bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pattern of pulmonary function tests in subjects recovered from COVID 19 infection
Authors: K S Chaithanya , Basti Anahita R Shenoy , Prabhu Srilakshmi M
Published: May 2024

Introduction and Aim: The pulmonary sequelae of COVID-19 have not been extensively studied in the Indian population. This study was taken up with the aim to assess the pulmonary function tests (PFT) in subjects recovered from COVID-19. Material and Methods: In this observational cross-sectional study PFT was assessed in 50 adults in the age group of 18-60years. Rapid Antigen Testing was performed to rule out active COVID-19 infection. Subjects with acute or chronic respiratory illnesses that could affect lung functions were excluded. Results: We performed PFT on 50 subjects, with a mean age and BMI of 36.09 years and 25.17 kg/m2. Fatigue and/or breathlessness were the most common complaints present post-recovery. A normal PFT was found in 22 participants and 28 showed a restrictive pattern. Based on the severity of the disease they had experienced the study population was classified into three groups mild, moderate or severe COVID. The three groups were found to be comparable in their demographic parameters, the PFT parameters were significantly different between the groups with significantly lower values seen in subjects who recovered from severe COVID. Conclusions: Restrictive pattern on PFT was the common abnormality found in patients recovered from COVID-19. This finding emphasises the need for long-term follow-up and establishment of a plan of assessment and management in patients recovered from COVID-19.
Assessment of teaching learning methods under CBME among second year medical students
Authors: Naidu C. Dinesh M , Hmar Vanlalhruaii , Chhakchhuak Lalromawii , Zosangpuii Christina
Published: May 2024

Background: Medical institutions are progressively transforming their medical curriculum from a traditional approach to Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME), which is a student-centered curricular activity. Self-assessment of the teaching methods by the students is an important tool to ensure the best possible academic environment for the students. The main aim of the study was to assess the teaching learning methods under CBME among 2nd-year medical students based on student’s feedback, in the Dept of Pharmacology. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire distributed to the 2nd year MBBS students who met the inclusion criteria. Data was analysed and expressed as percentages. Results: A total of 95 students met the inclusion criteria and all responded to the questionnaire. Majority responded positively towards the current teaching-learning methods. Small group discussion (SGD) seemed to be the preferred teaching learning method garnering a total of 67% vote. Most of the students mentioned their preference of learning in small groups but found the adult learning principles like Self Directed learning (SDL) to be less useful. Conclusion: Majority responded positively towards the current methods. It was evident from the study that facilitators need to focus on inclusivity in SGD. Incorporation of teaching learning methods suggested by the students would be an ideal tool to ensure the best academic environment for the students. Implementation of more problem based & critical thinking centric methods may encourage students to utilize the adult learning principles like SDL etc.
Effect of Total Hemoglobin on Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: LE Vidya , Misquith Anitha , Rangareddy Harish , Maria Lia , Stankovic Jelena , Srinivasaiah Ashakiran
Published: May 2024

Background: Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a pivotal marker in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic monitoring of diabetes mellitus. Given the involvement of hemoglobin in non-enzymatic glycation reactions, it is hypothesized that total hemoglobin concentration might impact HbA1c levels alongside blood glucose concentrations. Objectives: This study aimed to estimate and compare plasma fasting glucose level and total hemoglobin level in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with and without anemia. The study also aimed to estimate HbA1C and compare with calculated HbA1C using formula in T2DM patients with and without anemia and to correlate between total hemoglobin levels with directly measured HbA1c in T2DM patients with and without anemia. Methodology: This cross-sectional study, employing purposive sampling, investigated 30 anemic and 30 non-anemic Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients at the Central Diagnostic Laboratory. Total Hemoglobin, HbA1C, and Fasting Plasma Glucose were measured for the patients and the data was analyzed. Results: Independent 't' tests revealed significant differences (p < 0.0001) in estimated HbA1c, fasting blood sugar, calculated HbA1c, and Hb levels between the two groups. Subgroup analyses exhibited significant differences in estimated HbA1c for both groups individually (p = 0.003 for T2DM without anemia and p<0.0001 for T2DM with anemia). Pearson's correlation analysis indicated no significant correlation between HbA1c and hemoglobin in either subgroup. Similarly linear regression analysis treating HbA1c as the dependent variable yielded a non-significant p-value, suggesting that hemoglobin levels do not significantly influence HbA1c. Conclusion: In conclusion, regardless of anemia status, our findings suggest that hemoglobin is not a significant predictor of HbA1c levels in T2DM patients, offering valuable insights into factors influencing HbA1c variability in diabetic populations.
Assessment of PSR as a Novel Parameter in Perfusion Imaging for CNS Tumor Characterization: An Observational Study
Authors: B Niva , Shanmugam Jeevithan , Varadharajan Shriram , Cannane Seetharaman , KV Umaiban
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as the primary modality for diagnosing and evaluating central nervous system (CNS) tumors, transitioning from structural to functional assessment. Advanced MRI techniques, including MR spectroscopy and perfusion imaging, offer insights into functional, metabolic, and hemodynamic changes in addition to structural abnormalities. The study aims to assess the role of PSR (Post-Contrast Signal Recovery) alongside rCBV (Relative Cerebral Blood Volume) and rPSR (Relative Percentage of Signal Recovery) in differentiating grade IV glioma, solitary brain metastasis, and primary CNS lymphoma. Materials and Methods: An observational study was conducted on 38 patients with lymphoma, metastases, and grade IV glioma, utilizing DSC (Dynamic Susceptibility-Weighted Contrast-Enhanced) perfusion imaging and histopathology reports. Sociodemographic, clinical, and MRI parameters were collected. PSR measurements were obtained from perfusion maps using dedicated software. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 27.0. Results: Among the study population, the mean age was 54.16±12.47, with male predominance (63.2%). Conventional imaging characteristics revealed significant differences, including T2 hypo intensity in lymphoma and FLAIR hyperintensity in all gliomas. Perfusion parameters showed higher rCBV in metastases and grade IV glioma compared to lymphoma, whereas PSR and rPSR were higher in lymphoma. PSR and rPSR effectively differentiated among the tumor types (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our study underscores the critical role of advanced MRI techniques, particularly DSC perfusion imaging, in differentiating between grade IV gliomas, solitary brain metastases, and primary CNS lymphomas. PSR emerges as a valuable parameter alongside rCBV and rPSR, demonstrating potential for accurate tumor characterization.
Review of National Suicide Prevention Strategy and Other Suicide Prevention Initiatives in India
Authors: KJ Akshithanand , Mishra Anshita , Santra Sahadev , Banerjee Bratati
Published: May 2024

