bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Types and Forms of Fishermen Conflicts in the Utilization of Coastal Resources in Maros Regency, South Sulawesi Province
Authors: Daris L , Massiseng A N A , Fachry M E , Zaenab S , Jaya J , Mustaking M
Published: March 2023

Maros Regency is an area that has potential coastal resources. The social interaction of fishing communities in the coastal regions of Maros Regency is relatively high in the effort to utilize fishery resources. This is marked by the various fishing gear used by fishers, so the phenomenon of fisherman conflict becomes a social process that also colours the social interactions of these fishing groups. Differences in resource utilization and management methods can trigger social conflicts between fishers involving other stakeholder components. This study aims to analyze the types and forms of conflicts in the use of coastal resources that occur in the coastal areas of Maros Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The methods used are observation, interviews and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with qualitative data analysis to describe the types and forms of conflicts in the use of coastal resources, and quantitatively with spatial analysis methods using Geographic Information System (GIS) applications to analyze conflict locations. The results showed that the types of fishing conflicts in the Maros Regency’s coastal areas were agrarian conflicts, class conflicts, technological conflicts, and conflicts of perception. The forms of conflict in the use of natural resources (including fishery resources) are horizontal conflicts (traditional fishers and klitik net fishermen) with semi-modern fishermen (cantrang fishermen) and vertical conflicts (semi-modern fishermen and cantrang fishers) with the government ( Maros District Fisheries Service, Camat and Village Heads, both open (manifest) and closed (latent).
Study of Types and Production of Trap Net Fishery Fish based on Moon Phase in the Waters of Segeri District, Pangkep Regency, South Sulawesi Indonesian
Authors: Ihsan Ihsan , Jamal Muhammad , Asbar  , Suriadin Herianto , Kafi Ahmad Taufik
Published: March 2023

The research was carried out in October-November 2020 in the waters of the Pangkep Regency. The data collected consisted of primary and secondary data, using direct observation in the field. Tidal observations were carried out in every moon phase for 2 x 24 hours. I collected data on the type and number of catches in each month’s phase. Tidal analysis using the criminal method and descriptive analysis of the types and quantities of trap net fish production (kg) and (Rp). The full moon phase is the highest tide at 185 cm and the lowest at 42 cm. The average sea level (mean sea level) is 113.5 cm. Types of trap net catch based on the moon phase in the waters of Sergei District, Pangkep Regency, identified 13 types of catches. The highest amount of fish production was obtained by the full moon phase of 100 kg, followed by the 80 kg dead moon phase, 95 kg early quarter moon, and 65 kg final quarter moon phase.
Digital Transformation on Aquaculture in Indonesia through eFishery
Authors: Zainudin Arif , Habibullah Akhmad , Arfiani Yuni , Mumpuni Sesya Dias
Published: March 2023

The Indonesian government has set an ambitious target for aquaculture growth in Indonesia by 2030. Governance is currently continuing to develop, especially in terms of managing the maritime sector. There are many researchers related to aquaculture management, then it is important that there is a major change toward digital in the management of aquaculture and fisheries in Indonesia. Rapid technological developments make it easier for humans to work and increase production, especially in aquaculture. This study uses qualitative research, using bibliometrics as a method. To see the urgency of the discussion studied also uses a qualitative with a descriptive approach to explaining into the existing discussion. Digital transformation has penetrated all aspects, including aquaculture in Indonesia. Indonesia has extraordinary potential, but great potential does not mean that it is successful, if it is not managed properly and does not utilize technology, it will definitely be left behind.
Molybdenum disulfide/phosphorus-doped carbon nanosheet composites as anode materials for sodium ion batteries
Authors: Chen Weize , Peng Junwen , Zhou Yunlong , Cen Kunfeng , Lv Jingru , Cao Xiaofen
Published: March 2023

In this paper, the phosphorus-doped carbon nanosheet and molybdenum disulfide (P-CNSs-MoS2) composites was synthesized by a hydrothermal method, and the P-CNSs-MoS2composites could be applied as anode material for Na+battery. The morphology and structure of the composites were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). And the electrochemical properties of the composite were also measured. The results showed that the size of MoS2material became significantly larger by the attachment and derivation of phosphorus-doped carbon nanosheets, which could also further promote the diffusion of electrons and sodium ions. As the current density was 0.1 A g−1, the first cycle specific discharge capacity of P-CNSs-MoS2composite could reach 1059.2 mA·h/g and its reversible specific capacity could still maintain at 446.2mA·h/g after 20 cycles.
Estimating the multiple impacts on CO2 emissions for BRICS and ASEAN countries
Authors: Tan Wenting
Published: March 2023

This paper employ the autoregressive distribution lag (ARDL) and tool of co-integration for exploring the causality between CO2 emissions, GDP, the renewable energy consumption, the resource rent and environmentally related technological innovation in BRICS and ASEAN countries over the period 1990–2019. Empirical results show that: (1) Economic growth and CO2 emissions are positively correlated, which show statistical significance both at short and long time, whether the five BRICS countries, the six ASEAN countries or the whole sample, and show positive causal relation between economic development and CO2 emissions. (2) Between the resource rent, the renewable energy consumption, and environmentally related technological innovation,which exist both positive and negative relationships with CO2 emission for the five BRICS countries and the six ASEAN countries, and show different effects both the short and long time. (3) This paper explores the feasibility of reducing CO2 emissions and improving sustainable economic growth in the five BRICS and six ASEAN countries.
Research and exploration on the path to realize the “Double Carbon” goal in China
Authors: Jiaxiao Mu , Ying Shi , Jinwen Mu , Tingrui Chen
Published: March 2023

