bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Bayesian comparison between $$\Lambda $$CDM and phenomenologically emergent dark energy models
Authors: Rezaei M. , Naderi T. , Malekjani M. , Mehrabi A.
Published: May 2020

In this work we examine the recently proposed phenomenological emergent dark energy (PEDE) model by [1], using the latest observational data in both expansion and perturbation levels. Applying the statistical Bayesian evidence as well as the AIC and BIC information criteria, we compare the PEDE model with the concordance $$\Lambda $$ΛCDM model in both flat and non-flat universes. We combine the observational datasets as (i) expansion data (except CMB), (ii) expansion data (including CMB) and (iii) expansion data jointed to the growth rate dataset. Our statistical results show that the flat- $$\Lambda $$ΛCDM model is still the best model. In the case of expansion data (including CMB), we observe that the flat- PEDE model is well consistent with observations as well as the concordance $$\Lambda $$ΛCDM universe. While in the cases of (i) and (iii), the PEDE models in both of the flat and non-flat geometries are not favored. In particular, we see that in the perturbation level the PEDE model can not fit the observations as equally as standard $$\Lambda $$ΛCDM cosmology. As the ability of the model, we show that the PEDE models can alleviate the tension of Hubble constant value appearing between the local observations and Planck inferred estimation in standard cosmology.
On the hydrodynamics of nonlinear gauge-coupled quantum fluids
Authors: Buggy Yvan , Phillips Lawrence G. , Öhberg Patrik
Published: May 2020

By constructing a hydrodynamic canonical formalism, we show that the occurrence of an arbitrary density-dependent gauge potential in the meanfield Hamiltonian of a Bose-condensed fluid invariably leads to nonlinear flow-dependent terms in the wave equation for the phase, where such terms arise due to the explicit dependence of the mechanical flow on the fluid density. In addition, we derive a canonical momentum transport equation for this class of nonlinear fluid and obtain an expression for the stress tensor. Further, we study the hydrodynamic equations in a particular nonlinear fluid, where the effective gauge potential results from the introduction of weak contact interactions in an ultracold dilute Bose gas of optically-addressed two-level atoms. In the Cauchy equation of mechanical momentum transport of the superfluid, two non-trivial terms emerge due to the density-dependent vector potential. A body-force of dilation appears as a product of the gauge potential and the dilation rate of the fluid, while the stress tensor features a canonical flow pressure term given by the inner-product of the gauge potential and the canonical current density. By numerical simulation, we illustrate an interesting effect of the nonlinear gauge potential on the groundstate wavefunction of a superfluid in the presence of a foreign impurity. We find that the groundstate adopts a non-trivial local phase, which is antisymmetric under reversal of the gauge potential. The phase profile leads to a canonical-flow or phase-flow dipole about the impurity, resulting in a skirting mechanical flow. As a result, the pressure becomes asymmetric about the object and the condensate undergoes a deformation.

Graphical abstract
Exceptional preservation of two new early rossellid sponges: the dominant species in the Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) Anji Biota of China
Authors: Botting Joseph P. , Janussen Dorte , Zhang Yuandong , Muir Lucy A.
Published: May 2020

The Anji Biota of Zhejiang Province, South China, is an exceptionally preserved, sponge-dominated fauna from the latest Ordovician interval, representing a deep-water environment and containing more than 100 sponge species. Herein a complex of two common species that together dominate the deepest-water sponge assemblages within the sequence are described:
Shouzhispongia coronata
gen. et sp. nov. and
Shouzhispongia prodigia
gen. et sp. nov. The complex taphonomic pathway for sponge preservation is critical to interpretation of the fossils: prostalial hypodermal pentactins (a unique character of the hexactinellid family Rossellidae) were originally present and are locally visible, but many have been lost taphonomically because spicules are primarily preserved as moulds within soft tissues. The choanosomal skeleton is composed dominantly of very small hexactins and other triaxon spicules rather than diactins, suggesting an early branching position within the family stem group. Despite their abundance in the Anji Biota, and superficial similarity to certain extant rossellid genera such as
Bathydorus
, no closely similar sponges have yet been described. This highlights the extremely incomplete fossil record of truly deep-water ecosystems. Preservational alignment patterns of the sponges on bedding planes support previous ideas of nepheloid-layer collapse as the primary burial mechanism.
Physiological and microvascular responses to hemoglobin concentration-targeted hemolytic anemia in rats
Authors: Nugent William H. , Carr Danuel A. , Macko Antoni R. , Song Bjorn K.
Published: May 2020

Early, chronic compensation to severe hemolytic anemia is vascular, switching to cardiopulmonary support as hemoglobin levels decline. Oxygen delivery does not correlate with serum lactate level until total hemoglobin is reduced by 75%.
A Chimera Oscillatory State in a Globally Delay-Coupled Oscillator Network
Authors: Yi Ming , Yao Chenggui
Published: May 2020

