bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Model-Based Offline Policy Optimization with Adversarial Network
Authors: Yang Junming , Chen Xingguo , Wang Shengyuan , Zhang Bolei
Published: September 2023

Model-based offline reinforcement learning (RL), which builds a supervised transition model with logging dataset to avoid costly interactions with the online environment, has been a promising approach for offline policy optimization. As the discrepancy between the logging data and online environment may result in a distributional shift problem, many prior works have studied how to build robust transition models conservatively and estimate the model uncertainty accurately. However, the over-conservatism can limit the exploration of the agent, and the uncertainty estimates may be unreliable. In this work, we propose a novel Model-based Offline policy optimization framework with Adversarial Network (MOAN). The key idea is to use adversarial learning to build a transition model with better generalization, where an adversary is introduced to distinguish between in-distribution and out-of-distribution samples. Moreover, the adversary can naturally provide a quantification of the model’s uncertainty with theoretical guarantees. Extensive experiments showed that our approach outperforms existing state-of-the-art baselines on widely studied offline RL benchmarks. It can also generate diverse in-distribution samples, and quantify the uncertainty more accurately.
Adam Accumulation to Reduce Memory Footprints of Both Activations and Gradients for Large-Scale DNN Training
Authors: Zhang Yijia , Han Yibo , Cao Shijie , Dai Guohao , Miao Youshan , Cao Ting , Yang Fan , Xu Ningyi
Published: September 2023

Running out of GPU memory has become a main bottleneck for large-scale DNN training. How to reduce the memory footprint during training has received intensive research attention. We find that previous gradient accumulation reduces activation memory but fails to be compatible with gradient memory reduction due to a contradiction between preserving gradients and releasing gradients. To address this issue, we propose a novel optimizer accumulation method for Adam, named Adam Accumulation (AdamA), which enables reducing both activation and gradient memory. Specifically, AdamA directly integrates gradients into optimizer states and accumulates optimizer states over micro-batches, so that gradients can be released immediately after use. We mathematically and experimentally demonstrate AdamA yields the same convergence properties as Adam. Evaluated on transformer-based models, AdamA achieves up to 23% memory reduction compared to gradient accumulation with less than 2% degradation in training throughput. Notably, AdamA can work together with memory reduction methods for optimizer states to fit 1.26×~3.14× larger models over PyTorch and DeepSpeed baseline on GPUs with different memory capacities.
Transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: The role of person-job fit and person-organization fit in social exchange perspective
Authors: Udin Udin
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND: Transformational leadership is critical in today’s organizations from a social exchange perspective as it helps create a positive work environment, drives innovation and change, and leads to improved organizational effectiveness. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to test the direct effect of transformational leadership on person-job fit (PJ fit), person-organization fit (POF), and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). This study also examines the mediating role of PJ fit and POF on the relationship between transformational leadership and OCB. METHODS: This study collects data using a cross-sectional survey from professional lecturers of three selected public universities in Southeast Sulawesi - Indonesia. A total of 221 purposively sampled responses are utilized in the data analysis. A quantitative approach with structural equation modeling (SEM) via Amos 21.0 software is used to test the proposed hypotheses. RESULTS: The findings acknowledge that transformational leadership seems to have a direct positive effect on PJ fit, POF and OCB. Also, this study reveals that PJ fit and POF have significant positive effects on OCB. This study further unveils that PJ fit and POF fully mediate the relation between transformational leadership and OCB. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the more transformational leadership behaviors are demonstrated by leaders within organization, the more PJ fit and POF of followers will accomplish and experience with their organization, which in turn, increase OCB. It further means that transformational leadership can be crucial for recent organizations from a social exchange perspective by promoting healthy relationships and positive outcomes by encouraging followers to engage in behaviors that benefit the organization.
A Metabolomics Analysis of a Novel Phenotype of Older Adults at Higher Risk of Dementia
Authors: Sultana Munira , Camicioli Richard , Dixon Roger A. , Whitehead Shawn , Pieruccini-Faria Frederico , Petrotchenko Evgeniy , Speechley Mark , Borchers Christoph H. , Montero-Odasso Manuel
Published: September 2023

Background: Older adults presenting with dual-decline in cognition and walking speed face a 6-fold higher risk for dementia compared with those showing no decline. We hypothesized that the metabolomics profile of dual-decliners would be unique even before they show signs of decline in cognition and gait speed. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if plasma metabolomics signatures can discriminate dual-decliners from no decliners, purely cognitive decliners, and purely motor decliners prior to decline. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study using baseline plasma for untargeted metabolomics analyses to investigate early signals of later dual-decline status in study participants (n = 76) with convenient sampling. Dual-decline was operationalized as decline in gait speed (>10 cm/s) and cognition (>2 points decline in Montreal Cognitive Assessment score) on at least two consecutive 6-monthly assessments. The participants’ decliner status was evaluated 3 years after the blood sample was collected. Pair-wise comparison of detected compounds was completed using principal components and hierarchical clustering analyses. Results: Analyses did not detect any cluster separation in untargeted metabolomes across baseline groups. However, follow-up analyses of specific molecules detected 4 compounds (17-Hydroxy-12-(hydroxymethyl)-10-oxo-8 oxapentacyclomethyl hexopyranoside, Fleroxacin, Oleic acid, and 5xi-11,12-Dihydroxyabieta-8(14),9(11),12-trien-20-oic acid) were at significantly higher concentration among the dual-decliners compared to non-decliners. The pure cognitive decliner group had significantly lower concentration of six compounds (1,3-nonanediol acetate, 4-(2-carboxyethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid, oleic acid, 2E-3-[4-(sulfo-oxy)phenyl] acrylic acid, palmitelaidic acid, and myristoleic acid) compared to the non-decliner group. Conclusions: The unique metabolomics profile of dual-decliners warrants follow-up metabolomics analysis. Results may point to modifiable pathways.
Blockchain assisted node validation approach for security provisioning in WSN environment
Authors: Gnanasundari P. , Sheela Sobana Rani K.
Published: September 2023

