bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Through the Synergetic Union of Linguistics and Other Sciences - to New Challenges and Directions
Authors: Maslova Valentina A.
Published: October 2021

In recent decades linguistics is less interested in the structure of language and the systemic relationships between its units, which are generally well described. At the turn of the century, we observe sharply increased interest in the problems of the relationship between language, consciousness, culture, mentality, national character and behavior. The language itself is understood as a mirror (though a crooked one) of reality, of a person, of his external and internal world. Such a broad approach supposes the impossibility of solving emerging problems as part of linguistics only; it needs the help of a whole range of related sciences about man - from psychology, anthropology, sociology, cultural studies to biology, neurosciences and quantum mechanics. Thus, we can see the interest in the integration of sciences. The purpose of this article is to conceptualize theoretically this new phenomenon and to show that modern linguistics must meet the requirements of the time and therefore it should be interdisciplinary and integrative; we tried to establish the relationship between tradition and new ideas in linguistics of the third millennium and showed that the problems arising in the language can be solved by the joint efforts of representatives of a number of sciences. The results obtained in this article allow us to put forward the issues that demand, in our view, immediate attention and show the importance of combining an objective linguistic analysis and the results of their research in semiotics, theology, psychology. These are such phenomena as 1) deep semantic processes; 2) language is a means of expressing Divine Truth; 3) language and national character. The obtained integrative knowledge can reveal non-causal relationships in the world, discover deeper laws of being, for example, the fact that consciousness is not rigidly connected with language, therefore it can hardly be researched by an associative experiment, although psycholinguists have long hoped for this. Physicist John Wheeler, taking into account experiments in quantum physics, proved that even if we just look at an object, it is changing under the influence of the gaze. How much stronger is the influence of a word? This is to be inquired in the near future as the part of an integrative approach.
«Health - disease» Conceptual Sphere: Cultural Code
Authors: Markelova Tatyana V. , Novikova Marina L.
Published: October 2021

The research is focused on the conceptual, figurative and value features of health - disease concepts due to their permanently growing importance, reflected in the language mindset. These processes are caused by various trends leading to the increasing danger to human health: epidemics, human-induced disasters, environment pollution. Due to the relevance of the issues, the authors aim to analyse the health - disease conceptual sphere as a strategy to changehuman mentality and the attitude to health as a norm and a value as well as to disease as a deviation from normal life, which implies observation of values and image characteristics of concepts, revealing and describing the cultural semantics of signs. The research is designed according to the original perceptive image that every concept is based on. This image represents a vector basis in a configuration of meanings inherent in the whole conceptual sphere. The analysis of the conceptual sphere using the corpus analysis tools allowed the authors comes to the conclusion that they vary and differ within cultural functionality determined by the conceptual characteristics. Actualization of a negative or positive attitude to health and disease caused by internal and external factors reveals the dominance of the signs motivated by the external events, such as the formation of the new human health-oriented mentality and the creation of a specified conceptual sphere. The description of ambivalent concepts provided in the axiological perspective provides an opportunity to learn more about complicated conceptual spheres and explore linguistic experience objectivation, experienced knowledge quantum as well as social and group specifics in the health - disease conceptual sphere.
SELF-LEARNING OF DELTA ROBOT USING INVERSE KINEMATICS AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Iklima Zendi , Muthahhar Muhammad Imam , Khan Asif , Zody Arifiansyah
Published: October 2021

As known as Parallel-Link Robot, Delta Robot is a kind of Manipulator Robot that consists of three arms mounted in parallel. Delta Robot has a central joint constructed as an end-effector represented as a gripper. An Analysis of Inverse Kinematic (IK) used to convert the end-effector trajectory (X, Y) into rotations of stepper motors (ZA, ZB and ZC). The proposed method used Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to simplify the process of IK solver. The IK solver generated the datasets contain motion data of the Delta robot. There are 11 KB Datasets consist of 200 motion data used to be trained. The proposed method was trained in 58.78 seconds in 5000 iterations. Using a learning rate (α) 0.05 and produced the average accuracy was 97.48%, and the average loss was 0.43%. The proposed method was also tested to transfer motion data over Socket.IO with 115.58B in 6.68ms.
STUDY ON URBAN RESIDUAL SPACE AS SOLUTIONS REVIEW FOR AREA PROBLEMS
Authors: Ayudya Diana , Anggiani Mona
Published: October 2021

In cities, spaces were intentionally formed, planned, or unintentionally unplanned. Unlike planned spaces, unplanned spaces in urban areas eventually tend to cause problems for the area. These spaces were referred to as residual spaces, which were generally vacant land or open space in various urban spaces. Urban residual space was also commonly found in tertiary activity centers in big cities like Jakarta, one of which was in the trade and service area of the city. Residual space in such areas grew and developed due to dense activity within the area, resulting building density, irregularity in some spatial use and environmental degradation. Due such conditions, several questions are significant to be raised.  What are the typology, utilization, and its impacts on the area? Did it only cause a problem, or could it be a solution to problems within the area? This study aimed to examine the typology of residual space based on the shape, location, utilization, and impact of trade and service activities in South Jakarta, Kebayoran Lama area. The proposed approach used was a qualitative study of the residual spaces in predetermined trade and commercial areas. The study results of the physical, spatial, visual, and social conditions of urban residual space were explained descriptively to get a picture of the characteristics of the form, location, utilization, and impact on the area.
DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC DISCHARGE MACHINING (EDM) USING SOLENOID ACTUATOR FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE
Authors: Saptaji Kushendarsyah , Sholeh Arnaz Asa , Priyandoko Gigih , Hadisujoto Ignatius Budi
Published: October 2021

