bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modernización policial : el caso de Carabineros de Chile
Authors: Oviedo Enrique
Published: October 2015

El artículo describe tres iniciativas de Carabineros de Chile: el establecimiento de un modelo de acercamiento policía-comunidad, la incorporación de la violencia intrafamiliar como tarea prioritaria y la utilización de indicadores de disminución de delitos en el marco de la Estrategia Nacional de Seguridad Pública. Destacan como fortalezas de Carabineros en el desarrollo de estas iniciativas la mirada estratégica, la capacidad de vincularse a otras instituciones públicas y la búsqueda de compromisos de largo plazo. Como aspectos problemáticos se cuentan el nuevo rol otorgado a la comunidad en las estrategias policiales, la pretensión de alcanzar un acercamiento con la comunidad sin cambios institucionales y la implementación de prácticas especializadas para disminuir delitos en un corto tiempo.
Quince años de reforma policial en El Salvador : avances y desafíos
Authors: Amaya Cóbar Edgardo A.
Published: October 2015

En este ensayo se describe el proceso de reforma policial, su evolución de quince años en El Salvador y su relación con el proceso político de posguerra en su conjunto. Se analizan aspectos puntuales sobre los principales problemas enfrentados en su implementación así como en la capacidad de respuesta a la sociedad, particularmente en lo que respecta al control de la función policial y los derechos humanos.
La jurisdicción alternativa como mecanismo de acceso a la justicia
Authors: La Rosa Calle Javier
Published: October 2015

El presente trabajo plantea la necesidad de cambiar la noción tradicional de acceso a la justicia y cómo la misma debe ser incorporada en los procesos de reforma judicial. Es por ello que se propone identificar cuáles son las barreras que impiden a la población acceder a un mecanismo que satisfaga sus necesidades jurídicas, lo cual pasa por reconocer a los sistemas de justicia alternativa. Finalmente se reflexiona sobre la agenda de temas pendientes en justicia comunal.
Pandillas : un calidoscopio en construcción
Authors: Carrión M. Fernando
Published: October 2015

En este cuarto número
la revista URVIO
introduce algunos
cambios sugeridos
por nuestros lectores y
otros provenientes de
la necesidad de mejorar
la presentación, el
interés, el debate y la difusión de la misma.
En primer lugar, desde este número la revista
no se referirá exclusivamente a un tema, sino
que tendrá un dossier central monotemático
y algunos artículos seleccionados por la oportunidad
y calidad académica. Este cambio se
fundamenta en la necesidad de comprender
el fenómeno de las violencias plurales desde
contextos más amplios, de captar sus elementos
coyunturales y de difundir estudios
de interés que se producen permanentemente
Gobiernos locales y seguridad pública : Olavarría, un caso práctico en Argentina
Authors: Palazzolo Pablo
Published: October 2015

La seguridad pública es una cuestión que ha ocupado las agendas políticas en los más altos niveles estatales desde hace mucho tiempo. La novedad, al menos en Argentina, es el cada vez más alto grado de injerencia de los gobiernos locales en tan crucial tema. Este trabajo intenta mostrar −por medio del análisis de un caso práctico− cómo lo ha encarado la mediana ciudad de Olavarría, sus interacciones con el estado de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, sus niveles de apertura a la participación comunitaria y los resultados obtenidos de tales acciones entre 2004 y 2007.
La condición dilemática de la prevención del delito : individuo versus sociedad
Authors: Tocornal Montt Ximena
Published: October 2015

El balance de las políticas públicas de prevención del delito y la violencia no es muy auspicioso. Surgen así una serie de frustraciones y dilemas en la producción de la seguridad ciudadana. Ello es analizado partiendo de las explicaciones conceptuales de la seguridad e inseguridad. En un segundo momento, recogiendo los aporte de Billig et al. (1988) con respecto a su noción de “dilemas ideológicos”, se examinan críticamente las implicancias de dos modelos opuestos en la seguridad ciudadana que coexisten y que puestos en relación serían los responsables de una serie de dilemas o dificultades para la toma de decisiones en prevención del delito.
Ciudad y poder : represión policial y cultura popular en Recife, Brasil
Authors: Couceiro, Sylvia Costa
Published: October 2015

Este artículo tiene como objetivo comprender cómo algunos de los comportamientos cotidianos de las clases populares, antes tolerados, se criminalizaron y reprimieron con fuerza por la Policía de Recife, Brasil en las primeras décadas del siglo XX. A partir del estudio de las noticias publicadas en los principales periódicos editados en la época, este texto trata de presentar la realidad de las calles de la ciudad en la década de los años veinte, investigando las tácticas e invenciones empleadas por los segmentos populares para escapar del control que se intentaba instituir en el espacio de la ciudad en ese período.
Rosario en cuarentena : normalización y disciplinamiento de la población durante las epidemias, 1860-1904
Authors: Partenio Florencia
Published: October 2015

