bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Karakter Bangsa dalam Pembelajaran PAI
Authors: Lailasari Ita
Published: July 2023

Nilai-nilai karakter dapat diterapkan melalui pendidikan. Namun selama ini banyak institusi pendidikan yang tidak berperan sebagai pranata sosial yang mampu membangun karakter bangsa Indonesia sesuai dengan nilai normativ kebangsaan yang dicita-citakan. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui internalisasi nilai-nilai karakter bangsa dalam pembelajaran PAI di SD Bintang Madani Bandung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data kualitatif, yang dikategorikan menjadi dua jenis yaitu data primer dan data sekunder. Sumber data diperoleh melalui teknik library research (studi kepustakaan) yang mengacu pada sumber-sumber yang tersedia baik online maupun offline seperti: jurnal ilmiah, buku dan berita yang bersumber dari sumber terpercaya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa bahwa tujuan Internalisasi nilai-nilai karakter bangsa dalam pembelajaran PAI di SD Bintang Madani Bandung adalah agar setiap siswa memiliki akhlak yang benar, memahami dan melaksanakan ibadah wajib dan sunah serta bangga menjadi warga Negara Indonesia yang mencerminkan karakter seorang muslim.
PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF Β-GALACTOSIDASE ENZYME IN THE PLANT EXTRACT FROM (ZIZIPHUS SPINA-CHRISTI) AND ITS APPLICATION IN MILK
Authors: Hussien S. A. , Doosh K. S.
Published: July 2023

In the development of a medicinal plant, β-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) is essential (Ziziphus spina-christi). The enzyme activity was measured by its ability to hydrolyze the substrate 2-nitrophenyl β-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG). The maximum enzyme activity was at 50 ° C and at pH 5.5. The enzyme's Km and Vmax values were 3.65 mM and 0.18 μmol / min, respectively. HgCl2 and KCN completely inhibit the activities of β-galactosidase (Ziziphus spina-christi). Lactose in milk was reduced by 38.5 and 70 percent by β-galactosidase from (Ziziphus spina-christi), respectively, after 4h incubation. This result showed that the β-galactosidase enzyme in the extract of leaves (Ziziphus spina-christi) can be used for industrial and medical applications.
The peculiarities of hybrid institutionalization and prospects for democratization of political system of Ukraine
Authors: Haponenko Vira
Published: July 2023

The aim of this research is to study the peculiarities of hybrid institutionalization in the context of prospects for further democratization of political system in Ukraine. The tasks of the research are to clarify the concept of democratization, to distinguish it from such terms as institutionalization and transformation; to establish the criteria for differentiating between hybrid and democratic institutionalization; to define the opportunities for the Ukrainian political system to get out of the institutional trap. The results of the research testify to the hybrid nature of the political regime and institution- al changes, contradictions between formal and informal institutions that obstruct democratization of the political system, highlight the prospects for institutionalization of democratic institutions by providing alternatives or assigning formal characteristics to authoritarian practices.
La conflictividad social frente a los bienes públicos: entre el derecho a la protesta y el uso público
Authors: Castilla Barraza Jaime Gabriel , Benavides Román Alexander Masías , Haro Echegaray María del Rosario
Published: July 2023

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar desde un enfoque cualitativo la conflictividad social frente a los bienes públicos, desde la perspectiva intersectorial entre el derecho a la protesta y el derecho al uso del espacio público. La metodología empleada parte de un análisis sistemático y diacrónico de bibliografía especializada en revistas indizadas de alto impacto. Dentro de los hallazgos se advierte la necesidad de una respuesta eficaz por parte del Estado frente a los requerimientos de la población. Los niveles de violencia que devienen de las protestas, linda con la afectación de los bienes públicos restringiendo su uso a los ciudadanos en general que no participan de ella, por lo que se identifica la necesidad de fortalecer los mecanismos de previsión y resolución de los conflictos sociales a fin de que se garantice el derecho de las personas a su uso y disfrute.
MYC overrides HIF-1α to regulate proliferating primary cell metabolism in hypoxia
Authors: Copeland Courtney A , Olenchock Benjamin A , Ziehr David , McGarrity Sarah , Leahy Kevin , Young Jamey D , Loscalzo Joseph , Oldham William M
Published: July 2023

Hypoxia requires metabolic adaptations to sustain energetically demanding cellular activities. While the metabolic consequences of hypoxia have been studied extensively in cancer cell models, comparatively little is known about how primary cell metabolism responds to hypoxia. Thus, we developed metabolic flux models for human lung fibroblast and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells proliferating in hypoxia. Unexpectedly, we found that hypoxia decreased glycolysis despite activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and increased glycolytic enzyme expression. While HIF-1α activation in normoxia by prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibition did increase glycolysis, hypoxia blocked this effect. Multi-omic profiling revealed distinct molecular responses to hypoxia and PHD inhibition, and suggested a critical role for MYC in modulating HIF-1α responses to hypoxia. Consistent with this hypothesis, MYC knockdown in hypoxia increased glycolysis and MYC over-expression in normoxia decreased glycolysis stimulated by PHD inhibition. These data suggest that MYC signaling in hypoxia uncouples an increase in HIF-dependent glycolytic gene transcription from glycolytic flux.
A comparison of survey method efficiencies for estimating densities of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha)
Authors: Ferguson Jake M. , Jiménez Laura , Keyes Aislyn A. , Hilding Austen , McCartney Michael A. , St. Clair Katherine , Johnson Douglas H. , Fieberg John R.
Published: July 2023

