bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Inflation, Interest and Exchange Rates with the Effects of Money Supply and GDP in Nigeria: Evidence from BVARX Models
Authors: Adenomon M. O. , Oduwole H. K.
Published: November 2022

Economic theory revealed evidence of interrelationships among inflation, interest and exchange rates. Such theory further states possible effects of money supply and GDP on inflation, interest and exchange rates. This study focuses on the dynamic interrelationships among inflation, interest and exchange rates with the effects of money supply and GDP in Nigeria using Bayesian Vector Autoregression with Exogenous variables (BVARX) models. To achieve this, data was sourced from the Central bank of Nigeria (CBN) website spanning the period of 2010Q1-2020Q4. The study proposed six (6) versions of BVARX models with lag 2 using Normal-Wishart, Normal Flat and Flat-Flat priors. The results revealed superior BVARX models with Flat-Flat prior using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) as means of model selection. Lastly, evidence from Bivariate Granger causality testing reveals that the past lag values of inflation rate help in predicting exchange rate in Nigeria.
Comparative Morphometric Studies of European Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L.) at Different Altitudes of Kashmir Region, India
Authors: Siraj Masrat , Yaqoob Munazah , Ayoub Liyaqat , Bhat Bilal Ahmad , Sheikh Mohmmad Aasif , Irshad Sheikh Salma
Published: November 2022

European honey bee (Apis mellifera L.,) was introduced in Kashmir during late 19th century and since, then its domestication is continued in diverse conditions of Kashmir region. It appears well adapted to unique climatic conditions of the valley. In order to analyse diversification in its characters during ecological adaptations to different altitudes and climatic conditions, morphological characterization of Apis mellifera was employed at different altitudes of Kashmir region. Samples of honey bees were obtained from nine locations representing three different altitudes viz., high, medium and low of Kashmir. Total of 17 characters were measured at three different altitudes. Highly significant difference (p≤0.01) in 15 characters were observed was observed among three altitudes. The three main characters viz., proboscis length, fore wing length and cubital index were compared with earlier data as reported by Ruttner (1988). The proboscis length (6.35±0.06 mm) at high altitude, forewing length (9.21±0.01 mm) at mid altitude, cubital index at low altitude (2.55±0.08 mm) were found same or close to A. mellifera ligustica. However, other parameters did not support presence of this sub-species, therefore, it can be conclude that A. mellifera might have undergone degradations in its certain characters after its introduction in Kashmir region due to diverse climate conditions.
Assessment of Quality Parameters in Different Clones of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)
Authors: Bhavana Sadras , Bindu G. S. Madhu , Kumar M. Vijay , Reddy D. V. V. , Chiranjeev K.
Published: November 2022

The analysis of the quality indices in sugarcane plays a vital role in the process of refining sugarcane breeding, cultivation, and production management. The present investigation was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Basanthpur-Mamidigi, Medak Dist., Telangana during 2016-2017 to study the quality parameters of twelve sugarcane clones. The field experiment was conducted with 12 varieties in randomized block design replicated thrice. The observations made from the study stated that varieties varied significantly for the quality parameters. Among the varieties, Co 8014, has recorded the highest sucrose and Commercial Cane Sugar (CCS) percent followed by Co 86032, Co C 671 and Co 95020. The variety, 97 R 129 has recorded the lowest sucrose and CCS, followed by 97 R 401, 85 R186, Co 99006 and 83 R 23. The Brix values were high for Co 86032 and low for 97 R 401. Similarly, Co 99006 and Co C 92061 showed high and low values, respectively for purity percentage. Further, it could be attributed that the clones Co 86032 and Co 95020 recorded the highest sugar and cane yields. Conversely, the clones 83 R 23 and 85 R 186 recorded the lowest sugar and cane yields. Higher cane yield, sucrose and CCS percent in varieties had resulted in significantly higher sugar yields.
Genotypes X Traits Biplot for Multivariate Analysis of Yield and Contributing Traits Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes
Authors: Phougat Divya , Verma Ajay , Choudhary Sheetal
Published: November 2022

Eighty two diverse wheat genotypes have been evaluated in Research area of Wheat and Barley Section, CCS HAU trials at CCSHAU during 2021-22 cropping seasons in augmented design with four established checks replicated five times each. Highest average value recorded for grain yield per plot followed by days to maturity while least value expressed by spike length (cm). Of course lowest error also reported by spike length, whereas extreme large by grain yield per plot. Number of wheat genotypes in non-significant groups had observed 54, 12 8, 41, 6, 48, 6 genotypes  for days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, tillers per meter row length, grains per spike, thousands grains weight, spike length, grain yield per plot respectively. First two principal components explained 51.6% of the total phenotypic variation. Biplot analysis expressed high positive correlation of days to heading with spike length, grains per spike, plant height. Positive association also observed between days to maturity with thousands grains weight, grains per spike and grain filling period, as plant height showed with spike length grain yield per plot, TGW. DWAP1108, GW1348, DWAP1608, HS 628, MACS 5052 observed far from other wheat genotypes.  Multivariate hierarchical clustering of genotypes based on Ward’s method observed nine different clusters based on important morphological traits. First group consisted of three genotypes (G1, G8, G82) while the last one contained nine genotypes (G70, G81, G74, G76, G77, G78, G73, G80, G75). Only three genotypes G4, G6, G19 placed in third cluster whereas largest cluster of twenty three genotypes was the fifth one.
Plasmodium falciparum Infection and Associated Risk Factors in Pregnant Woman Attending Bafang District Hospital, Semi-Rural Area, West Region of Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ngounouh Christian Taheu , Kengne Cherry Suzanne , Likeng Julienne Louise Ngo , Kouakam Lucien Koumdji , Cheubou Martinobrie Hermione Weladji , Mebenga Edouard Francky Nganti , Madji Huguette , Olinga Patrice Zanga , Tchoffo Désiré , Nguwoh Philippe Salomon
Published: November 2022

