bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multidrug Resistance of F. tularensis subsp. holarctica, Epizootiological and Epidemiological Analysis of the Situation on Tularemia in the Russian Federation in 2022 and Forecast for 2023
Authors: Kudryavtseva T. Yu. , Popov V. P. , Mokrievich A. N. , Kulikalova E. S. , Kholin A. V. , Mazepa A. V. , Borzenko M. A. , Pichurina N. L. , Pavlovich N. V. , Noskov A. K. , Trankvilevsky D. V. , Khramov M. V. , Dyatlov I. A.
Published: May 2023

The review provides concise information on the innate ability of cells of the tularemia pathogen, Francisella tularensis subsp. Holarctica, to resist antimicrobials through a variety of mechanisms, leading to its multi-resistance. In total, taking into account new territories, 120 cases of human infection were registered in the Russian Federation in 2022. Epizootic manifestations of the infection of varying degrees of intensity were detected in 58 constituent entities. Against this background, sporadic cases of tularemia in humans were reported in 18 regions of the country. An outbreak of tularemia occurred in the Stavropol Territory; the disease of mild and moderate severity was found in 76 people. The increased incidence of tularemia persists in the Republic of Karelia with severe cases of the disease in the absence of immunoprophylaxis of this infection in the region. A total of 61 cultures of the tularemia pathogen F. tularensis subsp. holarctica, out of which 20 erythromycin-resistant strains were isolated in the Stavropol Territory. In addition, 8 cultures of F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica from a silt sample and mites Dermacentor silvarum and Haemaphysalis concinna caught in the Republic of Altai were isolated. On the territory of the Russian Federation in 2022, 930 999 people were vaccinated and revaccinated against tularemia. Based on the analysis of the data obtained in 2022, epidemic complications in 2023 in the form of sporadic cases of the disease among the unvaccinated population are most likely to occur in the territories of the Central Federal District – in the Vladimir, Ryazan and Smolensk Regions; Northwestern Federal District – in the Arkhangelsk Region and the Republic of Karelia; Southern Federal District – in the Volgograd and Rostov Regions. The situation in the North Caucasian Federal District will remain tense in the Stavropol Territory; in the Volga Federal District – in the territories of the Saratov Region, as well as in the Kirov Region and the Republic of Mordovia; Ural Federal District – in Khanty-Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Districts; Siberian Federal District – in certain territories of Omsk, Kemerovo, Tomsk, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk Regions, Altai, Krasnoyarsk Territories; in the Far Eastern Federal District, the most intense epizootic activity of natural tularemia foci is in Primorsky Krai.
Leadership Style of Student Production House Organization (Case Study on Label N)
Authors: Prayogi Ichsan Adil , Yulianti Erika
Published: May 2023

The research is based on finding out how the leadership style of a production house founded by college students named Label N. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Qualitative research with a case study approach seeks to describe data in words or sentences separated by categories to obtain conclusions. Sources of data were collected through in-depth interviews regarding the leadership style applied by Label N. In the leadership style, Label N tries to establish a democratic leadership style. However, this democratic leadership style which is similar to the "four Likert system leadership style" in the fourth system, can run more smoothly if all members' views can be open in accepting each other's opinions so that when discussion no debate causes conflict. Members are also advised to keep the main focus in the discussion so as not to get out of the topic being discussed. In addition, because this leadership style is the “four Likert system leadership style" in the fourth system, we must be able to respect ideas that are data from other members, this is intended to keep things conducive to the ongoing discussions. This leadership style is also referred to as "participatory", as it allows active participation and contribution from all members in decision making
Chemical Elements Concentration, Variations in Mineral Composition, and Current Rate of Sedimentation in Sapropel Deposits of Small Lakes in the Taiga Zone of Southern Siberia
Authors: Strakhovenko V.D. , Ovdina E.A. , Malov V.I. , Malov G.I.
Published: April 2023

—We studied the bottom sediments of lake systems located in the taiga landscape of Siberia. In the south of Western Siberia, there are 11 lakes in the subzone of the south taiga and 9 lakes in the subtaiga subzone. On the territory of the south of Eastern Siberia in the taiga zone there are 10 lakes on the southern coast of Lake Baikal, 5 lakes on its east coast and 6 lakes are located on the territory of the national park “Alkhanai” in Transbaikalia. Studies of the chemical composition of water, soil, and sediment samples were conducted at the Analytical Center for Multi-Elemental and Isotope Research SB RAS, Novosibirsk. The use of a complex of modern analytical methods in the study of the same lake samples made it possible to obtain more reliable information (1861 samples of bottom sediment were studied). Quartz and feldspars of pelitic dimension dominate in the mineral composition of the terrigenous fraction, organic matter and authigenic minerals (opal, pyrite, illite and sometimes calcite) are added to them during the bottom sediments formation. The absolute contents of the studied elements in the bottom sediments of all lakes are lower than their concentrations in the upper continental crust and sedimentary rocks of the Russian Plate, with the exception of Si, Hg, Cd. In the lakes of the subtaiga of the south of Western Siberia, an exception was established for Ca in the bottom sediments of which carbonates predominate. Contents variations of a number of elements in the bottom sediments of taiga lakes in different regions do not significantly differ. The dispersion of their concentrations between lakes with a total catchment area and lakes from different regions are comparable (Ca, Sr, Al, Mn, Fe, Cd, Hg, etc.). The current sedimentation rate in natural occurrence in the lakes of the taiga zone (southern Siberia) vary from 1.1 to 2.9 mm/year. Moreover, it is comparable to the current sedimentation rate in the lakes of the forest-steppe and steppe zones of south of Western Siberia.
Ordovician Stratigraphy, Facies, Deposition Environments, Faunas, Ichnofossils, and Paleogeography of Central Tyva
Authors: Sennikov N.V.
Published: April 2023

