bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experience in the study of paleopathology of the spine using computed tomography and radiography
Authors: Vasilyev S.V. , Bulgin D.V. , Simavonyan K.V. , Borutskaya S.B. , Emelyanchik O.A. , Oganesyan A.O. , Kartashov S.I. , Chichaev I.A.
Published: September 2022

In this paper, an interesting case of spinal pathology is considered. In 2015, under the supervision of V.V. Cherevko, archaeological excavations were carried out on the territory of a cemetery near the village of Vaskovi-chi, Glubokoye district, Vitebsk region (Republic of Belarus). In the course of the archaeological excavations, two burials were discovered, which date back to the end of the 19th century. The remains from the burial 2 belonged to a relatively young male, lying on his back with his hands stretched down and the spine unnaturally curved in the lumbar region. To diagnose the pathological change, computer tomography and radiography of the spine of the man, who lived about 150 years ago in the countryside of Belarus, were applied. The scanning of the object under study was carried out at the Resource Center for Nuclear Physics Research Methods using X-rays on a 40-slice PET-CT tomograph. Radiography was carried out at the Research Institute of Medical Primatology. The most likely cause of this pathology was tuberculous spondylosis — unstable compression fractures of the bodies of the ninth through to the twelfth thoracic vertebrae and fusion of the resulting bone mass with the body of the first lumbar vertebra. As a result, a kyphotic bone conglomerate was formed in the area of transition of the tho-racic to the lumbar spine. There was osteomalacia of the bodies of the corresponding thoracic vertebrae. The torso became bent. When the person was standing, his head should have been at the level of his pelvis. It is hard to imagine how this person could move around, care for himself, and have a normal life. The disease proceeded, most likely, without serious neurological disorder. The fact of the chronic course of the deformity indirectly testifies in favor of the latter, and, accordingly, for the gradual progression of the deformity it is necessary that the spine was in an upright position, that is that the person could walk a little, at least sit, not being bed-ridden or paralyzed.
The Russian Frontier in Western Siberia (XVI–XVIII centuries) — an archaeological rendition
Authors: Tataurova L.V. , Tataurov S.F. , Tataurov F.S. , Sopova K.O.
Published: September 2022

The Tara Irtysh region, including the city of Tara, as the main frontier outpost of the 17th–18th centuries, and its rural environs, is chosen as the pilot region in the study of the Russian frontier. Here, extensive archaeological material on the culture of urban and rural populations has been accumulated, and there is a representative body of written sources. The aim of this research is to study, on the basis of a complex analysis, the main deve-lopmental strategies of the Tarsky frontier: military, economic, and cultural. This will enable building a multicom-ponent model of the Russian frontier in the 16th–18th centuries for this region, identifying specifics of its forma-tion, characteristic features, markers, and dynamics of changes as prerequisites for the advancement of the state to the east and southeast. In the study of the military strategy, a special role is assigned to the analysis of defen-sive structures which, together with weapons, specifically firearms, allowed resisting the militant nomads and de-fending the bordering territories inhabited by both Russian and indigenous populations. The study of the eco-nomic strategy revealed that the Russians in a short time created their own food economy based on the develop-ment of agriculture, cattle breeding, and the use of the natural resources — forest foraging, fishing, and hunting. Military confrontations and the formation of a life sustenance system required the development of various crafts: blacksmithing, pottery making, there was a need for clothing and footwear, and for food production. Trade rela-tions were developing. The strategy of the cultural development was based on the paradigm of the Russian world — the spread of the Orthodoxy, into which the indigenous population was converted, including those serving in the Tarsky garrison. However, Muscovian authorities did not inhibit Islamization of the Tatars. Cohabitation of the Russians and Tatars facilitated the spread of the Russian language and Russian culture in the indigenous envi-ronment. This manifested in the change of the foundations of the traditional way of life of the native population, its restructuring according to the Russian model, and introduction of the advanced technologies. The Siberian Rus-sian identity was developing on this international foundation.
In search of sharia-compliant resolution framework for islamic banks: The case of Indonesia
Authors: Rulindo Ronald , Rifqi Muhammad
Published: September 2022

Purpose – This paper investigates Sharia concerns on existing bank resolution framework and propose recommendations on how to resolve those concerns in Sharia-compliant manners. It also assesses compatibility of resolution powers mandated by the FSB’s Key Attributes of Effective Resolution Regimes for Financial Institutions if applied to resolve failed Islamic bank, especially focusing on operational aspect of executing the resolution options. Methodology – We conduct a series of focus group discussion with various relevant stakeholders, including Indonesian Sharia scholars, regulators, professional associations, Islamic bankers and academics. The discussions were performed in group interviews format, with the authors took part as moderators. The discussions took place between July 2020 to January 2021, and were part of development of fatwa and regulations on the resolution for Islamic banks.Findings – In general, the existing bank resolution framework can be applied to Islamic banks. However, there are some resolution powers of the authority that possesses inherent sharia issues, but are still allowed according to Dewan Syariah Nasional (DSN) (the National Sharia Council). There should be clear measures attached to those powers prior to implementation. For some aspects, some adjustments to the resolution powers are also needed through establishment of infrastructures and regulations, particularly with regards to resolution options.Originality – The novelty of this study is the analysis of suitability of banking resolution issues from Sharia perspective. This paper also serves to enhance awareness on issues related to resolution of Islamic banks and promote wider implementation of Sharia approaches for bank resolution in other jurisdictions.
The impacts of Covid-19 on macroeconomic indicators and the performance of Islamic banks in Indonesia
Authors: Fakhri Ulumuddin Nurul , Nuriyah Aminah
Published: September 2022

