bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apoio Mútuo e Evolução
Authors: Reis Claudio Ricardo Martins dos
Published: December 2024

A ciência não é livre de valores. Piotr Kropotkin foi um renomado naturalista, bem como o anarquista mais lido do século XX. Meu objetivo neste ensaio é analisar seu pensamento evolutivo, tal como expresso em sua principal obra Apoio Mútuo: um fator de evolução (1902). Eu exponho teses centrais da teoria evolutiva de Kropotkin, situando-as em seu contexto e à luz do conhecimento atual. Basicamente, nosso autor defendia que (1) as espécies não são fixas, isto é, modificam-se ao longo do tempo; (2) essa modificação não segue um plano divino; (3) as espécies possuem um ancestral comum; (4) o ambiente produz e seleciona características vantajosas nos organismos; (5) a “luta pela vida” é mais vantajosa quando os organismos se associam do que quando eles competem entre si; e (6) as vantagens da associação (apoio mútuo) lhe conferem um caráter progressivo na evolução, fornecendo as bases para a ética e para o socialismo anarquista. A natureza cooperativa e progressiva da teoria de Kropotkin oferece um excelente modelo para abordar o papel de valores na ciência.
Tradición Iberoamericana de los Derechos Humanos
Authors: Font-Oporto Pablo
Published: December 2024

El objetivo de este artículo es situar contextualmente y explicar algunas de las bases de la acción y el discurso de la corriente de la Tradición Iberoamericana de los Derechos Humanos (TIDH). La llegada de los europeos a América fue abordada por la Escuela ibérica de la Paz desde las premisas de una tradición que esbozó una Modernidad católica diferente a la Modernidad hegemónica. La influencia de esas visiones permitió que el proyecto de la Monarquía hispánica en general, y para el Nuevo Mundo en particular, contase con una importante dimensión ético-religiosa. Las contradicciones entre ese proyecto y la realidad de la acción de los españoles en las Indias Occidentales conformaron el marco que suscitó las denuncias y las realizaciones teórico-prácticas de los misioneros que, llegados al nuevo continente desde la Península ibérica, iniciaron la TIDH. El reconocimiento de la común dignidad humana será el fundamento para la construcción de un discurso que empleará los derechos humanos universales como instrumento de defensa de los pueblos amerindios y afroamericanos, llevando a su mejor desarrollo las ideas de la Escuela ibérica.
The Evolution of Travel Booking
Authors: Sowmya G. , Sridevi R , Sadasivarao K. S.
Published: December 2024

This chapter examines the evolution of travel booking, highlighting key developments from traditional methods to blockchain solutions. Initially reliant on brick-and-mortar travel agencies and phone reservations, the industry was transformed by the internet and Online Travel Agencies (OTAs), which offered increased convenience and real-time updates through mobile technology. Social media and metasearch engines further influenced booking behaviour, while AI and machine learning enabled personalized recommendations and predictive analytics. The rise of the sharing economy introduced peer-to-peer platforms like Airbnb and Uber. Recently, blockchain technology has promised enhanced transparency and security. Despite these advancements, challenges such as security concerns and user adoption persist. Future trends, including augmented reality (AR), voice-activated bookings, and sustainable travel solutions, are poised to shape the industry's future.
Decentralized Identity Verification
Authors: Manna Asmita , Sarode Rohini Yogesh , Patil Rachana Yogesh , Ranjanikar Manjiri R.
Published: December 2024

With the advent of e-tourism services, airlines, hotels, and other hospitality-related enterprises are able to attract global customers. Therefore, a smart and efficient decentralized identity management system integrated with document management is the need of the hour. In this chapter, a blockchain and decentralized identifier-based system is proposed that will enable the service requesters to verify the identity and authenticity of the documents by exploiting the on-chain and off-chain data; making the process safe, reliable, and hassle-free. A model called Self-Sovereign-Identity (SSI) is employed in this work to develop a decentralized application that is secure, transparent, and user-centric. To ease the storage issues, the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) is used for storing the DID (Decentralized Identifiers) documents and Verifiable Credential certificates. In addition to the proposed model, a few case studies are provided for in-depth analysis of the concepts. This chapter also discusses the practical challenges while implementing the system and future prospects.
Cloud-Enabled Platforms for Social and Civic Engagement in Smart Urban Environments
Authors: Sah Rohan Kumar , Singh Abhishek Kumar , Yadav Anil Kumar , Mohapatra Hitesh
Published: December 2024

Cloud-enabled platforms thus herald a new social and civic technology for interactions within smart urban settings. This paper seeks to understand how these platforms can help to redefine or transform current experiences of urban existence. Through a literature review and analysis of prior research, the study provides insight into possibilities and risks of integrating cloud technology in boosting citizens' engagement, governance and sustainability of communities. The case study focuses on analyzing the technological environment of smart cities and stressing the importance of the cloud as an enabler of system integration. It examines how cloud-based application incorporate the citizens into the decision-making processes within the cities to make them more. Moreover, it assesses the potential of ethical issues and the rules and regulations that regulate the use of cloud-enabling technology, especially in data privacy, security, and accountability. Despite these limitations, research limitations and biases and the realization that Smart Cities may differ geographically, they propose future research directions for the growth of this field. Some of these are the increase in developing themes such as blockchain & AI, multidisciplinary integration & sound governance which address the implementing of cloud technology in the urban setting.
Transforming Urban Waste Management
Authors: Kothai G. , Pandiya Rajan G. , Shyam Sundhar G. , Sourav S.
Published: December 2024

