bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk Assessment of PAHs in Solid Residues from Supercritical Water Gasification of Sewage Sludge
Authors: Xu Zhi Rong , Chen Feng Lan , Xu Ming Zhu , Gong Miao
Published: August 2013

In this study, the contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sewage sludge (SS) and solid residue (SR) from supercritical water gasification of SS were analyzed and the pollution degree and human health risk with PAHs in SS and SR samples were determined. SR samples were collected from different reaction condition, according to different reaction temperature, time and water content. The results show that the contents of PAHs in SR samples were increased after gasification reaction, ranging from1541 to 8234.8μg/kg, and that the PAHs with 4-6 rings are major pollutants in the SR samples. Based on Nemero Index P, the classification evaluation shows that the SR samples almost exceed the light polluted. While, the health risk assessment according to Benzo [pyrene total potency equivalents present that the health risks from PAHs are acceptable for children and adults using the SR sample for agricultural land.
The Extraction Behavior of Cu2+ with N,N,N',N'-Tetrabutyl-3-Oxy-Glutaramide from Hydrochloric Acid
Authors: Liu Xiao Lei , Sun Guo Xin , Dang Qing Yi , Zhao Xue Peng
Published: August 2013

The extraction behavior of Cu2+ using N,N,N,N-tetrabutyl-3-oxy-glutaramide from hydrochloric acid was studied. The effect of hydrochloric acid concentration, NaCl concentration, extractant concentration, and temperature on the extraction distribution of Cu2+ was also investigated. The result shows that the distribution ratio increases with an increase of the acid concentration, NaCl concentration or extractant concentration, but decreases with temperature, which demonstrates that the extraction reaction is exothermic.
Effect of New Irrigation Technology on the Physiology and Water Use Efficiency of Potato by Reclaimed Water Irrigation
Authors: Qi Xue Bin , Huang Zong Dong , Qiao Dong Mei , Li Ping , Zhao Zhi Juan , Fan Tao , Wu Hai Qing , Fan Xiang Yang , Hu Chao , Zhu Dong Hai , Wang Xin
Published: August 2013

Agriculture is a big consumer of fresh water in competition with other sectors of the society. The agricultural sector continues to have a negative impact on the ecological status of the environment. The worlds interest in high quality food is increasing. Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of subsurface drip irrigation on physiological responses, yield and water use efficiency, Soil nitrogen, Root weight density of potato in the semi-humid region of middle China using subsurface drip irrigation. The experiment used second-stage treated wastewater with and without addition of chloride, and both subsurface drip and furrow irrigations were investigated. Results indicated that the alternate partial root-zone irrigation is a practicable water-saving strategy for potato. The drip with chlorinated and non-chlorinated water improved water use efficiency by 21.48% and 39.1%, respectively, and 44.1% in the furrow irrigation. Partial root zone drying irrigation stimulates potato root growth and enhances root density. The content of the heavy metal in the potato tubers is no more than the National Food Requirements, and it is consistent with National Food Hygiene Stands.
Theoretical Modelling of the Particle Damper
Authors: Xia Zhao Wang , Fang Yuan Yuan
Published: August 2013

Particle damping is a method for improving damping of a dynamic system by means of energy dissipation due to repeated collisions of a free mass on the base structure. In this paper, the theoretical investigations carried out to study and characterize damping with respect to the level of base excitation. The mathematical model consists of a particle damping system. The response obtained from the mathematical model for the drum brake and paticle damper. Here the effect of particle damping is studied for low frequency and high amplitude excitation. Optimum parameters are determined for design of impact damper based on the mathematical model. A good match is obtained by theoretical results.
Purification Raw Water by Magnetic Resin (MIEX)
Authors: Ma Jian Wei , Song Ya Rui
Published: August 2013

The objective of this research was to compare enhanced coagulation with anion exchange for removal of natural organic matter (NOM) and bromide. Treatment with a magnetic ion exchange resin (MIEX) was the primary focus of this study. The performance of the magnetic ion exchange resin,MIEX, in the treatment of raw water was investigated. MIEX can effectively remove UV-absorbing substances DOC. The removal of organic substances is accompanied by the elimination of other undesirable components, such as nitrogen and phosphorus. The optimal process parameters are at resin doses of 5-10 mL L1and contact time of 10-15 min, as determined via jartests. Based on this study, MIEX treatment is a suitable and efficient pretreatment method for the removal of extra dissolved organic matters and nitrates in raw water .
Analysis of the Influential Factors of Waterlogging Caused by a Reservoir Impoundment and Evaluation of the Related Solutions
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Chen Gang , Hu Cheng , Zhang Long
Published: August 2013

After the impoundment of large reservoirs, the cut-off wall, originally built into the bedrock to cope with the immersion effects, can block the river backwater zone and minimize the risk of the consequential submergence. However, it also hinders the groundwater at the reservoir bank from flowing into the river, resulting in some sort of waterlogging disasters and causing some impact on the crops and buildings alongshore. This paper mainly focuses on the following three factors, i.e. the water table of the backwater zone, the rising height of capillary water and the characteristics of infiltration and evaporation. All of them are the most straightforward factors of the waterlogging of a reservoir. To tackle the issue, the paper has proposed a solution that combines the relief wells and drainage channels on the basis of the numerical simulation methods.
Evaluation of Climate Change Impact on Sustainability of Tailan Underground Reservoir in China
Authors: Appiah-Adjei Emmanuel Kwame , Shu Long Cang , Adjei Kwaku Amaning , Lu Cheng Peng
Published: August 2013

