bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Initialisms in Scientific Writing in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Authors: Katrin Menzel
Published: October 2024

This paper focusses on the role of initialisms in scientific English articles in the Royal Society Corpus (Fischer et al. 2020; Kermes et al. 2016). The development of scientific initialisms is illustrated with frequency data, a discussion of the evolution of the text topics obtained from topic modelling and an analysis of the development of information-theoretic surprisal values of initialisms in three time spans between 1830 and 1919. The overall frequency and diversity of initialisms for scientific concepts has risen considerably between 1830 and 1919 in the context of the ongoing specialisation of the sciences. Particularly from the 1860s onwards scientific initialisms increasingly become shortcuts for multiword units with wordhood and term status. The surprisal values of scientific initialisms decrease over time as such forms more regularly occur in conventionalised textual contexts and fixed expressions. Overall, the analysis of the RSC texts shows that key developments towards the conventionalisation of scientific initialisms as term formation patterns took place in the transitional period from Late Modern to Present-day English.
Introduction to the Proceedings of the 2023 Symposium ‘Historical English Word-Formation’
Authors: Majewski Kerstin
Published: October 2024

It has not yet been ten years since Klaus Dietz (2015: 1915) prophesised that
"[f]uture research work [on historical word-formation in English] will profit by two kinds of new instruments: firstly, by the Dictionary of Old English (DOE) and its Web Corpus, by the Middle English Dictionary (MED) and by the nascent third edition of the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), and secondly, by new corpora of historical English."
The proceedings of the 2023 symposium respond to those predictions in manifold ways. Under the heading ‘Historical English Word-Formation’, the organisers of the symposium intended to “bring together researchers studying diachronic English word-formation and to showcase current research in this area” (Majewski 2023: 287). Although no particular temporal, thematic, or methodological focus was asked for, the five essays provide answers to some of the general questions that the symposium had initially raised, namely: How have large-scale corpus analyses and respective computational tools helped us study diachronic changes in the formation of new words? Which recent insights are there into the frequency and productivity as well as the rules and restrictions of word-formation units and patterns in the history of English? Further, which roles do regional, social, medial, and other factors as well as text types and (non‑)literary genres play for the creation of new words? The five contributions to this special issue of ZWJW illustrate that, as Dietz had anticipated, the study of word formations in past stages of English has profited extremely from the advances made in computational research and Artificial Intelligence, yet they also delineate both their advantages and limitations.
Technological aspects of birch bark processing into a component of food systems for the population of the Arctic and the Far North
Authors: Shkolnikova M. N. , Pavlov I. N. , Averyanova E. V. , Rozhnov E. D. , Chugunova O. V.
Published: October 2024

Betulin-containing micronutrients increase the quality, physiological activity, and shelf life of food systems. Such micronutrients are relevant for developing physiologically functional food products for the population residing in the regions of the Arctic and the Far North. In this research, we aim to optimize the process of extracting betulin from Betula pendula Roth. For use in food systems for nutritional support of the population residing in regions with extreme climatic conditions by the method of mathematical modeling. Birch bark was harvested in the summer months of 2015–2021 in the foothill zone of the Altai Krai. Mathematical optimization of the process of betulin extraction from birch bark of white-trunked birches (Betula pendula Roth.), containing more than 20 wt% of the main substance, under autoclaving conditions was carried out using the Statistica 10 software package. Based on an analysis of response surfaces constructed using a regression equation, optimal parameters for betulin extraction with ethyl alcohol were determined. Thus, the birch bark particle size equals 3×3 mm; hydromodulus is 1:5; process duration is 150 min. Under these parameters, the betulin yield achieved more than 97%, with its authenticity and safety being confirmed experimentally. The physiological activity of betulin, as well as its usage examples in various food systems to prolong shelf life, prove its feasibility as a natural preserving agent. In addition, betulin can be used as a functional component, i.e., as an antioxidant for enriching food products, in particular, those intended for the population residing in extreme climatic conditions of the Arctic and the Far North.
Physico-chemical characteristics of melanins culture medium Inocutis dryophila (Berk) Flasson & Niemela
Authors: Gornostai T. G.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of light treatment on the synthesis of endomelanins from the mycelium of Inocutis dryophila in a liquid culture medium. To identify the effect of light on the synthesis of melanins, the mycelium of Inocutis dryophila was cultivated in a liquid medium in the dark and using blue light treatment. As a result, two types of melanins IDM-1 and IDM-2 were obtained. It has been established that the light factor influences the quantitative release of melanins from the mycelium of Inocutis dryophila into the culture liquid. The use of blue light resulted in lower melanin content in the culture fluid than in the dark. Ultraviolet and infrared spectrometry showed that both types of melanins have typical spectra and graphs for fungal melanins. Infrared spectrometry showed that treatment of mycelium with blue light led to deformation of IDM-1. It was revealed that IDM-2 melanins exhibit greater antiradical activity than IDM-1 melanins. Thus, light treatment of Inocutis dryophila mycelium in a liquid medium affects the quantitative release of melanins into the culture liquid, promotes a change in the structure, as well as manifestation of a biological effect.
Synthesis of sodium 1,3-propanebis(dithiocarbamate) and study of its flotation properties
Authors: Sakhabutdinova T. Kh. , Vchislo N. V. , Verochkina E. A. , Fedoseeva V. G. , Burdonov A. E. , Rozentsveig I. B.
Published: October 2024

