bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear vibration and transient stress analysis of disc brake based on computer simulation technology
Authors: Lin Fa , Qi Kai
Published: December 2024

The nonlinear vibration and dynamic stress characteristics of disc brakes are key factors affecting braking noise and safety. Based on the working principle of disc brake, a six-degree-of-freedom dynamic model was constructed, and the amplitude-frequency response of vibration under diverse braking pressures and initial velocities was acquired. The modal characteristics of the brake disc were computed using the finite element simulation approach, and the natural frequency and vibration mode were obtained. The accuracy of the modal calculation was verified by means of the laser detection method. In order to study the dynamic stress variation law more accurately, a coupled model of temperature and displacement was established, and transient stresses on different paths were obtained. The results indicate that the finite element model has high accuracy, with a maximum calculation error of only 5.1 % for the natural frequency. Besides, temperature variations will lead to thermal deformation of the brake disc, which intensifies the random vibration characteristics associated with the friction process.
Investigations on dynamic characteristics of CFV12000 high speed motorized spindle
Authors: Wang Lixian , Chen Cunding , Jiang Huaqiao , Zhang Wei
Published: December 2024

The finite element analysis of CFV12000 motorized spindle is carried out in the ANSYS Workbench 16.0. And the free mode experiment is carried out for the actual structure. The finite element model is modified according to the experimental results, so that the model can accurately reflect the actual situation of the motorized spindle. Then the harmonic response of the modified finite element model is analyzed to predict the dynamic characteristics in the actual machining process of the spindle. Finally, the structure of the spindle is optimized to improve its dynamic performance. The rationality of the structure design of the electric spindle is proved, which lays the foundation for the optimization of the structure of the electric spindle and the improvement of its dynamic characteristics.
Application of rigid flexible coupling technology in vibration response analysis of washing machine
Authors: Sun Hao , Li Renfei
Published: December 2024

The dynamic response of the box and suspension system is one of the most important factors affecting the vibration and noise of the washing machine. To ensure the accuracy of dynamic analysis, a rigid-flexible coupling model was put forward and established, enabling the acquisition of the load responses of flexible box and the dynamic characteristics of suspension system. The free vibrations of the washing machine box were analyzed, and the effective natural frequencies and modes were obtained. The modal neutral file was imported into ADAMS, where the rigid elements were replaced and spring and damping constraints were set. The dynamic responses of the center of mass displacement and load of the suspension system under different spring stiffness and damping system conditions were analyzed, which can provide important basis for optimizing the vibration isolation performance. The results show that the first-order natural frequency of the box exceeds the maximum excitation frequency, and the maximum stress is mainly distributed in the joints of the sheet metal.
Study on the influence of guardrails on the mechanical properties of pre-stressed hollow plate beam bridges structure
Authors: Bian Xinru , Li Peijie , Yong Chengxin
Published: December 2024

In order to improve the design level of pre-stressed hollow slab bridge beams, the airport 1# bridge was taken as the research object to study on the influence of guardrails on the mechanical properties of pre-stressed hollow plate beam bridges. On the basis of conducting overall structural verification, a solid model was established to analyze the influence of bridge deck guardrails on the mechanical behavior of cast-in-place joints in hollow slab bridges. Research shows that the maximum deflection and the maximum bending moment internal force decreases by 40 % and 14.5 %, respectively when taking into account the stiffness of the guardrail. However, the maximum shear force of the hollow slab edge joint and middle joint increases by 75 % and 14.5 %, respectively. The maximum shear force increases by 35.62 % when the height of the guardrail increases from 0.5 m to 2 m. The results indicate that the influence of bridge deck guardrails on the shear performance of slab hinge joints should be considered during the preliminary design stage of such bridges. The research results can provide reference for such structures.
Finite element simulation of modal and linearized stress characteristics of key components of heat exchanger
Authors: Qi Kai , Sun Hao , Lin Fa
Published: December 2024

In order to ensure higher structural stability and load safety of the heat exchanger, modal analysis of the folded flow plate assembly was carried out based on the finite element simulation method. In extreme conditions, the stress linearization and evaluation of the tube plate structure were achieved. The models of spiral baffle and traditional single arch baffle components were established, and the first 20 nature frequencies and the first six modal shapes were compared and analyzed. The strength of the tube plate structure was analyzed under the conditions of separate action of tube side pressure and shell side pressure, and the linearization results of stress were obtained through the setting of path. The results indicate that the spiral baffle component has better stability. In addition, through stress decomposition and evaluation, it can be determined that the strength under extreme working conditions meets safety requirements.
Modal analysis and optimization design of modular steel structures used in construction
Authors: Li Renfei , Qi Kai
Published: December 2024

