bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theta oscillations mediate pre-activation of highly expected word initial phonemes
Authors: Monsalve Irene F. , Bourguignon Mathieu , Molinaro Nicola
Published: June 2018

Prediction has been proposed to be a fundamental neurocognitive mechanism. However, its role in language comprehension is currently under debate. In this magnetoencephalography study we aimed to find evidence of word-form phonological pre-activation and to characterize the oscillatory mechanisms supporting this. Participants were presented firstly with a picture of an object, and then, after a delay (fixed or variable), they heard the corresponding word. Target words could contain a phoneme substitution, and participants’ task was to detect mispronunciations. Word-initial phonemes were either fricatives or plosives, generating two experimental conditions (expect-fricative and expect-plosive). In the pre-word interval, significant differences (α = 0.05) emerged between conditions both for fixed and variable delays. Source reconstruction of this effect showed a brain-wide network involving several frequency bands, including bilateral superior temporal areas commonly associated with phonological processing, in a theta range. These results show that phonological representations supported by the theta band may be active before word onset, even under temporal uncertainty. However, in the evoked response just prior to the word, differences between conditions were apparent under variable- but not fixed-delays. This suggests that additional top-down mechanisms sensitive to phonological form may be recruited when there is uncertainty in the signal.
Comparative Analysis of Mutant Huntingtin Binding Partners in Yeast Species
Authors: Zhao Yanding , Zurawel Ashley A. , Jenkins Nicole P. , Duennwald Martin L. , Cheng Chao , Kettenbach Arminja N. , Supattapone Surachai
Published: June 2018

Huntington’s disease is caused by the pathological expansion of a polyglutamine (polyQ) stretch in Huntingtin (Htt), but the molecular mechanisms by which polyQ expansion in Htt causes toxicity in selective neuronal populations remain poorly understood. Interestingly, heterologous expression of expanded polyQ Htt is toxic in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, but has no effect in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a related yeast species possessing very few endogenous polyQ or Q/N-rich proteins. Here, we used a comprehensive and unbiased mass spectrometric approach to identify proteins that bind Htt in a length-dependent manner in both species. Analysis of the expanded polyQ-associated proteins reveals marked enrichment of proteins that are localized to and play functional roles in nucleoli and mitochondria in S. cerevisiae, but not in S. pombe. Moreover, expanded polyQ Htt appears to interact preferentially with endogenous polyQ and Q/N-rich proteins, which are rare in S. pombe, as well as proteins containing coiled-coil motifs in S. cerevisiae. Taken together, these results suggest that polyQ expansion of Htt may cause cellular toxicity in S. cerevisiae by sequestering endogenous polyQ and Q/N-rich proteins, particularly within nucleoli and mitochondria.
Expression ratio of the TGFβ-inducible gene MYO10 is prognostic for overall survival of squamous cell lung cancer patients and predicts chemotherapy response
Authors: Dvornikov D. , Schneider M. A. , Ohse S. , Szczygieł M. , Titkova I. , Rosenblatt M. , Muley T. , Warth A. , Herth F. J. , Dienemann H. , Thomas M. , Timmer J. , Schilling M. , Busch H. , Boerries M. , Meister M. , Klingmüller U.
Published: June 2018

In lung cancer a deregulation of Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGFβ) signaling has been observed. Yet, the impact of TGFβ in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (LUSC) remained to be determined. We combined phenotypic and transcriptome-wide studies and showed that the stimulation of the LUSC cell line SK-MES1 with TGFβ results in an increase of migratory invasive properties. The analysis of the dynamics of gene expression by next-generation sequencing revealed that TGFβ stimulation orchestrates the upregulation of numerous motility- and actin cytoskeleton-related genes. Among these the non-muscle myosin 10 (MYO10) showed the highest upregulation in a LUSC patient cohort of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Knockdown of MYO10 abrogated TGFβ-induced collagen gel invasion of SK-MES1 cells. The analysis of MYO10 mRNA expression in paired tissues of 151 LUSC patients with corresponding 80-month clinical follow-up data showed that the mRNA expression ratio of MYO10 in tumor and tumor-free tissue is prognostic for overall survival of LUSC patients and predictive for the response of these patients to adjuvant chemotherapy. Thus, MYO10 represents a new clinical biomarker for this aggressive disease and due to its role in cellular motility and invasion could serve as a potential molecular target for therapeutic interventions in patients with LUSC.
Controlled Defect Based Ultra Broadband Full-sized Metamaterial Absorber
Authors: Tran Manh Cuong , Le Dinh Hai , Pham Van Hai , Do Hoang Tung , Le Dac Tuyen , Dang Hong Luu , Vu Dinh Lam
Published: June 2018

Metamaterial full-sized absorber structures are numerically and experimentally investigated in GHz region and then examined in THz frequency. By manipulating monitoring the number and the position of the defect elements in conventional unit cells, the optimal integrative absorber structures are generated. The proposed structures provide an ultra-broadband absorbance in the operating frequency. The good agreement between simulation, measurement and theoretical analysis is observed with a 5 GHz-bandwidth corresponding to the absorption of 95%. In particular, we extrapolate the concept to THz region and demonstrate that, the method can be applied to increase the bandwidth of the metamaterial absorber to 5 THz, while maintaining the other characteristics. This structure can be applied to improve the performance of telecommunication systems such as micro-antenna, micro-electromagnetic transmitters and apply to imaging and sensing fields.
Wearable activity monitors to assess performance status and predict clinical outcomes in advanced cancer patients
Authors: Gresham Gillian , Hendifar Andrew E. , Spiegel Brennan , Neeman Elad , Tuli Richard , Rimel B. J. , Figlin Robert A. , Meinert Curtis L. , Piantadosi Steven , Shinde Arvind M.
Published: June 2018

