bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing soluble Trametes pubescens laccase and cross-linked enzyme crystals (CLECs) for enzymatic modification of cellulose 10th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008
Authors: Patel Ilabahen , Ludwig Roland , Mueangtoom Kitti , Haltrich Dietmar , Rosenau Thomas , Potthast Antje
Published: July 2009

Three types of preparations – enzyme immobilized on Eupergit C, cross-linked enzyme crystals (CLECs) and lyophilized enzyme – have been obtained from Trametes pubescens laccase. Their activity in organic solvents has been comparatively evaluated, whereby the CLECs showed a significantly higher activity compared to the immobilized and the lyophilized variant. The soluble, lyophilized laccase and the CLECs were compared for their activity in the oxidation of cellulose in the laccase/TEMPO system. The “double heterogeneous” CLEC system – both the CLECs and the cellulose substrates are solids and only the mediator is homogeneously dissolved – showed similar reactivity to the conventional enzyme system. Laccase CLECs, being a solid, robust and highly active immobilized enzyme form can be conveniently used to modify (protected) low-molecular weight carbohydrates or cellulosics also in (aqueous-)organic media, and they offer many practical advantages: operational stability and ease of recycling coupled with high volumetric productivity.
Study on desorption of Mn, Fe, and Mg from TMP and evaluation of the complexing strength of different chelating agents using side reaction coefficients 10th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008
Authors: Granholm Kim , Su Pingping , Harju Leo , Ivaska Ari
Published: July 2009

Chelation of thermomechanical pulp (TMP) was studied in this work. The desorption of Mn, Fe, and Mg due to their impact on peroxide bleaching was investigated. The desorption experiments were performed with EDTA, citric acid, oxalic acid, and formic acid as chelating agents at different pH. Chelation experiments with EDTA were carried out at pH 3–11. Sodium dithionite was used as the reducing agent in studying chelation with EDTA in a reducing environment. Mn was very effectively desorbed with EDTA from TMP at pH <10 and the reducing environment further improved the removal of all the studied metal ions from TMP with EDTA. Citric acid also removed Mn effectively from TMP at pH 5. The thermodynamic stability constants of different metal chelates do not present the correct picture of how strongly the metal ions are bound by the chelating agents in different conditions. But by means of the side reaction coefficients (α

M(L)-coefficients) it is also theoretically possible to evaluate and compare the real binding strengths between the metal ions and different chelating agents at varying pH values and other solution conditions. In this study, a theory is given for the calculation of side reaction coefficients. Values of the α

M(L)-coefficients, for the pH range 0–14, are presented for EDTA, DTPA, and also for some other new potential environmentally friendly chelating agents.
Prehydrolysis ofEucalyptus globulusLabill. hemicelluloses prior to pulping and fermentation of the hydrolysates with the yeastPichia stipitis10thEWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008
Authors: Mendes Cátia Vanessa Teixeira , Baptista Cristina Maria Santos Gaudêncio , Rocha Jorge Manuel Santos , Carvalho Maria Graça Videira Sousa
Published: July 2009

The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential ofEucalyptus globulushemicelluloses, mainly xylan, for bioethanol production. Hemicelluloses have been removed prior to pulping by auto-hydrolysis and an acid-catalysed hydrolysis. As the hydrolysates obtained were rich in xylose, the yeastPichia stipitiswas selected for fermentation. It was confirmed that the yeast performance is strongly dependent on pH and the presence of inhibitors, such as lignin. The addition of Ca(OH)2was successful for lowering the concentration of inhibitors and adjusting the pH. The strain was grown in culture media with increasing volumetric percentages of treated hydrolysates up to 100% (v/v), supplemented with nutrients other than the carbon and energy source. This methodology shortened the lag phase of fermentation and improved the performance of yeast. Maximum ethanol concentration (12 gethl-1), productivity (0.22 gethl-1h-1), and yield (0.48 gethgxyl eqs-1) were achieved with treated acid-hydrolysates. These results are similar to those obtained by a synthetic medium with an equivalent xylose concentration.
‘Loving too much’: the text of Plutarch, Themistokles 2. 3
Authors: Duff Timothy E.
Published: July 2009

This paper argues that the emendation ὑπερερῶν for ms. ὑπερoρῶν in Them. 2. 3, although rejected by many editors and commentators, should be accepted. The manuscripts have Themistokles ‘despising’ practical studies, that is studies which promoted ‘intelligence and action’. But this makes little sense in context and disrupts the logic of the whole chapter, which presupposes a contrast between real education, which Themistokles rejects, and practical activities, on which he concentrates and for which he was suited by nature. It is much more plausible that Themistokles is presented as having ‘an excessive love’ for practical studies. Indeed, this combination – rejection of true education and enthusiasm for practical training – characterises several other subjects of Plutarch, while erotic metaphors are used to describe Themistokles’ obsession with practical success in the next chapter.
Opposing assembly mechanisms in a Neotropical dry forest: implications for phylogenetic and functional community ecology
Authors: Swenson Nathan G. , Enquist Brian J.
Published: July 2009

