bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial Framing, Existing Associations and Climate Change Beliefs
Authors: BrÜGger Adrian , Pidgeon Nicholas F.
Published: September 2018

Tailoring climate change messages to a particular spatial scale (e.g. a specific country or region) is often seen as an effective way to frame communication about climate change. Yet the empirical evidence for the effectiveness of this strategy is scarce, and little is known about how recipients react to spatially-framed climate change messages. To learn more about the effects and usefulness of different spatial frames as a communication and engagement tool, we conducted a study in which we presented members of the general public with either a national or a global framing of climate change. In contrast to previous spatial-framing studies, the present research used semi-structured interviews – rather than survey questions – to obtain rich, in-depth information about participants’ views of climate change. Irrespective of the framing, participants revealed associations that were located at various spatial scales. Moreover, when participants talked about climate change, they repeatedly switched between different spatial scales, revealing patterns that were consistent with seeking to preserve existing beliefs and preferences. These findings improve our understanding of how the public represents climate change, and provide a novel explanation as to why simple spatial framing often fails to achieve the anticipated effects.
Immunological effects of Kefir produced from Kefir grains versus starter cultures when fed to mice
Authors: Davras Funda , Guzel-Seydim Zeynep Banu , Tas Tugba Kok
Published: September 2018

Background: Natural kefir grains have a unique microbiota. The structure contains lactic acid bacteria (LAB), acetic acid bacteria and yeast in specific ratios in a polysaccharide matrix. Authentic kefir is produced by a traditional method using kefir grains cultured in milk. In contrast, starter cultures are used instead of kefir grains in the industry. The commercial kefir starter cultures used are limited and often very different from the kefir grain microbiota.  The resultant commercial “kefir” is just a fermented drink containing some probiotic microorganisms and does not possess the same microbial population or chemical and physical characteristics of authentic kefir.  The aim of this project was to determine and compare the effects on the mouse immune system of kefir produced using natural kefir grain versus commercial kefir produced by starter culture.Methods:  Kefir produced with different cultures was fed to Balb/c mice (6-8 weeks, 20-25 grams, male) by gavage for two weeks at 300 μl/day. Intestinal tissues were collected from sacrificed mice at the end of the trial.  The control group of mice (CNI group) were fed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS).  The experimental treatments were mice fed mice fed authentic kefir produced using kefir grains (KGI group) and mice fed kefir produced using starter culture (STI group). Immunoglobulin (Ig) A, Immunoglubulin G, Interleukin (IL)-4, Interleukin-10, Interleukin-12, Toll Like Receptor (TLR)-4 were analyzed immunologically in intestinal fluid samples. Results: Results indicated that IgA values were 60.87, 72.78 and 55.31 ng/mL; IgG values were 26.59, 38.90 and 29.44 ng/mL; IL-4 values were 84, 40.28 and 53.28 pg/mL; IL-10 values were 110.98, 175.91 and 134.77 pg/mL; IL-12 values were 53.90, 22.93 and 24.75 pg/mL; TLR-4 values were 0.53, 0.43 and 1.37 ng/mL, for the CNI, KGI and STI groups, respectively.Conclusion: The high probiotic content of grain kefir had the ability to modulate many immunological mechanisms.Keywords: immune system, in vivo, kefir grain, probiotic, starter kefir culture
Study of the Properties of Renovation Plasters as a Function of Air Content and Porosity Using an Orthogonal Design of Experiment
Authors: Brachaczek Waclaw
Published: September 2018

The main message of the article is an analysis of the impact of: the aerating agent, cement, polymer additives, cellulose ethers, and perlite on renovation plaster porosity. To determine the impact, an orthogonal design of experiment proposed by Taguchi was used. The results show that the air content in the mixture does not necessarily indicate high porosity of the hardened mortar and vice versa. This is because not all of the factors analyzed in this experiment have significant impacts on the output. In terms of air content in fresh mortar, cement and aerating agent are significant factors. In terms of porosity in fresh mortar, cement, aerating agent, perlite and cellulose ethers are significant factors. Additionally, the studies are presented to explain the impacts of these ingredients.
The candidate perspective of the clinical competency test (CCT) of the MICGP examination: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Foley Tony , McLoughlin Kathleen , Walsh Elaine K , Leggett Paul , O'Reilly Muríosa , Owens Molly , Jennings Aisling A
Published: September 2018

Background

The clinical competency test (CCT) was introduced by the Irish College of General Practitioners (ICGP) in 2015. Similar to the clinical skills assessment (CSA) of the Membership of the Royal College of General Practitioners exam (MRCGP), the CCT is a modified objective structured clinical examination (OSCE).

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the MICGP CCT from the candidates' perspective, to gain an insight into their views of its fairness, relevance, and acceptability.

Design & setting

This mixed-methods study was conducted with GP registrars in Ireland.

Method

The study was conducted in two phases. Firstly, focus groups were conducted with participants who had previously undertaken the CCT to explore their experience of the CCT. Secondly, findings from the focus groups informed the development of an online questionnaire, which was sent to all GP registrars who completed the CCT in the 2017 summer sitting.