Abundance surveys are commonly used to estimate plant or animal densities and frequently require estimating detection probabilities to account for imperfect detection. The estimation of detection probabilities requires additional measurements that take time, potentially reducing the efficiency of the survey when applied to high-density populations. We conducted quadrat, removal, and distance surveys of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in three central Minnesota lakes and determined how much survey effort would be required to achieve a pre-specified level of precision for each abundance estimator, allowing us to directly compare survey design efficiencies across a range of conditions. We found that the required sampling effort needed to achieve our precision goal depended on both the survey design and population density. At low densities, survey designs that could cover large areas but with lower detection probabilities, such as distance surveys, were more efficient (i.e., required less sampling effort to achieve the same level of precision). However, at high densities, quadrat surveys, which tend to cover less area but with high detection rates, were more efficient. These results demonstrate that the best survey design is likely to be context-specific, requiring some prior knowledge of the underlying population density and the cost/time needed to collect additional information for estimating detection probabilities.
Psychometric Properties of the PS Personal Disposition Inventory
Authors: BOLAT Özgür , ANTALYALI Ömer Lütfi
Published: July 2023

Bu çalışmada PS (Personality Structure) Kişisel Eğilimler Envanteri geliştirilmiş ve psikometrik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Envanter, başarı veya liderlikle ilişkisi olan psikolojik özellikleri kapsamaktadır. 29 farklı psikolojik özelliğin
literatürü incelenmiş, ölçme niteliği yüksek Türkçe bir envanterin geliştirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. 29 ölçek ve 271 maddeden oluşan envanterin geliştirilmesi için iki çalışma yürütülmüştür. İlk çalışmanın katılımcılarını, Süleyman
Demirel Üniversitesi öğrencileri oluşturmuştur. Tekrarlı veri toplama sürecinde, toplamda 5778 geçerli katılımcı verisi sağlanmıştır. Bu aşamada, ölçeklerin yapısal geçerliliği ve boyutların güvenilirliği sağlanana kadar veri toplama
ve madde geliştirme süreci devam etmiştir. Tatmin edici bulgulara ulaşıldıktan sonra, 74 katılımcı ile 3 hafta arayla test tekrar test uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. İkinci çalışmada ölçeklerin yakınsama, ayırt etme ve yordama
geçerlilikleri incelenmiştir. Bu aşamada Türkiye geneli sağlanan 324 katılımcının verileri ile analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yakınsama ve ayırt etme geçerlilikleri kapsamında literatürden edinilen 199 korelasyon değeri ile bu
çalışmadaki korelasyon değerleri karşılaştırılmış ve tartışma yapabilirlik ölçeği dışındaki ölçeklerin geçerliliklerinin tatmin edici düzeyde olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca ölçeklerin sosyal istenirlikle ilişkileri incelenmiş
ve literatürle uyumlu olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Son olarak yordama geçerliliği incelemesinde, kriter olarak sübjektif okul başarısı belirlenmiştir. 29 ölçekten 27’sinin direkt ya da dolaylı yordayıcı özelliği olduğu sonucuna
ulaşılmıştır. Gelişim odaklılık ve makyavelizm ölçekleri, sübjektif okul başarısını yordamada zayıf nitelik göstermiştir. Netice olarak; PS Kişisel Eğilimler Envanterinin, büyük oranda ölçüm niteliği yüksek, literatürle uyumlu,
Türkiye’deki araştırmalarda kullanılabilecek ve gelişime açık bir envanter olduğu söylenebilir.
Teachers' Views on Postgraduate Education: A Qualitative Study
Authors: TUTİ Gamze , SEYMEN Canan ÇOLAK , HARPUT Serkan , RİZELİ Hatice
Published: July 2023

Bu araştırmada öğretmenlerin lisansüstü eğitime ilişkin görüşleri incelenmiştir. Nitel araştırma yöntemi ve tipik durum çalışması deseninde kurgulanan bu çalışmada katılımcılar amaçlı örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada
öğretmen ve yöneticilerin görüşlerinin değerlendirilmesi amacı ile araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen yapılandırılmamış ve yarı yapılandırılmış sorulardan oluşan görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya ilişkin veriler farklı
okul türlerinden toplam 316 öğretmenden çevrimiçi olarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizi ve betimsel analiz birlikte kullanılmıştır. Veriler MAXQDA 2020 nitel analiz programıyla analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada
elde edilen sonuçlara göre katılımcılar lisansüstü eğitime karşı isteklilik durumlarını çoğunlukla alanlarında kendilerini geliştirme ve kişisel gelişim ile açıklamışlardır. Lisansüstü eğitime karşı gelişim çabası önündeki engellerin
ise ailevi sorumluklar, yoğun çalışma temposu, maddiyat ve yaş ile ilgili olduğunu ifade etmişlerdir. Ayrıca katılımcılar lisansüstü eğitime karşı çabaları üzerinde isteklilik duygusu, aile-çevre desteği ve idare-yönetim desteğinin
kolaylaştırıcı etmenler olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Araştırma sonuçlarına bağlı olarak lisansüstü eğitim programlarının amaçları doğrultusunda öğretmenlerin mesleki gelişimlerinin desteklenmesi önemi bağlamında araştırmacılara ve
politika yapıcılara birtakım önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Effects Of Disasters On Education and Disaster Planning In Schools
Authors: DEĞERLİYURT Zeliha
Published: July 2023

