bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visualization and measurement of turbulent flow inside a SEN and off the ports
Authors: Real-Ramirez Cesar Augusto , Carvajal-Mariscal Ignacio , Sanchez-Silva Florencio , Cervantes-de la Torre Francisco , Miranda-Tello Jose Raul , Gabbasov Ruslan , Gonzalez-Trejo Jesus Isidro
Published: June 2021

This work describes a visualization technique that allows to register and analyze flow inside a Submerged Entry Nozzle (SEN) model. The internal flow has a swirling pattern that produces characteristic flow conditions that can be used in efficiently supplying liquid steel from the tundish to the mold in the continuous casting process. The visualization method is a first step in analyzing the characteristics of the internal flow and hence in designing new SENs. A LED light source is employed to illuminate the SEN which reduces the reflections in the images. To enhance visualizations and measurements, a transparent cell consisting of a cubic volume with reduced dimensions was used to capture images from the high-speed camera and to record the flow pattern within the SEN. The SEN model consists of a vertical, constant diameter tube with two rounded exit ports located at the bottom with a downward angle of 15° each. The working fluid is water and reaches Re=10,000 within the cell. We also use the laser illuminated Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) to calculate the velocity of fluid within the SEN and close to the exit ports. We confirm previously reported formation of three vortexes that interact with each other altering the swirl motion of the exit flow. Experimental results were compared with numerical simulations. The comparisons contribute to the validation of findings of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) results. Qualitative and quantitative similarities were found. Both physical and numerical results display a high turbulent flow behavior at the lower zone of the SEN. Experimental and numerical methods may be used together as a development method to measure and evaluate the characteristics of the flow behavior inside and outside the SEN model in order to design a better SEN to increase the quality of the steel slab.
Avaliação de risco agudo em peixes frente ao uso de produtos a base de Glifosato utilizando a ferramenta Pesticide in Water Calculator (PWC) para estimativa de exposição em um cenário brasileiro
Authors:   , Oliveira Thamires Sá de
Published: June 2021

O atual processo de registro de agrotóxicos no Brasil baseia-se, predominantemente, na classificação dos produtos em grau de periculosidade para o meio ambiente, sem considerar a exposição e o risco. Este cenário tem apresentado mudanças entre os órgãos reguladores e discussões acerca de modelos de avaliação de risco a serem implementadas no país já vem sendo realizada. A primeira avaliação de risco ambiental implementada no Brasil foi para polinizadores em 2017, tornando-se obrigatória a condução pelas empresas registrantes. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar e caracterizar o risco agudo do uso de produtos a base do herbicida glifosato em peixes nativos e exóticos utilizando como ferramenta de cálculo da exposição o modelo PWC do EPA (Agência de Proteção Ambiental Americana), em dois cenários, sendo um padrão e outro parametrizado para as condições brasileiras. Foram coletados em literatura dados de parâmetros essenciais para a construção de um cenário que reflita as condições brasileiras.
Tecnologias em Controle Biológico: um estudo a partir da produção paulista de borracha natural
Authors:   , Carvalho Yuzen Marin Kunisawa
Published: June 2021

A heveicultura no Brasil apresenta produção em constante expansão, com sua maior parte concentrada no Estado de São Paulo. Mesmo com a crescente expansão da produção, a demanda do país também cresce e supera o aumento progressivo da produção de borracha natural. Dessa forma, atualmente, a balança comercial possui valores deficitários com predomínio das importações dos principais países produtores, localizados na Ásia. O Brasil foi o maior produtor mundial de borracha natural utilizando o sistema extrativista. Porém após o domínio asiático, a produção e comercialização fomentada por políticas públicas passaram a ser trabalhadas em sistema de produção agrícola. Além da mudança do sistema de produção, o processo de vulcanização e a qualidade da borracha natural em relação à sintética motivaram os crescentes avanços técnico-científicos, inclusive os alinhados ao conteúdo fitossanitário.
Cognitive disorders in patients after cardiac surgery
Authors: Belinskyi A. V. , Rasputina L. V. , Mostovoy Y. M. , Mostova O. P. , Danilevych T. D.
Published: June 2021

The occurrence of cognitive disorders is a common problem after surgery. The degree of worsening of cognitive functions after surgery and anesthesia has a significant impact on the patient's health and is significantly associated with prolonged recovery in the hospital, increased morbidity and delayed functional recovery. The aim of the study was to increase the effectiveness of the diagnosis of moderate cognitive impairment and to determine its gender and age characteristics in patients before and after cardiac surgery in the early postoperative period (3 and 7 days). We examined 56 patients who underwent cardiac surgery for coronary heart disease in 37 (66.1 %) and valvular heart defects in 19 (33.9 %) patients. Assessment of cognitive functions was performed before surgery, on the 3rd and 7th day of the postoperative period. Testing was performed using the Montreal Cognitive Test. Statistical processing of the obtained data was performed on a personal computer using the statistical software package SPSS 12.0 for Windows using parametric and non-parametric methods. It was found that presence of cognitive disorders before surgery was registered in 37 (66.1 %) patients, mostly among the age of group of 60-74 years and had no gender difference. It was found that in the early postoperative period there is a significant worsening of cognitive functions in patients after cardiac surgery on 3rd day – in 45 (80.4 %), on 7th day – in 44 (78.6 %) patients, respectively.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of a proposed approach to treat infertility against the background of uterine leiomyoma, which includes treatment with a releasing hormone agonist, hysteroresectoscopy or conservative myomectomy, and pre-pregnancy treatment
Authors: Khmil S. V. , Drozdovska Yu. B.
Published: June 2021