Development and selection of a suitable reagent for efficient flotation is of great importance for ore beneficiation processes. Dithiocarbamates represent a class of organic compounds that are widely used as reagent-collectors in ore flotation. In this work, we conducted an analytical review of the methods currently used for obtaining this class of compounds and established the main method for obtaining dithiocarbamate salts to be the interaction of primary or secondary amines with carbon disulfide (CS2) in the presence of potassium or sodium hydroxide. The aim of the reviewed work was to synthesize sodium 1,3-propanebis(dithiocarbamate), as well as to study its flotation properties in the beneficiation of gold-bearing sulfide ores. A simple and effective method for sodium 1,3-propanebis(dithiocarbamate) synthesizing was proposed. Its structure was confirmed using physicochemical methods (infrared spectroscopy, 1H, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy). A set of studies found that the combined use of potassium butyl xanthate and sodium dialkyl dithiophosphate (BTF-1552) with sodium 1,3-propanebis(dithiocarbamate) led an increase in the efficiency of extraction of the target component of up to 81.63%, as well as an increase in its content in the concentrate of up to 7 g/t. In addition, the combination of sodium 1,3-propanebis(dithiocarbamate) with potassium butyl xanthate was shown to enable an extraction efficiency of 80.51%, as well as a valuable component content in the concentrate of up to 6.5 g/t with a low gold content in flotation tailings of 0.07 g/t. The proposed synthesis method and the results of flotation tests of gold-bearing ores are of interest for further research in the field of organic synthesis and practical application.
Addressing Challenges to Ensuring Justice and Sustainability in Policy and Infrastructure for Texas Water Resources in the 21st Century
Authors: Cook Margaret , Tremaine Darrel , Wyatt Briana , Banner Jay , Charles Joni , Berg Matthew , Bruno Tianna , Glazer Yael , Callison Coy , Mace Robert , Miller Valerie , Bare Ryan , Sanchez Flores Rosario , Seefeldt Jonathan , Fuller Amanda , Niyogi Dev
Published: October 2024

Environmental justice and sustainability have both become major concerns for water resource management, particularly with recent federal emphasis on environmental justice under the Biden administration in the United States. Texas, like many U.S. states, lags behind the federal government in this emphasis. While many localities have made progress in some respects—for example, some major Texas municipalities have included equity and sustainability metrics in their recent climate action plans—others have not. This has left a patchwork of persistent water management and availability issues that are exacerbated by extreme weather and worsening impacts of climate change. We provide a review of many of Texas’s water equity and sustainability challenges, both now and in a more extreme climate future. These include water access, affordability, contamination, flooding, drought, and aging infrastructure. For example, many Texas counties rank highest in the nation for flood risk, including coastal counties with high populations of disadvantaged communities and counties containing populations that live in persistent poverty in the Lower Rio Grande Valley. Additionally, approximately 44,000 Texans, or about 0.4% of the state population, lack access to complete plumbing facilities in their homes. The costs of water infrastructure leaks (estimated at about 51 gallons of water per day statewide) are shared across customers of all income levels, though they place a disproportionate burden on low-income customers. We then assess existing statewide and local policy and planning efforts and gaps in addressing these concerns in Texas. We focus particularly on the role of efforts to incorporate community voice—the ideas, concerns, needs, and expertise of impacted community members, dismantle causes of injustice, and improve equity in spending. If communities are not intentional with future development, new water infrastructure could continue to perpetuate existing harms. Thus, we provide a research agenda and recommendations for addressing some of the policy and planning gaps and persistent environmental justice issues. We aim to help water managers and policy makers identify and dismantle sources of inequity, particularly through including community voice.
Topological data analysis of monopole current networks in $U(1)$ lattice gauge theory
Authors: Crean Xavier , Giansiracusa Jeffrey , Lucini Biagio
Published: October 2024

In 44-dimensional pure compact U(1)U(1) lattice gauge theory, we analyse topological aspects of the dynamics of monopoles across the deconfinement phase transition. We do this using tools from Topological Data Analysis (TDA). We demonstrate that observables constructed from the zeroth and first homology groups of monopole current networks may be used to quantitatively and robustly locate the critical inverse coupling \beta_{c}βc through finite-size scaling. Our method provides a mathematically robust framework for the characterisation of topological invariants related to monopole currents, putting on firmer ground earlier investigations. Moreover, our approach can be generalised to the study of Abelian monopoles in non-Abelian gauge theories.
Engineered Josephson diode effect in kinked Rashba nanochannels
Authors: Maiellaro Alfonso , Trama Mattia , Settino Jacopo , Guarcello Claudio , Romeo Francesco , Citro Roberta
Published: October 2024

The superconducting diode effect, reminiscent of the unidirectional charge transport in semiconductor diodes, is characterized by a nonreciprocal, dissipationless flow of Cooper pairs. This remarkable phenomenon arises from the interplay between symmetry constraints and the inherent quantum behavior of superconductors. Here, we explore the geometric control of the diode effect in a kinked nanostrip Josephson junction based on a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEGs) with Rashba spin-orbit interaction. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the diode effect as a function of the kink angle and the out-of-plane magnetic field. Our analysis reveals a rich phase diagram, showcasing a geometry and field-controlled diode effect. The phase diagram also reveals the presence of an anomalous Josephson effect related to the emergence of trivial zero-energy Andreev bound states, which can evolve into Majorana bound states. Our findings indicate that the exceptional synergy between geometric control of the diode effect and topological phases can be effectively leveraged to design and optimize superconducting devices with tailored transport properties.
Unveiling Visual Physiology and Steady-State Evoked Potentials using Low-Cost and Transferable Electroencephalography for Evaluating Neuronal Activation
Authors: Henao Isaza Verónica , Cadavid Castro Valeria , Salas Villa Eliana , Gonzalez Cuartas Santiago , Ochoa John Fredy
Published: October 2024