Species diversity is promoted and maintained by ecological and evolutionary processes operating on species attributes through space and time. The degree to which variability in species function regulates distribution and promotes coexistence of species has been debated. Previous work has attempted to quantify the relative importance of species function by using phylogenetic relatedness as a proxy for functional similarity. The key assumption of this approach is that function is phylogenetically conserved. If this assumption is supported, then the phylogenetic dispersion in a community should mirror the functional dispersion. Here we quantify functional trait dispersion along several key axes of tree life‐history variation and on multiple spatial scales in a Neotropical dry‐forest community. We next compare these results to previously reported patterns of phylogenetic dispersion in this same forest. We find that, at small spatial scales, coexisting species are typically more functionally clustered than expected, but traits related to adult and regeneration niches are overdispersed. This outcome was repeated when the analyses were stratified by size class. Some of the trait dispersion results stand in contrast to the previously reported phylogenetic dispersion results. In order to address this inconsistency we examined the strength of phylogenetic signal in traits at different depths in the phylogeny. We argue that: (1) while phylogenetic relatedness may be a good general multivariate proxy for ecological similarity, it may have a reduced capacity to depict the functional mechanisms behind species coexistence when coexisting species simultaneously converge and diverge in function; and (2) the previously used metric of phylogenetic signal provided erroneous inferences about trait dispersion when married with patterns of phylogenetic dispersion.
Parasite spillback: A neglected concept in invasion ecology?
Authors: Kelly D. W. , Paterson R. A. , Townsend C. R. , Poulin R. , Tompkins D. M.
Published: July 2009

While there is good evidence linking animal introductions to impacts on native communities via disease emergence, our understanding of how such impacts occur is incomplete. Invasion ecologists have focused on the disease risks to native communities through “spillover” of infectious agents introduced with nonindigenous hosts, while overlooking a potentially more common mechanism of impact, that of “parasite spillback.” We hypothesize that parasite spillback could occur when a nonindigenous species is a competent host for a native parasite, with the presence of the additional host increasing disease impacts in native species. Despite its lack of formalization in all recent reviews of the role of parasites in species introductions, aspects of the invasion process actually favor parasite spillback over spillover. We specifically review the animal‐parasite literature and show that native species (arthropods, parasitoids, protozoa, and helminths) account for 67% of the parasite fauna of nonindigenous animals from a range of taxonomic groups. We show that nonindigenous species can be highly competent hosts for such parasites and provide evidence that infection by native parasites does spillback from nonindigenous species to native host species, with effects at both the host individual and population scale. We conclude by calling for greater recognition of parasite spillback as a potential threat to native species, discuss possible reasons for its neglect by invasion ecologists, and identify future research directions.
Evidence for developmental plasticity in response to demographic variation in nature
Authors: Kasumovic Michael M. , Bruce Matthew J. , Herberstein Marie E. , Andrade Maydianne C. B.
Published: July 2009

Adaptive developmental plasticity has been demonstrated across a number of taxa in response to variables such as photoperiod, resource abundance, and predator presence. Demographics also vary temporally and spatially within populations, but few studies have examined the possibility that developmental plasticity in response to changes in these variables can alter phenotypic distributions. Plastic responses to variable population density and sex ratio may play an important role in explaining phenotypic variation in nature. In this study, we examine two species of spiders (Nephila plumipes and Argiope keyserlingi) to examine whether there is evidence that males alter their development in response to demographics in natural populations. We studied spiders in which developing males can use pheromones as a cue of the density of conspecific males and females. We used published information about the mating systems and life history of each species to make predictions about expected patterns of plasticity in development time and correlated changes in adult body size in response to demographic variation. Within each species, male size and mass were positively correlated with the density of males but negatively correlated with the density of females, and as predicted, this was true only when calculated at spatial scales relevant to selection in each species. In contrast, seasonal variation in photoperiod could not explain measured variance in male size. Our results support the idea that developmental plasticity in response to demographics has a significant effect on phenotypic distributions in natural populations. Our results suggest that a proportion of variation in male phenotypes could be explained as a plasticity‐mediated evolutionary response to variation in population demographics rather than as a physiological response to resource abundance and/or photoperiod.
Diversity–interaction modeling: estimating contributions of species identities and interactions to ecosystem function
Authors: Kirwan L. , Connolly J. , Finn J. A. , Brophy C. , Lüscher A. , Nyfeler D. , Sebastià M-T.
Published: July 2009

We develop a modeling framework that estimates the effects of species identity and diversity on ecosystem function and permits prediction of the diversity–function relationship across different types of community composition. Rather than just measure an overall effect of diversity, we separately estimate the contributions of different species interactions. This is especially important when both positive and negative interactions occur or where there are patterns in the interactions. Based on different biological assumptions, we can test for different patterns of interaction that correspond to the roles of evenness, functional groups, and functional redundancy. These more parsimonious descriptions can be especially useful in identifying general diversity–function relationships in communities with large numbers of species. We provide an example of the application of the modeling framework. These models describe community‐level performance and thus do not require separate measurement of the performance of individual species. This flexible modeling approach can be tailored to test many hypotheses in biodiversity research and can suggest the interaction mechanisms that may be acting.
Evaluating multiple determinants of the structure of plant–animal mutualistic networks
Authors: Vázquez Diego P. , Chacoff Natacha P. , Cagnolo Luciano
Published: July 2009

