bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Basic prerequisites for technical inspection of cast-iron lining elements in the construction of Moscow Metro facilities
Authors: Topchiy Dmitriy , Yurgaytis Alexey , Sayadova Julia , Shinkarenko Andrei
Published: May 2020

Dynamic expansion of the extensive network of facilities of the Moscow Metro prompts the development of relevant control techniques that would facilitate the commissioning of transport and related facilities in a timely manner and at an appropriate quality level subject to the effective safety and reliability legislative requirements. This article describes the prerequisites for development of comprehensive technical inspection of metro facilities with reference to the supporting regulatory and technical base. The study primarily deals with the criteria, tolerances and control methods with respect to components of tunnel linings and other underground structures of rapid transit systems due to the apparent great significance of these structures in ensuring safety and reliability of future facilities after commissioning. Arguments are also given for the need for such technical surveying with account of the current situation in terms of the quality of prefabricated linings supplied and used in metro facilities.
Non-contact monitoring for assessing potential bridge damages
Authors: Kovačič Boštjan , Muršec Luka , Toplak Sebastian , Lubej Samo
Published: May 2020

Structural monitoring of objects is primarily executed to assess external and internal effects on the object, in order to ensure the safety of people, animals, and material assets. Such monitoring can be executed through various methods, depending on the object, conditions for execution, and purpose of the monitoring. In this case, the focus is on the execution of the monitoring of Maribor footbridge, where the dynamic effects of the object are monitored. For this purpose, geophone, accelerometer, and geodetic methods—using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Robotic Total Station (RTS) equipment—are used, of which one is controlled by the additional programme GeoComZG. The emphasis of our experiment is on the application of non-contact geodetic methods, with which the measurements of dynamic response are typically performed, as they enable measurements up to 30 and 100 Hz with RTS and GNSS, respectively. In this article, the application of various procedures of non-contact data capture on the footbridge are detailed and a comparison and analysis of the obtained values for monitoring the dynamic response of the structure are presented.
Pomelo export logistics process: modern factors of efficiency (the case of wiang kaen district, chiang rai province, Thailand)
Authors: Sutthachaidee Wannee , Kuosuwan Bavornluck , Kiranantawat Bhuk
Published: May 2020

The objective of this research is to study the logistics process and problems of the quality of pomelos for export in Wiang Kaen district, Chiang Rai province. Applied research methodology was used in this research. In-depth interview was conducted to collect qualitative data. Content analysis was employed to analyze data collected. From the research, it was found that Wiang Kaen Pomelo Community Enterprise for Export has the cultivation area of approximately 1,000 rai (160 ha). The logistics process of pomelos in WiangKaen district can be classified into 3 main phases which are raw materials, cultivation process and finished goods. In raw materials, the most common type of pomelo cultivated is Thongdee. In cultivation process, pomelo trees are planted from May to June. Irrigation is done through sprinklers every 10 days. Fertilizerapplication for trees aged 1-4 years is done by applying chemical fertilizer 15-15-15, 300-500 grams per tree for every 2 months, together with manure. Copper is sprayed to prevent Canker disease. In finished goods, harvesting is carried out in 3 periods. The quality of products will be graded according to weight. Top export markets of pomelos in Wiang Kaen are China, followed by the European Union countries.
Development of Moscow region passenger transport system using discrete mathematics methods
Authors: Vlasov Denis , Rasov Vladislav
Published: May 2020

Transformation of settlement systems, consolidation of existing cities to the level of agglomerations, conurbations and megalopolises require a qualitative change in the transport system. Today Moscow and the Moscow region are in the stage of active development and interaction. The most important issue is to ensure transport connectivity and territory accessibility. The high cost of infrastructure projects and their duration require high-quality justification of decisions to be made. This publication discusses the use of the theory of graphs in the development of Light-Rail-Transit (LRT) systems, which are planned to be used as an element of the new unified transport system of Moscow agglomeration. The materials for the article are data on the existing and planned development of Moscow region settlements, the basis for calculations is the mathematical apparatus of the theory of graphs. The result of the work is represented by recommendations on the use of the theory of graphs for the purposes of substantiation of Moscow region transport system development, as well as main areas for continuing research were determined.
Reducing the severity of a traffic accident
Authors: Dorokhin Sergey , Ivannikov Valery , Yakovlev Konstantin , Shvyriov Andrey , Shemyakin Alexander , Borychev Sergey , Terentyev Alexey
Published: May 2020