Oscillatory behavior is absolutely necessary for the normal functioning of various organisms and their performance. Therefore, it is necessary to protect the oscillatory behavior in an aging network which consists of oscillatory and nonoscillatory nodes. In this work, we investigate numerically and theoretically the effect of time delay on oscillatory behaviors in a network which includes active and inactive Stuart–Landau oscillators. Interestingly, we find a chimera oscillatory state where a part of oscillators is a steady state while other oscillators preserve oscillatory motion; such dynamical behaviors are considered generally to be impossible for globally coupled systems when the coupling strength is sufficiently large. Furthermore, our results reveal that time delay can effectively inhibit aging transition and recover the oscillatory behavior from the aging network.
Evaluation of Methanol‐Dichloromethane Extract of Stemonocoleus micranthus Harms (Fabaceae) Stem Bark for Anti‐Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Activities
Authors: Mbaoji Florence Nwakaego , Onwuka Akachukwu Marytheresa , Onu Sunday , Peter Ikechukwu Emmanuel , Nweze Justus Amuche , Okonta Lilian Eleje
Published: May 2020

Background. The stem bark decoction of Stemonocoleus micranthus Harms (Fabaceae) is most widely used traditionally as a remedy for various diseases such as malaria and boil. In this study, the anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of the methanol‐dichloromethane extract (MDE) from the stem bark of the plant in rodents were evaluated. Methods. The carrageenan‐induced rat paw oedema, cotton pellet‐induced granuloma in rat, and xylene‐induced ear oedema in mice were used to study the anti‐inflammatory activity of methanol‐dichloromethane extract of Stemonocoleus micranthus (MDESm) (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg). The effects of MDESm (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) on cyclophosphamide‐induced immunosuppression, neutrophil adhesion, carbon clearance, and haematological and biochemical parameters were carried out to study its immunomodulatory activity in mice. Result. MDESm (100 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited carrageenan‐induced oedema by 57.1% at 5th h posttreatment compared with control. At 100 mg/kg, p.o., MDESm significantly (p < 0.05) reduced cotton pellet‐induced granuloma by 39.28% and nonsignificantly reduced xylene‐induced ear oedema by 34.1%. Treatment with MDESm (100 and 400 mg/kg) nonsignificantly abolished the neutropenia caused by cyclophosphamide with a percentage neutrophil reduction of 0 and −14.86%, respectively, while MDESm (200 mg/kg) and levamisole (50 mg/kg) had a nonsignificant reduction in neutrophil count (10.16 and 31.40%), respectively, all compared to the distilled water‐treated group with a neutrophil count of −9.82%. MDESm at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg increased phagocytic index by 0.0447 ± 0.00762 and 0.0466 ± 0.00703, respectively, although not significantly when compared to the control group with a value of 0.0226 ± 0.02117. There was a decrease in WBC and lymphocyte counts in MDESm‐ (200 mg/kg) treated group, suggesting immunosuppressive potential at this dose. MDESm caused a dose‐dependent decrease in ALT and core liver enzymes, suggesting a hepatoprotective effect. The acute toxicity test revealed that MDESm is safe in mice with an oral lethal dose (LD50) of >5 g/kg. Conclusion. The methanol‐dichloromethane extract of Stemonocoleus micranthus Harms possesses mild anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities which may be more pronounced upon fractionation and purification. Therefore, more investigations are needed to explore these activities further.
Parallel Encryption of Noisy Images Based on Sequence Generator and Chaotic Measurement Matrix
Authors: Yu Jiayin , Xie Yaqin , Guo Shiyu , Zhou Yanqi , Wang Erfu
Published: May 2020

With the rapid development of information technology in today’s society, the security of transmission and the storage capacity of hardware are increasingly required in the process of image transmission. Compressed sensing technology can achieve data sampling and compression at the rate far lower than that of the Nyquist sampling theorem and can effectively improve the efficiency of information transmission. Aiming at the problem of weak security of compressed sensing, this study combines the cryptographic characteristics of chaotic systems with compressed sensing technology. In the actual research process, the existing image encryption technology needs to be applied to the hardware. This paper focuses on the combination of image encryption based on compressed sensing and digital logic circuits. We propose a novel technology of parallel image encryption based on a sequence generator. It uses a three-dimensional chaotic map with multiple stability to generate a measurement matrix. This study also analyzes the effectiveness, reliability, and security of the parallel encryption algorithm for source noise pollution with different distribution characteristics. Simulation results show that parallel encryption technology can effectively improve the efficiency of information transmission and greatly enhance its security through key space expansion.
Long-Term Clinical Outcomes for Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients with High-Risk Angiographic Findings Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Jia Sida , Zhang Ce , Liu Yue , Yuan Deshan , Zhao Xueyan , Gao Runlin , Yang Yuejin , Xu Bo , Gao Zhan , Yuan Jinqing
Published: May 2020

