bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does COVID-19 vaccination increase the risk of ILD in a population level?
Authors: Kim Taehee , Lee Hyun , Yeom Sang Woo , Jeong Cho Yun , Kim Bo-Guen , Kim Tai Sun , Park Dong Won , Moon Ji-Yong , Kim Tae-Hyung , Sohn Jang Won , Yoon Ho Joo , Kim Jong Seung , Kim Sang-Heon
Published: September 2023

COVID-19 vaccination is effective in preventing severe pneumonia and complications from COVID-19. However, several case reports have raised the possibility that interstitial lung disease (ILD) may occur as a side effect of vaccination. This study aims to compare the incidence and risk of ILD in subjects who were vaccinated for COVID-19 and those who were not. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. During a follow-up period of 6 months, the incidence rate of ILD was significantly lower in the vaccinated group than among controls and the hazards for developing ILD were also lower among the vaccinated group.
Oncocytic Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid with TERT Promoter Mutation Presenting as Asphyxia in an Elderly: A Case Report
Authors: Wang Xiqian , Liu Yingao , Chen Lijie , Zhang Jie , Jiang Ruoyu , Yan Han , Zhang Jie
Published: September 2023

With the aging population, the prevalence of thyroid nodules and malignancies among the elderly becomes a significant health concern. Thyroid nodules in the elderly exhibit distinct characteristics, necessitating careful consideration of treatment strategies that balance the risks and benefits associated with diagnosis and intervention. Oncocytic carcinoma of the thyroid (OCA) is a rare subtype with potential aggressive behavior and poorer prognosis. OCA also poses diagnostic challenges resembling benign lesions. Molecular testing can aid differentiation and guides treatment. This case highlights an 84-year-old patient with OCA causing asphyxia, emphasizing complexities in diagnosing and treating thyroid malignancies in the elderly. Biopsy and molecular testing provide diagnostic accuracy and guide treatment decisions. Considering individualized approaches in elderly populations is essential for improved outcomes.
Evaluation of vertical irregularity effects of historical masonry buildings through a simplified procedure: the case of Florence city center.
Authors: Alecci Valerio , De Stefano Mario , Galassi Stefano , Nudo Raffaele , Pugliese Dora , Stipo Gianfranco
Published: September 2023

Masonry buildings constitute a large part of the European building heritage. This building stock often presents plan or vertical irregularity generally caused by the architectural and structural modifications undergone over the time. In the context of historical city centres, the most recurring irregularity is the vertical one, due to sudden variations in mass, stiffness (and strength) of walls along the building height. In particular, in the case of Florence city centre (Italy), vertical irregularity is caused by the removing of large portions of masonry walls at the ground floor as a consequence of the changed use of these parts of the building; the functional modification of the openings scheme at the different levels of the building due to the internal renovation of the flats; the rooftop addition. In this paper vertical irregularity in historical masonry buildings is investigated through the analysis of single masonry walls. A simplified numerical procedure is adopted in order to evaluate the influence of vertical irregularity on the seismic response of masonry walls along the building height. The masonry structure is modelled through an assemblage of rigid and infinitely strong blocks, linked in-between and to the soil by means of deformable joints. Numerical results demonstrated that this simplified procedure is able to predict the behavior of masonry walls both before and after the typical structural modifications which involved, particularly, the historical buildings of Florence city center. This simplified procedure is suggested as a useful tool for both research purposes and professional practice.
Intrathoracic migration of a breast prosthesis after minimally-invasive atrial myxoma resection: a case report
Authors: Dawson Amy , Mackay Emily , Buduhan Gordon
Published: September 2023

Background
Intrathoracic migration of breast prostheses has been described after both open and minimally-invasive cardiothoracic and breast surgery, with several proposed mechanisms of migration.
Case presentation
In this report, we describe an unusual presentation of intrathoracic prosthetic migration following remote minimally-invasive cardiac surgery for atrial myxoma resection.
Conclusions
Due to the rare but documented risk of intrathoracic migration following minimally-invasive cardiothoracic surgery, consideration should be given to surgical strategies for mitigating this risk at the time of initial surgery.
Bilateral cerebellar repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for chronic nonlateralized ataxia after hemorrhagic stroke: A case report
Authors: Einstein Evan Hy , Corlier Juliana , Matthews Cole , Ngo Doan , Leuchter Michael K , Citrenbaum Cole , Vince-Cruz Nikita , Ramesh Bhavna , Slan Aaron , Wilke Scott A , Ginder Nathaniel , Strouse Thomas , Leuchter Andrew F
Published: September 2023

There are insufficient treatment options available for recovery related to cerebellar ataxia. Limited data using repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) have demonstrated reduction of symptom burden, though associated with nonuniform cerebellar ataxia etiologies and differing rTMS treatment protocols. Additionally, there are no available data for use of rTMS in individuals suffering from bilateral stroke-related symptoms. We present the case of a patient with chronic cerebellar ataxia following a hemorrhagic stroke who underwent inhibitory rTMS to bilateral cerebellar targets with demonstrated improvement in symptoms.
Who made the oil paintings: machine or human?
Authors: Duan Zhi-Li
Published: September 2023

