bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Behavioral Methods Manipulation for Insect Pest Management
Authors: Chemutai Alunga Job
Published: October 2024

This chapter incorporates and reviews tactics of insect pest management using stimuli to manipulate the pest’s behavior for the protection of a valued resource. The methods are broadly described by separating and defining them into two groups; methods that influence behavior over a long distance. These are also described as “finding-type behaviors and include volatile chemicals that comprise pheromones, tactile, auditory, and visual stimuli.” The second category consists of those manipulating insect behavior at a short distance within a centimeter (<1 cm), also known as acceptance-type behaviors (e.g., involatile chemicals). Precise prominence is placed on approaches and innovations developed through various pest behavior studies and integrating stimuli to enhance efficacy. In this book chapter, three key components of behavioral manipulation techniques are explored and discussed: Pest behavior, how the behavior of the pest is manipulated suitably, and a technique that exploits the behavioral manipulation to protect a resource from an insect pest. Notably, most of the semiochemicals used in this approach are comparatively harmless to vertebrates and beneficial insects, due to being highly selective to the target pest species. Additionally, the methods of behavioral control work together with other control techniques, including conventional methods (IPM).
Perspective Chapter: Geopolymers in Civil and Environmental Engineering Applications
Authors: Saba Marianne , Arairo Wahib
Published: October 2024

This chapter highlights the potential applications of geopolymers in civil and environmental engineering applications. It indicated how geopolymeric materials could reform current building techniques and sustainable practices. This chapter will start by elaborating on and synthesizing geopolymer mortars, promoting the use of natural and recycled source materials with a focus on industrial waste and sustainable raw materials. This chapter delves into the characterization methods that enable geopolymers’ good mechanical properties in the coming step. Among the significant properties are the correlation with the microstructural, thermal, and durability properties. The chapter also discusses how geopolymers help the environment by managing waste and reducing carbon footprints.
Prevalence of Fish Diseases and Use of Aqua Drugs and Chemicals at Habiganj in Bangladesh
Authors: Amin Bodrul , zaman Aktaruz , Deb Mantush , Hani Umme , Hasan Mohibul
Published: October 2024

Fish farming has rapidly expanded globally, including in Bangladesh, yet this growth has brought heightened risks of disease among aquaculture species. In response, farm owners have increasingly resorted to various drugs and chemicals without stringent regulation. This study investigates the current prevalence of fish diseases in farms and hatcheries across Habiganj district, examining associated management practices. Data from 36 farms reveal frequent health monitoring, with diseases diagnosed clinically, notably Parasite (68.29%), Epizootic ulcerative syndrome (29.26%), Dropsy (31.70%), tail and fin rot (19.44%), gulping (16.67%) and cotton fungus (12.19%). Additional conditions such as red spots, scale erosion and malnutrition were also noted albeit less frequently. Hatchery operations highlighted seasonal disease spikes during winter and after striping, with prevalent issues in brood fish and fish spawn, including fungal infections, yolk sac disorders and sudden mortality. A variety of medicines and chemicals were employed, with liming of ponds a common practice. This study offers critical insights for managing fish diseases effectively in Bangladesh, emphasizing the judicious use of medications and chemicals for sustainable aquaculture.
EFFICIENCY MEASUREMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A RESEARCH ON COMPANIES IN TÜRKİYE
Authors: Ersoy Yusuf , Tehci Ali , Selamzade Fuad
Published: October 2024

The use of technology is increasing due to Industry 4.0. Both countries and organizations have had to invest in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) to compete with their rivals in global competitive conditions and to adapt to the ever-changing world. An organization or a country needs to evaluate its performance to ensure its sustainability constantly. The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method is widely used in performance evaluation. This study aimed to evaluate Türkiye AI performance for the nine years between 2014 and 2022. In the research, years were included in the analysis as the decision-making unit. Two input and two output variables were used in the analyses. The study was carried out by using the input-oriented CCR DEA model and its super-efficiency model. According to the results of the analysis, efficient/inefficient decision-making units were determined. Several potential improvement suggestions have been put forward for inefficient decision-making units.
GROUP CORPORATE INTERACTION AS A MEANS OF FORMING SOFT COMPETENCIES OF GYMNASIUM TEACHERS
Authors: Попова Елена Вячеславовна
Published: October 2024

В статье рассматривается инновационный опыт по формированию soft-компетенций современного учителя в процессе группового взаимодействия.

The article examines the innovative experience in the formation of soft competencies of a modern teacher in the process of group interaction.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЙ КОВШ ЭКСКАВАТОРА
Authors: Бурый Григорий Геннадьевич
Published: October 2024

В статье рассматривается конструкция ковша одноковшового гидравлического экскаватора, за счёт установки которого на экскаватор, увеличивается его производительность. Описана особенность конструкции и механика движения позволяющая повысить производительность экскаватора.
DIGITALIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE: ACCELERATING THE PROGRESS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Сметана Владимир Васильевич
Published: October 2024

Данная статья посвящена анализу влияния глобальной цифровизации знаний на развитие искусственного интеллекта (ИИ). В статье рассматриваются основные направления этого процесса: оцифровка текстовой информации, создание баз знаний, разработка систем автоматического извлечения информации и др. Особое внимание уделяется тому, как цифровизация знаний способствует расширению базы знаний искусственного интеллекта, ускорению развития обработки естественного языка и созданию новых возможностей для научных открытий. Вместе с тем, в статье поднимаются и проблемы, связанные с качеством данных, потенциальной предвзятостью и вопросами авторского права. В заключении подчеркивается важность ответственного и этичного подхода к цифровизации знаний, чтобы в полной мере реализовать ее потенциал для развития искусственного интеллекта на благо всего человечества.

