bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination and climatology of the planetary boundary layer height above the Swiss plateau by in situ and remote sensing measurements as well as by the COSMO-2 model
Authors: Collaud Coen M. , Praz C. , Haefele A. , Ruffieux D. , Kaufmann P. , Calpini B.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. The planetary boundary layer (PBL) height is a key parameter in air quality control and pollutant dispersion. The PBL height cannot, however, be directly measured, and its estimation relies on the analysis of the vertical profiles of the temperature, turbulence or the atmospheric composition. An operational PBL height detection method including several remote sensing instruments (wind profiler, Raman lidar, microwave radiometer) and several algorithms (Parcel and bulk Richardson number methods, surface-based temperature inversion, aerosol or humidity gradient analysis) was developed and tested with 1 year of measurements, which allows the methods to be validated against radio sounding measurements. The microwave radiometer provides convective boundary layer heights in good agreement with the radio sounding (RS) (median bias < 25 m, R2 > 0.70) and allows the analysis of the diurnal variation of the PBL height due to its high temporal resolution. The Raman lidar also leads to a good agreement with RS, whereas the wind profiler yields some more dispersed results mostly due to false attribution problems. A comparison with the numerical weather prediction model COSMO-2 has shown a general overestimation of the model PBL height by some hundreds to thousand meters. Finally the seasonal cycles of the daytime and nighttime PBL heights are discussed for each instrument and each detection algorithm for two stations on the Swiss plateau.
Atmospheric nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2) at Dome C, East Antarctica, during the OPALE campaign
Authors: Frey M. M. , Roscoe H. K. , Kukui A. , Savarino J. , France J. L. , King M. D. , Legrand M. , Preunkert S.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Mixing ratios of the atmospheric nitrogen oxides NO and NO2 were measured as part of the OPALE (Oxidant Production in Antarctic Lands & Export) campaign at Dome C, East Antarctica (75.1° S, 123.3° E, 3233 m), during December 2011 to January 2012. Profiles of NOx mixing ratios of the lower 100 m of the atmosphere confirm that, in contrast to South Pole, air chemistry at Dome C is dominated by strong diurnal cycles in solar irradiance and atmospheric stability. Depth profiles of mixing ratios in firn air suggest that the upper snowpack at Dome C holds a significant reservoir of photolytically produced NO2 and is a sink of gas phase ozone (O3). First-time observations of BrO at Dome C suggest 2–3 pptv near the ground, with higher levels in the free troposphere. Assuming steady-state, observed mixing ratios of BrO and RO2 radicals are too low to explain the large NO2 : NO ratios found in ambient air. A previously not considered interference with pernitric acid (HNO4) may explain part of this inconsistency. During 2011–2012 NOx mixing ratios and flux were larger than in 2009–2010 consistent with also larger surface O3 mixing ratios resulting from increased net O3 production. Large NOx mixing ratios arose from a combination of changes in mixing height and NOx snow emission flux FNOx. During 23 December 2011–12 January 2012 median FNOx was twice that during the same period in 2009–2010 due to significantly larger atmospheric turbulence and a slightly stronger snowpack source. A tripling of FNOx in December 2011 was largely due to changes in snow pack source strength caused primarily by changes in NO3− concentrations in the snow skin layer, and only to a secondary order by decrease of total column O3 and associated increase in NO3− photolysis rates. Systematic changes in the quantum yield of NO3− photolysis over time may contribute to the observed FNOx variability.
Meta-analysis of high-latitude nitrogen-addition and warming studies implies ecological mechanisms overlooked by land models
Authors: Bouskill N. J. , Riley W. J. , Tang J. Y.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Accurate representation of ecosystem processes in land models is crucial for reducing predictive uncertainty in energy and greenhouse gas feedbacks with the climate. Here we describe an observational and modeling meta-analysis approach to benchmark land models, and apply the method to the land model CLM4.5 with two versions of belowground biogeochemistry. We focused our analysis on the aboveground and belowground responses to warming and nitrogen addition in high-latitude ecosystems, and identified absent or poorly parameterized mechanisms in CLM4.5. While the two model versions predicted similar soil carbon stock trajectories following both warming and nitrogen addition, other predicted variables (e.g., belowground respiration) differed from observations in both magnitude and direction, indicating that CLM4.5 has inadequate underlying mechanisms for representing high-latitude ecosystems. On the basis of observational synthesis, we attribute the model–observation differences to missing representations of microbial dynamics, aboveground and belowground coupling, and nutrient cycling, and we use the observational meta-analysis to discuss potential approaches to improving the current models. However, we also urge caution concerning the selection of data sets and experiments for meta-analysis. For example, the concentrations of nitrogen applied in the synthesized field experiments (average = 72 kg ha−1 yr−1) are many times higher than projected soil nitrogen concentrations (from nitrogen deposition and release during mineralization), which precludes a rigorous evaluation of the model responses to likely nitrogen perturbations. Overall, we demonstrate that elucidating ecological mechanisms via meta-analysis can identify deficiencies in ecosystem models and empirical experiments.
Disentangling residence time and temperature sensitivity of microbial decomposition in a global soil carbon model