With the advancements made in different spheres of life by means of artificial intelligence (AI), including art, it is now possible to generate artworks using AI. This technology involves learning features from existing artworks to create “artificial” artworks and can generate impressive imitations of human-created oil paintings. We aimed to ascertain whether AI can help machines differentiate human-created oil paintings from AI-generated paintings and compared the prediction accuracy with that of human experts. A total of 8,437 images divided into 10 categories, transferred into different artistic styles of Monet, Van Gogh, Cezanne, and Ukiyo-e by using the CycleGAN model, were identified as AI-generated. The corresponding paintings created by human artists were included in the training dataset. The Inception-v3 model was used as the convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture. Transfer learning and fine-tuning were used to update the parameters in all layers of the model. Besides a unique model trained for each style of image, a model was trained on images of the artistic styles randomly selected from Monet, Van Gogh, Cezanne, and Ukiyo-e. The CNN models trained on different artistic styles yielded an average accuracy of 95.26%. The random-style model yielded an accuracy of 87.09% and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.987 in the test dataset. The two human experts yielded an average accuracy of 82.59% and 87.09% in all test datasets, less than the average of the CNN models. To further assess the generalization capability of the models, we evaluated the performance of the CNN models on the external validation dataset. The CNN models also better differentiated human-created paintings from AI-generated paintings compared with the human experts. The results suggested that our CNN models were useful for differentiating human-created paintings from AI-generated paintings. This helped eliminate potential biases and disputes arising from personal opinions.
Construction and validation of risk prediction model for gastrointestinal bleeding in patients after coronary artery bypass transplantation
Authors: Yang Mei , Zhan Shuyu , Gao Han , Liao Caiyun , Li Shisi
Published: September 2023

Objective: This study aimed to develop a risk prediction model for gastrointestinal bleeding in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and assess its accuracy.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 232 patients who underwent CABG under general anesthesia at our hospital between January 2022 and December 2022. The patients were divided into two groups: the gastrointestinal bleeding group (n=52) and the group without gastrointestinal bleeding (n=180). The independent risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding in post-CABG patients were analyzed using χ2 test, t test, and Logistic multivariate regression analysis. A prediction model was established based on the identified risk factors. To verify the accuracy of the prediction model, a verification group of 161 patients who met the criteria from January to June 2023 was selected, and the Bootstrap method was used for internal validation. The discrimination of the prediction model was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC), where a higher AUC indicates a stronger discrimination effect of the model.
Results:The study developed a risk prediction model for gastrointestinal bleeding after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. The model identified four independent risk factors: duration of stay in the intensive care unit (OR=0.761), cardiopulmonary bypass time (OR=1.019), prolonged aortic occlusion time (OR=0.981), and re-operation for bleeding (OR=0.180). Based on these factors, an individualized risk prediction model was constructed. The C-index values of the modeling group and the verification group were 0.805 [95% CI (0.7303-0.8793)] and 0.785 [95% CI (0.6932-0.8766)], respectively, indicating good accuracy and discrimination. The calibration and standard curves showed similar results, further supporting the accuracy of the risk prediction model.
Conclusion:In conclusion, ICU time, cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic occlusion time, and re-operation for bleeding are identified as independent risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding in patients after CABG surgery. The risk prediction model developed in this study demonstrates strong predictive performance, offering valuable insights for clinical medical professionals in evaluating gastrointestinal complications in CABG patients.
Butorphanol Nasal Spray Relieves Pain and Distress in Women Under Epidural Labor Analgesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sun Jing , Wu Fan , Wu Mingguang , Wu Guanxiong , Zheng Zhao , Li Gehui , Wang Xiaoguang , Huang Xiaolei , Li Yuantao
Published: September 2023

Background
Epidural block is currently the most widely used, safe, and effective method of labor analgesia. Poor maternal anesthesia cooperation not only influences the effect of the anesthesia but also causes serious adverse consequences, including nerve damage due to changes in body position.
Methods
A randomized controlled clinical trial that included 200 participants comparing painless delivery with epidural alone versus a combination of butorphanol nasal spray prior to an epidural for painless delivery was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the combination in reducing maternal pain and increasing maternal compliance.
Results
The maternal pain intensity score, maternal cooperation, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain, and emotional score within 8 min after anesthesia results were significantly lower in the combined analgesic group (EXP group) compared to the epidural alone group (CTRL group). There were no statistically significant differences in 24-hour postpartum blood loss, labor duration, or lactation period. Neonatal-related indicators such as umbilical artery blood PCO2, base excess of extracellular fluid (BE-ecf) weight, and Apgar score were not significantly different between the EXP and CTRL groups. However, the umbilical artery blood pH in the EXP group was higher compared to the CTRL group. In the EXP group, the probabilities of pain intensity scores ≤ 6, probability of maternal cooperation scores ≤ 3, VAS scores ≤ 3 at 6, 8, and 10 minutes after anesthesia, and emotional scores of 0 were significantly higher compared to the CTRL group.
Conclusion
Butorphanol nasal spray can effectively relieve the pain of epidural puncture during labor analgesia, significantly improve the degree of maternal anesthesia adherence, and is a safe and effective method for combined maternal analgesia.
Knowledge mapping of the relationship between neuroimmune and psoriasis： A Bibliometric analysis（2004-2023）
Authors: wei lu , Zhang Buxin , Wang Qingxing , Yu Huanhuan , Xu Juntao , Liu Aimin
Published: September 2023

