bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Age at Menarche Is Associated With Leg‐Length Components Among the Adolescent Girls in West Bengal, India
Authors: Bala Priyanka , Das Niladri , Kociuba Marek , Bose Kaushik , Koziel Slawomir , Chakraborty Raja
Published: January 2025

Background

The relationship between early age at menarche (AAM) and body height (HT), including its different segments has not been extensively studied among non Western populations. Lengths of the lower (distal) part of the leg, such as knee HT (KH) and tibial length (TbL), are considered to be sensitive indicators of living conditions during early growth and development. Life history theory predicts that within a survival challenge the growth of vital parts of the body shall be prioritized over less essential parts. The present study hypothesized that earlier age at menarche would be associated with shorter tibial length in resource constrained settings.

Aim

To investigate the potential associations of menarcheal age with HT, KH, TbL, and other linear components of HT among the Bengalee schoolgirls aged 10–13 years.

Methods

Among the 208 girls aged 10–13 years, menarcheal status and age at menarche were determined by status quo and retrospective methods, respectively. Lower leg length was represented by two measures, KH and the supracutaneous measure of TbL. The differences in HT, sitting HT (SH), total leg length (LL), thigh length (TL), KH, and TbL, between pre‐menarcheal‐(PMG) and post‐menarcheal girls (POMG), as well as between earlier menarcheal‐(EMG) and later menarcheal girls (LMG), were assessed by student t‐test and analysis of covariance.

Results

The POMG were heavier, taller and had higher adiposity than their PMG peers, without showing any significant age‐difference. HT, knee HT, TbL, and TbL to HT ratio showed significant differences between the EMG and LMG. The EMG showed lower values for all of those measures and the strongest difference was observed for TbL. However, there were no significant differences in SH and SHR between EMG and LMG.

Conclusions

The study indicated a possible effect of early AAM on growth of distal body parts in a resource poor socioeconomic condition. Further studies on the relationship between growth and AAM among different populations living in different socio‐ecological conditions could be worth conducting.
Photocatalytic Csp2−H Amination of Hydrazones with N‐aminopyridinium Salts
Authors: Srivastava Oj Shikhar , Kant Ruchir , Rastogi Namrata
Published: January 2025

The current approach describes Csp2−H amination of aldehyde‐derived hydrazones via nitrogen centred radical generation from N‐aminopyridinium salts under photocatalytic conditions. The scope of reaction is wide in terms of both the substrates and most of the products were isolated in good yields furnishing Z‐isomer exclusively. Further, aminated hydrazones were hydrolyzed to give amides resulting into indirect Csp2−H amination of aldehydes.
Effects of an Extreme Weather Event on Primate Populations
Authors: Beardmore‐Herd Megan , Palmer Meredith S. , Gaynor Kaitlyn M. , Carvalho Susana
Published: January 2025

Objectives

With contemporary, human‐induced climate change at a crisis point, extreme weather events (e.g., cyclones, heatwaves, floods) are becoming more frequent, intense, and difficult to predict. These events can wreak rapid and significant changes on ecosystems; thus, it is imperative to understand how wildlife communities respond to these disruptions. Primates are perceived as being a largely adaptable order, but we often lack the quantitative data to rigorously assess how they are impacted by extreme environmental change. Leveraging detections from a long‐term camera trap survey, this opportunistic study reports the effects of an extreme weather event on a little‐studied population of free‐ranging primates in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique.

Materials and Methods

We examined shifts in gray‐footed chacma baboon (Papio ursinus griseipes) and vervet monkey (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) spatial distribution and relative abundance following Cyclone Idai—a category four tropical cyclone that struck Mozambique in March 2019.

Results

Baboon spatial distributions were impacted in the first month after the cyclone, with more detections in areas where flooding was less severe. Spatial distributions renormalized once floodwaters began to recede. We describe vervet monkey spatial distribution trends, though sample size limitations inhibited statistical analysis. Primate relative abundance did not appear to substantially decrease following the cyclone, suggesting troops were able to adopt behavioral adjustments to evade rising floodwaters.

Discussion

These findings highlight the behavioral flexibility of Gorongosa's primates and their ability to adapt to extreme—if temporary—disruptions, with implications for primate conservation in the Anthropocene and research into how rapid climatic events may have shaped primate evolution.
Impact of Sinus Surgery on Nasal Discharge in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Kallenberger Ethan M. , Briggs Erin E. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Ripp Asher T. , Duffy Alexander N. , Schafer Isabella V. , Soler Zachary M. , Mace Jess C. , Smith Timothy L. , Schlosser Rodney J.
Published: January 2025

Background

Nasal discharge is one of the cardinal symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis, impacting over 50% of patients. For patients with symptoms refractory to standard medical therapy, endoscopic sinus surgery is an option. The objective of this study is to characterize how nasal discharge improves after surgery in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

Methods

The literature was searched for articles reporting nasal discharge symptom data both at baseline and after surgery. Specific symptoms of interest on the 22‐item sinonasal outcome test (SNOT‐22) were “need to blow nose,” “runny nose,” “postnasal discharge,” and “thick nasal discharge.” SNOT‐22 scores ranged from 0 to 5 based upon severity. Visual analog scale equivalents were recorded when available. 

Results

A total of 16 studies (n = 7193) were included in the analysis. All four nasal discharge questions on the SNOT‐22 saw significant improvement, with need to blow nose (‒1.8 [95% confidence interval, CI: ‒2.3, ‒1.2]) and runny nose (‒1.8 [95% CI: ‒1.9, ‒1.1]) seeing the largest benefit. Patients with nasal polyps saw more improvement than those without polyps. The difference between polyp and no polyp groups was significant for need to blow nose (‒1.9 vs. ‒1.0, p < 0.001) and runny nose (‒1.8 vs. ‒1.0, p < 0.0001). Patients undergoing index or revision surgery all saw significant improvement in symptoms.

