bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental free-space continuous-variable quantum key distribution with thermal source
Authors: Zhang Mingqi , Huang Peng , Wang Ping , Wei Shurong , Zeng Guihua
Published: January 2023

Passive-state-preparation (PSP) continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) protocol explores the intrinsic field fluctuations of a thermal source. Compared with traditional Gaussian-modulated coherent-state CVQKD, it does not need active modulations and has promising applications in chip integration and portable free-space quantum key distribution. In this Letter, we propose and experimentally realize a PSP CVQKD scheme with transmitted local oscillator (LO) through fluctuating transmittance free-space channel using an off-the-shelf amplified spontaneous emission source for the first time. By proposing thermal-state polarization multiplexing transmitted LO, synchronized channel transmittance monitoring and fine-grained phase compensation techniques, secure keys within −15 dB transmittance of simulated free-space channel with turbulence are generated, with a final average secure key rate of 1.015 Mbps asymptotically. Equivalent atmospheric turbulence model analysis shows that the free-space PSP CVQKD scheme provides a promising outlook for high-speed and chip-based CVQKD for kilometer-level atmospheric channel networks.
Spatiotemporal mode decomposition of ultrashort pulses in linear and nonlinear graded-index multimode fibers
Authors: Zitelli Mario , Couderc Vincent , Ferraro Mario , Mangini Fabio , Parra-Rivas Pedro , Sun Yifan , Wabnitz Stefan
Published: January 2023

We develop a spatiotemporal mode decomposition technique to study the spatial and temporal mode power distribution of ultrashort pulses in long spans of graded-index multimode fiber, for different input laser conditions. We find that the beam mode power content in the dispersive pulse propagation regime can be described by the Bose–Einstein law, as a result of the process of power diffusion from linear and nonlinear mode coupling among nondegenerate mode groups. In the soliton regime, the output mode power distribution approaches the Rayleigh–Jeans law.
Incidence and risk factors of cardiovascular mortality in patients with gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Nso Nso , Nyabera Akwe , Nassar Mahmoud , Mbome Yolanda , Emmanuel Kelechi , Alshamam Mohsen , Sumbly Vickram , Guzman Laura , Shaukat Tanveer , Bhangal Rubal , Ojong Gilbert Ako , Radparvar Farshid , Rizzo Vincent , Munira Most Sirajum
Published: January 2023

Background

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are common and fatal. Improved cancer-directed therapies, with thier substantial role in improving cancer-specific survival, may increase non-cancer mortality−including cardiovascular mortality−in these patients.

Aim

To identify the risk factors of cardiovascular mortality in GI adenocarcinoma patients.

Methods

Data of GI adenocarcinoma patients were gathered from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. We used Pearson’s chi-square test to assess the relationships between categorical variables. We used the Kaplan-Meyer test in the univariate analysis and Cox regression test for the multivariate analysis.

Results

Among 556,350 included patients, 275,118 (49.6%) died due to adenocarcinoma, 64,079 (11.5%) died due to cardiovascular causes, and 83,161 (14.9%) died due to other causes. Higher rates of cardiovascular mortality were found in patients ≥ 50 years (HR, 8.476; 95% CI, 7.91–9.083), separated (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.184–1.361) and widowed (HR, 1.867; 95% CI, 1.812–1.924), patients with gastric (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.1–1.265) or colorectal AC (HR, 1.123; 95% CI, 1.053–1.198), and patients not undergone surgery (HR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.958–2.126). Lower risk patients include females (HR, 0.729; 95% CI, 0.717–0.742), blacks (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.924–0.978), married (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.749–0.792), divorced (HR, 0.841; 95% CI, 0.807–0.877), patients with pancreatic AC (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.757–0.91), and patients treated with chemotherapy (HR, 0.416; 95% CI, 0.406–0.427).

Conclusions

Risk factors for cardiovascular mortality in GI adenocarcinoma include advanced age, males, whites, separated and widowed, gastric or colorectal adenocarcinoma, advanced grade or advanced stage of the disease, no chemotherapy, and no surgery. Married and divorced, and patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma have a lower risk.
Correlation between metastatic patterns and age in patients with metastatic primary liver cancer: A population-based study
Authors: Zheng Zhaoting , Hu Yue , Ren Yutong , Mo Guoheng , Wan Hao
Published: January 2023

Aim

Primary liver cancer is usually diagnosed at advanced stages with distant metastasis, underlying the high metastatic rate and mortality in patients. This study aimed to analyse the metastatic patterns and prognosis of primary liver cancer, and its relationship with age and several other factors, such as histological variants, TNM stage, and grade.

Methods

We included data from 5274 patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database of the American National Cancer Institute diagnosed with primary liver cancer with metastatic disease between 2010 and 2015. The correlation between the metastatic patterns of primary liver cancer and age was evaluated. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for overall survival were calculated by applying univariate Cox analysis, while the correlation between the metastatic patterns and age was analysed by applying multivariate Cox analysis. We also plotted Kaplan-Meier curves to illustrate the correlation between overall survival (OS) and various factors.

