bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis and structural characterization of flaxseed gum/chitosan/cinnamaldehyde composite films
Authors: Ren Xuejiao , Wang Na , Meng Xin , Zhang Zhen
Published: November 2023

The low mechanical strength, water deficiency, and oxidative protection of organic membranes impede their use as food-grade packaging materials. Cinnamaldehyde (CIN) tends to lose its activity owing to its instability. In this study, CIN was added to flaxseed gum (FG)/chitosan (CS) films prepared in a “sandwich” structure. The influence of CIN dosage on the properties of the composite films was studied, and the film formation mechanism of the membrane was explored. The elongation at break, water vapor permeability, oxygen permeability, and light transmittance of the composite film with 1.5% CIN were lower than those of the FG/CS/FG film. Supplementation of the composite membrane with CIN generated new hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, and C-O-C bonds, which converted the structure of the composite film into a sheet and increased its crystallinity without markedly affecting its thermal stability. Therefore, CIN is an extremely useful additive for improving the applicability of flaxseed gum/CS membranes as food-grade packaging films.
Prevalence, causes and outcomes of war-related civilian injuries in Ethiopia’s war-torn Tigray region: a community-based descriptive study
Authors: Asgedom Akeza Awealom , Etsedingl Abenezer , Hailemariam Teklehaimanot Tekle , Tequare Mengistu Hagazi , Hailu Tesfay , Tsegay Amanuel Tesfay , Hailu Abraha Gebreegziabher , Weldebirhan Simret Niguse , Hailu Melaku , Weldesenbet Negash Abreha , Fisseha Girmatsion , Alemayehu Yibrah
Published: November 2023

Objective

War and armed conflicts are the major causes of mortality, morbidity and disability. This study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of injury, cause and its outcome among civilians during the war in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.

Results

A community based cross sectional study was conducted to collect data from a total of 4,381 sample households. Descriptive analysis was applied and the data are presented using frequencies, percentages, tables and statements. Of the study participants, 6.9% (95% CI: 6.2%, 7.6%) of civilians encountered any kind of war-related physical injury. About Two-third (95% CI: 59%, 73%) of the physical injuries were caused by bullet followed by heavy artillery shelling (proportion = 23%; 95% CI: 17%, 29%). Painfully, about 44% (95% CI: 37%, 50%) faced death following injuries and the other 56.2% (95% CI: 50%, 62.5%) either survived or encountered disability. Post war rehabilitation for the disabled is recommended to enable them live healthy, dignified, independent and productive citizens.
Premature termination of inpatient eating disorder treatment: Does timing matter?
Authors: Smith Sarah , Sutandar Kalam , Woodside Blake
Published: November 2023

Background

Premature termination of treatment is a serious problem in the treatment of eating disorders. Prior research attempting to differentiate patients who are able to complete treatment from those who terminate early has yielded mixed results. One proposed explanation for this is a failure to examine the time course of treatment termination. This study was designed to explore associations between baseline patient characteristics and timing of treatment termination.

Methods

Participants were 124 eating disorder patients admitted voluntarily to the inpatient program at Toronto General Hospital between 2009 and 2015. At admission, all patients completed measures of eating disorder symptoms, eating disorder cognitions, depressive symptoms and emotional dysregulation. Body weight was measured weekly. Data analyses were completed using one-way ANOVAs and Chi Square tests.

Results

Results showed significant associations between timing of treatment termination and eating disorder diagnosis, severity of eating disorder cognitions and severity of depressive symptoms. Post-hoc analyses revealed that patients who left treatment early had more severe depressive symptoms, eating disorder cognitions related to eating and difficulties engaging in goal directed behaviors when emotionally dysregulated.

Conclusions

Patients who terminated inpatient treatment early in their admissions differ from patients who terminated later and those who completed treatment. These differences have potential clinical implications for the clinical management of patients with severe eating disorders requiring inpatient admission.

Trial registration This paper is not associated with a clinical trial.
Role of magnetic resonance imaging in characterization of cystic renal lesions based on Bosniak classification version 2019
Authors: Gomma Mona Kamal , El-Toukhy Nahed Abd El-Gaber , El-Ghar Mohamed Ibrahim Abou , Bayoumi Dalia Mohamed
Published: November 2023

Background

In 2019, the Bosniak classification system for cystic renal lesions underwent modifications aimed at addressing the limitations of the original classification.

Results

The revised 2019 version demonstrated notable differences from its predecessor. Specifically, it showed an increased proportion of class IIF cystic lesions (31% compared to 16.7%) and a decreased proportion of class III cystic lesions (27.4% compared to 45.2%). Additionally, the malignancy rate for class III cystic renal lesions was lower in the 2019 version (37.8% vs. 42.2%). When it came to diagnosing malignancies, the 2019 version exhibited higher specificity (74.4% compared to 41.03%) while maintaining a comparable sensitivity (97.8% vs. 100%) compared to the original Bosniak system.