Improving the system of preventive measures aimed at reducing the severity of road accidents is an urgent task. Mortality on roads is constantly increasing and it is necessary to ensure an integrated approach to creating safe road conditions. The purpose of this study is to analyze the promising designs of guardrails designed to prevent uncontrolled exit of vehicles from the roadway and the development of crash cushions. Guardrails should not only be safe for road users, but should also ensure their safety, as well as preserve the elements after crashing it. Conducted analytical studies have shown that to reduce the mechanical damage to vehicles and reduce the severity of injuries to the driver and passengers, it is necessary to develop guardrails that allows capturing shock energy at the moment of contact between the car and the guardrails. The considered design of the crash cushion provides a damping effect when the car crashes the guardrails and at the same time limit the ability to move its elements relative to the original position. This is achieved by using several materials with different strength characteristics in the design of the guardrails, which contributes to its gradual destruction in several stages and smooth energy dissipation.
Technical vision for monitoring and diagnostics of the road surface quality in the smart city program
Authors: Gorodnichev Mikhail , Marsova Ekaterina , Gematudinov Rinat , Dzhabrailov Khizar
Published: May 2020

This article is devoted to the research and development of methods for the automated detection of road surface defects in offline mode. The article discusses the problems encountered in the operation of an automated road scanner (ARS), as well as the modernization of the system to solve these problems using computer (machine) vision and a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The work uses deep learning methods and analysis of various architectures of neural networks. About 100 terabytes were collected and tagged to train the neural network for recognizing road defects. It is worth noting that the task of recognizing defects in the roadway is one of the most difficult even for the human eye, since the contours merge with the defect. During the study, a board was developed to collect telemetric data from road scanner devices. To store the collected telemetry characteristics, a large data storage was developed with replication and synchronization functions.
The analysis of the electric vehicle charging infrastructure in Tyumen city
Authors: Gorbunova Anastasia , Anisimov Ilya
Published: May 2020

The development of electric vehicles, which is also observed in the Russian Federation at present, leads to the need to create a charging infrastructure. Variable operating conditions, and in particular low ambient temperature, cause difficulties in the use of electric vehicles, which are associated with a low power reserve and increased energy consumption in the winter. These features of the electric vehicle operation in the Russian Federation can lead to an increase in the number of charging stations needed to create a developed infrastructure, and, therefore, can increase capital costs. The purpose of this research is to identify patterns of the electric vehicle charging station operation in the regional infrastructure using the example of Tyumen city to develop a methodology for calculating their quantity that can satisfy demand in variable climatic conditions with a low capital cost. As a result of this study, patterns of change in the number of charging sessions, its duration and the amount of energy transferred to electric vehicles from the ambient temperature were obtained.
Thermodynamic work in inline piston gasoline engines as a function of crank angle
Authors: Egorov Aleksey , Lysyannikova Natalya , Kaizer Yuri , Tyukanov Vasiliy , Kuznetsov Alexander , Matkerimov Taalaibek , Tsygankova Helena , Tretyakova Katharina
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this research work is to identify the laws of thermodynamic operation in the theoretical cycles of four-stroke inline piston gasoline internal combustion engines (ICE). The main results: dependence of the thermodynamic operation of the working body of ICE in theoretical cycles of four-stroke inline piston gasoline engines as a function of the angle of rotation of the crankshaft; regularities of uneven generation of positive thermodynamic operation in the theoretical cycle of four-stroke inline one-, two-, three -, five-cylinder piston gasoline ICE; regularities of the alternating character of thermodynamic operation in the theoretical cycles of inline four-stroke one -, two -, three -, four - and five-cylinder gasoline piston ICE; regularities of positive thermodynamic operation during the entire theoretical cycle of four-stroke inline six-and eight-cylinder piston gasoline ICE; conditions for uniform pulsation of thermodynamic operation during the entire theoretical cycle of four-stroke inline piston gasoline ICE - the product of the crankshaft angle by the number of cylinders must be 720o (four-cylinder inline with a crankshaft angle of 180o, six-cylinder inline with a crankshaft angle of 120o, eight-cylinder inline with a crankshaft angle of 90o).
Assessment of the concrete part of the contact system supports in the field
Authors: Li Valeriy , Demina Lyudmila , Vlasenko Sergey
Published: May 2020

This article describes the issues of historical tour to the development of the supporting facilities fleet on the electrified railways of Russia; it considers the causal relationships of defect formation in reinforced concrete supports of the contact line. For the given operating conditions, a 3D model of the interior bracket-type reinforced concrete support was created in the SolidWorks software package. Using the SolidWorks Simulation module, the engineering review of the reinforced concrete support tension was made using the developed computation algorithm. 3D images of the support model were visualized from operating loads under design conditions and the values of the strain in the support height subject to the exposure to additional factors.
Synchronization system in wireless sensor networks of oil and gas complex
Authors: Onyshko Dmitry , Fugarov Dmitry , Purchina Olga , Poluyan Anna , Rasteryaev Nikolay , Skakunova Tatyana
Published: May 2020

