bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Age-Dependent Change in the Response of Fern Gametophytes to Red Light
Authors: Miller John H. , Wright Donald R.
Published: October 2006

When gametophytes of
Onoclea sensibilis
are grown in darkness a filament of a few cells develops which elongates at a constant rate. Low dosages of red light given at the beginning of growth increase the rate of elongation. After about 12 days in darkness, however, gametophytes show a decreased growth rate when given red light.
Luminescence Potency of the
Cypridina
System
Authors: Johnson Frank H. , Shimomura Osamu , Saiga Yo
Published: October 2006

Visible light is emitted on oxidation of 0.00001 μg/ml (2 × 10
-11
M
) of
Cypridina
luciferin with 0.01 mg/ml of luciferase protein, or with 1 μg/ml of luciferin with 0.0000001 μg/ml (2 × 10
-15
M
) of luciferase. Data on yields indicate the average content of luciferin and luciferase to be, at best, about 1 μg of each in a single living organism.
Choline Sulfate in Higher Plants
Authors: Nissen Per , Benson A. A.
Published: October 2006

Choline sulfate, the sulfate ester of choline, is widely distributed in plant species and tissues. It constitutes up to one-third of the labeled metabolic products of radiosulfate uptake by roots of sulfur-deficient corn, barley, and sunflower plants. This neutral, nonabsorbed zwitterion appears to be a useful reservoir for sulfur in plants.
Effect of Meprobamate on the Multiplication of
Brucella abortus
in Monocytes
Authors: Kessel R. W. I. , Boughton Janet , Braun Werner
Published: October 2006

Peritoneal mononuclear phagocytes (monocytes) obtained from guinea pigs that had been treated with meprobamate do not support, in vitro, the intracellular growth of smooth
Brucella abortus
that is characteristic of monocytes from untreated animals. This modification of intracellular events appears to be due to an indirect action of the drug, since meprobamate does not produce any effects following direct exposure of monocytes or bacteria to the drug in vitro. Furthermore, the brucellacidal activity of serum from animals exposed to meprobamate is not increased. An interaction between monocytes and a component in the serum of animals exposed to meprobamate is required for the altered intracellular events.
International Geophysical Calendar for 1962
Authors: Shapley A. H.
Published: October 2006

Coordination of certain types of geophysical observations and analyses throughout the world is accomplished by the advance selection of days and intervals for such work. A committee under the International Council of Scientific Unions has issued the calendar for 1962, together with a brief explanation and examples of how it may be used in planning geophysical programs.
Common Human Viruses as Carcinogen Vectors
Authors: Martin Christopher M. , Magnusson Sigmundur , Goscienski Philip J. , Hansen Gerard F.
Published: October 2006

Single doses of pairs of viruses and organic carcinogens (in amounts too small in themselves to induce tumors) were administered to male Swiss mice free of polyoma virus. Malignant tumors developed in groups of mice injected with five of the carcinogen-virus pairs. Prior immunization against the virus of a pair prevented tumor formation by that pair. Carcinogen binding by poliovirus 2 was demonstrated in vitro.
Estradiol Stimulation of Glycine Incorporation by Human Endometrium in Tissue Culture
Authors: Robertson Gary L. , Hagerman Dwan D. , Richardson George S. , Villee Claude A.
Published: October 2006

The incorporation of C
14
-labeled glycine into human endometrium grown in tissue culture is accelerated by the addition of estradiol-17β to the culture medium under certain experimental conditions. This effect is accompanied by an increased rate of disappearance of the glycine from the medium, and its demonstration is dependent upon the age of the culture and the frequency with which the medium is renewed.
Action of Vasopressin on the Permeability of Mesentery
Authors: Berndt William O. , Gosselin Robert E.
Published: October 2006

Contemporaneous movements of Rb
86
cations and of P
32
orthophosphate across isolated rabbit mesentery display kinetic patterns that are generally associated with passive diffusion. Vasopressin at a concentration of 100 milliunit/ml produced a significant increase in the permeability constant for P
32
and at the same time a significant decrease in the permeability to Rb
86
. At lower hormone concentrations (0.1 milliunit/ml) the P
32
response was less marked but still significant (P < .01), while the Rb
86
effect was not (P > .05). Hyaluronidase did not mimic these actions of vasopressin.
Effect of Ultrahigh Vacuum on Viability of Microorganisms
Authors: Portner Dorothy M. , Spiner David R. , Hoffman Robert K. , Phillips Charles R.
Published: October 2006

Three species of resistant microorganisms were exposed for 5 days to an ultrahigh vacuum approaching that of interplanetary space. Since no lethal effect was observed, there is no indication that the vacuum of outer space would prevent transport of viable microorganisms on unsterilized space vehicles.
Interaction between Riboflavin and Rutin
Authors: Yamabe Shigeru , Yagi Kazufumi
Published: October 2006

Riboflavin-5′-phosphate forms a charge transfer complex with rutin at neutral
p
H in the same manner as it forms one with tryptophan or serotonin, when the system is observed by quantitative spectrophotometry.
Temperature Change: The Basic Variable in the Early Handling Phenomenon?
Authors: Schaefer Theodore , Weingarten Franklin S. , Towne Jack C.
Published: October 2006

Rats which had been handled or which had been subjected to lowered temperature without handling during the first week of life showed significant reduction of adrenal ascorbic acid when stressed, while appropriate controls did not. Exposure to lower temperature, and consequent lowering of skin or body temperature, may be the crucial factor in handling.
Elementary Thinking and the Classification of Behavior
Authors: Mark Henry J.
Published: October 2006