Purpose – The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of the impact of Covid-19 on the macroeconomic indicators and financial performance of Islamic banks in Indonesia. The results of this study may serve as a reference for the Indonesian government and Islamic banks’ stakeholders in formulating strategic decisions in creating innovative solutions during the Covid-19 pandemic.Methodology – Quantitative research method with 2 approaches, namely Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) was selected for this study.Findings – This study demonstrated that macroeconomic indicators were significantly affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. However, the results of the ANN and PLS-SEM models varied. The PLS-SEM model illustrated the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic affecting the performance of Islamic banking, while the ANN model did not.Implication – This research has implications for stakeholders, especially the government to maintain macroeconomic stability, while for Islamic banking management to focus more on product innovation and service excellence so that it can be closer to the public, especially Muslims community.Originality – Numerous studies examining macroeconomics and the financial performance of Islamic banking have been conducted. This study aimed to offer an alternative perspective by using two models, namely PLS-SEM and ANN.
Penentuan Strategi Promosi UMKM Fashion dan Souvenir dengan Metode Market Basket Analysis
Authors: Wiliyanto Reza , Mahirah Alifia , Firmansyah Faisal Ibnu
Published: September 2022

Abstrak

Sebagian besar pelaku usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah (UMKM) di Indonesia mengalami tren penurunan penjualan selama pandemi Covid-19. Berdasarkan survei yang dilakukan oleh Asosiasi Business Development Service Indonesia (ABDSI) terhadap 6.000 UMKM yang tersebar diseluruh Indonesia dengan periode April-Mei 2020, sebanyak 92,5% UMKM mengalami penurunan penjualan 60-100%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengupayakan peningkatan penjualan melalui strategi promosi bundling yang sesuai dengan perilaku pembelian konsumen. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan adalah Market Basket Analysis. Adapun tahapannya terdiri dari Data Collection, Pre-Processing, Transformation dan Interpretation. Studi kasus penelitian ini adalah salah satu UMKM yang bergerak di bidang fashion dan souvenir di Kota Serang. Data yang digunakan adalah data penjualan dari tahun 2020 – 2021. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa algoritma apriori dapat digunakan untuk strategi bundling pada toko helianthe(dot)project. Dengan nilai confidence > 0,9, nilai support > 0,9, dan nilai lift ratio > 1 diperoleh strategi bundling yang terpilih, yaitu 3 kombinasi yang berisi 2 item produk dan 1 kombinasi yang berisi 3 item produk.
Uranium(VI) Retention onto Hardened Cement Paste under High Saline and Alkaline Conditions
Authors: Macé Nathalie , Page Jacques , Reiller Pascal E.
Published: September 2022

Evaluation of the mobility behavior of radionuclides in highly saline and alkaline conditions is a major concern for performance assessment of radioactive waste disposal. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of up to 2.8 mol/kgsolution content of NaNO3, onto the solubility and the sorption of U(VI) in a hardened cement-paste (HCP) prepared from an ordinary Portland cement (CEM I). To avoid the interference of the high salt concentration (and ionic strength) and because of expected low solubility of uranium under such alkaline conditions, the time-resolved laser fluorescence (TRLFS) was selected to measured accurate U(VI) concentration in solution using the standard addition method in 85% H3PO4 to limit dilution and matrix effects and allows determining of resulting [U(VI)] in solution with acceptable precision for distribution factor (Rd) both in sorption and desorption experiments. The operational solubility limit measured at high ionic strength is lowered by a factor 3 compared to the reference cementitious condition, with the Rd values decrease by ca. a factor 4. Sorption of U(VI) appears to be reversible under these conditions.
Sediment mobility, closure depth, and the littoral system – Oregon and Washington coast
Authors: Hudson Austin , Moritz Hans , Norton Jarod
Published: September 2022

Forty years ago, the depth of closure concept was introduced to provide a systematic, process-based approach to evaluate seasonal changes in cross-shore profiles and sediment mobility in the nearshore. This study aims to extend that theory by directly considering wave-asymmetry in the nearshore environment. This technical note introduces a methodology to calculate wave induced dispersal of dredged material placed in nearshore sites and summarizes analyses validating the approach using data from the South Jetty Site at the Mouth of the Columbia River. This investigation highlights the notion of a cross-shore gradient in nearshore placement effectiveness of dredged material that can assist project managers plan and execute sustainable sediment management practices at coastal inlets.
Characterization of the Giant Chicontepec Tight Oil Paleochannel in Mexico and Integration with Actual Cumulative Oil Production
Authors: Gutierrez Oseguera Alejandra , Aguilera Roberto
Published: September 2022

