bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La teoría conciliarista en Castilla (1414-1563)
Authors: Tubau Xavier
Published: December 2024

Los estudios sobre historia religiosa tienden a descuidar la literatura escolástica sobre temas eclesiológicos. La eclesiología es una disciplina fundamental para entender los movimientos de reforma religiosa en el mundo católico desde los Concilio de Constanza (1414-1418) y Basilea (1431-1449) hasta el Concilio de Trento (1545-1563). La teoría conciliarista, que sostenía la superioridad del concilio general sobre el papa, fue el marco en el que se articularon algunas propuestas de reforma para la Iglesia contemporánea. La tradición historiográfica española del siglo pasado tendió a rebajar la dimensión intelectual de figuras como Juan de Segovia y a negar la pervivencia del conciliarismo en Castilla tras el Concilio de Basilea. Durante los últimos treinta años, sin embargo, nuevas investigaciones sobre el tema han demostrado la riqueza intelectual del pensamiento conciliarista durante el siglo XV y su relevante presencia en el mundo político y religioso de la Castilla del siglo XVI. Ante la falta de una revisión bibliográfica sobre este tema fundamental para la historia intelectual de la época, esta contribución ofrece un balance de las líneas de investigación desarrolladas hasta la fecha y plantea nuevas líneas de trabajo para el futuro.
Una scommessa a favore del senso. Brevi riflessioni sulla prospettiva fenomenologico-strutturale di Francesco D’Agostino
Authors: Daverio Margherita
Published: December 2024

Nel presente contributo si propongono alcune riflessioni riguardo al metodo fenomenologico-strutturale di Francesco D’Agostino, che, come noto, si colloca in continuità con l’ontofenome­nologia giuridica di Sergio Cotta. In parti­colare, l’articolo si propone di dare sinteti­co conto di quanto recentemente emerso nei contributi scientifici rispetto alla figura intellettuale di Francesco D’Agostino, evi­denziando quanto attiene al metodo da lui seguito. L’articolo prosegue illustran­do, a partire da alcuni scritti dell’Autore, l’utilizzo della prospettiva fenomenologi­co-strutturale, che unisce la dimensione di una fenomenologia dell’esperienza giuridica alla capacità, partendo da questi elementi, di giungere a conclusioni sulle strutture fondamentali dell’uomo e del diritto. Nel contributo vengono inoltre mostrate le implicazioni di tale metodo riguardo ad alcune tematiche trattate da D’Agostino, in concreto famiglia e laicità. Infine, sono svolte alcune ulteriori considerazioni riguardo alla rilevanza del metodo fenomenologico-strutturale per la riflessione filosofica sul diritto, come conclusione “provvisoria” che apre a fu­turi approfondimenti riguardo al metodo di D’Agostino.
İslam Öncesi Dönemden Günümüze: Araplar
Authors: Çakmak Fatih Muhammed
Published: December 2024

Çalışmada, Heinz Halm tarafından kaleme alınan; kitabelerden, vakayinamelerden, gazetelerden, sözlü kaynaklardan vesair tarihî kaynaktan yararlanılarak Arap tarihinin anlatıldığı çalışma değerlendirilecektir. “İslam Öncesi Dönemden Günümüze: Araplar” ismiyle Hitit Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Araştırma Görevlisi Fahrettin Haliloğlu’nun tercüme ettiği eser, millet varlığı milat öncesi dönemlere uzanan Arapların, tarih boyunca içinden geçtikleri süreçleri ele alma iddiasını taşımaktadır. Bu iddianın varlığı, çalışmanın kritik için seçilmesinin temel nedenini oluşturmaktadır. İslam öncesi dönemden 21. yüzyıla kadar oldukça geniş bir zamanı kapsayan bir çalışmada Arapların tarihinin hangi açılardan ele alındığı önemli olmakla birlikte; söz konusu tarihi akış içerisinde Alman bir araştırmacı gözüyle Hz. Peygamber’in risaletinin ne şekilde işlendiğini ve nasıl yansıtıldığını incelemek, siyer araştırmaları açısından, ayrıca önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çerçevede değerlendirmeye gayret edeceğimiz kitap, “İslam Öncesi Arabistan”, “Arabistan ve İslam”, “10. Yüzyıldan 15. Yüzyıla Kadar Arap Dünyası”, “1500’den 1800’e Kadar Arap Dünyası”, “19. Yüzyıl”, “20. Yüzyılda Devlet Oluşumu ve Bağımsızlık” ve “21. Yüzyılın Başında Arap Dünyası” başlıklarıyla yedi bölümden meydana gelmektedir.
2024 Clinical practice guidelines for Pulmonary hypertension, including chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Avdeev S. N. , Barbarash O. L. , Valieva Z. S. , Volkov A. V. , Veselova T. N. , Galyavich A. S. , Goncharova N. S. , Gorbachevsky S. V. , Gramovich V. V. , Danilov N. M. , Klimenko A. A. , Martynyuk T. V. , Moiseeva O. M. , Ryzhkova D. V. , Simakova M. A. , Sinitsyn V. E. , Stukalova O. V. , Chazova I. E. , Chernogrivov I. E. , Shmalts A. A. , Tsareva N. A.
Published: December 2024

