bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glycemic Control and Hypoglycemia in Patients Treated with Insulin Pump Therapy: An Observational Study
Authors: Guzmán Guillermo , Martínez Veline , Yara Julián David , Mina Miguel Angel , Solarte Juan Sebastian , Victoria Angela María , Fériz Karen
Published: August 2020

Introduction. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a highly prevalent disease worldwide. It has been associated with an important morbimortality due to its complications and sometimes as a result of adverse events related to treatment. Insulin pump therapy (IPT) is one of the options used to control this disease and reduces one of the most frequent complication associated with treatment: hypoglycemia, which has also a great impact on life quality and clinical status of patients. Materials and Methods. A descriptive and retrospective study was performed including patients treated and followed by the department of endocrinology from a high-complexity university hospital in Cali, Colombia, between 2012 and 2017. Patients were on IPT and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM): MiniMed Paradigm® Veo™ Insulin Pump (Medtronic®) and MiniMed 640G Insulin Pump-Enlite™ Sensor (Medtronic®). Presentation of hypoglycemia and variables associated with its development were evaluated. Results. 51 patients were included. The main indication for IPT initiation was the report of hypoglycemic episodes and inappropriate metabolic control. Initiation of IPT was related with a decrease in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and also a decrease in severe hypoglycemic events and hospitalization due to hypoglycemia. The risk factors linked with clinically significant hypoglycemia were male gender, and standard deviation of glucose measures calculated by CGM. A diminished glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (<60 mL/min/1.73 m2) was correlated with higher risk of severe hypoglycemia. Conclusion. IPT with CGM is a useful strategy in the management of patients with DM; it is associated with a reduction of adverse hypoglycemic events and hospitalizations due to hypoglycemia.
Study on the Application Scheme of Aerodynamic Coefficient Identification Based on the Differential Evolution Algorithm
Authors: Liu Pengfei , Cao Hongsong , Feng Shunshan , Liu Hengzhu , Du Ye
Published: August 2020

The present paper studies the application schemes of aerodynamic coefficient identification based on the differential evolution (DE) algorithm from free flight data. Two identification schemes utilizing the DE algorithm are proposed, including the whole discrete point (WDP) scheme and the differential interval linear (DIL) scheme. Several comparative tests are conducted to study the performances of the two schemes by using the noisy simulated flight data and the measured radar data. The results show satisfactory performance in estimating the aerodynamic coefficients for the two schemes. The WDP scheme provides more accurate and robust coefficients estimates in exchange of more than two times greater computational effort compared with the DIL scheme.
Peritoneal Metastatic Cancer Stem Cells of Gastric Cancer with Partial Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition and Enhanced Invasiveness in an Intraperitoneal Transplantation Model
Authors: Song Xiao-Hai , Chen Xin-Zu , Chen Xiao-Long , Liu Kai , Zhang Wei-Han , Mo Xian-Ming , Hu Jian-Kun
Published: August 2020

Objectives. This preliminary study is aimed at enriching and isolating peritoneal metastatic cancer stem cells (pMCSCs) of gastric cancer and assessing their epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype and invasiveness.Methods. Cancer stem cells of human gastric cancer (CSC-hGC) were previously isolated and transfected with green fluorescent protein and luciferase genes to validate the mouse model of peritoneal metastasis established via transplantation. The first and second generations ([G1] and [G2], respectively) of pMCSCs were isolated from intraperitoneally transplanted CSC-hGC (pMCSC-tGC) by spherical culture. CSC and EMT-related markers and regulators in the two generations of intraperitoneally transplanted tumors were examined by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining, and quantitative PCR. Cell mobility was examined by a transwell assay.Results. The nude mouse model of intraperitoneally transplanted CSC-hGC was successful in establishing sequential formation of peritoneal tumors and enrichment of pMCSCs. CD44 and CD54 were consistently expressed in the two generations of transplanted tumors. In vitro cell (migration) assays and immunocytofluorescence assays showed that in pMCSC-tGC[G2], E-cad, Survivin, and Vimentin expression was stable;α-SMA expression was decreased; and OVOL2, GRHL2, and ZEB1 expression was increased. PCR analysis indicated that in pMCSC-tGC[G2], the mRNA expression of E-cad,α-SMA, MMP9, MMP2, and Vimentin was downregulated, while that of ZEB1, OVOL2, and GRHL2 was upregulated. In vivo tumor (homing) assays and immunohistochemical assays demonstrated that in pMCSC-tGC[G2], E-cad and Snail were upregulated, whileα-SMA was downregulated. The numbers of migrated and invaded pMCSC-tGC[G1]and pMCSC-tGC[G2]were significantly higher than those of CSC-hGC in migration and invasion assays.Conclusions. pMCSCs might be a specific subpopulation that can be sequentially enriched by intraperitoneal transplantation. pMCSCs exhibited a tendency towards partial mesenchymal-epithelial transition, enhancing their invasiveness during homing and the formation of peritoneal tumors. However, these preliminary findings require validation in further experiments.
Traditional Practices and Consumer Habits regarding Consumption of Underutilised Vegetables in Kilimanjaro and Morogoro Regions, Tanzania
Authors: Chacha James S. , Laswai Henry S.
Published: August 2020