An objective evaluation of patient performance status (PS) is difficult because patients spend the majority of their time outside of the clinic, self-report to providers, and undergo dynamic changes throughout their treatment experience. Real-time, objective activity data may allow for a more accurate assessment of PS and physical function, while reducing the subjectivity and bias associated with current assessments. Consenting patients with advanced cancer wore a wearble activity monitor for three consecutive visits in a prospective, single-cohort clinical trial. Provider-assessed PS (ECOG/Karnofsky) and NIH PROMIS® patient-reported outcomes (PROs) were assessed at each visit. Associations between wearable activity monitor metrics (steps, distance, stairs) and PS, clinical outcomes (adverse events, hospitalizations, survival), and PROs were assessed using correlation statistics and in multivariable logistic regression models. Thirty-seven patients were evaluated (54% male, median 62 years). Patients averaged 3700 steps, 1.7 miles, and 3 flights of stairs per day. Highest correlations were observed between average daily steps and ECOG-PS and KPS (r = 0.63 and r = 0.69, respectively p < 0.01). Each 1000 steps/day increase was associated with reduced odds for adverse events (OR: 0.34, 95% CI 0.13, 0.94), hospitalizations (OR: 0.21 95% CI 0.56, 0.79), and hazard for death (HR: 0.48 95% CI 0.28–0.83). Significant correlations were also observed between activity metrics and PROs. Our trial demonstrates the feasibility of using wearable activity monitors to assess PS in advanced cancer patients and suggests their potential use to predict clinical and patient-reported outcomes. These findings should be validated in larger, randomized trials.
Intensified Fermentation Processes and Equipment
Authors: Noorman H. J. , van Winden W. , Heijnen J. J. , van der Lans R. G. J. M.
Published: June 2018

This chapter deals with fermentation processes, converting low cost renewable feedstocks into valuable bio-products, with the help of microorganisms or mammalian cells in bioreactors or fermenters. In industrial vessels, the volumetric conversion rate, i.e. the fermentation intensity, is limited by a transport step: mass transfer, liquid mixing or cooling. In special processes where the growth of the cells is marginal, intensification is possible by active cell retention. A comparison with chemical process intensification reveals that the same four main principles are valid, i.e. (1) maximize the rate at optimal selectivity, (2) minimize the impact of substrate concentration gradients, shear rate gradients and other local differences, (3) relieve the transport limitations and (4) arrange smart integration of operation steps of which cell retention is the most important. In essence, optimized microorganisms in fermentations can be viewed as efficient, smartly integrated cell factories. The main principles are illustrated with four intensification examples, showing that debottlenecking of the oxygen transfer capacity is most important, followed by liquid mixing. The limits of fermentation intensity have been estimated for fed-batch fermentations supplied with air or pure oxygen and point at significant optimization space. In contrast, aerobic continuous fermentation is expected to remain difficult due to fundamental restrictions.
Intensification of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulose Using High Frequency Ultrasound
Authors: Adewuyi Yusuf Gbadebo
Published: June 2018

In this work, intensification of the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose was investigated using a high multi-frequency ultrasonic reactor, and the effects of ultrasound on enzyme stability were addressed. The influence of ultrasound on glucose yields was evaluated using Avicel microcrystalline cellulose and cellulase + cellobiase enzymes at 50 °C and pH 5.2. The structure of the treated cellulose was studied using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The overall effect of ultrasound was dependent upon parameters such as energy input, frequency, and irradiation duration. The best hydrolysis results occurred at 611 kHz and 104 W, with 50% and up to 70% glucose yield in 24 h and 40–50 h, respectively. The results indicated that the effect of ultrasound was mainly physical in nature. Ultrasound-induced cellulose fragmentation resulted in a surface area increase and crystallinity reduction, which increased mass transfer and, hence, the intensification of enzymatic hydrolysis leading to increased glucose yield. Overall, it appears that ultrasound and/or cavitation-assisted technologies are green techniques that have the potential to enhance hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials for biofuel production and biorefinery applications; through physical and/or chemical mechanisms, and with little or no effect on the specific activity of the complex enzyme at typical treatment conditions.
Process Intensification for Hydroprocessing of Vegetable Oil
Authors: Sinha Anil K. , Rai Aditya
Published: June 2018

Hydroprocessing of vegetable oils can be effectively done in microchannel reactors using hydroprocessing catalyst coatings. Hydroprocessing catalysts, Ni–Mo/Al2O3 and Ni–Mo/SiO2–Al2O3, during processing of vegetable oil in a microchannel reactor effectively produced more oligomerized (>C18) and heavy (C15–C18) hydrocarbon products (>95% yield). The naphtha (<C9) and kerosene (C9–C14) yields were <5% in the microchannel reactor. In comparison, <1% oligomerized products were produced in a fixed-bed reactor over both catalysts. Simulated computational fluid dynamics for triglyceride hydroprocessing suggests a uniform concentration and temperature profile inside the microchannel. Most of the triglyceride conversion (>99%) is in the first 50% volume of the microchannel plate. The simulation results indicate better heat and mass transfer inside the microchannel reactor whereas a non-uniform, thermal runaway heat and concentration profile was observed in the fixed-bed reactor, which favors secondary cracking reactions.
Intensification of Aqueous Two-phase Extraction for Protein Purification
Authors: Brandenbusch Christoph , Zeiner Tim , Merz Juliane
Published: June 2018

