bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
¿Por qué externalizar las tareas domésticas? Análisis de las lógicas desigualitarias que estructuran la demanda en Francia
Authors: Devetter François-Xavier
Published: March 2013

For twenty years, the number of domestic jobs has been considered to be increasing in many countries. Several studies have highlighted the bad quality of these jobs, characterised by a high level of inequality between employers and employees. Other studies have looked at the other side of the market, focusing on the demand factors supporting the choice of outsourcing domestic tasks. These documents have made evident the importance of gender, race and class inequalities. Through the study of French data, this article aims to present three different ways to understand these inequalities: the first is based on a principle of specialization, while the second gives the spotlight to negotiation within the household. The third approach is based on the willingness to delegate menial tasks. Each of these motivations involves specific inequalities which are obstacles to the improvement of domestic job quality.
Infraestructura ferroviaria y ciudad: su cambiante correspondencia espacial desde los paradigmas de la ciencia, la historiografía urbana y el urbanismo
Authors: Saus María Alejandra
Published: March 2013

Spatial environments composed of railroad and city have experienced a relationship which has varied in time. There has been a series of historical cycles that have witnessed a fluctuating interrelation: from pleasant articulation between nineteenth-century public spaces and railroad infrastructures, going through the controversial coexistence noticed by functionalist urban planning between the two fields, and up to the recent urban integration of obsolete infrastructures. With a culturalist approach, contemporary urban historiography reinterprets these episodes in light of the geomorphologic persistence of infrastructures, despite the variations in their usage cycles. The objective of this article is to tackle those historic units in synchrony, in order to make them interact with the historical context that has allowed a homogeneous cut. Our interpretation is that the determination of those historical units has been impacted by social science paradigms, predominant historiographic patterns and dominant urban principles. They have brought about breaks in the way of approaching spatial relationships between infrastructure and city when creating discontinuities in the production of disciplinary knowledge and in the ways of conceiving the urban. We will attempt to reflect upon those paradigmatic changes and their segmental role in urban historiography.
Prior Fighting Experience Increases Aggression in Syrian Hamsters: Implications for a Role of Dopamine in the Winner Effect
Authors: Schwartzer Jared J. , Ricci Lesley A. , Melloni Richard H.
Published: March 2013

Winning an aggressive encounter enhances the probability of winning future contests. This phenomenon, known as the winner effect, has been well studied across vertebrate species. While numerous animal models have been developed to study the winner effect in the laboratory setting, large variation in experimental design, choice of species, and housing conditions have resulted in conflicting reports on the behavioral outcomes. The Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) presents as a novel species with face validity to study the effects of repeated fighting on subsequent agonistic encounters. After a 14‐day training period, “trained fighter” hamsters displayed elevated fighting behaviors characterized by more intense and severe displays of aggression along with increased displays of dominant postures compared to naïve residents with no prior social experience. To determine whether these phenotypic changes in fighting behavior reflect alterations in neurochemistry, brains of aggressive and naïve hamsters were examined for changes in dopaminergic innervation in key regions known to control social and motivational behavior. Interestingly, changes in tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate limiting enzyme for dopamine production, were observed in brain regions within the social decision‐making network. These increases in aggression observed after repeated winning may reflect a learned behavior resulting from increases in neurotransmitter activity which serve to reinforce the behavior. The data implicate the presence of a winner effect in hamsters and provide evidence for a neural mechanism underlying the changes in aggressive behavior after repeated agonistic encounters. Aggr. Behav. 39:290–300, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Study of Reinforcing Mechanisms in TRIP‐Matrix Composites under Compressive Loading by Means of Micromechanical Simulations
Authors: Prüger Stefan , Mehlhorn Lars , Mühlich Uwe , Kuna Meinhard
Published: March 2013

TRIP‐matrix composites consist of austenitic steel and a partially stabilized zirconia, which yields a composite that can undergo a martensitic phase transformation in both components. Numerical analysis of the deformation and transformation behavior of such a composite is carried out by means of unit cell studies. The micromechanical simulations are conducted to separate and evaluate the two reinforcing mechanisms, namely the particle strengthening effect and the transformation effect in the partially stabilized zirconia. It is found that the phase transformation proceeds in a heterogeneous manner both in the matrix and the inclusion. The degree of inhomogeneity of transformation inside the inclusion is controlled by the interface strength.
Electrically Switchable Diffraction Grating Using a Hybrid Liquid Crystal and Carbon Nanotube‐Based Nanophotonic Device
Authors: Won Kanghee , Palani Ananta , Butt Haider , Hands Philip J. W. , Rajeskharan Ranjith , Dai Qing , Khan Ammar Ahmed , Amaratunga Gehan A. J. , Coles Harry J. , Wilkinson Timothy D.
Published: March 2013

A hybrid liquid crystal and carbon nanotube‐based device which shows the capacity to perform as a switchable diffraction grating is demonstrated. A liquid crystal layer was sandwiched between two electrodes (patterned into gratings). The bottom electrode consists of a two dimensional square array of carbon nanotubes, while the top electrode comprises an ITO‐based in‐plane switching electrode on glass. The carbon nanotubes, due to their high aspect ratios, produce defects within the liquid crystal layer, producing a two dimensional grating. The device displays distinct voltage‐dependent diffraction patterns due to the two different electrodes. The diffraction patterns are studied both computationally and experimentally, with good agreement between the results obtained. Both the diffraction pattern and efficiency from the device could be switched by varying the applied voltage across the liquid crystal layer.
Telomere length and elevated iron: The influence of phenotype and HFE genotype
Authors: Mainous Arch G. , Wright Robert U. , Hulihan Mary M. , Twal Waleed O. , McLaren Christine E. , Diaz Vanessa A. , McLaren Gordon D. , Argraves W. Scott , Grant Althea M.
Published: March 2013

