bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neogene Vertebrate Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Nepal
Authors: West Robert M. , Munthe Jens
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

For the past 150 years, the Siwalik Group, a Miocene through Pleistocene molasse along the flank of the Himalaya has been studied intensively stratigraphically and paleontologically in both India and Pakistan. This work recently has been extended into Nepal, where a presumably complete Siwalik section is present, and a modest number of vertebrate fossils have been found. All but one of Nepalese Siwalik vertebrates hare been collected along the southern edge of the Dang Valley in western Nepal. Two assemblages are now known. The older is of presumed Miocene age and likely equivalent to the fauna of the Chinji Formation in Pakistan. The other is of late Pliocene to early Pleistocene age and similar to the Indian Pinjor fauna.

In addition, Plio-Pleistocene vertebrates have been reported from fluvial intermontane deposits in the Kathmandu Valley.

As studies of radiometric dating, magnetostratigraphy, physical stratigraphy and fossil distributions are extended into Nepal, the place of the Nepalese Siwaliks and basin deposits will become increasingly clear.
Geology and Soil of Dhankuta area eastern Nepal
Authors: Kayastha N. B.
Published: April 2021

A geological map of 200 sq. km of Dhankuta area is presented. Mapped geological formations recognized include Dhankuta and Mulghat formations of Precambrian- Lower Paleozoic age. The Dhaukuta Formation comprises of garnet- biotite- muscovite- quartz schist and gneiss with conspicuous beds of grey and white quartzite. The Mulghat Formation is differentiable into three members and includes schistose phyllite and actinolite schist with carbonates, garnetiferous phyllite with sills of amphibolite, and phyllite and quartzite. The general strike of the formation is east west and dips northerly in order of 20° to 60°. The east- west trending Tamar fault passes to the south of Dhankuta Bazar. The nature of the soil present in Dhankuta Bazar is non-plastic and is formed by insitu weathering of the parent rock. The deep gullies are prominent feature caused by an intensive erosion and denudation of the soil and the instability of the surface could largely be attributed to this factor. A few stone quarries can be operated around Dhankuta Bazar for the supply of building and dimension stones to minimise the immediate brick problem.
A note to the weathering process in the east Nepal Himalayas
Authors: Kalvoda Jan , Smolikova Libuse
Published: April 2021

The variability of the climato-morphogeoetic processes of the Himalaya during the Quaternary was due-in addition to the global climatic variations of the Earth-to the orogenic changes of the volume and shape of these mountains. In this paper the main modellation features of weathering processes in the East Nepal Himalayas on the examples of the soil genesis and glacigenous stratigraphy accumulations are summarized. The rates of the original mountain vault destruction and transport of the disintegrated masses depend on the intensity of the weathering processes of rocks controlled by the climatic conditions, and are a function of the potential energy of the highest mountain massifs.
Geology and structure of the main central thrust zone of the annapurna range, central Nepal Himalayas
Authors: Kano Takashi
Published: April 2021

The present paper describes the geology, structure, tectonic history and petrographical feature of lithologic constituents of the region around (MCT) zone. The report area is lithologically divided into four geologic units; the Midland zone, the MCT zone, the himalayan gneiss zone and the Tibetan Tethys zone. The MCT zone is distinguished by the lower augen gneiss zone, (MCT-2) and the upper thrust fault (MCT-1).

Three stages of deformations are recognized in the area: the first, the two sets of widespread foldings with striation-like forms, which are comparable to the southwards thrusting of MCT; and the third, latest upwards movement of the Higher Himalayas. Mode of occurrence and petrographical feature of augen gneisses suggest close genetical relations with the movements of MCT and/or the activity of younger turmaline granites.
Glacial landforms and river terraces in the thakkhola regions, central Nepal
Authors: Iwata Shuji , Yamanaka Hidetsugu , Yoshida Mitsuo
Published: April 2021

In order to clarify the relationship between the river terraces and the glacial landforms, and the deformation of the river terraces, a series of field surveys was carried out in the upper course of the Kali Gandaki. Between Ghasa and Marpha, there are manyrried out in which were formed by the glaciers from the tributaries. These moraines dammed up the Kali Gandaki, and accordingly, conspicuous terraces are developed upstream. The Middle Terraces are considered to correlate with the Last Glacial age by the paleomagnetic measurements of the deposits at Kingar in the Muktinath basin. Along the kali Gandaki, the river terraces increases their relative heights above the river bed towards the Great Himalayan Range. This suggests that the uplift of the Great Himalayan Range have continued up to present.
Terrace landforms and quaternary deposit arounf Pokhara Valley, central Nepal
Authors: Yamanaka Hidetsugu , Yoshida Mitsuo , Arrita Kazunori
Published: April 2021

The Pokhara Valley, a typical intramontane basin in the Nepal Himalayas, is spread around the midstream of the Seti Khola. It is filled with a large volume of gravelly deposits brought mostly from the Annapurna Himal, and  splendid river terraces are present. Thus the Pokhara Valley is endowed with excellent conditions for the Quaternary chronological study of the Himalayas.