In order to ensure energy security, China should make full use of existing resources, such as the open space on highways, highways and railways, the roofs of industrial and mining areas, towns and villages, and the large-scale clustering of deserts, gobi, wastelands and grasslands to vigorously develop new energy such as photovoltaic power and wind power. At the same time, large-scale construction of pumping and solar thermal energy storage power stations on the mountains of various provinces, cities and counties in China will adjust and balance China’s large power grid, To achieve the goal of reducing carbon without reducing productivity, this paper also analyzes and demonstrates its feasibility from the perspective of comprehensive social benefits and investment, and proposes that large-scale cluster construction of wind and electricity in offshore waters should no longer be carried out globally.
Predicting thermoelectric transport properties from composition with attention-based deep learning
Authors: Antunes Luis M , Butler Keith T , Grau-Crespo Ricardo
Published: March 2023

Thermoelectric materials can be used to construct devices which recycle waste heat into electricity. However, the best known thermoelectrics are based on rare, expensive or even toxic elements, which limits their widespread adoption. To enable deployment on global scales, new classes of effective thermoelectrics are thus required. Ab initio models of transport properties can help in the design of new thermoelectrics, but they are still too computationally expensive to be solely relied upon for high-throughput screening in the vast chemical space of all possible candidates. Here, we use models constructed with modern machine learning techniques to scan very large areas of inorganic materials space for novel thermoelectrics, using composition as an input. We employ an attention-based deep learning model, trained on data derived from ab initio calculations, to predict a material’s Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and power factor over a range of temperatures and n- or p-type doping levels, with surprisingly good performance given the simplicity of the input, and with significantly lower computational cost. The results of applying the model to a space of known and hypothetical binary and ternary selenides reveal several materials that may represent promising thermoelectrics. Our study establishes a protocol for composition-based prediction of thermoelectric behaviour that can be easily enhanced as more accurate theoretical or experimental databases become available.
Infections among individuals with multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Hu Yihan , Hu Kejia , Song Huan , Pawitan Yudi , Piehl Fredrik , Fang Fang
Published: March 2023

A link between neurodegenerative diseases and infections has been previously reported. However, it is not clear to what extent such link is caused by confounding factors or to what extent it is intimately connected with the underlying conditions. Further, studies on the impact of infections on mortality risk following neurodegenerative diseases are rare. We analysed two data sets with different characteristics: (i) a community-based cohort from the UK Biobank with 2023 patients with multiple sclerosis, 2200 patients with Alzheimer’s disease, 3050 patients with Parkinson’s disease diagnosed before 1 March 2020 and 5 controls per case who were randomly selected and individually matched to the case; (ii) a Swedish Twin Registry cohort with 230 patients with multiple sclerosis, 885 patients with Alzheimer’s disease and 626 patients with Parkinson’s disease diagnosed before 31 December 2016 and their disease-free co-twins. The relative risk of infections after a diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease was estimated using stratified Cox models, with adjustment for differences in baseline characteristics. Causal mediation analyses of survival outcomes based on Cox models were performed to assess the impact of infections on mortality. Compared with matched controls or unaffected co-twins, we observed an elevated infection risk after diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases, with a fully adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 2.45 (2.24–2.69) for multiple sclerosis, 5.06 (4.58–5.59) for Alzheimer’s disease and 3.72 (3.44–4.01) for Parkinson’s disease in the UK Biobank cohort, and 1.78 (1.21–2.62) for multiple sclerosis, 1.50 (1.19–1.88) for Alzheimer’s disease and 2.30 (1.79–2.95) for Parkinson’s disease in the twin cohort. Similar risk increases were observed when we analysed infections during the 5 years before diagnosis of the respective disease. Occurrence of infections after diagnosis had, however, relatively little impact on mortality, as mediation of infections on mortality (95% confidence interval) was estimated as 31.89% (26.83–37.11%) for multiple sclerosis, 13.38% (11.49–15.29%) for Alzheimer’s disease and 18.85% (16.95–20.97%) for Parkinson’s disease in the UK Biobank cohort, whereas it was 6.56% (−3.59 to 16.88%) for multiple sclerosis, −2.21% (−0.21 to 4.65%) for Parkinson’s disease and −3.89% (−7.27 to −0.51%) for Alzheimer’s disease in the twin cohort. Individuals with studied neurodegenerative diseases display an increased risk of infections independently of genetic and familial environment factors. A similar magnitude of risk increase is present prior to confirmed diagnosis, which may indicate a modulating effect of the studied neurological conditions on immune defences.
Gluconeogenesis in the kidney: in health and in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Dalga Delal , Verissimo Thomas , de Seigneux Sophie
Published: March 2023

