bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Model for the Description and Interpretation of Suicide Prevention
Authors: Upanne Maila
Published: October 2023

Views about suicide prevention are based on underlying beliefs about the origins of problems and basic concepts about humankind. These implicit theories have an effect on prevention practices. Making these views explicit is one of the keys for the further development of suicide prevention. In this study a paradigm for analyzing suicide prevention by means of a coding frame and interpreting findings by means of theoretical models of prevention was elaborated. The analysis was based on empirical data consisting of definitions of prevention given by psychologists (N = 34) participating in the national suicide prevention project in Finland. The study demonstrates that suicide prevention can be differentiated at the operational level by means of the analysis method generated. Moreover, the findings can be interpreted according to theoretical criteria. Views expressed by the psychologists seemed to correspond largely to central features of current prevention models. Furthermore, the data can be seen to serve as an empirical validation of these models. Suicide prevention proved to be a multifactorial concept manifesting mainly process theory and interactional explanations of suicidality, and prevention practices fell into a simple typology of four categories.
Survivors of Suicide Do Grieve Differently: Empirical Support for a Common Sense Proposition
Authors: Bailley Steven E. , Kral Michael J. , Dunham Katherine
Published: October 2023

Previous empirical investigations have produced mixed results on the question of whether mode of death differentially affects grief. To further investigate the influence of suicide on grief, 350 previously bereaved university students completed a questionnaire package consisting of several standardized measures. Participants were separated into four groups based on the mode of death experienced as either survivors of suicide (n = 34), accident (n = 57), unanticipated natural (n = 102), or anticipated natural (n = 157) deaths. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that suicide survivors, compared against the other groups, experienced more frequent feelings of rejection, responsibility, “unique” reactions, and more total grief reactions. Trends indicating increased levels of shame and perceived stigmatization were also evident. Aggregate factors of death “naturalness” and “expectedness” showed less influence than mode of death in influencing grief. Overall, results support previous clinical and research findings and intuitive logic in demonstrating that the grief experienced by suicide surviviors includes elements that are less frequently seen in the case of nonsuicidal deaths.
Psychosis and Functioning as Risk Factors for Later Suicidal Activity among Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Patients: A Disease‐Based Interactive Model
Authors: Kaplan Kalman J. , Harrow Martin
Published: October 2023

The present research explores the relationship of positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and posthospital functioning to subsequent suicidal behavior over a 7 1/2‐year period, and examines whether these patterns vary with diagnosis. The results support a multifactor model of suicide risk. Both psychosis and poor functioning show some relationship to later suicidal activity for both schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients. Psychosis may remain a risk factor for suicidal activity for schizoaffective patients, even when functioning is partialed out. This is in contrast to the schizophrenia patients, for whom functioning seems to mediate the effects of psychosis on later suicidality. In general, adequacy of overall posthospital functioning mediates the effects of some risk factors on suicidal activity within different diagnostic groups.
Comparing Suicide Attempters, Suicide Ideators, and Nonsuicidal Homeless and Runaway Adolescents
Authors: Yoder Kevin A.
Published: October 2023

This study considers variables that best distinguish among attempters, ideators, and nonsuicidal youth in a sample of 527 homeless and runaway adolescents from four Midwestern states. Univariate results indicate that attempters are significantly more likely than ideators and nonsuicidal youth to have experienced physical or sexual abuse by an adult caretaker, to have experienced sexual victimization while on their own, and to have a friend who attempted suicide. Multivariate analyses reveal five variables that best distinguish among the three groups: self‐esteem, depression, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and having a friend who attempted suicide. Further analysis suggests that the accumulation of these risk factors greatly increases the chance that these youth will engage in suicidal behavior.
Reliability and Sensitivity of Suicide Certification in Higher‐Income Countries
Authors: Rockett Ian R. H. , Thomas B. McKinley
Published: October 2023

World Health Organization age‐, sex‐, and cause‐specific mortality data for the United States and 19 other democratic higher‐income countries were utilized to assess the reliability and sensitivity of suicide certification for purposes of cross‐national research. Data are found to be highly reliable across age and sex (rs > 0.92; P < 0.001). Relative discrepancies between official suicide rates (putative lower limits) and projected upper limits vary widely internationally. Austrian and Dutch suicide certification is the most sensitive. Least sensitive is certification for certain subpopulations in Finland, Greece, Ireland, Israel, and the United Kingdom. We recommend similar analyses be performed for routine, low‐cost surveillance of suicide data quality, and to guide choice of population groups for multivariate comparative research.
The Subjective Experience of Problem Irresolvability and Suicidal Behavior: Dynamics and Measurement
Authors: Orbach Israel , Mikulincer Mario , Blumenson Rachel , Mester Robert , Stein Daniel
Published: October 2023

