bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concentration phenomena for a fractional relativistic Schrödinger equation with critical growth
Authors: Ambrosio Vincenzo
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we are concerned with the following fractional relativistic Schrödinger equation with critical growth:

(

−
Δ
+

m

2

)

s

u
+
V

(

ε
x

)

u
=
f

(

u

)

+

u

2

s

*

−
1

in

R

N

,

u
∈

H

s

(

R

N

)

,

u
>
0

in

R

N

,

\left\{\begin{array}{ll}{\left(-\Delta +{m}^{2})}^{s}u+V\left(\varepsilon x)u=f\left(u)+{u}^{{2}_{s}^{* }-1}& \hspace{0.1em}\text{in}\hspace{0.1em}\hspace{0.33em}{{\mathbb{R}}}^{N},\\ u\in {H}^{s}\left({{\mathbb{R}}}^{N}),\hspace{1.0em}u\gt 0& \hspace{0.1em}\text{in}\hspace{0.1em}\hspace{0.33em}{{\mathbb{R}}}^{N},\end{array}\right.

where

ε
>
0

\varepsilon \gt 0

is a small parameter,

s
∈

(

0
,
1

)

s\in \left(0,1)

,

m
>
0

m\gt 0

,

N
>
2
s

N\gt 2s

,

2

s

*

=

2
N

N
−
2
s

{2}_{s}^{* }=\frac{2N}{N-2s}

is the fractional critical exponent,

(

−
Δ
+

m

2

)

s

{\left(-\Delta +{m}^{2})}^{s}

is the fractional relativistic Schrödinger operator,

V
:

R

N

→
R

V:{{\mathbb{R}}}^{N}\to {\mathbb{R}}

is a continuous potential, and

f
:
R
→
R

f:{\mathbb{R}}\to {\mathbb{R}}

is a superlinear continuous nonlinearity with subcritical growth at infinity. Under suitable assumptions on the potential

V

V

, we construct a family of positive solutions

u

ε

∈

H

s

(

R

N

)

{u}_{\varepsilon }\in {H}^{s}\left({{\mathbb{R}}}^{N})

, with exponential decay, which concentrates around a local minimum of

V

V

as

ε
→
0

\varepsilon \to 0

.
Modeling equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermophysical properties of liquid lubricants using semi-empirical approaches and neural network
Authors: Hosseini Sayed Mostafa , Zarei Taleb , Pierantozzi Mariano
Published: February 2024

This study explored the capability of semi-empirical and neural network approaches for correlating and predicting some equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermophysical properties of liquid lubricants. The equilibrium properties, including the densities and several thermodynamic coefficients for 12 liquid lubricants, were correlated and predicted through a perturbed hard-chain equation of state (PHC EoS) by an attractive term of Yukawa tail. The molecular parameters of PHC EoS were obtained by correlating them with 935 data points for the densities and isothermal compressibilities of studied systems in the 278–353 K range and pressure up to 70 MPa with the average absolute relative deviations (AARDs) of 0.36 % and 5.25 %, respectively. Then, that EoS was employed to predict the densities of other literature sources (with an AARD of 0.81 %) along with several thermodynamic coefficients, including isobaric expansivities (with an AARD of 12.92 %), thermal pressure coefficients (with the AARD of 12.93 %), and internal pressure (with the AARD of 13.67 %), for which the reference values were obtained from Tait-type equations and available in literature. Apart from the equilibrium mentioned above properties, the PHC EoS was combined with a rough hard-sphere-chain (RHSC) model to correlate and predict the 548 data points for the viscosities of 7 selected liquefied lubricants in 283–353 K range and pressures up to 100 MPa with the AARD of 11.85 %. The accuracy of the results from the RHSC-based model has also been compared with an empirical PηT equation of Tammann-Tait type and an artificial neural network (ANN), both of which were developed in this work. The ANN of one hidden layer and 13 neurons was trained using the back-propagation algorithm. The results acquired from this approach were very promising and demonstrated the potential of the ANN approach for predicting the viscosity of lubricants, reaching an AARD of 0.81 % for the entire dataset.
The role of Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule in Down syndrome
Authors: Hergenreder Ty , Yang Tao , Ye Bing
Published: February 2024

Down syndrome (DS) is caused by the presence of an extra copy of the entire or a portion of human chromosome 21 (HSA21). This genomic alteration leads to elevated expression of numerous HSA21 genes, resulting in a variety of health issues in individuals with DS. Among the genes located in the DS “critical region” of HSA21, Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM) plays an important role in neuronal development. There is a growing body of evidence underscoring DSCAM’s involvement in various DS-related disorders. This review aims to provide a concise overview of the established functions of DSCAM, with a particular focus on its implications in DS. We delve into the roles that DSCAM plays in DS-associated diseases. In the concluding section of this review, we explore prospective avenues for future research to further unravel DSCAM’s role in DS and opportunities for therapeutic treatments.
Nebulization of low-dose aspirin ameliorates Huntington’s pathology in N171-82Q transgenic mice
Authors: Mondal Susanta , Prieto Shelby , Rangasamy Suresh B. , Dutta Debashis , Pahan Kalipada
Published: February 2024

