bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between real-time polymerase chain reaction cycle threshold value and clinical presentation in children with Bordetella pertussis
Authors: Li Wen , Wang Huaping , Teng Shu , Sun Yalin , Jia Qi , Qi Zhenghong , Wang Lingbo , Yang Zhangnv , Zhao Shiyong
Published: September 2024

Background

The cycle threshold (Ct) value is inversely proportional to the number of copies of the target region in a sample, suggesting that a low Ct value indicates a high pathogen load. The relationship between Ct value and clinical presentation in children with pertussis is not well-defined.

Methods

We investigated the relationships between the Ct value of nasopharyngeal samples positive for Bordetella pertussis deoxyribonucleic acid via real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), collected from children on admission and their adult family members between May 2022 and March 2024 at Hangzhou Children’s Hospital, China. The study focused on the correlation between Ct value and clinical presentation in children with pertussis.

Results

The Ct value was positively correlated with age (r = 0.362, P = 0.001). The mean Ct value for children with pertussis was 28.0 (range: 22.0–32.0), which was lower than the 32.0 (range: 30.0–34.0) observed in adults. Ct value was inversely correlated with length of stay, an indicator of disease severity (r = -0.356, P = 0.001). Logistic regression analyses revealed that both Ct value (OR: 0.891, 95% CI: 0.799–0.993, P = 0.036) and white blood cell count (OR: 1.127, 95% CI: 1.005–1.263, P = 0.040) were independently associated with severity of pertussis.

Conclusions

Real-time PCR Ct values at initial diagnosis for pertussis may potentially predict severe disease outcomes in children.
The relation of mTOR with diabetic complications and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Amin Noha G. , Rahim A. Abdel , Rohoma Kamel , Elwafa Reham A.Abo , Dabees Hossam M. F. , Elrahmany Shimaa
Published: September 2024

Background

Dysregulation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been related to several metabolic conditions, notably obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). This study aimed to evaluate the role of mTOR in patients with T2DM, and its relationship with insulin resistance and microvascular complications.

Methods

This case-control study was conducted on 90 subjects attending the Outpatient Internal Medicine Clinic in Damanhur Teaching Hospital. Subjects were divided into 3 groups, Group I: 20 healthy controls, Group II: 20 subjects with T2DM without complications, and Group III: 50 subjects with T2DM with microvascular complications. An Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure serum mTOR levels. T2DM and diabetic complications were defined according to the diagnostic criteria of the American Diabetes Association.

Results

The results revealed significant positive correlations to HbA1c (r = 0.530, P < 0.001), fasting glucose (r = 0.508, P < 0.001), and HOMA- IR (r = 0.559, P < 0.001), and a significant negative correlation to eGFR (r=-0.370, P = 0.002). Multivariate analysis revealed an independent association of mTOR and HbA1c values with the presence of microvascular complications. The prediction of microvascular complications was present at a cutoff value of 8 ng/ml mTOR with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 95% with an AUC of 0.983 and a p-value < 0.001.

Conclusion

mTOR is a prognostic marker of diabetic microvascular and is associated with insulin resistance in patients with T2DM.

Trial Registration

The study was conducted following the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Ethics Committee of Alexandria University (0201127, 19/7/2018).
Role of [18F]FAPI-04 in staging and therapeutic management of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: prospective comparison with [18F]FDG PET/CT
Authors: Liang Jiucen , Jiang Shuqin , Song Jingjing , Chen Danyang , Weng Shaojuan , Li Shuyi , Peng Hao , Liu Zhidong , Zhang Jing , Chen Yuanlin , Rao Songquan , Chen Haipeng , Zhang Rusen , Liu Hao , Zhang Linqi
Published: September 2024

Background

Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has some limitations in diagnosis of Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).

Materials and methods

Patients with histologically confirmed ICC who underwent both [18F]FDG and 18F-labeled fibroblast-activation protein inhibitors ([18F]FAPI)-04 PET/CT were prospectively analyzed. The maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax), tumor-to-background ratio (TBR), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), [18F]FAPI–avid tumor volume (FTV), total lesion fibroblast activation protein expression (TLF) were compared between the two modalities by paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann–Whitney U test, and McNemar’s test was used to assess the diagnostic accuracy between the two techniques.

Results

In total, 23 patients with 389 lesions were included. Compared to [18F]FDG, [18F]F-FAPI-04 PET/CT demonstrated a higher detection rate for intrahepatic lesions (86.3% vs. 78.2% P = 0.040), lymph node metastases (85.2% vs. 68.2%, P = 0.007), peritoneal metastases (100% vs. 93.8%), and bone metastases (100% vs. 70.5%, P < 0.001). [18F]FAPI-04 PET showed higher SUVmax, TBR and greater tumor burden values than [18F]FDG PET in non-cholangitis intrahepatic lesions (SUVmax: 8.7 vs. 6.4, P < 0.001; TBR: 8.0 vs. 3.5, P < 0.001; FTV vs. MTV: 41.3 vs. 12.4, P < 0.001; TLF vs. TLG: 223.5 vs. 57.0, P < 0.001), lymph node metastases (SUVmax: 6.5 vs. 5.5, P = 0.042; TBR: 5.4 vs. 3.9, P < 0.001; FTV vs. MTV: 2.0 vs. 1.5, P = 0.026; TLF vs. TLG: 9.0 vs. 7.8 P = 0.024), and bone metastases (SUVmax: 9.7 vs. 5.25, P < 0.001; TBR: 10.8 vs. 3.0, P < 0.001; TLF vs. TLG: 9.8 vs. 4.2, P < 0.001). However, [18F]FDG showed higher radiotracer uptake (SUVmax: 14.7 vs. 8.4, P < 0.001; TBR: 7.4 vs. 2.8, P < 0.001) than [18F]FAPI-04 PET/CT for 6 patients with obstructive cholangitis. [18F]FAPI-04 PET/CT yielded a change in planned therapy in 6 of 23 (26.1%) patients compared with [18F]FDG.

