bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparison of haemostatic biomarkers during low-risk patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass using either conventional centrifugal cell salvage or the HemoSep device
Authors: Boyle Gethin , Kuffel Agnieszka , Parmar Kiran , Gibson Kirsty , Smith Megan , Grehan Aidan , Hunt Beverley J , Chambers David J
Published: August 2018

Background:

Cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with a coagulopathy due to haemodilution, thrombocytopenia and platelet dysfunction and the activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis, despite the use of large doses of unfractionated heparin. Conventional red cell salvage may exacerbate post-operative bleeding as plasma containing haemostatic factors is discarded. We hypothesized that a novel cell salvage device (HemoSep) may attenuate haemostatic changes associated with red cell salvage. We studied haemostatic markers following autologous transfusion from conventional cell salvage or the HemoSep device.

Methods:

This randomised, controlled trial compared haemostatic markers in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting or aortic valve replacement who received autologous blood returned from cell salvage (control) or HemoSep (study). Blood samples were taken pre-operatively, end of CPB, post-transfusion of salvaged blood and 3 hours post-operatively and analysed for full blood count (FBC), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen, D-dimer and endogenous thrombin potential (ETP).

Results:

Fifty-four patients were recruited (n=28 control, n=26 study). Processed blood volume for transfusion was significantly (p<0.001) higher in the HemoSep group. In the HemoSep group, the PT was shorter (18.7±0.3 vs 19.9±0.3 sec; p<0.05) post-operatively and the aPTT was longer (48.6±3.8 vs 37.3±1.0 sec; p<0.01) following autologous transfusion. In the control group, D-dimer and ETP levels were higher (1903±424 vs.1088±151; p<0.05 and 739±46 vs. 394±60; p<0.001, respectively) following autologous transfusion.

Conclusions:

Although centrifuged cell salvage is known to adequately haemoconcentrate and remove unwanted substrates and bacteriological contamination, the process can exacerbate coagulopathy. The HemoSep device demonstrated some increase in haemostatic markers when used in low-risk cardiac surgery patients.
Is four-week underwater treadmill exercise regimen compared to home exercise efficacious for pain relief and functional improvement in obese patients with knee osteoarthritis? A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kuptniratsaikul Vilai , Kittichaikarn Chawalit , Suntornpiyapan Phitsanu , Kovintaset Kriangkrai , Inthibal Suwicha
Published: August 2018

Objective:

To investigate the efficacy of a four-week underwater treadmill exercise regimen compared to a home exercise regimen relative to pain relief and functional improvement in obese patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Design:

Single-blind randomized controlled trial.

Setting:

Outpatient.

Participants:

Eighty primary knee osteoarthritis with pain ⩾5/10 and body mass index ⩾25 kg/m2.

Interventions:

Daily quadriceps exercise at home for 30 minutes (control group) or underwater treadmill exercise (study group) for 30 minutes/day, three times/week for four weeks.

Main outcomes:

Pain score, six-minute walking distance, quadriceps strength, and body weight were evaluated at baseline and after four weeks. Adverse events, global assessment, and satisfaction index were assessed at the end of study.

Results:

All outcomes in both groups were significantly improved at the end of the study, except for body weight. The mean difference (95% confidence interval (CI)) in outcomes between groups were −0.53 (−1.31, 0.26) for pain; 10.81 (−11.9, 33.53) meters for 6-minute walking distance; 0.67 (−0.10, 1.44) kilograms for quadriceps strength; and 0.01 (−0.66, 0.68) kilograms for body weight. No significant differences were observed between groups, for the per protocol analysis or the intention-to-treat analysis. Participants in the study group evaluated significantly better global improvement and higher patient satisfaction than those in control group (13 (39.4%) vs. 4 (10.8%); P = 0.014 and 23 (69.7%) vs. 16 (43.2%); P = 0.021, respectively).

Conclusion:

Exercise using an underwater treadmill was found to be as efficacious as home exercise for relieving pain and improving function in obese people with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis.
Performance comparison in Pediatric Fundamental Critical Care Support among staff from the USA versus those from resource-limited countries
Authors: Pierre Louisdon , Adeyinka Adebayo , Kioko Marilyn , Hernandez Rivera Jose F. , Pinto Rohit
Published: August 2018

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of participants in the USA compared with international participants taking the Pediatric Fundamental Critical Care Support (PFCCS) course, and the significance of training for resource-limited environments.

Methods

PFCCS courses were conducted in the USA, El Salvador, Haiti, Kenya, and Nepal between January 2011 and July 2013. All of the participants took pre- and post-tests. We compared the performance of these tests between international and USA participants. All participants answered a post-course survey to evaluate the didactic lectures and skill stations.