The Chicontepec paleochannel contains unconventional tight oil shaly sandstone reservoirs also characterized by natural fractures of tectonic origin. Chicontepec ranks as a giant reservoir with volumes of original oil in place (OOIP) ranging between 137,300 and 59,000 million STB (Guzman 2019). Although the cumulative oil is significant (440.38 million STB), it only represents 0.32 to 0.75% of the OOIP. The objective of this study is to develop a new characterization methodology with a view to increase oil recovery from Chicontepec.

OOIP in Chicontepec paleochannels was estimated originally at 137,300 million STB. Despite several studies using state-of-the-art methodologies and contracting major oilfield services companies to test new technologies and significant investments, the OOIP was decreased recently to 59,000 million STB due to lack of any significant success on the implemented projects.

This study shows that the key to success is understanding the contribution of natural fractures. This is demonstrated for the case of Chicontepec with a new dual-porosity petrophysical model for naturally fractured laminar shaly sandstone reservoirs developed in this study. The model assumes that matrix and fractures are in parallel. Laminar shaliness is handled with a parameter (Alam) that is a function of true and shale resistivities, and fractional shale volume (Vsh).

The methodology integrates data from observations in outcrops, quantitative evaluation of cores, well logs, and actual production data. Past Chicontepec studies have assumed that the porosity exponent (m) in Archie and shaly sandstone equations is constant. However, core studies indicate that Chicontepec m values become smaller as porosity decreases. The proposed dual-porosity petrophysical model, when applied to actual Chicontepec wells, matches properly the laboratory values of m and generates results that generally compare well with actual production data (e.g., the larger the value of fracture partitioning, the larger is the cumulative oil production). Pattern recognition allows estimating fracture intensity with a partitioning coefficient, which is calculated as the ratio of fracture porosity to total porosity.

The new contribution of this manuscript is the development of a petrophysical dual-porosity model for naturally fractured shaly sandstone reservoirs that integrates variable values of m from cores, fracture intensity, and cumulative production of individual Chicontepec wells. Our detailed review of the literature indicates that this methodology has not been published previously.
Large-Scale Pipe Flow Experiments for the Evaluation of Nonchemical Solutions for Calcium Carbonate Scaling Inhibition and Control
Authors: Loureiro J. B. R. , Martins A. L. , Gonçalves A. S. , Souza B. G. B. , Schluter H. E. P. , Santos H. F. L. , Castro B. B. , Pepe I. M. , Soares Junior L. C. S. , Demetino G. G. , Soares L. L. O. , Silva C. E. T. , Ferreira M. V. D.
Published: September 2022

Inorganic scaling is a phenomenon of common occurrence both in nature and in industrial operations. In general, its effects can be highly detrimental for the oil industry, as fouling can take place in different stages of the production, from the wellbore and downhole production control valves to upstream primary oil processing and separation equipment. The deposition of precipitated crystals on pipe walls and valves can result in severe production decline. Despite the high costs involved in the design and operation of separate lines for additive injection, chemical inhibition is typically the solution adopted by the oil companies to mitigate scaling. The purpose of the present work is to show the results of large-scale laboratory pipe flow experiments to evaluate the performance of nonchemical solutions to mitigate and control calcium carbonate scaling. Magnetic, electromagnetic, and ultrasound devices have been tested in a setup that simulates the mixing of two incompatible brine solutions that cause precipitation and deposition of calcium carbonate for a high Reynolds number pipe flow. The performance of the devices is evaluated from pressure drop measurements along the pipe, carbonate deposited mass on the pipe wall, and pipe diameter reduction. Additional results include evaluation of particle-size distribution of precipitated crystals, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis for identification of the crystalline structure, and pH and conductivity. Results show that the magnetic field furnishes a beneficial effect, as it delays the time observed for the onset of flow restriction in both pipe and valve. The use of a magnetic field slows down scaling, thus delaying the increase in pressure drop. The time scale associated with this delay is of two to four times the required time in tests carried out without a magnetic field. Ultrasound devices are also shown to provide a beneficial impact on the delay of the appearance of scaling effects. An ultrasound field influences the precipitation phenomena, inducing particle sizes to be kept at very small values, an effect that prevents crystal deposition. The main contribution of the present work is to provide an evaluation method of antiscaling devices based on large-scale experiments that are representative of real field applications.
Multistep Ahead Multiphase Production Prediction of Fractured Wells Using Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit and Multitask Learning
Authors: Li Xuechen , Ma Xinfang , Xiao Fengchao , Xiao Cong , Wang Fei , Zhang Shicheng
Published: September 2022