Background: Malaria is a major public health problem in countries with limited resources. This morbid and fatal infection mainly affects vulnerable groups with weak immunity, such as children and pregnant women. In pregnant women, malaria leads to the occurrence of anaemia with the consequences of abortion, low birth weight (LBW) of the child and death of the baby. This study aimed to determine the Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) infection and associated risk factors among pregnant women attending the Bafang district hospital (BDH).

Methods: A hospital based quantitative cross-sectional and descriptive study were conducted from May 30th, to June 24th, 2022 among 156 pregnant women attending the BDH, West Region of Cameroon. All pregnant women consented to participate in the study without any constraint. Blood samples were collected, thick film and stained blood smear examined for Plasmodium trophozoites and gametocytes respectively. Statistical analyses were performed using Epi Info v. 7 software with any p-value<0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: The age of the study participants ranged from 14 to 48 years old (mean age of 27.41 ± 6.67 years). Of the 156 pregnant women tested, 25% (95% CI: 18.42%-32.55%) were infected with P. falciparum, infection was high in pregnant women aged < 30 years old (66.67%), in non-salaried (82.05%), in pregnant women in the second trimester of pregnancy (48.72%) with no difference statistically significant (p-value<0.05). Furthermore, the use of mosquito nets (OR= 3.88, 95% CI: 1.78-8.43, p-value=0.0003), taking intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) (OR= 2, 95, 95% CI: 1.31-6.59, p-value=0.006) and the number of IPT doses (p-value=0.0006) were risk factors statistically associated with P. falciparum infection.

Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of P. falciparum among pregnant women attending BDH. The use of mosquito nets, the taking of IPT were the factors statistically associated with the infection.
Clinical Comparison of Two Surgical Techniques in the Treatment of Cairo RT2 Gingival Recessions Associated to Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft: Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Rothen Simone Karine , Silva Edson Oliveira , Bin Luiza Roberta , Nassar Patrícia Oehlmeyer , Nassar Carlos Augusto
Published: November 2022

Purpose: The treatment of advanced gingival recessions represents a clinical challenge due to lack of appropriate interdental support. The objective of this study was to compare the outcomes of root coverage in surgical techniques employed for Tunnel root coverage and Coronally Positioned Flap (CPF), both associated to Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft (SCTG), in patients with Cairo RT2 gingival recession.  

Methods: Forty-one Cairo RT2 recessions were selected in 18 patients divided in groups to undergo root coverage surgery. The patients were evaluated at 0, 90, and 180 post-operative days for verification of the recession height and width, probing depth, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level, gingival thickness, and zone of keratinized tissue (P<0.05%).

Results: There was 1.84 ± 1.03 mm gain in gingival height in the Tunnel + SCTG group, and 2.33 ± 0.90 mm in CPF + SCTG group, without statistically significant differences between groups, and the coverage average was 62%. Full coverage was obtained in 17% of recessions.

Conclusion: The two techniques presented significant improvement in the periodontal parameters evaluated. Only the keratinized gingiva presented better outcomes in the CPF group.
Geostatistical Analysis for Monitoring and Modelling Atmospheric Pollutants
Authors: Mbaoma Oliver Chinonso , Ogunkeyede Akinyemi Olufemi , Adebayo Adedoyin Ayorinde , Otolo Solomon Ebiye , Ikpinima Matthew
Published: November 2022

Urbanisation and industrialization are predominant indicators of regional growth with some adverse effect especially in ambient air quality often prone to contamination by emissions. Vehicular emissions have been identified as a consistent air pollutant in urban areas. However, meteorological conditions such as rainfall also affect air pollution concentration level. The aim was to identify relationships between a meteorological factor like rainfall, vehicular load and atmospheric pollutant concentration in Effurun City, Delta State. In-situ sampling of CO, VOC and NO2 and Geostatistical analysis were used to obtain concentration level and relationships between the selected variables which was used to predict spatial trend for efficient monitoring. From our results, it was observed that Iterigbi, Ages Gas and Okuokoko Junctions had the highest concentration of VOC, NO2 and CO respectively. At residential areas, Iterigbi had the highest concentration of VOC and NO2 while Okuokoko had the highest concentration of CO.
Numerical Analysis for Supercavitation Characteristics around Underwater Vehicle according to Ventilated Gas Temperature
Authors: Hwang Hyunsung , Park Warngyu , Tu Nguyen Van , Kim Donghyun , Trong Nguyen Duy
Published: November 2022

