bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinesiophobia among health professionals’ interventions: a scoping review
Authors: Doutre Lilian , Beaumier Maryse , Parent Andrée-Anne , Talbot Sébastien , Tremblay Mathieu
Published: August 2024

Health professionals are regularly confronted with patients suffering from a fear of movement-related pain (unknown as kinesiophobia). The fear-avoidance attitudes and beliefs of healthcare professionals are likely to play a key role in their patients’ therapeutic approach. However, kinesiophobia among health professionals is a relatively young topic. This scoping review aims to explore and catalogue the extent of scientific research that identifies the causes and consequences of kinesiophobia among health professionals while they perform their interventions. The review was based on the Joanna Briggs Institute manual and the PRISMA method for a scoping review. The research was conducted in May 2024 using CINHAL, Medline and Sportdiscus databases with the search terms “fear-avoidance”, ”kinesiophobia“, “pain-related” and “physical therapist”. Out of 2,162 potential studies, thirteen articles were included. No study directly mentioned kinesiophobia among health professionals, but it was studied through fear-avoidance beliefs. Two-thirds of the articles indicate that professionals with fear-avoidance beliefs tend to refer their patients to other specialists less frequently and limit their patients’ activity, despite treatment guidelines. Most of the studies found were physiotherapists’ interventions for chronic back pain patients. The current review emphasizes the need for additional studies involving more healthcare professionals and diverse health conditions.
Transformaciones socio-tecnológicas en el trabajo. Análisis de la producción científica en digitalización, automatización y robotización del trabajo
Authors: Julián Dasten , Bustos Velazquez Felipe
Published: August 2024

Los procesos de digitalización, automatización y robotización del trabajo han cobrado una significativa relevancia en la discusión pública y política a nivel global. Sus características tienden a generar investigación, problematizaciones y conceptualizaciones respecto a los alcances históricos, culturales y sociales de dicho proceso. Uno de los principales ejes de controversia tiende a ser la relación entre tecnología y trabajo. En este artículo analizamos y revisamos algunas de las principales tesis respecto a la transformación socio-tecnológica y sus impactos en el mundo del trabajo. Realizamos un análisis del comportamiento del campo científico en los estudios del trabajo, a partir del análisis bibliométrico de la base WOS entre 1992 y 2023, con el objetivo de relevar la forma en que las comunidades científicas han investigado estos cambios, así como los focos temáticos que se han desarrollado en la comprensión de su complejidad y densidad.
Translating the Esoteric
Authors: Williams Nicholas Morrow
Published: August 2024

The Mahāvairocana sūtra was translated into Chinese by the Indian monk Śubhakarasiṃha 善無畏 (637–735) and the Chinese monk Yixing 一行 (683–727), and Yixing also composed an elaborate commentary based on the teachings of Śubhakarasiṃha. Their efforts to introduce to China this key source for esoteric Buddhist doctrine and ritual offer us a remarkable case study of Buddhological translation. The two translators respond with particular flair to the perennial challenge of translating any Buddhist scriptures, namely, how to deal with foreign terms or phrases that might appear untranslatable. Looking at both the translation and commentary, we can observe how the two translators employed multiple strategies and frequently relied on commentary to clarify the multiple layers of meaning embedded in the source text. In particular, the polysemous Sanskrit word kalpa highlights the ingenuity of the two translators, as their interpretation of this term differs considerably from that implied in the Tibetan translation. Some of their specific choices in the translation had a substantial impact on the future of esoteric Buddhism in East Asia.
Itinerant Judaeo-Muslim Preacher Abū Rayḥāna and His Daughter, Muḥammad’s Concubine Rayḥāna
Authors: Lecker Michael
Published: August 2024

The itinerant Judaeo-Muslim battlefield preacher Abū Rayḥāna, who is still a source of inspiration in our time, fathered Rayḥāna, who became one of Prophet Muḥammad’s concubines. The preacher was active both on the battlefield and in al-Aqṣā mosque. It is unknown whether he was a preacher before Islam, but the materials he used in his preaching probably belonged to his Jewish background. This prosopographical study of father and daughter is of value in its own right as well as for the study of the Prophet Muḥammad’s life and time.
Review of he Akkadian and Sumerian Texts from Ortaköy-Šapinuwa
Authors: Scurlock JoAnn
Published: August 2024

The Akkadian and Sumerian Texts from Ortaköy-Šapinuwa. By Daniel Schwemer and Aygül Süel. Documenta Antiqua Asiae Minoris, vol. 2. Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz, 2021. Pp. xii + 95, illus. €68.
Review of Roma in the Medieval Islamic World: Literacy, Culture and Migration
Authors: Burak Guy
Published: August 2024

Roma in the Medieval Islamic World: Literacy, Culture and Migration. By Kristina Richardson. London: I.B. Tauris, 2022. Pp. ix + 239. $115 (cloth); $26.95 (paper); $24.25 (e-book).
Interrelationship between Social Media Addiction and Mental Health of Emerging Adults
Authors: Yamini P. , Pujar Lata
Published: August 2024

