bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison between Two Methods of Preoperative Hair Removal with Surgical Site Infection
Authors: Rahman MM
Published: September 2024

Background: Surgical site infections (SSI) are one of the major complications that develop in surgical patients and are the mostcommon nosocomial infection in patients undergoing surgery, carrying significant morbidity and mortality rates. Severalmeasures are taken to reduce surgical site infection. Removal of hair is also important for a surgery that helps the surgeon inoperation and also after postoperative period during bandaging. Several methods of hair removal are present as razor shaving,depilatory method, clipping etc. Razor shaving is the most popular method of hair removal from operative site of preoperativepatients in developing country like Bangladesh that can cause preoperative skin abrasion that may be source of skin infectionand can induce surgical site infection.

Objective: To determine whether preoperative razor shaving or depilatory method of hair removal is preferred to reducepostoperative wound infection. In addition the study also considered variables under comparisons were age, sex, BMI & Hb%,condition of wound, type of operation, length of incision, duration of operation, pre-operative hospital stay as well as status ofwound healing.

Method: This crosssectional comparative study was conducted on 100 patients of which in case of 50 patients' preoperative hairremoval were done from operation site by razor shaving and in 50 patients' preoperative hair removal were done from operationsite by depilatory method. Outcome variable was wound infection.

Results: Wound infection was compared of both groups of patients. Total 19% wound infections were detected. Among thegroup-I (who had razor shaving), 41 (82%) patients had satisfactory healing and among the Group-II (who had hair removal bydepilatory method), 40 (80%) patients had satisfactory healing. There is no statistically significant difference of woundinfection between the two groups of patients.

Conclusion: There is the same outcome of surgical site infection in case of preoperative hair removal by razor shaving andpreoperative hair removal by depilatory method.
Penjualan Akun Premium Disney+ Hotstar Berbasis Sharing Account Secara Tanpa Hak Melalui Marketplace Shopee
Authors: Sarif Asri , Putri Riska Ayu
Published: September 2024

terdapat banyak pelaku usaha yang tanpa hak melakukan penjualan layanan akun premium Disney+ Hotstar dengan sistem sharing account. Salah satunya yang dilakukan oleh online shop “CloverStoree.id” melalui marketplace Shopee. penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana akibat hukum penjualan akun premium Disney+ Hotstar berbasis sharing account tanpa hak melalui marketplace Shopee, menggunakan metode penelitian normatif yang dilakukan dengan cara meneliti bahan pustaka atau bahan sekunder. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan, bahwa penjualan akun premium Disney+ Hotstar yang dilakukan secara tanpa hak melalui marketplace Shopee merupakan suatu perbuatan melawan hukum dan termasuk dalam tindak pidana penipuan, sehingga pihak yang mengalami kerugian, tanpa didahului dengan somasi dapat menuntut ganti kerugian pada saat itu juga.
ANALISIS PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM HAK ATAS MEREK DALAM PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH AGUNG NOMOR 1349 K/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2022
Authors: Satriatama Danindra Lazuardi , Afwa Ulil
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui analisis perlindungan hukum Hak atas Merek dalam Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1349 K/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2022. Menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan metode pendekatan kasus (case approach) dan spesifikasi penelitian deskriptif analitis. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan (library research), yang kemudian disajikan dalam bentuk teks naratif dengan menggunakan metode normatif kualitatif sebagai metode analisis data. Berdasarkan hasil pembahasan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Penggugat sebagai pemilik Merek ERG kurang mendapat perlindungan hukum terhadap Hak atas Mereknya dalam Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1349 K/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2022 yang mana belum sesuai dengan ketentuan Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis.
Análisis de la imagen corporativa de las organizaciones en sitios web: el caso McDonald’s
Authors: Fornos Antúnez Maciel María Inés , Gallego Cantero Pepa
Published: September 2024

The corporate-image communication is built inside firms as the projection of firm’s ethical and professional values, as well as firm´s attributes, to interest groups (e.g., employees, shareholders, suppliers, customers, etc.). This paper analyzes the messages that the McDonald’s restaurant chain sends to customers through twelve of its websites, for European Union countries, America and Asia. The analysis identifies the firm´s values and attributes, as well as the market characteristics, local and global, through which McDonald’s communicates its corporate image.
La gestión estratégica de la marca en los eventos empresariales 2.0.
Authors: Campillo Alhama Concepción , Ramos Soler Irene , Castelló Martínez Araceli
Published: September 2024