Purpose: The ability to see and process images depends on the function of the eyes and the processing of visual information by neurons in the cerebral cortex, something that could be measured through electroencephalography (EEG). Although the EEG is used to evaluate visual pathways in children and demyelination diseases, the limited utilization of brain recording techniques in other applications like therapy is primarily due to budget constraints. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate results from studying brain aspects of vision, utilizing measurements based on oscillatory activity analysis, low-cost, portable equipment, and a processing pipeline relying on Python’s open-source libraries. These studies involve healthy subjects who wear glasses to assess changes in visual perception.
Methods: First, electroencephalographic signals were recorded while the subjects observed a visually standardized stimulus. The signals were processed and filtered to reduce artifacts, and the power spectral density (PSD) was calculated to observe the presence of steady-state visual potentials (VEP) to confirm the capture of neuronal activation to the visual stimulus. Results: It was possible to establish a difference between subjects wearing and not wearing their glasses, allowing validation that the information acquired with the transferable equipment is adequate for the analysis of neuronal activity related to visual processing, opening the possibility to be used in future studies in therapy.
Conclusion: This study contributes to the development of cost-effective and portable EEG solutions for visual system analysis. It demonstrates the potential for applying transferable EEG devices in clinical settings and highlights the importance of tailored visual stimuli for reliable neural activation.
Impact of international accounting standards on Hungary’s financial transparency
Authors: Ramadan Abdulhadi , Morshed Amer
Published: October 2024

Acceptance and implementation of international financial reporting standards ensure a wider scope for financial transparency, accountability, and comparability on a global scale. Against this backdrop, this study looks at the implications of these standards on Hungary’s financial transparency by evaluating panel data from 716 private companies over the period 2013–2023. The Hausman test results suggest that Fixed and Random Effects models should be used.The analysis indicates that, on average, the sampled companies have improved financial transparency by 75%. Key determinants include standard adoption (0.025 coefficient, t = 8.333, p < 0.001), cost of implementation (2.400 coefficient, t = 24.000, p < 0.001), investor confidence (0.035 coefficient, t = 11.667, p < 0.001), and legislative changes (2.450 coefficient, t = 24.500, p < 0.001). Moreover, it is possible to obtain significant positive effects on the centered variables for implementation costs (coefficient = 2.498, p < 0.001) and government efficiency (coefficient = 0.036, p < 0.001).These results demonstrate a positive effect, which is significantly created by adopting these standards on financial transparency. They underline increased investor confidence and government efficiency as drivers of these improvements. Applying these standards in Hungary’s financial reporting system is classified as a strategic tool to foster economic stability and attract foreign investment, which ensures Hungary’s good standing in the global economy.
O SINDICATO E SEUS DELINEAMENTOS NO DIREITO DO TRABALHO
Authors: Reis João Emilio de Assis , Boer Leonardo Caetano
Published: October 2024

A legislação trabalhista brasileira no que se refere ao sindicalismo é fruto do desenvolvimento histórico, remontando ao Estado Novo até as atuais configurações do direito coletivo, temos uma gama de proteções sindicais e garantias na luta sindical, não obstante dissonância com o atual estágio do capitalismo. A estrutura sindical brasileira com suas vicissitudes e natureza jurídica singular é unica, e com qual forma apresenta-se o sindicato no sistema brasileiro, seus delineamentos, virtudes e defeitos. Assim como seus princípios basilares em exame.
A MIGRAÇÃO HAITIANA NO ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS: UM ESTUDO SOBRE POLÍTICAS DE EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA PARA IMIGRANTES HAITIANOS NO MUNICÍPIO DE CONTAGEM
Authors: Cruz Correa Marina Aparecida Pimenta da , Almeida Valquiria
Published: October 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir alguns pontos dos desdobramentos da imigração haitiana para o Brasil, debruçando-se sobre políticas de educação inclusiva para imigrantes haitianos no Município de Contagem, cidade da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, analisando especialmente o “Projeto Escola sem Fronteiras”, visando compreender suas ações, alcance e impactos na condição dos imigrantes haitianos no município, articulando esse conhecimento com o contexto geral conhecido quanto a condição da imigração da população do Haiti no Brasil. A metodologia empregada é a de pesquisa bibliográfica, revisão da literatura e estudo de caso. Esta reflexão estabelece uma relação de diálogos teóricos com alguns autores a partir de abordagens que contemplam a nossa discussão.
Antioxidant Activity of Brown Algae CO2 Extracts and Lipid Stability
Authors: Tabakaev Anton , Tabakaeva Oksana
Published: October 2024

