bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reinventing the rules of engagement: three strategies for winning the information technology race
Authors: Berman Saul , Marshall Anthony
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– From interviews in 2013 with more than 875 CEOs of companies in a variety of industries from around the world, IBM researchers found that the majority of them rank technology as the top issue they expect will exert the strongest influence on their organizations and strategy. this paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach

– This report is the third installment in an ongoing Global C-suite Study, the seventeenth such IBM study to focus on the C-suite. To compile the data for the meta study, between February and June 2013, researchers met with 4,183 top executives, representing a wide range of public and private sector enterprises in more than 20 industries and 70 countries. This report focuses on the responses of more than 875 CEOs from 67 countries who participated in the meta study.

Findings

– Analysis of the interviews identified three responses proactive firms have adopted to prepare for the future: embrace disruption; build shared value; and dare to be open.

Research limitations/implications

– Create experimentation spaces. Runaway innovation requires places and spaces where people can think, interact and experiment. The creation of these innovation spaces should be a priority. These should include: physical spaces where co-located people with different backgrounds can cross-pollinate each other’s ideas; virtual spaces where large numbers of people across different locations can focus on specific topics; and the building of business ecosystems. Business environments are beginning to evolve from markets to ecosystems. Organizations that identify new ways to serve customers holistically will define new business ecosystems and benefit the most.

Practical implications

– Taking action to embrace disruption: move out of bounds. Bringing together people from different industries, backgrounds, regions – and even generations – will be essential to predict and respond to new competitive threats. Expanding partnerships to deepen innovation capabilities will speed the discovery of new technologies and new business models.

Originality/value

– CEOs in just about every industry have learned that customers, partners and employees that collaborate can go further, faster in an era of runaway innovation. Many are pushing the boundaries on their organizations as a result – opening up to empower collaboration among individuals and moving away from command-and-control hierarchies. In just one year the number of CEOs determined to open up their organizations has increased an astounding 27 percent.
A typology and meta-analysis of outsourcing relationship frameworks
Authors: Lyons Paul , Brennan Louis
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper was to consider 52 conceptual frameworks identified during a systematic literature review with the aim of providing insights into various aspects of outsourcing relationships. Many authors propose these frameworks to contribute to our understanding of how outsourcing relationships are conceived, operate and evolve. A meta-analysis of these frameworks was completed.

Design/methodology/approach

– The approach consisted of five stages: a systematic, but focused literature review to identify relevant frameworks; a study of the selected frameworks to enable the design of a typology of framework styles, so that frameworks adopting similar styles can be compared and analysed; grouping of the frameworks into families addressing different aspects of relationships as they form, operate and evolve; using the types (from the typology) within these family groups to facilitate a meta-analysis of each group by identifying common or contrasting themes; and deriving overall observations and identifying the most robust frameworks in each group.

Findings

– Nine framework types are identified and named as nominal categorisation, matrix, pyramid, dependency, interaction, flowchart, two-dimensional progression, life cycle and stepped. Five logical family groups were identified addressing how relationships form, operate and evolve. These groups cover the scope of outsourcing relationship, the relationship governance, the climate of the relationship, relationship tactics and relationship evolution. Common themes were identified, and overall observations were drawn. Recommendations are also provided on the frameworks which were assessed as being most robust and likely to be of most use to practitioners and researchers.

Research limitations/implications

– The study considered a representative sample of frameworks identified during a systematic review of literature relating to outsourcing relationships. However, it cannot be considered fully comprehensive, and frameworks from other sources also exist.

Practical implications

– Outsourcing success depends on the establishment and management of a constructive relationship between the client and supplier. Frameworks assist understanding of this important aspect of outsourcing.

Originality/value

– This paper provides a reference point for scholars and practitioners who are interested in outsourcing relationships and may value the sources identified and the summaries, comparisons and recommendations provided.
Through the lens of social capital: a research agenda for studying IT outsourcing
Authors: George Beena , Hirschheim Rudy , von Stetten Alexander
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– This paper proposes a new research agenda for information technology (IT) outsourcing,motivated by the belief that the social capital concept enables IT outsourcing researchers to capture more of the nuances of the client–vendor relationship in IT outsourcing arrangements.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper builds a comprehensive framework of social capital based on Nahapiet and Ghoshal (1998) to examine the IT outsourcing life cycle. Past research on IT outsourcing is examined applying the parameters of the framework to identify issues that have been addressed in research on IT outsourcing and to uncover the gaps in past research.

Findings

– The social capital framework is applied to IT outsourcing which suggests new avenues for future outsourcing research.

Research limitations/implications

– While past research has identified success factors for IT outsourcing, a significant number of outsourcing arrangement still fail to meet expectations. The research agenda presented in this paper encourages an examination of IT outsourcing from a different perspective to determine how to successfully manage IT outsourcing.

