bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uncovering Spatial Structures of Regional City Networks from Expressway Traffic Flow Data: A Case Study from Jiangsu Province, China
Authors: Ke Wenqian , Chen Wei , Yu Zhaoyuan
Published: August 2017

On the basis of the “space of flows” theory, city networks emphasizing factor connectivity and spatial connection have become a core perspective for regional spatial relationships. They provide a context for discussing the spatial structures of city networks and a scientific basis for making regional development policies. Relying on expressway traffic flow data from Jiangsu Province in 2014, this study describes macro-spatial patterns and hierarchical structures of city networks, and uses the Walktrap algorithm of community detection to execute space divisions and elucidate potential spatial connection structures in the city networks. In comparison with other algorithms, the Walktrap algorithm demonstrates significant adaptation and stability to the short expressway traffic flows with the characteristics of strong network density and sparse node distribution. The results indicate that the macro-spatial patterns of Jiangsu’s city networks have clear regional differences. The cities with relatively dense spatial linkages are distributed along the Yangtze River banks, and many different sub-network systems have also developed internally. Cities and linkage axles have clear hierarchical structures. City hierarchies have certain spatial couplings with the cities’ intrinsic social economic attributes and geographical locations. The linkage axles hierarchy has clear spatial interactions and superposition with geographical distance. The community detection algorithm identified six spatially connected “city communities”, the Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou Community (SWCC), the Nanjing-Zhenjiang-Yangzhou-Taizhou Community (NZYTC), the Nantong-Yancheng Community (NYC), the Lianyungang Community (LYGC), the Huai’an-Suqian Community (HSC), and the Xuzhou Community (XZC). The community spatial metaphors had four aspects. First, trans-prefectural linkages were formed through spatially integrated effects of metropolis regions. Second, some communities share the same boundaries with their prefecture level administrative units; this reveals that significant administrative regional economies still exist in contemporary Jiangsu. Third, several cities located in the marginal areas of prefectures and captured by the powerful center cities in neighboring prefectures have been absorbed into the communities of neighboring prefectures. Fourth, the two cities Jiangyin and Jingjiang, divided into different administrative districts, have switched status opposite city community divisions.
Antibiotic Susceptibility Monitoring of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Bacolod City, Philippines
Authors: Araneta Clark , Juayang Alain , Lim Joseph , Quilop Eleeza , Casaysay Nadine , Tamesis Gene , Yude Tricia , Romero Sarah , Gayoba Raziel
Published: August 2017

A local study was conducted to monitor the antibiotic susceptibility of N. gonorrhoeae in Bacolod City, Philippines. A total of 88 isolates were taken during the period of 1 January 2015 to 30 June 2017, from male patients ages 12 to 72 years. The highest incidence of gonorrhea infection was in the group aged 20–24 years (34.09%). The susceptibility pattern to antibiotics was as follows: ceftriaxone 100%, cefixime 82.6%, spectinomycin 92.1%, ciprofloxacin 4.9%, tetracycline 5.1%, and penicillin G with 0%. All isolates were noted to produce beta-lactamase, which can be attributed to plasmid-mediated penicillin resistance. These findings indicate that the resistance rates of N. gonorrhoeae to most commonly-used antibiotics are increasing, and that ceftriaxone remains an effective antibiotic in treating gonorrhea infections locally.
An Opinion on Spring Habitats within the Earth’s Critical Zone in Headwater Regions
Authors: Reiss Martin , Chifflard Peter
Published: August 2017

Springs are crucial interfaces within the Earth’s Critical Zone, connecting water and its related matter and energy at different scales from the microscopic to the macroscopic level. This connectivity is of importance for habitat conditions and the invertebrate community in springs as ecotones at the groundwater–surface water and the aquatic–terrestrial interfaces in headwater regions. Here, an integrative approach regarding an appropriate theoretical framework is given as an opinion on coupling perspectives from Ecohydrology and Earth Science. A theoretical integration within the approaches of the concepts of Earth’s Critical Zone and Hydropedology with its hierarchical framework is considered for bridging multiple scales from the individual substrate type to the entire spring habitat and the headwater catchment. The paper is in every respect an opinion on theoretical approaches and provides a synthesis within a conceptual framework for spring habitats, which should give further insight into how to study such small water bodies in the context of its adjacent landscape settings.
Seeking help for perinatal psychological distress: a meta-synthesis of women’s experiences
Authors: Button Susan , Thornton Alexandra , Lee Suzanne , Shakespeare Judy , Ayers Susan
Published: August 2017

Background

Women may not seek help for perinatal psychological distress, despite regular contact with primary care services. Barriers include ignorance of symptoms, inability to disclose distress, others’ attitudes, and cultural expectations. Much of the evidence has been obtained from North American populations and may not, therefore, extrapolate to the UK.

Aim

To understand the factors affecting women’s decision to seek help for perinatal distress.

Design and setting

Meta-synthesis of the available published qualitative evidence on UK women’s experiences of seeking help for perinatal distress.