A theory of thinking is presented which attributes the human brain's outstanding efficiency and versatility in problem solving and learning to two memory functions. The brain's efficiency is considered to be largely a function of the capacity to remember previous operations involved in finding answers to questions. Man's outstanding versatility in problem solving is basically attributed to memory which can activate, maintain, and terminate activities independent of, or only indirectly related to, environmental or physiologic regulatory factors. Within-brain activity patterns which have unidirectionally alterable probabilities of appearance allow for adaptation (learning). The fact that the probability of appearance of nervous system activity can be altered to approach zero or unity allows nervous system units to act as their own timing controls during answer finding; the fact that units are combined into pathways allows for propagation of addressed messages at rates of the same order of magnitude as those of the timing controls.
Unit Responses of the Rabbit Lateral Geniculate Nucleus to Monochromatic Light on the Retina
Authors: Hill Richard M.
Published: October 2006

Seven unique wavelength responses, two inhibitory and five excitatory, with sensitivity maxima from 435 to 635 millimicrons, have been recorded from light-adapted, non-albino rabbits. Several combinations, usually one excitatory with one inhibitory response, often having characteristics suggesting mutual antagonism between them, were observed from single lateral geniculate cells.
Food Production by Submerged Culture of Plant Tissue Cells
Authors: Byrne Anne F. , Koch Robert B.
Published: October 2006

In investigating the possibility of producing food by large-scale culture of plant tissue, several plant tissues were used. The yield for carrot tissue, which is especially capable of rapid growth, was an average of 4.6 grams per liter per day in 6 liters of medium. The results suggest that with improved techniques food could be produced by this method.
Podocoryne carnea
, a Reliable Differentiating System
Authors: Braverman Maxwell H.
Published: October 2006

The number of nutritive hydranths in a slide-grown colony of this marine hydroid increases exponentially until sexual forms appear in the colony.
Extraction of Distinctive Antigens from Neoplastic Tissue
Authors: McKenna John M. , Sanderson Ronald P. , Blakemore William S.
Published: October 2006

Antigens have been obtained from HeLa and J111 cells by treatment with fluorocarbon. Cross absorption studies revealed that the antigen from HeLa cells had no serologic relationship to normal human uterus. Antibody for HeLa extract coated red blood cells was found in 25 percent of the sera from patients with malignant diseases.
Retinal Cholinesterase and Glycolysis in Rats Raised in Darkness
Authors: Liberman Robert
Published: October 2006

Rats that are raised in the dark from birth to 17 weeks of age have significantly lower acetylcholinesterase activities in the retina than control rats raised under standard conditions. Pseudocholinesterase and the glycolytic enzymes are not affected.
The Third Denver Meeting: A Report
Authors: Taylor Raymond L.
Published: October 2006

Besides thanking all members of the local committees, this report of the 128th meeting would not be complete without an expression of appreciation to the key executives of the four hotels which provided assistance and friendly help throughout—especially Richard M. Noble and William Elges of the Hilton and their counterparts at the Brown Palace, Cosmopolitan, and Shirley-Savoy. Their cooperation and courtesy were essential for the success of the meeting.
Evidence for Mixed Cytoplasm in Heterocaryons of
Colletotrichum lagenarium
Authors: Garber E. D. , Dutta S. K.
Published: October 2006

Spores of race 2 but not of race 1 of
Colletotrichum lagenarium
are ingested by myxamoebas of strain NE-30 of the slime mold
Acrasis rosea.
Sporulating colonies of three heterocaryons of
C. lagenarium
involving auxotrophic strains with different color markers of races 1 and 2 were inoculated with myxamoebas. Although spores of race 1 produced on homocaryons were not ingested by the myxamoebas, they were ingested when produced on heterocaryons involving race 2. Spores from sectors of the heterocaryons yielded colonies of race 1; spores from these colonies were not ingested by the myxamoebas.
Sodium Chloride, Calcium Chloride, and the Respiration of Maize Root Sections
Authors: Handley Raymond , Overstreet Roy
Published: October 2006

The effects of sodium chloride and calcium chloride at concentrations of 0.005
N
and 0.010
N
upon the respiration of vacuolated and nonvacuolated portions of the root tip of maize have been investigated. In both sections CaCl
2
produced marked stimulation, while NaCl had no effect. In this tissue stimulation of respiration does not appear to be directly related to metabolic ion accumulation.
Pain Threshold and Discrimination of Pain Intensity during Brief Exposure to Intense Noise
Authors: Camp Walter , Martin Robert , Chapman Loring F.
Published: October 2006

Neither pain threshold nor the capacity to discriminate intensity of mild pain was significantly altered during simultaneous stimulation by intense "white" noise. These observations indicate that the reported clinical usefulness of such auditory stimulation during painful therapeutic procedures does not result from an alteration in the capacity to perceive pain.
Homograft Reaction in Mice: Effect of Urethane and Sublethal X-radiation
Authors: Cole L. J. , Davis W. E.
Published: October 2006

Combined treatment of mice with urethane (a nucleic acid antagonist and mitotic inhibitor) plus sublethal x-radiation (500 rad) suppresses the homograft response to a degree considerably greater than that observed with this dose of x-rays alone. Thus, LAF
1
mice receiving two injections of urethane plus 500 rad of x-radiation prior to grafting retained C
3
H mouse skin grafts for periods up to 60 days, with a mean graft survival time of 40 days, as compared with 18 days for mice exposed to 500 rad only.
Devonian Plants from the Type Section of the Ghost River Formation of Western Alberta
Authors: Greggs R. G. , McGregor D. C. , Rouse Glenn E.
Published: October 2006