Results

Two focus groups were held with a total of nine participants. Following this, the online questionnaire was emailed to 134 registrars. Of these, 83 registrars completed the questionnaire in full. Registrars reported that the CCT is a fair exam and is relevant to daily general practice. They considered the exam to be a comprehensive assessment that has a positive educational impact. However, they were challenged by time restrictions, and found it financially and emotionally stressful.

Conclusion

This is the first study to evaluate the candidate’s perspective of an exiting GP membership exam in the UK or Ireland. The CCT is well-regarded by registrars. The study results will help to inform the future development of the CCT exam.
The Heavenly Master, Canonization, and the Daoist Construction of Local Religion in Late Imperial Jiangnan
Authors: Goossaert Vincent
Published: September 2018

Le Maître céleste (Zhang tianshi) confère depuis l'époque des Yuan des titres et rangs aux divinités locales dans diverses parties du monde chinois, en particulier au Jiangnan. Ces titres et rangs jouent un rôle important dans la légitimation des cultes, notamment territoriaux, et permettent aux dieux d'avoir une place bien définie à l'intérieur d'un système local de régulation interne des cultes et des communautés. L'article, partant de l'exemple de la canonisation des célèbres divinités Wutong, retrace l'histoire de cette procédure de canonisation depuis le XIVe jusqu'au XIXe siècle. Il montre que son fondement liturgique est la transmission de registres (lu) aux dieux, de la même façon que lors d'une ordination pour un vivant : l'obtention de registres donne droit à un rang (zhi) dans la bureaucratie céleste. Au Jiangnan, en sus de ces registres et rangs, les communautés locales demandent au Maître céleste, pour leurs dieux, des titres « féodaux » (comte, marquis, prince) identiques à ceux donnés par l'État impérial. En accédant à ces demandes, le Maître céleste en vient ainsi, au Jiangnan, à s'intégrer très largement à la gouvernance impériale de la société locale. Le taoïsme devient dans ces conditions le cadre bureaucratique de la société du Jiangnan.
The Mexican Blindcat Project: new discoveries and future efforts
Authors: Gluesenkamp Andrew , Hendrickson Dean A. , Sprouse Peter
Published: September 2018

The endangered Mexican blindcat (Prietella phreatophila, Carranza 1954) is one of only four described stygobitic ictalurid catfish in North America. Members of two monotypic genera (Satan eurystomus and Trogloglanis pattersoni) are known from the Edwards Aquifer in Texas and, until recently, Prietella (represented by P. lundbergi and P. phreatophila) was only known to occur in Mexico (northern Coahuila to southern Tamaulipas). The recent discovery of P. phreatophila in a cave on the Amistad National Recreation Area in Val Verde County, Texas is the result of decades of sporadic effort on both sides of the US/Mexican border and has stimulated a renewed effort to investigate the distribution, ecology, evolutionary history, and conservation status of this species. Collaborative efforts among The San Antonio Zoo, The University of Texas at Austin, Zara Environmental, and The National Park Service are currently focused on habitat surveys in Texas as well as captive husbandry and propagation. Ongoing efforts with collaborators from the Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas, Área de Protección de Recursos Naturales Sabinas and the Laboratorio de Genética para la Conservación, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz include expanded fieldwork in Mexico, hydrogeologic studies, and surveys using environmental DNA.
Radiation and ancestral range reconstruction of the cave beetle genus Anthroherpon (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Leptodirini)
Authors: Njunjić Iva , Hendriks Kasper , Schilthuizen Menno , Merckx Vincent , Perreau Michel , Deharveng Louis
Published: September 2018

The genus Anthroherpon Reitter, 1889 is the most species-rich genus of the exclusively subterranean subtribe Anthroherponina. It comprises 26 species and 55 subspecies distributed in the Dinaric mountains which are known to be a world biodiversity hotspot for subterranean fauna. Most species are short-range endemics and more than half of the species are known only from a single cave, but the genus as a whole has a wide range. This study provides a comprehensive evolutionary analysis of the Anthroherpon radiation, using a dated molecular tree as a framework for understanding the diversification of the genus and reconstructing its ancestral range. We reconstructed the phylogeny of Anthroherpon using Bayesian analysis of six loci, both mitochondrial and nuclear, and we inferred the ancestral range of the genus using BioGeoBEARS. Our main findings show that Anthroherpon is monophyletic and started to diverge approximately in the Early Miocene (ca. 22 MYA). The genus has diversified entirely underground. Our results show that troglobitic lineages like Anthroherpon can disperse and diversify underground over a large geographic area during long periods of time. Biogeographic reconstruction of the ancestral range shows the origin of the genus in the area comprising three high mountains in western Montenegro: Dobreljica, Moračke planine, and Orjen. From this area the presumed ancestor dispersed to the other parts of its present range.
Beauty underground: cavefishes in China
Authors: Zhao Yahui , Fenolio Danté B. , Soares Daphne , Gluesenkamp Andrew , Niemiller Matthew L. , Bichuette Maria Elina , Chakrabarty Prosanta
Published: September 2018