India's launch of the National Suicide Prevention Strategy in 2022 underscores the gravity of suicides as a pressing public health issue. Globally, suicides rank as the fourth leading cause of death among individuals aged 15 to 29, with low and middle-income countries bearing the brunt. Within India, suicides increased by 7.2% from 2020 to 2021, with Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu reporting the highest numbers. Despite decades of initiatives, including the National Mental Health Program (NMHP) since 1982, challenges persist in policy implementation, skilled manpower, and political hurdles, impeding desired outcomes. While commendable, the recent National Suicide Prevention Strategy faces limitations in execution. A critical review of government efforts reveals gaps in resource allocation and execution, hindering the impact of mental health programs. Addressing these challenges demands enhanced policy implementation, mental health infrastructure, and resource allocation. Additionally, public awareness and destigmatization are crucial components. In conclusion, India's efforts in suicide prevention reflect progress, yet significant gaps remain. Sustained commitment and innovative strategies are needed to mitigate the escalating burden of suicides. This review underscores the urgency for comprehensive measures to combat rising suicide rates effectively.
Paraquat Toxicity on Substantia Nigra: Pioneering Insights from an Autopsy Based Pilot Study
Authors: T Mohit Kumar Moses , Sarkar Rema Nair , Midde Jacinth Karunya , Boddepalli Devaraj , Miriyala Rakesh , Rupesh Kattamreddy Ananth
Published: May 2024

Paraquat (N,N′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride) is one of the widely used herbicides in Indian agriculture. This compound is at the centre of polemics, involving debates on its effects on sustainable agriculture, potential health risks, and unintended applications. Paraquat (PQ) also gained ill repute globally due to the controversy surrounding its association with Parkinson’s disease [1]. Furthermore, our country witnessed a rise in paraquat-related deaths attributed to its misuse for suicide, prompting a consistent call for proper regulation and a potential ban [2]. Paraquat exerts its toxicity through corrosion and the generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) causing cytotoxic effects that contribute to multiorgan failure. There is no specific antidote for paraquat (PQ) poisoning, and the lethal toxicity of this substance is responsible for a poor prognosis, even with minimal consumption.
Rhomboid Flap Reconstruction for the Treatment of Pilonidal Sinus: A Case Series
Authors: Singh Jashanpreet , Kumar Dhiraj , Syangden Sharad , Kumar Mahesh , Nepram Joe , Brar Kiratpal Singh , Ahmad Ghaiyoor , Kumar Diwakar , Alam Shahnawaz , Niyaz Hibah , Kumar Akash , Bhattacharya Kaushik
Published: May 2024

Pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the soft tissue of the sacrococcygeal region and remains a challenging disease for surgeons to treat. With controversies in management to prevent recurrence leading to economic burden to the patient, these cases require special care by expert surgeons. From Jan 2023 to Nov 2023, 10 patients with pilonidal sinus were treated with complete excision of the tract and reconstruction using a rhomboid flap. The factors evaluated included the duration of surgery, postoperative pain, length of hospital stay, and postoperative complications. The patients were followed up on an outpatient basis, monthly for the first three months. The majority of the patients were young males with a mean age of 28 years. The surgery time was 40 to 75 minutes, and the mean operation time was 55 minutes. The stitches were removed after 2 weeks. Among complications, two patients developed mild discharge with infection. In one patient, necrosis at the tip of the flap was noted. We recommend the Rhomboid flap as a method of choice for surgical management of Pilonidal sinus in a postgraduate medical college as it is easy to teach, learn, and perform and gives complete recovery of the patient with negligible recurrence rate.
Gangrene and Partial Auto-Amputation of the Penis in a Case of Priapism
Authors: Nallabothula Anil Kumar , Thillainathan Naveen Vulia , N C Vignesh , Kosuri Karthik , Kumar K Dheeraj , Malika Sumegha
Published: May 2024

Background: Penile Gangrene is rare, usually associated with extensive pelvic trauma, mechanical constriction, infection due to urinary extravasation and uncontrollable systemic infection. The objective of this case report is to stress upon the need for early detumescence by means of aspiration of accumulated blood, injection of phenylephrine, proper shunting of blood and adequate compression dressing with necessary antibiotic cover. Case Presentation: We present a case of 33-year-old married man who was hospitalized under general surgery department for left AK amputation because of lower limb gangrene. On 3rd postop day, patient was noted to have a turgid penis and unable to urinate. Urology consultation was sought after 3 days for suspected priapism. We immediately shifted the patient to OT and the detumescence of penis was achieved by means of aspiration and injection of phenylephrine followed by Winter’s shunting. The penis was noted to be flaccid with normal hue and patient was discharged. After 1 month, he returned to the hospital with extensive gangrene of the entire distal half of the penis with features of auto amputation of distal portion of penis. Conclusions: This report is aimed to prevent ischaemic complications of priapism like penile gangrene. Various factors like time of intervention, urethral catheter, tight pressure bandage dressing around the penis and local infection alone or in combination, have been implicated in causing penile gangrene in cases of priapism. Penile detumescence should be achieved on an emergency basis to prevent its ischaemic complications.
Laparoscopic Spleen-Preserving Decapsulation of the Splenic Cyst: A Case Report
Authors: N Vijay , M Muvva Sri Harsha , Reddy Prasanna Kumar
Published: May 2024

Worldwide the Incidence of Primary nonparasitic splenic cysts are rare. They were incidentally diagnosed while evaluating other diseases by imaging. We here by present our experience of a case of 23-year-old woman, with a primary nonparasitic splenic cyst. The patient underwent laparoscopic spleen-preserving decapsulation of the splenic cyst. The patient recovered well and had no postoperative complications.
A Late presentation of Gossypiboma presenting as a cutaneous fistula with purulent discharge in an operated case of Lower segment caesarean section
Authors: Potdar Ojas Vijayanand , Shah Akash , Rathi Darshan , Chaudhary Prakhar , Chaubey Ashish
Published: May 2024

Gossypiboma, a retained surgical sponge, is a rare complication following any surgical procedure and is primarily a result of human error. Such patients often have vague clinical presentations and the diagnosis often comes as a surprise and has serious medicolegal implications. We present a case of a 28-year-old female with a long-standing duration of 9 months with purulent discharge from the operated scar site of Lower segment caesarean section done 2 years back and then diagnosed to have a gossypiboma in the ureterovesical space causing structuring of the ipsilateral ureter which was successfully managed by Exploratory laparotomy with removal of the retained gossypiboma and right sided ureteric reimplantation.
Comparing the Effectiveness of Schema-Focused Couple Therapy and Emotion-Focused Couple Therapy on Marital Offense Forgiveness in Couples with Marital Discrepancies
Authors: Seidyousefi Masoume , Mohamadian Fathola , Nademi Arash
Published: May 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of schema-focused couple therapy and emotion-focused couple therapy on marital offense forgiveness in couples with marital discrepancies in Ilam city. Method: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with a control group. The study population comprised 105 couples who sought counseling in Ilam during the second half of the year 2021. From this population, 30 couples were selected using a convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to three groups: emotion-focused intervention (10 couples), schema-focused intervention (10 couples), and a control group (10 couples). The emotion-focused group received Johnson's training package (2012) over 9 sessions, and the schema-focused group received the Young, Klosko, & Weishaar package (2003) also over 9 sessions. The control group did not receive any intervention. The research instrument used was the Marital Offense Forgiveness Scale by Paleari, Regalia, and Fincham (2009). Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. Findings: Schema-focused couple therapy had a significant effect on marital offense forgiveness (F = 5.85, p = .025). Emotion-focused couple therapy also had a significant effect on marital offense forgiveness (F = 5.81, p = .045). These effects were reported to be stable at the follow-up stage. Additionally, there was no significant difference in the effectiveness of schema-focused couple therapy versus emotion-focused couple therapy on marital offense forgiveness. Conclusion: Both schema-focused and emotion-focused couple therapies are effective methods for enhancing marital offense forgiveness in couples with marital discrepancies.
Comparing the Effectiveness of Schema Therapy and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program on Sexual Satisfaction in Married Individuals
Authors: Salari Tahereh , Nasrollahi Bita , Ghorban Jahromi Reza
Published: May 2024

