bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A cross-sectional study of sleep quality in urban and rural adolescents with reference to their digital exposure
Authors: Shinde Manjusha Ashlesh , Kawale Suchita , Ghosh Tandra , Shinde Prashant
Published: August 2024

Background:

With the widespread use of digital devices and increased screen time among adolescents, concerns have arisen regarding its potential impact on sleep quality. This study aims to investigate the correlation between excessive screen time and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) global scores in adolescents.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 167 adolescents aged 10–19 years residing in rural and urban areas. Participants completed self-report questionnaires evaluating their screen time habits and sleep quality using the PSQI. Excessive screen time was defined as more than 2 h per day of exposure to digital screens, and an abnormal PSQI global score was defined as more than 5. Statistical analyses, including unpaired t test, Spearman’s correlation, and chi-square test, were employed to examine the association between excessive screen time and PSQI global scores.

Results:

The results revealed a significant positive correlation between excessive screen time and abnormal PSQI scores in adolescents (r = 0.623, P < 0.001). Adolescents reporting excessive screen time were significantly more prone to abnormal PSQI scores compared to those with lower screen time (P < 0.0001, t = 9.63, degree of freedom = 165).

Conclusion:

This study highlights a correlation between excessive screen time and abnormal sleep quality in adolescents, as assessed by the PSQI. These findings underscore the importance of promoting healthy screen time habits among adolescents to mitigate potential adverse effects on their sleep quality and overall health. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms underlying this relationship and to develop effective interventions to address this issue.
Epidemiology of malaria in saravan city and its suburbs from 2018 to 2023, Southeast Iran
Authors: Dabirzadeh Shaghayegh , Bayegan Hamidaldin , Kahkhazhaleh Mahdi Rezaei , Dabirzadeh Mansour
Published: August 2024

Background:

Malaria, transmitted by Plasmodium parasites and anopheline mosquitoes, continues to be a leading cause of global disease and death. This retrospective investigation from 2018 to 2023 examines the epidemiological attributes of malaria in Saravan, southeastern Iran. It seeks to evaluate the prevalence, transmission causes, local population impact, and health system effects.

Materials and Methods:

Blood samples from suspected malaria cases in Saravan health centers were collected for this analysis. Each positive case was detailed with demographic data in a questionnaire. The SPSS 26 statistical program scrutinized data with t-tests comparing the variables.

Results:

The study indicated fluctuating malaria cases peaking in 2023, with an annual parasite incidence. (API) of 17.27. Plasmodium vivax was the predominant species (P < 0.001), with the majority of cases in individuals over 15, notably males. A significant number of cases were reported in September (20.7%).

Conclusion:

The findings emphasize the persistent malaria challenges in Saravan, accentuating the urgent need to strengthen prevention and control strategies. Reducing disease burden demands focused approaches, including improving prevention and treatment programs, enhancing surveillance systems, developing health infrastructures, and implementing localized therapies, especially considering recent climatic and rainfall patterns.
Evaluation of the new modified apnea test in confirmation of brain death
Authors: Kashefi Parviz , Abbasi Saeed , Kiani Koosha , Khajoei Maryam Khalifehsoltani , Akbari Mojtaba
Published: August 2024

Background:

Apnea testing is mandatory to confirm brain death; however, it is unsafe for patients who have substantial hypoxemia without ventilator support. We used a new modified apnea test without the need to disconnect the patient from the ventilator in the present study and compared the outcomes and complications of the new method to the widely used old method.

Materials and Methods:

The current study was conducted on people suspected of having brain death. Both the old and new apnea tests were carried out on the same individual. In the new modified method, instead of hyperventilating and then separating the brain death from the ventilator, the induced hypercapnia method was used, and instead of performing repeated arterial blood gas (ABG), the target ETCO2 was obtained, and at the time of the target ETCO2, ABG was also checked followed by comparing ETCO2 with PaCO2.

Results:

Thirty patients, including 25 (83.3%) males and 5 (16.75%) females, were included in the study. The results showed significant improvement in terms of O2 saturation and heart rate (HR) using the new modified apnea test compared to the common test. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and the frequency of complications were improved in the new modified test.

Conclusion:

The modified apnea test produced better results in terms of O2 saturation, HR, and other clinical factors, while it does not require disconnection from the ventilator and repeated ABG assessment. Therefore, it can be used to successfully diagnose brain death in high-risk individuals suffering from severe hypoxia.
A tale of two basins: juxtaposition of the Ediacaran fossil-bearing St. John’s Basin against the Ediacaran glaciovolcanic Bonavista Basin on the Bonavista Peninsula, Avalon Zone, Newfoundland
Authors: Mills Andrea J. , Normore Leon , Gomez Nicolas , Dunning Gregory R. , Lowe David G.
Published: August 2024

