bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Whole metagenome sequencing of chlorinated drinking water distribution systems
Authors: Douterelo Isabel , Calero-Preciado Carolina , Soria-Carrasco Victor , Boxall Joby B.
Published: October 2018

This research highlights the potential of whole metagenome sequencing to help protect drinking water quality and safety.
Polydatin protects against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice via anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic activities
Authors: Liu Yu-Hong , Huang Qiong-Hui , Wu Xue , Wu Jia-Zhen , Liang Jia-Li , Lin Guo-Sheng , Xu Lie-Qiang , Lai Xiao-Ping , Su Zi-Ren , Chen Jian-Nan
Published: October 2018

Polydatin protects against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.
Effects of casein non-phosphopeptide on the development of rat muscle analyzed using computed tomography scanning technology
Authors: Shi Yan-Guo , Zhang Na , Guo Qing-Qi , Guan Hua-nan , Ikeda Shinya , Guo Chang-Hui , Piekoszewski Wojciech , Kalenik Tatyana K. , Motkina Elwna
Published: October 2018

The effects of casein non-phosphopeptide (CNPP) on the muscle development of healthy rats and selected blood hormones levels were investigated.
Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxic activity evaluation of ginsengdiol oxidation and nitrogen hybrid derivatives
Authors: Zhang Yumeng , Yuan Weihui , Wang Xude , Zhang Hongyu , Sun Yuanyuan , Zhang Xiaoshu , Zhao Yuqing
Published: October 2018

Compounds1jand2fpossessed excellent anti-proliferative activities while having much weaker effect on the growth of normal cells and they can be promising lead candidates for further studies.
Wearable transparent thermal sensors and heaters based on metal-plated fibers and nanowires
Authors: Jo Hong Seok , Kwon Hyuk-Jin , Kim Tae-Gun , Park Chan-Woo , An Seongpil , Yarin Alexander L. , Yoon Sam S.
Published: October 2018

Electrospun metal-plated nanofibers and supersonically sprayed nanowires were used to fabricate hybrid films exhibiting a superior low sheet resistance of 0.18 Ω sq−1, a transparency of 91.1%, and a figure-of-merit of 2.315 Ω−1.
Ultrafine bimetallic phosphide nanoparticles embedded in carbon nanosheets: two-dimensional metal–organic framework-derived non-noble electrocatalysts for the highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Jiang Min , Li Jun , Cai Xiaofan , Zhao Yu , Pan Lijia , Cao Qingqi , Wang Dunhui , Du Youwei
Published: October 2018

The Co1−xFexP/C nanosheets are synthesized using a 2D MOF as the precursor for highly efficient OER catalysis in alkaline media.
N-Doped porous carbon nanosheets decorated with graphitized carbon layer encapsulated Co9S8 nanoparticles: an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for the OER and ORR
Authors: Li Linghui , Song Li , Guo Hu , Xia Wei , Jiang Cheng , Gao Bin , Wu Chao , Wang Tao , He Jianping
Published: October 2018

Graphitized carbon layer encapsulated Co9S8 nanoparticles embedded into N-doped porous carbon nanosheets show an excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic performance for the OER and ORR.
Acidic pH-responsive polymer nanoparticles as a TLR7/8 agonist delivery platform for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Kim Hyunjoon , Sehgal Drishti , Kucaba Tamara A. , Ferguson David M. , Griffith Thomas S. , Panyam Jayanth
Published: October 2018

Acidic-pH responsive PLGA NPs enhance endo/lysosomal delivery of the TLR7/8 agonist and elicit a stronger anti-tumor T cell response than conventional PLGA NPs.
Studies of 4-arylthiazolylhydrazones derived from 1-indanones asTrypanosoma cruzisqualene epoxidase inhibitors by molecular simulations
Authors: Noguera Guido J. , Fabian Lucas E. , Lombardo Elisa , Finkielsztein Liliana M.
Published: October 2018

We present for the first time a study at the molecular level of theT. cruziSE and the structural requirements for its inhibition.
Extracellular pH imaging of a plant leaf with a polyelectrolyte multilayered nanosheet
Authors: Someya Daichi , Arai Satoshi , Fujie Toshinori , Takeoka Shinji
Published: October 2018

We have developed a sheet-like pH imaging sensor based on a flexible and physically adhesive polymer thin film (referred to as a “pH sensing nanosheet”).
Effect of pyrolysis temperature on sulfur content, extractable fraction and release of sulfate in corn straw biochar
Authors: Zhao Baowei , Xu Huan , Zhang Tao , Nan Xujun , Ma Fengfeng
Published: October 2018

Low pyrolysis temperature is optimal for biochar to release sulfate and the release kinetics fitted well with a pseudo-second-order model.
Stress-engineered growth of homoepitaxial GaN crystals using hydride vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Lee Moonsang , Park Sungsoo
Published: October 2018

We report the growth of a 3.5 mm-thick bulk GaN layer using a stress-engineered homoepitaxy method without any external processes.
Analysis of nanofiber-based La0.2Sr0.8TiO3–Gd0.2Ce0.8O1.9electrode kinetics
Authors: Wang Yuwei , Zhao Erqing , Fan Liquan , Hu Qianjun , Liu Xijun , Li Yufeng , Xiong Yueping
Published: October 2018

