bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgical Approach for Pericardial Fenestration Name Change Proposal from Subxiphoid to Substernal
Authors: Valchev Daniel , Petrov Danail
Published: March 2022

Various surgical approaches for pericardial fenestration are described in the medical literature and are used in practice. Each of them has its advantages and disadvantages depending on the cause suggesting the need of pericardial fenestration. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate whether the substernal approach after resection of the xiphoid process is a safe and effective approach to the surgical treatment of pericardial tamponade. From 2000 to 2017 in the Clinic of Thoracic Surgery at the University Hospital “Prof. Dr. St. Kirkovich” – Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria, and in the Clinic of Thoracic Surgery at the University Hospital for Active Treatment of Pulmonary Diseases “St. Sophia”, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University – Sofia, Bulgaria, a total of seventy-one patients were diagnosed with pericardial effusion, respectively pericardial tamponade, and due to this underwent surgery. In thirty-two of them, the pericardial effusion was accompanied by a malignant pleural effusion (MPE). The VATS – Fenestratio pericardii procedure was performed on 29 patients while substernal pericardial fenestration was performed on the remaining 42 patients. Operative and perioperative mortality was not reported. Operative complications such as bleeding, damage to the coronary artery or myocardium did not occur. The average operating time was 38 min and the average length of hospital stay was 5 days. After resection and removal of the xiphoid process, the surgeon has sufficient and comfortable working space. The substernal approach after resection of the xiphoid process is a safe and effective approach to the surgical treatment of pericardial tamponade.
The Effects of Abdominal Meridian Massage on Abdominal Distention, Pain, and Recovery of Bowel Motility after Sedated Colonoscopy
Authors: Jo Woo Hyun , Kim Myo Sung
Published: March 2022

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of abdominal meridian massage on abdominal distention, abdominal pain, and bowel motility recovery after sedated colonoscopy.Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted from July 29, 2019 to September 10, 2019. Participants who underwent sedated colonoscopy at a general hospital in B city were assigned to experimental and control groups (n=27 each). The experimental group received abdominal meridian massage for 10 minutes at five acupoints (cheonchu, jungwan, gwanwon, gihae, daehoeng) post-colonoscopy. As outcomes, abdominal distention (subjective sensation of abdominal bloating and abdominal circumference), abdominal pain, and recovery of bowel movement (time of return of bowel sounds and passing gas post-colonoscopy) were measured. Data were analyzed using the independent t-test, x2 test, Fisher's exact test, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and repeated-measures ANCOVA using SPSS for Windows version 25.0.Results: Statistically significant between-group differences were found for subjective sensation of abdominal bloating (F=3.89, p<.024), abdominal circumference (F=11.05, p<.001), time of return of bowel sounds (x2=33.40, p<.001) and passing gas (x2=32.88, p<.001), but not abdominal pain.Conclusion: Abdominal meridian massage reduced abdominal distention and was effective for the early return of bowel function. Therefore, abdominal meridian massage can be used as a nursing intervention for relieving abdominal discomfort post-colonoscopy.
The Process of Situational Awareness Embodiment of Perioperative Scrub Nurses: An Analytic Induction Approach
Authors: Park Boo Hyo , Chang Sung Ok
Published: March 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to identify and explore how perioperative scrub nurses embody their situational awareness to elucidate the association between research and application.Methods: This qualitative study employed an analytical induction approach. The analytical method reconstructed by Bloor (1978) and modified by Johnson (2004) was used to investigate and analyze the phenomenon in clinical practice. The study was conducted from January 12 to May 20, 2019. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews; the study subjects included 12 perioperative scrub nurses working at three university hospitals.Results: Perioperative scrub nurses embodied situational awareness by comparing and identifying general and abnormal situations throughout surgical procedures, setting priorities in their tasks, responding to situations according to the degree of emergency in the operating room, and developing an integrated view. Perioperative scrub nurses embodied situational awareness through typical patterns involving empirical cases based on experiences, apprenticeship-oriented training, information exchange among surgical team members, and self-directed simulation. Professional responsibility and the level of surgical emergency played an essential role in embodying these patterns.Conclusion: These findings will provide practical categories that will contribute to the development of strategies for practical education of novice perioperative scrub nurses and nursing students.
Comparative Study of the Environmental and Sanitary Impacts of two fish Smoking Systems (Traditional Oven and FTT Oven) used by the Women of Guessabo (Ivory Coast)
Authors: Ambroise Ossehin , Olivier Etchian Assoi , Jean Seka Yapoga , Eudes Yves Gnagne Agness Essoh Jean , Bernard Yapo Ossey
Published: March 2022

Women use traditional methods for smoking in Côte d'Ivoire. These methods have an impact on the environment and their health because of the emission of CO2 which is a greenhouse gas and other gases (VOCs, PAHs...), carcinogenic and dangerous for the respiratory system. In 2013, an improved kiln, called FAO-Thiaroye Processing Technique (FTT) was introduced in Côte d'Ivoire in order to reduce the health and environmental impacts. The objective of this study is to compare the environmental and health impacts between traditional and improved ovens used by women in Guessabo. This study involved 45 fish smokers using traditional stoves, 34 smokers using FTT stoves and 50 controls. It was conducted from January to December 2017. The data collection methodology included questionnaire survey, interviews, observations, and medical prospection. Also, baseline spirometry and bronchial metacholine reversibility test in each woman were performed. Bronchial hyperreactivity was obserbed to be more frequent in women smokers who practice with traditional furnaces. Three measurement campaigns of Carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOC) and Nitric oxide (NO) were carried out. The level of CO measured at the traditional sites varies from 19 to 184 mg/m3. It is often higher than the acceptable limit value (50mg/m3). However, these gas levels were very low with the use of FTT furnaces.
Performance of New Line Search Methods with Three-Term Hybrid Descent Approach for Unconstrained Optimization Problems
Authors: Olumide Okundalaye Oluwaseun
Published: March 2022