The Musgravetown Supergroup (MSG) of the Bonavista Basin is the central unit of Neoproterozoic strata on the Bonavista Peninsula, Avalon Zone, northeastern Newfoundland. In west Bonavista, the deep-marine ca. 620–600 Ma Connecting Point Group (CPG) is unconformably overlain by the ca. 600–540 Ma terrestrial to shallow-marine volcanic-sedimentary MSG, but fault-bounded to the east by the Indian Arm Fault. On eastern Bonavista Peninsula, the Spillars Cove Fault separates the MSG from St. John’s Basin rocks, correlative with Ediacaran strata of the Avalon Peninsula (Conception, St. John’s and Signal Hill groups) as corroborated by a U–Pb age of ca. 566 Ma. Age constraints presented here confirm the regional significance of the Spillars Cove Fault that bounds temporally and stratigraphically distinct strata.
Magmatic rocks of the Bull Arm Group (basal MSG) were emplaced during protracted regional extension. The onset is marked by eruption of ca. 600 Ma calc-alkaline basalt and coeval deposition of cobble conglomerate on the ca. 605–600 Ma CPG-MSG unconformity on western Bonavista Peninsula. Extension continued through extrusion of ca. 592 Ma tuffs and bimodal volcanics of the Plate Cove volcanic belt east of the Indian Arm Fault. The belt is overlain to the east by the mainly clastic Rocky Harbour Group. Its tuffs and peperite, locally dated at ca. 585 and 576 Ma, respectively, bracket the ca. 580 Ma Trinity diamictite—a shallow-marine equivalent of the deep-marine Gaskiers Formation of the St. John’s Basin on Avalon Peninsula. Small-volume alkaline basalts below and above the Trinity diamictite provide a clear spatio-temporal link between glaciation and extensional magmatism. Strata below the Trinity diamictite display features reflecting a glaciogenic origin and increase the thickness and areal extent of Ediacaran Gaskiers glacial deposits. The Gaskiers glaciation likely lasted for several million years and was coeval with ca. 600–576 Ma extensional magmatism within proto-West Avalonia or along its margin.
Cold snare polypectomy: A closer look at the efficacy and limitations for polyps 10-20 mm in size
Authors: Chaptini Louis A , Jalloul Sarah , Karam Karam
Published: August 2024

Current guidelines recommend cold snare polypectomy for polyps less than 10 mm in size. Conversely, endoscopic mucosal resection is still the preferred technique for larger polyps. Concerns regarding cold snare polypectomy for larger polyps revolve around the difficulty in conducting en-bloc resection (resulting in piecemeal removal), and the potential for local residual polyp tissue and a high rate of recurrence. On the other hand, cold snare technique has the advantages of shortening procedure time, reducing delayed bleeding risks and lowering cost of treatment. Numerous ongoing and recent studies are focused on evaluating the risks and benefits of this technique for polyps larger than 10 mm, with the goal of providing clear guidelines in the near future. The aim of this editorial is to provide our readers with an overview regarding this subject and the latest developments surrounding it.
Esophageal ulcer and multisystem inflammatory syndrome after COVID-19: A case report
Authors: Yang Ni , Liu Zhen , Jin Tong , Xin Hai-Wei , Gu Li , Zheng Yue , Zhou Hui-Xing , Li Ning , Liu Xin-Juan
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) is a rare but severe disease occurring several weeks after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. It develops in adults with inflammation of different organs including the gastrointestinal tract, heart, kidneys, skin and hematopoietic system.

CASE SUMMARY

We present a 58-year-old Chinese man diagnosed with MIS-A. His chief complaints were fever, generalized fatigue and anorexia, accompanied with rashes on his back. Further examination showed cardiac, renal and liver injury. He had melena and gastroscopy indicated esophageal ulcer and severe esophagitis. Repeated blood and sputum culture did not show growth of bacteria or fungi. Antibiotic treatment was stopped due to unsatisfactory performance. His condition improved after prednisone and other supportive treatment.

CONCLUSION

Gastrointestinal involvement in MIS-A is not uncommon. Intestinal involvement predominates, and esophageal involvement is rarely reported. Esophageal ulcer with bleeding could also be a manifestation of MIS-A.
A quasi-experimental study to assess the effect of Benson’s relaxation on anxiety and depression among patients with heart failure in Jordan
Authors: Aloran Asad Allah Mohammed , Jarrah Samiha Sohail , Ahmed Fatma Refaat , AbuRuz Mohannad Eid
Published: August 2024

admisBackground:Despite advancements in treatment, heart failure (HF) remains a leading cause of death. Anxiety and depression (A&D) are highly prevalent among patients with HF, negatively impacting their mortality, and morbidity. The Benson relaxation technique (BRT) is a non-pharmacological approach that is easy to learn, use, and apply for reducing A&D. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the BRT in reducing A&D among patients with HF in Jordan.Methods: This quasi-experimental pre and post-design study involved a consecutive sample of 204 participants with a confirmed diagnosis of HF. Data were collected from four hospitals in Jordan.Results: A total of 204 patients participated in this study, with 138 males and 66 females. The mean A&D scores for the sample at baseline were 11.09±2.60 and 10.80±2.30, respectively. In the intervention group, there was a statistically significant difference between pre-intervention anxiety and post-intervention anxiety levels (P<0.001), as well as between pre-intervention depression and post-intervention depression levels (P<0.001). In contrast, the control group showed no statistically significant differences between pre-intervention and post-intervention A&D levels (P=0.83 and P=0.34) respectively.Conclusions: BRT can be used as an adjunctive intervention for patients with HF to reduce A&D. Healthcare professionals should consider incorporating BRT into treatment plans, while nursing departments can lead its implementation.
Strategies and best practices of knowledge management in Academic Libraries in Nigeria
Authors: Awoyemi Robert Akinade , Okojie Victoria
Published: August 2024

