bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trade Openness and Economic Growth in Malaysia
Authors: Makun Keshmeer
Published: July 2017

This study is an attempt to examine the effects of trade openness along with two other conditioning variables on economic growth in Malaysia by applying time-series econometric technique. LSE-Henry’s general to specific approach results show significant positive effect of trade openness on growth. Human capital and good economic policies tested with an interaction term increases the growth effects of trade openness. The addition of these variables and findings are significant statistically and robust to different specifications. On the basis of the findings, it is concluded that while trade openness enhance growth, decision makers should also focus on human capital development. In addition, decision makers should ensure good economic policies to take full benefit of trade openness.
Dynamic response of laminated composite beam reinforced with shape memory alloy wires subjected to low velocity impact of multiple masses
Authors: Khalili SMR , Saeedi A
Published: July 2017

The response of laminated hybrid composite beam with embedded shape memory alloy wires subjected to impact of multiple masses is analytically investigated. Two degree of freedom spring-mass system and Fourier series are used in order to study the low velocity impact phenomenon on the resulting hybrid composite beam. A linearized contact law is chosen to calculate the contact force history. The effect of pseudo elasticity of wires as well as the recovery stresses generated in shape memory alloy wires due to shape memory effect is investigated. The beam is subjected to impactors with various masses, radii, and initial velocities. Impacts are occurred on the top and/or bottom surface of the beam. The effects of volume fraction of shape memory alloy wires, location of embedded wires, location of impacts and pre-strain in shape memory alloy wires on the contact force history and the deflection curve of the beam are investigated. The obtained results illustrated that embedding shape memory alloy wires in the laminated composite beam caused the deflection of the beam to occur more local at the points of impact, in comparison with the beams without shape memory alloy wires. Moreover, embedding 0.2 volume fraction of the shape memory alloy wires reduced the maximum deflection of the beam subjected to impact of 2 impactor masses by 57% and 3 impactor masses (on both sides) by 12%. Pre-straining the wires caused more reduction in deflection of the beam under impact loading.
Finite element analyses on bending fatigue of three-dimesional five-directional braided composite T-beam with mixed unit-cell model
Authors: Ouyang Yiwei , Sun Baozhong , Gu Bohong
Published: July 2017

This paper reports the bending fatigue behavior of three-dimensional five-directional braided T-shaped composite from finite element analyses and experimental characterizations. The braided composite microstructure was divided into five types of unit cell models, that is, interior cell, surface cell, corner cell, interior cell in joint region, and corner cell in joint region. A user-defined material subroutine was developed to characterize the unit cells properties, damage accumulation, and failure criterion of the T-beam under different stress levels. The stiffness degradation curves and bending displacement curves were obtained from the finite element analysis to show the three stages of fatigue developments, that is, matrix cracks, interface debonding, and fiber breaking. The stress and strain concentration areas were found in the middle of the flange and the web of the T-beam composites. The high strength reinforced fibers are recommended to add in the middle of the flange and the web for improving the bending fatigue resistance. And also, we hope the mixed unit-cell model could be extended to the other braided composite structures under quasi-static or cyclic loadings.
Analyzing Military Connectedness and Children’s Individual Adaptation With Multinomial Propensity Score Matching
Authors: Wretman Christopher J. , Bowen Gary L.
Published: July 2017

Research demonstrates students with a family member serving in the military often experience deleterious effects on their developmental outcomes. This study addresses two knowledge gaps in this area of research. First, we present a conceptualization of a unique typology of military connectedness, including the potentially unique effect of having both an adult and sibling in the military. Second, the analysis used sophisticated propensity score techniques to properly control for substantive and methodological differences arising from hidden selection bias. Multinomial propensity score matching was used to analyze a large, diverse sample of middle- and high school students ( N = 9,536; mean age: 13 years). Results show statistically significant differences exist between adult-only, sibling-only, and adult + sibling military connections. Implications include the need for research to statistically model adult + sibling military connections, and for practitioners to consider how various forms of military connectedness might differentially influence children’s development.
Ideology and Moral Reasoning: How wine was saved from the 19th century phylloxera epidemic
Authors: Kwon Winston , Constantinides Panos
Published: July 2017

Extant organizational research into crises has focused on the efforts of different actors to defend and legitimate their ideologies towards particular actions. Although insightful, such research has offered little knowledge about the moral reasoning underlying such action. In this paper, we explore how moral reasoning from different ideological viewpoints can lead to polarized debates and stalemate within the context of ecological crises. We apply our conceptual framework in an analysis of the 19th century French phylloxera epidemic. Drawing upon this analysis, we argue that, by adapting their moral reasoning, opposing stakeholder groups could maintain their underlying ideology, while at the same time pragmatically changing their actions towards the crisis. We discuss the theoretical implications of our analysis for historical research in organizational studies and research on organizations and the natural environment.
Working within Discretionary Boundaries: Allocative Rules, Exceptions, and the Micro-Foundations of Inequ(al)ity
Authors: Radoynovska Nevena M
Published: July 2017

