bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Alterations in Testicular Hemodynamics and Echotexture in Relation to Semen Quality in Buffalo Bulls
Authors: Samir Haney , El-Sherbiny Hossam R. , El-Shalofy Amr S.
Published: February 2023

The present study is aimed at investigating the usefulness of the pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasonography for the characterization of testicular blood flow in buffaloes during the nonbreeding and breeding seasons. Ten Egyptian buffalo bulls were evaluated for changes in the blood flow (Doppler’s indices: resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI)) at the levels of supratesticular (STA) during the breeding (winter) and nonbreeding season (summer). The alterations in testicular parenchyma echotexture (pixel intensity (PIX) and echotexture heterogeneity (EH)) were assessed by computer analysis software. Circulating testosterone and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured colorimetrically. Sperm parameters including total and progressive motility %, viability %, morphology %, and concentrations were assessed. Results revealed lower values (

p
<
0.05

) of RI (

0.55
±
0.02

) and PI (

0.82
±
0.03

) within the STA in the breeding period compared to the nonbreeding period (RI:

0.67
±
0.03

; PI:

0.99
±
0.01

). Higher (

p
<
0.05

) PIX and EH were found in the nonbreeding season (PIX:

72.09
±
1.81

; EH:

14.99
±
1.37

) compared to the breeding season (PIX:

60.95
±
1.51

; EH:

11.75
±
0.63

). Concentrations of testosterone and TAC were not significantly changed. However, the concentrations of NO were greater (

p
<
0.05

) during the breeding season (

78.21
±
0.87

) compared to those of the nonbreeding one (

59.74
±
2.97

). Total motility %, progressive motility %, viability %, and sperm concentrations were higher during the breeding season compared to that during the nonbreeding season (

p
<
0.05

). In conclusion, seasonality alters testicular hemodynamics and echotexture, NO concentrations, and sperm quality in buffaloes without alterations in the testosterone and TAC levels.
Nanoemulsion and Nanogel Containing Cuminum cyminum L Essential Oil: Antioxidant, Anticancer, Antibacterial, and Antilarval Properties
Authors: Ranjbar Razie , Zarenezhad Elham , Abdollahi Abbas , Nasrizadeh Marjan , Firooziyan Samira , Namdar Najmeh , Osanloo Mahmoud
Published: February 2023

Cuminum cyminum L. is a widespread medicinal plant with a broad spectrum of biological activity. In the present study, the chemical structure of its essential oil was examined utilizing GC-MS analysis (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). Then, a nanoemulsion dosage form was prepared with a droplet size and droplet size distribution (SPAN) of 121 ± 3 nm and 0.96. After that, the dosage form of the nanogel was prepared; the nanoemulsion was gelified by the addition of 3.0% carboxymethyl cellulose. In addition, the successful loading of the essential oil into the nanoemulsion and nanogel was approved by ATR-FTIR (attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared) analysis. The IC50 values (half maximum inhibitory concentration) of the nanoemulsion and nanogel against A-375 human melanoma cells were 369.6 (497–335) and 127.2 (77–210) μg/mL. In addition, they indicated some degrees of an antioxidant activity. Interestingly, after treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with 5000 µg/mL nanogel, bacterial growth was completely (∼100%) inhibited. In addition, the growth of Staphylococcus aureus after treatment with the 5000 μg/ml nanoemulsion was decreased by 80%. In addition, nanoemulsion and nanogel LC50 values for Anopheles stephensi larvae were attained as 43.91 (31–62) and 123.9 (111–137) µg/mL. Given the natural ingredients and promising efficacy, these nanodrugs can be regarded for further research against other pathogens or mosquito larvae.
High Occurrence of Multiple-Drug Resistance Mediated by Integron in Aeromonas Isolated from Fish-Livestock Integrated Farms
Authors: Deng Yu Ting , Feng Yong Yong , Tan Ai Ping , Zhao Fei , Jiang Lan , Huang Zhi Bin
Published: February 2023

Fish-livestock integrated farming is a traditional practice in South China and Southeast Asia. The administration of antimicrobial agents in livestock may potentially facilitate the spread of antimicrobial resistance to aquaculture through the drainage of livestock manure. Aeromonas spp. are fish pathogens that are the predominant bacteria in water bodies. The aim of this study was to characterize multiple-drug-resistantAeromonas spp. isolated from integrated and nonintegrated fish-livestock farms and to investigate the occurrence of class 1 integrons. Of the 481 Aeromonas strains examined in this study, isolates from pig manure, fish, and environmental samples from pig-fish or goose-fish integrated farms were significantly more resistant to various antimicrobial agents than those from nonintegrated farms

P
<
0.05

. High rates of resistance to nalidixic acid and sulfamonomethoxine were observed in the isolates from the integrated farm. Fifty Aeromonas isolates (10.4%) from integrated farms contained class 1 integrons. In addition, 96.0% (48/50) of the integron-positive strains displayed multiple-drug resistance. Ten types of gene cassette arrays were determined by sequencing, including dfrA17, dfrA12-orfF-aadA2, catB8, dfrB4-catB3-aadA1, aac6(6′)-Ib-cr-arr-3, aac-II-blaOXA-21-catB3, aar2-aacA4-drfA1-orfC, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, dfrA15, and dfrB4-catB3-blaOXA-10-aadA1. Notably, among the 50 integron-positive isolates, twenty isolates showed integrons located in plasmids, which may facilitate the transmission of resistance in integrated farms. Our investigation confirmed the high prevalence of multiple antimicrobial resistances mediated by class 1 integrons in Aeromonas isolates from integrated farms. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a risk assessment method for antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture.
Multi-UAV Search and Rescue with Enhanced A