Results

A total of 244 participants took the PFCCS course, comprising 71 from the USA, 68 from Kenya, 37 from Haiti, 48 from Nepal, and 20 from El Salvador. The mean pre-test score of USA participants (50.6%) was significantly higher than that of international participants (44.7%). There was no significant difference in the post-test score between USA and international participants (78.6% versus 81.4%). There was a significant difference between pre- and post-test scores. There was better appreciation of the course content by the USA participants.

Conclusion

International course takers without prior pediatric intensive care training have similar test scores to USA participants suggesting comparable efficacy.
Hypocalcemia-based prediction of hungry bone syndrome after parathyroidectomy in hemodialysis patients with refractory secondary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Yang Guang , Zha Xiaoming , Mao Huijuan , Yu Xiangbao , Wang Ningning , Xing Changying
Published: August 2018

Objective

This study was performed to explore the risk factors for hungry bone syndrome (HBS) and establish prediction equations for calcium supplementation after parathyroidectomy in hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data from 252 hemodialysis patients undergoing successful total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation. HBS was defined according to a minimum postoperative serum corrected calcium (PcCa) concentration of <2.0 mmol/L. Independent predictors of HBS were analyzed, and prediction equations for HBS were derived accordingly. Results The incidence of HBS was 71.4%. The serum corrected calcium and preoperative serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations were independent predictors of HBS. The preoperative serum ALP, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), and hemoglobin concentrations were independent factors influencing the average descending velocity of the PcCa concentration before calcium supplementation (PcCa-V), intravenous calcium supplement holding time (IVCa-T), and intravenous calcium supplement dosage (IVCa), while the serum ALP and iPTH concentrations were independent predictors of the oral calcium supplement dosage (OCa). Four prediction equations for PcCa-V, IVCa-T, IVCa, and OCa were established.

Conclusions

Establishment of prediction equations for HBS may contribute to a new individualized therapy for patients with HBS.
Exploring lived experiences of spirituality amongst five Dalcroze teachers
Authors: van der Merwe Liesl , Habron John
Published: August 2018

This article presents an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) of the lived spiritual experiences of five Dalcroze teachers while teaching Dalcroze Eurhythmics. It responds to a recent expansion of research into spirituality within music education and also in relation to Dalcroze Eurhythmics. However, there is no study on the lived spiritual experiences of Dalcroze practitioners. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to understand how five Dalcroze teachers make sense of their spiritual experiences while teaching Dalcroze Eurhythmics. After semi-structured interviews, we interpreted the experiences of each individual participant separately before doing a cross-case analysis. A six-step, iterative, and inductive data analysis cycle was followed. The superordinate themes that emerged are: Breathing is essential; Giving and receiving energy (physical and emotional); Creating connections through sound and movement; Awareness of self, other, environment, and music; Growth and learning; Meaning and holism; Wellbeing; and Precious moments of transcending time and space. Participants’ spiritual experiences are discussed against the background of “A conceptual model of spirituality in music education” as well as “A conceptual study of spirituality in selected writings of Émile Jaques-Dalcroze.” Music educators’ awareness of spirituality while teaching Dalcroze Eurhythmics could be heightened to increase their “pedagogical thoughtfulness and tact.”
Balanced Scheduling of School Bus Trips using a Perfect Matching Heuristic
Authors: Shafahi Ali , Aliari Sanaz , Haghani Ali
Published: August 2018

In the school bus scheduling problem, the main contributing factor to the cost is the number of buses needed for the operations. However, when subcontracting the pupils’ transportation, unbalanced tours can increase the costs significantly as the lengths of some tours can exceed the daily fixed driving goal and will result in over-hour charges. This paper proposes a mixed integer programming (MIP) model and a matching-based heuristic algorithm to solve the “balanced” school bus scheduling problem with fixed start times in a multi-school setting. The heuristic solution always has the minimum number of buses as it starts with a minimal number of tours and does not alter the number of tours during its balancing stage. The effectiveness of the heuristic is tested by comparing its solutions with results from solving the MIP using commercial solvers whenever solvers could find a good solution. To illustrate the performance of the MIP and the heuristic, 11 problems were examined with different numbers of trips which are all based on two real-world problems: a California case study with 54 trips and the Howard County Public School System with 994 trips. Our numerical results indicate the proposed heuristic algorithm can find reasonable solutions in a significantly shorter time. The balanced solutions of our algorithm can save up to 16% of school bus operation costs compared with the best solution found by solvers from optimizing the MIP model after 40 hours. The balancing stage of the heuristic decreases the standard deviation of the tour durations by up to 47%.
A Spatial–Temporal Multitask Collaborative Learning Model for Multistep Traffic Flow Prediction
Authors: Tang Kun , Chen Shuyan , Khattak Aemal J.
Published: August 2018