Quaternary deposits in the valley are divided into nine stratigraphic units. Among them, the Ghachok and Pokhara Formations are most prominent, forming conspicuous accumulation terraces named the Pokhara and Ghachok Terraces. So far these accumulations were cosidered to have taken  place during the glacial ages. In this study, however, the Pokhara Formation was dated by radiocarbon method to prove that the accumulation occurred in the late Holocene.

Hagen (1969) considered that the Pokhara Valley, as well as the Kathmandu Valley, was once occupied by a single huge lake, and his hypothesis has many followers in spite of Gurung (1970)'s refutation. According to  the present study, however only marginal lakes were formed due to damming of tributaries, and the possibility of the existance of a single huge lake in the Pokhara Valley is ruled out.
Geodetic surveying in Nepal
Authors: Yokoyama Kotaro , Omura Makoto
Published: April 2021

In 1980, one quadrilateral base line and two levelling lines were set at Dana and Kerabari, central Nepal. For the determination of fault movements along M.C.T. and M.B.F. repeated surveying was  planned. In this paper disposition of surveyed points and the results of the first survey are reported. The next survey is scheduled in 1984.
Jurassic ammonites from the Muktinath region, central Nepal
Authors: Kamada Kotaro , Arrita Kazunori , Yoshida Mitsuo
Published: April 2021

Three species of Oxfordian ammonites, Epimayaites aff. lemoini (Spath). Paryphoceras badiense Spath and Dichotomosphinctes subhelenae spath are described and figured from the Muktinath region of Central Nepal. They are all identified with the forms known from Cutch (=Kutch), and are the elements of Ethiopian "Province" of Hallam (1971).
Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Palung Granite Massif
Authors: Sharma M. P.
Published: April 2021

Palung massif which has a sharp contact with the country rocks, is one of those six granitic bodies that are situated in the Mahabharat Range of Central Nepal. This massif is a multiphase intrusive containing a number of facies rock varieties. The most widely distributed facies are coarse grained inequigranular porphyritic tourmaline granites in the central part and inequigranular tourmaline granites with portions of micropegmatitic texture in the apical part. Mineralogical and geochemical studies reveal that these granites are probably leucocratic differentiate of palingenetic granitic magma.
Earthquake of July 1980 in Far Western Nepal
Authors: Singh Vinod
Published: April 2021

This paper is an attempt to study the seismicity of the Nepal Himalaya and the earth-quake of July 1980 of Magnitude 6.5 in western Nepal on its regional geological framework. A new fault plane solution is obtained for this earthquake from the study of P wave motion on WWSSN Seismograms at 34 stations. The solution given by Kanamori and Given is not in conformity with the observed P wave first motion. The damaged area is elongated in the azimuth of 110°-120°, which is parallel to the strike of the nodal plane obtained in this study. From the study of the seismicity of Nepal region it is observed that most of the seismicity in recent years is confined in between the Main Central Thrust and the Main Boundary Thrust.
Geophysical investigation for Copper-Sulphide ore at Dhusa, Nepal
Authors: Bajracharya R. B.
Published: April 2021

Self-Potential, Induced Polarisation and Magnetic Surveys conducted in an anomalous zone delineated by preliminary to advanced stages of geochemical exploration showed good correlation with the geochemical anomaly. SP and IP survey conducted have a very limited depth of investigation. Qualitative interpretation of SP curves clearly indicated the existence of two faults, whereas combined results of SP and IP showed weathered and "deep­ seated" (30m) polarizable body. The magnetic survey did not give any significant result.

Three bore holes drilled in the best geophysical, geochemical anomaly zone intersected mineralization of chalcopyrite chalcocite and pyrite with an average grade of 0.17% Cu over 38m true thickness. The post drilling IP and resistivity sounding conducted at 10 points along a line passing through one of the drill holes indicated the possibility of better mineralization further down dip. The mineralization is expected to be present in the form of lenses.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF THE MUCOSA AND CARTILAGE OF THE LARYNX OF RATS IN NORMAL
Authors: Ivasivka Kh. P.  , Paltov E. V.  , Masna Z. Z.
Published: April 2021

The aim was to conduct a fundamental study of the issue concerning the morphological organization of the mucous membrane and cartilaginous corset of the rat larynx in the norm. Our goal is achieved through the use of morphological methods of preparation and microstructural research.This information in the future will allow to form a morphological base, which will be used to compare the components of the mucous membrane and cartilage of the larynx in the norm with the dynamics of their changes as a result of experimental opioid exposure.
IMPACT OF PANDEMIC ON THE HOTEL BUSINESS IN IMERETI (GEORGIA)
Authors: Khasaia Izolda , Nana Kvirtia
Published: April 2021

The coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic is the global health crisis of our time. Every day people lose their jobs and income. The World Health Organization estimates that 25 million jobs could be lost. The pandemic has caused serious damage to the tourism industry. International traffic statistics decreased by 74%. One of the businesses that has been severely affected by the pandemic is the hotel business. More than 75% of which suffered significant revenue cuts and 46% of hotels and restaurants had to lay off staff in full.There are 262 accommodation facilities in Imereti, where 1179 people are employed. Studies have shown that the number of employees in all hotels has been significantly reduced, while 10% of small hotels have closed altogether. Overall, from the first wave of the pandemic to the survey period, 65.8% of hotel staff were laid off (free leave was granted): small hotels reduced service staff by 71%, medium-sized hotels by an average of 65%.Hotel revenue for the first 10 months of 2020 decreased significantly compared to the same period in 2019 (reduced by 75%).It was found that due to delays caused by the coronavirus, additional financial resources were needed to save the business and 34% of the hotels applied to financial institutions.The state is trying to support small and medium-sized businesses with measures such as deferral of rent, subsidies, deferral of taxes.Quarantine zones and coveted hotels were opened in a number of hotels, which helped maintain employment and income for sector representatives and people employed in the sector.
Topological optimization of the plate
Authors: Shmukler Valery , Lugchenko Olena , Nazhem Ali
Published: April 2021

The paper provides the procedure of forward-engineering (intelligent) plate design. This technology is an exclusive modification of topological (bionic) optimization. It is based on the new energy principles and the algorithms for successive construction of geometric and/or physical-mechanical “pattern” of a structure.

The sequence of computational operations of the method in question is illustrated on example of forming plate of energetically uniform strength.  

The solution is built analytically to show the nuances of the operations required. The decision of the future analytically helps to show the nuances of the necessary operations. At the same time, on the given supports, it is shown that the introduced optimization criteria determine, at the same time together, the minimum volume of constructs, and also their minimum deflections.

A fundamental element of the given approach is the use of a new criterion for the limit state, which provides an estimate of the element’s stress. In this case, the properties of the material and the type of the stress and strain state are taken into account.

The analytical solution obtained was used as a checkup test for the general computational procedure of the method in question. In this connection, the paper features the results of analytical and numerical solutions. The efficiency of the computational procedure is confirmed by the rate of its convergence and the minimal variation of geometrical construction parameters (topology) with test cases. The technological sequence of computational operations of the method in question is completed by the construction of elements (plate) with basic external and complex internal geometry, which provides a holistic set of positive power structures, such as minimum consumables in a fixed brutal state, or maximum weight in a fixed organization.
Approaches to taking into account horizontal movements of foundations in the work of wooden reinforced cables
Authors: Demchyna Bohdan , Kravz Andriy
Published: April 2021

The behavior of a wooden stress ribbon structures reinforced with steel rope under the action of a load evenly distributed along the entire length of the cable was investigated. The analysis of the results of static tests of the wooden reinforced cable of the VD-3.1 series is given. A criterion is proposed according to which a wooden stress ribbon structures reinforced with steel rope can be considered according to the theory of rigid threads.

To ensure the stability and geometric invariance of the structures formed by rigid threads, an important role is played by taking into account the pliability of the supports that perceive the horizontal support reactions (spacing of the cable). Deformation of the supports of rigid cables causes the appearance of significant bending moments in the body of the cable, and also leads to an increase in the deflection of the structure. Therefore, special attention was paid to the study of the pliability of supports during the tests of wooden stress ribbon structures reinforced with steel rope to the action of a load evenly distributed along the length of the cable.

The pliability of supports during experimental tests of wooden stress ribbon structures reinforced with steel rope was investigated. The obtained results are compared with the calculated value of the pliability of the supports, calculated based on the deformability of the installation for testing cable structures.

The methods of calculating the deflections of the cables, which take into account the pliability of the supports, were tested. The influence of the pliability of the supports on the deflection of the cable is determined.

At the level of the pliability of the supports, the deformability of the cable was influenced by the pliability of the nodal joints of the wooden elements of the cable. Based on this, the deformability of the joints of the wooden elements of the cable on the punched metal plate fasteners and its effect on the deflection of the cable were investigated. The coefficient of deformability of joints was suggested, which took into account the nonlinear dependence of the deformation of joints of wooden elements of the cable on the applied load.

Due to the need to take into account the joint work of the wooden body of the cable and the steel rope, the calculated characteristics of the reduced cross section of the wooden cable reinforced with steel rope were calculated.