Plant fossils, including branched axes, foliar structures, fructifications, and dispersed spores have recently been discovered from the type section of the Ghost River formation. The megafossils, although commonly fragmentary, suggest a late Middle or early Upper Devonian age for the beds. This discovery suggests that equivalent strata in other regions may also contain plant remains, the discovery of which would add significantly to our knowledge of Devonian floras in western North America.
New Genetically Homogeneous Background for Dystrophic Mice and Their Normal Counterparts
Authors: Russell Elizabeth S. , Silvers W. K. , Loosli R. , Wolfe H. Glenn , Southard Janice L.
Published: October 2006

A new type of genetically homogeneous dystrophic and comparable normal mice, from an F
1
hybrid cross between 129/Re-
dy
and C57BL/6J-
dy
, is now available as a result of a special breeding program. The clinical manifestations in these F
1
hybrid dystrophics correspond closely with those observed in 129/Re-
dydy
mice, and they give completely comparable results on a variety of research tests. They are, however, considerably healthier than previously available dystrophics, with a growth rate closer to normal and a greatly increased life-span.
Exteroceptive Cueing of Response Force
Authors: Notterman J. M. , Mintz D. E.
Published: October 2006

Food pellet reinforcement for rats was made contingent upon the peak force of a bar-pressing response falling within restricted limits. Two such "bands," 5 to 10 grams and 15 to 20 grams, were established, the momentarily correct "band" indicated by one of two exteroceptive stimulus values. Peak force of response tended to conform to the reinforcement requirements, the two stimulus values setting the occasion for differentiated distributions of response force.
Tumor Formation in Interspecific Hybrids of
Lilium
Authors: Emsweller S. L. , Asen Sam , Uhring Joseph
Published: October 2006

Tumors were formed on germinating seeds of a hybrid of
Lilium speciosum
"Album" ×
L. auratum.
Ferulic acid and the glucose ester were isolated from both pericarp and seeds. Tumors were induced on excised embryos only when the embryos were grown on nutrient agar containing ferulic acid. Tumors may result from the limited amount of glycosylation and from detoxification of ferulic acid.
Insect Neurosecretory Material Separated by Differential Centrifugation
Authors: Evans J. J. T.
Published: October 2006

The factor which accelerates the beating of the insect heart was found to be concentrated in a "large granule" fraction of the corpora cardiaca of the cockroach,
Periplaneta americana
(L.).
Immunological Competence of Placenta
Authors: Dancis Joseph , Samuels Bruce D. , Douglas Gordon W.
Published: October 2006

The presence of immunologically competent cells in placenta has been investigated by use of the experimental model of runt disease in inbred strains of mice. The injection of placental cells from C57/B1 mice into newborn Balb/C mice resulted in death in the 2nd to 4th week. Evidence is presented that death was caused by immunologically competent fetal cells.
Cutaneous Sensory End Organs of Some Anthropoid Apes
Authors: Winkelmann R. K.
Published: October 2006

The organized end organs of nerves in glabrous skin of the chimpanzee, orangutan, and gibbon are similar to those of man in form and distribution but are more numerous on the soles of the feet than in man. I found cholinesterase in all the end organs of all these animals and, in the gibbon, alkaline phosphatase as well.
Self-Determination of Critical Flicker Frequencies in Monkeys
Authors: Symmes David
Published: October 2006

Five rhesus monkeys have been successfully trained by operant conditioning techniques to continuously adjust the rate of flicker of an illuminated target above and below what is presumed to be their fusion threshold.
Effect of Acetylcholine on the Electrical Activity of Somatic Nerves of the Lobster
Authors: Dettbarn Wolf D. , Davis Floyd A.
Published: October 2006

The effects of acetylcholine (ACh) on axons of the walking leg of lobster have been investigated. In 10
-2
M
concentration the ester lowers the resting potential by approximately 7 mv within 10 minutes. Simultaneously, the spike height is decreased. Complete but reversible block ensues in 10 to 15 minutes. At lower concentrations essentially similar but smaller effects are observed. Choline chloride and sodium acetate, at concentrations of 10
-2
M,
are without any effect. In conjunction with the evidence accumulated for the essential role of acteylcholine in the control of ion movements, the demonstration of the ability of acetylcholine to reversibly depolarize axons of somatic nerve fibers appears pertinent.
Parotoid Secretions of Indonesian Toads
Authors: Henderson Francis G. , Welles John S. , Chen K. K.
Published: October 2006

A preliminary study of the parotoid secretions of
Bufo melanostictus
and
B. asper
shows that a methanol extract is rich in digitalis-like bodies (bufodienolides) and that an acid extract contains indolethylamine derivatives.
Course of Cation Absorption by Plant Tissue
Authors: Epstein Emanuel , Rains D. W. , Schmid Walter E.
Published: October 2006

The absorption of rubidium by excised barley roots from solutions containing calcium was a strictly linear function of time for 1 hour and was temperature-sensitive throughout; there was no evidence of an initial nonmetabolic exchange phase of uptake. The rubidium absorbed reached concentrations many times the external concentration without any slackening of the rate of absorption—evidence for a high degree of irreversibility of the overall absorption process. This is discussed in terms of the "enzyme-kinetic" model of ion transport by carriers.
Transportation of Oyster Drills by Horseshoe "Crabs"
Authors: MacKenzie Clyde L.
Published: October 2006

