bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Framing Indeterminacy: Dialectical Analysis and Futures Studies
Authors: Dolan Timothy E.
Published: November 2017

The dialectic is a very ancient device long used to comprehend historical process. Its versatility as a tool for informing on numerous issues of interest to those involved in futures studies is self-evident yet under-appreciated, not as a predicting device but as a framing one, much as with how catalysts work in chemistry. This piece first briefly describes the basics of the dialectical process and its application as an outcome framing method. Its connections with other forecasting methods especially with emerging issues analysis is discussed. The properties of dialectical processes are dynamic and do not necessarily conform to human-scale either temporally or spatially. Dialectical process related to social change and worldview are not subordinate to cyclic time except when artificially imposed as with political elections. The dialectical process being consistent with quantum mechanics especially as applied to technological impacts and legal enactment process will be discussed. In the latter instance, the dark matter and dark energy conundrum bear the hallmarks of a dialectical process thus far leading to an indeterminable resolution. While several examples of persistent issue contradictions to which dialectical analysis can be usefully applied are available, American health care policy is highlighted here.
Effects of an Herbal Combination on Glycemic Control and Lipid Profile in Diabetic Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Shokoohi Reyhaneh , Kianbakht Saeed , Faramarzi Mohammad , Rahmanian Masoud , Nabati Farzaneh , Mehrzadi Saeed , Huseini Hasan Fallah
Published: November 2017

The present study was conducted to explore the efficacy and safety of a herbal combination in the treatment of women with hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetes. The herbal combination capsule (600 mg) contained Terminalia chebula fruit extract (200 mg), Commiphora mukul (200 mg), and Commiphora myrrha oleo-gum-resin (200 mg), and the placebo capsule contained 600 mg toast powder. The patients in one group took the herbal combination and those in the other group took placebo capsules 3 times a day for 3 months. In the herbal combination–treated patients, the fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were decreased and hidh-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels was increased significantly at the endpoint compared with the placebo and baseline. Other blood parameters such as glycosylated hemoglobin, triglyceride, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, SGOT, and SGPT levels were not significantly changed after 3 months in both groups. In conclusion, the herbal combination improves glycemic control and lipid profile in women with hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetes without any adverse events.
College as a Turning Point
Authors: Walters Glenn D.
Published: November 2017

Using 1,016 male participants from the pathways to desistance sample, the current investigation assessed two different pathways, one of which ran from college attendance at age 19 to cognitive control at age 20 to reduced criminal offending at age 21 and the other of which ran from cognitive control at age 19 to college attendance at age 20 to reduced criminal offending at age 21. Of the two pathways, only the first one proved significant. These results indicate that college can serve as a turning point for crime deceleration and that it may achieve its effect indirectly by increasing cognitive control in former delinquents who attend college during the emerging adult years. The college experience may stimulate change by providing students with skills like cognitive control that support and maintain their desistance from crime, similar to how the antithetical thought process, cognitive impulsivity, once supported and maintained a criminal lifestyle.
A novel exercise device for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis improves venous flow in bed versus ankle movement exercises in healthy volunteers
Authors: Shimizu Yukiyo , Kamada Hiroshi , Sakane Masataka , Aikawa Shizu , Mutsuzaki Hirotaka , Tanaka Kenta , Mishima Hajime , Kanamori Akihiro , Nishino Tomofumi , Ochiai Naoyuki , Yamazaki Masashi
Published: November 2017

Purpose:

Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis is crucial. To facilitate active ankle movement in postoperative and bedridden patients, we developed a novel leg exercise apparatus (LEX). We investigated the effect of the LEX by comparing increases in lower extremity venous flow during different modes of exercise using the LEX.

Methods:

In eight healthy participants, we measured venous flow volume and velocity in the femoral vein using duplex ultrasonography at 1, 10, 20, and 30 min after completing three modes of 1-min LEX exercises. The exercises involved (1) rapid single motion (ankle dorsi–plantar flexion; 60 cycles/min); (2) slow single motion (30 cycles/min); and (3) slow combined leg motion.

Results:

Flow volumes after modes 1, 2, and 3 were 1.63-, 1.39-, and 1.53-fold above baseline at 30 min, respectively. Short periods of rapid single motion, with the LEX, improved postexercise lower extremity venous flow volumes at 30 min and mean venous flow velocity at 20 min, compared to slow single motion exercise. Even at slow speeds, combined-motion improved flow volume compared to single motion.

Conclusion:

Short periods of rapid single motion exercise, with the LEX, improved postexercise venous flow volumes in the lower extremities at 30 min and mean venous flow velocity at 20 min. These effects were greater than those produced by slow single motion exercises. However, even at slow speeds, combined-motion exercises improved flow volume compared to single motion. Therefore, LEX may prove effective at preventing thromboembolism in postoperative and bedridden patients.
First dorsal metatarsal artery perforator flap to cover great toe defect
Authors: Limthongthang Roongsak , Eamsobhana Perajit
Published: November 2017

Background:

There were very few options available for distal foot and toe defects that required a vascularized flap for coverage. As such, the use of a free flap was often justified in this region of the foot. The use of perforator flaps has created a new subset of local tissue transfer alternatives that increases the potential that the difficulties associated with microvascular tissue transfers could be avoided. The first dorsal metatarsal artery (FDMA) perforator flap was one variant of this new type of tissue transfer. The aim of this report was to describe our experience using FDMA perforator flap to cover great toe defect.