There is much discussion about the effect of uterine leiomyomas on the outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of in vitro fertilization following the use of a therapy scheme we propose to treat infertility with the background of uterine leiomyoma. The therapy scheme includes the use of a releasing hormone agonist, hysteroresectoscopy or conservative myomectomy and pre-pregnancy pre-treatment. The clinical study involved 175 women of reproductive age who had been diagnosed with uterine leiomyoma, and were divided into the groups as follows. The treatment group A included 137 women with uterine leiomyoma, and was further divided into subgroups. Subgroup A1 included 55 women with uterine leiomyoma after conservative myomectomy who underwent the proposed treatment scheme (TS); A2 included 45 women with uterine leiomyoma after hysteroresectoscopy who underwent the TS; A3 included 37 women with uterine leiomyoma who underwent the TS but not the surgical removal of uterine leiomyoma. Control group B included 38 women with uterine leiomyoma after conservative myomectomy. All patients with intramural and submucosal myoma nodules underwent a hormonal preparatory treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist (Diphereline 3.75 mg intramuscularly once every 28 days for 3 months) prior to the myomectomy. After the surgery, patients were prescribed a combination therapy with a vitamin complex FT 500 plus, vitamin D3 and Pelvidol for three months before and during controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) protocol up to the follicle puncture. We determined that the incidence of pregnancy was the lowest (37.8 %) in women with infertility against the background of uterine leiomyoma, who surgically treated for the myomas, but underwent pre-pregnancy pre-treatment. The frequency of pregnancy did not differ between the A1 and A2 treatment groups, and was on average 7.0 % higher than in the control group, and 11.0 % higher than in the A3 group. The relative incidence of clinical pregnancies was the highest in A1 (45.5 %) and A2 (44.4 %) treatment groups. The frequency of live births in the A1 group was significantly higher than in A3 group (by 14.0 %), while the relative number of term live births in the A1 group exceeded that of A3 group by 26.0 %. Thus, both proposed therapy schemes to treat infertility against the background of uterine leiomyoma, which include the use of a releasing hormone agonist, either a conservative myomectomy or hysteroresectoscopy and pre-pregnancy pre-treatment in addition to the ART protocol with a multi-vitamin complex with inositol, vitamin D3, alpha-lipoic acid and magnesium, had the equivalent effects on the incidence of clinical pregnancy, however the frequency of live births was highest after conservative myomectomy (84.0 %).
Evaluation of the effectiveness of early intervention methods in newborns who have suffered hypoxic-ischemic CNS damage
Authors: Halactionova I. V. , Iziumets O. I. , Korolova N. D. , Zhuk K. V. , Angelska V. Y.
Published: June 2021

Timely diagnosis of cerebral disorders both in the prenatal period and in the early neonatal period, as well as early rehabilitation treatment is the basis for the prevention of childhood disability. To this end, the so-called Early Intervention System is being introduced in Ukraine. The effectiveness of early intervention techniques directly depends on timely diagnosis and correctly chosen intervention tactics. Given the high neuroplasticity of the developing brain, it is advisable to start the elements of neurodevelopmental therapy from infancy. The aim of the work is to evaluate the effectiveness of methods of early intervention in children of the first 3 months of life who have suffered hypoxic-ischemic CNS damage in the neonatal period, by assessing the main indicators of psycho-motor development. 101 children who were treated in the neonatal pathology department due to hypoxic-ischemic CNS damage and did not have concomitant somatic pathology were examined. The children were in the ward for rehabilitation. To assess the effectiveness of comprehensive rehabilitation in young children, it is advisable to use adapted for Ukraine scale of Munich functional developmental diagnostics, which allows to assess the child's development in all major areas, its harmony and effectiveness of rehabilitation measures during the first 3 years of life. Statistical processing of the obtained results should be performed in the license package "Statistica 6.1 for Windows". Timely diagnosis of cerebral disorders both in the prenatal period and in the early neonatal period, as well as early rehabilitation treatment is the basis for the prevention of childhood disability. Given the high neuroplasticity of the developing brain, it is advisable to start the elements of neurodevelopmental therapy from infancy. The effectiveness of the methods recommended for use depends on timely diagnosis and correctly chosen intervention tactics. Assessment of the effectiveness of care for children at risk of deviant psychomotor development should be based on the application of the criteria and scales recommended by international expert groups, which are adapted in our country. Signs of full-fledged early intervention in the region are: perinatal diagnosis of congenital pathology, timely provision of medical and rehabilitation, social and special pedagogical services to children aged 0 to 3 years and their families. In order to achieve the set goals, in our opinion, the priority measures should be steps to implement the national protocol for care for children with perinatal CNS injuries, approval and implementation in Ukraine of the modern International Classification of Functioning, Life and Health Restrictions, providing medical care, rehabilitation and social services for young children.
Inhibidores del cotransportador de sodio - glucosa tipo 2
Authors: Acuña Núñez Irene María , Padilla Elizondo Daniela Sofía , Rojas Zúñiga Ana Guiselle
Published: June 2021

