bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contribution of China’s OFDI to Economic Growth of Developed Host Countries and Its Mechanism
Authors: Wang Xiaohui
Published: September 2022

Previous studies have shown that pathwise outward foreign direct investment can promote the long-term economic growth of developed economies and some developing countries with sufficient technology, human capital, and financial efficiency. However, the contribution of inverse outward foreign direct investment from developing countries, especially China, on the economic growth of developed economies has not yet been demonstrated. Based on the endogenous growth theory, this article uses panel data of China’s inverse outward foreign direct investment and economic growth indicators of 26 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries from 2003 to 2017 to empirically study the contribution of China’s inverse outward foreign direct investment to the economic growth of developed economies and its mechanism, and furthermore to study the mediation effect of research and development capital and technological advances in the contribution. The empirical results show that China’s inverse outward foreign direct investment has a significant contribution to the economic growth of developed host countries, with a contribution rate of 3.01%. The contribution rate of the mediating effect is 24.3% when only considering technological advances and 54.34% when considering the multiple mediators of research and development capital and technological advances.
Ground State Solution for a Fourth Order Elliptic Equation of Kirchhoff Type with Critical Growth in

ℝ

N
Authors: Zhou Li , Zhu Chuanxi
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we consider the following fourth order elliptic Kirchhoff-type equation involving the critical growth of the form

Δ

2

u
−

a
+
b

∫

ℝ

N

∇
u

2

d
x

Δ
u
+
V

x

u
=

I

α

∗
F

u

f

u

+

λ

u

2

∗

∗

−
2

u
,
in
 

ℝ

N

,

u
∈

H

2

ℝ

N

,

where

a
>
0

,

b
≥
0

,

λ

is a positive parameter,

α
∈

N
−
2
,
N

,

5
≤
N
≤
8

,

V
:

ℝ

N

⟶
ℝ

is a potential function, and

I

α

is a Riesz potential of order

α

. Here,

2

∗

∗

=
2
N
/

n
−
4

with

N
≥
5

is the Sobolev critical exponent, and

Δ

2

u
=
Δ

Δ
u

is the biharmonic operator. Under certain assumptions on

V

x

and

f

u

, we prove that the equation has ground state solutions by variational methods.
An Efficient Policy-Based Scheduling and Allocation of Virtual Machines in Cloud Computing Environment
Authors: Supreeth S. , Patil Kirankumari , Patil Shantala Devi , Rohith S. , Vishwanath Y. , Prasad K. S. Venkatesh
Published: September 2022

Cloud computing has become the most challenging research field in the current information technology scenario. In this, a set of user tasks are scheduled and allocated to numerous kinds of heterogeneous virtual machines (VMs) in cloud data centers (CDCs), and these VMs are hosted by diverse types of heterogeneous physical machines (PMs). It extends several features, encompassing elasticity, safety, sustainability, and even adequate maintenance compared to traditional data centers. There are numerous techniques available for VM scheduling and allocation. However, it still requires the existence of new mechanisms that can reduce the execution time (ET) of the tasks, improve the optimization of energy usage and resource utilization (RU), and reduce time consumption. Along with optimization, VM scheduling (VMS) and VM allocation (VMA) are two-level issues that need to be considered with essential policies to govern these mechanisms. Hence, for executing optimal VMS and VMA in the data center, new optimization methodologies, such as enhanced shark smell optimization algorithm (ESSOA) at the first level and Brownian movement-centered gravitation search algorithm (BMGSA) at the second level, are proposed in this work to define the policies. Firstly, the user requests for VMs are reserved on the most appropriate PM by the proposed ESSOA, which has the lowest execution cost within deadline limits, and the proposed BMGSA decides the allocation of the chosen VM on the most appropriate PM within the resource limitations at the second level. To demonstrate the proposed algorithm’s efficiency, the simulations are carried out using the Java language-based CloudSim simulator, and the proposed mechanism outcomes acquired are compared with the existing approaches. The simulation results show that the suggested algorithm is efficient in terms of the execution cost, degree of imbalance (DOI), make span (MS), and resource utilization (RU).
Meta-Analysis on the Efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction in the Treatment of Cardiac Neurosis Complicated with Depression and Anxiety
Authors: Xu Linjie , Shi Dazhuo , Zhang Ying
Published: September 2022

Objective. To analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine decoction (TCMD) in the treatment of cardiac neurosis (CN) complicated with depression and anxiety. Methods. Relevant literature on TCMD in the treatment of CN complicated with depression and anxiety was retrieved from Chinese and English databases, and the retrieved literature was included and excluded. The quality of the retrieved literature was evaluated according to the Cochrane system, and the meta-analysis was undertaken with RevMan5.3 software. Results. A total of 10 papers were included, including 686 patients and 349 patients in the treatment group (131 males and 218 females), and there were 337 cases in the control group (131 males and 206 females). The results of the meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, TCMD could significantly improve palpitation (MD = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.55–1.01,

P
<
0.00001

), chest tightness/chest pain (MD = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.10–0.97,

P
<
0.05

), shortness of breath (MD = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.26–0.93,