NF-LST–GDC shows lower ohmic resistance (determined using CI and EIS techniques), smaller potential drop and better kinetics than NP-LST–GDC.
Theoretical and experimental investigation of anticancer activities of an acyclic and symmetrical compartmental Schiff base ligand and its Co(ii), Cu(ii) and Zn(ii) complexes
Authors: Saghatforoush Lotfali , Moeini Keyvan , Hosseini-Yazdi Seyed Abolfazl , Mardani Zahra , Hajabbas-Farshchi Alireza , Jameson Heather T. , Telfer Shane G. , Woollins J. Derek
Published: October 2018

A compartmental Schiff base ligand and its copper, cobalt and zinc complexes were prepared. Thein vitroactivities of all compounds against the human leukemia cell line K562 were investigated along with docking and DFT studies.
Unusual fcc-structured Ag10 kernels trapped in Ag70 nanoclusters
Authors: Su Yan-Min , Wang Zhi , Zhuang Gui-Lin , Zhao Quan-Qin , Wang Xing-Po , Tung Chen-Ho , Sun Di
Published: October 2018

A bioctahedral Ag10 kernel is locked by a pair of Mo7O2610− anions to form an inner Ag10@(Mo7O26)2 core which is further encapsulated by an outer Ag70 shell to form three-shell Ag10@(Mo7O26)2@Ag70 nanoclusters.
One-step synthesis of nickel–iron layered double hydroxides with tungstate acid anions via flash nano-precipitation for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Xue Xueyan , Yu Feng , Peng Banghua , Wang Gang , Lv Yin , Chen Long , Yao Yongbin , Dai Bin , Shi Yulin , Guo Xuhong
Published: October 2018

Layered double hydroxide materials with two-dimensional structures and rich diversity have proved to be very promising candidates for non-precious metal electrocatalysis of the oxygen evolution reaction.
A plasmonic interfacial evaporator for high-efficiency solar vapor generation
Authors: Tao Fujun , Zhang Yuliang , Yin Kuan , Cao Shengjia , Chang Xueting , Lei Yanhua , Wang Dongsheng , Fan Runhua , Dong Lihua , Yin Yansheng , Chen Xiaobo
Published: October 2018

A novel plasmonic interfacial evaporator composed of Cu9S5 nanonets and PVDFM has shown high efficiencies of 80.2 ± 0.6% and 91.5 ± 1.1% under 1 and 4 sun irradiation, respectively, for solar vapor generation.
Mechanics of biomimetic 4D printed structures
Authors: van Rees Wim M. , Matsumoto Elisabetta A. , Gladman A. Sydney , Lewis Jennifer A. , Mahadevan L.
Published: October 2018

We present a numerical approach to simulate the shape-change of thin 4D printed elastic structures. The simulated shapes provide good correspondence with experimental results, leading to a framework for the prediction, analysis, and design of shape-changing structures.
Overcurvature induced multistability of linked conical frusta: how a ‘bendy straw’ holds its shape
Authors: Bende Nakul P. , Yu Tian , Corbin Nicholas A. , Dias Marcelo A. , Santangelo Christian D. , Hanna James A. , Hayward Ryan C.
Published: October 2018

We study the origins of multiple mechanically stable states exhibited by an elastic shell comprising multiple conical frusta, a geometry common to reconfigurable corrugated structures such as ‘bendy straws’.
Processing and characterization of silver-filled conductive polysulfide sealants for aerospace applications
Authors: Song Bo , Li Jiaxiong , Wu Fan , Patel Shiv , Hah Jinho , Wang Xueqiao , Moon Kyoung-sik , Wong Ching-Ping
Published: October 2018

Polysulfide (PS) rubbers have been widely used as high performance sealants to line or seal aircraft fuel tanks.
Remarkably high thermoelectric performance of Cu2−xLixSe bulks with nanopores
Authors: Hu Qiujun , Zhu Zheng , Zhang Yuewen , Li Xin-Jian , Song Hongzhang , Zhang Yingjiu
Published: October 2018

Cu2Se is a p-type semiconducting compound that possesses excellent thermoelectric properties which exhibit great potential for practical applications.
Surface state modulation of red emitting carbon dots for white light-emitting diodes
Authors: Yuan Kang , Zhang Xinghua , Qin Ruohan , Ji Xuefeng , Cheng Yahui , Li Lanlan , Yang Xiaojing , Lu Zunming , Liu Hui
Published: October 2018

Clarifying the luminescence mechanism of nitrogen related surface states for carbon dots.
Improving attitude detection performance for spherical motors using a MEMS inertial measurement sensor
Authors: Rong Yiping , Wang Qunjing , Lu Siliang , Li Guoli , Lu Yin , Xu Jiazi
Published: October 2018

A spherical motor has multiple degrees of freedom. Its motion control requires an accurate attitude detection system. This study proposes a low‐cost microelectromechanical system (MEMS) inertial measurement sensor to detect the attitude of the spherical motor. The proposed sensor combines a three‐axis gyroscope and a three‐axis accelerometer to obtain raw position data of spherical motors to estimate rotor's attitude. To improve the accuracy of the estimated attitude from the raw position data, the authors reduce the inclination angle error between the motor's rotor and MEMS sensor's coordinate systems by compensating axial angle error. A high‐speed camera that generally provides high accuracy of the attitude is used as a calibration device for comparison and validation. Experimental results show that the MEMS inertial measurement sensor can achieve accurate attitude estimation that is suitable for motion control of a spherical motor.
Biometric‐based efficient medical image watermarking in E‐healthcare application
Authors: Aparna Puvvadi , Kishore Polurie Venkata Vijay
Published: October 2018