Los inhibidores del cotransportador de sodio-glucosa tipo 2, pertenecen a un grupo farmacológico relativamente nuevo, los cuales se utilizan en el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. La diabetes mellitus es una enfermedad crónica no transmisible, de acuerdo con la Organización Mundial de la Salud, ha presentado un aumento significativo tanto en su incidencia como en su prevalencia. Ante esta problemática, se presenta un análisis detallado de los inhibidores del cotransportador de sodio-glucosa tipo 2, los cuales son considerados significativamente por parte de la comunidad científica debido a su capacidad para disminuir el riesgo cardiovascular y evitar complicaciones médicas
Probióticos: desafíos, revisión y alcance
Authors: Rappaccioli Salinas Renata , Zaror Loaiciga Verónica , Herrera Jaramillo Santiago
Published: June 2021

Los probióticos son microorganismos vivos no patógenos con efectos beneficiosos para la salud del huésped.  Las especies y cepas más usadas pueden ser parte de la composición de distintos tipos de productos, entre los que se incluyen alimentos, medicamentos y suplementos alimenticios que sobreviven en el tránsito del tubo gastrointestinal. Participan en la prevención y tratamiento de enfermedades infecciosas digestivas, hepáticas, afecciones autoinmunes, homeostasis intestinal, enfermedades óseas entre otras.
Brief review of species of the genus Pseudencyrtus with description of a new species from Moscow Province, Russia (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)
Authors: Trjapitzin V.A.
Published: June 2021

Diagnosis of the genus Pseudencyrtus Ashmead, 1900, list of its species with data on their geographical distribution and hosts, phytophagous cecidomyiids (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), and description of P. milovidovi sp. n. from Moscow Province, Russia, are provided. The new species is compared with P. salicicola Sharkov, 1995, described from Sakhalin.
BANKING INNOVATIONS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION
Authors: Nikuradze R.
Published: June 2021

Within the framework of this article, the concepts of banking innovations are considered, the author's interpretation of this concept is given. The author identified the main reasons for the need to use innovations in banks. The supplemented classification of banking innovations and their brief description are also presented.
RESEARCH OF THE IMPACT ON PRODUCTIVITY OF PARAMETERS AND OPERATING MODES OF THE VIBRATION MACHINE DRIVE FOR CLEANING AND WASHING CONTAMINATIONS BY SUBMERGTD STREAM JET WITH SOLID PARTICLES
Authors: Staryi A. , Hordeev A.
Published: June 2021

Analyzed the methods of cleaning and washing, the design of machines with a vibration drive. The choice of a specific method of cleaning and washing is determined depending on the type and properties of contaminants, on the requirements for the cleanliness of products, and the type of production. The scheme of operation of a vibrating machine for cleaning and washing machine parts in a pulsating flow of liquid with solid particles is considered and parameters that affect its performance are determined. The results of studies of physical phenomena during the formation of a pulsating submerged jet are presented, and the influence of design parameters and modes of the drive robots on the maximum jet pressure is determined. An analytical dependence of the maximum instantaneous pressure of the jet has been obtained experimentally, which makes it possible to determine the optimal ratios of parameters when designing a vibration machine for cleaning and washing contaminants.
FORMATION OF THE COMMUNICATIVE AND OPERATIONAL GRAPHIC COMPETENCIES OF THE ARCHITECTURE STUDENTS
Authors: Tiurikova E. , Pogorelov О. , Titinov V. , Nedoshitko О.
Published: June 2021

The publication is devoted to the problem of the formation of the communicative and operational graphic competencies of the architecture students. The parallels are drawn between the design and artistic activities of the students. The forms of search and implementation of a creative idea by the graphic means are studied. The paper reveals modern approaches to the professional communication by graphic methods, means of forming environmental mise-en-scenes, featuring the functional and activity, emotional and figurative, etc. components of the architectural concept. The parallels are drawn between the theatrical and scenographic approach, cinema storyboard and the method of featuring sequential environmental impressions in the architectural sketches. The potential of formal art in enhancing the emotional-compositional component of students’ works are researched.
SINUS BRADYCARDIA AS AN EARLY MARKER OF HEART DAMAGE IN A GIRL WITH LYME DISEASE (CASE REPORT AND MINI REVIEW)
Authors: Nykytyuk S. , Klymnyuk S. , Levytska L.
Published: June 2021