Cavefishes are a distinctive group of animals restricted to subterranean environments for at least for part of their lives. Their level of troglomorphism differentiates them into groups: stygobionts (troglomorphic) and stygophiles/stygoxenes (non-troglomorphic). China is home to the greatest diversity of cavefishes in the world, with more than 76 endemic stygobiotic species and an additional 70+ non-stygobiotic taxa. All but one species (Onychostoma macrolepis in northern China), are found in the southwest, primarily in the karst of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. Sinocyclocheilus, the largest cavefish genus with 35 stygobiotic species, has undergone rapid evolution and diversification. Many species in this genus possess horns and humpbacks (i.e., horn-like structures and hyperdevelopment of a dorsal protuberance similar to a humpback), probably resulting from parallel evolution. Syntopy (inhabitation of the same cave system by multiple cavefishes) is common in China, and sometimes several stygobiotic species are found in the same cave pool or subterranean river. Caves and karst habitats are fragile environments, and cavefishes are extremely sensitive to environmental change. Threats from rapid economic growth in recent decades have increased the need for conservation efforts for cave-dwelling communities, and the conservation of Chinese cavefishes is an urgent issue, in particular. To this end, the Chinese Cavefish Working Group (CCWG) was created form a collaborative effort by researchers from China and the United States. The primary goal of the CCWG is to document the distribution and diversity of Chinese cavefishes, to gather information on their status and threats to wild populations and describe unknown aspects of their organismal biology. These data can be used to make sound conservation and management decisions. Research efforts are not limited to surveys and collection but also taxonomy, systematics, morphology, ecology, behavior, sensory neuroethology, evolution, population biology, and conservation science.
Preliminary conservation status assessment of cave-dwelling planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) of Italian Alps and Apennines.
Authors: Manenti Raoul , Barzaghi Benedetta , Lana Enrico , Stocchino Giacinta , Manconi Renata , Lunghi Enrico
Published: September 2018

Despite being a fundamental source of biodiversity, several highly diverse taxa of aquatic invertebrates, including Platyhelminthes, remain still poorly known and poorly considered in protection programs. This is the case especially of several invertebrate species that inhabit groundwater. In this environment, invertebrates play significant roles that are strictly connected to the usefulness of these systems for human survival. The groundwater biodiversity of continental Italy is largely unknown and its importance neglected in national and regional legislation. One of the most poorly studied group of the Italian groundwater fauna are planarians. Most of the known species are endemic of small single karst areas or a single cave, with their distribution being never investigated after the original description. The aims of this study are to provide an update conservation status assessment of cave-dwelling planarians known from Italian Alps and Apennines. In particular, we want to analyze the major threats for their survival and the factors determining the possibility to contact and observe these important invertebrates for the subterranean systems. From October 2016 to September 2017, we explored the known localities of nine taxa and a relevant number of surrounding caves. Our results suggest that most of the cave-dwelling planarians species of continental Italy are threatened by water pollution and habitat destruction; moreover, our research underlines that there is a large conservation issue dealing with stenoendemic planarians that may involve other cave-dwelling invertebrates with narrow ranges. Generally, the underground habitat of most species appears to be deeply compromised and changed since species description.
La protection de l’enfance en France : une prise en compte spécifique du très jeune enfant ?
Authors: Séraphin Gilles
Published: September 2018

Depuis le début du xxi e  siècle, en France, aucune politique publique véritablement spécifique aux très jeunes enfants n’a été élaborée. Pour autant, ces derniers ne sont jamais absents desdites politiques. Pour le législateur comme pour les décideurs, il s’agit d’adapter les différentes politiques publiques universelles, notamment celles de protection de l’enfant, à ce public spécifique, en édictant des dispositions ciblées. La nouvelle loi du 14 mars 2016 relative à la protection de l’enfant et ses décrets d’application stipulent ainsi dans plusieurs articles qu’il est nécessaire de tenir compte de l’âge de l’enfant ; parfois, sur des points extrêmement précis, ces textes détaillent en outre des mesures spécifiques propres aux très jeunes enfants.
Le soin berceuses : dynamique d’un dispositif de soin psychocorporel mère-bébé
Authors: Saupic Trine
Published: September 2018

Le soin berceuses fait partie des soins psychiques à médiation corporelle proposés à l’unité parents-bébé du centre hospitalier de Montfavet. Il s’agit d’un soin de groupe qui a pour objectif de favoriser l’établissement des premiers liens mère-bébé.
Le bébé en pouponnière : comment accueillir sa vulnérabilité ?
Authors: Mugnier Sylvie
Published: September 2018

Nous savons aujourd’hui que le bébé en pouponnière a besoin qu’un certain nombre de conditions soient réunies pour qu’il puisse continuer à grandir. Sa vulnérabilité requiert que plusieurs actions soient menées pour veiller à la qualité : de son accueil au quotidien, de l’accompagnement de sa famille, de la recherche de cohérence dans le travail de l’équipe et du soutien des professionnels autour du bébé et de ses parents. L’expérience d’une équipe de pouponnière qui a été associée à la construction d’un nouveau bâtiment illustre en partie comment l’architecture peut participer favorablement à l’établissement des conditions de base de cet accueil.
« Je m’appelle Antoine ». Accompagner un nouveau-né confronté à la décompensation puerpérale de sa mère
Authors: Franchitto Ludivine
Published: September 2018

