bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Agricultural Labour Migration Due to COVID-19 on Income and Employment: A Case Study in Mahabubnagar District of Telangana
Authors: Muneer Shaik , Swamy D. Kumara , Lavanya T. , Supriya K.
Published: June 2022

The present study was undertaken to examine the income and employment levels of migrant agricultural labourers during the COVID-19 pandemic period and its preceding normal period. The study was based on primary level survey conducted in Mahabubnagar district of Telangana state. Various tools like tabular analysis were employed for the analysis of data.Income levels of migrant agricultural labourers who were migrated for farm activities during COVID-19 pandemic when compared to before pandemic were compared in the study.

The labourers those who were migrated for farm activities earned an average income of Rs.20,126.90 before the pandemic and it has increased to Rs.30,740.83 per year. Whereas among those who migrated to non-farm activities, during the pandemic when compared to before pandemic were earning  an average income of Rs.2,03,274.02 and it was decreased to Rs.1,32,824.98 per year. During the pandemic, some migrant agricultural labourers who migrated to both farm and non-farm activities were earned an average income of Rs.1,32,652.54 and regarding the employment levels of migrant agricultural labourers those who migrated for farm activities before and during the pandemic were for an average number of days of 48.60 man days and it was increased to 59.83 man days per year. Whereas among those who migrated to non-farm activities, during the pandemic were employed for an average number of days of 307.76 and it was decreased to 221.99 per year during the pandemic. Certain policy measures suggested from the study such as migrants should be treated as a special work group and all the required facilities such as EPF, Ration Cards and Insurance facilities etc, are to be provided to prevent the decline in standard of living and moreover during the pandemic times minimum wage act should be strictly implemented and should focus on financial inclusion.
A Study of the Accounting Impact of the New Standard on Debt Restructuring
Authors: Yiyang Lei
Published: June 2022

After the introduction of the new standard on debt restructuring in 2019, this article analyzes the motivation of debt restructuring, compares the differences between the old and new standards on debt restructuring and analyzes the different effects of the new and old standards on the accounting treatment of creditors and debtors with case data, and finally proposes corresponding suggestions for some of the problems existing in the new standard.
Communicative Relations in the Educational Environment: Exploration of Parents’ Views on Communicative Relations with the School Principal
Authors: Theodoros Eleftherakis , Christini Botonaki , Evaggelia Kalerante , Andromachi Kaspiri , Calliope Tsantali
Published: June 2022

This study delves into the issue of parent – teacher communication and the relations formed in the educational environment with emphasis on the parents’ views about the relation between parents and educational leadership. The thorough literature review provides both theoretical and research dimensions which form the frame of our research process in the specific field. In this respect, our study utilizes the semi-structured interview as a methodological tool. The case study focuses on Crete, a Greek island in the south of the country. The interview results document and analyze the views of 18 parents, 5 of which are members of the Parents and Guardians Association. Their views are classified in terms of: 1) the reasons, ways and frequency of their communication with the school principal, 2) the quality of communication and possible factors of negative impact on their communication and 3) the school principal’s communicative profile along with their features that promote or hinder their communication with parents.

Our research data showed that: 1) the communication with the school principal is rare, non-systematic, unscheduled while the main reasons for communication are problem management and solving, 2) there is positive communication in the frame of a conventional, neutral or weak relation with the principal. The main factors of negative impact on communication are: a) parents’ previous negative experiences, their disappointment due to insufficient information provision from the Principal, c) their comparisons and subjective perceptions about principal effectiveness, d) their goal for more frequent and systematic communication with the classroom teacher. Finally, 3) it was found that the majority of parents have positive views about the principal’s communicative profile meaning that the principal’s skills and personality features outweigh any other factors regarding the promotion of communication between the two sides.
Simulation and Optimization of a Greenhouse-Type Solar Dryer with Comsol Multiphysics
Authors: Daouda Karidioula , Youssouf Koné Kisselmina , Marie-Sandrine Kouakou Lébé Prisca , Jonas Andji-Yapi Yao , Emmanuel Assidjo Nogbou , Albert Trokourey , Jean-Claude Laguerre
Published: June 2022

Solar drying remains for developing African countries the only economical means of preserving foodstuffs for which post-harvest losses sometimes reach 60%.

It was modeled in this work, the different elements that constitute a solar drying system by natural convection. This model is described by heat, mass and momentum balance equations between the different exchange media.

The model initially made it possible to describe the dynamic behavior and calorific value of greenhouse-type solar dryers.

The optimization study through simulations also made it possible to compare the drying power of more than 180 solar dryers. The analysis of the simulation results gave the dryer a small size (h = 2.5 m and l = 3 m) with large identical openings (inlet = loutlet = 25 cm) positioned at the two extremes: bottom for the inlet (Ye = 0.1 m) and high for the air outlet (Ys = 1.65 m), as an energy-efficient dryer (Taverage = 50.73 oC). The fluidity of the air (Vaverage = 0.58 m.s-1) in this dryer is also remarkable and could be used for drying food products.
Procedural and Clinical Outcomes in Management of Left Main Coronary Artery Bifurcational Lesions
Authors: Morsy Adel Mohamed , Abdelaal Mohamed Ahmed , Alamrousy Mahmoud Zaky , Elsetiha Mohamed Alsayed , Elmasry Magdy Mohamed
Published: June 2022

Background: Around 20% of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) are used to treat coronary bifurcation syndromes. Technical success was defined as successfully bridging the occluded portion with a wire and balloon and reopening the artery with a 40% residual stenosis in all views. Technical success is defined by the absence of a serious adverse cardiac event throughout the hospital stay (MACE). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the procedural and clinical results associated with LM bifurcational intervention.

