bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chanel the bricoleur: Steal all the ideas you can
Authors: Taylor Dabrina , Jacob John
Published: March 2017

Although she is arguably regarded as France’s most celebrated designer, Chanel did not train within the classical Parisian haute couture system. This article examines the onetime milliner and couture interloper as a bricoleur, a female ‘handyman’ who made do with materials at hand to create something new (Claude Levi-Strauss 1966). In the earliest years of her career, Chanel’s transformative ‘making do’ centred on her appropriations of garments and styles that were coded masculine, and these masculine borrowings were foundational in the development of an easily copied Chanel feminine aesthetic – most notably apparent in the little black dress – that was suitable for women’s entrée into modernity’s heretofore male-identified public sphere. The discussion highlights the role of fashion appropriation in negotiating the gender tensions and ambiguities associated with women’s emergence into early twentieth-century life, considering the special case of fashion diffusion that occurs when members of a less-powerful group emulate and appropriate styles from those who are more privileged.
Appropriation, articulation and authentication in Acid House: The evolution of women’s fashion throughout the early years (1987–1988) of the Acid House culture
Authors: Tierney Tara
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this article is to explore how ‘dress’ from the 1960s’ American Hippy movement was appropriated and adapted by women in the ‘British Acid House’ music culture. The emergence of ‘Acid House’ transformed nightclubs from ‘places for drinking and looking good but not for dancing’, into a space where ravers would dance through the night fuelled by the drug, ecstasy. These changes manifested in a number of ways, most notably, through transformation of outward appearance, which included appropriation of the Hippy movement and ‘First Summer of Love’ in 1967. Similarities between Acid House and the Hippy culture were so akin that this early period of House music became known as ‘The Second Summer of Love’.
Vlisco: Made in Holland, adorned in West Africa, (re)appropriated as Dutch design
Authors: Bruggeman Danielle
Published: March 2017

While the idea of ‘Africa’ is sometimes a source of inspiration for brands and designers aimed at the western market, the colourful wax prints by the Dutch company Vlisco were historically made for West and Central African consumers. These fabrics, designed and produced in the Netherlands, have become interconnected with African culture and identity. Established in 1846, the company Vlisco focused on the Dutch East Indies and later West and Central Africa as its export markets. Yet today, Vlisco is playing an increasing role in western fashion, art and design. Moreover, Vlisco has recently collaborated with renowned Dutch designers such as Viktor&Rolf, actively (re)appropriating the wax printed fashion fabrics as Dutch. In this article I explore the multiple layers of cultural (re)appropriation, and the deep-rooted ‘cultural hybridity’, underlying Vlisco’s wax printed fashion fabrics. The most recent form of cultural (re)appropriation is the way in which Vlisco presents itself within the context of Dutch design. In this article I focus on the hybrid cultural dynamics underlying the performance of Africanity – and recent Dutchness – through the use of Vlisco’s fabrics in the context of today’s globalized fashion system.
Dreaded culture: The appropriation of a culture of resistance in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Richards Harriette
Published: March 2017

In Subculture: The Meaning of Style ([1979] 1988), Dick Hebdige noted that ‘somewhere between Trenchtown and Ladbroke Grove the cult of Rastafari had become a “style”: an expressive combination of “locks,” of khaki camouflage and “weed”’. For cultures of resistance such as Rastafari, aesthetic determinants are more than simple visually identifying features. Rather, these elements are the foundation of unity, a shared aesthetic that points to a shared world-view, a shared consciousness or livity. However, in the processes of cultural appropriation, the significance of such aesthetic qualities are often entirely re-determined. This article considers the cultural appropriation of Rastafari in the context of Aotearoa New Zealand in order to reflect upon the intricate ways in which the aesthetic elements of culture play into the processes of appropriation. In so doing, this article illustrates the contradictions and ambiguities involved in processes of cultural appropriation and suggests that such processes be considered in relation to their contextual adoption, rather than by way of simple reductionist binaries.
Event Review
Authors: Khan Ali
Published: March 2017

AMAZON TOKYO FASHION WEEK: S/S 2017 COLLECTIONS, 17–23 OCTOBER 2016
The use of pediatric logistic organ dysfunction (PELOD) scoring system to determine the prognosis of patients in pediatric intensive care units
Authors: Metta Dewi , Soebardja Dedi , S Dadang Hudaya
Published: March 2017

Background Prediction of outcome of patients admitted to pediat-ric intensive care unit (PICU) requires an objective tool for measure-ment. It is important to provide information for the patient’s familyand to explain the objectives of intensive care.Objective To evaluate whether the Pediatric Logistic Organ Dys-function (PELOD) scoring system can be used to determine the prog-nosis of patients treated in PICU.Methods A longitudinal-observational study on patients treated inthe PICU of Hasan Sadikin General Hospital was conducted in No-vember 2004-December 2004. The PELOD scoring system wasapplied to all subjects within the first 24 hours of PICU admission.The scoring system consists of physical and laboratory variables of6 organs, namely neurological, cardiovascular, renal, respiratory,hematological, and hepatic systems. The sum of scores were ana-lyzed by logistic regression method to calculate the probability ofdeath. The subjects were monitored until they passed away or weredischarged from PICU.Results There were 32 subjects who met the inclusion criteria. Themean (SD) of PELOD scores in survivors was 13.5 (8.5) and in nonsurvivors was 22.2 (10.1) (Z M-W =-2.507;P=0.012), while the meanof PELOD scores in survivors of PELOD scores validation studywas 31.0, and in non survivors was 9.4. The increase of PELODscores correlated with the increase in the probability of death(P=0.038), and a linear regression chart showed a positive correla-tion (R 2 =0.93). PELOD scores at a 50% probability of death was 20,while the mean PELOD scores validation study was 26. Based onthe probability of death of P<0.5, the death prediction and observeddeath had a sensitivity of 54.5% and a specificity of 80.9%. Amongpatients with high PELOD scores (>20) and those with low PELODscores (<20), the number of patients who survived with extendedlength of stay in PICU, were not significantly different (P=0.15).Conclusions PELOD scoring system can be used to determine thepatient’s probability of death in PICU, but can not be used to predictthe length of stay in PICU
Splenectomy and its relation to non-transfusion-transmitted infection in thalassemic patients
Authors: Aisyi Mururul , Tumbelaka Alan Roland , Munthe Bulan Ginting , Madiyono Bambang
Published: March 2017

