bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reliability of smart noise pollution map
Authors: Nasser Zahraa M. , Abedali Abdulhaq H. , Alkanaani Hayder A.
Published: July 2023

The problem of noise pollution in Baghdad, the capital city of Iraq, is getting worse every day as a result of the increased volume of traffic. This presents a considerable risk, particularly on the main roads that connect densely populated neighborhoods such as the Al-Sadr City district with the central neighborhoods of the capital. In order to inform decision-makers in urban development and environmental policy about the high values of noise pollution that require remediation and regulation, noise maps are produced. However, two fundamental problems are generally faced in creating a more reliable noise map in the shortest possible time: the excessive time requirements for measuring noise and determining the method of map creation. Therefore, the role of geographic information system (GIS) software in producing noise maps is evident due to the difficulty of increasing the spatial density of measurements and integrating them with spatial information. Hence, an appropriate interpolation method is required. In this article, Moran’sIindex was calculated to assess the spatial autocorrelation of measured traffic noise points. A comparison was made between the Smart Map Plugin ordinary kriging (OK) and the inverse distance weighting (IDW) deterministic interpolation method to determine the best method for producing noise maps for the main entrance and exit roads of Al-Sadr City. The noise values were modeled using the best-performing method. Furthermore, the predictive raster data are displayed in the spatial context as a starting point and reference for identifying and understanding the levels of traffic noise in the selected study area. The locations of selected points for measuring traffic noise values were determined in an organized and homogeneous manner, where noise points for the main entrance and exit roads were opposite each other, and the distance between consecutive noise points on each road was 100 m. Traffic noise measurements were carried out at each selected point using the SVAN977 sound and vibration analyzer. At each measurement point, three noise values (LAeq, Max, Min) were obtained during the three peak times, 7–9 AM, 12–2 PM, and 4–6 PM. QGIS software was used to compare the two interpolation methods, with its strength lying in the use of plugins that facilitate spatial analysis, processing tools, and algorithms. The Smart Map Plugin provided facilities to choose the appropriate semi-variogram in the OK interpolation method. The root mean square error was used to compare the two interpolation methods in order to determine the most suitable method for producing traffic noise maps in the study area. The results indicated that the Smart Map Plugin using OK outperformed the IDW method, as spatial distribution pattern and homogeneity affect the accuracy of interpolation. Moreover, based on the analysis of the three noise attributes (LAeq, Max, Min), the performance of the Smart Map Plugin (OK) was found to be better than IDW when the Moran’sIvalue was high.
Testimonial Kinds: The Source Factor
Authors: Safi Mohammed Tayssir
Published: July 2023

In this article, I argue that the nature of testimony necessitates that we distinguish between testimonies that are based on the informant's sense perception, inference, or on a longer testimonial chain. I further argue that this distinction has epistemic significance, in that it helps us better understand how reliable certain classes of testimonies are and how reliable certain individuals are, based upon the epistemic source that their testimony is ultimately grounded in. I begin the article, in Section 1, by drawing attention to the existence of several different terms for testimony found within the Islamic philosophical tradition. In Section 2, I argue that the essential difference between these terms has to do with the epistemic source that grounds the speaker’s testimony. In Section 3, I move on to explicate how this distinction helps us better understand the reliability of testimony and how it impacts our evaluation of the reliability of different speakers in different contexts. In Section 4, I use this distinction to challenge the necessary condition of speaker competency. Finally, in Section 5, I use the distinction to undermine the belief-transmission view in the epistemology of testimony.
Skin, soap, and spaghetti: investigations of co-existing solid and liquid phases in organic materials using solid-state NMR with dynamics-based spectral editing
Authors: Topgaard Daniel
Published: July 2023

Solid-state NMR methods incorporating dynamics-based spectral editing have a remarkable versatility for resolving and separately characterizing co-existing solid and liquid phases or domains in biologically and technically relevant organic materials. While 13C spectra acquired under magic-angle spinning and 1H decoupling provide atomic resolution, the signal intensities obtained with the CP and INEPT polarization transfer techniques give qualitative information about dynamics. This mini-review covers the basics of translational and rotational motion of atoms and molecules in organic materials, theoretical aspects of the relations between C–H bond reorientation and CP and INEPT signal intensities, and applications of the methods to a broad range of heterogeneous materials comprising hydrated assemblies of surfactants, lipids, proteins, and/or carbohydrates.
Der amerikanische Inflation Reduction Act: Zwischen Klimaschutz und Protektionismus
Authors: Fuest Clemens , Potrafke Niklas
Published: July 2023

Der Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) verstärkt den Klimaschutz in den Vereinigten Staaten, verfolgt aber auch industriepolitische und geopolitische Ziele. Er hat zu Forderungen geführt, die europäische Politik sollte ebenfalls neue Programme für Industriesubventionen im Bereich Klimaschutz auflegen. Europa ist allerdings in einer anderen Lage als die Vereinigten Staaten. Industrien, die im Bereich des Klimaschutzes tätig sind, werden bereits sehr stark subventioniert. Zugleich ist der Fokus auf den CO2-Preis als zentrales Instrument des Klimaschutzes ein Vorteil. Aber Europa hat Nachholbedarf im Bereich des Standort- und Steuerwettbewerbs insgesamt und sollte hier die Rahmenbedingungen verbessern. Daten aus einem Experten-Survey zeigen indessen, dass der IRA in Europa für deutlich wichtiger und die Gefahr von Industrieabwanderung infolge des IRA für größer gehalten wird als in anderen Ländern außerhalb der Vereinigten Staaten.
Blue Economic Corridors as a Part of the Belt and Road Initiative and Their Implications for The World Economy
Authors:   University of Gdansk, Oziewicz Ewa , Pangsy-Kania Sylwia ,   University of Gdansk
Published: July 2023

