bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends of glucose, lactate and ketones during anaerobic and aerobic exercise in subjects with type 1 diabetes: The ACTION‐1 study
Authors: De Ridder Francesca , Ledeganck Kristien J. , De Winter Benedicte , Braspenning Rie , Delbeke Danaë , Renard Eric , Pozzilli Paolo , Pieralice Silvia , Vissers Dirk , De Block Christophe
Published: May 2022

Background

Exercise is part of type 1 diabetes (T1D) management due to its cardiovascular and metabolic benefits. However, despite using continuous glucose monitoring, many patients are reluctant to exercise because of fear for hypoglycaemia.

Aims

We assessed trends in glucose, lactate and ketones during anaerobic and aerobic exercise in people with T1D and compared incremental area under the curve (AUC) between both exercises.

Methods

Twenty‐one men with T1D (median [IQR]: age 29 years [28–38], body mass index (BMI) 24.4 kg/m2 [22.3–24.9], HbA1c 7.2% [6.7–7.8]), completed a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and a 60‐min aerobic exercise (AEX) at 60% VO2peak on an ergometer bicycle within a 6‐week period. Subjects consumed a standardised breakfast (6 kcal/kg, 20.2 g CHO/100 ml) before exercise without pre‐meal insulin and basal insulin for pump users.

Results

During CPET, glucose levels increased, peaking at 331 mg/dl [257–392] 1–3 h after exercise and reaching a nadir 6 h after exercise at 176 mg/dl [118–217]. Lactate levels peaked at 6.0 mmol/L [5.0–6.6] (max 13.5 mmol/L). During AEX, glucose levels also increased, peaking at 305 mg/dl [245–336] 80 min after exercise and reaching a nadir 6 h after exercise at 211 mg/dl [116–222]. Lactate levels rose quickly to a median of 4.3 mmol/L [2.7–6.7] after 10 min. Ketone levels were low during both tests (median ≤ 0.2 mmol/L). Lactate, but not glucose or ketone AUC, was significantly higher in CPET compared to AEX (p = 0.04).

Conclusions

Omitting pre‐meal insulin and also basal insulin in pump users, did prevent hypoglycaemia but induced hyperglycaemia due to a too high carbohydrate ingestion. No ketosis was recorded during or after the exercises.

Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05097339
Sexual and gender minority (SGM) adolescents' disordered eating: Exploring general and SGM‐specific factors
Authors: Roberts Savannah R. , Maheux Anne J. , Watson Ryan J. , Puhl Rebecca M. , Choukas‐Bradley Sophia
Published: May 2022

Objective

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) adolescents disproportionately report disordered eating, yet have primarily been considered under a larger SGM umbrella. The current study 1) compared disordered eating between sexual minority (SM) and gender minority (GM) adolescents; 2) examined how general psychological factors (self‐esteem, depression, and stress) and SGM‐specific factors (e.g., feelings about SGM identity, access to SGM resources) were associated with disordered eating; and 3) examined whether associations between these factors differed for SM versus GM adolescents.

Method

SGM adolescents in the U.S. (N = 8814; 35.0% GM; 43.7% cisgender girls; 66.9% White; Mage = 15.6) reported their disordered eating, depressive symptoms, stress, self‐esteem, and SGM‐related experiences on an anonymous, cross‐sectional online survey.

Results

GM adolescents exhibited a higher prevalence of clinical threshold disordered eating than SM adolescents. Self‐esteem was associated with lower odds of caloric restriction, purging, and binge eating. Depression was associated with higher odds of caloric restriction, diet pill use, purging, laxatives, and binge eating. Stress was associated with higher odds of purging. Associations were stronger for GM adolescents' caloric restriction. Positive feelings about SGM identity were associated with lower odds of caloric restriction, purging, and binge eating, whereas greater stress of “coming out” was associated with higher odds of caloric restriction, purging, and binge eating.

Discussion

These results suggest that SGM adolescents' disordered eating is associated with both general psychological factors and unique SGM experiences. Results highlight the importance of considering how the unique experiences of SGM youth may leave them vulnerable to disordered eating behaviors.

Public Significance Statement

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth are disproportionately affected by disordered eating. The current study found that higher depression and stress, and lower self‐esteem, were associated with SGM adolescents' disordered eating. Furthermore, unique SGM experiences, such as stress about coming out, were also associated with eating pathology. Results highlight the importance of considering SGM adolescents' perceptions of their identity and social support.
eDNA metabarcoding of log hollow sediments and soils highlights the importance of substrate type, frequency of sampling and animal size, for vertebrate species detection
Authors: Ryan Ethan , Bateman Philip , Fernandes Kristen , van der Heyde Mieke , Nevill Paul
Published: May 2022

