bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Culture of an inclusive educational organization as an indicator of the quality of education in a contemporary metropolis
Authors: Shulekina Julia , Novikova Diana , Abayeva Madina
Published: March 2021

In modern realities, the design of conceptual aspects of educational inclusion is the actual research problem. The key concept for the formation of an inclusive platform of an educational organization is “organizational culture” which is understood as the result of the complex integrative interaction of the educational process participants and various learning environments created in the space of educational organizations of megacities. The purpose of the present study is to substantiate the need to support and develop organizational culture by different participants, including pupils with health limitations. This naturally removes the restrictions on any kind of support, care, and accompaniment that children with developmental disabilities can receive in an inclusive educational organization to achieve social and academic success. The review presented in the article is based on the analysis of several significant scientific and practical studies on the concerned problem. Following this goal, the article reveals the conditions for building, as well as trends in the development of an inclusive culture in educational organizations, which is necessary for the effective inclusion of the latter in a broader inclusive educational environment. The article emphasizes that different actors need different training to implement organizational culture, which significantly affects the involvement of different learning environments as an incubator in such training. The authors carried out the analysis of the Russian and Western models of organizational culture. Based on the data of foreign studies, the authors show the characteristic features of the European model of an organizational inclusive culture, as well as list the basic principles necessary to form an organizational culture included in the inclusive practice of an educational organization in the Russian Federation.
The current state of civic literacy of schoolchildren: research materials of Moscow education
Authors: Sorokin Andrei , Polovnikova Anastasiia , Kirillov Victor , Kalabukhova Galina , Maslova Natalia
Published: March 2021

Today, it is decisive to determine educational trends for the long-term development of both states and societies. The 21stcentury proposed fundamentally new approaches to setting educational goals and achieving educational results. An important step towards addressing this issue was the introduction of the “21stCentury Skills” concept. One of its elements is “Cultural and civic literacy”. Thus, the international community has made an effort to conduct research in the field of citizenship education. The study aims at forming a comprehensive understanding of the content and assessing the formation of civic literacy by various subjects (in this case, participants in the educational process in the city of Moscow). The selection of research methods and the development of research tools are based on the conceptual provisions in the field of functional literacy. The research novelty is associated with the adoption of innovative international methods by Moscow educational organizations. The study results can be presented in the form of three blocks: a block that determines the level of knowledge and understanding of civic literacy; a block that describes the preconditions and current formation of civic literacy in Moscow educational institutions; a block that represents the self-assessment of civic literacy among participants in the educational process. The study results prove that the respondents demonstrate a fairly high level of proficiency in basic civic terms in the field of knowledge and understanding. This fact correlates with their level of self-esteem. According to the respondents, the necessary conditions for mastering civic literacy are systematic citizenship education at school, the formation of legal culture in families, and the availability of the Internet.
Impact of inclusive education on improving the quality of life of totally blind students
Authors: Klimentyeva Viktoriya , Klimentyev Dmitry , Pashneva Svetlana , Umerenkova Anna , Fedorova Dina
Published: March 2021

The desire of contemporary society to improve the quality of life through the organization of wider access to education for people with disabilities raises several issues concerning the conditions for organizing inclusive education. In the article based on theoretical analysis and practical experience in implementing five-year research and educational project in cooperation with the Moscow City University, the hypothesis is substantiated that using specially developed didactic materials, individual training of applicants according to an adapted curriculum, and adaptive teaching methods, it is possible to ensure successful foreign language training of a foreign language teacher for blind and visually impaired adults enrolled in the inclusive education in an undergraduate program. The purpose of the study is to find the possibilities of teaching a foreign language to totally blind adults studying in an inclusive educational environment of a higher educational institution with the subsequent successful implementation of their professional activities. The scientific novelty of the research is seen in the development and testing of a model of methodically substantiated professionally-focused educational trajectory of foreign language education for totally blind adults studying at the university. Using classical research methods, such as the study of scientific literature and accumulated methodological experience, trial training, observation, and questionnaires, the researchers came to conclusions about the feasibility and productivity of the proposed approach to teaching English to blind students in an inclusive environment, contributing to a more effective professional training of people with disabilities, improving their self-esteem, better adaptation to life, as well as professional and personal advancement of all participants in the educational process.
Improving the efficiency of developing meta-subject scenarios in the Moscow Electronic School by means of educational analytics
Authors: Lavrenova Ekaterina , Yarmakhov Boris
Published: March 2021