Methods: A controlled study was carried out on 100 patients eligible to Left Main bifurcational intervention were included. the patients were divided into two groups according to the stenting technique used, the provisional group (n=70) who managed with one stent strategy, and the non-provisional group (n=30) who managed with a double kissing crush, culotte, T stenting, or TAP technique. This study recorded the incidence of MACE: death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or target lesion revascularizations were recorded at 6 and 12 months of follow-up.

Results: It is insignificantly different mortality incidence between the 2 groups but non-fatal myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, re-PTCA, and target lesion revascularizations were significantly increased in the non-provisional group. As regards clinical success in 2 groups, this study found 68 patients in the provisional group and 24 patients in the non-provisional group fulfilled the characteristics of clinical success.

Conclusions: In LM-bifurcational intervention, there is a significant increase in the incidence of MACE in the non-provisional group and so the clinical outcome is better in the provisional stenting than the non-provisional stenting.
Analysis of Rainfall Probabilities and Crop Planning for Different Districts of Chhattisgarh
Authors: Sahu Twinkle , Chaudhary J. L. , Sahu Khilesh Kumar
Published: June 2022

Rainfall data of 17 districts in Chhattisgarh state has been used to determine the quantity of rainfall at different probability levels through incomplete gamma distribution.  Bastar has the highest total annual rainfall, with 1090.0 mm, 1247.5 mm, and 1440.0 mm, respectively, at 90 percent, 75 percent, and 50 percent likelihood levels. Sukma district has the highest total annual rainfall with 1696.6 mm and 1955.3 mm at the 25% and 10% probability levels, respectively. At 90 percent and 75 percent probability levels, Bilaspur district has the lowest total annual rainfall of 300.8 mm and 542.8 mm, respectively. Kabirdham district has the lowest total annual rainfall at 50%, 25%, and 10% likelihood levels, with 983.1 mm, 1126.4 mm, and 1267.0 mm, respectively. Sukma district has the most rainfall (1466.6 mm) while Kabirdham district has the least (996.1 mm). Crop planning strategies have been designed in several districts of C.G. based on probability analysis. Potential crops are found by examining the appropriate agro-ecosystem, and suitable recommended types for production in various places are indicated. Only the inclusion of maize and sugarcane crops in cropping systems is being criticized.
Effect of Organic Fertilizers on the Soil Properties and Bacterial Communities of Marigold Rhizosphere Soil
Authors: Taropi K. , Mahanta S. , Talukdar M. C. , Saikia P. , Borah N.
Published: June 2022

The investigation was undertaken to study the impact of different organic inputs on the soil properties of African marigold rhizosphere soil. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for RBD with three replications was carried out using OPSTAT. The present investigation was conducted in experimental farm, Department of Horticulture, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, between 2020-2021. The African marigold variety ‘Seracole’ was chosen for the experiment consisting of 7 treatment combinations with one treatment comprising of the recommended dose of fertilizers and the other six treatment comprising of various organic manures, rock phosphate with a consortium of Azotobacter, Azospirillum and PSB. It was observed that T7 {Enriched compost (5 t/ha)} exhibited the highest values for soil pH, soil moisture content, organic Carbon, available Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Microbial Biomass Carbon and various soil enzymes followed by T3 {Vermicompost (5t/ha) + Rock phosphate (100 kg/ha) + Microbial consortium}. Considering the positive effect on growth, yield, quality and soil health, T3 and T7 both can be considered best for adopting at the field level to reap good economic yield accompanied by better quality and sustainable soil health.
An Update on Hydrocephalus Research
Authors: Song Hujie , Yang Fan , Zhang Ling , Wang Xing , Du Xiaogang
Published: June 2022

Hydrocephalus is a common neurological disease caused by imbalance in the production and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or obstruction of its circulation pathways. The etiology of the disease is complex, often accompanied by a variety of complication. In recent years, hydrocephalus has been intensively studied. In this paper, the etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of hydrocephalus in study on traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment were reviewed in order to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of hydrocephalus in the future.
Evaluation of Results of Internal Fixation of Base Fifth Metatarsal Fractures
Authors: Motawea Hesham Gamal , Emran Ali Mahmoud , Eltantawy Ahmed Elsayed , Fadel Moheb Eldeen Ahmed
Published: June 2022

Background: The fifth metatarsal base fracture is a quite frequent fracture, occurring at a rate of 6 per 100,000 yearly. Fractures of the metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction (Jones fractures) have a higher rate of non-union and occasionally do require surgery. This research aimed to assess the findings of surgical treatment of a recent fracture base of 5th metatarsal in adults’ zone II, III by percutaneous intramedullary cannulated cancellous screws (4 mm and 6.5mm).

Methods: This prospective case series research was involved 21 adult patients with recent trauma and closed base of 5th metatarsal fractures. All participants were subjected to laboratory study, methods of radiological evaluation [Antero-posterior aspect of the foot, oblique aspect of the foot].

Results: AOFAS score was significantly different among age groups at 2 months and insignificantly different at 6 months. AOFAS score was insignificantly different between both sexes.