Method

Systematic searches were conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Databases searched were PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, CINAHL, and Academic Search Complete. Searches of grey literature and references were also conducted. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they reported qualitative data on UK women’s experiences of perinatal distress and contact with healthcare professionals. The synthesis was conducted using meta-ethnography.

Results

In all, 24 studies were eligible for inclusion. Metasynthesis identified three main themes: identifying a problem, the influence of healthcare professionals, and stigma. These themes build on current understanding of help seeking by identifying the need for women to be able to frame their experience, for healthcare professionals to educate women about their roles, the need for continuity of care, and the way that being seen as a ‘bad mother’ causes women to self-silence.

Conclusion

Perinatal care provision needs to allow for continuity of care and for staff training that facilitates awareness of factors that influence women’s help seeking. Further research is required, particularly in relation to effective means of identifying perinatal psychological distress.
Association between active brown adipose tissue and coronary artery calcification in healthy men
Authors: Nam Hyun-Yeol , Jun Sungmin
Published: August 2017

Aim: We compared various clinical factors between persons with active brown adipose tissue (ABAT) and matched controls, and investigated the relationship between the presence of ABAT and coronary artery calcification (CAC) with respect to arterial inflammation.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed fluorine-18-labeled fluoro- 2-deoxy-D-glucose (F-18 FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) data from men who underwent general health check-ups. Sixty-seven men with ABAT were identified and were matched with controls at a 1:1 ratio. Peripheral blood samples were obtained and the levels of various laboratory parameters were measured just before FDG PET/CT studies. Arterial inflammation was measured in the ascending aorta, venous mean standardized uptake value (SUV) was collected from the superior vena cava as FDG uptake on PET, and background-corrected SUV was calculated as the target-to-background ratio (TBR) and blood- subtracted SUVmax (bsSUVmax). CAC was as-sessed using CT images acquired from a PET/ CT scanner.Results: The prevalence of fatty liver (p = 0.048) and CAC (p = 0.026) was lower in men with ABAT compared to matched controls. Arterial SUVmax (1.72 ± 0.23 vs. 1.88 ± 0.23, p < 0.001), TBR (1.18 ± 0.14 vs. 1.29 ± 0.13, p < 0.001), and bsSUVmax (0.25 ± 0.18 vs. 0.41 ± 0.16, p < 0.001) were significantly lower in men with ABAT. ABAT (odds ratio [OR] = 0.19, p=0.024) and high- density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR = 0.95, p = 0.037) were independent factors associated with CAC according to multiple logistic regression analysis.Conclusion: ABAT is associated with down-regulated arterial inflammation and may exert a protective effect against the development of atherosclerosis.
(Metallo)porphyrins for potential materials science applications
Authors: Smykalla Lars , Mende Carola , Fronk Michael , Siles Pablo F , Hietschold Michael , Salvan Georgeta , Zahn Dietrich R T , Schmidt Oliver G , Rüffer Tobias , Lang Heinrich
Published: August 2017

The bottom-up approach to replace existing devices by molecular-based systems is a subject that attracts permanently increasing interest. Molecular-based devices offer not only to miniaturize the device further, but also to benefit from advanced functionalities of deposited molecules. Furthermore, the molecules itself can be tailored to allow via their self-assembly the potential fabrication of devices with an application potential, which is still unforeseeable at this time. Herein, we review efforts to use discrete (metallo)porphyrins for the formation of (sub)monolayers by surface-confined polymerization, of monolayers formed by supramolecular recognition and of thin films formed by sublimation techniques. Selected physical properties of these systems are reported as well. The application potential of those ensembles of (metallo)porphyrins in materials science is discussed.
MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF SMALL-FIRM NETWORKS AND THE PERFORMANCE OF MEMBER FIRMS
Authors: Wegner Douglas , Zarpelon Felipe de Mattos , Verschoore Jorge Renato , Balestrin Alsones
Published: August 2017

Even considering a small-firm network as a new organizational form, few studies analyze how network management practices may influence the performance of member firms. To help overcome this gap, we conducted a survey with 242 firms associated with 49 small-firm networks in Brazil. The results show that collective planning, evaluation, communication, innovation, services offered by the network, leadership, and also the entrepreneurs’ orientation to business development have a positive influence on firms’ performance. The study contributes to the organizational literature and practice as it identifies a set of management practices that influence the performance of firms in small-firm networks.
Discovery of an H i-rich Gas Reservoir in the Outskirts of SZ-effect-selected Clusters
Authors: Muzahid Sowgat , Charlton Jane , Nagai Daisuke , Schaye Joop , Srianand Raghunathan
Published: August 2017

We report on the detection of three strong H i absorbers originating in the outskirts (i.e., impact parameter,

(1.6–4.7)r
500) of three massive (

M
⊙) clusters of galaxies at redshift

, in the Hubble Space Telescope Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (HST/COS) spectra of three background UV-bright quasars. These clusters were discovered by the 2500 deg2 South Pole Telescope Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect survey. All three COS spectra show a partial Lyman limit absorber with N(H i) > 1016.5 cm−2 near the photometric redshifts (

