bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Earth System Chemistry integrated Modelling (ESCiMo) with the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) version 2.51
Authors: Jöckel Patrick , Tost Holger , Pozzer Andrea , Kunze Markus , Kirner Oliver , Brenninkmeijer Carl A. M. , Brinkop Sabine , Cai Duy S. , Dyroff Christoph , Eckstein Johannes , Frank Franziska , Garny Hella , Gottschaldt Klaus-Dirk , Graf Phoebe , Grewe Volker , Kerkweg Astrid , Kern Bastian , Matthes Sigrun , Mertens Mariano , Meul Stefanie , Neumaier Marco , Nützel Matthias , Oberländer-Hayn Sophie , Ruhnke Roland , Runde Theresa , Sander Rolf , Scharffe Dieter , Zahn Andreas
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Three types of reference simulations, as recommended by the Chemistry–Climate Model Initiative (CCMI), have been performed with version 2.51 of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts – Hamburg (ECHAM)/Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model: hindcast simulations (1950–2011), hindcast simulations with specified dynamics (1979–2013), i.e. nudged towards ERA-Interim reanalysis data, and combined hindcast and projection simulations (1950–2100). The manuscript summarizes the updates of the model system and details the different model set-ups used, including the on-line calculated diagnostics. Simulations have been performed with two different nudging set-ups, with and without interactive tropospheric aerosol, and with and without a coupled ocean model. Two different vertical resolutions have been applied. The on-line calculated sources and sinks of reactive species are quantified and a first evaluation of the simulation results from a global perspective is provided as a quality check of the data. The focus is on the intercomparison of the different model set-ups. The simulation data will become publicly available via CCMI and the Climate and Environmental Retrieval and Archive (CERA) database of the German Climate Computing Centre (DKRZ). This manuscript is intended to serve as an extensive reference for further analyses of the Earth System Chemistry integrated Modelling (ESCiMo) simulations.
Enhancing the T-shaped learning profile when teaching hydrology using data, modeling, and visualization activities
Authors: Sanchez Christopher A. , Ruddell Benjamin L. , Schiesser Roy , Merwade Venkatesh
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Previous research has suggested that the use of more authentic learning activities can produce more robust and durable knowledge gains. This is consistent with calls within civil engineering education, specifically hydrology, that suggest that curricula should more often include professional perspective and data analysis skills to better develop the "T-shaped" knowledge profile of a professional hydrologist (i.e., professional breadth combined with technical depth). It was expected that the inclusion of a data-driven simulation lab exercise that was contextualized within a real-world situation and more consistent with the job duties of a professional in the field, would provide enhanced learning and appreciation of job duties beyond more conventional paper-and-pencil exercises in a lower-division undergraduate course. Results indicate that while students learned in both conditions, learning was enhanced for the data-driven simulation group in nearly every content area. This pattern of results suggests that the use of data-driven modeling and visualization activities can have a significant positive impact on instruction. This increase in learning likely facilitates the development of student perspective and conceptual mastery, enabling students to make better choices about their studies, while also better preparing them for work as a professional in the field.
Prevalência de sífilis em mulheres do sistema prisional de uma capital do nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Araújo Telma Maria Evangelista de , Araujo Filho Augusto Cezar Antunes de , Feitosa Karla Vivianne Araújo
Published: March 2016

Esta pesquisa objetivou investigar a prevalência de sífilis e fatores associados em internas na penitenciária feminina de Teresina-PI, Brasil. Estudo de corte transversal, realizado em novembro de 2013. A população foi constituída pelas internas da referida penitenciária (n=131). Os dados foram coletados por meio de um formulário contendo questões fechadas e mistas. A média de idade foi 33,1 anos, 60,3% afirmaram não manter relacionamento estável e 93,1% possuíam filhos. O consumo de álcool foi referido por 70,8%, e o uso de drogas ilícitas por 56,2%. Evidenciou-se que 38,5% das mulheres nunca utilizam camisinha nas relações sexuais e que 62,2% não sabem como se dá a transmissão da sífilis. A alta prevalência da sífilis, 25,2%, está estatisticamente associada à situação conjugal, uso de drogas ilícitas e consumo antes das relações sexuais, demonstrando que condições socioeconômicas desfavoráveis são importantes marcadores de risco e de vulnerabilidade para as DST.
Diagnóstico de enfermagem Conhecimento Deficiente em usuárias de anticoncepcional oral combinado
Authors: Tamboril Ana Carolina Ribeiro , Alcântara Jacqueline Alves da Silva , Áfio Aline Cruz Esmeraldo , Sousa Carla Suellen Pires de , Rebouças Lidiane Nogueira , Moura Escolástica Rejane Ferreira , Lopes Marcos Venícios de Oliveira
Published: March 2016

Objetivou-se analisar a acurácia das características definidoras do diagnóstico de enfermagem “Conhecimento Deficiente” em usuárias de AOC. Estudo transversal realizado com 97 mulheres em idade fértil em centro de saúde da família do nordeste brasileiro. A coleta de dados ocorreu de setembro a outubro de 2011, por meio de entrevista para identificação das características definidoras e dos fatores relacionados da Taxonomia II da NANDA-I 2012. O diagnóstico de enfermagem em questão apresentou prevalência de 58,8%; a característica definidora “seguimento inadequado de instruções” (57,7%) e o fator relacionado “interpretação errônea de informações” (58,8%) foram os mais prevalentes. “Seguimento inadequado de instruções” apresentou maior sensibilidade, 96,61(88.46 - 99.07), elevado valor preditivo positivo (VPP=98,28) e elevado valor preditivo negativo (VPN=95,35). Todas as características definidoras apresentaram a mesma especificidade, 97,62(87.68 - 99.58). Conclui-se que as características definidoras estudadas apresentaram sensibilidade, especificidade, valores preditivos positivos e negativos altos para o diagnóstico de enfermagem analisado.
Analysis of International Terrorism Criminography in the Event of September 11th, 2011
Authors: Zadeh Mohamad Esmael , Sadeghi Mahdi Najjar , Babaee Amir Mohammad
Published: March 2016