Background. Wild vegetables serve an important purpose in the health and diet of many people residing in the rural areas. Various traditional practices associated with their processing and consumption are uncommon and unknown to the present generation, resulting to their underutilization. Methods. Qualitative data were obtained through focus group discussions (FGDs), key informant interviews (KIIs), and participant observation. Using a checklist and questionnaire, a total of 120 individuals from 120 randomly selected households in Kilimanjaro and Morogoro regions were interviewed. Results. Underutilised indigenous vegetables from Morogoro and Kilimanjaro regions were investigated. Out of 40 vegetables, four underutilised vegetables (UVs), Sunga (Launea cornuta), Kikundembala (Vigna vexillata), Mokiki (Momordica foetida), and Inyiri (Basella alba), were identified, collected, and studied. Over 75% of respondents preferred UVs to exotic species, the likes of cabbage, amaranth, eggplant, pumpkin leaves, and spinach. It was further noted that with the existing myths and fads associated with consumption of UVs, as well as the widespread use of the exotic vegetable species among the modern generation, UVs’ future demand is diminishing. Conclusion. There are many varieties of UVs in Morogoro and Kilimanjaro regions. However, the UVs are currently showing decreasing demand due to various reasons including difficulties in preparation, low palatability, and negative image to consumers; introduction of exotic species of vegetables was found to further suppress the use of UVs.
Preparation and Photocatalytic Water Splitting Hydrogen Production of Titanium Dioxide Nanosheets
Authors: Li Fuying , Huang Yin , Peng Hongling , Cao Yu , Niu Yu
Published: August 2020

Improving the efficiency of photocatalytic water splitting to produce hydrogen is currently a hot topic in research. TiO2 nanosheets are a good carrier of photocatalytic materials and have become attractive materials in the new century because of their high active surface exposure characteristics and special morphology. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of conventional chemical and physical methods that are used for preparing TiO2 nanosheets, an optimized scheme for the preparation of TiO2 nanosheets via hydrothermal calcination was proposed. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-visible diffuse reflection absorption spectra (DRS) were used to characterize the structure and morphology of the TiO2 nanosheets, and differences in the photocatalytic water splitting hydrogen production activity of the different calcination temperatures were compared. The suitable calcination temperature of the TiO2 nanosheets was 400°C, and the hydrogen production rate was 270 μmol/h, which indicated that the sheet structure was beneficial for improving the photocatalytic water splitting hydrogen production performance of the material. It is hoped that this work will support the regulation of the surface morphology and surface modification of nanomaterials.
Zingiber officinale Roscoe Prevents DNA Damage and Improves Muscle Performance and Bone Integrity in Old Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Makpol Suzana , Abdul Sani Nur Fathiah , Hakimi Nur Haleeda , Ab Rani Nazirah , Zakaria Siti Nor Asyikin , Abd Rasid Ahmad Fais , Gunasekaran Geetha , Mohd Sahardi Nur Fatin Nabilah , Tan Jen Kit , Abd Ghafar Norzana , Mad Nordin Mariam Firdhaus
Published: August 2020

Age‐related loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength or sarcopenia is attributed to the high level of oxidative stress and inadequate nutritional intake. The imbalance in oxidative status with increased production of free radicals results in damage to the DNA which leads to cell dysfunction. This study aimed to determine the effect of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger) on muscle performance and bone integrity in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. SD rats aged three (young), nine (adult), and twenty‐one (old) months old were treated with either distilled water or ginger extract at a concentration of 200 mg/kg body weight (BW) daily for 3 months via oral gavage. Muscle performance was assessed at 0, 1, 2, and 3 months of treatment by measuring muscle strength, muscle function, and bone integrity while DNA damage was determined by comet assay. Muscle cell histology was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Young and adult ginger‐treated rats showed a significant improvement in muscle strength after 3 months of supplementation. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were increased while fat free mass (FMM) was decreased after 3 months of ginger supplementation in young rats but not changed in adult and old ginger supplemented groups. Interestingly, supplementation of ginger for 3 months to the old rats decreased the level of damaged DNA. Histological findings showed reduction in the size of muscle fibre and fascicles with heterogenous morphology of the muscle fibres indicating sarcopenia was evident in old rats. Treatment with ginger extract improved the histological changes even though there was evidence of cellular infiltration (mild inflammation) and dilated blood vessels. In conclusion, Z. officinale Roscoe prevents DNA damage and improves muscle performance and bone integrity in SD rats indicating its potential in alleviating oxidative stress in ageing and thus delaying sarcopenia progression.
Vertex-Disjoint Paths in a 3-Ary n-Cube with Faulty Vertices
Authors: Ma Xiaolei , Wang Shiying
Published: August 2020