Este artículo se propone rastrear los cambios en las estrategias de control desplegadas para sanear la ciudad de Rosario, frente a los brotes epidémicos registrados en el último tercio del siglo XIX. Para analizar estas intervenciones, se explora la articulación entre prácticas discursivas y extra discursivas del campo médico higienista en el contexto de conformación del Estado nación argentino. Estas prácticas disciplinarias operan como infraderechos (Foucault, 2000) que ponen en marcha una serie de coerciones bajo las cuales se puede inspeccionar, separar y aislar a los individuos afectados por la enfermedad, combinando una serie de mecanismos moralizantes y, por momentos, represivos. En este marco, se analizan las resistencias generadas frente a estos procesos de normalización y disciplinamiento de la población urbana.
Dos décadas de prevención en Bogotá : una lectura crítica
Authors: Ruiz Vásquez Juan Carlos
Published: October 2015

Este artículo busca desvirtuar la idea de que los programas preventivos de seguridad implementados desde hace dos décadas en Bogotá hicieron descender de manera importante las muertes violentas. La falta de evaluaciones científicas ha impedido establecer una relación directa y cabal entre estos programas de seguridad ciudadana y la disminución de las tasas de criminalidad. Algunos de estos planes, altamente mediatizados y publicitados por las autoridades locales, organismos multilaterales y algunos académicos, han partido de diagnósticos falsos y decisiones erróneas que cuestionan su real alcance y eficacia. El artículo hace un balance de los logros alcanzados por estos programas en Bogotá, en especial aquellos pocos que cuentan con estadísticas y cifras concretas.
Asalariados de la muerte : sicariato y criminalidad en Colombia
Authors: Montoya Prada Alexander
Published: October 2015

El sicariato es un recurso utilizado en el desarrollo de conflictos sociales desde el ámbito público estatal hasta el privado íntimo. En este artículo hacemos un recorrido de los últimos 30 años en la historia de Colombia, para estudiar la manera como se relaciona con diferentes actores y procesos, como los del narcotráfico y el paramilitarismo, describiendo la trayectoria de los sicarios, modus operandi, niveles de organización, móviles de los contratantes y tarifas. De igual manera abordamos la relación y la reacción del Estado ante el sicariato, con políticas de justicia, seguridad y rehabilitación.
Respuestas a la inseguridad en Lima
Authors: Costa Gino , Romero Carlos
Published: October 2015

La inseguridad en Lima, en un contexto de debilidad institucional de la Policía, ha visto emerger los municipios como un protagonista central en la prevención del delito y los serenazgos como su instrumento principal. En los barrios periféricos y populares, la organización vecinal es un nuevo actor relevante. El esfuerzo del Estado por articular estas iniciativas se ha traducido en la creación de los comités de seguridad ciudadana como instancias de coordinación interinstitucional presididas por los alcaldes. Con el telón de fondo de la inseguridad, el artículo comenta estos desarrollos y da cuenta de los desafíos.
Seguridad ciudadana y nuevas estrategias de control del delito en Argentina
Authors: Beltrane Florencia
Published: October 2015

Las políticas de control y prevención del delito emergen en Argentina fundamentalmente a mediados de la década de los años noventa. Desde este momento, la problemática de la inseguridad –y en consecuencia de la “seguridad ciudadana”– se instala tanto en la agenda política como en la opinión pública. El llamado problema de la inseguridad –o delincuencia– aparece en el escenario social con nuevas formas y características. La problematización de la “cuestión criminal” redefine los modos y las formas en que el delito es tratado, constituyéndose en un nuevo eje que atraviesa la relación seguridad/inseguridad. El presente ensayo analiza brevemente las transformaciones en relación con el concepto de inseguridad y en la elaboración y diseño de las políticas de control del delito en la sociedad argentina; así como también los cambios en las prácticas discursivas (promovidos mayormente desde los medios de comunicación) en torno a la noción de delito.
Transformación social y creación de sentido en los testimonios de maestros y alumnos de la segunda etapa del movimiento Freinet en España
Authors: Fernández Sarasa Carla
Published: October 2015

This paper begins with a brief overview of who was Celestin Freinet and how their pedagogy was spread throughout the thirties at the Republican Spain and then focuses on how their ideas were used again at schools during the Spanish democratic transition through three testimonies. The reflections of two teacher members of Movimiento Cooperativo de Escuela Popular (MCEP) and one student of the Valencian school that achieved to meet the more Freinet's teachers following this perspective in their classrooms, will be the leitmotif of some key issues of Freinet's pedagogy and will lead us to detect renovating questions that Freinet formulated and which remain in force today. Some of them are not fulfilled while others are part of the teacher's imaginary, such as inserting the assembly with students, connecting the school with the environment by going out for environmental research or having a library in the class.
Raças e classes sociais no Brasil
Authors: Correia Rosimara Silva
Published: October 2015

Review
La renovación pedagógica y el Concilio Vaticano II: el caso de La Salle y las Vedrunas en el País Vasco
Authors: Berdote Alonso Esther , Davila Balsera Pauli , Naya Garmendia Luis Maria
Published: October 2015