Authors: Exbrayat J.-F. , Pitman A. J. , Abramowitz G.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Recent studies have identified the first-order representation of microbial decomposition as a major source of uncertainty in simulations and projections of the terrestrial carbon balance. Here, we use a reduced complexity model representative of current state-of-the-art models of soil organic carbon decomposition. We undertake a systematic sensitivity analysis to disentangle the effect of the time-invariant baseline residence time (k) and the sensitivity of microbial decomposition to temperature (Q10) on soil carbon dynamics at regional and global scales. Our simulations produce a range in total soil carbon at equilibrium of ~ 592 to 2745 Pg C, which is similar to the ~ 561 to 2938 Pg C range in pre-industrial soil carbon in models used in the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). This range depends primarily on the value of k, although the impact of Q10 is not trivial at regional scales. As climate changes through the historical period, and into the future, k is primarily responsible for the magnitude of the response in soil carbon, whereas Q10 determines whether the soil remains a sink, or becomes a source in the future mostly by its effect on mid-latitude carbon balance. If we restrict our simulations to those simulating total soil carbon stocks consistent with observations of current stocks, the projected range in total soil carbon change is reduced by 42% for the historical simulations and 45% for the future projections. However, while this observation-based selection dismisses outliers, it does not increase confidence in the future sign of the soil carbon feedback. We conclude that despite this result, future estimates of soil carbon and how soil carbon responds to climate change should be more constrained by available data sets of carbon stocks.
New ruralities in the context of global economic and environmental change – are small-scale farmers bound to disappear?
Authors: Rauch T.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. While development practicians tend to celebrate the renaissance of rural development, critical scholars are concerned about the increasing commoditisation of rural resources in the global South coinciding with the end of the peasant mode of production. The new debate on the future of rurality is associated with trends such as price hikes for rural products, climate change, food crisis, institutional change and multi-local livelihood systems. Usually, these trends are analysed from different perspectives. While many geographers look at it from a livelihood systems perspective, political economists focus on global food markets, whereas climate change research considers rural dynamics predominantly as a response to climate. This article argues that the new rural dynamics can only be understood by taking a holistic multi-dimensional approach which puts those different perspectives into context, rather than arguing which is more relevant. Based on a multi-dimensional analytical framework, the article investigates economic, environmental, social and political-institutional dynamics behind the actual trends.
Framing smallholder inclusion in global value chains – case studies from India and West Africa
Authors: Franz M. , Felix M. , Trebbin A.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. A resurrected interest in agriculture has brought in its wake growing interest in smallholders in the global South by scholars, companies, governments and development agencies alike. While non-governmental organisations and development agencies see the potential to reduce poverty, companies look upon smallholder agriculture as a widely untapped resource for the sourcing of crops and as a sales market for agricultural inputs. While the important role of large corporate buyers of agricultural produce as lead firms in value chains is often discussed and emphasised, the power of providers of technology and agricultural inputs is being rather neglected. In this paper, we analyse two case studies of technology and input providers in agricultural value chains and their role in smallholder inclusion with the aim of finding out how such companies impact the governance of the value chains. To do so we combine insights from the value chain literature with the concept of framing/overflowing.
A virtual water network of the Roman world
Authors: Dermody B. J. , van Beek R. P. H. , Meeks E. , Klein Goldewijk K. , Scheidel W. , van der Velde Y. , Bierkens M. F. P. , Wassen M. J. , Dekker S. C.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. The Romans were perhaps the most impressive exponents of water resource management in preindustrial times with irrigation and virtual water trade facilitating unprecedented urbanization and socioeconomic stability for hundreds of years in a region of highly variable climate. To understand Roman water resource management in response to urbanization and climate variability, a Virtual Water Network of the Roman World was developed. Using this network we find that irrigation and virtual water trade increased Roman resilience to interannual climate variability. However, urbanization arising from virtual water trade likely pushed the Empire closer to the boundary of its water resources, led to an increase in import costs, and eroded its resilience to climate variability in the long term. In addition to improving our understanding of Roman water resource management, our cost–distance-based analysis illuminates how increases in import costs arising from climatic and population pressures are likely to be distributed in the future global virtual water network.
Accounting for environmental flow requirements in global water assessments