Conclusion

Surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis improves nasal discharge globally, with particular benefit to need to blow nose and runny nose on the SNOT‐22. Patients with nasal polyps see larger degrees of improvement compared to those without polyps. However, patients without nasal polyps also experience significant improvement in discharge.
Lecanemab‐Associated Amyloid‐β Protofibril in Cerebrospinal Fluid Correlates with Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Noguchi‐Shinohara Moeko , Shuta Kazuyoshi , Murakami Hidetomo , Mori Yukiko , Komatsu Junji , Kobayashi Chizuru , Hersch Steven , Horie Kanta , Ono Kenjiro
Published: January 2025

Objective

The Clarity AD phase III trial showed that lecanemab reduced amyloid markers in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) and resulted in less decline on measures of cognition and function than placebo. Herein, we aimed to characterize amyloid‐β (Aβ) protofibril (PF) captured by lecanemab in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from living participants with different stages in AD, which enable an enhanced understanding of the dynamic changes of lecanemab‐associated Aβ‐PF (Lec‐PF) in vivo.

Methods

We newly developed a unique and highly sensitive immunoassay method using lecanemab that selectively captures Lec‐PF. The CSF level of Lec‐PF, Aβ42, Aβ40, p‐tau181, p‐tau 217, total tau, and neurogranin were measured in Japanese participants (n = 163). The participants in this study consisted of 48 cognitively unimpaired Aβ‐negative (CU–), 8 cognitively impaired diagnosed as suspected non‐Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology, 9 cognitively unimpaired Aβ‐positive (CU+), 34 Aβ‐positive with mild cognitive impairment (MCI+), and 64 Aβ‐positive with AD dementia (AD+).

Results

The CSF Lec‐PF levels significantly increased in the groups of MCI+ and AD+ compared with CU– group. Notably, CSF Lec‐PF showed modest correlation with plaque‐associated biomarkers in Aβ‐positive participants and stronger correlation with neurodegeneration biomarkers, such as CSF total tau and neurogranin, suggesting that CSF Lec‐PF levels proximally reflect neurodegeneration as well as the amount of senile amyloid plaques.

Interpretation

This is the first report describing Aβ‐PF species captured by lecanemab in human CSF and supporting that Lec‐PF is correlated with neurodegeneration in AD and may explain the mechanism of the clinical effect of lecanemab. ANN NEUROL 2025
Artificial Metalloenzymes with Two Catalytic Cofactors for Tandem Abiotic Transformations
Authors: Wang Weijin , Tachibana Ryo , Zhang Kailin , Lau Kelvin , Pojer Florence , Ward Thomas R. , Hu Xile
Published: January 2025

Artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) enable the integration of abiotic cofactors within a native protein scaffold, allowing for non‐natural catalytic activities. Previous ArMs, however, have primarily relied on single cofactor systems, limiting them to only one catalytic function. Here we present an approach to construct ArMs embedding two catalytic cofactors based on the biotin‐streptavidin technology. By incorporating multiple catalytic cofactors into the four binding sites of streptavidin, we engineered programmable ArMs for tandem abiotic transformations including an enantioselective formal C−H hydroxylation and a photooxidation‐Michael addition. This work thus outlines a promising strategy for the development of ArMs embedding multiple cofactors.
Dual‐Mode Fluorescence Sensing of Multiple Oxidizing Analytes by Selective Oxidation of Poly(N‐Phenyl Anthranilic Acid‐Co‐o‐Phenylenediamine) Random Copolymers
Authors: Rohini Das K. , Anjana I. , Jinish Antony M.
Published: January 2025

We report a dual‐mode fluorescence sensing of multi‐analytes like silver and permanganate ions by adopting a selective oxidation strategy in poly(N‐phenyl anthranilic acid‐co‐o‐phenylenediamine) copolymer. The P(NPA‐co‐OPD) copolymers were synthesized by in situ oxidative chemical polymerization of N‐phenyl anthranilic acid (NPA) and o‐phenylenediamine (OPD) comonomers using ferric chloride as oxidizing agent. Proton (1H) and carbon (13C) nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed the higher reactivity of NPA compared to OPD in P(NPA‐co‐OPD) copolymers. Monomer reactivity ratios calculated from the Fineman–Ross method also indicated the higher reactivity of NPA monomer in copolymerization. Powder X‐ray diffractograms and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms revealed the development of crystallinity in copolymers. Field emission scanning electron microscopic images (FE‐SEM) and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopic images (HR‐TEM) revealed the morphological transformation of semi‐micro‐spherical‐shaped poly‐N‐phenyl anthranilic acid and micro‐rod‐shaped poly‐o‐phenylenediamine (POPD) into micro‐blocks/microrod‐shaped P(NPA‐co‐OPD) copolymers. Poly‐o‐phenylenediamine (POPD) has a yellow emission, and poly‐N‐phenyl anthranilic acid (PNPA) has a blue emission in the neutralized medium. The blue emission was dominated in copolymers due to the higher PNPA fragments than the POPD fragments in the copolymer chain, except for P(NPA‐co‐OPD) 10:90, which has yellow emission due to the dominant OPD fragments in the copolymer. The fluorescence properties of copolymer P(NPA‐co‐OPD) 10:90 were selectively tuned from yellow to blue by adding AgNO3, indicating the semi‐oxidation of POPD fragments in the copolymer and, subsequently, blue to colorless by adding acidified KMnO4, indicating complete oxidation of both POPD and PNPA fragments in the copolymer. The selective fluorescence response suggests the ability of the copolymer to distinguish between mild or strong oxidizing agents via selective oxidation.
Unveiling the Adsorption‐Desorption Mechanism in Phosphorus‐Doped Activated Carbon for Enhanced Double‐Layer Pouch‐Cell Supercapacitors
Authors: Lei Jie , Li Shenglong , Liu Yanchen , Wang Taoxiang , Li Jin , Gu Minghui , Pu Hengjian , Li Kang , Zhai Teng , Chen Hui , Xia Hui
Published: January 2025