One of the problems connected with the development of meta-subject skills in school students is the lack of publicly available educational materials with a focus on such skills. A possible solution is the formation of a collection of meta-subject materials stored in the library of learning scenarios of the Moscow Electronic School — now there are over 40,000 learning scenarios that have undergone moderation. This article presents the results of research that identified a cluster of teachers most inclined to create meta-subject scenarios and suggested recommendations for motivating teachers to create such scenarios. To achieve this purpose, a sample of authors of such scenarios published by the Moscow Electronic School were analyzed and clustered with the help of machine learning methods. As a result of this work, a gradient boosting algorithm was developed, which produced the best results. The clusters of users described as a result of the application of the algorithm followed five main behavior strategies in terms of the activity related to the creation of new scenarios. Teachers that are most likely to create meta-subject scenarios show interest in their colleagues’ scenarios not only in their subject but also in other academic disciplines taught at school, willingness to copy and customize them. To develop teachers’ readiness for the creation of meta-subject scenarios, it is recommended to conduct teacher training including their introduction to the best practices of developing such scenarios presented by the Moscow Electronic School. The research results are used in the development of a recommender system enabling easier search and navigation among the scenarios published by the Moscow Electronic School.
Training of educational technicians specialized in activity-based learning at institutions of higher education
Authors: Lvovskiy Vladimir , Agapov Anton , Mysina Tatiana
Published: March 2021

A teacher mastering a new paradigm needs professional support. In this case, it is recommended to create collective pedagogical action, in which all reflexive functions are performed by a teacher together with colleagues and educational technicians specialized in activity-based educational methods. The specific task of educational technicians is to follow semantic guidelines and normative frameworks of the above-mentioned pedagogical action. The reflexive position of educational technicians in relation to teaching means is that they should rely on activity-based learning and the corresponding principles of organizing and managing educational processes while supporting teachers. Thus, it is necessary to state that activity-based learning with its foundations, objectives, and methods has not acquired a comprehensive form for its popularization among school teachers. Currently, this paradigm is represented by a set of theoretical constructs from classical Russian psychology and a description of different educational experiments. The prerequisites for the training of educational technicians are associated with the application of the activity-based approach, which is the most developed in general education, for the training of educational technicians specialized in activity-based learning at institutions of higher education, including through the organization of quasi-professional activities. The study aims at considering various aspects of training educational technicians at institutions of higher education, including the specifics of the interim assessment. The authors of the article examine the corresponding literature on activity-based formats of professional training, as well as methods of forming educational events and outlining their content. The results obtained in the course of the study offer possible solutions to creating favorable conditions for the experimental and productive actions of future educational technicians. The novelty of the study is determined by a new approach to the training of educational technicians, which includes educational games having both diagnostic and reflexive potential.
Application of practice-oriented technologies in teaching undergraduates in creative areas of training
Authors: Mikryukov Vladimir , Orlova Elena , Mazhura Anastasia , Mladkovskaya Ekaterina , Milyanenko Alexander
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes the experience in the application of practice-oriented technologies in teaching students in creative areas of “Journalism”, and “Advertising and Public Relations” at higher education institutions in Moscow and the Moscow Region. The purpose of the conducted research is to identify the most effective practice-oriented technologies in the preparation of bachelors in the field of journalism, advertising, and public relations to the benefit of a modern metropolis. The authors give the classification of technologies and their effect on the result of students’ education and reveal how a particular technology is used in the training of university students. The article considers specific examples of technologies, their relevance, and impact on the level of professional training of university graduates, as well as on improving their competitiveness. The article also presents the analysis results of the students’ and graduates’ opinions (using the method of a free interview of 97 respondents without sample calculation) that confirms the main hypothesis that the structure of knowledge and skills of future specialists is being changed, as well as the level of preparedness to work in the metropolis and large cities. The present article summarizes the authors’ long-term experience in applying practice-oriented technologies in teaching students at many universities where the authors worked.
Quality and problems of training managers for priority sectors of the economy
Authors: Ryazantseva Margarita , Kiseleva Natalya
Published: March 2021

New challenges of the modern economy and society require changes in russian state program for training managerial human resources. The purpose of the present research is to develop a methodology for monitoring the labor market to assess the training quality of managerial human resources and identify the needs of regions and employers in terms of improving the skills of managers. The research methodology is based on Russian and foreign practices. The empirical basis of the research includes the results of an expert telephone survey of employers who have sent their employees to study under the Program, as well as an online survey of graduates of the Program. The significance of differences in the assessments of competencies required by a contemporary manager between groups of respondents was carried out using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test. The article presents the authorial methodology for monitoring the labor market, according to which a sociological and expert survey was conducted among employers (N1=46) and graduates of the Program (N2=152), representing 32 regions of Russia where the Presidential Program is implemented most actively. The data obtained in the course of the sociological study made it possible to assess the quality of educational programs, the importance of competencies for contemporary executives, and identify several problems in the implementation of the Presidential Program. Despite the high level of quality of training, the level of demand for training under the Presidential Program was quite low. The survey revealed a problem, such as a shortage of managerial human resources with engineering and technical education.
Forms and methods of remote control of university students learning
Authors: Leonovich Evgeniy , Romanova Marina , Khodakova Nina , Kalinchenko Anna , Kalinchenko Dmitry
Published: March 2021

