bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Authentic science in the classroom—students’ perceptions of their experiences
Authors: Sullivan Hellgren Jenny
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study is to characterize how students experience taking part in authentic research, specifically through the Medicine Hunt, a project designed to increase motivation for science and understanding of research in the Swedish secondary school. The study also investigates potential differences in students’ experiences related to context, in terms of participating in the Medicine Hunt in different classrooms. Twenty-four students from three Swedish lower-secondary schools participating in the Medicine Hunt were interviewed. The main result is that students’ experiences were positive and related to science. Their focus is to a large extent on authentic science, and covers many of the aspects the Medicine Hunt is aiming to introduce in school, like the hands-on and inquiry-based ways of working and the opportunity to do what scientists do. Students’ answers are also to a high degree connected to the science content and to learning science. Few differences in students’ experiences related to the different classrooms were found.
«Utflukter sitter lengre i hjernen». Elevers synspunkter på hvordan de lærer naturfag
Authors: Sælemyr Kari , Bjørndal Jan Egil
Published: November 2019

This article presents 10th grade students’ views on teaching methods in science. The students have answered a survey on what they think is positive in science teaching and what they think could be improved. They were also asked to explain why. The answers have been analyzed using a mixed methods design. The most distinct finding was that many students express boredom and lack of well-being in the science classroom. The students’ answers indicates that the traditional teaching methods dominate, and that teaching methods that are considered important in science teaching, such as excursions and inquiry teaching methods, are less used. The students believed that science teaching methods that provide more use of dialogue, cooperation and activity will increase learning and well-being. Knowledge about what the students’ report increases their engagement in science education, might contribute to develop teaching methods that will increase the students’ work effort in science.
Förskollärares konstruktion av ett fysikaliskt lärandeobjekt
Authors: Hellberg Lina , Thulin Susanne , Redfors Andreas
Published: November 2019

In 2010 the Swedish national curriculum was revised and learning goals concerning chemistry and physics were introduced. That has induced a need for further understanding of teaching and learning of specific content in preschool. Focus in this article is how physics content is constructed as an object of learning during preschool teachers’ planning of teaching. The result of a phenomenographic analysis focusing themes of the conversation concerning the intended object of learning reveals a complex process. Occurrences in the activities with the children, available tools at the preschool, the preschool teachers’ perceptions of the mission and understanding of the learning object, contribute to the construction of the learning object. All these aspects are discussed and implications for preschool practice are suggested.
Programa de intervenção comunitária: “A outra face do cuidar”
Authors: Gonçalves Mafalda Ferreira , Barbosa Antonieta , Carneiro Carla , Milheiro Helena , Breda Isabel , Melo Isabel , Mendes Joana Rita , Godinho Odília , Varandas Paula
Published: November 2019

Introdução: O cuidador informal (CI) presta cuidados a pessoas dependentes, não sendo recompensado economicamente. São inúmeros os fatores de estresse inerentes à tarefa de cuidar, com consequente desgaste físico e emocional. Estudos indicam que as abordagens que englobam a realização de atividade física apresentam um impacto positivo na diminuição da depressão, estresse, raiva e sobrecarga apresentados pelo CI. Objetivo: Reduzir a sobrecarga do CI, com vista à capacitação da tarefa de cuidar, pela aquisição de ferramentas na gestão da sobrecarga. Métodos: De uma listagem de 90 utentes com a codificação “demência” e 50 com “atraso mental” realizou-se o diagnóstico de situação através da aplicação da escala de Zarit que avalia a sobrecarga dos CI. Destes, 13 mostraram interesse em participar na intervenção, que consistiu em sessões de educação para a saúde, sessões de yoga e dinamização de um grupo de apoio. Foi avaliado o grau de sobrecarga dos participantes e a sua satisfação. Resultados: Os CI eram maioritariamente mulheres (92%), com idade média de 62 anos. Foram realizadas 100% das sessões previstas, com 23% de desistência dos participantes. A sobrecarga moderada a severa ou severa diminuiu de 92.3% para 60% no final da intervenção. Todos os CI classificaram o projeto como “bom” ou “muito bom”. Discussão: O projeto cumpriu a planificação inicial, tendo-se verificado uma diminuição do grau de sobrecarga do CI como evidenciado em outros estudos. Destaca-se como limitação a dificuldade do CI na realização de outras atividades além de cuidar do seu dependente. Conclusão: A intervenção teve um impacto positivo nos CI, tendo cumprido os objetivos inicialmente propostos. A equipa de saúde deu continuidade a este projeto através de uma parceria com uma cooperativa de solidariedade social local.
Reseña de Bleier, Roman, Bürgermeister, Martina, Klug, Helmut W., Neuber, Frederike y Schneider, Gerlinde (eds.): "Digital Scholarly Editions as Interfaces"
Authors: Zoppi Federica
Published: November 2019

Reseña del volumen: Bleier, Roman; Bürgermeister, Martina, Klug, Helmut W., Neuber, Frederike y Schneider, Gerlinde (eds.). Digital Scholarly Editions as Interfaces. Norderstedt: Books on Demand, 2018. ISBN: 9783748109259
Reseña de Underwood, Ted: “Distant Horizons. Digital evidence and literary change”
Authors: Jiménez Ríos Laura
Published: November 2019