The aim of this work is to study the synchronization system in wireless sensor networks of remote objects of the oil and gas complex. The objective of the study is to ensure the timely collection of reliable information about the parameters of the process. In the course of the study, methods of theoretical circuitry and mathematical modeling were used, in particular, regression and analytical models, methods of probability theory and mathematical statistics using MathCad and Matlab software packages. The conducted studies indicate a high vulnerability of the radio links of the infocommunication system for monitoring the parameters of remote objects of the oil and gas complex from attacks on the synchronization system when using deterministic synchronization signals in it. The results achieved allow us to provide the specified requirements for reliability and timeliness when deploying modern wireless sensor networks in the oil and gas industry.
Laboratory studies of the dynamic properties of soils of weak bases using the Fourier method
Authors: Kudryavtsev Sergey , Stefanyuk Vladlen
Published: May 2020

The article discusses the cyclic triaxial compression method and the resonance column method for determining the dynamic properties of soils, as well as the Fourier method used to evaluate the spectral composition.
Renovation and improvement of the historical part of the city park
Authors: Polyakova Olga
Published: May 2020

The purpose of renovating the urban territory is to develop a cultural environment, create a promising cognitive landscape object attractive to the population, children and youth, as well as to promote the activation of domestic and inbound tourism. Given that one of the main areas of scientific, technical and production activity in the Samara region of Russia is: development, design, production, operation of aerospace equipment, renovation of the allocated territory is focused on displaying the space. Architectural, design and landscape solutions aimed at creating a set of thematic historical and recreational functional areas on the territory of Cosmonauts Boulevard of the Avtozavodsky District of the city of Togliatti, as well as the Information Center pavilion, including new computer presentation tools, architectural models, were developed. The project is in line with the strategies for socio-economic development of the city and the region until 2030, and is supported by the administrations and public funds of the region.
Organizing bicycle traffic in Moscow to reduce air pollutant concentrations
Authors: Pryadko Igor
Published: May 2020

The objective of this article is to assess the prospects for development of cycling as a mode of transport in major cities in Russia and worldwide. Towards this end, the author addresses bicycle traffic organization patterns in the cities of Europe, South Eastern Asia and South America. The methods, employed in this research project, include sociological data collection, or the polling of urban residents (residents of the Russian capital), the retrospective analysis of sources, including news articles, the comparative historical method and forecasting. In the article, the impact produced on the urban environment, namely, on the surface layers of the urban atmosphere, by the motor traffic is compared with the one produced by the bicycle traffic. The mission of this research project is to analyze development of cycling network routes, parking lots, and accompanying small architectural forms in Moscow. The author employs methods of environmental monitoring to assess the impact produced by the motor transport on the environmental situation in the city. The conclusion is that there is a need to develop the urban walking infrastructure, to expand the urban cycling network, and to convert to the biosphere compatible urban transport.
Prospects of underground parking during the reconstruction in the center of St. Petersburg
Authors: Braila Natalya , Znobishcheva Maria , Panchenko Nikolai , Kostyshak Mikhail
Published: May 2020

The aim of the work is to assess the possibility of underground parking during the reconstruction of objects located in the historical part of St. Petersburg. Using theoretical research methods, an analysis of typical problems during reconstruction with the development of the underground space is carried out, widely used work production technologies are identified, and the experience gained from such construction in St. Petersburg is evaluated. The result of the study was the conclusion about the possibility of constructing in-depth and semi-in-depth parking lots, as well as the reconstruction of existing buildings with underground parking in the central historical part of the city. At the same time, a high probability of significant restrictions or even a ban on reconstruction was noted. In addition, under the constrained conditions of historical development, high-quality, thorough and systematic implementation and monitoring of repair and construction work by professional geotechnicians and builders is required.
Preservation of manor and park ensembles within the capital city and the principles of “green architecture”
Authors: Pryadko Igor , Lebedev Igor
Published: May 2020

The paper deals with certain issues related to the protection and restoration of estate and park complexes located in the territory of the Russian capital. Some legal aspects of this problem are touched upon. Examples include urban capital estates (such as the modernist-style estate owned by industrialists and textile magnates Nosov), as well as country estates formerly centers of local properties owned by representatives of privileged classes of imperial Russia. The history and modern state of the estates of Klenovo, the former estate of the princes of Cherkasy, and Valuevo, which belonged at the beginning of the XIXth century to the county family Musin-Pushkin, and at the end of the XIXth - the beginning of the XXth century belonged to Lepeshkin’s factories, are analyzed in detail. As the main methods, the authors use the method of retrospective analysis of legal sources, media reports, the comparative historical method, and conclusion by analogy.
Analysis of the sustainability level of the natural-territorial complex of the city of Tyumen
Authors: Podkovyrova Marina , Oleynik Anatoliy , Volobueva Olga , Larionova Anastasia
Published: May 2020