Afetler toplumlarda travmatik etkiler yapan, meydana geldiği zamanlarda hızlı müdahale edilmesi gereken olaylardır. Ancak Türkiye’de afetlere hazırlık ve müdahale işleri hep yetişkinlerin yapması gereken işler gibi algılanmakta ve
yapılması gereken birçok iş yetişkinlerin yapabileceği şekilde planlanmaktadır. Yine bu işler genel anlamda teorik düzeyde ve kağıt üzerinde kalmakta, uygulamada hep aksaklıklar yaşanmaktadır. Halbuki afet eğitiminin öğrencilere
daha ilk öğretim kademelerinden itibaren düzenli olarak verilmesinin sağlanması onların gelecek yaşantılarında afetler konusunda daha bilinçli olmalarını sağlayacaktır. Bu bilinç sayesinde de öğrenciler gelecekte evini yaparken,
seçerken veya kentleri planlarken de daha hassas davranışlı bireyler olarak hayata karışacaklardır. Türkiye’de geçmiş jeolojik ve jeomorfolojik gelişiminin sonucu olarak birçok doğal afet yaşanmaktadır. Meydana gelen bu afetler
sonucunda her yıl birçok insan ölmekte, tarım ürünleri, mallar, eşyalar ve yaşam alanları zarar görmektedir. Yapılan uyarılara rağmen Türkiye’de yaşanan birçok afet olayında benzer kayıplar yaşanmaktadır. Bu durumun en önemli nedenleri
arasında afetlerin etkilerine karşı insanların ilgisiz ve duyarsız davranmaları, geçmişteki afetlerin etkilerini de çok çabuk unutarak yeterli dersi çıkarmadıkları gösterilebilir. Bu çalışmada, afetlerle mücadele ve afetlere müdahalenin,
öğretimin ilk kademelerinden itibaren verilen eğitimlerle öğrencilerin daha bilinçli ve belirli becerilere sahip bireyler olarak topluma kazandırılmasınının önemi vurgulanmıştır. Bunun için de geçmişte yapılan çalışmalar ve raporlar
taranmış, elde edilen bilgiler yazarın kendi gözlemleri ve MEB bünyesinde aldığı hizmet içi eğitimlerle de birleştirilerek bilimsel bir kimliğe kavuşturulmuştur. Ayrıca okullarda verilecek afet eğitimlerinin uygulamaya dayalı olarak
verilmesi, verilen eğitimlerin unutulmaması için de belirli aralıklarla tekrarlanmasının gerekliliği belirtilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuç kısmında bir ortaöğretim lise kademesinde uygulanabilecek örnek afet müdahale şeması oluşturulmuştur.
ENSINO DE FÍSICA: A CONSTRUÇÃO DOS SABERES DOCENTES DE PROFESSORES INICIANTES EGRESSOS DO IFPE – CAMPUS PESQUEIRA
Authors: Bezerra Cleyton José Dos Santos , Lima Andreza Maria de
Published: July 2023

A base dos saberes profissionais se forma no início da carreira. Nesta pesquisa, analisamos a construção dos saberes docentes sobre o ensino de Física de professores iniciantes egressos do IFPE – campus Pesqueira. Construímos duas categorias teóricas: “Ensino de Física na perspectiva da Alfabetização Científica”, a partir de autores como Sasseron (2010) e Carvalho (2010), e “O professor iniciante e os saberes docentes”, com base em autores como Huberman (2000) e Tardif (2014). A pesquisa é qualitativa. Participaram três egressos da Licenciatura em Física. Para a coleta, usamos a entrevista semiestruturada. Para a análise, a Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo Categorial Temática. Os resultados mostraram que as origens dos saberes sobre o ensino de Física são diversas e as metodologias de maior êxito envolvem atividades prático-experimentais.
A ESCOLA ENXUTA E FLEXÍVEL DO PRECARIADO: CONSIDERAÇÕES ACERCA DA LIOFILIZAÇÃO ADMINISTRATIVA NA REDE PÚBLICA DE ENSINO DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Costa Igor Andrade da , Souza José Dos Santos
Published: July 2023

O texto trata da reforma administrativa na Rede Pública de Ensino do Estado do Rio de Janeiro a partir 2007. Seu objetivo é compreender como a burguesia materializa seu projeto educativo para o conjunto da sociedade. A partir de fontes bibliográficas primárias e secundárias, aponta que a adoção de sistemas gerenciais viabilizou a redução de 465.832 vagas entre 2007 e 2017, na Rede de Ensino investigada. Além de aumentar consideravelmente o controle sobre o trabalho docente e as formas de sua precarização. Neste contexto, a gestão escolar é marcada por parcerias com a iniciativa privada. O texto conclui que a reforma administrativa na Rede Estadual de Ensino do Rio de Janeiro visa a liofilização da escola como o projeto educativo para o precariado em um contexto da recomposição burguesa diante da crise orgânica do capital.
Defense Budget and Response of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Nigeria: Co-Integration and VECM Approach
Authors: Muhammed Sule , Madugbe Yakubu Hassan , Okafor Vicent Chuks , Itodo Itodo Christian
Published: July 2023

The research was conducted on the topic: Defense Budget and Response of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Nigeria: Co-integration and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) Approach. It investigated how Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) move in response to defence budget considering the insecurity problem faced by Nigeria during the period of the study. Time series data which spanned from 1981 to 2019 was sourced from CBN. The data collected was subjected to unit root test, co-integration test and vector error correction estimation. The results showed long run equilibrium among variables. It was found also that there existed short-run relationship among variables or ran from GDP, MNFO, INF and LFP to FDI and recommended improvement in output, inflation control, enhancement of labour force performance, economic diversification and improved security spending and sincere intention in the approach to finding lasting solutions to insecurity among others.
Effect of Maternal Egg Intake During the Early Neonatal Period and Risk of Infant Egg Allergy at 12 Months Among Breastfeeding Mothers
Authors: Nagakura Ken-ichi , Sato Sakura , Shinahara Wakako , Kido Hiroshi , Fujita Hidetoshi , Yanai Takanori , Akiyama Nao , Futamura Masaki , Koga Hiroshi , Fujiwara Michimasa , Kaneko Hideo , Taniguchi Hiroaki , Makita Eishi , Takahashi Kyohei , Yanagida Noriyuki , Ebisawa Motohiro , Urashima Mitsuyoshi
Published: July 2023

Importance

Egg introduction in infants at age 4 to 6 months is associated with a lower risk of immunoglobulin E–mediated egg allergy (EA). However, whether their risk of EA at age 12 months is affected by maternal intake of eggs at birth is unknown.