In this paper, l demonstrates the performance and efficiency of new line search methods with three-term hybrid descent method for the solution of unconstrained optimization problems (UOPs). The techniques advanced the sustainable range of step-length to a broader level than the previous studies and gave a suitable initial step-length at each step of the iterations. The global convergence rate of the new line with three-term hybrid descent method search is carried studied. Some numerical results through performance profile shows that among the new search method modified Wolfe line search method in CPU time and iterations is best in practical computation.
Opportunities and Constraints for Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience Building among the Kenyan Pastoral Communities, Mandera County, Kenya
Authors: Irungu Francis Kamau , Manguriu Daniel , Mokaya Dennis
Published: March 2022

Climate-related hazards have been recorded as the main triggers for major disasters worldwide. However, extensive research in Opportunities and Constraints for Disaster Risk Reduction Interventions is greatly lacking. This study sought to research on this gap among pastoral communities of Mandera County. Three sampling techniques; stratified sampling, simple random and purposive sampling were used to collect data and information from key informants with a sample size of 157. The findings were analysed with Statistical Package of Social Sciences and Excel. Data were presented in tables, pie-chart and graphs. The hypothesis was tested by Chi-Square (X2). The null hypothesis of drought shocks had no association with effective and affordable practices of drought mitigation and preparedness in Mandera County, χ2 =4.468, DF=6, P=0.624, failed to be rejected.
Estimation of Total Phenolic and Total Flavonoid Contents, In-Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Median Inhibitory Concentration of Methanol Root Extract of Ximenia americana, L. Olacaceae
Authors: David Bagu Great , Omale Simeon , Iorjiim Walter Mdekera , Joseph Chock Jessy , Gyang Steven Samuel , Nguru Mary Ogonnaya
Published: March 2022

Background: This research was carried out to estimate the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, assayed the in-vitro antioxidant potential, and estimate the median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the methanol root extract of Ximenia americana, Linn.

Study Design: It was an experimental study design.

Methods: Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extract were determined by spectrophotometry using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and Aluminum chloride colorimetric assay, readings were taken at 750 nm, and 415 nm wavelength respectively. The results were expressed in terms of Gallic acid and Rutin standards equivalent. The in-vitro antioxidant activity and the IC50 of the plant material were investigated by its ability to scavenge free radicals, using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. Similarly, the total percentage yield of the extract was estimated from the crude.

Results: The crude root powder of Ximenia americana showed a total extract yield of 20.06%w/w. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined to be 3.501 ± 0.774 mg GAE/g, and 10.644 ± 0.20 mg RE/g extract. The extract displayed concentration-dependent DPPH free radical scavenging activity, with the highest concentration (200 µg/mL) inhibiting 60.93% of DPPH free radical, and the IC50 of the extract was determined to be 69.01 µg/mL.

Conclusions: Ximenia americana L methanol root extract has a yield of 20.06%w/w, and a total phenolic content of 3.501± 0.774 mg GAE/g, total flavonoids content of 10.644 ± 0.20 mg RE/g, and IC50 of 69.01 µg/mL, also, the extract possesses a potent antioxidant activity by its ability to inhibit DPPH activity.
The Effects of the Intervention Program on Low Achiever Students’ Learning Achievement in Classroom
Authors: Subba Sha Bahadur , Gotamey Hem Kumar
Published: March 2022

Low achiever students can transform into academically successful individuals if teachers prioritize educational equity through intervention program in the classrooms. This paper presents the impact of intervention program on 18 low achiever students of two different grades in a primary school, carried out within the period of four months. This mixed, observational descriptive study of longitudinal design used instruments like block tests and exams to collect quantitative data, and teachers’ observation records to collect qualitative data after interventions in the classrooms by the researchers. The result revealed significant improvement in scores of block tests and exams, and display of positive behavior towards learning by the participants. Findings from the data sources concluded that the intervention program implemented on the low achiever students could significantly improve the learning achievement and develop positive attitude towards learning.  This research comes as a solution to the teachers who are struggling to improve the academic performance of low performing students and to the students who are pathetically struggling to improve themselves in the classrooms. Therefore, this research finding demonstrates that equal treatment to all the students in the classroom is a biased practice. Treating students according to their needs is the solution to support all and that is the educational equity.
A Study on Variation of Origin of Gastroduodenal Artery
Authors: Gawali Rohan A. , Anjankar Sumedha , Balwir Trupti , Gajbe Ujwal , Singh Brij Raj , Anjankar Vaibhav
Published: March 2022

Aim: The aim of the study is to note the variation in the origin of Gastroduodenal artery (GDA).