The business events in the relationship marketing strategy have recently undergone an unprecedented transformation both in their own identity and in the specific social communication processes that go on before, during and after the holding of the event. Together with the traditional marketing strategy and the linking with the stake-holders by means of relationship strategies, in the context of the present society, the social media become indispensable platforms to interconnect and interact with groups of interest of business organizations by means of communication 2.0 and social networks. This fact undoubtedly increases the potential of the relationship and communication strategies that business organizations can apply in corporate events and leads us to the need to consider the way the brand-event is managed, and also a new professional profile for the event manager, linked to the functions of emerging roles in the context of online communication, such as the Community Manager, the Content Manager or the Content Curator. Through an intentional sampling of twelve national and international corporate events developed by companies, associations or business organizations and held in our country in the year 2012, we aim to analyse, by means of the case studies methodology, whether the planning of the actions implemented on social media has been designed from well-defined strategic objectives and is, consequently, based on a 2.0 communication strategy, or, on the contrary, its use means an exceptional activity that starts and ends with such event. This analysis will allow us to suggest some basic guidelines that can be helpful to manage the brand strategy in the business events in a professional way.
Simulation study on “Wisp” electron spectra generated by NWC very low frequency transmitter signals
Authors: Liu Yang-Xi-Zi , Xiang Zheng , Zhou Chen , Ni Bin-Bin , Dong Jun-Hu , Hu Jing-Le , Wang Jian-Hang , Guo Hao-Zhi ,   School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
Published: September 2024

Very low frequency (VLF) signals emitted by worldwide spread ground-based man-made transmitters mainly propagate in Earth-ionospheric waveguides and are used for submarine communication. A portion of these signals penetrate the ionosphere and leak into the magnetosphere when the ionospheric electron density decreases on the nightside due to the attenuated sunlight. The VLF transmitter signals in the magnetosphere can scatter electrons with energy of several hundred keV in the inner radiation belt into the drift loss cone through cyclotron resonance. This is an important loss mechanism for electrons in the inner radiation belt and plays an important role in transferring energy and mass from magnetosphere to ionosphere. Electrons scattered by transmitter signals exhibit a “wisp” characteristic in L-Ek spectrum, satisfying the first-order cyclotron resonance relationship between the electrons and the transmitter signals. The “wisp” spectrum can be clearly observed by low earth orbit satellites, presenting opportunities to study wave-particle interactions in near-Earth space. In this study, using the Drift-Diffusion-Source model, we reproduce the “wisp” spectrum formed by scattering effects of NWC transmitter signals observed by DEMETER satellite on March 19, 2009. Our simulation results suggest that the equatorial pitch angle of electrons, observed by DEMETER, varies with the longitude, resulting in distinctions in the observed “wisp” spectrum along different longitudes. Specifically, as the satellite approaches South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) region, both the energy range and flux level of the observed “wisp” spectrum gradually increase. When the previously studied wave normal angle model (with a central wave normal angle of 60°) and the background electron density model are used, the energy range of the simulated “wisp” spectra is higher than the observed value. Adjusting the central wave normal angle to 40° or increasing the background density by a factor of 1.3, the simulated results accord well with the observations. Our results elucidate the scattering effect of NWC transmitter signals on electrons in the radiation belt, and emphasize the importance of analyzing the formation of “wisp” spectrum for understanding wave-particle interactions in near-earth space. Additionally, the Drift-Diffusion-Source model can be used to study wave-particle interactions in the inner radiation belt, helping to develop radiation belt remediation technology.
Recent progress of low-voltage memristor for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Gong Yi-Chun , Ming Jian-Yu , Wu Si-Qi , Yi Ming-Dong , Xie Ling-Hai , Huang Wei , Ling Hai-Feng ,   State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
Published: September 2024

Memristors stand out as the most promising candidates for non-volatile memory and neuromorphic computing due to their unique properties. A crucial strategy for optimizing memristor performance lies in voltage modulation, which is essential for achieving ultra-low power consumption in the nanowatt range and ultra-low energy operation below the femtojoule level. This capability is pivotal in overcoming the power consumption barrier and addressing the computational bottlenecks anticipated in the post-Moore era. However, for brain-inspired computing architectures utilizing high-density integrated memristor arrays, key device stability parameters must be considered, including the on/off ratio, high-speed response, retention time, and durability. Achieving efficient and stable ion/electron transport under low electric fields to develop low-voltage, high-performance memristors operating below 1 V is critical for advancing energy-efficient neuromorphic computing systems. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in low-voltage memristors for neuromorphic computing. Firstly, it elucidates the mechanisms that control the operation of low-voltage memristor, such as electrochemical metallization and anion migration. These mechanisms play a pivotal role in determining the overall performance and reliability of memristors under low-voltage conditions. Secondly, the review then systematically examines the advantages of various material systems employed in low-voltage memristors, including transition metal oxides, two-dimensional materials, and organic materials. Each material system has distinct benefits, such as low ion activation energy, and appropriate defect density, which are critical for optimizing memristor performance at low operating voltages. Thirdly, the review consolidates the strategies for implementing low-voltage memristors through advanced materials engineering, doping engineering, and interface engineering. Moreover, the potential applications of low-voltage memristors in neuromorphic function simulation and neuromorphic computing are discussed. Finally, the current problems of low-voltage memristors are discussed, especially the stability issues and limited application scenarios. Future research directions are proposed, focusing on exploring new material systems and physical mechanisms that could be integrated into device design to achieve higher-performance low-voltage memristors.
Miniaturized photoacoustic/ultrasound endoscopic imaging probe for molecular imaging of deep tissues
Authors: Zhang Jia-Xi , Li Ling-Feng , Zhong Hong-Wen , Xiao Jia-Ying ,   Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Published: September 2024

Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Traditional gastrointestinal endoscopes for colorectal cancer mainly rely on optical endoscope and ultrasound endoscope. Owing to significant light scattering in tissues the optical endoscope is limited to superficial tissue imaging, while the ultrasound endoscope, despite deeper penetration, provides limited molecular imaging capabilities. In this work, we build a miniaturized handheld photoacoustic/ultrasound dual-modality endoscopic probe to address these problems. It has a small size of 8 mm, and presents the dual advantages of high penetration depth and superior molecular imaging capability, marking a significant advancement over traditional methods. Results show that this probe achieves a high lateral resolution of 345 μm for photoacoustic imaging and 185 μm for ultrasound imaging at a depth of 12 mm within tissues. It also exhibits the ability to effectively image complex structural targets, as demonstrated by the imaging of a phantom with an embedded metal mesh. Furthermore, the probe adopts an innovative pump-probe method, which effectively mitigates interference from blood and other background tissues, thereby achieving high-specificity photoacoustic molecular imaging. This ability is first confirmed by imaging the distribution of methylene blue (MB) in a phantom, and then by observing the distribution of MB in the depth of tumor in mice. This handheld photoacoustic/ultrasound endoscopic probe has the advantages of small size, high penetration depth, high spatial resolution, and superior molecular imaging ability, and is expected to become an important diagnostic tool for colorectal cancer and other gastrointestinal cancer. This study can provide strong support for early diagnosis and treatment monitoring, potentially revolutionizing the detection and management of these diseases.
Middle Phalangectomy for the Correction of Macrodactyly of the 2nd Digit in an Adult Patient: A Case Report
Authors: James Ryan , Kak Abdel , Ozcan Haydar
Published: September 2024

Macrodactyly, a rare congenital anomaly characterised by localised gigantism of one or more digits, presents significant challenges in therapeutic management due to the absence of established guidelines. The present case report explored the surgical management of an 18-year-old female patient with macrodactyly of the second digit, addressing discomfort, footwear issues and psychological distress. The study adapts techniques from prior paediatric cases to suit adult care needs, particularly focusing on middle phalangectomy as a feasible treatment option for isolated macrodactyly. Clinical examination and radiographic assessments confirmed primary macrodactyly affecting the patient’s left second toe. The surgical intervention involved middle phalangectomy, debulking of fibrofatty tissue, joint capsule and tendon repair, along with a Winograd wedge resection procedure. Postoperative care included pain management and wound dressing. Despite encountering delayed wound healing and mild necrotic changes, the patient reported manageable pain levels and expressed satisfaction with the cosmetic outcome and improved footwear options at the six-month follow-up. The present case report contributes valuable insights into the management of macrodactyly, highlighting the efficacy of middle phalangectomy in adult patients. Preoperative assessment for peripheral arterial disease is emphasised to mitigate neurovascular complications. Proactive patient counseling regarding potential postoperative complications is crucial for informed decision-making. Overall, the findings underscore the importance of tailored surgical approaches in addressing macrodactyly and improving patients’ quality of life.
The Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Social Support, Resilience and Quality of Life: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Monga Vidhi , Bhatt Rayees Mohammad
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Obesity has become a global health concern, with significant health risks and psychological consequences. Bariatric surgery has gained popularity as an effective treatment for morbid obesity. Therefore, with the increase in these diseases, it becomes crucial for people to manage their health and quality of life better. This study was planned to focus on the impact of bariatric surgery on quality of life, with a specific emphasis on social support and resilience. Aim: To investigate the impact of bariatric surgery on quality of life, with a focus on social support and resilience. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at the Ckosmic Surgical Center in Moga, India, from June 01, 2022, to July 30, 2023. It included sixty participants who underwent pre- and post-assessments, comprising demographic data and psychological surveys. The inclusion criteria for this study were patients who had undergone bariatric surgery, had a BMI over 40 Kg/m2 or BMI over 35 kg/m2 , were obese, and were aged between 18-65 years. By utilising the World Health Organisation (WHO) quality of life survey, this study compared pre and post-surgery results. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) analysis was employed to provide a more comprehensive evaluation of the results derived from complex datasets. Results: The results indicated significant improvements in quality of life and resilience following surgery, with a p-value of 0.01. However, social support remained stable, with no significant changes in scores. These findings contribute to the evidence supporting the benefits of bariatric surgery in treating morbid obesity. Conclusion: Bariatric surgery can enhance social support and resilience among obese patients. Therefore, the utilisation of surgeries such as One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB), Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB), and Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) can offer substantial benefits in terms of both health outcomes and social support or resilience.
Evaluation of GATA3 and p53 Expression in Urothelial Carcinoma and their Association with Clinicopathological Parameters: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Agarwal Anjali , Nayak Goutami Das , Senapati Urmila , Jagdev Jagat Ballav , Raman Sarojini
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Bladder cancer is the tenth most common cancer worldwide, with 90% of bladder cancers are Urothelial Carcinoma (UC). In India, its incidence is 1.6 per lakh population annually. GATA3 is a recently used immunohistochemical marker which is highly sensitive for UC. Alterations in the p53 pathway play an important role in tumour progression and the assessment of prognosis. Aim: To study the expression of GATA3 and p53 in UC and their association with clinicopathological parameters. Materials and Methods: An ambispective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, from September 2020 to August 2022. A total of 50 cases of histologically proven UC were subjected to immunohistochemistry with GATA3 and p53. The expression of GATA3 and p53 was evaluated in UC, and their association with clinicopathological parameters like age, gender, personal habits, tumour site, symptoms and signs, histological grade, and invasion into lamina propria and muscle was studied. The Chi-square test was used to determine the relationship between all parameters, with a p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant. Results were analysed by standard software (Stata version 23.1). Results: GATA3 expression was observed in 94% (47/50) of cases of UC. GATA3 expression was associated with histological grade and muscle invasion, with 66.7% (4/6) expression in high-grade muscle-invasive UC, compared to 91.30% (21/23) in non muscle invasive UC, and 100% (21/21) in low-grade UC. Additionally, 66.7% (14/21) of low-grade UC showed p53 expression, whereas 80% (24/30) of high-grade UC demonstrated p53 expression. Conclusion: GATA3 is a sensitive and specific marker for UC. Its expression is highly variable among different histological types of UC and decreases with increasing grade of tumour in the study. p53 expression was associated with the histological grade of the tumour and was statistically significant in this study. GATA3 can be utilised to predict the probable grade of the tumour and its behaviour by correlating it with p53.
A Case Report on Theruptor Novo: An Antimicrobial Dressing in the Management of Venous Leg Ulcer
Authors: Kale Subhash M
Published: September 2024