Elevated body iron stores are associated with morbidity and mortality due to oxidative stress. Hereditary hemochromatosis, a common condition caused by HFE gene mutations, can lead to excess iron storage and disease but clinical penetrance of HFE gene mutations is low and many people with elevated iron stores lack HFE mutations. We analyzed data from the Hemochromatosis and Iron Overload Screening Study to assess the relationship among HFE genotype (individuals with either homozygous or compound heterozygous status for C282Y and/or H63D HFE mutations were defined as genotype positive, or G+), elevated iron phenotype (individuals exceeding gender‐specific transferrin saturation and serum ferritin threshold levels were considered phenotype positive, or P+), and leukocyte telomere length, a marker of biological aging and cumulative oxidative stress. In unadjusted analyses in comparison to individuals who were G−P−, G+P− were not significantly different (OR 0.74; 95% CI 0.26–2.04), while the G+P+ (OR 2.03; 95% CI 1.15–3.56), and G−P+ (OR 2.24; 95% CI 1.5–3.29) had increased risk of short telomeres (<=25th percentile) rather than long telomeres (>=75th percentile). In analyses adjusting for age, gender, and race/ethnicity, the effect of individuals with elevated iron phenotypes having short telomeres persisted with G+P+ individuals (OR 1.94; 95% CI 1.02–3.72), and G−P+ individuals (OR 2.17; 95% CI 1.39–3.39) being significantly different from the G−P− group. In conclusion, elevated iron phenotype, but not HFE genotype, was associated with shortened telomeres. Further studies will be needed to determine whether telomere length provides a marker for morbidities specifically associated with iron overload. Am. J. Hematol. 88:492–496, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Primary treatment of leukemia relapses after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with reduced‐intensity conditioning second transplantation from the original donor
Authors: Leung Anskar Y.H. , Tse Eric , Hwang Yu‐Yan , Chan Thomas S.Y. , Gill Harinder , Chim Chor‐Sang , Lie Albert K.W. , Kwong Yok‐Lam
Published: March 2013

Acute leukemia relapsing after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has dismal outcome. Consecutive consenting patients (acute myeloid leukemia: N = 71; acute lymphoblastic leukemia: N = 37), at a median age of 37 (16–57) years, who had relapsed 7.9 (1.3–132) months post‐HSCT, were treated with three cytarabine‐based intensive regimens as reduced‐intensity conditioning (RIC), followed by infusion of mobilized HSC from the original donors. There were four treatment‐related mortalities (TRMs). Of 104 evaluable cases, 72 patients (67%) achieved complete remission (CR)/CR with incomplete hematologic recovery (CRi). The median overall survival (OS) of the entire cohort was 11.6 months. The OS of patients achieving CR/CRi after the first RIC/HSCT was 18.8 months, as compared with 3.9 months for those not (P < 0.01). For 32 patients with nonremission, 11 received a repeat RIC‐HSCT, leading to CR/CRi in three cases. Therefore, 75/108 (69%) of patients achieved CR/CRi after one or two courses of RIC‐HSCT. Among CR/CRi patients, 48 cases relapsed again after 6.1 (1.0–64.4) months. Thirty cases received a repeat RIC‐HSCT, leading to CR/CRi in 22 patients. Multivariate analyses showed a significant impact of remission duration after initial HSCT (P = 0.026) and the presence of acute graft‐versus‐host disease after RIC‐HSCT (P = 0.011) on CR/CRi. RIC‐HSCT as primary treatment for acute leukemic relapses post‐HSCT induced a high CR rate with low TRM. Optimal postremission treatment remains to be defined. Am. J. Hematol. 88:485–491, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A prospective study of postoperative symptoms in sinonasal quality‐of‐life following endoscopic skull‐base surgery: dissociations based on specific symptoms
Authors: Bedrosian Jeffrey C. , McCoul Edward D. , Raithatha Roheen , Akselrod Olga A. , Anand Vijay K. , Schwartz Theodore H.
Published: March 2013

Background

Endoscopic skull‐base surgery (ESBS) is a minimal access approach to cranial base pathology; however, it significantly disrupts the intranasal mucosa and intranasal structures, the long‐term effects of which are still being studied. We prospectively assessed postoperative changes in sinonasal QOL symptoms following ESBS.

Methods

Eighty‐five patients were prospectively assessed with the Anterior Skull Base Questionnaire (ASBQ), a validated QOL instrument, preoperatively and up to 1 year postoperatively at each subsequent office visit. A subset of these data was analyzed to assess the effect of endoscopic pituitary surgery on postoperative taste, smell, appetite, nasal secretions, and vision.

Results

ESBS patients were divided into 2 cohorts: those undergoing pituitary adenoma surgery and those undergoing ESBS for all other pathologies. Preoperative smell (3.11 vs 3.76, p = 0.03) and taste (3.04 vs 3.69, p = 0.03) were significantly lower in the nonpituitary group. Within the pituitary group both taste (3.69 vs 2.95, p = 0.03) and smell (3.76 vs 2.61, p ≤ 0.001) were significantly decreased by 6 weeks postoperatively. However, by 12 months both taste and smell scores returned to baseline. Vision scores improved by 3 weeks postoperatively with durable results at 1 year (2.80 vs 3.33, p = 0.04 vs 3.59, p = 0.03, respectively). Within the nonpituitary group, smell was decreased at 3 weeks, but was not significantly changed at any other time points.