Knowledge has become a crucial resource in our society. Managing knowledge (KM) helps information professionals in improving services rendered to library users. The digital era has revolutionised the landscape of KM in academic libraries, presenting new opportunities and challenges for information professionals. Academic libraries face the complex task of formulating effective strategies and implementing best practices for knowledge management. To actively participate in KM activities, certain competencies and skills are required by library personnel. Thus, this study explores knowledge management practices in academic libraries in Nigeria. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The population of the study consists of 114 library professionals working in the eight (8) academic libraries in Nigeria. The sampling technique adopted for this study was random selection and the main research instrument was a structured questionnaire. The collected data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results revealed the main purposes of implementing KM in academic libraries are improving library services, managing information explosions, and meeting information needs of users.  The highest rated areas of KM include digital and online services, reference services and technical services while strategies of KM included providing and using available ICT facilities, training in ICT and KM, and developing a knowledge sharing culture. The benefits of KM include gaining new skills, eradicating duplication of work, and providing new jobs and roles to library professionals. The study recommends that library management needs to make adequate provision for staff training and technological infrastructure to facilitate knowledge management and improve library services.
Impact of Extension Services and Input Consultants’ Activities on Crop Yields of Fadama III Additional Financing Farmers in Nigeria
Authors: Badiru Idris Olabode
Published: August 2024

The study examined the impact of the Advisory Services and Input Consultants (ASICs) activities on the crop yield of farmers under Fadama III AF. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 800 respondents to whom questionnaires were administered, but 687 of the copies of the questionnaire were used. Data analysis was done using mean, frequencies, percentages and t-tests. Findings revealed that adoption and continuous use of quality pest and disease management technology were high among all the categories of farmers with 94.0%, 93.5%, 98.0% and 94.7% of the rice, cassava, sorghum and tomato farmers, respectively. Furthermore, the average crop yield per hectare for the enterprises was rice (=11.2 tons), cassava (=29.1 tons), sorghum (=1.33 tons) and tomatoes (=9.7 tons). Meanwhile, inadequate funding/credit facility to implement knowledge gained (188 points) was the most severe constraint affecting adequate participation in ASIC activities. In addition, cassava (=40,888.01) and sorghum (=1,658.37) yields of the funded farmers were significantly higher than those of the non-funded farmers (=15,322.47 and =426.67, respectively). ASIC activities improved crop yield of the farmers. Therefore, the ASIC approach to technologies dissemination should be sustained by the Fadama management team.
Post-Emergence Striga gesnerioides Damages and Determination of Phosphate Fertilizer Concentration at Low Inoculum Level in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata(L)Walp.)
Authors: Oyenuga A. O. , Ogunkanmi L. A. , Oboh B.
Published: August 2024

One of Nigerian’s preferred crops is cowpea(Vigna unguiculata(L)Walp)  because it is recognized as a key food and nutritional security legume in Sub Saharan Africa.Striga gesnerioides(Willd.)Vatke is a primary biotic constraint of cowpea production in West Africa. There are currently limited sources of resistance in cowpea germplasm and there exists the potential for resistance breakdown . Hence,the objective of this paper was to evaluate  post-emergence Striga gesnerioides damages and determination of phosphate fertilizer containment concentration at low inoculum level in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L)Walp.) using appropriate standard method with a bid to meet sustainable development (SD) Goal 2.0 (food security), Twenty five morphological traits comprising seventeen quantitative and eight qualitative traits were evaluated. In this research,assessments of  cowpea varieties were carried out  to determine phenotypic traits which make them Striga resistant/susceptible. Striga gesnerioides damage of cowpea was post-emergent and not pre-emergent as commonly reported. Zero Striga gesnerioides emergence point was 50 kg/ha TSP.
Evaluation of the Determinants of Transition in Economic Growth among Inclusive Growth and Non-Inclusive Growth in Farming Households in Nigeria
Authors: Ajijola S.
Published: August 2024

This study evaluated the determinants of transition in economic growth among inclusive growth (IG) and non-inclusive growth (NIG) in farming households in Nigeria using secondary data from General Household Surveys for 2010, 2013 and 2016. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) and Markov chain. The result shows that mean age of the rural households were 41.8, 43.7, and 46.9 years for 2010, 2013 and 2016 respectively. Majority (65.0%, 65.4% and 65.5%) were male while 64.3%, 63.1% and 63.4% were married in 2010, 2013 and 2016 respectively. Markov probability transition matrix revealed that rural households (29.9%) remained in NIG in both periods 2010–2013 and 2013–2016 while 70.1% with NIG in period 2010–2013 moved out in 2013–2016. Rural households (46.6%) that are inclusive in period 2010–2013 transitioned into NIG in period 2013–2016. In the long run, rural households (40.2%) remained in NIG while 59.8% exited. It was concluded that with equitable resources, rural households have the probability to be inclusive and reduced non-inclusive growth.
Perception of Poultry Farmers’ on Effectiveness of Poultry Extension Service Delivery in Calabar Municipal Area of Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Udoh E. D. , Vihi S. K. , Dalla A. A. , Binuyo G. , Mbah J. J.
Published: August 2024