The construction of vertex-disjoint paths (disjoint paths) is an important research topic in various kinds of interconnection networks, which can improve the transmission rate and reliability. The k-ary n-cube is a family of popular networks. In this paper, we determine that there are m2≤m≤n disjoint paths in 3-ary n-cube covering Qn3−F from S to T (many-to-many) with F≤2n−2m and from s to T (one-to-many) with F≤2n−m−1 where s is in a fault-free cycle of length three.
Peripheral Spexin Inhibited Food Intake in Mice
Authors: Lv Shuangyu , Zhou Yuchen , Feng Yu , Zhang Xiaomei , Wang Xinyue , Yang Yanjie , Wang Xinchun
Published: August 2020

Spexin (SPX, NPQ), a novel endogenous neuropeptide, was firstly identified by bioinformatics. Spexin gene and protein widely distributed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues, such as the hypothalamus and digestive tract. The role of spexin in appetite regulation in mammalian is still unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the mechanism and effect of peripheral spexin on food intake in mice. During the light period, an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of spexin (10 nmol/mouse) significantly inhibited cumulative food intake at 2, 4, and 6 h after treatment in fasted mice. During the dark period, spexin (1 and 10 nmol/mouse, i.p.) significantly suppressed cumulative food intake at 4 and 6 h after treatment in freely feeding mice. The GALR3 antagonist SNAP37889, not GALR2 antagonist, significantly antagonized the inhibitory effect on cumulative food intake (0–6 h) induced by spexin. Spexin significantly reduced the mRNA level of Npy mRNA, not Agrp, Pomc, Cart, Crh, Orexin, or Mch, in the hypothalamus. Spexin (10 nmol/mouse, i.p.) increased the number of c-Fos positive neurons in hypothalamic AHA and SCN, but not in ARC, DMN, LHA, PVN, SON, or VMH. The hypothalamic p-CaMK2 protein expression was upregulated by spexin. This study indicated that acute peripheral injection of spexin inhibited mouse food intake. The anorectic effect may be mediated by GALR3, and inhibiting neuropeptide Y (NPY) via p-CaMK2 and c-Fos in the hypothalamus.
Fatigue Life Prediction of Half‐Shaft Using the Strain‐Life Method
Authors: Ma Xipei , Liu Xintian , Wang Haijie , Tong Jiachi , Yang Xiaobing
Published: August 2020

Fatigue life prediction is an important part of the reliability and durability analysis of automobile components. Based on Wang and Brown’s framework, multiaxial random fatigue damage was adopted to predict the fatigue life of half‐shaft. The stress analysis of half‐shaft was resolved analytically to determine the local stress tensor in the potential area of fracture. The maximum shear strain fatigue damage parameter and the normal stress fatigue damage parameter were evaluated to predict the fatigue life of half‐shaft. The results show that the prediction method is reliable and meets the service life and safety requirements.
Multimodal Control by Variable-Structure Neural Network Modeling for Coagulant Dosing in Water Purification Process
Authors: Zhang Jun , Luo Da-Yong
Published: August 2020

Stochastic neural network has the characteristics of good global convergence and fast gradient-based learning ability. It can be applied to multidimensional nonlinear systems, but its generalization ability is poor. In this paper, combined with rule base, through the PCA method, an improved multimodal variable-structure random-vector neural network algorithm (MM-P-VSRVNN) is proposed for coagulant dosing, which is a key production process in water purification process. Ensuring for qualified water, how to control coagulation dosage effectively, obtain valid production cost, and increase more profits is a focus in the water treatment plan. Different with the normal neural network mode, PCA is used to optimize hidden-layer nodes and update the neural network structure at every computation. This method rectifies coagulant dosage effectively while keeping valid coagulation performance. By the way, the MM-P-VSRVNN algorithm can decrease computation time and avoid overfitting learning ability. Finally, the method is proved feasible through the experiment and analyzed by the simulation result.
C-SIW Rumor Propagation Model with Variable Propagation Rate and Perception Mechanism in Social Networks
Authors: Qiu Liqing , Liu Shuqi
Published: August 2020

The propagation of rumor has become a common phenomenon in social networks. Studying the dynamic propagation of rumor can help locate the key points to control rumor propagation. To further research the internal motivation of state transition, a corrector-ignorant-spreader-weakener (C-SIW) model is proposed in this paper. When the individual changes state to transmit rumor, the neighbor may have a significant impact on rumor propagation. Considering the point, this paper constructs a function to describe the propagation rate, which relates to the state of neighbors and the reputation of the spreader. In addition, perception from life also can cause individual state changes. Based on the above fact, the links from the spreader and the weakener to the corrector are added to describe the perception mechanism. Then, combining the derived average field equations, the steady state of the model is analyzed and verified in experimental simulation. Moreover, the experimental results on different networks show that the perception mechanism reduces the rumor influence. Besides, the variable propagation rate can position the fast-growing stage of rumor propagation more accurately and facilitate the control of rumor propagation.
Prediction of Systemic Risk Contagion Based on a Dynamic Complex Network Model Using Machine Learning Algorithm
Authors: Yu Jiannan , Zhao Jinlou
Published: August 2020