Venous Leg Ulcer (VLU) is defined as any break in the skin that has either been present for longer than six weeks or occurs in a person with a history of VLU. VLUs are intricate and life-threatening ulcerations that result in significant expenses for health services. Compression therapy is the most preferable treatment choice for VLU. Beneath the compression devices (bandages or stockings), wound dressings are used as the primary layer to protect the wound and provide a moist environment to aid ulcer healing. Healthcare professionals face difficulty in making evidence-based decisions regarding the most appropriate treatment plan for a patient with varying needs due to the vast range of wound dressings. Hereby, the author presents a case study of a 53-year-old male patient with a non healing wound with pus discharge for 20 days over the lower limb. Skin stapler (Trupler) Novo (Healthium Medtech, India) was used as the regular primary dressing along with planned treatment. By the end of three weeks, the wound size had reduced with a low exudate level, there was no sign of infection, and there was good granulation tissue growth.
Role of Atorvastatin in the Development and Progression of Glucose Intolerance in Albino Rabbits: An In-vivo Experimental Study
Authors: Parida Sansita , Swain Trupti Rekha , Mohapatra Sabita
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is associated with obesity and dyslipidemia, which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved indications for statins are being broadened due to their lipid-lowering and pleiotropic effects; statins are currently among the most widely used drugs in patients with and without diabetes. Aim: To evaluate the role of atorvastatin at different doses in the development and progression of glucose intolerance or diabetes in albino rabbits. Materials and Methods: An in-vivo experimental study on rabbits was conducted over a total duration of eight months in the Department of Pharmacology at SCB Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, India. The animals were divided into five groups of six rabbits each. Atorvastatin at 4 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg was calculated based on human doses corresponding to 80 mg and 40 mg, respectively. Both doses were administered to non diabetic rabbits, and 4 mg/kg atorvastatin was administered to alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits orally for six months daily. Diabetes was induced in two groups of rabbits by administering 100 mg/kg alloxan monohydrate in a 5% (w/v) solution in sterile saline intravenously. Rabbits with stabilised moderate diabetes, characterised by a fasting blood glucose level above 200 mg/ dL (at least one month after alloxan injection), were used for the experiments. The effect of atorvastatin on glucose tolerance was assessed by determining Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) and Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. The results were compared with those of normal and diabetic control rabbits and statistically analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Repeated Measures ANOVA (RMANOVA), followed by appropriate post-hoc analysis. Results: Atorvastatin at a high dose resulted in a 26.74% increase in FBS and a 20.50% increase in HbA1c; at the standard dose, it produced a 21.3% increase in FBS and a 17.99% increase in HbA1c, respectively. The diabetic group receiving high doses also showed a significant increase in FBS (11.7%) and HbA1c (10.25%). The increase in blood glucose parameters was significant in the high-dose group from the fourth month of statin therapy and in the standard-dose group at six months of therapy. Conclusion: The study revealed that atorvastatin at both doses significantly contributed to the initiation and progression of glucose intolerance in diabetic and non diabetic rabbits.
Safety and Efficacy of Bacillus coagulans SNZ 1969® Probiotic Supplementation in Reducing Infections in Malnourished Children: A Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study
Authors: Fernandes MJ , Daswani BR , Kinikar AA , Soman RJ
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Malnutrition, a significant global health challenge, increases children’s susceptibility to infections due to compromised immunity and altered gut microbiota. While probiotics have shown potential in improving gut health and immune responses, their efficacy in malnourished children, particularly those using Bacillus coagulans strains, remains understudied. Aim: To investigate the safety and efficacy of Bacillus coagulans SNZ 1969® among malnourished children aged between one and five years. Materials and Methods: A randomised, double-blind, placebocontrolled study was conducted at Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College (BJGMC) and Sassoon Hospitals in Pune, Maharashtra, India among paediatric patients in the outpatient setting, after obtaining ethics committee clearance. Malnourished (moderately underweight) children were randomly allocated to either the probiotic group (B. coagulans SNZ 1969®) or the placebo group receiving the respective treatment for a duration of three months. Total days of illness, as well as the incidence of Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) and Respiratory Tract Infections (RTIs), were assessed. Results: Out of 82 enrolled children, 46 (24 in the probiotic group and 22 in the placebo group) completed the full three-month study. A significant reduction in the total days of illness was observed in the probiotic group (p-value=0.009). Additionally, the probiotic group exhibited a slightly lower frequency of GIT and RTI episodes compared to the placebo group (1.32 vs. 1.48, p-value=0.077). A trend towards fewer days with respiratory symptoms in the probiotic group was noted compared to the placebo group (6.12±2.19 vs. 7.56±3.65; p-value=0.0687), along with a non significant decline in the occurrence of RTIs at the 31-60 and 61-90 day periods. Similar declining trends were observed for the occurrence of GI infections and total days with GI symptoms between the two groups (0.24±0.88 vs. 0.53±1.2; p-value=0.4593). B. coagulans SNZ 1969® treatment was welltolerated, and no severe adverse events were reported. Conclusion: The study demonstrated a significant reduction in the total days of illness with B. coagulans SNZ 1969® treatment compared to placebo. Additionally, B. coagulans SNZ 1969® treatment was found to be associated with a non significant decrease in the occurrence of GI and RTIs, as well as a relatively shorter duration of infection among malnourished children under five years of age.
Netarsudil Associated Limbal Follicles: A Case Report
Authors: Thakur Rinky , Mohan Lalit , Sinha Bibhuti Prassan
Published: September 2024