The objective of this paper was to analyze poultry farmer’s perception on the effectiveness of poultry extension service delivery in Calabar Municipal Area of Cross River State, Nigeria using appropriate standard methods by selecting 120 registered poultry farmers to obtain Primary data by questionnaire. Result from the study shows that poultry farmers had a mean age of 43 years.  Majority (66%) of the farmers were men and about 86% of them were married. The farmers had a mean household size of 5 persons with majority (68%) of them having tertiary education. On average, the farmers had nine years of farming experience and a mean stock size of 1,175 birds. The result revealed 43% of the farmers had contact with extension agents once in the last one year. Farmers’ perception of the delivery of extension and advisory services revealed that the farmers' perception was favourable and they expressed satisfaction with the delivery of four out of the nine poultry extension services available to them. They include; training on routine operations (4.0), advice on improved breeds of poultry (3.6), training on biosecurity measures (3.5) and training on diseases prevention and cure (3.3). The most important constraints as perceived by the respondents to limit effective extension services delivery among the poultry farmers includes; lack of funding of extension service (81%), inadequate number of extension agents (68%). The study recommends that the government should immediately boost its financing of the ADPs and recruit more extension agents to achieve effective coverage of more farmers.
Biopreservative Potential of Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon citratus) Oil against Common Food Spoilage Fungi
Authors: Adebayo M. R. , Osuolale T. O.
Published: August 2024

Food spoilage fungi are becoming a global challenge to food storage and food safety, hence tons of food are lost annually to the activities of these fungi while consumption of spoilt food are dangerous to human health. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to assess the antifungal activities of lemon grass oil (Cymbopogon citratus) against some food spoilage fungi using different standard techniques such as dilution plating technique, colonial and morphological characterization. Oil extraction was done using fractional distillation method and biocompounds evaluation with GC-MS, antifungal activity, the minimum inhibitory (MI) and fungicidal concentrations (MFC) were determine using standard methods. Results show that five fungi were identified as Aspergillus niger, Penicillum sp., Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus flavusand Aspergillus terreus. The GC-MS of the oil detectscitral, citronellol, neral, geranial, limonene and geranyl acetate, flavonoids, alcohol and terpenoids. The oil was cidal to 100 % of the fungi at stock concentration. The minimum inhibitory concentrations against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus terreus was 0.781 μL/ml, Penicillumsp. 0.391μL/ml, and Aspergillus flavus, 6.25μL/ml. The MFC for Aspergillus nigerwas 1.563μL/ml, 0.781μL/ml for Penicillumsp and Aspergillus oryzae 6.25μL/ml for Aspergillus flavus and 1.563 μL/ml for Aspergillust erreus. Lemon grass oil extracted was active against common food spoilage fungi examined and could be a potential biopreservative and antifungal agent.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Concerning Cervical Cancer Screening among Reproductive Age Group Women in Low-Resource Settings in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Authors: Okaba E. A.
Published: August 2024

Nigeria has one of the highest rates of cervical cancer morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. Both the human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV) and cervical screening are effective prevention strategies against both HPV infection and cervical cancer. Lack of awareness, limited knowledge, limited decision-making agency, lack of spousal support and stigma are barriers to uptake of these preventive measures. Hence, the objective of this paper was to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice concerning cervical cancer screening among reproductive age group women in low-resource settings in Okaka and Agudama Communities of Yenagoa Metropolis, Bayelsa State, Nigeria using Pap smear screening of 406 women and a structured questionnaire. Results showed that women who participated in the study were aware of cervical cancer (78.3%; n=318) but many (70.4%; n= 286) were unaware of Pap smears as the screening tests for cervical cancer. Although few of them (45.6%; n =185) knew about a screening center, out of which 17.6% (n= 32) reported that the screening center was less than 2km away from their residences. There is need for health care professionals, to intensify efforts to increase awareness about cervical cancer screening, and encourage women through the different clinics to use these services. The benefits of screening and early diagnosis of cervical cancer should be emphasized to enhance the utilization of cervical cancer screening services.
Awareness and practice of scleral contact lens fitting among optometrists in Nigeria– A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Billo Ngozi N. , Shuaibu Ayishetu O.
Published: August 2024

Background: To investigate the awareness and practice of scleral contact lens fitting among optometrists in Nigeria.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between November and December 2022 that required optometrists practicing in  Nigeria to fill a self-administered, electronic online pretested questionnaire that included 17 questions on practitioner demographics,  awareness and practice of scleral contact lenses. Microsoft Excel was used for Descriptive statistics of data obtained, while IBM SPSS  Version 25.0 software was used for the Cronbach Alpha test for reliability of the modified questionnaire and Chi-square test to determine the relationship between gender and awareness of scleral contact lens practice.
Results: A total of 307 of the 310 responses were included in the study. 3 of the responses were excluded because they were not properly  filled. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of years of practice was 11.2 ± 8.4 years and the contact lens fitting experience was  7.3 ± 6.9 years. Most optometrists surveyed worked in private practice (60.3%, n=185) or hospital-based settings (30.6%, n=94). The  majority of optometrists (94.1%, n=289) reported they were aware of scleral contact lenses and only a small portion (5.9%, n=18) had not  heard of it. There was no significant relationship between gender and awareness of scleral contact lens (p=0.422). Out of the 307  responses received, only 44 (14.3%) optometrists indicated that they fit scleral contact lenses. The most frequent condition for which  scleral contact lenses were prescribed included Keratoconus (n=33, 75%) and the least condition was Presbyopia (n=1, 2.3%). However,  majority of optometrists (n=263, 85.7%) reported scleral contact lenses were not fitted in their practice, the most frequent reason being  the unavailability and cost of scleral contact lenses (n=177, 67.3%), followed by negative assumptions and attitudes of patients towards  contact lens wear (n=107, 40.7%).
Conclusion: The level of awareness of scleral contact lenses among optometrists in Nigeria is high; however, there is a limited practice of scleral contact lens fitting in Nigeria which could be as a result of the unavailability and cost of  these lenses.
Identification of Contact lens bacterial Isolates from Students of University of Benin, Nigeria, Using 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis
Authors: Iyamu E. , Ekhaise F.O.
Published: August 2024

