bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biological release of phosphorus is more efficient from activated than from aerobic granular sludge
Authors: Cydzik-Kwiatkowska Agnieszka , Nosek Dawid
Published: July 2020

Sewage sludge is a rich source of phosphorus. The kinetics of orthophosphate release and the efficiency of phosphorus recovery from aerobic granular sludge (GS) and activated sludge (AS) were compared at external organics (F) to biomass (M) ratios that ranged from 0 to 0.10. Changes in the F/M ratio affected orthophosphates release from AS to a greater extent than their release from GS. On average, increasing the F/M ratio by 0.02 increased the rate of phosphorus release from AS and GS by 2.12 and 1.75 mg P/(L h), respectively. Phosphorus release was highest at an F/M ratio of 0.04 (114.03 and 60.71 mg P/L from AS and GS, respectively). The efficiency of phosphorus recovery from AS ranged from 51.3 to 56.1%; the efficiency of its recovery from GS ranged from 32.8 to 37.5%. From GS, mostly inorganic phosphorus was released (about 8.5 mg/g MLSS), most of which was NAIP, i.e. phosphorus bound to Fe, Mn and Al. At a stoichiometric dose of MgO to PO43−, the precipitation efficiency was 30.13% ± 4.51 with uncontrolled pH and reached 81.73% ± 0.17 at a controlled pH of 10.
Genome-wide identification, and characterization of the CDPK gene family reveal their involvement in abiotic stress response in Fragaria x ananassa
Authors: Crizel Rosane Lopes , Perin Ellen Cristina , Vighi Isabel Lopes , Woloski Rafael , Seixas Amilton , da Silva Pinto Luciano , Rombaldi César Valmor , Galli Vanessa
Published: July 2020

Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are encoded by a large gene family and play important roles against biotic and abiotic stresses and in plant growth and development. To date, little is known about the CDPK genes in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa). In this study, analysis of Fragaria x ananassa CDPK gene family was performed, including gene structures, phylogeny, interactome and expression profiles. Nine new CDPK genes in Fragaria x ananassa were identified based on RNA-seq data. These identified strawberry FaCDPK genes were classified into four main groups, based on the phylogenetic analysis and structural features. FaCDPK genes were differentially expressed during fruit development and ripening, as well as in response to abiotic stress (salt and drought), and hormone (abscisic acid) treatment. In addition, the interaction network analysis pointed out proteins involved in the ABA-dependent response to plant stress via Ca2+ signaling, especially RBOHs. To our knowledge, this is the first report on CDPK families in Fragaria x ananassa, and it will provide valuable information for development of biofortified fruits and stress tolerant plants.
Unusual electronic excitations in ABA trilayer graphene
Authors: Lin Chiun-Yan , Ho Ching-Hong , Wu Jhao-Ying , Lin Ming-Fa
Published: July 2020

The tight-binding model is closely associated with the modified random-phase approximation to thoroughly explore the electron–electron interactions in trilayer AB-stacked graphene. The intralayer and interlayer atomic/Coulomb interactions dominate the collective and electron–hole excitations. The unusual energy bands are directly reflected in the diverse transferred momentum–frequency phase diagrams. There exist three kinds of plasmon modes during the variation of the doping level, being accompanied with the complicated intraband and interband single-particle excitations. The excitation behaviors are greatly diversified by the number of layers. The theoretical predictions require the high-resolution experimental examinations.
Trait and state anxiety are mapped differently in the human brain
Authors: Saviola Francesca , Pappaianni Edoardo , Monti Alessia , Grecucci Alessandro , Jovicich Jorge , De Pisapia Nicola
Published: July 2020

Anxiety is a mental state characterized by an intense sense of tension, worry or apprehension, relative to something adverse that might happen in the future. Researchers differentiate aspects of anxiety into state and trait, respectively defined as a more transient reaction to an adverse situation, and as a more stable personality attribute in experiencing events. It is yet unclear whether brain structural and functional features may distinguish these aspects of anxiety. To study this, we assessed 42 healthy participants with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and then investigated with MRI to characterize structural grey matter covariance and resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC). We found several differences in the structural–functional patterns across anxiety types: (1) trait anxiety was associated to both structural covariance of Default Mode Network (DMN), with an increase in dorsal nodes and a decrease in its ventral part, and to rs-FC of DMN within frontal regions; (2) state anxiety, instead, was widely related to rs-FC of Salience Network and of DMN, specifically in its ventral nodes, but not associated with any structural pattern. In conclusion, our study provides evidence of a neuroanatomical and functional distinction between state and trait anxiety. These neural features may be additional markers in future studies evaluating early diagnosis or treatment effects.
Use of flash glucose monitoring for post-bariatric hypoglycaemia diagnosis and management
Authors: Lobato Carolina B. , Pereira Sofia S. , Guimarães Marta , Morais Tiago , Oliveira Pedro , de Carvalho Jorge P. M. , Nora Mário , Monteiro Mariana P.
Published: July 2020