Conclusions

The Bosniak 2019 version demonstrated enhanced specificity and diagnostic accuracy for malignancies in comparison to the original Bosniak system, all while maintaining an equivalent sensitivity.
The generation of hemagglutinin monoclonal antibodies against H9N2 influenza virus
Authors: Duan Yongcheng , Guo Qingli , Tu Shaoyu , Zou Jiahui , Li Guohong , Liang Cheng , Cheng Yanqing , Zhou Yijie , Chen Lin , Zhou Yuanbao , Suolang Sizhu , Zhou Hongbo
Published: November 2023

H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are widely distributed, causing continuous outbreaks in poultry and sporadic infections in humans. Vaccination is the primary method used to prevent and control H9N2 AIV infection. However, the ongoing evolution and mutation of AIVs often result in limited protection effects from vaccines. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting influenza viruses offer a promising alternative. In this study, we immunized mice with inactivated H9N2-W1 virus, and we screened and acquired five mAbs, namely 4D12, F4, 5C8, 2G8 and A11. We showed that all five mAbs specifically targeted the HA protein of various H9N2 AIV strains. In vitro neutralization tests demonstrated that all five mAbs exhibited neutralization activity against H9N2 AIVs, with mAb F4 displaying the most potent neutralization effect. The F4 mAb exhibited dose-dependent preventive and therapeutic effects against lethal H9N2-115 infection, and the administration of F4 at a dose of 3 μg/g provided complete protection in vivo. Our study presents an alternative approach for preventing and controlling H9N2 AIV infection. Furthermore, the identified F4 mAb holds promise as a solution to potential pandemics in humans caused by H9N2 AIVs.
COVID-19, States of Exception, and Indigenous Self-Determination
Authors: Kuokkanen Rauna
Published: November 2023

This chapter examines the relationship between Indigenous Peoples and territorial borders, focusing on the volatility and utilization of borders during times of crisis. This chapter highlights the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the relationship between Indigenous Peoples and borders. Some Indigenous Peoples exercised self-determination by closing their borders despite antipathy from colonial states, and other transnational Indigenous Peoples were splintered due to state border closures. Though borders are often ascribed as a colonial phenomenon, this chapter notes that border-making and arbitration are both a present and historical practice for Indigenous Peoples. Thus, this chapter argues that borders can demonstrate self-determination and undermine it, highlighting the multiplicity of relationships between borders and Indigenous Peoples.
No Borders on Gender Justice and Indigenous Peoples' Rights
Authors: Susskind Yifat ,   MADRE
Published: November 2023

This chapter gives insight into how cross-border solidarity movements can be constructed and sustained by examining MADRE, a community-based international human rights organization advocating for Indigenous women and girls. Using case studies of social justice campaigns across the US-Mexico border, this chapter explores the mechanisms by which networks of protection for Indigenous women and girls can be built simultaneously at grassroots and global levels. Ultimately, these networks strengthen both international and transnational solidarity movements and advocacy and provide community-level resources to defend the rights of Indigenous women and girls.
Ο αναιρετικός έλεγχος της απόδειξης στις ποινικές αποφάσεις υπό το πρίσμα της νομολογίας του ΕΔΔΑ
Authors: Μαρινάκου Ιωάννα
Published: November 2023

Η παρούσα διατριβή πραγματεύεται το ζήτημα του αναιρετικού ελέγχου της απόδειξης υπό το πρίσμα της νομολογίας του Ευρωπαϊκού Δικαστηρίου Δικαιωμάτων του Ανθρώπου. Συγκεκριμένα, επιχειρείται μια συνολική αναφορά των αναιρετικών λόγων που προκύπτουν από ελλείψεις ή πλημμέλειες της απόδειξης στις ποινικές αποφάσεις. Ειδικότερα, εκτίθενται το εννοιολογικό περιεχόμενο της απόδειξης, ο βαθμός απόδειξης της ενοχής, η υποχρέωση των δικαστικών και ανακριτικών αρχών για αυτεπάγγελτη αναζήτηση της ουσιαστικής αλήθειας με τους θεμιτούς περιορισμούς αυτής, η υποχρέωση του δικαστηρίου για ορθολογική αξιολόγηση του αποδεικτικού υλικού σε συνάρτηση με το αληθές νόημα της αρχής της ηθικής απόδειξης, καθώς και η σχέση μεταξύ αιτιολογίας και εκτίμησης των αποδεικτικών μέσων. Προσδιορίζεται το περιεχόμενο της προσήκουσας αιτιολογίας, η οποία αποτελεί εγγενές στοιχείο και συστατικό της έννοιας της δίκαιης δίκης και είναι άρρηκτα συνδεδεμένη με την ορθή απονομή της δικαιοσύνης, όπως αυτή εκλαμβάνεται από το ΕΔΔΑ και επιβάλλεται να υπάρχει σε κάθε ποινική απόφαση. Στη συνέχεια, γίνεται αναφορά στη σχέση της αιτιολογίας της ποινικής απόφασης με το τεκμήριο αθωότητας του κατηγορουμένου και παράλληλα συντελείται μια κριτική επισκόπηση της νομολογίας του Αρείου Πάγου σε σχέση με τα κρατούντα στη νομολογία του ΕΔΔΑ. Ακολούθως, ερευνώνται τα κριτήρια που πρέπει να υιοθετούνται από το δικαστήριο για την αποδοχή ή την απόρριψη του αιτήματος του κατηγορουμένου για διεξαγωγή αποδείξεων, η θέση του ΕΔΔΑ επί του ελέγχου της αξιολόγησης και εκτίμησης των αποδείξεων (όπως π.χ. στις περιπτώσεις απολιπόμενων μαρτύρων κατηγορίας) αλλά και τα αντικειμενικά-εμπειρικά κριτήρια των κανόνων της λογικής, των διδαγμάτων της κοινής πείρας και των ασφαλών διαγνώσεων της επιστήμης, ο έλεγχος της ορθής εφαρμογής των οποίων πρέπει να ανήκει στον αναιρετικό δικαστή στο πλαίσιο του λογικού ελέγχου του αποδεικτικού συλλογισμού.
Διερεύνηση των δυνατοτήτων εφαρμογής των παιδαγωγικών και θεολογικών απόψεων του Kant στη σχολική θρησκευτική εκπαίδευση
Authors: Ματσέλα Αντιγόνη
Published: November 2023

Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή, καρπός πολυετούς έρευνας, εξετάζει ενδελεχώς τις παιδαγωγικές απόψεις και τις θεολογικές αντιλήψεις του Κant. Συγκεκριμένα, εστιάζει στην επιρροή που ενδεχομένως άσκησαν οι καινοτόμες παιδαγωγικές ιδέες και οι θεολογικές προτάσεις του σπουδαίου Γερμανού διαφωτιστή και μεταρρυθμιστή του 18ου αιώνα στο περιεχόμενο και τον προσανατολισμό των εγχειριδίων της σύγχρονης σχολικής θρησκευτικής εκπαίδευσης της χώρας μας.
Η διακριτική εξουσία του δικαστηρίου στη δίκη των ασφαλιστικών μέτρων
Authors: Φερεντίνου Ευγενία
Published: November 2023

Η παρούσα μελέτη αναζητεί την αλληλεπίδραση των επιμέρους προϋποθέσεων που θέτει η διάταξη του άρθρ. 692 ΚΠολΔ στην επιλογή και διαμόρφωση του κατάλληλου ασφαλιστικού μέτρου και επιχειρεί να απαντήσει στο ερώτημα γιατί το δικαστήριο των ασφαλιστικών μέτρων εξοπλίζεται με ευρεία διακριτική εξουσία προς αυτό τον σκοπό. Στο επίκεντρο της έρευνας τάσσεται η διερεύνηση της νομικής φύσης και των ορίων της εξουσίας του δικαστηρίου να διατάζει το ασφαλιστικό μέτρο εκείνο που κρίνει πρόσφορο να επιτύχει την εξασφάλιση ή διατήρηση του ασφαλιστέου δικαιώματος, κατ' απόκλιση, ενδεχομένως, από το ακριβές περιεχόμενο της αίτησης παροχής προσωρινής έννομης προστασίας. Στην πορεία, ερευνώνται τα νομοθετικά όρια της ανωτέρω δικαστικής διακριτικής εξουσίας, όπως περιγράφονται στις §§ 2-5 του άρθρ. 692 ΚΠολΔ: δηλαδή, πρώτον, ο κανόνας της επάρκειας του ασφαλιστικού μέτρου, στις ειδικότερες εκδηλώσεις του ως κανόνα της πολλαπλότητας των ασφαλιστικών μέτρων και του ηπιότερου μέτρου, η απαγόρευση της ικανοποίησης του ασφαλιστέου δικαιώματος και η απαγόρευση προσβολής δικαιωμάτων τρίτων από το διατασσόμενο ασφαλιστικό μέτρο.
Perspectivas sobre mobilidade urbana na promoção da atividade física no contexto dos deslocamentos no Brasil
Authors: Zorzi Viviane Nogueira de , Wanderley Júnior Rildo de Souza , Onita Bianca Mitie , Silva Alexandre Augusto de Paula da , Silva Alice Tatiane da , Oliveira Elaynne Silva de , Goulardins Guilherme  Stefano , Hino Adriano Akira
Published: November 2023

Apesar do Brasil apresentar importante avanço em aspectos regulatórios relacionados ao planejamento das cidades, o crescimento desordenado das cidades brasileiras dificulta a realização de mudanças que reflitam em maiores oportunidades no deslocamento ativo da população. Este ensaio foi elaborado com objetivo de refletir sobre as oportunidades para melhorias no ambiente urbano para a promoção da atividade física no contexto do deslocamento no Brasil. Nessa perspectiva, o estudo identificou políticas que permitem o crescimento ordenado e favoreça o deslocamento ativo nas cidades, além de sugerir o uso de indicadores para avaliação e monitoramento do desenvolvimento, com especial foco no deslocamento ativo. Ademais, é imprescindível que o processo de planejamento urbano seja adaptado e aprimorado considerando as necessidades dos municípios brasileiros e com aproximação da sociedade civil. Assim, será possível verificar as modificações no ambiente urbano e seu impacto no deslocamento ativo da população, estimulando a criação de cidades saudáveis e sustentáveis.
Effects of promoting eating foods containing bitter vegetables on nutritional status in the elderly
Authors:   Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao Province, Thailand., Sajjapong Wittawas , Jongsomchai Kamonwan ,   Division of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao Province, Thailand., Sadjapong Uratcha ,   Department of Health Promotion, School of Public Health, University of Phayao, Phayao Province, Thailand., Sooksaen Pornchai ,   Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Phayao, Phayao Province, Thailand.
Published: November 2023