Objective: The present research aimed to compare the effectiveness of schema therapy and a mindfulness-based stress reduction program on sexual satisfaction among married individuals. Method: This quasi-experimental study employed a pretest-posttest design with a one-month follow-up and included a control group. The study population consisted of all married individuals with marital issues who visited the Khodbidari Psychological Center in the first half of 2019, totaling approximately 180 individuals. From this group, 45 individuals were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to three groups of 15. The experimental groups underwent 8 sessions of 90-minute schema therapy by Young et al. (2003) and the mindfulness-based stress reduction program by Kabat-Zinn (2003), while no intervention was performed for the control group. The data collection tool was the Sexual Satisfaction Scale (Larson et al., 1998). The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21 and repeated measures ANOVA. Findings: The results indicated that there was a significant difference in sexual satisfaction scores among the groups (p = 0.001, F = 21.58), and both schema therapy and the mindfulness-based stress reduction program increased sexual satisfaction among married individuals. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the two groups in this regard (p < 0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, both schema therapy and the mindfulness-based stress reduction program can be used to improve sexual satisfaction in married individuals.
Meta-Analysis of Positive Psychotherapy Interventions for Parents of Children with Special Needs in Iran
Authors: Siadati Arani Sayed Hossein , Ashori Mohammad
Published: May 2024

Objective: The purpose of this research was to conduct a meta-analysis of positive psychotherapy interventions for parents of children with special needs in Iran. Method: This study determined the effect size of positive psychotherapy interventions for these parents by synthesizing the results of various studies. The data sources included the National Publication Database, the Academic Jihad Science Information Center, and the Noor Specialized Journals Database. Out of 18 studies, 12 met the inclusion criteria and were selected, utilizing a meta-analysis checklist as the research tool. The study was based on 348 samples and 12 effect sizes. Findings: The meta-analysis revealed that the effect size of positive psychotherapy interventions for parents of children with special needs is d = 1.19 (p = 0.05), which is considered high according to Cohen's scale. The highest effect size was reported by Rezaei Kalantari et al. (2019), with a d = 2.31, titled "Effect of positive psychotherapy on perceived stress and life purposes in mothers of children with autism," and the smallest effect sizes were found in the study by Nili et al. (2019), with d = 0.2 and d = 0.23, titled "Effectiveness of positive training on irrational beliefs and happiness in mothers of deaf children." Conclusion: Overall, the results indicate that positive psychotherapy interventions are effective for parents of children with special needs, and researchers can utilize this program to enhance mental health components.
Effectiveness of Neurofeedback Therapy on Emotional Processing, Irrational Beliefs, and Aggression in Female Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Siadati Arani Sayed Hossein , Khosropour Farshid , Molayi Zarandi Hamid
Published: May 2024

Objective: The present research aimed to examine the effectiveness of neurofeedback therapy on emotional processing, irrational beliefs, and aggression in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Method: This study was a quasi-experimental pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with a control group. The research population comprised all women with generalized anxiety disorder visiting psychiatric treatment centers in Golpayegan in the first half of 2019, from which 30 female patients were purposefully selected based on inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to either the experimental or control groups. The experimental group received eight 30-minute sessions of neurofeedback therapy. Meanwhile, the control group did not receive this intervention during the research process. The questionnaires used in this research included the Spitzer Generalized Anxiety Scale (2006), the Baker Emotional Processing Scale (2007), the Jones Irrational Beliefs Questionnaire (1968), and the Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire (1992). Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance with SPSS-24 software. Findings: The results of the data analysis indicated that neurofeedback therapy significantly affected emotional processing (F=10.89, P<0.001), irrational beliefs (F=10.83, P<0.001), and aggression (F=8.16, P<0.008). Conclusion: Given the confirmed effectiveness of neurofeedback therapy on emotional processing, irrational beliefs, and aggression in patients with generalized anxiety disorder, it is recommended that workshops be organized to familiarize counselors and therapists more thoroughly with the principles and techniques of this treatment in the field of this disorder.
The Effectiveness of an Educational Program Based on the Threats and Opportunities of Remote Work for Dual-Career Couples During the COVID-19 Pandemic on Work-Family Conflict and Its Dimensions
Authors: Saeedtaleshi Leyla , Shafie Abadi Abdollah , Yousefi Emad
Published: May 2024

