bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiencia en el uso de protocolos Biomed-2 para el estudio de reordenamientos de TCR e inmunoglobulinas en proliferaciones linfoides en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Colombia
Authors: Villamizar-Rivera Nicolás , Olaya Natalia
Published: July 2022

Introducción. El consorcio europeo BIOMED-2 se creó para determinar si una población linfoide de difícil clasificación patológica es clonal. En Colombia, la implementación de estas pruebas comenzó en el 2015 en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología E.S.E. (Bogotá).Objetivos. Determinar el comportamiento de las pruebas de reordenamiento clonal o clonalidad linfoide. y determinar las dificultades de su uso en nuestro medio verificando su adaptación local y los resultados en una serie retrospectiva de casos y consecutiva de proliferaciones linfoides sometidas a los protocolos BIOMED-2.Materiales y métodos. A partir de las historias clínicas, se recolectaron los datos clínicos e histológicos y los resultados de los análisis de los reordenamientos en todos los casos de proliferaciones linfoides sometidas a los protocolos BIOMED-2, entre febrero de 2015 y mayo de 2019.Resultados. Se hallaron 132 casos, de los cuales 47 se clasificaron mediante los protocolos de Biomed-2 como hiperplasias linfoides reactivas, 62 como linfomas T, 19 como linfomas B y 3 como neoplasias linfoides de linaje no establecido. Solo en un caso falló la extracción de ADN. Según estos resultados, la mayor dificultad diagnóstica para el patólogo fue el análisis de los infiltrados linfoides T, la mayoría (44) de los cuales correspondía a lesiones cutáneas.Conclusiones. Las pruebas de clonalidad pueden usarse en tejidos de diversa calidad en nuestro medio como ayuda en el diagnóstico de proliferaciones linfoides de difícil clasificación. Es importante hacerlas e interpretarlas de manera multidisciplinaria y considerar cada caso por separado.
Análisis del impacto presupuestal en Colombia de la prueba de HPV con genotipificación comparada con la citología
Authors: Amézquita Miguel , Silva Geny Carolina , Restrepo Diego Antonio , Ibata Linda Margarita , Niño Rafael , Bustacara Maximiliano , Sáenz Víctor Alexander , Díaz Dieric Anderson , Alarcón Milena , Quintero Luz Adriana
Published: July 2022

Introducción. La detección del virus del papiloma humano mediante la combinación de la prueba de HPV y otras técnicas como la citología, ha demostrado su eficacia en el diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno de lesiones asociadas con el cáncer de cuello uterino.Objetivo. Estimar el impacto presupuestal de la estrategia de detección temprana del HPV mediante la prueba de genotipificación combinada con la citología en comparación con la citología convencional, en mujeres de 30 a 65 años participantes en el programa de tamizaje de cáncer de cuello uterino en una Entidad Administradora del Plan de Beneficios en salud (EAPB) en Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Utilizando un árbol de decisiones y un modelo de Markov, se estimaron las implicaciones clínicas y los costos directos anuales de dos ciclos de tamizaje, diagnóstico y tratamiento, en una cohorte de mujeres. Las prevalencias de los resultados clínicos y los costos se tomaron de la base de datos de una EAPB y la información de la progresión, persistencia y regresión de los estados de salud provinieron del estudio ATHENA. Resultados. El esquema de tamizaje con la prueba de HPV, la genotipificación y la citología resultó en un ahorro de costos comparado con la citología convencional. El costo promedio por ciclo de tamizaje con la prueba de HPV se estimó en COP $129’201.363 y con la citología en COP $186’309.952, es decir, un ahorro de COP $57’108.589 (30,7 %). Conclusión. La implementación de la estrategia de tamizaje evaluada sugiere que habría ahorros derivados de la detección temprana de los estados de salud asociados con el desarrollo de cáncer de cuello uterino.
Participación femenina en los comités editoriales de revistas médicas en Latinoamérica
Authors: Aquino-Canchari Christian Renzo , Chávez-Bustamante Sarai Gloria , Benites-Ibarra Christeam A. , Quijano-Escate Renatta , Arroyo-Hernández Hugo
Published: July 2022

Introducción. La participación femenina en el campo de la medicina y la investigación se ha incrementado en los últimos años; sin embargo, aún existen inequidades en la proporción de hombres y mujeres, especialmente en los cargos directivos y la participación en los comités editoriales de revistas científicas.Objetivo. Establecer la participación femenina en los comités editoriales de revistas médicas en Latinoamérica, y explorar su asociación con los cargos editoriales y los indicadores de impacto.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo de tipo bibliométrico de revistas médicas de Latinoamérica indizadas en Scopus, actualizadas y vigentes en el 2020, las cuales se seleccionaron del portal de Scimago Journal & Country Rank. Los equipos editoriales se categorizaron en tres grupos según sus funciones y, posteriormente, se registró el sexo de sus miembros a partir de sus nombres.Resultados. Se incluyeron 113 revistas. En cuanto al liderazgo editorial, entre los 264 directores de comités editoriales, las mujeres representaban el 12,9 %. En lo concerniente a las diferentes funciones, de 1.449 miembros, las mujeres eran el 28,9 %, en tanto que, de los 4.575 miembros de comités consultivos, el 19,0 % correspondía a mujeres. Se observó una mayor presencia de mujeres en los comités editoriales de revistas de Chile, Brasil y Venezuela, y en las especialidades de salud pública, pediatría y anestesiología.Conclusiones. La participación femenina en los comités editoriales de revistas médicas de Latinoamérica es escasa.
La campaña de erradicación de la malaria en Colombia, 1959-1979
Authors: Padilla-Rodríguez Julio Cesar , Olivera Mario Javier , Chaparro Pablo , Quiñonez Martha Lucía , Escobar José Pablo , Álvarez Gilberto
Published: July 2022

