bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cerebellar functional connectivity relates to lower urinary tract function: A 7 Tesla study
Authors: Mazeaud Charles , Bernard Jessica A. , Salazar Betsy H. , Su Johnny , Karmonik Christof , Khavari Rose
Published: July 2024

Objectives

The objective of this study is to explore the functional connectivity (FC) of the cerebellum during the storage phase of micturition, through detecting spontaneous blood‐oxygen‐level dependent signal between the cerebellum and different brain regions using a high‐resolution 7 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner.

Materials and Methods

We recruited healthy individuals with no reported history of neurological disease or lower urinary tract (LUT) symptoms. Participants were asked to drink 500 mL of water and then empty their bladders before entering the MRI scanner. They underwent a T1‐weighted anatomical scan, followed by an initial (8 min) empty bladder resting state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI) acquisition. Once subjects felt the desire to void, a second rs‐fMRI scan was obtained, this time with a full bladder state. We established a priori cerebellar regions of interest from the literature to perform seed‐to‐voxel analysis using nonparametric statistics based on the Threshold Free Cluster Enhancement method and utilized a voxel threshold of p < 0.05.

Results

Twenty individuals (10 male and 10 female) with a median age of 25 years (IQR [3.5]) participated in the study. We placed 31 different 4‐mm spherical seeds throughout the cerebellum and assessed their FC with the remainder of the brain. Three of these (left cerebellar tonsil, right posterolateral lobe, right posterior lobe) showed significant differences in connectivity when comparing scans conducted with a full bladder to those with an empty bladder. Additionally, we observed sex differences in FC, with connectivity being higher in women during the empty bladder condition.

Conclusion

Our initial findings reveal, for the first time, that the connectivity of the cerebellar network is modulated by bladder filling and is associated with LUT function. Unraveling the cerebellum's role in bladder function lays the foundation for a more comprehensive understanding of urinary pathologies affecting this area.
Tuned exchange imaging: Can the filter exchange imaging pulse sequence be adapted for applications with thin slices and restricted diffusion?
Authors: Lasič Samo , Chakwizira Arthur , Lundell Henrik , Westin Carl‐Fredrik , Nilsson Markus
Published: July 2024

Filter exchange imaging (FEXI) is a double diffusion‐encoding (DDE) sequence that is specifically sensitive to exchange between sites with different apparent diffusivities. FEXI uses a diffusion‐encoding filtering block followed by a detection block at varying mixing times to map the exchange rate. Long mixing times enhance the sensitivity to exchange, but they pose challenges for imaging applications that require a stimulated echo sequence with crusher gradients. Thin imaging slices require strong crushers, which can introduce significant diffusion weighting and bias exchange rate estimates. Here, we treat the crushers as an additional encoding block and consider FEXI as a triple diffusion‐encoding sequence. This allows the bias to be corrected in the case of multi‐Gaussian diffusion, but not easily in the presence of restricted diffusion. Our approach addresses challenges in the presence of restricted diffusion and relies on the ability to independently gauge sensitivities to exchange and restricted diffusion for arbitrary gradient waveforms. It follows two principles: (i) the effects of crushers are included in the forward model using signal cumulant expansion; and (ii) timing parameters of diffusion gradients in filter and detection blocks are adjusted to maintain the same level of restriction encoding regardless of the mixing time. This results in the tuned exchange imaging (TEXI) protocol. The accuracy of exchange mapping with TEXI was assessed through Monte Carlo simulations in spheres of identical sizes and gamma‐distributed sizes, and in parallel hexagonally packed cylinders. The simulations demonstrate that TEXI provides consistent exchange rates regardless of slice thickness and restriction size, even with strong crushers. However, the accuracy depends on b‐values, mixing times, and restriction geometry. The constraints and limitations of TEXI are discussed, including suggestions for protocol adaptations. Further studies are needed to optimize the precision of TEXI and assess the approach experimentally in realistic, heterogeneous substrates.
The relationship between general self‐efficacy and nursing practice competence for second‐year nurses: Empirical quantitative research
Authors: Tomita Ryozo
Published: July 2024

Aim

To examine the relationship between general self‐efficacy and nursing practice competence for nurses in the second year of employment.

Design

A cross‐sectional design was used.

Data Sources

The study included 596 nurses in their second year of employment at 75 medical facilities across Japan and used an online questionnaire survey for data collection.

Results

The covariance structure analysis showed the path from general self‐efficacy (latent variable) to nursing practice competence. Positive correlations were found between all factors on both scales. Multiple regression analysis results showed that the general self‐efficacy factors of ‘positivity in behavior’ and ‘confidence in social competence’ affect nursing practice competence.

Conclusion

This study emphasizes the importance of enhancing the general self‐efficacy of second‐year nurses to improve their nursing practice competence. To achieve this, it suggests developing strategies from the perspective of the factors that comprise general self‐efficacy.

Implications for the Profession and Patient Care

The findings suggest that improving general self‐efficacy can enhance nursing practice competence, which could inform the development of interventions to support nurses in improving their competence. The study provides basic data for improving nurses' practice competence.

