bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Women’s lifetime reproductive profiles and frailty among aging individuals in the USA and the Philippines
Authors: Escasa-Dorne Michelle , Zoorob Ronza
Published: July 2022

Frailty, particularly traits which are related to sex steroid hormone production, results from the age-associated decline in function considered to be part of the typical aging process. This process may vary with influences including environmental, biological, or lifestyle factors. An area of concern that has received relatively little attention is the impact of cumulative lifetime changes in sex steroid hormones related to the traits we see that typify the human aging process. Women’s lifetime reproductive profiles include menstrual/ovulatory cycles, gestation, and lactation, all of which respond to changes in sex steroid hormone levels. Here, we review data on reproductive profiles and risks of frailty among post-menopausal women. In the current study, our team collected reproductive histories of women to determine the estimated number of lifetime reproductive cycles (ELC). We interviewed 44 women in the USA and 67 women in the Philippines aged 65 years plus to obtain data on reproductive cycles, pregnancy, and breastfeeding. Participants completed several frailty tasks including grip strength, a sit-to-stand test, and gait speed. While ELC was not associated with frailty in the US population, higher ELC was associated with lower frailty among the Philippine population. The current study should be considered as an exploratory project investigating field-friendly methods to use when considering lifetime reproductive histories and the influence on the aging process.
Imported cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Cuba, 2017: role of human movement
Authors: Monzote Lianet , González Daniel , Blanco Orestes , Fraga Jorge , Capó Virginia , Herrera Alberto , Montalvo Ana Margarita
Published: July 2022

Background

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by several species from genusLeishmania. An increase in the number of cases related to human movement has been informed in the last years. Due to the increase of suspicious leishmaniasis cases arriving in Cuba during 2017, a general analysis is presented herein.

Methods

Clinical samples were collected from 5 patients suspicious of leishmaniasis, received from January to December 2017 at the Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí, Cuba. Skin lesion samples were analyzed using different diagnostic assays: direct smear, histological examination, and molecular analysis for species identification. Epidemiological and demographic data were requested from each case and analyzed. Treatment and follow up of patient was also performed.

Results

Five cases were confirmed asLeishmaniainfection according to microscopic observation and molecular methods results. PCR-18S, PCR-N/RFLP and PCR-F/RFLP identified the following species:L. panamensis(2 cases),L. braziliensis(1 case),L.panamensis/L.guyanensis(1 case),L. mexicanacomplex (1 case). In treated patients, drugs were well tolerated, cure were documented and no relapse have been currently reported (3 years later).

Conclusions

Clinical characteristics, demographic data, and epidemiological features of infection for each case evidence the potential risk related with travel to endemic areas of leishmaniasis.

Keyworks

Cutaneous leishmaniasis, Epidemiology, Imported cases.
Grasses are able to harbor the oversummering of urediospores and the overwintering of teliospores of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in China
Authors: Qin Jianfeng , Wang Zhiyan , Lv Yanjie , Kang Zhensheng , Zhao Jie
Published: July 2022

Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), the cause of wheat stripe rust, is a biotrophic and heteroecious rust fungus with five spore types. Cool and humid climatic conditions are conducive for the development of wheat stripe rust, and in turn, temperatures above 22 °C limit or even cease the disease. The survival of Pst during summer after wheat harvest is responsible for the infection on autumn-sown wheat to maintain disease cycle all the year round. Teliospores formed at late stage of wheat growth are essential for initiating sexual reproduction in spring. Although Chinese native grasses have been experimentally testified as susceptible hosts for Pst and teliospores produced on wheat have been shown to be potential inoculum sources causing infection on alternate hosts (mainly Berberis) in spring, the roles of grass hosts in harboring the survival of urediospores and teliospores of Pst and promoting the emergence of diverse races under field conditions in China have not been known. Herein, Gansu, as a hotspot and an important oversummering region for Pst, was exemplified to demonstrate these roles of grass hosts. As a result, 63 Pst isolates, derived from 2184 uredial samples collected from grass hosts during harvesting period (from mid-June to mid-to-late July) and seeding period (mid to late September) in 2012 and 2013, were identified as 52 diverse phenotypes (82.5%) on the Chinese differential hosts. Subsequently, after inoculation of barberry, 52 Pst isolates with high infection type, 20 known races and 32 new races, were recovered from 1,712 single aecium, which are derived from 35 telial samples of grass hosts. Our experiments showed that Pst urediospores can oversummer on grass species in Gansu or other oversummering regions with similar ecological and climatic conditions. Pst teliospores, which are produced on these grass hosts, are important inoculum source for barberry infection in spring. Therefore, treatment of grasses hosts should be taken into consideration in management of wheat stripe rust.
Social support for and features of Chinese adults with epilepsy
Authors: Zhong Rui , Zhang Hanyu , Han Yujuan , Guo Xin , Lin Weihong
Published: July 2022

Background

The lack of social support for adults with epilepsy (AWEs) is receiving increased attention, as it may result in low quality of life. This study was aimed to confirm the demographic characteristics of and clinical factors associated with social support for AWEs.

