bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wax Ester Synthase/Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Isoenzymes Play a Pivotal Role in Wax Ester Biosynthesis in Euglena gracilis
Authors: Tomiyama Takuya , Kurihara Kaeko , Ogawa Takahisa , Maruta Takanori , Ogawa Takumi , Ohta Daisaku , Sawa Yoshihiro , Ishikawa Takahiro
Published: October 2017

Wax ester fermentation is a unique energy gaining pathway for a unicellular phytoflagellated protozoan, Euglena gracilis, to survive under anaerobiosis. Wax esters produced in E. gracilis are composed of saturated fatty acids and alcohols, which are the major constituents of myristic acid and myristyl alcohol. Thus, wax esters can be promising alternative biofuels. Here, we report the identification and characterization of wax ester synthase/diacylglycerol acyltrasferase (WSD) isoenzymes as the terminal enzymes of wax ester production in E. gracilis. Among six possible Euglena WSD orthologs predicted by BLASTX search, gene expression analysis and in vivo evaluation for enzyme activity with yeast expressing individual recombinant WSDs indicated that two of them (EgWSD2 and EgWSD5) predominantly function as wax ester synthase. Furthermore, experiments with gene silencing demonstrated a pivotal role of both EgWSD2 and EgWSD5 in wax ester synthesis, as evidenced by remarkably reduced wax ester contents in EgWSD2/5-double knockdown E. gracilis cells treated with anaerobic conditions. Interestingly, the decreased ability to produce wax ester did not affect adaptation of E. gracilis to anaerobiosis. Lipid profile analysis suggested allocation of metabolites to other compounds including triacylglycerol instead of wax esters.
Direct hydroxylation of benzene and aromatics with H2O2catalyzed by a self-assembled iron complex: evidence for a metal-based mechanism
Authors: Capocasa Giorgio , Olivo Giorgio , Barbieri Alessia , Lanzalunga Osvaldo , Di Stefano Stefano
Published: October 2017

An imine-based catalyst easily obtained by self-assembly of cheap and commercially available starting materials selectively catalyzes the hydroxylation of aromatic compounds.
Effect of a novel potential probioticLactobacillus paracaseiJlus66 isolated from fermented milk on nonalcoholic fatty liver in rats
Authors: Ye Haiqing , Li Qian , Zhang Zhengzhe , Sun Maocheng , Zhao Changhui , Zhang Tiehua
Published: October 2017

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the main cause of chronic liver disease worldwide.
Prediction of drug–pathway interaction pairs with a disease-combined LSA-PU-KNN method
Authors: Chen Fan-Shu , Jiang Hui-Yan , Jiang Zhenran
Published: October 2017

This paper proposes a prediction of potential associations between drugs and pathways based on a disease-related LSA-PU-KNN method.
Copper-catalysed dehydrogenative α-C(sp3)–H amination of tetrahydroquinolines with O-benzoyl hydroxylamines
Authors: Zhao He , Chen Xiuwen , Jiang Huanfeng , Zhang Min
Published: October 2017

A copper-catalysed dehydrogenative α-C(sp3)–H amination of tetrahydroquinolines with O-benzoyl hydroxylamines has been demonstrated, which enables direct access to 2-alkylaminoquinolines in efficient manner.
Ionic liquids as efficient pretreatment solvents for lignocellulosic biomass
Authors: Wang Fu-Ling , Li Shuang , Sun Yi-Xin , Han Hui-Ying , Zhang Bi-Xian , Hu Bao-Zhong , Gao Yun-Fei , Hu Xiao-Mei
Published: October 2017

Ionic liquid (IL)-assisted pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass has been extensively studied.
Biological evaluation of dinuclear copper complex/dichloroacetic acid cocrystal against human breast cancer: design, synthesis, characterization, DFT studies and cytotoxicity assays
Authors: Usman Mohammad , Arjmand Farukh , Khan Rais Ahmad , Alsalme Ali , Ahmad Musheer , Tabassum Sartaj
Published: October 2017

Binuclear copper(ii) cocrystal “[Cu2(valdien)2⋯2Cl2CHCOOH],”1was synthesized from H2valdien scaffold and anticancer drug pharmacophore “dichloroacetic acid” embedded with two Cu(ii) connectedviaa hydrogen bonded network.
A cost-effective birnessite–silicon solar cell hybrid system with enhanced performance for dye decolorization
Authors: Ren Guiping , Sun Manyi , Sun Yuan , Li Yan , Wang Changqiu , Lu Anhuai , Ding Hongrui
Published: October 2017

A birnessite–silicon solar cell hybrid system with enhanced performance for dye decolorization.
Synthesis, cytotoxic activity and drug combination study of tertiary amine derivatives of 2′,4′-dihydroxyl-6′-methoxyl-3′,5′-dimethylchalcone
Authors: Wang Chen , Wu Ping , Shen Xiao-Ling , Wei Xiao-Yi , Jiang Zi-Hua
Published: October 2017

Tertiary amine derivative of DMC (2b) exhibited broad spectrum of cytotoxicity and strong synergism with Taxol® against HeLa/Tax cells.
Recent progress in the preparation and application of quantum dots/graphene composite materials
Authors: Tong Ling , Qiu Feng , Zeng Tianjian , Long Jia , Yang Jie , Wang Rongfei , Zhang Jin , Wang Chong , Sun Tao , Yang Yu
Published: October 2017

Quantum dots/graphene (QDs/GR) composite materials show a distinct synergistic effect between the QDs and graphene, which has aroused vast attention toward their unique characteristics in the last few decades.
One-component Diels–Alder based polyurethanes: a unique way to self-heal
Authors: Willocq B. , Khelifa F. , Brancart J. , Van Assche G. , Dubois Ph. , Raquez J.-M.
Published: October 2017