Authors: Pastor A. V. , Ludwig F. , Biemans H. , Hoff H. , Kabat P.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. As the water requirement for food production and other human needs grows, quantification of environmental flow requirements (EFRs) is necessary to assess the amount of water needed to sustain freshwater ecosystems. EFRs are the result of the quantification of water necessary to sustain the riverine ecosystem, which is calculated from the mean of an environmental flow (EF) method. In this study, five EF methods for calculating EFRs were compared with 11 case studies of locally assessed EFRs. We used three existing methods (Smakhtin, Tennant, and Tessmann) and two newly developed methods (the variable monthly flow method (VMF) and the Q90_Q50 method). All methods were compared globally and validated at local scales while mimicking the natural flow regime. The VMF and the Tessmann methods use algorithms to classify the flow regime into high, intermediate, and low-flow months and they take into account intra-annual variability by allocating EFRs with a percentage of mean monthly flow (MMF). The Q90_Q50 method allocates annual flow quantiles (Q90 and Q50) depending on the flow season. The results showed that, on average, 37% of annual discharge was required to sustain environmental flow requirement. More water is needed for environmental flows during low-flow periods (46–71% of average low-flows) compared to high-flow periods (17–45% of average high-flows). Environmental flow requirements estimates from the Tennant, Q90_Q50, and Smakhtin methods were higher than the locally calculated EFRs for river systems with relatively stable flows and were lower than the locally calculated EFRs for rivers with variable flows. The VMF and Tessmann methods showed the highest correlation with the locally calculated EFRs (R2=0.91). The main difference between the Tessmann and VMF methods is that the Tessmann method allocates all water to EFRs in low-flow periods while the VMF method allocates 60% of the flow in low-flow periods. Thus, other water sectors such as irrigation can withdraw up to 40% of the flow during the low-flow season and freshwater ecosystems can still be kept in reasonable ecological condition. The global applicability of the five methods was tested using the global vegetation and the Lund-Potsdam-Jena managed land (LPJmL) hydrological model. The calculated global annual EFRs for fair ecological conditions represent between 25 and 46% of mean annual flow (MAF). Variable flow regimes, such as the Nile, have lower EFRs (ranging from 12 to 48% of MAF) than stable tropical regimes such as the Amazon (which has EFRs ranging from 30 to 67% of MAF).
Satellite-driven downscaling of global reanalysis precipitation products for hydrological applications
Authors: Seyyedi H. , Anagnostou E. N. , Beighley E. , McCollum J.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Deriving flood hazard maps for ungauged basins typically requires simulating a long record of annual maximum discharges. To improve this approach, precipitation from global reanalysis systems must be downscaled to a spatial and temporal resolution applicable for flood modeling. This study evaluates such downscaling and error correction approaches for improving hydrologic applications using a combination of NASA's Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) precipitation data set and a higher resolution multi-satellite precipitation product (TRMM). The study focuses on 437 flood-inducing storm events that occurred over a period of ten years (2002–2011) in the Susquehanna River basin located in the northeastern United States. A validation strategy was devised for assessing error metrics in rainfall and simulated runoff as function of basin area, storm severity, and season. The WSR-88D gauge-adjusted radar-rainfall (stage IV) product was used as the reference rainfall data set, while runoff simulations forced with the stage IV precipitation data set were considered as the runoff reference. Results show that the generated rainfall ensembles from the downscaled reanalysis product encapsulate the reference rainfall. The statistical analysis consists of frequency and quantile plots plus mean relative error and root-mean-square error statistics. The results demonstrated improvements in the precipitation and runoff simulation error statistics of the satellite-driven downscaled reanalysis data set compared to the original reanalysis precipitation product. Results vary by season and less by basin scale. In the fall season specifically, the downscaled product has 3 times lower mean relative error than the original product; this ratio increases to 4 times for the simulated runoff values. The proposed downscaling scheme is modular in design and can be applied on any gridded satellite and reanalysis data set.
Estimation of three-dimensional crustal movements in the 2011 Tohoku-oki, Japan earthquake from TerraSAR-X intensity images
Authors: Liu W. , Yamazaki F. , Matsuoka M. , Nonaka T. , Sasagawa T.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. The Tohoku-Oki earthquake on 11 March 2011 caused significant widespread crustal movements. In a previous study, we proposed a method for capturing two-dimensional (2-D) surface displacements from a pair of pre- and post-event TerraSAR-X (TSX) intensity images. However, it is difficult to detect three-dimensional (3-D) displacements from one pair of TSX images. In this study, three pairs of pre- and post-event TSX images taken on different paths were used to estimate 3-D crustal movements. The relationship between the actual 3-D displacements and the converted 2-D movements in the SAR images was derived based on the observation model of a SAR sensor. The 3-D movements were then calculated from three sets of detected 2-D movements that occurred within a short time period. Compared with GPS observations, the proposed method was found to be capable of detecting the 3-D crustal movements with sub-pixel accuracy.
Eddy characteristics in the South Indian Ocean as inferred from surface drifter
Authors: Zheng Shaojun , Du Yan , Li Jiaxun , Cheng Xuhua
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Using a geometric eddy identification method, cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies from submesoscale to mesoscale in the South Indian Ocean (SIO) have been statistically investigated based on 2082 surface drifters from 1979 to 2013. 19252 eddies are identified with 60% anticyclonic eddies. For the submesoscale eddies (radius r < 10 km), the ratio of cyclonic eddies (3183) to anticyclonic eddies (7182) is 1 to 2. In contrast, number of anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies with radius r ≥ 10 km is almost equal. Mesoscale and submesoscale eddies show different spatial distribution. Eddies with radius r ≥ 100 km mainly appear in a band along 25° S, in Mozambique Channel, and Agulhas Current, characterized by large eddy kinetic energy. The submesoscale anticyclonic eddies are densely distributed in the subtropical basin in the central SIO. The number of mesoscale eddies shows statistically significant seasonal variability, reaching a maximum in October and then minimum in February.
Meer ruimte voor producentenorganisaties door hervorming Europees landbouwbeleid
Authors: Litjens Maria
Published: December 2014