Originality/value

– The paper provides a new framework that is useful for identifying the relationships among past research in IT outsourcing as well as for identifying potential topics for future research.
Determinants of CSR standards adoption: exploring the case of ISO 26000 and the CSR performance ladder in The Netherlands
Authors: Moratis Lars , Tatang Widjaja Alice
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– This article aims to report on original empirical research on the comprehensive corporate social responsibility (CSR) standards International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 26000 and the CSR Performance Ladder and identifies determinants for the adoption of CSR standards. In addition, it reviews and adds to literature on CSR standards adoption.

Design/methodology/approach

– The empirical data were derived from interviews with CSR experts in The Netherlands.

Findings

– The findings of our research show that the demands and wishes of customers, the attitude of a company’s management, the market position of the standard-developing organization and several tangible and intangible characteristics of the standard itself are particularly relevant for the adoption of CSR standards.

Research limitations/implications

– The article aimed at reaching analytical generalization instead of statistical generalization and was focused on The Netherlands. Differences across industries and sectors were not taken into account in this exploratory study. Having said this, we still think the article provides valuable insights.

Practical implications

– Our research identifies “buttons” for policymakers trying to stimulate business to engage with CSR. It may help predict which CSR standards may surface as dominant and can also be used to inform the design and development of new CSR standards. Finally, it may also serve as input for (marketing) strategies by standardization organizations worldwide and other organizations that have taken CSR standardization initiatives as well as non-governmental organizations and even consultancies to spur the adoption of CSR standards as a means of CSR implementation.

Originality/value

– The article presents original empirical material on CSR standards adoption and contributes to the literature on this topic with insights on determinants’ CSR standards adoption.
Impact of corporate social responsibility practices on organizational performance: an ISO 26000 perspective
Authors: Valmohammadi Changiz
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– This study aims to provide reliable and valid constructs of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and a measurement instrument in the context of Iranian organizations based on the seven core subjects of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 26000 standard. It also examines the effects of these seven CSR criteria, namely, organizational governance, human rights, labor practices, the environment, fair operating practices, consumer issues and community involvement, and development on the organizational performance of Iranian organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

– Through an extensive study of literature review, the related items of these core subjects were identified. Data for the study were collected from 207 Iranian manufacturing and service firms. The research model was tested using structural equation modeling.

Findings

– Statistical analysis revealed that a number of significant relationships between CSR practices and organizational performance of Iranian organizations. The result found that community involvement and development plays an important role in enhancing organizational performance of organizations.

Research limitations/implications

– First, the time sequence of the association between the variables could not be concluded, given that cross-sectional data were used. A future study is suggested to conduct a longitudinal research design to present the evidence of causation which cannot be achieved through cross-sectional designs. Second, this study was limited to Iran. Hence, the findings and conclusions drawn from this research are representative of the Iranian context only. Hence, final results should be considered with caution.

Practical implications

– This study offers a number of implications for Iranian managers and policy-makers. First, this study identified that there is a relationship between CSR practices based on the seven core subjects of ISO 26000 and firm performance in the context of Iran. Second, the instrument developed, in this research, will be very useful to policy-makers in various industries of Iran as a tool for evaluating the effectiveness of their current CSR practices and initiatives. Third, decision-makers can also prioritize the CSR practices on which their firms should focus to improve their organizational performance.

Originality/value

– The novelty of this research is to determine the related items of the core subjects of ISO 26000 as the main factors and offer an instrument to measure the effects of various CSR practices on organizational performance of Iranian firms in the context of Iran.
Ethically constrained optimization of dynamic capabilities: towards sustainable global health
Authors: Ahen Frederick
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– This study aims to explain how sustainable global health presents an emerging new form of competition and socio-political and functional pressure for which strategic organizational renewal is a prerequisite for the organic resilience and co-evolution of pharmaceutical firms with their environment.

Design/methodology/approach

– Through a meta-theoretical analysis in which theories themselves become the unit of creative synthesis, a wider framework is developed to allow a comprehensive and nuanced reinterpretation of the neo-institutional theory and the resource-based view. In focus is the practical utility and relevance of such theories within emerging economies where pharmaceutical firms respond to market and institutional changes.

Findings

– The imperative for organizational change is very much dependent on the combination of ethically constrained managerial choices as well as entropic institutional pressures that allow firms to successfully adapt to their dynamic environment. This is achieved through legitimization and sustained competitive advantage, the results of innovation and contextually relevant differentiated value propositions.

Social implications

– Contrary to popular perceptions, recent developments demonstrate that the simultaneous pursuit of efficiency and ethical preferences is possible, irrespective of the institutional matrix within which change occurs. Managers should, therefore, tap into the niche opportunities offered by favorable entropic pressures.