Traffic flow prediction is a fundamental capability for successful deployment of intelligent transportation systems. Traditionally, multiple related prediction tasks are undertaken individually, without considering the relationships among the tasks. This paper presents a spatial–temporal multitask collaborative learning model for multistep traffic flow prediction. The novel approach learns multiple related prediction tasks collaboratively by extracting and utilizing appropriate shared information across tasks. First, each traffic flow prediction problem is formulated as a supervised machine-learning task. Next, the sparse features shared across multiple tasks are learned by solving a regularized optimization problem. To deal with the non-convex and non-smooth challenges, the optimization problem is then transformed into an equivalent convex problem. Finally, the global optimal solution of the convex problem is found by solving a variation of this problem using an alternating minimization algorithm. The proposed model incorporates both the spatial correlation between different observed stations and the intrinsic relationship between different traffic flow parameters, as well as the coarse-grain temporal correlation between different days in a week and the fine-grain temporal correlation between different prediction steps. Application of the proposed model to a real case study for SR180-E freeway in Fresno, California showed its effectiveness, robustness and advantages for multistep traffic flow prediction.
Evaluation of Railway Ballast Permeability Using Machine Vision–Based Degradation Analysis
Authors: Huang Haohang , Moaveni Maziar , Schmidt Scott , Tutumluer Erol , Hart John M.
Published: August 2018

Railway ballast degrades progressively as a result of accumulated traffic primarily through abrasion and particle breakage. Degraded ballast may cause reduced lateral and longitudinal stability, ineffective drainage, and excessive settlement of track structures, all of which would adversely affect the performance of ballasted track. Traditional methods of ballast degradation assessment involve time-consuming field sampling and laboratory sieve analysis; moreover, determining the level of track performance deterioration at which ballast maintenance is best considered still remains challenging. This paper investigates the permeability of railway ballast through laboratory testing and provides insight into its field drainage capacity under degraded condition using an innovative approach of field imaging. Constant head permeability tests were conducted on clean and degraded ballast samples which indicated nonlinear power-curve trends, especially for clean ballast, of unit flow amount with its hydraulic gradient. Imaging-based degradation analysis using machine vision technology was also performed on clean and degraded in-service ballast to correlate Fouling Index (FI) from laboratory sieving with Percent Degraded Segments (PDS) obtained from the recently developed image segmentation algorithm. Accordingly, a new Permeability Index (PI) is introduced in this paper to define ballast permeability in the form of a bilinear model developed from the machine vision–based ballast degradation analysis. Based on the findings of this study, a two-stage ballast cleaning process for determining the timeframe of ballasted track maintenance considering its drainage capacity is proposed.
Early Outcomes and Perioperative Complications of the Arthroscopic Latarjet Procedure: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Cerciello Simone , Corona Katia , Morris Brent Joseph , Santagada Domenico Alessandro , Maccauro Giulio
Published: August 2018

Background:

The arthroscopic Latarjet-Bristow procedure is emerging as a reliable alternative to the open procedure. The reduced soft tissue damage with potential advantages of early pain control and functional recovery is attractive. However, the operation is technically more demanding, and there are concerns regarding the potential for increased recurrence and complication rates.

Purpose:

To evaluate the available literature focusing on the reported functional outcomes and complications of the arthroscopic Latarjet procedure and compare them with the open procedure.

Study Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods:

A comprehensive systematic review was performed with the keywords “arthroscopy,” “arthroscopic,” “Latarjet,” and “Bristow,” with no limit regarding the year of publication. The review was limited to the English-language articles, and each article was evaluated with a modified MINORS (methodological index for nonrandomized studies) scoring system.

Results:

Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Overall, 813 patients met inclusion criteria, with a mean follow-up of 24.5 months. The mean Walch-Duplay and Rowe scores were 89.6 and 90.2, respectively. The overall complication rate was 16.5%; intraoperative conversion to open surgery, 2%; recurrence, 2.5%; and revision surgery, 5.6%. When only comparative studies were considered, the overall complication rates were 23.7% (arthroscopically) and 15.3% (open). The recurrence and revision surgery rates were 6.5% and 5.7% in the study group, while the corresponding values in the control group were 4% and 2.9%. The mean MINORS score was 14.5 (11.6 for noncomparative studies and 19 for comparative studies).

Conclusion:

The arthroscopic Latarjet-Bristow procedure is reliable. Outcomes are satisfactory, with less pain and faster recovery in the first postoperative week. However, the procedure is technically demanding, and higher rates of complications and reoperations should be expected. Finally, the arthroscopic operation is much more expensive in terms of implanted materials than the open procedure.
Increased Postoperative Manual Knee Laxity at 2 Years Results in Inferior Long-term Subjective Outcome After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Sundemo David , Sernert Ninni , Kartus Jüri , Hamrin Senorski Eric , Svantesson Eleonor , Karlsson Jón , Samuelsson Kristian
Published: August 2018

Background:

Increased postoperative rotatory knee laxity after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction may be associated with an increased risk of osteoarthritis and inferior subjective outcome, although long-term studies are lacking. In terms of anteroposterior knee laxity, this association has not yet been established.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose was to investigate whether postoperative knee laxity is associated with inferior long-term outcome in patients who have undergone ACL reconstruction. The hypothesis was that increased laxity would cause an inferior long-term clinical and radiographic outcome.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 193 patients underwent ACL reconstruction and were examined at both 2 and 16 years postoperatively. At the 2-year follow-up, knee laxity was tested by use of the Lachman test, the anterior drawer test, the pivot-shift test, and the KT-1000 arthrometer. Outcome variables examined at the 16-year follow-up involved a radiographic assessment of osteoarthritis, patient-reported outcome measurements, and the single-legged hop test.

