bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory Effects of Diclofenac on Steroid Glucuronidation in Vivo Do not Affect Hair-Based Doping Tests for Stanozolol
Authors: Zachár Gergely , Deshmukh Nawed I. K. , Petróczi Andrea , Székely Andrea D. , Shah Iltaf , Barker James , Naughton Declan P.
Published: May 2017

In vitro studies show that diclofenac inhibits enzymatic steroid glucuronidation. This study was designed to investigate the influence of diclofenac on the excretion of stanozolol and 3'-hydroxystanozolol via analyses in hair, blood and urine in vivo in a rat study. Brown Norway rats were administered with stanozolol (weeks 1-3) and diclofenac (weeks 1-6). Weekly assessment of steroid levels in hair was complemented with spot urine and serum tests. Levels of both stanozolol and 3'-hydroxystanozolol steadily increased in hair during stanozolol treatment and decreased post-treatment, but remained readily detectable for 6 weeks. In contrast, compared to control rats, diclofenac significantly reduced urinary excretion of 3’-hydroxystanozolol which was undetectable in most samples. This is the first report of diclofenac altering steroid metabolism in vivo, detrimentally affecting detection in urine, but not in hair which holds considerable advantages over urinalysis for anti-doping tests.
Time-Correlated Vortex Tunneling in Layered Superconductors
Authors: Miller Jr. John H. , Villagrán Martha Y. S.
Published: May 2017

The nucleation and dynamics of Josephson and Abrikosov vortices determine the critical currents of layered high-Tc superconducting (HTS) thin films, grain boundaries, and coated conductors, so understanding their mechanisms is of crucial importance. Here we treat pair creation of Josephson and Abrikosov vortices in layered superconductors as a secondary Josephson effect, in which each full vortex is viewed as a composite fluid of micro-vortices, such as pancake vortices, which tunnel coherently via a tunneling matrix element. We introduce a two-terminal magnetic (Weber) blockade effect that blocks tunneling below a threshold current, and simulate time-correlated vortex tunneling above threshold. The model shows nearly precise agreement with voltage-current (V-I) characteristics of HTS cuprate grain boundary junctions, which becomes more concave rounded as temperature decreases, and also explains the piecewise linear V-I behavior observed in iron-pnictide bicrystal junctions and other HTS devices. When applied to either Abrikosov or Josephson pair creation, the model explains a plateau seen in plots of critical current vs. thickness of HTS coated conductors. The observed correlation between theory and experiment strongly supports the proposed quantum picture of vortex nucleation and dynamics in layered superconductors.
Fatigue Behavior of the Rare Earth Rich EV31A Mg Alloy: Influence of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation
Authors: Ceschini Lorella , Morri Alessandro , Angelini Valerio , Messieri Simone
Published: May 2017

Rare earth rich magnesium alloys are used in aerospace and automotive fields because of their high specific strength and good castability. However, due to their low corrosion resistance, protective surface treatments, such as conversion coating or electroless plating are necessary, when they have to be used in humid or corrosive environments. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) and different surface roughness  (Ra≈0.8 μm and Ra≈0.3 μm) on the rotating bending fatigue of an innovative Mg alloy, with a high content of Nd (up to 3.1 wt%) and Gd (up to 1.7 wt %). Fatigue tests revealed a 15% decrease in the fatigue strength of the PEO treated alloy (fatigue strength = 88 MPa) with respect to the bare alloy (fatigue strength = 103 MPa). The reduction of fatigue strength was mainly due to the residual tensile stresses induced by the PEO treatment. The effect of surface roughness on the bare alloy was, instead, negligible. The mechanisms of crack initiation were similar in the untreated and PEO treated alloy, with crack nucleation sites located in correspondence of large facets of the cleavage planes.
Application of a Composite Model in the Analysis of Creep Deformation at Low and Intermediate Temperatures
Authors: Yang Xinjun , Ling Xiang
Published: May 2017

The creep behaviors of TA2 and R60702 at low and intermediate temperature were presented and discussed in this paper. Experimental results indicated that an apparent threshold stress exhibited in the creep deformation of R60702. Meanwhile, the primary creep phase was found as the main pattern in the room temperature creep behavior of TA2. Compared with exponential law, the power law has been proved to be a proper constitutive model in the description of primary creep phase. It also showed that θ projection method had its significant advantage in the evaluation of accelerated creep stage. Thus, a composite model which combined power law with θ projection method was applied in the creep curves evaluation at low and intermediate temperature. Based on the multiaxial creep deformation results, the model was modified and discussed. A linear relationship existed between composite model parameters and applied load. Finally, the creep life could be accurately predicted and the composite model method is suitable for application in low and intermediate temperature creep life analysis.
Insulin Secretion with the Effect of Loureirin B through KATP Channel–Dependent Pathway
Authors: Sha Yijie , Zhang Yuelin , Cao Jing , Qian Kai , Niu Bing , Chen Qin
Published: May 2017