Objectives Early clinical markers of Lyme carditis and other life-threatening prognostic factors due to complications of borreliа infection are still the beginning of active research by scientists. The literature describes a small number of cases of Lyme carditis with arrhythmias or cardiac conduction disorders. Material and methods We reviewed the case of a 14-year-old girl. LC was diagnosed on the basis of history of disease, physical examination, laboratory examination data (positive anti-borrelia IgM in ELISA with confirmation in immunoblot. The presence of B. burgdorferi s.l. was detected by the method of immunoassay analysis using the Euroimmun AG test systems (Germany). The presence of B. burgdorferi s.l. was detected by the method of immunoassay analysis using the Euroimmun AG test systems (Germany). 2 instrumental methods: (ECG,Echo-cor) were used. Results We described a case of Lyme borreliosis in a 14-year-old girl, accompanied by sinus bradyarrhythmia and pericardial fluid -(hydropericardium) (passed after a course of antibacterial therapy). Analysis of this case indicates early detection and adequate treatment of Lyme carditis in young people with minimal deviations of the cardiogram. A case of Lyme carditis , in a child was confirmed.Echocardiography of the heart (at the time of admission to the hospital andat the time of discharge from the hospital was made.

Conclusions 1. Lyme carditis should be suspected in patients with a history of Lyme disease and minimal Electrocardiographic abnormalities , such as sinus bradycardia. 2. For differential diagnosis of Lyme carditis, it is necessary to make ( carry out two-stage serological investigation of blood, especially using antibody screening tests by ELISA with subsequent confirmation by the Western blot assay.
STREET CRIME IN UKRAINE: CURRENT SITUATION AND WAYS TO OVERCOME
Authors: Basenko R. , Kovalenko V. , Avanesyan H.
Published: June 2021

Issues of street crime are considered. It has been established that street crime is a kind of illegal social practice and is a mass destructive phenomenon. It is manifested in the commission of homogeneous socially dangerous criminally punishable acts in the free and open part of the settlement. It has been proved that the manifestations of street crime are such types of intentional criminal offenses as: murder, bodily injury, beatings and murders, rape, theft, robbery, burglary, fraud.
THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF THE NATIONAL PUBLIC RELATIONS INDUSTRY IN ITALY
Authors: Katkova S.
Published: June 2021

The article notes the main characteristics for different schools of PR (such as schools of the USA, Great Britain, France and Germany), but it is devoted to a retrospective analysis of the institutionalization of the professional public relations industry in Italy in the 1950s-1980s. The formation and development of the professional PR-community is considered through the prism of socio-economic and political conditions in the country.
SOCIAL-HISTORICAL, LITERARY-CULTURAL NEEDS OF AZERBAIJANI LITERATURE 1960-80S
Authors: Dzhumanov D.
Published: June 2021

1960-80s are the period of national-spiritual self-awareness and independence, modernism of Azerbaijani literature. The article analyzes the socio-historical, literary and cultural needs of characterizing this period as a new stage of Azerbaijani literature. After Stalin's exposure, as in other Soviet republics, the political and ideological environment in Azerbaijan softened, and a new spirit, form, and content changed in literature and art. The themes of repression and the South, in general, have become more relevant to other issues that serve national self-consciousness. Literature has moved from the subject of production and economy to the description and explanation of the inner world of man. The life of a simple and "little man" came to the fore.
APPROACHES TO STUDYING ANTIBIOTIC CONTAMINATION
Authors: Ananian A.
Published: June 2021

This work provides an overview of the problems associated with the use of antibiotics in different areas (medicine, agriculture) for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes, as well as the risks that may arise for the environment when antimicrobial drugs enter the environment. The most dangerous problem is the resistance of pathogens to antibiotics, which can cause other social problems - an increase in morbidity, mortality, and economic decline. At the moment, not only in Russia, but also in the world, it is the ecological direction of the study of drugs, in particular antibiotics, their way of entering the environment and danger, is developing insufficiently and this is due to a number of methodological difficulties. The risks to wildlife and humans that may arise from residues of various drugs, their effects separately and together are not fully understood. Control of antibiotics in environmental objects will reduce the load of drugs entering through wastewater, develop additional measures for water purification at enterprises where antimicrobial agents are actively used, and also identify "hot spots" in the regions.
FEATURES OF NEUROPLASTIC VARIABILITY OF PROJECTION NEURONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF EXPERIMENTAL DESTRUCTION OF VARIOUS STRUCTURES OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Authors: Badalyan S.
Published: June 2021

The morphological manifestations of neuroplastic variability of projection neurons were studied under conditions of experimental destruction of various structures of the central nervous system in animals. Various forms of pathological manifestations of neuroplastic variability of “survivors” (after exposure to a damaging factor) marked through the axonal transport system of neurons are shown. Marked nerve cells of an unusual, bizarre shape, denoted by the term "ugly neurons", are proposed to be considered as one of the criteria for the pathological manifestation of neuroplastic variability of projection neurons.
THE IMAGE OF THE IRON POPLAR IN ORAL HISTORY (IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERPRETATION OF PAZYRYK CULTURE MATERIALS)
Authors: Yamaeva E.
Published: June 2021

