bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tailored Permeation Through ≈1 nm Thick Carbon Nanomembranes by Subtle Changes in Their Molecular Design
Authors: Stroganov Vladislav , Nöthel Tabata , Hüger Daniel , Kruk Monika , Neumann Christof , Kozieł Krzysztof , Cyganik Piotr , Turchanin Andrey
Published: October 2024

Due to their nanoscale thickness (≈1 nm) and exceptional selectivity for permeation of gases, nanomembranes made of 2D materials possess high potential for energy‐efficient nanofiltration applications. In this respect, organic carbon nanomembranes (CNMs), synthesized via electron irradiation‐induced crosslinking of aromatic self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs), are particularly attractive, as their structure can be flexibly tuned by choice of molecular precursors. However, tailored permeation of CNMs, defined by their molecular design, has not been yet demonstrated. In this work, it is shown that the permeation of helium (He), deuterium (D2) and heavy water (D2O) for CNMs synthesized from biphenyl‐based SAMs on silver (C6H5‐C6H4‐(CH2)n‐COO/Ag, n = 2–6) can be tuned by orders of magnitude by changing the structure of the molecular precursors by just a single methylene unit. The selectivity in permeation of D2O/D2 with an unprecedented value of 200 000 can be achieved in this way. The temperature‐dependent study reveals a clear correlation between the molecular design and the permeation mechanisms facilitating therewith tailored synthesis of molecular 2D materials for separation technologies.
3D Network of Liquid Metal‐Embedded Graphene via Surface Coating for Flexible Thermal Management
Authors: Luo Wenmei , Wei Baojie , Luo Tianlin , Li Baowen , Zhu Guimei
Published: October 2024

The rapid growth of flexible electronics has led to significant demand for relevant accessories, particularly highly efficient flexible heat dissipators. The fluidity of liquid metal (LM) makes it a candidate for realizing flexible thermal interface materials (TIMs). However, it is still challenging to combine LM with a conductive thermal network to achieve the synchronous improvement of thermal conductivity and flexibility. In this work, highly conductive flexible LM@GN/ANF films are made by coating LM nano‐droplets with graphene nanosheets (GN) via sonication, and then they are combined with aramid nanofibers (ANF). The LM@GN/ANF film is found to have a thermal conductivity of 5.67 W m−1 K−1 and a 24.5% reduction in Young's modulus, making it suitable for various flexible electronic applications such as wearable devices and biosensors.
Single‐Atom Catalysts with Isolated Cu1‐N4 Sites for Atopic Dermatitis Cascade Catalytic Therapy via Activating PPAR Signaling
Authors: Kuai Le , Huang Fang , Mao Lijie , Ru Yi , Jiang Jingsi , Song Jiankun , Chen Si , Li Ke , Li Yongyong , Dong Haiqing , Lu Xiangyu , Li Bin , Shi Jianlin
Published: October 2024

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common allergic skin disorders affecting over 230 million people worldwide, while safe and efficient therapeutic options for AD are currently rarely available. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation plays a key role in AD's disease progression. Therefore, a novel single‐atom catalyst is designed with isolated Cu1‐N4 sites anchored on carbon support (Cu1‐N4 ISAC), featuring triple antioxidant enzyme‐mimicking activities, for efficient AD cascade catalytic therapy (CCT). The excellent superoxide dismutase (SOD)‐, glutathione peroxidase (GPx)‐, and ascorbate peroxidase (APx)‐like activities of Cu1‐N4 ISACs enable the sequential conversion of O2•− to H2O2 and then to harmless H2O, thereby protecting keratinocytes from oxidative stress damage. Notably, two novel experimental methods are developed to directly prove the SOD‐GPx and SOD‐APx cascade catalytic activities for the first time. In vivo experiments show that Cu1‐N4 ISACs are more potent than a recommended typical medicine (halcinonide solution). Additionally, RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis reveal that Cu1‐N4 ISACs reduce inflammation and inhibit ROS production by activating PPAR signaling, which is aberrantly reduced in AD. Therefore, the synthesized catalytic medicine offers an alternative to alleviate AD and has the potential to serve as PPAR agonists for treating similar diseases.
Roll‐to‐Roll Deposition of Wide‐Bandgap CsFAPbBr3 Perovskite Solar Cells in Ambient Air with Optimized Ink Formulation
Authors: Jafarzadeh Farshad , Dong Lirong , Jang Dongju , Wagner Michael , Koch Giulio , Qiu Shudi , Feroze Sarmad , Cerrillo José Garcia , Brabec Christoph J. , Di Carlo Aldo , Brunetti Francesca , Egelhaaf Hans‐Joachim , Matteocci Fabio
Published: October 2024

