bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exosomes harbor B cell targets in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and exert decoy function against complement-mediated cytotoxicity
Authors: Capello Michela , Vykoukal Jody V. , Katayama Hiroyuki , Bantis Leonidas E. , Wang Hong , Kundnani Deepali L. , Aguilar-Bonavides Clemente , Aguilar Mitzi , Tripathi Satyendra C. , Dhillon Dilsher S. , Momin Amin A. , Peters Haley , Katz Matthew H. , Alvarez Hector , Bernard Vincent , Ferri-Borgogno Sammy , Brand Randall , Adler Douglas G. , Firpo Matthew A. , Mulvihill Sean J. , Molldrem Jeffrey J. , Feng Ziding , Taguchi Ayumu , Maitra Anirban , Hanash Samir M.
Published: January 2019

Although B cell response is frequently found in cancer, there is little evidence that it alters tumor development or progression. The process through which tumor-associated antigens trigger humoral response is not well delineated. We investigate the repertoire of antigens associated with humoral immune response in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) using in-depth proteomic profiling of immunoglobulin-bound proteins from PDAC patient plasmas and identify tumor antigens that induce antibody response together with exosome hallmark proteins. Additional profiling of PDAC cell-derived exosomes reveals significant overlap in their protein content with immunoglobulin-bound proteins in PDAC plasmas, and significant autoantibody reactivity is observed between PDAC cell-derived exosomes and patient plasmas compared to healthy controls. Importantly, PDAC-derived exosomes induce a dose-dependent inhibition of PDAC serum-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity towards cancer cells. In summary, we provide evidence that exosomes display a large repertoire of tumor antigens that induce autoantibodies and exert a decoy function against complement-mediated cytotoxicity.
Regulation of in vivo dynein force production by CDK5 and 14-3-3ε and KIAA0528
Authors: Chapman Dail E. , Reddy Babu J. N. , Huy Bunchhin , Bovyn Matthew J. , Cruz Stephen John S. , Al-Shammari Zahraa M. , Han Han , Wang Wenqi , Smith Deanna S. , Gross Steven P.
Published: January 2019

Single-molecule cytoplasmic dynein function is well understood, but there are major gaps in mechanistic understanding of cellular dynein regulation. We reported a mode of dynein regulation, force adaptation, where lipid droplets adapt to opposition to motion by increasing the duration and magnitude of force production, and found LIS1 and NudEL to be essential. Adaptation reflects increasing NudEL-LIS1 utilization; here, we hypothesize that such increasing utilization reflects CDK5-mediated NudEL phosphorylation, which increases the dynein-NudEL interaction, and makes force adaptation possible. We report that CDK5, 14-3-3ε, and CDK5 cofactor KIAA0528 together promote NudEL phosphorylation and are essential for force adaptation. By studying the process in COS-1 cells lacking Tau, we avoid confounding neuronal effects of CDK5 on microtubules. Finally, we extend this in vivo regulatory pathway to lysosomes and mitochondria. Ultimately, we show that dynein force adaptation can control the severity of lysosomal tug-of-wars among other intracellular transport functions involving high force.
The HisCl1 histamine receptor acts in photoreceptors to synchronize Drosophila behavioral rhythms with light-dark cycles
Authors: Alejevski Faredin , Saint-Charles Alexandra , Michard-Vanhée Christine , Martin Béatrice , Galant Sonya , Vasiliauskas Daniel , Rouyer François
Published: January 2019

In Drosophila, the clock that controls rest-activity rhythms synchronizes with light-dark cycles through either the blue-light sensitive cryptochrome (Cry) located in most clock neurons, or rhodopsin-expressing histaminergic photoreceptors. Here we show that, in the absence of Cry, each of the two histamine receptors Ort and HisCl1 contribute to entrain the clock whereas no entrainment occurs in the absence of the two receptors. In contrast to Ort, HisCl1 does not restore entrainment when expressed in the optic lobe interneurons. Indeed, HisCl1 is expressed in wild-type photoreceptors and entrainment is strongly impaired in flies with photoreceptors mutant for HisCl1. Rescuing HisCl1 expression in the Rh6-expressing photoreceptors restores entrainment but it does not in other photoreceptors, which send histaminergic inputs to Rh6-expressing photoreceptors. Our results thus show that Rh6-expressing neurons contribute to circadian entrainment as both photoreceptors and interneurons, recalling the dual function of melanopsin-expressing ganglion cells in the mammalian retina.
Recurrent activating mutations of PPARγ associated with luminal bladder tumors
Authors: Rochel Natacha , Krucker Clémentine , Coutos-Thévenot Laure , Osz Judit , Zhang Ruiyun , Guyon Elodie , Zita Wayne , Vanthong Séverin , Hernandez Oscar Alba , Bourguet Maxime , Badawy Kays Al , Dufour Florent , Peluso-Iltis Carole , Heckler-Beji Syrine , Dejaegere Annick , Kamoun Aurélie , de Reyniès Aurélien , Neuzillet Yann , Rebouissou Sandra , Béraud Claire , Lang Hervé , Massfelder Thierry , Allory Yves , Cianférani Sarah , Stote Roland H. , Radvanyi François , Bernard-Pierrot Isabelle
Published: January 2019