Objective: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational program based on the threats and opportunities of remote work for dual-career couples during the COVID-19 pandemic on work-family conflict and its dimensions. Method: This was a quantitative, applied research employing a quasi-experimental design, utilizing a pre-test/post-test with a control group. The sample consisted of dual-career couples from Kerman city who sought counseling for various reasons. Collaboration was negotiated with a private counseling center, and agreements were made. Couples scoring above the cutoff on the prepared questionnaires were purposively selected, resulting in 20 couples who were then randomly assigned to either the experimental group (10 couples) or the control group (10 couples). The experimental group underwent the educational program while the control group received no training. The data collection instrument was the work-family conflict questionnaire by Carlson et al. (2000). Data in the quantitative section were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance with the help of SPSS software. Findings: Given that the computed F-value for the effect of groups on work-family conflict and its dimensions was statistically significant at the 5% level (p < .05), it can be concluded that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups after the intervention, and the intervention significantly impacted work-family conflict and its dimensions. The Benferroni post-hoc test indicated that the effects of the educational program based on opportunities and threats of remote work on work-family conflict and its dimensions showed suitable stability during the follow-up phase. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that the educational package derived from the lived experiences of dual-career couples during the quarantine period of the COVID-19 outbreak was effective on the dimensions of work-family conflict among couples, and this effect was also stable in the follow-up phase.
Comparing the Effectiveness of Music Therapy, Dance Movement, and Art Therapy on the Mistrust/Mistreatment Schema in Women with Symptoms of Depression Aged 20-30
Authors: Arabzadeh Zohreh , Aghdasi Ali Naghi , Rostami Hossein , Ahangar Ahad
Published: May 2024

Objective: The present study aimed to compare the impact of music therapy, dance movement, and art therapy on the mistrust/mistreatment schema among women aged 20 to 30 with symptoms of depression visiting counseling centers in Tehran. Method: This research is applied in purpose and quasi-experimental in method, employing a pre-test - post-test design. The population consisted of all women aged 20 to 30 with symptoms of depression who visited four counseling centers in Tehran, among whom 60 eligible individuals were purposively selected and randomly assigned to four groups (three experimental and one control). Interventions based on the therapeutic protocol (music therapy and dance movement, art therapy) were conducted in eight sessions for the experimental groups, while the control group received no intervention. To test the hypotheses, the Young Schema Questionnaire (1988) (short form of 90 questions) was used. Descriptive and inferential statistical indices, including the covariance test, were utilized for data analysis. Findings: The results showed no significant differences in the effectiveness of music therapy, art therapy, and dance therapy on the mistrust/mistreatment schema among women aged 20 to 30 with symptoms of depression visiting counseling centers in Tehran (p = 0.000). Conclusion: It can be concluded that since all three methods of music therapy, art therapy, and dance movement are forms of art therapy, they all affect the mistrust/mistreatment schema, and there is no significant difference in their effectiveness.
Predicting Marital Intimacy Based on Infertility Stigma and Coping Strategies in Infertile Women
Authors: Salehi Moghadam Fatemeh , Nikorad Maliheh , Moharer Sanagouye Gholamreza , Madadi Parsa , Alimardani Soroush
Published: May 2024

Objective: Infertility is not merely a medical condition affecting women but a biopsychosocial health issue that encompasses lower quality of life, psychiatric disorders, and even marital conflicts. The aim of this study was to predict marital intimacy based on infertility stigma and coping strategies in infertile women. Method: This applied research was descriptive-correlational in nature. The population included all infertile women in Tehran in the year 2020. From this group, 250 participants were selected using purposive sampling. The participants were assessed using the Thompson and Walker (1983) Marital Intimacy Scale, Fu’s (2014) Perceived Infertility Stigma Scale, and Folkman and Lazarus’s (1985) Coping Strategies Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 23. Findings: Data analysis revealed that infertility stigma and coping strategies significantly predict marital intimacy in infertile women at the 0.01 level (p < .01, F(6, 249) = 45.877). Infertility stigma and coping strategies explained 53.1% of the variance in marital intimacy. The t-tests for significance in regression for self-devaluation (β = -.189, p = .001), social rejection (β = -.143, p = .003), family shame (β = -.279, p = .001), emotion-focused coping style (β = .351, p = .001), and problem-focused coping style (β = .251, p = .001) were significant at the level below .01. Among the sub-scales of infertility stigma, family shame and among the coping strategies, emotion-focused coping style had a more significant unique contribution in predicting marital intimacy. Conclusion: Infertility stigma and coping strategies can be used to predict marital intimacy among infertile women.
Efficacy of Emotion-Focused Couple Therapy on Intimacy, Marital Adjustment, and Forgiveness among Couples with a History of Extramarital Affairs
Authors: Ameri Torani Rozita , Sedaghati Fard Mojtaba
Published: May 2024