Results

Several factors were associated with poorer prognosis, including age>60 years, histologic type of spindle cell variant, higher grade, no surgery, tumour size ≥ 1 cm, and lung metastasis. The rate of metastasis increased with age. Older patients (> 50 years) were prone to bone metastasis, while less likely to have lung metastasis compared with younger patients (< 50 years). Patients with lung metastasis had a higher risk of being diagnosed with metastasis in other locations. Furthermore, surgery significantly reduced mortality and primary site surgery in particular, mitigated the risk of bone and lung metastases.

Conclusions

Our study shows the correlation of prognosis and metastatic patterns with age and several other factors. The findings can hopefully provide knowledge that will allow a better diagnosis and management of elderly patients with primary liver cancer.
Global prevalence of nosocomial infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Raoofi Samira , Pashazadeh Kan Fatemeh , Rafiei Sima , Hosseinipalangi Zahra , Noorani Mejareh Zahra , Khani Saghar , Abdollahi Bahare , Seyghalani Talab Fatemeh , Sanaei Mohaddeseh , Zarabi Farnaz , Dolati Yasamin , Ahmadi Niloofar , Raoofi Neda , Sarhadi Yasamin , Masoumi Maryam , sadat Hosseini Batool , Vali Negin , Gholamali Negin , Asadi Saba , Ahmadi Saba , Ahmadi Behrooz , Beiramy Chomalu Zahra , Asadollahi Elnaz , Rajabi Mona , Gharagozloo Dorsa , Nejatifar Zahra , Soheylirad Rana , Jalali Shabnam , Aghajani Farnaz , Navidriahy Mobina , Deylami Sama , Nasiri Mahmoud , Zareei Mahsa , Golmohammadi Zahra , Shabani Hamideh , Torabi Fatemeh , Shabaninejad Hosein , Nemati Ali , Amerzadeh Mohammad , Aryankhesal Aidin , Ghashghaee Ahmad
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are significant problems as public health issues which need attention. Such infections are significant problems for society and healthcare organizations. This study aimed to carry out a systematic review and a meta-analysis to analyze the prevalence of HAIs globally.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive search of electronic databases including EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science between 2000 and June 2021. We found 7031 articles. After removing the duplicates, 5430 studies were screened based on the titles/ abstracts. Then, we systematically evaluated the full texts of the 1909 remaining studies and selected 400 records with 29,159,630 participants for meta-analysis. Random-effects model was used for the analysis, and heterogeneity analysis and publication bias test were conducted.

Results

The rate of universal HAIs was 0.14 percent. The rate of HAIs is increasing by 0.06 percent annually. The highest rate of HAIs was in the AFR, while the lowest prevalence were in AMR and WPR. Besides, AFR prevalence in central Africa is higher than in other parts of the world by 0.27 (95% CI, 0.22–0.34). Besides, E. coli infected patients more than other micro-organisms such as Coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In hospital wards, Transplant, and Neonatal wards and ICU had the highest rates. The prevalence of HAIs was higher in men than in women.

Conclusion

We identified several essential details about the rate of HAIs in various parts of the world. The HAIs rate and the most common micro-organism were different in various contexts. However, several essential gaps were also identified. The study findings can help hospital managers and health policy makers identify the reason for HAIs and apply effective control programs to implement different plans to reduce the HAIs rate and the financial costs of such infections and save resources.
Contribution of remote M.tuberculosis infection to tuberculosis disease: A 30-year population study
Authors: Glynn Judith R. , Khan Palwasha , Mzembe Themba , Sichali Lifted , Fine Paul E. M. , Crampin Amelia C. , Houben Rein M. G. J.
Published: January 2023

Background

The importance of remote infection with M.tuberculosis as a cause of tuberculosis disease (TB) is unclear, with limited evidence of impact on TB rates beyond 10 years. Our objective was to assess rates of tuberculosis over 30 years by M.tuberculosis infection status at baseline in Karonga District, Northern Malawi.

Materials and methods

Population-based surveys of tuberculin skin testing (TST) from the 1980s were linked with follow-up and TB surveillance in Karonga district. We compared rates of microbiologically-confirmed TB by baseline TST induration <5mm (no evidence of M.tuberculosis infection) and those with baseline TST >17mm (evidence of M.tuberculosis infection), using hazard ratios by time since baseline and attributable risk percent. The attributable risk percent was calculated to estimate the proportion of TB in those infected that can be attributed to that prior infection. We analysed whole genome sequences of M.tuberculosis strains to identify recent transmission.

Results

Over 412,959 person-years, 208 incident TB episodes were recorded. Compared to the small induration group, rates of TB were much higher in the first two years in the large induration group, and remained higher to 20 years: age, sex and area-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) 2–9 years post-TST 4.27 (95%CI 2.56–7.11); 10–19 years after TST 2.15 (1.10–4.21); ≥20 years post-TST 1.88 (0.76–4.65). The attributable risk percent of remote infection was 76.6% (60.9–85.9) 2–9 years post-TST, and 53.5% (9.1–76.2) 10–19 years post-TST. Individuals with large TST indurations had higher rates of unique-strain TB (HR adjusted for age, sex and area = HR 6.56 (95% CI 1.96–22.99)), suggesting disease following remote infection, but not of linked-strain TB (recent transmission).