Introducción. A mediados de la década de 1950, el país adoptó e implementó la Campaña de Erradicación de la Malaria (CEM), sin que hasta ahora se haya hecho su evaluación.Objetivo. Evaluar los resultados alcanzados en las fases de ataque y consolidación de la campaña de erradicación de la malaria en Colombia, entre 1959 y 1979.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de los resultados “malariométricos” y operacionales de la CEM en Colombia entre 1959 y 1979 a partir de los datos recopilados de los archivos del Ministerio de Salud Pública. Se utilizaron los criterios establecidos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) relacionados con las fases de un programa de erradicación de malaria. Se almacenó, tabuló y analizó la información, y se elaboraron y aplicaron indicadores malariométricos.Resultados. En el periodo de erradicación a corto plazo (1959-1969), durante el primer año de la fase de ataque (1959), se alcanzó una reducción de la transmisión del 94 % (4.172) y, en el último año (1962), una disminución del 88 % (8.426) en la carga acumulada de casos comparada con el promedio anual de la década del 50 (71.031); estos bajos niveles de transmisión se mantuvieron hasta finales de 1969. En el periodo de intensificación del control para la erradicación (1970-1979), se produjo un incremento de la endemia y resurgió la transmisión epidémica. Debido a problemas financieros que afectaron la regularidad de la operación para mantener los resultados, y no habiéndose logrado la interrupción de la transmisión, se observó un resurgimiento de casos en las fases de ataque y consolidación.Conclusiones. La campaña no logró la meta de interrupción de la transmisión de la malaria en el territorio nacional, pero sí se consiguió un acentuado control en áreas de mediana y baja intensidad.
Aspectos técnicos y clínicos de la prueba cruzada de histocompatibilidad en el trasplante de órganos sólidos
Authors: Arrunátegui Ana María , Ramón Daniel S. , Viola Luz Marina , Olsen Linda G. , Jaramillo Andrés
Published: July 2022

La presencia de anticuerpos dirigidos contra los antígenos leucocitarios humanos (Human Leukocyte Antigens, HLA) que se expresan en las células del donante, es uno de los factores de riesgo más importantes asociados con las complicaciones clínicas después del trasplante. La prueba cruzada es una de las pruebas de histocompatibilidad más eficaces para la detección de anticuerpos específicos contra el donante en los receptores de injertos. En los primeros métodos de la prueba cruzada, se utilizaba la citotoxicidad dependiente del complemento, que es útil para detectar dichos anticuerpos responsables del rechazo hiperagudo del injerto, pero carece de la sensibilidad adecuada. Por ello, se desarrollaron métodos de pruebas cruzadas más sensibles, entre ellas, la prueba cruzada por citometría de flujo que hoy se considera el método preferido.En este artículo se revisa la evolución de la prueba cruzada y los factores más importantes que deben tenerse en cuenta al realizarla y al interpretar los resultados de esta prueba fundamental para la supervivencia a largo plazo del injerto.
Factores que afectan la cobertura del programa de tuberculosis en el primer nivel de atención en Honduras
Authors: Beltrán Briana , Benjumea-Bedoya Dione , Alger Jackeline
Published: July 2022

Introducción. Hay consenso global en que el diagnóstico y el tratamiento precoces de la tuberculosis pueden acelerar su control y mitigar sus consecuencias. En Honduras, la tasa de mortalidad por la enfermedad aumentó gradualmente entre 2014 y 2018, a lo que se suman las reformas en el sistema de salud del 2014 y la implementación parcial de la estrategia “Fin a la TB”.Objetivo. Analizar las barreras y los elementos facilitadores del diagnóstico y el tratamiento que afectan la cobertura del programa nacional de tuberculosis, con el fin de brindar herramientas para la implementación efectiva de la estrategia “Fin a la TB” en San Pedro Sula, Honduras, 2015-2019.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio mixto secuencial y explicativo de pacientes mayores de 18 años con tuberculosis pulmonar positivos en la baciloscopia. Se revisaron las fichas de notificación de la enfermedad y las historias clínicas en dos establecimientos de salud de primer nivel y se hicieron entrevistas semiestructuradas al personal de salud, los pacientes y los familiares.Resultados. En el 74,6 % (297/398) de los casos no hubo diagnóstico oportuno. En este grupo, se encontró una mayor proporción de hombres (62,3 %; 185/297) y de adultos (80,8 %; 240/297); predominó un nivel de escolaridad inferior a la secundaria (53,7 %; 108/297); el 49,2 % (123/297) de los pacientes tenía alguna ocupación, y el 98,2 % había recibido tratamiento oportuno. Se detectaron las siguientes barreras: condiciones socioeconómicas precarias, desarticulación del sistema de salud público y privado, y límites fronterizos entre maras y pandillas. Los elementos facilitadores fueron la buena atención y la actitud del personal de salud, y la disponibilidad y reserva de tratamiento. Conclusiones. La falta de oportunidad en el diagnóstico de tuberculosis afectó la cobertura del programa nacional como resultado de las barreras culturales y de atención en salud.
Deep fake detection using cascaded deep sparse auto-encoder for effective feature selection
Authors: Balasubramanian Saravana Balaji , R Jagadeesh Kannan , P Prabu , K Venkatachalam , Trojovský Pavel
Published: July 2022