The increasing number of materials with variation in properties, especially hard-to-cut, leads to the need for an advanced machining method to process such material. Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) is one of the advanced machining methods widely used for hard-to-cut alloys. The EDM process uses an electrode as the conductor of electrical current to erode the metal alloys and is supported by other components. Due to EDM's high cost and high energy consumption, developing a low-cost EDM and simpler EDM setup is necessary, especially for educational purposes in laboratory activity. However, the EDM design and setup required to produce the desired “spark” have always been a challenge for researchers and manufacturers. In this research, a small-scale EDM setup was built. A solenoid actuator is used to generate simple mechanical movement. The movement is used to control the gap between the workpiece and the electrode to produce a spark. The solenoid actuator is used because of its low cost and simple mechanism. The proposed EDM setup is successfully fabricated and works appropriately by generating sparks and a hole cavity during the process. There are six cavity holes produced in mild steel workpiece during the experiments with various parameters such as current (5A, 7A, and 10A) and frequency (10 Hz and 20 Hz). The varied parameter shows that the higher current and lower frequency removed more materials. In contrast, the higher frequency produced a better quality of the cavity hole. However, the lack of flushing quality on the material debris during the process results in the formation of excess metals around the edge of the hole.
Correlates and Consequences of Delayed Marriage in Malaysia
Authors: Abdullah Abdul Shukur , Tey Nai Peng , Mahpul Irwan Nadzif , Azman Nur Airena Aireen , Abdul Hamid Rosdiana
Published: October 2021

This paper aims to examine the correlates of age at first marriage and the consequences of late marriage. Data for this paper were drawn from the 2014 Malaysian Population and Family Survey. Simple cross-tabulation and multiple classification analysis were used for the analysis. Age at marriage of women varied across socio-economic groups. Among the ethnic groups, the Other Bumiputera entered marriage earliest, followed by the Malays, Indians and Chinese. Age at marriage was positively associated with urbanisation, educational level, and women’s autonomy in marriage. The assumption of modern norms and ideas, and escalating cost of marriage are important determinants of marriage postponement. Late marriage has a direct impact on demographic outcomes, resulting in ultra-low fertility for some groups of the population. Marriage postponement has positive socio-economic outcomes for individuals. However, postponing marriage beyond the prime reproductive age may result in some reproductive health problems.
The Changing Spousal Differentials in Socio-demographic Characteristics in Malaysia
Authors: Tey Nai Peng
Published: October 2021

This paper uses matched couple data from the 1991, 2000, and 2010 population censuses to examine the changes in spousal differentials in age, education, and work status, as well as inter-ethnic and international marriages. The general trend is one of decreasing spousal age and educational gaps between 1991 and 2010. Although older-man younger-woman marriages still predominated, the spousal age gap decreased from 4.6 years to 3.9 years, and the proportion of marriages in which the husband was more than 6 years older than the wife declined from 30% to 24%. Educational homogamy (couples having the same educational level) rose from 53% to 64%, while the proportion of women marrying someone of higher education declined from 33% to 21%. Inter-ethnic marriage hovered around 4.2% throughout the study period, after rising from less than 1% in the 1980s. International marriages made up about 1.2% of all marriages in 2010, up from 0.8% in 1991. The labour force participation rate of married women had increased significantly, resulting in the rise of dual-income households. The changing spousal differentials in socio-demographic characteristics are bound to alter gender roles and relations that will impact Malaysia’s family institution and demographic outcomes.
HIV Care by Early-Career Family Physicians
Authors: Sonoda Kento , Morgan Zachary J. , Peterson Lars E.
Published: October 2021

Background and Objectives: Antiretroviral treatment has transformed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection into a chronic disease. Prior research demonstrated a discrepancy between preparation to provide HIV care and current provision among recent residency graduates. Our study aimed to describe characteristics related to preparedness and provision of HIV care, and to identify the associations between physician and practice characteristics with current provision of HIV care among those prepared.
Methods: We obtained data from the 2016 through 2019 American Board of Family Medicine (ABFM) National Family Medicine Graduate Survey. Our main outcome was self-reported provision of HIV care. Bivariate statistics compared differences in personal and practice characteristics with self-reported preparation for HIV care, then among those prepared, provision of HIV care. We used logistic regression to determine associations between HIV care, among those prepared, with practice and personal characteristics.
Results: The response rate was 68.7% and our final sample size was 6,740 respondents. Only 25% of respondents reported preparedness in residency, and 44% of them reported current provision. Among those prepared, female gender (OR=0.604; 95% CI, 0.494-0.739) was associated with lower odds of practicing HIV care. Those working in high HIV prevalence areas (OR=1.718; 95% CI, 1.259-2.344) and in Northeast census region (OR=1.557; 95% CI, 1.137-2.132) had higher odds of providing HIV care.
Conclusions: Fewer than half of those prepared in residency reported currently providing HIV care. Working in a high HIV prevalence area was associated with higher odds of providing HIV care, which suggests early-career family physicians are responding to community needs.
Resident Remediation in Family Medicine Residency Programs: A CERA Survey of Program Directors
Authors: Frazier Winfred , Wilson Stephen A. , D'Amico Frank , Bergus George R.
Published: October 2021