Methods

AWEs were consecutively recruited from our hospital. The 10-term Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) was used to measure social support. A linear regression analysis with stepwise selection was performed to analyze the independent variables associated with social support for AWEs.

Results

In total, 165 AWEs were consecutively included in the present study. Linear regression analysis showed that the marital status (t = -3.550, β = -0.272, P = 0.001), the age at onset (t = 2.545, β = 0.192, P = 0.012), and the QOLIE-31 score (t = 3.144, β = 0.221, P = 0.002) were independent variables associated with social support for AWEs.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the poor social support is associated with childhood onset of epilepsy and the unmarried status. This study also confirmed a negative influence of low social support on quality of life in AWEs.
Association of preoperative variables of ipsilateral hip abductor muscles with gait function after total hip arthroplasty: a retrospective study
Authors: Yasuda Tadashi , Ota Satoshi , Yamashita Shinnosuke , Tsukamoto Yoshihiro , Onishi Eijiro
Published: July 2022

Background

This study aimed to identify the association of preoperative variables of ipsilateral hip abductors with gait function after total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods

This study enrolled 42 patients who underwent unilateral primary THA for osteoarthritis. Gait speed and Timed Up-and-Go test were conducted 6 months postoperatively. Preoperative composition of the glutei medius and minimus and the upper portion of gluteus maximus was evaluated by computed tomography. Cross-sectional area ratio of individual composition to the total muscle was calculated. Preoperative variables associated with gait speed and Timed Up-and-Go test after THA were identified by using stepwise regression analysis.

Results

Faster gait speed and shorter Timed Up-and-Go test correlated with smaller cross-sectional area of low-density lean tissue or intramuscular adipose tissue (low-density lean tissue plus intramuscular fat) in the glutei medius and minimus and lower cross-sectional area ratio of low-density lean tissue to the total glutei medius and minimus. Faster gait speed and shorter Timed Up-and-Go test also correlated with larger cross-sectional area of lean muscle mass in the gluteus maximus, higher cross-sectional area ratio of lean muscle mass to the total gluteus maximus, and lower cross-sectional area ratio of intramuscular fat or intramuscular adipose tissue to the total gluteus maximus. Faster gait speed additionally correlated with larger total cross-sectional area of the gluteus maximus. Regression analysis showed that the total cross-sectional area of the gluteus maximus and the low-density lean tissue cross-sectional area of the glutei medius and minimus were the explanatory variables of gait speed and Timed Up-and-Go test after THA, respectively.

Conclusions

There was a potential association between preoperative composition of ipsilateral hip abductors and gait function 6 months after THA. This study indicates a predictive role of preoperative assessment of ipsilateral hip abductor composition in the recovery of gait function after THA.
CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND AGRICULTURAL SECTOR: POINTS OF CONTACT AND PROSPECTS OF SYMBIOSIS
Authors: Suchkov Dmitry K. , Gavrilyeva Nadezhda K. , Grigoriev Alexander V. , Gogolev Gennady D.
Published: July 2022

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the fact that in the modern agricultural sector in general the development of economic relations is carried out on a linear principle across countries, the motto of which is the triad “get-recycle-utilize”. However, in modern conditions, the most relevant is the organization of economic relations in the agricultural sector based on the principle of sustainable use of all components of renewable resources, in this regard, innovative business models are needed that determine how to process what is currently considered waste.

The problem of the study lies in the fact that during the transition of agricultural enterprises to relationships within a circular economy, it is necessary to take into account certain factors that determine both success and risk. This should include technical, logistical, economic, financial and marketing, organizational and spatial, institutional and legal, environmental, social and cultural factors. At the same time, the specific factors for the agricultural sector are innovative conversion technologies, flexible internal and external logistics, joint investments in R&D, price competitiveness, etc.

The purpose of the study is to consider the points of contact and prospects for the symbiosis of the circular economy and the agricultural sector.

In the analysis of the material, comparative research methods were used, the consideration of the research topic was carried out on the basis of an analysis of sources and publications covering the main conceptual foundations of the development of the circular economy and the agro-industrial complex.

The authors concluded that while several success factors are also crucial for closed-loop business models in general, some of them are very specific to those evaluating agricultural waste and by-products.
METABOLIC SYNDROME: ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY OF LIFE, ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN PATIENTS
Authors: Moskalenko Olga L. , Smirnova Olga V. , Kasparov Eduard V. , Kasparova Irina E.
Published: July 2022

Rationale. The article examines the assessment of the quality of life, psychological state (anxiety-depressive disorders, neurosis-like states) in patients with metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in different countries is 25-30% and varies depending on the criteria used. The severity of the clinical manifestations of the metabolic syndrome affects the quality of life of patients, while the indicators of physical and mental health decrease. The problem of the quality of life of patients suffering from overweight and obesity is relevant and socially significant. Obesity leads to anxiety-depressive disorders, neurosis-like states, which contributes to a worsening of the prognosis of the underlying disease. The number of patients with chronic metabolic disorders (obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) is increasing in the world every year.