Background Splenectomy has been associated with an increasedsusceptibility to infection. Overwhelming postspelenectomy infec-tion (OPSI) can lead to high mortality. Decreased IgM and tuftsinconcentration on splenectomized patients seems to play a role ininfection’s susceptibility. Many studies have been performed todetermine the risk factors of infection in thalassemic patients.Objective To find out morbidity patterns and risk factors for pre-dicting the likelihood of infection in splenectomized thalassemicpatients.Methods A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted onconfirmed thalassemic children who came to Department of ChildHealth, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital within the period of 1973-2003. Splenectomized patients were categorized as cases groupand non-splenectomized patients as control group. Risk factors fordevelopment of common cold and diarrhea were analyzed usingchi-square test with level of significance <0.05.Results A total of 300 thalassemic patients, 100 of them were sple-nectomized, were enrolled in this study. The 15-year-age group orabove is the most common group underwent splenectomy (35%).Common cold is the most common mild infection in both splenec-tomized group (75%) and non-splenectomized (71%). A significantassociation was found between the risk of infection and splenec-tomy in thalassemic patients (OR=3.8;CI=2.2;6.62; P=0.000). As-sociation between time after splenectomy and frequency of com-mon cold in thalassemia was significant (OR=2.85;CI=1.16;7.14;P=0.011). Severe infection and acute diarrhea were considerednot significantly different between the two groups.Conclusion Splenectomy in thalassemia can increase the sus-ceptibility of non-transfusion-transmitted mild infection. Furtherstudy is needed to elaborate this finding
The accuracy of determining newborn’s maturity between New Ballard’s score, Ballard’s score, and first day of last menstrual period
Authors: Limawal Ferdy , Madjid Djauhariah A. , Daud Dasril
Published: March 2017

Background Developing country such as Indonesia needs a toolto assess gestational age which is simple, practical, cheap, fast,and accurate. In 1991 the Ballard maturation score was refinedand expanded to achieve greater accuracy and called New Ballardscore.Objective The purpose of this study was to determine thecorrelation between gestational age assessed by New Ballard score,Ballard score, and by the first day of last menstrual period (LMP).Methods A cross sectional study has been carried out in Dr.Wahidin Sudirohusodo, Ibnu Sina, Labuang Baji, and St. FatimahHospitals in Makassar, from July 1 st , 2006 until January 31 st , 2007.This study included healthy newborns, aged 15 minutes to 24hours born to mothers who knew with certainty the first day oftheir LMP. Diagnostic test was used to analyze the data.Results There were 248 subjects included in this study. The resultsshowed that there was a strong correlation between gestationalage by LMP and New Ballard score (r=0.97), LMP and Ballardscore (r=0.95), as well as between New Ballard score and Ballardscore (r=0.99). New Ballard score was more accurate and had ahigher association coefficient (k=0.85) than did Ballard score(k=0.82) to LMP in identifying premature baby. The sensitivityof New Ballard score to identify premature baby was 87.7%,specificity 96.3%, positive predictive value 95.2% and negativepredictive value 90.2 %.Conclusions New Ballard score can be used to replace Ballardscore if LMP can not be assessed. Further study needs to be donewith bigger sample, involving other paramedics and unhealthynewborn babies.
Role of sublingual immunotherapy and probiotics in clinical improvements of childhood asthma
Authors: Lrmawati Mira , Endaryanto Anang , Harsono Arijanto
Published: March 2017

Background Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is an effectivesecondary prevention to improve natural course of asthma. Itsefficacy is limited to allergic asthma caused by inhalant allergen.Recent studies showed that probiotic as immunomodulatordecreases inflammatory process induced by food allergy. No suf-ficient clinical evidence reported about the efficacy of combinationsublingual immunotherapy and probiotics or probiotics only inclinical improvement of childhood asthma.Objective To investigate the role of SLIT and probiotic on clinicalparameters of childhood asthma (FEVl reversibility, medicationscore, and symptom score).Methods A randomized single blind clinical trial was conductedon 6-17 year-old asthmatic children sensitive to food and aero-allergens. Subjects were allocated to Group A receiving SLIT,Group B receiving probiotics and SLIT, Group C receiving probiot-ics only. All parameters were evaluated in week 0 untill4.Results FEVl reversibility improved in all groups. Medicationscore and symptom score was also decreased in all groups. Themost marked decrease of FEVl reversibility and symptom scorewere found in probiotics group. Statistical analysis revealedthat the difference of each parameter between groups were notsignificant.Conclusion Combination of SLIT and probiotics and probiot-ics are only similarly effective to improve clinical symptoms aschildhood asthma. Hence, information about probiotics as im-munomodulator was proved to be an excellent alternative therapyfor childhood asthma has been obtained.
Meningoencephalitis tuberculosis as a paradoxical response to anti-tuberculous therapy in a child with pulmonary tuberculosis - a case report
Authors: Nataprawira Heda Melinda
Published: March 2017

This paper reports a case of meningoencephalitistuberculosis as a paradoxical response to anti-tubercu-lous therapy in a child with pulmonary tuberculosis.
Relationship between newborn mid-upper-arm circumference and birth weight
Authors: Taufiq Muhammad Anwar , Madjid Djauriah A. , Lisal J. S. , Daud Dasril
Published: March 2017