In the recent research era, artificial intelligence techniques have been used for computer vision, big data analysis, and detection systems. The development of these advanced technologies has also increased security and privacy issues. One kind of this issue is Deepfakes which is the combined word of deep learning and fake. DeepFake refers to the formation of a fake image or video using artificial intelligence approaches which are created for political abuse, fake data transfer, and pornography. This paper has developed a Deepfake detection method by examining the computer vision features of the digital content. The computer vision features based on the frame change are extracted using a proposed deep learning model called the Cascaded Deep Sparse Auto Encoder (CDSAE) trained by temporal CNN. The detection process is performed using a Deep Neural Network (DNN) to classify the deep fake image/video from the real image/video. The proposed model is implemented using Face2Face, FaceSwap, and DFDC datasets which have secured an improved detection rate when compared to the traditional deep fake detection approaches.
Five decades of change in somatic growth of Pacific hake from Puget Sound and Strait of Georgia
Authors: Chittaro Paul , Grandin Chris , Pacunski Robert , Zabel Rich
Published: July 2022

Declines in fish body size have been reported in many populations and these changes likely have important ramifications for the sustainability of harvested species and ecosystem function. Pacific hake, Merluccius productus, have shown declines in size over the last several decades for populations located in Puget Sound (PS), Washington, USA, and Strait of Georgia (SoG), British Columbia, Canada. To examine this decrease in size, we used archived otoliths from both populations to assess when the decrease in somatic growth occurred and explored what factors and processes might explain the decline, including otolith microchemistry to infer the environment experienced by fish at different ages. Results indicated that substantial changes in juvenile somatic growth have occurred across decades. The divergence in body size occurred in the second summer, whereby SoG fish grew, on average, 18% more than PS fish. Within the PS population, somatic growth differed significantly among fish that hatched in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2010s, such that the more recently hatched fish grew 26% more in their first summer and 71% less in their second summer relative to those that hatched in the 1980s. In comparison, growth of SoG fish did not differ between those that hatched in 1970s and 1990s. For both populations growth in the first and third summer was positively and negatively related, respectively, to the abundance of harbor seals, while growth in the first and second summer was negatively related to salinity. Overall, this study highlights the complicated nature of Pacific hake population recovery under dynamic, and typically uncontrollable, variation in biotic and abiotic conditions.
Seeds harvested during mowing from semi-natural grasslands as an ad hoc but effective solution for grassland restoration
Authors: Perera Peliyagodage Chathura Dineth , Nocoń Zofia , Mollashahi Hassanali , Wierzbicka Malwina , Szymura Tomasz H. , Szymura Magdalena
Published: July 2022

Species-rich grasslands formed by local ecotypes of native species provide numerous ecosystem services both in rural areas as well as urban grasslands. Nonetheless, their area is still too small, making grasslands one of the most frequently restored habitats. Successful restoration requires high-quality seed material, which is expensive and often not easy to acquire. In this study, we tested the potential of seeds accidentally collected during the mowing of a semi-natural grassland for grassland restoration. We tested seed purity, species composition, and germination capability in both laboratory and field conditions. Ninety percent of the collected material consisted of pure seeds of numerous species. Their germination capability was relatively low but still sufficient for successful grassland restoration under a typical seed density/mass per unit area seeding ratio. The germination capacity was the highest in the first two weeks after sowing and increased with overwintering seed storage. The results suggested that the seeds could be successfully used for species-rich grassland restoration. In terms of advantages, the seed mixture had a low cost and contained native species seeds representing local ecotypes. In terms of disadvantages, there was a relatively low amount of seed material and an inability to plan the time of seed harvesting. Thus, the use of the accidentally collected seeds can be considered an effective but rather ad hoc solution.
Oxygen uptake efficiency slope in healthy normal weight young males: an applicable framework for calculation and interpretation
Authors: Falcioni Lavinia , Guidetti Laura , Baldari Carlo , Gallotta Maria Chiara , Meucci Marco
Published: July 2022

Background

The oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) is considered a reliable indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness in young and clinical populations who cannot achieve maximal effort during a graded exercise test. However, OUES accuracy depends on the data points used for its calculation and it is still not clear if the submaximal OUES can accurately assess CRF in healthy young males.

Objective

We investigated the association between peak oxygen uptake and peak and submaximal OUES, and the agreement between submaximal OUES and peak OUES in male adolescents and young adults.

Methods

In this cross-sectional, observational study, fifty normal weight healthy participants (age 14–22 years, peak oxygen uptake 43.8 ± 7.3 mL·min−1·kg−1) performed a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer and pulmonary gas exchange was assessed using breath-by-breath analysis. Peak oxygen uptake, and oxygen consumption at the aerobic and at the anaerobic threshold were determined as the 30-s average of the oxygen consumption values. Peak OUES (up to peak) and submaximal OUES (up to the aerobic and anaerobic thresholds) were calculated from the logarithmic relation between oxygen consumption and pulmonary ventilation.