P
=
0.0005

), and TCM syndrome score (MD = 5.91, 95% CI = 4.32–7.49,

P
<
0.00001

), reduce resting heart rate (MD = 13.21, 95% CI = 9.01–17.40,

P
<
0.00001

), and could reduce psychological scale scores, such as Zung’s self-rating Depression Scale (MD = 7.90, 95% CI = 4.98–10.83,

P
<
0.00001

), Zung’s self-rating Anxiety Scale (MD = 6.55, 95% CI = 4.25–8.86,

P
<
0.00001

), Hamilton Depression Scale (MD = 4.46, 95% CI = 3.00–5.92,

P
<
0.00001

), and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (MD = 3.35, 95% CI = 1.85–4.85,

P
<
0.0001

). The differences were statistically significant. Tonic drugs were commonly used; Angelica sinensis, Poria cocos, Polygala tenuifolia, Wild jujube kernel, and Bupleurum were the most frequently used traditional Chinese medicines. Conclusion. TCMD mainly composed of tonic and tranquilizing herbs could significantly improve the clinical symptoms of patients with CN and reduce heart rate, anxiety, and depression scores. However, the evidence grade of the clinical research was limited by the quality of the included literature, and more high-quality clinical trials are still needed for further verification. This trial was registered with PROSPERO: CRD42022312164
Bacteriological Quality of Table Eggs in Moroccan Formal and Informal Sector
Authors: El Ftouhy Fatima Zahra , Nassik Saâdia , Nacer Sabrine , Kadiri Ahlam , Charrat Nadia , Attrassi Kawtar , Fagrach Asma , Bahir Mohammed Amine , Derqaoui Sophia , Hmyene Abdelaziz
Published: September 2022

Eggs constitute an important part of the Moroccan diet. However, contaminated eggs can cause a serious public health problem if consumed undercooked, uncooked, or used in unpasteurized egg foodstuffs. This study was carried out to evaluate the microbial contents of eggs according to their sales sector in Morocco. For that, a total of 1770 eggs were collected from January to September 2021 from formal markets (refrigerated eggs from large shopping centers) and informal markets (eggs at ambient temperature from ambulatory sellers, street vendors, kiosks, and neighborhood stores) and transferred to the Avian Pathology Unit at Hassan II Agronomic and Veterinary Institute. The eggshells and their contents were tested separately; swabs of eggshells were used to inoculate Mac-Conkey agar, while the egg contents were cultured on Mac-Conkey and Mannitol salt agar, then standard microbiological tests were performed to identify the isolated organisms. The results showed that informal eggs were more contaminated (87%) than formal eggs (48) (

p
<
0.05

). The bacteria isolated from the eggshells (informal and formal) were Enterobacter agglomerans (59% and 21%), Klebsiella spp. (24% and 4%), Enterobacter cloacae (17% and 8%), E. coli (9% and 1%), Serratia spp. (9% and1%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9% and 1%), Shigella spp. (5% and 0%), Salmonella enteritidis (0% and 2%), Proteus spp. (4% and 0%), Enterobacter sakazakii (2% and 0%), Rahnella aquatilis (1% and 0%), and Staphylococcus aureus (0% and 1%). For the egg-contents, the detected bacteria (informal and formal) were Enterobacter agglomerans (14% and 28%), Klebsiella spp. (7% and 6%), Staphylococcus aureus (6% and 1%), Enterobacter cloacae (4% and 4%), E. coli (4%, 1%), Shigella spp. (4%, 0%), Acinetobacter baumannii (3% and 1%), Salmonella enteritidis (2% and 0%), Serratia spp. (1% and 6%), Proteus spp. (1% and 3%), and Enterobacter sakazakii (1% and 0%). We conclude that eggs might be contaminated with several bacteria and can constitute a public health threat in Morocco.
The Association between Allergic Rhinitis and COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xu Cong , Zhao He , Song Yuwan , Zhou Jiamin , Wu Ting , Qiu Jingjing , Wang Junxin , Song Xicheng , Sun Yan
Published: September 2022

Objective. Previous studies have yielded conflicting results regarding the association of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with allergic rhinitis (AR). Data on AR prevalence in COVID-19 patients are limited. Consequently, whether AR is a harmful or protective factor for COVID-19 patients remains controversial. Therefore, we analyzed the relationship between COVID-19 and AR. Methods. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases for studies published between January 1, 2020 and January 11, 2022. We included studies reporting the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and its incidence in patients with AR. We excluded letters, case reports, literature review articles, non-English language article, and non-full-text articles. The raw data from these studies were pooled into a meta-analysis. Results. We analyzed the results of nine studies. The prevalence of AR in patients with COVID-19 was 0.13 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04–0.25), with an overall I2 of 99.77%,

P
=
0.24

. COVID-19 patients with AR are less prone to severe disease (odds ratio [OR] = 0.79, 95% CI, 0.52–1.18,

P
=
0.25

) and hospitalization (OR = 0.23, 95%CI, 0.02–2.67,

P
≤
0.0001

) than patients without AR. Conclusion. Our data suggest that allergic rhinitis is a protective factor in patients with COVID-19.
Parameter-Free Improved Best-Worst Optimizers and Their Application for Simultaneous Distributed Generation and Shunt Capacitors Allocation in Distribution Networks
Authors: Leghari Zohaib Hussain , Hussain Saddam , Memon Ahsanullah , Memon Abdul Hakeem , Baloch Ashfaque Ahmed
Published: September 2022