This article presents the dynamics and measurement of a relatively unstudied concept in children's and adolescents' suicidal behavior: the subjective experience of problem irresolvability (SEPI). This concept relates to the youngsters' sense of lack of control due to being pressured to resolve irresolvable problems within the family circle. The first study describes the construction and factor analysis of the SEPI scale as well as its relationship to suicidal tendencies, perceived parental care, and self‐esteem. The second study presents a repeated factor analysis and the association between the SEPI scale and suicidal tendencies, hopelessness, depression, anxiety, and commitment to parents. The results suggest that the scale has a 4‐factor structure with sound psychometric properties that distinguish successfully between suicidal adolescents on the one hand, and psychiatric and normal adolescents on the other. The SEPI was also found to be associated with the various studied variables.
Undergraduate nursing students challenge misconceptions towards men in nursing: A mixed‐method study
Authors: Ramjan Lucie M. , Maneze Della , Salamonson Yenna , Zugai Joel , Bail Kasia , Liu Xian‐Liang , Montayre Jed
Published: October 2023

Aims

To examine misconceptions towards men in nursing from the perspective of undergraduate nursing students. Specifically, this study sought to explore contributing factors of misconceptions and attributions of the success of men in nursing.

Design

A convergent parallel mixed‐method study.

Methods

A national survey was conducted (July–September 2021). The quantitative data included demographics and responses to the Gender Misconceptions of Men in Nursing (GEMINI) scale. The qualitative data included responses to a provocative statement related to characteristics of men and their career in nursing. The GRAMMS guideline was used in reporting.

Results

Undergraduate nursing students (n = 1245) from 16 Australian schools of nursing responded to the survey. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that most students (96%) did not have misconceptions about men in nursing. Those who did were more likely to be men, born overseas, not in health‐related employment and did not have nursing as their first choice. Four broad overarching main themes were generated in response to the statement that suggested men do not have the right attributes for nursing: (1) ‘This is a very misandristic viewpoint’; (2) ‘Compassion and intelligence are distributed in men and women equally’; (3) ‘Men bring a different quality to nursing’ (4) ‘Anyone can be whatever they want to be’.

Conclusion

Overall, nursing students did not have misconceptions about men in nursing, despite experiencing ongoing social stigma regarding archaic gender norms. The findings from this study indicate that the next‐generation nurses were championing to challenge the gender stereotype and support the needs of a gender diverse society.

Impact

Attitudes and misconceptions that elicit gender inequalities must be addressed with comprehensive strategies and de‐gendered language and imagery within the profession, schools, workplaces and the media. Shifting culture and attitudes towards inclusion, values the diversity in the workforce and supports healthy workplace environments.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Reduced liver damage and fibrosis with combined SCD Probiotics and intermittent fasting in aged rat
Authors: Teker Hikmet Taner , Ceylani Taha , Keskin Seda , Samgane Gizem , Baba Burcu , Acıkgoz Eda , Gurbanov Rafig
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to examine the impact of SCD Probiotics supplementation on liver biomolecule content and histological changes during a 30‐day intermittent fasting (IF) program in 24‐month‐old male Sprague–Dawley rats. Rats underwent 18‐h daily fasting and received 1 × 108 CFU of SCD Probiotics daily. Liver tissue biomolecules were analysed using FTIR Spectroscopy, LDA, and SVM techniques, while histopathological evaluations used Haematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome‐stained tissues. Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Gross alterations in the quantity of biomolecules were observed with individual or combined treatments. LDA and SVM analyses demonstrated a high accuracy in differentiating control and treated groups. The combination treatments led to the most significant reduction in cholesterol ester (1740 cm−1) and improved protein phosphorylation (A1239/A2955 and A1080/A1545) and carbonylation (A1740/A1545). Individually, IF and SCD Probiotics were more effective in enhancing membrane dynamics (Bw2922/Bw2955). In treated groups, histological evaluations showed decreased hepatocyte degeneration, lymphocyticinfiltration, steatosis and fibrosis. Serum ALP, LDH and albumin levels significantly increased in the SCD Probiotics and combined treatment groups. This study offers valuable insights into the potential mechanisms behind the beneficial effects of IF and SCD Probiotics on liver biomolecule content, contributing to the development of personalized nutrition and health strategies.
Association between dietary inflammatory index and self‐reported female infertility from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2020
Authors: Lu Jinyu , Tang Jing , Zou Yanting , Wu Ruochun , Chen Hui , Wang Wenjun
Published: October 2023

Background

To explore the association between the diet inflammatory index (DII) and infertility.

Methods

Multivariable logistic regression was performed to investigate the relationship between infertility and DII, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) was utilised to test for nonlinear relationships in this cross‐sectional study. Data of this study were collected from the 2013 to 2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. Considering women's child‐bearing age, we enrolled a total of 2066 women aged 20–45 years in this study.

Results

After all covariates were adjusted, a positive association was found between DII score and odds of infertility by multivariable logistic regression (odds ratio [OR] = 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03, 1.38; p = 0.027). Compared with participants with DII scores in the lowest quartile, those with DII scores in the highest quartile had significantly higher odds of infertility (OR = 2.42, 95% CI 1.09, 5.34; p = 0.034). The RCSs model suggested a linear relationship between DII and infertility (p for nonlinear = 0.1827).

