bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Piloting a Novel Computational Framework for Identifying Prosthesis‐Specific Contributions to Gait Deviations
Authors: N'Guessan Jacques‐Ezechiel , Ahmed Muhammad Hassaan , Leineweber Matthew , Goyal Sachin
Published: October 2024

This paper introduces a novel computational framework for evaluating above‐knee prostheses, addressing a major challenge in gait deviation studies: distinguishing between prosthesis‐specific and patient‐specific contributions to gait deviations. This innovative approach utilizes three separate computational models to quantify the changes in gait dynamics necessary to achieve a set of ideal gait kinematics across different prosthesis designs. The pilot study presented here employs a simple two‐dimensional swing‐phase model to conceptually demonstrate how the outcomes of this three‐model framework can assess the extent to which prosthesis design impacts a user's ability to replicate the dynamics of able‐bodied gait. Furthermore, this framework offers potential for optimizing passive prosthetic devices for individual patients, thereby reducing the need for real‐life experiments, clinic visits, and overcoming rehabilitation challenges.
Carbonatoperoxovanadates with Strong Second‐Harmonic Generation: Insights from First‐Principles Calculations on Anisotropic Structures and Optical Parameters
Authors: Hu Jinyu , Hu Yuxin , Zhu Hui , Zhao Huiyan , He Chao , Wang Xihu
Published: October 2024

Carbonatoperoxovanadates are considered as promising functional materials in optoelectronic devices due to their excellent optical properties, particularly strong second‐harmonic generation (SHG) response. However, the relationship between their geometric structures and optical properties remains unclear. Herein, the structural, electronic, and optical properties of carbonatoperoxovanadates A3VO(O2)2CO3 (A=K, Rb, and Cs) were investigated using first‐principles calculation. Results suggest that high‐density and parallel arrangement of nonlinear optical active [VO(O2)2CO3] units are conducive to generating large SHG response in A3[V(O2)2O]CO3. Optical anisotropy was observed. Birefringence values for A3[V(O2)2O]CO3 were comparable to those of commonly used infrared nonlinear optical materials. Specifically, results of tiny optical characteristics (local dipole moments, HUMO‐LUMO gap, polarizability anisotropy, and hyperpolarizability) indicate that asymmetry [VO(O2)2CO3] is an excellent nonlinear optical active functional unit, owing to the synergistic effect between its non‐centrosymmetric nonlinear optical elements. This study elucidates the structure‐property relationship of carbonatoperoxovanadates, offering valuable insights for designing novel high‐performance SHG materials.
Enhancing Efficiency and Sustainability: Unleashing the Potential of Continuous Flow in Multicomponent Reactions
Authors: Carvalho Marcelo H. R. , de Castro Pedro P. , de Oliveira Kleber T. , Amarante Giovanni W.
Published: October 2024

The integration of multicomponent reactions (MCRs), which offer a rapid and efficient approach to synthesize complex molecular scaffolds, with continuous flow platforms is an increasingly recognized strategy in green synthesis. This association enables precise control over reaction parameters, including improved kinetics and selectivity, reduced reaction times, enhanced yields and scalabilities, while aligning with sustainable and green chemistry principles through resource utilization, minimized waste, and reduced environmental impact. This review presents a critical analysis of recent studies covering the MCR‐continuous flow association, with a focus on achieving greener and more sustainable synthesis practices.
Catalytic Fe2+ Cation Pair Site for Base‐free N‐Alkylation of Aromatic Amines with Alcohols
Authors: Kita Yusuke , Fukuda Takato , Akatsuka Masato , Chen Pengru , Tamura Masazumi
Published: October 2024

The development of heterogeneous Fe catalysts is very attractive due to the ubiquitous, abundant, and inexpensive nature of Fe as a resource. However, Fe oxides are commonly inert as catalysts and hence, the design and fabrication of active Fe sites are essential. Herein, the fabrication of an active Fe cation pair site by simple reduction treatment of SiO2‐supported FeOx (FeOx/SiO2) is presented. The active Fe cation pair site was formed by the removal of the oxygen atom between Fe cations of the FeOx on SiO2, namely oxygen vacancy formation, which is induced by temperature‐controlled reduction treatment. 773 K reduction maximized the Fe cation pair sites without the decomposition of FeOx species, which was an effective catalytic one for the N‐alkylation of amines mainly proceeded through Meerwein‐Ponndorf‐Verley (MPV) type reduction, which is achieved by the stabilization of six‐membered ring transition state derived from imines and alcohols over the open active site of the Fe cation pair site.
Tracking Small Animals in Complex Landscapes: A Comparison of Localisation Workflows for Automated Radio Telemetry Systems
Authors: Rueda‐Uribe Cristina , Sargent Alyssa J. , Echeverry‐Galvis María Ángela , Camargo‐Martínez Pedro A. , Capellini Isabella , Lancaster Lesley T. , Rico‐Guevara Alejandro , Travis Justin M. J.
Published: October 2024

