bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lewy Body Disease is a Contributor to Logopenic Progressive Aphasia Phenotype
Authors: Buciuc Marina , Whitwell Jennifer L. , Kasanuki Koji , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Machulda Mary M. , Duffy Joseph R. , Strand Edythe A. , Lowe Val J. , Graff‐Radford Neill R. , Rush Beth K. , Franczak Malgorzata B. , Flanagan Margaret E. , Baker Matthew C. , Rademakers Rosa , Ross Owen A. , Ghetti Bernardino F. , Parisi Joseph E. , Raghunathan Aditya , Reichard R. Ross , Bigio Eileen H. , Dickson Dennis W. , Josephs Keith A.
Published: December 2020

Objective

The objective of this study was to describe clinical features, [18F]‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)‐positron emission tomography (PET) metabolism and digital pathology in patients with logopenic progressive aphasia (LPA) and pathologic diagnosis of diffuse Lewy body disease (DLBD) and compare to patients with LPA with other pathologies, as well as patients with classical features of probable dementia with Lewy bodies (pDLB).

Methods

This is a clinicopathologic case‐control study of 45 patients, including 20 prospectively recruited patients with LPA among whom 6 were diagnosed with LPA‐DLBD. We analyzed clinical features and compared FDG‐PET metabolism in LPA‐DLBD to an independent group of patients with clinical pDLB and regional α‐synuclein burden on digital pathology to a second independent group of autopsied patients with DLBD pathology and antemortem pDLB (DLB‐DLBD).

Results

All patients with LPA‐DLBD were men. Neurological, speech, and neuropsychological characteristics were similar across LPA‐DLBD, LPA‐Alzheimer's disease (LPA‐AD), and LPA‐frontotemporal lobar degeneration (LPA‐FTLD). Genetic screening of AD, DLBD, and FTLD linked genes were negative with the exception of APOE ε4 allele present in 83% of LPA‐DLBD patients. Seventy‐five percent of the patients with LPA‐DLBD showed a parietal‐dominant pattern of hy pometabolism; LPA‐FTLD – temporal‐dominant pattern, whereas LPA‐AD showed heterogeneous patterns of hypometabolism. LPA‐DLBD had more asymmetrical hypometabolism affecting frontal lobes, with relatively spared occipital lobe in the nondominantly affected hemisphere, compared to pDLB. LPA‐DLBD had minimal atrophy on gross brain examination, higher cortical Lewy body counts, and higher α‐synuclein burden in the middle frontal and inferior parietal cortices compared to DLB‐DLBD.

Interpretation

Whereas AD is the most frequent underlying pathology of LPA, DLBD can also be present and may contribute to the LPA phenotype possibly due to α‐synuclein‐associated functional impairment of the dominant parietal lobe. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:520–533
A stable and sensitive luminescent photoprobe based on tris(3‐acetylindole) terbium(III) complex: Molecular modeling, luminescence quenching, and Ab initio molecular dynamics
Authors: Elsaady Mostafa Mohamed , Youssef Ahmed Osman , Attia Mohamed Said , Abdel‐Mottaleb Mohamed Sabry A.
Published: December 2020

We have been successfully used a new photoprobe based on Tb(III)(3‐acetyleindole)3 complex (TbAcI) as a novel, sensitive, accurate, and precise sensor for detecting shallow concentration (pico) of epinephrine (EPI) in different serum samples. Here, we report on and discuss the molecular structure of the interacting species using density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT). The simulation results reveal the strong binding energy of TbAcI (−148.95 kcal/mol) and explain the outcomes of Stern‐Volmer bimolecular quenching analysis due to EPI's presence in the proximity (at 3.22 Å apart from Tb ion) of the emissive TbAcI. The bimolecular quenching rate constant (k2) obtained from the Stern‐Volmer rate constant (Ksv) and the complex luminescence lifetime points to a diffusion‐controlled dynamic quenching. We used the Ab initio molecular dynamic (AIMD) simulations to explain EPI's effect on the TbAcI molecular kinetic energy changes in its S1 state. Quenching begins at 14 fs when the EPI‐TbAcI distance is about 3.22 Å. The excited state AIMD simulations proposes a new opportunity for future research on luminescence quenching.
Modeling swine population dynamics at a finer temporal resolution
Authors: Sartore Luca , Wei Yijun , Abayomi Emilola , Riggins Seth , Corral Gavin , Bejleri Valbona , Spiegelman Clifford
Published: December 2020

The United States Department of Agriculture's National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) uses probability surveys of hog owners to estimate quarterly hog inventories in the United States at the national and state levels. NASS also receives data from external sources. A panel of commodity experts forms the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB establishes the NASS official estimates for each quarter by taking into account survey estimates and other relevant sources of information that are available in numerical and non‐numerical form. The aim of this article is to propose an estimation method of hog inventories by combining the NASS proprietary survey results, the hog transaction data, the past ASB panel expert analyses, biological dynamics, and the inter‐inventory relationship constraints. This approach downscales the official estimates to provide monthly estimates according to well‐defined biological growth patterns. The model developed in this study provides national estimates that may inform the quarterly reports.
Integrated representation of building service systems: topology extraction and TUBES ontology
Authors: Pauen Nicolas , Schlütter Dominik , Siwiecki Jaroslaw , Frisch Jérôme , van Treeck Christoph
Published: December 2020

Integrale TGA‐Beschreibung: Topologie‐Extraktion und TUBES‐Ontologie.