Background and Objectives: Identifying underperforming residents and helping them become fully competent physicians is an important faculty responsibility. The process to identify and remediate these learners varies greatly between programs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the remediation landscape in family medicine residency programs by investigating resident remediation characteristics, tools to improve the process, and remediation challenges.
Methods: This study analyzed responses from the Council of Academic Family Medicine Educational Research Alliance (CERA) national survey of family medicine program directors in 2017. Survey questions included topics on faculty remediation training, remediation prevalence, tools for remediation, and barriers to remediation.
Results: Two hundred sixty-seven of 503 program directors completed our survey (53% response rate). Most residency programs (245/264, 93%) had at least one resident undergoing remediation in the last 3 years. A majority (242/265, 91%) of residents undergoing remediation were successful within 12 months. The three most important tools to improve remediation were an accessible remediation toolkit (50%), formal remediation recommendations from national family medicine organizations (20%), and on-site faculty development and training (19%). The top-two challenges to the remediation process were a lack of documented evaluations to trigger remediation and a lack of faculty knowledge and skills with effective remediation strategies.
Conclusions: Residents needing remediation are common, but most were successfully remediated within 12 months. Program directors wanted access to a standardized toolkit to help guide the remediation process.
Is It Worth the Wait? Patient Perceptions of Wait Time at a Primary Care Clinic
Authors: Pockros Benjamin , Nowicki Samuel , Vincent Carole
Published: October 2021

Background and Objectives: A patient’s wait to see a provider before scheduled appointments may impact their experience at the primary care clinic. This survey study examined how long patients are willing to wait, where they prefer to wait, and whether punctual care in the clinic may be more prioritized than quality care.
Methods: We disseminated a survey in the waiting room of an urban adult primary care office to assess patient perceptions and evaluate the importance of punctuality. We completed subgroup analyses to examine any differences by age and gender in patient expectations and values.
Results: The survey was completed by 180 respondents (92% response rate). Patients report they can wait up to 20 minutes (95% CI 19.1-22.0) before seeing their provider. A subgroup analysis determined that age alone cannot be used as a screening tool to identify patients who require the most punctual care. Women expressed a more explicit preference for quality rather than punctuality compared to men (P=.0017).
Conclusions: Results suggest that patients are unwilling to forego quality care for punctuality alone. Our findings may help providers better understand patient perceptions of waiting at a primary care clinic.
Impactação dentária de caninos permanentes - consequências e relação com ortopedia funcional dos maxilares
Authors: Sanitá Sonia Fochi
Published: October 2021

Clinical experience and knowledge of normal growth and development of children, as well as radiographic studies of the dental eruption evolution, are important to supervise the maxillary permanent canine eruption. Clinical observations of signs and symptons such as digital palpation of the permanent canine bulges above the primary canine apex, on children of about nine years old, is a very important step for the diagnosis of ectopic eruption. Dentist may find more help with the early diagnosis, to avoid complications that are not so frequent to happen, but are still a burden such as traction and adjacent root tooth resorption.
Obstetric Capacity Strengthening in Ghana Results in Wide Geographic Distribution and Retention of Certified Obstetrician-Gynecologists: A Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Kekulawala Melani , Samba Ali , Braunschweig Yael , Plange-Rhule Jacob , Turpin Cornelius , Johnson Timothy , Anderson Frank
Published: October 2021

Objectives: Our primary objective to determine the cumulative retention
of Ob/Gyns since the inception of the program, to determine the
demographic and practice characteristics of all Ob/Gyns who have been
trained by the Ghana postgraduate Ob/Gyn programs, and to compare the
geographic distribution of Ob/Gyns throughout Ghana between 2010 when a
prior study was conducted and the current practice locations of all
graduates in 2017. Design: Cross-sectional, Quantitative Investigation
Setting: Fieldwork for this study was conducted in Ghana between June
21, 2017, and August 20, 2017. Methods: A roster of certified Ob/Gyns,
year certified, and email contact information was obtained from the
Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons, a roster of practice locations
was obtained from Ghana Medical Board. Main Outcome Measures: retention
of Ob/Gyns, geographic distribution of providers, fand comparisons
between 2010 and 2017 Results: Significant geographic spread and
increase in in-country medical programs have occurred over the
seven-year period. In recent years, the Ghana College of Physicians and
Surgeons surpassed that of the West African College of Surgeons.
Conclusion: Establishing an Ob/gyn training program with national
certification provides a cadre of certified Ob/Gyns that can be trained
and retained in low-income settings. Moreover, this allows for long term
commitment in multiple relevant sectors that may serve to establish a
comprehensive obstetric and gynecology capacity beyond urban centers.
Ectopic right coronary artery arising from the left sinus of Valsalva: a rare variant
Authors: Badri Mohamed , Qassem Nora , Mohammed Awadalkareem , Eljack Moh. , Ahmed Khabab Mohamed , Elmahi Osman , Omer Mohammed
Published: October 2021