The Second Vatican Council influenced on the apostolate of most of the religious orders and congregations devoted to education. The need to adequate themselves to the new educational statements that were promoted through the Council Documents will bring about significant changes in their pedagogical premises. The aim of this article is to show how this process was managed by two well-known religious congregations in the Basque Country: De La Salle Brothers and the Vedruna Sisters. To analyse this case, we have used primary sources from the archives of both congregations where the process of accommodation to Vatican II is brought to light. In conclusion, it can be highlighted that an internal renovation happened according to the religious premises, and some pedagogical renewal aspects took place concerning the importance of the Basque language and culture, teacher training, and the option for the poor.
DINÂMICA ESPACIAL E TEMPORAL DO USO DA TERRA NO MUNICÍPIO DE SEROPÉDICA, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRASIL
Authors: Silva Roberto Diego Bezerra da , Delgado Rafael Coll , Lyra Gustavo Bastos , Júnior José Francisco de Oliveira , Rodrigues Rafael de Ávila , Cardozo Ana Carolina , Brasileiro Felipe Gomes
Published: October 2015

Foram avaliados a dinâmica espaço-temporal do uso e cobertura da terra entre os anos de 1990 e 2010 no
município de Seropédica, Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro (RMRJ). Foram utilizadas imagens TM
(Thematic Mapper) Landsat 5 e os métodos de classificações supervisionadas baseado nos algoritmos da
Mínima Distância (MINIDIST), Máxima Verossimilhança (MAXVER) e distância de Mahalanobis
(MAHAL). Os resultados obtidos de 1990 mostraram que a classificação MINIDIST superestimou as classes
de áreas de água (5,02%), mata (8,94%), solo exposto (16,05%) e pastagem (59,33%), respectivamente. O
MINIDIST em 1990 subestimou a classe área urbana (10,66%) comparado com os demais métodos. As
classespastagem (59%), mata (20,68%) e água (2,25%) foram superestimadas pelo MINIDIST, enquanto que
para as classes espectrais de solo exposto (0,92%), área urbana (11,54%) e eucalipto (5,81%) ocorreram
subestimativa comparado aos métodos MAHAL e MAXVER em 2010. O viés médio mostrou que os valores
de área para ambos os classificadores foram superestimados em relação aos dados do projeto SOS Mata
Atlântica. Os índices de vegetação mostraram-se compatíveis com a literatura, às exceções foram às
discrepâncias na estimativa de área atribuídas à transição de períodos secos e chuvosos que ocorreram antes
da passagem do satélite sobre a região. Ressalta-se que todos os classificadores utilizados neste estudo são
passíveis de erro, ou seja, os classificadores foram desenvolvidos na tentativa de aperfeiçoarem os trabalhos
de interpretação visual em Seropédica.
DESCRIÇÃO DAS ETAPAS DO LICENCIAMENTO AMBIENTAL DAS OBRAS DE APOIO À PAVIMENTAÇÃO DA RODOVIA CAMINHOS DA NEVE (SC-114)
Authors: Barrionuevo Maisa , Oliveira Josiani Cordova de , Becegato Valter Antonio , Becegato Vitor Rodolfo
Published: October 2015

Este trabalho descreve as etapas do Licenciamento Ambiental das obras de apoio à pavimentação da Rodovia
Caminhos da Neve (SC-114), antiga SC-430, localizada no município de São Joaquim -SC, desenvolvidas
pela Organização Militar do 10º Batalhão de Engenharia de Construção doComando do Exército Brasileiro
situado no município de Lages - SC. As obras de apoio licenciadas referem-se à extração de minerais,
beneficiamento de minerais com cominuição, usina de produção de concreto betuminoso usinado a quente e
posto autônomo de abastecimento. O licenciamento seguiu o ordenamento jurídico estabelecido pela
legislação ambiental, destacando-se a Resolução do CONAMA nº 237/1997 bem como por outros
instrumentos do órgão ambiental do Estado de Santa Catarina (FATMA). Após o uso das áreasefetuou-se um
Plano de Controle Ambiental (PCA), onde foram ser inseridas informações sobre o empreendedor e o
empreendimento, bem como o diagnóstico ambiental, possíveis impactos e medidas de controle e os Planos de
Recuperação de Áreas Degradadas (PRAD) e de Monitoramento Ambiental. Ambos foram elaborados de
acordo com as diretrizes fixadas pela NBR 13030, da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas e pelo
Decreto Federal nº 97.632, de 10 de abril de 1989 a empreendimentos que se destinam à exploração de
recursos minerais, devendo ser submetido à aprovação do órgão ambiental competente quando da
apresentação do Estudo de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) e do Relatório de Impacto Ambiental (RIMA).
La influencia de las TIC en el desempeño académico: evidencia de la prueba PIRLS en Colombia 2011
Authors: Botello Peñaloza Héctor , López Alba Andrea
Published: October 2015

lector de niños de cuarto de primaria, utilizando la prueba Progreso Internacional en Competencia Lectora (pirls) de 2011 para una muestra de alumnos en Colombia. Para la estimación se utilizaron técnicas de regresión lineal múltiple,
ya que permite el control de variables institucionales, familiares e individuales, para así hallar el efecto directo que tienen las tic en el puntaje promedio del estudiante. Los resultados muestran que la tenencia de tecnologías y el
uso de éstas en el aprendizaje escolar mediante actividades de lectura de contenido digital, afectan positivamente el desempeño lector de los niños, incrementando el puntaje promedio entre un 21% y un 31%. Asimismo, el uso de computador (PC) para efectos de mejorar la lectura aporta un 32% adicional en la calificación de la prueba respecto a los niños que no usan PC para esto, siendo la variable de mayor peso. No obstante, se hace énfasis en el uso adecuado de las tic, ya que su utilización llana tanto en el hogar como en el colegio puede afectar negativamente el desempeño dado que se utilizan para otros objetivos fuera del escolar.
Palabras clave: Colombia, desempeño lector, educación primaria, pirls, tic.
Una mirada a los estilos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de la UPTC desde la noción de nativo digital
Authors: Saavedra Bautista Claudia Esperanza , Parra Valencia Jorge Andrick
Published: October 2015

