bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mediation of spontaneous knee osteoarthritis by progressive chondrocyte ATP depletion in Hartley guinea pigs
Authors: Johnson Kristen , Svensson Camilla I. , Etten Deborah Van , Ghosh Soumitra S. , Murphy Anne N. , Powell Henry C. , Terkeltaub Robert
Published: April 2004

Objective

Because articular chondrocytes reside in a hypoxic milieu, anaerobic glycolysis is central in generating ATP to support chondrocyte matrix synthesis and viability, with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation possibly providing physiologic reserve ATP generation. Nitric oxide (NO) potently suppresses mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Because enhanced cartilage NO generation occurs in osteoarthritis (OA), we systematically tested for mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of OA.

Methods

We assessed chondrocytes for ATP depletion and for in situ changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure prior to and during the evolution of spontaneous knee OA in male Hartley guinea pigs, a model in which chondrocalcinosis also supervenes.

Results

Spontaneous NO release from knee cartilage samples in organ culture doubled between ages 2 months and 8 months as knee OA developed. Concomitantly, chondrocyte intracellular ATP levels declined by ∼50%, despite a lack of mitochondrial ultrastructure abnormalities in knee chondrocytes. As ATP depletion progressed with aging in knee chondrocytes, an increased ratio of lactate to pyruvate was observed, consistent with an adaptive augmentation of glycolysis to mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, we observed progressive elevation of chondrocyte ATP‐scavenging nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (NPP) activity and extracellular levels of the NPP enzymatic end product inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), which stimulate chondrocalcinosis.

Conclusion

Profound chondrocyte ATP depletion develops in association with heightened NO generation in guinea pig knee OA. Increased NPP activity and concordant increases in extracellular PPi, which are strongly associated with human aging‐associated degenerative arthropathy and directly stimulate chondrocalcinosis, may be primarily driven by chondrocyte ATP depletion. Our findings implicate a decreased mitochondrial bioenergetic reserve as a pathogenic factor in both degenerative arthropathy and chondrocalcinosis in aging.
Association of the major histocompatibility complex with response to infliximab therapy in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Martinez Alfonso , Salido Marina , Bonilla Gema , Pascual‐Salcedo Dora , Fernandez‐Arquero Miguel , de Miguel Sonia , Balsa Alejandro , de la Concha Emilio G. , Fernandez‐Gutierrez Benjamin
Published: April 2004

Objective

To determine whether major histocompatibility complex (MHC) polymorphisms are associated with a good or poor response to infliximab therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

Seventy‐eight infliximab‐treated patients with RA were genotyped for HLA–DRB1, HLA–DQA1, HLA–DQB1, MHC class I chain–related gene A (MICA) transmembrane polymorphism alleles, and tumor necrosis factor a (TNFa), TNFb, TNFc, TNFd, TNFe, D6S273, HLA–B–associated transcript 2 (BAT2), and D6S2223 microsatellites. Chi‐square tests were performed to compare allele proportions between responder and nonresponder patients. A control sample of 342 healthy individuals was also included to detect linkage disequilibrium between pairs of markers.

Results

Among responders, the frequency of the TNFa11;b4 minihaplotype was increased (41% versus 16% in nonresponders; P = 0.01) and that of the D6S273_3 allele was decreased (32% versus 56% in nonresponders; P = 0.04). The D6S273_4/BAT2_2 pair was much more frequently observed among responders (46% versus 11% in nonresponders; P = 0.001). When compared with controls, this pair of alleles was found to be associated only with the group of responder patients (46% in responders versus 17% in controls; P = 0.00002). Most of the time, these markers are present in a DRB1*0404/D6S273_4/BAT2_2/TNFa11;b4 context. No statistically significant differences were observed for MICA and D6S2223 polymorphisms and for shared epitope status.

Conclusion

The data suggest that genetic determinants of response to infliximab therapy exist in the HLA complex.
A modified model of graft‐versus‐host–induced systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) exhibits all major aspects of the human disease
Authors: Ruzek Melanie C. , Jha Sharda , Ledbetter Steve , Richards Susan M. , Garman Richard D.
Published: April 2004

Objective

Diffuse systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma) is a debilitating disease characterized by excessive dermal fibrosis with later progression to internal organs. In addition to the fibrotic component, major aspects of the disease include vascular or circulatory involvement and immune dysregulation evidenced by inflammatory cells in affected tissues and production of autoantibodies. Many animal models resembling this disease have been studied, including genetic models in mice and chickens, challenge with chemicals such as bleomycin or vinyl chloride to induce fibrosis, and models of graft‐versus‐host (GVH)–induced disease using certain strains of mice with differences in minor histocompatibility loci. The present studies were undertaken to determine if alteration of the induction of GVH‐induced scleroderma could result in a model that more fully represented the human condition.

Methods

Disease was induced by injection of spleen cells from B10.D2 mice into BALB/c mice deficient in mature T and B cells (recombination‐activating gene 2 targeted). Dermal thickening, collagen deposition, vasoconstriction, and parameters of immunity were analyzed.

Results

Similar to the human disease, this modified GVH model of SSc demonstrated evidence of dermal thickening, particularly in the extremities, progressive fibrosis of internal organs, vasoconstriction and altered expression of vascularity markers in skin and internal organs, early immune activation, inflammation in skin and internal organs, and autoantibody generation.

