bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High detection rate of viral pathogens in nasal discharge in children aged 0 till 5 years
Authors: Fourie Elandri , Sijm Yara E. E. , Badoux Paul , Mérelle Marieke E. , Haverkort Mildred E. , Euser Sjoerd M. , van Houten Marlies A.
Published: December 2022

Respiratory tract infections (RTI) in children remain a cause of disease burden worldwide. Nasopharyngeal (NP) & oropharyngeal (OP) swabs are used for respiratory pathogen detection, but hold disadvantages particularly for children, highlighting the importance and preference for a child friendly detection method. We aimed to evaluate the performance and tolerability of a rhinorrhea swab (RS) in detecting viral pathogens when compared to a combined OP(/NP) or mid‐turbinate (MT) nasal swab. This study was conducted between September 2021 and July 2022 in the Netherlands. Children aged 0−5 years, with an upper RTI and nasal discharge, were included and received a combined swab and a RS. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 PCR were used for viral pathogen detection. Tolerability was evaluated with a questionnaire and visual analog scale (VAS) scores. During 11 months 88 children were included, with a median age of 1.00 year [interquartile range 0.00−3.00]. In total 122 viral pathogens were detected in 81 children (92%). Sensitivity and specificity of the RS compared to a combined swab were respectively 97% (95% confidence interval [CI] 91%−100%) and 78% (95% CI 45%−94%). Rhinorrhea samples detected more pathogens than the (combined) nasal samples, 112 versus 108 respectively. Median VAS scores were significantly lower for the RS in both children (2 vs. 6) and their parents (0 vs. 5). A RS can therefore just as effectively/reliably detect viral pathogens as the combined swab in young children and is better tolerated by both children and their parents/caregivers.
A sampling strategy for habitat selection, mapping, and abundance estimation of deer by pellet counts
Authors: Franceschi Sara , Bongi Paolo , Del Frate Marco , Fattorini Lorenzo , Apollonio Marco
Published: December 2022

We propose a design‐based strategy to exploit pellet group counts performed within plots of a prefixed size using the clearance count technique with the purposes of analyzing habitat selection, mapping the pellet group presence throughout the study area, and estimating the abundance of deer populations. As is customary in design‐based inference, the strategy is free of model assumptions, and the precision and statistical consistency of the proposed estimators are determined by the probabilistic sampling scheme adopted to locate plots. The unique necessary assumptions are the absence of migratory movements during the survey period, the accurate recording of the number of pellet groups deposited within sample plots between the 2 visits, and a precise approximation of the daily defecation rate of the population. In addition to these assumptions, which can be attained by a suitable design of the survey, the statistical soundness of the strategy rests on the use of tessellation stratified sampling, a stratified sampling scheme that ensures an even distribution of plots throughout the study area. The scheme also allows for the estimation of the standard errors and the construction of confidence intervals without involving any other assumptions. We applied this strategy in summer 2019 in a protected area of a Mediterranean coastal region to estimate the density of a fallow deer (Dama dama) population. We estimated the corresponding standard error considering the uncertainty entailed by the estimation of the daily defecation rate, with the purpose of performing reliable monitoring. The proposed strategy provided precise estimates of deer abundance and is readily implementable in the field, standardized, and easily repeatable over time, thus allowing reliable monitoring and comparisons across time and space, which are fundamental attributes for management of deer populations.
Long distance spruce grouse translocations as an effective means of population recovery in New York
Authors: Ross Angelena M. , Langen Tom A. , Johnson Glenn
Published: December 2022

Species translocations can be an effective tool for population recovery. The spruce grouse (Falcipennis canadensis) is rare at the southeastern extent of its range. In New York, USA, it is endangered, having a geographic range that has decreased more than 70% since 1977 and a remaining population with relatively low genetic diversity. We explored the efficacy of a translocation program by releasing 144 female, 19 male, and 291 young‐of‐year wild‐caught spruce grouse from Canada and Maine, USA, into occupied lowland boreal forest patches in New York from 2013–2019. We radio‐monitored 121 translocated and 93 resident (i.e., New York‐origin) adult grouse and evaluated movements, home range sizes, productivity, and survivorship of both groups. Translocated grouse generally moved nondirectionally across the landscape after release, remaining in the same boreal forest patch or an adjacent patch. Translocated grouse home ranges were stable but were double the area of resident grouse. Clutch and brood sizes of females the season following translocation were similar to resident grouse. Minimizing stress from handling and housing was of paramount importance for successful translocation; grouse held captive in enclosures with natural vegetation for ≤5 days had double the mean annual survivorship of captive grouse held for 6–10 days. One group held captive for 15 days had annual survivorship that approached zero. Translocated grouse that were handled the shortest duration had 72% of the mean annual survivorship of resident grouse. Similarity of life‐history parameters among groups suggests that translocations of wild‐caught galliforms into shrinking populations at range margins may be an effective means of augmenting population numbers and could be a useful tool for reversing declines and promoting population recovery. Long‐term success of spruce grouse translocations with a goal of population recovery in New York may hinge on survivorship meeting target estimates defined in population viability analyses or by the adjustment of target translocation numbers to compensate.
Structural‐Based Stability Enhancement of Antisense DNA Oligonucleotides
Authors: Zeng Jie , Fang Liang , Jiang Tingting , Liu Mingchun , Li Wei , Mao Chengde , Lou Shifeng , Zuo Hua
Published: December 2022