Background: Non-communicable diseases pose a considerable risk for the elderly population. This study aimed to investigate the impact of incorporating bitter vegetables into the diets of elderly individuals on their nutritional status. The study involved regular consumption of northern foods, such as Malidmai (Peka), salae, neem (neem), bitter gourd, and cassia, at least once a day for three months. Materials and methods: A randomized clinical trial recruited eighty individuals aged 60 years and above. One group was allowed to eat ad libitum, while the other group followed a recommended menu that emphasized bitter flavors. The study assessed dietary intake, body composition, and blood biochemical parameters. Results: The findings revealed a significant reduction in energy, saturated fat, and cholesterol intake, with the bitter group experiencing a statistically significant decrease in sugar consumption. The bitter group also demonstrated a considerable reduction in anthropometric and metabolic parameters when compared to the control group and baseline measures. These results indicate the potential benefits of bitter substances in managing or preventing obesity and type 2 diabetes in the elderly. Conclusion: Encouraging the elderly to consume at least one bitter meal per day for 12 weeks resulted in a reduction in weight gain, adipose tissue, sugar levels, and LDL-C. The study highlights the importance of incorporating bitter vegetables into the diets of elderly individuals for better nutritional status and health outcomes.
Value-chain analysis of the ginger sub-sector in Salyan District, Nepal
Authors: ACHARYA NOBEL , CHAURASIA JAY , KANDEL PARBATI
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Acharya N, Chaurasia J, Kandel P. 2023. Value-chain analysis of the ginger sub-sector in Salyan District, Nepal. Asian J Agric 7: 76-82. A Value Chain (VC) strategy of market-driven firms is required to solve the present shortcomings in ginger's marketing channel and the ensuing value addition throughout the channel. The study examines ginger's producer share, pricing spread, marketing margin, and value-chain diagram. Furthermore, 50 producer families from each of Malneta of Sharada Municipality and Chande of Siddhakumakh Rural Municipality in Salyan District, Karnali Province, Nepal were selected for the household survey using purposive random sample based on the degree of production and producers' cultivation of ginger in more than one ropani, i.e., total 100 households, five collectors, five wholesalers, and five retailers were surveyed for analysis. The total ginger productivity at the research location was 15.43 Mt/ha. Sutho (dried ginger) earned an average of 25.81% of the earnings. Furthermore, 100% of producers said they were satisfied with the low price but higher than the farms' gate price by NPR 24. There was an NPR disparity of NPR 8 in retail marketing costs between retailers and end users, and NRs gap of NPR6 in marketing costs between wholesaler and retailer. While the difference in marketing costs between the collector and the distributor was, NPR 6. Retailers and consumers had the largest net margin (20%), which collectors and wholesalers followed. Consumer pricing was (8.3%), wholesalers and retailers (6.66%) and the producer share was calculated to be just 40%.
Effects of climate change and adaptation strategies on urban crop production in Kinondoni City, Tanzania
Authors: KIFUNDA CHRISTINA FELIX
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Kifunda CF. 2023. Effects of climate change and adaptation strategies on urban crop production in Kinondoni City, Tanzania. Asian J Agric 7: 98-107. Many countries worldwide, including Tanzania, have felt the effects of climate change on the productivity of major economic sectors, such as agriculture. This study assessed climate change's effects on urban agriculture's sustainability in Kinondoni City, Tanzania. Specifically, the study aimed to determine: i) the effects of climate change on crop production in Kinondoni City over the last 30 years, ii) other challenges of urban agriculture in Kinondoni City, and iii) adaptation strategies employed by smallholder farmers in sustainable urban agriculture in Kinondoni City. Data collection involves accessing temperature and rainfall data from Tanzania Meteorological Agency (TMA) headquarters and administering household questionnaires to 386 respondents who engaged in urban agriculture in Kinondoni City. Five wards of Bunju (118), Kunduchi (42), Mabwepande (102), Mzimuni (28) and Wazo (96) were involved. Focused group discussion, key informant interviews, and direct observation were also employed. Data were analyzed for temperature and rainfall variations over the last 30 years and people's knowledge of climate change indicators. The adaptation strategies employed in sustaining crop production in the study area were also quantified. The study reveals that most smallholder farmers (>70%) are aware of the indicators of climate change, which correlate with the data obtained from TMA. Among the indicators include an increase in temperature (76%) and a decrease in rainfall (73%). Pest and diseases were ranked higher (88%) among the significant effects of climate change on urban agriculture. Land scarcity was also a significant challenge in urban agriculture. The use of pesticides and fertilizers was ranked higher (65%) among the adaptation strategies employed by smallholder farmers. It is recommended that building capacity for smallholder farmers through getting access to micro-credits at low-interest rates and government support may contribute significantly to sustainable urban agriculture in Kinondoni City. Also, farmers in Kinondoni City can adopt sustainable agriculture practices such as Soil and Water Conservation practices and the use of Drought-Resistant Crop varieties to improve their resilience to future climate risks caused by climate change.
The effect of interaction between salicylic acid and drought stress on growth and photosynthetic rate of Basella alba and B. rubra
Authors: AYUNINGTIAS ANNIS WATURROIDAH , SOLICHATUN SOLICHATUN , PANGASTUTI ARTINI
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Ayuningtias AW, Solichatun, Pangastuti A. 2023. The effect of interaction between salicylic acid and drought stress on growth and photosynthetic rate of Basella alba and B. rubra. Asian J Agric 7: 108-115. Basella alba L and B. rubra L are two species of potential drugs and have very potential to develop because of the secondary metabolic content. The change of climate, which is uncertain and prolongs the dry season, is a problem in the cultivation of these plants. Drought stress affects the aspect in growth and photosynthesis rate. The application of salicylic acid tolerated plants due to drought stress and gave a physiologically different response from both plants. This study aimed to determine the interaction effect of Salicylic Acid (SA) on growth and photosynthesis rate in B. alba and B. rubra. A completely random design was used. Two factors of this study were salicylic acid and drought stress. The dosage of salicylic acid were 0 mM, 2 mM, 4 mM, and 6 mM, and field capacities were set by 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%. Observed data in this study include plant height, leaf area, photosynthesis rate, stomata conductance, and transpiration rate at B. alba and B. rubra. The result showed in B. alba KL 50% and SA 4 mM (50.1 cm2), in B.rubra KL 25% and SA 4 mM (52.9 cm2 ) were the best treatment in plant high. The highest values of leaf area in B. alba are KL 75% and SA 2mM (91.72 cm2), and in B. rubra, are KL 50% and SA 4 mM (122.67 cm2). The treatment KL 50% and SA 6 mM on B. alba showed the highest result in photosynthesis rate, stomata conductance, and transpiration rate (0.8663 µmol m-2 s-1; 0.9468 µmol m-2 s-1; 0.1890 µmol m-2 s-1), in B. rubra the highest value are KL 75% and SA 6mM (0.9202 µmol m-2 s-1; 0.9468 µmol m-2 s-1; 0,105 µmol m-2 s-1). This study concludes that the interaction between salicylic acid and field capacity significantly affects growth and photosynthesis rate.
O que era ser capitalista na Bahia do século XIX?
Authors: Da Silva de Freitas Allan
Published: November 2023