Conclusions

A positive association between a pro‐inflammatory diet and self‐reported infertility was detected. Our study extends the application of the DII scoring system to infertility prevention.
The decline of Dr. Frasier Crane
Authors: Siraki Arby Ted
Published: October 2023

Frasier (1993–2004) remains one of television's most successful and memorable sitcoms. Its protagonist, Dr. Frasier Crane, shares many qualities with other comic protagonists. However, he is in fact unique in the pantheon of comic characters. As the show moves forward, Frasier Crane regresses in several ways, and which is often effected through the show's use of ironic parallels. Furthermore, Frasier Crane's comic arc (or fulfillment of the comic mythos) is in stark contrast to not only traditional comic characters but even more recent post‐ and post‐postmodern ones, all of whom either fulfill the comic arc or, at worst, remain static.
Dietary supplementation with Lippia sidoides essential oil improves organ integrity but the specific activity of antioxidant enzymes is dose‐dependent in Danio rerio
Authors: Cardoso Lucas , Owatari Marco Shizuo , Chaves Francisco Célio Maia , Bastolla Camila Lisarb Velasquez , Saldaña‐Serrano Miguel , Mouriño José Luiz Pedreira , Martins Maurício Laterça
Published: October 2023

The nutritional quality of food can affect the health of animals. This study examined the effects of dietary supplementation with Lippia sidoides essential oil (LSEO) on the physiology of Danio rerio. Four hundred fourty‐eight fish were divided into 28 tanks and subjected to different dietary treatments: a control group with no supplementation, a group with grain alcohol supplementation and five groups with LSEO at concentrations of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.00% and 1.25%. After 15 days, histological and enzymatic analyses were conducted. The 0.25% LSEO group exhibited lower glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity compared to the 1.00% group. Additionally, fish in the 0.25% LSEO group showed improved liver, kidney and splenic integrity indices. These findings support the inclusion of 0.25% LSEO in the diet of D. rerio, suggesting potential benefits for fish physiology and encouraging further research on phytotherapeutics in fish diets.
Effects of hyaluronic acid on sperm parameters, mitochondrial function and apoptosis of spermatozoa in Simmental bulls with good and poor freezing ability
Authors: Asadpour Reza , Aminirad Muhamadreza , Rahbar Maryam , Hajibemani Abolfazl , Rezaei Topraggaleh Tohid
Published: October 2023

Bulls with varying freezability exhibit substantial variation in semen characteristics after cryopreservation. Sperm freezability is positively correlated with membrane cholesterol content, membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity and antioxidant content. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal concentration of hyaluronic acid (HA) in bull sperm with different cryotolerances. Simmental bulls (n = 10) semen samples were taken and categorized based on their progressive motility (PM) after freeze‐thawing: Group I, consisting of bulls (n = 5) with progressive sperm motility ≥45%, was considered good freezability ejaculates (GF), and Group II, including bulls (n = 5) with progressive sperm motility ≤30%, was considered poor freezability ejaculates (PF) bulls. Semen samples were diluted with a Tris‐egg‐yolk‐glycerol (TEYG) extender containing various concentrations of HA: without HA (control), 1 mM HA, 2 mM HA and 4 mM HA. After the freeze‐thaw process, sperm kinematics, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity, mitochondrial activity and apoptotic status were evaluated. The addition of 1 mM HA to the diluent of bulls with GF increased PM and linearity (LIN) compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Normal morphology was improved after thawing in the samples treated with 1 and 2 mM HA in the GF and PF bulls respectively. The membrane and acrosome integrity of GF bulls treated with 1 mM HA was significantly (p < 0.05) greater than that of the control groups. Adding 1 mM HA to the extender of bulls with GF and PF improved the proportion of viable cells compared with the highest concentration (4 mM) of HA. The mitochondrial activity of PF bulls treated with 1 and 2 mM HA was significantly (p < 0.05) greater than that of the controls and 4 mM HA. Finally, it can be concluded that adding low doses of HA (1 mM) to the TEYG extender of GF and PF bulls ameliorated the post‐thaw semen quality.
Thermal performance curves identify seasonal and site‐specific variation in the development of Ecklonia radiata (Phaeophyceae) gametophytes and sporophytes
Authors: Schwoerbel Jakop , Visch Wouter , Wright Jeffrey T. , Bellgrove Alecia , Sanderson J. Craig , Hurd Catriona L.
Published: October 2023