Automated radio telemetry systems (ARTS) have the potential to revolutionise our understanding of animal movement by providing a near‐continuous record of individual locations in the wild. However, localisation errors in ARTS data can be very high, especially in natural landscapes with complex vegetation structure and topography. This curtails the research questions that may be addressed with this technology. We set up an ARTS grid in a valley with heterogeneous vegetation cover in the Colombian high Andes and applied an analytical pipeline to test the effectiveness of localisation methods. We performed calibration trials to simulate animal movement in high‐ or low‐flight, or walking on the ground, and compared workflows with varying decisions related to signal cleaning, selection, smoothing, and interpretation, along with four multilateration approaches. We also quantified the influence of spatial features on the system's accuracy. Results showed large variation in localisation error, ranging between 0.4–43.4 m and 474–1929 m, depending on the localisation method used. We found that the selection of higher radio signal strengths and data smoothing based on the temporal autocorrelation are useful tools to improve accuracy. Moreover, terrain ruggedness, height of movement, vegetation type, and the location of animals inside or outside the grid area influence localisation error. In the case of our study system, thousands of location points were successfully estimated for two high‐altitude hummingbird species that previously lacked movement data. Our case study on hummingbirds suggests ARTS grids can be used to estimate small animals' home ranges, associations with vegetation types, and seasonality in occurrence. We present a comparative localisation pipeline, highlighting the variety of possible decisions while processing radio signal data. Overall, this study provides guidance to improve the resolution of location estimates, broadening the application of this tracking technology in the study of the spatial ecology of wild populations.
In situ tests of building structures isolated by innovative three‐dimensional vibration isolation bearings
Authors: Cao Yingri , Pan Peng , He Zhizhou , Sun Jiangbo , Wen Jiangtao , Mao Gang
Published: October 2024

An innovative three‐dimensional vibration isolation bearing (3D‐VIB) was proposed in past studies to mitigate rail‐induced vibration and improve the seismic performance of buildings. The 3D‐VIB was composed of a thick laminated rubber bearing as the vertical vibration isolation element and a friction pendulum system as the horizontal seismic isolation element. In this study, in situ tests were carried out on a subway over‐track structure with 3D‐VIBs. The in situ tests included the subway‐induced vibration excitation test and the horizontal loading test on the same structure. In the subway‐induced vibration excitation test, the vertical isolation performance of the test structure was changed by transforming the isolation layer from a normal vibration‐isolation‐state to a non‐isolation‐state. The comparison between the two states proved that the installation of 3D‐VIBs significantly changed the vertical vibration mode and reduced the subway‐induced vibration of the superstructure. The shear performances of the isolated structure were examined by the horizontal loading test, which subjected the superstructure to a large horizontal movement under external load. The shear performances of the structure with 3D‐VIBs were consistent with that of the 3D‐VIB specimens measured in the laboratory. The in situ tests confirmed the effectiveness and stability of the 3D‐VIBs when applied to practical engineering.
Seismic design and analysis of truss‐confined buckling‐restrained braces
Authors: Wu An‐Chien , Tsai Keh‐Chyuan , Chen Chun , Chen Lu‐An , Tsai Ching‐Yi
Published: October 2024

The truss‐confined buckling‐restrained brace (TC‐BRB) with a varying or constant section truss confining system was proposed for applications of long span and large force capacities. Their feasibility and hysteresis behavior were examined through experimental investigations. This paper presents an original formulation of the elastic buckling resistance of the novel restraining system, considering the shear reduction effect. The findings indicate that the chord predominantly contributes to the flexural rigidity in the restraining system, while the post primarily contributes to the overall shear rigidity. Subsequently, the ultimate compressive strength of a TC‐BRB is evaluated, incorporating the effects of chord residual stress, length differences between the restrainer and entire brace, and initial in‐plane flexural deformation, based on available experimental data. A numerical procedure employing finite element model (FEM) analysis is introduced to simulate the mechanical characteristics of TC‐BRBs. The critical loads are verified through FEM analyses and test results. The failure mode observed in the numerical models is the instability of the chords near the midspan, as expected. A simplified approach for determining the ultimate compressive strength and design recommendations for TC‐BRBs are provided for engineering practice.
Is prior bullying victimization associated with subsequent bullying perpetration? A theoretical framework based on the Threat‐Motivation model
Authors: Li Xi , Zhao Yuejiao , Jiang Kewen , Shi Ke , Gong Fangying , Chen Ning , Liu Wei
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Bullying among adolescents is a global public health issue prevalent in schools, posing significant risks to positive adolescent development. Studies have shown that bullied adolescents tend to engage in more bullying perpetration, but this underlying process of longitudinal correlation has not been fully elucidated.

Methods

Based on two waves of longitudinal data collected from 347 junior and 144 senior high school students in China (Mage = 13.66 years, SDage = 1.46, 59.27% boys) at 1‐year intervals, two moderated chain‐mediation models were used to explore the longitudinal correlations between bullying victimization and bullying perpetration and its underlying processes.