This article is devoted to the analysis of the impact of the global digitalization of knowledge on the development of artificial intelligence (AI). The article discusses the main directions of this process: digitization of textual information, creation of knowledge bases, development of automatic information extraction systems, etc. Special attention is paid to how the digitalization of knowledge contributes to the expansion of the knowledge base of artificial intelligence, accelerating the development of natural language processing and creating new opportunities for scientific discoveries. However, the article also raises issues related to data quality, potential bias, and copyright issues. In conclusion, the importance of a responsible and ethical approach to the digitalization of knowledge is emphasized in order to fully realize its potential for the development of artificial intelligence for the benefit of all mankind.
Perbedaan Kematangan Emosi Siswa Berdasarkan Keutuhan Keluarga
Authors: Mahfuza Fitri , Nurfarhanah Nurfarhanah
Published: October 2024

This research was motivated by the fact that there were students SMA who were unable to control their emotions and channel them well, where students who, when emotional, immediately expressed their emotions without thinking about the consequences of these actions, apart from that, there were students who harbored feelings of anger so they experienced severe and excessive stress. This condition can trigger problems such as learning difficulties and deviant behavior. One of the influencing factors is the family environment. The objectives of this research are: (1) Describe the emotional maturity of students raised in intact families (2) Describe the emotional maturity of students raised in incomplete families (3) Describe the emotional maturity of students raised in intact families and non-intact families based on aspects ( 4) Test whether there is a significant difference between the emotional maturity of students raised by intact families and non-intact families. This research uses quantitative methods with a comparative study approach. The population in the study were students in class XII students 143 students, with the sample size being 112 students raised in intact families and 31 students raised in incomplete families, the sampling technique was total sampling technique. The instrument used in this research is an emotional maturity instrument with a Likert mode scale. The data analysis techniques used are descriptive analysis and hypothesis testing with the help of SPSS 20. The findings of this research show that: (1) The emotional maturity of students based on intact families is in the medium category, most students are able to manage emotions well. (2) The emotional maturity of students based on incomplete families is in the medium category, most students are able to manage emotions well. (3) There is a significant difference between the emotional maturity of students from intact families and students from non-intact families. This means that family integrity can also influence emotional maturity, where the emotional maturity of students from intact families is better than from non-intact families. Based on the results of this research, counselors can provide assistance to students through information services, individual counseling services and group counseling services.
Tantangan Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Membangun Karakter Generasi Milenial
Authors: Sukari Sukari , Haerullah Haerullah
Published: October 2024

Islamic Religious Education (PAI) plays a vital role in building the character of the millennial generation, who face significant challenges in the digital era, such as the influence of global culture, low digital literacy, and the spread of negative information on social media. This study employs a qualitative method with in-depth analysis of various literature sources and social contexts. The findings indicate that PAI can provide a strong moral foundation for young people through understanding Islamic values, fostering noble character, and increasing spiritual awareness. However, millennials often struggle to internalize religious teachings due to exposure to foreign cultures that contrast with Islamic values. Other challenges include a dependency on technology, which has the potential to reduce their mental resilience. In conclusion, adaptive strategies are needed, such as integrating technology in learning, professional development for teachers, and digital ethics education to help millennials navigate the complexities of the digital era without losing their identity and moral integrity.
Advancing Precision Oncology: Whole-Exome Sequencing in Endometrial Cancer Liquid-Based Cytology
Authors: Takamatsu Reika , Nakamura Kohei , Chiyoda Tatsuyuki , Tsuji Kosuke , Kawano Ryutaro , Yoshimi Naoki , Yamagami Wataru , Nishihara Hiroshi
Published: October 2024

Context.—

Diagnostic strategies for endometrial cancer have been evolving, with cytologic analysis being considered a key method in integrated oncologic diagnostics because of its less invasive nature and adaptability to various assessments. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) has emerged as a promising method for intact DNA preservation; it exhibits improved efficiency in advanced sequencing applications such as next-generation sequencing. However, despite the use of LBC in panel assays, its application in whole-exome sequencing (WES) for comprehensive genomic profiling remains underexplored.

Objective.—

To investigate whether molecular classification is possible based on WES using DNA derived from LBC specimens.

Design.—

We combined WES with targeted gene panel analysis to compare genomic findings of LBC and traditional tissue samples obtained from 7 cases of endometrial cancer. We investigated pathogenic mutations, tumor mutational burden, and microsatellite instability, and achieved molecular classification with high accuracy.