The world tree is one of the universals of culture. Despite the fact that the image of a tree, in particular a birch, is well developed in Altai folklore studies, the motives associated with poplar have been little studied, which is the relevance of the topic. A typological analysis of the materials of the Altai heroic epic revealed such stable motives about the poplar as a sacred object that gives prophetic knowledge, the elixir of immortality, and also as a ritual pillar with the sacrifice of the maral. As a result of the study of the material in the context of the Altai Pazyryk culture, it was possible to interpret the image of a tree on a buckle from the Siberian collection of Peter I as a prototype of the world poplar. In conclusion, the chemical properties and their features on human impact are noted, and, accordingly, the possibility of using black poplar for medicinal purposes and for embalming in the Pazyryk time.
PHONETIC LEVEL OF TEXT STYLISM
Authors: Kojdan E. , Gogina L.
Published: June 2021

The article highlights the importance of the phonetic level of linguistics to identify the stylistic features of the text, both at the level of sound means of artistic expression, and in the phono-pronouncing prosodic manner. The phonetic aspect of the style of discourse serves as a means of social communication, in connection with which it emphasizes the convergence of all language levels in the organization of stylistic coherence of the text, attention is paid to the importance of preserving the author's phonostyle in the practice of translation. The paper reveals the manifestation of phonostylistics in such a super-segmental stylistic plan as the prosody of the text.
Challenges Faced by Teachers in Teaching through Storytelling and Play-Way Method at Early childhood Education Level
Authors: Malik Misbah , Altaf Fasiha , Gull Mehwish
Published: June 2021

Teachers use several methods to teach children in Early childhood Education classes. Storytelling and play-way methods are employed to teach initial concepts in a conducive and stimulating learning environment. The purpose of this study was to identify the mindfulness, utilization, and challenges faced by ECE teachers while teaching through these methods. The phenomenological design was employed by using a qualitative research approach. The ten ECE schoolteachers were selected as participants, who were teaching to grade one student through the purposive sampling technique. Self-developed semi-structured interviews were carried out, and the data were transcribed into codes and themes. The research revealed that teachers were more aware of the storytelling method than the play way method. They were facing different challenges while using the storytelling and play-way method at the ECE level. It is recommended that resource rooms should be established for the provision of the best opportunities for training to ECE teachers.
Challenges Faced by Language Learning Disabilities Primary Students in Learning English as Second Language
Authors: Javed Fareeha , Batool Yameena , Baig Sana
Published: June 2021

This paper reports on a study carried out to explore challenges faced by primary level Language Learning Disabilities (LDs) students in learning English as a Second Language (ESL) in Pakistan. The data was collected through a quantitative (close-ended) questionnaire filled in by 100 and a qualitative (open-ended) questionnaire filled by 10 Primary English language teachers in Pakistan. The findings revealed that language LDs hinder the development of literacy and oral skills of primary ESL learners. The study concluded that in order to improve the English language learning of students with language LDs, there is a need to assure the provision of teacher training facilities, application of sensorial activities, and establishment of good rapport between the teaching staff, school administration and parents of students with language LDs.
Global Citizenship Education in Pakistan: Awareness, Attitude and Challenges
Authors: Saddiqa Tahira , Anwar Muhammad Nadeem , Khizar Asma
Published: June 2021

This study was attempted to analyze teacher's awareness, attitude and challenges in implementing Global Citizenship Education in Pakistan. A questionnaire was constructed and filled by teachers of ten public sector universities of Punjab. Perceptions of two hundred and thirty-five teachers were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings were highlighting that teachers showed a low level of awareness towards global citizenship education; however positive attitude towards global citizenship education was counted. Implementation of GCE is essential in order to prepare a civilized generation. However, there are some challenges teachers have encountered in implementing Global Citizenship Education in higher education institutions, such as inadequate environment, no provision in education police to teach it as a subject and lack of training regarding GCE. In order to promote GCE in Pakistan, the government may adopt the Canadian/USA/Australian or England roadmap or may use material and support provided by Qualifications and Curriculum Development Agency (QCA) for executing GCE.
Balkanlarda fethiye camisi örnekleri: Selanik, Sofya ve Ohri Ayasofyaları
Authors: URAL Selçuk
Published: June 2021

