bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Revogação”: uma abordagem pragmática
Authors: Sgarbi Adrian
Published: April 2015

Tanto quanto o ingresso, o egresso de normas no sistema jurídico é fenômeno frequentemente resumido pelos operadores em geral da ordem jurídica com a expressão “dinâmica jurídica”. Neste ensaio o objetivo do autor é analisar a revogação em suas peculiaridades lingüísticas, tipológicas, bem como as características marcantes que diferenciam suas espécies. Particular atenção é dedicada à propagação revogadora, seus triunfos e malogros, sem desconsiderar as causas prováveis desta ocorrência.
Estudo comparativo da proteção jurídica socioambiental à luz das Constituições brasileira e colombiana
Authors: D´Almeida Bruna Gonçalves
Published: April 2015

De qualquer forma, a partir da interpretação da idéia que compõe o que se entende por socioambientalismo, é plenamente possível e de fácil percepção a presença de elementos comuns a outros ordenamentos jurídicos que permitem a investigação e comparação de direitos socioambientais, apesar de não necessariamente serem conhecidos por tal nomenclatura. Essa constatação nos possibilita desenvolver este estudo, comparando os direitos socioambientais no Brasil e na Colômbia sob um enfoque constitucional.
Direito de resistência e a receptividade de doutrinas jurídicas
Authors: Guimaraens Francisco
Published: April 2015

Este trabalho tem por objeto a comparação de doutrinas a respeito do conceito de direito de resistência, visando identificar se é possível estabelecer uma nova intelecção do fenômeno a ser recepcionada pela doutrina e pela jurisprudência brasileiras, de modo a evitar um processo de criminalização dos movimentos sociais. Para desenvolver tal reflexão, foram analisadas as posições de Locke, Kant e Spinoza sobre o direito de resistência, buscando demonstrar que a perspectiva spinozana concebe o direito de resistência de maneira positiva, e não negativa, como o fazem Kant e Locke. Neste sentido, as ações constitutivas de direitos atribuídas aos movimentos sociais seriam expressão de um direito fundador das mesmas, o direito de resistência, o que conduziria a doutrina e a jurisprudência no Brasil a uma reorientação considerável sobre o tema, caso se recepcionasse tal ótica a respeito do conceito.
Da margem de preferência nas licitações e empresas estrangeiras
Authors: Pighini Bráulio Chagas , Gomes Magno Federici
Published: April 2015

Este artigo abordará a questão envolvendo as licitações internacionais e a margem de preferência destinada a proteger e fomentar a economia brasileira. Trata-se de pesquisa teórica, que utilizou a doutrina e jurisprudência sobre o tema. O trabalho constata que a lei de licitações e demais normas que regem a matéria não criam qualquer empecilho para que a empresa estrangeira possa fazer jus à margem de preferência, desde que preenchidos os requisitos traçados pela legislação brasileira. O artigo também esmiúça a importância da Sociedade de Propósito Específico (SPE) em face das licitações no ordenamento pátrio.
A turning-point in the evolution of the Variscan orogen: the ca. 325 Ma regional partial-melting event of the coastal South Armorican domain (South Brittany and Vendée, France)
Authors: Augier Romain , Choulet Flavien , Faure Michel , Turrillot Paul
Published: April 2015

By drastically reducing the bulk strength of crustal materials, partial-melting is one of the main parameter controlling the rheological behaviour of the continental crust. With more than ca. 50% of the outcropping surface characterised by migmatites and granites, the coastal South Armorican domain, offers an opportunity to study deep-orogenic processes and more particularly, to understand the role of partial-melting for the late-evolution of the Variscan belt. To date, time-constraints are scarce hindering the understanding of this crucial stage in the Variscan belt evolution. This paper provides 29 new U-Th/Pb chemical ages on monazite collected over five sampling areas consisting in migmatite domes and late regional classic plutons. Based on structural, textural and chemical criteria, three main U-Th/Pb age-groups are distinguished. The first group, settled at ca. 335–330 Ma concerns samples of restites and core-domains of the monazite crystals for most of the granite massifs. Its significance is ascribed to inherited crystallisation ages probably recording the crossing of prograde monazite forming reactions (i.e. metamorphic isograds) during increasing P-T conditions in an overall nappe-stacking context. The second group that clusters at ca. 325–320 Ma corresponds to newly formed monazite grains that crystallised from juvenile silicate melts. Ages of this group are interpreted as crystallisation ages of leucosomes after a major partial-melting event that affected the whole domain. The last ca. 320 Ma group corresponds to rim-domains of monazite crystals. It is interpreted as the emplacement age of most of the large-scale granite massifs and therefore fixes the end of the partial-melting event.