Antisense DNA oligonucleotide (AS) technology is a promising approach to regulate gene expression and cellular processes. For example, ASs can be used to capture the overexpressed, oncogenic miRNAs in tumors to suppress tumor growth. Among many challenges faced by AS approach is the degradation of ASs by nucleases under physiological conditions. Elongating the AS lifespan can substantially enhance the functions of AS. The paper reports a simple strategy to increase the stability of ASs. The authors discover that the ASs degrade quickly if their ends are in unpaired, single‐stranded form, but much slower if their ends are in paired duplex form. It is conceivable to integrate this strategy with other strategies (such as chemical modification of ASs backbones) to maximally increase the ASs stabilities.
Simultaneous determination of the time‐dependent potential and force terms in a fourth‐order Rayleigh–Love equation
Authors: Huntul M. J. , Tekin Ibrahim
Published: December 2022

This paper considers an inverse coefficient problem of simultaneous determination of solely time‐dependent potential and force terms with the unknown longitudinal displacement from a Rayleigh–Love equation from two integral overdetermination measurements. Unique solvability of this theorem is investigated theoretically by using contraction principle. Although, the aforesaid inverse identification problem is ill‐posed but has a unique solution. We use the cubic B‐spline (CBS) collocation and Tikhonov regularization techniques to discretize the direct problem and to obtain stable as well as accurate solutions, respectively. The stability, for the discretized system of the direct problem, is also carried out by means of the von Neumann method. The acquired results demonstrate that accurate as well as stable solutions for the
and
are accessed for
, when
for both smooth and discontinuous potential and force terms. The stability analysis shows that the discretized system of the direct problem is unconditionally stable. Since the noisy data are introduced, the investigation and analysis model real circumstances where the practical quantities are naturally infested with noise. The technique establishes that accurate, as well as stable, solutions are obtained.
Impact of implementing an evidence‐based definition of enteral nutrition intolerance on nutrition delivery: A prospective, cross‐sectional cohort study
Authors: Liauchonak Siarhei , Hamilton Susan , Franks Jennifer D. , Callif Charles , Akhondi‐Asl Alireza , Ariagno Katelyn , Mehta Nilesh M. , Martinez Enid E.
Published: December 2022

Background

Enteral nutrition (EN) interruptions because of EN intolerance impede nutrient delivery. We aimed to examine whether revising the EN intolerance definition of an algorithm would decrease EN interruptions and improve nutrient delivery in critically ill children.

Methods

We performed a cross‐sectional cohort study including patients who were admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU) for >24 h and received EN. The EN intolerance definition in our nutrition algorithm was modified to include two symptoms of EN intolerance. We compared time to 60% EN adequacy (EN delivered/EN prescribed x 100) and EN interruptions before and after this intervention.

Results

We included 150 eligible patients, 78 and 72 patients in the preimplementation and postimplementation cohorts, respectively. There were no significant differences in demographics and clinical characteristics. The preimplementation and postimplementation cohorts achieved 60% EN adequacy 4 (2–5) days and 3 (2–5) days after ICU admission, respectively (P = 0.59). The preimplementation cohort had a median of 1 (1–2) interruption per patient and the postimplementation cohort 2 (1–3; P = 0.08). The frequency of interruptions because of EN intolerance within the first 8 days of ICU admission was 17 in the preimplementation and 10 in the postimplementation cohorts.

Conclusion

Modifying the EN intolerance definition of a nutrition algorithm did not change the time to 60% EN adequacy or total number of EN interruptions in critically ill children. EN intolerance and interruptions continue to limit nutrient delivery. Research on the best definition for EN intolerance and its effect on nutrition outcomes is needed.
Mania after long‐term treatment with daily 10 mg prednisolone
Authors: Fujii Rintaro , Konishi Yuki , Furusawa Ryutaro , Okamoto Naomichi , Yoshimura Reiji
Published: December 2022

Background

High‐dose corticosteroids may be accompanied by central nervous system side‐effects, including psychiatric disorders. These psychiatric disorders tend to appear relatively early in treatment. We report an unusual case of mania after long‐term administration of a small dose of prednisolone.

Case Presentation

A patient was treated for relapsed Crohn's disease with a small dose of prednisolone (10 mg/day). After 6 months, she became severely manic. There was no family history of psychiatric disorders. The mania was resistant to olanzapine and sodium valproate, but improved with the reduction of the prednisolone dose. Prednisolone was tapered off while confirming with the gastroenterologist that there was no flare‐up of Crohn's disease. She is now off prednisolone and is doing well, with no outbreaks of Crohn's disease or manic episodes.

