bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advances in Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Xu Wen , He Jing , Shu Yanfeng , Zheng Hui
Published: October 2020

Deep Learning, also known as deep representation learning, has dramatically improved the performances on a variety of learning tasks and achieved tremendous successes in the past few years. Specifically, artificial neural networks are mainly studied, which mainly include Multilayer Perceptrons (MLPs), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). Among these networks, CNNs got the most attention due to the kernel methods with the weight sharing mechanism, and achieved state-of-the-art in many domains, especially computer vision. In this research, we conduct a comprehensive survey related to the recent improvements in CNNs, and we demonstrate these advances from the low level to the high level, including the convolution operations, convolutional layers, architecture design, loss functions, and advanced applications.
Sources, Fate, and Impact of Microplastics in Aquatic Environment
Authors: Mehra Sukanya , Sharma Khushboo , Sharma Geetika , Singh Mandeep , Chadha Pooja
Published: October 2020

Over the past decade, enhanced scientific interest has produced an expanding knowledge base for microplastics. The highest abundance of microplastics is typically associated with coastlines and oceans but the fate of these microplastics is elusive. Microplastics sink following fragmentation which is further ingested by marine biota thus imposes threat to them. Thus, the present review focuses on properties and sources of microplastics, its impact on environment, the bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of microplastics and its impact on living biota. This study would be helpful for the development and implementation of risk management strategies for managing the disposal of microplastics.
Anatomically Adjustable Device for Large-Area Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Keiko Lima Fujita Alessandra , José Chianfrome Daniel , Sigari Moreira Vinicius , Luiz Zanchin Anderson , Fernanda Campos de Menezes Priscila , Salvador Bagnato Vanderlei
Published: October 2020

The illumination system composed of LEDs is an anatomically adjustable device of high intensity that can be applied in different areas of the body. It can be applied in health care, as in the dermatological and esthetic treatments. The device improved the treatment of pathological diseases (e.g. actinic keratosis) since disseminated lesions were reached in a single application, thus reducing the time of the procedure and ensuring homogeneous light distribution. It was compared with a smaller and non-adjustable illumination device and evaluated in the treatment of actinic keratosis. The results showed its versatile application and a uniform adjustment to body curvatures.
Influence of Annealed Aluminum Properties on Adhesion Bonding of Cold Sprayed Titanium Dioxide Coating
Authors: Irinah Omar Noor , Yamada Motohiro , Yasui Toshiaki , Fukumoto Masahiro
Published: October 2020

It is well known that cold spraying ceramic materials can be difficult because cold spraying requires plastic deformation of the feedstock particles for adhesion to the substrate. The challenge lies in the difficulty of plastically deforming hard and brittle ceramic materials, such as TiO2. Previous studies have reported the possibility of cold spraying thick pure TiO2 but the bonding mechanism of cold sprayed TiO2 is not fully understood. The factor like substrate condition as oxide film thickness and mechanical properties may also affect cold spray deposition but not fully understood in cold spraying ceramic. The aim of the present research is to investigate the correlation between the oxide thickness and substrate deformation with the adhesion strength of cold-sprayed TiO2 coatings toward the bonding mechanism involved. Relevant experiments were executed using Al 1050, subjected to various annealing temperatures and cold-sprayed with TiO2 powder. The results indicate a decreasing trend of coating adhesion strength with increasing annealed substrate temperature from room temperature to 400°C annealed. Metallurgical bonding is pronounced as bonding mechanism involved between TiO2 particle and annealed 1050 substrate.
Toplumsal Teknolojik Gelişmeler Açısından Sosyal Bilimlerin İşlevi ve Toplumla Etkileşimi
Authors: Er Kemal , YOLCUOĞLU İsmet Galip
Published: October 2020