Urbanization and population growth pose significant challenges to sustainable waste management in modern cities. This paper explores innovative strategies and sustainable solutions aimed at addressing these challenges to enhance environmental sustainability and resource efficiency. It begins by outlining the evolution of waste management practices from traditional methods to modern, legislatively influenced systems that prioritize recycling, waste segregation, and environmentally friendly disposal techniques. Key technologies such as smart waste collection systems, IoT-enabled monitoring, and advanced recycling technologies are discussed for their role in optimizing waste management processes and promoting the circular economy. Case studies from global cities illustrate successful implementations, highlighting effective waste reduction policies and integrated management systems that minimize landfill usage and mitigate environmental impact.
Energy-Efficient Building Design and Green Construction Practices for Smart Cities
Authors: Sajane Swapnil Shivaji , Kulkarni Vivek Vishnu , Sajane Roopali Swapnil , Patil Pankaj Jingonda
Published: December 2024

The Chapter discusses the urgent need for sustainable solutions in the built environment, highlighting the connection between green construction and energy-efficient design amidst resource depletion and climate change concerns. It outlines environmental challenges posed by traditional building practices, emphasizing the shift towards sustainable development. The benefits of energy-efficient building design and green construction practices are detailed, covering economic, environmental, and societal advantages. Topics include smart home technologies, Building Information Modeling (BIM), life cycle assessments, water efficiency methods, and certification standards like LEED and BREEAM. The chapter concludes by examining the role of artificial intelligence (AI) and government policies in enhancing green building techniques and creating a resilient, ecologically conscious built environment. Overall, it provides a comprehensive resource for stakeholders interested in promoting sustainable construction practices.
Secure and Intelligent Smart Parking
Authors: Asmare Mikiyas Getachew , Kumar Vishal , Singh Sushil K. , Ravikumar R. N. , Khan Nasrullah
Published: December 2024

Smart parking systems are increasingly essential for managing urban congestion and improving the efficiency of parking space utilization. Despite advancements, these systems face significant challenges, including security vulnerabilities, inefficient space allocation, and inadequate real-time data processing. To address these issues, our paper proposes the integration of Blockchain (BC), Federated Learning (FL), and Digital Twin (DT) technologies, offering a transformative solution for smart parking management. BC ensures a decentralized and tamper-proof ledger for secure transactions and data integrity. FL facilitates collaborative learning of parking patterns while preserving user privacy. Digital Twin technology simulates real-time traffic flow and predicts future parking availability, optimizing resource utilization. The paper also explores the benefits of this integrated approach, potential open problems, and future research directions to advance smart parking systems further.
The Influence of Readability of Financial App Privacy Policy on Enterprise Performance
Authors: Xia Huosong , Xu Changlong , Zhang Justin Z. , Jasimuddin Sajjad M. , Li Xinyu
Published: December 2024

From the perspective of the inhibition of privacy computing theory, taking user satisfaction as risk perception, this paper discusses how the readability of financial APP privacy policies inhibits user satisfaction, thus affecting enterprise performance. Firstly, this paper measures the readability of privacy policies by constructing a professional vocabulary and an improved Fog Index formula. Secondly, this paper collects 615 APP privacy policies and corresponding enterprise data and empirically analyzes the impact of the readability of financial APP privacy policies on enterprise performance. This paper enriches research in the field of financial technology and empirically finds that the readability of financial technology APP privacy policies has a negative impact on enterprise performance, while user satisfaction has a positive impact on enterprise performance. In practice, this paper provides a reference for financial technology enterprises to improve the readability of APP privacy policies to improve user satisfaction and enterprise performance.
Leaf-Shaped Nanostrip Fed Graphene Plasmonic Nano-Antenna for Optical Near-Field Applications
Authors: Kavitha Shekhara , Singh Ashish , Saxena Ravi Shankar , Aneesh Mohammad , Kumari Kamakshi
Published: December 2024