Activated carbon (AC) suffers from low energy density in the organic system of electric double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs). Currently, the research spotlight for enhancing the specific capacitance of AC in EDLC is to optimize the pore size distribution and enhance the specific surface area, but the increase of porosity in turn decreases the conductivity of AC. The surface modification is an effective strategy to improve the surface properties of carbon electrodes and enhance electrochemical performance. However, little attention has been paid to the interaction between AC surface and organic electrolyte. In this work, we have developed a phosphorus doping aimed at modulation of adsorption/desorption dynamics of organic electrolytes on the AC electrode. It was found that the phosphorus‐carbon bonding increases the adsorbed amounts of TEA+/BF4− per unit surface area, altering the charge storage mechanism and leading to improved specific capacitance. Furthermore, we fabricated a symmetrical pouch‐cell supercapacitor with an energy density of 36.2 Wh kg−1. The capacitance retention of 93.7 % was maintained after 30,000 cycles at a current density of 10 A g−1. These findings significantly advance our understanding of the charge storage dynamics in phosphorus‐doped AC and will guide the design of improved carbon‐based supercapacitors.
Synergy of Hydrophilic Properties and Antibacterial Inhibition in Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofibrous Mats Loaded With Croton Bonplandianum Baill Leaf Extract
Authors: Karim Md. Razaul , Hasan Saeed , Islam Md. Ariful , Uddin Md. Shahab , Salam Md. Abdus , Zakaria Mohammad
Published: January 2025

The antibacterial nanofibrous mat is crucial in biomedicine as it enhances infection control, expedites wound healing, and mitigates health hazards by decreasing antibiotic usage. A novel synergistic antibacterial and hydrophilic nanofibrous mat successfully fabricated by solution electrospinning from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) incorporated Croton bonplandianum Baill (CBB) leaves extract. Antioxidant‐enriched leaf extract of the CBB plant was integrated with PVA in varying proportions of 30% (CBB‐30), 40% (CBB‐40), and 50% (CBB‐50) to manufacture antibacterial nanofibrous mat. The zone of inhibition (ZOI) was recorded at 16, 18, and 21 mm for CBB‐30, CBB‐40, and CBB‐50, respectively. The wetted radius, a key parameter for moisture management properties, reached up to 20 mm for CBB‐40 and CBB‐50. This demonstrates the rapid absorption and quick‐drying characteristics, highlighting the exceptional hydrophilicity of the nanofibrous mat. The increased dozing of CBB extract into the PVA also reduced its fiber diameter. The diameters of pure PVA, CBB‐30, CBB‐40, and CBB‐50 were found as 396, 388, 279, and 241 nm, correspondingly. The developed nanofibrous mat, exhibiting ZOI of up to 21 mm, efficient moisture management properties, and a nanoscale fiber diameter of 241 nm, may possess significant uses in the biomedical domain.
Laser Processing in Halide Photovoltaic Cells
Authors: Song Chunpeng , Deng Shenyi , Lou Shihui , Yin Xipeng , Liang Qiuju , Liu Jiangang
Published: January 2025

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are regarded as the most promising new generation of green energy technology due to their outstanding device performance and simple processing technology. Traditional processing methods, such as thermal annealing and thermal evaporation, face significant challenges in further enhancing device performance and stability. In recent years, laser processing has garnered extensive attention from researchers due to its notable advantages in terms of speed, high efficiency, and controllability. In this review, we systematically summarize the role of laser in the active layer, transport layer, and electrode of perovskite photovoltaic cells. First, we systematically elucidate the mechanism governing the nucleation and crystallization of laser‐processed perovskite films, along with its influence on the micro‐nano structures of these films. Concurrently, a thorough explication of the micro‐nano structures pertaining to the laser‐processed transport layer, the interconnection between transport layers, the electrode, and their respective impacts on carrier transport and collection efficiency within the device will be provided. Most importantly, we believe that these approaches will provide scientists with new ways of thinking and system schemes for improving the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells.
Influence of Regular Statin Intake on Prostate‐Specific Antigen Values, Prostate Cancer Incidence and Overall Survival in a Prospective Screening Trial (ERSPC Aarau)
Authors: Papagiannakis Alkiviadis , Kwiatkowski Maciej , Wyler Stephen F. , Mortezavi Ashkan , Manka Lukas , Wettstein Marian S. , Grobholz Rainer , Hammerer‐Lercher Angelika , Eberli Daniel , Prause Lukas Werner
Published: January 2025

Objective

While statins have demonstrated a variety of antineoplastic effects in preclinical studies, several retrospective clinical studies and observational studies have not shown a consistent chemopreventive benefit against prostate cancer (PCa). Therefore, in this population‐based cohort study, we examined the association of statin intake on prostate specific antigen (PSA) values and risk of development of PCa.