—A large regional-scale Ordovician continental basin has been revealed for the first time in Siberia. Sedimentary structures in the Ordovician rocks of Tyva represent deposition environments of rivers, oxbow lakes, dunes, river deltas, tidal, and coastal plains. Ichnofossils record a succession from freshwater (limnic-fluvial) to deltaic and tidal facies. Integrated studies of sedimentary rocks from Central Tyva show that they were deposited on a coastal plain within a large river delta. The Central Tyva Ordovician basin was similar to the coeval basins of the Gondwanian continents in the style of clastic and redbed deposition.
SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF A COMPOUND ISOLATED FROM THE ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF CALOPHYLLUM MACROPHYLLUM SCHEFF AND TOXICITY TESTS USING THE BSLT METHOD AGAINST ARTEMIA SALINA LEACH LARVAE
Authors: Zakiah Noni , Munira M , Handayani Rini , Rasidah R , Frengki F
Published: April 2023

The Calophyllum genus has been reported to be rich in bioactive compounds that have medicinal properties. The author will also report the results of the isolation of compounds obtained from the ethyl acetate fraction of the bark of the plant C. macrophyllum Scheff, a type of Calophyllum found in Mount Kerinci, Jambi province. This paper will analyze the spectroscopic data of these compounds which include UV, IR, GC-MS, 1HNMR and 13CNMR spectra which are amplified by HMQC and HMBC spectra. The first step in bioactivity testing is the toxicity test using the BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) method using Artemia Salina Leach shrimp larvae. The results of the spectroscopic analysis obtained the chemical formula as a derivative of fatty acid methyl ester (methyl-octadec-14 enoic), in the form of a yellow liquid with a boiling point of 173-175°C. The results of the initial screening for bioactivity through the toxicity test of the BSLT method on Artemia salina Leach shrimp larvae obtained an LC50 value of 141.2 g/mL. This compound still has the potential to have certain bioactivity
Pseudo-classification of natural elements and atomic total energy prediction
Authors: Belahcene Brahim
Published: May 2023

This paper presents an artificial classification and atomic energy correlation analysis of the periodic table. The choice of data mining method is due to its robustness, which can explore intrinsic or hidden relationships between chemical elements and their properties. The Mendeleev table is probably the earliest example of the data analysis technique in materials science. However, the classical periodic table represents the arrangement of chemical elements based on specific periodicities that have the problem of continuity of properties for some chemical elements. In this research, we used one of the unsupervised data mining methods (Principal Component Analysis) to investigate the chemical elements based on all the ready properties. Our objective is to make a pseudo-classification of natural and synthetic chemical elements based on their physicochemical and energy-available properties. The results revealed the effectiveness of the data mining method in appreciating the relationships between the variables and properties that offer a new way of viewing a Mendeleev table. The last step of this work highlights the importance of predictive polynomial that allows the scientific community to make atomic total energy predictions for each natural periodic element, from helium to lawrencium.
Therapeutic effect of Ginsenoside Rb1 against mechanical trauma in a rat model of postpartum stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Chen Shaohui , Zhang Sanyuan , Wei Bingyan
Published: May 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Carbon footprint of reinforced concrete columns with and without supplementary cementitious materials
Authors: CORDOBA Gisela , IRASSAR Edgardo Fabián
Published: May 2023

Purpose
The construction sector consumes a large quantity of natural resources and generates a great deal of carbon dioxide emissions and wastes, affecting its sustainability. Replacing Portland cement with supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) could reduce the environmental impact. This paper examines the carbon footprint of reinforced concrete columns. It focuses on the influence of increasing the steel cross-section and reducing the clinker factor by replacing Portland cement with SCM.
Methods
Eighteen concrete mixtures were selected and classified according to the specified compressive strength at 28 days of curing using binary and ternary blended cements. Columns were designed consisting of such concretes and employing different reinforcing steel cross-sections. The Life Cycle Assessment was conducted on ISO 14040 standard. The embodied carbon dioxide (ECO2) of the reinforced concrete columns was determined.
Results
The results show that the higher the compressive strength of concrete, the lower the carbon footprint of the columns. Concretes with a high volume of SCM replacement and low compressive strength at 28 days do not show the lowest carbon footprint since it requires a greater volume of material to withstand the bearing capacity. The carbon footprint of the columns increases as the steel section increases. Furthermore, increasing the compressive strength of concrete is less beneficial for reducing the carbon footprint of the column when the steel cross-section is increased.
Conclusions
Portland cement is the component material of concrete that contributes the most to the concrete carbon footprint, and steel has the highest ECO2/ton. Replacing Portland cement with SCM reduces ECO2 at one point of the life cycle and may increase the material volume and ECO2 at another. The lowest carbon footprint of compressed reinforced concrete elements is achieved for the higher-strength concretes and the minimum steel cross-section.
An Overview of Publication Patterns in India's Agricultural Research Community: Journals, Open Access, and Preprints
Authors: Gutam Sridhar , Das Susmita
Published: May 2023