Background
Many studies have revealed that neuroimmune is closely related to psoriasis. However, information in this field remains ambiguous.
Objective
Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between neuroimmune and psoriasis, identify journal publications and collaborators, and analyze keywords and research trends using a bibliometric method.
Methods
We systematically searched the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) for papers published on neuroimmune and psoriasis. Retrieved data regarding countries, institutions, authors, journals, keywords, and so on. VOSviewer, CiteSpace, R package “bibliometrix”, and MapChart were used to visualize the information through collaborative networks.
Results
398 articles from 48 countries led by the United States were included. The number of publications related to neuroimmune in psoriasis showes significantly increase in recent years. University of Miami, University of California Davis and Capital Medical University are the main research institutions. The Journal of Investigative Dermatology is the most popular journal in this field. These publications come from 2028 authors, among whom Yosipovitch G, Raychaudhuri SP and Reich A had published the most papers. High-frequency keywords included “psoriasis”, “neuroinflammation “, “atopic-dermatitis”, “nerve growth-factor”, and “expression”. Recent studies have focused on “cutaneous nervous system”, “botulinum toxin”, “dementia”, and “parkinson’s disease” according to the cocitation analysis of kewords. “Botulinum toxin”, “dementia”, “Alzheimers disease” represent the frontiers of research in this field, undergoing an explosive phase.
Conclusion
These findings offer valuable insights for researchers to further investigate the involvement of neuroimmune mechanisms in psoriasis.
Vaccarin suppresses diabetic nephropathy through inhibiting the EGFR signaling pathway
Authors: Zhu Xuexue , Du Xinyao , Ma Xinyu , Meng Xinyu , Zhao Chenyang , Wen Yuanyuan , Zhang Shijie , Hou Bao , Cai Weiwei , Han Zhijun , Sun Haijian , Xu Fei , Qiu Liying
Published: September 2023

Background
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is recognized as one of the primary causes of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. Vaccarin is a major component in traditional Chinese medicine Vaccaria with favorable effects on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Nonetheless, the potential role and mechanism of vaccarin in the etiologies of DN have yet to be completely elucidated.
Methods
A classical T2DM was experimentally induced in mice via a high-fat diet (HFD)/ streptozocin (STZ) regimen. The renal histological changes were assessed. Masson staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were employed to assess renal fibrosis. Quantitative real time-PCR (RT-PCR) was utilized to quantify the mRNA levels of renal fibrosis and inflammation markers. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as the contents of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were measured. The protein expression of collagen Ⅰ, TGF-β1, α-SMA, E-cadherin, P-ERK, P-EGFR(Y845), P-EGFR(Y1173), T-ERK and T-EGFR was detected by western blot.
Results
Our study showed that vaccarin had a beneficial impact on DN mice by improving renal function and mitigating histological damage. This was achieved through its inhibition of renal fibrosis, the reduction of inflammation cytokine overproduction, and ROS levels. Moreover, vaccarin treatment effectively suppressed epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a crucial process in renal fibrosis, in high glucose (HG)-induced HK-2 cells. The underlying mechanism was explored through network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking, which identified epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as a potential target for vaccarin. In support, vaccarin reduced the phosphorylation levels of both EGFR and its downstream mediator, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), in diabetic kidneys and HG-treated HK-2 cells. Notably, blocking either EGFR or ERK1/2 yielded similar renal benefits as observed with vaccarin treatment.
Conclusion
This study revealed that vaccarin held the strong ability to attenuate renal damage via inactivation of EGFR signaling in T2DM.
Genotyping of Torque Teno Virus among Women with Urinary Tract Infection in Diyala Governorate
Authors: Kaleefah Nedhal Mahmood
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Urinary tract infections are a persistent global problem; several types of pathogens associated with this disease Torque Teno Virus is a possible cause that can affect all ages and affect women more than men due to anatomy and physiological functions.
Objectives: To determine the infection rate and genotypes of Torque Teno Virus among women with urinary tract infection and study the correlation between Torque Teno Virus infection and different parameters.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using data obtained from women with urinary tract infections (50 pregnant women and 50 non-pregnant women). Urine samples were collected for microscopic and macroscopic examination, bacterial culture, DNA extraction, followed by amplification with specific primers by a nested polymerase chain reaction for phylogenic analysis.
Results: Out of 100 samples, eight samples were positive for Torque Teno Virus (8%). The infection rate of Torque Teno Virus was more common (75%) in the age group (31-47) years with statistical significance. Three cases (37.5%) of Staphylococcus aureus and 2 cases (25%) of each of Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis, and 1(12.5%) Enterococcus fecalis showed co-infection with positive Torque Teno Virus cases. The phylogenetic analysis results for Torque Teno Virus DNA isolated from urine samples revealed that all local isolates (8 isolates) belong to type 1 and 2. According to the closest, the phylogenetic tree results analysis showed the local isolate (No. 6 ) clustered with the reference isolates (Egypt, USA, England, Australia and Saudi Arabia). Isolate (No.1) showed was close to Italian and Brazilian isolates, while isolates number (2 and 5), (3 and 7), and (4 and 8) are very closely related to each other and closed to isolates from Iran.
Conclusion: The genotyping analysis of Torque Teno Virus among women with UTI in Diyala Governorate found that all isolates in the studied group belong to TTV genotypes 1 and 2, local isolate (No. 6) was close to isolates from different regions such as Egypt, USA, England, Australia and Saudi Arabia, local isolate (No. 1) was close to Italian and Brazilian isolates. Moreover, the other six isolates were closed to Iranian isolates.
Advancing Network Security: Enhancing Dynamic Vulnerability Detection in Secure and Insecure Programming through SDN-ML Hybrid Architecture
Authors: Sultan Thikra , Hendaoui Saloua
Published: September 2023