Within today's downstream processing of therapeutic proteins, there is an imminent need for alternatives to chromatographic separations, such as aqueous two-phase extraction. Challenges in the development and performance of aqueous two-phase extraction include a number of experiments to define appropriate process windows as well as enable multistage extraction. To reduce experimental effort, a hybrid thermodynamic model is presented in this contribution which allows the extraction system to be optimized with a smaller number of experiments. Moreover, multistage applications of aqueous two-phase extraction are presented to purify enzymes. To purify the investigated enzymes, two different apparatuses were used: namely, a mixer–settler unit and a centrifugal partition chromatograph.
Intensified Brewing Systems
Authors: Muster-Slawitsch B. , Brunner C.
Published: June 2018

Many optimizations that are done during brewing are not termed intensification, simply because process intensification is not yet a phrase known to all brewers. However, its goals are being pursued – in recent years, many process technologies have been developed with the aim of rendering the brewing process more efficient with lower energy requirements, better utilization of raw materials and shorter time requirements. Bottlenecks to intensifying the brewing process are time consuming enzymatic reactions and the fact that many processes are running at once – in mash saccharification, in boiling and in fermentation, several goals and reactions are pursued at the same time, often making it difficult to tune the process towards one specific need. In addition, large volumes are transported along the production chain. This book chapter highlights a few approaches to process intensification, and intends to show that a holistic optimization is important in brewing, as changes in one process may have implications in another.
Microporous 2D indium metal–organic frameworks for selective CO2 capture and their application in the catalytic CO2-cycloaddition of epoxides
Authors: Li Yuan-Han , Wang Sue-Lein , Su Yu-Chia , Ko Bao-Tsan , Tsai Chen-Yen , Lin Chia-Her
Published: June 2018

Four new 2D indium metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibited good catalytic activity, from CO2 and propylene oxide to cyclic carbonate.
Iron(ii) complexes of tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPMA) and neutral bidentate ligands showing thermal- and photo-induced spin crossover
Authors: García-López Víctor , Waerenborgh João C. , Vieira Bruno J. C. , Clemente-León Miguel , Coronado Eugenio
Published: June 2018

Three compounds of tetradentate TPMA and a neutral bidentate ligand with non-centrosymmetric space groups exhibit spin-crossover, which can be tuned by the bidentate ligand.
A bromo-capped diruthenium(i,i) N-heterocyclic carbene compound for in situ bromine generation with NBS: catalytic olefin aziridination reactions
Authors: Sengupta Gargi , Pandey Pragati , De Subhabrata , Ramapanicker Ramesh , Bera Jitendra K.
Published: June 2018

A bromo-capped diruthenium(i,i) complex activates NBS to produce bromine in situ, and thus catalyses bromine-mediated olefin aziridination reactions.
Phosphorescence emission and fine structures observed respectively under ambient conditions and at ca. 55 K in a coordination polymer of lead(ii)-thiophenedicarboxylate
Authors: He Jin-Yu , Deng Zheng-Rong , Liu Xiao , Qian Yin , Zou Yang , Ren Xiao-Ming
Published: June 2018

Under solvothermal conditions, a robust Pb2+-based coordination polymer (CP), [Pb(TDC)]n (1), where H2TDC is thiophenedicarboxylic acid, has been achieved.
DIBI, a 3-hydroxypyridin-4-one chelator iron-binding polymer with enhanced antimicrobial activity
Authors: Ang M. Trisha C. , Gumbau-Brisa Roger , Allan David S. , McDonald Robert , Ferguson Michael J. , Holbein Bruce E. , Bierenstiel Matthias
Published: June 2018

Depriving microorganisms of bioavailable iron is a promising strategy for new anti-infective agents.
Correction: Reassessment of long circulation via monitoring of integral polymeric nanoparticles justifies a more accurate understanding
Authors: He Haisheng , Jiang Sifan , Xie Yunchang , Lu Yi , Qi Jianping , Dong Xiaochun , Zhao Weili , Yin Zongning , Wu Wei
Published: June 2018

Correction for ‘Reassessment of long circulation via monitoring of integral polymeric nanoparticles justifies a more accurate understanding’ by Haisheng He et al., Nanoscale Horiz., 2018, DOI: 10.1039/c8nh00010g.
Correction: An effective electrochemical sensing platform for fluoride ions based on fluorescein isothiocyanate–MWCNT composite
Authors: Appiah-Ntiamoah Richard , Gadisa Bekelcha Tesfaye , Kim Hern
Published: June 2018

Correction for ‘An effective electrochemical sensing platform for fluoride ions based on fluorescein isothiocyanate–MWCNT composite’ by Richard Appiah-Ntiamoah et al., New J. Chem., 2018, DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01703d.
Nanofibrous scaffolds for biomedical applications
Authors: Stocco Thiago D. , Bassous Nicole J. , Zhao Siqi , Granato Alessandro E. C. , Webster Thomas J. , Lobo Anderson O.
Published: June 2018