Fauna monitoring often relies on visual monitoring techniques such as camera trapping, which have biases leading to underestimates of vertebrate species diversity. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has emerged as a new source of biodiversity data that may improve biomonitoring; however, eDNA‐based assessments of species richness remain relatively untested in terrestrial environments. We investigated the suitability of fallen log hollow sediment as a source of vertebrate eDNA, across two sites in southwestern Australia—one with a Mediterranean climate and the other semi‐arid. We compared two different approaches (camera trapping and eDNA metabarcoding) for monitoring of vertebrate species, and investigated the effect of other factors (frequency of species, timing of visits, frequency of sampling, and body size) on vertebrate species detectability. Metabarcoding of hollow sediments resulted in the detection of higher species richness in comparison (29 taxa: six birds, three reptiles, and 20 mammals) to metabarcoding of soil at the entrance of the hollow (13 taxa: three birds, two reptiles, and eight mammals). We detected 31 taxa in total with eDNA metabarcoding and 47 with camera traps, with 14 taxa detected by both (12 mammals and two birds). By comparing camera trap data with eDNA read abundance, we were able to detect vertebrates through eDNA metabarcoding that had visited the area up to two months prior to sample collection. Larger animals were more likely to be detected, and so were vertebrates that were identified multiple times in the camera traps. These findings demonstrate the importance of substrate selection, frequency of sampling, and animal size, on eDNA‐based monitoring. Future eDNA experimental design should consider all these factors as they affect detection of target taxa.
Arabinogalactan, Bifidobacterium longum, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii improve insulin resistance in high‐fat diet‐induced C57BL/6J mice
Authors: He Huijun , Sun Yonggan , Zhang Shanshan , Zhang Hao , Su Wenwen , Guo Zheyu , Zhang Yanli , Wen Jiajia , Li Xiajialong , Hu Jielun , Nie Shaoping
Published: May 2022

The occurrence and development of insulin resistance (IR) are usually related to the change of gut microbiota. Our previous study showed that arabinogalactan (AG) could selectively increase the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium longum and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in in vitro fermentation. However, their effect on IR remains unclear. In the current study, we investigated the effects of AG, B. longum, F. prausnitzii and their combinations on insulin‐resistant mice. Intake of AG and those two strains reduced the body weight, fat accumulation, and homeostasis model assessment of IR of the mice with IR, and decreased the level of serum glucose, insulin, and lipids. Meanwhile, they could alleviate the injury of the liver. Moreover, AG, B. longum, and F. prausnitzii regulated the production of short‐chain fatty acids and elevated the abundance of gut probiotics such as Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Bifidobacterium. However, the effect of giving only AG or a single strain was weaker than the combination of AG, B. longum, and F. prausnitzii. Our study attempted to find a new way to prevent the development of type 2 diabetes in the early stage and provided evidence for new therapy against IR with a combination of prebiotics and two bacterial strains of gut origin.
Megaporous monolithic adsorbents for bioproduct recovery as prepared on the basis of nonwoven fabrics
Authors: Guo Yijia , Ali Wael , Schneider Anna , Salma Alaa , Mayer‐Gall Thomas , Gutmann Jochen S. , Fernandez Lahore Hector Marcelo
Published: May 2022

Megaporous adsorbents were prepared based on nonwoven polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabrics and functionalized by covalent modification with polyvinylamine (PVAm) or monotriazinyl‐β‐cyclodextrin‐substituted polyvinylamine (PVAm‐MCT‐β‐CD). Mechanical properties of the resulting fabrics were maintained, as judged by tensile strength tests and scanning electron microscopy. Exceptional porosity (≥82%) and preserved hydrodynamic characteristics (Pe ≥ 63) indicated excellent structural stability when packed. The performance of the constructed adsorbents was evaluated with high molecular weight (proteins) and low molecular weight (dyes) model compounds. The static binding capacity (SBC) for bovine serum albumin (BSA) was 79.7 ± 1.3 and 92.9 ± 8.2 mg/g for PVAm‐modified and PVAm‐MCT‐β‐CD‐modified fabrics, respectively. The mentioned materials also adsorbed Orange II, an acidic dye (92.4 ± 2.6 and 101.9 ± 2.6 mg/g, respectively), indicating that the hydrophobicity was a prevailing binding mechanism operating at a pH close to isoelectric point. SBC for lysozyme and toluidine blue O (TBO, a basic dye) onto PVAm‐MCT‐β‐CD functionalized PET was 52.7 ± 5.1 and 73.3 ± 0.6 mg/g, respectively. TBOs have also shown some affinity for PVAm functionalized PET, but this was most likely to be mediated by hydrophobicity. On the other hand, operating at a superficial velocity of 90 cm/h, dynamic binding capacity for BSA was 11.4 ± 3.5 and 2.5 ± 0.6 mg/g indicating the importance of possible aggregation mechanisms during protein binding at equilibrium. Thus, PET‐based adsorbents require further functional improvement for chromatography applications. However, the easy‐to‐construct, scalable nonwoven adsorbents deserve further attention as a potential alternative to packed‐bed‐chromatography adsorbents.
Electron ionization mass spectrometry: Quo vadis?
Authors: Maciel Edvaldo Vasconcelos Soares , Pereira dos Santos Natalia Gabrielly , Vargas Medina Deyber Arley , Lanças Fernando Mauro
Published: May 2022

Mass spectrometry (MS) is a fundamental technique to identify compounds by their mass‐to‐charge ratio. It is known that MS can only detect target compounds when they are converted to ions in the gas phase. The ionization procedure is considered one of the most critical steps, and there are distinct techniques for it. One of them is electron ionization (EI), a widely used hard‐ionization technique capable of generating several ions due to the excess energy employed. The existence of distinct ionization mechanisms turns EI capable of producing a fingerprint‐like spectrum for each molecule. So, it is an essential technique for obtaining structural information. EI is often combined with chromatography to obtain a practical introduction of pretreated samples despite its excellent performance. EI–MS has been applied coupled with gas chromatography (GC) since the 1960s as both are very compatible. Currently, analytes of interest are more suitable for liquid chromatography (LC) analysis, so there are researchers dedicated to developing suitable interfaces for coupling LC and EI–MS. EI excels, as a reliable technique to fill the gap between GC and LC, possibly allowing them to coexist in a single instrument. In this work, the authors will present the fundamentals of EI–MS, emphasizing the development over the years, coupling with gas and LC, and future trends.
Microglia and status epilepticus in the immature brain
Authors: López‐Meraz Maria‐Leonor , Álvarez‐Croda Dulce‐Mariely
Published: May 2022