A static calculation of a wooden stress ribbon structures reinforced with steel rope according to the theory of rigid threads is performed and the results of calculations are compared with experimental data.
PREVENTION AND SCREENING OF OSTEONECROSIS OF JAW (ONJ) IN MYELOMA PATIENTS : A MONOISTITUTIONAL FIFTEEN-YEAR EXPERIENCE
Authors: Limberti Giulia , Fasciolo Antonella , Tartara Daniela , Brigo Paola , Baraldi Anna , Catania Gioacchino , Fusco Vittorio , Ferrero Elisabetta , Ladetto Marco
Published: April 2021

Charts of all myeloma patients observed at the Hematology Unit of Alessandria Hospital (Italy) in years 2005-2020 have been reviewed.  Patients received bisphosphonates according to international guidelines, that recommended shorter and tailored duration of antiresorptive treatment (instead of indefinitively prolonged administration, as advised by older guidelines) after 2006-2007. Out of 210 patients receiving pamidronate or zoledronic acid (or sequences of bisphosphonates) and evaluated for oral health, 7 cases of Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (ONJ) were registered (7/210, 3.3%).  However, 5 cases were detected among 41 cases starting antiresorptive treatment before 2006 without preventive visit, and only 2 cases were found among 169 cases receiving dental visit before treatment beginning (2/169, 1.2%). Our data seem confirm efficacy of measures directed to reduce the risk of ONJ in myeloma patients treated with less intensive schedules of bisphosphonates, according to latest recommendations..
The Results of Trabeculectomy with Antimetabolites in Elderly Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Dikmetaş Özlem , Lotfisadigh, Sepideh , Kaşıkçı Merve , Çankaya Ali Bülent , Kocabeyoğlu Sibel
Published: April 2021

Objective: To examine the effectiveness and results of primary trabeculectomy with 5-fluorouracil (group 1) or mitomycin-C (group 2) in elderly patients.

Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study including 67 eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma that underwent primary trabeculectomy with group 1 or group 2. Patients who were followed up for less than 1 year or were under 55 years of age were excluded from the study. Surgical success was evaluated according to a decrease in cup/disk ratio and reduction of intraocular pressure without any topical medication.

Results: The mean ages of participants were 65.7 years (range 59–88) and 65.9 years (range 59–74) in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The mean preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressure values were 31.3 ± 5.7 mmHg (range 17–46) and 14.8 ± 0.4 mmHg (range 10–21) in group 1 (p < 0.001) and 31.5 ± 7.4 mmHg (range 18–52) and 14.8 ± 2.9 mmHg (range 10–21) in group 2 (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: The use of 5-fluorouracil or mitomycin-C during primary trabeculectomy is associated with high postoperative success rates. There were no significant differences between 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin-C in terms of intraocular pressure reduction.
DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH CLINICALLY DIAGNOSED UNTREATED PATIENT OF ALOPECIA AREATA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL BIKANER (RAJASTHAN)
Authors: Jadon Deepika Singh , Mehta R. D. , Ghiya B.C. , Pal Chandra
Published: April 2021

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune, non-scarring form of alopecia with wide range of clinical presentations from patchy alopecia to complete loss of scalp hair (Alopecia totalis) and or the entire body (alopecia universalis. To study the disease associated with clinically diagnosed untreated patient of Alopecia Areata.

Methods: The prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on all new cases of alopecia areata irrespective of age and sex attending the outpatient department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy at SP Medical College, Bikaner from September 2018 to September 2019.

Results: In our study 20.90% patients were present with associated disease maximum (15.45%) patients were present with atopy followed by 2.72% thyroid disease, 0.91% diabetic, down syndrome, psoriasis respectively.

Conclusion: Majority of patients were associated with atopy.

Keywords: Associated disease, Alopecia areata, DM, HT.
Research Progress of the Diagnostic Value of Video Mediastinoscopy in the Staging of Lung Cancer
Authors: Cheng Zhi'ang
Published: April 2021

In the process of diagnosing patients with lung disease, traditional imaging diagnosis has certain limitations, which can easily lead to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. In recent years, with the advancement and development of imaging technology, video mediastinoscopy has gradually been promoted and applied in clinical practice, and has significant advantages in the identification of benign and malignant lung lesions, lung cancer staging, and efficacy evaluation. This study mainly discusses the specific application of video mediastinoscopy and its diagnostic value in staging of lung cancer.
Study on Paeoniflorin Promoting the Recovery of Motor Function of Rat Spinal Cord Injury by Mediating MAPK/ERK and Akt/mTOR Signal Pathway
Authors: Zhang Pei , Wu Nan , Song Zhijun , Tai Zhengfu
Published: April 2021

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating disease that can cause severe motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction. There is currently no effective treatment. Paeonia lactiflora is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, which has antispasmodic, analgesic, and blood circulation effects. Paeoniflorin (PEF) is a medicinal plant isolated from Paeoniae Radio, and it is widely used in East Asia. A large number of studies have shown that PEF has a powerful neuroprotective effect. However, the potential mechanism of PEF on SCI needs further study. This project uses Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) motor function score and open field test to evaluate neurological function, and uses immunofluorescence method to detect brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT). -3) Protein expression, Western blot is used to detect protein expression level, and RT-PCR is used to detect mRNA expression level. Thus, a rat spinal cord injury model was established to observe the effects of AT/mTOR and MAPK/ERK signal pathways activated by PEF on nerve regeneration and functional recovery in rats with spinal cord injury.
The Validity and Effectiveness of the Reflective-Metacognitive Learning Model to Improve Studentsâ€™ Metacognition Ability in Indonesia
Authors: Muhali Muhali , Yuanita Leny , Ibrahim Muslimin
Published: April 2021

