bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the mechanisms of psychological protection of employees of internal affairs bodies in the event of professional difficulties
Authors: Vas'kina Yuliya
Published: June 2022

The article presents a theoretical analysis of the problem of mechanisms of psychological protection of employees of internal affairs bodies in the event of professional difficulties. The analytical work made it possible to identify the necessary theoretical and methodological foundations for studying the designated problem. The problem of psychological features of overcoming professional difficulties by employees of the Department of Internal Affairs is not new to psychological science, throughout the existence of the system of moral and psychological support, theoretical and practical developments are actively conducted. There are also developments to study the mechanisms of psychological protection of police officers in various situations of operational and official activity. However, this issue remains relevant and requires the development of fundamentally new solutions, taking into account modern challenges and realities in which police officers solve assigned professional tasks. The author schematically presented the dynamics and algorithm of the emergence and flow of psychological defense mechanisms. It is revealed that the investigators of the territorial divisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Moscow region, the following mechanisms of psychological protection prevail in their professional activities: "compensation", "rationalization", "substitution", "displacement" The results of experimental work are presented, which allowed determining further prospects for studying the mechanisms of psychological protection in the professional activities of employees of internal affairs bodies and the development of the necessary psychological potential of the individual, contributing to overcoming professional difficulties in young specialists of the Department of Internal Affairs.
Features of the psychology of drivers held criminally liable for traffic accidents
Authors: Tontoev Dmitriy
Published: June 2022

At present, the situation on the streets and roads of our country, associated with traffic accidents, as a result of which a tragedy occurred or a high degree of injury was received, remains quite acute. The tasks of a complete, comprehensive and objective investigation of traffic accidents, as well as prevention and the expected type of alleged accidents, can only be solved by the possible causes and conditions for their occurrence. Modern science, along with external factors affecting road traffic accidents, also considers internal factors that are directly related to a person as a road user. The internal factors influencing human behavior include, among other things, the psychological component of the individual. In this connection, the problems of the psychological causes of crimes in the field of road safety are of considerable scientific interest. Of particular relevance in this regard is the study of the psychological characteristics of the person who committed traffic crimes, as a result of which people were seriously injured or fatally injured, including if these acts were committed in a state of intoxication and (or) are associated with leaving the place of its commission.
The relationship between psychological capital and involvement in the official activities of police officers
Authors: Dushkin Anton , Vozzhenikova Ol'ga
Published: June 2022

many studies conducted on the personality of police officers focused on such negative aspects as stress, emotional burnout, professional deformities, which led to minimal positive-oriented research. The purpose of the study is to replenish the growing amount of knowledge about the psychological capital and involvement in the official activities of police officers. The article presents a comparative analysis of psychological capital and involvement in work (official activity) police officers. Research in the field of positive psychology and psychological capital shows that human resources and psychological strengths help to increase the efficiency of a police officer. Currently, psychological capital is considered as an important concept that helps police officers cope with complex operational and service tasks in various conditions of the situation. The work requirements resource model is presented, which explains the relationship between work requirements, work resources and work engagement. The study showed that psychological capital really affects the level of involvement in the official activities of police officers, in particular, the psychological capital measurement hope affects the activity of the measurement of involvement in work (activity).
Psychological factors of victim behavior of women in family relationships
Authors: Timofeeva Tatiana Sergeevna , Trishina Nadezhda
Published: June 2022

The relevance of the study is due to the prevalence of violence and the degree of its public approval. The purpose of the study was to determine the characteristics of the image of a partner in women, depending on the propensity for victim behavior in family relationships, in particular, the entry of women into abusive relationships. A theoretical review of research has shown that there are many forms and types of abusive relationships, one of the most common is violence in the family and in partnerships. It is also shown that parenting styles and parental attitudes are the main forming mechanisms of certain reactions and behavior of the child, which are responsible for the individual characteristics of the functioning of a person in the surrounding and inner world, through the appropriation of parental behavior patterns. The research methods were: A. N. Orel questionnaire (female version); questionnaire T. Leary, as well as a short questionnaire. As a result, it was found that the victim behavior of women in family relationships is largely associated with the choice of partners with dominant characteristics, showing features of aggressiveness and selfishness, which generally corresponds to the traditional gender norm of masculinity. At the same time, women expect more support, care and manifestation of altruism, which is reflected in the image of the ideal partner.
On the issue of the formation of the digital culture of employees of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia
Authors: Durov Vitaliy , Antonovskiy Aleksandr
Published: June 2022

