bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Community Connections: Understanding Local Dynamics in Italian Asylum Policy Implementation
Authors: Peroni Claudia
Published: January 2025

Italy hosts significant numbers of forced migrants throughout its territory. The implementation of asylum policy thus occurs in diverse and sometimes fraught contexts, presenting different resources and obstacles. This paper examines how local context shapes the experiences and practices of street-level bureaucrats (SLBs) implementing policy in the Italian statutory asylum system. Semi-structured interviews with workers in two projects, one in a conservative rural area and one in a progressive urban area, show that the urban/rural divide alone is not an appropriate predictor of similarities and differences in policy implementation and outcomes, which are largely shaped by context-specific sociocultural and relational elements. Workers’ off-duty mediation in interpersonal contact between migrants and community members fosters positive encounters that could partially offset traditionally conservative political cultures and hostile attitudes; however, the same cultures and attitudes cause workers to feel isolated and alienated from their community. Furthermore, SLBs’ decision-making practices in both projects are always collegial and constrained by exhaustive rules, largely eliminating the need for individual discretion typical of SLBs and creating instead “group discretionary” bureaucrats. In light of these findings, I argue for increased attention to locality beyond the simple urban versus rural lens, and increased focus on asylum SLBs as a distinct category of “doubly embedded” SLBs participating in both policy implementation and local context.
Enhanced TiO2 coating via sol-gel Al2O3 doping for improved characteristics
Authors: Purushothaman Natarajan , Elansezhian R , Radjaram B
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the properties of nanocomposites and their impact on improving the performance of solar photovoltaic (PV) cells through the deposition of nano Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) sol onto a glass substrate. In addition to the coating process, nano Aluminum oxide Al2O3 is added, which alter the surface properties such as, thickness and roughness, of the substrate medium. When exposed to a temperature of 450°C, the crystallinity of the TiO2 transforms from amorphous to anatase. Three techniques are used for this research investigation, they are Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis for microstructural analysis, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) for verifying the presence of various elements and Ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy is used to visualize the optical properties of the coarse surface characterized by spikes. An absorption rate of 1.36% is observed, with reduction in reflection from 14% to 10%. The water contact angle is measured to analyze the surface wettability. The results reveal a 15% efficiency in the I-V characteristics and the surface exhibits hydrophilic nature.
Retrospective chart review of venous thromboembolism incidence and management in rural patients undergoing varicose vein treatment
Authors: Thakur Shivani , Kaur Kamalpreet , Agarwal Sandhini , Zabiba Fatima , Maatouk Hussein , Zabiba Ahmed , Dominguez Cervantes Jasmin , Huang Tiffany , Arjmand Ahmadzaki , Arjmand Ahmadzakaria , Kumar Keshav
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Determine the rate of incidence, risk factors, and management for developing venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS) for varicose veins.

Methods

All charts of patients undergoing venous ablation from 2016 to 2023 were reviewed at a rural vein treatment clinic. The incidence of VTE was noted and a chart review was completed to identify risk factors for VTE, EHIT score, EFIT score, and management.

Results

Patients underwent 14,172 UGFS procedures and 4865 RFAs. VTE was noted in 45 patients (0.24%), with no pulmonary embolisms and no fatal outcomes among the patient population. Patients diagnosed with VTE had a median CEAP score of 3 and a modified Caprini risk score of 7.2. Increased risk of VTE was noted in patients with prior history of DVT, patients undergoing UGFS, patients with higher Caprini scores. 90% of patients diagnosed with VTE had a prior history of DVT ( p < 0.05). Patients who received UGFS treatments had a higher modified Caprini Risk Score than patients who received an RFA and UGFS, 8.7 and 6.8 respectively ( p < 0.05). Increased risk of VTE was noted in patients with swollen legs prior to treatment (0.92%), visible varicose veins (0.92%), obesity (0.49%), and surgery within the prior 3 months to vein treatment (0.41%).

Conclusion

The modified Caprini score is a useful tool for risk stratification for VTE and its incidence is low for patients undergoing RFA and UGFS. Prior history of VTE represents a significant risk for recurrence in patients undergoing RFA and UGFS.
The association between ambiguity tolerance and psychological well-being among physical therapists engaged in geriatric rehabilitation: A multicentre collaborative cross-sectional study
Authors: Tamura Shotaro , Hiratsuka Kenta , Oonuki Minato , Yokochi Masanobu , Matsuzaka Daiki , Satou Yuutarou , Ishikawa Naoto , Tai Masahiko , Kikuchi Koki , Kuneta Ryouichi , Ooya Masanori , Kakiuchi Kensuke , Matsuda Ryo
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study clarifies the association between ambiguity tolerance and psychological well-being in physical therapists engaged in geriatric rehabilitation.

Design

Multicentre cross-sectional study. Setting: Five facilities in Japan.