In diesem Beitrag werden die aktuellen Ergebnisse des Forschungsprojekts Energie.Digital vorgestellt. Ziel des Projekts ist eine integrale digitale Beschreibung der technischen Gebäudeausstattung. Dies umfasst Informationen zu den physikalischen und funktionalen Verknüpfungen, den technischen Eigenschaften der Komponenten sowie zu Betriebsmodi und Ablaufdiagrammen. Diese Informationen müssen maschinenlesbar und über einen Anlagenkennzeichenschlüssel verlinkbar sein.

Im Folgenden wird zum einen die Extraktion und Vereinfachung der topologischen Beschreibung der Systeme der technischen Gebäudeausrüstung aus einem IFC‐Modell, anderseits die Entwicklung einer Ontologie beschrieben. Diese basiert auf den Prinzipien des Semantic Web und integriert sich in die Umgebung innerhalb der Linked Building Data Community Group des W3C.
Computational Screening of the Physical Properties of Water‐in‐Salt Electrolytes**
Authors: Mendez‐Morales Trinidad , Li Zhujie , Salanne Mathieu
Published: December 2020

Water‐in‐salts form a new family of electrolytes with properties distinct from the ones of conventional aqueous systems and ionic liquids. They are currently investigated for Li‐ion batteries and supercapacitors applications, but to date most of the focus was put on the system based on the LiTFSI salt. Here we study the structure and the dynamics of a series of water‐in‐salts with different anions. They have a similar parent structure but they vary systematically through their symmetric/asymmetric feature and the length of the fluorocarbonated chains. The simulations allow to determine their tendency to nanosegregate, as well as their transport properties (viscosity, ionic conductivity, diffusion coefficients) and the amount of free water, providing useful data for potential applications in energy storage devices.
Streptozotocin‐Induced Oxidative Stress in Rats: The Protective Role of Olive Leaf Extract
Authors: Ağgül Ahmet Gökhan , Gür Fatma , Gülaboğlu Mine
Published: December 2020

This paper investigates the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of olive leaf extract (OLE) prepared in ethanol upon Streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats. The rats were divided into five groups (control, OLE, 40 mg/kg STZ, 0.25 g/kg OLE + STZ, and 0.5 g/kg OLE + STZ). The blood of rats was taken for determination of glucose levels besides oxidative activities (superoxide dismutase‐SOD, glutathione peroxidase‐GPx, glutathione‐S transferase‐GST activities, and malondialdehyde‐MDA) and biochemical parameters (alanine transaminase‐ALT, aspartate transaminase‐AST, and alkaline phosphatase‐ALP). While ALP, AST, ALT, and MDA levels showed an increase, SOD, GPx, and GST levels decreased in Group STZ compared to Control Group. When compared to the group given only STZ, OLE played a significant role in decreasing MDA, ALT, AST, and ALP levels, apart from increasing GPx, and GST following treatment of diabetic rats. As a result, the in vivo data obtained have shown that the OLE has an antidiabetic effect thanks to restricting oxidative stress and reinforcing antioxidant activities.
A case report of confusing meningoencephalocele
Authors: Perrotta Marika , Gasparroni Giorgia , Chiavaroli Valentina , Massimi Luca , Cognigni Rita , Sabatini Laura , Topazio Teresa , Carinci Silvia , Sebastiani Marianna , Mohn Angelika , Di Valerio Susanna
Published: December 2020

The clinical approach plays a pivotal role in neonates with evidence of a skull mass, together with the need of monitoring unclear cases. Indeed, apparently transient alterations of the skull may be neural tube defects, which need prompt treatment.
Successful mycophenolate mofetil treatment of a patient with severe steroid‐refractory hepatitis evoked by nivolumab plus ipilimumab treatment for relapsed bladder cancer
Authors: Omori Ginji , Takada Kohichi , Murase Kazuyuki , Hayasaka Naotaka , Nakamura Hajime , Iyama Satoshi , Ohnuma Hiroyuki , Miyanishi Koji , Fukuta Fumimasa , Tanaka Toshiaki , Masumori Naoya , Kato Junji
Published: December 2020

Mycophenolate mofetil resulted in rapid improvement of steroid‐refractory immune‐related adverse event hepatitis, induced by nivolumab plus ipilimumab.
Efficient and robust state estimation: Application to a copolymerization process
Authors: Tupaz Jhovany , Asteasuain Mariano , Sánchez Mabel
Published: December 2020

Polymerization processes are highly non‐linear systems that require strict control of their dynamic operation to be competitive. The unscented Kalman filter is a filtering strategy that has shown a rewarding performance for non‐linear state estimation. Besides, filters based on robust statistics have been proposed to deal with the presence of outliers. However, reported robust filters have employed only the Huber M‐estimator as the loss function of the estimation problem. This work presents a new state‐estimation procedure based on the unscented transformation and robust statistics concepts. When outliers are present, estimates are more accurate than when using the conventional filter. In contrast to previous research, our methodology is also efficient when there are no outliers. The performances of different loss functions for solving the estimation problem are presented. The results show that redescending M‐estimators outperform the Huber function. The behaviour of the technique is analyzed for a copolymerization process.
Inhibitors Targeting STAT5 Signaling in Myeloid Leukemias: New Tetrahydroquinoline Derivatives with Improved Antileukemic Potential
Authors: Polomski Marion , Brachet‐Botineau Marie , Juen Ludovic , Viaud‐Massuard Marie‐Claude , Gouilleux Fabrice , Prié Gildas
Published: December 2020