The article deals with topical issues of the formation of digital culture of employees of the Federal Penitentiary Service. The formation of the digital culture of employees of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia is connected with the need to address issues related to the development of digital competence in the field of digital transformation in the Federal Penitentiary Service for employees of institutions and bodies of the penal system. Digital culture today is an integrated, systemic, holistic personality quality based on an information worldview and information communication interaction, including knowledge, skills, skills, competencies within the framework of professional activity. The formation of digital culture should begin within the framework of training in an educational organization and continue throughout life, in the context of the methodology of continuing education, as part of the development of additional professional programs. The principles of digital culture formation are highlighted: systemic, activity-based, step-by-step formation, axiological, continuity, modeling and structuring of learning, integrity in learning. The formation of a digital culture of an employee of the penal enforcement system today is impossible without the assimilation of new digital competencies in the field of digital transformation tools that ensure the efficiency, timeliness and success of solving professional problems, a diverse analysis of emerging professional situations that require solutions and control. The complexity and multitasking of the official activities of employees of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia requires improving the quality of professional activity and professional training, taking into account the trends of social changes taking place today against the background of digitalization, informatization, globalization processes in society, which, in turn, cause and stimulate the development of digital transformation in society. It seems necessary to focus on highly professional training of employees of the penal system in the field of digital technologies and the formation of digital culture.
Comparative analysis of young people's ideas about the image of employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation
Authors: Kutyepova Marina , Ivanova Regina
Published: June 2022

The article presents the results of studying the public opinion of young people about the image of an employee of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation, which is an important component in the work to correct the prevailing negative stereotypes and form a positive image of the Russian police.

Since the opinion of representatives of such an important part of Russian society as youth should be studied and taken into account to determine the directions of this work, during the study, using the method of non-standardized survey, an analysis of young people's ideas about the image of an employee of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation was carried out, 52 cadets of the educational organization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and 52 students of higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation were interviewed to solve this problem. Moscow.

The results of the study indicate that the cadets of the educational organization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and university students have a significantly different attitude towards the police, if most of the cadets noted a positive attitude, then the students showed a negative or neutral attitude towards the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation. Therefore, the task of increasing the authority of the police and trust in it among young people is paramount.
Identification of Factors for Evaluating the Effectiveness of IT Projects
Authors: Astaf'eva S. , Demin S. , Oshurkov V. , Volkov A.
Published: June 2022

This article is devoted to studying the evaluation of the effectiveness of IT projects. The purpose of the work is to identify the factors that make the greatest contribution to the formation of performance assessment. The rationale for the need to evaluate the effectiveness of IT projects is given, approaches to evaluation are considered. Based on the results of a survey of managers of relevant projects, the factors influencing the quality of the assessment were identified, and the key ones were identified using mathematical methods. It is proposed to create a software module to minimize the influence of the human factor, automated data collection and calculations.
Problems of Terminology in Engineering Project Management
Authors: D'yachenko V.
Published: June 2022

The article is devoted to a certain paradox that exists in the field of engineering, which is understood as the management of industrial and infrastructure projects. On the one hand, recently there has been an activity of state bodies and the business community towards the topic of engineering, on the other hand, there are contradictions in the terminology of engineering, leading to the fact that the same terms are understood by different people in different ways, or existing concepts are interpreted according to differently. The existing uncertainty and chaos in engineering in the terminology of engineering requires that the state and the business community finally agree on the definition of a number of concepts. The author of the article shows examples of these concepts and suggests ways to solve this problem.
Investigating neighbourhood concentration of immigrants in Poland: explorative evidence from Kraków
Authors: Stonawski Marcin , Brzozowski Jan , Pędziwiatr Konrad , Georgati Marina
Published: June 2022

Aim. This study contributes to research on new immigrant destinations in CEE by investigating the neighbourhood concentration of immigrants in Poland. We focus on Kraków – the second largest city – for which we have built a unique register-based dataset containing geocoded individual level data. To our knowledge, it is the first high-quality dataset of this type, prepared and used for research purposes in Poland. We use it to describe immigrants’ spatial allocation at a relatively early stage of immigration using the kNN approach.
Results and conclusions. We find that whereas foreigners compose around 4.2% of city population, 50% of the city inhabitants live in the 200 kNNs with a share of foreigners below 2.2%. The DI for the immigrants is 0.45. Yet, a relatively high concentration could be seen among foreigners from Asia and America. However, immigrants from Ukraine and other Eastern European, non-EU countries are much more evenly spread around the city.
Emisariusz „Kultury” in spe. Korespondencja Leopolda Tyrmanda i Jerzego Giedroycia
Authors: Pachocki Dariusz
Published: June 2022

Wśród obszernego zbioru archiwaliów znajdujących się w Maisons-Laffitte znajdziemy ciekawy zespół listów od Leopolda Tyrmanda. Jego dopełnienie przechowuje Instytut Hoovera w Palo Alto przy Uniwersytecie Stanforda. Listy te dokumentują rozwój i dramatyczne zakończenie znajomości Jerzego Giedroycia z Leopoldem Tyrmandem. Wiele wskazuje na to, że mieli oni skrajnie różne wyobrażenia na tematy, które teoretycznie miały ich zbliżyć: emigracja, stosunek do władz PRL, kwestie literackie. Rzeczywistość okazała się bardziej skomplikowana, a żaden z nich nie chciał zrezygnować ze swoich przekonań czy pójść na kompromis. Intensywna w liczbie i żywiołowa w treści korespondencja jest także znakomitym światkiem epoki, w której sztuka epistolarna, oprócz funkcji użytkowej, miała także walor estetyczny.
Z otwartą przyłbicą. Rozmowa Wojciecha Kruszewskiego i Dariusza Pachockiego z Józefem Fertem
Authors: Fert Józef , Kruszewski Wojciech , Pachocki Dariusz
Published: June 2022