Un des enjeux d’une équipe de psychiatrie périnatale en maternité : accompagner de manière personnalisée les futurs parents avec des troubles psychiatriques et les bébés confrontés aux décompensations psychiatriques de leur mère en post-partum. Comment se positionner et se coordonner pour être à la fois dans la protection du bébé et dans l’alliance avec ces futurs parents ? Notre parti pris a été de nous placer du point de vue du bébé, qui va raconter sa propre histoire. Position sans doute critiquable, mais nous avons voulu tenter ainsi de faire ressentir l’intensité de ce que vivent ces bébés et ce qu’ils nous font partager au niveau émotionnel.
Passons à une politique de « l’ambition » pour tous les bébés
Authors: Marty Pichon Julie
Published: September 2018

Les bébés sont par essence des êtres humains fragiles et vulnérables. Pour autant, ils ne sont pas considérés dans notre société comme des personnes dignes de parole, de vérité et d’expression. Face à un tel constat, imaginons ce que serait une véritable politique de « l’ambition » pour tous les jeunes enfants.
Rencontre entre le travail social et la littérature autour de l’écriture du portrait
Authors: Granereau Sarah
Published: September 2018

À partir d’une commande d’un article, un projet de collaboration entre l’université Jean-Jaurès et l’Institut Saint-Simon a été imaginé et mis en place. Ce projet avait pour but de tisser un lien entre travail social et écriture. Des étudiants du master création littéraire ont animé trois séances d’atelier d’écriture pour des étudiants éducateurs spécialisés. Le thème était celui du portrait. Le portrait, objet éminemment littéraire et omniprésent également dans le travail social. Ces ateliers, lieux de rencontre et de convergence, ont permis aux étudiants de réfléchir à la subjectivité de l’auteur et du lecteur.
Animation d’atelier d’écriture
Authors: Loubet Jacques
Published: September 2018

Animer un atelier d’écriture, c’est choisir une position clinique liée au politique : réintroduire dans la cité ceux que l’on avait chassés. C’est la création d’un espace qui participe à faire surgir du thérapeutique. Un espace de dire, un espace de paix, pour des personnes en grande souffrance physique et psychique qui, pour la société, ne sont personne, rejetées par la société marchande et capitaliste. Ce sont celles-là mêmes, dans une vérité qui s’est mise à parler puis à écrire, qui ont mis en mots parfois cet impossible figé au cœur du langage, qui énoncent le manque qui nous fait être homme ou femme.
Le discernement moral dans la tradition protestante
Authors: Singer Christophe
Published: September 2018

Un survol de la production théologique protestante francophone montre que le discernement moral est largement impensé dans le protestantisme. Cela résulte du fondement même du geste théologique de Luther, qui consiste à dissocier la loi de l’Évangile, la morale de la théologie (1). Cette dissociation est néanmoins couplée à une articulation que le réformateur formule entre autres dans le Traité de la liberté du chrétien (1520). Une dialectique exigeante, qui tend à orienter le chrétien vers le but de la piété et du service que constitue la foi évangélique, le discernement moral cherchant essentiellement à identifier la limite subjective dans l’agir entre la liberté chrétienne et la servitude sous la loi (2). Cette exigence est-elle praticable en Église ? Quelques remarques à partir du débat synodal sur la bénédiction (2015) en montre les limites (3). La réflexion se conclut en problématisant le rôle de la loi aussi bien chez Calvin que chez Luther (4).
Quelle articulation entre éthique et spiritualité au cœur de la clinique ?
Authors: Jacquemin Dominique
Published: September 2018

L’invocation « du spirituel » est à la une dans la littérature contemporaine, celle touchant au « bien-être », le roman et, plus sérieusement, les publications médicales. Or, face à cet engouement, comment comprendre la difficulté d’honorer cette dimension dans certains processus de décision ? S’appuyant sur la clinique confrontée aux législations de fin de vie et constatant le risque d’une réduction de l’éthique à la mise en œuvre de protocoles ou à la seule normativité juridique, les auteurs plaident pour que la spiritualité reste une condition de la rationalité, la spiritualité étant envisagée ici comme attention au mouvement d’existence de l’humain.
Acteurs non étatiques et relations internationales au xix e siècle : le cas du Comité d’Ostende (1866-1870)
Authors: Chevalier Christophe
Published: September 2018

En août 1866, les dirigeants des partis progressistes et démocrates espagnols en exil se réunissent à Ostende et y forment un comité, qui a pour mission de renverser l’ordre des choses existant en Espagne et de constituer un gouvernement provisoire. Alors que se trame sur le sol belge une véritable conspiration contre le gouvernement espagnol, les autorités belges s’illustrent par leur politique du laissez-faire qui, fatalement, leur est reprochée à Madrid. Le Comité d’Ostende joue dès lors un rôle de premier plan dans les relations belgo-espagnoles entre 1866 et 1870, mais son étude apporte également un nouvel éclairage sur les relations internationales au xix e  siècle, démontrant notamment l’importance des acteurs non étatiques et leur influence au sein du système international.
Evaluation of cements obtained by alkali-activated coal ash with NaOH cured at low temperatures
Authors: Hoyos-Montilla A. A. , Arias-Jaramillo Y. P. , Tobón J. I.
Published: September 2018