Organizations tasked with allocating limited resources face obvious distributive dilemmas. Allocative rules – when applied universally – seek to limit the discretion of organizational members and mitigate disparate treatment. Yet, particularistic needs often warrant exceptions to such rules and accept unequal treatment in the interest of equity. I argue that organizational members engage in a form of boundary work, which I call discretion work, to manage discretionary boundaries around the application of allocative rules versus exceptions. Discretion work functions through semi-institutionalized ‘rules of exceptionalism,’ which involve continual boundary-testing. Relying on ethnographic fieldwork at a French social service organization, enriched by interviews with service providers, I identify three types of discretion work – procedural, symbolic, and evaluative – which govern how, for whom, and for what purpose allocative decisions are made. The article contributes to institutional perspectives on inequality by a) articulating the micro-practices that (re)produce inequitable resource allocation at the bottom of the social ladder, and b) theorizing the often overlooked distinction between principles of equity and equality.
Grandchildren’s Depressive Symptoms and Perceptions of Family Functioning: Protective and Influencing Factors
Authors: Musil Carol M. , Rice Heather M. , Singer Mark , Givens Sarah E. , Warner Camille B. , Zauszniewski Jaclene A. , Burant Christopher J. , Toly Valerie B. , Jeanblanc Alexandra B.
Published: July 2017

A recent increase in children living with grandparents places more children at increased risk for emotional, psychological, or behavioral problems. This study used the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment, and Adaptation to examine how children’s living situation, parental monitoring, child’s resourcefulness, and perceived support affect depressive symptoms and perceived family functioning. Of participants, 36% ( n = 56) lived with their parents only, 44% ( n = 69) lived with a grandmother as their primary caregiver, and 20% ( n = 31) lived in a multigenerational household. Results indicate parental monitoring and support affected perceptions of family functioning. Subjective support and resourcefulness affected depressive symptoms. No effects were found from living situation and demographic factors. Resourcefulness had the strongest effect on depressive symptoms, with a 3-point decrease in symptoms for each incremental increase in resourcefulness. This study provides insight into factors influencing children’s depressive symptoms and perceived family functioning, and provides direction for the development of future interventions.
The Burden and Visit Prevalence of Pediatric Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Gilani Sapideh , Shin Jennifer J.
Published: July 2017

Objectives

Pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis has a substantial impact, but its epidemiology has yet to be elucidated. Our objectives were (1) to determine the associated national visit burden and (2) to assess its frequency relative to other frequent childhood otolaryngological illnesses.

Study Design

Analysis of national survey databases.

Setting

Ambulatory care settings in the United States, 2005 to 2012.

Subjects and Methods

Cases with a diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis were assessed in total and as a proportion of all visits reported in National Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys. To place these data into context, results for acute rhinosinusitis, allergic rhinitis, upper respiratory tract infection, and otitis media were also extracted and compared. Data specific to individual age group and calendar year were assessed.

Results

Chronic rhinosinusitis accounted for 5.6 million visits per annum (range, 3.7‐7.5 million) among patients 0 to 20 years of age. Children in the >5‐ to 10‐year‐old and >10‐ to 15‐year‐old age groups were more likely to be affected (P <. 001). Among all visits, chronic rhinosinusitis was diagnosed in 2.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9%‐2.4%), acute rhinosinusitis in 0.6% (95% CI, 0.5%‐0.7%), allergic rhinitis in 2.6% (95% CI, 2.3%‐2.8%), upper respiratory tract infection in 8.0% (95% CI, 7.5%‐8.4%), and otitis media in 6.7% (95% CI, 6.5%‐7.1%). Chronic rhinosinusitis visits were significantly more prevalent than for acute rhinosinusitis (relative risk, 3.40; 95% CI, 2.70‐4.10; P <. 0001). Among those >15 to 20 years of age, chronic rhinosinusitis was 2.18‐fold (95% CI, 1.65‐2.70) more frequently diagnosed than otitis media.

Conclusions

The visit burden from pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis exceeds that of acute rhinosinusitis and equals the burden from allergic rhinitis.
American Joint Committee on Cancer Eighth Edition Changes in Staging Criteria: Implications for Data Collection
Authors: Saraswathula Anirudh , Chen Michelle , Negoita Serban , Divi Vasu
Published: July 2017

The American Joint Committee on Cancer, in the eighth edition of its cancer staging manual, makes a number of changes to improve survival predictions in human malignancy. In this commentary, we examine the national collection of data for head and neck cancer. We outline and review the major changes made in head and neck cancer staging, identify the key data elements that will need to be collected with the new edition’s criteria, and discuss the institutional adjustments currently being made to data collection under the new guidelines to improve the quality of data in our national cancer databases.
Improved separation and utilization of light naphtha stock by adsorption process
Authors: Feng Minchao , Zhou Xiaolong , Hu Wei , Wang Wenyan , Li Chenglie
Published: July 2017