Originality/value

– The novelty in this paper is the framework it provides for analyzing the massive role played by the micro-political power of managers and how the goals they pursue become fundamental to what the organization becomes as it coevolves with the turbulent era of emergent health needs.
An evaluation of an emotion regulation programme for people with an intellectual disability
Authors: McWilliams Jenna , de Terte Ian , Leathem Janet , Malcolm Sandra
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of the Transformers programme on individual's use of appropriate emotion regulation strategies.

Design/methodology/approach

– Five people with an intellectual disability participated in the Transformers programme and took part in the current study. The intervention was evaluated using the Profile of Anger Coping Skills (PACS) and incident reports. The PACS was completed by participants and their caregivers.

Findings

– The majority of participants demonstrated increases in self- and caregiver-reported use of appropriate emotion regulation strategies following their involvement in the Transformers programme. However, treatment gains were not always maintained at follow-up. Three of the participants also exhibited fewer incidents of challenging behaviour after taking part in the programme.

Originality/value

– Overall, the results provide preliminary support for the continued use of the Transformers programme with people with an intellectual disability who have emotion regulation difficulties. It is recommended that further research be carried out with a larger sample size, a control group, and a longer follow-up period.
Destination leadership: leadership for territorial development
Authors: Kozak Metin , Volgger Michael , Pechlaner Harald
Published: November 2014

Purpose

This paper aims to provide an original body of work that presents and discusses the theory that destination leadership is about proactively shaping the future development of destinations and territories. This is the second part of the special issue of Tourism Review on destination leadership.

Design/methodology/approach

This editorial introduces the papers included and highlights a few general thoughts about the interplay between destination leadership and territorial development.

Findings

This introduction summarizes how the papers in this special issue contribute to two streams of research: first, the papers reflect on the necessity of adapting the specific form and style of destination leadership to the development status of a destination. Second, papers highlight that local stakeholders, local knowledge and the local context, in general, have a high impact on destination leadership.

Originality/value

By summarizing and condensing the various contributions to this special issue, the editorial introduction highlights that destination leadership is about proactively shaping the future of tourist destinations. Furthermore, it argues that this development needs to respect local networks, territorial characteristics, histories and contexts. Therefore, tailoring destination leadership to their own territories seems to be an essential success factor, and in the future, we may want to define Alpine destination leadership, island destination leadership, city destination leadership, etc.
The importance of being local: prioritizing knowledge in recruitment for destination development
Authors: Åberg Kajsa G.
Published: November 2014

Purpose

The paper aims to illuminate the discrepancy between the need for knowledge as found in prior research and the requirements formulated by those taking part in destination development. The results are intended to contribute to further research on the role of knowledge in destination management when performed as a strategy for regional development.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on theories within epistemology and tourism, an interview structure was developed and used in 10 in-depth interviews, with a qualitative approach through open-ended questions. This was complemented by a mapping of specific background factors through enquiries with 23 respondents. The paper follows an explorative approach to illuminate one aspect within the research area of destination development.

Findings

It was found that when recruiting much significance is put on understanding the structures of involved actors and local rooting. In contrast to theoretical findings, specific knowledge was not a prioritized requirement, neither in tourism nor marketing. Hence, there is a gap between what is perceived as needed for destination development according to academia and how it is being performed by practitioners.

Research limitations/implications

The study is limited in geography and context. Because the research design was showed to be successful in capturing significant aspects, it is proposed for use in further research.

Practical implications

The paper deepens the understanding of factors explaining success and impediments of destination development. It underlines the need for bridging the gap between theory and practice.

Originality/value

This work addresses a vital, but not fully explored, aspect of an extensively implemented strategy for regional development.
Holiday intentions of Portuguese residents: a profile analysis for the years 2010 to 2014
Authors: Gomes João , Rodrigues Daniela , Montenegro Mónica , Costa Jorge
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– This article aims to identify the holiday intentions of Portuguese residents, highlighting the importance and evolution of the internal market and the constraints that lead to a significant decrease of those taking holidays in recent years.

Design/methodology/approach

– The article is based on official tourism statistics and on an ongoing research by Instituto de Planeamento e Desenvolvimento do Turismo (IPDT) on “the holiday intentions of Portuguese residents regarding summer holidays”.

Findings

– The article finds that tourism in Portugal continues to grow and, in 2013, witnessed a record number of foreign tourists. Despite this success, domestic tourism showed a decrease, explained by the context of economic crisis that affects the country since 2009. However, other reasons such as professional commitments, and the avoidance of peak season for summer holidays, are also referred as reasons for not taking summer holidays.

Practical implications

– Results allow for a clear understanding of Portuguese residents’ profile regarding holiday intentions for summer holidays. The information presented and analyzed may be seen as very relevant in assisting decision makers in their strategy making process.