Meer ruimte voor producentenorganisaties door hervorming Europees landbouwbeleid

In de nieuwe GMO-verordening prevaleren de producentenorganisatieregels binnen bepaalde grenzen boven de mededingingsregels. Evenals vroeger zijn de grenzen van de vrije ruimte in de verordening in algemene bewoordingen geformuleerd. Dit leidt tot een groot grijs gebied en daarmee tot grote onzekerheid over toelaatbaarheid van handelen. De ruimte voor meer samenwerking geldt niet alleen voor producentenorganisaties, maar voor elke andere vorm van samenwerking in de land- en tuinbouw.
Het nieuwe regime voor overeenkomsten inzake technologieoverdracht
Authors: de Rijke Bart , van der Poel Roos
Published: December 2014

Het nieuwe regime voor overeenkomsten inzake technologieoverdracht. Een bespreking van de belangrijkste wijzigingen en enkele kanttekeningen

Het van kracht worden van de nieuwe groepsvrijstellingsverordening voor overeenkomsten inzake technologieoverdracht (GVTO) en de bijbehorende Richtsnoeren heeft praktische implicaties voor gebruikelijke licentievoorwaarden. De belangrijkste inhoudelijke wijzigingen ten opzichte van het oude regime zien op het toepassingsbereik van de GVTO, de (on)mogelijkheid passieve verkopen te beperken ter bescherming van startende licentienemers, grant-back verplichtingen en niet-aanvechtings- en beëindigingsbedingen. De Richtsnoeren bevatten voorts uitgebreide vingerwijzingen over technologiepools en schikkingsovereenkomsten. Op papier gaat de licentienemer erop vooruit, maar in hoeverre de doorgevoerde wijzigingen in de praktijk zijn te handhaven valt nog te bezien.
Théories-manifestes des cinéastes et artistes face au numérique
Authors: Blümlinger Christa
Published: December 2014

Depuis une quarantaine d'années, un certain nombres d’artistes-cinéastes, se situant du côté de l'art vidéo, dans l’art des nouveaux médias ou encore du côté du cinéma dit avant-gardiste, ont successivement pris position face aux changements et innovations technologiques. Il s’agissait non seulement de repenser l’argentique, la fonction esthétique et les composants du cinéma, mais aussi des questions de dispositif au sens large du terme. En tant que modalités de textes écrits, les manifestes occupent une fonction charnière entre création artistique et théorie. Le présent article commente une série de textes déclaratifs tenant lieu de la fonction traditionnelle du manifeste, rédigés par des artistes ou cinéastes. Les discours sur la numérisation héritent souvent de la rhétorique des grands récits de l’avant-garde, empruntant des attitudes apocalyptiques, utopiques ou prophétiques, tout en s’inscrivant dans une tradition moderniste par la revendication de l’innovation, de l’opposition, ou encore de la critique des images.
Cinema, the (Digital) Machine of the Imaginary: Revisiting Edgar Morin in the Quest to Create a Theory of Cinema in the Digital Age1
Authors: Wade Diana
Published: December 2014

Digital image technology facilitates the production and distribution of images, and at the same time, instills doubt as to the integrity of those images. As a result, spectators today trust and doubt the image while still retaining a need to see a double of the world on screen. Edgar Morin’s work on cinema permits us to speak of cinema in the digital age because he recognizes that from its origins cinema has been a “mirror-machine” that reflects the spectator’s imaginary and practical relationship with images as experienced through new technologies. I will explore Morin and Christian Metz’s writings on cinema to analyze cinema’s foundational element : the ability to satisfy thebesoin de cinémathroughout changes in technology. Cinema persists as digital moving images because by evolving technologically it responds to the spectator’s need to see a double of the world on screen in order to negotiate the demands of society and personal desires.
Paradigmes théoriques et innovation technologique
Authors: Chateau Dominique
Published: December 2014

Je m’efforce de montrer que la réflexion théorique sur les mutations technologiques dans le domaine audiovisuel exige non seulement de considérer les discours que ces mutations suscitent immédiatement, mais aussi d’interroger la théorie elle-même. J’utilise à cette fin le concept de paradigme scientifique (emprunté à Thomas Kuhn) et je montre qu’il y a plusieurs sortes de paradigmes sous-jacents à la théorie du cinéma qui peuvent la déterminer, la freiner ou l’accélérer, en passant par la médiation des données concrètes, notamment technologiques. La relation entre paradigme et données, outre cette interrégulation, a une dimension théorico-historique qui implique le changement de paradigme (par évolution ou révolution), mais peut tout aussi bien relever d’un blocage conceptuel.
Évaluation métrologique de la Mesure de l’offre active de services sociaux et de santé en français en contexte minoritaire
Authors: Savard Jacinthe , Casimiro Lynn , Benoît Josée , Bouchard Pier
Published: December 2014

Comment peut-on mesurer l’impact des actions entreprises pour améliorer l’offre active de services sociaux et de santé en français dans les communautés francophones en situation minoritaire? Un questionnaire mesurant premièrement les comportements individuels de l’offre active et deuxièmement la perception du soutien organisationnel à faire de l’offre active a été créé. La validité de contenu de la Mesure de l’offre active de services en françaisen contexte minoritaire a été établie à l’aide d’une recension d’écrits, de consultations menées auprès d’expertes et d’experts et d’un sondage Delphi pancanadien. Sa fidélité a été examinée à partir de données recueillies auprès de récents diplômés en santé et en service social. L’outil démontre une bonne consistance interne et des études auprès d’un plus large échantillon sont nécessaires pour augmenter la confiance envers sa stabilité temporelle. Il s’agit des premiers pas d’une démarche visant à mesurer l’évolution des comportements d’offre active à la suite d’activités de formation ou de changements organisationnels en faveur de services en français. Une telle mesure est aussi susceptible d’être utile dans les recherches visant à saisir les déterminants de ces comportements d’offre active.
Proposition de lignes directrices pour la formation à l’offre active des futurs professionnelles et professionnels en santé et en service social oeuvrant en situation francophone minoritaire
Authors: Dubouloz Claire-Jehanne , Benoît Josée , Guitard Paulette , Brosseau Lucie , Savard Jacinthe , Kubina Lucy-Ann , Drolet Marie
Published: December 2014