The growing demand for sustainable energy solutions has made the development of scalable, efficient, and cost‐effective perovskite solar cells (PSCs) increasingly important. Wide‐bandgap perovskites (WB‐PSCs) stand out due to their efficiency in low‐light conditions and their use in tandem solar cells. WB‐PSCs are currently behind conventional PSCs in upscaling, with limited success in printing wide bandgap PSCs. Developing upscaling methods is essential to fully realize their potential in the renewable energy sector. This research addresses the development of roll‐to‐roll (R2R) slot‐die coating of Cs0.05FA0.95PbBr3‐based WB‐PSCs by focusing on improving the film formation process and ink formulation. By adding optimal concentration of CsBr and performing in situ characterization, we obtained Cs0.05FA0.95PbBr3 films with enhanced morphology and crystallinity in ambient conditions (50% RH), without inducing secondary phase formation. In addition, slot‐die coating defects are eliminated through introducing DMSO: Butanol (9:1) solvent system. The R2R coated wide‐bandgap PSCs reaches a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 8.97% under 1‐sun conditions and 18.3% PCE under indoor conditions. The corresponding R2R coated modules with a 5 × 5 cm2 active area achieve a PCE of 5.8%, representing a crucial step towards the high‐throughput, cost‐effective production of perovskite solar modules.
Lower–Middle Ordovician brachiopods from the Eastern Cordillera of Peru: evidence of active faunal dispersal across Rheic and Iapetus oceans
Authors: Colmenar Jorge , Chacaltana César Augusto , Gutiérrez‐Marco Juan Carlos
Published: October 2024

New Floian and early middle Darriwilian brachiopod assemblages of the San José Formation of the Eastern Cordillera of Peru are presented. A new genus and species, Apurimella santiagoi, and two new species, Phragmorthis henrylunae and Nocturnellia ashaninka, are described. The assemblages also contain additional characteristic taxa demonstrating links with other proto‐Andean localities (Peruvian Altiplano, Argentinian Eastern Cordillera, Famatina) as well as with some localities of Baltica (Estonia, Ingria, Norway), Ganderia (Anglesey, Tramore, Indian Bay, Summerford, Miramichi), peri‐Laurentia (Mayo, Svalbard) and Laurentia (Klamath Mountains). Those shared genera indicate dynamic faunal exchanges between the Peruvian Eastern Cordillera and these terranes during the Early–Middle Ordovician transition, suggesting active brachiopod dispersal mechanisms across the Rheic and Iapetus oceans. These connections seem to have still been active by the middle Darriwilian, as suggested by the presence of Phragmorthis in the Darriwilian assemblages of Cuyania and Laurentia. Similarly, the new Peruvian Nocturnellia species is of particular interest, given that this genus is likely to have originated in South China during the Floian, but extended its distribution to Avalonia and to high‐latitude peri‐Gondwana by the Dapingian. It thrived there until the middle Darriwilian, but by that time had also reached the proto‐Andean margin either via Avalonia across the Rheic Ocean or along the Gondwanan coast from high‐latitude settings. All of these occurrences improve our knowledge of Early–Middle Ordovician brachiopod faunas of the northern Central Andean Basin and their relationships with contemporaneous faunas worldwide.
Common origin of dark matter and leptogenesis in U(1)B−L
Authors: Liu Ang , Shao Feng-Lan , Han Zhi-Long , Jin Yi , Li Honglei
Published: October 2024

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the common parameter space of dark matter and leptogenesis in the U(1)B−L symmetry. This model involves a complex scalar ϕ, sterile neutrinos N, and Majorana dark matter χ, where only dark matter χ is charged under the Z2 symmetry. Masses of N and χ are generated via the Yukawa interactions to ϕ after breaking of the U(1)B−L symmetry. TeV scale sterile neutrinos N are responsible for the generation of baryon asymmetry through the resonance leptogenesis mechanism. The new particles in the U(1)B−L have a significant impact on the dilution of N, thus on leptogenesis. Meanwhile, the annihilation processes of dark matter χ are almost identical to that of N, which indicates that both leptogenesis and dark matter are closely related to satisfying the observed results simultaneously. Under various theoretical and experimental constraints, the viable common parameter space of dark matter and leptogenesis is obtained for both global and local U(1)B−L symmetry.
On the class $$ \mathcal{S} $$ origin of spindle solutions
Authors: Bomans Pieter , Couzens Christopher
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We analyse the backreacted geometry corresponding to a stack of M5-branes wrapped on a spindle, with a view towards precision tests of the dual $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 superconformal field theory. We carefully study the singular loci of the uplifted geometry and show that these correspond to C3/Zn conical singularities. Therefore, these solutions present one of the first explicit realisations of honest locally $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 preserving punctures in class $$ \mathcal{S} $$
S
. Additionally we study the symmetries and anomalies of the dual field theory through anomaly inflow and compute a variety of holographic observables including dimensions of BPS operators. This work paves the way for advancements in the study and identification of the precise dual field theories.
On (A)dS solutions from Scherk-Schwarz orbifolds
Authors: Parameswaran Susha , Serra Marco
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We investigate the existence of dS vacua in supersymmetry-breaking Scherk-Schwarz toroidal compactifications of type II string theory, using the well-understood ingredients of curvature, fluxes and 1-loop Casimir energy. Starting from the 10d equations, we derive a series of no-go theorems and existence conditions for dS, and present two explicit, fully-backreacted, solutions: a dS one, which turns out to be not under control, and an AdS one, which can be chosen at arbitrarily weak coupling and large volume by dialling the unbounded fluxes. We then use a lower-dimensional EFT description to show that any dS solution has a universal tachyon and no parametric control. The simplest AdS solutions are also perturbatively unstable. We extend the no-go theorems to slow-roll acceleration and test various swampland conjectures in our non-supersymmetric string setup. The question of numerically controlled, unstable dS is left open.
$$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM line defect Schur index and semiclassical string
Authors: Beccaria M.
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The giant graviton expansion of the line defect Schur index in four dimensional $$ \mathcal{N}4 $$
N
4
U(N) SYM was recently proposed in arXiv:2403.11543 to be captured in the dual string theory by counting fluctuations states of two half-infinite fundamental strings in AdS5 × S5 ending on the line defect and D3 brane giant. However, agreement with the gauge theory data for the defect line index at finite N required the inclusion of ad hoc extra contributions with unclear origin. We discuss the large N leading order contribution of the giant graviton expansion of the defect line index by a direct analysis of semiclassical string partition function in a twisted background. We discuss supersymmetric boundary conditions in the presence of the D3 brane and evaluate the quadratic fluctuations effective action by introducing a suitable projection of fluctuation modes. We show that the extra contributions to the single giant graviton correction found in arXiv:2403.11543 correspond to a supersymmetric Casimir energy contribution.
Higher spins and Finsler geometry
Authors: Tomasiello Alessandro
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Finsler geometry is a natural generalization of (pseudo-)Riemannian geometry, where the line element is not the square root of a quadratic form but a more general homogeneous function. Parameterizing this in terms of symmetric tensors suggests a possible interpretation in terms of higher-spin fields. We will see here that, at linear level in these fields, the Finsler version of the Ricci tensor leads to the curved-space Fronsdal equation for all spins, plus a Stueckelberg-like coupling. Nonlinear terms can also be systematically analyzed, suggesting a possible interacting structure. No particular choice of spacetime dimension is needed. The Stueckelberg mechanism breaks gauge transformations to a redundancy that does not change the geometry. This creates a serious issue: non-transverse modes are not eliminated, at least for the versions of Finsler dynamics examined in this paper.
Geometric quantum complexity of bosonic oscillator systems
Authors: Chowdhury Satyaki , Bojowald Martin , Mielczarek Jakub
Published: October 2024