In a study done on 30 cadavers at Seth G.S. Medical College and K.E.M. Hospital, Mumbai, India, during the period 2011–2012, it was found that there was a rare type of branching pattern of the gastroduodenal artery (GDA). The knowledge of variations is very important during the operative, diagnostic and endovascular procedures. Variations in the branching pattern of the cystic artery often occur and may be encountered during cholecystectomy or laparoscopic cholecystectomy and hepatobiliary surgeries. This study describes unusual origin of cystic artery from the gastro duodenal artery as found during routine dissection in a cadaver. The embryological development and clinical importance of such a variation have been emphasized.
Lysosomes and lysosome‐related organelles in immune responses
Authors: Watts Colin
Published: February 2022

The catabolic, degradative capacity of the endo‐lysosome system is put to good use in mammalian immune responses as is their recently established status as signaling platforms. From the ‘creative destruction’ of antigenic and ‘self’ material for antigen presentation to T cells to the re‐purposing of lysosomes as toxic exocytosable lysosome‐related organelles (granules) in leukocytes such as CD8 T cells and eosinophils, endo‐lysosomes are key players in host defense. Signaled responses to some pathogen products initiate in endo‐lysosomes and these organelles are emerging as important in distinct ways in the unique immunobiology of dendritic cells. Potential self‐inflicted toxicity from lysosomal and granule proteases is countered by expression of serpin and cystatin family members.
Quantitative Study on the Evolution of Microstructure, Strength, and Electrical Conductivity of the Annealed Oxygen‐Free Copper Wires
Authors: Sun Pengfei , Li Zhiwei , Hou Jiapeng , Xu Aimin , Wang Qiang , Zhang Yi , Zhang Zhenjun , Zhang Penglin , Zhang Zhefeng
Published: March 2022

In the process of electric power transmission, the defects in the copper wire interact with the electrons which results in a thermal effect, accordingly, causing the changes of microstructure and properties of the copper wire. Herein, the evolution of microstructure, strength, and electrical conductivity of the oxygen‐free copper wires annealed at different temperatures is investigated. In addition, the effects of various microstructures on strength and electrical conductivity are quantitatively revealed. In the low‐temperature region (80–150 °C), dislocation recovery is the main reason for the decrease in strength; while, the increase in electrical conductivity is mainly due to the decrease in dislocation density and the transformation of grain boundary from nonequilibrium state to equilibrium state. In the high‐temperature region (above 210 °C), the strength loss is mainly related to the increasing recrystallized grain size and the disappearance of dislocations in the recrystallized region. The increase in electrical conductivity is mainly attributed to the significant decrease in grain boundary density and the further recovery of dislocations.
A Selective Targeting Anchor Strategy Affords Efficient and Stable Ideal‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liang Zheng , Xu Huifen , Zhang Yong , Liu Guozhen , Chu Shenglong , Tao Yuli , Xu Xiaoxiao , Xu Shendong , Zhang Liying , Chen Xiaojing , Xu Baomin , Xiao Zhengguo , Pan Xu , Ye Jiajiu
Published: March 2022

Mixed lead–tin perovskite solar cells (LTPSCs) with an ideal bandgap are demonstrated as a promising candidate to reach higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) than their Pb‐counterparts. Herein, a Br‐free mixed lead–tin perovskite material, FA0.8MA0.2Pb0.8Sn0.2I3, with a bandgap of 1.33 eV, as a perovskite absorber, is selected. Through density functional theory calculations and optoelectronic techniques, it is demonstrated that both Pb‐ and Sn‐related A‐site vacancies are pushed into deeper energetic depth, causing severe nonradiative recombination. Hence, a selective targeting anchor strategy that employs phenethylammonium iodide and ethylenediamine diiodide as co‐modifiers to selectively anchor with Pb‐ and Sn‐related active sites and passivate bimetallic traps, respectively, is established. Furthermore, the selectivity of the molecular oriented anchor passivation is demonstrated through energetic depth specificity of Pb‐ and Sn‐related traps. As a result, a substantially enhanced open‐circuit voltage (VOC) from 0.79 to 0.90 V for the LTPSCs is achieved, yielding a champion PCE of 22.51%, which is the highest PCE among the reported ideal‐bandgap PSCs. The VOC loss is reduced to 0.43 V.
Seed‐Crystal‐Induced Cold Sintering Toward Metal Halide Transparent Ceramic Scintillators
Authors: Han Kai , Sakhatskyi Kostiantyn , Jin Jiance , Zhang Qinyuan , Kovalenko Maksym V. , Xia Zhiguo
Published: March 2022

Scintillators with high spatial resolution at a low radiation dose rate are desirable for X‐ray medical imaging. To challenge the state‐of‐art technology, it is necessary to design large‐area wafers with high light yield, oriented light transport, and reduced light scattering. Here, a seed‐crystal‐induced cold sintering is adopted and a <001>‐textured TPP2MnBr4 (TPP: tetraphenylphosphonium) transparent ceramic is fabricated with a large‐area wafer of 5 cm in diameter, exhibiting high optical transparency of above 68% over the 450–600 nm range. The compelling scintillation performance of the TPP2MnBr4 wafer includes a light yield of ≈78 000 ± 2000 photons per MeV, a low detection limit 8.8 nanograys per second, about 625 times lower than the requirement of X‐ray diagnostics (5500 nanograys per second), and an energy resolution of 17% for high‐energy γ‐rays (662 keV). X‐ray imaging demonstrates a high spatial resolution of 15.7 lp mm−1. Moreover, the designed material exhibits good retention of the radioluminescence intensity and light yield. This work presents a paradigm for achieving light‐guiding properties with high transparency and large‐area fabrication by grain orientation engineering, and the transparent, textured metal halide ceramic scintillator is expected to provide a route for advancement in the X‐ray imaging of tomorrow.
Mulberry‐Leaves‐Derived Red‐Emissive Carbon Dots for Feeding Silkworms to Produce Brightly Fluorescent Silk
Authors: Liu Jun , Kong Taoyi , Xiong Huan‐Ming
Published: March 2022