It is well known that the interbank market is able to effectively provide financial liquidity for the entire banking system and maintain the stability of the financial market. In this paper, we develop an innovative complex network approach to simulate an interbank network with systemic risk contagion that takes into account the balance sheet of each bank, from which we can identify if the financial institutions have sufficient capital reserves to prevent risk contagion. Cascading defaults are also generated in the simulation according to different crisis-triggering (targeted defaults) methods. We also use machine learning techniques to identify the synthetic features of the network. Our analysis shows that the topological factors and market factors in the interbank network have significant impacts on the risk spreading. Overall, this paper provides a scientific method for policy-makers to select the optimal management policy for handling systemic risk.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some 1,8-Naphthalimide-Acridinyl Hybrids
Authors: Chen Rui , Yuan Caiying , Jaiswal Yogini , Huo Lini , Li Dianpeng , Williams Leonard , Zhong Jing , Liang Yan
Published: August 2020

In the present study, the synthesis of three 1,8-naphthalimide-acridinyl hybrids (2a, 2b, and 5b) using N-amido-1,8-naphthalimides (1 and 4) and acridinyl isothiocyanates is reported. The newly synthesized hybrids were evaluated for their anticancer activity in six human cancer cell lines (HL-60, MT-4, HepG2, HeLa, SK-OV-3, and MCF-7). Their inhibition activity against DNA-topoisomerase I (Topo I) and Electrophorus electricus acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was also studied. The results indicate that 2b displayed good cytotoxicity for MT-4, HepG2, HeLa, and SK-OV-3 with the IC50 values of 14.66 ± 0.31, 27.32 ± 2.67, 17.51 ± 0.34, and 32.26 ± 1.74 μM, respectively. All compounds, especially 2b, exhibited obvious bands corresponding to DNA fragments at 0.5 mM concentration, further confirming the pharmacological mechanism related to the Topo I inhibitory activities. In addition, compound 2a exhibited higher inhibition activity against AChE than 2b and 5b, with IC50 values of 0.32 ± 0.04 mM, and the acridinyl ring may contribute to the activity of 2a.
Simulation Study of the Roof Fracture Pattern of a Horizontal Sublevel Caving in a Steeply Inclined Thick Coal Seam
Authors: Kang Xin , Yang Sheng-li , Zhan Ping , Li Liang-hui
Published: August 2020

Application of a horizontal section top‐coal caving in a steeply inclined thick coal seam not only effectively resolves the problem of the large dip angle of the coal seam and slipping and dumping of mining equipment but also significantly reduces the tunnel drivage ratio and improves the extraction yield. In addition, it allows for a safe and efficient mining from a steeply inclined thick coal seam. In this paper, the roof fracture pattern of a steeply inclined thick coal seam has been studied by a similar simulation experiment. The results of the simulation are consistent with those of the numerical calculations, thus verifying the accuracy of the simulation. The experimental simulation results show that the roof can form a step‐like toppling failure pattern after drawing the coal, and it is difficult to release a triangular coal mass near the floor, which is the main concentration area of coal loss. The numerical simulation results show that, with the excavation of the coal seam, the rock mass around the goaf produces plastic failure, and the damage is mainly concentrated in the roof area. The upper part of the goaf mainly shows a tensile failure, while the other areas mainly show yield failure.
An Approach for the Impact Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Planar Constrained Metamorphic Mechanism
Authors: Song Yanyan , Chang Boyan , Jin Guoguang , Wei Zhan , Li Bo
Published: August 2020

This paper studied the impact dynamic modeling of the planar constrained metamorphic mechanism (PCMM) during configuration transformation. Based on the dynamic theory of the multi-rigid-body system and the coefficient of restitution equation, a new method for dynamic modeling of PCMM considering impact motions generated by configuration transformation is presented, which can be treated as a theoretical foundation for performance design and dynamic control. Firstly, the topology theory based on the impact motion can be classified as the stable impact motion and the mobile impact motion, which is the prerequisite for dynamic modeling and simulation. Secondly, the stable and mobile impact dynamic models for PCMM are established according to the dynamic theory of the multi-rigid-body system. Then, using these models, the corresponding impulse solving models are deduced combining with the coefficient of restitution equation. Finally, the examples of the stable impact motion and the mobile impact motion are respectively given, and the configuration-complete dynamic simulations are carried out. By comparing with the dynamic models without considering the impact motion, the dynamic characteristics of PCMM are analyzed. The theory and method proposed in this paper can be also applied in general planar robotic systems to deal with the problem of internal collision dynamics.
An Efficient and Effective Approach for Flooding Attack Detection in Optical Burst Switching Networks
Authors: Almaslukh Bandar
Published: August 2020

Optical burst switching (OBS) networks are frequently compromised by attackers who can flood the networks with burst header packets (BHPs), causing a denial of service (DoS) attack, also known as a BHP flooding attack. Nowadays, a set of machine learning (ML) methods have been embedded into OBS core switches to detect these BHP flooding attacks. However, due to the redundant features of BHP data and the limited capability of OBS core switches, the existing technology still requires major improvements to work effectively and efficiently. In this paper, an efficient and effective ML-based security approach is proposed for detecting BHP flooding attacks. The proposed approach consists of a feature selection phase and a classification phase. The feature selection phase uses the information gain (IG) method to select the most important features, enhancing the efficiency of detection. For the classification phase, a decision tree (DT) classifier is used to build the model based on the selected features of BHPs, reducing the overfitting problem and improving the accuracy of detection. A set of experiments are conducted on a public dataset of OBS networks using 10-fold cross-validation and holdout techniques. Experimental results show that the proposed approach achieved the highest possible classification accuracy of 100% by using only three features.
A Data Encryption and Fast Transmission Algorithm Based on Surveillance Video
Authors: Qiu Shi , Cui Ying , Meng XianJia
Published: August 2020