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a new technology that helps with a variety of practical uses, involving healthcare and monitoring the environment. In recent years, security has been considered as important topic in WSN since it is vulnerable to several security threats. Recent works uses cryptographic techniques to ensure security in WSN. In existing works, the security methodologies require high resources but still assure low level security. To resolve this issue, this paper proposes a node validation method which is lightweight as well as assures high level security. The main idea behind this work is to integrate Blockchain technology with WSN environment. We presented a novel Blockchain-assisted Node Validation (BlockNode) methodology for ensuring high level security. To maintain energy efficiency, the network is segregated into multiple clusters by Valid Cluster Formation (VCF) approach. In each cluster, optimum CH is selected by using type-II fuzzy algorithm. The VCF approach only allows the valid nodes which are authorized by Blockchain validation. Then, the data transmission is secured by Jacobian Curve Encryption (JCE) algorithm. For optimal route selection, Energy-aware Reinforcement Learning (ERL) algorithm is proposed. Overall, the proposed work high level security with minimum resource consumption. The experimental results obtained from NS-3.25 simulation tool confirms that the proposed work achieves better performance in security level, encryption & decryption time, delay, energy consumption, delivery ratio and throughput.
Oral Dantrolene Reduces Myalgia and Hyperckemia in a Child with RYR1-Related Exertional Myalgia/Rhabdomyolysis
Authors: de Lima Silva Elis Vanessa , Donis Karina Carvalho , Machado Fabiana Rita Camara , Simão Medeiros Leonardo , Aschoff Carlos Alberto de Moura , de Souza Carolina Fischinger Moura , Poswar Fabiano de Oliveira , Saute Jonas Alex Morales
Published: September 2023

RYR1-related exertional myalgia/rhabdomyolysis (ERM) is an underrecognized condition, which can cause limiting muscle symptoms, and may account for more than one-third of undiagnosed rhabdomyolysis cases. Dantrolene has shown promising results in controlling muscle symptoms in individuals with ERM, however, its use in children remains poorly documented. This case report presents the successful treatment of a 5-year-old patient with ERM using oral dantrolene. The patient experienced notable improvements, including a reduction in the frequency and intensity of myalgia episodes, no hospitalizations due to rhabdomyolysis, a substantial decrease in creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels, and enhanced performance on the 6-minute walk test. The use of dantrolene was well-tolerated, and no significant adverse effects were observed. This report adds to the existing evidence supporting the effectiveness of oral dantrolene in managing ERM, and, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of dantrolene in a pediatric patient for controlling anesthesia-independent muscle symptoms.
Dietary intake, anthropometric profile and somatotype in university athletes: Differences between gender and sports practiced
Authors: Poveda-Loor Carlos , Yaguachi-Alarcón Ruth , Espinoza-Burgos Álvaro , Frias-Toral Evelyn , Suárez Rosario
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:

Research on energy intake, nutrient intake, and anthropometric measurements in elite athletes is extensive, while it is limited in university athletes (UA), where a specific modality segments it.

OBJECTIVE:

This study aimed to identify the dietary intake, anthropometric profile, somatotype in UA, and differences between gender and sports modalities practiced.

METHODS:

A descriptive and observational study was conducted, including UA from Ecuador’s Catholic University of Santiago de Guayaquil (CUSG). Dietary intake was evaluated with a 24-hour recall questionnaire, an anthropometric profile with the ISAK protocol, and the somatotype using the Heath and Carter formula. Normality tests of Shapiro Wilk and Kolmogorov Smirnov were performed; mean and standard deviation (SD) were calculated, and to establish statistical significance, ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used.

RESULTS:

The study population consisted of 29 males and 51 females, with a mean of 21.1 years. Energy intake, macronutrients, micronutrients, and fiber consumption showed no differences regardless of the sport practiced. The mean somatotype of male athletes was categorized as endomesomorphic and females as mesoendomorph.