Conclusions: Percutaneous intramedullary cannulated cancellous screws fixation of base 5th metatarsal fractures with a cannulated cancellous screw 4mm,6.5mm has a high union rate (100%) with early mobilization and return to work and daily activity without need to do below knee cast or slab, so it decreases post cast stiffness rate. It also increases rate of union and healing by doing compression of the fracture site using the cannulated cancellous screw and keeping hematoma without evacuation. Using of larger screws in diameter like 6.5 mm to be fit in the medulla, is more beneficial than 4 mm screws.
Pregnancy (Maternal and Fetal) Outcome in Women Who Used Smokeless Tobacco: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Memon Shehreen , Channa Sanam , Hameed Nadia , Bibi Yasmeen , Chohan Muhammad Nadeem
Published: June 2022

Aim: To assess the pregnancy (maternal and fetal) outcome in pregnant women who used smokeless tobacco in tertiary care hospital.

Study Design: A cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LUMHS, Jamshoro/Hyderabad from August 2016 to February 2017.

Methodology: Total 169 pregnant women who used smokeless tobacco (gutka, paan, naswar, mainpuri) were included. General examination was performed. Laboratory investigations were ordered for complete blood counts. Ultrasonography was performed for gestational age and fetal weight. We calculated descriptive statistics. The stratification was completed. After stratification, the Chi-square test was used.

Results: Mean gestational age was 29.15±8.80 weeks. Mean birth weight was 1.96±0.81Kg. Among smokeless tobacco, 24.3% used Paan, 18.9% used Gutka, 23.7% used naswar and 47.3% used mainpuri. Mean duration of use of smokeless tobacco was 32.94±17.63 months. 62.1% have low weight birth and 34.3% have still birth. 28.4% had spontaneous abortion, 58% had anemia and 34.9% had premature delivery.

Conclusion: This study concludes that mothers who used smokeless tobacco had a higher rate of abortion, preterm delivery, stillbirth, and delivery of low birth weight newborns.
ACORDO DE ALCÂNTARA E O DESENVOLVIMENTISMO OCULTO DOS ESTADOS UNIDOS
Authors: Pereira Bojikian Neusa Maria , Pasquariello Mariano Karina L. , Forti Thomaz Laís
Published: June 2022

A preocupação com o setor espacial brasileiro está inserida em um debate mais amplo sobre a promoção do desenvolvimento econômico, base para melhor inserção internacional do país. Utilizando revisão de literatura e estudo de caso, verificou-se que houve historicamente uma variação na disposição dos governos brasileiros em aderir à ideologia econômica defendida pelos EUA, sem levar em conta que este país apresenta elementos desenvolvimentistas, atuando como agente de transferência e difusão de novas tecnologias.  O objetivo é demonstrar que o Acordo de Salvaguardas Tecnológicas (AST) é funcional à  estratégia do governo norte-americano de promover o desenvolvimento com participação  velada do Estado. Por sua vez, isso tende a representar importantes limitações à  implementação da política espacial no Brasil. Infere-se que o AST é um instrumento por meio  do qual o governo dos EUA procura mitigar os riscos regulatórios aos quais estão submetidas empresas do país e alavancar a competitividade de sua base industrial.
JATARISHUN: indigenous peasant uprisings of Ecuador and Good Living
Authors: Da Silva Araujo Larissa , Reis da Silva Ana Tereza
Published: June 2022

This article analyzes the Indigenous Peasant Movements (IPM) of Ecuador as a social force and political actor. By proposing an alternative to the Ecuadorian crisis based on the Sumak  Kawsay (Good Living) values, the IPM expand democratic spaces and  formulate an extended sense of  citizenship. The text focuses on the  events of the 2019 national strike in  Ecuador, in retrospective dialogue with  previous uprisings. It draws on the  testimonies of the Kayambi people,  collected before and after the strike, in  semi-structured interviews, and  ethnographic work. Results show that  the memory of previous struggles was  an essential motivation for the emergence of the uprisings. Besides,  unity and solidarity among rural actors and other sectors of Ecuadorian  society were the basis for the strike’s  strength and power. Finally, in dialogue with the Emancipatory Rural Politics,  the article contributes to critical  approaches to the role of indigenous  peasant peoples in struggles for life  alternatives.
AS MULTITERRITORIALIDADES DAS MULHERES E O MUNDO DO TRABALHO
Authors: Schenato Paloma Morais , Santos Mauro Augusto dos
Published: June 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar e compreender a inserção e ascensão feminina no território do trabalho. Como metodologia, o trabalho utiliza a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram tentativas de se minimizar o impacto provocado pela dificuldade de as mulheres ocuparem cargos de liderança. Apesar dos esforços, o que se verifica é que um número muito pequeno de mulheres ocupa postos estratégicos dentro das organizações. As multiterritorialidades vivenciadas pelas mulheres – de bases patriarcais – são apontadas como um dos grandes entraves a sua ascensão profissional. O baixo número de mulheres entre os cargos mais altos das organizações traz, para essas, perdas de conhecimento humano e do valor econômico a ele associado. Para a mulher, traz perdas pessoais relacionadas a sua satisfação profissional e financeira.
Desigualdade e mulheres: perspectivas interdisciplinares sobre o Programa Bolsa Família
Authors: Mioto Regina Célia Tamaso
Published: June 2022