This article discuses searching for forms and methods of remote control of learning of university students. The importance of this problem is stipulated by the necessity to organize distance learning in existing environment and wide education opportunities supported by electronic resources and their purposeful use. The formulated hypothesis states that their controlled use would allow to perform efficient control of learning at all stages of training. In order to confirm this hypothesis, the authors presented the results of activities of university teachers aimed at searching for forms and methods of remote control of students’ learning. This article discusses managerial, cognitive, and axiological aspects of remote control. The trends of searching for efficient approaches to solve the formulated problem are analyzed. Opportunity to apply network interaction of students upon distance learning is considered as well as control of formation of professional activities upon remote access. The network interaction acts as a mechanism of selection of forms and methods of distance control, such as discussion of assignment in remote access using electronic resources, online presentation of photos and videos required for joint work of all group students, presentation of results of assignment execution on interactive whiteboard of internet platform, joint work using electronic resource to create project. The control processes of distance learning are very important in professional training. The control procedures allow simultaneous correction during learning at each stage, promote searching and implementation of new methods of learning. Application of the described forms and methods allows providing efficient control of learning.
Data Literacy as a meta-skill: options for Data Science curriculum implementation
Authors: Glukhov Pavel , Deryabin Andrey , Popov Aleksandr
Published: March 2021

Data science is affecting an increasingly wide area of everyday life but general education in Russia has not yet reacted to the new challenges associated with this aspect of digitalization. The changes in technologies, the economy, and society over the last two decades have formed a new agenda for teaching mathematics and information technologies, as well as media education and social sciences. Education in all these fields requires a reconsideration of the content and methods of teaching due to the increasing importance of data science and artificial intelligence in the context of fundamental changes in the economy and the labor market. As many areas of human life are changing, there is a need to formulate new types and kinds of educational results, at which modern pedagogy should be aimed. A modern way of meeting such challenges is to distinguish new literacies (media literacy, environmental literacy, functional literacy, etc.). The article deals with the concept of data literacy, examines its content and composition, and substantiates its relevance as an educational result consistent with digitalization trends that one can observe in modern society. A distinction is made between approaches to in-depth and general studies of data science. A description is given of various types of tasks aimed at developing data literacy among students in the context of their setting on different educational material. The authors consider possible ways of deploying programs aimed at mastering data science by students without the need to formalize it into a separate discipline or school subject.
Network research project as a model of group mentoring in work with gifted children
Authors: Sergeyeva Tat’yana , Yermakov Dmitriy , Mamiy Daud , Shabanova Mariya
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to a model of group mentoring in work with gifted children, which is considered to be a way of transferring knowledge, skills, and abilities from a more experienced and knowledgeable specialist to a young person, providing young people with support in socialization and growing up. The article presents many years of experience of using network research projects organized by the Association of Teachers Working with Gifted Children. The article identifies the conditions necessary for the organization of a network research project. The functions of teachers participating in projects as tutors are described. The formats of network project organization are indicated: game, business project, research, quest, etc. The authors consider examples of some network projects in the form of an organizational activity game and business project. The effectiveness of network research projects as a form of group mentoring has been identified based on expert assessments of skills development changes among gifted students. Skills, on the development of which the work in network projects focuses, are information skills (the ability to search for information, master modern information and communications technology, etc.), communicative skills (the ability to interact productively), team-building skills (the ability to work in groups with both permanent and changing members, etc.), and skills of presenting scientific ideas (the ability to visualize, describe, and present projects).
New challenges in changing times: the digital educational support for financial literacy education
Authors: Akimova Elena , Korshunova Natalya , Fedorov Alexander , Shatayeva Olga , Shipkova Olga
Published: March 2021