The aim of our work was to assess the quality of life, the level of anxiety and depression in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Materials and methods. The authors presented the results of a study of 60 patients with metabolic syndrome and 45 apparently healthy volunteers. Examination of patients, determination of anthropometric indicators with an assessment of the quality of life (questionnaire SF-36) were carried out. The level of anxiety and depression was determined according to the hospital scale of anxiety and depression HADS. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using the application package "STATISTICA 8.0".

Results. Most of the quality of life indicators were statistically significantly different in patients with metabolic syndrome relative to the control group. There was a decrease in the average level of the parameters "physical functioning" by 17.3%, "role functioning" by 31%, "general health" by 11.3%, "vitality" by 13%, "emotional functioning" by 50.1%. ... The level of anxiety and depression in patients with metabolic syndrome corresponded to the subclinical level, the level of depression exceeded the value of the control group by 18%.

Conclusion. The study shows that patients with metabolic syndrome are characterized by a decrease in quality of life indicators, subclinically severe anxiety / depression. The goal of any treatment, according to MAPI Research Institute specialists, is to improve the quality of life of patients to the level of healthy individuals, therefore, for patients with metabolic syndrome, along with pathogenetic therapy aimed at reducing body weight, correction of psychological disorders is required, which will reduce the level of anxiety-depressive disorders and will improve quality of life indicators.
DIGITALIZATION IN AGRICULTURE: PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Amirova Elmira F. , Gavrilyeva Nadezhda K. , Grigoriev Alexander V. , Sorgutov Ilya V.
Published: July 2022

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the fact that at the present stage the targets of modern agricultural production are concluded in the need to increase the volume of output of livestock and crop production while maintaining quality. At the same time, this topic has a certain problem field, since the growth rate of output in the industry in question is impossible today without the use of advanced technologies. In this context, the leading role belongs to the digitalization of agriculture, since only through high-tech approaches at the present stage it is possible to ensure highly competitive work of agricultural enterprises.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the problems of digitalization implementation in agriculture. In the process of writing the work, comparative, analytical methods were used, through which a number of publications and monographs of recent years were studied within the framework of the topic of this article.

The results of the study should include the justification of the need to implement a number of measures including retraining and training of personnel, synchronization of existing production processes with innovative solutions, as well as to organize the necessary financing for the implementation of these measures. It was concluded that these measures will optimize the process of digitalization of the agricultural sector and increase the productivity of agricultural enterprises.
CONCEPTUAL ASPECTS OF PRODUCING A MEDICAL EXAMINATION IN JUDICIAL APPEAL OF CONCLUSIONS HAS BEEN IMPLEMENTED ON THE RESULTS OF A MILITARY EXPERTISE
Authors: Naumov Petr Y. , Bolshakova Valentina M. , Zemlin Alexander I. , Kholikov Ivan V.
Published: July 2022

Background. The activities of military medical examination bodies is a relevant subject of research, since by their medical and legal nature they affect a wide range of citizens who are undergoing military service (service in law enforcement agencies). In relation to these persons, according to the results of a medical examination and medical examination, military medical commissions issue various types of conclusions. Since the above conclusions are a document affecting the rights and freedoms of these persons, the scope of guarantees and compensations provided depends on these decisions, they (decisions, conclusions) are subject to appeal in administrative and civil proceedings. Accordingly, the resolution of these issues may become the subject of various medical examinations in court. When conducting a military medical examination in court, the courts may encounter practical law enforcement difficulties associated with the lack of regulation of this issue in the legislation governing the conduct of military medical examination.

Materials and research methods. Based on the application of the methods of comparative jurisprudence, systemic and structural-functional analysis, the scientific literature, regulatory legal acts and court decisions on the issues of judicial appeal against the conclusions of the military medical examination are consistently studied. The analysis also examines the aspects of the appointment of a military medical examination in court, the features of the actions of the conclusions of military medical commissions in this case and their assessment as evidence in the implementation of legal proceedings.

Results. Based on the study of scientific literature, the requirements of regulatory legal acts and law enforcement practice, it is proposed to amend the Regulations on military medical examination, in order to resolve the issues of issuing an opinion by the military medical commission, in the event of a military medical examination in court. ... Currently, the specified procedure is not defined, which leads to practical difficulties for the law enforcement officer.