Cet article présente des lignes directrices qui guident la formation des futurs professionnelles et professionnels des services sociaux et de santé dans le but d’inclure l’apprentissage du concept d’offre active de services dans les programmes universitaires et collégiaux de formation. Ce concept de soins et de services permet de mieux répondre aux besoins des communautés francophones en situation minoritaire. Fondées sur une recension d’écrits et les résultats d’un sondage réalisé auprès du corps professoral des programmes francophones de santé et de service social au Canada, ces lignes directrices identifient les appuis nécessaires au niveau de l’institution, des facultés, des programmes d’études et du corps professoral pour cette intégration du concept d’offre active de services sociaux et de santé en français dans les programmes de formation.
L’émergence de politiques nutritionnelles au Québec, 1936-19771
Authors: Guérard François
Published: December 2014

Un virage dans les politiques sanitaires au Québec s’amorce avec l’apparition en 1936 d’une Division de la nutrition au ministère de la Santé. Une quarantaine d’années plus tard, le gouvernement énonce une première politique de nutrition. Entre temps, il est généralement considéré que les organismes d’hygiène publique ont tardé à s’ajuster à la révolution épidémiologique faisant passer les maladies chroniques à l’avant-scène. Nous entendons revenir sur cette assertion en examinant les mesures gouvernementales adoptées dans le domaine de la nutrition. Quels moyens, de quelle envergure, sont utilisés pour convaincre les Québécois de modifier leurs habitudes alimentaires, et sur quelles conceptions reposent-ils ?
Tumor evolutionary directed graphs and the history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Wang Jiguang , Khiabanian Hossein , Rossi Davide , Fabbri Giulia , Gattei Valter , Forconi Francesco , Laurenti Luca , Marasca Roberto , Del Poeta Giovanni , Foà Robin , Pasqualucci Laura , Gaidano Gianluca , Rabadan Raul
Published: December 2014

Cancer is a clonal evolutionary process, caused by successive accumulation of genetic alterations providing milestones of tumor initiation, progression, dissemination, and/or resistance to certain therapeutic regimes. To unravel these milestones we propose a framework, tumor evolutionary directed graphs (TEDG), which is able to characterize the history of genetic alterations by integrating longitudinal and cross-sectional genomic data. We applied TEDG to a chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cohort of 70 patients spanning 12 years and show that: (a) the evolution of CLL follows a time-ordered process represented as a global flow in TEDG that proceeds from initiating events to late events; (b) there are two distinct and mutually exclusive evolutionary paths of CLL evolution; (c) higher fitness clones are present in later stages of the disease, indicating a progressive clonal replacement with more aggressive clones. Our results suggest that TEDG may constitute an effective framework to recapitulate the evolutionary history of tumors.
A cidade e seus souvenires: o Rio de Janeiro para o turista ter
Authors: Freire-Medeiros Bianca , Castro Celso
Published: December 2014

A proposta deste artigo é examinar alguns aspectos da representação turística da cidade do Rio de Janeiro a partir de seus souvenires. Reflete sobre a imagem turística da cidade tal como aparece nas “lembranças da terra”, nos objetos considerados tipicamente de interesse para turistas, a partir de um duplo movimento: ao material coletado em quatro lojas localizadas na Zona Sul do Rio, contrapõem-se souvenires encontrados em outros contextos culturais. Procura uma chave de interpretação possível do lugar que os souvenires ocupam na trama maior de representações e produtos culturais que estabelecem o Rio de Janeiro como destino turístico.
Culto aos ancestrais: encontros de famílias
Authors: Savoldi Adiles
Published: December 2014

O parentesco traçado, desenhado nas árvores genealógicas, tem revelado um mundo sem fronteiras. Diversos sites na Internet têm divulgado a história de famílias; do mesmo modo, ilustram famílias que fazem apelo para que os parentes do mundo todo estabeleçam algum tipo de comunicação. Essa tentativa de reconstrução histórica de um passado remoto tem propiciado novas formas de contato, configurando o que poderíamos chamar de parentesco virtual, além de encontros de pessoas oriundas de diferentes países. A proposta da pesquisa é refletir sobre as experiências que vêm acontecendo a partir de meados da década de noventa no estado de Santa Catarina em torno dos encontros de famílias italianas. Os encontros de famílias vêm se constituindo em uma nova modalidade de viagem; essa viagem pode ser no mesmo Estado ou em estados vizinhos, ou ainda para outros países, no caso, especialmente a Itália. Na festa há uma reconfiguração do parentesco tanto no sentido de reforçar os laços já existentes como também na descoberta dos "novos parentes". As diferentes dinâmicas prestam homenagens aos ancestrais que deram origem ao tronco do qual descendem os participantes. A cidade anfitriã se prepara para receber os visitantes. Os encontros acontecem em salões paroquiais, clubes recreativos e contam também com a visitação do túmulo do pioneiro imigrante italiano.
Crônica de eventos: IV Associação Nacional de Pesquisa e Pós-graduação em Turismo - ANPTUR 2007
Authors: Rejowski Mirian
Published: December 2014