Goal – the aim of this article is to present the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road as the maritime complement to the Silk Road Economic Belt, paying particular attention to the benefits and costs for China and other countries. Research methodology – the article uses the method of descriptive and explanatory research, as well as the cause and effect analysis based on a review of the literature on the subject. Score/results – presentation of the importance of the Maritime Silk Road (MSR) and its enormous economic potential as well as other key ramifications for the various nations situated along the routes and the world economy. Originality/value – blue economic corridors need to be understood as complement to each other regarding the strategic integration of the regions under the BRI and the benefits and costs of the engagement in them are different for various groups of countries. The implications of the MSR for China and other countries are presented in the tables covering both advantages and benefits plus disadvantages and threats.
Strategy of Conserving Karawitan in Studio Seni Lombang Sarwi Tuwel Village, Tegal Regency
Authors: Setiyowati Hani , Wiyoso Joko
Published: July 2023

Studio Seni Lombang Sarwi which is located in Tuwel Village, is unique in that it has musical lessons specifically or targeted at teenagers in the village. This activity is of course as a filler for children's free time so that it is used for useful activities compared to playing gadgets and without parental supervision, it will have a negative impact. In this thesis research, researchers used a phenomenological approach and used qualitative methods. Data collection is done through observation, interviews and documentation. In the data validity technique using the triangulation technique. The results of this research are the preservation strategy used, namely by using staging media and media. Based on the results of the research and discussion related to the strategy for preserving karawitan of studio Lombang Sarwi, the following conclusions can be drawn: the strategy used by the Lombang Sarwi  in the effort to preserve musical instruments is by using staging media and through visits. Through a musical performance played by teenagers, it will attract the interest of their friends to participate in playing karawitan music, this is because those who watch the performance of their friends feel motivated to be able to do the same thing. In addition to encouragement from the teenage audience, parents who have children will also be motivated because they are motivated so that their children can also have positive activities, so they advise their children to fill their free time to learn karawitan music at the Lombang Sarwi. Then by providing the best presentation when there is a visit, it is hoped that it can make the visitors interested and the most important thing is to give the impression of an interesting experience during a visit to the Lombang Sarwi Art Studio. That way the visitors after leaving the studio will bring this impression to the wider community and share their experiences during a visit to the Studio Seni Lombang Sarwi.
Adaptation of Assessment Techniques and Procedures of Music Learning Outcomes in The New Normal Era
Authors: Aprilyawan Andita , Utomo Udi
Published: July 2023

The change in the Covid-19 pandemic era to the new normal era demands changes in the implementation of learning again. In this regard, this study aims to describe and analyze the adaptation of techniques and procedures for assessing learning outcomes carried out by teachers. The research was conducted with a qualitative descriptive method. Data was obtained through observation, interviews, and document study. The process of checking the validity of the data was done by triangulating data sources. The data analysis technique used descriptive analysis with the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. The study results show that the implementation of assessments in the Covid-19 pandemic era to the new normal era has changed. During the Covid-19 pandemic and the new normal, the knowledge assessment technique used was the same: the written test. However, the assessment procedures and types of test items were different. During the Covid 19 pandemic, the knowledge questions used were in the form of multiple choice, which was done digitally. Meanwhile, during the new normal, multiple-choice questions and essays were used with digital and manual (written) processing procedures. Skills assessment during the Covid-19 pandemic was carried out using a performance assessment whose object of observation was in the form of a video recording which was sent to a digital platform. Meanwhile, during the new normal, project evaluation was carried out to know the process and the results of the work which the procedures were carried out directly.
Audience Reception Analysis on the Phenomenon of ‘Nonsense’ Lyrical Meaning of Asmalibrasi by Soegi Bornean
Authors: Amrullah Abdika Taslih , Khusyairi Johny Alfian , Riyanto Edi Dwi
Published: July 2023

This article discusses the prevailing debate regarding the phenomenon of ‘nonsense’ lyrical meaning of Asmalibrasi, a song released in 2020 by Soegi Bornean, in the scope of audience reception analysis. The analysis focuses on how the audiences interpret the process of meaning making and how they perceive the aesthetic of the song amidts the backlash to its lyrical meaning which is deemed as meaningless and nonsense. This research used qualitative approach and collected the data through semi-structured interview and virtual observation. The data are the combination of primary data collected from semi-structured interview and virtual observation on twitter and secondary data gathered from online news and online articles. The discussion of the audience’s reception is based on encoding and decoding model by Stuart Hall to analyse the audience responses. Furthermore, the overall findings were synthesized and analysed according to the concept of characteristic and aesthetic of postmodern artworks, music, by Jameson. From the study, it is shown that the aesthetic of the song Asmalibrasi is not predefined and subject to fixed perception. It is rather more varied according to the listener’s individual perception. Moreover, the song Asmalibrasi maintains its aesthetic through emanating a vibe. The vibe emanated by Asmalibrasi is also what matters for the song to be enjoyed by the listeners. In other words, listeners have their personal perspective and consideration aspects in decoding the meaning which further define how they perceive the aesthetic of the song.
Antithyroid arthritis syndrome caused by methimazole in a patient with Graves’ disease
Authors: Kawasumi Muneo , Kubota Mitsunobu , Yoshii Yoko , Tokunaga Tadahiro
Published: July 2023

