bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Advanced Authentication Scheme for E-evaluation Using Students Behaviors Over E-learning Platform
Authors: Khlifi Yassine
Published: February 2020

E-learning became attractive choices for academic institutions owing to their benefits, especially offering transparent and fast students' evaluation as well as innovative teaching methods. However, security issues related to e-learning have been raised by its stakeholders mainly faculty members, students, and administration. Authenticate examination takers during the electronic evaluation (e- evaluation), comprising assessment (E-assessment) and exam (E-exam), is a major challenge. In this paper, an advanced scheme is proposed to resolve this imperative challenge by introducing an efficient secure approach for supervising e-evaluation. The scheme collects information related to student and its behavior during the courses' activities and uses them for controlling unethical behavior during e-evaluation. The proposal doesn't need additional components and considered the continuous authentication using the random generation of a variable number of questions built from the collected information. The concerned student must respond to these questions which are generated periodically throughout the e-evaluation for guaranteeing his continuous authentication. Simulation experiments are conducted to validate our approach in which the obtained results show that student authentication is effectively guaranteed at a low cost whatever the student number and whatever the e-evaluation content.
An Empirical Evaluation of E-Portfolio Critical Success Factors
Authors: Balaban Igor
Published: February 2020

This paper further explores and empirically evaluates Critical Success Fac-tors (CSFs) for successful implementation of the next generation of ePortfo-lio systems in academic institutions. Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) is used to empirically evaluate the nature of CSFs and to determine their relationships. The identified factors were found to be critical for the successful implementation and deployment of ePortfolios. Moreover, three-level hierarchy between CSFs has been revealed and presented in the final ISM model. In the end, the main drivers for successful implementation of ePortfolio in educational settings were detected and their influence on the remaining CSFs was explained.
Positron emission tomography–computed tomography-associated incidental neoplasms of the thyroid gland
Authors: Kamakshi K , Krishnamurthy Arvind , Karthik V , Vinodkumar Preetha , Kumar R , Lakshmipathy K
Published: February 2020

With the increasing use of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) scans in oncology, the finding of thyroid incidentalomas, also popularly described as PET-associated incidental neoplasms (PAINs) of the thyroid gland is not unusual. The 18F-FDG PET-CT scans of all patients who underwent imaging for indications other than thyroid malignancy at our tertiary care center between January 1 and December 31, 2017, were retrospectively reviewed for PAINs of the thyroid. A total of 173718F-FDG PET-CT scans were done at our center in the year 2017. 288 thyroid incidentalomas were detected in the said period; the rate of PET-CT-detected thyroid incidentalomas being 16.58%, focal incidentalomas among them being 11.7%. Only 29 out of 204 patients (14.21%) with focal thyroid incidentalomas in our cohort underwent an aspiration cytology and/or ultrasound. The rate of malignancy among the PET detected focal thyroid incidentalomas in the cohort of patients with a proven diagnosis was 10.34%. Our study highlights the challenges in the evaluation and management of PAIN in a tertiary care oncology setting. None of the factors studied including nodule size and standardized uptake value predicted the risk of malignancy. Clinicians specializing in the management of thyroid nodules need to understand the clinical significance of the PAIN, and we hope that our unique experience adds to the limited clinical information available in this regard.
Surface, Bulk, and Geometric Partial Differential Equations: Interfacial, stochastic, non-local and discrete structures
Authors: Elliott Charles M. , Garcke Harald , Kornhuber Ralf
Published: February 2020

Partial differential equations in complex domains with free boundaries and interfaces continue to be flourishing research areas at the interfaces between PDE theory, differential geometry, numerical analysis and applications. Main themes of the workshop have been PDEs on evolving domains, phase field approaches, interactions of bulk and surface PDEs, curvature driven evolution equations. Applications particular from biology, such as cell and cancer modelling and fluid as well solid mechanics have been subjects of the conference.
Moist Processes in the Atmosphere
Authors: Khouider Boualem , Klein Rupert , Smith Leslie M.
Published: February 2020

Processes related to water in the atmosphere lead to severe uncertainties in weather forecasting and climate research. Atmospheric water vapor and cloud water strongly influence the Earth’s energy budget through, e.g., energy conversions associated with phase changes, fluid dynamical effects associated with buoyancy, and through their influence on radiative transfer properties of the atmosphere. Given the critical green-house effect of water vapor, it seems astounding that climate modellers cannot with certainty state whether the Earth’s cloud system has a positive or negative influence on the global mean temperature. The formation of clouds involves small-scale processes currently unresolved by climate models, and thus cloud cover is one of the main sources of uncertainty. This large uncertainty has its roots in the extremely wide range of length and time scales associated with moist processes, which pose an equally wide range of challenges to mathematical and computational modelling.