Objective. We aim to evaluate the long-term prognosis of non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) patients with high-risk coronary anatomy (HRCA). Background. Coronary disease severity is important for therapeutic decision-making and prognostication among patients presenting with NSTE-ACS. However, long-term outcome in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with HRCA is still unknown. Method. NSTE-ACS patients undergoing PCI in Fuwai Hospital in 2013 were prospectively enrolled and subsequently divided into HRCA and low-risk coronary anatomy (LRCA) groups according to whether angiography complies with the HRCA definition. HRCA was defined as left main disease >50%, proximal LAD lesion >70%, or 2- to 3- vessel disease involving the LAD. Prognosis impact on 2-year and 5-year major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) is analyzed. Results. Out of 4,984 enrolled patients with NSTE-ACS, 3,752 patients belonged to the HRCA group, while 1,232 patients belonged to the LRCA group. Compared with the LRCA group, patients in the HRCA group had worse baseline characteristics including higher age, more comorbidities, and worse angiographic findings. Patients in the HRCA group had higher incidence of unplanned revascularization (2 years: 9.7% vs. 5.1%, p<0.001; 5 years: 15.4% vs. 10.3%, p<0.001), 2-year MACCE (13.1% vs. 8.8%, p<0.001), and 5-year death/MI/revascularization/stroke (23.0% vs. 18.4%, p=0.001). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed similar results. After adjusting for confounding factors, HRCA is independently associated with higher risk of revascularization (2 years: HR = 1.636, 95% CI: 1.225–2.186; 5 years: HR = 1.460, 95% CI: 1.186–1.798), 2-year MACCE (HR = 1.275, 95% CI = 1.019–1.596) and 5-year death/MI/revascularization/stroke (HR = 1.183, 95% CI: 1.010–1.385). Conclusion. In our large cohort of Chinese patients, HRCA is an independent risk factor for long-term unplanned revascularization and MACCE.
The Refraction Correction of Elevation Angle for the Mean Annual Global Reference Atmosphere
Authors: Lin Leke , Chen Xiangming , Hu Ranran , Zhao Zhenwei
Published: May 2020

In some frequency-sharing studies between fixed service and space radiocommunication services, including fixed-satellite, broadcasting-satellite, and space science services, it is necessary to estimate the apparent elevation angle of a space station, taking into account the atmospheric refraction. Recommendations ITU-R (International Telecommunication Union—Radiocommunication) P.834-9 and F.1333-1 detail similar methods regarding calculating the refraction correction for the elevation angle of the mean annual global reference atmosphere. Herein, both methods are approximated using the bending angle from the ground to the infinity height; this approach is most suitable for geosynchronous orbit satellites. In this paper, new methods for calculating the refraction correction for the elevation angle are proposed regarding the mean annual global reference atmosphere given in Recommendation ITU-R P.835-6. Specifically, the results of the ray-tracing method are fitted. The height of the new formulae is 100 km above sea level. For higher altitudes, correction methods are given based on free-space propagation. The proposed methods can be applied to the calculation of the refraction correction for the elevation of the mean annual global reference atmosphere for satellites at different orbital heights. Furthermore, these new methods compare favourably to the two ITU-R Recommendations.
The Effect of Al Particles Size on the Thermal Behavior and Kinetics of Al‐MnO2 Thermite System
Authors: Song Jia-xing , Guo Tao , Ding Wen , Yao Miao , Yang Li , Zhang Xiao-nan , Yu Zhong-shen , Wu Jia-xiang , Zhang Jun , Fang Xiang
Published: May 2020

Micron‐MnO2 powder has unique thermal decomposition process compared with other metal oxides, and the different characteristics of components in thermite could affect the thermal performance of the whole system directly. In this work, the Al powder with different three particle sizes was combined with micron‐MnO2 to prepare the Al‐MnO2 thermite system, and the effect of Al powder particle sizes on the whole thermal behavior was studied. Firstly, the thermal decomposition process of micron‐MnO2 and purity of Al powder are tested by TG‐DSC. By using ultrasonic dispersion method, the fuel‐rich thermite samples were prepared and characterized by SEM and TG‐DSC at different heating rates. The Kissinger method was also employed to calculate the activation energy for the first exothermic peak. It was found that the thermal decomposition process of MnO2 in the thermite system can be significantly disturbed by different Al particles size. In other words, the effect of Al particle sizes on the thermite can be magnified due to the unique decomposition properties of micron‐MnO2 instead of onset temperature of exothermic reaction changing simply. The activation energy of thermite system decreased with the reduction of Al particle sizes in micron‐level, while in nanolevel the activation energy markedly increased. Finally, the possible reasons for phenomenon were discussed.
Dombi Interval-Valued Hesitant Fuzzy Aggregation Operators for Information Security Risk Assessment
Authors: Liu Hao Bin , Liu Yi , Xu Lei
Published: May 2020

This paper studies the improved aggregation operator based on Dombi and its application in multiattribute decision making (MADM). Firstly, the axiomatic definition of interval-valued hesitant fuzzy elements (IVHFEs) based on Dombi t-norm and t-conorm is introduced. Secondly, we propose a series of IVHFE aggregation operators (IVHFDWA, IVHFDWG, IVHFDOWA, IVHFDOWG, IVHFDHA, and IVHFDHG). In order to get the weight information of attributes, based on the basic idea of traditional distance formula, a distance formula between IVHFEs is constructed, and the optimization model of attribute weight is established. Then, a case study for selection of information security platform is given to demonstrate the merits of the developed method. The parameters of aggregation operator are analyzed in detail, and the critical value of parameters affecting decision making is given. Finally, this method is compared with other methods, which proves the validity and applicability of this method.
Hierarchical Aggregation for Reputation Feedback of Services Networks
Authors: Yang Rong , Wang Dianhua
Published: May 2020