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health issue with increasing prevalence. Despite large improvements in current therapies, slowing CKD progression remains a challenge. A better understanding of renal pathophysiology is needed to offer new therapeutic targets. The role of metabolism alterations and mitochondrial dysfunction in tubular cells is increasingly recognized in CKD progression. In proximal tubular cells, CKD progression is associated with a switch from fatty acid oxidation to glycolysis. Glucose synthesis through gluconeogenesis is one of the principal physiological functions of the kidney. Loss of tubular gluconeogenesis in a stage-dependent manner is a key feature of CKD and contributes to systemic and possibly local metabolic complications. The local consequences observed may be related to an accumulation of precursors, such as glycogen, but also to the various physiological functions of the gluconeogenesis enzymes. The basic features of metabolism in proximal tubular cells and their modifications during CKD will be reviewed. The metabolic modifications and their influence on kidney disease will be described, as well as the local and systemic consequences. Finally, therapeutic interventions will be discussed.
Pilot evaluation of a virtual training program for child injury prevention
Authors: McCart M , Glang A , Kelley K , Perez A , Minor D , Hitchcock J W , Miles L , Schwebel D C
Published: March 2023

Unintentional injuries are a leading cause of child death. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of a behavioral injury prevention program for children aged 3–18 years and their caregivers. To accommodate families during the Coronavirus-19 pandemic, training was modified to be delivered virtually. Forty-one children aged 3–18 years and 14 parents/caregivers of children aged 3–5 years attended one of several 4-hour online injury prevention training sessions directed toward residents of Washington state. Training was targeted to three different developmental stages (ages 3–5, 6–12 and 13–18 years). Study outcomes included knowledge about injury prevention strategies, perceived vulnerability for injury, self-efficacy to engage in safety behaviors and behavioral intentions to be safe. Following training, participants showed improved self-efficacy to stay safe, excellent knowledge about the learned material and increased behavioral intention to engage safely. There was minimal change in perceived vulnerability to injury among children; caregivers of young children felt their children were somewhat less vulnerable to injury following the training. Almost all participants said they would recommend the program to others. Results suggest that a virtual behavioral training program delivered remotely is feasible and may be effective to create behavior change and reduce child injury risk. Given its scalability and reach, such programs are recommended for further study, refinement and, if demonstrated effective in larger-scale controlled trials, dissemination to address the leading cause of child mortality in the United States, unintentional injury.
The ABA-induced NAC transcription factor MdNAC1 interacts with a bZIP-type transcription factor to promote anthocyanin synthesis in red-fleshed apples
Authors: Liu Wenjun , Mei Zhuoxin , Yu Lei , Gu Tingting , Li Zhiqiang , Zou Qi , Zhang Shuhui , Fang Hongcheng , Wang Yicheng , Zhang Zongying , Chen Xuesen , Wang Nan
Published: March 2023

Anthocyanins are valuable compounds in red-fleshed apples. The MdMYB10 transcription factor is an important regulator of the anthocyanin synthesis pathway. However, other transcription factors are key components of the complex network controlling anthocyanin synthesis and should be more thoroughly characterized. In this study, we used a yeast-based screening technology to identify MdNAC1 as a transcription factor that positively regulates anthocyanin synthesis. The overexpression of MdNAC1 in apple fruits and calli significantly promoted the accumulation of anthocyanins. In binding experiments, we demonstrated that MdNAC1 combines with the bZIP-type transcription factor MdbZIP23 to activate the transcription of MdMYB10 and MdUFGT. Our analyses also indicated that the expression of MdNAC1 is strongly induced by ABA because of the presence of an ABRE cis-acting element in its promoter. Additionally, the accumulation of anthocyanins in apple calli co-transformed with MdNAC1 and MdbZIP23 increased in the presence of ABA. Therefore, we revealed a novel anthocyanin synthesis mechanism involving the ABA-induced transcription factor MdNAC1 in red-fleshed apples.
Cecum perforation by plug migration: an unexpected late complication of inguinal hernia mesh repair
Authors: Policarpo Filipa , Rafael Ana Alves , Borges Miguel Fróis , Azevedo Fernando
Published: March 2023

Case of a 79-year-old male previously submitted to Rutkow-Robbins inguinal hernia repair. He presented himself at the Emergency Room with an inguinal inflammatory mass and bowel obstruction for 5 days. A strangulated recurrent inguinal hernia was assumed and emergency surgery was performed. Since an inguinal abscess was present, a midline laparotomy was performed. The previous polypropylene plug was found in an intraperitoneal position, fistulizing to the cecum and creating a 2 cm wide perforation, without intraperitoneal collections or bowel compromise. An en bloc atypical resection of the cecum with the plug was performed and the abdominal wall abscess was drained. The patient had a slow, but uneventful postoperative course. Given the rarity of cases, the high variability of clinical presentation and the potential seriousness of mesh migration complications, the authors review the topic of mesh migration.
A case of rare gastric metastasis of invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Liang Yicong , Paredes Steven R , Karpes Josh , Chau Bruce T C , Wang Frank
Published: March 2023