Conclusion. The proposed amendments to the Regulations on military medical expertise will fully resolve the issue of appointment and conduct of military medical expertise in court, as well as determine the scope of such conclusions and compensation for the cost.
REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS ASSESSMENT: PROSPECTS FOR THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX OF THE REGION
Authors: Gabdulkhakov Ramzil B. , Poltarykhin Andrey L. , Tsukanova Olga M. , Avdeev Yuri M.
Published: July 2022

Purpose. The article considers the competitiveness assessment of the region, as well as identifies priority areas to work on aimed to increase the competitiveness of the region.

Materials and methods. For the purposes of study, the methodology for assessing the regional competitiveness suggested by A.V. Antokhina was applied.

Results. The “regional competitiveness” term has been defined, as well as the main factors that affect the regional competitiveness have been considered.

Conclusion. Both the methods and techniques to assess regional competitiveness currently in use have been determined. The competitiveness assessment of the Altai Republic has been carried out, as well as the main directions to increase the competitiveness of the region have been considered.
The Square Root Agreement Rule for Incentivizing Truthful Feedback on Online Platforms
Authors: Kamble Vijay , Shah Nihar , Marn David , Parekh Abhay , Ramchandran Kannan
Published: July 2022

A major challenge in obtaining evaluations of products or services on e-commerce platforms is eliciting informative responses in the absence of verifiability. This paper proposes the square root agreement rule (SRA): a simple reward mechanism that incentivizes truthful responses to objective evaluations on such platforms. In this mechanism, an agent gets a reward for an evaluation only if the answer matches that of a peer agent, where this reward is inversely proportional to a popularity index of the answer. This index is defined to be the square root of the empirical frequency at which any two agents performing the same evaluation agree on the particular answer across evaluations of similar entities operating on the platform. Rarely agreed-on answers thus earn a higher reward than answers for which agreements are relatively more common. We show that in the many tasks regime, the truthful equilibrium under SRA is strictly payoff-dominant across large classes of natural equilibria that could arise in these settings, thus increasing the likelihood of its adoption. Although there exist other mechanisms achieving such guarantees, they either impose additional assumptions on the response distribution that are not generally satisfied for objective evaluations or they incentivize truthful behavior only if each agent performs a prohibitively large number of evaluations and commits to using the same strategy for each evaluation. SRA is the first known incentive mechanism satisfying such guarantees without imposing any such requirements. Moreover, our empirical findings demonstrate the robustness of the incentive properties of SRA in the presence of mild subjectivity or observational biases in the responses. These properties make SRA uniquely attractive for administering reward-based incentive schemes (e.g., rebates, discounts, reputation scores, etc.) on online platforms.

This paper was accepted by Kartik Hosanagar, information systems.

Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4375 .
Multiagent Online Learning in Time-Varying Games
Authors: Duvocelle Benoit , Mertikopoulos Panayotis , Staudigl Mathias , Vermeulen Dries
Published: July 2022

We examine the long-run behavior of multiagent online learning in games that evolve over time. Specifically, we focus on a wide class of policies based on mirror descent, and we show that the induced sequence of play (a) converges to a Nash equilibrium in time-varying games that stabilize in the long run to a strictly monotone limit, and (b) it stays asymptotically close to the evolving equilibrium of the sequence of stage games (assuming they are strongly monotone). Our results apply to both gradient- and payoff-based feedback—that is, when players only get to observe the payoffs of their chosen actions.

Funding: This research was partially supported by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology COST Action [Grant CA16228] “European Network for Game Theory” (GAMENET). P. Mertikopoulos is grateful for financial support by the French National Research Agency (ANR) in the framework of the “Investissements d’avenir” program [Grant ANR-15-IDEX-02], the LabEx PERSYVAL [Grant ANR-11-LABX-0025-01], MIAI@Grenoble Alpes [Grant ANR-19-P3IA-0003], and the ALIAS [Grant ANR-19-CE48-0018-01].
Identidades, Identificações e Classificações Raciais no Brasil: O Pardo e as Ações Afirmativas
Authors: Costa Eliane Silvia , Schucman Lia Vainer
Published: July 2022

Este artigo tem como propósito colaborar com a discussão sobre identidades raciais no campo da psicologia e das políticas de ações afirmativas. Para tal, fizemos uma breve discussão histórico-conceitual sobre classificações raciais brasileiras, formações de identidades raciais e identificações raciais, pois, por meio destes conceitos, pretendemos pensar o lugar do mestiço na constituição de sujeitos fenotipicamente negros e brancos. Escolhemos trazer à baila essa discussão por duas razões. A primeira refere-se ao fato de que, no Brasil, o mestiço representa uma identidade racial complexa, muitas vezes confusa, difusa, negada e afirmada. Essa temática relaciona-se a uma das dimensões mais emblemáticas do racismo à brasileira, especialmente porque dentro desse grupo há variações entre o mestiço com características nitidamente brancas e o mestiço fenotipicamente negro. A segunda e principal razão concerne ao fato de que esse tema é fundamental para que possamos compreender como essa posição intermediária se insere no debate das políticas de ações afirmativas no contexto social brasileiro contemporâneo.
Características Neuropsicológicas do Desenvolvimento de Bebês Prematuros e a Termo: uma Revisão da Literatura
Authors: Dias Luciana Brooking Teresa , Rubini Ercole Da Cruz
Published: July 2022

