bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pekińska reforma lotniczego prawa karnego – geneza, istota, rekomendacje
Authors: Walulik Jan
Published: November 2018

Artykuł poświęcony jest problematyce lotniczego prawa karnego i aktualnym przemianom w tym zakresie. Autor podsumowuje bieżący kształt systemu międzynarodowego karnego prawa lotniczego i omawia jego ogólną charakterystykę, najważniejsze postanowienia obowiązujących konwencji oraz wdrażające je przepisy krajowe. Ponadto wskazuje wady obowiązujących regulacji, które wymienia się jako przesłanki reformy. W drugiej części opracowania autor opisuje nowatorskie rozwiązania aktów przyjętych podczas międzynarodowej konferencji w Pekinie w 2010 r., tj. konwencji pekińskiej oraz protokołu pekińskiego, obecnie oczekujących na wejście w życie oraz ratyfikację w kraju. Podsumowanie artykułu stanowią rekomendacje i uwagi dotyczące implementacji tych aktów w Polsce. Obejmują one wskazania co do przyjęcia pewnych rozwiązań fakultatywnych oraz ewentualnych zmian w prawie karnym.
Następstwa nowelizacji Prawa upadłościowego i naprawczego wprowadzonych na przestrzeni lat 2009-2011
Authors: Mirowska Dorota , Mirowski Waldemar
Published: November 2018

Zasady wspólnego dochodzenia roszczeń wierzycieli od niewypłacalnych dłużników w Polsce reguluje ustawa z 28 lutego 2003 r. – Prawo upadłościowe i naprawcze, która weszła w życie 1 października 2003 r. Od tego momentu była ona wielokrotnie nowelizowana. Ostatnie znaczące, zdaniem autorów, nowelizacje miały miejsce 6 marca 2009 r., 22 października 2010 r. oraz 9 czerwca 2011 r. W literaturze wskazuje się na potrzebę wprowadzenia kolejnych zmian w ustawie. W artykule przeanalizowano ekonomiczne i prawne skutki wymienionych nowelizacji dla upadającego przedsiębiorcy, jego wierzycieli oraz pozostałych interesariuszy postępowania upadłościowego. Zaprezentowano możliwy wpływ wprowadzonych zmian na przejrzystość procedur upadłościowych. Podjęto również próbę oceny trafności i istotności wprowadzonych zmian.
Bitcoin – wirtualny eksperyment czy waluta przyszłości?
Authors: Perez Katarzyna , Urbaniak Michał
Published: November 2018

Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu przybliżenie istoty bitcoin oraz jest próbą odpowiedzi na pytanie, jaką rolę elektroniczna moneta odegra na globalnym rynku finansowym w przyszłości. W pierwszej kolejności w artykule przedstawiono dwa sposoby definiowania bitcoin oraz mechanizm emisji tej monety i obrotu w Internecie. Na tej podstawie wyodrębniono zalety i wady elektronicznej monety w kolejności ich ważności. Następnie zaprezentowano dotychczasową genezę rynku bitcoin, co pozwoliło na zidentyfikowanie i uszeregowanie determinant jego rozwoju. Wśród nich za najistotniejsze uznano ograniczoną podaż bitcoin i rosnący nań popyt, pogłębianie się globalnego kryzysu zadłużeniowego, stopniowe wprowadzanie przejrzystych regulacji prawnych, utrzymanie wiarygodności dotyczącej emisji monet oraz rosnącą akceptację tej formy płatności przez użytkowników Internetu. Na koniec rozważań o bitcoin przedstawiono możliwe zastrzeżenia zgłaszane przez biernych obserwatorów rynku, które wciąż pozostają bez jednoznacznej odpowiedzi. W podsumowaniu przyjęto stanowisko pośrednie, nadające bitcoin status nowatorskiego wynalazku, który dzięki swojej hybrydowej naturze może być pierwszym krokiem do pieniądza przyszłości.
Patriotyzm konsumencki: próba spojrzenia socjologicznego
Authors: Skoczylas Łukasz
Published: November 2018

Artykuł opisuje zjawisko patriotyzmu konsumenckiego i stanowi próbę połączenia go z konstruktami „starego”, tradycyjnego oraz „nowego” patriotyzmu. Pokazuje, że patriotyzm konsumencki może być analizowany z obydwu tych perspektyw. Opisuje również, jak lokalni przedsiębiorcy wykorzystują patriotyczne nastawienie konsumentów w swoich kampaniach marketingowych.
Patent europejski o jednolitym skutku – konstrukcja prawna i treść
Authors: Nowicka Aurelia
Published: November 2018