As notícias dos jornais que nos acompanham nesses dias tristes, incertos e sombrios do outono de 2021 determinaram a urgência e a necessidade de trazer a público, por meio da resenha deste livro — Women, Gender, and Conditional Cash Transfers — a importância de se manter aceso o debate acerca das transferências monetárias de renda. Um objetivo perquirido pelas organizadoras que se propõem a contribuir para a reflexão, tanto no Brasil quanto em outros países, à medida que buscam imprimir uma análise atualizada do Programa Bolsa Família sob a ótica feminista em perspectiva ampliada.
MODA, FEMINILIDADE E CONTROLE SOCIAL: O DISCURSO DE OPRESSÃO DISSEMINADO PELA COMUNICAÇÃO DIGITAL DA MARCA GUCCI
Authors: Novelli Daniela , Moraes Gabriele da Silva
Published: June 2022

O presente artigo objetiva identificar o discurso de opressão feminina na comunicação digital da marca Gucci. Realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre métodos de controle social aplicados às mulheres; moda e opressão feminina e posicionamento de marca de moda, com ênfase na grife e sua relação com o rompimento ou a manutenção de padrões hegemônicos de gênero. Procedeu-se uma pesquisa documental, descritiva e qualitativa, pautada em análise semiótica de imagens selecionadas do site da marca, a partir do método de Martine Joly. Os resultados apontaram que o discurso de desconstrução de padrões de gênero analisado é limitado, sobretudo no que tange às representações sociais das mulheres, pois os métodos de controle femininos continuam sendo reverberados pela grife, considerada referência para marcas de moda. Em conclusão, espera-se que esta pesquisa estimule reflexões sobre o papel da moda contemporânea na construção discursiva da libertação feminina.Palavras–chave: Opressão. Gênero. Semiótica. Gucci. Libertação feminina.
Evaluation of the Molecular Landscape of Pediatric Thyroid Nodules and Use of a Multigene Genomic Classifier in Children
Authors: Gallant Jean-Nicolas , Chen Sheau-Chiann , Ortega Carlos A. , Rohde Sarah L. , Belcher Ryan H. , Netterville James L. , Baregamian Naira , Wang Huiying , Liang Jiancong , Ye Fei , Nikiforov Yuri E. , Nikiforova Marina N. , Weiss Vivian L.
Published: June 2022

Importance

Definitive diagnosis of a thyroid nodule in a child is obtained through diagnostic surgery. This is problematic because pediatric thyroid surgery is associated with higher rates of complications. In adults, preoperative molecular testing improves the management of thyroid nodules, but this has not been validated in children.

Objective

To determine whether the molecular landscape of pediatric thyroid nodules is amenable to detection by a multigene genomic classifier (GC) test (ThyroSeq v3; Sonic Healthcare USA).

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a retrospective consecutive case series and GC testing of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues from sequential pediatric thyroidectomies performed between January 2003 and December 2019 at a single tertiary academic medical center. The study included 95 patients (median [range] age, 16.3 [4.8 to 21.1] years; 75 [79%] female) who underwent surgery for a thyroid nodule.

Interventions

A total of 118 thyroid nodule samples (95 FFPE, 23 companion FNAs) yielded informative next-generation sequencing data and multigene GC.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the determination of the pediatric thyroid molecular landscape. The secondary outcome was the diagnostic accuracy of the GC test for pediatric thyroid nodules.

Results

Of the 95 patients, 75 (79%) were female, and the median (IQR) age was 16.3 (14.0-17.3) years. Next-generation sequencing confirmed the unique molecular landscape of malignant pediatric thyroid nodules (compared with adults), which is dominated by gene fusions (most commonly RET and NTRK), rare BRAF/RAS alterations, and no TP53 or TERT promoter pathogenic variants. Several poorly differentiated thyroid cancers harbored DICER1 variants. Benign nodules appeared to be almost exclusively associated with TSHR and DICER1 alterations. The test demonstrated a 96% sensitivity (95% CI, 87%-99%) and 78% specificity (95% CI, 64%-88%). The negative predictive value was 95% (95% CI, 88%-98%) and the positive predictive value was 83% (95% CI, 74–89%). The concordance of GC between 23 pairs of matched FFPE and FNA tissues was 96%.

Conclusions and Relevance

The study results of this retrospective consecutive case series suggest that the molecular landscape of pediatric nodules is unique but remains amenable to molecular classification. The multigene GC test, with high sensitivity and reasonably high specificity, represents a potential addition to the diagnostic workup of children with thyroid nodules and may decrease the use of diagnostic surgery.
Syndromic and Nonsyndromic Obesity: Underlying Genetic Causes in Humans
Authors: Duis Jessica , Butler Merlin G.
Published: June 2022

Growing evidence supports syndromic and nonsyndromic causes of obesity, including genome‐wide association studies, candidate gene analysis, advanced genetic technology using next‐generation sequencing (NGS), and identification of copy number variants. Identification of susceptibility genes impacts mechanistic understanding and informs precision medicine. The cause of obesity is heterogeneous with complex biological processes playing a role by controlling peptides involved in regulating appetite and food intake, cellular energy, and metabolism. Evidence for heritability shows genetic components contributing to 40%–70% of obesity. Monogenic causes and obesity‐related syndromes are discussed and illustrated as well as biological pathways, gene interactions, and factors contributing to the obesity phenotype. Over 550 obesity‐related single genes have been identified and summarized in tabular form with approximately 20% of these genes have been added to obesity gene panels for testing by commercially available laboratories. Early studies show that about 10% of patients with severe obesity using NGS testing have a pathogenic gene variant. Discussion to help characterize gene–gene interactions and disease mechanisms for early diagnosis, treatment, and risk factors contributing to disease is incorporated in this review.
The Regulation of Triacylglycerol Metabolism and Lipoprotein Lipase Activity
Authors: Wen Yi , Chen Yan Q. , Konrad Robert J.
Published: June 2022