Information hiding is particularly used for security applications to protect the secret message from an unauthorised person. Due to the tremendous development of the Internet and its usage, the issue of protection over the internet is increasing. Under such a condition, transforming the information from the transmitter to the receiver requires more security. Accordingly, in my previous research, an efficient medical image watermarking technique in E‐healthcare application using a combination of compression and cryptography algorithm was proposed. The system only gives confidentiality and reliability. To overcome the problem, the authors propose a biometric‐based on an efficient medical image watermarking in E‐healthcare application, which produces a system for authentication, confidentiality, and reliability of the system. The proposed system utilises the fingerprint biometric for authentication, cryptography process for confidentiality, and reversible watermarking for the integrity. Basically, the proposed system consists of two stages such as (i) watermark embedding process and (ii) watermark extraction process. The experiments were carried out on the different medical images with electronic health record and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is analysed with the help of peak signal‐to‐noise ratio and normalised correlation.
Using non-solar-scaled opacities to derive stellar parameters
Authors: Saffe C. , Flores M. , Miquelarena P. , López F. M. , Jaque Arancibia M. , Collado A. , Jofré E. , Petrucci R.
Published: October 2018

Aims. In an effort to improve spectroscopic methods of stellar parameters determination, we implemented non-solar-scaled opacities in a simultaneous derivation of fundamental parameters and abundances. We wanted to compare the results with the usual solar-scaled method using a sample of solar-type and evolved stars.

Methods. We carried out a high-precision determination of stellar parameters and abundances by applying non-solar-scaled opacities and model atmospheres. Our sample is composed of 20 stars, including main sequence and evolved objects. The stellar parameters were determined by imposing ionization and excitation equilibrium of Fe lines, with an updated version of the FUNDPAR program, together with plane-parallel ATLAS12 model atmospheres and the MOOG code. Opacities for an arbitrary composition and vmicro were calculated through the opacity sampling (OS) method. We used solar-scaled models in the first step, and then continued the process, but scaled to the abundance values found in the previous step (i.e. non-solar-scaled). The process finishes when the stellar parameters of one step are the same as in the previous step, i.e. we use a doubly iterated method.

Results. We obtained a small difference in stellar parameters derived with non-solar-scaled opacities compared to classical solar-scaled models. The differences in Teff, log g, and [Fe/H] amount to 26 K, 0.05 dex, and 0.020 dex for the stars in our sample. These differences can be considered the first estimation of the error due to the use of classical solar-scaled opacities to derive stellar parameters with solar-type and evolved stars. We note that some chemical species could also show an individual variation greater than those of the [Fe/H] (up to ~0.03 dex) and varying from one species to another, obtaining a chemical pattern difference between the two methods. This means that condensation temperature Tc trends could also present a variation. We include an example showing that using non-solar-scaled opacities, the solution found with the classical solar-scaled method indeed cannot always verify the excitation and ionization balance conditions required for a model atmosphere. We discuss in the text the significance of the differences obtained when using solar-scaled versus non-solar-scaled methods.

Conclusions. We consider that the use of the non-solar-scaled opacities is not mandatory in every statistical study with large samples of stars. However, for those high-precision works whose results depend on the mutual comparison of different chemical species (such as the analysis of condensation temperature Tc trends), we consider its application to be worthwhile. To date, this is probably one of the most precise spectroscopic methods for stellar parameter derivation.
Results of the round robin calibration of reference solar cells within the PhotoClass project
Authors: Kröger Ingo , Friedrich Dirk , Winter Stefan , Salis Elena , Müllejans Harald , Pavanello Diego , Hohl-Ebinger Jochen , Bothe Karsten , Hinken David , Dittmann Sebastian , Friesen Gabi , Bliss Martin , Betts Tom , Gottschalg Ralph , Rimmelspacher Lorentz , Stang Johannes , Herrmann Werner , Dubard Jimmy
Published: October 2018

An intercomparison of terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) calibrations was performed among a number of European calibration and testing laboratories that participated in the European Metrology Research Program (EMRP) project “PhotoClass”. The purpose of this intercomparison was to evaluate the comparability of calibration and testing services within the stated uncertainties of the individual laboratories. The calibration objects were two world photovoltaic scale (WPVS)-type reference solar cells, one made from crystalline silicon and one made from GaAs. The calibration value (CV) was the short-circuit current under standard test conditions (ISTC). In conclusion, it was found that the CVs are all consistent within the stated uncertainties. This result strengthens the reliance in the calibration chain and in the PV calibration infrastructure in Europe.
On the Solutions of Fractional Cauchy Problem Featuring Conformable Derivative
Authors: Yavuz Mehmet , Özdemir Necati
Published: October 2018

In this study, we have obtained analytical solutions of fractional Cauchy problem by using q-Homotopy Analysis Method (q-HAM) featuring conformable derivative. We have considered different situations according to the homogeneity and linearity of the fractional Cauchy differential equation. A detailed analysis of the results obtained in the study has been reported. According to the results, we have found out that our obtained solutions approach very speedily to the exact solutions.
Stability Analysis, Numerical and Exact Solutions of the (1+1)-Dimensional NDMBBM Equation
Authors: Yokus Asif , Sulaiman Tukur Abdulkadir , Gulluoglu Mehmet Tahir , Bulut Hasan
Published: October 2018