Tarihsel süreçte toplumlar, teknolojideki, kültürdeki, ideolojilerdeki değişimler vb. etkisiyle daha karmaşık toplumsal yapılara doğru evirilmiştir. Fizik bilimlerde, teknolojideki gelişmeler çok hızlı gelişmiş, sosyal bilimlerde, kültürde olan değişimler ise aynı hızda ilerleyememiştir. Ancak, bütün bir tarihin de gösterdiği gibi, sosyal bilimler gelişmeden ne fizik bilimlerin ne de sosyo-ekonomik gelişmelerin yerini bulması olanaklı değildir. O nedenle buradaki makalede, öncelikle, bilimsel yaklaşımlar dikkate alınarak, genel olarak bilimin ve sosyal bilimlerin sağlam temeller üzerinde oturması üzerinde durulmuştur. Devamında bazı önemli teorisyenlerin, düşünürlerin görüşlerine de yer verilerek, toplumsal gelişme açısından sosyal bilimlerin işlevi, farklı yaklaşımların düşünce dünyasına kazandırdıkları zenginliklerle anlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Aynı zamanda toplumlardaki değişmelere dikkat çekilerek, sosyal bilimlerin bu değişimlerle olan ilişkisi, etkileşimi açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Buradaki satırlarda yer alan derinliğine incelemeler ve analizlerle toplumsal gelişme açısından sosyal bilimlerin işlevini değerlendirmek makalenin amacıdır. Sağlıklı bir toplumsal gelişme olabilmesi için, sağlıklı bir temelde gelişen sosyal bilimlere ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır. Bu durum ise, konu üzerinde gerçekleştirilen makalenin farkındalık yaratma açısından ne kadar önemli olduğunu açıklamaktadır. Çalışmada literatür taraması yöntemi kullanılmıştır. İncelenen teoriler ve yaklaşımlar, literatür taraması yöntemi benimsenerek, yorum ve analizlerle güçlendirilmek istenmiştir.
COVİD-19 Pandemisi Sürecinde Öğretim Elemanlarının Uzaktan Eğitime İlişkin Görüşlerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: SAYAN Hamiyet
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışma; örgün eğitim yapan kurumlarda Covid-19 nedeniyle, ansızın geçiş yapılan uzaktan eğitim uygulamalarının, öğretim elemanı gözüyle değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda İstanbul’daki bir devlet Eğitim Fakültesi ve bir vakıf Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesinde çalışan ve uzaktan eğitim yöntemiyle ders veren öğretim elemanlarının görüşleri 45 sorudan oluşan bir anket yoluyla toplanmıştır. Çalışmada, öğretim elemanlarının uzaktan eğitim uygulamalarında karşılaştıkları durumları genel anlamda belirleyerek, incelemek ve yeni uygulamalara ışık tutmak istenmektedir. Çalışma tarama modelde desenlenmiş, kesitsel tipte niceliksel olarak planlanan bir çalışmadır. Çalışmada; araştırılan konu hakkında bilgi verecek olan bireylerin ya da durumların seçildiği yöntem olan, amaçlı örneklem yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda öğretim elemanlarından elde edilen bulgular Tablolarda sunulmuş ve yorumlanmıştır. Yapılan çalışmanın özellikle uzaktan eğitime geçmeyi düşünen, yeni geçmiş olan veya zorunlu hallerde uygulamaların etkililiğini artırmayı düşünen öğretim elemanlarına bilgi vereceği, eğitim kurumlarına yol göstereceği, bu konuda yaşanabilecek sıkıntılara yönelik önlemler almalarına katkıda bulunacağı açılarından önemli görülmektedir.
Kognitionsverber og kontrasten mellem indikativ- og infinitivkomplement
Authors: Boye Kasper , Andersen Anders , Engberg-Pedersen Elisabeth
Published: October 2020

Many Danish cognition verbs take both indicative and infinitive complements. We examine what the contrast between the two complement types codes. The literature offers two answers. One is that the contrast has to do with coreferentiality: if the cognition verb’s primary argument is coreferential with the primary argument of the complement, the complement tends to be infinitive; if not, the complement must be indicative. The other answer concerns the contrast between propositions and states-of-affairs: the indicative complement designates a proposition, the infinitive complement a state-of-affairs. Corpus studies support both answers. They also support an analysis of indicatives as proposition markers. But infinitives cannot – straightforwardly – be analysed as state-of-affairs markers.
Har dansk produktive postpositioner?
Authors: Nguyen Michael
Published: October 2020

In this paper, I argue that a number of elements in Danish have postpositional properties and could be regarded as postpositions. Since the particle construction and the postpositional construction have the same word order (NP < particle/postposition), it is necessary to distinguish between the two constructions. For this purpose, I introduce four syntactic tests. I examine the empirical data and argue that the postpositional elements come in two shapes: they either express (i) directionality (goal and source) or (ii) temporal and physical spaces.
Levels of other-regarding preferences and the structure of the interaction
Authors: Orlova Olena
Published: October 2020

The paper contributes to the literature on other-regarding preferences challenging the narrow self-interest assumption. Experimental evidence confirms that the same individuals might express different otherregarding preferences in different situations or contexts. The structure of their interaction, their relative positions in it might trigger different behavioral patterns. In this paper we propose a model of multi-level other-regarding preferences assuming that different levels are actualized depending on the context in which an individual has to take her decision. We analyze the experimental trust game letting the players have multi-level preferences. Under certain parameterization and asymmetric information assumption, we show that the share given up by the leader of the game in favor of the follower is strictly monotonically increasing with altruism of the former. It is also demonstrated that utilitarian social welfare is increasing with the leader’s altruism if the players are not extremely risk-averse. In the case when information for both players is incomplete, a separating equilibrium exists allowing to distinguish between leaders with different other-regarding preferences.
Ocena ważności informacji przy diagnozie trendów giełdowych przez inwestorów indywidualnych
Authors: Lewandowska Agnieszka , Sokołowska Joanna , Sopoćko Andrzej
Published: October 2020

Celem badania było: (1) ustalenie, które wskaźniki rynkowe i makroekonomiczne są wykorzystywane przez indywidualnych inwestorów do oceny trendów na rynku papierów wartościowych oraz (2) sprawdzenie efektywności technik pomiaru ważności informacji wykorzystywanych do podjęcia decyzji nt. trendu. W pierwszej części badania 176 inwestorów spośród 16 wskaźników wybierało 7, ich zdaniem najważniejszych. Następnie respondenci rangowali wybrane wskaźniki oraz dzielili między nie 100 punktów (bezpośrednie pomiary ważności). W oparciu o podane przez inwestorów rangi wyliczano wagi aproksymacyjne z zastosowaniem dwóch metod: sumy i porządku rang. W drugiej części badania zadaniem respondentów było określenie, jaki jest trend na rynku papierów wartościowych, w oparciu o samodzielnie wybrane informacje z puli 16 dostępnych wskaźników (pośredni pomiar – tablica informacyjna).
BARUCH FISCHHOFF
Authors: Sawicki Przemysław
Published: October 2020