Video surveillance is an effective way to record current events. In view of the difficulty of efficient transmission of massive surveillance video and the risk of leakage in the transmission process, a new data encryption and fast transmission algorithm is proposed in this paper. From the perspective of events, the constraints of time and space dimension is broken. First, a background and moving object extraction model is built based on video composition. Then, a strong correlation data encryption and fast transmission model is constructed to achieve efficient data compression. Finally, a data mapping mechanism is established to realize the decoding of surveillance video. Our experimental results show that the compression ratio of the proposed algorithm is more than 60% under the premise of image confidentiality.
ClothFace: A Passive RFID-Based Human-Technology Interface on a Shirtsleeve
Authors: Mehmood Adnan , He Han , Chen Xiaochen , Vianto Aleksi , Vianto Ville , Buruk Oğuz ‘Oz’ , Virkki Johanna
Published: August 2020

This paper introduces ClothFace, a shirtsleeve-integrated human-technology interface platform, which comprises two wrist antennas and three radio frequency identification (RFID) integrated circuits (ICs), each with a unique ID. The platform prototype, which is created on a shirtsleeve by cutting the antennas and antenna-IC interconnections from copper tape, can be used for push button and swipe controlling. Each IC can be activated, i.e., electrically connected to the two antennas, by touching the IC. These ICs can act as wireless input buttons to the technology around us. Due to the used passive ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) RFID technology, there is no need for clothing-integrated energy sources, but the interface platform gets all the needed energy from an external RFID reader. The platform prototype was found to be readable with an external RFID reader from all directions at distances of 70–80 cm. Further, seven people giving altogether 1400 inputs tested the prototype sleeves on a table and on body. In these first tests, 96–100% (table) and 92–100% (on-body) success rates were achieved in a gamelike testing setup. Further, the platform was proved to be readable with an off-the-shelf handheld RFID reader from a distance of 40 cm. Based on these initial results, this implementation holds the potential to be used as a touch interface blended into daily clothing, as well as a modular touch-based interaction platform that can be integrated into the surfaces of electronic devices, such as home appliances.
Experimental and Numerical Study on Hydromechanical Coupled Deformation Behavior of Beishan Granite considering Permeability Evolution
Authors: Wang Z. H. , Ren W. G. , Tan Y. L. , Konietzky Heinz
Published: August 2020

Beishan granite is a potential host rock for a high-level radioactive waste (HLW) repository in China. Understanding the hydromechanical (HM) behavior and permeability evolution of Beishan granite is important for the HLW repository safety. Therefore, the granite of Beishan in Gansu province was studied. HM coupled tests are carried out on Beishan granite under different pore pressures. The results show that the initial pressure difference has little influence on permeability measurement before dilatancy starts. However, after onset of dilatancy, the permeability increases with the increasing initial pressure difference. The initial permeability of Beishan granite is about 10−18 m2 under a confining pressure of 20 MPa. In the initial loading phase, the permeability shows a relatively large reduction. Then, the permeability almost keeps constant until dilatancy starts. From dilatancy point to peak stress, permeability increases linearly with volumetric strain. The proposed permeability evolution rule is implemented into a numerical code to perform HM coupled simulations. The simulation results show that the damaged zone first appears at the model boundary and then extends to the inside, forming high volumetric strain areas. And it provides seepage channels for fluid flow. The macroscopic fracture patterns indicate that pore pressure accelerates rock degradation during HM coupling. The obtained results help to understand the damage mechanisms of granite caused by pore pressures and are of great importance for the safety of a HLW repository.
A New Decision Method of Filling Ratio Based on Energy Matching of Surrounding Rock and Backfill
Authors: Zhou Yanlong , Zhou Keping , Lin Yun
Published: August 2020

In order to simplify the ratio decision process of cemented backfill in underground mines and achieve fine decision of filling ratio, the research on the energy matching between surrounding rock and cemented backfill in underground mines was conducted in this study. Based on the cubic function strength model of cemented backfill, the peak specific energy equation of backfill was improved by inversion analysis of the data of filling ratio experiment, and the functional relationship between the peak specific energy and the filling ratio was obtained by regression analysis. Then, based on the energy balance principle between the deformation energy released by the excavation of the underground rock mass and the peak specific energy of the cemented backfill, considering the physical and mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock of the goaf, including bulk density, elastic modulus, and burial depth, a ratio decision model of cemented backfill is established. The application results suggested that the calculation result of the model is reliable, and it can realize the rapid and accurate decision of the ratio of cement backfill in underground mines.
A Survey of Key Technologies for Constructing Network Covert Channel
Authors: Tian Jing , Xiong Gang , Li Zhen , Gou Gaopeng
Published: August 2020