Rozmowa Wojciecha Kruszewskiego i Dariusza Pachockiego z Józefem Fertem.
Informacje o Autorach
Authors: O Autorach Informacje
Published: June 2022

Informacje o Autorach
Poetycka kronika Młodej Polski – edytorskie rozważania nad niepublikowanymi wspomnieniami Macieja Szukiewicza
Authors: Przepiórka Paulina
Published: June 2022

Artykuł dotyczy wspomnień poetyckich Macieja Szukiewicza wchodzących w skład trzech zbiorów rękopisów o tytułach Wspomnienia, Fraszki i Motylim lotem. Pisarz ukazuje w nich obraz życia elit artystycznych młodopolskiego Krakowa oraz dzieli się przemyśleniami na temat ówczesnych wydarzeń. W artykule przedstawiono efekty badań nad autografami, opisano okoliczności powstania utworów i omówiono problemy edytorskie związane z ich potencjalną publikacją.
Działalność Stanisława Tynca na rzecz rozwoju historii wychowania po II wojnie światowej
Authors: Szulakiewicz Władysława
Published: June 2022

Artykuł poświęcony jest jednemu z zasłużonych polskich uczonych i nauczycieli akademickich, Stanisławowi Franciszkowi Tyncowi. W jego biografii naukowej i zawodowej należy wyróżnić dwa okresy: międzywojenny i powojenny. W tekście skoncentrowano się na ukazaniu jego działalności dotyczącej rozwoju historii wychowania po II wojnie światowej. Wówczas był on nauczycielem akademickim w Uniwersytecie Wrocławskim. W prezentowanej refleksji skupiono się na omówieniu jego aktywności naukowo-organizacyjnej i dydaktycznej związanej z nauczaniem historii wychowania. Naszkicowano jego zasługi w kształceniu młodej kadry naukowej. Zasygnalizowano także zagadnienie udziału Tynca w życiu naukowym środowiska historyków wychowania.
Artykuł opracowano wykorzystując głównie materiały archiwalne znajdujące się w Archiwum Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Warszawie, Archiwum Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego oraz Archiwum Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego. Dla omówienia podjętego tematu istotna okazała się korespondencja, recenzje i opinie autorstwa Tynca oraz dokumentacja jego działalności dydaktycznej. Ze źródeł tych można odczytać jego zasługi w rozwoju środowiska naukowego historyków wychowania oraz zrekonstruować zagadnienia nauczania historii wychowania.
Ludwik Piechnik SJ (1920–2006). Pierwszy kierownik Katedry Historii Oświaty (1997–1998) Akademii Ignatianum w Krakowie
Authors: Królikowska Anna
Published: June 2022

W 2022 roku przypada 25 rocznica powstania Katedry Historii Wychowania funkcjonującej w ramach obecnego Wydziału Pedagogicznego Akademii Ignatianum w Krakowie. Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie sylwetki pierwszego kierownika katedry, ks. prof. Ludwika Piechnika SJ. Badania przeprowadzono metodą analizy dokumentów – zarówno źródłowych, jak i opracowań. Artykuł wpisuje się w nurt badań biograficznych.
Śledząc edukacyjne losy ks. Ludwika Piechnika, można zauważyć, że jego życie utkane było z wydarzeń, decyzji, które budowały krok po kroku wychowawcę młodzieży, naukowca, wykładowcę akademickiego, wreszcie kierownika katedry. Był historykiem i pedagogiem, dlatego badanie przeszłości edukacyjnej pozostawało w polu jego głównych zainteresowań. Zajmowała go również edukacyjna teraźniejszość, w którą zaangażował się jako wychowawca i organizator opieki zastępczej. Z analizy biografii Profesora Ludwika Piechnika wyłania się sylwetka osoby, która – przejawiając niezwykłą wrażliwość wobec dzieci i młodzieży – nie ograniczała się do analiz teoretycznych, ale wyrażała przekonanie, że trzeba być blisko tych, o których się pisze. Można zatem powiedzieć o nim, że potrafił umiejętnie łączyć teorię z edukacyjną praktyką.
Machine Learning vs. Economic Restrictions: Evidence from Stock Return Predictability
Authors: Avramov Doron , Cheng Si , Metzker Lior
Published: June 2022

This paper shows that investments based on deep learning signals extract profitability from difficult-to-arbitrage stocks and during high limits-to-arbitrage market states. In particular, excluding microcaps, distressed stocks, or episodes of high market volatility considerably attenuates profitability. Machine learning-based performance further deteriorates in the presence of reasonable trading costs because of high turnover and extreme positions in the tangency portfolio implied by the pricing kernel. Despite their opaque nature, machine learning methods successfully identify mispriced stocks consistent with most anomalies. Beyond economic restrictions, deep learning signals are profitable in long positions and recent years and command low downside risk.