In order to ensure availability of water throughout the year in the Tailan River basin of northwestern China, an underground reservoir has been constructed in the basin to augment the groundwater resource and efficiently utilize it. This study investigates the potential impact of future climate change on the reservoir by assessing its influence on sustainability of recharge sources to the reservoir. The methods employed involved using a combined Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM) and Long Ashton Research Station Weather Generator (LARS-WG) to downscale the climate variations of the basin from a global climate model and applying them through a simple soil water balance to quantify their impact on recharge to the reservoir. The results predict the current mean monthly temperature of the basin to increase by 2.01°C and 2.84°C for the future periods 2040-2069 and 2070-2099, respectively, while the precipitations are to decrease by 25% and 36% over the same periods. Consequently, the water balance analyses project the recharge to the reservoir to decrease by 37% and 49% for the periods 2040-2069 and 2070-2099, respectively. Thus the study provides useful information for sustainable management of the reservoir against potential future climate changes.
Hydrology and Water Quality Survey Near the Gezhouba Dam in the Winter
Authors: Zhou Jia Fei , Wang Cong Feng , Liu De Fu , Xiang Jing Wen , Zhao Ping , Kou Fang Lu
Published: August 2013

Filed hydrology and water quality data were collected near the Gezhouba Dam early December of 2012 to analyze the response of Chinese Sturgeon survival condition to water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, transparency (SD) and bottom flow-velocity. The results showed that water temperature lag is unconspicuous. The water temperature of Gezhouba Dam Sanjiang (GDS) was lower than that of Gezhouba Dam River (GDR), and it hindered propagation of sturgeon eggs. DO decreased fast in the vertical water column of GDS, pH ranged from 7.5 to 7.71. The hydrology and water quality were suitable for the life condition of sturgeon eggs and fry, except index of bottom flow-velocity.
Prediction of Rainfall in Da-Dong-Yong Hydrologic Station Based on Wavelet Neural Network
Authors: Sang Xiu Li , Su Yu Zhen , Xiao Han Jie , Wang Hua , Xu Jian Xin
Published: August 2013

This paper aims to seek a way for improving rainfall prediction accuracy from the perspective of time unit points which are 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, and 30 days. Based on the daily rainfall data from 2001 to 2010 of Da-dong-yong hydrologic station, the rainfalls are predicted by establishing the model of wavelet neural network. Results show that prediction accuracy and stability of time unit points is 30-day > 25-day > 15-day > 10-day > 20-day > 5-day. The trend of six kinds of rainfall forecast is consistent. When the number of forecast data is fewer and time unit point is longer, the accuracy and stability of rainfall forecast are better.
Forecasting Analysis of Land Use Dynamic Change in Liaohe River Delta Wetlands
Authors: Zhou Lin Fei , Li Cheng Ming , Chen Qi Xin , Zhang Yu Long
Published: August 2013

The paper supported by 3S technology, based on the remote sensing images in different periods within the 7 years from 1988 to 2009 in Liaohe River Delta wetlands, conducts the following researches :(1) establish single dynamic degree model and comprehensive dynamic degree model, extract the data of different types of land , and analyze the reason of the changes in this region. Results indicate that: the area of residential land use in this region is increasing remarkably, reed-swamp resources is deceasing slightly, and the comprehensive land use degree is increasing stably.(2)establish the Liaohe River Delta wetlands transition probability matrix, and forecast the land use area of Liaohe River Delta in 2030 using Markov model. The results indicate that: the area of forest, reed-swamp, shoals shows a downward trend, paddy field, glebe, river/channel, reservoir/pond/lake, residential land shows an upward trend in 2030 in Liaohe River Delta wetlands. It is obvious that the area of wetlands shrunk severely. Ecological balance and quality will face crisis seriously in Liaohe River Delta wetlands in the future.
A Process-Based Energy Balance Snowmelt Model I: Principle
Authors: Jie Gao
Published: August 2013

Snow melting is an important process of snow hydrology. A process-based energy balance snowmelt model: Snow Column Model is developed to reveal the processes of energy conservation, phase change, mass transfer, compaction and growth of grain size. It could provide the information of snow density, temperature and liquid water held in snow packs varied with snowmelt processes. The observations during April and June, 1996 of snowpit in Niwot Ridge, Colorado, Front Range of Rocky Mountains are used to calculate and compare. The calculated ones are consistent with the observed. The model not only demonstrates the processes happened inside snow pack, but also will offer a better understanding of the response of snow pack to climate change in further studies.
Analysis for Suspended Load along the Fluctuating Backwater Region in Trial Impoundment of Three Gorges Reservoir
Authors: Liu Xiao Bin , Xu Hai Tao , Jin Zhong Wu , Zhou Yin Jun
Published: August 2013