Background  Recording  an  accurate  birth  weight  by  primaryhealth care workers has been a problem in rural areas, leadingto a search  for  an alternative, inexpensive, age independent andnoninvasive method to predict neonatal well being. Mid-upper-armcircumference (MUAC) might be  an  alternative anthropometricmeasurement useful  to  estimate the state of nutrition.Objective  To  evaluate  the  relationship  between  MUAC  andbirth weight  in  low birth weight (LBW) and normal birth weight(NBW) infants.Methods  We  measured birth weight and  MUAC  of  newbornbabies  of  various gestational ages  at  Siti Fatimah Maternity  andChildren's Hospital  and  Dr.  Wahidin Sudirohusodo  GeneralHospital, Makassar,  South  Sulawesi, Indonesia.  Correlationtests and diagnostic accuracy using different cut-off points wereperformedResults There were 892 live birth newborns (117 LBW and  775NBW) included in the study.  The  sensitivity, specificity, positivepredictive value, and negative value  for  MUACs  of<  10.3  em  were94.9  %,  99.9%, 99.1%, and 99.2%, respectively.  The  sensitivity,specificity, positive predictive value, and negative value  for  MUAC< 10.4  em  were 99.1  %,  99.6%, 97.5%, and 99.9%, respectively.The  sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negativevalue for MUAC < 10.5  em  were 100%,99.4%, 95.9%, and 100%,respectively.Conclusion  There  is  a strong correlation between  MUAC  andbirth weight. Birth weight can be predicted with the followingequation: Birth weight= -1776.383  +  (416.95 newborn  MUACvalue).  The  optimal cut-off point  for  the newborn MUAC value  forLBW infants  is<  10.5 em.
Comparison of blood glucose levels in breastfed vs. formula-fed low birth weight infants
Authors: Pangaribuan Eli Tua , Lubis Bugis M. , Sianturi Pertin , Azlin Emil , Tjipta Guslihan D.
Published: March 2017

Background  Low  birth weight infants are defined  as  babies withbirth weight less  than  2500 grams.  Low  birth weight infants tendto suffer from hypoglycemia compared to full term infants.  Theincidence  of  hypoglycemia in newborns varies between 1.3 and  3per 1000 live births. Blood glucose levels in formula-fed infantsare lower  than  those in breastfed infants.Objective  To  compare blood glucose levels in breastfed  andformula-fed low birth weight infants.Methods  A cross sectional study was conducted between February2007  and  June 2007  at  Pirngadi and H. Adam Malik GeneralHospital in Medan,  North  Sumatra, Indonesia. All low birthweight babies were classified into two groups: the breastfed  andformula-fed. Each group consisted  of  32 infants. Capillary bloodwas collected using heel pricks  at  1,  48,  and  72 hours after birth,and plasma glucose was evaluated using the Glucotrend2 bloodglucose test.Results  The  breastfed low birth weight infants had significantlyhigher blood glucose levels (P=0.002)  than  formula-fed low birthweight infants. Mode of delivery  was  related to blood glucose level.Infant delivered  by  caesarean section had significantly differentblood glucose levels  at  1 hour  (P=0.005)  and  72  hours afterbirth (P=0.027).  The  full-term infants had significantly higherblood glucose level (P=0.007)  than  the small for gestational ageinfants.Conclusions  Generally,  low  birth weight infants have hypoglycemiaafter first hour  of  delivery. Breastfed low birth weight infants havehigher blood glucose levels  than  formula-fed low birth weightinfants.
Comparison of the efficacy of artesunate-amodiaquine with quinine ... clindamycin for treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in children
Authors: Fitri Purnama , Armila Armila , Lubis Munar , Pasaribu Syahril , Lubis Chairuddin P.
Published: March 2017

Background Drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria is amajor contributor to increasing malaria-related morbidity andmortality. Artesunate-amodiaquine is a potential combinationtherapy that shows improved treatment efficacy. Clindamycin incombination with quinine is also a safe and effective treatmentfor multidrug-resistant P. falciparum malaria.Objectives To compare the efficacy of artesunate-amodiaquine andquinine-clindamycin combination therapies for the treatment ofuncomplicated falciparum malaria.Methods This randomized open label trial in 23 2 children agedbetween one month and 18 years old took place in MandailingNatal, North Sumatra, from August to September 2006. The AAgroup received a 3-day oral course of artesunate (4 mg/kg BWonce a day) plus amodiaquine (10 mg/kg BW once a day). TheQC group received a 3-day course of clindamycin (5 mg of base/kgBW twice a day) plus a 7-day course of quinine (10 mg of salt/kgBW orally for the first four days, then 5 mg of quinine salt/kg BWfor the next three days). We performed thin and thick peripheralblood smears on days 0, 2, 7, and 28.Results A total of 232 eligible children were enrolled but only22 7 completed the study (114 in group AA, 113 in group QC).The cure rates were lOOo/o in both groups by the second day, andthere was no recrudescence in either group. We found more sideeffects in AA group compared with in QC group, i.e., headacheand vomiting.Conclusion Artesunate-amodiaquine and quinine-clindamycincombinations showed similar efficacy for the treatment of uncomplicatedP. falciparum.
Early detection of anemia among school children using the World Health Organization Hemoglobin Color Scale 2006
Authors: Rusmawatiningtyas Desy , Setyowireni Dwikisworo , Mulatsih Sri , Sutaryo Sutaryo
Published: March 2017