Conclusions

[18F]FAPI-04 PET/CT had higher detection rate and radiotracer uptake than [18F]FDG PET/CT in intrahepatic lesions, lymph node metastases, and distant metastases, especially in bone. Therefore, [18F]FAPI-04 PET/CT may be a promising technique for diagnosis and staging of ICC.

Trial registration

Clinical Trials, NCT05485792. Registered 1 August 2022, retrospectively registered, https//clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05485792?cond=NCT05485792&rank=1.
Adult co-creators’ emotional and psychological experiences of the co-creation process: a Health CASCADE scoping review protocol
Authors: McCaffrey Lauren , McCann Bryan , Giné-Garriga Maria , An Qingfan , Cardon Greet , Chastin Sebastien François Martin , Chrifou Rabab , Lippke Sonia , Loisel Quentin , Longworth Giuliana Raffaella , Messiha Katrina , Vogelsang Mira , Whyte Emily , Dall Philippa Margaret
Published: September 2024

Background

There is a growing investment in the use of co-creation, reflected by an increase in co-created products, services, and interventions. At the same time, a growing recognition of the significance of co-creators’ experience can be detected but there is a gap in the aggregation of the literature with regard to experience. Therefore, the purpose of this scoping review is to uncover the breadth of existing empirical research on co-creation experience, how it has been defined and assessed, and its key emotional and psychological characteristics in the context of co-created products, services, or interventions among adults.

Methods

The development of the search strategy was guided by the research question, Arksey, and O’Malley’s scoping review methodology guidelines, and through collaboration with members of the Health CASCADE consortium. The results of the search and the study inclusion process will be reported in full and presented both narratively and by use of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for scoping review (PRISMA-ScR) flow diagram. Comprehensive searches of relevant electronic databases (e.g. Scopus) will be conducted to identify relevant papers. Snowball searches to identify additional papers through included full-text papers will be done using the artificial intelligence tool, namely, Connected Papers. All review steps will involve at least two reviewers. Studies in English, Dutch, Chinese, Spanish, and French, published from the year 1970 onwards, will be considered. Microsoft Excel software will be used to record and chart extracted data.

Discussion

The resulting scoping review could provide useful insights into adult co-creators’ experience of participating in the co-creation process. An increased understanding of the role of emotional and psychological experiences of participating in co-creation processes may help to inform the co-creation process and lead to potential benefits for the co-creators and co-created outcome.

Systematic review registration

10.5281/zenodo.7665851.
Universal substance use care for adolescents with chronic medical conditions: a protocol to examine equitable implementation determinants and strategies for SBIRT at a pediatric hospital
Authors: Williams Faith Summersett , Garofalo Robert , Karnik Niranjan S. , Donenberg Geri , Centola Hayley , Becker Sara , Welch Sarah , Kuhns Lisa
Published: September 2024

Background

Adolescents with chronic medical conditions (CMC) use alcohol and marijuana at levels equal to or even greater than their peers without CMC and are more likely to initiate substance use at 14 years or younger. Approximately 33% of adolescents with CMC binge drink alcohol and 20% use marijuana. When using substances, adolescents with CMC are at elevated risk for problem use and adverse consequences given their medical conditions. Although there has recently been progress integrating substance use services into adult hospitals, there has been almost no implementation of standardized substance use services into pediatric hospitals for adolescents with CMC. Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) for adolescents is an evidence-based, public health approach to promote the early detection and intervention of risky alcohol use in high-risk youth. This paper describes a study protocol combining two leading implementation science frameworks, the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and the Health Equity Implementation framework (HEIF), to engage pediatric hospital partners (hospital staff and clinicians, patients with CMC, and caregivers) to identify and specify contextual determinants of SBIRT implementation, which can be used to derive implementation strategies to optimize SBIRT adoption, reach, and fidelity.

Method

This study will use semi-structured interviews and focus groups with pediatric hospital partners (e.g., hospital staff and clinicians, adolescent patients, and caregivers) to identify SBIRT implementation determinants, using semi-structured interview and focus group guides that integrate CFIR and HEIF dimensions.