Three gorges hydropower, the biggest hydropower project in the world at present, is a backbone project for flood control and water power development of Yangtze river. From the flood season in 2008 with the beginning test impounding to 2012 has been implemented for five years, that water level has been continue to rise to 175m during 2010 to 2012. After the impoundment to normal water level, backwater is near Jiangjin during dry season with water level of 175m and is nearby Changshou in flood with water level of 145m, then Changshou upstream is the fluctuating backwater region. In this paper, based on a large amount of measured hydrologic data with Zhutuo, Cuntan, Qingxichang and Beibei, Wulong hydrological station on fluctuating backwater region, firstly suspended sediment inflow changes is analyzed, secondly suspended sediment characteristics is studied from the grouping sediment content and gradation change along the river in experimental impounding, then suspended sediment basic characteristics is gained about varying backwater region.
Analysis of Flood Limited Water Level Determining Methods of Reservoir
Authors: Zhou Mi , Wang Ya Li , Feng Yan Sheng , Zhang Qing Qing
Published: August 2013

t is important to reasonably raise the reservoir flood limited water level in order to increase the utilization of the rainwater resources. The methods to set the flood limited water level include the static control and the dynamic control. And the dynamic control methods include the multiple duration method and the dynamic control method. All those methods were summarized and analyzed in this paper, especially the dynamic control. The advantages of the multiple duration method and the dynamic control method for the flood were indicated respectively. Those two methods were contrastively analyzed from the design principles, the application conditions, the actual operation complexity and the risk control factors. Then the conclusion was obtained, that the dynamic control method will be more advantageous and popular than the multiple duration the in the future.
Analysis of the Present Situation of Water Resources and Water Security in Zhejiang Province
Authors: Ma Zhan Qing , Gan Ya Ping , Xue Yong Mei , Wen Shu Yao
Published: August 2013

This paper analyzes the status quo and the existing problems of water resources in Zhejiang Province. Although with an abundant total quantity, the per capital hold of water resources here is low. Besides, this area is characterized by an uneven annual and inter-annual distribution of water resources, with frequent droughts and floods. The uneven regional distribution causes incompatible socio and economic development, and the low utilization of water resources leads to serious water pollution. In order to solve the existing problems and insure water security, the government proposed countermeasures which mainly cover the following items:first, to enhance the efficiency of water use and resolve contradictions between water supply and the demand; second, to promote rational development of water resources and strengthen comprehensive utilization; third, to raise the awareness of water security and promote innovations on the scientific management of water resources;fourth, to improve related mechanisms on water price and accelerate the pace of water rights trading.
Hydraulic Characteristic Analysis of Three Gorges Reservoir Xiangxi Bay
Authors: Tang Meng Jun , Jiang Ding Guo , Luo Xiao Bing , Dai Hui Chao
Published: August 2013

The hydrodynamic field distribution had a great influence on the expression form of water eutrophication and the process of algae bloom in lake and reservoir, especially for tributary bay of reservoir. The heterogeneity always appeared in the aquatic ecosystem which caused by the distinct difference of the hydraulic characteristic along the longitudinal direction of river. On this account, it is the guiding foundation for district comprehensive ecological improvement to understand water area hydraulic characteristic. A model was developed for the typical tributary Three Gorges Reservoir Xiangxi bay analysis using numerical method under the difference hydrodynamic factors circumstances. Finally, conclusions are summarized: The main impact factor of Xiangxi Bay hydraulic characteristic is the water level before dam which revealed the lower the level, the greater the flow rate, and with further distance increasing from the main stream ,the larger amplitude of velocity variation; moreover, the affected area by velocity of upstream water level fluctuating is ranging from transition region to the following area, the influence degree is proportional to the velocity that higher flow rate cause deeper affected degree. Results of our proposed model applications analysis procedure are given to provide the reference for establishing the scheme of ecologic regulation.
Research of Critical Precipitation Distribution in Sichuan Province Based on Spatial Interpolation Method
Authors: Wang Zhao Xian , Xu Wen Bo , Jing Shao Cai , Zhou Li Mei , Zhang Wen Zhi
Published: August 2013

Critical rainfall is one of the most important parameters of prediction, forecasting and early warning on mountain torrents disasters with important meanings for preventing mountain torrents disasters. In this paper, the measured rainfall method was taken to calculate the critical rainfall in typical regions based on the rainfall data of typical regional meteorological stations. Then, the Inverse Distance Weighting spatial interpolation method and Ordinary Kriging Interpolation method are taken based on the typical regional critical rainfall to get the critical rainfall distribution map of Sichuan Province. The critical rainfall distribution maps, which obtained from the two kinds of interpolation methods, both have universality and operability. Among them, the critical rainfall distribution map mapped by the Ordinary Kriging Interpolation method was more consistent with the practical situation.
Study on Ecological Water Requirement of Luyanghu Wetland in Weinan City, Shaanxi Province
Authors: Wu Jian Min , Li Yue , Xi Min , Kong Fan Long , Zhang Qing Lei , Dong Cheng Ren , Xie Xiu Feng
Published: August 2013