Esta reseña evalúa el trabajo más reciente de Ted Underwood: “Distant Horizons. Digital evidence and literary change”, publicado en 2019 por la Universidad de Chicago. El autor aborda en él diferentes cuestiones de la historia de la literatura a partir de la aplicación de métodos cuantitativos.
Mapoteca Digital
Authors: Sarmiento Rojas Stephanie Carolina
Published: November 2019

Nota sobre el proyecto de la Mapoteca Digital y el libro Mapeando Colombia, ambos realizados por la Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia.
La codificación XML en el ámbito de las Ciencias Historiográficas. Algunas propuestas para su uso y desarrollo
Authors: Caballero Gómez Víctor
Published: November 2019

En el presente trabajo intentaremos realizar un acercamiento a los distintos proyectos que han vinculado el metalenguaje de marcado XML con las Ciencias Historiográficas en lo relativo a la codificación textual. Revisaremos, posteriormente, tres de los estándares más empleados para la codificación de textos y valoraremos cuál es el más adecuado a nuestras disciplinas, poniendo especial énfasis en los aspectos que susciten una mayor problemática en orden a su adaptación. Para los casos en los que ello suceda, como en la información referida al análisis diplomático, trataremos de encontrar una posible solución. Por último, expondremos cuáles son algunos de los resultados que podemos esperar a partir de la transformación de los documentos XML, un paso que podría ayudar a convencer de los beneficios de la codificación respecto de ediciones que no incluyen este recurso.
Navegación de corpus a través de anotaciones lingüísticas automáticas obtenidas por Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural: de anecdótico a ecdótico
Authors: Ruiz Fabo Pablo , Bermúdez Sabel Helena
Published: November 2019

En el presente artículo se describen dos estudios de caso de aplicación de tecnologías de Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural (PLN) o lingüística computacional para crear interfaces de navegación de corpus, las cuales facilitan el acceso a información de relevancia particular para cuestiones de investigación en ciencias sociales o humanidades. Se presta también atención a cómo estas tecnologías de análisis automático de texto pueden ayudar a enriquecer ediciones digitales académicas. Para ello se describe igualmente el marco teórico que conecta las tecnologías citadas con la edición digital académica y se reflexiona sobre aplicaciones de las tecnologías e interfaces descritas a la edición digital académica.
Diseño de corpus literario para análisis cuantitativos
Authors: Calvo Tello José
Published: November 2019

Este artículo profundiza en los diseños de corpus literarios, planteando y siguiendo cada parte del proceso completo a realizar. A diferencia de la mayoría de estudios de divulgación de las Humanidades Digitales, que suelen tener por objeto el proceso de análisis de datos o los resultados del mismo, este artículo focaliza el estadio previo, el de preparación de datos para la confección del corpus, tarea que defiende como central. Este trabajo resulta una perfecta guía metodológica para el investigador interesado en sacar adelante un proyecto basado en análisis cuantitativos en tanto que cubre todos los estadios del proceso, orienta las explicaciones hacia casos prácticos, y ha sido confeccionado por un investigador formado y con experiencia en el campo, autor él mismo de corpus de textos en español
El editor de textos ante el reto digital: elogio de la edición 2.0
Authors: Lucía Megías José Manuel
Published: November 2019

Este artículo reflexiona y defiende la importancia del editor en el siglo XXI. Para ello, traza un recorrido desde el Lachmann hasta a la actualidad, de la edición científica de textos clásicos a la de textos nacidos de la oralidad o de la escritura medieval hasta la edición de textos digitales realizada con herramientas digitales. Se plantea qué es el texto digital y sus similitudes y diferencias con el texto escrito y oral así como las implicaciones que esto tiene a la hora de hacer una edición crítica. Por último, establece los principios que deberán guiar el desarrollo de ediciones digitales. Apuesta por un modelo que conjugue los tres niveles del texto (facsímil, transcripción y texto crítico), hipertextual y que permita incluir y recuperar un alto grado de información.
Aproximaciones a la edición y la literatura digital
Authors: Bueren Gómez-Acebo José Luis , Cotarelo Esteban Lucía
Published: November 2019

Quienes en el futuro nos lean a los que a principios del siglo XXI escribimos sobre cuestiones como esta que nos ocupa, la edición digital, es posible que nos vean como nosotros a aquellos que difundían a finales del siglo XV o comienzos del XVI los misterios del nuevo invento para fabricar libros. Como ellos, nosotros somos conscientes de que estamos ante un cambio tecnológico que altera las cosas sin que sepamos definir o anticipar muy bien en qué sentido. A veces uno podría pensar que el ser humano es más capaz de inventar que de comprender sus inventos.
IFI16, a nuclear innate immune DNA sensor, mediates epigenetic silencing of herpesvirus genomes by its association with H3K9 methyltransferases SUV39H1 and GLP
Authors: Roy Arunava , Ghosh Anandita , Kumar Binod , Chandran Bala
Published: November 2019

IFI16, an innate immune DNA sensor, recognizes the nuclear episomal herpes viral genomes and induces the inflammasome and interferon-β responses. IFI16 also regulates cellular transcription and act as a DNA virus restriction factor. IFI16 knockdown disrupted the latency of Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and induced lytic transcripts. However, the mechanism of IFI16’s transcription regulation is unknown. Here, we show that IFI16 is in complex with the H3K9 methyltransferase SUV39H1 and GLP and recruits them to the KSHV genome during de novo infection and latency. The resulting depositions of H3K9me2/me3 serve as a docking site for the heterochromatin-inducing HP1α protein leading into the IFI16-dependent epigenetic modifications and silencing of KSHV lytic genes. These studies suggest that IFI16’s interaction with H3K9MTases is one of the potential mechanisms by which IFI16 regulates transcription and establish an important paradigm of an innate immune sensor’s involvement in epigenetic silencing of foreign DNA.
Single-cell proteomics reveals changes in expression during hair-cell development
Authors: Zhu Ying , Scheibinger Mirko , Ellwanger Daniel Christian , Krey Jocelyn F , Choi Dongseok , Kelly Ryan T , Heller Stefan , Barr-Gillespie Peter G
Published: November 2019