New and innovative methods, modeling frameworks, efficient computational techniques, and complex statistical data analysis procedures as well as their mathematical analysis are urgently needed in order to make progress in this new field – from the mathematicians point of view. One of the main goals of this workshop is to show the path forward for current and future applied mathematical scientists, to work hand in hand across the disciplines of mathematics, physics, and atmospheric science, in order to tackle the complex problem of dynamical and thermodynamical processes associated with clouds and moisture, both from the theoretical and the applied view points.
Potential of Waqf in Contemporary World
Authors: Syed Khalid Rashid Syed Khalid Rashid
Published: February 2020

Waqf resources which once used to finance the social welfare needs of the
Muslim society, have now lost much of their vigor due to the economic ill-health of
Muslims. Now, as new awqāf are not created often, a short-term measure to
overcome the problem is to develop the existing awqāf and also to consider certain
such measures which may enhance the income generation capability and
administrative well-being of awqāf. With this in view, this brief write-up discusses in
relative detail the issues inherent in the development of awqāf, better utilization of
cash waqf, debate on perpetuity of waqf, state intervention and also whether origin of
trust lies in waqf and a futuristic model of waqf management by separating religious
awqāf (like mosques, graveyards, etc.) and secular awqāf so as to confine state
intervention to secular awqāf alone.
نحو موجة ثانية لإحياء الوقف في العالم الإسلامي
Authors: طارق عبدالله طارق عبدالله
Published: February 2020

. تركز أغلب الأدبيات العربية المعاصرة ذات الصلة بموضوع الوقف على مسألتين رئيستين؛ تتعلق الأولى ببيان مفهومه وحكمه وشروطه. وترتبط الثانية، بالأدوار التي قام بها الوقف في مستويات اجتماعية وثقافية واقتصادية مختلفة، مع دعوات وتوصيات لتفعيل الوقف في مجتمعاتنا المعاصرة. غير أن هذه الأدوار، كما جاءت مثلاً في الورقة الرئيسة للدكتور الفاضل محمد موفق الأرناؤوط، إنما حصلت في حقيقة الأمر نتيجة لحالة عملية أصبح الوقف يمثِّلها ضمن الاجتماع الإسلامي، ونجاحه كنسق فرعي في أن يتداخل ثقافة وحركة مع النسيج الاجتماعي الكلي. وعليه فإن الحديث عن الوقف وأهميته وأدواره في المجتمعات الإسلامية المعاصرة إنما يرتبط في حقيقة الأمر بتوفر شروط قيام هذه الحالة وإمكانية إعادة بنائها بمفردات الحاضر، ورسم مستقبل الوقف ضمن متطلباتها. وهذا ما تتناوله الورقة وتسلط الضوء عليه عبر ست فقرات مشفوعة بخاتمة تتضمن أهم النتائج والتوصيات.
Cardioprotective effects of erythropoietin in diabetic rats determined by CD34 and vascular endothelial growth factor levels
Authors: Oztas Didem Melis , Meric Mert , Beyaz Metin Onur , Onalan Mehmet , Sonmez Kivilcim , Oter Kerem , Ziyade Sedat , Omer Beyhan , Alpagut Ufuk , Ugurlucan Murat
Published: February 2020

Introduction

In this study, the effects of diabetes mellitus on the cardiovascular system were investigated by assessing the stem cell levels in serum and heart and compared with the normal population. Additionally, efficacy of erythropoietin, which is known to increase stem cells, was studied in diabetic rats.

Material and methods

Twenty-five male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups as a control group (group 1), diabetic group (group 2) and erythropoietin induced diabetic group (group 3). A diabetes model was created with streptozocin. In group 3 rats received 3000 U/kg of erythropoietin. At the end of 1 month blood reticulocyte levels, degree of tissue fibrosis and immunohistochemical assessment of reliable stem cell markers, CD34 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), were analyzed.

Results

The increase in the blood glucose levels resulted in a significant decrease in reticulocyte levels in group 2. The increase in blood glucose levels resulted in a statistically significant increase in tissue level of fibrosis, CD34 and VEGF. When the rats in groups 1 and 2 were compared, the fibrosis, CD34 and VEGF levels were found to increase significantly. When group 2 and group 3 were compared, the amount of fibrosis was lower and the levels of CD34 and VEGF were significantly higher in group 3 than group 2.

Conclusions

The results of our study indicated that the amount of CD34 and VEGF which function in cellular protection and tissue regeneration may be enhanced with safely applicable erythropoietin leading to increase in reticulocyte levels in serum, and CD34 and VEGF levels in right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle as a protective mechanism in diabetic rats.
Relationship between dimensions of grandiose narcissism and Facebook addiction among university students
Authors: Balcerowska Julia , Biernatowska Adriana , Golińska Paulina , Barańska Julia
Published: February 2020

Background

The present study aimed to examine the relationship between different dimensions of grandiose narcissism and Facebook addiction among undergraduate students. In the Polish population, grandiose narcissism has been shown to have a four-factor structure: Self-sufficiency, Vanity, Leadership and Admiration demand. Stud-ies consistently show that grandiose narcissism is related to Facebook addiction. However, it is still not clear which dimensions of grandiose narcissism are particularly related to this addiction.

Participants and procedure

The sample consisted of 486 students (313 women, 173 men). The mean age in the sample was M = 21.56 (SD = 4.50). Students were invited to participate anonymously in the study during lectures or classes. Part of the sample completed the questionnaire featured on Facebook. Valid and reliable psychometric tools were applied to assess grandiose narcissism, the Big Five personality traits and Facebook addiction.

Results

The results showed that Facebook addiction was positively related to Admiration demand and negatively relat-ed to Self-sufficiency after controlling for age, gender, and the Big Five personality traits. However, there was no relationship between Vanity or Leadership and Facebook addiction above and beyond other study variables.