In the present work, we synthesized one-component self-healing polyurethanes based on thermo-reversible furan/maleimide Diels–Alder reactions.
Spherical polyelectrolyte nanogels as templates to prepare hollow silica nanocarriers: observation by small angle X-ray scattering and TEM
Authors: Han Haoya , Li Li , Tian Yuchuan , Wang Yunwei , Ye Zhishuang , Yang Qingsong , Wang Yiming , von Klitzing Regine , Guo Xuhong
Published: October 2017

Hollow silica nanoparticles were prepared through generating a silica layer in spherical polyelectrolyte nanogels, which consisted of a solid core of polystyrene and a shell of crosslinked poly(acrylic acid), followed by removing the core via solvent dissolution.
Trichodermamides D–F, heterocyclic dipeptides with a highly functionalized 1,2-oxazadecaline core isolated from the endophytic fungus Penicillium janthinellum HDN13-309
Authors: Zhu Meilin , Yang Zhen , Feng Huimin , Gan Qi , Che Qian , Zhu Tianjiao , Gu Qianqun , Han Bingnan , Li Dehai
Published: October 2017

Six trichodermamides, including three new ones, were isolated from an endophytic fungus, and two of them could function as antioxidants.
Epoxidation of 1-octene under harsh tail-end conditions in a flow reactor II: impact of delaminated-zeolite catalyst surface area and structural integrity on catalytic performance
Authors: Aigner Martina , Grosso-Giordano Nicolás Andrés , Schöttle Christian , Okrut Alexander , Zones Stacey , Katz Alexander
Published: October 2017

The effect of delamination approach of zeolite catalysts was investigated for olefin epoxidation in a flow reactor.
A matrix of heterobimetallic complexes for interrogation of hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalysts
Authors: Ghosh Pokhraj , Ding Shengda , Chupik Rachel B. , Quiroz Manuel , Hsieh Chung-Hung , Bhuvanesh Nattami , Hall Michael B. , Darensbourg Marcetta Y.
Published: October 2017

Nitrosyls as electron reservoirs guide protons to favorable sites in bimetallic HER catalysts.
Catalytic 1,2-dihydronaphthalene and E-aryl-diene synthesis via CoIII–Carbene radical and o-quinodimethane intermediates
Authors: te Grotenhuis Colet , Das Braja G. , Kuijpers Petrus F. , Hageman Wouter , Trouwborst Mees , de Bruin Bas
Published: October 2017

Catalytic synthesis of substituted 1,2-dihydronaphthalenes via metalloradical activation of o-styryl N-tosyl hydrazones is presented. Substrates with an alkyl substituent on the allylic position reacted to form E-aryl-dienes rather than the expected 1,2-dihydronaphthalenes.
pH-responsive superomniphobic nanoparticles as versatile candidates for encapsulating adhesive liquid marbles
Authors: Chandan S. , Ramakrishna S. , Sunitha K. , Chandran M. Satheesh , Kumar K. S. Santhosh , Mathew Dona
Published: October 2017

Adhesives as dry marbles; mechanically robust, pH tunable liquid marbles from superomniphobic nanoparticles for distance bonding operations.
Flexible self-supported metal–organic framework mats with exceptionally high porosity for enhanced separation and catalysis
Authors: Liang Huixin , Jiao Xiuling , Li Cheng , Chen Dairong
Published: October 2017

A wide range of flexible MOF-only mats are prepared and exhibit enhanced performances in water treatment, air purification and catalysis.
Tetrahedral crosslinking of dia-type nets into a zeolitic GIS-type framework for optimizing stability and gas sorption
Authors: Tan Yan-Xi , Si Yanan , Wang Wenjing , Yuan Daqiang
Published: October 2017

Unstable interpenetrating dia nets are tetrahedrally crosslinked by Cu+ into stable GIS-type FJI-Y3 for optimizing H2, D2 and C2H2 sorption.
Rationally designed particle-in-aperture hybrid arrays as large-scale, highly reproducible SERS substrates
Authors: Ye Shunsheng , Wang Hongyu , Wang Hailong , Chang Lingxia , Zhang Junhu , Yang Bai
Published: October 2017

A uniform, large-scale particle-in-aperture hybrid array with well-defined nanoring hot spots is rationally designed and fabricated for highly reproducible SERS.
Multi-branch Au/Ag bimetallic core–shell–satellite nanoparticles as a versatile SERS substrate: the effect of Au branches in a mesoporous silica interlayer
Authors: Zhao Jing , Long Li , Weng Guojun , Li Jianjun , Zhu Jian , Zhao Jun-Wu
Published: October 2017

An Au/Ag bimetallic core–shell–satellite nanostructure was demonstrated to have high SERS activity due to a large number of accessible tips and nanogaps.
Connecting two phenazines with a four-membered ring: the synthesis, properties and applications of cyclobuta[1,2-b:3,4-b′]diphenazines
Authors: Yang Shuaijun , Chu Ming , Miao Qian
Published: October 2017

This study puts forth a new π-electron molecular scaffold containing two phenazine moieties connected by a four-membered ring. It exhibits interesting optical and electronic properties and sheds light on the role of the four-membered ring in conjugation.
Preparation, characterisation, drug loading and release properties of a novel KIT‐6/poly(AA‐EGDMA) nanocomposite
Authors: Shafiei Anahita , Yahya S. , Beheshtiha Sh. , Heravi Majid M. , Kalbasi Roozbeh Javad
Published: October 2017