Fluorescent silk has promising applications in dazzling textiles, biological engineering, and medical products, but the natural Bombyx mori silk has almost no fluorescence. Here carbon dots (CDs) made from mulberry leaves are reported, which have a strong near‐infrared fluorescence with absolute quantum yield of 73% and a full width at half maximum of 20 nm. After feeding with such CDs, silkworms exhibit bright red fluorescence, grow healthily, cocoon normally, and turn to moths finally. The cocoons are pink in daylight and show bright red fluorescence under ultraviolet light. After breaking out of such cocoons, the red‐emissive moths can mate and lay fluorescent eggs which would hatch normally. The growth cycle of the second generation of the test silkworm is the same as that of the control group, which means such CDs have excellent biocompatiblility. Dissection and analyses on both the test silkworms and cocoons disclose the metabolic route of the CDs, that is, the fluorescent CDs are absorbed by silkworms from alimentary canals, then transferred to silk glands, and finally to cocoons, while those unabsorbed CDs are excreted with the feces. All experimental results confirm the excellent biocompatibility and fluorescence stability of such CDs.
Boosting Energy Efficiency and Stability of Li–CO2 Batteries via Synergy between Ru Atom Clusters and Single‐Atom Ru–N4 sites in the Electrocatalyst Cathode
Authors: Lin Jiangfeng , Ding Jingnan , Wang Haozhi , Yang Xinyi , Zheng Xuerong , Huang Zechuan , Song Wanqing , Ding Jia , Han Xiaopeng , Hu Wenbin
Published: March 2022

The Li–CO2 battery is a novel strategy for CO2 capture and energy‐storage applications. However, the sluggish CO2 reduction and evolution reactions cause large overpotential and poor cycling performance. Herein, a new catalyst containing well‐defined ruthenium (Ru) atomic clusters (RuAC) and single‐atom Ru–N4 (RuSA) composite sites on carbon nanobox substrate (RuAC+SA@NCB) (NCB = nitrogen‐doped carbon nanobox) is fabricated by utilizing the different complexation effects between the Ru cation and the amine group (NH2) on carbon quantum dots or nitrogen moieties on NCB. Systematic experimental and theoretical investigations demonstrate the vital role of electronic synergy between RuAC and Ru–N4 in improving the electrocatalytic activity toward the CO2 evolution reaction (CO2ER) and CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). The electronic properties of the Ru–N4 sites are essentially modulated by the adjacent RuAC species, which optimizes the interactions with key reaction intermediates thereby reducing the energy barriers in the rate‐determining steps of the CO2RR and CO2ER. Remarkably, the RuAC+SA@NCB‐based cell displays unprecedented overpotentials as low as 1.65 and 1.86 V at ultrahigh rates of 1 and 2 A g−1, and twofold cycling lifespan than the baselines. The findings provide a novel strategy to construct catalysts with composite active sites comprising multiple atom assemblies for high‐performance metal–CO2 batteries.
Bioinspired, Omnidirectional, and Hypersensitive Flexible Strain Sensors
Authors: Liu Linpeng , Niu Shichao , Zhang Junqiu , Mu Zhengzhi , Li Jing , Li Bo , Meng Xiancun , Zhang Changchao , Wang Yueqiao , Hou Tao , Han Zhiwu , Yang Shu , Ren Luquan
Published: March 2022

Sensors are widely used in various fields, among which flexible strain sensors that can sense minuscule mechanical signals and are easy to adapt to many irregular surfaces are attractive for structure health monitoring, early detection, and failure prevention in humans, machines, or buildings. In practical applications, subtle and abnormal vibrations generated from any direction are highly desired to detect and even orientate their directions initially to eliminate potential hazards. However, it is challenging for flexible strain sensors to achieve hypersensitivity and omnidirectionality simultaneously due to the restrictions of many materials with anisotropic mechanical/electrical properties and some micro/nanostructures they employed. Herein, it is revealed that the vision‐degraded scorpion detects subtle vibrations spatially and omnidirectionally using a slit sensillum with fan‐shaped grooves. A bioinspired flexible strain sensor consisting of curved microgrooves arranged around a central circle is devised, exhibiting an unprecedented gauge factor of over 18 000 and stability over 7000 cycles. It can sense and recognize vibrations of diverse input waveforms at different locations, bouncing behaviors of a free‐falling bead, and human wrist pulses regardless of sensor installation angles. The geometric designs can be translated to other material systems for potential applications including human health monitoring and engineering failure detection.
Stereoselective Palladium‐Catalyzed C(sp3)−H Mono‐Arylation of Piperidines and Tetrahydropyrans with a C(4) Directing Group
Authors: Piticari Amalia‐Sofia , Antermite Daniele , Higham Joe I. , Moore J. Harry , Webster Matthew P. , Bull James A.
Published: March 2022

A selective Pd‐catalyzed C(3)−H cis‐functionalization of piperidine and tetrahydropyran carboxylic acids is achieved using a C(4) aminoquinoline amide auxiliary. High mono‐ and cis‐selectivity is attained by using mesityl carboxylic acid as an additive. Conditions are developed with significantly lower reaction temperatures (≤50 °C) than other reported heterocycle C(sp3)−H functionalization reactions, which is facilitated by a DoE optimization. A one‐pot C−H functionalization‐epimerization procedure provides the trans‐3,4‐disubstituted isomers directly. Divergent aminoquinoline removal is accomplished with the installation of carboxylic acid, alcohol, amide and nitrile functional groups. Overall, fragment compounds suitable for screening are generated in 3–4 steps from readily‐available heterocyclic carboxylic acids.