This paper proposes parameter-free two best-worst optimizers (BWOs) that combine the searching capabilities of Jaya and Rao-1 algorithms to intensify their exploration and exploitation capabilities. For the proposed first optimizer, BWO-1, parallel taxonomy has been adopted for the Jaya and Rao-1 combination to obtain dual sets of updated solutions for a given current solution set. For the proposed second optimizer, BWO-2, along with the parallel taxonomy, a subloop of random scaling factors has been introduced in the solution updating mechanism of both standard Jaya and Rao-1 algorithms to generate multiple sets of updated solutions in a single iteration. The best solutions from obtained multiple solution-sets will survive only and lead to the next iteration. Hence, the proposed solution updating mechanisms for BWO-1 and BWO-2 increase the probability of getting a quality solution under set conditions. The ability and scalability of BWO-1 and BWO-2 were assessed, solving the optimization problem of power loss reduction and voltage deviation minimization in the IEEE 33-bus and 69-bus test systems. The results show that the BWO-2 exhibited a lead of 2.97%, 1.83%, and 0.72% over the Rao-1, Jaya, and BWO-1 techniques, respectively. Besides, the BWO-2 achieves up to 38.76% more reduction in power losses against the existing standard, improved, and hybrid optimization techniques.
E3 Ubiquitin Ligases: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Skeletal Pathology and Degeneration
Authors: Zeng Ruiyin , Xiong Yuan , Lin Ze , Panayi Adriana C. , Sun Yun , Cao Faqi , Liu Guohui
Published: September 2022

The ubiquitination-proteasome system (UPS) is crucial in regulating a variety of cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Ubiquitin protein ligase E3 is the most critical molecule in the UPS system. Dysregulation of the UPS system is associated with many conditions. Over the past few decades, there have been an increasing number of studies focusing on the UPS system and how it affects bone metabolism. Multiple E3 ubiquitin ligases have been found to mediate osteogenesis or osteolysis through a variety of pathways. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of UPS, especially E3 ubiquitin ligases on bone metabolism. To date, many E3 ubiquitin ligases have been found to regulate osteogenesis or osteoclast differentiation. We review the classification of these E3 enzymes and the mechanisms that influence upstream and downstream molecules and transduction pathways. Finally, this paper reviews the discovery of the relevant UPS inhibitors, drug molecules, and noncoding RNAs so far and prospects the future research and treatment.
miR-602 Activates NRF2 Antioxidant Pathways to Protect HBMECs from OGD/R-Induced Oxidative Stress via Targeting KEAP1 and HRD1
Authors: Ma Chunli , Yang Lei , Gao Qiang , Wang Lihua
Published: September 2022

Blood brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is a critical complication of diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM), and the oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) is a main cause of BBB dysfunction. In this study, oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) models were established with HBMECs to analyze the effects of miR-602 on the apoptosis of HMBECs. Western Blot, qRT-PCR, CCK-8, flow cytometry assay, ROS detection assay, and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay were used to measure the expression levels of corresponding factors and changes in intracellular environment. The results showed that miR-602 was overexpressed in HBMECs after OGD/R treatment, and miR-602 could reduce ROS level of OGD/R-induced HBMECs and promote cells survival via increasing the expression level of NRF2 and the transcription activity of NRF2/ARE. Besides, it was found that KEAP1 and HRD1 were downstream factors of miR-602, and the increase of both KEAP1 and HRD1 could reverse the effects of miR-602 on the OGD/R-induced HMBECs. Therefore, miR-602 may be a potential target for research and treatment of the oxidative stress injury induced by apoptosis in HMBECs.
SACS-ABE&B: Supervised Access Control Scheme Based on Attribute-Based Encryption and Blockchain
Authors: Kaiyang Guo , Yiliang Han , Riming Wu , Kai Liu
Published: September 2022

Aiming at the problem of illegal data sharing of malicious users in the access control scheme based on attribute-based encryption, an access control scheme that can restrict the sending ability of data owners is proposed. By adding a sanitizer to sanitize the ciphertext, it can ensure that parties who do not adhere to the system control policy cannot share information effectively. The scheme is constructed based on blockchain, and the traceability of access process can be realized. Off-chain storage can also lower the blockchain storage load. The scheme meets the No-Read and No-Write rules, achieves chosen-plaintext attack security under the random oracle model, and can against quantum attacks. As a result of theoretical analysis and experimental simulation, the scheme has certain feasibility and practical significance.
A Rapid Temporal Bone Localization Method Based on Machine Visual Detection Markers
Authors: Jian-jun Li , Jian-ye Zhuo , Yue Wu , Zuo Wang , Zhen Yao , Huan Jia , Zhao-yan Wang , Ying Chen , Dao-min Zhou , Ming-zhou Yu
Published: September 2022

