bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Blockchain Integration Patterns to Ensure Data Integrity in the Health Care Industry
Authors: Gulati Kamal , Khare Ankit , Sumathy B. , Mamgain Pradeep , Arnoldovich Snitser Anatoly , Arkadyevna Zakharyan Elena
Published: February 2022

Security is crucial in the healthcare industry. Between 2012 and 2019, almost 179 million health records were exposed to data breaches. The intruders got into homes and companies to take credit card and banking information, as well as health and genetic research data. Blockchain is a fantastic technology for applications in the area of protection because it can keep an incorruptible, decentralized, and open record of all patient data. It is, nevertheless, secure and keeps any person's identity hidden. When dealing with decentralized technology, patients, doctors, and hospital personnel may all share the same information. On a blockchain, the cost of verifying a single transaction is negligible. You can audit a single piece of data in real time, and it's entirely visible to everyone. As a result, costless verification is economically possible. Recent audits of healthcare data, for example, have necessitated the time-consuming and costly examination of tiny units of transactions. This procedure had to be interrupted and redone on a frequent basis prior to blockchains in order to comply with regulations. Compared to traditional healthcare information management solutions, blockchain provides five potential benefits. Blockchains are ideal for decentralized administration applications, such as when hospitals, consumers, and payers want to work together without the need for a middleman. The second advantage of blockchains is that they may offer immutable archives of sensitive data, which makes them ideal for static databases (e.g., insurance claim records). Blockchains are very useful for tracing the origins and histories of digital artifacts (e.g., patient consent in clinical trials). According to cryptographic protocols, changing the ownership of an item can only be done by the person who owns it. Furthermore, the attributes' origins may be traced, making previously confirmed evidence considerably more reusable. The fourth advantage of blockchains is that they ensure the longevity, consistency, and accessibility of records. As a result, they're perfect for long-term records storage and availability (e.g., the electronic health records of patients). Patients' personal keys encrypt the data, which is only accessible with their consent, making it safer and more private. There is no method to access personal information even if the network is hacked by a hostile entity.
A Survey on the Problems Faced by Patients Undergoing Dental Implants during Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors: Srigopika T. , Premavathy Dinesh
Published: February 2022

Aim: To analyse the problems faced by patients with dental implants during the pandemic.

Introduction: Dental implants have been used for a long time in the dental field and continue to dominate the field. Due to this reason, a huge amount of people go for dental implants. However, they have their own drawbacks and this is worsened by the coronavirus pandemic. Patients are unable to reach their dentist in person which sometimes leads to complications. This study hopes to shed more light on the different types of problems faced by patients with dental implants, especially during this pandemic.

Materials and Methods: This study had a sample size of 100 and data was collected using an online questionnaire with a total of 11 questions. The statistical method used to analyse data is SPSS software version 23.

Results: Some of the responses had significant p- values (of 0.001 and 0.101) whereas the others did not.

Conclusion: By the end of the study, it was concluded that most patients with dental implants underwent a lot of problems during the covid pandemic.
Study of Clinical Profile and Association of Migraine with Dyslipidemia
Authors: Giri Anamika , Acharya Sourya , Kumar Sunil , Bakre Anand
Published: February 2022

Background: Headache is common neurological problem experienced by ninety percent of the subjects globally. Prevalence of primary headache, mostly due to migraine, is ten to fifteen percent among the subjects worldwide and is the most disabling amongst the primary headache syndromes. This study intends to find out the clinical profile of migraine and investigate its association with dyslipidemia Also it will assess the effect of dyslipidemia on migraine’s severity, frequency and intensity.

Methods: This Observational Cross sectional study will be conducted at AVBRH, Wardha. Routine clinical and biochemical tests, lipid profile, and neuroimaging of the patients will be carried out. Lipid profile parameters will be compared with migraine severity.

Expected Results: A positive correlation is expected between the frequency, severity, and intensity in attacks of migraine.

Conclusion: Aderanged lipid profile have profound effect on migraine attacks. The severity of intensity is aggravated in cases of deranged lipid profile.
Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Medicinal Plant, Pedalium murex L and Evaluation of its Antibacterial Activity against Selected Pathogens
Authors: Sivaranjani S. , Revathi K. , Josephine A. , Kaleeswaran B. , Lakshmanan G. , Ramadevi S.
Published: February 2022

Silver nanoparticles play an important role in controlling mosquito population as well as multidrug resistant pathogens. An aqueous extract of Pedalium murex L. was used for the synthesis of silver (Ag) nanoparticles and its antibacterial activity. The green synthesis of nanoparticles in plants is cost-effective and eco-friendly approach. To identify the compounds responsible for the reduction of silver ions, the functional groups present in plant extract were investigated by Fourier Transformation Infra Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and characterization of nanoparticles was done using standard analytical methods. UV-visible spectrum of the aqueous medium containing silver nanoparticles showed absorption peak at around 350-600 nm. The compounds observed from FT-IR spectra are correlated with the reduction and capping material of silver nanoparticles. The observed results suggested that the bioactive compounds present in Pedalium murexL, was found to exhibit a significant inhibitory activity against selected pathogens.
Coconut Water: A Review on Its Health Benefits, Pharmacological Properties and Traditional Uses
Authors: Nishtha . , Sonia .
Published: February 2022