Objective: The current study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Emotion-Focused Couple Therapy (EFCT) on intimacy, marital adjustment, and forgiveness among couples with a history of extramarital affairs. Methods: The research design was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with a control group. The study population included all women in Tehran who were affected by their husbands' extramarital relationships in 2022. A sample of 30 women affected by such relationships and visiting counseling centers in District 2 of Tehran was selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group in equal numbers. The research instruments included the Thompson and Walker (1983) Intimacy Scale, the Spanier (1976) Marital Adjustment Questionnaire, and the Rye et al. (2001) Forgiveness Questionnaire. The experimental group received EFCT in eight 60-minute sessions over a month; the control group was placed on a waiting list. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance with the aid of SPSS version 23 software. Findings: The findings indicated that EFCT significantly improved intimacy (p < 0.01), marital adjustment (p < 0.01), and marital forgiveness (p < 0.01). Conclusion: It can be concluded that Emotion-Focused Couple Therapy effectively enhances intimacy, adjustment, and forgiveness in couples with a history of extramarital affairs.
Investigating the Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Self-Compassion and Experiential Avoidance in Women Who Have Experienced Marital Infidelity
Authors: Sanati Yasaman , Hosseini Shole , Abbasi Fatemeh
Published: May 2024

Objective: Marital infidelity is one of the most significant threats to the stability of marital relationships and a leading cause of divorce across various cultures. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on self-compassion and experiential avoidance in women who have experienced marital infidelity. Methods: The current research was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design, involving experimental and control groups and a three-month follow-up. All women who had experienced marital infidelity and attended psychotherapy and counseling clinics in Tehran during the year 2021-2022 constituted the statistical population of this study, from which 30 were selected via convenience sampling based on the inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to two equal groups of 15. Data were collected using the Self-Compassion Scale (Neff, 2003) and the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire - Second Version (Bond et al., 2007). Participants in the experimental group received 8 sessions of intervention. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance with SPSS version 26. Findings: The mean self-compassion score and its dimensions in the experimental group significantly improved post-intervention compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Cognitive-behavioral therapy was beneficial in reducing experiential avoidance in the experimental group, unlike the control group (p < 0.05). The effects of this therapeutic program on dependent variables continued during the three-month follow-up period (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Cognitive-behavioral exercises can be used as an effective intervention method to improve the cognitive-emotional status of women who have experienced marital infidelity.
Effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior Therapy-based Skill Training on Distress Tolerance, Emotional Cognitive Regulation, and Marital Quality of Life in Women with Recurrent Miscarriages
Authors: Eyfarniyan Maryam , Keshavarzi Arshadi Farnaz , Golshani Fatemeh , Hassani Fariba , Dolatshahee Behrooz
Published: May 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)-based skill training on distress tolerance, emotional cognitive regulation, and marital quality of life in women with recurrent miscarriages. Methods: The population consisted of all women attending infertility clinics in Tehran during 2019-2020. A sample of 30 women was selected through convenience and purposive sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 in each group). The instruments used in this study included: the Distress Tolerance Scale by Simons and Gaher (2005), Cognitive and Emotional Regulation Scale by Garnefski, Kraaij, and Spinhoven (2006), and Marital Quality of Life Scale by Fletcher, Simpson, and Thomas (2000). Repeated measures and a significance level of .05 were used for statistical analysis. Findings: The results showed significant differences in means between the two groups at pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages, with significant improvements in distress tolerance, emotional cognitive regulation, and marital quality of life. The effect sizes of this treatment were 0.885, 0.910, and 0.983, respectively. Conclusion: Given the confirmed effectiveness of the treatment, it is recommended that these women receive psychological treatments in conjunction with medical treatments.
Modeling the Effects of Reducing Barriers to Creating Learning Organizations Using Structural Equation Modeling (Case Study of Al-Qadisiyah and Kufa Universities, Iraq)
Authors: Tayyeh AlNaieli Ahmed Kadhim , Sadeghi Mehrdad , Atiyeh Latif Abdul Reza , Sharifi Saeed
Published: May 2024

Objective: The objective of this research was to model the reduction of barriers to the establishment of learning organizations at Al-Qadisiyah and Kufa Universities in Iraq. Methodology: The current study is an applied research and utilizes a mixed-methods (qualitative-quantitative) approach. The research population consists of 12 experts whose opinions were used to identify the effects in the qualitative part, and the population for modeling included a group of faculty members from Al-Qadisiyah and Kufa Universities. The precise sample size of 91 individuals was obtained using Cochran's formula. The sampling method employed in this research was simple random sampling. The modeling of the effects of reducing barriers to creating learning organizations was initially identified using the Delphi technique, and then modeled and ranked using structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis. Findings: The research results demonstrated that the model of the effects of reducing barriers to creating learning organizations is underpinned by 10 causal conditions, 5 contextual conditions, 4 intervening factors, and 6 strategies, resulting in 6 major outcomes for the universities of Al-Qadisiyah and Kufa, Iraq, which include: development of organizational learning in universities, organizational outcomes, collective experiential learning, social learning, knowledge enhancement, and organizational entrepreneurship. Conclusion: As the results indicate, communications play a crucial role in reducing barriers, being one of the most important causal conditions in this area. As it is evident, communication refers to all the means of connection among employees within Al-Qadisiyah and Kufa universities. Having internal communications will ensure that the cycle of knowledge and learning flows within the organization in an orderly manner. Possessing a wide array of communication tools such as telephones, email, the internet, and clear verbal communications between employees and various organizational departments is a pathway to reducing learning barriers.
Understanding Treatment Resistance in Depression
Authors: Karstensen Valerie , Olsen Geoffrey , Bastholm Mathias
Published: May 2024

