bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Notch signaling promotes disease initiation and progression in murine chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Tardivon Delphine , Antoszewski Mateusz , Zangger Nadine , Nkosi Marianne , Sordet-Dessimoz Jessica , Hendriks Rudi , Koch Ute , Radtke Freddy
Published: December 2020

NOTCH1 gain-of-function mutations are recurrent in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), where they are associated with accelerated disease progression and refractoriness to chemotherapy. The specific role of NOTCH1 in the development and progression of this malignancy is unclear. Here, we assess the impact of loss of Notch signaling and pathway hyperactivation in an in vivo mouse model of CLL (IgH.TEμ) that faithfully replicates many features of the human pathology. Ablation of canonical Notch signaling using conditional gene inactivation of RBP-J in immature hematopoietic or B-cell progenitors delayed CLL induction and reduced incidence of mice developing disease. In contrast, forced expression of a dominant active form of Notch resulted in more animals developing CLL with early disease onset. Comparative analysis of gene expression and epigenetic features of Notch gain-of-function and control CLL cells revealed direct and indirect regulation of cell cycle–associated genes, which led to increased proliferation of Notch gain-of-function CLL cells in vivo. These results demonstrate that Notch signaling facilitates disease initiation and promotes CLL cell proliferation and disease progression.
Subsequent malignant neoplasms among children with Hodgkin lymphoma: a report from the Children’s Oncology Group
Authors: Giulino-Roth Lisa , Pei Qinglin , Buxton Allen , Bush Rizvan , Wu Yue , Wolden Suzanne L. , Constine Louis S. , Kelly Kara M. , Schwartz Cindy L. , Friedman Debra L.
Published: December 2020

Survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) have an increased risk of subsequent malignant neoplasms (SMNs). Response-adapted treatment may decrease this risk by reducing exposure to therapy associated with SMN risk. The Children’s Oncology Group study AHOD0031 evaluated response-adapted therapy for children and adolescents with intermediate-risk HL. We report the SMNs among 1711 patients enrolled in AHOD0031. Patients were treated with 4 cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vincristine, etoposide, prednisone, and cyclophosphamide with or without involved-field radiation therapy (RT). Patients with a slow early response to initial chemotherapy were randomized to 2 additional cycles of dexamethasone, etoposide, cisplatin and cytarabine or no additional chemotherapy, and all received RT. At a median follow-up of 7.3 years, an analysis of SMNs was performed. The 10-year cumulative incidence of SMN was 1.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6-2.0). SMNs included 3 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 11 with solid tumors, and 3 with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Sixteen of 17 patients with an SMN had received combined modality therapy. The standardized incidence ratio for SMN was 9.5 (95% CI, 4.5-15.2) with an excess absolute risk of 1.2 per 1000 person-years. The cumulative incidence of SMNs was higher among patients who received RT (P = .037). In multivariate analysis, RT, B symptoms, and race were associated with SMN risk. Given the latency from exposure, we have likely captured all cases of secondary leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Longer follow-up is needed to determine the risk of solid tumors. Avoidance of RT without sacrificing disease control should remain a goal for future therapeutic approaches. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00025259.
To portray clonal evolution in blood cancer, count your stem cells
Authors: Lyne Anne-Marie , Laplane Lucie , Perié Leïla
Published: December 2020

Clonal evolution, the process of expansion and diversification of mutated cells, plays an important role in cancer development, resistance, and relapse. Although clonal evolution is most often conceived of as driven by natural selection, recent studies uncovered that neutral evolution shapes clonal evolution in a significant proportion of solid cancers. In hematological malignancies, the interplay between neutral evolution and natural selection is also disputed. Because natural selection selects cells with a greater fitness, providing a growth advantage to some cells relative to others, the architecture of clonal evolution serves as indirect evidence to distinguish natural selection from neutral evolution and has been associated with different prognoses for the patient. Linear architecture, when the new mutant clone grows within the previous one, is characteristic of hematological malignancies and is typically interpreted as being driven by natural selection. Here, we discuss the role of natural selection and neutral evolution in the production of linear clonal architectures in hematological malignancies. Although it is tempting to attribute linear evolution to natural selection, we argue that a lower number of contributing stem cells accompanied by genetic drift can also result in a linear pattern of evolution, as illustrated by simulations of clonal evolution in hematopoietic stem cells. The number of stem cells contributing to long-term clonal evolution is not known in the pathological context, and we advocate that estimating these numbers in the context of cancer and aging is crucial to parsing out neutral evolution from natural selection, 2 processes that require different therapeutic strategies.
A randomized phase 3 trial of auto vs. allo transplantation as part of first-line therapy in poor-risk peripheral T-NHL
Authors: Schmitz Norbert , Truemper Lorenz H , Bouabdallah Krimo , Ziepert Marita , Leclerc Mathieu , Cartron Guillaume , Jaccard Arnaud , Reimer Peter , Wagner-Drouet Eva Maria , Wilhelm Martin , Sanhes Laurence , Lamy Thierry , de Leval Laurence , Rosenwald Andreas , Roussel Murielle , Kroschinsky Frank P , Lindemann Walter Walter , Dreger Peter , Viardot Andreas , Milpied Noel J , Gisselbrecht Christian , Wulf Gerald G , Gyan Emmanuel , Gaulard Philippe , Bay Jacques-Olivier , Glass Bertram , Poeschel Viola , Damaj Gandhi , Sibon David , Delmer Alain Jacques , Bilger Karin , Banos Anne , Haenel Mathias , Dreyling Martin , Metzner Bernd , Keller Ulrich , Braulke Friederike , Friedrichs Birte , Nickelsen Maike , Altmann Bettina , Tournilhac Olivier
Published: December 2020