This paper was accepted by Kay Giesecke, finance.

Funding: D. Avramov acknowledges the Israel Science Foundation (Grant 288/18) for financial support. S. Cheng acknowledges the General Research Fund of the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong [Project 14502318] for financial support.

Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4449 .
Pandora’s Box Problem with Order Constraints
Authors: Boodaghians Shant , Fusco Federico , Lazos Philip , Leonardi Stefano
Published: June 2022

The Pandora’s Box problem, originally posed by Weitzman in 1979, models selection from a set of random-valued alternatives—the “boxes”—when evaluation is costly. Weitzman showed that the Pandora’s Box problem admits a simple threshold-based solution that considers the options in decreasing order of reservation value, a proxy for the actual value of the boxes in the exploration process. We study for the first time this problem when the order in which the boxes are opened is constrained, forcing the solution to account for both the depth of search, as opening a box gives access to more boxes, and the breadth, as there are many directions to explore. Despite these difficulties, we show that greedy optimal strategies exist and can be efficiently computed for tree-like order constraints. We also prove that finding optimal adaptive search strategies is NP-hard to approximate (up to a certain constant) when certain matroid constraints are applied to further restrict the set of boxes that may be opened or when the order constraints are given as reachability constraints on a directed acyclic graph. We complement this hardness result by giving efficient approximation algorithms, exploiting a low adaptivity gap for a carefully relaxed version of the problem.

Funding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation [Grant 1750436] and the Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca [PRIN. ALGADIMAR “Algorithms, Games, and Digital]. This work was also supported by the ERC Advanced [Grant 788893] Algorithmic and Mechanism Design Research in Online Markets (AMDROMA).
Glycemic Controls of Patients with Type 1 Diabetes, Affecting Factors and Relationship Between Type 1 Diabetes and Infection Frequency
Authors: ÇETİNER İsmail , BARSAL ÇETİNER Ebru , BİRCAN İffet
Published: June 2022

Amaç: Tip 1 diabetes mellitus (Tip 1 DM), çocukluk ve ergenlikte en sık görülen endokrin-metabolik bozukluktur. Bu çalışmada, Tip 1 DM’de kötü metabolik kontrol için risk faktörleri, olgularda enfeksiyon sıklığı, eşlik eden otoimmün hastalık sıklığı, Tip 1 DM’un final boyuna ve vücut kitle indeksine (VKİ) etkisinin saptanması planlanarak tedavi ve izlemlerinin tekrar gözden geçirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmaya Tip 1 DM’li 184 çocuk ve ergen dahil edilmiştir. Hasta dosyaları retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir ve hastaların sosyodemografik özelliklerini ve enfeksiyon öyküsünü içeren bir anket uygulanmıştır.
Bulgular: Dahil edilen vakaların% 53.5’i kız,% 46.7’si erkek olup yaş ortalaması 12.71±0.31 yıldı. Ortalama tanı yaşı 7.71±0.29 yıl iken ortalama Hb1ac değeri 8.45±1.78’di. Ortalama HbA1c değeri ile tip 1 DM için aile öyküsü, ev halkı büyüklüğü, ikametgah ve aylık gelir arasında bir korelasyon bulunmadı. Tip 1 DM kronik bir hastalık olması nedeni ile hastalarda nihai boya etkisi, hedef boy ile nihai boy karşılaştırılarak yapıldı. Nihai boya ulaşan 29 hastanın hedef boylarını geçtiği görüldü. Metabolik kontrolün bir göstergesi olan ortalama HbA1c değeri arttıkça mikroalbüminüri ve nöropatinin arttığı saptandı. Olgularda hastanede yatış gerektirecek ciddi enfeksiyon olmadığı ve yıllık ortalama enfeksiyon sayısı 2,3 olduğu görüldü. Enfeksiyon sıklığında artış saptanmadı.
Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, Tip 1 DM’li hastalarda kötü metabolik kontrol için risk faktörü olarak hastalık süresi ve artmış yaş, ergenlik, sosyoekonomik durum, diyet önerilerine uyumsuzluk ve kontrol ziyaretlerine gelememe tespit edilmiştir. Geliştirilmiş metabolik kontrol ile hastaların hedef boya ulaştığı görülmüştür. Hastalarımızda enfeksiyon oranında artış veya hastanede yatmayı gerektirecek ciddi enfeksiyon görülmemiştir. Literatür ile benzer otoimmün hastalık sıklığı izlenmiştir.
What you need to know about microbiology referrals
Authors: Rayner-Philipson Morgan , Webster Jemma , Coughlan Charles , De Surjo
Published: June 2022