Microglia are the resident immune cells of the Central Nervous System (CNS), which are activated due to brain damage, as part of the neuroinflammatory response. Microglia undergo morphological and biochemical modifications during activation, adopting a pro‐inflammatory or an antiinflammatory state. In the developing brain, status epilepticus (SE) promotes microglia activation that is associated with neuronal injury in some areas of the brain, such as the hippocampus, thalamus, and amygdala. However, the timing of this activation, the anatomical pattern, and the morphological and biochemical characteristics of microglia in the immature brain are age‐dependent and have not been fully characterized. Therefore, this review focuses on the response of microglia to SE and its relationship to neurodegeneration.
Study on vertical multifracture propagations in deep shale reservoir with natural fracture network
Authors: Xu Xinqin , Tao Lei , Wang Heng
Published: May 2022

Building a complex fracture network in a deep shale gas reservoir during multicluster hydraulic fracturing is challenging. On the one hand, hydraulic fractures tend to propagate along shale bedding planes, thus leading to a limited hydraulic fracture height; on the other hand, under the effect of high in situ stress and weak plane of fractures, multihydraulic fractures can hardly initiate and propagate uniformly. All of these will jeopardize the performance of hydraulic fracturing. This paper considers the influence of natural fracture network, shale beddings, fracturing‐fluid leakage, and high in situ stresses, and builds a numerical model to simulate multifracture propagations along vertical direction during hydraulic fracturing in deep shale reservoirs. The model is developed based on the theory of solid–fluid coupling and finite element method with pore pressure cohesive element technique are used to simulate multicluster fracture initiation and propagation. Moreover, the model is verified by published experiment data, and a good agreement between model and experiment results is observed. The influences of pump rate and fracturing‐fluid viscosity on fracture geometry are discussed, and the flow dynamics around each perforation cluster under different perforation parameters are also studied. Finally, suggestions to improve overall outcome of multicluster hydraulic fracturing are also provided.
Joint spectrum sensing and resource allocation against byzantine attack in overlay cognitive radio networks
Authors: Gan Jipeng , Wu Jun , Li Pei , Chen Ze , Zhang Jia , Chen Zehao , He Jiangtao , Fan Shiyao
Published: May 2022

Cognitive radio (CR) technology has emerged as a viable solution to solve the dilemma of spectrum scarcity and underutilization. It allows secondary users (SUs) to opportunistically access the primary user (PU) channel. Cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) further improves the accuracy of detecting spectrum availability by exploiting spatial diversity gain. However, the open nature of CR networks (CRNs) makes CSS process be prone to Byzantine attack, resulting in the excessive interference to the PU and the waste of spectrum resources. To this end, we propose a joint spectrum sensing and resource allocation scheme to defend against Byzantine attack. Specifically, we develop a probabilistic Byzantine attack model to characterize attack behaviors from malicious users (MUs) and evaluate its negative impact on the CSS performance. Then, the delivery evaluation mechanism is designed to evaluate the sensing performance of SUs and distinguish between normal users and MUs. Based on this, we propose a selection‐majority algorithm to improve CSS performance by exploiting sensing reports from MUs. To further solve the Byzantine attack, we propose a spectrum resource allocation algorithm, which allocates corresponding spectrum resources according to the historical behavior of SUs. By reducing the resources allocated to poorly performing SUs, this scheme incentivizes them to report correct sensing results and drive MUs to stop attacking or leave CRN. Extensive simulation results corroborate the correctness and effectiveness of our theoretical analysis and show that our proposed scheme can effectively resist Byzantine attack.
Room temperature liquid metals for flexible alkali metal‐chalcogen batteries
Authors: Ren Long , Zhang Bin‐Wei
Published: May 2022

Flexibility has become a certain trend in the development of secondary batteries to meet the requirements of wide portability and applicability. On account of their intrinsic high energy density, flexible alkali metal‐chalcogen batteries are attracting increasing interest. Although great advances have been made in promoting the electrochemical performance of metal‐S or metal‐Se batteries, explorations on flexible chalcogen‐based batteries are still limited. Extensive and rational use of soft materials for electrodes is the main bottleneck. The re‐emergence of safe liquid metals (LMs), which provide an ideal combination of metallic and fluidic properties at room temperature, offers a fascinating paradigm for constructing flexible chalcogen batteries. They may provide dendrite‐free anodes and restrain the dissolution of polysulfides and polyselenides for cathodes. From this perspective, we elaborate on the appealing features of LMs for the construction of flexible metal‐chalcogen batteries. Recent advances on LM‐based battery are discussed, covering novel liquid alkali metals as anodes and LM‐sulfur hybrids as cathodes, with the focus placed on durable high‐energy‐density output and self‐healing flexible capability. At last, perspectives are proposed on the future development of LM‐based chalcogen batteries, and the viable strategies to meet the current challenges that are obstructing more practical flexible chalcogen batteries.
New distributional records of Pallidogramme (lichenized ascomycota) from India with updated world key
Authors: Ingle Komal K. , Mishra Gaurav K. , Nayaka Sanjeeva , Upreti Dalip K.
Published: May 2022