The structure of mutualistic networks is likely to result from the simultaneous influence of neutrality and the constraints imposed by complementarity in species phenotypes, phenologies, spatial distributions, phylogenetic relationships, and sampling artifacts. We develop a conceptual and methodological framework to evaluate the relative contributions of these potential determinants. Applying this approach to the analysis of a plant–pollinator network, we show that information on relative abundance and phenology suffices to predict several aggregate network properties (connectance, nestedness, interaction evenness, and interaction asymmetry). However, such information falls short of predicting the detailed network structure (the frequency of pairwise interactions), leaving a large amount of variation unexplained. Taken together, our results suggest that both relative species abundance and complementarity in spatiotemporal distribution contribute substantially to generate observed network patters, but that this information is by no means sufficient to predict the occurrence and frequency of pairwise interactions. Future studies could use our methodological framework to evaluate the generality of our findings in a representative sample of study systems with contrasting ecological conditions.
“A Real Feminine Journey”
Authors: Mithlo Nancy Marie
Published: July 2009

Despite the prevailing acceptance of homogenized global sensibilities in media productions, many American Indian and other indigenous artists continue to articulate a sovereign, bounded, and discrete identity based on land, family, and memory. Both material (embodied knowledge) and ideological (the interconnectedness of people, the earth, and culture) constructs enable communal paradigms rather than individualistic or gendered identities to rise to the fore. Given these parameters, how can the testimonies of native women's lives as artists inform debates of indigenous feminisms? Drawing from Native women artists' narratives, transnational feminist scholarship, and ethnographic and historical texts, the author demonstrates how indigenous communities become gendered communities as a result of colonialism.
Chinese Women Protesting Domestic Violence
Authors: Zhang Lu
Published: July 2009

The “Domestic Violence in China: Research, Intervention and Prevention” Project of China Law Society, the first women's NGO in China organized exclusively against the issue of domestic violence, was launched in Beijing in 2000. This article examines the construction of this non-profit project as an outcome of dynamic interactions among a constellation of both global and local feminist forces and agents. It shows that the formation of the project combines three interwoven processes, which include 1) the emergence of women's NGOs and the rise of anti-domestic violence activism among the NGOs as a result of the Beijing Conference; 2) international donors' active economic cultivation of anti-gender violence activism among local women's NGOs; 3) participant activists' rationalization of the project as a worthwhile cause for their political commitment with their “vocabularies of motives.” This article provides a contextualized study of the global spread of the feminist anti-violence against women cause from a local perspective, suggesting that the “global and the “local,” in the field of transnational feminism, should be treated more attentively as an interactive nexus rather than as largely independent entities.
The Politics of Group Weddings in Palestine
Authors: Jad Islah
Published: July 2009

Group Islamic weddings in the West Bank and Gaza began in the mid-1990s. They developed as a successful way to counter Israel’s policy of siege and impoverishment of Palestinian society through the economic benefits they offer and by introducing a spirit of collective joy. Yet they have become a site of conflict between the two main political rivals, Hamas and Fateh, and they also have implications for gender relations. Women are not passive observers of the conflict between the two parties and the new traditions and rituals these parties are inventing. Women are actively involved in creating more space for themselves by resisting certain Islamist initiatives, polygyny in particular. Even as they demonstrate resistance and agency, however, the political context in which Islamist and nationalist group weddings occur is unfavorable to women, as both forms lead to more segregated gender roles at their expense.
Displaced Arab Families
Authors: Makhoul Jihad , Ghanem Mary
Published: July 2009

This study explores the experiences and views of women and their families who have been affected by displacement due to the Lebanese civil war. Despite the popular notion that displaced families have returned home, the effects of displacement continue to be felt by families, especially the women. Findings from in-depth interviews with women currently residing in two suburbs of Beirut highlight the repercussions of postwar conditions of economic decline and inadequate social development policies on these families who continually move to new dwellings within the suburbs to escape unaffordable rent. These multiple moves to less satisfactory housing and neighborhoods are a consequence of poverty and have adverse social and psychological impacts on the lives of the women and their families. As social networks break up, family tensions mount and women’s ideals are left unrealized. Women cope with stressors by praying, smoking, and taking sedatives. Further research and policy-related implications are discussed.
Intraoperative monitoring of cortically recorded visual response for posterior visual pathway
Authors: Ota Takahiro , Kawai Kensuke , Kamada Kyousuke , Kin Taichi , Saito Nobuhito
Published: July 2009

Object

Intraoperative monitoring of visual evoked potentials (VEPs) has been regarded as having limited significance for the preservation of visual function during neurosurgical procedures, mainly due to its poor spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio. The authors evaluated the usefulness of cortically recorded VEPs, instead of the usual scalp VEPs, as intraoperative monitoring focusing on the posterior visual pathway.

Methods

In 17 consecutive patients who underwent microsurgical procedures for lesions near the posterior visual pathway, cortical responses were recorded using 1-Hz flashing light-emitting diodes and subdural strip electrodes after induction of general anesthesia with sevoflurane or propofol. The detectability and waveform of the initial response, stability, and changes during microsurgical manipulations were analyzed in association with the position of electrodes and postoperative changes in visual function.