Conclusion

Our study indicates a dissociation between the nasal and visual QOL after ESBS. While nasal QOL transiently decreases, visual QOL progressively improves. These data should not be lumped together for the purposes of statistical analysis.
P‐glycoprotein functions as an immunomodulator in healthy human primary nasal epithelial cells
Authors: Bleier Benjamin S. , Nocera Angela L. , Iqbal Hufsa , Hoang John D. , Feldman Rachel E. , Han Xue
Published: March 2013

Background

P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) is an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐dependent efflux pump that confers chemotherapeutic resistance in cancer cells. Recent studies suggest that P‐gp may also function as an immunomodulator through regulation of cytokine transport. Sinonasal epithelial cells have been recognized as drivers of local innate and adaptive immunity and are known to overexpress P‐gp in the setting of inflammation. The objective of this study is to therefore determine whether P‐gp participates in the regulation of cytokine secretion in sinonasal epithelial cells.

Methods

Primary nasal epithelial cell cultures (PNECCs) were cultivated from 5 healthy patients. Membranous P‐gp was quantified through quantitative fluorescent immunohistochemistry (Q‐FIHC) and confirmed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sensitivity to inhibition was determined using a rhodamine 123 accumulation assay. Baseline and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated cytokine secretion of interleukin 6 (IL‐6), IL‐8, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) were quantified by ELISA and compared to LPS stimulated secretion in the setting of P‐gp–specific inhibition. Differences in P‐gp expression and cytokine secretion were compared using 2‐tailed Student t tests with post hoc testing using the Bonferroni procedure.

Results

Membranous P‐gp is detectable in PNECCs and upregulated following LPS exposure. P‐gp is sensitive to inhibition by both PSC 833 and verapamil in a dose‐dependent fashion. LPS stimulated secretion of normalized IL‐6 (mean, 95% confidence interval [CI]) (79.67, 42.26–117.07), GM‐CSF (39.92, 7.90–71.94), and TSLP (6.65, 5.35–7.96) was significantly reduced following P‐gp inhibition (37.60, 11.54–63.65, p = 0.023; 7.64, 2.25–13.03, p = 0.044; and 5.13, 4.44–5.82, p = 0.038; respectively).

Conclusion

P‐gp is functionally active in PNECCs. P‐gp participates in modulation of epithelial secretion of LPS stimulated IL‐6, GM‐CSF, and TSLP.
The utility of a combined endoscopic and transoral resection of maxillary ameloblastoma
Authors: Jain Kunal , Hsu Jack , Goyal Parul
Published: March 2013

Background

This report describes the role of endoscopic resection of maxillary ameloblastoma.

Case Report

A 43‐year‐old female presented with a maxillary ameloblastoma filling the left maxillary sinus and extending into the left nasal cavity and nasopharynx. The sinonasal portion of the tumor was resected endoscopically. A limited transoral resection was then performed to resect the involved teeth and surrounding margin allowing for primary closure without any tumor recurrence or oronasal fistulas on follow‐up.

Conclusion

Transnasal endoscopic surgery for odontogenic maxillary tumors is less invasive and can reduce the morbidity associated with traditional maxillectomy.
Effect of PEGDE addition on rheological and mechanical properties of bisphenol E cyanate ester
Authors: Sheng Xia , Hanus Riley , Bauer Amy , Kessler Michael R.
Published: March 2013

Cyanate esters are a group of resins with exceptional thermal and mechanical properties and are often blended with lower cost epoxy resins. These blends are often brittle, and a toughening method, such as the addition of soft segments, is necessary. Poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether, or PEGDE, was added to bisphenol E cyanate ester as a toughening agent. PEGDE was added at loadings of 0–30 wt %, and rheological and mechanical properties were analyzed after curing. As PEGDE loading was increased, the gel point increased accordingly while the activation energy of gelation decreased, indicating PEGDE accelerated the gelation process. Dynamic mechanical analysis results indicated a decrease in glass transition temperature as the PEGDE loading increased. Three‐point bending tests yielded similar toughness to the neat BECy at low PEGDE loadings, with a dramatic increase at loadings of 25 and 30 wt % PEGDE. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Bioplastics from waste glycerol derived from biodiesel industry
Authors: Zhu Chengjun , Chiu Steven , Nakas James P. , Nomura Christopher T.
Published: March 2013

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are polyesters that can be biologically synthesized by many microorganisms and engineered plants that have been investigated by microbiologists, biochemists, polymer scientists, material engineers, and medical researchers for several decades. Research on microbial production of PHAs has been extensively focused on using pure carbon sources, such as sugars and fatty acids. Practical considerations of production costs of PHAs have resulted in research efforts to use alternative renewable and inexpensive feedstocks. One potential feedstock for the production of PHA polymers is the glycerol waste byproduct of biodiesel production. The major focus of this review is the production of PHA polymers from glycerol. A review of biosynthetic pathways for PHAs production from glycerol, current production of waste glycerol in biodiesel industry, physical and mechanical properties of PHAs, and applications of PHAs in the areas of packaging industry, implant materials, drug carrier, biofuels, are covered. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Effect of the diisocyanate structure and the molecular weight of diols on bio‐based polyurethanes
Authors: Panwiriyarat Wannarat , Tanrattanakul Varaporn , Pilard Jean‐François , Pasetto Pamela , Khaokong Chuanpit
Published: March 2013