Background The high prevalence of anemic children in Indonesiais caused by the high incidence of diseases caused by parasiticinfection such as malaria as well as iron deficiency. Early detectionis needed for early intervention in order to allow optimal growthand development. A simple, economic, and practical tool forearly detection of anaemic children is needed. The WHOrecommended a Hemoglobin Color Scale as a suitable tool forthe detection of anemia.Objective To assess the sensitivity, specificity, and predictivevalues of the WHO Hemoglobin Color Scale for early detectionof anemic children.Methods A cross sectional diagnostic test was conducted inelementary school age children. Samples consisting of two drops ofvenous blood on paper were assessed by two observers (pediatrician& paramedic) using the Hemoglobin Color Scale to visuallydetermine the level of hemoglobin. In addition, the hemoglobinlevel was also measured using a Hematology Analyzer to allow thevisual test results to be compared to the results obtained using thegold standard of analysis. Agreement between these two methodsof analysis was examined using the Cohen's kappa.Results Hemoglobin levels < 11.5 g/dL were detected in 15 of124 (12%) elementary school children. The sensitivity, specificity,positive and negative predictive values when using the HemoglobinColor Scale were 93%, 100%, 100% and 99% respectively for thefirst observer and 100%,99%,93%, and 100% respectively for thesecond observer. The Cohen's Kappa value was 0. 76.Conclusion The WHO Hemoglobin Color Scale 2006 couldbe used as an early detection method for anemia in children.
Effect of iron ... zinc fortified milk on iron status and functional outcomes in underweight children
Authors: Lestari Endang Dewi , Bardosono Saptawati , Lestarina Leilani , Salimo Harsono
Published: March 2017

Background Iron and zinc are essential micronutrients duringschool-age period. Milk could be an alternative medium formineral fortification because it is consumed frequently bychildren.Objective To evaluate the effect of iron-zinc fortified milksupplementation on iron status and functional outcomes inunderweight children.Methods 44 2 underweight subjects aged 7-10 years attending 10primary schools in Jakarta and Solo were recruited in the study.Subjects who had chronic illnesses, severe anemia, thalassemiaor cow's milk allergy were excluded. Blood samples were analyzedto determine hemoglobin, serum ferritin and serum zinc. SerumCRP was measured in sub sampled subjects (n= 60). Subjectswere randomizedly allocated to receive iron-zinc fortified milk(n = 225) and standard milk (n = 217) for six months. The fortifiedmilk will provide additional6.3 mg iron and 1.5 mg zinc per day (2feeds). The main outcomes measured were iron status, cognitivefunction, growth, physical fitness and morbidity.Results Study groups were comparable at baseline. The fortifiedmilk group had better physical fitness score and exercise durationat baseline. Both milk supplementations reduced the prevalenceof anemia and iron deficiency. Fortified milk improved the speedprocessing score (P< 0.0001), height (P<0.0001) and sittingheight (P=O.Ol) significantly.Conclusion Supplementation of milk reduces the prevalence ofanemia and iron deficiency. Zinc-iron fortified milk gives positiveimpact on cognitive performance, growth, and physical fitness.
Impact of iron therapy on Mentzer index and red cell distribution width index in primary school children with iron deficiency anemia
Authors: Ferdian Budi Andri , Rosdiana Nelly , Lubis Bidasari
Published: March 2017