Results

Very strong correlations were observed between peak oxygen uptake and peak OUES (r = 0.80–0.88) while fair-to-very strong correlations were observed between the peak oxygen uptake and the two submaximal OUES (r = 0.32–0.81). The level of agreement between peak OUES and OUES up to the anaerobic threshold (r = 0.89–0.93; Typical percentage error 6%; Intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.89–0.93) was greater than the one between the peak oxygen uptake with OUES up to the aerobic threshold (r = 0.39–0.56; Typical percentage error 15%; Intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.38–0.56).

Conclusions

. The peak OUES is a better indicator of aerobic fitness than the OUES up to the anaerobic threshold in healthy, young males. The OUES up to the anaerobic threshold is a valid alternative to peak OUES.
Introducción
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Onell H. Roberto
Published: July 2022

No presenta resumen
Alameda tras las rejas de Rodrigo Olavarría: recorrer la memoria y la ciudad sitiada como un blues (Santiago: La Calabaza del Diablo, 2010)
Authors:   Universidad Finis Terrae, Urzúa Opazo Macarena
Published: July 2022

No presenta resumen
Aproximación al pensamiento crítico de Nelly Richard: fundamentos y debates de {y con) la crítica cultural
Authors:   Universidad de California, Davis, Lazzara Michael J.
Published: July 2022

No presenta resumen
Revista de Crítica Cultural: recomposición de una escena cultural
Authors:   University of Pittsburgh (estados Unidos), Zamorano Díaz César
Published: July 2022

No presenta resumen
Escribo para alejarme. Conversando con Santiago Gamboa
Authors:   Universidad Diego Portales, Electorat Mauricio
Published: July 2022

No presenta resumen
Verónica Cortínez y Manfred Engelbert. Evolución en Libertad. El cine chileno de fines de los sesenta. Santiago de Chile: Cuarto Propio, 2014
Authors:   Universidad de Valparaíso, Jacobsen Camus Udo
Published: July 2022

No presenta resumen
Habitar el paisaje. Tres poetas sudamericanas. Bellessi, Fariña, Varela, de Eliana Ortega. Santiago: Cuarto Propio, 2016.
Authors:   Universidad de Chile, Bello Javier
Published: July 2022

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Olhos d’água. Conceição Evaristo. Rio de Janeiro: Pallas, 2016.
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo, Santos da Silva Daniel Carlos
Published: July 2022

França (1986) compone una urgencia en la producción cultural de Brasil: la de la mujer negra como centro de la cuestión, tanto como productora y como persona representada en la composición. En toda su obra es posible escuchar y visualizar el camino de resistencia de la mujer negra brasileña, en conexión directa con su ancestralidad. En este sentido, sobreviene en la obra el canto evocado desde la africanidad y del candomblé.
Biopolíticas de la visualidad en la necrópolis contemporánea. Javier Guerrero (comp). Bogotá: Cuadernos de Literatura 46, Vol. XXIII Jul-Dic 2019.
Authors:   Universidad de California, Irvine, Vergara Isabella
Published: July 2022

El tiempo de la vida es el tiempo de la Tierra como gran organismo, propone Rita Segato en su reciente artículo “Todos somos mortales”. Un tiempo que, como parte de ese gran “útero terrestre”, desafía las reglas, la gran omnipotencia de Occidente y su obsesión de ubicarnos como especies en una posición sujeta a la manipulación de la vida. Desde catástrofes naturales, flujos migratorios incontenibles, una guerra global normalizada, enfermedades, pandemias, femicidios y violencia policial, ¿cómo pensar desde el final de los tiempos? ¿Cómo proteger y cuidar la vida en el presente? ¿Y cómo registrar esta experiencia, cómo retenerla, al desarticular los dominios del necropoder y el biopoder? Estas son algunas de las preguntas que aborda Biopolíticas de la visualidad en la necrópolis contemporánea (2019), compilado por Javier Guerrero para la revista Cuadernos de literatura.
Comparison of Haloperidol and Quetiapine for Treatment of Delirium in Critical Illness: A Prospective Randomised Double-blind Placebo-controlled Trial
Authors: Garg Rishabah , Singh Vipin Kumar , . Pratishruti , Singh GP
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Delirium is associated with an increased chance of death, prolonged hospitalisation, higher healthcare costs, and possibly long-term brain damage in survivors. Antipsychotics, both conventional and atypical, are the cornerstone of pharmacologic treatment for delirium in adults. Aim: To find out whether typical and atypical antipsychotic medication would result in a shorter duration of delirium than placebo and would improve other outcomes. Materials and Methods: This is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted on patients with delirium in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India from February 2021 to February 2022. Out of 45, 15 received enteral haloperidol (maximum dose 30 mg daily), 15 received quetiapine (maximum dose 300 mg daily) and 15 were controls receiving placebo through Ryle’s tube. Delirium was detected with the use of Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU), and side effects of the drugs were noted. Dose of a trial drug or placebo was placed halved or doubled at 12-hour intervals using these parameters. The primary end point was the number of days alive without delirium during the 14 day intervention period. Secondary end points included time to freedom from mechanical ventilation, time to ICU, hospital discharge and 30 day and 90 day survival. Results: Out of 45 patients screened, 25 were males and 20 were females with no comparable differences. The mean number of days alive without delirium or coma was 9.45 in the haloperidol group, 8.64 in the quetiapine group, and 8.57 in the placebo group (p-value=0.63) for overall effect across trial groups. The use of haloperidol or quetiapine as compared with placebo, had no significant effect on the primary end point. There were no significant between-group differences in respect to the secondary end points . Conclusion: The use of enteral haloperidol or quetiapine, as compared with placebo, did not significantly alter the duration of delirium in the critically-ill patients admitted in ICU.
Beyond bushfire severity: mapping the ecological impact of bushfires on the Gondwana Rainforests of Australia World Heritage Area
Authors: Laidlaw Melinda J. , Hines Harry B. , Melzer Rhonda I. , Churchill Tracey B.
Published: July 2022

