bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Phosphorous Levels and Phosphorous Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) on Growth, Quality Parameters and Profitability of Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.)
Authors: Chouhan Shubham , Ausari Praveen Kumar , Sharma B. K. , Nayak M. P. , Para Pavan Kumar
Published: September 2022

The present study was conducted at Research farm of R.A.K., college of Agriculture, Sehore, Madhya Pradesh during 2020-21. The experiment was laid out using Randomized Block Design with different levels of Phosphorus with or without PSB application (T1- 45 kg P2O5/ha, T2- 60 kg P2O5/ha, T3- 75 kg P2O5/ha, T4-90 kg P2O5/ha, T5 - 45 kg P2O5/ha + PSB @ 5g/kg seed, T6 - 60 kg P2O5/ha + PSB @ 5g/kg seed, T7 - 75 kg P2O5/ha + PSB @ 5g/kg seed, T8 - 90 kg P2O5/ha + PSB @ 5g/kg seed). Treatment T7 found to be best for yield and yield attributes of berseem. Maximum plant height (54.8, 71.5 and 65.5 cm), number of branches/plant (5.44, 6.72 and 8.53), dry matter accumulation (4.90, 6.64 and 5.00 g/plant) at 1st cutting, 2ndcutting and at harvest respectively, dry matter (13.01 %), crude protein (19.99 %), crude protein yield (420.21 kg/ha), Gross return (87,660 ₹/ha), net return (59,412 ₹/ha) and B:C ratio (3.03). While minimum recorded with treatment T1 (45kg P2O5/ha without PSB application).
Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in 3K Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes
Authors: Sravani B. , Anuradha Ch. , Sundaram R. M. , Supriya K. , Gandhi N. , Fiyaz R. Abdul
Published: September 2022

The presence of genetic variation for specific traits in populations is of great importance for the development of crop improvement programs and the establishment of appropriate techniques for selection. In the winter of 2021, experiments were conducted to examine the extent of genetic variation in 50 genotypes of rice. Analysis of variance revealed the presence of highly significant differences in all 12 traits examined, indicating the presence of genetic variation between genotypes. The PCV was slightly greater than GCV for all the traits indicating the possibility for genetic improvement for these traits through direct selection. The PCV and GCV estimates were moderate for days to 50% flowering, plant height, panicle length, spikelet fertility and test weight, indicating that environmental factors are more important than genotype alone. Estimates of heritability and genetic advance were high for days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of tillers per plant, number of productive tillers per plant, number of grains per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle, total number of grains per panicle, panicle length, panicle weight, test weight, single plant yield, spikelet fertility. It is indicated that greater influence of additive gene action and it is effective for improvement of the traits in the study.
Status of Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health Services in Primary and Secondary Health Facilities of Public Sector in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Case Study
Authors: Nargus Shumaila
Published: September 2022

The case study aimed to assess the efforts being carried out by the public sector to decrease Maternal, Neonatal, and Child mortality in Pakistan to establish an information base for future planning, and assessment of the Maternal, neonatal, and child health services being provided in primary and secondary health facilities to establish an information base for future planning. It was a descriptive/cross-sectional case study. A universal sample of the District Head Quarters Hospitals, Tehsil Head Quarters Hospitals, Rural Health Centers, and 20%  Basic Health Units by using a stratified sampling technique surveys were conducted. Data was collected by using a questionnaire. The findings of the study showed the assessment of the availability of essential staff as per the required standard of the facility and availability was determined at 4,33, 53, and 86 percent in public sectors respectively. Preventive services are rendered at 86% of Basic Health Units, basic emergency obstetric and newborn care at 6% of Rural Health Centers, and comprehensive emergency obstetric and newborn care is being rendered at 4% and 33of by District Head Quarters Hospitals, Tehsil Head Quarters Hospitals respectively. Status of resuscitation with incubation is poor in Tehsil Head Quarters Hospitals (17%) and District Head Quarters Hospitals (51%), it is a very essential service to save the life of neonates if in the presence of staff at 4% of District Head Quarters Hospitals. The study recommended the expedited indefinite quantity of Maternal, neonatal, and child health services in primary and secondary health facilities of public sectors to drop off the mortality rate and to achieve targets regarding maternal and child mortality.
Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Grain Yield and Yield Related Traits in Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Jagadeesh Konidina , Sahi Vaidurya Pratap , Babu Kaila Satish , Kumar D. Praveen
Published: September 2022

During Rabi-2021, the present trial was carried out at the field experimentation centre of the Genetics and Plant Breeding, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad to assess genetic association and path coefficient analysis in thirty-one maize genotypes, including one check variety MAKKA SHUATA-3 for eighteen quantitative traits. Based on the mean performance of 31 maize varieties. Grain yield per plant was highest in the case of MAKKA-3 (111.60 gm), MGC-240 (85.33 gm), and GP (84.17 gm) genotypes. An Analysis of Variance revealed significant differences in grain yield and its components for all the genotypes. This indicated a high amount of genetic variability 100 grain weight and cob weight records high GCV and PCV, as well as high heritability. In genotypic and phenotypic correlation, cob weight and 100-grain weight are highly and significantly correlated with grain yield. And genotypic path analysis revealed that cob weight, 100 grain weight, number of rows per cob, cob length, days to 75% maturity, number of grains per row, and ear height. Phenotypic path results showed that cob weight, 100 grain weight, number of grain rows per cob, number of grains per row, days to 75% maturity, ear height, and highest direct effect on grain yield. This indicates a true relationship between these traits, and selecting these traits will improve yields.
Loss of Taste and Smell Sensation in COVID-19: A Questionnaire Based Multicontinental Study with Review
Authors: Akhter Fatema , Afroz Mohammed Malik , Haque Tahsinul , Alarady Khetam , Yaqoub Agharid Fouad Al , Salim Ghadah Salim Abu
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Taste buds are the peripheral organs of gustation and are located mainly in the tongue epithelium and palate. Taste buds further sample the chemical makeup of foods and beverages for nutrient content, palatability, and potential toxicity. On the other hand, the smell acts as a major factor and mostly functions involuntarily thereby identify chemical makeup and protecting from potential toxic insult. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing viral pandemic that emerged from East Asia and quickly spread to the rest of the world. An important highlight is an atypical new presentation of the disease: patients with olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions.