The upregulation of PPARγ/RXRα transcriptional activity has emerged as a key event in luminal bladder tumors. It renders tumor cell growth PPARγ-dependent and modulates the tumor microenvironment to favor escape from immuno-surveillance. The activation of the pathway has been linked to PPARG gains/amplifications resulting in PPARγ overexpression and to recurrent activating point mutations of RXRα. Here, we report recurrent mutations of PPARγ that also activate the PPARγ/RXRα pathway, conferring PPARγ-dependency and supporting a crucial role of PPARγ in luminal bladder cancer. These mutations are found throughout the protein—including N-terminal, DNA-binding and ligand-binding domains—and most of them enhance protein activity. Structure-function studies of PPARγ variants with mutations in the ligand-binding domain allow identifying structural elements that underpin their gain-of-function. Our study reveals genomic alterations of PPARG that lead to pro-tumorigenic PPARγ/RXRα pathway activation in luminal bladder tumors and may open the way towards alternative options for treatment.
A unifying framework for interpreting and predicting mutualistic systems
Authors: Wu Feilun , Lopatkin Allison J. , Needs Daniel A. , Lee Charlotte T. , Mukherjee Sayan , You Lingchong
Published: January 2019

Coarse-grained rules are widely used in chemistry, physics and engineering. In biology, however, such rules are less common and under-appreciated. This gap can be attributed to the difficulty in establishing general rules to encompass the immense diversity and complexity of biological systems. Furthermore, even when a rule is established, it is often challenging to map it to mechanistic details and to quantify these details. Here we report a framework that addresses these challenges for mutualistic systems. We first deduce a general rule that predicts the various outcomes of mutualistic systems, including coexistence and productivity. We further develop a standardized machine-learning-based calibration procedure to use the rule without the need to fully elucidate or characterize their mechanistic underpinnings. Our approach consistently provides explanatory and predictive power with various simulated and experimental mutualistic systems. Our strategy can pave the way for establishing and implementing other simple rules for biological systems.
Image-based modeling of kidney branching morphogenesis reveals GDNF-RET based Turing-type mechanism and pattern-modulating WNT11 feedback
Authors: Menshykau Denis , Michos Odyssé , Lang Christine , Conrad Lisa , McMahon Andrew P. , Iber Dagmar
Published: January 2019

Branching patterns and regulatory networks differ between branched organs. It has remained unclear whether a common regulatory mechanism exists and how organ-specific patterns can emerge. Of all previously proposed signalling-based mechanisms, only a ligand-receptor-based Turing mechanism based on FGF10 and SHH quantitatively recapitulates the lung branching patterns. We now show that a GDNF-dependent ligand-receptor-based Turing mechanism quantitatively recapitulates branching of cultured wildtype and mutant ureteric buds, and achieves similar branching patterns when directing domain outgrowth in silico. We further predict and confirm experimentally that the kidney-specific positive feedback between WNT11 and GDNF permits the dense packing of ureteric tips. We conclude that the ligand-receptor based Turing mechanism presents a common regulatory mechanism for lungs and kidneys, despite the differences in the molecular implementation. Given its flexibility and robustness, we expect that the ligand-receptor-based Turing mechanism constitutes a likely general mechanism to guide branching morphogenesis and other symmetry breaks during organogenesis.
Planar and van der Waals heterostructures for vertical tunnelling single electron transistors
Authors: Kim Gwangwoo , Kim Sung-Soo , Jeon Jonghyuk , Yoon Seong In , Hong Seokmo , Cho Young Jin , Misra Abhishek , Ozdemir Servet , Yin Jun , Ghazaryan Davit , Holwill Matthew , Mishchenko Artem , Andreeva Daria V. , Kim Yong-Jin , Jeong Hu Young , Jang A-Rang , Chung Hyun-Jong , Geim Andre K. , Novoselov Kostya S. , Sohn Byeong-Hyeok , Shin Hyeon Suk
Published: January 2019

Despite a rich choice of two-dimensional materials, which exists these days, heterostructures, both vertical (van der Waals) and in-plane, offer an unprecedented control over the properties and functionalities of the resulted structures. Thus, planar heterostructures allow p-n junctions between different two-dimensional semiconductors and graphene nanoribbons with well-defined edges; and vertical heterostructures resulted in the observation of superconductivity in purely carbon-based systems and realisation of vertical tunnelling transistors. Here we demonstrate simultaneous use of in-plane and van der Waals heterostructures to build vertical single electron tunnelling transistors. We grow graphene quantum dots inside the matrix of hexagonal boron nitride, which allows a dramatic reduction of the number of localised states along the perimeter of the quantum dots. The use of hexagonal boron nitride tunnel barriers as contacts to the graphene quantum dots make our transistors reproducible and not dependent on the localised states, opening even larger flexibility when designing future devices.
Cascade enzymes within self-assembled hybrid nanogel mimicked neutrophil lysosomes for singlet oxygen elevated cancer therapy
Authors: Wu Qing , He Zhigang , Wang Xia , Zhang Qi , Wei Qingcong , Ma Sunqiang , Ma Cheng , Li Jiyu , Wang Qigang
Published: January 2019