Supercavitation is a phenomenon in which the cavity covers the entire underwater vehicle. The purpose of this paper is to compare and analyze the thermal effect on the cavity characteristics by changing the ventilated gas temperature through computational analysis. For this study, a homogeneous mixture model based on the 3D Navier-Stokes equation was used. As a phase change model, it is its own code considering both pressure change and temperature change. A dimensionless number Tm was presented to analyze the numerical results, and as the Tm increased, the cavity length increased by about 3.6 times and the cavity width by about 3.3 times at 393.15 K compared to room temperature. Analyzing these thermal effects, it was confirmed that rapid heat exchange and heat transfer between the gas phase and the liquid phase occurred at the location where the ventilated gas was sprayed, affecting the cavity characteristics. In addition, it can be confirmed that the initial cavity surface becomes unstable as the ventilated gas temperature increases, and it can be confirmed based on the numerical analysis results that the critical temperature at which the cavity surface becomes unstable is 373.15 K.
Design for Weapon Live Test Decision Support System Using Digital Twin Architecture
Authors: Kim Eungsu , Ryu Kiyeol
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the weapon live test during the phase of development is to provide essential information to decision makers that verify and validate the performance capabilities of weapons. Due to varying allocation and high variance of test resources with an increase in the weapon system’s capability, the test environment can get highly complex, which can lead to a decrease in the reliability of test results. This issue can be addressed by applying a decision support system that provides various timely information collected by resources during the test process. The decision support system can be designed by applying the concept of digital twins, that are defined as digital replicas of components, systems and processes. This paper describes a design methodology of the decision support system that consists of digital models and service functions using digital twin architecture. A case study illustrates the feasibility of the proposed methodology in supporting the weapon live test process.
The Study on the Control of the Plume Deflection Panel of the Ground Launching Platform Using a Tilt Angle Sensor
Authors: Choi Byungchang
Published: November 2022

In this paper, an experimental study on the control of the plume deflection panel(PDP) with a support jack of the ground launching platform using a tilt angle sensor is described. To overcome the disadvantages of the existing PDP control without a support jack using a limit sensor, the control algorithm using a tilt angle sensor and the ferroelectric RAM in the Launcher Control Unit for recognizing the contact with the ground in an abnormal operation is proposed to control the PDP in various operation environments. Finally, the proposed algorithm can be well applied for not only heavy-load launching platforms but also any other similar systems.
Betwixt and between
Authors: Nation Ann
Published: November 2022

The aim of this paper is to help therapists to increase their understanding of the powerful psychological underpinnings of adoption reunions. It outlines significant psychological and interactional issues for people searching and engaged in reunion as they attempt to weave new relationships with one another against the background of their genetic, adoptive and relinquishment histories. Altering expectations and relinquishing long-held fantasies can be a very difficult task for all members of the adoption triangle. The paper argues that a lack of psychological understanding of adoption realities, combined with superficial therapeutic practice in supporting those involved in reunions, have been significant factors in many unsatisfactory reunion outcomes in New Zealand.
'We' with a capital W
Authors: Appel Stephen
Published: November 2022

Farhad Dalal is a training group analyst and supervisor for the Institute of Group Analysis, London. He is in private practice as a psychotherapist and group analyst. He has recently published Taking the Group Seriously: Towards a Post-Foulkesian Group Analytic Theory, (1998: London & Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley) which Malcolm Pines has called "a tough, exciting book". The following interview, conducted via email, is a discussion of some of Dalal' s principal ideas.
An independent Monte Carlo–based IMRT QA tool for a 0.35 T MRI‐guided linear accelerator
Authors: Khan Ahtesham Ullah , Simiele Eric A. , Lotey Rajiv , DeWerd Larry A. , Yadav Poonam
Published: November 2022

Purpose

To develop an independent log file–based intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) quality assurance (QA) tool for the 0.35 T magnetic resonance‐linac (MR‐linac) and investigate the ability of various IMRT plan complexity metrics to predict the QA results. Complexity metrics related to tissue heterogeneity were also introduced.

Methods

The tool for particle simulation (TOPAS) Monte Carlo code was utilized with a previously validated linac head model. A cohort of 29 treatment plans was selected for IMRT QA using the developed QA tool and the vendor‐supplied adaptive QA (AQA) tool. For 27 independent patient cases, various IMRT plan complexity metrics were calculated to assess the deliverability of these plans. A correlation between the gamma pass rates (GPRs) from the AQA results and calculated IMRT complexity metrics was determined using the Pearson correlation coefficients. Tissue heterogeneity complexity metrics were calculated based on the gradient of the Hounsfield units.

Results

The median and interquartile range for the TOPAS GPRs (3%/3 mm criteria) were 97.24% and 3.75%, respectively, and were 99.54% and 0.36% for the AQA tool, respectively. The computational time for TOPAS ranged from 4 to 8 h to achieve a statistical uncertainty of <1.5%, whereas the AQA tool had an average calculation time of a few minutes. Of the 23 calculated IMRT plan complexity metrics, the AQA GPRs had correlations with 7 out of 23 of the calculated metrics. Strong correlations (|r| > 0.7) were found between the GPRs and the heterogeneity complexity metrics introduced in this work.