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. Netarsudil, a Rho-kinase inhibitor and norepinephrine transporter, has recently been approved for reducing intraocular pressure (IOP), which is the single most clinically modifiable risk factor for this condition. Here, a case of a 53-year-old female with POAG who developed follicles along the corneal limbus following treatment with Netarsudil eye drops has been reported. The patient had been non-compliant with her POAG treatment for the past five years and presented with diminished vision (right eye greater than left) and raised IOP of 28 mmHg and 26 mmHg in the right and left eyes, respectively. The patient was started on Netarsudil (0.02%) eye drops once daily. After three weeks, the IOP had reduced to 19 mmHg and 18 mmHg in the right and left eyes, respectively; however, the patient still complained of itching and redness. A slit-lamp examination showed few follicular lesions on the limbus. Initial treatment for allergic conjunctivitis was ineffective, leading to a worsening of symptoms. Netarsudil was then discontinued, and dorzolamide was initiated instead, resulting in the resolution of symptoms within one week. The patient continued on dorzolamide without further issues. While Netarsudil is effective in reducing IOP, many of its potential adverse effects may still be unknown due to limited clinical experience. The present case report aims to contribute to the understanding of the safety profile of this drug. More such reports in the future will enhance this knowledge and help clinicians manage similar adverse situations.
Unravelling the Histomorphological Features of Kidney: An Autopsy-based Study
Authors: Shah Vinaya B , Deokar Madhavi S , Janjal Sneha P
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Renal failure and End-stage Renal Disease (ESRD) are one of the leading causes of mortality. The presence of co-morbidities like Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Hypertension (HT), pregnancy, liver diseases, and various infections accelerates renal failure. Understanding the pathophysiology of Acute Renal Failure (ARF) is necessary to interpret and correlate the spectrum of morphologic changes associated with it. Aim: To study the aetiopathological causes of renal failure and evaluate the histopathological features associated with them. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional autopsy-based study was performed in the Department of Pathology, Topiwala National Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India over three consecutive years. A total of 650 adult autopsies were studied. Clinical and laboratory details were obtained from hospital records. Gross and histopathological examinations were performed with a special focus on the kidneys. Special stains were performed wherever required to highlight any characteristic features. Results: It was found that males (n=460) were more affected than females (n=190). The age range was 13-90 years. The majority of autopsies were performed within 24 hours of hospital stay. Acute febrile illness was found to be the most common cause of ARF. Maximum number of cases were from medical units (n=520, 80%), followed by surgical (n=94, 14.5%) and gynaecological units (n=36, 5.5%). Features of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) were seen in (n=374) 57.6% of cases, while Advanced Renal Disease (ARD) was noted in 10.9% of cases. Incidental findings at autopsy included two cases of renal cortical adenoma, one case each of renal cell carcinoma and medullary fibroma. Conclusion: Acute febrile illness does not just a reflect ion of co-existent pathologies but also directly contributes to mortality, possibly due to the risk of non renal complications like bleeding and sepsis. In the present study, the majority of cases were from medical units, in a young age group with a male predominance. Maximum cases had a short hospital stay. Several characteristic histopathological features in the kidney were identified in different clinical settings, aiding in pinpointing the cause of death. Autopsy findings of the kidney are indeed a treasure untouched and needs to be explored and warrants meticulous investigation.
Assessing the Effects of Drought on Livestock Farming Livelihoods in Western Odisha: A Study of Drought and Non Drought Years
Authors: Swain Devi Prasanna , Goswami Arunasis , Das Bhabesh Chandra , Sant Suman , Singh Birendra Pratap , Govil Kumar
Published: September 2024