Huntington Disease (HD), a devastating hereditary neurodegenerative disorder, is caused by expanded CAG trinucleotide repeats in the huntingtin gene (Htt) on chromosome 4. Currently, there is no effective therapy for HD. Although aspirin, acetylsalicylic acid, is one of the most widely-used analgesics throughout the world, it has some side effects. Even at low doses, oral aspirin can cause gastrointestinal symptoms, such as heartburn, upset stomach, or pain. Therefore, to bypass the direct exposure of aspirin to stomach, here, we described a new mode of use of aspirin and demonstrated that nebulization of low-dose of aspirin (10 μg/mouse/d=0.4 mg/kg body wt/d roughly equivalent to 28 mg/adult human/d) alleviated HD pathology in N171-82Q transgenic mice. Our immunohistochemical and western blot studies showed that daily aspirin nebulization significantly reduced glial activation, inflammation and huntingtin pathology in striatum and cortex of N171-82Q mice. Aspirin nebulization also protected transgenic mice from brain volume shrinkage and improved general motor behaviors. Collectively, these results highlight that nebulization of low-dose aspirin may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of HD.
The role of intratumoral microorganisms in the progression and immunotherapeutic efficacy of head and neck cancer
Authors: Fang Xuzhe , Tong Weihong , Wu Sheng , Zhu Zhengyong , Zhu Jin
Published: February 2024

The effectiveness of cancer immunization is largely dependent on the tumor’s microenvironment, especially the tumor immune microenvironment. Emerging studies say microbes exist in tumor cells and immune cells, suggesting that these microbes can affect the state of the immune microenvironment of the tumor. Our comprehensive review navigates the intricate nexus between intratumoral microorganisms and their role in tumor biology and immune modulation. Beginning with an exploration of the historical acknowledgment of microorganisms within tumors, the article underscores the evolution of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and its subsequent implications. Using findings from recent studies, we delve into the unique bacterial compositions across different tumor types and their influence on tumor growth, DNA damage, and immune regulation. Furthermore, we illuminate the potential therapeutic implications of targeting these intratumoral microorganisms, emphasizing their multifaceted roles from drug delivery agents to immunotherapy enhancers. As advancements in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology redefine our understanding of the tumor microbiome, the article underscores the importance of discerning their precise role in tumor progression and tailoring therapeutic interventions. The review culminates by emphasizing ongoing challenges and the pressing need for further research to harness the potential of intratumoral microorganisms in cancer care.
Investigating the impact of sodium (Na) dopant on the structural, morphological, optical, and magnetic properties of LaPrSrMnO3 perovskite nanoflakes
Authors: Srinivasan Padmavathi , Sahadevan Jhelai , Sankaran Esakki Muthu , Kim Ikhyun , Arangarasan Viji , Paramasivam Sivaprakash
Published: February 2024

Here we report the structural, optical and magnetic properties of La0.4Pr0.25Na
x
Sr0.35−x
MnO3 (x = 0, 0.05, and 0.1) synthesized using ball milling method. After milling, the precursors are calcinated at 1,200 °C for 12 h. The phase purity, crystal structure, lattice parameter, and crystallite size of the samples were determined using X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The peaks from XRD provide the perovskite hexagonal structure with an R

3
‾

$\overline{3}$

c space group. Surface morphology shows the recreation of spherical structure to nanoflakes/layered structures. The ultraviolet-visible diffused reflectance spectroscopy (UV–vis DRS) study indicates that the decrease in the band gap is observed with the increase of Na content. The intensity of the luminescence peak decreases progressively with the increase of Na doping. The room temperature (RT) magnetization of the samples reveals weak ferromagnetism and shows a novel vertical shift in magnetization at room temperature.
Studies of the Physical Structure of Cured Epoxy Resin Composite Modified with Silicon-Containing Additives
Authors: Savotchenko Sergey , Kovaleva Ekaterina
Published: February 2024

The possibility of regulating the structure and reducing its defectiveness opens great possibilities for controlling the properties of epoxy composite materials. This article reports the results of investigation by X-ray scattering and nuclear magnetic resonance methods and the microstructural changes that occur when silicon-containing additives such as polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS-5) and pyrogenic silica (HDK) are introduced into epoxy resin ED-20. The mechanism of formation of the structure of epoxy binder ED-20 with L-20 curing agent in the presence of complex additives is found. The modifying additive (PDMS-5 + HDK) is located in the epoxy binder because of the chemical interaction of functional polar groups and the developed surface. The additives increase the mobility of the reaction mixture and also facilitate and regulate the spatial orientation of macromolecules during polymerization. This contributes to the formation of a more regular and less defective spatial structure. The epoxy binder is a heterogeneous two-component system, one of which corresponds to a pseudo-crystalline region in which the movement of molecules is suppressed, and the second is found at lower volume fractions and is amorphous. The only maximum in the wide-angle X-ray diffraction pattern of the binder without additives is attributable to the distribution of molecular chains in the para-crystalline lattice. The addition of the HDK additive leads to ordering of the supramolecular structure, in which linear clusters consisting of 5–7 spheres appear. The average size of the spheres is from 8 to 26 nm. The addition of additives in the samples leads to the formation of a more regular and less defective spatial structure because of the interaction of functional polar groups and the surface, which regulate the spatial orientation of macromolecules during polymerization.
Category-Based Attention Facilitates Memory Search
Authors: Shang Linlin , Yeh Lu-Chun , Zhao Yuanfang , Wiegand Iris , Peelen Marius V.
Published: February 2024