The Russian Society of Cardiology (RSC)

With the participation of: the Russian Association of Cardiovascular Surgeons, Eurasian Association of Cardiology (EAC), The Russian Medical Society on Arterial Hypertension (RMSAH), Russian Respiratory Society (RRS), the Association of Anesthesiologists and Intensive Care Specialists, the Russian Society of Radiologists and Radiologists (RSRR), the Association of Rheumatologists of Russia.

Endorsed by the Research and Practical Council of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (12.09.2024).
Lifelong Exercise Mitigates Aging-Induced Clk2 Elevation and Attenuates Fatty Liver in Mice
Authors: Kim In-Gyu , Baek Kyung-Wan , Xiang Ying-Ying , Won Jong-Hwa , Kim Ji Hyun , Kim Ji-Seok
Published: December 2024

PURPOSE: This study investigated how aging regulates the expression of Clk2 (Cdc2-like kinase 2) protein and genes in the liver, and how lifelong spontaneous exercise (LSE) affects this expression.METHODS: Male C57BL/6 mice were housed under controlled conditions and divided into groups with (EXE) and without (CON) access to running wheels to investigate the effects of LSE on Clk2 expression in the liver. The mice were maintained until 99 weeks of age (Old-CON, n=7; Old-EXE, n=7), Young controls underwent the same experiment for 22 weeks and were sacrificed at the same time points as the aged mice (Young-CON, n=7; Young-EXE, n=7), and body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Liver tissue samples were collected 48 h after the final exercise session and Clk2 expression was analyzed. Histological evaluation of the liver was performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity scores were calculated.RESULTS: Aged mice that underwent LSE exhibited significantly higher bone mineral content (Old-CON vs. Old-EXE, p<.05), and lower hepatic Clk2 expression compared to sedentary aged controls (Old-CON vs. Old-EXE, p<.05). LSE also led to a reduction in the NAFLD activity score (Old-CON vs. Old-EXE, p<.05), indicating less liver fat accumulation.CONCLUSIONS: Clk2 increases in the liver with aging. Additionally, LSE appears to contribute to the suppression of Clk2, thereby reducing hepatic lipid accumulation and the NAFLD activity score. However, further research is required to fully understand the direct relationship between Clk2, aging, and exercise.
Associations between Metabolic Syndrome, Grip Strength, and Depressive Symptom among Community-Dwelling Older Adult: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jin Youngyun , Kim Taewan , Lee Kunho , Kim Donghyun
Published: December 2024