Results:

At the long-term follow-up, 147 (76%) patients were examined. The mean follow-up period for the included patients was 16.4 ± 1.2 years. A negative Lachman test at 2 years resulted in a superior International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score (76.3 ± 19.4 vs 67.8 ± 19.3, P < .05) and Lysholm score (85.2 ± 11.9 vs 76.9 ± 17.8, P < .05) at the 16-year follow-up. Correspondingly, a negative anterior drawer test at 2 years was associated with a superior IKDC score (75.3 ± 18.7 vs 62.9 ± 20.2, P < .05) and Lysholm score (84.1 ± 12.1 vs 72.6 ± 20.2, P < .05) at 16 years. A negative pivot-shift test resulted in a superior IKDC score (74.5 ± 18.8 vs 46.9 ± 17.8, P < .05), a superior Lysholm score (83.3 ± 13.4 vs 58.9 ± 23.0, P < .05), and an increased level of activity (Tegner activity scale, median [range]: 4 [1-10] vs 3 [0-5], P < .05). Osteoarthritis was overrepresented in patients with positive manual knee laxity tests, but the difference was not statistically significant. The KT-1000 arthrometer result was not correlated with any outcome variables assessed in this study.

Conclusion:

Increased manual anteroposterior and rotatory knee laxity 2 years after ACL reconstruction is associated with an inferior long-term subjective outcome.
Effective removal of p-tert-Butylphenol and Pyridine, 3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-, (S)- from landfill leachate using locust bean gum
Authors: Aziz A , Agamuthu P , Fauziah SH
Published: August 2018

The widespread distribution of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in landfill leachate is problematic due to their acute toxicity, carcinogenicity and genotoxicity effects, which could be detrimental to public health and ecological systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effective removal of POPs – namely, p-tert-Butylphenol and Pyridine, 3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-, (S)- – from landfill leachate using locust bean gum (LBG), and in comparison with commonly used alum. The response surface methodology coupled with a Box–Behnken design was employed to optimize the operating factors for optimal POPs removal. A quadratic polynomial model was fitted into the data with the R2 values of 0.97 and 0.96 for the removal of p-tert-Butylphenol and Pyridine, 3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl), (S)-, respectively. The physicochemical characteristics of the flocs produced by LBG and alum were evaluated with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The infrared spectra of LBG-treated floc were identical with LBG powder, but there was some variation in the peaks of the functional groups, signifying the chemical interactions between flocculants and pollutant particles resulting from POPs removal. The results showed that p-tert-Butylphenol and Pyridine, 3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-, (S)- obtained 96% and 100% removal using 500 mg/L of LBG at pH 4. pH have a significant effect on POPs removal in leachate. It is estimated that treating one million gallons of leachate using alum (at 1 g/L dosage) would cost US$39, and using LBG (at 500 mg/L dosage) would cost US$2. LBG is eco-friendly, biodegradable and non-toxic and, hence, strongly recommended as an alternative to inorganic coagulants for the treatment of POPs in landfill leachate.
Development of a performance evaluation tool for end-of-life vehicle management system implementation using the analytic hierarchy process
Authors: Raja Mamat Tengku Nur Azila , Mat Saman Muhamad Zameri , Sharif Safian , Simic Vladimir , Abd Wahab Dzuraidah
Published: August 2018

The management of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) conserves natural resources, provides economic benefits, and reduces water, air, and soil pollution. In an effort to adequately manage flow of ELVs, modern infrastructure is considered a prerequisite. Thus, development of an effective performance evaluation tool for monitoring and continuous improvement of ELV management systems is strongly desired. In this paper, a performance evaluation tool is proposed for ELV management system implementation, based on the analytic hierarchy process. A real-life case study in Malaysia was conducted in order to demonstrate the potential and applicability of the presented methodology. The scores of eight key success factors in establishing an ELV management system (i.e., management responsibility, performance management, capacity management, resource management, stakeholders’ responsibility, education and awareness, improvement and enforcement, and cost management) are presented. The overall score of the ELV management system implementation in Malaysia is equal to 2.13. Therefore, its performance level is average. The presented multi-criteria decision analysis tool can be of assistance not only to stakeholders in the Malaysian ELV management system, but also to vehicle recycling managers from other countries in order to monitor and continuously improve their ELV management systems.
Case Report: Targeting for Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery Using Chronic Recording and Stimulation in an Inpatient Neuromodulation Monitoring Unit, With Implantation of Electrodes in GPi and Vim in a 7-Year-Old Child With Progressive Generalized Dystonia
Authors: Sanger Terence D. , Robison Aaron , Arguelles Enrique , Ferman Diana , Liker Mark
Published: August 2018

Background:

Deep brain stimulation for secondary dystonia has been limited by unknown optimal targets for individual children. Objectives: We report the first case of a 7-year-old girl with severe generalized dystonia due to acquired striatal necrosis in whom we used a new method for identifying targets for deep brain stimulation.