Results

The results found a significant positive correlation between adolescents’ bullying victimization experiences 1 year prior and bullying perpetration 1 year later. Furthermore, fear of negative evaluation and psychache played a longitudinal chain‐mediating role in the process, with self‐esteem and grade moderating this mediating pathway, either enhancing or weakening the effect.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that prior bullying victimization is longitudinally and positively associated with subsequent bullying perpetration among adolescents. This process is mediated by fear of negative evaluation and psychache, with self‐esteem and grade level as moderators. Based on these conclusions, we have formulated the Threat‐Motivation Model, offering a framework to understand the relationship between bullying victimization and bullying perpetration. Practical implications, including strategies to reduce bullying in youth groups, are discussed.
Advances in the mechanisms of vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Wang Ziyang , Gui Zebin , Zhang Lirong , Wang Zhongqun
Published: October 2024

Vascular calcification (VC) is common in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD).A series of factors, such as calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorders, uremic toxin accumulation, inflammation and oxidative stress and cellular senescence, cause osteoblast‐like differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells, secretion of extracellular vesicles, and imbalance of calcium regulatory factors, which together promote the development of VC in CKD. Recent advances in epigenetics have provided better tools for the investigation of VC etiology and new approaches for finding more accurate biomarkers. These advances have not only deepened our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of VC in CKD, but also provided valuable clues for the optimization of clinical predictors and the exploration of potential therapeutic targets. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis of CKD VC, especially the new advances made in recent years, including the various key factors mentioned above. Through the comprehensive analysis, we expect to provide a solid theoretical foundation and research direction for future studies targeting the specific mechanisms of CKD VC, the establishment of clinical predictive indicators and the development of potential therapeutic strategies.
Ultrasonographic Assessment of Masseter and Anterior Temporal Muscle Thickness and Internal Structure in Young Adult Patients With Bruxism
Authors: Aslan Elif Meltem , Artaş Aslıhan
Published: October 2024

Objective

The current study is a comparative cross‐sectional analysis study to determine the thickness and internal structure of the masseter muscle (MM) and anterior temporal muscle (ATM) in patients with bruxism by ultrasonography (USG).

Materials and Methods

A total of 100 patients (36 males, 64 females), 50 with bruxism and 50 without bruxism, aged 20–30 years were included in the study. All patients were investigated with MM and ATM USG. The thickness of the muscles was measured at rest and during clenching and the internal structure at rest was classified as Type I, II, and III. Differences in the internal structure between bruxism and non‐bruxism groups were determined using the Chi‐square test (p < 0.05).

Results

The most common internal structure in bruxism was Type 2 in MM (74%) and Type 1 in ATM (46%), whereas in non‐bruxism, Type 1 in MM (58%) and Type 1 in ATM (80%) were found most frequently. While there was a statistically significant difference in the internal echogenic pattern in the right MM and ATM in bruxism (p < 0.05), no significant difference was observed on the left side (p > 0.05). Bruxism patients had higher rest and clench thicknesses than non‐bruxism patients on both sides in MM and ATM, however, this did not result in a statistically significant difference (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

The results obtained showed that the evaluation of internal structure and thickness differences via USG is crucial in understanding the nature of the bruxism process affecting the masseter and ATM, facilitating its clinical diagnosis and leading to its treatment.
Microscopic Characterization of the Infectious Process, ROS Production, and Fungi Cellular Death of Alternaria alternata on Tangerine Resistant to QoIs
Authors: Condé Thiago Oliveira , Dorigan Adriano Francis , Moreira Silvino Intra , da Silveira Patricia Ricardino , Alves Eduardo
Published: October 2024

Quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicide resistance in Alternaria alternata populations was reported in Brazil for the first time in 2019, in São Paulo orchards, and the mutation G143A in cytochrome b (cytb) was found in resistant isolates. Our study investigated the infectious process, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and fungal cell death in resistant (QoI‐R) and sensitive (QoI‐S) A. alternata pathotype tangerine (Aapt) isolates. Morphological characterization of Aapt isolates was performed using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Alternaria brown spot (ABS) symptoms were produced by Aapt isolates on tangelo cv. BRS Piemonte. Germination of QoI‐R conidia and production of germ tubes on tangelo leaflets treated with 100 μg mL−1 of pyraclostrobin 18 h after inoculation (hai) was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). At the same time, QoI‐S conidial germination was inhibited on tangelo leaflets treated with pyraclostrobin. ROS production and cell death in Aapt isolates at high fungicide concentrations were observed using CLSM. QoI‐S conidia exhibited high ROS production, indicating high oxidative stress. When dyed with propidium iodate (PI), QoI‐S conidia emitted red fluorescence, showing cell death and confirming their sensitive phenotype. In contrast, QoI‐R conidia neither produced ROS nor exhibited red fluorescence, indicating no cell death and confirming their resistant phenotype. Therefore, our findings evidence that microscopic techniques may help characterize events during fungi–plant interactions, ROS production, cell death, and Aapt phenotypes resistant and sensitive to QoIs using fluorometric protocols.
Serum‐derived bovine immunoglobulin treatment in COVID‐19 is associated with faster resolution of symptoms: A randomized pilot clinical trial
Authors: Utay Netanya S. , Güerri‐Fernández Roberto , Gharakhanian Shahin , Asmuth David M. , Contreras Moises , Kunkler Charlotte , Detzel Christopher J. , Warner Christopher D.
Published: October 2024