As the first line of innate immune cells to migrate towards tumour tissue, neutrophils, can immediately kill abnormal cells and activate long-term specific adaptive immune responses. Therefore, the enzymes mediated elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) bioinspired by neutrophils can be a promising strategy in cancer immunotherapy. Here, we design a core-shell supramolecular hybrid nanogel via the surface phosphatase triggered self-assembly of oligopeptides around iron oxide nanoparticles to simulate productive neutrophil lysosomes. The cascade reaction of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and chloroperoxidase (CPO) within the bioinspired nanogel can convert ROS in tumour tissue to hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and the subsequent singlet oxygen (1O2) species. Studies on both cells and animals demonstrate successful 1O2-mediated cell/tumour proliferation inhibition, making this enzyme therapy capable for treating tumours without external energy activation.
DNA-shaped silver(i) coordination polymer based micro-solid phase extraction for determination of Amaranth and Brilliant Blue FCF in food and water samples
Authors: Noormohamadi Hamid Reza , Fat'hi Mohammad Reza , Ghaedi Mehrorang , Nobakht Valiollah , Azizzadeh Sara
Published: January 2019

μ-SPE procedure based on (silver(i)-CP).
2-D assembly of supramolecular nanoarchitectures on Mg(0001)
Authors: Hurtado Salinas D. , Cometto F. , Stel B. , Kern K. , Lingenfelder M.
Published: January 2019

Formation of 2D homomolecular (TPA) and metal–organic (Mg-TAPT) networks on Mg(0001).
A novel thermo-responsive multiblock architecture composed of a sequential peptide and an amino acid-derived vinyl polymer: toward protein-mimicking single-chain folding
Authors: Nishimura Shin-nosuke , Higashi Nobuyuki , Koga Tomoyuki
Published: January 2019

A novel multiblock hybrid copolymer composed of a β-sheet peptide and a glycine-derived vinyl polymer was developed to achieve single-chain folding into well-defined nanoparticles.
Nanodendritic gold/graphene-based biosensor for tri-mode miRNA sensing
Authors: Song Yongchao , Xu Tailin , Xu Li-Ping , Zhang Xueji
Published: January 2019

A nanodendritic gold/graphene-based superwettable biosensor has been developed for fluorescence, electrochemical and SERS tri-modal miRNA sensing.
Polyoxometalate-based metal–organic framework NENU-5 hybrid materials for photoluminescence tuning by introducing lanthanide ions and their functionalized soft ionogel/thin film
Authors: Wang Bing-Hui , Yan Bing
Published: January 2019

POM-based MOFs hybrids and derived soft ionogels together with transparent thin films are prepared, all of which display multi-color and even white luminescence.
Computational discovery and characterization of new B2O phases
Authors: Wang Jianyun , Li Quan , Pickard Chris J. , Chen Changfeng , Ma Yanming
Published: January 2019

Our theoretical investigations have unraveled peculiar bonding characters in the current identified superconducting phases for B2O at high pressure, especially the evolution of chemical bonds and electronic states associated with the B12 icosahedral unit in the orthorhombic phase and the pseudo-layered trigonal phase.
Study on micro-nanocrystalline structure control and performance of ZnWO4 photocatalysts
Authors: Yan Wen , Liu Xiangchun , Hou Shan , Wang Xiao
Published: January 2019

ZnWO4 micro/nanocrystals with different sizes and well-developed crystals were synthesized by the molten salt method at low temperature.
Chiral dinuclear Ln(iii) complexes derived from S- and R-2-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)propionate. Optical and magnetic properties
Authors: Casanovas Berta , Speed Saskia , El Fallah Mohamed Salah , Vicente Ramon , Font-Bardía Mercè , Zinna Francesco , Di Bari Lorenzo
Published: January 2019

Eight dinuclear chiral compounds of the formula [Ln2(S-L)6(phen)2]·3DMF·H2O or [Ln2(R-L)6(phen)2]·3DMF·H2O [Ln = Eu, Gd, Tb and Dy], (S)-(+)- or (R)-(−)-2-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)propionic acid, S-HL or R-HL, are reported. Luminescence and magnetic studies are also reported.
Ag nanoparticle-decorated, ordered mesoporous silica as an efficient electrocatalyst for alkaline water oxidation reaction
Authors: Kayal Utpal , Mohanty Bishnupad , Bhanja Piyali , Chatterjee Sauvik , Chandra Debraj , Hara Michikazu , Kumar Jena Bikash , Bhaumik Asim
Published: January 2019

Ag NPs were decorated on the surface of a functionalized SBA-15 material and the resulting AgNPs@SBA-NH2 material showed excellent OER activity for electrochemical water oxidation under alkaline pH.
Probing eumelanin photoprotection using a catechol:quinone heterodimer model system
Authors: Grieco Christopher , Empey Jennifer M. , Kohl Forrest R. , Kohler Bern
Published: January 2019

Here, we investigate the photochemistry of a catechol : o-quinone heterodimer as a model system for uncovering the photoprotective roots of eumelanin.
A continuous-flow acoustofluidic cytometer for single-cell mechanotyping
Authors: Wang Han , Liu Zhongzheng , Shin Dong M. , Chen Zhuo G. , Cho Younghak , Kim Yong-Joe , Han Arum
Published: January 2019

A continuous-flow single-cell mechanotyping method which can decouple the cell size-dependent effect from the cell compressibility-dependent effect is presented.
Large-Scale Production of Compound Bubbles Using Parallelized Microfluidics for Efficient Extraction of Metal Ions
Authors: Jeong Heon-Ho , Chen Zhuo , Yadavali Sagar , Xu Jianhong , Issadore David , Lee Daeyeon
Published: January 2019