This is a report on antithyroid arthritis syndrome (AAS) which is a rare adverse effect of antithyroid agents. AAS presents with severe symptoms including myalgia, arthralgia, arthritis, fever, and skin eruption due to the use of antithyroid agents. We encountered a 55-year-old woman with severe pain in the hand and forearm and arthralgia in multiple joints, including the knee, ankle, hand, and wrist on day 23 after initiation of methimazole (MMI) for Graves’ disease. Blood tests revealed elevated inflammation markers such as C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, and magnetic resonance imaging of the hands confirmed inflammation findings. After withdrawing MMI on day 25, symptoms showed a tendency toward improvement. Afterwards, inflammation markers also dropped to an almost normal range. In addition to the above findings, the absence of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and most vasculitis symptoms such as nephritis, skin, or pulmonary lesions led to the diagnosis of AAS. A resolution of symptoms, except for mild arthralgia in the second to fourth fingers of the right hand, was observed 61 days after discontinuation of MMI. Although the pathogenesis is unclear, the positive drug lymphocyte stimulation test for MMI and the several weeks before the onset of AAS suggested involvement of a type IV allergic reaction. Based on a discussion of definitive treatment for Graves’ disease, radioactive iodine ablation with 131I, which was selected by the patient, was performed and improved her thyroid function. Our case demonstrates the importance of awareness regarding AAS, which is a rare and under-recognized, but life-threatening adverse effect of antithyroid agents.

Learning points

Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of developing antithyroid arthritis syndrome (AAS) in patients treated with antithyroid medications, which can lead to severe migratory polyarthritis.

Prompt cessation of the antithyroid agent is essential for the resolution of AAS.

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) negativity is needed to differentiate from antithyroid agent-induced ANCA-associated vasculitis, which shows arthritis similar to AAS.
Protocol-Guided Teaching in Junior-Secondary Physics Education: An Analysis of the Learning Protocol for the Velocity Instruction Based on Real-World Circumstances
Authors: Tang Qianghong
Published: July 2023

Protocol-guided teaching is a student-centered instructional model in which the teacher creates the learning protocol prior to the lesson in order to direct students toward active and autonomous learning. A well-structured learning protocol is essential for the effective application of this instructional paradigm. This article evaluates the significance of protocol-guided instruction in junior secondary physics education by analyzing the learning protocol for velocity instruction. Protocol emphasizes situation-based learning and the inquiry chain method.
Gütekriterien in der qualitativen Managementforschung
Authors: Schmidt Johannes , Voigt Ludger
Published: July 2023

Mit zunehmender Ausdifferenzierung qualitativer Forschungsmethoden stellt sich die Frage nach einer angemessenen Bewertung der Güte und Wissenschaftlichkeit anhand geeigneter Kriterien. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags werden verschiedene qualitative Gütekriterien aufgezeigt. Es wird argumentiert, dass Gütekriterien qualitativer Forschung in Bezug zum konkreten Forschungsvorhaben zu betrachten sind und nicht als universalistische Standards angesehen werden sollten.
Vermögensbildungspolitik
Authors: Naumer Hans-Jörg
Published: July 2023

Ob Aktienrente, Mitarbeiterkapitalbeteiligung, Altersvorsorge, Wohneigentumsnot, Ungleichheit – die Vermögensbildungspolitik ist der Elefant im Raum bei den drängendsten, gesellschaftspolitischen Debatten, und der weitestgehend übersehene Bestandteil der Sozialpolitik. Dieser Beitrag ordnet die Vermögensbildungspolitik im Kontext der Sozialen Marktwirtschaft ein, untersucht den Bedarf und beschreibt die Aufgabenstellung für die Politikgestaltung.
Digital Leadership und digitale Organisationen
Authors: Wirtz Bernd W. , Kubin Pascal R. M.
Published: July 2023

Die digitale Transformation von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft weist eine erhebliche Dynamik auf. Diese Dynamik erfordert agile und flexible Führungskräfte, Organisationen und Teams, welche die Potenziale digitaler Technologien bestmöglich ausschöpfen. Der Beitrag thematisiert die digitale Führung im Kontext zunehmender Digitalisierungsprozesse. Zudem werden Organisationsformen und Teamstrukturen dargestellt, die der Dynamik der digitalen Transformation gerecht werden können.
Fallen die Preise für Wohnimmobilien?
Authors: Just Tobias , Dönch Daniel
Published: July 2023

Es gibt kaum einen Markt, der die Menschen so sehr bewegt wie derjenige für Wohnimmobilien. Schließlich braucht jeder ein Dach über dem Kopf. Über zehn Jahre kannten die Preise für Immobilieneigentum und Mieten nur eine Richtung, die nach oben. Dafür sorgten neben den Niedrigzinsen auch die Zuwanderung und eine Bautätigkeit deutlich unter den bundesweiten Zielen der Regierung. Jüngst hat sich allerdings ein vermeintlicher Höchststand bei den Preisen herauskristallisiert. Dafür sind wohl mehreren Faktoren ausschlaggebend – allen voran die sprunghaft gestiegenen Kreditzinsen. Kommt es nun zu einem breiten Rückgang des Werts für Wohnimmobilien – und damit auch der Mieten? Die Wirtschaftswissenschaftlicher Tobias Just und Daniel Dönch haben bei dieser Frage unterschiedliche Auffassungen.
El concepto puro del reconocer y su aparecer para la autoconciencia en la Fenomenología del espíritu
Authors: Abellón Milton
Published: July 2023