Objective: This study investigates interrelationship between independent factors and social media addiction and mental health of emerging adults.
Study Area and Sample: The study was conducted in the Dharwad district of Karnataka State, India. The research was conducted during the year 2020-21. Total study sample consists of 160 students.  Around 80 students from two arts colleges studying I year and II year and eighty students from two science colleges studying in I year and II year were selected.
Methodology: A general self-structured questionnaires gather information regarding social media usage. Social media addiction tool by Tutgan and Deniz (2015) was used to assess social media addiction and mental health inventory by Jagadish and Srivasthava (1983) was used to assess mental health status.
Results: Results indicate that age had significant negative correlation with social media and significant positive correlation mental health and education of father had significant positive correlation with social media addiction.
Influence of Growing Environments on Growth, Phenology and Fruit Yield of Tomato in Semi-arid Climate of Anand District of Middle Gujarat Region, India
Authors: M. J. Vasani, , M. M. Lunagaria,
Published: August 2024

The investigation was carried out to study the influence of growing environment on growth, phenology and fruit yield of tomato at Agronomy farm, B. A. College of Agriculture, AAU, Anand, Gujarat (India) during kharif (2018-19) and kharif (2019-20) year. The objective was study of crop weather relationship in tomato. The treatment combinations consisting of three planting dates in main plot and three varieties in sub-plot were tested under split plot design with four replications. Three planting dates included D1-1st August, D2-15th August and D3-10th August and three varieties included V1- Arka Rakshak (Hybrid), V2- Anand Tomato-3 and V3- Gujarat Anand Tomato-5 during kharif year 2018-19 and year 2019-2020. During the year 2018-19, highest fruit yield (41.7 t ha-1) was produced under 30th August planting and it was statistically at par with 15th August planting (38.8 t ha-1) and lowest fruit yield was recorded in 1st August planting (35.6 t ha-1). In the year 2019-20, similar trends were observed with slight low fruit yield in comparison to 2018-19. Similarly, in pooled results, significantly higher fruit yield was harvested under 30th August planting (40.7 t ha-1) and it was statistically at par with 15th August planting (37.8 t ha-1). Lowest fruit yield was recorded in 1st August planting (34.6 t ha-1). A similar results pattern were found in yield attributing characters viz, plant height, fruit set percent, yield per plant and fruit weight, yield and yield attributes were found to increase with delayed planting (D3- 30th August). Higher Heliothermal Unit (HTU) accumulated under 30th August planting followed by 15th August planting and 1st August planting. Higher HTU accumulated during year 2018-19 compared to year 2019-20. Correlation study showed that weather parameters had significant associations with dry matter during different phases and fruit yield of tomato. Result revealed that maximum temperature, minimum temperature and mean temperature were in the ranges of 30°C to 33°C, 13°C to 16°C and 23°C to 25 °C, respectively during fruit set stage under growing environment started with planting on 30th August which might be responsible for higher yield of tomato as compared growing environment started earlier for tomato crop.
Impact of Varied Sowing Dates on Seed Quality Parameters in Wheat
Authors: Solanke Amol P. , Raut Dnyaneshwar , Kalbhor Shashianand U. , Nalbale Sandip R. , Lande S. S.
Published: August 2024

The impact of varying sowing dates on the seed quality parameters of wheat is a subject of critical importance in agricultural research. Diverse sowing dates lead to distinct developmental trajectories and maturation patterns in wheat. These variations, in turn, significantly influence critical seed quality parameters. The current research study employed a split-plot design with three replications during the rabi season of 2016-17 at the Wheat Research Unit, Dr. P.D.K.V., Akola (M.S.). The experimental design featured various treatments, encompassing three distinct sowing dates: 15th November, 26th November and 13th December, representing timely sowing, late sowing and extreme late sowing, respectively. The investigation incorporated seven distinct wheat genotypes as variables. Of the parameters studied, including germination percentage, shoot length and seed vigor index, those seeds sown in a timely period exhibited superior performance. In contrast, root length reached its peak in the context of late sown period. This divergence in results underscores the influence of sowing date on specific aspects of wheat growth and development.
Forecast Maize Phenology by Utilizing Thermal Indices under Foot Hills of Shivalik Conditions of Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Koushal Sanjay , S P Sharan , Singh Bhim , Elumle Priyanka , Sarma Hridesh Harsha , Laishram Bibek , Devi Okram Ricky
Published: August 2024

Field experiments were conducted at Farmer fields at different locations of Reasi district, of Jammu region during kharif seasons of 2017, 2018 and 2019 to predict the phenology based on thermal indices in maize crop. The maize crop sown under irrigated conditions matured about one week late as compared to rainfed conditions and took more accumulated thermal time and Heliothermal units in all the three years of study. The accumulated growing degree days (GDD) and Heliothermal units (HTU) were significantly differed among dates; whereas in case of spacings it differed non-significantly except at physiological maturity in rainfed conditions. Mean accumulated growing degree days and Heliothermal units taken by each phenophase were recorded and then used for prediction of phenological development of maize crop. Significant regression equations were observed between different phenological stages of maize and GDD & HTU with the accuracy in the range of 89 to 97 and 54 to 66 per cent, respectively.
Heart Failure: Causes, Symptoms, and Management Strategies
Authors: Chaudhry Raheel , Mahmood Arhum , Ullah Imdad , Urra Evelyn Pineiro , Masmoum Mohd Diya , Atif Anfal , Cabrera Lazaro H. , Ahmed Hassan
Published: August 2024