Microbiologists are frequently consulted for guidance on the investigation and management of infection, including antimicrobial prescribing in hospital settings. There is a rising demand for timely microbiology advice in the context of increasing global travel and antibiotic resistance, which give rise to complex cases. However, junior doctors are seldom trained in making effective referrals. Improving confidence in this key skill saves time for both the referring clinician and the specialist, and results in more accurate advice being given. This benefits patients who are more likely to receive appropriate treatment. This article presents guidance, developed in consultation with specialists, to improve the quality of referrals to microbiologists. This includes the information required for a high-quality referral, and signposts referring clinicians to existing resources which are suitable for simpler cases not requiring specialist input.
Challenges facing cancer care and guidance on prioritising its safe delivery: lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Smith Nikki D , Radhakrishna Ganesh , Paton Nina , Hechter Stephanie , Foulkes Mark , Mohammed Mohammed A , Boudioni Markella
Published: June 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic challenged the NHS to make rapid adjustments to practice to ensure that patients could continue to access vital treatments while reducing the risk of infection. A roundtable discussion was convened, including professionals from cancer care delivery and those working in patient involvement, to discuss experiences during the pandemic and to offer recommendations for the safe transition and implementation of cancer care in the community setting.
Brexit implications for sustainable energy in the UK
Authors: Kuzemko Caroline , Blondeel Mathieu , Froggatt Antony
Published: June 2022

Brexit has potentially wide-ranging implications for UK policy, although little is known about what these are yet. Now, post the transition period, is a good time to consider its actual impacts as opposed to what was expected by academics, and by proponents of Brexit. In the absence of any established theory of EU-exit, and drawing on insights from (de-)Europeanisation, Brexit energy and climate policy studies, and political economy, this article develops a framework to identify the impact of EU-exit on UK energy policy. This is applied to sustainable energy, an area in urgent need of policy development to meet legally binding national targets. We conclude that, so far, despite leaving various EU bodies there has been relatively little divergence from Europeanised policy; that new UK energy and climate policies, required to replace EU membership benefits, are relatively less effective; and that hard-pressed civil servants have been drawn away from other important policymaking tasks.
A future research agenda for transformational urban policy studies
Authors: Joy Meghan , Vogel Ronald K.
Published: June 2022

There is a gap between the policy problems faced by twenty-first century cities and their proposed solutions, which are often small-scale, siloed and unsustainable. Cities face growing poverty, a rise in precarious work, unaffordable housing, decaying infrastructure, climate change, social polarisation and, most recently, a deadly infectious disease. The urban crisis is rooted in the failures of neoliberal policy characteristic of advanced capitalism, intersected with other systems of oppression. Turning the clock back to liberal urban policymaking will be insufficient. We propose a policy agenda that studies transformative urban movements, including local activism and movement building, policy agenda-setting and design, and policy implementation and evaluation. While these are the expertise of scholars of urban politics and policy studies, transformative urban movements have not been on their radar. In this article, we explore why and examine how urban politics and policy studies can ground and support transformative change.
Analysis of wander and spreading of an optical beam by using the oceanic turbulence optical power spectrum
Authors: Ata Yalçın , Baykal Yahya , Gökçe Muhsin Caner
Published: June 2022

Variance of beam displacement and short-term and long-term spreading of a Gaussian beam propagating in the presence of underwater turbulence are examined by using the oceanic turbulence optical power spectrum (OTOPS). Analytical expressions for both beam wander displacement variance and beam spreading are presented. Results show that the underwater turbulent channel causes deflection from the on-axis mean irradiance and brings significant wander and spreading effects to the propagating Gaussian beam wave. The variations of beam wander and short- and long-term spreading are obtained depending on the underwater medium parameters such as the average temperature, average salinity concentration, temperature-salinity gradient ratio, and temperature and energy dissipation rates. In particular, the real values of the average temperature and salinity concentration of turbulent water are used to obtain the results. In addition, the effects of propagation distance, Gaussian beam source size, and wavelength are shown. The results demonstrate that the underwater turbulent channel brings displacements in the centroid and spreading of the optical beam.
PSF engineering with variable logarithmic phase plates for the extended depth of field
Authors: Moein Sara , Shadalou Shohreh , Suleski Thomas J.
Published: June 2022

Shallow depth of field in imaging systems with high numerical apertures results in images with in- and out-of-focus regions. Therefore, methods to enhance the depth of field are of special interest. In point spread function engineering, a custom phase plate is designed for each system to reduce sensitivity to defocus and thereby extend depth of field. In this paper, we present a method that enables extended depth of field for a range of numerical apertures using a freeform variable logarithmic phase plate pair. We leverage a numerical design approach for the variable phase plate pair design, and explore phase plate optimization and performance by quantifying and comparing through-focus point spread function variation, and on- and off-axis performance for the designed phase plates.
Whole genome sequence analysis of Salmonella Typhi provides evidence of phylogenetic linkage between cases of typhoid fever in Santiago, Chile in the 1980s and 2010–2016
Authors: Maes Mailis , Sikorski Michael J. , Carey Megan E. , Higginson Ellen E. , Dyson Zoe A. , Fernandez Alda , Araya Pamela , Tennant Sharon M. , Baker Stephen , Lagos Rosanna , Hormazábal Juan Carlos , Levine Myron M. , Dougan Gordon
Published: June 2022