Background Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) remains a commonnutritional problem, especially in school-age children. Due tothe many examinations that are needed to be performed and the invasive gold standard procedure, an easy and simple alternative examination to diagnose IDA is needed.Objective To determine the impact of iron therapy on Mentzerand red cell distribution width (RDW) indexes of children withIDA.Methods A randomized open clinical trial was conducted inprimary school aged children in North Aek Nabara, betweenNovember 2006 and November 2007. IDA was determined basedon WHO criteria. Subjects with severe anemia were excluded.Subjects were randomly assigned to groups that received eitheriron therapy or a placebo.Results Three-hundred subjects from aged 9 to 12 years oldwere recruited and 104 subjects completed the study. The meanRDW index of the iron and placebo groups after three monthsobservation were 239.96 (SD 39.25) and 235.17 (SD 31.77),respectively. The mean Mentzer index mean for the iron therapyand placebo groups after three months observation were 16.08(SD 1.98) and 16.20 (SD 2.27), respectively.Conclusion After therapy, there are no significant differences ineither the Mentzer or RDW indexes between the therapy andplacebo groups.
Comparison of the accuracy of body temperature measurements with temporal artery thermometer and axillary mercury thermometer in term newborns
Authors: Gunawan Markus , Soetjiningsih Soetjiningsih , Kardana I Made
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground Rectal mercury thermometer (RT) has beenconsidered to be a clinical thermometer that measures bodytemperature close to core temperature. Unfortunately it is relativelyuncomfortable to the patient. Axillary mercury thermometer (AT)is a relatively safe method, but time consuming and its accuracyhas been questioned. Temporal artery thermometer (TAT) isrelatively a new method that can measure body temperaturefaster, and well tolerated.Objective To compare the accuracy of temperature measurementbetween TAT and AT in neonates.Methods Cross-sectional analytic study was conducted atNeonatology Division at Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar. Every healthyterm newborn who met the criteria were measured their bodytemperature by using three kinds of thermometer consecutively. Thelimits of agreement, correlation and linear regression analysis weredone to find TAT and AT’s agreement and correlation to RT.Results One hundred and thirty four newborns were enrolledin this study. TAT had a better agreement to RT with the mean􀁇􀁌􀁉􀁉􀁈􀁕􀁈􀁑􀁆􀁈􀀃􀁒􀁉􀀃􀀐􀀓􀀑􀀓􀀔􀂞􀀦􀀃􀁚􀁌􀁗􀁋􀀃􀀕􀀃􀀶􀀧􀀃􀁏􀁒􀁚􀁈􀁕􀀃􀁏􀁌􀁐􀁌􀁗􀀃􀁒􀁉􀀃􀀐􀀓􀀑􀀕􀀙􀂞􀀦􀀃􀁄􀁑􀁇􀀃􀁘􀁓􀁓􀁈􀁕􀀃􀁏􀁌􀁐􀁌􀁗􀀃􀁒􀁉􀀃􀀓􀀑􀀕􀀖􀂞􀀦􀀏􀀃􀁆􀁒􀁐􀁓􀁄􀁕􀁈􀁇􀀃􀁗􀁒􀀃􀁄􀁊􀁕􀁈􀁈􀁐􀁈􀁑􀁗􀀃􀁅􀁈􀁗􀁚􀁈􀁈􀁑􀀃􀀤􀀷􀀃􀁄􀁑􀁇􀀃􀀵􀀷􀀏􀀃􀁚􀁌􀁗􀁋􀀃􀁐􀁈􀁄􀁑􀀃􀁇􀁌􀁉􀁉􀁈􀁕􀁈􀁑􀁆􀁈􀀃􀀐􀀓􀀑􀀖􀀘􀂞􀀦􀀏􀀃􀀕􀀃􀀶􀀧􀀃􀁏􀁒􀁚􀁈􀁕􀀃􀁏􀁌􀁐􀁌􀁗􀀃􀀐􀀓􀀑􀀚􀀓􀂞􀀦􀀃􀁄􀁑􀁇􀀃􀁘􀁓􀁓􀁈􀁕􀀃􀁏􀁌􀁐􀁌􀁗􀀃􀁒􀁉􀀃􀀓􀀑􀀓􀀓􀂞􀀦􀀑􀀃􀀷􀁋􀁈􀁕􀁈􀀃􀁚􀁄􀁖􀀃􀁄􀀃􀁖􀁌􀁊􀁑􀁌􀁉􀁌􀁆􀁄􀁑􀁗􀀃􀁏􀁌􀁑􀁈􀁄􀁕􀀃􀁄􀁖􀁖􀁒􀁆􀁌􀁄􀁗􀁌􀁒􀁑􀀃􀁅􀁈􀁗􀁚􀁈􀁈􀁑􀀃􀀷􀀤􀀷􀀃and RT with correlation coefficient 􀁕􀀃􀀠􀀃􀀓􀀑􀀛􀀚􀀃􀀋􀁓􀀟􀀓􀀑􀀓􀀓􀀔􀀌􀀏􀀃􀁌􀁑􀁗􀁈􀁕􀁆􀁈􀁓􀁗􀀃􀀓􀀑􀀜􀀛􀀚􀀃􀁄􀁑􀁇􀀃􀁖􀁏􀁒􀁓􀁈􀀃􀀓􀀑􀀘􀀓􀀜􀀑􀀃􀀷􀁋􀁈􀀃􀁏􀁌􀁑􀁈􀁄􀁕􀀃􀁄􀁖􀁖􀁒􀁆􀁌􀁄􀁗􀁌􀁒􀁑􀀃􀁅􀁈􀁗􀁚􀁈􀁈􀁑􀀃􀀤􀀷􀀃􀁄􀁑􀁇􀀃􀀵􀀷􀀃􀁖􀁋􀁒􀁚􀁈􀁇􀀃􀁗􀁋􀁈􀀃􀁆􀁒􀁕􀁕􀁈􀁏􀁄􀁗􀁌􀁒􀁑􀀃􀁆􀁒􀁈􀁉􀁉􀁌􀁆􀁌􀁈􀁑􀁗􀀃􀁕􀀃􀀠􀀃􀀓􀀑􀀚􀀙􀀃􀀋􀁓􀀟􀀓􀀑􀀓􀀓􀀔􀀌􀀏􀀃􀁌􀁑􀁗􀁈􀁕􀁆􀁈􀁓􀁗􀀃􀀔􀀓􀀏􀀕􀀚􀀔􀀃􀁇􀁄􀁑􀀃􀁖􀁏􀁒􀁓􀁈􀀃􀀓􀀏􀀚􀀖􀀓􀀑Conclusion TAT is more accurate than AT for body temperaturemeasurement in the healthy term newborns. [Paediatr Indones.2010;50:67-72].
Association of geohelminths infection and asthma in elementary school children in Kalibaru, North Jakarta
Authors: Effendi Jaya A , Said Mardjanis , Trihono Partini P
Published: March 2017

Background Asthma inflammation process and geohelminthinfection have the same immune response. Epidemiological studiesin developed countries show the increased asthma prevalenceand decreased geohelminth infection, while developing countriesusually have low asthma prevalence but high geohelminthinfection.Objectives To determine asthma proportion in children withgeohelminth infection and relationship between asthma andgeohelminth prevalence of elementary school students in NorthJakarta.Method A cross sectional study was done in February 2009 at anElementary School in North Jakarta. Asthma was diagnosed usingISAAC questionnaire which was answered by parents. We didfecal analysis using ether formaline test to establish geohelminthinfection.Results The proportion of students with asthma was 11.5%(33 of 286 children). Most of them were male, aged 6-10 yearsold, and well nourished. Geohelminth infection was foundin 71.9%of the students. Most of children with geohelminthinfection were male (55%), aged 6-10 years old (63%), and wellnourished (64%). Proportion of asthma in children with andwithout geohelminth infection is 12.6% and 8.8%, respectively.Geohelminth infection consisted of ascariasis (80%), trichuriasis(39%), and ankylostomiasis (9%). There was no significantrelationship between asthma and geohelminth infection(P=0.357), nor between asthma and ascariasis (P=0.202), asthmaand trichiuriasis (P=0.133).Conclusions The occurrence of asthma in children withgeohelminth infection is 12.6% and there is no difference ofasthma incidence among children with or without geohelminthinfection.
Normal motor milestone development for use to promote child care
Authors: Husaini Mahdin A. , Bahari Abas B. , Husaini Jajah K. , Widodo Yekti , Harahap Heryudarini , Suwarti Susi , Purnomosari Dewi , Hadis Fawziah A.
Published: March 2017