The irregular climatic variation, which is causing drought, flood, cyclone, etc., across the globe is increasingly affecting the livestock rearing leading to great distress to livestock farmers financially, socially and economically during the above periods [1,2]. Drought is a recurring phenomenon in Western Odisha, posing significant threats to the livelihoods of livestock farmers.  This study investigates the effects of drought on the livelihoods of livestock farmers in the region, exploring the socio-economic and environmental implications. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions with 72 livestock farmers. Results show that drought leads to reduced livestock productivity, decreased income, and diminished food security. Farmers' coping strategies, such as distress sales of assets and migration, exacerbate their vulnerability. The study highlights the need for drought-specific livestock management practices, improved access to credit and insurance, and enhanced extension services to support climate-resilient livelihoods. The study further revealed that animal rearing in the drought affected areas provides a sense of food security, social status and ability to meet the expenses in social rituals. By understanding the impact of drought on livestock farmers' livelihoods, this research aims to inform targeted interventions to enhance their resilience and adaptive capacity. Therefore, the Government of Odisha may initiate serious efforts to promote animal husbandry activities in these districts to support the farmers to negate the adverse impact of drought and to check the distress migration from these districts during the drought period. Policy recommendations include integrating livestock support into drought relief programs and promoting water harvesting and conservation practices.
Molecular Characterization of Native Isolates of Metarhizium rileyi (Farlow) Samson (Ascomycetes: Hypocreales) from Major Cropping Ecosystems of Northeastern Karnataka, India
Authors: M Mamatha , Hosamani Arunkumar , S G Hanchinal , Ghante Vijaykumar N. , D S Aswathanarayana , Bhuvaneshwari  , G. Prashanth
Published: September 2024

Aims: In India, commercial biopesticides have been recommended against different insect pests on different crops, but their application has shown only a reduced efficiency attributed to differences in susceptibility of target insect pests or non-adaptability to Indian agro-climatic conditions. Therefore, there is a need to isolate region-specific biopesticide strains to enhance the efficacy of such biopesticides for pest management. The current study aimed to explore the new isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium rileyi (Farlow) Samson species across the major cropping ecosystems of kalyana Karnataka. M. rileyi is an important entomopathogenic fungus of more than 30 species of Lepidoptera larvae. The aim of this research was to characterize the isolate of M. rileyi from Northeastern Karnataka by using morphological and molecular approaches.
Methodology: The fungus was isolated from the naturally infected cadavers collected from different cropping ecosystems and it was cultured on Sabouraud’s Maltose Yeast Extract Agar (SMAY) media for morphological characterization, SMY media used for molecular characterization. The vegetative hyphae of fungi were 2-3 µm in diameter and hyaline, septate. The conidia ellipsoidal, smooth, and pale green were observed under the optical microscope. The DNA was isolated using the CTAB method and an internal transcribed spacer (ITS1, ITS4) was used as the primers for the amplification. The amplified products of 650 bp were purified and sequenced at ClustaL W in both directions using the above primers. A consensus sequence was obtained by alignment of the forward and reverse sequences for this region and deposited in GenBank (UASRBC Mr-24, UASRBC Mr-3, UASRBC Mr-20, UASRBC Mr-29, UASRBC Mr-7, UASRBC Mr-18).
Result: A BLAST search of the sequence in GenBank revealed a 50-100 percent identity with several strains of M. rileyi (Eg. JQ686668, MN907775 and KJ725726 etc.,).
Conclusion: The phylogenetic relationship was derived from comparisons of the ITS gene sequences and a Dendrogram was constructed. The homology and variations based on amino acid sequences among the isolates showed 71 per cent (OK184897) and 51 per cent similarity with four isolates (OK184899, OK177835, OK178862 and OK184898).
Biochar Production from Plant Residues: A Sustainable Approach for Carbon Sequestration and Soil Fertility Improvement
Authors: Kaushik Anna , Priyadharshini P. , Manimegalai S. , Palaniselvam V. , Parthiban K. T.
Published: September 2024