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is a new technique or method for managing computer networks. It contains several characteristics that allow the network to be set in a way that makes it easier to administer at a lower cost and improved efficiency to meet the demands of today's technology. However, three key factors must be assured while developing these networks: integrity, availability, and confidentiality. These networks are written in a variety of programming languages, including Java, and their frameworks may be checked and evaluated using software metrics to assure their integrity.
The majority of software metrics tools primarily rely on static analysis and lack the capability to identify dynamic errors that arise from intricate abstract data structures like linked lists. Machine learning has the potential to enhance code analysis and identify vulnerabilities by addressing these dynamic challenges.
This paper will suggest leveraging machine learning techniques to supplement software metrics tools, thereby addressing the limitation of static analysis in detecting dynamic errors originating from complex abstract data structures like linked lists. This novel approach aims to enhance code analysis and bolster the identification of vulnerabilities in software systems.
A Network Analysis Bridging the Gap Between the Big Five Personality Traits and Burnout Among Medical Staff
Authors: Wang Yifei , Wu Lin , Wang Mei , Feng Tingwei , Wang Qingyi , Chao Wu , Ren Lei , Liu Xufeng
Published: September 2023

Background
Burnout is a common issue among medical professionals, and one of the well-studied predisposing factors is the Big Five personality traits. However, no studies have explored the relationships between these traits and burnout from a trait-to-component perspective. To understand the specific connections between each Big Five trait and burnout components, as well as the bridging effects of each trait on burnout, we employed network analysis.
Methods
A cluster sampling method was used to select a total of 420 Chinese medical personnel. The 15-item Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory-15 (CBF-PI-15) assessed the Big Five personality traits, while the 15-item Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) assessed the effects of these traits on burnout. The calculated model used a regularized graphical Gaussian model, and each node in the final network represented the expected influence from the bridge.
Results
The study revealed distinct and clear relationships between the Big Five personality traits and burnout aspects. For instance, Neuroticism was related to doubt and worth, while Extraversion was related to doubt. Among the Big Five traits, Neuroticism displayed the highest positive bridge centrality, while Conscientiousness displayed the highest negative bridge centrality.
Conclusions
The network model provides a means to investigate the connections between the Big Five personality traits and burnout elements among medical professionals. This study offers new avenues for thought and potential targets for burnout treatment in medical personnel, which can be further explored and tested in clinical settings.
Exploring the potential of Natural Chitosan Extracted from Cockroaches in Zinc-rich Epoxy Paints on Carbon Steel to improve the Corrosion resistance of Coating
Authors: Sheikholeslami Arman , Ababaf Ahmad Nejad , Jafari Esmaeil
Published: September 2023

Due to global environmental concerns, many efforts have been made to prepare environmentally friendly and biodegradable materials .This study investigated the effectiveness of natural chitosan extracted from cockroaches as corrosion inhibitors for zinc epoxy paints on carbon steel in harsh environment. chitosan was extracted from shells of cockroaches using a simple and cost-effective method, and two types of industrial chitosan were purchased from a commercial source for comparison. Different concentrations of each chitosan were added to zinc-rich epoxy paints, which were applied on carbon steel samples and exposed to desulfovibrio in a culture medium. The corrosion behavior was evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization test, and the SEM and XRD analysis provided further insights into the morphology and chemical compositions of the coatings. The results demonstrate the potential of natural chitosan extracted from cockroaches as an effective corrosion inhibitor for zinc epoxy paints on carbon steel in corrosive environments, specifically against desulfovibrio, and highlight natural chitosan's superiority over industrial chitosan for this application.
Optimization of Surface Texture in Double Rectangular Cavity Hydrostatic Thrust Bearing Through GA genetic algorithm
Authors: Yu Xiaodong , Wang Yihan , Liu Haixin , Zhao Feihu , Li Ruichao , Sun Kaixuan , Guan Libo , Dai Ruichun , Jia Wentao , Wang Junfeng , Jiang Hui , Jiao Jianhua
Published: September 2023