Bio‐based polyurethanes (PU) containing poly(ε‐caprolactone) diol (PCL) and hydroxyl telechelic natural rubber (HTNR) were synthesized. The effect of the diisocyanate structure and the molecular weights of diols on the mechanical properties of PU were investigated. Three different molecular structures of diisocyanate were employed: an aliphatic diisocyanate (hexamethylene diisocyanate, HDI), an aromatic diisocyanate (toluene‐2,4‐diisocyanate, TDI) and a cycloalkane diisocyanate (isophorone diisocyanate, IPDI). Two molecular weights of each diol were selected. When HDI was employed, a crystalline PU was generated while asymmetrical structures of TDI and IPDI provided an amorphous PU. The presence of crystalline domains was responsible of a change in tensile behavior and physical properties. PU containing TDI and IPDI showed a rubber‐like behavior: low Young's modulus and high elongation at break. The crystalline domains in PU containing HDI acted as physical crosslinks, enhancing the Young's modulus and reducing the elongation at break, and they are responsible of the plastic yielding. The crystallinity increased the tear strength, the hardness and the thermal stability of PU. There was no significant difference between the TDI and IPDI on the mechanical properties and the physical characteristics. Higher molecular weight of PCL diol changed tensile behavior from the rubber‐like materials to the plastic yielding. Thermal and dynamic mechanical properties were determined by using DSC, TGA and DMTA. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Preparation of polyamidoamine dendrons supported on chitosan microspheres and the adsorption of bilirubin
Authors: Wu Liping , Zhang Zhengpu
Published: March 2013

The aim of this study was to prepare a new adsorbent for bilirubin (BR); low generation (G, G ≤4) hexanediamine‐containing polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrons were supported on chitosan (CS) microspheres (CS‐Gn, n = 0,1,2,3,4). The adsorption properties of this novel adsorbent for BR in aqueous solution were examined. The adsorption percentages were over 70% at 0.5 h and over 90% at 1 h. The adsorption capacity was up to 43 mg/g and was not yet saturated. The BR adsorption increased with increasing temperature and increasing BR initial concentration and was the highest at pH 7.4; it decreased slightly with increasing ionic strength and occurred even in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA). We observed that the CS–Gn microspheres had satisfactory competitive abilities with BSA, although the adsorption percentage decreased a certain extent in the presence of BSA. In addition, the CS–Gn microspheres were easier to prepare than the usual PAMAM dendrimers. In summary, this adsorbent is a promising biomedical material for BR removal for artificial liver supported systems. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
multifraction separation in countercurrent chromatography (MCSGP)
Authors: Krättli Martin , Müller‐Späth Thomas , Morbidelli Massimo
Published: March 2013

The multicolumn countercurrent solvent gradient purification (MCSGP) process is a continuous countercurrent multicolumn chromatography process capable of performing three fraction separations while applying a linear gradient of some modifier. This process can then be used either for the purification of a single species from a multicomponent mixture or to separate a three component mixture in one single operation. In this work, this process is extended to the separation of multifractions, in principle with no limitation. To achieve this goal the MCSGP standard process is extended by introducing one extra separation section per extra fraction to be isolated. Such an extra separation section is realized in this work through a single additional column, so that a n fraction MCSGP process can be realized using a minimum of n columns. Two separation processes were considered to experimentally demonstrate the possibility of realizing a four‐fraction MCSGP unit able to purify two intermediate products in a given multicomponent mixture. The first one was a model mixture containing four different proteins. The two proteins eluting in the center of the chromatogram were purified with yields equal to 95% for the early eluting and 92% for the later eluting one. The corresponding purities were 94% and 97%, respectively. Such performance was well superior to that of the batch operation with the same modifier gradient which for the same purity values could not achieve yields larger than 67% and 81%, respectively. Similar performance improvements were found for the second separation where two out of seven charge variants which constitute the mAb Cetuximab currently available on the market have been purified in one single operation using a four‐fraction MCSGP unit. In this case, yields of 81% and 65% were obtained with purities of 90% and 89%, respectively. These data compare well with the corresponding data from batch chromatography where with the same gradient and for the same purities, yield values not larger than 49% and 34%, respectively, could be achieved. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110:2436–2444. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Protein a chromatography at high titers
Authors: Natarajan Venkatesh , Zydney Andrew L.
Published: March 2013

The large increase in antibody titers over the past two decades has created significant challenges for downstream processes; however, there have been no quantitative studies of the effect of feed concentration on the dynamic binding capacity in Protein A chromatography. Small scale experiments were performed using pre‐packed ProSep® Ultra Plus columns over a range of feed flow rates and antibody concentrations. The data clearly demonstrate that the dynamic binding capacity decreases with increasing concentration of the monoclonal antibody at short residence times. This reduction in DBC is due to non‐equilibrium mass transfer effects in the porous resin, with the experimental results consistent with predictions of a simple mathematical model based on a linear driving force with solid phase diffusion. These results provide important insights into the behavior of Protein A chromatography and provide a framework for the proper design of Protein A capture steps for high titer products. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110:2445–2451. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Escherichia coli‐based cell free production of flagellin and ordered flagellin display on virus‐like particles
Authors: Lu Yuan , Welsh John P. , Chan Wei , Swartz James R.
Published: March 2013

Bacterial flagellin has been explored as a potential vaccine adjuvant for enhancing immune responses. In this article, we describe Escherichia coli‐based cell‐free protein synthesis (CFPS) as a method to rapidly produce soluble phase 1 flagellin (FliC) protein from Salmonella typhimurium. The yield was about 300 µg/mL and the product had much higher affinity for the TLR5 receptor (EC50 = 2.4 ± 1.4 pM) than previously reported. The flagellin coding sequence was first optimized for cell‐free expression. We then found that the D0 domain at the C‐terminus of flagellin was susceptible to proteolytic degradation in the CFPS system. Proteolysis was reduced by protease inhibitors, the use of protease‐deficient cell extracts or deletion of the flagellin D0 domain. A human Toll‐Like Receptor 5 (hTLR5)‐specific bioactivity analysis of purified flagellin demonstrated that, although the D0 domain is far from the TLR5 recognition region, it is important for flagellin bioactivity. We next incorporated a non‐natural amino acid displaying an alkyne moiety into flagellin using the CFPS system and attached flagellin to hepatitis B core virus‐like particles (VLPs) using bioorthogonal azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reactions. The ordered and oriented VLP display of flagellin increased its specific TLR5 stimulation activity by approximately 10‐fold. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 2073–2085. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nerves in the intersphincteric space of the human anal canal with special reference to their continuation to the enteric nerve plexus of the rectum
Authors: Hieda Keisuke , Cho Kwang Ho , Arakawa Takashi , Fujimiya Mineko , Murakami Gen , Matsubara Akio
Published: March 2013