Recent advances in microfluidic technologies have enabled production of micro-scale compound bubbles that consist of gaseous cores surrounded by thin liquid shell, achieving control and uniformity not possible using conventional...
Pseudo five component reaction towards densely functionalized spiro[indole-3,2′-pyrrole] by picric acid, an efficient syn-diastereoselective catalyst: insight into the diastereoselection on C(sp3)–C(sp3) axial conformation
Authors: Sengupta Ayon , Maity Suvendu , Mondal Animesh , Ghosh Prasanta , Rudra Sonali , Mukhopadhyay Chhanda
Published: January 2019

A syn diastereo-enriched charge transfer T. S. affording syn-60 and syn-60′ products.
UV-irradiation of self-assembled triphenylamines affords persistent and regenerable radicals
Authors: Sindt Ammon J. , DeHaven Baillie A. , McEachern David F. , Dissanayake D. M. M. Mevan , Smith Mark D. , Vannucci Aaron K. , Shimizu Linda S.
Published: January 2019

UV-irradiation of assembled urea-tethered triphenylamine dimers affords persistent and regenerable radicals whereas the compound quickly degrades in solution.
Design and multi‐objective optimisation of switched reluctance machine with iron loss
Authors: Yan Wenju , Chen Hao , Liu Xuekun , Ma Xiaoping , Lv Zhongwei , Wang Xing , Palka Ryszard , Chen Lei , Wang Kai
Published: January 2019

In this study, the design optimisation of a switched reluctance machine (SRM) with the layered method has been studied. Firstly, a multi‐physical analytical model for the SRM is established. The proposed model consists of an electromagnetic model, an electrical model, a loss model, and a thermal model. Then a layered optimisation design method suitable for the SRM is proposed in combination with the multi‐physical field simulation model. Taguchi method is used to analyse the influence degree of the main geometric dimensions on the dynamic performance, and the parameters are divided into high‐sensitivity parameters (HSPs) and low‐sensitivity parameters. The non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm‐II algorithm is used to optimise the HSP by the proposed model. The iron loss, average torque, average torque per unit mass, torque ripple and efficiency are taken as the objective functions. Finally, the prototype is manufactured and a testing platform is built. The flux linkage of several special positions of the machine is verified experimentally, and the accuracy of the electromagnetic model in the multi‐physical field model is verified. The temperature experiments are carried out on the machine, and the accuracy of the equivalent heat circuit model in the multi‐physical field model is verified.
Miniaturised CP wideband antenna with split elliptical patch and LRH cells
Authors: Xiong Xuan , Li Xueyi , Zhang Wenhui , Zhang Haiyan
Published: January 2019

A novel miniaturised antenna with a split elliptical patch and three left/right handed (LRH) cells is proposed. The antenna has a wideband circularly polarised (CP) characteristic and it is easy to perform the impedance matching. A simple microstrip line is used to excite the antenna and another microstrip line is matched by a proper chip resistor. By splitting the elliptical patch and adjusting the position of three LRH cells, an improved CP characteristic and a wide impedance bandwidth are achieved. Compared to the referenced antenna, the lower resonant frequency is decreased and the higher resonant frequency is increased. Also, the miniaturisation, wideband width and broadband CP are achieved. The measured results demonstrate that this structure achieves 69% (2.4–4.93 GHz) of the 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth and 107.9% (1.8–6.23 GHz) of the 10 dB return loss bandwidth. The antenna performs an average gain of over 2.7 dB across the CP region.
SIW bandpass filters in modified box‐section scheme with bypass/constant/frequency‐dependent coupling in diagonal cross‐coupling path
Authors: Liu Qing , Zhou Dong‐Fang , Zhang De‐Wei , Lv Da‐Long
Published: January 2019

Here, three fourth‐order bandpass filters (BPFs) in modified box‐section schemes using substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) are proposed and researched. The proposed filters are based on a conventional box‐section structure with considering bypass/constant/frequency‐dependent coupling (FDC) in the diagonal cross‐coupling path to construct new filtering responses. Based on the different type of the cross‐coupling path, the frequency response of each proposed structure is analysed and presented, which indicates that the proposed filters have flexible response in terms of finite transmission zeros (FTZs). The proposed filters can realise generalised Chebyshev responses with one/two/three FTZs at arbitrary positions. Moreover, one FTZ may be produced by using bypass coupling and direct inductive coupling window to improve lower stopband performance, which is verified by a coupling matrix. For the demonstration, three quasi‐elliptic response filters were designed, fabricated, and measured. Good agreement is achieved between simulated and measured results.
Economic dispatch of power system containing UHVDC with direct power purchase by large consumers
Authors: Qian Hanhan , Jiang Yitian , Xiang Wei , Li Yongbo , Hua Yuting , Lin Zhemin , Wang Kai
Published: January 2019

With the integration of the ultra‐high‐voltage direct‐current (UHVDC) of large capacity, the scheduled outputs of the power plants are limited, and the direct power purchase (DPP) by large consumers is influenced. The negative impact caused by the failure modes of the UHVDC on the economic dispatch (ED) and the security of the power system is to be studied. Here, the derated capacities of the UHVDC are described together with their state probabilities. To maximise the profit of power plants, an ED model with the DPP is proposed. The relationship between the amount of the DPP and the power transmission by the UHVDC is decided based on two contract strategies for the DPP. The interior‐point method is applied to solve the ED problem. The simulation results validate the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed model, which is beneficial to the development of the power market and the UHVDC in China.
Study on the scheme design of integrated grounding system for a 550 kV gas insulated transmission line
Authors: Zhao Chun , Tang Liangliang , Huang Daochun , Xia Jun , Liu Xi , Xu Xia
Published: January 2019