Methods:

A standard FDMA flap from the dorsum of the foot was raised in reversed fashion based on the distal communicating branch or “perforator” from plantar foot circulation in two patients with great toe defect.

Results:

Salvage of the great toe was achieved in both patients. FDMA perforator flap achieved both reconstructive goals, and the donor site closure can be successfully performed without tension. Donor site healing was achieved in both patients with no associated complications by the 1-year follow-up.

Conclusions:

FDMA flap can be successfully used as a local flap to cover distal foot and toe wounds. However, direct donor site closure can be problematic and may need skin graft.
A Social Space Approach to Testing Complex Hypotheses: The Case of Hispanic Marriage Patterns in the United States
Authors: Smith Jeffrey A.
Published: November 2017

Where do individuals identifying as Hispanic fit in the racial landscape of the United States? The answer offered by past work is complex: The empirical results do not lend themselves to simple interpretation as no single hypothesis fits the Hispanic case very well. Instead, Hispanic integration is described as mixtures of different archetypical hypotheses, like panethnic formation, white assimilation, and racialized assimilation. My goal is to develop a formal framework to help make sense of this complex picture. I extend past work by showing which combination of integration processes (panethnic formation, white assimilation, etc.) best characterizes Hispanic marriage patterns. I make two analytical contributions. First, I organize past Hispanic hypotheses, both archetypical and blended, into a single theoretical framework defined by the salience of race and Hispanic ethnicity. Second, I parametize this theoretical framework using latent social space models. In this way, I am able to specify a set of interconnected, complex hypotheses in a tractable manner. I follow past work and use marriage/cohabitation data to test the hypotheses. Using American Community Survey data (2010–2012), I find that Hispanic marriage/cohabitation patterns suggest high salience on both race and Hispanic ethnicity. Thus, categories like black-Mexican or white-Cuban represent relationally distinct social categories—distinct from both non-Hispanic racial categories (e.g., black or white) and Hispanic categories of a different racial identity.
Assessing Financial Integration of BRICS Equity Markets: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Prakash J. Vineesh , Nauriyal D. K. , Kaur Sandeep
Published: November 2017

This article examines the degree of financial integration among the equity markets of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) by using monthly data collected for the period 2005–2014. The study employs Johansen cointegration test, vector error correction model (VECM), and Granger causality test which confirm the existence of relationship in the short and long run among the equity markets of BRICS. Further results exhibit that there exists cointegration or a long-run relationship among the equity markets, but weak cointegration, though the results of Granger causality test do not display existence of any causality among market pairs such as China–Brazil, Russia–Brazil, South Africa–Brazil, Russia–China, and South Africa–India. The results indicate that even though the financial integration among the equity markets of BRICS is on ascendance, it is yet incomplete. This work suggests harmonization of laws, regulations, and operations based on international principles and appropriate regulatory supervision among BRICS nations in order to minimize the risk of financial integration, besides further relaxing restrictions on capital account for expedited financial integration.
Evaluating urban accessibility: leveraging open-source data and analytics to overcome existing limitations
Authors: Logan TM , Williams TG , Nisbet AJ , Liberman KD , Zuo CT , Guikema SD
Published: November 2017

We revisit the standard methodology for evaluating proximity to urban services and recommend enhancements to address existing limitations. Existing approaches often simplify their measure of proximity by using large areal units and by imposing arbitrary distance thresholds. By doing so, these approaches risk overlooking vulnerable, access-poor populations – the very populations that such studies are often trying to identify. These limitations are primarily motivated by computational constraints. However, recent advances in computational power, open data, and open-source analytics permit high-resolution proximity analyses on large scales. Given the impetus for equitable accessibility in our communities, this is of fundamental importance for researchers and practitioners. In this paper, we present an approach that leverages these open source advances to (a) measure proximity using network distance at the building level, (b) estimate population at that level, and (c) present the resulting distributions so vulnerable populations can be identified. Using three cities and modes of transport, we demonstrate how the approach enhances existing measures and identifies service-poor populations where the previous methods fall short. The proximity results could be used alone, or as inputs to access metrics. Our collating of these components into an open source code provides opportunities for researchers and practitioners to explore fine-resolution, city-wide accessibility across multiple cities and the host of questions that follow.
The role of targeted therapy in the management of patients with AML
Authors: Perl Alexander E.
Published: November 2017