Coconut water is an ancient tropical drink used since over a thousand years ago and has long been a symbol of religious culture. Internationally, the popularity of coconut water is increasing every day. it is a sterile, pure, sweet, and refreshing liquid. Coconut water is rich in nutrients, has natural hydrating qualities and is good for health. All its parts are used in some form in the daily lives of the people who live in traditional coconut growing regions. It is low in fat and calories, and is rich in antioxidants, vitamins and proteins, potassium, and chloride, and contains natural sugars. It is good for the body and can also be used for skin and hair care because it is an excellent source of natural moisture. Coconut fruit is unique source of various natural products to produce medicines against many diseases. Its fruit constituents, such as the mature coconuts and sweet coconut water, offer several pharmacological characteristics, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory capabilities. Therefore, this review summarizes the health benefits and various uses of coconut water.
Tooth Mobility Pattern in Periodontitis Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Muthukumar Aarthi , Jeevitha M. , Jayaraman Selvaraj , Kumar M. Naveen
Published: February 2022

Background: Tooth mobility may be a common problem among patients seeking dental treatment. Tooth mobility is defined as an extent of horizontal and vertical tooth displacement created by external forces, trauma and periodontal diseases.

Aim: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the pattern of tooth mobility in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Study design: Retrospective study

Materials and methods: The case sheet records ( DIAS data ) of tooth mobility in diabetic patients were extracted. A total of 1568 case sheets were analysed for the study. Age, gender and pattern of tooth mobility with respect to the region were collected and statistically analysed using SPSS statistical software. Descriptive statistics (percentage, mean, SD) and inferential test (Chi square test) were performed to determine the association between age, gender and region of tooth mobility in diabetes mellitus patients.

Results:  Results showed that tooth mobility was more common among males when compared to females. According to age, patients between 41 to 50 years with diabetes mellitus were more affected by tooth mobility. Tooth mobility was more commonly seen in the mandibular anterior region.

Conclusion: The present study showed a possible relationship between diabetes mellitus and tooth mobility. Results showed that 80% of patients with diabetes mellitus had tooth mobility. Therefore, early diagnosis, preventive therapeutic measures and oral hygiene reinforcement is needed to prevent progression of periodontal disease leading to tooth mobility.
Comparative Efficacy of Knotless (Polyglyconate) Over Conventional (Poliglecaprone 25) Suture as a Wound Closure Material in Mandibular Impacted third Molar Surgery (MI3M)
Authors: Agrawal Pooja , Jadhav Anendd
Published: February 2022

Background: The third molar surgery is the most commonly practised minor oral surgery in dental clinic. Post-operatively the patient suffers from pain, swelling and trismus due to tissue injury during surgical procedure. After extraction of third molar, conventional sutures are used for primary closure of the wound. During the procedure the clinician get difficulties intra-orally related to knot placement, limitation of instrument accessibility and knot slippage. Barbed sutures are the knotless suture which help in adhering the tissue while suturing.

Objectives: The primary focus of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of knotless suture as a wound closure agent in terms of post-operative pain, swelling, trismus, degree of wound healing and quality of life over the conventional one.

Methodology: Two groups (study & control) with 20 individuals as subjects are considered for the study model. Systemically healthy individual with presence of at least one mesioangular or horizontal or vertically oriented mandibular impacted third molar(MI3M) with similar difficulty index, depth of, and relationship with ramus will be included in the study sample. Wound closure would be achieved by using 3-0 knotless suture using continuous sub-cuticular suturing technique for the study group and 3-0 conventional suture using simple interrupted suturing technique for control group respectively. Post-operatively measurement of pain, swelling, trismus, degree of wound healing and quality of life will be done.

Expected Results: Knotless suture for closure of wound after MI3M surgery will be effective in reducing post-operative pain, edema and trismus and also helpful in better wound healing and improve quality of life.

Conclusion: Use of knotless barbed suture after surgical removal of lower impacted third molar to simplify intra-oral suturing technique and to reduce post-operative pain, swelling, trimus and knot related complications would be a familiar and effective way which could be executed by a dental practitioner himself.
A Study on Branching Pattern of Branches of Middle Meningeal Artery Based on Meningeal Grooves Present in the Cranial Cavity in South Indian Dry Skulls
Authors: Sushmitha . , Premavathy Dinesh
Published: February 2022

Aim: To study the branching pattern of branches of the middle meningeal artery based on meningeal grooves present in the cranial cavity.

Introduction: Middle meningeal artery is the major human dural artery. It is a neurologically very important artery for treatment and study of various neural health problems. Its origin and course can vary a lot in relation with embryological development. Complex sequences of MMA gives many opportunities for variant anatomy. It is clinically very important.

Materials and Methods: In this study we decided to investigate the anatomical organisation of the MMA, its branching pattern by taking south indian human dry skulls (N=30). It can be easily traced next to foramen spinosum. The statistical analysis was performed using the t-test calculator.

Results: Most of the skulls had its middle branch of MMA from the anterior branch. There were many variations observed in the branching pattern.