Optimization of surface texture in liquid hydrostatic thrust bearing is particularly important in order to improve quality of processed products. There are excellent nonlinear ability and quite flexible network structure in BP neural networks, which can be used to achieve optimization of surface texture in all aspects of thrust bearing. The model of surface texture size parameters and the oil cavity pressure are established by BP neural network, and the experiment is designed based on orthogonal experimental samples. The optimal parameters of the texture size were optimized using the GA genetic algorithm, yielding a distance L = 1.2323 between the texture and the oil cavity, a width B = 0.99547, a depth H = 1.4714, and a corresponding mean pressure of the oil cavity P = 0.11882MPa. In particular, the sensitivity simulation method is able to find the optimal number of "type 1" surface textures on the oil sealing edge.
Accumulation of microbial residuals and lignin phenols in forest soils along the latitude
Authors: Lin Qiaoling , Tian Qiuxiang , Liao Chang , Yuan Xudong , Lu Mengzhen , Liu Feng
Published: September 2023

Aims
The carbon inputs from plant and microbial sources mainly govern the storage of soil organic carbon (SOC). However, how their relative contributions to SOC may vary along broad-scale environmental gradients is still poorly understood; the vertical distribution of these two carbon sources in soils is also elusive.
Methods
We selected amino sugar (microbial-derived carbon) and lignin phenol (plant-derived carbon) as biomarkers. The accumulation of amino sugar and lignin phenol in topsoil (0-10cm) and subsoil (30-50cm) of major forest types along latitude gradients in China was quantified.
Results
Our result showed that amino sugar concentrations decreased along latitude in topsoil. This was mainly influenced by annual mean temperature (MAT) and soil nitrogen (N). Lignin phenol concentrations decreased along latitude in topsoil, mainly influenced by soil C/N ratio. The soil amino sugar concentrations in topsoil were lower than those in subsoil, and the opposite was true for lignin phenols. In topsoil, the microbial-derived carbon was mainly composed of fungi-derived carbon, while in subsoil, bacteria-derived carbon dominated.
Conclusions
The microbial residues were mainly influenced by climate and soil properties. The lignin phenols were mainly controlled by soil properties. The controlling factors for microbial residues and lignin phenols in topsoil and subsoil are different. Our works have established a connection among climate, vegetation, and soil, revealing significant mechanisms for the vertical distribution of carbon sequestration along a latitude gradient.
Photospheric Velocities Measured at Mt. Wilson Show Rotational and Poleward Velocity Deviations Compose the Torsional Oscillations
Authors: Ulrich Roger K. , Tran Tham , Boyden John
Published: September 2023

The methods for reducing the observations from the 150-foot Tower Telescope on Mt. Wilson are reviewed and a new method for determining the Poleward and Rotational velocity deviations is described and applied. The flows we study are smaller than global and change with the solar cycle so we describe them as poleward and rotational deviations rather than meridional circulation when we are discussing solar surface flows. Due to a calibration problem with the data prior to 1983, only observations between 1983 and 2013 are presented at this time. After subtraction of latitude dependent averages over the 30-year period of observation the residual deviations in the poleward and rotational velocity deviations are well synchronized and correspond to what is widely recognized as the Torsional Oscillations. Both flow components need to be included in any model that replicates the Torsional Oscillations.
Manipulation of co-pelletization for Chlorela vulgaris harvest by treatment of Aspergillus niger spore
Authors: Zheng Xiao , Cong Wenjie , Gultom Sarman Oktovianus , Wang Mingxuan , Zhou Hualan , Zhang Jianguo
Published: September 2023

The co-pelletization of microalgae with filamentous fungi was a promising approach for microalgae harvest. However, the real conditions of microalgae growth limited the arbitrary optimization of co-pellets formation with filamentous fungi. Therefore, it is urgent to develop an approach to manipulate the co-pelletization through treatment of A. niger spores. In this study, Aspergillus niger and Chlorella vulgaris were used as the model species of filamentous fungi and microalgae to investigate co-pellets formation using A. niger spores after by different pH solutions treatment, swelling, snailase treatment. The importance of spore treatments on C. vulgaris harvest in sequence was claimed based on response surface methodology analysis. The pH solutions treatment, swelling, snailase treatment of A. niger spore contributed 21.0%, 10.5%, 40.7% of harvest ratio of C. vulgaris respectively, which guided the application of spore treatment into co-pelletization. Treatment of spore was showed as an efficient approach to manipulate co-pelletization for microalgae harvest in diverse microalgae condition. This results promoted the application of co-pelletization technology in microalgae harvest of various conditions.
Learning curve analysis of robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty with the HURWA surgical system
Authors: Zhang Haoran , Bai Xizhuang , Wang Huisheng , Yu Zhongshen , Yan Zenglong , Zhang Pan , Song Meng , Qun Feng , Wang Tianyi , Zhu Zhiyong , Li Xi
Published: September 2023