Purpose: Molecular phylogenetic analyses have proven beneficial in overcoming some limitations of traditional phenotypic procedures  for the detection and characterization of bacterial isolates. The aim of this study was to identify bacterial isolates from hydrogel (soft)  contact lenses worn by selected students of the University of Benin, Nigeria, using 16S rRNA gene analysis.
Methods: Eleven bacterial  isolates from the worn hydrogel lenses, which remained unidentified with the traditional phenotypic techniques, were transferred to the  molecular biology section of the Labor Medical and Research Laboratory for possible identification by phylogenetic analysis, to have a full  range of bacteria considered as normal flora of the eyes. Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted with the ZymoBIOMICS DNA Mini Kit  (Zymo Research Corp., Irvin, CA, USA), amplified with polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the amplicons were sequenced with the  ABI3500xL Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). The nucleotide sequences were assembled and deposited in the  GenBank database for alignment with the prototype strains.
Results: The bacterial isolates identified were Burkholderia cenocepacia  GIMC 4560: BCN122, Cupriavidus pauculus KPS 201, and Comamonas testosteroni M.pstv. 4.2, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus NBRC 13006,  Achromobacter denitrificans SW2, Bacillus cereus FORC_048, Staphylococcus saprophyticus Marseille-P541, Burkholderia cenocepacia GIMC  4560: Bcn122, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus 7.3, and Comamonas sp. 6.1 and Acinetobacter sp. pp2a.
Conclusion: The 16S rRNA gene  sequence analysis was able to identify 82% of the isolates at the strain level and 18% at the genus level.
Determination Of the Physico-Chemical and Primary Productivity Levels of The Owabi Lake, Ghana
Authors: Arkoh Martin Abed , Anning Alexander Kofi
Published: August 2024

The primary productivity of water bodies is important in considering the health and resilience of aquatic ecosystems. Primary productivity depends on free oxygen and the chlorophyll a contents of a water body. The study determined the primary productivity and chlorophyll ‘a’ level of the Owabi lake to serve as a primary data upon which further studies could rely on. Twenty six sites along the margins of the lake were mapped with GPS and 5.0 meter x 5.0 meter quadrats laid. Within each of the demarcated site, some physico-chemical parameters were measured by standard procedure on the field and in the laboratory, and 100ml of the water sample was sent to the laboratory for chlorophyll ‘a’ determination. The dissolved oxygen concentrations in the bottles were measured with an OAKTON DO multimeter and the physico-chemicals, with a multi-purpose field meter. Within each quadrat, three dissolved oxygen measurement bottles, representing oxygen levels during day period, dark period and a control, were laid 5.0 cm depth into the water body overnight. The physico-chemical parameters recorded mean values that were lower than the WHO limits with p=0.553 indicating non-significant differences within the studied sites. The nutrients values were low but increased in concentrations at the lower portion of the lake. The chlorophyll ‘a’ indicated highest value (53.71±2.06 μg/L) at the lower part of the lake, while the lowest (34.09±0.99 μg/L) was recorded at the upper portion indicating eutrophic status. The Net Primary Productivity (NPP) was higher at the middle portion with 5.20±0.05mg/L, while the oxygen production in the dark (respiration) indicated 4.33±0.32mg/L at the lower part. The highest Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) value of 18.74±0.16mg/L/hr was found at the lower part of the lake with free oxygen registering 0.67±0.07mg/L in the middle portion. Though, the physico-chemical values were within the WHO acceptable ranges, the lower and inadequate levels of the NPP and free oxygen with a hyper-eutrophy in chlorophyll a concentration render the lake unhealthy and unsustainable for the life of aquatic organisms.
How Gender roles Determine Resilience to Food Insecurity among Agro-pastoral Communities in Central Tanzania: HFIAS Analysis
Authors: Kalumanga Venance
Published: August 2024