Results.—

We found a substantial concordance between LBC and traditional tissue samples in terms of pathogenic mutation detection, with a 95% match in the LBC samples and 94% in the tissue samples. Notably, our results highlight the importance of combining WES with panel-based analysis in identifying the ultramutated status of a case that had been missed during panel analysis.

Conclusions.—

Our findings emphasize the potential of LBC samples in the precise and noninvasive genomic analysis of cases of endometrial cancer and offer a new avenue for developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in precision oncology.
Efficacy of Levetiracetam vs Phenobarbital as First Line Therapy for the Treatment of Neonatal Seizures
Authors: Long Destini , Sutton Courtney , Hale Jennifer
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE

Seizures are one of the most common neurologic complications seen in a neonate. Historically, phenobarbital has been the agent of choice, but can lead to adverse neurologic outcomes, which has contributed to the use of other agents. Levetiracetam has proven great efficacy with an excellent safety profile in older patients, causing interest of its use in neonates. The objective of this study was to determine if levetiracetam would provide similar neonatal seizure resolution rates as phenobarbital.

METHODS

The study was a single-center, retrospective, cohort study from August 1, 2020 to August 31, 2022 investigating the efficacy and safety of using levetiracetam compared with phenobarbital as a first line treatment for neonatal seizures. The primary outcome was to assess overall seizure resolution after administration of levetiracetam or phenobarbital, without addition of a second antiseizure medication.

RESULTS

There were 87 patients included in the study. Fifteen neonates (27.78%) achieved seizure resolution with phenobarbital compared with 9 neonates (27.27%) who received levetiracetam first line (p = 0.959). Neonates who received phenobarbital had higher rates of adverse effects. Neonates who received a benzodiazepine prior to administration of levetiracetam had lower seizure resolution rates (p = 0.021).

CONCLUSIONS

These findings suggest there is no difference in using phenobarbital over levetiracetam to achieve complete seizure resolution in a neonate. Higher rates of adverse events were seen in the phenobarbital group. The use of a benzodiazepine prior to administration of levetiracetam may reduce the efficacy of levetiracetam.
Cost-Benefit Analysis of a Pediatric ICU Sedation Weaning Protocol
Authors: Velez Chiara , Anderson Jessica J. , Resser J. Jackson , Liu Dandan , Betters Kristina A.
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE

A risk stratified sedation weaning protocol improved patient outcomes in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). We sought to determine the protocol effect on medication costs.

METHODS

This was a retrospective observational cohort study in an academic tertiary care children’s hospital PICU (2018–2020) comparing the cost when weaning benzodiazepine, alpha agonist, and/or opioid infusions in intubated children <18 years of age.

RESULTS

There were 84 total sedation weaning instances (pre-protocol n = 41 and post-protocol n = 41); 2 patients had 2 encounters, 1 in each phase. The total cost (in 2022 United States Dollars) of sedation weaning was $400,328.87 ($15,994.44/kg) pre-protocol compared with $170,458.85 ($11,227.52/kg) post-protocol. The median cost of sedation wean per patient for pre-protocol patients was $3197.42 (IQR: $322.66–$12,643.29) and post-protocol patients was $1851.44 (IQR: $425.05–$5355.85; p = 0.275). A linear regression model estimated the expected cost of sedation wean for post-protocol patients to be $5173.20 lower than for pre-protocol patients of the same weight and overall drug risk (p = 0.036). The proportion of withdrawal symptoms in the pre-protocol patients (16%) was not significantly different from the proportion in the post-protocol patients (14%; p = 0.435).

CONCLUSIONS

Implementation of a PICU sedation weaning protocol in a single-center conferred cost benefit without negatively impacting patient outcomes. A larger multicenter study would provide insight to the applicability to PICUs in varied settings with differing patient populations.
Sildenafil as Bridge Therapy for Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Preterm Neonates
Authors: Khawaja Harris , Sanders Timothy A. , Schreiber Michael , Bondi Deborah , Shah Pooja , Brennan Gillian
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE

Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is a mainstay of treatment for infants with persistent pulmonary ­hypertension. However, abrupt discontinuation of inhaled nitric oxide can result in rebound pulmonary ­hypertension. The objective of this analysis is to describe the use of sildenafil to facilitate the weaning from iNO in preterm neonates.

METHODS

This retrospective chart review identified all infants who were receiving iNO and subsequently received sildenafil between 2017 and 2021. Neonates were included if they met the following criteria: gestational age at birth less than 34 weeks, receiving iNO, and started on sildenafil with the indication to facilitate weaning or discontinuation of iNO. Patients were excluded if they had major congenital anomalies, including congenital heart disease or congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

RESULTS

We identified 7 neonates with a gestational age range of 22 5/7 weeks to 31 0/7 weeks and birth weight range of 545 to 910 g with previously failed attempts at iNO weaning. The most common starting dose for sildenafil was 0.125 mg/kg intravenously every 8 hours or 0.25 mg/kg enterally every 8 hours. Four infants were able to discontinue iNO within 48 hours of sildenafil initiation, 1 patient discontinued iNO within 5 days, and 1 patient within 10 days of sildenafil initiation. One patient experienced weaning failure from iNO despite initiation of sildenafil. No adverse events, such as hypotension or deaths, were reported in any of the 7 infants.