The inception and drastic generalisation of partial-melting at peak-P conditions therefore coincides with a major change in the tectonic regime recorded at regional-scale. In the lights of these results, this implies that (1) either continuous stacking of continental crustal units, rich in radiogenic elements, led to an increase of temperature within the orogenic wedge provoking partial-melting, the resulting drop in the crustal strength inducing collapse and lateral expansion of the belt, or (2) a drastic change of the boundary conditions has induced hot asthenospheric upwelling which in turn led to coeval extension and partial-melting. At a more local scale, strain benefited of the low-strength of the magmatic bodies prior to complete crystallisation promoting intense strain localisation within the South Armorican domain large-scale laccoliths often referred to as synkinematic plutons.
Mitigation of the Effects of Condensate Banking: A Critical Review
Authors: Sayed Mohammed A. , Al-Muntasheri Ghaithan A.
Published: April 2015

With production from gas/condensate reservoirs, the flowing bottomhole pressure of the production well decreases. When the flowing bottomhole pressure decreases below the dewpoint, condensate accumulates near the wellbore region and forms a condensate bank. This results in a loss of productivity of both gas and condensate, which becomes more serious in intermediate- and low-permeability gas/condensate reservoirs, where the condensate bank reduces both the gas permeability and the well productivity.

Several techniques have been used to mitigate this problem. These methods include:

Use of solvents and wettability-alteration chemicals to reduce the impact of condensate blockage Gas cycling and injection of nitrogen and supercritical carbon dioxide as pressure-maintenance methods Drilling horizontal wells, hydraulic fracturing, and acidizing to improve the well productivity

Gas cycling aims to keep the reservoir pressure greater than the dewpoint pressure to reduce the condensation phenomena. The limited volumes of gas that can be recycled in the reservoir can hinder the application of this method. For an ideal gas-cycling process, the volume of the gas injected into the reservoir will be larger than the total gas that can be produced from such a reservoir. Other approaches are the drilling of horizontal wells and hydraulic fracturing, during which the pressure drop around the wellbore region is lowered to allow for a longer production time, with only single-phase gas flow to the wellbore. These approaches are costly because they require drilling rigs. Another technique is the use of solvents, which shows good treatment outcomes, but the durability is a questionable issue in these treatments. Moreover, wettability alteration needs to be approached very carefully so as not to cause permanent damage to the reservoir. The use of fluorinated polymers and surfactants dissolved in alcohol-based solvents for wettability-alteration treatments was reported in many studies.

Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages, and can be applied under certain conditions. This paper presents all of these methods, along with their advantages and disadvantages and description of some of their field applications and case studies.
Nuclear-Magnetic-Resonance Response of Brine, Oil, and Methane in Organic-Rich Shales
Authors: Tinni A.. , Odusina E.. , Sulucarnain I.. , Sondergeld C.. , Rai C. S.
Published: April 2015

The application of nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) methods to evaluate the fluid content in hydrocarbon reservoirs requires the understanding of the NMR response of the fluids present in the rock. The presence of multiple fluids such as liquid, gaseous, or adsorbed phases in nanometer-sized pores (associated with various minerals and organic matter) adds another degree of complexity to the interpretation of NMR data in shales. We present a laboratory study on the NMR responses of brine, oil, and methane in shales at 2 MHz.

NMR transverse relaxation time (T2) distributions were acquired on core plugs from the Haynesville, Barnett, and Woodford shale formations. The NMR T2 distributions were acquired after brine (2.5% potassium chloride) and oil (dodecane) imbibition and saturation. After brine imbibition, we observed an increase in porosity at T2 ≤ 1 ms. However, after saturation at increasing pressures we observe a porosity increase at T2 ≈ 6–20 ms. Dodecane imbibition and saturation induced a porosity increase at T2 ≈ 10 ms.

The measurements with methane were conducted on Haynesville core plugs at a methane pressure of 4,000 psi. The NMR T2 signal of methane in shales appears to be at approximately 10 ms.

These results show that the NMR response of methane and oil is very similar in shales. Monitoring the saturation increase with NMR shows that brine can enter the entire pore spectrum, whereas oil and methane have access only to a fraction of the pore space.
Chelating-Agent Enhanced Oil Recovery for Sandstone and Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Mahmoud M. A. , Abdelgawad K. Z.
Published: April 2015

Recently low-salinity waterflooding was introduced as an effective enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) method in sandstone and carbonate reservoirs. The recovery mechanisms that use low-salinity-water injection are still debatable. The suggested possible mechanisms are: wettability alteration, interfacial-tension (IFT) reduction, multi-ion exchange, and rock dissolution. In this paper, we introduce a new chemical EOR method for sandstone and carbonate reservoirs that will give better recovery than the low-salinity-water injection without treating or diluting seawater.

In this study, we introduce a new chemical EOR method that uses chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA), and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) at high pH values. This is the first time for use of chelating agents as standalone EOR fluids. Coreflood experiments, interfacial and surface tensions, and zeta-potential measurements are performed with DTPA, EDTA, and HEDTA chelating agents. The chelating-agent concentrations used in the study were prepared by diluting the initial concentration of 40 wt% with seawater and injecting it into Berea-sandstone and Indiana-limestone cores of a 6-in. length and a 1.5-in. diameter saturated with crude oil. The coreflooding experiments were performed at 100°C and a 1,000-psi backpressure. Low-salinity-water and seawater injections caused damage to the reservoir because of the calcium sulfate scale deposition during the flooding process. The newly introduced EOR method did not cause calcium sulfate precipitation, and the core permeability was not affected. The core permeability was measured after the flooding process, and the final permeability was higher than the initial permeability in the case of chelating-agent injection. The coreflooding effluent was analyzed for cations with the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy to explain the dissolution-recovery mechanism. The effect of iron minerals on the rock-surface charge was investigated through the measurements of zeta potential for different rocks containing different iron minerals.