CONCLUSIONS:

The data obtained through the anthropometric variables and used to determine the somatotypes confirmed that sexual dimorphism presented differences in size, muscle development, and body fat percentage.
Effectiveness of non-immersive virtual reality exercises for balance and gait improvement in older adults: A meta-analysis
Authors: Park Joo-Hee , Jeon Hye-Seon , Kim Ji-Hyun , Kim Ye Jin , Moon Gyeong Ah
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND: Virtual reality (VR)-based physical exercise is an innovative and effective intervention strategy for healthcare in older adults. OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis aimed to clarify the effects of VR-based balance exercise programs on various balancing abilities of older adults. In addition, the effect size of each variable was computed by total exercise time, sensor type, avatar presence, and feedback type to determine influencing factors that lead to the success of VR-based rehabilitation programs. METHODS: The databases searched were PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, NDSL, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria were: (1) independent older adults; (2) non-immersive VR exercise; (3) randomized controlled design; (4) both balance and gait data; and (5) written in English and Korean. The studies without information to compute effect sizes were excluded. Standardized mean difference was used to analyze the effect size (d). RESULTS: Twenty-five studies were finally included in this study. The main findings of this meta-analysis were as follows: (1) Non-immersive VR-based balance exercises are moderately and largely effective for improving overall balance function, (2) VR balance exercise was more effective for static balance than for gait, (3) VR exercise is more effective when avatars are presented and KP is provided as feedback. CONCLUSION: Total exercise time and mode of feedback are influencing factors that affect the effectiveness of VR-based balance exercises.
Ultrasound-based horizontal ranging in the localization of fetal conus medullaris
Authors: Liu Xiuping , Li Ping , Yang Yuemin , Tian Cheng
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND: Currently, there are a variety of methods for ultrasound to localize the conus medullaris. A concern is that measured values can be influenced by variations in spinal flexion and extension. OBJECTIVE: To overcome this limitation, the present study measures the horizontal distance (HD) between the end of the conus medullaris and the caudal edge of last vertebral body ossification in normal fetus at different gestational weeks, and analyzes the relationship between the measured value and fetal growth, as well as the utility of these measurements in assessing the position of the conus medullaris. METHODS: A total of 655 fetuses at gestational weeks 18–40, who underwent routine prenatal ultrasound, were selected in the study. We measured the distance between the end of the cone of the fetal spinal cord and the caudal end of the final vertebral ossification center (Distance1, D1), the distance between the end of the spinal cord cone and the intersection of the extension of D1 with the caudal skin (Distance2, D2), and HD. We analyzed the correlation between the measurements and gestational weeks, established normal reference values, the ratio of D1, D2 and HD to the commonly used growth parameters was calculated. The ratios of D1, D2, HD and the application value of each ratio phase were analyzed, and the reliability analysis of repeated measurement results among physicians was performed. RESULTS: D1, D2 and HD exhibited strong linear correlations with gestational weeks. Among the ratios of D1, D2 and HD to common growth parameters, D2/FL stabilized after 20 weeks of gestation and consistently exceeded 1. Repeatability tests between D1, D2 and HD showed good reliability (P> 0.05). CONCLUSION: D1, D2 and HD are significantly correlated with gestational age. Horizontal distance measurement can effectively determine the position of fetal conus medullaris, enabling rapid prenatal evaluation of low position of conus medullaris and excluding the possibility of tethered cord.
Evaluation of violence against primary care healthcare professionals through different dimensions
Authors: Çolak Muhteber , Gökdemir Özden , Özçakar Nilgün
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND: Violence is common in emergency departments and is also increasing in primary care settings. It is important to research the factors that cause violence to prevent incidents. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine the frequency, causes, and effects of violence in the workplace of primary care physicians in a province in Turkey. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 303 family physicians working in Family Health Centers. The subjects completed a questionnaire consisting of questions designed to elicit healthcare professionals’ perspectives on violence. The analysis was performed using SPSS 15.0 software, with p < 0.05 considered significant. RESULTS: The participants’ mean age was 48.05±6.11. The majority (82%) stated that they had been subjected to violence throughout their professional life. Although the rate of exposure to violence was 56.4% in the previous year, they did not report these incidents to the appropriate authorities. The main reason for failing to report violent acts was “not caring” (40.1%). Respondents who believed “violent incidents should be reported” were under 50 years old (p = 0.045). The impact of violence on their lives was expressed as “losing interest in their profession” (40.8%). The most commonly cited cause of violence was “educational problems” (74.9%). CONCLUSION: Violence is prevalent in primary healthcare settings. It is suggested that there can be numerous reasons for violence, primarily a lack of education, and its effects, such as professional disengagement, are notable. Measures should be implemented to provide physicians with safe working conditions and reduce the risk of violence.
Work intensification: A systematic review of studies from 1989 to 2022
Authors: Niazi Aiman , Memon Mumtaz Ali , Sarwar Naukhez , Obaid Asfia , Mirza Muhammad Zeeshan , Amjad Kainaat
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND: Work intensification can lead to both work-related and non-work-related outcomes that positively and negatively affect the employee, organization, and job in question. The criticality of this phenomena necessitates conducting a systematic review to capture the essence of the extant literature. OBJECTIVE: This paper presents a systematic review of the literature on work intensification from 1989 to 2022. It reviews the conceptualization of the construct, explores the factors influencing work intensification, identifies its outcomes, moderators, and mediators, and provides a review of the theories that have been used to support the phenomena of work intensification. METHODS: The systematic review employed the PRISMA approach to screen 2823 records from the Web of Science database and extract 74 quantitative studies for final examination. RESULTS: Firstly, work intensification has primarily been conceptualized through various constructs such as workload, long work hours, and time pressure. Secondly, there are well-established positive and negative outcomes associated with work intensification, either directly or through mediators. Thirdly, both the conservation of resource theory and the job-demands resource theory are widely utilized to support models related to work intensification. CONCLUSION: The study urges practitioners to enhance their efforts in effectively managing employees’ intensified work demands, particularly in relation to work overload, working hours, and time pressure. By addressing these factors, organizations can minimize negative outcomes and promote positive consequences.
A holistic methodology for mitigating awkward postural risks: Evidence from South Indian small-scale industries
Authors: Chidambaram Vigneswaran , Gopalsamy Madhan Mohan , Kanchan Brajesh Kumar , Mouleeswaran Senthilkumar
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND: Small-scale industries (SSI) are the global economy’s backbone since most industrial workers are connected. Most of these workers are contractual and temporary without appropriate training. Also, the SSI does not have a standard workplace with an appropriate layout and infrastructure, as they manage with minimum resources. Therefore, the work hazards, i.e., musculoskeletal disorders and fatigue, often go unnoticed as holistic postural risk methodology is still scarce for identifying the awkward postures in SSI. OBJECTIVE: The present study proposes a novel holistic methodology to track and mitigate awkward postural risks in human-physical activities in SSI. To determine the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, a case study is presented in the South Indian Pump industry, wherein a critical workstation with a complex ergonomic work environment is employed. METHODS: An ergonomic evaluation was conducted empirically and numerically in the workplaces using Digital Human Models. In numerical evaluation, three virtual workspaces have been created to redesign the identified crucial workstation, focusing on ergonomics and workflow. RESULTS: The results obtained from the case study are encouraging for to use of the novel methodology in SSI. The case study reports that the proposed design significantly reduced the REBA score and WISHA lifting index by 6 and 1.20, respectively, without significant investment. CONCLUSION: The proposed methodology could encourage research to identify awkward posture in SSI.
Peranan Hukum Tata Negara Dimasa Pandemi Covid 19 Dalam Penegakan Kepastian Hukum Di Indonesia
Authors: ‎    ‎ Tomi Agustian
Published: September 2023

