bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Line Drawing in the Dark
Authors: Kolber Adam J.
Published: July 2021

The law inevitably draws lines. These lines distinguish, for example, whether certain conduct reflects ordinary recklessness constituting manslaughter or more extreme recklessness constituting murder. There is no way to meaningfully draw such lines, however, absent shared ways of representing amounts of recklessness or at least knowledge of the consequences of drawing lines in particular places. Yet legal actors frequently draw lines in the dark, establishing cutoffs along a spectrum with little or none of the information required to do so in a way that suits the law’s goals. For example, jurors must decide whether some conduct constitutes extreme recklessness without knowing prior precedent nor the sentencing consequences of drawing cutoffs in particular places. Judges and lawyers cite line drawing precedents from other jurisdictions without considering whether the lines drawn in prior cases had the same consequences as those in the case at bar. And scholars argue about how to classify conduct without making clear what consequences they believe ought to attach once the classification is made, leaving it hard to tell when scholars have substantive or simply superficial disagreements. In this Article, I discuss some line drawing problems and briefly suggest ways we can add meaning to cutoffs. More generally, I argue, we can “smooth” certain features of the law to both reduce our vulnerability to line drawing in the dark and improve the fit between the law and what our best theories of law recommend. Even when we cannot easily smooth the law, thinking about the law in a smoother fashion can help reduce the jurisprudential pathologies I describe.
Discontinuities in Criminal Law
Authors: Eisenberg Avlana K.
Published: July 2021

The law values fairness, proportionality, and predictability. Accordingly, in the context of criminal law, punishments should be carefully calibrated to reflect the harm caused by an offense and the culpability of the offender. Yet, while this would suggest the dominance of “smooth” input/output relationships—for example, such that a minuscule increase in culpability would result in a correspondingly small increase in punishment—in fact, the law is laden with “bumpy” input/output relationships. Indeed, a minuscule change in input (be it of harm, culpability, or any number of other measures) may result in a drastic change in output, creating significant discontinuities.

Leading scholars have argued that smooth input/output relationships, which feature careful gradation and calibration, better accord with dominant theories of punishment than do bumpy relationships, which lack fine-tuning. Accepting as a starting premise that smooth input/ output relationships are to be preferred in the criminal law, this Article focuses on the significant doctrinal and practical impediments to smoothing out these relationships. This analysis reveals challenges to smoothing out relationships between inputs and outputs, as well as the difficulties associated with addressing discontinuous relationships among inputs and outputs. Specifically, it exposes the law’s classification of inputs and outputs itself as contestable and responsible for a range of hard-to-resolve discontinuities. In doing so, this Article begins the task of laying the groundwork for further analysis and possible reforms.
Probabilistic Disclosures for Corporate and other Law
Authors: Levmore Saul
Published: July 2021

This Article explores the costs and benefits of one subset of continuous and discontinuous rules. These expressions are shown to be distinct from the familiar dichotomy expressed as standards versus rules, but they share the difficulty of dividing the world of law in two. Still, regulatory approaches that focus on discontinuities can often be made more continuous, and vice versa. A speed limit is discontinuous in the sense that one drives above or below (or within) the announced limit. But it is often made more continuous—even with more discontinuities— as when the stated limit is different for various kinds of vehicles. This Article works around these definitional problems to show that law often discourages useful disclosures by encouraging parties with information to offer continuous information in order to avoid after-the-fact lawsuits when specific disclosures prove to have inaccuracies. For example, it is common to hear or be warned that a medical procedure poses the risk of death, when a better-informed doctor or hospital could have given the precise percentages attached to various outcomes. Similarly, a corporation is on safe ground when it follows “generally accepted accounting principles,” when investors would have learned more from information about good and bad outcomes put in probabilistic terms. The Article works toward the suggestion that law might create a safe harbor in which probabilistic disclosures are protected when they are, or are certified to be, more useful than the ready alternative of fairly general disclosures.
Changing Places, Changing Taxes: Exploiting Tax Discontinuities
Authors: Roin Julie
Published: July 2021

President Trump’s decision to move his official state of residence from high-tax New York to no (income)-tax Florida has brought public attention to an issue that has long troubled scholars, designers and administrators of income tax systems: how the interaction of tax rules deferring the taxation of income and tax rules based on residency allows taxpayers to reduce and even avoid taxation of their deferred income. These discontinuities in tax treatment may lead to excessive migration, as well as reductions in state income tax revenues and distortions in the design of state taxing mechanisms. This Article explains what states would have to do to eliminate these avoidance opportunities. However, it also points out that many of these policy changes would create other tax discontinuities. Ultimately, it leaves open the question whether making any of these changes would lead to fewer financial and behavioral distortions.
How can R&D programs induce unplanned R&D collaborative networks in clusters?
Authors: Belso-Martínez José A. , Díez-Vial Isabel , López-Sánchez María J. , Sánchez María D.
Published: July 2021