This review article explores the sustainable practice of producing biochar from plant residues, effectively transforming green waste into a valuable resource commonly referred to as “green gold”. It discussed mainly on the pyrolysis process of biochar production, and the impact of different pyrolysis methods on the resulting biochar's properties, including surface area, porosity, and nutrient holding capacity. Further, the review analyzes the multifaceted benefits of biochar for soil health and plant growth. It highlights how biochar can improve soil structure, increase water retention, and enhance nutrient availability, leading to healthier and more productive agricultural lands. Additionally, the review explores biochar's potential in influencing the soil microbial community, potentially promoting beneficial organisms and suppressing harmful pathogens. It also explores biochar's role in mitigating climate change by capturing and storing atmospheric carbon, effectively reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, a balanced perspective is maintained by acknowledging potential drawbacks associated with biochar use, such as the need for further research to optimize production methods and potential negative impacts on certain soil fauna. This review highlights biochar's promise as a sustainable, cost-effective solution for agriculture and environmental issues. Biochar adoption can lead to a greener future through carbon capture, soil health, and waste management.
Impact of Muga Silkworm Culture in Augmenting Rural Income of Assam, India
Authors: Konwar Juri , Borthakur Mridul Kumar , Goswami Jublee
Published: September 2024

Mugaculture is traditionally practiced by the rural population of Assam. Rearing of Muga silk worm is done by most of the villagers belonging to various districts of Assam as an additional source of income. Envisaging the prospects of Muga industry in Assam, the present work tries to study the role of Mugaculture to alleviate rural poverty. The present study was carried out in Dhemaji district of Assam during 2020 to 2022. The study focuses to examine the different aspects of Muga culture and its significance for the livelihood of local people. The parameters identified for analysis included the nature of Mugaculture practices in the study area, the contribution of Mugaculture to rural households and the economic prospects of Mugaculture. The present study finds that income from Mugaculture practices contributes significantly to the total income of the people. The Mugaculture practice in the study area is found to be an avocation that people engage in between other farming activities and people use traditional methods of Mugaculture. Income is generated through selling of cocoon, pupae and muga silk threads. Moreover, a cost-benefit ratio analysis conducted indicates that Mugaculture is a profitable venture of the people.
The Role of Commercial Bank Loans in Enhancing Financial Performance of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania
Authors: Chrisostom Noelina , Naho Alexis , Mwonge Lazaro Athanas
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study investigates the role of commercial bank loans on the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania. It examines how commercial bank loans affect SME financial performance, providing a comprehensive understanding of how financial support from banks influences SME growth and sustainability.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The study adopted a quantitative approach. It utilized cross-section data collected from a sample of 92 SMEs in Morogoro municipality. The collected data were descriptively analyzed using SPSS version 25. This analysis aimed to evaluate loan accessibility, determinants of loan choice, and the effect of commercial bank loans on key financial metrics such as profitability, cash flow management, and business growth.
Findings: The study reveals that although many SMEs perceive commercial bank loans as easily accessible, others encounter significant barriers, including high interest rates and stringent collateral requirements. The study also reveals that commercial bank loans have mixed effects on SME performance. While they positively impact revenue generation and asset growth, their effects on profitability and business expansion are inconsistent.
Originality/Value: This study contributes to the existing literature by providing nuanced insights into the role of commercial bank loans in SME performance within a Tanzanian context. It highlights the challenges SMEs face in accessing financial support and the varying impact of bank loans on their financial outcomes. The study findings are relevant for both policymakers and financial institutions aiming to improve loan accessibility and support SME development.
Policy Implications: The study suggests several policy implications, including the need for banks to simplify loan application processes, offer more flexible loan products and address high interest rates that hinder SMEs access to finance. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of building strong relationships between SMEs and financial institutions and leveraging financial advisory services to enhance loan utilization and overall business performance.
Comparative Analysis of Water Quality Index (WQI) from Selected Water Bodies in Different Regions of Southeast Nigeria
Authors: E. Ibeaja, Adamma Chinyere , Chiagoziem Ugorji, Chinonso
Published: September 2024