The manuscript investigates the leaf-shaped nanostrip-fed graphene plasmonic nanopatch on a silicon dioxide surface for optical near-field applications. The dispersion properties of graphene and silicon dioxide are demonstrated through Drude and Lorentz modeling to examine the suitability of the materials for the plasmonic nano-antenna design. The nano-antenna parameters TSUB (substrate thickness), W (width of the nanostrip feed line) and RL(nano-antenna size) are adjusted to modify the plasmonic resonance frequency from 7.9 THz to 40.9 THz. The proposed leaf-shaped nanostrip-fed graphene plasmonic nanopatch exhibits a reflection of -43.27 dB at 36 THz with a gain of 8.19 dB at TSUB =125 nm, W = 40 nm and RL = 50 nm.
Simulations of Physical Properties of Alkoxy-Azoxybenzene Liquid Crystalline Homologous Series and Comparison with Experimental Results
Authors: Sushma M. , Mahadeva J. , Manju V.V. , Nandaprakash M.B. , Hegde Vinayakprasanna N. , Srinivas P. , Somashekar R.
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the intricate inter- and intra-molecular interactions that govern the range and nature of mesophases observed in homologous series of liquid crystalline materials. Using computational modelling, we compared the results with reported experimental values for several members of the series. Our analysis focused on various parameters, including lattice energy, orientational order parameter, moduli, stress-strain behaviour, Helmholtz free energy, orientational distribution function, zero-point energy, and molecular polarizabilities. Our findings reveal a strong correlation between the computational results and experimental data, providing valuable insights into the mesophases of these compounds. This alignment underscores the significance of our approach in understanding the fundamental behaviors of liquid crystalline materials.
Failure Analysis of Al 6082 Joints Processed by FSW and SFSW
Authors: Duma Iuliana , Popescu Radu Nicolae , Perianu Ion Aurel , Botila Lia-Nicoleta , Binchiciu Emilia-Florina , Marin-Corciu Matei , Dobrin Emilia
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a failure analysis of Al 6082 joints processed by Friction Stir Welding (FSW) and Self-Reacting Friction Stir Welding (SFSW) techniques. Aluminium alloy Al 6082 is commonly used in structural and automotive applications due to its excellent strength, corrosion resistance, and weldability. The study focuses on investigating the failures encountered in FSW and SFSW joints of Al 6082. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations are conducted to analyse the root causes of these failures. Macroscopic observations include visual inspection, dimensional measurements, and identification of fracture locations. Microscopic investigations utilize techniques such as optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to examine the microstructure, fracture surfaces, and elemental composition of the failed joints. The results of this failure analysis contribute to the understanding of Al 6082 joining processes using FSW and SFSW methods. By identifying the failure mechanisms and proposing preventive measures, this research aids in improving the quality and performance of Al 6082 joints, thereby ensuring the integrity and reliability of joined structures in industries that rely on aluminium alloys for critical applications.
Study of the Photocatalytic Efficiencies and Characteristics of Cu Doped TiO2 Coating on Reticulated Stainless Steel Mesh
Authors: Yang Chih Chi , Huang Yi Chu , Tsai Yung Pin
Published: December 2024

This study involves the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light using reticulated stainless steel that is coated with copper-doped TiO2. Steel meshes of three different grades are used in the experiment: 50 mesh, 120 mesh and 400 mesh. The coating process coats an average of 0.3 mg/cm2 of Cu–TiO2 on the 50 mesh and the 120 mesh and 0.2 mg/cm2 on the 400 mesh. SEM and XRD characterization show that the roughness of the mesh wire surface increases as the amount of coating is increased. All three types of mesh remove approximately 50% of MB, when coated with 1 mg/cm2 of CuO-TiO2. When the amount of coating is increased to 2.5 mg/cm2, the order for the photocatalytic degradation of MB for the three meshes is 120 mesh (93%) > 400 mesh (91%) > 50 mesh (86%). However, when the amount of coating is further increased to 2.5 mg/cm2, there is no significant difference between the three mesh groups, in terms of MB residue. The study demonstrates that the photocatalytic efficiency is affected by the surface area and thickness of the membrane that forms over the mesh openings.
FHIT suppresses inflammatory carcinogenic activity by inducing apoptosis in esophageal epithelial cells
Authors: Mimori Koshi , Yokobori Takehiko , Iwatsuki Masaaki , Sudo Tomoya , Tanaka Fumiaki , Shibata Kohei , Ishii Hideshi , Mori Masaki
Published: December 2024

We focused on the mechanism by which FHIT suppresses neoplastic transformation in normal but damaged esophageal epithelial cells exposed to inflammatory stimuli in vivo and to chemo-radiotherapy in clinical samples. For in vitro analysis, Adenoviral-FHIT (Ad-FHIT) in TE4 and TE2 were used for microarray analysis. For in vivo analysis, wild-type (WT) FHIT and FHIT-deficient (KO) C57BL/6 mice were exposed to N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA) and to a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor (COXI). Considering DNA damage on clinical samples, expressions of FHIT, BAX and PCNA were evaluated by comparing between 3 cases of esophageal cancer cases of the chemo-radiotherapy responder and 7 cases of the non-responder. In in vitro analysis, we listed the down-regulated genes in Ad-FHIT that significantly control Lac-Z infected cells, such as prostaglandin E receptor 4, cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2. In in vivo analysis, FHIT-KO mice were much more susceptible to tumorigenesis than were FHIT-WT mice. A significant difference in PGE2 activation was observed between FHIT-WT mice (5.2 ng/mL) and FHIT-KO mice (28.4 ng/mL) after exposure to NMBA in the absence of COXI as determined by ELISA assay (P less than 0.01). BAX expression was significantly higher in FHIT-WT (1.0±0.43) than in FHIT-KO (0.17±0.17) (P less than 0.05). The IHC score for FHIT and BAX expression was significantly higher in responders than the others (P less than 0.05). FHIT possesses tumor suppressor activity by induction of apoptosis in damaged cells after exposure to inflammatory carcinogens and DNA damaging chemo-radiotherapy.
MicroRNAs in mouse models of lymphoid malignancies
Authors: Zanesi Nicola A.O. , Pekarsky Yuri , Trapasso Francesco , Calin George , Croce Carlo M.
Published: December 2024