Standard first-line therapy for younger patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma consists of six courses of CHOP or CHOEP consolidated by high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (AutoSCT). We hypothesized that consolidative allogeneic transplantation (AlloSCT) could improve outcome. 104 patients with nodal peripheral T-cell lymphoma except ALK+ ALCL, 18 to 60 years of age, all stages and IPI scores except stage 1 and aaIPI 0, were randomized to receive 4 x CHOEP and 1 x DHAP followed by high-dose therapy and AutoSCT or myeloablative conditioning and AlloSCT. The primary endpoint was event-free survival (EFS) at three years. After a median follow-up of 42 months, 3-year EFS of patients undergoing AlloSCT was 43% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 29%; 57%) as compared to 38% (95% CI: 25%; 52%) after AutoSCT. Overall survival at 3 years was 57% (95% CI: 43%; 71%) versus 70% (95% CI: 57%; 82%) after AlloSCT or AutoSCT, without significant differences between treatment arms. None of 21 responding patients proceeding to AlloSCT as opposed to 13 of 36 patients (36%) proceeding to AutoSCT relapsed. Eight of 26 patients (31%) and none of 41 patients died due to transplant-related toxicity after allogeneic and autologous transplantation, respectively. In younger patients with T-cell lymphoma standard chemotherapy consolidated by autologous or allogeneic transplantation results in comparable survival. The strong graft-versus-lymphoma effect after AlloSCT was counterbalanced by transplant-related mortality. CHO(E)P followed by AutoSCT remains the preferred treatment option for transplant-eligible patients. AlloSCT is the treatment of choice for relapsing patients also after AutoSCT.
Therapeutic inhibition of HIF-2α reverses polycythemia and pulmonary hypertension in murine models of human diseases
Authors: Ghosh Manik C. , Zhang De-Liang , Ollivierre Wade H. , Noguchi Audrey , Springer Danielle A. , Linehan W. Marston , Rouault Tracey A.
Published: December 2020

Polycythemia and pulmonary hypertension are 2 human diseases for which better therapies are needed. Upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) and its target genes, erythropoietin (EPO) and endothelin-1, causes polycythemia and pulmonary hypertension in patients with Chuvash polycythemia who are homozygous for the R200W mutation in the von Hippel Lindau (VHL) gene and in a murine mouse model of Chuvash polycythemia that bears the same homozygous VhlR200W mutation. Moreover, the aged VhlR200W mice developed pulmonary fibrosis, most likely due to the increased expression of Cxcl-12, another Hif-2α target. Patients with mutations in iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1) also develop polycythemia, and Irp1-knockout (Irp1-KO) mice exhibit polycythemia, pulmonary hypertension, and cardiac fibrosis attributable to translational derepression of Hif-2α, and the resultant high expression of the Hif-2α targets EPO, endothelin-1, and Cxcl-12. In this study, we inactivated Hif-2α with the second-generation allosteric HIF-2α inhibitor MK-6482 in VhlR200W, Irp1-KO, and double-mutant VhlR200W;Irp1-KO mice. MK-6482 treatment decreased EPO production and reversed polycythemia in all 3 mouse models. Drug treatment also decreased right ventricular pressure and mitigated pulmonary hypertension in VhlR200W, Irp1-KO, and VhlR200W;Irp1-KO mice to near normal wild-type levels and normalized the movement of the cardiac interventricular septum in VhlR200Wmice. MK-6482 treatment reduced the increased expression of Cxcl-12, which, in association with CXCR4, mediates fibrocyte influx into the lungs, potentially causing pulmonary fibrosis. Our results suggest that oral intake of MK-6482 could represent a new approach to treatment of patients with polycythemia, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis, and complications caused by elevated expression of HIF-2α.
Long-term outcomes with emicizumab prophylaxis for hemophilia A with or without FVIII inhibitors from the HAVEN 1-4 studies
Authors: Callaghan Michael U. , Negrier Claude , Paz-Priel Ido , Chang Tiffany , Chebon Sammy , Lehle Michaela , Mahlangu Johnny , Young Guy , Kruse-Jarres Rebecca , Mancuso Maria Elisa , Niggli Markus , Howard Monet , Bienz Nives Selak , Shima Midori , Jiménez-Yuste Victor , Schmitt Christophe , Asikanius Elina , Levy Gallia G. , Pipe Steven W. , Oldenburg Johannes
Published: December 2020