Objectives: To know whether the loss of taste and smell are a reliable symptomatic indicator in early diagnosis of COVID as well as how it impacts on the nutrition and early patient’s recovery.

Results: A questionnaire originally developed by AAO – NHS (American academy of oto – laryngology neck and head surgery) was modified to include the questions related to loss of taste. We have included a total of 512 patient of which 82.4% were females. The common risk factor reported by our patients was close contact with a potentially confirmed case which accounted for 46.1%. The common comorbidities reported in the population has largely been related to breathing problems in the form of asthma 10.2%, sinus and smoking allergies of 5.7% which is a known factor in the spread of Covid in these patients. We have noticed in our population that there was a loss of smell and taste noticed in all the subjects and among them 66.5% reported with anosmia and 52.3% reported with ageusia which was either overlooked or not understood by most of the patients. Hyposmia and Parosmia was 18.6% and 14.9% respectively while Hypogeusia and dysgeusia was 32.2% and 15.4% indicating that though complete loss of taste is less when compared to complete loss of smell but alteration in taste is much higher and was felt for a much longer duration of time and often reported but complete remission from loss of taste is not completed.

Conclusion: Loss of smell and taste should be considered as one of the reliable symptomatic indicators to covid infection and an active attempt should be made for its early remission for the patients to return back to normal intake of food leading to adequate nutrient supply
Mediating Effect of Green Reward on Green Training and Environmental Performance in Nigerian Food and Beverages
Authors: Aremu Atinuke B. , Adepoju Omoseni O.
Published: September 2022

This study examines the mediating effect of the green reward system on the relationship between green training, and environmental performance in the Nigerian Food and Beverages Industry. A purposive random sampling technique was used to select 10 food and beverages industries located in Southwest Nigeria. a sample size of three hundred and forty-seven using a simple random sampling technique was selected for the study from the total population of Two thousand six hundred and forty-seven (2647). A structured questionnaire was adopted to collect the required data. Data were analyzed with the aid of structural equation modeling (SEM) using STATA version 15. The results show that green training (β = 0.429; p<.05) has a direct relationship with environmental performance. The findings of the study show that the green reward system (β =.489; p<.05) has a significant influence on environmental performance. Result confirms that a positive and significant relationship exists between green training and the green reward system. It was also revealed that green reward (β =.334; p<.05) partially mediates between green training and environmental performance. Consequently, the study recommends that the management of the food and beverages industry should continuously engage their staff members in green training. Moreover, compensation packages should be adapted to reward individual employees with a spectrum of green skills and environmental sustainability achievements. This will serve as a motivational tool that assists employees to perform environmental desire behaviors and committing to the organization.
Effects of Real-time Prescription Benefit Recommendations on Patient Out-of-Pocket Costs
Authors: Desai Sunita M. , Chen Alan Z. , Wang Jiejie , Chung Wei-Yi , Stadelman Jay , Mahoney Chris , Szerencsy Adam , Anzisi Lisa , Mehrotra Ateev , Horwitz Leora I.
Published: September 2022

Importance

Rising drug costs contribute to medication nonadherence and adverse health outcomes. Real-time prescription benefit (RTPB) systems present prescribers with patient-specific out-of-pocket cost estimates and recommend lower-cost, clinically appropriate alternatives at the point of prescribing.

Objective

To investigate whether RTPB recommendations lead to reduced patient out-of-pocket costs for medications.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this cluster randomized trial, medical practices in a large, urban academic health system were randomly assigned to RTPB recommendations from January 13 to July 31, 2021. Participants were adult patients receiving outpatient prescriptions during the study period. The analysis was limited to prescriptions for which RTPB could recommend an available alternative. Electronic health record data were used to analyze the intervention’s effects on prescribing. Data analyses were performed from August 20, 2021, to June 8, 2022.

Interventions

When a prescription was initiated in the electronic health record, the RTPB system recommended available lower-cost, clinically appropriate alternatives for a different medication, length of prescription, and/or choice of pharmacy. The prescriber could select either the initiated order or one of the recommended options.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Patient out-of-pocket cost for a prescription. Secondary outcomes were whether a mail-order prescription and a 90-day supply were ordered.