Cardiac failure (HF) is a multifaceted clinical center described by the incapacity of a heart to sufficiently pump blood leading to inefficient perfusion of tissues. It has two main categories that are represented by ejection fraction: Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF), or Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF). The following review is a summary of research on the diverse causes, symptoms as well as management approaches involved in heart failure. Heart disorder comes about as a result of the following factors: coronary artery disease, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, valvular heart diseases, arrhythmias, and congenital heart defects the main symptoms include shortness of breath, weariness/tiredness, and swelling of the feet among others. Management strategies cover lifestyle modifications, medicines using treatment (e.g. diuretics, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers), and further treatments like cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) consisting of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) along with mechanical circulatory support (MCS); however, there is also heart transplant aside them.’ Future progression in genetic treatment gene therapy, as well as stem cell study, sounds promising over improving results obtained from HF treatment.
Unravelling the Potential Use of Newer Fungicides against Alternaria Blight of Indian Mustard under In vivo
Authors: Thabrez MD , M Vineeth , J Harish , Kumar PV Dinesh , R Karan , R Lakshmeesha , AS Rathi
Published: August 2024

The effectiveness of seven fungitoxicants, namely mancozeb (0.2%), azoxystrobin (0.05%), propiconazole (0.05%), difenconazole (0.05%), thiram, propineb and hexaconazole (0.05%), was evaluated as a single spray at 45 DAS and in combination with mancozeb at 45 DAS before spraying the other four fungicides separately at 60 DAS in field settings for two years in a row, during the rabi seasons of 2020–21 and 2021-22. The amount of efficacy varied across the treatments, but the spraying of several fungitoxicants alone as a single spray treatment or each fungicide in succession with mancozeb (0.2%) considerably reduced the Alternaria blight disease over control. Lower Alternaria blight severity and highest yield of 1676.17 kg/ha has generally been reported when two fungicide combinations, such as mancozeb at 45 DAS and the azoxystrobin fungicides at 60 DAS, are sprayed and highest and lowest siliqua infection was observed in propineb and mancozeb+difenoconazole treatments respectively. Foliar spray with hexaconazole (0.05%) at 60 DAS was found most effective in controlling Alternaria leaf blight severity up to 59.3 percent and Alternaria pod blight severity up to 32.7 percent and increased seed yield upto 29.9 percent or 1506.5 Kg/ha as compared to untreated control.
Kurum Bakımında Kalan Çocuklar: Etkileşimli Kitap Okuma ve Erken Okuryazarlık Becerileri
Authors: Şepitci Sarıbaş Merve , Tezel Şahin Fatma
Published: August 2024

Araştırmada, etkileşimli kitap okuma (EKO) sürecinin çocuk evleri sitesindeki çocukların erken okuryazarlık becerilerine ve bakım personellerinin çocuk edebiyatına yönelik tutumlarına olan etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada, deneysel desenlerden kontrol grupsuz ön test-son test yarı deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubunu, Sivas Çocuk Evleri Sitesindeki 4-6 yaşları arasında 11 çocuk ve 13 bakım personeli oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama araçlarını “Çocuk Genel Bilgi Formu”, “Bakım Personeli Genel Bilgi Formu”, “Erken Okuryazarlık Becerilerini Değerlendirme Aracı” ve “Çocuk Edebiyatına Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği” oluşturmuştur. EKO etkinlikleri, sekiz hafta boyunca haftada üç gün araştırmacılar tarafından bakım personellerinin katılımlarıyla çocuklara uygulanmıştır. Grupların ön test-son test ve kalıcılık testi karşılaştırmalarında Friedman Testi, test sonucunda anlamlı farklılıklar oluşturan grupların saptanmasında Wilcoxon İşaretli Sıralar Testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, EKO etkinliklerinin çocukların ses bilgisel farkındalık becerilerinde, yazı farkındalıklarında, öyküyü anlama becerilerinde, görselleri eşleştirme becerilerinde, yazı yazma öncesi becerilerinde ve erken okuryazarlık becerilerinin toplamında anlamlı farklılıklara yol açtığı görülmüştür. EKO etkinliklerinin, çocukların bu becerilerini geliştirdiği saptanmıştır. Ayrıca EKO etkinliklerinin, bakım personellerinin çocuk edebiyatına yönelik tutumlarını olumlu yönde etkilediği görülmüştür. Bu noktada bakım personellerine EKO yaklaşımıyla ilgili eğitimlerin verilmesi, EKO’yla ilgili programların yaygınlaştırılması ve benzer çalışmaların farklı özelliklerdeki çocuklarla yürütülmesi önerilmiştir.
Unraveling the drivers of the storm time radiation belt response
Authors: Kilpua E. K. J. , Hietala H. , Turner D. L. , Koskinen H. E. J. , Pulkkinen T. I. , Rodriguez J. V. , Reeves G. D. , Claudepierre S. G. , Spence H. E.
Published: March 2015

We present a new framework to study the time evolution and dynamics of the outer Van Allen belt electron fluxes. The framework is entirely based on the large‐scale solar wind storm drivers and their substructures. The Van Allen Probe observations, revealing the electron flux behavior throughout the outer belt, are combined with continuous, long‐term (over 1.5 solar cycles) geosynchronous orbit data set from GOES and solar wind measurements A superposed epoch analysis, where we normalize the timescales for each substructure (sheath, ejecta, and interface region) allows us to avoid smearing effects and to distinguish the electron flux evolution during various driver structures. We show that the radiation belt response is not random: The electron flux variations are determined by the combined effect of the structured solar wind driver and prestorm electron flux levels. In particular, we find that loss mechanisms dominate during stream interface regions, coronal mass ejection (CME) ejecta, and sheaths while enhancements occur during fast streams trailing the stream interface or the CME.
THEMIS observations of electrostatic ion cyclotron waves and associated ion heating near the Earth's dayside magnetopause
Authors: Tang Xiangwei , Cattell Cynthia , Lysak Robert , Wilson Lynn B. , Dai Lei , Thaller Scott
Published: March 2015