CONCLUSIONS

Sildenafil facilitated weaning off iNO in most preterm neonates evaluated without adverse side effects.
Pediatric Lead Chelation Managed During Critical Medication Shortages: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Singh Mahi K. , Kane Jason M. , Said Sana J.
Published: October 2024

Lead poisoning in children has the potential for devastating neurodevelopmental consequences. There is significant socioeconomic disparity in children with lead poisoning. Specific lead chelation regimens have been approved for children by the US Food and Drug Administration, however in the United States, there has been a recent national shortage of the primary therapy, edetate calcium disodium (CaNa2 EDTA). This case report presents a 23-month-old child with severe symptomatic lead poisoning during a national shortage of CaNa2 EDTA to highlight the need for advocacy regarding critical medication shortages, especially for antidote therapy. The infant’s initial blood lead level was 364 mcg/dL and he received a continuous infusion of CaNa2 EDTA (1000 mg/m2/day), as well as dimercaprol (4 mg/kg intramuscularly every 4 hours). The supply of CaNa2 EDTA was exhausted on day 3 of therapy so he was transitioned to enteral succimer monotherapy. Initial parenteral therapy of 72 hours achieved a lead level of 72 mcg/dL; he then completed his enteral course of succimer along with environmental mitigation. However, elevated blood lead levels persisted and he subsequently required 3 more courses of enteral succimer, and he continues to have detectable blood lead levels 2 years after initial presentation. In the face of medication shortages including CaNa2 EDTA, and now also dimercaprol, clinicians must create and study alternative chelation therapy regimens for pediatric lead toxicity. Furthermore, public policy initiatives, including the development of a national supply stockpile of chelation agents, must be created in order to minimize supply chain disruption and ensure adequate and equitable antidote therapy for lead poisoning outbreaks.
Striking the Balance: How Workplace Flexibility Enhances Engagement and Performance of Employees working in Public and Private settings
Authors: Parveen Musrrat , Rizq Abrar Talal
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the relationships between workplace flexibility, employee engagement, and performance of employees working in public and private settings. The purpose is to understand how flexible work arrangements influence employee engagement and overall performance across various industries. This research was conducted using a descriptive quantitative method. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 400 employees across finance, technology, healthcare, and manufacturing industries. The measurement model’s reliability was evaluated using the partial least square (PLS) structural equation modeling (SEM) approach (see table 3). Cronbach alpha (α) and composite reliability (CR) values were used. A prognosis model evaluation shows that all of the variables have SRMR values of 0.082 and NFI values of 0.914, suggesting that the model accurately matches with the experimental data. The Q2 predict value for employee performance (EP) of 0.352 shows excellent predictive relevance with a significant impact size. In comparison, the Q2 predict predictive value for Employee Engagement (EENG) is 0.185, indicating good predictive relevance with a modest impact size. These Q2Predict values are higher than the required minimum threshold of 0.00, indicating that the model is highly
predictive for each variable. Furthermore, the Q2 effect sizes for EENG and EPC show that they have a significant impact on the endogenous variable (WPFX). SmartPLS 3.3.9 used the PLS algorithm as well as the bootstrapping approach to evaluate the presented hypothesis. Table 6 shows the beta values that demonstrate the intensity and significance of the positive link between the dependent and independent variables, where employee engagement acts as both a moderator and mediator. By
including both mediation and moderation in the same model, you can gain a more comprehensive understanding of how workplace flexibility impacts employee performance, considering the mediating role of employee engagement and the moderating effect of its level. In addition to the above analysis, In addition, demographic factors are tested by Manova.
INVESTIGATION OF DISASTER LITERACY LEVELS OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION STUDENTS
Authors: Usta Galip , Çelik İbrahim Halil , Yılmaz Gürkan
Published: October 2024

Disaster literacy can be expressed as the level of receiving, reading, understanding and correctly using information that provides the basis for people to make correct decisions in disaster management processes. In this study, it was aimed to determine the disaster literacy levels of Political Science and Public Administration students. The population and sample of the study consisted of students enrolled in a university's Political Science and Public Administration Program. The data of the study was collected by survey technique between 05.12.2022-07.02.2023. The research was completed with the participation of 107 (72% of the universe) out of 149 participants registered in the relevant program. In the study, a significant a difference was found between the mitigation of harm scores of the participants and their class levels (p0.05). There is no significant difference between gender and mitigation, preparation, response and recovery scores (p>0.05). According to the findings, it was evaluated that increasing people's disaster literacy levels will significantly contribute to the development of social disaster resilience.
Assessing the Risk of Tuberculosis Relapse Development during the Period of Stabilization of the COVID-19 Epidemic
Authors: Vershinina M. V. , Shevchenko A. I. , Ludanny R. I. , Vorobieva T. I. , Baronova O. D.
Published: October 2024

The objective: to evaluate risk factors for tuberculosis relapse development during stabilization of the COVID-19 situation.