A newly propose mathematical approach is presented in this study. We utilize the new approach in investigating the solutions of the (1+1)-dimensional nonlinear dispersive modified Benjamin-Bona-Mahony equation. The new analytical technique is based on the popularly known sinh-Gordon equation and a wave transformation. In developing this new technique at each every steps involving integration, the integration constants are considered to not be zero which gives rise to new form of travelling wave solutions. The (1+1)-dimensional nonlinear dispersive modified Benjamin-Bona-Mahony is used in modelling an approximation for surface long waves in nonlinear dispersive media. We construct some new trigonometric function solution to this equation. Moreover, the finite forward difference method is utilized in investigating the numerical behavior of this equation by taking one of the obtained analytical solutions into consideration. We finally, give a comprehensive conclusions.
Deformation properties of a subgrade in structures reinforced with full displacement piles
Authors: Lanis Alexey , Razuvaev Denis , Lomov Petr
Published: October 2018

Construction of transport infrastructure facilities on weak subgrades requires special soil improvement measures. One of the advanced methods for deep subgrade soil compaction is known to be Full Displacement Piles (FDP). The purpose of this paper is to establish dependencies of subgrade deformation properties of a soil body reinforced with full displacement piles on reinforcement parameters and soil conditions. Using numerical simulation methods, the authors identified reinforcement parameters and initial soil indicators that have a significant effect on change in the deformation modulus of the reinforced body in the considered boundary conditions. Results of field experimental studies confirmed the reliability of the newly established relationships and regularities.
Interaction in transportation as the basis for implementation of intergovernmental cooperation
Authors: Popova Natalia , Kvint Marina , Dementyev Aleksei
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this paper is to define the role and place of the transportation component of the adjacent subjects of two countries in their economic potential for implementation of intergovernmental cooperation. The role and place of the transportation component in estimation of the benefits of the transportation and geographical position becomes evident only when the population, resources and economy of the border regions are jointly analyzed. The analysis of such parameters of the border regions of Russia (Western Siberia) and Kazakhstan performed by means of comparison and association of their economic and transportation potentials, showed that territorial production complexes in them have been developed, and the prospective development within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union will be determined by the joint use of the benefits of the transportation and geographic position implemented with participation of railway transport.
Automated control system to monitor dielectric losses in polymers
Authors: Butorin Denis
Published: October 2018

The basic property of the processed polymers when it comes to high-frequency heat treatment is their dielectric losses. The purpose of the present study is elaboration of automated control system to monitor dielectric losses in polymers during heating. The technique developed in the given paper implies linear uniform heating of the studied material by contact method with the given velocity and when heating is off, periodic short-term action of high-frequency electric field on the polymer after each temperature growth of polymer per preset degree. The studies conducted in the automatic mode allowed obtaining new knowledge on changing electro-physical properties of polymers during heat treatment; and determining the new parameter to control polymer state while high-frequency processing; distinguishing and identifying different relaxation transitions of polymer materials during heating and thus broadening applicability of high-frequency heat treatment.
Use of the relative indicator for estimation of railway blocks capacity
Authors: Bessonenko Sergei , Klimova Ekaterina , Dementyev Aleksei
Published: October 2018

Capacity of railway blocks and sections is one of the most important parameters of railway transport operation. The purpose of the study is to find a universal parameter of railway blocks and sections capacity that would allow maximum use of the reserves available. This paper proposes to use “partial capacity filling factors”, which are defined as the ratio of the changed capacity factor to the existing value, as a relative indicator. The methodology of application of this indicator has been elaborated, examples of calculations have been provided. There are nomograms in the paper that allow determining the maximum number of trains that can be passed through the section taking into consideration all conditions of operation.
Optimization of processes in railways based on the cost management model
Authors: Vorobyov Valery , Manakov Aleksey , Reger Anatoly , Tanaino Iuliia
Published: October 2018

The main aim of activities of the branches of vertically integrated Russian Railways JSC is enhancing of manageability and efficiency of business operations. At the current stage, the issue of optimization of costs for product transportation and facilities maintenance in the system of production and technological processes of the railway network has gained relevance. The purpose of this study is development of a mathematical model for the logistic system of transportation, storage, cargo-handling operations, facilities maintenance and reconstruction. Methods of spatial and dynamic modeling in the structure of end-to-end planning of operations were used in the study. Optimization criterion is aggregate cost minimization. Cost function is proposed in the form of local functions of multiple sections along the railway network. The modeling result consists in determining the plans of transportation and supply with minimum costs.
Method for calculating the maximum number of railway cars in a cut
Authors: Klimov Aleksandr , Gunbin Anton , Osipov Dmitry , Burdyak Pavel
Published: October 2018