Our aim was to assess the potential of flash glucose monitoring (FGM) for diagnostic workup of suspected post-bariatric hypoglycaemia (PBH). Patients (N = 13) with suspected PBH underwent a food and symptoms diary (FSD) record along with FGM over 14 days. Targeted data analysis confirmed the occurrence of low glucose events in parallel to meal-triggered symptoms. Glycaemic variability, as assessed by Mean Absolute Glucose change (MAG change), was increased, while a higher risk of glycaemic excursions towards both hyper and hypoglycaemia (ADRRFGMGT) was observed in those with more frequent and severe hypoglycaemia. The herein described hypoglycaemia risk index (LBGIFGMGT) with a cut-off value of 4.6 showed to have 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for PBH. This pilot proof-of-concept study highlighted that FSD coupled with FGM followed by targeted data analysis, provides relevant insights towards PBH diagnosis and grading in a user-friendly and easy to implement study protocol. Furthermore, LBGIFGMGT demonstrated to be an excellent index for PBH diagnosis. The unexpected improvement of glucose profile noticed along the monitoring time also unravels a possible application for PBH management.
Carbon-based ruthenium nanomaterial-based electroanalytical sensors for the detection of anticancer drug Idarubicin
Authors: Kaya S. Irem , Kurbanoglu Sevinc , Yavuz Ejmer , Demiroglu Mustafov Sibel , Sen Fatih , Ozkan Sibel A.
Published: July 2020

In this work, a novel nanosensing platform was suggested based on ruthenium for the sensitive determination of Idarubicin anticancer drugs. Ruthenium/Vulcan carbon-based nanoparticles were synthesized ultrasonication method and then characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mean particle size of the nanoparticles calculated by the TEM analysis was found to be 1.98 nm ± 0.29 nm, and the Ru nanoparticles were mostly dispersed on the support material. Glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface was modified with Ruthenium/Vulcan carbon-based nanomaterials (Ru@VC), and characterization of the nanosensor was performed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values were found as 9.25 × 10–9 M and 2.8 × 10–8 M in buffer samples. To demonstrate the applicability and validity of developed nanosensor, it was used for the determination of Idarubicin in Idamen®IV (10 mg/10 mL vial) and human serum sample. The results of recovery studies showed that the Ru@VC/GCE nanosensor was free from excipient interferences in the dosage forms of injection, and it can be successfully applied to biological samples.
Role of the activation peptide in the mechanism of protein C activation
Authors: Stojanovski Bosko M. , Pelc Leslie A. , Di Cera Enrico
Published: July 2020

Protein C is a natural anticoagulant activated by thrombin in a reaction accelerated by the cofactor thrombomodulin. The zymogen to protease conversion of protein C involves removal of a short activation peptide that, relative to the analogous sequence present in other vitamin K-dependent proteins, contains a disproportionately high number of acidic residues. Through a combination of bioinformatic, mutagenesis and kinetic approaches we demonstrate that the peculiar clustering of acidic residues increases the intrinsic disorder propensity of the activation peptide and adversely affects the rate of activation. Charge neutralization of the acidic residues in the activation peptide through Ala mutagenesis results in a mutant activated by thrombin significantly faster than wild type. Importantly, the mutant is also activated effectively by other coagulation factors, suggesting that the acidic cluster serves a protective role against unwanted proteolysis by endogenous proteases. We have also identified an important H-bond between residues T176 and Y226 that is critical to transduce the inhibitory effect of Ca2+ and the stimulatory effect of thrombomodulin on the rate of zymogen activation. These findings offer new insights on the role of the activation peptide in the function of protein C.
Effect of network topology and node centrality on trading
Authors: Cardoso Felipe Maciel , Gracia-Lázaro Carlos , Moisan Frederic , Goyal Sanjeev , Sánchez Ángel , Moreno Yamir
Published: July 2020

Global supply networks in agriculture, manufacturing, and services are a defining feature of the modern world. The efficiency and the distribution of surpluses across different parts of these networks depend on the choices of intermediaries. This paper conducts price formation experiments with human subjects located in large complex networks to develop a better understanding of the principles governing behavior. Our first experimental finding is that prices are larger and that trade is significantly less efficient in small-world networks as compared to random networks. Our second experimental finding is that location within a network is not an important determinant of pricing. An examination of the price dynamics suggests that traders on cheapest—and hence active—paths raise prices while those off these paths lower them. We construct an agent-based model (ABM) that embodies this rule of thumb. Simulations of this ABM yield macroscopic patterns consistent with the experimental findings. Finally, we extrapolate the ABM on to significantly larger random and small-world networks and find that network topology remains a key determinant of pricing and efficiency.
Dynamics of the lung microbiome in intensive care patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Huang Wei-Chang , Wu Ming-Feng , Huang Chen-Cheng , Liu Sin-Yin , Chen Hui-Chen , Chen Yih-Yuan , Hsu Jeng-Yuan , Huang Chieh-Chen
Published: July 2020