Conclusions

M.tuberculosis infection can increase the risk of TB far beyond 10 years, accounting for a substantial proportion of TB occurring among those remotely infected.
Developing a fall prevention intervention economic model
Authors: Saunders Hailey , Anderson Carol , Feldman Fabio , Holroyd-Leduc Jayna , Jain Ravi , Liu Barbara , Macaulay Susan , Marr Sharon , Silvius James , Weldon Jennifer , Bayoumi Ahmed M. , Straus Sharon E. , Tricco Andrea C. , Isaranuwatchai Wanrudee
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Model-based economic evaluations require conceptualization of the model structure. Our objectives were to identify important health states, events, and patient attributes to be included in a model-based cost-effectiveness analysis of fall prevention interventions, to develop a model structure to examine cost-effectiveness of fall prevention interventions, and to assess the face validity of the model structure.

Methods

An expert panel comprising clinicians, health service researchers, health economists, a patient partner, and policy makers completed two rounds of online surveys to gain consensus on health states, events, and patient attributes important for fall prevention interventions. The surveys were informed by a literature search on fall prevention interventions for older adults (≥65 years) including economic evaluations and clinical practice guidelines. The results of the Delphi surveys and subsequent discussions can support the face validity of a state-transition model for an economic evaluation of fall prevention interventions.

Results

In total, 11 experts rated 24 health states/events and 41 patient attributes. Consensus was achieved on 14 health states/events and 26 patient characteristics. The proposed model structure incorporated 12 of the 14 selected health states/events. Panelists confirmed the face validity of the model structure during teleconferences.

Conclusions

There is a dearth of studies presenting the model conceptualization process; consequently, this study involving multiple end user partners with opportunities for input at several stages adds to the literature as another case study. This process is an example of how a fall prevention economic model was developed using a modified Delphi process and assessed for face validity.
Effect of muscle fatigue of the thoracic erector spinae on neuromuscular control when performing the upper extremity functional tasks in people with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Chan Ray Y. H. , Ma Aiden C. F. , Cheung Tammy S. K. , Chan Jenny C. L. , Kwok Ruby W. Y. , Fu Allan C. L. , Tsang Sharon M. H.
Published: January 2023

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) disrupts spinal alignment and increases the intrinsic demand for active stabilization to maintain postural stability. Understanding the paraspinal muscle fatigability and its effects on spinal alignment and kinematics informs the importance of paraspinal muscle endurance for postural stability. This study aims to investigate the effects of fatigue of thoracic erector spinae on the spinal muscle activity and spinal kinematics in individuals with scoliosis. Spinal muscle activity, posture and mobility measured by electromyography and surface tomography were compared between 15 participants with scoliosis and 15 age- and gender-matched healthy controls during unilateral shoulder flexion and abduction with and without holding a 2-kg weight and performed before and after a fatigue task (prone isometric chest raise). No between-groups difference was found for the spinal extensor endurance. Erector spinae activity at the convex side of AIS group was significantly higher than that at their concave side and than that of healthy controls during shoulder elevations, regardless of the fatigue status. Significant decreases in translational and rotational mobility were found at convex side of AIS group during weighted abduction tasks after fatigue. In contrast, a significant increase in rotational mobility was demonstrated at convex side of AIS participants during weighted flexion tasks after fatigue. Our results revealed a comparable level of spinal extensor endurance between individuals with or without AIS. The increase in muscle activation post-fatigue provides no additional active postural stability but may increase the risk of back pain over the convex side in individuals with scoliosis. Findings highlight imbalances in muscles and the potential implications in optimising neuromuscular activation and endurance capacity in the rehabilitation for AIS patients. Future research is needed to investigate if endurance training of the convex-sided back extensors could optimize the impaired neuromuscular control in the AIS patients.
Is there a benefit for anesthesiologists of adding difficult airway scenarios for learning fiberoptic intubation skills using virtual reality training? A randomized controlled study
Authors: Cailleau Loic , Geeraerts Thomas , Minville Vincent , Fourcade Olivier , Fernandez Thomas , Bazin Jean Etienne , Baxter Linden , Athanassoglou Vassilis , Jefferson Henry , Sud Anika , Davies Tim , Mendonca Cyprian , Parotto Matteo , Kurrek Matt
Published: January 2023

Fiberoptic intubation for a difficult airway requires significant experience. Traditionally only normal airways were available for high fidelity bronchoscopy simulators. It is not clear if training on difficult airways offers an advantage over training on normal airways. This study investigates the added value of difficult airway scenarios during virtual reality fiberoptic intubation training. A prospective multicentric randomized study was conducted 2019 to 2020, among 86 inexperienced anesthesia residents, fellows and staff. Two groups were compared: Group N (control, n = 43) first trained on a normal airway and Group D (n = 43) first trained on a normal, followed by three difficult airways. All were then tested by comparing their ORSIM® scores on 5 scenarios (1 normal and 4 difficult airways). The final evaluation ORSIM® score for the normal airway testing scenario was significantly higher for group N than group D: median score 76% (IQR 56.5–90) versus 58% (IQR 51.5–69, p = 0.0039), but there was no difference in ORSIM® scores for the difficult intubation testing scenarios. A single exposure to each of 3 different difficult airway scenarios did not lead to better fiberoptic intubation skills on previously unseen difficult airways, when compared to multiple exposures to a normal airway scenario. This finding may be due to the learning curve of approximately 5–10 exposures to a specific airway scenario required to reach proficiency.
Trajectories of wellbeing in people who live with gamblers experiencing a gambling problem: An 18-year longitudinal analysis of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey
Authors: Tulloch Catherine , Browne Matthew , Hing Nerilee , Rockloff Matthew , Hilbrecht Margo
Published: January 2023