In order to maintain habitats status and prevent the degradation of ecosystems, the ecological water requirement should be considered in the plannings, especially for the arid and semi-arid regions. In this paper the effect of the Planning for Protection and Utilization of Luyanghu Wetland on the ecological water requirement of Luyanghu wetland was analyzed. The results indicated that the ecological water requirement in the planning was far more than the actual quantity which will intensify the severity of the local water shortage without suspicion. At last it was advised to apply the method of ecological benefit evaluation to deciding the best feasible scheme for the best ecological benefit.
A Model for Water Management in China
Authors: Huang Ai Ling , Cai Jing , Lu Jun
Published: August 2013

The objective of the article is to construct a model to help Chinese government with water policymaking. This paper will take the policy of water price ladder model as an example,respectively pricing for municipal water and industrial water. The strategy of waters price ladder can promote the conservation of water resources.
Effect Analysis on Rainwater Conservation Benefit of Concave Herbaceous Field in Jinan City
Authors: Tian Shou Gang
Published: August 2013

Effects of promoting rainwater infiltration and the impact factors of concave herbaceous field were analyzed in urban area of Jinan at different scenarios of designed rainfall frequencies, greening rates and concave depths. The capability of rainwater storage and infiltration is correlated negatively with designed rainfall frequency, and positively with concave depth, greening rate and soil infiltration coefficient. The results show that when the ratio of green space is 30% and the concave depth is 100mm, the rainwater collection rate of concave herbaceous field is 76.55% and 63.45% respectively under the rainfall of 1-year and 3-years return periods.
In Huhhot Water Resources Carrying Capacity Evaluation Synthetically
Authors: Zhou Rui Ping , Wu Yan Ru
Published: August 2013

Water resources, as a strategic resource, affect greatly ecological safety and sustainable development in a region. Based on meaning of Water resources carrying capacity, author selected three categories including of nine indexes and constituted index system. Huhhot, the capital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,water resources carrying capacity was analyzed in Principle Component Analysis. The results show that exploitative and using capacity of water resources from high to low in Huhhot is city area, Wuchuan county, Tuketuo county, Qingshuihe county, Helingeer county, and Tumotezuo banner. Although the city region in the six areas is highest on the exploitative and using capacity of water resources, its potential capacity in city region is lower than its counties around. Tumotezuo banner of the six areas is highest in potential carrying capacity.The contradiction of the city area between supplement and demand is bigger than that of its counties around.The key to improve carrying capacity of water resources is to reform the using model of water resources in city area.
Permeation Tests on Tianluoshan Relic Soils with Methyl Acrylic Acid Resin
Authors: Chen Pei Hang , Chai Xin Jun , Gao Jin He , Wang Yu Jiao
Published: August 2013

Tianluoshan relic sites is a typical earthen sites located at moisture circumstances, where craking, chalking, flaking and mould are the main geological diseases after excavation. For public exhibition and long-term preservation purpose, chemical stabilization were required. In this study, the potential application of methyl acrylic acid resin for solidification of Tianluoshan relic soils were evaluated by a series of laboratory permeation tests. The main considered influence factors include: dry density, initial water content and degree of saturation. The results show that the permeation effect of methyl acrylic acid resin were greatly related with dry density and initial water content of the earthen soils, the practical application guidance are also presented.
Effects of Intermittent Fluid Motion on Colony Formation of Microcystis aeruginosa in late Spring Raw Water
Authors: Li Lin , Qin Yan
Published: August 2013

The experiment was conducted by a small perspex ring groove, which generated intermittent water flow, under axenic condition and constant temperature and light, to understand the effects of water flow on colony formation ofMicrocystis aeruginosain the early spring raw water. The results showed that colony formation ofMicrocystis aeruginosawere observed in the control group and treatment groups. Colony characteristics in the treatment groups were more significant than in the control group, and the cell number of maximum colony in the treatment groups were 2.6-4 times more than in control group. So, water flow promoted to the colony formation ofMicrocystis aeruginosa, and colony ofMicrocystis aeruginosamost easily formed at flow rate of 25cm·s-1. The phenomenon may be the interaction of the polysaccharide produced by algae in light and cell-cell higher contact rate in water flow. There are optimal flow rate of colony formation for too high water flow producing mechanical shear force to reduce colony formation. The represent study provided the scientific basis for revealing colony formation of algae.
Research on H2S Removal from Yellow Phosphorus Off-Gas through Catalytic-Oxidizing under Low Temperature and Oxygen Content
Authors: Jia Li Juan , Guo Jun Ming , Ning Ping
Published: August 2013

Research was conducted to illustrate relevant questions about H2S removal from yellow phosphorus off-gas through catalytic-oxidizing method. Following results have been found out. Firstly, Molecule sieve ZMS-5A, activated carbon ZP-1, ZP-2, ZP-3 and ZP-4 were used as carrier to identify their performances on H2S removal, among which ZP-4 was the optimum one. Secondly, among 3 different impregnants tested in experiments, Na2CO3 was the ideal one to be used as active ingredients of catalyst. And 7% was the suitable concentration of Na2CO3 according to experiments. Finally, catalyst made of carrier ZP-4 impregnated with 7% Na2CO3 was assessed comprehensively to investigate its performance on impurity removal of PH3, H2S, SO2, COS, and CS2. After purification total impurity content in yellow phosphorus off-gas was less than 10g/Nm3, which means purified gas can be used as material as mono-carbon chemical industry.
The Influence on Exchanging Fluxes of Greenhouse Gases from Natural Grassland Reclaimed to Farmland
Authors: Wang Zhuo Yi , Zhao Ji , Wang Hong Xia , Zhao Qing Shan , Duan Jun Jie , Mei Bao Ling
Published: August 2013