O presente artigo objetiva discutir o desenvolvimento das relações capitalistas na Bahia do século XIX. Para isso, discutimos como a aparição e a usabilidade do termo “capitalista” no Brasil oitocentista pode ser uma das chaves para se compreender o amplo processo de inserção do país nas lógicas do capitalismo mundial. Para a realização deste estudo, utilizamos metodologicamente a análise da trajetória e do contexto vivido por Joaquim Pedreira de Cerqueira, residente da vila da Feira de Sant’Anna, coronel da Guarda nacional, rico negociante, proprietário de fazendas no sertão do Camisão, imóveis urbanos e rurais em Feira e hinterlândia, e dono de um engenho de açúcar em Santo Amaro, no Recôncavo baiano. A escolha do sujeito em questão perpassa o nosso acesso a um considerável número de fontes que frequentemente adjetivam o coronel Pedreira como “grande capitalista”, “rico capitalista” ou mesmo “distinto capitalista”. Assim, neste artigo produzimos um estudo de microanálise que contribui para a elucidação do processo de avanço do capitalismo no Brasil.
Knee Extension Lag Treated with Posterior Capsulotomy of the Knee: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors:   Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, United States., Scarano Kyle Aaron , Montalbano Andrea ,   Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, United States., Daugherty Clark ,   Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, United States., Sohn David ,   Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, United States.
Published: November 2023

Introduction: The posterior capsule of the knee plays an important role in maintaining the integrity of the knee joint. Pathologies involving the posterior capsule have been implicated in developing flexion contractures. Posterior capsulotomy is a well-studied modality for this issue, performed through either an open or arthroscopic approach. Case Report: A 74-year-old Caucasian male presented with a complex extensor lag of his right knee and an inability to gain full extension either actively or passively. Through the use of standard knee arthroscopy, the authors were able to not only correct his posterior capsular pathology but also address anterior knee lesions. Only the combination of both allowed a full extension of the joint. Conclusion: Posterior capsulotomy of the knee may be carried out successfully and safely through either an open or arthroscopic approach. Arthroscopic capsulotomy is proposed as a safer, minimally invasive option that has been gaining recent favor compared to open approaches. Keywords: Posterior capsulotomy, arthroscopy, extensor lag, knee.
MCOCT: an experimentally and numerically validated, open-source Monte Carlo simulator for optical coherence tomography
Authors: Erdenedalai Khaliun , Maltais-Tariant Raphaël , Dehaes Mathieu , Boudoux Caroline
Published: November 2023

Here, we present MCOCT, a Monte Carlo simulator for optical coherence tomography (OCT), incorporating a Gaussian illumination scheme and bias to increase backscattered event collection. MCOCT optical fluence was numerically compared and validated to an established simulator (MCX) and showed concordance at the focus while diverging slightly with distance to it. MCOCT OCT signals were experimentally compared and validated to OCT signals acquired in tissue-mimicking phantoms with known optical properties and showed a similar attenuation pattern with increasing depth while diverging beyond 1.5 mm and proximal to layer interfaces. MCOCT may help in the design of OCT systems for a wide range of applications.
Transfer learning with false negative control improves polygenic risk prediction
Authors: Jeng Xinge Jessie , Hu Yifei , Venkat Vaishnavi , Lu Tzu-Pin , Tzeng Jung-Ying
Published: November 2023

Polygenic risk score (PRS) is a quantity that aggregates the effects of variants across the genome and estimates an individual’s genetic predisposition for a given trait. PRS analysis typically contains two input data sets: base data for effect size estimation and target data for individual-level prediction. Given the availability of large-scale base data, it becomes more common that the ancestral background of base and target data do not perfectly match. In this paper, we treat the GWAS summary information obtained in the base data as knowledge learned from a pre-trained model, and adopt a transfer learning framework to effectively leverage the knowledge learned from the base data that may or may not have similar ancestral background as the target samples to build prediction models for target individuals. Our proposed transfer learning framework consists of two main steps: (1) conducting false negative control (FNC) marginal screening to extract useful knowledge from the base data; and (2) performing joint model training to integrate the knowledge extracted from base data with the target training data for accurate trans-data prediction. This new approach can significantly enhance the computational and statistical efficiency of joint-model training, alleviate over-fitting, and facilitate more accurate trans-data prediction when heterogeneity level between target and base data sets is small or high.
Electrical synapse structure requires distinct isoforms of a postsynaptic scaffold
Authors: Michel Jennifer Carlisle , Grivette Margaret M. B. , Harshfield Amber T. , Huynh Lisa , Komons Ava P. , Loomis Bradley , McKinnis Kaitlan , Miller Brennen T. , Nguyen Ethan Q. , Huang Tiffany W. , Lauf Sophia , Michel Elias S. , Michel Mia E. , Kissinger Jane S. , Marsh Audrey J. , Crow William E. , Kaye Lila E. , Lasseigne Abagael M. , Lukowicz-Bedford Rachel M. , Farnsworth Dylan R. , Martin E. Anne , Miller Adam C.
Published: November 2023