Background Motor behavior is an essential aspect of child development, and usually assessed in terms of age of achievement of motor milestone. The early detection of infants experiencing subtle delays in motor maturation can allow early intervention in developmental problems. Intervention can be more effective if delays are identified early. In order to facilitate the identification of early delays, the Center of Nutrition and Foods Research andDevelopment in Bogor has designed a simple tool to monitor the child (aged 3 to 18 months) motor development.Objective To develop an observable of normal gross motor maturation for use to detect deviance or motor delay.Methods A total of 2100 healthy children, aged 3-18 months, from high socio-economic group, in urban and suburban areas, were studied. Body length, weight and motor development were measured on all children. Gross motor development was measured 17 pre selected milestones: lie, sit, crawl, creep, stand Mth assistance, walk with assistance, stand alone, walk alone, and run.Results There were no differences between males and females in the comparison of attainment motor maturation therefore a sex combined curve was developed.Conclusion The curve of normal motor milestone development can be used as a tool to evaluate motor development over time, and/or as a child development card for use in primary health care.
The proportion of bone mineral density in children with high risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia after 6- and 12-month chemotherapy maintenance phase
Authors: Santoso Mira Christiyani , Windiastuti Endang , Tumbelaka Alan R.
Published: March 2017

Background Low bone mineral density (BMD) value is one of the current concerns in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. Some risk factors including use of chemotherapeutic drugs, nutritional status, phy sical activities, and progression of disease are suspected as the predisposing factors for development of osteopenia and osteoporosis.Objectives To obtain the proportion of BMD z-score, level of calcium ions, and 25 (OH)D3 in children 'With high risk ALL after 6 and 12 months chemotherapy maintenance phase.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional comparative study from May 2008 to May 2010. Subjects were high risk ALL patients aged 5-18 years old who had completed the 6 or 12 months chemotherapy maintenance phase. We measured 25 (OH) D3 level, calcium ion level, and BMD using electro chemi-luminescence immunoassay, ion selective electrode, and dual x-ray absorptiometry, respectively.Results There were 40 subjects who enrolled this study. The incidence of hypocalcemia and vitamin D deficiency were 33/40 and 40/40, respectively. The mean calcium ion levels, 25 (OH)D3 level, and BMD z􀁏score values in six months groups were 1.1 (0.1 SD) mmol/L, 21.3 (2 SD) ng/L, -0.7 (0.8 SD), respectively, while in the 12 months group, the values were 1.1 (0.0 SD) mmol/L, 21(2.2 SD) ng/L, -1.7 (0.6 SD), respectively (P=0.478). Body mass index (BMI) and corticosteroid cumulative dose is correlated \\lith the low BMD values in L1-L4.Conclusion The bone mineral metabolism disorder marked with the low levels of calcium, 25 (OH)D3 and osteopenia was observed in ALL patients who underwent chemotherapy. The proportion of the BMD z-score value, calcium ion level, and 25 (OH) D3 in the two groups were not statistically significant.
Interleukin-4 and immunoglobulin E levels in newborns at risk of atopic diseases
Authors: Sutanto Frengky , Wilar Rocky , Sondakh Diana Devi
Published: March 2017

Background The clinical syndrome of atopy is associated v.ith the production of immunoglobulin E (lgE) in response to antigenic stimulation as part of a type I hypersensitivity reaction. Since early prevention is regarded as an important cornerstone in the management of atopic diseases, the identification of reliable markers such as IgE and interleukin 4 (IL-4) in detecting individuals at risk are of major interest.Objective To determine whether cord blood IgE and IL-4 levels can be used as an predictor of atopy in newborns with a family history of atopic diseases.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on healthy-term newborns in the neonatal ward at R.D. Kandou Hospital from June to August 2010. A total of 50 healthy newborns in atopic and non-atopic groups were examined for cord blood IgE and IIA levels.Result The mean cord blood ILA levels in the atopic and non-atopic groups were 0.1 μg/mL (SD 0.08) and 0.1 μg/mL (SD 0.16) (P=0.359), respectively. The mean cord blood IgE levels in the atopic and non-atopic groups were 2.2 IU/mL (SD 1.98) and 0.5 IU/mL (SD 0.29) (P<0.00l), respectively. A point-biserial correlation coefficient analysis showed no significant correlation between ILA levels and family history of atopic disease (rpb=0.098), and a weak correlation between IgE levels and family history of atopic disease (rpb=0.54).Conclusions Cord blood IgE and IL-4 levels should not be used to distinguish newborns with a family history of atopic diseases from those without.
Immunogenicity and safety of a trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine
Authors: Fadlyana Eddy , Rusmil Kusnandi , Bachtiar Novilia Sjafri , Gunadi Rachmat , Sukandar Hadyana
Published: March 2017