Method

N = 4,314 men from the Swiss section of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) were evaluated. N = 761 men were statin users [Stat+]. The median follow‐up was 9.6 years. A transrectal prostate biopsy was performed in men with a PSA‐level ≥ 3 ng/mL. Mortality and incidence data was obtained through registry linkages. PCa incidence, total serum PSA level, free‐to‐total PSA level, and overall survival were compared between [Stat+] and [Stat−] patients.

Results

Total PSA values were significantly lower in [Stat+] patients at baseline (1.5 vs. 1.8 ng/mL, p < 0.001) and at last follow‐up (1.8 vs. 2.1 ng/mL, p < 0.001). PCa detection during the follow‐up period was significantly associated with baseline PSA. The overall incidence of PCa showed no statistical difference among [Stat+] and [Stat−] groups (7.4% vs. 9.5%, p = 0.08), indicating that statin use had no effect on the risk of developing PCa during follow‐up. [Stat+] patients had a significantly higher overall mortality risk compared to [Stat−] patients (HR 2.04, p < 0.001).

Discussion

A significant risk reduction in the development of PCa in [Stat+] patients was not found. We did observe lower PSA values among [Stat+] patients, compared to [Stat−] patients, with an increasing difference during follow‐up.
Enhanced Efficiency of Sequential Cutting Balloon Angioplasty in Calcified Coronary Artery Disease: The RODIN‐CUT Technique
Authors: Ungureanu Claudiu , Leibundgut Gregor , Cocoi Mihai , Gasparini Gabriele , Colletti Giuseppe , Avran Alexandre , Poletti Enrico , Moroni Alice , Mangieri Antonio , Dumitrascu Silviu , Mozid Abdul , Boukhris Marouane , Achim Alexandru , Zivelonghi Carlo , Bentakhou Elias , Agostoni Pierfrancesco
Published: January 2025

Background

Heavily calcified coronary artery disease presents significant challenges in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), often requiring advanced techniques to achieve optimal outcomes. Cutting balloons (CB) have shown potential for plaque modification; however, their effectiveness is limited without standardized protocols.

Aims

This study introduces the RODIN‐CUT technique, a novel approach utilizing sequential CB inflations with real‐time intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guidance. The technique aims to enhance calcified plaque modification, improve stent expansion, and achieve consistent procedural success in heavily calcified coronary lesions.

Methodology

A retrospective analysis of three consecutive patients requiring specialized approaches beyond conventional PCI was included at three centers in Belgium. The RODIN‐CUT protocol involved multiple CB inflations at precise lesion segments, followed by immediate IVUS imaging after each inflation to assess plaque modification and guide further therapy. Procedural success was defined as residual stenosis < 30% with TIMI 3 distal flow. The study evaluated the dose‐dependent effects of repeated CB inflations on plaque fracture depth and distribution.

Conclusion

The RODIN‐CUT technique demonstrated promising outcomes, achieving procedural success in all cases with enhanced stent expansion and minimal complications. The technique's simplicity, cost‐effectiveness, and reproducibility make it a viable option for treating heavily calcified coronary lesions. Further large‐scale studies are required to validate these findings and establish the RODIN‐CUT technique as a standard approach for complex calcified lesions.
Nasal Rehabilitation in a Patient After Basal Cell Carcinoma and Radiotherapy: A Case Report
Authors: Barakati Tamana , Ehsan Hedayatullah , Humkar Omid , Shadab Hassina , Ibrahimkhil Munir Ahmad
Published: January 2025

Nasal rehabilitation following basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and radiotherapy presents significant challenges due to the intricate balance between aesthetic and functional restoration. This case report discusses the rehabilitation of a 73‐year‐old male who underwent surgical excision and radiotherapy for BCC located on the left ala of the nose. Post‐treatment, the patient experienced dissatisfaction with his facial appearance, negatively impacting his quality of life. This study highlights the critical role of interdisciplinary collaboration in achieving optimal outcomes through prosthetic reconstruction. The process involved careful surgical removal of residual tissue, followed by detailed impression‐taking, modeling, and fabrication of a custom nasal prosthesis. Key considerations included anatomical accuracy, symmetry, and color matching to ensure a natural appearance. Emphasis was placed on patient‐centered care, addressing both physical and psychological aspects. Despite achieving satisfactory results, limitations such as the absence of long‐term follow‐up data were noted. Future research should focus on long‐term prosthesis performance and patient‐reported outcomes to enhance rehabilitation strategies. This case underscores the importance of an integrated approach combining surgical precision, prosthodontic expertise, and psychological support to improve patient satisfaction and quality of life following nasal rehabilitation post‐BCC and radiotherapy.
Case Series of Anthrax in Iran
Authors: Shirani Kiana , Senemar Zahra , Fadaei Nobari Reza , Ataabadi Parisa
Published: January 2025

In endemic areas with a compatible epidemiological context, clinicians should consider anthrax as a potential diagnosis. The disease can present with diverse clinical manifestations, including cutaneous, gastrointestinal, respiratory, or central nervous system infections.
Pentavalent Vaccine‐Induced Immune Thrombocytopenia: A Case Report From Nepal
Authors: Khadayat Ramesh , Shrestha Sailesh , Gautam Tilak , Magar Sagar Rana , Bhatta Prashant
Published: January 2025