Relying on its strong nonlinear mapping ability, machine learning is found to be efficient and accurate for production prediction of fractured wells compared with conventional analytical methods, numerical simulations, and traditional decline curve analysis. However, its application in forecasting future multistep time series production remains challenging, with complications of error accumulation, growing uncertainty, and degraded accuracy. To this end, we propose a novel multistep ahead production prediction framework based on a bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU) and multitask learning (MTL) combined neural network (BiGRU-MTL), which can improve prediction performance by sharing task-dependent representations among tasks of multiphase production prediction. The forecasting strategies and evaluation setups for multiple timesteps are elaborated to avoid unfair assessment caused by mixing different prediction confidences over several days. In this framework, BiGRU is in charge of capturing nonlinear patterns of production variation by utilizing both forward and backward sequence information. MTL methods including cross-stitch network (CSN) and weighting losses with homoscedastic uncertainty are incorporated to automatically determine the sharing degree of multiple tasks and the weight ratio of the total loss function. By this means, domain knowledge contained in tasks of multiphase production prediction is deeply leveraged, shared, and coupled to enhance multistep ahead prediction accuracy while meeting the need for multiphase production forecasting. The proposed framework is applied to a synthetic well case, a field well case, and a field multiwell case to progressively prove the feasibility, robustness, and generalization of the BiGRU-MTL model. Experiment results show that the proposed framework outperforms conventional single-task models and commonly used recurrent neural networks (RNNs), furnishing a reliable and stable tool for accurate multistep ahead production prediction. This work promises to provide insights into dynamic production optimization and management in oil- and gasfield sites.
Lessons of sanctions for sustainable economic future of Russia
Authors: Gafurova G. T. , Bondarenko I. N.
Published: September 2022

Objective: to determine the ways of the Russian economy development under the pressure of sanctions.

Methods: when writing the work, such methods of scientific cognition were used as abstract-logical, historical method, analysis and synthesis.

Results: the problem of sanctions pressure on the Russian economy is not new. However, the volume of economic pressure on the country in 2022 indicates that the time has come for a radical restructuring of the economic system. The paper analyzes the Russia’s experience of overcoming the crisis associated with the consequences of sanctions in 2014; conclusions are formulated about the ambiguity of the measures taken to create conditions for the formation of financial and economic independence of the country. A significant part of the stated goals was not achieved, as evidenced by the data, obtained by the authors, on the Russian economy’s dependence on imports of main products. The key areas of sanctions against the Russian economy are systematized, the most vulnerable industries are identified, and some areas of the problems are revealed.

Scientific novelty: a critical assessment of the Russian economy’s preparedness for sanctions imposed some countries is given, and measures are developed to reduce their impact on the Russian economy.

Practical significance: the study results can be useful in developing economic policy directions and focusing on those industries whose problems were exposed under the sanctions war of 2022.
Legal nature of judicial practice
Authors: Skorobogatov A. V. , Krasnov A. V.
Published: September 2022

Objective:a comprehensive theoretical and legal study of the nature of judicial practice.

Methods: the methodological basis of the article is postclassical rationality, which allows studying judicial practice in the context of its impact on the public relations regulation and establishing the legal nature of this phenomenon. This determined the integration of methods developed in the legal science (formal legal, comparative legal methods, method of legal modeling) and other humanities (hermeneutical, discursive methods).

Results:the article considers judicial practice as an individual legal regulation, i.e. the activities of the authorized judicial bodies of the state aimed at consideration and resolution of legal cases, as well as the creation of individual legal foundations for the lawful behavior of subjects of public relations. The authors proceed from the fact that judicial practice is a unity of cognition, activity, and result, as it actively participates in the construction of legal reality. This leads to the conclusion that judicial practice should be understood dichotomically – as the activity of judges, the result of which is the creation of individual and generalizing legal acts aimed at constructing a legal reality (a specific form of legal communication), and as a material source of law (a set of generalizing legal acts (positions of courts) that have a legal impact on the consciousness and behavior of an indefinite circle of subjects of the same name).

Scientific novelty: in the article, for the first time in the Russian legal science, a study of judicial practice is transferred from the level of sectoral analysis to the philosophical-legal level. At the same time, the authors emphasize the interdisciplinary, general humanitarian nature of judicial practice. The analysis and interpretation of judicial practice are carried out at the ontological and axiological levels of legal reality. This allowed identifying the specific role of judicial practice in the legal system as a means of communication between individual and general legal regulation.

Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific and pedagogical activities when considering the essence and content of judicial practice and its role in the creation and functioning of the Russian legal reality, as well as for improving judicial activity at all levels.
cRGD Nanoparticles Loaded with Microbubbles for enhancing anti-Proliferation and anti-Angiogenesis
Authors: Zhang Xia , Gui Fenfen , Zhou Bing , Xie Rongping , Liu Shan
Published: September 2022

Background
The inhibition of angiogenesis leads to the degeneration of tumors; thus, anti-angiogenesis therapy is a strategy for the treatment of tumors. Accumulating documents has demonstrated effective anti-angiogenic strategies should simultaneously inhibit endothelium-dependent vessels (EDV) and tumor cell-mediated vasculogenic mimicry (VM). Although cRGD peptide enabling to bind with αvβ3 integrin can specifically inhibit both EDV and VM, however peptide-based drug delivery platforms have not obtained the expected therapeutic efficacy due to their rapid degradation and low tumor accumulation.
Results
Herein, we developed cRGD nanoparticles (cRGD Nano) loaded microbubbles (MB) to enhance their anti-EDV and anti-VM ability for endothelial cells and ovarian cancer cells due to the sonoporation effect from ultrasound (US). Heparin as backbone conjugated with cRGD to prepare cRGD-H conjugate and then loaded with biotin thereby following dialysis to fabricate cRGD Nano. Subsequently, the cRGD Nano were incorporated with MB via avidin-biotin linkage to fabricate cRGD Nano-MB. The enhanced anti-angiogenic effect can take profit of cRGD from cRGD Nano and sonoporation effect from US combined with MB. cRGD Nano has been characterized, and cRGD Nano-MB combined with US exhibited the best intracellular uptake ability than cRGD Nano and cRGD Nano-MB without US by flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Also, cRGD Nano-MB combined with US could efficiently discourage the tube formation of endothelial cells and cancer cells, and presented excellent significant anti-proliferation activity in vivo.
Conclusions
The combination of cRGD Nano-MB and US is expected to be a promising strategy for peptide drug delivery and enhancing anti-proliferation and anti-angiogenesis.
Effect of lidocaine on postoperative analgesia of endoscopic rubber band ligation combined with injection sclerotherapy for treatment of internal hemorrhoids: A retrospective study (with video)
Authors: Xu Wen , Xia Guili , Dong Ling , Zhu Ying
Published: September 2022

Background: Endoscopic minimally treatment of internal hemorrhoids may cause postoperative pain. The aim of the study is to investigate the analgesic effect of lidocaine plus lauromacrogol on postoperative pain caused by endoscopic rubber band ligation (ERBL) combined with injection sclerotherapy (IS) for internal hemorrhoids treatment.
Methods: Clinical data of Grade Ⅲ internal hemorrhoids patients who underwent ERBL combined with IS in department of digestive medicine of Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, were retrospectively analyzed. According to the composition of sclerosing solution, the patients were divided into control group (lauromacrogol group, 46 patients) and study group (lidocaine plus lauromacrogol group, 20 patients). Postoperative pain (quantized by Visual Analogue Scale, VAS), pain relief time and postoperative adverse reactions were compared. The therapeutic effect was followed up 1 month after operation.
Results: VAS of postoperative pain was 0.80±0.42 points and pain relief time was 0.90±0.56 days in the study group, while VAS of postoperative pain was 1.63±0.79 points and pain relief time was 1.69±0.73 days in the control group (P<0.05), there was statistical difference between them (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative adverse reactions and follow-up therapeutic effect between the control group and the study group.
Conclusion: Lidocaine plus lauromacrogol is useful for pain alleviation on ERBL combined with IS for internal hemorrhoids treatment because of its convenient procedure, low adverse reaction incidence and good therapeutic effect, which is worthy of promotion.
Relationship of obstructive sleep apnea with periodontal condition and its local and systemic risk factors
Authors: Arango Natalia , Morales Darena , Uriza Catalina Latorre , Porras Juliana Velosa , Corral Mayra Alexandra Téllez , Arregoces Francina María Escobar
Published: September 2022

Objective:Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and periodontitis share risk factors, such as age, obesity, stress and cardiovascular events, which have a bidirectional cause-effect relationship through systemic inflammation. Our objective was to determine the relationship between OSA and the periodontal condition and its associated local and systemic risk factors.
Material and Methods: This was an observational case–control study involving 60 patients. Local oral risk factors and the systemic condition of each patient were evaluated. All patients underwent polysomnography for the diagnosis of OSA. Chi-squared, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests were performed.
Results: A higher percentage of patients with periodontitis had severe OSA (66.66%); however, no statistically significant association was found between the two pathologies (p = 0.290). In terms of systemic risk factors, an association was found between arterial hypertension and severe OSA (p = 0.038), and in terms of local factors, an association was found between the use of removable prostheses and severe OSA (p = 0.0273).
Conclusion: In the general population, patients with periodontitis showed a higher prevalence of severe OSA. Obesity and hypothyroidism were the most prevalent systemic findings in patients with OSA and periodontitis. Arterial hypertension and osteoarthritis were found to be associated with severe OSA. The local risk factors associated with periodontitis and severe OSA were removable partial dentures and misfit resins.
Clinical relevance
To study the factors that can facilitate the progression of OSA and periodontitis, physicians and dentists should be advised to provide comprehensive care for patients with both pathologies.
TYCHE Study: Implementation of a web-based tool for orthopedic image analysis, score validation, and research
Authors: Schippers Philipp , Meurer Andrea , Schnetz Matthias , Ewald Larissa , Ruckes Christian , Hoffmann Reinhard , Gramlich Yves
Published: September 2022