We often need to decide whether the object we look at is also the object we look for. When we look for one specific object, this process can be facilitated by feature-based attention. However, when we look for many objects at the same time (e.g., the products on our shopping list), such a strategy may no longer be possible, as research has shown that we can actively prepare to detect only one or two objects at a time. Therefore, looking for multiple objects additionally requires long-term memory search, slowing down decision-making. Interestingly, however, previous research has shown that distractor objects can be efficiently rejected during memory search when they are from a different category than the items in the memory set. Here, using EEG, we show that this efficiency is supported by top-down attention at the category level. In Experiment 1, human participants (both sexes) performed a memory search task on individually presented objects from different categories, most of which were distractors. We observed category-level attentional modulation of distractor processing from ∼150 ms after stimulus onset, expressed both as an evoked response modulation and as an increase in decoding accuracy of same-category distractors. In Experiment 2, memory search was performed on two concurrently presented objects. When both objects were distractors, spatial attention (indexed by the N2pc component) was directed to the object that was of the same category as the objects in the memory set. Together, these results demonstrate how top-down attention can facilitate memory search.
Activating Lobule VI PCTH+–Med Pathway in Cerebellum Blocks the Acquisition of Methamphetamine Conditioned Place Preference in Mice
Authors: Ge Feifei , Wang Zilin , Yu Wen , Yuan Xiya , Cai Qinglong , Wang Guanxiong , Li Xiang , Xu Xing , Yang Ping , Fan Yu , Chang Jiasong , Guan Xiaowei
Published: February 2024

Cerebellum has been implicated in drug addiction; however, its underlying cellular populations and neuronal circuitry remain largely unknown. In the current study, we identified a neural pathway from tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)–positive Purkinje cells (PCTH+) in cerebellar lobule VI to calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)–positive glutamatergic neurons in the medial cerebellar nucleus (MedCaMKII), forming the lobule VI PCTH+–MedCaMKIIpathway in male mice. In naive male mice, inhibition of PCTH+neurons activated Med neurons. During conditioned place preference (CPP) training, exposure to methamphetamine (METH) inhibited lobule VI PCTH+neurons while excited MedCaMKIIneurons in mice. Silencing MedCaMKIIusing a tetanus toxin light chain (tettox) suppressed the acquisition of METH CPP in mice but resulted in motor coordination deficits in naive mice. In contrast, activating lobule VI PCTH+terminals within Med inhibited the activity of Med neurons and subsequently blocked the acquisition of METH CPP in mice without affecting motor coordination, locomotor activity, and sucrose reinforcements in naive mice. Our findings identified a novel lobule VI PCTH+–MedCaMKIIpathway within the cerebellum and explored its role in mediating the acquisition of METH-preferred behaviors.
Effect of annealing temperature on the structural and optical properties of vacuum evaporated Cu13Se52Bi35 thin films
Authors:   Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Ibb University, Ibb 70270, Yemen, Alwany A. B. , Alnakhlani A. ,   Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Ibb University, Ibb 70270, Yemen, Hassan B. ,   Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Ibb University, Ibb 70270, Yemen, Algradee M. A. ,   Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Ibb University, Ibb 70270, Yemen, Fouad R. A. ,   Department of Physics, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Alasyah, Saudi Arabia, Alfaqeer A. A. ,   Physics Department, Faculty of Science and Education, Sheba Region University, Marib, Yemen
Published: February 2024

Thermal evaporation technique was used to prepare Cu13Se52Bi35 thin films. The asdeposited and annealed samples were investigated by using the X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical transmission and reflection. The XRD showed that the as-deposited film is crystalline in nature, and the crystalline size of samples increased with increasing the annealing temperature. SEM images showed that the morphology of the sample changes with the annealing temperature. The direct transition of the optical band gap (Eg) of Cu13Se52Bi35 films was observed and the values of Eg decreased with increasing the annealing temperature. Other optical parameters were also investigated.
TiO2-CNT´s-Cu thin films: photocatalytic applications in the visible region
Authors:   Juárez University of Tabasco, Avenida Universidad S/N, Col. Magisterial, Villahermosa, Tabasco. CP. 86040 México, Jiménez Bolaina G. , Rojas Blanco L. ,   Juárez University of Tabasco, Avenida Universidad S/N, Col. Magisterial, Villahermosa, Tabasco. CP. 86040 México, Paraguay-Delgado F. ,   Center for Research in Advanced Materials, Av. Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, 31136 Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México, Alejandro E. M. López ,   Juárez University of Tabasco, Avenida Universidad S/N, Col. Magisterial, Villahermosa, Tabasco. CP. 86040 México, Gonzalez-Sanchez , T. ,   Juárez University of Tabasco, Avenida Universidad S/N, Col. Magisterial, Villahermosa, Tabasco. CP. 86040 México, Castillo-Palomera R. ,   Juárez University of Tabasco, Avenida Universidad S/N, Col. Magisterial, Villahermosa, Tabasco. CP. 86040 México, Ramírez Morales E. ,   Juárez University of Tabasco, Avenida Universidad S/N, Col. Magisterial, Villahermosa, Tabasco. CP. 86040 México
Published: February 2024

