bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Albert Camus y la filosofía como forma de vida
Authors: Moreno León Angelo Antonio , Gómez Natasha
Published: January 2019

Los apuntes que se consignan en este ensayo científico corresponden a los temas tratados en los últimos capítulos de la Tesis doctoral del autor , y conducente al título de “Doctor en Ciencias Filosóficas” por la Universidad de la Habana. Enmarcado en el campo de la historiografía de la filosofía y haciendo uso del método hermenéutico, se analizó la naturaleza de la filosofía de Albert Camus, se le identificó con las tesis directrices de la “filosofía como forma de vida”, y se demostró que dicha filosofía se inscribe dentro del camino de este ideal filosófico, rompiendo con el discurso teórico de la filosofía post antigua, particularmente con la filosofía franco-alemana de los siglos diecinueve y veinte. La filosofía de Camus se constituye, pues, como un caso representativo de la tradición filosófica que considera que la filosofía es una práctica destinada a transformar la manera de vivir de sí mismo y de los demás y que busca que la persona se supere a sí misma, que construya una nueva manera de ser-en-el-mundo y tome consciencia de sí como parte de la Naturaleza.
Reactualizar el modelo de filosofía como forma de vida: Un reto para la práctica de la filosofía en nuestros días
Authors: Moreno León Angelo Antonio , Gómez Natasha
Published: January 2019

La Filosofía Antigua es fundamentalmente una práctica que usa como medio el ejercicio espiritual de transformación de sí mismo a través de un programa de cuatro “conversiones” y de tomas de conciencia sucesivas: el primero, “aprender a vivir” observándose a sí mismo; el segundo, “aprender a dialogar” para conocerse a sí mismo a través del esfuerzo de la dialéctica común que busca la verdad; el tercero, “aprender a morir” en la serenidad y en la lucidez; y el cuarto, “aprender a leer”, pasando de una visión de las cosas dominada por las pasiones individuales a una visión del mundo más objetivo y universal. El programa es accesible al hombre de hoy y, sin ser un fin en sí, busca más bien que éste se supere a sí mismo y construya una nueva manera de ser-en-el-mundo y tome consciencia de sí como parte de la Naturaleza, como parcela de la Razón Universal. Todo esto se logra a través de la práctica de “ejercicios espirituales” destinados a conducir a la Sabiduría.
Assessment of the impact of breast cancer on women in Gombe State, Northeastern Nigeria
Authors: Japhet Jonah H. , Hamina Dathini , Pauline Doka J. S. , Teryila Kever R. , Haruna Habu , Njida Uba M. , Yagana Emma , Mshelia Langa
Published: January 2019

Objective: The aim of the study is to assess the physical, financial, emotional and social impact of breast cancer on women in North east Nigeria.Methods: A qualitative transcendental phenomenological study design was adopted, using face-to face unstructured interview to collect data from 22 respondents who were recruited via purposive non-probability sampling technique. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and further analyzed using thematic analysis method into themes and sub-themes.Results: The result revealed excruciating pains that does not abate completely as the main physical impact, expensive cost of treatment as the major financial impact and crying as the major emotional impact of breast cancer on women. However, been diagnosed with breast cancer had no any consequences on participants’ relationship with spouse or family members.Conclusion: Breast cancer causes pain, makes women to cry and the treatment is very expensive but it does not cause relationship problems. There is therefore the need for Government and Non-governmental policies to be geared towards supporting women with breast cancer to overcome these challenges.
Newton’s Hyperbola Observed from Newton’s Evolute (1687), Gudermann’s Circle (1833), the Auxiliary Circle (Pedal Curve and Inversion Curve), the Lemniscate of Bernoulli (1694) (Pedal Curve and Inversion Curve) (09.01.2019)
Authors: Stavek Jiri
Published: January 2019

Johannes Kepler and Isaac Newton inspired generations of researchers to study properties of elliptic, hyperbolic, and parabolic paths of planets orbiting around the Sun. After the intensive study of those conic sections during the last four hundred years it is believed that this topic is practically closed and the 21st Century cannot bring anything new to this subject. Can we add to those visible orbits from the Aristotelian World some curves from the Plato’s Realm that might bring to us new information about those conic sections? Isaac Newton in 1687 discovered one such curve - the evolute of the hyperbola - behind his famous gravitation law. In our model we have been working with Newton’s Hyperbola in a more complex way. We have found that the interplay of the empty focus M (= Menaechmus - the discoverer of hyperbola), the center of the hyperbola A (= Apollonius of Perga - the Great Geometer), and the occupied focus N (= Isaac Newton - the Great Mathematician) together form the MAN Hyperbola with several interesting hidden properties of those hyperbolic paths. We have found that the auxiliary circle of the MAN Hyperbola could be used as a new hodograph and we will get the tangent velocity of planets around the Sun and their moment of tangent momentum. We can use the lemniscate of Bernoulli as the pedal curve of that hyperbola and we will get the normal velocities of those orbiting planets and their moment of normal momentum. The first derivation of this moment of normal momentum will reveal the torque of that hyperbola and we can estimate the precession of hyperbolic paths and to test this model for the case of the flyby anomalies. The auxiliary circle might be used as the inversion curve of that hyperbola and the Lemniscate of Bernoulli could help us to describe the Kepler’s Equation (KE) for the hyperbolic paths. Have we found the Arriadne’s Thread leading out of the Labyrinth or are we still lost in the Labyrinth?
Loss of the Weight of a Rotor with Horizontal Axis of Rotation
Authors: Dmitriev A. L. , Chesnokov N. N. , Nikushchenko E. M.
Published: January 2019