Conclusion

This modified model of GVH‐induced SSc exhibits all major components of human disease and is likely to contribute to better understanding of the disease mechanisms and, ultimately, improved treatments for patients.
A functional haplotype of the PADI4 gene associated with rheumatoid arthritis in a Japanese population is not associated in a United Kingdom population
Authors: Barton Anne , Bowes John , Eyre Stephen , Spreckley Kristian , Hinks Anne , John Sally , Worthington Jane
Published: April 2004

Objective

In the era of postgenomic research, linkage‐ and association‐based strategies are beginning to reveal novel complex disease genes. Using such an approach, a functional haplotype of the peptidylarginine deiminase 4 gene (PADI4) has recently been identified as a gene conferring susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a Japanese population. In the present study, we investigated the association of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PADI4 gene with RA in a UK population.

Methods

Association with 4 exonic SNPs (padi4_89*G/A, padi4_90*T/C, padi4_92*G/C, and padi4_104*T/C), mapping to the PADI4 gene and defining a haplotype previously reported to be associated with RA, was investigated. Genotyping was performed using 5′ allelic discrimination assays. Estimated haplotypes were generated using the expectation‐maximization algorithm, and frequencies of the SNPs and haplotypes were compared between unrelated Caucasian RA patients from the UK (n = 839) and population controls (n = 481).

Results

Allele frequencies for the 4 SNPs in the UK population were similar to those reported in the Japanese control population, but none of these was associated with RA. As in the Japanese population, the SNPs in the UK population defined 2 major haplotypes, but neither was associated with RA (P = 0.79).

Conclusion

A PADI4 susceptibility haplotype associated with RA in a Japanese population is not associated with RA in a UK population. Other genes involved in the citrullinating pathway remain strong candidate RA‐susceptibility genes and require further investigation.
Mortality and causes of death in primary Sjögren's syndrome: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Theander Elke , Manthorpe Rolf , Jacobsson Lennart T. H.
Published: April 2004

Objective

This study was undertaken to analyze standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and causes and predictors of death in primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) diagnosed according to 3 different classification criteria sets (the Copenhagen criteria, the European criteria, and the American‐European consensus criteria (AECC).

Methods

A linked registry study using information from the Malmö Primary SS Registry combined with the Swedish Cause‐of‐Death Registry was performed, and SMRs were calculated. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves and log rank tests were used to compare survival probability between subgroups of patients with primary SS. Cox regression analysis was used to study the predictive value of various laboratory findings at the time of diagnosis.

Results

Four hundred eighty‐four patients with a median followup of 7 years (range 1 month to 17 years 11 months) were included. The SMR for those fulfilling the AECC (n = 265) was 1.17 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.81–1.63). Thirty‐four deaths occurred in this group of patients. Excess mortality was found only for lymphoproliferative malignancy (cause‐specific SMR 7.89 [95% CI 2.89–17.18]), corresponding to 2.53 excess deaths per 1,000 person‐years at risk. In those not fulfilling the AECC (n = 219), 14 deaths occurred, the SMR was 0.71 (95% CI 0.39–1.20), and no excess mortality due to any specific cause was found. Hypocomplementemia, defined as C3 and/or C4 values in the lowest quartile of the SS patients' values at the time of diagnosis, was a significant predictor of death, mainly due to lymphoproliferative malignancy.

Conclusion

No increased all‐cause mortality could be detected for patients with primary SS compared with the general population. When subgroups of primary SS were compared, excess mortality due to lymphoproliferative malignancy was found in patients fulfilling the AECC, the strongest predictor for unfavorable outcome being low C3 and/or C4 levels at the time of diagnosis.
Systemic lupus erythematosus in three ethnic groups. XVIII. Factors predictive of poor compliance with study visits
Authors: Uribe América G. , Alarcón Graciela S. , Sanchez Martha L. , McGwin Gerald , Sandoval Robert , Fessler Barri J. , Bastian Holly M. , Friedman Alan W. , Baethge Bruce A. , Reveille John D. ,   For the Lumina Study Group
Published: April 2004

Objective

To determine the baseline factors predictive of poor compliance with study visits in a longitudinal multiethnic lupus cohort study.

Methods

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 344) representing a total of 2,069 potential study visits were studied. Of the participants, 24.4% were Hispanic, 43.3% African American, and 32.3% Caucasian. Noncompliance was defined as missing 2 or more study visits. For the purpose of these analyses, visits completed only by review of medical records were considered missing. Baseline socioeconomic–demographic, clinical, and psychosocial features between compliant and noncompliant patients were compared. Variables with P < 0.10 were then entered into a multivariable logistic regression analysis with compliance being the dependent variable.

Results

There were 178 compliant and 166 noncompliant patients. Noncompliant patients were more likely to be young, unmarried, of African American ethnicity, live closer to the medical centers, and have longer disease duration and greater disease activity as assessed by the physician than the compliant patients. In the multivariable model, longer disease duration (P = 0.010), higher level of disease activity (P = 0.009), and shorter distance to travel to study visits (P = 0.046) were predictors of noncompliance; their odds ratios and confidence intervals were below 1.

Conclusions

We have identified baseline patient characteristics that may predict noncompliance with study visits (disease duration, disease activity, and distance to the medical center). This information will serve as the basis for developing interventions to curtail noncompliance. Our data may have applicability in other lupus cohort studies.
Giant cell arteritis without clinically evident vascular involvement in a defined population
Authors: Gonzalez‐Gay Miguel A. , Garcia‐Porrua Carlos , Amor‐Dorado Juan C. , Llorca Javier
Published: April 2004

Objectives

To examine the frequency and clinical presentation of biopsy‐proven giant cell arteritis (GCA) patients who do not exhibit overt clinical vascular manifestations. To assess whether differences exist between this group of patients and the rest of biopsy‐proven GCA patients.