In this article, the authors present the results of the analysis of the key components of the natural-territorial complex (NTC) of the city, or the territory, natural, and natural-economic systems of the city. Under the conditions of urban development of the territory, the natural-territorial complex of the city undergoes anthropogenic impact, existing natural systems are modified, internal interconnections are broken, new ones are being formed for the purpose, content and functioning of natural-economic systems, and natural and anthropogenic risks can be manifested. The current conflict between natural and anthropogenic subsystems requires a comprehensive and integrated approach to their assessment [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]. The authors proposed a methodology according to which the level of sustainability of the natural-territorial complex of the city of Tyumen in terms of its urbanization is determined. The methodology includes a hierarchy analysis method, a comprehensive assessment, cluster analysis, sociocultural research, a cartographic method, and a modeling method [5, 8, 9, 10, 11]. The analysis includes ten planning areas (districts) of the city: Bereznyakovsky (1), Tarmansky (2), Parfenovsky (3), Zatyumensky (4), Zarechny (5), Central (6), Gilevsky (7), Verkhneborsky (13), Mysovsky (14), Novoroshchinsky (15). The assessment is presented in more detail on the example of two districts – Central and Zarechny (Fig. 2).
Principles of the formation of tourism and recreation complexes (example of Rozhdestveno, Leningrad Oblast, Russia)
Authors: Kokorina Olga , Perov Fedor , Mangushev Rashid
Published: May 2020

The paper presents research materials and analysis of urban planning factors that influenced decision-making in the formation of projects of tourism and recreation complexes in the Leningrad Oblast. The objective of the study was to identify, analyze and generalize the historical and cultural potential of the territory, the totality of factors affecting the development and attraction of people to this territory, and the formation of a rich, comfortable residential and tourist environment.
Integrating information and navigation system in architectural landscapes of preserve-museums
Authors: Riadova Maria
Published: May 2020

The paper discusses the types of information and navigation systems, the analysis of their interaction with the architectural landscape, the criteria for developing optimal placement options. Relevance of the work is caused by the need of ensuring the availability of the environment for various visitors, to expand tourist routes. Study objective: to identify the main trends and patterns of the use of navigation systems in historical parks. Methods: archive-bibliographic, cartographic, field studies, analytical. Results: world and domestic examples of park navigation systems are analyzed, typology is performed.
Spatial development of Orthodox temple construction in Petrograd and its environs by 1917
Authors: Sementsov Sergey
Published: May 2020

The present paper discusses the results of comprehensive historical-and-archive, cartographic, bibliographic and morphological study on the development stage of Orthodox temple construction in Saint Petersburg and surrounding areas at the beginning of 1917. The integral spatial area of citizens’ seasonal life was identified, within the boundaries of which the common trend of Orthodox temple placing was formed. This area included Saint Petersburg, its suburban police districts, the nearest territories, called uyezds, and the following towns under royal administration: Gatchina, Krasnoye Selo, Pavlovsk, Petergof, Oranienbaum, Strelna, Tsarskoye Selo. This integral metropolitan functional area had in total 987 cathedrals, churches, chapels and kiots; particularly in Saint Petersburg there were 676 temples, which meant that approximately each twelve developed land plots had one temple. Such an extraordinary territorial density of placing temples formed a special multilayer system of visual and skyline composition of town planning, which completely differs from a modern one that appeared after mass destructions of 1920 – 1960.
Provisions of urban reconstruction in general plan of Leningrad development in 1966: ideas and results
Authors: Vaitens Andrey , Pastukh Olga , Volkov Viktor , Mityagin Sergey
Published: May 2020

The analysis of the results of reconstructive design in Leningrad in the 1960s and 70s is summarized in order to use this experience in modern conditions for the renovation of residential quarters of the historical centre of St. Petersburg, as well as to solve the problem of renovation of historical quarters at the city, quarter and object levels. The problems of design and implementation are considered: historical blocks do not meet modern standards of living, insufficient intra-block insolation, lack of sufficient landscaping and Parking spaces, residential buildings that form blocks are overpopulated. The General plan for the development of Leningrad in 1966 indicated the need for protective zoning of the historical centre.
Methodological foundations of assessment of the impact of State construction supervision during reprofiling big urban areas
Authors: Tokarsky Andrey , Topchiy Dmitry , Ekba Sergey , Bolgov Vyacheslav , Gorochov Alexandr
Published: May 2020