Bushfire severity mapping and analysis for Queensland’s Gondwana Rainforests World Heritage Area properties following wildfires in 2019/20 was found to under-predict the ecological impact within closed-canopy rainforests, biasing against the prioritisation of rainforest-dependent threatened fauna for assessment and the allocation of recovery resources. By incorporating the fire tolerance of vegetation communities mapped within the bushfire extent, bushfire severity can be extended to predict the potential ecological impact of each severity class on ecosystems, and priority species. Prioritising threatened species based on potential ecological impact rather than fire severity alone allows post-fire survey and monitoring to be better targeted to those species likely most severely impacted. It also allows resources and recovery actions to be directed towards those areas of greatest concern, which may not have suffered the worst bushfire severity.
The Herbaceous Species Tropical Savanna of West Timor Indonesia: Structure and Composition Pattern
Authors: Gaol Mangadas Lumban , Mudita I. Wayan
Published: July 2022

Aims: This research was conducted to investigate the current structure and composition pattern of savanna of West Timor.

Study Design: Fourteen (14) stands (100 x 100 m) and 280 plots (1m x 1m) representing area of savanna were selected by purposive sampling.

Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in area of savanna in the District of Kupang West Timor Indonesia between April to November 2021.

Methodology: All ground herbs in each plot were identified to species level. Density, dominance, and Importance Value Index (IVI) for each species present were calculated. All species were categorized according to their habit as grass and non-grass and according to the economic value. Index Similarity between stand was calculated to investigate similarity of flora composition between stands by using Coefficient Sørensen (Ss).

Results: Of 14 stands and 280 plots investigated, 58 herbaceous species member of 23 families were identified, consisting of 27.12% grass and 72.88% non-grass species Based on plant density, dominance, and IVI, the most dominant grass species were Setarias phacelata (Schumach.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb. ex M.B. Moss, Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) A. Camus, Panicum repens L, and Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr. The most dominant non-grass species were Cyperus rotundus L., Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lamk, and Mimosa pudica. The distribution of plant shows that most species present were species with low density where few species were within the category of abundant. Index of Similarity between 14 stands was very low, where about 57.14% of stands were dissimilar. Therefore, plant composition among stands varied.  Of 16 grass species present, about 25.00% were considered medical plants, 18.75% as ornamental plants, 18.75% as plants used to make various tools, 12.5% as source of human food, and 31.25% as plants for erosion control. Of all non-grass species, about 59.52% were considered useful as medical plants; 19.04% as food sources, 16.67 as ornamental plants, and 4.76% as animal fodder sources.

Conclusion: Based on this result it can be concluded that herbaceous species savanna of West Timor has a high diversity and economic potential that have not been used due to the lack of information. Therefore, the tropical savanna of West Timor needs to be managed sustainably to maintain its diversity and ecosystem health.
Applied Genetics and Plant Breeding in 21st Century for Crop Improvement – Status and Prospects
Authors: Dutta C. , Behera P. P. , Sarma R. N.
Published: July 2022

The foundation for molecular plant breeding is an interdisciplinary science that has revolutionized the 21st century with incorporation of genomic research, biotechnology and molecular marker applications with conventional plant breeding practices. To meet the food demand of the ever-increasing population of the 21st century, conventional breeding methods like ideotype breeding, participatory plant breeding with combination of recent breeding approaches like Genetically Modified crops, Marker Assisted Selection, Next Generation Sequencing play a demanding role. Co-operation among farmers, plant breeders, researchers should exist to develop quality crops with increased nutritional value. The challenge to feed the ever-increasing population can be met by integrating different research disciplines and activities that form the core of molecular plant breeding. Success of genomics depends on the ability to improve crop phenotypes and reduce the phenotype gap which will be a major concern of the 21st century.
Assessment of Students’ Experience on Industrial Training Program in Polytechnic Sector: A Case Study of Some Selected Polytechnics in Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Obaju B. N. , Musa Shamsudeen , Abass J. O.
Published: July 2022