Rapid ocean warming is affecting kelp forests globally. While the sporophyte life stage has been well studied for many species, the microscopic life stages of laminarian kelps have been understudied, particularly regarding spatial and temporal variations in thermal tolerance and their interaction. We investigated the thermal tolerance of growth, survival, development, and fertilization of Ecklonia radiata gametophytes, derived from zoospores sampled from two sites in Tasmania, Australia, throughout a year, over a temperature gradient (3–30°C). For growth we found a relatively stable thermal optimum at ~20.5°C and stable thermal maxima (25.3–27.7°C). The magnitude of growth was highly variable and depended on season and site, with no consistent spatial pattern for growth and gametophyte size. Survival also had a relatively stable thermal optimum of ~17°C, 3°C below the optimum for growth. Gametophytes grew to single cells between 5 and 25°C, but sporophytes were only observed between 10 and 20°C, indicating reproductive failure outside this range. The results reveal complex effects of source population and season of collection on gametophyte performance in E. radiata, with implications when comparing results from material collected at different localities and times. In Tasmania, gametophytes grow considerably below the estimated thermal maxima and thermal optima that are currently only reached during summer heatwaves, whereas optima for survival (~17°C) are frequently reached and surpassed during heatwaves, which may affect the persistence and recruitment of E. radiata in a warmer climate.
Young retrotransposons and non‐B DNA structures promote the establishment of dominant rye centromere in the 1RS.1BL fused centromere
Authors: Liu Chang , Huang Yuhong , Guo Xianrui , Yi Congyang , Liu Qian , Zhang Kaibiao , Zhu Congle , Liu Yang , Han Fangpu
Published: October 2023

The fine centromere structure in Robertsonian wheat‐rye translocation chromosomes exhibits variation among different translocation genotypes. Within extensively employed wheat‐rye 1RS.1BL translocation lines in wheat breeding, their translocated chromosomes frequently display fused centromere. Nevertheless, the mechanism governing the functionality of the fused centromere in 1RS.1BL translocated chromosomes remains to be clarified.

In this study, we investigated the fine centromere structure of the 1RS.1BL translocated chromosome through a combination of cytological and genomics methods. We found that only the rye‐derived centromere exhibits functional activity, whether in breeding applications or artificially synthesized translocation chromosomes.

The active rye‐derived centromere had higher proportion of young full‐length long terminal repeat retrotransposons (flLTR‐RTs) and more stable non‐B DNA structures, which may be beneficial toward transcription of centromeric repeats and CENH3 loading to maintain the activity of rye centromeres. High levels of DNA methylation and H3K9me2 were found in the inactive wheat‐derived centromeres, suggesting that it may play a crucial role in maintaining the inactive status of the wheat centromere.

Our works elucidate the fine structure of 1RS.1BL translocations and the potential mechanism of centromere inactivation in the fused centromere, contributing knowledge to the application of fused centromere in wheat breeding formation of new wheat‐rye translocation lines.
Older peoples' lived experiences of personalised care in care homes: A meta‐ethnography
Authors: Hodge Gary , Lang Iain , Byng Richard , Pearce Susie
Published: October 2023

Background

Guidance and policy on personalised (or person‐centred) care of older people living in care homes advocates that all residents must have their preferences considered, and that all care provided must be reasonably adjusted to meet the person's specific needs. Despite this, research that considers what matters to residents in terms of the care they receive is limited.

Objectives

Our review aims to explore care home residents' lived experiences of personalised care and understand what really matters to them.

Methods

Six electronic databases (CINHAL, Medline (Ovid), Embase, PubMed, Web of Science & PsychInfo) and Google Scholar (grey literature) were searched to identify qualitative studies relating to personalised care in care home settings, which also included resident (voices) quotes. The literature review and synthesis are reported using eMERGe guidance.

Results

Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria for our meta‐ethnography. Four conceptual categories (the challenge of fitting into institutional care, the passing of time, holding onto a sense of self and a desire to feel at home) and two key concepts (creating a culture of purposeful living and caring and forming and maintaining meaningful & empowering relationships) were identified. Finally, a conceptual framework of understanding represents what personally matters to residents in terms of their care.

Conclusion

Our meta‐ethnography, guided by residents' lived experiences of personalised care, offers a new perspective of what personally matters to residents in terms of the care they receive. The conceptual framework of understanding highlights the importance of moving from an institutional position of doing for residents to a person‐centred position of doing with residents.

Implications for practice

Our findings highlight the importance of understanding the differences between personalised and person‐centred care for policy and practice. Further considerations are required on how this might be applied through nurse and care home professionals' education and work practices.
Six‐year cumulative treatment effect and treatment efficacy of a dual focus myopia control contact lens
Authors: Chamberlain Paul , Hammond David Scott , Arumugam Baskar , Bradley Arthur
Published: October 2023

Purpose

Accumulated axial growth observed during a 6‐year clinical trial of a dual focus myopia control contact lens was used to explore different approaches to assess treatment efficacy.

Methods

Axial length measurements from 170 eyes in a 6‐year clinical trial of a dual focus myopia control lens (MiSight 1 day, CooperVision) were analysed. Treatment groups comprised one having undergone 6 years of treatment and the other (the initial control group) having 3 years of treatment after 3 years of wearing a single vision control lens. Efficacy was assessed by comparing accumulated ocular growth during treatment to that expected of untreated myopic and emmetropic eyes. The impact of treatment on delaying axial growth was quantified by comparing the increased time required to reach criterion growths for treated eyes and survivor analysis approaches.

Results

When compared to the predicted accumulated growth of untreated eyes, 6 years of treatment reduced growth by 0.52 mm, while 3 years of treatment initiated 3 years later reduced growth by 0.19 mm. Accumulated differences between the growth of treated and untreated myopic eyes ranged between 67% and 52% of the untreated myopic growth, and between 112% and 86% of the predicted difference in growth between untreated myopic and age‐matched emmetropic eyes. Treated eyes took almost 4 years longer to reach their final accumulated growth than untreated eyes. Treatment increased the time to reach criterion growths by 2.3–2.7 times.