Horseshoe "crabs" (
Limulus polyphemus
) collected in New Haven Harbor, Long Island Sound, had large numbers of oyster drills attached to them. Since these animals migrate long distances, they may be important distributors of oyster drills.
Parental Handling in Two Strains of Mice Reared by Foster Parents
Authors: Ressler Robert H.
Published: October 2006

The amount of handling received in ten daily tests by infant mice reared by foster parents was significantly affected by the strain of pups and by the strain of foster parents. This finding suggests that at least some behavioral differences between highly inbred strains may be due to early environmental rather than genetic variation.
High-Speed Cinematography of Muscle Contraction
Authors: Haupt Robert E. , Wall David M.
Published: October 2006

Motion pictures of the "twitch" of an excised frog gastrocnemius muscle taken at rates of 6000 frames per second provide a means of very accurately timing the phases. The extreme "slow motion" reveals surface phenomena not observable by other techniques. Evidence of "active relaxation" is suggested by results of frame-by-frame analysis.
Chloroplasts of
Euglena gracilis
Affected by Furadantin
Authors: McCalla D. R.
Published: October 2006

Treatment of
Euglena gracilis
with furadantin results in colorless cells which produce only white descendants. The treatment also prevents the greening of dark-grown euglena which are exposed to light. This finding suggests that furadantin acts upon some stage of chloroplast synthesis subsequent to that blocked by darkness.
Icosahedral Models and Viruses: A Critical Evaluation
Authors: Mayor Heather Donald , Melnick Joseph L.
Published: October 2006

The evidence for a 42 capsomere structure for the capsid of the papova viruses and 92 for reovirus and wound-tumor viruses is corroborated. Some of the difficulties inherent in comparing large-scale icosahedral models with high-resolution electron micrographs of virus particles displaying cubic symmetry are discussed.
Reappearance of
Eulimnadia agassizii
with Notes on Its Biology and Life History
Authors: Zinn Donald J. , Dexter Ralph W.
Published: October 2006

After being unreported for 83 years,
Eulimnadia agassizii
Packard was collected from a temporary pool in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, in 1956 and again in 1961. This conchostracan attains maturity in 5 days and may reappear several times during the summer months in the same location.
Physiology of Acclimation to Low Temperature in Poikilotherms
Authors: Pampapathi Rao Kandula
Published: October 2006

Potassium, sodium, and calcium increase and chloride, magnesium, and free amino acids decrease in cold acclimated fresh-water mussels and earthworms. Increased protein synthesis occurs. Neurosecretory cells of cold earthworms exhibit increased activity. Addition of cold worm body fluid stimulates increased O
2
consumption by normal tissues, indicating that a hormonal agent triggers the sequence of changes.
Effects of Perceptual Training at Three Age Levels
Authors: Elkind David , Koegler Ronald R. , Go Elsie
Published: October 2006

Children 6, 7, and 8 years old were first tested for their ability to reverse figure and ground and then given special training in this skill. Although all the children's ability improved greatly with practice, the initial differences between the age groups were still apparent both immediately and 1 month after training.
Photoautotrophy in
Gymnodinium breve
Davis
Authors: Aldrich David V.
Published: October 2006

Pure cultures of the Florida "red-tide" flagellate required light and carbon dioxide for growth. Multiplication in darkness was not supported by any of a number of organic compounds and mixtures. The ecological importance of micronutrients is suggested.
Conditioning of Extrasystoles in Humans with Respiratory Maneuvers as Unconditional Stimulus
Authors: Perez-Cruet Jorge
Published: October 2006

Extrasystoles are known to occur in some healthy individuals during common respiratory maneuvers such as holding the breath. Evidence is presented which shows that under controlled laboratory conditions this kind of extrasystole can be conditioned. Conditional stimuli signaling inspiration and expiration acquired the properties of the respiratory maneuvers by inducing extrasystoles during normal breathing.
Unique Incompatibility System in a Hybrid Species
Authors: Smith Stanley G. , Takenouchi Y.
Published: October 2006

All males of the weevil
Pissodes terminalis
Hopp. are heterozygous for an autosomal fusion (
cc
→
C
); all females are homozygous (
CC
). A mechanism is operative whereby union of like gametes gives rise to females and of unlike gametes gives rise to males, and union of half-alike gametes is totally excluded. The perpetuation of this sexual dimorphism of karyotypes following crossing implicates
P. yosemite
Hopk. in the hybrid origin of
P. terminalis.
.
Biosynthesis of Infectious Tobacco Mosaic Virus Ribonucleic Acid in a Cell-Free Medium
Authors: Cochran George W. , Dhaliwal Amrik S. , Welkie George W. , Chidester John L. , Lee Men Hui , Chandrasekhar B. K.
Published: October 2006

When cell-free preparations containing large molecules and subcellular bodies extracted from tobacco-leaf cells infected with tobacco mosaic virus were incubated with MgCl
2
and the four ribonucleoside-5′-triphosphates, the level of infectivity increased about threefold in 30 minutes. The mechanism synthesizing the new infectivity was believed to be located within isolated nuclei. Ultrasonic rupture of the nuclear membranes appeared to increase the rate of synthesis.
Moving Earth and Rock with a Nuclear Device
Authors: Kelly John S.
Published: October 2006

A test in Nevada increases confidence that nuclear explosions can be used for large excavation projects.
Use of Iodine-131 To Measure Movements of Small Animals
Authors: Johanningsmeier Arthur G. , Goodnight Clarence J.
Published: October 2006