Subjects and Methods. 165 patients over 18 years of age were enrolled in the observational comparative study, those patients were followed up due to respiratory tuberculosis relapses in 2021-2023. Risk factors for early and late relapses that occurred during the pandemic (2021-2022) and post-pandemic (2023) periods were analyzed. They included age, gender, accommodation, social status, imprisonment, smoking, alcohol and substances abuse, comorbidities, clinical forms of tuberculosis, presence of cavities, bacterial excretion, and drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Results. The data obtained confirmed the assumption that the COVID-19 pandemic had led to changes in social and medical-biological risk factors for tuberculosis relapse.
Features of Intracellular Matrix State during Development and Formation of COPD Clinical Phenotypes
Authors: Tayutina T. V. , Shlyk S. V. , Kudlay D. A. , Smerdin S. V. , Shovkun L. A. , Kizhevatova E. A. , Nikolenko N. Yu. , Kampos E. D.
Published: October 2024

The objective: to evaluate state of extracellular matrix markers and their tissue inhibitors during development and formation of clinical phenotypes of COPD, in patients facing the high risk of developing exacerbations.

Subjects and Methods. 96 COPD patients (73% men and 27% women) were examined. Patients were randomized into the following groups: Group 1 included 40 COPD patients with bronchitis phenotype; Group 2 included 38 patients with emphysema phenotype; and Control Group consisted of 18 practically healthy subjects. All patients underwent a comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination. Levels of matrix metalloproteinases (total MMP-9 and MMP-2) and their tissue inhibitors TIMMP1 and TIMMP2 were determined by ELISA.

Results. The development of COPD, regardless of the clinical phenotype of the disease, is accompanied by pronounced expression of extracellular matrix markers MMP-9 and MMP-2. Regardless of the COPD clinical phenotype, elevated activity of metalloproteinases is accompanied by inhibition of production of TIMMP2 and dysfunction of the MMP-9/TIMMP1 antiprotease system. In COPD patients with MMP-2 level of 214 ng/ml, the formation of bronchitis phenotype can be predicted, while with MMP-2 level of 214 ng/ml or more, the formation of emphysema phenotype can be predicted.
Observations on aspects of online consumer behavior
Authors: Kalinov Aleksandar
Published: October 2024

In a period of less than a decade, technological leaps provide more and more methods of communication, and in addition to a quantitative increase, qualities such as the speed of messages, the volume of information, means and mechanisms, and others, also follow rapid development. And yet, users are losing the basic hygiene of communication. Behaviors that ensure safe, respectful and effective interactions in the digital environment are somehow becoming rare, especially between users who have different opinions. The article offered to your attention looks at the problems of communication in society and more precisely in digital communication, as the main focus will be on modern trends in the behavior of the public when consuming online platforms.
Kamu Belgelerinin Hassasiyet Değerlendirmesi: Kuram, Süreç ve Zorluklar
Authors: Öztürk Hasan
Published: October 2024

Kamu belgeleri, ulusal hafızanın korunması ve gelecek nesillere aktarılması için hayatî bir önem taşımaktadır. Bu belgeler ulusal güvenlik, uluslararası ilişkiler veya bireysel mahremiyet gibi hassas konular/bilgiler içerebileceğinden arşiv değeri taşıyanların doğru yönetilerek işlemlerin titizlikle yürütülmesi gerekmektedir. Hassasiyet değerlendirmesi olarak adlandırılan bu işlem, hassas/özel nitelikli bilgiler içeren arşiv/arşivlik belgeleri(ni) kapsamaktadır. Türkiye’de uygulama içerisinde yer almayan ancak gizlilik kapsamına giren hassasiyet değerlendirmesi, pek çok ulusal arşiv kurumu tarafından uygulanmakta olup temel arşiv işlemlerinden “değerlendirme(appraisal)” sürecinin odak bir safhasıdır. Hassas bilgi içeren belgelerin erişim kontrolleri, kısıtlamalar, kapatma kararları ve kamu erişimine sunulması, çeşitli yönlerden zorlukların oluştuğu bu yönetimsel sürecin adımlarıdır. Bu çalışma, odak bir işlem/adım olan hassasiyet değerlendirmesinin kuramsal çerçevesi, uygulama süreci ve zorlukları üzerine bir inceleme sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.
Faster-than-Light Travel from Dark Energy Inflation
Authors: Morgan J. A.
Published: October 2024

The mass-energy content of the present-day universe is dominated by an exotic component known as dark energy. In its earliest stages, a similar dominant component drove the exponential growth of cosmological inflation. This note explores how a sufficiently advanced civilisation might manipulate dark energy for faster-that-light travel. An exact solution of the Einstein gravitational field equations that experiences highly anisotropic inflation serves as a toy model to illustrate the principles. A sample calculation exhibits highly superluminal motion while imposing negligible stress on a spacecraft hull. Keywords: Faster-than-light Spaceflight, Relativistic Interstellar Spaceflight
Inertial Confinement Fusion Propulsion for the Massive Ra World Ship Model – Part 2
Authors:   Interstellar Research Centre, Stellar Engines Ltd, Long Kelvin F.
Published: October 2024