In order to improve the stability and reliability of modular steel structures and reduce design redundancy, a multi-objective optimization study was conducted based on modal analysis. The finite element method was used to obtain the natural frequencies and modes under actual constraint conditions through ANSYS. The first-order natural frequency was used as a constraint condition to rationally configure the dimensions of the modular steel structure, and lightweight design was carried out based on the response surface method. In order to meet the overall structural stiffness requirements, the weight of the structure was minimized as much as possible. The finite element analysis and modal verification of the optimized model were carried out to verify the optimization results that meet the design requirements. The results show that the weight of the model was reduced by 5.36 %, and the increase in the first-order natural frequency was 20.14 %. After analyzing and verifying the modal vibration mode structure, it was found that the optimized modal vibration mode structure could still meet the mechanical performance requirements, providing an important reference for research in the field of building engineering.
Optimal parameters of tuned mass damper for the reduction of wind-induced vibration of high-rise buildings
Authors: Tan Ke , Xie Yiming , Cao Fuchao , Wang Yiping , Dong Yinfeng
Published: December 2024

At present, the use of a tuned mass damper (TMD) to control structural dynamic response under wind or earthquake excitations has become a common method for many high-rise structures. In previous studies, the amplitude of structural dynamic response which is usually viewed as a stochastic process is rarely used as a parameter to evaluate the vibration mitigation performance of a TMD system. In this paper, the motion equations of the structures controlled by a TMD system under wind excitation are established first. Then, the vibration mitigation performance of the TMD system under wind load is analyzed from the point of view of the reduction of the amplitude of response stochastic processes, during the analysis the influence of mass ratio is also taken into account. Finally, the vibration reduction coefficients are obtained as a function of frequency ratio and damping ratio, and the optimal frequency ratio and damping ratio of TMD system can be determined for which the minimum vibration reduction coefficient is achieved. The analysis results show that compared with the uncontrolled structure, the optimization method based on vibration reduction coefficient greatly reduces the amplitude of structure response under wind load and has certain adaptability and reliability.
Modal analysis and lightweight design of key components of the anchor windlass
Authors: Sun Hao , Wang Juan , Chi Wen
Published: December 2024

To improve the rationality of the mechanical design of traditional ship anchor windlass, based on modal analysis, lightweight research was conducted on key components. Taking the first-order natural frequency as the constraint condition, topological optimization design was carried out for the base, and size optimization design based on the response surface algorithm was carried out for the anchor chain wheel. On the premise of meeting the overall structural strength and stiffness requirements of the anchor windlass, its weight was reduced as much as possible. Through the finite element analysis and strength check of the optimized model, it was verified that the optimization results met the design requirements. The research shows that the weight reduction rate of the base reached 13.34 %, and the weight reduction rate of the anchor sprocket reached 10.5 %. After analysis and verification, the optimized structure can still meet the overall mechanical performance of the anchor windlass and achieve the expected design goal, which also provides an important reference for the structural optimization and lightweight research of other ship equipment.
Analysis of modal characteristics and strengthening effect of truss roof
Authors: Li Renfei , Sun Hao
Published: December 2024

The modal characteristics are an important basis for measuring the stability and safety of the truss roof structure. Based on the finite element method, the modal calculation of the overall structure of the truss roof was carried out, and the first six-order modal shapes and natural frequencies were obtained. The modal test method was adopted to test and analyze the vibration response of the truss roof through the hammering method, verifying the accuracy and effectiveness of the modal simulation. According to the analysis results of the modal shapes, the structure was reinforced at the weak positions. The thickness of the end face was reduced by 1 mm, and five ribs at the connection between the panel and the lateral beam were add. Through the modal calculation, the dynamic response of the optimized structure was obtained. The results show that the optimized structure can significantly increase the natural frequency, reduce the vibration amplitude, avoid the low-frequency resonance problem, and meet the lightweight design requirements at the same time, which is of obvious help for the improvement of the truss performance.
Determination of the direct runoff using the soil conservation service curve number method and its applicability to Lüleburgaz Sub-Basin (Thrace Region)
Authors: Beren Murat , Hoşgörmez Hakan
Published: December 2024