Hearing and balance rely on small sensory hair cells that reside in the inner ear. To explore dynamic changes in the abundant proteins present in differentiating hair cells, we used nanoliter-scale shotgun mass spectrometry of single cells, each ~1 picoliter, from utricles of embryonic day 15 chickens. We identified unique constellations of proteins or protein groups from presumptive hair cells and from progenitor cells. The single-cell proteomes enabled the de novo reconstruction of a developmental trajectory using protein expression levels, revealing proteins that greatly increased in expression during differentiation of hair cells (e.g., OCM, CRABP1, GPX2, AK1, GSTO1) and those that decreased during differentiation (e.g., TMSB4X, AGR3). Complementary single-cell transcriptome profiling showed corresponding changes in mRNA during maturation of hair cells. Single-cell proteomics data thus can be mined to reveal features of cellular development that may be missed with transcriptomics.
Protein polyglutamylation catalyzed by the bacterial calmodulin-dependent pseudokinase SidJ
Authors: Sulpizio Alan , Minelli Marena E , Wan Min , Burrowes Paul D , Wu Xiaochun , Sanford Ethan J , Shin Jung-Ho , Williams Byron C , Goldberg Michael L , Smolka Marcus B , Mao Yuxin
Published: November 2019

Pseudokinases are considered to be the inactive counterparts of conventional protein kinases and comprise approximately 10% of the human and mouse kinomes. Here, we report the crystal structure of the Legionella pneumophila effector protein, SidJ, in complex with the eukaryotic Ca2+-binding regulator, calmodulin (CaM). The structure reveals that SidJ contains a protein kinase-like fold domain, which retains a majority of the characteristic kinase catalytic motifs. However, SidJ fails to demonstrate kinase activity. Instead, mass spectrometry and in vitro biochemical analyses demonstrate that SidJ modifies another Legionella effector SdeA, an unconventional phosphoribosyl ubiquitin ligase, by adding glutamate molecules to a specific residue of SdeA in a CaM-dependent manner. Furthermore, we show that SidJ-mediated polyglutamylation suppresses the ADP-ribosylation activity. Our work further implies that some pseudokinases may possess ATP-dependent activities other than conventional phosphorylation.
Motivational strategies and approaches for single and multi-player exergames: a social perspective
Authors: Chan Gerry , Arya Ali , Orji Rita , Zhao Zhao
Published: November 2019

Background

Exergames have attracted the interest of academics, practitioners, and designers, in domains as diverse as health, human-computer interaction, psychology, and information technology. This is primarily because exergames can make the exercise experience more enjoyable and entertaining, and in turn, can increase exercise levels. Despite the many benefits of exergames, they suffer from retention problems. Thus, the objective of this article was to review theories and game elements that have been empirically examined or employed in an attempt to make exergames more motivating so people engage in sustained physical activity (duration of physical activity) in a repeating pattern over time (frequency of physical activity).

Methodology

A literature search and narrative review were conducted.

Results

Five major theories and elements were prevalent in the exergaming literature: (1) self-determination theory, (2) gamification, (3) competition and cooperation, (4) situational interest, and (5) social interaction. These theories and elements are important for encouraging long-term play and show promise for designing exergames to promote sustained engagement and motivate physical activity. We discuss their strengths and weaknesses throughout the paper.

Conclusions

The long-term effectiveness of exergame interventions is unclear mainly because of the limited amount of long-term studies. Better metrics are also needed to evaluate this effectiveness. We also identified particular attention to social factors and group dynamics, such as multi-player exergames and more effective player matchmaking strategies for increasing social connectedness, as a key area of future research.
A pilot study—genetic diversity and population structure of snow leopards of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, using molecular techniques
Authors: Aruge Samreen , Batool Hafsa , Khan Fida M. , Fakhar-i-Abbas  , Janjua Safia
Published: November 2019

Background

The Hindu Kush and Karakoram mountain ranges in Pakistan’s northern areas are a natural habitat of the snow leopard (Panthera unciasyn.Uncia uncia) but the ecological studies on this animal are scarce since it is human shy by nature and lives in difficult mountainous tracts. The pilot study is conducted to exploit the genetic diversity and population structure of the snow leopard in this selected natural habitat of the member of the wildcat family in Pakistan.

Method

About 50 putative scat samples of snow leopard from five localities of Gilgit-Baltistan (Pakistan) along with a control sample of zoo maintained male snow leopard were collected for comparison. Significant quality and quantity of genomic DNA was extracted from scat samples using combined Zhang–phenol–chloroform method and successful amplification of cytochrome c oxidase I gene (190 bp) using mini-barcode primers, seven simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers and Y-linked AMELY gene (200 bp) was done.

Results

Cytochrome c oxidase I gene sequencing suggested that 33/50 (66%) scat samples were of snow leopard. AMELY primer suggested that out of 33 amplified samples, 21 (63.63%) scats were from male and 12 (36.36%) from female leopards. Through successful amplification of DNA of 25 out of 33 (75.75%) scat samples using SSR markers, a total of 68 alleles on seven SSR loci were identified, showing low heterozygosity, while high gene flow between population.