Discussion

Understanding implementation determinants is one of the first steps in the implementation science process. The use of two determinant frameworks highlighting a comprehensive set of determinants including health equity and justice will enable identification of barriers and facilitators that will then map on to strategies that address these factors. This study will serve as an essential precursor to further work evaluating the feasibility of and the degree of engagement with SBIRT among this vulnerable pediatric population.
Chikusetsusaponin IVa from Dolichos lablab Linne attenuates UVB-induced skin photoaging in mice by suppressing MAPK/AP-1 signaling
Authors: Kim Ki Mo , Im A.-Rang , Shim Ki-Shuk , Seo Chang-Seob , Lee Yongnam , Lee Jonghun , Yoo Ji Seok , Choi Sunga , Chae Sungwook
Published: September 2024

Ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation-induced photoaging of the skin is characterized by amplified expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and reduced collagen fibers, both of which contribute to skin wrinkle formation. Edible natural products can protect against skin photoaging. Here, we investigate the protective effect of Dolichos lablab Linne (DLL) water extract against UVB radiation-prompted skin damage and attempt to uncover its fundamental mechanisms in human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and HR-1 hairless mouse. We found DLL extract rescued the reduction in cell viability associated with UVB exposure without any associated cytotoxic effects. It also protected against skin photoaging by inhibiting mitogen-activating protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, thereby preventing the UVB-associated increase in MMP-1 and -9 expression. DLL extract also increased the expression of both superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and catalase (CAT). We identified chikusetsusaponin IVa, soyasaponin Bb, and sandosaponin A as bioactive components of DLL. Although we have not yet identified the mechanisms by which these compounds reduce the effects of photoaging, we have demonstrated that chikusetsusaponin IVa, soyasaponin Bb, and sandosaponin A reduce MMP-1, MMP-9, p–c-Fos, and p–c-Jun expression, while also avoiding any cytotoxicity. We found oral administration of DLL extract effectively alleviated dorsal epidermal thickening and skin dehydration in HR-1 hairless mouse visible to UVB. DLL extract also prevents UVB-induced activation of the MAPK/AP-1 signaling pathway, thereby reducing the expression of MMPs in dorsal mouse skin. Our results indicate that chikusetsusaponin IVa, soyasaponin Bb, and sandosaponin A are bioavailable components of DLL extract that can reduce UVB-induced skin damage via MMPs by deactivating the MAPK/AP-1 signaling pathway. These findings suggest DLL extract can be used as a skin anti-photoaging agent.
Higher abundance of DLD protein in buffalo bull spermatozoa causes elevated ROS production leading to early sperm capacitation and reduction in fertilizing ability
Authors: Karanwal Seema , Pal Ankit , Josan Fanny , Patel Aditya , Chera Jatinder Singh , Yadav Sonam , Gaur Vikrant , Verma Preeti , Badrhan Shiva , Chauhan Vitika , Bhakat Mukesh , Datta Tirtha Kumar , Kumar Rakesh
Published: September 2024

Backgroud

Before fertilization, spermatozoa undergo a crucial maturation step called capacitation, which is a unique event regulates the sperm’s ability for successful fertilization. The capacitation process takes place as the spermatozoa pass through the female reproductive tract (FRT). Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD) protein is a post-pyruvate metabolic enzyme, exhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production which causes capacitation. Additionally, other vital functions of DLD in buffalo spermatozoa are hyperactivation and acrosome reaction. DLD produces the optimum amount of ROS required to induce capacitation process in FRT. Depending on physiological or pathophysiological conditions, DLD can either enhance or attenuate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Aim of this study was to investigate whether changes in the production of ROS in sperm cells can impact their ability to fertilize by triggering the capacitation and acrosome reaction.

Results

In this study, abundance of DLD protein was quantified between high (n = 5) and low fertile bull (n = 5) spermatozoa. It was found that compared to high-fertile (HF) bulls, low-fertile (LF) bulls exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) higher DLD abundances. Herein, we optimised the MICA concentration to inhibit DLD function, spermatozoa were treated with MICA in time (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 h) and concentrations (1, 2.5, 5, and 10 mmol/L) dependent manner. Maximum DLD inhibition was found to be at 4 h in 10 mmol/L MICA concentration, which was used for further experimentation in HF and LF. Based on DLD inhibition it was seen that LF bull spermatozoa exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) higher ROS production and acrosome reaction in comparison to the HF bull spermatozoa. The kinematic parameters of the spermatozoa such as percent total motility, velocity parameters (VCL, VSL, and VAP) and other parameters (BCF, STR, and LIN) were also decreased in MICA treated spermatozoa in comparison to the control (capacitated) spermatozoa.

Conclusions

The present study provides an initial evidence explaining the buffalo bull spermatozoa with higher DLD abundance undergo early capacitation, which subsequently reduces their capacity to fertilize.
Spatial resolved transcriptomics reveals distinct cross-talk between cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Dong Zhao-Ru , Zhang Meng-Ya , Qu Ling-Xin , Zou Jie , Yang Yong-Heng , Ma Yun-Long , Yang Chun-Cheng , Cao Xue-Lei , Wang Li-Yuan , Zhang Xiao-Lu , Li Tao
Published: September 2024

Background

Multiple studies have shown that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) promote cancer initiation and progression. However, the reprogramming of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the cross-talk between TAMs and malignant subclones in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) has not been fully characterized, especially in a spatially resolved manner. Deciphering the spatial architecture of variable tissue cellular components in iCCA could contribute to the positional context of gene expression containing information pathological changes and cellular variability.