Tissue engineering is an emergent and very interesting research field, providing potential solutions for a myriad of challenges in healthcare.
Ultrafast, asymmetric charge transfer and slow charge recombination in porphyrin/CNT composites demonstrated by time-domain atomistic simulation
Authors: Sarkar Ritabrata , Habib Md , Pal Sougata , Prezhdo Oleg V.
Published: June 2018

Defect-free porphyrin/CNT hybrids can maintain long-lived charge separation; porphyrins and CNTs can be used to harvest light at different wavelengths.
Water-resistant PEDOT:PSS hole transport layers by incorporating a photo-crosslinking agent for high-performance perovskite and polymer solar cells
Authors: Ha Su Ryong , Park Sumin , Oh Jae Taek , Kim Do Hui , Cho Shinuk , Bae Sung Yong , Kang Dong-Won , Kim Jong-Man , Choi Hyosung
Published: June 2018

Photo-crosslinking agent inside PEDOT:PSS film changes its intrinsic water-soluble characteristic into a water-resistant property.
A redox cycling-amplified electrochemical immunosensor for α-fetoprotein sensitive detection via polydopamine nanolabels
Authors: Xiang Haipeng , Wang Yunli , Wang Ming , Shao Yiran , Jiao Yajing , Zhu Yingchun
Published: June 2018

Utilizing polydopamine nanoparticles as label materials in the construction of electrochemical immunosensors for the first time.
Dibenzofuran-4,6-bis(oxazoline) (DBFOX). A novel trans-chelating bis(oxazoline) ligand for asymmetric reactions
Authors: Itoh Kennosuke , Sibi Mukund P.
Published: June 2018

The trans-chelating bis(oxazoline) ligand (R,R)-4,6-dibenzofurandiyl-2,2′-bis(4-phenyloxazoline) [(R,R)-DBFOX/Ph] coordinates metal ions to give C2-symmetric complexes which effectively catalyze a variety of asymmetric reactions.
A powerful dual-responsive soft actuator and photo-to-electric generator based on graphene micro-gasbags for bioinspired applications
Authors: Yang Lulu , Qi Ke , Chang Longfei , Xu Aifeng , Hu Ying , Zhai Hua , Lu Pin
Published: June 2018

High-performance dual-responsive soft actuators with internal graphene micro-gasbags are fabricated and used to realize diverse biomimetic motions.
Low-energy, nanoparticle reshaping for large-area, patterned, plasmonic nanocomposites
Authors: Mahoney Clare , Park Kyoungweon , Jawaid Ali , Kowalski Benjamin , Gillman Andrew , Tondiglia Vincent , Treml Benjamin , White Timothy , Vaia Richard A.
Published: June 2018

Light-triggered reduction and oxidation processes enable isovolumetric reshaping of AuNRs in a polymer matrix and printing of complex patterns with multiple plasmonic characteristics.
Laser filament bottom-up growth sintering for multi-planar diffraction-limit printing and its application to ultra-transparent wearable thermo-electronics
Authors: Kwon Seung-Gab , Back Seunghyun , Park Jong Eun , Kang Bongchul
Published: June 2018

Laser filament growth sintering for multi-planar 1 μm printing with 80 μm vertical tolerance and its application to ultra-transparent dehumidifying glasses.
A new up-conversion charging concept for effectively charging persistent phosphors using low-energy visible-light laser diodes
Authors: Chen Yafei , Liu Feng , Liang Yanjie , Wang Xianli , Bi Jianqiang , Wang Xiao-jun , Pan Zhengwei
Published: June 2018

We report an up-conversion charging (UCC) technique, which offers a new way to study persistent luminescence and utilize persistent phosphors
Long noncoding RNA MIAT regulates apoptosis and the apoptotic response to chemotherapeutic agents in breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Almnaseer Zainab A. , Mourtada-Maarabouni M.
Published: June 2018

The long noncoding RNA myocardial infarction associated transcript (MIAT) is involved in a number of diseases, including myocardial infarction and diabetic retinopathy. Emerging evidence suggests that MIAT expression levels are increased in different type of cancers, including breast cancer. In the present study, we further evaluated the role of MIAT in breast cancer and investigated the consequences of its silencing on breast cancer response to chemotherapeutic agents. Expression levels of MIAT mRNA in breast cancer were determined using TissueScan™ Breast Cancer cDNA Arrays. Breast cancer cell lines were transfected with MIAT specific siRNAs, with silencing confirmed using RT-qPCR and the effects on breast cancer cell survival and response to different apoptotic stimuli determined. MIAT transcript levels were significantly elevated in breast cancer samples. Such increase was specific to the early stages of the disease, ER, PR +ve, HER –ve, and triple negative breast cancer samples. Silencing of MIAT induced growth arrest and increased basal apoptosis. Reduced levels of MIAT augmented the apoptotic response of breast cancer cells to a wide range of apoptotic stimuli. Our results also showed that MIAT down-regulation was associated with a decrease in OCT4 mRNA, suggesting the existence of a MIAT/OCT4 regulatory loop, similar to that observed in malignant mature B cells. Taken together with the recent demonstration of oncogene characteristics, our observations suggest that MIAT plays an important role in breast tumorigenesis. Strategies to decrease MIAT expression levels may improve sensitivity to therapy in breast cancer by enhancing the apoptotic responses to conventional chemotherapies.
Simultaneous activation of innate and adaptive immunity participates in the development of renal injury in a model of heavy proteinuria
Authors: Faustino Viviane Dias , Arias Simone Costa Alarcon , Ferreira Ávila Victor , Foresto-Neto Orestes , Zambom Fernanda Florencia Fregnan , Machado Flavia Gomes , Machado dos Reis Luciene , Malheiros Denise Maria Avancini Costa , Volpini Rildo Aparecido , Camara Niels Olsen Saraiva , Zatz Roberto , Fujihara Clarice Kazue
Published: June 2018