HEDTA and EDTA chelating agents at 5 wt% concentration prepared in seawater were able to recover more than 20% oil from the initial oil in place from sandstone and carbonate cores. ICP measurements supported the rock-dissolution mechanism because the calcium, magnesium, and iron concentrations in the effluent samples were more than those in the injected fluids. The IFT-reduction mechanism was confirmed by the low IFT values obtained in the case of chelating agents. The type and concentration of chelating agents affected the IFT value. Higher concentrations yielded lower IFT values because of the increase in carboxylic-group concentration. We found that the high-pH chelating agents increased the negative value of zeta potential, which will change the rock toward more water-wet.
Study on Bayes Discriminant Analysis of EEG Data
Authors: Shi Yuan , He DanDan , Qin Fang
Published: April 2015

Objective:

In this paper, we have done Bayes Discriminant analysis to EEG data of experiment objects which are recorded impersonally come up with a relatively accurate method used in feature extraction and classification decisions.

Methods:

In accordance with the strength of α wave, the head electrodes are divided into four species. In use of part of 21 electrodes EEG data of 63 people, we have done Bayes Discriminant analysis to EEG data of six objects. Results in use of part of EEG data of 63 people, we have done Bayes Discriminant analysis, the electrode classification accuracy rates is 64.4%.

Conclusions:

Bayes Discriminant has higher prediction accuracy, EEG features (mainly α wave) extract more accurate. Bayes Discriminant would be better applied to the feature extraction and classification decisions of EEG data.
Mental Health Mobile Apps: From Infusion to Diffusion in the Mental Health Social System
Authors: East Marlene Lynette , Havard Byron C
Published: April 2015

The roles of mental health educators and professionals in the diffusion of mental health mobile apps are addressed in this viewpoint article. Mental health mobile apps are emerging technologies that fit under the broad heading of mobile health (mHealth). mHealth, encompassed within electronic health (eHealth), reflects the use of mobile devices for the practice of public health. Well-designed mental health mobile apps that present content in interactive, engaging, and stimulating ways can promote cognitive learning, personal growth, and mental health enhancement. As key influencers in the mental health social system, counselor educators and professional associations may either help or hinder diffusion of beneficial mHealth technologies.
As mental health mobile apps move towards ubiquity, research will continue to be conducted. The studies published thus far, combined with the potential of mental health mobile apps for learning and personal growth, offer enough evidence to compel mental health professionals to infuse these technologies into education and practice. Counselor educators and professional associations must use their influential leadership roles to train students and practitioners in how to research, evaluate, and integrate mental health mobile apps into practice.

The objectives of this article are to (1) increase awareness of mHealth and mental health mobile apps, (2) demonstrate the potential for continued growth in mental health mobile apps based on technology use and acceptance theory, mHealth organizational initiatives, and evidence about how humans learn, (3) discuss evidence-based benefits of mental health mobile apps, (4) examine the current state of mHealth diffusion in the mental health profession, and (5) offer solutions for impelling innovation diffusion by infusing mental health mobile apps into education, training, and clinical settings. This discussion has implications for counselor educators, mental health practitioners, associations, continuing education providers, and app developers.
A meta-analysis platform methodology for determining the comparative effectiveness of antihepatitis C virus regimens
Authors: Broglio Kristine R , Daar Eric S , Quintana Melanie , Yuan Yong , Kalsekar Anupama , Spellberg Brad , Lewis Roger J , van den Akker Dane , Detry Michelle A , Le Trong , Berry Scott M
Published: April 2015

Aim:Many hepatitis C virus regimens are unlikely to be compared head to head. In more difficult to treat populations where there is no standard of care, trials are single arm. We describe a flexible meta-analysis platform in this setting.Methods:Our meta-analysis is literature based. We illustrate our methodology and show how inference can be extended to single-arm trials.Results:As an example, in the single arm setting, a regimen with response rates of 84, 72 and 54% in genotype 1a across treatment naive, previous partial responders and previous null responders, respectively, would have 95% probability of superiority to IFN-α + RBV + TPV.Conclusion:This is a rigorous approach to comparative effectiveness that accounts for varying patient populations and plans for the incorporation of emerging treatments.
Heparin and related drugs for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis: subcutaneous or intravenous continuous infusion?
Authors: Izadpanah Mandana , Khalili Hossein , Dashti-Khavidaki Simin , Mohammadi Mostafa
Published: April 2015

In this article, the most evidenced approaches of unfractionated heparin administration for prevention of venous thromboembolism in medical and surgical hospitalized patients will be reviewed. Present data were collected by searching Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE, Science direct, Clinical trials and Cochrane database systematic reviews. Subcutaneous low doses of unfractionated heparin (10000–15000 IU) in two or three divided doses per day are commonly administrated for venous thromboembolism prevention in different medical and surgical populations. In some populations such as obese surgical and critically ill patients, due to altered pharmacokinetics behavior of unfractionated heparin, continuous intravenous infusion of the low doses of unfractionated heparin has been proposed.
Footnote in a global history: On histories of feminisms
Authors: Zaharijevic Adriana
Published: April 2015