Effective treatment to prevent hospitalization and death in people with COVID‐19 exists, but people still need interventions that alleviate symptoms without drug interactions. Oral serum‐derived bovine immunoglobulins (SBI) may reduce symptoms and time‐to‐improvement in people with mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19. In this randomized, open‐label, single‐site study, participants with mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19 received SBI 5.0 g bis in die (BID) + Standard of Care (SOC) or SOC alone (2:1) for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks, 78.8% of hospitalized participants on SBI + SOC improved by World Health Organization (WHO) scale of ≥3 compared to 61.1% on SOC alone (odds ratio: OR = 2.4; p = 0.0663), with older participants (>57 years) showing more significant differences between the arms (OR = 6.1; p = 0.0109). Further, more participants on SBI + SOC reported absence of COVID‐19 symptoms at Week 2 (74.2%) compared to SOC alone (43.6%; OR = 3.7; p = 0.0031), most notably the absence of dyspnea on exertion (OR = 4.4; p = 0.0047), with women exhibiting the most significant eradication of all symptoms (OR = 5.8; p = 0.0080). No difference in change of IL‐6 between arms was observed. Overall, participants with mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19 on SBI + SOC had a shorter time‐to‐recovery than on SOC alone, with a significantly higher rate of complete resolution of symptoms. Dyspnea on exertion was the symptom most significantly impacted. For people with mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19, oral SBI could be a safe and effective intervention, devoid of drug interactions.
Gait stability improves following unilateral total ankle arthroplasty
Authors: Barylak Martin , Arena Sara L. , Carpentier Stephanie H. , Queen Robin M.
Published: October 2024

End‐stage ankle arthritis is often treated surgically by total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) due to its potential to improve gait through increased joint range of motion and reduce pain. However, TAA's effect on gait stability is not well understood. This study explores the impact of TAA on gait stability, measured by Margin of Stability (MoS), in 148 patients with end‐stage ankle arthritis. Kinematic data were collected pre‐operatively, at 1‐year post‐op, and at 2‐years post‐op and the MoS was determined at heel strike and midstance for the anteroposterior (MoSAP) and mediolateral (MoSML) directions. A linear mixed effects model including gait speed as a factor was used to assess the effects of limb, session, and their interaction on outcome measures. A significant interaction (p < 0.002) between limb (surgical, nonsurgical) and session (pre‐op, 1‐year post‐op, 2‐years post‐op) was identified for each MoS variable of interest. Cumulatively, our results suggest that the nonsurgical limb, MoSAP at heel strike and MoSML at midstance improved (increased) as time from surgery increased. These results suggest patients developed a compensatory movement pattern to navigate surgical limb single support. TAA reduces this compensation improving side‐to‐side symmetry, while not fully restoring symmetry by 2‐years post‐op. These results indicate that TAA could improve gait stability in patients with end‐stage ankle arthritis, but further work is needed to understand the impact of TAA on altering fall risk.
Fabrication, characterization and simulated gastrointestinal digestion of sea buckthorn pulp oil microcapsule: effect of wall material and interfacial bilayer stabilization
Authors: Bai Ge , Zhao Man , Chen Xiao‐Wei , Ma Chuan‐Guo , Ma Yan , Xianqing Huang
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) pulp oil is rich in functional components; however, low water solubility and stability limit its applications. This study fabricated sea buckthorn pulp oil microcapsules using whey protein isolate (WPI), soy protein isolate (SPI), sodium caseinate (NaCN), gum arabic (GA), starch sodium octenylsuccinate (OSAS) and SPI mixed with chitosan (CHI). The influences of these wall materials on physicochemical properties, release behavior and digestibility were explored.

RESULTS

Protein‐based wall materials (WPI, NaCN, SPI) demonstrated lower bulk densities due to their porous structures and larger particle sizes, while GA and OSAS produced denser microcapsules. Encapsulation efficiency was the highest for protein‐based microcapsules (79.41–89.12%) and the lowest for GA and OSAS. The surface oil percentage of protein‐based microcapsules (1.41–4.40%) was lower than that of the other microcapsules. Protein‐based microcapsules showed concave and cracked surfaces, while GA and OSAS microcapsules were spherical and smooth. CHI improved reconstitution performance, leading to faster dissolution. During simulated gastrointestinal digestion, protein‐based microcapsules released more free fatty acids (FFAs) in the intestinal phase, while CHI‐modified SPI microcapsules showed a delayed release pattern due to thicker walls.

CONCLUSION

Protein‐based wall materials were more effective for sea buckthorn pulp oil microencapsulation, providing higher encapsulation efficiency, better flow properties and releasing more FFAs. The addition of CHI led to the layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly of the microcapsule wall and resulted in sustained release during in vitro intestinal digestion. These findings suggested the potential of protein‐based microcapsules for targeted delivery and improved applications of bioactive oils in the food industry. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Elicitor‐mediated simultaneous accumulation of phloridzin and ursolic acid in Annurca apple peel‐derived calli
Authors: Laezza Carmen , Maisto Maria , Imbimbo Paola , Monti Daria Maria , Verrillo Mariavittoria , Di Loria Antonio , Monti Simona Maria , Marzocchi Adua , Grieco Paolo , Tenore Gian Carlo , D'Amelia Vincenzo , Rigano Maria Manuela
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Apple peel is rich in natural molecules, many exhibiting a significant bioactivity. In this study, our objective was to establish a novel callus line derived from the apple peel of the Italian local variety Annurca, known to accumulate high levels of dihydrochalcones and terpenes. In this regard, we tested the impact of one elicitor, yeast extract, on the expression of genes encoding key enzymes involved in phloridzin and ursolic acid biosynthesis, leading to the accumulation of these antioxidant compounds. We also assessed the bioactivity of callus extracts enriched in these phytochemicals.