An integrated process for separation and utilization of light naphtha stock in refineries is discussed in this paper. Normal paraffins present in light naphtha streams are first separated from nonnormal paraffins by adsorption technology. The adsorbed n-paraffins are recovered and can be used as an ideal feedstock for steam cracking, meanwhile iso-pentane or iso-pentane and iso-hexane blends are recovered by rectification of the nonadsorbed effluent and used as necessary components for modern gasoline or aviation gasoline products. From the results for a model feedstock, an isothermal adsorption and purging desorption approach is selected. Optimum parameters consist of adsorption and desorption duration of 30 min at 180℃ for each, nitrogen stream LHSV of 240 h−1 in the desorption step, the dynamic capacity of the adsorbent reaches 0.042 g/g.
‘Changing Lives’
Authors: McGreevy Gail
Published: July 2017

In October 2016 the Probation Board for Northern Ireland launched an app called ‘Changing Lives’, designed to assist offenders to desist from crime. ‘Changing Lives’ is the first app developed specifically to help offenders in Northern Ireland to desist from crime and become rehabilitated. Available on both Android and iOS, it enables offenders who have problems with their mental health or addictions to identify their problems and find support. It offers advice on how to overcome problems with addictions and mental health and signposts people to appropriate services. People who believe they are at risk can also directly ring the Samaritans or Lifeline from the app. The app features a journal, so that those on probation can keep track of any issues in their lives and share their progress or any challenges they face with their probation officer. A contacts section of the app enables people to ring directly through to probation staff as well as out-of-hours GP services and others. The app is due to be evaluated in October 2017.
Marriage as a training ground: Examining change in self-control and forgiveness over the first 4 years of marriage
Authors: Pronk Tila M. , Buyukcan-Tetik Asuman , Iliás Marina M.A.H. , Finkenauer Catrin
Published: July 2017

Do partners’ levels of self-control and forgiveness change over the course of marriage? Based on the idea that marriage may function as a training ground for these vital relationship abilities, we hypothesized that people increase their levels of self-control and forgiveness over time and that these developments take place simultaneously. We tested these predictions among 199 newlywed couples in the first 4 years of marriage, using a dyadic latent growth curves analysis. Confirming our hypotheses, results showed significant increases in self-control and forgiveness as well as a positive concurrent correlation between these variables. However, the developments of self-control and forgiveness were unrelated. So, while people become more self-controlled and forgiving over the course of a marriage, these developments do not coincide.
Cognitive control in young adults with cannabis use disorder: An event-related brain potential study
Authors: Maij David LR , van de Wetering Ben JM , Franken Ingmar HA
Published: July 2017

Contemporary models of substance use disorders emphasize the role of cognitive control, which has been linked to difficulties in resisting the use of substances. In the present study, we measured two aspects of cognitive control, response inhibition (operationalized by a Go/NoGo Task) and performance monitoring (operationalized by an Eriksen Flanker Task), in a group of young cannabis-use disorder (CUD) patients and compared these functions with two control groups (i.e. a group of cigarette smokers and a group of non-smokers). We employed both behavioural and electrophysiological measures. The results indicate that CUD patients displayed reduced NoGo-P3 event-related potentials compared with non-smoking controls, but not compared with smoking controls. In addition, CUD patients were slower on Go trials than both control groups. No other between-group electrophysiological or behavioural differences were observed. These results seem to suggest that CUD patients have problems related to response inhibition, but performance monitoring seems relatively unaffected.
Optimized tPA: A non-neurotoxic fibrinolytic agent for the drainage of intracerebral hemorrhages
Authors: Goulay Romain , Naveau Mikaël , Gaberel Thomas , Vivien Denis , Parcq Jérôme
Published: July 2017

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most severe form of stroke. Catheter-delivered thrombolysis with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rtPA) for the drainage of ICH is currently under evaluation in a phase III clinical trial (MISTIE III). However, in a pig model of ICH, in situ fibrinolysis with rtPA was reported to increase peri-lesional edema by promoting N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-dependent excitotoxicity. In the present study, we engineered a non-neurotoxic tPA variant, OptPA, and investigated its safety and efficacy for in situ fibrinolysis in a rat model of ICH. Magnetic resonance imaging analyses of hematoma and edema volumes, behavioral tasks and histological analyses were performed to measure the effects of treatments. In vitro, OptPA was equally fibrinolytic as rtPA without promoting NMDA-dependent neurotoxicity. In vivo, in situ fibrinolysis using OptPA reduced hematoma volume, like rtPA, but it also reduced the evolution of peri-hematomal neuronal death and subsequent edema progression. Overall, this preclinical study demonstrates beneficial effects of OptPA compared to rtPA for the drainage of ICH.
Intervention to Prevent Falls: Community-Based Clinics
Authors: Baker Dorothy I. , Leo-Summers Linda , Murphy Terrence E. , Katz Barbara , Capobianco Beth A.
Published: July 2017