Baruch Fischhoff, amerykański psycholog urodzony 21 kwietnia 1946 roku w Detroit (stan Michigan), karierę naukową rozpoczął na Wayne State University, gdzie w 1967 roku zdobył tytuł Bachelor of Science z matematyki oraz psychologii jednocześnie. Jeszcze tego samego roku przeniósł się do The Hebrew University w Izraelu, gdzie w 1972 roku obronił tytuł magistra psychologii, a w 1975 uzyskał stopień doktora psychologii. Obecnie jest profesorem Uniwersytetu Carnegie Mellon na Wydziale Nauk Społecznych i Decyzji oraz na Wydziale Inżynierii i Polityki Publicznej1. Jest autorem i współautorem 11 książek oraz ponad 300 artykułów naukowych. Baruch Fischhoff jest także członkiem ponad 30 organizacji, między innymi National Academy of Sciences oraz National Academy of Medicine, jak również byłym prezydentem Society for Judgment and Decision Making oraz Society for Risk Analysis.
Personality traits of women with psychogenic infertility (on different levels of organization of individuality)
Authors: Mordas Ekaterina Sergeevna , Berseneva Yana Vladimirovna
Published: October 2020

This article reviews the results of research dedicated to personality characteristics of women struggling with psychogenic infertility (on different levels of organization of individuality: physical, affective and behavioral). It is assumed that all levels of organization of individuality are interrelated, which allows observing a holistic picture of personality of women involved in the study. The goal consists in examination of personality traits of women with reproductive disorders on physical, personal and social levels of the organization of individuality. The subject of this research is the psychological peculiarities, coping strategies, and psychological defenses of women with reproductive disorders on different levels of organization of individuality. The following methods were applied: empirical, such as testing and quantitative methods (charting); statistical, such as correlation analysis; qualitative methods, such as generalization, systematization, comparison. The scientific novelty lies in studying personality traits of women with reproductive disorders on different levels of the organization of individuality. The conclusion is made that women struggling with psychogenic infertility (comparing to women with no such disorder) are characterized with the following personality traits on different levels of the organization of individuality: 1) on the physical level – distorted perception and dissatisfaction with their body; 2) on the personal (affective) level – high anxiety, both reactive and personal; alexithymia; rigidity; inclination to depressive disorders; 3) on the social (behavioral) level –  facing difficult life situations, women with reproductive disorders are not able to take responsibility, and often resort to such defense mechanisms as denial, avoidance, regression and projection.
Political pedagogy and its role within humanistic knowledge: analysis of Western approaches
Authors: Poyarkov Sergei Yur'evich
Published: October 2020

The subject of this research is the conceptualization of political education in educational science. Political education functions as a privileged point of intersection of various political discourses. It is claimed that different versions of political education comply with different ontological and epistemological assumptions, normative approaches towards democracy, and concepts of correlation between education, humanistic knowledge, and politics. It is noted that in majority of historical and philosophical concepts of democracy, there is a tacit link between politics and education. Recommendations for educational practice contain the definition of pedagogy within the framework of the theory of political education, as well as specific pedagogical methodologies with consideration of humanistic knowledge. The author describes the versions of political education that emerged as a result of analysis of the material. The corresponding political discourse and its philosophical principles, educational consequences for politics and practice, as well as debates and criticism, are viewed for each version. Thus, the elitarian version of political education and political pedagogy is associated with the elitarian democratic discourse. The supporters of liberal political education need education for political, epistemological, and moral reasons. Political equality can be guaranteed only in the society of informed and rational citizens; therefore, democracy requires the universalization of education. Neoliberals, in turn, recommend substituting public education with practice of competitive market, while debating pedagogues understand the education of democratic civic consciousness as cultivation of skills and values for the public discussion.
Comedy film as a modern embodiment of the culture of laughter
Authors: Bedenko Vladimir Nikolaevich
Published: October 2020

The object of this article is the comedy cinematography. The subject is the comedy cinematography as a manifestation of the culture of laughter. The author examines such aspects of the topic as the culture of laughter and the history of its conceptualization in the humanities knowledge, historical manifestations of the culture of laughter in different eras. Special attention is given to the idea that comedy film is a significant embodiment of the culture of laughter in modern art. The author analyzes comedy as genre of cinematography; substantiates the impact of comedy film upon society through the means of cinematography as an audiovisual art. The main conclusions of the conducted research consist in the determined functions of comedy film as a manifestation of the culture of laughter in the modern era;  an idea that comedy cinematography along with manifestations of the culture of laughter of the previous historical eras, forms a specific anti-cultural world that demonstrates an underside of the surrounding world , and mostly of the society. The author’s special contribution into this work lies in consideration of the comedy genre of cinematography within the concept of the culture of laughter, which allowed highlighting the new aspects of this phenomenon and substantiating its significance in the spiritual life of modern society. The novelty consists in application of the conceptual framework of the culture of laughter with regards to the analysis of comedy film, which views the phenomenon at hand from the universal worldview perspective.
Ontology of a metaphor: the way from apophaticism to cataphaticism in the cognitive path to God
Authors: Strigin Mikhail
Published: October 2020