Conclusions

An independent MC and log file–based IMRT QA tool was successfully developed and can be clinically deployed for offline QA. The complexity metrics will supplement QA reports and provide information regarding plan complexity.
Partially Oxidized Alginate as a Biodegradable Carrier for Glucose‐Responsive Insulin Delivery and Islet Cell Replacement Therapy
Authors: Volpatti Lisa R. , Bochenek Matthew A. , Facklam Amanda L. , Burns Delaney M. , MacIsaac Corina , Morgart Alexander , Walters Benjamin , Langer Robert , Anderson Daniel G.
Published: November 2022

Self‐regulated insulin delivery that mimics native pancreas function has been a long‐term goal for diabetes therapies. Two approaches towards this goal are glucose‐responsive insulin delivery and islet cell transplantation therapy. Here, biodegradable, partially oxidized alginate carriers for glucose‐responsive nanoparticles or islet cells are developed. Material composition and formulation are tuned in each of these contexts to enable glycemic control in diabetic mice. For injectable, glucose‐responsive insulin delivery, 0.5 mm 2.5% oxidized alginate microgels facilitate repeat dosing and consistently provide 10 days of glycemic control. For islet cell transplantation, 1.5 mm capsules comprised of a blend of unoxidized and 2.5% oxidized alginate maintain cell viability and glycemic control over a period of more than 2 months while reducing the volume of nondegradable material implanted. These data show the potential of these biodegradable carriers for controlled drug and cell delivery for the treatment of diabetes with limited material accumulation in the event of multiple doses.
Nanomaterials for NIR‐II Photoacoustic Imaging
Authors: Jiang Shanshan , Lin Jing , Huang Peng
Published: November 2022

Compared with the photoacoustic imaging (PAI) in the first near‐infrared window (NIR‐I, 700–1000 nm), the PAI in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) has the advantages of less background noise, deeper tissue penetration, and larger maximum permissible exposure, which has been become a research hotspot. In this review, the recent advances in nanomaterials for NIR‐II PAI are summarized, including the advantages of NIR‐II PAI and the applications of nanomaterials‐based NIR‐II PAI in biomedical field. The nanomaterials‐based PA contrast agents are classified into three categories, including organic (such as assembled small molecules, conjugated polymers, semiconducting polymers, and phthalocyanines), inorganic (such as metal sulfides, noble metals, carbon nanomaterials, quantum dots, 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides [MXenes], and semimetals), or organic/inorganic hybrid nanomaterials, which are mainly used for imaging and diagnosis of tumor tissues, brain vasculature, inflammation, and other tissues, as well as the monitoring of catalytic reaction processes in vivo. Moreover, the opportunities and challenges of NIR‐II PAI are also expounded.
A review of the relationship between poverty and child abuse and neglect: Insights from scoping reviews, systematic reviews and meta‐analyses
Authors: Skinner Guy C. M. , Bywaters Paul W. B. , Kennedy Eilis
Published: November 2022

An up‐to‐date and accurate picture of the evidence on the impact of poverty is a necessary element of the debate about the future direction of children's social care services internationally. The purpose of this paper is to update evidence about the relationship between poverty and child abuse and neglect (CAN) published since a previous report in 2016 (Bywaters et al., 2016). A systematic search was conducted, identifying seven reviews. Poverty was found to be consistently and strongly associated with maltreatment, be that in terms of familial or community‐level poverty, or in terms of economic security. Findings demonstrated that both the type and the quantity of economic insecurities impacted child maltreatment. Certain economic insecurities – income losses, cumulative material hardship and housing hardship – reliably predicted future child maltreatment. Likewise, as families experienced more material hardship, the risk for maltreatment intensified. In some studies, the relationship between poverty and maltreatment differed by abuse type. Future reviews need to investigate individual papers and their findings across different CAN measures, definitions, samples, abuse types and conceptualisations of poverty to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current research base and the directions which need to be taken to further understand and prevent CAN.
Enantioseparation and molecular modeling study of chiral amines as three naphthaldimine derivatives using amylose or cellulose trisphenylcarbamate chiral stationary phases
Authors: Adhikari Suraj , Bhujbal Swapnil , Paik Man‐Jeong , Lee Wonjae
Published: November 2022

This study describes the enantioseparation of three chiral amines as naphthaldimine derivatives, using normal phase HPLC with amylose and cellulose tris(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phases (CSPs). Three chiral amines were derivatized using three structurally similar naphthaldehyde derivatizing agents, and the enantioselectivity of the CSPs toward the derivatives was examined. The degree of enantioseparation and resolution was affected by the amylose or cellulose‐derived CSPs and aromatic moieties as well as a kind of chiral amine. Especially, efficient enantiomer separation was observed for 2‐hydroxynapthaldimine derivatives on cellulose‐derived CSPs. Molecular docking studies of three naphthaldimine derivatives of leucinol on cellulose tris(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) were performed to estimate the binding energies and conformations of the CSP–analyte complexes. The obtained binding energies were in good agreement with the experimentally determined enantioseparation and elution order.
Simulation analysis of instantaneous impact on the radiant syngas cooler by rapping vibrators
Authors: Cui Hongfei , Yang Weijuan , Shao Lintao , Zhou Zhijun , Zhou Junhu
Published: November 2022