Abstract

According to the pioneering work of Nielsen and collaborators, the length of the minimal geodesic in a geometric realization of a suitable operator space provides a measure of the quantum complexity of an operation. Compared with the original concept of complexity based on the minimal number of gates required to construct the desired operation as a product, this geometrical approach amounts to a more concrete and computable definition, but its evaluation is nontrivial in systems with a high-dimensional Hilbert space. The geometrical formulation can more easily be evaluated by considering the geometry associated with a suitable finite-dimensional group generated by a small number of relevant operators of the system. In this way, the method has been applied in particular to the harmonic oscillator, which is also of interest in the present paper. However, subtle and previously unrecognized issues of group theory can lead to unforeseen complications, motivating a new formulation that remains on the level of the underlying Lie algebras for most of the required steps. Novel insights about complexity can thereby be found in a low-dimensional setting, with the potential of systematic extensions to higher dimensions as well as interactions. Specific examples include the quantum complexity of various target unitary operators associated with a harmonic oscillator, inverted harmonic oscillator, and coupled harmonic oscillators. The generality of this approach is demonstrated by an application to an anharmonic oscillator with a cubic term.
Roles of electric field/time-dependent Wilson line in toroidal compactification with or without magnetic fluxes
Authors: Abe Hiroyuki , Yamada Yusuke
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We discuss the effects of electric fields along compact directions within (supersymmetric) gauge theory in $$ {\mathbb{R}}^{1,3}\times {\mathbbm{T}}^2\left(\times {\mathbbm{T}}^2\times {\mathbbm{T}}^2\right) $$

ℝ

1
,
3

×

T
2

×

T
2

×

T
2

. The electric field along compact directions is equivalent to time-dependent homogeneous configuration of Wilson line moduli, which would be relevant to physics in the early universe. In particular, we consider models with and without background magnetic fluxes, which lead to completely different effects of the electric field due to the difference in the Kaluza-Klein (KK) level structure. We show that, in the case without magnetic fluxes, the deceleration of KK momenta may cause non-perturbative KK particle production dubbed as the KK Schwinger effect, whereas in the case with magnetic flux such KK particle production does not take place but flavor structure of low energy effective theory may be affected.
Cystic Neuroblastoma: Emphasis on Gene Expression, Morphology, and Pathogenesis
Authors: Kozakewich Harry P.W. , Perez-Atayde Antonio R. , Donovan Michael J. , Fletcher Jonathan A. , Estroff Judy A. , Shamberger Robert C. , Diller Lisa
Published: October 2024

Cystic neuroblastoma (CN) is an unusual variant of neuroblastoma characterized by a grossly visible cyst(s) and almost always distinctive microcysts on light microscopy. Rarely, CN will appear solid grossly, but microcystification will be present. We examined the clinical, pathologic, and biologic features of 17 cases of CN. The majority of CN had been detected by prenatal ultrasound. The tumors were favorable stage, stroma-poor, but with low or intermediate mitotic-karyorhectic indices and had favorable biologic markers reflected by aneuploidy and by an absence of N-myc amplification and chromosome 1p deletions. However, the high trk expression typically identified in good risk tumors was absent. Although the complete natural history of CN is not fully defined, our experience suggests that some tumors progress in size, whereas others may spontaneously regress or mature. The clinical outcome is excellent, as is expected in localized and stage 4S neuroblastoma in infancy.
Understanding neurotropic enteric viruses: routes of infection and mechanisms of attenuation
Authors: Lulla Valeria , Sridhar Adithya
Published: October 2024