Gas insulated transmission line (GIL) is an advanced power transmission mode. Since the extension of this kind of equipment is relatively long, the grounding design and layout of the GIL will have a direct impact on personal safety and the stability operation of equipment, which should be given full attention. In order to ensure the safe and stable operation of GIL, it needs reasonably design and arrangement of the integrated grounding system in the GIL pipelines. This study designed corresponding grounding scheme for the integrated grounding system of underground GIL pipelines combined with a 550 kV/4000 A GIL. The corresponding simulation model of the integrated grounding system was established with specific parameters of the GIL. The calculation results show that the grounding resistance of the integrated grounding system is 0.217 Ω, which is less than the grounding requirement value of 1 Ω, and it reduces 28.9% compared with the simulation model without considering the natural grounding body. In addition, the step voltage and touch voltage are reduced by 79.91 and 48.97%, respectively. The research results can give some references for the integrated grounding system design of GIL engineering.
Application of 500 kV UPFC in Suzhou southern power grid
Authors: Wang Xu , Wang Haiqian , Yang Jian , Xu Zheng , Sun Wentao , Wu Chen , Li Chen
Published: January 2019

The implementation of a 500 kV unified power flow controller (UPFC) project in Suzhou southern power grid is reported in this study. The UPFC project has been put into operation at the end of 2017, and has become the largest capacity and highest voltage‐level UPFC in the world. The overview of the Suzhou southern power grid is first introduced. The challenges of the grid, such as the limited transmission capability and the insufficient reactive power supply, are also demonstrated. Great technical and economic difficulties have to be overcome for the implementation of traditional solutions, so an attempt of the UPFC scheme is put forward. The UPFC scheme is introduced in detail, including the topology structure, the main equipment selection, the expected effect, the implementation difficulties and the investment. It is shown that the 500 kV UPFC project is more economical and feasible than the traditional solutions. The operation problems of the Suzhou southern power grid will be alleviated effectively by the UPFC project. Besides, this project is of much demonstration value to the application of high‐voltage‐level and large rating UPFC projects.
Research on the self‐healing failure characteristics and its protection methods of high‐voltage self‐healing capacitors
Authors: Fei Yan , Zijian Wang , Ting Yin
Published: January 2019

There are no reliable measures for identifying self‐healing failures in capacitors. Therefore, the high‐voltage self‐healing capacitor have not been widely adopted in power systems yet. It is urgent to study new scheme to protect the self‐healing failure of high‐voltage capacitors. Simulations tests and experiments were conducted to further assess self‐healing of capacitors. The broken‐down capacitor samples were connected into the test circuit with a vacuum contactor, and recorded the experimental phenomena and current wave‐forms. The impedance changes were measured before and after the test, and calculated the active power dissipated by the sample. The test results showed that the insulation of self‐healing failure sample temporarily restores or deteriorates rapidly. No visual defects are observed in the case of temporarily restored insulation, and the capacitor can continue to operate. However, if the insulation was deteriorated, unwanted gas generation, consisting of 85% H2, potentially lead to smoke and fire. Our study showed no obvious correlation between impedance change and occurring self‐healing phenomena. It is found that the process consumes a lot of active power in case of deterioration. Therefore, a method of capacitor self‐healing failure protection based on active power variation was proposed.
The Ponto-Caspian mysid Paramysis lacustris (Czerniavsky, 1882) has colonized the Middle Danube
Authors: Borza Péter , Kovács Krisztián , György Alexandra , Török Júlia Katalin , Egri Ádám
Published: January 2019

In 2017, the mysid Paramysis lacustris (Czerniavsky, 1882) was found for the first time in the Hungarian Danube section, representing the first psammo-pelophilous Ponto-Caspian peracarid colonizing the Middle Danube. In 2018, a brief survey focusing on this species revealed its presence in a more than 500-km-long river section spanning from Austria (Vienna, river km 1926) to Croatia (Batina, river km 1425). The largest populations of P. lacustris might be formed in reservoirs and slow-flowing stretches, where the appearance of the species might imply a considerable impact in connection with its zooplanktivorous feeding and important role in the diet of fish. Similar to all the other Ponto-Caspian peracarids that have crossed the Middle Danube, P. lacustris can reasonably be expected to continue its spread toward Western Europe in the future.
Development of a multi-position indentation setup: Mapping soft and patternable heterogeneously crosslinked polymer networks
Authors: Boots J. N. M. , Fokkink R. , van der Gucht J. , Kodger T. E.
Published: January 2019

We present the development of a multi-position indentation setup capable of spatially mapping mechanically heterogeneous materials. A detailed description of the indentation instrumentation is first provided, emphasizing force sensitivity, noise reduction, and signal fidelity. We first present indentation experiments on soft hydrogels that are submerged in water and show how the large contributions to the measured force due to the air-water surface tension can be avoided. The displacement field of the indented hydrogel is visualized using fluorescently coated microspheres embedded in the hydrogel, allowing simultaneous mapping of the stress and strain fields for a soft polymer network. We then fabricate a polymer network with patterned elasticity using halftone UV lithography and map the elastic modulus with the multi-position indentation instrument. The applied UV pattern is found back in the measured elastic modulus map, showing the capability of the multi-position indentation setup to map mechanically heterogeneous polymer networks.
High performance and high power circularly polarized horn antenna for K-band microwave processing systems
Authors: Hung P. H. , Chiang W. Y. , Hsieh Y. C. , Cheng F. H. , Wang J. D. , Chen S. H.
Published: January 2019