The development of new diabetes drugs continues to be explored. Loureirin B, a flavonoid, extracted from Dracaena cochinchinensis, has been confirmed to increase insulin secretion and decrease blood glucose levels. For understanding the mechanism, a series of experiments had been employed based on computational methods and cell experiments. The insulin secretion significantly increased with the incubation of 0.01μM loureirin B for 4 hours. The viability of Ins-1 cells showed no significant difference with the treatment of loureirin B. Through computational methods, we hypothesized that loureirin B could interacts with KATP channels to promote insulin secretion. In cell experiments, it could be found that the current of KATP channel of Ins-1 cells was inhibited by the effect of loureirin B. After then, the voltage-dependent calcium channels were activated, the increase of Cx43 protein expression might mediate the Ca2+ to the intracellular. In summary, it could be concluded that loureirin B promoted insulin secretion mainly through inhibiting KATP current, the influx of Ca2+ to the Intracellular and the expression of Cx43.
Data Assimilation for Fatigue Life Assessment of RC Bridge Decks Coupled with Path-Integral-Mechanistic Model and Non-Destructive Inspection
Authors: Tanaka Yasushi ,   Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Maekawa Koichi , Maeshima Takuya , Iwaki Ichiro , Nishida Takahiro , Shiotani Tomoki ,   The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,   Nihon University, Fukushima, Japan,   Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Published: May 2017

Remaining fatigue life of reinforced concrete (RC) slabs subjected to traveling wheel-type loads is estimated by data assimilation procedure, i.e., coupled life-span simulation with inspection data. Multi-scale analysis (MSA) with path-integral-mechanistic models is used for the platform of data assimilation on which the visual inspection of concrete cracking on the members’ surfaces and the acoustic emission tomography (AET) are numerically integrated. For investigating the applicability of the proposed data assimilation, the wheel running experiments of RC slabs was conducted. Both crack patterns (2D) and 3D-AET were measured over the fatigue life till failure. In the pseudo-cracking assimilation, observed cracks are converted to space-averaged surface strains and the internal strain fields are simply assumed by in-plane hypothesis. This pseudo-cracking assimilation brings about fair assessment of the transient maximum deflection, but the residual deformation was found to be overestimated. Another non-destructive inspection data applied in this assimilation is the 3D-AET associated with the acoustic wave velocity, which has much to do with stiffness of some control volume with and without cracking. The AET velocity is converted to the initial fracture parameter of un-cracked concrete based on the elasto-plastic and fracture model used. Although cracking is not explicitly taken into account unlike the pseudo-cracking method, the small number of load repetition automatically generates internal cracks over the volume of analysis domains, and the remaining life of the slabs inspected was successfully estimated.
THE EFFECTS OF PHYTASE SUPPLEMENTATIONS IN PREDICTING THE NON-PHYTATE PHOSPHORUS REQUIREMENT OF BROILERS IN STARTER PHASE
Authors: Wulandari Rateh , Poernama Ferry , Zuprizal Zuprizal , Dono Nanung Danar
Published: May 2017

This study was aimed to observe the requirements of non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) with phytase supplementation in starter phase broiler. A total number of 1000 broiler (500 males and 500 females) were divided into 5 dietary treatments for 21 days rearing period. The treatment diets (P1-P5) were basal diets with 0.67% Calcium (Ca) and 60 FTU phytase that combined with NPP at different levels, i.e.: 0.420% (P1); 0.345% (P2); 0.270% (P3); 0.195% (P4); 0.120% (P5). The basal diet was a corn-soybean based diet that contained 0.097% Ca and 0.124% Phosphorus (P). The data were subjected to a one-way ANOVA using complete randomized design. Response variables that observed in current study were: feed intake, nett gain, feed convertion ratio, average body weight, mortality and toe ash. Measurement of responses due to the reduction of NPP supplementation on average body weight and toe ash were then followed subsequently by generating equation for quadratic curve y = ax2+bx+c to determinate the NPP requirement. Determination of the maximum response was done through ymaks = -b/2a. Results showed that based on average body weight, estimation of NPP requirement with phytase supplementation were 0.317% for the 0-10 days; 0.314% for the 11-21 days; and 0.315% for the the 0-21 days rearing periods. Based on toe ash content, estimation of NPP requirement with phytase supplementation was 0.990% (toe) for the 21 days rearing period. This study was aimed to observe the requirements of non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) with phytase supplementation in starter phase broiler. A total number of 1000 broiler (500 males and 500 females) were divided into 5 dietary treatments for 21 days rearing period. The treatment diets (P1-P5) were basal diets with 0.67% Calcium (Ca) and 60 FTU phytase that combined with NPP at different levels, i.e.: 0.420% (P1); 0.345% (P2); 0.270% (P3); 0.195% (P4); 0.120% (P5). The basal diet was a corn-soybean based diet that contained 0.097% Ca and 0.124% Phosphorus (P). The data were subjected to a one-way ANOVA using complete randomized design. Response variables that observed in current study were: feed intake, nett gain, feed convertion ratio, average body weight, mortality and toe ash. Measurement of responses due to the reduction of NPP supplementation on average body weight and toe ash were then followed subsequently by generating equation for quadratic curve y = ax2+bx+c to determinate the NPP requirement. Determination of the maximum response was done through ymaks = -b/2a. Results showed that based on average body weight, estimation of NPP requirement with phytase supplementation were 0.317% for the 0-10 days; 0.314% for the 11-21 days; and 0.315% for the the 0-21 days rearing periods. Based on toe ash content, estimation of NPP requirement with phytase supplementation was 0.990% (toe) for the 21 days rearing period.
FARMER'S KNOWLEDGE AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF USING OF Chloris gayana GRASS AS BUFFALO FEED IN PASTORAL LAND
Authors: Rusdiana Supardi , Herdiawan Iwan
Published: May 2017