Product ratings are popular tools to support buying decisions of consumers, which are also valuable for online retailers. In online marketplaces, vendors can use rating systems to build trust and reputation. To build trust, it is really important to evaluate the aggregate score for an item or a service. An accurate aggregation of ratings can embody the true quality of offerings, which is not only beneficial for providers in adjusting operation and sales tactics, but also helpful for consumers in discovery and purchase decisions. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical aggregation model for reputation feedback, where the state-of-the-art feature-based matrix factorization models are used. We first present our motivation. Then, we propose feature-based matrix factorization models. Finally, we address how to utilize the above modes to formulate the hierarchical aggregation model. Through a set of experiments, we can get that the aggregate score calculated by our model is greater than the corresponding value obtained by the state-of-the-art IRURe; i.e., the outputs of our models can better match the true rank orders.
Cardiovascular Safety of Clonidine and Dexmedetomidine in Critically Ill Patients after Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Grest Angelina , Kurmann Judith , Müller Markus , Jeger Victor , Krüger Bernard , Spahn Donat R. , Bettex Dominique , Rudiger Alain
Published: May 2020

Purpose. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the haemodynamic adverse effects of clonidine and dexmedetomidine in critically ill patients after cardiac surgery. Methods. 2769 patients were screened during the 30-month study period. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and norepinephrine requirements were assessed 3-hourly during the first 12 hours of the continuous drug infusion. Results are given as median (interquartile range) or numbers (percentages). Results. Patients receiving clonidine (n = 193) were younger (66 (57–73) vs 70 (63–77) years, p=0.003) and had a lower SAPS II (35 (27–48) vs 41 (31–54), p=0.008) compared with patients receiving dexmedetomidine (n = 141). At the start of the drug infusion, HR (90 (75–100) vs 90 (80–105) bpm, p=0.028), MAP (70 (65–80) vs 70 (65–75) mmHg, p=0.093), and norepinephrine (0.05 (0.00–0.11) vs 0.12 (0.03–0.19) mcg/kg/min, p<0.001) were recorded in patients with clonidine and dexmedetomidine. Bradycardia (HR < 60 bpm) developed in 7.8% with clonidine and 5.7% with dexmedetomidine (p=0.51). Between baseline and 12 hours, norepinephrine remained stable in the clonidine group (0.00 (−0.04–0.02) mcg/kg/min) and decreased in the dexmedetomidine group (−0.03 (−0.10–0.02) mcg/kg/min, p=0.007). Conclusions. Dexmedetomidine and the low-cost drug clonidine can both be used safely in selected patients after cardiac surgery.
Hybrid Mutation Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm for Solving the Inverse Kinematics of a Redundant Robot Manipulator
Authors: Shi Jianping , Mao Yuting , Li Peishen , Liu Guoping , Liu Peng , Yang Xianyong , Wang Dahai
Published: May 2020

The inverse kinematics of redundant manipulators is one of the most important and complicated problems in robotics. Simultaneously, it is also the basis for motion control, trajectory planning, and dynamics analysis of redundant manipulators. Taking the minimum pose error of the end-effector as the optimization objective, a fitness function was constructed. Thus, the inverse kinematics problem of the redundant manipulator can be transformed into an equivalent optimization problem, and it can be solved using a swarm intelligence optimization algorithm. Therefore, an improved fruit fly optimization algorithm, namely, the hybrid mutation fruit fly optimization algorithm (HMFOA), was presented in this work for solving the inverse kinematics of a redundant robot manipulator. An olfactory search based on multiple mutation strategies and a visual search based on the dynamic real-time updates were adopted in HMFOA. The former has a good balance between exploration and exploitation, which can effectively solve the premature convergence problem of the fruit fly optimization algorithm (FOA). The latter makes full use of the successful search experience of each fruit fly and can improve the convergence speed of the algorithm. The feasibility and effectiveness of HMFOA were verified by using 8 benchmark functions. Finally, the HMFOA was tested on a 7-degree-of-freedom (7-DOF) manipulator. Then the results were compared with other algorithms such as FOA, LGMS-FOA, AE-LGMS-FOA, IFOA, and SFOA. The pose error of end-effector corresponding to the optimal inverse solution of HMFOA is 10−14 mm, while the pose errors obtained by FOA, LGMS-FOA, AE-LGMS-FOA, IFOA, and SFOA are 102 mm, 10−1 mm, 10−2 mm, 102 mm, and 102 mm, respectively. The experimental results show that HMFOA can be used to solve the inverse kinematics problem of redundant manipulators effectively.
Transportation Inequalities for Coupled Fractional Stochastic Evolution Equations Driven by Fractional Brownian Motion
Authors: Zhan Wentao , Jing Yuanyuan , Xu Liping , Li Zhi
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we consider the existence and uniqueness of the mild solution for a class of coupled fractional stochastic evolution equations driven by the fractional Brownian motion with the Hurst parameter H∈1/4,1/2. Our approach is based on Perov’s fixed-point theorem. Furthermore, we establish the transportation inequalities, with respect to the uniform distance, for the law of the mild solution.
A Method for Determining Intrinsic Mode Function Number in Variational Mode Decomposition and Its Application to Bearing Vibration Signal Processing
Authors: Wu Shoujun , Feng Fuzhou , Zhu Junzhen , Wu Chunzhi , Zhang Guang
Published: May 2020