A KIT‐6/poly(acrylic acid‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (KIT‐6/Poly(AA‐EGDMA) nanocomposite was synthesised as an adequate carrier. KIT‐6 as a three‐dimensional cubic symmetric structure was prepared by the sol–gel method. Polymerisation was carried out through the in situ method in which EGDMA was cross‐linked by AA inside KIT‐6 pores. This mesostructure acts as a smart uptake and release of the ibuprofen (IBU) system. Diverse characterisation techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, thermal gravimetric, scanning electron microscopy and ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy were employed to determine the relationship between the carrier nature and drug release performance. The KIT‐6/Poly(AA‐EGDMA) was modified by changing the ratio of the polymer and IBU as well as its time‐loading. The results proved that the KIT‐6/Poly(AA‐EGDMA) has the ability of drug adsorption and slow release in a simulated body fluid.
Controlled and Efficient Stereoselective Synthesis of Oxindole-Appended 1-Aza-1,3-butadiene Derivatives via a One-Pot Buchwald–Hartwig Amination/Elimination Strategy
Authors: Lingam Kandapalam , Selvakumar Kodirajan , Amutha Periyasamy , Yuvaraj Paneerselvam
Published: October 2017

The enamine-free, stereoselective synthesis of oxindole-appended­ 1-aza-1,3-butadienes with an electron-withdrawing-group at the 3-position has been achieved in good yields from (Z)-β-bromo-substituted Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) adducts of oxindoles via a one-pot Buchwald–Hartwig amination/elimination strategy. The versatility of the (Z)-β-bromo MBH adducts of oxindoles was further demonstrated by the formation of π-conjugated oxindole derivatives in typical palladium­-catalysed coupling reactions.
Update on Femoroacetabular Impingement: What Is New, and How Should We Assess It?
Authors: Pfirrmann Christian , Sutter Reto
Published: October 2017

It is almost 20 years since the concept of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) was introduced, and by now a large number of orthopaedic surgeons, sports physicians, and radiologists have implemented this concept in clinical practice, as is evident in the steady rise in the number of patients diagnosed and treated for FAI. However, this trend has been accompanied by some criticism and concerns about overdiagnosing FAI. Imaging continues to play a crucial part in the evaluation of patients with suspected FAI. This review looks at the current state of FAI: Which parts of the FAI concept have become widely accepted, which ideas have been abandoned, and how should we assess patients with suspected FAI today? Although cam- and pincer-type morphology remain two central pillars of the FAI concept, the important role of abnormal femoral torsion in the development of FAI has now been recognized. High-level sports activities during skeletal maturation have been proven to increase the risk of developing FAI.
Real-Life-Evidenz zur Therapie der neovaskulären altersabhängigen Makuladegeneration in Deutschland
Authors: Finger Robert , Wecker Thomas , Stahl Andreas , Grüb Matthias , Holz Frank , Sachs Helmut , Wilke Robert
Published: October 2017

Die Therapie der neovaskulären altersabhängigen Makuladegeneration (nvAMD) mit Inhibitoren des vaskulären endothelialen Wachstumsfaktors hat sich seit Einführung in Deutschland deutlich verbessert. In verschiedenen Anwendungsbeobachtungen zum Einsatz von Ranibizumab und Aflibercept in Deutschland hat sich in den letzten Jahren – parallel zur steigenden Behandlungsfrequenz – ein verbesserter Funktionsgewinn am Ende des 1. Behandlungsjahrs gezeigt. Dies spiegelt sich z. T. auch in retrospektiven Fallserien wider. Mit längeren Verlaufszeiträumen, z. B. für eine Nachbeobachtung von mehr als 3 Jahren, stellt sich trotz des initialen Visusgewinns ein zunehmender Funktionsverlust ein, sodass langfristig nur der Ausgangsvisus gehalten werden konnte. Eine Therapieverzögerung ist vor allem im ländlichen Bereich und bei einer Betreuung an verschiedenen Einrichtungen (z. B. mehreren Praxen oder Praxis und Klinik) ein Problem. Erfreulicherweise weisen hier aktuellere Auswertungen auf eine positive Entwicklung hin. Therapieverzögerung wurde reduziert, Therapie- bzw. Injektionsfrequenz erhöht und Therapieergebnisse verbessert. Dieser Trend muss sich fortsetzen, damit optimale, unter Routinebedingungen zu erreichende Therapieergebnisse in Deutschland erzielt werden.
Reduction of in-plane field required for spin-orbit torque magnetization reversal by insertion of Au spacer in Pt/Au/Co/Ni/Co/Ta
Authors: Mann M. , Beach G. S. D.
Published: October 2017

Spin-orbit torques and current-induced switching are studied in perpendicularly magnetized Pt/Au/(Co/Ni/Co) films as a function of Au insertion layer thickness tAu. By simultaneously varying the ferromagnet layer thickness, a parametric series of samples with nearly constant anisotropy were prepared. On this series, spin orbit torques were characterized by harmonic voltage and hysteresis loop shift measurements, and current-induced switching was examined as a function of the in-plane bias field. Little variation is seen for tAu < 0.5 nm, whereas for tAu > 0.5 nm, a series of well-correlated effects appear. Both the loop shift efficiency and the Slonczewski-like spin-orbit torque effective field double, while the in-plane field required to saturate the loop shift efficiency decreases by a factor of ∼10. Correspondingly, the current and in-plane field required for spin-orbit torque switching are reduced by about 90%. These results suggest that a thin Au insertion layer reduces the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction strength and improves spin transmission at the spin Hall metal/ferromagnet interface, substantially reducing the in-plane field and currents for spin orbit torque switching.
Corrosion resistant metallic glasses for biosensing applications
Authors: Sagasti Ariane , Lopes Ana Catarina , Lasheras Andoni , Palomares Verónica , Carrizo Javier , Gutierrez Jon , Barandiaran J. Manuel
Published: October 2017