Vegetable oils are susceptible to oxidation during storage, which is a serious problem for shelf-life and food safety. The article describes the antioxidant properties of supercritical extracts from brown algae (Undaria pinnatifida and Costaria costata), Russian Far East. It also explains their prospects as stabilizers that preserve the quality and safety of vegetable oils by affecting the kinetics of oxidation and hydrolysis.
The study featured supercritical extracts of marine brown algae Undaria pinnatifida and Costaria costata from Russian Far East. The methods involved spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography.
Supercritical extracts of marine brown algae proved to be reliable sources of bioactive substances, e.g., phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and mannitol. They also possessed antioxidant properties in terms of antiradical activity, hydroxyl ion binding, superoxide radical absorption, and Fe+2 chelating. The experiments revealed nine phenolic compounds responsible for antioxidant properties. The supercritical extract of Costaria costata demonstrated a greater antioxidant effect on lipid oxidation in vegetable oils than Undaria pinnatifida. Both algae proved effective in stabilizing hydrolysis and were able to increase the shelf-life of soy and sunflower oils by three months.
Supercritical extracts of Undaria pinnatifida and Costaria costata served as antioxidants to stabilize lipid oxidation in refined and unrefined soy and sunflower oils. The research revealed high approximation coefficients for regression equations describing the patterns of changes in the peroxide and acid numbers of vegetable oils stabilized with supercritical extracts of these marine brown algae.
Voz de Elias James Manning
Authors: Da Silva Dias Martini Jonas Thobias
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo tem como tema o efeito da voz sobre o discurso, partindo do caso de D. Elias James Manning, OFM Conv., (1938-2019), bispo da Diocese de Valença-RJ entre 1990 e 2014. Ele visa abarcar a possibilidade da presença da voz mesmo quando sua substância ausente repercute na mensagem, trabalhando um dado por vezes negligenciado nos estudos da linguagem. Sob o aporte filosófico e fenomenológico da voz, este texto de caráter ensaístico chega a recolocar o questionamento da voz como elemento não apenas integrante da comunicação, mas também transformador na vida do espírito.
Família, Religiosidade e Arte: A Igreja Matriz de Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Vassouras
Authors: Monteiro Angelo Ferreira
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo busca apresentar as práticas de religiosidade na Irmandade de Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Vassouras, entre festas da padroeira, novenas, ladainhas, os batizados, casamentos e no momento da morte, todas estas relações sociais envolvidas dentro do templo da Igreja Matriz de Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Vassouras, apresentando a arte religiosa dedicada a despertar o contato com o transcendente. Como metodologia aplicaremos a revisão de literatura e o uso de fontes primárias e jornalísticas para a construção desta pesquisa. Ao longo de seus quase 200 anos de existência, este histórico templo religioso passou a ser utilizado também para atividades culturais e de turismo. Após a organização das peças de arte sacra em uma exposição em 1978 pelo I Seminário de História do Vale do Paraíba fluminense, foi criada em 2014 uma comissão para organizar a sala de arte sacra no antigo consistório, além da restauração de todas as imagens do seu acervo. Anos mais tarde, foi criado o corredor cultural em direção à Sacristia para divulgar a história de personalidades que contribuíram para a construção e manutenção desta igreja. No início do século XXI o espaço passou a ser utilizado anualmente no mês de julho, para apresentações musicais durante as edições do Festival Vale do Café.
Papel do Anticorpo PLA2R no diagnóstico da Nefropatia Membranosa: Uma Revisão de Literatura
Authors: Conde Ferreira Murilo , Mitsuo Mituiassu Alexandre
Published: October 2024

A nefropatia membranosa é uma das causas importantes de síndrome nefrótica em adultos, sua gênese está relacionada a anticorpos contra receptores PLA2R encontrados na membrana basal glomerular. Os anticorpos Anti-PLA2R são identificados em aproximadamente 70 a 80% dos pacientes com nefropatia membranosa primária. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a aplicação do teste sorológico, utilizando o anticorpo PLA2R para o diagnóstico de nefropatia membranosa em pacientes em investigação e que necessitariam de biópsia. Foi realizada revisão integrativa de literatura de artigos científicos publicados nos anos de 2017 a 2023, disponíveis nas bases de dados da PubMed, BVS e DOAJ. A pesquisa resultou em 434 artigos e que após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram identificados 15 estudos relevantes para esta revisão. Foi identificado predomínio do sexo masculino, acometendo de crianças a adultos. A positividade do anticorpo PLA2R variou de 17,06% a 94,06%, enquanto a negatividade resultou em um intervalo entre 5,94% a 82,94%, além de alterações na creatinina e na taxa de filtração glomerular desses pacientes. Constatou-se desafios para adoção da dosagem de PLA2R como método diagnóstico definitivo perpassando por dificuldades, como consenso em valores de referência, tempo de soroconversão e o crescente número de novos anticorpos relacionados a nefropatia membranosa. Assim, a biópsia ainda se mantem como padrão ouro no diagnóstico da nefropatia membranosa, de modo que, a dosagem de PLA2R é adequada, por ora, somente a pacientes com contraindicação a biópsia.
Niraparib Enhances and Synergizes with Ganglioside GD2 to Potentiate its Inhibitory Effect on Bladder Cancer Cells
Authors: Lu Shan , Gao Xiaojia , Li Xin , Zhao Hongchao , Lu Hongda
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

This study aimed to study the inhibitory effect of niraparib alone or in combination
with GD2 specific antibody on Bladder Cancer (BCa).