Conclusion

This case of severe mania after 6 months of low‐dose prednisolone is unusual. Physicians should be aware that even small doses of long‐term prednisolone may cause the emergence of severe mania.
Internal migration in the time of Covid: Who moves out of the inner city of Stockholm and where do they go?
Authors: Vogiazides Louisa , Kawalerowicz Juta
Published: December 2022

After the outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the media abounded with stories of people ‘fleeing city‐centres’ and ‘finding refuge in the countryside’. A recurrent argument is that the shift towards remote work has prompted individuals to reconsider their living situation and envisage the possibility of relocating further away from their workplace. The aim of this study is to examine the patterns of out‐migration from the Stockholm inner city during the COVID‐19 pandemic, as well as the characteristics of out‐migrants. We use Swedish register data to compare the trends for the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic (2020) and the 5 years preceding it (2015–2019). Our study shows that, similar to other large cities across the world, individuals moved out of the inner city of Stockholm to a higher degree in 2020 than during the years preceding the pandemic. The majority of movers relocated to the Stockholm suburbs, which experienced a substantial increase in inflows from the Stockholm inner city. Yet a number of smaller municipalities, including traditional tourist destinations, also received more residents from the Stockholm inner city in 2020. Although it remains to be seen whether the increase in out‐migration from the Stockholm inner city observed in 2020 will be a long‐term trend, the paper discusses the policy implications of inner city out‐migration, from the perspective of both the sending and the receiving locations.
Ultrafine CeNi Nanoparticles on SBA‐15 Coke Suppressing Catalyst for Tar Elimination in Biomass Gasification Processes
Authors: Ojeda Manuel , Golding Jacob L. , Andresen John M.
Published: December 2022

Ultrafine CeNi SBA‐15 supported tar removal catalysts were developed using a combined process of ethylene glycol (EG) assisted ball‐mill dispersion protocol that retained the integrity of the SBA‐15 support. The synergy of ball mill and ethylene‐glycol addition achieved a remarkable high Ni dispersion of nano‐particle size below 3 nm which improved Ni performance on reforming of toluene as a tar model compound formed during biomass gasification. This new protocol enabled the synthesis of ultrafine CeNi supported catalysts leading to an >99 % toluene conversion as model tar compound where the Ce addition virtually removed all coke formation that lead to inhibition of the Ni only catalyst.
A Combined Study on Degradation Mechanism of Reactive Orange 16 through Fenton‐like Process: Experimental Studies and Density Functional Theoretical Findings
Authors: Yildiz Sayiter , Topal Canbaz Gamze , Kaya Savaş , Maslov Mikhail M.
Published: December 2022

In this study, the removal efficiency of Reactive orange 16 (RO16) azo dyes from aqueous solution with different Fenton reactions (Fenton/photo‐Fenton/sono‐Fenton/ sono‐photo‐Fenton) were investigated. For optimum conditions, the effects of variables such as H2O2, Fe2+, reaction time, pH and dye concentration on the oxidation process were investigated. In addition, the interaction between Fenton reagents and the dye molecule was revealed by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Important quantum chemical parameters reflecting the reactivity of the studied dye were calculated. Effective RO16 degradation was achieved by Fenton oxidation at conditions of 100 mg L−1 H2O2, 10 mg L−1 Fe2+, 100 mg L−1 dye concentration, 3 pH and 30 minutes. While the degradation efficiency with Fenton process was 97.77 %, it reached 98.78 %, 98.31 % and 98.22 % when UV−A, UV−B and UV−C lights were applied respectively. In the sono‐Fenton process application, the degradation efficiency was determined as 97.96 %. The degradation of RO16 by sono‐photo‐Fenton was 96.12 %, 96.13 % and 96.83 % under different lamps (UV−A, UV−B and UV−C), respectively. In addition, in the kinetic study, it was determined that each process complies with the zeroth‐order kinetics. To see the nature and power of the interaction between hydroxyl radical and RO16, important quantum chemical parameters of Conceptual Density Functional Theory were calculated and their effects on degradation process were discussed as detailed. Degradation mechanism was highlighted in the light of DFT calculations.
Formation of Arsenic Minerals in Aqueous Media During Electrocoagulation using Iron Electrodes
Authors: Davaasambuu Sarangerel , Chuluunsukh Delgersaikhan , Amarsanaa Altangerel
Published: December 2022

Complex solid residuals can form during the electrocoagulation of arsenic from aqueous media based on the characteristics of the electrochemical system and cooccurring processes, such as adsorption, hydrolysis, chemical precipitation, and flotation. Herein, we study the composition and behaviors of solid residuals produced after electrocoagulation with iron electrodes in various solution media at pH 3, 7 and 10. The instrumental analysis including FTIR, XRD and SEM show that different minerals were formed by electrocoagulation depending on the pH of the solution, and they included scorodite (FeAsO4⋅2H2O), symplesite (Fe3(AsO4)2⋅8H2O), and parasymplesite (Fe3(AsO4)2⋅8H2O) under acidic conditions; scorodite and kaatialaite (Fe(H2AsO4)3⋅5H2O) under neutral conditions; and scorodite, symplesite, parasymplesite, and schneiderhoehnite (FeFe3As5O13) under alkaline conditions. The behaviors of solid residues on distilled water and acidic and alkaline solutions show that adsorption and chemical precipitation occurred simultaneously during the electrocoagulation of arsenic in aqueous media in the different reaction media.
Early and Late‐Stage Functionalization of Cage Systems: Stereochemically Divergent Synthesis of Oxa‐cages via Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Nandan Chaurasia Usha , Ansari Saima
Published: December 2022