The intricate connection between the gut and the brain involves multiple routes. Several viral families begin their infection cycle in the intestinal tract. However, amongst the long list of viral intestinal pathogens, picornaviruses, and astroviruses stand out for their ability to transition from the intestinal epithelia to central or peripheral nervous system cells. In immunocompromised, neonates and young children, these viral infections can manifest as severe diseases, such as encephalitis, meningitis, and acute flaccid paralysis. What confers this remarkable plasticity and makes them efficient in infecting cells of the gut and the brain axes? Here, we review the current understanding of the virus infection along the gut-brain axis for some enteric viruses and discuss the molecular mechanisms of their attenuation.
An interchange property for the rooted phylogenetic subnet diversity on phylogenetic networks
Authors: Coronado Tomás M. , Riera Gabriel , Rosselló Francesc
Published: October 2024

Faith’s Phylogenetic Diversity (PD) on rooted phylogenetic trees satisfies the so-called strong exchange property that guarantees that, for every two sets of leaves of different cardinalities, a leaf can always be moved from the larger set to the smaller set in such a way that the sum of the PD values does not decrease. This strong exchange property entails a simple polynomial-time greedy solution to the PD optimization problem on rooted phylogenetic trees. In this paper we obtain an exchange property for the rooted Phylogenetic Subnet Diversity (rPSD) on rooted phylogenetic networks, which involves a more complicated exchange of leaves. We derive from it a polynomial-time greedy solution to the rPSD optimization problem on rooted semibinary level-2 phylogenetic networks.
Enhanced lymphangiogenesis in the left lateral segment of a biopsied liver during portoenterostomy for biliary atresia
Authors: Tsuruno Yudai , Sugita Koshiro , Muraji Toshihiro , Masuya Ryuta , Harumatsu Toshio , Yano Keisuke , Onishi Shun , Kawano Takafumi , Ichikawa Chihiro , Ohtani Haruo , Bitoh Yuko , Ieiri Satoshi
Published: October 2024

Purpose

We investigate the histopathology of the portal vein branches and lymphatic vessels to elucidate the mechanism of atrophy of the left lateral segment (LLS) of the liver in biliary atresia (BA).

Methods

LLS and right anterior segment (RAS) liver biopsy samples obtained during Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE) from ten consecutive patients with BA underwent histopathological investigation of the portal vein and lymphatic vessels using double chromogenic immunostaining for CD31/D2-40 and the hepatitis-like findings (HLF) score. Each parameter and clinical data were compared between prognostic groups.

Results

HLF scores in the LLS were always higher than those in the RAS. There was no difference in portal vein and lymphatic vascular morphology, whereas the number of lymphatic vessels was correlated with the fibrotic area of all specimen areas. Left-to-right ratio of the number of lymphatic vessels was correlated with the age at KPE (r = 0.784, p = 0.007) and the pre-KPE CRP value (r = 0.723, p = 0.018).

Conclusions

Lymphangiogenesis on the LLS compared to the RAS was significantly correlated with the degree of fibrosis and the age at KPE. Further investigation is warranted to clarify the causes of LLS atrophy and lymphangiogenesis relevant to immune dysregulation.
Ultra-processed food intake in toddlerhood and mid-childhood in the UK: cross sectional and longitudinal perspectives
Authors: Conway Rana E. , Heuchan Gabriella N. , Heggie Lisa , Rauber Fernanda , Lowry Natalie , Hallen Hannah , Llewellyn Clare H.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

(i) Characterize ultra-processed food (UPF) intakes in toddlerhood and mid-childhood, including identifying principal UPF sub-groups and associations with nutrient profile; (ii) explore stability and change in UPF intake between toddlerhood and mid-childhood.

Methods

Data were from children in the UK Gemini twin cohort at 21 months (n = 2,591) and 7 years (n = 592) of age. UPF intakes were estimated using diet diaries and Nova classification. Complex samples general linear or logistic regression models were used to explore associations between UPF intake, UPF sub-groups and nutrients, and changes in intake over time.

Results

The contribution of UPF to total energy was 46.9% (± 14.7) at 21 months and 59.4% (± 12.5) at 7 years. Principal UPF sub-groups were yogurts, higher-fiber breakfast cereals, and wholegrain breads in toddlerhood, and puddings and sweet cereal products and white breads in mid-childhood. At both ages, mean free sugar and sodium intakes exceeded recommended maximums and higher UPF consumption was associated with consuming more of each nutrient (P < 0.001). UPF intake was negatively associated with fat, saturated fat and protein intake in toddlerhood, and fiber intake in mid-childhood (P < 0.001). Being in the highest UPF intake quintile in toddlerhood was predictive of being in the highest quintile in mid-childhood (OR 9.40, 95%CI 3.94–22.46).