Concise description of results of exact weighing of mechanical rotor with the horizontal axis of rotation during "spinning" - with slowly diminishing speed of rotation. Reduction of the weight of a rotor with frequency of rotation of 350-375 Hz is in line with earlier noted oscillations of acceleration of such rotor's freefall. Observed effect of weight loss is probably defined by characteristics of interactions of accelerated moving bodies with variable gravitational field of the Earth
Beginning of Life on Planets
Authors: Bhuiyan Abdul L.
Published: January 2019

Beginning of life on a planet including earth would occur with the formation of nucleotides from such precursors as linear polyphosphate anion, D-ribose, and heterocyclic bases in presence of metasilicate anion of composition (SiO32-)n, metaborate anion of composition (BO2)nn-, and enstatite (MgSiO3). These complex silicates and borates might have acted as catalysts as well as moulds for the production of the nucleotides of DNA/RNA.
Broad Subjects in Arabic
Authors: Alotaibi Mansour Qazan
Published: January 2019

In contrast to the claim made in recent studies which proposes that the initial nominative NP in Arabic is not a left-dislocated topic but rather is a broad subject, this paper argues that Arabic has no Multiple Nominative Construction of the Japanese construction. The paper provides a number of arguments to support this position. It argues that the initial noun phrase is a left-dislocated topic, occupying A’-position.
Is Julian Barnes Reliable in Narrating the Noise of Time?
Authors: Ng Michael H. M.
Published: January 2019

Wayne C. Booth says that a novelist creates an implied author that is an ideal, literary, and created version of the real author. Seymour Chatman has emphasized the implied author is a principle that invents the narrator who has the direct means of communicating. Chatman says it is important distinguish among narrator, implied author, and real author.

Booth originally says that unreliable narrators vary on how far and in what direction they depart from the author’s norms. The concept of Booth’s term ‘unreliable narrator’ has been a subject to debate. In Ansgar Nunning’s perspective, the reader has a role in detecting narrational unreliability. There are four forms of unreliable narration: intranarrational unreliability, internarrational unreliability, intertextual unreliability, and extratextual unreliability.

Julian Barnes’ novel The Noise of Time is a fictional biography of a real Russian composer named Dmitri Shostakovich whose work of art flourishes even under the oppression of the Soviet government. According to a review in The Guardian, the novel is mainly on Shostakovich’s battle with his conscience when living under the rule of Joseph Stalin. It is possible that the real author, implied author, and narrator are the same person in Barnes’ case. The objective of this article is to examine whether Barnes is reliable in telling the story of Shostakovich or not.
Pronouns in English and Arabic: A Contrastive Study
Authors: Igaab Zainab Kadim , Tarrad Intisar Raham
Published: January 2019

Pronouns are defined as being one of the parts of speech that obtain their meaning from other noun phrases in a sentence. This study is descriptive, analytic, and contrastive. It deals with comparing pronouns in English and Arabic by concentrating on the points of difference and similarity between the two languages.

This study aims at describing pronouns in both languages and then the comparison is made by defining pronouns, showing their syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic aspects to know to what extent both languages are similar or different in using pronouns.

It is hypothesized that the two languages are similar to each other in terms of their syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic aspects of pronouns; pronouns are found in both languages; and there are some points of similarity and difference between the two languages, but the differences outweigh the similarities.

English has a clear division of pronouns. Pronouns are dealt with syntactically, semantically and pragmatically. In Arabic the division of pronouns is completely different.
Ellipsis and Reiteration in English and Arabic: A Contrastive Study
Authors: Betti Mohammad Jasim , AlFartoosy Montadher Hussein Hameed
Published: January 2019

The present study is a descriptive contrastive one because it tries to give a full explanation of ellipsis and reiteration in English and Arabic to arrive at the similarities and differences between them. It deals with ellipsis and reiteration as processes by which a linguistic item is deleted or repeated. This is primarily achieved by showing their definitions, nature, types, and functions, and by surveying the literature available and by contrasting them in the two compared languages, conducting a contrastive study. The study finds out that ellipsis and reiteration as processes are found in both languages. In addition, it also finds out that ellipsis is more widely used than reiteration in both languages and that reiteration in Arabic is used more than in English. In this regard, the study shows that there are similarities and differences between English and Arabic but the area of differences is wider than that of similarities.
Rural and Urban in Vietnam Economic Structure
Authors: Nhung Nguyen Hong , Thai Nguyen Quang , Trinh Bui , Phong Nguyen Viet
Published: January 2019

Vietnam is an agricultural country with a "wet rice" culture. In recent decades, in addition to the achievement of relatively high economic growth, the implementation of poverty reduction, there seems to be the trend of simple "industrialization and modernization" almost in all localities of country. Vietnam instead of using forte be cultivated and raised in tropical agriculture into workers and townsman’s in an unprepared way. When Vietnamese people's strengths are not used and promoted, they have to try or be forced to use their weakness. So, the failure is almost inevitable.