Typhoid fever epidemiology was investigated rigorously in Santiago, Chile during the 1980s, when Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) caused seasonal, hyperendemic disease. Targeted interventions reduced the annual typhoid incidence rates from 128–220 cases/105 population occurring between 1977–1984 to <8 cases/105 from 1992 onwards. As such, Santiago represents a contemporary example of the epidemiologic transition of an industrialized city from amplified hyperendemic typhoid fever to a period when typhoid is no longer endemic. We used whole genome sequencing (WGS) and phylogenetic analysis to compare the genotypes of S. Typhi cultured from acute cases of typhoid fever occurring in Santiago during the hyperendemic period of the 1980s (n = 74) versus the nonendemic 2010s (n = 80) when typhoid fever was rare. The genotype distribution between “historical” (1980s) isolates and “modern” (2011–2016) isolates was similar, with genotypes 3.5 and 2 comprising the majority of isolations, and 73/80 (91.3%) of modern isolates matching a genotype detected in the 1980s. Additionally, phylogenomically ‘ancient’ genotypes 1.1 and 1.2.1, uncommon in the global collections, were also detected in both eras, with a notable rise amongst the modern isolates. Thus, genotypes of S. Typhi causing acute illness in the modern nonendemic era match the genotypes circulating during the hyperendemic 1980s. The persistence of historical genotypes may be explained by chronic typhoid carriers originally infected during or before the 1980s.
Uveitis prior to clinical presentation of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is associated with better MS prognosis
Authors: Raskin Eyal , Achiron Anat , Zloto Ofira , Neuman Ron , Vishnevskia-Dai Vicktoria
Published: June 2022

Objective

An association between uveitis and multiple sclerosis (MS) is well-established, but the actual nature of that association remains poorly understood. We sought to determine the association between the presence of a uveitis diagnosis prior to an MS diagnosis compared to no pre-existing uveitis diagnosis in MS patients.

Methods

Patients in whom the presentation of uveitis preceded the presentation of MS (study group) and patients with MS and no uveitis (control group) were randomly selected at a ratio of 1:3 from the Sheba Multiple Sclerosis Center computerized database.

Results

Eleven patients presented with uveitis prior to MS diagnosis (study group), and 31 randomly selected patients had MS without uveitis (control group). Only one patient in the study group deteriorated to EDSS 3 during the follow-up period, compared to 15 patients in the control group (9.1% vs 48.4%, P = 0.049). None of the patients in the study group reached EDSS 6 during the 10 years of follow-up compared to 6 (19.4%) patients in the control group (P = 0.194).

Conclusions

MS patients who presented with uveitis that preceded their neurological symptoms of MS demonstrated a clinically significant better neurological prognosis, than our MS patients with no uveitis.
Micro-sized open-source and low-cost GPS loggers below 1 g minimise the impact on animals while collecting thousands of fixes
Authors: Wild Timm A. , Koblitz Jens C. , Dechmann Dina K. N. , Dietz Christian , Meboldt Mirko , Wikelski Martin
Published: June 2022

GPS-enabled loggers have been proven as valuable tools for monitoring and understanding animal movement, behaviour and ecology. While the importance of recording accurate location estimates is well established, deployment on many, especially small species, has been limited by logger mass and cost. We developed an open-source and low-cost 0.65 g GPS logger with a simple smartphone-compatible user interface, that can record more than 10,000 GPS fixes on a single 30 mAh battery charge (resulting mass including battery: 1.3 g). This low-budget ‘TickTag’ (currently 32 USD) allows scientists to scale-up studies while becoming a ‘wearable’ for larger animals and simultaneously enabling high-definition studies on small animals. Tests on two different species (domestic dog, Canis lupus familiaris and greater mouse-eared bats, Myotis myotis) showed that our combination of optimised hardware design and software-based recording strategies increases the number of achievable GPS fixes per g device mass compared to existing micro-sized solutions. We propose that due to the open-source access, as well as low cost and mass, the TickTag fills a technological gap in wildlife ecology and will open up new possibilities for wildlife research and conservation.
Women’s techniques for pleasure from anal touch: Results from a U.S. probability sample of women ages 18–93
Authors: Hensel Devon J. , von Hippel Christiana D. , Lapage Charles C. , Perkins Robert H.
Published: June 2022

The study purpose was to assess, in a U.S. probability sample of women, the specific ways women have discovered to experience pleasure from anal touch. Through qualitative pilot research with women that informed the development of the survey instrument used in this study, we identified three previously unnamed, but distinct, anal touch techniques that many women find pleasurable and that expand the anal sexual repertoire beyond the more commonly studied anal intercourse behaviors: Anal Surfacing, Anal Shallowing, and Anal Pairing. This study defines each technique and describes its prevalence among U.S. adult women. Weighted frequencies were drawn from the Second OMGYES Pleasure Report—a cross-sectional, online, national probability survey of 3017 American women’s (age 18–93) sexual experiences and discoveries. Participants were recruited via the Ipsos KnowledgePanel®. Data suggest that 40% of women find ‘Anal Surfacing’ pleasurable: sexual touch by a finger, penis, or sex toy on and around the anus. Approximately 35% of women have experienced pleasure using ‘Anal Shallowing’: penetrative touch by a finger, penis, or sex toy just inside the anal opening, no deeper than a fingertip/knuckle. Finally, 40% of women make other forms of sexual touch more pleasurable using ‘Anal Pairing’: touch on or inside the anus that happens at the same time as other kinds of sexual touch such as vaginal penetration or clitoral touching. These data provide techniques that women can and do use to explore the anus as a pleasurable region for touch—which can enable women to better identify their own preferences, communicate about them and advocate for their sexual pleasure.
Detection of porphyrins in vertebrate fossils from the Messel and implications for organic preservation in the fossil record
Authors: Siljeström Sandra , Neubeck Anna , Steele Andrew
Published: June 2022