Impact

This study is the first to establish a relationship between general self‐efficacy and nursing practice competence among second‐year nurses. It demonstrates the significance of general self‐efficacy in enhancing nursing practice competence, particularly for second‐year nurses worldwide who may be struggling with their nursing practice competence and considering leaving the profession. The findings offer practical implications for stakeholders involved in nursing education and training programs, with potential applications in professional development.

Reporting Method

This manuscript adheres to the STROBE guidelines for the reporting of cross‐sectional studies.

Patient or Public Contribution

There was no patient or public contribution.
Risk factors for prediabetes in community‐dwelling adults: A generalized estimating equation logistic regression approach with natural language processing insights
Authors: Kim Aeri , Jeon Eunjoo , Lee Hana , Heo Hyunsook , Woo Kyungmi
Published: July 2024

The global prevalence of prediabetes is expected to reach 8.3% (587 million people) by 2045, with 70% of people with prediabetes developing diabetes during their lifetimes. We aimed to classify community‐dwelling adults with a high risk for prediabetes based on prediabetes‐related symptoms and to identify their characteristics, which might be factors associated with prediabetes. We analyzed homecare nursing records (n = 26,840) of 1628 patients aged over 20 years. Using a natural language processing algorithm, we classified each nursing episode as either low‐risk or high‐risk for prediabetes based on the detected number and category of prediabetes‐symptom words. To identify differences between the risk groups, we employed t‐tests, chi‐square tests, and data visualization. Risk factors for prediabetes were identified using multiple logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations. A total of 3270 episodes (12.18%) were classified as potentially high‐risk for prediabetes. There were significant differences in the personal, social, and clinical factors between groups. Results revealed that female sex, age, cancer coverage as part of homecare insurance coverage, and family caregivers were significantly associated with an increased risk of prediabetes. Although prediabetes is not a life‐threatening disease, uncontrolled blood glucose can cause unfavorable outcomes for other major diseases. Thus, medical professionals should consider the associated symptoms and risk factors of prediabetes. Moreover, the proposed algorithm may support the detection of individuals at a high risk for prediabetes. Implementing this approach could facilitate proactive monitoring and early intervention, leading to reduced healthcare expenses and better health outcomes for community‐dwelling adults.
Transoral Ultrasound‐Guided Core Biopsy for Minimally Invasive Sampling of Hard‐to‐Access Oropharyngeal Cancers
Authors: Chen Chun‐Nan , Chou Hsuan‐Yu , Yang Tsung‐Lin
Published: July 2024

Pathological diagnosis plays a pivotal role in risk classification and personalized treatment planning for patients with oropharyngeal cancers. However, challenges arise in cases involving trismus and tumors with submucosal spread, hindering traditional endoscopic biopsies and open incisional biopsies. In this study, we examined the clinical and pathological data of patients with trismus who underwent transoral ultrasound‐guided core biopsy (USCB) for their oropharyngeal tumors, comparing this method with existing diagnostic approaches. Seventeen patients presenting with oropharyngeal tumors and trismus underwent transoral USCB for diagnosis. Of these, 14 patients were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma, while the remaining 3 were diagnosed with lymphoma. The procedure resulted in minimal wound size and effective bleeding control through compression, without encountering any complications. In conclusion, transoral USCB emerges as a precise diagnostic tool for patients with oropharyngeal tumors and trismus, offering a valuable adjunct to conventional open and endoscopic biopsies.
Cost‐Effectiveness of Topical Prophylaxis Against Tympanostomy Tube Otorrhea: An Economic Decision Analysis
Authors: Conner Grant , Yoshiyasu Yuki , Rossi Nicholas , McKinnon Brian
Published: July 2024

Objective

To evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of various topical prophylaxis strategies against posttympanostomy otorrhea using a break‐even analysis.

Study Design

An economic decision analysis of data collected from purchasing records and the literature.

Setting

An academic center.

Methods

Costs of various strategies were calculated by querying our institution's pharmacy as well as GoodRX.com drug prices. Posttympanostomy otorrhea rates were acquired from a review of the literature. Costs for treatment of otorrhea were based upon our institution's self‐pay patient charges. A break‐even analysis was performed to determine the required absolute risk reduction () in otorrhea rate to make prophylactic treatment cost‐effective.

Results

The most expensive strategy ciprofloxacin/hydrocortisone otic ($626.83) was not cost‐effective unless the rate of postoperative otorrhea was greater than 92% or if the cost of otorrhea treatment exceeded $4477.36. The cheapest antibiotic/steroid combination, ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone otic ($72.25) was cost‐effective ( 10%). Using a conservative initial otorrhea rate (14%) and weighted cost of treatment ($683.39), the most expensive cost‐effective prophylactic intervention possible was $95.67.