∗

Algorithm Path Planning in 3D Environment
Authors: Du Yuwen
Published: February 2023

The unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are now widely used in search and rescue (SAR) missions to locate casualties and survey terrain. To solve the problem of long calculation time and large memory usage of the UAV obstacle-avoidance path-planning algorithm in cooperative tasks, this paper proposes a method that combines the A

∗

algorithm and the task allocation algorithm to achieve a faster and more effective path-planning method. First, the environment is displayed in the form of a grid. Then, the enhanced algorithm divides the task area for UAVs. Finally, each UAV performs SAR path planning in the mission area. The tasks of mapping the environment and searching for target points by UAV swarms are discussed in this study. Our research enhances A

∗

algorithms for generating the shortest collision-free paths for drone swarms. Further, we evaluate the algorithm via simulating the task assignment algorithm and path-planning algorithm of a 3D map and 2D map. Compared with the traditional A

∗

algorithm, the results demonstrate that the enhanced algorithm is effective in the scenario.
Analysis on the Effect of Radiofrequency Ablation and Electrocautery in the Treatment of Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Authors: Xiong Jia-Wei , Lin Zhi-Xin , He Liu , Zhang Yan-Hua , Zeng Gui-Chan , Gui Qing-Hua
Published: February 2023

Objective. This research intends to investigate the clinical efficacy of radiofrequency ablation and electrocautery in treating grade I or II vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN). Methods. This is a single-center retrospective study, which collected the clinical data of 100 patients with VaIN diagnosed by colposcopy and pathological biopsy in the Gynecology and Cervical Center of Xiangzhu Branch of the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region between January 2020 and June 2021. Patients were divided into the study group (radiofrequency ablation treatment) and the control group (electrocautery) according to differences in treatment approaches. 6- and 12-month follow-ups were performed on all patients. Gynecological examination results, liquid-based thin-layer cytology (TCT), negative conversion of human papillomavirus (HPV), curative effects, and prognosis were recorded. Results. All patients completed regular follow-ups that lasted for 6 and 12 months. The 6- and 12-month cure rates of the study group were 76.0% and 92.0%, respectively, and the data in the control group were 70.0% and 82.0%, respectively. In terms of the 6- and 12-month negative conversion rates of HPV, the data in the study group were 68.0% and 78.0%, versus 60% and 68% in the control group, respectively. The lesion duration rate showed no statistical significance between the study group (8.0%) and the control group (

P

 > 0.05). The analysis of postoperative follow-up complications revealed that the study group had a statistically lower overall incidence of vaginal bleeding, excessive vaginal discharge, vaginal burning sensation, and decreased vaginal elasticity than the control group (8.0% vs. 24.0%

P

 < 0.05). Conclusion. Both radiofrequency ablation and electrocautery have obvious clinical effects in patients with grade I or II VaIN, but the former contributed to fewer operative complications and a good prognosis, which deserves clinical promotion.
Efficient Production of Doubled Haploids as Isogenic Line Founders via Double Heat Shock Treatment in Willow Gudgeon (Gnathopogon caerulescens)
Authors: Kobayashi Toru , Takeda Akito , Hara Kanta
Published: February 2023

Doubled haploids (DHs) are essential founders for breeding via isogenic line production. We determined the optimal timing of the first and second (HST1 and HST2) double heat shock treatment for DH production in the willow gudgeon (Gnathopogon caerulescens). Gynogenesis was induced by fertilisation with UV-irradiated sperm (20 mJ/cm2). Each HST was performed at 40.5°C for 1 min. In experiment I, HST1 was applied 23–31 min after the induction of gynogenetic development (incubated at 20°C). HST2 was performed 15 min after HST1 treatment. When HST1 was started 25–26 min after activation, normally hatched larvae appeared relatively frequently (35.6–100%), and most were DHs. In experiment II, HST1 was started 26 min after activation, and HST2 was started 10–25 min after HST1. Starting HST2 10 min after HST1 resulted in 33% more normally hatched larvae than starting 22.5–25 min after. DHs were prevalent among hatched larvae (45.1% and 20.8%, respectively) when performing HST2 10–12.5 min after HST1. Under appropriate HST1 and HST2 timing, gynogens were at the zygote stage, early prophase, and prophase or early prometaphase of the first cell cycle. These results establish the appropriate timing of HST1 and HST2 for the induction of willow gudgeon DHs.
HBx-Induced HSPA8 Stimulates HBV Replication and Suppresses Ferroptosis to Support Liver Cancer Progression
Authors: Wang Yufei , Zhao Man , Zhao Lina , Geng Yu , Li Guanghao , Chen Lin , Yu Jingxuan , Yuan Hongfeng , Zhang Huihui , Yun Haolin , Yuan Ying , Wang Guowen , Feng Jinyan , Xu Liang , Wang Shuai , Hou Chunyu , Yang Guang , Zhang Ningning , Lu Wei , Zhang Xiaodong
Published: February 2023