Various oxa‐cages involving early or late‐stage functionalization sequence produced stereodivergent targets. A common intermediate has been aimed via two different routes and the stereochemical outcome of these paths are different. Our results are unambiguously established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies of six crystal structures involved in the synthetic sequence.
Obtaining a Refractory Geopolymer Based on Clays and Seashells
Authors: Lennin Sánchez‐Chicas Jorge , Jiménez‐Islas Hugo , Alberto Quintana‐Hernández Pedro , Caudillo‐Ramírez Martin , María Martínez‐González Gloria
Published: December 2022

The synthesis of a refractory geopolymer with excellent thermal and mechanical properties to develop materials that resist temperatures above 1000 °C has become a challenge in recent years. The production of a refractory material involves the combination of clays and alkaline substances, whose formulation produces an improvement in the final properties of the refractory material. In this work, we report a Taguchi L18 design to synthesize a refractory geopolymer that exhibits the highest compressive strength, based on two natural clays from Mexico, seashells, sodium silicate and water. The prepared mixture was molded to form mini bricks, which were cured for 24 hours at room temperature. Subsequently, the bricks were dried for 4 days, and we evaluated the effect of temperature at 40 °C, 60 °C and 80 °C. Subsequently, the samples were subjected to calcination between 900 °C and 1200 °C to determine the resistance to both thermal and mechanical fracture via compression. The highest thermal resistance and compressive strength were obtained with a geopolymer formulated with 7.5 % seashells, 38.2 % Tepozán‐Bauwer clay, 30.0 % Kaolin clay, 20 % commercial sodium silicate and 4.3 % water, which was dried at 40 °C. The compressive strength was 7.28 MPa (74.2 kgf /cm2), and the thermal resistance was up to 1200 °C. In the FTIR analysis of the geopolymers calcined at 1200 °C, the influence of calcium was observed by the bands of the 800–1200 cm−1 region, where there was a greater distribution since the Si−O− bond was added. Ca was found at 950 cm−1. By adding CaCO3 in the form of seashells, the presence of the anorthite mineral phase (CaAl2Si2O8) can be identified, which originates from the degradation of calcium carbonate crystals (calcite, vaterite and aragonite) of the identified seashells using XRD. The synthesized geopolymer has potential use in the refractory and ceramic materials industry.
Boron Trifluoride‐Mediated Synthesis of Oxazole N‐oxides
Authors: Mityanov Vitaly S. , Podrezova Alexandra G. , Kutasevich Anton V. , Pytskii Ivan S. , Khrustalev Victor N.
Published: December 2022

A new synthetic protocol for the preparation of oxazole N‐oxides in the form of stable boron trifluoride complexes has been developed. It is based on the condensation of α‐diketone monooximes with an appropriate aldehyde component in the presence of an equimolar amount of boron trifluoride. The method opens access to a broad scope of derivatives including previously unknown 2‐unsubstituted oxazole N‐oxides. Its abilities were demonstrated via the synthesis of 25 diverse oxazole derivatives in 14–89 % yields.
A Series of Dipeptide Derivatives Containing (S)‐5‐Oxo‐pyrrolidine‐2‐carboxylic acid Conjugates: Design, Solid‐Phase Peptide Synthesis, in vitro Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Tivari Sunil R. , Kokate Siddhant V. , Gayke Manoj S. , Ahmad Iqrar , Patel Harun , Kumar Siva G. , Jadeja Yashwantsinh S.
Published: December 2022

Utilizing the solid phase peptide synthesis protocol, we have designed and prepared a novel dipeptide library containing (S)‐5‐oxopyrrolidine‐2‐carboxylic acid moiety. All the newly synthesized dipeptides were characterized by spectroscopic techniques as well as elemental analysis. Furthermore, the in vitro antimicrobial activities of the synthesized dipeptide conjugates were evaluated. Two Gram‐positive (Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus) and two Gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were utilized to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the screened derivatives. In contrast to the standard drug Ampicillin, the targeted derivatives exhibited good antibacterial activity. Additionally, two fungi (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) were used to evaluate the antifungal activity of the target dipeptides. The targeted derivatives also exhibited good antifungal activity compared to the standard drug Nystatin. In continuous, the molecular docking study of the targeted derivatives was also carried out, which revealed that the dipeptide analogs showed encouraging binding interaction networks with Escherichia coli DNA gyrase B and lanosterol‐14 alpha demethylase resulting in antibacterial and antifungal activities, respectively. Such synthesis, biological evolution, and molecular docking study of peptide derivatives with oxopyrrolidine conjugates open the door for the future development of new therapeutics containing heterocycle and peptide hybrids with potency as antimicrobial agents.
Preparation of Nx−Fe/Fe3C/KVO3 composites by heat treatment for high‐performance electrocatalytic oxygen evolution
Authors: Xing Junjie , Wang Xiaohan , Zhang Yu , Fu Xiuli
Published: December 2022