Conclusion

Prophylaxis against posttympanostomy otorrhea can be cost‐effective. Physicians should consider the cost of prophylaxis at their institution as well as the patient's postoperative risk of otorrhea when making treatment decisions.
Investigating the compliance behavior of GST taxpayers: An extension to theory of planned behavior
Authors: Garg Shubham , Narwal Karam Pal , Kumar Sanjeev
Published: July 2024

The government around the globe are striving to improve their public finance to meet their public expenditures and for sustainable development of their economies. However, the capability of the governments to generate adequate revenue is limited and refrained by numerous factors. The non‐compliance behavior of GST taxpayers is one of the major factors attributed to this phenomenon. Therefore, this paper endeavors to frame and validate a comprehensive instrumental scale with the application of the extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) for analyzing the determinants of compliance behavior of GST taxpayers in India. The current study has adopted the quantitative design through exploratory and confirmatory studies by incorporating qualitative semi‐structured interviews with 100 GST consultants to validate the instrumental scale. The study has collected a random sample of 339 GST taxpayers using snowball random sampling. Meanwhile, the study has employed the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) for analyzing the collected data. The result affirms six major factors in determining the compliance behavior of GST taxpayers explaining 65.166% of the total variance. The findings have instituted perceived complexity, trust and moral obligation in addition to three major constructs of TPB theory namely attitude behavior, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control of the GST taxpayers. The results explicate that the compliance behavior of GST taxpayers is a dynamic and multifaceted phenomenon and it is critical for GST authorities to comprehend the compliance behavior of GST taxpayers. The result explicates that there is a need to simplify and rationalize the GST system in India to increase voluntary compliance of taxpayers. The results also endorse for building trust between GST taxpayers, GST authorities and the state. This study may act as a baseline for formulating policies and strategies on GST in India. There is hardly any national and international study that has applied the extended theory of planned behavior for studying the antecedents of compliance behavior of GST taxpayers.
Electroactive additives into polyurethanes for high corrosion resistance coatings for mild steel
Authors: P Ermiya Prasad , Borah Kashmiri , Palanisamy Aruna , Rao Chepuri R. K.
Published: July 2024

There is a demand for innovative coatings such as polyurethane (PU) in industrial and commercial sectors to effectively combat corrosion on mild steel substrates. In this work, novel redox‐active polyurea (PUr) additives such as PUr‐diamine capped trimer (DCTA) and PUr‐diamine‐capped tetraaniline (DCTAni), derived from DCTA and DCTAni, were synthesized to enhance the anticorrosion properties of PU coatings. These are characterized using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared, and high‐resolution mass spectrometry technical methods. These additives (2, 5, and 10 wt%) were dispersed in a polyurethane‐urea (PUU) matrix, which was synthesized from PTMG‐2000, and IPDI with dihydrazide adipate as a chain extender. The electroactivity of the coatings were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. Furthermore, anticorrosion performance was assessed through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Tafel potentiodynamic polarization measurements. The optimal corrosion protection was achieved with increasing weight percent (wt%) of additive in PUU, showing a trend of 10% > 5% > 2%. Coatings reported maximum polarization resistance (Rp) of 122.15 MΩ, with corrosion rates (CR) as low as 2.38 × 10−6 mm/year. Accelerated salt spray testing over 600 h in a 5 wt% NaCl salt fog confirmed the coatings' durability. The microstructures of PUr particles were determined through FESEM characterization. Additive‐blended PUUs exhibited moderate tensile strength and elongation at break compared to the reference PUU matrix. The hydrophobicity of both the reference sample (PUU) and the additive‐blended coatings was measured, with the highest recorded value being at 93.1 ± 0.048 for 10 wt%. Thermal gravimetric analysis demonstrated polymer degradation with a maximum of T5% observed at 304.1°C.
Enhancing conductivity in polymers: The role of metal ions in conducting polymer systems
Authors: Sarangi Ashish K. , Tripathy Lizaranee , Ansari Azaj , Mohapatra Ranjan K. , Bhoi Sushil Kumar
Published: July 2024

As metal ion inclusion has a substantial effect on conducting polymer's mechanical, optical, and electrical properties, it has attracted a lot of attention. This article delves into the complex role of metal ions in conducting polymers, explaining how they affect functionality, structural stability, and conductivity enhancement. The review starts with a synopsis of conducting polymers and doping processes before diving into the particular ways that metal ions interact with polymer matrices to alter their electronic structure and charge transport characteristics. The importance of characterization techniques in comprehending the structure–property correlations is highlighted in the discussion of metal‐ion doped conducting polymer studies. In addition, the paper looks at the uses of conducting polymers doped with metal ions in numerous sectors, including energy storage, electronics, and sensors. The difficulties in attaining accurate control over doping concentrations and guaranteeing stability over an extended period are discussed, as well as potential avenues for future development in this area. This review offers important insights into the development and optimization of functional materials for a variety of applications by thoroughly investigating the function of metal ions in conducting polymers.
Incorporation of patient‐reported outcomes in early‐phase clinical trials for childhood and adolescent cancer
Authors: Vilaplana Andrea , Morell Mariona , Valero‐Arrese Lorena , Marshall Lynley V. , Saló Anna , Crowe Tracey , Romero Laura , de Rojas Teresa , Carceller Fernando , Moreno Lucas
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The assessment of quality of life (QoL) should be one of the main objectives in paediatric clinical trials. Even though researchers, regulators and advocates support the use of patient‐reported outcomes (PROs), this has not been fully implemented. The aim of this study is to assess the measurement of QoL and the usage of PROs, palatability assessments and medication diaries in early‐phase clinical trials for childhood and adolescent cancer.