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the influence of muscle strength on the association between metabolic syndrome and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults.METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 630 randomly selected community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and older living in Suwon City. After excluding those younger than 65 years and those with mobility limitations or musculoskeletal disorders, 619 participants were included in the final analysis. The 15-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale was used to assess depressive symptoms. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was defined based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adults Treatment Panel III criteria, which included triglyceride (TG), reduced blood high-density lipoprotein (HDL), high blood pressure (BP), elevated fasting plasma glucose, and waist circumference (WC). A digital dynamometer was used to assess grip strength, and the maximum value was determined.RESULTS: Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with relative hand grip strength (RHGS). Specifically, when comparing groups based on the presence of MetS and RHGS levels, grip strength (RHGS) was confirmed to have an important mediating effect on depressive disorders. The following odds ratios (OR) were observed: normal RHGS with metabolic syndrome (OR: 1.859, 95% CI: 0.867-3.985, p=.111), low RHGS without metabolic syndrome (OR: 3.613, 95% CI: 1.735-6.522, p<.001), and low RHGS with MetS (OR: 4.145, 95% CI: 1.687-10.188, p=.002).CONCLUSIONS: Depression appears to have a strong correlation with MetS in adults aged 65 and older. Among the various factors associated with MetS, muscle strength has the closest and most significant association with depressive symptoms. Therefore, implementing strategies to improve muscle strength may be crucial in reducing the likelihood of depression in the elderly population.
Empirical research indicators for family cultural capital
Authors: Proshkova Zoya
Published: December 2024

The cultural capital of a family largely defines human resources, especially when it comes to young students (preschoolers, schoolchildren, college students, students of the first two years). The mechanisms of culture inheritance by younger generations are especially peculiar to analyse. The study of family resources is relevant due to the need for thorough human capital analysis, the details of educational and professional choice.
The author of the methodological analysis presents a set of indicators relevant to the empirical study of family cultural capital. Among the proposed nine indicators, there are education of parents and the people themselves, parents' professions, family's attitude to higher education, knowledge of foreign languages in the family, the availability of a home library and Internet access. Such indicators as attendance at cultural events, family holidays, and family heirlooms are justified. Several internal characteristics are proposed for each referent. In the developed methodological model, the most appropriate sociological methods are identified, with the help of which it is convenient to analyze various elements of family cultural capital.
The proposed indicators can be used in reflexive empirical research, that is, a representative survey, a biographical method, various types of questionnaires, and interviews. The findings of the study are useful for teaching students of sociological and cultural practices. The obtained results can be applied in family and educational policy, as well as analysing the ratio of requests and offers of the modern labour market.
Cumulative assessment system: design, approbation and application results
Authors: Gumennikova Julia , Zolkin Alexander , Bogdanov Mikhail , Uzdenova Madina
Published: December 2024

The article discusses the issues of developing and testing a cumulative system for evaluating individual achievements of university students, which is a special case of a point-rating assessment system widely used in Western countries. An analysis of the literature describing various aspects of the design and application of such assessment systems shows that, along with their obvious advantages, there are also a number of disadvantages. To eliminate them, the authors design a cumulative assessment system that allows taking into account the points received by the student for completing the current work in the semester not as a mandatory component of the final assessment of the discipline, but as an addition to the points received by the student during the exam/test. The points received by the student in the semester and on the exam/test are summed up and translated into traditional grades «excellent», «good», etc., while the total score may exceed the maximum established final score of 10 points.
To apply the developed assessment system, the authors have compiled a table posted in the electronic information and learning environment of the university at the beginning of the semester with detailed explanations of the rules for awarding points for each unit of current work. On the day of the interim certification, the report card is supplemented with the points obtained on the exam. The total score is calculated, which is converted into a traditional score. Such a scheme of action ensures full transparency and objectivity of the assessment procedure.
The article also presents the results of the approbation of the assessment methodology developed by the authors. The conducted pedagogical experiment shows that the use of a cumulative assessment system leads to a steady improvement in the quality of students' knowledge, in particular, the final total score in the experimental group exceeded that in the control group by 12,18 %.
Improvement of methods for strengthening wooden beams in support zones using clamps
Authors: Moskalev Mihail
Published: December 2024