India harbours 12 species of Pallidogramme, including P. chapadana (Redinger) Staiger, Kalb & Lücking, which is being reported as new record for the country. In addition, two species, viz. P. bengalensis B.O. Sharma & Khadilkar and P. chrysenteron (Mont.) Staiger, Kalb & Lücking have their known distribution range within India expanded. A detailed description and illustrations are provided for the new country record and comments are made on expanded distribution ranges. A world key to all known species of Pallidogramme is provided.
Study on green extraction of limonene from orange peel and cascade catalysis to produce carvol and carvone in deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Li Zongquan , Ma Yunjian , Hollmann Frank , Wang Yonghua
Published: May 2022

Carvol and carvone are oxidation products from the natural product limonene. They are important raw materials for the flavours and fragrances industry and also act as pharmaceutical active ingredients. Orange waste peels possibly represent an attractive source for limonene, but studies on valorizing orange peel wastes are rare. In this study, we report a new enzymatic cascade system for the in‐situ conversion of limonene from orange peel into valued‐added carvol and carvone. The use of deep eutectic solvents (DES) allows for efficient in‐situ extraction of limonene from waste orange peels. We propose a dual function use of DES as solvent for the extraction and the biocatalytic oxidation of limonene as well as cosubstrate to promote the oxidation reaction. Using ChCl‐Pro‐H2O DES for the extraction of limonene from waste orange peels, approximately 17 milligrams of limonene per gram of orange peel was achieved at 40°C for 24 h. Then, with ChCl‐Pro‐H2O DES as the extractant and reaction medium, a cascade reaction system of choline oxidase (ChOx) and unspecific peroxygenase (UPO) was established to catalyse the conversion of limonene into carvol and carvone. The concentration of the final products was up to about 1.6 mmol L−1. This study showed a biocatalytic transformation pathway and provides technical support for the high‐value utilization of waste in orange peel.
Abnormal liver tests are not sufficient for diagnosis of hepatic graft‐versus‐host disease in critically ill patients
Authors: Yang Alexander H. , Han Mai Ai Thanda , Samala Niharika , Rizvi Bisharah S. , Marchalik Rachel , Etzion Ohad , Wright Elizabeth C. , Patel Ruchi , Khan Vinshi , Kapuria Devika , Samala Venkat Vikramaditya , Kleiner David E. , Koh Christopher , Kanakry Jennifer A. , Kanakry Christopher G. , Pavletic Steven , Williams Kirsten M. , Heller Theo
Published: May 2022

Hepatic graft‐versus‐host disease (HGVHD) contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Clinical findings and liver biomarkers are neither sensitive nor specific. The relationship between clinical and histologic diagnoses of HGVHD was assessed premortem and at autopsy. Medical records from patients who underwent HSCT at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center between 2000 and 2012 and expired with autopsy were reviewed, and laboratory tests within 45 days of death were divided into 15‐day periods. Clinical diagnosis of HGVHD was based on Keystone Criteria or NIH Consensus Criteria, histologic diagnosis based on bile duct injury without significant inflammation, and exclusion of other potential etiologies. We included 37 patients, 17 of whom had a cholestatic pattern of liver injury and two had a mixed pattern. Fifteen were clinically diagnosed with HGVHD, two showed HGVHD on autopsy, and 13 had histologic evidence of other processes but no HGVHD. Biopsy or clinical diagnosis of GVHD of other organs during life did not correlate with HGVHD on autopsy. The diagnostic accuracy of the current criteria was poor (κ = −0.20). A logistic regression model accounting for dynamic changes included peak bilirubin 15 days before death, and an increase from period −30 (days 30 to 16 before death) to period −15 (15 days before death) showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.77. Infection was the immediate cause of death in 68% of patients. In conclusion, liver biomarkers at baseline and GVHD elsewhere are poor predictors of HGVHD on autopsy, and current clinical diagnostic criteria have unsatisfactory performance. Peak bilirubin and cholestatic injury predicted HGVHD on autopsy. A predictive model was developed accounting for changes over time. Further validation is needed.
Combination of KIT and FLT3‐ITD mutation status with minimal residual disease levels guides treatment strategy for adult patients with inv(16) acute myeloid leukemia in first complete remission
Authors: Wang Jun , Dao Feng‐Ting , Wang Yu , Jiang Hao , Xu Lan‐Ping , Zhao Xiao‐Su , Zhang Xiao‐Hui , Liu Kai‐Yan , Huang Xiao‐Jun , Jiang Qian , Qin Ya‐Zhen
Published: May 2022

Although several studies have investigated the benefits of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) for patients with inv (16) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first complete remission (CR1) individually stratified by KIT or FMS‐like tyrosine kinase 3‐internal tandem duplication (FLT3‐ITD) mutation status or minimal residual disease (MRD) levels, evaluation based on the combination of mutation status and MRD levels remains absent. This study included 157 adult patients with inv (16) AML who were consecutively diagnosed and receiving treatment at our center. A total of 50 (31.6%) patients had KIT mutations (KITMU), and the risk of relapse was significantly higher in patients with KITMU than in patients with KITWT (p < 0.001). A total of 12 patients (7.6%) had FLT3‐ITD, and FLT3‐ITD+ tended to be related to a higher risk of relapse (p = 0.14). KITMU, FLT3‐ITD and MRD3‐H (beta subunit of core binding factor–myosin heavy chain 11 levels >0.2% after course 2 of consolidation therapy) were independent adverse prognostic factors for relapse with patients who received allo‐HSCT at CR1 were censored at the time of transplantation. After combination, patients were categorized into molecularly defined high‐risk (M‐HR; KITMU or FLT3‐ITD+ with MRD3‐H; n = 30), low‐risk (M‐LR; KITWT and FLT3‐ITD‐ with MRD3‐L; n = 45) and intermediate‐risk (M‐IR; others; n = 70) groups. For the M‐HR group, allo‐HSCT significantly improved both cumulative incidence of relapse cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) and overall survival (OS) (11.1% vs. 92.6%, p < 0.001; 90.0% vs. 34.1%, p = 0.019). For the M‐IR group, allo‐HSCT significantly improved CIR but did not affect OS (14.1% vs. 62.2%, p = 0.0004; 73.3% vs. 68.3%, p = 0.43). For the M‐LR group, allo‐HSCT had no significant effect on both CIR and OS (0% vs. 35.1%, p = 0.31; 100% vs. 78.8%, p = 0.22). Therefore, the combination of KIT and FLT3‐ITD mutation status with MRD levels may identify inv (16) AML patients with high‐risk who can benefit from allo‐HSCT in CR1.
Dynamic modeling of a water tube boiler
Authors: Jha R. S. , Lele Mandar M.
Published: May 2022

