bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research Priorities for Pediatric Emergency Care to Address Disparities by Race, Ethnicity, and Language
Authors: Portillo Elyse N. , Rees Chris A. , Hartford Emily A. , Foughty Zachary C. , Pickett Michelle L. , Gutman Colleen K. , Shihabuddin Bashar S. , Fleegler Eric W. , Chumpitazi Corrie E. , Johnson Tiffani J. , Schnadower David , Shaw Kathy N.
Published: November 2023

Importance

Health care disparities are well-documented among children based on race, ethnicity, and language for care. An agenda that outlines research priorities for disparities in pediatric emergency care (PEC) is lacking.

Objective

To investigate research priorities for disparities in PEC among medical personnel, researchers, and health care–affiliated community organizations.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this survey study, a modified Delphi approach was used to investigate research priorities for disparities in PEC. An initial list of research priorities was developed by a group of experienced PEC investigators in 2021. Partners iteratively assessed the list through 2 rounds of electronic surveys using Likert-type responses in late 2021 and early 2022. Priorities were defined as achieving consensus if they received a score of highest priority or priority by at least 60% of respondents. Asynchronous engagement of participants via online web-conferencing platforms and email correspondence with electronic survey administration was used. Partners were individuals and groups involved in PEC. Participants represented interest groups, research and medical personnel organizations, health care partners, and laypersons with roles in community and family hospital advisory councils. Participants were largely from the US, with input from international PEC research networks.

Outcome

Consensus agenda of research priorities to identify and address health care disparities in PEC.

Results

PEC investigators generated an initial list of 27 potential priorities. Surveys were completed by 38 of 47 partners (80.6%) and 30 of 38 partners (81.1%) in rounds 1 and 2, respectively. Among 30 respondents who completed both rounds, there were 7 family or community partners and 23 medical or research partners, including 4 international PEC research networks. A total of 12 research priorities achieved the predetermined consensus threshold: (1) systematic efforts to reduce disparities; (2) race, ethnicity, and language data collection and reporting; (3) recognizing and mitigating clinician implicit bias; (4) mental health disparities; (5) social determinants of health; (6) language and literacy; (7) acute pain–management disparities; (8) quality of care equity metrics; (9) shared decision-making; (10) patient experience; (11) triage and acuity score assignment; and (12) inclusive research participation.

Conclusions and Relevance

These results suggest a research priority agenda that may be used as a guide for investigators, research networks, organizations, and funding agencies to engage in and support high-priority disparities research topics in PEC.
Risk of Suicidal Ideation and Behavior in Individuals With Parkinson Disease
Authors: Mai Aaron Shengting , Chao Yinxia , Xiao Bin , Zhou Zhidong , Yong Jung Hahn , Lee Ainsley Ryan Yan Bin , Tan Eng-King
Published: November 2023

Importance

Suicide risk may be increased in patients with Parkinson disease (PD), a common neurodegenerative condition. Mood disorders, especially depression, are prevalent in patients with PD who report suicidality.

Objective

To address inconsistent results from studies of suicidal ideation and behavior in patients with PD.

Data Sources

The study team searched MEDLINE and Embase from inception to June 14, 2023, and further screened the bibliographies of relevant studies to ensure a comprehensive search.

Study Selection

Original studies, published in English, discussing either suicidal ideation, behavior, or both in adults with PD were included. Accepted study designs included cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies. Studies that only included patients with PD after deep brain stimulation were excluded.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

This meta-analysis was conducted in line with the PRISMA guidelines. Two authors reviewed each study and extracted the data independently, with discrepancies referred to a third independent author.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Outcomes included the prevalence of suicidal ideation and behavior, measured as proportions, and the risk of suicidal behavior in patients with PD relative to controls, measured in both odds ratio (OR) and hazards ratio (HR).

Results

A total of 28 studies comprising 505 950 PD patients were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was evaluated in 14 studies (22.2%; 95% CI, 14.6-32.3) and suicidal behavior in 21 studies (1.25%; 95% CI, 0.64-2.41). Excluding 4 outliers, prevalence of suicidal behavior was significantly higher in prospective studies (1.75%; 95% CI, 1.03-2.95) than retrospective studies (0.50%; 95% CI, 0.24-1.01). Excluding 1 outlier, OR of suicidal behavior was pooled across 10 studies and significant (OR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.22-3.78;P = .01). HR of suicidal behavior was assessed in 9 studies (HR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.40-2.14;P < .001).

Conclusions and Relevance

This meta-analysis involving more than 500 000 patients with PD found 22.2% and 1.25% of patients with PD to have suicidal ideation and behavior, respectively. Patients with PD had 2 times the risk of suicidal behavior than controls. Early recognition and management of suicidality in PD can help reduce mortality.
Patient and Family Outcomes of Community Neurologist Palliative Education and Telehealth Support in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Kluger Benzi M. , Katz Maya , Galifianakis Nicholas B. , Pantilat Steven Z. , Hauser Joshua M. , Khan Ryan , Friedman Cari , Vaughan Christina L. , Goto Yuika , Long S. Judith , Martin Christine S. , Dini Megan , McQueen R. Brett , Palmer Laura , Fairclough Diane , Seeberger Lauren C. , Sillau Stefan H. , Kutner Jean S.
Published: November 2023

Importance

Parkinson disease and related disorders (PDRD) are the fastest growing neurodegenerative illness in terms of prevalence and mortality. As evidence builds to support palliative care (PC) for PDRD, studies are needed to guide implementation.