Results

Initial VEPs were detected in 82% of all patients. The VEPs were detected in 94% of patients without total hemianopia in whom electrodes were placed sufficiently near the occipital pole; in these cases the recordings were not significantly affected by anesthesia. The detectability rates of the negative peak before 100 msec (N1), positive peak ~ 100 msec (P100), and negative peak after 100 msec (N2) were 36, 50, and 100%, respectively. The mean latencies and amplitudes of N1, P100, and N2 were 90.0 ± 15.9 msec and 61.0 ± 64.0 μV, 103.9 ± 13.5 msec and 34.3 ± 38.6 μV, and 125.7 ± 12.2 msec and 44.9 ± 48.9 μV, respectively, showing great variability. In 11 patients, the initial waveforms of VEP remained stable during microsurgical procedures, and the visual status did not change postoperatively, while it disappeared in 2 patients who presented with postoperative hemianopia.

Conclusions

Direct recording from the visual cortices under general anesthesia achieved satisfactory detectability of the visual response to a light-emitting diode flashing light. Although the initial waveforms varied greatly among patients, they were stable during microsurgical procedures, and the changes were consistent with postoperative visual function. Intraoperative cortical VEP monitoring is a potentially useful procedure to monitor the functional integrity of the posterior visual pathway.
Risk of Obesity for Hypertension differs between Diabetic and Non-diabetic Subjects
Authors: Sayeed MA , Banu Akhtar , Khanam Parvin Akter , Mahtab Hajera , Khan AK Azad
Published: July 2009

In recent years, non-communicable diseases (NCD) like obesity, hypertension (HTN) and Type2 diabetes (T2DM) are on the increase, specially in the developing nations. Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) are used as indices of obesity to relate T2DM, HTN and coronary artery disease (CAD). This study addresses whether the risk of obesity for HTN differs between T2DM and non-DM subjects. We investigated 693 diabetic patients from BIRDEM and 2384 from communities. We measured height, weight, waist-girth, hip-girth and blood pressure. All subjects underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). BMI, WHR and WHtR were calculated. Systolic and diastolic hypertension (sHTN and dHTN)) were defined as SBP >=140 and DBP >= 90 mmHg, respectively. The prevalence of both sHTN and dHTN in T2DM was higher than the non-DM subjects (sHTN: 49.1 vs 14.3%, dHTN 19.6 vs. 9.5%). The comparison of characteristics between subjects with and without hypertension showed that the differences were significant for age, weight, waist-girth, BMI, WHR and WHtR for both T2DM and non-DM subjects (for all p < 0.001). The increasing trend of hypertension with increasing obesity was observed more in the non-DM than in the T2DM subjects. The risk (OR) of obesity for hypertension increased with increasing WHR and WHtR in the non-DM than the T2DM subjects. Compared with the non-DM the T2DM participants had two to three folds higher prevalence of HTN. In either group, BMI, WHR and WHtR were significantly higher in the hypertensive than the non-hypertensive subjects. The prevalence of hypertension increased with the increasing BMI, WHR and WHtR but significant only in the non-DM. Further studies may confirm these findings and determine whether there was any altered association between blood pressure and obesity in diabetes possibily, with or without autonomic neuropathy. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2007; 1(1): 1-6 Key words: obesity, hypertension, diabetes, odds ratio   doi: 10.3329/imcj.v1i1.2887
The Effect of Garlic on Cholesterol Induced Hyperlipidaemia in Rabbits
Authors: Ahmed Aftab Uddin , Begum Syeda Farida , Naushaba Humaira , Islam Md Noor , Naher Begum Shamsun
Published: July 2009

An experimental biochemical study was made on rabbits to demonstrate the possible role of aqueous extract of garlic as an antilipidaemic agent in the prevention of hyperlipidaemia. Untreated rabbits on atherogenic diet showed worse lipidaemic status than the normal control ones, as evident in higher serum cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level. On the otherhand the rabbits on atherogenic diet treated with aqueous extract of garlic showed significantly better lipidaemic status. It is suggested that aqueous extract of garlic is an important determinant of serum lipid level, which is an antilipidaemic agent against the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2007; 1(1): 16-20 Key words: Garlic; Cholesterol; hyperlipidaemia doi: 10.3329/imcj.v1i1.2890
Coronary Arteriovenous Fistula: A Case Report
Authors: Chowdhury MZ , Bari MA , Khan AR , Miah AK
Published: July 2009

The prevalence of congenital abnormalities of coronary artery is about 2% of general population. Of these abnormalities 5% were related to coronary artery fistulae (CAF). We report a case of 66 year old diabetic woman who presented with retrosternal chest pain. Her chest pain was associated with exercise and progressively deteriorated over the last 6 months. Electrocardiography showed right bundle branch block and Echo Color Doppler revealed hypo kinetic lateral wall. Coronary angiogram detected nothing abnormal except an aberrant tortuous branch of left circumflex. CT scan revealed a calcified sac medial to the descended thoracic aorta. A contrast enhancement was also done. All these imaging impressions were suggestive of coronary-to-pulmonary fistula. Key Words: Coronary Artery; abnormalities Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2007; 1(1): 32-33     doi: 10.3329/imcj.v1i1.2892
Inertial and Magnetic Sensor Data Compression Considering the Estimation Error
Authors: Suh Young Soo
Published: July 2009