Conclusion: The branching pattern had many anatomical variations, which differed from one skull to another. The future scope of this study is to analyse skulls of people from different ethnical groups, observe the variations and trace the correlations.
A Review on Oxadiazoles as a Pharmacologically Active Nucleus
Authors: Singh Akash Kumar , Ilango K.
Published: February 2022

The structure of the oxadiazole skeleton is a biologically and biochemically active nucleus that has a multiple number of biological activities. The oxadiazole structure is a five-membered aromatic ring that has been used in numerous studies and molecules synthesised in laboratories. The principle structure of the Oxadiazole ring with a pair of Pyridine-type nitrogen atoms has been confirmed to be valuable for Oxadiazole analogues for having efficacious protein interactions with a large number of enzyme proteins and receptor proteins present in the organ system of the human body through different types of interactions, like Vander Wall interactions, thereby producing a huge variety of biological activities or pharmacological properties. Due to the variety in the pharmacological activity of Oxadiazole and their derivatives and analogues, they have been termed as one of the important pharmacological aspects to study. Multiple numbers of oxadiazole related synthetic compounds possessing high potent action and therapeutic activity are being widely incorporated for treatment and management of multiple diseases and disorders, giving immeasurable progression and establishment value. Oxadiazole derivatives express a multiple number of pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antifungal, antipyretic, antidepressant, anti-tubercular, anticonvulsant, anticholinesterase, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antitumor/anticancer, anti-HIV, antioxidant, etc. The history of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole is also very interesting. It shows that it attracted many chemists, researchers, and scientists to explore the Oxadiazole nucleus as a biologically active molecule having promising potency. This review article mainly focuses on the pharmacological profile of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole with various activities and examples (in the form of figures and structures). Expectations are that this article will be like a path showing torch to help and serve as guidance for new innovations/ideas along the progression of research for the evolution of more active/potent and less poisonous/toxic Oxadiazole-based derivatives.
Benefit of Early and Goal Directed Physiotherapy Intervention on Gross Motor Function in a Child with Japanese Encephalitis: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Kale Riya , Kovela Rakesh Krishna , Qureshi Mohammed Irshad , Dadgal Ragini , Timothy Rebecca , Samal Snehal
Published: February 2022

Due to its widening geographical range, Japanese encephalitis (JE) has lately been named a notifiable disease in India. The disease notification makes it easier to put preventive measures in place and manage cases. JE is a vector-borne disease that is preventable with vaccination. The virus that causes it is the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), which belongs to the Flaviviridae family. The present case report is of an infant of 18 months old presented with problems of decreased tone, loss of developmental achieved milestones and convulsions with severe fever. On examination there was hypotonia, lack on neck control, difficulty in rolling, low pitch cry and smile. We managed the child with standard physiotherapy protocol. We framed goals focusing both on preventing complications and promoting recovery. We gave treatment for a period of 4 weeks. We measured Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and Gross motor function measure (GMFM-88) Pre and post treatment. We would like conclude our case report by mentioning the importance early and goal specific supportive and restorative care to a child will enable him or her to take more vigorous physiotherapy care in future for restoring sensorimotor and behavioral function.
Acute Kidney Injury after Ureteral Obstruction Due to Signet Ring Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Bladder
Authors: Khalid Waqas Ahmad , Gorsi Naqash Siddique , Shehzadi Iram
Published: February 2022

Background and Objectives: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) due to bilateral ureteral obstruction in older patients typically raises concerns of abdominal, retroperitoneal, or pelvic neoplasms. Aim of the present paper is to analyse the acute kidney injury after ureteral obstruction due to signet ring cell adenocarcinoma of the bladder.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive clinical study was conducted in Lahore General Hospital, Lahore during January 2019 to November 2019. The data was collected from 10 patients of age range 40 to 60 years. This data include mainly male patients. These selected patients started with hematuria complaint, associated with left flank pain of intensity 8/10 and abrupt onset during his work.

Results: The data was collected from 10 patients of AKI after Ureteral Obstruction Due to Signet Ring Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Bladder. The mean age of the patients was 56.56±8.46 years. The BMI of the selected patients was 24.31±2.26 kg/m2 and all basic values are presented in table 01.

Conclusion: It is concluded that adenocarcinoma is a rare type of bladder cancer, with the subtype signet ring cell adenocarcinoma even rarer.
Reduction of Noise Pollution with the Help of Roadside Collections in Coimbatore and Surroundings
Authors: Sugumaran M. P. , Goveanthan A. S. , Balasubramanian G. , Prasantharajan M. , Sivaranjani C.
Published: February 2022