Objective

To determine whether PC training for neurologists and remote access to a PC team improves outcomes in patients with PDRD in community settings.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This pragmatic, stepped-wedge comparative effectiveness trial enrolled and observed participants from 19 community neurology practices supported by PC teams at 2 academic centers from March 8, 2017, to December 31, 2020. Participants were eligible if they had PDRD and moderate to high PC needs. A total of 612 persons with PDRD were referred; 253 were excluded. Patients were excluded if they had another diagnosis meriting PC, were receiving PC, or were unable or unwilling to follow study procedures. Patients received usual care or the intervention based on when their community neurologist was randomized to start the intervention. Data were analyzed from January 2021 to September 2023.

Intervention

The intervention included (1) PC education for community neurologists and (2) team-based PC support via telehealth.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcomes were differences at 6 months in patient quality of life (QOL; measured by the Quality of Life in Alzheimer Disease Scale [QOL-AD]) and caregiver burden (Zarit Burden Interview) between the intervention and usual care.

Results

A total of 359 patients with PDRD (233 men [64.9%]; mean [SD] age, 74.0 [8.8] years) and 300 caregivers were enrolled. At 6 months, compared with usual care, participants receiving the intervention had better QOL (QOL-AD score, 0.09 [95% CI, −0.63 to 0.82] vs −0.88 [95% CI, −1.62 to −0.13]; treatment effect estimate, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.07-1.86; P = .03). No significant difference was observed in caregiver burden (Zarit Burden Interview score, 1.19 [95% CI, 0.16 to 2.23] vs 0.55 [95%, −0.44 to 1.54]; treatment effect estimate, 0.64; 95% CI, −0.62 to 1.90; P = .32). Advance directive completion was higher under the intervention (19 of 38 [50%] vs 6 of 31 [19%] among those without directives at the beginning of the study; P = .008). There were no differences in other outcomes.

Conclusions and Relevance

PC education for community neurologists and provision of team-based PC via telehealth is feasible and may improve QOL and advance care planning. Overall treatment effects were small and suggest opportunities to improve both the intervention and implementation.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03076671
Ethically Advancing Pediatric Cardiac Xenotransplant
Authors: Hurst Daniel J. , Padilla Luz
Published: November 2023

This Viewpoint examines how pediatrics should prepare for the prospect of cardiac xenotransplant, including its ethical implications.
Hyaluronic acid metabolism and chemotherapy resistance: recent advances and therapeutic potential
Authors: Liu Zhanhong , Hou Pengbo , Fang Jiankai , Shao Changshun , Shi Yufang , Melino Gerry , Peschiaroli Angelo
Published: November 2023

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a major component of the extracellular matrix, providing essential mechanical scaffolding for cells and, at the same time, mediating essential biochemical signals required for tissue homeostasis. Many solid tumors are characterized by dysregulated HA metabolism, resulting in increased HA levels in cancer tissues. HA interacts with several cell surface receptors, such as cluster of differentiation 44 and receptor for hyaluronan‐mediated motility, thus co‐regulating important signaling pathways in cancer development and progression. In this review, we describe the enzymes controlling HA metabolism and its intracellular effectors emphasizing their impact on cancer chemotherapy resistance. We will also explore the current and future prospects of HA‐based therapy, highlighting the opportunities and challenges in the field.
Acquired and intrinsic resistance to vemurafenib in BRAFV600E‐driven melanoma brain metastases
Authors: Zhang Ping , Kuil Laura Esmee , Buil Levi Conrad Maria , Freriks Stephan , Beijnen Jos Hendrik , van Tellingen Olaf , de Gooijer Mark Cornelis
Published: November 2023

BRAFV600‐mutated melanoma brain metastases (MBMs) are responsive to BRAF inhibitors, but responses are generally less durable than those of extracranial metastases. We tested the hypothesis that the drug efflux transporters P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp; ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP; ABCG2) expressed at the blood–brain barrier (BBB) offer MBMs protection from therapy. We intracranially implanted A375 melanoma cells in wild‐type (WT) and Abcb1a/b;Abcg2−/− mice, characterized the tumor BBB, analyzed drug levels in plasma and brain lesions after oral vemurafenib administration, and determined the efficacy against brain metastases and subcutaneous lesions. Although contrast‐enhanced MRI demonstrated that the integrity of the BBB is disrupted in A375 MBMs, vemurafenib achieved greater antitumor efficacy against MBMs in Abcb1a/b;Abcg2−/− mice compared with WT mice. Concordantly, P‐gp and BCRP are expressed in MBM‐associated brain endothelium both in patients and in A375 xenografts and expression of these transporters limited vemurafenib penetration into A375 MBMs. Although initially responsive, A375 MBMs rapidly developed therapy resistance, even in Abcb1a/b;Abcg2−/− mice, and this was unrelated to pharmacokinetic or target inhibition issues. Taken together, we demonstrate that both intrinsic and acquired resistance can play a role in MBMs.
Closer to The Heart: Harnessing the Power of Targeted Extracellular Vesicle Therapies
Authors: Jiang Jizong , Zhang Xinxin , Wang Hongyun , Spanos Michail , Jiang Fei , Ni Lingyan , Li Jin , Li Guoping , Lin Yanjuan , Xiao Junjie
Published: November 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for cardiovascular diseases. EVs derived from various origins exhibit distinct effects on the cardiovascular system. However, the application of native EVs is constrained due to their poor stabilities and limited targeting capabilities. Currently, targeted modification of EVs primarily involves genetic engineering, chemical modification (covalent, non‐covalent), cell membrane modification, and biomaterial encapsulation. These techniques enhance the stability, biological activity, target‐binding capacity, and controlled release of EVs at specific cells and tissues. The diverse origins of cardioprotective EVs are covered, and the applications of cardiac‐targeting EV delivery systems in protecting against cardiovascular diseases are discussed. This review summarizes the current stage of research on the potential of EV‐based targeted therapies for addressing cardiovascular disorders.
Exosomes as Theranostic Agents in Reproduction System
Authors: Izadpanah Melika , Yalameha Banafsheh , Sani Maryam Zamani , Cheragh Parisa Khani , Mahdipour Mahdi , Rezabakhsh Aysa , Rahbarghazi Reza
Published: November 2023