The temperature at which the alkaline activation process takes place is a significant factor in the evolution of the mechanical properties of coal ash cementitious base material. In this work, the influence of temperature (8 a 38 °C) and curing time (3 and 28 days) on the mechanical properties of the alkaline synthesis of two coal ashes was evaluated through the study of the mineralogical evolution of the cementitious phases by XRD and FTIR. We found that the type of zeolite, a synthesis product, depends on the study factors. For values above 28 °C and at least 7 days, alkalinely activated cements with compressive strength above 20 MPa were achieved. Other parameters, such as SiO2/Al2O3 ratio, percentage of unburned coal and particle-size distribution, should be taken into account in the variation of mechanical performance.
Occurrence of thymic pathology in two families. Is familial screening justified?
Authors: Moraitis Sotirios D. , Agrafiotis Apostolos C. , Kapranou Amalia , Constantinou Marina , Kanakakis Konstantinos , Hountis Panagiotis
Published: September 2018

The familial occurrence of thymic pathology, even though rare, is widely reported in the literature and mainly concerns cases of familial autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Other less frequent cases of familial occurrence of thymoma, thymic carcinoid and thymic hyperplasia have been described. It seems that the familial occurrence is poorly recorded and thus its prevalence is underestimated. We report two families whose members presented different forms of thymic pathology and discuss the necessity of screening programs in family members of patients presenting a thymic lesion.
How Effective is a Departmental Registry Follow-up form for Improving Retrieval of Inferior Vena Cava Filters? A Single-center Experience
Authors: Arabi Esraa Y. , Almusallam Ghaida , Alkhathlan Abeer , Alfaiz Razan , Alzarani Yousof , Arabi Mohammad
Published: September 2018

Purpose: This study evaluated the impact of a departmental registry follow-up form on the retrieval rate of retrievable inferior vena cava (IVC) filters. Materials and Methods: We performed a case–controlled retrospective study of all patients who had received such filters 2 years before and after the follow-up registry was implemented at the study center in June 2015. Patients were analyzed based on age, gender, indication, type of filter, date and location of filter insertion, date of retrieval, dwelling time, and previous attempts at retrieval. The two groups were compared in terms of filter type, rate of retrieval, and dwelling time, before and after the registry was implemented. Results: Between June 2013 and May 2017, 307 filters were inserted in 183 males and 124 females. Of these filters, 296 (96.42%) were placed below the renal veins and 11 (3.58%) were placed suprarenally. A total of 148 (48.21%) filters were inserted before implementing the follow-up form and 159 (51.79%) were inserted afterward. The retrieval rate was 35.81% before implementation of the registry form and 38.36% afterward. The mean dwelling time of retrieved filters prior to implementation was 32 days and 48 days during the 2 years after implementation, respectively. Filter retrieval was successful in 110 patients from the first attempt (96.49%) and four patients required more than one attempt (3.51%). Conclusion: The departmental vena cava filters' registry resulted in minimal improvement of retrievability rates. Younger age was associated with increased likelihood of retrieval. These data suggest that additional measures are required to further enhance retrieval rates.
Pharmacologic Pain Management in Outpatient Uterine Fibroid Embolization
Authors: Khankan Azzam A. , Al-Habli Ibrahim A. , Alhazmi Turki , Feteih Iyad , Valenti David A.
Published: September 2018

The key for successful uterine fibroid embolization in outpatient setting is good management of pain and other postembolization symptoms. Although several different protocols with different medication regimens have been used successfully in multiple institutions, it is still a challenge for interventional radiologists who should be prepared to provide detailed follow-up plans, continuous staff availability, and an oral medication regimen sufficient to alleviate these symptoms. Moreover, the interventional radiologist should be able to educate the patient about this postprocedural pain and available treatments.
WIRA-C: a compact 142-GHz-radiometer for continuous middle-atmospheric wind measurements
Authors: Hagen Jonas , Murk Axel , Rüfenacht Rolf , Khaykin Sergey , Hauchecorne Alain , Kämpfer Niklaus
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Ground-based microwave wind radiometry provides a method to measure horizontal wind speeds at altitudes between 35 and 75 km as has been shown by various previous studies. No other method is capable of continuously delivering wind measurements in this altitude region. As opposed to lidar systems, microwave radiometers operate autonomously and independent of daylight and clouds.In this paper, we present the WIRA-C (Wind Radiometer for Campaigns) instrument that observes the 142.17504 GHz rotational transition line of ozone with a high spectral resolution using a low noise single side band heterodyne receiver. Because the emitting molecules are drifting with the wind, the line is Doppler shifted. Together with the pressure broadening effect, this allows the retrieval of altitude resolved wind profiles.The novel WIRA-C instrument represents the newest development in microwave wind radiometry and implements many improvements over its predecessor, the WIRA instrument. The main improvements include the compact structure, lower noise and an advanced retrieval setup. This paper describes the instrument and the data processing with a focus on the retrieval that takes into account a three-dimensional atmosphere and has never been used in ground-based radiometry before. The retrieval yields profiles of horizontal wind speeds with a 12 h time resolution and a vertical resolution of 10 km for zonal and 10 to 15 km for meridional wind speeds. We give an error estimate that accounts for the thermal noise on the measured spectra and additionally estimate systematic errors using Monte Carlo methods.WIRA-C has been continuously measuring horizontal wind speeds for 1 year at the Maïdo observatory on Réunion (21.4° S, 55.9° E). We present the time series of this campaign and compare our measurements to model data from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and coincident measurements of the co-located Rayleigh–Mie Doppler wind lidar. We find a good agreement between our measurements and the ECMWF operational analysis for the time series, where many features are present in both datasets. The wind profiles of the coincident WIRA-C and lidar observations are consistent and agree within their respective uncertainties for the lidar measurements with long integration times.
Water Reclamation for industrial use in sub-Saharan Africa, a Critical Review
Authors: Gulamusssen Noor J. , Arsénio André M. , Matsinhe Nelson P. , Rietveld Louis C.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The increasing world population and growth of industrial development lead to growing water scarcity that, combined with deficient sanitation services, represent serious challenges, particularly in regions like sub-Saharan Africa. Water reclamation is a promising approach to reduce water scarcity, serving as a driving force for better sanitation services and protecting the environment by treating sewage and redistributing for the benefit of other water-dependent applications (e.g. industries). This paper aims to give an overview of the global trends on water reclamation, with a focus on industrial use, and to derive lessons for implementation of water reclamation projects in Sub-Saharan Africa. Findings show that extensive experience exists in technology and management practices that can allow successful implementation of water reclamation projects in the region. Under the conditions of deficient sanitation services and low levels of technical expertise, the main challenge is to develop a framework that can facilitate the integration of social and technological methodologies and help to introduce water reclamation in water allocation planning, including the development of specific legislation for industrial water use and disposal.
L’utopie: du réel au possible
Authors: Ascarate Luz
Published: September 2018