O IV Seminário da Associação Nacional de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação em Turismo - ANPTUR 2007, realizado em São Paulo e organizado pela Universidade Anhembi Morumbi, deu seqüência a importantes iniciativas: o I e II Seminário (2002 e 2005), organizados pela Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, e o III Seminário, organizado pela Universidade de Caxias do Sul. Esta quarta edição do Seminário teve por objetivo reunir a comunidade científica para análise e discussão do tema “Pesquisa em Turismo e Hospitalidade: Configuração do Campo Científico” em suas diversas interfaces. No Pré-Evento foram realizadas as Oficinas de Estudo, o Encontro de Doutores e a Reunião da Diretoria Executiva da ANPTUR, esta restrita aos seus membros. O Evento propriamente dito iniciou-se com a Mesa Redonda sobre o tema central, que norteou a apresentação e discussão dos papers nas Sessões dos Grupos de Trabalho, além da Reunião de Editores de Periódicos Científicos e de Pesquisadores-Líderes de Grupos de Pesquisa. No final houve a entrega do “Prêmio Tese ANPTUR Destaque 2006” e homenageou-se o “Pesquisador Turístico Destaque 2006”. No Pós-Evento realizou-se a Assembléia Geral da ANPTUR e, opcionalmente, os participantes realizaram passeios turísticos pela cidade de São Paulo. No texto apresentam-se considerações sobre os participantes e as principais realizações do evento.
Percepção da hospitalidade na visitação turística de comunidades isoladas na região de Paraty: guaranis, caiçaras e quilombolas
Authors: Beares Luis Alberto , Cabral Samanta Gallo
Published: December 2014

O turismo em comunidades isoladas coloca em contato culturas diversas e deve ser trabalhado com cuidado para não causar danos ambientais e perdas culturais que comprometam o desenvolvimento local e gerem relações hostis. A proposta de turismo situado, considerando a memória e o patrimônio das localidades como fator potencial de hospitalidade, foi observado em visita técnica a três comunidades localizadas na região de Paraty e redondezas: Guarani, Caiçara e Quilombola. Por meio de trabalho de campo, envolvendo a visitação dos locais e entrevistas com residentes, foram levantadas informações considerando as diferenças culturais e a representatividade da terra ocupada na história de cada uma das comunidades. O elo comum na história desses povos é a luta pelo direito de posse do território. Verificaram-se diversas formas de hospitalidade em cada uma delas a partir dos diferentes costumes e valores culturais, percebidas durante as visitas no momento em que cada comunidade exercitou a partilha do seu território com os visitantes.
Resenha de livro: "Esse estranho amor dos paulistanos: requalificação urbana, cultura e turismo"
Authors: Nova Madalena Rodrigues
Published: December 2014

Resenha do livro:YÁZIGI, Eduardo. Esse estranho amor dos paulistanos: requalificação urbana, cultura e turismo. São Paulo, Global, 2006.Eduardo Yázigi é professor da Universidade de São Paulo e membro do Comitê Científico do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) eleito para o triênio 2006-2009. A obra objeto desta resenha é fruto de intensas pesquisas que expressam a preocupação do autor com a arquitetura, urbanismo, o espaço público e sua identidade bem como a construção e conservação do patrimônio ambiental urbano e ainda, turismo.
Turismo e política: Visibilidade/Invisibilidades de uma relação ambígüa. Exotismo e conflito nos novos cenários da cidade de Buenos Aires
Authors: Lacarrieu Mónica Beatriz
Published: December 2014

O escopo deste trabalho é repensar o lugar do turismo em cenários de “crise” sócio-econômica e aparente aumento da insegurança e da violência urbana. Com foco na cidade de Buenos Aires, a proposte á analisar a relação contraditória e conflitiva que se estabelece entre o turismo cultural enquanto fator de desenvolvimento econômico e social e as “territorialidades em conflito”, onde determinados setores da cidadania sofrem, geralmente esquecidos pelas políticas do governo.
Mercado pet em ascensão - hotelaria para cães e gatos em São Paulo (Brasil)
Authors: Afonso Tatiana , Berdasco Lorena , Medeiros Thais , Rejowski Mirian
Published: December 2014

Pesquisa exploratório-descritiva acerca da Hotelaria para cães e gatos na cidade de São Paulo, a fim de demonstrar as características e tendências e contribuir para os estudos aplicados sobre esse segmento turístico. Inicialmente enfoca o chamado “mercado pet”, apresentando um breve contexto com dados gerais no mundo, e a evolução da hotelaria para animais no Brasil. Em seguida, trata da hospedagem para animais de estimação, a partir de dados sobre diferentes meios de hospedagem e suas características peculiares, e da visão de gerentes de hotéis que aceitam animais de estimação junto com os hóspedes e de proprietários de animais de estimação na zona sul dessa cidade. Os resultados obtidos indicam um segmento de mercado em ascensão em dois sub-segmentos: meios de hospedagem para animais e hotéis que aceitam animais junto com seus hóspedes. A oferta de produtos e serviços hoteleiros indica a incorporação do conceito de hospitalidade, a diversificação da oferta, a necessidade de profissionais capacitados e o desenvolvimento de sistemas administrativos e gerenciais específicos, considerando, hábitos, necessidades e expectativas dos donos de animais, ao lado das características de cada tipo de animal em particular.
Aprofundando o olhar do turista: considerações acerca de suas determinantes sociais
Authors: Melo Erick Silva Omena de
Published: December 2014