The paper attempts to offer an alternative reading of the history of Yugoslav
feminism. It focuses on birth and development of feminism during socialism,
and its aftermath in times of war and disintegration of the common state.
What were the trajectories of feminism that emerged in a socialist state?
What were its chosen paths when both socialism and the state ceased to exist?
The conceptual framework the paper uses draws upon the notion of citizenship
regime, which offers a more intricate picture then those customarily used in
elaborations of (post-)Yugoslav feminism - either those that compare feminism
and nationalism, or those that rely on the wider comparison of feminism and
capitalism. In the light of the latter remark, Nancy Fraser?s article
?Feminism, Capitalism, and the Cunning of History? proved to be valuable for
the argument on the complexities of (post-) Yugoslav feminism. Thus, the
paper calls for a meticulous reading of the paradoxes of the local history of
feminism.
Novel Association Between Immune-Mediated Susceptibility Loci and Persistent Autoantibody Positivity in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Brorsson Caroline A. , Onengut Suna , Chen Wei-Min , Wenzlau Janet , Yu Liping , Baker Peter , Williams Alistair J.K. , Bingley Polly J. , Hutton John C. , Eisenbarth George S. , Concannon Patrick , Rich Stephen S. , Pociot Flemming ,   for the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium
Published: April 2015

Islet autoantibodies detected at disease onset in patients with type 1 diabetes are signs of an autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing β-cells. To further investigate the genetic determinants of autoantibody positivity, we performed dense immune-focused genotyping on the Immunochip array and tested for association with seven disease-specific autoantibodies in a large cross-sectional cohort of 6,160 type 1 diabetes–affected siblings. The genetic association with positivity for GAD autoantibodies (GADAs), IA2 antigen (IA-2A), zinc transporter 8, thyroid peroxidase, gastric parietal cells (PCAs), tissue transglutaminase, and 21-hydroxylase was tested using a linear mixed-model regression approach to simultaneously control for population structure and family relatedness. Four loci were associated with autoantibody positivity at genome-wide significance. Positivity for GADA was associated with 3q28/LPP, for IA-2A with 1q23/FCRL3 and 11q13/RELA, and for PCAs with 2q24/IFIH1. The 3q28 locus showed association after only 3 years duration and might therefore be a marker of persistent GADA positivity. The 1q23, 11q13, and 2q24 loci were associated with autoantibodies close to diabetes onset and constitute candidates for early screening. Major susceptibility loci for islet autoantibodies are separate from type 1 diabetes risk, which may have consequences for intervention strategies to reduce autoimmunity.
Effect of process parameters on the formation of laser-induced nanoparticles during material processing with continuous solid-state lasers
Authors: Scholz T. , Dickmann K. , Ostendorf A. , Uphoff H. , Michalewicz M.
Published: April 2015

During laser material processing with high laser beam intensities, a laser-induced vapor formation can occur. Due to the shockwave behavior of the vapor plume and the associated rapid cooling, a significant particle formation can be initiated by nucleation. The laser radiation interacts with the particles which can result in a dynamic change of the intensity distribution on the surface. Especially in the field of laser remote processing, the attenuation of laser radiation by nanoparticles can influence the process stability and reduce the processing quality. The presented work is focused on the particle formation at a height of 10 mm above the material surface during the laser welding of stainless steel with a fiber laser. The laser beam intensity on the surface was varied between 1.3 and 5.1 MW/cm2. Transmission electron microscopy images of the nanoparticles and high speed images of the vapor propagation in the ambient atmosphere were analyzed. The attenuation of a probe beam in the vapor plume was evaluated in dependence on the wavelength. The results indicate a linear connection between the laser beam power and the particle formation rate.
JOSPT's Board Names Dr Haxby Abbott Editor-in-Chief Elect
Authors: Nyland John A.
Published: April 2015

On behalf of JOSPT's Board of Directors, President John A. Nyland is pleased to announce that J. Haxby Abbott, DPT, PhD, FNZCP, has accepted the position of editor-in-chief for JOSPT. He succeeds Guy G. Simoneau, PT, PhD, ATC, who has served in this role since the January 2002 issue.

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(4):240–241. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.0106
Genetic modeling of feed intake
Authors: David I. , Ruesche J. , Drouilhet L. , Garreau H. , Gilbert H.
Published: April 2015