The research objective was to obtain information about the knowledge of farmers towards Chloris gayana grass and economic feasibility of buffalo farming and farmer level as a first step for further activities. The study was conducted in the village Mekarsari Cibadak Subdistrict Lebak District of Banten Province, with a survey method in 2016, using questionaire  and interviews to 20 farmers. Primary data were obtained from the farmer and secondary data obtained from the local Office. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed descriptively, quantitatively and economically. In male buffalo rearing, farmer’s profit was able to reach Rp3.170.000,-/head, with B/C ratio was 1.06. While buffalo cow-calf operation gave profit as Rp4.630.000,-/head, with B/C ratio was 1.06. It seems that keeping buffalo to produce meat was more porfitable compared to cow-calf operation. It resulted the development of bufallo in Kampung Curug Mekar Sari village Cibadak District of Lebak, Banten was slow. Planting Chloris gayana grass can support farmer and increase the economic scale of buffalo farmers.
THE PERFORMANCE OF MILK PRODUCTION, TOTAL MILK REVENUE AND REPRODUCTION INDICATORS ON DAIRY SMALLHOLDERS IN YOGYAKARTA AND EAST JAVA, INDONESIA
Authors: Nurtini Sudi , Rochijan Rochijan , Guntoro Budi , Widyobroto Budi Prasetyo , Indratiningsih Indratiningsih , Umami Nafiatul
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze the performance of milk production, total milk revenue and reproduction indicators of Friesian Holstein Crossbred cows maintained under smallholder’s management system of 122 cows in DIY Province and 345 cows in East Java Province, Indonesia. The study was conducted with survey method and direct observation. A total of 180 Friesian Holstein Crossbred farmers (90 farmers were in DIY and another 90 farmers were from East Java Province) was randomly selected and interviewed used structured questionnaire to assess the milk production, total milk revenue and indicators of reproduction of Friesian Holstein Crossbred cows. The result of the study showed that the average mature equivalent of milk production was 3,810.21±920.10 L/lactation in DIY and 3,717.79±818.44 L/lactation in East Java Province, and the total milk revenue was 12,401,917.87±2.48 IDR per lactation in DIY and 14,647,217.80±3.05 IDR per lactation in East Java Province; day to first mating (postpartum mating), services per conception and days open were 62.34±29.24 days, 2.60±1.32 and 88.58±34.43 days in DIY and 60.62±23.07 days, 2.46±1.26 and 88.67±28.86 days in East Java Province. Based on total milk revenue, the conclusion of this study was Friesian Holstein Crossbred cows maintained under smallholder’s management system in East Java Province better than those in Yogyakarta province (DIY). The mature equivalent of milk production and reproduction indicators of dairy cows (postpartum mating, service per conception and days open) from both provinces showed no significant differences and the value of each parameter reproduction indicators is still within the normal range.
An Approach Transient Stability Analysis Using Equivalent Impedance Modified in 150 kV South of Sulawesi System
Authors: Djalal Muhammad Ruswandi , Nawir Herman , Setiadi Herlambang , Imran Andi
Published: May 2017

One of methods that can be used to determine the stability of a power system if the fault occured is the equal area criterion method. The equal area criterion method (Equal Area Criterion, EAC) is an example of a direct method for predicting the stability and also the critical clearing time (Critical clearing time). However, to calculate the complex calculations required to determine the equivalent impedance of each condition system. In this study used several approaches to facilitate the calculation of the equivalent impedance. This method uses the equation of power losses. This method is equivalent impedance using modified with Ploss and Qloss for Determining Pmax. From the analysis, it can be concluded the use of this method is quite accurate in analyzing or calculating the transient stability of the generator system in South Sulawesi, with each loading condition, before, during and after short circuit. Generator being looked at is Bakaru, Pare, Suppa, Barru and Sengkang.
â€œâ€¦THOSE WHO DID IT HAVE POWER...â€ MUSIC, HEALTH AND HEGEMONY IN TANZANIA IN THE CONTEXT OF HIV/AIDS
Authors: Ndomondo Mathayo Bernard
Published: May 2017

This article investigates the display of power relations in the production of health knowledge about HIV/AIDS through music that addresses the HIV/AIDS pandemic in Tanzania. It specifically looks at the intersection of the state and religion in both shaping culture and influencing decision-making in the production of health knowledge on HIV/ AIDS. I argue that the study of HIV/AIDS and the creative process of music about HIV/ AIDS is also the study of power relations at multiple levels. Using two recordings, â€˜Mambo kwa socksâ€™(Things with socks on) and â€˜Usione soo,sema nayeâ€ (Do not feel shy, speak to him or her), which have been forbidden from public broadcast by the government of Tanzania as evidence, I suggest that musical performances that focus on HIV/AIDS involve the production of multiple, often dissonant and antagonistic interpretations among individuals because of the musical styles employed and because of the interpretersâ€™ different ages, social positions, context, social and historical spaces.
PRESERVATION AND REVITALISATION OF THE ENDANGERED GÄ¨KÅ¨YÅ¨ FLUTE
Authors: LaRue Jennifer
Published: May 2017