) of the clusters. The compound probability of the random occurrence of all three absorbers is <0.02%, indicating that the absorbers are most likely related to the targeted clusters. We find that the outskirts of these SZ-selected clusters are remarkably rich in cool gas compared to existing observations of other clusters in the literature. The effective Doppler parameters of the Lyman series lines, obtained using a single-cloud curve-of-growth (COG) analysis, suggest a nonthermal/turbulent velocity of a few×10 km s−1 in the absorbing gas. We emphasize the need for uniform galaxy surveys around these fields and for more UV observations of quasar–cluster pairs in general in order to improve the statistics and gain further insights into the unexplored territory of the largest collapsed cosmic structures.
Electric-current Neutralization, Magnetic Shear, and Eruptive Activity in Solar Active Regions
Authors: Liu Yang , Sun Xudong , Török Tibor , Titov Viacheslav S. , Leake James E.
Published: August 2017

The physical conditions that determine whether or not solar active regions (ARs) produce strong flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are not yet well understood. Here, we investigate the association between electric-current neutralization, magnetic shear along polarity inversion lines (PILs), and eruptive activity in four ARs: two emerging and two well-developed ones. We find that the CME-producing ARs are characterized by a strongly non-neutralized total current, while the total current in the ARs that did not produce CMEs is almost perfectly neutralized. The difference in the PIL shear between these two groups is much less pronounced, which suggests that the degree of current neutralization may serve as a better proxy for assessing the ability of ARs to produce CMEs.
Revision of Massylaea Möllendorff, 1898 (Stylommatophora, Helicidae)
Authors: Bouaziz-Yahiatene Houria , Pfarrer Beat , Medjdoub-Bensaad Ferroudja , Neubert Eike
Published: August 2017

In this paper some helicoid species from eastern Algeria are investigated using a morphological and molecular approach. The investigation of the genital organs of M. massylaea (Morelet, 1851), the type species of the genus Massylaea Möllendorff, 1898, showed the same autapomorphic character states as are considered typical for Eobania P. Hesse, 1913. These findings are fully supported by the genetic analysis using two mitochondrial and three nuclear markers. Thus, the latter genus has to be considered a synonym of the former. Currently, three species are known to comprise the genus, viz. M. massylaea, M. constantina (E. Forbes, 1838), and M. vermiculata (O. F. Müller, 1774). Several nominal taxa from northern Africa are synonymised with one of the species mentioned here under Massylaea. The generic position of the so-called “Massylaea” species from the High Atlas Mountains in southern Morocco remains unresolved.
Vingt-cinq ans de politiques de réduction des inégalités : quels impacts sur l’accès aux diplômes ?
Authors: Gorohouna Samuel , Ris Catherine
Published: August 2017

Les accords de Matignon (1988) et de Nouméa (1998) ont initié des politiques de réduction des inégalités. Pourtant, malgré les progrès considérables accomplis, les inégalités géographiques et ethniques restent fortes dans la société calédonienne. L’accès au diplôme en particulier est fortement déterminé par un facteur ethnique.
L’export du nickel au cœur du débat politique néo-calédonien
Authors: Demmer Christine
Published: August 2017

Le nickel calédonien représentait en 2014 15 % des réserves mondiales. Sa maîtrise a été d’emblée un enjeu majeur du combat indépendantiste kanak, comme symbole de l’exploitation coloniale à reconquérir et comme condition de l’autonomie économique. Or, en août 2015, un conflit de « rouleurs » (transporteurs du minerai vert) a montré la possibilité de rapprochements entre indépendantistes du FLNKS et non-indépendantistes : l’Union Calédonienne a défendu officiellement la libre exportation du nickel aux côtés des Républicains, quand les autonomistes de Calédonie Ensemble (centre droit) ont défendu son contrôle aux côtés de l’Union Nationale pour l’Indépendance et d’une frange de l’UC. Ce conflit révèle ainsi, outre des divisions internes au FLNKS, que le nickel, jusque-là vecteur de l’émancipation économique des Kanak, peut fonctionner également comme un symbole de l’émancipation du pays tout entier.
Échec des mouvements unionistes et indépendantistes à Mayotte : de leur formation à leur négation (1958-2011)
Authors: Idriss Mamaye
Published: August 2017

De leur genèse dans les années 1950 à leur quasi disparition jusqu’à la départementalisation en 2011, les mouvements indépendantistes à Mayotte se caractérisent par leur polymorphisme. Ils s’opposent en effet à deux centralités : la métropole et l’archipel des Comores. La revendication départementaliste, dominante, a été le plus souvent associée à la volonté d’affranchissement vis-à-vis des Comores. Les mouvements indépendantistes ont quant à eux souvent promu un rapprochement avec les autres îles de l’archipel en vue d’une indépendance commune vis-à-vis de la France. Cette complexité est accentuée par le travail de répression et d’occultation des mobilisations indépendantistes qu’a mené le Mouvement populaire mahorais (MPM), parti départementaliste dominant depuis plus de soixante ans. Le destin de Mayotte montre que l’indépendantisme dans les colonies françaises se comprend non seulement dans la relation à la métropole mais aussi dans le contexte politique et social spécifique à chaque territoire.
La carrière de Simon Festu : un clerc au service de l’État monarchique sous le règne de Philippe le Bel
Authors: Provost Alain
Published: August 2017