In order to protect user privacy or guarantee free access to the Internet, the network covert channel has become a hot research topic. It refers to an information channel in which the messages are covertly transmitted under the network environment. In recent years, many new construction schemes of network covert channels are proposed. But at the same time, network covert channel has also received the attention of censors, leading to many attacks. The network covert channel refers to an information channel in which the messages are covertly transmitted under the network environment. Many users exploit the network covert channel to protect privacy or guarantee free access to the Internet. Previous construction schemes of the network covert channel are based on information steganography, which can be divided into CTCs and CSCs. In recent years, there are some covert channels constructed by changing the transmission network architecture. On the other side, some research work promises that the characteristics of emerging network may better fit the construction of the network covert channel. In addition, the covert channel can also be constructed by changing the transmission network architecture. The proxy and anonymity communication technology implement this construction scheme. In this paper, we divide the key technologies for constructing network covert channels into two aspects: communication content level (based on information steganography) and transmission network level (based on proxy and anonymity communication technology). We give an comprehensively summary about covert channels at each level. We also introduce work for the three new types of network covert channels (covert channels based on streaming media, covert channels based on blockchain, and covert channels based on IPv6). In addition, we present the attacks against the network covert channel, including elimination, limitation, and detection. Finally, the challenge and future research trend in this field are discussed.
Overburden Migration and Failure Characteristics in Mining Shallow Buried Coal Seam with Thick Loose Layer
Authors: Xu Zhuhe , Li Quansheng , Li Xiaobin
Published: August 2020

Quite a number of shallow buried coal seams (SBCS) are distributed in China. The overburden is easily damaged due to the mining of SBCS, resulting in water resources loss and surface damage. Taking 12403 working face of Wulanmulun coal mine in Shendong mining area as an example, this paper analyzed the overburden migration and failure characteristics after mining SBCS with thick loose layer based on actual measurement data and simulation results. The results show that the subsidence of strata in caving zone has no skewness feature along strike direction, while the subsidence of strata in fracture zone and bending subsidence zone shows skewness subsidence phenomenon. An interface exists in the overburden, and the movements of upper and lower strata at the interface have different characteristics. The cracks penetrating the whole strata exist in bedrock, not in aeolian sand. The height of water flowing fracture zone is 35.74 m–62.89 m according to the loss of fluid in the borehole and consistent with the results of numerical simulation and similar simulation. This study can provide a reference for the prediction of the height of water flowing fracture zone and the overburden migration in mining SBCS.
The Synergistic Anticancer Effect of Dual Drug- (Cisplatin/Epigallocatechin Gallate) Loaded Gelatin Nanoparticles for Lung Cancer Treatment
Authors: Chen Yin-Ju , Wang Zhi-Weng , Lu Tung-Ling , Gomez Clinton B. , Fang Hsu-Wei , Wei Yang , Tseng Ching-Li
Published: August 2020

Lung cancer has the highest mortality of any cancer worldwide, and cisplatin is a first-line chemotherapeutic agent for lung cancer treatment. Unfortunately, cisplatin resistance is a common cause of therapeutic failure. The ability to overcome chemoresistance is crucial to the effective treatment of lung cancer. Recently, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a type of polyphenol extracted from tea, has been shown to suppress the rapid proliferation of cancer cells, including lung cancer. We tested whether nanoparticles (NPs) carrying a dual drug load, cisplatin and EGCG, could overcome chemoresistance to cisplatin, by working together to kill lung cancer cells. Self-assembling gelatin/EGCG nanoparticles (GE) were synthesized, and cisplatin was then incorporated, to construct a dual drug nanomedicine (EGCG/cisplatin-loaded gelatin nanoparticle, named as GE-Pt NP). The particle size and zeta potential were examined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The morphological structure of GE-Pt NPs was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In vitro testing was performed using a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549). A cytotoxicity examination was performed, using a WST-8 cell proliferation assay. Intracellular cisplatin content was quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In conclusion, we successfully prepared GE-Pt NPs, as spherical structures, approximately 75 nm in diameter, with a positive charge (+19.83±0.25 mV). The encapsulation rate of cisplatin in GE-Pt was about 63.7%, and the EGCG loading rate was around 89%. A relatively low concentration of GE-Pt NPs (EGCG 5 μg/mL : cisplatin 2 μg/mL) exhibited significant cytotoxicity, compared to cisplatin alone. The GE-Pt NPs are freely taken up by cells via endocytosis, raising the intracellular cisplatin concentration to a therapeutic level. We consider that combination therapy of cisplatin and EGCG in nanoparticles (GE-Pt NPs) may help overcome cisplatin resistance and could effectively be used in the treatment of lung cancer.
New Tseng-Degree Gradient Method in Variational Inequality Problem
Authors: Shan Zhuang , Zhu Lijun , He Long , Wu Danfeng , Wei Haicheng
Published: August 2020