Variational mode decomposition (VMD) method has been widely used in the field of signal processing with significant advantages over other decomposition methods in eliminating modal aliasing and noise robustness. The number (usually denoted by K) of intrinsic mode function (IMF) has a great influence on decomposition results. When dealing with signals including complex components, it is usually impossible for the existing methods to obtain correct results and also effective methods for determining K value are lacking. A method called center frequency statistical analysis (CFSA) is proposed in this paper to determine K value. CFSA method can obtain K value accurately based on center frequency histogram. To shed further light on its performance, we analyze the behavior of CFSA method with simulation signal in the presence of variable components amplitude, components frequency, and components number as well as noise amplitude. The normal and fault vibration signals obtained from a bearing experimental setup are used to verify the method. Compared with maximum center frequency observation (MCFO), correlation coefficient (CC), and normalized mutual information (NMI) methods, CFSA is more robust and accurate, and the center frequencies results are consistent with the main frequencies in FFT spectrum.
Role of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Spinal Fusion Surgery: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Manini Daudi R. , Shega Frank D. , Guo ChaoFeng , Wang YuXiang
Published: May 2020

Background. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been used very successfully in enhancing bone fusion in animal experiments. Also, the efficaciousness of PRP in other specialties of medicine such as dentistry, dermatology ophthalmology, and sports medicine is well documented. But the use of PRP to augment bone fusion after spinal surgery in humans is still controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine the role of PRP in enhancing spinal fusion by fastening the rate of new bone formation and decreasing pain after spinal surgery in humans. Methods. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library studies that compared PRP versus control in enhancing spinal fusion after deformity correction. Results. Five retrospective studies with 253 participants and nine prospective cohort studies with 460 participants were identified. The bone fusion rate was excellent for studies that used a high platelet concentration in PRP relative to control (odds ratio (OR) = 4.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) (2.13, 8.83), and P<0.05) while bone fusion was poor to studies that used a low concentrate of platelet in PRP relative to control. The rate of new bone formation was high in the PRP group compared to the control group with the mean difference in Hounsfield unit (HU) 144.91 (95% CI (80.63, 209.18), P<0.05). Time to bone fusion was short in the PRP group during the first six months of surgery relative to the control group with a mean difference of −2.03 (95% CI (−2.35, −1.7); P<0.05). No difference was found in pain reduction by visual analog score (VAS) between the PRP group and control. Conclusion. PRP facilitates new bone formation and bone fusion with a minimum concentration of the growth factor 5 times that of the peripheral blood. PRP stimulatory effects are not continuous and are very effective within six months of implantation.
A Fast Subpixel Registration Algorithm Based on Single-Step DFT Combined with Phase Correlation Constraint in Multimodality Brain Image
Authors: Li Jianguo , Ma Quanhai
Published: May 2020

Multimodality brain image registration technology is the key technology to determine the accuracy and speed of brain diagnosis and treatment. In order to achieve high-precision image registration, a fast subpixel registration algorithm based on single-step DFT combined with phase correlation constraint in multimodality brain image was proposed in this paper. Firstly, the coarse positioning at the pixel level was achieved by using the downsampling cross-correlation model, which reduced the Fourier transform dimension of the cross-correlation matrix and the multiplication of the discrete Fourier transform matrix, so as to speed up the coarse registration process. Then, the improved DFT multiplier of the matrix multiplication was used in the neighborhood of the coarse point, and the subpixel fast location was achieved by the bidirectional search strategy. Qualitative and quantitative simulation experiment results show that, compared with comparison registration algorithms, our proposed algorithm could greatly reduce space and time complexity without losing accuracy.
Synaptic Communication in Brain Cancer
Authors: Monje Michelle
Published: May 2020

Increasing evidence indicates that the nervous system plays a critical role in cancer progression. This is particularly true in cancers that occur within the central nervous system. Communication between neurons and cancer cells is a fundamental component of brain cancer pathophysiology, both for primary gliomas and for brain metastases. Neuronal activity drives growth of glial malignancies through secreted growth factors and through direct electrochemical synaptic communication. Reciprocally, brain cancers influence neuronal function, increasing neuronal activity and modulating the function of the circuits into which the cancer cells structurally and electrically integrate. Advancing understanding of neuron–cancer interactions will elucidate new therapeutic strategies for these presently lethal brain cancers.
Effect of a Digital Health Intervention on Decreasing Barriers and Increasing Facilitators for Colorectal Cancer Screening in Vulnerable Patients
Authors: Denizard-Thompson Nancy M. , Miller David P. , Snavely Anna C. , Spangler John G. , Case L. Doug , Weaver Kathryn E.
Published: May 2020

Background:

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, in part, because one third of Americans fail to get screened. In a prior randomized controlled trial, we found that an iPad patient decision aid called Mobile Patient Technology for Health-CRC (mPATH-CRC) doubled the proportion of patients who completed colorectal cancer screening.