Methods and Measures

A total of 143 physical therapists (response rate: 58.1%) participated in geriatric rehabilitation. The main outcome measures were the multidimensional attitude scale towards ambiguity, professional quality of life scale and quick inventory of depressive symptomatology.

Results

Hierarchical regression analyses showed associations of need for complexity (β = 0.40) with compassion satisfaction, discomfort with ambiguity (β = 0.30) with compassion fatigue, need for complexity (β = −0.34) and discomfort with ambiguity (β = 0.33) with burnout and discomfort with ambiguity (β = 0.30) with quick inventory of depressive symptomatology ( p < .05). Sub-group analyses revealed that in the group with less than five years’ experience, need for complexity was not associated with burnout, and in men, there were no significant variables for compassion fatigue and quick inventory of depressive symptomatology.

Conclusions

Among physical therapists in geriatric rehabilitation, discomfort with ambiguity was associated with compassion fatigue, burnout and depressive symptoms, whereas need for complexity was associated with compassion satisfaction. Management and education that reduces discomfort with ambiguity and increases need for complexity may improve physical therapists’ psychological well-being.
Treatment Efficacy and the Center of Resistance Location
Authors: Brezniak Naphtali , Krausz Agate , Protter Noam
Published: January 2025

A tooth’s center of resistance (Cres) is analogous to any free body’s center of mass (CM). However, unlike a free body, teeth are constrained by the periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolar bone. In orthodontic literature, Cres is a relatively “fixed” point that “barely” shifts in space, and its estimated location is at the coronal part of the root, as it can change slightly due to alterations in the constrained tissues properties. Despite this, the Cres is mistakenly treated as a fixed point with an approximate location. This oversimplified Cres’ view allowed orthodontists to describe a complete physical theory of various tooth movements, like rotation and translation, by single vectors, even though Cres’ precise location is elusive. The article first demonstrates that only fixed-appliance orthodontics utilizes the three basic physical movement types similar to free bodies, namely translation, tipping, and couple, while removable appliances can utilize only tipping. Therefore, it is evident that fixed appliances can only achieve accurate tooth movement by controlling the Cres location and moving it from the root to the slot center back and forth, as needed. The article argues that controlling the Cres location is the key to achieving the highest treatment success. This contrasts with the relatively lower efficiency of removable appliances, including clear aligners.
Enhancing Rotator Cuff Repair in Rabbit Osteoporosis With Chitosan Quaternary Ammonium Salt–Coated Nickel-Titanium Memory Alloy Anchors
Authors: Zhang Mingtao , Deng Liangna , Zhang Borong , Liu Jiaxin , Yang Chenhui , Liu Tao , Yang Zhitao , Jiang Jin , Kang Xuewen , Yun Xiangdong
Published: January 2025

Background:

For patients with osteoporosis and rotator cuff tears, there is still no consensus on current treatment methods. The material, structure, and number of anchors have important effects on the repair outcome.

Purpose:

To investigate the use of chitosan quaternary ammonium salt–coated nickel-titanium memory alloy (NTMA) anchors to treat rotator cuff injury in shoulders with osteoporosis in a rabbit osteoporosis model.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A novel winged NTMA anchor was designed to test in normal and osteoporotic bone models in vitro. These models were assessed for maximum failure load and bone damage in various traction directions. A chitosan–sodium alginate composite was coated onto NTMA anchor surfaces using glutaraldehyde cross-linking and electrostatic layering techniques. An osteoporotic rabbit model was created using ovariectomy combined with glucocorticoid treatment. A rabbit model with acute injury to the supraspinatus muscle was established and repaired using titanium alloy anchors, NTMA anchors, and coated NTMA (CNTMA) anchors. To evaluate the efficacy of the anchors, biomechanical testing and staining with hematoxylin and eosin were performed 6 and 12 weeks after surgery. A micro–computed tomography scan was performed 12 weeks after surgery.

Results:

In the osteoporotic bone model, NTMA anchors exhibited greater failure loads than titanium anchors under 45° and 90° traction forces ( P < .05). The surface-modified material showed a lower contact angle compared with unmodified material. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays showed that the composite coating promoted osteoblast proliferation. The CNTMA anchor group exhibited the greatest maximum failure load at each time point. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed greater trabecular thickness in the CNTMA anchor group than in the other groups at 6 and 12 weeks after surgery. At 12 weeks after surgery, micro–computed tomography revealed an increased number and thickness of bone trabeculae in the NTMA anchor group, along with a widened trabecular gap ( P < .05). After the NTMA anchor biplane unfolded, the gap between the biplane and anchor showed bone tissue growth.

Conclusion:

Chitosan quaternary ammonium salt–coated NTMA anchors enhanced fixation strength and promoted local osteogenesis during osteoporotic rotator cuff repair, suggesting that the use of these anchors facilitates the repair of osteoporotic rotator cuff injuries in osteoporotic bones.

