bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gesture Recognition Achieved by Utilizing LoRa Signals and Deep Learning
Authors: Zhang Peihao , Zhao Baofeng
Published: February 2025

This study proposes a novel gesture recognition system based on LoRa technology, integrating advanced signal preprocessing, adaptive segmentation algorithms, and an improved SS-ResNet50 deep learning model. Through the combination of residual learning and dynamic convolution techniques, the SS-ResNet50 model significantly enhances the extraction capability of multi-scale gesture features, thereby augmenting the classification accuracy. To counter environmental noise and static interferences, an adaptive segmentation approach based on sliding window variance analysis is introduced in the research. This method effectively increases data diversity while preserving the specific components of gestures. Experimental outcomes indicate that the system exhibits strong robustness in cross-scenario and cross-device tests, with an average recognition accuracy of over 95% for six gestures. The system’s low power consumption, long-distance communication, and strong anti-interference capabilities offer broad prospects for its application in complex environments, particularly in resource-constrained scenarios such as underground mine gesture monitoring and remote control in dynamic environments and other practical applications. This study demonstrates the feasibility of gesture recognition systems based on LoRa technology and provides a new solution for low-power, long-distance non-contact gesture recognition.
A Two-Phase Embedding Approach for Secure Distributed Steganography
Authors: Woźniak Kamil , Ogiela Marek R. , Ogiela Lidia
Published: February 2025

Steganography serves a crucial role in secure communications by concealing information within non-suspicious media, yet traditional methods often lack resilience and efficiency. Distributed steganography, which involves fragmenting messages across multiple containers using secret sharing schemes, offers improved security but increases complexity. This paper introduces a novel two-phase embedding algorithm that mitigates these issues, enhancing both security and practicality. Initially, the secret message is divided into shares using Shamir’s Secret Sharing and embedded into distinct media containers via pseudo-random LSB paths determined by a unique internal stego key. Subsequently, this internal key is further divided and embedded using a shared stego key known only to the sender and receiver, adding an additional security layer. The algorithm effectively reduces key management complexity while enhancing resilience against sophisticated steganalytic attacks. Evaluation metrics, including Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM), demonstrate that stego images maintain high quality even when embedding up to 0.95 bits per pixel (bpp). Additionally, robustness tests with StegoExpose and Aletheia confirm the algorithm’s stealthiness, as no detections are made by these advanced steganalysis tools. This research offers a secure and efficient advancement in distributed steganography, facilitating resilient information concealment in sophisticated communication environments.
Two-Dimensional DOA Estimation for Coprime Planar Arrays: From Array Structure Design to Dimensionality-Reduction Root MUSIC Algorithm
Authors: Shi Yunhe , Zhang Xiaofei , Han Shengxinlai
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes a novel sparse array design and an efficient algorithm for two-dimensional direction-of-arrival (2D-DOA) estimation. By analyzing the hole distribution in coprime arrays and introducing supplementary elements, we design a Complementary Coprime Planar Array (CCPA) that strategically fills key holes in the virtual array. This design enhances the array’s continuous Degrees Of Freedom (DOFs) and virtual aperture, achieving improved performance in 2D-DOA estimation with fewer physical elements. The virtualization of the array further increases the available DOFs, while the hole-filling strategy ensures better spatial coverage and continuity. On the algorithmic side, we introduce a dimensionality-reduction root MUSIC algorithm tailored for uniform planar arrays after virtualization. By decomposing the two-dimensional spectral peak search into two one-dimensional polynomial root-finding problems, the proposed method significantly reduces computational complexity while maintaining high estimation accuracy. This approach effectively mitigates the challenges of 2D peak search, making it computationally efficient without sacrificing precision. Extensive simulations demonstrate the advantages of the proposed array and algorithm, including higher DOFs, reduced complexity, and superior estimation performance compared to existing methods. These results validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework in advancing sparse array design and signal processing for 2D-DOA estimation.
Perspectives on the Application of Biosensors for the Early Detection of Oral Cancer
Authors: Nagdeve Sanket Naresh , Suganthan Baviththira , Ramasamy Ramaraja P.
Published: February 2025

Oral cancer continues to cause profound suffering and is associated with high mortality rates. Early detection techniques are crucial in enhancing patient outcomes. This review paper thoroughly evaluates the significance of biomarkers and recent advancements in oral cancer detection, emphasizing cutting-edge electrochemical methods. The paper provides an epidemiological and etiological overview, outlining its clinical importance and reviewing the current state of the art in detection methods. Despite considerable progress, conventional methods exhibit limitations such as invasiveness, long wait times, and a lack of accuracy, creating a critical need for more robust technologies. This review emphasizes the significance of oral cancer biomarkers, which are considered promising cues for early detection, facilitating the development of innovative biosensing technologies. This review seeks to illuminate the recent advances in early detection and precision diagnostics, along with the usage of artificial intelligence strategies, ultimately contributing to significant progress in the battle against oral cancer.
How Does Cultural Sustainability Promote Fashion Consumers’ Purchase Intention?
Authors: Effendy Vanessa , Xiao Zengrui
Published: February 2025