This work reasonably substitutes the literary and aesthetic understanding of metaphor as a poetic technique of expressiveness with the epistemological understanding of metaphor as an instrument for expanding the semantic possibilities of perception. Ontological dimension of a metaphor is reconstructed in accordance with the concept of “inertia” of nature. Nature repeatedly reproduces the previously acquired in some area of the phenomenal, while appearance of a human proliferated such reproduction to the area of the noumenal. Repetition of such reproductions of the acquired testifies to the fractality of being. Metaphor turns the linear evolution of semantics into a complex nonlinear process through topological transformations. It becomes most efficient in the cataphatic operation of “composition”. Unlike apophaticism, metaphor not only takes to a new level of cognition, but also arranges all these levels in accordance with the fractal nature of being. Therefore, metaphor is the primary means for transforming fractality into an epistemological tool in the area of the noumenal. If analytical reasoning fractionize the idea, by increasing the entropy of semantics, the metaphorical assertions reduce it, focusing the thought and synthesizing new semantic patterns. Such a focus fractalizes semantics, which should ultimately result in a semantic explosion and, most likely, bring a man closer to God.
The confrontation in the scenario of vaccines, health, and COVID-19
Authors: Paula Junior Waldemar de , Fernandes Felipe Alves , Andrade Mariléia Chaves
Published: October 2020

Not applicable
Preconception Care to Improve Pregnancy Outcomes: The Science
Authors: Atrash Hani , Jack Brian
Published: October 2020

Introduction: In the last decades, improvements in the care of pregnancy and child development have been observed worldwide. However, pregnancy problems remain high in most countries. There was a concentration of care in the prenatal period as the primary approach for improving pregnancy results. Currently, attention to the care of pregnant women, women who have recently given birth, and newborns are focused on the care of preconception to improve the results of pregnancy and improve the outcomes of child growth and development.
Objective: Describe the evidence for preconception care (PCC) and information to the health care provider, as well as describe instruments to present health care providers with PCC, its definition, its components, recommended interventions, and the scientific basis for recommendations.
Methods: There was a search for published and unpublished literature related to scientific evidence for the effectiveness of PCC in improving pregnancy results. The search was carried out based on Pubmed and using data scraping techniques, in the material available on the internet and disseminated by international organizations, such as the World Health Organization and reports by government agencies.
Results: It is reported that the literature on the scientific basis for PCC is fragmented, and most publications discuss evidence of one or a few interventions, with the majority of reports considering PCC for specific populations, such as women with chronic health problems and couples with infertility. However, these publications do not offer a realistic view of the proposed PCC interventions, with the scientific evidence that supports them. The general aspects of the existing literature and the recommended preconceived care interventions are described, together with the quality of the scientific evidence and the strength of the recommendations behind each of these interventions.
Conclusion: Many clinical interventions have been identified that could be offered to women before conception to help avoid adverse outcomes. Most of these interventions have scientific evidence to support their role in improving pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, it is recommended that clinical care providers incorporate evidence-based prejudice services in their daily care of women of reproductive age, in an effort to improve women’s health before and during pregnancy, as well as improve pregnancy outcomes for women and their children.
Relato de um caso com rápida evolução e desfecho satisfatório em criança com provável Síndrome de Guillain- Barré
Authors: Gallo Luciana Guerra , Oliveira Ana Flávia de Morais , Matos Luíza Morais de , Abrahão Amanda Amaral , Silva Flávia de Assis , Mendes João Pedro , Pereira Carolina Martins , Molinari Amanda Silva Franco , Maciel Ernane Pires
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is the most frequent cause of acute and sub-acute flaccid paralysis after polio eradication. Although rare, it is recognized as the leading cause of flaccid paralysis among the admissions to pediatric intensive care for acute neuromuscular diseases.
Objective: To report the case of a 14-month-old male patient with a probable diagnosis of GBS with acute, myelinated motor sensitive neuropathy, with probable secondary axonal involvement, with rapid clinical recovery.
Case Report: A male patient admitted in a reference hospital in the Federal District, Brazil, residing in the Integrated Development Region of the Federal District and Surroundings. The child was 14 months old and 8.6 kg, with an updated vaccination status and neuropsychomotor development appropriate for his age, with a condition of paresis in the lower limbs, without cognitive changes. After 14 hours of admission, due to the worsening of his clinical situation and the albumino-cytological dissociation identified by the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid, it was started immunotherapy with intravenous human immunoglobulin, 0.7g/kg/day for three days. Twenty four hours after start of treatment, the child showed a clinical improvement of his general condition. The patient was discharged after five days of hospitalization. After 76 days of discharge, there was a significant improvement in neuropsychomotor development, despite a slight delay in its development.
Conclusion: Due to the rarity of Guillain-Barré Syndrome among young children, it is important that health professionals remain sensitive to capture and treat unusual cases in a timely manner. We also recommend that the identified cases be monitored carefully, in order to check if the Guillain-Barré Syndrome, and its variants, can explain developmental disorders a posteriori.
The numerous denominations of the Brugada syndrome and proposal about how to put an end to an old controversy - a historical-critical perspective
Authors: Mendes Joseane Elza Tonussi , Nikus Kjell , Barbosa-Barros Raimundo , Pérez-Riera Andrés Ricardo
Published: October 2020