With the development of automatic self-feeders and electronic identification, automated, repeated measurements of individual feed intake (FI) and BW are becoming available in more species. Consequently, genetic models for longitudinal data need to be applied to study FI or related traits. To handle this type of data, several flexible mixed-model approaches exist such as character process (CPr), structured antedependence (SAD), or random regression (RR) models. The objective of this study was to compare how these different approaches estimate both the covariance structure between successive measurements of FI and genetic parameters and their ability to predict future performances in 3 species (rabbits, ducks, and pigs). Results were consistent between species. It was found that the SAD and CPr models fit the data better than the RR models. Estimations of genetic and phenotypic correlation matrices were quite consistent between SAD and CPr models, whereas correlations estimated with the RR model were not. Structured antedependence and CPr models provided, as expected and in accordance with previous studies, a decrease of the correlations with the time interval between measurements. The changes in heritability with time showed the same trend for the SAD and RR models but not for the CPr model. Our results show that, in comparison with the CPr model, the SAD and RR models have the advantage of providing stable predictions of future phenotypes 1 wk forward whatever the number of observations used to estimate the parameters. Therefore, to study repeated measurements of FI, the SAD approach seems to be very appropriate in terms of genetic selection and real-time managements of animals.
The “Representative Bureaucracy” in Education
Authors: Grissom Jason A. , Kern Emily C. , Rodriguez Luis A.
Published: April 2015

Bureaucratic representation—the idea that a governmental organization is better situated to serve its clients when its employee composition reflects that of its client population—has received considerable scholarly attention in the study of public institutions in the fields of political science and public administration. In a wide variety of settings, this research has demonstrated important connections between the racial, ethnic, and gender composition of the public sector workforce and how different groups—particularly traditionally underserved groups—interact with street-level bureaucrats and benefit from public services. Although scholars in those fields long ago recognized that the public school system is a large bureaucracy with diverse street-level bureaucrats (teachers) and clients (students and parents) and thus began studying bureaucratic representation in the context of schools, the concept and the causal mechanisms it hypothesizes remain largely unfamiliar to education researchers. This article synthesizes the main ideas from the bureaucratic representation literature and demonstrates their applicability to schooling outcomes—including discipline, gifted assignment, special education, and student achievement—with the goal of opening up new avenues for education research into the mechanisms linking demographic similarity among educators and students to schooling outputs and outcomes.
Generational Differences in Academic Achievement Among Immigrant Youths
Authors: Duong Mylien T. , Badaly Daryaneh , Liu Freda F. , Schwartz David , McCarty Carolyn A.
Published: April 2015

Research on generational differences in immigrant youths’ academic achievement has yielded conflicting findings. This meta-analysis reconciles discrepant findings by testing meta-analytic moderators. Fifty-three studies provided 74 comparisons on academic outcomes. First- and second-generation youths did not significantly differ on academic achievement (Hedges’s g = .01), and second-generation students performed slightly better than third-or-later–generation peers (g = .12). Moderation tests indicated that second-generation immigrants outperformed first-generation students on standardized tests (g = .20) and earned better grades than third-or-later–generation peers (g = .20). Immigrant advantage was stronger for Asian, low-socioeconomic, and community samples. Immigrant advantage may be overestimated in studies that use self-reported rather than school-reported achievement. Together, our results suggest a small, heterogeneous second-generation immigrant advantage that varies by immigrant population and study characteristics.
Analysis of industrial conditions during multi-stage cooling of C70D high-carbon steel wire rod
Authors: Laber Konrad , Dyja Henryk , Koczurkiewicz Bartosz
Published: April 2015

An analysis of the parameters of multi-stage controlled strip cooling during the process of rolling of 5.5 mm-diameter C70D high-carbon steel wire rod has been made in this publication. Investigations included also the analysis of the flow rate of the cooling medium and its pressure in the devices for accelerated and controlled cooling of the strip directly in the rolling line, as well as in the STELMOR line. The investigations carried out within the study have determined the cooling capacity of the accelerated strip cooling devices for specific (preset) cooling conditions. The scope of the investigations also encompassed the analysis of the effect of the employed cooling conditions on the temperature distribution and on the properties and microstructure of the steel studied. Moreover, physical modeling of the currently applicable technology of rolling the investigated steel grade was also performed.
Effect of alkaline treatment on physico-mechanical properties of black rice husk ash filled polypropylene biocomposites
Authors: Shamsuri Ahmad Adlie , Sudari Ahmad Khuzairi , Zainudin Edi Syams , Ghazali Mazlina
Published: April 2015

Alkaline treatment of the black rice husk ash (BRHA) was done by immersing BRHA in 8 % sodium hydroxide, NaOH, solution for 24 hours and then the treated BRHA (TBRHA) was neutralized, washed and dried in an oven. The TBRHA was subsequently compounded with the polypropylene (PP) by using single screw extruder machine, and followed by compression molding at 185 °C. The physical properties results showed that the density and the water absorption behavior of the TBRHA filled PP biocomposite (TBRHA-PP) are higher and lower, respectively, when compared with the untreated BRHA filled PP biocomposites (UBRHA-PP). The melt flow index value of the TBRHA-PP biocomposite is also higher in comparison with the UBRHA-PP biocomposites. The mechanical properties results exhibited that the tensile stress, tensile strain, flexural modulus and impact strength of the TBRHA-PP biocomposite are higher than of the UBRHA-PP biocomposites. However, the tensile modulus of the TBRHA-PP biocomposite is slightly lower as compared with the UBRHA-PP biocomposites. Therefore, it could be concluded that the alkaline treatment of the BRHA has improved some of the physico-mechanical properties of the BRHA filled PP biocomposites.
Effect of cryogenic treatment on the microstructure and wear behavior of a T-42 tool steel
Authors: Singh Lakhwinder Pal , Singh Jagtar
Published: April 2015