Methods:

The migration ability of BCa cells was assessed through a scratch assay. CCK-8 assay
was performed to evaluate the viability of BCa cells, and Transwell invasion assays were utilized
to examine invasive capacity. The expression levels of E-cadherin and vimentin in BCa cells
were measured using QRT-PCR.

Results:

Western blot showed the EMT level to be the lowest in the niraparib+GD2 group. The
transwell invasion assay suggested that the invasion ability of BCa cells was weakened in the niraparib+
GD2 group. CCK8 assay indicated that the proliferation ability of BCa cells was decreased.
Scratch test suggested that the migration ability of BCa cells was weakened. PCR result
showed that the niraparib + GD2 group had the most significant inhibitory effect on mRNA expression
of EMT markers.

Conclusion:

Niraparib combined with a GD2-specific antibody exerted a more prominent inhibitory
effect on BCa.

other:

N/A
Unravelling Prokaryotic Codon Usage: Insights from Phylogeny, Influencing Factors and Pathogenicity
Authors: Dahal Ujwal , Bansal Anu
Published: October 2024

Analyzing prokaryotic codon usage trends has become a crucial topic of study with significant
ramifications for comprehending microbial genetics, classification, evolution, and the control
of gene expression. This review study explores the numerous facets of prokaryotic codon usage
patterns, looking at different parameters like habitat and lifestyle across broad groups of
prokaryotes by emphasizing the role of codon reprogramming in adaptive strategies and its integration
into systems biology. We also explored the numerous variables driving codon usage bias, including
natural selection, mutation, horizontal gene transfer, codon-anticodon interaction, and genomic
composition in prokaryotes through a thorough study of current literature. Furthermore, a
special session on codon usage on pathogenic prokaryotes and the role of codon usage in the phylogeny
of prokaryotes has been discussed. We also looked at the various software and indices that
have been recently applied to prokaryotic genomes. The promising directions that lay ahead to
map the future of codon usage research on prokaryotes have been emphasized. Codon usage variations
across prokaryotic communities could be better understood by combining environmental, metagenomic,
and system biology approaches.
Novel Quinoline Nitrate Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of their Anticancer Activity with a Focus on Molecular Docking and NO Release
Authors: Thanneeru Venkata Sowjanya , Panigrahi Naresh
Published: October 2024

Background:

Nitric Oxide (NO) has recently gained recognition as a promising approach
in the field of cancer therapy. The quinoline scaffold is pivotal in cancer drug research and is known
for its versatility and diverse mechanisms of action.

Objective:

This study presents the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of novel quinoline nitrate
derivatives as potential anticancer agents.

Methods:

The compounds were synthesized through a multi-step process involving the preparation
of substituted 1-(2-aminophenyl) ethan-1-one, followed by the synthesis of substituted 2-
(chloromethyl)-3,4-dimethylquinolines, and finally, the formation of substituted (3,4-
dimethylquinolin-2-yl) methyl nitrate derivatives. The synthesized compounds were characterized
using various spectroscopic techniques. Molecular docking studies were conducted to assess the
binding affinity of the compounds to the EGFR tyrosine kinase domain.

Results:

The docking scores revealed varying degrees of binding affinity, with compound 6k exhibiting
the highest score. The results suggested a correlation between molecular docking scores and anticancer
activity. Further evaluations included MTT assays to determine the cytotoxicity of the compounds
against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (A-549) and pancreatic cancer (PANC-1) cell lines.
Compounds with electron-donating groups displayed notable anticancer potential, and there was a
correlation between NO release and anticancer activity. The study also investigated nitric oxide release
from the compounds, revealing compound 6g as the highest NO releaser.

Conclusion:

The synthesized quinoline nitrate derivatives showed promising anticancer activity,
with compound 6g standing out as a potential lead compound. The correlation between molecular
docking, NO release, and anticancer activity suggests the importance of specific structural features in
the design of effective anticancer agents.
Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Slow Coagulation Transscleral versus Micropulse Cyclophotocoagulation in Refractory Glaucoma
Authors: Gustianty Elsa , Rahayu Annisa , Knoch Andrew Maximilian Herman , Rifada R. Maula , Umbara Sonie
Published: October 2024

Background

Cyclodestructive laser technology has been developed with the aim of achieving a greater reduction in Intraocular Pressure (IOP) with minimal complication. Micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (MP-TSCPC) and slow-coagulation continuous-wave transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (SC-TSCPC) are considered to have less complications than conventional techniques using continuous-wave transscleral cyclophotocoagulation.

Purpose

To compare IOP reduction and complications in refractory glaucoma after SC-TSCPC and MP-TSCPC procedures.

Methods

This study is a prospective interventional study in refractory glaucoma patients. Measurement of IOP using Goldmann applanation tonometry was performed preoperatively, and all patients were monitored at days 1, 7, and 30 in the postoperative period. Success was defined as postoperative IOP reduction of > 20% from baseline with or without glaucoma medication. Complications were identified by evaluating subjective complaints and slit lamp examination.

Results

The study included a total of 66 eyes, with 33 eyes in each group. Baseline IOP was 50.58 ± 9.937 mmHg and 48.45 ± 12.792 mmHg in SC-TSCPC and MP-TSCPC group, respectively. The mean IOP reduction was 27.44 ± 19.96% vs 14.39 ± 23.52% (p=0.018) in day 1, 46.19 ± 27, 7 3% vs 45.83 ± 24,80% (p=0,956) in day 7 and 46.49 ± 24.63% vs 27.09 ± 23.86% in day 30 (p=0.002), in SC-TSCPC and MP-TSCPC group respectively. Complications between groups were not significantly different. However, hypotonia (IOP < 6 mmHg) was found in the SC-TSCPC group.