Based on observations, interviews, and recordings collected in Kenya in May-June 2015, this article presents a summary of the search for a nearly â€œextinctâ€ musical instrument and the need for advocacy research. The mÅ©tÅ©rÄ©rÅ©, originally an oblique bark flute of the AgÄ©kÅ©yÅ© of Kenya, is also made from more durable bamboo and plastic. Initial investigations suggested that the flute was no longer played due to urbanization, modernization of farming techniques, and the loss of certain rituals and dances. Discovery of several elders who still play mÅ©tÅ©rÄ©rÅ© and the process of watching them build and play bark, bamboo, and spider web mÅ©tÅ©rÄ©rÅ©s is narrated. The challenges of preserving a tradition when the cultural context for performance no longer exists and potential opportunities for a re-introduction of the mÅ©tÅ©rÄ©rÅ© to contemporary Kenyan culture through intentional curriculum, traditional performances and advocacy in Kenyan cultural centers are discussed.
REASSESSING THE ZIMBABWEAN CHIPENDANI (Article withdrawn)
Authors: Kyker Jennifer
Published: May 2017

Due to an error in the original publication this article will be reprinted in the 2018 edition of African Music. We apologise for any inconvenience. (Editor: African Music)
Geossistemas e Geografia no Brasil
Authors: Cavalcanti Lucas Costa de Souza , Corrêa Antônio Carlos De Barros
Published: May 2017

A geografia brasileira tem dispensado atenção especial à ideia de geossistemas, considerada base teórica e metodológica inspirada em trabalhos de geógrafos estrangeiros, sobretudo franceses e soviéticos. Este trabalho analisa aspectos conceituais e terminológicos da teoria dos geossistemas visando uma melhor compreensão de seu significado e aplicação. Para tanto, diversas interpretações sobre os geossistemas foram avaliadas, tendo por critério a biografia dos autores, as suas referências e ferramentas interpretativas disponíveis, bem como seus pressupostos. O trabalho permite compreender que o horizonte epistemológico alcançado pela teoria dos geossistemas permitiu integrar diferentes perspectivas para o estudo de áreas naturais. Não obstante, a teoria em questão ainda apresenta certa dificuldade de interpretação e aceitação no Brasil por vários motivos.
Redes de sedes e filiais de empresas no Brasil
Authors: Motta Marcelo Paiva da , Carvalho Ronaldo Cerqueira
Published: May 2017

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar os padrões espaciais das interações entre firmas multilocalizadas no País à luz da Teoria dos Fluxos Centrais de Peter Taylor. Mapeou-se as ligações entre as sedes e filiais de empresas agregadas por estado. Dentre os resultados obtidos, ressalta-se o grande número de ligações intraestaduais, sugerindo o forte papel dos agentes econômicos voltados para a oferta de bens e serviços na formação das cidades brasileiras; a maciça concentração de ligações no Centro-Sul, particularmente em São Paulo, mostrando que o posicionamento entre sedes e filiais não é fundamentalmente diferente da distribuição geral das atividades econômicas; e que o padrão caótico das ligações secundárias indica uma economia doméstica ganhando complexidade suficiente para escapar da forma hierárquica estabelecida.
Precisão altimétrica de modelo digital do terreno sob a vegetação obtido por interferometria de radar de abertura sintética de banda P
Authors: Gaboardi Clovis , Lübeck Dieter
Published: May 2017

A tecnologia de Interferometria de Radar de Abertura Sintética (InSAR) operando na banda P (comprimento de onda de 75 cm) permite a obtenção de modelos digitais do terreno (MDT) sob a vegetação. Na região da construção da Usina Hidrelétrica (UHE) de Belo Monte, no município de Vitória do Xingu, estado do Pará, tornou-se necessário realizar o desmatamento da floresta sujeita a inundação provocada pela barragem em construção. Em 2014 foi realizado um levantamento com tecnologia InSAR da banda P para a obtenção do MDT sob a cobertura vegetal, a fim de delinear a área da floresta sujeita à inundação, para realizar a supressão da mesma.  Após a supressão da floresta e antes da inundação, foi realizado um levantamento topográfico de precisão de 42 pontos do terreno, para validar a precisão altimétrica do MDT gerado.
KILKA UWAG O SĄDOWNICTWIE ADMIRALICJI W ANGLII
Authors: Marzec Łukasz
Published: May 2017

Some Remarks on the Admiralty Jurisdiction in EnglandSummaryThe Court of Admiralty was a significant element of the English judicial system that operated outside common law. It offered a quick and effective procedure, more efficient and suitable to fit mercantile cases. Many of its judges were doctors of civil law and members of the elitists organization: Doctors’ Commons. Some of the court’s jurisdiction was based on the Roman law, which was one of the reasons for envy and jealousy among the common law judges headed by Sir Edward Coke. The sentences of the court were permanently blocked by common law judges, which resulted in many complaints made by Lord Admiral to the King and Parliament. The Court of Admiralty was undoubtedly the most powerful English judicial institution using the rules of Roman law in its practice. One of the examples presented in this paper is the question of the maritime loan secured on the ship called bottomry or respodentia, based on the pecunia traiecticia and foenus nauticum.
Teresa Wolińska, Justynian Wielki, Wydawnictwo WAM, Kraków 2003, ss. 95+4 nlb.
Authors: Kuryłowicz Marek
Published: May 2017

Teresa Wolińska, Justynian Wielki, Wydawnictwo WAM, Kraków 2003, ss. 95+4 nlb.
Konrad Nowacki, Zarys dziejów prawa na Uniwersytecie Wrocławskim, «Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis» No 2465, Prawo CCLXXXIII, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, Wrocław 2003, ss. 258.
Authors: Paszkowska Marzenna
Published: May 2017

Konrad Nowacki, Zarys dziejów prawa na Uniwersytecie Wrocławskim, «Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis» No 2465, Prawo CCLXXXIII, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, Wrocław 2003, ss. 258.
Wykładnia prawa - Konferencja Wydziału P rawa i Administracji Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, 27 lutego 2004 roku
Authors: Gawrysiak-Zabłocka Aleksandra
Published: May 2017