Slag or ash removal from water wall tubes in a radiant syngas cooler (RSC) is a routine task in operation, which can effectively increase the overall thermal efficiency. Rapping ash removal is one of the valid methods for shedding off the ash deposits in the high‐pressure surroundings of the RSC. In this study, the model of a real RSC was established by a numerical simulation based on the finite element software ABAQUS, and modal analysis and instantaneous response analysis (IRA) were researched to reveal the natural vibration characteristics of the RSC and aid the design of rapping ash removal. On the basis of the results of natural vibration characteristics and a subsequent harmony response, 16 Hz was set as the impact frequency, balancing off the vibrator number and the water‐tube displacement effect. It was indicated that ash deposit in the area around 1/2 longitudinal position was easy to remove due to great response to rapping action. Moreover, rapping at ½ position generally obtained greater displacement response in the whole RSC. A rapping design was proposed with six vibrators at the ½ longitudinal position and 16 Hz frequency, and then two rapping intervals were investigated comparatively. The case with a half‐cycle interval had a slightly larger response than the one‐cycle case, with a larger displacement in more circumferential tubes as well as with a greater sound pressure response in the RSC.
PROTOCOL: Home‐based care for people with dementia: A systematic review
Authors: Li Yanfei , Li Xiuxia , Li Rui , Chen Nan , Yang Kehu
Published: November 2022

The abstract section should read: This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows: (1) Which formal HBC services for people with dementia have been tested in an RCT? (2) How effective are the different formal HBC services in improving the physical and mental health outcomes of people with dementia? (3) What is the cost and patient's health service usage of different formal HBC services?
ITULAZAX® versus Alutard SQ® in the treatment of allergic rhinitis induced by pollen from the birch homologous group: A cost‐minimization modeling analysis from the Danish societal perspective
Authors: Rønborg Steen M. , Grand Tobias Sydendal , Brandi Henrik , Pollock Richard F.
Published: November 2022

Background and aims

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory disorder triggered by an allergic immune response to inhaled allergens. Birch pollen is the major allergenic tree pollen in parts of Europe. ITULAZAX® is a sublingual immunotherapy tablet for the treatment of adults with moderate‐to‐severe AR and/or conjunctivitis induced by pollen from the birch homologous group. The aim was to compare the costs of treating AR with ITULAZAX® versus subcutaneous ALUTARD SQ® Betula verrucosa (ALUTARD SQ®) from a Danish societal perspective.

Methods

A cost‐minimization model was developed to capture costs of allergy immunotherapy (AIT), interactions with healthcare professionals (HCPs) in three different care settings (general practice, allergy specialist, and hospital), and indirect costs arising from absenteeism and presenteeism. The cost‐minimization analysis was conducted over a 3‐year time horizon with costs reported in 2021 Danish Kroner (DKK) and Euros (EUR) based on the European Central Bank 365‐day average exchange rate. One‐way sensitivity analyses were performed.

Results

The base case analysis showed that the total cost of treatment over 3 years was estimated to be DKK 49,117 (EUR 6598) per patient with ALUTARD SQ®, compared with DKK 30,996 (EUR 4164) with ITULAZAX®, reflecting a cost saving of DKK 18,121 (EUR 2434) per patient with ITULAZAX® over 3 years. Over the 3‐year time horizon, costs of AIT were predicted to increase by DKK 17,928 (EUR 2408) with ITULAZAX®, while costs of interactions with HCPs were predicted to decrease by DKK 22,528 (EUR 3027) versus ALUTARD SQ®, more than offsetting the increased cost of ITULAZAX®.

Conclusions

Given the equivalent effectiveness of the two AIT products, and the cost savings with ITULAZAX® versus ALUTARD SQ® from a Danish societal perspective, ITULAZAX® should be considered as a cost‐saving alternative to ALUTARD SQ® for the treatment of birch pollen‐induced moderate‐to‐severe AR in adults.
Immobilized Bacterial Cells on Electrospun Nanofibers for Crude Oil Spills Treatment and Bioremediation
Authors: Kegere James , Alblooshi Afra , Nguyen Ha L. , Alnaqbi Mohamed A.
Published: November 2022