The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) has revealed a new layer of gene expression regulation that affects many normal and pathologic biological systems. Among the malignancies affected by the dysregulation of miRNAs there are cancers of lymphoid origin, in which miRNAs are thought to have tumor suppressive or tumor promoting activities, depending on the nature of their specific targets. In the last 4-5 years, the experimental field that provided the deepest insights into the in vivo biology of miRNAs is that of mouse modeling in which transgenic and knockout animals mimic, respectively, over-expression or down-regulation of specific miRNAs involved in human leukemia/lymphoma. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of lymphoid malignancies based on the natural and engineered mouse models of three different miRNAs, miR-15a/16-1 cluster, miR-155, and miR-17-92 cluster.
Body fluid micro(mi)RNAs as biomarkers for human cancer
Authors: Sauter Edward R. , Patel Neel
Published: December 2024

Accepted tools for early cancer detection run the gamut from Pap staining to detect cervical cancer detection to colonoscopy and biopsy for colorectal cancer detection to imaging (mammogram and, in high risk women, magnetic resonance imaging) and biopsy for breast cancer detection. These modalities use standard cytopathologic assessment to determine if disease is present. There are few biologic (DNA, RNA, protein or carbohydrate) markers (biomarkers) that are in general use for the detection of any cancer, or to identify individuals at increased cancer risk. Biomarkers have been identified that provide information to physicians on disease prognosis. Panels of biomarkers are being developed to predict response to treatment in individuals with known cancer, and some are currently in use. Nonethless, there is a great need to identify accurate biomarkers for the early detection of a new cancer, to identify individuals at increased cancer risk, and among those with cancer, to determine their likelihood of responding to a given treatment, risk of disease relapse and death. Micro (mi)RNAs hold promise as biomarkers for determining at risk individuals, for early cancer detection, and among those with cancer, to assess how likely a person is to respond a given treatment, their risk of disease recurrence and death.
Role of microRNAs in solid tumors
Authors: Hamano Rie , Ishii Hideshi , Miyata Hiroshi , Doki Yuichiro , Mori Masaki
Published: December 2024

Accumulating experimental evidence indicates that microRNAs play important roles in various biological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, metabolism and apoptosis. In addition, several reports concluded that altered expression of specific microRNA genes contributes to the initiation and progression of cancer. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about aberrant expression of various microRNAs in human solid cancers (e.g., lung, breast, and gastric cancers), their target proteins, and the relationship between their expression and response to chemotherapies. We also review the potential for using microRNAs as biomarkers for the diagnosis and cancer therapy. The development of treatment strategies against human solid cancers based on the profile and/or certain features of microRNAs is promising.
A modified Phenol-chloroform extraction method for isolating circulating cell free DNA of tumor patients
Authors: Hufnagl Clemens , Stöcher Markus , Moik Martin , Geisberger Roland , Greil Richard
Published: December 2024

Searching for new cancer biomarkers, circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has become an appealing target of interest as an elevated level of cfDNA has been detected in the circulation of cancer patients in comparison with healthy controls. Since cfDNA can be isolated from the circulation and other body fluids of patients without harming their physical condition, cfDNA is becoming a promising candidate as a novel non-invasive biomarker for cancer. The challenge in the diagnostic analysis of cfDNA is its very low presence in human plasma/serum and its partially strong fragmentation. Here we evaluated a modified phenol/chloroform extraction method for the isolation of cfDNA and compared it with published standard methods for cfDNA isolation.
Effects of intracuff and intravenous lignocaine on recovery from anaesthesia after thyroid surgery. A single-centre randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial (The IOLANT study)
Authors: Efremov Sergey M. , Kulikov Alexey Y. , Govorushkina Valeria P. , Sidorov Daniil D. , Ladutko Alexey A. , Kuleshov Oleg V.
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims:

Despite evidence that local intracuff alkalinised lignocaine may reduce the incidence of exaggerated laryngeal reflexes after thyroid surgery, its effects on the quality of recovery (QoR) from anaesthesia remain unknown. This study aimed to test if local intracuff alkalinised lignocaine improves the QoR from anaesthesia after thyroid surgery compared to placebo.

Methods:

Patients over 45 years old scheduled for thyroid surgery with electromyographic monitoring under general anaesthesia were enroled in a randomised, single-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. They were randomised into three groups (1:1:1 ratio): intravenous lignocaine (IVL), topical and intracuff lignocaine (TL), and placebo. The sample size was initially set at 231, but the study was terminated early after an interim analysis of 110 patients showed no significant difference between groups. The primary outcome was the QoR-40 score 24 hours post-surgery. Secondary outcomes included rates of arterial hypotension, coughing during emergence, bispectral index (BIS) values, and electromyographic monitoring characteristics.

Results:

An interim analysis after 110 patients showed mean QoR-40 scores of 185 (standard deviation(SD): 11.4) (placebo), 186.1 (SD: 13.6) (IVL), and 185.1 (SD: 14.3) (TL) (P = 0.662). Mean differences were 1.1 (IVL vs placebo, 95%CI: −5.03, 7.15, z = 0.347) and 0.1 (TL vs placebo, 95%CI: −6.02, 6.23, z = 0.035). The study was stopped due to lack of effectiveness as the superiority of IVL and TL was not demonstrated. No differences were found in secondary outcomes.