Purpose - This study investigated the content and construct validity of the Reflective-Metacognitive Learning (RML) Model, and the effectiveness of the RML Model in comparison with Cognitive-Metacognitive Learning (CML) Model in improving studentsâ€™ metacognitive knowledge, skills, and awareness after the learning process. Methodology - This experimental study began with developing the RML Model, which covered planning, development and evaluation. A focus group discussion involving four experts in science education was conducted to determine the validity of the RML Model and its supporting devices in terms of content validity and construct validity. An experimental study using a randomized pretest-posttest control group design was then implemented on forty senior high school students to evaluate the effectiveness of the RML Model against the CML Model. Data were analyzed descriptively and statistically. Findings - The results showed that the RML Model was highly valid in terms of content validity and construct validity, Metacognitive knowledge increased to a high degree, while metacognitive skills and awareness increased to a medium degree. Based on the results, it was concluded that the RML Model was valid and more effective than the CML Model in terms of improving studentsâ€™ metacognitive ability. Significance - The RML Model, which is marked by the reflection of thinking processes as the core, is expected to improve students' metacognitive ability.
Exploring Outcomes of Service-Learning Participantion: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Said Hamdan , Ahmad Iqbal , Mohamad Nor Faizah
Published: April 2021

Purpose - This study explored the perspectives of teachers on outcomes of service-learning participation in vocational training institutes. The main purpose was to gain a better understanding of outcomes concerning service-learning participation of vocational training institute students in Pakistan. Methodology - A total of 315 respondents participated in the study. Data were collected from 15 randomly selected vocational training institutes using a self-designed questionnaire which was drafted and validated after expert approval. The construct validation of the questionnaire was established through Exploratory Factor Analysis. Findings - The findings indicated that participation in service-learning resulted in increased course content knowledge, the development of interpersonal skills, and the development of a volunteering attitude among the vocational institute students. Significance - This study is one of the few studies related to academic outcomes of vocational education students as a result of service-learning participation. The results facilitate understanding of the pedagogical role of service-learning as a practical teaching approach, and would be of particular interest to employers who are looking for skilled manpower in the current job market.
Shipping Management Simulation Game for Teaching and Learning in Higher Education: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Mohd Radzi Shanizan Herman , Tan Wee Hoe , Yusoff Amri
Published: April 2021

Purpose â€“ This study aims to examine the effects of a simulation board game for teaching and learning shipping management at higher education. A framework of comprehensive shipping operation was developed according to the syllabus of the Shipping Management course in Universiti Utara Malaysia. The course core content in the game covers two main servicesâ€”liner service and tramp service in the shipping industry. Methodology â€“ A quasi-experimental research design has been adopted to measure the effectiveness of the board game in post-learning. Data were gathered from a sample of 73 undergraduate students who enrolled in Shipping Management course using non-equivalent control group design. The data was analysed using McNemar Test to determine the effect of the studentsâ€™ achievement. Findings â€“ The findings of this study revealed that using board game in learning activities can contribute to the improvement of studentsâ€™ knowledge and skill. Further analysis indicated that there were differences in studentsâ€™ achievement for the tramp services and liner services content. This improvement has boosted their confidence in making decision in solving problem related to the tramp services and liner services knowledge. Significance â€“ The framework for the shipping management board game aims to provide the best learning experience for students when they immerse into solving problems and making decisions in the game. The framework can be used as a benchmark in the practice of game-based learning, particularly by affording students to engage learning by doing. Furthermore, this framework introduces a tangible problem space through the board game, encouraging students to discover knowledge on their own pace in a non-threatening environment.
Formula Poems for Enriching Writing in the English Classroom
Authors: Sasil Lloyd Vincent O. , Argate Rex , Chiu Marcial , Fernandez Sunny R.
Published: April 2021

The main objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of formula poems for enriching writing in the English classroom at the University of Cebu- Main Campus. A quasi-experimental design was used. The experimental group was treated with the use of creative formulae, while the control group was taught to use freewriting. The experts utilized the researcher-made rubric to measure the students' writing performance in both groups. The writing performances of the free writing group had fair rating and there were students got ratings that were also poor. The writing performances of the formula writing group had a very good rating and good ratings which shows that they were better in poetry writing compared to the free writing group. There is a significant difference in the performances of the free writing and formula writing groups. The engagements of the subjects with the formula poems have proved that it is much effective compared to freewriting in assessing the outputs of the subjects. The study concluded that the writing strategy of the students of the formula writing group using formula poems is effective. Furthermore, student writing guided by poetic formulas contributes to more engaged learning and provides a strong framework for creative thinking.
Linguistic Taboos: A Sociopragmatic Analysis of Selected Menstrual Euphemisms Employed by Girls/Women in Public Conversations in Cameroon
Authors: Blasius Chiatoh Agha-ah , Lando Rodrick
Published: April 2021