Triacylglycerol (TG) metabolism is tightly regulated to maintain a pool of TG within circulating lipoproteins that can be hydrolyzed in a tissue‐specific manner by lipoprotein lipase (LPL) to enable the delivery of fatty acids to adipose or oxidative tissues as needed. Elevated serum TG concentrations, which result from a deficiency of LPL activity or, more commonly, an imbalance in the regulation of tissue‐specific LPL activities, have been associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease through multiple studies. Among the most critical LPL regulators are the angiopoietin‐like (ANGPTL) proteins ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, and ANGPTL8, and a number of different apolipoproteins including apolipoprotein A5 (ApoA5), apolipoprotein C2 (ApoC2), and apolipoprotein C3 (ApoC3). These ANGPTLs and apolipoproteins work together to orchestrate LPL activity and therefore play pivotal roles in TG partitioning, hydrolysis, and utilization. This review summarizes the mechanisms of action, epidemiological findings, and genetic data most relevant to these ANGPTLs and apolipoproteins. The interplay between these important regulators of TG metabolism in both fasted and fed states is highlighted with a holistic view toward understanding key concepts and interactions. Strategies for developing safe and effective therapeutics to reduce circulating TG by selectively targeting these ANGPTLs and apolipoproteins are also discussed.
Molecular Packing and Charge Transport Behaviors of Semiconducting Polymers Over a Wide Temperature Range
Authors: Yang Longfei , Wu Yangjiang , Yan Yongkun , Wang Zhihui , Qiao Yanjun , Chang Dongdong , Zhang Cong , Wang Yang , Lu Xuefeng , Liu Yunqi , Zhao Yan
Published: June 2022

The molecular packing and resultant charge transport behaviors of semiconducting polymers are widely known to be temperature‐dependent. Due to the limitation of measurement methods, previous studies on molecular packing behavior have been mainly focused on a very limited temperature range, and therefore cannot support the understanding of charge transport behaviors. In this study, with a homemade temperature‐dependent grazing incidence XRD measurement chamber, the relationship between molecular packing structure and charge transport properties of diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based polymers is investigated across a wide temperature range of 98–623 K. Glass transition temperatures of the alkyl side‐chain and aromatic backbone are identified through the observation of clear transitions in the thermal expansion coefficients of d−d packing and π−π stacking, respectively. A correlation between the π−π stacking distance and charge transport properties is then established using an extended Miller−Abrahams model. The turning point of the charge transport and the failure of the polymer‐based devices are proved to be caused by packing structure changes due to increased temperatures. Such an examination over a wide range of temperatures improves the understanding of the charge transport properties of semiconducting polymers and helps construct thermally stable devices to be used in extreme conditions.
High‐Strength Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds with Minimal Surface Macrostructures for Load‐Bearing Bone Regeneration
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Ma Limin , Ji Xiongfa , He Yue , Cui Yue , Liu Xuemin , Xuan Chengkai , Wang Zhenxing , Yang Wei , Chai Muyuan , Shi Xuetao
Published: June 2022

Triply periodic minimum surfaces (TPMS), which outperform other structures in terms of bulk moduli and relative density, have been widely used to dramatically improve the mechanical strength of natural echinoderm skeletons and engineered scaffolds. Herein, TPMS‐structure‐based 3D‐printed hydroxyapatite (HAp) scaffolds to highly improve their limited mechanical strength and evaluate the underlying mechanism in terms of mechanical match and biological bone repair process as a bone regeneration scaffold are constructed. The results show that TPMS‐structure‐based HAp scaffolds have a greater compressive strength range that is sufficient to meet the strength requirements for human cortical and trabecular bone, and outperform traditional HAp scaffolds with Cross‐hatch structures in terms of compressive strength, cell density, and osteogenic differentiation. The reduction of stress concentration and open‐cell permeable structure of Split‐P scaffolds can benefit the generation and ingrowth of new bone after the in vivo implantation in the rabbit femur bone. Furthermore, RNA‐seq and immunochemistry staining results of in vivo samples unravel the bone repair mechanism in a time sequence. The optimized scaffolds with TPMS macrostructures and an in‐depth understanding of repair mechanisms will contribute to the development of bone regeneration materials that perform on par with load‐bearing bone.
Generation and Detection of Dresselhaus‐Like Spin Current in a Single‐Crystal Ferromagnetic Metal
Authors: Wang Wentao , Yan Ze , Cao Yang , Gao Cunxu , Shi Zhong , Si Mingsu , Cao Jiangwei , Xi Li , Yang Dezheng , Xue Desheng
Published: June 2022