Globalization, internationalization and international regionalization are the leading trends and the key factors that determine radical shifts and systemic changes in the Russian Federation as well in the other countries to meet quite new perspectives, opportunities and resources for its further cultural, social and economic development in a way of innovations and knowledge society creation. The strategies of social and economic development of the Russian Federation are tightly connected with perspectives of global digitalization, and they have a great impact on the present-day education digital transformation. The article actualizes a problem of financial illiteracy educations and the ways of its improvement by means of digital educational support orientated to development financial competences among students. Quite new educational and pedagogical tools and technologies have recently been introduced in financial education (educational platforms, e-learning, online games, online courses, simulators, digital textbooks, etc.). Under their influence there is a rapid formation and development of new educational environment, virtual and digital. Financial literacy education is becoming more individualized under the influence of its digital transformation. The center of gravity in learning shifts from teaching (instruction) to student activity, therefore, teacher’s professional position in teaching and learning changes. Teaching becomes more virtualized and digitalized under the influence of the virtual and digital educational environment. The functions of digital educational support in financial literacy education are characterized.
The media space of the educational sphere as a logistic system: features of management and personality formation
Authors: Ermolatiy Denis , Pitelinskiy Kirill , Saltykova Marina
Published: March 2021

Development of digitization (including education) leads to difficulties in management and regulation of important multidimensional dynamic social economical systems, where problems of efficient management occur requiring for interdisciplinary approach and active application of information technologies and computers. It is required to develop new methods of risk management (in the fields of national security, personal security), since information nonmilitary action as the most important hazard of hybrid wars is precepted as motion along the road of progress, democracy, tolerance. The research objective implies search and implementation of optimum management of stepwise digitization of education by means of monitoring and reconfiguration of digital platforms as elements of global logistic system (with consideration for consciental risks). Targets include analysis of features of dynamics and management of digitization of educational platforms in relation with maturity of social institutions, COVID-19, ecology of information space, degree of informatization of society, role and composition of mental structures, etc.; detection of factors influencing dynamics of persons and social institutions involved in education. The interrelation between digitization of education and development of educational platforms has been described. The conclusions have been made about the advantages and disadvantages of management formed by analogy with management of dynamic processes running on classical logistic systems. Recommendations have been given on how to reduce the dependence of a human on behavioral stereotypes imposed by various algorithmic energy information structures. In the frames of community, this would provide productive existence in unique personal space, efficient communication with surrounding people together with preservation of mentality and self-consciousness, cultural and national identity.
Preschool and higher education in the context of digitalization: problem statement
Authors: Zakharova Larisa , Andrianova Yelena , Silakova Marina , Subbotina Yekaterina
Published: March 2021

Sociocultural transformation of society, its digitalization dictate certain requirements to the system of education. Adaptation of education processes both in kindergartens and universities is related with readiness of teachers for implementation of digital technologies into education process. The significance of their use in education is accompanied by numerous questions regarding elimination of negative influence of digital content on a forming developing person, on their rational and reasonable application at early stages of social and personal development of preschool children. The conceptual field of pedagogy is supplemented by new categories: digital education, digital education environment, digital competence. This article presents results of teachers’ surveying on the issue of readiness to designing information environment and attitude to the digital technologies implemented into education. On the one hand, the teachers highlighted advantages of the applied information technologies: individual education, possibility to master the program by preschool children and to consolidate knowledge and skills in the case of prolonged absence from studies, time saving, mobility and flexibility of education. On the other hand, the teachers mentioned the main drawbacks of the use of digital technologies: possible harm for health of children, inability of full development of speech, communication skills, development of gaming activity. The main problems preventing active use of modern technologies are comprised of low digital competence of university graduates and working teachers; age features of preschool children, which do not allow to study material without assistance by adults; the lack of opportunities of pupil’s parents to actively participate in educational activity of preschool entity.
Using interactive technologies to improve the quality of humanitarian education in a metropolis
Authors: Shakirova Olga , Stebliy Tatyana , Kozyavina Nina , Gorbunova Olga , Pavlovskaya Olga
Published: March 2021

Modern society presents high requirements to the quality of humanitarian education, and one of the methods of optimization is the use of interactive education technologies. Formation of the system of teacher’s domination in implementation of active learning methods (ALM) is based on the development of meaningful components of own subject experience, representing continuous and purposeful process, the active use of which is an expression of independence and educational activity. In the metropolis environment, the degree of development of each component of the subject experience and their ratio between each other determine the teacher’s ability to construction and subsequent implementation of own educational route. The research objective was to develop a model of ALM selection for humanitarian education in metropolis and estimate it experimentally with consideration for existing level of development of subject experience of teachers of higher education. The research was based on theoretical (analysis of psychological and pedagogical scientific publications, regulatory documents, state educational standards, simulation, analysis and generalization of pedagogical experience) and practical (monitoring, expert appraisal, pedagogic experiment) methods. For the first time, the objective and subjective factors have been revealed and systemized, which can influence the development and subsequent implementation of subject experience of teachers in humanitarian education under conditions of metropolis. With consideration for highlighted scientifically substantiated meaningful components of subject experience, the model has been developed to support ALM by teachers depending on the level of formation of subject position of a teacher. During the performed pedagogical experiment the efficiency of different variants of the recommended model of pedagogical support during ALM selection has been determined.
Web 2.0 services and organization of interactive distance learning of a foreign language
Authors: Shugaeva Ekaterina , Bogatyreva Svetlana , Shumakova Serafima , Sinitsyna Irina
Published: March 2021