TiO2, TiO2-Cu, TiO2-CNTs y TiO2-CNTs-Cu films were obtained by Dip-coating technique and 500°C for 1h. The Anatase phase of TiO2 was identified and the TiO2-Cu film also presented the Tenorite secondary phase of CuO. The planes (101) and (200) of the Graphite 2H phase were identified in the films with CNTs. The crystal size was obtained between 5 to 16 nm. The morphology is homogeneous without pores and without cracks. The bandgap value for TiO2-CNTs-Cu and TiO2 films were 3.22 and 3.48 eV respectively. For photocatalytic evaluation Visible and UV irradiation were used and TiO2-CNTs showed a degradation of 53%.
Fabrication, characterization and effects of CuO nanoparticles on the optical behavior of polypyrrole polymeric films
Authors:   Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia, Al-Yousef H. A. , Alotaibi B. M. ,   Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia, Atta A. ,   Physics Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box: 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia, Abdeltwab E. ,   Physics Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box: 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia, Abdel-Hamid M. M. ,   Charged Particles Lab., Radiation Physics Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
Published: February 2024

The successful preparation of flexible PPy/CuO nanocomposite consisting of polypyrrole (PPy) with copper oxide (CuO) was achieved. The structural analysis of PPy and PPy/CuO was conducted by EDX, SEM, TEM, and FTIR techniques, which providing the successful fabrications of PPy/CuO nanocomposite films. The EDX analysis of thePPy/CuO nanocomposite reveals the presence of characteristic peaks corresponding to the elements of C, Cu, N, and O, with weight percentages of 47.46%, 9.05%, 19.08%, and 24.41%, respectively. The obtained results provide confirmation that the PPy/CuO nanocomposite film does not exhibit the presence of any impurity components. The FTIR noticed that all peaks of PPy spectrum also showed in the spectra of PPy/CuO nanocomposite films with a little shifts in peaks, in which these shifts increase with increasing contents of CuO nanoparticles. The findings of this study indicate that there are interactions occurring between PPy/CuO. Furthermore, SEM was employed to elucidate the morphological of the (PPy) and PPy/CuO. The SEM demonstrate that the copper oxide (CuO) are evenly distributed within the nanocomposite films. Using Tauc's relation, the band gap and Urbach energy of PPy and PPy/CuO films. were determined. The addition of varying concentrations (2.5%, 5%, and 10%) of CuO to PPy increase the Urbach tail of PPy, resulting in energy values of 1.08 eV, 1.11 eV, and 1.13 eV, correspondingly. Simultaneously, the presence of CuO causes reduction in the band gap of PPy from 3.42 eV to 3.35 eV, 3.32 eV, and 3.30 eV. Consequently, the incorporation of CuO into PPy/CuO composite films induces both structural and optical modifications, rendering these films suitable for utilization in optoelectronic devices.
Algorithm vs clinical experience: controlled ovarian stimulations with follitropin delta and individualised doses of follitropin alpha/beta
Authors: Gazzo Irene , Bovis Francesca , Colia Denise , Sozzi Fausta , Costa Mauro , Anserini Paola , Massarotti Claudia
Published: February 2024

In the registration trials, follitropin delta was compared with a fixed dose of 150 UI of follitropin alpha/beta, finding higher chances to reach a target response of 8–14 oocytes compared to controls. For this reason, follitropin delta is marketed as particularly useful in expected hyper-responder patients. The main outcome of this study is to report if comparable results are reached in a real-life scenario with follitropin alpha/beta doses chosen by the physician, based on patients’ characteristics. This is a retrospective study performed in two public fertility centres. All first cycles from January 2020 to June 2022 with either follitropin delta (cases) or alpha/beta (controls) in patients with anti-Müllerian hormone >2.5 ng/mL were compared by an inverse probability weighting approach based on propensity score. The follitropin total dose was higher in controls (1179.06 ± 344.93 vs 1668.67 ± 555.22 IU, P < 0.001). The target response of 8–14 oocytes was reached by 40.2% of cases and 40.7% of controls (odds ratio (OR): 0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65–1.53, P = 0.98). Fewer than 8 oocytes were collected in 24.1% of cases and 22% of controls (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.71–1.69, P = 0.67); more than 14 oocytes in 35.7% of cases and 37.3% of controls (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.54–1.28, P = 0.40). Our experience did not find worse results in term of proportion of patients who reached the target response with an algorithm-chosen dose of follitropin delta compared to a personalised starting dose of follitropin alpha/beta, with follitropin delta having the advantage of objectivity. However, larger numbers are needed to confirm these results.