In the intersphincteric space of the anal canal, nerves are thought to “change” from autonomic to somatic at the level of the squamous‐columnar epithelial junction of the anal canal. To compare the nerve configuration in the intersphincteric space with the configuration in adjacent areas of the human rectum, we immunohistochemically assessed tissue samples from 12 donated cadavers, using antibodies to S100, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Antibody to S100 revealed a clear difference in intramuscular nerve distribution patterns between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers of the most inferior part of the rectum, with the former having a plexus‐like configuration, while the latter contained short, longitudinally running nerves. Most of the intramural ganglion cells in the anal canal were restricted to above the epithelial junction, but some were located just below that level. Near or at the level of the epithelial junction, the nerves along the rectal adventitia and Auerbach's nerve plexus joined to form intersphincteric nerves, with all these nerves containing both nNOS‐positive parasympathetic and TH‐positive sympathetic nerve fibers. Thus, it was histologically difficult to distinguish somatic intersphincteric nerves from the autonomic Auerbach's plexus. In the intersphincteric space, the autonomic nerve elements with intrapelvic courses seemed to “borrow” a nerve pathway in the peripheral branches of the pudendal nerve. Injury to the intersphincteric nerve during surgery may result in loss of innervation in the major part of the internal anal sphincter. Clin. Anat. 26:843–854, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intraoperative small bowel length measurements and analysis of demographic predictors of increased length
Authors: Teitelbaum Ezra N. , Vaziri Khashayar , Zettervall Sara , Amdur Richard L. , Orkin Bruce A.
Published: March 2013

Few studies have measured small bowel length (SBL) in live humans and many textbooks base their “normal” SBL values on cadaver data. Here, we present a series of intraoperative SBL measurements and analyze predictors of increased length. SBL from ligament of Treitz to ileocecal valve was measured in patients undergoing laparotomy for colorectal resection. Patients with Crohn's disease and those who had undergone prior bowel resections were excluded. In the 240 patients studied, mean SBL was 506 ± 105 (285–845) cm. Height was positively associated with increased SBL (P < 0.001) and men had longer SBL than women (533 vs. 482 cm, P < 0.001). A multivariate linear regression model using patient sex, age, height and weight was significant (P = 0.001) and the predictors explained 8% of the variance in SBL. In this model, only height was independently predictive of increased SBL (P = 0.03). Correlation results differed between sexes. In men, height correlated with increased SBL (r = 0.20; P = 0.03), whereas in women it did not. In men, age had a positive correlation with SBL at a trend level (r = 0.17; P = 0.08), whereas in women age had a negative correlation with SBL (r = −0.18; P = 0.04). The mean SBL was 506 cm in live patients, as compared with the 600–700 cm range derived from prior cadaver studies. Male sex and height had positive correlations with SBL. SBL may decrease with age in women but not in men. Clin. Anat. 26:827–832, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Process Variables of the Esterification Reaction of 3‐Pentadecylphenol and Acryloyl Chloride Catalyzed by an Ionic Liquid
Authors: Wie L. , Li X. , Yanxun L. , Tingliang L. , Guoji L.
Published: March 2013

An efficient method was investigated for the synthesis of 3‐pentadecylphenyl acrylate (PDPA) via one‐pot reaction of esterification in the presence of an ionic liquid as catalyst. In order to understand the esterification reaction process, a mathematical relationship between the yield of esterification and the process variables was established by employing central composite design. The maximum yield of esterification of 3‐pentadecylphenol (PDP) and acryloyl chloride (AC) catalyzed by imidazole ionic liquid was found to be 85 %. A statistical model predicted that the highest esterification reaction yield would be > 88 % under optimized reaction conditions. The predicted values for optimum process conditions thus obtained were in agreement with the experimental values, thereby indicating the suitability of the model.
Hierarchical Fe3O4@TiO2 Yolk–Shell Microspheres with Enhanced Microwave‐Absorption Properties
Authors: Liu Jiwei , Xu Junjie , Che Renchao , Chen Huajun , Liu Mengmei , Liu Zhengwang
Published: March 2013

A facile and efficient strategy for the synthesis of hierarchical yolk–shell microspheres with magnetic Fe3O4 cores and dielectric TiO2 shells has been developed. Various Fe3O4@TiO2 yolk–shell microspheres with different core sizes, interstitial void volumes, and shell thicknesses have been successfully synthesized by controlling the synthetic parameters. Moreover, the microwave absorption properties of these yolk–shell microspheres, such as the complex permittivity and permeability, were investigated. The electromagnetic data demonstrate that the as‐synthesized Fe3O4@TiO2 yolk–shell microspheres exhibit significantly enhanced microwave absorption properties compared with pure Fe3O4 and our previously reported Fe3O4@TiO2 core–shell microspheres, which may result from the unique yolk–shell structure with a large surface area and high porosity, as well as synergistic effects between the functional Fe3O4 cores and TiO2 shells.
Structural Engineering for High Energy and Voltage Output Supercapacitors
Authors: Xu Jing , Wu Hui , Xu Chen , Huang Hongtao , Lu Linfeng , Ding Guqiao , Wang Huili , Liu Dongfang , Shen Guozhen , Li Dongdong , Chen Xiaoyuan
Published: March 2013