Backgroung: The eponymous Brugada Syndrome (BrS) in honor of its discovery as an independent entity by the Spanish/ Catalan Brugada brothers, Pedro and Josep, has deserved numerous denominations derived mainly from the clinical genotype/phenotype correlation. The purpose of this manuscript is to present and analyze the nomenclatures that this intriguing and challenging syndrome has received over the past 28 years. We also compared the main features between cases from the first report of the Brugada brothers and an article by Martini et al. The nomenclatures used by these authors are closely linked to the BrS, but the cases (except one) presented in the article by Martini et al do not present the type 1 Brugada ECG pattern, which is mandatory for the diagnosis of BrS.
Inaccuracy of Forefoot Axial Radiographs in Determining the Coronal Plane Angle of Sesamoid Rotation in Adult Hallux Valgus Deformity: A Study Using Weightbearing Computed Tomography
Authors: Kawalec Jill S. , Ehredt Jr Duane J. , Bakhaj Kiarash , Fleck Joseph , Nutter Kelsi , Osher Lawrence
Published: October 2020

Background

Hallux abducto valgus is a triplane deformity with recent attention given to the significance of correcting the coronal plane component. This study explored the accuracy of the forefoot axial (FFA) study as a standard radiographic assessment method compared with weightbearing computed tomography (CT).

Methods

Twelve feet with hallux abducto valgus from 12 individuals were included in this study. Three images of the affected foot were taken: FFA radiograph and weightbearing CT with the foot in maximum pronation (pronated CT) and maximum supination (supinated CT). Five investigators determined the sesamoid rotation angles (SRAs) from each of the images. The measurements from a single investigator were used to compare the SRA means from each of the image types, and those from all five investigators were used to determine reliability.

Results

The mean ± SD SRA was 22.1° ± 7.6° for pronated CT, 10.5° ± 5.0° for supinated CT, and 12.2° ± 9.4° for FFA images. The mean SRA from the pronated CT was significantly greater than the supinated CT (P < .001) and FFA (P < .005) SRAs. There were no significant differences in mean SRA between the FFA and supinated CT images (P > .99). Results indicated high reliability in measurements among investigators.

Conclusions

Using weightbearing CT, these findings indicate that the sesamoids significantly alter their position in the coronal plane, as determined by the SRA, with changes in weightbearing subtalar joint position. Moreover, the affected foot positioning required for determining the SRA from the FFA radiograph seems to significantly underestimate the true SRA. Thus, use of this image in surgical hallux abducto valgus planning is called into question.
Cannabidiol interactions with voltage-gated sodium channels
Authors: Sait Lily Goodyer , Sula Altin , Ghovanloo Mohammad-Reza , Hollingworth David , Ruben Peter C , Wallace BA
Published: October 2020

Voltage-gated sodium channels are targets for a range of pharmaceutical drugs developed for the treatment of neurological diseases. Cannabidiol (CBD), the non-psychoactive compound isolated from cannabis plants, was recently approved for treatment of two types of epilepsy associated with sodium channel mutations. This study used high-resolution X-ray crystallography to demonstrate the detailed nature of the interactions between CBD and the NavMs voltage-gated sodium channel, and electrophysiology to show the functional effects of binding CBD to these channels. CBD binds at a novel site at the interface of the fenestrations and the central hydrophobic cavity of the channel. Binding at this site blocks the transmembrane-spanning sodium ion translocation pathway, providing a molecular mechanism for channel inhibition. Modelling studies suggest why the closely-related psychoactive compound tetrahydrocannabinol may not have the same effects on these channels. Finally, comparisons are made with the TRPV2 channel, also recently proposed as a target site for CBD. In summary, this study provides novel insight into a possible mechanism for CBD interactions with sodium channels.
An approach for long-term, multi-probe Neuropixels recordings in unrestrained rats
Authors: Luo Thomas Zhihao , Bondy Adrian Gopnik , Gupta Diksha , Elliott Verity Alexander , Kopec Charles D , Brody Carlos D
Published: October 2020

The use of Neuropixels probes for chronic neural recordings is in its infancy and initial studies leave questions about long-term stability and probe reusability unaddressed. Here, we demonstrate a new approach for chronic Neuropixels recordings over a period of months in freely moving rats. Our approach allows multiple probes per rat and multiple cycles of probe reuse. We found that hundreds of units could be recorded for multiple months, but that yields depended systematically on anatomical position. Explanted probes displayed a small increase in noise compared to unimplanted probes, but this was insufficient to impair future single-unit recordings. We conclude that cost-effective, multi-region, and multi-probe Neuropixels recordings can be carried out with high yields over multiple months in rats or other similarly sized animals. Our methods and observations may facilitate the standardization of chronic recording from Neuropixels probes in freely moving animals.
Spatial distribution of outbreak of locust swarms: a geographical analysis of vulnerability and preventions in India
Authors: Pandey Bindhy Wasini , Ganesh Pushalal , Maurya Rajan , Patak Usha K , Kumar Roosen , Gosh Madhusudan , Singh Yuvraj
Published: October 2020