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie regulacji prawnych zmierzających do utworzenia jednolitej ochrony patentowej, przewidzianych w rozporządzeniu Rady i Parlamentu Europejskiego nr 1257/2012 wprowadzającym wzmocnioną współpracę w dziedzinie tworzenia jednolitego systemu ochrony patentowej oraz w rozporządzeniu Rady nr 1260/2012 wprowadzającym wzmocnioną współpracę w dziedzinie tworzenia jednolitego systemu ochrony patentowej w odniesieniu do mających zastosowanie ustaleń dotyczących tłumaczeń. Ze względu na ścisłe powiązanie obu rozporządzeń z umową międzynarodową mającą utworzyć nowy system rozstrzygania sporów patentowych analizie została poddana również wspomniana umowa międzynarodowa, tj. Porozumienie w sprawie Jednolitego Sądu Patentowego. Po zwięzłym przedstawieniu obecnego stanu ochrony patentowej w państwach członkowskich Unii Europejskiej, wynikającej z patentów europejskich i patentów krajowych, autorka analizuje 1) konstrukcję prawną patentu europejskiego o jednolitym skutku, przyjętą w rozporządzeniu nr 1257/2012; 2) treść praw przyznanych patentem europejskim o jednolitym skutku, na którą składają się: prawo zakazania bezpośredniego korzystania z wynalazku oraz prawo zakazania pośredniego korzystania z wynalazku. Ostatnia część tej analizy obejmuje ograniczenia skutków patentu. Jak podkreśla autorka, przepisy regulujące treść patentu i jego ograniczenia dotyczyć będą nie tylko patentów europejskich o jednolitym skutku, lecz także „klasycznych” patentów europejskich. Autorka formułuje krytyczną ocenę wymienionych aktów prawnych. Jeśli Polska ratyfikuje Porozumienie o Jednolitym Sądzie Patentowym, patenty europejskie o jednolitym skutku będą obowiązywać w naszym kraju, co będzie miało wysoce niekorzystne konsekwencje prawne i gospodarcze, zwłaszcza dla małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw. Wysoce negatywne konsekwencje wynikać będą również z faktu przekazania przez Polskę jurysdykcji w sprawach patentowych na rzecz sądu międzynarodowego, którym będzie Jednolity Sąd Patentowy. Dopuszczalność przekazania kompetencji w tej dziedzinie budzi poważne zastrzeżenia co do zgodności z Konstytucją Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej.
Bezpieczeństwo zbiorowe a suwerenność państw
Authors: Diallo Boubacar Sidi
Published: November 2018

Przedmiotem niniejszych rozważań, dotyczących współczesnych stosunków międzynarodowych są z jednej strony suwerenność, a z drugiej – bezpieczeństwo międzynarodowe oraz analiza związku pomiędzy systemem bezpieczeństwa zbiorowego a suwerennością państw w kontekście utrzymania trwałego pokoju i stabilności na świecie. Państwa są tradycyjnie przywiązane do idei suwerenności, jednakże do najbardziej charakterystycznych cech stosunków międzynarodowych naszych czasów należy narastanie różnego rodzaju zagrożenia, zarówno ze strony państwa (np. Iran, Korea Północna), jak i ze strony innych podmiotów (np. Al-Kaida). Bezpieczeństwo i suwerenność to dwa podstawowe pojęcia w literaturze i doktrynie prawnomiędzynarodowej. Dzieje się tak z dwóch powodów: po pierwsze – głównymi aktorami w stosunkach międzynarodowych są państwa, będące suwerennymi podmiotami, a stosunki czy też współpraca między nimi oparte są w zasadzie na poszanowaniu owej suwerenności; po drugie – kwestia bezpieczeństwa jest podstawowym zagadnieniem i warunkiem niezbędnym do wykonywania w pełni suwerennych praw tychże państw oraz zapewnienia współpracy międzynarodowej i rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego. W artykule tym poruszono również problem konieczności instytucjonalizacji legalnego użycia siły, zarówno w organizacjach ogólnoświatowych, jak i na gruncie struktur regionalnych organizacji międzynarodowych, aby szybko i skutecznie zarządzać sytuacjami i konfliktami zagrażającymi pokojowi i bezpieczeństwu międzynarodowemu. W artykule zwrócono również szczególną uwagę na rolę i miejsce organizacji międzynarodowych w procesie utrzymania pokoju i bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego, zarówno na poziomie ogólnoświatowym, jak i regionalnym.
Determination of trace fluoroquinolones in water solutions and in medicinal preparations by conventional and synchronous fluorescence spectrometry
Authors: Yao Ting , Wang Hongling , Si Xuejing , Yin Shengnan , Wu Tunhua , Wang Ping
Published: November 2018

Simple, rapid and sensitive and synchronous fluorescence spectrometry (SFS) were developed for determination the fluoroquinolones of ciprofloxacin (CIP), norfloxacin (NOR) and enrofloxacin (ENR) separately in water solutions and in medicinal preparations. The optimized wavelength intervals between the emission and excitation wavelengths were 170 nm, 160 nm and 170 nm for CIP, NOR and ENR, respectively. The different experimental parameters affecting the synchronous fluorescence intensities of the three fluoroquinolones were carefully studied. Under the optimal conditions, good linearity was obtained over the range of 0.01 to 1.20 mg/L, 0.005 to 0.45 mg/L and 0.005 to 0.60 mg/L for the CIP, NOR and ENR, and with good relative standard deviations below 1.9% (n=9). In addition, the detection limits for CIP, NOR and ENR were 0.17 μg/L, 0.013 μg/L and 0.055 μg/L, respectively. What is more, compared with the conventional fluorescence spectrometry, the SFS could detect lower concentrations of each fluoroquinolone. Moreover, the proposed SFS were validated and successfully applied for the quantitative assay of each fluoroquinolone in medicinal preparations.
Understanding appreciation among German, Italian and Spanish teenagers
Authors: Angulo-Brunet Ariadna , Soto-Sanfiel María T.
Published: November 2018