Methods

Early‐phase clinical trials for children and adolescents with cancer opened between 2005 and 2022 at the Royal Marsden Hospital (London, UK) and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital (Barcelona, Spain) were interrogated for trial characteristics and the use of QoL questionnaires, PROs, palatability assessments and medication diaries.

Results

Overall, 72 clinical trials were analysed: 12 (16.7%) evaluated QoL and eight (11.1%) evaluated PROs. Palatability was tested in 21/40 (52.5%) trials of oral drugs and 23/72 (31.9%) incorporated medication diaries. No studies mentioned patient involvement in the trial protocol. Use of PROs increased from one of 36 (2.8%) to seven of 36 (19.4%) between the first period (2005–2016) and the second period (2017–2022) (p = .02). Implementation of medication diaries increased from seven of 36 (19.4%) to 16/36 (44.4%) in each period, respectively (p = .02).

Conclusion

Only a minor proportion of the international/multicentric early‐phase trials evaluated included QoL/PROs and medication diaries or palatability questionnaires to help assess these, although this trend seems to be increasing over recent years. Greater implementation of QoL/PROs has the potential to improve the patient's wellbeing and facilitate symptom control, to enhance patient/parent involvement in future trial designs and to provide information for drug prioritisation.
Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma presenting with spinal cord compression: A population‐based analysis of the NHL‐BFM study group
Authors: Riquelme Amambay , Werner Jana , Zimmermann Martin , von Mersi Hannah , Kabíčková Edita , Ceppi Francesco , Foerster Jan , Finger Jasmin , Müller Stephanie , Attarbaschi Andishe , Burkhardt Birgit , Woessmann Wilhelm
Published: July 2024

Background

Spinal cord compression is a rare presentation of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in children. We aimed to describe the prevalence, histological subtypes, clinical presentation, therapy, and outcome of those children in a population‐based cohort. The chemotherapy regimen remained comparable over time.

Methods

We retrospectively identified all children and adolescents with paresis as initial manifestations of the NHL between January 1990 and December 2020 from the NHL‐BFM database. Characteristics, therapy, and outcome data were gathered from the database and patient files.

Results

Fifty‐seven of 4779 children (1.2%) presented with initial paresis due to spinal cord compression. The median age was 10.3 years (range, 3.1‐18.0 years), and 33% were female. Initial symptoms were paresis/weakness (n = 50, 88%), back pain (n = 33, 58%), paresthesia (n = 23, 40%), and bladder dysfunction and/or constipation (n = 22, 39%), persisting for a median of 14 days before diagnosis. Subtype distribution was mature B‐NHL (n = 41, 72%), precursor B‐lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) (n = 12, 21%), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) (n = 3, 5%), and T‐LBL (n = 1, 2%). Initial emergency therapy included surgery (70%) and/or chemotherapy/steroids (63%). Five‐year event‐free survival and overall survival (80% ± 5% and 82% ± 5%, respectively) were comparable with all other NHL patients. Neurological symptoms persisted in approximately one‐third of surviving patients at the last follow‐up.

Conclusion

1.2% of pediatric NHL patients presented with paresis from spinal cord compression mainly due to B‐cell lymphomas. Neurological sequelae were observed in one‐third of surviving patients.
Polypyrrole wrapped‐carbon nanotube composites with self‐assembled core‐shell structure for high‐performance flexible supercapacitors
Authors: Jia Qian , Li Wenqing , Wang Kai , An Ping , Li Wei , Yang Jing , Li Tingxi , Han Yongqin
Published: July 2024

The polypyrrole wrapped‐carbon nanotube composites with the core‐shell design are prepared via two‐step self‐assembly originated from the multi‐interactions of dopant, zeolitic imidazolate framework, carbon nanotube and pyrrole. The core composed of carbon nanotube effectively improves the conductivity of the composite and provides stable double‐layer capacitance. The shell composed of polypyrrole and tightly wrapped on carbon nanotubes effectively prevents the volume expansion of polypyrrole while undergoing the process of doping/de‐doping as well as endows supercapacitors with high pseudocapacitance. The polypyrrole‐coated carbon nanotube displays a remarkable specific capacitance of 510 F g−1 when operating at a current density of 1 A g−1. Surprisingly, the assembled polypyrrole wrapped‐carbon nanotube//activated carbon asymmetric supercapacitor not only possesses a high capacitance preservation of 88.5% after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles at 5 A g−1, but also shows superior flexibility and stable electrochemical behaviors when subjected to various bending angles. Furthermore, the flexible polypyrrole wrapped‐carbon nanotube//activated carbon supercapacitor achieves the superb energy density of 86.3 Wh kg−1 and the power density of 800 W kg−1 when operating at 1 A g−1. These results highlight the significant potential of this new generation of flexible supercapacitor devices.