Methods

Retrospective study of biopsy‐proven GCA patients diagnosed from 1981 through 2001 at the single hospital for a well‐defined population of almost 250,000 people. Patients were considered as having no evident vascular involvement if cranial ischemic manifestations or other vascular complications of GCA were not present at the time of diagnosis or during at least 12 months' followup.

Results

Between 1981 and 2001, 210 patients from the Lugo region of northwest Spain were diagnosed with biopsy‐proven GCA. Eleven patients did not show overt vascular manifestations of GCA. Nine of them presented with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and another 2 fulfilled criteria for fever of unknown origin. Patients without clinically evident vascular involvement had a significantly longer delay to diagnosis than those with vascular manifestations. Also, PMR manifestations were more frequently observed in this group of patients.

Conclusions

Biopsy‐proven GCA without clinically evident vascular involvement is not exceptional. Despite having a longer delay to diagnosis, these patients constitute a more benign subgroup of GCA.
Predictors of pain in children with established juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Malleson Peter N. , Oen Kiem , Cabral David A. , Petty Ross E. , Rosenberg Alan M. , Cheang Mary
Published: April 2004

Objective

To examine demographic and disease‐related variables that affect pain in a large cohort of patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA).

Methods

Selection criteria were an onset of JRA ≥5 years prior to study and age ≥8 years at the time of the study. Pain was measured by a self‐administered 10‐cm visual analog scale. Possible explanatory variables studied included age at study, sex, race, onset subtype, active disease duration, active joint count, and physician's global assessment (PGA).

Results

In a multiple regression model, active disease duration, PGA, and age at study were independent predictors explaining 22% of the variation in pain scores. Stratified analyses showed an effect of age in the 8–15‐year group, but not in older patients.

Conclusion

Disease‐related factors explain only a small proportion of the variation in pain scores. Age has an effect on pain scores only in younger patients. The role of other factors, including psychosocial factors, needs further study.
Informed choice and the widespread use of antiinflammatory drugs
Authors: Fraenkel Liana , Wittink Dick R. , Concato John , Fried Terri
Published: April 2004

Objective

To examine whether the current widespread use of antiinflammatory drugs may reflect a lack of informed choice (i.e., unawareness of adverse effects or potential treatment alternatives) among older patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

Consecutive patients with symptomatic knee OA (n = 100) completed a questionnaire to assess their awareness of drug toxicity. Patients also completed an Adaptive Conjoint Analysis task so that the influence of providing an additional treatment alternative on patient preferences for nonselective nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibitors could be assessed.

Results

Fifty‐four percent of the patients surveyed were unaware of any adverse effects related to NSAIDs and 80% were unaware of any toxicity related to COX‐2 inhibitors. When given a choice between NSAIDs and COX‐2 inhibitors, 57% of patients preferred COX‐2 inhibitors over NSAIDs. When presented with a third less effective, but safer alternative, 100% of patients switched preferences to the safer, albeit less effective, option.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the widespread use of NSAIDs may reflect lack of informed choice among older patients with OA.
The clinical effect of glucocorticoids in patients with rheumatoid arthritis may be masked by decreased use of additional therapies
Authors: Van Everdingen Amalia A. , Siewertsz Van Reesema Dirk R. , Jacobs Johannes W. G. , Bijlsma Johannes W. J.
Published: April 2004

Objective

Our previous analysis of patients with early active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with prednisone or placebo revealed the following discrepancy: although a significant retardation of joint damage was observed in the prednisone group compared with the placebo group, no differences in clinical variables between the 2 groups were observed, due to greater use of additional therapy in the placebo group. We sought to investigate whether this descrepancy would extend to variables of well‐being.

Methods

We conducted a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial of prednisone (10 mg) in patients with RA; the duration of the study was 2 years. Following the placebo‐controlled trial, a 1‐year open‐label followup study was conducted in 81 patients with early (≤1 year) active, previously untreated RA. Forty‐one patients were allocated to receive oral prednisone, 10 mg/day, and 40 patients were assigned to the placebo group. Analgesics, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), local injections of a glucocorticoid (only when absolutely necessary), and use of physiotherapy were allowed in both groups. After 6 months, sulfasalazine (2 gm/day) could be prescribed as rescue therapy in both groups. At the beginning of the study and every 6 months thereafter, 2 questionnaires (the VDF [Dutch version of the Health Assessment Questionnaire] and the IRGL [Dutch version of the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales]) were administered. A visual analog scale (VAS) for morning pain was administered every 3 months. Disease activity and radiologic scores were assessed.

Results

VDF scores in the 2 groups were not statistically significantly different. No statistically significant differences between groups were observed in almost all parameters of the IRGL. In the prednisone group (and only at 6 months), the VAS scores for morning pain and general well‐being showed improvement comparable with the transient improvement in some of the disease activity variables. In the prednisone group, use of NSAIDs, analgesics, local injections of glucocorticoids, and physiotherapy sessions was ∼50% that in the placebo group.