Este trabajo analiza los dos momentos de la exposición hegeliana del reconocimiento (Anerkennung) que se desarrollan al final de la parte introductoria y en la sección A del capítulo IV de la Fenomenología del espíritu (1807), (i) el concepto puro del reconocer y (ii) el aparecer de dicho concepto para la autoconciencia, con el fin de esclarecer el sentido específico de la noción de reconocimiento en el marco problemático de dicho capítulo. Nuestra primera tesis es que el primer momento (i) establece los momentos constitutivos del movimiento del reconocer y, con ello, de la mediación intersubjetiva de la autoconciencia, sólo desde la referencia (Beziehung) práctica y recíproca entre las dos (auto)conciencias en las que la autoconciencia se duplica. Nuestra segunda tesis es que el segundo momento (ii), en particular la dominación y la servidumbre, muestra que el reconocimiento implica una triple referencia de la autoconciencia que persiste como conciencia [sc. (auto)conciencia], pues desarrolla la doble referencia práctica entre las dos (auto)conciencias y la referencia práctica e intersubjetiva de la autoconciencia duplicada con el algo vivo o la «cosa natural» que era objeto de la apetencia. Nuestra tercera tesis es que, aunque el reconocimiento recíproco no se realice en la sección A, su exposición exhibe que consiste en el resultado del movimiento de la referencia práctica e intersubjetiva de la (auto)conciencia, constituyendo el momento en el que la autoconciencia superaría su contraposición como conciencia y alcanzaría la unidad mediada consigo misma en la unidad mediada con el ser otro.
Lo político de la naturaleza
Authors: Assalone Eduardo
Published: July 2023

El presente artículo aborda el libro Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts de G. W. F. Hegel a partir de una «lectura transversal» del sistema, que conecta dicha obra con la Filosofía de la Naturaleza. Para ello propongo una clasificación preliminar de las referencias a la Filosofía de la Naturaleza en las Grundlinien en base a tres grupos o tipos de referencia: 1) las comparaciones entre la naturaleza y el espíritu; 2) la naturaleza como objeto relevante para la Filosofía del Derecho; y 3) el lenguaje filosófico-natural utilizado para pensar la realidad espiritual.

El artículo está dividido en tres apartados, en función de cada grupo de referencias filosófico-naturales. En cada apartado se desarrollan algunos casos de esas referencias, a modo de ejemplificación. En base a esa ejemplificación, se muestra el valor de hacer una lectura transversal del sistema de Hegel como la que se propone aquí. La conclusión principal es que el grupo más relevante para estudiar la conexión entre la Filosofía de la Naturaleza y la Filosofía del Derecho es el segundo, porque en él la naturaleza no es ni una excusa para hablar del espíritu, ni aparece en la forma de un lenguaje que apunta a una realidad más amplia, no específica de lo natural. La naturaleza como objeto de la Filosofía del Derecho pone al descubierto al mismo tiempo la naturalidad del espíritu y lo político de la naturaleza, la dimensión más natural del espíritu objetivo y la relevancia política de la naturaleza, el hecho de que los logros del espíritu en esta esfera de objetividad se deban en gran medida a lo que él haga o deje de hacer con la naturaleza, tanto en su propia interioridad como en el mundo exterior.
Comparison of the response of two scintillator detectors used in an environmental and occupational radiometric survey during the operation of the Argonauta reactor
Authors: Silva Natasha Briggs e , Soares Joana Batista , Curzio Rodrigo Carneiro , Martins Matheus Santos , Tororó Magda Maia de Azevedo , Azevedo Ary Machado de , Ferreira Victor Araújo Vianna , Oliveira Eara de Souza Luz , Pedro Júnior Antônio , Cardoso Domingos D'Oliveira
Published: July 2023