The present work aims to develop an integrated heat transfer and hydrodynamic model for the study of boiler dynamics in fluctuating load conditions. A transient heat transfer model has been developed to estimate water side heat transfer and it is directly integrated with the hydrodynamic model. Two independent natural circulation circuits for furnace water wall and convection tube bank have been considered due to differences in heat transfer, dryness fraction, and void fraction. The transient heat transfer model calculates the heat transfer and water wall temperature of the various sections to calculate total gas side heat transfer, gas temperature profile, and waterside heat transfer in the furnace water wall and convection tube bank. Mass momentum and energy conservation equations are generated for both natural circulation circuits using the estimated value of waterside heat transfer of the transient heat transfer model. These equations are integrated with mass and energy conservation equations for the drum below water level and drum above water level to generate a system of equations to estimate drum pressure and water level fluctuation. This model has been extended for boiler feedback control systems, including the load management and the water level control system.
Event scale hydrograph responses highlight impacts of widespread stream burial and urban infrastructure failures
Authors: Forgrave Rebecca , Elliott Emily M. , Bain Daniel J.
Published: May 2022

Fast hydrologic responses to storms in urban areas are often attributed to high percentages of impervious surfaces; however, another factor affecting urban storm response is channel burial. No previous studies have documented storm event responses in buried streams despite how common stream burial is in urban areas, with some US cities having over 75% of all headwater channels buried. Understanding event dynamics is particularly important as climate change predictions suggest an increase in frequency of high intensity storms and urban flooding. This study used 15‐min precipitation and discharge data over a period of 6.5 years to categorize storm event responses in Nine Mile Run, an urban watershed in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania where 98% of all channels are buried. Extensive stream burial led to lower watershed retention capacity and resulted in faster storm event responses relative to other urban streams with comparable imperviousness. Additionally, urban water subsidies in the form of sewer overflows, hydrant flushing, or water line breaks can have measurable contributions to flow event responses and result in seemingly unfeasible runoff ratios. This study demonstrates novel watershed runoff responses in systems dominated by subsurface infrastructure, which play a key role in urban water balance. Additionally, this study highlights the fact that stream restoration is not a universal solution to urban stream flashiness because downstream restoration cannot resolve the impacts of upstream burial.
Blends of gelatin and hyaluronic acid stratified by stereolithographic bioprinting approximate cartilaginous matrix gradients
Authors: Shopperly Lennard K. , Spinnen Jacob , Krüger Jan‐Philipp , Endres Michaela , Sittinger Michael , Lam Tobias , Kloke Lutz , Dehne Tilo
Published: May 2022

Stereolithographic bioprinting holds great promise in the quest for creating artificial, biomimetic cartilage‐like tissue. To introduce a more biomimetic approach, we examined blending and stratifying methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) and methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) bioinks to mimic the zonal structure of articular cartilage. Bioinks were suspended with porcine chondrocytes before being printed in a digital light processing approach. Homogenous constructs made from hybrid bioinks of varying polymer ratios as well as stratified constructs combining different bioink blends were cultivated over 14 days and analyzed by histochemical staining for proteoglycans/collagen type II, cartilage marker expression analysis, and for cellular viability. The stiffness of blended bioinks increased gradually with HAMA content, from 2.41 ± 0.58 kPa (5% GelMA, 0% HAMA) to 8.84 ± 0.11 kPa (0% GelMA, 2% HAMA). Cell‐laden constructs maintained vital chondrocytes and supported the formation of proteoglycans and collagen type II. Higher concentrations of GelMA resulted in increased formation of cartilaginous matrix proteins and a more premature phenotype. However, decreased matrix production in central areas of constructs was observed in higher GelMA content constructs. Biomimetically stratified constructs retained their gradient‐like structure even after ECM formation, and exclusively exhibited a significant increase in COL2A1 gene expression (+178%). Concluding, we showed the feasibility of blending and stratifying photopolymerizable, natural biopolymers by SLA bioprinting to modulate chondrocyte attributes and to create zonally segmented ECM structures, contributing to improved modeling of cartilaginous tissue for regenerative therapies or in vitro models.
Identification of a novel lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA competing endogenous RNA network associated with prognosis of breast cancer
Authors: Wan Xiaohui , Hao Shuhong , Hu Chunmei , Qu Rongfeng
Published: May 2022