Highlights

Polypyrrole is wrapped on carbon nanotube to form a core‐shell structure

CNTs improve the conductivity and provides double‐layer capacitance

The core‐shell design prevents the volume expansion of polypyrrole

The assembled asymmetric supercapacitor shows superior flexibility
Thermal curing of epoxy resins at lower temperature using 4‐(methylamino)pyridine derivatives as novel thermal latent curing agents
Authors: Aoki Daisuke , Dogoshi Shigemasa , Ito Yukai , Arimitsu Koji
Published: July 2024

To expand the application fields of epoxy resins, there has been a growing demand for thermal latent curing agents that combine a lower curing temperature with a long storage lifetime for a one‐component epoxy formulation. Herein, we present the use of novel thermal latent curing agents for epoxy resins that are effective at lower curing temperatures compared to epoxy resins containing imidazoles as curing agents—they are based on 4‐(methylamino)pyridine (4MAPy), with reactivity suppressed by different amide protecting groups. We revealed reaction mechanism of epoxy polymerization by the thermal latent 4MAPy, using Matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization–time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and 1H NMR analyses of the model polymerization of phenyl glycidyl ether. The amide protecting groups decomposed to form the highly reactive 4MAPy by nucleophilic acyl substitution with the propagating alkoxide. Furthermore, FT‐IR data and pencil hardness tests revealed that thermal latent 4MAPy derivatives, particularly those with electron‐rich pyridine rings, can cure epoxy resins at lower curing temperatures, notably 90°C. The thermal latent 4MAPy derivatives with epoxy resin exhibited a storage lifetime of at least 6 days at 3°C, in contrast to 4MAPy with epoxy resin that cured within a day after mixing.
XRAInet: AI‐based decision support for pneumothorax and pleural effusion management
Authors: Akay Mustafa Alper , Tatar Ozan Can , Tatar Elif , Tağman Beyza Nur , Metin Semih , Varlıklı Onursal
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to develop and assess the performance of an artificial intelligence (AI)‐driven decision support system, XRAInet, in accurately identifying pediatric patients with pleural effusion or pneumothorax and determining whether tube thoracostomy intervention is warranted.

Methods

In this diagnostic accuracy study, we retrospectively analyzed a data set containing 510 X‐ray images from 170 pediatric patients admitted between 2005 and 2022. Patients were categorized into two groups: Tube (requiring tube thoracostomy) and Conservative (managed conservatively). XRAInet, a deep learning‐based algorithm, was trained using this data set. We evaluated its performance using various metrics, including mean Average Precision (mAP), recall, precision, and F1 score.

Results

XRAInet, achieved a mAP score of 0.918. This result underscores its ability to accurately identify and localize regions necessitating tube thoracostomy for pediatric patients with pneumothorax and pleural effusion. In an independent testing data set, the model exhibited a sensitivity of 64.00% and specificity of 96.15%.

Conclusion

In conclusion, XRAInet presents a promising solution for improving the detection and decision‐making process for cases of pneumothorax and pleural effusion in pediatric patients using X‐ray images. These findings contribute to the expanding field of AI‐driven medical imaging, with potential applications for enhancing patient outcomes. Future research endeavors should explore hybrid models, enhance interpretability, address data quality issues, and align with regulatory requirements to ensure the safe and effective deployment of XRAInet in healthcare settings.
Estrogen deprivation and estrogen receptor α antagonism decrease DSS colitis in female mice
Authors: Hjelt Anja , Anttila Santeri , Wiklund Anu , Rokka Anne , Al‐Ramahi Darin , Toivola Diana M. , Polari Lauri , Määttä Jorma
Published: July 2024

The association of hormonal contraception with increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) observed in females suggests involvement of ovarian hormones, such as estradiol, and the estrogen receptors in the progression of intestinal inflammation. Here, we investigated the effects of prophylactic SERM2 and estradiol supplementation in dextran sulfate sodium‐induced colitis using mice with intact ovaries and ovariectomized (OVX) female mice. We found that graded colitis score was threefold reduced in the OVX mice, compared to mice with intact ovaries. Estradiol supplementation, however, aggravated the colitis in OVX mice, increasing the colitis score to a similar level than what was observed in the intact mice. Further, we observed that immune infiltration and gene expression of inflammatory interleukins Il1b, Il6, and Il17a were up to 200‐fold increased in estradiol supplemented OVX colitis mice, while a mild but consistent decrease was observed by SERM2 treatment in intact animals. Additionally, cyclo‐oxygenase 2 induction was increased in the colon of colitis mice, in correlation with increased serum estradiol levels. Measured antagonist properties of SERM2, together with the other results presented here, indicates an exaggerating role of ERα signaling in colitis. Our results contribute to the knowledge of ovarian hormone effects in colitis and encourage further research on the potential use of ER antagonists in the colon, in order to alleviate inflammation.
Strain‐Engineered Unified SiNx Deposition for Device Passivation and Capacitance Dielectric in GaN Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit
Authors: Sahu Jyoti , Parvez Bazila , Patil Mahalaxmi , S. J. Ranie , Sahu Arpit , Basak Subhajit , Upadhyay Bhanu , Ganguly Swaroop , Saha Dipankar
Published: July 2024