The Argonauta research reactor at the Institute of Nuclear Engineering - IEN operates, under normal conditions, at powers ranging from 1.7 to 340 W, developing activities of a scientific-technological nature in the areas of neutron radiography, radionuclide production and conduction from experimental practices to graduate courses at CNEN research institutions and other Brazilian institutes of science and technology. During some security operations, the presence of investigators, students and/or operators inside and around the main hall of the Argonauta is required. Therefore, it is important to assess normal occupational exposure conditions when the reactor is in critical condition. This makes it possible to verify in greater detail the equivalent doses of ambient gamma radiation contained by the combustion of the fuel element inside the reactor room and in the surrounding areas, according to the Radiation Protection Plan (RPP) of this installation. In this work, a didactic activity was carried out to familiarize the students of the first period of the Master's Course in Nuclear Engineering, at the Military Institute of Engineering, with the procedures involved in the radiometric survey of the free, controlled and subsequent locations of this nuclear installation. This practice aims to identify the doses to which Occupationally Exposed Workers (OEW) and the general public are admitted, verifying compliance with regulatory requirements regarding the monitoring of environmental and local activities, as well as a comparison between the radiation monitors used.
Model and Simulation of COVID-19 Transmission with Vaccination and Quarantine Interventions in Jember
Authors: Fahreza Faizal Rifky , Hasan Moh. , Kusbudiono Kusbudiono
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this study, we model the transmission of COVID-19 by considering vaccination and quarantine interventions. The focus of our study is to measure the effect of these two interventions on controlling the spread of COVID-19. We demonstrate the use of the Kermack-McKendrik model as an SIR model for the number of people infected with COVID-19 applied in Jember, Indonesia. The model parameters are estimated using the Levenberg-Marquardt approach and the model equations are solved using the Runge-Kutta 4th-order method. Through the simulation study, we can determine the peak of the spread of COVID-19 cases and obtain several parameters related to vaccination and quarantine interventions that significantly affected the transmission rate of COVID-19. It is found that a faster rate of vaccinations will reduce the rate of transmission of COVID-19. Moreover, COVID-19 can be fully controlled if the infected patients carry out proper quarantine procedures.Keywords: COVID-19; Kermack-McKendrik; Levenberg-Marquardt; quarantine; SIR; vaccination. AbstrakDalam penelitian ini, kami memodelkan penularan COVID-19 dengan mempertimbangkan intervensi vaksinasi dan karantina. Fokus dari penelitian kami adalah untuk mengukur pengaruh dari kedua intervensi tersebut dalam mengontrol penyebaran COVID-19. Kami mendemonstrasikan penggunaan model Kermack-McKendrik sebagai model SIR untuk kasus pasien yang terinfeksi COVID-19 di Jember, Indonesia. Parameter model diestimasi menggunakan pendekatan Levenberg-Marquardt dan menyelesaikan model menggunakan metode orde-4 Runge-Kutta. Melalui studi simulasi, kami dapat menentukan waktu puncak penyebaran kasus COVID-19 dan mendapatkan beberapa parameter terkait intervensi vaksinasi dan karantina yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap laju penularan COVID-19. Hasil simulasi menunjukan bahwa laju vaksinansi yang cepat akan mengurangi laju penyebaran COVID-19. Selain itu, COVID-19 dapat dikontrol dengan penuh jika pasien melakukan prosedur karantina yang tepat.Kata Kunci: COVID-19; Kermack-McKendrik; Levenberg-Marquardt; karantina; vaksinasi. 2020MSC: 00A71, 92B05
The Strong 3-Rainbow Index of Graphs Containing Three Cycles
Authors: Awanis Zata Yumni
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe concept of a strong k-rainbow index is a generalization of a strong rainbow connection number, which has an interesting application in security systems in a communication network. Let G be an edge-colored connected graph of order n, where adjacent edges may be colored the same. A rainbow tree in G is a tree whose edges have distinct colors. For an integer k with 2≤k≤n, the strong k-rainbow index srx_k (G) of G is the minimum number of colors needed to color all edges of G so that every k vertices of G are connected by a rainbow tree of minimum size. We focus on k=3. It is clear that srx_3 (G)≤‖G‖, where the upper bound is sharp since the srx_3 of a tree equals its size. Hence, we are interested in studying how the srx_3 of a tree changes if we add some edges connecting two nonadjacent vertices in the tree. This paper is focused on graphs containing three cycles. We first determine a sharp upper bound of the srx_3 of graphs containing exactly three edge-disjoint cycles. We also determine the exact values of srx_3 of theta graph θ(a_1,a_2,a_3) for certain values of a_1, a_2, and a_3.Keywords: cycle; rainbow coloring; rainbow Steiner tree; theta graph; tree. AbstrakKonsep indeks pelangi-k kuat merupakan perumuman dari bilangan terhubung pelangi kuat yang memiliki aplikasi menarik dalam sistem keamanan jaringan komunikasi. Misalkan G adalah suatu graf terhubung berorde n yang memiliki suatu pewarnaan sisi, dimana dua sisi bertetangga boleh memiliki warna yang sama. Pohon pelangi di G adalah pohon yang setiap sisinya memiliki warna berbeda. Untuk suatu bilangan bulat k dengan 2≤k≤n, indeks pelangi-k kuat srx_k (G) graf G adalah banyak warna minimum yang dibutuhkan untuk mewarnai semua sisi di G sehingga setiap k titik di G dihubungkan oleh suatu pohon pelangi berukuran minimum. Kami fokus pada k=3. Jelas bahwa srx_3 (G)≤‖G‖, dimana batas atas ini merupakan batas ketat karena srx_3 pohon sama dengan ukurannya. Karena itu, kami tertarik untuk mempelajari bagaimana srx_3 pohon berubah jika ditambahkan beberapa sisi yang menghubungkan dua titik tidak bertetangga di pohon tersebut. Artikel ini difokuskan pada graf yang memuat tiga siklus. Pertama, kami menentukan batas atas ketat srx_3 graf yang memuat tepat tiga siklus saling lepas sisi. Kami juga menentukan nilai eksak srx_3 graf theta θ(a_1,a_2,a_3 ) untuk beberapa nilai a_1, a_2, dan a_3 tertentu.Kata Kunci: siklus; pewarnaan pelangi; pohon Steiner pelangi; graf theta; pohon. 2020MSC: 05C05, 05C15, 05C38, 05C40.
Diferenciales salariales de género y sus determinantes para el personal académico titular en la Universidad de Costa Rica
Authors: Blanco Laura Cristina
Published: July 2023