Current outbreak of locust swarms in the different parts of the world has also emerged as a big problem for the Indian agricultural sector and associated livelihood options. Being known for its transient nature, the locust swarms containing millions of locusts. These swarms are, therefore, one of the most dangerous pests in the world that may have a disastrous impact on food, food crops, fodder and food security around the world. The outbreak has been historically noticed in several regions of the world which effected the agriculture system of the many countries and major cause for the slowdown in the economy. This paper examines the origin and migration trends of locust swarms in the world in general and India in particular.  Also paper evaluates the recent outbreak of locusts in India along with assessing its devastating impact on Indian Agricultural Sector and the track routes of the swarms in India in different months. In the end, the paper highlights preventive measures that have been used in monitoring and preventions of locust swarms. The outbreaks of locust in India is not new, but have been encountered in the past too. The intensity and number of hives and migratory frequency is increasing with time. The Area, magnitude and impacts of the locust swarms is also growing with time and space. Since the outbreak results in social, economic and environmental consequences, therefore, adequate measures and planning are required to tackle the crisis.Keywords:  Locusts, Swarms, Vulnerability, Prevention Measures, Spatial distribution
Position‐ and Orientation‐Controlled Growth of Wulff‐Shaped Colloidal Crystals Engineered with DNA
Authors: Sun Lin , Lin Haixin , Li Yuanwei , Zhou Wenjie , Du Jingshan S. , Mirkin Chad A.
Published: October 2020

Colloidal crystals have emerged as promising candidates for building optical microdevices. Techniques now exist for synthesizing them with control over their nanoscale features (e.g., particle compositions, sizes, shapes, and lattice parameters and symmetry); however, the ability to tune macroscale structural features, such as the relative positions of crystals to one another and lattice orientations, has yet to be realized. Here, inspiration is drawn from epitaxial growth strategies in atomic crystallization, and patterned substrates are prepared that, when used in conjunction with DNA‐mediated nanoparticle crystallization, allow for control over individual Wulff‐shaped crystal growth, location, and orientation. In addition, the approach allows exquisite control over the patterned substrate/crystal lattice mismatch, something not yet realized for any epitaxy process. This level of structural control is a significant step toward realizing complex, integrated devices with colloidal crystal components, and this approach provides a model system for further exploration in epitaxy systems.
Revealing Electrical‐Poling‐Induced Polarization Potential in Hybrid Perovskite Photodetectors
Authors: Lan Chuntao , Zou Haiyang , Wang Longfei , Zhang Meng , Pan Shuang , Ma Ying , Qiu Yiping , Wang Zhong Lin , Lin Zhiqun
Published: October 2020

Despite recent rapid advances in metal halide perovskites for use in optoelectronics, the fundamental understanding of the electrical‐poling‐induced ion migration, accounting for many unusual attributes and thus performance in perovskite‐based devices, remain comparatively elusive. Herein, the electrical‐poling‐promoted polarization potential is reported for rendering hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite photodetectors with high photocurrent and fast response time, displaying a tenfold enhancement in the photocurrent and a twofold decrease in the response time after an external electric field poling. First, a robust meniscus‐assisted solution‐printing strategy is employed to facilitate the oriented perovskite crystals over a large area. Subsequently, the electrical poling invokes the ion migration within perovskite crystals, thus inducing a polarization potential, as substantiated by the surface potential change assessed by Kelvin probe force microscopy. Such electrical‐poling‐induced polarization potential is responsible for the markedly enhanced photocurrent and largely shortened response time. This work presents new insights into the electrical‐poling‐triggered ion migration and, in turn, polarization potential as well as into the implication of the latter for optoelectronic devices with greater performance. As such, the utilization of ion‐migration‐produced polarization potential may represent an important endeavor toward a wide range of high‐performance perovskite‐based photodetectors, solar cells, transistors, scintillators, etc.
Regioselectivity‐Switchable Intramolecular Hydroarylation of Ynone
Authors: Wu Feng , Lu Shiwei , Zhu Shifa
Published: October 2020

The switchable catalytic approach to the regioselective intramolecular hydroarylation of ynone has been developed. When ZnI2 was used as catalyst, the umpolung α‐arylation of ynone was realized via an addition‐elimination process of iodine ion to generate the ortho‐phenanthrenequinone methide (o‐PQM), which could be trapped by styrene to form benzo[f,h]chromenes through hetero‐Diels‐Alder reaction. While IPrAuCl/AgSbF6 was applied, however, the β‐arylation of ynone took place to afford benzocycloheptene‐5‐ones in moderate to excellent yields.

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Reticular Materials for Artificial Photoreduction of CO2
Authors: Nguyen Ha L.
Published: October 2020

Because of the energy crisis facing the planet, reducing fossil fuel reliance is an urgent scientific task. Alternative fuels have recently been in high demand. Taking into account the enormous amount of CO2 released from combustion, converting CO2 into high value‐added products using photochemistry—the catalytic transformation is activated by the ubiquitous sunlight mimicking the photosynthesis of natural plants—is of paramount importance. Scientists have developed various photocatalysts for the CO2 photoreduction. Among them, reticular materials including metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been employed for many applications during the past decade and have emerged as advanced catalytic platforms for the photoreduction of CO2. This Progress Report aims to provide the fundamentals, mechanism, and methods of characterization to gain insight into the process of CO2 photoreduction. In addition, this Progress Report highlights the achievements in using reticular materials as advanced catalysts for the photoreduction of CO2 and discusses the relationship between structural features of MOFs/COFs with their photocatalytic performance. Based on the comprehension of advancements, opportunities, and challenges of reticular materials for the CO2 photoreduction, the future prospects of this technology are discussed to direct the exciting research in designing better CO2 reduction photocatalysts.
MEIS2 sequence variant in a child with intellectual disability and cardiac defects: Expansion of the phenotypic spectrum and documentation of low‐level mosaicism in an unaffected parent
Authors: Su Julia X. , Velsher Lea S. , Juusola Jane , Nezarati Marjan M.
Published: October 2020