Ectopic origin of the right coronary artery from the left sinus of
Valsalva is an extremely rare anomaly of coronary arterial morphology,
often incidentally discovered and clinically silent. We, hereunder,
experienced a case of ectopic origin of the right coronary artery from
the left sinus of Valsalva.
Community Based Prospective Study of Miscarriages in Context of Biomass Fuel Use by Tribal Women of Rural Remote Region
Authors: Chhabra Shakuntala , Rathod Vikas
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE Community based prospective study was carried out to know
about the occurrence of miscarriages in context of Biomass fuel use by
rural tribal, pregnant women. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis. SETTING
Villages and Dr. Sushila Nayar Hospital, Utavali, Melghat, Amravati
Maharashtra. POPULATION Study in 100 villages, all pregnancies included.
METHODS After approval of the institute’s ethics committee, study was
conducted in 100 villages. After base information, villages were divided
into 50 study, 50 controls, subdivided into 40 study villages with
advocacy for protection from ill effects of Biomass fuel, 40
non-advocacy controls and 10 study villages where in addition to
advocacy Chimneys were fixed on roofs of huts with no windows, for exit
of smoke and 10 controls where neither advocacy was done nor Chimneys
were fixed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Change in occurrence of miscarriage
with Biomass fuel use. RESULTS In 50 study villages, of 1005
pregnancies, 2.8% reported miscarriages and in 50 controls, of 1097
pregnancies 3.1% had miscarriage. Of 2700 pregnancies in 40 Advocacy
study villages 6.6%, of 40 controls of 2700 pregnancies, 10.5% had
miscarriages. In 10 villages with Advocacy as well as Chimneys, of 700
pregnancies, 2.4% had miscarriages in 10 controls, of 700 pregnancies
5.6% ended in miscarriages. In first year it could have been
underreporting. CONCLUSION In rural tribal women miscarriages were not
more than globally known, but Biomass fuel did affect occurrence of
miscarriages.
Large and acute symptomatic abdominal tumor in newborns: pitfalls, difficulties in management and surgical decision making.
Authors: Laconi Francesco , Bischoff Charline , Michelet Daphne , Loron Gauthier , Bednarek Nathalie , Poli-Merol Marie-Laurence , Pons Maguelonne , Boudaoud Nadia
Published: October 2021

Large and rapidly growing abdominal tumors endanger vital prognosis in
neonates. Sometimes, quickly worsening patients’ clinical conditions
demand surgical decision-making that cannot wait for precise
histological diagnosis. There is neither consensus nor rules to manage
these situations. We presented our experience with five patients and we
looked in the literature for the best possible management of such rare
disease. Laparostomy should be considered only as a safe-life procedure
and if the liver is affected by the tumor and a coagulopathy is present,
the prognosis is often compromised.
MMPL-Family Proteins in Bacteria, Protozoa, Fungi, Plants and Animals: A Bioinformatics and Structural Investigation
Authors: Oldfield Eric , Malwal Satish R.
Published: October 2021

Lipid transporters play an important role in most if not all organisms,
ranging from bacteria to humans. For example, in Mycobacterium
tuberculosis, the trehalose monomycolate transporter MmpL3 is involved
in cell wall biosynthesis, while in humans, cholesterol transporters are
involved in normal cell function as well as in disease. Here, using
structural and bioinformatics information, we propose that there are
proteins that also contain “MmpL3-like” (MMPL) transmembrane (TM)
domains in many protozoa, including Trypanosoma cruzi, as well as
in the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, where the fatty acid
transporter FarE has the same set of “active-site” residues as those
found in the mycobacterial MmpL3s, and in T. cruzi. We also show
that there are strong sequence and predicted structural similarities
between the TM proton-translocation domain seen in the X-ray structures
of mycobacterial MmpL3s and several human as well as fungal lipid
transporters, leading to the proposal that there are similar proteins in
apicomplexan parasites, and in plants. The animal, fungal, apicomplexan
and plant proteins have larger extra-membrane domains than are found in
the bacterial MmpL3, but they have a similar TM domain architecture,
with the introduction of a (catalytically essential)
Phe>His residue change, and a Ser/Thr H-bond network,
involved in H -transport. Overall, the results are of
interest since they show that MMPL-family proteins are present in
essentially all life-forms: archaea, bacteria, protozoa, fungi, plants
and animals and, where known, they are involved in “lipid”
(glycolipid, phospholipid, sphingolipid, fatty acid, cholesterol,
ergosterol) transport, powered by transmembrane molecular pumps having
similar structures.
Poliomyelitis-related deformities successfully treated with reconstructing and lengthening lower limb surgeries over a period of 5 years: Challenging approaches in a limited-resources country
Authors: Mansour Marah , Harmouch Khaled , Alsuliman Tamim , Zrek Abdulmouain
Published: October 2021