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer diagnosed among women worldwide. It significantly contributes to cancer-related mortality in females. Early-stage breast cancers have a high cure rate. However, distant metastasis of breast cancer due to haematological and lymphatic spread often leads to a poor prognosis. Gastric and duodenal metastasises are rarely observed in invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast. Early diagnosis is challenging due to the non-specific symptoms, the limited specificity of radiological investigations and the difficulty in obtaining adequate tissue biopsy. Herein, we report the clinical, radiological, and macroscopic features of a 72-year-old female with rare gastric metastasis of breast cancer and likely concurrent duodenal metastasis.
Mixed metaplastic carcinoma of the breast: a case report
Authors: Tower Amelia , Hughes Jonathan , Moore Lauren , Srivastava Kumaraman
Published: March 2023

A 68 year-old woman with no significant medical history discovered a lump incidentally in her left breast. The patient’s initial imaging revealed a 4.6-cm irregular mass at 11:00 categorized as a BI-RADS 5 as well as an enlarged axillary lymph node and an area of 2.5 cm of heterogeneous calcifications in the 3 o’clock position. The 4.6-cm lesion was revealed to be infiltrating ductal carcinoma with a squamous component, mixed metaplastic carcinoma, which was strongly ER (100+)/PR (100+) positive, HER-2/Neu negative on FISH. The 2.5-cm calcifications were ductal carcinoma in situ. The patient completed neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and had an excellent response. After further discussion, the patient elected for breast conservation therapy and underwent a left wireless localized partial mastectomy with a left axillary dissection. Surgical pathology revealed a near complete pathologic response with only 8-mm residual tumour as well as a negative conversion of the clipped axillary node.
Definiteness, pronoun suffixes, genitives and two types of syntax in Sudanese Arabic1
Authors: Dickins James
Published: March 2023

This article deals with Central Urban Sudanese Arabic, or ‘Sudanese Arabic’ for short—by which I mean, more specifically, the urban dialect spoken in Greater Khartoum (Khartoum, Khartoum North and Omdurman), and in other urban areas of central Sudan, roughly to the towns of Atbara in the north, Sennar on the Blue Nile and Kosti on the White Nile.2,3 It considers the relationship between the definite particle al- (plus allomorphic variants), for example in al-bēt ‘the house’, and what I shall argue is zero (Ø) commuting with al- (amongst other things), for example in bēt ‘a house’, as contrasted with al-bēt ‘the house’.4 What I term here, the ‘definite particle’ is more traditionally termed the ‘definite article’. For reasons why ‘definite particle’ is to be preferred to ‘definite article’ in the description of Sudanese Arabic, see Dickins (2009b; and Section 4 below). Henceforth, I shall, for brevity, refer to the definite particle as al-. I consider (i) Ø and (ii) al- in relation to (iii) pronoun suffixes, and (iv) annexes (‘genitives’).5 I use the following terminology: annexion-head meaning roughly the same as muḍāf (cf. Badawi, Carter and Gully 2015: 131) in traditional Arabic terminology (also termable annexed term, e.g. Watson 1993: 173, or genitive head in English), and annex (Watson 1993: 173) meaning roughly the same as muḍāf ilay-hi (cf. Badawi, Carter and Gully 2015: 131) (also termable genitive modifier in English). The entire phrase involving annexion I shall refer to as an annexion structure. I argue that not only do Ø and al- com-mute with one another, but that they also commute with pronoun suffixes and genitive annexes (incorporating also recursive elements), to give one form of syntax. In the linguistic model underpinning this paper—extended axiomatic functionalism (Dickins 1998; 2009a; 2020a)—this can be termed lexotactic. I also show, however, that these structures can be subject to a second, different, form of syntactic analysis in extended axiomatic-functionalism, termed delotactic. I finally consider in more detail the nature of definiteness and indefiniteness in Sudanese Arabic, justifying the grounds for definiteness which I identified in Section 2.2. Up to the end of Section 3 and in Section 5, this article draws heavily on Dickins (2013), which deals with Standard Arabic, having much the same structure as that article. The two articles can accordingly be partially read together, to provide a structural comparison between Standard Arabic and Sudanese Arabic in the relevant areas.
The Poetics of the Wise Fool in the Music and Letters of Ignatius Sancho
Authors: Cypess Rebecca
Published: March 2023

While the correspondence of the Black British writer, musician, butler, and shopkeeper Ignatius Sancho has long been recognized as pioneering in its use of the sentimental literary style to articulate anti-racist and anti-slavery positions, his music has largely evaded serious interpretative consideration. This essay considers one way in which Sancho apparently used music to convey his moral messages. His song ‘Sweetest Bard’ and his instrumental dance piece ‘Mungo’s Delight’ suggest that he adopted and reappropriated the persona of the ‘wise fool’, a figure well known to eighteenth-century readers from characters such as Shakespeare’s Falstaff, Sterne’s Yorick, and Cervantes’s Sancho Panza. Understanding these two pieces of music through the lens of the wise fool helps to elucidate Sancho’s use of music as a means of calling attention to the prejudices of white British society.
Withdrawn as duplicate: Post-yield softening of bending-dominated metal metamaterials
Authors: Zhong H Z , Li C W , Das R , Gu J F , Qian M
Published: March 2023