The stage of construction is one of the main compulsory periods of the life cycle in the formation of construction end-products – capital construction projects of various functional purposes. The compulsory assessment of conformity of buildings and structures, as well as design construction, installation, setting up and recycling (demolition) processes associated with buildings and structures is conducted in Russia in the form of state construction supervision. An assessment results in a document certifying conformity of the actual indicators with the requirements of design, normative (industrial) and legislative documents. Conformity is assessed in accordance with procedural rules depending on the functional purpose of the capital construction project. There are two conformity assessment forms that appear to be similar: “construction inspection” and “state construction supervision”. They both characterize an approach used to assess the conformity of activities of participants in the construction operations (customers, developers, contractors) on formation of construction end-products – capital construction projects. These terms differ in so far as the construction inspection implies control by the customer of operations of contractors. State construction supervision authorities undertake supervisory (including inspection) activities in order to identify and crack down on violations of the requirements of technological regulations or other normative legal acts and design documents, committed by the key players in the construction investment activities (customer, developer, contractors), with the involvement of state authorities.
Architecture of small Ukrainian and Mexican schools between XIX-XX centuries
Authors: Veres Mariia , Oliynyk Olena
Published: May 2020

This article reports scientific and typological analysis of Ukrainian and Mexican architecture of small school buildings of the late XIX - early XX centuries in domestic art criticism in the context of comparative analysis. It analyzes national examples of small school buildings of Ukraine and Mexico which are of primary importance for understanding the architectural and artistic processes which took place in our territories at the end of the XIX - early XX centuries. The requirements that were met by this new architecture were significant progress in construction that addressed social needs through school buildings that allowed political action of the new regime. A new, relevant system was formed in the context of education policy and the pedagogical program, which justified its use in the post-revolutionary movement. Therefore, construction projects took into account the needs of working classes, agricultural and urban population. In these projects, interiors and typical designing of preschool areas are provided, advanced engineering, constructive and hygienic solutions are used, therefore they are a rather interesting phenomenon of Ukrainian and Mexican architectural design and are of great significance for the world architectural history.
Restoring pieces of architectural heritage as a factor contributing to biosphere compatible urban space development
Authors: Pryadko Igor
Published: May 2020

The mission of the research is to study the main problems, arising in the course of restoring pieces of architectural heritage in the age of globalization and fast-paced expansion of urban areas, and to identify the influence produced by traditional built-up areas on formation of a biosphere compatible urban environment. In the 21st century, destruction threats in respect of pieces of architectural heritage aggravate due to their exposure to aggressive environments. Principal research methods, employed by the author, include the retrospective analysis of sources of law, media posts, and a comparative historical method. The following findings were obtained in the course of the research: firstly, it was identified that historic buildings serve as screens preventing the psychological decline of urban areas. Secondly, the author proved that this decline was a consequence of the destruction ideology that found its adherents both in the 20th and 21st centuries. Thirdly, the author offered the key to solving this problem: the solution is to enhance the training of future restorers and urban planners at universities of architecture and civil engineering. The events, delivered at the Moscow state university of civil engineering, may serve as an example.
Features of the formation of the St. Petersburg agglomeration by the beginning of the XX century
Authors: Sementsov Sergey , Zavarikhin Svetozar , Kurbatov Yuryi , Pukharenko Yuryi
Published: May 2020

The study of the Russian historical St. Petersburg agglomeration at all stages from its foundation (from 1703) until the final imperial stage (1917) required the use of complex functional, urban-planning and landscape, socio-economic, environmental, transport and communication analysis on the basis of data from archives, historical cartography and iconography. The main results were the conclusions that during the XVIII - early XX centuries, there was a crystallization of a huge agglomeration around the city of St. Petersburg, which included three belts: “external”, “middle”, “nearby”, which spatially extended from Yaroslavl (in Central Russia) to Riga (in the Baltic). The paper discusses the features of the formation of the “nearby belt” of agglomeration in the initial (1703 - January 1725) and in the final (1901-1916) development periods. The study revealed a significant role of special types of objects in these processes - estates of the aristocratic society and “garden cities” that provided a belt (around St. Petersburg and the largest settlements and complexes), linear (along radial and ring highways), and nodal (around individual large settlements) construction, spreading in the latitudinal direction from Narva and Ivangorod to the mouth of the Syas river, and in the meridian direction - from Vyborg to the city of Luga. Within the boundaries of this agglomeration zone, four sub-agglomerations had begun to emerge since the 1710s and have fully formed by the 1910s. The materials of the paper can be useful both for historians of urban planning and for modern urbanists.
Conformity of pre-design studies on Lakhta-Center influence on the Saint Petersburg historical panorama and scenery spots
Authors: Fedorov Oleg , Lobanov Yury
Published: May 2020