Signal transducers and activators of transcription 5A and 5B (STAT5A and STAT5B) are two closely related STAT family members that are crucial downstream effectors of tyrosine kinase oncoproteins such as FLT3‐ITD in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and BCR‐ABL in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). We recently developed and reported the synthesis of a first molecule called 17 f that selectively inhibits STAT5 signaling in myeloid leukemia cells and overcomes their resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. To improve the antileukemic effect of 17 f, we synthesized ten analogs of this molecule and analyzed their impact on cell growth, survival, chemoresistance and STAT5 signaling. Two compounds, 7 a and 7 a’, were identified as having similar or higher antileukemic effects in various AML and CML cell lines. Both molecules were found to be more effective than 17 f at inhibiting STAT5 activity/expression and suppressing the chemoresistance of CML.
Potassium Ion Fluorescence Probes: Structures, Properties and Bioimaging
Authors: Sambath Karthik , Liu Xiangshan , Wan Zhaoxiong , Hutnik Lauren , Belfield Kevin D. , Zhang Yuanwei
Published: December 2020

As one of the most important minerals in the body, potassium is vital for the heart and neurons. Methods that can non‐invasively and accurately monitor changes in potassium balances would benefit disease diagnoses as well as offer insight into pathologies. Among the sensing approaches, fluorescent probes serve as a unique detection method for its simplicity, tunable detection range, and bioimaging ability. The design of new probes with highly selective K+ receptors and transduction functionality remains a challenge that is motivated by numerous sensing and detection applications. In this minireview, fluoroionophores are summarized that undergo transduction, producing fluorescence signals when interacting with, e. g., potassium ions. The properties of ionophores (afford selective interaction with potassium) and fluorophores (generate signal read‐out) are discussed. Molecular structure design and sensing mechanisms are included along with cell imaging applications. The selectivity towards K+ and the absorption/emission characteristics of the probes are of particular interest.
In the Search for Photocages Cleavable with Visible Light: An Overview of Recent Advances and Chemical Strategies
Authors: Josa‐Culleré Laia , Llebaria Amadeu
Published: December 2020

Photopharmacological tools enable the precise spatiotemporal control of small molecule drugs. Amongst them, caged compounds incorporate a photolabile moiety which is released under illumination, thus liberating the active molecule. Caging groups have long been known and many chemical scaffolds have already been used in different applications. However, most of the initial examples are cleaved with UV light, which suffers from low tissue permeability and cell damage. Recently, caging groups that are released under visible light have been reported, which expand their utility. In this review, we outline the chemical strategies that have been used to increase the absorption wavelengths; we compare their photophysical properties, discuss their synthetic accessibility, and exemplify some of their biological applications.
Discovery, Crystal Growth, and Scintillation Properties of Novel Tl‐Based Scintillators
Authors: Kim HongJoo , Rooh Gul , Khan Arshad , Vuong Phan Quoc , Kim Sunghwan
Published: December 2020

Pioneered by our group, thallium (Tl)‐based inorganic halide single‐crystals are potential new scintillators. Most of these scintillators exhibit excellent scintillation performance, including peak emission between 370 and 450 nm, good energy resolutions, high light yield (more than 50 000 ph MeV‐1) and fast decay‐time (less than 40 ns). In addition, these scintillators demonstrate good pulse shape discrimination capability. The grown pure crystals show strong luminescence and high light yields due to the presence of Tl ion in the host lattice. Thanks to the high Z‐number and density of the Tl, the grown scintillators have high density (ρ > 4 g cm−3) and high effective Z‐number (Zeff ≥ 60). Being hygroscopic, like other halide scintillators, these single crystals are grown by the Bridgman technique. It is expected that the discovered scintillators will perform better than most commercial scintillators used in different applications. Significant improvement in the scintillation properties are achieved with the modification of the crystal growth procedure of the grown scintillators. Preliminary results revealed that these scintillators are very promising from an application point of view, while further investigations are underway for the enhancement of the present scintillators as well as for the discovery of new compounds of this family.
Growth and Stress Analysis of Spontaneous Nucleation c‐Plane Bulk AlN Crystals by a PVT Method
Authors: Wang Guodong , Zhang Lei , Wang Yong , Shao Yongliang , Chen Chengmin , Liu Guangxia , Yao Xiaogang , Wu Yongzhong , Hao Xiaopeng
Published: December 2020

AlN is a kind of promising semiconductor material for high‐efficiency optoelectronic devices and high‐power high‐frequency electronic devices. In this work, high‐quality c‐plane AlN single crystal with low‐stress is grown on tungsten (W) substrate using a spontaneous nucleation physical vapor transport (PVT) method. Temperature field simulation and theoretical analysis provide a theoretical guide for the AlN crystals growth experiment. The hexagonal appearance c‐plane AlN crystal is obtained with a size up to 3 mm × 3 mm. A large radial temperature gradient and suitable supersaturation lead to a low nucleation density and the growth of AlN crystal with large size, which can be used to regulate nucleation density and size of AlN crystals on W substrate. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) results confirm that the crystal is grown along the c‐axis direction with hexagonal wurtzite structure and high crystalline quality. The Raman micro‐mapping results indicate that the grown AlN crystal has small tensile stress, close to free‐stress, and the biaxial stress decreases from interface to surface along with the increasing of crystal thickness. This work will greatly contribute to the research of AlN crystal growth on W substrate.
Application of new international classification of adult‐onset diabetes in Chinese inpatients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wang Weihao , Pei Xiaobei , Zhang Lina , Chen Zhi , Lin Dong , Duan Xiaoye , Fan Jingwen , Pan Qi , Guo Lixin
Published: December 2020