Osmanlı Türkleri için Balkan toprakları her dönemde mühim bir yere sahip olmuştur. Balkanlarda gerçekleşen her fetih, Osmanlıların devletleşme sürecini tamamlamalarında büyük katkı sağlamıştır. Böylece Osmanlılar Balkanlardaki egemenlikleriyle dünyada etkili bir devlet olabilmişlerdir. Osmanlılar Balkanlarda hakimiyet sağlamaya başladıkları andan itibaren de klasik imar ve iskân politikasını uygulamaya koyulmuşlardır. Fethedilen her bölgede yoğun bir imar faaliyeti gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yeni imaretler, bedestenler, kervansaraylar, köprüler, camiler, pazar yerleri inşa edilmiştir. Ayrıca fethi gerçekleştirilen her şehir veyahut kasabada Türk-İslam Medeniyetinin bir geleneği de yaşatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu gelenek “fetih hakkı” şeklinde isimlendirilmiştir. Özellikle savaşılarak ele geçirilen şehirlerin en gösterişli veyahut büyük mabedinde ezan okunmuştur. Sonrasında Cuma Namazı da burada kılınmıştır. Bu usul, şehrin Türk-İslam geleneği çerçevesinde fethedildiğini ortaya koymuştur. Böylelikle o şehrin fethedildiği tescillenirken o mabet de Türk-İslam geleneğince iskân edilmiştir. Osmanlıların bu gelenekleri sayesinde farklı coğrafyalardaki birçok mabedin günümüze kadar ayakta kalabilmiştir. Bu çalışmada da Balkanlarda bu Osmanlı geleneğinin uygulandığı Sofya, Selanik ve Ohri şehirlerindeki Ayasofya Camileri yer almıştır.
PROBLEMATIC ISSUES OF SECURITY IN UNDERGROUND RAIL TRANSPORT
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Morozkov A. G. , Slobodchikov N. A. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation
Published: June 2021

The article examines historical examples of terrorist attacks on transport infrastructure facilities, notes the potential vulnerabilities of the current security system and suggests ways to counter acts of unlawful interference. Key words: transport security, terrorism, metro security, poisonous substances, chemical weapons, acts of unlawful interference, ensuring the security of transport infrastructure.
EXPERIENCE OF IMPLEMENTING THE "SMART CITY" SYSTEM IN THE WORLD
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Kliueva A. V.
Published: June 2021

The article describes a system called "Smart City" and its elements, presented in the generally recognized developed cities in this area around the world. The successful implementation of such technologies in Russia was also noted on the example of adaptive traffic light regulation in Moscow and St. Petersburg. Key words: city, traffic light, transport, adaptive management, ecology.
The Future of the Planetary Trust in a Kaleidoscopic World
Authors: Weiss Edith Brown
Published: June 2021

Today, it is evident that we are part of a planetary trust. Conserving our planet represents a public good, global as well as local. The threats to future generations resulting from human activities make applying the normative framework of a planetary trust even more urgent than in the past decades. Initially, the planetary trust focused primarily on threats to the natural system of our human environment such as pollution and natural resource degradation, and on threats to cultural heritage. Now, we face a higher threat of nuclear war, cyber wars, and threats from gene drivers that can cause inheritable changes to genes, potential threats from other new technologies such as artificial intelligence, and possible pandemics. In this context, it is proposed that in the kaleidoscopic world, we must engage all the actors to cooperate with the shared goal of caring for and maintaining planet Earth in trust for present and future generations.
A New Environmental Charter for the Future
Authors: Aguila Yann , Chami Lionel
Published: June 2021

The environmental crisis compels humanity to redefine its relationship with nature. This calls for the principles that would guide the new pathway to be outlined and enshrined into a global treaty. An environmental charter for the future would serve the purpose of a social contract and define the norms which would allow humanity to coexist with its natural environment. In this context, this article argues that faith in the international system could be restored by a global agreement on the basic principles which are to guide the new system for international environmental governance. It will thus first focus on (i) exposing the merits of principles in a legal system, (ii) tackling the purely technical vision that weakens both the creation and implementation of international environmental law and (iii) finally, it will make the case for a global environmental charter that would enshrine fundamental principles and rejuvenate the values that founded the international system.
State Sovereignty in the Planetary Management of Natural Resources
Authors: Schrijver Nico J.
Published: June 2021

Protagonists of global environmental governance often view the sovereign State as well as the principle of sovereignty as major stumbling blocks for effective environmental conservation and sustainable development. Some even herald the demise of the idea of the sovereign State. However, reality has it differently. Sovereignty is no longer an unqualified concept. Manifold new duties have been imposed upon the sovereign State as a result of the progressive development of international law. Much of the modern international law movement vests States with the responsibility to adopt regulations, to monitor and secure compliance and exercise justice in order to achieve its implementation, whereas supranational global environmental governance has remained notoriously weak. This article examines this proposition by reference to the environmental and developmental role of states in three landmark multilateral treaties: The United Nations Law of the Sea Convention (1982), the Convention on the Conservation of Biological Diversity (1992) and the Paris Agreement on climate change (2015). They demonstrate that sovereignty serves as a key organisational principle for the realization of global values, such as environmental conservation and sustainable development.
Protecting the Natural Environment in Armed Conflict
Authors: Maurer Peter
Published: June 2021