A technique utilizing iodine-131 was developed to study the movements of
Microtus pennsylvanicus
in the field. Iodine-131 (½ mc) was placed in a polyethylene capsule and inserted beneath the animal's skin. Movements of the animal were then followed for periods of up to 2 weeks by means of a Geiger-Müller counter attached to an aluminum pole.
Particle-Size Analysis of Valders Drift in Eastern Wisconsin
Authors: Lee G. B. , Janke W. E. , Beaver A. J.
Published: October 2006

Analysis of the fraction of Late Wisconsin deposits less than 2 mm in diameter has shown a wide range in textural composition of glacial tills. Massive lake sediments were high in clay content and contained less sand than the till of the same textural class. Glaciofluvial and eolian deposits were loamy to sandy and sandy, respectively.
Ribonucleotides of RNA: Separation by Chromatography on Sheets of Diethylaminoethylcellulose
Authors: Jacobson K. Bruce
Published: October 2006

The four main ribonucleotides of RNA can be separated on diethylaminoethylcellulose paper sheets, with results comparable to column chromatography, by irrigation with 0.05
M
formic acid for 2 to 3 hours, and then reversing the direction of irrigation with 4
M
formic acid.
Inhibition of Antigen-Antibody Reactions by Aminocarboxylic Acids
Authors: Atchley William A. , Bhagavan N. V.
Published: October 2006

Aliphatic aminocarboxylic acids inhibit at least two different antigen-antibody reactions. The degree of inhibition depends upon carbon chain length and the position of the amino group in relation to the carboxyl group.
Increased Incidence of Anencephalus and Spina Bifida in Siblings of Affected Cases
Authors: Milham Samuel
Published: October 2006

In 139 families having a child born with anencephalus or spina bifida, 10 of 308 siblings of the affected children had malformations similar to those of the affected children. The incidence of these malformations in siblings of affected children is significantly greater than the incidence in the general population.
Guttation Fluid: Effects on Growth of
Claviceps purpurea
in vitro
Authors: Lewis Ralph W.
Published: October 2006

In laboratory inoculation experiments, Rosen rye seedlings were more susceptible, Genesee wheat seedlings were less susceptible, and Trail barley seedlings were not susceptible to
Claviceps purpurea
. Guttation fluids from these plants were used as media for the growth of germinating spores of
C. purpurea
. Growth experiments consisted of spores which were germinated in thin agar films on microscope slides. Germ tube growth was determined by counting the tubes that crossed the perimeter of a square in the microscope field, counting the conidia in the square, and computing the number of crosses per conidium. Rye guttation fluid produced the most growth and barley fluid the least. Thus the degree of susceptibility is correlated with the amount of growth of the parasite in vitro.
Chlamydomonas
: Colored Excretion Products
Authors: Cristofalo V. J. , Kornreich L. D. , Ronkin R. R.
Published: October 2006

Particle-free media in which pure cultures of the green alga
Chlamydomonas moewusii
have been growing are yellow. In its solubility, chromatographic behavior, fluorescence, response to changes of
p
H, and optical absorption, the coloring matter closely resembles mixtures of substances previously held responsible for the yellow color of some pond waters. Our findings suggest that the yellow materials of natural waters may originate from algal metabolism.
Muscle Action Potentials: A Technique for Recording in situ
Authors: Schainbaum Julius
Published: October 2006

Heart tissue in situ has been immobilized with a negative pressure device, and transmembrane potentials of one cell have been observed for more than 30 minutes.
High-Energy Sound Associated with Fright in the Dolphin
Authors: Caldwell Melba C. , Haugen Ruth M. , Caldwell David K.
Published: October 2006

A sound produced by the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (
Tursiops truncatus
) under conditions of fright is described and illustrated. It is suggested that a similar sound may be the basis of the long-distance alarm signal reported in other cetaceans.
Homology Test between the Nucleic Acid of an RNA Virus and the DNA in the Host Cell
Authors: Doi Roy H. , Spiegelman S.
Published: October 2006

Deoxyribonucleic acid in the host cell does not contain a sequence complementary to the nucleic acid of an RNA virus. Specific formation of hybrid between deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid was used as a detecting device. The test was internally controlled and sensitive enough to reveal complementary stretches in the DNA corresponding to 10 percent of the viral ribonucleic acid. The implications of the results for replication and transcription of RNA are discussed.
Lichens in a Greenhouse
Authors: Culberson William Louis
Published: October 2006

The discovery of the first species of lichen capable of tolerating cultural conditions in greenhouses opens the possibility for conventional physiological experiments in this group of plants.
Developmental Pattern of Adrenal Ascorbic Acid in the Rat
Authors: Levine Seymour , Lewis George W.
Published: October 2006

Adrenal ascorbic acid was determined in nonstressed, newborn rats. The maturational pattern of the acid consists of high resting levels early in development, a marked decrease during a period between 8 and 12 days, and a subsequent return to high levels. The onset of the maturational pattern is accelerated by previous manipulation of the newborn rat.
Antibodies to Genetic Types of Gamma Globulin after Multiple Transfusions
Authors: Allen James C. , Kunkel Henry G.
Published: October 2006

Seventeen of 24 sera from children who had received multiple transfusions contained agglutinating antibodies against a Gm factor absent in the individual's serum gamma globulin. Each of these agglutinators was highly specific for a single Gm factor, and all proved useful as reagents for genetic typing. The accumulated evidence indicates that they resulted from genetically foreign gamma globulin introduced by transfusion.
Callosal Section: Its Effect on Performance of a Bimanual Skill
Authors: Ettlinger G. , Morton H. B.
Published: October 2006