Discussion

The low gene flow rate among the population results in low genetic diversity causing decreased diversification. This affects the adaptability to climatic changes, thus ultimately resulting in decreased population size of the species.
Geographic origin and timing of colonization of the Pacific Coast of North America by the rocky shore gastropodLittorina sitkana
Authors: Marko Peter B. , Zaslavskaya Nadezhda I.
Published: November 2019

The demographic history of a species can have a lasting impact on its contemporary population genetic structure. Northeastern Pacific (NEP) populations of the rocky shore gastropodLittorina sitkanahave very little mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence diversity and show no significant population structure despite lacking dispersive planktonic larvae. A contrasting pattern of high mtDNA diversity in the northwestern Pacific (NWP) suggests thatL. sitkanamay have recently colonized the NEP from the NWP via stepping-stone colonization through the Aleutian-Commander Archipelago (ACA) following the end of the last glacial 20,000 years ago. Here, we use multi-locus sequence data to test that hypothesis using a combination of descriptive statistics and population divergence modeling aimed at resolving the timing and the geographic origin of NEP populations. Our results show that NEP populations share a common ancestor with a population ofL. sitkanaon the Kamchatka Peninsula ∼46,900 years ago and that NEP populations diverged from each other ∼21,400 years ago. A more recent population divergence between Kamchatka and NEP populations, than between Kamchatka and other populations in the NWP, suggests that the ACA was the most probable dispersal route. Taking into account the confidence intervals for the estimates, we conservatively estimate thatL. sitkanaarrived in the NEP between 107,400 and 4,100 years ago, a range of dates that is compatible with post-glacial colonization of the NEP. Unlike other congeners that are relatively abundant in the Pleistocene fossil record of the NEP, only one report ofL. sitkanaexists from the NEP fossil record. Although broadly consistent with the molecular data, the biogeographic significance of these fossils is difficult to evaluate, as the shells cannot be distinguished from the closely-related congenerL. subrotundata.
Key Determinants of Indonesia’s Banks Financial Performance
Authors: Panggabean Martin , Panggabean Stefan Batara
Published: November 2019

Depositors, investors, as well as public in general need easily accessible indicators that are important to differentiate various banks. This research addresses simultaneously two important issues: analyzing and identifying which key publicly available financial indicators of banks are important, as well as approximating the weight of the aforementioned indicators when banks’ comparisons are to be made. Utilizing the recent 2017 database from 90 conventional banks, this study analyzes 17 banking ratios using the method of principal component analysis. The calculations show that five components explain around 75 percent of total variation in the data. Those five components represent indicators on profitability, quality of capital, quality of loans, fee-based activities, and liquid assets in the balance sheets. Further, by combining five principal components, the result shows that even small banks can achieve good financial performances.
Melanoma Tumor Mutational Burden and Indoor Tanning Exposure
Authors: Hanrahan Grace B. , Giobbie-Hurder Anita , Allais Blair , Vogelzang Jayne , Fay Christopher , Tsibris Hillary C.
Published: December 2024

Importance

UV-induced mutagenesis leads to a higher tumor mutational burden (TMB) in cutaneous melanoma relative to other cancer types. TMB is an important prognostic marker in advanced melanoma; higher TMB is associated with greater clinical response to immune checkpoint inhibition and improved survival.

Objective

To evaluate the association between cutaneous melanoma TMB and indoor tanning exposure, as well as other demographic, dermatologic, and tumor characteristics.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study took place at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, a tertiary-care cancer treatment center in Boston, Massachusetts, between 2013 and 2022. Patients with a diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma for whom next-generation sequencing data and tanning bed exposure history were available were included.

Exposures

Indoor tanning exposure history, tumor characteristics, demographics, and dermatologic history were collected via retrospective medical record review.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The association of tanning bed use with TMB was modeled using inverse probability of treatment weighted, multivariable modeling.

Results

Among 617 patients (median [IQR] age at diagnosis, 61 [50-71] years; 337 [62.9%] male), there was no association between indoor tanning exposure and TMB after adjustment for demographic, tumor, and dermatologic characteristics (yes vs no: log2 TMB [SE], 4.07 [0.44] vs 3.97 [0.45]; P = .39). However, there was a statistically significant association between higher TMB and older age at diagnosis, history of nonmelanoma skin cancer, and head and neck tumors relative to other primary sites. Average TMB was statistically significantly lower in patients with a history of abnormal nevi (yes vs no: log2 TMB [SE], 3.89 [0.44] vs 4.15 [0.44]; P = .01).

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study suggests that indoor tanning exposure, while known to increase risk of melanoma, may not be meaningfully associated with melanoma TMB. Additional characteristics were associated with higher TMB and, thus, potentially improved immune checkpoint inhibitor response.
Selective vs Routine Cholangiography Across a Health Care Enterprise
Authors: Gross Abby , Said Sayf Al-deen , Wehrle Chase J. , Hong Hanna , Quick Joseph , Larson Sarah , Hossain Mir Shanaz , Naffouje Samer , Walsh R. Matthew , Augustin Toms
Published: December 2024

Importance

There is sparse literature on whether routine cholangiography (RC) vs selective cholangiography (SC) during cholecystectomy is associated with improved perioperative outcomes, regardless of whether an intraoperative cholangiogram (IOC) is performed.