Electrical synapses are neuronal gap junction (GJ) channels associated with a macromolecular complex called the electrical synapse density (ESD), which regulates development and dynamically modifies electrical transmission. However, the proteomic makeup and molecular mechanisms utilized by the ESD that direct electrical synapse formation are not well understood. Using the Mauthner cell of zebrafish as a model, we previously found that the intracellular scaffolding protein ZO1b is a member of the ESD, localizing postsynaptically, where it is required for GJ channel localization, electrical communication, neural network function, and behavior. Here, we show that the complexity of the ESD is further diversified by the genomic structure of the ZO1b gene locus. The ZO1b gene is alternatively initiated at three transcriptional start sites resulting in isoforms with unique N-termini that we call ZO1b-Alpha, -Beta, and -Gamma. We demonstrate that ZO1b-Beta and ZO1b-Gamma are broadly expressed throughout the nervous system and localize to electrical synapses. By contrast, ZO1b-Alpha is expressed mainly non-neuronally and is not found at synapses. We generate mutants in all individual isoforms, as well as double mutant combinations in cis on individual chromosomes, and find that ZO1b-Beta is necessary and sufficient for robust GJ channel localization. ZO1b-Gamma, despite its localization to the synapse, plays an auxiliary role in channel localization. This study expands the notion of molecular complexity at the ESD, revealing that an individual genomic locus can contribute distinct isoforms to the macromolecular complex at electrical synapses. Further, independent scaffold isoforms have differential contributions to developmental assembly of the interneuronal GJ channels. We propose that ESD molecular complexity arises both from the diversity of unique genes and from distinct isoforms encoded by single genes. Overall, ESD proteomic diversity is expected to have critical impacts on the development, structure, function, and plasticity of electrical transmission.
Mitochondrial protein BNIP3 regulates Chikungunya virus replication in the early stages of infection
Authors: Echavarria-Consuegra Liliana , Dinesh Kumar Nilima , van der Laan Marleen , Mauthe Mario , Van de Pol Denise , Reggiori Fulvio , Smit Jolanda M.
Published: November 2023

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a human pathogen causing outbreaks of febrile illness for which vaccines and specific treatments remain unavailable. Autophagy-related (ATG) proteins and autophagy receptors are a set of host factors that participate in autophagy, but have also shown to function in other unrelated cellular pathways. Although autophagy is reported to both inhibit and enhance CHIKV replication, the specific role of individual ATG proteins remains largely unknown. Here, a siRNA screen was performed to evaluate the importance of the ATG proteome and autophagy receptors in controlling CHIKV infection. We observed that 7 out of 50 ATG proteins impact the replication of CHIKV. Among those, depletion of the mitochondrial protein and autophagy receptor BCL2 Interacting Protein 3 (BNIP3) increased CHIKV infection. Interestingly, BNIP3 controls CHIKV independently of autophagy and cell death. Detailed analysis of the CHIKV viral cycle revealed that BNIP3 interferes with the early stages of infection. Moreover, the antiviral role of BNIP3 was found conserved across two distinct CHIKV genotypes and the closely related Semliki Forest virus. Altogether, this study describes a novel and previously unknown function of the mitochondrial protein BNIP3 in the control of the early stages of the alphavirus viral cycle.
Bothrops venom-induced hemostasis disorders in the rat: Between Scylla and Charybdis
Authors: Larréché Sébastien , Chevillard Lucie , Jourdi Georges , Mathé Simon , Servonnet Aurélie , Joly Bérangère S. , Siguret Virginie , Chippaux Jean-Philippe , Mégarbane Bruno
Published: November 2023

Hemostasis impairment represents the most threatening consequence of Viperidae envenoming, notably with Bothrops genus. In the French departments of America, B. atrox envenomation in French Guiana may lead to bleeding while B. lanceolatus envenomation in Martinique to thrombosis. Bleeding related to B. atrox envenomation is attributed to vascular damage mediated by venom metalloproteinases and blood uncoagulable state resulting from thrombocytopenia and consumptive coagulopathy. Thrombosis related to B. lanceolatus envenomation are poorly understood. We aimed to compare the effects of B. atrox and B. lanceolatus venoms in the rat to identify the determinants of the hemorrhagic versus thrombotic complications. Viscoelastometry (ROTEM), platelet count, plasma fibrinogen, thrombin generation assay, fibrinography, endothelial (von Willebrand factor, ADAMTS13 activity, ICAM-1, and soluble E-selectin), and inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, and PAI-1) were determined in blood samples obtained at H3, H6, and H24 after the subcutaneous venom versus saline injection. In comparison to the control, initial fibrinogen consumption was observed with the two venoms while thrombocytopenia and reduction in the clot amplitude only with B. atrox venom. Moreover, we showed an increase in thrombin generation at H3 with the two venoms, an increase in fibrin generation accompanied with hyperfibrinogenemia at H24 and an increase in inflammatory biomarkers with B. lanceolatus venom. No endothelial damage was found with the two venoms. To conclude, our data support two-sided hemostasis complications in Bothrops envenoming with an initial risk of hemorrhage related to platelet consumption and hypocoagulability followed by an increased risk of thrombosis promoted by the activated inflammatory response and rapid-onset fibrinogen restoration.
Epetraborole, a leucyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor, demonstrates murine efficacy, enhancing the in vivo activity of ceftazidime against Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis
Authors: Cummings Jason E. , Lunde Christopher S. , Alley M. R. K. , Slayden Richard A.
Published: November 2023

Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, which is increasingly being reported worldwide. Mortality rates as high as 40% have been reported based on clinical patient outcomes in the endemic areas of Australia and Thailand. Novel therapies are needed to reduce treatment duration and adverse effects and improve treatment outcomes. Epetraborole, a novel antibiotic, targets leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS), an essential enzyme that catalyzes the attachment of leucine to transfer RNA. Epetraborole was evaluated for in vitro activity and efficacy in a murine model to assess clinical relevance against Burkholderia pseudomallei infections for possible treatment of melioidosis. Epetraborole was tested against 13 clinically derived and three reference B. pseudomallei strains that have a broad spectrum of susceptibilities to the standard-of-care (SoC) drugs for melioidosis, which showed that epetraborole exhibited minimal inhibitory concentrations of 0.25–4 μg/mL. Ex vivo studies using THP-1 macrophages confirmed the potency of epetraborole and demonstrated synergy between epetraborole and ceftazidime. In the acute pulmonary murine infection model of melioidosis, epetraborole demonstrated equivalent efficacy when delivered orally or subcutaneously, which compared well with the standard-of-care drug ceftazidime. In addition, adding epetraborole to ceftazidime significantly improved antimicrobial activity in this animal model. This work warrants further exploration of epetraborole as a candidate for treating melioidosis and substantiates LeuRS as a clinically relevant drug target in B. pseudomallei.
Impact of a small-scale tsetse fly control operation with deltamethrin impregnated “Tiny Targets” on tsetse density and trypanosomes’ circulation in the Campo sleeping sickness focus of South Cameroon
Authors: Melachio Tanekou Tito Tresor , Bouaka Tsakeng Calmes Ursain , Tirados Inaki , Acho Alphonse , Bigoga Jude , Wondji Charles Sinclair , Njiokou Flobert
Published: November 2023