Sustainable action of brands has become an essential force in cultural sustainability, but there is still a gap in knowledge about how it contributes to brand performance. This study aims to compare the different effects of creative social enterprise and sustainable campaigns on consumers’ purchase intention and examine the mediating role of brand hypocrisy and the moderating role of sustainable communication. A quasi-experiment was conducted with 499 participants. Hypotheses were tested using the bootstrapping method. The results demonstrated that creative social enterprise (versus sustainable campaign) has lower brand hypocrisy and thus results in higher purchase intention. In addition, when brands use explicit communication (versus implicit communication), the direct effect of creative social enterprise (versus sustainable campaigns) on purchase intention is stronger, while the mediating effect of brand hypocrisy remains the same. Based on these conclusions, it is recommended to integrate sustainable campaigns with implicit communication and creative social enterprise with explicit communication.
Agro-Industrial Waste Upcycling into Activated Carbons: A Sustainable Approach for Dye Removal and Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Alvez-Tovar Beatriz , Scalize Paulo Sergio , Angiolillo-Rodríguez Giovanny , Albuquerque Antonio , Ebang Malorie Ndemengane , de Oliveira Tatianne Ferreira
Published: February 2025

The increasing generation of agro-industrial waste has intensified soil and water contamination, as well as the eutrophication of water bodies, impacting biodiversity and human health. This highlights the need for responsible management to meet Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3, 6, 12, 13, 14, and 15, which promote health, access to clean water, responsible consumption, climate action, and the protection of life on land and below water. This study aimed to produce activated carbon from cocoa, baru, and monguba residues for the removal of contaminants dyes (methylene blue, bromocresol green, and methyl red) presented in wastewater. The three materials were carbonized at 500 °C for one hour under a nitrogen atmosphere and activated with H3PO4. The samples were characterized using TGA, SEM, XRD, FT-IR, pHPZC, and ASAP, in addition to conducting kinetic and thermodynamic parameter assays for the dyes. Monguba carbon exhibited the highest pore volume (1.57 cm3·g−1), surface area (1604 m2·g−1), and adsorption capacity for methylene blue and methyl red (50 mg·g−1). The data were analyzed using pseudo-first and pseudo-second order kinetic models. It was concluded that monguba carbon shows potential for the sustainable removal of organic dyes and molecules with similar characteristics in contaminated water or wastewater.
Assessing the Role of Environmental Education Practices Towards the Attainment of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Velempini Kgosietsile
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study was to assess the role of environmental education to attain the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Environmental education has an interconnection with the SDGs, that constitute 169 targets and 230 indicators. Education is addressed in SDG4; however, education has an extended role in other interconnected areas such as poverty, gender, health and inequality, natural resources, energy, and climate change and variability. This study adopted a survey method and employed a questionnaire, open-ended questions, and critical review of secondary sources. The results from this study reveal interspersed areas played by environmental education in attaining the integrated SDGs and contribute to building awareness on the momentous role of environmental education in producing sustainable pathways for the future. The international environmental education community shares a goal of focusing on environmental education to attain the SDGs. This paper recommends competent mainstreaming of environmental education practices in the school curriculum, lifelong learning settings, and in government and corporation policy frameworks to enable societies to become resilient.
Institutional Quality and Climate Vulnerability: Empirical Evidence from GCC Economies
Authors: Albahouth Abdulrahman A. , Tahir Muhammad
Published: February 2025

In recent years, the intersection of institutional quality and climate vulnerability has emerged as a critical yet largely untapped area of study, despite its profound implications for understanding resilience to environmental challenges and sustainable development. The purpose of this paper is to establish a relationship between the quality of domestic institutions and climate vulnerability in the case of “Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)” economies. Annual data spanning the period 2002–2021 were sourced from the “World Governance Indicators (WGI)”, “World Development Indicators (WDI)”, and the “Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN)”, providing a valuable trace of examined variables. We have applied several econometric techniques including the “Pooled Least Squares (PLS)”, “Fixed Effects (FET)”, “Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS)”, and “Two Stages Least Squares (2SLS)” to estimate the specified models and extract results. Our findings indicate that enhanced institutional quality significantly reduces climate vulnerability in GCC economies. In other words, effective climate governance practices in GCC countries have successfully mitigated climate vulnerability across these economies. The causality analysis confirmed the one-way causality running from institutional quality towards climate vulnerability. On the other hand, increased income level, urbanization, and the degree of trade openness are the major threats as their impacts on climate vulnerability are positive and statistically significant. The results obtained offer valuable insights for policymakers in GCC economies seeking to formulate effective policies addressing climate vulnerability.
Performance and Mechanism of UV/H2O2 Oxidation of Aminotris(Methylphosphonic Acid) Antiscalant of the Reverse Osmosis Concentrate
Authors: Liu Wenfang , Qian Feng , Lei Yaru , Chen Yihai , Song Yonghui
Published: February 2025