In April and May 2020, a survey was conducted to gather opinions and experiences regarding publications and preprints. The majority of respondents were from the agricultural science field in India. The survey revealed that the 'Journal's Impact Factor' was deemed the most important factor when choosing a suitable journal for publication. When publishing articles in Open Access, most respondents had paid Article Processing Charges, funded by various sources such as project funds, institutional support, and personal funds. While respondents expressed trust in preprints and favored institutional repositories as their preprint platform, the main drivers for sharing preprints were increased indexing, citation and visibility, and inclusion in assessments. However, the survey found that the majority of respondents had never cited preprints, nor had their preprints been cited, indicating a need for increased advocacy for preprints in India.
Microglia-derived exosomal miR-302a-3p suppresses ferroptosis to alleviate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting neuronal ferritinophagy via regulating the Keap1/Nrf2 axis Running title: The effect of BV2-Exo on cerebral I/R injury
Authors: Yu Zhengtao , Wang Lei , Zhuo Yi , Li Jiameng , Li You , Jiang Junwen , Zhang Jikun , Wang Liu , Xia Ying
Published: May 2023

Recently, the protective effect of exosomes on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury has become a research hotspot. The purpose of this study was to explore the therapeutic potential of microglia-derived exosomes on cerebral I/R injury. BV2 cell-derived exosomes (BV2-Exo) were extracted and characterized. The cerebral I/R model was constructed in vivo and intervened by using exosomes loaded with miR-302a-3p. The oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) model was constructed in vitro to simulate cerebral I/R injury. The binding sites of miR-302a-3p to Keap1 were analyzed by bioinformatics prediction and confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. A study of whether exosomal miR-302a-3p affected cerebral I/R injury via the Keap1/Nrf2 axis was carried out by overexpression of keap1 (oe-keap1). Experimental results in vivo showed exosomal miR-302a-3p significantly repaired the cognitive impairment and suppressed the cell death of hippocampal neurons induced by cerebral I/R injury. Besides, exosomal miR-302a-3p inhibited the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins NCOA4, PTGS2, and p53 in cerebral I/R-treated mice. Bioinformatics prediction and double-luciferase reporter assay showed that Keap1 was the direct downstream target of miR-302a-3p. Experiment results in vitro showed that oe-Keap1 reversed the therapeutic effect of exosomal miR-302a-3p on cerebral I/R injury via the Keap1/Nrf2 axis, promoting the high expression of NCOA4, PTGS2, and p53 and the increase of Fe2+, MDA and ROS levels. These results demonstrated that microglia-exosomal miR-302a-3p suppressed ferroptosis to alleviate cerebral I/R injury by inhibiting neuronal ferritinophagy via regulating the Keap1/Nrf2 axis.
An experimental and numerical approach for thermal performance investigation of solar flat plate collector
Authors: Singh Shiva , Mausam Kuwar , Ghosh Subrata Kumar , Tiwari Arun Kumar
Published: May 2023

The present work aims to investigate thermal performance of a solar flat plate collector using water and Cu-MWCNTs nanoparticle-based hybrid nanofluid both experimentally and numerically. X-Ray diffraction, FESEM with EDAX mapping were performed to characterize nanoparticles. The experimental setup was developed for thermal performance of FPC varying flow rates (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 lpm), inclination angle (25°, 30°, 35°, 40°, 45°), volume concentration (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%) and intensity (400 W/m2). The 3D numerical model having similar geometry as of actual flat plate collector was modeled using Fluents 15.0. The SST turbulence model was used to capture the chaotic changes in the velocity, temperature, and pressure fields. The experimental findings revealed 79.74% improvement in instantaneous efficiency at 0.4% vol., 1.5 lpm, 45° inclination angle, and 400 W/m2 intensity. The maximum deviation between the experimental and numerically calculated outlet and inlet temperature difference (ΔT) was 3.5% using a hybrid nanofluid. When numerical data are compared, instantaneous efficiency and heat gain both deviate by 2.8% and 2.9% from experimental values. Because of the numerical simulation analysis, it is possible to observe the temperature and flow pattern in flat plate collectors using nanofluids under a set of operating conditions, which would not be possible without the simulation.
What does the future hold for a thermophilus and widely introduced gecko, Tarentola mauritanica (Squamata: Phyllodactylidae)?
Authors: Rato Catarina , Silva-Rocha Iolanda , Sillero Neftali
Published: May 2023