The number of hearing-impaired people is increasing year by year; robotic cochlear drilling surgery is one of the safest methods to treat deafness. Looking at the issue of low efficiency of temporal bone posture positioning in cochlear implantation robotic drilling, a novel auxiliary ring marker temporal bone positioning method was proposed to improve temporal bone posture positioning efficiency, optimize the operation time, and reduce auxiliary injuries caused by the surgery. First, the temporal bone visual positioning assistant ring was designed based on the requirements for cochlear robotic drilling surgery. The target detection was conducted on the auxiliary ring and image processing and feature point extraction methods were designed. Then, the three-dimensional coordinates of the measured feature points were obtained by binocular vision, and the auxiliary ring and temporal bone postures were estimated. Finally, the auxiliary ring and temporal bone localization methods were validated. The experiment results indicated that the temporal bone was located quickly and effectively in a total time of about 33 ms, which was faster and more accurate than traditional visual localization methods and could satisfy real-time temporal bone localization during surgery. This study can reduce the time of temporal bone visual positioning in cochlear implant drilling operations, greatly improving the robot’s capabilities to extract visual information during the operation, which has a better auxiliary role for future research and applications of the cochlear implant drilling operation.
Intelligent Image Analysis and Recognition Method for Art Design Majors
Authors: An Guoqiang
Published: September 2022

Art design major is a relatively important course in college teaching. It involves a wide range of directions. Advertising art, landscape art, interior design, etc. are closely related to people’s lives. Art design has appeared in all aspects of people’s lives. However, a new art design program is time-consuming and human resources for art design. Different art designs will contain relatively similar characteristics, which can alleviate many difficulties for art designers. However, it is also a relatively difficult task to discover the relationship between the characteristics of the art and design only by artificial means. Image recognition technology can assist designers to discover and find the relationship between artworks, and these related features can assist designers to design. In this study, an intelligent image recognition method for intelligent art design is designed using the VB-CNN-GRU method. It can identify patterns, shapes, color matching, and text features of artistic design products. The research results show that the VB-CNN-GRU method can accurately complete the intelligent image recognition task of art design major. The VB-CNN-GRU method has specifically higher accuracy in art design image recognition than the single VB-CNN method. The maximum prediction error of VB-CNN-GRU in art design image recognition is only 2.37%. For the four characteristics of art design, it can better assist designers to complete related designs.
Progression in Time of Dentate Gyrus Granule Cell Layer Widening due to Excitotoxicity Occurs along In Vivo LTP Reinstatement and Contextual Fear Memory Recovery
Authors: Hernández Mercado Karina , Martínez Moreno Araceli , Rodríguez Durán Luis Francisco , Escobar Martha L. , Zepeda Angélica
Published: September 2022

The dentate gyrus (DG) is the gateway of sensory information arriving from the perforant pathway (PP) to the hippocampus. The adequate integration of incoming information into the DG is paramount in the execution of hippocampal-dependent cognitive functions. An abnormal DG granule cell layer (GCL) widening due to granule cell dispersion has been reported under hyperexcitation conditions in animal models as well as in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, but also in patients with no apparent relation to epilepsy. Strikingly, it is unclear whether the presence and severity of GCL widening along time affect synaptic processing arising from the PP and alter the performance in hippocampal-mediated behaviors. To evaluate the above, we injected excitotoxic kainic acid (KA) unilaterally into the DG of mice and analyzed the evolution of GCL widening at 10 and 30 days post injection (dpi), while analyzing if KA-induced GCL widening affected in vivo long-term potentiation (LTP) in the PP-DG pathway, as well as the performance in learning and memory through contextual fear conditioning. Our results show that at 10 dpi, when a subtle GCL widening was observed, LTP induction, as well as contextual fear memory, were impaired. However, at 30 dpi when a pronounced increase in GCL widening was found, LTP induction and contextual fear memory were already reestablished. These results highlight the plastic potential of the DG to recover some of its functions despite a major structural alteration such as abnormal GCL widening.
Optimal Omnichannel Development Strategy in O2O Supply Chain under the Impact of Webrooming
Authors: Bai Shizhen , Jiang Mei
Published: September 2022

This study analyzes how webrooming affects the O2O supply chain of an e-tailer and a brick-and-mortar store. Two types of brick-and-mortar stores are considered: self-owned and franchised. We first determine via game theory the optimal pricing and service decisions for the e-tailer and brick-and-mortar store when prices are uniform or nonuniform online and offline. The results indicate that webrooming benefits both the e-tailer and brick-and-mortar store when prices are nonuniform. For self-owned stores, the online market share and consumer traveling costs weaken the positive webrooming effect on the e-tailer’s profit when the price is nonuniform. For the franchised store, webrooming weakens the positive role of online market share and reinforces the negative effect of traveling costs for the e-tailer. The positive effect of webrooming on franchised stores in the case of nonuniform pricing is more significant than in the case of uniform pricing when online market share or traveling costs are lower. These results have important implications for management and should help e-tailers develop an omnichannel strategy.
User Experience Perspectives on the Application of Interactivity Design Based on Sensor Networks in Digital Museum Product Display
Authors: Zhang Jingqiu
Published: September 2022