In recent decades, a large number of farmlands have reclaimed from natural grassland. The reclamation affects the net fluxes of greenhouse gases, so it can influence the global balance of greenhouse gases. This paper shows the impact of the natural grassland reclaimed to farmland on the major greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, and N2O) exchanging fluxes.
The Plant Diversity and Soil Physicochemical Properties of Five National Roads in Xuzhou Area, China
Authors: Tan Xue Hong , Zhang Cui Ying , Kong Fan Cheng , Huang Da Wei
Published: August 2013

The plant diversity and soil physicochemical properties of five national roads in Xuzhou area were studied with the investigation methods of uniform distribution and typical sample and determination of soil properties in laboratory. The results show as follow:(1) There were 40 kinds of arbor,23 kinds of shrub, 40 kinds of herb in five national roads. P. lasiocarpa, Ligustrum lucidum, Juniperus chinensis cv. Kaizuka, Photinia serrulata and T. repens played important roles ,their important values were at the top.(2) The order of comprehensive Shannon-Wiener index was G206>G104>G311>G310>G205. Artificial trees and shrubs inhibited the growth of weeds to some extent. (3) Soil physicochemical properties were affected by human beings, large soil bulk density, high pH value, nutrient deficiency were a common feature of soil in five national roads.
A Study on Measurement of Tourism Environmental Carrying Capacity of Geoparks - A Case Study of Xinwen Karst World Geopark
Authors: He Fang Yong , Zhang Yong , Peng Pei Hao
Published: August 2013

Scientific assessment of tourism environmental carrying capacity is key to geotourism sustainable development. Based on exploring the definition of tourism environmental carrying capacity of geoparks and its characteristics, by adopting methods of AHP and literature review this paper focuses on establishing an appraisal indicator system of tourism environmental carrying capacity of geoparks. However, its more reasonable to give weights of appraisal indicators for a given geopark for geoparks greatly differ in terms of natural, economical and socio-cultural environment. Thus, taking Xinwen Karst World Geopark in Sichuan province as an example, the paper calculates weights of indicators of the parks tourism carrying capacity with AHP method and measures its tourism environmental carrying capacity by using average weighted method. The findings reveal that Xinwen Karst World Geopark is in mild overloading.
Governments Responsibility in Marine Disaster-On Victims Rights and Interests Protection in China
Authors: Zhang Xin , Shen Shu Xia
Published: August 2013

As one of the gravest natural disasters in China, Marine disaster brings about serious damages each year. In the 18th CPC national congress, Chinese leaders put forward with the goal of building a strong marine country, under this circumstance, the fight against marine disaster has gain strategic meaning. Based on the basic rights of survival and development, this paper elaborates marine disaster-victims rights and interests, those are right to life, right to know, right to receive assistance, participation right, title to property, right to resume production. As a large amount of marine disaster-victims rely on marine resources to make a living, they are highly vulnerable to marine disaster. Our government should ensure these rights in terms of concept, legal system, technology, economy and policy.
Quantitative Eco-Compensation Criterion in Taihu Lake Area of Jiangsu Province, China
Authors: Xie Rong Rong , Pang Yong
Published: August 2013

To redress the deteriorating environment, policies regarding river eco-compensation have been issued in China since 2008. Due to the high cost, eco-compensation has not been well implemented in the Taihu pilot region. Therefore, how to determine the compensation criterion is already a priority. In this paper, a compensation criterion model based on the treatment costs of sewage was introduced. Using the pollution source census data covering 2007, 2009, 2010 and 2011 in the Taihu lake area of Jiangsu province, the average eco-compensation criterion for chemical oxygen demand (COD) is 2,000 Chinese Yuan (CNY) ± 325 CNY per ton and ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N) and total phosphorus (TP) are 8,000 CNY ± 1,300 CNY and 80,000 CNY ± 13,000 CNY per ton, respectively. The new method can provide an important template for managers when drafting river eco-compensation schemes.
The Summarization of Impact of Water Conservancy Project on Fish and Protective Measures
Authors: Zhao Ping , Wang Cong Feng , Liu De Fu , Wang Hong Bo , Xiang Jing Wen , Zhou Jia Fei
Published: August 2013

The water conservancy projects bring benefits to the society. At the same time, they change the suitable habitat for fish, block the channel between upstream and downstream of fish; the reservoir discharged water had a negative impact on fishs breeding and growth. Therefore, we should actively take some appropriate protective and compensatory measures on fish while we construct water conservancy projects, which include establishing the fish germplasm bank, constructing fish passage facilities, releasing water from the reservoir hierarchically, constructing fish-breeding and releasing station and fish protected area, etc.
The Photosynthetic Characteristics of Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) for Different Canopy Leaves
Authors: Cao Yong Hui , Zhou Ben Zhi , Wang Xiao Ming , Wang Gang
Published: August 2013