Distinct from the existing spin–orbit torque devices to only generate Rashba‐like spin current, it is proposed to generate Dresselhaus‐like spin current based on a single‐crystal ferromagnetic metal. By employing the second harmonic Hall measurement, it is found that the second harmonic Hall signal in single‐crystal ferromagnet exhibits an antisymmetric angular dependence induced by Dresselhaus‐like spin current, opposite to the reported symmetric angular dependence induced by Rashba‐like spin current. Such anomalous Dresselhaus‐like spin current is further confirmed by the current‐induced shift of the hysteresis loop when the magnetic field is swept along the current direction. However, when the ferromagnetic metal exhibits amorphous crystal structure or polycrystal structure, the Dresselhaus‐like spin current is absent. This result complements the missing type of spin currents due to charge‐to‐spin conversion and benefits the formulation of comprehensive spin–orbit coupling mechanism, by considering additional broken symmetry caused by ferromagnetic order and the structure symmetry of the crystalline lattice.
Continuous Liquid Metal Printed 2D Transparent Conductive Oxide Superlattices
Authors: Ye Youxiong , Hamlin Andrew B. , Huddy Julia E. , Rahman Md Saifur , Scheideler William J.
Published: June 2022

2D conducting metal oxides offer unprecedented control of thin film electrostatics at the nanoscale. A scalable, rapid, and low‐cost approach is presented to printing transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) via spontaneous low‐temperature Cabrera‐Mott oxidation of compliant liquid metals. Repeating heterostructures of these 2D oxide layers are exploited to produce an exceptional, 100× increase in conductivity while simultaneously raising the visible range optical transmittance. This innovative approach employs defect modulation doping at the type I heterojunction between InOx/GaOx, exceeding the achievable performance with ITO, which is otherwise limited by poor dopant activation at low temperatures. The exceptional performance of these multilayer 2D TCO superlattices exceeds that of competing TCOs printed from sol‐gels and nanoparticles, establishing a 100× faster process to fabricate flexible inorganic electronics.
Simultaneous Enhancement of Piezoelectricity and Temperature Stability in KNN‐Based Lead‐Free Ceramics Via Layered Distribution of Dopants
Authors: Song Aizhen , Liu Yixuan , Feng Tianyi , Li Haitao , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wang Xuping , Liu Lisha , Zhang Bo‐Ping , Li Jing‐Feng
Published: June 2022

The past two decades have seen a great enhancement of piezoelectric coefficients (d33) to higher than 570 pC/N in (K, Na)NbO3 (KNN) piezoelectrics, but one notoriously unresolved issue is their severe temperature instability, obstructing them toward practical applications. The present work demonstrates a facile approach to overcome this problem by introducing a layered distribution of key dopants (Li and Sb) in a monolithic ceramic, featuring stepwise varied polymorphic phase transition (PPT) temperatures along the thickness direction. The dopant‐graded ceramic exhibits an outstanding d33 of 508 pC/N and a very large piezoelectric strain (Suni, of 0.18%). More importantly, an excellent temperature stability (d33 variation within 13% over the temperature range of 25–150 °C) is achieved, which is superior to that of most state‐of‐art KNN counterparts. These are attributed to the construction of spatially diffused PPT in combination with enhanced polarization, permittivity, and piezoresponse through interfacial effect, including the Maxwell–Wagner effect and intergranular stress by gradient doping. The results offer an alternative strategy for designing high‐performance piezoelectric materials with desirable temperature reliability.
Geometric Phase and Localized Heat Diffusion
Authors: Qi Minghong , Wang Dong , Cao Pei‐Chao , Zhu Xue‐Feng , Qiu Cheng‐Wei , Chen Hongsheng , Li Ying
Published: June 2022

Many unusual wave phenomena in artificial structures are governed by their topological properties. However, the topology of diffusion remains almost unexplored. One reason is that diffusion is fundamentally different from wave propagation because of its purely dissipative nature. The other is that the diffusion field is mostly composed of modes that extend over wide ranges, making it difficult to be rendered within the tight‐binding theory as commonly employed in wave physics. Here, the above challenges are overcome and systematic studies are performed on the topology of heat diffusion. Based on a continuum model, the band structure and geometric phase are analytically obtained without using the tight‐binding approximation. A deterministic parameter is found to link the geometric phase with the edge state, thereby proving the bulk‐boundary correspondence for heat diffusion. The topological edge state is experimentally demonstrated as localized heat diffusion and its dependence on the boundary conditions is verified. This approach is general, rigorous, and able to reveal rich knowledge about the system with great accuracy. The findings set up a solid foundation to explore the topology in novel thermal management applications.
How to Change the Reaction Chemistry on Nonprecious Metal Oxide Nanostructure Materials for Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Biomass‐Derived Glycerol to Renewable Chemicals
Authors: Oh Lee Seul , Park Minseon , Park Yoo Sei , Kim Youngmin , Yoon Wongeun , Hwang Jeemin , Lim Eunho , Park Jong Hyeok , Choi Sung Mook , Seo Min Ho , Kim Won Bae , Kim Hyung Ju
Published: June 2022

Au and Pt are well‐known catalysts for electrocatalytic oxidation of biomass‐derived glycerol. Although some nonprecious‐metal‐based materials to replace the costly Au and Pt are used for this reaction, the fundamental question of how the nonprecious catalysts affect the reaction chemistry and mechanism compared to Au and Pt catalysts is still unanswered. In this work, both experimental and computational methods are used to understand how and why the reaction performance and chemistry for the electrocatalytic glycerol oxidation reaction (EGOR) change with electrochemically‐synthesized CuCo‐oxide, Cu‐oxide, and Co‐oxide catalysts compared to conventional Au and Pt catalysts. The Au and Pt catalysts generate major glyceric acid and glycolic acid products from the EGOR. Interestingly, the prepared Cu‐based oxides produce glycolic acid and formic acid with high selectivity of about 90.0%. This different reaction chemistry is related to the enhanced ability of CC bond cleavage on the Cu‐based oxide materials. The density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the formic acids are mainly formed on the Cu‐based oxide surfaces rather than in the process of glycolic acid formation in the free energy diagram. This study provides critical scientific insights into developing future nonprecious‐based materials for electrochemical biomass conversions.
Drug in Drug: A Host–Guest Formulation of Azocalixarene with Hydroxychloroquine for Synergistic Anti‐Inflammation
Authors: Li Shihui , Ma Rong , Hu Xin‐Yue , Li Hua‐Bin , Geng Wen‐Chao , Kong Xianglei , Zhang Chao , Guo Dong‐Sheng
Published: June 2022