Lay summary

The starting dose of the drugs used to stimulate the ovaries in IVF (gonadotropins) is usually decided by the doctor, using their clinical experience and expertise and tailored to the individual patient. Recently one type of stimulating drug (follitropin delta) was marketed with an algorithm for deciding the starting dose based on the patient’s anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels and weight. In the initial trials, it was compared with a fixed dose of standard follitropins (alpha/beta), and it was found to reduce the likelihood of an excessive response in patients at risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. We report on these results, in terms of number of eggs obtained, in patients with an expected high ovarian response, compared to doses of standard follitropins that were not fixed, but personalised, to see if this did not make a difference. We found similar results in the two groups, suggesting that using the algorithm to decide the dose of follitropin delta does not work less well than a personalised starting dose of follitropin alpha/beta, but has the advantage of being objective.
The Meaning of Consolidation
Authors:   Wiggins Teape Research & Development Ltd., Beaconsfield, Bucks, Rance H. F.
Published: February 2024

It has become customary for the Chairman of the Fundamental Research Committee to present an introduction to these fundamental research conferences in order to explain not only the aims and objectives, but also the plan of attack of the conference. I have entitled this introduction, The meaning of consolidation, because I believe that misunderstanding about the meaning of words is one of the main causes of confusion in the modern world. It always pays handsomely to decide what you are talking about, otherwise all your discussion may be wasted.
Detection and Cause of the Layered Structure of Paper
Authors:   Wiggins Teape Research and Development Ltd., Butler's Court, Beaconsfield, Bucks, Radvan B. , Dodson C. ,   Wiggins Teape Research and Development Ltd., Butler's Court, Beaconsfield, Bucks, Skold C. G. ,   Pappersbrukens Centrallaboratorium, Stockholm
Published: February 2024

A method is described of determining the distribution of fibres in the thickness of a sheet of paper. It relies on observing the disposition of a small proportion of dyed fibres in a transparentised sheet. All the samples examined show a highly layered structure. Density profiles of the boundary of a sheet being formed in a drainage apparatus have been measured and the movement of single fibres was observed in approaching the forming zone in a model of the wire part of a paper machine. Both experiments show that a diffuse zone exists at the boundary of the forming mat, in which thickening of the stock takes place. The length of this zone is only a few millimetres and most of the formation takes place by filtration rather than by thickening. This finding is confirmed by computations based on a theory of formation, which includes both thickening and filtration. An argument is advanced that the layered structure of paper is the inevitable result of this mechanism of formation, which takes place at the usual papermaking consistencies. Much higher consistencies would be needed in order to produce a more felted structure of the sheet.
Web Formation with Synthetic Organic Polymers
Authors:   Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, New York, Mark H.
Published: February 2024

Organic polymers have always been useful for the making of fibres, films, rubbers, plastics, adhesives and coatings and cover a wide range of properties. For several years, systematic efforts have been made to explore the use of fully synthetic fibres on a paper machine either alone or together with cellulose materials. Several sheet properties can be substantially improved by this approach. More recently, the preparation of polymer systems has been studied that occupy an intermediate position between a uniform fibre and a homogeneous film. They have been called `fibrids’ and permit one to prepare two-dimensional sheet-like entities without the use of a liquid vehicle (such as water on a papermachine) that range in their properties from paper to textiles.
Bacteria isolated from Niger River water in Bamako showed multi-resistance to antibiotics
Authors: Koumaré Yacouba , Hamadoun Babana Amadou , Bah Aïssé , Kassogué Adounigna , Dao Sognan , Amadou Diallo Kangaye , Alhadji Faradji Fatoumata
Published: February 2024

In Bamako; infectious diseases caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria are major public health problem. Because of the ability of these bacteria to resist to one or more antibiotics, these diseases have been more difficult to treat. Because of antibiotic contamination derived from human activities, rivers become the reservoir for the dissemination of antibiotic resistant bacteria. The use of water containing antibiotic resistant bacteria increased the health risks associated with the waterborne bacteria in animals and humans. The aim of this study is to investigate the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria from the Niger river water in Bamako rivers. A total of 177 pathogenic bacterial strains were isolated. Among the 177 bacterial isolates, thirty-one (31) were isolated as Staphylococcus aureus, sixty-four (64) were isolated as Salmonella sp. and eighty-two (82) as Escherichia coli. The results from this study showed that the Niger river in Bamako is exposed to high level of antibiotics compound which may lead the bacteria to develop mechanism of antibiotic resistant. This may be behind serious threats to the public health and environment.
Infraestructura ecológica y adaptación urbana al cambio climático. Explorando el potencial de los espacios verdes.
Authors: Karis Clara María , Mujica Camila Magalí
Published: February 2024