High capacitance and high output voltage are two important research focuses of electrochemical supercapacitors. Herein we present two novel designs (laminated and tandem) of coin‐cell supercapacitors based on a textile coated with active material. The fabric electrodes were prepared by dipping the non‐woven cloth into a dispersion of carbon nanotubes and subsequent MnO2 electrodeposition. In the lamination configuration, several pieces of active‐material‐coated cloth were laminated to construct individual electrodes that enable fold‐increased areal capacitances and excellent cycling stability. In the tandem structure, individual cells with solid‐state electrolyte (polyvinyl alcohol/H3PO4) sandwiched between the fabric electrodes were stacked together to form a single device. The assembled device composed by ten unit cells was demonstrated to drive four LED digital screens in series with 10 V output.
ChemInform Abstract: Nearly‐Zero Thermal Expansion Along the Layer‐Stacking Axis of ZnSe‐Based Inorganic—Organic Hybrid Semiconductor Materials.
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Ren Yang , Roushan Mojgan , Li Jing
Published: March 2013

The thermal expansion behavior of compounds (III) and (V) is determined by powder XRD between 5 and 300 K.
ChemInform Abstract: Possible Superhardness of CrB4.
Authors: Knappschneider Arno , Litterscheid Christian , Dzivenko Dmytro , Kurzman Joshua A. , Seshadri Ram , Wagner Norbert , Beck Johannes , Riedel Ralf , Albert Barbara
Published: March 2013

The single crystal structure refinement of CrB4 is repeated and it is confirmed that the compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnnm with Z = 2.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanochemical Synthesis of Yttrium Manganite.
Authors: Pocuca‐Nesic M. , Marinkovic Stanojevic Z. , Brankovic Z. , Cotic P. , Bernik S. , Sousa Goes M. , Marinkovic B. A. , Varela J. A. , Brankovic G.
Published: March 2013

Single‐phase YMnO3, a multiferroic material, is synthesized for the first time by milling a mixture of Y2O3 and Mn2O3 in a planetary ball mill for 60—720 min.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Properties, and Complex Crystal Structure of Th2Se5.
Authors: Bellott Brian J. , Malliakas Christos D. , Koscielski Lukasz A. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , Ibers James A.
Published: March 2013

The title compound is synthesized from Th and Se in a Sb2Se3 flux (1223 K, 48 h, 100% yield) and characterized by single crystal XRD, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and electrical resistivity measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Enantioselective Amination of Racemic Secondary Allylic Trichloroacetimidates with N‐Methyl Anilines
Authors: Arnold Jeffrey S. , Cizio Gregory T. , Heitz Drew R. , Nguyen Hien M.
Published: March 2013

leading to allylic N‐methyl arylamines (III) as major products
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohols, Benzyl Halides, and Alkylbenzenes with Oxone.
Authors: Parida Keshaba Nanda , Jhulki Samik , Mandal Susovan , Moorthy Jarugu Narasimha
Published: March 2013

Beside strong advantages like low cost and environmentally benign attributes, some drawbacks are noted for Oxone as an oxidation reagent: sluggish reactions at longer reaction times due to decomposition of the reagent and side chain reactions as well as radical reactions for special substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Azobisisobutyronitrile Initiated Aerobic Oxidative Transformation of Amines: Coupling of Primary Amines and Cyanation of Tertiary Amines.
Authors: Liu Lianghui , Wang Zikuan , Fu Xuefeng , Yan Chun‐Hua
Published: March 2013

Oxygen is the sole oxidant, air or peroxide are not feasible.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketone Catalyzed by Artificial Metalloenzymes Derived from Bovine β‐Lactoglobulin.
Authors: Chevalley Alice , Salmain Michele
Published: March 2013

The applied Rh‐complex is obtained from Lauric acid in four steps.
ChemInform Abstract: L‐Proline‐Catalyzed Activation of Methyl Ketones or Active Methylene Compounds and DMF‐DMA for Syntheses of (2E)‐3‐Dimethylamino‐2‐propen‐1‐ones.
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Kommi Damodara N. , Chopra Pradeep , Ansari Md. Imam , Chakraborti Asit K.
Published: March 2013

This method is suitable for a variety of ketone substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of 4H‐Chromene, 4H‐Pyran, and Oxepine Derivatives via One‐Pot Three‐Component Tandem Reactions.
Authors: Kazemi Bagher , Javanshir Shahrzad , Maleki Ali , Safari Mostafa , Khavasi Hamid Reza
Published: March 2013

A tandem Michael addition — cyclization process of cyclic 1,3‐diones with diesters such as (II) and malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate is developed to yield six‐ and seven‐membered O‐heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Entry to the Construction of a Quaternary Carbon Center Having a Fluorine Atom —SN2′ Reaction of γ‐Fluoroallylic Alcohol Derivatives with Various Cyanocuprates.
Authors: Konno Tsutomu , Ikemoto Atsushi , Ishihara Takashi
Published: March 2013

Treatment of γ‐fluoroallylic phosphates with lower‐ordered cyanocuprates affords the corresponding γ‐adducts in a highly regioselective manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Substituted Cyclopropanes by Using α‐Iodo‐ and α‐Chloromethylzinc Carbenoids.
Authors: Beaulieu Louis‐Philippe B. , Zimmer Lucie E. , Gagnon Alexandre , Charette Andre B.
Published: March 2013