Terrorism and terroristic system are among domestic, regional and international challenging problem in the first decade of the 21st century in the era when terrorism has turned from an individual threat to a global problem as a weapon to achieve national goals, specific groups have become no longer limited to national and regional borders and are gaining new concept and application (or they are trying to develop a new international purpose). It is feared that the spread of international peace and security in its all areas exposed to risk. In fact, the international communities felt the crisis and the danger and criminalizing this phenomenon after the attack on the twin towers of the world trade center on September 11, 2001 with unknown purposes in New York City [29] determining the failure of the international anti-terrorism strategies of these events, showed that anti-terrorism system is unsuccessful. So shortly after the attacks, the UN Security Council , recognizing the possibility of resorting to self-defense against international terrorism, subjects of international law again to pass the international anti-terrorism calls for conventions domestic laws to crack down terrorists.
Study and Performance of Sepah Bank in International Affairs and Its Impact on the Economy of Iran
Authors: Mirshekari Gh. , Taleghani H.
Published: March 2016

Banking system was born with the establishment of Sepah Bank in 1304. This bank has special role in international trade, financial and economic and monetary relations. Sepah bank by allocating the credit and providing the necessary resources for foreign investment and international trade after the Islamic Revolution in Iran and alignment with government policies has always had a special place in macroeconomic. In 1386 this Bank was sanctioned by America government, and since then it has been consistent with this conditions and when was sanctioned by United Nations as first Iranian bank because of Iran's nuclear program, how to comfort with this status and to fight was placed on the agenda. By establishing a special committee in bank based on the leader directions to resist economy, alternative ways to get out of the existing situation was carried out and Sepah bank was considered as a pattern for next sanctioned bank.
Study and Design of the Laws and Regulations in the Achaemenids Empire
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Ahmad , Darvishiniya Mohammad Mahdi , Hosseini Saba Sadat
Published: March 2016

Given the importance of the law, which is essential, to manage government, this article aims to investigate and develop a system for the legislation and regulations in Iranian manner, to review and explain the features of Achaemenid Empire's laws and regulations. In collecting this research information, the tool "note" and note taking and data coding are used based on statistical population and according to the qualitative resulted data from the study of documents from qualitative content analysis (of directional). The data that were collected from September 1392 to December 1393 were related to 559 years BC To 330 BC. The study Result showed that the system of laws and regulations in that course includes “Collection and analysis of laws, Codified the draft laws, Legitimacy and the formalization of the laws, Records and information". In the end, a model based on the input, process and output is developed and presented.
Bonaventura's Anthropology
Authors: Aliyari Farshad , Elmi Qorban , Alizamani Amirabbas
Published: March 2016

The aim of this study is to explain Bonaventura's anthropology theory as one of the main issues in the philosophy of religion. This article examines this issue by referring to the works of Bonaventura as well as descriptions and interpretations written on this field using descriptive-analytic methods. Bonaventura knows human as God's image and unlike some of the Christian philosophers considers'matter'in addition to 'soul'anddoes not separate soul from body.Following Augustine, Bonaventura knows human soul as body image so that soul can affect and be affected. He properly accepted two types of self-knowledge, first, he believed that an inner queen exists in human existence possessing the ability to thinkand contemplate on its own and Second, alternate activities of thought about itself, which is due to resorting to internal contemplation. Bonaventura knowsthe fact of human as something through which he/she can communicate with God and accordingly believes that human as the image ofGod has the power of thoughts and authority; He has a standpoint of "from Him" and "to Him". The superior position which Bonaventura intended for human in the universe is that human is a microcosm. Because he/shewill reflect its creatormore than any other creature in the material world.Nevertheless, Buenaventura believes that human has collapsed and original sinhas disrupted the realm of the intellect, emotions and human actions; He also explores the realms of human existence such as soul, spirit and heart so about heart he suggests that if human heart becomes clean and pure existence, his/her existence and nature is God's Wisdom Book. He believes that human can reach the highest level of wisdombecause he/she is the God's word (promise). Bonaventura believes that the foundation of human relationship with God is romantic; He knows the truth of human in relation to absolute (God); and part of his thoughts in relation to the human is focused on perfect human and perfect man knows Jesus Christ and introduces him as the inner teacher all mankind.
Here, There and Everywhere: Glocalising Identities in Transworld Transmedia Genius Loci
Authors: Coppock Patrick John
Published: March 2016

The principle question discussed in this essay is essentially a philosophical or existential one: in our increasingly remediated, interconnected, physically and virtually mobile contemporary world, is it is conceivable, or feasible, for us actually to be “here, there, and everywhere” at one and the same time?

Have our predominantly “local” personal, professional and collective narrative histories, and the various cultural traditions that have grown out of these, really furnished us with relational identity skills that enable us to participate positively and actively in ongoing globalisation processes and to play a constructive, active, ethical role in the global gameplay arena?

Or do we need to work more with non-familiar forms of otherness if we want to develop new types of “glocal” identities, able to mediate and transcend the emotional, conceptual, cultural and other divides that may hinder the identification, management and just balancing of “global” and “local” needs, rights and interests?

As a contribution to further interdisciplinary debate on this and related themes, in media studies and elsewhere, this essay intentionally seeks to provoke*, by offering some engaged, informed but clearly speculative considerations, regarding the valorisation, application and evaluation of new digital media designed to facilitate ludic transworld, transmedia cooperition at-a-distance, to develop practical strategies to engage in responsible, ethical, ecological, mutually sustainable ways, with non-copresent, non-local others and their own past, present and future actual, and possible, worlds.