A strategy for sending humans around other stars will be to acquire the ability to construct large World Ships which are of order ~1011-1012 tons in mass, ~100 km in length and host large populations of millions of people over many generations of lifetime. This paper presents such a concept but driven by inertial confinement fusion engines utilising very large pellets of order 230 g in mass augmented with 4.85 kg/pellet of expellant propellant for increased mass flow rate and thrust generation. A mission architecture is constructed for a 1 million population carrying capacity growing to 10 million, based on an original 1984 published model which achieved a cruise speed of 1,500 km/s or 0.5% for a 1,000 year trip time. Calculations show that propulsion of such a vast construction will require hundreds of engines operating in parallel thrust mode and at moderately high pulse frequency for an elongated burn time of order half a century. The purpose of this study was to examine whether it was possible to drive an interstellar world ship using ICF engines using similar assumptions to a 1984 study for a Mk2A design. The conclusion of this study is that although an architecture does appear to be possible, there are practical reasons why it may be better to pursue alternative propulsion methods for this specific application such as via external nuclear pulse propulsion as adopted for the original studies. This paper is a follow-up to an earlier one which discussed some of the assumptions of the study. Keywords: World Ships, Interstellar Studies, Fusion Propulsion
Effective Leadership in Improving the Quality of Education in Madrasah Tsnawiyah
Authors: Musrifah  , Ali Shah Syed Ahmad
Published: October 2024

The challenges faced by educational institutions in improving the quality of education and human resources require effective leadership strategies. This research focuses on the efforts of the principal at MTs Nurul Hidayah Tegalsiwalan Probolinggo to address issues related to curriculum objectives, teaching staff, methodologies, facilities, and evaluations. The study explores how the principal's leadership enhances teacher professionalism, facilities, learning quality, and student achievement. A qualitative approach with a case study method was employed to provide an in-depth analysis of the principal's leadership role. Data collection included interviews, observations, and documentation, with humans as the primary research instrument. Following Denzin and Lincoln's framework, the study was conducted naturally to interpret phenomena through descriptive data and inductive analysis. The findings indicate that the principal effectively fulfils multiple roles—educator, manager, administrator, supervisor, leader, innovator, and motivator—while demonstrating a charismatic and authoritative leadership style, strong managerial skills, effective communication, and a flexible approach. Supporting factors include leadership qualities and collaboration while inhibiting factors involve inadequate facilities, limited institutional support, and insufficient managerial training. The study recommends prioritizing leadership development programs, enhanced resource allocation, and infrastructure improvements to overcome barriers. Future research should investigate technology integration in leadership practices and strategies for fostering sustainable educational quality in similar contexts.
Assessment of spatial distribution of schools in the northern area of Riyadh city
Authors: Alrwais Omer , Alshutairi Abdulmohsen , Alshehri Sulaiman , Alsaleem Saleh , Almutawa Abdulrahman
Published: October 2024

This paper aims to study the distribution of three types of schools in the northern area of Riyadh city in Saudi Arabia in order to uncover the aspects of imbalance distribution of schools over the 4 districts of the study area (Almalqa, Sahafa, Jasmine and Narges neighborhoods) in addition to assess the extent of compatibility between the number of schools in each district and the density of population residing in it. The used dataset is built up of mainly tow datasets for schools and districts covering the study area. This research has utilized MS Excel, ArcGIS and QGIS software and applied the Point-to-Polygon overlay to locate the three types of schools in their corresponding districts and three types of analysis were applied which are the average nearest neighbor, heat map, and district classification based on population ratio with the aim of exploring the clustering patterns of schools as well as classifying the districts based on the density of schools relative to population. The study concludes that there is a spatial disparity in the distribution of schools, mainly in terms of their density, in the different districts due to the variation in population. Moreover, a notable inequality of the distribution of schools with respect to the population has been found.
Türk ve Alman Hukukunda Ön Anonim Şirketin Hukuki Niteliği ve Taraf Ehliyeti Konusunun İncelenmesi
Authors: Hayran Polat Merve
Published: October 2024

Bu çalışma, Türk hukukunda anonim şirketlerin kuruluş sürecinde ortaya çıkan ön anonim şirket kavramının hukuki niteliğini ve bu yapının taraf ehliyeti kazanıp kazanamayacağını incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Anonim şirketlerin tüzel kişilik kazanmadan önceki aşaması olan ön anonim şirket hem hukuki statüsü hem de yargı süreçlerindeki yeri açısından tartışmalı ve önemli bir konudur. Çalışmada, öncelikle Türk ve Alman hukuku perspektifinden ön anonim şirketin hukuki niteliği ele alınacak, ardından Türk hukukundaki mevcut düzenlemeler ışığında ön anonim şirketin taraf ehliyetine sahip olup olamayacağı değerlendirilecektir. Bu bağlamda, ön anonim şirketin hukuki niteliğinin netleştirilmesi ve taraf ehliyeti kazanmasının gerekliliği vurgulanarak, Türk hukukunda bu yönde yapılması gereken yasal düzenlemelere dikkat çekilecektir. Çalışmanın temel amacı, ön anonim şirketlerin hukuki statüsünün ve taraf ehliyetinin doğru bir şekilde belirlenmesi yoluyla, yargı süreçlerinde hukuki belirlilik ve adaletin sağlanmasına katkıda bulunmaktır. Bu bağlamda gerek doktrin gerekse yargı kararları ışığında, ön anonim şirketlerin taraf ehliyeti konusundaki mevcut durumu ve bu konuda olası hukuki düzenlemeler analiz edilecektir.
Epistemologia da formação em música: reflexões para sua constituição
Authors: Almeida Jéssica de , Teixeira Ziliane Lima de Oliveira
Published: October 2024

O artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre uma teoria da formação docente em música, com base nos referenciais empregados em pesquisas dos campos da Música e Educação Musical sobre esta temática. Baseando-se em uma pesquisa interinstitucional que analisou 220 trabalhos acadêmicos publicados nos últimos 30 anos e adotando a bricolagem metodológica como procedimento, discutem-se perspectivas teóricas das pesquisas de Música e Educação Musical que tematizaram a formação docente, além de analisar os impactos para as suas diferentes concepções. Os resultados foram estudados a partir de quatro categorias, consideradas como dimensões, a fim de entender o progresso dos conceitos na área. Assim, identificou-se um conjunto de saberes, que têm sido discutidos e teorizados, contribuindo para a constituição de uma cultura docente na área da Música. Por outro lado, alerta-se para a necessidade de que outras possibilidades sejam exploradas, sobretudo, partindo-se de teorias nascidas da própria Música.
The Obligation of Non-recognition, Occupation and the OPT Advisory Opinion
Authors: Ronen Yaël
Published: October 2024

In the OPT Advisory Opinion, the ICJ considered that Israel’s abuse of its position as an Occupying Power, through de jure and de facto annexation of the Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT) and continued frustration of the right of the Palestinian people to self-determination, renders Israel’s presence in the OPT unlawful. In determining the legal consequences of this illegal presence, the Court held by a vote of 12:3, that all States are under an obligation “not to recognize as legal the situation arising from the unlawful presence of the State Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory”. This holding was not accompanied by any concretization in either the Advisory Opinion or any of the many declarations and separate opinions attached to it.
Wie viel Pay ist Equal Pay?
Authors: Groteclaes Anna Leoni
Published: October 2024

Eine Mitarbeiterin der Daimler AG hat erfolgreich auf Equal Pay geklagt: Das Arbeitsgericht Stuttgart stellte eine geschlechtsspezifische Lohndiskriminierung fest und sprach ihr die Differenz zum Medianentgelt der männlichen Vergleichsgruppe zu. Doch an wessen Gehalt orientiert sich die Nachzahlung? Diese Frage beantwortete das LAG Baden-Württemberg nun in kurioser Weise: Es sprach der Klägerin einen Ausgleich in Höhe der Differenz zwischen dem weiblichen und dem männlichen Medianentgelt zu. Eine Entscheidung, die dazu führen würde, dass Betroffene von Lohndiskriminierungen in keinem Fall ein ihnen zustehendes Spitzengehalt gerichtlich geltend machen könnten.
Political Movement and Civil Disobedience: Abstention Behavior of the Hindu-Buddhist Dayak Indigenous Community Bumi Segandu Indramayu
Authors: Wiji Febriyani Rizkiyah
Published: October 2024

This research discusses political movements and civil disobedience which can be seen from the abstention behavior of the Bumi Segandu Indramayu Hindu-Buddhist Dayak Indigenous Community. This research aims to explain the behavior of the Bumi Segandu Indramayu Hindu-Buddhist Dayak Indigenous Community for abstention from the 2004 elections to the 2008 West Java regional elections and the factors that influenced it. This research uses descriptive research methods with a qualitative approach with ethnographic types. The results of this research reveal that the abstention behavior of the Bumi Segandu Indramayu Hindu-Buddhist Dayak Indigenous Community in Losarang District is a social movement that has developed into civil disobedience. There are two factors that influence the community's abstention, namely: 1) the existence of cultural values that influence the existence of the community, namely belief in nature which prioritizes elements of justice; and 2) the community's dislike for the conditions created during the New Order era until now. For this reason, the Bumi Segandu Indramayu Hindu-Buddhist Dayak Traditional Community dares to face all forms of challenges that oppose its existence and continues to carry out its activities with the aim of making their existence and form of existence acceptable to society.
THE ROLE OF THE HUMANITIES IN THE EDUCATION OF CITIZENSHIP AND PATRIOTISM
Authors: Gavrilova Elena
Published: October 2024

The article defines the meaning of the concepts of citizenship and patriotism in modern realities. The state's policy in the field of higher education is being adjusted, and the patriotic component is being strengthened. Attention is being paid to the protection of historical truth, the creation of conditions for the dissemination of reliable and scientifically based historical knowledge in society, aimed at forming an objective understanding of historical and modern events. The influence of the cycle of humanities on the solution of the problem of formation of citizenship and patriotism among cadets and students is determined.
THE MEMORY OF THE LITTLE ROAD OF LIFE
Authors: Tovstakorov Roman , Ryabov Aleksandr
Published: October 2024