Introduction : Image analysis plays a central role in orthopedics but comes along with many challenges like anonymization, bias, usability, and efficient analysis by multiple independent analyzers, etc. Tyche is a lightweight, browser-based program that addresses the challenges mentioned above by displaying images anonymized, in random order and facilitating the analysis by multiple analyzers. The goal of this study was to validate Tyche for the use of orthopedic images by comparing it with a validated standard program for orthopedic planning.
Method : One hundred three anterior-posterior pelvic radiographs were selected from our database and analyzed separately by five experienced orthopedic surgeons using both Tyche and validated software, mediCAD® (mediCAD Hectec GmbH, Altdorf, Germany). Common orthopedic measurement modalities (length, angle, area) and a score (Kellgren & Lawrence) were determined. Methods were compared using Pearson's correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman-Plots. A short video explaining Tyche can be found at www.tyche.expert/explain.
Results : All one hundred three radiographs were analyzed five times using both Tyche mediCAD®. Significant correlations ranging from r = 0.77 (angle-measurements) to r=0.99 (area-measurements) were found between the two programs for all measurements. Bland-Altman-Plots confirmed the non-inferiority of either method. Images were analyzed significantly faster using Tyche. No obvious transmission errors were found in results using Tyche compared to those from mediCAD®.
Conclusion : None of the currently available tools addresses all challenges in image analysis like anonymization, subjectivity, bias, and usability. Here we tested a new browser-based program, Tyche, by comparing results with a validated tool. In summary, results correlated significantly between the two methods. However, using Tyche, results were acquired faster, under complete anonymization, and with fewer transmission errors. We conclude that Tyche is a validated tool for orthopedic image analysis. For the first time, a validated browser-based tool enables independent analyzers worldwide to conduct efficient, multicenter, and randomized imaging studies and score validations.
Investigating factors that influence the practice of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers in a peri-urban general hospital in Ghana
Authors: Dadzie Baaba , Bayor Fidelis , Doat Abdul-Razak , Kappiah Jamilatu , Akayuure Collins Adombine , Kampo Sylvanus
Published: September 2022

Background
In Ghana, only 52% of mothers exclusively breastfeed their babies and the rate of increase has been steadily slow across all geographical areas of Ghana. The purpose of this study was to determine the various factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding among mothers who visited the child welfare clinic at the Tema General Hospital.
Methodology:
This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the Child Welfare Clinic of the Tema General Hospital. A random sampling technique was used to recruit mothers with children between the ages of 6 months and 24 months attending the Child Welfare Clinic. Mothers were interviewed with the aid of a structured questionnaire.
Results
About 65.8% of mothers exclusively breastfed their infants for six months. Mothers who had good knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding had 96.3% increased odds of exclusively breastfeeding their babies (COR: 0.037, p < 0.001, CI = 95%). Also, mothers whose spouses complained of exclusively breastfeeding had decreased odds (COR: 0.205, p < 0.001, CI = 95%). Finally, mothers who had poor attitudes towards exclusive breastfeeding were 8.733 times less likely to exclusively breastfeed their babies for six months (COR = 8.733, p < 0.001, CI = 95%).
Conclusions
High rate of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers who visited the child welfare clinic was found. The level of knowledge and attitude of the mothers towards exclusive breastfeeding significantly influenced the six months practice of exclusive breastfeeding. Spouses also showed a high influence on whether or not mothers should exclusively breastfeed their babies.
The Role of Public Spaces to Achieve City’s Well-Being Through Geospatial Analysis: A Case Study of Abbottabad city, Pakistan.
Authors: Sattar Ashfa
Published: September 2022

Scientific research into the environmental and experiential factors that contribute to human happiness has grown into a large and expanding body of work. As city growth is increasing day by day in an uncontrollable manner, it directly affects the infrastructure of the city as well as the mental health of its residents. Urban happiness can be described as a philosophy that gives people a positive perception of the place and encourages them to stay there for a long time and/or want to live there again with the same experience. The aim of this research paper is to analyze geospatial quantitative research on the basis of previously defined parameters for urban happiness in a city. Happy place mapping aims to identify long-term urban satisfaction, as well as the reasons that make areas happy from the visitors' perspective, as well as design interventions to improve or build it. With the use of SPSS, QGIS, and questionnaires, the method consists of surveys, observations, and questionnaires. A survey was conducted in Abbottabad's public spaces. These considerations and techniques are expected to be helpful to developers, urban designers, and planners in their efforts to create positive user interfaces and set city-shaping policies.
Demise of a Himalayan giant and the dramatic fate of the highest peaks on Earth
Authors: Lavé Jérôme , Guérin Cyrielle , Valla Pierre , Guillou Valéry , Rigaudier Thomas , Benedetti Lucilla , France-Lanord Christian , Morin Guillaume , DUMOULIN Jean-Pascal , Moreau Christophe , Galy Valier
Published: September 2022