Au-delà des propriétés d’une trajectoire individuelle, le cas de Simon Festu, dont la carrière ecclésiastique s’est achevée sur le siège épiscopal de Meaux, qu’il a occupé de 1308 à 1317, permet d’aborder les questions relatives à la constitution du champ administratif, aux logiques de pouvoir, et aux pratiques institutionnelles dans le contexte du règne de Philippe le Bel. Simon Festu, en effet, a pris part à l’administration et au gouvernement royal, ce qui l’a conduit relativement haut dans la hiérarchie de l’entourage monarchique, sans qu’il apparaisse toutefois au premier rang. L’ascension sociale de Simon, qui appartient à la catégorie des « hommes nouveaux », répond à un schéma classique où la proximité du roi est au fondement de la faveur et de la fortune. Antérieurement à sa promotion à l’épiscopat, titulaire de ses premiers bénéfices, il exerce conjointement diverses fonctions au service du roi, d’ordre financier principalement. Conseiller de la reine Jeanne de Navarre et de son fils, le futur Louis X, il participe activement, comme exécuteur testamentaire de la reine, à la fondation du collège de Navarre. En outre, Simon s’est trouvé mêlé au procès de l’évêque Guichard de Troyes, l’une des affaires « politico-religieuses » du règne : l’antagonisme avec Guichard lui a peut-être permis de consolider sa propre position. L’analyse de la trajectoire de Simon Festu montre de manière concrète les liens qui s’établissent entre le gouvernement des hommes et le gouvernement des âmes. La caractérisation de son profil social est indissociable de la question de la composition du groupe auquel il appartient, dont la formation et la reproduction sont orientées par le service de l’État, aux structures duquel elles contribuent à donner consistance.
Building ambidextrous organizations through intellectual capital: a proposal for a multilevel model
Authors: Fernández-Pérez de la Lastra Susana , García-Carbonell Natalia , Martín-Alcázar Fernando , Sánchez-Gardey Gonzalo
Published: August 2017

Purpose: This paper proposes an alternative theoretical model to describe, from a multilevel perspective, the way in which ambidexterity is built across different organizational levels, through specific combinations of the facets of intellectual capital—human, social and organizational capital.Design/methodology/approach: In this study, main arguments from intellectual capital, strategic human resource management (SHRM) and multilevel literature are integrated. The intellectual capital literature provides our model with the input (human capital), mechanisms (social capital) and the infrastructure (organizational capital) required to create ambidextrous capabilities; the multilevel perspective reveals the context in which ambidexterity is reached, and the strategic human resource management literature provides the model with the specific mechanisms (policies and practices) and conditions required by ambidexterity (HRM flexibility and horizontal fit).Findings: Although the literature widely recognizes ambidexterity as a potential source of sustainable competitive advantage, the processes by which organizations complement exploration and exploitation activities still remain unclear. This study sheds some light on the analysis of these complex dynamics, explaining how ambidextrous capabilities can arise from different alternative combinations of human, social and organizational capital.Originality/value: The paper expands the extant literature in the field, describing different paths to achieving organizational ambidexterity. The configurational approach adopted adds value to the proposed model, as it helps to explaining alternative synergistic mixes of ambidextrous intellectual capital at different organizational levels.
Tres nuevos crucifijos miguelangelescos
Authors: Nicolau Castro Juan , Díaz Fernández Antonio José
Published: August 2017

En este trabajo se estudian tres pequeños crucifijos localizados en Toledo que por sus características formales responden al último tercio del siglo XVI, vinculados a modelos miguelangelescos. Dos de ellos asumen las variantes tipológicas de los realizados en metal mientras que un tercero, tallado en madera, reúne rasgos de acusado manierismo en sus formas y una delicada factura que lo hace pieza de singular belleza y de probable procedencia italiana.
El valor del pasado. Canon y crítica en la historiografía reciente sobre el cine español bajo el franquismo
Authors: Nieto Ferrando Jorge
Published: August 2017

El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar la inclusión en el canon cinematográfico español en las últimas dos décadas de ciertas películas producidas bajo el franquismo. Se parte de la consideración de que la lista de películas relevantes está sujeta a la perspectiva desde la que se aborda el cine, ya sea la crítica, el análisis o la historia, así como a los paradigmas que críticos, analistas e historiadores suscriben y el repertorio sobre el que trabajan. El canon es abordado aquí como un problema fundamentalmente historiográfico. Así, tras analizar la literatura cinematográfica sobre el franquismo, se demuestra cómo la acotación del repertorio, la búsqueda de la especificidad e identidad del cine español, la limitación del peso del contexto, la superación de la dicotomía cine franquista/cine disidente o la atención a la puesta en forma y a los vínculos de las películas con la cultura popular, han contribuido a considerar relevantes títulos que anteriormente pasaban desapercibidos.
Three-Dimensional Accuracy Evaluation of Two Additive Manufacturing Processes in the Production of Dental Models
Authors: Burde Alexandru Victor , Gasparik Cristina , Baciu Sorana , Manole Marius , Dudea Diana , Câmpian Radu Septimiu
Published: August 2017