The article addresses the issues of deformation in wooden beams in support zones and proposes methods to resolve them using metal clamps. Special attention is given to the fact that when wood humidity changes, it expands, creating high compressive stresses in the clamp zones, potentially leading to material failure. As shown in the article, even a relatively small change in humidity (within 2 %) is enough to compress the wood and stop the clamp from functioning. This limitation significantly restricts the current use of clamps to reinforce wooden structures. To prevent such issues, adjustable clamps are proposed, which compensate for changes in wood dimensions due to humidity fluctuations. It is recommended that the adjustment of the clamps be done using a wrench. The article presents research results on the deformations of wooden beams reinforced with metal clamps and provides recommendations for calculating the forces required to compensate for wood swelling due to humidity. Parameters for adjusting the clamps are calculated using special formulas, including determining the angle of rotation of the adjustment nut depending on time and humidity changes in the environment. The article also discusses conditions where clamp use is most effective, especially for tall wooden beams in support zones. This work may be useful for engineers and specialists in wooden construction, offering practical recommendations to improve the strength and durability of structures exposed to external factors.
Specialpedagogikens professioner i internationellt perspektiv
Authors: Magnússon Gunnlaugur
Published: December 2024

Hur yrkesgrupper som motsvarar svenska specialpedagoger och speciallärare ser ut i nordiska och engelskspråkiga länder i Europa.
Vilken specialprofession ska finnas i den svenska skolan?
Authors: Nordgren Izabelle , Nordeman Vikström Erica , Sponton Lina , Söderman Cornelia , Höstfält Gabriella
Published: December 2024

Specialprofessionerna mellan 1989-2012, perioden då speciallärarutbildningen först läggs ner och sedan återkommer i helt ny form.
Lenition, fortition, and lexical access in Iwaidja and Mawng
Authors: Bundgaard-Nielsen Rikke Louise , Mailhammer Robert , Baker Brett , Wang Yizhou , Harvey Mark , Turner Chloe
Published: December 2024

Many models of word recognition assume that spoken words are faithful to their phonological shape in the lexicon and that word recognition begins with the first incoming segment and proceeds linearly. Some languages, however, including Mawng and Iwaidja (Australia), exhibit alternations in word-initial segments, rendering these segments potentially unreliable. We tested the effect of word-initial segmental variability in Mawng and Iwaidja in a Two-Alternate Forced Choice experiment which paired canonical productions of nouns with forms beginning with both attested and non-attested variant onsets. All participants preferred canonical forms, but Mawng speakers were tolerant of /ɡ/-initial lenition. Results demonstrate that speakers prefer input consistent with the lexical specifications. Variance is only tolerated when phonetic/phonological deviance does not compromise native phonological and phonetic boundaries. The results highlight the importance of language-specific lexicon-phonology-phonetics interfaces in word-recognition and may guide developments in models of continuous parsing regarding the question of the nature of the input.
Conflict between Chile and Argentina in the Beagle Channel: Historical background and methods of resolution
Authors:   MGIMO University, Makarycheva Anna V. , Kryukova Elena V. ,   MGIMO University
Published: December 2024

The authors of the article analyze the history of the territorial dispute between Chile and Argentina in the Beagle Channel and assess the ways of resolving the conflict which has had a significant impact on relations between the countries. The aim of the study is to examine the main sources of conflict and its resolution. The article also outlines the main periods of the conflict and subsequent restoration of relations between the two countries. The topic is brought to the limelight because disputes over borders have marked international relations in Latin America for many years. With each of them having specific traits, their resolution requires a comprehensive approach that takes into account many factors. The border conflict between Chile and Argentina was chosen for a number of reasons. Firstly, this dispute is an important example of successful conflict resolution. Secondly, the conflict over the Beagle Channel is still scarcely researched in Russian historiography. The works focused on the issue either focus mainly on the legal aspects of the territorial dispute settlement, or the conflict is analyzed in a broader context, without a detailed analysis of the stages and methods of its settlement. The authors relied not only on primary sources (documents, treaties and agreements between the countries), but also on Latin American and Spanish authors in Portuguese and Spanish. Such a broad base of material allows them to analyze and comprehensively cover all the features of the course and resolution of the territorial dispute between the two countries. The article singles out three stages of the conflict. The first stage is the longest in terms of time and covers the period from 1904 to 1977. The second stage of the conflict, although very short, is one of the most dramatic ones. It begins in 1978, when Argentina, not satisfied with the 1977 court ruling, after unsuccessful attempts to change the situation in its favor, started preparations for a military operation dubbed “Sovereignty” (Soberanía). The third phase began in 1979 with the Montevideo Act. Under this agreement, both countries accepted Vatican mediation, and as a result of the negotiations the parties signed the 1984 Treaty of Peace and Friendship. The authors prove that the historic compromise reached by Chile and Argentina through Vatican diplomacy not only resolved the crisis of 1978, but also helped to set aside the main controversies arising from the different interpretations of the 1881 Treaty. The authors conclude that contradictions between states can only be successfully managed and resolved if the source of the conflict is accurately identified, the perspectives of each party are understood, and the internal and external consequences for the states involved are recognized.
Burials of “senior” Monomakhovichi as a system of expressing the power claims of the family
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Nikolaeva Natalya D.
Published: December 2024