A shunting process in hump yards has a number of technical and technological constraints, one of which is the maximum permissible number of cars in a cut. This constraint increases the number of cuts, time of shunting, operating costs of car handling operations in a railways network, while reducing the safety level of classification. The purpose of the paper is to maximize the handling capacity of hump yards by reasonably increasing the permissible length of cuts. The current methods of calculation do not take into account some features of classification operations with long cuts of cars. The proposed method is based on probability calculations and simulation modeling of the shunting process in hump yards. The authors identified the critical factors limiting the maximum permissible number of cars in a cut and developed a method to determine this limitation.
Survivability of the locomotive cabin at interval estimation of obstacle parameters
Authors: Smolyaninov Alexander , Emel'yanov Igor , Mironov Vladimir , Kuznetsov Alexei , Lapshin Vasily
Published: October 2018

The article considers the multiparameter problem of the mechanical system behavior and its survivability when destructing individual elements. The technique for constructing the area of safe operation of the cabin of the GT1-h gas turbine locomotive was illustrated on the example of collision of a locomotive with an obstacle at a crossing. The main parameters determining the energy of interaction between the cabin and the obstacle was singled out, and their influence on the survivability of the structure was analyzed. The finite element method was used to calculate the load-bearing capacity of a power frame with a buffer device in the initial state and after the destruction of individual structural elements by the dynamic strength criterion. The force of elastic interaction between the locomotive and the obstacle was estimated through the spring, the rigidity of which was estimated on the basis of the finite element calculation results. As a result of the calculations, proposals were developed to strengthen the cabin frame to ensure the safety of the crew and the instrument part in case of unauthorized collision with an obstacle of considerable mass and violation of the speed regime.
Capabilities of acoustic methods in testing of interference-fit joints
Authors: Ryzhova Anna , Bekher Sergey , Bobrov Aleksey
Published: October 2018

Tightness of joints on railway wheelsets is controlled by instruments based on a shrink fit method. To date, the shrink fit method has been replaced by an interference fit method. As a result, standard values of tightness have doubled. Therefore, there is an urgent need to upgrade and develop new methods for testing interference-fit joints. A promising solution is to use acoustic methods based on influence of material properties on propagation patterns of elastic waves. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the possibility to test fixed detachable joints by acoustic methods. Reference samples of interference-fit joints with known interference fits (29, 72 and 126 μm) were designed and produced. Experimental tests of samples and wheelset axles with inner bearing rings were conducted by a pulse-echo method and a method of free oscillations. The authors developed a procedure for determining the equivalent thickness of oil clearance using the proportionality factor of echo amplitude and sequence number of echo signals. When testing reference samples and loose bearing rings, frequency responses of the signals were obtained.
Breathing Sounds – Determination of Extremely Low SPL
Authors: Harun M. , Teoh R. Y. S , Ahmad M. ‘A. A. , Mokji M. Mohd. , You K. Y. , Syed Abu Bakar S. A. R. , Khalid P. I. , Hamid S. Z. Abd. , Arsat R.
Published: October 2018

Breathing sound is an extremely low SPL that results from inspiration and expiration process in the lung. Breathing sound can be used to diagnose persons with complications with breathing. Also, the sound can indicate the effectiveness of treatment of lung disease such as asthma. the purpose of this study was to identify SPL of breathing sounds, over six one octave center frequencies from 63 Hz to 4000 Hz, from the recorded breathing sounds in .wav files. Breathing sounds of twenty participants with normal weight BMI had been recorded in an audiometry room. the breathing sound was acquired in two states: at rest and after a 300 meters walk. Matlab had been used to process the breathing sounds that are in .wav files to come up with SPL (in dB). It has been found out that the SPL of breathing sound of all participants are positive at frequencies 63 Hz and 125 Hz. On the other hand, the SPL are all negatives at frequency 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz and 4000 Hz. In conclusion, SPL of breathing sounds of the participants, at frequencies 250 Hz and 500 Hz that have both positive and negative values are viable to be studied further for physiological and medicinal clues.
Auskunftsfähigkeit von Patienten über ihre ärztlich verordneten Medikamente – Eine Querschnittstudie in zehn Allgemeinarztpraxen
Authors: Kiel Simone , Hey Elisabeth , Haase Annekathrin , Chaudhuri Ariane , Chenot Jean-François
Published: October 2018

Einleitung Für eine korrekte Einnahme und einen sicheren Umgang mit der eigenen Medikation ist es wichtig, dass Patienten bestimmte Informationen über ihre einzunehmenden Medikamente kennen und Auskunft geben können. Die Studie untersucht, welche Auskunft Patienten über ihre verordneten Medikamente geben können und welche Faktoren die Auskunftsfähigkeit beeinflussen.

Methoden In dieser Querschnittstudie wurden 637 Patienten in 10 Allgemeinarztpraxen (Teilnahmerate 57 %) über Name, Dosis, Einnahmefrequenz und Indikation ihrer verordneten Medikamente befragt. Die Patientenangaben wurden mit der Praxisdokumentation verglichen.

Ergebnisse Die Patientenangaben zur Anzahl der Medikamente stimmten zu 54 % vollständig mit der Praxisdokumentation überein. Es besteht eine relevante Diskrepanz zwischen den dokumentierten Medikamentenverordnungen und den Angaben von Patienten. Die Patienten konnten am besten über den Medikamentennamen (75 %) Auskunft geben und am schlechtesten über die Indikationen (47 %). Die Auskunftsfähigkeit ließ bei Patienten mit ≥ 5 Medikamenten nach. Eine höhere Schulbildung war mit einem höheren Anteil korrekter Angaben assoziiert. 65 % der Patienten besaßen einen Medikationsplan und 19 % nutzen diesen zur Beantwortung der Fragen. Der Besitz eines Medikationsplans alleine zeigte keinen positiven Effekt auf die korrekte Auskunftsfähigkeit, jedoch seine Anwendung. Dieser Effekt war bei Patienten mit ≥ 5 Medikamenten stärker ausgeprägt.