Little is known about the composition and clinical implications of lung microbiome in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and community-acquired pneumonia requiring invasive mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit admission. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the longitudinal changes in microbial airway composition and its variations between COPD patients with different weaning outcomes. Fifty-one endotracheal aspirate samples from 21 participants and 5 saline samples were collected as the patient and control group, respectively. Sequence analysis revealed significant increases and upward trends in the relative abundance of the Acinetobacter genus and Acinetobacter baumannii complex species in paired comparisons of sampling points and over time, respectively, in patients with failed weaning (p for trend = 0.012 and 0.012, respectively) but not in those with successful weaning (p for trend = 0.335 and 0.426, respectively). Furthermore, significant changes in the composition of the bacterial community were observed in paired comparisons of sampling points in patients with failed weaning compared with those with successful weaning. The alpha diversity did not differ between the patients with different weaning outcomes. These results further the understanding of longitudinal airway microbiome structure analysis and its clinical implications when managing critically ill patients with and without COPD.
Publisher Correction: Levels of heavy metals in wastewater and soil samples from open drainage channels in Nairobi, Kenya: community health implication
Authors: Kinuthia Geoffrey K. , Ngure Veronica , Beti Dunstone , Lugalia Reuben , Wangila Agnes , Kamau Luna
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: The LRRC8-mediated volume-regulated anion channel is altered in glaucoma
Authors: Gasull Xavier , Castany Marta , Castellanos Aida , Rezola Mikel , Andrés-Bilbé Alba , Canut Maria Isabel , Estévez Raúl , Borrás Teresa , Comes Núria
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Neurocognitive Signatures of Naturalistic Reading of Scientific Texts: A Fixation-Related fMRI Study
Authors: Hsu Chun-Ting , Clariana Roy , Schloss Benjamin , Li Ping
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
From the butterfly effect to spontaneous stochasticity in singular shear flows
Authors: Thalabard Simon , Bec Jérémie , Mailybaev Alexei A.
Published: July 2020

The butterfly effect is today commonly identified with the sensitive dependence of deterministic chaotic systems upon initial conditions. However, this is only one facet of the notion of unpredictability pioneered by Lorenz, who actually predicted that multiscale fluid flows could spontaneously lose their deterministic nature and become intrinsically random. This effect, which is radically different from chaos, have remained out of reach for detailed physical observations. Here we show that this scenario is inherent to the elementary Kelvin–Helmholtz hydrodynamical instability of an initially singular shear layer. We moreover provide evidence that the resulting macroscopic flow displays universal statistical properties that are triggered by, but independent of specific physical properties at micro-scales. This spontaneous stochasticity is interpreted as an Eulerian counterpart to Richardson’s relative dispersion of Lagrangian particles, giving substance to the intrinsic nature of randomness in turbulence.
O-MoS2/Mn0.5Cd0.5S composites with enhanced activity for visible-light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Yang Xuanxuan , Guo Yu , Lou Yongbing , Chen Jinxi
Published: July 2020

The reaction mechanism of O-MoS2/Mn0.5Cd0.5S for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is put forward and the satisfactory hydrogen production rate of the optimized composite is superior to most of the Mn–Cd–S based catalysts reported.
A nitrogen-doped carbon-coated silicon carbide as a robust and highly efficient metal-free catalyst for sour gas desulfurization in the presence of aromatics as contaminants
Authors: Duong-Viet Cuong , Nhut Jean-Mario , Truong-Huu Tri , Tuci Giulia , Nguyen-Dinh Lam , Liu Yuefeng , Pham Charlotte , Giambastiani Giuliano , Pham-Huu Cuong
Published: July 2020

A mesoporous N-doped carbon coating for SiC extrudates shows excellent H2S desulfurization performance along with remarkably high resistance towards deactivation/fouling in the presence of aromatics as contaminant.
Sonochemical synthesis of microscale Zn(ii)-MOF with dual Lewis basic sites for fluorescent turn-on detection of Al3+ and methanol with low detection limits
Authors: Wiwasuku Theanchai , Othong Jintana , Boonmak Jaursup , Ervithayasuporn Vuthichai , Youngme Sujittra
Published: July 2020

A microscale Zn-MOF containing dual Lewis basic sites for the efficient bifunctional fluorescent detection of Al3+ and methanol.
SDC/OS-LDH composite for highly sensitive fluorescence detection of Fe3+ at a much lower concentration
Authors: Guo Rong , Li Jian , Chen Lihong , Yu Zihuan , Yao Huiqin , Shi Keren , Li Cuiqing , Ma Shulan
Published: July 2020

The significantly quenched luminescence of delaminated SDC/OS-LDH when contacted with Fe3+ can sensitively detect trace amounts of Fe3+.
Clever use of natural clay materials in the synthesis of non-symmetric carbonates by utilizing CO2as a feedstock: Ag/attapulgite nano-catalyst
Authors: Guo Ruixiang , Wang Gang , Liu Weisheng
Published: July 2020

We design a heterogeneous catalyst by taking advantage of the unique structure of Attapulgite and its ability to absorb CO2, Ag/Attapulgite Nano-catalyst, which has high activity and stability in in the CO2fixation reaction.
Effect of enzyme immobilization andin vitrodigestion on the immune-reactivity and sequence of IgE epitopes in egg white proteins
Authors: Gazme Behzad , Rezaei Karamatollah , Udenigwe Chibuike C.
Published: July 2020

Immune-reactivity reduction of egg white proteins by free and immobilized enzymes and determination of degraded IgE epitopes.
Functionalized boron nanosheets as an intelligent nanoplatform for synergistic low-temperature photothermal therapy and chemotherapy
Authors: Fu Zi , Williams Gareth R. , Niu Shiwei , Wu Jianrong , Gao Feng , Zhang Xuejing , Yang Yanbo , Li Yu , Zhu Li-Min
Published: July 2020