Prophylaxis with emicizumab, a subcutaneously administered bispecific humanized monoclonal antibody, promotes effective hemostasis in persons with hemophilia A (PwHAs). The primary efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of emicizumab were reported previously, but long-term data were limited. Here, data from 401 pediatric and adult PwHAs with/without factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitors who were enrolled in the phase 3 HAVEN 1, HAVEN 2, HAVEN 3, and HAVEN 4 studies (NCT02622321, NCT02795767, NCT02847637, NCT03020160) have been pooled to establish a long-term efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics profile. Across a median efficacy period of 120.4 weeks (interquartile range, 89.0-164.4) (data cutoff 15 May 2020), the model-based treated annualized bleed rate (ABR) was 1.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-1.7). ABRs declined and then stabilized at <1 in an analysis of 24-week treatment intervals; at weeks 121 to 144 (n = 170), the mean treated ABR was 0.7 (95% CI, 0-5.0). During weeks 121 to 144, 82.4% of participants had 0 treated bleeds, 97.6% had ≤3 treated bleeds, and 94.1% reported no treated target joint bleeds. Bleeding into target joints decreased substantially. Emicizumab was well tolerated, and no participant discontinued because of adverse events beyond the 5 previously described. This data cutoff includes the previously reported 3 thrombotic microangiopathies (one in the PwHA with fatal rectal hemorrhage) and 2 thromboembolic events, all associated with activated prothrombin complex concentrate use, as well as a myocardial infarction and a venous device occlusion. With 970.3 patient-years of exposure, emicizumab prophylaxis maintained low bleed rates in PwHAs of all ages with/without FVIII inhibitors and remains well tolerated, with no new safety concerns identified.
Characteristics and risk factors associated with critical illness in pediatric COVID-19
Authors:   the Northwell COVID-19 Research Consortium, Fisler Grace , Izard Stephanie M. , Shah Sareen , Lewis Deirdre , Kainth Mundeep K. , Hagmann Stefan H. F. , Belfer Joshua A. , Feld Lance M. , Mastroianni Fiore , Kvasnovsky Charlotte L. , Capone Christine A. , Schneider James , Sweberg Todd , Schleien Charles , Taylor Matthew D.
Published: December 2020

Background

While much has been reported regarding the clinical course of COVID-19 in children, little is known regarding factors associated with organ dysfunction in pediatric COVID-19. We describe critical illness in pediatric patients with active COVID-19 and identify factors associated with PICU admission and organ dysfunction. This is a retrospective chart review of 77 pediatric patients age 1 day to 21 years admitted to two New York City pediatric hospitals within the Northwell Health system between February 1 and April 24, 2020 with PCR + SARS-CoV-2. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the hospital course and laboratory results and bivariate comparisons were performed on variables to determine differences.

Results

Forty-seven patients (61%) were admitted to the general pediatric floor and thirty (39%) to the PICU. The majority (97%, n = 75) survived to discharge, 1.3% (n = 1) remain admitted, and 1.3% (n = 1) died. Common indications for PICU admission included hypoxia (50%), hemodynamic instability (20%), diabetic ketoacidosis (6.7%), mediastinal mass (6.7%), apnea (6.7%), acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease (6.7%), and cardiac dysfunction (6.7%). Of PICU patients, 46.7% experienced any significant organ dysfunction (pSOFA >  = 2) during admission. Patients aged 12 years or greater were more likely to be admitted to a PICU compared to younger patients (p = 0.015). Presence of an underlying comorbidity was not associated with need for PICU admission (p = 0.227) or organ dysfunction (p = 0.87). Initial white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count, and ferritin were not associated with need for PICU admission. Initial C-reactive protein was associated with both need for PICU admission (p = 0.005) and presence of organ dysfunction (p = 0.001). Initial WBC and presenting thrombocytopenia were associated with organ dysfunction (p = 0.034 and p = 0.003, respectively).

Conclusions

Age over 12 years and initial CRP were associated with need for PICU admission in COVID-19. Organ dysfunction was associated with elevated admission CRP, elevated WBC, and thrombocytopenia. These factors may be useful in determining risk for critical illness and organ dysfunction in pediatric COVID-19.
The Calcium-Sensing Receptor Is Essential for Calcium and Bicarbonate Sensitivity in Human Spermatozoa
Authors: Boisen Ida Marie , Rehfeld Anders , Mos Iris , Poulsen Nadia Nicholine , Nielsen John Erik , Schwarz Peter , Rejnmark Lars , Dissing Steen , Bach-Mortensen Pernille , Juul Anders , Bräuner-Osborne Hans , Lanske Beate , Blomberg Jensen Martin
Published: December 2020

Context

The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is essential to maintain a stable calcium concentration in serum. Spermatozoa are exposed to immense changes in concentrations of CaSR ligands such as calcium, magnesium, and spermine during epididymal maturation, in the ejaculate, and in the female reproductive environment. However, the role of CaSR in human spermatozoa is unknown.

Objective

This work aimed to investigate the role of CaSR in human spermatozoa.

Methods

We identified CaSR in human spermatozoa and characterized the response to CaSR agonists on intracellular calcium, acrosome reaction, and 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine 5′-monophosphate (cAMP) in spermatozoa from men with either loss-of-function or gain-of-function mutations in CASR and healthy donors.

Results

CaSR is expressed in human spermatozoa and is essential for sensing extracellular free ionized calcium (Ca2+) and Mg2+. Activators of CaSR augmented the effect of sperm-activating signals such as the response to HCO3– and the acrosome reaction, whereas spermatozoa from men with a loss-of-function mutation in CASR had a diminished response to HCO3–, lower progesterone-mediated calcium influx, and were less likely to undergo the acrosome reaction in response to progesterone or Ca2+. CaSR activation increased cAMP through soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) activity and increased calcium influx through CatSper. Moreover, external Ca2+ or Mg2+ was indispensable for HCO3– activation of sAC. Two male patients with a CASR loss-of-function mutation in exon 3 presented with normal sperm counts and motility, whereas a patient with a loss-of-function mutation in exon 7 had low sperm count, motility, and morphology.