Methods

Here, we applied spatial transcriptomics (ST) and digital spatial profiler (DSP) technologies with tumor sections from patients with iCCA.

Results

The results reveal that spatial inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneities feature iCCA malignancy, and tumor subclones are mainly driven by physical proximity. Tumor cells with TME components shaped the intra-sectional heterogenetic spatial architecture. Macrophages are the most infiltrated TME component in iCCA. The protein trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) secreted by the malignant subclone can induce macrophages to reprogram to a tumor-promoting state, which in turn contributes to an immune-suppressive environment and boosts tumor progression.

Conclusions

In conclusion, our description of the iCCA ecosystem in a spatially resolved manner provides novel insights into the spatial features and the immune suppressive landscapes of TME for iCCA.
Ergonomic glove pattern drafting method for hand assistive devices: considering 3D hand dimensions and finger mobility
Authors: Lee Soo-Min , Park Juyeon
Published: September 2024

Recently, interest has surged in glove-type assistive devices for relieving hand muscle stiffness caused by brain lesions. This study aims to develop an ergonomic method for drafting glove patterns intended for hand-assistive devices. To facilitate pattern development, we acquired three-dimensional (3D) scan data from the four hemiplegic patients while their hands were in a relaxed posture, which was subsequently transformed into two-dimensional (2D) data. Based on the 3D shape data, we analyzed the finger joint range of motion (ROM) and change ratio of skin surface length resulting from flexion and extension movements of the paralyzed hand. Incisions were strategically applied to regions displaying significant variations in these parameters. These flattened 2D patterns were then integrated into revised pattern blocks to enhance the shading data related to the 3D shape, resulting in the development of four glove patterns. We found that gloves prototyped using this innovative pattern-drafting method did not impede joint ROM when worn. Changes in clothing pressure inside the glove at the joints corresponded to the bending angles of the fingers, and the pressure did not exceed the discomfort threshold during hand flexion and extension movements. Importantly, participants provided positive subjective feedback concerning the comfort of the gloves. Our findings yield fundamental data for developing a foundational glove design for hand-assisted devices for patients with paralysis, achieved through the utilization of this novel ergonomic glove pattern-drafting method.
Advanced esophagogastric junction mixed neuroendocrine–non-neuroendocrine neoplasm with long-term recurrence-free survival
Authors: Takenaka Shunsuke , Tsuji Toshikatsu , Doden Kenta , Hayashi Saki , Shimada Mari , Saito Hiroto , Yamamoto Daisuke , Okamoto Koichi , Ikeda Hiroko , Moriyama Hideki , Kinoshita Jun , Sato Yasunori , Ninomiya Itasu , Inaki Noriyuki
Published: September 2024

Background

Mixed neuroendocrine–non-neuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNEN) is a rare malignant gastrointestinal tumor. The prognosis of patients with MiNEN is poor because of the high frequency of recurrence and metastases. We report a case of esophagogastric junction MiNEN (EGJ-MiNEN) with a long-term recurrence-free survival of 5.5 years.

Case presentation

A 58-year-old male patient underwent thoracoscopic esophagectomy for esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful. R0 resection was achieved, and the pathological diagnosis of the surgical specimen was pT3N2M0 Stage IIIA (according to the Japanese Classification of Gastric Cancer, 4th edition). Based on the pathology results, the patient was treated with postoperative adjuvant therapy with oral S-1. The patient maintained recurrence-free survival for 5.5 years postoperatively. However, 6 years postoperatively, the patient visited our department with cachexia. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a large amount of ascites and pleural effusion. He rapidly developed a poor circulatory and respiratory status and died 16 days after admission. An autopsy revealed severe bloody ascites and pleural effusion, as well as numerous nodules on the pleura and mesentery. Immunohistochemistry of the nodules revealed positivity for chromogranin A, Synaptophysin A, neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM or CD56), and insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1). The specimen showed a mixture of adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine cell carcinoma and was diagnosed as MiNEN. Retrospective immunostaining of the surgical specimen showed similar results, and we diagnosed the patient with recurrence of EGJ-MiNEN.

Conclusion

MiNEN has a poor prognosis; however, in some cases, long-term recurrence-free survival is achieved with radical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy.
Laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair for a patient with Laugier’s and inguinal hernia
Authors: Yamamoto Masaaki , Takeno Atsushi , Toshiyama Reishi , Tokuyama Shinji , Kawai Kenji , Takahashi Yusuke , Sakai Kenji , Hama Naoki , Kato Takeshi , Hirao Motohiro
Published: September 2024

Background

Laugier’s hernia is a very rare atypical femoral hernia and is challenging to diagnose preoperatively. Herein, we report a rare case of inguinal and Laugier’s hernias treated with laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair.