The issue of distance learning is very important at present. Herewith, learning of a foreign language is practically oriented, which causes difficulties upon conversion to distance learning. The main tool of implementation of distance learning is the use of information and communication technologies (ICT). The use of these technologies for educational targets is not a novelty, though, under conditions of distance learning, the ICT is nearly the only tool to organize learning. This article is devoted to the analysis of potentials of WEB 2.0 services for learning of a foreign language. The study is aimed at revealing possibilities to apply WEB 2.0 services for efficient implementation of interactive forms of learning of a foreign language in distance mode. The formulated target was achieved using the following methods: continuous sampling method for collection of actual material; comparative method to compare functionality of WEB 2.0 services and demands for implementation of interactive forms of learning. Generalization and systematization were selected to reveal the types of WEB 2.0 services. During the studies the types of WEB 2.0 services have been revealed characterized by the highest potential to implement interactive forms of learning. Among these types, the highest potential is demonstrated by the services for meetings and universal services; field-specific services allow to create jointly various types of content for further use during online meetings and for interaction on universal services. The novelty of the obtained results has ben stipulated by specificity of analysis criterion: the educational potential of WEB 2.0 services was studied not in whole but exactly for implementation of interactive forms of learning of a foreign language in distance mode.
Age-related Decline in Renal Function is Attenuated in Master Athletes
Authors: Rosa Thiago dos Santos , Corrêa Hugo Luca , Barbosa Lucas Pinheiro , Santos Patrick Anderson dos , Leite Patrício Lopes de Araújo , Aguiar Samuel Silva , Deus Lysleine Alves , Maciel Larissa Alves , Neves Rodrigo Vanerson Passos , Simoes Herbert Gustavo
Published: March 2021

This study analyzed the kidney function and biomarkers of health in lifelong-trained sprinters and endurance runners, and compared them to untrained aged-matched and young controls. Sixty-two men (21–66 yr.) were recruited and allocated as master athletes from sprints (n=25), master athletes from endurance events (n=8), untrained middle-aged (n=14) and young controls (n=15). Participants underwent anamnesis, anthropometric measures and blood sampling for biochemical analyses of klotho, FGF23 and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Master sprinters presented better kidney function in relation to endurance athletes and their untrained peers (P<0.0001). A number of biochemical variables were observed that negatively (i. e., GDF-15, TGF-Beta, IL-18) or positively (i. e., klotho/FGF23 ratio and sestrin-2) correlated with eGFR. Sestrin-2 presented the strongest association with eGFR (r=0.5, P=0.03). Results also revealed that lifelong-trained individuals presented the highest probability of having better values for cystatin C and thus an estimated glomerular filtration rate that was 37–49% higher than untrained peers. Master sprinters presented better kidney function in relation to endurance athletes and middle-aged untrained peers. Sestrin-2 may play a role in exercise-induced kidney function protection.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Fibrocystic Breast Disease: An Updated Review
Authors: Kunicki Michał , Smolarczyk Roman
Published: March 2021

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common hormonal disorder in women of reproductive age. There is no clear association between PCOS and benign breast disease (BBD). The latter is a frequent benign disorder, affecting women between 20 and 50 years of age. To date, the classification remains controversial, and the risk of developing breast cancer that is associated with these changes is different depending on the histopathological findings. The most frequent changes are breast cysts, which are noted in up to 50% of patients older than 30 years of age. This up-to-date review presents the relationship between PCOS and BBD. In conclusion, there is no clear association between benign breast disease and PCOS. Further studies on a large population with prospectively collected data using updated PCOS criteria are necessary.
Allergische Reaktionen auf COVID-19-Impfungen – Was HNO-Ärzte wissen sollten – Teil 1: Immunologische Grundlagen von Allergien auf Impfstoffe, Immunmechanismen von allergischen und pseudoallergischen Reaktionen; Teil 2: Charakteristika der mRNA-Impfstoffe BNT162b2- und mRNA-1273 zur Prophylaxe von COVID-19 und assoziierte Immunphänomene; Teil 3: Praktische Aspekte der Prophylaxe, Diagnostik und Therapie von Allergien auf COVID-19-Impfstoffe
Authors: Klimek L. , Chaker A. M. , Cuevas M.
Published: March 2021