Conclusion

CaSR is important for the sensing of Ca2+, Mg2+, and HCO3– in spermatozoa, and loss-of-function may impair male sperm function.
Ege University Faculty of Fisheries Museum (ESFM) cephalopod inventory
Authors: Salman Alp , Izmirli Cem
Published: December 2020

In this study, cephalopod individuals exemplified in scientific studies from 1988 to 2015 were registered and listed in the Ege University Faculty of Fisheries Museum (ESFM). Cephalopod species examined in the museum were obtained from the Marmara Sea, the Aegean Sea, the Mediterranean and Northern Cyprus waters. In this study, cephalopod individuals exemplified in scientific studies from 1988 to 2015 were registered and listed in the Ege University Faculty of Fisheries Museum (ESFM). These studies showed that Turkey seas surrounding the 46 species of sepiida orders from 58 pieces, the orders in Sepiolida 230, Teuthida orders of 106 pieces and order Octopoda total 146 storage in a jar. As a result of this study surrounding Turkey seas it has been identified 46 species of cephalopods.
The cephalopod types found in the museum were first cleaned and fixed to the jars using the formalin fixation method, which is the most suitable of the 4 known fixation methods, and then the necessary information regarding the sampling was labeled on the jars and the ESFM museum registration was performed.
Characterization and antioxidant capacity of anchovy by-product protein films enriched with rosemary and laurel essential oils
Authors: Tural Serpil , Turhan Sadettin , Öz Fatih
Published: December 2020

In this study, characterization and antioxidant capacity of anchovy by-product protein (ABP) films with 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% rosemary (REO) and laurel essential oils (LEO) were investigated. The films with REO and LEO showed higher elongation at break and water vapor permeability (WVP), but lower elastic modulus, transparency, and tensile strength. L* and b* values decreased as a function of essential oil (EO) amount and films became darker and slightly yellowish. The solubility of films with REO and LEO decreased by 10.00-16.05% and 13.84-18.20%, respectively. Intermolecular interaction and molecular organization in the polymer matrix were changed by EO incorporation. Films with EOs showed a nonhomogeneous surface and comparatively smooth cross-section structure providing easy permeation. The antioxidant properties of films were enriched by addition EO and the highest antioxidant capacity was determined in 1.5% LEO film. As a result, although ABP films enriched with EOs have a high WVP, they can be used as packaging material for food products that are susceptible to lipid oxidation.
Quality of training in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for nurse assistants: a survey
Authors: Ratcliffe Elizabeth , Bhandare Anirudh P , Kadir Shanil
Published: December 2020

Background:

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatoscopy (ERCP) is a technical and complex procedure requiring highly skilled and trained endoscopists and assistants. Literature so far has highlighted a need for better training for assistants of ERCP, as well as linking the volumes of procedures performed to improved success rates and reduced complication rates.

Methods:

A survey was undertaken of 51 ERCP nurse assistants' experience of training in ERCP from district general, teaching and tertiary hospitals in the UK. Nursing assistants are registered nurses with endoscopy skills or nursing practitioners of band 4 and above with experience in ERCP.

Findings:

Of those surveyed, 93% had undertaken fewer than 50 procedures supervised by experienced nurse assistants prior to being deemed competent, with 63% having performed fewer than 25 procedures. Only 40% felt confident at independently assisting. Attending formal training had little impact on this, but did improve confidence in out-of-hours work. Participants' main suggestions for training were a course involving familiarisation with equipment, close supervision and anatomy training.

Conclusions:

There is a lack of guidance on the correct training and experience required for nurse assistants. This survey's findings suggest many are commencing independent practice feeling underprepared. More work needs to be done to improve the quality of nurse training and support their learning, and further studies are needed to look into the impact this has on patient outcomes.
Characterization of few mode fiber components and connected systems
Authors: Grüner-Nielsen Lars , Mariam Mathew Neethu , Rottwitt Karsten
Published: December 2020

Methods for measurement of polarization dependent loss and cross talk of individual few mode fiber components and connected systems are presented. A new method for determining the cross talk of the individual components, from the measurements on the connected system is presented and verified through simulations and measurements. The method is based on Fourier analysis of the wavelength dependent interference of the loss of the system.
Scatter-plate microscopy with spatially coherent illumination and temporal scatter modulation
Authors: Ludwig Stephan , Ruchka Pavel , Pedrini Giancarlo , Peng Xiang , Osten Wolfgang
Published: December 2020

Scatter-plate microscopy (SPM) is a lensless imaging technique for high-resolution imaging through scattering media. So far, the method was demonstrated for spatially incoherent illumination and static scattering media. In this publication, we demonstrate that these restrictions are not necessary. We realized imaging with spatially coherent and spatially incoherent illumination. We further demonstrate that SPM is still a valid imaging method for scatter-plates, which change their scattering behaviour (i.e. the phase-shift) at each position on the plate continuously but independently from other positions. Especially we realized imaging through rotating ground glass diffusers.
Advanced volume holographic filter to improve the SNR of polychromatic sources in a noisy environment
Authors: Alcaraz Pedro Enrique , Blanche Pierre-Alexandre
Published: December 2020

We present a new type of filter that improves the SNR of systems where polychromatic signal and noise are located at different distances within the same line of sight. The filter is based on holographic technology that allows for the discrimination of wavefronts by range. In using a combination of two holographic elements, a pre-disperser and a thick volume hologram, we were able to significantly increase the spectral bandwidth of the filter, from 9nm without the pre-disperser to 70nm with both holographic elements. Laboratory proof of concept demonstrated that such a filter is capable of an SNR improvement of 15 dB for a monochromatic source, and up to 7.6 dB for a polychromatic source. This filter can find applications in astronomic observation, satellite or space debris tracking, and free-space optical communication.
Coherence characterization of nanosecond rectangular pulses in passively mode-locked fiber lasers
Authors: Kemel Meriem , Salhi Mohamed , Ciret Charles , Semaan Georges , Nady Ahmed , Sanchez François
Published: December 2020