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Distal Construction of a Carbon‐SCF2R Bond on Aliphatic Alcohols Enabled by 1,5‐Hydrogen‐Atom Transfer
Authors: Petit‐Cancelier Fabien , Ruyet Louise , Couve‐Bonnaire Samuel , Besset Tatiana
Published: March 2022

An approach for the distal construction of a C(sp3)−SCF2R bond on aliphatic alcohols enabled by 1,5‐hydrogen‐atom transfer (HAT) was developed. In the presence of a hypervalent iodine (PIDA) and readily available ArSO2SCF2R reagents, this transition metal‐free approach allowed the remote functionalization of a broad variety of alcohols with emergent and high added‐value SCF2R moieties (R=H, F, CO2Et and PO(OEt)2) under blue light irradiation.

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Hydrodynamics and morphologies of droplets coalescence on fiber
Authors: Zhang Yan , Yan Shenglin , Yang Xiaoyong , Bai Zhishan
Published: March 2022

Fiber coalescence is an effective oil–water separation technology. In this article, the micro‐coalescence process of droplets on fiber was studied through high‐speed camera technology, and the hydrodynamics and morphology evolution in the process of droplet‐fiber coalescence were explored and compared with non‐fiber system. The results show that the change of the droplet surface morphology is local at the initial stage of the coalescence process. The droplet morphology changes obviously near the neck. The growth rate of the liquid bridge and the propagation speed of capillary wave in droplet‐fiber system are higher than those in non‐fiber system. At 0.8 ms, the capillary waves' polar angle difference between the two conditions reaches 10.44°. There is an obvious periodicity and damping attenuation mechanism in the oscillation process. In the droplet‐fiber system, the oscillation process attenuates faster and the average oscillation period is shorter. The droplet relaxes to a stable state more quickly.
Psychological distress and suicidal ideation among male construction workers in the United States
Authors: Dong Xiuwen Sue , Brooks Raina D. , Brown Samantha , Harris William
Published: February 2022

Background

Male workers in the US construction industry have a higher suicide rate than other workers in the nation. However, related research on this population remains sparse. This study evaluated psychological distress and suicidal ideation in these workers, and possible underlying factors.

Methods

Data from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health from 2008 to 2014 were analyzed. Stratified and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine factors associated with psychological distress and suicidal ideation among male construction workers aged ≥18 years (n = 12,034).

Results

Nearly one‐third (29.6%) of male construction workers in the United States experienced psychological distress (23.8% graded as moderate, 5.8% as severe), and 2.5% reported suicidal ideation in the past year. Higher odds of serious psychological distress and suicidal ideation were found among workers who were younger, worked part‐time, missed workdays due to injury or illness, or were in poor health. Illicit opioid use (odds ratio [OR] = 1.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–2.89) and alcohol dependence or abuse (OR = 2.64, 95% CI: 1.74–3.99) significantly escalated the odds of suicidal ideation. The odds of suicidal ideation among workers with serious psychological distress were 33 times higher than those having no or minor psychological distress (OR = 32.91, 95% CI: 19.82–54.65) when other factors were constant.

Conclusions

Occupational and nonoccupational factors were associated with constructionworkers’ psychological distress and suicidal ideation. Both illicit opioid use and alcohol dependence or abuse were risk factors, and psychological distress was a strong predictor for suicidal ideation. To improve workers’ mental health, it is necessary to integrate workplace injury prevention with illicit opioid‐use reduction programs and suicide prevention.
Untersuchung des reaktiven Intermediats der RNA Autohydrolyse mittels kryogener Infrarotspektroskopie in der Gasphase
Authors: Greis Kim , Kirschbaum Carla , Taccone Martín I. , Götze Michael , Gewinner Sandy , Schöllkopf Wieland , Meijer Gerard , von Helden Gert , Pagel Kevin
Published: March 2022

Im Laufe der COVID‐19 Pandemie haben mRNA‐basierte Impfstoffe an immenser Bedeutung gewonnen. Massenspektrometrie ist für die Entwicklung und Analyse von modifizierten RNA Molekülen unerlässlich, setzt jedoch ein grundlegendes Verständnis über Fragmentierungsprozesse voraus. Analog zu der Zersetzung von RNA in Lösung durch Autohydrolyse, kann die Spaltung des RNA Rückgrats ebenso in der Gasphase stattfinden. Bislang sind die Fragmentierungsmechanismen jedoch unzureichend untersucht. In dieser Arbeit wurden Intermediate aus isolierten RNA Dinukleotiden in der Gasphase generiert und mittels kryogener Infrarotspektroskopie in Helium‐Nanotröpfchen untersucht. Die experimentellen Daten, unterstützt durch Dichtefunktionaltheorie, liefern Hinweise dafür, dass die Bildung eines fünfgliedrigen zyklischen Phosphat‐Intermediats begünstigt ist, während lineare oder sechsgliedrige Strukturen ausgeschlossen werden können. Weiterhin zeigen die Experimente, dass eine zusätzliche, bekannte Reaktion von RNA Nukleotiden in Lösung auch in der Gasphase induziert werden kann: die Tautomerisierung von Cytosin. Die beiden beobachteten Reaktionen spiegeln daher universelle und intrinsische Eigenschaften der untersuchten Moleküle wider.
Conjugated Polyelectrolyte‐Based Complex Fluids as Aqueous Exciton Transport Networks
Authors: Johnston Anna R. , Minckler Eris D. , Shockley Mia C. J. , Matsushima Levi N. , Perry Sarah L. , Ayzner Alexander L.
Published: March 2022