Obwohl allergische Reaktionen auf mRNA-COVID-19-Impfstoffe selten sind, ist durch die hohe Zahl der durchzuführenden Impfungen mit Anaphylaxien bei Personen zu rechnen, die zuvor auf Impfstoffkomponenten sensibilisiert wurden. Dargelegt werden hier praktische Aspekte zu diagnostischen Möglichkeiten, zur Prävention, zum Erkennen und zur Therapie einer anaphylaktischen Reaktion. Risikopopulationen, die nicht geimpft werden sollten oder die eine allergologische Abklärung vor Impfung benötigen, werden besprochen. Patienten mit Allergien des atopischen Formenkreises sowie Insektengiftallergiker zeigen aus allergologischer Sicht kein erhöhtes Risiko für eine Anaphylaxie durch eine COVID-Impfung.
Synthesis of Benzo-Fused Cyclic Compounds via Rhodium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Coupling of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids with Alkynes
Authors: Satoh Tetsuya , Inai Yasuhito , Usuki Yoshinosuke
Published: March 2021

The decarboxylative coupling of diversely substituted benzoic acids with internal alkynes proceeds smoothly in the presence of a [RhCl(cod)]2/1,2,3,4-tetraphenyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene catalyst system to selectively produce highly substituted naphthalene derivatives. The catalyst system is applicable to constructing anthracene and benzo­[c]thiophene frameworks through reactions of naphthoic and thiophene-2-carboxylic acids, respectively.
Transmastoid Trautman's Triangle Combined Low Retrosigmoid Approach for Foramen Magnum Meningiomas: Surgical Anatomy and Technical Note
Authors: Di Guangfu , Zhou Wei , Fang Xinyun , Li Qiang , Sun Lean , Jiang Xiaochun
Published: March 2021

Objective This study was aimed to assess the potential of utilizing a transmastoid Trautman's triangle combined low retrosigmoid approach for ventral and ventrolateral foramen magnum meningiomas (FMMs) surgical treatment.

Methods We simulated this transmastoid Trautman's triangle combined low retrosigmoid approach using five adult cadaveric heads to explore the associated anatomy in a step-by-step fashion, taking pictures of key positions as appropriate. We then employed this approach in a single overweight patient with a short neck who was suffering from large ventral FMMs and cerebellar tonsillar herniation.

Results Through cadaver studies, we were able to confirm that this transmastoid Trautman's triangle combined with low retrosigmoid approach achieves satisfactory cranial nerve and vasculature visualization while also offering a wide view of the whole of the ventrolateral medulla oblongata. We, additionally, have successfully employed this approach to treat a single patient suffering from large ventral FMMs with cerebellar tonsillar herniation.

Conclusion This transmastoid Trautman's triangle combined low retrosigmoid approach may represent a complement to treatment strategies for ventral and ventrolateral FMMs, particularly in patients with the potential for limited surgical positioning due to their being overweight, having a short neck and suffering from cerebellar tonsillar herniation.
High Rate of Studies with Level 1 and 2 Evidence among the 100 Most Cited Articles in Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Martínez-Andrés Juan , Ayala-Gascón María , Mariscal Gonzalo , Alfonso-Beltrán Joaquín , Barrios Carlos
Published: March 2021

Background To date, no study has used bibliometric analysis to review the most influential articles in lumbar spinal stenosis. The objective of this study was to identify and analyze the characteristics and the level of evidence of the 100 most cited articles on lumbar spinal stenosis

Methods The Thomson Reuters Web of Science was accessed to find the 100 most cited articles on lumbar spinal stenosis. For each article, we recorded the number and density of citations, authors, country, journals and years, department, level of evidence, type of study, and if it was part of any multicenter studies.

Results Until January 2017, the 100 most cited articles accumulated 11,136 citations (average: 259.05/y), ranging individually between 442 and 50 (average: 111.36). The first reference was published in 1974 in Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. Therapeutic studies (n = 40), the 1990s (n = 46), United States as country of origin (n = 51), Harvard University as institution (n = 16), Katz JN as author (n = 10), and Spine as journal (n = 48) have the hegemony. Many were multicenter (n = 42) and using level 2 evidence (n = 49). There is an inverse relationship between citation index and long-standing studies, maintenance of those most cited, and a temporary advance toward better levels of evidence.