Este artículo presenta resultados de la investigación “Ambiente virtual de aprendizaje a partir de estilos de aprendizaje en nativos digitales”, cuyo objetivo fue identificar los estilos de aprendizaje de mayor predominancia de estudiantes
desde el concepto `nativo digital` de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, con el fin de describir sus dimensiones de personalidad dentro de un proceso de aprendizaje y, en este sentido, poder ofrecer un ambiente virtual de aprendizaje acorde con sus estilos de aprender. Se trata de una investigación cuasiexperimental con enfoque cuantitativo que se llevó a cabo durante tres semestres consecutivos.
El análisis estadístico permite concluir que el estilo de aprendizaje reflexivo presenta una baja predominancia frente a los demás estilos de aprendizaje. Esto sugiere formular prácticas pedagógicas pensadas desde el conocimiento del
estudiante, orientadas al fortalecimiento de su capacidad reflexiva.
Palabras clave:aprendizaje, enseñanza, estilo de aprendizaje, dimensión de personalidad, nativo digital.
Reglamentación y uso de información privilegiada en el mercado norteamericano de valores
Authors: Perossa Mario Luis , Waldman Pablo , Díaz Uberman Damián Sergio
Published: October 2015

El objetivo de este artículo de investigación se relaciona con el uso indebido de la información en los mercados de capitales, los cuales originan asimetría de la información y la selección adversa de aquellos que no tienen acceso o tienen acceso tardío a la información.

Aquí se presentan las regulaciones básicas del mercado norteamericano –la Securities Act de 1933 y la Securities Exchange Act de 1934 (Ley de Valores como comúnmente se la reconoce), la cual tiene dos objetivos primordiales: la creación de la SEC (Security and Exchange Commission), principal organismo responsable de la aplicación de la legislación de Estados Unidos en temas de valores federales, por un lado, y la regulación de los mercados secundarios, por el otro.

Concluye este cuerpo normativo la Investment Company Act de 1940 para la regulación de los mercados financieros de Estados Unidos. En este trabajo se desarrollan estos temas y se presentan algunos casos ocurridos que demuestran el efecto económico producido por las imperfecciones del mercado.
Protein thermal stabilization in aqueous solutions of osmolytes.
Authors: Bruździak Piotr , Panuszko Aneta , Jourdan Muriel , Stangret Janusz
Published: October 2015

Proteins' thermal stabilization is a significant problem in various biomedical, biotechnological, and technological applications. We investigated thermal stability of hen egg white lysozyme in aqueous solutions of the following stabilizing osmolytes: Glycine (GLY), N-methylglycine (NMG), N,N-dimethylglycine (DMG), N,N,N-trimethylglycine (TMG), and trimethyl-N-oxide (TMAO). Results of CD-UV spectroscopic investigation were compared with FTIR hydration studies' results. Selected osmolytes increased lysozyme's thermal stability in the following order: Gly>NMG>TMAO≈DMG>TMG. Theoretical calculations (DFT) showed clearly that osmolytes' amino group protons and water molecules interacting with them played a distinctive role in protein thermal stabilization. The results brought us a step closer to the exact mechanism of protein stabilization by osmolytes.
Seasonality and nitrogen supply modify carbon partitioning in understory vegetation of a boreal coniferous forest
Authors: Hasselquist N. J. , Metcalfe D. B. , Marshall J. D. , Lucas R. W. , Högberg P.
Published: October 2015

Given the strong coupling between the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles, there is substantial interest in understanding how N availability affects C cycling in terrestrial ecosystems, especially in ecosystems limited by N. However, most studies in temperate and boreal forests have focused on the effects of N addition on tree growth. By comparison, less is known about the effects of N availability on the cycling of C in understory vegetation despite some evidence that dwarf shrubs, mosses, and lichens play an important role in the forest C balance. In this study, we used an in situ 13CO2 pulse‐labeling technique to examine the short‐term dynamics of C partitioning in understory vegetation in three boreal Pinus sylvestris forest stands exposed to different rates of N addition: a low and high N addition that receive annual additions of NH4NO3 of 20 and 100 kg N/ha, respectively, and an unfertilized control. Labeling was conducted at two distinct periods (early vs. late growing season), which provided a seasonal picture of how N addition affects C dynamics in understory vegetation. In contrast to what has been found in trees, there was no obvious trend in belowground C partitioning in ericaceous plants in response to N additions or seasonality. Increasing N addition led to a greater percentage of 13C being incorporated into ericaceous leaves with a high turnover, whereas high rates of N addition strongly reduced the incorporation of 13C into less degradable moss tissues. Addition of N also resulted in a greater percentage of the 13C label being respired back to the atmosphere and an overall reduction in total understory carbon use efficiency. Taken together, our results suggest a faster cycling of C in understory vegetation with increasing N additions; yet the magnitude of this general response was strongly dependent on the amount of N added and varied seasonally. These results provide some of the first in situ C and N partitioning estimates for plants growing under the complex web of resource limitations in the boreal understory.
New perspectives on an iconic landscape from comparative international long‐term ecological research
Authors: Gaiser Evelyn E. , Anderson Elizabeth P. , Castañeda-Moya Edward , Collado-Vides Ligia , Fourqurean James W. , Heithaus Michael R. , Jaffé Rudolf , Lagomasino David , Oehm Nicholas J. , Price René M. , Rivera-Monroy Victor H. , Chowdhury Rinku Roy , Troxler Tiffany G.
Published: October 2015