Conclusion:

Neither IVL nor TL improved the QoR from anaesthesia and did not affect electromyographic monitoring in low-risk thyroid surgery.
5-point airway (5-AIR) ultrasound protocol for confirmation of endotracheal intubation and position in paediatric patients undergoing surgery: A prospective observational study
Authors: Baruah Adhiraj , Ahmad Zainab , Waindeskar Vaishali , Jain Shikha , Chanchlani Roshan , Mandal Pranita , Agarwal Amit , Agarwal Shristi
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims:

We devised and compared the accuracy and time required for a 5-point airway (5-AIR) ultrasound (USG) protocol for confirming endotracheal intubation (ETI) and endotracheal tube (ETT) positioning (ETP) with the current reference standard of quantitative waveform capnography (QWC) and auscultation.

Methods:

In this prospective observational study, 75 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II children between 2 and 12 years undergoing elective surgery were recruited. ETI and ETP were confirmed clinically and sonographically using the 5-AIR USG protocol, which involves real-time tracheal USG followed by bilateral pleural and diaphragmatic ultrasonography.

Results:

There was no oesophageal intubation in this study; hence, the accuracy of the USG protocol for ETI could not be determined. For ETP, 68 patients had correctly placed ETTs. The 5-AIR USG protocol identified 4 out of 7 endobronchial placements, resulting in a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 57.14%, and an overall diagnostic accuracy of 96%. The mean time for confirmation of ETI by QWC (20.77 s (standard deviation (SD): 4.11 s; 95% confidence interval (CI): 19.84, 21.70) was longer than real-time tracheal USG (2.11 s (SD: 0.31 s; 95% CI: 2.04, 2.18) (P = 0.001). For ETP, the mean time for 5-point auscultation was 12.69 s (SD: 2.48 s; 95% CI: 12.19, 13.25) versus 6.39 s (SD: 0.54 s; 95% CI: 6.27, 6.51) for pleural USG (P = 0.001). Adding diaphragmatic scanning increased the mean time to 11.45 s (SD: 0.87 s; 95% CI: 11.25, 11.65) and 30.68 s (SD: 2.01 s; 95% CI: 30.22, 31.13) if a probe change was required (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

The 5-AIR USG protocol was useful, fast, and demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy to confirm endotracheal intubation and position in paediatric patients. This protocol may be incorporated along with clinical signs, auscultation, and QWC to confirm endotracheal intubation and position.
Assessment of implant stability with resonance frequency analysis and changes in the thickness of keratinized tissue and crestal bone level using cone-beam computed tomography in two-stage implants: A three-dimensional clinicoradiographic study
Authors: Singh Neha , Rajesh Nichenametla , Ramesh Amirisetty
Published: December 2024

Background:

The present study aims to evaluate a three-dimensional (3D) changes in the crestal bone levels (buccally, lingually/palatally, mesially, and distally) and in the thickness of keratinized tissue around single or multiple implants using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) after 1 year.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-eight implants were placed in the posterior load-bearing areas in 10 patients. The crestal bone levels and the thickness of keratinized tissue surrounding the edentulous area were assessed preoperatively, immediately after implant placement, and 1 year after implant placement using CBCT (3D imaging technique with DICOM software (Carestream Health, Rochester, NY)). Implant stability quotient (ISQ) was measured immediately after implant placement using resonance frequency analysis (RFA) (Penguin RFA Monitor Osseointegration, Integration Diagnostics Sweden AB, Furstenbergsgatan 4 416 64 Göteborg, Sweden).

Results:

The average crestal bone loss around the implants after 1 year was 0.78 ± 0.26 mm on the buccal side, 0.63 ± 0.27 mm on the lingual side, 0.57 ± 0.18 mm on the mesial side, and 0.53 ± 0.28 mm on the distal side. The average amount of bone loss including all sites was 0.63 ± 0.17 mm and the mean change in keratinized tissue thickness after 1 year was 0.3 ± 0.19 mm. The RFA ranged from 75 to 82 Nm for all the implants immediately after placement.

Conclusion:

CBCT can be used as a reliable source, as it is compararively more superior and precise than intraoral periapical radiographs in measuring the changes in the bone and thickness of the keratinized tissue before and after implant placement. A thick biotype of the keratinized tissue is as important as the bone topography for the success of the implant. ISQ measurements immediately after implant placement can also act as a major factor in depicting the success of the implant in the future.
Management of mucogingival defect following excision of multiple gingival squamous cell papillomas using VISTA – A case report with 24 months follow-up
Authors: Shetty Sharath K. , Kulloli Anita , Gopalakrishnan Dharmarajan , Kheur Supriya , Zadeh Homayoun H.
Published: December 2024