This paper focuses on the problem of variational inequalities with monotone operators in real Hilbert space. The Tseng algorithm constructed by Thong replaced a high-precision step. Thus, a new Tseng-like gradient method is constructed, and the convergence of the algorithm is proved, and the convergence performance is higher.
Immune Responses and Risk of Triple-negative Breast Cancer: Implications for Higher Rates among African American Women
Authors: Ogony Joshua W. , Radisky Derek C. , Ruddy Kathryn J. , Goodison Steven , Wickland Daniel P. , Egan Kathleen M. , Knutson Keith L. , Asmann Yan W. , Sherman Mark E.
Published: August 2020

The etiology of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) is poorly understood. As many TNBCs develop prior to the initiation of breast cancer screening or at younger ages when the sensitivity of mammography is comparatively low, understanding the etiology of TNBCs is critical for discovering novel prevention approaches for these tumors. Furthermore, the higher incidence rate of estrogen receptor–negative breast cancers, and specifically, of TNBCs, among young African American women (AAW) versus white women is a source of racial disparities in breast cancer mortality. Whereas immune responses to TNBCs have received considerable attention in relation to prognosis and treatment, the concept that dysregulated immune responses may predispose to the development of TNBCs has received limited attention. We present evidence that dysregulated immune responses are critical in the pathogenesis of TNBCs, based on the molecular biology of the cancers and the mechanisms proposed to mediate TNBC risk factors. Furthermore, proposed risk factors for TNBC, especially childbearing without breastfeeding, high parity, and obesity, are more prevalent among AAW than white women. Limited data suggest genetic differences in immune responses by race, which favor a stronger Thr type 2 (Th2) immune response among AAW than white women. Th2 responses contribute to wound-healing processes, which are implicated in the pathogenesis of TNBCs. Accordingly, we review data on the link between immune responses and TNBC risk and consider whether the prevalence of risk factors that result in dysregulated immunity is higher among AAW than white women.
CD39 Identifies the CD4+ Tumor-Specific T-cell Population in Human Cancer
Authors: Kortekaas Kim E. , Santegoets Saskia J. , Sturm Gregor , Ehsan Ilina , van Egmond Sylvia L. , Finotello Francesca , Trajanoski Zlatko , Welters Marij J.P. , van Poelgeest Mariette I.E. , van der Burg Sjoerd H.
Published: August 2020

The accumulation of tumor-specific CD4+ and CD8+ effector T cells is key to an effective antitumor response. Locally, CD4+ T cells promote the recruitment and effector function of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells and activate innate killer cells in the tumor. Here, we show that tumor-specific CD4+ T cells were predominantly present in the CD39+ subset of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). The CD39+ CD4+ and CD8+ TILs were detected in three different tumor types, and displayed an activated (PD-1+, HLA-DR+) effector memory phenotype. CD4+CD39+ single-cell RNA-sequenced TILs shared similar well-known activation, tissue residency, and effector cell–associated genes with CD8+CD39+CD103+ TILs. Finally, analysis of directly ex vivo cell-sorted and in vitro expanded pure populations of CD39-positive and negative CD4+ and CD8+ TILs revealed that tumor-specific antigen reactivity was almost exclusively detected among CD39+ cells. Immunotherapy of cancer is based on the activation of tumor-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. We show that the expression of CD39 can be used to identify, isolate, and expand tumor-reactive T-cell populations in cancers.
Irisin Protects Brain against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury through Suppressing TLR4/MyD88 Pathway
Authors: Yu Qian , Li Guangyao , Ding Qian , Tao Lei , Li Jiangjing , Sun Li , Sun Xude , Yang Yonghui
Published: August 2020

Background: Inflammatory response exerts an important role in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. TLR4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) are key components in inflammation and are involved in the cerebral I/R injury. Irisin is a skeletal muscle-derived myokine produced after exercise, which was found to suppress inflammation. In this study, we investigated whether irisin could protect the brain from I/R injury through the TLR4/MyD88 pathway. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats (20 months, 190 ∼ 240 g) were pretreated with irisin at 10, 50, or 100 mg/kg for consecutive 3 days and then subjected to surgery of middle cerebral artery occlusion or sham operation. Infarct size and neuron loss were measured to evaluate brain damage. The mRNA and protein levels of TLR4 and MyD88 were measured by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively. NF-κB activation was assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Neurological function was evaluated by neurobehavior score test and passive avoidance test. Results: Irisin could reduce neuronal damage and neurofunctional impairment after I/R injury. This effect was mediated by downregulating the TLR4/MyD88 and inhibiting NF-κB activation. Conclusion: Irisin plays a beneficial effect in I/R injury through regulating the TLR4/MyD88 pathway.
Three-Month Outcome of Carotid Artery Stenting in Patients with/without Coexistent Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Yang Ximeng , Lu Jun , Qi Peng , Wang Junjie , Hu Shen , Chen Kunpeng , Wang Daming
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Safety of carotid artery stenting (CAS) in patients having carotid stenosis with coexistent unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) is rarely reported. Thus, we studied the 3-month outcome of CAS in the presence of coexistent UIAs in our institution. Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients receiving CAS at our institution from September 2011 to December 2019 was carried out. Patients were stratified into 2 groups: group of CAS with UIAs (CAS-UIA) and group of CAS without UIAs (CAS). The main complications within 3 months after stenting were TIA, ischemic stroke, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), rupture of UIAs, and death. The baseline characteristics and complications of the 2 groups were compared. Results: Five hundred fifty-six patients (CAS, n = 468; CAS-UIA, n = 88) were included and 604 stenting procedures were performed. More patients had hypertension in the CAS-UIA group (87.5 vs. 73.7%, p = 0.006). There was no significant difference in TIAs, ischemic stroke, sICH, and death within 3 months after stenting between the CAS and CAS-UIA groups. None of the 113 coexistent UIAs detected in 88 patients had aneurysm rupture within 3 months after CAS. Conclusions: In our large cohort of CAS patients, coexistent UIAs are not uncommon. Stenting of a carotid artery in the presence of coexistent UIAs could be conducted safely. Together with 3-month dual antiplatelet therapy, CAS did not increase the rupture risk of the coexistent UIAs within 3 months.
Treatment of Pemphigus Vulgaris and Foliaceus with Adjuvant Rituximab Compared to Immunosuppression Alone: Real-Life Experience
Authors: Snast Igor , Spitzer Liron , Hodak Emmilia , Levi Assi , Mimouni Daniel , Leshem Yael A.
Published: August 2020