The ability to assemble artificial systems that mimic aspects of natural light‐harvesting functions is fascinating and attractive for materials design. Given the complexity of such a system, a simple design pathway is desirable. Here, we argue that associative phase separation of oppositely charged conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) can provide such a path in an environmentally benign medium: water. We find that complexation between an exciton–donor and acceptor CPE leads to formation of a complex fluid. We interrogate exciton transfer from the donor to the acceptor CPE within the complex fluid and find that transfer is highly efficient. We also find that excess molecular ions can tune the modulus of the inter‐CPE complex fluid. Even at high ion concentrations, CPEs remain complexed with significantly delocalized electronic wavefunctions. Our work lays the rational foundation for complex, tunable aqueous light‐harvesting systems via the intrinsic thermodynamics of associative phase separation.
Solvent‐Controlled Condensation of [Mo2O5(PTC4A)2]6− Metalloligand in Stepwise Assembly of Hexagonal and Rectangular Ag18 Nanoclusters
Authors: Wang Zhi , Li Li , Feng Lei , Gao Zhi‐Yong , Tung Chen‐Ho , Zheng Lan‐Sun , Sun Di
Published: March 2022

Stepwise assembly starting from a preassembled metalloligand is a promising approach to obtain otherwise unattainable silver nanoclusters, but hard to be intrinsically identified due to the lack of convincing evidence to justify such a process. Herein, hexagonal and rectangular Ag18 nanoclusters are constructed from the [Mo2O5(PTC4A)2]6− (H4PTC4A=p‐phenyl‐thiacalix[4]arene) metalloligand through stepwise assembly. The formation of the metalloligand is confirmed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, then assembled with silver ions to form two geometrically different Ag18 nanoclusters in different solvents. The cyclization from the metalloligand to [(Mo2O5PTC4A)6]12− can be realized without alcohols and otherwise blocked by them. The installation of this metalloligand not only provides comprehensive understanding of how the solvents regulate the silver nanocluster structures, but also brings new insights for the controllable ligand metallization and subsequent condensation.
Synthese N‐heterocyclischer Carbene und ihrer Komplexe durch Chloroniumionabstraktion von 2‐Chlorazoliumsalzen mit elektronenreichen Phosphanen
Authors: Böhme Matthias D. , Eder Tobias , Röthel Maike B. , Dutschke Patrick D. , Wilm Lukas F. B. , Hahn F. Ekkehardt , Dielmann Fabian
Published: March 2022

NHCs werden konventionell durch Deprotonierung von Azoliumsalzen mit starken anionischen Basen synthetisiert. Diese Reaktion ist oft unselektiv und kann zu Alkalimetall‐Komplexen der NHCs oder zu dimerisierten NHCs führen. Alternativ können NHCs durch Dechlorierung von 2‐Chlorazoliumsalzen mit elektronenreichen Phosphanen erhalten werden. PPh3, PCy3 und PtBu3 sind ungeeignet für die Cl+‐Abstraktion, während das sterisch anspruchsvolle Tris(1,3‐tert‐butylimidazolidin‐2‐ylidenamino)phosphan 1 selektiv Cl+ von 2‐Chlorazoliumsalzen entfernt. Da das sterisch anspruchsvolle 1 nicht an Metallkomplexe bindet, wurde es für die Synthese von NHC‐Komplexen durch in‐situ‐Chloroniumabstraktion von 2‐Chlorazoliumsalzen eingesetzt. Die Dechlorierung wurde auch für die regioselektive Monometallierung einer Bis‐NHC‐Ligandenvorstufe bestehend aus einer 2‐Chlorbenzimidazolium‐ und einer 2‐Chlorbenzimidazolgruppe mit IrI, IrIII, RhI, RhIII und RuII eingesetzt, gefolgt von der Synthese des heterobimetallischen IrIII/PdII‐Komplexes [18](BF4)2 in einer Dechlorierung/Oxidative‐Addition‐Reaktionssequenz.
Surface area‐enhanced flower‐shaped hair protein‐supported palladium nanoparticles as sono‐photocatalyst towards carbon–carbon bond forming reaction
Authors: Devi Priya Duraipandi , Athira Chenichery Cheruvarekil , Mohana Roopan Selvaraj
Published: March 2022

The present work has successfully highlighted the synthesis of HHP/Pd nano‐sized particles carried out by using hair protein as a capping/stabilizing/reducing agent. Morphology of HHP@Pd nanoparticle was analysed by XRD, SEM, XPS, BET, TGA, TEM, EDX, FT‐IR and zeta potential. TEM image of HHP/Pd nanoparticles, flower shape at the average size of 3.4 nm, was observed. Additionally, we investigated the catalytic property of HHP/Pd nanoparticles in the Suzuki coupling (CC) reaction which is considered to be the most important coupling reaction in terms of organic synthesis. The reaction was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). Here, we synthesized several types of coupling derivatives by various substituted boronic acids. The synthesized compounds were further confirmed using 1H, 13C NMR and HR‐MS analysis. The catalyst shows high catalyst activity to Suzuki coupling reactions under moderate responses. For all reactions, the HHP/Pd nanoparticle catalyst displayed excellent catalytic activity (>90%) with a wide range of substrates and provided five recycling runs without loss of activity.
Stabilization control of quadrotor helicopter through matching solution by controlled Lagrangian method
Authors: Liu Ce
Published: March 2022