We report the fabrication by melt spinning, the magnetic and magnetoelastic characterization and corrosion behaviour study (by potentiodynamic methods) of an Fe-based, Fe-Ni-Cr-Si-B metallic glass to be used as resonant platform for biological and chemical detection purposes. The same study has been performed in Fe-Co-Si-B (with excellent magnetoelastic properties) and Fe-Ni-B (with good corrosion properties due to the substitution of Co by Ni) composition amorphous alloys. The well-known, commercial metallic glass with high corrosion resistance Metglas 2826MB®(Fe40Ni38Mo4B18), widely used for such biological and chemical detection purposes, has been also fully characterized and used as reference. For our Fe-Ni-Cr-Si-B alloy, we have measured values of magnetization (1.22 T), magnetostriction (11.5 ppm) and ΔE effect (6.8 %) values, as well as corrosion potential (-0.25 V), current density (2.54 A/m2), and polarization resistance (56.22 Ω.cm2) that make this composition very promising for the desired biosensing applications. The obtained parameters from our exhaustive characterization are compared with the values obtained for the other different composition metallic glasses and discussed in terms of Ni and Cr content.
Impact of the interaction of material production and mechanical processing on the magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steel
Authors: Leuning Nora , Steentjes Simon , Stöcker Anett , Kawalla Rudolf , Wei Xuefei , Dierdorf Jens , Hirt Gerhard , Roggenbuck Stefan , Korte-Kerzel Sandra , Weiss Hannes A. , Volk Wolfram , Hameyer Kay
Published: October 2017

Thin laminations of non-grain oriented (NO) electrical steels form the magnetic core of rotating electrical machines. The magnetic properties of these laminations are therefore key elements for the efficiency of electric drives and need to be fully utilized. Ideally, high magnetization and low losses are realized over the entire polarization and frequency spectrum at reasonable production and processing costs. However, such an ideal material does not exist and thus, achievable magnetic properties need to be deduced from the respective application requirements. Parameters of the electrical steel such as lamination thickness, microstructure and texture affect the magnetic properties as well as their polarization and frequency dependence. These structural features represent possibilities to actively alter the magnetic properties, e.g., magnetization curve, magnetic loss or frequency dependence. This paper studies the influence of production and processing on the resulting magnetic properties of a 2.4 wt% Si electrical steel. Aim is to close the gap between production influence on the material properties and its resulting effect on the magnetization curves and losses at different frequencies with a strong focus on occurring interdependencies between production and mechanical processing. The material production is realized on an experimental processing route that comprises the steps of hot rolling, cold rolling, annealing and punching.
Structural and magnetic behavior of Fe(Nb,Zr) rich alloys produced by mechanical alloying
Authors: Carrillo A. , Escoda L. , Saurina J. , Suñol J. J.
Published: October 2017

Fe80Nb7B12Cu1 and Fe80(NiZr)7B12Cu1, nanocrystalline alloys were synthesized in two high-energy ball milling devices (planetary, shaker). The microstructure, thermal and magnetic properties of the milled powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM); respectively. Milling device influences the microstructure and properties of final products. The results suggest more energetic milling in shaker mill. The main phase is always bcc Fe rich solid solution. Nevertheless, in Fe80Nb7B12Cu1 alloy minor Nb(B) phase is found after shaker milling and in Fe80(NiZr)7B12Cu1 alloy a low crystalline size Zr rich phase after planetary milling. Crystalline grain size ranges between 9.5 and 15.1 nm; lower values correspond to alloys with a second minor phase. Coercivity values ranges between 28.6 and 36.9 Oe.
Elastic metamaterial with simultaneously negative refraction for longitudinal and transverse waves
Authors: Wu Ji-En , Wang Xiaoyun , Tang Bing , He Zhaojian , Deng Ke , Zhao Heping
Published: October 2017

We present a study of elastic metamaterial that possesses multiple local resonances. We demonstrated that the elastic metamaterial can have simultaneously three negative effective parameters, i.e., negative effective mass, effective bulk modulus and effective shear modulus at a certain frequency range. Through the analysis of the resonant field, it has been elucidated that the three negative parameters are induced by dipolar, monopolar and quadrupolar resonance respectively. The dipolar and monopolar resonances result into the negative band for longitudinal waves, while the dipolar and quadrupolar resonances cause the negative band for transverse waves. The two bands have an overlapping frequency regime. A simultaneously negative refraction for both longitudinal waves and transverse waves has been demonstrated in the system.
Design and construction of a new steady-state apparatus for medium thermal conductivity measurement at high temperature
Authors: Wang Yong , Xiao Peng , Dai Jingmin
Published: October 2017

A new steady-state apparatus is designed and constructed for the measurement of thermal conductivity (up to 25 W/mK) on a square specimen (300 mm side) with a heating temperature range from 30 °C to 900 °C. A vacuum container, of which the pressure can reach to 1 Pa, is also built for materials which can be easily oxidized. The structure of the facility is different from that of traditional steady-state devices, especially for the design of heating plate and heat sink. To verify the temperature uniformity of the heating plate, a simulation analysis is carried out in this paper. Besides, the heating system, the heat sink, the measuring system, and the vacuum system are presented in detail. In addition, the thermal conductivities of a heat insulation tile, 304L stainless steel, n-docosane, and erythritol are measured by this apparatus. Finally, an uncertainty analysis is discussed depending on different temperatures and materials.
Substantial increase in yield of Neisseria gonorrhoeae testing 2008–2013 at a Sydney metropolitan sexual health clinic: an observational study
Authors: Rajagopal Preethi , Goddard Sian L. , Templeton David J.
Published: October 2017