Results

Of 867 757 outpatient prescriptions at randomized practices, 36 419 (4.2%) met the inclusion criteria of having an available alternative. Out-of-pocket costs were $39.90 for a 30-day supply in the intervention group and $67.80 for a 30-day supply in the control group. The intervention led to an adjusted 11.2%; (95% CI, −15.7% to −6.4%) reduction in out-of-pocket costs. Mail-order pharmacy use was 9.6% and 7.6% in the intervention and control groups, respectively (adjusted 1.9 percentage point increase; 95% CI, 0.9 to 3.0). Rates of 90-day supply were not different. In high-cost drug classes, the intervention reduced out-of-pocket costs by 38.9%; 95% CI, −47.6% to −28.7%.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cluster randomized clinical trial showed that RTPB recommendations led to lower patient out-of-pocket costs, with the largest savings occurring for high-cost medications. However, RTPB recommendations were made for only a small percentage of prescriptions.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04940988; American Economic Association Registry: AEARCTR-0006909
Timing of Physical Therapy Sessions for Individuals With Parkinson Disease May Unlock Benefits
Authors: Salloum Ramzi G. , Au Ka Loong Kelvin , Okun Michael S.
Published: September 2022

This Viewpoint advocates for careful consideration in the timing of physical therapy for individuals with Parkinson disease as a possible avenue toward improved outcomes.
Synthesis, Properties, and Reactivity of Linear Open‐Shell 3d‐Metal(I) Complexes
Authors: Werncke Christian Gunnar , Gómez Andrés G.
Published: September 2022

Linear complexes with two‐coordinate, open‐shell 3d‐metal(I) ions are a young and rare class of compounds in coordination chemistry and are known so far for chromium to nickel. These complexes combine an uncommon coordination motif with an, for these metals, unusual oxidation state. The isolation of such compounds relies mostly on the use of sterically encumbering and/or electronically stabilizing ligands, such as bulky amides or
N
‐heterocyclic carbenes, to support the highly unsaturated metal center. Given the labile nature of these linear complexes as well as their only recent history, the physical properties, as well as their reactivity concerning small molecules and various bonding types are only partially explored. Reports concerning their respective behavior indicate a high potential, for example remarkable single‐molecule magnetic properties or first use in catalysis. Herein, we wish to give a comprehensive overview about the current knowledge, and by this shed the scientific spotlight on this, in our eyes, underused yet highly intriguing class in coordination chemistry.
Redox‐Switchable Catalysis
Authors: Regenauer Nicolas I. , Doll Julianna S. , Roșca Dragoș‐Adrian
Published: September 2022

The ability to control catalytic properties, such as selectivity and rateduringthe reaction, represents an attractive tool which can potentially deliver the synthesis of specialized products from a large pool of building blocks. This can be achieved by the incorporation of an on / off switch into the backbone of (pre‐)catalysts. The electronic or solubility properties of the switch can be then reversibly modified through the action of external triggers, a process which in turn modulates the catalytic activity. Incorporation of switches that can be reversibly reduced or oxidized represents one of the most versatile methods for controlling the catalytic activity in situ. This article describes the current state of research in the field of redox‐switchable catalysis, with a focus on homogenous metal‐mediated processes. The first part presents an overview of the types of redox switches and of the methods employed for delivering the redox stimuli. The second part then focuses on the catalytic transformations which can be controlled in this fashion, which include polymerization catalysis, metathesis, hydroelementation, and other catalytic reactions for the synthesis of fine chemicals.
Transition Metal Diborane and Diborene Complexes: An Overview
Authors: Bag Ranjit , Bairagi Subhash , Rout Bikram K. , Ghosh Sundargopal
Published: September 2022

Diborane(6), generally known as diborane, is highly reactive and versatile reagent with large number of applications. Although known for more than a century, recent years have witnessed substantial growth due to its fundamental research and significant applications in catalysis. In addition, massive efforts have been engaged to synthesize the transition metal diborane and diborene complexes to understand their structure and bonding. One of the interesting structural features of this type of complex is that they mimic transition metal alkene or alkyne complexes. Despite the exciting synthetic interest, the synthesis of transition metal diborane or diborene complexes is challenging, irregular, and uncontrollable. Nevertheless, a considerable amount of progress has been observed over decades that made this field very appealing. This article provides an overview of their synthesis, structure, and bonding along with some of their reactivities.
Application report of automatic unlocking baseplate in radiotherapy
Authors: Li Lintao , Wang Xianliang , Xin Xin , Fan Ming , Lu Shun , Wang Wei , Yin Gang
Published: September 2022

Purpose

To reduce the potential risk during radiotherapy treatment of patients with head and neck tumors, we improved upon the design of an existing immobilization device by adding a feature to improve patient safety during emergency releases, and we verified its clinical application.

Method

We designed an improved automatic unlocking baseplate (AUB), and conducted a dosimetry comparison with Solo Align Full Body System (SAFBS, Klarity, China). The dosimetry comparison included dose‐attenuation measurements and results from human simulation. We selected four points for measurement to allow comparison between the SAFBS and our AUB. A simulated human body model was used for CT scanning, whereby the target area and structure and simulated radiotherapy plan were conducted according to the American Academy of Pain Medicine Task Group–119 report (TG‐119), whereby the dose differences were compared. The purpose of the clinical test was to verify the reliability of the AUB system in practical clinical applications. The application tests were conducted in CT simulation (CT‐sim) and treatment rooms. The test included assessments of the stability of the system and the reliability of our device.