Background

To determine whether the new international cluster‐based classification method can be applied to Chinese inpatients with diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods

Adult patients with DM hospitalized in our tertiary care centre from January 2017 to December 2018 were included in the study. K‐means cluster analysis was done in clusters based on glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies, body mass index, glycosylated haemoglobin, homeostasis model‐assessed beta cell function, insulin resistance index, and age at diagnosis of DM. Chi‐square test was used to analyse inter‐subgroup differences in DM‐related complications and family history of DM. p < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

A total of 1152 inpatients with DM were included in the study. Five subgroups were obtained by cluster analysis with highest proportion of population in mild obesity‐related DM subgroup (34.55%), followed by mild age‐related DM (21.55%), severe insulin deficiency DM (20.51%), severe insulin resistance DM (19.02%), and severe autoimmune DM subgroup (4.36%). The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy, diabetic peripheral vascular disease, diabetic ketosis, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and family history of DM differed significantly among the subgroups (p < 0.05 for all).

Conclusions

This cluster‐based classification could be applied to hospitalized adult patients with DM in China. It might help in strategizing for DM patients, and hence, improve management of DM in these patients.
Role of PTHrP nuclear localization and carboxyl terminus sequences in postnatal spinal cord development
Authors: Liu Yahong , Wang Qiangcheng , Wang Qun , Cui Min , Jin Yaoyao , Wang Rong , Mao Zhiyuan , Miao Dengshun , Karaplis Andrew C. , Zhang Yi Ping , Shields Lisa B. E. , Shields Christopher B. , Zhang Yongjie
Published: December 2020

Parathyroid hormone‐related peptide (PTHrP) acts under physiological conditions to regulate normal development of several tissues and organs. The role of PTHrP in spinal cord development has not been characterized. Pthrp knock in (Pthrp KI) mice were genetically modified to produce PTHrP in which there is a deficiency of the nuclear localization sequence (NLS) and C‐terminus. Using this genetically modified mouse model, we have characterized its effect on spinal cord development early postnatally. The spinal cords from Pthrp KI mice displayed a significant reduction in its length, weight, and cross‐sectional area compared to wild‐type controls. Histologically, there was a decreased development of neurons and glial cells that caused decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. The neural stem cells (NSCs) cultures also revealed decreased cell proliferation and differentiation and increased apoptosis. The proposed mechanism of delayed spinal cord development in Pthrp KI mice may be due to alteration in associated pathways in regulation of cell‐division cycles and apoptosis. There was significant downregulation of Bmi‐1 and upregulation of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors p27, p21, and p16 in Pthrp KI animals. We conclude that NLS and C‐terminus peptide segments of PTHrP play an important role in inhibiting cell apoptosis and stimulation of cellular proliferation necessary for normal spinal cord development.
Evaluating long‐term success in grassland restoration: an ecosystem multifunctionality approach
Authors: Resch Monika Carol , Schütz Martin , Buchmann Nina , Frey Beat , Graf Ulrich , van der Putten Wim H. , Zimmermann Stephan , Risch Anita C.
Published: December 2020

It is generally assumed that restoring biodiversity will enhance diversity and ecosystem functioning. However, to date, it has rarely been evaluated whether and how restoration efforts manage to rebuild biodiversity and multiple ecosystem functions (ecosystem multifunctionality) simultaneously. Here, we quantified how three restoration methods of increasing intervention intensity (harvest only < topsoil removal < topsoil removal + propagule addition) affected grassland ecosystem multifunctionality 22 yr after the restoration event. We compared restored with intensively managed and targeted seminatural grasslands based on 13 biotic and abiotic, above‐ and belowground properties. We found that all three restoration methods improved ecosystem multifunctionality compared to intensively managed grasslands and developed toward the targeted seminatural grasslands. However, whereas higher levels of intervention intensity reached ecosystem multifunctionality of targeted seminatural grasslands after 22 yr, lower intervention missed this target. Moreover, we found that topsoil removal with and without seed addition accelerated the recovery of biotic and aboveground properties, and we found no negative long‐term effects on abiotic or belowground properties despite removing the top layer of the soil. We also evaluated which ecosystem properties were the best indicators for restoration success in terms of accuracy and cost efficiency. Overall, we demonstrated that low‐cost measures explained relatively more variation of ecosystem multifunctionality compared to high‐cost measures. Plant species richness was the most accurate individual property in describing ecosystem multifunctionality, as it accounted for 54% of ecosystem multifunctionality at only 4% of the costs of our comprehensive multifunctionality approach. Plant species richness is the property that typically is used in restoration monitoring by conservation agencies. Vegetation structure, soil carbon storage and water‐holding capacity together explained 70% of ecosystem multifunctionality at only twice the costs (8%) of plant species richness, which is, in our opinion, worth considering in future restoration monitoring projects. Hence, our findings provide a guideline for land managers how they could obtain an accurate estimate of aboveground‐belowground ecosystem multifunctionality and restoration success in a highly cost‐efficient way.
Dissonance‐based eating disorder prevention delivered in‐person after an online training: A randomized controlled trial for Brazilian men with body dissatisfaction
Authors: Almeida Maurício , Brown Tiffany A. , Campos Priscila Figueiredo , Amaral Ana Carolina Soares , de Carvalho Pedro Henrique Berbert
Published: December 2020