Background Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines (TIV) containing antigens of two influenza A strains, A(H1N1) and A(H3N2), and one influenza B strain, are the standard {onnulation for influenza prevention. The vaccines must be updated annually to provide optimal protection against the predicted prevalent strains for the next influenza season.Objective To assess the immunogenidty and safety of the inactivated influenza vaccine (Flubio®) in adolescents and adults, 28 days after a single dose.Methods In this experimental, randomized, single-blind, bridging study, we included 60 healthy adolescents and adults. A single, 0.5 mL dose was administered intramuscularly in the deltoid muscle of the left ann. Blood samples were obtained before and 28 days after immunization. Standardized hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test was used to assess antibody response to influenza antigens.Results From January to February 2010, a total of 60 adolescents and adults enrolled in the study, but two participants did not provide the required blood samples. One hundred percent of the subjects had an anti-influenza titer ≥ 1:40 HI units to all three strains, A/Brisbane/59/2007 (H1N1), A/Uruguay/716/2007 (H3N2), and B/Brisbane/60/2008 (P=1.000) after immunization. The Geometric Mean Titers (GMT) after immunization increasedfor all strains: A/Brisbane, 76.4 to 992.7, A/Uruguay, 27.6 to 432.1, and B/Brisbane, 19.9 to 312.7. Twenty eight days after immunization, we found a 4 times increase in antibody titers in 75.8% of the subjects for A/Brisbane, 84.5% for A/Uruguay, and 77.6% for B/Brisbane. We also observed that 100% of seronegative subjects converted to seropositive for all 3 strains. All vaccines were well-tolerated. There were no serious adverse events reported during the study.Conclusion In adolescents and adults, the Flubio® vaccine was immunogenic and safe.
Effect of oral zinc on hyperbilirubinemia in full term neonates
Authors: Patton Patton , Rachmadi Dedi , Sukadi Abdurachman
Published: March 2017

Background Oral zinc has been shown to reduce serum unconjugated bilirubin in animals, adolescents and low birth weight neonates. However, studies in healthy tenn neonates given oral zinc showed no reduction in hyperbilirubinemia based on time measurement in days. In order to improve accuracy, hyperbilirubinemia may be determined based on time measurements in hours.Objective To determine the effect of oral zinc on hyperbiliru-binemia in full term neonates, based on time measurement in hours, rather than days.Methods We conducted a randomized, double-blind clinical trial on healthy term neonates born spontaneously or through elective caesarean section in Hasan Sadikin Hospital from June to July 2010. Subjects were randomized into two groups: those receiving 5 mg of zinc sulphate and those receiving a placebo, sucrose, each twice daily. Serum total bilirubin level was examined at discharge and upon follow􀁂up at day 5 of life. Factors which may be related to hyperbilirubinemia such as maternal age, infants' gender, umbilical cord bilirubin levels and type of feeding, were analyzed by Chi-square test. Hyperbilirubinemia persistence and comparison of survival distributions were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Logrank test.Results Out of 60 subjects, 26 had hyperbilirubinemia. The mean duration of hyperbilirubinemia in the 15 subjects in the zinc group and 11 in the placebo group were 116.5 hours and 117.3 hours, respectively. There was no significant difference in hyperbilirubinemia duration between the two groups ( P=0.496, 95% CI 111.5 to 122.7). In addition, Chi-square analysis of factors which may be related to hyperbilirubinemia showed no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05).Conclusions Oral zinc 5 mg tMce daily made no significant difference in hyperbilirubinemia duration in full tenn neonates despite measuring in hours.
Critical site differences of fusion protein between wildtype and vaccine measles virus strains in Indonesia
Authors: Setiawan Made , Sjahrurachman Agus , Ibrahim Fera , Suwandono Agus
Published: March 2017

Background Measles virus can cause high morbidity and mortality in infants and children. Fusion glycoprotein (F protein) found in the viral envelope is important for the host cell infection mechanism. F protein is immunogenic and may cause specific immune responses in the host. High variability is found in the F protein gene of vaccine viral strains compared to 'Wild type strains. This amino add sequence variability may result in a less specific immune response against other strains, possibly rendering thevaccine to be less effective.Objective To detennine the amino add sequence differences in critical sites of F protein in Mld type and vaccine measles virus strains in Indonesia.Methods We compared amino acid sequences of three genotypes of Mld type measles virus (02, 03 and D9) to those of the vaccine strains, CAM􀀸 70, Schwarz, and Edmonston􀀸wt type measles virus.Resul ts Analysis showed that there were differences at Fl􀀸F2 cleavage site, B cell epitopes, and H protein binding site between the CAM􀀸70 vaccine viral strains and Mld type strains. Schwarz vaccine strain differed from the wild type strains at the H protein binding site. A 03 wild type strain potential glycosylation site was also different from all other strains studied.Conclusion There were differences in the critical sites of F protein between Mld type strains and the CAM􀀸70 and Schwarz vaccine strains.
Effect of zinc supplementation on morbidity among stunted children in Indonesia
Authors: Siregar Rustam , Lilisianawati Lilisianawati , Lestari Endang Dewi , Salimo Harsono
Published: March 2017

Background The Indonesian Health Ministry reported that 35 .6% of Indonesian children and up to 50% in certain regions have stunted growth. They are at high risk of chronic zinc deficiency. Inadequate zinc intake may result in an impaired immune sy stem and high incidence of morbidity. Zinc supplementation is knO\Vll to improve immune status thus reducing the incidence of morbidity among stunted children.Objective To evaluate the effects of zinc supplementation on morbidity incidence among stunted Indonesian school children. Methods We evaluated the effects of daily zinc supplementation (2.38 mg of zinc􀁇supplemented milk) on the incidence of diarrhea, respiratory infections, and fever in a double􀁇blind, randomized, controlled trial in 169 stunted children (zinc􀁇supplemented n=84; placebo n=85) aged 7 to 9 years in Jakarta and Solo. Zincsupplementation and morbidity surveillance were perfonned for 6 months.Results Compared to the first 3 months of intervention, zinc supplementation resulted in a reduction in the incidence of diarrhea, respiratory infections, and fever during the second three months (by 67%, 42%, and 30%, respectively). Children from the zinc􀁇supplemented group tended to have a lower episodic incidence of diarrhea and fever than those from the placebo group, although neither of these differences was statistically significant (P< 0.45,95% CI 0.63 to 0.89).Conclusion Zinc supplementation has no significant effect in reducing the incidence of diarrhea, respiratory infections, and fever in stunted children although tended to have a lower episodic incidence.
Skin antiseptic choice to reduce catheter-related bloodstream infections
Authors: Rundjan Lily
Published: March 2017