Conclusion

Although significant retardation of joint damage in the prednisone group indicates better disease control, no differences between the groups for variables of well‐being were found. This discrepancy may be attributed to greater use of additional therapy in the placebo group. In future clinical trials, the use of additional therapies should be taken into account when analyzing the differences in effect between drugs.
Fast and learnable behavioral and cognitive modeling for virtual character animation
Authors: Dinerstein Jonathan , Egbert Parris K , Garis Hugo de , Dinerstein Nelson
Published: April 2004

Behavioral and cognitive modeling for virtual characters is a promising field. It significantly reduces the workload on the animator, allowing characters to act autonomously in a believable fashion. It also makes interactivity between humans and virtual characters more practical than ever before. In this paper we present a novel technique where an artificial neural network is used to approximate a cognitive model. This allows us to execute the model much more quickly, making cognitively empowered characters more practical for interactive applications. Through this approach, we can animate several thousand intelligent characters in real time on a PC. We also present a novel technique for how a virtual character, instead of using an explicit model supplied by the user, can automatically learn an unknown behavioral/cognitive model by itself through reinforcement learning. The ability to learn without an explicit model appears promising for helping behavioral and cognitive modeling become more broadly accepted and used in the computer graphics community, as it can further reduce the workload on the animator. Further, it provides solutions for problems that cannot easily be modeled explicitly. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On Copper‐tetrahydrogen‐decaoxo‐diperiodate‐hexahydrate CuH4I2O10×6H2O: Crystal Structure, Vibrational Spectroscopy and Thermal Analysis.
Authors: Botova M. , Nagel R. , Haeuseler H.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cations Ordering in the New Layered Perovskite BaSrTa2O7.
Authors: Le Berre Francoise , Crosnier‐Lopez Marie‐Pierre , Fourquet Jean‐Louis
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Crystal Growth and Structure Determination of Barium Rhodates: Stepping Stones Toward 2H—BaRhO3.
Authors: Stitzer Katharine E. , El Abed Ahmed , Darriet Jacques , zur Loye Hans‐Conrad
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Structural and Electrical Behavior of the Pyrochlores: Sm2‐xMxTi2O7‐x/2 (M: Mg, Co, Ni).
Authors: Daidouh A. , Pico C. , Veiga M. L. , Almontassir A. , Abboudi M. , Hanebali L.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Efficient Formation of Visible Light Tunable TiO2‐xNx Photocatalysts and Their Transformation at the Nanoscale.
Authors: Gole James L. , Stout John D. , Burda Clemens , Lou Yongbing , Chen Xiaobo
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chiral Germanium Zeotype with Interconnected 8‐, 11‐, and 11‐Ring Channels. Catalytic Properties.
Authors: Medina M. E. , Iglesias M. , Snejko N. , Gutierrez‐Puebla E. , Monge M. A.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
[N2C6H14]2 [(UO2)6(H2O)2F2 (PO4)2(HPO4)4] ×4H2O: A New Microporous Uranium Phosphate Fluoride.
Authors: Doran Michael B. , Stuart Clair L. , Norquist Alexander J. , O'Hare Dermot
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Compounds in the Cesium Sulfobromide Rhenium Octahedral Cluster Chemistry: Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Cs4Re6S8Br6 and Cs2Re6S8Br4.
Authors: Pilet Guillaume , Perrin Andre
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Examples of Ring‐Chain Tautomeric Conversions.
Authors: Zlokazov Mikhail V. , Lozanova Antonina V. , Veselovsky Vladimir V.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Transfer Hydrogenation of Activated Ketones Using Novel Chiral Ru(II)‐N‐Arenesulfonyl‐1,2‐diphenylethylenediamine Complexes.
Authors: Sterk Damjan , Stephan Massoud S. , Mohar Barbara
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Catalytic Enantioselective Iodocyclization of γ‐Hydroxy‐cis‐alkenes.
Authors: Kang Sung Ho , Lee Sung Bae , Park Chul Min
Published: April 2004

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Highly Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes Catalyzed by Isoindolinyl Alcohol as a Chiral Ligand.
Authors: Park Doo Han , Choi Ho Jin , Lee Sang‐gi
Published: April 2004

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An Easy and Convenient Synthesis of Optically Active β‐Amino Alcohols and 1,2‐Diamines. Applications in Enantioselective Deprotonation of Cyclohexene Oxide.
Authors: Shin Sung Hye , Kang Sang Kyu , Cho Byung Tae
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation of Chiral Organochalcogeno‐α‐methylbenzyl Alcohols via Biocatalysis. The Role of Daucus carota Root.
Authors: Comasseto Joao V. , Omori Alvaro T. , Porto Andre L. M. , Andrade Leandro H.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
[4 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions of Neutral 2‐Azadienes with Electron‐Deficient Dienophiles.
Authors: Palacios Francisco , Alonso Concepcion , Rubiales Gloria , Tobillas Cristina , Ezpeleta Jose Maria
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regioselective Synthesis of Bis(silyl enol ethers) and Bis(conjugated Enones) Through Electron Transfer from Mg Metal.
Authors: Maekawa Hirofumi , Sakai Manabu , Uchida Tetsuro , Kita Yoshio , Nishiguchi Ikuzo
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Carbon—Carbon Bond Cleavage by Cytochrome P450BioI (CYP107H1).
Authors: Cryle Max J. , De Voss James J.
Published: April 2004

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Studies for Intramolecular Ring Closure of Amino Vinyl Epoxides. Stereoselective Synthesis of Piperidine and Pyrrolidine Systems.
Authors: Ha Jae Du , Shin Eun Young , Chung Yongseog , Choi Joong‐Kwon
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Polymer‐Supported Distannanes: A New and Efficient Synthesis of Highly Effective Reagents for Iodine Atom Transfer Cyclizations.
Authors: Hernan Alejandro G. , Kilburn Jeremy D.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Addition of Organoboronic Acids to Conjugated Alkynecarboxylates.
Authors: Oh Chang Ho , Ryu Jin Hyang
Published: April 2004

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Negishi‐Type Coupling of Bromoarenes with Dimethylzinc.
Authors: Herbert John M.
Published: April 2004

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Biphasic Hydroformylation of 1‐Hexene with Carbon Dioxide Catalyzed by Ruthenium Complex in Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Tominaga Ken‐ichi , Sasaki Yoshiyuki
Published: April 2004