Exosomes (Exos), belonging to extracellular vesicles, are cell‐derived nano‐sized vesicles with the potential to carry different kinds of biological molecules. Many studies have proved the impacts of exosomal cargo on several biological processes in female and male reproductive systems. It is also hypothesized that changes in exosomal cargo are integral to the promotion of certain pathological conditions, thus Exos can be used as valid biomarkers for the diagnosis of infertility and other abnormal conditions. Here, efforts are made to collect some recent data related to the physiological significance of Exos in the reproductive system, and their potential therapeutic effects. It is anticipated that the current review article will lay the groundwork for elucidating the source and mechanisms by which Exos control the reproductive system additionally supplying fresh methods and concepts for the detection and treatment of disorders associated with fertility for future studies.
Comprehensive Matrisome Profiling of Human Adipose Tissue for Soft Tissue Reconstruction
Authors: Major Gretel , Simcock Jeremy , Kumar Abhishek , Kleffmann Torsten , Woodfield Tim B. F. , Lim Khoon S.
Published: November 2023

For effective translation of research from tissue engineering and regenerative medicine domains, the cell‐instructive extracellular matrix (ECM) of specific tissues must be accurately realized. As adipose tissue is gaining traction as a biomaterial for soft tissue reconstruction, with highly variable clinical outcomes obtained, a quantitative investigation of the adipose tissue matrisome is overdue. In this study, the human adipose tissue matrisome is profiled using quantitative sequential windowed acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra ‐ mass spectrometry (SWATH‐MS) proteomics across a cohort of 13 fat‐grafting patients, to provide characterization of ECM proteins within the tissue, and to understand human population variation. There are considerable differences in the expression of matrisome proteins across the patient cohort, with age and lipoaspirate collection technique contributing to the greatest variation across the core matrisome. A high abundance of basement membrane proteins (collagen IV and heparan sulfate proteoglycan) is detected, as well as fibrillar collagens I and II, reflecting the hierarchical structure of the tissue. This study provides a comprehensive proteomic evaluation of the adipose tissue matrisome and contributes to an enhanced understanding of the influence of the matrisome in adipose‐related pathologies by providing a healthy reference cohort and details an experimental pipeline that can be further exploited for future biomaterial development.
Hydrodynamic Assembly of Astrocyte Cells in Conductive Hollow Microfibers
Authors: Ouedraogo Lionel J. , Trznadel Mychal J. , Kling McKayla , Nasirian Vahid , Borst Alexandra G. , Shirsavar Mehran Abbasi , Makowski Andrew , McNamara Marilyn C. , Montazami Reza , Hashemi Nicole N.
Published: November 2023

The manufacturing of 3D cell scaffoldings provides advantages for modeling diseases and injuries as it enables the creation of physiologically relevant platforms. A triple‐flow microfluidic device is developed to rapidly fabricate alginate/graphene hollow microfibers based on the gelation of alginate induced with CaCl2. This five‐channel microdevice actualizes continuous mild fabrication of hollow fibers under an optimized flow rate ratio of 300:200:100 µL min−1. The polymer solution is 2.5% alginate in 0.1% graphene and a 30% polyethylene glycol solution is used as the sheath and core solutions. The biocompatibility of these conductive microfibers by encapsulating mouse astrocyte cells (C8D1A) within the scaffolds is investigated. The cells can successfully survive both the manufacturing process and prolonged encapsulation for up to 8 days, where there is between 18–53% of live cells on both the alginate microfibers and alginate/graphene microfibers. These unique 3D hollow scaffolds can significantly enhance the available surface area for nutrient transport to the cells. In addition, these conductive hollow scaffolds illustrate unique advantages such as 0.728 cm3 gr−1 porosity and two times more electrical conductivity in comparison to alginate scaffolds. The results confirm the potential of these scaffolds as a microenvironment that supports cell growth.
Impact of a Short‐Pulse High‐Intense Proton Irradiation on High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Parkhomenko Hryhorii P. , Solovan Mykhailo M. , Sahare Sanjay , Mostovyi Andriy I. , Aidarkhanov Damir , Schopp Nora , Kovaliuk Taras , Kaikanov Marat , Ng Annie , Brus Viktor V.
Published: November 2023