*“Provoke”, of course, is not meant here in any “mean” or negative way, but rather as a ludic challenge to my readers to experiment in engaging with ‘non-local’, ‘non-standard’ forms of otherness – which in the case of this essay is the actual diversity of forms, norms and practices in academic writing. This First Page Footnote also seems an appropriate place to offer my sincere thanks to two anonymous reviewers of a first draft version of this essay, both of whom, each with their own brand of provocative, stimulating and useful remarks, are hereforth anointed as contributing co-authors, of this its (hopefully) final version.
Auto-correlation of journal impact factor for consensus research reporting statements: a cohort study
Authors: Shanahan Daniel R.
Published: March 2016

Background.The Journal Citation Reports journal impact factors (JIFs) are widely used to rank and evaluate journals, standing as a proxy for the relative importance of a journal within its field. However, numerous criticisms have been made of use of a JIF to evaluate importance. This problem is exacerbated when the use of JIFs is extended to evaluate not only the journals, but the papers therein. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate the relationship between the number of citations and journal IF for identical articles published simultaneously in multiple journals.

Methods.Eligible articles were consensus research reporting statements listed on the EQUATOR Network website that were published simultaneously in three or more journals. The correlation between the citation count for each article and the median journal JIF over the published period, and between the citation count and number of article accesses was calculated for each reporting statement.

Results.Nine research reporting statements were included in this analysis, representing 85 articles published across 58 journals in biomedicine. The number of citations was strongly correlated to the JIF for six of the nine reporting guidelines, with moderate correlation shown for the remaining three guidelines (medianr= 0.66, 95% CI [0.45–0.90]). There was also a strong positive correlation between the number of citations and the number of article accesses (medianr= 0.71, 95% CI [0.5–0.8]), although the number of data points for this analysis were limited. When adjusted for the individual reporting guidelines, each logarithm unit of JIF predicted a median increase of 0.8 logarithm units of citation counts (95% CI [−0.4–5.2]), and each logarithm unit of article accesses predicted a median increase of 0.1 logarithm units of citation counts (95% CI [−0.9–1.4]). This model explained 26% of the variance in citations (median adjustedr2= 0.26, range 0.18–1.0).

Conclusion.The impact factor of the journal in which a reporting statement was published was shown to influence the number of citations that statement will gather over time. Similarly, the number of article accesses also influenced the number of citations, although to a lesser extent than the impact factor. This demonstrates that citation counts are not purely a reflection of scientific merit and the impact factor is, in fact, auto-correlated.
Mineral dust transport toward Hurricane Helene (2006)
Authors: Schwendike Juliane , Jones Sarah C. , Vogel Bernhard , Vogel Heike
Published: March 2016

This study investigates the transport of mineral dust from its source regions in West Africa toward the developing tropical cyclone Helene (2006) and diagnoses the resulting properties of the air influencing the tropical cyclonegenesis. The model system COSMO‐ART (Consortium for Small‐Scale Modelling‐Aerosols and Reactive Trace gases) in which the emission and transport of mineral dust as well as the radiation feedback are taken into account, was used. The emission of mineral dust between 9 and 14 September 2006 occurred in association with the relatively strong monsoon flow and northeasterly trade winds, with gust fronts of convective systems over land, and with the Atlantic inflow. Additionally, increased surface wind speed was linked to orographical effects at the Algerian Mountains, Atlas Mountains, and the Hoggar. The dust, as part of the Saharan air layer, is transported at low levels by the monsoon flow, the Harmattan, the northeasterly trade winds, and the monsoon trough, and is transported upward in the convergence zone between Harmattan and monsoon flow, in the baroclinic zone along the West African coastline, and by convection. At around 700 hPa the dust is transported by the African easterly jet. Dry and dust‐free air is found to the north‐northwest of the developing tropical depression due to descent in an anticyclone. Based on the model data, it was possible to distinguish between dry (from the anticyclone), dry and dusty (from the Harmattan and northeasterly trade winds), and dusty and moist air (from the monsoon flow and in the tropical depression due to convection).
Effect of Rate Sensitivity on Structural Sandwich Plates with Sinusoidal Corrugated Cores
Authors: Shi Yihai , Zhao Pizhe , Wu Peidong , Lloyd David J. , Embury J. David
Published: March 2016

A plane strain elastic–viscoplastic‐based finite element model is developed to simulate a composite system with sinusoidal corrugated cores under tensile loading conditions. Numerical study shows that the rate sensitivity in the reinforced core provides a positive impact on loading capacity, the necking strain retardation, and improvement in the ductility of a composite. By carefully selecting the reinforced sinusoidal core geometric parameters, extra margin can be gained in improving the uniform elongation without comprising the loading capacity of a composite system. For a given volume fraction of reinforced core, an optimized reinforcement arrangement is found to achieve an improved ductility for a plate with sinusoidal corrugated core.
Highly Selective Photothermal Therapy by a Phenoxylated‐Dextran‐Functionalized Smart Carbon Nanotube Platform
Authors: Han Seungmin , Kwon Taeyun , Um Jo‐Eun , Haam Seungjoo , Kim Woo‐Jae
Published: March 2016

Near‐infrared (NIR) photothermal therapy using biocompatible single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is advantageous because as‐produced SWNTs, without additional size control, both efficiently absorb NIR light and demonstrate high photothermal conversion efficiency. In addition, covalent attachment of receptor molecules to SWNTs can be used to specifically target infected cells. However, this technique interrupts SWNT optical properties and inevitably lowers photothermal conversion efficiency and thus remains major hurdle for SWNT applications. This paper presents a smart‐targeting photothermal therapy platform for inflammatory disease using newly developed phenoxylated‐dextran‐functionalized SWNTs. Phenoxylated dextran is biocompatible and efficiently suspends SWNTs by noncovalent π–π stacking, thereby minimizing SWNT bundle formations and maintaining original SWNT optical properties. Furthermore, it selectively targets inflammatory macrophages by scavenger‐receptor binding without any additional receptor molecules; therefore, its preparation is a simple one‐step process. Herein, it is experimentally demonstrated that phenoxylated dextran‐SWNTs (pD‐SWNTs) are also biocompatible, selectively penetrate inflammatory macrophages over normal cells, and exhibit high photothermal conversion efficiency. Consequently, NIR laser‐triggered macrophage treatment can be achieved with high accuracy by pD‐SWNT without damaging receptor‐free cells. These smart targeting materials can be a novel photothermal agent candidate for inflammatory disease.
De novo exonic deletion of KDM6A in a Chinese girl with Kabuki syndrome: A case report and brief literature review
Authors: Yang Pu , Tan Hu , Xia Yan , Yu Qian , Wei Xianda , Guo Ruolan , Peng Ying , Chen Chen , Li Haoxian , Mei Libin , Huang Yanru , Liang Desheng , Wu Lingqian
Published: March 2016

Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a rare condition with multiple congenital anomalies and mental retardation. Exonic deletions, disrupting the lysine (K)‐specific demethylase 6A (KDM6A) gene have been demonstrated as rare cause of KS. Here, we report a de novo 227‐kb deletion in chromosome Xp11.3 of a 7‐year‐old Chinese girl with KS. Besides the symptoms of KS, the patient also presented with skin allergic manifestations, which were considered to be a new, rare feature of the phenotypic spectrum. The deletion includes the upstream region and exons 1–2 of KDM6A and potentially causes haploinsuffiency of the gene. We also discuss the mutation spectrum of KDM6A and clinical variability of patients with KDM6A deletion through a literature review. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimization of injection location based on simulations of CO2 leakage through multiple leakage pathways
Authors: Yu Bo , Wang Le , Liu Yongzhong
Published: March 2016

An optimization methodology is proposed to determine an appropriate injection location among potential candidates. The method identifies the optimal injection location by minimizing the total CO2 leakage from all leakage pathways present at a given site. The case of a single injection well and a single leakage pathway is used to quantify the relationships between CO2 leakage rate and major factors. A mathematical model is numerically solved and used to establish a correlation for each factor. The results are extended to the situation of a single injection well and multiple leakage pathways. An explicit expression correlating the asymptotic CO2 leakage rate to the major factors is proposed. Four case studies are illustrated. The results show that the optimal injection location is different in each case and is significantly influenced by the three factors. The proposed approach provides a quantitative tool for minimizing CO2 leakage risk at sites with multiple leakage pathways. © 2016 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of the behavior of hydrogen‐bonded phenolic compounds and their determination by using poly(vinylferrocenium)–polyaniline composite film
Authors: Kavanoz Muammer , Pekmez Nuran Özçiçek , Can Muzaffer
Published: March 2016

The hydrogen bonding between phenolic compounds (phenol (Ph), catechol (Ct), resorcinol (Rs), and hydroquinone (Hq)) is investigated at pH 4. The oxidation behaviors of total phenolic compounds (TotPh) are different from their individual behaviors due to the existence of intermolecular hydrogen‐bonded oligomeric clusters. Theoretical calculations and voltammetric and spectroscopic evidences support the intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The interaction of the phenolic compounds with polyaniline (PANI) and poly(vinylferrocenium) (PVF+) films are also investigated electrochemically and spectroscopically. The phenolic molecules are immobilized in both polymers due to the construction of hydrogen bonds by PANI and the complexation with PVF+. In addition, Ct and Hq are catalytically oxidized by PANI. Determinations of Ct and TotPh are performed on PVF+–PANI composite‐coated Pt electrode using amperometric I–t method. Composite coating exhibits significant electrochemical activity toward Ct and TotPh, with high sensitivity and a wide linearity range. The steady‐state currents versus concentration of Ct and TotPh are found to be linear in the range of 1.35 × 10−3−50.0 mM and 4.10 × 10−4−560 mM for two linear regions, respectively. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43596.
Structure–property relationships of a bio‐based reactive diluent in a bio‐based epoxy resin
Authors: Maiorana Anthony , Yue Liang , Manas‐Zloczower Ica , Gross Richard
Published: March 2016

The monofunctional glycidyl ether of eugenol (GE) was used as a reactive diluent for the diglycidyl ether of diphenolate n‐pentyl ester (DGEDP‐Pe). Viscosities of GE and DGEDP‐Pe are 25 mPa s and 11 Pa s, respectively. Compositions GE/DGEDP‐Pe epoxy resins with 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 wt % GE were analyzed for viscosity reductions and, subsequently, cured with isophorone diamine. The glassy modulus of cured GE/DGEDP‐Pe epoxy resins remained between 2000 and 3000 MPa. The glass transition temperature decreased linearly, from 92 °C for neat DGEDP‐Pe, with progressively higher loadings of GE to 53 °C at the highest GE loading of 30 wt %. The thermal stability decreased as GE loading increased with a maximum of 30 °C loss in the onset of degradation at 5 wt % mass loss. The role of GE as a reactive diluent is discussed and a range of loadings was determined to be suitable for a vacuum infusion epoxy resin system. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43635.
Antisolvent crystallization and solid‐state polymerization of bisphenol‐A polycarbonate
Authors: Chang Xuesong , Ding Tongmei , Tian Hengshui , Wang Tiantian
Published: March 2016

Bisphenol‐A polycarbonate (BAPC) was synthesized by solid‐state polymerization (SSP) using a semicrystalline prepolymer crystallized by antisolvent method. The antisolvent crystallization was investigated as a function of antisolvent types using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), different scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopes (SEM). The results showed antisolvent types had a significant effect on the crystallization of BAPC. Prepolymer induced by acetone as an antisolvent gained a higher crystallinity of 37.0%, more uniform particle size, and mature crystal structure compared with the samples crystallized by methanol and ethanol. Then crystallization of BAPC by acetone was carried out at crystallization temperature in the range of 40–80 °C for 1–5 h. A high crystallinity of 42.0% was acquired with the crystallization conducted at 70 °C for 2 h. Prepolymer with appropriate crystallinity of 37.8% resulted in high‐molecular‐weight polymer of 57,411 via SSP due to the effect of crystallinity and plasticization of residual solvent. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43636.
Revisiting Surface Modification of Graphite: Dual‐Layer Coating for High‐Performance Lithium Battery Anode Materials
Authors: Song Gyujin , Ryu Jaegeon , Ko Seunghee , Bang Byoung Man , Choi Sinho , Shin Myoungsoo , Lee Sang‐Young , Park Soojin
Published: March 2016