Case presentation

A 63-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with right groin swelling for 4 years. Computed tomography revealed an indirect inguinal hernia with protrusion of the small intestine. The preoperative diagnosis was right indirect inguinal hernia; Laugier’s hernia was unknown. The patient underwent laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair. During the surgery, part of the perivesical adipose tissue penetrated the lacunar ligament. It was located medial to the typical site of a femoral hernia. Thus, Laugier's hernia was diagnosed. Finally, laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair was performed for Laugier's hernia and inguinal hernia. The postoperative course was good, without recurrence.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of inguinal and Laugier’s hernia treated with laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair. Surgeons should be mindful that inguinal hernias can occur concurrently with other types of hernias, such as femoral hernias, including atypical variants like Laugier's hernia. Additionally, they should actively consider laparoscopic approaches such as transabdominal preperitoneal for femoral hernias. These approaches are beneficial for precise diagnosis, confirming the presence of other hernias, and simultaneously treating all coexisting inguinal hernias.
A case of refractory chylothorax due to an unenclosed esophageal hiatus after subtotal esophagectomy treated with lipiodol lymphangiography
Authors: Kaneda Koji , Miwa Takeshi , Okumura Tomoyuki , Numata Yoshihisa , Fukasawa Mina , Watanabe Toru , Hashimoto Isaya , Naruto Norihito , Fujii Tsutomu
Published: September 2024

Background

Chylothorax, a rare but serious complication following esophagectomy, can lead to dehydration, malnutrition, and even mortality. Surgical intervention is considered when conservative treatment is ineffective; however, in some refractory cases, the cause of chylothorax remains unclear. We report a case of refractory chylothorax caused by abdominal chyle leakage into the pleural space via an unenclosed esophageal hiatus.

Case presentation

A 66-year-old man was diagnosed with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The patient underwent robot-assisted thoracoscopic subtotal esophagectomy in the prone position with retrosternal gastric tube reconstruction following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The thoracic duct was ligated and resected because of tumor invasion. Chylothorax and chylous ascites were observed 2 weeks after surgery but did not improve despite conservative management with medications and drainage. Lymphoscintigraphy through the inguinal lymph node showed tracer accumulation in the fluid in both the abdominal and pleural spaces. Lipiodol lymphangiography revealed abdominal lymphoid leakage, but no leakage was detected from the thoracic duct or mediastinum. We considered that the chylothorax was caused by chylous ascites flowing into the pleural space via an unenclosed esophageal hiatus, and we performed surgical intervention. Laparotomy revealed abdominal chyle leakage and a fistula at the esophageal hiatus with the inflow of ascites into the thoracic cavity. Lipiodol lymphangiography was additionally performed for treating abdominal lymphorrhea after surgery, and resulted in the improvement of the chylothorax and ascites. The patient was discharged with no recurrence of chylothorax or chylous ascites.

Conclusions

Refractory chylothorax can occur due to chylous ascites flowing into the pleural space via an unenclosed esophageal hiatus. When the site of chylothorax leakage is unclear, the possibility of inflowing chylous ascites via the unenclosed esophageal hiatus should be explored. Esophageal hiatus closure and lipiodol lymphangiography could be effective in treating refractory chylothorax of unknown cause after esophagectomy.
Holistic application of the one health approach in the prevention and control of rabies: plausible steps towards achieving the 2030 vision in Africa
Authors: Akinsulie Olalekan Chris , Adebowale Oluwawemimo Oluseun , Adesola Ridwan Olamilekan , Banwo Olamilekan Gabriel , Idris Ibrahim , Ogunleye Seto Charles , Fasakin Oluwole , Bakre Adetolase , Oladapo Ifeoluwa Peace , Aliyu Victor Ayodele , Waniwa Emily Onesai , Fasiku Oluwatobi , Joshi Melina , Olorunshola Mercy
Published: September 2024

Rabies remains a significant public health challenge in Africa, primarily burdening impoverished rural communities, with children and young adults being the most vulnerable. Achieving complete elimination in the continent by 2030 requires a coordinated effort hinged on the One Health concept, external support from international organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO) and the national governments of endemic countries. Here, we reviewed the various socio-economic and ecological factors influencing the spatial distribution and molecular epidemiology of the disease. To mitigate the transmission of rabies on a global scale, and specifically in Africa, we proposed a multi-pronged approach including enhanced access to healthcare resources, cultural sensitization and massive health promotion with efforts geared towards promoting responsible dog and pet ownership and population management, effective monitoring, and mitigation of environmental changes.
Why is Antactic krill (Euphasia superba) oil on the spotlight? A review
Authors: Shahidi Fereidoon , Abad Abrehem
Published: September 2024

Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) oil is attracting more interest for its nutritional as well as functional potentials. Nevertheless, its potential as new and innovative food component remains largely unexplored. This review aims to outline the chemical composition, extraction methods, and health advantages of krill oil, offering insights for its utilization and provides evidence why it is now on the spotlight. Krill oil presents a distinctive fat profile, rich in lipid classes, with phospholipids (PLs) comprising a significant portion (38.93—79.99%) with high levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Additionally, it includes several minor bioactive components like astaxanthin, tocopherols, sterols, flavonoids, and vitamin A. Various extraction technics, including solvent and solvent-free extraction, enzyme-assisted pretreatment extraction, super/subcritical fluid extraction, significantly influence both output as well as standard of the resulting product. Furthermore, the oil had been linked to a number of health advantages, including prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), anti-inflammatory effects, support for women's physiology, anticancer activities, as well as neuroprotection, among others. Despite the commercial availability of krill oil products as dietary supplement, there is a scarcity of studies exploring the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for its various biological activities. Despite this, apply krill oil as an innovative food ingredient has not been thoroughly investigated. This review consolidates information on the chemical composition, extraction techniques, possible health advantages, as well as existing uses as applications, aiming to offer insights for its complete exploitation. In addition, it attempts to unravel the fundamental molecular mechanisms that being investigated to deeply understand how krill oil produces various biological effects.