This paper designs a model of interactivity design in digital museum product display, constructs a sensor network model, and tests the sensor network-based interactivity design in digital museum product display under the perspective of user experience. This paper makes a museum user experience model based on sensory, behavioral, cognitive, and emotional experiences; establishes a user experience design framework; conducts specific theoretical analysis and research from four aspects; uncovers specific factors affecting museum user experience; analyzes the impact of each experience factor on user system design and possible design entry points; and proposes corresponding user system design strategies to guide subsequent design practice sessions. This paper also completes the hardware circuit and PCB board design of the wireless sensing node based on the CC2430 chip as the core. Tomcat WEB server and J2EE-based Spring MVC Web development framework are used as the leading implementation technology to complete the functions of real-time data query, network parameter setting, and historical data storage. The ideographic practice of visual representation of the digital museum is discussed around its optical system. Knowledge-based model dominates the digital museum representation, and examining the complex constitutive processes and characteristics of images involves not only the production of discursive order but also the production of presentation contexts as well as virtual spaces, which construct a new visual presentation of digital museums. However, the virtual representation practice of digital museums still has paradoxes, the absence of the sense of experience and the flatness of the virtual space, in which the audience cannot have a visual experience under this presentation.
hsa_circ_0003176 Suppresses the Progression of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer via Regulating miR-182-5p/RBM5 Axis
Authors: Yang Fangfang , Pei YanLi , Xu Wei , Rong Lei
Published: September 2022

Background. Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the major diseases that threaten human health, and there is still no fundamental treatment method. Emerging evidences suggested that circRNAs might be an effective target to treatment NSCLC. However, the roles and detailed mechanisms of hsa_circ_0003176 in NSCLC still not clear. Methods. hsa_circ_0003176 was identified from GSE101684 and GSE112214 datasets of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The expression of hsa_circ_0003176 was detected by RT-qPCR in NSCLC tissues, paired adjacent nontumor tissues, and cell lines. RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization and nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA fractionation analysis was used to detect the subcellular localization of hsa_circ_0003176 in H1299 and A549 cells. Dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assay were used to confirm the regulatory of miR-182-5p to hsa_circ_0003176 and RBM5. The roles of hsa_circ_0003176 in NSCLC progression was evaluated both in vitro by CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, wound-healing assay, and matrigel transwell assay and in vivo by the subcutaneous xenograft nude mouse experiment and lung metastasis nude mouse experiment. In addition, RNA pull down and luciferase reporter assays were carried out to investigate the interaction between hsa_circ_0003176 or RBM5 and miR-182-5p. Results. Our results indicated that hsa_circ_0003176 showed typical characteristic of circRNAs, which was downregulated in both NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Functionally, overexpression of hsa_circ_0003176 suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells in vitro and inhibited NSCLC growth and metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, we found that hsa_circ_0003176 acts as sponge of miR-182-5p to regulate RBM5 expression. Further, in vitro rescue experiments demonstrated that hsa_circ_0003176 suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells by regulating miR-182-5p/RBM5 axis. Conclusion. We demonstrated that hsa_circ_0003176 suppressed the NSCLC progression via regulating miR-182-5p/RBM5 axis. These data indicated that hsa_circ_0003176 might be a novel molecular target for NSCLC treatment.
PID‐MPC Implementation on a Chiller‐Fan Coil Unit
Authors: Sanama C. , Xia X. , Nguepnang M.
Published: September 2022

A proportional, integral, and derivative‐model predictive controller (PID‐MPC) is implemented to enhance the performance of a chiller‐fan coil unit with regards to temperature, humidity, and CO2 level control. The sublayer PID is implemented for outdoor air processing to level out fresh and room air temperatures. Precooled outdoor air prevents from imbalanced loads due to fresh air intake that could delay set point tracking and increase the compressor and supply fan speeds. The upper layer MPC is implemented to control temperature, humidity and CO2 level simultaneously. The coupling effect between temperature and humidity is considered, whilst an optimal control action is determined. The MPC is also implemented to withstand disturbances. The PID performance was satisfactory in terms of settling time and maximum overshoot. The MPC performance was satisfactory in terms of set point tracking and disturbance rejection.
Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles in A549 and BEAS‐2B Cell Lines
Authors: Muhamad Musthahimah , Ab.Rahim Nurhidayah , Wan Omar Wan Adnan , Nik Mohamed Kamal Nik Nur Syazni
Published: September 2022