R&D policies are usually designed to enhance firms’ internal capabilities, but do not explicitly target R&D cooperation. In this research, we propose that R&D programs can be a suitable instrument when it comes to fostering informal collaborative networking. We focus on a regional level, the cluster, and establish that firms can use their R&D subsidies not only to become more innovative, i. e. input-output additionality, but also to develop R&D informal collaborations, i. e. behavior additionality. To test this hypothesis, relational data from a biotechnological cluster in Alicante (Spain) have been analyzed. Results from ERGM confirm that promoting internal R&D efforts prompts the formation of knowledge-based relationships at the cluster level. Policy makers should consider this unforeseen behavior when designing and evaluating non-collaborative R&D support programs. New evidence on the role of distant and diverse non-local linkages on local network dynamics is also provided.
Ion-acoustic stable oscillations, solitary, periodic and shock waves in a quantum magnetized electron–positron–ion plasma
Authors: Atteya Ahmed , El-Borie Mohamed A. , Roston Gamal D. , El-Helbawy Abdel-Aziz Samir , Prasad Punam Kumari , Saha Asit
Published: July 2021

Nonlinear stable oscillations, solitary, periodic and shock waves in electron–positron–ion (EPI) quantum plasma in the presence of an external static magnetic field are reported. The Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers (KdVB) equation is derived by the reductive perturbation technique (RPT). The wave solution gives shock waves depending on various parameters as quantum diffraction parameter (β), electron and positron Fermi temperatures, and densities of the system species. Amplitude, polarity, speed, and width of wave solutions are remarkably modified by species densities, kinematic viscosity, and the Bohm potential. Existence of stable oscillation of ion-acoustic waves (IAWs) is shown by using the concept of phase plane analysis. Stability of wave solution is analysed by examining the Bohm potential effect. In the absence of dissipation, phase plane of the considered plasma system is analysed to discuss the existence of periodic wave solution. The results of this study could be helpful for comprehension of the wave features in dense quantum plasmas, like white dwarfs, laboratory plasma as interaction experiments of intense laser-solid matter and microelectronic devices.
Self-efficacy and psychological well-being of teachers
Authors:   University of Łódź, Lipińska-Grobelny Agnieszka , Narska Marta
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The aim of the presented research was to check whether there is a connection between teachers’ self-efficacy and their psychological well-being from a holistic (hedonic and eudaimonic) perspective. Method: The study involved 100 teachers who were asked to fill in the following research tools with proven psychometric properties: the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and the Psychological Well-being Scale. Results: The obtained data confirm that there is a connection between self-efficacy belief, and hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. The degree of professional promotion grades modifies the relationships considered. Conclusions: The psychological well-being of teachers is significantly associated with their evaluation of efficacy, which may have a positive impact on the effectiveness of teachers’ professional functioning and the achievements of their students.
Motives, benefits and difficulties in online collaborative learning versus the field of study. An empirical research project concerning Polish students
Authors:   Nicolaus Copernicus University, Kwiatkowska Wioletta , Wiśniewska-Nogaj Lidia
Published: July 2021

As a result of universities’ growing interest in online learning, largely due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to adapt online learning methods to students’ professional preferences. The learning environment should accordingly be designed so as to ensure the highest possible engagement levels from the participants. This article discusses the value of collaboration in online learning along with its determinants. It highlights the need to include the crucial activities in the remote education of university students while taking into account their individualization and diverse motives. The analysis reveals that students cannot be treated as a homogeneous group; the preferences and abilities represented by them – which are associated with their field of study – determine their functioning in the remote learning environment. Based on their empirical study, the authors propose recommendations that may be helpful for educators in online collaborative learning.
Challenges of administering university examinations remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic. e-mentor, 3(90), 22–31. https://doi.org/10.15219/em90.1519
Authors:   The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Łukasiewicz-Wieleba Joanna , Romaniuk Miłosz Wawrzyniec
Published: July 2021

The article presents the results of a research questionnaire conducted among students and lecturers after the first, and repeated after the second, exam session during the pandemic crisis as this was the first time the examinations were conducted by distance education at The Maria Grzegorzewska University (Warsaw, Poland). Lecturers see the advantages of remote examination in the technological possibilities of conducting examinations (automation in checking and assessing the tests and archiving the results), time savings (immediate availability of results, flexibility of examination dates), and organizational improvements. Students indicate the comfort of writing the exam in a friendly environment, which reduces stress, and appreciate the possibility of obtaining results quickly and the need to spend less time on the exam itself. In the case of disadvantages of remote exams, lecturers indicate a lack of control over the independence and integrity of students, and students complain about the stringent time constraints, distractors and stress, as well as the level of the exam (both higher and lower compared to the level of traditional exams) and the adequacy of the grades obtained. Both groups consider technical problems that arise during the exam to be severe. Twenty percent of students admit to using unauthorized assistance during tests and exams. Academic teachers try to reduce the dependence of students by choosing an appropriate form of the exam (problem tasks, oral exams, open-ended questions, test variants), using special strategies (comparing students’ work, control questions, looking for parts of final papers on the Internet), and using technical solutions (requirement of turning on the camera, checking the metadata of files, the need to document work). The search for an effective and appropriate method of verification of learning outcomes is ongoing.
Development of prospective preschool and primary school teachers in the area of ICT use in education
Authors:   University of Silesia in Katowice, Smyrnova-Trybulska Eugenia
Published: July 2021