O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar as características neuropsicológicas do desenvolvimento no primeiro ano de bebês prematuros comparados com bebês a termo, através de uma metodologia de revisão de literatura. A busca foi realizada nas bases MEDLINE, APAPsycNet, Science Direct e SciELO, no período de 2004 a 2021, utilizando a palavra-chave "neuropsychology" combinada com "infant premature" e "premature birth". Apenas quatro estudos atenderam aos critérios de inclusão, que foram: amostras de no mínimo dez prematuros, comparados com bebês a termo de até um ano de idade; estudos com, no mínimo, uma testagem cognitiva ou de linguagem, motora e socioemocional. Os estudos encontrados relataram os seguintes resultados: foi observada uma maior reatividade nos prematuros para raiva, mas menores reatividades ao medo e a brincadeiras; foram relatados também prejuízos motores, diferenças em relação ao índice de desenvolvimento cognitivo (considerando-se a idade cronológica), assim como escores menores no desempenho audiovisual, cognitivo e de linguagem. Neste sentido, os estudos sugerem que bebês prematuros apresentam comprometimentos distintos quando comparados aos bebês nascidos a termo. Com poucos estudos longitudinais, argumenta-se que mais estudos com enfoque no desenvolvimento integral são necessários.
Spinal cord injury: the cost of mechanical ventilation versus phrenic nerve stimulation
Authors: Baer Gerhard Alfred , Beitzel Ralph
Published: July 2022

Patients with respiratory insufficiency caused by tetraplegia at or above the level of cervical segment two can be treated with phrenic nerve stimulation instead of mechanical ventilation. An analysis of the annual invoices for single use airway equipment of 20 patients using phrenic nerve stimulation and 20 patients who were mechanically ventilated was conducted. The initial implantation of the phrenic nerve stimulation device costs considerably more than the mechanical ventilation device. However, this analysis found that the cost of running a phrenic nerve stimulator device is lower because of the reduced amount of airway nursing equipment needed. This analysis demonstrates that the cost of implanting a phrenic nerve stimulator device would be repaid within 4 years.
The whistleblower and the bully
Authors: Finch John
Published: July 2022

Investigations into maternity services at Shrewsbury and Telford NHS Trust and mental health services in Essex are a further two examples of negligence which have caused death or serious harm to patients. Reports into Shrewsbury's maternity services indicate an ‘atmosphere of fear’ which had been growing for almost two decades. The arrogant and bullying manner in which some services are being managed demonstrates a serious issue in how parts of the NHS are being run.

John Finch, a freelance journalist specialising in the law and ethics relating to healthcare, explains his stance on the bullying nature which has sadly become engrained among certain healthcare services. He believes that bullies within the management of the NHS should hold some level of responsibility for the increasing statistics of patient harm, as well as for the callous manner in which they try to avoid the responsibility for deficiencies in the system that they are in charge of.
Lost in Space: Orthodontic Space Analysis. Part 1
Authors: Wallis Colin , Atack NE , Ireland AJ
Published: July 2022