Se utilizan bases de datos administrativas de la Universidad de Costa Rica para analizar los diferenciales salariales de género para el personal académico titular de esta institución. Se encuentra que el salario bruto promedio por hora de los hombres es 7,8% mayor que el de las mujeres, dicho indicador es inferior al que se observa en el mercado laboral costarricense para la población con estudios terciarios. Asimismo, este diferencial salarial se explica completamente por diferencias asociadas, principalmente, al proceso de acumulación de capital humano y a la investigación. Las mujeres tienen una menor probabilidad que los hombres de contar con un doctorado y de haberse graduado de las mejores universidades del mundo. Dado que el mecanismo de ascenso en la academia es la investigación, estas características repercuten en que ellas reporten una menor producción académica, a la vez que su trabajo es menos valorado.
Procrastinación académica en estudiantado de medicina del Paraguay en 2022
Authors: Real Delor Raúl Emilio , Acosta Sánchez Rilci Araceli , Arrua Gaona Charles Enrique , Cabrera Dávalos Luis Alberto , Cáceres Huispe Marcelo Agustín , Correa Escobar Laura Josefina , Duarte Rodríguez Mayra Alejandra , Gómez Orlando de Jesús , Ortiz Villalba David Israel , Ramírez Johanna de María , Ruiz Diaz Llanes Jessica Nicoll , Segovia Fernández Daniel , Trinidad Segovia Oscar Danilo , Monges Coiteux Vanina Soldad
Published: July 2023

Los objetivos fueron evaluar el nivel de procrastinación académica del estudiantado de medicina del Paraguay en 2022 y describir sus características sociodemográficas. Se realizó un estudio observacional, de corte transversal. Se aplicó el cuestionario de García-Martínez y Silva (2019) constituido por 22 preguntas basadas en la escala de Likert, el cual fue difundido por las redes sociales de estudiantes de universidades públicas y privadas del Paraguay entre mayo y octubre 2022. El nivel de procrastinación se determinó por las dimensiones postergación de tareas, autorregulación académica e influencia de la tecnología, además, se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas. Las variables fueron sometidas a un análisis factorial exploratorio para indagar las dimensiones subyacentes, constructos o variables latentes observadas. La investigación fue aprobada por el Comité de ética de la Universidad Privada del Este, Paraguay. Se encuestaron 188 estudiantes, con predominio del sexo femenino (64.9%). La edad media fue 24 ± 4 años, un 31.9% reside en Asunción, 81.4% carece de ingresos económicos propios. En conclusión, se detectó procrastinación en 73 estudiantes (38.8%) de medicina. Se recomienda investigar las causas de esta situación.
Implementetion of Stylization Method into System of Professional Art Educational Process
Authors: Parkhomenko Kostyantyn
Published: July 2023

This investigation was conducted at the Lugansk State Academy of Culture and Arts named after Mikhail Matusovsky at the Faculty of Fine and Applied Arts at the Department of Graphic Design and Department of Easel Painting, as well as the Lugansk College of Technology and Design. The research aimed to propose a pedagogical model for the development of artistic and imaginative thinking and, in particular, the active implementation of the stylization of artistic method in the educational process. The researcher employed a stratometric method to sample the working groups. Eight study groups, of 16 people each one, with certain characteristics participated in the experiment. The study revealed the experiments that were used to implement the work methodology, identifying abilities and artistic vision of students it is search-and-transform, ascertaining, forming, and control experiments. Also, the analysis and comparative characteristics of the initial stage and the final stage of the experiment were carried out, the results of which are shown, which prove the effectiveness of the method and pedagogical methodical model. Finally, as a conclusion, the author refers to the need to introduce new methods in the educational process and their application in the disciplines of the artistic cycle. Moreover, it is recommended to analyze an object and to decompose it into simple components, thereby finding its structure formation. The result will be the creation of a work of art that is endowed with inner content.
Mast cell density in domestic swine common hepatic duct
Authors: Stefanov I. , Vodenicharov A. , Atanassova P. , Hrischev P. , Vulkova I. , Stoyanov D. , Tsandev N. , Hristov H. А.
Published: July 2023

Detailed mast cell classification is reported in humans and rats, however such classification is not available in porcine common hepatic duct. It is interesting to find out whether mast cells in common hepatic duct are able to produce ghrelin, which is involved in a series of biological functions including regulation of food intake, body weight, gastrointestinal motility, hormone secretion, glucose release, cardiovascular functions, enzyme release, cell proliferation and reproduction in pigs. Because the determination of the cellular mechanisms responsible for normal and pathological biliary tract motility is difficult in humans, swine appears to be one of the most suitable animal model for physiological and morphological studies related to ghrelin peptide. The lack of information about the distribution of mast cells in the wall of common hepatic duct (Ductus hepaticus communis) in domestic swine motivated us to undertake this study in order to gain a better understanding of ghrelin peptide. The aim of this study was to define the localisation and number of tryptase-, ghrelin- and toluidine blue positive mast cells in the layers of porcine common hepatic duct. In this respect, the immunohistochemical staining for detection of tryptase and ghrelin expression was performed. The toluidine blue staining allowed the visualisation of metachromatic mast cells. The comparative study showed that tryptase positive cells were more numerous than metachromatic cells in all layers of the studied organ but the density of ghrelin positive cells was the highest. Tryptase immunohistochemistry allowed distinguishing ghrelin expressing mast cells from all ghrelin positive cells. The highest number of ghrelin positive cells indicated that not only mast cells but other cells also express ghrelin. The results allowed concluding that studied mast cell types had different density in the three main layers of common hepatic duct. The highest density of mast cells in the muscular layer and the possibility of mast cells to express ghrelin define its role in regulation of common hepatic duct motility and glandular secretion.
Infections with Dicrocoelium dendriticum, Cysticercus pisiformis, Micipsella numidica and seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in European brown hares (Lepus europeus L.) from Bulgaria
Authors: Trifonova A. P. , Panayotova-Pencheva M. S. , Kaneva E. M.
Published: July 2023