Lüleburgaz Sub-basin, located within the Ergene Basin in the Thrace Region which is designated by the State Hydraulic Works. The Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) Method was used to determine the runoff for the basin. In basins where flow values are not recorded for a long period, the SCS-CN is frequently used to obtain the flow indirectly. For this investigation, the land cover data was sourced from the Corine Cover Database, while the hydrological soil groups were acquired from the ORNL Distributed Active Archive Center for Biogeochemical Dynamics. Daily precipitation data were obtained from Lüleburgaz Meteorological Station for the years 2013-2017. All values were entered as data into the geographic information system-based software and analyzed with raster calculation. The SCS-CN method was employed to calculate the average runoff value for the basin, yielding a result of 157.6x106 m³/year. Meanwhile, at the Lüleburgaz flow observation station, the average runoff was recorded as 135.8x106 m³/year in between 2013 and 2017. It was determined that the runoff measured by the SCS-CN method was merely 1.16 times greater than the runoff recorded at the flow observation station. This shows that the SCS-CN method may be suitable for use in basins with similar characteristics where there is no flow observation station.
Soil and water management perspectives for tropical and dryland areas of Africa
Authors: Usman Suleiman
Published: December 2024

Soil and water are two natural resources that deliver various functional services to humanity. Advanced soil and water management is highly needed in the tropics. This revision focused on soil and water management issues in the tropics, soil and water management linkages to major soil functional groups (soil health, soil quality, soil fertility, water quality, and soil function), soil quality management and rehabilitation, and soil quality assessment. This study revealed that soil indictors are physical, chemical and biological, reflecting a better understanding of the major soil functional groups in an integrated soil water assessment for better soil and water management in the tropics. Regular checks and balances of comprehensive soil water management can lead to reduced soil erosion, increased water use efficiency, enhanced soil nutritional content, improved infiltration and water holding capacity, minimized runoff and surface soil leaching of pesticides and inorganic chemicals to groundwater reservoirs, increased decomposition and soil organic matter, enhanced soil biodiversity, and increased plant health and food security. To make this viable, an integrated assessment of soil water indicators and the application of sustainable soil water management approaches are needed. Regular checks and balances of the current status of soil and water quality and soil fertility must be given permanent priority.
Biostimulants for sustainable agriculture in forage crops
Authors: Akdağ Nurbaki , Sancak Cengiz , Telci Kahramanoğulları Cansu
Published: December 2024

Biostimulants, a promising avenue in agriculture, are substances that significantly enhance plant growth and productivity. They are a rich source of various compounds and microorganisms, including humic substances, amino acids, seaweed extracts, chitin and chitosan polymers, inorganic compounds, seed and root extracts, and organic wastes. Humic substances derived from decomposed organic matter are crucial in improving soil structure and nutrient availability. On the other hand, amino acids and protein hydrolysates promote nitrogen uptake and stress resistance, enhancing plant growth. The rich in polysaccharides and phytohormones, seaweed extracts enhance root development and stress tolerance. Polymers such as chitin and chitosan, derived from crustaceans and fungi, provide protective effects against pathogens and environmental stressors. Inorganic compounds and plant extracts also contribute to growth and resistance. The growing global biostimulants market is a testament to the increasing demand for environmentally friendly agricultural solutions, highlighting the urgency of adopting these solutions. Unlike traditional fertilizers, biostimulants do not directly provide nutrients but improve how plants use available nutrients more efficiently. Research underscores the potential of biostimulants to contribute to sustainable agriculture by increasing yield, quality, and disease resistance. Indispensable in modern agriculture, biostimulants are the key to creating sustainable and productive agricultural systems with more resilient plants by stimulating the development of crops, especially under unfavorable conditions, and improving crop quality.
Poderá a Universidade ser Popular?
Authors: Diniz Merladet Fábio André , Silva de Faria Edite Maria da
Published: December 2024

Buscando compreender como se dão as relações entre a educação popular e a universidade, o presente artigo realiza um breve resgate histórico da educação popular e aborda o elitismo, colonialismo e crescente mercantilização das universidades convencionais, bem como a pluralidade de experiências populares que têm vindo a ser desenvolvidas no ensino superior para, em seguida, apresentar a Universidade Popular dos Movimentos Sociais (UPMS), demonstrando as divergências e convergências entre ela e as demais experiências. O trabalho conclui defendendo a complementariedade entre a pedagogia do oprimido que inspira a educação popular e a pedagogia da articulação posta em prática pela UPMS.
Pesquisa em Extensão Popular no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da UFPB
Authors: Araújo Renan Soares de , Cruz Pedro José Santos Carneiro
Published: December 2024

Este artigo aborda aspectos epistemológicos e metodológicos da pesquisa em extensão popular produzida no âmbito do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação (PPGE), da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Para tanto, realizou-se uma investigação epistemológica – pesquisa sobre a pesquisa –, com abordagem qualitativa dos dados, na perspectiva de compor um “estado da arte”. Como resultado, verifica-se que as pesquisas em extensão popular são predominantemente de natureza qualitativa, prevalecendo o desenvolvimento de modalidades de pesquisa participativas, tendo a dialética como método mais empregado e o referencial teórico de autores variados, sendo Paulo Freire uma unanimidade. Por fim, conclui-se que as produções do PPGE se utilizam de diferentes fundamentos epistemológicos e teórico-metodológicos, evocando a possibilidade da produção de conhecimentos alinhados com o entendimento da pesquisa como um instrumento em favor da compreensão da realidade e transformação das próprias práticas.
Intelectuais Negras Insurgentes, Interseccionalidades e Educação para Emancipação Humana
Authors: Cordeiro Ana Luisa Alves
Published: December 2024