Drug therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is finally undergoing major changes in 2017. This is due to the US Food and Drug Administration’s approval of several new, targeted agents (midostaurin, enasidenib, and gemtuzumab ozogamicin). Paired with the recent approval of a novel liposomal formulation of daunorubicin/cytarabine (CPX-351/Vyxeos), the standard of care is changing rapidly in AML for subgroups. This review will focus on currently approved agents and promising novel agents in development and will highlight controversial areas in targeted treatment.
Metagenomic analysis of intertidal hypersaline microbial mats from Elkhorn Slough, California, grown with and without molybdate
Authors: D’haeseleer Patrik , Lee Jackson Z. , Prufert-Bebout Leslie , Burow Luke C. , Detweiler Angela M. , Weber Peter K. , Karaoz Ulas , Brodie Eoin L. , Glavina del Rio Tijana , Tringe Susannah G. , Bebout Brad M. , Pett-Ridge Jennifer
Published: November 2017

Cyanobacterial mats are laminated microbial ecosystems which occur in highly diverse environments and which may provide a possible model for early life on Earth. Their ability to produce hydrogen also makes them of interest from a biotechnological and bioenergy perspective. Samples of an intertidal microbial mat from the Elkhorn Slough estuary in Monterey Bay, California, were transplanted to a greenhouse at NASA Ames Research Center to study a 24-h diel cycle, in the presence or absence of molybdate (which inhibits biohydrogen consumption by sulfate reducers). Here, we present metagenomic analyses of four samples that will be used as references for future metatranscriptomic analyses of this diel time series.
Microseismic hydraulic fracture imaging in the Marcellus Shale using head waves
Authors: Zhang Zhishuai , Rector James W. , Nava Michael J.
Published: November 2017

We have studied microseismic data acquired from a geophone array deployed in the horizontal section of a well drilled in the Marcellus Shale near Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania. Head waves were used to improve event location accuracy as a substitution for the traditional P-wave polarization method. We identified that resonances due to poor geophone-to-borehole coupling hinder arrival-time picking and contaminate the microseismic data spectrum. The traditional method had substantially greater uncertainty in our data due to the large uncertainty in P-wave polarization direction estimation. We also identified the existence of prominent head waves in some of the data. These head waves are refractions from the interface between the Marcellus Shale and the underlying Onondaga Formation. The source location accuracy of the microseismic events can be significantly improved by using the P-, S-wave direct arrival times and the head wave arrival times. Based on the improvement, we have developed a new acquisition geometry and strategy that uses head waves to improve event location accuracy and reduce acquisition cost in situations such as the one encountered in our study.
Towards personalized surveillance for head and neck cancer patients.
Authors: Alders Sven Thomas , Hermens Rosella
Published: November 2017

116

Background: Optimal follow-up care for head and neck cancer (HCN) patients has been subject of an ongoing debate. In the Netherlands, the current follow-up schedule is based on a ‘one-size fits all’ concept, and lacks evidence. Additionally, this standardized follow-up fails to reflect the heterogeneity of tumors within HNC. Besides the need of more evidence, improvements should be made by using a more person-centred approach. In this study, we aimed to explore the needs, preferences and values of HNC patient regarding sub-components of follow-up care (form, content, duration, frequency, and type of care provider). Methods: Semi-structured interviews were held with 13 HNC patients (inclusion until saturation) in order to explore the needs, preferences and values of HNC regarding their follow-up care. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and qualitatively analyzed using the eight-dimension Picker model. Results: During follow-up, patients prefer traditional face-to-face appointments, where they have to be physically present at the hospital. Alternative forms (e.g. telephone or Skype-related forms) may only be preferable under certain circumstances ( form). Physical examinations should be leading during these appointments, to look for signs of recurrence ( content). Patients mentioned that information on prognoses and the physical constraints as a consequence of treatment is important during follow-up appointments ( content). In the beginning of the follow-up, a high frequency of appointments was preferred ( duration & frequency). Preferably, follow-up care takes place in the specialized centers ( location). A predominant role has been assigned to the primary treating physician. Additionally, qualified personnel is needed in the continuation and relocation of follow-up care for HNC patient ( type of care provider). Conclusions: The results of this study will enable us to better tailor care to the specific needs, preferences and values of HNC patients. Further research is needed to determine if the results are representative. In the new personalized follow-up, there should be a balance between evidence based options and the needs, preferences and values of patients and different care providers within HNC care.
The “Promoting Resilience in Stress Management” (PRISM) intervention for adolescents and young adults: A pilot randomized controlled trial.
Authors: Rosenberg Abby R. , Bradford Miranda , Klein Victoria , Etsekson Nicole , Wharton Claire M , Shaffer Michele , Yi-Frazier Joyce P.
Published: November 2017