Cementite (Fe3C) as a special iron‐carbon alloy has excellent electrical conductivity, while its electron‐rich iron‐carbon bonds provide potential electrocatalytic oxygen evolution performance. In this work, novel Nx−Fe/Fe3C/KVO3 composites were obtained by simple heat treatment using K−V−Fe Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) nanocubes as precursors. The residual nitrogen after heat treatment using Prussian blue can introduce new C−N active sites, which can further improve the OER performance of these composites. The KVO3 can also synergize with Nx−Fe/Fe3C, thus requiring an overpotential of 359.9 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA ⋅ cm−2 at a sweep rate of 2 mV ⋅ s−1. Moreover, the Tafel slope of these electrocatalysts is only 32.9 mV ⋅ dec−1, indicating its high‐speed OER reaction kinetic process. This work provides a new idea for constructing Fe3C composite with other materials and will promote the development of non‐noble metal electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution.
Potential Heterogeneous Catalysts from Three Biogenic Residues toward Sustainable Biodiesel Production: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Tunji Oloyede Christopher , Olatayo Jekayinfa Simeon , Olanrewaju Alade Abass , Ogunkunle Oyetola , Timothy Laseinde Opeyeolu , Oyejide Adebayo Ademola , Veza Ibham , Rizwanul Fattah Islam Md.
Published: December 2022

The cost and difficulty in the preparation of synthetic heterogeneous base catalysts is the main barrier to their use. Today, the majority of these catalysts are derived from biomass resources. This study aimed at developing and characterizing these catalysts from three biogenic residues for biodiesel production without catalyst support. The EDS indicated the variation of Na, K, Mg, and Ca, having aggregates of 67.45, 83.15, and 76.85 % in calcined‐ periwinkle shell‐ash (CPWSA), ‐melon seed‐husk ash (CMSHA) and ‐locust bean pod ash (CLBPA), respectively. XRD revealed the presence of sodium oxide (Na2O), calcium oxide (CaO), potassium oxide (K2O), and magnesium oxide (MgO) in the catalysts at 800 °C. The FTIR showed the presence of C=O, C−H, and O−H bonds in the catalyst samples. The basicity values of CPWSA, CMSHA, and CLBPA are 11.65, 10.41, and 11.62, respectively. The developed catalysts were used to synthesize biodiesel from palm kernel oil.
Thickness‐Independent Capacitive Performance of Holey Ti3C2Tx Film Prepared through a Mild Oxidation Strategy
Authors: Guo Rui , Yuan Peng , Han Xiying , He Xuexia , Lu Jiangbo , Li Qi , Dang Liqin , Sun Jie , Liu Zonghuai , Lei Zhibin
Published: December 2022

The Ti3C2Tx film with metallic conductivity and high pseudo‐capacitance holds profound promise in flexible high‐rate supercapacitors. However, the restacking of Ti3C2Tx sheets hinders ion access to thick film electrodes. Herein, a mild yet green route has been developed to partially oxidize Ti3C2Tx to TiO2/Ti3C2Tx by introducing O2 molecules during refluxing the Ti3C2Tx suspension. The subsequent etching away of these TiO2 nanoparticles by HF leaves behind numerous in‐plane nanopores on the Ti3C2Tx sheets. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows that longer oxidation time of 40 min yields holey Ti3C2Tx (H‐Ti3C2Tx) with a much shorter relax time constant of 0.85 s at electrode thickness of 25 µm, which is 89 times smaller than that of the pristineTi3C2Tx film (75.58 s). Meanwhile, H‐Ti3C2Tx film with 25 min oxidation exhibits less‐dependent capacitive performance in film thickness range of 10–84 µm (1.63–6.41 mg cm−2) and maintains around 60% capacitance as the current density increases from 1 to 50 A g−1. The findings clearly demonstrate that in‐plane nanopores not only provide more electrochemically active sites, but also offer numerous pathways for rapid ion impregnation across the thick Ti3C2Tx film. The method reported herein would pave way for fabricating porous MXene materials toward high‐rate flexible supercapacitor applications.
Self‐Propulsion Mode Switching of a Briggs–Rauscher Droplet
Authors: Kuze Masakazu , Kubodera Yujin , Hashishita Hiromi , Matsuo Muneyuki , Nishimori Hiraku , Nakata Satoshi
Published: December 2022

Autocatalysis induces nonlinearity in chemical and/or biological systems, and is important for understanding the emergence of life in nature. To enhance the autonomy of self‐propulsion in an open system, we introduced a Briggs–Rauscher (BR) reaction into self‐propelled droplet systems. In this study, a droplet composed of a BR solution in an oil phase containing a monoolein surfactant exhibited various types of motion, that is, continuous, oscillatory, and no motions of the droplet. The motions observed depended on the concentrations of potassium iodate and hydrogen peroxide in the BR solution. These results indicated that the driving force in this system was generated by the reaction between monoolein and one of the intermediates of the BR reaction, iodine. Our system can contribute to the establishment of a novel biomimetic object in which the autocatalytic process acts as a key factor for inducing various types of motion.
Comparative efficacy and safety of restrictive versus liberal transfusion thresholds in anemic preterm infants: a meta-analysis of 12 randomized controlled trials
Authors: Fu Xiaoling , Zhao Xingdan , Weng Aihan , Zhang Qian
Published: December 2022