Results

The dose‐attenuation measurements of the two baseplates were as follows: The transmission values with our unlocking system were 0.10% higher at the first point and 0.67% lower at the third. The same dose was obtained at points 2 and 4. In the simulation study, the PTV of the AUB was lower than that of the SAFBS, including 0.39% lower D99 and 0.18% lower D90. Among the organ‐at‐risk doses, the average dose of the AUB in the spinal cord was 0.6% higher than that of the SAFBS, and the average dose in the left and right parotid glands was more than 1.4% lower than that of SAFBS. The clinical test results were applied in treatment room and a CT‐sim room, which show a 100% success rate after being unlocked more than 5000 times.

Conclusion

The AUB designed for head and neck patients had good functional versatility, the dose distribution met the requirements, and the automatic unlocking function was demonstrated to be stable and reliable.
Examining Rehabilitation Dose in Adults With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Association With Baseline Factors and Change in Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Thoma Louise M. , Wellsandt Elizabeth , Wipfler Kristin , Michaud Kaleb
Published: September 2022

Objective

To evaluate the association of baseline factors with rehabilitation dose and the association of rehabilitation dose with meaningful change in physical function, pain, and fatigue over 6 months among adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

Using data from the National Databank for Rheumatic Diseases registry, we extracted baseline characteristics and self‐reported physical function (Health Assessment Questionnaire), pain (visual analog scale [VAS]), fatigue (VAS), rehabilitation dose (low: 1–2 visits, medium: 3–8 visits, high: >8 visits), and follow‐up outcomes 6 months later. Changes in clinical outcomes were categorized as improved, no change, or worsened. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) using proportional odds logistic regression models to examine the association of the baseline factors with rehabilitation dose and the association of rehabilitation dose with changes in clinical outcomes, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results

The sample included 1,381 adults with a new episode of rehabilitation (dose: low 27%, medium 42%, high 31%). Worse baseline physical function (adjusted OR 1.29 [95% CI 1.04–1.60]), but not pain (adjusted OR 1.04 [95% CI 0.99–1.10]) or fatigue (adjusted OR 0.98 [95% CI 0.93–1.03]), were associated with a higher rehabilitation dose. A high rehabilitation dose was associated with a favorable change in physical function (OR 1.51 [95% CI 1.14–1.98]), pain (OR 1.44 [95% CI 1.06–1.96]), and fatigue (OR 1.45 [95% CI 1.06–1.99]) compared to a low dose; only the association with physical function change persisted in adjusted models (adjusted OR 1.41 [95% CI 1.03–1.92]).

Conclusion

Using real‐world data, this study supports a higher rehabilitation dose to improve physical function in adults with RA.
Racial Differences in Multimorbidity and Comorbidities in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Kronzer Vanessa L. , Dykhoff Hayley J. , Stevens Maria A. , Myasoedova Elena , Davis John M. , Crowson Cynthia S.
Published: September 2022

Objective

To identify differences in multimorbidity and individual comorbidities among individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), separated by race and ethnicity.

Methods

This case–control study within OptumLabs Data Warehouse from 2010 to 2019 matched RA cases (defined by 2 codes plus prescription of an RA drug) to non‐RA controls 1:1 on age, sex, race and ethnicity, region, index date of RA, and insurance coverage duration. We defined multimorbidity as the presence of ≥2 or ≥5 validated comorbidities. Logistic regression models calculated adjusted odds of multimorbidity with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) within each race and ethnicity.

Results

We identified 154,391 RA cases and 154,391 controls (mean age 59.6, 76% female). Black enrollees had the most multimorbidity ≥2/≥5 (73.1%, 34.3%); Asian enrollees had the least (52.4%, 17.3%). Adjusted odds of multimorbidity ≥2 and ≥5 in RA cases versus controls was 2.19 (95% CI 2.16–2.23) and 2.06 (95% CI 2.02–2.09), respectively. This increase was similar across race and ethnicity. However, we observed elevated occurrence of certain comorbidities by race and ethnicity versus controls (P < 0.001), including renal disease in White enrollees (4.7% versus 3.2%) and valvular heart disease in Black and White enrollees (3.2% and 2.8% versus 2.6% and 2.2%).

Conclusion

Multimorbidity is a problem for all RA patients. Targeted identification of certain comorbidities by race and ethnicity may be a helpful approach to mitigate multimorbidity.
High Efficiency Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells Based On Low Trap Density and High Carrier Mobility CsPbI3 Films
Authors: Yuan Jifeng , Zhang Di , Deng Binbin , Du Jiuyao , Choy Wallace C. H. , Tian Jianjun
Published: September 2022

Inorganic perovskite CsPbI3 has exhibited promising performance in single‐junction solar cells, but the grain boundaries (GBs) in its film cause the formation of the defects with deep energy levels (such as iodide vacancy (VI)) and impede the transport of carriers, worsening the efficiency and stability of the solar cells. Here, a CsPbI3 precursor is devised with thiophenol series ligands (TP‐ligands) containing both SH and π‐conjugated molecules. The strong interaction between the SH group (Lewis base) and PbI2 (Lewis acid) suppresses the formation of PbI42− in perovskite solution, thus suppressing the formation of VI in the film accordingly. The terminal groups, such as ‐F and ‐NH2, are employed to achieve an appropriate evaporation speed of the ligands and prevent the oxidation of the thiophenol group, then a high‐quality perovskite film with low trap density is obtained. In addition, the functional group π‐conjugated molecules provide additional carrier transmission channels at the GBs to increase carrier mobility, which facilitates the exciton separation and prolongs the charge lifetime. The CsPbI3 solar cell shows a considerable power conversion efficiency of 20.1% with an open‐current voltage of 1.18 V and a high fill factor of 83.5% and excellent working stability.
Filamented Light (FLight) Biofabrication of Highly Aligned Tissue‐Engineered Constructs
Authors: Liu Hao , Chansoria Parth , Delrot Paul , Angelidakis Emmanouil , Rizzo Riccardo , Rütsche Dominic , Applegate Lee Ann , Loterie Damien , Zenobi‐Wong Marcy
Published: September 2022