176

Background: Adolescents and Young Adults (AYAs) with cancer are at risk for poor psychosocial outcomes, perhaps because they have yet to learn the skills needed to navigate the burdens of illness. We aimed to determine if a novel, brief, age-appropriate, skills-based intervention would improve psychosocial outcomes. Methods: “Promoting Resilience in Stress Management” (PRISM) is a manualized, brief intervention targeting stress management, goal-setting, cognitive reframing, and meaning-making. It consists of 4, 30-60 minute, in-person, 1:1 sessions plus a facilitated family-meeting. English-speaking AYAs (ages 12-25 years) with new or newly recurrent cancer were randomized to receive either PRISM or non-directive usual psychosocial care. Participants completed patient-reported outcome (PRO) surveys at the time of enrollment and 6 months later. We used mixed effects regression modeling to estimate associations between PRISM and the primary outcome (patient-reported resilience, measured by the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale [CDRISC-10]) and secondary outcomes (health-related quality of life [PedsQL 4.0 Quality of Life Inventory], hope [Snyder Hope Scale], and psychological distress [Kessler-6 Psychological Distress Scale]) at 6 months. Results: N = 100 AYAs enrolled (78% of approached, n = 50 PRISM, n = 50 usual care) and 92 completed baseline responses (48 PRISM and 44 usual care). Of those who completed baseline, 73% were aged 13-17 years and 27% aged 18-25 years, and 43% were female. Attrition was similar in each arm and primarily due to medical complication and/or death; n = 36 (72%) PRISM and n = 38 (76%) usual care participants completed 6-month PROs. After adjusting for baseline scores, PRISM was associated with improvements in all instruments: Resilience (+2.3, 95% CI 0.7,4.0), quality of life (+6.3 (95% CI -0.8, 13.5), hope (+2.8, 95% CI 0.5, 5.1), and distress (-1.6, 95% CI -3.3, 0.0). Conclusions: A targeted intervention targeting skills for AYAs with cancer was effective in improving patient-centered outcomes. Clinical trial information: NCT02340884.
Risk of health-related quality of life events from pain and fatigue among patients with hormone receptor-positive HER-2 negative metastatic breast cancer treated with CDK 4/6 inhibitor.
Authors: Han Myat M. , Thein Kyaw Zin , Zaw Myo , Tun Aung , D'Cunha Paul , Hardwicke Fred L. , Jones Catherine
Published: November 2017

215

Background: Molecular heterogeneity in breast cancer has led to increasing attention in the role of cell cycle signaling especially the cyclins and their associated proteins, cycle-dependent kinases (CDK), in carcinogenesis and treatment resistance in hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer. Many CDK 4/6 agents have been proven beneficial. Nevertheless, health-related quality of life from pain and fatigue remains a concern. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) to determine these risks. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE databases and meeting abstracts from inception through June 2017 were queried. RCTs that mention back pain, pain in arms and legs, arthralgia and fatigue as adverse effects were incorporated in the analysis. Mantel-Haenszel method was used to calculate the estimated pooled risk ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI). Random effects model was applied. Results: A total of 2671 patients with hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer from four phase 3 studies and one phase 2 study were eligible for analysis. The study arms used palbociclib-letrozole, palbociclib-fulvestrant, ribociclib-letrozole and abemaciclib-fulvestrant while the control arms utilized placebo in combination with letrozole or fulvestrant. The relative risk (RR) of all-grade back pain was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.81- 1.16; p = 0.76); all-grade pain in arms and legs was 0.98 (95% CI: 0.74- 1.30; p = 0.90); all-grade arthralgia was 0.98 (95% CI: 0.75- 1.27; p = 0.88); and all-grade fatigue was 1.35 (95% CI: 1.20- 1.52; p < 0.0001). The RR of high-grade back pain was 1.47 (95% CI: 0.51- 4.23; p = 0.46); high-grade pain in arms and legs was 0.12 (95% CI: 0.02- 0.73; p = 0.02); high-grade arthralgia was 1.14 (95% CI: 0.40- 3.26; p = 0.79); and high-grade fatigue was 3.06 (95% CI: 1.41- 6.61; p = 0.004). Conclusions: Patients on CDK4/6 inhibitor-based regimens experienced a significant increase in all-grades of fatigue with a relative risk of 3.06 for grade 3 and 4 fatigue whereas they noted a decrease in high-grade pain in the arms and legs favoring CDK 4/6 inhibitor based regimens.
Is it possible for caregivers to administer subcutaneous hydration to patients with advanced cancer at home? Feasibility and perceptions.
Authors: Grez Monica , Perez-Cruz Pedro , Rodriguez-Nunez Alfredo , Villouta Francisca , Jaña Carolina , Maldonado Armando , Bruera Eduardo
Published: November 2017

82

Background: Loss of oral route is common in patients with advanced cancer, particularly during end-of-life (EOL). EOL hydration may prevent the onset of symptoms associated with dehydration, mainly delirium, or decrease the severity of symptoms when they are present. Subcutaneous hydration (SCH) is the best way to hydrate the patients at home although it is infrequently used. Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility of receiving SCH at home administered by caregivers without previous experience and their subsequent perceptions. Methods: A prospective study of 52 patients with advanced cancer enrolled in a Home Palliative Care Program and their primary caregivers. Caregivers of patients were trained in SCH administration at home. Telephone controls were performed at 48 hours and at 7 days to assess adherence and complications. One month after the death, a survey to explore caregiver perceptions of SCH was performed. Results: Fifty-two patients were included, the median days with SCH were 12 (2-173) and 100% were able to maintain SCH for all the time indicated or until the patient died. The proportion of caregivers who reported that administering SCH had been easy or very easy were 35 (78%) and 26 (96%) at 48 hrs and at seven days, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, caregiver demographics were not associated with finding administration of SCH easy (Table 1). Adverse effects were mild and infrequent. Four weeks after the death, 98% (95% CI 0.88-0.99) of the caregivers reported that it was useful to have administered SCH to their relative.Conclusions: It is feasible to administer SCH to patients who are at home, by caregivers with no prior experience. Implement this technique at home will allow us to decrease the percentage of patients with dehydration at the EOL and to decrease the complications of being dehydrated. [Table: see text]
The positive effects of early integrated palliative care on patient coping strategies, quality of life, and depression.
Authors: Jacobs Jamie M. , Greer Joseph , El-Jawahri Areej , Nipp Ryan David , Gallagher Emily R. , Pirl William F. , Park Elyse , Muzikansky Alona , Jacobsen Juliet , Jackson Vicki , Temel Jennifer S.
Published: November 2017