Armed conflicts have direct and indirect impacts on the natural environment, and climate risks now magnify this harm for dependent communities. Too often, the natural environment is directly attacked or suffers incidental damage as a result of the use of certain methods or means of warfare. It is also at risk from damage and destruction to the built environment, across urban and rural areas. To reduce this harm, parties to armed conflict can integrate legal protections for the environment into their armed forces’ doctrine to reduce damage as they fight. Humanitarians in turn must commit sufficient resources and expertise to respond to the needs of those coping with the environmental consequences of conflict, and limit their own climate and environmental footprint. In order to address this challenge, in November 2020 the ICRC released the Guidelines on the Protection of the Natural Environment in Armed Conflict which aim to contribute in a practical way to promoting respect for and protection of this precious asset during armed conflicts.
New Approaches for International Water Resources
Authors: McIntyre Owen
Published: June 2021

As a body of rules and a basis for inter-State cooperative practice, international water law suffers from certain important shortcomings. Most significantly, it is characterised by substantive normative indeterminacy, and from related deficiencies in its associated procedural and institutional frameworks, which retard its progressive development and limit its capacity to respond to the looming challenges of the impending global water crisis. Though it has evolved progressively in recent years to incorporate a far-reaching obligation upon watercourse States to adopt an ecosystem approach to the management of shared watercourses, this very development highlights international water law’s systemic difficulty in accommodating water management techniques which are critically important to effective implementation of such an approach and, ultimately, to addressing the water crisis. Such techniques, with which international water law struggles, include multi-faceted benefit-sharing, adaptive management, and public and stakeholder participation. The latter two are considered essential for implementation of an ecosystem approach, while the former comprises a cooperative technique facilitated by an ecosystem approach, by means of which watercourse States might eliminate inefficiencies and ensure optimal utilisation of shared water resources. These problems illustrate the urgent imperative of continuing to develop and refine, if not completely reimagine, the rules of international water law.
Looking Through Palme’s Vision for the Global Environment
Authors: Sundström Anna
Published: June 2021

Olof Palme, the former Prime Minister of Sweden, underlined the importance of a firm global response to the growing environmental crisis in his 06 June 1972 address to the first UN Conference on the Human Environment (UNCHE) held in Stockholm. He prophetically observed: “it is absolutely necessary that concerted, international action is undertaken … solutions will require far-reaching changes in attitudes and social structures”. Almost 50 years later, it is painfully clear that the necessary changes have not taken place and that time is now even more limited to make the necessary, far-reaching changes. How can the conclusions from the Stockholm Conference and ideas envisioned by Olof Palme can guide us into a better common greener future?
Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA) - O perfil epidemiológico no município de Almenara - MG
Authors:   Faculdade de Almenara, Assunção Andreza Cardoso Rocha , Silva Solange Pereira da ,   Faculdade de Almenara, Coelho Viviane Amaral Toledo ,   Faculdade de Almenara, Souza Carla Giselly de ,   Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Reis Leonardo Henrique Guimarães ,   Faculdade de Almenara, Nascimento Ednardo de Souza ,   Faculdade de Almenara, Cardoso Patrícia Alves ,   Faculdade de Almenara
Published: June 2021

This research aimed to characterize the ATL epidemiological profile in the municipality of Almenara-MG, between the years 2016-2020. It is a descriptive and exploratory research, with bibliographic analysis and data sheets registered in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). For each year observed there was an increase in the disease, with men being more affected, and a higher prevalence in rural areas. The pharmaceutical sector does not give due attention to “neglected diseases” like ATL, because the victims are economically disadvantaged. Although there is a large research volume for the production of medicines such as ATL, most are done in public institutions, not guaranteeing that these drugs will be produced.
Boletín Económico Regional : Costa Caribe, I trimestre de 2021
Authors:   Sección de Sucursales Regionales de Estudios Económicos
Published: June 2021

El primer trimestre del 2021 mostró un crecimiento anual para la mayoría de los sectores de seguimiento en la región Caribe. Se presentaron resultados positivos en la industria, la construcción, la actividad agropecuaria, el comercio interno y las remesas recibidas. Por su parte, se mantuvieron en terreno negativo sectores como el transporte y el comercio exterior, no obstante, aminoraron sus caídas. Por último, el mercado laboral siguió afectado principalmente por los efectos que sobre la economía ha generado el Covid-19, entre tanto, que el índice general de precios continuó con su tendencia a la baja.
Research on impact of manufacturing dust on the environment
Authors:   Eurasian National University named after L.N. Gumilev, Alish А.Ye. , Daribay А.О. ,   Eurasian National University named after L.N. Gumilev, Agibayeva А.К. ,   Taraz state pedagogical university
Published: June 2021

Glass production, like any other production, is directly related to its environmental impact. Therefore, one of the important measures is to study the environmental impact of the rapidly growing glass industry. Determining the amount of dust emitted by the SAF glass factory in the city of Taraz, include the main sources of dust formation in the glass factory, the amount of dust and their dispersion composition. The studies showed the concentration of dust is slightly higher than the normal values established in the loading and unloading workshop, in the dosing device and in the soda loading area and in the working area of the glass melting furnace. This directly affects the environment and health of longtime workers.
Transformation of the renewable energy structure in Hungary
Authors: Remenyik Bulcsu , David Lorant
Published: June 2021