Poliomyelitis is a viral infection that may lead to paralysis or death.
Paralysis can lead to skeletal and joint deformities. Typical
manifestations include equinos cavus and tibial shortening. We report a
polio case presented with right equinus foot, clawing in the right great
toe, and shortening in the right tibia.
The impact of different tillage practices on soil stability and erosion in a red soil hilly region, China
Authors: Jin Huifang , Huang Shangshu , Shi Dong , Li Junkai , Li Jifu , Li Yanli , Zhu Hai
Published: October 2021

Tillage practices can change moisture content, nutrient retention and
soil properties and so affect crop growth and significantly influence
soil stability. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the
effects of tillage practices (conventional tillage, CT; soil compaction,
CM; subsoil tillage, ST; no tillage, NT; and subsoil tillage and soil
compaction, SCM) on soil stability in a hilly region of red soil in
China. The parameters of soil stability were soil aggregate stability
(SAS), wet aggregate stability (WAS), and soil mechanical stability
(SMS). These parameters are closely related to soil erodibility (SE).
The results indicated that SAS, WAS, SMS and SE varied significantly
across the five tillage methods. The aggregate stability indexes (ASI)
of CM (2.64) and CT (2.61) were greater than for other methods, which
indicates that CM increased the compactness of soil particles and that
the soil structure for NT was relatively stable and less disturbed than
for other methods. NT and CM significantly increased soil shear strength
(SS) and soil compactness (SC) compared to other methods. NT
significantly increased soil resistance to erosion compared to other
methods, with K factor = 0.26. NT (ASI = 0.43) had the greatest soil
stability and resistance to erosion (SSE), followed by SCM (ASI = 0.41),
for which ASI can potentially be increased. The results provide
reference parameter values for selecting a suitable tillage method to
reduce soil erosion and improve soil productivity in red soil sloping
farmland.
Evaluating performance of soil water movement and groundwater recharge in an irrigated agricultural area of Yinchuan Plain, China
Authors: Yang Lihu , Song XF
Published: October 2021

Surface irrigation has been predominantly used for field crops in
agriculture area to boost agricultural yields and outputs, however, this
may also raise groundwater tables, salinize soils and reduce water
quality due to poor irrigation management. Therefore, it is essential
for requiring a better understanding of the hydrologic mechanisms
related to soil water fluxes (e.g., evaporation, transpiration,
infiltration, deep percolation and groundwater capillary rise) by
surface irrigation. This study investigated the impact of surface
irrigation on soil water movement and recharge to groundwater in the
Yellow River irrigation area of Yinchuan Plain, China. Combining
comprehensive filed observation and stable isotopic techniques, we
described the soil water mechanism under two land covers (bare ground or
maize) in 2019 and 2020. The soil depths affected by precipitation
infiltration and evaporation were mainly 0-50 cm, while the soil
influenced by irrigation was the entire profile in the mode of piston
flow. According to soil water potential variation from 70 to 100 cm, we
conclude that the maize root took up the soil water up to the depth of
100 cm during the tasseling period. The infiltration and capillary rise
in 2020 were similar with those in 2019. However, the total deep
percolation was 156.6 mm in 2020 which was smaller than that in 2019
because of the maize root water uptake. The leakage of ditch was the
major recharge resource of groundwater for the fast water table rise.
This study is critical for agricultural water management to improve
irrigation efficiency and water use efficiency in arid regions.
On degenerate Kirchhoff-type problems with unbounded initial data
Authors: Clark Haroldo , Guardia Ronald
Published: October 2021

This paper deals with the existence, uniqueness and stability uniform of
nonlocal solutions for initial-boundary value problems of the Kirchhoff
type. The main purpose is to establish the exis- tence of at least one
nonlocal solutions for degenerate Kirchhoff-type problems with initial
data in the Sobolev spaces and without any restrictions on the size of
their norms.
Coyote (Canis latrans) predation of colonial rodents facilitated by Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos)
Authors: Jung Thomas S.
Published: October 2021

Interactions between Coyote (Canis latrans) and Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) are complex and likely not yet fully documented or understood. I observed a Coyote prey on a Black-tailed Prairie Dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) at the edge of a large colony in Grasslands National Park, Saskatchewan. The prairie dogs were vigilant toward three Golden Eagles circling above, and the Coyote apparently used this to its advantage. As such, the eagles appeared to facilitate the ability of the Coyote to rush in virtually undetected and prey on a prairie dog that was distracted by the avian predators. This observation is of scientific interest because it is another example of the varied interactions between Coyotes and Golden Eagles, which is competitive and includes kleptoparasitism.
Vocal repertoire, harmonic structure, and behavioural context in Red-throated Loon (Gavia stellata)
Authors: Douglas Sheila D. , Reimchen Thomas E.
Published: October 2021