A single-ridged K-band circularly polarized horn antenna offering excellent performance has been developed by improving the polarization conversion and manufacturing complexity. The numerical and experimental results are consistent showing the return loss of this antenna to be less than −20 dB and the axial ratio at the boresight direction to be less than 0.7 dB in the frequency range from 23.5 GHz to 24.5 GHz. In addition, the gain of this antenna is higher than 20 dB. The newly designed circularly polarized horn antenna has a simple structure and outperforms many existing circular polarization devices in high-power operations.
Experimental study of quasi-coherent mode using EAST tangential CO2 laser collective scattering diagnostic in far-forward mode
Authors: Sun P. J. , Li Y. D. , Ren Y. , Zhang X. D. , Wu G. J. , Wang Y. M. , Shi T. H. , Lyu B. , Duan Y. M. , Zhang J. Z. , Wang F. D. , Liu H. Q. , Mao S. T. , Xu L. Q. , Li Q. , Li P. , Bi J. , Hu L. Q. , Li J. G.
Published: January 2019

A quasi-coherent mode (QCM) was measured by the tangential CO2 laser collective scattering diagnostic at high plasma electron density during both enhanced Dα/small edge-localized mode (ELM) and ELM-free H mode phases in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). Experimental results from only local oscillator CO2 laser scattering prove that the QCM is measured by the scattering diagnostic in the far-forward mode. The driven QCM density fluctuation (k⊥<3 cm−1) and magnetic fluctuation suggest that the QCM is an electromagnetic mode. The typical frequency of the QCM is f ≈ 26.5 kHz. A combination analysis of scattering signals and Mirnov signals suggests that the QCM has toroidal mode number n ≈ 17 and rotates along with the electron diamagnetic drift velocity direction in the lab frame. The analysis of Mirnov and reflectometer signals supports that the QCM locates in the edge pedestal region. The QCM power has been found to be related to both the Dα signal and the pedestal density gradient. A comparison of the EAST QCM and C-Mod quasi-coherent mode has been given in detail.
Enhanced Sn incorporation in GeSn epitaxial semiconductors via strain relaxation
Authors: Assali S. , Nicolas J. , Moutanabbir O.
Published: January 2019

We investigate the effect of strain on the morphology and composition of GeSn layers grown on Ge/Si virtual substrates. By using buffer layers with controlled thickness and Sn content, we demonstrate that the lattice parameter can be tuned to reduce the strain in the growing top layer (TL) leading to the incorporation of Sn up to 18 at. %. For a 7 at. % bottom layer (BL) and a 11-13 at. % middle layer (ML), the optimal total thickness tGeSn = 250-400 nm provides a large degree of strain relaxation without apparent nucleation of dislocations in the TL, while incorporating Sn at concentrations of 15 at. % and higher. Besides facilitating the growth of Sn-rich GeSn, the engineering of the lattice parameter also suppresses the gradient in Sn content in the TL, yielding a uniform composition. We correlate the formation of the surface cross-hatch pattern with the critical thickness hG for the nucleation and gliding of misfit dislocations at the GeSn-Ge interface that originate from gliding of pre-existing threading dislocations in the substrate. When the GeSn layer thickness raises above a second critical thickness hN, multiple interactions between dislocations take place, leading to a more extended defective ML/BL, thus promoting additional strain relaxation and reduces the compositional gradient in the ML. From these studies, we infer that the growth rate and the Ge-hydride precursors seem to have a limited influence on the growth kinetics, while lowering temperature and enhancing strain relaxation are central in controlling the composition of GeSn. These results contribute to the fundamental understanding of the growth of metastable, Sn-containing group-IV semiconductors, which is crucial to improve the fabrication and design of silicon-compatible mid-infrared photonic devices.
Magnetic plasmonic particles for SERS-based bacteria sensing: A review
Authors: Wang Chaoguang , Meloni Marco M. , Wu Xuezhong , Zhuo Ming , He Taigang , Wang Junfeng , Wang Chongwen , Dong Peitao
Published: January 2019

This review describes recent advances in the use of magnetic-plasmonic particles (MPPs) for bacteria detection by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS). Pathogenic bacteria pollution has always been a major threat to human health and safety. SERS spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful and promising technique for sensitive and selective detection of pathogen bacteria. MPPs are considered as a versatile SERS platform for their excellent plasmonic properties and good magnetic responsiveness. Improved preparation method and typical characterization technique of MPPs are introduced, focusing on the thin and continuous metallic shell covering process. Consequently, the SERS-based sensing methods for bacteria identification were discussed, including the label-free and label-based methods. Finally, an overview of the current state of the field and our perspective on future development directions are given.
Machine learning model for non-equilibrium structures and energies of simple molecules
Authors: Iype E. , Urolagin S.
Published: January 2019

Predicting molecular properties using a Machine Learning (ML) method is gaining interest among research as it offers quantum chemical accuracy at molecular mechanics speed. This prediction is performed by training an ML model using a set of reference data [mostly Density Functional Theory (DFT)] and then using it to predict properties. In this work, kernel based ML models are trained (using Bag of Bonds as well as many body tensor representation) against datasets containing non-equilibrium structures of six molecules (water, methane, ethane, propane, butane, and pentane) to predict their atomization energies and to perform a Metropolis Monte Carlo (MMC) run with simulated annealing to optimize molecular structures. The optimized structures and energies of the molecules are found to be comparable with DFT optimized structures, energies, and forces. Thus, this method offers the possibility to use a trained ML model to perform a classical simulation such as MMC without using any force field, thereby improving the accuracy of the simulation at low computational cost.
Mixing processes in the transonic, accelerated wake of a central injector
Authors: Richter J. , Beuting M. , Schulz C. , Weigand B.
Published: January 2019