Conclusions

UPF accounted for nearly half of toddlers’ energy, increasing to 59% in mid-childhood. Higher UPF consumers had higher intakes of free sugar and sodium. UPF intake in toddlerhood was predictive of mid-childhood intake. Effective policies are needed to reduce UPF intakes in the early years.
Evaluating the accuracy and reliability of non-piezo portable ultrasound devices in postpartum care
Authors: Plöger Ruben , Behning Charlotte , Walter Adeline , Wittek Agnes , Gembruch Ulrich , Strizek Brigitte , Recker Florian
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The early diagnosis of hemorrhage via postpartum ultrasound is crucial to initiate therapy and, thus, prevent maternal death. In these critical situations rapid availability and simple transport of ultrasound devices is vital, paving the way for a  new generation of portable handheld ultrasound devices (PUD) consisting of transducers and tablets or smart phones. However, evidence to confirm the diagnostic accuracy of these new devices is still scarce.

Methods

The accuracy and reliability of these new devices in relation to established standard ultrasound devices is analyses in this pilot study by comparing diagnoses and by applying statistical analysis via Bland–Altman plots, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and Pearson correlation coefficients (PCC). One hundred patients of a university hospital were included in this study.

Results

In all cases, the same diagnosis was made regardless of the applied ultrasound device, confirming high accuracy. There was a high correlation (PCC 0.951) and excellent agreement (ICC 0.974) in the assessment of the cavum, while the assessment of the diameters of the uterus showed only a good correlation and a good agreement. Subgroup analysis for maternal weight, mode of delivery and day after delivery was performed 

Conclusion

The same diagnosis independent of the used devices and excellent results of the cavum assessment promote the use of PUDs in a clinical setting. The slightly lower accuracy in the measurement of the uterus may be caused by the PUD’s small acoustic window, reflecting one of its weaknesses. Therefore, the patient may benefit from the short time to diagnosis and the unbound location of examination, either in the delivery room, on the ward, or at home.
Cytological description of splendore-hoeppli phenomenon in an actinomycetes mycetoma in the skin of a guinea pig
Authors: Ecimovic Luka , Tvedten Harold , Lindström Lisa , Trägårdh Cecilia , Hillström Anna
Published: October 2024

A 10-month-old male guinea pig was presented with an area of alopecia and pruritus on the back. This progressed over 6 months to an ulcerated, painful skin mass. The aim of this report was to illustrate the unique cytological appearance of the Splendore-Hoeppli (SH) reaction, which has rarely been described in veterinary medicine. The mass was sampled using a fine-needle aspiration technique for cytological examination and bacteriological culture. Following cytological diagnosis and bacteriological results, the mass was surgically excised and histopathological examination was performed. Cytological examination of the mass revealed pyogranulomatous inflammation with filamentous bacteria identified by culture to be Actinomyces spp. The bacteria were often coated with a moderate amount of red to blue staining material, interpreted to represent the SH reaction. Histopathological examination confirmed the presence of the Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon (SHP). The appearance of SH in histological specimens is well described in veterinary medicine, but the cytological appearance is not well recognized. This report illustrates well the cytological description of the material which should be recognized as a part of the immune response to insult, and not be mistaken as foreign material.
Comparative assessment of the stability of buccal shelf mini-screws with and without pre-drilling- a split-mouth, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ummat Arshia , Shetty Siddarth , Desai Asavari , Nambiar Supriya , Natarajan Srikant
Published: October 2024

Objectives

To examine and compare the stability of buccal shelf mini-screws using self-drilling and pre-drilling implant placement techniques.

Methodology

It was a split-mouth, randomized controlled trial comprising of 7 patients, each receiving two buccal shelf bone screws. The screws were placed using a self-drilling protocol in one quadrant and a pre-drilling protocol in the opposing quadrant decided via coin toss randomization. Stability was examined at the time of placement and 1,2, 3 and 4 months thereafter, using the Resonance Frequency Analysis method with the Osstell Beacon TM device. The Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) obtained was then compared and assessed between both quadrants. Friedman’s Two-Way Analysis of Variance and the Wilcoxon signed rank test were utilized for the intergroup comparison. A statistically significant result was defined as one with a p-value of less than 0.05.

Results

A statistically significant difference between the mean ISQ reading in the pre-drilling and self-drilling group was observed, indicating higher stability of bone screws placed with the pre-drilling protocol. The primary stability of the buccal shelf screws decreased after placement, but the secondary stability remained stable.

Conclusion

Buccal shelf bone screws placed with a pre-drilling protocol depicted greater primary and secondary stability as compared to the self-drilling protocol, as depicted by the ISQ readings obtained. Resonance Frequency Analysis can be used as a valuable tool to assess the stability of buccal shelf bone screws.

Clinical relevance

The use of buccal shelf screws has increased tremendously over the past few years due to their myriad applications and have now become an essential part of an orthodontist’s armamentarium. It is therefore essential for clinicians to be well-informed about all aspects of their use including insertion techniques. The results of this trial indicate that the pre-drilling protocol provides better stability and therefore treatment outcomes.
Single mandibular implant study - impact on dietary habits after 5 years of observation in patients with immediate and delayed loading protocols
Authors: Blender Sarah M. , Behrendt Christoph , Fritzer Elfriede , Kappel Stefanie , Kohal Ralf J. , Luthardt Ralph G. , Frfr. v. Maltzahn Nadine , Reissmann Daniel R. , Wolfart Stefan , Kern Matthias , Passia Nicole
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Single midline implants in the edentulous mandible can be used to support existing complete dentures to improve patients’ satisfaction and masticatory efficiency. The impact on patients’ dietary habits and the influence of the loading protocol of the implants was the subject of this study.