Dissipative soliton resonance (DSR) phenomenon is a recent concept of pulse formation proposed to achieve a high-energy passively mode-locked fiber laser. Such pulses have general features, e.g., flat-top temporal profile, energy scalability, and temporal coherence. To identify the nature of various rectangular pulses which share most of DSR features, it is important to verify their coherence. When a pulse is in the nanosecond range, the experimental study of the coherence is a complex task, which is overlooked in the literature. In this work, a novel approach is proposed for the first time to study the coherence of nanosecond rectangular pulses. It is based on two different methods: Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and dispersive Fourier transformation (DFT).
Molecular identification, genotyping of virulence-associated genes, and pathogenicity of cellulitis-derived Escherichia coli
Authors: Amer Mohamed M. , Mekky Hoda M. , Fedawy Hanaa S. , EL-Shemy A. , Bosila M. A. , Elbayoumi Kh. M.
Published: December 2020

Background and Aim: Avian colibacillosis, which is caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), is a major bacterial disease that affects birds of all ages worldwide, causing significant economic losses. APEC manifests in several clinical forms, including cellulitis, and its high pathogenicity is attributed to harboring numerous virulence-associated genes (VGs). This study evaluated the pathogenicity of the cellulitis-derived E. coli (O78) strain through molecular identification of genes coding for seven virulence factors and by conducting an in vivo assessment of capability for cellulitis induction in broiler chickens.

Materials and Methods: This study was performed using a previously isolated and identified cellulitis-derived E. coli (O78), which was screened for seven VGs using molecular detection and identification through polymerase chain reaction followed by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Experimental infection by subcutaneous (SC) inoculation in broilers and its pathogenicity was confirmed in vivo by cellulitis induction. The impact of cellulitis on broiler performance was assessed.

Results: Molecular genotyping proved that the isolate harbored five virulence genes (iroN, iutA, tsh, iss, and papC) and was negative for stx1 and hly genes. The amplified products for iroN, iss, and iutA were subjected to sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, and the results indicate the highest similarity and matching with E. coli submitted to the National Center for Biotechnology Information GenBank. SC inoculation of bacteria in broiler chickens resulted in cellulitis, as indicated by thick red edematous skin with yellowish-white material in the SC tissue at the inoculation site, and the abdominal muscle showed redness and increased vacuolization. Histopathological examination revealed moderate-to-severe caseous inflammatory reaction with a marked accumulation of heterophils and mononuclear cells in the SC fatty tissue. The average feed intake, body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were lower in infected chickens in comparison with those of the control non-infected chickens.

Conclusion: This study proves that molecular techniques are accurate for pathogenicity determination in virulent bacteria, with the advantages of being rapid, time-saving, and economical. Cellulitis is associated with economic losses that are represented by a lower BWG and FCR.
RIFLESSIONI SULLA NUOVA RELAZIONE TRA SOVRANITA' E TERRITORIO NELL'ERA DIGITALE
Authors: Basigli Nicolò , Zakaria Sarah
Published: December 2020

Si espongono, con il presente lavoro, alcune riflessioni a riguardo della relazione tra l' avanzo delle nuove tecnologie e la sovranità degli Stati e i problemi decorrenti da questa relazione. La riflessione parte da una nuova concezione di territorio nell' era digitale e come questo non abbia più frontiere. Conseguentemente, tutto questo conduce ad un ripensamento delle nozioni di territorio e di sovranità alla luce dei cambiamenti che stanno accadendo nella realtà e di cercare soluzioni legislative in una dimensione transnazionale.PAROLE CHIAVE: Internet, Sovranità, Territorio.
PROCESSO POLÍTICO COMO CONSTRUÇÃO DEMOCRÁTICA: UMA DISCUSSÃO ACERCA DOS PROCESSOS ELEITORAIS FORMADOS POR APENAS UMA CANDIDATURA
Authors: Gaziero Cella José Renato , Da Silva Zolet Lucas Augusto , Copetti Rafael
Published: December 2020

Este trabalho, guiado por estudo de caso que orienta a utilização de método hipotético-dedutivo, propõe o estudo acerca do problema dos processos políticos eleitorais formados por apenas uma candidatura, notadamente no Brasil, sobretudo fazendo uma contraposição com o dever de respeito aos pressupostos dos processos políticos democráticos como hipótese alinhada à Democracia. Defende-se que estes modelos singulares não contribuem para um possível desenvolvimento dos cenários políticos sustentáveis. A hegemonia de pequenos grupos e a ausência de uma perspectiva real de participação nas tomadas de decisões é um perigoso espaço para abuso do poder político. A relevância deste trabalho, portanto, funda-se no pressuposto de que as práticas democráticas não podem ser baseadas em modelos de suposto consenso, mas no reconhecimento do elemento do desacordo coletivo como circunstância política de diálogo democrático acerca das principais questões da vida social. O desacordo como ideal da Democracia permite o efetivo direito de escolha, projeta a cidadania e o desenvolvimento das liberdades como defesa das diferentes composições ideológicas da comunidade.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Democracia; Desacordo; Processo Político Democrático; Robert Dahl.POLITICAL PROCESS AS DEMOCRATIC CONSTRUCTION: A DISCUSSION ABOUT THE ELECTORAL PROCESS FORMED ONLY ONE APPLICATIONABSTRACTThis work, guided by case study that guides the use of hypothetical-deductive method, proposes the study of the problem of electoral political processes formed by only one application, notably in Brazil, especially making a contrast with the duty to respect the assumptions of democratic political processes as chance aligned with Democracy. It is argued these unique models will not contribute to the possible development of sustainable policy scenarios. The hegemony of small groups and the absence of a real prospect of participation in decision-making is a dangerous space for abuse of political power. The relevance of this work, therefore, is based on the assumption that the democratic practices cannot be based on a supposed consensus models, but in recognition of the element of collective disagreement as democratic dialogue of political circumstances on the main issues of social life. Disagreement as ideal of Democracy allows the effective right to choose, designs citizenship and the development of freedoms and defense of the different ideological compositions of the community.KEYWORDS: Democracy; Disagreement; Democratic Political Processes; Robert Dahl.
O CONTROLE JUDICIAL DE CONSTITUCIONALIDADE DE EMENDAS À CONSTITUIÇÃO
Authors: Mânica Radaelli Samuel , Damasceno Medina Júlio Eduardo
Published: December 2020