Protein overload of proximal tubular cells (PTCs) can promote interstitial injury by unclear mechanisms that may involve activation of innate immunity. We investigated whether prolonged exposure of tubular cells to high protein concentrations stimulates innate immunity, triggering progressive interstitial inflammation and renal injury, and whether specific inhibition of innate or adaptive immunity would provide renoprotection in an established model of massive proteinuria, adriamycin nephropathy (ADR). Adult male Munich–Wistar rats received a single dose of ADR (5 mg/kg, iv), being followed for 2, 4, or 20 weeks. Massive albuminuria was associated with early activation of both the NF-κB and NLRP3 innate immunity pathways, whose intensity correlated strongly with the density of lymphocyte infiltration. In addition, ADR rats exhibited clear signs of renal oxidative stress. Twenty weeks after ADR administration, marked interstitial fibrosis, glomerulosclerosis, and renal functional loss were observed. Administration of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), 10 mg/kg/day, prevented activation of both innate and adaptive immunity, as well as renal oxidative stress and renal fibrosis. Moreover, MMF treatment was associated with shifting of M from the M1 to the M2 phenotype. In cultivated NRK52-E cells, excess albumin increased the protein content of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 (TLR4), NLRP3, MCP-1, IL6, IL-1β, Caspase-1, α-actin, and collagen-1. Silencing of TLR4 and/or NLRP3 mRNA abrogated this proinflammatory/profibrotic behavior. Simultaneous activation of innate and adaptive immunity may be key to the development of renal injury in heavy proteinuric disease. Inhibition of specific components of innate and/or adaptive immunity may be the basis for future strategies to prevent chronic kidney disease (CKD) in this setting.
Electrical conductivity identification of a carbon fiber composite material plate using a rotating magnetic field and multi-coil eddy current sensor
Authors: Lahrech Ahmed Chaouki , Abdelhadi Bachir , Feliachi Mouloud , Zaoui Abdelhalim , Naїdjate Mohammed
Published: June 2018

This paper proposes a contactless method for the identification of the electrical conductivity tensor of a carbon fiber composite materials plate using a rotating magnetic field and multi-coil eddy current sensor. This sensor consists of identical rectangular multi-coil, excited by two-phase sinusoidal current source in order to generate a rotating magnetic field and to avoid the mechanical rotation of the sensor. The fibers orientations, the longitudinal and transverse conductivities in each ply of carbon fiber composite material plate were directly determined with analysis of the impedance variation of each coil as function of its angular position. The inversion process is based on the use of artificial neural networks. The direct calculation associated with artificial neural networks makes use of 3D time-harmonic finite element method based on the A, V–A formulation.
Hemorrhagic Cholecystitis after Warfarin Use for Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Donn Eric , Atkinson Ian , McCague Andrew
Published: June 2018

Hemorrhagic cholecystitis is an uncommon form of acute cholecystitis which can be rapidly fatal. It may be hard to detect as it frequently presents with symptoms found in other, more common diagnoses. We report the case of a 63 year old man recently started on anticoagulation for deep vein thrombosis who was found to have hemorrhagic cholecystitis.
Modeling the energy thermalization during the formation of Z-pinch dynamic hohlraums
Authors: Li Chenguang , Xiao Delong , Ding Ning , Wang Xiaoguang , Wang Guanqiong , Sun Shunkai , Zhang Yang , Shu Xiaojian
Published: June 2018

The formation of Z-pinch dynamic hohlraums (ZPDHs) can be regarded as a two-phase process consisting of the energy thermalization and the shock propagation. Once the Z-pinch plasma impacts onto the convertor, the energy thermalization begins with two shocks generated counter-propagating in the Z-pinch plasma and the convertor, and ends when all the Z-pinch plasma has been subjected to the shock. Focused on the energy thermalization process, a simple model is built to investigate the interaction between the Z-pinch plasma and the convertor, and the matching mass ratio between them can be found by optimizing the matter temperature. The matching mass ratio is affected little by the convertor radius but sensitive to the initial mass and radius of the Z-pinch plasma. The matching relationship at higher drive current is also investigated and it is found that the matching mass ratio is mainly determined by the initial radius of the Z-pinch plasma. The application of the model to the PTS facility brings some suggestions to optimize the ZPDH.
Thermionic emission microscopy of scandium thin film dewetting on W(100)
Authors: Mroz Michael , Tenney Samuel , Savina Tatiana , Kordesch Martin E.
Published: June 2018