Conclusion

SC-TSCPC showed greater IOP reduction than MP-TSCPC, with no significant differences in complications between the two groups.
Research Progress on the Formation of C-C Bonds through Photoinduced Cross-coupling Reactions Involving Katritzky Salts
Authors: Li Qinghan , Han Yaning , Pu Jiaxia , Jia Xiaoying , Han Lirong , Hou Jinsong , Wei Liuxian , Ma Wanchao
Published: October 2024

In recent years, photochemical organic conversion promoted by visible light has attracted
the interest of many organic chemists. Compared with the traditional methods, visible
light as the photocatalytic oxidation of renewable energy has been proved to be a mild and powerful
tool that can promote the activation of organic molecules through the single electron
transfer (SET) process. Katritzky salt has been widely used in organic synthesis and drug preparation
due to its convenient synthesis, easy availability of raw materials and high stability. These
large Katritzky salts derived from amines can easily generate carbon radicals and conduct various
organic conversion reactions. At present, this research has become an important research field
of organic synthesis. This paper reviews the research results of coupling reactions of Carbon-
Carbon bond formation involving visible light promoted Katritzky salts since 2020, and discusses
representative examples and reaction mechanisms.
HLA Genetic Variants in COVID-19 Susceptibility: Assessing Diversity in Indian and Global Populations
Authors: Raju Kamaraj
Published: October 2024

Background:

The rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has had a global impact on various
ethnic groups. In order to assess the genetic predisposition of the Indian population towards
COVID-19, a comparative analysis was conducted using the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) to
investigate the frequencies of polymorphisms directly or potentially associated with COVID-19 susceptibility,
severity, immune response, and fatal outcomes in comparison to other major populations.

Objectives:

The objective of this study is to evaluate the genetic predisposition of the Indian population
to COVID-19 by analyzing the frequencies and associations of Human Leukocyte Antigen
(HLA) polymorphisms. In addition, by delineating the role of specific HLA variants in the Indian
context, the study seeks to enhance our understanding of genetic factors influencing COVID-19 impact
and contribute to personalized approaches for disease management and prevention across diverse
ethnic groups. Methods: We collected allelic information for DRB1 gene from 653 populations
globally, as documented in The Allele Frequency Net Database (AFND). Data on COVID-19
susceptibility, severity, mortality, and protective factors were obtained from a previous global study.
This study aimed to compare the specific frequencies of HLA-DRB1* in different ethnic groups,
including other Indian populations with COVID-19-associated alleles and protective factors.

Results:

HLA-DRB1*01 was identified as a significant determinant of COVID-19 susceptibility
among patients in 28 states of Mexico, whereas DRB1*08 in Saudi Arabian populations,
DRB1*09:01 in Japanese populations, and DRB1*15:01 in Italian populations also showed this association.
Likewise, DRB1*04 in the Iranian population played a role in disease severity, and
DRB1*08 in the Italian population was associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients. In addition,
alleles DRB1*01:01 and DRB1*04:01 were found to exhibit a protective role in Northeast England,
whereas DRB1*04 demonstrated protective effects in Saudi Arabian populations.

Conclusion:

The involvement of HLA in COVID-19 requires further investigation, and epidemiological
studies should focus on HLA profiles as determinants of the host immune system. Prolonged
homozygosity in particular genomic regions could potentially increase susceptibility to COVID-19
infection. Therefore, prudent management strategies are recommended for this pandemic in isolated
communities in India and worldwide.
A A new species of Graffenrieda (Melastomataceae) from the northern Andes, Caquetá, Colombia, and a key for the Graffenrieda group with calyptrate flowers
Authors: Mendoza-Cifuentes Humberto , Trujillo Trujillo Edwin
Published: October 2024

Background and Aims: Graffenrieda is a Neotropical genus with more than 70 species, mainly distributed in the Guiana Shield and the Andes. This work describes a new species of Graffenrieda and provides a key to identify all species with calyptrate flowers in the genus.Methods: The description of this new species was made from collections deposited in the Colombian herbaria JBB and COAH. Measurements of vegetative parts and inflorescence were made from dried material, while floral structures and fruits were measured from fresh material preserved in alcohol. Their conservation status was assessed according to IUCN guidelines. A key for the recognition of all species of the genus with calyptrate flowers, including the new species and Centronia species to be transferred to Graffenrieda is also provided here, for which lists of species in Neotropical countries, collection databases, and literature on both genera were consulted.Key results: Graffenrieda cardenasii sp. nov. is endemic to the southern Cordillera Oriental of Colombia and is characterized by its indumentum of irregular lepidote trichomes on the vegetative parts, leaves with incomplete lateral anisophylly, leafy bracteoles as large as the flower buds, 5-merous flowers, calyptrate calyx and 2-locular ovary. It is categorized as Endangered in view of its endemicity and habitat specificity. A key is provided for 30 species of the genus Graffenrieda that share the character of calyptrate flowers.Conclusions: This species is named in honor of the Colombian botanist Dairon Cárdenas López, a great collector and connoisseur of the Colombian Amazonian flora. It is so far known only from the type localities. The key to the species with calyptrate flowers included in this article allows 43% of the species in the genus Graffenrieda to be recognized, including four Centronia species.
RUMAH GADANG: CONTEXTUAL MATHEMATICS IN A SOCIO-CULTURAL CONTEXT FOR NUMERACY ASSESSMENT
Authors: Usman Zea Zisman , Rahman Hadi Nur
Published: October 2024