Introduction: In a randomized prospective trial, adjuvant rituximab was more efficacious than corticosteroids alone in the treatment of pemphigus; however, real-life data are limited. Rituximab treatment for pemphigus has only recently been introduced to the Israeli health basket. Previously, patients received rituximab if they paid out of pocket or through private insurance, separating patients into 2 treatment groups, mostly based on economic capability. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of the 12-month clinical response of pemphigus vulgaris/foliaceus patients. We compared patients after a single cycle (1,000 mg on days 0 and 15 or weekly 375 mg/m2 for 4 weeks) of adjuvant rituximab with systemic corticosteroids ± steroid-sparing agents, to patients who were prescribed rituximab, could not obtain it, and received systemic corticosteroids ± steroid-sparing agents. Results: Forty-five patients were included (adjuvant rituximab, n = 29; immunosuppression alone, n = 16). At baseline, rituximab patients had a higher mean pemphigus disease area index (PDAI) (p = 0.07) and higher mean daily dosages of prednisone (1.51 vs. 1.16 mg/kg, p = 0.39). All patients but 1 in the rituximab group continued systemic steroids, and 31% in the rituximab group versus 50% in the immunosuppression-alone group received systemic adjuvants. At 12 months, partial or complete remission rates (on or off maximum 40 mg/day prednisone equivalent) were nonsignificantly higher in the rituximab group (62 vs. 50%, p = 0.53); however, patients on rituximab showed faster remissions (3.4 ± 1.9 vs. 5.9 ± 3.6 months; p = 0.03) with a trend for a greater PDAI reduction (p = 0.051). Adverse events were comparable. Conclusions: In this real-life study, a single cycle of rituximab achieved more remissions and sooner compared to conventional immunosuppression, but the differences were not significant, probably due to a small sample size and severe baseline disease in the rituximab group. Future real-life studies on larger groups are needed.
Affiliative Contact Calls during Group Travel: Chirp and Wail Vocalization Use in the Male Ring-Tailed Lemur (Lemur catta)
Authors: Bolt Laura M.
Published: August 2020

Affiliative vocalizations occur across primate taxa and may be used to maintain spatial cohesion and/or to regulate social interactions in group-living species. For gregarious strepsirhines like the ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta), with large vocal repertoires and several distinct affiliative vocalizations including the chirp and wail, it is important to understand behavioural usage of these vocalizations to gain insight into their social interactions. To determine whether chirp and wail vocalizations facilitate group cohesion, regulate interactions to achieve socially positive outcomes, and are correlated with differences in individual characteristics such as dominance rank and age, I collected 565 h of focal data on 31 males aged ≥1 year at Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve, Madagascar, from March to July 2010. I found that chirp and wail vocalizations occurred at the highest rates during group-wide travel compared to other behaviours. Although nearest neighbour distance did not influence calling rate, focal animals maintained the same distance or were located closer to nearest neighbours after calling. Both chirp and wail calls were heard in behavioural contexts without agonism rather than agonistic contexts. No relationship was found between male calling rate and dominance rank or age, although the chirp showed a non-significant tendency to be produced at higher rates by younger males. Overall, my results indicated that ring-tailed lemur males of all ages and dominance ranks used both chirp and wail vocalizations as contact calls during group-wide travel events, helping individuals maintain proximity to other group members during movement. Chirp and wail vocalizations may additionally help regulate the caller’s social interactions and promote increased tolerance from conspecifics. These findings add to our understanding of the breadth of communication behaviour in wild lemurs, thus furthering our knowledge of the social lives and cognitive abilities of strepsirhines. Through examining the complexity of vocalization use by a living lemur species with a communication system much like early social primates, we gain broad insight into the evolution of primate sociality.