Macrocyclic delivery and therapeutics are two significant topics in supramolecular biomedicine. The functional integration of these topics would open new avenues for treating diseases synergistically. However, these two individual topics have only been occasionally merged, probably because of the lack of functionalized design of macrocyclic host and the lack of efficient recognition between host and guest drugs. Herein, a “drug‐in‐drug” strategy is proposed, in which an active drug is encapsulated by a macrocycle possessing therapeutic activity to form a multifunctional supramolecular active pharmaceutical ingredient. As a proof‐of‐concept, a complex of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) with sulfonated azocalix[4]arene (HCQ@SAC4A) is prepared to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a combined fashion. SAC4A is a therapeutic agent that exhibits scavenging capacity for reactive oxygen species and exerts an anti‐inflammatory effect. It is also a hypoxia‐responsive carrier that can deliver HCQ directly to the inflammatory articular cavity. Consequently, HCQ@SAC4A achieves the synergistic anti‐inflammatory effect on both inflamed RAW 264.7 cells and RA rats. This effect is attributed to the temporal and spatial consistency of the two active ingredients of the complex. As a new paradigm for combinational therapy, the drug‐in‐drug strategy advances in easy preparation, mix‐and‐match combination, and precise ratiometric control.
Tailor‐Made Multi‐Resonance Terminal Emitters toward Narrowband, High‐Efficiency, and Stable Hyperfluorescence Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lee Yi‐Ting , Chan Chin‐Yiu , Tanaka Masaki , Mamada Masashi , Goushi Kenichi , Tang Xun , Tsuchiya Youichi , Nakanotani Hajime , Adachi Chihaya
Published: June 2022

Multi‐resonance emitters (MREs) are a promising candidate for fulfilling the harsh requirements of display applications due to their unique photophysical properties. Recently, MREs have been widely used as a terminal emitter in hyperfluorescence organic light‐emitting diodes (HF‐OLEDs); however, since MREs are always thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF)‐active, possessing long triplet lifetimes in millisecond order, they result in severe chemical degradation. Instead of shortening the delayed lifetime of MREs by molecular design, herein, a low‐triplet pyrene unit is introduced into an MRE scaffold to achieve narrowband emission and quick removal of triplets in MREs simultaneously. Blue HF‐OLED based on the non‐TADF MRE demonstrates a high external quantum efficiency of 20% and a tenfold improvement in stability, compared to those of the HF‐OLEDs with standard MREs. An opposite direction of molecular design of MREs for the sophisticated exciton generation and transfer system in HF‐OLEDs is proposed to enhance device lifetime without sacrificing color purity and efficiency.
A Flexible Artificial Sensory Nerve Enabled by Nanoparticle‐Assembled Synaptic Devices for Neuromorphic Tactile Recognition
Authors: Jiang Chengpeng , Liu Jiaqi , Yang Lu , Gong Jiangdong , Wei Huanhuan , Xu Wentao
Published: June 2022

Tactile perception enabled by somatosensory system in human is essential for dexterous tool usage, communication, and interaction. Imparting tactile recognition functions to advanced robots and interactive systems can potentially improve their cognition and intelligence. Here, a flexible artificial sensory nerve that mimics the tactile sensing, neural coding, and synaptic processing functions in human sensory nerve is developed to achieve neuromorphic tactile recognition at device level without relying on algorithms or computing resources. An interfacial self‐assembly technique, which produces uniform and defect‐less thin film of semiconductor nanoparticles on arbitrary substrates, is employed to prepare the flexible synaptic device. The neural facilitation and sensory memory characteristics of the proton‐gating synaptic device enable this system to identify material hardness during robotic grasping and recognize tapping patterns during tactile interaction in a continuous, real‐time, high‐accuracy manner, demonstrating neuromorphic intelligence and recognition capabilities. This artificial sensory nerve produced in wearable and portable form can be readily integrated with advanced robots and smart human–machine interfaces for implementing human‐like tactile cognition in neuromorphic electronics toward robotic and wearable applications.
High Spectral‐Rejection‐Ratio Narrowband Photodetectors Based on Perovskite Heterojunctions
Authors: Wang Xin , Pan Yuzhu , Xu Yubing , Zhao Jingda , Li Yuwei , Li Qing , Chen Jing , Zhao Zhiwei , Zhang Xiaobing , Elemike Elias E. , Onwudiwe Damian C. , Bae Byung Seong , Lei Wei
Published: June 2022