Purpose The aim of this study was to analyze the learning curve of total operative time, bone-cutting accuracy, and limb alignment in robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using the innovative image-based knee surgery robot known as HURWA. Additionally, a comparison was conducted with conventional TKA to ascertain the benefits of robotic-assisted TKA.Methods In this retrospective study, we analyzed a series of patients (n = 90) who underwent robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty using the HURWA robot between December 2021 and October 2022. The procedures were performed by one of three orthopedic surgeons with varying levels of experience. As a control group, we selected the last 30 conventional TKA cases performed by each of these three surgeons. To determine the learning curve, we recorded the operative time, bone-cutting error, and pre- and postsurgery radiographs.Results The study found no significant differences in total operative time, bone-cutting accuracy, or limb alignment between the three surgeons. Of the three surgeons, surgeon 1, who had the most experience in joint arthroplasty, reached the learning curve in case 8, with the shortest bone-cutting time and robot time. Surgeon 2 reached the learning curve in case 16, while surgeon 3 reached the learning curve in case 9. There was no observable learning curve effect for bone-cutting accuracy and limb alignment. However, the percentage of cases where limb alignment differed from preoperative planning by 3° or less was higher in robotic-assisted TKA (77.97%) compared to conventional TKA (47.19%).Conclusion The study determined that the learning curve for robotic-assisted TKA using the HURWA knee surgery robot ranged from 8 to 20 cases. No observable learning curve effect was detected for bone-cutting accuracy or limb alignment. Experienced surgeons using the HURWA robot for bone- cutting took less time and reached the learning curve earlier. The HURWA robot achieved better limb alignment without depending on the experience of conventional TKA.The Translational Potential of this Article: The study of the learning curve of the surgical robot will give an indication of the ease of learning of the surgical robot and thus provide strong evidence for the extension and diffusion of the surgical robot to primary hospitals.
ARID1B Deficiency Leads to Impaired DNA Damage Response and Activated cGAS- STING Pathway in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhu Guangsheng , Liu Jinghao , Li Yongwen , Huang Hua , Chen Chen , Wu Di , Cao Peijun , Su Lianchun , Wang Yanan , Zhang Hongbing , Liu Hongyu , Chen Jun
Published: September 2023

Purpose
Lung cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally, necessitating the identification of predictive markers for effective immunotherapy. Mutations in SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex genes were reported sensitized human tumors to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study aim to investigates the association between SWI/SNF gene ARID1B mutation and ICI response in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, to explore the functional consequences of ARID1B mutation on DNA damage response, immune microenvironment, and cGAS-STING pathway activation.
Methods
TCGA LUAD, LUSC, and AACR GENIE data are analyzed to assess ARID1B mutation status in NSCLC patients. Prognostic analysis evaluates the effect of ARID1B mutation on patient outcomes. In vitro experiments carried to investigate the consequences of ARID1B knockdown on DNA damage response and repair. The immune microenvironment is assessed based on ARID1B expression, and the relationship between ARID1B and the cGAS-STING pathway is explored.
Results
ARID1B mutation frequency is 5.7% in TCGA databases and 4.4% in the AACR GENIE project. NSCLC patients with ARID1B mutation showed improved overall and progression-free survival following ICIs treatment. ARID1B knockdown in lung cancer cell lines enhances DNA damage, impairs DNA repair, alters chromatin accessibility, and activates the cGAS-STING pathway. ARID1B deficiency is associated with immune suppression, indicated by reduced immune scores, decreased immune cell infiltration, and negative correlations with immune-related cell types and functions.
Conclusion
ARID1B mutation may predict improved response to ICIs in NSCLC patients. ARID1B mutation leads to impaired DNA damage response and repair, altered chromatin accessibility, and cGAS-STING pathway activation. These findings provide insights into ARID1B's biology and therapeutic implications in lung cancer, highlighting its potential as a target for precision medicine and immunotherapy. Further validation and clinical studies are warranted.
Effect of alternating nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase expression levels on mitophagy and pathological symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease mouse models
Authors: Zhao Na , Xu Bo , Xia Jie , Wang Jing , Zhang Xianliang , Yan Qingwei
Published: September 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction. Extensive studies have demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy impairment contribute substantially to the pathogenesis of AD. Recent studies have shown that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) augmentation restores mitophagy and removes the defective mitochondria. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the salvage pathway of NAD+ synthesis. Therefore, this study aims to provide evidence for the role of the NAMPT-NAD +-silent information-regulated transcription factors-1 (SIRT1) axis in mediating mitophagy in 6-month-old APP/PS1 transgenic mice. The results showed that NAMPT expression in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice significantly decreased. However, NAMPT was upregulated using P7C3 (NAMPT activator), which significantly increased NAD+-SIRT1-FOXO1/3a signaling pathway, enhanced mitophagy activity, and improved mitochondrial structure and function as well as learning and memory ability. Whereas NAMPT was downregulated under the FK866 treatment (NAMPT inhibitor), therefore reversing the pathways, and even exacerbating Aβ plaque deposition level in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. Our findings suggest that preventing the downregulation of NAMPT can abolish AD-related mitophagy impairment and that NAMPT represents a potential therapeutic intervention in AD pathogenesis.
Prognostic implications of a four-gene signature in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Duan Huangqi , Yu Shenggen , Xia Weimin , Wang Chen , Zhang Shun , Shen Yu , Cao Qifeng , Xu Ding , Liu Hailong , Shen Haibo
Published: September 2023