Objective

To determine the effect of maternal egg intake during the early neonatal period (0-5 days) on the development of EA in breastfed infants at age 12 months.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This multicenter, single-blind (outcome data evaluators), randomized clinical trial was conducted from December 18, 2017, to May 31, 2021, at 10 medical facilities in Japan. Newborns with at least 1 of 2 parents having an allergic disease were included. Neonates whose mothers had EA or were unable to consume breast milk after the age of 2 days were excluded. Data were analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis.

Interventions

Newborns were randomized (1:1) to a maternal egg consumption (MEC) group, wherein the mothers consumed 1 whole egg per day during the first 5 days of the neonate’s life, and a maternal egg elimination (MEE) group, wherein the mothers eliminated eggs from their diet during the same period.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was EA at age 12 months. Egg allergy was defined as sensitization to egg white or ovomucoid plus a positive test result in an oral food challenge or an episode of obvious immediate symptoms after egg ingestion.

Results

Of the 380 newborns included (198 [52.1%] female), 367 (MEC: n = 183; MEE: n = 184) were followed up for 12 months. On days 3 and 4 after delivery, the proportions of neonates with ovalbumin and ovomucoid detection in breast milk were higher in the MEC group than in the MEE group (ovalbumin: 10.7% vs 2.0%; risk ratio [RR], 5.23; 95% CI, 1.56-17.56; ovomucoid: 11.3% vs 2.0%; RR, 5.55; 95% CI, 1.66-18.55). At age 12 months, the MEC and MEE groups did not differ significantly in EA (9.3% vs 7.6%; RR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.62-2.40) or sensitization to egg white (62.8% vs 58.7%; RR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.91-1.26). No adverse effects were reported.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this randomized clinical trial, EA development and sensitization to eggs were unaffected by MEC during the early neonatal period.

Trial Registration

UMIN Clinical Trials Registry: UMIN000027593
Advances in Controlled Release Fertilizers: Cost‐Effective Coating Techniques and Smart Stimuli‐Responsive Hydrogels
Authors: Mansouri Houssameddine , Ait Said Hamid , Noukrati Hassan , Oukarroum Abdallah , Ben youcef Hicham , Perreault François
Published: July 2023

To meet the needs of a rapidly expanding global population, farmers will need more fertilizers than ever before to maintain a steady supply of affordable, nutritious food. The formulation of controlled release fertilizers (CRF) to synchronize nutrient release according to the demand of plants has emerged as a viable solution to the current problems associated with the poor nutrient usage efficiency of fertilizers. Yet, the greatest obstacle that still stands in the way of broad use of CRF in agriculture is their expensive manufacturing costs. The first section of this analysis focuses on broad topics related to CRF. Afterward, the differences between several cost‐effective raw materials and some of the production techniques used to make CRF are examined. Furthermore, the emerging field of “smart” coating materials, such as stimuli‐responsive coatings, which can accurately tailor nutrients delivery to the demands of the vegetation, is discussed, and the most important research work that could lead to their extensive use in agriculture is pointed out. The purpose of this review is to provide a strong assessment of CRF's development over the past several years by highlighting innovations and providing in‐depth analysis of prevailing patterns to better understand the future of agriculture.
Clinical Applicability of Visible Light‐Mediated Cross‐linking for Structural Soft Tissue Reconstruction
Authors: Major Gretel , Longoni Alessia , Simcock Jeremy , Magon Nicholas J , Harte Jessica , Bathish Boushra , Kemp Roslyn , Woodfield Tim , Lim Khoon S
Published: July 2023

Visible light‐mediated cross‐linking has utility for enhancing the structural capacity and shape fidelity of laboratory‐based polymers. With increased light penetration and cross‐linking speed, there is opportunity to extend future applications into clinical spheres. This study evaluated the utility of a ruthenium/sodium persulfate photocross‐linking system for increasing structural control in heterogeneous living tissues as an example, focusing on unmodified patient‐derived lipoaspirate for soft tissue reconstruction. Freshly‐isolated tissue is photocross‐linked, then the molar abundance of dityrosine bonds is measured using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and the resulting structural integrity assessed. The cell function and tissue survival of photocross‐linked grafts is evaluated ex vivo and in vivo, with tissue integration and vascularization assessed using histology and microcomputed tomography. The photocross‐linking strategy is tailorable, allowing progressive increases in the structural fidelity of lipoaspirate, as measured by a stepwise reduction in fiber diameter, increased graft porosity and reduced variation in graft resorption. There is an increase in dityrosine bond formation with increasing photoinitiator concentration, and tissue homeostasis is achieved ex vivo, with vascular cell infiltration and vessel formation in vivo. These data demonstrate the capability and applicability of photocrosslinking strategies for improving structural control in clinically‐relevant settings, potentially achieving more desirable patient outcomes using minimal manipulation in surgical procedures.
Tackling Soil ARG‐Carrying Pathogens with Global‐Scale Metagenomics
Authors: Wang Binhao , Xu Jianming , Wang Yiling , Stirling Erinne , Zhao Kankan , Lu Caiyu , Tan Xiangfeng , Kong Dedong , Yan Qingyun , He Zhili , Ruan Yunjie , Ma Bin
Published: July 2023