The study was intended to examine the evaluation of the development of students’ and future teachers’ preparation in the area of digital preschool and primary school education, supported by information and communication technology (ICT). In this article, the author studies the concept and the curriculum of the “Information technology in the education of children of preschool and primary education” course implemented in the pedagogy program bachelor specialization referred to as “Preschool and primary school education,” with active e-learning support, particularly in the form of distance courses, applications, Internet sources, websites, and digital resources. The author analyzes details of the curriculum of the course, the concept of each task, criteria of their assessment, the learning outcomes, and examples of projects. A review is provided of a course based on some evaluative materials. Moreover, the author discusses selected results of surveys of students’ opinions about specific tasks, particularly the evaluation criteria of didactic applications and educational websites, self-reflections on course achievements, and fulfilment of their expectations.
Transactional and transformational leadership in the context of perceived organizational justice and its dimensions. Identification of the interdependencies
Authors:   Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Wojciechowska-Dzięcielak Paulina , Szumowski Witold
Published: July 2021

The authors of this article analyzed the phenomenon of the interdependence between transactional/transformational leadership style and perceived organizational justice (and its dimensions). In the first part of the article, the necessity to conduct detailed research on aforementioned subject is presented. Next, a literature review was carried out in order to examine the possibly toothcombing links between organizational justice and transactional/transformational leadership (taking into consideration the multidimensionality of those subjects). Leadership style and perceived organizational justice are linked to many organizational aspects such as organizational citizenship behaviors, work commitment, job satisfaction, knowledge-sharing, willingness to share knowledge, and burnout. The authors of this publication attempted to present research scope as having growth potential for future studies.
Can digital transformation be measured from a strategic perspective? Some evidence based on content analysis in the banking and clothing industries.
Authors:   SGH Warsaw School of Economics, Tomaszewski Albert
Published: July 2021

Digital transformation is widely recognized to be a key issue in contemporary management studies. The area is attracting increasing attention because of both the general trend of the growing importance which digital technologies play in the present society, as well as the ways companies are using digital technologies to improve their competitive advantage. As a result, digital transformation is a subject of a growing number of papers, research, and managerial publications. The main aim of this work is to propose and validate a method to measure the phenomenon and its role in companies’ strategies, and to gather information on strategic directions for digital transformation in enterprises. This paper presents an overview of the literature discussion on digital transformation. A method to study directions of digital transformation in enterprises is demonstrated. It is based on the content analysis methodology and is used to study a choice-based sample of companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The research carried out offers preliminary evidence supporting the conclusion that digital transformation is a phenomenon which can be measured with the content analysis framework. The findings also outline strategic directions for digital transformation and shed light on possible variables influencing the process.
Implementation aspects of agile methods in large organizations
Authors:   SGH Warsaw School of Economics, Pawlak Robert
Published: July 2021

The aim of this article is to analyze the challenges and success factors on organizations’ path to agile transformation, as frequently discussed in the literature and encountered in business practice. The research conducted proved that large-scale agile transformations require a dedicated approach with set of tools and best practices in place. The implementation challenges and barriers have been categorized into method-, organization-, culture- and technology-oriented groups. As a result of an in-depth analysis carried on for the purpose of this paper, a dedicated methodology of agile transformation has been proposed to ease the implementation process.
Potential of beacons to enhance teaching and learning in stationary education.
Authors:   Cracow University of Economics, Bajak Maria
Published: July 2021

Dynamic technological progress is actively influencing the shape of modern education. Inventions that are constantly appearing on the market are often adapted to the needs of schools. One of the technologies that shows special potential in didactics is beacons. Beacons are small devices that can be used for communication, navigation and researching the recipient’s behavior. These functionalities are used in the education process, enabling the creation of completely new learning experiences. According to research, they can be successfully used in the classroom, during the formal learning process, as well as in various institutions, such as in informal transfer of knowledge, for example in cultural institutions. These sensors can contribute to the creation of a dynamic space for the exchange of knowledge and experiences, which will automatically respond to the individual needs of the recipient. The main goal of this article is to present the possibility of using beacons in the context of stationary education. The considerations were based on a review of the available literature. The work draws attention not only to the problems of the sensors themselves, but also to the possibility of their cooperation with other technologies. The collaboration of technical tools may contribute to the creation of more comprehensive solutions and, as a result, an increase in the quality and efficiency of the education process. However, as the analysis shows – beacons can be a promising technology in education, but their use is niche. Perhaps in future years, there will be more such solutions that will enable a more accurate assessment of these sensors. The author intends to continue her research to support the adoption of the described technology in Polish educational institutions.
Stimulating active participation with class materials using Interactive Document
Authors:   FeedbackFruits, Hasan Dan , Rinaldi Matteo
Published: July 2021

Online learning became one of the most discussed topics during the COVID-19 pandemic. The educational world had to implement and deliver online courses for their students, and millions of students found themselves behind their laptop rather than in class in a matter of weeks. This article introduces a specific piece of software, Interactive Document, tailored to higher education to allow heightened interaction and active participation with study materials. This article explains the main elements of the tool, including how instructors can benefit from using Interactive Document integrated with Microsoft Teams. Characteristics of the software such as in-line comments, practice questions, anti-skimming features, comment sorting, and the ability to attach files are discussed, with references to use cases where these features were applied. Finally, a case study from Texas A&M International University is presented, highlighting how Interactive Document enhances students’ critical skills and structural understanding, while allowing instructors to have a deeper overview on student performance and interaction with the study material.
Peran Norma Deskriptif dan Kepribadian terhadap Perilaku Melawan Arah pada Pengendara Sepeda Motor
Authors: Irta Aflah Zakinov , Maulina Dewi , Santoso Guritnaningsih A.
Published: July 2021