In this work, an innovative boron-based multifunctional nanoplatform was developed for synergistic chemotherapy/photothermal therapy.
Nanocomposite desalination membranes made of aromatic polyamide with cellulose nanofibers: synthesis, performance, and water diffusion study
Authors: Cruz-Silva Rodolfo , Izu Kazuo , Maeda Jun , Saito Shigeru , Morelos-Gomez Aaron , Aguilar Celia , Takizawa Yoshihiro , Yamanaka Ayaka , Tejiima Syogo , Fujisawa Kazunori , Takeuchi Kenji , Hayashi Takuya , Noguchi Toru , Isogai Akira , Endo Morinobu
Published: July 2020

Reverse osmosis membranes of aromatic polyamide (PA) reinforced with a crystalline cellulose nanofiber (CNF) were synthesized and their desalination performance was studied.
Carbon nanotube sorting due to commensurate molecular wrapping
Authors: Konevtsova Olga V. , Roshal Daria S. , Dmitriev Vladimir P. , Rochal Sergei B.
Published: July 2020

Commensurate wrapping of carbon nanotubes ensures their selection by flavin group molecules.
Iron ion irradiated Bi2Te3 nanosheets with defects and regulated hydrophilicity to enhance the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Wang Qingtao , Cui Kai , Li Jian , Wu Yanxia , Yang Yaoxia , Zhou Xiaozhong , Ma Guofu , Yang Zhiwang , Lei Ziqiang , Ren Shufang
Published: July 2020

Introducing defects on the surface of Bi2Te3 by iron ion irradiation can increase active sites, which, in turn, can improve the electrocatalytic HER performance of Bi2Te3 nanosheets.
Preventive effect of tetrahedral framework nucleic acids on bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw
Authors: Cui Weitong , Chen Xingyu , Zhu Junyao , Zhang Mei , Xiao Dexuan , Qin Xin , Zhang Tianyi , Lin Yunfeng
Published: July 2020

Tetrahedral framework nucleic acid could reverse the inhibition of the zoledronic acid on osteoclasts differentiation and maturation, effectively inhibiting the formation of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.
Nanosized concave pit/convex dot microarray for immunomodulatory osteogenesis and angiogenesis
Authors: Ni Siyu , Zhai Dong , Huan Zhiguang , Zhang Tinglin , Chang Jiang , Wu Chengtie
Published: July 2020

The prepared NCDot arrays significantly promote osteo-/angiogenic activity by generating a more suitable immune microenvironment than the corresponding NCPit arrays.
Fabrication and SERS properties of complex and organized nanoparticle plasmonic clusters stable in solution
Authors: Blanco-Formoso Maria , Pazos-Perez Nicolas , Alvarez-Puebla Ramon A.
Published: July 2020

Controlled formation of hot spots in nanoparticle clusters endowed with colloidal stability results in reliable optical sensors capable of providing quantitative SERS responses.
Substrate-oriented selectivity in the Mg-mediated conjugate addition of bromoform to electron-deficient alkenes
Authors: Satam Nishikant , Nemu Saumyadip , Gururaja Guddeangadi N. , Namboothiri Irishi N. N.
Published: July 2020

Mg-Mediated conjugate addition of bromoform to electron-deficient alkenes provides tribromomethyl, dibromomethylidene or dibromocyclopropane derivatives depending on the nature of the substrate.
Neophathalides A and B, two pairs of unusual phthalide analog enantiomers from Ligusticum chuanxiong
Authors: Zhang Xu , Yan Hai-Wei , Feng Zi-Ming , Yang Ya-Nan , Jiang Jian-Shuang , Zhang Pei-Cheng
Published: July 2020

Two pairs of unusual phthalide analog enantiomers, (+)- and (−)-neophathalides A and B [(+)- and (−)-1 and 2], were isolated from the rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.
Facile access to N-formyl imide as an N-formylating agent for the direct synthesis of N-formamides, benzimidazoles and quinazolinones
Authors: Huang Hsin-Yi , Lin Xiu-Yi , Yen Shih-Yao , Liang Chien-Fu
Published: July 2020

We developed a green method to produce N-formyl imides using acylamidines in water. Subsequently, N-formyl imide can be as a new water-tolerant N-formylating agent for the synthesis of N-formamides, benzimidazoles and quinazolinones.
Polymer chain editing: functionality “knock-in”, “knock-out” and replacement via cross metathesis reaction and thiol-Michael addition
Authors: Ren Jie , He Junpo
Published: July 2020

Inspired by the gene editing process, chain editing of synthetic polymers, including functionality “knock-out”, “knock-in” and replacement, was performed through cross metathesis and thiol-Michael addition.
Folded amphiphilic homopolymer micelles in water: uniform self-assembly beyond amphiphilic random copolymers
Authors: Kimura Yoshihiko , Ouchi Makoto , Terashima Takaya
Published: July 2020

Herein, we developed precision self-assembly systems of amphiphilic homopolymers into folded micelles in water.
Structural diversification of bola-amphiphilic glycolipid-type supramolecular hydrogelators exhibiting colour changes along with the gel–sol transition
Authors: Oosumi Ryoya , Ikeda Masato , Ito Akitaka , Izumi Masayuki , Ochi Rika
Published: July 2020