Deletions and pathogenic sequence variants in Myeloid Ecotropic Insertion Site 2 (MEIS2) gene have been reported to cause a recognizable triad of intellectual disability, congenital heart malformations, and palatal defects. To date, 18 individuals with de novo pathogenic sequence variants in MEIS2 have been reported in the literature, most with all three cardinal features. We recently saw a young boy, almost 3 years of age, who was known to have mosaic XYY syndrome (47,XYY [23]/46,XY[7]). He presented with atrial and ventricular septal defects, developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, gastroesophageal reflux, undescended testicle, a buried penis with penoscrotal transposition, primary neutropenia, and a branchial cleft sinus. Whole‐exome sequencing identified a previously reported in‐frame pathogenic deletion (c.998_1000delGAA; p.R333del; NM_170674.4) in MEIS2. His unaffected father was confirmed to have low‐level mosaicism for the same MEIS2 variant. The proband represents the 19th reported individual with a pathogenic sequence variant in MEIS2 and expands the phenotypic spectrum to include primary neutropenia, branchial anomalies, and complex genital anomalies. Furthermore, to our knowledge this is the first reported case of mosaicism for a variant in this gene in an apparently unaffected parent. This finding would have implications for recurrence risk counseling for families.
Electrocatalytic Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide over Au/TiO2 and Electrochemical Trace of OOH* Intermediate
Authors: Sun Zhipeng , Sheng Lei , Gong Hao , Song Li , Jiang Xiaolong , Wang Shengyao , Meng Xianguang , Wang Tao , He Jianping
Published: October 2020

In this work, a series of gold‐supported titanium oxide composites have been prepared and high selectivity (over 90%) of hydrogen peroxide is achieved. For the first time, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electron spin resonance analysis demonstrate that high charge transfer impedance of the catalyst can suppress the decomposition of OOH* intermediates thus promoting the two‐electron process of the oxygen reduction reaction.
Energieeffizienz weitergedacht: die thermisch aktivierte Gebäudehülle als Teil einer Prozesskette
Authors: Maier Andreas , Hochrein Martin , Schneider Jens , Joppien Anett‐Maud , Beck Martin
Published: October 2020

Die öffentliche Diskussion zur Energiewende findet oftmals ausschließlich im Kontext elektrischer Energie statt. Gerade im Industriesektor spielt jedoch auch die thermische Energie eine wesentliche Rolle. Entgegen einem rein dogmatischen Ansatz Energie zu „sparen“, geht es darum, das Energiesystem als Ganzes zu verstehen und energetische Abhängigkeiten zu erkennen. Leitidee des Forschungsprojekts ETA‐Fabrik ist es, die richtige Energieform (Primärenergiebedarf) in der notwendigen Menge (Endenergiebedarf) zur richtigen Zeit (energieflexibel) am richtigen Ort (effiziente Infrastruktur) einzusetzen. Dabei wurde über die bisher stets isoliert betrachtete Optimierung von Einzelkomponenten (z. B. Maschine, Kühlsystem, Gebäudedämmung) hinaus das gesamte System einer Produktionsfabrik betrachtet und auf dem Campus der TU Darmstadt eine Modellfabrik errichtet, in der Gebäude, Haustechnik und Maschinen durch die drei Ebenen der Gebäudeautomation synergetisch miteinander verknüpft wurden. Einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Energieeffizienzsteigerung liefert hierfür die durch oberflächennahe, wasserführende, kapillarähnliche Rohrleitungsnetze thermisch aktivierte Gebäudehülle aus Beton. Diese multifunktionalen Wand‐ und Dachelemente vereinen die Funktionen des Tragens, des Dämmens, des Begrenzens und der thermischen Interaktion und fungieren somit als riesige Heiz‐ und Kühlflächen. Der Aufsatz ist eine inhaltliche Fortsetzung des Beitrags aus der Bautechnik 03/2014 und stellt die erzielten Projektergebnisse mit Fokus auf der baulichen Umsetzung vor. Hintergründe und Zielstellungen des Projekts werden aufgegriffen, Forschungsrandbedingungen dargelegt und die Energieeinsparpotenziale vorgestellt. Neben der kurzen Beschreibung der umgesetzten thermischen Vernetzung und der dafür gebauten Gebäudehüllelemente als Fortschreibung der bereits vorgestellten Konzepte werden die thermische Leistungsfähigkeit der Gebäudehülle sowie deren Beitrag zur Behaglichkeit in der Produktionshalle erläutert. Das architektonische Konzept sowie eine kritische Würdigung der interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit im Planungsprozess einer vernetzten Fabrik schließen diese Reihe ab.
Positive syphilis serology contributes to intracranial stenosis in ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Xiang Lei , Zhang Tao , Zhang Biao , Zhang Chao , Cui Wanzhen , Yue Wei
Published: October 2020

Background and Purpose

The risk of ischemic stroke is increased among people living with syphilis infection; however, whether syphilis is an independently risk for stenosis is unclear. We investigated the clinical, laboratory, and vascular stenosis features of ischemic stroke patients living with positive syphilis serology to evaluate the role of syphilis in cerebral artery stenosis.

Methods

The demographic, clinical characteristics, and the distribution of cerebral artery stenosis were compared between 668 syphilis‐positive and 785 syphilis‐negative ischemic stroke patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the degree and distribution of stenosis associated with positive syphilis serology and estimate the factors related to artery stenosis in the syphilis‐positive ischemic stroke patients.