This paper presents a compression method for inertial and magnetic sensor data, where the compressed data are used to estimate some states. When sensor data are bounded, the proposed compression method guarantees that the compression error is smaller than a prescribed bound. The manner in which this error bound affects the bit rate and the estimation error is investigated. Through the simulation, it is shown that the estimation error is improved by 18.81% over a test set of 12 cases compared with a filter that does not use the compression error bound.
CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS ON HYBRID PROJECTION ALGORITHMS FOR EQUILIBRIUM PROBLEMS AND VARIATIONAL INEQUALITY PROBLEMS
Authors: Qin Xiaolong , Cho Yeol Je , Kang Shin Min
Published: July 2009

In this paper, we consider an iterative method for equilibrium problems, fixed point problems and variational inequality problems in the framework of Banach space. The results presented in this paper improve and extend the corresponding results announced by many others.
A NON‐LOCAL BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM FOR THIRD‐ORDER LINEAR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION OF COMPOSITE TYPE
Authors: Zikirov Obidzhan Salidzhanovich
Published: July 2009

In the paper non‐local boundary value problems for a one class of composite type equation with Laplace operator in the main part has been investigated. Using the methods of energy integrals and integral equations, theorems of the uniqueness and existence of a classical solution were proved.
Gestion de l'information environnementale en entreprise : choix et évaluation d'un système
Authors: Spaey Dominique , Sofias Anastasio
Published: July 2009

Résumé Le volume des informations environnementales et leur complexité sont en forte croissance et leur gestion requiert une attention particulière. Que cette gestion apparaisse à une entreprise comme une contrainte ou une opportunité, il importe qu’elle optimise le rapport coût-efficacité de son système de gestion de l’information environnementale. Deux approches lui seront particulièrement utiles : les études de faisabilité de systèmes à mettre en œuvre et l’évaluation des performances de systèmes déjà opérationnels. Ces approches sont présentées ici de manière générale afin qu’une majorité d’entreprises puisse se retrouver dans cette analyse et pour ne pas trahir les informations relatives aux clients et prospects des auteurs.
Vers un code de déontologie à l'usage des professionnels de l'information du monde de la recherche ?
Authors: Aubry Christine , Beck Claudie , Benoit Anne Marie
Published: July 2009

Résumé Cet entretien avec Christine Aubry 1 , Claudie Beck1 et Anne-Marie Benoit 2 propose un aperçu de la réflexion qui a été engagée par un petit groupe de professionnels pour élaborer un code de déontologie à l’usage des documentalistes du monde de la recherche. Commencé il y a plus d’une année, ce travail est fortement appuyé par le CNRS. Les documentalistes du secteur Recherche de l’ADBS se sont investis dans cette réflexion en participant en avril 2006 à une journée de travail sur ce sujet. Un second article viendra dans quelque temps expliquer plus concrètement la méthodologie utilisée et présenter les résultats obtenus.
Colloque IFIE
Authors: Battisti Michèle
Published: July 2009

Résumé Un colloque organisé le 16 mai 2006 au Cercle suédois de Paris par l’Institut français de l’intelligence économique (IFIE) a réuni trois spécialistes venus de Suède et autant de Français. Leur analyse comparée de l’intelligence économique dans chacun des deux pays devait s’orienter dans plusieurs directions : histoire et émergence de l’IE, présentation et organisation de l’IE étatique, pratique dans les entreprises, et enseignement de l’intelligence économique.
Les vertus stratégiques de la discrétion des services documentaires
Authors: Le Bis Isabelle , Vacher Béatrice
Published: July 2009

Résumé Cet article présente une étude de l’activité documentaire au sein d’un laboratoire scientifique et les actions de restructuration qui y ont été menées. Cette étude de cas est prétexte à s’interroger sur les raisons de l’absence de visibilité des services documentaires et sur le mauvais usage et la faible considération qui en résultent. Pour les auteures, les documentalistes effectuent trop discrètement les tâches matérielles qui leur incombent en mettant en avant la plus valorisante fonction médiation. Or c’est en tirant parti de l’invisible matérialité de leur travail quotidien qu’ils peuvent recentrer la documentation au cœur du métier de l’organisation et s’imposer au sein de sa stratégie.
Journée d'étude ADBS. Mutualiser pour répondre à de nouveaux besoins
Authors: Caron Agnès , Ferchaud Bernadette
Published: July 2009

Résumé Le développement du travail collaboratif et des réseaux coopératifs ou « sociaux » conduit naturellement à la mutualisation – des ressources, des moyens, des services, des compétences. Particulièrement sensible dans le monde documentaire, cette problématique était au centre d’une journée d’étude organisée le 11 mai 2006 par l’ADBS. Une étude du concept et de la démarche de mutualisation a introduit la présentation de plusieurs exemples d’expériences menées à bien sur divers plans : achat de ressources, production d’information, réponses individualisées, création de services, partage de compétences et savoir-faire...
Congrès du centenaire de l'ABF
Authors: Lamouroux Mireille , Battisti Michèle
Published: July 2009