RESULTS

After the elicitation, data showed increased expression of genes directly related to the synthesis of phloridzin and ursolic acid that were found to accumulate within the cultures. This presumably could explain the remarkable activity of extracts from the elicited‐calli in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. Also, the extracts enriched in antioxidant compounds inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human cells exposed to ultraviolet‐A (UV‐A) radiation.

CONCLUSION

Our results underscore the vast potential of the Annurca apple peel cell line in producing natural compounds that can be employed as food components to promote human health. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Gut microbiome dysbiosis is associated with lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis in symptomatic patients
Authors: Aboushaala Khaled , Chee Ana V. , Adnan Darbaz , Toro Sheila J. , Singh Harmanjeet , Savoia Andrew , Dhillon Ekamjeet S. , Yuh Catherine , Dourdourekas Jake , Patel Ishani K. , Vucicevic Rajko , Espinoza‐Orias Alejandro A. , Martin John T. , Oh Chundo , Keshavarzian Ali , Albert Hanne B. , Karppinen Jaro , Kocak Mehmet , Wong Arnold Y. L. , Goldberg Edward J. , Phillips Frank M. , Colman Matthew W. , Williams Frances M. K. , Borgia Jeffrey A. , Naqib Ankur , Green Stefan J. , Forsyth Christopher B. , An Howard S. , Samartzis Dino
Published: October 2024

Background

Lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis (LDS), characterized as degeneration of the intervertebral disc and structural changes of the facet joints, is a condition with varying degrees of instability that may lead to pain, canal stenosis, and subsequent surgical intervention. However, the etiology of LDS remains inconclusive. Gut microbiome dysbiosis may stimulate systemic inflammation in various disorders. However, the role of such dysbiosis upon spine health remains under‐studied. The current study assessed the association of gut microbiome dysbiosis in symptomatic patients with or without LDS.

Methods

A cross‐sectional analysis within the framework of a prospective study was performed. DNA was extracted from fecal samples collected from adult symptomatic patients with (n = 21) and without LDS (n = 12). Alpha and beta diversity assessed differences in fecal microbial community between groups. Taxon‐by‐taxon analysis identified microbial features with differential relative abundance between groups. Subject demographics and imaging parameters were also assessed.

Results

There was no significant group differences in age, sex, race, body mass index, smoking/alcohol history, pain profiles, spinopelvic alignment, and Modic changes (p >0.05). LDS subjects had significantly higher disc degeneration severity (p = 0.018) and alpha diversity levels compared to non‐LDS subjects (p = 0.002–0.003). Significant differences in gut microbial community structure were observed between groups (p = 0.046). Subjects with LDS exhibited distinct differences at the phylum level, with a significantly higher Firmicutes to Bacteroidota ratio compared to non‐LDS (p = 0.003). Differential relative abundance analysis identified six taxa with significant differences between the two groups, with LDS demonstrating an increase in putative pro‐inflammatory bacteria (Dialister, CAG‐352) and a decrease in anti‐inflammatory bacteria (Slackia, Escherichia‐Shigella).

Conclusion

This study is the first to report a significant association of gut microbiome dysbiosis and LDS in symptomatic patients, noting pro‐inflammatory bacterial taxa. This work provides a foundation for future studies addressing the role of the gut microbiome in association with spine health and disease.
Preliminary Normative Reference Values of Validated FEES Scales in Healthy Young Adults
Authors: Donohue Cara , Croft Kayla , Maristela Steven A. , Folsom Maureen , Hutcheson Katherine A. , Plowman Emily K.
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Limited normative reference data are available for validated outcomes of flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES). We aimed to examine healthy swallowing via FEES in community‐dwelling healthy adults to derive a preliminary reference dataset of normative validated FEES outcomes to guide clinical interpretation and diagnostic decision‐making.

Methods

Adults with no history of dysphagia‐related disease underwent simultaneous videofluoroscopy and FEES imaging using a standardized 11‐item bolus protocol. Trained raters performed duplicate, independent, blinded ratings of the New Zealand Secretion Scale (NZSS), Penetration‐Aspiration Scale (PAS), and Dynamic Imaging Grade of Swallowing Toxicity‐FEES (DIGEST‐FEES) validated scales. Descriptive statistics were performed at the bolus (PAS) and participant level (NZSS, DIGEST‐FEES).

Results

361 swallows from 33 community‐dwelling adults (36.6 ± 14.7 years old) were analyzed. In rank order, distribution profiles were: (1) NZSS: 95% normal (NZSS = 0), 5% abnormal (NZSS = 4); (2) Worst PAS: 73% safe (PAS 1–2, n = 24), 21% penetration above the true vocal folds (PAS 3, n = 7), 6% deep penetration to the true vocal folds (PAS = 5, n = 2); (3) DIGEST‐FEES Safety Grades: 91% Grade 0 (normal, n = 30), 9% Grade 1 (mild impairment, n = 3); (4) DIGEST‐FEES Efficiency Grades: 73% Grade 0 (normal, n = 24), 24% Grade 1 (mild impairment, n = 8), 3% Grade 2 (moderate impairment, n = 1).