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Regioselective Substitution in α‐Bromo‐β‐butoxyvinyl Trifluoromethyl Ketone by N‐Nucleophiles.
Authors: Rulev A. Yu. , Fedorov S. V. , Nenajdenko V. G. , Balenkova E. S. , Voronkov M. G.
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis and Preliminary Use of Novel Acrylic Ester‐Derived Task‐Specific Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Anjaiah Siddam , Chandrasekhar Srivari , Gree Rene
Published: April 2004

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Novel Synthesis of Conjugated Dienes Attached to a Quaternary Carbon Center via Pd(0)‐Catalyzed Deconjugative Allylation of Alkenylidenemalonates.
Authors: Sato Yoshihiro , Oonishi Yoshihiro , Mori Miwako
Published: April 2004

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Organic Reactions in Ionic Liquids: Ionic Liquid‐Accelerated Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction of α‐Tosyloxyketones with Potassium Salts of Aromatic Acids.
Authors: Liu Zhi , Chen Zhen‐Chu , Zheng Qin‐Guo
Published: April 2004

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Polymer‐Assisted Solution‐Phase (PASP) Suzuki Couplings Employing an Anthracene‐Tagged Palladium Catalyst.
Authors: Lan Ping , Berta Daniela , Porco John A. Jr. , South Michael S. , Parlow John J.
Published: April 2004

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Magnesium‐Induced Pinacol Coupling of Aromatic Aldehydes and Ketones in Water under Ultrasound.
Authors: Li Ji‐Tai , Bian Yan‐Jiang , Liu Shu‐Ming , Li Tong‐Shuang
Published: April 2004

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Triaryl Methane Derivatives as Antiproliferative Agents.
Authors: Al‐Qawasmeh Raed A. , Lee Yoon , Cao Ming‐Yu , Gu Xiaoping , Vassilakos Aikaterini , Wright Jim A. , Young Aiping
Published: April 2004

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Kinetic Resolution of Epoxides by a C—C Bond‐Forming Reaction: Highly Enantioselective Addition of Indoles to cis, trans, and meso Aromatic Epoxides Catalyzed by [Cr(salen)] Complexes.
Authors: Bandini Marco , Cozzi Pier Giorgio , Melchiorre Paolo , Umani‐Ronchi Achille
Published: April 2004

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Simple and Highly Efficient Synthesis of Oxaziridines by Tetrabutylammonium Oxone®.
Authors: Mohajer Daryoush , Iranpoor Nasser , Rezaeifard Abdolreza
Published: April 2004

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A Convenient Synthesis of 2‐Aroyl‐3,5‐diarylfuran under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Wang Jin‐Xian , Shi Xiao‐Ning , Zhao Lian‐Biao
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl Derivatives of Furan.
Authors: Glukhovtsev V. G. , Nedelkin V. I. , Zolotarev B. M. , Zakharova S. V.
Published: April 2004

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Control of Product Distribution in the Domino Metathesis Reactions of N‐Alkynyl 2‐Azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐5‐en‐3‐ones. A Convenient Synthesis of Functionalized γ‐Lactams and Indolizidinones.
Authors: Arjona Odon , Csaky Aurelio G. , Leon Vanessa , Medel Rocio , Plumet Joaquin
Published: April 2004

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Intramolecular Hydroamination/Cyclization of Conjugated Aminodienes Catalyzed by Organolanthanoid Complexes. Scope, Diastereo‐ and Enantioselectivity, and Reaction Mechanism.
Authors: Hong Sukwon , Kawaoka Amber M. , Marks Tobin J.
Published: April 2004

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An Efficient Synthesis of N3,4‐Diphenyl‐5‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐2‐isopropyl‐1H‐3‐pyrrolecarboxamide, a Key Intermediate for Atorvastin Synthesis.
Authors: Pandey Pramod S. , Rao T. Srinivasa
Published: April 2004

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Preparation of Tripyrrane Analogues from Resorcinol and 2‐Methylresorcinol for Applications in the Synthesis of New Benziporphyrin System.
Authors: Miyake Kae , Lash Timothy D.
Published: April 2004

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A General Synthesis of N‐Hydroxyindoles.
Authors: Wong Audrey , Kuethe Jeffrey T. , Davies Ian W.
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis of Furoindoles and Benzodifurans by the Nenitzescu Reaction.
Authors: Lyubchanskaya V. M. , Alekseeva L. M. , Savina S. A. , Shashkov A. S. , Granik V. G.
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis and Evaluation of Indenopyrazoles as Cyclin‐Dependent Kinase Inhibitors. Part 4. Heterocycles at C3.
Authors: Yue Eddy W. , et al. et al.
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis of Indolo[1,2‐b]indazole Derivatives.
Authors: Zhu Yong‐ming , Kaneko Kimiyoshi , Kato Osamu , Kiryu Yoshimitsu , Takatsu Noriyuki , Shiono Kazuhiko , Katayama Hajime
Published: April 2004

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Reaction of Salicylic Alcohol with Some Azoles.
Authors: Osyanin V. A. , Purygin P. P. , Belousova Z. P.
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of Some Imidazole Substituted Indoles.
Authors: Benkli Kadriye , Demirayak Seref , Gundogdu‐Karaburun Nalan , Kiraz Nuri , Iscan Gokalp , Ucucu Umit
Published: April 2004

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A New Family of 2(3H)‐Thiazolone Azines as Precursors to Air‐Stable Radical Cations.
Authors: Hammami Amer , Cavalie‐Kosheiry Hicham , Armand Michel
Published: April 2004