According to the Eurostat database, the percentage of renewable energy sources inthe energy mix of the EU is increasing year after year (www.europa.eu/eurostat). In 2018, thevalues reached 73% in neighboring Austria (48% in Croatia, 42% in Romania, 32% in Slovenia and21% in Slovakia), Hungary now stands at 8%. Wind energy is the leader in the renewable energystructure of the EU countries (35, 8% in 2018), since the construction of wind farms is prohibitedin our country, one of the main objectives of research is to examine our energy structure. Our lastposition in renewable energy in 2020 prompted the government to develop a new climate strategy(mekh.hu/nemzetienergiastrategia2030). According to the new strategy, Hungary is estimated to beclimate and carbon neutral by the end of the decade. Among the alternative sources of energy,solar energy is becoming the favorite, and our article points out why other forms of energy are beingovershadowed. Analyzing the changes in the country’s future energy mix, it can be said that it willbe based essentially on nuclear power and electricity from Russia’s electricity grid. However, due tothe drastic drop in the cost of solar panels in the energy mix of households, solar energy has becomea favorite of renewable energy sources. In the climate strategy, the government plans to create 8,000MW of solar energy by 2050, which will be mainly used in households, municipal buildings, andtourism.
Anthropogenic eutrophication and ways of lake systems restoration in northern Kazakhstan
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nazarova T.V. , Dzhanaleeva K.M. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Baryshnikov G.J. ,   Altai State University, Dmitriev P.S. ,   North Kazakhstan State University, Inkarova Zh.I. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: June 2021

The article is concerned with the processes of eutrophication of lake systems in Northern Kazakhstan. A comprehensive assessment of the current state of the ecosystem of the Zhamanovskoe Lake was carried out. The main reasons for the eutrophication of the Zhamanovskoe Lake have been identified: plowing of the catchment area, use of pesticides, cattle grazing and watering. Activities on land reclamation were developed. The Zhamanovskoe Lake is a typical reservoir of Northern Kazakhstan in terms of size, water receiving, origin of the lake basin, etc. Research undertaken can be applied to more water bodies.
Historical preconditions for the construction of the new Suez Canal and its political and economic significance
Authors:   M. Auezov South KazakhstanUniversity, Turekulova Z. , Esirkepova G. Zh. ,   M. Auezov South KazakhstanUniversity
Published: June 2021

The Suez Canal has become a certain symbol of Egyptian patriotism; this fact is proved by an opening of a partial backup of themain watercourse of the Suez Canal in July 2015. The Suez Canal has allowed reconciling ideologicaland religiousdifferenceswithinthe country,unitingMuslimsand ChristianCopts.Atthepresent stage ofdevelopment,theEgyptian canal not only brings significant public funds to the country, but also provides additional jobs; and the slogans for its further expansion and transformation into a modern logistics center allow the Egyptians to recognize themselves as an important part of the global economy. Creation of large transport systems and nodes connected with the transit of natural resources and goods with high added value is an important article of income of any state, through the territory of which they pass. As noted by the Elbasy of the Republic of Kazakhstan Nazarbayev N.A., transport infrastructure is a blood system of the industrial economy and society [1]. Analysis of the features of the construction and operation of the Suez Canal demonstrates the basicapproaches to theproblems of creatingnew transport arteries
Freedom of speech as a key condition for democracy
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Ryskeldinova S.B. , Sak K.O. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: June 2021

Kazakh media are experiencing difficulties inherited from the Soviet media system. As a result, remnants of the old structures that hinder and restrict independent journalism are still visible. This question is relevant when studying the current state of media independence. In this context, the authors’ main idea of the author of the article is that the exercise of freedom of speech and journalistic independence is a prerequisite for the development of democracy and other rights of citizens. If the state does not allow open and fair competition among different ideas about how to govern the country, there is no guarantee that strong ideas supported by a democratic majority will prevail. At the same time, restricting the flow of information, preventing the independence of journalism - leads to violations of human rights. The authors examine the true content of freedom of speech in international law, provide examples of best practices in other countries and regions, and present concepts developed by leading international and public organizations, as well as experts from around the world.
Problems of adaptation and psychological support for journalism students
Authors:   Rostov Institute of Advanced Training and Professional Retraining of Educational Workers, Berezin A.F. , Berezina N.N. ,   Rostov State University of Economics, Klemenova E.N. ,   Rostov State University of Economics
Published: June 2021

The attitude towards the profession and the professional success of future journalists are largely formed during their studies at the university. Traditionally, special attention is paid to students of the first and fifth years, however, it is in the middle of the learning process that students experience important transformations of the image of the profession and their attitude to educational and professional activities. Understanding the specifics of the «third-year crisis» will help to maintain or increase the motivation of students for studying and professional development, and a comprehensive psychological support program will make assistance to future journalists more systematic. The article presents results of the study of the image of the profession of a journalist, as well as the ideas of first and third year students about the significant personal qualities of a journalist and forecasting their own professional self-realization. Highlighted the specifics of professionalization and the formation of competence, characteristic of a student in the middle of training. There are proposed measures and directions of psychological support for third-year students in the process of their training in journalism.