Objective

To compare perioperative outcomes of cholecystectomy between surgeons who routinely vs selectively perform IOC.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 2015 through June 2023 and took place within the Cleveland Clinic Enterprise, which includes 18 hospitals and 9 ambulatory surgery centers in 2 states (Ohio and Florida). Participants included adult patients who underwent cholecystectomy for benign biliary disease. Data analysis was conducted between July 2023 and August 2024.

Exposure

Routine cholangiography, defined as more than 70% of cholecystectomies performed with IOC per surgeon over the study period.

Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s)

The primary outcome was major bile duct injury (BDI). Hierarchical mixed-effects models with patients nested in hospitals adjusted for individual- and surgeon-level characteristics were used to assess the odds of major BDI and secondary outcomes (minor BDI, operative duration, and perioperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography [ERCP]).

Results

A total of 134 surgeons performed 28 212 cholecystectomies with 10 244 in the RC cohort (mean age, 52.71 [SD, 17.78] years; 7102 female participants [69.33%]) and 17 968 in the SC cohort (mean age, 52.33 [SD, 17.72] years; 12 135 female participants [67.54%]). Overall, 26 major BDIs (0.09%) and 105 minor BDIs (0.34%) were identified. Controlling for patient and surgeon characteristics nested in hospitals, RC was associated with decreased odds of major BDI (odds ratio [OR], 0.16; 95% CI, 0.15-0.18) and minor BDI (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.77-0.89) compared with SC. Major BDIs were recognized intraoperatively more often in the RC cohort than the SC cohort (76.9% vs 23.0%; difference, 53.8%; 95% CI, 15.9%-80.2%). Lastly, RC was not significantly associated with increased perioperative ERCP utilization (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.90-1.14) or negative ERCP rate (RC, 27 of 844 [3.2%] vs SC, 57 of 1570 [3.6%]; difference, −0.3%; 95% CI, −1.9% to 1.0%).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, RC was associated with decreased odds of major and minor BDI, as well as increased intraoperative recognition of major BDI when it occurred. RC could be considered as a health systems strategy to minimize BDI, acknowledging the overall low prevalence but high morbidity from these injuries.
Use of Biologic and Biosynthetic Mesh for Ventral Hernia Repair in Current Practice
Authors: Mullens Cody L. , Schoel Leah , McGee Michael F. , Ehlers Anne P. , Telem Dana , Howard Ryan
Published: December 2024

Importance

Originally developed for use in contaminated fields, there is growing evidence against the use of biologic and biosynthetic mesh in ventral hernia repair. However, its prevalence and patterns of use in current practice are largely unknown.

Objectives

To describe the prevalence of biologic and biosynthetic mesh use in ventral hernia repair and to identify factors associated with its use.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study used a statewide clinical registry in Michigan to identify adults who underwent mesh-based ventral hernia repair between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2023. Data analysis was performed from February to May 2024.

Exposures

Use of biologic or biosynthetic mesh vs synthetic mesh.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was use of biologic or biosynthetic mesh, abstracted directly from the operative report. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with use of biologic or biosynthetic mesh.

Results

A total of 10 838 patients (mean [SD] age, 55.7 [14.0] years; 4619 [42.6%] female) who underwent mesh-based ventral hernia repair were identified, among whom 1174 repairs (10.8%) were performed with biologic or biosynthetic mesh and 9664 (89.2%) were performed with synthetic mesh. Of the 1174 cases using biologic or biosynthetic mesh, 1023 (87.1%) had a clean wound classification and 1039 (88.5%) were performed electively. In multivariable logistic regression, wound contamination was associated with increased odds of biologic or biosynthetic mesh use (clean-contaminated: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.17 [95% CI, 1.62-2.89]; contaminated: aOR, 2.95 [95% CI, 1.63-5.34]; dirty or infected: aOR, 36.22 [95% CI, 12.20-107.56]). Other operative factors associated with increased odds of biologic or biosynthetic mesh use included urgent or emergent surgical priority (aOR, 1.69 [95% CI, 1.33-2.16]), laparoscopic or robotic approach (aOR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.15-1.50]), larger hernia width (aOR, 1.03 [95% CI, 1.01-1.04] per centimeter), and use of myofascial release (aOR, 2.10 [95% CI, 1.64-2.70]).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this large cohort of patients undergoing ventral hernia repair, 1 in 10 mesh-based repairs was performed with biologic or biosynthetic mesh. Although urgent or emergent repair and wound contamination were associated with increased odds of biologic or biosynthetic mesh use, nearly 90% of biologic and biosynthetic mesh use occurred in elective repairs with clean wound classifications. These results raise questions regarding the appropriateness of its application in current practice.
Significant Enhancement of Strength–Ductility Synergy of a Cost‐Effective Eutectic High‐Entropy Alloy via Strain‐Partition Engineering
Authors: Tripathy Bikash , Ojha Pankaj Kumar , Paul Suvra , Bhattacharjee Pinaki Prasad
Published: December 2024