Résumé Du 9 au 12 juin dernier s’est tenu à Paris le congrès annuel de l’Association des bibliothécaires de France (ABF). 2006 est l’année du centenaire de la plus ancienne association française de son secteur, qui a saisi cette occasion pour s’interroger, à l’ère de l’électronique et de Google, sur l’avenir des bibliothèques et sur celui du métier. Nous présentons ici le compte rendu de quelques-uns des nombreux ateliers et sessions qui ont marqué ce congrès très suivi.
A Bipolar Host Material Containing Triphenylamine and Diphenylphosphoryl‐Substituted Fluorene Units for Highly Efficient Blue Electrophosphorescence
Authors: Hsu Fang‐Ming , Chien Chen‐Han , Shu Ching‐Fong , Lai Chin‐Hung , Hsieh Cheng‐Chih , Wang Kang‐Wei , Chou Pi‐Tai
Published: July 2009

Highly efficient blue electrophosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes incorporating a bipolar host, 2,7‐bis(diphenylphosphoryl)‐9‐[4‐(N,N‐diphenylamino)phenyl]‐9‐phenylfluorene (POAPF), doped with a conventional blue triplet emitter, iridium(III) bis[(4,6‐difluoro‐phenyl)pyridinato‐N,C2´]picolinate (FIrpic) are fabricated. The molecular architecture of POAPF features an electron‐donating (p‐type) triphenylamine group and an electron‐accepting (n‐type) 2,7‐bis(diphenyl‐phosphoryl)fluorene segment linked through the sp3‐hybridized C9 position of the fluorene unit. The lack of conjugation between these p‐ and n‐type groups endows POAPF with a triplet energy gap (ET) of 2.75 eV, which is sufficiently high to confine the triplet excitons on the blue‐emitting guest. In addition, the built‐in bipolar functionality facilitates both electron and hole injection. As a result, a POAPF‐based device doped with 7 wt% FIrpic exhibits a very low turn‐on voltage (2.5 V) and high electroluminescence efficiencies (20.6% and 36.7 lm W−1). Even at the practical brightnesses of 100 and 1000 cd m−2, the efficiencies remain high (20.2%/33.8 lm W−1 and 18.8%/24.3 lm W−1, respectively), making POAPF a promising material for use in low‐power‐consumption devices for next‐generation flat‐panel displays and light sources.
Gold Nanorods: From Synthesis and Properties to Biological and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Huang Xiaohua , Neretina Svetlana , El‐Sayed Mostafa A.
Published: July 2009

Noble metal nanoparticles are capable of confining resonant photons in such a manner as to induce coherent surface plasmon oscillation of their conduction band electrons, a phenomenon leading to two important properties. Firstly, the confinement of the photon to the nanoparticle's dimensions leads to a large increase in its electromagnetic field and consequently great enhancement of all the nanoparticle's radiative properties, such as absorption and scattering. Moreover, by confining the photon's wavelength to the nanoparticle's small dimensions, there exists enhanced imaging resolving powers, which extend well below the diffraction limit, a property of considerable importance in potential device applications. Secondly, the strongly absorbed light by the nanoparticles is followed by a rapid dephasing of the coherent electron motion in tandem with an equally rapid energy transfer to the lattice, a process integral to the technologically relevant photothermal properties of plasmonic nanoparticles. Of all the possible nanoparticle shapes, gold nanorods are especially intriguing as they offer strong plasmonic fields while exhibiting excellent tunability and biocompatibility. We begin this review of gold nanorods by summarizing their radiative and nonradiative properties. Their various synthetic methods are then outlined with an emphasis on the seed‐mediated chemical growth. In particular, we describe nanorod spontaneous self‐assembly, chemically driven assembly, and polymer‐based alignment. The final section details current studies aimed at applications in the biological and biomedical fields.
Ultrasonic processing of suspensions of hematite nanopowder stabilized with sodium polyacrylate
Authors: Ding P. , Pacek A. W.
Published: July 2009

The effect of power input, solid content, surfactant concentration, and pH on the kinetics of wet deagglomeration of hematite nanopowder in ultrasonic comminution device and on the rheology of resulting suspensions has been investigated and compared with the kinetics of deagglomeration and rheology of the suspensions of goethite nanopowder. It has been found that the main mechanisms are fragmentation and erosion, which leads to bimodal transient size distributions of aggregates. Fragmentation of large aggregates starts after certain delay time but erosion of nanoparticles starts from very beginning of processing. Deaggregation of hematite nanopowder is only possible in the presence of surfactant, but increase of concentration of surfactant above certain critical value does not affect kinetics of deagglomeration. The increase of solid concentration up to 20 w/w% reduces the amount of energy necessary for deagglomeration of unit mass of the powder. Effect of pH on the kinetics of deagglomeration and the morphology/rheology of the resulting suspensions is discussed. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Evidence‐based medicine and practice guidelines: Application to genetics
Authors: Toriello Helga V. , Goldenberg Paula
Published: July 2009