Silicon nitride (SiNx) is used for device passivation and capacitance dielectric in GaN monolithic microwave integrated circuits. However, this is a conflicting requirement as passivation requires SiNx to cause tensile strain, and capacitance dielectric primarily demands a high breakdown voltage and large dielectric constant for SiNx, leading to a damaged AlGaN surface during deposition. Two independent SiNx depositions under two different conditions (silicon‐ and nitrogen‐rich) are usually carried out to meet both requirements. Herein, a solution for a unified deposition through interfacial strain analysis on an AlGaN/GaN heterostructure grown on 6H‐SiC imposed by thin film silicon nitride (SiNx), deposited using inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition system is proposed. The strain analysis is done using Raman spectroscopy. The surface morphology of the SiNx is studied using atomic force microscopy. The breakdown characteristics are ascertained from measurements on high electron mobility transistors and metal–insulator–metal capacitors.
Preparation of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube/Si3N4/Polyaniline Ternary Composites and Their Microwave Absorption Properties
Authors: Ji Xiaoli , Qiao Ruochen , Xu Zhihao , Liu Jian , Yuan Haoze
Published: July 2024

Herein, multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/silicon nitride (Si3N4)/polyaniline (PANI) ternary composites are prepared. The preparation method involves attaching carboxyl groups to acid‐modified MWCNT surfaces and amino groups to Si3N4 surfaces modified using a silane‐coupling agent. Then they are combined to binary composites using the solvent‐thermal method. Finally, the ternary composites are prepared by coating PANI on the surface of MWCNT/Si3N4 composites in situ polymerization. The morphology and structure of these composites are characterized through X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Results show that the reflection loss at 8.8 GHz reaches −42.57 dB when the feeding ratio of MWCNT:Si3N4:PANI is 3:20:40 and the corresponding effective absorption bandwidth reaches 4.06 GHz when the thickness is 3.5 mm. A conductive network with effective electron leaps is formed among MWCNT, Si3N4, and PANI, which increases the conductive loss of the composites. An abundant number of interfaces have formed in the composite materials and promoted dielectric loss. Multiple loss mechanisms and good impedance matching performance endow MWCNT/Si3N4/PANI with excellent microwave absorption performance, and the incorporation of Si3N4 enables the composites to exhibit satisfactory high‐temperature resistance. Thus, these performances render the composites promising materials to address increasing electromagnetic pollution, particularly at high temperatures.
A rational finance explanation of the stock predictability puzzle
Authors: Shirvani Abootaleb , Rachev Svetlozar T. , Fabozzi Frank J.
Published: July 2024

We address the stock predictability puzzle, a challenge in the stock market often discussed in behavioral finance. Our approach formulates a statistical model within rational finance, avoiding reliance on behavioral finance assumptions, and integrates stock return predictability into the Black–Scholes option pricing framework. Empirical analysis focuses on the predictability of stock prices by option and spot traders, introducing a forward‐looking measure we term “implied excess predictability.” Results show that option traders' predictability of stock returns positively correlates with moneyness, whereas for spot traders, this relationship is inverse. These findings suggest a potential asymmetry in stock price predictability between spot and option traders. Additionally, we demonstrate the importance of incorporating stock return predictability into option pricing formulas, particularly for options with strike prices significantly different from the stock price. Conversely, when moneyness is close to unity, predictability is not integrated into option pricing, indicating equal information among spot and option traders. Comparison of volatility measures reveals the difference between implied and realized variances or variance risk premia as potential predictors of stock returns.
Adaptive finite‐time tracking control of nonlinear systems subject to input hysteresis and multiple objective constraints
Authors: Zhao Wei , Han Yu‐Qun , Zhou Ya‐Feng , Zhu Shan‐Liang
Published: July 2024

In this article, the problem of adaptive finite‐time tracking control for a class of nonlinear systems subject to backlash‐like input hysteresis and multiple objective constraints is investigated. For the purpose of realizing multiple objective constraints, a new time‐varying barrier function (TVBF) is introduced to ensure that all objective constraint functions are always within the defined range. Meanwhile, based on the combination of the command filter approach and adaptive backstepping control, an error compensation system (ECS) is supplied to reduce the impact of filter error on control performance. Additionally, the problem of “singularity” caused by hysteresis is avoided by linearizing the backlash‐like hysteresis model, and Nussbaum‐type function is also applied to reduce the influence of hysteresis on the stability of the system. Then, by combining multi‐dimensional Taylor network (MTN) technology and command filter backstepping approach, an adaptive finite‐time control strategy is designed. The proposed control strategy ensures that all the signals in the closed‐loop system realize finite‐time semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB), and the output signal of the system can track the reference signal greatly while adhering to multiple objective constraints. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by a practical simulation example.
Enriching the Surface Properties of Novel SnO2 Doped CoZnO2 Nanocomposite for Photocatalytic, Reduction and Bio‐Medicinal Applications
Authors: Prabha I. , Baskar S. , Nivetha A. , Sakthivel C. , Nandhabala S. , Hemalatha J. , Senthamil C.
Published: July 2024