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to document results of State funded fall prevention clinics on rates of self-reported falls and fall-related use of health services. Methods: Older adults participated in community-based fall prevention clinics providing individual assessments, interventions, and referrals to collaborating community providers. A pre–post design compares self-reported 6-month fall history and fall-related use of health care before and after clinic attendance. Results: Participants ( N = 751) were predominantly female (82%) averaging 81 years of age reporting vision (75%) and mobility (57%) difficulties. Assessments revealed polypharmacy (54%), moderate- to high-risk mobility issues (39%), and postural hypotension (10%). Self-reported preclinic fall rates were 256/751(34%) and postclinic rates were 81/751 (10.8%), ( p = .0001). Reported use of fall-related health services, including hospitalization, was also significantly lower after intervention. Implications: Evidence-based assessments, risk-reducing recommendations, and referrals that include convenient exercise opportunities may reduce falls and utilization of health care services. Estimates regarding health care spending and policy are presented.
Synergistic effect of co-digestion to enhance anaerobic degradation of catering waste and orange peel for biogas production
Authors: Anjum Muzammil , Khalid Azeem , Qadeer Samia , Miandad Rashid
Published: July 2017

Catering waste and orange peel were co-digested using an anaerobic digestion process. Orange peel is difficult to degrade anaerobically due to the presence of antimicrobial agents such as limonene. The present study aimed to examine the feasibility of anaerobic co-digestion of catering waste with orange peel to provide the optimum nutrient balance with reduced inhibitory effects of orange peel. Batch experiments were conducted using catering waste as a potential substrate mixed in varying ratios (20–50%) with orange peel. Similar ratios were followed using green vegetable waste as co-substrate. The results showed that the highest organic matter degradation (49%) was achieved with co-digestion of catering waste and orange peel at a 50% mixing ratio (CF4). Similarly, the soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) was increased by 51% and reached its maximum value (9040 mg l-1) due to conversion of organic matter from insoluble to soluble form. Biogas production was increased by 1.5 times in CF4 where accumulative biogas was 89.61 m3 t-1substrate compared with 57.35 m3 t-1substrate in the control after 80 days. The main reason behind the improved biogas production and degradation is the dilution of inhibitory factors (limonene), with subsequent provision of balanced nutrients in the co-digestion system. The tCOD of the final digestate was decreased by 79.9% in CF4, which was quite high as compared with 68.3% for the control. Overall, this study revealed that orange peel waste is a highly feasible co-substrate for anaerobic digestion with catering waste for enhanced biogas production.
Leaching behaviour of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash: From granular material to monolithic concrete
Authors: Sorlini Sabrina , Collivignarelli Maria Cristina , Abbà Alessandro
Published: July 2017

The aim of this work was to assess the leaching behaviour of the bottom ash derived from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) used in concrete production. In particular, the release of pollutants was evaluated by the application of different leaching tests, both on granular materials and monolithic samples (concrete mixtures cast with bottom ash).

The results confirmed that, according to Italian regulations, unwashed bottom ashes present critical issues for the use as alternative aggregates in the construction sector due to the excessive release of pollutants; instead, the leachate from washed bottom ashes was similar to natural aggregates. The concentration of pollutants in the leachate from concrete mixtures was lower than regulation limits for reuse. The crushing process significantly influenced the release of pollutants: this behaviour was due both to the increase in surface area and the release of contaminants from cement. Moreover, the increase in contact time (up to 64 days) involved more heavy metals to be released.
Evaluations of clinical-grade bone substitute-combined simvastatin carriers to enhance bone growth: In vitro and in vivo analyses
Authors: Lee Tien-Ching , Wang Yan-Hsiung , Huang Shih-Hao , Chen Chung-Hwan , Ho Mei-Ling , Fu Yin-Chih , Wang Chih-Kuang
Published: July 2017

We demonstrated in a value-added study that the combination of calcium phosphate–based bone substitute (MaxiBone® bioceramics) and simvastatin/poly lactic- co-glycolic acid (SIMm) carriers which were fabricated by GMP pharmaceutical company and underwent our patterned double-emulsion technique can promote bone growth. The average size distribution of SIMm, the encapsulation efficacy, and the in vitro release profile of simvastatin in SIMm over 14 days were investigated in this study. Based on the results of Alizarin Red S staining and alkaline phosphatase activity, the released simvastatin of SIMm can effectively induce osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (D1 cells). In the non-union fracture model of animal study, the MaxiBone bioceramics group and MaxiBone bioceramics with SIMm group showed a significant increase in the percentages of new bone matrix compared with the control group and SIMm groups at the 8th and 10th weeks. Moreover, the MaxiBone bioceramics with SIMm group showed the strongest effect in new bone formation among these groups. We concluded that the calcium phosphate–based ceramics of MaxiBone combined with SIMm can accelerate osteogenic differentiation and bone growth in vitro and in vivo. Our results provide a proof of concept that SIMm can play as an osteoinductive material and the combination with bone substitutes with osteoconductive property effectively enhance bone growth, and this treatment is value added for clinical application, especially in the healing of large bone defects or non-union.