Materials and methods

In this prospective randomized clinical trial, edentulous patients with existing complete dentures in both jaws were treated with a single midline implant in the mandible. In group A, the implants were loaded immediately, in group B the loading was delayed after three months. Patients were asked to report on their nutritional intake before implant placement and 12, 24 and 60 months after loading using a standardized two-part questionnaire.

Results

Nutritional intake regarding the frequency of consumption of the requested food items did not change significantly during the 60-months study period, regardless of the loading protocol. In contrast, the second part of the questionnaire revealed that after 60 months, there was a significant decrease in avoidance of food, that had a coarse and hard texture in both groups. This significant decrease was observable in the group A in the first 12 and 24 months and in the group B after 60 months.

Conclusion

A change in the patients’ dietary habits due to the insertion of a single midline implant in the mandible to support the existing complete denture cannot be observed, independently to the loading protocol.

Clinical relevance

Improving the chewing efficiency by single midline implants in the edentulous mandible does not lead to a change in dietary habits.
FANCD2 genome binding is nonrandom and is enriched at large transcriptionally active neural genes prone to copy number variation
Authors: Blaize Justin L. , Garzon Jada Lauren N. , Howlett Niall G.
Published: October 2024

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disease characterized by congenital abnormalities and increased risk for bone marrow failure and cancer. Central nervous system defects, including acute and irreversible loss of neurological function and white matter lesions with calcifications, have become increasingly recognized among FA patients, and are collectively referred to as Fanconi Anemia Neurological Syndrome or FANS. The molecular etiology of FANS is poorly understood. In this study, we have used a functional integrative genomics approach to further define the function of the FANCD2 protein and FA pathway. Combined analysis of new and existing FANCD2 ChIP-seq datasets demonstrates that FANCD2 binds nonrandomly throughout the genome with binding enriched at transcription start sites and in broad regions spanning protein-coding gene bodies. FANCD2 demonstrates a strong preference for large neural genes involved in neuronal differentiation, synapse function, and cell adhesion, with many of these genes implicated in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Furthermore, FANCD2 binds to regions of the genome that replicate late, undergo mitotic DNA synthesis (MiDAS) under conditions of replication stress, and are hotspots for copy number variation. Our analysis describes an important targeted role for FANCD2 and the FA pathway in the maintenance of large neural gene stability.
Tooth loss in young mice is associated with cognitive decline and femur-bone mineral density
Authors: Hatakeyama Rie , Oue Hiroshi , Yokoi Miyuki , Ishida Eri , Tsuga Kazuhiro
Published: October 2024

Osteoporosis is a prevalent disease that is associated with increased hip fractures which cause significant decline in quality of life. Tooth loss affects systemic condition such as cognitive function through various mechanism, but the link between tooth loss and femoral bone mineral density is still uncertain. This study aims to investigate whether tooth loss in young mice affects memory function and femoral bone mineral density. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 J mice were allocated randomly into the control group with sham operation and the tooth-loss group extracted all maxillary molar. Step-through passive avoidance test as cognitive function test, micro-CT analysis and western blotting analysis were performed after 1- and 2-month observation period. Step-through passive avoidance test revealed that the tooth-loss group in 2-month observation period impaired cognitive function. Additionally, micro-CT analysis revealed a significant decrease in both the length of the mandible and bone mineral density in the femur of the tooth-loss group compared to the control group. Claudin-5 level in the hippocampus, which is one of the tight junction markers in blood–brain-barrier, was significantly decreased in the tooth-loss group. The findings of our present study suggested that tooth loss impair cognitive function accompanied by reduced tight-junction marker, mandibular growth and bone mineral density of femur.
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS): recent advances and future directions
Authors: Austelle Christopher W. , Cox Stewart S. , Wills Kristin E. , Badran Bashar W.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is emerging as a unique and potent intervention, particularly within neurology and psychiatry. The clinical value of VNS continues to grow, while the development of noninvasive options promises to change a landscape that is already quickly evolving. In this review, we highlight recent progress in the field and offer readers a glimpse of the future for this bright and promising modality.

Methods

We compiled a narrative review of VNS literature using PubMed and organized the discussion by disease states with approved indications (epilepsy, depression, obesity, post-stroke motor rehabilitation, headache), followed by a section highlighting novel, exploratory areas of VNS research. In each section, we summarized the current role, recent advancements, and future directions of VNS in the treatment of each disease.

Results

The field continues to gain appreciation for the clinical potential of this modality. VNS was initially developed for treatment-resistant epilepsy, with the first depression studies following shortly thereafter. Overall, VNS has gained approval or clearance in the treatment of medication-refractory epilepsy, treatment-resistant depression, obesity, migraine/cluster headache, and post-stroke motor rehabilitation.