The carbon sequestration ability of different ages of Phyllostachys pubescens was analyzed at three canopy layers with a LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system. Under different photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of upper and middle layers of 3-year old bamboo were significantly higher than that of lower layer. When the light was greater than 800 umol·m-2·s-1, the Pn of bamboo in middle layer was in the order of 3-year-old > 4-year- old >2-year-old >7-year-old bamboo. When the light was greater than 500 umol·m-2·s-1, Pn of lower layer was in the order of 3-year old > 4-year old >2-year old, while in the order of 3-year-old > 2-year -old >4-year-old bamboo during the low light range (PAR<200 umol·m-2·s-1).The chlorophyll a/b value, maximum net photosynthetic rate, light compensation point and light saturation point values change were reduced gradually with the decrease of canopy height.
Changes of Water Quality and Bacterial Number in Overlying Water during the Wheat-Straw Returning to Field
Authors: Wang Xiao Dan , Shen Gen Xiang , Zhu Ying , Qian Xiao Yong
Published: August 2013

By taking advantage of the model of wheat-straw returning to field, we investigated the survey on the transitional trend of the temperature, pH, DO, COD and the bacterial number of the overlying temperature when wheat-straw returned to field. The result indicated that on the 22nd day of the test, the pH (7.60) and DO value (4.12 mg/L) of the wheat-straw returning stimulation area were obviously lower than the pH(7.85) and DO value (6.98 mg/L) of the control area. However, the COD value (35.0 mg/L) was clearly higher than that of the control area (26.0 mg/L). The result showed that the organic content among the overlying water in the straw returning stimulation area was improved and meanwhile the capacity of the self-purification of water is lower. At the same time, there was no significant difference of the total number of bacteria between the overlying water and the control area (p=0.656218). However, the proportion of cellulose bacteria was the 75 times of that in the control area, with the absolute growth advantages.
Development of Briquetting Machine for Understory Forage Plants in the South
Authors: Chen Bin , Luo Ying She , Feng Yan
Published: August 2013

The classification of the understory industries, the developing significance of the understory forage plants and the researching status quo at home and aboard on forage plants briquetting machine are introduced briefly. On this basis, the development of briquetting machine for understory forage plants in the southern hilly region is introduced emphatically. The pressure is applied stationary with two cylinders and feed quality can be guaranteed perfectly, Constant temperature system is installed in the box then the feed with paste flavor; at the same time the developing prospects of the briquetting machine and understory economy are also well expected.
Effect of Different Nitrogen Levels on the Photosynthesis and Growth of Sweet Sorghum Seedlings under Salt Stress
Authors: Fan Hai , Meng Guo Hua , Cheng Ran Ran , Li Ling , Yun Xu , Wang Bao Shan
Published: August 2013

Seedlings of sweet sorghum were supplied with 0.1 mmol L-1, 2 mmol L-1, 5 mmol L-1 and 10 mmol L-1 nitrogen fertilizers under 0% or 0.6% NaCl conditions. Then the growth parameters of the seedlings including photosynthetic gas exchange and leaf chlorophyll a fluorescence were determined. Results showed that the seedlings grew worse under 0.6% NaCl. Furthermore, with the increase of nitrogen level, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (PHI(Po)) , the driving force on light absorption basis (D.F), the active reaction centers per cross section (RS/CSm), trapped energy per cross section (TRo/CSm) and PQ size of photosystem (PS) II (Sm) all increased and reached the peak at 5 mmol L-1 nitrogen level. On the other hand, heat dispassion per cross section (DIo/CSm) and the close extent of PS II reaction center (Vj and M0) all decreased with nitrogen level. The results indicated that the optimum nitrogen level for sweet sorghum is about 5 mmol L-1.
QSPR Models for the Physicochemical Properties of Polychlorinated Naphthalene Congeners
Authors: Zhu Jian Qing , Wang Wei , Xu Hui Ying
Published: August 2013

Based on quantitative structureproperty relationship (QSPR) of organic compounds, geometrical optimization and quantum chemical parameter calculations have been performed at the B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory for 75 polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs). A number of statistically-based parameters have been obtained. Relationship between the physicochemical properties of polychlorinated naphthalene compounds (n-octanol/air partition coefficient, sub-cooled liquid vapor pressure, water solubility) and the structural descriptors have been established by multiple linear regression (MLR) method. The results show that the molecular volume (Vmc), dipolar moment (μ), and the energy of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (ELUMO), together with the quantity derived from electrostatic potential () can be well used to express the quantitative structure-property relationships of polychlorinated naphthalene compounds. The models constructed have good robustness and high predictive capability.
Research Hotspots in Trehalose Synthase Gene Engineering
Authors: Xie Ding , Zhang Qiong , Li Xiang Hong , Zhu Jing , Sheng Min , Li Xiao Wen
Published: August 2013

This paper summarized and compared the characteristics of trehalose synthase (TS) from various bacteria and the research progress on TS gene engineering. The results show that analysis of TS structure and molecular modification are the research hotspots in TS gene engineering.
The Research of Vegetables and Fruits Storage by Air Discharge on Ship
Authors: Du Zhe Hua
Published: August 2013