In the current orthodontic and prosthodontics practice, study models made of plaster are being used to provide a three-dimensional view of the patient’s occlusion and allow the clinician to analyze, diagnose, or monitor anomalies. With the introduction of intraoral and extra oral digital impressions, it is now possible to obtain digital study models of the patients’ dental arches. Digital models can be obtained in a physical hardcopy via 3D printing or rapid prototyping. Although, professional 3D printers require a high initial set-up cost, low cost 3D printers can provide similar quality products. The aim of this study is to investigate the accuracy of physical dental models reconstructed from digital data by two rapid prototyping techniques. For this purpose twenty mandibular and maxillary conventional plaster models from randomly chosen subjects were selected and served as the gold standard. The casts were digitized using a 3D scanner and .stl surface models were acquired; the virtual model was adjusted for reconstruction using dedicated software, thus obtaining the CAD model of the casts. The CAD models were reconstructed using a 3D fused deposition modeling (FDM) printer, a RepRap FDM printer and an inverted stereolithography printer. The reconstructed models were digitized using a laboratory 3D scanner and the resulting Mesh datasets were compared with the CAD model using inspection software. The mean systematic differences for the 3D comparison of the reconstructed models were 0.207 mm for the stereolithography models, 0.156 mm for the FDM models, and 0.128 mm for the RepRap models. Although a technology proved the ability to manufacture a dental model with accentuated morphology, the results demonstrate that replicas of plaster casts are influenced by problems linked to the size of the detail to be reproduced, which is often similar to or finer than the fabrication layer.
Mechanical Aspects of Self-Alignment Mechanism in Hip Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty
Authors: Stoia Dan Ioan , Vigaru Cosmina , Rusu Lucian , Hărăgus Horia , Damian Simona
Published: August 2017

The paper proposes a mechanical study of the self-centering mechanism of the bipolar prosthesis. This represents the fundamental principle of the bipolar construction, and relays on the offset between the inner and outer center of rotations of the bipolar head. In the paper, the kinematical aspects of the construction were recorded and explained by using five different offset values and keeping constant the femoral head diameter and the acetabular diameter. The simulations were conducted by imposing to the femoral head a linear movement in the vertical direction, similar to a reaction force that occurs when an implanted patient stands up. Two initial conditions were used for each geometric offset: one ideal, no friction and another more realistic by implementing friction coefficients at the sliding interfaces.
Investigation of Biodegradation Behavior of an Mg-1Ca Alloy during In Vivo Testing
Authors: Adam Razvan , Orban Horia , Dragomir Lavinia , Milea Claudia , Antoniac Iulian , Barbilian Adrian
Published: August 2017

In case of an orthopedic implant, it would be ideal that resorption to occur by biodegradation and bone remodeling. The main advantage of using resorbable orthopedic implants is eliminating the need for a new surgical procedure. The use of pure magnesium for orthopedic implants shows some drawbacks, which need to be considered and evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays. One of the main problems encountered when pure Mg is used as biodegradable implant is represented by a high corrosion rate, faster than the rate of bone formation. The aim of this study is testing and evaluation of Mg-1Ca alloy from biocompatibility in vivo point of view. The purpose of in vivo test was to demonstrate good biocompatibility and lack of local and systemic toxicity of implants made by Mg-1Ca alloy. The study was conducted by implanting Mg-1Ca alloy parallelepiped shaped implants in the tibia of rabbits. In our tests related to Mg-1Ca alloy in vivo evaluation, there were no pathological increases in blood levels of Mg and Ca, or other elements, showing that it has no adversely affect to their metabolism. Also it shows a good bone integration, newly formed bone being adherent to the implant surface, with no tissue interposed between it and the bone. In conclusion, magnesium alloy Mg-1Ca represents a promising solution in orthopedic surgery, proving to be safe, with a high degree of biocompatibility and without toxic effects during in vivo testing.
Properties of the Functionally Gradient Chromium-Niobium Carbide Coating Obtained by Thermo-Reactive Deposition Technique
Authors: Jin Wan Wan , Meng Qing Li , Niu Long Fei , Li Cong , Wang Hua Jun
Published: August 2017

Thermo-reactive deposition (TRD) salt bath Nb-Cr co-diffusion process was brought forward to prepare the functionally gradient chromium-niobium carbide coating. In TRD salt bath Nb-Cr co-diffusion treatment, T10 steel samples were delved into TRD salt. The samples were treated at 880°C for 3.5 h and then at 950°C for 2.5h. The obtained coatings were characterized by means of microstructure, microhardness, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The cross-section hardness of the chromium-niobium carbide coating obtained on the surface of T10 steel samples transits smoothly. The coating was dense, smooth and compact. The thickness ratio of the niobium carbide layer (the outer layer) and the chromium carbide layer (the inner layer) was 4. The hardness of chromium-niobium carbide coating was about 2751HV0.05, which is between the single chromizing and single niobium. The results showed superior wear properties of the coated samples. The kinetics of chromium-niobium carbide coating was also studied.
Modelling of Surface Roughness in Ultra-High Precision Turning of an RGP Contact Lens Polymer
Authors: Liman Muhammad M. , Abou-El-Hossein Khaled , Jumare Abubakar I. , Odedeyi Peter Babatunde , Lukman Abdulqadir N.
Published: August 2017