Wykładnia prawa - Konferencja Wydziału P rawa i Administracji Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, 27 lutego 2004 roku
Cyclometalated Complexes of Platinum and Gold with Biological Properties: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives
Authors: Jurgens Sophie , Kuhn Fritz E. , Casini Angela
Published: May 2017

Background:

The inherent problems accompanying chemotherapy necessitate
the development of new anticancer approaches. The development of compounds that can
disrupt cancerous cellular machinery by novel mechanisms, via interactions with proteins
and non-canonical DNA structures (e.g. G-quadruplexes), as well as by alteration of the
intracellular redox balance, is nowadays focus of intense research. In this context, organometallic
compounds of the noble metals Pt and Au have become prominent experimental
therapeutic agents. This review provides an overview of the Pt(II) and Au(III) cyclometalated
compounds with a chelating ring containing a strong C-M σ -bond to improve
the stability of the compounds with respect to ligand exchange reactions and biological
reduction. Furthermore, these properties can be easily tuned by modification of either
the anionic cyclometalated or the ancillary ligands. Special focus has been set to
C^N, C^N^C, C^N^N and C^N^S platinum(II) and gold(III) pincer complexes regarding
their synthesis and biological mechanisms of action as anticancer agents.
Methods: A structured search of both chemical and medicinal databases for peerreviewed
research literature has been conducted. The quality of retrieved papers was appraised
using standard tools. The synthesis as well as the chemical and biological properties
of the described compounds were carefully reviewed and described. The findings
were outlined using a conceptual framework.

Results:

In this review we included 155 papers, the majority originating from high-impact
papers on the synthesis and biological modes of platinum(II) and gold(III) compounds.
Among them, 17 papers were highlighted to give an introduction to the use of Pt and Au
compounds with medicinal properties, mainly focussing on coordination compounds. The
synthesis and medicinal properties of organometallic compounds of various metals (such
as Fe, Ru, Ti) were outlined in 51 papers. These compounds included metallocenes, metallo-
arenes, metallo-carbonyls, metallo-carbenes (e.g. N-heterocyclic carbenes), and alkynyl
complexes. The C^N, C^N^C, C^N^N and C^N^S pincer complexes of platinum(
II) (46 papers) and gold(III) (44 papers) were discussed concerning their synthesis,
stability and advantages to develop therapeutic compounds. We strove to show the consistent
development of C^N, C^N^C, C^N^N and C^N^S platinum(II) and gold(III) pincer
complexes regarding their synthesis and biological modes from the early beginnings to
the most recent findings.

Conclusion:

This review supplies a profound overview of the development of organometallic
compounds for medicinal purposes, setting special focus to the synthesis and
stability of C^N, C^N^C, C^N^N and C^N^S pincer complexes of platinum(II) and
gold(III) and their use as anticancer agents.
Serum Levels of Vaspin and Its Correlation with Nitric Oxide in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Nephropathy
Authors: Mihanfar Aynaz , Rahmati-Yamchi Mohammad , Mota Ali , Abediazar Sima , Pilehvar-Soltanahmadi Younes , Zarghami Nosratollah
Published: May 2017

Background:

Diabetic Nephropathy (DN), a serious and prevalent complication of diabetes,
has been rapidly raising worldwide. Vaspin, as an adipokine with anti-diabetic effects, is predominantly
released from visceral adipose tissue. Moreover, vaspin has the stimulatory effect on nitric oxide (NO)
bioavailability through the activation of NO synthase.

Objective:

The aim of the present study was to investigate the serum levels of vaspin and their correlation
with NO metabolite in diabetic patients with normal renal function and renal insufficiency.

Methods:

Volunteers patients with non-nephropathy Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus (T2DM) as control
(n=40, age= 56.95±6.11 years) and patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) (n=40, age=57.85±5.63
years) as case group were enrolled in this study, and serum samples were collected for the measurement
of vaspin levels by ELISA technique. Also, serum levels of NO metabolites were calorimetrically
assessed.

Results:

We found that vaspin levels significantly decreased in diabetic patients with nephropathic
condition as compared with diabetic patients with normal renal function (p <0.04). In addition, serum
levels of NO metabolites were significantly higher in diabetic patients with nephropathy in comparison
with non-nephropathic diabetics (p<0.001). When patients with DN were studied, vaspin levels positively
correlated with NO metabolites and Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance
(HOMA-IR) levels.

Conclusion:

This study showed that low serum vaspin levels may be a risk factor for nephropathy in
type II diabetic patients and increased levels of NO may be a defensive mechanism in the DN.
Managing Western Flower Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Lettuce and Green Peach Aphid and Cabbage Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Broccoli with Chemical Insecticides and the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae)
Authors: Dara Surendra K.
Published: May 2017

Aims:

Lettuce and broccoli are high value vegetable crops in California. The western flower thrips,Frankliniella occidentalison lettuce, and the cabbage aphid,Brevicoryne brassicaeand the green peach aphid,Myzus persicaeon broccoli are important insect pests that are frequently managed with chemical insecticides.

Observation:

Efficacy of various chemical insecticides and the entomopathogenic fungusBeauveria bassianawas evaluated against these pests in field studies in the Santa Maria area of California. Some insecticides varied in their efficacy againstF. occidentalisfrom year to year and against different aphid species.