Introduction. Biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs‐GA) were successfully synthesised using Garcinia atroviridis leaf extract as a reducing agent, which has ethnopharmacological claims against various diseases including cancer. Aim of the Study. Aim of the study is to discover whether AgNPs‐GA has cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on cancerous (A549) and noncancerous (BEAS‐2B) human lung cells. Materials and Methods. The cytotoxicity profiles of AgNPs‐GA were characterized by MTT assay, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, and DAPI and AOPI double staining, whilst genotoxicity was assessed using Comet Assay analysis. The level of silver ions (Ag+) and cellular uptake of AgNPs‐GA were evaluated by ICP‐OES and TEM analyses, respectively. Results. A significant cytotoxic effect was observed by AgNPs‐GA on both A549 and BEAS‐2B cell lines, with IC50 values of 20–28 μg/ml and 12–35 μg/ml, respectively. The cytotoxicity profile of AgNPs‐GA was also accompanied by a pronounced increase in ROS production, DNA damage, and apoptosis. Moreover, Ag+ was also detected in cells exposed to AgNPs‐GA threefold higher compared to controls. In this study, AgNPs‐GA were endocytosed within lysosomes, which may direct to secondary toxicity effects including oxidative stress, impairment of the cell membrane, DNA fragmentation, and cell death. Conclusions. Taken together, novel toxicological‐related mechanisms by AgNPs‐GA were proposed involving the generation of ROS that causes DNA damage which led to programmed cell death in both A549 and BEAS‐2B cells. Therefore, a combination of scientific assessments is constantly needed to ensure that the quality of biosynthesized nanoparticles is controlled and their safe development is promoted.
Evaluation of Private Enterprises Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Meng Lingyan , Zhang Bingtao
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we conduct an in-depth research on the corresponding enterprises, combined with some problems existing in the process of data processing and use. We establish a deep learning model on the extensive collection and comprehensive investigation of the research results of domestic and foreign enterprises in all aspects of the process of data processing and use, and determine the research directions. Firstly, in view of the increasing complexity and dimension of enterprise data, and the difficulties of enterprise data application, this paper studies the related data preprocessing methods. Secondly, aiming at the problems of enterprise cost control and customer relationship management, this paper studies the prediction based on enterprise data through the analysis of practical problems and the processing of corresponding data. Finally, in order to progress and advance the efficiency and scientific usefulness of enterprise management, we in this paper study the evaluation based on enterprise data. The model is verified through simulations and compared with several models i.e. cross hybrid and sequential hybrid models. Using certain assumptions, the attained outcomes confirm that the accuracy of the deep learning structure of the single model is sophisticated and greater than that of the cross hybrid model, but lower than that of the sequential hybrid model.
Nutritional Quality and Assessment of Contaminants in Farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) of Different Origins
Authors: Pohořelá Barbora , Gramblička Tomáš , Doležal Marek , Dvořáková Darina , Pulkrabová Jana , Kouřimská Lenka , Ilko Vojtech , Pánek Jan
Published: September 2022

Atlantic salmon represents an important source of valuable proteins and lipids rich in n-3 fatty acids and micronutrients. However, there are reports that these marine fish still contain contaminants at levels that raise health concerns. Although the Stockholm Convention already bans some compounds, they can still be detected because of their persistence. The present study reports nutritional parameters and the occurrence of persistent and bioaccumulative chemicals in the tissues of fifty-five salmon from several major farming areas. The protein content of all samples was almost identical, averaging to 19.2% w/w, while lipids averaged 14.9% w/w. Fish from Chilean farms contained 6.0% less fat and a lower level of vitamin E than from other sources, that is, 2.2 mg per 100 g (w/w). Fish from Scottish farms contained higher levels of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid. Halogenated contaminants from polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorinated pesticides, brominated flame retardants, and perfluoroalkylated and polyfluoroalkylated substances were measured, and generally, they were found to be at very low concentrations that did not exceed the legislation limits applicable in the European Union. These results showed that the compositional differences between Atlantic salmon from several important farming areas were only minor, but some significant differences were demonstrated in total fat content and fatty acid profiles.
Interaction Study of Oxygen and Iron-Sulfur Clusters Based on the Density Functional Theory
Authors: Gao Jiancun , Sui Hongbin , Wu Siyuan , Zhang Renyou , Zhang Mengxin , Cui Bolun , Chu Huilin
Published: September 2022

For the petrochemical industry, the spontaneous burning of iron sulfide compounds has been a major issue. In this study, XRD characterization of samples of iron sulfide compounds with spontaneous combustion tendency revealed that amorphous FeS was the primary constituent of the samples. A molecular simulation was used to build an amorphous FeS cluster model, and the density functional theory was used to examine the adsorption and reactivity characteristics of Fe4S4 clusters with O2. Different adsorption structures are generated by considering different adsorption sites and the electronic characteristics of each adsorption structure are evaluated. The results show that O2 prefers to adsorb around Fe atoms and has repulsion with S atoms, and the adsorption energy is maximum when two O atoms are co-adsorbed around Fe atoms, which is 198.13 kJ/mol. After adsorption charge, oxygen is in the superoxide state. The calculation of the reaction path divides the reaction process into different stages and considers different reaction routes. A thorough evaluation of the energy barriers and reaction energies of the two exothermic reactions leads to the conclusion that reaction path 1 is the optimal reaction path, and the reaction can release a total of 582.76 kJ/mol of heat. According to calculations, dimeric sulfur S2 must absorb a large part amount of energy in order to conduct the oxidation process. However, because S2 is present in the Fe4S4 reaction system, it may start the oxidation reaction by absorbing heat from the system and releasing 470.94 kJ/mol of heat. As a result, we conclude that this spontaneous exothermic reaction is a major cause of iron sulfide compounds spontaneous combustion. The thermal oxidation of the dimeric sulfur S2 generated in the reaction system releases heat that aggregates with the heat from the Fe4S4 cluster’s oxidation reaction system, eventually causing spontaneous combustion as a result of the heat’s continual buildup. In this study, we explore the reason for the extremely easy oxidation and spontaneous burning of iron sulfide compounds from a microscopic perspective to provide a theoretical foundation for the prevention and control of iron sulfide compound spontaneous combustion in the petrochemical sector.
Potentials of Natural Preservatives to Enhance Food Safety and Shelf Life: A Review
Authors: Teshome Ejigayehu , Forsido Sirawdink Fikreyesus , Rupasinghe H. P. Vasantha , Olika Keyata Ebisa
Published: September 2022