We present the first observations of large‐amplitude electrostatic ion cyclotron (EIC) waves near the Earth's dayside magnetopause at MLT of ∼14 using data from Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) satellites. The EIC waves were identified in a boundary layer in the magnetosphere adjacent to the magnetopause where reconnection was occurring. The EIC wave power was primarily at 2fcH (where fcH is the hydrogen cyclotron frequency) and simultaneously observed with perpendicular ion heating. The EIC waves had electric field amplitudes as large as 30 mV/m peak to peak with significant power both perpendicular and parallel to the magnetic field. These amplitudes were greater than those of previously observed ion cyclotron harmonics at the nightside magnetopause. The EIC waves occurred during an interval of enhancements in the quasi‐static electric field and fluctuations in the background magnetic field, plasma density, and temperatures. The observations indicate that a plasma density gradient is a possible source of free energy for the EIC waves. The observed flow shears are not large enough to drive the waves. Whistler mode waves were identified near the EIC wave region but closer to the magnetopause in a region with slightly higher ion and electron temperatures.
Combination of Data
Authors: Cox D. R. , Keogh Ruth H.
Published: March 2015

A general discussion is given of the statistical issues involved in merging information from different sets of data, a common parameter of interest being involved. In the simplest situation, a weighted mean of separate estimates is used, care being needed particularly when the weights themselves are subject to appreciable errors of estimation. The possible impact of systematic errors is discussed. The latter parts of the section concern more complicated situations.
Proportional Hazard Model: Brief Definition
Authors: Ruggeri Fabrizio
Published: March 2015

The article gives the definition of proportional hazard model and points to more detailed ones.
Ultralight, Soft Polymer Sponges by Self‐Assembly of Short Electrospun Fibers in Colloidal Dispersions
Authors: Duan Gaigai , Jiang Shaohua , Jérôme Valérie , Wendorff Joachim H. , Fathi Amir , Uhm Jaqueline , Altstädt Volker , Herling Markus , Breu Josef , Freitag Ruth , Agarwal Seema , Greiner Andreas
Published: March 2015

Ultralight polymer sponges are prepared by freeze‐drying of dispersions of short electrospun fibers. In contrast to many other highly porous materials, these sponges show extremely low densities (<3 mg cm−3) in combination with low specific surface areas. The resulting hierarchical pore structure of the sponges gives basis for soft and reversibly compressible materials and to hydrophobic behavior in combination with excellent uptake for hydrophobic liquids. Owing to their large porosity, cell culturing is successful after hydrophilic modification of the sponges.
In Situ Production of Biofunctionalized Few‐Layer Defect‐Free Microsheets of Graphene
Authors: Gravagnuolo Alfredo M. , Morales‐Narváez Eden , Longobardi Sara , da Silva Everson T. , Giardina Paola , Merkoçi Arben
Published: March 2015

Biological interfacing of graphene has become crucial to improve its biocompatibility, dispersability, and selectivity. However, biofunctionalization of graphene without yielding defects in its sp2‐carbon lattice is a major challenge. Here, a process is set out for biofunctionalized defect‐free graphene synthesis through the liquid phase ultrasonic exfoliation of raw graphitic material assisted by the self‐assembling fungal hydrophobin Vmh2. This protein (extracted from the edible fungus Pleurotus ostreatus) is endowed with peculiar physicochemical properties, exceptional stability, and versatility. The unique properties of Vmh2 and, above all, its superior hydrophobicity, and stability allow to obtain a highly concentrated (≈440–510 μg mL−1) and stable exfoliated material (ζ‐potential, +40/+70 mV). In addition controlled centrifugation enables the selection of biofunctionalized few‐layer defect‐free micrographene flakes, as assessed by Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electrophoretic mobility. This biofunctionalized product represents a high value added material for the emerging applications of graphene in the biotechnological field such as sensing, nanomedicine, and bioelectronics technologies.
meso,β‐Oligohaloporphyrins as Useful Synthetic Intermediates of Diphenylamine‐Fused Porphyrin and meso‐to‐meso β‐to‐β Doubly Butadiyne‐Bridged Diporphyrin
Authors: Fukui Norihito , Yorimitsu Hideki , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: March 2015

The chlorination of β‐halo or β,β‐dihaloporphyrins with 2‐chloro‐1,3‐bis(methoxycarbonyl)guanidine (Palau′Chlor) proceeded selectively at the neighboring unsubstituted meso position to afford meso,β‐dihalo or meso,β,β‐trihaloporphyrins. Such oligohaloporphyrins are useful platforms for constructing more‐elaborate porphyrin‐based extended π systems. For example, meso‐chloro‐β,β‐diiodoporphyrin participated in an efficient single‐step synthesis of a diphenylamine‐fused porphyrin. In addition, meso‐chloro‐β‐iodoporphyrin was transformed in stepwise fashion into an efficiently conjugated meso‐to‐meso,β‐to‐β doubly butadiyne‐linked porphyrin dimer, a system which was previously difficult to access without such haloporphyrin precursors.
Phosphorus‐Modified Tungsten Nitride/Reduced Graphene Oxide as a High‐Performance, Non‐Noble‐Metal Electrocatalyst for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Yan Haijing , Tian Chungui , Wang Lei , Wu Aiping , Meng Meichen , Zhao Lu , Fu Honggang
Published: March 2015