This study aims to examine the change in the level of interactions between the agriculture, forestry, fisheries and rural sectors with other sectors in the economy and urban areas based on structure of the input - output table has been updated for Vietnam in 2016 by Vietnam Institute of Development Research (implemented 2018 under a Project of Vietnam Union of Science and Technique Associations VUSTA).
Voting Premium in Italy: An Analysis over a 30-Year Period
Authors: Salvi Antonio , Teti Emanuele , Giakoumelou Anastasia , Petruzzella Felice
Published: January 2019

We investigate the different aspects affecting the control premium by carrying out an empirical analysis on the respective in the Italian stock market since 1987 employing the Voting Premium methodology. We demonstrate how the introduction of new regulations in this field in 2012 has contributed to a substantial premium reduction. The impact of the aforementioned regulations needs to be examined within the macroeconomic setting that has distinguished the period of reference, particularly the last decade, within which the decision to raise the tax rate on financial yields needs to be contextualized.
Enhancing Brand Awareness, Reputation and Loyalty: The Role of Social Media
Authors: Chierici Roberto , Del Bosco Barbara , Mazzucchelli Alice , Chiacchierini Claudio
Published: January 2019

The paper analyzes three models in order to identify the causal combinations of social media usage and management that lead to an improvement of, respectively, brand awareness, brand reputation, and brand loyalty. Data collected from 268 managers operating in organizational units closely involved in marketing and communication activities have been analyzed using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). Different equifinal pathways emerge, highlighting some commonalities, as well as some specificities. Social media integration with other communication channels and dissemination of information collected through social media within the organization turn out to be two managerial practices with a relevant role in achieving higher brand awareness, brand reputation, and brand loyalty. Moreover, social media responsiveness appears to be crucial for enhancing brand loyalty. These results contribute to the branding and social media literature, providing also interesting insights for practitioners to understand how to strength brands in the social media era.
The Impact of Intellectual Capital Efficiency in Business Reengineering: An Empirical Study on the Industrial Companies Listed on the ASE
Authors: Fareed Shaqqour Omar
Published: January 2019

The redesign of administrative strategic processes and polices from the root to realize the value added in the organization is called re-engineering approach, where the employees who have the knowledge, intellectual ability and skills that give them the ability to innovate and achieve the objectives of the organization, is called intellectual capital efficiency.    

Knowing the importance of an intellectual capital efficiency of the company and its contribution to provide the requirements of applying re-engineering in the company and its ability to motivate the company to implement this approach, Is important and vital.

This study aims to identify the impact of intellectual capital efficiency in re-engineering on industrial firms listed on the Amman Stock Exchange ASE. To achieve this goal, the researcher measured the intellectual capital efficiency by Pulic model, and the business re-engineering through a questionnaire to measure three themes related to re-engineering, the business, extent of support the company's management to apply the business re-engineering approach, the availability of the requirements of re-engineering, and the extent of applying the reengineering approach.

The study sample consisted from 50 industrial companies listed on the ASE, during the study period (2014- 2017), the study used SPSS and Excel to identify the descriptive characteristics of the variables of the study, and analysis the data, and it was also used regression analysis to test the hypotheses of the study.

Study results concluded that intellectual capital efficiency positively impact in supporting the company's management to apply the business re-engineering approach in the industrial companies listed on ASE, and the results also showed that the intellectual capital efficiency positively impact in the providing of the business re-engineering requirements in these companies, finally, the study finds that intellectual capital efficiency positively impact in the applying the business reengineering approach in these companies.

The study recommended to increase the interest for intellectual capital and business reengineering, and the study also recommended to increase awareness among workers in the accounting departments of the importance of the subject of intellectual capital efficiency and business reengineering.
How Experimental Psychologists Write the Method Sections of Journal Articles
Authors: Zhuang Weijen
Published: January 2019

This paper reports an investigation on the move structures and cognitive genres found in the methods sections of research articles (RAs) in the field of experimental psychology. Thirty RAs of experimental psychology were analyzed in terms of the move structure and the cognitive genre applied to realize the moves. The analysis of the move structure of these research articles showed that the basic moves were: describing participants, describing data collection procedure(s) and explaining data analysis. The analysis of the cognitive genres used in the methods sections showed that authors typically require more than one cognitive genre to realize the major moves of the methods sections. The most commonly used cognitive genres in realizing the method section of a RA of experimental psychology were explanation and report. This suggests that the inclusion of the instruction of explanation and report in the EAP writing courses for the psychology major students is essential.
IRONIC STEREOTYPES: DESCREET FEMINISM OF NATACHA LESUEUR
Authors: Ferret Sandrine
Published: January 2019