Orthodontic diagnosis is complex and multifactorial and an initial space analysis informing a decision on whether to extract teeth is consistently highlighted as the most significant diagnostic factor, with other clinical factors being secondary. Although the majority of clinicians are taught a method of space analysis, few subsequently place their confidence in any formal method and furthermore, may not consider the space implications of the curve of Spee. A survey of orthodontists revealed a surprising variability in the assessment of crowding, as well as a tendency to make a different diagnostic decision on the same case sometime later. This two-part series explores the current status of space analysis and suggests how we may be able to limit the potential for making poor extraction decisions. Part 1 explores the various factors that need to be considered in an orthodontic space analysis and in particular the space implications of the curve of Spee. Part 2 examines the various methods and tools available to the clinician in assessing orthodontic crowding. We also look at ways in which potentially poor extraction decisions may be mitigated in clinical practice.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: To help understand the clinical significance of space analysis as the key diagnostic factor informing a decision whether to extract teeth or not.
Are We Vulnerable? Climate Risk Perception and Vulnerability of Small and Medium Size Agricultural Enterprises in China
Authors:   School of Public Policy, Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Ye Wei , Li Miaochuan ,   School of Management, Guangdong Ocean University, China
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT As management is critical in a company’s strategic development and operation, managers are the main decision-making body of small and medium size agricultural enterprises in response to climate change, it is essential to understand and improve the level of climate risk perception as well as perceived climate vulnerability of corporate directors. Climate risk perception stresses risk identification while perceived vulnerability highlights risk management. Through literature review, the research proposes a measurement method for climate risk perception and perceived vulnerability of corporate management, constructs their influencing factors index system, and employs an online questionnaire to collect data for quantitative analysis. The study finds influencing factors of climate risk perception of managers include individual education level, environmental values, environmental concern, enterprise operation capability, and exposure to media. Contrary to research findings of objective vulnerability, objective adaptability of enterprises exerts no significant impact on enterprise vulnerability; whereas climate risk perception and perceived adaptability of managers impact on enterprise vulnerability negatively. To reduce the vulnerability of agricultural SMEs under climate change, this research urges to improve climate risk perception of managers by tailored climate information dissemination through diversified media channels and improve the efficiency of environmental laws and regulations. Keywords: Risk perception, Perceived vulnerability, Climate change, Management personnel, Agricultural enterprises
Politics of “I Will”: Penal Populism of Duterte’s War on Drugs, Political Polarization, and the Perceptions of the Working Class
Authors:   College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Colegio de San Juan de Letran - Manila, Philippines, Medriano Macxine Grace P. , Awi Eric N. ,   College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Colegio de San Juan de Letran - Manila, Philippines
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT Of all Philippine presidents, Rodrigo Duterte showed a bizarre and unorthodox style of leadership. With the hopes to end the problem of illegal drugs in the Philippines, his administration launched a ground-breaking anti-drug campaign in the name of “oplan tokhang'' which enforces police forces to “knock and plead” to houses of alleged drug users and ask them to surrender. Sixteen million Filipinos saw him as an antidote and the messianic leader for the narco-state the Philippines has apparently spiraled into. This study aims to explore the legitimacy of Duterte’s policy on war on drugs and how it creates political polarization in society through the perceptions of the working class toward safety and order in the country. This phenomenological inquiry analyzes the accounts of the select Filipino working class (n=25) through semi-structured in-depth interviews. Based on the findings, Duterte’s tough-on-crime style of leadership has rather imparted fear and anxiety contrary to the goal of the penal populist policy to bring order and security to the country. It was also revealed that political polarization is present in the Philippines due to the implementation of the said policy, which chronically happens on social media platforms, specifically on Facebook where supporters and non-supporters often exchange heated arguments regarding “tokhang.” While it is true that the main essence of democracy is the free and continuous flow of opinion, political polarization has created a drastic problem that is harmful to a country like the Philippines. Keywords: Institutionalism, Penal policy, Political polarization, Populism, War on drugs
The Financial Literacy of College Students: Evidence From India
Authors:   School of Liberal Education Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India, Yadav Kisan , Özen Ercan ,   University of Uşak, Faculty of Applied Sciences, 64200 Uşak, Türkiye (Turkey), Yadav Kisan ,   School of Liberal Education Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India
Published: July 2022

This article attempts to assess the financial literacy of college students in India through the application of a questionnaire. The OECD/INFE Toolkit for Measuring Financial Literacy was employed to collect primary data from a random sample of 400 active university students, using financial behavior, financial knowledge, and financial attitude as variables. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics using SPSS. This study finds that the Indian students surveyed have low financial literacy, with a score of 11.82 on a scale of 21. Students have very low awareness of compound interest, the erosion of buying power due to inflation, the benefits of diversification, and the use of credible information for financial decision-making. Financial literacy is indispensable for making proper financial decisions and financial education is important for students. Increased financial literacy will result in less financial concern and greater financial wellbeing. Keywords: Financial literacy, Financial wellbeing, College students.
Distal femoral arthroplasty for native knee fractures
Authors: Aebischer Andrea S. , Hau Raphael , de Steiger Richard N. , Holder Carl , Wall Christopher J.
Published: July 2022

Aims

The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of revision for distal femoral arthroplasty (DFA) performed as a primary procedure for native knee fractures using data from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Arthroplasty Registry (AOANJRR).

Methods

Data from the AOANJRR were obtained for DFA performed as primary procedures for native knee fractures from 1 September 1999 to 31 December 2020. Pathological fractures and revision for failed internal fixation were excluded. The five prostheses identified were the Global Modular Arthroplasty System, the Modular Arthroplasty System, the Modular Universal Tumour And Revision System, the Orthopaedic Salvage System, and the Segmental System. Patient demographic data (age, sex, and American Society of Anesthesiologists grade) were obtained, where available. Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival were used to determine the rate of revision, and the reasons for revision and mortality data were examined.