The cryogenic treatment process is carried out at sub-zero temperatures down to −184 °C to modify the microstructure and properties of the material. This process is an extension of heat treatment which further improves the properties of the material. This publication focuses on the effect of cryogenic treatment on high speed steel (HSS) T-42 tool material. In this research, cryogenic treatment at −184 °C is conducted and the properties of the material compared with them of untreated material. As the temperature is decreased, microstructure of material is refined and a higher number of carbide precipitates appeared on the surface after the treatment. The microstructural changes result in improvement of properties of HSS, (T-42) tool material. Pin-on-disc wear test is conducted on untreated (UT) HSS and cryogenic treated (CT) HSS specimens. It is observed that the average wear rate of UT-HSS and CT-HSS samples is 6.8 × 10−8 mm3/Nm and 4.1 × 10−8 mm3/Nm, respectively. The average wear rate has been improved by 39.71 % for CT-HSS compared to UT-HSS tool material.
Application of the response surface methodology in the ball burnishing process for the prediction and analysis of surface hardness of the aluminum alloy AA 7075
Authors: Kahraman Funda
Published: April 2015

In this study, AA 7075 aluminum alloy has been burnished using different burnishing parameters such as burnishing force, number of passes, feed rate and burnishing speed with a ball burnishing apparatus. Burnishing parameters, which affect the surface hardness, were examined using response surface methodology with rotatable central composite design and analysis of variance. Using the experimental results, a regression model has been developed to predict surface hardness. The statistical analysis showed that, burnishing force and number of passes have the most significant effect on surface hardness. These results, which were obtained from the regression model, are highly consistent with the experiments. The absolute average error between the experimental and predicted values for surface hardness was calculated as 2.79 %. The results of our study show that response surface methodology is a suitable technique that can be efficiently used to predict surface hardness in ball burnishing process.
The Root Caused Analysis of Leakaged Heat Exchanger Tube
Authors: Shamsudin S. R. , Harun M. , Yazid H. , Noor M. Mohd , Salleh M. A. A. Mohd , Rahmat A.
Published: April 2015

AISI type 316L stainless steel was used as a heat exchanger tube material in an inter-cooler column. After less than a year of operation, severe corrosion failures occurred and a transverse opening leakage was observed on one of the heat exchanger tubes. The failed tube was carefully analyzed using various metallurgical laboratory equipments. The root cause of the tube leakage was believed due to the presence of horizontal micro and macro pores as a hydrogen gas entrapment during casting of the parent ingot. The overlapped and gaping pores formed notch on the shell side of the tube surface, and it increasingly evident when the use of a high-energy water-jet and metal brush as cleaning procedure results in an establishment of pitting type local-action corrosion cells penetrated the tube wall. As a result, corrosive fluid in the tube side dissolved into the cooling water, accelerating the corrosion process.
Pooled data analysis on anterior versus posterior approach for rheumatoid arthritis at the craniovertebral junction
Authors: Chieng Lee Onn , Madhavan Karthik , Vanni Steven
Published: April 2015

OBJECT

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most debilitating autoimmune diseases affecting the craniovertebral junction (CVJ). Patients predominantly present with myelopathic symptoms and intractable neck pain. The surgical approach traditionally has been either a combined anterior and posterior approach or a posterior-only approach. In this article, the authors review pooled data from the literature and discuss the benefits of the two types of approaches.

METHODS

A search of the PubMed database was conducted using key words that describe spine deformities in RA and specific spinal interventions. The authors evaluated the neurological outcomes based on the Ranawat scale in both the groups through chi-square analysis. Multiple logistic regression was carried out to further examine for potential confounders. Any adverse sequalae resulting from either approach were also documented. Because all the procedures performed via a transoral approach in the analyzed articles also involved posterior fixation, for convenience of comparison, the combined procedures are referred to as “anterior approach” or “anterior-posterior” in the present study.

RESULTS

The search yielded 233 articles, of which 11 described anterior approaches and 14 evaluated posterior approaches. The statistical analysis showed that patients treated with a posterior approach fared better than those treated with an anterior (combined) approach. It was noted that those patients in whom the cervical subluxations were reducible on traction predominantly underwent posterior approaches.

CONCLUSIONS

CVJ instability is a serious complication of RA that requires surgical intervention. Although the anterior-posterior combined approach can provide direct decompression, it is associated with morbidity, and the analysis showed no statistically significant benefit to patients. In contrast, the posterior approach has been shown to provide statistically significant superiority with respect to stabilization and subsequent pannus reduction. Surgical approaches are undertaken based on the reducibility of subluxations with traction and the vector of compressive force. However, the choice of surgical approach should be based on the individual patient's pathology.
Incidence And Outcome of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically ill Children at Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya
Authors: Prasetyo Risky Vitria , Saraswati Putu Dian , Kamaya Idaa Shinta , Sudjito Septria Erlitarini , Kurniawan Muhammad Riza , Lestari Dwi Putri , Kusumastuti Neurinda Permata , Dharmawati Ira , Kushartono Hari , Soemyarso Ninik Asmaningsih , Azis Abdul Latief , Noer Mohammad Sjaifullah
Published: April 2015