The continuous growing and movement of the human population is increasing the frequency in translocating species from their native ranges to novel environments. However, biological invasions offer a rare opportunity to investigate how species are able to colonise and adapt to new conditions. In that sense, Ecological Niche Models (ENMs) can be a powerful tool to predict where invasive species will spread over the next decades, although they depend heavily on climatic niche conservatism between native and exotic ranges. To reduce these uncertainties, ENMs can be refined by accounting for dispersal constraints. The common wall gecko, Tarentola mauritanica is a native and widespread Mediterranean lizard that has been introduced across different tropical and sub-tropical regions. In this study, we aim to predict the potential and future distribution of T. mauritanica geckos using correlative models, its potential colonization regions under a dispersal model, and the niche overlap between native and introduced populations. The correlative models predict that the most suitable geographic areas for this gecko correspond to Mediterranean-type ecosystems, such as California, central Chile, the Cape Region of South Africa, around the Caspian Sea, south-eastern Asia, and south-western and southern Australia. The species distribution models projected to 2061–2080, forecast that the range of T. mauritanica is likely to shift towards northern latitudes but, surprisingly, not to expand. According to the dispersal models, T. mauritanica will be able to colonise a similar geographic range compared to the one obtained with the correlative models for the future. Finally, the niche overlap results demonstrate that T. mauritanica’s realised niche has not been conserved over space, as the naturalised climatic niche of the introduced populations differs significantly from its native one. The latter results suggest that there has been no climatic niche conservatism during the several introductions of T. mauritanica, and that this species seems to be able to cope with novel and more humid environments, typical from the tropics.
Extreme Weather and hydropower System: Production, Resilience, and Sustainability
Authors: sharrab Yousef , El-shebli Marwa , Eljinini Mohammad , Al-Fraihat Dimah
Published: May 2023

This paper discusses the increasing demand for energy due to population growth and civilization's rapid development and the negative impacts of using fossil fuels to generate energy, including greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. It highlights the vulnerability of the energy industry to climate change and its negative consequences on people's health. Developing countries have implemented plans to generate secure electric energy through renewable energy resources (RER) and have pledged to achieve net-zero emissions. The paper presents hydropower as a reliable alternative to fossil fuels and discusses its potential in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and decarbonizing the energy system. It also highlights the impact of climate change on hydropower and the need for global modeling of social, economic, and environmental aspects to provide sustainable RER. The paper provides evidence to support the claims made and highlights the significance of reducing greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate the effects of climate change on the energy industry and the environment.
Learning Reservoir Dynamics with Temporal Self-Modulation
Authors: Sakemi Yusuke , Nobukawa Sou , Matsuki Toshitaka , Takashi MORIE , Aihara Kazuyuki
Published: May 2023

Reservoir computing (RC) can efficiently process time-series data by transferring the input signal to randomly connected recurrent neural networks (RNNs), which are referred to as a reservoir. The high-dimensional representation of time-series data in the reservoir significantly simplifies subsequent learning tasks.
Although this simple architecture allows fast learning and facile physical implementation, the learning performance is inferior to that of other state-of-the-art RNN models. In this study, to improve the learning ability of RC, we propose self-modulated RC (SM-RC) that extends RC by adding a self-modulation mechanism.
We demonstrated that SM-RC can perform attention tasks where input information is retained or discarded depending on the input signal. We also found that a chaotic state emerged as a result of learning in SM-RC. Furthermore, SM-RC significantly outperformed RC in NARMA and Lorentz model tasks. Because the SM-RC architecture only requires two additional gates, it is physically implementable as RC, thereby providing a new direction for realizing edge AI.
Effect of straightness tolerance on unbalanced response of flexible shaft passing through critical speed
Authors: Mousavi S.M.R. , Firouz-Abadi R.D. , Mehralian Fahimeh , Roknabadi M.
Published: May 2023

Since the more destruction in rotating machinery occurs during start up or run down, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the influences of shaft bow coupling with unbalance fault on the rotor response for passing through critical speeds. The Finite element model is developed for a more realistic analysis. The Newmark-β method to solve the nonlinear lateral vibration of rotor-bearing systems is approached and the effects of various parameters including shaft bow, unbalanced mass and support parameters are shown. The results illustrate the crucial role of shaft bow when it is coupled with unbalance fault in phase of each other for passing through critical speed. As a result, in order to bring a rotor up to speed over the critical one, the source of energy can only grow the amplitude of vibration instead of angular velocity.
Exploration of saturated transport of ion concentration differences in C-S-H channels
Authors: Yu Jiao , Li Mengmeng , Jin Zuquan
Published: May 2023

Understanding the diffusion behavior of solutions containing aggressive ions in saturated C-S-H nanopores is of significant importance. This simulation provides unprecedented microscopic images that reproduce the transport of solutions in saturated C-S-H channels based on molecular dynamics. Specifically, we show that the diffusion behavior of aggressive ions is hindered in saturated pore channels compared to unsaturated transport processes, leading to their reduced permeability. Due to the electrical double layers effect, The NaCl solution invasion in C-S-H nanopores is faster compared to the overflow of aqueous solutions. The hydration shells of anions and cations undergo different changes during the intrusion of ions into the C-S-H nanopores. For chloride ions with larger hydration shell radius, the adsorption capacity of the anion is significantly weakened with increasing pore size. While the hydration shell of sodium ions is more derived from the water molecules in the NaCl and is more easily hindered by the overflow of the aqueous solution in the saturated nanopore.
Construction land reduction projects as a pathway to sustainability: an empirical analysis of risks factors in China
Authors: Mu Bingxu , Zhu Yuming , Ahmad Naveed , Zhou Jiahe , He Lei , Lin Hongli
Published: May 2023