Sandrine Ferret
Ironic banalities: the discreet Feminism of Natacha Lesueur
Natacha Lesueur is a French photographer, who discreetly conforms with the feminist tendencies, starting from her earliest works realized in the 1990s. Her first photographs depict compositions, in which fragments of the body, the head, the bust, the legs, etc., are adorned with intricately composed pieces of food, sometimes creating mysterious alphabets. The colour photographs are exceptionally painstainkingly processed – re- fined – and disorient the viewer with the vision of body fragments staged in weird situations.
On the exhibition entitled White shadows, in the Marc Chagall Museum in Nice in 2014, Natacha Lesueur presented a work realized during several trips to Tahiti. Moved by the similarity of the Tahitian landscapes to her own shots, she would ask herself a question, how to use visual means to depict the reality in which the women and men of Tahiti lived, the reality so distant from the postcards which we all see in front of our eyes. Her choice included adopting these schematic representations as a starting point, together with introducing elements of destruction connected with colonisation, and especially with nuclear tests. She also considered vo- luptuous looks cast at young Tahitian women (wahine) by the colonizers.
Playing with the Tahitian exoticism in an exaggerated way, underta- king strategic topics and perspectives (the landscape and wahine), Nata- cha Lesueur stages these subjects in order to introduce distortions into their perception. The light of the stroboscope lamp or red lighting make the viewers embarrassed, as they also perceive typical pictures from the well- known categories: the paradise lagoon, the lewd native, light flashes or overly erotic dance. Lesueur’s work criticises depictions of the Tahitian exoticism, with which it enters into a dispute, thus deconstructing it.
The article analyses in detail two video films, Omaï and Upa Upa, shown during the exhibition mentioned. At the same time it attempts to answer the question, in what way, while making use of special lighting in her work, Natacha Lesueur utilizes the feminist methodology, whose aim is to deconstruct identity.
A WOMAN IS A NOMADE, A WOMAN IS AN ARTIST. A LOOK AT THE BRIDES ON TOUR BY PIPPA BACCA AND SILVIA MORO IN THE FEMINIST VIEW OF ROSI BRAIDOTTI
Authors: Dzierżyc-Horniak Anna
Published: January 2019

Anna Dzierżyc-Horniak
The Woman Is a Nomad, the Woman Is an Artist. A look at Brides on Tour by Pippa Bacca and Silvia Moro in the Feminist Take of Rosa Braidotti
The text is an attempt at looking at the art project Brides on Tour from
the perspective of the nomadic subjectivity by Rosi Braidotti. The project, in the new context lent by the death of Giuseppina Pasqualino di Marineo, known under as Pippa Bacca, gave rise to diverse commentaries, at the same time becoming a reference point for successive artistic and social endeavours. The article analyses the strategy undertaken by “the brides” as women-artists, the cultural symbols and archetypes used by them, while as a counterweight questions are asked about the faith in uncon- ditioned hospitality in the frames of what Jacques Derrida called “Abra- ham” tradition as well as about the presence of women in public space.
As a result, the project seems to be an artistic performance, which de- mands including the specific, embodied female experience to be a subject in culture and politics. Its true value is located in the acquired experience; in the exchange that the artists initiate with people encountered on their way; in breaking the borders between art and everyday life. This is quite an alternative model of art and as such is an answer to the feminist de- mands of Rosi Braidotti.
METAPHYSICS OF LITERATURE THE CASE OF ANTONI MATUSZKIEWICZ
Authors: Maliszewski Karol
Published: January 2019

Karol Maliszewski Spirituality of Literature. A Case of Antoni Matuszkiewicz The author in his sketch describes the early lyrics of Antoni Matuszkie- wicz. He emphasizes that what has been modernist in them, the avant- garde shape of the poem, has been marked by a special spiritual fervor, as if Matuszkiewicz tried to reconcile in a single record a revealing metaphor with something eternal, with something what seems like a mystical spir- itual formation. Matuszkiewicz, in a dispute over poetry, is on the side of those who believe in a substantial image of the world and, hence, the metaphysical nature of literature.
Problem nagości, tożsamości i dorastania (w dziełach współczesnych artystek)
Authors: Śnieciński Marek
Published: January 2019

The text discusses the oeuvre of the selected contemporary female artists,
who in their works analyse the problem of nakedness, treated as
a costume, metaphor or event, as well as those, who deal with issues of
identity, processes of creating it and the visual (media) identity masks.
The works by such artists as Alba d’Urbano, Vanessa Beecroft, Katarzyna
Kozyra, Alina Szapocznikow, Herlinde Koelbl, Tina Bara, Eva Bertram, Ursula
Rogg and Tanja Ostojič are analysed. The text includes theoretical
considerations by Lynda Nead, Agata Jakubowska, Giorgio Agamben and
Hans Belting.
Challenges in higher education and the role of Muslim cultures and civilisations in developing a new paradigm in education
Authors: Muborakshoeva Marodsilton
Published: January 2019