Graphical Abstract
Speak for yourself: usability and acceptability of audio diaries to explore physical activity, sedentary and sleep behaviours of those living with severe mental illness
Authors: Pina Ilaria , Hodgson Philip , Anderson Kirstie , Oliver Emily J.
Published: September 2024

Background

People living with severe mental illness (SMI) face significant health inequalities, including reduced quality of life and life expectancy. Evidence has shown that people living with SMI are highly sedentary, face challenges when seeking to engage in physical activity (PA), and experience sleep difficulties. Motivation, mood and energy have been identified as critical determinants of these behaviours. PA and sleep are traditionally measured in isolation using quantitative approaches, limiting our understanding of the contexts and interactive ways in which these occur, especially for this population. Here, we adopted a flexible and holistic approach, using audio diaries to explore the usability and acceptability of capturing movement behaviours in people living with SMI.

Methods

This study employed a qualitative design. Data were collected with 10 participants self-identifying as living with SMI, who completed 7-days of audio diaries, pre and post diary use interviews. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse participants’ movement behaviours and their experiences of using the audio diaries.

Results

Audio diaries were perceived as acceptable to participants and their use for data capture was feasible, with participants experiencing their use as a flexible and empowering method of data capture. Within the exploratory data generated we identified four themes relating to participants’ movement behaviours: finding themselves in a “vicious circle” with physical and mental issues impacting movement behaviours; a daily internal fight and dialogue concerning fear of feeling guilty and wasting time; a determination to “not let fatigue win” by pushing through the day; and the mixed effects of understanding the importance of movement behaviours yet finding it challenging to engage.

Conclusion

Audio diaries offered an easy to use and relatively inclusive means of exploring movement behaviours for people living with SMI, especially their context and interrelated nature. Our findings reinforced the well-established link between mental and physical health, and their influence on 24 h movement behaviours, identifying population-specific challenges derived from medication side effects, rigid engagement opportunities, and illness symptoms. Given this, co-production involving individuals with lived experience is crucial for developing tailored recommendations and support to promote sleep and movement among those living with SMI. We emphasized the need for holistic measurement approaches and opportunities that consider the interconnected impact of disrupted sleep and movement.
Contextual Boundaries: Skin Tone Stratification and Skill Transferability Among Mexicans in the Age of Mass Migration
Authors: Catron Peter , Vignau Loría María , Farr Sarah
Published: September 2024

An extensive literature has focused on the association between human, social, and economic capital and better immigrant economic attainment, and how these characteristics contribute to stratification among members of the same group. However, few studies have explored how racialization processes contribute to these within-group differences. We examine the role of intragroup differences in skin tone in stratifying outcomes among Mexican immigrants in the early twentieth century. We create a new dataset of 1910–1940 Mexican border-crossing records that we then link to the U.S. 1940 census. We use characteristics at entry to predict income in 1940 and find that—in line with dominant assimilation theories—standard measures of capital are associated with within-group attainment differences. However, we also find skin tone to be a source of within-group stratification: being perceived as having darker skin is associated with lower subsequent economic attainment than being perceived as having lighter skin. Furthermore, whereas human and social capital transcended context to allow migrants to transfer those skills anywhere, the effect of skin tone was significant only in Texas and not in other major receiving places like California. We argue that although standard measures of assimilation typically predict later outcomes, the stratifying effect of skin tone has long been a feature of Mexican immigration.
Revisiting the Occupational Health Impact of Right-to-Work Laws: A Research Note
Authors: Zang Emma , Hu Qinyou , Wang Zitong
Published: September 2024

This research note reevaluates the occupational health impact of right-to-work (RTW) legislation, incorporating recent developments in causal inference techniques. In an era marked by an uptick in the adoption of anti-union legislation and increases in workplace fatalities and injuries, it is particularly urgent to examine the extent to which RTW laws affect workers’ health. Using a state-year-level dataset spanning 28 years and collected from multiple data sources, we apply an innovative generalized synthetic control method to overcome several limitations of the traditional two-way fixed-effects approach to examine the effect of RTW laws on occupational fatal injuries as well as various other health outcomes. Robustness checks were conducted using a wide range of alternative methods for two-way fixed-effects adjustments. In contrast with findings from previous studies, we found null effects on occupational fatal injuries, as well as on all other health outcomes. Overall, our results indicate that findings from previous studies are based on very thin empirical evidence, with potentially underestimated standard errors and unobserved confounders. Our results highlight the importance of revisiting research questions using updated methodological tools.
The Enlightenment's Dark Spaces: Library as Heterotopia in The Dunciad in Four Books (1743)
Authors: Baird Ileana
Published: September 2024