Originality/value

– This article seeks to illustrate the holiday intentions of the Portuguese residentes in a comparative study carried out over a three-year period. The results allow drawing conclusions about the tourism behavior of residents in Portugal during a severe economic crisis.
Tourist destination Azores
Authors: Fraga Vítor
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how the Azores are overcoming the challenges and less favourable conditions arising from the economic crisis.

Design/methodology/approach

– The article is based on information drawn from official national and regional sources.

Findings

– The positive evolution that was taking place in the Azorean tourism was naturally affected by the financial and economic crisis. In recent years, the Archipelago has been enjoying visibility as a tourist destination and is increasingly standing out as a unique destination due to its natural and landscape heritage, capable of captivating the most demanding tourists in terms of environmental quality.

Originality/value

– This article presents the perspective of the Azorean government and the responses given to the challenges caused by the economic crisis and the strategies outlined for the coming years.
Did the context of economic crisis affect the image of Portugal as a tourist destination?
Authors: Loureiro António
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to reflect on how Portugal has dealt with economic crisis with reference to the tourism industry and from the perspective of a global distribution systems (GDS) operator.

Design/methodology/approach

– The article is based on information drawn from official information sources and relevant data from Travelport.

Findings

– In recent years, Portugal has developed a positive image in its source markets as a result of a refined strategy and because of the intrinsic quality of its offer and price competitiveness, thus making it an attractive destination. Now the challenge is to maintain the pace and actions in support of Portugal’s image, thereby ensuring its sustainability, with particular attention to security and the maintenance and cleanliness of public spaces.

Originality/value

– This article presents the perspective of a GDS operator with respect to the impacts of the Portuguese economic crisis on tourism and the responses made to address these challenges, thereby highlighting the resilience of tour operators.
Genome‐wide scans of genetic variants for psychophysiological endophenotypes: Introduction to this special issue of Psychophysiology
Authors: Iacono William G.
Published: November 2014

This special issue addresses the heritability and molecular genetic basis of 17 putative endophenotypes involving resting EEG power, P300 event‐related potential amplitude, electrodermal orienting and habituation, antisaccade eye tracking, and affective modulation of the startle eye blink. These measures were collected from approximately 4,900 twins and parents who provided DNA samples through their participation in the Minnesota Twin Family Study. Included are papers that detail the methodology followed, genome‐wide association analyses of single nucleotide polymorphisms and genes, analysis of rare variants in the human exome, and a whole genome sequencing study. Also included are 11 articles by leading experts in psychophysiology and genetics that provide perspective and commentary. A final integrative report summarizes findings and addresses issues raised. This introduction provides an overview of the aims and rationale behind these studies.
Molecular genetic psychophysiology: A perspective on the Minnesota contribution
Authors: de Geus Eco J. C.
Published: November 2014

Progress in molecular genetic psychophysiology, on display in this special issue, shows that the affective and cognitive processes tagged by psychophysiological endophenotypes are highly polygenic. Identifying overlap in the genetic variants that influence these endophenotypes as well as behavioral traits can help us understand where in the brain, in which stage, and during what type of information processing these variants play a role in normal and abnormal behavior. The Minnesota Twin Family Study has demonstrated that the assessment of genetic markers and extensive psychophysiological experimentation can be done at a genetic epidemiological scale, that is, in thousands of subjects. A genome‐wide association meta‐analysis consortium consisting of psychophysiological research teams following the Minnesotan example is the obvious next step.
Do our “big data” in genetic analysis need to get bigger?
Authors: Baker Laura A.
Published: November 2014

Individual papers in this special issue might seem disappointing in their lack of discovery of specific genes of potential relevance to mental disorders. Yet, collectively, they yield information that could not be gleaned otherwise. Combining genome‐wide complex trait analysis and classic approaches to estimate heritability in the same sample, and supplementing genome‐wide association studies of common variants with exome and sequencing analyses, provides an unprecedented opportunity to examine major issues encountered in genetic research of complex traits, in ways not easily done with a series of unrelated studies using different samples, measures, and analytical approaches. Extending molecular genetic approaches to fully multivariate analyses will be an important future direction. These will require bigger analyses of even bigger big data, but will be essential in efforts to redefine psychopathology in the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approach promoted in the NIMH strategic plan.
Decomposing P300 to identify its genetic basis
Authors: Ford Judith M.
Published: November 2014

In this commentary, I explore reasons why it has been difficult to associate P300 amplitude with a gene or a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). I suggest we decompose P300 into the factors that contribute to it to get better traction on its genetic basis. Specifically, I note that we can improve the measurement of P300 to remove state‐dependent contributions by including more than one measurement occasion; we can identify and extract the neural components contributing to P300 amplitude by estimating EEG power in specific bands of the P300; we can adjust P300 for single‐trial variability; we can extract single‐trial variability; and we can refine the tasks to isolate the separate psychological processes that P300 reflects. In the end, each of these factors that contribute to the conglomerate P300 may be a separate endophenotype mapping onto a separate SNP or gene.
The genetic architecture of psychophysiological phenotypes
Authors: Munafò Marcus R. , Flint Jonathan
Published: November 2014