Conclusion

Noninvasive VNS represents an opportunity to bridge the translational gap between preclinical and clinical paradigms and may offer the same therapeutic potential as invasive VNS. Further investigation into how VNS parameters modulate behavior and biology, as well as how to translate noninvasive options into the clinical arena, are crucial next steps for researchers and clinicians studying VNS.
Cellulose nanofiber aerogels: effect of the composition and the drying method
Authors: Baraka Farida , Ganesan Kathirvel , Milow Barbara , Labidi Jalel
Published: October 2024

Highly porous and lightweight aerogels of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) have emerged as a promising class of material. This study delves into the impact of the composition (lignocellulose nanofibers–LCNFs and CNFs) and the drying methods (supercritical drying and freeze-drying) on the morphology and the properties of nanocellulose-based aerogels. The investigation evaluates the concentrations of nanofibers and the influence of lignin, a constituent of LCNFs recognized for enhancing the rigidity of plant cell walls, on the aerogel’s properties. The shrinkage rates, density, pore structure, and mechanical properties of the obtained aerogels are comprehensively compared. Supercritical drying proves advantageous for aerogel formation, resulting in materials with lower density and higher surface area than their freeze-dried counterparts at each concentration level. The use of acetone for supercritical drying contributes to reduce the shrinkage rates compared to ethanol. This decrease is attributed to the formation of a more rigid hydrogel during solvent exchange. Freeze-drying exhibits the lowest shrinkage rates and relatively higher porosity. The presence of lignin in the nanofibers influences the microstructure, yielding smoother and thicker pore walls. This study contributes to the comprehensive understanding of the intricate factors shaping nanocellulose aerogel properties, paving the way for the development of innovative and environmentally-friendly materials.
Conversing with business process-aware large language models: the BPLLM framework
Authors: Bernardi Mario Luca , Casciani Angelo , Cimitile Marta , Marrella Andrea
Published: October 2024

Traditionally, process-aware Decision Support Systems (DSSs) have been enhanced with AI functionalities to facilitate quick and informed decision-making. In this context, AI-Augmented Business Process Management Systems have emerged as innovative human-centric information systems, blending flexibility, autonomy, and conversational capability. Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly boosted such systems, showcasing remarkable natural language processing capabilities across various tasks. Despite the potential of LLMs to support human decisions in business contexts, empirical validations of their effectiveness for process-aware decision support are scarce in the literature. In this paper, we propose the Business Process Large Language Model (BPLLM) framework, a novel approach for enacting actionable conversations with human workers. BPLLM couples Retrieval-Augmented Generation with fine-tuning, to enrich process-specific knowledge. Additionally, a process-aware chunking approach is incorporated to enhance the BPLLM pipeline. We evaluated the approach in various experimental scenarios to assess its ability to generate accurate and contextually relevant answers to users’ questions. The empirical study shows the promising performance of the framework in identifying the presence of particular activities and sequence flows within the considered process model, offering insights into its potential for enhancing process-aware DSSs.
Functionalization of Chitosan-Chitin Nanowhiskers Films By Impregnation With Essential Oils Via Supercritical CO2
Authors: Muñoz-Núñez C. , Hevilla V. , Zágora J. , Plachá D. , Muñoz-Bonilla A. , Fernández-García M.
Published: October 2024

Herein, we prepared functional chitosan films reinforced with chitin nanocrystals by supercritical solvent impregnation with a variety of essential oils, i.e. mentha, clove, and cinnamon. Two different chitosan film structures were evaluated, smooth and compact films obtained by casting; and highly porous films prepared by lyophilization process. The effect of the film morphology, essential oil impregnation and the presence of chitin nanowhiskers on the properties of the films were extensively investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and tensile testing; while the bioactive functions were evaluated by measuring the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. It was found that the impregnation of essential oils is much higher in porous films, confering notable antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The incorporation of chitin nanocrystal does not influence on the impregnation process, and only improves slightly the antioxidant performance, which is clearly appreciable in the case of films obtained by casting with an increase of ca. 35% from chitosan without to samples with 5 wt% of chitin nanowhiskers. Nevertheless, an important enhancement of the mechanical properties, particularly in elastic modulus, is clearly appreciated with the incorporation of chitin nanowhisker into the films, with values of 50% higher in comparison with chitosan without nanowishers. However, the elongation at break and tensile strength values suffer a slight decrease.

Graphical Abstract
Psychometric Properties of the Dutch Surrender to God Scale: Relationships with Religious Behavior, God Representation, Well-being, and Health
Authors: Seesink Henk-Jan , van Dusseldorp Michelle , Ostafin Brian D. , Schaap-Jonker Hanneke , Wiers Reinout W.
Published: October 2024

Given that surrender to God has been associated with health and well-being in believers, research in this area would benefit from the availability of scales outside the United States, where these were first developed. To this end, we conducted two studies (N = 130 and N = 574) in Christian samples in the Netherlands to test the psychometric properties of a Dutch translation of the Surrender to God Scale (D-StGS). In addition, the abbreviated Religious Surrender Scale-2 was tested to examine whether the two-item scale would show validity and reliability, as this would benefit research in which there are time (and other) constraints on assessment. Both scales showed adequate to excellent internal consistency, convergent validity with religious coping and religious orientation, and predictive validity; specifically with (I) lower anxiety, stress, and depression symptoms and (II) higher scores on religious behavior and meaning in life. Likewise, both scales were related to (III) more positive, supportive, and ruling, and less passive, anxious, and angry God representations. However, explorative factor analysis of the D-StGS in the first study resulted in two factors (Imitation of God’s will and Peace through God’s will), which were confirmed with confirmatory factory analysis in the second study. It can be concluded that the D-StGS and abbreviated scale are useful for future research in Christian samples.
Worst Case Complexity Bounds for Linesearch-Type Derivative-Free Algorithms
Authors: Brilli Andrea , Kimiaei Morteza , Liuzzi Giampaolo , Lucidi Stefano
Published: October 2024