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder marked by a low platelet count, leading to symptoms ranging from mild to severe bleeding. It can be triggered by various factors, including idiopathic origins, medications, malignancies, infections, and other autoimmune conditions. Though rare, ITP can also occur postvaccination. We report a case of a 3‐month‐old male who developed petechial rashes and mucosal bleeding following Pentavalent vaccination. This highlights the need for clinicians to recognize ITP as a potential complication of the Pentavalent vaccine. Educating parents about this rare but serious side effect is crucial.
Integrated Management of a Large Radicular Cyst: A Case Report on Efficacy of Decompression and Conservative Approaches
Authors: Chamani Ali , Moushekhian Siavash , Zarei Mina , Shakiba Reza , Davarian Mohammad Hossein
Published: January 2025

The decompression technique can effectively reduce the size of large periapical lesions, minimize tissue damage, and enhance surgical outcomes. This conservative approach allows for better management of extensive lesions, potentially improving patient recovery and decreasing the need for more invasive procedures.
The Cost of Caries in Primary Dentition: A Case Report of a Rare Cause
Authors: Mitic Vladimir , Cvetkovic Sasa
Published: January 2025

A 10.2‐year‐old girl, accompanied by her parents, came to the Department of Jaw Orthopedics at the Clinic for Dental Medicine. Based on the initial orthopantomography, multiple tooth impactions were diagnosed. In the upper jaw, the impaction of the canine and the second premolar on the left side was observed, along with.
Femur Fracture in a Newborn During Emergency Cesarean Delivery: A Case Report
Authors: Dorjey Yeshey , Pradhan Abhisek , Lamichaney Gitanjali
Published: January 2025

Birth injury occurs when the delivery process is not appropriately attended, and the use of improper techniques or maneuvers while conducting the delivery. Cesarean delivery is considered safe as compared to vaginal for the breech presentation. However, this case reports a case of femur fracture of a newborn that occurred during an emergency cesarean section performed for breech presentation. This highlights cesarean section for malpresentation is not completely safe.
A Case Report of Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis: Infection‐Related or Immune‐Related?
Authors: Azhary Ayman , Taha Mohammed , Hajhamed Nooh Mohamed , Mohammed Salahaldeen Ismail , Mohamed Nouh Saad , Alkhatim Waleed Azhary Sir
Published: January 2025

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) has previously been used as an umbrella term to describe a spectrum of hypocomplementemic glomerular diseases, which are rare causes of end stage kidney disease (ESKD). We present a 22‐year‐old man with a well‐established medical history who had been complaining of 4 days of frothy dark urine, bilateral lower limb swelling, and puffiness on his face. For a month before his presentation, he had many bilateral skin lesions on his lower limbs that were leaking pus. Aside from the scars from the prior skin lesions, he had no other significant medical history, and his examination revealed no abnormalities. His tests revealed nephrotic range proteinuria with a normal renal profile, low serum albumin with low C3 and normal C4, and negative antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) by ELISA. After preliminary studies, we concluded that the condition was infection‐related glomerulonephritis. Nevertheless, following renal biopsy, which revealed an MPGN pattern, and immunohistochemistry, which revealed a full house picture, we conducted a second ANA test using the more sensitive/broader spectrum IFA hep2 cell test, which showed a coarse speckled nuclear pattern with a significant titer (1/1000), as well as a negative line blot assay test using 15 distinct antigens. Following the modification of our diagnosis to lupus nephritis, the patient responded fairly well once we started him on an immunosuppressive drug. The patient was released from the hospital in a stable condition.
Pregnancy‐Related Aortic Dissection—A Rare Complication of Pregnancy
Authors: Shaikh Mohammad Baseem , Stafford Reagan Michelle , Ogburn Erinn , Tyagi Samuel
Published: January 2025

Patients with pregnancy‐related aortic dissections should be transferred to high‐volume aortic centers for management. Malperfusion syndromes from acute type A aortic dissections appear to have better outcomes with thoracic endovascular repair before definitive surgical repair.
Structures of Gas‐Phase Hydrated Phosphotyrosine Revealed by Soft X‐ray Action Spectroscopy
Authors: Leroux Juliette , Chesnel Jean‐Yves , Ortiz‐Mahecha Carlos , Nair Aarathi , Oostenrijk Bart , Pille Laura , Trinter Florian , Schwob Lucas , Bari Sadia
Published: January 2025

Gas‐phase near‐edge X‐ray absorption mass spectrometry (NEXAMS) was employed at the carbon and oxygen K‐edges to probe the influence of a single water molecule on the protonated phosphotyrosine molecule. The results of the photodissociation experiments revealed that the water molecule forms two bonds, with the phosphate group and another chemical group. By comparing the NEXAMS spectra at the carbon and oxygen K‐edges with density functional theory calculations, we attributed the electronic transitions responsible for the observed resonances, especially the transitions due to the presence of the water molecule. We showed that the water molecule leads to a specific spectral feature in the partial ion yield of hydrated fragments at 536.4 eV. Moreover, comparing the NEXAMS spectra with the calculated structures allowed us to identify three possible structures for singly hydrated phosphotyrosine that agree with the observed fragmentation and resonances.
Encapsulation of active ruthenium species for hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to formic acid in porous hollow spheres of silica
Authors: Umegaki Tetsuo , Saeki Kenjiro , Kojima Yoshiyuki
Published: January 2025