Recently, the effects of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) on molecular biological mechanism of cancer have aroused great interest. In this study, long noncoding RNA‐microRNA‐messenger RNA (lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA) ceRNA network was screened and constructed based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and its efficacy in predicting the prognosis of breast cancer patients was evaluated. The RNA‐sequencing, miRNA‐sequencing, and corresponding clinical information were downloaded from the TCGA database, and differentially expressed genes were screened after data searching. The similarity between two groups of genes was analyzed by weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Next, the interaction among lncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA was predicted followed construction of the lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA ceRNA network. Finally, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to screen prognostic factors to construct prognostic risk model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the efficacy of this model in predicting the prognosis of breast cancer patients. In total 5056 differentially expressed lncRNAs, 712 differentially expressed miRNAs, and 9878 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified in breast cancer tissues. WGCNA predicted that 823 lncRNAs and 1813 mRNAs were closely related to breast cancer. The lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA ceRNA network involved in breast cancer was constructed based on 27 lncRNA, 14 miRNAs, and 4 mRNAs. ZC3H12B, HRH1, TMEM132C, and PAG were the possible independent risk factors for the prognosis of breast cancer patients with the area under the signal characteristic curve under ROC curve of 0.609. This study suggested that the prognosis risk model based on ZC3H12B, HRH1, TMEM132C, and PAG1 accurately predicted the prognosis of breast cancer patients.
Gliadin induced oxidative stress and altered cellular responses in human intestinal cells: An in‐vitro study to understand the cross‐talk between the transcription factor Nrf‐2 and multifunctional APE1 enzyme
Authors: Gupta Kunj Bihari , Dhiman Monisha , Mantha Anil Kumar
Published: May 2022

The present study examined the wheat protein gliadin‐induced oxidative and nitrosative stress and its downstream responses in human intestinal HCT‐116 and HT‐29 cells. The beneficial role of dietary phytochemical curcumin and role of multifunctional enzyme Apurinic/aprymidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) a major player involved in the base excision repair (BER)‐pathway in gliadin intolerant intestinal HCT‐116 and HT‐29 cell lines were evaluated as an in vitro model study. The cultured cells were exposed to gliadin protein, H2O2, and curcumin followed by the assessment of oxidative stress and the consequences were measured using spectrophotometric, PCR, flow cytometer, Western blotting, confocal microscopy, and other methods. Results demonstrate that a 3 h pretreatment of curcumin, followed by the treatment of gliadin protein for 24 h time period protected both the HCT‐116 and HT‐29 cells via: (i) decreasing the ROS/RNS, restoring the mitochondrial transmembrane potential; (ii) re‐establishing the cellular antioxidant defense system (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and GSH); (iii) enhancing the functions of APE1 viz. endonuclease activity and redox activation of transcription factor Nrf‐2, the later binds with the antioxidant response elements (ARE) and activates downstream targets involved in cell survival. The cross‐talk between APE1 and Nrf‐2 was also established using immunofluorescence imaging and co‐immunoprecipitation assays. In conclusion, gliadin protein induces oxidative/nitrosative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and it damages cellular biomolecules in the intestinal cells. Hence it can be attributed to the tissue damage and disease pathogenesis in wheat intolerance‐associated intestinal diseases. The gliadin‐induced stress and its consequences are significantly reduced by the pretreatment of curcumin via BER‐pathway and ARE‐pathway; which is evident through the interaction between these two essential proteins. Hence suggesting for the intervention of curcumin and other natural dietary phytochemicals‐based disease management and treatment of gliadin intolerance associated intestinal diseases like celiac disease.
Nucleocapsid protein of SARS‐CoV‐2 is a potential target for developing new generation of vaccine
Authors: Feng Weixu , Xiang Yunru , Wu Lianpeng , Chen Zhuo , Li Qingfeng , Chen Jun , Guo Yanru , Xia Dandan , Chen Na , Zhang Lifang , Zhu Shanli , Zhao Kong‐Nan
Published: May 2022

Background

SARS‐CoV‐2 has spread worldwide causing more than 400 million people with virus infections since early 2020. Currently, the existing vaccines targeting the spike glycoprotein (S protein) of SARS‐CoV‐2 are facing great challenge from the infection of SARS‐CoV‐2 virus and its multiple S protein variants. Thus, we need to develop a new generation of vaccines to prevent infection of the SARS‐CoV‐2 variants. Compared with the S protein, the nucleocapsid protein (N protein) of SARS‐CoV‐2 is more conservative and less mutations, which also plays a vital role in viral infection. Therefore, the N protein may have the great potential for developing new vaccines.

Methods

The N protein of SARS‐CoV‐2 was recombinantly expressed and purified in Escherichia coli. Western Blot and ELISA assays were used to demonstrate the immunoreactivity of the recombinant N protein with the serum of 22 COVID‐19 patients. We investigated further the response of the specific serum antibodies and cytokine production in BALB/c mice immunized with recombinant N protein by Western Blot and ELISA.

Results

The N protein had good immunoreactivity and the production of IgG antibody against N protein in COVID‐19 patients was tightly correlated with disease severity. Furthermore, the N protein was used to immunize BALB/c mice to have elicited strong immune responses. Not only high levels of IgG antibody, but also cytokine‐IFN‐γ were produced in the N protein‐immunized mice. Importantly, the N protein immunization induced a high level of IgM antibody produced in the mice.

Conclusion

SARS‐CoV‐2 N protein shows a great big bundle of potentiality for developing a new generation of vaccines in fighting infection of SARS‐CoV‐2 and its variants.
Novel combined UGT1A1 mutations in Crigler Najjar Syndrome type I
Authors: Abdellaoui Nawel , Abdelmoula Balkiss , Abdelhedi Rania , Kharrat Najla , Tabebi Mouna , Rebai Ahmed , Bouayed Abdelmoula Nouha
Published: May 2022

Background

Uridine diphosphate‐glucuronosyl transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1), which is the major UGT1 gene product, is located on chromosome 2q37. The expression of UGT1A1 is relatively managed by a polymorphic dinucleotide repeat inside the promoter TATA box consisting of 5–8 copies of a TA repeat. A (TA) 6TAA is considered as the wild type. The A (TA) 7TAA allele has been identified as the most frequent allele in the Caucasian populations while A (TA) 8TAA allele remains the rarest allele worldwide in North Africa, including the Arab populations.