Experiências que colocam em diálogo a indissociabilidade do ensino, pesquisa e extensão, na perspectiva de uma educação popular voltada para emancipação humana, têm sido giros importantes para a construção de outras sociabilidades. O objetivo é analisar o Projeto de Extensão “Oyá Ciclo Formativo em Feminismos Negros”, realizado pelo Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisa sobre Relações Raciais e Educação, de junho a dezembro de 2023, no âmbito do Programa de Extensão “Ação Afirmativa no Ensino Superior: articulações de vivências e saberes na UFMT – Edição 2023”. Caracteriza-se enquanto uma análise qualitativa, do tipo bibliográfica e documental, a partir da categoria teórico-metodológica das interseccionalidades. A extensão promoveu processos formativos a partir dos Feminismos Negros Insurgentes na interface com a educação e a arte, da compreensão de como raça, gênero e classe, e outras intersecções operam no concreto da vida das mulheres negras, bem como de outras mulheres da Amazônia Legal.
A Hierarchical Framework for Selecting Reference Measures for the Analytical Validation of Sensor-Based Digital Health Technologies
Authors: Bakker Jessie P , McClenahan Samantha J , Fromy Piper , Turner Simon , Peterson Barry T , Vandendriessche Benjamin , Goldsack Jennifer C
Published: December 2024

Sensor-based digital health technologies (sDHTs) are increasingly used to support scientific and clinical decision-making. The digital clinical measures they generate offer enormous benefits, including providing more patient-relevant data, improving patient access, reducing costs, and driving inclusion across health care ecosystems. Scientific best practices and regulatory guidance now provide clear direction to investigators seeking to evaluate sDHTs for use in different contexts. However, the quality of the evidence reported for analytical validation of sDHTs—evaluation of algorithms converting sample-level sensor data into a measure that is clinically interpretable—is inconsistent and too often insufficient to support a particular digital measure as fit-for-purpose. We propose a hierarchical framework to address challenges related to selecting the most appropriate reference measure for conducting analytical validation and codify best practices and an approach that will help capture the greatest value of sDHTs for public health, patient care, and medical product development.
Authenticated Access Control for Vehicle Ignition System and Long Range Vehicle Monitoring System based on LoRa WAN Protocol
Authors: D Anand H , V Jeevan K , R Girish G , N Manoj K , H Mahimashankar K
Published: December 2024

Abstract: The development of LPWAN technology is gradually becoming an evolution for its significant improvements of signal
sensitivity and noise tolerance. At present, however, many IoT applications, such as Gsm location tracking , are still using the
communication technology of traditional mobile network, which consumes considerable power and suffers from high
communication cost. In this project a long-range vehicle monitoring system, based on the LoRaWAN protocol[1]. We clarify the
system parameters and determine its communication range. This prototype system is implemented to track the vehicle route in
real time, to monitor the health of vehicle, biometric authentication for ignition of vehicle . With the data collected from the
prototype system, the relationship between the Packet Delivery Rate(PDR) and Signal to Noise Ratio(SNR) is built. Considering
the impact of signal contention, a model is theoretically verified to decide the PDR under different node count and duty cycle.
Finally, the communication range is concluded and a solution is proposed for setting up a Authenticated Access Control for
Vehicle Ignition System and Long range Vehicle monitoring system based LoRaWAN protocol. This system in the real by
LoRaWAN, which reduces power consumption and eases gateway deployment[1].
Promoting Mental Health as an HIV Prevention Strategy in Low-Income Settings
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Published: December 2024

The intersection of mental health and HIV prevention is a critical issue, particularly in low-income settings where both challenges are prevalent. Individuals living with mental health conditions are at an increased risk of engaging in HIV-related risk behaviors, such as unprotected sex, substance abuse, and neglecting HIV care. This review explores the role of mental health promotion as an essential strategy in HIV prevention, emphasizing the need for integrated approaches that address both mental health and HIV risk. By fostering mental well-being through psychological support, psychoeducation, and community-based interventions, mental health promotion can play a significant role in reducing HIV transmission in these vulnerable populations. In many low-resource settings, the lack of access to mental health services is compounded by cultural stigma, limited healthcare infrastructure, and financial constraints. Despite these challenges, effective mental health interventions, such as counseling, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and community-based programs, have shown promise in improving mental health outcomes and reducing HIV risk behaviors. Integrating mental health support into HIV care settings and ensuring that healthcare providers are trained to address mental health needs can substantially improve both mental and physical health outcomes, leading to a reduction in HIV transmission.
Keywords: mental health, HIV prevention, low-income settings, psychological support, health outcomes
Supporting Elderly Populations with Tailored HIV Prevention Messages
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Published: December 2024