The present study is aimed to identify influence of Lakhta-Center visibility by means of photofixation results' analysis and their comparison with the results of the landscape and visual analysis performed by the Saint Petersburg Regional Committee of the International Council on Monuments and Sights (ICOMOS), report on research of Lakhta-Center high-rise dominant visibility influence on Saint Petersburg protected panoramas (2012), and assessment analysis of requested deviations' influence on formation of compositional and environmental characteristics of the urban environment based on a 3D reference model of the Saint Petersburg territory (2011). The study is supported by actual photos of cityscapes, thus, allowing assessing the situation reasonably and rationally. The performed work resulted in graphic materials, including photos and maps with reviews and classification of Lakhta-Center visibility upon perception of the main city panoramas from the tourist route combining the most popular sights of the city.
Directions for preservation and popularization of cultural heritage objects of Crimea peninsula
Authors: Zhivitsa Victoriia , Sidorova Victoriia , Mosyakin Dmitry
Published: May 2020

“Everyone is obliged to take care of the preservation of historical and cultural heritage, to preserve historical and cultural monuments” (Article 44 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation). The study is aimed at considering the most promising methods of safekeeping, maintenance, popularization and museum presentation of cultural heritage. When working on the study, the methods of theoretical analysis and synthesis and the analogy method were used. The authors have identified and analyzed applied areas of safekeeping, maintenance, popularization and modern use of cultural heritage objects, namely: monuments of archeology, architecture and urban planning. Various techniques for inclusion of such objects in the modern socio-cultural and architectural-urban context were analysed. Criteria are selected for choosing monuments of architecture, urban planning and archeology for museification, as well as for their introduction into the tourist and recreational infrastructure of the region. Also the scenario of attracting the population, in particular youth, to the problem of preservation of cultural heritage objects is considered. The authors propose improvement of territory and construction of modular youth centers, and organization of cultural and entertainment events (festivals, exhibitions, historical quests, thematic fairs, performances) near or in the territory of the monument protection zones.
Influence of the angle of the bath bottom inclination in ergot isolation device on grain immersion in a liquid
Authors: Saitov Viktor , Farafonov Vyacheslav , Saitov Aleksey
Published: May 2020

For the mechanization of the allocation of toxic ergot from the rye seeds in a wet way, the urgent issue is the development of a device containing a bath with an aqueous solution of salt. The aim of the study is to determine the influence of the angle of inclination of the bottom of the bath on the rate of immersion of grains in the fluid of the device for separating ergot from rye seeds, which will ensure the efficiency of the process. Theoretically, we consider the movement of individual rye grains along the inclined surface of the bottom of the bath of the ergot extraction device. Rye grains have a density ρz = (1.2...1.5)·103 kg/m3, a length lz = (5.0. 10.0)·10-3 m, a width b = (1.4...3.6)·10-3 m, and a thickness δ = (1.2 3.5)·10-3 m. Geometric models of these grains are presented in the form of cylindrical and spheroidal grains. The movement of grain on the surface of the bottom of the bath of an ergot extraction device is considered at angles of inclination α = 27, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 degrees by the methods of mathematical modeling, classical mechanics using the laws of hydrodynamics. It was established that the angle α of the slope of the surface of the bottom of the bathtub to the horizontal should be taken at least 650, at which accumulation is excluded due to the rapid rolling of the grain and a decrease in the thickness of its layer.
Comparative biological and antiquorum activity of extracts of lamiaceae plants, grown in the Russian Federation
Authors: Duskaev Galimzhan , Deryabin Dmitry , Kosyan Dianna , Rusakova Elena , Inchagova Kseniya , Kvan Olga
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study was to assess the biological activity and antiquorum activity of extracts of Lamiaceae plants. Material and methods. Extracts of 4 medicinal plants of the Lamiáceae were used as test substances. Bioluminescent analysis were used on the model Escherichia coli MG1655 and antiquorum activity of medicinal plant extracts - on the model Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 31532. Result. An analysis of the bioluminescent testing of Mentha piperita leaf aqueous extract showed no toxic effect throughout the entire record period over the entire concentration range. Low concentrations of analyte (0.625 mg/ml - 0.0097 mg/ml) cause a slight induction of lux-operon. Sālvia officinālis extract showed a slight antibacterial effect on the tested strain (EC50 = 10 mg/ml). The effect is achieved after 50-60 minutes of contact of microbial cells with components of Sālvia officinālis extract and persists until the end of the analyzed period of time (180 minutes). Extract of Oríganum vulgáre showed a decrease in the level of luminescence by 30% when the analyte was exposed to a concentration of 10 mg/ml. The extract of Thýmus serpýllum showed a pronounced antibacterial effect on the test organism, with a maximum concentration of 10 mg/ml, a 50% inhibition of luminescence is observed. All the tested compounds in subinhibitory concentrations suppressed the quorum-dependent biosynthesis of violacein.
Acoustic pressure contributions of a combine harvester’s thresher drum to the overall workplace noise situation
Authors: Stepanov Valentin , Kireev Sergey , Korchagina Marina
Published: May 2020