This work investigates the radiation resistance of high‐performance multi‐component perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for the first time under extreme short‐pulse proton irradiation conditions. The devices are subjected to high‐intensity 170 keV pulsed (150 ns) proton irradiation, with a fluence of up to 1013 p cm−2, corresponding to ≈30 years of operation at low Earth orbit. A complex material characterization of the perovskite active layer and device physics analysis of the PSCs before and after short‐pulse proton irradiation is conducted. The obtained results indicate that the photovoltaic performance of the solar cells experiences a slight deterioration up to 20 % and 50 % following the low 2 × 1012 p cm−2 and high 1 × 1013 p cm−2 proton fluences, respectively, due to increased non‐radiative recombination losses. The findings reveal that multi‐component PSCs are immune even to extreme high‐intense short‐pulse proton irradiation, which exceeds harsh space conditions, including intense coronal ejection events usually associated with solar flares.
Biomimetic Metal–Organic Framework Combats Biofilm‐Associated Infections via Hyperthermia‐Enhanced Bacterial Metabolic Interference and Autophagy‐Promoted Adaptive Immunity
Authors: Hu Xianli , Ma Ruixiang , Zhang Peng , Dong Jiale , Sun Jiaxuan , Wang Wenzhi , Liu Quan , Kong Lingtong , Zhang Xudong , Wang Zhengxi , Mei Jiawei , Shang Xifu , Zhu Wanbo , Su Zheng , Zhu Chen
Published: November 2023

Robust bacterial metabolism and the immunosuppression on peripheral immune cells cause biofilm‐associated infections (BAIs) extremely refractory to be eradicated via antibiotics alone. Herein, hierarchical mesoporous UiO‐66 metal–organic framework is decorated with selenite, polypyrrole, and macrophage membrane (MM) to develop a biomimetic nanosphere (USPM). Following the recruitment of USPM to the biofilm microenvironment (BME) via the pathogen‐targeting ability derived from MM. The BME‐responsive USPM can precisely release selenite to penetrate the loosened biofilm in synergy with near‐infrared‐induced mild photothermal therapy (mPTT). Selenite can quickly react with reducing substances to generate hydrogen selenide (H2Se) inside the biofilm. H2Se can competitively inhibit bacterial metabolic processes and disrupt biofilm metabolic homeostasis by cascade amplification effects. Furthermore, H2Se inside the biofilm further sensitizes photothermia to exert a precise local photothermal effect. Outside the biofilm, USPM can simultaneously promote the phagocytosis and autophagy of macrophages to kill and decompose the phagocytosed bacteria. Finally, the well‐decomposed bacterial antigens in macrophages can be presented to antigen‐presenting cells to arouse adaptive immune responses and enhance anti‐biofilm effectiveness further. Such powerful mPTT‐enhanced bacterial metabolic disruption and macrophagic autophagy‐promoted adaptive immune activation suggest an alternative therapeutic strategy to cure refractory BAIs.
Novel Dibenzofulvene‐Based NIR‐II Emission Phototheranostic Agent with an 82.6% Photothermal Conversion Efficiency for Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Liu Yan‐Zhao , Ran Xiao‐Yun , Zhou Ding‐Heng , Zhang Hong , Chen Yu‐Jin , Xu Ji‐Xuan , Chen Shan‐Yong , Kong Qing‐Quan , Yu Xiao‐Qi , Li Kun
Published: November 2023

Organic molecules with second near‐infrared (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) emission have significant advantages over NIR‐I (600–900 nm) dyes, and have been widely used as phototheranostic agents (PTAs) and fluorescent probes. However, the two biggest challenges for such reagents are improving photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE), and simplifying tedious synthetic procedures. Herein, different from the traditional NIR skeleton, for the first time, it develops two novel dibenzofulvene‐based NIR‐II emission PTAs via D‐π‐A concept with high PCEs through two simple synthetic steps. The increased intramolecular charge transfer effect and extended π‐conjugation effectively red‐shift their emissions to the NIR‐II region. In addition, the introduction of molecular rotors/vibrators and the formation of π–π stacking prompt the two PTAs to exhibit high PCEs. Notably, FE‐IDMN nanoparticles (FE‐IDMN NPs) achieve an exciting PCE of 82.6%, higher than most reported photothermal agents with NIR‐II emission. FE‐IDMN NPs also possess good colloidal, pH, and photothermal stabilities, as well as excellent photoacoustic response, which is further successfully applied for NIR‐II fluorescence/photoacoustic/photothermal imaging‐guided photothermal therapy. This work provides a simple strategy for constructing new D‐π‐A PTAs with low molecular weight, NIR‐II emission, and high PCE for cancer therapy.
Hydrogel‐Embedded Precision‐Cut Lung Slices Model Lung Cancer Premalignancy Ex Vivo
Authors: Blomberg Rachel , Sompel Kayla , Hauer Caroline , Smith Alex J. , Peña Brisa , Driscoll Jennifer , Hume Patrick S. , Merrick Daniel T. , Tennis Meredith A. , Magin Chelsea M.
Published: November 2023