This study aims to investigate the role of descriptive norms and personality traits in predicting contraflow riding behavior among motorcyclists. A correlational study was conducted to 156 riders who have the active riding licenses, aged 17 to 51 years old. Participants was given validated scenarios to measure descriptive norm and the contraflow riding behavior, and the Indonesian adapted version of the Big Five self-report to measure extraversion and conscientiousness traits. The results show that descriptive norms have a significant role in predicting contraflow riding behavior. Age has also a significant role in predicting contraflow riding behavior.  When the riders perceived that many riders perform contraflow behavior and the younger their age, they are more likely to perform the contraflow riding behavior. Based on this study, the policy makers should make a serious effort in developing the descriptive norms to reduce contraflow riding behavior, especially among young motorcyclists.
Peningkatan Efikasi Diri Matematika melalui Metode Belajar Mind Map
Authors: Aulia Nurani Gita , Alsa Asmadi
Published: July 2021

This study aims to test empirically the effect of the mind maps visual learning method on increasing the self-efficacy of learning mathematics in junior high school students. The research design used a quasi-experimental design with the one-group pretest-posttest design. The research subjects were collected using a non-random purposive sampling technique with 22 students who had moderate to low self-efficacy scores. Data collection used the mathematics self-efficacy scale, and data analysis using repeated analysis of variance. The results showed that there was a difference in the average score of learning mathematics self-efficacy between pre-test and post-test. This finding may indicate that the mind maps visual learning method has a positive effect on increasing the self-efficacy of learning mathematics in junior high school students. The increase in the average self-efficacy score in the generalization dimension was 5.8 points, the level dimension was 4.5 points, and the strength dimension was 3.1 points.
Peran Hardiness sebagai Moderator dalam Pengaruh Job Insecurity terhadap Job Stress
Authors: Fridayanti Fridayanti , Permatasari Ayu , Hambali Adang
Published: July 2021

This study aims to examine the role of hardiness in moderating the effect of job insecurity on job stress. The research method used is quantitative causality. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling. The total respondents in this study were 142 honorary teachers at public elementary schools in Cileunyi District, Bandung Regency. The data collection technique used a questionnaire consisting of three measuring scales, namely The Job Insecurity scale, The Job Stress Scale (JSS), and The Occupational Hardiness Questionnaire (OHQ). The data analysis technique uses the MRA (Moderated Regression Analysis) test. The results showed that job insecurity had a significant effect on job stress and hardiness could not moderate the effect of job insecurity on job stress. This shows that hardiness does not significantly affect in reducing the effect in the relation of job insecurity toward job stress.
Leisure Boredom dan Religiusitas: Pengaruhnya terhadap Kecenderungan Adiksi Internet
Authors: Kosasih Azti Verina Noor Azizah , Sarbini Sarbini , Mulyana Agus
Published: July 2021

The internet is an unavoidable necessity. There are positive and negative impacts of internet. One of the negative impacts is addiction. Reasons for someone become addicted to the internet including leisure boredom and religiosity. This study aims to determine whether leisure boredom and religiosity have an influence on the internet addiction in students of UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung. The research method used a quantitative causality design which is analyzed using multiple regression. The study was conducted on 265 students recruited using the accidental sampling method. The measurement uses three scales, the Leisure Boredom Scale, The Centrality of Religiosity Scale, then the Internet Addiction Test. The results showed that leisure boredom and religiosity had significant influence on internet addiction. Influence given is 5.3%. This finding indicates that leisure boredom and religiosity affect someone to become internet addicted by 5.3%, Meanwhile, 94.7% of other factors that influence addiction to the internet may still need further research.
Self Disclosure Santri Remaja di Media Sosial: Peran Self Identity Status dan Affiliation Motive
Authors: Hikmawati Fenti , Nurawaliah Alida , Hidayat Ila Nurlaila
Published: July 2021

One of the most important developmental tasks for adolescents is to find self-identity. Some of the teenagers take education in Islamic boarding schools so that they have a special predicate as Islamic students or santri. For this reason, it is important to understand how the process of developing adolescent students in the formation of their identity status as Islamic students in the current modern era. This study aims to determine the effect of self identity status and affiliation motive on self disclosure in adolescent Islamic students. This study uses a quantitative correlational method with a total of 140 students was obtained through random sampling techniques. Data collection tools using self identity status scale, affiliation motive scale and self disclosure scale. The multiple linear regression analysis show that there is an influence of self identity status and affiliation motive on self disclosure on social media.
Peran Parenting Self-Efficacy dan Optimisme terhadap Psychological Well-Being Ibu yang Memiliki Anak Intellectual Disability
Authors: Pasyola Nuri Ersy , Abdullah Asti Meiza , Puspasari Diah
Published: July 2021

The presence of children will affect the lives of their parents. Parenting and educating Intellectual Disability (ID) children creates certain pressures, especially for mothers. Many mothers experienced stress and have feelings of uncertainty about their ability to care for which lead to pessimism. These stress and anxiety may have an impact on the psychological well-being of the mothers. The purpose of this study was to determine whether parenting self-efficacy and optimism affect the psychological well-being of mothers with ID children. This study used a quantitative approach with a causal correlational design. The research subjects were 43 mothers who had children with ID. The data was collected using a questionnaire consists of the Self-Efficacy for Parenting Index (SEPTI) adapted from Coleman and Karakker, optimism scale, and psychological well-being Scales (PWBS) adapted from Ryff. The results show that parenting self-efficacy and optimism had an effect on psychological well-being
Konseling Keluarga untuk Meningkatkan Ketahanan Keluarga
Authors: Ulfiah Ulfiah
Published: July 2021