Results

The AOANJRR identified 153 primary DFAs performed for native knee fractures in 151 patients during the study period, with 63.3% of these (n = 97) performed within the last five years. The median follow-up was 2.1 years (interquartile range 0.8 to 4.4). The patient population was 84.8% female (n = 128), with a mean age of 76.1 years (SD 11.9). The cumulative percent revision rate at three years was 10%. The most common reason for revision was loosening, followed by infection. Patient survival at one year was 87.5%, decreasing to 72.8% at three years postoperatively.

Conclusion

The use of DFA to treat native knee fractures is increasing, with 63.3% of cases performed within the last five years. While long-term data are not available, the results of this study suggest that DFA may be a reasonable option for elderly patients with native knee fractures where fixation is not feasible, or for whom prolonged non-weightbearing may be detrimental. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(7):894–901.
No difference in long-term micromotion between fully cemented and hybrid fixation in revision total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mills Kelly , Wymenga Ate B. , van Hellemondt Gijs G. , Heesterbeek Petra J. C.
Published: July 2022

Aims

Both the femoral and tibial component are usually cemented at revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA), while stems can be added with either cemented or press-fit (hybrid) fixation. The aim of this study was to compare the long-term stability of rTKA with cemented and press-fitted stems, using radiostereometric analysis (RSA).

Methods

This is a follow-up of a randomized controlled trial, initially involving 32 patients, of whom 19 (nine cemented, ten hybrid) were available for follow-up ten years postoperatively, when further RSA measurements were made. Micromotion of the femoral and tibial components was assessed using model-based RSA software (RSAcore). The clinical outcome was evaluated using the Knee Society Score (KSS), the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and visual analogue scale (pain and satisfaction).

Results

The median total femoral translation and rotation at ten years were 0.39 mm (interquartile range (IQR) 0.20 to 0.54) and 0.59° (IQR 0.46° to 0.73°) for the cemented group and 0.70 mm (IQR 0.15 to 0.77) and 0.78° (IQR 0.47° to 1.43°) for the hybrid group. For the tibial components this was 0.38 mm (IQR 0.33 to 0.85) and 0.98° (IQR 0.38° to 1.34°) for the cemented group and 0.42 mm (IQR 0.30 to 0.52) and 0.72° (IQR 0.62° to 0.82°) for the hybrid group. None of these values were significantly different between the two groups and there were no significant differences between the clinical scores in the two groups at this time. There was only one re-revision, in the hybrid group, for infection and not for aseptic loosening.

Conclusion

These results show good long-term fixation with no difference in micromotion and clinical outcome between fully cemented and hybrid fixation in rTKA, which builds on earlier short- to mid-term results. The patients all had type I or II osseous defects, which may in part explain the good results. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(7):875–883.
Patient-reported outcome measures, complication rates, and re-revision rates are not associated with the indication for revision total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Innocenti Matteo , Smulders Katrijn , Willems Jore H. , Goosen Jon H. M. , van Hellemondt Gijs
Published: July 2022

Aims

The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between reason for revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) and outcomes in terms of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).

Methods

We reviewed a prospective cohort of 647 patients undergoing full or partial rTHA at a single high-volume centre with a minimum of two years’ follow-up. The reasons for revision were classified as: infection; aseptic loosening; dislocation; structural failure; and painful THA for other reasons. PROMs (modified Oxford Hip Score (mOHS), EuroQol five-dimension three-level health questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L) score, and visual analogue scales for pain during rest and activity), complication rates, and failure rates were compared among the groups.

Results

The indication for revision influenced PROMs improvement over time. This finding mainly reflected preoperative differences between the groups, but diminished between the first and second postoperative years. Preoperatively, patients revised due to infection and aseptic loosening had a lower mOHS than patients with other indications for revision. Pain scores at baseline were highest in patients being revised for dislocation. Infection and aseptic loosening groups showed marked changes over time in both mOHS and EQ-5D-3L. Overall complications and re-revision rates were 35.4% and 9.7% respectively, with no differences between the groups (p = 0.351 and p = 0.470, respectively).

Conclusion

Good outcomes were generally obtained regardless of the reason for revision, with patients having the poorest preoperative scores exhibiting the greatest improvement in PROMs. Furthermore, overall complication and reoperation rates were in line with previous reports and did not differ between different indications for rTHA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(7):859–866.
July 2022 Sleep Case of the Month: A Sleepy Scout
Authors:   Honolulu, HI USA, Fukui Christine
Published: July 2022