Lung cancer is the leading global cause of cancer‐related deaths. Although smoking cessation is the best prevention, 50% of lung cancer diagnoses occur in people who have quit smoking. Research into treatment options for high‐risk patients is constrained to rodent models, which are time‐consuming, expensive, and require large cohorts. Embedding precision‐cut lung slices (PCLS) within an engineered hydrogel and exposing this tissue to vinyl carbamate, a carcinogen from cigarette smoke, creates an in vitro model of lung cancer premalignancy. Hydrogel formulations are selected to promote early lung cancer cellular phenotypes and extend PCLS viability to six weeks. Hydrogel‐embedded PCLS are exposed to vinyl carbamate, which induces adenocarcinoma in mice. Analysis of proliferation, gene expression, histology, tissue stiffness, and cellular content after six weeks reveals that vinyl carbamate induces premalignant lesions with a mixed adenoma/squamous phenotype. Putative chemoprevention agents diffuse through the hydrogel and induce tissue‐level changes. The design parameters selected using murine tissue are validated with hydrogel‐embedded human PCLS and results show increased proliferation and premalignant lesion gene expression patterns. This tissue‐engineered model of human lung cancer premalignancy is the foundation for more sophisticated ex vivo models that enable the study of carcinogenesis and chemoprevention strategies.
Post‐Graphene 2D Materials: Structures, Properties, and Cancer Therapy Applications
Authors: Kuang Fei , Hui Tiankun , Chen Yingjie , Qiu Meng , Gao Xiang
Published: November 2023

Cancer is one of the most serious diseases challenging human health and life span. Cancer has claimed millions of lives worldwide. Early diagnosis and effective treatment of cancer are very important for the survival of patients. In recent years, 2D nanomaterials have shown great potential in the development of anticancer treatment by combining their inherent physicochemical properties after surface modification. 2D nanomaterials have attracted great interest due to their unique nanosheet structure, large surface area, and extraordinary physicochemical properties. This article reviews the advantages and application status of emerging 2D nanomaterials for targeted tumor synergistic therapy compared with traditional therapeutic strategies. In order to investigate novel potential anticancer strategies, this paper focuses on the surface modification, cargo delivery capability, and unique optical properties of emerging 2D nanomaterials. Finally, the current problems and challenges in cancer treatment are summarized and prospected.
Realizing Superior Luminescence in Oxyfluoride Glass‐Ceramics by Enhancing Nano‐Micro Phase Separation
Authors: Li Zhencai , Li Junhao , Chen Chunying , Li Sai , Hu Jie , Christensen Johan F. S. , Zhou Dacheng , Jensen Lars R. , Ni Jiachuan , Qiao Xvsheng , Du Jincheng , Smedskjaer Morten M. , Shinozaki Kenji , Zhang Yanfei , Qiu Jianbei , Ren Jinjun , Yue Yuanzheng
Published: November 2023

In this work, a novel series of oxyfluoride glasses‐ceramics (GCs) is developed by enhancing the phase separation through the substitution of LaF3 for La2O3. The thus‐derived GCs exhibit a remarkable 2700‐fold increase in up‐conversion (UC) luminescence of Er3+ ions compared to the precursor glass. From the 19F Nuclear Magnetic Resonance analysis, this enhancement is attributed to the structural disorder‐to‐order transition in the fluoride‐rich phase. Upon isothermal heat treatment, the translucent GCs transform into transparent ones, making UC luminescence even stronger. The enhanced UC luminescence leads to strong temperature‐sensing ability of the studied glasses. The nano‐micro phase separation is clarified by atomistic simulations and scanning electron microscopy. This study implies that phase separation engineering is a powerful way to achieve superior photonic performances.
Serum Metabolic Fingerprints Characterize Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Li Shunxiang , Ding Huihua , Qi Ziheng , Yang Jing , Huang Jingyi , Huang Lin , Zhang Mengji , Tang Yuanjia , Shen Nan , Qian Kun , Guo Qiang , Wan Jingjing
Published: November 2023

Metabolic fingerprints in serum characterize diverse diseases for diagnostics and biomarker discovery. The identification of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by serum metabolic fingerprints (SMFs) will facilitate precision medicine in SLE in an early and designed manner. Here, a discovery cohort of 731 individuals including 357 SLE patients and 374 healthy controls (HCs), and a validation cohort of 184 individuals (SLE/HC, 91/93) are constructed. Each SMF is directly recorded by nano‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI MS) within 1 minute using 1 µL of native serum, which contains 908 mass to charge features. Sparse learning of SMFs achieves the SLE identification with sensitivity/specificity and area‐under‐the‐curve (AUC) up to 86.0%/92.0% and 0.950 for the discovery cohort. For the independent validation cohort, it exhibits no performance loss by affording the sensitivity/specificity and AUC of 89.0%/100.0% and 0.992. Notably, a metabolic biomarker panel is screened out from the SMFs, demonstrating the unique metabolic pattern of SLE patients different from both HCs and rheumatoid arthritis patients. In conclusion, SMFs characterize SLE by revealing its unique metabolic pattern. Different regulation of small molecule metabolites contributes to the precise diagnosis of autoimmune disease and further exploration of the pathogenic mechanisms.
The Interplay Between Ferroelectricity and Electrochemical Reactivity on the Surface of Binary Ferroelectric AlxB1‐xN
Authors: Liu Yongtao , Ievlev Anton , Casamento Joseph , Hayden John , Trolier‐McKinstry Susan , Maria Jon‐Paul , Kalinin Sergei V. , Kelley Kyle P.
Published: November 2023