Immobilization of biological molecules and cells on nanofibers is widely used in many applications ranging from medical to environmental applications. Immobilization materials provide cells with protection and surface for adhesion which in turn increases their efficiency for a particular application and stability over a longer period. Bioremediation of oil spills has recently become popular since scientists have developed processes that rely on cost‐effectiveness and efficacy in crude oil treatments. For improved and sustainable performance of bioremediation, the system requires the development of cost‐effective carrier substrates which undergo slow biodegradability and present a limited negative impact on the environment. Immobilization of bacteria on electrospun polymeric fibers is a recent research development aided by advances in nanotechnology. This could revolutionize bioremediation, treating the problem of crude oil spill pollution. In this review, we discuss the use of electrospinning to manufacture nanofibers entrapping and encapsulating bacterial cells for effective crude oil spill bioremediation. We go further to explain the recent developments in nanofiber technology with special emphasis on the correlation between method of electrospinning and relevant morphology of the formed fibers.
A One‐step Fluorescence Sensor Based on Molybdenum Disulfide Nanosheets for the Detection of Potassium Ions
Authors: He Shiliang , Fan Taojian , Zhang Yingjie , Wei Chenxi , Chen Zhuolang , Shi Yao , Hu Junqing
Published: November 2022

Determination of potassium ion concentration in biological samples is of great significance due to its vital role in the maintenance of physiological activities. Single or few‐layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD, e. g., MoS2, WS2, TiS2) have recently found wide applications in optoelectronics and biomedical engineering. Herein, for the first time, MoS2 nanosheets were integrated with G‐quadraplex DNA secondary structures to construct a fluorescence sensor for detecting potassium ions. The biosensor showed merits such as ease of preparation, ease of use, low‐cost, broad linear working range, as well as sufficient sensitivity, specificity and practical applicability, demonstrating its promise as an effective potassium ion sensor for practical applications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the combination of TMD nanomaterials and DNA quadraplex for the development of nanodevices. The proposed TMD nanosheets‐G‐quadraplex sensing formulation could enable the devise of other nanomachines and nanosensors considering the versatility of TMD nanomaterials and G‐quadraplex‐containing aptamers.
Translating Academic Drug Discovery Into Clinical Development: A Survey of the Awareness of Regulatory Support and Requirements Among Stakeholders in Europe
Authors: Kallio Marko J. , Starokozhko Viktoriia , Agricola Eleonora , Burggraf Manja , Heß Anne , Ballensiefen Wolfgang , Löbker Wiebke , Nuevo Yoana , Pasmooij Anna M.G. , Mol Peter G.M. ,   the STARS consortium
Published: November 2022

Important discoveries by academic drug developers hold the promise of bringing innovative treatments that address unmet medical needs to the market. However, the drug development process has proved to be challenging and demanding for academic researchers, and regulatory challenges are an important barrier to implementing academic findings in clinical practice. European regulators offer varying degrees of support services to help drug developers meet regulatory standards and requirements. “Strengthening Training of Academia in Regulatory Sciences and Supporting Regulatory Scientific Advice” (STARS) is a European Commission–funded consortium aiming to strengthen the training of academics in regulatory science and requirements. Here, we report the results of four surveys that investigated the awareness and utilization of support tools offered by European regulators and identified the regulatory challenges and support needs of researchers. The surveys targeted four main European stakeholders in academic medicines research: academic research groups (706 respondents), academic research centers (99), funding organizations (49), and regulators (22). The results show that while European regulators provide various regulatory support tools, less than half of the responding academic researchers were aware of these tools and many experienced challenges in reaching a sufficient level of regulatory knowledge. There was a general lack of understanding of the regulatory environment that was aggravated by poor communication between stakeholders. The results of this study form a foundation for an improved European medicines regulatory network, in which regulatory challenges faced by academia are tackled.
Modifying quantitative sensory testing to investigate behavioral reactivity in a pediatric global developmental delay sample: Relation to peripheral innervation and chronic pain outcomes
Authors: Symons Frank J. , Burkitt Chantel C. , Wilcox George , McAdams Brian , Wendelschafer‐Crabb Gwen , Kennedy William R.
Published: November 2022

Early tactile and nociceptive (pain) mechanisms in children with global developmental delay at risk for intellectual and developmental disability are not well understood. Sixteen children with global developmental delay (mean age = 5.1 years, SD = 1.4; 50% male) completed a modified quantitative sensory testing (mQST) protocol, an epidermal (skin) punch biopsy procedure, and parent‐endorsed measures of pain. Children with reported chronic pain had significantly greater epidermal nerve fiber density (ENFd) compared to children without chronic pain. Based on the mQST trials, ENFd values were associated with increased vocal reactivity overall and specifically during the light touch and cool thermal stimulus trials. The findings support the feasibility of an integrative biobehavioral approach to test nociceptive and tactile peripheral innervation and behavioral reactivity during a standardized sensory test in a high‐risk sample for which there is often sensory dysfunction and adaptive behavior impairments.
A multifaceted field sampling approach for the management of extremely narrow endemic vascular plant species
Authors: Marcenò Corrado , Gristina Alessandro Silvestre , Pasta Salvatore , Garfì Giuseppe , Scuderi Leonardo , Fazan Laurence , Perraudin Viviane , Kozlowski Gregor , Laudicina Vito Armando , Venanzoni Roberto , Guarino Riccardo
Published: November 2022