Clinical Relevance:

Innovations in anchor nailing may be effective in reducing rates of repair failure for rotator cuff tears combined with osteoporosis.
Impact of peritoneal dialysis on weight gain in a patient with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Iimori Misa , Kitani Takashi , Shiotsu Yayoi , Sunahara Yasuto , Morimoto Mari , Asai Kanako , Urata Noriko , Ono Junko , Kusaba Tetsuro , Tamagaki Keiichi
Published: January 2025

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder characterized by restriction of energy intake leading to a significantly low body weight, and intense fear of gaining weight. Severe electrolyte changes such as hypokalemia and hypophosphatemia; and alterations in water metabolism such as hyponatremia and edema, can occur in patients with AN. Hypokalemia and chronic volume depletion may lead to acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). There are few reports of patients with AN who require maintenance dialysis. Therefore, it is unclear whether hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD) is suitable for such patients. We report a case of kidney failure that developed in the patient with AN who received successful psychiatric treatment aimed at weight gain while performing PD. The safety of PD may be improved in patients who also undergo cognitive behavioral psychotherapeutic intervention.
3D Engineered scaffolds of conjugated polymers/metal organic frameworks for biomedical applications
Authors: Sharifabad Amin Hosseini , Ghanbari Roham , Saeb Mohammad Reza , Zare Ehsan Nazarzadeh , Rossi Filippo , Salami-Kalajahi Mehdi , Makvandi Pooyan
Published: January 2025

The extracellular matrix can be replicated by 3D scaffolds, providing a favorable environment for cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. Despite their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioactivity, the poor mechanical strength of 3D scaffolds limits their use for heavy loads. This creates a bottleneck in the supply of scaffolds with enhanced mechanical strength and all the previously mentioned characteristics. Conjugated polymers have emerged as a promising option for 3D scaffold construction due to their electrical conductivity, adjustable surface qualities, and ability to transfer bioactive molecules. Moreover, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a rapidly emerging class of nanomaterials due to their uniform porosity, excellent surface-to-volume ratio, variable and diverse configurations, as well as tuanble chemical structures. While both conjugated polymer-based and MOF-based 3D scaffolds suffer from drawbacks such as low mechanical stability and possible toxicity, their combination is an imperative strategy to construct desirable 3D scaffols for biomedical applications. Specific examples of investigated conjugated polymer-MOF 3D scaffolds are provided in each area, along with an explanation of their synthesis, fabrication method, and the physicochemical and mechanical properties. Finally, the biomedical applications of conjugated polymers/MOF 3D scaffolds in tissue engineering and cancer theragnostic are reviewed, along with current challenges and potential future directions are discussed.
A data model-driven prediction and compensation strategy for load disturbances in CNC machine tool feeding systems via digital twin technology
Authors: Zhang Xu , Xie Xiaozheng
Published: January 2025

To address the problem of dynamic performance fluctuations in the feed system of CNC machine tools due to load perturbation, which in turn affects machining accuracy, this paper proposes a load prediction and compensation strategy that combines digital twin technology with the dual-drive mechanism of a data model based on a two-axis feed system. First, a digital twin mechanism model of the CNC machine tool feeding system is constructed to simulate and compensate for the load perturbation and realize the virtual mapping of the actual system behavior. Subsequently, the recursive least squares method with a variable forgetting factor combined with the GRU-gated recurrent neural network method is used to dynamically correct and compensate for the mechanism model’s load prediction and compensation results. Finally, the dynamic updating of the experimental results at the visualization level and the interaction between reality and fiction is realized by building a digital twin experimental platform. The experimental results show that the method can control the relative prediction error within 4% and the relative compensation error within 6%, which can significantly improve the quality of workpiece surface machining and the overall performance of the machine tool.
Experimental investigation of R600a as a drop-in replacement for R134a in a VCRS-based magnetized water chiller
Authors: Deshmukh Rahul G , Zanwar Dinesh R , Joshi Sandeep S , Joshi Yogesh G
Published: January 2025

Taking into consideration the substantial contribution of VCRS-based water chillers to building energy consumption, innovative approaches are needed to improve COP. One promising method involves the use of magnetization on the liquid line of the condenser, enhancing the performance of the system. In current research study, drop-in replacement effects were examined under the influence of two magnetic configurations: pair of magnets (MC-1) and a Halbach array (MC-2) with field strengths of 3000 G and 7200 G, respectively. The number of magnetizers was varied from 1 to 4. Tests were conducted at an ambient temperature of 28 ± 0.5°C, using R134a as the main refrigerant and R600a as the drop-in replacement. This study reports the influence of drop-in replacement on conventional water chiller. Further, the effects of magnetization on both systems have been discussed in detail. The maximum percentage enhancement in cooling effect for R134a with MC-1 and MC-2 was observed to be 5.70 and 8.92, respectively, and for R600a, it was found to be 6.19 and 9.77, respectively. Experimental findings revealed reductions in compressor power consumption by 2.9% for R134a and 5.88% for R600a with an increased number of magnetizers from 1 to 4 for MC-1. Additionally, for R134a and R600a with MC-2, reduction was found to be 4.85% and 7.97%, respectively. COP improvements of drop-in replacement water chillers were noted at 14.6% and 17.64% with MC-1 and MC-2, respectively, compared to the original system. Finally, significant reductions in CO2 emissions of 35.7% and 37.37% were observed under MC-1 and MC-2, respectively.
Microstructural and micro-hardness analysis of friction stir-welded AA6101/C11000 dissimilar joints with a hybrid interlayer
Authors: Payak Viresh , Paulraj Jawahar , Roy Barnik Saha , Choudhury Smrity , Das Rahul
Published: January 2025