This paper attempts a sociopragmatic analysis of selected menstrual euphemisms that girls/women in Cameroon employ when making reference to menstruation in public conversations. In the paper, we argue that, within national and international legal frameworks, the linguistic taboos imposed on public menstrual discourse by some cultures in the Cameroonian society constitute a serious threat to the freedom of expression as a fundamental human right. Data were collected through questionnaires administered to 127 female students at the University of Buea and Biaka University Institute of Buea. Data collected were analysed thematically, and the study was guided by Brown and Levinson’s (1987) Politeness Theory. Findings from our analysis of data collected reveal that the euphemistic expressions employed by girls/women in public conversations on menstruation evoke different themes that carry both positive and negative connotations. However, a large majority of the euphemistic expressions identified in this study carry positive connotations. This implies that girls/women who employ such usages in menstrual discourse have a positive perception of and attitude toward menstruation, unlike others who see it as a nuisance, as seen in menstrual euphemisms that carry negative connotations. In the light of these findings, we recommend that children (both males and females) be properly educated on menstruation in their pre-puberty years in order to help eliminate erroneous beliefs and myths about menstruation. Such education can contribute to eradicating unfair linguistic taboos imposed on public menstrual discourse.
Use of Charades in Enhancing Higher Institute Students’ Speaking Skills
Authors: SINGH DALVINDER KAUR A/P KOLDIP , Abdul Aziz Azlina
Published: April 2021

English speaking skill is one of the most challenging skills that has to be taught by teachers, and there are many factors affecting students' low speaking proficiency. Hence, charades are implemented in this study. The purpose of this research is to study the improvement of English-speaking skills among college students through implementing Charades in the classroom. This study consists of two objectives. The first objective is to determine the effectiveness of charades in improving learners’ speaking skills, and the second objective is to investigate learners’ perception of charades. This study involves 18 students from Chenderoh Community College. Charades were implemented in their speaking lessons. This is single-group quasi-experimental research. Data was collected through pre and post-test and questionnaire. Speaking scores were analyzed through paired T-test. After the data analysis, there is a significant difference between pre and post-test. Students showed a positive perception of charades.
Beseeching Verbosity Used by Street Beggars: A Socio-pragmatic Study
Authors: Shahid Muhammad Ali , Ahamd Farooq , Shaffaqat Muhammad , Saeed Rana Muhammad Basharat , Naz Gulshan
Published: April 2021

The present study aims to investigate “Beseeching Verbosity used by Street Beggars” in Sargodha Division in Punjab, Pakistan. It is a Pragmatic Study.  Beggary is a universal phenomenon. It has many blasphemous blotches on its name as a social evil, a social taboo, a social problem, a social curse. The objectives of the study were developed from the socio-pragmatic perspective. In this qualitative and theoretical study, data was collected by observation by informants. Geoffrey Leech’s Politeness Principle (1983) and Austin’s (1955) Felicity Conditions were utilized to scrutinize the beseeching language use by street beggars. The application of these theoretical frameworks will reveal the allusions and references that appeal to religious and socio-economic ideologies exploited by the street beggars by beguiling verbosity on the naïve and devoted people of the Sargodha Division. The people, knowingly or unknowingly, are tricked by the beguiling entrapment. This study revealed the tactics used by the beggar in order to blackmail and grab money from the naïve and devoted people. The research carves out a map for the government to assess the Socio-pragmatic perspective of the beggars.
The Effect of Service Quality on Passenger Satisfaction at PT. Indonesian National Shipping (PELNI) in Jayapura City
Authors: Rumsowek Mesak , Binur Roland Everson , Ramandei Lazarus
Published: April 2021

The objectives of this study are 1) to determine the effect of service quality on passenger satisfaction at PT Pelayaran Naisional Indonesia (PELNI) Jayapura City, 2) knowing the efforts made in improving service quality on passenger satisfaction at PT Pelayaran Nasional Indonesia (PELNI) Jayapura City. This type of research uses quantitative methods. The total population for this study amounted to 424 people. The number of samples taken in this study was 30 people. Sampling was done using a random sampling method. Based on the author's results, it concerns the quality of passenger service at PT. The Indonesian National Shipping in the city of Jayapura, the quality of service provided to passengers/customers, both in terms of physical form, empathy, responsiveness, reliability and assurance so that the quality of service needs to be improved, and the company must pay attention to things that are considered important by customers who use the services of PT. Pelni, so that customers feel satisfied. Conclusion of passenger satisfaction at PT. The Indonesian National Voyage (PELNI) of Jayapura city has been accomplished well. This is evident from the respondent's answer to the answer category (yes) at the highest level as well. This means that with regard to passenger / customer satisfaction, it turns out that it has given the trust to passengers.
The Journey towards the Love for Reading: From the Lens of English Enthusiasts
Authors: Lumontad Nicomedes S. , Bonotan Amelia , Argate Rex
Published: April 2021