92

Background: In a recent trial, early integrated palliative care (PC) improved quality of life (QOL) and reduced depressive symptoms in patients with newly-diagnosed incurable lung and gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. The mechanisms by which PC benefits these outcomes are unclear. We examined whether early integrated PC improved patients’ coping strategies and the degree to which changes in coping mediated intervention effects on QOL and depressive symptoms. Methods: From 5/2011 to 7/2015, we enrolled 350 patients with newly diagnosed incurable lung or non-colorectal GI cancer in a randomized trial of early PC integrated with oncology care vs. oncology care alone at Massachusetts General Hospital. Patients completed self-report measures of QOL (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General), depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and use of active and avoidant coping strategies (Brief Cope) at baseline, 12, and 24 weeks. Linear regression was used to assess the effects of the early PC intervention on active and avoidant coping strategies. A multiple mediation regression was modeled to examine whether changes in use of coping strategies mediated intervention effects on QOL and depressive symptoms. Results: Compared to oncology care, early integrated PC improved patients’ use of active coping ( B= 1.09, SE= 0.44, p= .01, 95% CI: 0.23, 1.96) and slightly reduced use of avoidant coping strategies ( B= -0.44, SE= 0.23, p= .06, 95% CI:-0.90, 0.02). Improvements in 24-week QOL in patients assigned to PC were mediated by increased use of active coping strategies (indirect effect = 1.27, 95% CI: 0.31, 2.86), but not by decreased use of avoidant coping. Similarly, PC-related reductions in 24-week depressive symptoms were mediated by increased use of active coping strategies (indirect effect = -0.39, 95% CI:-0.89, -0.08) but not by decreased use of avoidant coping. Conclusions: Patients with newly diagnosed incurable cancer who received early integrated PC showed increased use of active coping strategies, which was associated with improved QOL and depressive symptoms. PC may improve QOL and mood by providing patients with the skills to cope effectively with life-threatening illness. Clinical trial information: NCT01401907.
Maintaining centrosomes and cilia
Authors: Werner Sascha , Pimenta-Marques Ana , Bettencourt-Dias Mónica
Published: November 2017

Centrosomes and cilia are present in organisms from all branches of the eukaryotic tree of life. These structures are composed of microtubules and various other proteins, and are required for a plethora of cell processes such as structuring the cytoskeleton, sensing the environment, and motility. Deregulation of centrosome and cilium components leads to a wide range of diseases, some of which are incompatible with life. Centrosomes and cilia are thought to be very stable and can persist over long periods of time. However, these structures can disappear in certain developmental stages and diseases. Moreover, some centrosome and cilia components are quite dynamic. While a large body of knowledge has been produced regarding the biogenesis of these structures, little is known about how they are maintained. In this Review, we propose the existence of specific centrosome and cilia maintenance programs, which are regulated during development and homeostasis, and when deregulated can lead to disease.
Friends at the end
Authors: Cookson Sophie
Published: November 2017

Sophie Cookson MSc welfare officer at the British Horse Society, explores the human-animal bond and how the BHS can support horse owners through making difficult decisions
A systematic review and meta-analysis of adverse outcomes following non-buried versus buried Kirschner wires for paediatric lateral condyle elbow fractures
Authors: Wormald J. C. R. , Park C. Y. , Eastwood D. M.
Published: November 2017

Purpose

Fractures of the lateral condyle of the humerus in children are a common injury. If displaced or unstable they may require surgical reduction and fixation with Kirschner wires (K-wires). K-wires are placed using either an open or closed technique. The decision to bury or leave the ends extending through the skin is surgeon-dependent and based on factors including post-operative infection risk, bony union and ease of wire removal.

Methods

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of non-buried versus buried K-wires for lateral condyle elbow fractures in children in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses methodology. A comprehensive search strategy included Medline, Embase and CINAHL via NICE Evidence from database inception to June 2017. Two authors independently reviewed, included or excluded articles, extracted data and assessed for quality with the ROBINS-I tool. We performed direct comparison meta-analysis for all adverse events, post-operative infection and failure of bony union.