Food-borne illnesses are a significant concern for consumers, the food industry, and food safety authorities. Natural preservatives are very crucial for enhancing food safety and shelf life. Therefore, this review aimed to assess the literature regarding the potential of natural preservatives to enhance food safety and extend the shelf life of food products. The review paper indicated that natural antimicrobial agents that inhibit bacterial and fungal growth for better quality and shelf life have been of considerable interest in recent years. Natural antimicrobials are mainly extracted and isolated as secondary metabolites of plants, animals, and microorganisms. Plants, especially herbs and spices, are given more attention as a source of natural antimicrobials. Microorganisms used in food fermentation also produce different antimicrobial metabolites, including organic acids, hydrogen peroxide, and diacetyl, in addition to bacteriocins. Products of animal origin, such as tissues and milk, contain different antimicrobial agents. Natural antimicrobials are primarily extracted and purified before utilization for food product development. The extraction condition and purification of natural preservatives may change their structure and affect their functionality. Selecting the best extraction method coupled with minimal processing such as direct mechanical extraction seems to preserve active ingredients. The activity of natural antimicrobials could also be influenced by the source, time of harvesting, and stage of development. The effectiveness of natural antimicrobial compounds in food applications is affected by different factors, including food composition, processing method, and storage conditions. Natural antimicrobials are safe because they can limit microbial resistance and meet consumers’ demands for healthier foods.
Robotic Spleen-Preserving Distal Pancreatectomy with Preservation of Splenic Vessels Using the Gastrohepatic Ligament Approach: The Superior Window Approach in the Kimura Technique
Authors: Takagi Kosei , Yoshida Ryuichi , Umeda Yuzo , Fuji Tomokazu , Yasui Kazuya , Yagi Takahito , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi
Published: September 2022

Minimally invasive spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy (SPDP) is technically challenging, and only a few reports have described surgical approaches for minimally invasive SPDP. This report demonstrates our novel gastrohepatic ligament approach in robotic SPDP with preservation of the splenic vessels (the superior window approach in the Kimura technique). Our gastrohepatic ligament approach for robotic SPDP included four steps. First, the gastrohepatic ligament was divided extensively, and the pancreas was confirmed (step 1). In this step, we did not lift the stomach, nor did we divide the gastrocolic ligament. Next, the superior and inferior borders of the pancreas were dissected, and the tunneling of the pancreas on the superior mesenteric vein was performed (step 2). Following the division of the pancreas (step 3), the pancreatic body and tail were dissected from the medial to the lateral side with preservation of the splenic vessels (step 4). Using this approach, the pancreas can be directly accessed via the gastrohepatic ligament route and dissected without division of the gastrocolic ligament or retraction of the stomach. The present approach for robotic SPDP preserves splenic vessels, facilitating easy access to the pancreas with minimal dissection, and may be optional in selected patients, including those with low body mass index.
Cultural Heritage and Human Rights
Authors: Francioni Francesco
Published: September 2022

The safeguarding of cultural heritage and the protection of human rights constitute separate branches of international law, with different origins and different historical development. However, the far- reaching development of international cultural heritage law in the past half century has progressively infiltrated the field of human rights, developing what we may call ‘the human dimension of cultural heritage’. This article reconstructs the process of mutual influence of these two branches of international law by way of an analysis of the most representative sectors on international cultural heritage law, including protection of cultural property in war time, restitution and return of stolen and illegally exported cultural objects, the protection of cultural heritage of outstanding universal value (‘world heritage’), and the safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage and of cultural diversity. At a time when armed bands and terrorists deliberately destroy cultural property of great importance for humanity and angry crowds demolish monuments memorializing controversial figures of the past, connecting human rights and cultural heritage becomes an ever more necessary condition for a dialogue among the peoples and, in the end, the foundation for international peace and security.
Three Decades of CEDAW Committee General Recommendations
Authors: Vijeyarasa Ramona
Published: September 2022

The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) is the most prominent, although not flawless, women’s rights treaty. Yet, the slow, haltered or even backward steps we have witnessed with regard to gender equality beg the question, what role can cedaw play in delivering a more transformative set of gender-responsive laws at the domestic level? This article is centred on the two-fold goal of stronger domestication of women’s rights norms and the provision of more systematic standards to enhance treaty body reporting. With these goals in mind, this article offers the results of a structured analysis of the CEDAW Committee’s 38 General Recommendations issued between 1986 and 2020, in order to establish a roadmap for the enactment of gender-responsive domestic laws and policies grounded in women’s rights norms. Seven core demands or ‘criteria’ emerge and serve to guide States Parties towards achieving gender-responsive legal and policy reform. At a key juncture in CEDAW’S history and at a moment when, in the eyes of some, international human rights treaties may prove inadequate to manage today’s threats to fundamental human rights, these seven priorities not only provide a viable, scalable and evidence-based roadmap to inform the enactment of gender-responsive domestic laws but they also create a basis for enhanced reporting to and compliance with CEDAW.
Never Let a Good Crisis Go to Waste: Labor Organizing During covid-19
Authors: Schirmer Eleni , Tarlau Rebecca
Published: September 2022