Four out of five monkeys showed no lessening of the ability to perform a motor habit requiring concurrent movement of the two hands in opposite directions when the callosum was cut after training. However, in only one animal was there significant transfer, between the hands, of a shape-discrimination habit learned postoperatively.
Zirconium and Hafnium in Stone Meteorites
Authors: Ehmann W. D. , Setser J. L.
Published: October 2006

The abundances of zirconium and hafnium in stone meteorites, were determined by neutron activation analysis. Specific radiochemical separations were used to obtain individual zirconium and hafnium samples of high radiochemical purity. The average abundance of zirconium in chondrites for six analyses was 35 parts per million; of hafnium, 0.19 ppm. The hafnium abundances are in good general agreement with the predictions of current theories of nucleosynthesis.
Human Lipoproteins: Role in Transport of Thyroid Hormones
Authors: Toro-Goyco E. , Cancio Marta
Published: October 2006

Lipoproteins from patients receiving therapeutic doses of iodine-131 were isolated by density-gradient techniques. The binding of circulating thyroid hormones by beta lipoproteins (those of low density) was negligible. Alpha lipoproteins (those of high density) bound appreciable amounts. The bulk, however, was bound by proteins of density higher than 1.23 g/ml.
Potency of Conditioned Reinforcers Based on Food and on Food and Punishment
Authors: Reynolds G. S.
Published: October 2006

Pigeons peck more frequently on the left key of two keys when food is presented more frequently during the stimulus that reinforces pecks on that key than during the stimulus that reinforces pecks on the right key. This preference can be annulled and reversed by punishing each peck on the left key during the stimulus that reinforces pecks on the left key.
Deoxyribonuclease Sensitivity of Ribonucleic Acid Synthesizing System from Tobacco Leaves
Authors: Shaw John G.
Published: October 2006

A fraction from tobacco leaf cells, containing nuclei and capable of synthesizing ribonucleic acid in the presence of the four ribonucleoside triphosphates, was inactive after incubation with deoxyribonuclease, suggesting that deoxyribonucleic acid plays an essential role in the reaction. Almost complete inhibition was obtained even with concentrations of deoxyribonuclease which removed less than half the original acid-insoluble deoxyribonucleic acid.
Xenon Tetrafluoride: Reaction with Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Williamson Stanley M. , Koch Charles W.
Published: October 2006

Xenon tetrafluoride reacts with water to yield xenon, oxygen, hydrofluoric acid, and a very soluble species containing xenon. Evaporation of the solution yields a white, crystalline substance which has been identified as xenon (VI) oxide, XeO
3
.
Rare-Earth Elements in Tektites
Authors: Haskin Larry , Gehl Mary A.
Published: October 2006

The rare-earth element content of three tektites has been determined by neutron activation analysis. The relative abundance patterns are all nearly alike and are identical to the pattern characteristic of well-differentiated terrestrial sediments. Possible consequences of finding this pattern in truly extraterrestrial matter are considered.
Hypersensitivity to a Synthetic Polypeptide: Induction of a Delayed Reaction
Authors: Ben-Efraim Shlomo , Fuchs Sara , Sela Michael
Published: October 2006

A multichain copolypeptide,
p
(Tyr,Glu)-pAla--
p
Lys, induced in guinea pigs a prolonged state of delayed hypersensitivity not associated with detectable circulating antibodies. Cross reactions of the delayed type were observed with chemically related polypeptides.
Synthesis of Chicken Antibodies of High and Low Molecular Weight
Authors: Benedict Albert A. , Larson Charles , Nik-Khah Homoyoun
Published: October 2006

Two major populations of chicken macroglobulin antibodies in primary- and secondary-response serums are associated with electrophoretically slow- and fast-moving γ-globulins. If the fractions separable by electrophoresis are treated with 2-mercaptoethanol, two populations of 7
S
antibodies are revealed. Primary-response precipitins have the characteristics of macroglobulins.
Fermi Prize: J. Robert Oppenheimer Named to Receive Annual AEC Award
Authors: Oppenheimer J. Robert
Published: October 2006

The White House announced last week that J. Robert Oppenheimer would be the recipient of the Atomic Energy Commission's 1963 Fermi prize. The prize, which is accompanied by a $50,000 award, is given for "especially meritorious contribution to the development, use or control of atomic energy," and, as such, is strictly a recognition of scientific merit. This fact cannot be overstated. Nevertheless, because of the bitter and emotional controversy that surrounded the removal of Oppenheimer's security clearance in 1954, the Oppenheimer case has come to symbolize the dark hour to which nonconformity and scientific integrity were subjected in the McCarthy era. Oppenheimer's selection for the award is thus widely regarded as an effort by the scientific community and the Kennedy administration to right a long-standing wrong. The following account is an appreciation of Oppenheimer, written especially for
Science
by his colleague, Hans Bethe, of Cornell University.
Nature of Cohesion within Pollen Tetrads of
Typha latifolia
Authors: Skvarla John J. , Larson Donald A.
Published: October 2006

Pollen tetrads in
Typha latifolia
result from the fusion of the outermost portion of the exine (the tectum) where microspores within the meiotic tetrad are contiguous. Exine stratification is discussed.
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning in Rats: Alteration in Ribosomes of the Liver
Authors: Smuckler Edward A. , Benditt Earl P.
Published: October 2006

Microsomes from livers of albino rats treated with carbon tetrachloride were compared with those from normal rats with respect to their ability to incorporate amino acid. Acute carbon tetrachloride poisoning results in depressed capacity of microsomes to incorporate amino acid. From ultracentrifugal data, there is an apparent dissociation of 79
S
ribosomes into 54
S
components.
Errorless Discrimination Learning in the Pigeon: Effects of Chlorpromazine and Imipramine
Authors: Terrace H. S.
Published: October 2006