Noise is the excessive and unwarranted sound that creates discomposure to human beings and abruptly disrupts the quality of the environment. The noise is magnified by the intensity of the sound produced at a particular place and is measured in decibels (dB). The noise pollution is mainly caused by the transportation of road, rail, airways and industrial activities. Increased growth and development of the cities marks the predominant source for the road travel of the people. The road traffic in main cities becomes part and parcel of life because everyone contributes to the self and development of society as a growing concern for the community. Green energy usually absorbs and disintegrates the excess noise and air pollutants that divine has given us through green belts. Therefore, the green belts helps in the natural source of noise and air pollutant reduction. The potentialities of the greenbelts are laid along the road-sides have been assessed in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu at various selected places. Reduction of noise level was achieved up to 14 dB under the green belt area while compared to the open area. An area with a higher crown density demonstrated a lower noise level than the area with a lower crown density.
Engaging learners by tracing and summarizing in a computer‐based environment
Authors: Zuo Genmei , Lin Lijia
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the experiment was to investigate whether using the summarizing strategy can further engage learners in a computer‐based environment where different forms of finger tracing were incorporated. One hundred and fifty‐six university students were randomly assigned to one of six conditions formed by a 3 (hand tracing vs. observing tracing vs. no tracing) × 2 (summarizing vs. no summarizing) factorial design. Results revealed that using the summarizing strategy led to better retention than not using the strategy, but the effect disappeared on transfer. Moreover, individuals in the observing tracing condition had significantly higher ratings on perceived interest and germane cognitive load than their peers in other conditions. These findings, as well as the limitations and future directions, were discussed within the engagement framework, social agency theory, and cognitive load theory.
The effect of hint strength on the benefits of retrieval practice
Authors: Vaughn Kalif E. , Fitzgerald Grant , Hood Dasia , Migneault Karlee , Krummen Kelly
Published: February 2022

Recent work has shown that retrieval hints can make test trials more enjoyable without sacrificing learning. We investigated the extent to which this effect was moderated by hint strength. Both experiments utilized a within‐participants design. In Experiment 1 (n = 41), participants studied skeletal charts highlighting a bone region. After study, participants received one test trial with either consonants‐only (e.g., _cc_p_t_l), vowels‐only (e.g., o__i_i_a_), or no hint (e.g., _________). Retrieval latencies were fastest for the consonants‐only items, suggesting they provided the strongest hints. Although the consonants‐only trial produced the worst final test performance, participants rated that trial as the most effective, the most fun, and the trial they would use from now on. Experiment 2 (n = 32) replicated and extended these results using a criterion learning paradigm. These experiments show that participants prefer extremely strong hints during test trials, even when such hints impair performance.
Stanford‐Lancet opioid commission report: Blaming pharma and finding solutions
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: February 2022

In a 50‐page report on the opioid crisis in the United States published in The Lancet last week, Keith Humphreys, Ph.D., and colleagues document the missteps that led to the current overdose problem and make clear suggestions for changes that can be made now.
Pa. courts' exclusion of methadone and buprenorphine violates ADA: DOJ
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: February 2022

Numerous county courts under Pennsylvania's Unified Judicial System are violating the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) by limiting or denying access to medications for opioid use disorder (OUD), the U.S. Department of Justice concluded earlier this month. Advocates for individuals under justice supervision consider this investigation highly significant because it appears to mark the first time federal officials have concluded that a state's entire court system stands in violation of the ADA.
Bioinspired Electron Polarization of Nanozymes with a Human Self‐Generated Electric Field for Cancer Catalytic Therapy
Authors: Yao Shuncheng , Zhao Xinyang , Wang Xueyu , Huang Tian , Ding Yiming , Zhang Jiaming , Zhang Zeyu , Wang Zhong Lin , Li Linlin
Published: February 2022

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production efficiencies of the nanocatalysts are highly desired for cancer therapy, but currently the ROS generation efficiency is still far from defecting the tumors. Therefore, improving their ROS generation ability is highly desirable for cancer therapy. Herein, inspired by the electrostatic preorganization effect during the catalysis of natural protein enzymes, a human self‐driven catalysis‐promoting system, TENG‐CatSystem is developed, to improve catalytic cancer therapy. The TENG‐CatSystem is mainly composed of three elements: a human self‐driven triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) as the electric field stimulator to provide electric pulses with high biosafety, a nanozyme comprising a 1D ferriporphyrin covalent organic framework coated on a carbon nanotube (COF‐CNT) to generate ROS, and a COF‐CNT‐embedded conductive hydrogel that can be injected into the tumor tissues to increase local accumulation of COF‐CNT and decrease the electrical impedances of tissues. Under the human self‐generated electric field provided by the wearable TENG, the peroxidase‐like activity of the COF‐CNT is fourfold higher than that without an electric field. Highly malignant 4T1 breast carcinoma in mice is significantly suppressed using the TENG‐CatSystem. The human self‐driven TENG‐CatSystem not only demonstrates high catalytic ROS generation efficiency for improved cancer therapy, but also offers a new therapeutic mode for self‐driven at‐home therapy.
On‐Demand Circularly Polarized Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence in Chiral Nematic Nanoporous Silica Films
Authors: Zhang Dan , Zheng Hongzhi , Ma Xiaoting , Su Lina , Gao Xiaoqing , Tang Zhiyong , Xu Yan
Published: February 2022