Scandium thin films of 5-30 nm thickness deposited on clean W(100) surfaces de-wet from the tungsten surface when heated to temperatures < 0.5 Tmelt. The dewetting temperature and the resulting droplet size are a function of the initial scandium film thickness.
Ammonia found as a catalyst in rapid and efficient all-vapor clathrate hydrate formation
Authors: DeJarnette Drew
Published: June 2018

Water molecule networks formed a clathrate hydrate stabilized by intertwined ammonia molecules that crystallized at remarkably lower pressures and more rapidly than in more conventional techniques.
Semantic and lexical processing of words across two languages in Chinese-English bilinguals
Authors: Ma Fengyang , Ai Haiyang , Guo Taomei
Published: June 2018

The present fMRI study examined the neural correlates of semantic and lexical processing in unbalanced Chinese-English bilinguals with two lexical decision tasks in both their languages. Results showed that when contrasted the participants’ responses to words with those of pseudo-words, there was no significant difference between the first language (L1) and the second language (L2), suggesting that comparable neural networks are involved in semantic processing during word recognition in unbalanced bilinguals’ two languages. However, when contrasted the neural activation patterns of words and cross strings (i.e., ++++), the weaker L2 elicited stronger activation in the left middle occipital gyrus, the left precentral gyrus, and the right superior parietal lobule, relative to the dominant L1. This indicates that more resources are engaged in lexical processing in the L2 than in the L1.
Subunit priming effects on lexical decision in Korean
Authors: Bae Sungbong , Pae Hye K. , Yi Kwangoh
Published: June 2018

There have been conflicting results in the literature regarding the dominant linguistic unit (body-coda units vs. onset-rime units) in reading Korean Hangul. In an attempt to resolve the contradictory views between the phonotactic constraint (support for body-coda) and the universal rime bias (support for onset-rime) in reading, this chapter examines subunit priming effects on rapid word recognition among native Korean readers. Thirty five university students participated in a lexical decision task using Korean words and nonwords as targets. Primes included related and unrelated bodies, rimes, and consonants of disyllabic targets. Results of a linear mixed model showed that both body and rime units played significant roles in response time. Rime primes also affected accuracy of rapid lexical decision. Unlike previous research that showed body primacy, the results indicated that both body and rime units are important in reading Korean.
On the relationship between Arabic Foreigner Talk and Pidgin Arabic
Authors: Avram Andrei A.
Published: June 2018

The paper compares morphosyntactic and lexical features of the Arabic Foreigner Talk register to those of four Arabic-lexifier
pidgins, Pidgin Madame, Jordanian Pidgin Arabic, Romanian Pidgin Arabic, and Gulf Pidgin Arabic. The comparative overview
identifies a relatively significant number of features which Arabic Foreigner Talk shares with all or with at least some of
these Arabic-lexifier pidgins. The paper proposes an account in terms of a feedback relationship whereby Arabic Foreigner Talk
and Pidgin Arabic reinforce one another in the occurrence of these features.
Signal-anchor sequences are an essential factor for the Golgi-plasma membrane localization of type II membrane proteins
Authors: Kikegawa Tatsuki , Yamaguchi Takuya , Nambu Ryohei , Etchuya Kenji , Ikeda Masami , Mukai Yuri
Published: June 2018

Despite studies of the mechanism underlying the intracellular localization of membrane proteins, the specific mechanisms by which each membrane protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and plasma membrane in the secretory pathway are unclear. In this study, a discriminant analysis of endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and plasma membrane-localized type II membrane proteins was performed using a position-specific scoring matrix derived from the amino acid propensity of the sequences around signal-anchors. The possibility that the sequence around the signal-anchor is a factor for identifying each localization group was evaluated. The discrimination accuracy between the Golgi apparatus and plasma membrane-localized type II membrane proteins was as high as 90%, indicating that, in addition to other factors, the sequence around signal-anchor is an essential component of the selection mechanism for the Golgi and plasma membrane localization. These results may improve the use of membrane proteins for drug delivery and therapeutic applications.
Effects of active site residues of 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from pseudomonas sp. b-0831 on its catalysis and cofactor binding
Authors: Shiota Ayako , Inaba Satomi , Oda Masayuki
Published: June 2018

We overexpressed and purified 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas sp. B-0831 (Ps3αHSD) and its mutants where the active site residues known as the SYK triad, Ser114, Tyr153, and Lys157, were mutated. Ps3αHSD catalyzes the reaction by using a nucleotide cofactor. The NADH binding affinity of K157A mutant was much lower than that of the wild-type, mainly due to loss of a hydrogen bond. The decreased affinity would result in decreased kcat. Compared to the wild-type, the mutants S114A and Y153F showed higher Km and lower kcat values in both oxidation and reduction reactions. Simultaneous mutation of S114A and Y153F resulted in a significant decrease in kcat relative to the single mutant. These results are supported by the notion that Tyr153 is a catalytic base and Ser114 would be a substitute. Loss of hydrogen bonding with NADH upon the Y153F mutation resulted in increased enthalpy change, partially compensated by increased entropy change.
Lycii fructus extract ameliorates hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity through indirect antioxidant action
Authors: Xu Wensi , Saiki Shunya , Myojin Takumi , Liu Yujia , Zhu Beiwei , Murata Yoshiyuki , Ashida Hitoshi , Tsunenaga Makoto , Nakamura Yoshimasa
Published: June 2018