Numeracy is an important competency that is measured by Asesmen Kompetensi Minimum (AKM/Minimum Competency Assessment). To improve student numeracy, innovation is needed in learning mathematics, one of which is by using Ethnomathematics. The cultural object that becomes the benchmark is     Rumah Gadang. Before producing effective and efficient models, devices, and learning methods based on the ethnomathematics of Rumah Gadang oriented to student numeracy, it is necessary to conduct a study first, so this research aims to conduct a literature review related to numeracy in the Rumah Gadang. The data collection method is a literature study, where the data is analyzed through three stages, namely Data Reduction, Data Presentation and Verification. Based on this research, it was found that the results of the researchers' contextual exploration of Rumah Gadang can be associated with 4 domains of mathematics material, namely numbers, geometry and measurement, algebra and data and uncertainty. Therefore, Rumah Gadang can be used as a learning material that is quite varied in terms of contextual in ethnomathematics-based mathematics learning, especially in terms of writing socio-cultural context questions in a numeracy assessment.
DIVERSED ETHNOMATHEMATICS EXPLORATIONS OF BATAK CULTURES IN NORTH SUMATERA
Authors: Br Ginting Siti Salamah , Simanjorang Mangaratua , Gultom Syawal
Published: October 2024

The Batak ethnic group has cultural diversity and is rich in the values of each culture, both in the products and processes, and cultural philosophies. The Batak ethnicity is divided into several sub-ethnicities, including Toba Batak, Karo Batak, Mandailing Batak, and Simalungun Batak. The distinctive characteristics of each ethnicity can be used as material for research by researchers to explore the elements of that culture. In the field of mathematics, culture can also be used as an object of study. The research method used in the present study is the systematic literature review (SLR) which is aimed at identifying, studying, evaluating, and interpreting research results by the topics being studied so that it will answer the research questions that have been determined. The results can be seen that the Batak ethnic cultural components have mathematical concepts in them such as, among others,  livelihood characters, traditional houses, traditional musical instruments, traditional foods, ulos cloth and ornaments. traditional dances, and traditional clothing. The mathematical concepts that are obtained from the exploration of Batak ethnic cultures include the concepts of lines, angles, congruence, spatial geometry, flat geometric shapes, spatial geometric shapes, geometric transformations, arithmetic sequences, and numbers. These diverse themes indicate that mathematics is our culture.
EXPLORING JEPARA WOODCARVING ART AS AN ALTERNATIVE FOR CULTURE-BASED MATHEMATICS LEARNING
Authors: Utami Rahmi Nur Fitria , Muhtadi Dedi , Solihah Silvi
Published: October 2024

(Abtract is being proofread)
EFEKTIVITAS Hydrocharis laevigata SEBAGAI FITOREMEDIASI AIR LINDI TPA BANYUROTO KABUPATEN KULON PROGO
Authors: Putri Sindy Syah
Published: October 2024

Penelitian tentang fitoremediasi ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk: (1) Mengetahui efektivitas fitoremediasi tanaman amazon frogbit (Hydrocharis laevigata) pada variasi konsentrasi air lindi TPA Banyuroto terhadap penurunan kadar BOD, COD, TSS, pH, N total, dan kadmium. (2) Mengetahui performa tanaman amazon frogbit pada variasi konsentrasi air lindi TPA Banyuroto ditinjau dari jumlah daun dan berat basah tanaman.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan variasi konsentrasi air lindi serta rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Penelitian ini meneliti pengaruh fitoremediasi pada tingkat konsentrasi air lindi (10%, 20%, 30%) terhadap kualitasnya selama 14 hari. Air lindi diambil dari inlet dan outlet bak pengelolaan air lindi. Kualitas air diuji sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan untuk seluruh parameter. Efektivitas fitoremediasi dihitung dengan rumus efektivitas dan performa tanaman yang meliputi jumlah daun dan berat tanaman amazon frogbit dianalisis statistik menggunakan uji One Way ANOVA untuk melihat perbedaan kualitas air sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan.Tanaman amazon frogbit menunjukkan potensi yang menjanjikan untuk fitoremediasi air lindi TPA, yang secara efektif mengurangi polutan pada konsentrasi air lindi 10%. Kemampuan adaptasi tanaman terhadap lindi, terbukti dengan tidak adanya perubahan signifikan pada jumlah atau berat daun, membuatnya menjadi kandidat yang cocok untuk aplikasi pengelolaan lindi.
Identifikasi udang air tawar famili atyidae dari sungai papasong, parigi moutong, sulawesi tengah
Authors: Armandani Dina Alifia , Munawaroh Eni Amalia , Zamroni Yuliadi , A Annawaty
Published: October 2024