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major driver of hepatocarcinogenesis. Ferroptosis is a type of iron-mediated cell death that can suppress liver transformation. Previous studies have linked HBV to ferroptosis in liver fibrosis and acute liver failure. However, whether ferroptosis is involved in HBV-mediated liver cancer is poorly understood. Here, we identified heat shock protein family A member 8 (HSPA8) as a crucial host factor that modulates HBV replication and ferroptosis in liver cancer. Hepatitis B X protein (HBx) upregulated HSPA8 by coactivating the transcription factor heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) in cells. HSPA8 enhanced HBV replication by recruiting hepatitis B core protein (HBc) to the HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) minichromosome, forming a positive feedback loop. Moreover, HSPA8 suppressed ferroptosis in liver cancer cells by upregulating the expression of SLC7A11/GPX4 and decreasing erastin-mediated reactive oxygen species and Fe2+ accumulation in cells in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of HSPA8 reduced the growth of HBV-positive liver tumors and increased sensitivity to erastin. In conclusion, HBx-elevated HSPA8 regulates both HBV replication and ferroptosis in liver cancer. Targeting HSPA8 could be a promising strategy for controlling HBV and hepatocarcinogenesis.

Significance:

HBV-induced upregulation of HSPA8 promotes hepatocarcinogenesis by suppressing ferroptosis and stimulating HBV replication, identifying HSPA8 as a potential therapeutic target in liver cancer.
Testicular Architecture of Men with 46,XX Testicular Disorders of Sex Development
Authors: Hiort Mirkka , Rohayem Julia , Knaf Regine , Laurentino Sandra , Berglund Agnethe , Gravholt Claus H. , Gromoll Jörg , Wistuba Joachim
Published: February 2023

Background: A subtype of disorders of sex development (DSD) in individuals with a 46,XX karyotype who are phenotypically male is classified as testicular DSD (46,XX TDSD). These individuals develop testes but are infertile due to germ cell loss. However, little is known about their testicular architecture. Methods: We analyzed biopsies of four SRY positive 46,XX TDSD men for testicular architecture, Sertoli (SCs) and Leydig cells (LCs). These were compared with biopsies of men with normal spermatogenesis (NS, n = 4), men with Klinefelter syndrome, 47 XXY (KS, n = 4), and men with AZF deletions (AZF, n = 5). Testicular architecture was evaluated and SCs and LCs were analyzed for specific markers (SC: SOX9, DMRT1; LC: INSL3). Results: A smaller number of tubules, more SOX9-negative but similar proportions of DMRT1-negative SCs were found in 46,XX TDSD compared to NS. The lower number of tubules and severe LC hyperplasia observed in 46,XX TDSD were similar to KS. Conclusion: Testicular architecture and marker expression of SCs and LCs in 46,XX TDSD men display unique patterns, which are discernable from chromosomal aneuploidies. Given the reduced Y-chromosomal gene content in 46,XX TDSD, the supernumerary X chromosome effects may be decisive regarding the damage on testicular composition and endocrine function.
The Clinicopathologic Spectrum of Membranous Nephropathy with Lupus-Like Features
Authors: Choung Hae Yoon Grace , Moore Catherine , Le Thu H. , Guirguis Paul , McKeown Jack M. , Jean-Gilles Jerome , Goldman Bruce
Published: February 2023

Introduction: The pathologic features of membranous lupus nephritis (MLN) are occasionally encountered in secondary membranous nephropathy (sMN) without overt clinical evidence of systemic lupus erythematosus. Moreover, some sMN with lupus-like features (lupus-like membranous nephropathy [LL-MN]) have a clinical presentation more typical of primary membranous nephropathy (pMN). Based on the confounding clinical and pathologic presentation, it is unclear how to categorize and treat these patients. Methods: We performed immunohistochemical staining for recently discovered target antigens associated with MN -NELL-1, THSD7A, and EXT1/2 and compared the clinicopathologic presentation of patients with LL-MN to those with pMN and MLN. Results: From 2015 to 2020, there were 21 patients with MLN and 99 with MN, of which 59% were diagnosed pMN and 41% sMN. 44% of sMN patients showed lupus-like features (LL-fx). All LL-MN patients were negative for PLA2R and NELL1, but 12% were positive for EXT1/2. 50% of LL-MN patients had an identifiable systemic disease, of which 56% were autoimmune disease (AD) and 44% infection. Compared to pMN, LL-MN had a higher incidence of underlying AD (p = 0.02). Within pMN, 24% also had LL-fx (LL-pMN), and all but 1 were PLA2R- (78%) or NELL1-positive (15%). Only 5% of pMN patients had an AD, 66% of which showed LL-fx. Most idiopathic LL-MN were treated and behaved clinically similarly to pMN. There were no differences in outcome in terms of progression toward end-stage renal disease or mortality between LL-MN versus pMN and MLN. Conclusion: LL-MN appears to have a significant association with underlying AD and has a subset showing EXT1/2 positivity, whereas most LL-pMN and idiopathic LL-MN likely represent an atypical pathologic presentation of pMN.
Sonographic Assessment of Fetal Sex: More than External Genitalia
Authors: Smet Maria-Elisabeth , Bethe Rachel , Papworth Alexandra , McLennan Andrew , Scott Fergus
Published: February 2023