We diversified the structures of bola-amphiphilic glycolipid-type supramolecular hydrogelators that exhibit reversible thermochromism concurrently with a gel–sol transition.
Concentrated growth factor inhibits UVA-induced photoaging in human dermal fibroblasts via the MAPK/AP-1 pathway
Authors: Zhang Meng , Zhang Tai , Tang Yanan , Ren Guiyun , Zhang Yanning , Ren Xiangyu
Published: July 2020

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced photoaging is one of the contributors to skin aging. UV light triggers oxidative stress, producing a large number of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and degrading the extracellular matrix in skin cells, thereby causing a series of photoaging symptoms. Concentrated growth factor (CGF) is a leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin biomaterial that plays a protective role in the occurrence and development of skin photoaging. In the present study, we investigated the underlying mechanism of CGF in the UVA-induced photoaging of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). A primary culture of HDFs was isolated from normal human facial skin. The cells were treated with CGF following UVA radiation. Proliferation of cells was detected using MTT assay, followed by measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) using immunofluorescence assay and flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein expression levels of P38, c-Jun, and MMP-1 were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively. CGF was found to improve cell viability by inhibiting the production of ROS and reducing oxidative damage. In addition, there was lower expression of p38 and c-Jun at the mRNA and protein levels following CGF treatment, thus resulting in the inhibition of MMP-1 expression. Our results suggest that CGF could protect HDFs against UVA-induced photoaging by blocking the P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/activated protein-1 (P38MAPK/AP-1) signaling pathway. These findings provide a new clinical strategy for the prevention of skin photoaging.
Association between vitamin D receptorBsmI, FokI, andCdx2polymorphisms and osteoporosis risk: an updated meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Bin , Zhu Wang-fa , Mu Yi-yang , Liu Biao , Li Hong-zhuo , He Xiao-feng
Published: July 2020

Background: Many studies have reported the association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphism and osteoporosis risk. However, their results were conflicting. Six previous meta-analyses have been published to analyze VDR BsmI, FokI, and Cdx2 polymorphisms on osteoporosis risk. However, they did not evaluate the reliability of statistically significant associations. Furthermore, a lot of new articles have been published on these themes, and therefore an updated meta-analysis was performed to further explore these issues.

Objectives: To explore the association between VDR BsmI, FokI, and Cdx2 polymorphisms polymorphisms and osteoporosis risk.

Methods: The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were pooled to evaluate the association between VDR BsmI, FokI, and Cdx2 polymorphisms and osteoporosis risk. To evaluate the credibility of statistically significant associations, we applied the false-positive report probabilities (FPRPs) test and the Venice criteria.

Results: Overall, statistically significantly increased osteoporosis risk was found in Indians and women for VDR FokI polymorphism. Statistically significantly decreased osteoporosis risk was found in West Asians for VDR BsmI polymorphism. However, when we performed a sensitivity analysis after excluding low quality and Hardy–Weinberg Disequilibrium (HWD) studies, significantly decreased osteoporosis risk was only found in overall population for VDR BsmI polymorphism. Further, less-credible positive results were identified when we evaluated the credibility of positive results.

Conclusion: These positive findings should be interpreted with caution and indicate that significant association may most likely result from less-credible, rather than from true associations or biological factors on the VDR BsmI and FokI polymorphisms with osteoporosis risk.
Utility of Acoustic Change Complex as an Objective Tool to Evaluate Difference Limen for Intensity in Cochlear Hearing Loss and Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Kumar Prawin , Sanju Himanshu Kumar , Hussain Reesha Oovattil , Kaverappa Ganapathy Mechiyanda , Singh Niraj Kumar
Published: July 2020

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate usefulness of acoustic change complex (ACC) as an objective measure of difference limen for intensity (DLI) in auditory neuropathy spectrum disorders (ANSD) and cochlear hearing loss (CHL).

Method

The study used a multiple static group comparison research design. Twenty normal-hearing individuals (NH), 19 individuals with ANSD, and 23 individuals with CHL underwent DLI measurement using behavioral (psychoacoustic) techniques and ACC. For eliciting ACC, a 500-ms, 1,000-Hz pure tone was presented at 80 dB SPL. Additionally, six variants of this stimulus with intensity increments of 1, 3, 4, 5, 10, and 20 dB starting 250 ms after stimulus onset were used to elicit the ACC.

Results

The lowest intensity change that produced replicable and clearly identifiable ACC was referred as objective DLI. In comparison to NH and CHL, the behavioral as well as the objective DLI were significantly larger (poorer) in ANSD (p< .05). Significantly strong positive correlation existed between DLI obtained using behavioral and objective measures (p< .05).

Conclusions

ACC could be a useful objective tool to measure DLI in the clinical population, provided the individuals of the clinical population fulfill the prerequisite of the presence of Auditory Long Latency Responses.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12560132
Trends in Clinical Practice Research in ASHA Journals: 2008–2018
Authors: Roberts Megan Y. , Sone Bailey J. , Zanzinger Katherine E. , Bloem Marie E. , Kulba Kara , Schaff Allyson , Davis Kelly C. , Reisfeld Nicole , Goldstein Howard
Published: July 2020

Purpose

Despite the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's (ASHA's) endorsement of evidence-based practice (EBP) and speech-language pathologists' (SLPs') agreement on the importance of EBP, practicing clinicians report barriers to implementing EBP. The purpose of this study was to examine trends in clinical practice research published in ASHA journals over the past 11 years (2008–2018).