In cross-sectional gambling studies, friends, family, and others close to those experiencing gambling problems (concerned significant others ‘CSOs’) tend to report detriments to their quality of life. To date, however, there have been no large, population-based longitudinal studies examining the health and wellbeing of CSOs. We analyse longitudinal data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey to examine the 18-year trajectories of general, social, health and financial wellbeing of household CSOs (n = 477) and compare these to those without a gambling problem in the household (n = 13,661). CSOs reported significantly worse long-term wellbeing than non-CSOs in their satisfaction with life, number of life stressors, and social, health and financial wellbeing. However, both social and financial wellbeing showed a temporal effect, declining significantly for CSOs at times closer to the exposure to the gambling problem. This finding suggests a causal link between living in a household with a person with a gambling problem and decreased CSO social and financial wellbeing. Policy responses, such as additional social and financial support, could be considered to assist CSOs impacted by another person’s gambling problem.
Thermo-neutrophilic cellulases and chitinases characterized from a novel putative antifungal biocontrol agent: Bacillus subtilis TD11
Authors: Malik Muhammad Saqib , Rehman Abdul , Khan Irfan Ullah , Khan Taj Ali , Jamil Muhammad , Rha Eui Shik , Anees Muhammad
Published: January 2023

Cellulose and chitin are the most abundant naturally occurring biopolymers synthesized in plants and animals and are used for synthesis of different organic compounds and acids in the industry. Therefore, cellulases and chitinases are important for their multiple uses in industry and biotechnology. Moreover, chitinases have a role in the biological control of phytopathogens. A bacterial strainBacillus subtilisTD11 was previously isolated and characterized as a putative biocontrol agent owing to its significant antifungal potential. In this study, cellulase and chitinase produced by the strainB.subtilisTD11 were purified and characterized. The activity of the cellulases and chitinases were optimized at different pH (2 to 10) and temperatures (20 to 90°C). The substrate specificity of cellulases was evaluated using different substances including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), and crystalline substrates. The cellulase produced byB.subtilisTD11 had a molecular mass of 45 kDa while that of chitinase was 55 kDa. The optimal activities of the enzymes were found at neutral pH (6.0 to 7.0). The optimum temperature for the purified cellulases was in the range of 50 to 70°C while, purified chitinases were optimally active at 50°C. The highest substrate specificity of the purified cellulase was found for CMC (100%) followed by HEC (>50% activity) while no hydrolysis was observed against the crystalline substrates. Moreover, it was observed that the purified chitinase was inhibitory against the fungi containing chitin in their hyphal walls i.e.,Rhizoctonia,Colletotrichum,AspergillusandFusariumhaving a dose-effect relationship.
Governance of non-state-owned shareholders and corporate capital structure decision: A mechanism test from the opportunistic behavior of management
Authors: Wang Jiao , Hu Yaoyao , Liao Feimei , Xu Shulin
Published: January 2023

It is an important measure in the reform of state-owned enterprises to improve the efficiency of capital operation by introducing non-state-owned shareholders. This paper explores the impact of non-state shareholder governance on capital structure decision-making by using the data of 2008–2021 A-share state-owned listed companies from the perspective of the speed and deviation of capital structure adjustment. The results reveal that only non-state shareholding has no significant impact on the capital structure adjustment of a company. However, the appointment of senior management by non-state shareholders can speed up the capital structure adjustment and lower the degree of capital structure deviation. Moreover, when the capital structure goes down, the appointment of non-state-owned shareholders plays a larger role in accelerating the capital structure adjustment, which makes the deviation from the actual capital structure and the target capital structure smaller. Further research shows that the above relationship between non-state shareholder governance and the optimization and adjustment of the capital structure only exists in local SOEs and competitive SOEs. In addition, the path test found that non-state shareholder governance affects the dynamic adjustment of capital structure by reducing opportunism behavior of management rather than by financing constraints.
Study on nanocellulose isolated from waste chilli stems processing as dietary fiber in biscuits
Authors: Ma Yongjie , Chai Xuyan , Bao Hongliang , Huang Yishuo , Dong Wenbin
Published: January 2023