Lycii Fructus is the dried ripe fruits of Lycium chinense and L. barbarum, which has long been used as a traditional food material in East Asia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the indirect antioxidative action in the Lycii fructus extract (LFE)-induced cytoprotective effect in vitro. LFE significantly enhanced the expression of the drug-metabolizing enzyme genes and intracellular glutathione level in mouse hepatoma Hepa1c1c7 cells. LFE stimulated the nuclear translocation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor as well as nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2. The pretreatment of LFE for 24 h, but not for 30 min, completely inhibited the cytotoxic effect of hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, chlorogenic acid, one of the main constituents of LFE, showed cytoprotection against hydrogen peroxide with the enhanced phase 2 enzyme gene expression. These results suggested that LFE exhibits a cytoprotective effect, possibly through the enhancement of the antioxidant gene expression.

abbreviations: LFE: Lycii Fructus extract; GSH: glutathione; NQO1: NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1; HO-1: heme oxygenase-1; GCLC: glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit; xCT: a component of cysteine/glutamate antiporter (cystine/glutamate exchanger); CYP1A1: cytochrome P450 1A1; GSH: glutathione; AhR: aryl hydrocarbon receptor; Nrf2: nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2; CGA: chlorogenic acid; RT-PCR: reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; DTT: dithiothreitol; PMSF: phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride; ARE: antioxidant response element; XRE: xenobiotic responsive element.
Reverse-engineering flow-cytometry gating strategies for phenotypic labelling and high-performance cell sorting
Authors: Becht Etienne , Simoni Yannick , Coustan-Smith Elaine , Evrard Maximilien , Cheng Yang , Ng Lai Guan , Campana Dario , Newell Evan W
Published: June 2018

Motivation

Recent flow and mass cytometers generate datasets of dimensions 20 to 40 and a million single cells. From these, many tools facilitate the discovery of new cell populations associated with diseases or physiology. These new cell populations require the identification of new gating strategies, but gating strategies become exponentially more difficult to optimize when dimensionality increases. To facilitate this step, we developed Hypergate, an algorithm which given a cell population of interest identifies a gating strategy optimized for high yield and purity.

Results

Hypergate achieves higher yield and purity than human experts, Support Vector Machines and Random-Forests on public datasets. We use it to revisit some established gating strategies for the identification of innate lymphoid cells, which identifies concise and efficient strategies that allow gating these cells with fewer parameters but higher yield and purity than the current standards. For phenotypic description, Hypergate’s outputs are consistent with fields’ knowledge and sparser than those from a competing method.

Availability and implementation

Hypergate is implemented in R and available on CRAN. The source code is published at http://github.com/ebecht/hypergate under an Open Source Initiative-compliant licence.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Stress Impairs Episodic Retrieval by Disrupting Hippocampal and Cortical Mechanisms of Remembering
Authors: Gagnon Stephanie A , Waskom Michael L , Brown Thackery I , Wagner Anthony D
Published: June 2018

Despite decades of science investigating the neural underpinnings of episodic memory retrieval, a critical question remains: how does stress influence remembering and the neural mechanisms of recollection in humans? Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging and multivariate pattern analyses to examine the effects of acute stress during retrieval. We report that stress reduced the probability of recollecting the details of past experience, and that this impairment was driven, in part, by a disruption of the relationship between hippocampal activation, cortical reinstatement, and memory performance. Moreover, even memories expressed with high confidence were less accurate under stress, and this stress-induced decline in accuracy was explained by reduced posterior hippocampal engagement despite similar levels of category-level cortical reinstatement. Finally, stress degraded the relationship between the engagement of frontoparietal control networks and retrieval decision uncertainty. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the widespread consequences of acute stress on the neural systems of remembering.
Consumer health-related needs of pregnant women and their caregivers
Authors: Robinson Jamie R , Anders Shilo H , Novak Laurie L , Simpson Christopher L , Holroyd Lauren E , Bennett Kelly A , Jackson Gretchen P
Published: June 2018

Objectives

To build effective applications, technology designers must understand consumer health needs. Pregnancy is a common health condition, and expectant families have unanswered questions. This study examined consumer health-related needs in pregnant women and caregivers and determined the types of needs that were not met.

Materials and Methods

We enrolled pregnant women <36 weeks’ gestational age and caregivers from advanced maternal–fetal and group prenatal care settings. Participant characteristics were collected through surveys, and health-related needs were elicited in semi-structured interviews. Researchers categorized needs by semantic type and whether they were met (ie, met, partially met, or unmet). Inter-rater reliability was measured by Cohen’s kappa.

Results

Seventy-one pregnant women and 29 caregivers participated and reported 1054 needs, 28% unmet, and 49% partially met. Need types were 66.2% informational, 15.9% logistical, 8.9% social, 8.6% medical, and 0.3% other. Inter-rater reliability was near perfect (κ=0.95, P < 0.001).

Discussion

Common topics of unmet needs were prognosis, life management, and need for emotional support. For pregnant women, these unmet needs focused around being healthy, childbirth, infant care, and being a good mother; caregivers’ needs involved caring for the mother, the natural course of pregnancy, and life after pregnancy.