This article examines the problem of studying and preserving the memory of the contribution of the Little road of life to breaking the blockade of Leningrad during the Great Patriotic War, in particular to ensure the combat effectiveness of such important strategic objects as the Oranienbaum bridgehead and the Kronstadt garnison.
FEATURES OF THE WORK OF RESCUE OF EMERCOM OF RUSSIA IN CONDITIONS OF INTERACTION WITH REPRESENTATIVES OF DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS AND RELIGIOUS CONFESSIONS
Authors: Mikhailov Valery , Peshakova Varvara
Published: October 2024

The article reveals the characteristic features of interaction between employees of EMERCOM of Russia and the population of territories that have great differences in cultural, socio-psychological and economic development, having their own way of life, traditions, customs and, in general, mentality. The study offers appropriate recommendations aimed at minimizing the negative aspects of carrying out rescue operations in areas of compact residence of indigenous peoples and, in turn, achieving positive ones. Particular attention in the article is paid to the issue of developing personal and professionally important qualities, the competence of employees involved in organizing and conducting such events. The authors substantiate the concept in which one of the main forms of solving the problems identified in the work is additional professional education for employees of EMERCOM of Russia.
Efektivitas Penggunaan Media Sosial dalam Penyebaran Informasi Publik guna Mencegah Penyebaran Berita Hoax oleh DISKOMINFOS Kota Denpasar
Authors: Devi Komang Triananda Kurnia , Wirantari I Dewa Ayu Putri , Wijaya Komang Adi Sastra
Published: October 2024

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using social media as a means of public information disclosure services in preventing the spread of hoax news by DISKOMINFOS Denpasar City. The focus of the research is social media managed by the Denpasar City Communication, Information and Statistics Office which consists of 3 indicators, namely goal achievement, integration, and adaptation. This type of research uses descriptive methods with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques were conducted through interviews, observation and documentation. The results showed that in the indicator of achieving goals, it has been running quite well because it is in accordance with the legal basis and applicable SOPs, good achievement time and community targets as recipients of information. The Integration indicator is not yet said to be optimal because there are still problems such as two-way interaction that has not been maximized, lack of digital literacy and public interest in the information provided. Finally, the Adaptation Indicator can also be said to be quite good in terms of facilities and infrastructure and preparation from employees, but this still has to be improved. The recommendations given aim to optimize the use of social media in disseminating public information such as increasing social interaction and improving the quality of information submitted by the government.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas penggunaan media sosial sebagai sarana pelayanan keterbukaan informasi publik dalam mencegah penyebaran berita hoax oleh DISKOMINFOS Kota Denpasar. Fokus penelitian adalah media sosial yang dikelola oleh Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika, dan Statistik Kota Denpasar yang terdiri dari 3 indikator yakni pencapaian tujuan, integrasi, dan adaptasi. Jenis penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam indikator pencapaian tujuan, sudah berjalan cukup baik karena sesuai dengan landasan hukum serta SOP yang berlaku, waktu pencapaian yang baik serta sasaran masyarakat sebagi penerima informasi. Indikator Integrasi belum dikatakan optimal karena masih ada permasalahan seperti interaksi dua arah yang belum maksimal, kurangnya literasi digital dan minat masyarakat  terhadap infomasi yang diberikan. Terakhir Indikator Adaptasi juga dapat dikatakan cukup baik dari segi sarana dan prasana serta persiapan dari pegawai, namun hal ini masih harus ditingkatkan. Rekomendasi yang diberikan bertujuan untuk mengoptimalisasi pemanfaatan media sosial dalam penyebaran informasi publik seperti peningkatan interaksi sosial dan peningkatan kualitas informasi yang disampaikan oleh pemerintah.
Kata Kunci: Efektivitas, Media Sosial, Keterbukaan Informasi Publik, Berita Hoax
Microplastic as an written composition in bottled water: Implications for waste management
Authors: Kurniawan Aprilian
Published: October 2024

Background: Microplastics are the smallest particles of plastic measuring about 4.8 milliliters and are dangerous to the body due to the chemicals they contain, such as PCBs (Polychlorinated Biphenyls). Microplastics have been identified in various studies, both in aquatic and terrestrial environments, raising concerns about contamination in seafood, beverages (like beer), and more recently, bottled mineral water. Methods: This publication compiles and discusses currently available literature data on microplastic particles found in bottled mineral water. Findings: The discovery of microplastics in bottled mineral water highlights the widespread contamination of microplastics in consumable products, emphasizing the importance of water intake for supporting body metabolism. Conclusion: The identification of microplastics in bottled mineral water underscores the need for greater awareness of the dangers of microplastic contamination and its potential health risks. Novelty/Originality of this article: This article uniquely highlights the underexplored presence of microplastics in bottled mineral water, emphasizing the health risks associated with chemical contaminants like PCBs, and calls for increased awareness and regulatory measures to protect consumer safety.