In order to expand the high added value of waste chilli stems and the recycling of green resources, cellulose in chilli stems was extracted by nitric acid–ethanol method, and nanocellulose was prepared by sulfuric acid hydrolysis method. The results showed that the cellulose content was between 15% and 34.5%. Under the optimum experimental conditions of 60% sulfuric acid concentration, 60°C reaction temperature and 120 min reaction time, the average yield of nanocellulose was 36.42% ±1.36%. Prepared cellulose and nanocellulose had been characterized using scanning electron microscopy, fourier-transform infrared, and x-ray diffraction analysis. The research indicated that the biscuits with acceptable overall quality could be prepared by using the dosage of nanocellulose (7%), and the corresponding biscuits had regular appearance and relatively smooth surface. The total dietary fiber content was positively correlated with different nanocellulose content. Through mice experiments, it was found that the consumption of biscuits containing nanocellulose could significantly reduce the food intake of mice and inhibit the weight growth of mice. Therefore, the research showed that whole wheat biscuits with nanocellulose could be regarded as food rich in dietary fiber. These results provided a basis for exploring the green resource recycling of chilli stems in food processing.
Self-perception of physical appearance of adolescents and associated factors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Abdo Ziyad Ahmed , Seid Semira Ahmed , Woldekiros Aynye Negesse
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Establishing a positive body image is a critical factor for adolescents’ physical and mental health, as it determines self-confidence, and sustainable individual growth and development throughout their lives. This reality needs to be supported by evidences generated locally. However, there is a lack of information in this regard in the study setting. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the self-perception of one’s physical appearance and its associated factors among adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods and materials

A community-based, cross-sectional study design was used to conduct the study. At the end of the multistage sampling procedure, a systematic random sampling technique was employed to select 308 study participants from selected districts. The questionnaire was adapted from previous studies as it was appropriate for local context. The data collectors were trained before the data collection and supervised during the data collection period, and the questionnaire was pretested. Bivariate logistic regression was used to identify candidate variables, and then variables with p<0.2 were taken to multiple logistic regressions to identify independent associated factors. Statistical significance was considered at P <0.05 with adjusted odds ratios calculated at 95% CIs.

Result

A total of 283 adolescents were participated in the study, with a response rate of 91.9%. The overall good self-perception of one’s physical appearance was 48.4% [95% CI = 43.8, 54.1]. Having a BMI between 18.5 kg/m2-24.9 kg/m2 (AOR = 2.56; 95% CI: 1.45, 4.54), presence of enough sport fields in the school (AOR = 1.89; 95% CI: 1.09, 3.29), having daily access to internet services (AOR = 1.69; 95% CI: 1.07, 2.94), following Ethiopian movies/cinemas (AOR = 2.46; 95% CI: 1.46, 4.15), and regularly following western movies/cinemas (AOR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.11, 3.59) were significantly associated with a good self-perception of one’s physical appearance.

Conclusion

According to this study, only 48.4% of respondents reported a good self-perception of their physical appearance. Adolescents and their family need to work to bring normal body mass index, which in turn will increase good self-perceptions of their physical appearance. Schools and the local administrations need to increase availability and access to enough sport fields for students to strengthen their physical fitness, which increases their good self-perception of their physical appearance.
Exercise Training Is Associated With Treatment Response in Liver Fat Content by Magnetic Resonance Imaging Independent of Clinically Significant Body Weight Loss in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Stine Jonathan G. , DiJoseph Kara , Pattison Zach , Harrington Alex , Chinchilli Vernon M. , Schmitz Kathryn H. , Loomba Rohit
Published: January 2023

INTRODUCTION:

Exercise training is crucial in the management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, whether it can achieve clinically meaningful improvement in liver fat is unclear. We investigated the association between exercise training and the achievement of validated thresholds of MRI-measured treatment response.

METHODS:

Randomized controlled trials in adults with NAFLD were identified through March 2022. Exercise training was compared with no exercise training. The primary outcome was ≥30% relative reduction in MRI-measured liver fat (threshold required for histologic improvement in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis activity, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis resolution, and liver fibrosis stage). Different exercise doses were compared.

RESULTS:

Fourteen studies (551 subjects) met inclusion criteria (mean age 53.3 yrs; body mass index 31.1 kg/m2). Exercise training subjects were more likely to achieve ≥30% relative reduction in MRI-measured liver fat (odds ratio 3.51, 95% confidence interval 1.49–8.23, P = 0.004) than those in the control condition. An exercise dose of ≥750 metabolic equivalents of task min/wk (e.g., 150 min/wk of brisk walking) resulted in significant treatment response (MRI response odds ratio 3.73, 95% confidence interval 1.34–10.41, P = 0.010), but lesser doses of exercise did not. Treatment response was independent of clinically significant body weight loss (>5%).

DISCUSSION:

Independent of weight loss, exercise training is 3 and a half times more likely to achieve clinically meaningful treatment response in MRI-measured liver fat compared with standard clinical care. An exercise dose of at least 750 metabolic equivalents of task-min/wk seems required to achieve treatment response. These results further support the weight-neutral benefit of exercise in all patients with NAFLD.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)–Based Imaging Spectroscopy for Predicting Wheat Leaf Nitrogen
Authors: Sahoo Rabi N. , Gakhar Shalini , Rejith R.G. , Ranjan Rajeev , Meena Mahesh C. , Dey Abir , Mukherjee Joydeep , Dhakar Rajkumar , Arya Sunny , Daas Anchal , Babu Subhash , Upadhyay Pravin K. , Sekhawat Kapila , SudhirKumar  , Kumar Mahesh , Chinnusamy Viswanathan , Khanna Manoj
Published: January 2023