Conclusion This bibliometric analysis reveals a good level of evidence in the published clinical series and includes 100 articles useful for the approach of lumbar spinal stenosis.
Impact of Type of Treatment Center and Access to Care on Mortality and Survival for Skull Base Chordoma and Chondrosarcoma
Authors: Holtzman Adam L. , Bates James E. , Morris Christopher G. , Rutenberg Michael S. , Indelicato Daniel J. , Tavanaiepour Daryoush , Mendenhall William M.
Published: March 2021

Introduction In adults with skull base chordoma or chondrosarcoma, the impact of treatment center and access to care have not been well described in regard to perioperative mortality and survival.

Methods A query of the National Cancer Database (NCDB) and review of 1,102 adults—488 with chordomas and 614 with chondrosarcomas—was performed. The Kaplan–Meier's product limit method and chi-square analysis, respectively, assessed overall survival and 30-day (30D) and 90-day (90D) mortalities.

Results For 925 patients who had surgery and available mortality data, the 30D and 90D mortality rates were 0.9 and 1.5%. Lower education level (p = 0.0185) and treatment at a nonacademic facility (p = 0.016) were associated with increased risk of 90-day mortality. Median follow-up was 52 months and analysis was dichotomized by histology. For those with skull base chordoma, patients from a larger metro size (p = 0.002), age below the median 52 years (p ≤ 0.001), and private insurance (<0.001) were associated with prolonged survival, whereas for skull base chondrosarcoma, the factors were treatment at an academic medical center (p = 0.001), high-volume center (p = 0.007), age below the median 52 years (p ≤ 0.001), higher income (p = 0.043), higher education (p = 0.017), and private insurance (p ≤ 0.001). Comparing high-, medium-, and low-volume centers, high-volume centers were most likely to be academic, deliver radiotherapy, escalate doses >70 Gy, and utilize proton radiotherapy consistent across both disease subsets.

Conclusion Higher educational attainment and treatment at an academic facility were associated with decreased 90D mortality for patients with skull base chordoma and chondrosarcoma. For those with skull base chordoma, larger metro size, younger age, and private insurance were associated with prolonged survival; for those with chondrosarcoma, it was treatment at a high-volume or academic medical center, younger age, higher income or education, and private insurance.
What Are Models of Care? A Systematic Search and Narrative Review to Guide Development of Care Models for Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
Authors: Jones Alicia R. , Tay Chau T. , Melder Angela , Vincent Amanda J. , Teede Helena
Published: March 2021

No specific model of care (MoC) is recommended for premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), despite awareness that POI is associated with comorbidities requiring multidisciplinary care. This article aims to explore the definitions and central components of MoC in health settings, so that care models for POI can be developed. A systematic search was performed on Ovid Medline and Embase, and including gray literature. Unique definitions of MoC were identified, and thematic analysis was used to summarize the key component of MoC. Of 2,477 articles identified, 8 provided unique definitions of MoC, and 11 described components of MoC. Definitions differ in scope, focusing on disease, service, or system level, but a key feature is that MoC is operational, describing how care is delivered, as well as what that care is. Thematic analysis identified 42 components of MoC, summarized into 6 themes—stakeholder engagement, supporting integrated care, evidence-based care, defined outcomes and evaluation, behavior change methodology, and adaptability. Stakeholder engagement was central to all other themes. MoCs operationalize how best practice care can be delivered at a disease, service, or systems level. Specific MoC should be developed for POI, to improve clinical and process outcomes, translate evidence into practice, and use resources more efficiently.
Influence of nitrogen and oxygen admixture on the development of helium atmospheric-pressure plasma jet
Authors: Kong Delin , Zhu Ping , He Feng , Han Ruoyu , Yang Bingyan , Wang Manyu , Ouyang Jiting
Published: March 2021

This paper presents the experimental and numerical results about the influence of nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2) admixture on the development of a helium (He) atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ) in a long dielectric tube. The results revealed that the jet length and the propagation velocity are strongly affected by introducing N2 or O2 into the He flow. Specifically, it was observed that a higher N2/O2 admixture led to the decrease in the density of both energetic and relative low-energy electrons outside the grounded electrode, which corresponds to the shortening of the jet length. In the He/O2 mixture, the electrons are easily captured by O2/O in the region of the plasma bulk. In the He/N2 mixture, the jet propagation characteristics will change since N2 has many low-level excitation states that consumed a large number of energetic electrons. The simulation shows that the magnitude of the axial electric field in the jet head depends strongly on the amount of N2 and/or O2 in the gas flow. In both cases, the peak electric field is on the order of 5 kV/cm, which is significantly higher than that in pure helium of 3 kV/cm even if the admixture is low (less than 4% N2 or 2% O2 in this work). Positive charges of higher density in the jet head are needed to induce a stronger electric field for the jet propagating in N2(x%)/He and O2(x%)/He mixtures compared with that in pure He.
Cold exergy recovery in LNG powered ships with a new integral intermediate fluid vaporizer
Authors: Yao Shou-guang , Wang Meng-di , Zhao Rui
Published: March 2021