Although eutectic high‐entropy alloys (EHEAs) enjoy superior mechanical properties, their compositional chemistry suffers from the presence of costly alloying elements. To overcome this drawback, developing cobalt‐free, cost‐effective EHEAs with superior mechanical properties is needed. For this purpose, the microstructure and properties of a cost‐effective (FCC + B2) AlCrFe2Ni2 EHEA subjected to hybrid‐rolling (HR) are investigated herein. The total strain, corresponding to 90% thickness reduction, is imparted in the HR process in two equal steps: first cryo‐rolling and then warm‐rolling at 600 °C. The as‐cast material consists of lamellar (FCC + B2) eutectic and (B2(I) + B2(II)) spinodal regions. HR process results in a heterogeneous ultrafine/nanostructure featuring surviving spinodal and transformed duplex regions. The duplex regions consist of ultrafine recrystallized FCC, fragmented B2 lamellae, and dynamically nucleated B2 grains. The heterogeneous microstructure due to HR results from pronounced strain‐partitioning during the cryo‐rolling step, which, in turn, accelerates preferential recrystallization and selective transformation during the subsequent warm‐rolling step. The heterogeneous EHEA shows a significantly enhanced strength–ductility combination (yield strength: 1365 MPa; ultimate tensile strength: 1622 MPa; elongation: 12%), markedly better than the cobalt‐containing HEAs and EHEAs. The systematic kernel average misorientation analysis of the interrupted tensile tested specimens of the HR‐processed EHEA indicates pronounced hetero‐deformation‐induced strengthening.
Structurally Colored Physically Unclonable Functions with Ultra‐Rich and Stable Encoding Capacity
Authors: Esidir Abidin , Ren Miaoning , Pekdemir Sami , Kalay Mustafa , Kayaci Nilgun , Gunaltay Nail , Usta Hakan , Huang Xian , Onses Mustafa Serdar
Published: December 2024

Identity security and counterfeiting assume a critical importance in the digitized world. An effective approach to addressing these issues is the use of physically unclonable functions (PUFs). The overarching challenge is a simultaneous combination of extremely high encoding capacity, stable operation, practical fabrication, and a widely available readout mechanism. Herein this challenge is addressed by designing an optical PUF via exploiting the thickness‐dependent structural color formation in nanoscopic films of ZnO. The structural coloration ensures authentication using widely available bright‐field‐based optical readout, whereas the metal oxide provides a high degree of structural stability. True physical randomness in spatial position is achieved by physical vapor deposition of ZnO through stencil masks that are fabricated by pore formation in polycarbonate membranes via photothermal processing of stochastically positioned plasmonic nanoparticles. Structural coloration emerges from thin film interference as confirmed via simulation studies. The rich color variation and stochastic definition of domain size and geometry result in chaotic features with an encoding capacity that approaches (6.4 × 105)(2752×2208). Deep learning‐based authentication is further demonstrated by transforming these chaotic features into unbreakable codes without field limitations. This ultra‐rich encoding capacity, coupled with outstanding thermal and chemical stability, forms a new cutting edge for state‐of‐the‐art PUF‐based encoding systems.
Single‐Cell Isolation Chip Integrated with Multicolor Barcode Array for High‐Throughput Single‐Cell Exosome Profiling in Tissue Samples
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhang Yu , Wang Jianbo , Han Yunrui , Wang Yihe , Sun Mingyuan , Liang Yanbo , Huang Miao , Yu Yang , Hu Huili , Liu Hong , Han Lin
Published: December 2024

Exosomes, functional biomarkers involved in cancer progression, have gained widespread attention for promoting tumor formation, growth, and metastasis. Current bulk exosome detections in bodily fluids enable cancer functional analysis, but average secretion levels from cell populations, losing parent cell information and ignoring exosome heterogeneity from diverse cell subgroups, necessitating an effective platform for analyzing single‐cell exosome functional heterogeneity. Here, a high‐throughput platform is presented, capable of efficient single‐cell isolation and multi‐color exosome phenotype analysis, as well as quantifying trace exosomes secreted by single cells. Photothermal‐driven single‐cell chips achieve significant single‐cell isolation efficiency (≈97%) within 5 min, facilitating the ultra‐high throughput single‐cell exosome analysis. By conducting mass spectrometry and protein interaction of breast cancer exosome phenotypic proteins, key exosome phenotypes are identified. Tens of thousands of single cells from breast cancer cell lines, and clinical tissues are analyzed, revealing various subgroup differences. The study finds more CD44 and EGFR co‐expressing exosome subgroups in breast cancer cell lines, while immune‐evasion PD‐L1 high‐phenotype exosome subgroups are primarily presented in complex tumor microenvironments, especially in HER2‐positive tissues. This platform offers powerful single‐cell isolation, exosome quantification, and phenotypic analysis capabilities, making it a powerful tool for advancing single‐cell exosome analysis in cancer research.
Dimethylamine Bismuth Iodide: A Lead‐Free Perovskite Enabling Ultra‐Sensitive UVC Photodetection with Low Operating Voltage and High Detectivity
Authors: Ajayakumar Avija , Sławek Andrzej , Muthu Chinnadurai , Dev Amarjith V. , Shajan Namitha K. , Ajith Anila , Szaciłowski Konrad , Vijayakumar Chakkooth
Published: December 2024

Ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors (PDs) are essential for various applications, but traditional materials face challenges in cost, fabrication, and performance. This study introduces dimethylamine bismuth iodide (DMABI) as a promising lead‐free perovskite for UV PDs, particularly in the UVC region. DMABI demonstrates exceptional device parameters, including an ultralow dark current of 0.12 pA at 0.05 V, a high on/off ratio of 7.1 × 104, and a peak detectivity of 3.18 × 1013 Jones. The unique structure of DMABI, with isolated octahedral units, ensures minimal connectivity, significantly reducing dark current. When exposed to high‐energy UV light, carriers gain sufficient energy to hop between octahedrally coordinated bismuth centres, resulting in substantial photocurrent. The small size of the organic cation facilitates efficient charge transfer, contributing to high responsivity (1.46 A W−1) and external quantum efficiency (up to 717%). These results establish DMABI as a superior, low‐cost candidate for UV photodetection, addressing limitations of existing materials. The study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms driving these characteristics and highlights potential for future advancements in UV PD technology.
Living Porous Ceramics for Bacteria‐Regulated Gas Sensing and Carbon Capture
Authors: Dutto Alessandro , Kan Anton , Saraw Zoubeir , Maillard Aline , Zindel Daniel , Studart André R.
Published: December 2024