As global life expectancy increases, HIV prevention strategies must adapt to address the unique needs of elderly populations, who are often overlooked in traditional HIV prevention efforts. While HIV is typically associated with younger adults, the elderly are increasingly at risk due to factors such as unprotected sex, misconceptions about HIV transmission, and reduced awareness of prevention methods. This review explores the need for tailored HIV prevention messages for older adults, emphasizing the importance of addressing barriers such as age-related stigma, healthcare access, and a lack of HIV-related education. By considering these factors, healthcare providers and public health campaigns can better support elderly individuals in preventing HIV and improving overall health outcomes. Older adults face unique challenges in HIV prevention, such as misconceptions about HIV risk, physical changes related to aging, and the stigma surrounding both aging and sexual health. Many elderly individuals may not perceive themselves as at risk for HIV, leading to a lack of preventive measures like condom use or HIV testing. Additionally, healthcare systems may not prioritize HIV prevention for older adults, leading to underreporting of sexual activity and missed opportunities for education and testing. To address these challenges, it is essential to create HIV prevention messages that are culturally sensitive, clear, and specifically designed for the elderly population, encouraging open dialogue about sexual health and HIV prevention.
Keywords: HIV, elderly populations, tailored messages, healthcare strategies, aging and HIV
Empowering Girls with HIV Prevention Skills in Low-Resource Schools: A Review
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Published: December 2024

HIV remains a significant health challenge globally, and adolescent girls in low-resource settings are disproportionately affected due to factors such as limited access to sexual health education and gender inequality. Empowering girls with HIV prevention skills in schools, particularly in low-resource areas, is a crucial strategy in reducing their vulnerability to HIV. This review explores the importance of HIV prevention education in schools and how tailored approaches can effectively empower girls with the knowledge and skills necessary to protect themselves from HIV. By focusing on the role of education in these communities, this article discusses how schools can act as key platforms for delivering HIV prevention messages and resources. The article identifies several barriers to effective HIV prevention education, including lack of trained teachers, inadequate educational materials, and socio-cultural stigmas surrounding discussions of sexual health. It also highlights the importance of involving the broader community, including parents, local leaders, and healthcare providers, to support and reinforce HIV education efforts. Strategies such as integrating HIV prevention into the school curriculum, training educators, and promoting peer-led initiatives are explored as effective ways to reach girls and provide them with practical skills for HIV prevention.
Keywords: HIV prevention, girls’ empowerment, low-resource schools, education, sexual health
Dentaltrack web-based application in managing dental health laboratory tools and materials
Authors: Widiyastuti Rini , Sasongko Bimo Gigih , Purnama Tedi , Suharja Eliati Sri
Published: December 2024

Practice consumables are materials or goods that can only be used once or several times. Dental Health Education Laboratories in Indonesia still do not have a good system in managing the practice tools and materials used in their operations and are carried out manually, resulting in frequent stockouts. A web-based dental health laboratory practice tool and material management application is an information system designed to overcome problems and improve the quality of practice tool and material management in dental health education laboratories. Objective: The study aims to develop a web-based dental health laboratory practice tool and material management application and implement a web-based dental health laboratory practice tool and material management application in the Dental Health Department. This research method uses the RAD (Rapid Application Development) method for the reason of shortening the system processing time and with UML (Unified Modeling Language) as its development tool. While the application itself is made using the PHP & MySQL programming languages ​​and Ajax to help the automatic data retrieval process. This study produces a web-based Dentaltrack application that is able to integrate all parts of the dental health education laboratory service so that it can increase the effectiveness of services to dental health students.
Keywords: Dentaltrack, application, managing, dental health, laboratory
A Community-Centric Approach to HIV Awareness and Prevention: Bridging Local Needs and Global Goals
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Published: December 2024