This paper is devoted to the analysis of worst case complexity bounds for linesearch-type derivative-free algorithms for the minimization of general non-convex smooth functions. We consider a derivative-free algorithm based on a linesearch extrapolation technique. First we prove that it enjoys the same complexity properties which have been proved for pattern and direct search algorithms, namely that the number of iterations and of function evaluations required to drive the norm of the gradient of the objective function below a given threshold $$\epsilon $$
ϵ
for the first time is $${{\mathcal {O}}}(\epsilon ^{-2})$$

O
(

ϵ

-
2

)

in the worst case. This is the first contribution proving worst-case complexity properties for derivative-free linesearch-type algorithms. Then we show that the lineasearch approach used by the described algorithm allows us to guarantee the further property that the number of iterations such that the norm of the gradient is bigger than $$\epsilon $$
ϵ
is $$\mathcal{O}(\epsilon ^{-2})$$

O
(

ϵ

-
2

)

in the worst case.
How Mucilaginous Seeds of Different Plant Species Respond to Nonthermal Atmospheric Plasma Treatment
Authors: Šerá Božena , Šrámková Petra , Tunklová Barbora , Ďurčányová Sandra , Šerý Michal , Žarnovičan Hubert , Drozdíková Anna , Satrapinský Leonid , Zahoranová Anna , Kováčik Dušan , Hnilička František
Published: October 2024

Important representatives of mucilaginous seeds from different plant species, namely amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.), garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.), common flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), psyllium (Plantago ovata Forssk.), and chia (Salvia hispanica L.) were subjected to non-thermal plasma (NTP) generated by diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge with different exposure times (1, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30 s). Seed water uptake, kinematic viscosity, parameters of seed germination and initial seedling growth were monitored along with chemical and morphological changes on the seed surface. Water absorption increased with increasing plasma exposure time for garden cress, psyllium and chia seeds, but it was greatest for chia seeds. For all seed species, the kinematic viscosity decreased with increasing plasma exposure time. The highest values were found for chia seeds after a treatment for 30 s. Surface analyses did not reveal any chemical and morphological changes of the seed surface. According to a PCA comparison of basic characteristics of germination and initial growth, common flax seeds differ in their reaction to NTP from the other tested plants. On the contrary, chia seeds showed the best water uptake and kinematic viscosity. It was shown that NTP treatment improves the absorption of mucilaginous seeds and does not change the surface and structural properties of the seeds. These mucilaginous seeds can be used as raw seed, whereby NTP accelerates their preparation during soaking.
From one to many: education, diversity, and international experience in habitual vs. one-time founders
Authors: Sanguineti Francesca , Majocchi Antonio , Lechner Christian
Published: October 2024

What sets apart entrepreneurs who continuously start new businesses from those who stick with their first venture? This paper delves into the characteristics that distinguish habitual founders from one-time founders. Analyzing a dataset of over 5000 individuals, we combine the concepts of cognitive entrenchment and human capital theory to uncover the general and specific traits that increase the likelihood of becoming a habitual founder. Our findings suggest that a higher level of education, diverse professional backgrounds, and international experience increase the chances of becoming a habitual founder. By exploring the backgrounds of habitual entrepreneurs, this study provides valuable insights for supporting and promoting an entrepreneurial career.
Are Membrane Bioreactors Really More Efficient in Removing Pharmaceutical Substances?—Variance Component Analysis Of Micropollutant Removal
Authors: El Brahmi Asmae , Azzellino Arianna , Malpei Francesca , Buttiglieri Gianluigi
Published: October 2024

This study evaluates the influence of micropollutant chemical characteristics on the removal of pharmaceutical substances through three different treatments: membrane bioreactor, full wastewater treatment with final filtration (WWTP), and secondary treatment through a conventional activated sludges system, operated in parallel at realistic sludge retention time (SRT) over three years and four sampling campaigns. Treated wastewater from the WWTP enters the local canal with a low dilution ratio. Therefore, the monitoring of water contamination is of particular interest for a reliable assessment of environmental risk. A total of 39 pharmaceutical substances were screened. While differences among the three types of treatments were found statistically not significant, data analysis performed through a generalized linear model showed that both the influent concentration and the physicochemical characteristics are strong predictors for the removal of micropollutant. SRT had no significance for the three types of treatment of this study. Finally, pharmaceuticals were divided into three major classes based on their influent concentration and removal. A canonical discriminant analysis was used to predict the removals and showed that the pharmaceuticals removal rates are strongly influenced by their hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity and enabled to predict their removal categories with high accuracy (i.e., 65% of correct predictions).