Circularly polarized room‐temperature phosphorescence (CPRTP) is of paramount importance for applications in information encoding, bioimaging, and optoelectronic devices, however, it remains challenging to organize highly efficient CPRTP materials with controlled handedness and long afterglow. Herein, as an outstanding novel finding, it is diclosed that ultralong CPRTP with on‐demand chiroptical properties is simple to realize using the earth‐abundant cellulose and silica. It is shown that left‐handed chiral nematic nanoporous silica films featuring defect photoluminescence enable ultralong CPRTP with an unprecedented control of the handedness. This work presents that the chiral nematic nanoporous silica films display right‐handed CPRTP and left‐handed CPRTP with the phosphorescence dissymmetry factors up to −0.130 and 0.093 as well as the afterglow lifetimes of 1.094 and 0.949 s, respectively. The potential of the transparent chiral nematic nanoporous silica films, capable of ultralong CPRTP and selective reflection of left‐handed circularly polarized light, for the development of anticounterfeiting optical labels is showcased. This work presents a versatile strategy and a step toward the development of ultralong CPRTP materials with on‐demand chiroptical properties from readily available defect phosphors for photonic applications.
UV and Visible Photodetectors of MAPbBr3 and MAPbCl3 Perovskite Single Crystals via Single Photocarrier Transport Design
Authors: Jung Hye Ri , Cho Yunae , Jo William
Published: February 2022

Understanding photogenerated charge transport is critical to further improving the performance of perovskite‐based devices. In this study, the low‐defect perovskite CH3NH3PbX3 (X = Br or Cl) single crystals, which are an ideal platform for high‐quality optoelectronic devices, are fabricated to examine characteristics of photodetectors with electrodes with Au or Ag, and interlayer of TiO2. The transport mechanism of the photogenerated carriers in each device is elucidated by analysis of the current density–voltage curves under dark or a 405 nm of super‐bandgap illumination or a 640 nm of sub‐bandgap illumination. The photocurrent under the 405 nm illumination is improved under the hole‐dominant Au‐device of p‐type bromide crystals and the electron‐dominant Ag‐device of n‐type chloride crystals. The defect‐assisted excitation under 640 nm illumination is associated with generation of the holes with the defects located near the conduction band or the electrons with the valence band in each perovskite materials. With this conception, the responsivity of 0.07 A W−1, specific detectivity over 1011 Jones, and external quantum efficiency around 16% are obtained in the best performing devices. The present results suggest a promising strategy for designing efficient photodetectors using photogenerated and trap‐assisted photocarriers that contribute to enhanced photocurrent.
A Fully Self‐Powered Cholesteric Smart Window Actuated by Droplet‐Based Electricity Generator
Authors: Li Yuchao , Wang Mingmei , Zhang Chao , Wang Chun‐Chuan , Xu Wanghuai , Gao Shouwei , Zhou Yongsen , Wang Chun‐Ta , Wang Zuankai
Published: February 2022

Self‐powered smart windows are highly attractive for the development of energy‐efficient buildings system, owing to their superior capacities in regulating the energy and information exchange between indoor and outdoor environments. Although immense achievement has been made in the self‐powered cholesteric liquid crystal smart window (CLC‐SW) based on triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), such a self‐powered manner is limited by some challenges such as the need of the continuous input of external forces, as well as unstable performance owing to inevitable mechanical abrasion of TENGs surface. Here, a fully self‐powered CLC‐SW is developed by leveraging droplet‐based electricity generator (DEG) as a spontaneous and sustained energy reservoir, in which DEG has superior capacities to harvest ceaseless energy from ambient environment and circumvent any additional electrical power input. It is demonstrated that DEG‐driven CLC‐SW exhibits a rapid response and high tunability in the transformation between the transparent state and the hazy state in a wide range of solar spectrum. Moreover, both the transparent and hazy modes can be self‐sustained for a long time, also be reversibly switched by the gentle mechanical pressure loading. The DEG‐driven smart window developed in this work can find applications such as indoor temperature modulation and privacy information protection.
Homeotropic Concentric Helix Orientations in Chiral Nematic Cellulose Nanocrystal Films by Local Magnetic Fields
Authors: Li Ping , Li Li , Jeong Ki‐Jae , Yu Xiao , Yu Xu , Xu Yan
Published: February 2022

Many fascinating device applications of chiral nematic materials are determined by their helical axis orientations. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) self‐assemble producing left‐handed chiral nematic films with predominant planar textures. While varied techniques have been exploited to tune the helical axis orientations, it remains challenging to produce concentrically aligned chiral nematic state. Herein, the authors report novel findings that left‐handed chiral nematic CNC films formed with homeotropic concentric helix orientations in the planar textures can be realized by local radial magnetic field‐directed self‐assembly of CNCs. These chiral nematic CNC films display left‐handed circular polarization patterns and transform spontaneous luminescence to right‐handed circularly polarized luminescence on both film plane and lateral surfaces owing to the underlying photonic bandgaps. These plane‐lateral chiroptical properties can be tuned simultaneously from the visible to the near‐infrared spectral regime. Their work presents a step towards the development of self‐organized chiroptical materials encoded with complex polarization features for photonic applications.
Cubine Monolayer as a Super Sensor for NO2 Molecule Detection and Capture
Authors: Lin Jiayang , Yang Dongdong , Huang Shiming , Chen Xin , Wang Xianglong , Zhang Yifan , Xiao Beibei , Jiang Xiaobao
Published: February 2022