This paper analyzes the magnitude of the acoustic pressure contribution of a combine harvester’s thresher drum to the overall noise situation with the goal of providing the regulatory parameters for the workplace conditions. In the course of the current research the velocity and pressure graphics for the airflow on the parts of a rotating thresher drum as well as the sound intensity parameters by frequency spectra and sound pressure magnitudes were calculated.
Toxic effects of various zinc dosages on poultry hemopoiesis
Authors: Vishnyakov Aleksandr
Published: May 2020

The aim of the study was to determine the main patterns of the manifestation of the toxic effect of zinc chloride on the cells of the red bone marrow in the first three days after exposure. Our experiment involved broiler chickens of the “Smena-7” cross. The work presents new data on the effects of zinc salts in doses of 40 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg on the hemopoietic cells of the red bone marrow of birds at the ultrastructural level. Thus, the results of the study showed zinc poisoning of chickens even within 1-3 days led to damage to bone marrow cells. The cytoplasm of blood-forming and stromal cells of the bone marrow detects mostly signs of destructive processes, which are amplified as the duration and the dose of exposure increase. At the same time, the structure of cell nuclei often gets changed in the bone marrow. Emerging morphological signs indicate a decrease in the transcription of ribosomal RNA genes of bone marrow cells. In the bone marrow, the number of basophil erythrokaryocytes increases and the number of hemoglobinized forms of red blood cells decreases. Zinc mainly causes disorders of morpho-functional structures in erythroblasts and mature cells of other bone marrow cell lines.
Development of Russian selection and seed production under the Federal scientific and technical program for agricultural development
Authors: Nemenushchaya Lyudmila , Konovalenko Lyudmila , Shchegolikhina Tatiana
Published: May 2020

The paper analyzes the preparation and status of draft of subprograms of the Federal scientific and technical program for agricultural development for 2017-2025 (FSTP) on selection and seed production in crop production. The measures taken by the subjects of the Russian Federation for the purpose of implementing the FSTP subprograms, as well as a well-founded method for selecting potential customers for complex scientific and technical projects (CSTP), are presented. Recommendations have been prepared and suggestions have been made for selecting potential customers of the CSTP of FSTP. The analysis of the results of higher education institutions subordinated to the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia as potential participants of the CSTP in the field of selection and seed production of agricultural crops is given.
Evaluation of new rice varieties in the conditions of climate change
Authors: Dzhamirze Ruslan , Ostapenko Nadezhda , Garkusha Sergey , Chinchenko Natalya
Published: May 2020

In obtaining stable and high rice yields, the leading role belongs to the use of the best varieties, harmoniously combining productivity and technological indicators of grain and milled rice quality, adapted for cultivation in the main rice-growing regions. Therefore, the aim of our research is to evaluate new rice genotypes by a set of economically valuable traits that can replace obsolete varieties in the sowing area of the region and the country as a whole for industry efficiency. Experimental plots of competitive variety testing (CVT) were laid on the territory of the rice irrigation system of the experimental production department of the Federal Scientific Rice Centre, Belozerny, Krasnodar region for three years. The results are processed by analysis of variance and correlation analysis. All new varieties formed dense panicles of 10.0-11.9 pcs / cm with a sufficient number of fertile spikelets 139.7-165.9 pcs. on average, which is responsible for the high grain content of agrophytocenosis 44.1-58.2 thousand units/m2. Hence the high grain yield - 9.2-10.2 t / ha with a good combination of the main technological indicators - the mass of 1000 grains and head rice content. The closeness of the interconnections of the main economically valuable traits and the heat supply of the growing season is determined. Four varieties (except VNIIR 10284) show a neutral yield response to one of the main factors of external influence on the plant - the sum of effective temperatures above 15 ° C. According to the results of the test, for three years in CVT and in the environmental testing, the variety Romans was transferred to State variety testing, VNIIR 10279 is being prepared for transfer.
Revisiting weed infestation of agricultural lands from zones near utility poles
Authors: Zhichkin Kirill , Nosov Vladimir , Zhichkina Lyudmila , Shlenov Yury , Melnikova Yulia , Aydinov Halin
Published: May 2020

Field research of land lots over a 4865 ha area has demonstrated that the main sources of agricultural lands infestation are raw pieces of land (inarable lands), wood lines, dirt roads or indigested manure, used as organic fertilizer. The specific weight of weeds patches around the power line support is less than 0.013% of all weeds sources, suggesting that there is a minimum damage to agricultural crops, compared to other sources of weeds distribution in the given area. The authors of the paper propose to use chemical treatment with non-selective herbicides as the most effective measure of weeds control around the utility poles, at a cost, according to the results of the research, of 0.21 rub/ha. As a result, the issue of compensation payments to agricultural producers from energy companies should be defined by the cost value of chemical treatment of agricultural lands in zones near utility poles.
The use of biologically active substances in the composition of organic fertilizers in the cultivation of tomatoes in greenhouses
Authors: Selivanova Maria , Aysanov Timur , Romanenko Elena , Mironova Elena , Esaulko Natalia , German Maria
Published: May 2020