Oral squamous cell papilloma is a benign proliferation of the stratified squamous epithelium, associated with the human papillomavirus (HPV). The clinical manifestation includes papillary or verrucous exophytic mass. Complete excision of the lesion, including normal margins, followed by histopathological examination is the treatment of choice. However, mucogingival defect may be observed after excision of the lesion, requiring management by perioplastic surgery. In this report, a 27-year-old male with an unremarkable medical history reported multiple sessile growths on his gingiva. The masses were located in the left maxillary canine and mandibular premolar regions, exhibiting finger-like projections with white and pink surface color. The lesions were removed by excisional biopsy and submitted for histopathologic examination. After excision, type II noncervical carious lesions (NCCLs) became exposed that were previously covered by papilloma outgrowths. Miller’s class I/RT1 recession defects that were present were managed by vestibular incision subperiosteal tunnel access (VISTA) in concert with amnion-chorion membrane (ACM) with 24 months’ follow-up. In this case report, mucogingival defects that resulted after the excision of multiple gingival squamous cell papillomas were managed by VISTA in concert with ACM. A favorable outcome was achieved that was stable during the 24-month follow-up.
Comparative evaluation of coronally advanced flap and semilunar coronally repositioned flap, using platelet-rich fibrin in Miller’s Class I recession defects: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Saifi Sumbul , Gummaluri Shiva Shankar , Rani Avantika , Manjunath Rayashettypura Gurushanth Shiva
Published: December 2024

Background:

For a periodontist, treating recession is always a proud moment and a challenging task. The current trial aimed at comparing and clinically evaluating semilunar coronally repositioned flap (SCRF) and coronally advanced flap (CAF) procedures combined with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in the management of Miller’s Class I recession defects.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty-six recession sites were randomly divided into the CAF or SCRF groups. Gingival thickness (GT), root coverage percentage (%RC), plaque index (PI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured at baseline and 3 and 6 months. Recession height (RH), recession width (RW), and width of keratinized tissue (WKT) were also measured. With significance set at p=/<0.05 and <0.001, the Chi-square test was used to analyze intragroup data and the paired t-test was used to analyze intergroup differences.

Results:

Intragroup comparison showed a statistical significance for all the clinical parameters i.e. RW (P = 0.00*), RD (P = 0.00*), CAL (P = 0.00*), and GT (P = 0.042*) of the CAF group except for PD (P = 1.00) and WKT (P = 0.331) whereas, the SCRF group showed statistical significance for WKT (P = 0.001*) and GT (P = 0.00*). Remaining parameters of SCRF group were non-significant when compared from baseline to 6 months (P > 0.05). Further, intergroup comparison showed no significant difference in both the groups for all the parameters except for %RC where significance was reported at 1 month (P = 0.015*) and 3 months (P = 0.013*) when compared from baseline to 6 months.

Conclusion:

Root coverage is better in CAF with PRF than SCRF with PRF, in the treatment of gingival recession. PRF helped in soft-tissue healing and increased in GT.
Comparative evaluation of the pontic shield technique versus whole tooth extraction on labial crestal bone resorption using cone-beam computed tomography in the maxillary anterior region: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Jadhav Mallinath Govind , Agrawal Amit Arvind , Mahale Swapna Arunkumar , Sethi Kunal , Kale-Bachhav Triveni Ashok
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Following tooth extraction, there is comparatively more bone loss at the buccal aspect at 3 months of healing, which may result in 56% bone loss due to resorption of the bucco-facial ridge contour. In the socket shield technique, a tooth is planned for extraction in such a way that the tooth is sectioned in two halves, a palatal section is removed and the facial part is retained.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-six sites, i.e., 13 sites requiring partial tooth extraction (test sites) and 13 sites with whole tooth extraction (control sites), in the maxillary anterior region were included. In each patient, at least two sites were included (one test and one control). After both procedures, a collagen sponge was placed in the socket and sutured with silk suture. The height of the labial crestal bone and width of the socket at both sites were evaluated by the cone-beam computed tomography examination preoperatively at baseline and after a 3-month follow-up period.

Results:

The mean differences in labial crestal bone height and socket width from baseline to 3 month follow up were significantly lower in the test group than in the control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Labial crestal bone resorption was significantly less at the site where the pontic shield technique (PST) was used than at the site with whole tooth extraction. The reduction in socket width (bucco-lingually) was also significantly less at the site where the PST was used compared to whole tooth extraction sites.
Gingival tissue evaluation using soft tissue-cone-beam computed tomography and root coverage esthetic score in the treatment of isolated gingival recession: A clinical study
Authors: Ravindran Navina , Sudhakar Uma , Mithradas Nimisha , Suresh Snophia , Lakshmi Kotaru Jhansi , Steffy J.
Published: December 2024

Objectives:

Comparative assessment of the effectiveness of coronally advanced flap (CAF) with subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) and the envelope technique with SCTG in Miller’s Class I recession utilizing soft tissue-cone-beam computed tomography (ST-CBCT) and root coverage esthetic score (RES).

Materials and Methods:

Twenty patients were randomly assigned to Group I (CAF + SCTG) and Group II (envelope technique + SCTG) using the coin toss method, with 10 patients in each group. Recession height (RH) and width (RW), probing pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and keratinized tissue height (HKT) were assessed at baseline and 6 months. The thickness of keratinized tissue (TKT) using transgingival probing (TGP) and ST-CBCT and the RES were recorded at the 6th month.

Results:

On intragroup comparison, statistically significant difference was seen in the clinical parameters RH, RW, PD, CAL, and HKT, whereas on intergroup comparison, no significant difference was seen at baseline and 6 months. TKT was statistically significant at 6 months between the groups using TGP (P = 0.01) and ST-CBCT (P = 0.01). No statistical difference was seen between the methods in Group 1 (P = 0.61) and Group 2 (P = 0.62). No statistical significance was seen in the RES score (P = 0.10).