Quantitative estimation of crop nitrogen is the key to site-specific management for enhanced nitrogen (N) use efficiency and a sustainable crop production system. As an alternate to the conventional approach through wet chemistry, sensor-based noninvasive, rapid, and near-real-time
assessment of crop N at the field scale has been the need for precision agriculture. The present study attempts to predict leaf N of wheat crop through spectroscopy using a field portable spectroradiometer (spectral range of 400–2500 nm) on the ground in the crop field and an imaging
spectrometer (spectral range of 400–1000 nm) from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with the objectives to evaluate (1) four multivariate spectral models (i.e., artificial neural network, extreme learning machine [ELM], least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and support vector
machine regression) and (2) two sets of hyperspectral data collected from two platforms and two different sensors. In the former part of the study, ELM outperforms the other methods with maximum calibration and validation R2 of 0.99 and 0.96, respectively. Furthermore, the image data set acquired
from UAV gives higher performance compared to field spectral data. Also, significant bands are identified using stepwise multiple linear regression and used for modeling to generate a wheat leaf N map of the experimental field.
Evaluation and Implementation of IT Governance Using the 2019 COBIT Framework at the Department of Food Security, Agriculture and Fisheries of Balangan Regency
Authors: Rini Audia  , Sugiantoro Bambang
Published: January 2023

The food security, fisheries and agriculture services work with local government to help the community. In carrying out its work, the government applies information technology to achieve the goals. Therefore, it is necessary to have an IT governance design to ensure the alignment of the government’s objectives and the use of IT. Governance is an important asset to measure the effectiveness and efficiency of work process improvement using IT. This research is conducted because there has never been an IT governance design assessment. The analysis and design of IT governance at government agencies are carried out using the COBIT 2019 framework to measure the level of IT capability. The research method used is descriptive qualitative by conducting interviews with influential government parties. This study obtained an IT governance design and detected important processes for the domains used, namely EDM04, APO04, APO07, APO08, APO11, BAI03, BAI08, BAI10.
Quran Memorization Technologies and Methods: Literature Review
Authors: Haryono Kholid , Rajagede Rian Adam , Negara Muhammad Ulil Albab Surya
Published: January 2023

The application of the Qur'an for the memorizers in adding and maintaining their memorization continues to grow in number. No less than 200 digital Qur'an applications are available on mobile application providers. In addition, publications on the topic of the digital Qur'an in the last ten years have also increased. Through these applications and publications, it is an opportunity to find patterns and knowledge about current topics and features. Through this knowledge, it is hoped that it can be a recommendation for a better form of digital Al-Qur'an application system, especially providing features that affect increasing the ease and quality of memorizing the Qur'an. This paper aims to explore the application of the Qur'an specifically for memorizing and papers on the topic to provide these recommendations. The method used to get the paper using PRISMA. While the applications being reviewed are taken from the AppStore. As a result, 31 papers were reviewed and 12 main applications regarding the Qur'an for memorization were obtained. Through the answers to each research question, it can be used by subsequent researchers as well as by system developers in developing Al-Qur'an products for better memorization of tense.
The Case of Lucretia - Symbolizing the Political Reality
Authors: Tanev Konstantin
Published: January 2023

The myth of Lucretia, the wife of Collatinus, raped by Sextus Tarquinius – the son of the last Roman king – is very influential in the Classical and Medieval literature, likewise in the Modern times in the different fields of science and art. Its pristine form is now lost in the distant past and it is possible to compare the sources to see several layers of its political, legal, and ethical interpretation. Following these elaborations, we find a history of different legal institutions and rhetoric argumentation. However, with the help of archaeological findings some elements of its historical image starts to appear being the model family values and religious beliefs built in the foundation of common cultural forms in Italy.
Studium práv a profesní uplatnění žen ve vybraných státech Evropy a USA od konce 19. století do 30. let 20. století
Authors: Valentová Vendulka
Published: January 2023

Women have generally been permitted to study law properly at university since the late 19th century. The first country to allow women to study at university level was the United States of America. In Europe, it has been possible for women to study law at the universities and practise it, particularly as attorneys-at-law, later than in the USA, but with equal success.
Beránek, J. Procesy s nacistickými zločinci v okupačních zónách Německa a jejich vliv na československou retribuci
Authors: Csukás Adam
Published: January 2023

Book review on Beránek, J. Procesy s nacistickými zločinci v okupačních zónách Německa a jejich vliv na československou retribuci. Praha: Leges, 2022, 340 s.
Římskoprávní Moot Court 2022
Authors: Kabát Jan
Published: January 2023

Moot Court 2022 Report
The Socio-Psychological and Cultural Motives of ASEAN Tourist
Authors: Hinlayagan Kymwell , Olivar Kiven
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to examine the level of motives of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) tourists in terms of Socio-psychological motives and Cultural motives based on the responses of ASEAN tourists. The research used descriptive method in assessing the factors affecting the decision making of ASEAN tourist to travel based on the theory of Ap and Crompton. The study used modified questionnaire designed to obtain socio-psychological and cultural motives. The research concluded that the level of ASEAN travel motivation is very high, it indicates that the ASEAN Tourists has a very high travel motive. There is no significant difference in Travel Motives of ASEAN tourist when analyzed according to the profile of respondents. Socio-Psychological Motives or Push Factors were perceived as Moderately Important, suggesting that ASEAN must improve the tourist attractions and sustain the affordable cost for living and education. Further, local government should sustain the economic and tourism stability for foreign investors.
Temporal relationships among changes in the RR‐interval and the powers of the low‐ and high‐frequency components of heart rate variability in normal subjects
Authors: Yokobori Yuji , Nakane Hayato , Uehara Chirika , Nagasawa Toru , Mitsuyama Satoshi , Ohkawa Kiyomi , Kario Kazuomi , Ozawa Seiji
Published: January 2023

Spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) is widely used as a non‐invasive method to assess the cardiovascular autonomic function. Of the two main frequency components of HRV, namely low‐frequency (LF, 0.04–0.15 Hz) and high‐frequency (HF, 0.15–0.4 Hz) components, it is generally accepted that the HF power reflects modulation of heart rate which is mediated by cardiac parasympathetic (vagal) nerve activity. In contrast, the origin and functional correlates of the LF component are still controversial. Although several lines of evidence have indicated a close correlation between LF power and the baroreflex modulation of autonomic outflows, the detailed mechanisms underlying the genesis of the LF component remain unclarified. In this study, we conducted an ultra‐short‐term (UST) spectral analysis of R‐R interval (RRI) time series using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) with 5‐ and 25‐s windows to clarify the temporal relationships among transient changes in the RRI and, LF and HF powers in healthy subjects. We found that during active standing, transient RRI increases occurred sporadically. The UST spectral analysis revealed that this RRI increase was associated with a simultaneous increase in HF power which was closely linked to the prominent LF power increase. These results indicate that during active standing, increases in LF and HF powers occur simultaneously, and they may reflect enhanced cardiac vagal activity which generates transient bradycardia.
Characterizations of the viscosity solution of a nonlocal and nonlinear equation induced by the fractional p-Laplace and the fractional p-convexity
Authors: Shi Shaoguang , Zhai Zhichun , Zhang Lei
Published: January 2023

In this paper, when studying the connection between the fractional convexity and the fractional p-Laplace operator, we deduce a nonlocal and nonlinear equation. Firstly, we will prove the existence and uniqueness of the viscosity solution of this equation. Then we will show that

u
⁢

(
x
)

{u(x)}

is the viscosity sub-solution of the equation if and only if

u
⁢

(
x
)

{u(x)}

is so-called

(
α
,
p
)

{(\alpha,p)}

-convex. Finally, we will characterize the viscosity solution of this equation as the envelope of an

(
α
,
p
)

{(\alpha,p)}

-convex sub-solution. The technique involves attainability of the exterior datum and a comparison principle for the nonlocal and nonlinear equation.
The relative Bogomolov conjecture for fibered products of elliptic curves
Authors: Kühne Lars
Published: January 2023

We deduce an analogue of the Bogomolov conjecture for non-degenerate subvarieties in fibered products of families of elliptic curves from the author’s recent theorem on equidistribution in families of abelian varieties. This generalizes results of DeMarco and Mavraki and improves certain results of Manin–Mumford type proven by Masser and Zannier to results of Bogomolov type, yielding the first results of this type for subvarieties of relative dimension

>
1

{>1}

in families of abelian varieties with trivial trace.
Uniqueness of entire graphs evolving by mean curvature flow
Authors: Daskalopoulos Panagiota , Saez Mariel
Published: January 2023

In this paper we study the uniqueness of graphical mean curvature flow with locally Lipschitz initial data.
We first prove that rotationally symmetric entire graphs are unique, without any further assumptions. Our methods also give an alternative simple proof of uniqueness in the one-dimensional case. In the general case, we establish the uniqueness of entire proper graphs that satisfy a uniform lower bound on the second fundamental form.
The latter result extends to initial conditions that are proper graphs over subdomains of

ℝ
n

{\mathbb{R}^{n}}

. A consequence of our result is the uniqueness of convex
entire graphs, which allow us to prove that Hamilton’s Harnack estimate holds for mean curvature flow solutions that are convex entire graphs.
Residual categories of quadric surface bundles
Authors: Xie Fei
Published: January 2023

We show that the residual categories of quadric surface bundles are equivalent to the (twisted) derived categories of some scheme under the following hypotheses.

•

Case 1: The quadric surface bundle has a smooth section.

•

Case 2: The total space of the quadric surface bundle is smooth and the base is a smooth surface.