Conclusion

This preliminary healthy FEES dataset highlights variation in swallowing safety and efficiency and suggests careful interpretation of FEES outcomes to avoid over‐pathologizing impairment. Future studies are warranted to obtain additional normative data in diverse populations to further understand normal variation in FEES outcomes to guide clinically meaningful diagnostic cut‐points.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 135:1034–1038, 2025
Retailer information sharing under manufacturer encroachment and production cost reduction
Authors: Li Zhibao , Wang Beifen
Published: October 2024

This study investigates retailer's sharing decisions concerning ex ante information about demand when the encroaching manufacturer can reduce production cost. Equilibrium information sharing decisions with encroachment are quite different from that with no encroachment. The encroaching manufacturer's cost reduction efficiency is key to determine equilibrium results, and these thresholds regarding cost reduction efficiency depend on competition intensity between the encroaching manufacturer's direct channel and retailer channel. Furthermore, through investigating the encroachment decisions of the manufacturer, we prove that the equilibrium information sharing decisions under encroachment is robust in general.
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) and market quality in emerging economies
Authors: Ghosh Dastidar Krishnendu , Yano Makoto
Published: October 2024

In many emerging economies with antiquated laws, bribes paid to government officials reduce economic impediments and serve as a device to improve market competition, thereby contributing to the modernization of an economy. In this context, this paper uses a simple two‐stage game theoretic model to investigate the effects of the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) on such economies. We demonstrate, among others, that while an increase in fines under FCPA reduces overall corruption, it leads to a deterioration in the market quality in an emerging economy. In the presence of FCPA, an increase in the US firm's technological advantage unambiguously leads to a decrease in the market quality in an emerging economy.
Impacts of Photooxidation on Commercially Available Homo and Copolymers of Polypropylene on Their Microstructure and Mechanics: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis
Authors: Chiapasco Marta , Valsecchi Michele , Hill Gavin , Wallis Christopher , Porter Alexandra E. , Giuliani Finn
Published: October 2024

Polyolefin degradation is widely studied to assess the lifetime of packaging materials. In this work, a combination of bulk (DSC, GPC, 13C‐NMR, XRD), surface (FTIR) and cross‐sectional characterization (Raman spectroscopy and nanoindentation) was used to examine changes in the mechanical properties and microstructure of two different commercially‐available polyolefins, with similar crystallinities, produced by injection molding—a polypropylene homopolymer (PPH) and a polypropylene random copolymer (PPRC)—aged under accelerated UV‐A conditions. The aim was to characterize the variations in the crystallinity and microstructure across the cross‐section of these materials. Our results suggest that the presence of ethylene comonomer units in PPRC results, on average, in smaller crystal dimensions, leads to improved packing, and a more homogeneous microstructure and hardness across the cross‐section of the sample. The ethylene monomers stabilize PPRC from oxidation during the first 14 days of accelerated aging, but eventually the rate of degradation matches the PPH at 28 days of aging, probably because of the higher surface area to volume ratio of the smaller crystals. The work emphasizes the importance of incorporating ethylene comonomers into polyolefins to limit variation of the microstructure across the core to the skin layer, for improved future design of packaging that degrades fully.
Exploring the Efficacy of Artificial Intelligence: A Comprehensive Analysis of CHAT‐GPT's Accuracy and Completeness in Addressing Urinary Incontinence Queries
Authors: Barbosa‐Silva Jordana , Driusso Patricia , Ferreira Elizabeth A. , de Abreu Raphael M.
Published: October 2024

Background

Artificial intelligence models are increasingly gaining popularity among patients and healthcare professionals. While it is impossible to restrict patient's access to different sources of information on the Internet, healthcare professional needs to be aware of the content‐quality available across different platforms.

Objective

To investigate the accuracy and completeness of Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT) in addressing frequently asked questions related to the management and treatment of female urinary incontinence (UI), compared to recommendations from guidelines.

Methods

This is a cross‐sectional study. Two researchers developed 14 frequently asked questions related to UI. Then, they were inserted into the ChatGPT platform on September 16, 2023. The accuracy (scores from 1 to 5) and completeness (score from 1 to 3) of ChatGPT's answers were assessed individually by two experienced researchers in the Women's Health field, following the recommendations proposed by the guidelines for UI.

Results

Most of the answers were classified as “more correct than incorrect” (n = 6), followed by “incorrect information than correct” (n = 3), “approximately equal correct and incorrect” (n = 2), “near all correct” (n = 2, and “correct” (n = 1). Regarding the appropriateness, most of the answers were classified as adequate, as they provided the minimum information expected to be classified as correct.

Conclusion

These results showed an inconsistency when evaluating the accuracy of answers generated by ChatGPT compared by scientific guidelines. Almost all the answers did not bring the complete content expected or reported in previous guidelines, which highlights to healthcare professionals and scientific community a concern about using artificial intelligence in patient counseling.
31P multi‐echo MRSI with low B1+ dual‐band refocusing RF pulses
Authors: Shams Zahra , van der Kemp Wybe J. M. , Klomp Dennis W. J. , Wiegers Evita C. , Wijnen Jannie P.
Published: October 2024

31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can spectrally resolve metabolites involved in phospholipid metabolism whose levels are altered in many cancers. Ultra‐high field facilitates the detection of phosphomonoesters (PMEs) and phosphodiesters (PDEs) with increased SNR and spectral resolution. Utilizing multi‐echo MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) further enhances SNR and enables T2 information estimation per metabolite.