The background of this study is based on the significance of family counseling to increase family resilience. This counseling is needed to help families in dealing with complex family problems and involves many factors. The purpose of this study is to review the literatures on family counseling approach in increasing family resilience. This study uses a systematic literature review (SLR) approach from various articles that discuss family counseling, family resilience, and household problems. The author used 3 selection criteria for the literature study: periodization, keywords, and limitation. The results show that the family and family resilience must be seen as a system that has various influencing factors. The important role of family counseling is to help families in dealing with crisis situations, find the right solution, bring out the best potential, and develop the ability to work together.
Optimisme pada Wanita Lanjut Usia yang Mengalami Kematian Pasangan Hidup
Authors: Tiyaningsih Fetty Nur , Sulandari Santi
Published: July 2021

This study aims to describe the problem, the form of optimism, and influential factors of optimism on elder people who experienced loss of the loved ones. This study used quantitative-phenomenology with the data collection used semi-structured interviews. The informants were recruited using purposive sampling technique with the total of five elder widows in Sragen. The data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The information record, member-checking, and data delivery were implemented to maintain data validity and objectivity. The results show that the problem after the loss including the feel of loss, decrease of economic condition, loneliness, and health degradation. In overcoming the problems, they were not easily give up and despair, always accept the changes, and have a good hope on their life events. These ability occured because of the willingness to bounce back, attention and support from the closest people. The importance of optimism lead to a motivation from inside the elder widow to rise up and have positive thoughts on life problems they experienced.
Tipe-Tipe Kualitas Perkawinan Orang Yogyakarta
Authors: Nurhayati Siti Rohmah
Published: July 2021

This study aims to explore the types of marital quality. A survey was distributed to 316 participants with the characteristics of having been married for at least five years and identified themselves as people of Yogyakarta, which were obtained purposively. The instrument used marital quality scale which was analyzed quantitatively using cluster analysis. Grouping using cluster analysis was based on indicators of marital quality, namely connectivity, passion, complementarity, mutual respect, mutual acceptance, sharing roles, carrying out the roles with responsibility, harmony, and happiness. The results of the analysis showed that there were three types of marital quality that is happy, functional, and survival type. The happy type is the best quality type that scores above the average population score for all indicators. The second, functional type, has a score below the first type, with variations for each indicator. The third type is the type with the lowest score compared to the other two types.
“Drive Your Career”: Strategi Meningkatkan Adaptabilitas Karier Melalui Pelatihan Karier
Authors: Wibowo Doddy Hendro , Yuwono Emmanuel Satyo
Published: July 2021

Career problems experienced by students may indicate that they do not understand their potential, lack of career information, choose wrong majors, doubt about career choices, and do not have a career yet. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the "Drive Your Career" training method can improve students' career adaptability. The training module was developed by researchers and used an experimental research design "one group pretest posttest design". The sampling method used purposive sampling technique involving 46 students of class IX Junior High School (SMP). Career adaptability was measured using the Career Adaptability Scale. The results show that there is an effect of using the "Drive Your Career" training method to improve career adaptability.
Daylight in Buildings and Visual Comfort Evaluation: the Advantages and Limitations
Authors:   School of Architecture and Built Environment, Deakin University, Geelong Waterfront Campus, Australia, Tabadkani Amir , Roetzel Astrid ,   School of Architecture and Built Environment, Deakin University, Geelong Waterfront Campus, Australia, Li Hong Xian ,   School of Architecture and Built Environment, Deakin University, Geelong Waterfront Campus, Australia, Tsangrassoulis Aris ,   Department of Architecture, University of Thessaly, Perion Areos, 38334 Volos, Greece
Published: July 2021

Exposure to daylight significantly affects the psychological well-being of occupants by diminishing headaches, eye tensions, or stress. Daylight penetration is a matter of collaboration between building façade and perimeter zones that can be controlled through façade design features. This study reviews available daylighting systems to block or redirect natural light inside the space and their overall performance. Adaptation found to be the main key feature of daylighting systems to improve their effectiveness in indoor environments. As the main implication of such systems on the visual comfort performance of occupants, a list of quantitative indices is studied based on their mathematical equation to outline their advantages and limitations. Findings revealed a lack of agreement on acceptable indoor illuminance thresholds for most of the indices and the absence of a reliable glare index in presence of sun within the view field of the occupant. Similarly, many green building certifications propose a specific criterion to assess view out but remained a challenge for future studies.
Tam Gün Eğitim ve Etkileri Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: DOĞAN Soner , ERBIYIK Sezin
Published: July 2021