Conclusions

The results showed that a particular dimension of grandiose narcissism (i.e. passive and dependent on others) could be viewed as a risk factor of Facebook addiction. On the other hand, the active and independent dimen-sion of grandiose narcissism could be viewed as a protective factor in the context of Facebook addiction.
The Polish adaptation of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance SATAQ 3 Questionnaire
Authors: Izydorczyk Bernadetta , Lizińczyk Sebastian
Published: February 2020

Background

The importance of mass media (such as radio, television, various magazines, commercials and the Internet) among socio-cultural factors is emphasized and considered as a predictor explaining the preferred and even dictated standard of beauty and attractiveness of the body in the global culture. The SATAQ 3 is a tool designed to measure socio-cultural risk factors of body image disturbance. The purpose of this article is to present the results of many years of research, which was aimed at collecting, analysing and presenting the Polish adapta-tion and normalization of the SATAQ 3.

Participants and procedure

The Polish version of the SATAQ 3 questionnaire used for the research contained 30 items, whose content was identical to the original version of SATAQ 3. The standardization sample consisted of 1505 respondents: wom-en (n = 1044) and men (n = 461) aged 12 to 64 (M = 23.65, SD = 8.57).

Results

The four factors obtained in the Polish version of the SATAQ 3 questionnaire were named differently than in the English version of the tool. The Internalization-Pressure scale consists of 12 items and the Internalization-Information Seeking scale consists of 6 items, whereas the Internalization-Athlete scale consists of 4 items and the Information scale consists of 6 items.

Conclusions

The present study has shown that SATAQ 3 is a tool with satisfactory statistical reliability. It confirms the useful-ness of the tool in both scientific research and screening of adolescents and adults (men and women) in the direction of isolating socio-cultural risk factors of body image disorders and predictors of unhealthy behaviours towards the body and the nutrition.
Computerised tomography scan in multi-drug-resistant versus extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Mehrian Payam , Farnia Poopak , Jalalvand Dina , Chamani Mostafa Rezaei , Bakhtiyari Mahmood
Published: February 2020

Purpose

Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is simultaneously resistant to isoniazid and rifampin. Of course, this germ may also be resistant to other anti-tuberculosis drugs. Patients with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) are also resistant to all types of fluoroquinolone and at least one of the three injectable medications: amikacin, clarithromycin, or kanamycin, in addition to isoniazid and rifampin. Therefore, the main objective of the current study was to evaluate and compare the computed tomography (CT) scan findings of MDR-TB and XDR-TB patients.

Material and methods

In this comparative descriptive cross-sectional study 45 consecutive TB patients who referred to Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Tehran, Iran from 2013 to 2019 were enrolled. TB was diagnosed based on sputum smear and sensitive molecular and microbial tests. Patients were divided into two groups (MDR-TB and XDR-TB) based on two types of drug resistance. CT scan findings were compared for cavitary, parenchymal, and non-parenchymal disorders. The early diagnostic values of these factors were also calculated.

Results

Findings related to cavitary lesions including the pattern, number, size of the largest cavity, maximum thickness of the cavity, lung involvement, number of lobes involved, and the air-fluid levels in the two patient groups were similar (p > 0.05). Parenchymal findings of the lung also included fewer and more nodules of 10 mm in the MDR-TB and XDR-TB groups, respectively. Tree-in-bud, ground-glass-opacity, bronchiectasis, cicatricial emphysema, and lobar atelectasis were similar in the two patient groups (p > 0.05). Findings outside the parenchymal lung, including mediastinal lymphadenopathy and pericardial effusion, showed no statistically significant difference between the MDR-TB and XDR-TB groups (p > 0.05). Parenchymal calcification was more common in the XDR group than in the MDR group (64.7% and 28.6%, respectively) with a significant difference (p = 0.01).

Conclusions

CT scan findings in patients with XDR-TB are similar to those of patients with MDR-TB for cavitary, parenchymal, and non-parenchymal lung characteristics. However, patients with XDR-TB tend to have more parenchymal calcification and left-sided plural effusion. CT characteristics overlap between XDR-TB and those with MDR-TB. It can be concluded that CT scan features are not sensitive to the diagnosis.
Spatial and Multivariate Analysis of Soybean Yield in the State of Paraná-Brazil
Authors: Grzegozewski Denise Maria , Cima Elizabeth Giron , Uribe-Opazo Miguel Angel , Carvalho Guedes Luciana Pagliosa , Johann Jerry Adriani
Published: February 2020

In this work, the aim was to evaluate the existence of spatial association of the municipal average official soybean yield (t ha-1) with agrometeorological data and vegetation indices. The information was observed by ten-day periods, in crop years 2010/2011, 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 in the State of Paraná. Local univariate spatial correlation (LISA index), as well as global bivariate correlation (L statistics) were calculated. With this study, we identified neighboring municipalities with high yield in the West as well as municipalities that are located with low-low yield Northwestern, showing positive spatial autocorrelation (IMG=1), significative (p-value < 0.05). In addition, there were differences between seeding times in different regions, and climate irregularity during flowering periods and grain filling in crop year 2011/2012 throughout the state, which caused a large drop in production in all municipalities of the state of Paraná. The analysis of local spatial association showed that in the three crop years, the Northwest region presented a significant low yield potential of soybean (p-value < 0.05). In addition, it was observed that the period from the 3rd ten-day period of October to the 2nd ten-day period of January was essential for the soybean cycle in the different regions of the state, since this period encompasses the critical phases of crop. Differences were also observed between the crop years studied, regarding the agrometeorological variables, which affected soybean yield mainly in the Western region of Paraná – Brazil.
Endophytic Mycobiota of Schinus molle L., (Anacardiaceae) and Peganum harmala L., (Tetradiclidaceae) in Algeria
Authors: Rouabah Khamssa , Tunali Berna , Lombarkia Nadia , Bensaci Oussama Ali
Published: February 2020