Methods:

We implanted temporary depth electrodes in 5 different nuclei bilaterally in the basal ganglia and thalamus, with test stimulation and recording during 1 week while the child was an inpatient in a neuromodulation monitoring unit.

Results:

Single-unit activity in ventral intermedius Vim, internal globus pallidus (GPi), and subthalamic (STN) nuclei occurred during dystonic spasms and correlated with electromyography. Stimulation in Vim eliminated dystonic spasms. Subsequent implantation of 4 permanent deep brain stimulation electrodes in bilateral Vim and Gpi nuclei resolved dystonic spasms.

Conclusion:

The use of temporary stimulation and recording electrodes to identify deep brain stimulation targets is a promising new technique that could improve outcomes in children with acquired dystonia.
Crises, investments, and political institutions
Authors: Andersson Per F , Lindvall Johannes
Published: August 2018

On the basis of a game-theoretic model, this paper argues that governments typically manage crises more effectively in systems where political power is concentrated in a single party, but they are more likely to make investments in future welfare in systems where political power is shared among several parties. The paper makes two contributions. First of all, it shows that both crisis-management failures and investment failures can be explained by a common mechanism: an inter-temporal commitment problem that arises from the inability of political agents to commit to future policy choices. Second, it shows that power-sharing institutions are often associated with more effective government than power-concentration institutions, in contrast to much of the normative literature in comparative politics, in which power-sharing institutions are often justified on other grounds, such as representativeness, responsiveness, or social cohesion. In a world where crises dominate, power-concentration institutions typically perform better; in a world where investment problems dominate, power-sharing institutions typically perform better.
Simultaneous and sequential voting under general decision rules
Authors: Bolle Friedel
Published: August 2018

In an economic theory of voting, voters have positive or negative costs of voting in favor of a proposal and positive or negative benefits from an accepted proposal. When votes have equal weight then simultaneous voting mostly has a unique pure strategy Nash equilibrium which is independent of benefits. Voting with respect to (arbitrarily small) costs alone, however, often results in voting against the ‘true majority’ . If voting is sequential as in the roll call votes of the US Senate then, in the unique subgame perfect equilibrium, the ‘true majority’ prevails. It is shown that the result for sequential voting holds also with different weights of voters (shareholders), with multiple necessary majorities (European Union decision-making), or even more general rules. Simultaneous voting in the general model has more differentiated results.
Combustion phasing modeling and control for compression ignition engines with high dilution and boost levels
Authors: Sui Wenbo , Hall Carrie M
Published: August 2018

Because fuel efficiency is significantly affected by the timing of combustion in internal combustion engines, accurate control of combustion phasing is critical. In this paper, a nonlinear combustion phasing model is introduced and calibrated, and both a feedforward model–based control strategy and an adaptive model–based control strategy are investigated for combustion phasing control. The combustion phasing model combines a knock integral model, burn duration model, and a Wiebe function to predict the combustion phasing of a diesel engine. This model is simplified to be more suitable for combustion phasing control and is calibrated and validated using simulations and experimental data that include conditions with high exhaust gas recirculation fractions and high boost levels. Based on this model, an adaptive nonlinear model–based controller is designed for closed-loop control, and a feedforward model–based controller is designed for open-loop control. These two control approaches were tested in simulations. The simulation results show that during transient changes, the CA50 (the crank angle at which 50% of the mass of fuel has burned) can reach steady state in no more than five cycles and the steady-state errors are less than ±0.1 crank angle degree for adaptive control and less than ±0.5 crank angle degree for feedforward model–based control.
Early shape change behaviour of an uncemented contemporary hip cup: A cadaveric experiment replicating host bone behaviour through temperature control
Authors: Manning William A , Pandorf Thomas , Deehan David J , Holland James
Published: August 2018