Dans L’idéologie et l’utopie, Ricœur repense le rapport, hérité de Mannheim, entre ces deux concepts. L’objectif de notre contribution est de montrer que le concept d’utopie procède d’une reconstruction de la philosophie de l’imagination chez Ricœur dont la méthode est parente de la phénoménologie. Notre argumentation s’articule en trois temps. Dans un premier temps, notre attention se concentre sur la convergence entre Mannheim et Ricœur: l’attitude déviante par rapport à la réalité que génère l’utopie comme neutralisation, au sens phénoménologique du terme. Dans un second temps, nous insisterons sur la critique que Ricœur adresse à la sociologie de Mannheim qui privilégie la réalité au détriment de la fiction, au risque de faire disparaitre l’utopie. Enfin, sur fond de cette divergence, nous chercherons à montrer l’importance, chez Ricœur, d’une phénoménologie génétique pour repenser la place constituante de l’imagination productrice dans l’espace social.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Environmental Management and Sustainable Development, Vol. 7 No. 3
Authors: Young Jenny
Published: September 2018

Environmental Management and Sustainable Development (EMSD) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from May 1, 2018, to August 1, 2018. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether EMSD publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Macrothink Institute appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period. Adriano MaglioccoAmirnezam BaratiAristotulus Ernst TungkaChristiane do Nascimento MonteD. BhagawanDastun Gabriel MsuyaDilek Kaya-AkyüzlüFarhaoui MohamedFarooq SherGabriel Ling Hoh TeckGiulana QuattroneHayssam Mohamed AliManuel Mendoza-CarranzaMona M. Amin Abdel-FatahNikolay MinkovPankaj MaheshwariSadegh Poozesh
Valoración económica de la demanda del servicio ambiental hídrico del bosque de la micro cuenca Madriguera, Siuna-Nicaragua
Authors: Flores Pérez Oscar
Published: September 2018

Este estudio estimó la disponibilidad a pagar (DAP) de las familias residentes en el área urbana del municipio de Siuna, que reciben agua para consumo diario de la microcuenca Madriguera, por la mejora en la oferta hídrica, mediante el método de valoración contingente y el uso de formato binario. Se estimaron medidas de cambio en el bienestar a través de estimaciones paramétricas en la forma funcional lineal. Asimismo, se calcularon los componentes del valor económico total que los beneficiarios asignan al recurso hídrico proveniente del bosque de la microcuenca. Los resultados de la disposición a pagar (DAP), han revelado que las viviendas que tienen fuente hídrica alterna, tienen una menor disposición a pagar y viceversa. Una alta proporción de la población está dispuesta a pagar y lo hacen de acuerdo a los tipos de valor económico de uso directo y herencia. Quienes no están dispuestos a pagar es porque no tienen recursos económicos. El valor mínimo como medida de cambio de bienestar es de C$116.29 (Ciento dieciséis con 29córdobas). Ello implica la cantidad de C$ 74, 890.76 mensuales para un total de C$ 898, 689.12 anualmente. Los beneficiarios reconocen la importancia del bien y se justifica su valoración en cuanto a que el servicio ambiental de la microcuenca les genera bienestar y favorecen la idea de implementar proyectos de protección y conservación para evitar un cambio desfavorable.
Conflito socioeconômico e ambiental ao redor da construção da Usina Hidrelétrica Belo Monte
Authors: Ramos André Marconato , Alves Humberto Prates da Fonseca
Published: September 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo fazer uma análise da construção da usina hidrelétrica Belo Monte, caracterizando-a como um conflito socioeconômico e ambiental que gira ao redor de dois grandes temas: o impacto de grandes obras de infraestrutura sobre as populações locais e sobre o território onde se instalam, e os riscos e benefícios que elas geram para o desenvolvimento da região e do país. Isso é feito por meio de uma análise empírica do conceito de “estrutura de oportunidade política”, em relação às oportunidades políticas que se configuraram para a atuação dos diferentes agentes sociais envolvidos no conflito ao redor da construção da usina. Nesta análise, constatou-se que, dentro da atual estrutura de oportunidades políticas da política energética brasileira, os grupos sociais contrários à construção de grandes obras de infraestrutura como a usina hidrelétrica Belo Monte, e aqueles que mais sofrem com os seus impactos diretos e indiretos, são também os que possuem menor capacidade de influenciar os processos decisórios e os resultados dessas construções. No caso do conflito em torno da usina hidrelétrica em questão, o repertório contencioso utilizado por esses agentes não conseguiu gerar uma mobilização contrária à obra com poder político suficiente para alterar o cronograma de construção e operação da usina. Essa situação se deve também à coesão e força política dos grupos sociais favoráveis a esse tipo de construção. A forma de atuação desses grupos lhes confere autonomia para decidir sobre os rumos da política energética brasileira, e orientá-la para a continuidade do projeto de expansão do número de usinas hidrelétricas de grande porte nos rios, da Amazônia brasileira.
The role of forests and protected areas in climate change mitigation: a review and critique of the ecosystem services and REDD+ approaches
Authors: Matheus Fabricio Scarpeta
Published: September 2018