The Professional Practice and Guidelines Committee of the American College of Medical Genetics has the responsibility of overseeing the development of guidelines for the practice of clinical genetics. In the past, most, if not all, guidelines were primarily based on expert opinion. However, recently the goal has become to develop guidelines that are more evidence‐based, or at least, to recognize the level of evidence available to the authors of these documents. This article reviews the challenges that are faced by geneticists who are charged with the development of practice guidelines. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of soy vs. casein protein on body weight and glycemic control in female monkeys and their offspring
Authors: Wagner Janice D. , Jorgensen Matthew J. , Cline J. Mark , Lees Cynthia J. , Franke Adrian A. , Zhang Li , Ayers Melissa R. , Schultz Carrie , Kaplan Jay R.
Published: July 2009

Nutritional interventions are important for reducing obesity and related conditions. Soy is a good source of protein and also contains isoflavones that may affect plasma lipids, body weight, and insulin action. Described here are data from a monkey breeding colony in which monkeys were initially fed a standard chow diet that is low fat with protein derived from soy. Monkeys were then randomized to a defined diet with a fat content similar to the typical American diet (TAD) containing either protein derived from soy (TAD soy) or casein–lactalbumin (TAD casein). The colony was followed for over two years to assess body weight, and carbohydrate and lipid measures in adult females (n=19) and their offspring (n=25). Serum isoflavone concentrations were higher with TAD soy than TAD casein, but not as high as when monkey chow was fed. Offspring consuming TAD soy had higher serum isoflavone concentrations than adults consuming TAD soy. Female monkeys consuming TAD soy had better glycemic control, as determined by fructosamine concentrations, but no differences in lipids or body weight compared with those consuming diets with TAD casein. Offspring born to dams consuming TAD soy had similar body weights at birth but over a two‐year period weighed significantly less, had significantly lower triglyceride concentrations, and like adult females, had significantly lower fructosamine concentrations compared to TAD casein. Glucose tolerance tests in adult females were not significantly different with diet, but offspring eating TAD soy had increased glucose disappearance with overall lower glucose and insulin responses to the glucose challenge compared with TAD casein. Potential reasons for the additional benefits of TAD soy observed in offspring but not in adults may be related to higher serum isoflavone concentrations in offspring, presence of the diet differences throughout more of their lifespan (including gestation), or different tissue susceptibilities in younger animals. Am. J. Primatol. 71:802–811, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tragverhalten von Verbundbauteilen aus bewehrtem UHFB und Stahlbeton
Authors: Oesterlee Cornelius , Brühwiler Eugen , Denarié Emmanuel
Published: July 2009

Ultra‐Hochleistungs‐Faserbetone (UHFB) eignen sich aufgrund ihrer hohen Festigkeiten, des hohen Verformungsvermögens und der geringen Permeabilität zur Verbesserung und Instandsetzung bestehender Betonbauten. Mit dünnen Schichten von bewehrtem UHFB, die auf bestehende Stahlbetonbauteile aufgetragen werden, können der Tragwiderstand und die Gebrauchstauglichkeit deutlich gesteigert werden. In einer umfangreichen Versuchsreihe wurden die Eigenschaften von mit zusätzlich zu den Fasern auch mit Stabstahl bewehrtem UHFB untersucht. Die Bewehrung des UHFB mit Stabstählen ist vorteilhaft, um den Verfestigungsbereich des UHFB zu erweitern, seinen Tragwiderstand zu erhöhen und die Streuung seiner mechanischen Eigenschaften zu reduzieren. Zur Bewehrung können hoch‐ oder niederfeste Stähle mit unterschiedlichen Oberflächenstrukturen zum Einsatz kommen. Abschließend werden zwei Anwendungen vorgestellt.

Structural Behaviour of Composite Elements Combining Reinforced Ultra‐High Performance Fibre‐Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) and Reinforced Concrete

Due to their high strengths, high deformability and low permeability Ultra‐High Performance Fibre‐Reinforced Concretes (UHPFRC) are suitable for the improvement and rehabilitation of existing concrete structures. Thin layers of reinforced UHPFRC that are applied to existing concrete members, increase both the load bearing capacity and the serviceability. By comprehensive experimental studies the behaviour of UHPFRC with additional bar reinforcement was investigated. The reinforcement of UHPFRC is advantageous in order to increase the strain hardening capacity of UHPFRC, its load bearing capacity and to reduce the scatter of its mechanical properties. Low or high strength steel grades with various surface characteristics can be used as reinforcement of UHPFRC. Finally two on site applications are presented.
Enhancement of chemiluminescence of the KIO4–luminol system by gallic acid, acetaldehyde and Mn2+: application for the determination of catecholamines
Authors: Chen Yu‐Cheng , Lin Wann‐Yin
Published: July 2009

Chemiluminescence (CL) from the oxidation of luminol with potassium periodate in strong alkaline solutions was greatly enhanced by the combined effect of gallic acid, acetaldehyde and Mn2+. The CL spectra exhibited only one emission band at 425 nm, indicating 3‐aminophthalate as the emitting species. Various scavengers for superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and singlet oxygen quenched the CL emission very efficiently (74–100%), suggesting the possible involvement of these reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the CL reactions. It is postulated that oxidation of gallic acid and acetaldehyde by periodate catalyzed by Mn2+ generates these ROS, which then react with luminol to enhance the CL emission. We also found that the enhanced CL emission was strongly inhibited by catecholamines, probably because of their effective scavenging of ROS. Based on this observation, a simple, rapid and sensitive new CL method was developed for the determination of catecholamines. The detection limits (3σ) for dopamine, l‐dopa, norepinephrine and epinephrine were 0.63, 1.37, 0.56 and 14.3 nmol/L, respectively. The linear range was 1–10 nmol/L; relative standard deviations were 0.71–1.34% for 0.1 µmol/mL catecholamines. This CL method was applied to the determination of catecholamines in pharmaceutical injections with satisfactory results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of folic acid by high‐performance liquid chromatography with direct electrogenerated chemiluminescence reaction
Authors: Sun Yonghua , Zhang Zhujun , Xi Zhijun , Shi Zuolong
Published: July 2009