Background: The development of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients, or AKI children worsened to be critically ill, is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Early detection on AKI improves its poor outcome in those children. To study the incidence and correlate the outcome of critically ill children with AKI in children admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) at Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya. Methodology: We prospectively studied children admitted to PICU during 15 January to 14 April 2014. Demographic data including age and sex, PICU indications, and AKI staging were recorded. All data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and chi-square test (P<0.05). Results: A total of 119 children were admitted to PICU during study period. Among those, 63 children were excluded for being <3 months old, had end-stage kidney disease or complex cardiac problem, and children underwent cardiac catheterization. The remaining 56 (47.1%) were studied further, mean age was 49.7 (SD 46.2) months, male-to-female ratio was 1.2:1. Indication for PICU admission was dominated by shock (35.7%), followed by central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction in 13 (23.2%) and respiratory failure in 12 (21.4%) children. AKI was noted in 15 (26.8%) children, mostly (10.7%) in Injury stage with 5 (8.9%) in Risk and 4 (7.1%) in Failure stages. Twelve (21.4%) children died, 7 (58.3%) had AKI with 3 (25.0%) each in Risk and Failure stages while 1 (8.3%) in Injury (P<0.05). Conclusion: The incidence of AKI was moderate in critically ill children but significantly associated with mortality rate. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v38i3.22818 Bangladesh J Child Health 2014; VOL 38 (3) :120-123
Effects of different suture patterns and materials on healing of incised skin wounds in cattle
Authors: Islam MA , Juyena NS , Ferdousy RN , Mamun MAA
Published: April 2015

Studies on skin closure techniques are scarce in veterinary practice. The aesthetic result of a skin suture is hardly considered in ruminants. This study was designed to compare the morphological characteristics and outcome of incised skin wounds closed with three suture patterns using two suture materials. Simple interrupted (SI), cross mattress (CM) and horizontal mattress (HM) suture patterns were used with nylon and silk to close incised skin wounds. A total of 54 surgical wounds were made in nine cattle. Follow-up information was obtained up to day 30 postoperatively. Area of wound, elevation of suture line from the skin surface, width of suture area and contraction length per week was recorded. Silk caused more tissue reaction and suture marks than nylon. Simple interrupted suture produced good apposition but showed suture marks. Horizontal mattress caused marked tissue swelling, inflammation, sloughing of cutting edges due to prominent eversion and strangulation of cutting edges and produced prominent scar. Cross mattress produced good apposition with sufficient eversion of cutting edges and good cosmetic appearance with fewer suture marks. It is suggested that cross mattress pattern with nylon could be a better choice for closing skin wounds in ruminants. This study could help veterinary surgeons to consider appropriate suture technique and materials for skin closure. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v31i1.22840 Bangl. vet. 2014. Vol. 31, No. 1, 27-37
Peeping at nature with the Reverend Charles A. Hall FRMS (1872–1965)
Authors: Moore P. G.
Published: April 2015

Attention is drawn to the contents, pedagogic style and visual appeal of the 17-volume “Peeps at nature” series published by A. & C. Black between 1911 and 1935. Edited by the Reverend Charles Albert Hall (a Swedenborgian minister), who also contributed most of the titles, this series was a quality production but one that was cheap enough to be readily accessible to young readers. Its volumes were written in simple language and included colour pictures. With time, the flamboyant artistry of the covers that so characterized the earlier volumes was replaced by more muted designs, possibly to reduce production costs. Later contributors abandoned anthropomorphism and the moralizing tone of many nineteenth-century popularizers of natural history, although styles of writing varied between the early and later contributors to the series, becoming less technical with time.
History of the extant museum specimens of the Faroese white-speckled raven
Authors: Van Grouw H. , Bloch D.
Published: April 2015

The white-speckled raven, a colour aberration of the Faroese raven Corvus corax varius Brünnich, 1764 , has occurred on the Faroe Islands since at least the Middle Ages, and was always prized by collectors. In the second half of the nineteenth century while the Faroese raven population as a whole was suffering intense persecution, pied individuals were even more severely hunted, and were extinct by the beginning of the twentieth century. Details of twenty six specimens found in museum collections are given in this paper, as well as an overview of collectors on the Faroes who may have collected specimens.
Review of the mounted skins and skulls of the extinct Falkland Islands wolf,Dusicyon australis, held in museum collections
Authors: Jansen J. J. F. J. , van der Mije S. D.
Published: April 2015

Only nine skins of the extinct Falkland Islands wolf, Dusicyon australis, are currently known in museum collections. In this article we present the results of locating these specimens with a special focus on the origins of two mounted skins in Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden and in the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. Although only a few specimens were collected, their history is far more complicated than initially thought, and most of their documentary records are fragmented or lost.
Jan Černý’sKnieha lekarska(1517): closing a gap in the history of printed illustrated herbals
Authors: Funk Holger
Published: April 2015