Conclusion:

A new insecticide sulfoxaflor provided good control of aphids on broccoli.Beauveria bassianademonstrated a potential for broccoli and lettuce integrated pest management.
Extending Inferential Group Analysis in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Multivariate GLM Implemented in SPM8
Authors: Ferreira Fábio S. , Pereira João M.S. , Duarte João V. , Castelo-Branco Miguel
Published: May 2017

Background:

Although voxel based morphometry studies are still the standard for analyzing brain structure, their dependence on massive univariate inferential methods is a limiting factor. A better understanding of brain pathologies can be achieved by applying inferential multivariate methods, which allow the study of multiple dependent variables,e.g.different imaging modalities of the same subject.

Objective:

Given the widespread use of SPM software in the brain imaging community, the main aim of this work is the implementation of massive multivariate inferential analysis as a toolbox in this software package. applied to the use of T1 and T2 structural data from diabetic patients and controls. This implementation was compared with the traditional ANCOVA in SPM and a similar multivariate GLM toolbox (MRM).

Method:

We implemented the new toolbox and tested it by investigating brain alterations on a cohort of twenty-eight type 2 diabetes patients and twenty-six matched healthy controls, using information from both T1 and T2 weighted structural MRI scans, both separately – using standard univariate VBM - and simultaneously, with multivariate analyses.

Results:

Univariate VBM replicated predominantly bilateral changes in basal ganglia and insular regions in type 2 diabetes patients. On the other hand, multivariate analyses replicated key findings of univariate results, while also revealing the thalami as additional foci of pathology.

Conclusion:

While the presented algorithm must be further optimized, the proposed toolbox is the first implementation of multivariate statistics in SPM8 as a user-friendly toolbox, which shows great potential and is ready to be validated in other clinical cohorts and modalities.
Actualización sobre el síndrome de estrés tibial medial
Authors: Gómez García Santiago
Published: May 2017

El síndrome de estrés tibial medial, SETM, una de las causas más comunes de dolor inducido por el ejercicio en las extremidades inferiores entre los practicantes de actividad física y deporte, como corredores y militares en formación, es un evento semiológico producido por lesiones repetitivas de estrés mecánico en la región medial de la tibia. No suele revestir gravedad, pero si no se trata adecuadamente puede evolucionar a lesiones incapacitantes, como la llamada fractura por estrés de la tibia. Existen factores de riesgo que contribuyen al desarrollo de la patología entre los que cabe mencionar el tipo de actividad, las inadecuadas técnicas de entrenamiento, las condiciones del terreno y el tipo de calzado utilizado, también la pronación anormal de la articulación subastragalina, el sexo femenino, un índice de masa corporal elevado, así como la disminución de la densidad mineral ósea. El diagnóstico generalmente se establece a través del interrogatorio y el examen físico, ya que las radiografías solo sirven para descartar fracturas por estrés de la tibia, y exámenes de imágenes más costosos no se justifican.  El tiempo de recuperación de los afectados por esta patología es bastante prolongado, lo que propicia la tendencia al abandono del tratamiento y, así, desfavorece la consecución de los objetivos terapéuticos propuestos. El tratamiento estándar de oro es la terapia física; sin embargo, existen otras modalidades terapéuticas con prometedoras perspectivas, entre las que sobresale la terapia por ondas de choque extracorpóreas, respecto de la cual los estudios disponibles son todavía insuficientes, pues tanto la fisiopatología del SETM, como su prevención y su tratamiento aún no están claros. En atención a lo anteriormente expuesto, este artículo presenta una revisión del estado del arte de los aspectos fundamentales de la patología.
Solución para el último teorema de Fermat
Authors: Porras Ferreira José William
Published: May 2017

El último teorema de Fermat (FLT), (1637), establece que, si n es un entero mayor que 2, entonces es imposible encontrar tres números naturales x, y y z donde dicha igualdad se cumple siendo (x, y)> 0 en xn + yn = zn. Este artículo muestra la metodología para probar el último teorema de Fermat por Reducción ad absurdum, el teorema de Pitágoras y la propiedad de triángulos similares, conocidos en el siglo XVII, cuando Fermat enunció el teorema.
El Centro de Investigación de la Cultura Física de la Escuela Militar de Cadetes
Authors: López Moreno Sara Constanza
Published: May 2017

Durante los últimos años, la importancia de la adquisición de una condición física adecuada dentro de la formación de los estudiantes de la Escuela Militar, había sido un poco relegada, dando prioridad a la formación académica y militar, convirtiéndose así en un problema que debía ser abordado de manera directa. La  existencia de ciertas debilidades en la forma en que la Escuela Militar estaba preparando a sus cadetes y alféreces en el desarrollo de sus competencias físicas, se identifica en la conjunción de múltiples factores, los cuales fueron determinantes para empezar un cambio profundo en este aspecto tan importante de la formación. Con este estudio se pretende averiguar el impacto que han tenido algunas nuevas políticas generadas desde la Dirección de la Escuela Militar, con referencia a la preparación física de los estudiantes, en las cuales se ha consagrado una mayor importancia al mejoramiento constante en la adquisición, desarrollo y mantenimiento de las competencias físicas de los futuros oficiales.
Una comparación de la respuesta autonómica en individuos hipertensos y no hipertensos para una maniobra ortostática
Authors: Botero-Rosas Daniel A. , Izquierdo Mikel , Varela Jesús , León Henry , Senna Gilmar W. , Soares Pernambuco Carlos , Borba-Pinheiro Claudio J. , Dantas Estélio H. M. , Luque Laura , Cuestas Daniel , Umbarila-Espinosa Luz Marina
Published: May 2017