Method

A total of 2,483 articles from the
American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology
;
Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools
;
and Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
were extracted for coding. Coders were licensed SLPs who were trained to 80% reliability on classifying the type of research in each article. Clinical practice research articles were further classified as studies on assessment, studies on intervention, and studies that explore the implementation of EBP.

Results

Clinical practice research comprised the minority of literature published in ASHA journals in the field of speech-language pathology (25%). These articles were composed of assessment (10%), intervention (15%), and implementation (< 1%). These articles were distributed across a variety of primary content areas, with an absence of implementation science for the majority of clinical areas.

Conclusions

The lack of clinical practice research readily available to practicing SLPs is a barrier to EBP. The results of this study underscore the need for increased clinical practice research. Future work should investigate EBP in the context of clinician–researcher partnerships and increasing the capacity of clinicians to conduct clinical practice research.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12550928
Identifying Verbal Short-Term Memory and Working Memory Impairments in Individuals With Latent Aphasia
Authors: Silkes JoAnn P. , Zimmerman Reva M. , Greenspan Wendy , Reinert Laura , Kendall Diane , Martin Nadine
Published: July 2020

Purpose

This study was undertaken to explore whether measures of verbal short-term memory and working memory are sensitive to impairments in people with latent aphasia, who score within normal limits on typical aphasia test batteries.

Method

Seven individuals with latent aphasia and 24 neurotypical control participants completed 40 tasks from the Temple Assessment of Language and Short-term Memory in Aphasia (TALSA) that assess various aspects of verbal short-term memory, working memory, and language processing. Subtests were identified that differentiated between the two groups of participants.

Results

Twenty-one TALSA tasks were identified on which the participants with latent aphasia had significantly different performance than the typical control participants. All of these subtests engaged verbal short-term memory, and some involved working memory as well. Furthermore, the TALSA detected individual differences in linguistic profiles among participants with latent aphasia.

Conclusions

People with latent aphasia may be identified by tests that tap verbal short-term memory and working memory. In addition, the TALSA was found to be sensitive to the heterogeneity of this population. Further development of these measures will improve identification and treatment of this challenging population.
Effects of Phonomotor Therapy and Semantic Feature Analysis on Discourse Production
Authors: Silkes JoAnn P. , Fergadiotis Gerasimos , Graue Kasey , Kendall Diane L.
Published: July 2020

Background

Anomia treatments typically focus on single word retrieval, although the ultimate goal of treatment is to improve functional communication at the level of discourse in daily situations.

Aims

The focus of this study was to investigate the impact of two effective anomia treatments on discourse production as measured by a story retell task.

Method and Procedure

Fifty-seven people with aphasia were randomized to receive either a phoneme-based treatment, Phonomotor Therapy (PMT; 28 participants), or a lexical–semantic treatment, Semantic Feature Analysis (SFA; 29 participants). Groups were matched for age, aphasia severity, education, and years post onset. All received 56–60 hr of treatment in a massed treatment schedule. Therapy was delivered for a total of 8–10 hr/week over the course of 6–7 weeks. All participants completed testing 1 week prior to treatment (A1), immediately following treatment (A2), and again 3 months later (A3). Discourse was analyzed through the percentage of correct information units at each time point.

Outcomes and Results

Both groups showed nonsignificant improvements from pretreatment to immediately posttreatment. The PMT group showed significant improvement 3 months posttreatment, while the SFA group returned to near-baseline levels.

Conclusion

These results add to our understanding of the effects of both PMT and SFA. Future research should address understanding variability in discourse outcomes across studies and the effects of aphasia severity and individual participant and treatment factors on treatment outcomes for both of these approaches.
Interplay between magnetic fields and differential rotation in a stably stratified stellar radiative zone
Authors: Jouve L. , Lignières F. , Gaurat M.
Published: July 2020

Context. The interactions between magnetic fields and differential rotation in stellar radiative interiors could play a major role in achieving an understanding of the magnetism of intermediate-mass and massive stars and of the differential rotation profile observed in red-giant stars.

Aims. The present study is aimed at studying the flow and field produced by a stellar radiative zone which is initially made to rotate differentially in the presence of a large-scale poloidal magnetic field threading the whole domain. We focus both on the axisymmetric configurations produced by the initial winding-up of the magnetic field lines and on the possible instabilities of those configurations. We investigate in detail the effects of the stable stratification and thermal diffusion and we aim, in particular, to assess the role of the stratification at stabilising the system.

Methods. We performed 2D and 3D global Boussinesq numerical simulations started from an initial radial or cylindrical differential rotation and a large-scale poloidal magnetic field. Under the conditions of a large rotation frequency compared to the Alfvén frequency, we built a magnetic configuration strongly dominated by its toroidal component. We then perturbed this configuration to observe the development of non-axisymmetric instabilities.