In applications like busbars, electrical connectors, and heat exchangers, Al–Cu joints are increasingly popular for their cost-effectiveness and weight reduction. Friction stir welding (FSW) is a promising technique for creating sound Al–Cu joints, which are essential for ensuring the mechanical strength and electrical conductivity required in power systems. Stronger joints can enhance system durability and reduce the risk of failure. This study explores the impact of tool rotational speed (TRS) and tool traverse speed (TTS) on the microstructure and microhardness of friction stir-welded (FSWed) 3 mm thick AA6101/C11000 dissimilar joints with a hybrid interlayer (Ag and Zn). Microstructural examinations using scanning electron microscopy and phase evaluation were performed using X-ray diffraction. The present study carefully derived the optimum weld parameters contributing to the welded specimen's sound welds and microhardness. Varied traverse speeds (0.75, 1.25, and 2.25 mm/sec) exhibit distinct micro-hardness influenced by intermetallic layer thickness and brittleness. This manuscript highlights the influence of TRS (800–1800 rpm) on intermetallic compound (IMC) formation, with higher speeds yielding thicker IMC layers and increased microhardness. The optimal weld surface was achieved at 1200 rpm, indicating excellent material mixing, particle dispersion, and the formation of a composite structure in the stir zone. This resulted in a minimum microhardness of 98.33 ± 11.08 [Formula: see text]. The findings suggest that parametric optimization of FSW can effectively control the morphology and formation of micro constituents, enhancing the strength of Al-Cu joints.
Investigating the corrosion relationship and biomechanical effectiveness of Ti6Al4V screws Coated hBN and HA in triangular configuration for femoral neck fracture fixation using 3D modeling and numerical analysis
Authors: Gok Kadir , Gok Arif
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the biomechanical behavior and corrosion resistance of Ti6Al4V screws coated with hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and hydroxyapatite (HA) for femoral neck fracture fixation using a triangular configuration under axial loading. Utilizing 3D modeling software (Geomagic Studio and SolidWorks) and numerical analysis with AnsysWorkbench, the screws were designed and analyzed. The study aimed to determine the biomechanical effects and corrosion relationships of Ti6Al4V coated with hBN and HA. Comparative analysis revealed that Ti6Al4V-HA exhibited higher gap (0.036427), penetration (0.0028631), and sliding distance values (0.0024398) compared to Ti6Al4V-hBN (gap: 0.036196, penetration: 0.0028579, sliding distance: 0.0024300), indicating greater reactivity and corrosion potential. Conversely, Ti6Al4V-hBN demonstrated superior corrosion resistance. The findings suggest that hBN-coated Ti6Al4V screws provide improved stability and reduced stress concentration, which are critical for successful fracture fixation. Additionally, hBN coating effectively reduced the corrosion rate of Ti6Al4V in simulated body fluids, enhancing implant longevity and patient safety. However, further in vivo studies are necessary to validate these findings and assess long-term performance and biocompatibility. The study underscores the need to consider multiple factors in implant material selection to gain a comprehensive understanding of corrosion behavior. Overall, this research lays the groundwork for future advancements in orthopedic implant technology and has the potential to improve patient outcomes in fracture management.
Two Waves of the Neo-Ottoman Invasion: The Turkish Dizi and Pakistani TV Drama
Authors: Gopal Sangita
Published: January 2025

This article explores the dynamics of transnational media formation by comparing the reception of Turkish television serials ( dizis) in Pakistan with how Turkey is signified in dramas produced in Pakistan and set in Turkey/Pakistan. It identifies two phases to suggest that when the dizi first arrives in Pakistan, the values and visibilities projected on Turkish serials remain ‘foreign’ and ‘other’ to many audiences, even if their flawless presentation of ‘modernity’ is alluring. Even as Turkish content was flooding Pakistan, the Turkish government offered incentives to Pakistani media companies to shoot on location in Turkey. I focus on two Pakistani dramas set in Turkey to discern how the encounter with Turkey was thematised as both lure and threat to Pakistani social norms and the formal conventions of the national genre of Urdu TV drama. I then move to the second and current phase and examine the statist reconfiguration of Turkish television in Pakistan. Historical dizis, such as Dirilis Ertuğrul and Kuruluş Osman, reframe the confrontation between foreign and domestic forms through a trans-territorial Islamic world-making that enables Turkish and Pakistani states to direct their televisual publics via a shared past to possible futures.
Digitalising medieval accounting research: Andrea Barbarigo’s Venetian Cash Account 1430–1434
Authors: Kuter Mikhail , Sangster Alan , Gurskaya Marina , Lugovsky Denis , Evtykh Susanna
Published: January 2025