This study described the lived experiences of the English enthusiasts at the University of Cebu – Main Campus. The study used Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) through 15 BSED English Majors interviews. The analysis of data generated six themes “Actually, I am not really fond of reading books, but I’ve learned to enjoy reading love storybooks. They are very entertaining.” (Gaining Interest and Love for Reading), “The challenges that I encountered in my journey towards acquiring the love of reading are the unfamiliar words. Whenever I encountered those words, I usually pause and find their meanings.” (Dealing with Unfamiliar Words) “I addressed the challenges in positive ways. These only urge me to love reading more.” (Context and Comprehension Challenges) “I simply love reading because I can use my imagination. When I read, I feel like I’m the main character of the story.” (Attitude towards Reading) “In reading, you will experience things you haven’t experienced yet. You choose an author and a genre first before you read. In that way your interest and love of reading will be sustained but exploring is more fun.” (Personal Book Choice) “In reading, actually you discover yourself more, especially if you read different genres of books. My journey towards reading is self-discovery.” (Realizations through Reading). The study attempts to explain the different factors involved in the love of reading. These are gaining interest and love of reading, dealing with unfamiliar words, context and comprehension challenges, attitude towards reading, personal book choice, and realizations through reading. The English enthusiasts encountered some difficulties in reading various texts, passages, and other English classics. However, their enduring interest, love, and passion for reading transcend all forms of reading complexities. In contrast, some students may lack interest and motivation in reading. They tend to be superficial readers, or they just read when they are told to do so. Reading for them is dull and boring. Thus, the English enthusiasts may share their lived reading experiences with those reluctant and passive readers, and they may become more interested and motivated to read beyond the parameters of academic requirements.
Women's Operative Method of Contraception in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya
Authors: Obsatrya Rio , Pranadyan Rizki
Published: April 2021

Background: Indonesia is expected to face a Demographic surge in 2025 so that the maternal mortality rate is at risk to follow. Steady contraception is needed to control the population growth rate. Women's Operative Method Contraception (MOW) is the most effective contraceptive tool in controlling the population growth rate. The use of MOW contraception in Dr, Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya still cannot be explained. Purpose: To know the spatial distribution of Women's Operative Method of Contraception in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya 2016 - 2019. Method: Retrospective study using medical record data, in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya 2016 – 2019. Results: Post-deliveries MOW contraception acceptor were 23.3% in 2016 (307 of 1320 deliveries), 29.9% in 2017 (405 of 1355 deliveries), 29.2% in 2018 (432 of 1479 deliveries) and 26, 7% in 2019 (413 of 1389 deliveries). The majority of patients aged over 35 years (72.2%), multiparous (98.6%). came from Surabaya (62.9%), non-booked case-patients (82.0%), and have an overweight BMI (45.2%). There are 55.7% of postpartum MOW acceptors with concomitant diseases. Hypertension and obesity are the highest ranks of comorbidities in the MOW contraception acceptor. Conclusion: Postpartum MOW contraception acceptor in RSUD dr. Soetomo has increased every year. But further evaluation and follow up regarding increasing the percentage of postpartum MOW contraception acceptor in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya is still very much needed.
The Comparison of Logistic Regression Methods and Random Forest for Spotify Audio Mode Featurre Classification
Authors: Tanujaya Lukhia Britanthia Christina , Susanto Bambang , Saragih Asido
Published: April 2021

Studi ini membandingkan kemampuan dari metode regresi logistik dan random forest dalam melakukan klasifikasi fitur mode. Fitur mode ini merupakan fitur yang terdapat di dalam data fitur audio. Secara keseluruhan, data ini berisikan data dari musik atau lagu yang dirilis di platform Spotify yang di dalamnya terdapat berbagai fitur dari masing-masing musik. Dalam melakukan studi ini, metode regresi logistik dan metode random forest ini diterapkan dalam bahasa pemrograman Python. Setelah dilakukannya studi ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode random forest dapat melakukan klasifikasi yang lebih baik walaupun dengan selisih yang cukup dekat. Karena kedua metode ini adalah metode yang baik dalam melakukan klasifikasi. Fitur penting yang ditampilkan oleh random forest juga memberikan hasil yang lebih memuaskan, karena fitur yang dihasilkan memang fitur yang berkaitan dengan fitur mode dan sesuai dengan teori musik.
A Survey of Mechanical Ventilation Weaning Practices in ICUs of Bangladesh
Authors: Faruq Mohammad Omar , Ahsan ASM Areef , Fatema Kaniz , Ahmed Fatema , Sultana Amina , Mallick Uzzwal Kumar , Mohammad Asaduzzaman - , Islam Md Motiul , Haque Md Ashraful , Huda AK Qumrul , Sultana Rozina , Tamanna Rownak Jahan , Habib Samira Humaira , Chy Umme Kulsum , Uddin Mohammed Salah
Published: April 2021

Objective : To determine mechanical ventilation discontinuation (weaning) practices in Bangladesh as there is currently no data available on this issue.

Method : Analyzing the Survey on Bangladeshi respondents using questionnaire developed by and used by a pan Asian study where Bangladesh critical care physicians participated.