The author of the article examines the system of princely burials of Vladimir Monomakh’s sons. The aim of the article is to analyze the logic of burials of Vladimir Monomakh’s sons, considering the political and ideological realities of the 12th century. The analysis is based on the Ipatiev and Laurentian chronicles. In the introduction to the article, the author explains the importance of studying the system of princely burials: they are a symbolic expression of ideas about the power strategies and claims of the ruling elites of the Middle Ages. The author suggests that polycentrism, which was finally established in Russia in the 12th century, had to influence the forms of legitimization of power, including the burial system of the Rurik dynasty. Also it is stated that the example of the burial system of the sons of Monomakh is most indicative of the history of the 12th century. After all, it was the sons of Vladimir Monomakh who continuously held power in Kiev until 1139. Yuri and Vyacheslav Vladimirovich were significant political figures during the strife for the Kievan throne in the middle of the 12th century. Finally, the historiography has repeatedly suggested that it was Prince Vladimir and his sons who had a strategy to establish the hegemony of their family in medieval Russia. The main part of the article is divided into two parts. The first part is about the burials of Vladimir’s sons in Kiev and its surroundings. The second is about the burial of princes outside Kiev. The author examines the Kiev burials, starting with Vladimir Monomakh. Further, the burials of Mstislav the Great, Yaropolk Vladimirovich, Vyacheslav Vladimirovich, and Yuri Dolgoruky are analyzed chronologically. Based on a detailed analysis of the circumstances of the death and funeral of the princes, the author comes to several conclusions. The high importance of burials from the standpoint of identification of power elites is explained by the mechanism of the feudal society functioning. In the process of decentralization of medieval Russia, the system of princely burials became more situational. The burial of each son of Vladimir Monomakh was associated with a number of conditions: the political agenda that the prince followed during his lifetime, the presence or absence of his direct heirs, the mutual relations of the prince and the urban community. Situationality was due to the adaptation of the ruling elite to changing conditions against the background of an acute struggle for land plots. This struggle was based on a long process of transformation of the system of relations between representatives of the princely dynasty, as well as between princes and the emerging nobility.
The primary sources of Diodorus Siculus in the description of the Samnite Wars: A new approach to the old problem
Authors:   North-Caucasus Federal University, Cherkasov Artyom I.
Published: December 2024

The issue of the primary sources of Diodorus Siculus in the description of the Samnite Wars and Roman events in general is the essence of a two-century problem in historiography. In the course of long searches, experts put forward more than a dozen different hypotheses based on the “single source theory”, its modernized version, “multiple sources theory”, differentiated approach, but consensus was not reached. That is why, in order to overcome the emerging methodological crisis in the issue of primary sources, the article proposes a “new differentiated approach” aimed at identifying historical traditions within the framework of narrative blocks. Based on the proposed approach, using internal and comparative analysis, the article examines 14 narrative blocks related with the least studied events of the Samnite Wars. It is concluded that Diodorus in narrative blocks relied on the early annalistic tradition under 354, 318, 310 BC and indirectly under 313 BC, the middle annalistic tradition under 306 BC, the middle or late annalistic traditions under 316, 314 and 308 BC, the late annalistic tradition under 315, 311, 305 BC and indirectly under 304 BC, the early Greek tradition under 295 BC. Limiting the range of sources to one tradition in each narrative block also allowed in some cases identifying the potential author: Duris (under 295 BC), Fabius Pictor (under 310 BC), Claudius Quadrigarius (under 315 BC), Valerius Antias (under 311 BC), Licinius Macer or Aelius Tubero (under 305 BC), Terentius Varro or Pomponius Atticus (under 304 BC). In only one case of 312 BC, it was not possible to determine the tradition, but in other episodes, the new approach allowed establishing the degree of reliability of Diodorus’ information. One way or another, the precariousness of identifying the exact source within the framework of narrative blocks is overcome by determining wider historical traditions, which allow establishing the degree of reliability of the information in individual parts of Diodorus’ work without identifying a specific author. The only narrative block in which it was not possible to determine the tradition due to the brevity of the note and the lack of specific ethnonyms refers to the events of 312 BC; however, in all other cases, the new approach gave positive results. Diodorus, constantly changing sources throughout the entire narrative of the Samnite Wars, sought to use as many authors as possible, based on his concept of the “Historical Library”, i.e., collections of not only diverse information about the past, but also various historical works.
The use of the ancient Greek long jump technique with halteres in the educational process of university students
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Sidorenko Aleksandr S.
Published: December 2024