In wastewater treatment, reverse osmosis (RO) technology is gaining significance. However, antiscalants in RO systems harm the environment by hindering hardness removal and causing phosphorus pollution in receiving waters. This research employed the UV/H2O2 process to degrade a typical phosphoric-based antiscalant, aminotris(methylphosphonic acid) (ATMP). Compared to using UV light or H2O2 alone, the UV/ H2O2 technique significantly enhanced the degradation and conversion of ATMP. With UV irradiation and H2O2 (4 mM), at pH 8.5, 77.53% of ATMP (0.10 mM) was transformed into orthophosphate within 60 min, whereas the H2O2 and UV system showed minimal conversion. The effect of H2O2 dosage was investigated, and 4 mM was the optimal concentration. As the concentration increased, Cl−, SO42−, and NO3− exerted varying degrees of inhibitory effects on the conversion efficiency of orthophosphate. The Ca2+ and Zn2+ accelerated the process, while Mg2+ decelerated the process. Simultaneously, the impact of humic acid was examined. It was found that the final conversion to orthophosphate was reduced by about 12.37% at 5.0 mg C/L of humic acid. The effects of six organic carboxylic acids on the conversion efficiency to orthophosphate were also investigated, and the results showed that all of them had different degrees of inhibitory effects except for succinic acid. At the same time, the hydroxyl radical was identified as the primary intermediate oxidant. The efficient breakdown of ATMP was further confirmed by adding H2O2 to RO concentrates and applying ultraviolet irradiation. The research showed that UV/H2O2 is an effective technology for removing phosphonate antiscalants from RO concentrate.
The Sustainability of Economic and Business Practices Through Legal Cooperation in the Era of the Hainan Free Trade Port and Southeast Asian Nations
Authors: Khaskheli Muhammad Bilawal , Zhao Yongchen
Published: February 2025

This research explores the sustainability of economic and business practices through enhanced legal cooperation within the Hainan Free Trade Port and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; context is essential to China’s economic reform, contributing to a strong business environment and sustainable development. The research explores the functions of legal frameworks in facilitating trade, investment, and innovation, with special emphasis on regulation coordination and dispute–resolution mechanisms. The research inspects the legal basis of free trade zones in the major Association of Southeast Asian Nations. It reinforces each other’s systems, regulatory changes, and economic sustainability incentives, thus setting up these zones as a driver for international trade and investment. It underlines a set of challenges and opportunities, and close-up legal cooperation may be imperative for ensuring economic sustainability in the long run, gaining confidence among international investors, and encouraging responsible business conduct in the region as a whole. This study contributes to understanding how legal structures can support economic resilience and sustainable growth in emerging trade environments. This paper consists of five sections, with the first section based on the research study and its themes. The second reviews the literature comprising the historical context, current research, and work of previous scholars concerning the study while identifying research gaps; the third discusses the material and results, including new legislation related to Hainan’s FTP; the fourth discusses and analyzes the entire research work, including findings; and the fifth covers the conclusions, limitations, and future directions of the research.
Application of Expanded Shale as Filtration Media in Bioswales for Stormwater Treatment
Authors: Bhurtyal Ashish , Ahmari Habib
Published: February 2025

Urbanization and the expansion of impervious surfaces have increased stormwater runoff volumes, altered runoff timing, and degraded water quality and aquatic ecosystems. Runoff from urban areas carries pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, sediments, and heavy metals, which can adversely impact the physical characteristics of receiving waterbodies. Stormwater management programs aim to mitigate these effects using Best Management Practices (BMPs) to retain and treat stormwater on-site. However, in densely developed areas, space constraints and high costs often make traditional BMPs impractical. This study assessed the effectiveness of expanded shale, an engineered material, as a filtration medium in bioswales, a type of linear BMP commonly used in transportation infrastructure. Thirty scenarios were tested in a 16 ft (4.9 m) long plexiglass flume using expanded shale mixed with sandy clay soil. Due to the limited scope of this study, it focused on assessing the effectiveness of expanded shale in removing suspended sediments and reducing turbidity. Results showed that expanded shale achieved removal efficiencies ranging from 20% to 82% for total suspended solids (TSS) and −4% to 61% for turbidity under different conditions. It outperformed conventional filtration materials such as sand and gravel, requiring less channel length. Remarkably, even in a small-scale laboratory setting, expanded shale met the suspended sediment removal standard of 80%, demonstrating its potential as a highly effective filtration material alternative for urban stormwater management.
Simulation-Based Multi-Objective Optimization for Building Retrofits in Iran: Addressing Energy Consumption, Emissions, Comfort, and Indoor Air Quality Considering Climate Change
Authors: Dehghan Farshid , Porras Amores César
Published: February 2025

Climate change poses significant challenges to energy efficiency and occupant comfort in residential buildings. This study introduces a simulation-based multi-objective optimization approach for architectural design, aimed at addressing these challenges and enhancing environmental sustainability. Utilizing EnergyPlus for energy simulations and jEPlus to identify objective functions and design parameters, the research employed the NSGA-II algorithm through jEPlus + EA for multi-objective optimization. A Morris sensitivity analysis assessed the impact of 25 design variables—including heating and cooling setpoints, air infiltration rates, insulation types, window selections, airflow rates, and HVAC systems—on key objective functions. Applied to a residential building in Sari, Iran, the study analyzed various climate change scenarios to minimize five main objectives: primary energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, indoor air quality, predicted percentage of dissatisfied, and visual discomfort hours. The weighted sum method was used to select optimal solutions from the Pareto front. Results demonstrated that the recommended energy retrofit strategies could reduce primary energy consumption by up to 60%, greenhouse gas emissions by 60%, predicted thermal dissatisfaction by 65%, and visual discomfort hours by 83%, while also achieving indoor air quality levels that meet ASHRAE recommended standards. However, the implementation of these energy-efficient solutions may require careful consideration of trade-offs in design decisions when addressing climate change challenges.
Development and Application of a Multiplex PCR Assay for Simultaneous Detection of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus and Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus
Authors: Hu Hongxia , Zhang Jie , Wu Xiaoyin , Li Li , Qian Yajuan
Published: February 2025

Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) are two important viral pathogens that severely affect Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae plants. In order to reduce the further spread of these viruses, it is crucial to establish an efficient and reliable method to accurately detect the viruses. In this study, a multiplex PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of TYLCV and ToLCNDV was established. Three primer pairs designed from conserved regions within the coat protein or movement protein-encoding regions of the respective viruses were employed in the assay. The optimization of parameters such as primer concentration was set at 0.15 μM/0.15 μM, 0.25 μM/0.25 μM, and 0.50 μM/0.50 μM for ToLCNDV-DNA-A-F/R, TYLCV-F/R, and ToLCNDV-DNA-B-F/R primer pairs. At optimal primer concentrations, the multiplex PCR method demonstrates effective performance with an annealing temperature ranging from 51 °C to 66 °C. The specificity of the assay evaluated by testing against other begomoviruses showed no evidence of cross-amplification. Further sensitivity analysis performed using a serially diluted plasmid containing viral targets as templates demonstrated high sensitivity with a detection limit of 103 copies/μL. Field surveys utilizing the multiplex PCR assay successfully identified the infection of TYLCV and ToLCNDV in field-collected samples.
Neurobiological Alterations Induced by SARS-CoV-2: Insights from Variant-Specific Host Gene Expression Patterns in hACE2-Expressing Mice
Authors: Jahantigh Hamid Reza , Elsharkawy Amany , Guglani Anchala , Arora Komal , Patterson Lila D. , Kumar Mukesh
Published: February 2025

Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, various severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants have emerged. Although the primary site of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the lungs, it can also affect the brain and induce neurological symptoms. However, the specific effects of different variants on the brain remain unclear. In this study, a whole-transcriptome analysis was conducted using the brain tissues of K18-hACE2 mice infected with the ancestral B.1 (Wuhan) variant and with major SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, including B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), B.1.617.2 (Delta) and B.1.529 (Omicron). After sequencing, differential gene expression, gene ontology (GO) and genome pathway enrichment analyses were performed. An Immune Cell Abundance Identifier (ImmuCellAI) was used to identify the abundance of different cell populations. Additionally, RT-qPCR was used to validate the RNA-seq data. The viral load and hierarchical clustering analyses divided the samples into two different clusters with notable differences in gene expression at day 6 post-infection for all variants compared to the control group. GO and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analyses revealed similar patterns of pathway enrichment for different variants. ImmuCellAI revealed the changes in immune cell populations, including the decrease in CD4+ T and B cell proportions and the increase in CD8+ T and dendritic cell proportions. A co-expression network analysis revealed that some genes, such as STAT1, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), were dysregulated in all variants. A RT-qPCR analysis for IL-6, CXCL10 and IRF7 further validated the RNA-seq analysis. In conclusion, this study provides, for the first time, an extensive transcriptome analysis of a K18-hACE2 mouse brain after infection with major SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Dose-Dependent Effect of DNA Vaccine pVAX-H5 Encoding a Modified Hemagglutinin of Influenza A (H5N8) and Its Cross-Reactivity Against A (H5N1) Influenza Viruses of Clade 2.3.4.4b
Authors: Rudometov Andrey P. , Litvinova Victoria R. , Gudymo Andrei S. , Ivanova Ksenia I. , Rudometova Nadezhda B. , Kisakov Denis N. , Borgoyakova Mariya B. , Kisakova Lyubov A. , Yakovlev Vladimir A. , Tigeeva Elena V. , Vahitov Danil I. , Makarova Kristina P. , Kolosova Natalia P. , Ilyicheva Tatiana N. , Marchenko Vasiliy Yu. , Sergeev Artemiy A. , Karpenko Larisa I. , Ilyichev Alexander A.
Published: February 2025

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses are widespread in wild and domestic birds, causing severe economic damage to the global poultry industry. Moreover, viruses of this clade are known to cause infections in mammals, posing a potential pandemic threat. Due to the ongoing evolution and change in the dominant strains of H5 clade 2.3.4.4b, it is important to investigate the cross-reactivity of vaccines in use and under development against clade 2.3.4.4b viruses. In this study, the immunogenicity of the previously developed DNA vaccine encoding a modified hemagglutinin of the influenza A/turkey/Stavropol/320-01/2020 (H5N8) virus, administered by jet injection at doses of 1, 10, 50, 100, and 200 μg, was investigated. The highest titer of specific to recombinant hemagglutinin antibodies was detected in the group of animals injected with 100 µg of DNA vaccine. The cross-reactivity study of sera of animals immunized with 100 µg of DNA vaccine in a microneutralization assay against the strains A/chicken/Astrakhan/321-05/2020 (H5N8), A/chicken/Komi/24-4V/2023 (H5N1), and A/chicken/Khabarovsk/24-1V/2022 (H5N1) showed the formation of cross-neutralizing antibodies. Moreover, the study of protective properties showed that the DNA vaccine protected animals from mortality after infection with A/chicken/Khabarovsk/24-1V/2022 (H5N1) virus.
Torque Teno Virus: Lights and Shades
Authors: Brani Paola , Manzoor Hafza Zahira , Spezia Pietro Giorgio , Vigezzi Andrea , Ietto Giuseppe , Dalla Gasperina Daniela , Minosse Claudia , Bosi Annalisa , Giaroni Cristina , Carcano Giulio , Maggi Fabrizio , Baj Andreina
Published: February 2025