Industrial training is a program that aims to provide supervised training within a particular time frame which can be carried out either in the private sector or in government organizations. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the students experience in industrial training programs in some selected polytechnics in Osun state, Nigeria. Two sets of questionnaires were used for this study which are the student’s perspective and the lecturers. A total population size of 450 questionnaires was issued and 210 were returned. The data were analyzed using a statistical package for prediction. The probability sampling method was used as the method of the research It was observed from the view of the lecturers that industrial training improved the student’s skills in formal and informal communication, help to find a research area for their projects, and ability to socialize, and sustain a relationship. In the view of the students, we observed that industrial training improved the students’ confidence in tackling problems and provides the needs for continuous learning. Also, we observed that safety was the major challenge students faced during their internship. Finally, In terms of Lecturer Department placements students from estate management has the highest percentage of 30% of participant with 3 respondents, in terms of Course placements estate management has the highest course of the student of 25% with 50 respondents, in terms of Industrial Training (IT) placements, Ministry has the highest place of IT percentage which is 38.0% of participant (76 respondents), and in terms of Gender placements men has the highest place of Gender percentage which is 65% of participant (130 respondents). Future work should focus on other sectors including institution, colleges, and more.
Análise Prospectiva do Caju: mapeamento tecnológico por meio de pedidos de patentes
Authors: Oliveira Diego Francisco de Mesquita , Rodrigues Thiago Machado
Published: July 2022

O Cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale L.) é uma planta tropical nativa do Nordeste brasileiro que possui potencialidades alimentícias, destacando-se pela grande variedade de produtos que são derivados do seu cultivo. O agronegócio do Caju tem grande relevância social e econômica para a Região do Nordeste brasileiro. O presente estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma prospecção tecnológica do Caju por meio da análise dos pedidos de patentes nas principais bases de dados de acesso gratuito: World Intellectual Property organization (WIPO – Patentscope), European Patent Office (Espacenet) e no banco de dados do Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial (INPI). Como resultados, após analisar os avanços das competências tecnológicas do Caju, por meio do mapeamento tecnológico de patentes, foi possível observar que as potencialidades tecnológicas do fruto são abrangentes, não se restringindo somente ao agronegócio, e com destaque para a área da ciência médica ou veterinária e higiene.
O Reconhecimento Facial como uma das Vertentes da Inteligência Artificial (IA): um estudo de prospecção tecnológica
Authors: Conceição Valdir Silva , Nunes Edna Maria , Rocha Angela Machado
Published: July 2022

A prospecção tecnológica é um instrumento utilizado para verificar e mapear o desenvolvimento tecnológico e científico e serve para influenciar e direcionar a inovação na indústria, na sociedade e na economia de forma que os inventores não se atenham a trabalhar em produtos que já tenham sido gerados e protegidos, também muito utilizada para melhorar o que já existe em termos tecnológicos. Este trabalho revisou a literatura referente ao reconhecimento facial, tendo como base os pedidos de patentes nos escritórios. A metodologia utilizada foi a prospecção tecnológica patentária, que teve como ferramenta de pesquisa a plataforma Orbit. Neste estudo foram encontradas 17.050 patentes, e a maior parte delas estão na classificação CPC como G – Física, com 78,92%, e, desse total, 80,20% estão no CPC G06 – Cômputo, cálculo; contagem, sendo que 53,81% se relacionam ao código CPC G06K referente à identificação de dados; apresentação de dados; suporte de dados; manipulação de transporte de dados.
Monitoramento Tecnológico de Patentes da Área Cosmética Voltadas para a Pele
Authors: Karklis Taina Melo , Angeli Renata , Carmo Flávia Lima do
Published: July 2022

O Brasil é considerado um dos principais consumidores para produtos cosméticos no mundo e, por isso, faz-se necessária a realização de monitoramentos tecnológicos para esse tema. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada neste trabalho consistiu em buscas na base de dados de patentes Orbit. A estratégia de busca retornou um total de 9.566 documentos. A partir dos resultados gerados, é possível observar a evolução anual dos pedidos de patente por data de prioridade, notando-se uma curva crescente desde o ano de 1990 até o ano de 2002, porém, desde o ano de 2003 até os dias atuais, 2020, tem ocorrido uma queda gradual em relação às publicações de pedidos da área cosmética voltada para a pele. Adicionalmente, evidenciou-se que o Japão, os Estados Unidos e a Europa são os principais depositantes de patentes e de publicações da área cosmética para a pele de uma maneira geral. O Brasil, apesar de não estar entre os primeiros colocados na listagem evidenciada, aparece entre os 20 países mais relevantes, destacando-se como um mercado em expansão e cada dia mais promissor em relação ao tema.
The Molecular Relationship between Stress and Insomnia
Authors: Birch Jasmine N. , Vanderheyden William M.
Published: July 2022

The bi‐directional relationship between sleep and stress has been actively researched as sleep disturbances and stress have become increasingly common in society. Interestingly, the brain and underlying neural circuits important for sleep regulation may respond uniquely to stress that leads to post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and stress that does not. In stress that does not lead to PTSD, the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis (HPA) pathway is activated normally that results in sympathetic nervous system activation that allows the brain and body to return to baseline functioning. However, exposure to stress that leads to PTSD, causes enhanced negative feedback of this same pathway and results in long‐term physiological and psychological changes. In this review, how stress regulates glucocorticoid signaling pathways in brain glial cells called astrocytes, and then mediates stress‐induced insomnia are examined. Astrocytes are critical sleep regulatory cells and their connections to sleep and stress due to disturbed glucocorticoid signaling provide a novel mechanism to explain how stress leads to insomnia. This review will examine the interactions of stress neurobiology, astrocytes, sleep, and glucocorticoid signaling pathways and will examine the how stress that leads to PTSD and stress that does not impacts sleep‐regulatory processes.
Conductive and Semiconductive Nanocomposite‐Based Hydrogels for Cardiac Tissue Engineering
Authors: Alamdari Sania Ghobadi , Alibakhshi Abbas , de la Guardia Miguel , Baradaran Behzad , Mohammadzadeh Reza , Amini Mohammad , Kesharwani Prashant , Mokhtarzadeh Ahad , Oroojalian Fatemeh , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: July 2022