Türkiye’de durumlarına göre okullarda tam gün ve ikili eğitim olmak üzere iki ayrı sistem uygulanmaktadır. Eğitim sistemimizde yer alan ikili eğitim ve tam gün eğitim modeli, başta Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı olmak üzere tüm eğitim kurumlarının üzerinde çalıştığı güncel konulardan biri olmaya devam ederken; ülkenin farklı bölgelerinde, farklı il ve ilçelerinde fiziki şartlara ve olanaklara bağlı olarak farklılıklar gösterebilmekte ve bazı okullarda tam gün eğitime geçilirken bazı okullarda alt yapı yetersizliğinden ikili eğitime devam edilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, öğretmen ve yönetici görüşlerine göre tam gün eğitim uygulamasını değerlendirmektir. Covid-19 virüs salgını ile birlikte ikili eğitime dönüş konusunda ortaya çıkan tartışmalar konuyu yeniden gündeme taşımıştır. Her iki durumun da olumlu ve olumsuz yönlerinin olması, eğitim paydaşlarını fikir ayrılıklarına sevk etmektedir. Çalışma nitel olgubilim (fenemoloji) deseninde yapılandırılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Sivas’ın ilçelerinde görev yapan 5 öğretmen ve 5 okul yöneticisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu aracılığıyla katılımcılarla yüz yüze görüşmeler yapılarak veriler toplanmıştır. Veriler içerik analizi ile değerlendirilerek tablolar halinde sunulmuştur. Araştırma bulgularına göre tam gün eğitimin olumlu yanları incelendiğinde; eğitimin gün içine yayılmış olması ve ders aralarında uzun dinlenme sürelerinin olması, uygun öğrenme ortamlarının sağlanabilmesi, konuya hem öğretmenlerin hem de öğrencilerin daha fazla zaman ayırabilmesi, öğrenci merkezli ve yapılandırmacı eğitimin daha işlevsel uygulanma imkânı bulunması gibi faktörler eğitime olumlu katkılar sağlamaktadır. Aile ile geçirilen ortak zamanın azalması, okulda disiplin ve güvenlik sorunlarının artması, öğle yemeklerinin sorun oluşturması, okulun fiziki imkânlarının yeterli olmaması tam gün eğitime ilişkin ortaya çıkan olumsuz durumlardır.
Cengiz Aytmatov’un “Toprak Ana” Eserinin “Ekoeleştiri” Bağlamında İncelenmesi
Authors: İSMAİLOVA Zhyldyz , ALTIOK Emrah
Published: July 2021

İnsan ve doğa arasındaki mücadele, insanoğlunun gücünü keşfettiğinden beri sürekli artarak devam etmiştir. İnsanoğlu akli gücünü keşfinden sonra doğayı tahrip etmiş ve doğanın tüm olanaklarından yararlanmıştır. Kentleşme sonucu insanın doğa ile savaşı da artmıştır. Kendini doğadan bağımsız gören insan, doğayı sömürülecek bir hammadde seviyesine indirgemiştir. İnsan geçmişten bu yana çevresiyle etkileşim halinde olduğundan yaşadığı çevreyi, zamanın gerekçelerine ve imkânlarına uygun şekilde dönüştürür. Ekoeleştirmenler insan tarafından doğanın bilinçsizce ele geçirilmesini ve hammadde kaynağı olarak sömürülmesini eleştirirler. Çevreye verilen zarar insanlığa verilmiş zarar olarak gören yazarlar bu tahribatı eserlerinde eleştirel bir bağlamda yansıtırlar. Ekoeleştiri de bu eserlerdeki mesajları açığa çıkararak çevreci bir bakış ile yorumlar. Eserlerinde doğayı yoğun bir şekilde işleyen Aytmatov, doğal yaşamın katledilmesiyle insan yaşamının da yok olacağının farkındadır. Aytmatov, eserlerinde zamanın şahidi olarak insanlık duraksamalarımıza karşı bir bilinçlilik halinin görüngüsüdür. O, insanları uyaran bir yazar olarak dünya yok olmasın ve insan kendi sonunu hazırlamasın diye eserleri aracılığıyla insanlığa uyarı yapmıştır. Bu uyarıları ortaya çıkarmak için Aytmatov’un eserleri üzerine yakın okumalar yapmak ve bunları tespit etmek gereklidir. Bizde bu çalışmada, edebiyat ve çevre ilişkisini ortaya çıkaran ekoeleştiri kuramının Cengiz Aytmatov’un Toprak Ana romanında nasıl görüldüğünü irdeleyerek yakın okumalar yaptık. Çalışmada ilk önce ekoeleştirinin ne olduğu, neyin üzerinde durduğu tartışılacaktır. Daha sonra ise romandan hareketle toprak için savaşın insanların hayatlarını nasıl etkilediği ve üzerlerindeki psikolojik etkiye değinilecektir. İnsanların toprak uğruna birbirlerini yok etme pahasına savaşmalarının yanında geride kalan insanlar ise savaşın psikolojik etkisi ile yaşam mücadelesi vermektedirler. Bu yaşam mücadelesi yanında savaşın doğayı nasıl kuraklaştırdığı ve doğayı nasıl yok ettiği üzerinde de durulacaktır.
Festivallerden Festivalizm ve Bienallere
Authors: RENKÇİ TAŞTAN Tuğba
Published: July 2021