Results. The parameters of the simulations were chosen to respect the ordering of time scales of a typical stellar radiative zone. In this framework, the axisymmetric evolution is studied by varying the relative effects of the thermal diffusion, the Brunt-Väisälä frequency, the rotation, and the initial poloidal field strength. After a transient time and using a suitable adimensionalisation, we find that the axisymmetric state only depends on tes/tAp the ratio between the Eddington–Sweet circulation time scale and the Alfvén time scale. A scale analysis of the Boussinesq magnetohydrodynamical equations allows us to recover this result. In the cylindrical case, a magneto-rotational instability develops when the thermal diffusivity is sufficiently high to enable the favored wavenumbers to be insensitive to the effects of the stable stratification. In the radial case, the magneto-rotational instability is driven by the latitudinal shear created by the back-reaction of the Lorentz force on the flow. Increasing the level of stratification then leaves the growth rate of the instability mainly unaffected while its horizontal length scale grows.

Conclusions. Non-axisymmetric instabilities are likely to exist in stellar radiative zones despite the stable stratification. They could be at the origin of the magnetic dichotomy observed in intermediate-mass and massive stars. They are also unavoidable candidates for the transport of angular momentum in red giant stars.
Breakdown curves of CH2(+), CH3(+), and CH4(+) molecules
Authors: Chabot M. , IdBarkach T. , Béroff K. , Le Petit F. , Wakelam V.
Published: July 2020

Aims. The aim of this work is to provide semi-empirical branching ratios (BRs) for the kinetic databases used in astrochemistry, such as the KInetic Database for Astrochemistry (KIDA). Our work focuses on the CHy(+) species (y = 2–4) excited by cosmic rays (CR), electrons, and photons (UV), or the intermediate excited complexes CHy(+) resulting from chemical reactions. It also intends to test the sensitivity of benchmark calculations to those new physical inputs in cold quiescent clouds and in photo-dissociation regions (PDRs).

Methods. We constructed semi-empirical breakdown curves (BDCs) based on the collision of CHy+ (y = 2–4) projectiles of constant velocity (250 keV uma−1) with He atoms as explained in a previous paper, where BRs for UV, CR, and electronic processing were also derived. The same BDCs were applied to predict BRs for chemical reactions (bi-molecular neutral and ionic reactions, charge exchange). The effect of the new BRs on the chemical composition of cold dark clouds was tested using the time-dependent Nautilus gas-grain model. The same effect on the chemical composition of PDRs was tested using the Meudon PDR code.

Results. Branching ratio predictions of the model are found to be in good agreement with available BR measurements for charge exchange reactions and the reaction between C and H3+. The chemistry for both cold clouds and PDRs is found to be not strongly affected by this update of BRs.
The catalogue of cometary orbits and their dynamical evolution
Authors: Królikowska Małgorzata , Dybczyński Piotr A.
Published: July 2020

We present the CODE catalogue, the new cometary catalogue containing data for almost 300 long-period comets that were discovered before 2018. This is the first catalogue containing cometary orbits in the five stages of their dynamical evolution and covering three successive passages through the perihelion, with the exception of the hyperbolic comets which are treated in a different manner. Non-gravitational orbits are given for about 100 of these long-period comets, and their orbits obtained while neglecting the existence of non-gravitational acceleration are included for comparison. For many of the presented comets, different orbital solutions, based on the alternative force models or various subsets of positional data, are also provided. The preferred orbit is always clearly indicated for each comet.
The role of light desynchronosis in the development of stress-induced aging
Authors: Batotsyrenova Ekaterina , Kashuro Vadim , Ivanov Maksim
Published: July 2020

The long-term change of the light mode for three months – light desynchronosis, disturbs the rhythm of the signals received from the external pacemaker. As a result of the study, it was found that a long-term change in the light mode and a violation of the rhythmicity of signals received from an external pacemaker contributes to the activation of ROS formation as triggers for bioenergetic processes in the cell. At the same time, changing the light mode disrupts the balance of oxygen in the cell and this is a provoking factor for the stress of the antioxidant cell system. The resulting tissue hypoxia in chronic light desynchronosis disrupts the bioenergetic potential of the cell, contributing to the development of pathophysiological processes and the death of neurons. Therefore, a violation of the balance of the pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant systems leads to destructive processes in the brain. A significant change in the concentration of the neurotrohic markers indicates destructive processes in the brain tissues. Summarizing the above, we conclude that light desynchronosis is directly involved in the ROS-dependent stress-induced aging of brain cells and in that way, to the progression of processes that lead to aging of the body.
Naked mole rat cells display more efficient DNA excision repair and higher resistance to toxic impacts than mouse cells
Authors: Evdokimov Alexey , Petruseva Irina , Popov Aleksei , Koval Olga , Lavrik Olga
Published: July 2020

Naked mole rat is the long-lived and tumor-resistant rodent. Naked mole rat possesses multiple adaptations that may contribute to longevity and cancer-resistance. Higher activity of DNA excision repair systems and their faster recovery after genotoxic impact as compare with Mus musculus directly demonstrated in our previous investigation contribute to longevity and cancer resistance of naked mole rat. In the present study the DNA-damage-induced apoptosis in naked mole rat fibroblasts was studied using conventional methods. The ability of naked mole rat cells to undergo regulated cell death in response to genotoxic stress is another group of cell defense mechanisms. Naked mole rat skin fibroblasts were demonstrated to be much more resistant towards proapoptotic reagents methyl methanesulfonate, 5-fluorouracil and etoposide as compared with fibroblasts of Mus musculus. Naked mole rat cells have demonstrated limited apoptotic response and seem to undergo also other-type regulated cell death under severe genotoxic stress.
Cognition and comorbidity in postmenopausal women
Authors: Popov Artem , Izmozherova Nadezhda , Oboskalova Tatiana , Gavrilova Yelena , Safianik Yelena
Published: July 2020

Objective: to assess frequency and clinical significance of cognitive function impairment in postmenopausal woman.