Schinus molle is an arborescent plant that is common in North Africa. It has insecticidal and pharmaceutical activities that are assigned to some active compounds. Harmel is a cosmopolitan species extensively distributed in the world and very common in Algeria especially in the Sahara. This plant is very rich in alkaloids of the β-carbolines group of which most important are harmine. It has pharmaceutical and agrochemical virtues. Endophytic fungi were isolated from aerial part (leaves and fruits) of Peruvian peppertree (S. molle L.) Anacardiaceae and for the first time of the Harmel (Peganum harmala L.) Tetradiclidaceae.Twenty three mycotaxa were identified whose eleven isolated from S. molle and twelve isolated from the second plant. The vast majority are included in mitosporic group (Deuteromycota). The frequency of colonization or infection (FC%) at leaves of the two plants species is significant comparatively to the fruits.
Probiotic Coating for Ripened Cheeses With Lactobacillus Acidophilus and Lactobacillus Helveticus Inclusion
Authors: Olivo Paula Martins , Scapim Monica Regina da Silva , Maia Luciana Furlaneto , Miazaki Juliana , Rodrigues Bruna Moura , Madrona Grasiele Scamaral , Bankuti Ferenc Istvan , Pozza Magali Santos dos Santos
Published: February 2020

Edible films have been employed to improve the food quality. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the edible coverage as a vehicle for probiotics bacteria in cheeses. The experimental design was completely randomized containing four treatments: uncoated cheeses, sodium alginate coated cheeses, sodium alginate + Lactobacillus acidophilus coated cheeses and sodium alginate + Lactobacillus helveticus coated cheeses, analysed for 15 days. The parameters of water steam permeability, thickness and Young's modulus were significant. In the simulation of gastrointestinal conditions, there was a reduction in lactic acid bacteria. There was a reduction in coliform values in coated cheeses. In the identification using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA technique, Lactobacillus helveticus strains were isolated, suggesting the microorganism migration to inside the cheese. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the lactic acid bacteria were distributed throughout the surface of the edible coating. It suggested the Lactobacillus helveticus permeability added in the cover to the cheese interior, ensuring that the cover can be a vehicle for dairy bacteria.
Barnehagelæreres oppfatninger om muslimsk barneoppdragelse
Authors: Krogstad Kari
Published: February 2020

Artikkelen baserer seg på intervjuer med pedagoger i en barnehage om deres oppfatninger av barneoppdragelsetil foreldre med muslimsk bakgrunn, og hvordan dette påvirker barnehagelærernes arbeid med å lære barn regler og rutiner. Den undersøker også hvordan pedagogene bruker trekantmodeller for å visualisere forskjeller i grensesetting mellom foreldre med etnisk norsk bakgrunn og muslimer. Funn viser behov for å teoretisk skille mellom muslimsk (kulturell) og islamsk (religiøs) barneoppdragelse. Empirien drøftes i lys av begrepene kulturell kapital og habitus for å diskutere hvordan foreldres barneoppdragelse kan være et utfordrende tema i barnehagen og i barnehagelærerutdanningen.
English abstract
Early childhood education and care (ECEC) institution teachers’ perceptions on Muslims’ child rearing praxis
This paper investigates how teachers, based on interviews, in one early childhood education and care (ECEC) institution perceive child rearing praxis amongst parents with Muslim background, and how this affects the teachers work in teaching children rules and procedures. The article also explores how the teachers use models of triangles to visualize differences between parents with an ethnic Norwegian background and Muslims’ child rearing. The results display the need to use a theoretically distinction between Muslim (cultural) and Islamic (religious) child rearing praxis. The empirical results are discussed in light of the terms cultural capital and habitus to analyse how parents’ child rearing can be a challenging theme in ECECs and early childhood teacher education.
Aprovechamiento del bono demográfico para emprender en unidad el desarrollo próspero de Nicaragua
Authors: Caldéron Aguilera Bladimir
Published: February 2020

El presente escrito surge a partir de la decisión del autor de participar en el concurso nacional de ensayos: Ideas juveniles para el desarrollo nacional, convocado por el Ministerio de la Juventud (MINJUVE), durante el mes de octubre, en el cual una de las temáticas propuestas para la elaboración del ensayo era la dinámica demográfica, en este caso particular profundizando en el tema del bono demográfico en Nicaragua. Es por ello que a medida que se avance en la lectura del documento se encontrara una breve explicación de la importancia de la temática abordada, así mismo se brindara la definición de bono demográfico, datos del bono demográfico en Nicaragua, incorporación del tema en aspectos gubernamentales y algunas ideas para el aprovechamiento del bono demográfico en el desarrollo nacional, finalizando con las conclusiones del escrito, y la bibliografía consultada.
Heimelijke toepassing van openlijke bevoegdheden
Authors: Blom T.
Published: February 2020