Cell‐laden hydrogels used in tissue engineering generally lack sufficient 3D topographical guidance for cells to mature into aligned tissues. A new strategy called filamented light (FLight) biofabrication rapidly creates hydrogels composed of unidirectional microfilament networks, with diameters on the length scale of single cells. Due to optical modulation instability, a light beam is divided optically into FLight beams. Local polymerization of a photoactive resin is triggered, leading to local increase in refractive index, which itself creates self‐focusing waveguides and further polymerization of photoresin into long hydrogel microfilaments. Diameter and spacing of the microfilaments can be tuned from 2 to 30 µm by changing the coherence length of the light beam. Microfilaments show outstanding cell instructive properties with fibroblasts, tenocytes, endothelial cells, and myoblasts, influencing cell alignment, nuclear deformation, and extracellular matrix deposition. FLight is compatible with multiple types of photoresins and allows for biofabrication of centimeter‐scale hydrogel constructs with excellent cell viability within seconds (<10 s per construct). Multidirectional microfilaments are achievable within a single hydrogel construct by changing the direction of FLight projection, and complex multimaterial/multicellular tissue‐engineered constructs are possible by sequentially exchanging the cell‐laden photoresin. FLight offers a transformational approach to developing anisotropic tissues using photo‐crosslinkable biomaterials.
Soft Human–Machine Interface Sensing Displays: Materials and Devices
Authors: Yu Seunggun , Park Tae Hyun , Jiang Wei , Lee Seung Won , Kim Eui Hyuk , Lee Seokyeong , Park Jung‐Eun , Park Cheolmin
Published: September 2022

The development of human‐interactive sensing displays (HISDs) that simultaneously detect and visualize stimuli is important for numerous cutting‐edge human–machine interface technologies. Therefore, innovative device platforms with optimized architectures of HISDs combined with novel high‐performance sensing and display materials are demonstrated. This study comprehensively reviews the recent advances in HISDs, particularly the device architectures that enable scaling‐down and simplifying the HISD, as well as material designs capable of directly visualizing input information received by various sensors. Various HISD platforms for integrating sensors and displays are described. HISDs consist of a sensor and display connected through a microprocessor, and attempts to assemble the two devices by eliminating the microprocessor are detailed. Single‐device HISD technologies are highlighted in which input stimuli acquired by sensory components are directly visualized with various optical components, such as electroluminescence, mechanoluminescence and structural color. The review forecasts future HISD technologies that demand the development of materials with molecular‐level synthetic precision that enables simultaneous sensing and visualization. Furthermore, emerging HISDs combined with artificial intelligence technologies and those enabling simultaneous detection and visualization of extrasensory information are discussed.
Highly Flexible and Conductive Electrodes through Combining Honeycomb and Butterfly Pattern Bio‐Inspired Structure for ECG Signal Recording
Authors: Hou Qi , Wang Min , Han Chunyang , Gao Kuiyang , Liu Ruiyao , Yao Guofeng
Published: September 2022

Recent advances in the development of flexible electronic devices have increased the demand for flexibility and conductivity. However, there is still a significant challenge to manufacture flexible electrodes featuring satisfactory mechanical and conductivity performance simultaneously. In this paper, based on synergistically combining theoretical structural design and screen printing, a new flexible electrode with butterfly‐shaped honeycomb (BSH) negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) structure through combining honeycomb and butterfly pattern bio‐inspired structure is designed and fabricated. And the flexibility and conductivity of different substrate electrodes are investigated. Results demonstrate that flexible electrode of polyamide (PA) substrate with BSH‐NPR structure can effectively boost the conductivity during the large deformation process, resulting in higher bending‐resistant (the resistance is only 4.1 Ω at 180°), fatigue‐resistance (only 4.5 Ω after 1000 cycles), stretching‐resistance (only 20.3 Ω at 20% strain), and self‐recovery (releasing strain enables re‐joining, namely, conductive) properties. Particularly, the electrode is still conductive when the strain of that is 40% and shows promising mechanical properties. Electrocardiography (ECG) signals recorded on the volunteer's chest, fingertips (no bending), and knuckles (repeated bending) are successfully exhibited with superior accuracy and long‐term stability for flexible electrode fabricated in this paper, demonstrating greater potential in biological signal monitoring applications.
Antisolvent Treatment on Wet Solution‐Processed CuSCN Hole Transport Layer Enables Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Perumbalathodi Nideesh , Su Tzu‐Sen , Wei Tzu‐Chien
Published: September 2022