Phosphorus‐modified tungsten nitride/reduced graphene oxide (P‐WN/rGO) is designed as a high‐efficient, low‐cost electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). WN (ca. 3 nm in size) on rGO is first synthesized by using the H3[PO4(W3O9)4] cluster as a W source. Followed by phosphorization, the particle size increase slightly to about 4 nm with a P content of 2.52 at %. The interaction of P with rGO and WN results in an obvious increase of work function, being close to Pt metal. The P‐WN/rGO exhibits low onset overpotential of 46 mV, Tafel slope of 54 mV dec−1, and a large exchange current density of 0.35 mA cm−2 in acid media. It requires overpotential of only 85 mV at current density of 10 mA cm−2, while remaining good stability in accelerated durability testing. This work shows that the modification with a second anion is powerful way to design new catalysts for HER.
Transnational connections, competences and identities: experiences of Chinese international students after their return ‘home’
Authors: Gu Qing , Schweisfurth Michele
Published: March 2015

International students constitute a substantial and growing mobile population globally. However, as yet, the experiences of returnees and the ways in which their overseas studies impact on their identity and professional and personal lives over time have been under‐researched areas. In this article we employ concepts from theories of transnationalism as a framework for the analysis of the experiences of Chinese graduate returnees. The empirical basis for the article is a 20‐month, two‐stage, mixed‐method study of 652 Chinese students who returned home for work on completion of their degrees in UK universities over the last 25+ years. Evidence suggests that their journeys of studying abroad and returning home are dynamic and interconnected transnational experiences. Such experiences are avenues for diverse social networks that reinforce a complex cosmopolitan identity and awareness. They are, also, avenues for transnational(ised) new competences, skills and worldviews, which are increasingly valued by the students themselves upon return home. Irrespective of differences in their demographics and backgrounds, studying and living abroad was perceived by most returnees in our research as a profound identity transformating experience. These new connections, competences and identities enabled them to view and live life with a new sense of self at ‘home’ and, as a result, function in ways that continued to distinguish themselves from those around them over time. The findings have implications for higher education institutions and agencies that are concerned with enhancing the quality of university internationalisation. They also have implications for a broadened empirical and conceptual understanding of transnationalism.
No‐man's Land: Adoption Storied Through the Aotearoa/New Zealand Adoption Act 1955
Authors: Blake Denise , Coombes Leigh
Published: March 2015

The Aotearoa/New Zealand Adoption Act 1955 legislated and governed adoption practices from 1955 to 1985. Through an exploration of the historical, cultural and social assumptions underlying the Adoption Act 1955, this article questions how the social power relations complicit with adoption legislation and policy produce and reproduce subject positions for adoptees. In‐depth narrative interviews were conducted with 12 adoptees from throughout Aotearoa/New Zealand. The researchers found the legal constitution of adoptees produces them as legitimate; however, they remain ‘other’ through dominant discourses of heteronormative blood kinship that reiterates their illegitimacy. The legal fiction of their legitimacy as if born to failed to secure them space within normative narratives of kinship and compromised adoptees' ability to take up responsibility as neoliberal citizens. Current New Zealand debate on adoption fails to take account of the experience of adoptees, focusing instead on the rights of married couples, including same‐sex couples, to continue practices of adoption. Our analysis informs the critical importance of listening to how adoptees experience repeated exclusions and enduring loss represented by the metaphor of no‐man's land. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IBX Oxidation of Benzenedimethanols in the Presence of Cucurbit[8]uril
Authors: Cong Hang , Chen Qiuju , Geng Qingxia , Tao Zhu , Yamato Takehiko
Published: March 2015

The cucurbit[8]uril (Q[8]) mediated oxidation of benzenedimethanols with o‐iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) in aqueous solution has been investigated, and the results reveal the supramolecular catalysis depends on the electronic and geometric structure of substrate. In the cases of o‐benzenedimethanol (1a) and m‐benzenedimethanol (1b), the IBX oxidation could be obviously enhanced by the addition of Q[8] at different extent. There is no observation of the catalytic activity of Q[8] when p‐benzenedimethanol (1c) is subjected to the IBX oxidation. The addition amount of Q[8] is discussed herein, and the addition of more than 10% mol catalyst cannot improve the oxidation much more. The investigation of host‐guest interactions by isothermal titration calorimetry implies the supramolecular catalysis is related to the formation of complexes between benzenedimethanols and cucurbit[8]uril.
pH‐Sensitive Gold Nanorods with a Mesoporous Silica Shell for Drug Release and Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Zhang Ting , Ding Zeyang , Lin Huiming , Cui Liru , Yang Chunyu , Li Xin , Niu Hao , An Na , Tong Ruihan , Qu Fengyu
Published: March 2015