This paper explores the challenges modern Muslim scholars face when acquiring and producing knowledge and when thinking about what they can borrow and revive from the educational approaches of Muslim scholars of the Middle Ages in order to come up with a new paradigm of learning in education. Some of these challenges are the gaps between secular and religious education, marginalisation of various types of learning and the dominance of one mode of learning - especially the dominance of western-based epistemology and ethical principles in education, struggling to choose between competing and often contradictory paradigms, not knowing much about one’s own cultural and civilizational legacy and what it could offer to resolve these issues, etc. Some scholars started researching these challenges, yet it is very rare that a combined library research and field work is conducted to examine such issues. In this research, drawing on the analysis of relevant literature and qualitative interviews conducted with prominent scholars, we aim to shed light on some of these challenges and provide solutions to them. The seriousness of these challenges and searching for ways to resolve them compels us to look back and critically examine what educational approaches were used by Muslim scholars and pedagogues in the Middle Ages and what happened to those approaches in the modern times. Critical examination of such legacy is very important so that we avoid the temptation of just regurgitating those achievements in terms of Muslims’ world view about education and epistemology in the past and creatively revive those according to the needs of modern times.
Joaquín Costa: la modernización de España como problema. Esbozo biográfico (Invitación a la lectura de la obra de Joaquín Costa)
Authors: Gómez Benito Cristóbal
Published: January 2019

-
La construcción del itinerario formativo postobligatorio: Efectos de la atención al bajo rendimiento sobre la expectativa académica
Authors: Valdés Fernández Manuel Tomás
Published: January 2019

Los programas de atención al bajo rendimiento durante la educaciónobligatoria ejercen una labor de orientación que condiciona el itinerario formativoque seguirá el alumno una vez finalice la ESO. La presente investigación secentra en el estudio de dicha orientación y su relación con otras variables fundamentalesen la construcción de la expectativa formativa. Para ello se ha llevado acabo una encuesta en cuatro institutos de la Comunidad de Madrid, observándosea través de un análisis de regresión logística y un análisis discriminante que lamera participación en los programas considerados (repetición de curso, desdoblespor nivel de aprendizaje y PMAR) ejerce una importante orientación hacia la FormaciónProfesional. El distinto origen social de los alumnos participantes y noparticipantes en tales programas, la separación física y pedagógica de sus aprendizajesy su diferente expectativa formativa han llevado a referir tales programascomo una vía académica durante la educación obligatoria análoga a la red primariaprofesional descrita por Baudelot y Establet. Se recomienda por tanto evitar herramientasque de forma reactiva a las manifestaciones de bajo rendimiento reagru-pen a los alumnos por su nivel de aprendizaje, pues tienden a consolidar las desigualdadesde rendimiento y convertirlas en trayectorias educativas desiguales.Low performance attention programs during compulsory educationexercise an orientation effect over students, conditioning their educational trajectoryafter finalizing ESO. This research is aimed at studying that orientation and itsrelationship with other key variables in the construction of academic expectation.To accomplish that, a survey was carried out among students from four differenthigh schools at Comunidad de Madrid, observing through a logistic regressionanalysis and a discriminant analysis that mere participation in the considerate programs(grade repetition, regrouping in concrete subjects and PMAR) exercise animportant orientation towards Intermediate Level Vocational Education. The differentsocial origin of participants and non-participants in those programs, thephysical and pedagogic separation between both learning processes and their differentacademic expectations has led us to refer such programs as a specific viaduring compulsory education analogous to the primary professional net describedby Baudelot and Establet. Therefore, it is advisable to avoid mechanisms that, reactingto underachievement, regroup students according to their former performanceat school, for such programs tend to consolidate performance inequalitiesand turn them into unequal educational careers.
Examining the Linkage of Academic Performance and Attention by Uddin's Numeral Finding and Typo Revealing Tests: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study in Undergraduate Students of Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Md. Assadik , Uddin Md. Sahab , Uddin G.M. Sala , Swapna Farzana Yasmin , Amran Md. Shah
Published: January 2019

Background: Attention is the state of applying the concentration to something and it's strongly linked to academic performance. The drive of this study was to analyze the academic performance and attention of undergraduate students.
Methods: The study was implemented on 139 undergraduate students of Bangladesh selected from 9 universities from April to August 2018. In this study to investigate the attention of the students, the Uddin’s Numeral Finding (NF) and Typo Revealing (TR) tests were used.
Results: In the NF test male students with last semester cumulative grade point average (CGPA) of 3.47 (highest) exerted the maximum 40% attention but female students exerted only 33.3% attention and their last semester CGPA was 3. Students with age > 22 years exerted maximum, 70.55%, and 35.2% attention in NF and TR tests respectively with last semester CGPA of 3.56 (maximum). In the NF and TR tests, highest, 89.73%, and 50.33% attention respectively were reported by 1st-year students with last semester CGPA of only 3.70. High-socioeconomic status students with last semester CGPA of 3.43 (lowest) exerted maximum 75.30% attention in NF test. There were no significant associations between variables.
Conclusion: Attention is a very rudimentary function that often is a forerunner to cognitive functions. Individual differences in academic performance have been linked to differences in attention and intelligence.
Shia-sunnisekterisme til debat i et nyt Mellemøsten
Authors: Valbjørn Morten
Published: January 2019