In our present work, it was found that the electrooxidation of folic acid (FA) was accompanied by electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) emission. Out of the four inorganic salts, NaNO3 solution was found to be a suitable supporting electrolyte for the ECL emission of FA. Coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography separation, this simple ECL method was used for post‐column determination of FA. Under the optimal conditions, the ECL intensity has a linear relationship with the concentration of FA in the range of 1.0 × 10−7 to 1.0 × 10−5 g/mL and the detection limit was 5 × 10−8 g/mL (signal‐to‐noise ratio = 3). Application of the present method to the analysis of FA in human urine proved feasible. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flow injection determination of benzhexol based on its sensitizing effect on the chemiluminescent reaction of Ce(IV)–sulfite
Authors: Zhang Jingkai , Li Jianguo , Tu Yifeng
Published: July 2009

In this paper, a novel chemiluminescent (CL) method for the determination of benzhexol has been developed by combining the flow injection technique and its sensitizing effect on the weak CL reaction between sulfite and acidic cerium(IV). A mechanism for the CL reaction has been proposed on the basis of CL spectra. Under the optimized conditions, the proposed method allows the measurement of benzhexol hydrochloride over the range 0.1–10 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9992 (n = 8), a detection limit of 0.02 μg/mL (3σ), and a relative standard deviation for 2.0 μg/mL benzhexol (n = 11) of 1.65%. The utility of this method was demonstrated by determining benzhexol hydrochloride in tablets. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simple and sensitive HPLC method for determination of amrubicin and amrubicinol in human plasma: application to a clinical pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Ando Reiko , Makino Yoshinori , Tamura Tomohide , Yamamoto Noboru , Nishigaki Rena , Kimura Takehiro , Yokote Nobuaki , Yamamoto Hiroshi
Published: July 2009

A simple and sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for determination of amrubicin and its metabolite amrubicinol in human plasma. After protein precipitation with methanol without evaporation procedure, large volume samples were injected and separated by two monolithic columns with a guard column. The mobile phase consisted of tetrahydrofuran–dioxane–water (containing 2.3 mM acetic acid and 4 mM sodium 1‐octanesulfonate; 2:6:15, v/v/v). Wavelengths of fluorescence detection were set at 480 nm for excitation and 550 nm for detection. Under these conditions, linearity was confirmed in the 2.5–5000 ng/mL concentration range of both compounds. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision and intra‐ and inter‐day accuracy for both compounds were less than 10%. The method was successfully applied to a clinical pharmacokinetic study of amrubicin and amrubicinol in cancer patients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient experimental design and micro‐scale medium enhancement of 6‐deoxyerythronolide B production through Escherichia coli
Authors: Pistorino Michael , Pfeifer Blaine A.
Published: July 2009

The recent use of heterologous hosts to produce natural products has shown significant potential, although limitations still exist regarding optimal production titers. In this study, we utilize micro‐scale cultures and well‐defined screening methods to identify key medium components that influence the heterologous production of the complex polyketide 6‐deoxyerythronolide B (6dEB) through E. coli. It was determined that tryptone had a significant effect on 6dEB production and could supplement substrate requirements and improve recombinant protein levels of the essential deoxyerythronolide B synthase (DEBS) which catalyze 6dEB conversion. As a result, the study (1) demonstrates the feasibility of micro‐scale cultures to study E. coli 6dEB production and effectively model larger‐scale cultures; (2) identifies an enhanced medium which generates over 160 mg L−1 6dEB (a 22‐fold improvement over current culture media); and (3) provides new insight and understanding related to the heterologous production of 6dEB from E. coli. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Development of a Matlab/Simulink®‐based wind turbine prototyping software through undergraduate student projects
Authors: Benbouzid M. E. H. , Diallo D.
Published: July 2009

Electrical Engineering and more particularly Power Engineering at the undergraduate level is facing a crisis at many French universities in terms of enrollment. One reason is the attraction of “newer” areas like Computer Engineering, which seem to excite the students more and pay higher starting salaries. In this difficult context, a significant educational investment is necessary to excite the students and entice them into Power Engineering. An area that students universally find interesting is alternate energy systems based on a renewable energy supply like wind. What is interesting with this area is that it includes the fundamental material that already exists in many energy conversion courses. Therefore, in this article the authors present the development of wind turbine prototyping software under Matlab/Simulink® through undergraduate student projects within the Electrical and Computer Engineering Professional Institute(IUP GEII) at Amiens, France 1. This software was developed by a group of three students of the Institute third and final year. It was then used by another group of three students of the Institute second year to realize a wind energy system model. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 20: 78–87, 2012