Torque Teno Virus (TTV) is a highly prevalent non-pathogenic DNA virus whose plasma levels may be related to the host’s immune status. TTV gained attention about 25 years ago, but its replication is not fully understood, nor is its relationship with the host's immune system. Despite this lack of knowledge, TTV is currently being investigated as a functional biomarker of the immune system in patients with immunological damage and inflammatory diseases. Monitoring TTV viral load over time may help clinicians in making therapeutic decisions regarding immunosuppression as well as the likelihood of infectious complications. This review summarizes what we do and do not know about this enigmatic virus.
Evaluating Probenecid or Oseltamivir Inhibition of Influenza A Virus Replication Through Plaque Assay or Fluorescent Focus Assay Using Non-Structural Protein 1–H1N1 Venus Reporter Virus
Authors: Murray Jackelyn , Nogales Aitor , Martinez-Sobrido Luis , Martin David E. , Sancilio Fred D. , Tripp Ralph A.
Published: February 2025

It is essential to understand the molecular mechanisms of influenza antiviral therapeutics to evaluate their efficacy. Virus plaque assays are commonly used to assess the antiviral effects of drugs on virus replication; however, this method is labor-intensive and can present challenges. We avoided this method by using a replication-competent influenza A virus (IAV) expressing a reporter fluorescent gene fused to the non-structural protein 1 (NS1) gene. The reporter IAV was detectable in normal human bronchoepithelial (NHBE) infected cells and offered an improved method to determine the therapeutic efficacy of the antiviral drugs probenecid and oseltamivir compared to a standard plaque assay. This method provides an excellent means for evaluating therapeutic approaches against IAV.
Assessment of COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Hospitalization and Death in Mexican Patients with Metabolic Syndrome from Northeast Mexico: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Silva Ramírez Beatriz , Peñuelas Urquides Katia , Escobedo Guajardo Brenda Leticia , Mata Tijerina Viviana Leticia , Cruz Luna Jorge Eleazar , Corrales Pérez Roberto , Gómez García Salvador , González Escalante Laura Adiene , Camacho Moll María Elena
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a predisposing factor for severe COVID-19. The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with MetS has been poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination before (BO) and after the Omicron (AO) SARS-CoV-2 variant in patients with MetS. Methods: This retrospective observational study was carried out in a total of 3194 patients with MetS and a COVID-19 PCR or rapid antigen test. The main outcomes were vaccine effectiveness against infection, hospitalization and death resulting from COVID-19. Results: BO, only two doses of BNT162b2 were effective against infection, this effectiveness was lost AO. Also, with two doses, BNT162b2, ChAdOx1 and CoronaVac were effective against hospitalization BO; however, AO, only BNT162b2 and CoronaVac were effective. Regarding death as an outcome of COVID-19, two doses of BNT162b2 were effective BO, whereas AO, BNT162b2 and CoronaVac were 100% effective. BO the presentation of a sore throat increased after two doses of COVID-19 vaccine regardless of the type, and the presentation of dyspnea diminished after two doses of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac. Conclusions: The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has impacted vaccines’ effectiveness against hospitalization and death in patients with MetS. A tailored vaccination scheme for patients with MetS should be implemented due to the varying effectiveness rates observed in our study.
Economic Impacts of Ultrasonographic Fetal Sex Determination on Hanwoo Cattle Profitability and Market Dynamics
Authors: Kim Doyoon , Son Miyeon , Jung Daejin , Heo Seongeun , Kim Myoungok , Yi Junkoo
Published: February 2025

(1) Background: The Hanwoo cattle industry, valued for its premium beef, faces economic challenges due to fluctuating market prices, rising production costs, and profitability disparities based on calf sex, with male calves fetching higher prices and creating income imbalances for breeding farms. (2) Methods: This study assessed the economic impact of ultrasonographic fetal sex determination, a technology enabling fetal sex identification between 55 and 100 days of gestation, using 107 pregnant Hanwoo cows, of which 104 were successfully assessed with a 96.1% accuracy rate across all gestational stages. (3) Results: Economic analysis revealed that farms employing this technology achieved higher profitability by adjusting prices based on calf sex, with male calves significantly enhancing asset value; however, the technology’s financial benefits were influenced by market dynamics, implementation costs, and sex ratios. (4) Conclusions: These findings underscore the potential of ultrasonographic fetal sex determination to improve Hanwoo farm profitability and sustainability, provided its adoption is accompanied by careful consideration of costs and market conditions.
Morphometric Diversity and Population Structure of the Crucifix Crab (Charybdis feriatus) in East Asian Recreational Fisheries
Authors: Kao Wei-Chieh , Shih Chun-Han , Sung Yu-Chi , Chen Po-Cheng , Lu Yu-Ming , Han Yu-San , Tzeng Tzong-Der
Published: February 2025