Graphical abstract. The clinical-grade calcium phosphate–based bone substitute combined SIM/PLGA/HAp microspheres were fabricated by GMP pharmaceutical company to promote bone growth in bone defect model of mice.
Evaluation of the in vitro biodegradation and biological behavior of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/nano-fluorhydroxyapatite composite microsphere-sintered scaffold for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Tahriri Mohammadreza , Moztarzadeh Fathollah , Tahriri Arash , Eslami Hossein , Khoshroo Kimia , Jazayeri Hossein E , Tayebi Lobat
Published: July 2017

The objective of this research was to study the degradation and biological characteristics of the three-dimensional porous composite scaffold made of poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid)/nano-fluorhydroxyapatite microsphere using sintering method for potential bone tissue engineering. Our previous experimental results demonstrated that poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid)/nano-fluorhydroxyapatite composite scaffold with a ratio of 4:1 sintered at 90ºC for 2 h has the greatest mechanical properties and a proper pore structure for bone repair applications. The weight loss percentage of both poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid)/nano-fluorhydroxyapatite and poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) scaffolds demonstrated a monotonic trend with increasing degradation time, that is, the incorporation of nano-fluorhydroxyapatite into polymeric scaffold could lead to weight loss in comparison with that of pure poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid). The pH change for composite scaffolds showed that there was a slight decrease until 2 weeks after immersion in simulated body fluid, followed by a significant increase in the pH of simulated body fluid without a scaffold at the end of immersion time. The mechanical properties of composite scaffold were higher than that of poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) scaffold at total time of incubation in simulated body fluid; however, it should be noted that the incorporation of nano-fluorhydroxyapatite into composite scaffold leads to decline in the relatively significant mechanical strength and modulus during hydrolytic degradation. In addition, MTT assay and alkaline phosphatase activity results defined that a general trend of increasing cell viability was seen for poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid)/nano-fluorhydroxyapatite scaffold sintered by time when compared to control group. Eventually, experimental results exhibited poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid)/nano-fluorhydroxyapatite microsphere-sintered scaffold is a promising scaffold for bone repair.
A tissue factor-cascade-targeted nanoparticle forsite-directed inducing thrombosis
Authors: Jin Weiwei , Yin Yanxue , Zhang Bo , Mei Heng , Wang Huafang , Guo Tao , Shi Wei , Hu Yu
Published: July 2017

Tissue factor is an upstream component of the cascade and a high-expressing factor under phathological conditions. In this study, a tissue factor cascade-targeted strategy for inducing local thrombosis was developed by combining ENP-HMME and photochemistry. In vitro study showed that protein EGFP-EGF1 conjugation to the nanoparticles could significantly contribute to the uptake of nanoparticles by tissue factor over-expressed brain capillary endothelial cells. Three-dimensional imaging and specklegram of brains in vivo showed that tissue factor cascade-targeted strategy successfully induced thrombosis of expected position. As shown by the in vivo multispectral fluorescent imaging, when ENP-HMME was combined with photochemistry, higher accumulation in the infarction hemisphere was observed, which might suggest that the photochemistry inducing tissue factor cascade recruited more ENP-HMME than HMME-loaded nanoparticles (NP-HMME). The data indicated the tissue factor cascade-targeted strategy has potential to induce local thrombosis, and might be applied in the treatment of a variety of hypervascular diseases.
A Critical Appraisal of 25 Years of Research About Fashion Adoption Groups
Authors: Workman Jane E. , Lee Seung-Hee
Published: July 2017

A critical appraisal of 52 articles about fashion adoption groups published from 1989 to 2013 was presented in this article. Objectives were to evaluate use of theories/models, demographics, research methods, and terms denoting fashion adoption groups. Information was compiled and organized to present a broad, updated, and more complete view of fashion adoption. Gaps and shortcomings were uncovered that provided ideas for future research. Detection of a variety of both theoretical and operational terminology and definitions provided a rationale for reaching consensus about terminology and definitions. Assessment of methods used to determine thresholds to segment consumers highlighted a need for consistency in analysis and reporting.
Scientific expertise and the politics of emotions in the 1902 trial of Giuseppe Musolino
Authors: Rozenblatt Daphne
Published: July 2017