Surface modification of electrode active materials has garnered considerable attention as a facile way to meet stringent requirements of advanced lithium‐ion batteries. Here, we demonstrated a new coating strategy based on dual layers comprising antimony‐doped tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles and carbon. The ATO nanoparticles are synthesized via a hydrothermal method and act as electronically conductive/electrochemically active materials. The as‐synthesized ATO nanoparticles are introduced on natural graphite along with citric acid used as a carbon precursor. After carbonization, the carbon/ATO‐decorated natural graphite (c/ATO‐NG) is produced. In the (carbon/ATO) dual‐layer coating, the ATO nanoparticles coupled with the carbon layer exhibit unprecedented synergistic effects. The resultant c/ATO‐NG anode materials display significant improvements in capacity (530 mA h g−1), cycling retention (capacity retention of 98.1 % after 50 cycles at a rate of C/5), and low electrode swelling (volume expansion of 38 % after 100 cycles) which outperform that of typical graphite materials. Furthermore, a full‐cell consisting of a c/ATO‐NG anode and an LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode presents excellent cycle retention (capacity retention of >80 % after 100 cycles). We envision that the dual‐layer coating concept proposed herein opens a new route toward high‐performance anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries.
Stereoretentive Addition of N‐tert‐Butylsulfonyl‐α‐Amido Silanes to Aldehydes, Ketones, α,β‐Unsaturated Esters, and Imines
Authors: Mita Tsuyoshi , Saito Keisuke , Sugawara Masumi , Sato Yoshihiro
Published: March 2016

Enantioenriched N‐tert‐butylsulfonyl‐α‐amido silanes were successfully reacted with aldehydes, ketones, imines, and α,β‐unsaturated esters in the presence of a sub‐stoichiometric amount of CsF (0.5 equiv) in 1,2‐dimethoxyethane (DME) at −20 °C to afford the corresponding coupling products with up to 89 % enantiospecificity in a retentive manner.
Propensity score analysis of outcomes following laparoscopic or open liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sposito C , Battiston C , Facciorusso A , Mazzola M , Muscarà C , Scotti M , Romito R , Mariani L , Mazzaferro V
Published: March 2016

Background

Liver resection is a potentially curative approach for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Laparoscopic liver resections may reduce complication rates, especially in patients with cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to compare the results of laparoscopic liver resection with those of open liver resection for HCC.

Methods

Patients with cirrhosis who underwent minor liver resections for HCC from 2006 to 2013 were identified retrospectively from a prospective database according to the technique adopted (laparoscopic or open). Short- and long-term outcomes were compared between the two groups before and after 1 : 1 propensity score matching.

Results

A total of 269 patients were considered: 226 who underwent open liver resection and 43 who had a laparoscopic procedure. The two groups differed at baseline in terms of median age, sex, performance status, tumour location and type of resection. After propensity score matching, two comparable groups of 43 patients each were obtained. Intraoperative bleeding, margin clearance and operative mortality were similar in the two groups, whereas complication rates were lower (49 versus 19 per cent in open versus laparoscopic groups respectively; P = 0·004) and median hospital stay was shorter (8 versus 5 days; P < 0·001) in the laparoscopic group. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, the only independent factor that reduced the risk of postoperative complications was the use of laparoscopy (odds ratio 0·12, 95 per cent c.i. 0·03 to 0·55; P = 0·006). Median overall survival was 57·8 months in the open group and 48·8 months in the laparoscopic group (P = 0·802). Median disease-free survival was 31·7 and 25·5 months respectively (P = 0·990).

Conclusion

In comparison with the open approach, laparoscopic minor liver resections for HCC improved short-term outcomes, with similar survival results.
Drug–drug interactions between moxifloxacin and rifampicin based on pharmacokinetics in vivo in rats
Authors: Huang Lifei , Liu Jiajun , Yu Xin , Shi Lei , Liu Jian , Xiao Heping , Huang Yi
Published: March 2016

Moxifloxacin and rifampicin are all the first‐line options for the treatment of active tuberculosis, which are often combined for the treatment of multidrug resistance pulmonary tuberculosis in clinic. However, the potential drug–drug interactions between moxifloxacin and rifampicin were unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the drug–drug interactions between moxifloxacin and rifampicin based on their pharmacokinetics in vivo after oral administration of the single drug and both drugs, and reveal their mutual effects on their pharmacokinetics. Eighteen male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups: moxifloxacin group, rifampicin group and moxifloxacin + rifampicin group. Plasma concentrations of moxifloxacin and rifampicin were determined using LC‐MS at the designated time points after drug administration, and the main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. In addition, effects of moxifloxacin and rifampicin on their metabolic rate and absorption were investigated using rat liver microsome incubation systems and Caco‐2 cell transwell model. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of moxifloxacin including Tmax, Cmax, t1/2 and AUC(0–t) increased more in the moxifloxacin + rifampicin group than in the moxifloxacin group, but the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). However, the pharmacokinetic parameters of rifampicin, including peak concentration, area under the concentration–time curve, half‐life and the area under the first moment plasma concentration–time curve, increased significantly (p < 0.05) compared with the rifampicin group, and the time to peak concentration decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The mean residence time of rifampicin also increased in moxifloxacin + rifampicin group compared with the rifampicin group, but the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). The rat liver microsome incubation experiment indicated that moxifloxacin could increase the metabolic rate of rifampicin from 23.7 to 38.7 min. However, the Caco‐2 cell transwell experiment showed that moxifloxacin could not affect the absorption rate of rifampicin. These changes could enhance the drug efficacy, but they could also cause drug accumulation, which might induce adverse effect, so it was suggested that the drug dosage should be adjusted and the drug concentration in plasma should be monitored if moxifloxacin and rifampicin are co‐administered. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Truncated Escherichia coli thioredoxin induces proliferation of human blood mononuclear cells and production of reactive oxygen species as well as proinflammatory cytokines
Authors: Liu Si‐Yen , Liu I‐Chung , Lin Tiao‐Yin
Published: March 2016