Results

Syphilis‐positive ischemic stroke patients were distinct from the nonsyphilis population, with a younger age, fewer women, and a different risk factor profile. Positive syphilis serology was independently associated with moderate stenosis (OR, 2.31; 95% CI 2.02–2.69; p = .003) and severe stenosis (OR, 6.15; 95% CI, 2.85–8.94; p < .001), mainly intracranial stenosis (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.15–1.92; p = .002) rather than extracranial stenosis. Among stroke patients with positive syphilis serology, the higher RPR titer (OR, 1.18, 95% CI, 1.07–1.89 for RPR titer 1:16; OR, 5.16, 95% CI 2.99–8.89 for RPR titer > 1:32) and previous unknown or untreated syphilis (OR, 3.63; 95% CI, 2.72–4.03; p < .001) were the factors related to stenosis.

Conclusions

Syphilis infection, especially when less well controlled, may play an important role in intracranial stenosis of ischemic stroke patients.
The Protective Effect of Rosavin from Rhodiola rosea on Radiation‐Induced Intestinal Injury
Authors: Zhou Weijie , Chen Kequan , Lu Quan , Luo Yujun , Zhang Chen , Zheng Yue , Zhuo Zewei , Guo Kehang , Wang Jinghua , Chen Hao , Sha Weihong
Published: October 2020

Bioactive constituents from Rhodiola rosea L. (RRL) exhibit multiple pharmacological effects on diverse diseases. However, whether they are suitable for the treatment of radiation‐induced intestinal injury (RIII) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate their roles and mechanisms in the RIII rat model. The radioprotective effects of the four bioactive constituents of RRL (salidroside, herbacetin, rosavin and arbutin) were evaluated by the cell viability of irradiated IEC‐6 cells. Intestinal tissues were collected for histological analysis, localized inflammation and oxidative stress assessments. Our work showed that salidroside, rosavin and arbutin improved the cell viability of the irradiated IEC‐6 cells, with the highest improvement in 12.5 μM rosavin group. The rosavin treatment significantly improved survival rate and intestinal damage in irradiated rats by modulating the inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Our work indicated that rosavin may be the optimal constituent of RRL for RIII treatment, providing an attractive candidate for radioprotection.
Delayed awakening from general anesthesia revealing Fahr syndrome: Case report and literature review
Authors: Mellagui Yassine , Aabdi Mohammed , Ouachaou Jamal , Bkiyar Houssam , Housni Brahim
Published: October 2020

Fahr syndrome (FS) is defined by the presence of bilateral and symmetrical intracerebral nonarteriosclerotic calcifications, localized in the central gray nuclei. We report the case of a patient who presented a postoperative delay in awakening and whose biological and radiological investigations revealed a FS.
Insights into the Nature of Self‐Extinguishing External Donors for Ziegler‐Natta Catalysis: A Combined Experimental and DFT Study
Authors: Vipin Raj K. , Kumawat Jugal , Dhamaniya Sunil , Subaramanian Murugan , Balaraman Ekambaram , Kumar Gupta Virendra , Vanka Kumar , Grubbs Robert H.
Published: October 2020

Developing donors for Ziegler‐Natta (ZN) catalysis to control the polymerization reaction and produce polymers with desirable properties has always been challenging due to the multi‐component nature of the catalytic systems. Here, we have developed a new synthetic protocol for making two external donors, D1 (2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl myristate) and D2 (2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl palmitate) that show self‐extinguishing properties, followed by a systematic DFT study to understand this peculiar property of these donors. D1 and D2 can undergo parallel reactions with aluminum and titanium species present in the system to produce ketones and aldehydes, which are poisons for ZN catalytic systems, thus explaining their self‐extinguishing nature. The non‐covalent interaction between the long alkyl chain of the donors with the surface plays a vital role in determining the donors′ self‐extinguishing nature. There is a significant thermodynamic preference for the binding of the donor with the longer alkyl chain at the titanium center. The current work, therefore, provides interesting insights into how self‐extinguishing donors function in ZN catalytic systems.
Curvature‐induced Zn 3d Electron Return on Zn−N4 Single‐atom Carbon Nanofibers for Boosting Electroreduction of CO2
Authors: Fang Mingwei , Wang Xingpu , Li Xueyan , Zhu Ying , Xiao Guozheng , Feng Jingjing , Jiang Xiaohui , Lv Kuilin , Zhu Ying , Lin Wen‐Feng
Published: October 2020

The electrochemical CO2 reduction to desired chemical feedstocks is of importance, yet it is still challenging to obtain high production selectivity with low overpotential at a current density surpassing the industry benchmark of 100 mA cm−2. Herein, we constructed a low‐cost Zn single‐atom anchored on curved N‐doped carbon nanofibers (Zn SAs/N−C) by a facile noncovalent self‐assembly approach. At a low overpotential of only 330 mV, the Zn SAs/N−C exhibited simultaneously both a high current density up to 121.5 mA cm−2 and a CO FE of 94.7 %, superior to the previous reports. Experiments and DFT calculations revealed that the Zn atoms in Zn−N4 acted as the active sites, while adjacent pyridine‐N coupled with Zn−N4 could synergistically decrease the free energy barrier for intermediate *COOH formation. Importantly, the curvature of catalyst induced Zn 3d electrons that were bound to the Zn−N bonds to return to Zn atom, thereby leading to an increase in electron density of Zn and accelerating CO2 electroreduction to CO.