Among the various inorganic hole‐transporting materials for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), CuSCN is identified as a promising candidate for commercialization applications owing to its abundance and solution processability with alkyl sulfides. Although CuSCN possesses high intrinsic thermal stability, the existence of diethyl sulfide (DES) residue during the wet processing of CuSCN films accelerates perovskite degradation, impeding the practical application of CuSCN in PSC applications. This study demonstrates a new antisolvent‐treatment strategy to extract DES residue from CuSCN. The antisolvent treatment with the aid of diethyl ether (DEE) successfully results in a dense and high‐quality CuSCN film with improved surface morphology, trap density, and hole extraction ability. Consequently, the power conversion efficiency of DEE‐treated CuSCN‐based PSCs improves from 16.84% to 18.34% with superior long‐term stability. This study provides a simple method for the preparation of high‐quality CuSCN films that can effectively be applied to the large‐area fabrication of CuSCN‐based PSCs.
Cellulose Nanocrystals–Tin‐Oxide Hybrid Electron Transport Layers for Solar Energy Conversion
Authors: Niazi Muhammad Rizwan , Zhao Heng , Lamarche Renaud Miclette , Munir Rahim , Trudel Simon , Hu Jinguang , Welch Gregory C.
Published: September 2022

Petro‐derived organic cathode interlayers (CILs) can modify the tin‐oxide (SnO2) electron transport layer (ETL) in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) to address the energy‐level alignment, charge extraction, and device shelf‐life instability challenges. However, the potential eco‐hazardousness of petro sources used to synthesize such CILs and the toxicity of processing solvents warrant the discovery of sustainable and commercially viable substitutes. Herein, a low‐cost, biocompatible, and water‐processable CIL based on amine‐functionalized cellulose nanocrystals (CNC‐a) is introduced to enhance the performance of OPVs by mitigating surface defects of the SnO2 ETL. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveals a reduction in water traps after SnO2 modification with CNC‐a. The electrical characterization shows that CNC‐a modification improves the conductivity of the SnO2. CNC‐a inhibits charge recombination and improves the charge collection ability leading to power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of >13% in halogen‐free solvent and air‐processed PBDB‐T‐SF (PM6):BTP‐4F‐12 (Y6‐C12)‐based OPVs. The SnO2/CNC‐a bilayer ETL‐based devices exhibit relatively high shelf‐life device stability. Fully slot‐die‐coated (where SnO2, CNC‐a, and bulk heterojunction [PM6:Y6‐C12] are coated) large area bottom cathode cells (PCE > 10%) are demonstrated, showcasing the utility for scale‐up. This work opens a viable and sustainable pathway to develop bio‐derived materials for scalable OPVs.
Bulk Photovoltaic Effect in 2D Materials for Solar‐Power Harvesting
Authors: Aftab Sikandar , Iqbal Muhammad Zahir , Haider Zeeshan , Iqbal Muhammad Waqas , Nazir Ghazanfar , Shehzad Muhammad Arslan
Published: September 2022

It is highly desirable for exploring and discovering new materials and outcome‐based approaches to exceed the Shockley–Queisser limit for single‐junction photovoltaic cells. Low‐dimensional piezoelectric materials have the potential to generate the optoelectronic phenomenon called the bulk photovoltaic effect, which is not limited by the theoretical limit for solar radiation into electricity conversion. The recent development of 2D materials has demonstrated that by using the bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) for crystals lacking inversion symmetry, it is possible to overcome this limit. So far, the exploration of p–n junction designs has been addressed in several review articles. However, the mechanism of BPVE differs from traditional p–n junction‐based photovoltaics in 2D materials. In this focused review, various concepts regarding the shift‐current response are explored, both from theoretical and experimental points of view, which are generated in the framework of deformed 2D materials. Finally, prospective approaches for building BPVE‐based next‐generation solar cells using ultrathin 2D materials are presented. These materials are expected to work better than current methods of turning energy into electricity.
High‐Performance Visible to Near‐Infrared Broadband Bi2O2Se Nanoribbon Photodetectors
Authors: Wei Yuchao , Chen Chao , Tan Chong , He Le , Ren Zhengze , Zhang Chaoyi , Peng Silu , Han Jiayue , Zhou Hongxi , Wang Jun
Published: September 2022

Owing to its suitable electronic bandgap, excellent air stability, and high carrier mobility at room temperature, low‐dimensional bismuth oxyselenide (Bi2O2Se) has become attractive in the context of visible–near‐infrared (VIS–NIR) detection. However, the high carrier concentration and bolometric effect of Bi2O2Se nanosheets are not conducive to reducing the dark current and improving the response speed, which hinders Bi2O2Se nanosheet‐based photodetectors from achieving an optimal performance. In this study, a Bi2O2Se nanoribbon is controllably synthesized on a fluorophlogopite substrate by means of the chemical vapor deposition approach. Through the use of a Bi2O2Se nanoribbon structure and the application of a Schottky barrier between the Bi2O2Se and Au electrodes, a fast response and low noise photodetector is achieved. More specifically, the response times are 2.1 and 313 µs at 650 and 1550 nm, respectively, and the corresponding optimal detectivities are 3.28 × 1013 and 8.07 × 109 Jones. Furthermore, the device reaches a −3 dB bandwidth of 81 kHz and exhibits a responsivity of 3.2 × 105 A W−1 at 650 nm under a bias of 5 V. This study provides new opportunities for the application of high‐performance VIS–NIR photodetectors.
A Simulation of Liquid Crystal Grating with Field‐Induced Twist Deformation for Beam‐Steering Applications
Authors: Park Sun-Geun , Lee Ye-Lin , Kim Wook-Sung , Oh Seung-Won
Published: September 2022