The compressible accelerated mixing layer of a central injector was thoroughly investigated experimentally to provide a data set that can be used for validating numerical simulations. A drop-shaped central injector was mounted upstream of a rectangular convergent-divergent nozzle, through which air was accelerated to a Mach number of 1.7. The free-stream Reynolds number at the point of injection was 6.245 × 104. Four different measurement techniques—short-time illuminated schlieren imaging, laser schlieren, laser-induced thermal acoustics, and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF)—were applied to visualize the flow structures and to measure the predominant frequency of periodic flow features, the Mach number and temperature, and the injectant distribution. Instantaneous images show that the mixing layer was dominated by a series of alternating vortices. The mixing layer’s self-similarity could be proven by means of injectant mass fraction profiles, which were derived from LIF measurements. The growth rate of the mixing layer was shown to approximately follow the 1 2-power law. It was concluded from comparison to literature data that the growth rate is primarily determined by the free-stream Reynolds number, whereas the free-stream Mach number (compressibility effects) and the injectant amount play a minor role. These experimental data were used to validate three-dimensional (3D) unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations using the shear-stress transport turbulence model. It was shown that the vortex shedding frequency and the mixing layer growth rate as well as the wake velocity deficit were underestimated by the simulations. This indicates that the flow physics of vortex formation were not entirely reproduced.
Asymptotics for nonlinear integral equations with a generalized heat kernel using renormalization group technique
Authors: Braga Gastão A. , Moreira Jussara M. , Souza Camila F.
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we employ the renormalization group method to study the long-time asymptotics of solutions to a class of nonlinear integral equations with a generalized heat kernel. The nonlinearities are classified and studied according to its role in the asymptotic behavior. Here we prove that the behavior, in the limit as t goes to infinity, remains unchanged when compared with the one in the linear case if the nonlinearities are the ones classified as irrelevant in the renormalization group sense.
A comparison of frequency downshift models of wave trains on deep water
Authors: Carter John D. , Henderson Diane , Butterfield Isabelle
Published: January 2019

Frequency downshift (FD) in wave trains on deep water occurs when a measure of the frequency, typically the spectral peak or the spectral mean, decreases as the waves evolve. Many FD models rely on wind or wave breaking. We consider seven models that do not include these effects and compare their predictions with four sets of experiments that also do not include these effects. The models are the (i) nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS), (ii) dissipative NLS equation (dNLS), (iii) Dysthe equation, (iv) viscous Dysthe equation (vDysthe), (v) Gordon equation (Gordon), which has a free parameter, (vi) Islas-Schober equation (IS), which has a free parameter, and (vii) a new model, the dissipative Gramstad-Trulsen (dGT) equation. The dGT equation has no free parameters and addresses some of the difficulties associated with the vDysthe equation. We compare a measure of overall error and the evolution of the spectral amplitudes, means, and peaks. We find the following: (i) The NLS and Dysthe equations do not accurately predict the spectral amplitudes. (ii) The Gordon equation, which is a successful model of FD in optics, does not accurately model FD in water waves, regardless of the choice of free parameter. (iii) The dNLS, vDysthe, dGT, and IS (with optimized free parameter) models do a reasonable job predicting the measured spectral amplitudes, but none captures all spectral evolutions. (iv) The vDysthe, dGT, and IS models most accurately predict the observed evolution of the spectral peak and the spectral mean. (v) The IS and vDysthe models have the smallest overall errors.
A compact low-loss one-way transmission structure based on nonreciprocal coupling
Authors: Jiang Maomao , Zhu Liangmengcheng , Zhu Qi
Published: January 2019

Based on Magnetic Plasmon States and the coupling effect, a compact low-loss one-way transmission structure is proposed. The structure is composed of a two-way transmission line channel and a one-way ferrite loop channel. The length of the structure has an inverse relationship with working frequency. By applying a static bias magnetic field, One-Way Edge States of ferrite on the surface of the loop are excited, which results in the unidirectional coupling between the two channels. Excellent forward transmission efficiency can be achieved due to the cutoff of the forward coupling. On the other hand, the good coupling of the reversed transmission ensures good isolation between the two ports of the two-way channel. To validate the design, a prototype has been fabricated and measured. Both the simulation and experiment results verify the low-loss one-way transmission property.
Reservoir computing with the frequency, phase, and amplitude of spin-torque nano-oscillators
Authors: Marković D. , Leroux N. , Riou M. , Abreu Araujo F. , Torrejon J. , Querlioz D. , Fukushima A. , Yuasa S. , Trastoy J. , Bortolotti P. , Grollier J.
Published: January 2019