Construction land reduction (CLR) is an effective instrument to improve intensive land use, restrict the expansion of construction land, safeguard the requisition-compensation balance of construction land in China, and realize sustainable development. But multiple risks arise from the process of construction land reduction. In that case, identifying and analyzing the key risks of CLR is the prerequisite for formulating practical policy guidelines. This study is conducted to identify the risk factors of CLR and analyze these risks based on expert opinion. Following an in-depth review of the literature, we create a contextual relationship-based model employing an integrated technique of Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) and Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification (MICMAC) analysis. Based on the ISM and MICMAC analysis, five key risks were identified, and the prevention strategies and policy recommendations for CLR project risks are put forward.
CDCA8 promotes bladder cancer survival by stabilizing HIF1α expression under hypoxic
Authors: Guo Ju , Zhou Qiang , Huang Wei , Xiong Jing , Guo Biao , Wang Xinghuan
Published: May 2023

Hypoxia is an essential feature of solid tumors. The regulatory network behind tumor cells in response to hypoxia environment is not completely comprehend. We ascertained the biochemical role of cell cycle division-related gene 8 (CDCA8) in bladder cancer (Bca) survival under hypoxia environment. In current study we revealed the expression of CDCA8 was considerably upraised in BCa. High expression level of CDCA8 was positive related with advanced Bca stage, advanced Bca stage grade and poor survival. Increased CDCA8 expression was decisive for Bca cells to survive in a hypoxic condition. CDCA8 enhanced the stabilization of HIF1α by competitively binding to AKT with PTEN and alleviating PTEN suppression to activate AKT phosphorylation, while HIF1α transcriptionally promote CDCA8 transcription, thus forming a positive feedback loop in Bca adaptation to oxygen-deficient environment. Collectively, CDCA8 promotes Bca survival under hypoxic environment by activating AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway and heightening the stabilization of HIF1α. CDCA8 is critical for Bca to adapt to oxygen deprivation and may provide a novel thinking for Bca treatment.
The Perceived Burden Among Caregivers of Deinstitutionalized Patients with Severe Mental Illness in Malaysia’s Capital City: An Interviewer Administered Survey
Authors: Ismail Halim , Ahmad Hanis , Rizal Haffiz , Hannan Wan , Azmi Fikri , Reffin Naiemy , Chan David , Baharudin Hafiz , Aris Azila , Shen Huam Zhe , Hakimi Hibatul
Published: May 2023

Background: Patients with severe mental illness often linked to a severe decline in social abilities due to disorganized behaviours depend entirely on primary caregivers. Nonetheless, without formal payment and visible reward, this force inclined into a caregiving position interfered with caregivers’ daily functions and psychological condition. Thus, our study aims to determine the prevalence of caregiver’s burden, psychological implications and associated predictors among the caregivers of severely mentally ill patients in Malaysia's capital city, Kuala Lumpur.
Methods: An interviewer-administered, cross-sectional study was conducted within six months-period involving 149 primary caregivers from outpatient psychiatric units of tertiary hospitals in Kuala Lumpur, who were selected using the single-level cluster sampling technique. The caregiver burden and psychological implication were evaluated using the validated local version of the Zarit-load-Interview Score and the DASS-21. At the same time, the association with its predictors were analyzed with a logistic model.
Results: The mean ZBI score was 31.69 ± 18.52, with 34.6% of participants experiencing caregiver burden; the majority (16.8%) suffered from a moderate burden. Anxiety is the participants' most prevalent psychological implication, accounting for 29.3%, depression at 22.1% and stress at 11.7%. Multivariate analysis indicated that the odds of experiencing burden were 29 times higher among those who concurrently have symptoms of depression, four times higher among male caregivers, and three times higher among those caring for schizophrenia patients. Being a spouse, nonetheless, reduced the risk of experiencing a burden by 84%.
Conclusion: Results indicated a significant prevalence of burden among the caregiver of severely mental-ill patients in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Among those who are male, concurrently have symptoms of depression, and provide care for schizophrenia patients are substantially associated with caregiving burden. Rigorous screening activity and support-need assessment focusing on high-risk groups are crucial. A national holistic support module and additional respite centre must be formed immediately. Without appropriate intervention, they will continue at risk of exposure to the complication of caregiver burden.
GSDMD promotes neutrophil extracellular traps via mtDNA-cGAS-STING pathway during lung ischemia/reperfusion.
Authors: Lin Fei , zhao chen , Liang Fangte , Ye Mengling , Wu Siyi , Qin Yi , Zhao Lu , Zhang Lu Lu , He Jing , Cen Liming
Published: May 2023

Lung ischemia/reperfusion injury (LIRI) is a complex pathophysiological process, with the histopathological hallmark of neutrophils migratinginto the lungs. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been suggested to exert a critical role in the pathogenesis of inflammation and infection in human and animals, while the exact functions and underlying mechanisms of NETs in LIRI remain insufficiently elucidated. In this study, we investigated the role of pore-forming protein gasdermin D (GSDMD) on NETs release in LIRI induced by lung ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). We found that disulfiram, a GSDMD inhibitor, dramatically reduced NETs release and pathological injury in lung I/R in vivoand in vitro. Additionally, GSDMD caused mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leaking into the neutrophil cytosol, and then the cytoplasmic mtDNA activated the cGAS-STING signaling pathway and stimulated NETs formation in lung I/R. Furtherly, inhibition of cGAS/STING pathway could inhibit cytosol mtDNA mediated NETs formation.
First report on Molecular Characterization of Oesturs ovis in sheep from India
Authors: Nagarajan Govindasamy , Kanagarajadurai K , Pachaiyappan K , Pandian S Jegaveera , Thirumurugan P , Rajendiran A S
Published: May 2023