Narrowband photodetection provides important information in a specific wavelength range. Specially, the use of nonoptical‐filter narrowband photodetectors based on MAPbX3 (MA = CH3NH3; X = Cl, Br, I) perovskites is reported of great potential. However, current MAPbX3‐based narrowband photodetectors have to sacrifice their photocurrent and response speed to achieve an acceptable spectral rejection ratio. In this work, a new type of heterojunction photodetector (hetero‐PD) with a structure of (n‐type doped MAPbCl3)/(intrinsic MAPbBr2.5Cl0.5)/(n‐type doped MAPbBr3) via epitaxial growth is demonstrated as a narrowband photodetector. Through optical bandgap engineering, photons with different wavelength can be absorbed in different layers. Owing to the n–i–n energy band structure, most external bias would apply on a tiny region near the n–i heterojunction. Besides, the energy barriers in the heterojunctions can block holes from injection and collection, resulting in low‐noise electron‐only hetero‐PDs. By sufficiently suppressing the background noise from short‐wavelength photons, hetero‐PDs are capable of achieving a high spectral rejection ratio of 98.1% under an electrical field of 8 V cm−1. Moreover, hetero‐PDs exhibit a high external quantum efficiency value of 45%, a narrow full width at half‐maximum of 13 nm, and a response time of 1.35 µs.
Restrictions on leader length in an in‐river sport fishery reduce catch of threatened wild chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and increase harvest of hatchery origin chinook
Authors: Losee James P.
Published: June 2022

To achieve conservation and harvest objectives associated with Chinook Salmon, fisheries managers have relied on mark‐selective and anti‐snagging rules in freshwater whereby anglers are required to release wild Chinook and fish hooked in anatomical locations other than the head and mouth. However, in some cases these regulations have resulted in increased mortalities due to the number of fish (hatchery and wild) that require release. Regulations effective at increasing the number of fish hooked in the mouth have the potential to decrease total encounters (number of fish caught) of both hatchery and wild fish while increasing the total number of fish harvested; however, this has not been tested. A roving creel survey and a test fishery were used to describe the effect leader length and bait under a bobber has on catch rate and hooking location and simulate how a variety of restrictions on gear type would affect catch and harvest on wild and hatchery origin Chinook salmon. Results indicate that a 6‐foot leader length restriction would result in the highest catch of hatchery fish harvested and reduce exploitation rate on wild fish by greater than 20%. Regulations limiting leader length to 3 feet are expected to result in the greatest reduction (75.7%) to total encounters on wild fish; however, this method was unpopular and resulted in few hatchery fish harvested. The use of bait suspended under a bobber resulted in intermediate results with a reduction of 60.0% to catch of wild Chinook and the smallest number hooked outside the mouth (0/30). These results provide the first evaluation of the effect of leader length in a mark‐selective hook and line fishery and suggest that a 6‐foot leader length restriction would be expected to reduce encounters on wild Chinook, increase harvest of hatchery fish and extend the fishing season.
In situ coupling of lignin‐derived carbon‐encapsulated CoFe‐CoxN heterojunction for oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Lin Xuliang , Liu Jianglin , Wu Linjun , Chen Liheng , Qi Yi , Qiu Zhongjie , Sun Shirong , Dong Huafeng , Qiu Xueqing , Qin Yanlin
Published: June 2022

Exploring highly active and stable electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for developing water splitting and rechargeable metal‐air batteries. In this study, a hybrid electrocatalyst of CoFe alloy and CoxN heterojunction encapsulated and anchored in N‐doped carbon support (CoFe‐CoxN@NC) was in situ coupled via the pyrolysis of a novel coordination polymer derived from lignin biomacromolecule. CoFe‐CoxN@NC exhibited outstanding OER activity with a low overpotential of 270 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and stability with an increment of 20 mV, comparable to commercial Ir/C. DFT calculations showed that CoxN and N‐doped graphitic encapsulation can reduce the binding strength between *O and CoFe alloy, limit metal leaching and agglomeration, and improve electron transfer efficiency, considerably enhancing the OER activity and stability. In situ coupling approach for preparing alloy and nitride heterojunctions on N‐doped lignin‐derived carbon offers a promising and universal catalyst design for developing renewable energy conversion technologies.
B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with iAMP21 in a patient with Down syndrome due to a constitutional isodicentric chromosome 21
Authors: Verdoni Angela M. , Zilla Megan L. , Bullock Grant , Guinipero Terri L. , Meade Julia , Yatsenko Svetlana A.
Published: June 2022

Pediatric B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) is associated with various specific cytogenetic and molecular markers that have significant influence on treatment and prognosis. A subset of children has a much higher risk of developing B‐ALL due to constitutional genetic alterations such as trisomy 21 (Down's syndrome). In these patients, B‐ALL is often associated with specific genomic profiles leading to leukemic transformation. In rare cases, constitutional structural chromosomal abnormalities involving chromosome 21, such as the der(15;21) Robertsonian translocation and a ring 21 chromosome, have been associated with intrachromosomal amplification of chromosome 21 (iAMP21) B‐ALL. Here, we report the development of B‐ALL in a child with Down's syndrome who carries a constitutional isodicentric chromosome 21 [idic(21)], described previously by Putra et al., 2017. This idic(21) appeared to be unstable during mitosis, leading to somatic rearrangements consistent with iAMP21 amplification, resulting in the development of leukemia. In this case, a single constitutional structural chromosome 21 rearrangement resulted in a B‐ALL with Down syndrome‐associated genomic lesions as well as genomic lesions not common to the Down syndrome subtype of B‐ALL. Our findings highlight the need for counseling of individuals with constitutional structural chromosome 21 rearrangements regarding their risks of developing a B‐ALL.