Methods:

All data for the current analysis were collected as part of a randomized controlled trial to determine the impact of mPATH-CRC on receipt of colorectal cancer screening within 24 weeks. Participants were enrolled from six community-based primary care practices between June 2014 and May 2016 and randomized to either usual care or mPATH-CRC. Six potential mediators of the intervention effect on screening were considered. The Iacobucci method was used to assess the significance of the mediation.

Results:

A total of 408 patients had complete data for all potential mediators. Overall, the potential mediators accounted for approximately three fourths (76.3%) of the effect of the program on screening completion. Perceived benefits, self-efficacy, ability to state a screening decision, and patient–provider discussion were statistically significant mediators. Patient–provider discussion accounted for the largest proportion of the effect of mPATH-CRC (70.7%).

Conclusions:

mPATH-CRC increased completion of colorectal cancer screening by affecting patient-level and system-level mediators. However, the most powerful mediator was the occurrence of a patient–provider discussion about screening. Digital interventions like mPATH-CRC are an important adjunct to the patient–provider encounter.

Impact:

Understanding the factors that mediated mPATH-CRC's success is paramount to developing other effective interventions.
A Phase 1b Dose Escalation Trial of NC-6300 (Nanoparticle Epirubicin) in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors or Advanced, Metastatic, or Unresectable Soft-tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Chawla Sant P. , Goel Sanjay , Chow Warren , Braiteh Fadi , Singh Arun S. , Olson Juneko E. Grilley , Osada Atsushi , Bobe Iulian , Riedel Richard F.
Published: May 2020

Purpose:

NC-6300 is a novel nanoparticle formulation of epirubicin that has a pH-sensitive linker conjugated to epirubicin. It exhibits selective tumor accumulation owing to enhanced permeability and retention effect. We conducted a phase 1b trial to determine MTD and recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of NC-6300 monotherapy in advanced, metastatic, or unresectable solid tumors, including soft-tissue sarcomas.

Patients and Methods:

This phase 1b dose-escalation trial of NC-6300 monotherapy employed a Bayesian continuous reassessment method design. NC-6300 was administered on day 1 of every 21-day cycle, with epirubicin-equivalent dose increments from 125 to 215 mg/m2. Safety, efficacy, quality of life, and pharmacokinetic profile of NC-6300 monotherapy were evaluated.

Results:

Twenty-nine subjects (16 male) were enrolled: 17 with soft-tissue sarcoma, one with osteosarcoma, and 11 with other solid tumors. Observed dose-limiting toxicities included thrombocytopenia, stomatitis, lung infection, and febrile neutropenia. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia (59%), anemia (24%), thrombocytopenia (24%), and febrile neutropenia (21%). MTD and RP2D were determined to be 185 mg/m2 and 150 mg/m2, respectively. The objective response rate in the evaluable population was 11%. Partial response was observed in angiosarcoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma. A dose-dependent increase was observed in both total and released epirubicin concentrations.

Conclusions:

NC-6300 was well tolerated with a manageable side effect profile, despite the MTD and RP2D being higher than conventional epirubicin doses. A signal of preliminary activity was observed in angiosarcoma. NC-6300 warrants further investigation in patients with advanced solid tumors, including sarcoma.
Sequential Systemic Treatment in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Is Able to Prolong Median Survival to More than 3 Years in a Selected Real-World Cohort
Authors: von Felden Johann , Karkmann Kathrin , Ittrich Harald , Gil-Ibanez Ines , Fründt Thorben , Krause Jenny , Lohse Ansgar W. , Wege Henning , Schulze Kornelius
Published: May 2020

Introduction: The number of efficacious systemic agents for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has rapidly increased over the past 3 years. However, guidance for optimal sequential systemic treatment in patients with advanced disease and experience with outcome and safety profiles are lacking. Objective: We aimed to assess efficacy and tolerability of sequential systemic therapy of advanced HCC. Methods: Our single-center study prospectively followed 14 patients who received multiple, sequential systemic therapies after progression or intolerance to sorafenib. Endpoints were overall and progression-free survival (OS, PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAE). Results: Patients had well-compensated liver function and good performance status at start of each systemic therapy. Agents included sorafenib (n = 14), regorafenib (n = 10), immunotherapy with nivolumab or pembrolizumab (n = 10), lenvatinib (n = 3), ramucirumab (n = 2), and others, with a median of 3 lines of systemic therapy per patient. Median OS was 37.4 months from initiation of first-line therapy with sorafenib. PFS and ORR for sorafenib, regorafenib, and immunotherapy were 6.6, 5.3, and 6.6 months, and 15.4, 11.1, and 22.2%, respectively. TEAE were frequent (46–80%), but mostly manageable during tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy and without the need for termination in most patients. However, TEAE due to immunotherapy (60%) led to cessation of treatment in 40% of the patients. Conclusions: Sequential systemic therapy is able to prolong median OS in selected patients with advanced HCC to more than 3 years. TEAE are frequent, but manageable, and the quality of adverse events depends on the respective agent. Further investigation of potential predictive biomarkers for treatment allocation is needed.
Implications of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Crisis on Clinical Cancer Care: Report of the University Cancer Center Hamburg
Authors: Weisel Katja C. , Morgner-Miehlke Andrea , Petersen Cordula , Fiedler Walter , Block Andreas , Schafhausen Philippe , Knobloch Johannes K. , Bokemeyer Carsten
Published: May 2020