Polarization dynamics and domain structure evolution in ferroelectric Al0.93B0.07N are studied using piezoresponse force microscopy and spectroscopies in ambient and controlled atmosphere environments. The application of negative unipolar and bipolar first‐order reverse curve (FORC) waveforms leads to a protrusion‐like feature on the Al0.93B0.07N surface and a reduction of electromechanical response due to electrochemical reactivity. A surface change is also observed on the application of fast alternating current bias. At the same time, the application of positive biases does not lead to surface changes. Comparatively in a controlled glove box atmosphere, stable polarization patterns can be observed, with minuscule changes in surface morphology. This surface morphology change is not isolated to applying biases to free surface, a similar topographical change is also observed at the electrode edges when cycling a capacitor in an ambient environment. The study suggests that surface electrochemical reactivity may have a significant impact on the functionality of this material in the ambient environment. However, even in the controlled atmosphere, the participation of the surface ions in polarization switching phenomena and ionic compensation is possible.
Built‐In Electric Fields and Interfacial Electron Modulation: Enhancement of Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Seawater
Authors: Mao Huimin , Liu Xiaobin , Wu Siqi , Sun Guiru , Zhou Guizhong , Chi Jingqi , Wang Lei
Published: November 2023

The development of an electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in a seawater electrolyte is the key to realizing the utilization of marine resources and application of Zn–air batteries (ZABs). Exploring the adsorption and desorption behavior of oxygen can guide the design of catalysts fundamentally and improve the catalytic performance. On this basis, WC and Co on nitrogen‐doped carbon (WC‐Co@NC) with an interfacial built‐in electric field (BEF) is designed as an ORR catalyst. The theoretical calculation certifies that the BEF of W─C─Co connections promote charge separation and directional migration, thus realizing the oxygen adsorption equilibrium and speeding up the process of ORR. These give WC‐Co@NC a high half‐wave potential of 0.872 V, and the alkaline seawater‐based ZAB with WC‐Co@NC as the air cathode has a peak power density of 188.8 mW cm−2 and excellent stability. This work can provide a basis for the rational design of the cathode of alkaline seawater‐based ZAB, and can also give a new direction for the utilization of seawater resources.
Highly Stable Vertically Oriented 2H‐NbS2 Nanosheets on Carbon Nanotube Films toward Superior Electrocatalytic Activity
Authors: Peng You , Zhu Lijie , Li Chenyu , Hu Jingyi , Lu Yue , Fu Jiatian , Cui Fangfang , Wang Xiangzhuo , Cao Anyuan , Ji Qingqing , Huan Yahuan , Zhang Yanfeng
Published: November 2023

2D metallic transition‐metal dichalcogenides (MTMDCs) have attracted widespread research interest in the exploration of fundamental physical issues and energy‐related fields. Although relatively high catalytic activity has been predicted theoretically in the new type MTMDCs‐based electrocatalysts, their hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance is severely hampered by the insufficient catalytic stability due to structural degradation during long‐time use and limited active sites in planar electrode structures. Herein, the scalable synthesis of vertically‐oriented 2H‐NbS2 nanosheets is reported on low‐cost carbon nanotube (CNT) film substrates by a facile chemical vapor deposition route. The 3D vertically‐oriented 2H‐NbS2 nanosheets present abundant edge active sites and strong interface coupling with CNT thus possessing exceptional mechanical stability. These features impart the 3D nanosheets catalysts with remarkably low overpotentials of ≈55 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and ultra‐high exchange current density of ≈1445 µA cm−2, and negligible performance degradation after 200 h operation at the large current density, which are superior to those of other TMDCs‐based catalysts. This work hereby provides novel perspectives for the batch synthesis and application of 3D MTMDCs‐based electrocatalysts with greatly improved electrocatalytic performance and stability that are needed for practical applications.
Thin, Highly Ionic Conductive, and Mechanically Robust Frame‐Based Solid Electrolyte Membrane for All‐Solid‐State Li Batteries
Authors: Kim Dohwan , Lee Hyobin , Roh Youngjoon , Lee Jongjun , Song Jihun , Dzakpasu Cyril Bubu , Kang Seok Hun , Choi Jaecheol , Kim Dong Hyeon , Hah Hoe Jin , Cho Kuk Young , Lee Young‐Gi , Lee Yong Min
Published: November 2023

A thin but robust solid electrolyte layer is crucial for realizing the theoretical energy density of all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) beyond state‐of‐the‐art Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). This study proposes a simple but practical strategy for fabricating thin solid electrolyte membranes using 5‐µm perforated polyethylene separators with 35% open areas as the supporting component, which ensures mechanical robustness for commercial‐level cell assembly. The thickness of this frame‐based solid electrolyte (f‐SE) membrane can be reduced to ≈45 µm, even after coating the Li6PS5Cl (LPSCl) solid electrolyte composite. Despite a slightly lower ionic conductivity compared to that of thick LPSCl pellets, the f‐SE membranes show high conductance and low overpotential in Li||Li symmetric cells. Their incorporation into LiNi0.7Co0.15Mn0.15O2 full cells increases the reversible capacity and rate capability compared to those of cells with conventional LPSCl pellets. The f‐SE membrane cells exhibit excellent cycling stability over 250 cycles, while maintaining high‐capacity retention and Coulombic efficiency. Notably, the f‐SE membranes significantly increase the energy density of ASSBs (314 Wh kg−1), exceeding the values reported for sulfide‐based cells. These results highlight the crucial role of f‐SE membranes in improving the mechanical properties and energy density of ASSBs, thereby contributing to the development of next‐generation Li battery technologies.
Hydrodynamics and model of gas‐liquid flow in microbubble column reactors
Authors: Xie Bingqi , Liu Wei , Jiang Yifan , Chen Junxin , Zhou Caijin , Zhang Jisong
Published: November 2023