The study assessed how gender roles determine resilience to food insecurity among agro-pastoral communities in central Tanzania specifically in Chamwino, and Chemba Districts in Dodoma region. Chi-square and One-way ANOVA tests were used to analyze each variable’s independence and compare the means respectively. Findings revealed that gender roles determine resilience mechanisms to food insecurity and those roles assigned to women were reported to have higher scores of resilience to food insecurity in all attributes of absorptive, adaptive, and transformative. The higher score indices signify that women are the key players in fighting food insecurity instances; this is because of the roles assigned to them. The findings under the Chi-Square test and One-way ANOVA results show a significant correlation between the assigned gender roles and resilience attributes. Gender roles including responsibilities to address seasonal variations, taking care of children, sick and old people, cooking, selection, allocation, distribution, and preservation of food were reported to have statistically significant associations with resilience mechanism to food insecurity as p= 0.03, 0.03, 0.04,0.03, 0.03 correspondingly. Thus, gender roles predominantly those assigned to women need hypersensitive considerations when addressing resilience to food insecurity not only in Dodoma region, Tanzania but in Africa where gender norms are still mounting.
Assessment of health risk exposure of pupils to classroom dust in some primary schools In Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Kamgba F.A. , Abong A.A.
Published: August 2024

This study examined the health risk exposure of pupils to classroom dust in some primary schools in Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State, Nigeria. Dust samples were collected from chosen primary schools by the sweeping method. The samples were analyzed using Ultra -Violet Spectrophotometer Palintest model 7500. The data were analyzed using ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact models. The findings of the study revealed that classrooms in the study area are heavily polluted with Ni, Cu, Cr, Cd and Co with exception of a few schools and this may pose health risks to the pupils. The mean concentration of heavy metals was in this order: Co>Fe>Cu>Mn>Cr>Ni>Zn>Cd>Pb. The calculated values of the hazard quotient (HQ) and the hazard index (HI) were greater than 1. The total carcinogenic risk was in this order: Cr>Cd>Ni>Pb and were all greater than the acceptable range of 1 x 10-6 – 1 x 10-4 indicating a significant risk indicators of cancer. The implication of this is that there is the likelihood of cancer risk. It was therefore recommended that the State Universal Basic Education Board (SUBEB) should sponsor research to routinely monitor the classrooms to ensure that they are pollution – free of heavy metals such as Ni, Cu, Cd and Co. There should be an awareness campaign among teachers and pupils on good sanitation and hygiene in the classrooms and school environment. Also, environmentally – free remediation techniques should be used by experts to clean off heavy metals in classrooms.
Study on physicochemical and levels of selected metals in the soils of Abuja Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Ibrahim R. , Dauda M.S. , Igwemmar N.C. , Adebisi F.
Published: August 2024

A study of Abuja soils was carried out to determine physicochemical parameters and levels of selected metals. Flame atomic absorption spectrometer was used to determine total metal concentration. Aqua-regia (HCl-HNO3-H2O in the ratio 1:1:1) for the determination of the concentrations of Zn, Mn, Cu and As in the soils was employed also. Range of urban soil parameters were: electrical conductivity(16.20±0.20-374±0.50), pH(6.30±0.30-7.20±0.20), SO4(7.40±0.40-127.35±0.07)and Cl (25.02±0.02-65.05±0.01). Range of parameters in sub urban soil samples were: EC(12.10±0.10–269.05±0.05), pH(2.20±0.20-7.20±0.20),SO4(11.25±0.0766.35±0.07)and Cl(40.02±0.02–60.02±0.03).Sequence of metals concentrations in urban soils is as follows: Zn>Cu>Mn>As, sub urban soil samples had :Zn>Cu>Mn>As. Excess SO4 in Abuja soils can devastate the environment with acid rain. Excess Cl in Asokoro Forest portends danger to the environment as it destroys plants and aquatic habitat. Excess Zn in the soils inhibits photosynthesis in plants, thereby increasing the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere, causing global warming and also excess Cu in Abuja soils can interfere in the decomposition and other microbial activities in the soils, thereby affecting soil balance. An effective measure such as environmental risk assessment should be conducted periodically by relevant authorities towards controlling Zn contents in Abuja soils in order to reduce global warming.
Geophysical investigation of subsoil corrosivity within university of Cross River State, Calabar, Calabar Southern Nigeria
Authors: George A.M.
Published: August 2024

Assessment of subsoil corrosivity was conducted within the University of Cross River State, Calabar, Calabar Campus, Southern Nigeria. The study employed electrical resistivity methods. The results from vertical electrical sounding revealed that the topsoil of VES1 and VES3 was slightly corrosive at depths of 2.20m and 0.70m while that of VES2 and VES4 were practically non–corrosive at depths 0.60m and 1.00m. The electrical resistivity tomography across the VES2 and VES4 showed a low resistivity at horizontal distances between 5.0m and 10.0m at a depth of 3.75m, indicating very strongly corrosive. Other areas of the profile with resistivity from 19.0 'Ωm to 38.0  'Ωm at a depth of between 6.38m and 19.8m indicate moderately corrosive and 75.0 'Ωm which is slightly corrosive. A resistivity of 148.0 'Ωm to >580 'Ωm at the top layer indicates practically non–corrosive at depths 6.38m and 19.4m. Hence, metallic pipes should be buried at depth 3.0m.
A robust evaluation of the exponential-logarithmic distribution and its application to trade credit period data for perishable goods (a case study of Agbor Fruit Market, Agbor, Delta State)
Authors: Ezimadu Sophia Oghenevwaire , Tsetimi Jonathan , Okwonu Friday Zinzendoff
Published: August 2024