This article explores how crises become opportunities. Through a study of a progressive teachers’ union caucus in New York City during the emergence of covid-19, this piece examines how organizations convert crises into opportunities for political growth. Drawing on sociological theories of political articulation and crisis, this article explores the role of union caucuses to foment political change. We argue that crises become politically significant according to how organizations use events to catalyze competing political narratives to drive new political formations. We examine how union caucuses engage in this work. Using ethnographic methods of participant observation and interviews, our study finds that caucuses with established visions, internal organizational structure, and moral legitimacy are better able to take advantage of crises. These conditions allow caucuses to exercise power, not just petition for it. We conclude that the existence of organizational infrastructure and ideological coherence enables a group to convert crises into opportunities.
An Exploratory Analysis of TED Talks in English and Lithuanian, Portuguese and Turkish Translations
Authors: Zeyrek Deniz , Mendes Amália , Oleškevičienė Giedrė Valūnaitė , Özer Sibel
Published: September 2022

This paper contributes to the question of how discourse relations are realised in TED talks. Drawing on an annotated, multilingual discourse corpus of TED talk transcripts, we examine discourse relations in English and Lithuanian, Portuguese and Turkish translations by concentrating on three aspects: the degree of explicitness in discourse relations, the extent to which explicit and implicit relations are encoded inter- or intra-sententially, and whether top-level discourse relation senses employed in English differ in the target languages. The study shows that while the target languages differ from English in the first two dimensions, they do not display considerable differences in the third dimension. The paper thus reveals variations in the realisation of discourse relations in translated transcripts of a spoken genre in three languages and offers some methodological insights for dealing with the issues surrounding discourse relations.
Convoluted maxillary stylets among Australian Thysanoptera Phlaeothripinae associated mainly with Casuarinaceae trees
Authors: MOUND LAURENCE A. , TREE DESLEY J. , WELLS ALICE
Published: September 2022

The diversity is reviewed of Phlaeothripinae in Australia with unusually long or convoluted maxillary stylets. This comprises a total of 28 species in eight genera, including Enigmathrips carnarvoni gen et sp.n., Adrothrips latrarei sp.n., A. lihongae sp.n., A. madiae sp.n., A mitcheli sp.n., A. vernoni sp.n., and A. westoni sp.n., also Heligmothrips exallus sp.n., H. macropus sp.n., H. narrabri sp.n. and H. xanthoskelus sp.n., and Iotatubothrips daguilari sp.n. Among Phlaeothripinae, such exceptionally long feeding stylets are known only from Australia and have evolved independently within the unrelated genera Adrothrips and Heligmothrips in association with the green branchlets of Casuarinaceae species. A few species appear to have diverged in their feeding habits and have adapted to fungal-hyphal feeding on the trunks of trees.
Competition Law Enforcement in Digital Markets: The Brazilian Perspective on Unilateral Conducts
Authors: Pereira Neto Caio Mário S. , Pastore Ricardo Ferreira , Paixão Raíssa
Published: September 2022

Following an international trend, Brazil’s National Competition Authority (NCA), the Administrative Council for Economic Defense (CADE), has been devoting more attention to potential anticompetitive conducts in the digital economy. This article discusses a set of cases involving unilateral conducts in the digital economy, assessing CADE’s decision-making practice, enforcement challenges, and tools used. Building from CADE’s case law, we single out some relevant aspects of the Brazilian experience, including (1) the cautious approach taken by CADE when evaluating effects of unilateral conducts in final decisions, (2) the use of interim measures to intervene in early stages of investigations, and (3) the use of settlements to reach quick solutions with negotiated remedies. A brief conclusion discusses possible future trends given the experience discussed in the article.
It’s Mine, . . . It’s Mine: Unsolicited Repetitions Are Reduced in Toddlers
Authors: Tendera Anna , Rispoli Matthew , Sethilselvan Ambikaipakan , Chon Heecheong , Loucks Torrey M.
Published: September 2022

A phenomenon called “repetition reduction” can increase articulation rate in adults by facilitating phonetic and motor processes, which indicates flexibility in the control of articulation rate. Young children, who speak much slower, may not have the same speech motor flexibility resulting in the absence of the repetition reduction effect. In this study, we tested whether spontaneous repetitions of young children are produced with a faster articulation rate than their original utterances. Twelve monolingual English-speaking children were observed at four time points between 2;0 and 3;0 years of age. A significant increase in articulation rate and syllable count was found using multilevel models for all utterances over the 1-year period. At each time point, however, the repeated utterances were produced significantly faster than the original utterances even though the content and syllable count differed minimally. Our findings conform to the pattern of adult studies suggesting that a “naturistic” form of repetition reduction is already present in the speech of children at 2;0 years. Although certain aspects of speech motor control are undergoing rapid development, existing motor capability at 2;0 already supports flexible changes in articulation rate including repetition reduction.