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide and the most common cause is myocardial infarction. Therefore, appropriate approaches should be used to repair damaged heart tissue. Recently, cardiac tissue engineering approaches have been extensively studied. Since the creation of the nature of cardiovascular tissue engineering, many advances have been made in cellular and scaffolding technologies. Due to the hydrated and porous structures of the hydrogel, they are used as a support matrix to deliver cells to the infarct tissue. In heart tissue regeneration, bioactive and biodegradable hydrogels are required by simulating native tissue microenvironments to support myocardial wall stress in addition to preserving cells. Recently, the use of nanostructured hydrogels has increased the use of nanocomposite hydrogels and has revolutionized the field of cardiac tissue engineering. Therefore, to overcome the limitation of the use of hydrogels due to their mechanical fragility, various nanoparticles of polymers, metal, and carbon are used in tissue engineering and create a new opportunity to provide hydrogels with excellent properties. Here, the types of synthetic and natural polymer hydrogels, nanocarbon‐based hydrogels, and other nanoparticle‐based materials used for cardiac tissue engineering with emphasis on conductive nanostructured hydrogels are briefly introduced.
Printed GaAs Microstructures‐Based Flexible High‐Performance Broadband Photodetectors
Authors: Zumeit Ayoub , Dahiya Abhishek Singh , Christou Adamos , Mukherjee Rudra , Dahiya Ravinder
Published: July 2022

Nano/microstructures of compound semiconductors such as gallium arsenide (GaAs) demonstrate enormous potential for advanced photonic technologies as they provide realistic means for miniaturization of optoelectronic devices that feature better performance and low power consumption. However, intimately integrating them onto flexible substrates is challenging and restricts their use in the next generation of applications such as wearables and soft robotics. Herein, printed arrays of well‐defined and laterally aligned semi‐insulating (undoped) and doped GaAs microstructures are presented to develop high‐performance flexible broadband photodetectors. The direct roll transfer printed GaAs microstructures‐based photodetectors exhibit excellent performance under ultraviolet and near‐infrared illumination, including ultrafast response (2.5 ms) and recovery (8 ms) times, high responsivity (>104 AW–1), detectivity (>1014 Jones), external quantum efficiency (>106), and photoconductive gain (>104) at low operating voltage of 1 V. The achieved performance is among the best reported for broadband photodetectors but with an added benefit of the developed devices having a flexible form factor. Further, the photodetectors show stable performance under mechanical bending (500 cycles) and twisting loading. The developed materials and manufacturing route can enable high‐speed communications and computation via high‐performance flexible electronics and optoelectronics and transform numerous emerging applications such as wearable systems and internet of things.
Optical Fiber Sensors: Working Principle, Applications, and Limitations
Authors: Elsherif Mohamed , Salih Ahmed E. , Muñoz Monserrat Gutiérrez , Alam Fahad , AlQattan Bader , Antonysamy Dennyson Savariraj , Zaki Mohamed Fawzi , Yetisen Ali K. , Park Seongjun , Wilkinson Timothy D. , Butt Haider
Published: July 2022

Fiber‐optic technology emerged originally for applications in data transmission and telecommunications. However, sensors based on fiber‐optics have been developed rapidly because of their excellent sensing performances and capability to function in remote and harsh environments. The usage of fiber‐optic sensors has flourished in many fields over the past 30 years due to the fiber‐optic's inherent advantages: cost‐effectiveness, miniaturized size, light weight, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. This work reviews the fiber‐optic sensors based on Bragg gratings, long period gratings, interferometers, surface plasmon resonance, fluorescence, and light diffusion. Brief theory of sensing principle, fabrication method, applications, advantages and disadvantages of the different fiber‐optic sensors, are addressed. Recent progress in numerous sensing fields, including environmental, industrial, and biomedical are discussed for each class of fiber‐optic sensors. The review highlights the methods and techniques used to overcome the sensing challenges. Finally, prospect of future developments of fiber‐optic sensors is summarized.
Building research capacity in an under‐represented group: The STAARS program experience
Authors: Schreiber Kelsey L. , Barrett Christopher B. , Bageant Elizabeth R. , Shimeles Abebe , Upton Joanna B. , DiGiovanni Maria
Published: July 2022

For decades, the lack of high‐quality empirical economic research on the state of Africa's agriculture and rural economies has been an important factor impeding the formulation of evidence‐based policy on the continent. The Structural Transformation of African Agriculture and Rural Spaces program aims to build a critical mass of early career African scholars and policy research through an emphasis on mentorship and professional development to help remedy that deficiency. This paper explains the motivations, origins, and outcomes to date of the program, and offers lessons learned for others wishing to create research capacity development opportunities for under‐represented groups.
The landscape of metabolic brain alterations in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Batra Richa , Arnold Matthias , Wörheide Maria A. , Allen Mariet , Wang Xue , Blach Colette , Levey Allan I. , Seyfried Nicholas T. , Ertekin‐Taner Nilüfer , Bennett David A. , Kastenmüller Gabi , Kaddurah‐Daouk Rima F. , Krumsiek Jan ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Metabolomics Consortium (ADMC)
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is accompanied by metabolic alterations both in the periphery and the central nervous system. However, so far, a global view of AD‐associated metabolic changes in the brain has been missing.