Background

Significant progress has been made towards African sleeping sickness elimination in the last decade. Indeed, the World Health Organization (WHO) global goal of eliminating the chronic form of the disease as a public health problem was achieved in 2020 (i.e., < 2,000 new cases per year). Vector control has played an important role in achieving this goal. In this study, we evaluated the impact of the insecticide impregnated Tiny Targets on tsetse fly densities and their infection rates with Trypanosoma spp in the Campo sleeping sickness focus of South Cameroon.

Methods

The study site was divided into two areas: (i) the south-west experimental area, which included vector control, and (ii) the eastern part as the non-intervention area. After compiling the baseline entomological data (tsetse densities and trypanosome infection rates), around 2000 Tiny Targets were deployed in the South-West area and replaced every six months for two years. Post-intervention surveys were conducted every six months to determine tsetse densities and levels of trypanosome infections with PCR-based methods.

Results

Following the intervention, tsetse mean catches decreased by 61% after six months, and up to 73% after twelve months (pre-intervention: 2.48 flies/trap/day, 95%CI [1.92–3.14]; 12-months post-intervention: 0.66 tsetse/trap/day, 95%CI [0.42–0.94]). This decrease was not sustained after 18 months, and the mean catch doubled compared to that after 12 months. After 24 months, the mean catches still increased by 17% (18 months: 1.45 tsetse/trap/day, 95%CI [1.07–1.90] and 24 months: 1.71 tsetse/trap/day, 95%CI [1.27–2.24]). In the non-intervention area, a variation in tsetse catches was observed during the two years, with a general increase from 2.43 [0.73–5.77] to 3.64 [1.47–7.70] tsetse/trap/day. In addition, trypanosome infection rates dropped by 75% in both areas (P-value < 0.001) from 21.20% to 5.06% and from 13.14% to 3.45% in intervention and control areas respectively.

Conclusion

Tiny targets have proven useful in reducing tsetse population densities and trypanosome infection rates, providing evidence for the integration of this tool in current strategies towards trypanosomiasis elimination in Campo. The non-sustained decrease of tsetse densities after one year may indicate reinvasions from neighbouring breeding sites or that the intervention area was not large enough. Our results show the need to scale up by accessing difficult breeding sites and extend the tiny targets to the whole transborder focus.
Operational outcomes of propofol sedation versus fentanyl, midazolam and diphenhydramine sedation for endoscopies and colonoscopies at an academic medical center
Authors: Mariotti Andrew L. , Pattee Jack , Edmundowicz Steven A. , Hardesty Terran D. , Sharma Savita M. , Lemley M. G. , Rist Scott D. , Weitzel Nathaen , Faruki Adeel A.
Published: November 2023

Background

On July 1st, 2021, the University of Colorado Hospital (UCH) implemented new sedation protocols in the luminal gastrointestinal (GI) suite. GI proceduralist supervised, Nurse Administered Sedation with fentanyl, midazolam, and diphenhydramine (NAS) sedation was transitioned to Monitored Anesthesia Care with propofol under physician anesthesiologist supervision (MAC).

Objective

To determine if there are statistically significant reductions in Sedation-Start to Scope-In time (SSSI) when using Monitored Anesthesia Care with propofol (MAC) versus Nurse Administered Sedation with fentanyl, midazolam, and diphenhydramine (NAS). Secondary objectives were to determine if statistically significant improvements to other operational times, quality measures, and satisfaction metrics were present.

Method

This study was a retrospective analysis of a natural experiment resultant of a change from NAS to MAC sedation protocols. Outcomes for NAS protocols from 1/1/21–6/30/21 were compared to outcomes of MAC protocols from the dates 8/1/21–10/31/21. Results were analyzed using Quasi-Poisson regression analysis and stratified based on upper GI, lower GI, and combined procedures. Patient demographic data including age, biological sex, comorbidities, and BMI, were adjusted for in the analysis. ASA matching was not performed as nursing sedation does not use ASA classifications. Pre-anesthesia co-morbidities were assessed via evaluation of a strict set of comorbidities abstracted from the electronic medical record. Perioperative operational outcomes include Sedation Start to Scope-In (SSSI), In-Room to Scope-In Time (IRSI), Scope Out to Out of Room (SOOR), Total Case Length (TCL), and Post Anesthesia Care Unit Length of Stay (PACU LOS). Quality outcomes include PACU Administered Medications (PAM), and Clinician Satisfaction Scores (CSS).

Results

A total of 5,582 gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic cases (upper, lower, and combined endoscopies) were observed. Statistically significant decreases in SSSI of 2.5, 2.1, and 2.2 minutes for upper, lower, and dual GI procedures were observed when using MAC protocols. A statistically significant increase in satisfaction scores of 47.0 and 19.6 points were observed for nurses and proceduralists, respectively, when using MAC.