In 1902, the Calabrian brigand Giuseppe Musolino was tried on several counts of murder and many crimes of lesser magnitude. While the tale of the brigand’s 1898 false conviction, imprisonment, escape and then revenge sparked a national debate about the political and cultural meaning of brigandage, the trial came to focus on Musolino’s emotional state at the time of his crimes. Was he a cold-blooded and calculating killer who manipulated southerners into believing he was a folk hero? Or was he an angry, passionate and insane murderer victimized by his own feelings? Both jurists and scientists weighed in to determine his culpability. By turning a political question of banditry or brigandage into a psychological question of morbid or criminal emotions, the trial politicized the criminal character. This article examines the perspectives on emotions that shaped Musolino’s trial, and how psychiatric knowledge came to challenge legal notions of insanity and culpability. It argues that the determination of emotions as motives served to de-legitimize the rationale and political motives of the defendant, in turn politicizing his emotions and character. At the same time, the cause of Musolino’s crime and his culpability represented the failures of national unification and the ongoing tensions between the North and South of Italy. The introduction of psychiatric expertise into the criminal court pushed judgement and punishment to examine increasingly who a person was as opposed to what that person had done. The court’s definition of who a person ‘was’, was a matter of how that person felt.
Brainwashing the cybernetic spectator: The Ipcress File, 1960s cinematic spectacle and the sciences of mind
Authors: Holmes Marcia
Published: July 2017

This article argues that the mid-1960s saw a dramatic shift in how ‘brainwashing’ was popularly imagined, reflecting Anglo-American developments in the sciences of mind as well as shifts in mass media culture. The 1965 British film The Ipcress File (dir. Sidney J. Furie, starr. Michael Caine) provides a rich case for exploring these interconnections between mind control, mind science and media, as it exemplifies the era’s innovations for depicting ‘brainwashing’ on screen: the film’s protagonist is subjected to flashing lights and electronic music, pulsating to the ‘rhythm of brainwaves’. This article describes the making of The Ipcress File’s brainwashing sequence and shows how its quest for cinematic spectacle drew on developments in cybernetic science, multimedia design and modernist architecture (developments that were also influencing the 1960s psychedelic counter-culture). I argue that often interposed between the disparate endeavours of 1960s mind control, psychological science and media was a vision of the human mind as a ‘cybernetic spectator’: a subject who scrutinizes how media and other demands on her sensory perception can affect consciousness, and seeks to consciously participate in this mental conditioning and guide its effects.
Influence of sheet roughness on the sensitivity of piezoelectric force sensors
Authors: Jia Zhenyuan , Jin Lei , Liu Wei , Ren Zongjin
Published: July 2017

Piezoelectric force sensors are widely used in precision measurement and machining applications. Sensitivity is one of the significant parameters determining the precision of these sensors. The influence of factors, such as the piezoelectric coefficient, sensor structure, and temperature on sensitivity had previously been studied except the roughness of sheets. For design optimization, the effect of roughness on the sensitivity of piezoelectric force sensors was investigated. A sensitivity model was built based on the electromechanical relationships and measurement systems. Fractal theory and classic statistics model were used to define the roughness of the sheets. The stiffness effect and thickness effect were used to probe the relationship, and two types of experiments with sheets of different roughness were performed to verify the models. The results indicated that the roughness of the sheets affected the sensitivity of the piezoelectric dynamometers due to the stiffness effect and thickness effect. In terms of the thickness effect, rough sheets induced high sensitivity; however, in terms of the stiffness effect, as the roughness decreases, the sensitivity first improved and then decreased. A method was proposed to optimize the roughness of the sheets to improve the sensor performance.
Investigation of vertical axis wind turbine airfoil performance in rain
Authors: Wu Zhenlong , Cao Yihua
Published: July 2017

Rainfall is a common meteorological condition that wind turbines may encounter and by which their performance may be affected. This paper comprehensively investigates the effects of rainfall on a NACA 0015 airfoil which is commonly used in vertical axis wind turbines. A CFD-based Eulerian–Lagrangian multiphase approach is proposed to study the static, rotating, and oscillating performances of the NACA 0015 airfoil in rainy conditions. It is found that for the different airfoil movements, the airfoil performance can seriously be deteriorated in the rain condition. Rain also causes premature boundary layer separations and more severe flow recirculations than in the dry condition. These findings seem to be the first open reports on rain effects on wind turbine performance and should be of some significance to practical design.
Experimental and numerical investigations of tip clearance flow and loss in a variable geometry turbine cascade
Authors: Gao Jie , Fu Weiliang , Wang Fukai , Zheng Qun , Yue Guoqiang , Dong Ping
Published: July 2017