We provide two proofs in Case 1 describing the scheme as the hyperbolic reduction and as a subscheme of the relative Hilbert scheme of lines, respectively. In Case 2, the twisted scheme is obtained by performing birational transformations to the relative Hilbert scheme of lines. Finally, we apply the results to certain complete intersections of quadrics.
On a class of irregular languages
Authors: Groshev Kirill I.
Published: January 2023

We present a class of irregular languages defined by means of the change of number systems.
An inverse Faraday effect generated by linearly polarized light through a plasmonic nano-antenna
Authors: Yang Xingyu , Mou Ye , Zapata Romeo , Reynier Benoît , Gallas Bruno , Mivelle Mathieu
Published: January 2023

The inverse Faraday effect (IFE) generates magnetic fields by optical excitation only. Since its discovery in the 60 s, it was believed that only circular polarizations could magnetize matter by this magneto-optical phenomenon. Here, we demonstrate the generation of an IFE via a linear polarization of light. This new physical concept results from the local manipulation of light by a plasmonic nano-antenna. We demonstrate that a gold nanorod excited by a linear polarization generates non-zero magnetic fields by IFE when the incident polarization of the light is not parallel to the long axis of the rod. We show that this dissymmetry generates hot spots of local non-vanishing spin densities (local elliptical polarization state), introducing the concept of super circular light, allowing this magnetization. Moreover, by varying the angle of the incident linear polarization with respect to the nano-antenna, we demonstrate the on-demand flipping of the magnetic field orientation. Finally, this linear IFE generates a magnetic field 25 times stronger than a gold nanoparticle via a classical IFE. Because of its all-optical character, this light–matter interaction opens the way to ultrafast nanomanipulation of magnetic processes such as domain reversal, skyrmions, circular dichroism, control of the spin, its currents, and waves, among others.
Effect of WO3 on the radiation shielding ability of TeO2–TiO2–WO3 glass system
Authors: Hussan Ghulam , Khan Sajid , Ahmad Rashid , Farooq Aamir , Anwar Muhammad Zeeshan
Published: January 2023

In this study, glass composition based on tungsten oxide (WO3) doped tellurium, titanium glasses: (100 − x − y) TeO2–xTiO2–yWO3: where (x = 5) and (y = 5, 10, 15, 20, 25) coded as TT5W5, TT5W10, TT5W15, TT5W20, and TT5W25 were investigated for shielding properties against ionizing radiation. Gamma radiation shielding parameters such as mass attenuation coefficients (MAC) are calculated through MCNPx code and Phy-X/PSD software in the energy range of 0.015–15 MeV. Obtained MAC values are then used to calculate other gamma radiation shielding parameters such as mean free path (MFP) and effective atomic number (Z
eff). Besides this, the exposure buildup factor (EBF) was also calculated by using EXABCal software at different penetration depths (PDs) in the energy range of 0.015–15 MeV. Sample TT5W25, which has a larger WO3 content of 25 mol% shows higher values of MAC and lower values of MFP among all the examined glass samples. Our investigated TeO2–TiO2–WO3 glass samples possess the lowest MFP values in comparison with the different types of concretes and commercially available shielding glasses. In addition, fast neutron shielding characteristics in light of fast neutron removal cross-section have also been computed. Glass sample TT5W25 possesses the higher values of fast neutron removal cross-section as compared to the other glass samples. The results indicate that the adding up of WO3 improves shielding against the fast neutron and gamma radiation.
Origins of the Journal of the Catholic Psychotherapy Association: Integratus
Authors: Madere Jennifer , Burnham Martin , Isacco Anthony , Erwin Brigette , Breuninger Matthew
Published: January 2023

A MISSION WITHIN A MISSION

As the inaugural issue of Integratus: The Journal of the Catholic Psychotherapy Association is published, we celebrate the actualization of one of the dreams of the founding members of our organization. The Catholic Psychotherapy Association (CPA) grew out of a small group of professionals in the Atlanta, Georgia, area who began meeting to support each other in the ethical integration of the Catholic faith in clinical practice. This original group gained recognition as a Catholic organization by Archbishop John Francis Donohue in 2002. Upon joining together with others across the United States, the first meeting of the professional organization that we now know as the CPA occurred in 2007. At that time, the eventual publication of a scholarly journal was high on the list of dreams of how the organization may one day bloom. To our knowledge, Integratus is the first journal to integrate Catholic theology and anthropology with the mental health sciences and fills a gap in the respective spheres of professional and theological scholarship.
GIDA ENDÜSTRİSİNDE SİMBİYOTİKLER, POSTBİYOTİKLER VE PARAPROBİYOTİKLER
Authors: NAKİLCİOĞLU Emine , NURKO Eda
Published: January 2023

Metabolik, fizyolojik ve immünolojik süreçleri etkileyen, mikroorganizmalar tarafından temsil edilen bağırsak mikrobiyotasının bileşiminde uzun vadeli beslenme alışkanlıkları büyük önem taşımaktadır. Beslenme ile bağlantılı olan mikrobiyota için probiyotiklerin ve prebiyotiklerin kullanımı oldukça popülerdir. Gıda sektörünün genişlemesine önemli ölçüde katkıda bulunan probiyotiklerin canlı mikroorganizma içermesi endüstriyel işlemlerde ve depolamada sorunlara sebep olabilmektedir. Son yıllarda, probiyotik ve prebiyotiklere ek olarak, probiyotik ve prebiyotiklerin kombinasyon halinde kullanıldığı simbiyotikler; mikroorganizmalar tarafından salgılanan metabolik yan ürünler olan postbiyotikler ve cansız mikrobiyel hücreler olan paraprobiyotikler oldukça ilgi görmeye başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada, simbiyotikler, postbiyotikler ve paraprobiyotiklerin işlevleri, sağlığa etkileri ve gıda sektöründeki kullanım alanları hakkında literatür taraması yapılmıştır.