Purpose Upon post mortem examination of sheep (from SRRC, Mannavanur, South India) having the history of natural death, the nasal sinuses of the animals contained dipteran larvae. The objective of the present study is to characterize the dipteran larvae species infesting the sheep being maintained at SRRC, Mannavanur, by means of COI gene based PCR.
Methods During the last week of May 2021, an Avikalin male sheep (20 months old) died suddenly. Upon Post mortem examination, the skull of the dead sheep was having of larvae in the nasal sinuses. The larvae were washed in PBS (pH 7.2) and preserved in 70 % alcohol. The larvae taken out of 70 % alcohol were thoroughly ground to make a fine powder using liquid Nitrogen in a sterile mortar and pestle. The maggot in powder form was then used for the isolation of total genomic DNA isolation. Using the isolated genomic DNA from the larvae as a template, Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene based PCR was employed using the primers designed based on the COI gene of reference isolate of Oestrus ovis available in the GenBank. Full length COI gene (1534 bp) gene of Oestrus ovis in sheep from South India was targeted in the PCR experiment. The pTZ57R/T vector was used for the cloning of the PCR amplified fragment and the confirmed recombinant plasmid was subjected to sequencing experiments. The resultant nucleotide sequences of COI gene of the O.ovis in sheep from South India was analysed with that of 29 dipteran species from different different geographical areas of the world (available in GenBank) by using standard bioinformatics tools.
Results In addition to morphological examination, based on COI gene based PCR, eventual sequencing experiments and BLAST analysis, it was confirmed that the larvae in the nasal sinuses of sheep from South India were Oestrus ovis. The South Indian isolate of Oestrus ovis is sharing 100% sequence identity both at nucleotide and amino acid levels with that of O.ovis from Spain. The North Indian isolate of O.ovis (from Jammu) exhibited 92 & and 99 % identity at respective nucleotide and amino acid levels with South Indian isolate. With other members of the subfamily Oestrinae, the share of per cent nucleotide and amino acid identities of South Indian O.ovis ranged from 85-86 % and 95-96 %, respectively. O.ovis from South India was grouped with the other members of Oestrinae from different geographical areas of the globe in the analysis of phylogenetic tree based on COI amino acid sequences.
ConclusionBased on the research findings, it is concluded that Oestrus ovis is the dipteran species infesting the sheep at Mannavanur, Tamil Nadu, India. To our knowledge, this is the first report on full length nucleotide sequences of COI gene of O.ovis in sheep from Indian subcontinent. An investigation on the report of human ocular infections and the accidental hosts for O ovis in the area of the present study has to be explored.
The sonication-assisted whisker method enables CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein delivery to induce genome editing in rice
Authors: Sugano Shigeo S , Nakamura Akiyoshi , Furubayashi Maiko , Mitsuda Nobutaka , Yano Tsubasa , Terakawa Teruhiko , Ito Seiichiro
Published: May 2023

CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing represents an unprecedented potential for plant breeding. Unlike animal cells, plant cells contain a rigid cell wall, genome editing tool delivery into plant cells is thus challenging. In particular, the delivery of the Cas9-gRNA ribonucleoprotein (RNP) into plant cells is desired since the transgene insertion into the genome should be avoided for industrial applications in plants. In this study, we present a novel RNP delivery approach in rice. We applied the sonication-assisted whisker method, conventionally developed for DNA delivery in plants, for RNP delivery in rice. Combined with marker gene delivery, we successfully isolated LCYβgenome-edited lines generated by RNPs. The calli and regenerated shoot of the LCYβmutant showed abnormal carotenoid accumulation. In addition, we also detected, although at a low frequency, genome editing events in rice calli cells by RNP delivery using the sonication-assisted whisker method without any additiona. Therefore, the sonication-assisted whisker method could be an attractive way to create RNP-based genome-edited lines in plants.
Chemical Composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of two wild olive subspecies Olea europaea subsp. europaea var. Sylvestris and the endemic Olive Olea europaea subsp.lapperinie from Algeria
Authors: Bouchoucha Sara , BOUKHEBTI Habiba , Oulmi Abdemalek , Mouhamadi Yacine , Chaker Adel Nadjib
Published: May 2023