One of the psychological responses to audiovisual fictions that has been receiving more attention recently is appreciation, defined as a reflexive eudaimonic gratification obtained from a meaningful entertainment mode. Appreciation is the perception that the media experience has a profound meaning, has taught or revealed something. This study seeks to advance on the understanding of appreciation by youngsters. It translates and adapts the Oliver and Bartsch’s questionnaire for teenagers of three European countries. A total of 213 Italians, 55 Spaniards and 42 Germans watched a drama film and immediately afterwards answered the questionnaire. The results of confirmatory factor analysis suggest the existence of four first-order factors for each country. The multi-group analysis shows the questionnaire is not invariant across groups. Thus, the concept of appreciation in its current formulation is not universal. Instead, it seems to be dependent on the cultural aspects of the audience. This article discusses the implications of such results for the understanding of appreciation and of teenagers’ media responses. It also reports mean comparisons for the invariant parameters.
A multilinear reverse Hölder inequality with applications to multilinear weighted norm inequalities
Authors: Cruz-Uribe David , Moen Kabe
Published: November 2018

We prove a multilinear version of the reverse Hölder
inequality in the theory of Muckenhoupt

A
p

{A_{p}}

weights. We give two
applications of this inequality to the study of multilinear weighted
norm inequalities. First, we prove a structure theorem for
multilinear

A

p
→

{A_{\vec{p}}}

weights; second, we give a new sufficient
condition for multilinear, two-weighted norm inequalities for a
maximal operator.
Prevalence of traumatic injuries to the anterior teeth among 3–17-year-old school children of Indore and correlating it with Kuppuswamy SES, occlusal relationship and ascertaining percentage of those seeking the treatment
Authors: Khandelwal Vishal , Nayak Ullal Anand , Nayak Prathibha Anand , Ninawe Nupur
Published: November 2018

Background

Orofacial trauma is one of the most prevailing oral health problems among the children. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and distribution of traumatic injuries and to correlate the causes, specific age groups, socio-economic status, occlusal relationship and ascertain the percentage of those seeking the treatment among school children in Indore (Madhya Pradesh, India).

Materials and methods

Five thousand school going children aged between 3 and 17 years belonging to different zones of Indore were randomly selected and divided into three age groups, Group I – 3–5 years; Group II – 6–11 years and Group III – 12–17 years. The study was carried out by a single investigator and assisted by a well-trained cooperative alert assistant. An American Dental Association (ADA) type 3 examination was carried out using a mouth mirror and explorer under sufficient natural light. Traumatic injuries to the anterior teeth were recorded according to the Ellis and Davey classification. Details were noted concerning the gender, age and socio-economic status of patient; cause of trauma, number, type and relationship of teeth, lip competence and the level of unmet treatment needs.

Results

One thousand and seventeen children had traumatized anterior teeth with a mean prevalence of 20.34%. Prevalence was more in boys than in girls with a ratio of 2:1. Single tooth injury was observed in 81.7%. The prevalence of trauma was highest in the upper socio-economic class (31.4%) and least was seen in lower class (14.8%). The most common cause of trauma was from a fall (36.72%). Maximum prevalence was seen in either class II division 1 malocclusion or distal step terminal plane primary molar relationship. Only 2.95% of the children had undergone treatment for traumatically injured anterior teeth.

Conclusion

High prevalence of traumatized teeth with the low percentage of children receiving treatment emphasizes the need for education programs about traumatic dental injuries that should be directed towards the children, parents and school teachers.
Some variational principles associated with ODEs of maximal symmetry. Part 2: The general case
Authors: Ndogmo Jean-Claude
Published: November 2018

Variational and divergence symmetries are studied in this paper for the whole class of linear and nonlinear equations of maximal symmetry, and the associated first integrals are given in explicit form. All the main results obtained are formulated as theorems or conjectures for equations of a general order. A discussion of the existence of variational symmetries with respect to a different Lagrangian, which turns out to be the most common and most readily available one, is also carried out. This leads to significantly different results when compared with the former case of the transformed Lagrangian. The latter analysis also gives rise to more general results concerning the variational symmetry algebra of any linear or nonlinear equations.
Modelling double diffusion in soils and materials
Authors: Tsambali Ariadne-Αnne , Konstantinidis Avraam A. , Aifantis Elias C.
Published: November 2018

The double diffusivity model proposed earlier by Aifantis and co-workers was applied in this work for modelling the diffusion of metals in sandy aquifers, as well as chloride diffusion in concrete specimens. The theoretical predictions are in very good agreement with the measured concentrations in all cases, showing that the model is capable of dealing with a large variety of double diffusivity problems.
Whole-Body Vibration as a Warm-up Before Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage on Symptoms of Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness in Trained Subjects
Authors: Magoffin Ryan D. , Parcell Allen C. , Hyldahl Robert D. , Fellingham Gilbert W. , Hopkins J. Tyson , Feland J. Brent
Published: November 2018