Microbubble column reactors (MBCRs) have the significant advantages of high gas holdup, large gas‐liquid interfacial area, and excellent mass transfer performance, making them attractive for applications such as hydrogenation and oxidation. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding of the gas‐liquid flow behavior in MBCRs. In this work, the effects of gas and liquid superficial velocities on flow regimes, residence time distribution, and gas holdup are investigated. The gas holdup increases linearly with the increase of gas superficial velocity, even in heterogeneous regimes, ranging from 0% to 60% at gas superficial velocities of 0–25 mm/s. Additionally, the gas‐liquid interfacial areas in MBCRs are 1–2 orders of magnitude larger than those in traditional bubble column reactors. A prediction model for gas holdup is established, and the predicted values are in good agreement with the experimental values.
Multitask Learning for Automated Sleep Staging and Wearable Technology Integration
Authors: Chih Hao-Yi , Ahmed Tanveer , Chiu Amy P. , Liu Yu-Ting , Kuo Hsin-Fu , Yang Albert C. , Lien Der-Hsien
Published: November 2023

Scoring sleep stages is an essential procedure for the diagnosis of sleeping disorders. Conventional sleep staging is a laborious and costly procedure requiring multimodal biological signals and an expert for the assessment. There has always been a demand for approaches which can exempt the need to going through diagnostic procedures under specialized facilities and enable automated sleep staging. Herein, a high‐performance multitask learning model enabling high‐accuracy sleep staging using heart rate data is reported. The proposed algorithm exhibits superior performance with reduced computational resource in comparison with the competing machine and deep learning algorithms when trained and evaluated using electrocardiography and photoplethysmogram (PPG) data. The reported model consumes ≈7.5 times less training parameters and ≈75% less amount of input data than the previously reported models and yields better or comparable performance (mean per night accuracy of 77.5% and Cohen's kappa of 0.643). To demonstrate its potential for wearable electronics, the reported algorithm is implemented in a fully integrated watch. The reported integrated watch is a stand‐alone fully functional platform, which automatedly captures PPG data from the subject's wrist, predicts sleep stages, and displays the result on a screen as well as an associated smartphone application.
Heteroplasmic pathogenic m.12315G>A variant in MT‐TL2 presenting with MELAS syndrome and depletion of nitric oxide donors
Authors: Snyder Matthew T. , Manor Joshua , Gijavanekar Charul , Mizerik Elizabeth , Kralik Stephen F. , Elsea Sarah H. , Machol Keren , Emrick Lisa , Scaglia Fernando
Published: November 2023

The MT‐TL2 m.12315G>A pathogenic variant has previously been reported in five individuals with mild clinical phenotypes. Herein we report the case of a 5‐year‐old child with heteroplasmy for this variant who developed neurological regression and stroke‐like episodes similar to those observed in mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke‐like episodes (MELAS). Biochemical evaluation revealed depletion of arginine on plasma amino acid analysis and low z‐scores for citrulline on untargeted plasma metabolomics analysis. These findings suggested that decreased availability of nitric oxide may have contributed to the stroke‐like episodes. The use of intravenous arginine during stroke‐like episodes and daily enteral L‐citrulline supplementation normalized her biochemical values of arginine and citrulline. Untargeted plasma metabolomics showed the absence of nicotinamide and 1‐methylnicotinamide, and plasma total glutathione levels were low; thus, nicotinamide riboside and N‐acetylcysteine therapies were initiated. This report expands the phenotype associated with the rare mitochondrial variant MT‐TL2 m.12315G>A to include neurological regression and a MELAS‐like phenotype. Individuals with this variant should undergo in‐depth biochemical analysis to include untargeted plasma metabolomics, plasma amino acids, and glutathione levels to help guide a targeted approach to treatment.
Rapid Charge Transfer Enabled by Noncovalent Interaction through Guest Insertion in Supercapacitors based on Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Jiang Qiao‐Qiao , Wang Xun , Wu Qiong , Li Ya‐Jie , Luo Qiu‐Xia , Mao Xiang‐Lan , Cai Yuan‐Jun , Liu Xin , Liang Ru‐Ping , Qiu Jian‐Ding
Published: November 2023

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been proposed for electrochemical energy storage, although the poor conductivity resulted from covalent bonds limits their practical performance. Here, we propose to introduce noncovalent bonds in COFs through a molecular insertion strategy for improving the conductivity of the COFs as supercapacitor. The synthesized COFs (MI−COFs) establish equilibriums between covalent bonds and noncovalent bonds, which construct a continuous charge transfer channel to enhance the conductivity. The rapid charge transfer rate enables the COFs to activate the redox sites, bringing about excellent electrochemical energy storage behavior. The results show that the MI−COFs exhibit much better performance in specific capacitance and capacity retention rate than those of most COFs‐based supercapacitors. Moreover, through simply altering inserted guests, the mode and strength of noncovalent bond can be adjusted to obtain different energy storage characteristics. The introduction of noncovalent bonds is an effective and flexible way to enhance and regulate the properties of COFs, providing a valuable direction for the development of novel COFs‐based energy storage materials.
Potential Dominates Structural Recombination of Single Atom Mn Sites for Promoting Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Tong Miaomiao , Sun Fanfei , Xing Gengyu , Tian Chungui , Wang Lei , Fu Honggang
Published: November 2023