This article has been withdrawn due to a publisher error that caused the article to be duplicated. The definitive version of this article is published under DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad075.
THE IMPACT OF NEW ICRU95 QUANTITIES AND SPECTRUM DATA ON THE DOSIMETRIC QUANTITIES OF THE NEUTRON REFERENCE FIELDS AT PTB
Authors: Al Qaaod Amer A , Reginatto Marcel , Zbořil Miroslav , Zimbal Andreas
Published: March 2023

In 2020, the ICRU released a new report which includes the re-definition of the operational quantities used in radiation protection and new conversion coefficients from physical quantities to operational radiation protection quantities. An assessment of the ambient and personal dose conversion coefficients for the reference neutron fields of radionuclide sources at PTB is necessary based on these new definitions. In this work, a numerical estimation of the conversion coefficients of moderated and unmoderated 252Cf and 241Am-Be neutron sources based on ICRU57 and ICRU95 reports and using spectrum data available in the ISO 8529-1 standard and at PTB are discussed. Two numerical approaches are used for this estimation to ensure the reliability of the calculated values: a direct calculation using MCNP6, and cubic interpolation of conversion coefficients datasets written in Python. The results show large differences between the spectrum-averaged operational quantities for the current and new conversion coefficients of up to 23%. The choice of spectrum data affects conversion coefficient values by 6–8%.
Sleep biomarkers for stress-induced vulnerability to depression
Authors: Claverie Damien , Becker Chrystel , Ghestem Antoine , Coutan Mathieu , Bernard Christophe , Trousselard Marion , Benoliel Jean-Jacques , Canini Frédéric
Published: March 2023

Stress can push individuals close to the threshold to depression. An individual’s intrinsic vulnerability before a stressful event determines how close they come to the threshold of depression. Identification of vulnerability biomarkers at early (before the stressful event) and late (close to the threshold after the stressful event) stages would allow for corrective actions. Social defeat is a stressful event that triggers vulnerability to depression in half of exposed rats. We analyzed the sleep properties of rats before (baseline) and after (recovery) social defeat by telemetry electroencephalogram recordings. Using Gaussian partitioning, we identified three non-rapid eye movement stages (N-S1, N-S2, and N-S3) in rats based on a sleep depth index (relative δ power) and a cortical activity index (fractal dimension). We found (1) that, at baseline, N-S3 lability and high-θ relative power in wake identified, with 82% accuracy, the population of rats that will become vulnerable to depression after social defeat, and (2) that, at recovery, N-S1 instability identified vulnerable rats with 83% accuracy. Thus, our study identified early and late sleep biomarkers of vulnerability to depression, opening the way to the development of treatments at a prodromal stage for high sensitivity to stress, and for stress-induced vulnerability to depression.
Pharmacologic Interventions to Prevent Delirium in Trauma Patients: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Zitikyte Gabriele , Roy Danielle C. , Tran Alexandre , Fernando Shannon M. , Rosenberg Erin , Kanji Salmaan , Engels Paul T. , Wells George A. , Vaillancourt Christian
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVES:

To compare the relative efficacy of pharmacologic interventions in the prevention of delirium in ICU trauma patients.

DATA SOURCES:

We searched Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Embase, and Cochrane Registry of Clinical Trials from database inception until June 7, 2022. We included randomized controlled trials comparing pharmacologic interventions in critically ill trauma patients.

STUDY SELECTION:

Two reviewers independently screened studies for eligibility, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias.

DATA EXTRACTION:

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines for network analysis were followed. Random-effects models were fit using a Bayesian approach to network meta-analysis. Between-group comparisons were estimated using hazard ratios (HRs) for dichotomous outcomes and mean differences for continuous outcomes, each with 95% credible intervals. Treatment rankings were estimated for each outcome in the form of surface under the cumulative ranking curve values.

DATA SYNTHESIS:

A total 3,541 citations were screened; six randomized clinical trials (n = 382 patients) were included. Compared with combined propofol-dexmedetomidine, there may be no difference in delirium prevalence with dexmedetomidine (HR 1.44, 95% CI 0.39–6.94), propofol (HR 2.38, 95% CI 0.68–11.36), nor haloperidol (HR 3.38, 95% CI 0.65–21.79); compared with dexmedetomidine alone, there may be no effect with propofol (HR 1.66, 95% CI 0.79–3.69) nor haloperidol (HR 2.30, 95% CI 0.88–6.61).

CONCLUSIONS:

The results of this network meta-analysis suggest that there is no difference found between pharmacologic interventions on delirium occurrence, length of ICU stay, length of hospital stay, or mortality, in trauma ICU patients.
Comparative effectiveness of different hepatocellular carcinoma screening intervals or modalities: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Jichun , Yang Zhirong , Zeng Xueyang , Yu Shuqing , Gao Le , Jiang Yu , Sun Feng
Published: March 2023

Background:

Current guidelines recommend hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) screening in high-risk populations. However, the ideal HCC screening interval and screening modality have not been determined. This study aimed to compare the screening efficacy among different modalities with various intervals.