Permasalahan corona virus disease 2019 atau yang dikenal dengan istilah covid 19 masi menjadi sebuah permasalahan besar, dan rumit diselesaikan terutama dalam bidang kesehatan baik secara skalah internasional maupun nasional. Di dalam keadaan yang mendesak ini pemerintah indonesia sudah melakukan berbagai upaya dalam mengurangi penyebaran virus covid 19 di wilayah indonesia, termasuk dengan pengeluaran beberapa aturan hukum dalam keadaan darurat pendemi covid 19.Diantaranya pada tahap pertama tanggal 31 maret 2020  pemerintah mengeluarkan kebijakan hukum mengenai pembatasan sosial berskala besar (PSBB) dalam upaya membantu mengurangi aktivitas masyarakat diwilayah tertentu, kemudian di tetapkan untuk dilaksanakan secara nasional seluruh wilayah di indonesia.Menindak lanjuti semakin banyaknya warga yang menjadi korban pandemi covid 19 pemerintah pusat juga mengeluarkan peraturan baru dalam  berupaya membatasi aktivitas masyarakat.Kebijakan baru yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah pusat yakni  kebijakan pemberlakukan pembatasan  kegiatan masyarakat (PPKM), kebijakan ini bertujuan sama untuk mengurangi lonjakan kenaikan angkah positif covid 19 di indonesia.Dalam penerbitan kebijakan baru dalam kondisi darurat covid 19 ini,kebijakan yang dikeluarkan dibarengi dengan sanksi sanksi pidana dan denda bagi masyarakat yang melanggar aturan. Hal ini kerap menjadi topik pembahasan mengenai kepastian peraturan yang dikeluarkan pemerintah.Terutama dalam pemberian keadilan bagi rakyat,karena pada faktanya  penerapan kebijakan ini  kerap menjadi permasalahan karena dianggap  merampas hak  rakyat,serta menyulitkan perekonomian rakyat.
Economic valuation of ecosystem services of natural plant associations of the Pluzhne forestry
Authors: Radomska Marharyta M. , Tykhenko Oksana M. , Nazarkov Taras I.
Published: September 2023