Single atom sites (SAS) often undergo structural recombination in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), while the effect of valence state and reconstruction on active centers needs to be investigated thoroughly. Herein, the Mn‐SAS catalyst with uniform and precise Mn‐N4 configuration is rationally designed. We utilize operando synchrotron radiation to track the dynamic evolution of active centers during ORR. Under the applied potential, the structural evolution of Mn‐N4 into Mn‐N3C and further into Mn‐N2C2 configurations is clarified. Simultaneously, the valence states of Mn are increased from +3.0 to +3.8 and then decreased to +3.2. When the potential is removed, the catalyst returned to its initial Mn+3.0‐N4 configuration. Such successive evolutions optimize the electronic and geometric structures of active centers as evidenced by theory calculations. The evolved Mn+3.8‐N3C and Mn+3.2‐N2C2 configurations respectively adjust the O2 adsorption and reduce the energy barrier of rate‐determining step. Thus, it can achieve an onset potential of 0.99 V, superior stability over 10,000 cycles, and a high turnover frequency of 1.59 s−1 at 0.85 VRHE. Our present work provides new insights into the construction of well‐defined SAS catalysts by regulating the valence states and configurations of active centers.
Improving the whey protein foam structures by using novel acetylated triglycerides: A response surface methodology (RSM) approach
Authors: Kaya Eda Ceren , Johnson Dallas , Tamura Pamela , Durrett Timothy P. , Yucel Umut
Published: November 2023

Protein foams are common to foods, such as meringue, whipped cream and mousses. Stability is a challenging issue determined by fat and sugar content. We hypothesize that acetyl‐triacylglycerols (acetyl‐TAG) that possess sn‐3 acetate group with high oleic content can provide stability to the foam at reduced sugar concentrations by increasing the surface viscosity and minimizing serum drainage. A fractional factorial Box‐Wilson design was used to investigate the effects of whey protein concentration (WPI) (2–10 wt%), sucrose concentration (SC) (10–30 wt%) and acetyl‐TAG concentration (ATC) (0–1 wt%) on overrun (FO), stability against serum drainage (FD) and surface dilatational rheology. Each response was analyzed by linear regression model fitting and a backward elimination algorithm for significance (α = 0.01). FO was significantly affected (p < 0.01) by WPI and ATC, but not sucrose concentration. The optimum overrun (nearly 700%) was obtained at 9 wt% WPI and 0.6 wt% ATC. Drainage and viscoelastic properties were significantly (p < 0.01) affected by all process variables. Dynamic complex modulus (|E|) as measured using an optical tensiometer was around 30–40 mN/m when acetyl‐TAG was higher than 0.5 wt%. Our findings indicated that the acetyl‐TAG can be used to enhance the stability of protein foams in reduced sugar food products, however, not at high sugar concentrations (30 wt%).
Effect of different modified lignins on the properties of xylan composite hydrogels
Authors: Dou Yun , Wang Xiaohui , Liu Zhongming , Kong Fangong , Wang Shoujuan
Published: November 2023

To improve the mechanical properties of hemicellulose hydrogel, a green, adjustable mechanical property, high swelling ratio (SR) composite hydrogel was successfully prepared by using modified lignin as a reinforcing agent. The structure and characteristics of the composite hydrogels were investigated by TGA, FTIR, SEM, rheological analysis, and SR. It can be found that the modified lignin could significantly improve the mechanical properties of the composite hydrogels. The maximum compressive stress of unmodified lignin hydrogel was 61.72 kPa and the compressive deformation was 75%. Compared with the unmodified lignin hydrogel, the mechanical properties were significantly improved, with the maximum compressive stress of the modified lignin hydrogel was 145.2 kPa and the compressive deformation was up to 90%. After adding modified lignin, the SR of the as‐prepared hydrogel was up to 155.17 g/g, which was much higher than that of unmodified lignin hydrogel (105.79 g/g). The composite hydrogel had good antioxidant properties, and the free radical removal rate can reach 85.3%, which is twice as much as that without the modified lignin. With cost‐effective lignin as a reinforcing agent, the as‐prepared hemicellulose hydrogel with adjustable mechanical properties is favorable for great application potential.
Local stabilization of the Burgers–Fisher equation via boundary control
Authors: Zhao Hengzhi , Zhang Jiwei , Lu Jing
Published: November 2023

Locally exponential stabilization for the Burgers–Fisher system is addressed by boundary control in this paper. For the nonlinear partial differential equation, a linear boundary feedback control law is applied to control the Burgers–Fisher system. Locally exponential stabilization of the closed loop system is established based on the relationship between operator theories and relations of different norms. Finally, the theory is validated through numerical simulations.
Building resilience for an uncertain drinking water future
Authors: Huang Jingyan , Bixler Taler , Mo Weiwei
Published: November 2023

Enhancing drinking water resilience has become increasingly important. However, a comprehensive analysis of drinking water emergency countermeasures is lacking. This study evaluated eight countermeasures including monitoring, local alternatives, reclaimed water, interconnection, bulk water, pre‐packaged water, emergency treatment, and isolation valves from resilience and sustainability (i.e., life cycle cost) perspectives. While countermeasures such as interconnections perform relatively well from both perspectives, there is a clear trade‐off between resilience and cost. Local alternatives and emergency treatment respond quickly and provide sustained supply during emergencies but may incur higher costs. Bulk water and pre‐packaged water are typically inexpensive but have limited supply capacity and take time to distribute. As future threats are likely to become more frequent and prolonged, it is prudent for service providers to invest in countermeasures that perform well in both resilience and cost and use an integrated approach that combines high capital projects with bulk/pre‐packaged water contracts.