Fresh maintenance is the main problem existing in the storage of vegetables and fruits on ship. This paper introduced a new technology for vegetables and fruits storage: air discharge. According to the experimental result, air discharge treatment had good effect on the storage. It could reduce the wastage of total soluble solids and titratable acid during the storage. And, it could also reduce percentage of threshing. Air discharge treatment on grape storage appearance had obvious good effect. Air discharge preservation technology can effectively extend the storage time of fruits and vegetables. Improper air discharge can also cause damage to plasmalemma of fruits and vegetables. Various air discharge products concentration must be in safe range. This preservation technology needed to further research for applying on ship.
Advances on Urban Impervious Surface Extraction Using Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Li Su , Wang Wen Chao , Li Lu Wen
Published: August 2013

Urban impervious surface is an artificial surface features of the city, affecting urban surface runoff, the hydrological cycle, water quality, local climate and biodiversity, is one of the important indicators of the modern urbanization and urban ecosystem monitoring. With the development of urban remote sensing, various resolution remote sensing images have been used in urban impervious surface extraction. In this paper, image source remote sensing image classification criteria focus on the application of the various resolution remote sensing image, application methods and applications; summary evaluation of the existing methods, finally pointed out the future prospects.
Estimating the Effects of DEM and Land Use Types on Soil Moisture Using HJ-1A CCD/IRS Images: A Case Study in Minhou County
Authors: Liu Yu Qin , Sha Jin Ming , Wang De Sheng
Published: August 2013

Soil moisture is of great significance for regional resources and environments. The combination of land surface temperature (Ts) and vegetation index (VI) is appropriate for monitoring the regional surface soil moisture status. In this study, we employed HJ-1B CCD/IRS images,DEMand land use types to obtain the information about soil moisture for Minhou county in FuZhou. Firstly,TVDIreflected the soil moisture status was analyzed with in-situ soil moisture measurements based on two kinds of different vegetation indexes (NDVI/EVI). Secondly, the relationship betweenTVDIandDEMwas analyzed. Finally, the soil moisture status of each land use type was explored combined with the main land use types of study area. Research findings indicate that: (1)TVDIcan effectively reflect the spatial pattern of soil moisture andTs/EVIhas a higher accuracy thanTs/NDVI; (2) the spatial distribution of soil moisture is obviously affected by the altitude; (3) there exists correlationship between soil moisture and land use types in study area.
Land Classification Method and Analysis Based on Remote Sensing Technology
Authors: Sun Tong He , Yan Guo Qing
Published: August 2013

In recent years, the research about land utilization changing already became one of the research about global changing's key topics, the land utilization classification, as its sub-topic, also attract men's high attention. Remote Sensing (RS) and the Geographic Information System (GIS) as the two big spatial technology tool to support modern geography, their union arouses people's universal interest and research. Because the remote sensing information has the advantage of covering wide area, timeliness and current situation, quick speed, short cycle and reliable accurate as well as time-saving, effort-saving, low status merit expense, it is widely used in the land resource and land utilization situation investigation at present, land utilization change monitor and so on. This paper discusses land utilization classification based on remote sensing technology. Taking the Xinjiang Kulja county bureau department area remote sensing images as the basic information, and using ERDAS IMAGINE, this paper discusses non-supervised classification and supervised classification methods. The results show that remote sensing technology applies to land utilization situation and land classification, which has reference value.
The Spectral Model Construction between MODIS SWIR and HJ-1 CCD Blue Channel and its Application in Aerosol Retrieval
Authors: Sun Chang Kui , Sun Lin , Li Dan , Zhao Zheng , Yu Kun
Published: August 2013

For the lacks of a shortwave infrared (SWIR) band, aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieval by HJ-1 A/B CCD datasets is limited obviously. This article simulated the relationships of surface reflectance between HJ-1 CCD blue band and MODIS SWIR channel using typical object spectra from ASTER spectral library. A new surface reflectance determining model at HJ-1 CCD blue band was constructed by introducing MODIS SWIR channel as support, and was used in HJ-1 A/B CCD aerosol optical depth retrieval. The validation using AERONET ground measurements indicated that the proposed aerosol retrieval method has preferable accuracy and stability.
Development and Realization of Contaminated Sites Information and Remediation Decision System Based on GIS
Authors: Zhang Li Na , Liu Hui , Jiang Lin , Zhu Xiao Ying , Zhang Dan , Li Jing Dong
Published: August 2013

Based on the geographic information systems and database technology, this study set up a contaminated sites information and remediation management decision-making system using Beijing sites data, which include a web portal interface and three major modules: site management, risk assessment and remediation decision. People can inter the system to browse and inquiry the information concerned, zoom in and zoom out the map, statistics and analysis the data. This system provided tools for risk assessment, remediation decision and expert review. This system will provide technical support for government departments and technical institutions.
Potential Distribution Prediction of Semiothisa cinerearia in China Based on GARP Ecological Niche Model
Authors: Zhang Zhuo , Yang Li Peng , Zhou Chan , Liu Guang Chun
Published: August 2013