Ecosystem services are the basis of human development and existence. The resilience and balance of ecosystems is the key to the well-being and comfort of the human race, but their role and value of services provided is often underestimated. The aim of the given research is to conduct economic assessment of ecosystem services of natural plant associations of the selected area – Pluzhne forestry. Forests are known to provide the most diverse and comprehensive complex of ecosystem services and thus represent complicated object for assessment. The first step of the assessment included formulation of the list of ecosystem services to be included into the assessment procedure, giving priority to the most well-studied. The second step was aimed at determination of the unit prices for the chosen services. They were elaborated based on similar valuations, sufficiently supported by research data. The resulted cost of ecosystem services provided were compared to the assessments, performed for forest ecosystems in Ukraine and European countries, which is an element of novelty and originality. Although there are noticeable deviations in specific value of ecosystem services per unit of forest area, the general trend in consistent with European experience. The reasons of differences could be explained by the choice of approaches to unit prices evaluation and list of services included into assessment. The obtained data are important for raising awareness of local population and authorities about the importance of ecosystems functioning and need to invest resources in their support and protection. Research works of such kind are still rare in Ukrainian academic sphere despite their high importance for efficient management of environment quality and use. Thus, there is a clear need develop this research field and the given research contributes theoretical and applied provisions for further assessments of such kind.
Decision-making information technologies for the resources determination of forest fire extinguishing by aviation
Authors: Nesterenko Oleksandr V. , Polischuk Valery B. , Khyzhniak Volodymir V. , Shevchenko Viktor L.
Published: September 2023

The article proposes a solution to the scientific and applied problem of decision support automation in case of determined resource provision of civil defense forces for extinguishing forest fires. This topic is of great relevance both in peacetime and in the conditions of the current armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. The solved task is an important element of resolution the more complex problem of prompt response to emergency situations in the ecological and technogenic spheres. To solve this problem, a software environment for automated decision-making support by experts is proposed based on the integration method, which provides structuring of data, support of expert judgments, and visualization of decision-making processes. The functionality of this software environment is considered on the example of the use of the integration expert method and relevant information technologies to determine the resources of aviation groups for the purpose of forming a plan of operational response to the elimination of forest fires. A hierarchical model of the problem is given in accordance with AHP requirements. Also, in order to increase the effect of the conducted modeling and ranking of alternatives, the use of a network model of the problem and ANP application (which is a AHP development) to support decision-making are proposed. The ANP implementation is illustrated using the freely distributed SuperDecisions software. The developed scientific and practical approaches and toolkit are intended for functioning in operational units of the state service for emergency situations, but they can also be used in other power structures. The obtained results are aimed at increasing the level of environmental safety in forest areas and can be used to support nature management in different regions.
Impact of "green" roofs on rainwater management: review of scientific research and perspectives of use
Authors: Tkachenko Tetiana M. , Mileikovskyi Viktor O. , Kravchenko Marina V.
Published: September 2023

The multifaceted advantages of "green" technologies are analyzed, one of which is the effective management of rainwater in urbanized regions, which allows solving a number of important problems, such as: local waste disposal; reduction of runoff volumes due to evapotranspiration from vegetation and open surfaces; retention of rainwater in the soil; reduction of peak flow values due to temporary storage of water in the substrate and drainage layer; improving the quality of rainwater, which then falls into the soil or is collected in separate reservoirs for further use for technical or domestic purposes. Based on the analysis of experimental studies by world-class scientists, it is shown that for extensive "green" roofs, the average efficiency of rainwater retention is estimated between 45% and 60%, and the cumulative annual retention is about 50% and 60%, depending on the local climate. The results of a study on determining the degree of reduction of rainwater runoff from the surfaces of "green" roofs, which were conducted on two model roofs (extensive and intensive) in Poland, are given. It is well-founded that the rainwater absorbed by the layers of the "green" roof slowly evaporates over a long period of time, which means maintaining a more stable relative air humidity in the vicinity of the building. The method of determining the amount of rainwater runoff from the surface of "green" roofs, as well as determining the daily load of rainwater drainage on the analyzed site, is presented. It was established that about 44% of rainwater from torrential rains is retained in the layers of the "green" roof, and in the case of an intensity not exceeding 5 mm/day, rainwater is completely retained by both intensive and extensive roofs. The advantages of "green" technologies in the process of filtering rainwater, which can be collected in tanks and used for technical needs, are considered. The prospects of rainwater management using "green" roofing systems on roofs in different countries of the world and, in particular, in Ukraine, were analyzed. The ranking of the total area and density of "green" roofs used for rainwater management in different cities of the world for 2022 is given. The authors developed and presented a recommended system of measures for the development and implementation of "green" roofs in Ukraine.
Environmental and operational safety of tailing storage facilities: analysis of accidents, causes and technical state diagnostic methods
Authors: Rudakov Leonid M.
Published: September 2023