Conclusion

Estimated growth of age‐matched emmetropic and untreated myopic eyes provided evidence of an accumulated slowing in axial elongation of 0.52 mm over 6 years, and the treated growth remained close to that expected of emmetropic eyes. Six years of dual focus myopia control delayed the time to reach the final growth level by almost 4 years.
Rational solutions of the fifth Painlevé equation. Generalized Laguerre polynomials
Authors: Clarkson Peter A. , Dunning Clare
Published: October 2023

In this paper, rational solutions of the fifth Painlevé equation are discussed. There are two classes of rational solutions of the fifth Painlevé equation, one expressed in terms of the generalized Laguerre polynomials, which are the main subject of this paper, and the other in terms of the generalized Umemura polynomials. Both the generalized Laguerre polynomials and the generalized Umemura polynomials can be expressed as Wronskians of Laguerre polynomials specified in terms of specific families of partitions. The properties of the generalized Laguerre polynomials are determined and various differential‐difference and discrete equations found. The rational solutions of the fifth Painlevé equation, the associated σ‐equation, and the symmetric fifth Painlevé system are expressed in terms of generalized Laguerre polynomials. Nonuniqueness of the solutions in special cases is established and some applications are considered. In the second part of the paper, the structure of the roots of the polynomials are investigated for all values of the parameters. Interesting transitions between root structures through coalescences at the origin are discovered, with the allowed behaviors controlled by hook data associated with the partition. The discriminants of the generalized Laguerre polynomials are found and also shown to be expressible in terms of partition data. Explicit expressions for the coefficients of a general Wronskian Laguerre polynomial defined in terms of a single partition are given.
How collective demands strengthen sympathy for normative and non‐normative protest action: The example of Hong Kong's anti‐extradition law amendment bill protests
Authors: Reichert Frank , Au Adelaide Tsz Nok , Fiedler Anna Julia
Published: October 2023

Political demands are a relevant factor in protest participation. However, most studies examined demands as a tactical tool, and it remains unclear how the endorsement of collective demands may contribute to creating the mobilization potential. This analysis examines how collective demands facilitate links of collective identity, efficacy, and grievances with sympathy for normative and non‐normative protest actions in the context of Hong Kong's anti‐extradition law amendment bill social movement. The results show that collective demands are directly and indirectly related to sympathy for protest action and moderate the role of political dissatisfaction in forming the mobilization potential. The analysis also reveals distinct associations of sympathy for normative versus non‐normative protest action with facilitating factors. These results are discussed with respect to their theoretical and practical relevance in forming the mobilization potential and how they may contribute to understanding social movements more generally.
Inter‐virus relationships in mixed infections and virus‐drought relationships in plants: a quantitative review
Authors: Sadras Victor , Guirao Maria , Moreno Aránzazu , Fereres Alberto
Published: October 2023

Inter‐virus relationships in mixed infections and virus‐drought relationships are important in agriculture and natural vegetation. In this quantitative review, we sampled published factorial experiments to probe for relationships against the null hypothesis of additivity. Our sample captured antagonistic, additive and synergistic inter‐virus relationships in double infections. Virus‐drought relationships in our sample were additive or antagonistic, reinforcing the notion that viruses have neutral or positive effects on droughted plants, or that drought enhances plant tolerance to viruses. Both inter‐virus and virus‐drought relationships vary with virus species, host plant to the level of cultivar or accession, timing of infection, plant age and trait and growing conditions. The trait‐dependence of these relationships has implications for resource allocation in plants. Owing to lagging theories, more experimental research in these fields is bound to return phenomenological outcomes. Theoretical work can advance in two complementary directions. First, the effective theory models the behaviour of the system without specifying all the underlying causes that lead to system state change. Second, mechanistic theory based on a nuanced view of the plant phenotype that explicitly considers downward causation; the influence of the plant phenotype on inter‐virus relations and vice versa; the impact of timing, intensity and duration of drought interacting with viruses to modulate the plant phenotype; both the soil (moisture) and atmospheric (vapour pressure deficit) aspects of drought. Theories should scale in time, from short term to full growing season, and in levels of organisation up to the relevant traits: crop yield in agriculture and fitness in nature.
Rice OsGATA16 is a positive regulator for chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development
Authors: Lim Chaemyeong , Kim Youngoh , Shim Yejin , Cho Sung‐Hwan , Yang Tae‐Jin , Song Young Hun , Kang Kiyoon , Paek Nam‐Chon
Published: October 2023