Trans‐iodocyclopropylmethanols obtained with excellent enantioselectivities by the presented new asymmetric iodocyclopropanation are further converted into 1,2,3‐substituted cyclopropanes either by reaction with electrophiles (X) or Negishi coupling with aryl iodides (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Triflates to the Benzylic Position of Benzylamines.
Authors: McGrew Genette I. , Stanciu Corneliu , Zhang Jiadi , Carroll Patrick J. , Dreher Spencer D. , Walsh Patrick J.
Published: March 2013

Detailed conditions A) and B) are developed for the title process.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Arylation of Oxygen Nucleophiles with Diaryliodonium Salts.
Authors: Jalalian Nazli , Petersen Tue B. , Olofsson Berit
Published: March 2013

This arylation method is used to synthesize diaryl ethers from phenol derivatives and aryl esters from carboxylic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: General and Efficient Protocol for the Formylation of Aromatic and Heterocyclic Phenols.
Authors: Skonieczny Kamil , Charalambidis Georgios , Tasior Mariusz , Krzeszewski Maciej , Kalkan‐Burat Ayfer , Coutsolelos Athanassios G. , Gryko Daniel T.
Published: March 2013

The formylation process is carried out by condensation with hexamethylene tetramine (I) followed by acidic hydrolysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Carboxylic Acids and Isonitriles with Conventional Heating.
Authors: Polisar Jason G. , Norton Jack R.
Published: March 2013

The reaction of isonitriles with carboxylic acids is investigated in detail providing conditions for the formation of N‐formylamides (III), (VI), and (XIII) and/or α‐oxy acrylic amides of type (VII) and (X).
ChemInform Abstract: A Sequential Pd/Norbornene‐Catalyzed Process Generates o‐Biaryl Carbaldehydes or Ketones via a Redox Reaction or 6H‐Dibenzopyrans by C—O Ring Closure.
Authors: Motti Elena , Della Ca Nicola , Xu Di , Piersimoni Anna , Bedogni Elena , Zhou Zhi‐Ming , Catellani Marta
Published: March 2013

An excess of norbornene has to be used, the molar ratio of norbornene to Pd varies between 5:1 to 20:1.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Alkyloxy Stilbenes by One‐Pot O‐Alkylation‐Wittig and O‐Alkylation‐Wittig—Heck Reaction Sequence.
Authors: Patel Krupa N. , Kamath Bola V. , Bedekar Ashutosh V.
Published: March 2013

Two one‐pot methods are presented for the synthesis of alkoxy stilbenes from hydroxybenzaldehydes such as (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Cross‐Couplings of Secondary Alkyl Electrophiles with Secondary Alkylmetal Nucleophiles: Negishi Reactions of Racemic Benzylic Bromides with Achiral Alkylzinc Reagents.
Authors: Binder Joerg T. , Cordier Christopher J. , Fu Gregory C.
Published: March 2013

A new, readily available ligand is successfully applied to the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Acid‐Mediated Coupling of γ‐Hydroxybutenolides and Aldehydes: Synthesis of a New Class of Spirocyclic Ketal—Lactones.
Authors: Munoz Alberto , Murelli Ryan P.
Published: March 2013

The γ‐methyl‐γ‐hydroxybutenolide (I) reacts via the intermediacy of the known molecule protoanemonin (VI) with aromatic aldehydes under conditions A) to produce spirocyclic ketal—lactones as heterocyclic subunits.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of the 3‐Substituted Isoindolinone Framework to Assemble Highly Functionalized Related Structures.
Authors: Massa Antonio , et al. et al.
Published: March 2013

The synthesis of 3‐substituted isoindolinones employing a K2CO3‐catalyzed tandem aldol/cyclization/rearrangement reaction of 2‐cyanobenzaldehyde with malonates is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Arylalkylation of Unactivated Alkenes: Dual C—H Bond Cleavage of Anilines and Acetonitrile.
Authors: Zhang Hao , Chen Pinhong , Liu Guosheng
Published: March 2013

The optimized conditions shown, especially the presence of pyridine as co‐catalyst, are crucial for an efficient process.
ChemInform Abstract: Activation of a C(sp3)—H Bond by a Transient σ‐Alkylpalladium(II) Complex: Synthesis of Spirooxindoles Through a Palladium‐Catalyzed Domino Carbopalladation/C(sp3)—C(sp3) Bond‐Forming Process.
Authors: Piou Tiffany , Neuville Luc , Zhu Jieping
Published: March 2013

The sequence renders possible the access to various spirocycles including a benzopyrazine system (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Preparation and Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling of N‐2‐Alkylated 2H‐1,2,3‐Triazole 4‐Boronates.
Authors: Davey Paul R. J. , Delouvrie Benedicte , Dorison‐Duval Delphine , Germain Herve , Harris Craig S. , Magnien Francoise , Ouvry Gilles , Tricotet Thomas
Published: March 2013

A novel protocol is developed to prepare 2H‐1,2,3‐triazoles, functionalized with a boronate moiety at C‐4 such as the pharmaceutically important system (VI) and its Thp analogue (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: An Expedient Route to the Azoles Through Oxidative Desulfurization Using Iodine Reagent.
Authors: Jadhav Nikhil C. , Jagadhane Prashant B. , Patel Kavitkumar N. , Telvekar Vikas N.
Published: March 2013

Oxidative desulfurization of 1,3‐disubstituted thioureas in the presence of sodium azide or formyl hydrazide leads to the formation of 5‐aminotetrazoles and 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazoles, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: An Asymmetric Intramolecular Stetter Reaction Catalyzed by a Chiral Triazolium Precatalyst Bearing a Pyridine Moiety.
Authors: Soeta Takahiro , Tabatake Yuhta , Ukaji Yutaka
Published: March 2013