Background
A substantial increase in gonorrhoea notifications in New South Wales has been observed in recent years. Methods: We assessed yield of testing and characteristics of those diagnosed with gonorrhoea from January 2008 to December 2013 at RPA Sexual Health in the inner-west of Sydney. Yield was defined as the proportion of testing occasions which were positive for gonorrhoea. Generalised estimating equations were used to calculate trends in yield over time. Results: During the 6-year study period, 6456 individuals (4308 males, 2124 females, 24 transgender individuals) were tested on 12 799 occasions; this included 2441 gay and bisexual men (GBM) who were tested on 6945 occasions. Over the study period there was a significant increase in testing at genital, anorectal and pharyngeal sites (P-trend <0.001 for all). In total, gonorrhoea was detected on 668 testing occasions among 536 individuals (5.2%). Overall, 254/12765 (2.0%) of genital tests, 251/7326 (3.4%) of anorectal tests and 342/8252 (4.1%) of pharyngeal tests were positive. There was a significant increase in overall gonorrhoea yield from 2.2% in 2008 to 7.1% in 2013 (P-trend <0.001). This temporal increase in gonorrhoea yield was observed in heterosexual males (P < 0.001), heterosexual females (P-trend = 0.008), female sex workers (P-trend = 0.006), HIV-positive GBM and HIV-negative GBM (both P < 0.001) and at all anatomical sites (P-trend <0.001 for all). Conclusions: From 2008 to 2013, we observed a greater than threefold increase in yield of gonorrhoea testing disproportionately affecting GBM, although the increase also occurred in other subpopulations and at all anatomic sites. More frequent and comprehensive testing could potentially reduce the high and increasing community prevalence of gonorrhoea.
Involvement of the exomer complex in the polarized transport of Ena1 required forSaccharomyces cerevisiaesurvival against toxic cations
Authors: Anton Carlos , Zanolari Bettina , Arcones Irene , Wang Congwei , Mulet Jose Miguel , Spang Anne , Roncero Cesar
Published: October 2017

Exomer is an adaptor complex required for the direct transport of a selected number of cargoes from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the plasma membrane in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, exomer mutants are highly sensitive to increased concentrations of alkali metal cations, a situation that remains unexplained by the lack of transport of any known cargoes. Here we identify several HAL genes that act as multicopy suppressors of this sensitivity and are connected to the reduced function of the sodium ATPase Ena1. Furthermore, we find that Ena1 is dependent on exomer function. Even though Ena1 can reach the plasma membrane independently of exomer, polarized delivery of Ena1 to the bud requires functional exomer. Moreover, exomer is required for full induction of Ena1 expression after cationic stress by facilitating the plasma membrane recruitment of the molecular machinery involved in Rim101 processing and activation of the RIM101 pathway in response to stress. Both the defective localization and the reduced levels of Ena1 contribute to the sensitivity of exomer mutants to alkali metal cations. Our work thus expands the spectrum of exomer-dependent proteins and provides a link to a more general role of exomer in TGN organization.
First results on the cluster galaxy population from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam survey. II. Faint end color–magnitude diagrams and radial profiles of red and blue galaxies at 0.1 < z < 1.1
Authors: Nishizawa Atsushi J , Oguri Masamune , Oogi Taira , More Surhud , Nishimichi Takahiro , Nagashima Masahiro , Lin Yen-Ting , Mandelbaum Rachel , Takada Masahiro , Bahcall Neta , Coupon Jean , Huang Song , Jian Hung-Yu , Komiyama Yutaka , Leauthaud Alexie , Lin Lihwai , Miyatake Hironao , Miyazaki Satoshi , Tanaka Masayuki
Published: October 2017

We present a statistical study of the redshift evolution of the cluster galaxy population over a wide redshift range from 0.1 to 1.1, using ∼1900 optically-selected CAMIRA clusters from ∼232 deg2 of the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Wide S16A data. Our stacking technique with a statistical background subtraction reveals color–magnitude diagrams of red-sequence and blue cluster galaxies down to faint magnitudes of mz ∼ 24. We find that the linear relation of red-sequence galaxies in the color–magnitude diagram extends down to the faintest magnitudes we explore with a small intrinsic scatter σint(g − r) < 0.1. The scatter does not evolve significantly with redshift. The stacked color–magnitude diagrams are used to define red and blue galaxies in clusters in order to study their radial number density profiles without resorting to photometric redshifts of individual galaxies. We find that red galaxies are significantly more concentrated toward cluster centers and blue galaxies dominate the outskirts of clusters. We explore the fraction of red galaxies in clusters as a function of redshift, and find that the red fraction decreases with increasing distances from cluster centers. The red fraction exhibits a moderate decrease with increasing redshift. The radial number density profiles of cluster member galaxies are also used to infer the location of the steepest slope in the three-dimensional galaxy density profiles. For a fixed threshold in richness, we find little redshift evolution in this location.
Mini-Scleral Lenses for Correction of Refractive Errors After Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Chu Hsiao-Sang , Wang I-Jong , Tseng Grace A. , Chen Wei-Li , Hou Yu-Chih , Hu Fung-Rong
Published: October 2017

Objective:

To evaluate the factors affecting clinical outcomes of correcting cumulative refractive errors or irregular astigmatism after radial keratotomy (RK) using mini-scleral lenses.

Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed 36 eyes receiving mini-scleral lenses after RK from July 2011 to June 2016. Analyses included age, refractive errors, best spectacle–corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), best contact lens–corrected visual acuity (BCLCVA), topographic indices, RK treatment zone diameter (TZD), power difference (PrD) within the RK treatment zone, and decentration distance (DD) of the RK treatment zone center. An increase of three lines or more of Snellen visual acuity was considered a successful fitting.

Results:

Of the eyes fitted with mini-scleral lenses, the BCLCVA (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR] 0.19±0.22) was significantly better than the BSCVA (logMAR 0.47±0.30). Twenty-three patients (64%) had a successful fitting. There was no statistically significant difference between successful and unsuccessful fittings with regard to age, prefitting refractive error, BSCVA, corneal astigmatism, simulated steep/flat K values, surface regularity index, TZD, or PrD. However, successful fittings had better centration of treatment zones with an average DD of 0.54±0.44 mm compared with a DD of 0.92±0.53 mm in the unsuccessfully fitted eyes. In addition, our case series showed that there was a negative impact on fitting outcomes in the presence of small central clear zones resulting from central incisions or scars.

Conclusions:

Although decentration of the RK treatment zone and small central clear zones were related to less optimal fitting results, mini-scleral lenses are a feasible option to correct cumulative refractive errors and irregular astigmatism in post-RK patients.
Utility of Mobile Communication Devices as a Tool to Improve Adherence to Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-infected Children and Young Adults in Argentina
Authors: Stankievich Erica , Malanca Adriana , Foradori Irene , Ivalo Silvina , Losso Marcelo
Published: October 2017

Background:

Optimal adherence is critical to achieve the benefits of antiretroviral treatment (ART). The aim of the study is to evaluate the use of mobile devices as a strategy to improve adherence to ART, measured by viral load (VL) in HIV+ patients less than 25 years of age.

Methods:

A prospective study was conducted in a cohort of HIV+ patients less than 25 years of age. HIV+ patients, on ART, VL >1000 copies/mL, using mobile devices and suboptimal adherence were included. The intervention was based on a mobile generic contact twice a month using text message and Facebook during 32 weeks. Extended communications were generated by the patient. VL was performed before and after the intervention.

Results:

Twenty-five patients were included. Three were excluded and 22 patients were enrolled. Mean age was 17.2 ± 6.1 years (range: 6–25); 15 (68%) were female; mean baseline VL was 25,100 copies/mL (range: 1020–500,000 copies/mL), mean log was 4.3 (range: 3–5.7 log). Each participant received a total of 16 contacts; 84% (296) were answered by the patient and 54% (189) of the contacts generated extended communications. After the strategy implementation, 20/22 VL results were available: 13/20 (65%) were undetectable, 14/20 (70%) had VL < 1000 copies/mL and 6/20 (30%) VLs had no changes.

Conclusions:

The use of mobile devices and social networks is a valid tool to improve ART adherence in HIV+ pediatric and young adults, evaluated through VL. The strategy is feasible. The reminder messages trigger additional communications between patients and health provider and better engagement with HIV care. Longer follow-up time is needed.
Proximal Radial Head Fractures in Young Gymnasts: A Case Series of Newly Described Overuse Injuries
Authors: Santelli Jaron , McCambridge Teri M. , Valasek Amy E. , Standiford Kathleen
Published: October 2017

We report a case series of unilateral Salter-Harris IV fractures of the proximal radial heads in young female gymnasts. To date, there are no previous reports of such injuries in gymnastics. In all 3 athletes, no significant injury preceded presentation or diagnosis. Radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging showed fractures and associated bone marrow edema of the proximal radial head, respectively. All but 1 was treated nonoperatively with success. Given the lack of acute trauma, lack of large effusion, and good range of motion at presentation, these injuries are believed to be chronic in nature and related to overuse. This case series highlights the need for routine surveillance and the limiting of upper extremity weight bearing when possible in gymnasts.
Financial Performance of Hospitals in the Mississippi Delta Region Under the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program and Hospital Value-based Purchasing Program
Authors: Chen Hsueh-Fen , Karim Saleema , Wan Fei , Nevola Adrienne , Morris Michael E. , Bird T. Mac , Tilford J. Mick
Published: October 2017

Background:

Previous studies showed that the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP) and the Hospital Value-based Purchasing Program (HVBP) disproportionately penalized hospitals caring for the poor. The Mississippi Delta Region (Delta Region) is among the most socioeconomically disadvantaged areas in the United States. The financial performance of hospitals in the Delta Region under both HRRP and HVBP remains unclear.

Objective:

To compare the differences in financial performance under both HRRP and HVBP between hospitals in the Delta Region (Delta hospitals) and others in the nation (non-Delta hospitals).

Research Design:

We used a 7-year panel dataset and applied difference-in-difference models to examine operating and total margin between Delta and non-Delta hospitals in 3 time periods: preperiod (2008–2010); postperiod 1 (2011–2012); and postperiod 2 (2013–2014).

Results:

The Delta hospitals had a 0.89% and 4.24% reduction in operating margin in postperiods 1 and 2, respectively, whereas the non-Delta hospitals had 1.13% and 1% increases in operating margin in postperiods 1 and 2, respectively. The disparity in total margins also widened as Delta hospitals had a 1.98% increase in postperiod 1, but a 0.30% reduction in postperiod 2, whereas non-Delta hospitals had 1.27% and 2.28% increases in postperiods 1 and 2, respectively.