Chloroplasts are essential organelles in plants that contain chlorophylls and facilitate photosynthesis for growth and development. As photosynthetic efficiency significantly impacts crop productivity, understanding the regulatory mechanisms of chloroplast development has been crucial in increasing grain and biomass production. This study demonstrates the involvement of OsGATA16, an ortholog of Arabidopsis GATA, NITRATE INDUCIBLE, CARBON‐METABOLISM INVOLVED (GNC), and GNC‐LIKE/CYTOKININ‐RESPONSIVE GATA FACTOR 1 (GNL/CGA1), in chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development in rice (Oryza sativa). The osgata16‐1 knockdown mutants produced pale‐green leaves, while OsGATA16‐overexpressed plants (OsGATA16‐OE1) generated dark‐green leaves, compared to their parental japonica rice. Reverse transcription and quantitative PCR analysis revealed downregulation of genes related to chloroplast division, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and photosynthesis in the leaves of osgata16‐1 and upregulation in those of OsGATA16‐OE1. Additionally, in vivo binding assays showed that OsGATA16 directly binds to the promoter regions of OsHEMA, OsCHLH, OsPORA, OsPORB, and OsFtsZ, and upregulates their expression. These findings indicate that OsGATA16 serves as a positive regulator controlling chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development in rice.
Sub‐Saharan Africa's participation in global value chains: 1995–2021
Authors: Mancini Michele , Mattoo Aaditya , Taglioni Daria , Winkler Deborah
Published: October 2023

This paper examines Sub‐Saharan Africa's (SSA) role in global value chains (GVCs) through a new comprehensive country‐sector level database. It reaffirms known aspects: SSA's involvement in GVCs has grown but still trails other regions, especially in manufacturing. Typically, SSA is involved in upstream production stages, exporting commodities that are later processed and re‐exported by other countries. Only few SSA countries have integrated into manufacturing GVCs, importing inputs for export production. SSA also engages more in GVCs with external partners than with other SSA countries. Yet, new insights also emerge. SSA increasingly provides inputs for its own export products, though not for domestic sales. Additionally, African GVCs are shifting alliances; China and India are rising as sources for supply of inputs and final demand, overtaking Europe. However, the United States and Europe remain pivotal final destinations for African goods and re‐export hubs of African value added.
A cognitive‐behavioral skills building program improves mental health and enhances healthy lifestyle behaviors in nurses and other hospital employees
Authors: Hoying Jacqueline , Terry Ayanna , Kelly Stephanie , Melnyk Bernadette Mazurek
Published: October 2023

Background

Mental health outcomes in nurses have historically indicated a greater prevalence of anxiety, depression, and suicide than the general population. It is vital to provide programming for healthcare workers to gain the necessary skills to reduce burnout and improve their mental and physical health.

Aims

The aims of this study were to evaluate mental health outcomes and healthy lifestyle beliefs and behaviors among nurses and other hospital employees who completed MINDBODYSTRONG, a cognitive‐behavioral skill building program.

Methods

A pre‐experimental, pre‐ and poststudy design was used to examine mental health and well‐being outcomes among 100 hospital personnel who participated in MINDBODYSTRONG, a program designed to improve coping and resiliency and decrease stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Outcomes measured included healthy lifestyle behaviors, healthy lifestyle beliefs, anxiety, depression, stress, and burnout.

Results

One hundred hospital personnel, including 93 nurses, completed the pre‐ and post‐survey. Among all participants, post‐ MINDBODYSTRONG scores for healthy lifestyle beliefs (p = .00; Cohen's d = 0.52) and healthy lifestyle behaviors (p = .00; Cohen's d = −0.74) increased significantly with medium effects, while depression (p = .00; Cohen's d = −0.51), anxiety (p = .00; Cohen's d = −0.54), stress (p = .00; Cohen's d = −0.33), and burnout (p = .00; Cohen's d = −0.37) decreased significantly with small and medium effects. The program produced even stronger positive effects on mental health outcomes for participants who started the study with higher levels of depression and anxiety.

Linking Evidence to Practice

Anxiety, depression, stress, and burnout decreased significantly postintervention. Participants also significantly improved their healthy lifestyle beliefs and behaviors with the MINDBODYSTRONG program. MINDBODYSTRONG is an effective program that reduces anxiety, depression, burnout, and stress and improves healthy lifestyle beliefs and behaviors in hospital‐based clinicians. It is of utmost importance to provide evidence‐based programs to improve mental resiliency and decrease stress, anxiety, burnout, and depressive symptoms, which will ultimately improve the safety and quality of health care.
Unraveling the Relationship between Content Quality, Design, and User Engagement in Douyin's Adolescent Mode
Authors: Li Zhiyu , Wang Chuqi
Published: October 2023

In recent years, short video social platforms have garnered widespread attention, with Douyin (the Chinese version of TikTok) being a typical representative. The daily active users of the teen segment in Douyin are estimated to exceed 42 million. However, there still exists a certain blind spot in the research of Douyin's teen-specific content. This study conducts a content analysis of 360 short videos in Douyin's adolescent mode, and employs a Structural Equation Model (SEM) to analyze the relationships between the content quality, design features, learning objectives, age appropriateness, and user engagement. The results reveal that age appropriateness and learning objectives have a significant positive impact on content quality, and content quality and design features significantly positively impact user engagement. Further discussions point out that Douyin's adolescent mode faces challenges in dealing with issues like gender bias and algorithm bias, which may have adverse effects on the holistic development of teen users. The research findings provide empirical evidence for short video creators and platform optimization, and put forward targeted suggestions for the design of short video content in adolescent mode.
Experimental Vibration Investigation of Roller Element Bearing With Combined Faults Using Surface Response Methodology
Authors: Patel Samruddhi , Patel Sanjay
Published: October 2023