Heimelijke toepassing van openlijke bevoegdheden

In het nieuwe wetboek worden ‘nieuwe’ opsporingsbevoegdheden geïntroduceerd die normaal gesproken openlijk worden toegepast maar straks ook heimelijk mogen worden ingezet. Het betreft het vergelijkend vingerafdrukken- en handpalmonderzoek, het handschrift- en stemvergelijkend onderzoek, inbeslagneming van voorwerpen en de inzet van daartoe strekkende steunbevoegdheden, het bij gelegenheid van een doorzoeking of betreden van plaatsen overnemen van gegevens en het bevel tot verstrekken van gegevens. In het artikel wordt aangegeven dat de invoering van deze bevoegdheden noodzakelijk en ook wenselijk is, waarbij de wettelijke regeling bovendien voldoet aan de eisen die daaraan door het EHRM worden gesteld. Het voordeel van codificatie is bovendien dat waar het nu vaak om een ongeregelde praktijk gaat, door codificatie duidelijk wordt onder wiens gezag de toepassing van de bevoegdheid valt en aan welke voorwaarden moet zijn voldaan voordat de bevoegdheid mag worden toegepast.
Klimaschutz durch Walderhalt am Beispiel des REDD+-Mechanismus
Authors: Schaller Romina
Published: February 2020

Landnutzungsänderungen, v.a. die Abholzung der natürlichen Wälder beispielsweise zur Landwirtschaftsentwicklung oder zur Waldbewirtschaftung, haben einen großen Anteil an den klimaschädlichen anthropogenen Aktivitäten. Daher kann der Waldschutz einen wichtigen Beitrag zum Klimaschutz leisten. Ein Instrument hierfür ist der REDD+-Mechanismus. REDD+ steht für “Reducing of emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries”. Unter dem REDD+-Mechanismus sollen Industrieländer sowie andere Geber aus den industrialisierten Staaten durch verschiedene Finanzierungformen Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländer dafür kompensieren, dass sie ihre Wälder schützen und damit Emissionen aus Entwaldung und Walddegradierung vermeiden. In diesem Werk entwickelt die Autorin ein Anforderungsprofil für die Umsetzung von REDD+ unter Beachtung der Eigentums-, Besitz- und Nutzungsrechte an Land, den Erhalt der biologischen Vielfalt und die Gewährleistung der Rechte der indigenen Völker, die oftmals in diesen Wäldern leben. Die Untersuchung fokussiert insbesondere auf Peru und analysiert, inwieweit der Rechtsrahmen für die Implementierung von REDD+ vorbereitet ist.
Zivilprozess- und Verhandlungstaktik
Authors: Schmitz-Herscheidt Stephan , Wagner Benjamin
Published: February 2020

Fragen der Prozess- und Verhandlungstaktik spielen nicht erst im Referendariat und im Berufsleben eine wichtige Rolle. Bereits im Studium können Sie mit der Frage nach der optimalen Durchsetzung ermittelter Ansprüche konfrontiert werden. Die rechtlich möglichen Lösungen sind dabei nicht immer die zielführendsten. Die frühzeitige Auseinandersetzung mit den Fallstricken und Vorgehensweisen bei der Durchsetzung von Ansprüchen und der Aushandlung von Positionen kann daher nur jedem Studierenden angeraten werden.

Das Lehrbuch „Prozess- und Verhandlungstaktik“ bietet eine konzentrierte Darstellung prozess- und verhandlungstaktischer Vorgehensweisen. Zahlreiche Beispiele, Übungen sowie Wiederholungs- und Vertiefungsfragen erlauben es Ihnen, in der konkreten Anwendung der abstrakt zivilprozessualen Regelungen ein tiefergehendes Verständnis des Zivilprozesses zu entwickeln.
Synthèse des connaissances des Mantodea de Guyane
Authors: MOULIN Nicolas , ROY Roger
Published: February 2020

Cet article fait le point sur les connaissances des Mantes en Guyane. Il compile à la fois des données plus ou moins anciennes de la collection générale du bâtiment d’entomologie au Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (MNHN, Paris) ; ainsi que des données plus récentes provenant de la collection privée du premier auteur, des échantillonnages de la Société Entomologique Antilles-Guyane (SEAG) et des collectes provenant de la mission scientifique « La Planète Revisitée » dans le massif du Mitaraka, en 2015. L’ensemble des données (4424 spécimens) ont été saisies sous CardObs (INPN – Inventaire national du Patrimoine naturel). Parmi ces données, 2448 spécimens, dont la technique de collecte est connue, ont été analysés afin de comprendre la répartition, l’abondance et l’écologie d’un grand nombre d’espèces de Mantes de Guyane. Le nombre d’espèces de Mantes recensées en Guyane s’élève actuellement à 90 espèces. 299 spécimens ont été séquencés à partir du gène mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxydase-I (COI) afin d’établir les fondations d’une bibliothèque de référence de barcodes ADN des Mantes de Guyane. 250 séquences ont été obtenues, lesquelles englobent 82 BINs (« Barcode Index Number », assimilés à des espèces). À cette occasion, nous soulignons également le problème lié à la présence des pseudogènes nucléaires mitochondriaux (numts), un problème connu dans le séquençage des espèces d’Orthoptères, et la possibilité d’infections par Wolbachia. Enfin, nous discutons des implications taxonomiques possibles de nos résultats de séquençage ADN et des orientations de recherche futures.
Apixaban Does Not Interfere With Protein S or Activated Protein C Resistance (Factor V Leiden) Testing Using aPTT-Based Methods
Authors: Maryamchik Elena , Van Cott Elizabeth M.
Published: February 2020

Context.—

Apixaban causes a false increase in activated protein C resistance (APCR) ratios and possibly protein S activity.