In this work, the potential application of cubine monolayer as a highly sensitive sensor for the detection and capture of toxic gas molecule NO2 is investigated by employing density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Eight gas molecules, namely CO, CO2, CH4, H2S, SO2, NH3, NO, and NO2 are considered. After examining the adsorption energy, adsorption distance, variation of bond length and Mulliken charge, the results show that only NO2 molecule present chemical adsorption on cubine monolayer. The calculated work functions and I–V curves indicate that cubine has the highest sensitivity to NO2 molecules. The adsorption energies decrease following the increase of strain in both A and B directions, when the strain along the A direction reaches 12%, the adsorption energy decreases to −0.686 eV, which shows physical adsorption. This provides a desorption strategy for recycling. The calculations employed in this work indicate that the cubine monolayer can be a prominent candidate for the application of a super sensor to detect and capture NO2 toxic gas molecules.
An Optimization Approach for Improving Comprehensive Performance of PHET Based on Evolutionary Many‐Objective Optimization
Authors: Chai Hua , Zhao Xuan , Yu Qiang , Han Qi , Zheng Zichen
Published: February 2022

The parameter optimization coupled with the control strategy and target driving cycle directly affects the performance of vehicles. This paper proposes an optimization approach for a plug‐in hybrid electric truck (PHET), which considers comprehensive performances including fuel economy, emissions, vehicle drivability, safety, and dynamics. First, 10 initial design parameters are selected from powertrain components and a real‐time energy management strategy (EMS). Then, a definitive screening design (DSD) is proposed to simplify the design parameters. Finally, non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm‐III (NSGA‐III) is proposed to solve a constrained many‐objective optimization problem with 9 objectives, and the design space is refined through a sensitivity analysis. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed optimization approach can achieve significant improvements regarding both the comprehensive performances, power repartition, and system efficiency. The simulation is conducted both on Chinese Heavy‐Duty Commercial Vehicle Test Cycle (CHTC) and Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule for Heavy‐Duty Vehicles (UDDSHDV). In addition, to guide a decision maker (DM) to make trade‐offs among many objectives, preferences are also incorporated into the solutions.
Designing Magnetism in High Entropy Oxides
Authors: Mazza Alessandro R. , Skoropata Elizabeth , Sharma Yogesh , Lapano Jason , Heitmann Thomas W. , Musico Brianna L. , Keppens Veerle , Gai Zheng , Freeland John W. , Charlton Timothy R. , Brahlek Matthew , Moreo Adriana , Dagotto Elbio , Ward Thomas Z.
Published: February 2022

In magnetic systems, spin and exchange disorder can provide access to quantum criticality, frustration, and spin dynamics, but broad tunability of these responses and a deeper understanding of strong limit disorder are lacking. Here, it is demonstrated that high entropy oxides present a previously unexplored route to designing materials in which the presence of strong local compositional disorder may be exploited to generate tunable magnetic behaviors—from macroscopically ordered states to frustration‐driven dynamic spin interactions. Single‐crystal La(Cr0.2Mn0.2Fe0.2Co0.2Ni0.2)O3 films are used as a model system hosting a magnetic sublattice with a high degree of microstate disorder in the form of site‐to‐site spin and exchange type inhomogeneity. A classical Heisenberg model simplified to represent the highest probability microstates well describes how compositionally disordered systems can paradoxically host magnetic uniformity and demonstrates a path toward continuous control over ordering types and critical temperatures. Model‐predicted materials are synthesized and found to possess an incipient quantum critical point when magnetic ordering types are designed to be in direct competition, this leads to highly controllable exchange bias behaviors previously accessible only in intentionally designed bilayer heterojunctions.
Reversible Redox Chemistry in Pyrrolidinium‐Based TEMPO Radical and Extended Viologen for High‐Voltage and Long‐Life Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Pan Mingguang , Gao Liuzhou , Liang Junchuan , Zhang Pengbo , Lu Shuyu , Lu Yan , Ma Jing , Jin Zhong
Published: February 2022

Aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) are regarded as a promising candidate for grid‐scale, low‐cost and sustainable energy storage. However, their performance is restricted by low aqueous solubility and the narrow potential gap of the organic redox‐active species. Herein, a highly‐soluble organic redox pair based on pyrrolidinium cation functionalized TEMPO and extended viologen, namely Pyr‐TEMPO and [PyrPV]Cl4, which exhibits high cell voltage (1.57 V) and long cycling life (over 1000 cycles) in AORFBs is reported. The intrinsic hydrophilic nature of the pyrrolidinium group enables high aqueous solubilities (over 3.35 m for Pyr‐TEMPO and 1.13 m for [PyrPV]Cl4). Furthermore, the interaction of nitroxyl radicals with water is observed, which may be helpful to prevent collision‐induced side reactions or structure decomposition. Notably, the assembled AORFBs realize a high energy density of 16.8 Wh L‐1 and a peak power density of 317 mW cm‐2. The evidence is provided to clarify the capacity degradation mechanism of TEMPO/viologen AORFB systems by a series of comprehensive characterizations. Furthermore, the reversible consumption and re‐generation of the nitroxyl radicals upon charging and discharging are well understood. This work presents effective electrochemical and spectroscopic approaches to clarify the redox chemistry and capacity degradation mechanism of radical incorporating AORFB systems.
Activity of decitabine as maintenance therapy in core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Senapati Jayastu , Shoukier Mahran , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Wang Xuemei , Patel Keyur , Kadia Tapan , Ravandi Farhad , Pemmaraju Naveen , Ohanian Maro , Daver Naval , DiNardo Courtney , Alvarado Yesid , Aldrich Jeffrey , Borthakur Gautam
Published: February 2022