Forestillingen om et sekterisk – eller “sekteriseret” – Mellemøsten, hvor en modsætning mellem shia- og sunnimuslimer – eller shia- og sunniislam – skulle udgøre en central konfliktlinje i regionens politiske liv, har figureret prominent i de seneste års debat om, hvad der vil kendetegne et såkaldt “nyt Mellemøsten”. Samtidig med – eller måske netop fordi – sekterisk politik er blevet et sådan “hot topic”, er det imidlertid også åbenbart, at debatten fortsat er præget af stor forvirring og uenighed. Denne artikel identificerer nogle af de vigtigste positioner i denne flerdimensionelle diskussion om sekterisk politik i et “nyt Mellemøsten”. Det gælder ikke blot det helt grundlæggende spørgsmål om, hvad sekterisme faktisk er, og om det overhovedet giver mening at tale om shia-sunnisekterisme, men også om, hvor udbredt og ny den “nye sekterisme” egentlig er, og hvordan vi kan “observere” den. Som det vil fremgå, deler vandene sig ligeledes, når det kommer til spørgsmålet om, hvordan man bedst kan forklare sekterisk politiks (voksende) betydning i Mellemøsten, og hvilke implikationer denne “sekterisering” synes at have for en række forskellige aspekter ved mellemøstlig politik.
The Sectarian Surge in the Middle East and the Dynamics of the Regional States-System
Authors: Hinnebusch Raymond
Published: January 2019

This article explores the role of sectarianism in the international relations of the Middle East. How has sectarianism altered the conduct of regional politics, and how has the regional states-system impacted on sectarianism? A framework combining constructivism and realism is designed and deployed to analyse the enduring dual features (material power balance, identity contests) of the regional states-system and then to dissect the interaction of sectarianism and the current regional power struggle.
Gammelt had eller nutidskonflikter? Et moyenne durée-perspektiv på aktuelle sekteriske konflikter
Authors: Riexinger Martin
Published: January 2019

Som det ofte er blevet påpeget, har forklaringer på de nuværende sekteriske konflikter i Mellemøsten været præget af to forskellige tilgange, den instrumentalistiske og den primordialistiske. Det primordialistiske fokus på religion giver emiske forklaringer af sekteriske konflikter baseret på doktrinære og rituelle forskelle, men først og fremmest spørgsmålet om Muhammads legitime efterfølgere. Som konsekvens er slaget ved Kerbela blevet betragtet som den afgørende begivenhed i islamisk historie, der kan forklare de nuværende konflikter. Instrumentalistiske analyser indskrænker deres fokus til kendsgerninger i en ramme af få år, eller få årtier. For at overvinde modsætningen mellem disse to positioner retter denne artikel fokus på et mellemliggende tidsniveau, som indtil videre ikke har været begrebsliggjort og derfor ikke har været et centralt emne i debatten om sekterisme. Udgangspunktet er den franske økonomihistoriker Fernand Braudels opdeling af historiske processer i tre forskellige tidsperioder: longue durée (langvarige udviklinger, som skaber grundlæggende strukurer), conjoncture/moyenne durée (mellemlange udviklinger) og évenements (kortvarige processer, som fører til enkelte begivenheder). Artiklen her fokuserer på moyenne durée som forklaringsramme for de nuværende sekteriske konflikter i Irak, Syrien og Bahrain.
L’engagement latino-américain au respect des droits de l’homme et l’incidence des décisions du Système interaméricain des droits de l’homme (SIDH) sur le droit brésilien
Authors: Lopes Saldanha Jânia Maria
Published: January 2019

Le système juridique international actuel repose, en grande partie, sur la signature de conventions et sur la reconnaissance, par les États, des organes internationaux et régionaux. Toutefois, des différences notables existent, soulevant dès lors des questions concernant l’application des décisions des organisations régionales et l’incidence possible sur le droit interne d’un État dont les normes juridiques nationales ne sont pas entièrement compatibles avec celles de la Commission interaméricaine des droits de l’homme et de la Cour interaméricaine des droits de l’homme. Le Brésil et le système interaméricain des droits de l’homme (SIDH) ont une relation illustrant en détail cette réalité. Pour comprendre la participation de l’État brésilien, il faut saisir l’influence de l’Amérique latine sur l’élaboration des droits de l’homme, en particulier sur la Déclaration américaine des droits et devoirs de l’homme et sur la Déclaration universelle des droits de l’homme. C’est avec cette mise en contexte que l’on peut comprendre, dans une large mesure, la variabilité de l’intensité de la participation brésilienne aux procédures et décisions du SIDH. Pour ces raisons historiques, la rencontre du passé et du présent, dans l’optique des droits de l’homme au Brésil, est tumultueuse. Tandis que, par le passé, le SIDH avait une approche visant la transition démocratique, il a évolué vers une approche égalitaire, sur les plans politique, social et juridique. La jurisprudence du SIDH est alors un apport contraignant quant à la promotion de la justice nationale sur les plans législatif, exécutif et juridique. Les séquelles des dictatures sont donc encore présentes dans l’État de droit brésilien.
L’accord de paix en Colombie à la lumière du droit international interaméricain
Authors: Ovalle Diaz Nelson Arturo
Published: January 2019