To address the specific absorption rate (SAR) challenges associated with high‐power demanding adiabatic or composite block pulses in multi‐echo phosphorus imaging, we present a dual‐band refocusing RF pulse designed for operation at B1 amplitudes of 14.8 μT which holds potential for integration into multi‐echo sequences.

Phantom and in vivo experiments conducted in the brain at 7 Tesla validated the effectiveness of this low‐power dual‐band RF pulse. Furthermore, we implemented the dual‐band RF pulse into a multi‐echo MRSI sequence where it offered the potential to increase the number of echo pulses within the same acquisition time compared to high‐power adiabatic implementation, demonstrating its feasibility and practicality.
Distinct functional connectivity phenotypes in preadolescent children with binge eating disorder by BMI status
Authors: Steward Trevor , Jann Kay , Murray Stuart B.
Published: October 2024

Objective

The neurobiological mechanisms underpinning binge eating disorder (BED) in children remain largely unclear, as the alterations that have been identified to date may be attributable to BED, obesity, or compound effects. This study aimed to delineate functional connectivity (FC) patterns in inhibitory control and reward networks in preadolescent children with and without BED from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study according to BMI.

Methods

Resting‐state FC was examined in the inhibitory control network by using seeds in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex, and the posterior cingulate cortex, whereas the reward network included seeds in the orbitofrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and amygdala. Seed‐to‐voxel analyses characterized FC differences between preadolescent children with BED with a high BMI and those with BED with a low BMI.

Results

We identified that BED was characterized by reduced connectivity between the reward network and regions in the default mode network, irrespective of weight status. Participants with BED also presented with hypoconnectivity in fronto‐amygdalar circuits, which has been consistently associated with impaired emotion regulation capacity.

Conclusions

Our findings support that FC alterations between the reward network and the default mode network may be specifically impacted by the presence of BED as opposed to weight status.
Ischemia‐Free Kidney Transplantation From Deceased Donor Kidneys: The First Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yu Shuangjin , Chen Haiwei , Wu Guobin , Chen Tong , He Yu , Tu Yizhong , Lai Weijie , Deng Ronghai , Wu Chenglin , Chen Lizhong , Wang Changxi , He Xiaoshun , Qiu Jiang , Chen Guodong
Published: October 2024

Background

The study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of ischemia‐free kidney transplantation (IFKT) in preventing ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI), a common complication associated with organ transplantation.

Methods

Twelve kidneys were obtained from six donors and divided into two groups: the IFKT and the conventional kidney transplantation (CKT) group. The left kidneys underwent conventional cold perfusion and storage, while the right kidneys were procured using normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) to maintain uninterrupted blood supply. Perfusion parameters, metabolic and electrolyte parameters in the perfusate and urine, along with post‐transplant clinical data of the recipients, were collected for subsequent analysis.

Results

Perfusion flow rates varied from 100 to 300 mL/min under a pressure of 65 mmHg across different donor kidneys. Biochemical parameters such as the pH value, oxygen partial pressure, and electrolyte levels, including Na+ and K+ concentrations in the perfusate, remained stable within physiological ranges during NMP. Urine samples demonstrated significantly lower pH values, reduced Na+ concentrations, and elevated K+ concentrations compared to the perfusate, indicating effective kidney function in acid excretion, sodium retention, and potassium excretion during NMP. All patients survived, and the kidney grafts showed satisfactory function during the 12‐month follow‐up period. Clinical outcomes for recipients in the IFKT group were comparable to those in the CKT group, including similar rates of patient and graft survival at 1 year, as well as equivalent serum creatinine levels and eGFR at 1, 3, 6, and 12 post‐transplantation. Delayed graft function (DGF) occurred in one case (16.67%) from the same donor in both groups. One patient in the IFKT group experienced acute rejection, while no instances of primary graft nonfunction or other complications were observed in either group.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that the kidneys maintained in a physiological environment through NMP exhibit stable function, and post‐transplant allograft function is comparable between IFKT and CKT. The IFKT procedure demonstrates both feasibility and safety, presenting a promising approach to effectively mitigating IRI in kidney transplantation.
Confined Placental Mosaicism Detected With Non‐Invasive Prenatal Testing: Is There an Association Between Mosaic Ratio and Pregnancy Outcome?
Authors: Eggenhuizen Geerke M. , Go Attie T. J. I. , Hoffer Mariëtte J. V. , Goedegebuur‐Zwalua Eveline , Srebniak Malgorzata I. , Van Opstal Diane
Published: October 2024

Objective

Confined placental mosaicism (CPM) is associated with an increased risk for pregnancy complications, such as fetal growth restriction (FGR), preterm birth and hypertensive disorders. Pregnancies with possible CPM can be identified with non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT). We performed a retrospective cohort study to investigate whether the mosaic ratio, as calculated with the Veriseq v2 used for NIPT, can predict adverse pregnancy outcomes in cases of CPM.

Method

A mosaic ratio for trisomies detected by NIPT and obstetric data such as fetal growth, structural fetal anomalies and birthweight were retrospectively studied in a cohort of patients with CPM diagnosed between February 2021 and October 2023. Structural and sex chromosomal aberrations were not included in this study.

Results

Of 122 CPM cases, 52 cases (42.6%) showed adverse perinatal outcomes, including FGR, low birthweight, hypertensive disorders, or preterm birth. A significantly higher mosaic ratio was found in the adverse outcome group compared to those with normal outcome, but a clear‐cut threshold could not be set, except potentially for trisomy 16.