This article reports the research process, methodology and findings of a digital investigation of a Venetian merchant's journal and ledger from the first half of the fifteenth century. Several unexpected findings resulted, including a cash account that had a continuous credit balance for almost a year, and cessation of the journal for two months during a lengthy period when the business appeared to downsize and shrink before re-emerging after the journal was restarted. The contributions of this article relate (1) to its presentation of a digital research methodology that can be utilised by anyone with an interest in exploring beneath the numbers of archival account books; and (2) as exemplified in the unexpected findings, to the benefit of adopting this digital methodology that presents the journal and ledger in a way never previously attempted, vastly increasing the opportunities for investigation and discovery compared to traditional approaches and methods.
Marital Relationship Education in Saudi Arabia: Reflections on a Pilot Program for Women
Authors: Almalki Sarah A.
Published: January 2025

Saudi women tend to remain in unhappy marriages rather than initiating a divorce, leading to high rates of “emotional divorce.” A lack of problem-solving and healthy communication skills puts women in a vulnerable position in their marriage. Relationship education programs have been proven to effectively support healthier marriages. I delivered an adapted, evidence-based marital education program to 25 rural Saudi women. I examined their relationship education needs using a qualitative approach consisting of focus group, interviews, and my reflections. Data were analyzed deductively, and findings offered crucial insights into four domains of relationship education: the program environment, participants, design and delivery, and the program facilitator. The study found that program recruitment and access were facilitated by official college and community partnerships and communication; however, women indicated that household and transportation issues restricted their program access. Implications for both research and practice are considered.
Orbital reactive lymphoid hyperplasia: Case series and literature review
Authors: Ajanaku Ayodeji , Fenech Matthew , Ghadiri Nima , Coupland Sarah E
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to describe a case series of patients diagnosed with orbital reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) at a single tertiary care centre. A retrospective review was conducted by searching electronic medical records at Liverpool University NHS Foundation Trust (LUHFT) from 1st December 2021 - 1st December 2023, to identify all patients with a histological diagnosis. Ten patients with an orbital histological diagnosis of RLH were identified. Median age at diagnosis was 56.5 years. Proptosis was the most prevalent presenting symptom, while other signs included palpable mass, ptosis, and diplopia. Eight patients were treated with oral prednisolone, with 20% (two) achieving complete remission. Additional treatments utilised in these cases encompassed doxycycline, mycophenolate, ciclosporin, and azathioprine.

This case series represents one of the few reports focusing exclusively on orbital RLH. Notably, bone erosion was observed in this study, a finding that has been scarcely linked to RLH in the literature.
Roar of relational peoples
Authors: McMahon Mishel
Published: January 2025

Human consciousness remains an uncontested space. Listening and learning as an Aboriginal researcher to First Nations, Indigenous, African and Pacific Islander Peoples, it became apparent at a philosophical level that there is a shared view of reality. Relational ontology and connected key concepts from various international authors are presented. Demonstrating that despite the dominant Western cultural systems of thought, the earth also holds a loud roar from relational peoples, as they declare their ways of knowing in a world continually experiencing environmental loss and a lack of humanity between people. These voices come from unique and sovereign cultures, but they are also all people groups who position humans, nature and the spirit world as equal entities in their view of reality. However, to begin, this article first shifts the sociological lens onto Western cultural hierarchal thought, to understand how the Western mind became the apex entity.
Nanoparticles in Soil Reclamation: A Review of Their Role in Reducing Soil Compaction
Authors: Alkhaza’leh Hasan , Rahbeh Michel , Hamadneh Imad , AL-Mashakbeh Habes , Albalawna Zohuir
Published: January 2025

Rapid population growth and increased use of agricultural technology have exacerbated agrarian problems. While mechanization has improved agricultural production, the use of heavy machinery for planting, irrigation, and harvesting has resulted in soil compaction. Soil compaction reduces pore space and increases soil bulk density, which hinders plant growth. Globally, automated agriculture has reduced crop production by more than 50%. In developing countries, grazing animals in crop fields increases soil compaction. Soil compaction hinders root penetration, nutrient absorption, and water infiltration, increasing the risk of soil erosion and runoff. The study investigates novel ways to reduce soil compaction, namely the utilization of nanoparticles (NPs) and nanotechnology (NT). NPs have unique qualities that can improve the mechanical properties of soil, increase its strength, and minimize compaction. Some of the NPs such as Carbon nanotubes, nanolites, nanosilica, and nanoclay have been demonstrated to increase soil fertility, water retention, and structural stability. NPs can reduce environmental pollutants while improving soil quality. However, questions about their long-term biodegradability, ecological toxicity, and health effects require further investigation. The study also addressed how NPs affect the environment and human health. Their small size raises concerns about potential exposure and toxicity to individuals and ecosystems. The paper also briefly discusses the economic and regulatory considerations related to the production, use, and disposal of NPs, emphasizing the need for comprehensive legislation, environmental impact studies, and stakeholder involvement in decision-making. Although NPs offer promise for sustainable agriculture practices, more research is necessary to optimize their use and ensure long-term safety, as well as to gain a better understanding of their unique interactions with soil physics.
Early childhood pedagogy, human values and the social contract
Authors: Acker Aleksandra , Nyland Berenice
Published: January 2025