La signature de l’accord de paix en 2016 a aidé à mettre fin au conflit armé interne et encouragé une paix stable entre le gouvernement de la Colombie et les forces armées révolutionnaires de la Colombie — armée du peuple (FARC-EP). Cependant, cette entente a engendré un autre défi, soit celui de respecter le principe d’égalité devant la loi. Afin que les révolutionnaires soient incités à déposer leurs armes, en échange, l’État accepte de se faire juger par une justice transitionnelle. Le pluralisme juridique permet d’expliquer pourquoi la « Juridiction spéciale de paix » (JSP) peut être en conformité avec les normes internationales. Le présent article propose une façon d’expliquer ce choix difficile entre le droit à la paix et le droit à l’égalité devant la loi en considérant les normes internationales des droits de la personne. Le texte suggère l’utilisation des contrôles de la constitutionnalité ainsi que ceux de la conventionnalité, comme étant les deux recours judiciaires appropriés permettant de vérifier la compatibilité des règles de droit national avec les principes internationaux relatifs aux droits de la personne. Ces contrôles judiciaires peuvent être utilisés pour analyser l’invalidité d’une norme nationale qui contrevient à une norme internationale relative aux droits de la personne, en se basant sur le principe de la primauté du droit international de type impératif. Finalement, il est conclu que l’égalité devant la loi n’est pas un critère absolu et que la justice transitionnelle devrait être le dernier recours, dans le cas où la guerre permanente se présenterait comme la seule autre option. Quant à la paix, elle est considérée comme étant un droit fondamental dans l’ordre juridique international et national, afin de garantir les conditions nécessaires au respect des autres droits et libertés de tous.
Parental Rights for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transsexual Persons: A Comparison Between the European and Inter-American Systems of Human Rights
Authors: Lauzon Jolane T
Published: January 2019

This article addresses the question of parental rights for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transsexual persons (LGBT). Through an analysis of the relevant jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Human Rights, it will look at the right to a family, the right to privacy and the right to non-discrimination, since these rights are the ones that are always invoked by the petitioners. More precisely, this article will look at the question of adoption for homosexual individuals and same-sex couples, as well as the issue of children custody rights.
The Return of the Silenced: Aboriginal Art as a Flagship of New Australian Identity
Authors: Wilczyńska Elżbieta
Published: January 2019

The paper examines the presence of Aboriginal art, its contact with colonial and federation Australian art to prove that silencing of this art from the official identity narrative and art histories also served elimination of Aboriginal people from national and identity discourse. It posits then that the recently observed acceptance and popularity as well as incorporation of Aboriginal art into the national Australian art and art histories of Australian art may be interpreted as a sign of indigenizing state nationalism and multicultural national identity of Australia in compliance with the definition of identity according to Anthony B. Smith.
The ANZAC Tribulations at Gallipoli in Recent Australian Children’s Literature
Authors: Cantero Hervé
Published: January 2019

Generations of Australian children have been presented with iconic figures and values associated with the events of 1915 at Gallipoli and involved in the ritual practices of remembrance exemplified by Anzac Day ceremonies throughout a corpus of children’s literature which ranges from picture books for pre-schoolers to young adult fiction. This paper aims to broadly identify the narrative strategies at work in a selection of recent stories of brave animals helping the Aussie boys under fire or paeans to the duty of personal and communal remembrance and to examine them in a larger context of national self-representation.
Trauma, Gothic Apocalypse and Critical Mourning: The First World War and Its Aftermath in Chris Womersley’s Bereft
Authors: Branach-Kallas Anna
Published: January 2019

The article focuses on Bereft (2010), a novel by Australian writer Chris Womersley, which applies the framework of trauma to depict the (failed) reintegration of the returning soldiers after the First World War. Using Gothic and Apocalyptic tropes, Womersley addresses the question of the aftermath of violence in the lives of an Australian family and the Australian nation. By combining the insights of trauma and Gothic studies, the article demonstrates how Bereft undermines the meta-narrative of Australian participation in the First World War, questioning the myth of Anzac and national cohesion. It proposes to read the novel as an example of critical mourning, which, rather than cure from trauma, suggests a re-examination of the dramatic sequels of the imperial conflict. Rage seems to offer here an intriguing alternative to the forgetful practices of commemoration. By revising the militarized national mythology, Bereft redefines the First World War in terms of loss, trauma and desolation, and negotiates a place for broken bodies and minds in Australian cultural memory.
“Storytelling is an ancient art”: Stories, Maps, Migrants and Flâneurs in Arnold Zable’s Selected Texts
Authors: Drewniak Dagmara
Published: January 2019