Extremely narrow endemic plant species (ENEs) are generally connected with microrefugia characterized by particular environmental conditions. In‐depth knowledge of the ecological requirements of ENEs is fundamental to plan appropriate conservation measures. Using cross‐cutting technology, this paper gives a multifaceted approach to collect on‐site data on the ecology of ENEs, defines the protocols for a correct sampling design and describes the type of equipment, the time and expenditure needed. Our sampling approach is based on two orthogonal transects, long enough to extrapolate the whole ecological gradient across the area of occupancy of the target species. Microclimatic data are recorded all along the transects through iButton technology, plus a weather station installed at the intersection of the transects. Microtopographic data are recorded with high‐resolution digital elevation model and sub‐metric GPS. Edaphic data are recorded along the transects through standard soil analyses and on‐site evaluation of the seasonal decomposition rate of organic matter. Additionally, vegetation sampling in 4 m2 plots and on‐site germination tests allow to collect data on auto‐ and synecological factors that regulate the life cycle of the target species. Our approach has proved to be cost‐effective and efficient in terms of time spent in the field against the data collected. The most demanding activities were the establishment of the transects and the vegetation sampling. The time spent downloading microclimatic data and testing seed germination was relatively short. Our sampling design allows: (i) to catch as much micro‐topographic variability as possible, both within and out of the tolerance range of the target species, (ii) to minimize the risk of recording identical micro‐topographic conditions compared with a random sampling scheme, and (iii) to ensure quick and relatively easy retrieval of the plots and the equipment both on a multi‐seasonal and multi‐annual basis.
First known observations of brooding, development, and hatching of fertilized eggs for the North Pacific bigeye octopus, Octopus californicus
Authors: Khen Adi , McCormick Lillian R. , Steinke Christine A. , Rouse Greg W. , Zerofski Phil J.
Published: November 2022

The North Pacific bigeye octopus, Octopus californicus (Berry, 1911) is a cold‐water, deep‐sea octopod. Little is known about their biology due to difficulty accessing their natural habitat and obtaining live specimens. Although they are a frequent bycatch product in commercial bottom trawl fisheries, individuals of this species have rarely been raised in captivity and their embryonic development has not yet been documented. Considering these limitations, we were fortunate to have witnessed this process leading to successful hatching in an aquarium setting. Here, we present a brief observational account of the first‐known record of brooding, development, and hatching of fertilized eggs for O. californicus. The incubation time was a maximum of 10 months at a temperature between 8–10°C and embryos hatched over a period of 2.5 months. While more detailed research is needed, this preliminary information contributes to our limited knowledge of this species and supports life history theories of prolonged embryonic development under colder temperatures.
Implications of worsening renal function before hospitalization for acute heart failure
Authors: Wettersten Nicholas , Duff Stephen , Horiuchi Yu , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Mueller Christian , Filippatos Gerasimos , Nowak Richard , Hogan Christopher , Kontos Michael C. , Cannon Chad M. , Müeller Gerhard A. , Birkhahn Robert , Taub Pam , Vilke Gary M. , McDonald Kenneth , Mahon Niall , Nuñez Julio , Briguori Carlo , Passino Claudio , Maisel Alan , Murray Patrick T. , Ix Joachim H.
Published: November 2022

Aims

Kidney function changes dynamically during AHF treatment, but risk factors for and consequences of worsening renal function (WRF) at hospital admission are uncertain. We aimed to determine the significance of WRF at admission for acute heart failure (AHF).

Methods and results

We evaluated a subgroup of 406 patients from The Acute Kidney Injury Neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin Evaluation of Symptomatic heart failure Study (AKINESIS) who had serum creatinine measurements available within 3 months before and at the time of admission. Admission WRF was primarily defined as a 0.3 mg/dL or 50% creatinine increase from preadmission. Alternative definitions evaluated were a ≥0.5 mg/dL creatinine increase, ≥25% glomerular filtration rate decrease, and an overall change in creatinine. Predictors of admission WRF were evaluated. Outcomes evaluated were length of hospitalization, a composite of adverse in‐hospital events, and the composite of death or HF readmission at 30, 90, and 365 days. Biomarkers' prognostic ability for these outcomes were evaluated in patients with admission WRF. One‐hundred six patients (26%) had admission WRF. These patients had features of more severe AHF with lower blood pressure, higher BUN, and lower serum sodium concentrations at admission. Higher BNP (odds ratio [OR] per doubling 1.16–1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.55) and lower diastolic blood pressure (OR 0.97–0.98, 95% CI 0.96–0.99) were associated with a higher odds for the three definitions of admission WRF. The primary WRF definition was not associated with a longer hospitalization, but alternative WRF definitions were (1.3 to 1.6 days longer, 95% CI 1.0–2.2). WRF across definitions was not associated with a higher odds of adverse in‐hospital events or a higher risk of death or HF readmission. In the subset of patients with WRF, biomarkers were not prognostic for any outcome.