Beam‐steering device using liquid crystal (LC) grating with field‐induced twist deformation, which has symmetric LC director distribution, is demonstrated. The proposed LC cell can convert the polarizations without multidomain LC alignments, and the polarization of the output light can also be changed with different input polarization. Therefore, the polarization of the input light is controlled, and the polarization of the output light is analyzed by additional layers that each consists of a switchable quarter‐wave plate (QWP) and a linear polarizer. The transmitted light of the proposed LC cell can be diffracted in three different directions by changing the bias voltage. The calculated efficiency and angle of steering are 46% and 8°, respectively. Potential applications of such a grating for diffraction optics, optical interconnect, and beam‐steering devices are foreseeable.
Efficacy and Safety of Inosine Pranobex in COVID‐19 Patients: A Multicenter Phase 3 Randomized Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial
Authors: C R Jayanthi , Swain Ashok K , Ganga Ranganath T , Halnor Dnyaneshwar , Avhad Ajit , Khan Mohd. Saif , Ghosh Ayan , Choudhary Sumer Sanjiv , Yannawar Anand Namdevrao , Despande Shubhangi , Patel Manish , Anne Krishna Prasad , Bangar Yogesh
Published: September 2022

Inosine pranobex (IP), an immunomodulatory agent, is used in the treatment of various viral infections. The results of a phase 3 randomized controlled trial are reported, evaluating the efficacy and safety of IP in the treatment of mild to moderate COVID‐19. It includes 416 symptomatic patients with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. In addition to a defined standard of care, patients  randomly (1:1) receive either IP 500 mg tablet (IP group) or a matching placebo (placebo group) at 50 mg kg−1 body weight/day rounded to the nearest 500 mg dose (maximum 4 g day−1) administered in 3–4 divided doses for 10 days. Compared to the placebo group, IP group shows significantly higher rates of clinical response (CR) and clinical cure (CC) on Day‐6 for both non‐hospitalized patients and the total population. IP group shows significantly earlier CR and CC with fewer adverse events and no mortality. Based on these findings and the fact that IP increases natural killer cell‐mediated cytotoxicity of virus‐infected cells as an early immune response to viral infection and enhances NKG2D ligand expression, it is concluded that IP should be started early to maximize the benefit in mild to moderate COVID‐19 patients. (Trial registration number: CTRI/2021/02/030892).
Enhanced Energy Density and Efficiency in Lead‐Free Sodium Niobate‐Based Relaxor Antiferroelectric Ceramics for Electrostatic Energy Storage Application
Authors: Pan Tianze , Zhang Ji , Guan Zhan‐Nan , Yan Yiming , Ma Jiajun , Li Xiongjie , Guo Shun , Wang Jing , Wang Yaojin
Published: September 2022

Antiferroelectric ceramics are recently, a research hotspot for electrostatic energy storage because of their large electric‐field induced polarization. Lead‐free sodium niobate (NaNbO3)‐based ceramics are one of the emerging antiferroelectric counterparts. However, the unstable antiferroelectric phase seriously restricts the further improvement of energy density and efficiency. In this work, by introducing binary perovskite end‐member BiFeO3–BaTiO3 with lower tolerance factor and average electronegativity into NaNbO3 ceramics, the stablized antiferroelectric phase with improved relaxation characteristic is identified by slim double‐like polarization‐electric field (P–E) loops and four‐peak current–electric field (I–E) curves. Meanwhile, the antiferroelectric P to R phase transition is verified through Raman spectra, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, and dielectric performance. In particular, the enhanced electric breakdown strength Eb is achieved by synergic contributions from ultralow dielectric loss, reduced grain size, and so on. Consequently, the sample with optimized composition displays ultrahigh recoverable energy storage density (Wrec) of 14.5 J cm−3 and satisfied efficiency (η) of 83.9%, which shows the superiority in the state‐of‐the‐art dielectric ceramics. These results provide a feasible route by regulating the relationship between antiferroelectric structure and properties to explore high‐performance dielectrics for electrostatic energy storage applications.
Alpha‐Synuclein RT‐QuIC in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Authors: Fasano Alfonso , Martinez‐Valbuena Ivan , Azevedo Paula , da Silva Carolina Candeias , Algarni Musleh , Vasilevskaya Anna , Anastassiadis Chloe , Taghdiri Foad , Kongkham Paul , Radovanovic Ivan , Zadeh Gelareh , Lang Anthony E. , Tang‐Wai David F. , Kovacs Gabor G. , Tartaglia Maria Carmela
Published: September 2022

This study quantified the occurrence of an underlying synucleinopathy in 50 patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus by means of real‐time quaking‐induced conversion, a highly sensitive and specific technique capable of detecting and amplifying misfolded aggregated forms of α‐synuclein in the cerebrospinal fluid. Seven patients were positive and they did not differ from negative cases, except for a more frequent L‐dopa responsiveness and gait characterized by a wider base. The two groups did not differ in terms of response rate to tap test or shunt surgery, although step length and gait velocity improved by a lesser extent in positive cases. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:985–991
Allergic Diseases and Risk of Incident Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Joh Hee‐Kyung , Kwon Hyuktae , Son Ki Young , Yun Jae Moon , Cho Su Hwan , Han Kyungdo , Park Jin‐Ho , Cho Belong
Published: September 2022

Objective

To examine the associations between the allergic triad (asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis) and risk of dementia.