Diskussion Die meisten Patienten nutzten den Medikationsplan nicht, weswegen die Ausstellung eines Medikationsplans per se nicht zu einer besseren Auskunftsfähigkeit führt. Technische Lösungen, wie zentrale Datenspeicherung, sollten entwickelt werden, die unabhängig von einem unvollständigen und im Bedarf oft nicht vorhandenen Medikationsplan aus Papier oder elektronischer Gesundheitskarte die Versorgungs- und Arzneimitteltherapiesicherheit und den Austausch zwischen verschiedenen Ärzten und Institutionen gewährleisten können.
Ruptured Bilateral Pericallosal Artery Aneurysm in Mirror Position: Case Report
Authors: Meguins Lucas , Valsechi Linoel , Fernandes Ronaldo , Morais Dionei , Spotti Antonio
Published: October 2018

Introduction Pericallosal artery (PA) aneurysms represent 2 to 9% of all intracranial aneurysms, and their management remains difficult.

Objective The aim of the present study is to describe the case of an adult woman with subarachnoid hemorrhage and bilateral PA aneurysm in mirror position.

Case Report A 46-year-old woman was referred to our institution 20 days after a sudden severe headache. She informed that she was treating her arterial hypertension irregularly, and consumed ∼ 20 cigarettes/day. The patient was neurologically intact at admission. A non-contrast computed tomography (CT) on the first day of the onset of the symptoms revealed hydrocephaly and subarachnoid hemorrhage (Fisher III). An angio-CT/digital subtraction arteriography showed bilateral PA aneurysms in mirror position. The patient was successfully treated with surgery via the right interhemispheric approach (because the surgeon is right-handed); the surgeon performed the proximal control with temporary clipping, and introduced an external ventricular drain at the end of the surgery. The patient was discharged on the fourth postoperative day without any additional neurological deficits or ventricular shunts.

Conclusion Ruptured PA aneurysm is a surgically challenging aneurysm due to the many anatomical nuances and risk of rebleeding. However, the operative management of ruptured bilateral PA aneurysms is feasible and effective.
When Pedal Access Is the Only Way to Save a Limb!
Authors: Radaideh Qais , Shammas Nicolas W.
Published: October 2018

Critical limb ischemia is associated with high rates of amputation and death. Endovascular revascularization prevents amputation in approximately 80 to 90% of patients. Traditional access, however, can be a problem in some patients and pedal access may be the only way to provide adequate revascularization and potentially prevents an amputation. We present three cases to illustrate how pedal access can be the last frontier to save a leg.
Pregnancy after Aortic Root Replacement in Marfan's Syndrome: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Williams Dominique , Lindley Kathryn , Russo Melissa , Habashi Jennifer , Dietz Harry , Braverman Alan
Published: October 2018

Objectives We sought to characterize pregnancy-related aortic complications in women with Marfan's syndrome who had prior aortic root replacement.

Study Design This is a retrospective case series study and literature review of women with Marfan's syndrome with pregnancy after aortic root replacement. We surveyed women with Marfan's syndrome who had successful pregnancy after aortic root replacement using the Marfan Foundation Website and from two large tertiary care Marfan's clinics. Clinical data, counseling information, and details of pregnancy-related aortic complications were compiled. A literature review was performed assessing aortic outcomes in women with Marfan's syndrome with pregnancy after aortic surgery.

Results Fourteen women with 20 pregnancies were identified. Two women had three pregnancies following root replacement for aortic dissection. There were no aortic dissections during the 20 pregnancies. In contrast, aortic dissection was frequently reported in the literature.

Conclusions Women with Marfan's syndrome who become pregnant following aortic root replacement remain at risk for distal aortic dissection related to pregnancy. The exact risk is difficult to quantify but is not zero and women should be counseled accordingly.
Introduction of Posterior Axilla Sling Traction in Simulated Shoulder Dystocia
Authors: Whittington Julie , Poole Aaron
Published: October 2018

Objective Aim of this study was to introduce posterior axilla sling traction (PAST) in delivering providers and nursing staff as an adjunct to the management of shoulder dystocia and evaluate comfort in performing the maneuver.

Methods A presimulation questionnaire had given to all participants. A brief training on how to perform PAST was also given. A simulated shoulder dystocia was run where usual maneuvers failed. Participants used PAST for delivery of posterior shoulder, delivery of posterior arm, and to assist with rotation. Participants were then given a post-simulation questionnaire. A Chi-squared test was used to evaluate comfort with performing the procedure pre and post-simulation.

Results Data were collected from 43 participants at pre and post-simulation. Designations (attending, resident, midwife, registered nurse) and responses were recorded to the questionnaires. There was a statistically significant increase in the number of providers and nurses who would feel comfortable using PAST for shoulder dystocia management and for rotational maneuvers. Ninety-three percent of participants would consider using PAST in future shoulder dystocia when usual maneuvers failed.