The purpose of the research is to study the effect of biologically active substances in organic fertilizers on the productivity of tomato Sherami F1 in a winter greenhouse. The production experience was laid in a winter glazed greenhouse, which is located in the sixth light zone.The objects of research were cherry tomato plants Sherami F1, organic fertilizers 5AP, Maxifol Rutfarm, Nutrimir 4-4-10, Quick-Link. In the experiment, the average plant growth per week, the height of the plants, the number of leaves, the number of brushes collected and the average weight of the fetus, the chemical composition of the plants and yield were determined. The largest growth in a week and the tallest plants were obtained with Quick-Link; the most brushes collected and the largest fruits - when applying fertilizer 5AP. The use of organic fertilizers contributed to the better absorption of macronutrients by tomato plants from a nutrient solution: the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the leaves and fruits increased relative to the control. When using biologically active substances in organomineral fertilizers, tomato productivity increased by 1.1-2.7 kg/m2 compared to the control, and the biochemical composition of the fruits improved.
Genotypical features of the exterior development of Hereford bull-calves
Authors: Kolpakov Vladimir , Ruchay Aleksey , Dzhulamanov Kinispay , Gerasimov Nikolay
Published: May 2020

An analysis of previous years shows that there is a gradual increase in the rate of breeding and pedigree work, its intensification, which is caused primarily by the implementation of new methods of biotechnology and population genetics. In this regard, the improvement and development of new criteria for cow evaluation taking into account created highly productive lines, types, and populations are relevant for science and practice. There was carried out scientific and economic research in order to characterize the main indicators of the breeding value of cows that belong to the created hornless Ural-type Hereford breed of domestic breeding. The influence of these indicators on the formation of the productivity of bull-calf progenies fell under the characterization as well. There were formed five groups of full-aged cows (5-8 years) different in productive qualities to determine the influence of the productive value of mother cows on the pedigree and productive qualities of progenies. Cows of all groups were inseminated by the deep-frozen seed of Hereford bull of the “elite-record” class produced by Golub 4168. Five groups of experimental bull-calves were formed by the method of groups-analogs from the resulting progeny. The analysis of weight and linear growth of the progeny bull-calves showed that all the animals normally developed being characterized with the general patterns of ontogenesis. At the same time, bull-calf progenies of cows different in productive value were inherent in some features - the average live weight of bulls of group III was larger than those of its peers from groups I, II, IV, and V by 27.4 kg (6.3 %, P>0.95), 64.1 kg (16.1 %, P>0.999), 28.9 kg (6.6 %, P>0.95), and 47.4 kg (11.4 %, P>0.999), respectively.
Use of biodiesel in Russian agricultural production
Authors: Zhichkin Kirill , Nosov Vladimir , Zhichkina Lyudmila , Burlankov Petr , Ponomareva Liliya , Ponomarev Evgeniy
Published: May 2020

The use of biodiesel in agricultural production is a prerequisite for reducing the cost price of manufactured goods. The purpose of the study is to identify how much equipment does the subject of the Russian Federation need for biodiesel production taking into consideration the structure of crop acreage, existing equipment, and available technologies. In the Samara region, a technology for production of biodiesel from vegetable oils was developed. Based on the needs in diesel fuel, a number of facilities needed for biodiesel production were determined. The amount of diesel fuel used for cultivation of the Samara region crop acreage was 77.1 thousand tons. To meet the needs of the region and reduce transportation costs, 5 biodiesel units should be located in every natural economic zone of the Samara region.
Russia’s food security: obstacles to development
Authors: Loginov Dmitri
Published: May 2020

Since 2010, the Russian Federation has developed a practice of adopting and implementing the food security doctrine. The adoption of this normative legal act allowed us to establish a clear framework for the country’s food security criteria, and to specify the risks and threats to national food security. The adoption of a new version of the Russian food security doctrine in 2020 makes it possible to more purposefully influence potential threats to the country’s food security and solve a wider range of tasks for ensuring Russia’s food security in a comprehensive manner
Influence of the state of meat market development on food self-sufficiency of the Russian Federation
Authors: Kopteva Lyudmila , Shabalina Lyudmila
Published: May 2020

The purpose of the study is to reveal the aspects of food self-sufficiency and the state of development of the meat products market of the Russian Federation. Objectives of the study. To analyze the current state of the development of the market for meat products and its influence on food self-sufficiency of the Russian Federation. Methods. In the course of the study, the following methods were used: methods of theoretical generalization and comparison, analysis and synthesis, methods of multivariate statistical analysis (for studying the state of the market of information and communication technologies in Russia).