Iconic ecosystems like the Florida Coastal Everglades can serve as sentinels of environmental change from local to global scales. This characteristic can help inform general theory about how and why ecosystems transform, particularly if distinctive ecosystem properties are studied over long time scales and compared to those of similar ecosystems elsewhere. Here we review the ways in which long‐term, comparative, international research has provided perspectives on iconic features of the Everglades that have, in turn, informed general ecosystem paradigms. Studies in other comparable wetlands from the Caribbean to Australia have shed light on distinctive and puzzling aspects such as the “upside‐down estuary” and “productivity paradox” for which the Everglades is known. These studies suggest that coastal wetlands on carbonate (karstic) platforms have: (1) hydrological and biogeochemical properties that reflect “hidden” groundwater sources of water and nutrients, (2) very productive, mat‐forming algal communities that present a low‐quality food to aquatic consumers that encourages (3) highly diversified feeding strategies within and among populations, and (4) extensive and productive seagrass meadows and mangrove forests that promote strong cultural dependencies associated with the ecosystem services they provide. The contribution of international research to each of these general ecological topics is discussed with a particular goal of encouraging informed decision‐making in threatened wetlands across the globe.
An increase in transmission‐related traits and in phenotypic plasticity is documented during a fungal invasion
Authors: Garbelotto Matteo , Rocca Gianni Della , Osmundson Todd , di Lonardo Vincenzo , Danti Roberto
Published: October 2015

The adaptive rapid evolution of phenotypic traits is potentially a key contributor to invasiveness, but has been relatively little studied for the fungi, even though these organisms are responsible for devastating losses in agriculture and natural resources. In this study, we compare biologically relevant phenotypic characters of spore‐generated individuals from two native and two invasive populations of the fungal pathogenSeiridium cardinaleto infer which traits may be adaptive and rapidly evolving during an ongoing biological invasion. Results show that: (1) lower growth rate and smaller spore size are selected for in invasive populations, independent of the stage of invasion; (2) there is no selection evident towards increased rapid sporulation, but overall reproductive potential increases in later stages of the invasions; and (3) demographic plasticity of most traits increases during the initial stages of invasion, but decreases in a later phase. Comparisons against levels of neutral genetic variation (Qst‐Fst comparisons) showed that the decrease in spore size is strongly adaptive, despite the trade‐off of reduced viability. Lesion size of isolates inoculated on the naïve Italian cypress host was not correlated with their growth rate, and was significantly lower in invasive than in native populations. This last result indicates that rate of host colonization is a complex trait affected both by host and pathogen, which may not be necessarily adaptive and/or which may not easily evolve. In summary, the success ofS. cardinaleas an invasive in the Mediterranean basin is associated with reduced spore size and increased plasticity of almost all traits in initial phases, followed by further decreased spore size, increased overall sporulation, and decreased plasticity in a second phase of the invasion. Interestingly, growth rate by population results show that invasive populations are well adapted only to moderate temperatures, while native populations fare well also when exposed to relative extremes in temperature. This different adaptation suggests a “master‐of‐some” specialization scenario for the invasion byS. cardinalein the Mediterranean.
A method for estimating abundance of mobile populations using telemetry and counts of unmarked animals
Authors: Clement Matthew J. , O'Keefe Joy M. , Walters Brianne
Published: October 2015

While numerous methods exist for estimating abundance when detection is imperfect, these methods may not be appropriate due to logistical difficulties or unrealistic assumptions. In particular, if highly mobile taxa are frequently absent from survey locations, methods that estimate a probability of detection conditional on presence will generate biased abundance estimates. Here, we propose a new estimator for estimating abundance of mobile populations using telemetry and counts of unmarked animals. The estimator assumes that the target population conforms to a fission‐fusion grouping pattern, in which the population is divided into groups that frequently change in size and composition. If assumptions are met, it is not necessary to locate all groups in the population to estimate abundance. We derive an estimator, perform a simulation study, conduct a power analysis, and apply the method to field data. The simulation study confirmed that our estimator is asymptotically unbiased with low bias, narrow confidence intervals, and good coverage, given a modest survey effort. The power analysis provided initial guidance on survey effort. When applied to small data sets obtained by radio‐tracking Indiana bats, abundance estimates were reasonable, although imprecise. The proposed method has the potential to improve abundance estimates for mobile species that have a fission‐fusion social structure, such as Indiana bats, because it does not condition detection on presence at survey locations and because it avoids certain restrictive assumptions.
The Birth of Miriam Hazel
Authors: Cooper Rachel Shapiro
Published: October 2015