Although the topographic evolution and erosion dynamics of the Himalayan range have been extensively documented, it is not known how the very high Himalayan peaks erode. Some conceptual models assume that intense periglacial processes involve regressive erosion of high peak headwall at rates dictated by valley-floor downcutting of glaciers. However, recent data indicate that frost-cracking intensity decreases with elevation, suggesting instead that highest Himalayan peaks are free of erosion, raising the question of their long-term evolution. Here, we report geological evidence for a giant rockslide that occurred around 1190 AD in the Annapurna Massif (central Nepal), involving a total rock volume of ~23km3, and that decapitated a paleosummit culminating most probably above 8000m of altitude. Our data demonstrate that the main mode of high-altitude erosion could be catastrophic mega-rockslides, leading to the sudden reduction of the high peaks elevation by several hundred meters and ultimately preventing the high Himalayan peaks from growing indefinitely. This erosion mode, associated to steep slopes and high relief, arises from a higher mechanical strength of the high-peak substratum, probably due to the presence of permafrost at high altitude and the absence of bedrock weathering. Giant rockslides also have major implications for landscape evolution: the massive supply of finely-crushed sediments can fill the valleys over >150km further downstream and saturate the Himalayan rivers with sediments for a century or longer time periods. This raises the crucial question of natural hazards associated with such high-magnitude events in the Himalayan regions.
Application of chromosomal microarray analysis in congenital heart disease
Authors: xia mingjing , fu jing , guan xin , Yang Xinhong
Published: September 2022

Objective: To investigate the relationship between different types of fetal congenital heart disease (CHD) and genetic factors, and to evaluate the application value of chromosomal microarray analysis in prenatal diagnosi s of fetuses with CHD.
Methods: 122 fetuses diagnosed with CHD by prenatal fetal ultrasound or echocardiography in Weihai Maternal and Child Health Hospital and that underwent prenatal diagnosis by amniocentesis from June 2016 to December 2020 were included as research subjects. Karyotype analysis, chromosomal microarray analysis technology, and sNP-array technology were used to detect karyotype and genome-wide copy number variation.
Results: Of the 122 cases of fetal genetic results, 23 were abnormal results (18.85%, 23/122). 11 cases had abnormal karyotypes (9.02%, 11/122) ), 9 cases had aneuploidy (7.38%, 9/122), and 2 cases exhibited mosaicism (1.64%, 2/122). Chromosomal microarray analysis detected 12 cases (9.84%, 12/122) of CNVs. There were 6 cases of pCNV (4.92%, 6/122) and 6 cases of VOUS (4.92%, 6/122). CMA detected an additional 4.92% of pathogenic genetic abnormalities than karyotype analysis. The abnormal karyotype detection rate of the CHD group with extracardiac abnormalities was significantly higher than that of the independent CHD group (27.78% vs. 5.34%, P<0.01). The abnormal karyotype and pCNV detection rate of non-isolated ventricular septal defects were significantly higher than those of isolated ventricular septal defects, (23.53% vs. 0%, P<0.01; 14.71% vs. 0%). P < 0.05,). The detection rate of pCNV in the solitary ventricular septal defect with abnormal soft index group was significantly higher than that in the solitary ventricular septal defect group(36.4% vs. 0%, P<0.001). The detection rate of abnormal karyotype in the ventricular septal defect with extracardiac abnormality group was significantly higher than that in the isolated ventricular septal defect group (33.33% vs. 0%, P<0.05).
Conclusion: Chromosomal microarray analysis technology can improve the detection rate of CHD in fetuses. CMA can detect 4.92% more pathogenic copy number variation than chromosomal karyotype analysis and the abnormal karyotype detection rate of CHD with extracardiac abnormalities was high. We observed a high detection rate of pathogenic CNV in non-isolated ventricular septal defect.
Effects of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG 6000) and Bentonite Clay Incorporation in Selected Local Browses Based Diets on the Performance of Small East African Goats
Authors: kemboi Fred , ondiek James , King’ori Antony , Onjoro Paul
Published: September 2022