The asymmetric intramolecular Stetter reaction of aromatic aldehydes of type (I) is optimized to proceed in the presence of a chiral triazolium salt as the catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Method of Facilitating Aryl—Aryl Bond‐Formation Reactions in the Synthesis of Biquinoline‐ and Quinoline‐Bearing Chromene Derivatives.
Authors: Sankaran Mathan , Chandraprakash Kumarasamy , Uvarani Chokkalingam , Vennila Kailasam Natesan , Velmurugan Devadasan , Mohan Palathurai Subramaniam
Published: March 2013

The methodology opens a new access to conjugated organic systems which are of interest in material science.
ChemInform Abstract: The First Catalytic Enantioselective Aza‐Henry Reaction of an Unactivated Cyclic Imine.
Authors: Amarasinghe Nilupa R. , Turner Peter , Todd Matthew H.
Published: March 2013

The present new method provides access to enantiopure diamine derivatives under experimentally straightforward conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: PdII‐Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Boronic Acids to Ketoglutaconic Esters Toward the Synthesis of Functionalized Pyridazin‐3(2H)‐ones with Neuroprotective Activity.
Authors: Roscales Silvia , Ortega Andrea , Martin‐Aragon Sagrario , Bermejo‐Bescos Paloma , Csaky Aurelio G.
Published: March 2013

The dicationic palladium catalyst is found to be efficient for the regioselective conjugate addition of boronic acids to ketoglutaconic esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Organocatalytic Strecker Reaction of Cyclic N‐Acyl Trifluoromethylketimines: Synthesis of anti‐HIV Drug DPC 083.
Authors: Zhang Fa‐Guang , Zhu Xiao‐Yan , Li Shen , Nie Jing , Ma Jun‐An
Published: March 2013

The enantioselective Strecker reaction of ketimines (I) with trimethylsilyl cyanide is used for the preparation of quinazolinones (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Recycling of Halogen Activating Groups via 1,3‐Halogen Migration.
Authors: Grigg R. David , Van Hoveln Ryan , Schomaker Jennifer M.
Published: March 2013

Copper‐catalyzed boration of o‐bromo styrenes recycles the activating aryl halogen group into a benzylic one, allowing for additional functionalizations at this position.
ChemInform Abstract: Assembly of Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate and Phosphanes with Aldehydes Leading to γ‐Lactones Bearing α‐Phosphorus Ylides as Wittig Reagents.
Authors: Deng Jie‐Cheng , Chan Fu‐Wei , Kuo Chih‐Wei , Cheng Chun‐An , Huang Chien‐Yu , Chuang Shih‐Ching
Published: March 2013

The multicomponent assembly of dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, electron‐deficient aldehydes, and triaryl‐ or trialkylphosphanes in a molar ratio of 3:1:6 gives γ‐lactones bearing an α‐phosphorus ylide moiety in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: New Fluorogenic Benzothiadiazole and Benzoselenadiazole Reagents to Yield Environment‐Sensitive Fluorophores via a Reaction with Amines.
Authors: Kawamoto Kyoko , Uchiyama Seiichi
Published: March 2013

The synthesis and properties of new fluorogenic benzothiadiazole and benzoselanadiazole reagents (II) are described.
ChemInform Abstract: A Straightforward Access to Photochromic Diarylethene Derivatives via Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Heteroarylation of 1,2‐Dichloroperfluorocyclopentene.
Authors: Beydoun Kassem , Roger Julien , Boixel Julien , Le Bozec Hubert , Guerchais Veronique , Doucet Henri
Published: March 2013

Di‐heteroarylation of 1,2‐dichloroperfluorocyclopentene (I) is achieved using thiazoles, thiophenes, or furan substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (+)‐Bretonin B: Access to the (E,Z,E)‐Triene Core by a Late‐Stage Peterson Elimination of a Convergently Assembled Silyl Ether.
Authors: Neubauer Thomas , Kammerer‐Pentier Claire , Bach Thorsten
Published: March 2013

The title compound (VI) is obtained in nine steps using an α‐silyl epoxide ring opening, a Julia—Kocienski olefination, and a late‐stage Peterson elimination as key steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Modern Soft Magnets: Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Materials
Authors: Herzer Giselher
Published: March 2013

Review: 53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Materials with Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy for Magnetic Random Access Memory
Authors: Sbiaa R. , Meng H. , Piramanayagam S. N.
Published: March 2013

Review: 53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Aziridines in Formal [3 + 2] Cycloadditions: Synthesis of Five‐Membered Heterocycles
Authors: Cardoso Ana L. , Pinho e Melo Teresa M. V. D.
Published: March 2013

Review: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Boron and Phosphorus Complexes of Meso‐Aryl Expanded Porphyrins
Authors: Higashino Tomohiro , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: March 2013

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Groups 9 and 10 Metal‐Catalyzed O—H Bond Addition to Unsaturated Molecules
Authors: Abbiati Giorgio , Beccalli Egle M. , Rossi Elisabetta
Published: March 2013

Review: 156 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Group 8 Metal‐Catalyzed O—H Bond Addition to Unsaturated Molecules
Authors: Bruneau Christian
Published: March 2013

Review: 140 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Modern 1,3,2‐Diazaborole Chemistry — A Metamorphosis from Electrophilic to Nucleophilic Boron
Authors: Weber Lothar
Published: March 2013

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Colloidal Nanowires
Authors: Repko Anton , Cademartiri Ludovico
Published: March 2013

Review: 153 refs.