Estudar a relação entre constitucionalismo e democracia, impressa na relação de tensão entre o Supremo Tribunal Federal e o Congresso Nacional brasileiro é o objetivo do presente artigo. Para tanto dissertar-se-á acerca do controle judicial de constitucionalidade de Emendas à Constituição, bem como sobre a possibilidade de tal revisão judicial representar uma atrofia à soberania popular, ao passo que sucumbe a democracia ao julgamento final da interpretação constitucional por parte de uma corte não eleita e sem a possibilidade de ser responsabilizada politicamente por suas decisões. Não obstante, tal trabalho considera que a sindicabilidade judicial das Emendas à Constituição, sob o pretexto de proteção das cláusulas pétreas, representa em si a determinação de quem terá a última palavra sobre a interpretação da Constituição. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizou primordialmente a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica e o método de abordagem é classificado como dialético.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Constitucionalismo; Democracia; Emendas Constitucionais
Alterations in Heart Rate Variability Associated With Irritable Bowel Syndrome or Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sadowski Adam , Dunlap Corina , Lacombe Alison , Hanes Douglas
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are gastrointestinal pathologies affecting large numbers of the global population and incurring significant healthcare costs. Disruptions in the gut-brain axis occurring in these conditions can lead to increased inflammation, affecting gastrointestinal and autonomic nervous system function. Heart rate variability (HRV) is commonly used to assess the state of the sympathetic and parasympathetic function of the autonomic nervous system, but it remains unclear how HRV measures are associated with gastrointestinal pathologies. Here, we conduct a systematic review of the literature comparing HRV of subjects diagnosed with IBS or IBD to HRV in healthy controls (HC).

METHODS:

We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL (EBSCO) for eligible studies up to 2018. We included any study comparing a recognized measure of HRV between a group of patients with either IBS or IBD to a group of matched HC before any intervention. Studies were screened, and data were extracted from included articles using predefined criteria. Random effects meta-analysis was performed for each outcome, with effect size reported as the standardized mean difference.

RESULTS:

There were significant differences between IBD and HC in time domain HRV and significant decreases in high-frequency power measures were also noted, in both IBS and IBD compared with HC.

DISCUSSION:

Parasympathetic nervous system activity, represented through high-frequency power, seems to be lower in people with IBS and IBD, but conclusions are limited by the small number of studies that provide usable data, methodological heterogeneity, and high risks of bias in primary study methods and measures.
Physical Activity Promotion Attitudes and Practices Among Outpatient Physical Therapists: Results of a National Survey
Authors: Rethorn Zachary D. , Covington J. Kyle , Cook Chad E. , Bezner Janet R.
Published: December 2020

Background and Purpose:

Physical activity (PA) promotion delivered by physical therapists is effective. However, little is known about how much PA promotion is integrated into outpatient US physical therapist practice. The purpose of this study was to determine the current PA promotion practices and factors that influence those practices among outpatient US physical therapists.

Methods:

A sample of outpatient US physical therapists from the Academy of Orthopaedic Physical Therapy and American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) Geriatrics completed an adaptive online survey that included questions related to PA promotion practices and factors that influence those practices. We dichotomized levels of PA promotion as regular and irregular. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine what factors predicted regular PA promotion.

Results and Discussion:

A total of 522 individuals participated and 393 surveys were included in the analyses (75.3%). Most participants (58.5%) irregularly promoted PA and few reported always screening for patients' PA levels (12.7%). The strongest predictor of regularly promoting PA was screening for baseline PA (odds ratio = 5.07, 95% confidence interval = 2.23, 11.57). Physical therapists' own PA levels compared favorably to the US adult population and other health professionals and predicted PA promotion. Other factors related to capability, opportunity, and environment were predictors of PA promotion. Perceived lack of financial support from insurance companies, lack of support from clinical employers, and a perception of competing priorities were barriers to PA promotion. Despite being a public health priority, the majority of physical therapists surveyed infrequently screen for baseline PA and irregularly promote PA. Perceived financial barriers, lack of organizational support, and prioritizing other patient problems hinder PA promotion in the outpatient setting.