Antibiotic overuse and the subsequent environmental contamination of residual antibiotics poses a public health crisis via an acceleration in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) through horizontal gene transfer. Although the occurrence, distribution, and driving factors of ARGs in soils have been widely investigated, little is known about the antibiotic resistance of soilborne pathogens at a global scale. To explore this gap, contigs from 1643 globally sourced metagnomes are assembled, yielding 407 ARG‐carrying pathogens (APs) with at least one ARG; APs are detected in 1443 samples (sample detection rate of 87.8%). The richness of APs is greater in agricultural soils (with a median of 20) than in non‐agricultural ecosystems. Agricultural soils possess a high prevalence of clinical APs affiliated with Escherichia, Enterobacter, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus. The APs detected in agricultural soils tend to coexist with multidrug resistance genes and bacA. A global map of soil AP richness is generated, where anthropogenic and climatic factors explained AP hot spots in East Asia, South Asia, and the eastern United States. The results herein advance this understanding of the global distribution of soil APs and determine regions prioritized to control soilborne APs worldwide.
Wearable Safeguarding Leather Composite with Excellent Sensing, Thermal Management, and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Fan Ziyang , Lu Liang , Sang Min , Wu Jianpeng , Wang Xinyi , Xu Feng , Gong Xinglong , Luo Tianzhi , Leung Ken Cham‐Fai , Xuan Shouhu
Published: July 2023

This work illustrates a “soft‐toughness” coupling design method to integrate the shear stiffening gel (SSG), natural leather, and nonwoven fabrics (NWF) for preparing leather/MXene/SSG/NWF (LMSN) composite with high anti‐impact protecting, piezoresistive sensing, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, and human thermal management performance. Owing to the porous fiber structure of the leather, the MXene nanosheets can penetrate leather to construct a stable 3D conductive network; thus both the LM and LMSN composites exhibit superior conductivity, high Joule heating temperature, and an efficient EMI shielding effectiveness. Due to the excellent energy absorption of the SSG, the LMSN composites possess a huge force‐buffering (about 65.5%), superior energy dissipation (above 50%), and a high limit penetration velocity of 91 m s−1, showing extraordinary anti‐impact performance. Interestingly, LMSN composites possess an unconventional opposite sensing behavior to piezoresistive sensing (resistance reduction) and impact stimulation (resistance growing), thus they can distinguish the low and high energy stimulus. Ultimately, a soft protective vest with thermal management and impact monitoring performance is further fabricated, and it shows a typical wireless impact‐sensing performance. This method is expected to have broad application potential in the next‐generation wearable electronic devices for human safeguarding.
Color Stable Deep Blue Multi‐Resonance Organic Emitters with Narrow Emission and High Efficiency
Authors: Kang Jihoon , Jeon Soon Ok , Kim Inkoo , Lee Ha Lim , Lim Junseop , Lee Jun Yeob
Published: July 2023

The development of highly efficient and deep blue emitters satisfying the color specification of the commercial products has been a challenging hurdle in the organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Here, deep blue OLEDs with a narrow emission spectrum with good color stability and spin‐vibronic coupling assisted thermally activated delayed fluorescence are reported using a novel multi‐resonance (MR) emitter built on a pure organic‐based molecular platform of fused indolo[3,2,1‐jk]carbazole structure. Two emitters derived from 2,5,11,14‐tetrakis(1,1‐dimethylethyl)indolo[3,2,1‐jk]indolo[1′,2′,3′:1,7]indolo[3,2‐b]carbazole (tBisICz) core are synthesized as the MR type thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters realizing a very narrow emission spectrum with a full‐width‐at‐half‐maximum (FWHM) of 16 nm with suppressed broadening at high doping concentration. The tBisICz core is substituted with a diphenylamine or 9‐phenylcarbazole blocking group to manage the intermolecular interaction for high efficiency and narrow emission. The deep blue OLEDs achieve high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 24.9%, small FWHM of 19 nm, and deep blue color coordinate of (0.16, 0.04) with good color stability with increase in doping concentration. To the authors’ knowledge, the EQE in this work is one of the highest values reported for the deep blue OLEDs that achieve the BT.2020 standard.
Coping mechanisms during the COVID‐19 pandemic and lockdown in metropolitan Johannesburg, South Africa: A qualitative study
Authors: Paredes Ruvalcaba Nerli , Kim Andrew Wooyoung , Ndaba Nokubonga , Cele Lindile , Swana Someleze , Bosire Edna , Moolla Aneesa
Published: July 2023

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic has caused prolonged stress on numerous fronts. While the acute health impacts of psychosocial stress due to the pandemic are well‐documented, less is known about the resources and mechanisms utilized to cope in response to stresses during the pandemic and lockdown.

Objective

The aim of this study was to identify and describe the coping mechanisms adults utilized in response to the stressors of the COVID‐19 pandemic during the 2020 South African lockdown.

Methods

This study included adults (n = 47: 32 female; 14 male; 1 non‐binary) from the greater Johannesburg region in South Africa. Interviews with both closed and open‐ended questions were administered to query topics regarding the COVID‐19 pandemic. Data were coded and thematically analyzed to identify coping mechanisms and experiences.

Results

Adults engaged in a variety of strategies to cope with the pandemic and the ensued lockdown. The ability to access or engage in multiple coping mechanisms were either enhanced or constrained by financial and familial situations. Participants engaged in seven major coping mechanisms: interactions with family and friends, prayer and religion, staying active, financial resources, mindset reframing, natural remedies, and following COVID‐19 prevention protocols.