This paper examines the role early childhood education has as an institution that potentially provides for children from differing cultural and language backgrounds and instils respect and tolerance for difference. The particular focus is an emphasis in the Australian early childhood national curriculum that presents a strengthened importance on First Nation Australians. As a country Australia has had a history of racism since European occupation. This attitude has had a detrimental impact on First Australians and many migrants. The context of the paper is the recent national referendum where the Australian populace denied a voice to parliament for Indigenous Australians. In this paper we explore initiatives introduced to support the idea of reconciliation by introducing Aboriginal perspectives into the early childhood curriculum. The research is project-based and we examine the role of early education in supporting long-term equity and social justice in a country that still suffers from a colonial/settler outlook.
What could justify a prohibition on the luxury emissions of the very rich?
Authors: Corvino Fausto
Published: January 2025

In this article, I discuss whether, in addition to pricing emissions, we should prohibit a specific category of luxury emissions, those arising from goods and services that only the richest can afford. In the first part, I ask whether a justification for such a prohibition can be derived from emissions sufficientarianism. I argue that emissions sufficientarianism does not explain why we should prohibit only high-wealth emissions and not also the recursive production of emissions that are neither high-wealth nor subsistence. Moreover, it does not provide a reason why we should prevent the production of high-wealth emissions by those who have offset them ex ante. In the second part, I ask whether a justification for the prohibition of high-wealth emissions can be based on emissions limitarianism. I argue that emissions limitarianism can explain why we should prohibit only high-wealth emissions, but it cannot account for why high-wealth emissions are bad even if they are offset ex ante. In the third part, I use two arguments, positional consumption and moral disengagement, to explain why carbon offsetting cannot be used as a means of circumventing the emissions ceiling. I conclude with a brief overview of the policy implications of this normative discussion.
Identifying and Applying a Strength-Based Research Approach in Indigenous Health
Authors: Lines Laurie-Ann , Jardine Cynthia G.
Published: January 2025

Strength-based approaches are regarded as being effective in research with communities but there are minimal examples of application as a research approach, particularly in health, with Indigenous populations, and with youth. Systemic racism manifested through colonization, including in academic institutions, has contributed to historical and ongoing traumas by supporting the overuse of deficit-based approaches with Indigenous populations in many disciplines, including health. We present our creation and application of a strength-based methodological approach to research in health alongside Dene First Nation youth. It was developed on principles consistent with the strength-based paradigms in social work, psychology, and education. We share four main components of strength-based research approach: 1) identifying strengths, 2) prioritizing and creating descriptions of strengths, 3) refining strengths by gathering contextual examples, and 4) depicting strengths to plan future research. Each component included qualitative methods (such as asset-mapping, nominal group technique, storytelling interviews, and participatory 360-degree video) that reflected aspects of strength-based approaches and emphasized active participation, multiple knowledge sources, and empowerment. Utilizing this approach promoted connectivity to the larger environment, inclusivity of multi-knowledge sources, agency and voice, increased empowerment, and practicality in action. We share challenges and lessons learned from exploring a strength-based approach in health research and provide insights for researchers interested in applying a strength-based approach to research, particularly in Indigenous health.
Lived Experiences and Coping Strategies of Unpaid Informal Caregivers of Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Singapore: A Qualitative Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Gao Jonathan , Nai Ze Ling , Tan Woan Shin , Teng Poh Hoon June , Neo Yu Wei , Chan Ee Yuee
Published: January 2025

Singapore’s population is rapidly ageing, and the city-state is expected to be a super-aged society by 2030. The difficulties and experiences of caregivers of older adults are gaining attention, and various measures to support them have been implemented. Yet, caregivers continue to face challenges ranging from financial difficulties to mental and emotional issues. Qualitative research can provide in-depth understanding on challenges faced by caregivers and how they manage their responsibilities, thus informing both policy and practice. This review aims to synthesize qualitative evidence on the lived experiences and coping strategies of unpaid informal caregivers of community-dwelling older adults in Singapore. A literature search will be conducted on CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Relevant websites will also be searched for grey literature. All citations will be screened by two reviewers independently. For included studies, two reviewers will independently: (a) extract data, (b) appraise quality, and (c) assess confidence in review findings. Thematic synthesis will be used to synthesize all included studies. The findings of this review are expected to increase understanding of Singaporean caregivers’ circumstances and highlight implications for interventions and/or policy development.
Conducting a Grounded Theory Study in the Wake of a Traumatic Event: A Research Protocol
Authors: Ferguson Adele , Ward Kim , Parke Rachael
Published: January 2025

Aims

To explore the perspectives of people who worked at Whakatāne Hospital during and following a mass casualty event from the Whakaari/White Island eruption in New Zealand.