Los espacios verdes públicos (EVP) que forman parte de la infraestructura ecológica (IE) desempeñan una función relevante en la adaptación urbana al cambio climático, al proveer servicios ecosistémicos como la regulación de la temperatura y la prevención de inundaciones. En este contexto, en este artículo se estima la capacidad de los EVP para responder a los impactos del cambio climático mediante la presencia de vegetación y se analiza la opinión de la población local respecto de su contribución en la ciudad de Mar del Plata (Argentina). Para ello, se utilizan datos provenientes de un índice de vegetación en los EVP y de una encuesta realizada a usuarios de estos espacios. Los resultados del índice permiten obtener un diagnóstico de la situación actual respecto de la vegetación en los EVP y detectar zonas críticas de intervención. Por otra parte, el análisis de la encuesta revela que la mayor parte de los encuestados considera que estos espacios contribuyen a abordar los desafíos que plantea el cambio climático en el área de estudio y que son muy relevantes en su calidad de vida.
Application of a scoring evaluation of the state of preservation of historic residential and garden sites. Case study: wicimice and iglice (zachodniopomorskie voivodeship)
Authors:   Katedra Gospodarki Przestrzennej i Architektury Krajobrazu, Wydział Inżynierii Środowiska i Geodezji, Uniwersytet Rolniczy w Krakowie, ul. Balicka 253 C, 30-198 Kraków, Uruszczak Michał
Published: February 2024

Aim of the study: The objective of the article is to apply a scoring evaluation method to residential and garden sites and evaluate historic, aristocratic parks in Wicimice and Iglice (Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship, Poland). The results are intended to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method, identify its strengths and weaknesses, and guide its improvement. In addition, it tells the story of the objects and depicts their current situation. Material and methods: The evaluation of each of the parks followed a site visit. The scoring evaluation involves several critical domains: site exploitation, state of compositions, state of architecture (including small structures and park furniture), state of vegetation, and state of the surroundings. The potential maximum score is 21 points. Each component can be evaluated as being in a ‘good’, ‘moderate’, and ‘poor’ state. ‘Good’ state is assigned to parks that scored not fewer than 14 points. The ‘moderate’ state is from 8 to 13 points, and the ‘poor’ state, from 0 to 7 points. Results and conclusions: The state of the palaces in Wicimice and Iglice was evaluated as poor. The cause for this is significantly complex and comprises ‘revolutionary changes’ regarding property ownership after 1945 and 1989. The best-scoring domains were the surroundings of the objects (3 and 2 points for the parks in Wicimice and Iglice, respectively), which may encourage potential buyers to invest in the sites. Natural landscapes, forests, and listed cultural heritage are noteworthy. The applied scoring method for evaluating residential and garden sites has been demonstrated to be effective in this case as assumed.
Analysis of land use changes based on austrian cadastre maps: A case study, pisarzowa, lesser Poland voivodeship
Authors:   Katedra Gospodarki Przestrzennej i Architektury Krajobrazu, Wydział Inżynierii Środowiska i Geodezji, Uniwersytet Rolniczy im. Hugona Kołłątaja w Krakowie Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Kraków, Pazdan Maria
Published: February 2024

Aim of the study: The purpose of this work is to analyze the changes in land use that have occurred in a selected area from 1846 to 2022. The analysis was conducted on the basis of Austrian cadastral maps and the current cadastral map. Material and methods: A historical analysis of land use changes was conducted in the area of the village of Pisarzowa, located in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Limanowa County, Limanowa commune. For the analysis, scans of Austrian cadastral maps from 1846 obtained from the National Archives in Kraków were used. As comparative data, a digital cadastral map obtained from the Limanowa County Office of Geodetic and Cartographic Documentation was used. Spatial analyses were conducted using the geoprocessing tools of the QGIS program. Results and conclusions: The analysis resulted in a comparison of the areas of the individual land uses in 1846 and 2022. The observed land use changes confirm the increase in the area of built-up and urbanized land, as well as the increase in the area of forest and wooded and shrubland land at the expense of the area of agricultural land. A map of areas in Pisarzowa was created, where changes in land use have occurred over the years. Over a period of 176 years, more than half of the land in the analyzed area remained in its original form of use.
Recensión de libro: Basilotta Gómez-Pablos, V. y García Barrera, A. (2023). Metodologías activas aplicando tecnologías digitales. Madrid, Narcea, 208 pp.
Authors: Estévez-Méndez José-Luis
Published: February 2024

Book Review
Enhancing piezoresistivity of cement sensor with supplementary materials and carbonation curing
Authors: Jang Daeik , Bang Jinho , Jeon Haemin
Published: February 2024

This study explores the fabrication of cement-based sensors blended with supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) using carbonation curing. The effects of SCM types (i.e. fly ash or slag) and curing conditions on degree of carbon dioxide uptake, compressive strength, electrical conductivity and piezoresistive sensing capability were systematically examined. The results indicate that the inclusion of fly ash or slag enhances the degree of carbon dioxide uptake. However, it is also found that the excessive carbonation curing negatively affects compressive strength. Electrical resistivity is increased after carbonation curing due to carbonation-induced hydrate formation disrupting carbon nanotube-based conductive networks. The piezoresistive sensing capability is influenced by binder types and curing conditions, with higher sensitivity observed in samples blended with fly ash.
Impact of air pollution: tourists’ decision making behaviour during rural tourism
Authors: Zuo Xianjuan
Published: February 2024