Novel CoZnO2 and SnO2 doped CoZnO2 nanocomposites (NCs) were synthesized by the co‐precipitation method successfully and analyzed using UV‐Vis, FT‐IR, XRD and SEM analysis etc. The UV‐Vis studies confirmed the absorption values of CoZnO2 and SnO2 doped CoZnO2 at 359 and 365 nm respectively and the obtained FT‐IR peaks at 569 and 538 cm−1 revealed the presence of metal‐oxygen bonds successfully. The crystalline size was found to be 21.46 and 40.35 nm. In SEM analysis, CoZnO2 showed the densified un‐uniform particles whereas SnO2 doped CoZnO2 NCs seemed to be bunch of particles combined together. The synthesized NCs have proved the photocatalytic property by confirming the degradation efficiency of 72.22 and 82.22 % against methylene blue (MB) under sunlight irradiation as natural source at the time interval of 120 mins. It is revealed by the enhancement in the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol by changing the parameters and the efficiency percentage of 89.46 and 94.52 % at 18 and 16 mins respectively. The adsorption study was carried out by changing different concentrations of targeted pesticide like glyphosate and the percentage (%) efficiency was calculated to be 90.90, 83.53, 78.49 %, and 91.02, 88.23, 80.64 % for CoZnO2 and SnO2 doped CoZnO2 effectively. The high inhibition against DPPH was found to be 42.7 and 53.7 % at 500 μg mL−1 and the maximum zone of inhibition was found to be 22 mm against to 240 μg mL−1 of E. coli. Therefore, the current study proposed that the CoZnO2 and SnO2 doped CoZnO2 have good capability for bio‐chemical catalytic applications.
Bis(2,3,5,6‐tetrafluorothiophenolato) Iron(III) (α,α,α,β)‐Tetrakis(o–pivalamidophenyl)porphyrin Ion Complex: Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Structural Characterization and Computational Studies
Authors: Dhifet Mondher , Gassoumi Bouzid , Issaoui Noureddine , Nasri Habib
Published: July 2024

In this work, we present the synthesis of the cryptand‐222)potassium bis(2,3,5,6‐tetrafluorothiophenolato)[α,α,α,β‐tetrakis(o‐pivalamidophenyl) porphyrinato]iron(III) with the formula [K(cryp‐222)][FeIII(TpivPP)(C6HF4S)2] (I). Notably, we started with the (α,α,α,α) atropisomer and the final product is made by the (α,α,α,β) atropisomer as shown by the X‐ray molecular structure of complex I. The crystal structure of our P450 model indicates that the mean equatorial distance between the central ion and the four nitrogen atoms of the pyrrole ring of the porphyrin (Fe−Np) is equal to 1.997(6) Å indicating that complex I is a ferric low‐spin complex (S=1/2). Both X‐ray molecular structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis show that the crystal packing of I is made by C−H⋅⋅⋅O and C−H⋅⋅⋅F weak intermolecular hydrogen interactions involving neighboring [FeIII(TpivPP)(C6HF4S)2]− ion complexes. Furthermore, the characteristics of the HOMO and LUMO molecular frontier orbitals and the reactivity of complex I were investigated by DFT/B3LYP/LanL2DZ level of DFT and a Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) calculation has been made to determine the nucleophilic‐electrophilic of this new ferric metalloporphyrin.
Post‐Adsorption Properties and Thermodynamic Adsorption Parameters of Various Graphene Oxide‐Based Materials
Authors: Le Thi Thu Huong , Ngo Thi Thuong , Han Thi Phuong Nga , Chu Thi Thanh
Published: July 2024

Graphene oxide (GO) and its composites have been widely studied for environmental applications, including for dye removal. In this study, various GO‐based materials namely GF, GFA, and GFC were successfully synthesized and characterized by FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, FESEM, BET, and TGA methods before and after being used to adsorb methylene blue from aqueous solutions. The BET results reveal that MB molecules most filled in the pores at the size of 100–300 nm of the materials. The adsorption process followed the pseudo‐first‐order equation and Sips isothermal model for all the materials. However, GFA showed the maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax=739 mg/g) and the most negative value of ΔG while the least effective material was GFC. The experiment revealed that GF and GFA could remove up to 95.0 % color on the real textile wastewater sample, and the materials are very promising for dye removal application.
When ideologies align: Progressive corporate activism and within‐firm ideological alignment
Authors: McKean Anna E. , King Brayden G.
Published: July 2024

Research Summary

This article examines the association between ideology and firm participation in sociopolitical activism. In particular, it focuses on the ideological alignment between a firm's upper echelons and its general employees. We theorize that participation in progressive corporate activism reflects the ideological views of both the top management team and general employees. By examining firm participation in letter campaigns supporting progressive causes, our findings indicate that ideological alignment between a top management teams and general employees' liberal political leanings is associated with a firm's participation in progressive corporate activism. The CEO's own ideological preferences do not have an independent association with this kind of activism. This article concludes with a discussion of implications for our understanding of corporate political action and nonmarket strategy.