This paper implements the controlled Lagrangian method on nonlinear quadrotor system with two degrees of underactuation. A Lagrangian system based on virtual angles is developed for the quadrotor. Based on the model, the matching conditions presented by nonlinear partial differential equations are explicitly solved for the nonlinear quadrotor system without decoupling or division. Besides, it is demonstrated that a constant controlled kinetic matrix could be utilized for energy shaping and simplify the matching conditions since gyroscopic force terms are omitted. Smooth state feedback control laws guaranteeing asymptotic stability of quadrotor system are obtained. Stability analysis and range of the control parameters are deduced based on the reshaped closed‐loop energy. Simulation for a quadrotor helicopter shows the feasibility and efficiency of the theoretical results.
Forecasting aviation safety occurrences
Authors: Flores Bruno , Rios Insua David , Alfaro Cesar , Gomez Javier
Published: February 2022

We present a general framework for aviation safety occurrence forecasting. This is a major component of a methodology for aviation safety risk management at national level. It covers novel models as well as novel combinations of earlier models. Having good quality occurrence and severity forecasting models is paramount to properly manage risks, maintain the confidence of its users and preserve the status of aviation as a safe transportation mode. The problem is involved due to the presence of complex effects like seasonality, trends, or stress that impact the rates of various occurrences and the uncertainty about future number of operations.
Population pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in Chinese adult liver transplant patients
Authors: Teng Fei , Zhang Weiyue , Wang Wei , Chen Jiani , Liu Shiyi , Li Mingming , Li Lujin , Guo Wenyuan , Wei Hua
Published: February 2022

Tacrolimus is widely used in organ transplantation to prevent rejection. However, the narrow therapeutic window and the large inter‐and intra‐individual variability in the pharmacokinetics (PK) of tacrolimus make it difficult for individualization of dosing. This study aimed at developing a population pharmacokinetic model for estimating the oral clearance of tacrolimus in Chinese liver transplant patients, and identifying factors that contribute to the PK variability of tacrolimus. Data of 151 liver transplant patients who received tacrolimus were analyzed in this study. The population PK model was analyzed and the covariates including population demographic and biochemical characteristics, drug combination, and genetic polymorphism were explored using non‐linear mixed‐effects modeling approach. A single‐compartment population PK model was developed, and the final model was CL/F = (14.6–2.38 × cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A5−3.72 × WZC+1.04 × (POD/9)+2.48 × COR) × Exp(ηi), where CYP3A5 was 1 for CYP3A5*3/*3, Wuzhi Capsule (WZC) was 1 when patients took tacrolimus combined with WZC, otherwise it was 0, corticosteroids (COR) was 1 when patients take tacrolimus combined with COR, otherwise, it was 0, POD was the post‐operative day. Visual inspection and bootstrap indicated that the final model was stable and robust. In this study, we developed the first tacrolimus population PK model in Chinese adult liver transplant patients. We first determined the influence of WZC on tacrolimus in these people, which could provide useful PK information for the drug combination of tacrolimus and WZC. We also revealed the influence of genetic polymorphism of CYP3A5, POD, and a combination of COR on tacrolimus PK. Therefore, these significant factors should be taken into consideration in optimizing dosage regimens.
The role of plant‐derived natural antioxidants in reduction of oxidative stress
Authors: Akbari Behnaz , Baghaei‐Yazdi Namdar , Bahmaie Manochehr , Mahdavi Abhari Fatemeh
Published: March 2022

Free radicals are a group of damaging molecules produced during the normal metabolism of cells in the human body. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation, cigarette smoking, and other environmental pollutants enhances free radicals in the human body. The destructive effects of free radicals may also cause harm to membranes, enzymes, and DNA, leading to several human diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis, malaria, coronavirus disease (COVID‐19), rheumatoid arthritis, and neurodegenerative illnesses. This process occurs when there is an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidant defenses. Since antioxidants scavenge free radicals and repair damaged cells, increasing the consumption of fruits and vegetables containing high antioxidant values is recommended to slow down oxidative stress in the body. Additionally, natural products demonstrated a wide range of biological impacts such as anti‐inflammatory, anti‐aging, anti‐atherosclerosis, and anti‐cancer properties. Hence, in this review article, our goal is to explore the role of natural therapeutic antioxidant effects to reduce oxidative stress in the diseases.
Wild honey poisoning: A case report from western Nepal
Authors: Paudel Anuj Krishna , Pokhrel Amrit , Gaire Suman , Paudel Ananta Hari , Poudel Sujan , Paudel Suman , Cueva Wilson , Michel George J.
Published: March 2022

Wild honey has been used for several purposes in South‐Asia and Eastern Europe since long ago. One of the commonest is medicinal purposes, especially for gastrointestinal disorders (peptic ulcer disease, dyspepsia, and gastritis), hypertension, and an aphrodisiac (sexual stimulant). However, honey produced from the nectar of few rhododendron species contains a toxin known as grayanotoxin, which acts on the sodium channel and prevents its inactivation leading to vagal activation, causing hypotension and bradycardia. Here, we report a case of 55 years woman who reported to our Emergency Department with complaints of dizziness and vomiting as well as bradycardia and hypotension. Most of the cases of wild honey poisoning resolve within the first 24 h, but in our case, the symptoms persisted for 72 h. So, we must observe patients for 72 h as some cases may last longer. Timely management of the patient can prevent fatal complications.
DoE‐Driven Development of an Organocatalytic Enantioselective Addition of Acetaldehyde to Nitrostyrenes in Water**
Authors: Nori Valeria , Sinibaldi Arianna , Giorgianni Giuliana , Pesciaioli Fabio , Di Donato Francesca , Cocco Emanuele , Biancolillo Alessandra , Landa Aitor , Carlone Armando
Published: March 2022