Methods:

PubMed and other nine databases were searched through June 30, 2021. Binary outcomes were pooled using risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Survival rates were also pooled using RR with 95% CIs because most eligible studies only provided the number of survival patients instead of hazard ratio.

Results:

In all, 13 studies were included. Two random controlled trials (RCTs) and six cohort studies compared screening intervals for ultrasonography (US) screening and found no differences between shorter (3- or 4-month) and longer (6- or 12-month) screening intervals in terms of early HCC proportion, HCC Significant mortality, 1-year survival rate; screening at 6-month interval significantly increased the proportion of early HCC (RR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.08–1.26) and prolonged the 5-year survival rate (RR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.07–1.82) relative to the 12-month interval results. Three other RCTs and two cohort studies compared different screening modalities in cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis B, which indicated no statistical differences in the proportion of early HCC (RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.40–1.96) and HCC mortality (RR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.23–2.09) between the biannual US and annual computed tomography (CT screening). Biannual US screening showed a lower proportion of early HCC than biannual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (RR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.37–0.97) and biannual US combined with annual CT (RR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.13–1.51) screening. The proportion of early HCC in the contrast-enhanced US group was slightly higher than that in the B-mode US (RR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.00–1.23) group.

Conclusions:

The evidence suggests that 6 months may be the best HCC screening interval for US screening. The effectiveness of CT and MRI is better than US during same screening intervals. However, MRI and CT are more expensive than US, and CT also can increase the risk of radiation exposure. The selection of CT or MRI instead of US should be carefully considered.
Generic Medicinal Products in Immunosuppressive Therapy—Should It be a Challenge for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring?
Authors: Kocur Arkadiusz , Kunicki Paweł K. , Pawiński Tomasz
Published: March 2023

Immunosuppressants have a narrow therapeutic index (NTIDs). Indisputably cyclosporine, tacrolimus, everolimus, and sirolimus have NTIDs, and only in the case of mycophenolic acid, a scientific discussion has not been yet concluded. Their specificities highlight the implications for generics introduced into the drug market, more precisely, with bioequivalence testing. In the European Union, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) released the “Guideline on the Investigation of Bioequivalence.” The bioequivalence (BE) of the generic (tested, T) versus original (reference, R) product should be confirmed by obtaining a 90% confidence interval (CI) for the T:R ratio of each of the 2 decisive pharmacokinetic parameters, namely, the area under the curve (AUC) between 90.00% and 111.11%. A similar approach (90.00%–112.00%) for AUC was adopted by the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH) for NTIDs; however, the US Food and Drug Administration is still based on classic acceptance criteria: 90% CI between 80.00% and 125.00% but with special requirements of BE testing. A discussion about long-expected global consensus was performed in this study based on the literature concerning BE testing in the case of NTIDs. The narrow acceptance criteria reduce the potential mean difference in bioavailability between generic and original products by a few percent. To identify this problem, special attention has been paid to switching drugs (generic–generic, original–generic) and therapeutic drug monitoring after conversion (TDM). There is no global consensus on the acceptance criteria for the BE of generic drugs; therefore, consensus and harmonization are strictly necessary. This study presents a review of the generic drug market and its classification by manufacturers, drug agencies, and dates of marketing authorization. Guidelines for TDM optimization (during switching/conversion) have been proposed. Physicians and clinical pharmacists should pay special attention to switching immunosuppressive drugs between original versus generic formulations, and generic versus generic formulations. Patients and their families should be educated on the risks associated with uncontrolled conversion.
Approach to Multimorbidity Burden Classification and Outcomes in Older Adults With Heart Failure
Authors: Tisminetzky Mayra , Gurwitz Jerry H. , Tabada Grace , Reynolds Kristi , Smith David H. , Sung Sue Hee , Goldberg Robert , Go Alan S.
Published: March 2023

Background:

The optimal approach to classifying multimorbidity burden in assessing treatment-associated outcomes using real-world data remains uncertain. We assessed whether 2 measurement approaches to characterize multimorbidity influenced observed associations of β-blocker use with outcomes in adults with heart failure (HF).

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective study on adults with HF from 4 integrated health care delivery systems. Multimorbidity burden was characterized by either (1) simple counts of chronic conditions or (2) a weighted multiple chronic conditions score using data from electronic health records. We assessed the impact of these 2 approaches to characterizing multimorbidity on associations between exposure to β-blockers and subsequent all-cause death, hospitalization for HF, and hospitalization for any cause.

Results:

The study population characterized by a count of chronic conditions included 9988 adults with HF who had a mean (SD) age of 76.4 (12.5) years, with 48.7% women and 24.7% racial/ethnic minorities. The cohort characterized by weighted multiple chronic conditions included 10,082 adults with HF who had a mean (SD) age of 76.4 (12.4) years, 48.9% women, and 25.5% racial/ethnic minorities. The multivariable associations of risks of death or hospitalizations for HF or for any cause associated with incident β-blocker use were similar regardless of how multimorbidity burden was characterized.