The study evaluated how binders affected the feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of small east African goats fed on a variety of native browse-based diets. Twenty-four growing goats with initial body weight approximately 10.5 kg±1.3 (mean±SE) were randomly allocated to the Acacia brevispica and Berchemia discolor with various levels of PEG and bentonite clay in a Factorial completely randomized design. The selected local browse leaf meal was treated with PEG at a level of 25g/kg and bentonite clay at 20g/kg. The goats were allocated to individual pens with each treatment having 3 replicates. The experiment lasted for 70days, consisting of a 14-day adaptation period. Average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and FCR were computed each week. The composition of the CP, OM, EE, NDF, ADF, TEPH, and CT varied greatly, with significant (P<0.05) changes seen between the various experimental treatments. Diets treated with binders had higher DM Intake, daily weight gains and total dry matter intake. Diets treated with binders had higher DM Intake, daily weight gains and total dry matter intake. Goats on diets treated with bentonite clay(T2) performed much better than the one treated with PEG (T1) though there was no significance difference between the two. Acacia brevispica based diets treated with binders performed better than Bechemia discor based diets. All nutrients' digestibility coefficients were unaffected by the addition of polyethylene glycol 6000 or bentonite clay (P > 0.05). It was concluded that bentonite clay as deactivation material can be adopted due to its low cost compared to PEG and its activity to absorb or bind anti-nutritive factors such as tannins found in animal feeds. Though, addition of PEG and bentonite clay to A. brevispica and B. discolor based diet can be used to enhance feed utilization as a result of tannins deactivation.
Direct Organogenesis Protocol for in vitro Propagation of Chenopodium quinoa
Authors: Gong Yuan , Guo Shanli , Wu Xiaolin , Chen Shihua , You Cuirong
Published: September 2022

The direct organogenesis protocol of quinoa cultivar "Faro" was established in this study，respectively via axillary bud proliferation model and adventious bud formation model,using two different section ways from seedling cotyledons as explants.The most explant types for axillary bud proliferation model were cotyledons with petiole(approx. 1cm length), while for adventious bud formation were cotyledons without petiole. The medium ( 2MS supplemented with 3.0mg/L 6-BA ) was most suitable for axillary bud primary induction (97.5%), and the highest multiplication rate was attained in the subculture medium( 2MS supplemented with 3.0mg/L 6-BA and 0.1mg/L NAA) . we obtained 94.36% rejuvenation plantlets( >1cm in heighth) in the medium (2MS supplemented with 0.1mg/L 6-BA) . The highest adventitious buds formation was induced in the medium 2MS supplemented with 1.0mg/L 6-BA and 0.1mg/L NAA (12.14%). The most suitable medium for subculture proliferation was 2MS supplemented with 0.5mg/L 6-BA( 3.6 adventitous buds per explant). Rejuvenation plantlets (93.04% , >1cm in heighth) were successfully obtained in the medium (2MS supplemented with 0.3mg/L 6-BA). The most percentage of shoot rooting in vitro (51.04%) was abttained in the medium MS supplemented with 1.0mg/L IBA.The cultivar micropropagation protocol can be used for further genetic research of quinoa and prevention of viral diseases.
Nitrogen isotopic composition of tooth enamel organic matter records trophic position in modern and fossil ecosystems
Authors: Leichliter Jennifer , Lüdecke Tina , Foreman Alan , Bourgon Nicolas , Duprey Nicolas , Vonhof Hubert , Souksavatdy Viengkeo , Bacon Anne-Marie , Sigman Daniel , Tütken Thomas , Martinez-Garcia Alfredo
Published: September 2022

Nitrogen isotopes are widely used to study the trophic position of animals in modern food webs, however, their application in the fossil record is severely limited by degradation of organic material during fossilization. In this study, we show that the nitrogen isotopic composition of organic matter preserved in mammalian tooth enamel (δ15Nenamel) records diet and trophic position in modern and fossil ecosystems. The δ15Nenamel of modern African mammals shows a trophic enrichment of 3.7 ‰ between herbivores and carnivores, as well as a strong positive correlation between δ15Nenamel and δ15Nbone-collagen values from the same individuals. δ15Nenamel values of Late Pleistocene fossil teeth record expected dietary patterns, despite complete diagenetic loss of collagen in the same specimens. We demonstrate that δ15Nenamel represents a powerful new paleodietary proxy that could help delineate major dietary transitions in ancient vertebrate lineages, such as the onset and intensification of animal resource use in early hominins.
Entangled X-ray Photon Pair Generation by Free Electron Lasers
Authors: Xu Haitan , Zhang Linfeng , Li Zunqi , Liu Dongyu , Zhang Ming , Wu Chengyin , Li Zheng
Published: September 2022

Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen's prediction on incompleteness of quantum mechanics was overturned by experimental tests on Bell's inequality that confirmed the existence of quantum entanglement. In X-ray optics, entangled photon pairs can be generated by X-ray parametric down conversion (XPDC), which is limited by relatively low efficiency. Meanwhile, free electron laser (FEL) has successfully lased at X-ray frequencies recently. However, FEL is usually seen as a classical light source, and its quantum effects are considered minor corrections to the classical theory. Here we investigate entangled X-ray photon pair emissions in FEL. We establish a theory for coherently amplified entangled photon pair emission from microbunched electron pulses in the undulator. We also propose an experimental scheme for the observation of the entangled photon pairs via energy and spatial correlation measurements. Such an entangled X-ray photon pair source is of great importance in quantum optics and other X-ray applications.