This study was carried out to compare the water quality index of selected water bodies in Okigwe, Imo State, Nigeria. Water samples were collected from two streams, Ihiku and Iyiechu (upstream and downstream) and the experimental research was used for this study. Several physico-chemical characteristics were analyzed in line with W.H.O, USEPA, S.O.N. The results obtained from the physico- chemical parameters ranged as follows: air shade temperature (23.3-25.0), pH (5.7-6.8), Electrical conductivity (15.5-20.4), Total hardness (33-40.5), Alkalinity (55.5-70.8), Biological Oxygen Demand (2.6-5.0), Dissolved Oxygen (6.5-8.0), Sulphate (1.8-5.7), phosphate (5.2-7.0) and silica (0.66-0.78). The result showed that there were variations in the concentration as a result of anthropogenic activities of man. The water quality index was also checked and compared to standards. The Pearson’s Correlation Moment was performed at 0.01% level. The result showed that values obtained were statistically significant. However, adequate treatment facilities that purify sewage prior to discharge or disposal should be adopted.
Population Dynamics of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus.1758) from Khashm El-Girba Reservoir, Atbara River, Eastern Sudan
Authors: Abdalla Mutasim Yousif Mohamed , Shuaib Mujtaba El Khair , Alnaiem Obey , Hamid Abdalla Mustafa , Adam Ahmed El Bedawi
Published: September 2024

This study was conducted to assess the population parameters of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, in the Khashm El-Girba Dam Reservoir in Eastern Sudan. Fish samples were collected from December 2019 to November 2020. Length-frequency data were collected from 1,671 specimens ranging from 5.1 to 34.2 cm in total length (TL). Analysis of the population parameters was determined using the ELEFAN I routine and the FiSAT II software computer program revealed that the estimated the Von Bertalanffy growth parameters were as follows: asymptotic length (L∞ = 36.75 cm), growth rate (K = 0.650 year -1) and age at length zero (t0 = -0.629) and the growth performance index (Φ') was calculated at 2.943. The instantaneous total mortality (Z), natural mortality (M), and fishing mortality (F) rates were determined using the length-converted catch curve and empirical models. The values obtained were Z = 2.38 year -1, M = 1.22 year -1, and F = 1.16 year -1, respectively. The exploitation rate (E) of the Nile tilapia was calculated at 0.49 year -1. The size at first capture (Lc) was estimated at 15.64 cm, which is slightly greater than the size at first maturity (Lm = 14.5 cm) and longevity (Tmax) was found to be 4.62 years. These findings indicate that the stock of the Nile tilapia population in Khashm El-Girba reservoir is overexploited, and that monitoring and management practices need to be employed to maintain the stocks at the optimum exploitation level.
Evaluation of the Impact of a Fertilizer Mixture from Plant Extracts and Urea on Corn Yield in Vietnam
Authors: Khoi Nguyen Tuan
Published: September 2024

This study evaluates the impact of a fertilizer mixture combining plant extracts and urea on the growth and yield of NK54 maize in Vietnam. The experimental design included five treatments with different combinations of urea and plant extracts, compared against a control treatment. Growth parameters such as plant height, leaf number, leaf area, and leaf area index (LAI) were monitored throughout the growing season. The results indicated that the application of urea-coated plant extracts significantly improved growth duration, plant height, and leaf development compared to conventional urea fertilization. Specifically, treatments using the urea-plant extract mixture achieved higher plant heights and leaf area, with Treatment T3 (9 ml concentrated extract + 1 kg Urea) showing the highest theoretical and actual yields. The theoretical yield ranged from 63.62 to 68 q/ha, and the actual yield ranged from 43.7 to 48.4 q/ha, with Treatment T3 consistently outperforming others. The findings suggest that integrating plant extracts with urea can enhance maize growth and yield, highlighting the importance of optimizing fertilization strategies for improving crop productivity.
Knowledge, Perception and Awareness of Dog Related Zoonosis in Uyo Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: E. G. Adams , Akanimo Asuquo , B. E. Bassey
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The interaction of humans and animals especially dogs, has made zoonotic diseases remain a genuine threat to the health and survival of humans.
Aim: The study was aimed at assessing the level of knowledge and risk perception of dog owners regarding canine and their zoonotic potential in Uyo, Akwa, Ibom.
Methodology: Structured questionnaires were employed for the cross sectional study.
Result: A total of 200 respondents were employed for the study and all (100%) were aware that some animal diseases (zoonoses) are transmissible to humans, including those of dogs. A high level of awareness of 100% (200) was recorded for rabies and its route of transmission (bite) and 75% (157) for dermatophytosis while 96.5% (193) were ignorant on dog helminthic zoonosis. Some of the encountered factors that predisposed infectivity included: compromised sanitary conditions of the kennel (50%), inappropriate disposal of dog feces (51.5%), poor veterinary attention (58%), and feeding of dogs with both raw animal products and household leftovers (53%).
Conclusion: This revealed a high potential of zoonotic infectivity among the human population in the area, mostly on zoonotic helminth infections, as they were misperceived. Therefore, there is a need for increased awareness, strategy formulation, and implementation toward the control and eradication of zoonotic diseases.