Emissões de gases de efeito estufa estão entre os principais impactos causados pelos humanos no planeta e estão diretamente ligados às mudanças climáticas. Emissões por desmatamento são reconhecidas como a segunda maior causa de emissão desses gases, contribuindo com 20% de CO2 equivalente liberado na atmosfera em 2010. Uma das principais estratégias adotadas internacionalmente para reduzir o desmatamento e a degradação florestal, e que atualmente vem ganhando importância para a mitigação das mudanças climáticas, é a implantação de áreas protegidas. O paradigma atual de gestão de áreas protegidas é baseado em instrumentos de mercado, exemplificado pelas inciativas de REDD+ e pagamentos de serviços ambientais. Porém, críticos dessa perspectiva argumentam que ela é diretamente influenciada pelo neoliberalismo e privilegia a acumulação de capital à conservação do meio ambiente. Por meio de uma análise crítica da literatura existente, o presente artigo sugere que áreas protegidas são uma estratégia eficiente para a redução do desmatamento, porém é ainda insuficiente e precisa ser acompanhada de ações complementares para o controle de territórios fora de áreas protegidas, que evitem o redirecionamento de atividades ilegais.
Produções, ocupações e coexistências possíveis à conservação ambiental: uma análise na Reserva Extrativista Terra Grande-Pracuúba
Authors: Fiuza Alex De Castro , Da Costa Samira Lima , Loureiro Carlos Frederico Bernardo
Published: September 2018

O sistema capitalista, atual modelo de organização social hegemônico, além de estar vinculado a um “desenvolvimento” baseado na constituição de desigualdades sociais, lançou a sociedade numa forte crise ambiental. A partir da ecologia política, assumimos a premissa que tal crise não é ambiental, mas sim social com desdobramentos na natureza, com o modelo de produção capitalista em seu cerne. Dessa forma, apresentamos neste artigo resultados de uma pesquisa que objetivou descrever e analisar a organização socioeconômica de comunidades tradicionais inseridas na Reserva Extrativista Terra Grande-Pracuúba, bem como suas relações ambientais. Nessa trajetória, partindo-se de uma abordagem psicossocial e qualitativa, foram adotadas as técnicas ‘observação participante’ e ‘entrevistas centradas’ (focused interview). Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se a técnica ‘análise de conteúdo’, tendo como ferramenta de suporte o Atlas TI. Foi possível constatar que os grupos sociais analisados exercem suas práticas econômicas - seu trabalho - de maneira espacialmente integrada às demais práticas materiais e imateriais necessárias à sua reprodução social. Tal integração favorece a manutenção ecossistêmica de seus territórios, especialmente diante da alta mobilidade do capital. Frente às possibilidades de avanço deste modelo ambientalmente predatório sobre territórios conservados, fomentar práticas produtivas tradicionais, para além de favorecer a autonomia socioeconômica e política desses povos, tende a potencializar a conservação dos ecossistemas.
Desenvolvimento urbano e saúde pública: impactos da construção da UHE de Belo Monte
Authors: Souza Douglas Pereira de , Da Silva Wanhinna Regina Soares , Cervinski Gilberto Carlos , Dos Santos Bruno Dias , Comarú Francisco De Assis , Trigoso Federico Bernardino Morante
Published: September 2018

O Brasil dispõe do maior potencial hídrico do mundo e suas principais bacias hidrográficas se encontram na região amazônica. Por isso, grandes projetos hidrelétricos estão sendo planejados e construídos no Norte do país. Entretanto, na fase de implantação de uma usina, trabalhadores são atraídos para o local da obra em busca de emprego, o que modifica a dinâmica populacional das áreas de influência do empreendimento. Nesse contexto, este artigo busca discutir os impactos no crescimento urbano da cidade de Altamira (PA) com a construção da UHE de Belo Monte, visando compreender sua interferência na saúde pública. Do ponto de vista da abordagem metodológica, foram utilizadas neste artigo a revisão bibliográfica e a pesquisa documental. Verificou-se que no início das obras em Altamira ocorreram modificações estruturais, do ponto de vista social, econômico e ambiental. As mudanças são percebidas pelo aumento populacional, que eleva a demanda nos serviços públicos, e pelo subdimensionamento dos dados censitários, que impacta diretamente a saúde pública, pois a elaboração de políticas públicas de atenção e financiamento do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) é regida pelo censo demográfico. Apesar de o município apresentar um aumento de 72,2% da cobertura da atenção básica em 2017, somente com a realização de um novo censo será possível traçar um diagnóstico mais preciso sobre todas as transformações ocorridas no território de Altamira, principalmente as referentes à saúde pública.
Mosaico Carioca de Áreas Protegidas e a perspectiva de gestão integrada do território no contexto urbano
Authors: Pena Ingrid Almeida de Barros , Rodrigues Camila Gonçalves de Oliveira
Published: September 2018