During the period 2009–2016, brown hares (Lepus europeus L.) from different regions of Bulgaria were investigated for infections with liver parasites as well as for seroprevalence of protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. Three helminth species were found in the liver: one trematode – Dicrocoelium dendriticum, one cestode – larval form of Taenia pisiformis – Cysticercus pisiformis and one nema­tode – Micipsella numidica. Dicrocoeliasis was found in all parts of the country with infected hares originating mainly from the western regions. The total prevalence of infection with D. dendriticum was 10.59%. The intensity of infection ranged from 1 to 184, 26.67 on the average. The total prevalence of infection with C. pisiformis was 16.8%. The prevalence of infection was highest among hares from the southern parts of the country, and no cysticercosis was registered in the western parts. The extent of infestation with cysticerci was different – from single cysticerci on the omentum or serosa of some organs in the abdominal cavity to innumerable ones that affected also the organs in the thoracic cavity. However, cases in which the animals were slightly affected, predominated. The total prevalence of infection with M. numidica was 5.31%, and the intensity of infection varied between 1 and 6 parasites in one animal. The nematodiasis was established mainly in hares from southern Bulgaria. The total seroprevalence of T. gondii was 6.15% and the protozoan-positive animals originated from three districts: Stara Zagora, Plovdiv, and Burgas. The current studies also showed that the prevalence of D. dendriticum infection among animals increased with age. No correlation was observed between prevalence of infection with C. pisiformis and M. numidica and host age. No correlation was found between the prevalence of the helminth infections and sex of the animals.
Evaluation of pelvic limb angles in dogs with medial patellar luxation: Comparison of radiography and computed tomography
Authors: Garnoeva R. , Paskalev М.
Published: July 2023

The aim of the present study was to compare the results from measurements of anatomical and mechanical angles of the femur and tibia by means of two diagnostic imaging methods – conventional radiography and computed tomography in normal dogs and dogs with medial patellar luxation (MPL). The study was done with 16 dogs (23 joints) from four small breeds (Mini-Pinscher, Chi-hua-hua, Yorkshire Terrier and Pomeranian). The results showed statistically significant differences between both imaging techniques in the values of mechanical lateral proximal femoral angle (mLPFA) and anteversion angle (AA) in joints with grade II MPL and in the anatomical lateral and medial distal femoral angles (aLDFA, aMDFA) and AA in grade III MPL. In healthy dogs, both methods differed considerably with regard to values of mechanical medial proximal and mechanical lateral distal femoral angles (mMPFA, mLDFA), the mechanical cranial proximal tibial angle (mCrPTA) and the quadriceps angle (Q-angle).
First study on the efficacy of abamectin in a combined formulation with praziquantel against Aelurostrongylus abstrusus in cats
Authors: Tonev A. , Iliev P. , Mileva R.
Published: July 2023

The information about abamectin efficacy in cases of feline aelurostrongylosis is scarce. Six naturally infected cats were treated with combination of abamectin and praziquantel every seven days until two consecutive negative faecal test results. Abamectin was administered at a dose rate of 0.1 mg/kg. For the evaluation of the efficacy, the number of larvae per gram (LPG) was assessed 30 and 60 days after the first treatment by the Baermann’s technique. After the first 4 administrations, a rapid decline in LPG was observed and after the 8th administration, all animals were free of A. abstrusus larvae. Although the results affirm that abamectin may be successfully used in cases of aelurostrogylosis in cats, further clinical studies are needed to validate this pilot investigation.
A new approach for determination of urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in cancer patients using reinforced solid/liquid phase microextraction combined with HPLC-DAD
Authors: Al-Hashimi Nabil N. , Shahin Rand O. , El-Sheikh Amjad H. , Jibreel Malak J. , Alsakhen Nada A. , Alqudah Abdelrahim M. , Oqal Muna K. , Abdelghani Jafar I.
Published: July 2023

The concentration level of urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), an oxidative stress biomarker for various diseases especially cancer, has been attracted as a pathway suitable for diagnostic purposes. Determination of urinary 8-OHdG is challenging due to its low level within a complex matrix. In this study, a new approach of solid/liquid phase microextraction technique prior to high-performance liquid chromatography diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) analysis was developed for the determination of trace levels of 8-OHdG in urine samples. The solid/liquid phase microextraction device was constructed by reinforcement of multi-walled carbon nanotubes into the pores of a short segment 2.5 cm of hollow fiber microtube with two ends heat sealed. Based on the optimized procedure, the selected analyte was extracted from an acidic sample solution (10 mL adjusted at pH = 5) into the five extraction devices. After the extraction period (30 min), the 8-OHdG was eluted from the extraction device using methanol (350 µL) under ultrasonication for 5 min. The analytical performance of the method in synthetic urine samples showed good linearity (R2 > 0.999) with the limits of detection of 0.85 ng mL−1, and extraction recovery > 92.36%. The developed microextraction technique exhibited a confident sensitivity, feasible operation, and simplicity in comparison with other published methods and was valid to determinate trace 8-OHdG in urine cancer patients' samples by using a cheap and commonly available HPLC-DAD instrument.
Dinamika Partai Nahdlatul Ulama dalam Konstelasi Politik di Kabupaten Cirebon Tahun 1952-1955
Authors: Rofi'i Ahmad Faiz
Published: July 2023