Objective

Few prevention programs have been developed and empirically evaluated to address eating disorder (ED) and muscle dysmorphia (MD) symptoms in men. Furthermore, new strategies for the broad implementation of available programs are needed. We investigated the acceptability and efficacy of a dissonance‐based (DB) intervention for Brazilian undergraduate men with body dissatisfaction to target risk and protective factors for ED and MD symptoms (the Body Project: More Than Muscles) after an online training for facilitators.

Method

Participants were randomized to a two‐session DB‐intervention (n = 89) or assessment‐only control (AOC) (n = 91), and completed validated measures assessing ED and MD risk and protective factors pre‐intervention, post‐intervention, and at 4‐ and 24‐week follow‐up post‐intervention.

Results

Acceptability ratings were highly favorable. Regarding efficacy, the DB condition demonstrated significantly greater decreases in ED and MD risk factors compared to AOC from pre‐intervention to 4‐week (p‐values <.05, between‐condition Cohen's d = 0.35–1.10) and 24‐week follow‐up (p‐values <.05, between‐condition Cohen's d = 0.33–0.78). Results at post‐intervention were not significant, with the exception that body appreciation showed significantly greater improvements in the DB condition (post‐intervention: p < .01, between‐condition Cohen's d = 0.40; 4‐week: p < .001, between‐condition Cohen's d = 0.80; and 24‐week follow‐up: p < .001, between‐condition Cohen's d = 0.58).

Discussion

Results support the acceptability and efficacy of a DB‐intervention delivered in‐person after an online training for facilitators up to 24‐week follow‐up in Brazilian men.
Unusual Effect of Support Carbonization on the Structure and Performance of Fe/Mgal2o4 Fischer–Tropsch Catalyst
Authors: Chernavskii Petr A. , Kazantsev Ruslan V. , Pankina Galina V. , Pankratov Denis A. , Maksimov Sergey V. , Eliseev Oleg L.
Published: December 2020

Carbonization of MgAl2O4 spinel via glucose treatment is applied for preparation of spinel‐supported iron Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) catalysts. The catalysts are characterized by low‐temperature adsorption of N2, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Mössbauer spectroscopy, in situ magnitometry, and are tested in high‐temperature FTS conditions. Surface carbonization leads to magnetite formation in the course of catalyst calcining, likely due to reductive function of surface carbon. In contrast, hematite is formed if iron precursor is deposited on pristine spinel. Support carbonization facilitates iron precursor reduction into carbide during catalyst activation step in synthesis gas flow and gives rise to highly dispersed iron nanopartilcles. Comparison of sequential and co‐impregnation approaches for support carbonization reveal that the first is preferable in terms of Hägg carbide formation during catalyst activation. Specific activity of the catalysts in high‐temperature FTS is approximately doubled due to the support carbonization. The carbonization also boosts C5+ selectivity and olefin percentage in the product hydrocarbons, while methane formation is suppressed. Adding potassium to catalyst formulation suppresses iron carbide oxidation and Fe3O4 formation, and promotes conversion of χ‐Fe5C2 into θ‐Fe7C3 in FTS conditions.
Impact of Numerical Methods in Thermal Modeling of Li‐Ion Batteries on Temperature Distribution and Computation Time
Authors: Veszelka Zoltan , Queisser Oliver , Gontscharow Martin , Wetzel Thomas , Dörfler Willy
Published: December 2020

Thermal battery modeling is important for further battery development and optimization. The temperature strongly influences the performance and aging behavior. In the cell stack, electrochemical processes take place resulting in a large amount of heat release, which, in turn, affects the temperature distribution. Therefore, the main focus is on the cell stack, the most complex structure inside the cell. In particular, the discontinuous and anisotropic material properties represent a major challenge for simulations due to the layering. This work proposes self‐developed methods, based on the Finite Volume Method and the Finite Element Method, taking on these challenges. First, for both methods the functionality is verified and numerical convergence is validated. These, and also classical methods, are compared based on test problems with a known analytical solution in view of numerical errors as well as computing time. It if found that their accuracy and efficiency depends strongly on the specific problem, which makes their numerical investigation necessary and inevitable. Second, the methods are evaluated on a specific battery problem. Their results are plausible and correspond to the physical phenomena.
Iron modified zeolite carrier for efficiently pharmaceutical pollutant degradation in heterogeneous electro‐Fenton: Influence factors and kinetic
Authors: Adel Niaei Hadi , Rostamizadeh Mohammad
Published: December 2020