Ancient Greece was a highly developed civilization that gave the world many useful discoveries and inventions. According to ancient Greek historians and artifacts that have survived to this day, Greeks were able to achieve a lot in the field of sports. Ancient athletes performed the long jump with special stone or metal dumbbells in their hands, called halteres, weighing from 1.5 to 4.6 kg each. Accurate information about the jumping technique and the effectiveness of halteres has not been preserved; however, a number of experts, based on research, believe that the use of weights can increase the range of a standing long jump to 15–20 cm. In order to test the effectiveness of using different weights when performing a standing long jump, the authors conducted a small pedagogical experiment, the participants of which were 27 male and 12 female first-year students of Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation. The participants in the experiment performed three standing jumps without dumbbells, then after a little preliminary technical training they made alternate jumps with dumbbells weighing 0.5 kg, 1 kg, 1.5 kg, and 2 kg in each hand, three jumps with each weight. Among young men, the average result of a jump with dumbbells weighing 0.5 kg practically did not change compared to a regular jump; when using dumbbells of 1 kg and 1.5 kg, an average improvement in the result was observed, respectively, by 1.63 cm and 3.04 cm; heavier dumbbells of 2 kg reduced the result by 5.11 cm relative to 1.5 kg dumbbells and by 2.07 cm relative to a no-load jump. Among girls, an improvement in the average result relative to a jump without weights was noted only when using dumbbells weighing 0.5 kg by 1.83 cm. However, further, with an increase in the weight of dumbbells, a slight decrease in results was found below the level of a regular jump without weights, with a weight of 1 kg by 0.28 cm, with a weight of 1.5 kg by 1.92 cm. But then, when performing a jump with dumbbells of 2 kg, the result slightly increased compared to a jump with a weight of 1.5 kg by 1.04 cm. At the same time, some male students were able to improve the result of the jump by 17 cm with dumbbells of 1.5 kg, and girls 10 cm with dumbbells of 1 kg. The halteres used by ancient athletes during a jump, according to the laws of biomechanics, contribute to increasing the distance of the jump only if an accurate and competent technique is observed in combination with a sufficient basic level of general physical fitness. The use of lightweight dumbbells during training sessions for university students will help students more effectively master the correct standing long jump technique because weights will allow the jumper to make more competent directed movements of the upper shoulder girdle to move the center of the body mass in all phases of the jump.
Translated fiction in the Armenian magazines of Tiflis of the late 19th – early 20th centuries
Authors:   Yerevan State University, Petrosyan David V. , Martirosyan Nagash N. ,   Yerevan State University, Danielyan Taron R. ,   Vanadzor State University; Yerevan State University
Published: December 2024