Leaves of the Olea europaea L. species are frequently utilized in both folk and modern medicine.In nowadays are strongly valuable for their beneficial effects to treat a multitude of bacterial and inflammation-type diseases, two wild olive subspecies fixed in this research: the widespread Mediterranean Olea europaea subsp. europaea var. sylvestris and the endemic Olea europaea subsp. laperrinei from Saharan region, Despite its ecological value, the chemical composition of subsp. laperrinei oil remains unknown, the samples were harvested from the different geographical area. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS) and Gas Chromatography-flame-ionization detection (GC-FID) analysis of subsp europaea var. sylvestris allowed the identification of 29 compounds oil with Nonanal (11.82%), Theaspiranea A (9.81%), 3-hexen-1-ol,benzoate(9.31%), β-damascenone (6.87%), α-pinene (6.32%), Farnesol (6.10%) as a major constituents, while the subspecies of the Saharan region were resultedthe identification of 31 compounds where α-pinene (16%), β-Ocimene (12.82%), dl-Limonene(8.20%), Nonanal (8.18%), was the main components .The Monoterpene hydrocarbons represented the most abundant class in the two essential oils samples. The results of the disc diffusion method showed that the two volatile oils have efficient antibacterial activity but, subsp. laperrinei essential oil has a higher range of inhibition, in which P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis showed extreme sensitivity, while the K. pneumoniae bacterium shows great resistance to the two essential oils. These results demonstrated the medicinal value of olive leaves, as well as the impact of climate on the volatiles produced.
Defining nutrient ecoregions for reference nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in rivers from the major South American biomes
Authors: Tromboni Flavia , Dodds Walter , Cunha Davi , Monteiro José , Avocat Helene , Caldas Marcellus , Gücker Björn
Published: May 2023

Knowing reference (i.e., baseline) riverine nutrient concentrations is essential to understand fundamental processes of biogeochemical transport from continents to the ocean, describing ecological conditions, and informing managers of best attainable conditions for nutrient abatement and controlling anthropogenic eutrophication. We used data from 434 Brazilian watersheds representative of six South American biomes to estimate expected nutrient levels in the absence of anthropogenic influence. We used a novel watershed-based approach to describe spatial patterns throughout Brazil and for the entire Amazon basin. We found reference total nitrogen concentrations were most closely related to biome, whereas total phosphorus levels were to soil properties in addition to climatic factors influencing biomes. We found that many areas have intrinsically high background phosphorus and relatively low nitrogen, suggesting nitrogen-limitation of freshwaters could be widespread in South America, and nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterial blooms could have a competitive advantage. These results represent the first broad-scale analyses of spatial distribution of baseline nutrient levels for tropical and subtropical waters.
Trans-spinal direct current stimulation affects the corticospinal system but does not affect motor skills
Authors: Pomelova Ekaterina , Popyvanova Alena , Bredikhin Dimitri , Koriakina Maria , Ilyukina Natalya , Shestakova Anna N. , Blagovechtchenski Evgeny
Published: May 2023

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of anodal trans-spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) applied at the level of cervical spinal cord enlargement (C7–Th1 segments) on corticospinal system excitability and motor skills. The study involved 54 healthy adults aged 21.19 ± 3.2 years. Our results showed that the application of an anodal tsDCS (11-minute, 1.5 mA) affected the first dorsal interosseous muscle of the index finger when measured by motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary motor cortex. The effect of tsDCS manifested as a decrease in MEP amplitude immediately following stimulation and an increase in amplitude 15 minutes after it. The statistical analysis demonstrated that the dynamics of MEP amplitudes differed between groups receiving anodal tsDCS and sham stimulation, although anodal tsDCS did not affect motor skills production. The ability of an individual after receiving anodal tsDCS to coordinate their fingers and manipulate objects effectively in the nine-hole peg test and pressing a key in response to visual stimulus in the serial reaction time task did not differ from the sham stimulation. We also found that the motor learning factor during stimulation did not affect the change in MEP amplitude.
Leveraging Bidirectionl LSTM with CRFs for Pashto tagging
Authors: Zaman Farooq , Maqbool Onaiza , Kanwal Jaweria
Published: May 2023

Part-of-speech tagging plays a vital role in text processing and natural language understanding. Very few attempts have been made in the past for tagging Pashto Part-of-Speech. In this work, we present LSTM based approach for Pashto part-of-speech tagging with special focus on ambiguity resolution. Initially we created a corpus of Pashto sentences having words with multiple meanings and their tags. We introduce a powerful sentences representation and new architecture for Pashto text processing. The accuracy of the proposed approach is compared with state-of-the-art Hidden Markov Model. Our Model shows 87.60\% accuracy for all words excluding punctuations and 95.45\% for ambiguous words, on the other hand Hidden Markov Model shows 78.37\% and 44.72\% accuracy respectively. Results show that our approach outperform Hidden Markov Model in Part-of-Speech tagging for Pashto text.
Arbuscular mycorrhizae selectively suppress soil ammonia oxidizers – but not via constitutive production of biological nitrification inhibitors
Authors: Sun Daquan , Kotianová Michala , Rozmoš Martin , Hršelová Hana , Bukovská Petra , Jansa Jan
Published: May 2023