Results

Three studies were analysed comprising of 434 participants. There was a significantly reduced relative risk of adverse events in the non-buried group, equating to approximately 45% reduced risk (RR 0.55, 95% confidence interval 0.34 to 0.88). There were no significant differences in risk of post-operative infection or failure of bony union. All three cost-analyses in the included studies observed savings with non-buried K-wires.

Conclusion

Non-buried K-wires for lateral condyle elbow fractures convey a lower risk of adverse events and may be more cost-effective compared with buried K-wires. Non-buried K-wires do not appear to increase the risk of infection or failure of bony union. These findings are limited by a high risk of bias due to inherent methodological flaws in the design of included studies.
La relación: pauta epistémica de la decolonialidad del saber desde el pensamiento afroantillano Los contornos del concepto en el Tratado del Todo-Mundo de Édouard Glissant (1928-2011)
Authors: Juncosa José Enrique
Published: November 2017

ResumenEl presente artículo rastrea y explora el sentido poético y las posibilidades epistémicas del término relación a partir de la obra Tratado del todo-mundo, de Édouard Glissant, asumida como aporte del pensamiento afroantillano al proyecto del giro decolonial de los estudios interculturales latinoamericanos. En un primer momento, se identifican los rasgos y contornos operatorios de la identidad relación a partir de las siguientes claves de lectura: imaginería, poética y retórica, espiritualidad y ética, política y epistémica. En el segundo momento, se identifican las conexiones e implicaciones más relevantes para el contexto andino. De la exploración, se desprende que el pensamiento afrocaribeño de Glissant, contribuye a generar posibilidades discursivas potentes para enriquecer identidades abiertas en su diferencia y prácticas epistémicas sin amurallamientos identitarios o ilusiones uniformizantes. Finalmente, el aporte de Glissant, ofrece espacios de búsquedas a los movimientos sociales andinos para enriquecer sus prácticas de identidad en tanto relación, más allá de los esencialismos y la pretensión de raíz única.Palabras Clave Relación; identidad; pensamiento afroantillano; decolonialidad; poética; epistémica
Strengths and Limitations of Internet-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments for Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Woods Alexandra P , Stults Christopher B , Terry Rachel L , Rego Simon A
Published: November 2017

This commentary discusses the strengths and limitations of internet-based cognitive-behavioral treatments (ICBT) for anxiety disorders, as highlighted by the case studies described in Ciuca, Berger, and Miclea (2017), and in Schulz, Vincent, and Berger (2017). In comparing the course of treatment for patients with contrasting clinical outcomes, the authors offer insights into the many benefits and challenges of ICBT. Suggestions for improving ICBT interventions for anxiety disorders, implications for implementation and dissemination, and ethical considerations are discussed.
Influence of Teacher Performance Appraisal on Effectiveness in Curriculum Evaluation in Kenyan Public Secondary Schools
Authors: Aloo Joash Okello , Ajowi Jack Odongo , Aloka Peter Jairo O.
Published: November 2017

The objective of the study was to establish the impact of Teachers Performance Appraisal(TPA) policy on effectiveness in curriculum evaluation in public secondary schools in Kenya. The study employed a Correlational research design. Additionally, the study used Stratified random sampling technique to select 179 Principals and 179 Deputy Principals. Consequently, the study used questionnaires to collect data from the Principals and Deputy Principals. The study also tested reliability of the instruments for data collection by assessing the scale's internal consistency using Crobanch's alpha, and reliability coefficient of at least 0.7 was achieved. Validity was determined by experts in Educational Administration of JaramogiOgingaOdinga University of Science and Technology. Quantitative data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study established that TPA policy had a significant positive influence on curriculum evaluation by teachers (r =.726, p<.05). The study confirmed that TPA: accounted for 52.5% of the variation in curriculum evaluation. The study established TPA to be a significant predictor of curriculum evaluation [F (1, 316) = 351.92, p <.05)]. The study recommends that the Kenyan Teachers Service Commission should enhance the use of reports when making decisions on teachers to be deployed to senior positions and those to be promoted to the next job groups. Such a step would make teachers respect and adhere to the policy guidelines. This is because the study reported that more teachers had embraced TPA with a view that it would be used to determine their suitability promotion.
(p,2)-equations asymmetric at both zero and infinity
Authors: Papageorgiou Nikolaos S. , Rădulescu Vicenţiu D. , Repovš Dušan D.
Published: November 2017

We consider a

(
p
,
2
)

{(p,2)}

-equation, that is, a nonlinear nonhomogeneous elliptic equation driven by the sum of a p-Laplacian and a Laplacian with

p
>
2

{p>2}

. The reaction term is

(

p
-
1

)

{(p-1)}

-linear, but exhibits asymmetric behavior at

±
∞

{\pm\infty}

and at

0
±

{0^{\pm}}

. Using variational tools, together with truncation and comparison techniques and Morse theory, we prove two multiplicity theorems, one of them providing sign information for all the solutions (positive, negative, nodal).
The Importance of the Audited Financial Statement in Attracting Foreign Investors in Private Sector in Kosovo
Authors: Haliti Rudhani Leonora , Ismajli Hysen , Mustafa Albulena
Published: November 2017