Result : 40 physicians from 10 ICUs of Bangladesh participated. Majority of our participating doctors (62.5%) came from private for profit hospital. 19 out of 40 respondents were certified in critical care medicine. In our study spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) was liberally used with pressure support being used by 30% respondents. Most of the extubation trial took place during day. As criteria for extubation, respondents mainly considered consciousness and cooperation and along with gag reflex, cough strength, suction frequency and cuff leak at different times. Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) was commonly used for early extubation in cases of COPD, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, neuromuscular disorders, post-operative cases and obesity. Slightly less than half of respondents did not follow any sedation protocol and 42.5% followed weaning protocol. Protocolized weaning by nurses are not known to be practiced in Bangladesh.

Conclusion : Weaning practices are diverse in Bangladeshi ICUs. Protoclized weaning is rarely practiced in Bangladesh.

Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2021; 9(1): 4-11
Severity and immediate neurodevelopmental outcome in term neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy admitted in NICU at a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Debnath Bithi , Khan Naila Zaman , Mahfuz Rumana , Mollah Abid Hossain
Published: April 2021

Background: Neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a major cause of mortality, morbidity and long-term neurological deficits.

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the severity of encephalopathy and immediate neurodevelopmental outcomes in term neonates with HIE admitted in NICU at a tertiary care hospital.

Materials and Methods: This was a Prospective Cohort study conducted between July 2016 and June 2017 at Dhaka Medical college Hospital, Dhaka. Asphyxiated term newborns who came within 12 hours of birth were enrolled in this study. Sarnat and Sarnat score was used to assess newborns immediately after birth to classify HIE. Neurodevelopmental assessment was performed using age specific rapid neurodevelopmental assessment tool (RNDA) at and 3 months after discharge to identify impairment in specific developmental domains. We determined the relation between severity of HIE and clinical outcome.

Results: 60 patients were included in this study and their mean duration of hospital stay was 7.19 ± 5.26 days. The majority, 40% had moderate HIE, followed by 33.33%, 26.67% that had mild and severe HIE respectively. A total of 20% died, and most of them had severe HIE (83.33%). Normal development was found in only 11.67% cases. Moderate and severe neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) was found in 33.33% and 25% cases respectively. At discharge, the most severely impaired domains were speech, seizure, primitive reflex and behaviour whereas at 3 months of age it was gross motor and seizure. When neurodevelopmental outcome was compared with different stages of encephalopathy, significant association was found between moderate to severe impairment/death with stage III of HIE.

Conclusion: Apart from mortality, a significant proportion of term neonates with HIE developed NDIs and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes was significantly associated with severity of encephalopathy.

Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2021; 9(1): 22-27
Potential long term adverse health outcomes of COVID-19
Authors: Siddiqua Dibanur Rashid , Hossain Md Shahadat
Published: April 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic poses an extraordinary challenges to patients, communities and overall health care systems. It has resulted in millions of people infected worldwide and has indirectly devastated even more individuals with prolonged post-infectious symptoms. The burden of survivors having post-COVID symptoms is likely to be huge. Multidisciplinary post-COVID-19 clinics are now playing a pivotal role addressing both persistent symptoms and potential long term sequelae. In this review, we tried to summarize the adverse health outcomes based on current evidences, assess the potential risk of long-term complications and make certain recommendations.

Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2021; 9(1): 38-40
Fractured intubating stylet: A case of airway foreign body in Intensive care Unit
Authors: Shrestha Babu Raja , Baral Bikash , Binod Gautam
Published: April 2021

Abstract not available

Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2021; 9(1): 41-42
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in a patient with Situs Inversus Totalis
Authors: Shahjahan Samail , Rahman Anisur
Published: April 2021

There are diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in cases of symptomatic gall bladder disease in patients with situs inversus totalis (SIT), where there is complete reversal of visceral topography in thorax, abdomen or both. The difficulty to treat these patients with conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy may be more pronounced for right handed surgeon and requires modifications in working ports and their positions. We present a case of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a patient with SIT, and describe the technical details that enable the safe conclusion of the operation.

Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2021; 9(1): 43-45
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment for COVID_19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): A case report
Authors: Hoque Muhammad Mazharul , Islam Motiul , Hamid Tarikul , Halim Rabiul , Hasan Rajib , Ahmed Kazi Nuruddin
Published: April 2021

Coagulopathy has proven to be a common complication of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-21. Some of the COVID-19 associated pneumonia patients exhibit relatively preserved lung compliance and high alveolar‐arterial oxygen gradient. Pathology reports consistently demonstrate diffuse pulmonary microthrombi on autopsy, consistent with a vascular occlusive etiology of respiratory failure rather than the more classic findings of ARDS2. Pulmonary microthrombi induced respiratory failure is very difficult to prove because the patients are so critically ill that transfer to CT suit to do CTPA often becomes unsafe for the patients. Moreover, performing V/Q scan is increasingly difficult in such settings. Here we report a case of severe COVID-19 associated respiratory failure who was treated with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) on clinical ground.

Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2021; 9(1): 49-51