Among the five loon species (Gaviidae), Red-throated Loon (Gavia stellata) is the oldest lineage and is the most divergent in morphology and vocalizations. We substantially expand earlier description of calls for a nesting pair and non-breeding birds on Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, Canada. Three major calls used by the nesting pair (Quack, Wail, Plesiosaur) were all low frequency (700–3000 Hz) with multiple harmonics, calls that were also used by non-breeding birds without territories that overnight on freshwater lakes. Call duetting in the Wail and Plesiosaur, as well as sexually dimorphic frequencies and structure within the duets, typically occur in territorial display or pair interactions. The nesting pair used several calls audible only at short distances (Coo, Extended Coo, Staccato, Soft Raack) that were low frequency (200–1200 Hz), graded in behavioural intensity and that resulted in chick responses, including feeding or return to nest. A high amplitude Loud Raack was used by the female and is associated with flight incentives for pre-fledged chicks. Vocalizations of chicks, usually feeding solicitations to the adults, develop from simple chirps in the first week following hatch to more complex calls resembling the Wail and the Plesiosaur calls just prior to fledging. Although the majority of our acoustical descriptions are limited to a single nesting pair where sexes could be differentiated, these represent the first quantification of sound frequency, harmonic structure, and duration, most often associated with context-specific responses, and are suggestive of syntactical content to the vocal repertoire of this basal taxon.
Effect of condensate flow rate, surface tension, density and vapor velocity on condensate retention of wire wrapped tubes
Authors: Imdad Aaqib , Ali Hassan , Farooq Haroon , Ali Hafiz
Published: October 2021

Simulated condensation has been conducted on three wire wrapped tubes having same root diameter but different fin spacing of 1.5 mm, 2 mm, and 2.5 mm. Different fluids (ethanol, ethylene-glycol, and water) are used for condensation by providing them to the tubes through tiny holes in inter-fin spacing on the top of the surface of tubes. The major parameters are to be controlled in this research are fin spacing, vapor velocity, condensate flow rate and ratio of surface tension density of the fluid. Obtained results show that flooding angle (calculated from the top of the tube to the level where fluid fills the fin) rises by increasing fin spacing. Also, retention angles increase by reducing ratio of surface tension density of fluid. Acute flooding angles at zero air velocity and zero flow rate, elevates by increasing air velocity. However, obtuse flooding angles at static conditions drop by reducing air velocity. An interesting result is obtained regarding retention angle which remains almost even for the higher condensation flow rates until the tube gets inundated with condensation. Moreover, critical flow rates for all the tubes against using different working fluids are measured. Results obtained for static conditions have good correspondence with already available authentic data for flooding angle. Pictures showing condensate retention angles have been included in this paper.
Thermo elasto-plastic contact analyzis for high temperature applications
Authors: Danouni Samir , Zamree Abd , Abdellah El-Hadj , Mat Saad
Published: October 2021

This study presents the development of a thermo-mechanical simulation model for an elastic-plastic contact problem between a half cylinder and a plane plate. The set of equations was solved using direct coupling method by ANSYS mechanical. The results obtained from the present numerical model of the structural contact without heat transfer are compared with those of analytical, experimental and other numerical models. Then, the contact problem was solved using a coupled thermo-mechanical model. Computational results showed significant effects of thermal consideration in the elastic-plastic contact problem. Large deformations of structure due to high temperature are predicted using the thermo-mechanical model with elastic-plastic deformations. This model is useful to predict deformations on the structural components due to contact at high temperature situation.
Global warming potential of building constructions based on heat and moisture transport analysis
Authors: Nagy Balazs , Marosvolgyi Martin , Szalay Zsuzsa
Published: October 2021

Global warming potential is one of the most important life cycle assessment indicator, which shows how much heat a greenhouse gas traps in the atmosphere relative to CO2. In this study, we calculated the global warming potential of a highly insulated building construction detail of a residential nearly-zero energy building based on numerical simulations. To calculate the heat loss of building constructions, which is necessary for estimating the operational energy demand in the use phase of the building, we compared two numerical simulation methods: 2-D thermal simulations and 2-D conjugated heat and moisture transfer simula?tions. Besides that, we compared the effect of selecting different thermal insulation materials for insulating the building constructions, such as EPS, mineral wool, and wood wool. We then compared the thermal and linear thermal transmittances from the simulations besides evaluating the moisture transmittance behaviour of the constructions. In all examined scenarios, the constructions with mineral wool ended up being the highest impact alternative, while EPS was the lowest for walls and wood wool was for wall corner joints. We also found that including the wall corner joints in global warming potential calculations could increase the overall global warming potential of an average-sized family house by 10%. Our study shows the heat and moisture transfer induced differences between thermal insulations, and demonstrates that heat and moisture transfer modelling-based life cycle assessment indicator of building construction details gives valuable additional information designers to choose the proper thermal insulation.
High resolution simulation of film cooling with blowing ratio and inclination angle effects based on hybrid thermal lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Shangguan Yanqin , Wang Xian , Cao Fei , Zhu Yandan
Published: October 2021