Nahdlatul Ulama is an Islamic organization founded by traditional ulama in Surabaya in 1926. During its development, NU had implemented organizational development by establishing NU branches throughout Indonesia, one of which was Cirebon succeeding in holding the 6th Congress in 1931. NU's existence in Cirebon livened up the organization exchange in this area because in the previous years religious organizations such as SI and PUI had existed. At its inception, NU only focused on religion and education, but in its development, NU has participated in national political movements. The aim of this research is to describe the history and development of the NU branch of the Cirebon Regency. Methods conducted in this research are historical methods, namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation and historiography. The results of this study reveal that a number of important facts that the presence of the local kiai determines the extent to which NU can develop and even become the main actor in NU's victory in the 1955 elections in Cirebon Regency as the winning party and the only branch in West Java that won the most votes. Kata Kunci: Cirebon, Nahdlatul Ulama, Islamic party
Jaringan Perdagangan Batik di Pesisir Jawa Tengah 1840-1920
Authors: Rojak Moh Firdaus Abdul
Published: July 2023

Batik merupakan karya seni tekstil yang perdagangannya sudah berjalan di Jawa Tengah pada awal abad ke-19. Meskipun batik identik dengan pakaian suku Jawa, akan tetapi para pengusaha batik saat itu banyak yang merupakan etnis Eropa, Arab, dan China serta memiliki motif khas masing-masing. Ramainya perdagangan batik menciptakan persaingan dagang yang kemudian melahirkan motif-motif batik baru yang menjadi ciri khas masing-masing pengusaha. Seperti halnya kasus yang terjadi di Semarang, bahwa Batik Semarangan pertama kali muncul karena maraknya motif Batik Belanda. Merespon hal ini kemudian seorang pengusaha asal Semarang mengembangkan motif batik sendiri yang menjadi ciri khas Batik Semarang. Pada kasus perdagangan batik di Jawa Tengah, sebuah persaingan bisnis dapat melahirkan persaingan idèntitas. Bagaimanakah persaingan idèntitas dalam Perdagangan batik antara etnis Cina, Belanda, Arab, serta Jawa di Jawa Tengah? Penelitian ini ditulis menggunakan metode sejarah dengan pendekatan ekonomi. Metode ini digunakan untuk membahas dinamika dan interaksi perdagangan batik yang terjadi di Jawa Tengah khususnya wilayah pesisir. Penelitian ini mengungkap bagaimana dinamika perdagangan yang terjadi di antara para pengusaha yang mewakili etnisnya masing-masing. Persaingan dagang memaksa para pengusaha batik untuk lebih kreatif menciptakan motif baru sesuai idèntitas kesukuannya. Wujud dari persaingan dagang tersebut dapat diperhatikan dalam beberapa motif-motif batik tradisional yang bercorak Arab, Cina, maupun Belanda.
The Historical Works of al-Thabari, Ibn al-Atsir, and al-Kala’i in Comparative Analysis
Authors: Rofiq Ahmad Choirul
Published: July 2023

Al-Thabari, Ibn al-Atsir, and al-Kala’i were undoubtedly scholarly historians of Islamic history. This paper uses the historical method to analyze the works of al-Thabari, Ibn al-Atsir, and al-Kala’i relating to Hurub al-Riddah and the problem of applying the death penalty to apostates. It is concluded that they didn’t provide adequate historical explanations and the causal factors of Hurub al-Riddah, although the political factors primarily drove Hurub al-Riddah. The differences of their works were only in 'small' things, such as differences in the mention of the names of the perpetrators of events and differences in sentences. It is not easy to determine which work is more comprehensive. It may be more appropriate to combine many historical sources to comprehend the history of Hurub al-Riddah. The readers of their works are encouraged to analyze their descriptions critically and seek historical explanations through other references written by critical historians.  The meaning of riddah at that time did not refer solely to everyone who renounced the Islam religion but also to those who rebelled against the Islamic government. Therefore, the essence of riddah wars was not in conflict with freedom of faith in Islam.
First record of \(\textit{Opisthotropis durandi}\) Teynié, Lottier, David, Nguyen & Vogel, 2014 (Squamata: Natricidae) from Vietnam
Authors: Van Nghia Ha , Ziegler Thoma , Quang Truong Nguyen , Duc Minh Le , Quang Vinh Luu
Published: July 2023

We provide the first country record of Opisthotropis durandi Teynié, Lottier, David, Nguyen & Vogel, 2014 from Vietnam based on a single snake specimen from Dien Bien province. The species previously was only known from the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Laos). DNA sequence data of a male specimen from Vietnam match those of one a specimen of O. durandi from Phongsali province, Laos, and the newly collected individual from Vietnam also corresponds O. durandi in terms of diagnostic morphological features, except for a slightly higher ventral number (185 versus 177−181).