Methods

We metabolically profiled 500 samples from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Metabolite levels were correlated with eight clinical parameters, covering both late‐life cognitive performance and AD neuropathology measures.

Results

We observed widespread metabolic dysregulation associated with AD, spanning 298 metabolites from various AD‐relevant pathways. These included alterations to bioenergetics, cholesterol metabolism, neuroinflammation, and metabolic consequences of neurotransmitter ratio imbalances. Our findings further suggest impaired osmoregulation as a potential pathomechanism in AD. Finally, inspecting the interplay of proteinopathies provided evidence that metabolic associations were largely driven by tau pathology rather than amyloid beta pathology.

Discussion

This work provides a comprehensive reference map of metabolic brain changes in AD that lays the foundation for future mechanistic follow‐up studies.
Near‐Infrared Spectroscopic Characterization of Cardiac and Renal Fibrosis in Fixed and Fresh Rat Tissue
Authors: Adegoke John A. , Gassner Callum , Sharma Varun J. , Patel Sheila K. , Jackett Louise , Afara Isaac O. , Raman Jaishankar , Burrell Louise M. , Wood Bayden R.
Published: July 2022

Clinical diagnosis of fibrosis is currently reliant on conventional methods. The current “gold standard” for fibrosis diagnosis is histological examination of a biopsy, which is labour intensive and requires extensive sample preparation. Here we show that a portable handheld near‐infrared spectrometer coupled with machine learning algorithms can discriminate between kidney and cardiac fibrosis in a rat model of kidney failure compared to healthy rats without kidney failure. The most significant changes in the spectra of fibrotic tissue included shifts in absorption bands at 1509, 1581, 1689 and 1725 nm attributed to collagen components. The best discrimination of fibrosis was achieved in kidney tissue (AUC=0.962), which showed a higher level of fibrosis compared to cardiac tissue (AUC=0.882). The results show the potential of the NIR spectroscopy to detect and to quantify fibrosis in the heart and kidney that in the future could be applied as an intraoperative surgical tool to guide surgical procedures.
The gas permeability properties of poly(vinyltrimethylsilane) treated by low‐temperature plasma
Authors: Syrtsova Daria , Piskarev Mikhail , Zinoviev Alexandr , Кuznetsov Alexandr , Skryleva Elena , Gilman Alla , Теplyakov Vladimir
Published: July 2022

The results of one‐sided treatment of polyvinyltrimethylsilane (PVTMS) films using low‐temperature air plasma are presented. The treatment was carried out at 25°C in air at a pressure in the reaction chamber of 10–25 Pa and a processing time of 10–60 s. The surface of the plasma‐treated PVTMS films was analyzed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy and the contact angle values determined. The effect of the plasma conditions, such as the treatment time and the pressure in the reactor chamber, on the transport properties of the modified membrane for He, O2, N2, CO2, and CH4 were investigated in detail. The permeability of all plasma‐treated PVTMS films for the studied gases except for He was found to decrease depending on the modification conditions, leading to an increase in selectivity for such pairs as He/CH4, CO2/CH4, and O2/N2. The selectivity of the modified PVTMS achieved a maximum value when the films were treated with plasma for 20–40 s at a chamber pressure of 15–20 Pa. The effective diffusion coefficients of the studied gases were obtained experimentally. It was shown that the volumetric diffusion of gases, particularly O2 and N2, in PVTMS before as after plasma treatment is described by the classical diffusion equations. The theoretical approaches to the influence of boundary conditions on selective gas transfer through polymeric membrane are considered. To estimate the prospects for the long‐term use of membranes based on modified PVTMS, the stability of the parameters gas permeability and selectivity of the modified samples was investigated over 9 months. It was shown that the modification of PVTMS by the method of low‐temperature plasma in air is a promising method for expanding the spectrum of membrane processes based on existing commercial membranes.
Where should phonics teaching start? ‘satpin’ and its origins, rivals and implications
Authors: Cochrane Gill , Brooks Greg
Published: July 2022

Children who enter school not yet reading need some systematic phonics to get them started, but cannot be expected to cope with the whole alphabet or more than a subset of phoneme–grapheme correspondences and grapheme–phoneme correspondences at that stage. So phonics schemes necessarily adopt some sequence for the introduction of graphemes and phonemes. The Letters and Sounds scheme began with satpin, that is, those graphemes and their most frequent correspondences with phonemes, /s æ t p ɪ n/, and the two most widely used British phonics schemes incorporate variants of that initial sequence. Yet why those graphemes and phonemes? This article traces satpin back to its origins in the 1960s in the work of Sally B. Childs and Aylett Royall Cox, American exponents of Orton–Gillingham methods. The article focuses upon a 1967 publication by Cox featuring a version of satpin and explains and explores its scientific basis. We then show both where Cox's insight has been influential (or not) in British literacy schemes and where authors of phonics materials have taken a different tack, or suggested alternative phonetic starting points. The phonetic analysis underlying Cox's rationale needs updating. When that is done, both it and the rediscovered original logic may suggest useful changes in the initial teaching sequence of phonemes and graphemes.