Spin-torque nano-oscillators can emulate neurons at the nanoscale. Recent works show that the non-linearity of their oscillation amplitude can be leveraged to achieve waveform classification for an input signal encoded in the amplitude of the input voltage. Here, we show that the frequency and phase of the oscillator can also be used to recognize waveforms. For this purpose, we phase-lock the oscillator to the input waveform, which carries information in its modulated frequency. In this way, we considerably decrease the amplitude, phase, and frequency noise. We show that this method allows classifying sine and square waveforms with an accuracy above 99% when decoding the output from the oscillator amplitude, phase, or frequency. We find that recognition rates are directly related to the noise and non-linearity of each variable. These results prove that spin-torque nano-oscillators offer an interesting platform to implement different computing schemes leveraging their rich dynamical features.
Adiabatically preparing quantum dot spin states in the Voigt geometry
Authors: Paspalakis Emmanuel , Economou Sophia E. , Carreño Fernando
Published: January 2019

We use mutually delayed and partially overlapping optical pulses, similar to those used in stimulated Raman adiabatic passage and its variations, for the coherent control of quantum dot spin states in the Voigt geometry. We consider the quantum dot system initially in an incoherent mixture of the two electron-spin states. We show that the application of regular delayed and partially overlapping pulses can lead to initialization. In addition, if initially delayed, partially overlapping, and simultaneously switched off pulses are applied, the initially incoherent mixture can be changed to a specifically designed coherent superposition state. We also find that due to the initial conditions of the studied quantum system, the proposed methods work for different pulse orderings.
Decaying compressible turbulence with thermal non-equilibrium
Authors: Khurshid Sualeh , Donzis Diego A.
Published: January 2019

The interaction of decaying turbulence with thermal non-equilibrium (TNE) is studied using direct numerical simulations. The focus is on energy exchanges and decay rates in decaying flows with initial vibrational excitation. A key finding is the identification of different regimes in the interaction and the nondimensional parameter (β) that controls it. The latter accounts for the degree of initial TNE as well as the ratio of timescales of turbulence and vibrational relaxation. For β < 1, TNE is essentially frozen and turbulence is largely unaffected by the decay of vibrational energy. For β > 1, TNE relaxation is relatively fast and produces an increase in translational–rotational energy, which, through changes in transport coefficients, leads to a temporary increase in dissipation leading to faster turbulence decay rates. Theoretical arguments are put forth to determine the asymptotic limits of this effect. TNE relaxation is also affected by turbulent fluctuations in unexpected ways. For example, although initial conditions are always vibrationally hot, the flow may undergo vibrationally cold transients, which are explained through simple models. The results presented here help explain disagreement between previous experimental and numerical data.
Revisiting the Stokes-Einstein relation without a hydrodynamic diameter
Authors: Costigliola Lorenzo , Heyes David M. , Schrøder Thomas B. , Dyre Jeppe C.
Published: January 2019

We present diffusion coefficient and shear viscosity data for the Lennard-Jones fluid along nine isochores above the critical density, each involving a temperature variation of roughly two orders of magnitude. The data are analyzed with respect to the Stokes-Einstein (SE) relation, which breaks down gradually at high temperatures. This is rationalized in terms of the fact that the reduced diffusion coefficient D̃ and the reduced viscosity η̃ are both constant along the system’s lines of constant excess entropy (the isomorphs). As a consequence, D̃η̃ is a function of T/TRef(ρ) in which T is the temperature, ρ is the density, and TRef(ρ) is the temperature as a function of the density along a reference isomorph. This allows one to successfully predict the viscosity from the diffusion coefficient in the studied region of the thermodynamic phase diagram.
Characterization and modeling of elastocaloric effects of shape memory poly(cyclooctene)
Authors: Hong Seok Bin , An Yongsan , Yu Woong-Ryeol
Published: January 2019

The elastocaloric cooling effect (eCE) of natural rubbers has been demonstrated in the context of cold storage; however, programming at room temperature is only possible at high strain rates. This study reports that shape memory cross-linked poly(cyclooctene) (PCO) exhibits an enhanced eCE at a relatively moderate strain rate due to its strain-induced crystallization behavior during deformation at room temperature. The elastocaloric heating and cooling effects of PCO were predicted using Green-Lagrangian strains obtained by 3D finite element analysis (FEA) with a suitable constitutive model and thermodynamic parameters such as the Clausius-Clapeyron factor and entropy changes. Good agreement between the simulation and experimental results suggests that implementation of the current method into 3D FEA can facilitate studies of portable cooling devices made of shape memory polymers.
Structural mechanism of transcription inhibition by lasso peptides microcin J25 and capistruin
Authors: Braffman Nathaniel R. , Piscotta Frank J. , Hauver Jesse , Campbell Elizabeth A. , Link A. James , Darst Seth A.
Published: January 2019

We report crystal structures of the antibacterial lasso peptides microcin J25 (MccJ25) and capistruin (Cap) bound to their natural enzymatic target, the bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP). Both peptides bind within the RNAP secondary channel, through which NTP substrates enter the RNAP active site, and sterically block trigger-loop folding, which is essential for efficient catalysis by the RNAP. MccJ25 binds deep within the secondary channel in a manner expected to interfere with NTP substrate binding, explaining the partial competitive mechanism of inhibition with respect to NTPs found previously [Mukhopadhyay J, Sineva E, Knight J, Levy RM, Ebright RH (2004)
Mol Cell
14:739–751]. The Cap binding determinant on RNAP overlaps, but is not identical to, that of MccJ25. Cap binds further from the RNAP active site and does not sterically interfere with NTP binding, and we show that Cap inhibition is partially noncompetitive with respect to NTPs. This work lays the groundwork for structure determination of other lasso peptides that target the bacterial RNAP and provides a structural foundation to guide lasso peptide antimicrobial engineering approaches.