A number of high-profile industrial accidents occurred at sludge and tailings storage facilities in different countries of the world are considered. The problem of ecological and technogenic danger of operating such objects, which leads to significant casualties among the civilian population, serious economic losses and harms the surrounding natural environment, is illustrated. The main causes of emergency situations have been established and analysed, it will help to reduce the risk of accidents and to minimize negative environmental consequences for similar facilities in Ukraine. The retrospective review covers the period from 1960 to 2022. During this time, about 150 cases of soil dams’ destruction in waste storage facilities were recorded. The different tendency in the frequency of accidents is noted. In particular, during the period from 1960 to 2009, there were 98 accidents with an average frequency of nearly two (1.98) per year. Over the last decade (2010-2020), the number of accidents reached 36 cases, and their frequency almost doubled to 3.6 accidents per year. Over the past two years, from the beginning of 2021 to December 2022, 10 accidents have already been registered. The vast majority of accidents during this period occurred in 34 countries of the world. The largest number of them was noted in the USA (22.4%), China (10.4%), Brazil (7.5%), Chile (6.7%), the Philippines (6.0%), Canada (5.2 %), Great Britain (4.5%) and other countries. Studies note jumps in the increase of accidents that have ten-year trends (1975, 1985, 1995, 2005). The general tendency of mass accidents since the beginning of 2015 is shown, which is substantiated by the expired terms of operation of many mining and ore enterprises (mines) and significant (exceeding normative) terms of operation of tailings storage facilities, which in some places were left without proper supervision and care. It was established that a violation of the dam slope stability (37%), an overflow of the designed capacity of the tailings storage facility (12%), seismic activity (11%), etc., are the main causes of accidents. A review of modern approaches to the management of dangerous anthropogenic objects and methods of diagnosing the technical condition of such structures was conducted. The use of a complex of organizational and technical solutions about the implementing the modern methods of assessment and control the technical condition of waste storage facilities at various levels of their operation and stages of the life cycle is proposed.
BASEMENT MULTIFUNCTIONAL ROOM OF AN INDIVIDUAL HOUSE WITH THE FUNCTION OF SHELTER: IMPLEMENTATION IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
Authors: Ushakov Glib , Mezhenna Nataliia
Published: September 2023

The article emphasizes new topics related to course design, which are caused by current problems of today: design of basement rooms with the function of shelter in an individual low-rise building. Emphasis is placed on the variability of the topics of the tasks with a clear program in the task, which to some extent imitates the real design and communication of the architect with the customer. The positive experience of issuing the task "Individual house for a family with premises for individual work" is presented, which prevents plagiarism and gives the volume-spatial solution some complexity and stylistic originality. The problems and advantages of implementing the topic of shelter in the task were considered, various options for such a solution were emphasized at the level of the student project of the 2nd year of the Faculty of Architecture.
ARCHITECT – TEACHER PAVLO PAVLOVYCH BEZRODNYI
Authors: Yakovenko Marharyta , Sleptsov Oleh
Published: September 2023

The article describes the life and career of the bright representative of the Kyiv school of architecture, architect Professor (1994), Department of Fundamentals of architecture and architectural engineering at KNUBA, candidate of architecture (1970), honorary member of the Ukrainian Academy of Architecture (2022), laureate of the Prize of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1978), "Excellence in education of Ukraine" party of war, medal "For valiant labor" in the great Patriotic war of 1941-1945.
Alat Pengupas Buah Otomatis Berbasis Arduino Uno
Authors: Angram Adevto , Kalsum Toibah Umi , Alamsyah Hendri
Published: September 2023

Buah adalah salah satu makanan yang paling banyak diminati oleh orang Indonesia, karena buah memiliki kandungan gizi dan vitamin yang baik bagi tubuh. Ciri-ciri buah umumnya memiliki tekstur kulit halus yang dilapisi oleh lilin yang berfungsi untuk membungkus dan melindungi daging serta biji buah yang berada di dalam buah tersebut. Apabila ingin mengkonsumsi buah biasanya buah harus dikupas terlebih dahulu agar buah jauh lebih sehat. Dalam pengupasan buah diperlukan pisau atau peeler untuk mengupas buah, di mana sumber tenaga pisau atau peeler kebanyakan berasal dari tangan manusia atau masih secara manual dalam pengupasan buah sehingga membutuhkan waktu yang relatif lebih lama. Maka pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan membuat alat pengupas buah secara otomatis menggunakan arduino uno. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membantu agar dapat melakukan pengupasan buah secara otomatis sehingga membutuhkan waktu yang relatif lebih cepat daripada pengupan buah secara manual. Selain itu diharapkan  juga mengurangi resiko kerja, seperti luka karna pisau pada saat mengupas buah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan  tepatnya pada januari sampai dengan juni tahun 2023, bertempat di laboratorium hadware Universitas Dehasen Bengkulu. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen, yakni untuk percobaan alat pengupas buah otomatis yang menggunakan mata pisau yang didesain khusus agar mampu mengupas kulit buah dengan mengikuti bentuk buah tersebut dengan menggunakan sensor optical. Dimana sensor optical tersebut dapat yang mendeteksi jarak buah dan mata pisau yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa melalui 5 percobaan buah dapat terkupas dengan kecepatan pengupasan waktu rata rata 3.2 menit.
Struma Ovarii com Síndrome Pseudo-Meigs e Aumento dos Níveis de CA-125: Relato de Caso
Authors: Mehanna Samya Hamad , Santos Emily Karoline Araujo Nonato Dos , Hansen Elisa Klug , Linhares Julia Costa
Published: September 2023