Methods

The spectrum of UGT1A1 genetic mutations in seventeen Tunisian children affected by persistent unconjugated hyperbilirubinemias is represented in addition to their relatives, notably parents, sisters, and brothers. Tunisian children, from 16 unrelated families as well as a 17th family without CN1 affected child, were originated from the West Center of Tunisia. The promoter region and coding exons of the UGT1A1 were PCR amplified, subsequently subjected to Sanger sequencing.

Results

The frequencies of genotypes in CN1 patients were as follows (TA) (7/7) (12/17: 70.6%) and (TA) (8/8) (5/17: 29.4%). All patients harbored the c.1070A>G mutation of exon 3 (UGT1A1*16) in the homozygous state. Among relatives of our patients (n = 16), who were all heterozygotes for UGT1A1*16, 13/16 (81.25%) had a heterozygous state for UGT1A1∗1/UGT1A1∗28 or (TA) (6/7) and, 18.75% (3/16) were heterozygous for UGT1A1∗28/UGT1A1∗37 or (TA) (7/8) of the promoter polymorphisms.

Conclusion

UGT1A1*16 accompanied with UGT1A1*28 or UGT1A1*37 had a specific geographic and ethnic distribution for CN pathogenesis in this Tunisian cohort.
The socio‐ecological psychology of residential mobility
Authors: Oishi Shigehiro , Tsang Shelly
Published: May 2022

From ancient time, Homo sapiens moved around in search of a better life. Although the development of agriculture and industrialization no longer necessitates frequently moving to find new food sources, people today still change their residences for a variety of reasons. This article highlights key findings from residential mobility, focusing on its implications for the self, social relationships, societies, and well‐being. Generally, residential mobility shifts individual attention away from collective attributes toward personal attributes. It also changes people's relationship styles and preferences, leading individuals to favor wider social networks, more open communication, low‐commitment groups, and egalitarian helpers. In addition, it increases tolerance for norm violations and moral deviations. Lastly, residential mobility can explain some cross‐national and within‐nation variations. This article reviews recent psychological research on residential mobility and then discusses limitations, paradoxical findings, and future directions.
Urinary extracellular vesicles contain mature transcriptome enriched in circular and long noncoding RNAs with functional significance in prostate cancer
Authors: Almeida Anna , Gabriel Marc , Firlej Virginie , Martin‐Jaular Lorena , Lejars Matthieu , Cipolla Rocco , Petit Floriane , Vogt Nicolas , San‐Roman Mabel , Dingli Florent , Loew Damarys , Destouches Damien , Vacherot Francis , de la Taille Alexandre , Théry Clotilde , Morillon Antonin
Published: May 2022

Long noncoding (lnc)RNAs modulate gene expression alongside presenting unexpected source of neoantigens. Despite their immense interest, their ability to be transferred and control adjacent cells is unknown. Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) offer a protective environment for nucleic acids, with pro and antitumourigenic functions by controlling the immune response. In contrast to extracellular nonvesicular RNA, few studies have addressed the full RNA content within human fluids’ EVs and have compared them with their tissue of origin. Here, we performed Total RNA‐Sequencing on six Formalin‐Fixed‐Paraffin‐Embedded (FFPE) prostate cancer (PCa) tumour tissues and their paired urinary (u)EVs to provide the first whole transcriptome comparison from the same patients. UEVs contain simplified transcriptome with intron‐free cytoplasmic transcripts and enriched lnc/circular (circ)RNAs, strikingly common to an independent 20 patients’ urinary cohort. Our full cellular and EVs transcriptome comparison within three PCa cell lines identified a set of overlapping 14 uEV‐circRNAs characterized as essential for prostate cell proliferation in vitro and 28 uEV‐lncRNAs belonging to the cancer‐related lncRNA census (CLC2). In addition, we found 15 uEV‐lncRNAs, predicted to encode 768 high‐affinity neoantigens, and for which three of the encoded‐ORF produced detectable unmodified peptides by mass spectrometry. Our dual analysis of EVs‐lnc/circRNAs both in urines’ and in vitro’s EVs provides a fundamental resource for future uEV‐lnc/circRNAs phenotypic characterization involved in PCa.
Liver cancer cells with nuclear MET overexpression release translation regulatory protein‐enriched extracellular vesicles exhibit metastasis promoting activity
Authors: Tey Sze Keong , Wong Samuel Wan Ki , Yeung Cherlie Lot Sum , Li Jason Ying Ki , Mao Xiaowen , Chung Clive Yik Sham , Yam Judy Wai Ping
Published: May 2022