Sulawesi merupakan salah satu pulau dengan keanekaragaman spesies udang air tawar yang tinggi, terutama dari famili Atyidae. Salah satu wilayah distribusi udang air tawar di Sulawesi adalah Sungai Papasong, Parigi Moutong. Penelitian ini bertujuan menyediakan kunci identifikasi spesies udang air tawar dari famili Atyidae yang disertai gambar karakter dari masing-masing spesies. Sampel pada penelitian ini dikoleksi menggunakan tray net pada tahun 2021. Enam spesies yang ditemukan meliputi Atyoida pilipes, Caridina brevicarpalis, C. celebensis, C. gracilipes, C. villadolidi, dan C. weberi. Mayoritas habitat genus Caridina ditemukan pada bagian hilir sungai dengan arus rendah hingga sedang, sedangkan genus Atyoida ditemukan pada bagian hulu sungai dengan arus deras.
DETERMINATION OF TOTAL PHENOLICS AND FLAVONOIDS CONTENT AND TEST OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF MANGO LEAVES HONEY CULTIVAR (Mangifera indica L. CV. HONEY)
Authors: Fachriyah Enny , Ismiyarto Ismiyarto , Sarjono Purbowatiningrum Ria
Published: October 2024

PENENTUAN TOTAL FENOLIK DAN FLAVONOID SERTA UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DARI DAUN MANGGA KULTIVAR MADU (Mangifera indica L. CV. MADU) Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan metabolit sekunder, total fenolik dan flavonoid serta aktivitas antioksidan fraksi etil asetat dan etanol daun mangga kultivar madu. Penelitian diawali determinasi tanaman, preparasi sampel, skrining fitokimia, maserasi dengan etanol 96% dilanjutkan partisi bertingkat menggunakan n-heksana dan etil asetat. Skrining fitokimia dilakukan pada ekstrak dan fraksi yang diperoleh. Fraksi yang diperoleh ditentukan total fenolik dengan metode Folin-Ciocalteu, total flavonoid dengan metode kolorimetri AlCl3. Aktivitas antioksidan ditentukan dengan metode DPPH. Hasil determinasi tanaman dapat dipastikan sampel adalah Mangifera indica L. kultivar madu, positif mengandung senyawa flavonoid, fenolik, saponin, kuinon, steroid dan triterpenoid. Rendemen fraksi etil asetat dan fraksi etanol berturut-turut sebesar  6,19% dan 5,19%. Kadar total fenolik fraksi etil asetat daun mangga kultivar madu berturut-turut sebesar 423,7 ± 3,68 mg GAE/g dan 48,2 ± 0,139 mg QE/g. Kadar total flavonoid fraksi etanol berturut-turut sebesar 132,35 ± 1,95 mg GAE/g dan 27,72 mg QE/g. Nilai IC50 fraksi etil asetat dan fraksi etanol berturut-turut sebesar 17,83 ppm dan 79,73 ppm. Daun mangga kultivar madu dapat berperan sebagai agen antioksidan dengan kategori kuat pada fraksi etanol dan sangat kuat pada fraksi etil asetat.
KARAKTERISTIK TELUR CALON RATU Heterotrigona itama PADA KOLONI BUDIDAYA DI HUTAN ADAT IMBO PUTUI, KAMPAR
Authors: Maroza Afifah
Published: October 2024

Telur calon ratu merupakan salah satu hal yang perlu diperhatikan untuk memperluas dan menjaga keberlanjutan koloni lebah tanpa sengat. Telur calon ratu memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda dengan telur pejantan atau telur pekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui posisi, warna, bentuk dan ukuran telur calon ratu  H. itama. Pengamatan dilakukan pada 4 kotak yang dipilih secara purposive sampling dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa posisi telur calon ratu H.itama berada pada bagian tengah-tengah sarang yang merupakan area paling terlindungi dan biasanya memiliki kondisi yang stabil serta memudahkan lebah pekerja untuk memberikan perawatan yang lebih baik seperti pemberian makanan. Telur calon H.itama berbentu oval dan berwarna krem untuk lapisan bagian atas sedangkan pada lapisan bagian bawah berwarna coklat muda. Telur calon ratu H.itama memiliki ukuran yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan telur calon pekerja atau pejantan. Ukuran rata-rata panjang telur calon ratu yang diamati yaitu 0,8 cm dan memiliki lebar rata-rata berkisar antara 0,5 cm - 0,6 cm.
LAND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) FOR SUSTAINABLE LAND DEVELOPMENT IN JELI, KELANTAN, MALAYSIA
Authors: Muhamad Nor Amal Najihah , Abas Muhamad Azahar , Arumugam Jawagar , Yusoh Mohamad Pirdaus , Abdul Latip Normah
Published: October 2024

Three (3) satellite images (2004, 2014, and 2022) were processed and analysed using a Geographic Information System (GIS) to obtain the land use types. The land suitability parameters were chosen based on population density and landscape factors such as slope, land use, elevation, and distance from rivers. The weights of each evaluation factor were determined using Analytical Hierarchical Analysis (AHP). Additionally, weighted overlay analysis, available in ArcGIS 10.8 software, was used to integrate all the parameters. This study found that Jeli’s build-up area increased from 1.9% in 2004 to 24.5% in 2022. The suitability map for Jeli’s land development has been reclassified into three (3) highly suitable categories (42.43%), moderately suitable (53.32%), and highly not suitable (4.25%). The area of land suitability for land use increases along with the population density. The findings of this study will help policymakers develop better strategic urban expansion policies.