In this work, the Exponential-Logarithmic Distribution (ELD) was used to analyze real-life data, and some properties of the distribution were discussed with the help of the Mathematica software. Simulation study was also carried out for different values of the parameters of some distributions with the aid of the mathematical package, and observations were recorded. Comparison between the theoretical moments and the raw moment shows that the Exponential-Logarithmic distribution is a good fit for the data. The method of maximum likelihood estimation was used (mle) to estimate the model parameters. The score function could not be solved directly since it is a non-linear system of equation and the Newton Raphson’s iterative method was used for the numerical computation of the parameter estimates. This was achieved with the use of the mass, stat4, nacopula and fitdistrplus packages in R software. The model was applied to a real-life problem on the length of time (trade credit period) it takes a retailer to pay back goods bought on credit from the supplier before he is debt free in Ika-south local government area, Delta state and prediction was made with the aid of the survival and the hazard function. At time zero, the probability of “survival” (that is the probability that a retailer remains a debtor immediately after the purchase is 1.0). This is the same as saying that 100% of retailers remain debtors immediately after purchase. Now, the median survival is approximately 26 hours. Thus, the length of time (credit period) from after purchase that half of the retailers receive trade credit funding is 26 hours that is to say, half of them will “survive” trade credit funding after 26 hours.
Investigation of the effectiveness of fenton oxidation for remediating ballast water contaminated soil
Authors: Umudi E.Q. , Umudi O.P.
Published: August 2024

Ballast water released from ships have been known to contaminate water bodies and soils and introduce invasive species into the immediate environment, if not properly treated or if not treated at all. There is therefore a need to design several strategies in preventing and/or ameliorating this and to establish the effectiveness of each strategy. This paper therefore investigates the effectiveness of the use of fenton oxidation in the remediation of ballast water contaminated soil. Soil samples were collected from Otorho Abraka and stimulated with ballast water in a laboratory scale experiment. The soil samples were mixed with solutions containing hydrogen peroxide and ferrous ions at varying concentrations. The reaction proceeded for twelve (12) weeks, then the samples were analyzed for removal of contaminants. There was pH reduction from 5.10 to 4.00, but increase in the total organic carbon from 2.80% to 3.40%. Total phosphorus was between 7.20 - 453mg/l, while total nitrogen ranged from 1.70mg/l to 2.10mg/l. There was also an increase in heavy metal content. Soil texture was slightly affected with Fenton reagent. The result showed a significant reduction in the concentration of pollutants with time, since more hydroxyl radicals reacted with the contaminants. Its efficiency and kinetics was established as first-order reaction
Quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical emerging contaminants in water and fish samples of river Kaduna
Authors: Rumah Hafsat Tukur , Bello Rilwan Hadiza , Bako Hauwaâ€™u Yakubu , Nuhu Abdullahi Maikud
Published: August 2024

The presence of pharmaceutical emerging contaminants (PECs) in natural waters has drawn the attention of many Scientists worldwide. Reports on the presence of these contaminants in different water systems continue to increase over the last few decades. This provokes worry about their potential negative implications to biodiversity and humans and their accumulation over a long period of time due to their ability to biotransform and thus breaks down into metabolites that can be more bioactive than the drug itself. Additionally, they can potentially create physiological effects in humans at small doses. This research involved preliminary investigations on disposal practices of expired drugs by pharmacists within Kaduna Metropolis. Water and fish samples from river Kaduna were collected and prepared for GCMS analysis to detect the presence of PECs. Preliminary investigations on disposal practices of expired drugs by pharmacists within Kaduna metropolis revealed that about 60% of the pharmacists discard their expired products by either dumping in bin or burning; 20% reported to follow National (NAFDAC) guidelines while about 20% either refused to respond or were not aware about the disposal practices. The GC-MS results obtained for water sample revealed the presence of N-(3-methylbutyl) acetamide (335 g/L), acetic acid (81 g/L) and cyclopentaneundecanoic acid (140 g/L). Whereas in fish sample, 26-nor-5-cholesten-3-beta.-ol-25-one (400 g/kg), 1,3-benzene diol (160 g/kg), cyclopentaneundecanoic acid (170 g/kg) as well as N- (3-methylbutyl) acetamide (40 g/kg) were present. Some of the compounds found in relatively lower concentrations in the water sample were phthalic acid (27 g/L), guanidine (27 g/L), gluconic acid (17 g/L) and silver acetate (0.7 g/L) while in fish sample, hydroxylamine (3 g/kg), 1,5 heptadiene (12 g/kg) and silane (4 g/kg) were present. Most of the compounds detected are either esters, acids and alcoholic compounds. Studies on PECs in Nigeria are either ignored or limited especially in Northern part of the Country despite its occurrence in different locations and different environmental compartments with variations in concentrations. This research will create awareness and expose individuals and stakeholders to the potential negative effects of these contaminants. Pharmaceutical chemicals are very broad which include solvents, water, reactants and others. They are found in different environmental compartments. Many PECs are found in both the water and fish samples. Accumulation of these contaminants over time could be deleterious to life.
Molecular identification of Rhodopseudomonas palustris isolated from soil in waste dump site in Minna metropolis
Authors: Ezeagu G.G. , Rikiji U.S. , Ndanusa H.A.
Published: August 2024