MET receptor tyrosine kinase is a cell surface receptor that plays important role in embryonic development and tissue regeneration. Aberrant MET activation has been widely reported in different human cancers, making MET an attractive therapeutic target. The presence of truncated MET within the nucleus (nMET) with potential novel functions poses a great challenge to the current therapeutic strategies against MET surface receptor. Previous work has demonstrated the promoting effect of nMET in aggressive properties of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells by activating TAK1/NF‐κB signalling pathway. Herein, we report the role of nMET in modulating tumour microenvironment and tumour metastasis mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs released by nMET overexpressing cells enhanced cell motility and provoked metastasis. Proteomic profiling revealed the enrichment of translational regulatory proteins in EVs derived from nMET overexpressing cells. These proteins include eukaryotic initiation factor (EIF), ribosomal protein small subunit (RPS) and ribosomal protein larger subunit (RPL) gene families. Knockdown of EIF3I, RPS3A and RPL10 diminished the promoting effect of EVs in cell migration invasiveness and metastasis. In conclusion, the findings reveal an unrecognized capacity of nMET to augment HCC through the release of EVs with oncogenic effect. Targeting these translation‐related proteins may serve as an alternative treatment for patients with nMET overexpression.
Hamiltonian decompositions of 4‐regular Cayley graphs of infinite abelian groups
Authors: Erde Joshua , Lehner Florian
Published: May 2022

A well‐known conjecture of Alspach says that every ‐regular Cayley graph of a finite abelian group can be decomposed into Hamiltonian cycles. We consider an analogous question for infinite abelian groups. In this setting one natural analogue of a Hamiltonian cycle is a spanning double‐ray. However, a naive generalisation of Alspach's conjecture fails to hold in this setting due to the existence of ‐regular Cayley graphs with finite cuts , where and differ in parity, which necessarily preclude the existence of a decomposition into spanning double‐rays. We show that every 4‐regular Cayley graph of an infinite abelian group all of whose finite cuts are even can be decomposed into spanning double‐rays, and so characterise when such decompositions exist. We also characterise when such graphs can be decomposed either into Hamiltonian circles, a more topological generalisation of a Hamiltonian cycle in infinite graphs, or into a Hamiltonian circle and a spanning double‐ray.
Advance directives completion and hospital out‐of‐pocket expenditures
Authors: Zhu Yujun , Enguidanos Susan
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Health care costs remain high at the end of life. It is not known if there is a relationship between advance directive (AD) completion and hospital out‐of‐pocket costs. This analysis investigated whether AD completion was associated with lower hospital out‐of‐pocket costs at end of life.

Methods

We used Health and Retirement Study participants who died between 2000 and 2014 (N = 9228) to examine the association between AD completion status and hospital out‐of‐pocket spending in the last 2 years of life through the use of a two‐part model controlling for socioeconomic status, death‐related characteristics and health insurance coverage.

Results

About 44% of decedents had completed ADs. Having an AD was significantly associated with $673 lower hospital out‐of‐pocket costs, with a higher magnitude of savings among younger decedents. Decedents who completed ADs 3 months or less before death had higher out‐of‐pocket costs ($1854 on average) than those who completed ADs more than 3 months before death ($1176 on average).

Conclusions

AD completion was significantly associated with lower hospital out‐of‐pocket costs, with greater out‐of‐pocket savings among younger decedents. Early AD completers experienced lower costs than decedents who completed ADs closer to death.
「いわゆる日本型ER」のありかた提言 初版(Proposal for an ideal “Japanese–style ER”: First Edition)
Authors: (Emergency Department Review Committee, Japanese Association 日本救急医学会 救急外来部門検討委員会
Published: May 2022

【背景】初期・二次救急を含む幅広い救急診療を行う能力を持つ医師が求められている。そのようななか「『いわゆる日本型ERのありかた』につき検討する」という課題に取り組んだ。【方法】欧米における救急医のありかたおよび教育体制を参考に，日本の社会情勢に適した救急診療のありかたにつき議論を行った。【結果】「診療領域・重症度を問わない救急外来診療を専門に行う医師」の専門性確立のための枠組み整備が重要課題として抽出された。我々は，診療科を問わない初期・二次救急診療において，専門性を発揮できる医師を“Emergency Physician”と位置づけ，備えるべき技能・プロフェッショナリズムを，Milestoneの形式で提示することとした。また，救急外来という“場所”に備えるべき機能を，地域救急システムの中で担うべき役割を考慮し，提示した。【結論】我々は，Emergency Physicianが救急科専門医のsubspecialtyの一つとして位置づけられることが望ましいと考える。将来的には公的なライセンスとして確立されるべく，本提言をたたき台として今後議論が深まることを期待する。救急医の常駐化が必須とされるであろう将来を見据え，救急外来診療においてEmergency Physicianが有機的に機能することにより，救急患者診療の質向上につながると確信している。
COVID–19後に成人多系統炎症性症候群および特徴的な眼症状を呈した1例(A case of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults and characteristic ocular symptoms after COVID–19)
Authors: (Yusuke Shibata) 柴田 裕介 , (Takeru Maruyama) 丸山 尊 , (Momoko Iwamoto) 岩本 桃子 , (Hirotoshi Ide) 井出 博敏 , (Masashi Ooe) 大江 将史 , (Atsushi Shima) 島 惇 , (Takeshi Ueda) 上田 剛士
Published: May 2022

成人多系統炎症性症候群（multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adult: MIS–A）は，COVID–19罹患後に発症する稀な症候群であるが，日本人のMIS–A症例はほとんど報告されていない。ここではCOVID–19から回復した3週間後に，多臓器不全（心血管や消化器）と顕著な炎症マーカーの上昇を呈した54歳日本人女性のMIS–A症例を報告する。経過中にぶどう膜炎を示唆する羞明，流涙を認めたことが特徴的であった。免疫グロブリン静注投与とステロイド投与により症状は改善した。入院19日目には退院し，その後再発はなかった。COVID–19罹患後の多臓器不全や眼症状を呈した患者を治療する際に，この症候群を認識することは重要である。