Contact lens manufacture requires high accuracy and surface integrity. Surface roughness an important response because it has direct influence toward the part performance and the production cost. Hence, choosing optimal cutting parameters will not only improve the quality measure but also the productivity. This research work is therefore aimed at developing a predictive surface roughness model and investigate a finish cutting conditions of ONSI-56 contact lens polymer with a monocrystalline diamond cutting tool. In this work, a novel surface roughness prediction model, in which the feed rate, cutting speed and depth of cut are considered is developed. This combined process was successfully modeled using a Box–Behnken design (BBD) with response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of feed rate, cutting speed and depth of cut were investigated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the proposed quadratic model effectively interpreted the experimental data with coefficients of determination of R2 = 0.89 and adjusted R2 = 0.84. The worse surface value was obtained at high feedrate and low spindle speed.
Enhancement of the Gray Cast Iron Properties by Adding Chromium Element
Authors: Alla Mohamed Awad Eisa Gaib , Abdulsalam Khairi
Published: August 2017

In this paper the effect of chromium element on some mechanical properties of gray cast iron is studied .The work was divided in to four categories, each category has three samples; each sample has three different chromium content 0.0%, 1.7%, 3.7%. The mechanical properties were investigated (hardness and impact) before and after the heat treatment. The heat treatment was carried out for period of 12 minutes at two different temperatures. The results confirmed that durability, toughness, and hardness are proportional to the chromium content. The ultimate aim of this research is to enhance the mechanical properties of gray cast iron by adding chromium element.
Preparation and Characterization of Pentoxyverine Citrate Micro-Nano Particle Aggregations
Authors: Chen Bo , Tang Hui , Huang Yong Peng , Jiao Jian Lan , Zou Chuan Pin
Published: August 2017

Micro-nano drug particle aggregations were prepared by shearing emulsification, high pressure homogenization and spray freeze drying, particle formational process and optimization of preparation conditions were analyzed, and micro-morphologies, particle size distributions, aerodynamic properties, release performances, inhalation and deposition properties were characterized. Results show that the optimum condition is drug supersaturation 2 and liquid feeding rate 800 mL/h. Micro morphologies of aggregations are porous spherical foamy structure formed by flaky micro-nano particles. The aggregations obtain both of the advantages of low density and large porous particles and micro-nano superficial particles. Tap density is only 0.062 g mL-1, mass median aerodynamic diameter is 0.93μm, aerosol availability is 59.8%, fine particle fraction is 15.80%, and more than 99% drugs dissolve within 5 min. All above properties are effective for drug delivery and release of DPI.
Study on Life Cycle Assessment for Composite of Transportation Vehicle Structure
Authors: Park Hyun Bum
Published: August 2017

In the analysis of life cycle cost (LCC) according to the usage of all-composite structure, this study verified that economic operating cost impact occurring during operation is more important component than simple purchase cost in the review based on various economic components. Namely, all-composite structure requires the highest production costs based on LCC analysis, but entire LCC and ecological impact in the socio-economic aspect are important variables and all-composite structure is clearly the optimum alternative.
Effect of Second Loading on the Instrumented Continuous Flight Auger Concrete Pile on Porous Soil
Authors: Albuquerque Paulo Jose Rocha , de Carvalho David
Published: August 2017

This paper presents the results of two load tests carried out in a continuous flight auger pile of 0.4 m in diameter and 12 m in length. The pile was instrumented in depth with strain gages in order to obtain the load capacity along the shaft and the tip. The load tests were carried out at the University of Campinas Experimental Site Test. The subsoil where the pile was installed is constituted by a first stratum of Silty Clay, which is porous and collapsible, of 6.5 m in thickness, followed by a stratum of residual soil of Clayey Silt up to 14 m depth. The first load test was the slow type, and a quick load test in the same pile after five days. From the results obtained with the use of instrumentation, the values for both lateral and tip load were determined in each one of test carried out in the pile studied. With these results and applying the Cambefort’s Law, it was could evaluate the evolution of the shaft friction and tip load in relation to the associated settlements, as well as the occurrence of residual load. The ultimate load obtained in the test was 960 kN and 810 kN for the first and second tests, respectively. The stress for the tip was 853 kPa and 655 kPa for the first and second tests, respectively.
Review on Research of Cement Grinding Aids and Certain Problems
Authors: Hao Shi Hua , Liu Bing Hua , Yan Xin Yong
Published: August 2017