Conclusion

Pregnant women and caregivers have a rich set of health-related needs with many not fully met. Caregivers’ needs differed from those of pregnant women and may not be adequately addressed by resources designed for mothers. Many unmet needs involved stress and life management. Knowledge about consumer health needs can inform the design of better technologies for pregnancy.
A Tribute to Dr Robert J. White
Authors: Lang Min , Tsiang John , Moore Nina Z , Bain Mark D , Steinmetz Michael P
Published: June 2018

Robert J. White is probably best known as the first neurosurgeon to perform successful “cephalic exchange” on monkeys in 1971. However, he was also a pioneer in the field of neurosurgery and contributed tremendously to the field of neuroanesthesia and bioethics. White received medical training at the University of Minnesota, Harvard University, Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, and Mayo Clinic before becoming the first Chief of Neurosurgery at Metrohealth Hospital in Cleveland, Ohio. He made significant strides in the field of spinal cord cooling and hypothermia. White and his team was also the first to successfully isolate the monkey brain with retention of biological activity. In 2004 and 2006, White and colleagues were nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine, with Harvey Cushing and Wilder Penfield being the only other 2 neurosurgeons ever to be nominated for the award. Aside from his career as a neurosurgeon, he was also an advisor to 2 popes and an advocate for animal research. By the end of his career, White performed over 10 000 brain operations and published over 1000 articles, which has pushed the frontiers of neurosurgical research.
Recommendations From the Common Terminology Panel of the American Council of Academic Physical Therapy
Authors: Erickson Mia , Birkmeier Marisa , Booth Melissa , Hack Laurita M , Hartmann Julie , Ingram Debbie A , Jackson-Coty Janet M , LaFay Vicki L , Wheeler Emma , Soper Shawne
Published: June 2018

Background

In 2015, the American Council for Academic Physical Therapy (ACAPT) developed 3 strategic initiative panels to address integrated clinical education, student readiness, and common terminology for physical therapist clinical education.

Objective

The purpose of this paper is to describe the results of the work from the Common Terminology Panel.

Design

This was a descriptive, consensus-based study.

Methods

Using a consensus process and data that were collected from a review of literature, a document analysis of core and historical professional documents, focus group discussions, and an online open comment period, panel members developed a glossary for physical therapist clinical education.

Results

The final glossary included 34 terms in 4 categories. The categories included clinical education infrastructure, sites, stakeholders, and assessment. The ACAPT Board of Directors approved the glossary in June 2017, and the ACAPT membership approved the glossary in October 2017.

Limitations

The focus of the glossary was on physical therapist clinical education. A future, similar project should be undertaken for physical therapist assistant clinical education.

Conclusion

This process resulted in a comprehensive glossary for physical therapist clinical education; changes to several current terms, including “internship” and “full-time clinical education experience”; and the addition of new terms, including “preceptor” and “site coordinator for clinical education.” New terminology will provide standard language for consistent communication and a common framework for all stakeholders.
A comprehensive mycofloral diversity of pedosphere, phyllosphere and aerosphere of Som. (Persea bombycina Kost.)
Authors: Ray Manjit Kumar , Mishra Piyush Kumar , Das Saurav
Published: June 2018

Sericulture is an important cottage industry of Assam producing natural silk of both Mulberry and Non-Mulberry silk. The sericulture industry is closely associated with the Assamese traditions and rituals. In non-mulberry silk, Muga silkworm which is endemic to North-East India only produce exquisite silks of golden color. Rearing of Muga silkworm is one of the important aspects to producing silk of high quality. The quality of the primary host plant i.e. Som (Persea bombycina Kost.) greatly affects the quality of cocoon and silk produced by these industries. Therefore, planting and growing a disease-free plant has its own importance in sericulture. However, Som is very susceptible to different foliar diseases caused by fungi, which can reduce the yield of leaf from 13.8 - 41.6% annually. Therefore, a comprehensive mycofloral study of the host plant is important to forecast the future diseases and design different disease management procedures. This study has been done for a period of two years from 2014 - 2016 in Goalpara district of Assam and overall mycoflora of pedosphere (rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere), phyllosphere and aerosphere were identified and correlated with the seasonal variation. The rhizosphere, air, and phylloplane was dominated by Rhizopus stolonifer (22.13%; 15.08; 24.01) while Aspergillus niger (12.63%) was the dominant flora of non-rhizosphere. Seasonal variation was found to play an important role in shaping the mycofloral community structure in soil and phyllosphere. In summer, soil was majorly dominated by Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Curvularia lunata while Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus clavatus, Penicillium chrysogenum dominated the winter soil. In phyllosphere, the Chatuwa and Jaruwa, the winter generations were mainly dominated by Rhizopus stolonifer. While as the environmental temperature gradually increased with relative humidity in Aheruwa, Bhodia, Kotia and Jethuwa generation there was a shift in diversity with a gradual increase in occurance of Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus flavus. Pestaloptiopsis disseminata one of the major pathogen of Som was found highest in aerosphere followed by phyllosphere and it was only dominated in Aheruwa generation. It was found that occurrence of P. disseminata were high when the temperature ranges between 25° - 28° with 70 −80% of relative humidity. This study provides a deep insight into the fungal diversity of host plant Som with respect to pedosphere, aerosphere, and phyllosphere and this knowledge can be used to better select the plantation area and design different disease management strategies to sustain and proliferate the industry for socio-economic development and to conserve its cultural essence.