A series of high resolution simulations on film cooling with varying blowing ratios and inclination angles are carried out by using in-house code based on hybrid thermal lattice Boltzmann method. Three blowing ratios ranging from 0.2-0.8 and four inclination angles from 15? to 60? are chosen for the simulations. The evolutionary mechanism of coherent structure in three domains of film-covering region is studied from the view of space and time. Besides, the influencing mechanism of blowing ratio and inclination angle on flow and heat transfer features of film cooling is uncovered. Results show that hairpin vortex, hairpin packet, and quasi-streamwise vortex appearing in rotating domain play a key role in heat transfer process of film cooling. The strong ejection, sweep and vortex rotation resulted from these vortices enhance the convective heat transfer. It is also found that the size of coherent structure varies significantly with blowing ratio and its integral form shows a strong dependence on inclination angle. Moreover, inclination angle of coolant jet has a significant impact on turbulence fluctuation intensity. The influence of blowing ratio on the attachment of coolant film and film-cooling performance is more obvious than that of inclination angle. It is believed that all of these are related closely to the variation of streamwise and wall-normal jet velocity in the case of various blowing ratios and inclination angles.
Effect of surface micromorphology and hydrophobicity on condensation efficiency of droplets using the lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Liu Lijun , Liang Gaojie , Zhao Haiqian , Liu Xiaoyan
Published: October 2021

In the present study, the effects of the surface morphology and surface hydrophobicity on droplet dynamics and condensation efficiency are investigated using the lattice Boltzmann method. Different surface morphologies may have different condensation heat transfer efficiencies, resulting in diverse condensation rates under the same conditions. The obtained results show that among the studied morphologies, the highest condensation rate can be achieved for conical micro-structures followed by the triangle micro-structure, and the columnar micro-structure has the lowest condensation rate. Moreover, it is found that when the surface micro-structure spacing is smaller and the surface micro-structure is denser, the condensation heat transfer between the surface structure and water vapor facilitates, thereby increasing the condensation efficiency of droplets. Furthermore, the condensation process of droplets is associated with the surface hydrophobicity. The more hydrophobic the surface, the more difficult the condensation heat transfer and the longer the required time for droplet nucleation. Meanwhile, a more hydrophobic surface means that it is harder for droplets to gather and merge, and the corresponding droplet condensation rate is also lower.
Heat transfer in a novel microwave heating device coupled with atomization feeding
Authors: Yu Shangzhi , Xie Qinglong , Mao Xiaoning , Duan Ying , Nie Yong
Published: October 2021

The heat transfer characteristics of the microwave heating coupled with atomization feeding were investigated using ethanol as the spray medium on a pressure swirl nozzle. The effects of spray height, flow rate and temperature on the sauter mean diameter of atomized droplets were examined. The results showed that the droplet sauter mean diameter was 12-130 ?m, which increased with the spray height and decreased with the flow rate and temperature of spray medium. Through the fitting of the experimental data, the dimensionless correlation of the droplet sauter mean diameter which was based on orifice diameter, Reynolds and Ohnesorge numbers was obtained. The calculated results were basically consistent with the experimental data within 15% error. The heat transfer characteristics of atomized droplets on high temperature surface of SiC bed heated by microwave were then investigated. The effects of spray flow rate, spray height, and spray temperature on the heat transfer characteristics were examined. The power of spray heat transfer decreased with the temperature and increased with the spray flow rate and spray height. The dimensionless correlation to describe the heat transfer characteristics of atomized droplets on the high temperature SiC surface under the microwave heating was obtained which included thermophysical properties of spray medium, spray parameters, and temperatures of the high temperature bed surface and spray medium, with the error of ?20%. These correlations can be used to predict the sauter mean diameter of the atomized droplets and the power of spray heat transfer in the microwave heating process.
The CFD simulation of reactive flow in parallel flow regenerative shaft kilns using porous media model
Authors: Mohammadpour Kamyar , Chitsazan Ali , Specht Eckehard
Published: October 2021

Understanding the flow pattern of the gas jets in packed beds can have considerable significance in improving reactor design and process optimization. This study researches the fuel diffusion in the radial direction and the flame length in a packed bed of a parallel flow regenerative shaft kiln. This kiln is characterized that the fuel is injected vertically in the packed bed using a lot of lances in the cross-section while the combustion air is distributed continuously. Such a large, packed bed has to be approximated as a porous media. This assumption is used to model the reactive flow in the kilns. Using a box with 700 spheres of 52 mm spheres in body-centered cube arrangement the local concentrations of injected nitrogen in air-flow were measured. The measured values match approximately with those calculated with the porous media model. The studied parameters are the number of burners and burner arrangements. The radial mixing of fuel and air in a packed bed is relatively bad. Therefore, a lot of burners are needed for better temperature homogenization in the cross-section
Modification of Kalina cycle system 34g by replacing throttle valve with single-screw expander
Authors: Zhang Xinxin , Li Zhenlei
Published: October 2021