Conclusion PAST is an adjunct to management of shoulder dystocia that has not previously been taught in our facility. The majority of participants in our simulation felt comfortable with using PAST.
The Role of Prophylactic Octreotide Following Pancreaticoduodenectomy to Prevent Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula: A Meta-Analysis of the Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Garg Pankaj , Sharma Jyoti , Jakhetiya Ashish , Chishi Nilokali
Published: October 2018

Introduction A postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). A pharmacologic approach using perioperative octreotide, a long-acting somatostatin analog having an inhibitory action on pancreatic exocrine secretion, was proposed to reduce the incidence of the POPF. Despite contradictory results in various randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the prophylactic octreotide has been widely used in the last two decades to reduce the POPF. The present meta-analysis aims to assess the effectiveness of the prophylactic octreotide in preventing the POPF following PD.

Methods A literature search was performed in the PubMed for the RCTs that compared the prophylactic octreotide with the placebo following PD published prior to October 2016. Review manager (Cochrane Collaboration's software) version RevMan 5.2 was used for analysis. Those RCTs which had compared the prophylactic Octreotide with placebo to reduce the POPF following PD were considered eligible for the meta-analysis. The low quality (Jadad score of two or less) RCTs or those including mixed pancreatic resections without reporting specific pancreaticoduodenectomy outcomes were excluded. The effect size for the dichotomous and the continuous data was displayed as the odds ratio (OR) and the weighted mean difference (WMD), respectively, with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). A fixed effect or random effects model was used to pool the data according to the result of a statistical heterogeneity test. The heterogeneity between the studies was evaluated using the Cochran Q statistic and the I
2 test, with p < 0.05 indicating significant heterogeneity.

Results There were eight RCTs available for the analysis. A total of 959 patients were included in the meta-analysis–492 received the prophylactic octreotide and 467 patients received the placebo. The prophylactic octreotide was not found to significantly decrease the total number of the POPF (OR, 1.03'; 95% CI: 0.73–1.45; p-value 0.85) or the clinically significant POPF (OR, 0.76; 95% CI: 0.35–1.65; p-value 0.49) compared with the placebo. There was also no difference in the duration of hospital stay (WMD, 1.19; 95% CI:1.84–4.23; p-value 0.44) or the postoperative mortality (OR, 2.04; 95% CI: 0.87–4.78; p-value 0.10) between the two groups. The prophylactic octreotide was also not found to significantly delay the gastric emptying (OR, 0.76; 95% CI: 0.41–1.40; p-value 0.38).

Conclusion The present meta-analysis does not support the role of the prophylactic octreotide to prevent the POPF following PD.
Qualitätsmanagement auf der Intensivstation
Authors: Riessen Reimer , Haap Michael
Published: October 2018

The care of critically ill patients in an intensive care unit is effected by an interprofessional and interdisciplinary team. Quality and success of intensive care is mainly based on the performance of this team. Suitable quality management measures, based on valid indicators, insure an optimal workflow for the benefit of patient safety.
Arrott plots, M4 plots and the critical temperature of the weak ferromagnet FeGa3−yGey
Authors: Zhang Yao , Takahashi Yoshinori , Imai Masaki , Wang Guohua , Avila Marcos A. , Takabatake Toshiro , Michioka Chishiro , Ueda Hiroaki , Yoshimura Kazuyoshi , Ma Jie
Published: October 2018

The Curie temperature TC of the weakly ferromagnetic system FeGa3−yGey is investigated by means of isothermal magnetization experiments. The critical temperature of the ferromagnetic phase transition is estimated by the so-called M4 plots rather than the Arrott plots technique. The M4 plots are exploited from the sixth power term of the expanded free energy, which is neglected by the Arrott plots. The magnetic properties are analyzed by taking into account the effects of spin fluctuations in terms of related spin-fluctuation theories.
Model choice affects piezoelectric response to probes
Authors: Agner Mary Alexandra
Published: October 2018

Modeling the wear of piezoresponse force microscopy probes shows differences due to electromechanical coupling.
Model for atomic layer etching describes reaction mechanism for controlled silicon dioxide removal
Authors: DeJarnette Drew
Published: October 2018

A first principles model of atomic layer etching describes the mass and energy transport through the polymer passivation layer required for selective etching, and eventual process optimization.
Modest levels of interpretability of the term ‘biodiversity’, mediated by educational level, among the Australian public
Authors: Kiley Heather M. , Ainsworth Gillian B. , Weston Michael A.
Published: October 2018

Effective worldwide efforts to conserve flora and fauna rely on engaging the public, and thus on public appreciation of the object of conservation activities (most commonly, ‘biodiversity’). We examined alignment of interpretation of the term ‘biodiversity’ with generally accepted definitions in a representative sample (n=499) of the public from the State of Victoria in Australia, a country with an explicit biodiversity conservation strategy (which defines the term) and the capacity to invest heavily in conservation. However, almost half of respondents did not know what ‘biodiversity’ meant, 32% and 18% expressed an ecological and conceptual interpretation, respectively. The probability of having at least some interpretation of the term was higher among university-educated respondents, but otherwise did not vary with sex or income. Broadening the base of conservation efforts would likely be facilitated by better aligning interpretations of the term ‘biodiversity’ among the public or by adopting more intuitive language when engaging with the public.
The political economy of intellectual property rights: the paradox of Article 27 exemplified in Ghana
Authors: De Beukelaer Christiaan , Fredriksson Martin
Published: October 2018