The work is dedicated to the encapsulation of active ruthenium species for the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to formic acid in porous hollow spheres of silica. The porous hollow spheres were obtained via a sol–gel‐based reaction with 1‐dodecyl amine and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as templates to form both the hollow void and nanospaces in the shells of the porous hollow sphere support. The metallic ruthenium species were encapsulated in the nanospaces of the hollow spheres through the immersion or incipient wetness impregnation method with a methanolic solution of ruthenium species, following the activation process under solvothermal conditions. The results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements indicate that the highly dispersed active ruthenium species were effectively encapsulated in the nanospaces by adding an aqueous ammonia solution during the immersion process, and an improvement in the catalytic activity for formic acid yield via the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide was observed in the presence of the catalyst prepared with the appropriate amount of ammonia. The activity dramatically improved in the presence of the ruthenium‐encapsulated porous hollow sphere catalyst prepared via the incipient wetness impregnation method due to including the highly dispersed active ruthenium species on the surface and in the nanospaces of the hollow spheres.
Raman Study of Intermediates Formed During the Electrochemical N‐Nitrosation of Secondary Amines
Authors: Richardson Scott , Babaahmadi Rasool , Edwards Lee E. , Ali Rojan , Melen Rebecca L. , Roy Debdulal , Wirth Thomas
Published: January 2025

An in situ electrochemical Raman method is described to identify and validate the reaction pathway of amine nitrosations using density functional theory (DFT). In this reaction, sodium nitrite is used as an affordable and readily available nitrosating reagent, which also serves as an electrolyte in the reaction. This is a green approach towards nitrosations as it does not require the use of acids and other harsh or toxic solvents and chemicals. Intermediate species have been detected using Raman spectroscopy and are correlated with the calculated spectra expected in the reaction pathway to the N‐nitrosamine products.
Racial/ethnic differences in trends of testicular germ cell tumor incidence in the United States, 1992–2021
Authors: Almeida Andrea A. , Wojt Aika , Metayer Catherine , Kanetsky Peter A. , Graubard Barry I. , Alvarez Christian S. , McGlynn Katherine A.
Published: January 2025

Background

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are the most common cancers among young men in the United States. Incidence rates among non‐Hispanic White (NHW) men historically have been much higher than the rates among other men. To study whether this pattern had changed, the authors examined trends in TGCT incidence for the years 1992–2021.

Methods

By using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 12 registries database, age‐standardized incidence rates per 100,000 person‐years and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated overall and by histologic type (seminoma and nonseminoma), age, stage at diagnosis, and race/ethnicity. Trends in 5‐year survival also were examined.

Results

The age‐standardized incidence rate of TGCT per 100,000 person‐years increased from 4.71 (95% CI, 4.39–5.05) in 1992 to 6.22 (95% CI, 5.88–6.58) in 2021. The rates increased for both seminoma (average annual percent change [AAPC], 0.57%; 95% CI, 0.40%–0.75%) and nonseminoma (AAPC, 1.41%; 95% CI, 1.17%–1.64%) and among all race/ethnic groups, although the rates stabilized among NHW men. Increases in incidence were greatest among Hispanic men (AAPC, 3.03%; 95% CI, 2.66%–3.40%), who had one of the youngest median ages at diagnosis and were more likely to be diagnosed at advanced stages compared with NHW men. Seminoma and nonseminoma rates among Hispanic men converged over the study period, whereas seminoma rates remained higher among most other groups.

Conclusions

Hispanic men now have the highest TGCT incidence rates in the United States, although the rates increased among all groups between 1992 and 2021. Racial/ethnic differences in rates require further investigation.
Molecular measurable residual disease before transplantation independently predicts survival and relapse risk in adult lysine methyltransferase 2a‐rearranged acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Wang Lulu , Chen Yuxiu , Zang Mengtong , Zhou Jianying , Xiao Mengyu , Fu Haixia , Mo Xiaodong , Wang Fengrong , Han Wei , Zhang Yuanyuan , Yan Chenhua , Wang Zhidong , Han Tingting , Lv Meng , Chen Huan , Chen Yuhong , Chen Yao , Wang Jingzhi , Wang Yu , Xu Lanping , Liu Kaiyan , Huang Xiaojun , Zhang Xiaohui
Published: January 2025

Background

Patients with lysine methyltransferase 2a (KMT2A)‐rearranged (KMT2A‐r) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are assigned to intermediate‐risk and adverse‐risk categories at diagnosis. However, the value of molecular measurable residual disease (MRD) status in patients who have KMT2A‐r AML before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) in adult cohorts has rarely been evaluated.

Methods

Patients with KMT2A‐r AML who achieved complete remission and subsequently underwent allo‐HSCT between January 2015 and January 2023 were included in this analysis. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect molecular MRD in bone marrow samples. The end points were overall survival (OS), leukemia‐free survival (LFS), the cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR), and nonrelapse mortality (NRM).

Results

Pretransplantation molecular MRD was identified in 52 of 125 patients (42%) with KMT2A‐r AML. The presence of KMT2A‐r MRD was associated with inferior 3‐year OS (51% vs. 82%; p < .001), LFS (42% vs. 81%; p < .001), CIR (33% vs. 12%; p < .001), and NRM (11% vs. 5%; p = .12). In multivariate models, molecular MRD status before transplantation independently predicted OS, LFS, and CIR. The survival of adult patients with KMT2A‐r AML was heterogeneous, depending on the KMT2A translocation partners, and was more favorable in patients who had t(9;11) and t(10;11) than in those who had t(11;19) and t(6;11). In addition, flow cytometry‐based MRD analysis conferred no additional prognostic value to the results of molecular MRD status.