Thioredoxin (Trx) is a redox protein characterized by a Trx fold. A naturally occurring truncated human Trx, Trx 80, which lacks the C‐terminal strand‐helix of the Trx fold, stimulates proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). It has not been clear how Trx80 gains this function. This study investigates whether a peptide with substantial sequence difference from Trx80, but retaining an abridged Trx fold can elicit PBMC proliferation. We genetically truncated a carboxy‐terminal β‐α motif of Escherichia coli Trx to produce a peptide, Trx83, which shares low sequence identity with human Trx80. Addition of reduced‐form Trx83 to resting human PBMCs promoted cell proliferation, while oxidized‐form Trx83 lacked the function. By contrast, oxidized‐form Trx80 exhibited a high activity in promoting PBMC proliferation, indicating the importance of sequence context of an abridged thioredoxin in influencing PBMC proliferation. Trx83 increases cellular reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory cytokines TNF‐α and IL‐1β, suggesting that Trx83 modulates inflammatory pathways. This notion is supported by the observation that cystine or cysteine abolishes the Trx83 induced PBMC proliferation. The PBMC stimulatory activity of Trx83 may have potential for pharmacological developments.

Significance of the Study

Elicitation of primary proliferative responses of PBMCs by a protein is generally difficult. We show that Escherichia coli Trx83 with a truncated Trx fold induces PBMC proliferation, but only in the disulfide‐reduced form. In contrast, oxidized‐form human Trx80 is a potent stimulator. These results demonstrate that the sequence context of an abridged Trx fold is influential in inducing PBMC proliferation. The stimulatory effect of Trx83 is associated with an increase of inflammatory response. The possibility of eliciting PBMC proliferation and switching this activity on/off by redox control provides a perspective for developing Trx83 as a PBMC stimulatory agent. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: RESISTIVITY OF HEXAGONAL SELENIUM
Authors: GELLER I. KH. , KOLOMIETS B. T. , POPOV A. I.
Published: March 2016

Der spezifische Widerstand von unter der Einwirkung elektrischer Wechselfelder der Frequenz 102‐105 H2 kristallisiertem Br‐ und T1‐dotiertem Se wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION OF α,α′‐DIBROMO KETONES IN ACETIC ACID. CONVENIENT SYNTHETIC ROUTE TO HIGHLY BRANCHED α‐ACETOXY KETONES
Authors: FRY A. J. , O'DEA J. J.
Published: March 2016

Bei der elektrochemischen Reduktion des Bromketons (I) in Methanol entsteht über die Cyclopropan‐Zwischenstufe (II) ein Gemisch der beiden Spaltprodukte (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: ESTABLISHING THE MIGRATION OF ETHOXYCARBONYL RESIDUES IN DIENONE‐PHENOL REARRANGEMENT
Authors: SUEHIRO TADASHI , YAMAZAKI SHOZO
Published: March 2016

Das markierte Cyclohexadienon (II), in mehreren Stufen aus markiertem Acetessigester (I) erhältlich, lagert sich bei 60‐70°C in Schwefelsäure zum Ester (III) [im 98,8 : O,2‐Gemisch mit dem ilsotopen‐Isomeren (VI)] um; als Nebenprodukte werden die Verbindungen (IV) und (V) gebildet.
ChemInform Abstract: POLAR EFFECTS IN RADICAL REACTIONS. IV. REACTION OF HYDROGEN ATOMS WITH SUBSTITUTED TOLUENES
Authors: HENDERSON R. W. , PRYOR WILLIAM A.
Published: March 2016

Es wird die Reaktion der photolytisch aus tert.‐Butylperformiat erzeugten H‐Atome mit z.B. m‐substituierten Toluolen (F, Cl, Br, Methyl als Substituenten) in Gegenwart von [S‐D]‐2‐Methylpropanthiol‐(2) untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF DICHLOROACETYLKETENE DIETHYLACETAL FROM DICHLOROKETENE AND KETENE‐DIETHYLACETAL AND ITS CONVERSION INTO ADDITIONAL PRODUCTS
Authors: SCHARF H. D. , SPORRER E.
Published: March 2016

Dichlorketen (I), hergestellt aus Dichloracetylchlorid und Triäthylamin, reagiert mit Keten‐diäthylacetal (II) bei Raumtemperatur zum Dichloracetylketenacetal (III), das sauer verseift und thermisch bei 120°C zum 1,1‐Dichloraceton (V) decarboxyliert werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW SYNTHESIS OF β‐LACTAMS
Authors: PRASAD KAPA K. , PETRZILKA THEODOR
Published: March 2016

Die Reaktion der Methylazlactone (I) mit den acyclischen Iminen (II) führt zu den Azetidinonen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 3‐COUMARONONE
Authors: AMICK D. R.
Published: March 2016

Salicylsäureäthylester (I) ergibt mit überschüssigem Methylsulfinyl‐Carbanion das Sulfonylketon (II), das in siedendem Benzol in Gegenwart von Trifluoressigsäure zum Methylthiocumaranon (IIIa) cyclisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW REACTIONS AND REAGENTS. IV. NEW SYNTHESIS OF PYRROLES FROM α‐AMINO ACIDS
Authors: GUPTA S. K.
Published: March 2016

Die Umsetzung der in Form von Enaminen geschützten Aminosäuren (I) mit Trifluoressigsäureanhydrid (II) bei 0°C ergibt in mäßigen Ausbeuten Pyrrol‐Derivate (III).
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS. V. 3,5‐DIARYL‐4‐(SUBSTITUTED SULFAMOLYLPHENYLAZO)PYRAZOLES AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES
Authors: KABRA A. , SAHARIA G. S. , SHARMA H. R.
Published: March 2016