Introdução: Struma ovarii é um tipo raro de tumor ovariano composto por mais de 50% de tecido tireoidiano. Representa apenas 1% dos tumores sólidos do ovário e 3% dos subtipos dermoides, com a maioria dos casos de curso benigno. Geralmente afeta mulheres entre a terceira e a quinta décadas de vida, sendo muitas vezes assintomático ou com sinais inespecíficos. A síndrome de pseudo-Meigs, caracterizada por ascite e derrame pleural, pode estar presente, dificultando o diagnóstico. Relato do caso: Mulher, 43 anos, com desconforto abdominal, dor pélvica e dispneia crônica. A tomografia identificou massa sólido-cística na pelve e ascite moderada, além de derrame pleural à direita. A ressonância magnética confirmou as alterações e, desse modo, suspeitou-se de tumor maligno ovariano. O marcador sérico tumoral CA-125 estava elevado. A paciente foi submetida a uma laparotomia exploradora que resultou em salpingo-oforectomia bilateral. A análise histopatológica do espécime confirmou o diagnóstico de struma ovarii em ovário esquerdo e teratoma cístico maduro à direita. Conclusão: Os níveis elevados de CA-125 podem ser encontrados em casos de struma ovarii, tornando-o diagnóstico diferencial nas neoplasias ovarianas malignas, especialmente quando associado à síndrome de pseudo-Meigs. Nesse sentido, embora raro, o tumor deve ser considerado uma possibilidade durante investigação clínica de massas ovarianas com apresentações atípicas. Os exames de imagem podem auxiliar, mas a confirmação é estabelecida pela análise microscópica. O tratamento consiste na ressecção cirúrgica simples, e o desaparecimento dos sintomas acontece em seguida, sendo de bom prognóstico
ІНСТИТУЦІЙНІ ОСНОВИ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ ЛАТИНОАМЕРИКАНСЬКИХ КРАЇН
Authors: Видобора Володимир
Published: September 2023

Досвід латиноамериканських країнам доводить, засади до формування економічної політики вказаних країн, були закладені ще в колоніальний період та стосувалися характеру використання природних ресурсів, суспільних інститутів, зовнішньо-торговельних та фінансових відносин. Виявлено, що піку економічного зростання нових індустріальних країн було досягнуто за рахунок політики індустріалізації, спрямованої на імпортозаміщення, проте його успіхи не були тривалими, у тому числі й через відсутність ефективних суспільних інститутів. Інституційні засади економічного зростання країн Латинської Америки, зокрема формування таких інститутів як профспілки та політичні партії, залишаються досить обмеженими. Це спричиняє низку негативних соціально-економічних ефектів в суспільстві та ускладнює формування державної політики економічного зростання, оскільки в суспільстві немає сил, здатних подолати сформовані економічну залежність та відставання.
СИСТЕМОУТВОРЮЮЧИЙ ХАРАКТЕР ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНО-КАДРОВОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ РОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦЬКОГО СЕКТОРУ ІЗ ВРАХУВАННЯМ РЕАЛІЙ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-ЦИФРОВИХ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЙ
Authors: Патер Любомир , Коваль Павло
Published: September 2023

У статті вказано на існуючі тенденції інформатизації та цифровізації, які ініціюють системні зміни у інтелектуально-кадровому забезпеченні розвитку підприємницького сектору виходячи із інтересів як власників підприємств, так найманих працівників. Наголошено, що визначальним чинником трудової зайнятості є здатність володіти навиками та здібностями використовувати інформаційно-цифрові технології, швидко адаптовуватися до появи нових технологій та інновацій і, у підсумку, виконувати високоінтелектуальну працю та отримувати за це достойну винагороду. Ідентифіковано концептуальні положення побудови системи інтелектуально-кадрового забезпечення розвитку підприємницького сектору виходячи із цільових орієнтирів, засобів досягнення та напрямів її розвитку. Так, до цільових орієнтирів інтелектуально-кадрового забезпечення віднесено створення нових конкурентоспроможних робочих місць, досягнення стабільності, оптимальної чисельності, структури та якості персоналу, покращення фінансово-економічних результатів підприємства, вибудовування внутрішньофірмового конкурентного середовища, недопущення соціальної напруги та конфліктних ситуацій. Для досягнення таких цілей рекомендується реформувати системи прийому, організації та мотивації праці, соціального діалогу, професійно-кваліфікаційного розвитку, соціального захисту. Прогресування інтелектуально-кадрового забезпечення пов'язано із процесами диверсифікації форм зайнятості та організації праці, впровадження нових систем оплати праці, комерціалізацією інтелектуальної власності, посиленням соціальної відповідальності, розширенням колективно-договірного регулювання, формуванням нової корпоративної культури. Узагальнено комплекс принципів інтелектуально-кадрового забезпечення розвитку підприємницького сектору, які виходячи із базового (висока продуктивність та ефективність праці, раціональність організації та нормування праці, стабільність персоналу та його професійно-кваліфікаційне зростання, колективно-договірне регулювання зайнятості) та інформаційно-цифрового (автоматизація та механізація праці, інноваційна активність та креативність персоналу, алгоритмізація та програмування трудової діяльності, інформатизація управління зайнятістю, цифровізація соціально-трудових відносин) значення.
Geopolitics and Energy
Authors: Olier Eduardo
Published: September 2023