Background

Posttherapy measurable residual disease (MRD) positivity in core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia (CBF‐AML) is associated with shorter relapse‐free survival (RFS). Elimination of MRD measured via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR) for disease specific transcripts can potentially lead to better outcomes in CBF‐AML.

Methods

We prospectively monitored the MRD using qRTPCR and flow cytometry on bone marrow samples in patients with newly diagnosed CBF‐AML who received decitabine (DAC) maintenance therapy after fludarabine/cytarabine/G‐CSF (FLAG)‐based induction/consolidation regimen. Negative qRTPCR (CMR) was defined as fusion transcript <0.01%.

Results

Thirty‐one patients with CBF‐AML including 14 with t(8;21) and 17 with inv(16) received parenteral DAC as maintenance therapy. Fifteen patients (48.3%) had completed FLAG‐based induction/consolidation but with positive MRD (0.35%, range = 0.01%–0.91%) (Group 1). Sixteen patients (51.7%) could not complete recommended consolidations with FLAG‐based regimen (due to older age or complications) and were switched to DAC maintenance (Group 2). In Group 2, eight patients (50%) had undetectable MRD (Group 2A) (all had qRTPCR ≤ 0.01%) and the other eight patients (50%) had residual fusion product by qRTPCR (0.1%, range = 0.02%–0.36%) (Group 2B) prior to starting DAC. Amongst the 23 patients who had a PCR ≥ 0.01% before maintenance therapy (Groups 1 and 2B), 12 patients (52%) attained a CMR as their best response (responders). The median pre‐DAC qRTPCR amongst responders were 0.03% compared to 0.14% in nonresponders (p = .002). The median estimated molecular RFS amongst responders were 93.9 months. At a median follow‐up of 59.3 months (13.2–106 months) from DAC initiation, 16 patients (51.6%) had to be initiated on a second line of therapy (40%, 25%, and 100% patients, respectively, in Groups1, 2A, and 2B). The median estimated time to new treatment between responders was 112.4 versus 5.8 months in nonresponders (hazard ratio = 0.16, 95% confidence interval = 0.04–0.54); however, there were no difference in overall survival between these groups (p = .37).

Conclusion

DAC is an effective maintenance therapy for CBF‐AML patients with persistent fusion transcript at a low level after FLAG‐based regimen. Attainment of CMR with DAC maintenance can lead to long‐term remission in patients who have persistent MRD positive after FLAG‐based regimen or are unable to receive the full course of consolidation therapy.
Anti‐Neuronal Nuclear Antibody 3 Autoimmunity Targets Dachshund Homolog 1
Authors: Zekeridou Anastasia , Yang Binxia , Lennon Vanda A. , Guo Yong , Wu Liang , Lucchinetti Claudia F. , McKeon Andrew , Pittock Sean J. , Flanagan Eoin P.
Published: February 2022

The antigen specificity of Anti‐Neuronal Nuclear Antibody‐type 3 (ANNA3)‐IgG is unknown. We identified Dachshund‐homolog 1 (DACH1) as the ANNA3 autoantigen and confirmed it by antigen‐specific assays, immunohistochemical colocalization and immune absorption experiments. Patients' median age was 63.5 years (range, 49–88); 67% were female. Neurological manifestations (information available for 30 patients) included one or more of neuropathy, 12; cognitive difficulties, 11; ataxia, 8; dysautonomia, 7. Evidence of a neoplasm was present in 27 of 30 (90%), most of neuroendocrine lineage. DACH1‐IgG is rare and represents a novel proposed biomarker of neurological autoimmunity and cancer. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:670–675
Comparing Natural History of Early and Late Onset Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: De Meo Ermelinda , Filippi Massimo , Trojano Maria , Comi Giancarlo , Patti Francasco , Brescia Morra Vincenzo , Salemi Giuseppe , Onofrj Marco , Lus Giacomo , Cocco Eleonora , Fonderico Mattia , Torri Clerici Valentina , Maniscalco Giorgia Teresa , Valentino Paola , Bertolotto Antonio , Lugaresi Alessandra , Bergamaschi Roberto , Rovaris Marco , Sola Patrizia , Tedeschi Gioacchino , Pesci Ilaria , Aguglia Umberto , Cavalla Paola , Maimone Davide , Granella Franco , Vianello Marika , Simone Marta , Portaccio Emilio , Amato Maria Pia
Published: February 2022

Objective

This study was undertaken to describe and compare disease course and prognosis of early (ie, disease onset before age 11 years) and late (ie, disease onset after age 11 years) onset pediatric multiple sclerosis.