Conclusion:

Despite guidance from national and international governing bodies, US outpatient physical therapists do not regularly promote PA to patients and perceive financial constraints and competing priorities as key barriers. Professional and patient stakeholders should be involved in designing pathways to improve PA promotion practices among outpatient US physical therapists.
Effects of Hydration Educational Intervention in High School Football Players
Authors: Atkins Whitley C. , McDermott Brendon P. , Kanemura Koji , Adams J.D. , Kavouras Stavros A.
Published: December 2020

Atkins, WC, McDermott, BP, Kanemura, K, Adams, JD, and Kavouras, S. Effects of Hydration Educational Intervention in High School Football Players. J Strength Cond Res 35(2): 385–390, 2021—The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a one-time educational intervention (EI) on hydration behaviors, status, and knowledge. In a pre-test, post-test quasi-experimental design, 41 in-season American high school football players (16 ± 1 years) voluntarily participated. Teams were assigned to EI or no intervention (NI) groups. Educational intervention included a 5-minute presentation on hydration importance, self-assessment, urine-color charts, water bottles, and hydration status feedback. Baseline data included 24-hour fluid intake logs, urinalysis, and questionnaires. Data collection was repeated 3 and 24-days post-EI. Subjects provided urine samples and recorded fluid intake. Twenty-four hour mean fluid consumed (FC) and water consumed (WC) were calculated. Questionnaires quantified hydration knowledge. Significance was set a priori at p ≤ 0.05. Urine specific gravity was not significantly different at baseline (EI: 1.026 ± 0.006; NI: 1.023 ± 0.009; p = 0.118, confidence interval [CI] 95% [−0.001 to 008]), improved 3-days post-EI (EI: 1.017 ± 0.010; NI: 1.026 ± 0.007; p = 0.004, CI 95% [−0.015 to −0.003]), and was not different 24-days post-EI (EI: 1.021 ± 0.009; NI: 1.025 ± 0.007; p = 0.213, CI 95% [−0.008 to 002]) between groups. Three days post-EI, 24-hour WC increased significantly in the EI (EI: 888 ± 713 ml; t(19) = −5.685, p < 0.001, CI 95%: [−1,208.9 to −560.0]) but not NI (119 ± 583 ml; t(20) = −0.915, CI 95%: [−392.0 to 153.5]) and EI increased FC by 19%, whereas NI showed a 6% FC decrease. There were no significant group (F(1,19) = 0.025, p = 0.876,

= 0.001) or interaction effects for hydration knowledge (F(2,38) = 0.677, p = 0.514,

= 0.034). Educational intervention improved hydration status and behaviors despite no change in knowledge. Hydration education should be implemented and reinforced by team personnel as benefits to an EI are reduced at 24-days post-intervention.
The Effect of the Oral Contraceptive Cycle Phase on Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage After Eccentric Exercise in Resistance-Trained Women
Authors: Romero-Parra Nuria , Rael Beatriz , Alfaro-Magallanes Víctor M. , Janse de Jonge Xanne , Cupeiro Rocío , Peinado Ana B. ,   On Behalf of the IronFEMME Study Group
Published: December 2020

Romero-Parra, N, Rael, B, Alfaro-Magallanes, VM, Janse de Jonge, X, Cupeiro, R, and Peinado, AB; On Behalf of the IronFEMME Study Group. The effect of the oral contraceptive cycle phase on exercise-induced muscle damage after eccentric exercise in resistance-trained women. J Strength Cond Res 35(2): 353–359, 2021—To evaluate the influence of the active pill phase versus withdrawal phase of a monophasic oral contraceptive (OC) cycle on exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammation after eccentric resistance exercise. Eighteen resistance-trained female OC users (age: 25.6 ± 4.2 years, height: 162.4 ± 5.0 cm, and body mass: 58.1 ± 5.7 kg) performed an eccentric squat-based exercise during the active pill phase and withdrawal phase of their OC cycle. Muscle soreness, counter movement jump (CMJ), and blood markers of muscle damage and inflammation were evaluated before and postexercise (0, 2, 24, and 48 hours). Creatine kinase (CK) values were higher in the withdrawal (181.8 ± 89.8 U·L−1) than in the active pill phase (144.0 ± 39.7 U·L−1) (p < 0.001). The highest CK concentrations and muscle soreness values were observed 24 hours postexercise (217.9 ± 117.5 U·L−1 and 44.7 ± 19.7, respectively) compared with baseline (115.3 ± 37.4 U·L−1 and 4.4 ± 9.2, respectively; p < 0.001). In addition, a decrease in CMJ immediately postexercise (20.23 ± 4.6 cm) was observed in comparison with baseline (24.2 ± 6.1 cm), which was not yet recovered 24 hours postexercise (21.9 ± 5.9 cm; p < 0.001). No other phase or time effects were observed. An eccentric squat-based exercise session elicits muscle damage but no inflammation response in resistance-trained women. Furthermore, the highest CK concentrations observed in the withdrawal phase suggest that this phase might be more vulnerable to muscle damage and, therefore, less adequate to administer high training loads. However, the lack of differences in other muscle damage variables between OC phases does not warrant any guidance on the active pill versus withdrawal phase.
Effects of Different Loading Conditions During Resisted Sprint Training on Sprint Performance
Authors: Rodríguez-Rosell David , Sáez de Villarreal Eduardo , Mora-Custodio Ricardo , Asián-Clemente José Antonio , Bachero-Mena Beatriz , Loturco Irineu , Pareja-Blanco Fernando
Published: December 2020