This article provides a brief overview of the most relevant aspects related to the geopolitics of energy, a key issue in international relations. It is closely tied to the existing geopolitical conflicts between Western countries and Russia, stemming from the war in Ukraine. Hydrocarbons remain pivotal in the context of primary energy. Prices are influenced not only by traditional supply and demand relationships but also significantly by geopolitical factors. Moreover, climate change policies fall within the scope of geopolitics, primarily because energy economics directly ties to energy security. In this regard, clean energies offer the requisite independence, bypassing ties with undesirable suppliers.
Soil quality Change Following Compost and Farmyard Manure Application in Maize and Cassava based Agro-ecosystems of Mvomero and Masasi -Tanzania
Authors: Mawazo J. Shitindi John Constantine , P. Sibuga Kallunde
Published: September 2023

Soil quality is a major driver for improved crop production and sustainable food security. While crop response to soil applied organic amendments is widely studied, little has been done to establish the effect of such amendments on soil quality. Field experiments were conducted for two seasons (2019/20 and 2020/21) in Mvomero and Masasi districts to study the effects of compost (CP) and Farmyard manure (FYM) application on selected soil quality attributes. Both CP and FYM were applied on maize, and cassava plots at 0.0 t ha-1 (Control), 2.5 t ha-1, 5 t ha-1 and 7.5 t ha-1. Maize variety TMV-1 and Kiroba cassava variety were used as test crops in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Representative soil samples were collected before applying soil amendments and at the end of each season and analyzed for soil pH, Organic carbon (OC) and Extractable phosphorus (P). Assays of activities of ß-glucosidase and Phosphatase were performed on the samples as indicators of soil quality change. Results indicated that soil OC and soil extractable P increased with CP and FYM application rates at both sites. Activities of ß-glucosidase and Phosphatase increased in line with OC and extractable P, respectively. Application of CP or FYM at 5 t ha-1 and 7.5 t ha-1 resulted into statistically similar effects on soil OC, extractable P and activities of ß-glucosidase and Phosphatase. It was concluded that application of either CP or FYM at 5 t ha-1 can improve soil OC and P availability in degraded soils of Masasi and Mvomero, while activities of ß-glucosidase and phosphatase can serve to indicate such changes in soil quality.
Mushroom Media Waste and Goat Manure Application on Growth and Yield of Shallots
Authors: Yugi R. Ahadiyat Rudi Priyadi , Sunarya Yaya
Published: September 2023

The objective of this study was to find out the growth and yield of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) with the application of mushroom media waste and goat manure. A randomized block design was used with six treatments viz. without mushroom media waste and goat manure, 25 ton/ha mushroom media waste, 20 ton/ha mushroom media waste + 5 ton/ha goat manure, 15 ton/ha mushroom media waste + 10 ton/ha goat manure, 10 ton/ha mushroom media waste + 15 ton/ha goat manure, and 5 ton/ha mushroom media waste + 20 ton/ha goat manure, and repeated four times. The observed variables were plant height per hill, number of leaves per hill, number of bulbs per hill, wet weight of bulbs per hill, wet weight bulbs per plot, dry weight of bulbs per plot, and yield per hectare. The results showed that the application of 10 ton/ha mushroom media wastes organic fertilizer + 15 ton/ha goat manure gained 1.26 kg/plot, equal to 7.7 ton/ha. The application of mushroom media waste and goat manure had the potency to reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers in supporting eco-friendly agriculture.
Finite Dimensional Labeled Graph Algebras
Authors: BANJADE DEBENDRA , Ephrem Menassie , Stevanovich Dashiell
Published: September 2023

Given a directed graph E and a labeling L, one forms the labeled graph algebra by taking a weakly left-resolving labeled space (E, L, B) and considering a generating family of partial isometries and projections.  In this paper, we discuss details in the formulation of the algebras, provide examples, and formulate a process that describes the algebra given the graph and a labelling.
El perfil vocacional de aspirantes a carreras en el área de educación: intereses y aptitudes
Authors: Sunza Chan Sandra Paola , Ramírez de Arellano De la Peña Jorge Alberto , Martín Pavón Mario José
Published: September 2023

Esta investigación pretende analizar el perfil vocacional de bachilleres del estado de Yucatán que manifestaron la aspiración de cursar carreras en el ámbito de la educación, a fin de identificar la congruencia de sus intereses y aptitudes con los requerimientos de esta área, en comparación con las características de aspirantes a otras carreras. Se optó por una investigación cuantitativa, comparativa y transeccional, en la que participaron 2,587 estudiantes de último año de bachillerato, quienes respondieron un cuestionario centrado en aspectos socioeducativos, intereses y aptitudes vocacionales. Los resultados mostraron mayores indicadores de vulnerabilidad socioeducativa en los aspirantes a carreras de educación que en quienes optan por otras profesiones, asimismo se encontró que poseen más intereses y aptitudes del perfil de un profesional de la educación, en comparación con los aspirantes a otras áreas. Los hallazgos permiten establecer conclusiones sobre la necesidad de incorporar políticas educativas encaminadas a la justicia social, incidiendo en las características de vulnerabilidad de los estudiantes que pretenden formarse en el campo educativo, asimismo que se requiere fortalecer los procesos de reclutamiento y selección de futuros profesionales de la educación que cuenten con el perfil vocacional idóneo para desempeñarse en los diversos entornos escolares del estado de Yucatán.