Conclusions

Residual KMT2A‐r before allo‐HSCT independently predicts the risk of survival and relapse, and donor lymphocyte infusion or posttransplantation maintenance therapies should be considered for patients who have AML with detectable molecular MRD.
Correlative Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging and Atomic Force Microscopy of Lithium Deposited on Copper
Authors: Wolff Beatrice , Hellenbrandt Christian , Jakes Peter , Eichel Rüdiger‐A. , Granwehr Josef , Hausen Florian
Published: January 2025

Anode free concepts are gaining traction in battery research. To improve cyclability, a better understanding of the deposition processes and morphologies is necessary. Correlative experiments enable a link between a variety of properties obtained, such as chemical, mechanical or electrochemical data. Here, electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) is correlated with atomic force microscopy (AFM) to gain a deeper understanding of the microscopic topography and local stiffness at different intensities of the lithium selective EPRI map. Experiments were carried out on a sample of lithium deposited on copper foil from standard battery electrolyte. The correlation of both methods reveals that EPRI has a high sensitivity towards small lithium structures, while bulk lithium was not detected. The results demonstrate that EPRI can be used for prescreening to identify regions with different properties, which can then be analysed individually by AFM.
Modulating the Optical Properties of Cationic Surfactant Cetylpyridinium Chloride and Hydrazine Mediated Copper Nanoclusters
Authors: Shekhar Shashi , Paria Khokan , Agrawal Sameeksha , Mukherjee Saptarshi
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the modulations in the optical properties of cationic surfactant cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and hydrazine‐mediated copper nanoclusters (CuNCs). By employing a bottom‐up approach, we demonstrate the formation of blue‐emitting CuNCs facilitated by CPC and hydrazine, where hydrazine acts both as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The optical properties of the CuNCs were systematically tuned by varying the chain length of the diamine, resulting in emissions ranging from blue to yellow. Comprehensive characterization using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques confirmed the successful formation of CuNCs and elucidated the roles of CPC and hydrazine in their preparation. Control experiments highlighted the critical role of the pyridinium moiety and hydrophobic chain of CPC in enhancing the photoluminescence properties of the CuNCs. This work provides new insights into the design of stable, highly luminescent CuNCs for potential applications in optoelectronics and bioimaging.
Solvent Engineering‐Enabled Surface Defect Passivation in Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Solar Cells with Low Open‐Circuit Voltage Losses and Improved Carrier Lifetime
Authors: Farooq Umar , Han Boyang , Ali Shah Usman , Yang Fa , Li Sheng , Song Yanping , Hassan Ali , Li Zhengquan , Wang Jin
Published: January 2025

The efficiency of earth‐abundant kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells has been lagging behind the Shockley‐Queisser limit primarily due to the presence of deep‐level defects. These deep‐level defects cause critical issues such as short carrier diffusion length, significant band tailing, and a large open‐circuit voltage (Voc) deficit, ultimately leading to low device efficiency. To address these issues, we propose a post‐fabrication defect healing strategy by dip‐coating the CZTSSe film in dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent. Immersing the absorber layer in DMF (a polar solvent), neutralizes CuSn antisite defects through chemical bonding and facilitates the formation of a dense, smooth CZTSSe film with larger grain size. Deep‐level transient spectroscopy revealed a remarkable increase in carrier diffusion length from 93 nm (control device) to 142 nm (champion device), confirming the beneficial effect of solvent‐assisted post‐treatment on mitigating CuSn antisite defects. The reduction in defect densities led to a decrease in Voc deficit by up to 289 mV, accompanied by an increased champion device efficiency of 11.4 %. This work highlights the huge potential of the DMF post‐treatment strategy for defect healing in CZTSSe solar cells.
Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in patients with unresectable or metastatic mucosal melanoma: 3‐year survival update and multi‐omics analysis
Authors: Dai Jie , Xu Tianxiao , Li Lifeng , Fang Meiyu , Lin Jing , Cao Jun , Bai Xue , Li Caili , Wei Xiaoting , Gu Junjie , Liu Yaoyao , Gao Xuan , Xia Xuefeng , Guo Jun , Chen Yu , Mao Lili , Si Lu
Published: January 2025

Background

Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab has shown promising efficacy in advanced mucosal melanoma in the multi‐centre phase II study. This report updates 3‐year survival outcomes and multi‐omics analysis to identify potential response biomarkers.

Methods

Forty‐three intention‐to‐treat (ITT) patients received intravenous administration of atezolizumab and bevacizumab every 3 weeks. Available samples underwent whole exome sequencing, transcriptome sequencing and targeted bisulphite sequencing to assess correlations with clinical outcomes.

Results

With a median follow‐up of 40.3 months, the median overall survival (mOS) was 23.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.1–34), and the 3‐year OS rate was 28.7% (95% CI, 17.6%–46.8%). Patients with upper site melanoma exhibited longer progression‐free survival (PFS), higher tumour neoantigen burden (TNB) and greater copy number variations (CNVs) burden compared to those with lower site melanoma. NRAS mutations were associated with enhanced angiogenesis, with five of six patients achieving partial response. Inflammatory cell infiltration, angiogenic status and activation of the SMAD2 and p38 MAPK pathways may be prognostic indicators.

Conclusions

This 3‐year updated analysis confirms the sustained efficacy of atezolizumab in combination of bevacizumab in patients with advanced mucosal melanoma. Inflammatory cell infiltration and angiogenic status were associated with therapeutic response. Furthermore, mucosal melanoma of upper site and NRAS mutation appear to be good predictors of response to immune checkpoint inhibitor and anti‐angiogenic combination treatment. Targeting SMAD2 and p38 MAPK pathways may further improve the outcome of mucosal melanoma.