Organic molecules preserved in fossils provide a wealth of new information about ancient life. The discovery of almost unaltered complex organic molecules in well-preserved fossils raise the question of how common such occurrences are in the fossil record, how to differentiate between endogenous and exogenous sources for the organic matter and what promotes such preservation. The aim of this study was the in-situ analysis of a well-preserved vertebrate fossil from 48 Ma Eocene sediments in the Messel pit, Germany for preservation of complex biomolecules. The fossil was characterized using a variety of techniques including time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. A suite of organic molecules was detected, including porphyrins, which given the context of the detected signal are most probably diagenetically altered heme originating from the fossil though a microbial contribution cannot be completely ruled out. Diagenetic changes to the porphyrin structure were observed that included the exchange of the central iron by nickel. Further analyses on the geochemistry of the fossil and surrounding sediments showed presence of pyrite and aluminosilicates, most likely clay. In addition, a carbonate and calcium phosphate dominated crust has formed around the fossil. This suggests that several different processes are involved in the preservation of the fossil and the organic molecules associated with it. Similar processes seem to have also been involved in preservation of heme in fossils from other localities.
A systematic review and meta-analysis on impact of suboptimal use of antidepressants, bisphosphonates, and statins on healthcare resource utilisation and healthcare cost
Authors: Park Kyu Hyung , Tickle Leonie , Cutler Henry
Published: June 2022

Background

Depression, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease impose a heavy economic burden on society. Understanding economic impacts of suboptimal use of medication due to nonadherence and non-persistence (non-MAP) for these conditions is important for clinical practice and health policy-making.

Objective

This systematic literature review aims to assess the impact of non-MAP to antidepressants, bisphosphonates and statins on healthcare resource utilisation and healthcare cost (HRUHC), and to assess how these impacts differ across medication classes.

Methods

A systematic literature review and an aggregate meta-analysis were performed. Using the search protocol developed, PubMed, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, JSTOR and EconLit were searched for articles that explored the relationship between non-MAP and HRUHC (i.e., use of hospital, visit to healthcare service providers other than hospital, and healthcare cost components including medical cost and pharmacy cost) published from November 2004 to April 2021. Inverse-variance meta-analysis was used to assess the relationship between non-MAP and HRUHC when reported for at least two different populations.

Results

Screening 1,123 articles left 10, seven and 13 articles on antidepressants, bisphosphonates, and statins, respectively. Of those, 27 were rated of good quality, three fair and none poor using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. In general, non-MAP was positively associated with HRUHC for all three medication classes and most prominently for bisphosphonates, although the relationships differed across HRUHC components and medication classes. The meta-analysis found that non-MAP was associated with increased hospital cost (26%, p = 0.02), outpatient cost (10%, p = 0.01), and total medical cost excluding pharmacy cost (12%, p<0.00001) for antidepressants, and increased total healthcare cost (3%, p = 0.07) for bisphosphonates.

Conclusions

This systematic literature review is the first to compare the impact of non-MAP on HRUHC across medications for three prevalent conditions, depression, osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. Positive relationships between non-MAP and HRUHC highlight inefficiencies within the healthcare system related to non-MAP, suggesting a need to reduce non-MAP in a cost-effective way.
Does individual advocacy work?: A research and evaluation protocol for a youth anti-sex trafficking program
Authors: Twis Mary K. , Cimino Andrea , Files Morgan
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Thousands of youth are sexually trafficked each year worldwide. Increased public attention to the commercial sexual exploitation (CSE) of children has resulted in the rapid deployment of hybrid community public health and social service programs for these vulnerable youth. Research on the effectiveness of these advocacy programs is lacking, particularly whether they decrease psychosocial distress and increase readiness to leave CSE.

Methods and analysis

Cisgender girls under age 18 at the time of CSE, and who were identified as at-risk for sex trafficking revictimization, were included in an evaluation of an anti-trafficking advocacy program in the North Texas region of the United States. The program includes crisis response, case management, referral, and mentoring services in collaboration with multi-disciplinary team (MDT) responses to identified youth sex trafficking. Case management notes, needs assessments and individualized treatment plans were collected at intake and every 30 days until study conclusion. Standardized surveys, including the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the Coping Self-Efficacy Scale, and the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment (URICA) were collected at intake and every 180 days until the study concluded. Analyses included descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, chi-square, multivariate linear and logistic regressions, Poisson regressions, and latent profile analysis.