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Phenolic Thiazoles as Novel Orally‐Active Neuroprotective Agents.
Authors: Harnett Jeremiah J. , Roubert Veronique , Dolo Christine , Charnet Christelle , Spinnewyn Brigitte , Cornet Sylvie , Rolland Alain , Marin Jean‐Gregoire , Bigg Dennis , Chabrier Pierre‐E.
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis, Characterization and Antiinflammatory‐Analgesic Properties of 6‐(α‐Amino‐4‐chlorobenzyl)thiazolo[3,2‐b]‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐ols.
Authors: Tozkoparan Birsen , Goekhan Nesrin , Kuepeli Esra , Yesilada Erdem , Ertan Mevluet
Published: April 2004

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An Efficient Chemical Fixation of Nitric Oxide: Convenient and Practical Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Oxadiazole 3‐Oxides.
Authors: Sugihara Takumichi , Kuwahara Kimiko , Wakabayashi Akihito , Takao Hiroko , Imagawa Hiroshi , Nishizawa Mugio
Published: April 2004

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Stereochemistry of Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions Depending upon Substituent: Evidence for Electrostatic Stabilization of Pseudoaxial Conformers of Oxocarbenium Ions by Heteroatom Substituents.
Authors: Ayala Leticia , Lucero Claudia G. , Romero Jan Antoinette C. , Tabacco Sarah A. , Woerpel K. A.
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties of Cross‐Conjugated Ketones and meso‐Substituted Tridecamethine Salts Containing the Pyran or Pyridone Fragment.
Authors: Krasnaya Zh. A. , Smirnova Yu. V. , Shvedova L. A. , Tatikolov A. S. , Kuz'min V. A.
Published: April 2004

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The Design and Synthesis of Novel Inhibitors of NADH:Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase.
Authors: Lindell Stephen D. , Ort Oswald , Luemmen Peter , Klein Robert
Published: April 2004

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A Short, Atom‐Economical Entry to Tetrahydroxanthenones.
Authors: Lesch Bernhard , Braese Stefan
Published: April 2004

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Condensation of 3‐Methyl‐1‐phenylpyrazole‐5‐thione with Acetoacetic Ester.
Authors: Nam N. L. , Grandberg I. I.
Published: April 2004

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Facile Synthesis of Nicotinic Acid Derivatives with Unsymmetrical Substitution Patterns.
Authors: Zhao Wei‐Guang , Liu Zheng‐Xiao , Li Zheng‐Ming , Wang Bao‐Lei
Published: April 2004

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Tetrahydronaphthalene‐Derived Amino Alcohols and Amino Ketones as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of the Delayed Rectifier Potassium Current IKs.
Authors: Ahmad Saleem , et al. et al.
Published: April 2004

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An Improved Access to 4‐Trifluoromethyl‐2(1H)‐quinolinones: The “Watering Protocol”.
Authors: Marull Marc , Lefebvre Olivier , Schlosser Manfred
Published: April 2004

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Tetrahydroisoquinoline Based Sulfonamide Hydroxamates as Potent Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors.
Authors: Ma Dawei , Wu Wengen , Yang Guoxin , Li Jingya , Li Jia , Ye Qizhuang
Published: April 2004

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The Design and Synthesis of a Novel Quinolizidine Template for Potent Opioid and Opioid Receptor‐Like (ORL1, NOP) Receptor Ligands.
Authors: Jong Ling , Zaveri Nurulain , Toll Lawrence
Published: April 2004

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Cerium‐Catalyzed Reaction of β‐Dicarbonyl Compounds with Styrene and Atmospheric Oxygen.
Authors: Christoffers Jens , Werner Thomas , Frey Wolfgang , Baro Angelika
Published: April 2004

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Pyridazines. Part 36. Synthesis and Antiplatelet Activity of 5‐Substituted‐6‐phenyl‐3(2H)‐pyridazinones.
Authors: Coelho Alberto , Sotelo Eddy , Fraiz Nuria , Yanez Matilde , Laguna Reyes , Cano Ernesto , Ravina Enrique
Published: April 2004

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A Facile Synthesis of New 3‐Substituted‐2,3‐dihydropyrido[3,2‐d]pyrimidine‐2,4‐diones.
Authors: Mamouni R. , Akssira M. , Aadil M. , Elhakmaoui A. , Lasri J. , Zaballos‐Garcia E.
Published: April 2004

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Novel O‐Glycosyl Amino Acid Mimetics as Building Blocks for O‐Glycopeptides Act as Inhibitors of Galactosidases.
Authors: Kroeger Lars , Henkensmeier Dirk , Schaefer Andreas , Thiem Joachim
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis of 9‐Benzyl‐6‐aminopurines from 5‐Amino‐1‐benzyl‐4‐cyanoimidazoles.
Authors: Yahyazadeh Asieh , Pourrostam Babak , Rabiee Mahdi
Published: April 2004

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Spiropyrans and Spirooxazines. Part 2. Synthesis, Structures, and Photochromic Properties of 6′‐Cyano‐Substituted Spironaphthooxazines.
Authors: Voloshin N. A. , Metelitsa A. V. , Micheau J. C. , Voloshina E. N. , Besugliy S. O. , Shelepin N. E. , Minkin V. I. , Tkachev V. V. , Safoklov B. B. , Aldoshin S. M.
Published: April 2004

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Nucleophilic Ring Enlargement of 2‐Substituted‐3‐isothiazolones to 1,3‐Thiazin‐4‐ones.
Authors: Hamilakis Stylianos , Tsolomitis Athanase
Published: April 2004