Modular uncemented acetabular components are in common use. Fixation is dependent upon press-fit but the forces necessary to achieve initial stability of the construct at implantation may deform the shell and prevent optimal seating of the polyethylene liner insert. Previous work using single-time point measurements in uncontrolled ambient temperature poorly replicates the native state. A controlled study was performed to observe the time-dependent behaviour of an uncemented acetabular shell in the early phase after implantation into the human acetabulum at near physiological temperature. Using a previously validated cadaveric hip model at controlled near physiological temperature with standardised surgical technique, immediate and delayed shell geometry was determined. Eight custom made 3-mm-thick titanium alloy (TiAl6V4) shells were implanted into four cadavers (eight hips). Time-dependent shell deformation was determined using the previously validated ATOS Triple Scan III (ATOS) optical measurement system. The pattern of change in the shape of the surgically implanted shell was measured at three time points after insertion. We found a consistent pattern for quantitative and directional deformation of the shells. In addition, there was consistency for relaxation of the deformation with time. Immediate mean change in shell radius was 104 µm (standard deviation 32, range 67–153) relaxing to mean 96 µm (standard deviation 32, range 63–150) after 10 min and mean 92 µm (standard deviation 28, range 66–138) after 20 min. The clinical significance of this work is the finding of a time-dependent early deformation of acetabular titanium shells on insertion adjusted for near physiological temperature-controlled host bone.
Examining the Effect of Marketing Innovations on GPMA: A Study Using the PLS–SEM Approach
Authors: Pant Mayank , Virdi Amarpreet Singh , Chaubey D. S.
Published: August 2018

Continuous innovation keeps running the businesses. The rise in environmental issues and, in turn, the awareness growing around have led people at large to make purchase of their most needed products and fulfil their requirements, which adhere to environment-friendly norms. Because of the environmental concerns and legal constraints, several organizations are producing green products. There is a stiff competition among the brands to establish themselves as the environment friendly green products. The sustainability for these green products depends on many factors. The important among these are packaging and pricing. To influence the purchase behaviour of consumers and thereby attracting them to purchase green products, innovative ideas in marketing for the longer shelf life of such products are required. The pace at which the green products move out of the shelf impacts an organization’s bottom line, and it has a tandem effect on the environment protection. The article aims at examining the effect of marketing innovations on the longevity (agility) of green product market agility (GPMA). Examining the effect of marketing innovations involves two aspects, and we have kept both aspects parallel to each other. One aspect is to examine the effect of packaging, that is, marketing innovation on packaging (MIPA), and the other aspect is to examine the effect of pricing, that is, marketing innovation on pricing (MIPR), with consumer purchase behaviour acting as a mediator between MIPA and GPMA and consumer purchase intention acting as a mediator between MIPR and GPMA.
Family Support and Diabetes: Patient’s Experiences From a Public Hospital in Peru
Authors: Pesantes M. Amalia , Del Valle Adela , Diez-Canseco Francisco , Bernabé-Ortiz Antonio , Portocarrero Jill , Trujillo Antonio , Cornejo Pilar , Manrique Katty , Miranda J. Jaime
Published: August 2018

Family support is crucial for managing chronic conditions but it is often overlooked when designing behavioral interventions in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). As part of the formative phase of a feasibility randomized control trial (RCT), we conducted 20 semistructured interviews with people with T2DM from Lima, Peru. Based on such results, we describe the support people with T2DM receive from their families and the role that such support has in their efforts to implement diabetes management practices. We learned that participants receive support from family members, but mostly from their spouses and children. Their relatives encourage them and motivate them to fight for their health, they also provide instrumental support by preparing healthy meals, reminding them to take medications, and sharing physical activity. Participants also reported controlling actions which were not always “well received.” Thus, any intervention supporting self-management practices need to work with key family members. We support the literature that suggests that interventions should target family members to ensure improved T2DM self-management practices.
Reaching Independence Through Forced Learning: Learning Processes and Illness Management in Parents of Children Affected by Hemophilia
Authors: Myrin Westesson Linda , Wallengren Catarina , Baghaei Fariba , Sparud-Lundin Carina
Published: August 2018

Hemophilia is a complex condition to manage, especially for parents to newly diagnosed children. This grounded theory study explores parents’ learning processes and illness management in daily life during the first year after the start of their child’s treatment. Using a longitudinal qualitative design, eight parents of four children were interviewed repeatedly during 12 to 14 months. The core category, reaching independence through forced learning, reflected the parents’ learning process and their experiences of the challenges during the first year after start of treatment. Incentives for learning were characterized by a longing to reach independence and regain control of one’s life situation. The emerging key incentive for learning was a desire to become independent of health care professionals. Early home treatment reduced the impact of the illness, and by supporting parents in different ways during the learning process, health care professionals can promote the parents’ trajectory toward independency.
Evaluation of Long-term Outcomes Following Plantar Fasciotomy
Authors: Gibbons Rebekah , Mackie Katherine E. , Beveridge Todd , Hince Dana , Ammon Peter
Published: August 2018

Background:

Plantar fasciitis is a common condition prevalent in both athletic and nonathletic populations. Approximately 10% of patients do not respond to conservative treatment and suffer chronic recalcitrant plantar fasciitis. Outcomes following plantar fasciotomy vary but short-term studies have reported excellent early pain relief and return to activity, and significant improvements in symptoms. Previous study limitations include small patient cohorts, short-term duration of follow-up or lack of validated outcome measures. We therefore aimed to investigate the long-term outcomes following complete plantar fasciotomy.