The hazard ofSemiothisa cinereariawas explosive in multiple regions of China in recent years. The potential geographic distribution ofS. cinereariain China was predicted by the GARP ecological niche model combining with terrain and climate informations. The results indicated that 8 environmental variables could improve the accuracy of prediction. The test by using 50% of all the samples showed good performance and all the known distribution points in China were all correctly predicted. The potential distribution areas ofS. cinereariaincluded whole China except Tibet, Qinghai, Xizhang, Hainan, Taiwan and south of Guangdong and Guangxi. And the central, North, East and Northeast of China had high suitability (>90%). Measures inhibitingSophora japonicashould be taken protect early and rapidly in its suitable areas.
Characterization and Antitumor Activity of a Glucan Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis
Authors: Li Shi Gang , Zhang Yong Qi
Published: August 2013

A water-soluble polysaccharide named as HPS-1 was isolated from the roots of Hedysarum polybotrys Hand.-Mazz by hot water extraction, anion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography and tested for its antitumor activity. Its structural characteristics were investigated by FTIR, HPLC, NMR spectroscopy, GLCMS, methylation analysis, Periodate oxidation and Smith degradation. Based on the data obtained, HPS-1 was found to be an α- (14)-D-glucan, with a single α-D-glucose at the C-6 position every nine residue, on average, along the main chain. The glucan has a weight-average molecular weight of about 9.4×104 Da. MTT assay revealed that HPS-1 significantly inhibited the proliferation of Human hepatocellular carcinoma HEP-G2 cells and human gastric cancer MGC-803 cells in vitro, indicating HPS-1 could have a possible cancer therapeutic potential.
Vegetation Canopy Coverage Estimation Using Physical Models
Authors: Zhang Lin Jing , Ma Hong Zhang , Zhou Zhu Bo , Ren Zhong Liang , Zhu Xiao Bo , Sun Lin
Published: August 2013

Based on the physical models of PROSPECT, SAIL and porosity model, hyperspectral data and canopy coverage data of different combined scenes were simulated. According to the simulated data, we chose four sensitive bands and four sensitive vegetation indexes highly correlated to vegetation canopy coverage, and analyzed the correlation between sensitive bands, sensitive vegetation indexes and canopy coverage. Then we built a regression model of canopy coverage with EVI highly correlated with canopy coverage. At last, we verified this model by experimental data from ground measurement experiment. It shows that there is a high correlation between EVI and canopy coverage and the regression model built by EVI can produce an effective result and the RMSE is less than 0.09.
Analysis of Ecosystem Service Values Change Using Land Use Data in Hulunbeier Grassland
Authors: Zhang Chen , Teng Yan Guo , Lv Shi Hai , Li Dai Qing , Feng Chao Yang
Published: August 2013

Land use change has major impact on goods and services which environment supplies for society. However, field scale monitoring schemes for ecosystem services or ecosystem values are missing, proxy based indicators can assess the historic development of ecosystem services and values. In this study, we use land use data from 2000 to 2010 to show at the example of the historic ecosystem service values development in Hulunbeier grassland. The regional assessment shows an overall trend for degradation of ecosystem service values from 2000 to 2010.
The Effect on Soil Microbial Biomass and Soil Nutrient of Interplanted in Chestnut Forest
Authors: Yang Zhi Chen , Li Hong , Zhou Lian Di , Bai Jin Shun
Published: August 2013

By analyzing the different crop interplanting test in chestnut forests, the results show that soil nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and available phosphorus fell in October when intercropped plants, this may be related to the growth of chestnut trees absorb nutrients and microorganisms in the soil. The results of this study show that interplanting different plants had an impact on soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass phosphorus. Microbial biomass carbon turnover rate in the order: ryegrass> clean tillage> natural grass> Alfalfa> flat Agropyron> soybean; turnover rates of soil microbial biomass phosphorus in the order: clean tillage> Alfalfa> ryegrass natural grass> soy> flat crested wheatgrass.
Estimation on Land Intensive Utilization Potential of Tangshan High-Tech Industrial Development Zone in Hebei Province
Authors: Zhang Qing Jun , Shang Guo Fei
Published: August 2013

Estimation on land intensive utilization potential provided decision support for the development zone expansion and upgrading audit. Development zone land intensive utilization potential mainly included the expansion potential, the structural potential, the strength potential and the management potential, in addition, the content of the four potential were analyzed. According to the content of the potential, it was measured that the expansion potential, the structure potential, the strength potential, the management potential of land intensive utilization and the years for land exploiting in Tangshan High-tech industrial development zone. The estimation results show that the land intensive utilization potential was mainly represented by its strength potential and expansion potential. Based on the above studies, the practical policy recommendations were proposed.
Rural House-Building and Land Resource Use Control
Authors: Li Li Wen , Yu Chong
Published: August 2013

The unprecedented loss of arable land has long been a matter of urgent concern to the Chinese government. Rural house-building craze in some underdeveloped area in China is one of the main factors which caused the destruction of farmland . Why do villagers use scarce farmland to construct house? And why has the Chinese government been unable to control housing construction in the countryside? Previous studies of the factors motivating the rural housing boom tend to explain this either as an economic rational actors or a social mobility tactic.This paper presents interview in a village in Jiangxi province, and shows that land management out of order, the social aspirations of families and the habitus of land use rules are major stimuli of the rural house-building craze.