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) represents a significant challenge in psychiatric care, affecting a substantial portion of patients who do not respond to conventional treatment modalities. This qualitative study aims to explore the lived experiences of individuals diagnosed with TRD to better understand the personal, social, and systemic factors that contribute to treatment resistance and identify potential avenues for more effective interventions. The study utilized a qualitative design, conducting semi-structured interviews with 33 participants diagnosed with TRD. Data collection continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using NVivo software to facilitate thematic analysis and ensure comprehensive data exploration and theme identification. Four main themes were identified: Personal Experiences with Depression, Interactions with the Healthcare System, Treatment Efficacy and Options, and Psychological and Social Insights. These themes encompassed subthemes such as emotional impact, coping mechanisms, quality of care, medication efficacy, alternative treatments, stigma, and the role of support networks. Each category provided deep insights into the challenges faced by individuals with TRD and the factors influencing their treatment outcomes. The study highlights the complex nature of TRD and underscores the need for a more personalized, empathetic approach in treating this condition. Insights gained suggest that enhancing patient-provider communication, increasing access to alternative treatment options, and addressing societal stigma could improve treatment outcomes for individuals with TRD.
Understanding Patient Adherence to Hypertension Management Guidelines
Authors: Qiu Haixin , Piskorz-Ryń Oriana
Published: May 2024

Hypertension is a prevalent chronic condition globally, associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Effective management of hypertension is crucial to prevent these complications; however, adherence to management guidelines is often suboptimal. This study aimed to explore the factors influencing patient adherence to hypertension management guidelines to identify areas for intervention and improvement. This qualitative study utilized semi-structured interviews to collect data from 30 participants diagnosed with hypertension. Participants were selected using purposive sampling to ensure a diverse representation in terms of age, gender, and ethnicity. The interviews were designed to explore various aspects of hypertension management as experienced by the patients. Data analysis was conducted using NVivo software, employing thematic analysis to identify and categorize themes related to adherence. Four main themes were identified as significant influencers of adherence to hypertension management guidelines: Patient Understanding, Health System Factors, Lifestyle and Management, and Personal and Social Influences. Each theme comprised several categories with specific concepts: Knowledge of Hypertension, Accessibility of Healthcare, Diet and Nutrition, and Cultural Beliefs, among others. These themes highlighted the complexity of factors affecting patient adherence, ranging from individual knowledge and behaviors to systemic and social influences. The study underscores the multifaceted nature of factors influencing adherence to hypertension management guidelines. Enhancing adherence requires a holistic approach that addresses not only medical and educational aspects but also considers systemic improvements and personalized patient support. Interventions should focus on improving patient education, healthcare accessibility, and support systems while acknowledging the role of personal and cultural factors in health management.
Challenges in the Reintegration of Disabled Individuals into the Workforce
Authors: Chikwe Chidinma , Seyed Alitabar Seyed Hadi , William Erwin A. , Zadhasn Zohreh
Published: May 2024

The reintegration of disabled individuals into the workforce presents significant challenges and opportunities for enhancing workplace diversity and inclusivity. This study aims to explore the barriers and supports experienced by disabled workers as they navigate their return to employment, highlighting the complex interplay of personal, societal, and institutional factors that influence their reintegration process. This qualitative study utilized semi-structured interviews with 31 disabled individuals who have attempted to re-enter the workforce. Participants were selected through purposive sampling to capture a diverse range of disabilities, ages, and employment backgrounds. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis facilitated by NVivo software, focusing on reaching theoretical saturation where no new themes emerged from the data. Three main themes were identified: Employment Barriers, Support Systems, and Positive Experiences. Employment Barriers included categories such as Physical Accessibility, Social Attitudes, Workplace Policies, Technology and Tools, and Legal and Institutional barriers. Support Systems highlighted Government Programs, Community and Networks, Employer Support, and Personal Strategies. Positive Experiences encompassed Successful Accommodations, Employer Engagement, Career Development, and Advocacy and Awareness, illustrating facilitative aspects that aid reintegration. The study underscores the necessity of a multi-layered approach to the workforce reintegration of disabled individuals. Effective accommodations, proactive employer engagement, and robust support systems are crucial for overcoming the significant barriers these individuals face. Enhancing these areas can significantly improve employment outcomes for disabled workers, promoting a more inclusive and diverse workforce.
Strategies for Managing Interpersonal Conflicts in Multicultural Teams
Authors: Karna Wioleta , Stefaniuk Ireneusz , Jafari MohammadBagher
Published: May 2024