Early identification of fetal sex is possible due to both improved ultrasound resolution and the incorporation of cell-free DNA testing into routine prenatal screening services. While ultrasound assessment of the external genitalia generally suffices, there are instances where identification of the internal genitalia becomes vital to allow accurate prenatal diagnosis and comprehensive counseling. This manuscript outlines the methodology and clinical utility of assessing fetal genitalia beyond conventional sonography from the second trimester onward and is the first to describe direct visualization of the fetal vagina.
ERα Stimulation Rapidly Modulates Excitatory Synapse Properties in Female Rat Nucleus Accumbens Core
Authors: Miller Christiana K. , Krentzel Amanda A. , Meitzen John
Published: February 2023

Introduction: The nucleus accumbens core (NAcc) is a sexually differentiated brain region that is modulated by steroid hormones such as 17β-estradiol (estradiol), with consequential impacts on relevant motivated behaviors and disorders such as addiction, anxiety, and depression. NAcc estradiol levels naturally fluctuate, including during the estrous cycle in adult female rats, which is analogous to the menstrual cycle in adult humans. Across the estrous cycle, excitatory synapse properties of medium spiny neurons rapidly change, as indicated by analysis of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs). mEPSC frequency decreases during estrous cycle phases associated with high estradiol levels. This decrease in mEPSC frequency is mimicked by acute topical exposure to estradiol. The identity of the estrogen receptor (ER) underlying this estradiol action is unknown. Adult rat NAcc expresses three ERs, all extranuclear: membrane ERα, membrane ERβ, and GPER1. Methods: In this brief report, we take a first step toward addressing this challenge by testing whether activation of ERs via acute topical agonist application is sufficient for inducing changes in mEPSC properties recorded via whole-cell patch clamp. Results: An agonist of ERα induced large decreases in mEPSC frequency, while agonists of ERβ and GPER1 did not robustly modulate mEPSC properties. Conclusions: These data provide evidence that activation of ERα is sufficient for inducing changes in mEPSC frequency and is a likely candidate underlying the estradiol-induced changes observed during the estrous cycle. Overall, these findings extend our understanding of the neuroendocrinology of the NAcc and implicate ERα as a primary target for future studies.
A história da deficiência, da marginalização à inclusão social: uma mudança de paradigma
Authors: Pacheco Kátia Monteiro De Benedetto , Alves Vera Lucia Rodrigues
Published: February 2023

Este artigo pretende contribuir com uma reflexão mais crítica dos indivíduos em relação ao preconceito existente à pessoa com deficiência. Assim, descreve-se o percurso histórico desta população, ressaltando as diferentes posturas como: marginalização, assistencialismo, educação, reabilitação, integração e inclusão social, para melhor compreensão dos valores que muitas vezes podemos estar reproduzindo sem nenhum questionamento crítico e coerente, pois nos foram transmitidos no processo de socialização. Conclui-se que quando o processo de reabilitação está baseado no paradigma de inclusão, este poderá trazer maior possibilidade para que o indivíduo reflita sobre os valores que a cultura pode ter com relação à deficiência e, assim, se torne um agente de mudança no contexto social.
Século XXI
Authors: Rouanet Sergio Paulo , Bosi Alfredo
Published: February 2023

Recepção crítica de Basílio da Gama do século XXI.
Sacrifício e a projeção do sacrificialismo em O Uraguai: Uma leitura girardiana
Authors: Lopes Lucas Matteocci
Published: February 2023

O Uraguai apresenta fortes diferenças com relação às epopeias clássicas. Muitas delas podem ser lidas à luz do sacrifício girardiano. A mudança da esfera de justificação final da guerra do sobrenatural para a razão de Estado torna mais difícil uma justificativa da violência e do sacrifício, pelo que é necessário projetar a responsabilidade pelo extermínio dos indígenas, vítimas exigidas pela política ibérica, sobre os jesuítas, que se tornam os bodes expiatórios do poema. A posição sacrificial dos indígenas e seu enraizamento no sagrado dá maior páthos a seus personagens individuais e torna sua caracterização heroica mais forte que a dos portugueses cuja empresa colonial se pretende louvar.
Teresa chega à maioridade
Authors: Moura Murilo Marcondes de , Massi Augusto , Chaves Vania Pinheiro
Published: February 2023

Editorial da Teresa 21 assinado pelos editores Augusto Massi, Murilo Marcondes de Moura e Vania Pinheiro Chaves.
Slower Calcium Handling Balances Faster Cross-Bridge Cycling in Human
MYBPC3
HCM
Authors: Pioner Josè Manuel , Vitale Giulia , Steczina Sonette , Langione Marianna , Margara Francesca , Santini Lorenzo , Giardini Francesco , Lazzeri Erica , Piroddi Nicoletta , Scellini Beatrice , Palandri Chiara , Schuldt Maike , Spinelli Valentina , Girolami Francesca , Mazzarotto Francesco , van der Velden Jolanda , Cerbai Elisabetta , Tesi Chiara , Olivotto Iacopo , Bueno-Orovio Alfonso , Sacconi Leonardo , Coppini Raffaele , Ferrantini Cecilia , Regnier Michael , Poggesi Corrado
Published: February 2023

Background:

The pathogenesis of
MYBPC3
-associated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is still unresolved. In our HCM patient cohort, a large and well-characterized population carrying the
MYBPC3
:c772G>A variant (p.Glu258Lys, E258K) provides the unique opportunity to study the basic mechanisms of
MYBPC3
-HCM with a comprehensive translational approach.