It can increase the cement fineness, improve cement production and improve comprehensive performance of cement significantly by adding grinding aids, and promote the use of grinding aids in reducing the energy consumption of cement production, with the adjustment of national economic growth and the elimination of backward production capacity. But the effect mechanism of the grinding aids is divided, and the grinding effect of the system is still need to be improved. In this paper, the development history of cement grinding aids is introduced, and the grinding aids are summarized systematically from the aspects of the grinding mechanism and present research situation at home and abroad. Study shows that current research only stay on the level of practice, not related to the in-depth research on the theory system and theoretical model, a set of grinding efficiency of composite grinding system and the corresponding scientific theory are need to establish.
Experimental Study on Performance of Short-Bonding Interface between CFRP and Concrete
Authors: Liu S.W. , Zhang Jia Wei , Zhao Jian Chang , Liu Run Dong , Li Kai
Published: August 2017

Based on double shear test, to study the performance of FRP and concrete bonding interface as the FRP sheet bond length is relatively short (hereinafter referred to as short bond). This paper mainly focuses on the research of interface failure modes, ultimate bearing capacity, interface fracture energy, the development and distribution regularity of strain and stress. Therefore, the interface bond slip relationship curve is obtained through differential operation and data regression analysis on FRP strain values which was gained from test. Results show that: (1) under the condition of short-bonding, damage form of FRP and concrete bonding interface is shear failure which caused sudden destruction to the inner of concrete block; (2) The ultimate bearing capacity, interface fracture energy and maximum shear stress increase with the improvement of concrete strength; (3) the interface shear stress - slip curve is obviously featured as nonlinear, composed of rising and falling, basically presents as a parabolic shape.
Ring Deflection Prediction of Pipe Composed of Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic Outer Layers and Polymer Mortar Inner Layer Section
Authors: Seo Jae Hun , Kim Sun Hee , Yoon Soon Jong , Choi Won Chang
Published: August 2017

The cooling water intake pipeline constructed in the nuclear power plant is mostly made of steel or concrete. However, they have some disadvantages such as reduced durability due to wear and corrosion caused by sea water, defects in connections, breakage of pipelines, and difficulties in continuous maintenance. To mitigate the presented problems, recently, the research on durable and outstanding corrosion resistant glass fiber reinforced polymer plastic (GFRP) pipe has been actively conducted. In this experimental study, 2400 mm (94.49 in) diameter of GFRP pipe specimen is investigated. The field test was planned to measure ring deflection of buried GFRP pipe. In addition, the design method proposed by American Water Works Association (AWWA) M 45 was applied to compute the ring deflection of pipe and then compared the predicted results with the experimental results.
Preparation of Telechelic Hydroxyl Low Molecular Weight Fluoropolymers
Authors: Li Dong Han , Liao Ming Yi
Published: August 2017

Preparation of telechelic hydroxyl low molecular weight fluoropolymers by reduction reaction was presented. The telechelic carboxyl low molecular weight fluoropolymers were chosen as raw materials which were prepared by oxidative degradation method. The molecular weights of telechelic carboxyl low molecular weight fluoropolymers were about 3700. Then, using lithium aluminum hydride reacted with carboxyl groups to prepare the telechelic hydroxyl low molecular weight fluoropolymers. The effects of reaction temperatures, reaction times, contents of solvent and lithium aluminum hydride were investigated in detail. The structures, Mn and dynamic viscosity of low molecular weight fluoropolymers were analyzed by FTIR, 1H-NMR, GPC and viscometer respectively. Finally telechelic hydroxyl low molecular weight fluoropolymers were prepared. The conversion rate of that reduction reaction was about 95%. The product was a viscous fluid with a dynamic viscosity of 48Pa·s at 50°C.
Dual-Specificity Phosphatase 3 Deletion Protects Female, but Not Male, Mice from Endotoxemia-Induced and Polymicrobial-Induced Septic Shock
Authors: Vandereyken Maud M. , Singh Pratibha , Wathieu Caroline P. , Jacques Sophie , Zurashvilli Tinatin , Dejager Lien , Amand Mathieu , Musumeci Lucia , Singh Maneesh , Moutschen Michel P. , Libert Claude R. F. , Rahmouni Souad
Published: August 2017

Dual-specificity phosphatase 3 (DUSP3) is a small phosphatase with poorly known physiological functions and for which only a few substrates are known. Using knockout mice, we recently reported that DUSP3 deficiency confers resistance to endotoxin- and polymicrobial-induced septic shock. We showed that this protection was macrophage dependent. In this study, we further investigated the role of DUSP3 in sepsis tolerance and showed that the resistance is sex dependent. Using adoptive-transfer experiments and ovariectomized mice, we highlighted the role of female sex hormones in the phenotype. Indeed, in ovariectomized females and in male mice, the dominance of M2-like macrophages observed in DUSP3−/− female mice was reduced, suggesting a role for this cell subset in sepsis tolerance. At the molecular level, DUSP3 deletion was associated with estrogen-dependent decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt in peritoneal macrophages stimulated ex vivo by LPS. Our results demonstrate that estrogens may modulate M2-like responses during endotoxemia in a DUSP3-dependent manner.
TIM-4 Identifies IFN-γ–Expressing Proinflammatory B Effector 1 Cells That Promote Tumor and Allograft Rejection
Authors: Ding Qing , Mohib Kanishka , Kuchroo Vijay K. , Rothstein David M.
Published: August 2017