Este artigo visa caminhar na direção de uma maior compreensão dos processos sociais que motivam turistas a adotar diferentes comportamentos nos locais visitados, utilizando como chave de leitura as relações interclasses no contexto da sociedade ocidental moderna. Neste sentido, a reflexão sugerida tem por base contribuições teóricas de importantes autores, como John Urry, Pièrre Bourdieu e Jost Krippendorf, buscando desenvolvê-las de forma a subsidiar novas abordagens do turismo que estejam preocupadas com um maior desenvolvimento do saber processual acerca da atividade, de maneira a se contrapor às tendências que privilegiam o dito saber proposicional. Verificou-se que a construção do olhar do turista tem complexas relações dialéticas entre algumas principais determinantes, as quais estão mergulhadas no contexto das diferentes posições ocupadas pelos sujeitos do fenômeno turístico no campo social, e que têm se consolidado através de um longo processo que vem se manifestandk desde o século XVII, atingindo sua forma atual em meados do século XX.
O TURISMO NO CONTEXTO DA SOCIEDADE INFORMACIONAL
Authors: Cacho Andréa do Nascimento Barbosa , Azevedo Francisco Fransualdo de
Published: December 2014

O presente artigo aborda o turismo no contexto da sociedade informacional, relatando os acontecimentos históricos que antecedem tal sociedade, a primeira e segunda fase da revolução industrial. Descreve o comportamento dessa sociedade e suas relações de trabalho e de lazer. Tem como objetivo analisar a sociedade informacional e o turismo, avaliando as conseqüências das evoluções tecnológicas no setor de viagens e turismo. Além disso, trata de turismo e informação, baseado no uso da internet e suas conseqüências no mercado turístico. Dentre os principais resultados constatados estão: a aceleração no processo de consumo de bens e serviços turísticos mediante o uso das novas tecnologias, o conseqüente barateamento dos serviços turísticos em virtude da informatização dos processos das empresas e o fim dos intermediários, bem como o aumento do fluxo das viagens mundiais. Trata-se, portanto, de pesquisa bibliográfica em livros e artigos científicos.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Margarita Barretto
Published: December 2014

Apresentação do conteúdo do volume 4, número 2 da Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Turismo.
TRABALHO, TURISMO RURAL E DESENVOLVIMENTO LOCAL NA ZONA DA MATA DE PERNAMBUCO
Authors: Silva Joao Paulo , Tauk Santos Maria Salett
Published: December 2014

Este texto tem como objetivo principal analisar a situação dos trabalhadores rurais do Engenho Itamatamirim, em Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco. Esses trabalhadores, que são ex-canavieiros vêm sendo submetidos a uma jornada de trabalho que combina a atividade agrícola com o turismo rural. Por isso, busca identificar as mudanças produzidas por essa experiência nos campos do trabalho e da vida desses híbridos de agricultores e trabalhadores de turismo rural. Como procedimentos metodológicos foram utilizadas técnicas combinadas de coleta de dados, como: entrevista semi-estruturada e uso da história oral. Os resultados dessa investigação demonstraram as transformações processadas nos campos do trabalho e da vida que os ex-canavieiros do Engenho Itamatamirim tiveram nas formas de participação política, no uso do tempo livre, no lazer, no acesso às novas tecnologias da comunicação e da informação e nas aspirações para o futuro.
ESPAÇOS DE RESERVA DO CAPITAL NA ORLA OESTE DE FORTALEZA: DEMANDAS PARA LAZER E TURISMO
Authors: Coriolano Luzia Neide , Parente Karlos Markes
Published: December 2014

Esta pesquisa investiga as transformações de uso do solo urbano de Fortaleza, especificamente da Orla Oeste para lazer, turismo e políticas de gestão de elementos produtores do espaço, bem como os conflitos de interesses e contradições de esferas públicas e privadas com relação às políticas territoriais. Por meio desses conflitos, analisam-se os modos de apropriação da Orla Oeste, espaço de reserva do capital, em contraponto à Orla Leste, que se caracteriza como espaço de turismo globalizado e, visando à modernização tipicamente capitalista, confere grandes transformações à paisagem urbana. Examina-se criticamente o avanço da especulação imobiliária sobre esse espaço de reserva da cidade por meio de enclaves socioespaciais. Para tanto, realidades socioeconômicas do Resort Marina Park Hotel, considerado nessa pesquisa como enclave de riqueza em área de miséria, e do Arraial Moura Brasil, marginalizado e historicamente conhecido como zona de prostituição, são confrontadas. Pelas políticas públicas, privadas e alternativas de lazer e turismo na produção do espaço, avaliam-se as demandas de espaços de lazer e cultura, sobretudo, de citadinos
PATRIMÔNIO CULTURAL E TURISMO: UM ESTUDO DE CASO SOBRE A RELAÇÃO ENTRE A POPULAÇÃO PARNAIBANA E O COMPLEXO PORTO DAS BARCAS
Authors: Perinotto Andre Riani Costa , Santos Anna Karolina Pereira dos
Published: December 2014