Methods:

We collected clinical and genetic data from 93 HCM patients carrying the
MYBPC3
:c772G>A variant. Functional perturbations were investigated using different biophysical techniques in left ventricular samples from 4 patients who underwent myectomy for refractory outflow obstruction, compared with samples from non-failing non-hypertrophic surgical patients and healthy donors. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes and engineered heart tissues (EHTs) were also investigated.

Results:

Haplotype analysis revealed
MYBPC3
:c772G>A as a founder mutation in Tuscany. In ventricular myocardium, the mutation leads to reduced cMyBP-C (cardiac myosin binding protein-C) expression, supporting haploinsufficiency as the main primary disease mechanism. Mechanical studies in single myofibrils and permeabilized muscle strips highlighted faster cross-bridge cycling, and higher energy cost of tension generation. A novel approach based on tissue clearing and advanced optical microscopy supported the idea that the sarcomere energetics dysfunction is intrinsically related with the reduction in cMyBP-C. Studies in single cardiomyocytes (native and hiPSC-derived), intact trabeculae and hiPSC-EHTs revealed prolonged action potentials, slower Ca
2+
transients and preserved twitch duration, suggesting that the slower excitation-contraction coupling counterbalanced the faster sarcomere kinetics. This conclusion was strengthened by in silico simulations.

Conclusions:

HCM-related
MYBPC3
:c772G>A mutation invariably impairs sarcomere energetics and cross-bridge cycling. Compensatory electrophysiological changes (eg, reduced potassium channel expression) appear to preserve twitch contraction parameters, but may expose patients to greater arrhythmic propensity and disease progression. Therapeutic approaches correcting the primary sarcomeric defects may prevent secondary cardiomyocyte remodeling.
Large Language Models and the Reverse Turing Test
Authors: Sejnowski Terrence J.
Published: February 2023

Large language models (LLMs) have been transformative. They are pretrained foundational models that are self-supervised and can be adapted with fine-tuning to a wide range of natural language tasks, each of which previously would have required a separate network model. This is one step closer to the extraordinary versatility of human language. GPT-3 and, more recently, LaMDA, both of them LLMs, can carry on dialogs with humans on many topics after minimal priming with a few examples. However, there has been a wide range of reactions and debate on whether these LLMs understand what they are saying or exhibit signs of intelligence. This high variance is exhibited in three interviews with LLMs reaching wildly different conclusions. A new possibility was uncovered that could explain this divergence. What appears to be intelligence in LLMs may in fact be a mirror that reflects the intelligence of the interviewer, a remarkable twist that could be considered a reverse Turing test. If so, then by studying interviews, we may be learning more about the intelligence and beliefs of the interviewer than the intelligence of the LLMs. As LLMs become more capable, they may transform the way we interact with machines and how they interact with each other. Increasingly, LLMs are being coupled with sensorimotor devices. LLMs can talk the talk, but can they walk the walk? A road map for achieving artificial general autonomy is outlined with seven major improvements inspired by brain systems and how LLMs could in turn be used to uncover new insights into brain function.
Psychological Distress, Fatigue and Quality of Life in Patients with Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Authors: Carbajal-López Edelmira Berenice , Juárez-García Dehisy Marisol , Sánchez-Jauregui Teresa de Jesús , Espinoza-Velazco Absalón , Calderillo-Ruiz German , Salas-Benavides Rodrigo
Published: February 2023

Background. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) represent 1% of all gastrointestinal tumors and are included in the list of rare diseases. Objective. 1) To evaluate levels of psychological distress, fatigue, and quality of life. 2) To identify the variables that most influence distress among Mexican patients with GIST. Design. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a consecutive sample of 100 patients with GIST, who completed the following questionnaires online: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) as a measure of distress, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI), and Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ C30). Results. Distress was present in 31% of patients. No association was found between distress and sociodemographic/clinical variables. The patients with distress demonstrated higher scores in all fatigue dimensions and, regarding quality of life, had more symptoms and were lower functioning. Distress was positively associated with all fatigue dimensions and with QLQ C30 symptoms. Negative associations were found between distress and QLQ C30 functioning dimensions. The predictors of psychological distress were general fatigue, reduced motivation, and emotional functioning. Conclusion. The percentage of patients with distress was akin to the levels found in patients with the most common types of cancer. Fatigue in patients with GIST should be evaluated and managed to improve distress levels.
Growth of Executive Functions in Preschool-Age Children During the COVID-19 Lockdown: Empirical Evidence
Authors: Chichinina Elena A. , Gavrilova Margarita N.
Published: February 2023