Responding to globalization of the international business environment the companies need to draw and present reliable and comparable audited financial statements, and consequently there is a vital need to implement international financial reporting standards. Foreign investments in Kosovo as a new developing country are growing. The purpose of this paper is to consider the role of audited financial statements in encouraging foreign investment in the private sector in Kosovo. To examine this issue, we have analysed three determinant factors in presenting financial statements to the foreign investors: auditor’s report, auditor reputation and relevance of auditor’s findings. The results of this study indicate that these variables have a positive effect on promotion of foreign investment. These results also revealed that audited financial statements are very important for Kosovo companies in order to ensure an equal worldwide treatment.
Environmental Aspects of the Construction Industry Development in Latvia
Authors: Kauškale Linda , Geipele Ineta , Vanags Jānis , Lepkova Natalija
Published: November 2017

The importance of environmental aspects in construction is growing during the time. The aim of the research is to analyze environmental aspects of construction industry development and related regulations in Latvia, including the last green building certification development tendencies. The analysis, historical, document review and logical access methods have been used in the research. The article also includes overview of the international experience. The results of research show growing importance of environmental aspects in construction process and the necessity for market participants and industry development to consider them.
A combined experimental and theoretical study on vibrational and electronic properties of (5-methoxy-1H-indol-1-yl)(5-methoxy-1H-indol-2-yl)methanone
Authors: Al-Wabli Reem I. , Govindarajan Munusamy , Almutairi Maha S. , Attia Mohamed I.
Published: November 2017

(5-Methoxy-1H-indol-1-yl)(5-methoxy-1H-indol-2-yl)methanone (MIMIM) is a bis-indolic derivative that can be used as a precursor to a variety of melatonin receptor ligands. In this work, the energetic and spectroscopic profiles of MIMIM were studied by a combined DFT and experimental approach. The IR, Raman, UV-Vis, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra were calculated by PBEPBE and B3LYP methods, and compared with experimental ones. Results showed good agreement between theoretical and experimental values. Mulliken population and natural bond orbital analysis were also performed by time-dependent DFT approach to evaluate the electronic properties of the title molecule.
Women, sport and the media: Key elements at play in the shaping of the practice of women in sports journalism in Israel
Authors: Tamir Ilan , Yarchi Moran , Galily Yair
Published: November 2017

The present study aims to illustrate the points of view of various female sports journalists as they relate the unique and defining experiences within their line of work, intending to identify the key elements at play in the shaping of the practice of women in sports journalism and its impact on the coverage of women’s sports. 17 Israeli female sports journalists were interviewed concurrently, alongside a select number of male editors of various sports sections. In addition, a survey regarding readers’ views on the coverage of women’s sports and a content analysis of sport coverage in national newspapers was conducted. The analysis of the study’s findings and, particularly, of the female sports journalists’ experiences, has even revealed similarities between the place of women in sports media and female presence within combative military units.
Efficient synthesis of new pyrano[3,2-b]pyran derivatives via Fe3O4@SiO2-IL-Fc catalyzed three-component reaction
Authors: Teimuri-Mofrad Reza , Esmati Somayeh , Rabiei Masoumeh , Gholamhosseini-Nazari Mahdi
Published: November 2017

Ferrocene-containing ionic liquid supported on silica-coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (nano Fe3O4@SiO2-IL-Fc), a novel heterogeneous nanocatalyst, was synthesized. The structure of the catalyst was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The novel nanomagnetic catalyst was used in the one-pot synthesis of pyrano[3,2-b]pyran derivatives by the three-component reaction of various aldehydes, malononitrile and kojic acid or chlorokojic acid at room temperature under ultrasonic irradiation. This new method has many advantages such as simplicity, short reaction times, high yields, easy workup and easy purification. Also, the nanocatalyst can be separated on an external magnet and reused for at least six consecutive runs without any significant loss of its catalytic activity.
TGF-β requires the activation of canonical and non-canonical signalling pathways to induce skeletal muscle atrophy
Authors: Ábrigo Johanna , Campos Fabian , Simon Felipe , Riedel Claudia , Cabrera Daniel , Vilos Cristian , Cabello-Verrugio Claudio
Published: November 2017

The transforming growth factor type-beta (TGF-β) induces skeletal muscle atrophy characterised by a decrease in the fibre’s diameter and levels of myosin heavy chain (MHC), also as an increase of MuRF-1 expression. In addition, TGF-β induces muscle atrophy by a mechanism dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS). TGF-β signals by activating both canonical Smad-dependent, and non-canonical signalling pathways such as ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and p38 MAPKs. However, the participation of canonical and non-canonical signalling pathways in the TGF-β atrophic effect on skeletal muscle is unknown. We evaluate the impact of Smad and MAPK signalling pathways on the TGF-β-induced atrophic effect in C2C12 myotubes. The results indicate that TGF-β activates Smad2/3, ERK1/2 and JNK1/2, but not p38 in myotubes. The pharmacological inhibition of Smad3, ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 activation completely abolished the atrophic effect of TGF-β. Finally, the inhibition of these canonical and non-canonical pathways did not decrease the ROS increment, while the inhibition of ROS production entirely abolished the phosphorylation of Smad3, ERK1/2 and JNK1/2. These results suggest that TGF-β requires Smad3, ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 activation to produce skeletal muscle atrophy. Moreover, the induction of ROS by TGF-β is an upstream event to canonical and non-canonical pathways.
Leisurely consumption, the legacy of European cafes
Authors: Cleave Paul
Published: November 2017