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Nitration of the 6‐Methyl‐1,3,5‐triazine Derivatives, 6‐Methyl‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4(1H,3H)‐dione and 2,4‐Dimethoxy‐6‐methyl‐1,3,5‐triazine.
Authors: Bellamy Anthony J. , Latypov Nikolaj V. , Goede Patrick
Published: April 2004

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Orally Active Amino Functionalized Antimalarial 1,2,4‐Trioxanes.
Authors: Singh Chandan , Malik Heetika , Puri Sunil K.
Published: April 2004

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A New Synthesis of Flumazenil Suitable for Fluorine‐18 Labeling.
Authors: Broggini Gianluigi , Orlandi Marco , Turconi Alberto , Zoni Caterina
Published: April 2004

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Novel Thallium(I)‐Selective Membrane Electrode Based on a Podal Ligand.
Authors: Ganjali Mohammad Reza , Pourjavid Mohammad Reza , Mouradzadegun Arash , Hosseini Morteza , Mizani Farhang
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis of Benzo[b]imidazo[1,5‐d][1,5]thiazepines. Derivatives of a Novel Ring System.
Authors: Petrova K. , Petrov O. , Antonova A. , Kalcheva V.
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis and Psychotropic Evaluation of Some New N‐Substitutedbenzothia/oxazepinylphenothiazines.
Authors: Bajaj Kiran , Srivastava V. K. , Kumar Ashok
Published: April 2004

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Consecutive Double 1,2‐Migration of Two Different Groups in Silyl(dichloromethyl)cuprates.
Authors: Kondo Junichi , Ito Yuki , Shinokubo Hiroshi , Oshima Koichiro
Published: April 2004

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Organometallic Synthesis in the Furazan Series. Part 3. Silyl Derivatives of Methylfurazans.
Authors: Sheremetev A. B. , Ivanova E. A.
Published: April 2004

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Chalcogeno Morita—Baylis—Hillman Reaction of 2‐(Methylchalcogeno)phenyl Vinyl Ketones with Aldehydes, Ketones, and α‐Dicarbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Kinoshita Hironori , Kinoshita Sayaka , Munechika Yukari , Iwamura Tatsunori , Watanabe Shin‐ichi , Kataoka Tadashi
Published: April 2004

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A Mild and Efficient Method for Racemization of α‐Amino Esters.
Authors: Ramachandran Uma , Kumar Sudhanshu , Chawla H. P. S.
Published: April 2004

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One Pot Synthesis of Methyl Aminoacetylcyanoacetates.
Authors: Hamilakis Stylianos , Tsolomitis Athanase
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis of Methyleneaminodipeptides via Ring Opening of a 2‐(t‐Butoxycarbonylmethyl)aziridine Derivative.
Authors: Thierry Josiane , Servajean Vincent
Published: April 2004

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An Unprecedented N‐Transacylation Reaction of 2‐Acetamido‐2‐deoxy‐α‐D‐glucopyranosides.
Authors: Li Yingxia , Li Chunxia , Wang Peng , Chu Shidong , Guan Huashi , Yu Biao
Published: April 2004

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Reactions of Nucleophiles with Reactive Intermediates in the 3,4,6‐Tri‐O‐benzyl‐D‐glucal—TfOH—n‐Bu4NI Reaction System.
Authors: Kelson Idil , Feit Ben‐Ami
Published: April 2004

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The Selective Silylation of D‐Mannitol Assisted by Phenylboronic Acid and the Solid State and Solution Structures of the Intermediate 1,6‐Bis(silyl) Bis(phenylboronates).
Authors: Bhaskar Vijaya , D'Elia Angelo , Duggan Peter J. , Humphrey David G. , Krippner Guy Y. , Nhan Trang T. , Tyndall Edward M.
Published: April 2004

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Regioselectivity in Alkylation Reactions of 1,2‐O‐Stannylene Acetals of D‐Arabinofuranose.
Authors: Darwish Omar S. , Callam Christopher S. , Hadad Christopher M. , Lowary Todd L.
Published: April 2004

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BF3 Etherate‐Induced Formation of C7—C16‐Alkyl β‐D‐Glucopyranosides
Authors: Petrovic Zorica , Konstantinovic Stanimir , Spasojevic Aleksandra
Published: April 2004

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Efficacy of Methylenecyclopropane Analogues of Nucleosides Against Herpesvirus Replication in vitro.
Authors: Kushner Nicole L. , Williams Stephanie L. , Hartline Caroll B. , Harden Emma A. , Bidanset Deborah J. , Chen Xinchao , Zemlicka Jiri , Kern Earl R.
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis of Regioisomeric Analogues of Crisamicin A.
Authors: Brimble Margaret A. , Lai Michelle Y. H.
Published: April 2004

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Novel Galbonolide Derivative as IPC Synthase Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis and in vitro Antifungal Activities.
Authors: Sakoh Hiroki , Sugimoto Yuichi , Imamura Hideaki , Sakuraba Shunji , Jona Hideki , Bamba‐Nagano Rie , Yamada Koji , Hashizume Terutaka , Morishima Hajime
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis of the C3—C12 Fragment of Laulimalide
Authors: Lee Hyo Won , Hong Joong‐Yeoun
Published: April 2004

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Combinatorial Synthesis of Oxide Powders with an Autopipetting System.
Authors: Vess Carl J. , Gilmore Jamie , Kohrt Nicole , McGinn Paul J.
Published: April 2004

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Multilayered Nanoheterostructures: Theory and Experiment.
Authors: Dorfs D. , Henschel H. , Kolny J. , Eychmueller A.
Published: April 2004

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Cubic AgPbmSbTe2+m: Bulk Thermoelectric Materials with High Figure of Merit.
Authors: Hsu Kuei Fang , Loo Sim , Guo Fu , Chen Wei , Dyck Jeffrey S. , Uher Ctirad , Hogan Tim , Polychroniadis E. K. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis and Structure of Binary Complexes of Platinum Group Metals ‐ Precursors of Metallic Materials
Authors: Korenev S. V. , Venediktov A. B. , Shubin Yu. V. , Gromilov S. A. , Yusenko K. V.
Published: April 2004

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Magnetic Properties of Some Transition Metal Perovskite Oxide Systems (Transition Metal: Ti, Cr, and Co)
Authors: Yoshii Kenji , Nakamura Akio
Published: April 2004

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Ferroelectricity at the Nanoscale: Local Polarization in Oxide Thin Films and Heterostructures
Authors: Ahn C. H. , Rabe K. M. , Triscone J.‐M.
Published: April 2004

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The B—Li (Boron—Lithium) System
Authors: Borgstedt H. B. , Guminski C.
Published: April 2004

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Fe—Si—Zn (Iron—Silicon—Zinc)
Authors: Raghavan V.
Published: April 2004

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Microporous Heteropoly Compounds and Their Shape Selective Catalysis
Authors: Okuhara Toshio
Published: April 2004

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The Synthesis and Structural Properties of Aluminum Oxide, Hydroxide and Organo Oxide Compounds
Authors: Linton David J. , Wheatley Andrew E. H.
Published: April 2004

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Early (Ti, Zr)‐late (Rh, Ir) Heteronuclear Complexes with Bridging Sulfido Ligands
Authors: Oro Luis A. , Ciriano Miguel A. , Perez‐Torrente Jesus J. , Casado Miguel A. , Hernandez‐Gruel Marc A. F.
Published: April 2004

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New Direction in Organopalladium Chemistry: Structure and Reactivity of Unsaturated Hydrocarbon Ligands Bound to Multipalladium Units
Authors: Murahashi Tetsuro , Ogoshi Sensuke , Kurosawa Hideo
Published: April 2004

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New Perspectives for Olefin Complexes: Synthesis and Characterization of Stable Rhodium(0) and Iridium(0) Complexes
Authors: Harmer J. , Frison G. , Rudolph M. , Schoenberg H. , Deblon S. , Maire P. , Boulmaaz S. , Breher F. , Boehler C. , Rueegger H. , et al. et al.
Published: April 2004

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New Methods for Preparation of Organoselenium and Organotellurium Compounds from Elemental Chalcogens
Authors: Potapov V. A. , Amosova S. V.
Published: April 2004

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Reactions of 1,5‐Diketones with Ammonia and Its Derivatives
Authors: Kharchenko V. G. , Markova L. I. , Fedotova O. V. , Pchelintseva N. V.
Published: April 2004

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Ru Complexes Bearing Bidentate Carbenes: From Innocent Curiosity to Uniquely Effective Catalysts for Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Hoveyda Amir H. , Gillingham Dennis G. , Van Veldhuizen Joshua J. , Kataoka Osamu , Garber Steven B. , Kingsbury Jason S. , Harrity Joseph P. A.
Published: April 2004

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Purine and Sugar Chemistry on Solid Phase: 100 Years After the Emil Fischer′s Chemistry Nobel Prize 1902
Authors: Franzen Robert , Tois Jan
Published: April 2004

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Synthetic Investigations on Steviol, Stevioside, and Rebaudioside A, and Their Applications as Starting Materials
Authors: Kim Darrick S. H. L.
Published: April 2004

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Steroids
Authors: Sherma Joseph
Published: April 2004

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Alkyne Metathesis in Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Lindel Thomas
Published: April 2004

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Microwave‐Assisted Chemical Reactions
Authors: Nuechter Matthias , Mueller Ute , Ondruschka Bernd , Tied Antje , Lautenschlaeger Werner
Published: April 2004

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Structure and Reactivity of Hydrocarbon Radical Cations
Authors: Wiest Olaf , Oxgaard Jonas , Saettel Nicolas J.
Published: April 2004

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Fluorous Phases and Compressed Carbon Dioxide as Alternative Solvents for Chemical Synthesis: A Comparison
Authors: Leitner Walter
Published: April 2004

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A New Look at Pyridinium Salt Photochemistry
Authors: Mariano Patrick S.
Published: April 2004

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Photomechanistic Aspects of Bicyclic Azoalkanes: Triplet States, Photoreduction, and Double Inversion
Authors: Adam Waldemar , Trofimov Alexei V.
Published: April 2004

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The Photochemical Friedel—Crafts Acylation of Quinones: From the Beginnings of Organic Photochemistry to Modern Solar Chemical Applications
Authors: Oelgemoeller Michael , Mattay Jochen
Published: April 2004

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1,3‐Acyl Migrations in β,γ‐Unsaturated Ketones
Authors: Singh Vishwakarma
Published: April 2004

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Photochemical Rearrangements in β,γ‐Unsaturated Enones: The Oxa‐di‐π‐methane Rearrangement
Authors: Singh Vishwakarma
Published: April 2004

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New Results on the Triplet Reactivity of β,γ‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Armesto Diego , Ortiz Maria J. , Agarrabeitia Antonia R.
Published: April 2004

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Yang Photocyclization: Coupling of Biradicals Formed by Intramolecular Hydrogen Abstraction of Ketones
Authors: Wagner Peter J.
Published: April 2004

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Application of Organized Microstructures to Study Keto—Enol Equilibrium of β‐Dicarbonyl Compounds
Authors: Iglesias Emilia
Published: April 2004

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