Conclusions:

Simple counts of chronic conditions performed similarly to a weighted multimorbidity score in predicting outcomes using real-world data to examine clinical outcomes associated with β-blocker therapy in HF. Our findings challenge conventional wisdom that more complex measures of multimorbidity are always necessary to characterize patients in observational studies examining therapy-associated outcomes.
The association between sense of coherence and health outcomes among community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review
Authors: Lv Jinghong , Qian Min , Deng Mengying , Yu Mingming
Published: March 2023

Objective:

The objective of this study was to systematically review evidence of the association between the sense of coherence (SOC) and health outcomes in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods:

Six databases, including PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, CINAHL Plus with full text (EBSCO), OVID, and the Cochrane Library, were thoroughly searched. The checklist developed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were used to assess the quality of the relevant studies.

Results:

Twenty-nine studies were included in this review. Generally, higher SOC levels are associated with better physical health (less symptom reporting, better functional status, less disability, better daily activity ability, less pain, better sleep quality, and better oral health) and better psychological health (less perceived stress, more positive self-perception of aging, less depression, and less posttraumatic stress reaction) in older adults. Higher SOC levels are also correlated with greater preventive/self-management behaviors ability, subjective well-being, adjustment to aging later in life, cumulative survival, quality of life, life satisfaction, and self-perceived health. Higher SOC levels are a vital mediators or moderators of health in older adults.

Conclusions:

The SOC is a protective factor for the health of community-dwelling older adults. Interventions targeting improvement in SOC levels should be developed and implemented to facilitate active aging in older adults.
Mentorship is Critical
Authors: Lopez Christopher D. , Khoo Kimberly H. , Girard Alisa O. , Yusuf Cynthia , Lake Isabel V. , Redett Richard J. , Yang Robin
Published: March 2023

Background

As the second cycle impacted by COVID-19, the 2022 Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (PRS) Match maintained virtual interviews while offering a modest lift of subinternship restrictions. The residency application process continues to evolve, with changes such as pass/fail United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 reporting prompting programs to reconsider metrics of applicant success. It is critical to address the impact of board scores, mentorship, and resource availability on a diverse applicant population in the PRS Match.

Methods

A survey was electronically administered to students applying to a single institutional PRS residency program. The survey inquired about demographics, application statistics, mentorship experience, and match outcomes. Logistic regressions were modeled to assess for odds of matching into plastic surgery.

Results

In total, 151 responses were analyzed, a 49.7% response rate. Most participants were female (52.3%), White (68.9%), and not Hispanic/Latino (84.8%). The largest percentage of respondents had a faculty mentor only from their home institution (55.0%) and a resident mentor from only their home institution (32.3%). Participants with a faculty mentor from both a home and outside institution had 7.4 times the odds of matching into PRS (P = 0.02) than students with no faculty mentorship. Students with dual-institution resident mentorship had 18.5 times higher the odds of matching compared with students with no resident mentorship (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Subjective metrics, rather than objective scores, had the most influence on successfully matching into plastic surgery. As the PRS Match continues to become increasingly competitive, it behooves programs to provide equitable access to resources such as mentorship.
Host shift and natural long-distance dispersal to an oceanic island of a host-specific parasite
Authors: Ellis Vincenzo A. , Ciloglu Arif , Yildirim Alparslan , Bensch Staffan
Published: March 2023

Parasite dispersal and host-switching may be better understood by knowing when they occurred. We estimated when the ancestor of a parasite of great reed warblers (
Acrocephalus arundinaceus
) dispersed to the Seychelles and began infecting the endemic Seychelles warbler (
A. sechellensis
). We used mitochondrial genomes and published molecular divergence rates to estimate the date of divergence between mitochondrial haplotypes of the parasite
Haemoproteus nucleocondensis
(lineage GRW01) in the great reed warbler and the Seychelles warbler. We also constructed a time-calibrated phylogeny of the hosts and their relatives to determine when the ancestor of the Seychelles warbler dispersed to the Seychelles. The two GRW01 lineages diverged
ca
20–451 kya, long after the ancestor of the Seychelles warbler colonized the Seychelles
ca
1.76–4.36 Mya. GRW01 rarely infects other species despite apparent opportunity. Humans were likely not involved in the dispersal of this parasite because humans settled the Seychelles long after the parasite diverged from its mainland relative. Furthermore, introduced birds are unlikely hosts of GRW01. Instead, the ancestor of GRW01 may have dispersed to the Seychelles with an errant migrating great reed warbler. Our results indicate that even specialized parasites can naturally disperse long distances to become emerging infectious diseases.
ELMOD3-Rab1A-Flotillin2 cascade regulates lumen formation via vesicle trafficking inCionanotochord
Authors: Liu Amei , Ouyang Xiuke , Wang Zhuqing , Dong Bo
Published: March 2023