Conclusion:

The study indicates the effectiveness of both the techniques, with the envelope technique demonstrating superior esthetics. Moreover, the research highlights the significance of ST-CBCT as an emerging alternative tool for assessing gingival dimensions.
Radiomics based Machine Learning Models for Classification of Prostate Cancer Grade Groups from Multi Parametric MRI Images
Authors: Zandie Fatemeh , Salehi Mohammad , Maziar Asghar , Bayatiani Mohammad Reza , Paydar Reza
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

This study aimed to investigate the performance of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) radiomic feature-based machine learning (ML) models in classifying the Gleason grade group (GG) of prostate cancer.

Methods:

In this retrospective study, a total of 203 patients with histopathologically confirmed prostate cancer who underwent mpMRI before prostate biopsy were included. After manual segmentation, radiomic features (RFs) were extracted from T2-weighted, apparent diffusion coefficient, and high b-value diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWMRI). Patients were split into training sets and testing sets according to a ratio of 8:2. A pipeline considering combinations of two feature selection (FS) methods and six ML classifiers was developed and evaluated. The performance of models was assessed using the accuracy, sensitivity, precision, F1-measure, and the area under curve (AUC).

Results:

On high b-value DWMRI-derived features, a combination of FS method recursive feature elimination (RFE) and classifier random forest achieved the highest performance for classification of prostate cancer into five GGs, with 97.0% accuracy, 98.0% sensitivity, 98.0% precision, and 97.0% F1-measure. The method also achieved an average AUC for GG of 98%.

Conclusion:

Preoperative mpMRI radiomic analysis based on ML, as a noninvasive approach, showed good performance for classification of prostate cancer into five GGs.

Advances in Knowledge:

Herein, radiomic models based on preoperative mpMRI and ML were developed to classify prostate cancer into 5 GGs. Our study provides evidence that analysis of quantitative RFs extracted from high b-value DWMRI images based on a combination of FS method RFE and classifier random forest can be applied for multiclass grading of prostate cancer with an accuracy of 97.0%.
Electrocardiographic abnormalities in patients with chronic liver disease: suggestions for cirrhotic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Njideofor Uchenna , Okonkwo Uchenna , Ansa Victor , Odigwe Clement
Published: December 2024

Background:

Cardiac dysrhythmia is a silent complication of chronic liver disease (CLD), notably liver cirrhosis, which is rarely sought for. However, its presence could indicate the development of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, and in conditions of stress such as infections, it could contribute to mortality.

Objective:

We aimed to evaluate the electrocardiographic abnormalities in patients with CLD.

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study carried out at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, over a 12-month period, which recruited 80 patients who had CLD and 80 age-/gender-matched apparently normal controls. All patients were interviewed, examined, and underwent resting electrocardiography. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20.0.

Results:

A total of 160 patients were recruited, out of which 73.8% were males, while 26.2% were females. The mean age of patients with CLD was 42.0 ± 12.6 years. Prolongation of the QTc interval was the most prevalent ECG abnormality, with a prevalence of 36%. The prevalence of disturbances in heart rate and conduction abnormalities was not significantly different between the CLD and control groups.

Conclusion:

Prolonged QT interval is prevalent in patients with CLD compared to apparently healthy controls.
Multidisciplinary collaboration in treatment of obstructive jaundice secondary to large biliary staghorn stone in a Nigerian: A case report
Authors: Akinola Oluwaseun , Ninalowo Hammed , Ogunbiyi Halimah , Oluyemi Aderemi
Published: December 2024

The increasing local deployment of minimally interventional radiology procedures as therapy for benign and malignant causes of obstructive jaundice in Nigeria is noteworthy. The procedures, however, have limitations. This report details an innovative multi-specialist approach to one such drawback. In our report, following a successful cholangiogram, sphincteroplasty was not possible for the removal of a large common hepatic duct staghorn calculus and multiple stones proximal to it. As standard cholangioscopic lithotripsy equipment was not available, recourse was made to the expertise of a urologist who deployed a flexible digital ureteroscope to fragment the large stone with thulium laser under direct cholangioscopic vision. This facilitated the removal of the said stone the other smaller proximal stones with no complications and prompt reversal of the clinical presentation of the patient. We highlight this case to show the significance and role of creative and collaborative thinking in the care of high-end minimally invasive procedures in our resource-limited locality.
Battery Digital Twin with Edge Deployment
Authors: Sarkar Prasanta , Pardeshi Rutuja , Kharwandikar Anand , Kondhare Manish
Published: December 2024

Today's battery management systems include cloud-based predictive analytics technologies. When the first data is sent to the cloud, battery digital twin models begin to run. This allows for the prediction of critical parameters such as state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), remaining useful life (RUL), and the possibility of thermal runaway events. The battery and the automobile are dynamic systems that must be monitored in real time. However, relying only on cloud-based computations adds significant latency to time-sensitive procedures such as thermal runaway monitoring. Because automobiles operate in various areas throughout the intended path of travel, internet connectivity varies, resulting in a delay in data delivery to the cloud.