Methods:

Patients who underwent complete plantar fasciotomy surgery from a single surgeon within the past 10 years (minimum 7 months) were invited to participate in this retrospective survey study. To evaluate patient-reported function, participants were asked to complete the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS). To assess subjective outcome, the participants were provided a satisfaction survey. The satisfaction survey was designed to include the 3 key factors for assessing postoperative patient satisfaction, which are preoperative expectations, symptom relief, and hospital experience. A total of 74 questionnaires were returned.

Results:

The median global satisfaction score was 85.4 (IQR=37.5) points out of 100. Significant correlations between the global patient satisfaction score and all FAOS subscale scores were identified. Only 3 participants (4%) reported a complication following surgery; however, 32 participants (44.4%) indicated that they still experienced swelling and/or tenderness in their foot at the time of the survey (mean follow-up time 4.8 ± 2.8 years) but for the majority of patients this was improved from before surgery.

Conclusion:

Long-term patient satisfaction was experienced by the majority of patients following plantar fasciotomy. Although 44% of patients continue to have postoperative complaints, 73% indicated that they were satisfied with their symptoms postoperatively, and 74% would undergo a similar procedure again.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
Identifying At-Risk College Student Drinkers With the AUDIT-US: A Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve Analysis
Authors: Madson Michael B. , Schutts Joshua W. , Jordan Hallie R. , Villarosa-Hurlocker Margo C. , Whitley Robert B. , Mohn Richard S.
Published: August 2018

The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) is the gold standard screening measure. Recently, there has been increasing call to update the measure to reflect harmful drinking standards in the United States. The purpose of this study was to use receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to evaluate the AUDIT and the United States version (AUDIT-US). Participants were 382 traditional age ( M = 20.2, SD = 1.5) college students (68.7% female, 64.9% White) who had consumed alcohol at least once in the 30 days prior to participating. Although results provide evidence for the AUDIT and the AUDIT-US as valid screening tools, the Consumption subscale of the AUDIT-US performed the best in predicting at-risk college drinkers. The Consumption subscale of the AUDIT-US with a single cutoff score of four appears to be the optimal and most parsimonious method of identifying at-risk college drinkers.
Embracing the Cruel Optimism of Phenomenological Writing
Authors: Hughes Hilary E.
Published: August 2018

This article is about the euphoria I experience each time I write about philosophically informed phenomenological research: writing and reading and thinking that began in graduate school and has not let up since. This is the writing that takes me places I never imagined I could go. In this article, I explore how the enraptured, creative experiences I have when writing the idea, and all I let go of or put on hold to keep attempting to write it eventually became a relation of cruel optimism. The article serves as a reminder that writing to fulfill the demands of the entrepreneurial institution gets us something very different than the writing that emerges from a constant desire to engage with words. It gestures toward opportunities to share our work, our ideas, our thinking in ways that move beyond the published, legitimized neoliberal page.
Using Multiple Flawed Measures to Construct Valid and Reliable Rates of Homicide by Police
Authors: Renner Matthew L.
Published: August 2018

The study of homicide by police (HbP) has been hampered by measurement error in existing data. This study draws from three separate flawed data systems and uses confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to quantify and correct for these errors. Results show that the CFA models presented can be used to construct more valid and reliable measures of sub-national HbP rates. The improved measures are useful for conducting analyses of causes and correlates of HbP. The implications of these findings for future research are discussed.
The Impact of Insulin Resistance and Chronic Kidney Disease on Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Kosmas Constantine E , Silverio Delia , Tsomidou Christiana , Salcedo Maria D , Montan Peter D , Guzman Eliscer
Published: August 2018

There is extensive evidence showing that insulin resistance (IR) is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation. Furthermore, IR has been shown to increase the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), even in nondiabetic patients, and is currently considered as a “nontraditional” risk factor contributing to CVD by promoting hypertension, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is also considered a state of low-grade inflammation. In addition, CKD is considered an IR state and has been described as an independent risk factor for the development of CVD, as even early-stage CKD is associated with an estimated 40% to 100% increase in CVD risk. There is also strong evidence indicating that inflammation per se plays a crucial role in both the initiation and progression of CVD. Given the above, the combined effect of IR and CKD may significantly increase the risk of inflammation and CVD. This review aims to focus on the complex interplay between IR, CKD, inflammation, and CVD and will present and discuss the current clinical and scientific data pertaining to the impact of IR and CKD on inflammation and CVD.
Deep Tissue Sequencing Using Hypodermoscopy and Augmented Intelligence to Analyze Atypical Pigmented Lesions
Authors: Khodadad Iman , Shafiee Javad , Wong Alexander , Kazemzadeh Farnoud , Arlette John
Published: August 2018

Background:

Over the past decade, new technologies, devices, and methods have been developed to assist in the diagnosis of cutaneous melanocytic lesions.