Magoffin, RD, Parcell, AC, Hyldahl, RD, Fellingham, GW, Hopkins, JT, and Feland, JB. Whole-body vibration as a warm-up before exercise-induced muscle damage on symptoms of delayed-onset muscle soreness in trained subjects.J Strength Cond Res34(4): 1123–1132, 2020—There is no clear scientific evidence that whole-body vibration (WBV) used as a warm-up before performing eccentric exercise mitigates delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and speeds strength loss recovery. These benefits were observed primarily in nonresistance-trained individuals. The aim of this study was to determine whether WBV could mitigate soreness and expedite strength recovery for resistance-trained individuals when used as a warm-up before eccentric exercise. Thirty resistance-trained males completed 300 maximal eccentric contractions of the quadriceps after warming up with (WBV) or without (CON) WBV. Both CON and WBV experienced significant isometric (26.3 and 30.2%, respectively) and dynamic (50.9 and 46.4%, respectively) strength loss immediately after exercise. Isometric strength was significantly depressed after 24 hours in the CON group (8.2%p< 0.02), but not in the WBV group (5.9%p= 0.7). Isometric strength was no longer significantly depressed after 48 hours in the CON group (6.1%p< 0.07) or the WBV group (4.1%p= 0.20). Dynamic strength was significantly decreased in both the CON and WBV groups at 24 hours (17.7%p< 0.001 and 15.5%p< 0.001, respectively) and 48 hours (17.1%p< 0.01 and 13.6%p< 0.002), but only significant for the CON at 1 week after exercise (8.6%p= 0.05). Pain as measured by a visual analog scale was significant in both groups at 24 and 48 hours after exercise, but WBV experienced significantly less soreness than the CON group after 24 hours (28 vs. 46 mmp< 0.01, respectively) and 48 hours (38 vs. 50 mmp< 0.01). Pain pressure threshold increased significantly in both groups, but there was no difference between groups. These results suggest the use of WBV before eccentric exercise mildly mitigates DOMS in trained individuals. Application of WBV can function as a quick mode of warm-up before resistance training and can decrease pain perception from DOMS. This may be beneficial to athletes undergoing a heavy strength training phase where DOMS is likely.
Sex Differences in Physical Fitness Characteristics and Match-Play Demands in Adolescent Netball: Should Male and Female Adolescents Co-compete in Netball?
Authors: Tissera Kevin M. , Naughton Geraldine A. , Gabbett Tim J. , Krause Lyndon M. , Moresi Mark P. , Benson Amanda C.
Published: November 2018

Tissera, KM, Naughton, GA, Gabbett, TJ, Krause, LM, Moresi, MP, and Benson, AC. Sex differences in physical fitness characteristics and match-play demands in adolescent netball: Should male and female adolescents co-compete in netball? J Strength Cond Res 33(3): 846–856, 2019—Sports participation offers multifaceted benefits, especially during adolescence. However, policies relating to male and female adolescents co-competing in team sports can be prohibitive and lack an evidence base. This study aimed to strengthen evidence on coparticipation of male and female adolescents playing recreational netball. Off-court fitness characteristics (power, speed, agility, and high-speed intermittent running) and match-play performances from global positioning system (GPS) and video analysis were compared in adolescent males (n = 34, mean ± SD, age, 15.2 ± 0.8 years) and females (n = 45, mean ± SD, age, 14.9 ± 0.7 years), with previous recreational netball experience. Independent t-tests showed adolescent men outperforming females in all off-court fitness characteristics (p < 0.001). Two-way analyses of variance explored sex-based interactions in match-play (GPS accelerometer data and notational analyses) and type of competition (mixed-/single-sex formats) in forty-two 7-minute matches. Overall, no differences in match-play performances were found between males and females (p > 0.05). Notational skill-based comparisons showed that male skills were better in mixed- than single-sex matches. Conversely, competition format did not alter skills of females. Despite more netball experience in females and superior off-court fitness characteristics in males, on-court performance differences between males and females were minimal in these recreational adolescent netball players. Coparticipation in netball was not detrimental to the performance of either sex.
Sentryn and SAD Kinase Link the Guided Transport and Capture of Dense Core Vesicles in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Morrison Logan M , Edwards Stacey L , Manning Laura , Stec Natalia , Richmond Janet E , Miller Kenneth G
Published: November 2018

Dense core vesicles (DCVs) can transmit signals by releasing neuropeptides from specialized synaptic regions called active zones. DCVs reach the active zone by motorized transport through a long axon. A reverse motor frequently interrupts progress by taking DCVs in the opposite direction. “Guided transport” refers to the mechanism by which outward movements ultimately dominate to bring DCVs to the synaptic region. After guided transport, DCVs alter their interactions with motors and enter a “captured” state. The mechanisms of guided transport and capture of DCVs are unknown. Here, we discovered two proteins that contribute to both processes in Caenorhabditis elegans. SAD kinase and a novel conserved protein we named Sentryn are the first proteins found to promote DCV capture. By imaging DCVs moving in various regions of single identified neurons in living animals, we found that DCV guided transport and capture are linked through SAD kinase, Sentryn, and Liprin-α. These proteins act together to regulate DCV motorized transport in a region-specific manner. Between the cell body and the synaptic region, they promote forward transport. In the synaptic region, where all three proteins are highly enriched at active zones, they promote DCV pausing by inhibiting transport in both directions. These three proteins appear to be part of a special subset of active zone-enriched proteins because other active zone proteins do not share their unique functions.
The Drosophila Dot Chromosome: Where Genes Flourish Amidst Repeats
Authors: Riddle Nicole C , Elgin Sarah C R
Published: November 2018