Background. During the lockdown for COVID-19, children were limited in a number of activities which are essential for the development of executive functions (play, social interaction, and organized sport). Earlier studies found an increase in executive function issues in children during the pandemic, based on caregivers’ reports. Objective. The present study was a pioneer in exploring the dynamics of children’s executive function development during the lockdown. Our purpose was to explore the effect of the lockdown on the growth of executive functions in children over a one-year period, as compared to their peers before the pandemic. Design. The sample consisted of two cohorts of children. All the children had been attending the same kindergartens but in different periods of time. The executive functions of both groups were assessed twice, with a year’s break in-between (the first group was assessed before the pandemic; the second, during the pandemic). These groups were comparable in gender composition, age, and family’s place of residence. Results. The results have confirmed concerns about the slower growth of executive functioning in children during the lockdown versus their peers before the pandemic, especially for cognitive flexibility and working memory. Inhibition was not significantly affected by the lockdown. Moderation analysis showed that the lockdown impacted girls differently than boys in terms of working memory. The negative effect of social restrictions on working memory was significantly higher in females. Conclusion. Our findings illuminate the negative effects the pandemic-related social restrictions had on the growth of children’s cognitive flexibility and working memory. For working memory, the effect of social isolation varied depending on the child’s gender.
Conscious Self-regulation, Motivational Factors, and Personality Traits as Predictors of Students’ Academic Performance: A Linear Empirical Model
Authors: Morosanova Varvara I. , Bondarenko Irina N. , Fomina Tatiana G.
Published: February 2023

Background. ! e theoretical basis of this study was the resource approach (Morosanova 2014, 2017), in which the conscious self-regulation of learning activity is understood as a meta-resource for students, allowing them to consciously and independently set learning goals and manage their achievement. ! is approach made it possible to create models of direct and mediate contributions of self-regulation and school engagement not only to academic performance, but also to other motivational and personal competencies. Objective. Our study aimed to investigate the impact of conscious self-regulation, school engagement, motivation, and personality on academic achievement, while taking into account the e" ects of mediation. Design. A quantitative research design was applied, using data collected from more than 1524 students from the 5th to 11th grades in Russian schools and applying Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Results. ! e results allowed us to construct a statistical model of predictors of students’ academic achievement. ! e model was veri# ed on the total sample, as well as samples di" ering in gender and age. ! e results show that conscious self-regulation is central to non-cognitive predictors of academic achievement. For the # rst time, a study has revealed and described the reciprocal relationship between selfregulation, academic motivation, school engagement, and academic performance. ! e resulting model demonstrates that behavioral and cognitive engagement make a signi# cant contribution to academic performance, while emotional and social engagement do not # nd signi# cant links with it, although they determine other areas of school life.
TO THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PORTRAIT OF THE VICTIMS OF TELEPHONE FRAUD
Authors: Meshkova Natalia V. , Kudryavtsev V.T. , Enikolopov Sergey N.
Published: February 2023

Th e article presents the results of an empirical study of the relationship of psychological characteristics (traits of the Big Five, values, cognitive styles) with behavior when contacting telephone scammers pretending to be bank employees. Th e relevance of the study is associated with an increase in the number of victims of telephone fraud, especially among the elderly, and the need to clarify psychological characteristics that allow to resist manipulative infl uence. Th e aim of the work was to identify the psychological characteristics of people at risk of telephone fraud and prone to manipulative infl uences. Th e research is based on the hypothesis that such characteristics are revealed as “Cooperation” and “Conscientiousness” on the “Big Five”, as well as the style of thinking “naive optimism” and security values. Th e study involved respondents aged 50+ (N = 70,26 of them were men, the average age was 61 years). The following questionnaires were used: an abbreviated version of the “NEO-FFI” questionnaire “NEO PI-R” by P. Costa and R. McRae; “Portrait value Questionnaire by Sh. Schwartz — Revised PVQ-R”; CTI Constructive Th inking Inventory, by Epstein. In order to fi nd out whether the respondents had encountered fraudsters, what feelings it had caused and what actions would be taken when contacting “imaginary” bank employees by phone, the authors developed a questionnaire. According to the results obtained, respondents who constitute a risk group exposed to the manipulative infl uence of fraudsters were identifi ed. People aged 50+ with pronounced security values, naive optimistic way of thinking, high selfcontrol, who put the interests of the group above their own, inclined to cooperate, make up a group at risk of being manipulated by telephone scammers. It is concluded that 1. Th e key characteristics of a victim of telephone fraud are not the desire to get rich, but the fear of losing what is available. 2. At the level of attitudes, it is possible to form the ability to resist telephone fraud in people aged 70+. 3. Th e characteristics of resistance to manipulative infl uence may be a combination of low self-control and cooperation with other people, the lack of signifi cance of security values and the lack of naive optimism.
MAN IN RELATIONS WITH THE ENVIRONMENT: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS
Authors: Grishina Natalia V.
Published: February 2023

Background. Th e history of the formation of social psychology is the history of the ongoing search for a methodologically reasonable and correct description of a person’s relationship with the outside world. Th e changing realities of the modern world are transforming the strategies of human interaction with the reality, which creates the need to search for new languages for describing both the surrounding world itself and human interaction with it. Objective. Th e article is devoted to the 50th anniversary of the creation of the Department of Social Psychology of Moscow State University, one of the most important directions in the work of which was the development of methodological problems. Th e desire to formulate and study the fundamental questions of the psychology of human “social being” has always been a distinctive feature of the activity of the Department of Social Psychology of Moscow State University. Th e subject of discussion in the article is the evolution of ideas about the relationship of a person with the outside world. Results. Th e content of the problematic fi eld of modern social psychology is connected with the tasks of developing ideas of a changing context and its cognition by a person. It is shown that the interest in the context of human life is common to a number of areas of modern psychological science. In modern personality psychology an interaction with the outside world is considered as a factor of dynamicfunctioning and development of personality. Th e problem fi elds of other areas of modern science, in particular existential psychology, also include the study of human relations with the outside world. Th us, the principle of contextual study and interpretation of psychological phenomenology acquires the status of a general methodological principle of psychological science Conclusion. Th e main conclusion of the analysis is the statement that socio-psychological knowledge acquies the status of fundamental knowledge for a number of areas of modern psychological science and practice, the interaction of the problematic fi elds of social psychology and personality psychology, their common interest in the existence of a person in the modern world, in situational,\ life and existential contexts, creates prospects for the formation of an integral approach to the study of personality by modern psychological science.
EXPERIENCE OF DISTRESS ASSOCIATED WITH BODY IMAGE AND GENDER IDENTITY
Authors: Romanov Roman V.
Published: February 2023