The comparative efficacy and safety of restrictive with liberal transfusion thresholds remain controversial in anemic preterm infants. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of these two transfusion thresholds for anemic preterm infants. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing restrictive with liberal transfusion thresholds in anemic preterm infants through April 30, 2022. Two independent investigators screened literature, extracted data, and appraised the methodological quality of eligible studies. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan version 5.3.5. Twelve RCTs with 4380 preterm infants were included. Liberal transfusion threshold significantly increased the level of hemoglobin after transfusion (mean difference (MD): −10.03; 95% confidence interval (CI): −15.98 to −4.08; p=0.001; I2=94%) and hematocrit (MD: −3.62; 95%CI: −6.78 to −0.46; p=0.02; I2=80%) compared with restrictive transfusion. Infants’ age at first transfusion in restrictive transfusion group was higher than that of infants in liberal transfusion group (MD: 5.08; 95%CI: 2.27 to7.89; p=0.004; I2=54%); however, restrictive transfusion was associated with more time on supplemental oxygen (MD: 3.56; 95%CI: 1.93 to 5.18; p<0.001; I2=62%) and ventilator or CPAP (MD: 3.31; 95%CI: 1.42 to 5.20; p=0.006; I2=75%). For the remaining outcomes, two transfusion strategies were comparable. Furthermore, a series of sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the level of hemoglobin after transfusion, age at first transfusion, time on ventilator or CPAP, and safety outcomes. Evidence with substantial heterogeneity indicates that liberal and restrictive transfusion thresholds are effective and safe blood cell transfusion strategies in anemic preterm infants, but the liberal strategy may be more effective in shortening the length of necessary respiratory support.
The impact of the parameters of the constitutive model on the distribution of strain in the femoral head
Authors: Wronski Sebastian , Wit Adrian , Tarasiuk Jacek , Lipinski Pawel
Published: December 2022

The rapid spread of the finite element method has caused that it has become, among other methods, the standard tool for pre-clinical estimates of bone properties. This paper presents an application of this method for the calculation and prediction of strain and stress fields in the femoral head. The aim of the work is to study the influence of the considered anisotropy and heterogeneity of the modeled bone on the mechanical fields during a typical gait cycle. Three material models were tested with different properties of porous bone carried out in literature: a homogeneous isotropic model, a heterogeneous isotropic model, and a heterogeneous anisotropic model. In three cases studied, the elastic properties of the bone were determined basing on the Zysset-Curnier approach. The tensor of elastic constants defining the local properties of porous bone is correlated with a local porosity and a second order fabric tensor describing the bone microstructure. In the calculations, a model of the femoral head generated from high-resolution tomographic scans was used. Experimental data were drawn from publicly available database “Osteoporotic Virtual Physiological Human Project.” To realistically reflect the load on the femoral head, main muscles were considered, and their contraction forces were determined based on inverse kinematics. For this purpose, the results from OpenSim packet were used. The simulations demonstrated that differences between the results predicted by these material models are significant. Only the anisotropic model allowed for the plausible distribution of stresses along the main trabecular groups. The outcomes also showed that the precise evaluation of the mechanical fields is critical in the context of bone tissue remodeling under mechanical stimulations.
The latence of the European colonial past
Authors: Patel Kiran Klaus
Published: December 2022

The history of European integration, even if yet a rather minor sub-field, has seen a good deal of developments in the last two decades. New scholars have joined the field and new topics of research have been considered. Megan Brown’s The Seventh Member State is an impressive contribution to the literature. The book does not only demonstrate that a main goal of the European Economic Community was to rescue the imperial nation-state, but illustrates the point by means of considering the complex relationship between France and Algeria, also marked by Algeria becoming part of the territory of the European Economic Community. As Brown shows, this had lasting effects, especially after Algeria’s independence. Doubts, however, can be raised regarding the extent to which the title of the book is not a trifle exaggerated. Not least because Algeria was never offered the status of member state, but remained subordinated to France. If its territory was part of the EEC, it was indeed as a result of the peculiar status assigned to Algeria under French law. In addition, it could be argued that the conclusions of the book would have been strengthened if a wider set of archives and literature would have been consulted (Dutch and German, and above all Algerian literature).
The latence of the European colonial past: a reply by the author
Authors: Brown Megan
Published: December 2022

In The Seventh Member State, I show that imperial concerns were central to the original shape of the European Communities, in particular French anxieties about Algeria. The latter had been imagined by several generations of French as an extension of the metropole across the Mediterranean, while at the same time a majority of the population was not granted citizenship rights. While in 1951 France opted for the exclusion of Algeria from the territory of the Coal and Steel Community, in 1957 the strategy followed was the opposite, and Algeria was made part of the EEC, not least because this seemed to reinforce French claim that the territory was part of France and, perhaps above all, it rendered possible to obtain the financial support of the other five founding states for costly Algerian development projects. Labelling Algeria a seventh member state, as is done in the title of the book, calls the attention of the reader not only to the sweeping expanse of postwar European institutions, which lasted even after states such as Algeria gained independence, but also to the contestable and contested conception of Member State. Mainly intended as a piece in French history, the book illuminates the extent to which Europe was the main vehicle of the rescue of the imperial nation-state, and how white supremacy and colonial rule were maintained through a peculiar combination of the rule of law and states of emergency.
Mechanism, External Purposiveness, and Object Individuation: from Mechanism to Teleology in Hegel's Science of Logic
Authors: Koch Karen
Published: December 2022