Conclusions:

The gap in financial performance between Delta and non-Delta hospitals widened following the implementation of HRRP and HVBP. Policy makers should modify these 2 programs to ensure that resources are not moved from the communities that need them most.
Priming With 1-Hz Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Over Contralesional Leg Motor Cortex Does Not Increase the Rate of Regaining Ambulation Within 3 Months of Stroke
Authors: Huang Ying-Zu , Lin Li-Fong , Chang Kwang-Hwa , Hu Chaur-Jong , Liou Tsan-Hon , Lin Yen-Nung
Published: October 2017

Background

The potential benefits of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), applied either alone or as a combination treatment, on recovery of lower limbs after stroke have been insufficiently studied.

Objective

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of priming with 1-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over contralesional leg motor area with a double-cone coil before physical therapy on regaining ambulation.

Methods

Thirty-eight subacute stroke patients with significant leg disabilities were randomly assigned into the experimental group or control group to receive a 15-min real or sham 1-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, respectively, over the contralesional motor cortex representing the quadriceps muscle followed by 45-min physical therapy for 15 sessions for 3 wks. Functional measures, motor evoked potentials, and quality of life were assessed.

Results

There was no significant difference between experimental group and control group regarding the recovery in ambulation, balance, motor functions, and activity of daily living. No significant difference was found in other functional measures and the quality of life. Only the control group displayed significantly increased cortical excitability of the contralesional hemisphere after the intervention.

Conclusions

The present study found that insufficient evidence that contralesional priming with 1-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation improves ambulatory and other motor functions among patients with a severe leg dysfunction in subacute stroke.
Fascial Graft Repair of Wide Bilateral Cleft Lip Deformity
Authors: Hosny Husam , Abdelsattar Ayman Husein
Published: October 2017

Wide bilateral cleft lip deformity reconstruction represents a special difficulty as it affects the lip, nose, and maxillary segments making single-stage reconstruction sometimes unobtainable. Many surgical and nonsurgical techniques have been prescribed to facilitate the definitive repair. Although some of these techniques proved to be useful, they have their inherent limitations and add another treatment step with all its possible complications and costs. The authors present a new method to address muscle layer repair in 1-stage procedure. It entails using fascial graft obtained from the temporalis muscle fascia or fascia lata, to reconstruct orbicularis oris lip muscle. Seven patients of wide bilateral cleft lip deformity (mean 17 mm) with a mean age of 4.4 months were subjected to single-stage lip reconstruction. After measuring the defect between both lateral muscle segments in front of the premaxilla intraoperatively ensuring that direct muscle repair could not be obtained, a fascial graft was harvested and sutured to both muscle edges. The authors found that, regardless the defect size or premaxilla protrusion, all wide clefts could be reconstructed satisfactorily in 1 stage procedure. No serious postoperative complications have been encountered in the lip or donor areas. Early follow-up reporting of the patients revealed stable repair. However more follow-up is still needed to assess late sequelae. In conclusion, fascial graft muscle repair of wide bilateral cleft lip deformity enables early 1-stage lip reconstruction without tension. The added donor morbidity is minimal and well tolerated.
Craniocervical Pseudomeningocele Following Cerebellar Meningioma Resection: Demonstration of Neck of Pseudomeningocele With Three-Dimensional Isotropic T2-Weighted SPACE Sequence at 3 Tesla (3T) Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Ayyildiz Veysel , Ogul Hayri
Published: October 2017

Postoperative pseudomeningocele is an uncommon complication of craniospinal surgery. Diagnosis is reached on a postoperative computed tomography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Demonstration of the location and dimension of the dural defect before surgical therapy is a very important. T1- and T2-weighted MR images revealed a significant pseudomeningocele extending from left cervicooccipital region. Magnitude and phase-contrast-MR images showed a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow into pseudomeningocele, but they no revealed dural defect. Three-dimensional isotropic T2-weighted SPACE sequence revealed a signal void indicating CSF flow into pseudomeningocele and location and exact size of dural tear. Three-dimensional isotropic T2-weighted SPACE sequence is certainly the noninvasive and optimal method for demonstrating postoperative pseudomeningocele sacs. It demonstrates a pseudomeningocele regardless of an existing communication with the dural membrane.
Variability in Minimally Invasive Surgery for Sagittal Craniosynostosis
Authors: Garland Catharine B. , Camison Liliana , Dong Shirley M. , Mai Rick S. , Losee Joseph E. , Goldstein Jesse A.
Published: October 2017

Minimally invasive approaches to the surgical correction of sagittal craniosynostosis are gaining favor as an alternative to open cranial vault remodeling. In this systematic review, the reviewers evaluate the variability in described surgical techniques for minimally invasive correction of sagittal craniosynostosis. Articles were selected based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria from an online literature search through PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library. Extracted data included the incisions, method of dissection, osteotomies performed, and type of force therapy utilized.

A total of 28 articles from 15 author groups were included in the final analysis. Of the 28 articles, 17 distinct techniques were identified. Significant variation existed in both the technique and the terminology used to describe it. Access to the cranium varied between a standard bicoronal incision (n = 2), a “lazy S” incision (n = 2), and multiple short incisions along the fused sagittal suture (n = 13). Additional variations were found in the size and design of the osteotomy, the usage (and duration, if applicable) of force therapy, and the age of the patient at the time of surgical intervention.

This systematic review demonstrates that minimally invasive approaches to sagittal craniosynostosis vary widely in technique with respect to the incisions, osteotomies, and force therapy used. Additionally, the terminology employed in describing minimally invasive approaches is inconsistent across centers. This discrepancy between technique and terminology presents challenges for reporting and interpreting the increasing body of literature on this subject. We recommend standard terminology be used for future publications on minimally invasive techniques.
Evaluation of Sinonasal Change After Lefort I Osteotomy Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography Images
Authors: Baeg Seung Woo , Hong Yun Pyo , Cho Dong Hyun , Lee Jeong Keun , Song Seung Il
Published: October 2017

Orthognathic surgery including Le Fort I osteotomy involves changes in the nasal septum and maxillary sinus. This study assesses nasal septum changes after Le Fort I osteotomy using cone beam computed tomography images and evaluates mucosal changes in the maxillary sinus after the surgery.