Lumen development is a crucial phase in tubulogenesis, although its molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we discovered an ELMO domain-containing 3 (ELMOD3), which belongs to ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein family, was necessary to form the notochord lumen inCionalarvae.We demonstrated that ELMOD3 interacted with lipid raft protein Flotillin2 and regulated its subcellular localization. The loss-of-function of Flotillin2 prevented notochord lumen formation. Furthermore, we found that ELMOD3 also interacted with Rab1A, which is the regulatory GTPase for vesicle trafficking and located at the notochord cell surface. Rab1A mutations arrested the lumen formation, phenocopying the loss-of-function of ELMOD3 and Flotillin2. Our findings further suggested that Rab1A interactions influenced Flotillin2 localization. We thus identified a unique pathway in which ELMOD3 interacted with Rab1A, which controlled the Flotillin2-mediated vesicle trafficking from cytoplasm to apical membrane, required forCionanotochord lumen formation.
The logical structure of experiments lays the foundation for a theory of reproducibility
Authors: Buzbas Erkan O. , Devezer Berna , Baumgaertner Bert
Published: March 2023

The scientific reform movement has proposed openness as a potential remedy to the putative reproducibility or replication crisis. However, the conceptual relationship among openness, replication experiments and results reproducibility has been obscure. We analyse the logical structure of experiments, define the mathematical notion of idealized experiment and use this notion to advance a theory of reproducibility. Idealized experiments clearly delineate the concepts of replication and results reproducibility, and capture key differences with precision, allowing us to study the relationship among them. We show how results reproducibility varies as a function of the elements of an idealized experiment, the true data-generating mechanism, and the closeness of the replication experiment to an original experiment. We clarify how openness of experiments is related to designing informative replication experiments and to obtaining reproducible results. With formal backing and evidence, we argue that the current ‘crisis’ reflects inadequate attention to a theoretical understanding of results reproducibility.
Correcting COVID-19 vaccine misinformation in 10 countries
Authors: Porter Ethan , Velez Yamil , Wood Thomas J.
Published: March 2023

What can be done to reduce misperceptions about COVID-19 vaccines? We present results from experiments conducted simultaneously on YouGov samples in 10 countries (
N
= 10 600), which reveal that factual corrections consistently reduce false beliefs about vaccines. With results from these 10 countries, we find that exposure to corrections increases belief accuracy by 0.16 on a 4-point scale, while exposure to misinformation decreases belief accuracy by 0.09 on the same scale. We are unable to find evidence that either misinformation or factual corrections affect intent to vaccinate or vaccine attitudes. Our findings on effect duration are less conclusive; when we recontacted participants two weeks later, we observed 39% of the initial accuracy increase, yet this result narrowly misses conventional thresholds of statistical significance (
p
= 0.06). Taken together, our results illustrate both the possibilities and limitations of factual corrections. Evidence from 10 highly diverse populations shows that exposure to factual information reduces belief in falsehoods about vaccines, but has minimal influence on subsequent behaviours and attitudes.
Elasticity and substitutability of food demand and emerging disease risk on livestock farms
Authors: Delabouglise Alexis , Fournié Guillaume , Peyre Marisa , Antoine-Moussiaux Nicolas , Boni Maciej F.
Published: March 2023

Disease emergence in livestock is a product of environment, epidemiology and economic forces. The environmental factors contributing to novel pathogen emergence in humans have been studied extensively, but the two-way relationship between farm microeconomics and outbreak risk has received comparably little attention. We introduce a game-theoretic model where farmers produce and sell two goods, one of which (e.g. pigs, poultry) is susceptible to infection by a pathogen. We model market and epidemiological effects at both the individual farm level and the community level. We find that in the case of low demand elasticity for livestock meat, the presence of an animal pathogen causing production losses can lead to a bistable system where two outcomes are possible: (i) successful disease control or (ii) maintained disease circulation, where farmers slaughter their animals at a low rate, face substantial production losses, but maintain large herds because of the appeal of high meat prices. Our observations point to the potentially critical effect of price elasticity of demand for livestock products on the success or failure of livestock disease control policies. We show the potential epidemiological benefits of (i) policies aimed at stabilizing livestock product prices, (ii) subsidies for alternative agricultural activities during epidemics, and (iii) diversifying agricultural production and sources of proteins available to consumers.
Using inbreeding to test the contribution of non-additive genetic effects to additive genetic variance: a case study in
Drosophila serrata
Authors: Dugand Robert J. , Blows Mark W. , McGuigan Katrina
Published: March 2023

Additive genetic variance,
V
A
, is the key parameter for predicting adaptive and neutral phenotypic evolution. Changes in demography (e.g. increased close-relative inbreeding) can alter
V
A
, but how they do so depends on the (typically unknown) gene action and allele frequencies across many loci. For example,
V
A
increases proportionally with the inbreeding coefficient when allelic effects are additive, but smaller (or larger) increases can occur when allele frequencies are unequal at causal loci with dominance effects. Here, we describe an experimental approach to assess the potential for dominance effects to deflate
V
A
under inbreeding. Applying a powerful paired pedigree design in
Drosophila serrata
, we measured 11 wing traits on half-sibling families bred via either random or sibling mating, differing only in homozygosity (not allele frequency). Despite close inbreeding and substantial power to detect small
V
A
, we detected no deviation from the expected additive effect of inbreeding on genetic (co)variances. Our results suggest the average dominance coefficient is very small relative to the additive effect, or that allele frequencies are relatively equal at loci affecting wing traits. We outline the further opportunities for this paired pedigree approach to reveal the characteristics of
V
A
, providing insight into historical selection and future evolutionary potential.