Drawing on Michel Foucault's seminal essay, “Of Other Spaces,” I will explore Colley Cibber's library as a “heterotopia of indefinitely accumulating time,” a space that symbolically represents, in Pope's imaginative world, the dangers posed by a modernity gone wild to the values epitomized by classic antiquity. Like Virgil, who guides Dante through Inferno, Pope leads his readers through the library's circles of folly, demonstrating that Cibber's confusion of space, time, and value is a consequence of his misguided relationship with his books. In this library, Cibber's books—classic, gilded, or voluminous—are assigned specific spaces: the exemplary ones are stashed under the beautiful, the lavishly adorned are crammed under the pedantical, or, in Cibber's case, the books of a plagiary. This hierarchy reflects the value system promoted, in Pope's view, by the moderns, whose political and cultural corruption inevitably results in subpar productions and debasement of taste. Within the larger argument of the poem, Pope's radical rewriting of Theobald's monologue and immolation scene from the Variorum to fit the new hero better delivers the poem's message of the intertwining of writing and political compromise, which becomes a major theme of the Dunciad in Four Books.
The role of cilia in the development, survival, and regeneration of hair cells
Authors: Boldizar Hope , Friedman Amanda , Stanley Tess , Padilla María , Galdieri Jennifer , Sclar Arielle , Stawicki Tamara M.
Published: September 2024

Mutations impacting cilia genes lead to a class of human diseases known as ciliopathies. This is due to the role of cilia in the development, survival, and regeneration of many cell types. We investigated the extent to which disrupting cilia impacted these processes in lateral line hair cells of zebrafish. We found that mutations in two intraflagellar transport (IFT) genes, ift88 and dync2h1, which lead to the loss of kinocilia, caused increased hair cell apoptosis. IFT gene mutants also have a decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and blocking the mitochondrial uniporter causes a loss of hair cells in wild-type zebrafish but not mutants, suggesting mitochondria dysfunction may contribute to the apoptosis seen in these mutants. These mutants also showed decreased proliferation during hair cell regeneration but did not show consistent changes in support cell number or proliferation during hair cell development. These results show that the loss of hair cells seen following disruption of cilia through either mutations in anterograde or retrograde IFT genes appears to be due to impacts on hair cell survival but not necessarily development in the zebrafish lateral line.
Diversidade e seus múltiplos sentidos
Authors: Toneli Maria José
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: explorar diferentes sentidos contidos no conceito de diversidade e suas intersecções.
Estado da arte: o artigo apresenta o debate contemporâneo sobre a complexidade que envolve a inclusão de grupos minorizados nas organizações.
Originalidade: o artigo expõe conceitos pouco explorados no debate sobre diversidade nas organizações.
Impactos: os conceitos apresentados no artigo podem apoiar os gestores nas tomadas de decisão para equidade e a inclusão de grupos minorizados nas organizações.
Os desafios da universalização do saneamento básico em assentamentos precários
Authors: Neves Santiago Antônia Vitória , Gomes Teixeira Erika , Ferreira da Costa Eudalia Ellen , Remylze Silvestre Ribeiro Thaís , Quezado Costa Lima Mariana
Published: September 2024

O presente trabalho consiste em uma análise das pesquisas recentes sobre os desafios da universalização do saneamento básico em assentamentos precários, uma vez que esses espaços possuem especificidades, sendo importante analisar soluções não convencionais aplicáveis. Após as leituras, foi possível observar que a boa condição das quatro dimensões do saneamento básico (água potável, esgotamento sanitário, drenagem de águas pluviais e resíduos sólidos) impacta diretamente na qualidade de vida das pessoas, e sua ampliação depende não só de soluções alternativas baseadas em características específicas de cada assentamento, mas também de intervenção de políticas públicas, de modo que a universalização desse sistema seja, de fato, cumprida.Palavras-chave: assentamentos precários; saneamento básico; esgotamento sanitário.
Características do guidance divulgado pelas empresas listadas na B3
Authors: Domingos Sylvia , Maria Rodrigues Ponte Vera , Barroso Silva Régis
Published: September 2024

O estudo procurou analisar as características do guidance divulgado por empresas brasileiras listadas na B3. A amostra utilizada no estudo abrangeu as empresas listadas na B3 S.A. - Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão durante o período de 2010 a 2020. Foram coletados e analisados dados acerca do guidance divulgado pelas empresas. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o guidance predominantemente adotado é de natureza quantitativa e monetária, com projeções anuais, estimativas precisas e foco no curto prazo. É importante notar que não há uniformidade na divulgação, reforçando a necessidade da preparação de mais orientações específicas sobre o assunto. Este estudo contribui para enriquecer o debate em torno das características do guidance, dada a escassez de estudos sobre o tema.Palavras-chave: guidance; companhias abertas; características.
„Nie żałuję wyboru…”: Studia i materiały do badań nad życiem i twórczością Heleny Modrzejewskiej
Authors: Kędziora Alicja , Orzechowski Emil
Published: September 2024