Objective.—

To investigate whether this increase can mask a diagnosis of factor V Leiden (FVL) or protein S deficiency in an actual population of patients undergoing apixaban treatment and hypercoagulation testing.

Design.—

During a 4.5-year period involving 58 patients, we compared the following 4 groups: heterozygous for FVL (FVL-HET)/taking apixaban, wild-type/taking apixaban, heterozygous for FVL/no apixaban, and normal APCR/no apixaban. Patients taking apixaban were also tested for protein S functional activity and free antigen (n = 40).

Results.—

FVL-HET patients taking apixaban had lower APCR ratios than wild-type patients (P < .001). Activated protein C resistance in FVL-HET patients taking apixaban fell more than 3 SD below the cutoff of 2.2 at which the laboratory reflexes FVL DNA testing. No cases of FVL were missed despite apixaban. In contrast to rivaroxaban, apixaban did not interfere with the assessment of protein S activity (mean activity 93.9 IU/dL, free antigen 93.1 IU/dL, P = .39). A total of 3 of 40 patients (8%) had low free protein S antigen (30, 55, and 57 IU/dL), with correspondingly similar activity results (27, 59, and 52 IU/dL, respectively). Apixaban did not cause a missed diagnosis of protein S deficiency.

Conclusions.—

Despite apixaban treatment, APCR testing can distinguish FVL-HET from healthy patients, rendering indiscriminate FVL DNA testing of all patients on apixaban unnecessary. Apixaban did not affect protein S activity.
Sol–gel synthesis of calcium phosphate-based coatings – A review
Authors: Ishikawa Kunio , Kareiva Aivaras
Published: February 2020

Calcium phosphate (CP)-based biomaterials, especially nanostructured ones, show a high biocompatibility and increased biological properties. The coatings composed of stoichiometric hydroxyapatite have been extensively used to improve integration of metallic implants in the host bone. However, these coatings exhibited several drawbacks that limited their successful application. It was concluded in numerous articles that the sol–gel derived coatings can undergo cracking and delamination and are scarcely uniform. In this review article the recent advances on the sol–gel synthesis of different phosphate coatings and thin films are summarized. The attention is paid to coatings and thin films of calcium hydroxyapatite (CHAp), other phosphates, bioglasses and different composite materials. The state of the art, limitations, potentialities, open challenges, and the future scenarios for the application of CP bioceramics are highlighted in this study.
Sarcopenia in male patients with head and neck cancer receiving chemoradiotherapy: a longitudinal pilot study
Authors: Chauhan Namrata S. , Samuel Stephen Rajan , Meenar Niranjan , Saxena PU Prakash , Keogh Justin W.L.
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Muscle wasting conditions such as sarcopenia may be highly prevalent in advanced head and neck cancer (HNC) patients (16–71%), with these prevalence rates substantially greater in those who have received chemo-radiotherapy (CRT). According to the updated European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People consensus statement, sarcopenia is defined as the age-related loss of muscle strength, muscle mass and physical performance. The high prevalence of sarcopenia in HNC patients is concerning as it has been associated with substantially increased risk of CRT toxicity, respiratory complications and early mortality. With the high prevalence of HNC and sarcopenia in India and the strong link between sarcopenia and poor HNC patient outcomes, it is important to screen for the presence of sarcopenia in Indian patients receiving CRT for HNC.

Methods

This longitudinal pilot study aimed to routinely monitor 19 men receiving CRT for their HNC for a variety of sarcopenic-related outcomes over three time points during their 7 weeks of CRT. Participants were required to be male, with a minimum age of 30 years, with a Stage III, IVa or IVb diagnosis of HNC and be currently undergoing a 7 weeks course of CRT in an oncology department. Outcomes included probable sarcopenic diagnosis were estimated by the SARC-F, handgrip strength, skeletal muscle mass was estimated by bioelectrical impedance and physical performance was assessed by the Timed Up and Go. Repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used to identify significant differences at the three time points with a p < 0.05.

Results

The 19 participants in this trial at a mean age of 56.5 ± 10.2 years (range = 39–75 years), with most (n = 13, 68.4%) employed in laboring occupations. At baseline, 31.5% (n = 6) of the participants already had probable sarcopenia based on their total SARC-F score, with this increasing to 89.4% (n = 17) at the end of 7 weeks CRT. In addition, significant decreases in strength, skeletal muscle mass and Timed Up and Go performance were observed, with these declines significantly greater at 7 weeks than 3 weeks after commencing CRT.