In this study, the high silica ZSM‐5 carrier was modified with the iron species and applied as a heterogeneous electro‐Fenton (EF) catalyst for pharmaceutical pollutant degradation. The carrier was prepared by the hydrothermal method and followed by impregnation. The physicochemical properties were evaluated by field emission scanning electron microscopes (FE‐SEM), FT‐IR, X‐Ray diffraction (XRD), and N2 adsorption–desorption techniques. The impregnated carrier had high crystallinity, high specific surface area, and uniform dispersion of iron species. The effect of different operating conditions was studied on the phenazopyridine (PHP) degradation efficiency. The optimal efficiency of PHP degradation (ca. 92.5%) was obtained at pH of 3.0, the current density of 100 mA, catalyst loading of 0.2 g L−1, and T = 25°C. The data of kinetic showed that the degradation of PHP followed Pseudo‐First‐Order kinetic, including the high accuracy (R2 > 0.95). The developed catalyst had the high stability and reusability for the PHP degradation in the EF process, while the degradation efficiency dropped only 0.5% for the regenerated catalyst.
Managing depression and anxiety in people with epilepsy: A survey of epilepsy health professionals by the ILAE Psychology Task Force
Authors: Gandy Milena , Modi Avani C. , Wagner Janelle L. , LaFrance W. Curt , Reuber Markus , Tang Venus , Valente Kette D. , Goldstein Laura H. , Donald Kirsten A. , Rayner Genevieve , Michaelis Rosa
Published: December 2020

Objectives

The Psychology Task Force of the Medical Therapies Commission of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) has been charged with taking steps to improve global mental health care for people with epilepsy. This study aimed to inform the direction and priorities of the Task Force by examining epilepsy healthcare providers’ current practical experiences, barriers, and unmet needs around addressing depression and anxiety in their patients.

Methods

A voluntary 27‐item online survey was distributed via ILAE chapters and networks. It assessed practices in the areas of screening, referral, management, and psychological care for depression and anxiety. A total of 445 participants, from 67 countries (68% high income), commenced the survey, with 87% completing all components. Most respondents (80%) were either neurologists or epileptologists.

Results

Less than half of respondents felt adequately resourced to manage depression and anxiety. There was a lack of consensus about which health professionals were responsible for screening and management of these comorbidities. About a third only assessed for depression and anxiety following spontaneous report and lack of time was a common barrier (>50%). Routine referrals to psychiatrists (>55%) and psychologists (>41%) were common, but approximately one third relied on watchful waiting. A lack of both trained mental health specialists (>55%) and standardized procedures (>38%) was common barriers to referral practices. The majority (>75%) of respondents’ patients identified with depression or anxiety had previously accessed psychotropic medications or psychological treatments. However, multiple barriers to psychological treatments were endorsed, including accessibility difficulties (52%).

Significance

The findings suggest that while the importance of managing depression and anxiety in patients with epilepsy is being recognized, there are ongoing barriers to effective mental health care. Key future directions include the need for updated protocols in this area and the integration of mental health professionals within epilepsy settings.
Gallic acid inhibits Kaposi's Sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus lytic reactivation by suppressing RTA transcriptional activities
Authors: Long Wen‐Ying , Zhao Guo‐hua , Wu Yao , Liu Ying
Published: December 2020

Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV), an oncogenic virus, has two life cycle modes: the latent and lytic phases. KSHV lytic reactivation is known to be important both for viral propagation and for KSHV‐induced tumorigenesis. The KSHV replication and transcription activator (RTA) protein is essential for lytic reactivation. Gallic acid (GA), one of the most abundant phenolic acids in the plant kingdom, has been shown potential chemotherapeutic efficacy against microbial and cancer. However, the effects of GA on KSHV replication and KSHV‐induced tumorigenesis have not yet been reported. Here, we report that GA induces apoptotic cell death in BCBL‐1 cells in a dose‐dependent manner. GA inhibits KSHV reactivation and reduces the production of progeny virus from KSHV‐harboring cells. GA inhibits RTA transcriptional activities by suppressing its binding to target gene promoters. These results suggest that GA may represent a novel strategy for the treatment of KSHV infection and KSHV‐associated lymphomas.
Insights into crustal architecture and tectonics across Palghat Cauvery Shear Zone, India from combined analysis of gravity and magnetic data
Authors: Ganguli Shuva Shankha , Pal Sanjit Kumar , Singh Sant Lal , Rama Rao Jammi Venkata , Balakrishna Beechani
Published: December 2020

The Palghat Cauvery Shear Zone (PCSZ), which dissects the Southern Granulite Terrane (SGT), evoked much attention for last two‐three decades as it offers an enticing opportunity to understand Precambrian tectonics. Many studies suggest that it is a suture zone or a terrane boundary, but tectonic evolution is mainly derived from structural and geochronological evidences. The present gravity‐magnetic study provides insight into both shallow and deeper crustal architecture and addresses the issues related to validation/modification of the existing tectonic realm. A total of 3,650 gravity and magnetic measurements were made covering ~8,640 km2 area, represented by high‐grade metamorphic rocks and acid intrusives of Archean to Neoproterozoic age. Representative rock samples were also collected for determination of petrophysical properties (density and susceptibility) which have augmented the understanding of gravity‐magnetic signature. The gravity anomaly map and subsequent modelling suggest an occurrence of a high‐density batholith at mid‐crustal level at the central part of the area. The magnetic anomaly map reveals that ENE‐WSW trending linear magnetic low zone is coincident with a residual gravity high, which probably indicates the fossil of an oceanic crust. The horizontal gradient of gravity‐magnetic data reveals the shallow crust, which is bounded by Palghat Cauvery Shear Zone (PCSZ) and Dharapuram Shear Zone (DSZ), and separates two terranes in terms of density and susceptibilities. The study suggests N‐S verging compressional tectonics had led to closure of an ocean, imprints of which is well manifested in gravity and magnetic maps.
The revised Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination can facilitate differentiation of dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Prats‐Sedano Maria Angeles , Savulich George , Surendranathan Ajenthan , Donaghy Paul C. , Thomas Alan J. , Rowe James B. , Su Li , O'Brien John T.
Published: December 2020

Objectives

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a major cause of degenerative dementia, yet the diagnosis is often missed or mistaken for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We assessed whether the revised Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE‐R), a brief test for dementia, differentiates DLB from AD.