Chlorpromazine or imipramine disrupts a pigeon's performance on a discrimination between a vertical and horizontal line only if the discrimination was learned with errors. Errorless learning is obtained if training starts with an easy-to-learn discrimination of color and shifts progressively to the more difficult horizontal-vertical discrimination.
Cysteine Stimulation of Glucose Oxidation in Thyroid Tissue
Authors: Pittman J. A. , Zacharewicz F. A. , Shannon W. M.
Published: October 2006

Oxidation of D-glucose-C
14
by bovine thyroid slices was stimulated by cysteine, 2-aminoethanethiol, and cystamine. Amino acids tested, other than cysteine, were not stimulatory, except tyrosine and arginine to a slight degree. The pattern of stimulation resembled that brought about by thyroid-stimulating hormone. Stimulation of labeled CO
2
production was greater when glucose-1-C
14
rather than glucose-6-C
14
was the substrate.
Gibberellin: Effect on Diffusible Auxin in Fruit Development
Authors: Sastry Krishna K. S. , Muir Robert M.
Published: October 2006

Diffusible auxin is not present in tomato flowers at anthesis, but significant amounts can be obtained after the plants are treated with gibberellin. The early growth of the ovary in plants treated with gibberellin corresponds closely with growth after pollination and fertilization; the amounts of diffusible auxin are not significantly different over a period of 22 days.
Menstrual Cycle Influences Grooming Behavior and Sexual Activity in the Rhesus Monkey
Authors: Michael Richard P. , Herbert J.
Published: October 2006

The time spent by the female rhesus monkey in grooming the male fluctuates rhythmically and reaches a minimum at mid-cycle. At this time the male's grooming activity reaches a maximum. The rhythmic changes in male mounting behavior, together with the males' and females' grooming cycles, are abolished by ovariectomy and have a hormonal basis.
Vitamin E Oxidation with Alkaline Ferricyanide
Authors: Skinner W. A. , Alaupovic P.
Published: October 2006

Oxidation of
dl
-α- tocopherol or its model, 6-hydroxy-2,2,5,7,8-pentamethylchroman, with alkaline ferricyanide yields a variety of products. In addition to the known dimeric keto ether, two new products, compound A, a trimer, and compound B, an isomer of compound A, were ioslated. Ultraviolet and infrared absorption spectra and paper chromatography indicate that compound A might be identical with liver metabolite "O" which results from the addition of α-tocopherol to the diet.
Motor Responses of Moths to Low-Intensity X-ray Exposure
Authors: Smith James C. , Kimeldorf D. J. , Hunt E. L.
Published: October 2006

A brief burst of x-rays elicited flight activity in moths placed in a darkened x-ray exposure room. Wing-beat activity was recorded as an index of this behavior. Wing-beat activity could be initiated in resting moths or amplitude augmented in active moths by x-ray dose rates of 0.01 to 1.5 roentgens per second, with a latency of less than 1 second after onset of exposure.
Phosphorylase
a
Activity in Uterine Muscle: Stimulation by Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid
Authors: Schane H. Philip , Leonard S. L.
Published: October 2006

Injection of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid into spayed rats or its use in phosphorylase extraction increases the activity of glycogen-phosphorylase
a
in uterine smooth muscle tissue. Since the total phosphorylase activity is not increased, the increase in phosphorylase
a
appears to result from a conversion of inactive phosphorylase
b
to the active form of the enzyme.
Catalase Abnormality in a Caucasian Family in the United States
Authors: Baur Ernst W.
Published: October 2006

An erythrocyte catalase with atypical electromigration velocity was discovered in three generations of a family of Scandinavian-British extraction. Six members are heterozygous for the hereditary autosomal character; no abnormal homozygotes were found. The condition is associated with normal erythrocyte catalase activity and with no clinical or subclinical disease.
Gamma Irradiation of Polypeptides: Transformation of Amino Acids
Authors: Friedberg Felix , Hayden George A.
Published: October 2006

The formation of aspartic acid from glutamic acid, of aspartic and glutamic acids from proline, of α-amino-
n
-butyric acid from methionine, of aspartic acid from histidine, of dihydroxyphenylalanine from tyrosine, of tyrosine and dihydroxyphenylalanine from phenylalanine, of alanine from cysteine, and of glycine from alanine was observed when aqueous solutions of these amino acids in the form of peptides or polyamino acids were irradiated. When poly-L-glutamic acid or poly-L-proline was irradiated in the presence of C
14
-labeled NaHCO
3
, the radioactive carbon was fixed by the aspartic and the glutamic acid.
Plankton: Optimum Diversity Structure of a Summer Community
Authors: Patten Bernard C.
Published: October 2006

The summer plankton community of the York River, Virginia, expends energy to establish and maintain a definite vertical diversity structure in a comparatively unstructured environment. The resultant organization, which involves relationships between diversity, power and efficiency, and stability, is nearly optimal for maximizing profit on the original energy investment.
Fatty Acids: In vivo Synthesis by the Green Peach Aphid,
Myzus persicae
(Sulzer)
Authors: Strong Frank E.
Published: October 2006

After feeding through an artificial membrane on an 18 percent sucrose solution containing either acetate-1-C
14
or uniformly-labeled glucose-C
14
,
Myzus persicae
incorporated 75 percent of the carbon-14 into palmitoleic, stearic, and oleic acids. Small amounts were incorporated into myristic, linoleic, and linolenic acids; no significant amounts were incorporated into the short-chain fatty acids.
Implanted Electrodes: Cable Coupler for Elimination of Movement Artifact
Authors: Sutton Dwight , Miller Josef M.
Published: October 2006