Conclusion

MAC protocols for endoscopic GI procedures at UCH led to statistically significant decreases in the time required to complete procedures thus increasing operational efficiency.
Sublethal effects of imidacloprid on the fitness of two species of wheat aphids, Schizaphis graminum (R.) and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.)
Authors: Ji Xiang , Jiang Yu-Tai , Guo Tian-Xin , Zhang Pei , Li Xin-an , Kong Fan-Bin , Zhang Bai-Zhong
Published: November 2023

Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide that efficiently controls piercing-sucking mouthparts pests. However, the impact of low lethal concentration of imidacloprid on key demographic parameters of wheat aphids, Schizaphis graminum (R.) and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) has been scarcely studied. In this study, we used the age stage, two-sex life table approach to investigate the sublethal effects of imidacloprid on the biological traits of S. graminum and R. padi. Bioassays showed that imidacloprid possesses high toxicity to adult S. graminum and R. padi, with LC50 of 3.59 and 13.78 mg L−1 following 24 h exposure. A low lethal concentration of imidacloprid (LC25) significantly decreased adult longevity and total longevity of progeny generation aphids (F1) of S. graminum. Nevertheless, imidacloprid (LC25) had no significant effects on the fecundity and longevity of directly exposed parental parental S. graminum and R. padi (F0). Our results showed that the low lethal concentration of imidacloprid affected the demographic parameters that ultimately impact on the population of S. graminum. This study provides detailed information about the overall effects of imidacloprid on S. graminum and R. padi that might help to manage these two key pests.
An X-STRs analysis of the Iraqi Sorani Kurds
Authors: M. Albarzinji Balnd , Hadi Shams , Ismael Bahez , Barqee Ahmed , Hadi Abdullah , Lazim Hayder
Published: November 2023

A database for the Iraqi Sorani Kurds, specifically focused on the 12 X-short tandem repeat (STR) loci, has been developed to fascilitate forensic and population genetics investigations. The present study involved genotyping 117 unrelated individuals from the Sorani Kurds ethnic group using the Investigator Argus X-12 QS kit. The analysis revealed that the DXS10135 locus exhibited the highest degree of polymorphism, as indicated by a polymorphism information content (PIC) value of 0.94565 and a gene diversity (GD) value of 0.95623. Conversely, the DXS8378 locus displayed the lowest level of polymorphism, with a PIC value of 0.61026 and a GD value of 0.68170. Notably, two individuals were found to possess a rare allele (allele = 6) at the DXS8378 locus, which was not included in the allelic ladder of the kit. Furthermore, a significant linkage disequilibrium (LD) (p < 0.05/117) was observed between the DXS10103 and DXS10101 loci on linkage group 3 (LG3). The ancestral composition of the five primary geographic regions, namely Africa, Middle East, East Asia, Europe, and South America, was determined through the utilization of the FST/FSTmax ratio. The findings of this analysis revealed that the Middle Eastern populations exhibited the lowest FST/FSTmax ratio, measuring at 0.23243, indicating a relatively lower ancestral diversity. Conversely, the European populations showcased the highest FST/FSTmax ratio, measuring at 0.27122, indicative of a greater ancestral diversity within this region. Additionally, the allelic richness indicators, namely distinctive and private alleles, indicated that Africa and the Middle East displayed the highest levels, while Far East Asia exhibited the lowest. This analysis supports the hypothesis of repeated founder effects during outward migrations, as evidenced by both the ancestry variability and the allelic richness. Consequently, the findings of this study have important implications for forensic genetics and population genetics research, particularly in relation to the consideration of genetic predispositions within specific ethnic groups.
Drawing Thought: How Drawing Helps Us Observe, Discover, and Invent, Andrea Kantrowitz (2022)
Authors: Schneckloth Sara
Published: November 2023

Reviewe of: Drawing Thought: How Drawing Helps US Observe, Discover, and Invent, Andrea Kantrowitz (2022)

Cambridge, MA and London: MIT Press, 192 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-26254-432-0, p/bk, $28.95
Identidade Romana e Contemporaneidade
Authors: Rodrigues Nuno Simões , Rodrigues Ália Rosa C.
Published: November 2023

Este conjunto de ensaios e de estudos pretende oferecer ao leitor uma perspectiva sistematizada da presença e influência da cultura romana, sobretudo ao nível das problemáticas da identidade, na contemporaneidade, entendendo-se aqui por “contemporânea” a realidade histórica que se segue à Revolução Francesa, no final do século XVIII. Deste modo, reúnem-se estudos que abrangem realidades políticas e institucionais, mas também historiográficas e artísticas, da Literatura, às Artes Plásticas e ao Património. Os textos reunidos centram-se sobretudo na realidade portuguesa, mas incluem-se também reflexões mais abrangentes que têm como horizonte a Europa e os EUA.
Medicina Personalizada de Base Genómica: Boas Práticas, Ética e Direito
Authors: Pereira André Gonçalo Dias
Published: November 2023

O presente Manual de Boas Práticas pretende ser um guião ético-jurídico, assente na legislação e nos documentos éticos nacionais e internacionais que abordam as temáticas tratadas, dirigido a profissionais de saúde.
Os avanços da Medicina Personalizada/de Precisão (MPP) de Base Genómica desenvolvem-se de forma tão vertiginosa que, relativamente a certos aspetos, o ordenamento jurídico não evolui no mesmo ritmo. Assim, muitos dos desafios oriundos desse novo modelo de medicina e prestação de cuidados de saúde não encontram respostas suficientemente claras no plano normativo. Partindo do reconhecimento dessa lacuna, pretende-se, para além de apresentar as possíveis soluções já clarificadas no ordenamento jurídico, trazer à reflexão os outros tantos desafios ético-jurídicos oferecidos pela MPP no domínio da genética.