No abstract available. Article truncated after 150 words. History of Present Illness: A 25-year-old African American man complaining of excessive daytime somnolence. He was a US Army Ranger scout who received a traumatic brain injury (TBI) from an improvised explosive device attack in Afghanistan which resulted in a loss of about ¼ of his visual field. He said he slept well at night and there was no history of snoring. There was no history of any parasomnias. PMH, SH, FH: Other than the traumatic brain injury there was no significant PMH. His most recent brain scan showed only the remnants of his brain injury which resulted in an intracerebral hemorrhage which was managed conservatively. He was single. He did not smoke and had only moderate alcohol intake. There was no significant FH of sleep apnea. Physical Examination: Other than the visual field loss his physical examination was unremarkable. What should be done next? 1. Brain MRI 2. Electroencephalogram …
‘We want our own data!’: building Black community accountability in the collection of health data using a Black emancipatory action research approach
Authors: Boatswain-Kyte Alicia , Brotman Shari , Callender Tiffany , Dejean Barbara , Hanley Jill , Jivraj Nabeela , Lindor Thierry , Moran Jennifer , Muir Sean , Puspparajah Dinesh
Published: July 2022

Community accountability is a model through which to redress anti-Black racism in health care and to create community-based participatory research about the health of Black Canadians. This article provides a case example of a study undertaken by a Black community collective in Quebec made up of researchers, activists, service providers, business leaders and their allies who sought community accountability in making visible the impact of COVID-19 on local Black communities. The principles articulated within the Black emancipatory action research approach (Akom, 2011) are used to ground an analysis of our research-activist process in order to illuminate how knowledge gained through the collection of data can be used to help inform Black communities about the realities, needs and concerns of their members, to advocate for rights and entitlements, and to work towards community accountability in research that empowers Black communities, both in Quebec and elsewhere.
The overcriminalisation of Black girls: using an intersectional lens to examine the school-to-prison pipeline
Authors: Drew Vanessa , Wilson Mary Louise , McCarter Susan A.
Published: July 2022

Black girls are suspended at five-and-a-half times the rate for White girls in the US. Of all racial and ethnic groups, Black girls are the only group to demonstrate consistent disparities in school discipline after controlling for offence rate and type. Furthermore, for the same types of offences, Black girls are punished more severely than White girls. For girls, race is a more significant predictor than gender for entering the school-to-prison pipeline. The school-to-prison pipeline needs to be examined through a lens of intersectionality that includes: race, ethnicity and culture; socio-economic status; gender identity and sexual orientation; ability status; and trauma. This article incorporates several theories to critique the roles that explicit and implicit bias (including anti-Blackness, misogynoir and White supremacy), as well as gendered policies and practices, play in the overcriminalisation of Black girls in education and juvenile justice systems. Finally, the authors detail four evidence-based recommendations.
Should we allocate more COVID-19 vaccine doses to non-vaccinated individuals?
Authors: Ben Chaouch Zied , Lo Andrew W. , Wong Chi Heem
Published: July 2022

Following the approval by the FDA of two COVID-19 vaccines, which are administered in two doses three to four weeks apart, we simulate the effects of various vaccine distribution policies on the cumulative number of infections and deaths in the United States in the presence of shocks to the supply of vaccines. Our forecasts suggest that allocating more than 50% of available doses to individuals who have not received their first dose can significantly increase the number of lives saved and significantly reduce the number of COVID-19 infections. We find that a 50% allocation saves on average 33% more lives, and prevents on average 32% more infections relative to a policy that guarantees a second dose within the recommended time frame to all individuals who have already received their first dose. In fact, in the presence of supply shocks, we find that the former policy would save on average 8, 793 lives and prevents on average 607, 100 infections while the latter policy would save on average 6, 609 lives and prevents on average 460, 743 infections.
The organisation of primary health care service delivery for non-communicable diseases in Nigeria: A case-study analysis
Authors: Ajisegiri Whenayon Simeon , Abimbola Seye , Tesema Azeb Gebresilassie , Odusanya Olumuyiwa O. , Peiris David , Joshi Rohina
Published: July 2022

As chronic diseases, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) require sustained person-centred and community-based care. Given its direct link to communities and households, Primary Health Care (PHC) is well positioned to achieve such care. In Nigeria, the national government has prioritized PHC system strengthening as a means of achieving national NCD targets. However, strengthening PHC systems for NCDs require re-organization of PHC service delivery, based on contextual understanding of existing facilitators and barriers to PHC service delivery for NCDs. We conducted a mixed method case study to explore NCD service delivery with 13 PHC facilities serving as the cases of interest. The study was conducted in two northern and two southern states in Nigeria–and included qualitative interviews with 25 participants, 13 focus group discussion among 107 participants and direct observation at the 13 PHCs. We found that interprofessional role conflict among healthcare workers, perverse incentives to sustain the functioning of PHC facilities in the face of government under-investment, and the perception of PHC as an inferior health system were major barriers to improved organisation of NCD management. Conversely, the presence of physicians at PHC facilities and involvement of civil society organizations in aiding community linkage were key enablers. These marked differences in performance and capacity between PHC facilities in northern compared to southern states, with those in the south better organised to deliver NCD services. PHC reforms that are tailored to the socio-political and economic variations across Nigeria are needed to improve capacity to address NCDs.