Methods: A cross-sectional study included 462 women under the age of 65. Arterial hypertension, carbohydrate metabolism impairment, chronic heart failure, coronary heart disease frequency were registered. Mini Mental State Examination was used to assess cognitive function.

Results: mild cognitive function impairment was found in 223 (48%) postmenopausal women, 28 cases (6%) of dementia were registered. Mild cognitive impairment was associated with arterial hypertension (OR 1.74; 95% CI 1.16 – 2.64), chronic heart failure (OR 1.70; 1.16 – 2.49), dementia was associated with coronary heart disease (3.49; 1.54>7.89).

Conclusion: cognitive impairment is frequent in postmenopausal women and associated with arterial hypertension, chromic heart failure and coronary heart disease.
Oral cancer awareness among aged patients with chronic oral mucosal diseases in Russian Federation
Authors: Gileva Olga , Libik Tatiana , Daurova Fatima , Mudrova Olga , Redinova Tatiana
Published: July 2020

The secret of longevity is not only in healthy lifestyle and genetics, but in the forehanded prevention of diseases. Nowadays the preservation of health is much more the patient’s responsibility. This mission can be realized only through the high level of patient’s awareness and treatment compliance. Oral cancer has one of the highest mortality rates among all malignancies worldwide. A gap in patient knowledge about oral cancer, specifically related to risk factors and signs and symptoms, is posited to be among the key modifiable factor contributing to high morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the oral cancer awareness among patients of the risk group (aged patients with chronic oral mucosal diseases). Results of the study showed the lack of oral cancer awareness among patients: the mean knowledge score for the risk factors – 3, 1 ± 1, 2 out of 8, 0, for the signs and symptoms – 4, 9 ± 1, 3 out of 12, 0. It was found that women had higher oncological awareness than men, as well as participants with high educational level, and patients with premalignant oral lesions (oral lichen planus, oral leukoplakia). Educational programs are essential for improvement of oral cancer awareness among population.
Logistic risk assessment in distribution infrastructure of medicines produced in the Ural Federal District
Authors: Petrov Alexey , Kantorovich Anna , Andrianova Galina
Published: July 2020

The article describes the results of structural-functional analysis of medicines distribution system in the Ural Federal District (Ural FD). The structure of material flow is heterogeneous in the indicator of logistics channels diversification: the share of trade turnover at federal distributors varies from 17.2 to 100%. There was also an increase in the share of the federal distribution with an increase in the cost of the medication. Methodical approach to risk assessment of pharmaceutical distribution logistics in the Ural FD on the basis of commercial and logistic risk multiplier has been developed and tested. Mathematical modeling of the federal suppliers’ demand for medicines produced in the Urals and the supply of Ural manufacturers with medicines was carried out. Based on the obtained results, methods of reducing the risks of distribution logistics are proposed; in particular, diversification of distribution channels in the range of selling prices of producers excl.VAT from 600 to 800 rubles per package, including by attracting Ural state unitary enterprises with a license for wholesale pharmaceutical activity. In addition, active promotion of expensive medications (more than 700 rubles) is recommended to reduce risks in their distribution and demand increase of federal distributors that will reduce the cost of medications and create additional availability for geriatric use.
Treatment of mesial occlusion with forward displacement of the lower jaw in preschool children. Description of the clinical case
Authors: Bimbas Eugenia S. , Shishmareva Anastasia S. , Menshikova Eugenia V.
Published: July 2020

The scientific research is dedicated to studying of treatment problems of mesial malocclusion with the anterior mandible shift among preschool aged children (in the period of temporary dentition). The point of the study is to demonstrate the effect of treating mesial malocclusion associated with the mandible anterior shift and reverse overjet in a clinical case description. During the research of a clinical case long term results were analyzed. The method of treating mesial malocclusion associated with the mandible anterior shift and reverse overjet included usage of the original appliance. The appliance was also supposed to lead to harmonic development of a child’s oro-facial area. The analysis showed advantages of the suggested original orthodontic appliance. The malocclusion was corrected in a short time (3 months), that let us develop physiological jaws and teeth arches relationships and to resolve mandible side shifting before the central incisors erupted. During the eruption permanent incisors take their place and establish the proper overjet, that creates physiological conditions for harmonic oro-facial development. The result is stable over time. The appliance is easy to use and to adapt by children and has a good fixation in oral cavity. Thus, the suggested orthodontic appliance could be recommended for treatment of mesial malocclusion associated with the mandible anterior shifting among preschool aged children.