Küreselleşme ve liberal politikanın benimsenmesi ile, özellikle 1990’lı yıllarda, tüm dünyada düzenlenen festivaller, fuarlar ve bienallerin sayısında artış yaşanmıştır. Kentlerin dünyada mega kent olması ve kentin kültür kimliğinin zenginleşmesi açısından bu etkinlikler oldukça önemli bir role sahip olmuştur. Küresel sermayeyi elinde bulunduran şirketlerin önderliğinde ve sponsorluğunda organize edilen bu etkinlikler; dünyadaki sanat ortamı, sanat piyasası ve sanatçılar açısından yeni bir dönemin habercisi olmuştur. Sanatçılar ve yapıtlar uluslararası organizasyonlarla küresel ortamda dolaşıma sokulmuş, her ülke kendi yerel sanatını tanıtma ve sergileme şansına sahip olmuştur. Festivaller, Peter Schjeldahl’ın (d. 1942) deyimi ile, festivalizme dönüşerek, küresel kapitalist sistemde farklı bir yapıda biçimlenmiştir. Türkiye’de ise, 1973 yılında festivallere yönelik bir çalışmanın olabilmesi konusunda önemli bir adım atılmış; içeriğinde klasik müziğe yer veren Uluslararası İstanbul Festivali adı altında sanat festivali düzenlenmiştir. 1980’lerde serbest piyasa ekonomisine geçilmesi ile, ilerleyen yıllarda bu festivalin daha kapsamlı ve uluslararası organizasyonlarla yeniden yapılandığı görülmektedir. Araştırma kapsamında ulaşılan ve incelenen veriler, literatür tarama yöntemi ile elde edilmiştir. Bu araştırma, bir kavram olarak festival olgusunu irdeleyerek; sanat alanında toplumsal, kültürel ve ekonomik açılımlarla tarihsel sürece konumlandırabilmeyi amaçlamıştır. Bununla birlikte, küresel dünyaya geçiş ile festivalizm nedir? sorusuna cevap aranırken, özellikle festival ve bienallerin kentleşme olgusu içinde nasıl yer bulduğuna ve çağdaş sanattaki oluşumlar ve etkileri elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda ortaya koymaktır. Türkiye’de ise; İstanbul Kültür Sanat Vakfı (İKSV)’nın kuruluşu, sanat festivallerinin bienalleşmesi, tarihsel süreç ve bienallerin farklı etkinliklerle sanat alanındaki önemli rolü üzerinde durulmuştur. Mekân ve izleyici/alımlayıcı odaklı festivaller ve bienallerin, kentleşme ve çağdaş sanattaki politik konumu/rolü üzerine bir araştırma metni ortaya konmuştur.
Anlam Arayışı ve Psikopatoloji: Varoluşsal Öfke ve Savunma Mekanizmalarının Psikolojik Belirtilerle İlişkilerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: TAŞÇI Faik , BİLGE Yusuf
Published: July 2021

Varoluşçu psikoloji insanın temel motivasyon kaynağını anlam arayışı olarak görmektedir. Temel varoluşsal ihtiyaç olan anlam arayışının karşılanmaması veya engellenmesi durumunda varoluşsal öfke ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Temel varoluşsal problemlerden biri olan varoluşsal öfke ile baş edebilmek adına ise savunma mekanizmaları kullanılmaktadır. Savunma mekanizmaları temel varoluşsal problemleri işleyen ve bilince farklı şekilde çıkmasını sağlayan yapılardır. Savunma mekanizmalarının uyumsuz olarak kullanılması psikolojik belirtilerin ortaya çıkmasıyla yakından ilişkilidir. Psikolojik belirtiler kişinin dış dünya ile uyumsuz baş etme çabaları olarak değerlendirilmekte ve varoluşsal problem yaşayan kişilerin kullandıkları savunma mekanizması profilleri ile psikolojik belirtiler arasında bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Varoluşsal öfkenin varoluşsal bir problem olmasından hareketle mevcut çalışmada varoluşsal öfke, savunma mekanizmaları ve psikolojik belirtiler arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla 18-65 yaş aralığında toplam 213 kişiye “Varoluşsal Öfke Ölçeği”, “Savunma Biçimleri Testi” ve “Kısa Semptom Envanteri” uygulanmıştır. Varoluşsal öfke, savunma mekanizmaları ve psikolojik bozukluklar arasındaki ilişkinin seviyesini ve yönünü belirlemek için Pearson Momentler Çarpımı Korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Varoluşsal öfke ve savunma mekanizmalarının psikolojik bozuklukları yordama gücünün tespiti için ise hiyerarşik doğrusal regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Yapılan istatistiksel analizler sonucunda varoluşsal öfke ve tüm psikolojik belirtiler arasında anlamlı ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir. Ek olarak varoluşsal öfke ve farklı savunma mekanizmaları profillerinin farklı psikolojik belirtileri yordadıkları görülmüştür. Elde edilen bulgular, varoluşsal öfke ve savunma mekanizmalarının psikolojik belirti türlerini ortaya çıkarabileceğine dair istatiksel kanıtlar sunmuştur. Bu bağlamda klinik ortamda psikolojik belirti türlerine yönelik yapılacak çalışmalarda varoluşsal öfke ve savunma mekanizmalarının göz önünde bulundurulmasının faydalı olabileceği düşünülebilir. Ayrıca klinisyenlerin psikolojik belirtilerin sağaltımı konusunda çalışırken kişilerin varoluşsal problemlerine ve kullandıkları savunma mekanizmalarına eğilmeleri de daha sağlıklı değerlendirmelerde bulunmalarına yardımcı olacaktır denilebilir.
İş Etiği Dinamiklerinin Dematel Yöntemi ile İncelenmesi
Authors: EĞİLMEZ Özüm , SAVAŞ Beyza Nur
Published: July 2021