This was a retrospective study of 33 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery including Le Fort I osteotomy. To assess the maxillary sinus, changes in the mucosa of the maxillary sinus were analyzed by volume and geometry. We measured the air cavity per se and mucosal thickening of the maxillary sinus using SIMPLANT (Materialise, Belgium) software. And the geometry of the distribution of the mucosa was analyzed using cone beam computed tomography images.

The septal angle was decreased after surgery, but not significantly (P > 0.05). The volume reduction of the air cavity per se and the volume increase associated with mucosal thickening were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Mucosal thickening was observed in the posterior-inferior direction.

In this study, nasal septum deviation was not statistically significant after Le Fort I osteotomy. Decrease of the air cavity per se, decrease of the total volume of the maxillary sinus, and increase of mucosal thickening were prominent. Furthermore, the mucosal thickening that occurs after surgery appears to be mainly in the posterior lower part of the maxillary sinus.
Reconstruction of Liposarcoma Resection Defect With a Made-to-Measure Polyethylene Prosthesis Using Three-Dimensional Digital Technology
Authors: Hernando Josué , Geijo David , Leizaola-Cardesa Ignacio Osoitz , Aguilar-Salvatierra Antonio , Gómez María Carmen , Erce Cristina , Martín Javier , Gómez-Moreno Gerardo
Published: October 2017

Background:

Liposarcoma is considered one of the most frequently occurring tumors of the soft tissues, representing 17% to 30% of all mesenchymal cell tumors. It is less common in the head and neck representing <10% of tumors in this region. The reconstruction of defects derived from resection of these tumors presents a surgical challenge. New three-dimensional digital technologies allow more exact surgery, cause less morbidity, and achieve adequate aesthetic outcomes.

Objective:

The aim of this article was to describe the complex reconstruction of a defect caused by the resection of a liposarcoma in the temporal region.

Methods:

Three-dimensional technology allowed patient planning and a reconstruction that was as exact as possible. A made-to-measure polymethyl methacrylate prosthesis was used to correct the defect in the zygomatic arch. The temporal fossa was covered with a standard porous polyethylene prosthesis.

Conclusions:

Satisfactory esthetic and functional results were achieved using three-dimensional digital technology for treatment planning and to fabricate a made-to-measure polyethylene prosthesis and surgical guide.
Mechanisms of Thrombocytopenia During Septic Shock: A Multiplex Cluster Analysis of Endogenous Sepsis Mediators
Authors: Bedet Alexandre , Razazi Keyvan , Boissier Florence , Surenaud Mathieu , Hue Sophie , Giraudier Stéphane , Brun-Buisson Christian , Mekontso Dessap Armand
Published: October 2017

Background:

Thrombocytopenia is a common feature of sepsis and may involve various mechanisms often related to the inflammatory response. This study aimed at evaluating factors associated with thrombocytopenia during human septic shock. In particular, we used a multiplex analysis to assess the role of endogenous sepsis mediators.

Methods:

Prospective, observational study. Thrombocytopenia was defined as an absolute platelet count <100 G/L or a 50% relative decrease in platelet count during the first week of septic shock. Plasma concentrations of 27 endogenous mediators involved in sepsis and platelet pathophysiology were assessed at day-1 using a multi-analyte Milliplex human cytokine kit. Patients with underlying diseases at risk of thrombocytopenia (hematological malignancies, chemotherapy, cirrhosis, and chronic heart failure) were excluded.

Results:

Thrombocytopenia occurred in 33 (55%) of 60 patients assessed. Patients with thrombocytopenia were more prone to present with extrapulmonary infections and bacteremia. Disseminated intravascular coagulation was frequent (81%) in these patients. Unbiased hierarchical clustering identified five different clusters of sepsis mediators, including one with markers of platelet activation (e.g., thrombospondin-1) positively associated with platelet count, one with markers of inflammation (e.g., tumor necrosis factor alpha and heat shock protein 70), and endothelial dysfunction (e.g., intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) negatively associated with platelet count, and another involving growth factors of thrombopoiesis (e.g., thrombopoietin), also negatively associated with platelet count. Surrogates of hemodilution (e.g., hypoprotidemia and higher fluid balance) were also associated with thrombocytopenia.

Conclusion:

Multiple mechanisms seemed involved in thrombocytopenia during septic shock, including endothelial dysfunction/coagulopathy, hemodilution, and altered thrombopoiesis.
A helicase-containing module defines a family of pCD630-like plasmids inClostridium difficile
Authors: Smits Wiep Klaas , Weese J. Scott , Roberts Adam P. , Harmanus Céline , Hornung Bastian
Published: October 2017

Clostridium difficileis a Gram-positive and sporulating enteropathogen that is a major cause of healthcare-associated infections. Even though a large number of genomes of this species have been sequenced, only a few plasmids have been described in the literature. Here, we use a combination ofin silicoanalyses and laboratory experiments to show that plasmids are common inC. difficile. We focus on a group of plasmids that share similarity with the plasmid pCD630, from the reference strain 630. The family of pCD630-like plasmids is defined by the presence of a conserved putative helicase that is likely part of the plasmid replicon. This replicon is compatible with at least some otherC. difficilereplicons, as strains can carry pCD630-like plasmids in addition to other plasmids. We find two distinct sub-groups of pCD630-like plasmids that differ in size and accessory modules. This study is the first to describe a family of plasmids inC. difficile.