It is now clear that almost all complex traits have a highly polygenic component; that is, their genetic basis consists of relatively frequent risk alleles at a very large number of loci, each making a small contribution to variation, or disease susceptibility. This general conclusion appears to hold for intermediate phenotypes. Therefore, we should not expect these phenotypes to be associated with substantially larger effect sizes than conventional phenotypes. Instead, their usefulness is likely to lie in understanding the mechanism underpinning associations identified via genome‐wide association studies of conventional phenotypes.
Genetics, neuroscience, and psychopathology: Clothing the emperor
Authors: Patrick Christopher J.
Published: November 2014

This ground‐breaking series of articles reports findings from genome‐wide analyses of endophenotypic indicators of psychopathology including electrocortical activity/reactivity, electrodermal and startle blink responses, and neurocognitive task performance. Findings challenge the long‐held notion that endophenotypes more clearly reflect the impact of specific genes than referent clinical phenotypes. Implications for the concept of endophenotypes and biological psychopathology research more broadly are discussed.
On the Application of Homotopy Perturbation Method for Solving Systems of Linear Equations
Authors: Edalatpanah S. A. , Rashidi M. M.
Published: November 2014

The application of homotopy perturbation method (HPM) for solving systems of linear equations is further discussed and focused on a method for choosing an auxiliary matrix to improve the rate of convergence. Moreover, solving of convection-diffusion equations has been developed by HPM and the convergence properties of the proposed method have been analyzed in detail; the obtained results are compared with some other methods in the frame of HPM. Numerical experiment shows a good improvement on the convergence rate and the efficiency of this method.
Postoperative “Chimney” for Unintentional Renal Artery Occlusion after EVAR
Authors: Franchin Marco , Fontana Federico , Piacentino Filippo , Tozzi Matteo , Piffaretti Gabriele
Published: November 2014

Renal artery obstruction during endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm using standard device is a rare but life-threatening complication and should be recognized and repaired rapidly in order to maintain renal function. Both conventional surgery and endovascular stenting have been reported. We report a case of late postoperative bilateral “chimney” to resolve a bilateral thrombosis of the renal artery following an uncomplicated endovascular aortic repair.
Profile, Outcomes, and Determinants of Unsuccessful Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes among HIV-Infected Tuberculosis Patients in a Nigerian State
Authors: Oshi Daniel Chukwunweolu , Oshi Sarah Nakalema , Alobu Isaac , Ukwaja Kingsley Nnanna
Published: November 2014

Background. Few studies have evaluated the rate of tuberculosis (TB)/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection and the determinants of its treatment outcomes in Africa. We aimed to determine the predictors of unsuccessful treatment outcomes in HIV-infected tuberculosis patients in Nigeria.Methods. A retrospective cohort study design was used to assess adult TB/HIV patients who registered for TB treatment in two health facilities in Ebonyi State, Southeast Nigeria, between January 2011 and December 2012. Predictors of unsuccessful treatment outcomes were determined using multivariable logistic regression analysis.Results. Of 1668 TB patients, 342 (20.5%) were HIV coinfected. Of these, 195 (57%) had smear-negative pulmonary TB and 11 (3.2%) had extrapulmonary TB. Overall, 225 (65.8%) patients achieved successful outcomes, while 117 (34.2%) had unsuccessful outcomes. The unsuccessful treatment outcomes were due to “default” (9.9%), “death” (19%), “treatment failure” (1.5%), and “transferring out” (3.8%). Independent determinants for unsuccessful outcomes were receiving care at a public facility and noninitiation of antiretroviral therapy.Conclusion. There is need for the reevaluation of the quality of public sector treatment services provided for TB/HIV patients as well as further expansion of TB/HIV collaborative activities in rural areas, and interventions to reduce mortality and default rates among TB/HIV patients are urgently needed in Nigeria.
Modulation of Physical Activity to Optimize Pain Sensation following an Intra-Articular Corticosteroid Injection in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Dessery Yoann , Belzile Étienne L. , Turmel Sylvie , Doré Jean , Diallo Binta , Corbeil Philippe
Published: November 2014