Wartość naukowa zaproponowanych artykułów widoczna jest zarówno w wykorzystaniu nieznanych archiwaliów, jak i w niesztampowej, konstruktywnej analizie powszechnie dostępnych materiałów źródłowych. Każdy z artykułów nie tylko potwierdza znakomitą znajomość przedmiotu badań, ale świadczy także o erudycji i szerokiej wiedzy jego autora. Różnorodność zaprezentowanych zagadnień kolejny raz dowodzi, że temat Heleny Modrzejewskiej nie został jeszcze wyczerpany, a wciąż odkrywane nowe materiały weryfikują wiedzę na temat życia i działalności znakomitej artystki. Z recenzji dr Agnieszki Kowalskiej
Note on Optimal Procurement Mechanisms for Assembly
Authors: Shan Xi , Ye Lixin , Zhang Chenglin
Published: September 2024

Problem definition: We consider contract confidentiality in a decentralized supply chain, in which a single principal orders different components from different agents, each of which has private cost information. The principal may commit to publicly observed bilateral contracts or offer secretly observed contracts to each agent simultaneously. We also consider the problem of sequential contracting. Methodology/results: By correcting the main analysis in Hu and Qi [Hu B, Qi A (2018) Optimal procurement mechanisms for assembly. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 20(4):655–666], we employ passive beliefs to study secret contracting. We show that there is a unique configuration of two-part tariffs under secret offers in both simultaneous and sequential contracting. We also extend the analysis to take into account ex post individual rationality (IR), which is arguably more relevant in this assembly setting. With ex post IR, we show that the traditional two-part tariffs should be augmented with payment adjustments. Managerial implications: We find that the efficiency achieved through public offers can be maintained with secret offers in this assembly setting contrary to conventional wisdom. Our analysis, thus, offers an explanation for why nondisclosure agreements are important and common in practice.

Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72192805].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2024.0907 .
Effect of Weight Control Program on Weight Gain and Self-Esteem of Psychiatric Inpatients
Authors: Im Hee Su , Han KuemSun , Chung HaeKyung
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study was designed to examine the effects of weight control program on weight gain and self-esteem of psychiatric inpatients. Methods: The study employed quasi- experimental design. The subjects included 41 patient with mental illness, 20 in experimental group, and 21 in the control group. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and body weight scale over a 7 months period. Results: There were significantly decrease in scores of weight gain in experimental group compare to control group. Also, there was increase score of self-esteem in posttest than pretest of experimental group. Conclusion: The weight control program have effect on decreasing weight gain and increasing self-esteem of psychiatric inpatients.
The Effects of School-Based Mental Health Program on Stress, Self-esteem, Emotional-Behavioral Problem and Social Competence of Middle School Students
Authors: Choi Bong Sil , Lee Chung Sook , Kim Su Jin
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effect of a school-based mental health program on stress, self-esteem, emotional-behavioral problem and social competence of middle school students. Methods: The total subjects were 289 (146 Exp. and 143 Cont.) of the schools in G city. The program was conducted as an elective course with 24-sessions, 45 minutes per session for every week. The program focused topics: self awareness, interpersonal relationship, problem solving, improving academic performance. The data were collected from March 3 to December 13, 2003, and analysed by x 2 -test, t-test Using SPSS-PC+. Results: 1) After this program, there were significant difference in stress, emotional-behavioral problem and social competence between the experimental group and the control group. But there was not significant difference in self-esteem between two groups. Conclusion: This program is effective intervention for stress, emotional-behavioral problem and social competence of middle school students. Therefore, we recommended that this program is applied students to early prevent mental health problem and lead to improvements mental health in school setting.
The Effects of Meditation Therapy on the Social Anxiety in Nursing Students
Authors: Choi Yeon-Ja
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of meditation therapy on the social anxiety. Methods: The subjects of this study were totally 111(54 in the experimental group, 57 in the control group) as nursing students. Research design was nonequivalcnt control group pretest - posttest quasi-experimental research. The period was from March to October, 2006. The researcher gave experimental group experiment time over total 12 times for 4 weeks: 60 minutes in a time, 3 times in a week. Collected data were analyzed by t-test with Minitab program. The tool of Social Anxiety was used as a Social Avoidance and Distress Scale(SADS). Results: The scores of Social Anxiety was significantly decreased, and the Social Anxiety was decreased after meditation therapy in experimental group. Conclusion: In lights of the results, meditation therapy has a positive effects on Social Anxiety decrease in nursing students.
Prediction Model on the Psychological Outcomes in Battered Women
Authors: Sohn Jung Nam , Cha Bo Kyoung
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study was designed to construct a structural model for explaining psychological outcomes in battered women.Methods: Data were collected by questionnaires from 261 battered women. Data analysis was done with SPSS for descriptive statistics and a PC-LISREL Program for Covariance structural analysis. Results: According to modified model, mild physical violence had a significant direct effect on anger, social support, marital stability, and helplessness. Social support had a significant direct effect on self esteem, depression and suicidal risk. Marital stability had a significant direct effect on helplessness and depression. Anger expression method had a significant direct effect on social support, marital stability, self esteem, helplessness, depression, and suicidal risk. Self esteem had a significant direct effect on helplessness and suicidal risk. Helplessness had a significant direct effect on depression and suicidal risk. Depression had a significant direct effect on suicidal risk.Conclusion: The derived model is considered appropriate for explaining and predicting psychological outcomes in battered women.