Conclusions

Patients with HNC undergoing 7 weeks of CRT showed clinically significant increases in the incidence of probable sarcopenia based on their total SARC-F score as well as clinically significant declines in handgrip strength, skeletal muscle mass and Timed Up and Go performance. Due to the relationship between sarcopenia and a host of adverse events related to CRT in HNC patients, these results suggest that oncologists and their allied health teams should routinely monitor these patients during CRT and provide the relevant exercise therapy and nutritional support to those patients in need.
A Study on the Effect of Storage of Betel Leaves at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Shrunkala Srujana , Ramachandra M. , Venkatachalapathi K. , Chandru R. , Munirajappa R. , Palanimuthu V.
Published: February 2020

A research study was conducted for studying the storage of Madras and Kolkata varieties of betel leaves under ambient temperature with different diffusion storage systems were observed for different treatments. In the treatment T1, the concentration of oxygen, O2 reduced to a minimum of 14.27 per cent and carbon dioxide, CO2 concentration increased to 4.80 per cent on the 14th day of storage in ambient condition (28°C). It was also reported that by the 14th day, betel leaves stored at ambient condition maintained satisfactory quality in the entire diffusion channel chambers. For the Kolkatta leaves the treatment T2, the concentration of O2 was reduced to 12.0 per cent and CO2 concentration increased to 7.87 per cent on the 18th day of storage. Compared to other treatments, the O2 concentration was found to be very low and CO2 concentration was high on the 18th day of storage in T2 diffusion channel. Similarly, on the 18th day, betel leaves stored at ambient condition maintained satisfactory quality in all the treatments. Hence, it is clear that from this present study, different varieties of betel leaves will have different rates of respiration for a particular size of the diffusion channel and temperature. In other words, varietal variation occurs concerning respiration rate under identical condition.
Adaptive finite‐time tracking control for output‐constrained nonlinear systems with non‐strict‐feedback structure
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wang Fang , Zhang Jing
Published: February 2020

This article investigates the issue of adaptive finite‐time tracking control for a category of output‐constrained nonlinear systems in a non‐strict‐feedback form. First, by utilizing the structural characteristics of radial basis function neural networks (RBF NNs), a backstepping design method is extended from strict‐feedback systems to a kind of more general systems, and NNs are employed to approximate unknown nonlinear functions. In addition, the system output is constrained to the specified region by applying the barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) technique. Furthermore, the finite‐time stability of the system is proved by employing the Bhat and Bernstein theorem. As a result, an adaptive finite‐time tracking control scheme for the output‐constrained nonlinear systems with non‐strict‐feedback structure is proposed by applying RBF NNs, BLF, finite‐time stability theory, and adaptive backstepping technique. It is demonstrated the finite‐time stability of the system, the prescribed convergence of the system output and tracking error, the boundedness of adaptive parameters and state variables. Finally, a simulation example is implemented to illustrate the effectiveness of the presented neural control scheme.
Cu(II)‐CatalyzedOrtho‐Selective Amination of Simple Phenols withO‐Benzoylhydroxylamines
Authors: Shao Nan‐Qi , Yao Zhi‐Li , Wang Dong‐Hui
Published: February 2020

A Cu(II)‐catalyzedortho‐selective amination of simple phenols withO‐benzoylhydroxylamines has been developed, which provides access to 2‐aminophenols under mild conditions. Various functional groups on the phenol and electrophilic amine are compatible, and the protocol typically delivers the products in moderate to good yields. The mechanistic detail of this process are discussed.
Knowledge and Environmental Citizenship
Authors: Smederevac-Lalic Marija , Finger David , Kovách Imre , Lenhardt Mirjana , Petrovic Jelisaveta , Djikanovic Vesna , Conti Daniela , Boeve-de Pauw Jelle
Published: February 2020

This chapter examines the relationship between knowledge and Environmental Citizenship. Knowledge has been attributed to have an essential role in influencing pro-environmental behaviour and as such in the development of Environmental Citizenship. We argue that the ‘right’ kind of environmental knowledge is a necessary precondition for pro-environmental behaviour and thus for Environmental Citizenship. In this chapter, we focus on knowledge, but we also emphasise that efforts on fostering knowledge alone in education for Environmental Citizenship, without links to real life, competencies and values, are insufficient for the sake of a sustainable world. We explore which knowledge is needed in order to cultivate the coherent and adequate skills, values, attitudes and competences that we think an Environmental Citizen should have. We identify three different types of knowledge: (i) environmental systems knowledge, (ii) action-related knowledge and (iii) effectiveness knowledge. Finally, we suggest a process of co-production of new knowledge between experts and key citizens as central to the idea of a participatory approach towards developing Environmental Citizenship.
Attitudes and Environmental Citizenship
Authors: Bauer Nicole , Megyesi Boldizsár , Halbac-Cotoara-Zamfir Rares , Halbac-Cotoara-Zamfir Cristina
Published: February 2020

In this chapter, we analyse how attitudes and Environmental Citizenship are related to each other. When discussing Environmental Citizenship, it has often been defined as the outcome of environmental education. With little knowledge and a lack of models, it is difficult to show how the transformation or formation of environmentally aware citizens would take place. The chapter focuses mainly on the individual level to describe factors that influence Environmental Citizenship, although we are aware that several societal and community level factors influence it as well. Other research on Environmental Citizenship revealed that practices that seek to only change individual behaviour or a student’s content knowledge about environmental problems will fall short of cultivating Environmental Citizenship. Some scholars expect that deliberative democracy would lead towards creating values and principles rooted in Environmental Citizenship, while others expect environmental education to be successful in this endeavour but both fail to articulate and explain the ways of how Environmental Citizenship develops and what is needed to achieve it.
Education for Environmental Citizenship and Responsible Environmental Behaviour
Authors: Goldman Daphne , Hansmann Ralph , Činčera Jan , Radović Vesela , Telešienė Audronė , Balžekienė Aistė , Vávra Jan
Published: February 2020