The HIV epidemic continues to pose significant challenges worldwide, particularly within marginalized and high-risk communities that face social, economic, and structural barriers to healthcare. A community-centric approach to HIV awareness and prevention emphasizes the importance of partnering with local communities to develop interventions that align with their unique cultural, social, and healthcare needs. By involving local leaders, utilizing peer education models, and fostering cultural competency, community-centered strategies empower individuals and promote sustainable changes in health behaviors, ultimately creating more resilient and informed communities. Central to a community-centric approach is the concept of trust-building through local engagement. Leveraging community assets—such as local knowledge, social networks, and grassroots organizations—these interventions address common barriers like stigma and misinformation while enhancing access to HIV testing, education, and preventative healthcare services. Case studies from diverse regions highlight how community-driven programs have effectively reduced stigma, improved health literacy, and increased uptake of HIV prevention services. This approach not only improves awareness but also nurtures a supportive environment where individuals feel empowered to access healthcare and preventative resources.
Keywords: HIV awareness, community-centered approach, public health, prevention strategies, grassroots engagement
Empathy and Awareness: Shifting Perceptions on HIV in Underserved Communities
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Published: December 2024

HIV continues to disproportionately affect underserved communities, where stigma, misinformation, and limited healthcare access often hinder effective prevention and treatment. This review explores the role of empathy and awareness in transforming attitudes toward HIV in these communities. Empathy-driven interventions, alongside targeted awareness campaigns, can reduce stigma, promote understanding, and encourage individuals to engage in HIV testing and prevention. By humanizing the issue of HIV, these initiatives foster compassion, shift perceptions, and create supportive environments for people living with HIV, ultimately improving health outcomes. The review highlights the importance of culturally sensitive HIV education and the critical role of peer-led initiatives in changing community perceptions. Peer educators, especially those living with HIV, help break down barriers by offering relatable, nonjudgmental support. These programs empower individuals to take charge of their health and seek HIV-related care without fear of discrimination. Through local influencers, such as community leaders and healthcare workers, awareness campaigns can effectively challenge harmful myths and promote accurate information about HIV transmission, prevention, and treatment.
Keywords: Empathy, HIV awareness, underserved communities, stigma reduction, healthcare access
Reducing Mother-to-Child Transmission: Affordable Solutions in Low-Income Nations
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Published: December 2024

Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV remains a significant challenge in low-income nations, where limited resources and healthcare infrastructure complicate the implementation of effective prevention strategies. This review explores affordable solutions for reducing MTCT, focusing on key interventions such as early HIV diagnosis, simplified antiretroviral therapy (ART), and breastfeeding management. We highlight the importance of cost-effective diagnostic tools, ART regimens, and community-based approaches that can be scaled in resource-constrained settings. Despite challenges, affordable interventions have proven to significantly reduce transmission rates and improve maternal and child health outcomes. The review emphasizes the critical role of early diagnosis and point-of-care testing in identifying HIV-positive mothers early in pregnancy, enabling timely access to ART. Simplified ART regimens, including fixed-dose combinations, offer an affordable and effective way to reduce viral load and prevent transmission during pregnancy and childbirth. Furthermore, managing breastfeeding through ART and safe feeding practices is essential to mitigate risks during the postpartum period, where transmission is often most likely.
Keywords: Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), HIV prevention, antiretroviral therapy (ART), low-income nations, affordable solutions
Antioxidants and the Prevention of Congenital Heart Defects
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi , Obeagu Getrude Uzoma
Published: December 2024

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are among the most prevalent congenital anomalies, contributing significantly to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Emerging evidence indicates that oxidative stress is a key factor in the etiology of CHDs, as increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during critical periods of fetal development can lead to cellular damage and impaired cardiac morphogenesis. This narrative review explores the mechanisms by which oxidative stress contributes to the development of congenital heart defects and highlights the role of antioxidants in mitigating these effects. Antioxidants, including vitamins C and E, selenium, and coenzyme Q10, have demonstrated potential in reducing oxidative damage and supporting maternal and fetal health. Their ability to neutralize ROS can help protect developing cardiac tissues from oxidative injury, thereby promoting normal cardiac development. This review examines current research on the impact of antioxidant supplementation on pregnancy outcomes and its implications for preventing congenital heart defects.
Keywords: Antioxidants, congenital heart defects, oxidative stress, maternal health, prenatal nutrition
A Review on Socioeconomic Divide: Implications for Health Outcomes and Oral Health
Authors: Panigrahi Priyanca , Satyarup Dharmashree , Nanda Jagruti
Published: December 2024

Social inequality has a substantial influence on oral health and health outcomes in general. It takes many different forms, including differences in wealth and educational attainment. Prominent health inequalities are caused by the unequal distribution of opportunities and resources, which is influenced by socioeconomic, racial, and geographic variables. Unfair health disparities are caused by a variety of factors, including as living circumstances, health-related behaviours, and biological variance. These differences, which mostly impact lower socioeconomic groups, threaten social cohesiveness, impair economic stability, and intensify emotional stress. In order to address these problems, more inclusive definitions of health are needed, along with fair policy. Addressing these gaps requires comprehensive efforts to enhance general health and eliminate inequities, including those in dental treatment. Public health plays a vital role in this regard.
Keywords: Health, Inequality, Perspective, Social inequality
Oxidative Stress and Pregnancy-induced Hypertension: Antioxidant Solutions
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Published: December 2024

Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is a significant complication of pregnancy, contributing to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Recent research has illuminated the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of PIH, characterized by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defenses. This review examines the mechanisms by which oxidative stress contributes to endothelial dysfunction, increased vascular resistance, and systemic inflammation in the context of PIH. By elucidating these mechanisms, the review highlights the critical need for effective strategies to mitigate oxidative stress during pregnancy. Antioxidants have emerged as potential therapeutic agents for managing oxidative stress and preventing PIH. Various antioxidants, including vitamins C and E, omega-3 fatty acids, and coenzyme Q10, have shown p.romise in reducing oxidative damage and improving vascular health during pregnancy. Clinical trials have suggested that supplementation with these antioxidants may enhance endothelial function and lower blood pressure in at-risk pregnant women, thereby decreasing the incidence of PIH and related complications.
Keywords: oxidative stress, pregnancy-induced hypertension, antioxidants, endothelial dysfunction, maternal health
Insights into Maternal Health: Mentzer Index for Early Anemia Detection
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi , Obeagu Getrude Uzoma
Published: December 2024

The Mentzer Index is a widely used hematological tool for differentiating between iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia, especially in resource-limited settings where advanced diagnostic options may be unavailable. Calculated as the ratio of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) to red blood cell (RBC) count, it provides a quick and accessible method for anemia screening. For values over 13, iron deficiency anemia is more likely, while values below 13 typically indicate thalassemia. This simplicity makes the Mentzer Index advantageous in primary healthcare and community health settings, supporting early detection and intervention for at-risk populations, including pregnant women and children. Despite its usefulness, the Mentzer Index has limitations, including reduced specificity and accuracy in cases of coexisting anemia types, variations in age, and ethnic differences. Factors such as chronic inflammation, pregnancy-induced hemodilution, and concurrent health conditions can alter MCV and RBC values, potentially skewing the index and leading to misclassification. Additionally, the standard cut-off value may not universally apply to all populations, highlighting a need for localized studies to validate the index for diverse demographic and clinical groups. Moreover, the index is reliant on accurate laboratory results, which can be challenging in low-resource settings with limited access to quality-controlled equipment.
Keywords: Mentzer Index, anemia detection, maternal health, iron deficiency anemia, thalassemia, early diagnosis, pregnancy complications
Screening for Thalassemia Traits in Pregnancy: The Role of Mentzer Index
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi , Obeagu Getrude Uzoma
Published: December 2024

Thalassemia traits present significant challenges during pregnancy, often leading to complications such as anemia and adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Early identification of carriers is essential for managing these risks and providing appropriate care. This review article examines the Mentzer Index, a straightforward and cost-effective tool derived from complete blood count (CBC) parameters, which can effectively screen for thalassemia traits in pregnant women. By calculating the ratio of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) to red blood cell (RBC) count, the Mentzer Index serves as a valuable first-line screening measure, facilitating timely referrals for further diagnostic testing. The relevance of early detection is underscored by the need for informed reproductive choices and tailored management strategies. Recognizing thalassemia traits allows healthcare providers to monitor affected women closely and implement appropriate interventions, ultimately improving maternal health outcomes. Furthermore, the Mentzer Index is easily applicable in various clinical settings, particularly in resource-limited environments where access to advanced laboratory testing may be limited.
Keywords: Thalassemia, pregnancy, Mentzer Index, anemia, screening, complete blood count, maternal health, carrier detection.
Scaling Down HIV: Community-Led Prevention in Developing Nations: A Review
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Published: December 2024

Community-led HIV prevention programs have become vital in reducing HIV transmission rates in developing nations, where the disease continues to exert a significant public health burden. These initiatives leverage the insights, trust, and cultural understanding of local populations to engage vulnerable groups, increase awareness, and promote safe health behaviors. Unlike traditional health interventions, community-led approaches emphasize grassroots involvement, peer education, and context-specific strategies, which have proven effective in overcoming barriers such as stigma, low health literacy, and limited healthcare accessibility. This review explores the unique elements that make community-led prevention an impactful model in HIV control. Through case studies and recent research, we highlight the effectiveness of community-led programs in regions with high HIV prevalence. From peer-led education among at-risk youth in Kenya to harm reduction efforts in India’s urban centers, these initiatives have consistently shown positive outcomes, including increased testing uptake, higher antiretroviral therapy adherence, and reduced risky behaviors. The adaptability of community-led models has allowed them to address diverse social challenges, providing culturally relevant messaging and support tailored to specific populations, such as sex workers, people who inject drugs, and adolescents. However, these programs face obstacles, including inconsistent funding, insufficient policy support, and challenges in data collection for monitoring impact.
Keywords: HIV Prevention, Community-Led Interventions, Developing Nations, Public Health, Behavioral Change
Youth-Friendly HIV Prevention: Tailoring Interventions for Young Populations
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Published: December 2024