Conclusion

There is an association between the mosaic ratio and adverse pregnancy outcomes in cases of CPM. However, without a clear‐cut threshold, it cannot be used for the individual patient for differentiation between CPM with and without clinical consequences.
Investigations on Electrochemical Activity of Polycarbazole/Cadmium Sulfide/Hematite Iron (III) Oxide (PCz/CdS/α‐Fe2O3) Nanocomposite Electrode for Supercapacitors
Authors: Gunasekaran Roshini , Charles Julie , Gopal Satheesh Kumar
Published: October 2024

A novel ternary polycarbazole/cadmium sulfide/hematite iron (III) oxide (PCz/CdS/α‐Fe2O3) nanocomposite was synthesized through in situ chemical polymerization method. The phase structure and morphology of PCz, PCz/CdS, PCz/α‐Fe2O3, and PCz/CdS/α‐Fe2O3 were analyzed using XRD and FESEM techniques. From HR‐TEM study, particle size of PCz/CdS/α‐Fe2O3 nanocomposite was found to be 68.09 nm. The chemical composition and the binding energy of the elements present in PCz/CdS/α‐Fe2O3 nanocomposite were examined through XPS. BET studies revealed the mesoporous nature of PCz/CdS/α‐Fe2O3 with a large surface area (35.51 m2 g−1) compared to PCz/α‐Fe2O3 (21.52 m2 g−1) and PCz/CdS (7.47 m2 g−1) nanocomposites. Cyclic voltammetric studies revealed the highest specific capacitance (634.14 Fg−1) of ternary PCz/CdS/α‐Fe2O3 electrode in KOH electrolyte in comparison to H2SO4 (49.44 Fg−1) and Na2SO4 (79.94 Fg−1) electrolytes at a scan rate of 3 mVs−1. Cyclic stability test indicated a high capacitive retentivity of PCz/CdS/α‐Fe2O3 (97%) electrode than PCz/CdS (90%) and PCz/α‐Fe2O3 (93%) electrodes after completion of 2000 cycles. From EIS, PCz/CdS/α‐Fe2O3 displayed a low ESR value (1.35 Ω) than the binary electrodes; the value increased slightly after the cyclic stability analysis. All these indicate the effectiveness of PCz/CdS/α‐Fe2O3 as a suitable electrode for supercapacitors.
Haemophilus influenzae and pneumococci: Co‐colonization, interactions, cooperation and competition
Authors: McMahon Finn , Ware Robert S. , Grimwood Keith , Atack John M.
Published: October 2024

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) are pathobionts that share common environmental niches within the upper respiratory tract. They can form part of the resident upper airway microbiota, but under certain environmental circumstances become pathogenic and induce disease. In children, both organisms have a considerable impact on the healthcare system, commonly causing acute otitis media and pneumonia. They are also associated with chronic biofilm‐mediated respiratory infections, such as persistent middle ear effusions and chronic suppurative otitis media, and in the lower airways with protracted bacterial bronchitis and bronchiectasis. Consequently, both organisms are responsible for large numbers of antibiotic prescriptions and substantial healthcare costs. The complex relationship between NTHi and pneumococcal co‐interaction during colonization, infection and biofilm formation is poorly understood and a greater understanding is needed to facilitate development of future therapies, and novel interventions and prevention strategies. Co‐infections with both bacteria can result in more severe disease, with disease severity likely mediated by their ability to cooperate in some in vivo niches. However, this relationship is not always straightforward, as under certain conditions, these two bacteria compete rather than cooperate. Current opinion supports developing a vaccine targeting NTHi strains, as well as a combined vaccine targeting both NTHi and pneumococci to decrease the respiratory disease burden in young children. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the interactions between NTHi and pneumococci and speculates on the future directions of research to understand how these bacteria co‐exist and how to better prevent and treat NTHi and pneumococcal infection.
Synthesis and bioactivity studies of the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) sex pheromone analogs
Authors: Yan Junjie , Zhang Mengdi , Li Jing , Rondon Silvia I. , Gao Yulin
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a staple food crop globally, but its production is consistently threatened by diseases and arthropod pests like the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Phthorimaea operculella is often controlled by chemical applications. Sex pheromones have been used to detect, monitor, or control agricultural pests. Phthorimaea operculella sex pheromones mainly contain two chemical structures, 4E,7Z‐trisadene‐1‐ol acetate and 4E,7Z,10Z‐trisadene‐1‐ol acetate. However, the pheromone analogs are expected to act as mimics, synergists, antagonists, and inhibitors for pheromones and can be synthesized at a large scale.

RESULT

In this study, a total of 11 sex pheromone analogs of P. operculella were designed and synthesized. Results showed that the antennae exhibited a concentration‐dependent response to sex pheromones and their analogs. Different analogs and dosages had significant effects on the electrophysiological response of the antennae. In the field trials, when used alone, A6, B3 and B5 exhibited significant trapping effects in tobacco and potato fields. When used alternately with sex pheromone components, the analog B3 had significantly higher trapping effects in both tobacco and potato fields compared to the control, while combinations containing fluorinated analogs showed lower trapping effects.

CONCLUSION

In summary, the use of sex pheromone analogs holds great promise for integration into pest management programs. Further investigation to fine‐tune dosage and duration for optimal use is still needed. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.