The F element of the Drosophila karyotype (the fourth chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster) is often referred to as the “dot chromosome” because of its appearance in a metaphase chromosome spread. This chromosome is distinct from other Drosophila autosomes in possessing both a high level of repetitious sequences (in particular, remnants of transposable elements) and a gene density similar to that found in the other chromosome arms, ∼80 genes distributed throughout its 1.3-Mb “long arm.” The dot chromosome is notorious for its lack of recombination and is often neglected as a consequence. This and other features suggest that the F element is packaged as heterochromatin throughout. F element genes have distinct characteristics (e.g., low codon bias, and larger size due both to larger introns and an increased number of exons), but exhibit expression levels comparable to genes found in euchromatin. Mapping experiments show the presence of appropriate chromatin modifications for the formation of DNaseI hypersensitive sites and transcript initiation at the 5′ ends of active genes, but, in most cases, high levels of heterochromatin proteins are observed over the body of these genes. These various features raise many interesting questions about the relationships of chromatin structures with gene and chromosome function. The apparent evolution of the F element as an autosome from an ancestral sex chromosome also raises intriguing questions. The findings argue that the F element is a unique chromosome that occupies its own space in the nucleus. Further study of the F element should provide new insights into chromosome structure and function.
Birth and Death of LTR-Retrotransposons inAegilops tauschii
Authors: Dai Xiongtao , Wang Hao , Zhou Hongye , Wang Le , Dvořák Jan , Bennetzen Jeffrey L , Müller Hans-Georg
Published: November 2018

Dai et al. employed time-dynamic modeling for the insertion rate (birth) and the deletion rate (death) of long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) in the Aegilops tauschii genome. They found that insertion rates of the 35...

Long terminal repeat-retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) are a major component of all flowering plant genomes. To analyze the time dynamics of LTR-RTs, we modeled the insertion rates of the 35 most abundant LTR-RT families in the genome of Aegilops tauschii, one of the progenitors of wheat. Our model of insertion rate (birth) takes into account random variation in LTR divergence and the deletion rate (death) of LTR-RTs. Modeling the death rate is crucial because ignoring it would underestimate insertion rates in the distant past. We rejected the hypothesis of constancy of insertion rates for all 35 families and showed by simulations that our hypothesis test controlled the false-positive rate. LTR-RT insertions peaked from 0.064 to 2.39 MYA across the 35 families. Among other effects, the average age of elements within a family was negatively associated with recombination rate along a chromosome, with proximity to the closest gene, and weakly associated with the proximity to its 5′ end. Elements within a family that were near genes colinear with genes in the genome of tetraploid emmer wheat tended to be younger than those near noncolinear genes. We discuss these associations in the context of genome evolution and stability of genome sizes in the tribe Triticeae. We demonstrate the general utility of our models by analyzing the two most abundant LTR-RT families in Arabidopsis lyrata, and show that these families differed in their insertion dynamics. Our estimation methods are available in the R package TE on CRAN.
Can Deep Learning Improve Genomic Prediction of Complex Human Traits?
Authors: Bellot Pau , de los Campos Gustavo , Pérez-Enciso Miguel
Published: November 2018

The current excitement around artificial intelligence and the renewed interest in “deep learning” (DL) have been applied to the genetic analysis of complex traits; however, the performance of DL for genomic prediction of complex...

The genetic analysis of complex traits does not escape the current excitement around artificial intelligence, including a renewed interest in “deep learning” (DL) techniques such as Multilayer Perceptrons (MLPs) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). However, the performance of DL for genomic prediction of complex human traits has not been comprehensively tested. To provide an evaluation of MLPs and CNNs, we used data from distantly related white Caucasian individuals (n ∼100k individuals, m ∼500k SNPs, and k = 1000) of the interim release of the UK Biobank. We analyzed a total of five phenotypes: height, bone heel mineral density, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and waist–hip ratio, with genomic heritabilities ranging from ∼0.20 to 0.70. After hyperparameter optimization using a genetic algorithm, we considered several configurations, from shallow to deep learners, and compared the predictive performance of MLPs and CNNs with that of Bayesian linear regressions across sets of SNPs (from 10k to 50k) that were preselected using single-marker regression analyses. For height, a highly heritable phenotype, all methods performed similarly, although CNNs were slightly but consistently worse. For the rest of the phenotypes, the performance of some CNNs was comparable or slightly better than linear methods. Performance of MLPs was highly dependent on SNP set and phenotype. In all, over the range of traits evaluated in this study, CNN performance was competitive to linear models, but we did not find any case where DL outperformed the linear model by a sizable margin. We suggest that more research is needed to adapt CNN methodology, originally motivated by image analysis, to genetic-based problems in order for CNNs to be competitive with linear models.
Caenorhabditis elegans ced-3Caspase Is Required for Asymmetric Divisions That Generate Cells Programmed To Die
Authors: Mishra Nikhil , Wei Hai , Conradt Barbara
Published: November 2018

Caspases have functions other than in apoptosis. Here, we report that Caenorhabditis elegans  CED-3 caspase regulates asymmetric cell division. Many of the 131 cells that are “programmed” to die during C. elegans development are the smaller daughter of a neuroblast that divides asymmetrically by size and fate. We have previously shown that CED-3 caspase is activated in such neuroblasts, and that before neuroblast division, a gradient of CED-3 caspase activity is formed in a ced-1 MEGF10 (multiple EGF-like domains 10)-dependent manner. This results in the nonrandom segregation of active CED-3 caspase or “apoptotic potential” into the smaller daughter. We now show that CED-3 caspase is necessary for the ability of neuroblasts to divide asymmetrically by size. In addition, we provide evidence that a pig-1 MELK (maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase)-dependent reciprocal gradient of “mitotic potential” is formed in the QL.p neuroblast, and that CED-3 caspase antagonizes this mitotic potential. Based on these findings, we propose that CED-3 caspase plays a critical role in the asymmetric division by size and fate of neuroblasts, and that this contributes to the reproducibility and robustness with which the smaller daughter cell is produced and adopts the apoptotic fate. Finally, the function of CED-3 caspase in this context is dependent on its activation through the conserved egl-1 BH3-only, ced-9 Bcl-2, and ced-4 Apaf-1 pathway. In mammals, caspases affect various aspects of stem cell lineages. We speculate that the new nonapoptotic function of C. elegans  CED-3 caspase in asymmetric neuroblast division is relevant to the function(s) of mammalian caspases in stem cells.
Selection-Like Biases Emerge in Population Models with Recurrent Jackpot Events
Authors: Hallatschek Oskar
Published: November 2018