A pH‐sensitive nanocarrier has been developed for the controlled intracellular release of drugs. The nanocarrier, which is approximately 75 nm in size, is composed of a gold nanorod (GNR) core and mesoporous silica shell (GNR@mSiO2) and shows good stability and biocompatibility, and excellent photothermal effects. Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX), a typical anticancer drug, was adopted as the model drug, and was connected to the mesoporous silica through Schiff base bonding. The drug‐loading nanocarriers (GNR@mSiO2‐DOX) exhibit enhanced drug release under acidic conditions owing to the sensitive Schiff base linker, whereas at high pH values low levels of premature release can be detected. The sensitive release mechanism was further investigated by monitoring the zeta potential before and after drug release. HeLa cells were used as typical cancer cells, and detailed cell experiments were carried out to confirm the good biocompatibility, rapid uptake, and acid‐enhanced drug delivery of GNR@mSiO2‐DOX. Moreover, the synergistic effect of chemotherapy and hyperthermia (photothermal effect from GNRs) of the nanocarrier can be expected to lead to improved therapy effects on cancer treatment.
Armochaetoglobins K–R, Anti‐HIV Pyrrole‐Based Cytochalasans from Chaetomium globosum TW1‐1
Authors: Chen Chunmei , Zhu Hucheng , Wang Jianping , Yang Jing , Li Xiao‐Nian , Wang Jing , Chen Keliang , Wang Yanyan , Luo Zengwei , Yao Guangmin , Xue Yongbo , Zhang Yonghui
Published: March 2015

Eight rare pyrrole‐based cytochalasans, termed armochaetoglobins K–R (1–8), along with three known analogues (9–11), were isolated from the solid culture broth of Chaetomium globosum TW1‐1, a symbiotic fungus derived from the medicinal terrestrial arthropod Armadillidium vulgare. Their structures were elucidated using a combination of spectroscopic analysis, a single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction experiment, and an electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation. Compounds 4–8 represent the first examples of chaetoglobosin‐type cytochalasans with an sp3 methine carbon at C‐18. All of the isolates were evaluated for their anti‐HIV activities in vitro, and compounds 2–4, 7, 8, and 10 showed significant anti‐HIV activities, with EC50 values ranging from 0.11 to 0.55 μM, and selectivity index (SI) values ranging from 12.33 to 75.42. A plausible biosynthetic pathway was proposed to explain the origin of the pyrrole ring.
Multi‐Expanded Porphyrin Assemblies on Cyclophosphazene Scaffolds
Authors: Kaur Tejinder , Khan Tamanna K. , Ravikanth Mangalampalli
Published: March 2015

Cyclotriphosphazene and cyclotetraphosphazene appended with six and eight sapphyrin units, respectively, were prepared by treating N3P3Cl6 and N4P4Cl8 with the appropriate equivalents of 5,10,15‐tri(p‐tolyl)‐20‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐25,27,29‐trithiasapphyrin in tetrahydrofuran (THF) in the presence of Cs2CO3 at temperatures of 0 to 60 °C for 8–12 h. The two multi‐expanded porphyrin assemblies were soluble in common organic solvents, and their identities were confirmed by their corresponding molecular ion peak in the MALDI‐TOF mass spectra. 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques were used to deduce the molecular structures of the mult‐expanded porphyrin assemblies. Absorption spectral studies showed that the band positions of the multisapphyrin assemblies were similar to that of the monomeric sapphyrin, but the extinction coefficients were three‐ to fourfold higher than that of the monomeric sapphyrin. The multisapphyrin assemblies are not very stable under redox conditions.
Synthesis of Chiral β‐Aminomalonates from 2‐Chlorotetrafluoroethanesulfinyl Aldimines through the Mannich Reaction
Authors: Yang Kai , Jiang Min , Liu Jin‐Tao
Published: March 2015

An efficient method for the synthesis of chiral β‐aminomalonates in good yields and with high diastereoselectivities was achieved through Mannich reactions between 2‐chlorotetrafluoroethanesulfinyl aldimines and dialkyl malonates in the presence of N‐trimethylsilylimidazole. Further transformation of the products gave the corresponding β‐lactams in good yields and with high optical purities.
Synthesis of Fluorine‐Containing 3,3‐Disubstituted Oxetanes and Alkylidene Oxetanes
Authors: Laporte Romain , Prunier Anais , Pfund Emmanuel , Roy Vincent , Agrofoglio Luigi A. , Lequeux Thierry
Published: March 2015

Access to fluoroalkylidene‐oxetanes and ‐azetidines was realized from 3‐oxetanone, 3‐azetidinone, and fluorosulfones through the Julia–Kocienski reaction. This approach allows the preparation of new precursors of fluorinated four‐membered rings that contain a nucleic base, an ester or aryl sulfone function, and a pyrrolidine ring. Benzothiazolyl‐sulfone‐mediated aza‐Michael addition reaction of nitrogen nucleophiles enables access to 3,3‐disubstituted oxetanes.
Hydrotreating reactions of tall oils over commercial NiMo catalyst
Authors: Anthonykutty Jinto M. , Linnekoski Juha , Harlin Ali , Lehtonen Juha
Published: March 2015

Catalytic hydrotreating is an attractive method for upgrading bio‐derived oils into renewable feedstocks with less oxygen content, suitable for producing valuable hydrocarbons through various petro‐refinery processes. This study evaluates the catalytic activity of a commercial alumina (Al2O3) supported NiMo catalyst for hydrotreating tall oil feeds such as crude tall oil (CTO), distilled tall oil (DTO), and tall oil fatty acid (TOFA). Catalytic experiments carried out in a bench‐scale fixed bed reactor set‐up at different process conditions [space velocity (1–3 h−1), temperature (325–450°C), and H2 pressure (5 MPa)] produced a wide‐range of products from tall oil feeds. Hydrotreating of TOFA produced highest yield of n‐alkanes (>80 wt%) compared to DTO and CTO hydrotreating. A high conversion of fatty acids and resin acids was obtained in DTO hydrotreating. In CTO hydrotreating, a drop in conversion of fatty acids and resin acids was observed especially at the lowest temperature tested (325°C). The study revealed that there are various deoxygenation pathways preferential at different hydrotreating temperatures. As an example for TOFA, the decarboxylation route is dominant over the hydrodeoxygenation route at high temperatures (>400°C).
Clinical analysis of 1629 newly diagnosed malignant lymphomas in current residents of Sichuan province, China
Authors: Wang Xue‐mei , Bassig Bryan A. , Wen Jing‐jing , Li Gan‐di , Liu Zhi‐bin , Yao Wen‐xiu , Hu Wei , Wang Ying , Li Ji‐man , Wang Xiao‐dong , Gan Mao‐zhou , Wang Chun‐sen , Xu Gang , Rothman Nathaniel , Lan Qing , Xu Cai‐gang
Published: March 2015