Youth-friendly HIV prevention is a crucial component of global efforts to combat the HIV epidemic, particularly among adolescents and young adults, who represent a significant proportion of new HIV infections. Tailoring HIV prevention interventions to the unique needs of young people—who often face distinct challenges such as limited access to healthcare, stigma, and developmental factors—has shown promising results. These interventions include age-appropriate education, peer-led programs, digital tools, and family engagement, which have been shown to enhance knowledge, encourage safe practices, and increase HIV testing and treatment adherence. This review explores these tailored approaches, examining their effectiveness and the critical role they play in empowering young populations to reduce HIV transmission. Adolescents and young adults face numerous risk factors that heighten their vulnerability to HIV, including experimental behaviors, socio-economic disparities, and lack of comprehensive sexual health education. Youth-friendly HIV prevention strategies focus on addressing these risks through culturally relevant, accessible, and non-judgmental interventions. Programs that incorporate peer education, digital platforms, and family involvement foster an environment in which young people feel supported in seeking information, guidance, and health services. Research demonstrates that when HIV prevention services are adapted to the specific needs and preferences of young people, they are more likely to engage, adopt safer behaviors, and reduce the stigma associated with HIV.
Keywords: Youth-friendly services, HIV prevention, adolescents, tailored interventions, risk reduction
Affordable Access: Making HIV Testing and Counseling Available to All
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Published: December 2024

HIV testing and counseling (HTC) are fundamental components of the global strategy to reduce the transmission of HIV and ensure early diagnosis and treatment. However, despite their critical importance, access to these services remains a challenge, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This review examines the importance of affordable access to HIV testing and counseling, the barriers to widespread availability, and strategies to overcome these challenges. It highlights the key role of HTC in the prevention and care continuum, emphasizing the need for universal access to achieve global health equity and reduce HIV-related morbidity and mortality. The review explores various factors that hinder access to affordable HIV testing and counseling, such as cost, stigma, and logistical challenges, including geographic barriers and inadequate healthcare infrastructure. These barriers disproportionately affect marginalized populations, including those in rural areas and high-risk groups. Furthermore, the review discusses the social and psychological factors that contribute to the underutilization of HTC services, such as fear of discrimination and lack of awareness about the importance of regular HIV testing.
Keywords: HIV Testing, HIV Counseling, Affordable Healthcare, Global Health Equity, HIV Prevention
Faith-based initiatives, HIV awareness, religious communities, health education, stigma reduction
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Published: December 2024

Faith-based initiatives have emerged as a powerful tool in addressing the global HIV/AIDS epidemic, particularly in communities where access to healthcare services may be limited or where stigma surrounding the disease remains high. Religious communities often have deep-rooted social influence and can serve as trusted platforms for spreading HIV awareness, promoting prevention measures, and reducing stigma associated with the disease. This review examines the role of faith-based organizations (FBOs) in HIV education and care, highlighting successful programs that leverage religious teachings to foster behavioral change, while also addressing the challenges these initiatives face, such as doctrinal conflicts and community resistance. One of the significant advantages of faith-based initiatives is their ability to reach vulnerable populations in a culturally sensitive and compassionate manner. Religious leaders can use their influence to normalize HIV-related discussions, advocate for safe-sex practices, and offer support to individuals living with HIV. FBOs also play a crucial role in reducing HIV-related stigma by framing HIV care within the context of love, compassion, and moral responsibility, which can create a more accepting environment for affected individuals. By integrating HIV education into religious settings, faith-based initiatives help bridge the gap between public health messages and local cultural values.
Keywords: Faith-based initiatives, HIV awareness, Stigma reduction, Religious communities, HIV prevention
Preparation and Evaluation for Pulstile Release Capsules of Phenytoin
Authors: Mandal Kalidas , Jat Rakesh Kumar
Published: December 2024

The core Eighty tablets were evaluated for their drug concentration, hardness weight fluctuation thickness, friability, and disintegration speed. Identify the tablet actual thickness, followed by its diameter, was determined by calipers like vernier calipers, where a sample of 5 to 6 tablets was randomly selected and the average values of thickness and diameter were determined. The standard USP method was used to test the pills' different weights. From the batch, 20 pills were arbitrarily selected, and each one was weighed to ensure for weight. variance. A percentage deviation from the average weight was calculated.
Keywords: Phenytoin, polyethylene glycol 4000, sodium chloride, purified talc, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose