bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIRECT SPECTRAL DETECTION: AN EFFICIENT METHOD TO DETECT AND CHARACTERIZE BINARY SYSTEMS
Authors: Gullikson Kevin , Kraus Adam , Dodson-Robinson Sarah , Jaffe Daniel , Lee Jeong-Eun , Mace Gregory N. , MacQueen Phillip , Park Sunkyung , Riddle Andrew
Published: January 2016

Young, intermediate-mass stars are experiencing renewed interest as targets for direct-imaging planet searches. However, these types of stars are part of multiple systems more often than not. Close stellar companions affect the formation and orbital architecture of planetary systems, and the properties of the companions can help constrain the binary formation mechanism. Unfortunately, close companions are difficult and expensive to detect with imaging techniques. In this paper, we describe the direct spectral detection method wherein a high-resolution spectrum of the primary is cross-correlated against a template for a companion star. Variants of this method have previously been used to search for stellar, brown dwarf, and even planetary companions. We show that the direct spectral detection method can detect companions as late as M-type orbiting A0 or earlier primary stars in a single epoch on small-aperture telescopes. In addition to estimating the detection limits, we determine the sources of uncertainty in characterizing the companion temperature, and find that large systematic biases can exist. After calibrating the systematic biases with synthetic binary star observations, we apply the method to a sample of 34 known binary systems with an A- or B-type primary star. We detect nine total companions, including four of the five known companions with literature temperatures between 4000 K

, the temperature range for which our method is optimized. We additionally characterize the companion for the first time in two previously single-lined binary systems and one binary identified with speckle interferometry. This method provides an inexpensive way to use small-aperture telescopes to detect binary companions with moderate mass ratios, and is competitive with high-resolution imaging techniques inside ∼100–200 mas.
RADIAL STAR FORMATION HISTORIES IN 15 NEARBY GALAXIES
Authors: Dale Daniel A. , Beltz-Mohrmann Gillian D. , Egan Arika A. , Hatlestad Alan J. , Herzog Laura J. , Leung Andrew S. , McLane Jacob N. , Phenicie Christopher , Roberts Jareth S. , Barnes Kate L. , Boquien Médéric , Calzetti Daniela , Cook David O. , Kobulnicky Henry A. , Staudaher Shawn M. , Zee Liese van
Published: January 2016

New deep optical and near-infrared imaging is combined with archival ultraviolet and infrared data for 15 nearby galaxies mapped in the Spitzer Extended Disk Galaxy Exploration Science survey. These images are particularly deep and thus excellent for studying the low surface brightness outskirts of these disk-dominated galaxies with stellar masses ranging between 108 and

The spectral energy distributions derived from this data set are modeled to investigate the radial variations in the galaxy colors and star formation histories. Taken as a whole, the sample shows bluer and younger stars for larger radii until reversing near the optical radius, whereafter the trend is for redder and older stars for larger galacto-centric distances. These results are consistent with an inside-out disk formation scenario coupled with an old stellar outer disk population formed through radial migration and/or the cumulative history of minor mergers and accretions of satellite dwarf galaxies. However, these trends are quite modest and the variation from galaxy to galaxy is substantial. Additional data for a larger sample of galaxies are needed to confirm or dismiss these modest sample-wide trends.
HARD X-RAY TAIL DISCOVERED IN THE CLOCKED BURSTER GS 1826–238
Authors: Rodi J. , Jourdain E. , Roques J. P.
Published: January 2016

The low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) neutron star (NS) GS 1826–238 was discovered by Ginga in 1988 September. Due to the presence of quasi-periodicity in the type I X-ray burst rate, the source has been a frequent target of X-ray observations for almost 30 years. Though the bursts were too soft to be detected by INTEGRAL/SPI, the persistent emission from GS 1826–238 was detected over 150 keV during the ∼10 years of observations. Spectral analysis found a significant high-energy excess above a Comptonization model that is well fit by a power law, indicating an additional spectral component. Most previously reported spectra with hard tails in LMXB NS have had an electron temperature of a few keV and a hard tail dominating above ∼50 keV with an index of Γ ∼ 2–3. GS 1826–238 was found to have a markedly different spectrum with kT
e ∼ 20 keV and a hard tail dominating above ∼150 keV with an index of Γ ∼ 1.8, more similar to black hole X-ray binaries. We report on our search for long-term spectral variability over the 25–370 keV energy range and on a comparison of the GS 1826–238 average spectrum to the spectra of other LMXB NSs with hard tails.
ON SHOCKS DRIVEN BY HIGH-MASS PLANETS IN RADIATIVELY INEFFICIENT DISKS. II. THREE-DIMENSIONAL GLOBAL DISK SIMULATIONS
Authors: Lyra Wladimir , Richert Alexander J. W. , Boley Aaron , Turner Neal , Mac Low Mordecai-Mark , Okuzumi Satoshi , Flock Mario
Published: January 2016

Recent high-resolution, near-infrared images of protoplanetary disks have shown that these disks often present spiral features. Spiral arms are among the structures predicted by models of disk–planet interaction and thus it is tempting to suspect that planetary perturbers are responsible for these signatures. However, such interpretation is not free of problems. The observed spirals have large pitch angles, and in at least one case (HD 100546) it appears effectively unpolarized, implying thermal emission of the order of 1000 K (465 ± 40 K at closer inspection). We have recently shown in two-dimensional models that shock dissipation in the supersonic wake of high-mass planets can lead to significant heating if the disk is sufficiently adiabatic. Here we extend this analysis to three dimensions in thermodynamically evolving disks. We use the Pencil Code in spherical coordinates for our models, with a prescription for thermal cooling based on the optical depth of the local vertical gas column. We use a 5M

J
planet, and show that shocks in the region around the planet where the Lindblad resonances occur heat the gas to substantially higher temperatures than the ambient gas. The gas is accelerated vertically away from the midplane to form shock bores, and the gas falling back toward the midplane breaks up into a turbulent surf. This turbulence, although localized, has high α values, reaching 0.05 in the inner Lindblad resonance, and 0.1 in the outer one. We find evidence that the disk regions heated up by the shocks become superadiabatic, generating convection far from the planet’s orbit.
THE PREVALENCE OF GAS OUTFLOWS IN TYPE 2 AGNs
Authors: Woo Jong-Hak , Bae Hyun-Jin , Son Donghoon , Karouzos Marios
Published: January 2016

To constrain the nature and fraction of the ionized gas outflows in active galactic nuclei (AGNs), we perform a detailed analysis on gas kinematics as manifested by the velocity dispersion and shift of the

 λ5007 emission line, using a large sample of ∼39,000 type 2 AGNs at z < 0.3. First, we confirm a broad correlation between

and stellar velocity dispersions, indicating that the bulge gravitational potential plays a main role in determining the

kinematics. However,

velocity dispersion is on average larger than stellar velocity dispersion by a factor of 1.3–1.4 for AGNs with double Gaussian

, suggesting that the non-gravitational component, i.e., outflows, is almost comparable to the gravitational component. Second, the increase of the

velocity dispersion (after normalized by stellar velocity dispersion) with both AGN luminosity and Eddington ratio suggests that non-gravitational kinematics are clearly linked to AGN accretion. The distribution in the

velocity–velocity dispersion diagram dramatically expands toward large values with increasing AGN luminosity, implying that the launching velocity of gas outflows increases with AGN luminosity. Third, the majority of luminous AGNs present the non-gravitational kinematics in the

profile. These results suggest that ionized gas outflows are prevalent among type 2 AGNs. On the other hand, we find no strong trend of the

kinematics with radio luminosity, once we remove the effect of the bulge gravitational potential, indicating that ionized gas outflows are not directly related to radio activity for the majority of type 2 AGNs.
AN HST/COS SURVEY OF THE LOW-REDSHIFT INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM. I. SURVEY, METHODOLOGY, AND OVERALL RESULTS*
Authors: Danforth Charles W. , Keeney Brian A. , Tilton Evan M. , Shull J. Michael , Stocke John T. , Stevans Matthew , Pieri Matthew M. , Savage Blair D. , France Kevin , Syphers David , Smith Britton D. , Green James C. , Froning Cynthia , Penton Steven V. , Osterman Steven N.
Published: January 2016

We use high-quality, medium-resolution Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (HST/COS) observations of 82 UV-bright active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at redshifts z
AGN < 0.85 to construct the largest survey of the low-redshift intergalactic medium (IGM) to date: 5138 individual extragalactic absorption lines in H i and 25 different metal-ion species grouped into 2611 distinct redshift systems at z
abs < 0.75 covering total redshift pathlengths Δz
H i
 = 21.7 and Δz
O vi
 = 14.5. Our semi-automated line-finding and measurement technique renders the catalog as objectively defined as possible. The cumulative column density distribution of H i systems can be parametrized

 = 

, with C
14 = 25 ± 1 and β = 1.65 ± 0.02. This distribution is seen to evolve both in amplitude,

, and slope β(z) = 1.75–0.31 z for z ≤ 0.47. We observe metal lines in 418 systems, and find that the fraction of IGM absorbers detected in metals is strongly dependent on

. The distribution of O vi absorbers appears to evolve in the same sense as the Lyα forest. We calculate contributions to Ω
b
from different components of the low-z IGM and determine the Lyα decrement as a function of redshift. IGM absorbers are analyzed via a two-point correlation function in velocity space. We find substantial clustering of H i absorbers on scales of Δv = 50–300 km s−1 with no significant clustering at Δv ≳ 1000 km s−1. Splitting the sample into strong and weak absorbers, we see that most of the clustering occurs in strong, N
H i
 ≳ 1013.5 cm−2, metal-bearing IGM systems. The full catalog of absorption lines and fully reduced spectra is available via the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) as a high-level science product at http://archive.stsci.edu/prepds/igm/.
A LUMINOUS PECULIAR TYPE IA SUPERNOVA SN 2011HR: MORE LIKE SN 1991T OR SN 2007if?
Authors: Zhang Ju-Jia , Wang Xiao-Feng , Sasdelli Michele , Zhang Tian-Meng , Liu Zheng-Wei , Mazzali Paolo A. , Meng Xiang-Cun , Maeda Keiichi , Chen Jun-Cheng , Huang Fang , Zhao Xu-Lin , Zhang Kai-Cheng , Zhai Qian , Pian Elena , Wang Bo , Chang Liang , Yi Wei-Min , Wang Chuan-Jun , Wang Xue-Li , Xin Yu-Xin , Wang Jian-Guo , Lun Bao-Li , Zheng Xiang-Ming , Zhang Xi-Liang , Fan Yu-Feng , Bai Jin-Ming
Published: January 2016

Photometric and spectroscopic observations of a slowly declining, luminous Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) SN 2011hr in the starburst galaxy NGC 2691 are presented. SN 2011hr is found to peak at

, with a postmaximum decline rate Δm
15(B) = 0.92 ± 0.03 mag. From the maximum-light bolometric luminosity,

, we estimate the mass of synthesized 56Ni in SN 2011hr to be

. SN 2011hr appears more luminous than SN 1991T at around maximum light, and the absorption features from its intermediate-mass elements (IMEs) are noticeably weaker than those of the latter at similar phases. Spectral modeling suggests that SN 2011hr has IMEs of ∼0.07

in the outer ejecta, which is much lower than the typical value of normal SNe Ia (i.e., 0.3–0.4

) and is also lower than the value of SN 1991T (i.e., ∼0.18

). These results indicate that SN 2011hr may arise from a Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarf progenitor that experienced a more efficient burning process in the explosion. Nevertheless, it is still possible that SN 2011hr may serve as a transitional object connecting the SN 1991T-like SNe Ia with a superluminous subclass like SN 2007if given that the latter also shows very weak IMEs at all phases.
A NEW GENERATION OF LOS ALAMOS OPACITY TABLES
Authors: Colgan J. , Kilcrease D. P. , Magee N. H. , Sherrill M. E. , Abdallah Jr. J. , Hakel P. , Fontes C. J. , Guzik J. A. , Mussack K. A.
Published: January 2016

We present a new, publicly available set of Los Alamos OPLIB opacity tables for the elements hydrogen through zinc. Our tables are computed using the Los Alamos ATOMIC opacity and plasma modeling code, and make use of atomic structure calculations that use fine-structure detail for all the elements considered. Our equation of state model, known as ChemEOS, is based on the minimization of free energy in a chemical picture and appears to be a reasonable and robust approach to determining atomic state populations over a wide range of temperatures and densities. In this paper we discuss in detail the calculations that we have performed for the 30 elements considered, and present some comparisons of our monochromatic opacities with measurements and other opacity codes. We also use our new opacity tables in solar modeling calculations and compare and contrast such modeling with previous work.
BRIGHT GALAXIES AT HUBBLE’S REDSHIFT DETECTION FRONTIER: PRELIMINARY RESULTS AND DESIGN FROM THE REDSHIFT z ∼ 9–10 BoRG PURE-PARALLEL HST SURVEY
Authors: Calvi V. , Trenti M. , Stiavelli M. , Oesch P. , Bradley L. D. , Schmidt K. B. , Coe D. , Brammer G. , Bernard S. , Bouwens R. J. , Carrasco D. , Carollo C. M. , Holwerda B. W. , MacKenty J. W. , Mason C. A. , Shull J. M. , Treu T.
Published: January 2016

We present the first results and design from the redshift z ∼ 9–10 Brightest of the Reionizing Galaxies Hubble Space Telescope survey BoRG[z9–10], aimed at searching for intrinsically luminous unlensed galaxies during the first 700 Myr after the Big Bang. BoRG[z9–10] is the continuation of a multi-year pure-parallel near-IR and optical imaging campaign with the Wide Field Camera 3. The ongoing survey uses five filters, optimized for detecting the most distant objects and offering continuous wavelength coverage from λ = 0.35 μm to λ = 1.7 μm. We analyze the initial ∼130 arcmin2 of area over 28 independent lines of sight (∼25% of the total planned) to search for

galaxies using a combination of Lyman-break and photometric redshift selections. From an effective comoving volume of (5–25) × 105 Mpc3 for magnitudes brighter than

in the

-band respectively, we find five galaxy candidates at

8.3–10 detected at high confidence (

), including a source at

8.4 with

(

), which, if confirmed, would be the brightest galaxy identified at such early times (

). In addition, BoRG[z9–10] data yield four galaxies with

. These new Lyman-break galaxies with

are ideal targets for follow-up observations from ground and space-based observatories to help investigate the complex interplay between dark matter growth, galaxy assembly, and reionization.
IDCS J1426.5+3508: THE MOST MASSIVE GALAXY CLUSTER AT z > 1.5
Authors: Brodwin Mark , McDonald Michael , Gonzalez Anthony H. , Stanford S. A. , Eisenhardt Peter R. , Stern Daniel , Zeimann Gregory R.
Published: January 2016

We present a deep (100 ks) Chandra observation of IDCS J1426.5+3508, a spectroscopically confirmed, infrared-selected galaxy cluster at z = 1.75. This cluster is the most massive galaxy cluster currently known at z > 1.5, based on existing Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) and gravitational lensing detections. We confirm this high mass via a variety of X-ray scaling relations, including T
X–M, f

g
–M, Y
X–M, and L
X–M, finding a tight distribution of masses from these different methods, spanning M
500 = 2.3–3.3 × 1014
M
⊙, with the low-scatter Y
X-based mass

 = 

M
⊙. IDCS J1426.5+3508 is currently the only cluster at z > 1.5 for which X-ray, SZ, and gravitational lensing mass estimates exist, and these are in remarkably good agreement. We find a relatively tight distribution of the gas-to-total mass ratio, employing total masses from all of the aforementioned indicators, with values ranging from f
gas,500 = 0.087–0.12. We do not detect metals in the intracluster medium (ICM) of this system, placing a 2σ upper limit of

. This upper limit on the metallicity suggests that this system may still be in the process of enriching its ICM. The cluster has a dense, low-entropy core, offset by ∼30 kpc from the X-ray centroid, which makes it one of the few “cool core” clusters discovered at z > 1, and the first known cool core cluster at z > 1.2. The offset of this core from the large-scale centroid suggests that this cluster has had a relatively recent (≲500 Myr) merger/interaction with another massive system.
ON THE ACTIVE REGION BRIGHT GRAINS OBSERVED IN THE TRANSITION REGION IMAGING CHANNELS OF IRIS
Authors: Skogsrud H. , Voort L. Rouppe van der , Pontieu B. De
Published: January 2016

The Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) provides spectroscopy and narrow band slit-jaw (SJI) imaging of the solar chromosphere and transition region at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions. Combined with high-resolution context spectral imaging of the photosphere and chromosphere as provided by the Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope (SST), we can now effectively trace dynamic phenomena through large parts of the solar atmosphere in both space and time. IRIS SJI 1400 images from active regions, which primarily sample the transition region with the Si iv 1394 and 1403 Å lines, reveal ubiquitous bright “grains” which are short-lived (two to five minute) bright roundish small patches of sizes 0.″5–1.″7 that generally move limbward with velocities up to about 30 km s−1. In this paper, we show that many bright grains are the result of chromospheric shocks impacting the transition region. These shocks are associated with dynamic fibrils (DFs), most commonly observed in Hα. We find that the grains show the strongest emission in the ascending phase of the DF, that the emission is strongest toward the top of the DF, and that the grains correspond to a blueshift and broadening of the Si iv lines. We note that the SJI 1400 grains can also be observed in the SJI 1330 channel which is dominated by C ii lines. Our observations show that a significant part of the active region transition region dynamics is driven from the chromosphere below rather than from coronal activity above. We conclude that the shocks that drive DFs also play an important role in the heating of the upper chromosphere and lower transition region.
NON-EQUILIBRIUM HELIUM IONIZATION IN AN MHD SIMULATION OF THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE
Authors: Golding Thomas Peter , Leenaarts Jorrit , Carlsson Mats
Published: January 2016

The ionization state of the gas in the dynamic solar chromosphere can depart strongly from the instantaneous statistical equilibrium commonly assumed in numerical modeling. We improve on earlier simulations of the solar atmosphere that only included non-equilibrium hydrogen ionization by performing a 2D radiation-magnetohydrodynamics simulation featuring non-equilibrium ionization of both hydrogen and helium. The simulation includes the effect of hydrogen Lyα and the EUV radiation from the corona on the ionization and heating of the atmosphere. Details on code implementation are given. We obtain helium ion fractions that are far from their equilibrium values. Comparison with models with local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) ionization shows that non-equilibrium helium ionization leads to higher temperatures in wavefronts and lower temperatures in the gas between shocks. Assuming LTE ionization results in a thermostat-like behavior with matter accumulating around the temperatures where the LTE ionization fractions change rapidly. Comparison of DEM curves computed from our models shows that non-equilibrium ionization leads to more radiating material in the temperature range 11–18 kK, compared to models with LTE helium ionization. We conclude that non-equilibrium helium ionization is important for the dynamics and thermal structure of the upper chromosphere and transition region. It might also help resolve the problem that intensities of chromospheric lines computed from current models are smaller than those observed.
CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS OF THE ELUSIVE PULSAR WIND NEBULA AROUND PSR B0656+14
Authors: Bîrzan L. , Pavlov G. G. , Kargaltsev O.
Published: January 2016

PSR B0656+14 is a middle-aged pulsar with a characteristic age

kyr and spin-down power

erg s−1. Using Chandra data, we searched for a pulsar wind nebula (PWN). We found evidence of an extended emission in a 3.″5–15″ annulus around the pulsar, with a luminosity

erg s−1 (at the distance of 288 pc), which is a fraction of ∼0.05 of the nonthermal pulsar luminosity. If the extended emission is mostly due to a PWN, its X-ray effiency,

, is lower than those of most other known PWNe, but similar to that of the middle-aged Geminga pulsar. The small radial extent and nearly round shape of the putative PWN can be expained if the pulsar is receding (or approaching) in the direction close to the line of sight. The very soft spectrum of the extended emission (

) is much softer than those of typical PWNe; this could be explained by contribution from a faint dust scattering halo, which may dominate in the outer part of the extended emission.
THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN CHEMISTRY AND NUCLEATION IN THE FORMATION OF CARBONACEOUS DUST IN SUPERNOVA EJECTA
Authors: Lazzati Davide , Heger Alexander
Published: January 2016

Core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) are considered to be important contributors to the primitive dust enrichment of the interstellar medium in the high-redshift universe. Theoretical models of dust formation in stellar explosions have so far provided controversial results and a generally poor fit to the observations of dust formation in local supernovae. We present a new methodology for the calculation of carbonaceous dust formation in young supernova remnants. Our new technique uses both the nucleation theory and a chemical reaction network to allow us to compute the dust growth beyond the molecular level as well as consider the chemical erosion of the forming grains. We find that carbonaceous dust forms efficiently in the core of the ejecta, but takes several years to condensate, longer than previously estimated. It forms unevenly and remains concentrated in the inner part of the remnant. These results support the role of CCSNe as dust factories and provide new insight into the observations of SN 1987A, in which large amounts of dust have been detected to form on a timescale of years after core-collapse.
DISCOVERY OF A STELLAR OVERDENSITY IN ERIDANUS–PHOENIX IN THE DARK ENERGY SURVEY
Authors: Li T. S. , Balbinot E. , Mondrik N. , Marshall J. L. , Yanny B. , Bechtol K. , Drlica-Wagner A. , Oscar D. , Santiago B. , Simon J. D. , Vivas A. K. , Walker A. R. , Wang M. Y. , Abbott T. M. C. , Abdalla F. B. , Benoit-Lévy A. , Bernstein G. M. , Bertin E. , Brooks D. , Burke D. L. , Rosell A. Carnero , Kind M. Carrasco , Carretero J. , Costa L. N. da , DePoy D. L. , Desai S. , Diehl H. T. , Doel P. , Estrada J. , Finley D. A. , Flaugher B. , Frieman J. , Gruen D. , Gruendl R. A. , Gutierrez G. , Honscheid K. , James D. J. , Kuehn K. , Kuropatkin N. , Lahav O. , Maia M. A. G. , March M. , Martini P. , Ogando R. , Plazas A. A. , Reil K. , Romer A. K. , Roodman A. , Sanchez E. , Scarpine V. , Schubnell M. , Sevilla-Noarbe I. , Smith R. C. , Soares-Santos M. , Sobreira F. , Suchyta E. , Swanson M. E. C. , Tarle G. , Tucker D. , Zhang Y. ,   (The DES Collaboration)
Published: January 2016

We report the discovery of an excess of main-sequence turnoff stars in the direction of the constellations of Eridanus and Phoenix from the first-year data of the Dark Energy Survey (DES). The Eridanus–Phoenix (EriPhe) overdensity is centered around

and

and spans at least 30° in longitude and 10° in latitude. The Poisson significance of the detection is at least

. The stellar population in the overdense region is similar in brightness and color to that of the nearby globular cluster NGC 1261, indicating that the heliocentric distance of EriPhe is about

. The extent of EriPhe in projection is therefore at least ∼4 kpc by ∼3 kpc. On the sky, this overdensity is located between NGC 1261 and a new stellar stream discovered by DES at a similar heliocentric distance, the so-called Phoenix Stream. Given their similar distance and proximity to each other, it is possible that these three structures may be kinematically associated. Alternatively, the EriPhe overdensity is morphologically similar to the Virgo overdensity and the Hercules–Aquila cloud, which also lie at a similar Galactocentric distance. These three overdensities lie along a polar plane separated by ∼120° and may share a common origin. Spectroscopic follow-up observations of the stars in EriPhe are required to fully understand the nature of this overdensity.
HIGH PRECISION ROVIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY OF OH+
Authors: Markus Charles R. , Hodges James N. , Perry Adam J. , Kocheril G. Stephen , Müller Holger S. P. , McCall Benjamin J.
Published: January 2016

The molecular ion OH+ has long been known to be an important component of the interstellar medium. Its relative abundance can be used to indirectly measure cosmic ray ionization rates of hydrogen, and it is the first intermediate in the interstellar formation of water. To date, only a limited number of pure rotational transitions have been observed in the laboratory making it necessary to indirectly calculate rotational levels from high-precision rovibrational spectroscopy. We have remeasured 30 transitions in the fundamental band with MHz-level precision, in order to enable the prediction of a THz spectrum of OH+. The ions were produced in a water cooled discharge of O2, H2, and He, and the rovibrational transitions were measured with the technique Noise Immune Cavity Enhanced Optical Heterodyne Velocity Modulation Spectroscopy. These values have been included in a global fit of field free data to a 3Σ− linear molecule effective Hamiltonian to determine improved spectroscopic parameters which were used to predict the pure rotational transition frequencies.
THE DISCOVERY OF LENSED RADIO AND X-RAY SOURCES BEHIND THE FRONTIER FIELDS CLUSTER MACS J0717.5+3745 WITH THE JVLA AND CHANDRA
Authors: Weeren R. J. van , Ogrean G. A. , Jones C. , Forman W. R. , Andrade-Santos F. , Bonafede A. , Brüggen M. , Bulbul E. , Clarke T. E. , Churazov E. , David L. , Dawson W. A. , Donahue M. , Goulding A. , Kraft R. P. , Mason B. , Merten J. , Mroczkowski T. , Murray S. S. , Nulsen P. E. J. , Rosati P. , Roediger E. , Randall S. W. , Sayers J. , Umetsu K. , Vikhlinin A. , Zitrin A.
Published: January 2016

We report on high-resolution JVLA and Chandra observations of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Frontier Cluster MACS J0717.5+3745. MACS J0717.5+3745 offers the largest contiguous magnified area of any known cluster, making it a promising target to search for lensed radio and X-ray sources. With the high-resolution 1.0–6.5 GHz JVLA imaging in A and B configuration, we detect a total of 51 compact radio sources within the area covered by the HST imaging. Within this sample, we find seven lensed sources with amplification factors larger than two. None of these sources are identified as multiply lensed. Based on the radio luminosities, the majority of these sources are likely star-forming galaxies with star-formation rates (SFRs) of 10–50

yr−1 located at

. Two of the lensed radio sources are also detected in the Chandra image of the cluster. These two sources are likely active galactic nuclei, given their 2–10 keV X-ray luminosities of ∼1043–44 erg s−1. From the derived radio luminosity function, we find evidence for an increase in the number density of radio sources at

, compared to a

sample. Our observations indicate that deep radio imaging of lensing clusters can be used to study star-forming galaxies, with SFRs as low as ∼10 M
⊙ yr−1, at the peak of cosmic star formation history.
INFLOW GENERATED X-RAY CORONA AROUND SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES AND A UNIFIED MODEL FOR X-RAY EMISSION
Authors: Wang Lile , Cen Renyue
Published: January 2016

Three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations are performed, which cover the spatial domain from hundreds of Schwarzschild radii to 2 pc around the central supermassive black hole of mass

, with detailed radiative cooling processes. The existence of a significant amount of shock heated, high temperature (

) coronal gas in the inner (

) region is generally found. It is shown that the composite bremsstrahlung emission spectrum due to coronal gas of various temperatures is in reasonable agreement with the overall ensemble spectrum of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and hard X-ray background. Taking into account inverse Compton processes, in the context of the simulation-produced coronal gas, our model can readily account for the wide variety of AGN spectral shapes, which can now be understood physically. The distinguishing feature of our model is that X-ray coronal gas is, for the first time, an integral part of the inflow gas and its observable characteristics are physically coupled to the concomitant inflow gas. One natural prediction of our model is the anti-correlation between accretion disk luminosity and spectral hardness: as the luminosity of SMBH accretion disk decreases, the hard X-ray luminosity increases relative to the UV/optical luminosity.
DISTINGUISHING A HYPOTHETICAL ABIOTIC PLANET–MOON SYSTEM FROM A SINGLE INHABITED PLANET
Authors: Li Tong , Tian Feng , Wang Yuwei , Wei Wanjing , Huang Xiaomeng
Published: January 2016

It has recently been suggested that an exomoon with a CH4 atmosphere, orbiting an abiotic Earth-mass planet with an O2-rich atmosphere, can produce a false positive biosignature at a low–moderate spectral resolution (R = λ/Δλ ≤ 2000). If this were true, inferring the presence of life on exoplanets will be beyond our reach in the next several decades. Here we use a line-by-line radiative transfer model to compute the relevant reflection spectrum between 1 and 3.3 μm. We show that it is possible to separate the combined spectra of such planet–moon systems from an inhabited planet by multiple-band NIR observations. We suggest that future observations near the 2.3 μm CH4 absorption band at a resolution of 100 and an SNR of 10 or more may be a good way to distinguish an abiotic planet–moon system from a inhabited single planet.
L'anorexie mentale
Authors: Viltart Odile , Vanbesien Christel , Méquinion Mathieu , Chauveau Christophe
Published: January 2016

Après avoir défini dans un premier temps la notion de modèle animal et les critères de validité interne et externe qui permettent aux scientifiques d’utiliser d’autres espèces animales pour mimer des maladies typiquement humaines, les modèles animaux actuellement utilisés dans le cas de l’anorexie mentale seront développés. Les avantages et les limites du recours aux modèles animaux seront discutés.
L'anorexie mentale
Authors: Antoine Pascal
Published: January 2016

La difficulté à se défaire des préoccupations alimentaires et corporelles, les obsessions et les rituels, les erreurs de perception corporelle, la rigidité dans les interactions et les routines sont autant d’observations cliniques qui permettent d’interroger l’existence d’un fonctionnement intellectuel ou d’un style cognitif particulier dans l’anorexie mentale. Derrière cette question, à laquelle les neuropsychologues répondent de plus en plus précisément, d’autres enjeux émergent : ce style cognitif est-il lié à la perte de poids ou préexistant à l’apparition des troubles ? Des patterns spécifiques d’activité cérébrale sont-ils associés ? Peut-on aider les patients à adopter un style cognitif plus adaptatif par des techniques éprouvées de remédiation cognitive ? La rencontre clinique dans le champ de l’anorexie mentale se heurte à l’affaiblissement physique, psychique mais également intellectuel des patients, et ce d’autant plus lorsque l’IMC est faible. La pensée apparaît confuse et la fatigabilité importante, ce qui diminue la réflexivité des patients et la portée des interactions. Par ailleurs, l’anorexie mentale reste mystérieuse en bien des aspects, notamment étiologiques. Elle ne bénéficie pas non plus de proposition psychothérapeutique dont le niveau d’efficacité en fasse un élément incontournable du dispositif de soin. Face à ces manques et à ces constats cliniques, étiologiques et thérapeutiques, les travaux se sont multipliés depuis une trentaine d’années et se sont accélérés plus récemment pour tenter d’identifier les processus sous-jacents à l’apparition puis au maintien de la maladie ainsi que ses marqueurs biologiques. Cette voie tout à fait originale est ouverte par la psychopathologie cognitive et la neuropsychologie clinique, et ce chapitre en propose une synthèse. Pour éviter toute ambiguïté, notamment relative à l’influence potentielle d’un IMC faible ou très faible, les recherches fondées sur des personnes issues de la population générale avec des niveaux élevés de restriction cognitive n’ont pas été intégrées. Les travaux recensés, sans être exhaustifs, sont ceux exclusivement acquis auprès de patients relevant d’un diagnostic d’anorexie mentale. Après un aperçu rapide de la littérature sur l’intelligence, ce chapitre couvrira les domaines cognitifs classiquement abordés en neuropsychologie, le domaine particulier des perceptions corporelles, avant d’aborder la question de la prise en charge neuropsychologique : la remédiation cognitive.
L'anorexie mentale
Authors: Viltart Odile , Legroux-Gérot Isabelle , Méquinion Mathieu , Chauveau Christophe
Published: January 2016

Ce chapitre est axé sur les perturbations physiologiques associées à l’anorexie mentale. Le dialogue entre le système nerveux central et la périphérie est altéré. Nous décrirons les principaux acteurs impliqués et les conséquences induites. Au-delà des troubles du métabolisme énergétique s’observent également des dysfonctionnements dans l’axe reproducteur, dans le système immunitaire, dans la physiologie osseuse et dans le système de récompense et de plaisir.
L'anorexie mentale
Authors: Antoine Pascal
Published: January 2016

La difficulté à prendre conscience des troubles, l’étouffement des éprouvés corporels et émotionnels, la rigidité du fonctionnement psychique et la résistance à s’engager dans une relation thérapeutique sont typiques des patients avec une anorexie mentale. Les psychothérapeutes développent actuellement plusieurs courants qui tiennent compte de ces défis imposés par la maladie : ces différentes approches, motivationnelles, d’acceptation et d’engagement ou de pleine conscience, favorisent l’émergence du changement, l’évolution de l’attitude envers le symptôme ou le traitement et le réinvestissement de son existence.
Pratiques stratégiques des multinationales françaises en Chine : analyse des facteurs culturels
Authors: Gao Huiyi
Published: January 2016

La propagation des multinationales françaises en Chine se heurte au problème de la transposition de leurs pratiques du management stratégique au contexte local. Les résultats d’une étude de 4 cas confirment les divergences liées à la pensée holistique, aux concepts du pouvoir et de responsabilité et aux facteurs psychosociaux. Les défis soulevés s’organisent autour de deux axes : agir en prenant en compte la logique chinoise et dynamiser les interactions entre des acteurs tant internes qu’externes.
Parler de management et de gestion éthique. Un exemple : le recueil des directives anticipées
Authors: Bréhaux Karine , Frémond-Lejeune Corinne
Published: January 2016

Les directives anticipées, en référence à la loi de 2005, dite Loi de Léonetti, constituent un dispositif d’expression, par anticipation, de la volonté du patient quant à sa fin de vie, pour le cas où il ne serait plus en capacité de le faire. Une étude a été menée dans un centre hospitalier sur la phase de recueil. Comme toute activité, ce processus est soumis à des dangers. Face à eux ou en situation dangereuse, la méthode d’Analyse Globale des Risques (AGR), appliquée au sujet, permet d’identifier et de caractériser les scénarios conduisant à des évènements redoutés afin de définir des actions de réduction des risques assorties ou non de paramètres de sécurisation. Elles sont soumises à validation des dirigeants sur la base des risques majeurs et d’un bilan financier. Le coordonnateur de la gestion des risques associés aux soins de l’établissement conduit la démarche et anime le groupe d’experts du système étudié. Cette étude a permis d’identifier 332 scénarios dont 42,77 % associés à un risque tolérable sous contrôle et 11,14 % à un risque non acceptable, définis ainsi par la matrice de criticité, outil managérial de décision. Parmi ces derniers, trois risques majeurs ont été identifiés sur la base des valeurs maximales des risques moyens. Deux d’entre eux étaient associés à l’étape d’évaluation des capacités du patient à exprimer ses volontés et le troisième était associé à l’étape de recueil de la décision du patient de rédiger ou non ses directives anticipées. Deux actions de réduction des risques, de nature préventive et économiquement rentables, chacune consolidée par un paramètre de sécurité ont été retenues en guise de traitement. L’élaboration d’un projet managérial énonce des valeurs partagées et cette étude permet de les décliner objectivement : rendre compatible les évolutions de l’hôpital avec la démarche éthique, rappeler les valeurs communes du service public hospitalier en les corrélant avec les droits des personnes et les valeurs éthiques (égalité, neutralité, médiation, respect de la réglementation, respect du consentement de la personne). Cela nécessite de développer des principes de management éthique participatif où de nouveaux profils de managers (à la fois directeur d’établissement et éthicien ?) seraient appréciés et où le coordonnateur de la gestion des risques associés aux soins de l’établissement pourrait être un nouveau manager créatif.
Les enjeux cruciaux du recrutement pour les organisations hybrides : les enseignements à tirer d’une étude sur les Scop
Authors: Juban Jean-Yves , Charmettant Hervé , Magne Nathalie
Published: January 2016

L’étude de terrain menée sur une quarantaine de Scop de la région Rhône-Alpes montre qu’elles peuvent être analysées comme des organisations hybrides, mettant en œuvre un double projet : économique et socio-politique. Nos observations confirment que les enjeux du recrutement y sont particulièrement importants et mettent en évidence la diversité des pratiques des Scop afin de répondre à ces enjeux. Nous nous interrogeons par ailleurs sur celles qui semblent mieux à même de garantir la soutenabilité de leur double projet. Parmi ce que nous identifions comme les bonnes pratiques, le « couplage sélectif » semble une voie peu explorée mais plus appropriée que le « compromis » ou le « découplage ».
Sur les bancs de l’école
Authors: Billard Jacques
Published: January 2016

Déculpabiliser la libido adolescente tout en civilisant le sauvageon et la sauvageonne. Éros, le bon élève ?
Nue mais pas à poils
Authors: Gaillard Françoise
Published: January 2016

Les poils ont un enjeu : épiler, c’est arracher la femme à la nature. En violant l’interdit, Courbet ouvrait les portes de l’Enfer.
Le con d’Irène
Authors: Bougnoux Daniel
Published: January 2016

Plutôt que le provocant, le grivois ou le direct, défendons avec Aragon le doux-amer du secret et du discret.
En Harley-Davidson
Authors: Dumas Robert
Published: January 2016

Après l’escarpolette, la motocyclette : gros cube et tombeau ouvert.
Tinder et thanatos
Authors: Schmelck Clara
Published: January 2016

Lasciate ogni speranza voi ch’entrate. Récit d’une excursion, sous divers avatars, dans un désert surpeuplé.
Coïtus reservatus
Authors: Maurel-Indart Hélène
Published: January 2016

Nouveau médium, nouveau message : de la lettre au mail, la nouvelle Carte du Tendre.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: An Overview
Authors: Stubbe Dorothy E.
Published: January 2016

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly diagnosed psychiatric disorder of childhood. ADHD is characterized by developmentally inappropriate levels of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and/or inattention that interfere with functioning or development. The
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
, fifth edition, recognizes three types of ADHD presentation: predominantly inattentive; predominantly hyperactive/Impulsive; and combined. ADHD is a polygenic disorder thought to involve disruptions in the neural circuitry involving cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical loops that may develop prenatally and can be affected by the postnatal environment. ADHD tends to be a life-long disorder, with enormous public health consequences. People suffering from the disorder often demonstrate educational, occupational, and social functioning deficits. Mental health providers must consider optimal psychosocial and medication treatments and be vigilant for co-occurring psychiatric disorders that must also be treated to improve prognosis. This article provides an up-to-date overview on the postulated etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of ADHD.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2016;46(1):33–38.]
Transformative Experience: Developing Competence in Novice Nursing Faculty
Authors: Cooley Shirley S. , De Gagne Jennie C.
Published: January 2016

Background:

The nursing faculty shortage has led to an increasing number of master's-prepared clinical nurse experts becoming nursing faculty to teach prelicensure nursing students, often without adequate preparation for the complex specialized role of an academic nurse educator.

Method:

A hermeneutic phenomenological qualitative study was designed to gain insight about novice nursing faculty's experience in academia, to examine their perceptions of facilitators and barriers to the development of nurse educators' practice competence, and to identify transformative learning experiences related to novice faculty development. The data consisted of audio recordings and verbatim transcripts of interviews, along with journal data describing day-to-day experiences as novice nurse academics. Data were analyzed using Moustakas' seven-step process.

Results:

Facilitators and barriers, along with characteristics of transformative learning experiences, were identified. An essential combination of facilitating factors, mentorship, and internship programs was discovered.

Conclusion:

Internship programs are a necessary link in creating academic environments that contribute to the development of competence in novice nursing faculty. [
J Nurs Educ.
2016;55(2):96–100.]
Reflective Journaling for Critical Thinking Development in Advanced Practice Registered Nurse Students
Authors: Raterink Ginger
Published: January 2016

Background:

Critical thinking, clinical decision making, and critical reflection have been identified as skills required of nurses in every clinical situation. The
Educating Nurses: A Call for Radical Transformation
report suggested that critical reflection is a key to improving the educational process. Reflective journaling is a tool that helps develop such skills.

Method:

This article presents the tool of reflective journaling and the use of this process by educators working with students. It describes the use of reflective journaling in graduate nursing education, as well as a scoring process to evaluate the reflection and provide feedback.

Results:

Students and faculty found the journaling to be helpful for reflection of a clinical situation focused on critical thinking skill development. The rubric scoring tool provided faculty with a method for feedback.

Conclusion:

Reflective journaling is a tool that faculty and students can use to develop critical thinking skills for the role of the advanced practice RN. A rubric scoring system offers a consistent format for feedback. [
J Nurs Educ.
2016;55(2):101–104.]
Use of Visual Narrative Illustrations to Teach Pathophysiology Concepts to Nursing Students
Authors: El Hussein Mohamed Toufic , Salyers Vincent , Osuji Joseph
Published: January 2016

Background:

The care of patients with acute and chronic illnesses requires nurses to fully understand the underlying pathophysiology associated with disease processes. Although mastering a pathophysiology course is a strong predictor of student success in nursing programs, it is a course with which students and new nurses most often struggle.

Method:

The authors describe a teaching innovation—visual narrative illustration (VNI)—and demonstrate how VNIs are used to teach complex pathophysiology concepts to nursing students.

Results:

The consistent positive feedback regarding the VNIs that have already been implemented in the pathophysiology course prompted the authors to systematically and formally study the impact of this innovative approach on student learning and knowledge retention.

Conclusion:

Use of VNI is an innovative teaching strategy that has the potential to augment other course materials and bridge some of the knowledge gaps that challenge nursing students from fully understanding pathophysiologic concepts. [
J Nurs Educ.
2016;55(2):109–112.]
Aging in Community: Developing a More Holistic Approach to Enhance Older Adults' Well-Being
Authors: Davitt Joan K. , Madigan Elizabeth A. , Rantz Marilyn , Skemp Lisa
Published: January 2016

Public health advances have contributed to increased longevity; however, individuals are more likely to live longer with multiple chronic conditions. The existing health care system primarily focuses on treating disease rather than addressing well-being as a holistic construct that includes physical, social, and environmental components. The current commentary emphasizes the importance of supporting healthy active aging and aging in community. The barriers to aging in community and the state of the intervention science in response to this problem are discussed, and recommendations for future research are provided. Active aging is more than managing illness or care transitions—it promotes engagement, participation, dignity, self-fulfillment, self-determination, and support for older adults. To support aging in community and healthy active aging, a paradigm shift is needed in how the well-being of older adults is thought about and supported.

[Res Gerontol Nurs. 2016; 9(1):6–13.]
Due ritratti della moglie di Giobbe (Gb 2,9-10)
Authors: Toloni Giancarlo
Published: January 2016

Tampoco la mujer de Job (Job 2,9-10), como sucede con otros personajes menores de las historias de la Biblia hebrea, juega un papel insignificante en la historia de su marido, sino que es relevante para entender mejor la intención del autor. En la interpretación tradicional, principalmente basada en el Texto Masorético (TM), ella estaba encuadrada dentro de un esquema que le atraía el juicio negativo de la crítica, fruto tal vez de una visión misógina de matriz judeo-helenística, y aparecía como hostil a Job, el justo sufridor, por la aversión a la fe incondicional de este. Ahora queremos revisar aquí esta controvertida figura, primero de todo a la luz de los testimonios de las dos ramas de la tradición textual hebrea (TM) y griega (Old Greek = OG). En el primer caso, las palabras de la mujer de Job suenan como una invitación a su marido a maldecir a Dios, como responsable de sus injustos sufrimientos; en el segundo, sin embargo, se muestran como una exhortación a proclamar ante Dios su dolor inocente, aun a costa de ser castigado con la muerte. Encontramos así dos retratos diferentes, si no opuestos, de la mujer de Job, cuyo papel en la historia de Job se define negativa o positi¬vamente según el arquetipo presupuesto.