Rodríguez-Rosell, D, Sáez de Villarreal, E, Mora-Custodio, R, Asián-Clemente, JA, Bachero-Mena, B, Loturco, I, and Pareja-Blanco, F. Effects of different loading conditions during resisted sprint training on sprint performance. J Strength Cond Res 36(10): 2725–2732, 2022—The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 5 loading conditions (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80% of body mass [BM]) during weighted sled sprint training on unresisted and resisted sprint performance and jump ability. Sixty physically active men were randomly assigned into 5 groups according to the overload used during sled sprint training: 0% (G0%, n = 12), 20% (G20%, n = 12), 40% (G40%, n = 12), 60% (G60%, n = 12), and 80% BM (G80%, n = 12). Pretraining and post-training assessments included: countermovement jump (CMJ), 30-m sprint without extra load, and 20-m sprint with 20, 40, 60, and 80% BM. All 5 experimental groups trained once a week for a period of 8 weeks completing the same training program (number of sessions, number of bouts, running distance in each sprint, rest intervals between repetitions, and total running distance), but with different sled loads (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80% BM). There was a significant “time × group” interaction for resisted sprint performance at 80% BM condition, where the G40% group attained improvements in performance and G80% worsened. Moreover, G40% increased performance in unresisted and the rest of loading conditions. In addition, G0% and G60% showed statistically significant increases in unresisted sprint performance. No relevant changes were observed in the other experimental groups. All groups showed significant improvements (p < 0.05–0.001) in CMJ height. Therefore, our findings suggest that resisted sprint training with moderate loads (i.e., 40% BM) may have a positive effect on unresisted and resisted sprint performance.
Acute Cardiopulmonary Response to Interval and Continuous Exercise in Older Adults: A Randomized Crossover Study
Authors: Linares Andrea M. , Goncin Nikola , Stuckey Melanie , Burgomaster Kirsten A. , Dogra Shilpa
Published: December 2020

Linares, AM, Goncin, N, Stuckey, M, Burgomaster, KA, and Dogra, S. Acute cardiopulmonary response to interval and continuous exercise in older adults: a randomized crossover study. J Strength Cond Res 36(10): 2920–2926, 2022—The purpose of this study was to compare the cardiopulmonary response with different exercise protocols in healthy older adults. Subjects (n = 30; 15 women, age: 69.6 ± 6.2 years) completed an exercise test (MAX) on a cycle ergometer to determine maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o
2max) and peak power output (PPO). Exercise sessions were randomized: high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE, 1 minute 90% PPO followed by 1 minute 10% PPO, ×10), moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MOD, 20 minutes at 50% PPO), and sprint-interval exercise (SPRT, 20 seconds “all-out” sprints followed by 2 minutes at 50 W, ×3). V̇o
2max was highest during MAX in men (MAX: 28.2 ± 6.3; MOD: 22.6 ± 4.5; HIIE: 26.7 ± 5.7; SPRT: 26.0 ± 4.3; F(2.1) = 28.6, p = 0.0001,

= 0.67), whereas similar peaks were observed between HIIE, SPRT, and MAX in women (MAX: 21.9 ± 6.1; MOD: 18.9 ± 4.5; HIIE: 21.6 ± 5.3; SPRT: 21.7 ± 3.9; F(2.2) = 10.2, p = 0.0001,

= 0.42). The peak heart rate (b·min−1) was similar across all exercise sessions in both men (MAX: 148.1 ± 17.1; MOD: 132.6 ± 21.8; HIIE: 144.9 ± 16.6; SPRT: 148.6 ± 14.2; F(1.9) = 9.1, p = 0.001,

= 0.41) and women (MAX: 148.1 ± 13.1; MOD: 136.3 ± 18.2; HIIE: 147.0 ± 16.4; SPRT: 148.5 ± 18.0; F(2.0) = 5.3, p = 0.011,

= 0.27). The %V̇o
2 at which sessions were performed varied significantly across individual subjects. In conclusion, older women work at near maximal V̇o
2 when performing HIIE and SPRT; this has implications for exercise testing and prescription protocols in older adults.
Elite Soccer Players Do Not Cover Less Distance in the Second Half of the Matches When Game Interruptions Are Considered
Authors: Rey Ezequiel , Kalén Anton , Lorenzo-Martínez Miguel , López-Del Campo Roberto , Nevado-Garrosa Fabio , Lago-Peñas Carlos
Published: December 2020

Rey, E, Kalén, A, Lorenzo-Martínez, M, López-Del Campo, R, Nevado-Garrosa, F, and Lago-Peñas, C. Elite soccer players do not cover less distance in the second half of the matches when game interruptions are considered. J Strength Cond Res 38(4): 709–713, 2024—This study aimed to analyze quantitative differences in the physical demands of male elite soccer players between the first and second halves during official matches, accounting for effective playing time (the duration of play after subtracting the game interruptions) and playing positions. A total of 4,249 individual match observations of 412 outfield players competing in the Spanish first division league (LaLiga) were undertaken during the 2018–2019 season, using a computerized tracking system (TRACAB, Chyronhego, New York, NY). The players were classified into 5 positional roles: central defenders (CD), external defenders (ED), central midfielders (CM), external midfielders (EM), and forwards (F). The main results showed that in contrast to those observed when total playing time was considered, independent of playing position, there were no significant differences on high-speed running (HSR) (5.5 ± 2.4 vs. 5.5 ± 2.4 m·min−1) and sprint (5.3 ± 3.3 vs. 5.4 ± 3.3 m·min−1) distances between the first and second halves in professional soccer players when the effective playing time was considered. However, differences in match running performance at HSR and sprint distances between the first and second halves were dependent on players' playing position. Whereas ED and EM maintained HSR and sprint efforts during the second half, CD and CM significantly increased (p < 0.001) the distance covered at sprint during the second period of the match. Contrarily, F were unable to maintain their HSR (6.2 ± 2.3 vs. 5.9 ± 3.3 m·min−1) and sprint (7.0 ± 3.5 vs. 6.5 ± 3.4 m·min−1) match running performances during the second half. Such findings demonstrate that total playing time could overestimate fatigue-induced performance declines. Thus, effective playing time and playing position should be taken into account when interpreting the match running performance of professional soccer players.