Key points

3‐year follow‐up study confirmed the therapeutic efficacy of atezolizumab combined with bevacizumab

Tumors in the upper site and NRAS mutations are more sensitive to treatment

Inflammatory cell infiltration, angiogenic status, and activation of the SMAD2 and p38 MAPK pathways may be prognostic indicators
Improved Double‐Ridge Horn Antenna With Microstrip Feed Line and Fork‐Shaped Dielectric Plate
Authors: Guo Shi Yu , Chen Zhi Qiang , Ye Da Gui , Ye Liang Hua , Shi Xinrong
Published: January 2025

An ultrawideband double‐ridge horn (DRH) antenna having a high gain and excellent impedance matching is presented. Two metal reflectors are perpendicular to the two ridges for improving the lower‐ and center‐frequency gain, while two sets of metallic gird sidewalls are used to fix the two reflectors together for structural stability and further increase the lower frequency gain. Additionally, a fork‐shaped dielectric plate, which is fixed between the ridges, is used to improve the higher frequency gain. To improve the impedance matching at 1–18 GHz, a microstrip line having a smoothly tapered ground plane is employed to feed the DRH antenna. Good impedance matching for VSWR < 1.85 and high gain ranging from 7.6 to 18.6 dBi are obtained for the designed DRH antenna.
Examination of endoscopic intracanal observation with an ultrafine‐diameter scope
Authors: Jinno Takeshi , Miyaguchi Kazuya , Muraishi Daiki , Narumi Toshiyuki , Kabasawa Kanji , Ohgo Hideki , Tsuzuki Yoshikazu , Imaeda Hiroyuki
Published: January 2025

Objectives

The endoscopic channel can be damaged by instruments during use and cleaning, leading to contamination, infection, and increased repair costs. However, few devices are available to observe the inside of the endoscopic channel. This study employed an ultrafine‐diameter scope to examine damage in the endoscopic channel.

Methods

Fifty‐eight endoscopes used at our institution were examined for scratches, discoloration, or deformation in the endoscopic channel using an ultrafine‐diameter scope.

Results

Damage was observed in seven of the 24 observation endoscopes and 27 of the 34 therapeutic endoscopes, with damage being more common in the therapeutic endoscopes. Scratches were observed in nine of the 25 upper gastrointestinal endoscopes, 23 of the 24 colonoscopes, and one of the two echoendoscopes. Additionally, two colonoscopes, one echoendoscope, and one double‐balloon endoscope showed indentation or narrowing near the curvature.

Conclusions

The use of an ultrafine‐diameter scope enabled the detection of minute damage and deformations in the channel. Periodic observation with the ultrafine‐diameter scope may promote the long‐term use of the scopes.
Integrated copper‐based Janus thermal system for efficient water harvesting around the clock
Authors: Zhang Congji , Chen Guopeng , Xie Shangzhen , Li Shuo , Feng Ke , Guo Zhiguang
Published: January 2025

Many regions across the globe are grappling with water scarcity issues, prompting the exploration of innovative water harvesting techniques. While the development of high‐performance water harvesting materials has been widely documented, these technologies often rely on a singular source with limited efficiency. This study presents a dual‐functional copper Janus system that facilitates continuous freshwater harvesting by integrating seawater desalination powered by solar energy during daylight hours and fog collection during night and morning time. The Janus system consists of a copper sheet and copper foam substrate, featuring superhydrophilic pores arranged on the superhydrophobic surface, as well as superhydrophilic flake‐like structures made of soot‐carbon particles, which are deposited on the framework of the copper foam. The fog collection rate of this system has been measured at 210.65 kg m−2 h−1, while the solar‐driven evaporation rate of seawater under 1‐sun conditions is reported at 1.44 kg m−2 h−1. The fog collection and evaporation efficiency have been enhanced by 28.72% and 183.27%, respectively. Furthermore, the system demonstrates strong and consistent performance even after repeated use, ensuring sustained water collection over prolonged periods. Therefore, this study presents a promising avenue for water collection technologies and offers valuable insights for the advancement of sustainable freshwater production methods.
Design and preparation of a simplified microdroplet generation device for nanoliter volume collection and measurement with liquid microjunction–surface sampling probe–mass spectrometry
Authors: Reddy Daniel O. , Zhang Lishen , Covey Thomas R. , Oleschuk Richard D.
Published: January 2025

Given recent interest in laboratory automation and miniaturization, the microdroplet research space has expanded across research disciplines and sectors. In turn, the microdroplet field is continually evolving and seeking new methods to generate microdroplets, especially in ways that can be integrated into diverse (microfluidic) workflows. Herein, we present a convenient, low‐cost, and re‐usable microdroplet generation device, termed as the “NanoWand,” which enables microdroplet formation in the nanoliter volume range through modulated surface energy and roughness, that is, an open surface energy trap (oSET), using commercially available and readily assembled coating and substrate materials. A wand‐like shape is excised from a microscope glass cover slip via laser‐micromachining and rendered hydrophobic; a circle is then cut‐out from the hydrophobically modified wand's tip using laser‐micromachining to create the oSET. By adjusting the size of the oSET with laser‐micromachining, the volume of the microdroplet can be similarly controlled. Using liquid microjunction–surface sampling probe–mass spectrometry (LMJ‐SSP‐MS), specific NanoWand droplet capture volumes were estimated to be 117 ± 23.6 nL, 198 ± 30.3 nL, and 277 ± 37.1 nL, corresponding to oSET diameters of 0.75, 1.00, and 1.25 mm, respectively. This simple approach provides a user‐friendly way to form and transfer microdroplets that could be integrated into different liquid handling applications, especially when combined with the LMJ‐SSP and ambient ionization MS as a powerful and rapid analytical tool.