My birth story for Miriam Hazel starts well before her birth, with the birth of her sister, our first-born daughter Colbie Laia. When I gave birth to our first daughter 3 years prior, I was in a completely different place with my body and my mind. Birth was scary, recovery was rough, and my first year followed suit. During my pregnancy with Miriam Hazel, my obstetrician encouraged me to consider a natural birth. I talked to other women and although still frightened, I became more confident and had the birth I never knew I wanted. The birth of Miriam Hazel was incredible and the recovery was completely different. This is my story of Miriam Hazel’s birth.
Drilling-with-Casing Technology Pilot Testing Results
Authors: Aleksandrov K. A. , Kiselev E. V. , Ovchinnikov S. N. , Tan M. , Gelfgat M. Ya. , Kulikov S. S. , Shilkin P. S. , Priymachenko D. A. , Fedoseev D. A. , Gnibidin V. N.
Published: October 2015

Well construction at Urengoyskoye field is associated with definite hazards confined to the formation section formed by relict permafrost rock (PFR). Combined thermal, physical, chemical and erosion effects on the wellbore walls result in collapse of ice consolidated sand clay sediments and easy washout by drilling mud flow. This leads to intensive caving and, thus, associated rock breakout and sloughing.

In addition, there are increased risks of the following problems:▪During construction in case of PFR thawing: lost circulation during drilling and cementing, low cement top;▪During further operation in case of PFR thawing and refreezing: subsidence, thaw sink formation, casing collapse.

Long PFR sections drilling time and high circulation rates also contribute to development of such undesirable processes.

To study risk mitigation options during surface casing section drilling, Rospan International CJSC decided to perform pilot testing (PT) of drilling-with-casing technology with a non-retrievable assembly (PDC drill bit, float valve). Such choice was conditioned by relative assembly simplicity and section geology enabling casing running section drilling in a single trip. In contrast to conventional drilling, in this case casing experiences increased stresses as it is the component that transfers mechanical and hydraulic power to the drill bit. Based on the above, it was decided to use casing with improved connections (metal-to-metal seals).

To improve reliability of pilot testing results, the tests were performed on three wells of the same pad. Wells drilled within the same license area using conventional drilling methods were taken as the basis for comparison. All process parameters were monitored and recorded both while normal drilling and in case of any drilling hazards.

Pilot testing results demonstrated that as compared to conventional drilling, no additional reaming of drilling tool drag or overpull sections was required. The potential of surface casing section construction time reduction was defined for Rospan International CJSC locations by improvement of the drilling-with-casing technology, in particular selection of optimal drill bit designs, use of casing with metal-to-metal seals (or with torque rings) with lower makeup torques, modification of the wellhead connection diagram.

Besides, comparative analysis of two drilling methods once again proved the plastering effect that has a positive effect during lost circulation control, which can further enable forecasting during drilling-with-casing at this field.

In general, PT results enable recommending the drilling-with-casing method with a non-retrievable assembly as a promising method for industrial implementation at fields with top sections represented by permafrost rocks. The expected surface casing section drilling time can be reduced by 1.5 or 2.0 times.
The First Application of Premium Port Technology to Conduct Zonal Stimulation and the Ability to Control the Well Injectivity Profile on a Unique Offshore Field in the Arctic
Authors: Koloda A. V. , Morozov O. N. , Panarin A. T. , Mukhametshin I. R. , Bulygin I. A. , Shestov S. A. , Ksenofontova A. A.
Published: October 2015

The reservoir of Prirazlomnoye field is composed of carbonate rocks. Premium port completion technology—a valve with an inflow/injection control device—was piloted in the Arctic offshore environment, allowing selective stimulation of the bottomhole pay zone and high-rate injection via both the ports and an inflow control device (ICD). This technology mitigated the risks of premature water breakthrough in the production well and improved the waterflood performance. The project began with the analysis to justify the use of premium port technology with ICD in the horizontal well based on the reservoir simulation model. The use of a slotted screen was compared against the premium port with ICD scenario. Then the project entered the second phase that involved well operations. Following the drilling and petrophysical interpretation of well logging data, the completion system parameters were computed to identify the number of premium port valves, packer installation intervals, and the number and sizes of ICD nozzles for each zone. This was followed by selective treatment with hydrochloric acid at specific pressures and injection rates. The horizontal hole was divided into five sections, each having a premium port valve for injection with ICD and an acid injection premium port. The intervals were separated by inflatable annulus packers. Every successful opening/closure of the valve was clearly observed at the surface. After the acid stimulation job, the well was successfully tested and brought into injection. The joint efforts of the drillers, completion engineers, and reservoir simulation engineers resulted in the selection and installation of suitable premium port valves and ICDs, driving the well performance close to its design parameters.