Ethics and dissemination

This study was approved by the Texas Christian University’s Institutional Review Board (IRB). Results of this study will be presented to the scientific community at conferences and in peer-reviewed journals and non-scholarly outlets such as public health and social service conferences.
Prevalence and factors associated with inappropriate anti- diabetic medication therapy among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at the medical and surgical wards of Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda
Authors: Nigussie Konjit Abebe , Shegena Efrata Ashuro , Stephen Obwoya Paul , Namugambe Juliet Sanyu , Yadesa Tadele Mekuriya
Published: June 2022

Background

Inappropriate Anti-diabetic Medication Therapy (IADT) refers to a drug-related problem and includes ‘ineffective drug therapy’, ‘unnecessary drug therapy’, ‘dosage too high’, and ‘dosage too low’. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with IADT among T2DM patients at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda (MRRH).

Method

A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the medical and surgical wards of MRRH from November 2021 to January 2022. One hundred and thirty-eight adult patients aged 18 years and above, with T2DM, were recruited using consecutive sampling. Patient file reviews and interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The data were entered into and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive analysis was employed to describe the population and determine the prevalence of IADT. Types of IADTs were identified using Cipolle’s DRP classification tool. A univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors significantly associated with IADT. The P-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant at 95% confidence interval.

Results

A total of 138 hospitalized T2DM patients were studied. Eighty (58.0%) were females, and 70 (50.7%) were ≥ 60 years of age. Out of a total of 138 participants, 97 experienced at least one IADT, with an estimated prevalence of 70.3%. ‘Dosage too high’ (29.2%) and ‘dosage too low’ (27.9%) were the most common type of IADTs. Age ≥ 60 years (AOR, 8.44; 95% CI, 2.09–10.90; P-value = 0.003), T2DM duration of < 1 year (AOR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.11–0.35; P-value = 0.019), and HbA1c of < 7% (AOR, 9.97; 95% CI, 2.34–13.57; P-value = 0.002) were found to be factors significantly associated with the occurrence of IADTs.

Conclusion

The overall prevalence of inappropriate anti-diabetic medication therapy among T2DM patients admitted to medical and surgical wards of MRRH was 70.3%. The most common type of IADT in this study was ‘dosage too high’, accounting for almost one-third followed by ‘dosage too low’ accounting for a quarter of total IADTs. Age greater or equal to 60 years, T2DM duration of < 1 year, and HbA1c of < 7% during the current admission were found to be factors significantly associated with the occurrence of IADTs in hospitalized T2DM patients.
High-flow nasal cannula failure in critically ill cancer patients with acute respiratory failure: Moving from avoiding intubation to avoiding delayed intubation
Authors: Saillard Colombe , Lambert Jérôme , Tramier Morgane , Chow-Chine Laurent , Bisbal Magali , Servan Luca , Gonzalez Frederic , de Guibert Jean-Manuel , Faucher Marion , Sannini Antoine , Mokart Djamel
Published: June 2022

Background

High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is increasingly used in critically ill cancer patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) to avoid mechanical ventilation (MV). The objective was to assess prognostic factors associated with mortality in ICU cancer patients requiring MV after HFNC failure, and to identify predictive factors of intubation.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study from 2012–2016 in a cancer referral center. All consecutive onco-hematology adult patients admitted to the ICU treated with HFNC were included. HFNC failure was defined by intubation requirement.

Results

202 patients were included, 104 successfully treated with HFNC and 98 requiring intubation. ICU and hospital mortality rates were 26.2% (n = 53) and 42.1% (n = 85) respectively, and 53.1% (n = 52) and 68.4% (n = 67) in patients requiring MV. Multivariate analysis identified 4 prognostic factors of hospital mortality after HFNC failure: complete/partial remission (OR = 0.2, 95%CI = 0.04–0.98, p<0.001) compared to patients with refractory/relapse disease (OR = 3.73, 95%CI = 1.08–12.86), intubation after day 3 (OR = 7.78, 95%CI = 1.44–41.96), number of pulmonary quadrants involved on chest X-ray (OR = 1.93, 95%CI = 1.14–3.26, p = 0.01) and SAPSII at ICU admission (OR = 1.06, 95%CI = 1–1.12, p = 0.019). Predictive factors of intubation were the absence of sepsis (sHR = 0.32, 95%CI = 0.12–0.74, p = 0.0087), Sp02<95% 15 minutes after HFNC initiation (sHR = 2.05, 95%CI = 1.32–3.18, p = 0.0014), number of quadrants on X-ray (sHR = 1.73, 95%CI = 1.46–2.06, p<0.001), Fi02>60% at HFNC initiation (sHR = 3.12, 95%CI = 2.06–4.74, p<0.001) and SAPSII at ICU admission (sHR = 1.03, 95%CI = 1.02–1.05, p<0.01).

Conclusion

Duration of HFNC may be predictive of an excess mortality in ARF cancer patients. Early warning scores to predict HFNC failure are needed to identify patients who would benefit from early intubation.