This study delves into the fascinating morphological diversity and population groups of the Crucifix crab (Charybdis feriatus), a species steeped in the cultural and spiritual significance of recreational fisheries across East and Southeast Asia. It is known in the West as the “Crucifix crab” due to the distinct cross pattern on its shell. In this research, we collected 759 specimens from seven estuarine locations: Kyushu (Japan), Shanghai, Xiamen, Hong Kong (China), Yilan, Kaohsiung (Taiwan), and Singapore. Using advanced statistical methods, including canonical variate analysis (CVA) and hierarchical clustering, we identified three distinct population groups: the Northeast Asian group (NAG), the Kuroshio tributary group (KTG), and the Southeast Asian group (SAG). Significant morphological differences were found between these populations, suggesting that the crab’s adaptation to varying sea environments is as unique as its symbolic cross-shaped marking. The canonical variate analysis revealed that the first two eigenvalues explained 88% of the total variance (61% and 27%, respectively) in females and 80% in males (62% and 18%, respectively). The key morphometric traits CP1 (frontal teeth) and CP4 (posterior margin) showed the highest variability (correlation coefficients ranging from 0.76 to 0.82, p < 0.001). Interestingly, the traits CP1 (frontal teeth) and CP4 (posterior margin) emerged as key drivers of allometric growth variation, further enriching our understanding of this species.
Ensuring information security of an industrial enterprise: products, solutions, advantages of use
Authors:   «Axoft» Russia, Moscow, Safonova D.A.
Published: February 2025

According to Axoft research, 27% of government and 36% of commercial customers have not yet switched to domestic information security solutions. If we talk about which information security solutions most often caused difficulties for software and hardware consumers in 2023, we can highlight network security (22% of respondents),
data protection (12.5%) and risk and incident management (10%). At the same time, a small number of technological alliances are concluded between developers of solutions specifically for the digitalization of production (3.4%) and the protection of end devices (4.5%).
Process mining — digital technology for increasing process efficiency and employee productivity
Authors:   RAMAX Group Russia, Moscow, Sitnikov N.M.
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this article is to show the basis of Process Mining, not just as a tool
for analyzing business processes, but as a really working technology for improving the quality
and effi ciency of process management for companies with a high level of automation. The
article tells about the history of the emergence of Process Mining, the main capabilities of this
technology, the formats of its use, and also pays attention to the diffi culties and prospects for
the development of Process Mining in Russia.
The leader is at feud with subordinates: what to do?
Authors:   «Komaro Group», Komarova Y.S.
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to the problem of deconstructive leadership, namely the
manifestation of hostile behavior of the leader. The author indicates how to recognize
such a leader, what threats to business such a boss can pose and how to prevent this.
Advice is given on how to level out manifestations of hostility of the leader, as well as
measures to prevent hiring such an employee.
Oral enzyme combination in the comprehensive treatment of periodontal disease: a systematic review
Authors: Dernovaya M. A. , Nemeryuk D. A. , Atrushkevich V. G.
Published: February 2025

Relevance. The rising prevalence of periodontal disease underscores the need for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Mechanical debridement of the biofilm remains the cornerstone of periodontal treatment. However, systemic antibiotics are recommended for patients experiencing rapidly progressing periodontal attachment loss who do not respond adequately to conservative therapy. Despite their widespread application, antibiotics do not always achieve the desired outcomes. In such scenarios, adjuvant therapies that enhance the efficacy of standard treatment against infectious agents become particularly important. Oral enzyme combination (OEC) has emerged as a valuable adjunct in this context.

Objective: to review the available data on oral enzyme combination (OEC) drugs and assess their potential application in clinical practice for managing periodontal disease.

Materials and methods. A total of 939 publications from 2010 to 2024 were identified through searches in PubMed and eLIBRARY. Following inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 publications, including randomized clinical trials, were selected for analysis. The search was conducted using the following keywords: bromelain, trypsin, rutin, periodontal disease, enzyme therapy in dentistry, and systemic antibiotics: bromelain, trypsin, rutin, periodontal disease, enzyme therapy in dentistry, and systemic antibiotics.

Results. Oral enzyme combination (OEC) drugs reduce inflammatory activity, limit pathological manifestations of autoimmune and immune complex processes, decrease vascular wall permeability, and enhance antibiotic concentration at the site of inflammation. The efficacy of oral combinations of proteases, such as bromelain (a proteolytic enzyme), and other components like rutin (a glycoside combining the flavonol quercetin and the disaccharide rutinose), has been demonstrated in dental practice. These combinations have shown benefits in relieving pain, reducing swelling and inflammation, enhancing the effectiveness of antibacterial therapy, and minimizing its side effects.

Conclusion. With their potent proteolytic activity and low cytotoxicity, systemic enzyme therapy drugs have become widely accepted as adjuvants to antibiotic therapy, enhancing its effectiveness. The combination of antibiotics and systemic enzyme therapy has shown superior outcomes compared to antibiotics alone, indicating its potential efficacy in the treatment of periodontal disease.
Chronic pain - prevalence, demographic inequalities and healthcare utilisation: a primary care database analysis
Authors: Shetty Siddesh , Scuffell James , Aitken Dianne , Ashworth Mark
Published: February 2025

Background

Chronic pain (CP) is an ill-defined condition, often under-recorded in primary care records.

Aim

To determine prevalence, evidence of health inequalities, primary care consultation rates and healthcare utilisation costs of CP.

Design & setting

Cross-sectional, retrospective study using anonymised primary care data from all GP practices in one inner-city London area.