İş Etiği literatürde sayısız araştırmaya konu olmasına rağmen, ele alınan değişken çeşitliliği ve her değişkenin farklı çalışmada ele alınması bir yana; hangi değişkenin İş Etiği kavramını daha çok yordadığı ve diğer olası değişkenler ile ilişkileri bağlamında araştırma eksiği bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle bu çalışma, İş Etiği sorunsalını bankacılık sektörü çalışanlarının katılımı ve DEMATEL yöntemi yardımıyla çözümlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. İlgili literatür gözden geçirilerek 13 değişken, 3 ana kriter altında sınıflanmıştır. Bu çalışmada DEMATEL yaklaşımı, birbirini etkileyen ve birbirlerinden etkilenen boyutlar/alt boyutlar arasındaki içsel ilişkiyi ortaya çıkarmak adına iş etiği faktörlerinin ağırlıklarını belirlemek için kullanılmıştır. Bu bilinmeyenleri belirlemek, her bir ana boyutun alt boyutlarının göreceli öneminin vurgulanarak iş etiği konusunda mevcut bilgi ve anlayışına Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemi ile farklı bir bakış açısı getirerek uygulamacıların ve yöneticilerin iş etiği bağlamında politika belirlemelerinde öncülük edecektir. Bu sorunları anlamak için çalışma kapsamında Türk bankacılık sisteminde, sektörü yakından tanıyan yöneticilerin etik uygulamaları ve etiğe bakış açılarını ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda bankacılık sektöründe iş etiğini etkileyen dinamiklerin, sosyal, sektörel ve organizasyonel faktörler bakımından incelenmesi ve hangi ana ve alt kriterlerin ön plana çıktığı ve kendi aralarındaki ilişkilerini ortaya koymak bu araştırmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada organizasyonel ana kriterinin İş Etiği’nin oluşabilmesi için gerekli ve en önemli faktör olarak bulunmuştur. Sektörel faktörler ikinci sırada yer almış ve sosyal faktörler üçüncü sırada yer almıştır. DEMATEL sonuçları bağlamında her ana kriter için değerlendirildiğinde: örgütsel faktörler arasında örgüt kültürü; sektörel faktörler arasında sektörel rekabet ve sosyal faktörler arasından kişisel etik en önemli yordayıcılar olarak bulunmuş ve sonuçlar tartışılmıştır. Alt boyutlar arasındaki ilişkilerden elde edilen bulgulara dayanarak birtakım uygulamaya dönük öneriler geliştirilebileceği, bu pratik katkılar sadece bankacılık sektörü değil, iş etiği bağlamında aynı ilişkisel yapının olduğu çeşitli sektörlerdeki işletmelerce de uygulanabilir olduğu belirtilmiştir.
“Başarılı bir öğretmenin çocukların katılımına önem vermesi gerektiğini düşünüyorum.”: Okulda Çocuk Katılımına İlişkin Fenomenolojik Bir Çalışma
Authors: AKYOL Tugce , ERDEM Havva
Published: July 2021

Öğretmen adaylarının çocuk katılımına ilişkin olumlu bakış açısına sahip olmaları, ileriki meslek yaşamlarında katılım hakkını gerçekleştirme biçimlerini ve uygulamaların niteliğini etkileyecektir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, okul öncesi ve sınıf öğretmen adaylarının eğitim kurumlarında çocuk katılımına yönelik görüşlerinin belirlenmesidir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenolojik yaklaşım kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, Türkiye’nin iç ege bölgesindeki bir üniversitenin okul öncesi eğitimi ve sınıf eğitimi bölümlerinin son sınıfta öğrenim görmekte olan 8’i okul öncesi, 8’i sınıf öğretmen adayı olmak üzere toplam 16 öğretmen adayı oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak, araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan “Öğretmen Adaylarının Çocuk Katılımına Yönelik Görüşme Formu” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen verilerin analizinde içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen veriler, dört tema çocuğun okulda katılımı, sınıfta alınan kararlar, görüşlerin ifade edilme süreci ve öğretmenlik uygulamasındaki deneyimler olmak üzere toplam dört tema altında toplanmıştır. Bu araştırma sonucunda okul öncesi ve sınıf öğretmen adaylarının katılıma yönelik olumlu bir bakış açısına sahip oldukları, katılımı sağlamaya yönelik uygulamalar konusunda deneyim kazanmak istedikleri belirlenmiştir. Öğretmen adayları, öğretmenlik deneyimleri sırasında çocukların görüşlerini soru-cevap yöntemi ile almaya çalıştıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Ayrıca bu araştırmaya katılan öğretmen adaylarının çocuk katılımını sağlamada aile ve öğretmenin önemli olduğunu ve ileriki meslek yaşamlarında katılım süreçlerine yer vermeyi düşündükleri görülmüştür. Öğretmen adaylarının çocuk katılımı ile ilgili bilgi ve deneyimlerinin yetersiz olduğu göz önünde bulundurularak temel eğitim bölümü ders programlarına çocuk katılımı üzerine zorunlu ya da seçmeli dersler eklenebilir. Çocuk katılımının önemi ve rolü ile ilgili yönelik farkındalığın artırılması için temel eğitim bölümü öğrencilerine yönelik, seminerler gerçekleştirilebilir ve öğrenci kulüplerinde farklı uzmanlar tarafından çocuk katılımına yönelik projelerin gerçekleştirilmesine rehberlik edilebilir.