A atividade turística assume um papel muito importante dentro da sociedade. Além de proporcionar desenvolvimento através da geração de emprego e renda pode se tornar um grande incentivador da cultura e, por conseguinte valorização do patrimônio histórico cultural de um povo. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a sensibilização e a valorização histórico-cultural que a população parnaibana atribuiu ao Porto das Barcas, bem como caracterizar o nível de conhecimento sobre sua história, para que então se entenda a razão do abandono, fenômeno cada vez mais crescente no local. Como forma de alcançar a esses objetivos, usou-se um conjunto de procedimentos para aplicar no objetivo da pesquisa, podendo destacar entre eles, entrevistas informais, utilizadas para ampliar o conhecimento sobre o assunto e questionários com perguntas abertas e fechadas, que visam uma avaliação da população local, do poder público e privado, acerca do Porto das Barcas. Fez-se uso da pesquisa bibliográfica, observação e estudo de caso, pesquisa quantitativa e qualitativa, assim como a análise SWOT para poder avaliar o objeto de estudo. Portanto, após as análises foram observados que a população de Parnaíba/PI ainda não despertou para a importância de seu patrimônio, esta observação é caracterizada pelo desinteresse da mesma em participar de projetos de revitalização do centro histórico, sendo assim tem-se como propostas a implantação de uma educação patrimonial além de um museu fotográfico que possibilite ao parnaibano interagir com o Porto.
SOBRE AFETOS E FOTOS: VOLUNTURISTAS EM UMA FAVELA CARIOCA
Authors: Freire-Medeiros Bianca , Nunes Fernanda , Campello Lívia
Published: December 2014

O artigo trata de uma forma de turismo bastante recente e ainda pouco estudada: o chamado volunturismo. Seu foco reside na interação entre três volunturistas estrangeiras e um grupo de crianças em uma favela carioca.  É nossa intenção apreender o fluxo de emoções construído por meio da produção de imagens fotográficas, cuja dinâmica nos desafia a repensar o que tem sido dito sobre as relações entre fotografia e práticas turísticas. A metodologia de pesquisa envolveu onze meses de observação participante, bem como entrevistas em profundidade com agentes qualificados (lideranças locais, volunturistas e agentes promotores), aplicação de questionários semiestruturados e realização de um grupo focal. Tanto as fotografias que compõem nosso acervo fotoetnográfico quanto as observações de campo colocam os jogos e brincadeiras como atividades centrais desenvolvidas pelas personagens apresentadas neste artigo. Se, por um lado, estávamos em busca de um entendimento das complexidades e nuances que o volunturismo envolve, por outro, destacou-se a posição ambígua na qual nós, pesquisadoras, nos encontramos ao longo da pesquisa.
POLÍTICA DE APOIO À CAPTAÇÃO DE EVENTOS INTERNACIONAIS NO BRASIL: ANÁLISE DO RANKING ICCA ENTRE 2003 E 2009
Authors: Carneiro Lais Martins , Costa Helena Araújo
Published: December 2014

O artigo analisa a relação entre o constatado aumento do número de eventos internacionais sediados no Brasil no período de 2003 a 2009, segundo o ranking da International Conference and Convention Association (ICCA), e a então implantada política federal de apoio à captação de eventos pela EMBRATUR. A metodologia do trabalho, essencialmente qualitativa, consistiu em levantamento de dados secundários aliado à pesquisa de campo por meio de entrevistas pessoais com gestores públicos da política na EMBRATUR e a questionários junto aos representantes dos Conventions Bureaux para avaliar a opinião daqueles que potencialmente se beneficiam da política e que auxiliam em sua implementação. Observou-se que, tanto na opinião institucional quanto na dos parceiros na implementação, a política de apoio figura, dentre outros motivos, como fator colaborador para o aumento do número de eventos internacionais sediados no Brasil neste período.
Mapping Community Capacity: Identifying Existing Community Assets for Supporting People with Mental Health Problems who Have Been Involved with the Criminal Justice System
Authors: Dieleman Crystal
Published: December 2014

Continuity of care is critical for people with mental health problems following a period of incarceration or forensic hospitalization––for both mental health recovery and preventing criminal recidivism. Little is known, however, about existing supports and services for the unique needs of this group of people. This case study engaged 20 community stakeholders in Halifax, Nova Scotia, in a capacity-mapping forum. In small focus groups, participants worked through a series of guided capacity-mapping activities. The findings map existing assets according to their policy mandate for providing mental health and/or criminal justice services. Critical challenges to ensuring continuity of care were described.
First ice core records of NO3− stable isotopes from Lomonosovfonna, Svalbard
Authors: Vega C. P. , Pohjola V. A. , Samyn D. , Pettersson R. , Isaksson E. , Björkman M. P. , Martma T. , Marca A. , Kaiser J.
Published: December 2014

Samples from two ice cores drilled at Lomonosovfonna, Svalbard, covering the period 1957–2009, and 1650–1995, respectively, were analyzed for NO3−concentrations, and NO3− stable isotopes (δ15N and δ18O). Post‐1950 δ15N has an average of (−6.9 ± 1.9)‰, which is lower than the isotopic signal known for Summit, Greenland but agrees with values observed in recent Svalbard snow and aerosol. Pre‐1900 δ15N has an average of (4.2 ± 1.6)‰ suggesting that natural sources, enriched in the 15 N isotope, dominated before industrialization. The post‐1950 δ18O average of (75.1 ± 4.1)‰ agrees with data from low and polar latitudes, suggesting similar atmospheric NOy (NOy = NO + NO2 + HNO3) processing pathways. The combination of anthropogenic source δ15N and transport isotope effect was estimated as −29.1‰ for the last 60 years. This value is below the usual range of NOx (NOx = NO + NO2) anthropogenic sources which is likely the result of a transport isotope effect of −32‰. We suggest that the δ15N recorded at Lomonosovfonna is influenced mainly by fossil fuel combustion, soil emissions, and forest fires; the first and second being responsible for the marked decrease in δ15N observed in the post‐1950s record with soil emissions being associated to the decreasing trend in δ15N observed up to present time, and the third being responsible for the sharp increase of δ15N around 2000.