The first original illustrated herbal in the post-incunabula period after 1501 was Knieha lekarska by the Bohemian physician Jan Černý (c.1456–1530), written in Czech but printed in Nuremberg, Germany, in 1517. This work is missing in nearly all histories of illustrated herbals and, if mentioned, it is never systematically evaluated. The present paper introduces the author and analyses his work with respect to the tradition of early herbals, questioning the opinion that no remarkable herbal was produced in the first two decades of the sixteenth century.
Maîtrise de l'eau et mutations récentes dans le district de Mandya (Etat de Karnataka, Inde) (Water management and recent changes in Mandya district, Karnataka state, India)
Authors: Singaravélou J.
Published: April 2015

Résumé. - La région de Mandya, dans le Sud de l'Etat de Karnataka, est un secteur d'ancien peuplement et de fortes densités humaines. Cette région sèche, irriguée traditionnellement par tanks, l'est aujourd'hui essentiellement par canaux, à partir de la Kavéri et de ses affluents. Cette irrigation moderne a entraîné un essor économique, des mutations sociales, et des inégalités régionales.
Essai d'évaluation de la charge biotique sur le plateau de Mysore. L'exemple du bassin versant du Tore Halla (An attempt to assess the biotic pressure in the Tore Halla watershed, Mysore)
Authors: Monnier Yves , Petit Michel , Rao Chalapathi
Published: April 2015

Abstract. - This attempt to assess what is taken out of the biophysical environment, and its consequences on the dynamics of the landscape, in a small watershed, reveals the function of human activities as the leading element of the biotic pressure. Those human activities convey a real inversion in the distribution of the plant biomass which persists in the form of a park, made of useful trees kept around the villages, and tends to disappear in the non cultivated lands, yet classified as reserved forest.
Les consommations de bois de feu dans un village du district de Coorg (Karnataka, Inde) (Consumption of firewood in an indian village. District of Coorg, Karnataka)
Authors: Schar Philippe
Published: April 2015

Résumé. - Bien que le bois de feu soit une énergie abondante et gratuite, les consommations moyennes des familles varient du simple au double en fonction de leur condition économique. La consommation moyenne villageoise s'élève à 1 028 kg par habitant et par an, dont 62,4 % utilisés à la cuisson des aliments et 25,5 % à réchauffement de l'eau. Le reste sert à couvrir les besoins d'origine culturelle de la population tribale. Les besoins annuels du village sont de l'ordre de 995 t, dont 84, 7 % proviennent des collectes effectuées dans les forêts gouvernementales adjacentes. Les programmes de foresterie sociale ne paraissent pas avoir l'impact nécessaire pour réduire cette dépendance.
L'Anticyclone mobile Polaire : facteur premier de la climatologie tempérée (The Polar mobile Anticyclone : first factor of temperate climatology)
Authors: Leroux M.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. - The temperate climatology is seen through the so-called «norvegian » school of thought, based on «frontology», in other words upon the study of disturbances. In spite of meteorological satellites pictures using, these already former methods remain strangely living, particularly in the french literature devoted to this speciality. However they strongly suffer of insufficiencies and ambiguities, essentially because they do not include the cause of phenomena, as far as they are deliberately ignorant of the motor of temperate disturbances. The purpose of this paper is, briefly and simply, to present the first factor of the evolution of weather and of the climatic determination of temperate zone, as is to say the Polar mobile Anticyclone.
Quelques considérations sur les activités de pointe (About the High Tech industries)
Authors: Benko Georges
Published: April 2015

Résumé. - Cet article est une analyse de l'industrie de pointe. Il propose une définition, présente différents types de centres de développement, examine les éléments de la localisation des industries de high-tech. Il montre le cycle de vie du produit, et discute la théorie des vagues économiques.
Ruissellement et érosion sur les versants du flysch d'après les résultats de parcelles expérimentales (Overland flow and washing on the flysch slopes on the basis of experimental field studies)
Authors: Gil Eugeniusz
Published: April 2015

Abstract. - The aim of this paper is to present the rate of the present-day erosion on flysch slopes, after the results of measures in the Research Station of the Institute of Geography, Polish Academy of Sciences, in Szymbark. The vegetation cover is very important in the slope protection against erosion : the largest magnitude of washing is recorded on the plots with potatoes (21,8 t/ha, against 2,37 t/ha with winter crops, 0,11 t/ha in meadows and 0,03 t/ha in the forests). The overland flow and washing are the largest during the summer season.
Recherches sur l'origine et la production de la charge en suspension (Methods of investigation of the relationships between sediment sources and sediment yields)
Authors: Froehlich Wojciech
Published: April 2015

Résumé. - Cet article étudie l'origine de la charge transportée en suspension dans un petit bassin-versant expérimental des Carpathes. Il met en évidence l'importance déterminante des chemins non empierrés, qui fournissent de 70 à 80 % de la charge annuelle. Le rôle des ravins est moindre, et celui du ruissellement diffus très limité (environ 1 %).
Climat, société et politique (Climate, society and politics)
Authors: Péguy Charles-Pierre
Published: April 2015

Abstract. - Climatology is considered as a social science. Its objectives and its means depend on societies and states form. Thus, there are «climatologies». Our 1986' s climatology represents a stage both in a technical and in a political evolution.