Background. Historically, the status of transgender identity in the classifi cation of mental disorders is ambiguous and is conditioned by sociocultural factors that infl uence its perception. Recently, it has been seen as a variation of the norm, which is not a psychopathology, but is stigmatized. A refl ection of the reconsidering of transgender identity was the development of ICD-11, the application of which requires research. . Objective of the research is to study diff erences in the experience of distress associated with body image and gender identity. Sample. Th e study included 256 respondents (119 with a masculine identity, 61 with a feminine identity, and 76 with a nonbinary identity). Age 21,6±6,4 years, range — 12–56 years. Th e sample is geographically, economically and ethnically diverse. Methods. To study the contribution of socio-demographic characteristics to the experience of distress was explored using the χ2 test with a signifi cance level of p ≤ 0.05. Th e use of qualitative analysis of content made it possible to highlight the key problems they faced. Results. Many socio-demographic characteristics are associated with experienced distress, which is not specifi c. It is associated both with the bodily structures that determine it and with discrimination that aff ects the respondents. Most of the respondents faced micro-aggression (insults, incorrect use of pronouns), physical and psychological violence. To minimize distress, the respondents resorted to practices consistent with their gender identity and to wearing appropriate clothing. Conclusion. Experience of distress among carriers of macro- and micro-identities has been studied. Th e results of the study will be practical in clinical-psychological practice where transgender and nonbinary identities are oft en pathologized.
“The Torah Shelters and Saves”: covid-19 Pandemic and the Framing of Health Risks in Israeli Ultra-Orthodox Religious Media
Authors: Gering Tuvia , Cohen Yoel
Published: February 2023

Despite growing recognition of the important role which culture and religion play in risk communication and framing theory, research on framing in religious media is limited. In the context of health risks, framing remains virtually unexplored. In an attempt to address this gap, this study looks at risk reporting in religious media. By means of a content analysis of 331 news reports and articles published in the Ultra-Orthodox Jewish religious media in Israel during the covid-19 outbreak in Israel, this study serves the dual purpose of offering the empirical evaluation of the “quality of risk information” as well as the framing of health-risks in religious media. Drawing upon the constructivist approach to framing theory, the study’s findings shed light on the mediation of frames through cultural-religious prisms and its effects on the quality of risk information. In addition, the findings provide a conceptual basis for comparative analysis across various cultural and religious groups.
A Possible Hysteresis in the Arctic Ocean due to Release of Subsurface Heat during Sea Ice Retreat
Authors: Beer Emma , Eisenman Ian , Wagner Till J. W. , Fine Elizabeth C.
Published: February 2023

The Arctic Ocean is characterized by an ice-covered layer of cold and relatively fresh water above layers of warmer and saltier water. It is estimated that enough heat is stored in these deeper layers to melt all the Arctic sea ice many times over, but they are isolated from the surface by a stable halocline. Current vertical mixing rates across the Arctic Ocean halocline are small, due in part to sea ice reducing wind–ocean momentum transfer and damping internal waves. However, recent observational studies have argued that sea ice retreat results in enhanced mixing. This could create a positive feedback whereby increased vertical mixing due to sea ice retreat causes the previously isolated subsurface heat to melt more sea ice. Here, we use an idealized climate model to investigate the impacts of such a feedback. We find that an abrupt “tipping point” can occur under global warming, with an associated hysteresis window bounded by saddle-node bifurcations. We show that the presence and magnitude of the hysteresis are sensitive to the choice of model parameters, and the hysteresis occurs for only a limited range of parameters. During the critical transition at the bifurcation point, we find that only a small percentage of the heat stored in the deep layer is released, although this is still enough to lead to substantial sea ice melt. Furthermore, no clear relationship is apparent between this change in heat storage and the level of hysteresis when the parameters are varied.
The many facets of negative public opinion towards Muslims
Authors: Legault-Leclair Jacob , Wilkins-Laflamme Sarah
Published: February 2023

Few studies have delved empirically into the various factors driving Islamophobia and negative attitudes towards Muslims, or the various forms they can take among individuals. To what extent does state secularism (or laïcité) policy, such as Bill 21 in Quebec, affect attitudes towards Muslims among the general public? What are the various dimensions of attitudes towards Muslims that can be measured in recent years? Using 2011–2019 Canadian Election Study data, the authors do not find a large impact of state secularism policy on public opinion towards Muslims, nor a strong dislike of organized religion explaining all negative attitudes towards Muslims in Quebec and in the rest of Canada. Instead, they find a wide variety of negative attitudes towards Muslims: some respondents specifically targeted Muslims with their discomfort and dislike, while others showed dislike towards Muslims tied to wider xenophobic attitudes towards racial minorities, immigrants, and other minority and vulnerable groups in society.
Bronchiolitis Due to RSV and HMPV—Epidemiology, Clinical Course, and Prognosis: Experience of a Single Tertiary Center
Authors: Azar Bar , Hashavya Saar , Ohana Sarna Cahan Lea , Reif Shimon , Gross Itai
Published: February 2023