El propósito de este trabajo es analizar el comportamiento autonómico mediado por la respuesta barorreceptora a una maniobra ortostática (MO) en sujetos hipertensos y no hipertensos. La frecuencia cardiaca (FC) fue obtenida en 65 sujetos (32 hipertensos y 33 no hipertensos) usando un monitor polar de frecuencia cardíaca, antes y después de una MO (al ponerse de pie súbitamente). Los intervalos R-R fueron transformados en series temporales (ST) de frecuencia cardíaca. Se aplicó interpolación debido a una falta de periodicidad en la ST de FC. Un muestreo de 10 Hz fue realizado, adicionalmente un filtro pasa banda seguida de un sub muestreo a 1 Hz. Los resultados mostraron un incremento en la actividad simpática del grupo hipertenso, lo cual no ocurrió en el grupo no hipertenso luego de la MO (Δ%=59.84%, P<0.01). En cuanto a los resultados parasimpáticos se observaron disminuciones solamente en el grupo hipertenso y no en el grupo no hipertenso luego de la intervención ortostática (Δ%= -43.4%, P<0.001). Se observaron incrementos en ambos grupos para el balance simpático vagal (hipertensos: Δ%= 45.63%, p= 0.004; no hipertensos: Δ%= 67.08%, p= 0.013). Los resultados mostraron un incremento en la actividad simpática en contraste con una disminución de la respuesta parasimpática en individuos hipertensos luego de una MO.
Comunidad ecológica-política de América Latina y el Caribe: una identidad proyecto para la globalidad
Authors: Ariza Ruiz Efrén Danilo , Ruiz Sarmiento Mario Humberto
Published: May 2017

Esta recensión persigue identificar el Paso de “la identidad como mismidad a la identidad como diversidad en los tiempos actuales, en la búsqueda de consolidar una comunidad ecológica-política de  América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) que sería la forma de aparecer una identidad proyecto de vida para la globalidad. Se defiende aquí la necesidad de que los ciudadanos de ALC nos organicemos como una comunidad de sentimientos comunes con el designio de adquirir la capacidad para acceder al poder social tradicional (político, económico e ideológico-cultural y de la industria de la comunicación) y con éste a nuestra disposición impulsar y lograr efectivamente edificar una comunidad política ecológica y que la filosofía intercultural puede brindar las condiciones de posibilidad de establecer un polílogo abierto en condiciones materiales y teóricas de igualdad entre las tradiciones culturales que existen en nuestra América que permita construir la comunidad propuesta con el poder popular suficiente para dominar y someter la actividad depredadora, iniciada desde 1492, y actualizada en las empresas multinacionales extractivas de nuestros recursos naturales y responsables del deterioro ambiental, apoyadas por las élites de los Estados patrimonialistas arbitrarios y autoritarios, siendo, algunos, miembros de la CELAC.
La resistencia y la sobrevivencia de la justicia indígena en Colombia
Authors: Ruiz Morato Natalia
Published: May 2017

Se realizó una investigación histórica y socio-jurídica sobre el funcionamiento de la Jurisdicción Especial Indígena para ubicar las tensiones y dificultades entre la jurisdicción ordinaria. El estudio determinó que existen relaciones no amigables entre justicia indígena y la justicia ordinaria y una negación de la aplicación de la Ley de Origen como forma válida de solución de conflictos de los pueblos indígenas en Colombia. Como principal resultado se evidenció la imposibilidad del sistema jurídico colombiano de armonizar el pluralismo jurídico creado en la Constitución Nacional de Colombia, por lo cual la Jurisdicción Especial Indígena  es forma de supervivencia y reivindicación de los grupos indígenas en Colombia. Como alternativa de salida se propone la incorporación de esquemas democráticos deliberativos para sociedades multiétnicas.
La Fuerza Aérea Colombiana y el cese del conflicto armado (1998-2015)
Authors: Triana Ricardo Esquivel
Published: May 2017

La Fuerza Aérea Colombiana lideró entre 1998 y 2015 operaciones decisivas para el cese del conflicto interno. Por esto, decisivas en lo político; se constituyen en victorias operacionales y estratégicas. Como operaciones de combate irregular, realizadas en la geografía más inhóspita, son expresión de la historia militar y del tiempo presente. Fueron decisivas en el contexto de una capacidad nacional desarrollada entre otros hitos con el Plan Colombia, el Plan Patriota, la Política de Consolidación y el Plan Espada de Honor. La Fuerza Aérea fue decisiva para recuperar Mitú y la zona de distensión del Caguán. También cumplió un esfuerzo sostenido para la defensa de poblaciones, apoyo aéreo cercano al Ejército y Policía Nacional, neutralizar los grupos armados ilegales y el narcotráfico. La Fuerza Aérea fue decisiva para neutralizar a cabecillas y cuadrillas del grupo ilegal, asumiendo el esfuerzo principal con operaciones de bombardeo de precisión.
Estrategias de afrontamiento frente al divorcio en personas de las Fuerzas Militares de Colombia
Authors: Cabrera García Victoria Eugenia , Cuervo Ríos Juan Carlos , Martínez Castro Zoraida , Cabrera Campos Miguel Angel
Published: May 2017