O Mosaico de Área Protegida (MAP) é uma estratégia que preconiza a gestão integrada e participativa de áreas protegidas, e está previsto na Lei 9.985 de 18 de julho de 2000 – que instituiu o Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação (SNUC). Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa cujo objetivo foi analisar e problematizar o funcionamento do MAP a partir da categoria analítica “território”, com base principalmente na sua acepção sociopolítica, utilizando como objeto de estudo o Mosaico Carioca. Esse mosaico possui uma particularidade em relação aos outros mosaicos devido ao fato de estar inserido no contexto urbano, situado no município do Rio de Janeiro – uma cidade que vem sofrendo transformações na sua configuração, geradas a partir de interesses diferenciados que raramente contemplam a conservação da biodiversidade. Por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa, foram aplicados os seguintes métodos de pesquisa: levantamento bibliográfico, análise de dados secundários e realização de entrevistas semi-estruturadas. A partir do conceito de território, da abordagem escalar e de reflexões que permeiam o debate sobre a gestão integrada de áreas protegidas, foram ressaltadas as potencialidades e os desafios em relação aos mosaicos, em especial ao MC. Além disso, o estudo identificou divergências entre a visão da esfera pública e a da sociedade civil no que diz respeito à gestão do território e as expectativas de transformação espacial por parte dos atores com maior poder de influência, no caso do Rio de Janeiro, aliadas à interesses políticos em confluência com o modelo de cidade instituído.
Salidas a la crisis ambiental: conciencia relacional, transdisciplinariedad y suficiencia en la base de otra economía
Authors: Mora-Motta Alejandro
Published: September 2018

Resenha de Max-Neef, M. Economía Herética: treinta y cinco años a contracorriente. Barcelona: Icaria, 2017.
Direito e democracia sob enfoque da filosofia política de Deleuze e Guattari: questionamentos e possibilidades
Authors: Almeida Leonardo Monteiro Crespo de
Published: September 2018

O objetivo deste artigo consiste em esclarecer uma possível abertura, no âmbito da filosofia política de Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari, para uma reflexão teórica sobre direito e democracia. Um problema inicial, apontado por Philippe Mengue, é que a filosofia política dos autores introduz severas restrições ao conceito de democracia e permanece omissa em torno dos direitos. Tomando como ponto de partida as ressalvas feitas por Mengue em torno da aversão deleuzeana ao democrático, o artigo pretende mostrar que Mengue ignora certas potencialidades da filosofia deleuzeana que permitiriam repensar essas noções. A fundamentação do posicionamento deste artigo se encontra majoritariamente ancorada na literatura secundária, especialmente nas leituras de Paul Patton sobre o tema, e também no conjunto de textos de Deleuze e Guattari, especialmente em O Que é a Filosofia e nos Mil Platôs. A pesquisa sustenta que direito e democracia podem ser articulados na filosofia dos autores mediante uma perspectiva sobre o político atrelado à imanência e à construção conceitual de novas formas de vida do social.
A redução da maioridade penal: uma análise dos editoriais do jornal O Globo
Authors: Dias Felipe Da Veiga , Budó Marília De Nardin , Silva Patrícia Silveira da
Published: September 2018

O tema deste trabalho é a representação midiática do tema da redução da maioridade penal, a partir do pressuposto de que os meios de comunicação são um meio de controle social informal. A partir da análise dos editoriais do jornal O Globo, buscar-se-á a compreender a maneira como o segundo jornal de maior circulação e tiragem do país, pertencente à maior empresa de comunicação, buscou influenciar a política a respeito do ato infracional. Adotou-se como marco temporal o ano da promulgação do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (1990), até o mês de agosto de 2017, período em que foi realizada a presente pesquisa. O trabalho está estruturado em duas partes. Na primeira parte será apresentado como marco teórico a Criminologia Crítica e a Teoria da Proteção Integral, adotando a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica. Na segunda parte serão apresentados os resultados da análise dos 46 editoriais do jornal O Globo sobre a maioridade penal, utilizando como metodologia de pesquisa a teoria fundamentada nos dados, com abordagem predominantemente indutiva. Após a análise conclui-se que a representação social do adolescente autor de ato infracional reproduziu estereótipos que o identificam como um inimigo da sociedade, não por acaso aparecendo a proposta de aumento da punição por meio do encarceramento precoce como a solução para o problema da violência. O tema da impunidade se sobressaiu, desconsiderando completamente as medidas socioeducativas e a principiologia de que se reveste o direito da criança e do adolescente.