The article examines the dynamics of the development of translated literature in Tiflis–Armenian magazines at the end of the 19th to the beginning of the 20th centuries. It presents the programmatic policies of publishers and editors of the magazines, identifies quantitative and qualitative characteristics of translated literature, as well as its significance in shaping Armenian literary criticism and ethics, and in refining the Eastern Armenian literary language. The conclusion is drawn that, evolving within the general framework of the pre-revolutionary press of the Russian Empire, the corpus of Armenian translated literature in magazines bore significant resemblance to the corpus of translated literature in Russian periodicals. The main feature was manifested in the selection of works from neighboring nations, driven by the tendentious aim of some publishers to demonstrate to Armenian readers the level of cultural development and the image of the “Other” with whom they shared a combination of regional, socio-political, and sociocultural realities. These same realities became factors contributing to the dominance of Russian literature in the overall corpus of Armenian translated literature. In this case, a large number of translations were also influenced by the authority of the dominant culture of the empire and the ideals of its famous representatives, which largely corresponded to the philosophical and aesthetic views of Armenian literary figures. Furthermore, translated literature reduced the degree of isolation, alienation, and distance in the system of intercultural communication. The editors of Armenian magazines, well-acquainted with the modernist trends of European literature at the end of the 19th century, nonetheless preferred world classical literature. Their aim was to cultivate the Armenian reader within the framework of corresponding aesthetic categories. They were confident that Western cultural orientation would not harm national distinctiveness and would serve as a guide to world literature and literary studies. During this period, translated literature simultaneously became one of the main factors and indicators of the development of Eastern Armenian literary language, literary critical thought, and creative ethics.
US Emissions and Climate Policy: National and State Trends
Authors: Esayan Marianna
Published: December 2024

США активны в глобальной климатической повестке, но страна остается вторым по объему эмитентом выбросов парниковых газов в мире, а также занимает второе место по объемам производства и потребления энергии. Климатическая политика США характеризуется дискретностью и нестабильностью, что связано со сменой президентских администраций, принадлежащих к различным политическим партиям.

В стране достигнут значительный прогресс в использовании альтернативных источников энергии и снижении общего объема выбросов, однако динамика и характер внедрения возобновляемой энергетики существенно различаются между штатами, фрагментируя усилия на общенациональном уровне. Различия в экономических приоритетах и доступе к энергетическим ресурсам нередко перевешивают влияние политической конъюнктуры, при этом ни экономический рост, ни партийная принадлежность не оказывают решающего влияния на снижение выбросов. Это соответствует исторической тенденции, в рамках которой сокращение выбросов определяется в большей степени наличием природных ресурсов, структурой экономики и технологическими возможностями отдельных штатов, нежели климатической политикой. Ключевыми барьерами на пути к декарбонизации остаются преобладание деловых интересов, медленные темпы реализации мер по борьбе с изменением климата и неамбициозный подход к ним как на национальном, так и на региональном уровне.
The Unkind Look of Others
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy and Law, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Yekaterinburg)., Martyanov Victor
Published: December 2024

Review of the Monograph ‘‘Inequality of Equals. The Concept and Phenomenon of Resentment’’
JAX-Sen:Chromium GEM-X Single Cell 3' v4 (CG000731 | Rev B) v1
Authors: L. Daigle Sandra
Published: December 2024

10x Genomics Chromium Single Cell Expression protocol for library construction. Note: These protocols may not be the current version offered by the company but were used to produce the specific datasets connected to them. Please review the company support websites for the most recent versions of the protocols prior to starting your experiment.
REDI-NET F-4 FECES TESTING v2
Authors: Consortium REDI-NET
Published: December 2024

The overarching aim of the REDI-NET is to develop a collaborative laboratory network between domestic and international partnering institutions to address disease surveillance needs in order to effectively detect, predict and contain potentially emergent zoonosis. This protocol provides guidance on testing of feces samples and their purified nucleic acid to preserve their integrity for downstream sequencing library preparation.
Development of A Target Product Profile (TPP) for a Diagnostic Test for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Meropenem v1
Authors: Davies Kerrie , Gould Richard , Osborn Jennifer , Messenger Michael
Published: December 2024