The simulation of the proposed technology using a sector model has shown a 5% increase of cumulative oil production against a 10% decrease of cumulative water production. Implemented in the existing offshore Arctic field, premium port technology has enabled selective acid treatment in individual reservoir zones, making it possible to reduce the skin to–1.4 on the average. This experience may be of interest to engineers in charge of selection of downhole equipment for challenging environments both on the continental shelf of Russia and beyond.

This paper offers an entirely new approach to the completion of horizontal wells enabling selective stimulation and injection management without the use of intelligent well completion systems in the harsh environment of the Arctic shelf. This technology has made it possible to mitigate the risks of water breakthrough into the production well and to improve the performance of the waterflood system.
Best Practices—Direct Emulsion-Based Drilling Solution as a New Approach to Drilling in Mature Fields with Low Reservoir Pressure
Authors: Sokovnin S. A. , Tikhonov E. V. , Kharitonov A. B. , Vian John , Bakirov D. L. , Babushkin E. V.
Published: October 2015

Currently, most fields in Western Siberia are classified as mature with significant reductions in reservoir pressure. This fact greatly complicates the drilling of horizontal wells in these fields. The role of quality and the requirements for drilling fluids increase significantly under such circumstances. Standard drilling fluids often fall short in achieving the drilling objectives because of significant overburdening of formations.

To resolve this issue, the geological information provided by an operator drilling in Western Siberia was used as the basis for developing an oil-in-water direct emulsion fluid system that reduces the likelihood of formation damage and allows trouble-free drilling under abnormally low reservoir pressure (ALRP) conditions. Filtration studies were carried out, and the impact on the restoration of the core's natural permeability was evaluated before this fluid system was used in the field.

Active use of this drilling mud system began in Western Siberia in 2002, with the drilling of horizontal wells. In their development, all wells showed much higher completion quality: an easy transition of the well into production mode without additional measures (swabbing, stimulation, etc.) and obtained production rates above those planned. The use of this type of drilling mud under ALRP conditions was accompanied by a substantial reduction in the risk of differential sticking, which in turn reduced the likelihood of losing expensive downhole equipment used in logging while drilling (LWD), measurement while drilling (MWD), and annular pressure while drilling (APWD), etc. Additionally, by aiding the maintenance of a minimum overburdening of formations, this fluid allows the use of conventional drilling equipment that does not require the time and cost of rig reconstruction, as is required in the case of oil-based mud (OBM).

Based on the analysis of drilling efficiency and completion quality conducted after testing the use of the emulsion fluid to drill horizontal wells in reservoirs with ALRP, the research institute of the field operator has recommended this technology for regular use, especially for reservoirs with low porosity and permeability properties.

The use of oil-in-water direct emulsion fluid is not intended as a replacement for the conventional water-based solutions used for reservoir completion in the cases of normal reservoir pressure values and in partially depleted reservoirs. However, where the reservoir conditions are such that the use of conventional water-based mud (WBM) is inefficient, the use of oil-in-water emulsion-based mud can substantially enhance drilling efficiency and completion quality.
Electromagnetic Heating for Heavy Oil Production: Case Study of a Field Applicability
Authors: Rafiee M. , Behr A. , Lessner E. , Diehl D. , Trautmann B. , Koch A.
Published: October 2015

Electromagnetic (EM) heating is a new promising technology to enhance the recovery in heavy oil reservoirs significantly. The method is in general not limited to depth and is able to homogenously heat up large volumes of a reservoir.

In this work the potential of heavy oil production by EM heating method has been investigated through conceptual numerical modelling including sensitivity analysis, based on data of a real oil field.

The idea is to place an electrical inductor loop into the reservoir, which heats up the formation up to a distance of 100 m. The heat (energy) is induced in-situ by applying an alternating current at medium frequencies of 10 kHz to 200 kHz to the inductor, which creates an alternating magnetic field and consequently induces eddy currents in electrically conductive parts of the reservoir.

The study compares different possible scenarios of the EM heating process as stand-alone or hybrid technology. As example of the latter, the combination with SAGD (steam assisted gravity drainage) was evaluated.

One of the success criteria of the technology is the availability of electrical conductivity in the reservoirs sufficient to transfer the energy into the oil saturated formation. Several electrical and technology design parameters for sensitivity analysis were explored in the study. The method is appropriate for a wide range of heavy oil viscosity. Permeability contrasts in the formation do not limit the amount of EM energy which can be introduced. Consequently, using a hybrid EM-SAGD approach, this combined technology is more efficient in heterogeneous reservoirs in terms of sweep, recovery factor and risk of steam leakage compared to SAGD alone. Energy balance calculations indicate that EM heating is attractive as well from economical point of view.

The findings of this study can be used for advanced Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) screening of EM heating methods in heavy oil reservoirs. The technology is suitable to improve conventional thermal methods. In hybrid processes, major reductions of water usage and a reduction of environmental footprint are possible.

The field study is part of an R&D project between Wintershall and Siemens to bring EM heating to field application.
New Mud-Pulse Telemetry System Delivers Improved Drilling Dynamics and Formation Evaluation Data
Authors: Cooper Paul , Santos Lucas Samuel
Published: October 2015

As wells become more challenging, the need for real-time data continues to increase. Drilling dynamics data allow faster drilling, while formation evaluation data allow accurate well placement to maximize reservoir value. Increased information from downhole allows better risk mitigation for safer drilling. The increased need for real-time data places higher demands on telemetry systems.