Nadine Fresco in her research on exiled Holocaust survivors uses the term diaspora des cendres (1981) to depict the status of Jewish migrants whose lives are forever marked by their tragic experience as well as a conviction that “the[ir] place of origins has gone up in ashes” (Hirsch 243). As a result, Jewish migrants and their children have frequently resorted to storytelling treated as a means of transferring their memories, postmemories and their condition of exile from the destroyed Eastern Europe into the New World. Since “[l]iterature of Australians of Polish-Jewish descent holds a special place in Australian culture” (Kwapisz Williams 125), the aim of this paper is to look at selected texts by one of the greatest Jewish-Australian storytellers of our time: Arnold Zable and analyse them according to the paradigm of an exiled flâneur whose life concentrates on wandering the world, sitting in a Melbourne café, invoking afterimages of the lost homeland as well as positioning one’s status on a map of contemporary Jewish migrants. The analyses of Zable’s Jewels and Ashes (1991) and Cafe Scheherazade (2001) would locate Zable as a memoirist as well as his fi ctional characters within the Australian community of migrants who are immersed in discussing their un/belonging and up/rootedness. The analysis also comprises discussions on mapping the past within the context of the new territory and the value of storytelling.
“Dinner by the River” and “Driving to the Airport”: Andrew Taylor’s Polish Ash Poems and Jacques Derrida’s Cinder
Authors: Wolny Ryszard W.
Published: January 2019

Andrew Taylor (b. 1940), one of the most eminent living Australian poets, has had a lasting relationship with Poland and Opole in particular. As a result of one of his several visits to Opole, he wrote two poems, “Dinner by the River,” which was later included in the volume edited by Peter Rose The Best Australian Poems 2008 (Melbourne: Black Inc., 2008), and “Driving to the Airport,” which appeared in The Unhaunting (London: Salt, 2009). Both poems were originally included in the volume Australia: Identity, Memory and Destiny (ed. Wolny and Nicieja, Opole 2008). The aim of this paper is, therefore, to explore the image of Poland, and the Odra River in particular, the Australian poet has created, alongside the memories of the past his visit to Poland evoked. The elements that unite the Polish poems are the ones connected with coal, soot, fi re, ashes, embers and what Jacques Derrida called cendre (cinder) in one of his most important books, Feu la cendre [Cinders] (Minneapolis, London 2014).
Incidences of problematic cell lines are lower in papers that use RRIDs to identify cell lines
Authors: Babic Zeljana , Capes-Davis Amanda , Martone Maryann E , Bairoch Amos , Ozyurt I Burak , Gillespie Thomas H , Bandrowski Anita E
Published: January 2019

The use of misidentified and contaminated cell lines continues to be a problem in biomedical research. Research Resource Identifiers (RRIDs) should reduce the prevalence of misidentified and contaminated cell lines in the literature by alerting researchers to cell lines that are on the list of problematic cell lines, which is maintained by the International Cell Line Authentication Committee (ICLAC) and the Cellosaurus database. To test this assertion, we text-mined the methods sections of about two million papers in PubMed Central, identifying 305,161 unique cell-line names in 150,459 articles. We estimate that 8.6% of these cell lines were on the list of problematic cell lines, whereas only 3.3% of the cell lines in the 634 papers that included RRIDs were on the problematic list. This suggests that the use of RRIDs is associated with a lower reported use of problematic cell lines.
COPII vesicles and the expansion of the phagophore
Authors: Rabouille Catherine
Published: January 2019

A new study has identified the proteins that adapt COPII vesicles to the needs of starving cells.
EGFR deficiency leads to impaired self-renewal and pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Yu Miaoying , Wei Yinghui , Xu Kui , Liu Shasha , Ma Lei , Pei Yangli , Hu Yanqing , Liu Zhiguo , Zhang Xue , Wang Bingyuan , Mu Yulian , Li Kui
Published: January 2019

Background

Self-renewal and pluripotency are considered as unwavering features of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). How ESCs regulate the self-renewal and differentiation is a central question in development and regenerative medicine research. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was identified as a critical regulator in embryonic development, but its role in the maintenance of ESCs is poorly understood.

Methods

Here, EGFR was disrupted by its specific inhibitor AG1478 in mouse ESCs (mESCs), and its self-renewal and pluripotency were characterized according to their proliferation, expression of pluripotency markers, embryoid body (EB) formation, and mRNA expression patterns. We also used another EGFR inhibitor (gefitinib) and RNA interference assay to rule out the possibility of non-specific effects of AG1478.

Results

EGFR inhibition by AG1478 treatment in mESCs markedly reduced cell proliferation, caused cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, and altered protein expressions of the cell cycle regulatory genes (CDK2 (decreased 11.3%) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (decreased 25.2%)). The immunoreactivities and protein expression of pluripotency factors (OCT4 (decreased 26.9%)) also dramatically decreased, while the differentiation related genes (GATA4 (increased 1.6-fold)) were up-regulated in mESCs after EGFR inhibition. Meanwhile, EGFR inhibition in mESCs disrupted EB formation, indicating its impaired pluripotency. Additionally, the effects observed by EGFR inhibition with another inhibitor gefitinib and siRNA were consistent with those observed by AG1478 treatment in mESCs. These effects were manifested in the decreased expression of proliferative and pluripotency-related genes and the increased expression of genes involved in differentiation. Moreover, RNA-seq analysis displayed that transcript profiling was changed significantly after EGFR inhibition by AG1478. A large number of differentially expressed genes were involved in cell cycle, apoptotic process, epigenetic modification, and metabolic process, which were related to self-renewal and pluripotency, confirming that EGFR deficiency impaired self-renewal and pluripotency in mESCs.

Conclusions

Taken together, our results demonstrated the importance of EGFR in guarding the stemness of mESCs.