Method

CP was defined on the basis of analgesic medication codes and novel inclusion of diagnostic codes for conditions known to be strongly associated with CP. CP prevalence and consultation rates were determined; comparisons were made with 31 other Long-Term Condition (LTCs). Consultation cost estimates were based on health care professional type and consultation mode.

Results

358 889 adult patients were registered in sample practices, with continuous (12-month) health care records available for 327 800 (91.3%). CP prevalence was 18.6%; the second most prevalent LTC after anxiety at 21.4%. CP mean annual consultation rates were 15.3/patient, the highest LTC consultation rate. CP incurred the highest primary care consultation costs of any of the included LTCs. Age was the strongest predictor of CP, particularly in those aged≥60 years (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 9.32; 95% Confidence Interval: 8.83 to 9.84; compared to 18–39-year-olds). Much smaller AORs were found for ethnicity, social deprivation, gender and non-UK country of birth.

Conclusion

CP represents the most demanding LTC, in terms of consultation rates and costs, managed in primary care. Yet there is considerable uncertainty about optimal management and alternatives to long term, high volume primary care consultation rates.
PERANCANGAN UIUIX APLIKASI TRAVEL WISATA ETNIS DALAM PENGGUNAAN METODE DESIGN THINKING
Authors: Yoanas Sahenda , Susanti Nanik
Published: February 2025

Ethnic traveling is a tour that aims to get to know the culture and diversity that exists in a region. Our society needs to know and recognize the ethnicity or culture that exists in the region, from children, adults and parents who want to travel culturally or ethnically, need knowledge about a region. Certified Independent Study, this provides a platform for UI/UX designers to create mobile-based travel application designs. The purpose of this design on ethnic or cultural travel I applied to enable a better understanding of diversity and culture. Traveling to ethnic trips that provide information about things ranging from local cultural potential, high-quality local products, safety, cleanliness, order, comfort, beauty, friendliness, and memory are seven magic words that can be used by tourism instructors. In today's digital development, it is undeniable that the use of various mobile and web applications is an essential part of daily life. Thus, UI/UX is very important for users to be interested in exploring the platform and in this research using the Design Thinking method, ensuring that users get a pleasant experience from a given product.Â Berwisata etnis merupakan wisata yang bertujuan untuk mengenal budaya dan keberagaman yang ada pada wisuatu wilayah. Masyarakat kita perlu tau dan mengenal etnis atau budaya yang ada di kedaerahan, dari anak-anak, dewasa dan orang tua yang ingin melakukan perjalanan budaya atau etnis, membutuhkan pengetahuan tentang suatu daerah. Studi Independen Bersertifikat, hal ini memberikan wadah bagi designer UI/UX untuk membuat desain aplikasi travel berbasis mobile. Tujuan perancangan ini tentang wisata etnis atau kebudayaan saya terapkan untuk memungkinkan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang keberagaman dan kebudayaan. Berwisata ke perjalanan etnis yang memberikan informasi tentang hal mulai dari potensi budaya local, produk lokal berkualitas tinggi, keamanan, kebersihan, ketertiban, kenyamanan, keindahan, keramahan, dan ingatan adalah tujuh kata sakti yang dapat digunakan oleh penyuluh pariwisata. Pada perkembangan digital saat ini, tidak bisa dipungkiri bahwa penggunaan berbagai aplikasi mobile dan web itu penting dari kehidupan sehari-hari. Dengan demikian, UI/UX sangat penting untuk pengguna agar tertarik untuk mengeksplorasi platform dan pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode Design Thinking, memastikan bahwa pengguna mendapatkan pengalaman yang menyenangkan dari produk yang diberikan.
ANALISIS KARAKTERISTIK PAPAN KOMPOSIT DARI SERAT PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT
Authors: Patitis Niken , Wahyuni Sri , Dhora Anna
Published: February 2025