Previous studies in other provinces of China (Beijing, Xinjiang, Shanxi, Jiangxi, Shanghai, Guangdong, and Taiwan) suggest that the distributions of lymphoma subtypes differ compared with Western populations. In order to evaluate the characteristics of malignant lymphoma in Sichuan, China, we analyzed case series data from incident lymphoma patients diagnosed in 2008 from three hospitals, including a total of 1629 cases and including only current residents of Sichuan. The median age of diagnosis for cases was 54 years, with a higher proportion of male cases compared with female cases. The most commonly diagnosed subtypes included diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (40.4%), NK/T‐cell lymphoma (NKTCL; 11.8%), mixed cellularity Hodgkin lymphoma (7.0%), mantle cell lymphoma (4.8%), and marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma (3.9%). Differences in demographic characteristics between Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) cases were apparent for median age at diagnosis (HL: 34 years; NHL: 57 years), and NHLs accounted for nearly all (99.3%) of the 931 cases of extranodal lymphoma. These findings indicate a higher proportion of NKTCL cases and a lower proportion of follicular lymphoma cases (2.3%) in these hospitals in Sichuan, relative to reports from some other provinces within China (e.g., Shanghai and Shanxi) and the USA. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Governance challenges in the Nepalese primary health care system: time to focus on greater community engagement?
Authors: Gurung Gagan , Derrett Sarah , Hill Philip C. , Gauld Robin
Published: March 2015

Nepal has seen impressive recent health gains through a successful community‐based health program. However, governance challenges remain within the Nepalese primary health care system that include under‐staffing and absenteeism, limited health facility opening hours, poor supervision and monitoring, and insufficient financial management. We propose that these be addressed through expanded community engagement and a power shift towards local communities, enhancing skills of community representatives in co‐managing health facilities and of service providers to effectively engage the community, increased quality of community participation, and improved documentation of the process and impact of engagement on health outcomes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Addressing health system barriers to access to and use of skilled delivery services: perspectives from Ghana
Authors: Ganle John Kuumuori , Fitzpatrick Raymond , Otupiri Easmon , Parker Michael
Published: March 2015

Poor access to and use of skilled delivery services have been identified as a major contributory factor to poor maternal and newborn health in sub‐Saharan African countries, including Ghana. However, many previous studies that examine norms of childbirth and care‐seeking behaviours have focused on identifying the norms of non‐use of services, rather than factors, that can promote service use. Based on primary qualitative research with a total of 185 expectant and lactating mothers, and 20 healthcare providers in six communities in Ghana, this paper reports on strategies that can be used to overcome health system barriers to the use of skilled delivery services. The strategies identified include expansion and redistribution of existing maternal health resources and infrastructure, training of more skilled maternity caregivers, instituting special programmes to target women most in need, improving the quality of maternity care services provided, improving doctor–patient relationships in maternity wards, promotion of choice, protecting privacy and patient dignity in maternity wards and building partnerships with traditional birth attendants and other non‐state actors. The findings suggest the need for structural changes to maternity clinics and routine nursing practices, including an emphasis on those doctor–patient relational practices that positively influence women's healthcare‐seeking behaviours. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
STUDIES OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Authors: Shea John D.
Published: March 2015

This paper reviews research dealing with problem solving abilities amongst Papua New Guineans. Studies concerned with individual intelligence tests, group intelligence tests, achievement tests, conservation measures, classificatory skills, and formal operational thinking are considered. Data are discussed which compared the performance of Papua New Guinean children and adults with people elsewhere, and with foreigners resident in Papua New Guinea. As well, important differences within Papua New Guinea related in particular to schooling and language‐culture group are noted. By contrast with some previous conclusions about the cognitive skills of Papua New Guineans, it is concluded that while there are differences between some Papua New Guinean groups and groups from English speaking countries in problem‐solving performance, developmental patterns appear to be similar. Thus, educated. Papua New Guineans eventually achieve the highest levels of formal thinking.
A novel photochemical cross‐linking technology to improve luminal gain, vessel compliance, and buckling post‐angioplasty in porcine arteries
Authors: Munger Karen A. , Downey Therese M. , Haberer Barb , Pohlson Katie , Marshall Lindsey L. , Utecht Ronald E.
Published: March 2015