The development of an enantioselective enamine‐catalysed addition of masked acetaldehyde to nitroalkenes via a rational approach helped to move away from the use of chloroform. The presented research allows the use of water as a reaction medium, therefore improving the industrial relevance of a protocol to access very important pharmaceutical intermediates. Critical to the success is the use of chemometrics‐assisted ‘Design of Experiments’ (DoE) optimisation during the development of the presented new synthetic approach, which allows to investigate the chemical space in a rational way.
Decoration Strategy in Para Boron Position: An Effective Way to Achieve Ideal Multi‐Resonance Emitters
Authors: Fan Tianjiao , Zhang Yuewei , Zhang Dongdong , Duan Lian
Published: March 2022

Narrowband, full‐color, and quenching‐resistant emitters are urgently needed for the next generation high‐resolution displays. Though the flourishment of narrowband multiple resonance (MR) emitters in blue region, these materials still face thorny challenges such as effective light‐color regulation strategies and concentration‐induced spectral broadening/emission quenching. Herein, the research status of an effective “decoration strategy for para B position” is highlighted. On one hand, the introduction of an electron donor or acceptor could induce a hypsochromic‐ or bathochromic‐shift emission, respectively, without undesirable FWHM broadening. On the other hand, a more advanced molecular motif is further proposed through adopting a peripheral benzene ring on the para position of the B‐substituted phenyl in MR core to construct the high‐purity, high‐efficiency, quenching‐resistant and stable MR emitters. Such concept is expected to provide a possible way for the modification, optimization and expansion of MR emitters to meet more possible applications.
Hetero‐Substituted αβ‐Fused BODIPY
Authors: Ceugniet Fabien , Huaulmé Quentin , Sutter Alexandra , Jacquemin Denis , Leclerc Nicolas , Ulrich Gilles
Published: March 2022

Here, we report the synthesis and properties of heterosubtituted αβ‐fused BODIPY fluorophores. The compounds were obtained in good yields by sequential and selective Stille cross‐coupling reactions from 2,3,5,6‐tetrahalo‐BODIPY, allowing the introduction of different substituents at the 3,5 and 2,6 positions of the BODIPY ring. The final fused compounds were synthesized using oxidative cyclisation with ferrous chloride. The fully fused compounds show a strong bathochromically shifted emission along with a hyperchromic shift of the absorption maxima. The fluorescence quantum yields remain relatively large for compounds emitting in this wavelength range. Computational studies have been carried out to fully understand the photophysical behaviour of these dyes.
Relativistic Spin–Orbit Electronegativity and the Chemical Bond Between a Heavy Atom and a Light Atom
Authors: Cuyacot Ben Joseph R. , Novotný Jan , Berger Raphael J. F. , Komorovsky Stanislav , Marek Radek
Published: March 2022

Relativistic effects are known to alter the chemical bonds and spectroscopic properties of heavy‐element compounds. In this work, we introduce the concept of spin–orbit (SO) electronegativity of a heavy atom, as reflected by an SO‐induced change in the interatomic distance between the heavy atom (HA) and a neighboring light atom (LA). We provide a transparent interpretation of these SO effects by using the concept of spin–orbit electron deformation density (SO‐EDD). Spin–orbit coupling at the HA induces rearrangement of the electron density for the scalar‐relativistically optimized geometry that, in turn, exerts a new force on the LA. The resulting expansion or contraction of the HA−LA bond depends on the nature and electron configuration of the HA. In addition, we quantify the change in atomic electronegativity induced by SO coupling for a series of hydrides, thereby complementing the SO‐EDD picture. The trends in the SO‐induced electronegativity and the HA−LA bond length across the periodic table of elements are demonstrated and interpreted, and also linked, intuitively, with the SO‐induced NMR shielding at the LA.
Comparative Study on Mechanistic Kinetic Modeling of the Enzymatic Synthesis of Galacto‐Oligosaccharides
Authors: Mueller Ines , Runne Eike , Hamel Christof
Published: March 2022

The galacto‐oligosaccharide synthesis by β‐galactosidase from Bacillus circulans is described mathematically using three kinetic models of different complexity – a simple power law approach, an extended Michaelis Menten kinetics and, in particular, an advanced, innovative mechanistic kinetic model for biocatalysis. Based on a detailed experimental study, a comprehensive reaction network is identified, and a reliable database provided. The evaluation of the kinetic models studied is performed by the Akaike information criterion, which allows the assessment of the model accuracy taking into account complexity and transferability.
Improving automated Turkish text classification with learning‐based algorithms
Authors: Köksal Ömer , Yılmaz Eyüp Halit
Published: February 2022

Text classification is the process of determining categories or tags of a document depending on its content. Although text classification is a well‐known process, it has many steps that require tuning to improve mathematical models. This article provides a novel methodology and expresses key points to improve text classification performance using learning‐based algorithms and techniques. First, to check the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, we selected two public Turkish news benchmarking datasets. Then, we performed extensive testing using both supervised machine learning algorithms and state‐of‐art pre‐trained language models. The experimental results show that our methodology outperforms previous news classification studies on these benchmarking datasets improving categorization results based on F1‐score. Therefore, we conclude that the presented methodology efficiently improves the classification results and selects the feasible classifier for a given dataset.