With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemia, routine clinical work was immediately, deeply, and sustainably impacted in Germany and worldwide. The infrastructure of almost all hospitals is currently redirected to provide a maximum of intensive care resources, including the necessary staff. In parallel, routine as well as emergency clinical care for all patients in need has to be secured. This challenge becomes particularly evident in cancer care. In order to maintain adequate oncological care at all levels of provision and to conduct especially curative and intensive treatments with a maximum of safety, continuous adaption of the oncology care system has to be ensured. Intensive communication with colleagues and patients is needed as is consequent expert networking and continuous reflection of the own developed strategies. In parallel, it is of high importance to actively avoid cessation of innovation in order not to endanger the continuous improvement in prognosis of cancer patients. This includes sustained conduction of clinical trials as well as ongoing translational research. Here, we describe measures taken at the University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH) – a recognized comprehensive oncology center of excellence – during the COVID-19 crisis. We aim to provide support and potential perspectives to generate a discussion basis on how to maintain high-end cancer care during such a crisis and how to conduct patients safely into the future.
The influence of iron losses on selecting the minimum excitation capacitance for self-excited induction generator (SEIG) with wind turbine
Authors: Kadhum Hayder Hussein , Alkhafaji Ahmed Samawi , Emawi Hayder H.Emawi H.
Published: May 2020

The capacitance selection of the three-phase self-excited induction generators (SEIG) driven by wind energy is influences by the iron losses. This paper is dealing with this problem by constructing a steady state model of the generator supplying an induction oil pump. No previous literature studying the requirements of selecting the minimum excitation capacitance under the iron loss impact is found. This work is focusing on: (i) a novel evaluation of the characteristics of the induction generator taking iron loss into account. (ii) the errors caused by neglecting the iron loss. (iii) the importance of including the iron-loss in any accurate analysis. (iv) the errors occurred in the selection of the precise excitation capacitance (Cexct) when the iron-loss neglected. Nodal analysis is suggested to describe the study-state performance of the proposed model. A Matlab/simulation is established to validate the proposed model.
A comparison on two discordancy tests to detect outlier in von mises (VM) sample
Authors: Najihah Badarisam Fatin , Rambli Adzhar , Sidik Mohammad Illyas
Published: May 2020

This paper focuses on comparing two discordancy tests between robust and non-robust statistic to detect a single outlier in univariate circular data. So far, to the best author knowledge that there is no literature make a comparison between both tests of RCDu Statistic and 𝐺1 Statistic. The test statistics are based on the circular median and spacing theory. In addition, those statistics can detect multiple and patches outliers. The performance tests of RCDu Statistic and 𝐺1 Statistic are tested in outlier proportion of correct detection, masking and swamping effect. At the beginning stage, we obtained the cut-off points for the RCDu Statistic and 𝐺1 Statistic by applying Monte Carlo simulation studies. Then, generated sample from von Mises (VM) with the combination of sample size and concentration parameter. The estimating process of cut-off points for both statistics is repeated 3000 times at 10%, 5% and 1% upper percentiles. As a result, the RCDu Statistic perform well in detecting a correct single outlier. Moreover, the RCDu Statistic has a lower masking rate compared to 𝐺1 Statistic.  However, the 𝐺1 Statistic is better than RCDu Statistic for swamping effect due to a lower swamping rate. Thus, RCDu Statistic performs better than 𝐺1 Statistic in detecting a single outlier for von Mises (VM) sample. As an illustration, both statistics were applied to the real data set from a conducted experiments series to investigate the northen cricket frogs homing ability.
Improving network performance with an integrated priority queue and weighted fair queue scheduling
Authors: Assegie Tsehay Admassu , Derebe Bizuneh Haymanot
Published: May 2020

Quality of service (QoS) is the measure of network service availability and transmission. There are many factors influencing QoS among which one is the increasing number of network service users. The increase in the number of network service users and communication traffic causes network congestion. And the traffic congestion results in delay or packet loss and jitter variation. As a result, an organization’s network quality deteriorates and or even becomes unavailable. Therefore, to deliver a high quality network service to the users, a solution that avoids network traffic congestion is needed. In this study, the causes for network traffic congestion and the best solutions to eliminate traffic congestion in a network with congestion management and avoidance using an integrated priority queue (PQ) and weighted fair queue (WFQ) packet scheduling algorithms is proposed.
New compact multiband inverted-L frequency reconfigurable antenna for cognitive radio applications
Authors: Jabber Abdullah Ali , H. Thaher Raad
Published: May 2020