Methods

We first compared baseline ACE‐R performance in 76 individuals with DLB, 40 individuals with AD and 66 healthy controls. We then investigated the diagnostic accuracy of a simple standardised ‘memory/visuospatial’ ratio calculated from the ACE‐R subscores. Finally, as a comparison a logistic regression machine learning algorithm was trained to classify between DLB and AD.

Results

Individuals with AD had poorer memory (p = 0.001) and individuals with DLB had poorer visuospatial function (p = 0.005). Receiver operating characteristics curves confirmed that the ACE‐R total score could differentiate dementia from non‐dementia cases with 98% accuracy, but could not discriminate between dementia types (50%, or chance‐level accuracy). However, a ‘memory/visuospatial’ ratio ≥1.1 differentiated DLB from AD with 82% sensitivity, 68% specificity and 77% mean accuracy. The machine learning classifier did not improve the overall diagnostic accuracy (74%) of the simple ACE‐R subscores ratio.

Conclusions

The ACE‐R‐based ‘memory/visuospatial’ ratio, but not total score, demonstrates good clinical utility for the differential diagnosis of DLB from AD.
Factors Affecting Contraception Access and Use in Patients With Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Stone Rebecca H. , Griffin Brooke , Fusco Rachel A. , Vest Kathy , Tran Tran , Gross Savannah
Published: December 2020

Maternal opioid use disorder increased > 4‐fold from 1999 to 2014 and is associated with poor maternal and fetal outcomes. Women with opioid use disorder are at 2 to 3 times greater risk for unintended pregnancy than the general population and may face additional barriers to accessing and effectively using contraception compared to women without opioid use disorder, particularly highly effective long‐acting reversible contraception. Additionally, women with opioid use disorder tend to use less effective forms of contraception such as condoms alone. Barriers to contraceptive access include patient misconceptions or knowledge gaps regarding reproductive health and family planning, cost, intimate partner violence, fear of criminalization, difficulty accessing care, comorbid health conditions, and health care provider misconceptions or practice limitations. Strategies that may assist women with opioid use disorder in achieving their family planning goals include colocation of family planning services within opioid treatment facilities, optimization of patient care services to minimize the need for costly and/or time consuming follow‐up, increasing provider education and awareness of best practices in family planning and opioid use disorder treatment, and providing patient‐centered family planning education and counseling. Additional research is needed to identify and develop strategies that empower women who use opioids to effectively access and use their preferred contraceptive method.
Impact of Sex on Clinical Response in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated With Biologics at Approved Dosing Regimens
Authors: Fang Lanyan , Song Xuyang , Ji Ping , Wang Yaning , Maynard Janet , Yim Sarah , Sahajwalla Chandrahas , Xu Mingjiang , Kim Myong‐Jin , Zhao Liang
Published: December 2020

The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is higher in females than in males. With the development of new treatment options and strategies such as biologics, we found it worthwhile to identify whether males and females warrant different treatment regimens to ensure the best clinical response. Our meta‐analysis included 11 clinical trials of RA patients in support of the Food and Drug Administration's approval of 6 biological products. We evaluated the data of American College of Rheumatology 20 (ACR20) 24 or 26 weeks after treatment. Logistic regression models were applied to compute the odds ratio (OR) of treatment responses between sexes. The ORs of ACR20 response rates in males and females were similar across all studies and not significantly different in overall studies (OR, 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 0.96‐1.16) analyzed with a fixed‐effects model. Further analyses on the 7 ACR20 subcomponents showed high heterogeneity among studies (Q statistic P < .00007, I2 > 95%), with no observed clinically meaningful sex‐related difference. Thus, our meta‐analysis did not find significant difference in ACR20 response rates between male and female RA patients treated with biologics at approved dosing regimens. This result supports the current clinical practice of not requiring sex‐dependent treatment regimens for RA patients.
Population PK‐PD‐PD Modeling of Recombinant Follicle Stimulating Hormone in In Vitro Fertilization/Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection: Implications on Dosing and Timing of Gonadotrophin Therapy
Authors: Ebid Abdel Hameed I. M. , Abdel Motaleb Sara M. , Mostafa Mahmoud I. , Soliman Mahmoud M. A.
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to characterize an interactive and clinically applicable population pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic‐pharmacodynamic (PK‐PD‐PD) model describing follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH)‐inhibin B‐oocyte relationship in women undergoing assisted reproduction with in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The study was a prospective analysis of 25 healthy women undergoing IVF/ICSI using gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol. The developed model used the FSH PK profiles to predict both inhibin B (first PD end point) and oocyte retrieval (second PD end point). The modeling framework involved 2 stages. First, the FSH‐inhibin B model was developed by the simultaneous approach and applied to estimate the individual area under the inhibin B‐time curve (AUCInhb) at the end of stimulation cycles that varied in length in each woman. In the second stage, the estimated AUCInhb was introduced as a link covariate to predict oocyte retrieval and response category. The population FSH‐inhibin B model was described as 3 submodels; PK (exogenous), endogenous, and inhibin B PD models. Weight was the main determinant of both endogenous and exogenous FSH exposures. GnRH antagonist therapy was a significant time‐varying covariate when tested against the endogenous FSH production rate (P < .001). AUCInhb could be predicted with women's age and weight. Log‐transformed AUCInhb was a significant covariate when tested against oocyte retrieval (P < .001). Simulations concluded a target AUCInhb of 144‐303 ng·h/mL for optimal ovarian response. The GnRH antagonist was better started on day 7 of the cycle. Covariate‐based dosing suggests lower recombinant follicle‐stimulating hormone requirements in a thin and/or young population. An interactive web application “GonadGuide” was developed to facilitate the application in clinical practice.
Tactical contingencies in the experimental analysis of reinforcement and operant classes
Authors: Catania A. Charles
Published: December 2020