Background The use of vascular access devices (VADs) may put patients at risk for bloodstream infections. Despite infection control prevention methods used in our neonatal unit, mean catheter-related blood stream infection (CRBSI) rates are quite high. One contributing factor for these high infection rates may be the skin antiseptic preparation procedure undertaken prior to intravenous line insertion.Objectives We aimed to reduce CRBRBSI rates by changing to octenidine hydrochloride antiseptic solutions for skin preparation in the neonatal unit at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.Methods Antiseptics for skin preparation were changed from povidone-iodine or alcohol to octenidine hydrochloride from September to November 2010. Bloodstream infection rates and hand hygiene compliance were recorded and compared before and during the study.Results The mean CRBRBSI rate in the neonatal unit before changing the skin antiseptic solution (January – August 2010) was 11.68‰ (‰ means per 1000 patient-days). During the study, CRBSI rates decreased significantly to 1.1‰ in the first month, increased to 8.7‰ in the second month, and decreased to 2.4‰ in the third month. Hand hygiene compliance for 1 moment (before aseptic task) fluctuated, reaching 93.8% and 100% before and during the study, respectively. Compliance for the remaining 4 moments of hand hygiene as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), ranged from 33.0 – 87.3% before the study and 8.0 – 100.0% during the study. The most striking decrease in these 4 moments of hand hygiene compliance in the second month was accompanied by a marked increase in CRB SI rate.Conclusions Reduced CRB SI rates cannot be attained by solely changing antiseptic solutions for skin preparation. Maintaining other prevention strategies, such as adhering to the 5 moments of hand hygiene recommended by WHO is also very important.
Assessment of oral health attitude & behaviour among dental student of Bhopal Madhya Pradesh: a comparative study
Authors: Agrawal Riya
Published: March 2017

Introduction: Attitudes & behavior towards their own oral health affect their oral health habits and also have a possible influence for the improvement of the oral health of their patients and society.Aim: To evaluate oral health attitude & behavior among a group of dental students of one of the dental colleges of M.P. & to compare a difference in oral health.Material & Method: A descriptive cross study was carried out between 200 dental students of people dental academy Bhopal M.P. India. Subjects were divided into 2 groups, i.e. group 1 pre-clinical group (first & second year) group 2 clinical group (third & fourth year). A self-administered questionnaire consisting of 13 questions on attitudes and practice towards oral health care.Results: In the present study, 130 students were from preclinical group, and 70 students were from clinical group. Most of the students brush their teeth once daily for 2 min following roll technique of brushing before breakfast using only toothpaste as a cleaning aid. All students from clinical years routinely examined their oral cavity while most of the students visited the dentist only when required. Majority of students considered oral health as important as general health and believed that oral health affects the general health. Students were also aware of the harmful effects of tobacco while only few of them were indulged in them.Conclusion: With increasing years of the study, some aspects of dental student's oral health attitude and behavior improved but this improvement was limited. Thus, the students should be motivated to become an example of oral health in the society, for which few steps to motivate them toward better oral health are proposed.
“We felt they took the heart out of the community”: Examining a community-based response to urban school closure
Authors: Green Terrance
Published: March 2017

Massive school closures are occurring in urban school districts across the United States. Research suggests that school closures are the outcome of racialized neoliberal policies and decades of disinvestment that have left many urban districts with fiscal deficits and declining student enrollments. However, some urban communities have successfully organized against school closures and reopened neighborhood schools. As such, this study examines how leaders in a community-university coalition in the Midwestern United States reopened a high school that was closed by its district. This case study draws on interviews and document data, and describes the forces that promoted school closure and its impacts on the community. Concepts from social capital and social network theories are used to guide the analysis. Findings indicate these leaders leveraged networks to negotiate a community-university social contract, took strategic and socially connected actions, and formed a community-driven education task force. This study offers implications for policy, future research, and communities in similar contexts.
Combining a fuzzy inference system with an A* algorithm for the automated generation of roadmaps for Automated Guided Vehicles
Authors: Uttendorf Sarah , Eilert Björn , Overmeyer Ludger
Published: March 2017

This paper proposes a method for the automated generation of roadmaps for AGVs. So far the roadmaps are mostly generated
manually, which leads to long and laborious planning phases. The presented method incorporates both mathematical roadmap
algorithms as well as human knowledge in the form of a fuzzy inference system. The results of the expert system are
evaluated in comparisons to the A* algorithm and to manually generated roadmaps on a real production layout. In both cases
the expert system performs better.
The Trans-Pacific Partnership
Authors: Voon Tania , Sheargold Elizabeth
Published: March 2017

This article provides an overview of the recently concluded Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP), a treaty the parties have described as comprehensive and ambitious, yet also representing a balance of competing interests. The article focuses on the TPP’s chapters relating to investment, services, intellectual property and regulatory coherence, each of which provides insight into the motivations that drove the conclusion of the TPP and the negotiating dynamics that determined its final content. In areas such as investment, the TPP takes a more balanced approach than many earlier agreements, providing greater safeguards for the regulatory autonomy of states while still embodying core protections for foreign investors. In relation to intellectual property and services, the TPP goes beyond earlier agreements in several key respects, such as preventing the imposition of local presence requirements for service providers or requiring longer copyright terms than those demanded by other international treaties. The TPP chapter on regulatory coherence is one of the most novel features of the treaty, as regulatory coherence is not frequently included in earlier trade agreements, demonstrating the increased focus of states on addressing regulatory barriers to trade and investment. While all of these elements of the TPP are interesting in their own right, given the number and size of the parties involved in the agreement, they also provide valuable guidance about the direction of other ongoing and future preferential trade agreement negotiations, such as the proposed Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) and Trade in Services Agreement (TiSA).