Recovery of the energy loss caused by throttling plays an important role in improving the performance of a cycle. Based on the original Kalina cycle system 34g, two redesigned cycles, which have different placement of single-screw expanders used to replace the throttle valve, are proposed in this paper. The thermodynamic performance of two redesigned cycles is analyzed and compared with the original Kalina cycle system 34g. The results show that the thermodynamic performance of each redesigned cycle is better than that of the original Kalina cycle system 34g and the I?-redesigned cycle performs best. At a low and moderate evaporation pressure, there is an optimal ammonia-water concentration and it increases with the increase of evaporation pressure. With the concentration increases of ammonia-water, the performance advantage of the redesigned cycle system over the original Kalina cycle system 34g gradually decreases. When the ammonia-water concentration is much lower than the optimal concentration, the single-screw expander produces much work and plays a positive role in network output of cycle system. The highest cycle exergy efficiency of 54.14% can be obtained in the II-redesigned cycle when the evaporation pressure is 3.0 MPa and ammonia-water concentration is 0.85.
Energy and exergy analyses of a combined cycle power plant with inlet fuel heating
Authors: Chen Ting , Wan Anping , Li Ke , Xiang Xingwei , Zhou Qinglong , Zuo Qing , Zhang Liang
Published: October 2021

By using exhaust gas as heating source, a combined cycle power plant with inlet fuel heating is investigated experimentally. Energy analysis and exergy analysis are carried out under different power load and ambient temperature. The results reveal that the thermal efficiency of the power plant system increases as power load increases. The thermal efficiency and power output at 5? are 54.15% and 412 MW, respectively, while when the ambient temperature is 35?, the thermal efficiency and power output are 52.3% and 330 MW, respectively. Under the same conditions, the combustion chamber has the highest irreversibility rate, while the air compressor has the lowest. The irreversibility rate of the power plant system increases in line with power load. The second-law efficiency increases from 37.0-50.12% when the power load changes from 30-100%.
Demographic Correlates of Short-Term Mortality Among Youth and Young Adults With Youth-Onset Diabetes Diagnosed From 2002 to 2015: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study
Authors: Lawrence Jean M , Reynolds Kristi , Saydah Sharon H , Mottl Amy , Pihoker Catherine , Dabelea Dana , Dolan Lawrence , Henkin Leora , Liese Angela D , Isom Scott , Divers Jasmin , Wagenknecht Lynne , Group the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE: To examine
short-term mortality and cause of death among youth and young adults (YYA) with
youth-onset diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND
METHODS: We included 19,717 YYA’s newly-diagnosed with diabetes before age 20
from 1/1/2002–12/31/2015 enrolled in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. Of
these, 14,721 had type 1; 4,141 type 2; 551 secondary and 304 other/unknown
diabetes type. Cases were linked with the National Death Index through
12/31/2017. We calculated standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and 95% CIs based
on age, sex, and race/ethnicity for state and county population areas and
examined underlying causes of death.

RESULTS: During 170,148
person-years (PY) (median follow-up=8.5 years), 283 individuals died: 133 with
type 1 (103.0/100,000 PY), 55 with type 2 (161.5/100,000 PY), 87 with secondary
(1,952/100,000 PY) and 8 with other/unknown diabetes type (312.3/100,000 PY).
SMRs (95% CI) for the first three groups were 1.5 (1.2-1.8), 2.3 (1.7-3.0) and
28.0 (22.4-34.6), respectively. Diabetes was the underlying cause of death for
42.1%, 9.1% and 4.6% of deaths, respectively. The SMR was greater for type 2
than for type 1 diabetes (p<0.001). SMRs were significantly higher for ages <20
years, non-Hispanic White and Hispanic individuals and females with type 1
diabetes and for ages <25 years, all race/ethnic minority groups and both
sexes with type 2 diabetes.

CONCLUSION: Excess
mortality was observed among YYA for each type of diabetes with differences in
risk associated with diabetes type, age, race/ethnicity, and sex. The root
causes of excess mortality among YYAs with diabetes merits further study.
Analysis of transient signal broadening of silicon-based photodiodes irradiated by nanosecond laser
Authors: Yao Meng , Ji Ye Fei , Li Lan , Gao Yan He
Published: October 2021

To investigate the saturation characteristics of silicon-based optoelectronic devices caused by short-pulse laser irradiation, an Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm and two typical silicon-based photodiodes, PN and PIN, were employed to build an experimental system to measure the transient response signal of the device. The change. The experimental results demonstrate that with the increase of laser energy density, the nonlinear saturation of the two devices occurs, and the response time is significantly increased. This is a response degradation phenomenon for the response of the device and the signal after the saturation of the two devices. By analyzing the rising edge, half-height width, and bottom width of the characteristic quantity, it can be found that the broadening of the two devices is mainly due to the broadening of the falling edge of the response signal. However, the broadening of the PIN-type photodiode after laser irradiation is compared with that of PN. Type photodiodes remain more remarkable. Through the analysis of carrier dynamics, when the signal is restored, the movement of carriers is affected by a large number of photogenerated carriers after the laser irradiation ends, affecting the drift movement and space charge region during the bipolar transport of carriers. The width of the two devices attenuates the speed when the signals of the two devices are restored, leading to the saturation caused by the laser irradiation of the two devices