In his “Tactics of Scientific Research” (1960), his work on avoidance, his discovery of equivalence classes and his cautions on applications of coercion, Murray Sidman created high standards for behavior analytic research. I illustrate his influence in the context of three examples he might have characterized as pilot studies. Each examined trial N+1 response probabilities depending on whether trial N responding had produced a reinforcer. Differentially reinforced interresponse times, keys pecked in arbitrary matching, and two‐key response sequences provided no robust evidence that reinforcing some response property on trial N raises the probability of responding with that property on trial N+1. These negative findings shed light on the nature of operant classes and on the relation of reinforcers to the responses that produced them. Through selection, reinforcers create operant classes and engender variations of the responses within those classes; operant classes are held together by common contingencies. Sidman extended our understanding of operant classes by expanding them to include equivalence relations.
A comparison of electron ionization mass spectra obtained at 70 eV, low electron energies, and with cold EI and their NIST library identification probabilities
Authors: Margolin Eren Ksenia J. , Elkabets Oneg , Amirav Aviv
Published: December 2020

Electron ionization (EI) mass spectra of 46 compounds from several different compound classes were measured. Their molecular ion abundances were compared as obtained with 70‐eV EI, with low eV EI (such as 14 eV), and with EI mass spectra of vibrationally cold molecules in supersonic molecular beams (Cold EI). We further compared these mass spectra in their National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) library identification probabilities. We found that

Low eV EI is not a soft ionization method, and it has little or no influence on the molecular ion relative abundances for large molecules and those with weak or no molecular ions.

Low eV EI for compounds with abundant or dominant molecular ions in their 70 eV mass spectra results in the reduction of low mass fragment ions abundances thereby reducing their NIST library identification probabilities thus rarely justifies its use in real‐world applications.

Cold EI significantly enhances the relative abundance of the molecular ions particularly for large compounds; yet, it retains the low mass fragment ions; hence, Cold EI mass spectra can be effectively identified by the NIST library.

Different standard EI ion sources provide different 70 eV EI mass spectra. Among the Agilent technologies ion sources, the “Extractor” exhibits relatively abundant molecular ions compared with the “Inert” ion source, while the “High efficiency source” (HES) provides mass spectra with depleted molecular ions compared with the “Inert” ion source or NIST library mass spectra.

These conclusions are demonstrated and supported by experimental data in nine figures and two tables.
Clinical utilization of species‐specific immunoassays for identification of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae in orthopedic infections
Authors: Sulovari Aron , Ninomiya Mark J. , Beck Christopher A. , Ricciardi Benjamin F. , Ketonis Constantinos , Mesfin Addisu , Kaplan Nathan B. , Soin Sandeep P. , McDowell Susan M. , Mahmood Bilal , Daiss John L. , Schwarz Edward M. , Oh Irvin
Published: December 2020

Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B streptococcus, GBS) are common causes of deep musculoskeletal infections (MSKI) and result in significant patient morbidity and cost to the healthcare system. One of the major challenges with MSKI is the lack of faithful diagnostics to correctly identify the primary pathogen, as standard culture‐based assays are prone to false positives in the case of polymicrobial infections, and false negatives due to limitations in sample acquisition and antibiotic use before presentation. To improve upon our current diagnostic methods for MSKI, we developed a multiplex immunoassay for antigen‐specific IgGs in serum (Luminex), and medium enriched for newly synthesized antibodies (MENSA) for anti‐S. aureus and GBS generated from cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of orthopedic infection patients undergoing surgical treatment. Samples were obtained from 110 MSKI patients: 80 diabetic foot ulcer, 21 periprosthetic joint infection, 5 septic arthritis, 2 spine, 1 hand, and 1 fracture‐related infection (FRI). Anti‐S. aureus and anti‐GBS antibody titers were compared to culture results to assess their concordance in identifying the pathogens. Immunoassay, particularly MENSA, showed high diagnostic potential for monomicrobial S. aureus and GBS orthopedic infections (AUC > 0.95). MENSA also demonstrated diagnostic potential for GBS polymicrobial orthopedic infection and for GBS DFU (AUC > 0.83 for both). Serum showed high diagnostic potential for S. aureus PJI (AUC > 0.95). Taken together, these findings support the development of species‐specific immunoassays for the identification of causal pathogens in active MSKI, especially in conjunction with standard culture.