Evolutionary dynamics driven out of equilibrium by growth, expansion, or adaptation often generate a characteristically skewed distribution of descendant numbers: the earliest, the most advanced, or the fittest ancestors have exceptionally large number of descendants, which Luria and Delbrück called “jackpot” events. Here, I show that recurrent jackpot events generate a deterministic median bias favoring majority alleles, which is akin to positive frequency-dependent selection (proportional to the log ratio of the frequencies of mutant and wild-type alleles). This fictitious selection force results from the fact that majority alleles tend to sample deeper into the tail of the descendant distribution. The flip side of this sampling effect is the rare occurrence of large frequency hikes in favor of minority alleles, which ensures that the allele frequency dynamics remains neutral in expectation, unless genuine selection is present. The resulting picture of a selection-like bias compensated by rare big jumps allows for an intuitive understanding of allele frequency trajectories and enables the exact calculation of transition densities for a range of important scenarios, including population-size variations and different forms of natural selection. As a general signature of evolution by rare events, fictitious selection hampers the establishment of new beneficial mutations, counteracts balancing selection, and confounds methods to infer selection from data over limited timescales.
Robust Genome Editing with Short Single-Stranded and Long, Partially Single-Stranded DNA Donors inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Dokshin Gregoriy A , Ghanta Krishna S , Piscopo Katherine M , Mello Craig C
Published: November 2018

A robust genome editing pipeline is critical to the vitality of a modern genetic laboratory. Previous studies have shown that Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP)-based editing can be highly effective in Caenorhabditis elegans, particularly...

CRISPR-based genome editing using ribonucleoprotein complexes and synthetic single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide (ssODN) donors can be highly effective. However, reproducibility can vary, and precise, targeted integration of longer constructs—such as green fluorescent protein tags remains challenging in many systems. Here, we describe a streamlined and optimized editing protocol for the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We demonstrate its efficacy, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness by affinity-tagging 14 Argonaute proteins in C. elegans using ssODN donors. In addition, we describe a novel PCR-based, partially single-stranded, “hybrid” donor design that yields high efficiency editing with large (kilobase-scale) constructs. We use these hybrid donors to introduce fluorescent protein tags into multiple loci, achieving editing efficiencies that approach those previously obtained only with much shorter ssODN donors. The principals and strategies described here are likely to translate to other systems, and should allow researchers to reproducibly and efficiently obtain both long and short precision genome edits.
The mTOR Target S6 Kinase Arrests Development in Caenorhabditis elegans When the Heat-Shock Transcription Factor Is Impaired
Authors: Chisnell Peter , Parenteau T Richard , Tank Elizabeth , Ashrafi Kaveh , Kenyon Cynthia
Published: November 2018

The widely conserved heat-shock response, regulated by heat-shock transcription factors, is not only essential for cellular stress resistance and adult longevity, but also for proper development. However, the genetic mechanisms by which heat-shock transcription factors regulate development are not well understood. In Caenorhabditis elegans, we conducted an unbiased genetic screen to identify mutations that could ameliorate the developmental-arrest phenotype of a heat-shock factor mutant. Here, we show that loss of the conserved translational activator rsks-1/S6 kinase, a downstream effector of mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) kinase, can rescue the developmental-arrest phenotype of hsf-1 partial loss-of-function mutants. Unexpectedly, we show that the rescue is not likely caused by reduced translation, nor by activation of any of a variety of stress-protective genes and pathways. Our findings identify an as-yet unexplained regulatory relationship between the heat-shock transcription factor and the mTOR pathway during C. elegans development.
Articular Cartilage Repair
Authors: Carson Juan R.
Published: November 2018

The articular cartilage repair can be achieved through different ways that is cell based repair, articular cartilage transplant, the use of micro fracture technique, the use of osteochondral autograft transplant, palliative care and the use of cell and scaffold technology. Articular cartilage repair is ineffective in some cases depending on the method which is used in the repair processes. The replacement does not help most of the patients, and this has dramatically resulted in other adverse effects to the clients. The majority of the patients who have adverse symptoms and considerable tear damage of tissues do not heal faster. The surgeons should take advantage of the rapidly growing technology in the field of medicine. This will help them to adopt those technologically based modes of articular cartilage methods which are more effective than those other method. The processes should be conducted with a lot of care as any defect can lead to further damage to the articular cartilage tissues which are very delicate.
Estimación del retroceso glaciar en los volcanes Nevado del Ruiz, Tolima y Santa Isabel, Colombia a través de imágenes ópticas y Din-SAR
Authors: Monterroso-Tobar Mario Fernando , Londoño-Bonilla Jhon Makario , Sansonov Sergey
Published: November 2018