This article is an investigation into Hegel's claim that teleology is the truth of mechanism, which Hegel puts forward in the objectivity section in the Science of Logic. Contrary to most accounts of this section of the Logic, I make a case for a reading of Hegel's conception of external purposiveness according to which the latter makes a positive contribution to the structural development of the concepts of the Logic. I argue that external purposiveness plays a major role in understanding the Hegelian claim of teleology as the truth of mechanism. More specifically, I argue that structures of external purposiveness provide the conditions for the individuation of mechanical objects.
Milk–cereal mix supplementation during infancy and impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes at 12 and 24 months of age: a randomised controlled trial in India
Authors: Upadhyay Ravi Prakash , Taneja Sunita , Strand Tor Arne , Hysing Mari , Koshy Beena , Bhandari Nita , Bahl Rajiv
Published: December 2022

Inadequate protein intake and lack of micronutrients may affect neurodevelopment in infants. This randomised controlled trial was conducted to measure the effect of two milk–cereal mixes with modest and high amounts of protein and enriched with multiple micronutrients, given between 6 and 12 months, on cognitive, language, motor and behavioural scores at 12 and 24 months of age, compared with no-supplementation. The two supplements were also compared with each other. The study was conducted in urban Delhi, India, and the infants were randomised in a 1:1:1 ratio to the three study groups. At 12 and 24 months of age, 1134 and 1214 children were available, respectively. At 12 months of age, compared with no-supplement group, an increase in the motor scores (mean difference, MD 1·52, 95 % CI: 0·28, 2·75) and a decrease in the infant temperament scores (MD − 2·76, 95 % CI: −4·23, −1·29) in the modest-protein group was observed. Those in the high-protein group had lower socio-emotional scores (MD − 1·40, 95 % CI: −2·43, −0·37) and higher scores on Infant Temperament Scale (MD 2·05, 95 % CI: 0·62, 3·48) when compared with modest-protein group. At 24 months, no significant differences in any of the neurodevelopment scores between the three study groups was found. In conclusion, supplementation with modest amount of protein and multiple micronutrients may lead to short-term small improvements in motor function and infant temperament. There appears no advantage of supplementing with high protein, rather negative effects on infant behaviour were observed
Sublethal effects of growth-regulating insecticides of synthetic and botanical origins on the biological parameters ofSpodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Martins Liliane N. , Geisler Fernanda C. S. , Rakes Matheus , Araújo Mikael B. , Amandio Dylan T. T. , da Rosa Ana Paula S. A. , Ribeiro Leandro P. , Bernardi Daniel
Published: December 2022

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of growth-regulating insecticides of synthetic (e.g., Certero 480 SC, Intrepid 240 SC, Match EC and Mimic 240 SC) and botanical origins (e.g., Azamax 1.2 EC, Agroneem 850 EC, Azact 2.4 EC and Fitoneem 850 EC) on the biological parameters and fertility life table ofSpodoptera frugiperda(J.E. Smith) under laboratory conditions. Larvae were fed insecticides that were incorporated into artificial diets. To develop the fertility life table, the following biological parameters were evaluated: survival at 7 days after infestation (d.a.i) and survivorship at adult eclosion, duration of the neonate-to-adult eclosion period, larval and pupal weights and total fecundity (number of total eggs per female). The results indicated thatS. frugiperdaneonates surviving LC25or LC50concentrations of the evaluated insecticides showed longer larval and egg-to-adult periods, lower larval and pupal weights and reduced fecundity, when compared to the control treatment. Larvae exposed to Azamax at LC25or LC50concentrations showed the greatest increase in generation duration (75 d). In addition,S. frugiperdaadults emerged from pupae when larvae reared on an artificial diet containing growth regulating insecticides of synthetic and botanical origins produced fewer females per female per generation (Ro). As well as, lower rates of natural population increase per day (rm) compared to insects fed the control diet. Our findings indicated that, neem-derived products and growth-regulating insecticides of synthetic origin may be employed within integrated management strategies that aim to keep populations ofS. frugiperdabelow levels that cause economic damage. Similarly, they offer alternatives for insecticide resistance management programs.
Do primary and secondary host plants affect aphid- parasitoid interactions in fruit orchards?
Authors: Kök Şahin , Tomanović Željko , Karabacak Ersin , Kasap İsmail
Published: December 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate how the primary (PHP) and secondary host plants (SHP) in the fruit orchards affect the interactions of aphids and their parasitoids in northwest Turkey during spring and summer 2020 and 2021. In total, 67 tritrophic aphid–parasitoid-host plant interactions, including new association records for Europe and Turkey, were obtained from 16 parasitoid species from the subfamily Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) reared from 25 aphid species (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on 22 PHP and SHP in the fruit orchards. Also, we evaluated the effect of the PHP and SHP on the parasitoids, aphids and their interactions. We revealed that the species richness and the values of the biodiversity indices of the parasitoids and aphids were significantly higher on the SHP than the PHP. Similarly, the aphid–parasitoid interactions on the SHP showed greater diversity than the PHP. The results of this study clearly show that the interactions of parasitoids and aphids in the fruit orchards were more diverse on the SHP compared to the PHP.
Building Ideas out of Wood. What Ancient Egyptian Funerary ‘Models’ Tell Us about Thought and Communication
Authors: Di Biase-Dyson Camilla
Published: December 2022