Orthodox copyright scholarship frames piracy in ‘developing’ countries as a detrimental and illegal practice that results from these countries’ lack of economic, social and cultural development. It argues that piracy needs to be discouraged, regulated, and finally overcome for legitimate business to flourish. In this article, the authors challenge this viewpoint and question whether the implementation of international copyright instruments in legislation across Africa really promotes those local economies or if it merely exposes them to neo-colonial exploitation. While the early international treaties on intellectual property rights (IPR) were formulated by European states and implemented in most parts of Africa through colonial laws, more recent legislation has been globally implemented through institutions such as the United Nations or the World Trade Organization, which remain dominated by Western interests. Through a structured overview of the adoption of IPR treaties in African countries, the authors advance a political economy perspective of intellectual property rights as a (neo-)colonial regime.
A Concept of Word in Text: A Pivotal Event in Early Reading Acquisition
Authors: Flanigan Kevin
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine a model of early reading acquisition that hinged on a phenomenon seldom explored in beginning reading research: a child's concept of word in text. Previous research in early literacy acquisition has centered on the role phonological awareness—the ability to consciously attend to and manipulate the sound structure of spoken language—plays in early reading development. However, a small but promising line of research suggests that children's ability to match spoken words to written words while reading connected text—a concept of word in text—is a pivotal event in early reading acquisition that bridges a primitive form of phonological awareness with a more sophisticated form of phonological awareness. In this study, 56 kindergarten children were assessed on measures of beginning consonant awareness, concept of word in text, full phoneme segmentation ability, spelling ability, and word recognition ability. Analysis of the data supported the proposed model and essentially replicated a previous study (Morris, 1993). Most important, the findings of this study strongly support the notion that a child's concept of word in text plays a linchpin role in early reading acquisition. The results of this general line of work may inform early identification for children at risk of reading failure, beginning reading instruction, and future research in early literacy acquisition.
Multistate Outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia Complex Bloodstream Infections After Exposure to Contaminated Saline Flush Syringes: United States, 2016–2017
Authors: Brooks Richard B , Mitchell Patrick K , Miller Jeffrey R , Vasquez Amber M , Havlicek Jessica , Lee Hannah , Quinn Monica , Adams Eleanor , Baker Deborah , Greeley Rebecca , Ross Kathleen , Daskalaki Irini , Walrath Judy , Moulton-Meissner Heather , Crist Matthew B ,   Burkholderia cepacia Workgroup
Published: October 2018

Background

Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) has caused healthcare-associated outbreaks, often in association with contaminated products. The identification of 4 Bcc bloodstream infections in patients residing at a single skilled nursing facility (SNF) within 1 week led to an epidemiological investigation to identify additional cases and the outbreak source.

Methods

A case was initially defined via a blood culture yielding Bcc in a SNF resident receiving intravenous therapy after 1 August 2016. Multistate notifications were issued to identify additional cases. Public health authorities performed site visits at facilities with cases to conduct chart reviews and identify possible sources. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed on isolates from cases and suspect products. Facilities involved in manufacturing suspect products were inspected to assess possible root causes.

Results

An outbreak of 162 Bcc bloodstream infections across 59 nursing facilities in 5 states occurred during September 2016–January 2017. Isolates from patients and pre-filled saline flush syringes were closely related by PFGE, identifying contaminated flushes as the outbreak source and prompting a nationwide recall. Inspections of facilities at the saline flush manufacturer identified deficiencies that might have led to the failure to sterilize a specific case containing a partial lot of the product.

Conclusions

Communication and coordination among key stakeholders, including healthcare facilities, public health authorities, and state and federal agencies, led to the rapid identification of an outbreak source and likely prevented many additional infections. Effective processes to ensure the sterilization of injectable products are essential to prevent similar outbreaks in the future.
Characterizations of Minimum Structure- and Substructure-Cuts of Hypercubes
Authors: Yang Yuxing
Published: October 2018

For a graph G and a connected subgraph H of G, denote by ℋ(G;H) the set of subgraphs of G which are isomorphic to H and denote by ℋS(G;H) the union of sets of subgraphs of T, where T ranges over all the elements in ℋ(G;H). An H-structure-cut (respectively, H-substructure-cut) of G is a subset of ℋ(G;H) (respectively, ℋS(G;H)), if any, whose removal disconnects G. The H-structure connectivity (respectively, H-substructure connectivity) is the cardinality of a minimum H-structure-cut (respectively, H-substructure-cut) of G. The hypercube is one of the most attractive interconnection networks for large-scale multiprocessor computer systems. In this paper, we will characterize the minimum H-structure-cuts and the minimum H-substructure-cuts of hypercubes for H∈{K1,1,K1,2,K1,3,C4}.
A global meta-analysis of groundwater quality valuation studies
Authors: Brouwer Roy , Neverre Noémie
Published: October 2018

A global meta-analysis consisting of almost three decades of groundwater quality valuation studies is presented. New in this study is the focus on the uncertainties surrounding different groundwater quality levels and the control included for groundwater contaminants originating from agriculture and other sources. Separate meta-regression models are estimated for the USA, Europe and the World, detecting sensitivity to scope and reference dependence. Public willingness to pay appears more sensitive to uncertainty in the baseline scenario than in the policy scenario. The high explanatory power of the estimated meta-regression models and low prediction errors provide confidence in their usefulness for reliable benefits transfer.