Se realizó una cuantificación del retroceso glaciar del Volcán Nevado del Ruiz (VNR), Volcán Nevado de Santa Isabel (VNSI) y el Volcán Nevado del Tolima (VNT), utilizando imágenes satelitales Landsat 8 OLI TIRS. Se calcularon índices espectrales y clasificación supervisada de imágenes para diferenciar el límite entre hielo, se utilizó la técnica DinSAR usando imágenes de Radarsat II, específicamente las imágenes de coherencia. Entre 2010 y 2015 la capa de hielo de los volcanes en estudio ha retrocedido 24%, 42% y 60% respectivamente. Las imágenes de coherencia muestran resultados similares que los obtenidos mediante imágenes ópticas. El uso de las imágenes de coherencia puede utilizarse para la delimitación de hielo y roca en zonas glaciares. La ceniza sobre la capa de hielo es un fenómeno particular sobre el casquete glaciar del VNR, lo que complica la delimitación de la superficie glaciar para ese volcán.
Teratogenic effect on bone tissue development in Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain, induced by the presence of arsenic
Authors: Quiterio-Pérez Mireya , Gaytán-Oyarzún Juan Carlos , Gordillo-Martínez Alberto José , Prieto-García Francisco
Published: November 2018

En este estudio evaluamos los posibles efectos teratogénicos del arsénico (As) en las mismas concentraciones registradas en el agua de Zimapan, Hidalgo, usando especímenes de la cepa Wist de Rattus norvegicus, preñada. Se sometieron a concentraciones variables de arseniato de sodio (1887.9 mg/L, 943.9 mg/L y 0.5 mg/L), concentración, 0.5 mg/L corresponde al agua registrada de Zimapan, Hidalgo y trióxido de cromo (166.0 mg/L) utilizados como control positivo y 5% de sacarosa como control negativo. Las muestras se expusieron del día 7 al 15 de gestación y se sacrificaron el día 19 de gestación por inhalación de cloroformo. Analizamos el daño reproductivo de la madre, así como las alteraciones y la falta de osificación del tejido óseo del feto. La dosis más alta probada (1887.9 mg/L) produjo más daño reproductivo en las resorciones de la madre causado por la prevención de la continuación del desarrollo embrionario. Concentraciones de 0.5 mg/L a 943.9 mg/L, resultaron en la falta de costillas de osificación, esternebras, metacarpianos, falanges metatarsales previos y falanges de vértebras sacras posteriores.
Un algoritmo de planificación en una clase de sistemas de eventos discretos
Authors: Mata Guelvis , Ruiz Bladismir , Camacho Claudia , Méndez Arnaldo , Muñoz Sergio , Zambrano Hicher
Published: November 2018

En este artículo, nosotros proponemos un enfoque para generar una planificación fundamentada en los conceptos de k-interacción y consenso, mostrando para ello un algoritmo que acopla la planta con dichos conceptos. En este sentido, se reducirán los modelos resultantes y en consecuencia la complejidad computacional.
Diseño de un motor de juegos serios emergentes basado en el algoritmo de optimización de colonia de hormigas
Authors: Aguilar Jose , Altamiranda Junior , Díaz Francisco
Published: November 2018

Un motor de juegos serios emergentes (MJSE) debe hacer explícito la posibilidad de emergencia en un juego serio, a partir delmanejo coordinado de tramas de juegos, adaptadas al contexto educativo especifico donde se esté desarrollando el juego. En particular, en anteriores trabajos se ha propuesto una arquitectura jerárquica para el MJSE, constitutiva de submotores. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es especificar los submotores encargados del proceso de emergencia del juego serio, los cuales se basan en el algoritmo de optimización basado en colonias de hormigas (ACO). Dichos submotores realizan la gestión del conjunto de tramas de juego según el contexto-dominio educativo de interés, de tal manera de fusionarlas en una única trama, para hacer de esta forma emerger la dinámica del juego serio. Adicionalmente, en este trabajo se analiza el comportamiento de dichos submotores en un caso de estudio, mostrando resultados muy alentadores como MJSE.
Herramienta de software para determinar constantes ópticas en celdas solares tipo película delgada
Authors: Vargas-Perea Heiner Alexander , Rocha-Gonzalez Robinson , Botero-Londoño Mónica Andrea , Sepúlveda-Sepúlveda Alexander , Calderón Triana Clara Lilia
Published: November 2018

En este trabajo se desarrolló una herramienta de software que permite determinar las propiedades ópticas de materiales semiconductores, esta herramienta es de utilidad para investigadores que trabajan en la caracterización de películas delgadas semiconductoras. El software calcula las constantes ópticas: índice de refracción (n), coeficiente de absorción (α) y brecha de energía prohibida (Gap), además del espesor aproximado de la película; con el programa desarrollado se calcularon las constantes ópticas de películas delgadas de ZnS, SnS:Bi y SnS2:Bi, que son usadas como capas buffer y absorbentes en celdas solares, en este trabajo se presentan los resultados obtenidos con una película de SnS2:Bi. El software fue creado en el lenguaje de programación Python dentro de una interfaz sencilla inglés-español y para desarrollarlo se tuvo en cuenta el método propuesto por Swanepoel, el cual toma como base el espectro de transmitancia experimental del material semiconductor.
Study the spatial variability of the noise levels inside two commercial poultry housing with different adiabatic evaporative cooling systems
Authors: Damasceno Flavio Alves , Ferraz Gabriel Araújo e Silva , Oliveira Carlos Eduardo Alves , Osório-Saraz Jairo Alexander , Brandão Leidimar Freire
Published: November 2018