Die Carbonylreagentien (I) bilden mit den Azo‐1,3‐dionen (II) die Pyrazole (III).
ChemInform Abstract: CHIRAL 1,4‐BENZODIAZEPINES. IX. ATTEMPTS AT A PREPARATION OF 7‐CHLORO‐5‐PHENYL‐3(S)‐METHYL‐1,4‐BENZODIAZEPIN‐2‐ONE THROUGH C(5)‐C(5A) BOND FORMATION
Authors: SUNJIC V. , KAJFEZ F. , BLAZEVIC N. , OKLOBDZIJA M. , MILDNER P.
Published: March 2016

Die Umsetzung des Amids (II) mit tert.‐Butylhypochlorit ergibt nicht das Benzodiazepinon (I).
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐AMINOISOTHIAZOLO(5,4‐B)PYRIDINES
Authors: GEWALD K. , SCHLEGEL U. , SCHAEFER H.
Published: March 2016

Die Pyridinthione (I) reagieren mit der Hydroxylaminsulfonsäure (II) in schwach basischem Medium bei 20‐25°C zu den Sulfenamiden (III), die in Gegenwart von Na‐äthylat oder Natronlauge sofort zu den Amino‐isothiazolopyridinen (IV) cyclisieren; als Nebenreaktion tritt die Oxidation zu Di‐[pyridyl‐(2)]‐disulfiden (V) auf, die in neutralem oder schwach basischem Medium, sowie bei geringem (II)‐Zusatz zur Hauptreaktion werden kann: So erhält man aus (Ia) ausschließlich das Disulfid (Va), wenn man den pH des Reaktionsmedium zum Neutralpunkt hin verändert.
ChemInform Abstract: THEOPHYLLINE DERIVATIVES. IV. ROLE OF SUBSTITUTENTS IN THE 8‐POSITION IN INTRAMOLECULAR, NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTIONS IN THEOPHYLLINE DERIVATIVES
Authors: HARSANYI K. , SZEBENI R. , KORBONITS D.
Published: March 2016

Das aus dem Theophyllin (Id) und 1 Äquivalent Epichlorhydrin (II) in Gegenwart von Pyridin als Katalysator zugängliche Derivat (If) (60% Ausbeute) reagiert mit überschüssigem (II) zu dem Oxiran (III).
ChemInform Abstract: PYRIMIDO(4,5‐B)(1,4)OXAZINES, 8‐OXADIHYDROPTERIDINES
Authors: DUNN D. L. , SKINNER C. G.
Published: March 2016

Aus 2,5‐Diamino‐4,6‐dihydroxy‐pyrimidin (I) und den Halogen‐earbonylverbindungen (II) entstehen die Kondensationsprodukte (III).
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐DITHIANES DERIVED FROM 1,2‐DIMETHYL‐4,5‐BIS(MERCAPTOMETHYL)BENZENE AS SYNTHONS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES
Authors: MORI K. , HASHIMOTO H. , TAKENAKA Y. , TAKIGAWA T.
Published: March 2016

1,2‐Dimethyl‐4,5‐bis‐(mercaptomethyl)‐benzol (I) kann mit Methylal oder Acetaldehyd in die Benzodithiepin‐Derivate (II) übergeführt werden, die nach Metallierung mit n‐Butyllithium in guten Ausbeuten mit Alkylbromiden (III) zu (IV) alkyliert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: TRIS(TRIMETHYLSILYL)HYDRAZIDOCOPPER. REAGENT FOR CONVERTING ARYL IODIDES INTO N‐PROTECTED ARYLHYDRAZINES
Authors: KING F. D. , WALTON D. R. M.
Published: March 2016

Tris‐trimethylsilyl‐hydrazidokupfer (II), das‐ aus dem Lithium‐Derivat (I) und Kupfer(l)‐jodid zugänglich ist, reagiert mit Aryljodiden (III) bei I35‐140°C zu den silylgeschützten Arylhydrazinen (IV), die sauer in die freien Hydrazine (V) übergeführt werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF EPOXIDES WITH PHOSPHONIC ACID MONOESTERS AND PHOSPHONIC ACIDS
Authors: COSTISELLA B. , GROSS H.
Published: March 2016

Die Phosphonsäureester (Ia) setzen sich mit Epoxiden, wie (II), zu Phosphonsäurealkyl‐ β‐hydroxyalkylestern, wie z.B. (IIIa) (die als Stellungsisomere in bezug auf die Positionen von R3 und R4 anfallen) um.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISTRY OF BERYLLIUM μ4‐OXOACETATO COMPLEXES
Authors: GRIGOR'EV A. I. , SIPACHEV V. A.
Published: March 2016

Übersicht über Synthese, Eigenschaften und Strukturen von Be‐acetato‐Komplexen mit vierfach koordinierten O‐Atomen.
ChemInform Abstract: METAL ION‐AROMATIC COMPLEXES. XXII. PREPARATION, STRUCTURE, AND STEREOCHEMISTRY OF TIN(II) IN Π‐BENZENETIN DI(TETRACHLOROALUMINATE)‐BENZENE
Authors: RODESILER P. F. , AUEL TH. , AMMA E. L.
Published: March 2016

Durch Reaktion einer Mischung von wasserfreiem SnCl2 und AlCl3 unter Stickstoff mit Benzol bei 80°C wird die Titelverbindung (I) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTRONIC AND SOLVENT EFFECTS ON THE BONDING MODE OF THE SELENOCYANATE ION IN TRANS‐SELENOCYANATOBIS(DIMETHYLGLYOXIMATO)(SUBSTITUTED PYRIDINE)COBALT(III) COMPLEXES
Authors: ALLISON J. L. , BURMEISTER J. L.
Published: March 2016

Über seine aus COCI; , Dimethylglyoxim und den Pyridinen in Äthanol erhaltenen Chlorokomplexe werden bei Reaktion mit KSeCN die Titelkomplexe (I) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: VOLTAMMETRY OF TERPYRIDINE AND TEROSINE COMPLEXES OF COBALT(II) AND IRON(II)
Authors: RAO J. M. , HUGHES M. C. , MACERO D. J.
Published: March 2016