In recent years, the increasingly severe air pollution has not only posed a threat to residents’ health but also had a significant influence on tourists’ travel decision making behaviours. This study utilised empirical dynamic model–long short-term memory model to predict air pollutant concentrations in Xidi Village, China, and investigated their impact on tourists’ travel decisions. According to the results, there is a negative correlation between air quality and air quality index (AQI). The lowest AQIs were recorded in May and August 2022, with visitor numbers reaching 12 305 and 11 705, respectively. During the period from May to October, except for ozone (O3), which reached a maximum concentration of 157 μg/m3, all other pollutant concentrations remained at low levels. According to the predictions of the model, Xidi Village often experiences high concentrations of air pollutants during the spring and winter seasons, leading to hazy weather. This information provides accurate air quality data for tourists, helping them avoid periods of severe pollution at their travel destinations and reducing travel risks.
A micromechanical model for estimating the shear modulus and damping ratio of loose sands under low stresses: application to a Mars regolith simulant
Authors: Caicedo Bernardo , Chaparro M. J. , Castillo Betancourt J. P. , Cabrera M. A. , Delage P. , LognonnÉ PH. , Banerdt B.
Published: February 2024

The dynamic properties of loose sands under low stresses have been poorly investigated because of the higher order of magnitude of stress levels in terrestrial geotechnical structures. However, low densities and low stresses prevail in the sandy surface deposits of some other rocky planets, making low-stress conditions relevant for extra-terrestrial soil mechanics. This is the case for Mars, on the surface of which a seismometer has been placed during the InSight mission. In this context, a dynamic shear rheometer was used to measure the shear modulus and damping ratio of a Martian regolith simulant under very low stresses to improve the interpretation of the InSight dataset on surface materials. This paper also revisits the grain contact stiffness and the overall modulus of a random packing of identical spheres, based on the Hertz–Mindlin contact theory. A micromechanical model accounting for the effects of both grain roughness and slipping in the soil degradation curve is proposed. The results of the model show a good agreement with experimental data, capturing the non-linear transition from low to high shear strains. The model hence provides a new framework for a better understanding of the behaviour of granular materials in low-gravity (extra-terrestrial) conditions.
Impact evaluation of polypropylene fibres on the engineering behaviour of Siwalik clay
Authors: Ashiq Syed Zishan , Akbar Aziz , Farooq Khalid , Mujtaba Hassan , Raja Babar Nasim Khan
Published: February 2024

In the Kashmir region of Pakistan, the presence of Siwalik clays engenders serviceability issues to the infrastructure causing substantial loss of property. In this study, an attempt has been made to address these issues using polypropylene fibres (PPFs) as a sustainable modifier. These fibres were used in five different proportions, namely 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1 and 1.25% as partial replacement of base soil to analyse their impact on the engineering behaviour of matrices. Classification, compaction, indirect tensile, unconfined and triaxial compression, swell potential, consolidation and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests were conducted on controlled as well as reinforced-clay samples for comparative analyses. The maximum improvements were observed in unconfined compressive strength (109%), tensile strength (300%), cohesion (13%), friction angle (110%), soaked CBR (800%) and un-soaked CBR (550%). Besides, the reduction in swelling strain by 92% was also recorded corresponding to 1 kPa effective vertical stress. The capital cost analyses showed that PPFs reduced the costs of backfill behind the retaining wall and foundation soil beneath isolated footing by 21 and 44.5%, respectively. Moreover, the modifier had no adverse effect on the aqueous media. Conclusively, PPFs can be used as sustainable modifiers leading to a potential solution for serviceability issues.
PROJECT METHOD AS A MEANS OF STUDENTS' CREATIVITY DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Kyrgyz National Agrarian University named after K.I. Skryabin, Omurzakova Cholpon
Published: February 2024

The scientific article deals with the development of students' cognitive abilities, the ability to independently design their knowledge, develop critical and creative thinking using the project-based teaching method. Using the possibilities of information technology allows us to successfully solve this problem. At present, the method of projects is widely used in education focused on creative activity. This method develops the collective work of students, their creative activity, thinking. The student searches for scientific knowledge, designs it. The student enriches his knowledge, develops, begins to apply them in practice. Based on the formation of activities, the student masters certain ways.
THE IMPORTANCE OF USING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN ONLINE TEACHING IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN PANDEMIC
Authors:   Ala-Too International University, Erdolatov Sanzharbek
Published: February 2024

In this article discusses the importance of information technology in online learning in higher education in a pandemic. The purpose of this article is to discuss the use of information technology in online learning. It was emphasized that Moodle has played an important role in distance learning through e-learning tools. It has been observed that the majority of university teachers find it difficult to teach students without the use of information technology. Allows improving the quality of students' knowledge through the use of information technology. It was emphasized that the use of information technology should focus on the formation of knowledge, skills, abilities and experiences of students.
CYBER SECURITY IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM
Authors:   Ala-Too International University, Esenalieva Gulzat
Published: February 2024

In the modern educational process, the field of informatization and cybersecurity threats is of great relevance today. It should be noted that informatization processes and cybersecurity problems in the educational environment are interconnected. The rapid development of information technologies and widespread digitalization has seen a trend of large-scale application in the field of education of new ways of communication, organization of the educational process, and knowledge control. A number of problems that have been observed recently in the process of using information technologies in the educational process, potential threats to cybersecurity (such as filtering unwanted information, unauthorized access to data, cyberterrorism, problems of regulating the use of social networks) are described. The problem of pedagogical support of students on the formation of their information-safe behavior on the Internet and social networks is also considered.
THE SPECIFICITY OF THE USE OF ANTHROPOFORMANTS IN THE WORK «BABUR-NAME» AS A REFLECTION OF INTERCULTURAL CONCEPTS
Authors:   Osh State University, Abdykadyrova Syuita
Published: February 2024