The objective of the present work was to determinate the map the spatial distribution of noise levels inside two commercial poultry housing having different adiabatic evaporative cooling systems, during the life cycle of birds. The noise level was assessed by a digital sound level meter. The data were measured manually at each point in six predetermined sections, totaling 36 points. Spatial distribution maps of noise were generated for the inside of each animal facility, using geostatistics technique through semivariogram analysis and interpolation by ordinary kriging. It concludes that the birds were, in general, subjected to noise levels above 62.0 dBA and during clean and disinfect (decontamination period) the sheds were at approximately 35.0 dBA. The spatial profile of the noise level to the productive environment provide for the attainment of more detailed information about the studied system.
Evaluation of the lubricating power of chemical modified Sesame oil additivated with Cu and Al2O3 nanoparticles
Authors: Delgado-Tobón Arnoldo Emilio , Aperador-Chaparro William Arnulfo , Misnaza-Rodríguez Yaneth Gabriela
Published: November 2018

Biolubricant from modified sesame oil (Sesamumindicum L.) was produced. The lubricant base consists of a mixture in a volume ratio of 74 parts of epoxidized sesame and 26 parts of transesterified sesame oil. This mixture was characterized by FT-IR, thermo-oxidative stability was determined and heating and cooling curves were performed, where a crystallization and solidification temperature of -8 °C was obtained. To improve the lubricating capacity of the oil blend concentrations of 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20% of copper nanoparticles (NPsCu) and alumina nanoparticles (NPsAl2O3) were added, which had been subjected to tribological tests for the wear scar measurement and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The addition of NPsCu and NPsAl2O3 improved the lubricating power of oil base-stock. The NPsCu percentage in modified sesame oil that showed the best lubricating performance was in the interval between 0.15-0.2; as for the oil with NPs2O3 better result was obtained with 0,05% of NPs.
Modeling a productive system incorporating elements of business sustainability
Authors: Valencia-Rodríguez Orlando , Olivar-Tost Gerard , Redondo Johan Manuel
Published: November 2018

This article builds and evaluates a business sustainability model for a manufacturing industry in which indicators of sustainable development are incorporated. The construction and analysis of the model is based on the system dynamics methodology. This methodology begins with the characterization of business sustainability and its indicators, models and applied methodologies are then reviewed, the production process of the analyzed company described, and the model is finally elaborated integrating the environmental, economic and social dimensions. The simulations of the model showed that the inventory of finished products accumulates over time and that the incorporation of energy saving technology is one that has a more effective impact on consumption, and the proportion of waste generated grows as the production order’s size increases. Finally, it is concluded that the designed model is useful for the evaluation of strategies and the definition of sustainability actions.
SHAPING OF AN AUTONOMOUS POWER SYSTEM FOR GUARANTEED POWER SUPPLY WITH THE PREDOMINANCE WIND ENERGY
Authors: Ignatiev S. G. , Kiseleva S. V.
Published: November 2018

Optimization of the autonomous wind-diesel plants composition and of their power for guaranteed energy supply, despite the long history of research, the diversity of approaches and methods, is an urgent problem. In this paper, a detailed analysis of the wind energy characteristics is proposed to shape an autonomous power system for a guaranteed power supply with predominance wind energy. The analysis was carried out on the basis of wind speed measurements in the south of the European part of Russia during 8 months at different heights with a discreteness of 10 minutes. As a result, we have obtained a sequence of average daily wind speeds and the sequences constructed by arbitrary variations in the distribution of average daily wind speeds in this interval. These sequences have been used to calculate energy balances in systems (wind turbines + diesel generator + consumer with constant and limited daily energy demand) and (wind turbines + diesel generator + consumer with constant and limited daily energy demand + energy storage). In order to maximize the use of wind energy, the wind turbine integrally for the period in question is assumed to produce the required amount of energy. For the generality of consideration, we have introduced the relative values of the required energy, relative energy produced by the wind turbine and the diesel generator and relative storage capacity by normalizing them to the swept area of the wind wheel. The paper shows the effect of the average wind speed over the period on the energy characteristics of the system (wind turbine + diesel generator + consumer). It was found that the wind turbine energy produced, wind turbine energy used by the consumer, fuel consumption, and fuel economy depend (close to cubic dependence) upon the specified average wind speed. It was found that, for the same system with a limited amount of required energy and high average wind speed over the period, the wind turbines with lower generator power and smaller wind wheel radius use wind energy more efficiently than the wind turbines with higher generator power and larger wind wheel radius at less average wind speed. For the system (wind turbine + diesel generator + energy storage + consumer) with increasing average speed for a given amount of energy required, which in general is covered by the energy production of wind turbines for the period, the maximum size capacity of the storage device decreases. With decreasing the energy storage capacity, the influence of the random nature of the change in wind speed decreases, and at some values of the relative capacity, it can be neglected.
MODELING AND SIMULATION OF THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN USING HYDROELECTRICITY IN VENEZUELA
Authors: Contrerasa A. , Possob F. , Veziroglu Т. N.
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this work is to develop and evaluate a mathematical model for the process of hydrogen production in Venezuela, via electrolysis and using hydroelectricity, with a view to using it as an energy vector in rural sectors of the country. Regression models were prepared to estimate the fluctuation of the main variables involved in the process: the production of hydrogen, the efficiency of energy conversion, the cost of hydroelectricity and the cost of the electrolyser. Finally, the proposed model was applied to various different time-horizons and populations, obtaining the cost of hydrogen production in each case. The results obtained are well below those mentioned in the references, owing largely to the low cost of the electricity used, which accounts for around 45% of the total cost of the system.