Methods

Prospectively collected clinical information from Italian Multiple Sclerosis Register of 1993 pediatric multiple sclerosis patients, of whom 172 had early onset, was analyzed. Cox models adjusted for sex, baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale score, and disease‐modifying treatments and stratified for diagnostic criteria adopted (Poser vs McDonald) were used to assess the risk of reaching irreversible Expanded Disability Status Scale scores of 3, 4, and 6, and conversion to secondary progressive phenotype in early versus late onset pediatric patients. Prognostic factors were also evaluated.

Results

A greater proportion of males, isolated brainstem involvement, and longer time interval between first and second clinical episode were observed in early versus late onset pediatric patients. Compared to late onset, early onset pediatric patients took longer from disease onset to convert to secondary progressive phenotype and to reach all disability milestones. Recovery from first demyelinating event, time to first relapse, annualized relapse rate during the first 3 years of disease, and disease‐modifying treatment exposure were independent predictors for long‐term disability in early onset pediatric patients. In late onset pediatric patients, isolated optic neuritis, multifocal symptoms, and progressive course at disease onset were additional predictors for long‐term disability.

Interpretation

These findings point toward the existence of a different natural history in early versus late onset pediatric multiple sclerosis patients. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:483–495
Electrochromism of Nanographenes in the Near‐Infrared Region
Authors: Matsumoto Ikuya , Sekiya Ryo , Fukui Hiroji , Sun Ren‐De , Haino Takeharu
Published: February 2022

Nanographene (NG) is a potential candidate for organic EC materials because of its large π‐conjugated system, chemical stability, absorption band covering the visible region, and tunable optical properties by postsynthetic modification. We show that NGs carrying redox‐active triphenylamine (TPA) units covalently linked to the NG edge function as EC materials in the NIR region. The hybrid materials can be obtained by the installation of TPA units onto the NG edge and display changes in the absorption spectrum in the NIR region extending to a wavelength of over 2000 nm upon one‐electron oxidation and reduction at low potentials (<1.1 V). Time‐dependent unrestricted density functional theory calculation of a model NG at the UB3LYP/6‐31G(d,p) level of theory suggests that a narrow energy gap between the basal plane and the oxidized TPA unit is responsible for the observed EC function in the NIR region.
Fabrication of magnetic Fe3O4/MnO2/TiO2/polypyrrole heterostructure for efficient adsorption of Mn7+ from aqueous solution
Authors: Wang Wenjiao , Zheng Mingming , Ren Jiajia , Ma Mingliang , Yin Xunqian , Li Tingxi , Ma Yong
Published: February 2022

Magnetic Fe3O4/MnO2/TiO2/polypyrrole (PPy) heterostructure as adsorbent for adsorbing Mn7+ was synthesized by combining hydrothermal method and chemical oxidation method. The heterostructure was characterized by field‐emission scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and vibrating sample magnetometer. Its saturation magnetization is 18.88 emu/g, so it is easy to separate it from the solution. The feasibility of Fe3O4/MnO2/TiO2/PPy heterostructure to remove Mn7+ was researched in detail. It is found that the optimal pH is 2. The initial adsorption rate can reach 4.60 mg/g min. At 288.15 K, the maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity is 202.8 mg/g. Adsorption kinetics follows a pseudo second order model, as well as is determined by through membrane diffusion processes. The Langmuir isotherm model is used to describe the adsorption isotherm behavior. Besides, thermodynamic parameters indicate spontaneous adsorption behavior, and entropy of the endothermic reaction increases. Finally, the cycle test results show that the adsorbent has better cycle performance, displaying broad application prospects.
Distributed sensing based real‐time process monitoring of shape memory polymer components
Authors: Herath Madhubhashitha , Emmanuel Chris , Jeewantha Janitha , Epaarachchi Jayantha , Leng Jinsong
Published: February 2022

Shape memory polymer (SMP) materials have the capacity to undergo large deformations imposed by mechanical loading, hold a temporary shape, and then recover their original shape upon exposure to a particular external stimulus. The fiber reinforced shape memory polymer composites (SMPCs) with enhanced structural performances give a boost to breakthrough technologies for large‐scale engineering applications. This article presents a novel technique for distributed optical fiber sensor (DOFS) embedded SMPCs intended for real‐time process monitoring of large‐scale engineering applications such as deployable space structures. Herein a carbon fiber reinforced SMPC was tested under a three‐point flexural shape memory process and the DOFS data were acquired through optical backscatter reflectometry. Experiments were conducted in a temperature controlled thermal chamber coupled with a 10 kN electromechanical testing system. DOFSs offered unique advantages for spatially distributed dynamic temperature and strain measurements during the shape memory process. Compared to the standard test method dynamic mechanical analysis, larger samples can be tested effectively by using a single DOFS with large strain levels and shape complexity. The proposed technique demonstrated the ability of embedded DOFSs for in‐situ shape memory characterization such as shape fixity ratio, shape recovery ratio and recovery rate. This technique will eliminate the challenges hindering the process monitoring and performance evaluation of large SMPC components operating in their real working environments.