Eating out for many is regarded as a leisure activity, embracing the consumption of food, drink and place. In contrast to the ubiquitous and homogenous branded coffee shops and cafes found in most cities are examples from earlier eras, which offer consumers a degree of differentiation. They represent a culinary legacy and heritage by association with time and place. Cafes are utilised in the two case study examples, Deller’s Café, Exeter, United Kingdom, and Café Kranzler, Berlin, Germany, as social spaces, and in the context of tourism, attractions. The appeal of social spaces with an historical legacy is presented as the basis for further social research opportunities. These, it is proposed present a way of looking at the past to learn about the present.
On the generalized quotient integrals on homogeneous spaces
Authors: Derikvand Tajedin , Kamyabi-Gol Rajab Ali , Janfada Mohammad
Published: November 2017

A generalization of the quotient integral formula is presented and some of its properties are investigated. Also the relations between two function spaces related to the special homogeneous spaces are derived by using the general quotient integral formula. Finally, our results are supported by some examples.
The Effect of Residents’ Attitude toward Tourism on their Pro-Tourism Behaviour: A Case Study of Hua-Hin Prachubkirikhan
Authors: Homsud Noppanon
Published: November 2017

This study focused on the impact of attitude toward tourism on pro-tourism behaviour. The social exchange theory and theory of reasoned action were used to support this model. This study constructed a model for testing the relationship among welcome tourists behaviour, perceived local economy, personal benefit, attitude toward tourism, and pro-tourism behaviour. Empirical testing was used for observing the effect of the model. The sample comprised 408 people from Hua-hin Prachubkirikhan, who were selected by convenience sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire that was divided into the following 4 parts: general data, perceived tourism impact (welcome tourists behaviour, perceived local economy, and personal benefit), attitude toward tourism, and pro-tourism behaviour. Statistical analysis methods included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and structural equation modelling. All the hypotheses were supported, indicating a significant positive effect of attitude toward tourism on pro-tourism behavior.
Motion-Induced Blindness Using Increments and Decrements of Luminance
Authors: Stine Wm Wren , Levesque Patricia A. , Lusignan Megan E. , Kitt Andrew J.
Published: November 2017

Motion-induced blindness describes the disappearance of stationary elements of a scene when other, perhaps non-overlapping, elements of the scene are in motion. We measured the effects of increment (200.0 cd/m2) and decrement targets (15.0 cd/m2) and masks presented on a grey background (108.0 cd/m2), tapping into putative ON- and OFF-channels, on the rate of target disappearance psychophysically. We presented two-frame motion, which has coherent motion energy, and dynamic Glass patterns and dynamic anti-Glass patterns, which do not have coherent motion energy. Using the method of constant stimuli, participants viewed stimuli of varying durations (3.1 s, 4.6 s, 7.0 s, 11 s, or 16 s) in a given trial and then indicated whether or not the targets vanished during that trial. Psychometric function midpoints were used to define absolute threshold mask duration for the disappearance of the target. 95% confidence intervals for threshold disappearance times were estimated using a bootstrap technique for each of the participants across two experiments. Decrement masks were more effective than increment masks with increment targets. Increment targets were easier to mask than decrement targets. Distinct mask pattern types had no effect, suggesting that perceived coherence contributes to the effectiveness of the mask. The ON/OFF dichotomy clearly carries its influence to the level of perceived motion coherence. Further, the asymmetry in the effects of increment and decrement masks on increment and decrement targets might lead one to speculate that they reflect the ‘importance’ of detecting decrements in the environment.
Pathways to agroecological management through mediated markets in Santa Catarina, Brazil
Authors: Guerra Jill , Blesh Jennifer , Schmitt Filho Abdon Luiz , Wittman Hannah
Published: November 2017

Agroecology, as a social movement and scientific discipline, applies ecological principles to the design and management of agricultural systems to improve environmental outcomes and livelihoods for farmers and rural communities. However, little research to date has assessed the policy mechanisms that could facilitate increased adoption of agroecological management practices. We investigated if and how public food procurement programs that provide financial incentives for organic and agroecological production can mitigate key constraints to agroecological transition. We explored the experience of participants in Brazil’s National School Feeding Program (PNAE) in Santa Catarina, which offers both a structured market for small-scale family farmers and a price premium for certified agroecological production systems. We found that the PNAE provides an economic incentive for small-scale farmers to begin an agroecological transition by creating a price-differentiated market that is otherwise absent in the regional context. However, without external network linkages – such as participation in farmers’ associations, cooperatives, and non-governmental agricultural extension programs that support agroecological practices – the influence of PNAE is limited in stimulating a broader scaling up of agroecological production.