Background

The eruption of Whakaari / White Island on December 09th, 2019, significantly impacted many people in New Zealand and internationally. Whakatāne Hospital, a rural hospital in New Zealand, received a mass casualty alert in response to this event. Whakaari holds genealogical significance for Māori (Indigenous) people of the Mataatua region, the Eastern Bay of Plenty. Many local stories and waiata (songs) about this ancestral volcano are still told today.

Design

A research protocol for conducting a grounded theory study in the wake of a traumatic event.

Methods

Grounded theory (GT), a structured yet flexible methodology, is ideal for understanding a phenomenon in a research area where evidence is limited. It asserts that reality is constructed by those who experience it. In this context, recognising cultural knowledge ( Mātauranga Māori) is crucial to ensure the validity of cultural inclusivity and equity in the research process and generation of data.

Conclusion

The GT developed from this study will be based on the experiences of selected participants and will also explore the importance of cultural factors, such as indigenous knowledge, in conducting research on traumatic events.

Implications for the Profession and for Patient Care

The results from this grounded theory research will provide data for healthcare practitioners in developing resources and policies to enhance health system preparedness and responsiveness to disasters, improving future crisis management protocols.

Reporting Method

EQUATOR guidelines have been adhered to Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research COREQ.

Public Contribution

Mr Arona Smith and Mrs TeReinga.Kingi-Chase were actively involved in the design of this study, contributing their expertise in Mātauranga Māori.
Impact of correlation structure on sample size requirements of statistical methods for multiple binary outcomes: A simulation study
Authors: Fuyama Kanako , Sakamaki Kentaro , Uemura Kohei , Yokota Isao
Published: January 2025

Background

In randomized clinical trials, multiple-testing procedures, composite endpoints, and prioritized outcome approaches are increasingly used to analyze multiple binary outcomes. Previous studies have shown that correlations between outcomes influence their sample size requirements. Although sample size is an important factor affecting the choice of statistical methods, the power and required sample sizes of methods for analyzing multiple binary outcomes have yet to be compared under the influence of outcome correlations.

Methods

We conducted simulations to evaluate the power of co-primary and multiple primary endpoints, composite endpoints, and prioritized outcome approaches based on generalized pairwise comparisons with varying correlations, marginal proportions, treatment effects, and number of outcomes. We then conducted a case study on sample size using a clinical trial of a migraine treatment as an example.

Results

The correlations significantly affected the statistical power and sample size of composite endpoints. The power and sample size of co-primary endpoints remained relatively stable across different correlations, though their power declined substantially when treatment effects were opposite on some components or more than two components were present. While the correlations influenced the power and sample size of all methods assessed, their direction and degree of influence varied between methods. Notably, the method with the greatest power and smallest sample size also differed depending on the correlations. When the correlations were the same between arms, prioritized outcome approaches usually had higher power and smaller sample sizes than other methods.

Conclusions

Anticipated correlations and their uncertainty should be considered when selecting statistical methods. Overall, co-primary endpoints remain a reliable option for evaluating the superiority of all components, although they are unsuitable for assessing the balance between treatment effects pointing in different directions. Generalized pairwise comparisons offer a useful alternative to deal with multiple prioritized outcomes, often providing the smallest sample sizes when the correlation structures are shared between the arms.
The symbiotic relationship between Volodymyr Zelensky and Western news: Authenticity and performance in Ukraine’s fight against Russia
Authors: Hallgren Liz
Published: January 2025

A close reading of Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky’s self-produced social media content alongside Western news outlets’ profiles of Zelensky from the first months of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 illuminates a symbiotic relationship of drama-making that is mutually beneficial for Zelensky’s military and the West’s journalistic interests. Performing as a scrappy underdog turned brilliant military mind, Zelensky provides the Western press with an authentic protagonist figure who makes ideal fodder for a Western news style steeped in drama-making and a natural fit for the individualized storytelling core to the genre of the profile piece. While genre is an aesthetic categorizing tool, it is also a signal of the sociohistorical conditions of texts’ production and circulation. Thus, taken as products of their moment, the profile pieces and their interplay with Zelensky’s short form, seemingly grassroots social media videos are revealing of the value system underpinning journalism in the West, and the society it reflects.
Factors to consider when designing post-hospital interventions to support critical illness recovery: Systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Stewart Jonathan , Pauley Ellen , Wilson Danielle , Bradley Judy , Hart Nigel , McAuley Danny
Published: January 2025

Background:

Survivors of intensive care unit (ICU) admission experience significant deficits in health-related quality of life due to long-term physical, psychological, and cognitive sequelae of critical illness, which may persist for many years. There has been a proliferation of post-hospital interventions in recent years which aim to support ICU-survivors, however there is currently limited evidence to inform optimal approach. We therefore aimed to synthesise factors which impacted the implementation of these interventions from the perspective of healthcare providers, patients, and their carers, and to compare different intervention designs.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic review and synthesis of qualitative evidence using four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Web of Science) which were searched from inception to May 2024. The extraction and synthesis of factors which impacted intervention implementation was informed by the domains of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist.