As a result, the inherent lag in data transfer between the cloud and cars challenges the present deployment of cloud-based real-time monitoring solutions. This study proposes applying a thermal runaway model on edge devices as a strategy to reduce processing costs and delays. When computer functions are shifted to the edge, battery management systems become more responsive and cost-effective. This is accomplished through improved time and cost efficiencies. Furthermore, this will ensure a rapid and efficient client experience, perhaps giving OEMs a competitive advantage in the digital technology arena.
Evaluating Emerging Powertrain Technologies for Sustainable Automotive Transportation
Authors: Hebbale Ramkumar Ramya , Trivedi Shubham
Published: December 2024

As we move towards sustainable transportation, it is essential to look for alternative powertrain technologies that might reduce emissions and depend less on fossil fuels. This paper offers a thorough analysis and comparison of several viable solutions along with their benefits, cost and conclusion for hydrogen fuel cells, solar cells, electric hybrid systems, compressed natural gas (CNG) and CNG hybrid systems alongside the latest proposal of using nuclear batteries.

Hydrogen cars have zero emissions from their exhaust and can be refueled quickly, however there are some drawbacks like hydrogen production, storage, and infrastructure. The efficiency, affordability, and scalability of various hydrogen production techniques, fuel cell stack designs and storage technologies (compressed gas, liquid, and metal hydrides) are evaluated in this paper.

Solar FCEVs on the other hand, are designed to utilize solar energy like Solar EVs but are very different in their operation and fundamentals. This paper provides a detailed comparison between the two.

Hybrid EVs combine an internal combustion engine with an electric motor and battery, giving advantages of both the systems. We detail various hybrid architectures (series, parallel and power-split) and energy management strategies, to assess their performance, fuel savings and emission reduction capabilities.

CNG vehicles and CNG hybrid vehicles are a cleaner alternative, and they serve as a transition solution from a non-renewable fossil fuel to a renewable energy source. We investigate CNG storage systems, engine modification and the possibility of using renewable natural gas (RNG) to lower the potential carbon footprint.

The paper also presents revolutionary idea of nuclear batteries which use the high energy density of radioactive materials to power automobiles. We review current and potential nuclear battery designs, including betavoltaic cells and miniaturized fission reactors, with a focus on their theoretical energy density, safety characteristics, and regulatory hurdles.

This research offers issues for consideration by automotive manufacturers, policymakers, and researchers in making rational decisions and prioritizing the research towards sustainable mobility with a trade-off between the environmental footprint, energy efficiency, and practical feasibility.
Electromagnetic Interference Measurement Study from Various Electric Drive Train
Authors: Mulay Abhijit B , M Gokul , Patel Jinay M
Published: December 2024

The article presents radio frequency electromagnetic emission measurement results from a Vehicle semi-anechoic chamber (VSAC) with different electric drivetrains under loading conditions. The measurements are conducted based on AIS 004 part-3 and CISPR 12 standard guidelines in which radiated broadband emissions in the frequency range of 30 MHz to 1 GHz using quasi-peak detector is measured [1, 2, 3]. Categories of vehicles such as Two-wheeler and three-wheeler drivetrains are selected for this study. Typically, the measurements are done with no road loading condition as per standard recommendation. However, in this paper, we studied the effects of loading conditions with the help of a chassis dynamometer. The study examines and discusses how various vehicle architectures behave under different conditions.
Assessment of Performance and Emissions from a Hybrid Vehicle Integrated with a Low Temperature Combustion Engine Undergoing a Drive Cycle
Authors: Marwaha Tejasva , Khedkar Nikhil Dilip , Sarangi Asish Kumar
Published: December 2024

In the last decade, the increased global temperature, stringent regulations, and customer demand for high fuel economy have led to the accelerated development of alternative propulsion solutions, with particular focus on electrified vehicles. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), the combination of electric machinery with conventional powertrains, allows diversifications of powertrain architectures. In addition, it has been demonstrated that engines employing advanced low temperature combustion concepts, such as dual fuel reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI), and able to operate on both renewable and conventional fuels, produce ultra-low nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions while maintaining thermal efficiency similar to conventional diesel operation at part load operating conditions. This study aims to investigate the potential of integrating a gasoline-diesel RCCI engine in an HEV in achieving reduced fuel consumption and lower NOx and PM emissions compared to a conventional diesel powertrain. In this work a combination of engine experimental data and a vehicle powertrain simulation tool (AVL CRUISE) is employed to determine the vehicle level emissions and performance of a commercial vehicle on the worldwide harmonised light-duty vehicles test cycle (WLTC). In order to assess the emissions, the powertrains are simulated utilising both conventional diesel combustion (CDC) and RCCI-CDC dual combustion mode engines as the primary power sources. For a series hybrid vehicle, NOx emissions decreased by 67% and soot emissions decreased by 70% compared to a CDC vehicle. However, the combustion efficiency decreased in the RCCI mode, resulting in a significant increase in total hydrocarbon (THC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. Moreover, the implementation of the HEV technology results in decreased fuel consumption, leading to a 40% reduction in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions compared to the CDC vehicle. These results indicate the potential of HEVs, particularly when equipped with RCCI-CDC dual combustion mode engines, to achieve reduced fuel consumption and emissions, thereby offering a promising solution for sustainable transportation.