This paper unpacks the cognitive processes potentially involved in comprehending funerary ‘models’ from ancient Egypt. These objects comprise small scenes, usually made of wood, which have been found in burial chambers of pharaonic-era tombs. After considering the fittingness of the term ‘model’, the paper illustrates how a cognitive approach might better help us understand the purported functionality of these objects than has hitherto been the case. This approach, grounded in distributed cognition, draws on semiotics, figurative thought and communication theory and considers the priorities of both the theoretical sender and the theoretical receiver. The perspective of the sender comprises what could actually be built, given the confines of material, size, space and budget. The perspective of the receiver is tied to the factors that guarantee intelligibility, such as cultural primaries, medial awareness and aesthetic priming. It is argued that many of the cognitive processes driving comprehension may be based on transfer processes transcending culture and aesthetics, such as metonymy and metaphor, which occur both in the linguistic and the visual modality. In this way, we can ground discussions of model production and use in more fine-grained theoretical and methodological frameworks and achieve new insights into the communicative power of these objects.
Friends Know Us Even When They Are Different From Us
Authors: Körner Robert , Schütz Astrid
Published: December 2022

Abstract: Friendships pervade people’s social lives across their lifespans. But how accurately can friends perceive each other’s personalities? Person perceptions are typically a mixture of fact and fiction, but as friends share a lot of information, they should be able to form relatively accurate assessments. We referred to the truth and bias model of judgment to study accuracy in friendship dyads ( N = 190). Participants completed self- and peer-rating versions of the Big Five Inventory-10. Actor-partner interdependence models were used to decompose truth and bias forces: Friends achieved significant perceptual accuracy on each Big Five trait. Friends were actually rather similar in conscientiousness and also assumed they were similar to each other in this trait. For agreeableness, there was no actual but there was assumed similarity. There was neither actual nor assumed similarity for openness, extraversion, or neuroticism. Moreover, there was a considerable directional bias for all traits: Friends’ peer-ratings were positively biased: They assessed their friends as being more open, and conscientious, et cetera, than the friends did themselves. This research adds to the similarity-dissimilarity debate in social and personality psychology and the social perception literature in employing a sophisticated assessment of accuracy.
Visuospatial and Affective Perspective-Taking
Authors: Erle Thorsten M. , Funk Friederike
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Perspective-taking is the ability to intuit another person’s mental state. Historically, cognitive and affective perspective-taking are distinguished from visuospatial perspective-taking because the content these processes operate on is too dissimilar. However, all three share functional similarities. Following recent research showing relations between cognitive and visuospatial perspective-taking, this article explores links between visuospatial and affective perspective-taking. Data of three preregistered experiments suggest that visuospatial perspective-taking does not improve emotion recognition speed and only slightly increases emotion recognition accuracy (Experiment 1), yet visuospatial perspective-taking increases the perceived intensity of emotional expressions (Experiment 2), as well as the emotional contagiousness of negative emotions (Experiment 3). The implications of these findings for content-based, cognitive, and functional taxonomies of perspective-taking and related processes are discussed.
Drivers and Reversibility of Abrupt Ocean State Transitions in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Caillet Justine , Jourdain Nicolas C. , Mathiot Pierre , Hellmer Hartmut H. , Mouginot Jérémie
Published: December 2022

Ocean warming around Antarctica has the potential to trigger marine ice‐sheet instabilities. It has been suggested that abrupt and irreversible cold‐to‐warm ocean tipping points may exist, with possible domino effect from ocean to ice‐sheet tipping points. A 1/4° ocean model configuration of the Amundsen Sea sector is used to investigate the existence of ocean tipping points, their drivers, and their potential impact on ice‐shelf basal melting. We apply idealized atmospheric perturbations of either heat, freshwater, or momentum fluxes, and we characterize the key physical processes at play in warm‐to‐cold and cold‐to‐warm climate transitions. Relatively weak perturbations of any of these fluxes are able to switch the Amundsen Sea to an intermittent or permanent cold state, that is, with ocean temperatures close to the surface freezing point and very low ice‐shelf melt rate. The transitions are reversible, that is, canceling the atmospheric perturbation brings the ocean system back to its unperturbed state within a few decades. All the transitions are primarily driven by changes in surface buoyancy fluxes resulting from the freshwater flux perturbation or from modified net sea‐ice production due to either heat flux or sea‐ice advection anomalies. These changes affect the vertical ocean stratification over the continental shelf and thereby the eastward undercurrent at the shelf break, which both impact ice‐shelf melting. As sea‐ice induced deep convection is already quite limited in present‐day conditions, surface buoyancy gain in a warmer climate has relatively little effect on deep ocean properties compared to colder climate conditions.