In this paper, a 25 000 tons liquefied natural gas (LNG) powered chemical tanker is taken as the research object, and combined with a new integrated intermediate fluid vaporizer (IFV) with cold energy utilization function, four different schemes for LNG cold energy utilization are proposed. Through the performance simulation and optimization analysis of different design schemes, the results show that the full power generation system scheme with two heat regenerators is the best, and the optimized exergy efficiency can reach 53.13%. Because of its compact structure, the LNG cold energy utilization system constructed by the new integrated IFV overcomes the huge and complex problem of the original separate equipment system. Furthermore, through the technical and economic analysis of the optimized design system scheme, the equipment investment cost in the early stage of the system is CNY 1 864 200, the annual system operating income is CNY 712 500, and the annual net income of the system is CNY 451 600.
Formation of highly vertical trenches with rounded corners via inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching for vertical GaN power devices
Authors: Yamada Shinji , Sakurai Hideki , Osada Yamato , Furuta Kanji , Nakamura Toshiyuki , Kamimura Ryuichiro , Narita Tetsuo , Suda Jun , Kachi Tetsu
Published: March 2021

A trench-gate metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (T-MOSFET) has great potential for use in gallium nitride (GaN)-based vertical power switching devices owing to its high blocking voltage and high current capability. To form an optimal trench shape that has highly vertical sidewalls and rounded corners, we developed a dry-etching technique using inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE). A highly vertical trench was obtained by including SiCl4 reactive gas mixed with Cl2 gas in the ICP-RIE process, where Si-related byproducts suppressed the etching of the sidewall and allowed selective etching in the vertical direction. We found that the optimization of the bias power was a key to suppress the formation of subtrenches and to avoid an isotropic etching mode. The optimal etching condition leads to natural formation of rounded corners at the trench bottom. In addition, a multistep-bias etching technique was applied to reduce etching-induced damage. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy images revealed that lattice distortion on the sidewall surface was eliminated by multistep-bias etching. Based on the rectification properties of the Schottky barrier diodes formed on the trench sidewalls, the Schottky barrier height was comparable to the not-etched surfaces. This indicates that the gap states caused by etching-induced damage can almost be eliminated in the multistep-bias process. The proposed technique is suitable for GaN-based vertical T-MOSFETs.
Magnetization dynamics of a flux control device fabricated in the write gap of a hard-disk-drive write head for high-density recording
Authors: Suto Hirofumi , Takagishi Masayuki , Narita Naoyuki , Iwasaki Hitoshi , Nagasawa Tazumi , Koizumi Gaku , Takeo Akihiko , Maeda Tomoyuki
Published: March 2021

The design concept of microwave-assisted magnetic recording (MAMR) using the flux control (FC) effect has been proposed as a technology for hard disk drives (HDDs). In this type of MAMR, the magnetization of an in-gap device (FC device) is reversed against the gap field by spin-transfer torque, enhancing the amplitude and gradient of the recording field. In this paper, we study the magnetization dynamics of an FC device fabricated in the write gap of an HDD write head. The operation of the FC device is analyzed by measuring the temporal resistance change in the sub-nanosecond region. Reversal of the FC device becomes faster as the bias current is increased and can be completed by 0.5 ns after the transition of the write current. The experimental results are reproduced by micromagnetic simulations using a head model, confirming that the simulations correctly describe the magnetization dynamics of the actual device. The simulations show that the recording field gain by the FC device appears with little delay after the rise of the recording field and that the FC device operates effectively even at a fast write rate of approximately 3 Gbit/s. Furthermore, we demonstrate the effectiveness of boosting the bias current, which can realize both fast and reliable operation of the FC device. These results indicate that the FC device operates as designed and that MAMR using the FC effect is promising for extending the recording density of HDDs.
Description of longitudinal modes in moderately coupled Yukawa systems with the static local field correction
Authors: Tolias P. , Lucco Castello F.
Published: March 2021

In moderately coupled Yukawa fluids, longitudinal mode dispersion is determined by the competition between kinetic and potential effects. In a recent paper [S. Khrapak and L. Couëdel, Phys. Rev. E 102, 033207 (2020)], a semi-phenomenological dispersion relation was constructed by the ad hoc addition of the Bohm–Gross kinetic term to the generalized instantaneous excess bulk modulus, which showed very good agreement with simulations. In this paper, a nearly identical dispersion relation is derived in a rigorous manner based on a dielectric formulation with static local field corrections. At moderate coupling, this formalism is revealed to be more accurate than other successful theoretical approaches.