Variable geometry turbines are widely employed to improve the off-design performance of gas turbine engines; however, there is a performance penalty associated with the vane-end partial gap required for the movement of variable vanes. This paper is a continuation of the previous work and aims to understand the leakage flow and loss mechanisms under the influence of the pivoting axis. Experimental investigations with a variable geometry turbine linear cascade have been conducted for tip gap heights of 1.1% and 2.2% blade spans as well as setting angles of −6°, 0°, and 6°, so as to reveal the three-dimensional clearance flow characteristics associated with partial gaps. Besides, numerical predictions are also carried out to better understand the experimental results. Pressure measurements were performed on the tip endwall as well as on the vane surface, and three-dimensional clearance flow fields downstream of the variable cascade were measured with a five-hole probe. The results show that as the vane setting angle is changed from design to closed, the vane loading increases and tends to be more aft-loaded, thus increasing the tip leakage loss, and vice versa. There are strong interactions between the flow around the pivoting axis and the leakage flow in the vane tip rear part, which leads to a low-pressure region on the tip endwall. The leakage vortex core is made up of the leakage flow in the vane tip rear part at both two tip gap heights, and the leakage vortex core formation process is different from the one in the rotor blade. The present results can provide useful references for the vane-end clearance design of variable geometry turbines.
Results confirm a relatively dry setting during the last glacial (MIS 3 and LGM) in Carajás, Amazonia: A comment on Guimarães et al.
Authors: D’Apolito Carlos , Latrubesse Edgardo M , Absy Maria L
Published: July 2017

Recent pollen rain data from lake Amendoim in Carajás (southeastern Amazonia) revealed a dominant forest formation spectrum where, locally, montane savannas occupy a larger proportion of the lake’s basin (>90%). From this surprising result, we learn that local savanna coverage may not necessarily be enough to influence and dominate the pollen spectrum recorded in the lake sediments when rainforest is widespread in the surrounding areas. Therefore, even a minor proportion of tall forest in a savanna environment can have a significant influence on pollen deposition, masking the savanna signal in the stratigraphic record. Thus, when interpreting the last glacial pollen record of Carajás, the increased abundance of savanna taxa is an unequivocal indicator of local to regional savannas expansion. The postulation of a continued rainforest formation during the glacial times is an unsustainable alternative.
English-Medium Instruction and Intercultural Sensitivity: A Korean Case Study
Authors: Kim Jeongyeon , Choi Jinsook , Tatar Bradley
Published: July 2017

This case study examined the reactions of local students to the diversity in student population. Specifically, it investigated how the local students’ intercultural sensitivity to the international students is interrelated with their perception of the English-medium instruction (EMI) policy. The quantitative and qualitative analyses of the questionnaire responses of 213 college students and the subsequent interviews with 15 students revealed a lack of intercultural sensitivity which was correlated with their perception of EMI. The findings indicated that the local students’ different perceptions of the policy interplayed, directly and indirectly, with their sensitivity to the cultures of international students. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of cultivating intercultural sensitivity in an English as a lingua franca context.
Behavior of mortar beams with randomly distributed superelastic shape memory alloy fibers
Authors: Sherif Muhammad M , Khakimova Evelina M , Ozbulut Osman E , Harris Devin K , Ozyildirim H Celik
Published: July 2017

The addition of fibers to cementitious composites can provide improved ductility, energy dissipation, and resistance to cracking. However, it is also important to minimize residual deformations and provide crack-closing capabilities when the material is subjected to cyclic loading. In this study, the behavior of mortar mixtures with randomly distributed superelastic shape memory alloy fibers was investigated. Superelastic shape memory alloys are metallic alloys that possess unique characteristics such as the ability to undergo large deformations, excellent re-centering ability, and good energy dissipation capacity. To study the impact of shape memory alloys as a viable alternative to conventional fiber-reinforced cementitious composites, shape memory alloy fiber–reinforced mortar beam specimens with varying fiber volume fractions were prepared and tested under cyclic flexural loading. Digital image correlation method was used to measure full-field deformations and monitor the damage evolution on the surface of the specimens. Test results were analyzed in terms of flexural strength capacity, mid-span deflection, crack width, fiber distribution, and re-centering and crack recovery ratios for each specimen. Results indicate that the addition of shape memory alloy fibers to mortar composites can enhance flexural strength and ductility while providing re-centering and crack recovery capabilities at large deformation levels.
Finite element analysis of fiber optic embedded in thermal spray coating
Authors: Yi Duo , Zhang Min , Gu Lijuan , Yang Jianming , Yu Wenhui
Published: July 2017

This study aims to evaluate the thermomechanical behavior of a new composite structure using finite element method. The composite structure consists of the substrate and the thermal spray coating with embedded fiber optic. The temperature evolution of the composite estimated by the finite element model shows good agreement with the experimental recording, which confirms the justifiability of model initialization, and then, the thermal results are applied for the following mechanical analysis. The stress distribution and the variation in refractive index of the embedded fiber are investigated. The results show that the stress level suffered by the embedded fiber is much lower than the yield strength, and the variation in refractive index of the embedded fiber has an insignificant effect on optical transmission, which ensures a good embedding quality of the fiber optic.
Recipes for Structural Fairness in Games
Authors: Thavikulwat Precha
Published: July 2017

Background. Although fairness is central to society and to games that are taken seriously, the structural aspect of fairness has not been addressed as a problem of games.