A new mud-pulse telemetry system is introduced based on an evolution of a proven annular venting pulser technology. This paper describes some of the engineering work undertaken to improve power management, actuation of the valve, and valve durability, thereby increasing the endurance and data rate of the system. Some of the compression algorithms and techniques developed to maximize the effective data rate delivered by the system are also described with examples of these techniques applied to real formation evaluation data.

This system has been deployed in multiple locations globally and has been run in the field more than 100 times. The paper presents information on the data rate achieved during these runs, demonstrating the step-change increase in performance over the current annular venting pulser system. Multiple case studies are also presented, demonstrating the benefits delivered by the system: The improved power management enables drilling long sections in a single bit-run.The higher data rate allows frequent pressure-while-drilling updates to help mitigate potential well control issues.Use of this system in combination with compression algorithms allows the delivery of real-time density image data of equivalent quality to recorded data.

The paper concludes by discussing further planned improvements to both downhole compression and surface detection techniques that will further increase the amount of real-time data that can be delivered, allowing operators to drill safely, fast, and on target.
Mathematical Modeling of Crack Proliferation at Pumping of Hydrofracture Liquid with Proppant into the Formation
Authors: Kashapov D. , Urmancheev S.
Published: October 2015

The presented work consists of two parts. In the first part there are questions about the definition of porous medium's filtration characteristics, the pressure of distribution, a layer's stress state on a field site. The following questions are considered: what is the size of the P-disruptive pressure; what is the dependence of the injection fluid from differential pressure after formation fracturing; how far does the induced break spread and what is the dependence of crack width and its volume from pressure drop across crack and layer; what is the influence of breakdown fluid's viscosity on the cracking mechanism and its sizes?

The hydraulic fracturing process is largely governed by the layer's stress condition. It is possible to define it knowing the ground pressure which is distributed among ground skeleton and liquid being in pores under the formation pressure. One of the problems that are necessary for definition of the layer's stress condition is the determination of reservoir pressure distribution.

In the second part of the work there is considering of hydraulic fracturing crack's formation at the well injection of thick liquid with particles impure. The characteristics of hydraulic fracture's development are observed under the different elastic and collecting properties of a layer and under prosperities of the hydraulic fracturing's agent in the injection modes.
Deviation from Planned Well Path through Accumulated Cutting Bed in High-Angle and Horizontal Wells – a Case Study in one Western-Siberian Oilfield
Authors: Yasin Naseri , Kulchitskiy Valeriy V. , Khormali Azizollah , Aygunian Valeriy V. , Borozdin Sergey O. , Afshari Moein Mohammad Javad
Published: October 2015

In recent years, thanks to telemetry systems, measurement while drilling and geo-steering technologies, drilling directional and horizontal wells has been improved significantly. But still there are a lot of complications in directional drilling operations. Cutting transportation is a serious challenge in high angle and horizontal wells. High mud flow rate is required to clean cuttings from the wellbore which is not always practically possible. High flow rates can lead to formation fracturing and result in mud loss. In addition, downhole motor's optimal fluid rate range may limit the value of fluid rate. In high-angle and horizontal wells, it is necessary to take into account presence of cutting bed as an inevitable fact and try to conduct all of the operation based on this fact. For example, while drilling horizontal or extended reach wells, it is not recommended to pull the drilling string out before cleaning the wellbore with high mud flow rate. Also, build rate must be calibrated based on cutting bed effect on bending moment and accordingly build rate.

In this work, the effect of cutting bed on build rate and deviation from the planned path for horizontal and highly deviated wells has been investigated. In "Rhinoceros" and "ANSYS", downhole elements shape, their characteristics and their interactions with each other have been simulated and analyzed. The simulation is done based on data from a real case in West-Siberian oil-field. Using Finite Element Method jammed cutting around the stabilizer have been modeled and its effect on wellbore deviation from planned path has been investigated. Jammed cutting has been simulated like a gravelly sand soil that increases the accuracy of the simulation. In the previous works, jammed cutting around stabilizer has been modelled as an increase in diameter that in this work, this assumption has been corrected.
Pressure Transient Analysis as a Tool to Estimate Efficiency of Underbalanced Drilling
Authors: Ibragimov N. G. , Iktissanov V. A. , Musabirova N. Kh. , Akhmadishin F. F.
Published: October 2015

Conventional or overbalanced drilling process is fraught with formation damage in the near-wellbore region because of drilling mud and cement slurry invasion, permeability loss attributed to change of the net reservoir stress, and other reasons. One of the ways to overcome negative effect of drilling fluid interaction with reservoir rocks is balanced or underbalanced drilling. This technology is however cash-consuming. The purpose of this work was to analyze the efficiency of underbalanced drilling compared with the conventional (overbalanced) technique. For the analysis, the results of pressure transient analysis (PTA) were used, which provide information about formation flow characteristics and effective drainage area in actual in-situ conditions. Performance of slanted and horizontal wells drilled in different geologic environment was analyzed. Main causes of underperformance were identified and selection criteria of well candidates for underbalanced drilling were justified.