Multicultural teams are becoming increasingly common in globalized work environments, bringing diverse perspectives that can foster innovation but also lead to complex interpersonal conflicts. The objective of this study was to explore effective strategies for managing these conflicts, with an emphasis on understanding the impact of communication styles, cultural norms, and conflict management strategies on team cohesion and performance. This qualitative study employed semi-structured interviews to collect data from 16 participants with diverse cultural backgrounds, who have experience in multicultural teams. Data analysis was conducted using NVivo software, focusing on thematic coding to achieve theoretical saturation. The interviews explored participants’ experiences and strategies related to conflict in multicultural settings. Three main themes were identified: Communication Styles, Cultural Norms and Values, and Conflict Management Strategies. Communication Styles included subcategories such as Language Barriers, Modes of Communication, Cultural Interpretations of Politeness, Conflict Escalation, and Resolution Techniques. Cultural Norms and Values encompassed Power Distance, Individualism vs. Collectivism, Uncertainty Avoidance, Long- vs. Short-Term Orientation, and Time Orientation. Conflict Management Strategies featured the Role of Cultural Mediators, Adaptive Leadership, Preventive Measures, Feedback Systems, and Reconciliation Processes. Effective management of interpersonal conflicts within multicultural teams requires a nuanced understanding of diverse communication styles, cultural norms, and proactive conflict resolution strategies. Tailored approaches that consider these elements can significantly enhance team dynamics and organizational productivity. Leaders and organizations are encouraged to implement adaptive leadership and cultural competency training to navigate and resolve conflicts effectively.
Coping Mechanisms Among Patients with Terminal Illnesses
Authors: Lee Angel , Wong Yoko , Seng Neo Xian
Published: May 2024

Patients with terminal illnesses face multifaceted challenges that affect their emotional, physical, and social well-being. Understanding how these patients cope with the complexities of their condition is crucial for improving healthcare support and interventions. This study aims to explore the various coping mechanisms employed by terminally ill patients and to identify the main themes of these strategies. A qualitative research design was utilized for this study, focusing on semi-structured interviews with 24 terminally ill patients. Interviews were conducted until theoretical saturation was achieved, ensuring comprehensive coverage of the experiences discussed by participants. Data analysis was performed using NVivo software to facilitate the thematic analysis and to identify recurrent patterns in the coping strategies described. Four main themes were identified in the study: Emotional Coping, Physical Coping, Social Support, and Practical Management. Emotional Coping included categories such as Acceptance, Denial, Expression, Spiritual Coping, and Distraction. Physical Coping was characterized by Pain Management and Routine Maintenance. Social Support emerged strongly with subthemes like Family Involvement, Peer Support, and Professional Help. Practical Management involved Information Seeking, Healthcare Navigation, Resource Utilization, Legacy Activities, and Future Planning. Each category was supported by specific concepts illustrating the patients’ coping strategies. The study revealed a broad spectrum of coping mechanisms that are critical for managing the challenges posed by terminal illnesses. These mechanisms span emotional, physical, social, and practical domains, highlighting the need for a holistic approach in the care and support of terminally ill patients. Healthcare providers should consider these diverse coping strategies when designing and implementing care plans to enhance patient well-being and quality of life.
Patient Perspectives on Lifestyle Changes Following a Diabetes Diagnosis
Authors: Şahin Ayşe , Soylu Dilek
Published: May 2024

Diabetes mellitus poses significant health risks and managing it effectively involves substantial lifestyle changes. This study aimed to explore the personal experiences and perceptions of individuals diagnosed with diabetes in regard to the lifestyle changes they undertook following their diagnosis, with the objective of understanding the emotional, behavioral, and health impacts of these changes. A qualitative research design was employed, involving semi-structured interviews with 20 participants who had been diagnosed with diabetes within the past five years. Data collection aimed at achieving theoretical saturation and was analyzed using NVivo software through thematic analysis, focusing on identifying and understanding themes and patterns in participants' responses. The analysis revealed three main themes: Emotional Responses, Lifestyle Modifications, and Health Outcomes. Emotional Responses included initial reactions such as shock and denial, various coping mechanisms, and long-term emotional adjustments. Lifestyle Modifications encompassed dietary changes, increased physical activity, medication adherence, and health monitoring. Health Outcomes were reflected in improvements in physical and psychological well-being, better management of complications, enhanced quality of life, increased knowledge and awareness about diabetes, and varied perspectives on future health prospects. The findings underscore the complexity of diabetes management post-diagnosis and highlight the need for personalized support systems that address both the emotional and practical aspects of lifestyle changes. Effective management strategies should be holistic, incorporating emotional support, practical lifestyle adjustment guidance, and ongoing health monitoring.