Aim. To resolve the problem of structural fairness in multi-player, multi-episodic games, especially for business games that are transaction based, where sales result from individual transactions rather than from formulae that aggregate and allocate modeled-market demand.

Method. Mathematics and examples are used to clarify positions, present proofs, and show application.

Argument. Structural fairness is of three kinds: positional, order, and arrival.

Finding. For fixed number of parties, positional rotation assures complete positional fairness, whereas order rotation assures both complete positional fairness and complete order fairness, but only when number-of-party and number-of-episode conditions are satisfied. For variable number of parties, arrival rotation assures fairness to parties added last. The classic Gold and Pray model can be modified to allow supply to affect demand by applying order rotation to stock outs.

Application. The rotational procedures apply to business games with modeled and real markets, and may apply to all games with a scoring system that is taken seriously.

Conclusion. Games can be structurally fair, but the game that is structurally fair must be a multi-episodic game that incorporates fairness into its design. For assuring structural fairness, proportional and random methods are generally inferior to rotation.
Quality of Pharmacist-Managed Anticoagulation Therapy in Long-Term Ambulatory Settings: A Systematic Review
Authors: Manzoor Beenish S. , Cheng Wei-Han , Lee James C. , Uppuluri Ellen M. , Nutescu Edith A.
Published: July 2017

Objective: To perform a systematic review to evaluate the quality of warfarin anticoagulation control in outpatient pharmacist-managed anticoagulation services (PMAS) compared with routine medical care (RMC). Data Sources: MEDLINE, SCOPUS, EMBASE, IPA, CINAHL, and Cochrane CENTRAL, from inception to May 2017. Search terms employed: (“pharmacist-managed” OR “pharmacist-provided” OR “pharmacist-led” OR “pharmacist-directed”) AND (“anticoagulation services” OR “anticoagulation clinic” OR “anticoagulation management” OR “anticoagulant care”) AND (“quality of care” OR “outcomes” OR “bleeding” OR “thromboembolism” OR “mortality” OR “hospitalization” OR “length of stay” OR “emergency department visit” OR “cost” OR “patient satisfaction”). Study Selection and Data Extraction: Criteria used to identify selected articles: English language; original studies (comments, letters, reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, editorials were excluded); warfarin use; outpatient setting; comparison group present; time in therapeutic range (TTR) included as a measure of quality of anticoagulant control; study design was not a case report. Data Synthesis: Of 177 articles identified, 25 met inclusion criteria. Quality of anticoagulation control was better in the PMAS group compared with RMC in majority of the studies (N = 23 of 25, 92.0%). Clinical outcomes were also favorable in the PMAS group as evidenced by lower or equal risk of major bleeding (N = 10 of 12, 83.3%) or thromboembolic events (N = 9 of 10, 90.0%), and lower rates of hospitalization or emergency department visits (N = 9 of 9, 100%). When reported, PMAS have also resulted in cost-savings in all (N=6 of 6, 100%) of studies. Conclusions: Compared with routine care, pharmacist-managed outpatient-based anticoagulation services attained better quality of anticoagulation control, lower bleeding and thromboembolic events, and resulted in lower health care utilization.
Parent Ratings of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: What Is the Optimum Factor Model?
Authors: Gomez Rapson , Stavropoulos Vasilis
Published: July 2017

To date, at least 12 different models have been suggested for the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The current study used confirmatory factor analysis to examine the relative support for these models. In all, 1,407 Malaysian parents completed SDQ ratings of their children (age range = 5-13 years). Although the findings showed some degree of support for all 12 models, there was most support for an oblique six-factor model that included the five SDQ domains (emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer problems, and low prosocial behavior) and a positive construal factor comprising all the 10 SDQ positive worded items. The original proposed five-factor oblique model also showed good fit. The implications of the findings for understanding the results of past studies of the structural models of the parent version of the SDQ, and for clinical and research practice involving the SDQ are discussed.
Women Scientists as Decor: The Image of Scientists in Spanish Press Pictures
Authors: González David , Mateu Anna , Pons Empar , Domínguez Martí
Published: July 2017

Women are still less present in scientific areas than men. This study analyzes the visual representation of women scientists in Spanish press and concludes that they are also underrepresented in newspapers. We analyze 1,134 photographs published in 2014 and 2015 in the science news sections of the four largest distribution Spanish newspapers. A tendency to present men more often as the protagonists of the information and women as a visual resource is also observed. This text proposes the need for the media to be aware of such underrepresentation and to match the number of men and women in graphic materials.