Managerial Summary

This article looks at the relationship between political ideology and firm participation in sociopolitical activism. Although some have argued that firms' activism reflects a CEO's ideological preferences or employee activism, we find that neither explanation fully accounts for the kinds of companies that engage in this kind of activism. We find that progressive corporate activism reflects the ideological views of both top management and general employees. Our findings suggest that companies that have ideological alignment on progressive issues are more likely to take public stands on those issues because the stands reinforce core values held by employees and the top management.
A Minimalist Iron Oxide Nanoprobe for the High‐Resolution Depiction of Stroke by Susceptibility‐Weighted Imaging
Authors: Han Bing , Zhao Yujie , Ma Li , Chen Li , Hou Wenjing , Li Bingjie , Wang Jiaojiao , Yu Jiaojiao , Wang Guohe , He Yujing , Ma Min , Zhou Junzi , Sun Shao‐Kai , Yu Chunshui , Pan Jinbin
Published: July 2024

The precise mapping of collateral circulation and ischemic penumbra is crucial for diagnosing and treating acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Unfortunately, there exists a significant shortage of high‐sensitivity and high‐resolution in vivo imaging techniques to fulfill this requirement. Herein, a contrast enhanced susceptibility‐weighted imaging (CE‐SWI) using the minimalist dextran‐modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@Dextran NPs) are introduced for the highly sensitive and high‐resolution AIS depiction under 9.4 T for the first time. The Fe3O4@Dextran NPs are synthesized via a simple one‐pot coprecipitation method using commercial reagents under room temperature. It shows merits of small size (hydrodynamic size 25.8 nm), good solubility, high transverse relaxivity (r2) of 51.3 mM−1s−1 at 9.4 T, and superior biocompatibility. The Fe3O4@Dextran NPs‐enhanced SWI can highlight the cerebral vessels readily with significantly improved contrast and ultrahigh resolution of 0.1 mm under 9.4 T MR scanner, enabling the clear spatial identification of collateral circulation in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model. Furthermore, Fe3O4@Dextran NPs‐enhanced SWI facilitates the precise depiction of ischemia core, collaterals, and ischemic penumbra post AIS through matching analysis with other multimodal MR sequences. The proposed Fe3O4@Dextran NPs‐enhanced SWI offers a high‐sensitivity and high‐resolution imaging tool for individualized characterization and personally precise theranostics of stroke patients.
Tailored Polymersomes for Enhanced Oral Drug Delivery: pH‐Sensitive Systems for Intestinal Delivery of Immunosuppressants
Authors: Tollemeto Matteo , Ursulska Sintija , Welzen Pascal L. W. , Thamdrup Lasse H. E. , Malakpour‐Permlid Atena , Li Yudong , Soufi Gohar , Patiño Padial Tania , Christensen Jørn B. , Hagner Nielsen Line , van Hest Jan , Boisen Anja
Published: July 2024

Ensuring precise drug release at target sites is crucial for effective treatment. Here, pH‐responsive nanoparticles for oral administration of mycophenolate mofetil, an alternative therapy for patients with inflammatory bowel disease unresponsive to conventional treatments is developed. However, its oral administration presents challenges due to its low solubility in the small intestine and high solubility and absorption in the stomach. Therefore, this aim is to design a drug delivery system capable of maintaining drug solubility compared to the free drug while delaying absorption from the stomach to the intestine. Successful synthesis and assembly of a block copolymer incorporating a pH‐responsive functional group is achieved. Dynamic light scattering indicated a significant change in hydrodynamic size when the pH exceeded 6.5, confirming successful incorporation of the pH‐responsive group. Encapsulation and controlled release of mycophenolate mofetil are efficiently demonstrated, with 90% release observed at intestinal pH. In vitro cell culture studies confirmed biocompatibility, showing no toxicity or adverse effects on Caco‐2 cells. In vivo oral rat studies indicated reduced drug absorption in the stomach and enhanced absorption in the small intestine with the developed formulation. This research presents a promising drug delivery system with potential applications in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
The effects of supplementation of vitamin D to the egg‐yolk extender on cryopreservation of ram semen
Authors: Aktar Ahmet , Toker Mehmed Berk , Koca Davut , Uzun Umit Can , Alcay Selim
Published: July 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to examine the effects of supplementation of vitamin D to the egg‐yolk extender on characteristics of frozen–thawed ram semen.

Methods

Semen samples obtained from adult rams were pooled and divided into five equal volumes. It was reconstituted with extenders containing different concentrations of vitamin D: 0 (control), 12.5 (VITD 12.5), 25 (VITD 25), 50 (VITD 50), and 100 ng/mL (VITD 100), and then they were frozen. Sperm motility parameters, plasma membrane functional integrity, acrosomal integrity, DNA fragmentation, and mitochondrial membrane potential of the groups were evaluated after sperm thawing.

Results

Total motility and progressive motility were higher in VITD 50 than in all other groups (p < 0.05). Higher sperm straightness, linearity, and wooble were higher in VITD 50 than in the control group (p < 0.05). A similar pattern of VITD 50 was observed for plasma membrane integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

In the study, it was observed that adding vitamin D to the extender had a beneficial effect on ram spermatological parameters. In addition, it was concluded that the use of the 50 ng/mL vitamin D in the extender provided more effective protection than the other doses.