Microorganisms hosted in abiotic structures have led to engineered living materials that can grow, sense, and adapt in ways that mimic biological systems. Although porous structures should favor colonization by microorganisms, they have not yet been exploited as abiotic scaffolds for the development of living materials. Here, porous ceramics are reported that are colonized by bacteria to form an engineered living material with self‐regulated and genetically programmable carbon capture and gas‐sensing functionalities. The carbon capture capability is achieved using wild‐type photosynthetic cyanobacteria, whereas the gas‐sensing function is generated utilizing genetically engineered E. coli. Hierarchical porous clay is used as a ceramic scaffold and evaluated in terms of bacterial growth, water uptake, and mechanical properties. Using state‐of‐the‐art chemical analysis techniques, the ability of the living porous ceramics are demonstrated to capture CO2 directly from the air and to metabolically turn minute amounts of toxic gas into a benign scent detectable by humans.
High‐Temperature Diffusion Enabled Epitaxy of the Ti–O System
Authors: Kim Jeong Rae , Glotzer Sandra , Llanos Adrian , Salmani‐Rezaie Salva , Falson Joseph
Published: December 2024

High temperatures promote kinetic processes that can drive crystal synthesis toward ideal thermodynamic conditions, thereby realizing samples of superior quality. While accessing very high temperatures in thin‐film epitaxy is becoming increasingly accessible through laser‐based heating methods, demonstrations of such utility are still emerging. The study realizes a novel self‐regulated growth mode in the Ti–O system by relying on thermally activated diffusion of oxygen from an oxide substrate. The controlled diffusion enables oxidation state selectivity of single‐phase films with superior crystallinity to conventional approaches as evidenced by structural and electronic measurements. The diffusion‐enabled epitaxy is potentially of wide use in the growth of transition metal oxides, opening up new opportunities for ultra‐high purity epitaxial platforms based on d‐orbital systems.
Reinforcing Gelatin Hydrogels via In Situ Phase Separation and Enhanced Interphase Bonding for Advanced 3D Fabrication
Authors: Ren Chunling , Chen Wanqi , Liao Yun , Huang Yangguang , Yu Changlong , Chen Ting , Zeng Qingmei , Yang Yunlong , Huang Rongkun , Liu Tuan , Jiang Li , Bao Bingkun , Zhu Linyong , Lin Qiuning
Published: December 2024

Gelatin hydrogels (e.g., methacrylated gelatin gel, abbreviated GelMA gel) have garnered significant attention in tissue engineering and therapeutic drug and cell delivery due to their complete degradability and intrinsic ability to support cell adhesion. However, their practical applications are often constrained by their poor mechanical performance, which stems from their single network structure. This limitation poses significant challenges in load‐bearing scenarios and restricts their use in advanced biofabrication technologies, where robust mechanical properties are essential. Here a hydrogel is developed composed entirely of gelatin using a phototriggered transient‐radical and persistent‐radical coupling (PTPC) reaction to achieve an optimized microstructure. This hydrogel features a phase‐separated structure with enhanced interfacial bonding, significantly improving mechanical performance compared to conventional GelMA gels. Notably, this approach preserves the inherent properties of gelatin, including biocompatibility, cell adhesion, and degradability, thereby extending its applicability in the biomedical field, particularly in advanced biofabrication methods such as 3D printing. This approach offers a superior solution to meet the complex demands of sophisticated biomanufacturing technologies, expanding the potential applications of gelatin hydrogels in the biomedical field.
Ethyl Lactate Ameliorates Hepatic Steatosis and Acute‐on‐Chronic Liver Injury in Alcohol‐Associated Liver Disease by Inducing Fibroblast Growth Factor 21
Authors: Jiang Yang , Wei Shuang , Shen Shiming , Liu Yuxiao , Su Weitong , Ding Dong , Zheng Zengpeng , Yu Haokai , Zhang Tingting , Yang Qiuli , Zhao Jiuxiang , Shen Yi , Fang Xia , Lin Liangcai , Xiao Dongguang , Cui Aoyuan , Wan Qin , Zhang Yadong , Li Yu , Zhang Cuiying
Published: December 2024