Results:

Thirty-seven studies were included, reporting on a range of interventions including follow-up clinics and rehabilitation programmes. We identified some overarching principles and specific intervention component and design factors which may support in the design of future strategies to improve outcomes for ICU survivors. For each intervention characteristic, various patient, staff, and setting factors were found to impact implementation. Considering how the intervention will rely on and integrate with existing outpatient and community resources is likely to be important.

Conclusion:

This review provides a framework to future research examining the optimal approach to supporting ICU survivor recovery following hospital discharge.
Efficacy and safety of dual-targeted therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: a retrospective multicenter study in China
Authors: Jin Xiuxiu , Sun Kefang , Wang Liying , Shen Haiyan , Ma Dan , Shen Tejia , Chen Chunxiao , Li Lan
Published: January 2025

Background:

Treatment options for patients with refractory inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or concomitant IBD and extraintestinal manifestations (EIM) are often limited.

Objective:

This study aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of combining biologics or small molecules in patients with refractory IBD, active EIM, or active immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID).

Design:

This was a retrospective and multicenter study.

Methods:

We retrospectively collected demographics and disease characteristics from 47 patients with IBD who received dual-targeted therapy in 3 hospitals from January 2022 to June 2024. The primary endpoint was clinical remission based on the Harvey–Bradshaw index or patient-reported outcome 2 after at least 4 months of combination therapy. The secondary endpoints included clinical response, endoscopic response, and endoscopic remission, as well as all adverse events that occurred within the period of combination therapy.

Results:

In total, 47 IBD patients including 37 with refractory IBD, 5 with active EIM, and 5 with active IMID received dual-targeted therapy, of which 37 achieved clinical response (78.7%) and 27 achieved clinical remission (57.4%) at a median follow-up time of 13.0 months. Among these 47 patients, 29 patients underwent endoscopic follow-up, of which 15 (51.7%) achieved endoscopic response and 8 (27.6%) achieved endoscopic remission at a median follow-up time of 9.0 months. Mild and moderate adverse events were reported in 17 (36.2%) patients within the period of combination therapy, and serious adverse events requiring hospitalization occurred in 1 patient (2.1%).

Conclusion:

The combination therapy of biologics and small molecules for refractory IBD or those with concomitant EIM/IMID is effective and safe.
Feelings About Intercultural Development: A Review of Research on International Students’ Intercultural Adjustment Experiences From an Emotion Perspective
Authors: Zheng (郑维佳) Weijia
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This article presents a critical review of the theoretical and empirical research on international students’ intercultural adjustment experiences from an emotion perspective.

Design/Approach/Methods

Existing studies are reviewed and analyzed by comparing their underlying approaches of conceptualizing and analyzing emotion.

Findings

The findings suggest that existing studies have gradually extended research horizons, from detecting and addressing the problematic nature of emotion, to uncovering and promoting its potential in personal development, and finally toward an emerging trend of acknowledging and embracing the dialectics and sociocultural complexities of emotional adjustment. A more inclusive research agenda is essential to grasp the individual uniqueness, social interactivity, and multiple facets of real-life emotional intercultural adjustment phenomena, thereby expanding the boundaries of existing research and strengthening its potential to understand and guide international educational practices.

Originality/Value

This study analyzes the changes in the research approach of emotional intercultural adjustment from a historical and macro perspective. The review proposes the importance of a holistic, time- and context-based view in understanding real-life emotional intercultural adjustment phenomena to empower international students and promote meaningful social transformation in an era of local and global uncertainties.
Milky White Supernatant in the Cardiopulmonary Bypass Circuit in Severe Hypertriglyceridemia During Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Poornima Reddy Sandhya , KP Unnikrishnan , Azeez Aspari Mahammad
Published: January 2025

We present a case of severe hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) in a 21-month old female undergoing cardiac surgery for a ventricular septal defect and subaortic membrane excision. During the operation, a milky white supernatant was observed in the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit, prompting immediate lipid profile testing that revealed elevated triglycerides. The management involved maintaining anticoagulation with heparin dose–response testing and ensuring oxygenator function by measuring blood gas analysis, lactate, and arterial line pressure. The child recovered without complications. This case highlights the critical need for prompt identification and management of HTG in pediatric cardiac surgery to mitigate risks and ensure successful outcomes.