B cells give rise to polarized subsets, including B effector 1 (Be1) cells and regulatory B cells, which can promote or inhibit immune responses through expression of IFN-γ and IL-10, respectively. Such subsets likely explain why B cell depletion can either ameliorate or exacerbate inflammatory diseases; however, these cells remain poorly understood because of the absence of specific markers. Although T cell Ig and mucin domain-containing molecule (TIM)-1 broadly identifies IL-10+ regulatory B cells, no similar markers for Be1 cells have been described. We now show that TIM-4 is expressed by a subset of B cells distinct from those expressing TIM-1. Although TIM-1+ B cells are enriched for IL-10, TIM-4+ B cells are enriched for IFN-γ. TIM-1+ B cells enhanced the growth of B16-F10 melanoma. In contrast, TIM-4+ B cells decreased B16-F10 metastasis and s.c. tumor growth, and this was IFN-γ dependent. TIM-1+ B cells prolonged islet allograft survival in B-deficient mice, whereas TIM-4+ B cells accelerated rejection in an IFN-γ–dependent manner. Moreover, TIM-4+ B cells promoted proinflammatory Th differentiation in vivo, increasing IFN-γ while decreasing IL-4, IL-10, and Foxp3 expression by CD4+ T cells—effects that are opposite from those of TIM-1+ B cells. Importantly, a monoclonal anti–TIM-4 Ab promoted allograft tolerance, and this was dependent on B cell expression of TIM-4. Anti–TIM-4 downregulated T-bet and IFN-γ expression by TIM-4+ B cells and indirectly increased IL-10 expression by TIM-1+ B cells. Thus, TIM-4+ B cells are enriched for IFN-γ–producing proinflammatory Be1 cells that enhance immune responsiveness and can be specifically targeted with anti–TIM-4.
A literature review on work transitioning of youth with disabilities into competitive employment
Authors: Engelbrecht Madri , Shaw Lynn , Van Niekerk Lana
Published: August 2017

Background: The marginalisation of youth with disabilities from employment opportunities is evident from literature in as far as they form part of the larger groups ‘people with disabilities’ and ‘youth’. A focused view of programmes that assist youth with disabilities into employment has not been presented, despite the worldwide crisis of youth unemployment.Aim: This review aimed to identify evidence on work transition programmes that are effective in assisting people with disabilities into open labour market (competitive) employment, as well as to highlight gaps in knowledge to inform future research on this topic.Methods: Literature and policy on programmes that support such transitions were considered, firstly from a global perspective and then with a view from developing countries. The SALSA (Search, Appraisal, Synthesis and Analysis) framework was used to source and analyse information from a diverse set of documents. Various online databases were searched for research papers published between 1990 and 2016, and websites were searched for reports pertaining to this topic.Results: Ninety-nine documents were selected to inform the review, out of an identified 259 scientific journal articles, policy documents, acts, organisational reports and book chapters.Conclusion: A synthesis of findings was presented in a narrative that reflects the themes of youth with disabilities and employment in the world, work transition endeavours in the developing world and a specific focus on this group in South Africa. The review revealed a gap in knowledge and evidence pertaining to youth with disabilities and employment, highlighting these as research foci, and emphasising the need for youth-focused research that generates knowledge about disability and transitions into the labour force.
Challenges faced by caregivers of children on antiretroviral therapy at Mutale Municipality selected healthcare facilities, Vhembe District, Limpopo Province
Authors: Mafune Rhudzani V. , Lebese Rachel T. , Nemathaga Livhuwani H.
Published: August 2017

Background: Children depend solely on caregivers who can be either parents or guardians for drug administration to enhance adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART), which might pose any number of challenges.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the challenges faced by caregivers of children on ART at Mutale Municipality, Vhembe District, Limpopo Province.Research design and method: The research design was qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual in nature. The population consisted of 16 caregivers who were 18 years of age and above, and mentally capable, irrespective of educational qualifications, caring for children aged between 0 and 15 years who were on ART between April 2013 and October 2014. Non-probability, purposive sampling was used to select the 16 caregivers. Required permission, approval and ethical clearance were obtained from the University of Venda Higher Degree Committee, Limpopo Provincial Health Department and relevant institutions. An in-depth, individual, unstructured interview method was used to collect data. One central question was asked: ‘What are the challenges you experience when caring for a child on antiretroviral treatment?’ Subsequent questions were based on the participants’ responses to the central question. Qualitative data were analysed by means of Tesch’s open-coding method.Results: The findings of this study revealed that participants, that is, caregivers of children on ART, experienced financial burdens because of transport costs needed to comply with follow-up dates and insufficient of money for food, clothing the child in need of care, pocket money for lunch boxes during school hours and time lost while waiting for consultations. Participants reported some level of stigmatisation against children on ART by family members, especially the husbands or in-laws of the secondary caregivers. Many primary and secondary caregivers seemed to have given up seeking support from government and community structures.Conclusion: The conclusions drawn from this research are that caregivers hardly receive any support from family members or the community. Fear of disclosing the HIV-positive status of children resulted in the delay of financial support from the government, thus leading to serious financial burden on the caregivers.