Background. Intra-articular corticosteroid injection is often used to relieve pain caused by knee osteoarthritis. This study aims to assess the impact after an intra-articular corticosteroid injection treatment on objective and subjective measurement of physical function in knee osteoarthritis patients.Methods. Fourteen patients with unilateral knee osteoarthritis participated in this open-label uncontrolled trial. The intra-articular corticosteroid injection was given at the end of the second week. Physical activity was objectively measured by an accelerometer worn by the participants for eight weeks. Symptoms, quality of life and spatiotemporal parameters of gait were assessed every two weeks.Results. From the injection until six weeks later, pain and stiffness were reduced by approximately 60%. Patients’ daily physical activity time was significantly improved after injection: participation in light and moderate physical activities increased during four and two weeks, respectively.Conclusions. The beneficial effects after the intra-articular corticosteroid injection are visible in the duration and intensity of the knee osteoarthritis patients’ daily physical activity. However, these effects declined gradually two weeks after injection. Modulating the intensity and duration of physical activity would allow patients to optimize pain sensation over a longer period following an intra-articular corticosteroid injection.Trial Registration. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials:NCT02049879.
Moisture Sorption Behaviour and Mould Ecology of Trade Garri Sold in South Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Samuel Tochukwu , Ugwuanyi J. Obeta
Published: November 2014

Garri is a creamy white or yellow starchy grit produced by roasting to gelatinization and dryness of peeled, washed, mashed, and fermented dewatered cassava roots. It is the most important product of cassava in West and Central Africa. Mean moisture content of yellow and white garri was 11.11% and 10.81% within 24 hrs of sampling from the market, increasing to 17.27% and 16.14%, respectively, following 3 months of storage at room temperature. The water activity of samples varied from initial 0.587 to 0.934 following storage. Moisture sorption isotherms, determined by static gravimetric techniques at 20° and 30°C, showed temperature dependent BET Sigmoidal type II behaviour typical of carbohydrate rich foods but modulated very slightly by the content of palm oil. Equilibrium moisture content decreased with increase in temperature at constant water activity. A total of 10 fungal species belonging to the generaMucor,Penicillium,Cephalosporium,Aspergillus,Scopulariopsis,Rhizopus, and Paecilomyceswere identified, with range increasing with water activity of samples.
Unpredicted Sudden Death due to Recurrent Infratentorial Hemangiopericytoma Presenting as Massive Intratumoral Hemorrhage: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Tanaka Toshihide , Kato Naoki , Hasegawa Yuzuru , Murayama Yuichi
Published: November 2014

Unpredicted sudden death arising from hemangiopericytoma with massive intracranial hemorrhage is quite rare. We encountered a patient with recurrent infratentorial hemangiopericytoma presenting as life-threatening massive intracerebral hemorrhage. A 43-year-old man who had undergone craniotomy for total resection of an infratentorial hemangiopericytoma 17 months earlier presented with morning headache and generalized convulsions. Computed tomography revealed a massive hematoma in the right infratentorial region causing tonsillar herniation and emergency surgery was performed to evacuate the hematoma. Histological findings revealed hemangiopericytoma with hemorrhage. Neurological status remained unimproved and brain death was confirmed postoperatively. Hemangiopericytoma presenting as massive hemorrhage is quite rare. Since the risk of life-threatening massive hemorrhage should be considered, careful postoperative long-term follow-up is very important to identify tumor recurrences, particularly in the posterior cranial fossa, even if the tumor is completely removed.
Recent Developments in Diagnosis and Care for Girls in Turner Syndrome
Authors: Bondy Carolyn
Published: November 2014

The past decade produced important advances in molecular genetic techniques potentially supplanting the traditional cytogenetic diagnosis of Turner syndrome (TS). Rapidly evolving genomic technology is used to screen 1st trimester pregnancies for sex chromosomal anomalies including TS, and genomic approaches are suggested for the postnatal diagnosis of TS. Understanding the interpretation and limitations of new molecular tests is essential for clinicians to provide effective counseling to parents or patients impacted by these tests. Recent studies have advanced the concept that X chromosome genomic imprinting influences expression of the Turner phenotype and contributes to gender differences in brain size and coronary disease. Progress in cardiovascular MRI over the past decade has dramatically changed our view of the scope and criticality of congenital heart disease in TS. Cardiac MRI is far more effective than transthoracic echocardiography in detecting aortic valve abnormalities, descending aortic aneurysm, and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return; recent technical advances allow adequate imaging in girls as young as seven without breath holding or sedation. Finally, important developments in the area of gynecological management of girls and young women with TS are reviewed, including prognostic factors that predict spontaneous puberty and potential fertility and recent practice guidelines aimed at reducing cardiovascular risk for oocyte donation pregnancies in TS.
Compact Shorted Stacked-Patch Antenna Integrated with Chip-Package Based on LTCC Technology
Authors: Li Yongjiu , Li Long , Dai Xiwang , Zhu Cheng , Huo Feifei , Dong Gang
Published: November 2014