Acute bronchiolitis is a leading cause of hospitalization in infants. In this retrospective study, 645 patients with acute bronchiolitis diagnosed as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV; n = 538) or human metapneumovirus (HMPV; n = 107) were compared in terms of demographic, clinical, and laboratory findings. The HMPV patients presented later in the winter, were older (20 vs 7.55 months; P < .001)), had higher levels of C-reactive protein (4.55 vs 3.03 mg/dL; P = .007), and a higher prevalence of complications (43.9% vs 32.7%; P = .03). This study highlights the similarities and differences between these 2 common respiratory viral pathogens and shows that HMPV has a slightly more severe disease course than RSV. These findings can help guide approaches to these 2 common viruses that cause bronchiolitis.
Development of the hardness, three-point bending, and wear behavior of self-lubricating Cu-5Gr/Al2O3-Cr3C2 hybrid composites
Authors: Şap Serhat , Usca Üsame Ali , Uzun Mahir , Giasin Khaled , Pimenov Danil Yu
Published: February 2023

This research aims to assess the mechanical characteristics of high-performance copper composites made utilizing powder metallurgy. The composites were produced by adding reinforcement elements (Al2O3-Cr3C2) at different rates (3-6–9 wt.%) into copper-graphite (Cu-5Gr) via hot pressing technique. The microstructure, hardness, three-point bending and wear performance were analysed. The results determined that hybrid reinforced composites exhibited higher density, hardness and bending strength compared to Cu-Gr composites. The highest hardness of 73.02 HB was found in the CG-4 (copper graphit-4) sample. The maximum bending stress of 151.06 MPa occurred in sample CG-2. In addition, it was observed that the wear resistance increased significantly with the addition of the hybrid reinforcements. The lowest specific wear rate of 7.961 × 10−7 mm3/N.m occurred in sample CG-6. As a result, 15.92%, 58.16% and 83.21% improvements were achieved in hardness, bending strength and wear performance, respectively. The current work indicates that certain mechanical properties of copper can be improved via the powder metallurgy process and the addition of reinforcements which could expand the applications and use of this metal in different industries.
External threats and state support for arms control
Authors: Risse Tobias
Published: February 2023

The successful closure of arms control negotiations today is conditional on the commitment of many more states than during the Cold War. The question of what determines states’ positions on arms control has therefore become increasingly relevant. Multiple scholars have identified external security threats by other states as the key explanatory factor of opposition to arms control, but empirical evidence hereof is so far limited to a small set of cases. Against this backdrop, this article carries out a global examination of the effect of external threats in the form of interstate disputes and rivalries on state support for arms control. This analysis is facilitated by a novel measure of arms control support that combines United Nations General Assembly voting data with manual coding of 1,178 resolutions. Across a variety of model specifications, the results do not show any significant effect of external threats on support for arms control. This article argues that this means either that the two variables are not related at all, or that two opposing mechanisms cancel out each other: arms control not only entails costs, but also benefits for states that face external threats, as it limits both states involved in a rivalry or dispute. Either way, this study challenges the notion that there is a strictly negative relationship between external threats and arms control support and thus contributes to our understanding of arms control and foreign policy making in general.
Children’s Physical Activity During the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Cross Cultural Comparison Between Portugal, Brazil and Italy
Authors: Pombo André , Luz Carlos , Rodrigues Luis P. , de Sá Cristina dos Santos C. , Siegle Cristhina Bonilha Huster , Tortella Patrizia , Fumagalli Guido , Cordovil Rita
Published: February 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic forced governments to implement measures that disrupted the daily routines of many families worldwide. We studied how the COVID-19 lockdown affected children’s routines in Portugal (PT), Brazil (BR), and Italy (IT) to determine if children’s age and country impacted their physical activity (PA) and sedentary time. We launched an anonymous online survey to assess how 3–12 years old children adjusted their daily routines to this situation. Parents reported the times each child was engaged in different activities throughout the day, and we used these data to calculate separately overall sedentary and physical activity time. We conducted separate analyses of variance for age and country on the percentage of time spent in the different activities. Results, based on the data from 3045 children in these three countries (PT n = 2044; BR n = 836; IT n = 165), showed that, during lockdown, most children spent most of their awake daily hours in sedentary activities. There was a clear age effect on the way their routines were organized. Percentages of time spent in intellectual activity, playful screen activity, and overall sedentary time were greater in the older age groups, whereas percentages of time spent in play (with and without PA) and in overall PA were greater in the younger groups. We found a main effect of country for all variables except play without PA. The country effect was mainly due to the difference between the routines in BR when compared to PT and IT. Values of playful screen time and overall sedentary activity were higher in BR than in the two European countries. Conversely, values for play with PA, PA, and overall PA (except in the older group) were lower in BR. Patterns of time spent in these activities were similar in IT and PT, but PA and overall PA times were higher in the two younger age groups in IT. In summary, percentage of PA time of confined children was low and decreased with age across all three countries and was particularly low for children in BR relative to those in PT and IT.