The notion of Environmental Citizenship embodies behaviour – an actively involved citizen who exercises his/her environmental rights and obligations in the private and public spheres. Education for Environmental Citizenship implies behavioural change; its goal is to facilitate an individual’s intellectual growth (cognitive domain) and emotional capacity (affective domain) that may lead to a critical and actively engaged individual. Human behaviour is overwhelmingly sophisticated, and what shapes pro-environmental behaviour is complex and context specific. Furthermore, empirical research indicates a discrepancy between possessing environmental knowledge and environmentally supportive attitudes and behaving pro-environmentally. The point of departure of this chapter is that the social and psychological study of behaviour has much to inform the study of environmental behaviour and, deriving from this, to inform regarding the type of education towards behaviour/action in the goal of sustainable socioecological transformation. The chapter focuses on internal (psychosocial) factors. It presents selected models regarding factors influencing behavioural decisions that are acknowledged as influential theoretical frameworks for investigating pro-environmental behaviour, as well as various theories that inform these models. These are categorised into knowledge-based models; attitude-, value- and norm-oriented models; skills, self-efficacy and situational factors; and new approaches to environmental behaviour models. The chapter concludes with suggestions for Education for Environmental Citizenship deriving from the various models.
From infinity to four dimensions: higher residue pairings and Feynman integrals
Authors: Mizera Sebastian , Pokraka Andrzej
Published: February 2020

Abstract

We study a surprising phenomenon in which Feynman integrals in D = 4 − 2ε space-time dimensions as ε → 0 can be fully characterized by their behavior in the opposite limit, ε → ∞. More concretely, we consider vector bundles of Feynman integrals over kinematic spaces, whose connections have a polynomial dependence on ε and are known to be governed by intersection numbers of twisted forms. They give rise to differential equations that can be obtained exactly as a truncating expansion in either ε or 1/ε. We use the latter for explicit computations, which are performed by expanding intersection numbers in terms of Saito’s higher residue pairings (previously used in the context of topological Landau-Ginzburg models and mirror symmetry). These pairings localize on critical points of a certain Morse function, which correspond to regions in the loop-momentum space that were previously thought to govern only the large-D physics. The results of this work leverage recent understanding of an analogous situation for moduli spaces of curves, where the α′ → 0 and α′ → ∞ limits of intersection numbers coincide for scattering amplitudes of massless quantum field theories.
Two-Loop QCD Corrections to the Higgs Plus Three-parton Amplitudes with Top Mass Correction
Authors: Jin Qingjun , Yang Gang
Published: February 2020

Abstract

We obtain the two-loop QCD corrections to the Higgs plus three-parton amplitudes with dimension-seven operators in Higgs effective field theory. This provides the two-loop S-matrix elements for Higgs plus one-jet production at the LHC with top-mass correction. We apply efficient unitarity plus IBP methods which are described in detail. We also study the color decomposition of the fermion cuts and find a connection between fundamental and adjoint representations which can be used to reduce non-planar to planar unitarity cuts in the Higgs to three-gluon amplitudes. We obtain final results in simple analytic form which exhibits intriguing hidden structures. The principle of maximal transcendentality is found to be satisfied for all results. The lower transcendentality parts also contain universal building blocks and can be written in compact analytic form, suggesting further hidden structures.
Single components of botanicals and nature-identical compounds as a non-antibiotic strategy to ameliorate health status and improve performance in poultry and pigs
Authors: Rossi B. , Toschi A. , Piva A. , Grilli E.
Published: February 2020

In the current post-antibiotic era, botanicals represent one of the most employed nutritional strategies to sustain antibiotic-free and no-antibiotic-ever production. Botanicals can be classified either as plant extracts, meaning the direct products derived by extraction from the raw plant materials (essential oils (EO) and oleoresins (OR)), or as nature-identical compounds (NIC), such as the chemically synthesised counterparts of the pure bioactive compounds of EO/OR. In the literature, differences between the use of EO/OR or NIC are often unclear, so it is difficult to attribute certain effects to specific bioactive compounds. The aim of the present review was to provide an overview of the effects exerted by botanicals on the health status and growth performance of poultry and pigs, focusing attention on those studies where only NIC were employed or those where the composition of the EO/OR was defined. In particular, phenolic compounds (apigenin, quercetin, curcumin and resveratrol), organosulfur compounds (allicin), terpenes (eugenol, thymol, carvacrol, capsaicin and artemisinin) and aldehydes (cinnamaldehyde and vanillin) were considered. These molecules have different properties such as antimicrobial (including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and antiprotozoal), anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, as well as the improvement of intestinal morphology and integrity of the intestinal mucosa. The use of NIC allows us to properly combine pure compounds, according to the target to achieve. Thus, they represent a promising non-antibiotic tool to allow better intestinal health and a general health status, thereby leading to improved growth performance.