Conclusions

Despite the multiple stressors faced during the pandemic and lockdown, participants relied on multiple coping strategies which helped preserve their well‐being and overcome pandemic‐related adversity. The strategies participants engaged in were impacted by access to financial resources and family support. Further research is needed to examine the potential impacts these strategies may have on people's health.
Hybrid Double Perovskite Derived Halides Based on Bi and Alkali Metals (K, Rb): Diverse Structures, Tunable Optical Properties and Second Harmonic Generation Responses
Authors: Zhou Jiaqian , Xie Peiran , Wang Chao , Bian Tieyuan , Chen Jian , Liu Yang , Guo Zhu , Chen Congcong , Pan Xin , Luo Min , Yin Jun , Mao Lingling
Published: July 2023

Double perovskites (DP) have attracted extensive attention due to their rich structures and wide application prospects in the field of optoelectronics. Here, we report 15 new Bi‐based double perovskite derived halides with the general formula of A2BBiX6 (A=organic cationic ligand, B=K or Rb, X=Br or I). These materials are synthesized using organic ligands to coordinate with metal ions with a sp3 oxygen, and diverse structure types have been obtained with distinct dimensionalities and connectivity modes. The optical band gaps of these phases can be tuned by changing the halide, the organic ligand and the alkali metal, varying from 2.0 to 2.9 eV. The bromide phases exhibit increasing photoluminescence (PL) intensity with decreasing temperature, while the PL intensity of iodide phases changes nonmonotonically with temperature. Because the majority of these phases are non‐centrosymmetric, second harmonic generation (SHG) responses are also measured for selected non‐centrosymmetric materials, showing different particle‐size‐dependent trends. Our findings give rise to a series of new structural types to the DP family, and provide a powerful synthetic handle for symmetry breaking.
A Paramagnetic Compass Based on Lanthanide Metal‐Organic Framework
Authors: Jia Hao , Yin Baipeng , Chen Jiaying , Zou Ye , Wang Hong , Zhang Yu , Ma Tongmei , Shi Qiang , Yao Jiannian , Bai Shuming , Zhang Chuang
Published: July 2023

Macroscopic compass‐like magnetic alignment at low magnetic fields is natural for ferromagnetic materials but is seldomly observed in paramagnetic materials. Herein, we report a “paramagnetic compass” that magnetically aligns under ~mT fields based on the single‐crystalline framework constructed by lanthanide ions and organic ligands (Ln‐MOF). The magnetic alignment is attributed to the Ln‐MOF's strong macroscopic anisotropy, where the highly‐ordered structure allows the Ln‐ions’ molecular anisotropy to be summed according to the crystal symmetry. In tetragonal Ln‐MOFs, the alignment is either parallel or perpendicular to the field depending on the easiest axis of the molecular anisotropy. Reversible switching between the two alignments is realized upon the removal and re‐adsorption of solvent molecules filled in the framework. When the crystal symmetry is lowered in monoclinic Ln‐MOFs, the alignments become even inclined (47°‐66°) to the field. These fascinating properties of Ln‐MOFs would encourage further explorations of framework materials containing paramagnetic centers.
Design of a mixed‐matrix polyether sulfone membrane with well self‐cleaning capability for oil/water separation
Authors: Cai Jiaonan , Gao Chunmei , Liu Shenghui , Yan Kai , Ji Shifeng , Xing Yunqing , Guo Yi , Tan Wenjing
Published: July 2023

A self‐cleaning mixed‐matrix membrane was successfully developed and fabricated using the reverse thermally induced phase separation (RTIPS) method, incorporating modified particles. To achieve this, DA@CuFe2O4 particles were prepared by modifying CuFe2O4 with dopamine (DA) and then fed into the membrane matrix. The RTIPS method was employed to create hydrophilic membranes that exhibited remarkable stability and toughness. X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis results showed that the particles were successfully modified. XPS, scanning electron microscopy, and FTIR proved that the modified particles were introduced into the film. The EDS spectra also showed that the self‐made CuFe2O4 particles with DA adsorbed on the surface were uniformly distributed in the organic matter. In addition, the results of the contact angle characterization, tensile test, water flux test, oil–water separation test, and cycle test showed that the material with a high water flux (1707.78 L/m2 h) and removal rate of >99.9% has good wettability, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and stain resistance. In addition, the photocatalytic performance of the modified membranes was demonstrated by studying the degradation of pollutants under visible light. Through photocatalysis, the membrane material obtained a higher utilization rate, which provided a new attempt to solve the membrane separation technology in the field of oily wastewater treatment.
Effect of chain extender content on tribological properties of polyurethane under water‐lubrication
Authors: Xu Qiran , Guo Zhiwei , Huang Qiren , Yuan Chengqing
Published: July 2023

Polyurethane has been extensively studied as a multifunctional material for water‐lubricated bearing materials. As one of the polyurethane elastomeric synthetic material, the content of 4,4′‐methylene bis(2‐chloroaniline) (MOCA) directly affects the intermolecular structure and thus the properties of the material. Five samples with different MOCA contents were prepared by casting molding and tested. The results showed that the optimal comprehensive performance was obtained when the ratio of the amino group to the hydrocyanic acid group was 0.95, with tensile, compressive, and bending strengths of 50.1, 91.8, and 12.6 MPa, respectively. Compared with other samples, the surface of the sample was smooth, which was conducive to the formation of the water film. The bearing capacity and lubrication condition are improved, and the best tribological performance was shown. This research for the application of polyurethane elastomer on the water‐lubricated bearing provides a theoretical basis.
Effect of SiO2 surface modification on the filler‐reinforced interfaces in SiO2‐filled functional styrene butadiene rubber composites
Authors: Hussain Shahid , Zhao Zhongfu , Song Yujun , Zhang Chunqing
Published: July 2023