The empirical and mathematical approach is presented in the present paper for multiple distributed and localized flaws analyses in the shaft-rotor-bearing arrangement. These flaws in the combination of the inner raceway, outer raceway, and roller are measured for the analysis. To comprehend their relevance and how they affect the vibration response for the shaft-rotor-bearing mechanism, speed, load, and flaws were regarded to be the crucial process factors in this investigation. The full factorial method was considered for experimentation, and the experiment was done with the design of experiments (DOE) methodology. The outcomes of the vibration response trials are quantified as root-mean-square (RMS) values for interpretation. To determine the relationship between the effects of changing process parameters on the response of vibrations, surface response methodology (SRM) is applied. DOE is used to examine the shaft-rotor-bearing test arrangement, which is employed for exploration. In the present research, it is established how combined parametric effect analysis predicts faults in the shaft-rotor-bearing system and how it affects DOE and RSM.
Pollen as sole food source for two generalist predatory mite species (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
Authors: Santos de Freitas Giselle , Oswaldo Viteri Jumbo Luis , Soares Rêgo Adriano , Serra Galvão Andréia , Azevedo do Amaral Ester , Vieira Teodoro Adenir
Published: October 2023

Amblyseius largoensis and Typhlodromus ornatus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) are generalist predatory mites that naturally inhabit coconut plantations and other tropical crops. We assessed the suitability of two coconut pest mites, Raoiella indica (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) and Aceria guerreronis (Acari: Eriophyidae); the storage mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Acari: Acaridae); honey; and the pollens of castor bean, Ricinus communis, and cattail, Typha domingensis, and their mixture, as food sources for the mass rearing of A. largoensis and T. ornatus. Both pollens, supplied singly or mixed, generated the highest progeny production by both A. largoensis and T. ornatus, and were therefore selected for further life table studies. The pollen diets did not influence the survival of A. largoensis whereas there was higher survivorship of T. ornatus fed on the mixed pollen diet than on R. communis pollen alone. The maximum oviposition rate of both A. largoensis and T. ornatus occurred at the beginning of adulthood, irrespective of the pollen diet. Overall, the life table parameters indicated that the pollen of R. communis for A. largoensis, and R. communis with the mixed pollen diet for T. ornatus, were the best regarding population growth and reproduction. Collectively, our results indicate that A. largoensis and T. ornatus can survive and reproduce excellently when fed solely on R. communis or on the mixed pollen diet. In addition, these results point to the potential of pollen supplementation for the enhancement of the efficiency of these predators in conservation biological control.
A new feather mite of the genus Megniniella (Acariformes: Analgidae) from the Common Crane Grus grus (Gruiformes: Gruidae)
Authors: Mironov Sergey V. , Malovichko Liubov V.
Published: October 2023

A new feather mite species, Megniniella gruophila sp. nov., is described from the Common Crane, Grus grus (Gruiformes: Gruidae), in the Stavropol Krai, European Russia, and this is the first record of the genus Megniniella from the family of cranes. The new species is most close to M. ratcliffi Mironov and Galloway, 2002 and readily differs from this species in having the following features: in both sexes, supracoxal setae scx are absent; in males, the scapular shield lacks suprategumental extensions, the hysteronotal shield bears longitudinal striae only in a small area anterior to the supranal concavity; in females, setae c3 are situated off the humeral shields, coxal setae 4b are situated posterior to the tips of the epigynum, setae e2 do not extend to the posterior margin of the opisthosoma. Taxonomic notes on the genus Megniniella and corrections of its species contents are provided. The genus was established by Gaud (1958) without designation of a type species; therefore, according to Article 13.3 of the current code of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999), the authority and year of Megniniella should be referred to the subsequent paper where it was designated (Gaud & Mouchet 1959). Dimorphus calcaratus Haller, 1882, formerly included by Gaud (1968) in the genus Megniniella, is removed and placed in the genus Metanalges Trouessart, 1919 (Analgidae) with the new combination Metanalges (Agrialges) calcaratus (Haller, 1882) comb. nov. Megniniella porzanae Gaud, 1958 and M. limnocoracis Gaud and Mouchet, 1959, formerly synonymized by Gaud (1968) with Megniniella calcarata (Haller, 1882), are restored as valid species. The subspecies Megninia gallinulae maior Berlese, 1886, formerly referred by Hull (1934) to the genus Diplaegidia Hull, 1934 (Analgidae) and treated as a full species D. major, is transferred to the genus Megniniella with the new combination Megniniella maior (Berlese, 1886) comb. nov.
Genome sequence of
Providencia stuartii
prov-sta1, isolated from the wasp
Nasonia vitripennis
Authors: Wu Runbiao , Zhu Zhengyu , Wang Guan-Hong
Published: October 2023