Objective:

Our objective was to evaluate the performance of an augmented intelligence system in the assessment of atypical pigmented lesions.

Methods:

Nine atypical pigmented lesions on 8 patients were evaluated prior to surgical removal. No lesions had received previous treatment other than a diagnostic biopsy. Prior to surgical removal, each lesion was evaluated by an Augmented Intelligence Dermal Imager (AID) and the assessment parameters reviewed in light of the final histopathological diagnosis.

Results:

The AID was used to evaluate a limited set of atypical pigmented lesions and showed sensitivity and specificity of 82% and 61%, respectively, based on its internal risk assessment algorithms.

Limitations:

These cases represent early assessments of the AID in a clinical setting, all prior assessments having been carried out on digital images. The information received from these evaluations requires further validation and analysis to be able to extrapolate its clinical usefulness.

Conclusion:

The AID combines dermoscopy, hypodermoscopy, and a trained augmented algorithm to produce a diffusion map representing the features of each lesion compared to the learned characteristics from a database of known dermoscopy images of lesions with definitive prior diagnosis. The information gathered from the diffusion map might be used to calculate a malignancy risk factor for the lesion compared to known melanoma features. This malignancy risk factor could be helpful in providing information to justify the biopsy of an atypical pigmented lesion.
The organisation of sexuality and the sexuality of organisation: A genealogical analysis of sexual ‘inclusive exclusion’ at work
Authors: Priola Vincenza , Lasio Diego , Serri Francesco , De Simone Silvia
Published: August 2018

This article problematises sexual inclusion in the workplace by theorising the social and historical processes that underpin heteronormativity in organisations. Drawing on a genealogical analysis of sexuality and inclusion in four Italian social firms that support the work and social integration of disadvantaged individuals, the article provides an in-depth analysis of the historical conditions affecting the management of sexualities in organisations. The analysis exposes the fragility and contradictory character of the notion of inclusion by illustrating how efforts to ‘include’ are often grounded on normative principles. It also shows how heteronormativity works, in practice, to moderate different modalities of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer inclusion, recreating hierarchies and binaries within lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer individuals. The article discusses how the power of heteronormativity produces specific meanings of inclusion within which some lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer workers are included and normalised, and others remain excluded because they do not conform to normative conventions and flaunt their ‘diversity’. The necessity of taking a queer perspective on ‘inclusion’ that scrutinises the heteronormative logic is also discussed. The article concludes by shedding light on how, within a heteronormative regime shaped by neoliberal predicaments, ‘inclusive’ organisations might continue to exclude lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer individuals.
The ethno-graphy of prices: On the fingers of the invisible hand (1922-1947)
Authors: Cochoy Franck , Hagberg Johan , Kjellberg Hans
Published: August 2018

This article is part of a project examining the long-term process of price display digitalization, ranging from manually written prices to contemporary electronic shelf labels. Based on the etymology of the term ‘digital’ (from digitus, finger or toe), we intend to show that the display of prices in retail settings surprisingly rests on a long-term digitalization process that started in the early 20th century. The study is based on a systematic reading of the trade magazine The Progressive Grocer during its first decades (1922-1947). This magazine assisted independent American grocers in their move from counter-service to self-service, and in facing the challenges of new competitors like chain stores and supermarkets. In this process, the disclosure of prices and their proper writing—their ethno-graphy—was central. We focus on a crucial and transitional period: the move from coded to open prices. This period entailed a double development of price ‘fingerization’ (using the fingers to write the prices) and price ‘de-fingerization’ (getting rid of handwriting thanks to novel price tag and printing devices). Ethnographying these mundane evolutions illuminates the role of the fingers of the invisible hand that animates the market, so to say.
Stay away or stay together? Social contagion, common identity, and bystanders’ interventions in homophobic bullying episodes
Authors: António Raquel , Guerra Rita , Moleiro Carla
Published: August 2018

Two studies explored the link between social contagion concerns and assertive bystanders’ behavioral intentions in homophobic bullying episodes. Study 1 ( N = 216) examined if adolescents’ social contagion concerns (i.e., fear of being misclassified as gay/lesbian) relate to decreased behavioral intentions to help victims of bullying, by increasing negative attitudes towards lesbians and gay men. Study 2 ( N = 230) further explored if inclusive identity representations (i.e., one-group or dual-identity) were related to decreased concerns of social contagion, thereby increasing adolescents’ assertive behavioral intentions. Results (partially) confirmed both expected mediations: social contagion concerns were associated with decreased assertive behavioral intentions via increased negative attitudes towards lesbians and gay men (Study 1); one-group representations, but not dual-identity representations, were associated with more assertive behavioral intentions via decreased social contagion concerns (Study 2). These findings extended previous studies illustrating the underlying mechanisms through which social contagion concerns and common identity affect assertive bystanders’ behavioral intentions.