Silicon dioxide (SiO2), commonly known as silica, the surface is modified using bis(3‐triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide, also known as (Si69) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). A series of composites are prepared by mixing general solution styrene butadiene rubber (GSSBR) and polyethylene oxide‐functionalized solution styrene butadiene rubber (FSSBR) with unmodified and modified SiO2. A comparative analysis is conducted using various characterization techniques to evaluate the performance of different composites regarding rubber‐filler dispersion, thermal and dynamic mechanical properties. Field emission scanning electron microscopy demonstrates that FSSBR/SiO2@Si69 facilitates a more uniform and well‐dispersed distribution of silica particles, improving the compatibility between the rubber‐filler matrix and reducing the size of particle aggregates. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that composites GSSBR/SiO2@PEG and GSSBR/SiO2@Si69 + PEG and FSSBR/SiO2@Si69 possess superior thermal stability with minimal weight loss. According to the rubber process analyzer (RPA) analysis, FSSBR/SiO2@Si69 results in significantly reduced Payne effect values, indicating improved dispersion of the rubber‐filler mixture. These findings suggest that the simultaneous functionalization of SSBR and surface modification of SiO2 effectively enhance the interaction between filler and rubber.
Mussel‐inspired Self‐assembly into Polymer Coatings of Different Molecular Weight Electrolytes for Enhanced Self‐healing and Corrosion Properties
Authors: Zhang Meiling , Yu Xiaoming , Sheng Mengyi , Chen Hua
Published: July 2023

Self‐healing coatings offer tremendous application prospects in the field of preventing metal corrosion because of their superior functionality. The coordination of barrier performance and self‐healing ability, however, continues to be difficult. Herein, a polymer coating based on polyethyleneimine (PEI) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) with self‐repairing and barrier ability was designed. Introducing the catechol group into the anti‐corrosion coating increases the adhesion and self‐healing efficiency of the coating, providing a guarantee for the long‐term stable bonding between the anti‐corrosion coating and the metal substrate. Small molecular weight PAA polymers are added to polymer coatings to increase their self‐healing capabilities and corrosion resistance. Because layer‐by‐layer assembly creates reversible hydrogen bonds and electrostatic bonds that help the coating repair itself when it is damaged, and because the traction of small molecular weight polyacrylic acid speeds up this process. When polyacrylic acid (PAA) with a molecular weight of 2000 was present in the coating at a concentration of 1.5 mg/mL, the coating‘s self‐healing capability and corrosion resistance were at their peak. The PEI‐C/PAA45W‐PAA2000 coating completed the self‐healing within 10 min, and the corrosion resistance efficiency (Pe) was as high as 90.1 %. The polarization resistance (Rp) was maintained at 7.67×104 Ω cm2 after immersion for more than 240 h. It was better than other samples in this work. The polymer provides a new idea for the prevention of metal corrosion.
Insights into DNA cleavage by MutL homologs from analysis of conserved motifs in eukaryotic Mlh1
Authors: Putnam Christopher D. , Kolodner Richard D.
Published: July 2023

MutL family proteins contain an N‐terminal ATPase domain (NTD), an unstructured interdomain linker, and a C‐terminal domain (CTD), which mediates constitutive dimerization between subunits and often contains an endonuclease active site. Most MutL homologs direct strand‐specific DNA mismatch repair by cleaving the error‐containing daughter DNA strand. The strand cleavage reaction is poorly understood; however, the structure of the endonuclease active site is consistent with a two‐ or three‐metal ion cleavage mechanism. A motif required for this endonuclease activity is present in the unstructured linker of Mlh1 and is conserved in all eukaryotic Mlh1 proteins, except those from metamonads, which also lack the almost absolutely conserved Mlh1 C‐terminal phenylalanine‐glutamate‐arginine‐cysteine (FERC) sequence. We hypothesize that the cysteine in the FERC sequence is autoinhibitory, as it sequesters the active site. We further hypothesize that the evolutionary co‐occurrence of the conserved linker motif with the FERC sequence indicates a functional interaction, possibly by linker motif‐mediated displacement of the inhibitory cysteine. This role is consistent with available data for interactions between the linker motif with DNA and the CTDs in the vicinity of the active site.
Scale‐down of CHO cell cultivation from shake flasks based on oxygen mass transfer allows application of parallelized, non‐invasive, and time‐resolved monitoring of the oxygen transfer rate in 48‐well microtiter plates
Authors: Ihling Nina , Berg Christoph , Paul Richard , Munkler Lara Pauline , Mäkinen Meeri E.‐L. , Chotteau Veronique , Büchs Jochen
Published: July 2023

Cultivating Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in microtiter plates (MTPs) with time‐resolved monitoring of the oxygen transfer rate (OTR) is highly desirable to provide process insights at increased throughput. However, monitoring of the OTR in MTPs has not been demonstrated for CHO cells, yet. Hence, a CHO cultivation process was transferred from shake flasks to MTPs to enable monitoring of the OTR in each individual well of a 48‐well MTP. For this, the cultivation of an industrially relevant, antibody‐producing cell line was transferred from shake flask to MTP based on the volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient (kLa). Culture behavior was well comparable (deviation of the final IgG titer less than 10%). Monitoring of the OTR in 48‐well MTPs was then used to derive the cytotoxicity of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) based on a dose–response curve in a single experiment using a second CHO cell line. Logistic fitting of the dose–response curve determined after 100 h was used to determine the DMSO concentration that resulted in a cytotoxicity of 50% (IC50). A DMSO concentration of 2.70% ± 0.25% was determined, which agrees with the IC50 previously determined in shake flasks (2.39% ± 0.1%). Non‐invasive, parallelized, and time‐resolved monitoring of the OTR of CHO cells in MTPs was demonstrated and offers excellent potential to speed up process development and assess cytotoxicity.
The synergetic effect from the combination of different adsorption resins in batch and semi‐continuous cultivations of S. Cerevisiae cell factories to produce acetylated Taxanes precursors of the anticancer drug Taxol
Authors: Santoyo‐Garcia Jorge H. , Walls Laura E. , Valdivia‐Cabrera Marissa , Malcı Koray , Jonguitud‐Borrego Nestor , Halliday Karen J. , Rios‐Solis Leonardo
Published: July 2023