Aims: Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi forming root symbioses can improve acquisition of nutrients including nitrogen (N) from soils, which could lead to host plant growth improvements. We previously showed that application of AM fungal necromass to the rhizosphere could stimulate plant growth by as yet unknown mechanism. Here we tested how the effects on plant N could be explained by interactions between AM fungi, living or dead, and one important group of soil prokaryotes in soil N cycling, the ammonia oxidizers (AO) carrying out the first step of nitrification. We were interested in whether the necromass contained any significant biological nitrification inhibitory (BNI) activity that could explain previously suggested antagonism between the AM fungi and the AO.
Methods: To this end we set up a compartmented pot experiment with Andropogon gerardii as a host plant, which included rhizosphere (amended with living or dead AM fungal biomass) and a root-free zone. The latter contained a mesh bag with 15N-labelled plant litter.
Results: Inoculation with living AM fungi generally enhanced plant biomass and nutrient acquisition, including the 15N transfer from mesh bags to the plants, while significantly suppressing AO bacterial but not archaeal populations in the mesh bags. In contrast, the amendment with AM fungal necromass had minimal effect on plant biomass and nutrient acquisition, but actually stimulated both AO bacteria and archaea in the rhizosphere of non-mycorrhizal plants.
Conclusions: Thus we reject the possibility that AM fungi suppress the AO via an elusive BNI production but rather the substrate (ammonium) competition.
First Observation of Fluid-like Eddy-dominant Bursty Bulk Flow Turbulence in the Earth’s Tail Plasma Sheet
Authors: Zhang L. Q. , Wang Chi. , Baumjohann W. , Wang R.S , Wang J. Y. , Burch James L. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V.
Published: May 2023

Turbulence is a ubiquitous phenomenon in neutral and conductive fluids. According to classical theory, turbulence is a rotating flow containing vortices of different scales. Eddies play a fundamental role in the nonlinear cascade of kinetic energy at different scales in turbulent flow. In conductive fluids, the Alfvénic/kinetic Alfvénic wave (AW/KAW) is the new "cell" of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence (frozen-in condition). Wave energy, which has equal kinetic and magnetic energy, is redistributed among multiple-scale Fourier modes and transferred from the large MHD scale to the small kinetic scale through the collision of counter-propagating Alfvénic wave packages propagating along the magnetic field line. Fluid-like eddy-dominant plasma flow turbulence has never been found in space since the launch of the first satellite in 1957. In this paper, we report the first observation of eddy-dominant turbulence within magnetic reconnection-generated fast flow in the Earth’s tail plasma sheet by the Magnetospheric Multiscale Spacecraft (MMS). Our findings shed new light on the nonlinear kinetic and magnetic energy cascade in MHD turbulence.
Association between BNT162b2 vaccination and health-related quality of life up to 18 months post-SARS-CoV-2 infection in Israel: A cross sectional survey
Authors: Edelstein Michael , Kuodi Paul , Gorelik Yanay , Zayyad Hiba , Wertheim Ofir , Wiegler Karine Beiruti , Jabal Kamal , Dror Amiel , Elsinga Jelte , Nazzal Saleh , Glikman Daniel
Published: May 2023

We determined whether COVID-19 vaccination was associated with Quality of Life (QoL) changes among individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Israel. Using a validated questionnaire, we collected information about socio-demographics, SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 vaccination and QoL (using the EQ-5D-5L tool) 3–18 months post-infection among adults tested for SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction in Northern Israel between March 2020-June 2022. We compared post-COVID QoL between those vaccinated against COVID-19 at the time of infection and those not, using an adjusted linear regression model, stratified by time elapsed since infection. Of 951 participants, mean EQ-5D Utility Index (EQ-5D UI) was 0·82 (SD = 0·26) and 0·83 (SD = 0·25) among the 227 double and 250 triple vaccinated respectively, compared to 0·76 (SD = 0·33) among those who received 0 dose (n = 243). In the adjusted model, previously infected individuals vaccinated with two or more doses reported a 0·05 increase in QoL score post- infection (CI = 0·01–0·10, p = 0·02) compared with those unvaccinated when infected. No association between vaccination and QoL was detected beyond 12 months post-infection. Vaccination with two or more doses of COVID19 vaccine, or at least the BNT162b2 vaccine, may partly mitigate QoL losses associated with post-acute COVID-19 symptoms, at least in the first 12 months post-infection.
Estrogen receptor α confers Nab-paclitaxel resistance in breast cancer by promoting miR199a-5p maturation to inhibit Caveolin 1 translation
Authors: Zhang Jianping , Wang Zuo , Zhu Liyuan , Wang Chaoqun , Zhong Yiming , Ying Pingting , Wang Hanying , Li Qinglin , Feng Lifeng , Wang Xian , Jin Hongchuan
Published: May 2023

Background Estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer patients are poorly responsive to Nab-paclitaxel compared to ER negative (ER-) breast cancer patients. Herein, we conducted an investigation regarding the mechanism for ERα confers Nab-paclitaxel resistance in breast cancer.Methods Retrospectively reviewed 116 cases of breast cancer treated with nab-paclitaxel between Jan 2008 and May 2022 in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital. StataSE 16 software was used to analyze the basic conditions and therapeutic effects. Protein-RNA interactions were validated through RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull-down assays. In vitro and in vivo experiments were carried out to testify the effect of ERα on Nab-paclitaxel resistance.Results We show that ERα limits the efficacy of nab-paclitaxel in breast cancer while genetic or pharmacological inhibition of ERα has a synergistic effect with Nab-paclitaxel. Meanwhile, CAV1 expression is negatively correlated to ERα and relevant to the better clinical benefits of Nab-paclitaxel treatment. Importantly, ERα stimulates miR199a-5p maturation to antagonize m6A modification of CAV1 mRNA, thus inhibiting its translation.Conclusions Our results define a novel role of ERα miR199a-5p/CAV1 axis responsible for nab-paclitaxel resistance and propose combining ER antagonist with nab-paclitaxel as a perspective strategy for ER + breast cancer patients.