This article is devoted to the identification of anthropoformants in the text "Babur- name", one of the oldest monuments of Turkish culture, as a reflection of intercultural concepts. The relevance of the topic of the work is determined by the fact that the eastern mentality has been studied rather superficially in comparison with the European one. The main purpose of the work is a comprehensive study of anthroponyms using the example of the text of Zakhiriddin Muhammad Babur "Babur-name". The tasks of the work include the description of the anthropogenic space in the text "Babur-name" and the definition of the specifics of the national perception of reality and the peculiarities of its reflection in linguistic means. The main research methods of the article are the descriptive method, which includes such techniques as the study of factual material, generalization and interpretation of some anthroponyms in Babur-name, and the comparative-historical method - in determining the genetic affiliation of anthropogenic vocabulary in the text of the work, in identifying changes in the structure and the composition of anthroponyms occurring over different periods of time. Anthropoformants in the text "Babur-name" were considered in the synthesis of cultural, linguistic, and social factors from the standpoint of cultural linguistics. This fact is associated with various periods of social and cultural life, characterized by stereotypical ideas about the function of the name in society, various events in the political and social life of the time in which Babur lived.
THE FUNCTIONAL AND SEMANTIC CONTRAST OF DISAPPROVAL AND DISCONTENT EXPLICATIONS IN ENGLISH AND KYRGYZ COLLOQUIAL SPEECH
Authors:   Bishkek State University named after K.Karasaev, Zhumakeeva Elmira , Talkanova Cholpon ,   Bishkek State University named after K.Karasaev
Published: February 2024

The article describes a functional-semantic contrast between the expressions of disapproval and discontent in English and Kyrgyz’s colloquial speech. The aims are to identify the similarities and differences between the studied phenomena in both compared languages, as well as to identify such moments that would remain unnoticed when studying the system of only one language. It was found that the speech acts of disapproval as a higher degree of negative-evaluation semantics is realized through the main parts of the functional and semantic field (FSF) - the core and center of the field; while the speech act of discontent as a lower degree of negative-evaluation semantics is realized only through the peripheral parts of the FSF - the near and far periphery of the field.
SOME PROBLEMS WITH COLLECTION, RESEARCH AND PUBLISHING OF THE KYRGYZ FOLK ORAL WORKS
Authors:   Kyrgyz National University named after J. Balasagyn, Ismailova Gulbarchyn
Published: February 2024

The article analyzes the work on the collection, publication, and research of Kyrgyz folk oral works. There were conclusions that today the immense, rich, cultural poetic heritage of our ancestors is preserved as an invaluable heritage that provides information about social, historical, everyday life and all aspects of their past life. Basically in the Soviet period, along with the collection of oral works of the Kyrgyz people, a lot of work was done to publish it and provide wide access to it, selected and complete collections the peoples ‘works were published. In our time, folk oral creativity serves the future generation, the people as an important spiritual, patriotic, aesthetic education.
HISTORY OF VOWELS SYSTEM IN THE KYRGYZ LANGUAGE (Based on the manuscripts of Moldo Niyaz (1823-1896)
Authors:   Ala-Too International University, Narmamatova Guzada
Published: February 2024

This article examines the history of the Kyrgyz vowel system based on the manuscripts of Moldo Niyaz, who lived 200 years ago. One of the main features of the vowel system is the data on ancient long vowels, which have not been studied in detail to date. Words with ancient vowels in the text were identified by the comparative historical method of linguistics with variants of other Turkic languages in which ancient long vowels were preserved. In accordance with the requirements of the study of manuscripts, the lines of each word in the text, a page of the original and electronic text were shown. Example: чуу 15(24/32). The use of diphthongs from the phonetic features of the ichkilich dialect (one of Kyrgyz dialect), the preservation of words from the phonetic features of the ancient Turkic language, the first syllable of which is open and the second syllable of which ends in a narrow vowel, add to the number of vowel systems in the text. The change of vowels in the text is the result of the fall of consonants, the effect of consonants on vowels, vowels in the accepted words, changes in the phonetic features of the Kyrgyz language.
REFLEXES OF INSTRUMENTAL CASE IN THE KYRGYZ LANGUAGE
Authors:   Ala-Too International University, Usupova Elnura
Published: February 2024

This study deals with the features of the instrumental case in the Kyrgyz language. Remains of the instrumental case are preserved in all modern Turkic languages: Kk. caz-ın «in summer», Şor. kün-ün «during the day», Yak. qıh-ın «in winter», Kaz. jasır-ın «secretly, by stealth» etc. A sufficient number of hardened form examples of the instrumental case in modern Kyrgyz have been identified during the research survey. In the Kyrgyz language, there are some words preserving the remnants of the instrumental case used in ancient Turkic. These words are often used as adjectives, sometimes as adverbs, postpositions, and pronouns.