Mittels Polarographie und cyclischer Voltammetrie wird das elektrochemische Verhalten der aus den dreizähnigen Liganden und Metallsalzen gewonnenen und als Perchlorate isolierten Komplexe (I) untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ON THE THERMO‐ AND PHOTOCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF MONOOXALATOBISPHENANTHROLINE COBALT(III) ALKANOATES
Authors: HENNIG HORST , HEMPEL KRISTINA , KERTSCHER PETER
Published: March 2016

Das Thermo‐ und Photoredoxverhalten der nach bekannter Methode dargestellten Titelverbindungen (I) werden untersucht und hinsichtlich der Variation der Anionen diskutiert.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPLEXES OF NICKEL(II) WITH 5‐METHOXY‐2‐NITROSOPHENOL (MONO‐OXIME OF 5‐METHOXY‐ORTHO‐BENZOQUINONE)
Authors: CHARALAMBOUS J. , KENSETT M. J. , JENKINS J. M.
Published: March 2016

Die Komplexe (I) und (IV) werden durch Nitrierung von 3‐Methoxyphenol mit Na‐nitrit in Gegenwart von Ni‐dichlorid, durch Nitrierung von 3‐Methoxy‐ und 4‐Chlorphenol mit K‐nitrit in Gegenwart von Ni‐dichlorid, K‐acetat 4 1 und Eisessig und durch Umsetzung des Bis‐[benzochinonoximato]‐Komplexes (Ia) mit K‐5‐methoxy‐o‐benzochinon‐2‐oximat dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: TEMPLATE REACTIONS. II. PRODUCTION OF TRICYCLIC AND TETRACYCLIC METAL COMPLEXES FROM ALIPHATIC DIAMINES AND PHENYLAZOMALONDIALDEHYDE DERIVATIVES
Authors: L'EPLATTENIER FRANCOIS A. , PUGIN ANDRE
Published: March 2016

Die Umsetzung der Phenylazo‐malondialdehyde (I) mit den Diaminen (II) oder (V) führt in Gegenwart von Ni(II)‐ und Cu(II)‐acetat abhängig vom molaren Verhältnis der Reaktanten zu den tricyclischen Komplexen (III) bzw. (VI) oder zu den tetracyclischen Komplexen (IV) bzw. (VII) (Z: Trimethylen).
ChemInform Abstract: THE MECHANISM OF FORMATION AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF TRANS‐DICHLOROTETRAKIS(DIMETHYLPHOSPHINE)RUTHENIUM(II), RUCL2(PH(CH3)2)4
Authors: COTTON F. A. , FRENZ B. A. , HUNTER D. L.
Published: March 2016

Die Darstellung der Titelverbindung erfolgt aus Ru‐trichloridhydrat und Tetramethyldiphosphin.
ChemInform Abstract: MODIFICATION OF ANTIBIOTICS. 13. NEW β‐LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS. FUNCTIONALIZATION OF THE 3‐POSITION OF CEPHEM WITH SULFUR OR NITROGEN
Authors: SCARTAZZINI RICCARDO , SCHNEIDER PETER , BICKEL HANS
Published: March 2016

Aus den Cephemcarbonsäureestern (Ia) bzw. (Ib) erhältliche entsprechende Sulfoxide (II) werden mit entsprechenden Mercaptoverbindungen (III) zu den Derivaten (IVa)‐(IVc) umgesetzt, die durch Reduktion, Verseifung und ‐ im Falle von (IVb), (IVc) ‐ Abspaltung der Boc‐Gruppe die biologisch aktiven Säuren (V) bzw. (VI) liefern.
ChemInform Abstract: Potent Mutagen Synthesized at NIH.
Authors: JERINA D. M.
Published: March 2016

Die Verbindung (I) stellt eines der wirkungsvollsten bekannten Mutagene dar, wie aus Untersuchungen im National Inst.
ChemInform Abstract: THE AMPEROMETRIC TITRATION OF METAL(II) IONS WITH TRANS‐1,2‐CYCLOHEXANEDIAMINE‐N,N,N′,N′‐TETRAACETATE (CYDTA)
Authors: KODAMA MUTSUO
Published: March 2016

Die amperometrische Titration von Mischungen der Metallionen Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Zn(II), Pb(II) und Cd(II) in einer Äthylendiaminmonoacetat (EDMA)‐Lösung mit CyDTA als Maßlösung wird eingehend untersucht und aus thermodynamischer und kinetischer Sicht diskutiert.
ChemInform Abstract: LIGAND‐FIELD SPECTRUM OF NIOBIUM(IV) IN FLUORIDE MELTS
Authors: TOTH L. M. , GILPATRICK L. O.
Published: March 2016

Von NbF4‐ oder K3NbF7‐Lösungen in einer LiF‐BeF2 (66/34 Mol‐%)‐Schmelze (550°C) werden die Ligandenfeldspektren (4000‐32000 cm‐1) aufgenommen.
ChemInform Abstract: THIO β‐DIKETONATES OF LANTHANIDES. I. SOLVENT EXTRACTION BEHAVIOR OF NEODYMIUM(III) WITH 1,1,1‐TRIFLUORO‐4‐(2‐THIENYL)‐4‐MERCAPTOBUT‐3‐EN‐2‐ONE (HSTTA) AS THE EXTRACTANT
Authors: NAG K. , CHAUDHURY M.
Published: March 2016

Das Extraktionsverhalten von Nd(III) gegenüber dem chelatbildenden Extraktionsmittel HSTTA wird in Abhängigkeit von dem als organische Phase verwendeten Lösungsmittel (Benzol, Chloroform, Cyclohexan) untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: REDUCTION OF ALKYNES AND MONOSUBSTITUTED ALKENES WITH LITHIUM ALUMINUM HYDRIDE AND TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE
Authors: CHUM P. W. , WILSON S. E.
Published: March 2016

Die Behandlung eines Gemisches aus Octen‐( 1 )(I) und Lithiumaluminiumhydrid in Äther mit Titantetrachlorid ergibt n‐Octan (II).