Conclusions

Admission WRF is common in AHF patients and is associated with an increased length of hospitalization, but not adverse in‐hospital events, death, or HF readmission. Among those with admission WRF, biomarkers did not risk stratify for adverse events.
Fabrication of Symmetric Polyaniline/Nano‐Titanium Dioxide/Activated Carbon Supercapacitor Device in Different Electrolytic Mediums: Role of High Surface Area of Carbon and Facile Interactions with Nano‐Titanium Dioxide for High‐Performance Supercapacitor
Authors: Singh Gyan , Kumar Yogesh , Husain Samina
Published: November 2022

Four nanocomposite samples of polyaniline/nano titanium dioxide/activated carbon (PANI/nTiO2/AC) via ex situ and in situ polymerization methods are prepared and optimized for electrochemical analysis in three different electrolytes, i.e., acidic H2SO4, basic KOH, and neutral Na2SO4. The results indicate that PANI/nTiO2/AC (PTA2) has a good, interconnected network. The presence of TiO2 nanoparticles promotes the faradaic capacitance, and AC also provides a large surface area for proficient redox reactions. The electrochemical performances of the ternary nanocomposite electrode material are examined by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test with three different electrolytes, i.e., acidic (0.1 m H2SO4), basic (0.1 m KOH), and neutral (0.1 m Na2SO4) aqueous electrolytes. The results reveal that present device attains maximum specific capacitance value 827 F g−1 at 10 mV s−1 in 0.1 m H2SO4 for PTA2 supercapacitor device and shows 72% retain specific capacitance from initial value of specific capacitance after 10 000 GCD cycle. Moreover, it also exhibited maximum energy density of 37 Wh kg−1 at 0.5 mA cm−2 with maximum specific power of 1332 W kg−1. The reason may be attributed to increased π–π conjugated system for PANI with titanium dioxide nanoparticles and AC for providing an effective surface area (343 m2 g−1) for the electrolyte ions to penetrate inside the electrode material and also furnishing efficient diffusion of electrolyte ions in PANI matrix. PTA2 ternary nanocomposite shows more thermal stability than PANI alone. It enhances the overall supercapacitive performance of the supercapacitor device (PTA2 device), which is a symbolic improvement compared to reported articles.
An energy‐aware resource management method in cloud‐based Internet of Things using a multi‐objective algorithm and crowding distance
Authors: Xu Yanfei , Mohammed Adil Hussein
Published: November 2022

Internet of Things (IoT) is predicted to permeate all areas of the physical world, particularly homes and urban settings, in the next years. Cloud‐based IoT is a network of things that can be managed and inspected to create various intelligent systems over the internet. The primary technological difficulty in service computing is swiftly integrating diverse services to serve cross‐organizational business activities. It is one of the famous NP‐hard problems; therefore, this study proposes a novel service composition technique termed multiobjective particle swarm optimization and crowding distance (MOPSO‐CD) approach to solve this problem. The main issue with the MOPSO method is that the search is conducted very quickly, resulting in an incorrect response. To address this issue, we integrate MOPSO with the CD approach to provide an efficient composition service in cloud‐based IoT. The proposed method is simulated using Matlab, and the performance is compared against the performance of three other multi‐objective algorithms. The findings revealed that the proposed method outperforms different algorithms regarding availability, reliability, response time, latency, and energy consumption.
Habituation, part II. Rethinking the habituation paradigm
Authors: Kucharský Šimon , Zaharieva Martina , Raijmakers Maartje , Visser Ingmar
Published: November 2022

The habituation paradigm has been applied to study the development of memory, perception, and other cognitive processes in preverbal infants, making it one of the most prominent experimental paradigms in infant research. However, there are many features of the process of habituation that remain elusive, which results in uncertainty about the best research practices. This article first discusses current practices in habituation research (e.g., the use of habituation criteria) in relation to modelling the process of habituation, revealing several issues that impede progress in the field. To overcome these challenges, we propose to move towards a modelling framework to study critical features of the habituation process. To facilitate this transition, alternative experimental designs are proposed. The article encourages clearer thinking about the process of habituation, such that the theory, design, and analysis are all in line with each other. The article concludes with concrete recommendations to improve current practices in infant habituation research.
Redox‐active ligands as a challenge for electronic structure methods
Authors: Rastetter Ursula , Jacobi von Wangelin Axel , Herrmann Carmen
Published: November 2022

To improve the catalytic activity of 3d transition metal catalysts, redox‐active ligands are a promising tool. These ligands influence the oxidation state of the metal center as well as the ground spin‐state and make the experimental determination of both properties challenging. Therefore, first‐principles calculations, in particular employing density functional theory with a proper choice of exchange‐correlation (xc) functional, are crucial. Common xc functionals were tested on a simple class of metal complexes: homoleptic, octahedral tris(diimine) iron(II) complexes. The spin‐state energy splittings for most of these complexes showed the expected linear dependence on the amount of exact exchange included in the xc functionals. Even though varying redox‐activity affects the electronic structure of the complexes considerably, the sensitivity of the spin‐state energetics to the exact exchange admixture is surprisingly small. For iron(II) complexes with highly redox‐active ligands and for a broad range of ligands in the reduced tris(diimine) iron(I) complexes, self‐consistent field convergence to local minima was observed, which differ from the global minimum in the redox state of the ligand. This may also result in convergence to a molecular structure that corresponds to an energetically higher‐lying local minimum. One criterion to detect such behavior is a change in the sign of the slope for the dependence of the spin‐state energy splittings on the amount of exact exchange. We discuss possible protocols for dealing with such artifacts in cases in which a large number of calculations makes checking by hand unfeasible.