The high recurrence rate of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is a non-negligible problem in a clinical setting. Therefore, it is important to explore the affecting factors and to identify promising biological indicators that could predict the recurrence hazard. The present study employed a CIBERSORT computational method to characterize the immune cell infiltration (ICI) landscape using 549 NMIBC cases from the training cohort. Three ICI phenotypes were characterized and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and evaluated using Cox regression analysis and protein-protein interaction network construction. A four-gene signature for prognostic prediction in NMIBC patients was ultimately established, which was further evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis, revealing a significant recurrence-free survival (RFS) difference. The signature was constructed to stratify NMIBC patients into high- and low-risk groups. For patients in the high-risk group, significantly reduced RFS was observed when compared to patients in the low-risk group. Tissue validation results also showed that CDC20, CPL3A1, PLK1, and FOXM1 were differentially expressed between tumor and normal tissues from NMIBC patients. Results of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis demonstrated that the signature had a significant predictive power for NMIBC recurrence. Furthermore, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses showed that the signature manifested close interactions with cell-cycle pathways and tumor environment. In conclusion, this novel cell cycle-related four-gene signature can be used for prognostic prediction in NMIBC.
Enhancing Mesenchymal Stem Cell Culture on Microcarriers in Spinner Flask via Impeller Design Optimization for Aggregated Suspension
Authors: Zhang Botao , Lu Qiaohui , Dai Gance , Zhou Yi , Ye Qian , Zhou Yan , Tan Wensong
Published: September 2023

Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) are widely utilized in the field of regenerative medicine, particularly in cell therapy and tissue engineering. However, their application and development are hindered by limitations in cell expansion efficiency. When hUC-MSCs are cultured in suspension while attached to microcarriers, they tend to aggregate, and adjusting operational parameters fails to resolve the conflict between shear and aggregation. The microenvironment created by the original impeller is not suitable for cell growth. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were employed to investigate the flow field structure generated by the original impeller in the commercial spinner flasks. It was found that the flow field structure were unsuitable for the expansion of cells prone to aggregate. Consequently, a new impeller was designed to alter the flow field structure, aimed to promote aggregate suspension while maintaining a similar shear rate at the same rotation speed. Compared to the original impeller, the newly designed impeller demonstrated significant improvements. Notably, it reduced the size of aggregates, increased maximum cell density, and preserved cell stemness during cell expansion. Combining simulation results with experimental data, this study reveals that the degree of suspension of aggregates played a critical role in determining aggregate size. Additionally, the level of cell stemness was determined by modulating shear rate and the degree of aggregate suspension.
Fixation For Calcaneal Tuberosity Fracture (Beak Fracture) Using Preformed "L-shape" Hook Plate
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Wu Zongde
Published: September 2023

Objectives: Treating calcaneal tuberosity fracture (beak fracture) is considered difficult. The ankle functions of patients may be badly affected by skin flap necrosis and/or implant failure. In this study, we propose a robust, facile, economic and safe internal fixation technique to fix the fracture fragments using preformed "L-shape" hook plate.
Methods: A retrospective study is conducted to analyze patients with calcaneal tuberosity fracture who received surgical management from January 2015 to February 2020. According to Beavis classification, all of the patients were categorized into type II with larger fracture fragments, who were treated by internal fixation adopting preformed "L-shape" hook plate. The operation time, complications, and clinical healing time were recorded, Functional assessment is performed according to American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot (AOFAS-AH) scores and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain scores.
Results: There were a total of 15 patients of calcaneal tuberosity fracture (beak fracture), who had been treated by internal fixation adopting preformed "L-shape" hook plate. Among them, six patients were female and the rest were male, with their age ranging from 29 to 69 years (average of 52.9±11.2 years). The mean duration of follow-up was 17.1±6.0 months (range: 12 to 36 months). Eleven patients underwent emergency surgery. After the operation, no complications were observed such as poor wound healing, skin flap necrosis, wound dehiscence, hematomas or infections. In addition, none of the following complications were observed, which involved plate exposure, sural nerve injuries, venous thromboembolic events, loss of reduction, and fixation failure. In this study, fifteen cases achieved clinical healing at 8-13 weeks (average 10.5 weeks) postoperatively. For functional evaluation, the preoperative VAS and AOFAS-AH scores were 5.7±0.6 and 24.0±9.9 respectively, whereas the postoperative VAS and AOFAS-AH scores at the last follow-up were 1.3±0.5 and 93.8±5.2 (p<0.001).
Conclusions: Emergency open reduction and internal fixation operation should be conducted with respect to patients who have calcaneal avulsion fracture, thereby preventing flap necrosis from happening. For patients with Beavis type II beak fracture, preformed "L-shape" hook plate fixation facilitates better recovery of normal ankle functions. Performing as one of the optional treatments, this study proposes a robust, facile, and safe internal fixation technique for avulsion fractures of calcaneal tuberosity (beak fracture ). A series of follow-up case study have verified the validity and effectiveness of implementing the proposed method, paving way for treating complicated calcaneal avulsion fractures.
Frailty and health-related quality of life among older people living with HIV pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic onset: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Torres Thiago S. , Arabe Daniel , Jesus Jovanice S. , Guaraldo Lusiele , Meque Fabião Alberto , Lessa Flavia , Facchinetti Lívia Dumont , Estrela Rita , Veloso Valdilea G. , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Cardoso Sandra W.
Published: September 2023