Providencia stuartii
prov-sta1 is a prevalent Gram-negative bacterium and dominant in the wasp
Nasonia vitripennis
. In this study, we present the draft genome sequence of
P. stuartii
prov-sta1, and the genome size is 4,380,152 bp in 183 contigs with a G+C content of 41.34%.
Grass-legume mixtures maintain forage biomass under microbial diversity loss via gathering
Pseudomonas
in root zone soil
Authors: Liu Yu , Yan Wei , Yang Tongyao , An Yining , Li Xiaomeng , Gao Hang , Peng Ziheng , Wei Gehong , Jiao Shuo
Published: October 2023

As the most common approach for the restoration of degraded grasslands, the use of grass-legume mixtures has long been recognized for its role in increasing aboveground biomass and resisting grassland degradation. However, whether the legumes in these mixtures can help neighboring plants resist the decline in biomass caused by the loss of soil microbial diversity remains a question worthy of investigation. To address this, we employed a dilution method to create a gradient of decreasing microbial diversity in soil and utilized full-factorial combinations of legumes and two grasses to investigate the crucial role of legumes in the mixture. The results showed that compared to monoculture, the mixture of
Medicago sativa
L. and
Elymus dahuricus
Turcz. enhanced the biomass of grass species under conditions of soil microbial diversity loss. We then discovered that a significantly enriched
Pseudomonas
(ASV53), in the grass-legume mixtures under conditions of microbial diversity loss, was positively correlated with plant biomass and nitrogen-fixing (
nifH
) gene abundance, implying that it could be a keystone species. In addition, the grass-legume mixture increased the deterministic processes of microbial community enrichment in the root zone soil by enhancing the process of homogeneous selection. Functional predictions revealed that grass-legume mixtures increased the potential abundance of N-related and phototrophy-related microbial communities in the root zone soil. This study provides an important insight into the mechanism underlying the role of legumes in increasing and maintaining grass biomass despite soil microbial diversity loss.

IMPORTANCE

Grass-legume mixtures are a common practice for establishing artificial grasslands, directly or indirectly contributing to the improvement of yield. In addition, this method helps maintain soil and plant health by reducing the use of chemical fertilizers. The impact of grass-legume mixtures on yield and its underlying microbial mechanisms have been a focus of scientific investigation. However, the benefits of mixtures in the context of soil microbial diversity loss remain a problem worthy of exploration. In this study, we examined different aboveground and belowground diversity combinations to elucidate the mechanisms by which grass-legume mixtures help maintain stable yields in the face of diversity loss. We identified the significantly enriched
Pseudomonas
genus microbial ASV53, which was gathered through homogeneous selection and served as a keystone in the co-occurrence network. ASV53 showed a strong positive correlation with biomass and the abundance of nitrogen-fixing genes. These findings provide a new theoretical foundation for utilizing grass-legume mixtures to enhance grass yields and address the challenges posed by diversity loss.
Supplemental Material: A 5000 yr record of coastal uplift and subsidence reveals multiple source faults for past earthquakes on the central Hikurangi margin, New Zealand
Authors: Pizer Charlotte , al. et
Published: October 2023

Includes additional details on core locations and descriptions, microfossil results, radiocarbon results, and age modeling.
Tunable Diode Lasers for Analytics and Diagnostics
Authors: Bolshov M. A. , Kuritsyn Yu. A. , Liger V. V. , Mironenko V. R. , Ponurovskii Ya. Ya.
Published: October 2023

Continuous-wave diode lasers (DLs) with tunable emission wavelengths have become extensively used in various fields of analytical spectroscopy and diagnostics. Working in the near and mid-IR spectral region, tunable diode lasers are particularly effective in detecting simple molecules, making them invaluable for environmental monitoring, industrial process control, and diagnostics of subsonic and supersonic gas flows. However, the lack of commercial diode lasers operating in the spectral region shorter than 400 nm has restricted their applicability to elemental analysis, as many resonance lines of free atoms of elements lie in the region 250–400 nm. This review aims to highlight various applications of continuous diode lasers, which are lesser-known to analytical chemists. We briefly overview their main characteristics and discuss their advantages, enabling their successful implementation in traditional analytical spectroscopy tasks, as well as for diagnosing parameters of remote gas objects, including combustion processes in mixing gas flows.
Parosteal lipoma of rib causing widening of intercostal space in an adolescent
Authors: Tamang Manita , Mahalik Santosh Kumar , Tripathy Tara Prasad
Published: October 2023

Parosteal lipomas are typically seen in adults and affect mostly the diaphysis of the long bones of the upper and lower limbs. Only a few cases have been reported in children until now and none were reported involving ribs. A female adolescent patient presented with swelling on the left upper back over the scapular region for the past 4 years without any neurological deficit. MRI revealed a hyperintense lesion on the left paravertebral region extending from D5 to D12 and into the intercostal space, causing it to widen. The patient underwent surgical excision. The lipomatous mass was seen entering in to the intercostal space, causing it to widen. However, the pleura was not breached. In this report, we have performed a literature review compiling all cases of parosteal lipoma affecting the ribs.