In situ product recovery is an efficient way to intensify bioprocesses as it can perform adsorption of the desired natural products in the cultivation. However, it is common to use only one adsorbent (liquid or solid) to perform the product recovery. For this study, the use of an in situ product recovery method with three combined commercial resins (HP‐20, XAD7HP, and HP‐2MG) with different chemical properties was performed. A new yeast strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was engineered using CRISPR Cas9 (strain EJ2) to deliver heterologous expression of oxygenated acetylated taxanes that are precursors of the anticancer drug Taxol ® (paclitaxel). Microscale cultivations using a definitive screening design (DSD) were set to get the best resin combinations and concentrations to retrieve high taxane titers. Once the best resin treatment was selected by the DSD, semi‐continuous cultivation in high throughput microscale was performed to increase the total taxanes yield up to 783 ± 33 mg/L. The best T5α‐yl Acetate yield obtained was up to 95 ± 4 mg/L, the highest titer of this compound ever reported by a heterologous expression. It was also observed that by using a combination of the resins in the cultivation, 8 additional uncharacterized taxanes were found in the gas chromatograms compared to the dodecane overlay method. Lastly, the cell‐waste reactive oxygen species concentrations from the yeast were 1.5‐fold lower in the resin's treatment compared to the control with no adsorbent aid. The possible future implications of this method could be critical for bioprocess intensification, allowing the transition to a semi‐continuous flow bioprocess. Further, this new methodology broadens the use of different organisms for natural product synthesis/discovery benefiting from clear bioprocess intensification advantages.
Regio‐ and stereo‐selective 1β‐hydroxylation of lithocholic acid by cytochrome P450 BM3 mutants
Authors: Li Haiyan , Dai Wei , Qin Shuaishuai , Li Shan , Yu Yundong , Zhang Lei
Published: July 2023

Regio‐ and stereo‐selective hydroxylation of bile acids is a valuable reaction but often lacks suitable catalysts. In the research, semi‐rational design in protein engineering techniques had been applied on cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP102A1 (P450 BM3) from Bacillus megaterium, and a mutation library had been set up for the 1β‐hydroxylation of lithocholic acid (LCA) to produce 1β‐OH‐LCA. After four rounds of mutagenesis, a key residue at W72 was identified to regulate the regio‐ and stereo‐selectivity at C1 of LCA. A quadruple variant (G87A/W72T/A74L/L181M) was identified to reach 99.4% selectivity of 1β‐hydroxylation and substrate conversion of 68.1% resulting in a 21.5‐fold higher level of 1β‐OH‐LCA production than the template LG‐23. Molecular docking indicated that introducing hydrogen bonds at W72 was responsible for enhancing selectivity and catalytic activity, which gave some insights into the structure‐based understanding of Csp3‐H activation by the developed P450 BM3 mutants.
Dynamic metagenome‐scale metabolic modeling of a yogurt bacterial community
Authors: Qiu Sizhe , Zeng Hong , Yang Zhijie , Hung Wei‐Lian , Wang Bei , Yang Aidong
Published: July 2023

Genome‐scale metabolic models and flux balance analysis (FBA) have been extensively used for modeling and designing bacterial fermentation. However, FBA‐based metabolic models that accurately simulate the dynamics of coculture are still rare, especially for lactic acid bacteria used in yogurt fermentation. To investigate metabolic interactions in yogurt starter culture of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, this study built a dynamic metagenome‐scale metabolic model which integrated constrained proteome allocation. The accuracy of the model was evaluated by comparing predicted bacterial growth, consumption of lactose and production of lactic acid with reference experimental data. The model was then used to predict the impact of different initial bacterial inoculation ratios on acidification. The dynamic simulation demonstrated the mutual dependence of S. thermophilus and L. d. bulgaricus during the yogurt fermentation process. As the first dynamic metabolic model of the yogurt bacterial community, it provided a foundation for the computer‐aided process design and control of the production of fermented dairy products.
Pollen grading prediction scale for patients with Artemisia pollen allergy in China: A 3‐day moving predictive model
Authors: Yin Zhaoyin , Ouyang Yuhui , Dang Bing , Zhang Luo
Published: July 2023

Background

Artemisia pollen is the most prevalent outdoor aeroallergen causing respiratory allergies in Beijing, China. Pollen allergen concentrations have a direct impact on the quality of life of those suffering from allergies. Artemisia pollen deposition grading predictions can provide early warning for the protection and treatment of patients as well as provide a scientific basis for allergen specific clinical immunotherapy.

Objective

To develop a model of Artemisia pollen grading to predict development in patients with pollen allergy.

Methods

Artemisia pollen data from four pollen monitoring stations in Beijing as well as the number of Artemisia pollen allergen serum specific immunoglobulin E positive cases in Beijing Tongren Hospital from 2014 to 2016 were used to develop a statistical model of pollen deposition and provide optimised threshold values.

Results

A logarithmic correlation existed between the number of patients with Artemisia pollen allergy and Artemisia pollen deposition, and the average pollen deposition for three consecutive days was most correlated with the number of allergic patients. Based on the threshold of the number of patients and the characteristics of Artemisia pollen, a five‐stage pollen deposition grading model was developed to predict the degree of pollen allergy.

Conclusions

Graded prediction of pollen deposition may help pollen allergic populations benefit from preventive interventions before onset.