The wires in the recording cable are connected to stainless-steel tubes supported by a ball bearing. The tips of the tubes rotate freely in mercury-filled grooves connected to the recorder through stainless-steel screws. No attenuation or distortion of the signal appears on records obtained through the coupler.
Plant Morphology: Its Control in
Proserpinaca
by Photoperiod, Temperature, and Gibberellic Acid
Authors: Wallenstein Aaron , Albert Luke S.
Published: October 2006

Growth forms controlled by the photoperiod are modified by temperature and gibberellic acid. Gibberellic acid changes leaf orientation and prostrate growth habit of the short-day plant to that typical of the long-day plant and modifies leaf shape in both types of plants. Low temperature resembles short days in its effect on leaf shape and stem orientation of long-day plants. Geotropic responses of the stem appear to be modified by photoperiod, temperature, and gibberellic acid.
Ethylene Production in Fading
Vanda
Orchid Blossoms
Authors: Akamine Ernest K.
Published: October 2006

The production of ethylene by fading blooms of
Vanda Miss Agnes Joaquim
, determined quantitatively by the perchlorate manometric procedure, was correlated with the degree of fading. A peak production of over 3400 μl per kilogram hour was obtained when 97 percent of the blooms were faded.
Heart Rate: Differential Effects of Hypothalamic and Septal Self-Stimulation
Authors: Perez-Cruet Jorge , Black William C. , Brady Joseph V.
Published: October 2006

Heart rate in rats was recorded during self-stimulation with electrodes permanently implanted in both the hypothalamus and the septal region. Acceleration was observed during stimulation of the hypothalamus, and deceleration during stimulation of the septal region. In both areas self-stimulation reduced variability in heart rate.
Replicating Form of a Single-Stranded DNA Virus: Isolation and Properties
Authors: Hayashi M. , Hayashi M. N. , Spiegelman S.
Published: October 2006

The replicating form of single-stranded DNA virus has been isolated in pure form by chromatography on columns of methylated albumin. Its buoyant density in CsCl and "melting temperature" are characteristic of a double stranded DNA structure containing 43 percent guanine-cytosine. The nearest neighbors to uridylate were compared in the RNA synthesized when replicating-form DNA and mature single-stranded DNA were employed as templates in an in vitro system. The mature DNA component of the replicating duplex does not serve as the sole source of complementary RNA. The results agree best with the assumption that both strands of the replicating form function as templates. It is important to note that this is contrary to the situation found in the intact cell where only one of the two strands appears to be transcribed into message.
Rhodium-102 Fallout: Variations in Deposition and Concentrations in Precipitation
Authors: Leo M. W. M. , Walton A.
Published: October 2006

Rhodium-102 was produced as a tracer for U.S. high-altitude detonations in August 1958 and has been detected and monitored in precipitation since October 1960. Between January and September 1961, when atmospheric tests were resumed, the contribution of this high-altitude debris in fallout increased.
Lymphocyte and Fibroblast Chalones: Some Chemical Properties
Authors: Houck J. C. , Kanagalingam K. , Hunt C. , Attallah A. , Chung A.
Published: October 2006

Experiments with lymphocyte and fibroblast chalones indicate that they are complexed strongly with RNA in tissue extracts; have a molecular weight of less than 10,000 and more than 1,000 daltons, and probably about 5,000 daltons; are strongly cationically charged; and contain mannose and perhaps other carbohydrates.
Microtus: A Simple Method of Recording Time Spent in the Nest
Authors: Barbour Roger W.
Published: October 2006

A prairie vole,
Microtus ochrogaster
, was tagged with a radioactive label, a survey meter was placed over its nest, and the presence or absence of the animal in the nest was recorded on tape.
Ruby Laser as a Microsurgical Instrument
Authors: Saks Norman M. , Roth Charles A.
Published: October 2006

Morphological changes at the cell level have been produced experimentally by a pulsed ruby laser (optical maser). A pulse duration of approximately 500 microseconds caused discrete damage to structures in the cell without irreversible damage to the surrounding area.
Calcium-Activated Adenosine Triphosphatase Localization in Cultured Beating Heart Cells
Authors: Lewis Hazel , Harary Isaac
Published: October 2006

The calcium-activated adenosine triphosphatase activity of cultured single beating heart cells of the rat was localized and visualized by incubating the cells, after extraction in a mixture of glycerol and water, with adenosine triphosphate and calcium. The calcium phosphate, precipitated at the site of the enzyme reaction, was converted into a visible precipitate. The enzyme activity appeared in bands perpendicular to the myofibrils.
Corn Seeds Affected by Heavy Cosmic Ray Particles
Authors: Curtis Howard J. , Smith Harold H.
Published: October 2006

Corn seeds of a special genetic stock were recovered from two satellite flights and the plants grown from them were examined for abnormalities. Some evidence for a slight increase in chromosomal deletions was observed, which was predicted from the flux of heavy cosmic ray primary particles. Nothing unexpected was observed.
Pleistocene Marine Microfauna in the Bootlegger Cove Clay, Anchorage, Alaska
Authors: Schmidt Ruth A. M.
Published: October 2006

Ostracods and Foraminifera, associated with molluscs, indicate a marine depositional environment for part of the Bootlegger Cove Clay. The definite Arctic and North Atlantic affinities of the microfauna suggest a possible migration through the Bering-Chukchi seaway during the late Pleistocene.