Background: Antiretroviral therapy increased the survival and life expectancy of people living with HIV (PWH). HIV infection may have an impact on the aging process, including frailty development. Frailty-related syndromes among older PWH (aged 50 years or older) may affect their health-related quality of life (HQoL). Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted health-related outcomes, including frailty and HQoL. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty among older PWH, and to explore associations of HQoL with the study assessment period and frailty status.
Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted pre- (May 23, 2019 to March 5, 2020) and post-COVID-19 pandemic onset (June 23, 2021 to May 5, 2022), among older PWH at INI-Fiocruz, the largest cohort of PWH in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We measured frailty using a modified version of Fried assessment, consisting of five domains: (1) unintentional weight loss; (2) self-reported exhaustion, (3) weakness (grip strength), (4) slow walking speed, (5) low physical activity. QoL was assessed using the ACTG SF-21, which contains 21 questions divided into 8 domains. We used chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Kruskal-Wallis and ranksum test for comparisons.
Results: Between May 2019 and May 2022, 250 individuals were included in this analysis: 109 (43.6%) pre-COVID-19 and 141 (56.4%) post-COVID-19. The median age was 60 years (IQR:55-64). Most self-identified as cisgender men (152; 60.8%), Pardo or Black (146; 58.4%), with completed secondary education or less (169; 67.9%) and low income (132; 52.8%). Prevalences of frailty and pre-frailty were 9.2% (95%CI:8.1-10.3) and 61.6% (95%CI:54.0-69.2), while frailty prevalences were 10.6% and 7.3% in the post- and pre-COVID-19 pandemic periods, respectively. HQoL was lower among older PWH with frailty compared to those with non-frailty and pre-frailty. HQoL was also lower among older PWH included in the post-COVID-19 compared to pre-COVID-19 pandemic periods for four out of eight QoL domains.
Conclusions: We observed low prevalence of frailty, but high prevalence of pre-frailty among older PWH. Our study increases the body of knowledge about aging and HIV and underscores the importance of including frailty and HQoL during clinical assessment, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic.
New insights into canine milk: a multi-omics approach
Authors: Cohen Alisa , Turjeman Sondra , Levin Rachel , Tal Smadar , Koren Omry
Published: September 2023

Background
A mother’s milk is considered the gold standard of nutrition in neonates and is a source of cytokines, immunoglobulins, growth factors, and other important components, yet little is known about the components of canine milk, specifically colostrum, and the knowledge related to its microbial and metabolic profiles is particularly underwhelming. In this study we characterized canine colostrum and milk microbiota and metabolome of several breeds of dogs and examined profile shifts as milk matures in the first 8 days post-whelping.
Results
Through untargeted metabolomics, we identified 63 named metabolites that were significantly differentially expressed between days 1 and 8 of lactation, whereas the microbial compositions of the colostrum and milk, characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, were, surprisingly, largely similar, with only two differentiating genera. The shifts observed, mainly increases in several sugars and amino sugars over time and shifts in amino acid metabolites, align with shifts observed in human milk samples and track with puppy development.
Conclusion
Like human milk, canine milk composition is dynamic, and shifts are well correlated with developing puppies’ needs. Such a study of the metabolic profile of canine milk, and its relation to the microbial community, provides insights into the changing needs of the neonate, as well as the ideal profile for optimal functionality. This information will add to the existing knowledge base of canine milk composition with the prospect of creating a quality, tailored milk substitute or supplement for puppies.
A brief introduction to the insurance industry of Nepal and its growth
Authors: Ghimire Nabin
Published: September 2023

It has been well acknowledged widely that the insurance industry in Nepal has all grown tremendously beyond expectation in recent years. Many earlier studies conducted focused on how this industry has grown. This research also focuses on analyzing the trend of total premium income growth in Nepal during the period of 2003-2020 and tries to relate this growth with the growth of economy to establish the causal relationship between them.