Komposit adalah bahan yang dihasilkan dari gabungan dua atau lebih bahan dasar yang disusun sehingga mendapatkan bahan baku yang baru. Pelepah kelapa sawit memiliki potensi yang sangat baik untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai pengganti kayu dalam pembuatan papan komposit. Resin Polyester BQTN-157 merupakan jenis resin thermoset atau lebih sering disebut polyester. Resin Polyester BQTN-157 berupa resin cair dengan viskositas yang cukup rendah, mengeras pada suhu kamar dengan penggunaan katalis tanpa menghasilkan gas sewaktu pencetakan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui proses pembuatan papan komposit berbahan baku serat pelepah kelapa sawit, mengetahui komposisi dan bahan terbaik dalam pembuatan papan komposit berbahan baku serta pelepah kelapa sawit sesuai standar SNI 03-2105-2006 serta untuk mengetahui karakteristik pembuatan papan komposit berbahan baku serta pelepah kelapa sawit sesuai standar SNI 03-2105-2006. Metode penelitian terdiri dari tiga tahapan yaitu persiapan bahan baku, pembuatan papan komposit dan uji karakteristik papan komposit. Pelakuan pada penelitian ini yaitu pembuatan bahan baku dengan campuran serat pelepah dan resin dengan variasi 1:2 (P1), 1:2,5 (P2), 1:3 (P3), 1:3,5 (P4), 1:4 (P5). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa papan komposit kualitas terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan 1:3 (P3) dengan penilaian karakteristik kadar air sebesar 0,5 %, uji bending sebesar 112,16 kg/cm2, dan uji tarik sebesar 40,78 kg/cm2 sesuai dengan standar SNI 03-2105-2006.ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE BOARD CHARACTERISTICS FROMÂ PALM OIL FRONDSA composite is a material obtained from a combination of two or more basic materials that are assembled so as to obtain a new raw material. Palm oil fronds have excellent potential to be used as a replacement for wood in composite board manufacturing. The BQTN-157 polyester resin is a type of thermoset resin, or more commonly called a polyester. It is a liquid resin with a relatively low viscosity, hardening at room temperature with the use of catalysts without generating gasses during printing. The underlying issue of this research is to find out the composite board manufacturing and characteristics of composite boards made from palm oil fronds released according to SNI 03-2105-2006. The research methodology includes preparation of raw materials, manufacture of composite boards, and characteristic testing of composites. The method of this study consists in making raw materials with a mixture of fiber and resin with a variation of 1:2 (P1), 1:2,5 (P2), 1:3 (P3), 1:3,5 (P4), and 1:4 (P5). The results of the study show that the best quality composite board is found at treatment 1:3 (P3) with a water content characteristic assessment of 0.5%, a bending test of 112.16 kg/cm2, and a pull test of 40.78 kg/cm2 according to SNI standard 03-2105-2006.
SISTEM INFORMASI IDENTIFIKASI KAIN TENUN BERBASIS MOBILE PADA KAWASAN INDUSTRI TENUN IKAT JEPARA
Authors: Sarwido Sarwido , Widiastuti Nur Aeni , Reviyandi Riky
Published: February 2025

Tenun Ikat Troso atau Kain Ikat Troso adalah kriya tenun Jepara tepatnya dari Desa Troso. Tenun Ikat Troso berupa kain yang ditenun dari helaian benang pakan atau benang lungsin yang sebelumnya diikat dan dicelupkan ke dalam zat pewarna alami. Di Sentra Tenun Ikat ini pengunjung tidak hanya berwisata atau sekedar membeli sepotong kain saja, tetapi juga dapat mempelajari Kain-kain juga, sayangnya informasi yang ada hanya melalui deskripsi yang diberikan oleh penjaga toko yang sedang menjaga. Sayangnya kalau pengunjung toko tiba-tiba melonjak, penjaga kewalahan kalau dicecar pertanyaan oleh banyak pengunjung. Oleh sebab itu dengan dibuatkannya aplikasi ini diharapkan nantinya akan mempermudahkan tugas penjaga yang sedang dalam bertugas. Metode yang digunakan dalam perancangan ini menggunakan metodeÂ prototype, yang dapat digunakan untuk menghubungkan ketidakpahamanÂ client.Â Pengunjung bisa melakukan scan ke Qr code yang sudah disediakan dengan menggunakan smartphone masing-masing dan bisa mendapatkan informasi tentang deskripsi kain. Penelitian ini menghasilkan sebuah Sistem Informasi Identifikasi Kain Tenun Berbasis Mobile yang menyediakan layanan berupa informasi jenis dan motif kain yang jelas di Kawasan Industri Tenun Ikat Jepara.MOBILE-BASED WOVEN FABRIC IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION SYSTEM IN THE JEPARA IKATE WEANING INDUSTRIAL AREAIkat Weaving from Troso or Troso Ikat Fabric is a weaving craft from Jepara, precisely from Troso Village. Troso Ikat is a fabric woven from strands of weft yarn or lungsin yarn that have been tied and dipped into natural dyes. In this Ikat Weaving Center, visitors can not only enjoy tourism or simply buy a piece of fabric but also learn about the fabrics. Unfortunately, the available information is only provided through descriptions given by the shopkeepers on duty. Regrettably, when the number of shop visitors suddenly increases, the shopkeepers are overwhelmed with questions from many visitors. Therefore, with the creation of this application, it is hoped that it will facilitate the duties of the shopkeepers on duty. The method used in this design uses the prototype method, which can be used to bridge the gap of understanding with the clients. Visitors can scan the provided QR code using their smartphones and get information about the fabric's description. This research resulted in a Mobile-Based Woven Fabric Identification Information System that provides services in the form of clear information about the types and patterns of fabric in the Jepara Ikat Weaving Industrial Area.Â
Lichens alpins : restauration et étude de la collection de la Station Alpine Joseph Fourier
Authors: Asta Juliette , Perrier Christophe , Clairet Natacha
Published: February 2025

La collection de lichens de la station alpine du Lautaret établie par Georges Clauzade et Yves Rondon constitue un témoignage des premières recherches lichénologiques réalisées dans la région. Riche de 450 échantillons de plus de 300 espèces, elle inclut la présence de près de 60 espèces d’assez rares à extrêmement rares dont certaines ont été trouvées pour la première fois en France dans la région du Lautaret.
Observation de deux campagnols des champs Microtus arvalis (Pallas, 1778) (Rodentia, Arvicolinae) caractérisés par une troisième molaire supérieure atypique
Authors: Brunet-Lecomte Patrick
Published: February 2025

Cette note décrit le cas de deux campagnols des champs Microtus arvalis (Pallas, 1778) (Rodentia, Arvicolinae) caractérisés par une troisième molaire supérieure atypique.