El propósito del presente estudio es analizar las estrategias para afrontar el divorcio o separación, empleadas por las personas que pertenecen al Ejército Nacional y la Armada Nacional de Colombia, o porquienes han sido sus esposas o esposos. Participaron 124 personas, hombres y mujeres, militares y civiles entre los 20 y 60 años, que cumplieron con los criterios seleccionados para la muestra, como estar divorciados por un periodo mayor de seis meses y menor de tres años, con mínimo un hijo. Estas estrategias se evaluaron con el inventario de respuestas de Afrontamiento (CRI-A) para población Adulta de Moos (1993), traducido y adaptado por Isabel Mikulic y Melina Crespi, 1998. Los resultados muestran el predominio del empleo de estrategias de afrontamiento en función a la adaptación de las personas y su proceso de estrés en su vida cotidiana.
Actividad antioxidante y concentración de compuestos fenólicos del tomate de árbol (cyphomandra betacea s.) en poscosecha
Authors: Márquez Carlos , Otero Claudia , Rojano Benjamín , Osorio Jairo
Published: May 2017

El tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea S.) es un fruto de consumo masivo en Colombia, debido a sus especiales características organolépticas y nutricionales. Frutos de tomate de árbol fueron evaluados durante 15 días en su etapa de postcosecha para establecer la evolución de la actividad antioxidante y concentración de compuestos fenólicos. La capacidad antioxidante fue analizada por el método ABTS. Se encontró para el día sexto de postcosecha un valor promedio máximo equivalente a 9,8 µmol de Equivalentes Trolox por gramo de fruta fresca. Los fenoles totales se determinaron por el método de Folin Ciocalteu, encontrando la mayor concentración de compuestos fenólicos para el día octavo de postcosecha, siendo de 1,23 miligramos de ácido gálico por gramo de fruta fresca. La concentración de compuestos fenólicos fue creciente a partir del día uno de postcosecha, luego permaneció constante hasta el día 11, mostrando un decrecimiento en la etapa de sobremaduración correspondiente a los días 12 a 14. Como conclusión, se pudo establecer que la actividad antioxidante en la etapa de postcosecha del tomate de árbol no presentó diferencias significativas con un nivel de confianza del 95%. Los resultados obtenidos, no presentaron correlación positiva entre la capacidad antioxidante y la concentración de fenoles totales, no obstante se pudo concluir que el tomate de árbol se clasifica como una fruta de alta actividad antioxidante y muy buena concentración de compuestos fenólicos con respecto a otros frutos reportados en diversas investigaciones, aspectos que potencia el consumo de ésta especie como un alimento nutraceútico.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning Berbantuan Software Cedar Logic Simulator Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Aktivitas Dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Materi Gerbang Logika Di Kelas X Tav 2 SMKN 1 Lengkong Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017
Authors: Prasetyaningsih Noventy
Published: May 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendiskripsikan (1) Penerapan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning berbantuan software CedarLogic Simulator dalam meningkatkan aktivitas siswa pada kompetensi Menerapkan Dasar-dasar Elektronika di kelas X TAV 2 SMKN 1 Lengkong  (2) Penerapan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning berbantuan software CedarLogic Simulator dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada kompetensi Menerapkan Dasar-dasar Elektronika di kelas X TAV 2 SMKN 1 Lengkong.Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dan dilakukan sebanyak 3 putaran yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengelolaan pembelajaran oleh guru, aktivitas siswa, hasil belajar siswa, dan respon siswa kelas X-TAV 2 SMKN 1 Lengkong.Hasil penelitian pada putaran I, II, III menunjukkan bahwa (1) Aktivitas siswa selama pembelajaran yang meliputi Visual Activities, Writing Activities, Drawing Activities, Oral Activities, Motor Activities dan Emotional Activities mengalami peningkatan. Aktivitas siswa yang muncul dari keseluruhan aktivitas yang mungkin muncul sesuai indikator mengalami peningkatan, pada putaran I sebanyak 75 %, pada putaran II sebanyak 87,5 % dan pada putaran III sebanyak 100%. Rata-rata banyaknya aktivitas siswa pada putaran I sebanyak 63,5 %, pada putaran II sebanyak 84,3 % sedangkan pada putaran III sebanyak 85,9 %. (2) Penilaian hasil belajar siswa pada penelitian ini berupa post test. Hasil belajar klasikal pada setiap putaran sebesar 78,57 %, 93,33%, dan 81,25%,
Integrating Strategy-Based Instructions In 7th-Grade Speaking Classroom At SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Batu
Authors: Saputro Teguh Hadi , Adityo Adityo , Wardhani Amalia Ayu
Published: May 2017

Second language (L2) pedagogy and second language acquisition (SLA) have acknowledged the significant role of learning strategies. It, then, suggests the significance of learning strategies in second language learning or, even, acquisition, especially helping students be better learners. With regard to this, a community service project is proposed to implement this SBI in SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Malang. The students’ problem in speaking ability seems to derive from lacks of knowledge about oral communication strategies (OCSs). Therefore, the project team plans to implement an SBI which is mostly the combination of OCSs and metacognitive model. The project implementation falls into four meeting with the focus described as follows (1) Introducing OCSs and metacognitive training model, (2) Employing help-seeking strategies and modified interaction strategies through conversation tasks, (3) Employing modified output strategies and  time-gaining strategies through conversation tasks and (4) Employing maintenance strategies and self-solving strategies through conversation tasks. This project is expected to give best practice to the English teachers of partner school as a part of teaching professionalism improvement and development.