A low profile chip-package stacked-patch antenna is proposed by using low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) technology. The proposed antenna employs a stacked-patch to achieve two operating frequency bands and enhance the bandwidth. The height of the antenna is decreased to 4.09 mm (aboutλ/25 at 2.45 GHz) due to the shorted pin. The package is mounted on a 44 × 44 mm2ground plane to miniaturize the volume of the system. The design parameters of the antenna and the effect of the antenna on chip-package cavity are carefully analyzed. The designed antenna operates at a center frequency of 2.45 GHz and its impedance bandwidth(S11< -10 dB)is 200 MHz, resulting from two neighboring resonant frequencies at 2.41 and 2.51 GHz, respectively. The average gain across the frequency band is about 5.28 dBi.
Energy-Efficient Adaptive Routing and Context-Aware Lifetime Maximization in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Wan Shaohua
Published: November 2014

We design and implement a Bezier-based multipath routing algorithm that allows a given source node to send samples of data to a given sink node in large scale sensor networks. Multipath routing can distribute the energy load onto the multiple routes and thus increase the lifetime and quality of the network. It is important to stress the fact that evenly regulating the routing task among the more nodes of the network can also protect a node from failure considering that a node with heavy duty is likely to deplete its power quickly. On the contrary, all the traffic would be shipped along the shortest path routing, corresponding to the heavily congested path case, which in turn leads to overload of the nodes along the optimal routes between the sink and source pair and finally shortens the lifetime of the network. Also, multipath routing can increase end-to-end throughput and provide load balancing. Our view is that minimizing energy consumption while meeting acceptable latency for applications can lead to significant power savings. Our simulation results demonstrate that Bezier-based multipath routing approach significantly outperforms previous SWEEP, Tributaries and Deltas, and the shortest path approaches in terms of lifetime and latency.
Cadmium Increases the Sensitivity of Adolescent Female Mice to Nicotine-Related Behavioral Deficits
Authors: Adeniyi Philip Adeyemi , Olatunji Babawale Peter , Ishola Azeez Olakunle , Ajonijebu Duyilemi Chris , Ogundele Olalekan Michael
Published: November 2014

This study investigates spatial and nonspatial working memory, anxiety related behavior, and motor activities in cadmium and/or nicotine exposed female adolescent mice. P28 female adolescent mice (albino strain) were divided into four groups of five (n=5) mice each. A set of mice (Nic) received subcutaneous nicotine (2.0 mg/kg) while a separate set (Cd) was treated with 2.0 mg/kg cadmium (subcutaneous). For the combined treatments of cadmium and nicotine, we administered 2.0 mg/kg Nicotine and 2.0 mg/kg of Cd. Subsequently, a separate group of animals (n=5; control) received normal saline. The total duration of treatment for all groups was 28 days (P28–P56). At P56, the treatment was discontinued, after which the animals were examined in behavioural tests. Nicotine and cadmium increased the metabolism and food intake in the female adolescent mice. This also corresponded to an increase in weight when compared with the control. However, a combined nicotine-cadmium treatment induced a decline in weight of the animals versus the control. Also, nicotine administration increased the motor function, while cadmium and nicotine-cadmium treatment caused a decline in motor activity. Both nicotine and cadmium induced a reduction in memory index; however, nicotine-cadmium treatment induced the most significant decrease in nonspatial working memory.
Myeloid Sarcoma: A Rare Case of an Orbital Mass Mimicking Orbital Pseudotumor Requiring Neurosurgical Intervention
Authors: Payne Christopher , Olivero William C. , Wang Bonnie , Moon Seong-Jin , Farahvar Arash , Chen Eric , Wang Huan
Published: November 2014

Objective. A rare case of myeloid sarcoma (MS), previously referred to as granulocytic sarcoma or chloroma, is presented. Representing a unique form of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), MS may rarely occur in adults. Even rarer, MS may occur as the initial presentation of AML.Methods. We report a singular and illustrative case of an orbital pseudotumor mimicking mass in a 65-year-old male as the initial presentation of AML.Results. Neurosurgical intervention was required to establish the definitive diagnosis via right modified orbitofrontozygomatic craniotomy as well as to decompress the optic canal, superior orbital fissure, and orbit.Conclusion. Postoperatively, he reported decreased pain and improvement of his vision. Further examination revealed decreased proptosis and improved extraocular mobility. Pathological findings demonstrated MS. We review the literature and discuss the neurosurgical relevance of MS as the initial presentation of AML.
An Efficient, Clean, and Catalyst-Free Synthesis of Fused Pyrimidines Using Sonochemistry
Authors: Mamaghani M. , Tabatabaeian K. , Araghi R. , Fallah A. , Hossein Nia R.
Published: November 2014

In this report, synthesis of indenopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine and pyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline derivatives was investigated via one-pot three-component reaction between 6-amino-2-(alkylthio)-pyrimidin-4(3H)one, 1,3-indanedione, or 1,3-cyclohexadione and arylaldehyde under ultrasonic irradiation in ethylene glycol as solvent at 65°C. In these reactions fused pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized with high to excellent yields (82–97%) and short reaction times (10–33 min).
A Joint Doppler Frequency Shift and DOA Estimation Algorithm Based on Sparse Representations for Colocated TDM-MIMO Radar
Authors: Chen Tao , Wu Huanxin , Liu Lutao
Published: November 2014