Aberrant upregulation of hepatic lipogenesis induced by chronic and excessive alcohol consumption is a critical driver of the progression of alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD), however, no effective approaches inhibiting lipogenesis are currently available for treating ALD patients. Moreover, little is known about whether and how nonethanol ingredients in alcoholic beverages regulate the pathogenesis of ALD. Here the discovery of a small molecule that activates the production and secretion of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is reported. It is shown that the activator ethyl lactate, a nonethanol ingredient found in distilled liquors, ameliorates alcoholic hepatosteatosis, inflammation and acute‐on‐chronic liver injury by stimulating FGF21. In response to chronic‐plus‐binge ethanol feeding or fasting, ethyl lactate mimics lipogenesis lowering effects by stimulating FGF21 production through the NAD+‐dependent deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) signaling pathway. These ethyl lactate‐mediated beneficial effects are abolished by inhibition of SIRT1 through injection of EX527. Importantly, FGF21 deficiency in hepatocytes blocks the downregulation of lipogenesis by ethyl lactate and exacerbates alcoholic steatosis, inflammation and liver injury. The regulatory mechanism is discussed during the pathophysiological conditions and suggests new lines of research into the therapeutic use of a foodborne small molecule ethyl lactate.
Dual‐Modal Dielectric Elastomer System for Simultaneous Energy Harvesting and Actuation
Authors: Zhang Zhiyuan , Huang Wenwei , Zheng Shaodi , Tan Jianbo , Cheng Jinzhan , Cai Jiancheng , E Shiju , Xu Zisheng
Published: December 2024

Dielectric elastomers (DEs) have promising capabilities for soft electromechanical systems, including those for actuation and energy generation. However, their widespread application is restricted by electromechanical instability (EMI) and the requirement for high‐voltage operation. This study presents a dual‐modal DE system that effectively overcomes these limitations by leveraging a dual‐membrane structure. The proposed structure not only suppresses EMI through charge sharing but also enables simultaneous energy harvesting and actuation, enhancing the overall electrical performance of the system. The system demonstrated a remarkable improvement in output performance, exceeding that of traditional single‐modal DE generators by up to 30%. The practicality of the system is developed by integrating it into a mechanically powered soft robot capable of locomotion and environmental monitoring using a wireless temperature sensor. This study paves the way for the development of advanced DE‐based systems with enhanced stability, functionality, and potential for diverse applications in soft robotics, energy harvesting, and other areas that require coupled electromechanical capabilities.
Triplet Electron Exchange in Carbon Nanodots‐assisted Long‐persistent near‐infrared Chemiluminescence for Oncology Synergistic Imaging and Therapy
Authors: Song Run‐Wei , Jiang Tian‐Ci , Zhang Xue‐Yang , Shen Cheng‐Long , Lou Qing , Shan Chong‐Xin
Published: December 2024

In classical photodynamic therapy, tumor cells are killed by the cytotoxic species via type‐I/II photochemical reactions, seriously limited by the external photoexcitation and hypoxia. Herein, the electron transfer mechanism between fluorophores and peroxalate‐H2O2 reaction is investigated and the singlet/triplet electron exchange is utilized to achieve long‐persistent chemiluminescence imaging and synergistic type‐I/II/III photodynamic therapy. As a proof‐of‐concept, the photosensitizers of carbon nanodots (CDs)‐loaded chlorin e6 (CDs‐Ce6) are designed and integrated with the peroxalate molecules, and the as‐prepare polymer carbon nanodots (p‐CDs) exhibit novel tumor microenvironment (TME)‐responsive long‐persistent near‐infrared CL and photochemical reactions, evoking the in vivo imaging and synergistic dynamic therapy in tumor tissue. Mechanistically, the excess reactive oxygen species in TME can trigger the chemically initiated singlet/triplet electron exchange between the hydrophobic CDs‐Ce6 and peroxalate‐derived 1,2‐dioxetanes and thus the excess excited singlet/triplet electron of the CDs‐Ce6 can ensure the long‐persistent near‐infrared CL, type I/II photochemical production of hydroxyl radicals, superoxide radical and singlet oxygen, and type III photochemical damage of maladjusted biomacromolecules, enabling the long‐persistent near‐infrared biological imaging and enhanced cancer therapy. These results shed a new sight into the energy transfer mechanism in chemiluminescence and pave a new sight into the architecture of multifunctional theragnostic nanoplatforms.
In Situ Modulation of NiFeOOH Coordination Environment for Enhanced Electrocatalytic‐Conversion of Glucose and Energy‐Efficient Hydrogen Production
Authors: Wei Ning , Zhang Sufeng , Yao Xue , Li Qinglu , Li Nan , Li Jinrui , Pan Dingjie , Liu Qiming , Chen Shaowei , Renneckar Scott
Published: December 2024

Glucose electrocatalytic‐conversion reaction (GCR) is a promising anode reaction to replace the slow oxygen evolution reaction (OER), thus promoting the development of hydrogen production by electrochemical water splitting. Herein, NiFe‐based metal‐organic framework (MOF) is used as a precursor to prepare W‐doped nickel‐iron phosphide (W‐NiFeP) nanosheet arrays by ion exchange and phosphorylation, which exhibit a high electrocatalytic activity toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), featuring an overpotential of only −179 mV to achieve the current density of 100 mA cm−2 in alkaline media. Notably, electrochemical activation of W‐NiFeP facilitates the in situ formation of phosphate groups producing W,P‐NiFeOOH, which, in conjunction with the W co‐doped amorphous layers, leads to a high electrocatalytic performance toward GCR, due to enhanced proton transfer and adsorption of reaction intermediates, as confirmed in experimental and theoretical studies. Thus, the two‐electrode electrolyzer of the W‐NiFeP/NF||W,P‐NiFeOOH/NF for HER||GCR needs only a low cell voltage of 1.56 V to deliver 100 mA cm−2 at a remarkable hydrogen production efficiency of 1.86 mmol h−1, with a high glucose conversion (98.0%) and formic acid yields (85.2%). Results from this work highlight the significance of the development of effective electrocatalysts for biomass electrocatalytic‐conversion in the construction of high‐efficiency electrolyzers for green hydrogen production.