Development of substituted 1,8‐naphthalimides for photochemical cross‐linking of biomolecules is the focus of this research. This study describes limited cross‐linking of collagen in the artery wall to control recoil and buckling in arteries following balloon angioplasty. Isolated porcine arteries were overstretched (25%) with balloon angioplasty (BA) +/‐ light‐activated naphthalimide treatment (NVS). Lumen size and recoil were measured as retention of stretch after angioplasty. Cross‐sectional compliance and distensibility coefficients were measured as slope of cross‐sectional area versus increasing hydrostatic pressure. Buckling was measured, with 30% axial pre‐stretch and 200 mmHg, as deviation from the center line. Electron microscopy evaluation of collagen fibers was conducted. Results: Uninjured arteries have low compliance and low levels of buckling, whereas the BA‐injured arteries demonstrated much greater compliance and buckling behavior. Treatment of the injured artery with NVS reduced buckling and demonstrated compliance midway between the two groups while retaining the increased luminal diameter imparted by angioplasty compared to untreated vessels. In summary, limited collagen cross‐linking with NVS treatment resulted in lumen retention, as well as improved compliance without the accompanying rigidity and stiffness of conventional stent therapy or current cross‐linking materials. This treatment shows great promise for dilation, repair and strengthening of arteries damaged by injury or vascular disease. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 375–384, 2016.
Evaluation of deep eutectic solvents as co‐solvent for steroids 1‐en‐dehydrogenation biotransformation by Arthrobacter simplex
Authors: Mao Shuhong , Yu Lu , Ji Shaoxian , Liu Xiaoguang , Lu Fuping
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUND

As a low‐cost alternative to the traditional ionic liquids (ILs), deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have currently attracted increasing attention for their various applications including biocatalysis. This study aimed at analyzing the effect of DESs on Δ1, 2‐dehydrogeneration of cortisone acetate(CA) to prednisone acetate (PA) by Arthrobacter simplex.

RESULTS

Of the three DESs examined, ChCl:U was successfully employed as co‐solvent to improve the bioconversion efficiency. For substrate feeding concentration of 5 g L−1, substrate conversion reached 93% by immobilized A. simplex cells (4 gDW L−1) with ChCl:U content of 6%, which is more efficient than conversions without DESs. Importantly, it has been shown that DESs and the immobilized cells can be easily recovered and then reused for five batches of bioconversion with a final conversion above 80%.

CONCLUSION

Our results show the potential use of DESs‐based systems in industrial steroid biodehydrogenation by A. simplex, and provide an environmentally benign means of steroid biotransformation. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Diversity among mandarin varieties and natural sub‐groups in aroma volatiles compositions
Authors: Goldenberg Livnat , Yaniv Yossi , Doron‐Faigenboim Adi , Carmi Nir , Porat Ron
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUND

Mandarins constitute a large, diverse and important group within the Citrus family. Here, we analysed the aroma volatiles compositions of 13 mandarin varieties belonging to seven genetically different natural sub‐groups that included common mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco), clementine (C. clementina Hort. ex. Tan), satsuma (C. unshiu Marcovitch), Mediterranean mandarin (C. deliciosa Tenore), King mandarin (C. nobilis Loureiro), and mandarin hybrids, such as tangor (C. reticulata × C. sinensis) and tangelo (C. reticulata × C. paradisi).

RESULTS

We found that mandarin varieties among tangors (‘Temple’, ‘Ortanique’), tangelos (‘Orlando’, ‘Minneola’) and King (‘King’) had more volatiles, at higher levels, and were richer in sesquiterpene and ester volatiles, than other varieties belonging to the sub‐groups common mandarin (‘Ora’, ‘Ponkan’), clementine (‘Oroval’, ‘Caffin’), satsuma (‘Okitsu’, ‘Owari’) and Mediterranean mandarin (‘Avana’, ‘Yusuf Efendi’). Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis accurately differentiated between mandarin varieties and natural sub‐groups according to their aroma‐volatile profiles.

CONCLUSIONS

Although we found wide differences in aroma‐volatiles compositions among varieties belonging to different natural sub‐groups, we detected only minor differences among varieties within any natural sub‐group. These findings suggest that selecting appropriate parents would enable manipulation of aroma‐volatile compositions in future mandarin breeding programmes. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Sonographic evidence of abnormal tracheal cartilage ring structure in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Diwakar Amit , Adam Ryan J. , Michalski Andrew S. , Tamegnon Monelle M. , Fischer Anthony J. , Launspach Jan L. , Horan Rebecca A. , Kao Simon C. , Chaloner Kathryn , Meyerholz David K. , Stoltz David A.
Published: March 2015

Objectives/Hypothesis

Tracheal cartilage ring structural abnormalities have been reported in cystic fibrosis (CF) mice and pigs. Whether similar findings are present in humans with CF is unknown. We hypothesized that tracheal cartilage ring shape and size would be different in people with CF.

Study Design

Tracheal cartilage ring size and shape were measured in adults with (n = 21) and without CF (n = 18).

Methods

Ultrasonography was used in human subjects to noninvasively assess tracheal cartilage ring structure in both the sagittal and the transverse planes. Tracheal cartilage ring thickness was also determined from histological sections obtained from newborn non‐CF and CF pigs. These values were compared with human data.

Results

Human CF tracheas had a greater width and were less circular in shape compared to non‐CF subjects. CF tracheal cartilage rings had a greater midline cross‐sectional area and were thicker compared to non‐CF rings. Maximal tracheal cartilage ring thickness was also greater in both newborn CF pigs and human adults with CF, compared to non‐CF controls.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that structural differences exist in tracheal cartilage rings in adults with CF. Comparison with newborn CF pig data suggests that some of these changes may be congenital in nature.

Level of Evidence

3b Laryngoscope, 125:2398–2404, 2015