Rhodopseudomonas palustris, is a purple non-sulphur bacterium with properties of extraordinary metabolic versatility, carbon source diversity and metabolite diversity. Due to its biodetoxification and biodegradation properties, R. palustris has been traditionally applied in wastewater treatment and bioremediation, and also in agriculture. This study aimed to isolate and identify R. palustris from waste dump site in Minna, Nigeria, using conventional and molecular techniques. Soil samples were collected at 3 cm depth from different points at waste dump sites in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. Inoculation was made on Nutrient agar plates and incubated at 30 ºC under 60 W incandescent light for 7days. The suspected bacterial isolate, based on cultural and morphological characteristics as well as biochemical reactions was subjected to molecular ribotyping. A PCR product of approximately 789 bp DNA maker was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis using 1500 bp Lamda maker. The DNA fragments of the isolates were obtained from DNA sequencing and were deposited in the NCBI-GenBank database. Based BLASTn search in GenBank using the fragments as the query, showed that the 16S rDNA of EG-4 share 99% sequence identity with Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Results of this study indicate the presence of R. palustris in waste dump site in Minna.
Методи та принципи створення вихідного матеріалу для селекції кукурудзи
Authors: Гайдаш Олександр , Негода Тетяна , Ольховик Максим
Published: August 2024

Класифікація самозапилених ліній кукурудзи є важливим аспектом селекційної роботи, оскільки дозволяє ефективно організувати процес відбору, знизити витрати та підвищити точність селекції. Існує кілька підходів до класифікації, кожен з яких має свої особливості та переваги. Першим є класифікація за агрономічними ознаками, які включають показники продуктивності та адаптивності ліній в польових умовах, такі як врожайність, стійкість до захворювань та абіотичних стресів. Другим підходом є класифікація за генетичними ознаками, які визначаються за допомогою генетичних маркерів і включають аналіз генетичної різноманітності. Третій підхід включає класифікацію за морфологічними ознаками, такими як висота рослин, форма і розмір качанів, кількість рядів зерен у качані та маса тисячі зерен. Четвертий підхід базується на фізіологічних ознаках, які відображають біохімічні та фізіологічні процеси в рослинах, такі як фотосинтетична активність, водний режим та температурна адаптація. Дослідження також підкреслюють важливість використання біотехнологічних методів, таких як культури андрогенезу та гаплопродюсери, для прискорення створення самозапилених ліній. Оцінка самозапилених ліній проводиться за допомогою польових випробувань і генетичних маркерів, що дозволяє визначити їх врожайність, стійкість до захворювань та адаптивність до різних екологічних умов. Класифікація самозапилених ліній кукурудзи дозволяє оптимізувати селекційні програми та підвищити ефективність створення гібридів з високим гетерозисним ефектом. На основі результатів досліджень пропонуються рекомендації щодо використання різних методів класифікації для досягнення максимальних результатів у селекційній роботі.
Analysis of effectiveness of information process management in banking institutions
Authors: Dakhno Hennadii
Published: August 2024

A key aspect affecting the competitiveness of banks is the management of IT processes. Effective management of IT processes ensures the reliability, security, scalability of banking services, and fosters innovation implementation. Key issues include uneven load on computing power and personnel, complexities of software integration, and insufficient detailing of technological processes. The use of architectural patterns has been proposed to enhance the efficiency and flexibility of IT infrastructure. Architectural patterns can serve as an effective tool to achieve stable and reliable operation of banking system.
Розходження морських суден при кібернетичних атаках в рейсовому циклі
Authors: Шумілов Дмитро
Published: August 2024

У процесі розвитку сучасного судноплавства, окрім навігаційних ризиків, додатково виникли й кібернетичні. Вони пов’язані з широким впровадженням комп’ютерних технологій та використанням безкабельних ліній зв’язку між приладами на суднах та при зовнішньому радіозв’язку. Крім того принцип роботи використовуваних приладів засновано на передачі і прийомі радіохвиль, що призводить до вразливості при кібернетичних атаках, яку не було враховано при проектуванні такого обладнання. Тому необхідно розробити рекомендації для судноводіїв по способам штурманської роботи при виникненні загроз кібернетичних атак для управління маневруванням судна при розходженні. Методи: використано сучасні способи рішення задачі розходження суден в звичайних умовах. Враховано закономірності маневру останнього моменту, методу каталогу і контролю небезпеки зіткнення за характером зміни відносного напрямку небезпечного судна. Результати: показано, що не існує способів рішення задачі розходження при відсутності приладів для вимірювання відстані до зустрічного судна в умовах кібернетичних атак. Тому запропоновано розділити стадію зближення на три етапи: надмірне; небезпечне; аварійне. Оцінку небезпеки зіткнення і вибір маневру для розходження пропонується виконувати за розташуванням цілі відносно діаметральної площини – справа/зліва, характером зміни лінії відносного напрямку за годинниковою чи проти годинникової стрілки і тенденцією наближення – віддаляється чи наближається. Обговорення: аналіз небезпеки зіткнення за розташуванням цілі – справа/зліва, за характером зміни відносного напрямку – постійний чи змінюється, за визначенням напрямку повороту лінії руху – від нас чи до нас, за каталогом – в табличній формі дозволяє вибрати ефективний маневр, який буде повертати лінію відносного руху від нас.