This paper presents, new compact and multiband frequency reconfigurable antenna for cognitive radio applications. A UWB sensing and reconfigurable communicating antennas are contained at the same substrate, where the UWB sensing antenna is an elliptical printed monopole antenna operates on frequency band from (2.65-22.112) GHz which can cover the UWB frequency band from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz, while the communicating antenna is an inverted-L frequency reconfigurable antenna operates on three bands of 1.49 GHz, 5.58 GHz, and 5.6 GHz under (S11 ≤ -10 dB) with a fractional bandwidth of 5.872%, 6.02%, and 6.05% respectively. The proposed antenna used to operate in two modes one for cognitive radio applications to cover WLAN applications at 5.5 GHz and 5.6 GHz and the second mode for wireless Ethernet, GPS synchronization, and Internet of Things that Matter (IoTtM) at 1.49 GHz. The frequency reconfigurability is obtained by using only a single RF switch (PIN diode) for changing the operating frequency. The antenna overall dimensions are 72 x 36 x 1.6 mm3 printed on an FR-4 epoxy substrate of 4.3 relative-permittivity, loss tangent tan (δ) = 0.002 and 50 Ω micro stripline feed. The obtained simulated gain is ranging from 1.35 to 4.132 dBi. The S11 and isolation (S12) between the two antennas are under -20 dB and -17 dB respectively at the resonant frequencies.
A comprehensive review for optimal placement of phasor measurement unit for network observability
Authors: Baba Maveeya , Nor Nursyarizal .B.M. , Ibrahim Taib.B. , Sheikh M.Aman.
Published: May 2020

Real time synchronized phasor measurement in power network is obtained by the improvement in monitoring, control and, protection of the power system. In recent time, the installation ratio of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) is constantly increasing for the real time measurement throughout worldwide. The increment in the number of PMU installation is to only focus on the improvement of system state estimation (SE) performance. However, the expensive nature of the metering device requires huge amount of installation cost with the other communication facilities, therefore an optimal placement of PMU is necessary. Different techniques have been designed and used to overcome this matter. The paper presents numerous optimization algorithms such as, Mathematical programming, Heuristic, and Meta-Heuristic techniques which are specially used for the optimization of PMU placement with complete network observability. Furthermore, each PMU technique is explained, and performances are compared for the most appropriate and optimal placement of PMU methods, which can be recommended for a future work to get complete network observability.
The key factors in transforming Birjand city to a smart city: smart mobility, smart government
Authors: Ghasemi Amirhossein , Saberi Mohsen
Published: May 2020

The physical development of urban communities and cities, as well as the advancement of communication and information world, increased the need for advanced technologies. Nowadays, many urban planners and managers, especially the mangers of the intelligent transport system and smart government, are concerned with the transformation of physical cities to electronic cities and finally too smart cities in the real world. Making electronic cities smart requires the full participation of urban management organizations in different sectors. In addition, the required frameworks should be designed and implemented based on the close relations of these organizations with each other. This study aimed to investigate the key factors in transforming Birjand city into a smarter city by focusing on two components of the intelligent transport system and smart government. In smart government, a structure is recommended that is appropriate for launching and preparing the policies and regulations that need to be covered by different dimensions. In smart transportation component, one of the most important and valuable solutions to the problems of transportation is the intelligent transport system (ITS).  In this context, measuring potentials and implementing strategic planning can play a key role in increasing service delivery and reducing problems. This research design is an applied study. It intends to introduce the principles and dimensions of the intelligent transportation system and explore the potentials and strategic planning opportunities in Birjand city using a descriptive-analytical method. The data were collected by the library - documentary method. Furthermore, the study was conducted as field-survey research (interviews and questionnaires). In continuation, the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) of the intelligent transportation system were determined and analyzed using the SWOT strategic planning model. Finally, appropriate strategies were presented.
Impact analysis of SYN flood DDOS attack on HAPROXY and NLB cluster-base web servers
Authors: Zeebaree Subhi Rafeeq , Jacksi Karwan Fahmi , Zebari Rizgar Ramadhan
Published: May 2020

In recent, the high available internet service is main demand of the most people. However, online services occasionally become inaccessible due to various threats and attacks. Synchronization (SYN) flood Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) is the most used and has a serious effect on the public network services. Hence, the outcome of this attack on the commonly utilized cluster-based web servers is systematically illustrated in this paper. Moreover, performance of Internet Information Service 10.0 (IIS 10.0) on Windows server 2016 and Apache 2 on Linux Ubuntu 16.04 server is evaluated efficiently. The performance measuring process is done on both Network Load Balancing (NLB) and High Available Proxy (HAProxy) in Windows and Linux environments respectively as methods for web server load balancing.  Furthermore, stability, efficiency and responsiveness of the web servers are depended as the study evaluation metrics. Additionally, average CPU usage and throughput of the both mechanisms are measured in the proposed system. The results show that the IIS 10.0 cluster-based web servers are more responsiveness, efficiency and stable with and without SYN flood DDoS attack. Also, the performance of IIS 10.0 web server is better than of the Apache 2 in term of the average CPU usage and throughput.