and does not need to solve constraint equations either. However, as the non-penetration constraint is not precisely satisfied in the contact process when using the penalty function method, the accuracy of the numerical simulation depends on the choice of the penalty parameter. On the other hand, the additional constraint method can strictly satisfy the contact constraint condition by introducing the Lagrange multipliers into the dynamic equations, but the method poses some numerical difficulties due to the additional effort required to solve the multipliers. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of the two contact methods, the interactive mode method is proposed. This method divides the whole model into local static module and main dynamics module. The static module establishes a local finite element model of the contact region to compute the contact force, and the main dynamics module is used to obtain the kinematic variables of the whole body. In the simulation, the two modules are coupled by exchanging displacements and forces in each time step. In the current integration step, the main dynamics module provides the displacements of the boundaries of the local contact region at first, the values are transferred to the local finite model to compute the contact force next, and then the contact force is fed back to the dynamics module for the calculation of the next step. The proposed method combines the advantages of both the additional constraint method and the penalty function method, in which not only the artificial selection of penalty parameter is avoided, but also the non-penetration constraint of local contact region is satisfied and the numerical solution is convenient. The validity of the proposed method is verified by the comparison between simulation results and experimental results of a rod-plate impact case. Furthermore, a multi-point impact problem of a slider sliding in the gap chute is presented to validate the proposed method of dealing with the general impact problem.
Magnetocaloric effects and magnetic regenerator performances in metallic glasses
Authors: Huo Jun-Tao  , Sheng Wei  , Wang Jun-Qiang  ,   Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
Published: December 2020

Metallic glasses with functional properties, such as magnetic properties, are promising materials for potential applications and have aroused great interest. Magnetic phase transition is an important feature of metallic glass. The unique effect of the magnetic phase transition can be applied to the field of refrigeration. On the one hand, due to its magnetocaloric effect, the amorphous alloy can be used as a magnetic refrigeration material for magnetic refrigerator. On the other hand, because of its specific heat anomaly the amorphous alloy can be used as a magnetic regenerator material for cryogenic refrigerator. In recent years, the magnetocaloric effects and magnetic regenerator performances of metallic glasses have become hot topics in the field, and opened up possibilities for the functional applications of metallic glasses. In this paper, the principle of magnetocaloric effect and magnetic regenerator performance of metallic glass and its characteristics and application prospect are introduced in detail.
Doppler spectrum simulation of nonlinear ocean covered by oil film
Authors: Wang Rui  , Guo Li-Xin  , Zhang Ce  ,   Physics and optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
Published: December 2020

In recent years, marine oil spill has become an important disaster for marine environment. Marine oil spill quantity is an important indicator for evaluating the threat of oil spill. This paper focuses on the Doppler spectrum of one-dimensional (1D) nonlinear ocean covered by oil film. Oil film damps the capillary wave of the ocean, which leads to a smooth profile of the ocean covered by the film. The paper is devoted to the detailed analysis of the electromagnetic magnetic wave scattering from a sea that is covered with oil. More precisely, it focuses on the case of homogeneous oil slicks. This allows better detection of oil spills, as well as possibly an estimation of the amount of oil spilled, as the scattering coefficient depends on the layer thickness. The 1D Creamer nonlinear ocean is proposed based on the PM spectra. The Marangoni damping effect is considered for modeling the contaminated rough ocean surface. First, the influence of oil film on the ocean surface spectrum and geometrical structure are examined briefly in the present study. On this basis, the influence of oil film on the Doppler spectrum signature (in L-band) of the backscattered echo of the clean and contaminated rough ocean are studied in detail based on the iterative physical optics. The results of the Doppler spectrum signature including Doppler shift and spectral bandwidth of the backscattered echo from Creamer nonlinear ocean surface are different from those of the linear ocean surface especially at the big and moderate incident angles, which shows that it is necessary to adopt the Creamer nonlinear model in the paper. The simulation results show that the Doppler spectrum signatures including Doppler shift and spectral bandwidth of the echo from ocean covered by oil film are significantly affected by sea slicks. The influence of some important parameters, such as wind speed, oil-damping values and incident angles on Doppler spectrum signature is investigated and discussed in detail. Moreover, simulation results indicate that the Doppler spectrum signature is a promising technique for the remote sensing of oil films floating on sea surfaces.
Molecular dynamics simulations on DNA flexibility: a comparative study of Amber bsc1 and bsc0 force fields
Authors: Xiong Kai-Xin  , Xi Kun  , Bao Lei  , Zhang Zhong-Liang  , Tan Zhi-Jie  ,   School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
Published: December 2020

The structural flexibility of DNA plays a key role in many biological processes of DNA, such as protein-DNA interactions, DNA packaging in viruses and nucleosome positioning on genomic DNA. Some experimental techniques have been employed to investigate the structural flexibility of DNA with the combination of elastic models, but these experiments could only provide the macroscopic properties of DNA, and thus, it is still difficult to understand the corresponding microscopic mechanisms. Recently, all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation has emerged as a useful tool to investigate not only the macroscopic properties of DNA, but also the microscopic description of the flexibility of DNA at an atomic level. The most important issue in all-atom MD simulations of DNA is to choose an appropriate force field for simulating DNA. Very recently, a new force field for DNA has been developed based on the last generation force field of Amber bsc0, which was named Amber bsc1. In this work, all-atom MD simulations are employed to study the flexibility of a 30-bp DNA with the force fields of Amber bsc1 and Amber bsc0 in a comparative way. Our aim of the research is to examine the improvement of the new development of force field (Amber bsc1) in the macroscopic and microscopic properties of DNA, in comparison with the corresponding experimental measurements. All the MD simulations are performed with Gromacs 4.6 and lasted with a simulation time of 600 ns. The MD trajectories are analyzed with Curves+ for the last 500 ns, since the system reaches equilibrium approximately after ~100 ns. Our results show that the new force field (Amber bsc1) can lead to the improvements in the macroscopic parameters of DNA flexibility, i.e., stretch modulus S and twist-stretch coupling D become closer to experimental measurements, while bending persistence lengths lp and torsional persistence lengths C from the two force fields (bsc1 and bsc0) are both in good agreement with experimental data. Our microscopic analyses show that the microscopic structure parameters of DNA from the MD simulation with the Amber bsc1 force field are closer to the experimental values than those with the Amber bsc0 force field, except for slide, and the obvious improvements are observed in some microscopic parameters such as twist and inclination. Our further analyses show that the improvements in macroscopic flexibility from the Amber bsc1 force field are tightly related to the microscopic parameters and their fluctuations. This study would be helpful in understanding the performances of Amber bsc1 and bsc0 force fields in the description of DNA flexibility at both macroscopic and microscopic level.