We address the problem of a new joint Doppler frequency shift (DFS) and direction of arrival (DOA) estimation for colocated TDM-MIMO radar that is a novel technology applied to autocruise and safety driving system in recent years. The signal model of colocated TDM-MIMO radar with few transmitter or receiver channels is depicted and “time varying steering vector” model is proved. Inspired by sparse representations theory, we present a new processing scheme for joint DFS and DOA estimation based on the new input signal model of colocated TDM-MIMO radar. An ultracomplete redundancy dictionary for angle-frequency space is founded in order to complete sparse representations of the input signal. The SVD-SR algorithm which stands for joint estimation based on sparse representations using SVD decomposition with OMP algorithm and the improved M-FOCUSS algorithm which combines the classical M-FOCUSS with joint sparse recovery spectrum are applied to the new signal model’s calculation to solve the multiple measurement vectors (MMV) problem. The improved M-FOCUSS algorithm can work more robust than SVD-SR and JS-SR algorithms in the aspects of coherent signals resolution and estimation accuracy. Finally, simulation experiments have shown that the proposed algorithms and schemes are feasible and can be further applied to practical application.
Mesenteric Inflammatory Venoocclusive Disease in a Patient with Sjögren’s Syndrome
Authors: Rios-Fernández Raquel , Callejas-Rubio José-Luis , Caba-Molina Mercedes , Ríos-Peregrina Rosa , Ortego-Centeno Norberto
Published: November 2014

Mesenteric inflammatory venoocclusive disease is an uncommon cause of intestinal ischemia. Certain diseases, such as hypercoagulation disorders, autoimmune diseases, or drugs have been associated with the pathogenesis of mesenteric inflammatory venoocclusive disease. Here, we report a patient with Sjögren’s syndrome who underwent surgery for suspected acute appendicitis with a subsequent pathological diagnosis of mesenteric inflammatory venoocclusive disease.
On the Use of an Algebraic Signature Analyzer for Mixed-Signal Systems Testing
Authors: Geurkov Vadim , Kirischian Lev
Published: November 2014

We propose an approach to design of an algebraic signature analyzer that can be used for mixed-signal systems testing. The analyzer does not contain carry propagating circuitry, which improves its performance as well as fault tolerance. The common design technique of a signature analyzer for mixed-signal systems is based on the rules of an arithmetic finite field. The application of this technique to the systems with an arbitrary radix is a challenging task and the devices designed possess high hardware complexity. The proposed technique is simple and applicable to systems of any size and radix. The hardware complexity is low. The technique can also be used in arithmetic/algebraic coding and cryptography.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Nonoperatively and Operatively Treated Acute Primary Patellar Dislocation in Skeletally Immature Patients
Authors: Moström Eva Bengtsson , Mikkelsen Christina , Weidenhielm Lars , Janarv Per-Mats
Published: November 2014

Purpose. The present study reports a long-term follow-up of acute primary patellar dislocation in patients with open physes. The purpose of the study was to evaluate knee function and recurrence rates after surgical and nonsurgical treatment of patellar dislocation.Methods. A total of 51 patients, including 29 girls and 22 boys, who were 9–14 years of age at the time of injury, were retrospectively evaluated. The minimum follow-up time was 5 years. Thigh muscle torque, range of motion, the squat test, the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS), the Kujala score, and the recurrence rate were registered. Radiological predisposing factors at the time of injury were determined.Results. Quality of life and sports/recreation were the most affected subscales, according to KOOS, and a reduced Kujala score was also observed in all treatment groups. The surgically treated patients had a significantly lower recurrence rate. Those patients also exhibited reduced muscle performance, with a hamstring to quadriceps ratio (H/Q) of 1.03. The recurrence rate was not correlated with knee function.Conclusions. Patellar dislocation in children influences subjective knee function in the long term. Surgery appears to reduce the recurrence rate, but subjective knee function was not restored.
Development and Application of New Quality Model for Software Projects
Authors: Karnavel K. , Dillibabu R.
Published: November 2014

The IT industry tries to employ a number of models to identify the defects in the construction of software projects. In this paper, we present COQUALMO and its limitations and aim to increase the quality without increasing the cost and time. The computation time, cost, and effort to predict the residual defects are very high; this was overcome by developing an appropriate new quality model named the software testing defect corrective model (STDCM). The STDCM was used to estimate the number of remaining residual defects in the software product; a few assumptions and the detailed steps of the STDCM are highlighted. The application of the STDCM is explored in software projects. The implementation of the model is validated using statistical inference, which shows there is a significant improvement in the quality of the software projects.