Methods

Participants comprised 6,785,948 adults aged ≥40 years who participated in a national health examination in 2009 without any history of dementia before baseline. From 2009 to 2017, we prospectively investigated the associations between physician‐diagnosed allergic diseases and risk of incident dementia (all‐cause, Alzheimer's disease [AD], vascular dementia [VaD]) ascertained using national health insurance claims data.

Results

During 8.1 years of follow‐up, 260,705 dementia cases (195,739 AD, 32,789 VaD) were identified. Allergic diseases were positively associated with dementia risk. Compared with individuals without allergic diseases, multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) of all‐cause dementia were 1.20 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19–1.22) in those with asthma, 1.10 (95% CI 1.09–1.12) with allergic rhinitis, 1.16 (95% CI 1.11–1.21) with atopic dermatitis, and 1.13 (95% CI 1.12–1.14) with any of these allergies. Similarly, individuals with any of the allergic triad had a higher risk of AD (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.14–1.17) and VaD (HR 1.04; 95% CI 1.01–1.06) than those without any allergic disease. As the number of comorbid allergic diseases increased, the risk of dementia increased linearly (Ptrend ≤ 0.002). Compared with individuals without allergies, those with all three allergic diseases had substantially increased risk of all‐cause dementia (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.35–1.75), AD (HR 1.46; 95% CI 1.25–1.70), and VaD (HR 1.99, 95% CI 1.44–2.75).

Interpretation

Asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis were significantly associated with increased risk of all‐cause dementia and subtypes, with dose–effect relationships with the severity of allergic diseases. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:384–397
Comment on ‘Gravitational Analysis of Rotating Charged Black‐Hole‐Like Solution in Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet Gravity’
Authors: Azreg‐Aïnou Mustapha
Published: September 2022

The author reviews the derivations of the rotating metric made in Ann. Phys. (Berlin), 2022, 2200074, and shows that the analysis yielding the solution is flawed throughout the paper.
TBAX/Oxone‐Mediated Halogenation of Pyrazoles and Other Heterocycles: An Entry to Important Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Kour Jaspreet , Khajuria Pratiksha , Sharma Alpa , Sawant Sanghapal D.
Published: September 2022

A facile, sustainable and eco‐friendly protocol has been developed for the halogenation of various heterocycles using TBAX (TBAI/TBAB/TBACl) as halogenating agent, which afforded the products in 90–95% isolated yields. The reaction proceeds with low‐cost TBAX and uses greener conditions like EtOH as a solvent and microwave as an alternative energy source for reaction. This protocol has been applied on pyrazoles and extended to different heterocycles like 7‐azaindole, indazole, indole and 2‐phenylimidazo[1,2‐α]pyridines. The gram‐scale iodination reaction has also been successfully performed by optimizing conventional heating conditions, which demonstrates its potential applicability in organic synthesis. Further these halogenated pyrazoles have been utilized for different coupling reactions including formation of arylated, alkynylated and sulfenated pyrazoles. However, TBAF mediated fluorination did not work.
MXene//MnO2 Asymmetric Supercapacitors with High Voltages and High Energy Densities
Authors: Zheng Wei , Halim Joseph , Yang Li , Badr Hussein O. , Sun ZhengMing , Persson Per O. Å. , Rosen Johanna , Barsoum Michel W.
Published: September 2022

Invited for this month's cover picture is the work of Prof. Rosen's and Prof. Barsoum's groups at Linköping and Drexel Universities. The cover picture shows two typical cross‐sectional images of TMA+‐MnO2 and Mo1.33CTz free‐standing films, with highly stacked flakes, exhibiting excellent flexibility and high volumetric capacitances. Micrographs taken by Dr. W. Zeng and colorized and aesthetically enhanced by Patricia Lyons of Moorestown, NJ. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/batt.202200151.
Auswirkungen der Torsionssteifigkeit auf das Tragverhalten von Betonbrücken mit Plattenbalkenquerschnitt
Authors: Meyer Saskia , Göhlmann Joachim , Wichers Marco , Oettel Vincent
Published: September 2022

Für eine nachhaltige Bemessung von Stahlbeton‐ und Spannbetonbrücken in den Grenzzuständen der Tragfähigkeit und Gebrauchstauglichkeit ist eine realitätsgetreue Abschätzung der Torsionssteifigkeit in Abhängigkeit von der Höhe der Beanspruchung notwendig. Unter anderem aufgrund des aktuell begrenzten Kenntnisstands sind normative Grundlagen für die Nachrechnung von Brückenbauwerken lediglich eingeschränkt vorhanden und für die Brückenneubemessung nicht vorgesehen. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt eine Übersicht über das Torsionstragverhalten und insbesondere die Torsionssteifigkeit von Stahlbeton‐ und Spannbetonbauteilen mit Plattenbalkenquerschnitt. Der Fokus liegt hierbei auf der mit der Reduzierung der Torsionssteifigkeit einhergehenden Schnittgrößenumlagerung im Gesamtsystem, was u. a. zu geringeren Bemessungstorsionsmomenten und folglich zu einer kleineren erforderlichen Bewehrungsmenge für die Torsionsbeanspruchung führt. Dieses wird anschaulich anhand einer Parameterstudie mit dem Modell nach Bieger sowie am Beispiel einer Brückennachrechnung und der Bemessung eines Brückenneubaus in Spannbetonbauweise erläutert.