This protocol outlines the development of a Target Product Profile (TPP) for an in vitro diagnostic (IVD) test to enable therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of meropenem, a potent broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic, often reserved for severe infections. By defining the key performance and operational characteristics required of a diagnostic test, this TPP aims to stimulate and direct the development of critically needed IVDs to address this unmet clinical need. The expected outcome of this work is a consensus-driven TPP that reflects stakeholder input and identifies the minimal and preferred criteria for a fit-for-purpose TDM test. This TPP will serve as a blueprint for innovators, guiding the development of diagnostic technologies to optimise meropenem use, improve patient outcomes, and reduce antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
FeCl3 solution for NEFF Media v1
Authors: Meister Christoph , F Jimenez-Soto Luisa
Published: December 2024

For axenic growth of Tetrahymena thermophila in the lab, NEFF media requires a final concentration of 33 µM (see Tetrahymena Stock Center (RRID:SCR_008362)). To guarantee that the iron in the media is as fresh as possible, we complement NEF media with iron (resulting in NEFF) shortly before use, and store the complete medium for no more than a week, if it contains iron. With this in mind, we keep iron chloride as a stock solution 1000X concentrated. In this protocol, we describe how we prepare the stock solution and its storage. This method has allow us to store it up to 3 years with minimum waste because of oxidation of the solution. In addition, having them in small aliquots for a long time, allows us to reduce growth variability and behavior related to iron changes.
Routine Operation of a Triple Quadrupole Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS/MS) for Determining the Elemental Composition of Various Cell Types. v1
Authors: J. Camacho Dimitrios , Perrino Charles , S. Merchant Sabeeha
Published: December 2024

This protocol describes a method for the routine operation of the Agilent Triple Quadrupole Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer 8900 (ICP-QQQ) for the elemental analysis of digested cells, spent media, and reagents. This protocol will outline the formulation of needed solutions, startup checklist, MassHunter software operation, performance checks, tuning, calibration, sample introduction, data acquisition, data analysis, and shut down. The parameters used in this protocol enable the efficient and accurate quantitation of Na, Mg, P, S, K, Ca, Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo, Ag, and Cd in algal cells, the growth media used for culture, and spent media. Cells digested in 70% nitric acid or the media are separately diluted to a final matrix of 2% nitric acid. Samples are mixed with on-line addition of internal standards Sc, Y, and Re. Three gases are used sequentially in the collision reaction cell to minimize interferences. Helium is used in collision mode for the removal of polyatomic ions through kinetic energy discrimination. Hydrogen and oxygen are used in reaction mode for the removal of mass shifted contaminants and the selection of mass shifted ions, respectively. The linear dynamic range of the instrument using this set up spans 4 orders of magnitude with a detection limit in the parts per trillion range for trace elements such as Cu, Zn, Mn, Se, Mo, Ag, and Cd.
Cancel Culture as a Tool in the Struggle of Mnemonic Security Regimes
Authors: Turkin I.A.
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this article is to identify the specifics of cancel culture in the context of politics of memory. To achieve this, the author addresses the following objectives: a) to theoretically justify the use of the concept of “mnemonic security regime” as a tool for analyzing cancel culture as a new form of social ostracism, b) to examine the functioning of mnemonic security regimes in the context of digitalization. Based on an analysis of scientific literature on memory regimes and international regime theories, the author concludes that a mnemonic security regime is a political project incorporating symbols of the past, built on formal and informal institutions that limit the actions of actors to achieve long-term good. It is emphasized that in the context of the decline of “global” memory culture, antagonistic mnemonic security regimes dominate, with cancel culture becoming a key tool in the struggle between alternative projects of the past. The article highlights several features of modern reality that influence the transformation of images of the past and the rise of cancel culture. First, the conflict between “old” and “new” mnemonic security regimes. Second, the lack of resources for actors to establish their mnemonic security regime as universally accepted. Third, the rejection of deliberation and the choice of conflict as a way to resolve contradictions. The article also examines the specifics of functioning of mnemonic security regimes in the context of digitalization. It identifies key strategies for maintaining one’s own mnemonic security regime while marginalizing others, including appeals to justice and to historical truth. The study concludes that atomization and conflict are defining characteristics of modern memorial discourse.
Mapping Brussels' Displaced Housing Ecosystem: Palais des Droits’ Post-Eviction Geographies and “Weird Alliances”
Authors: Nagi Tasneem , Beeckmans Luce , D'Auria Viviana
Published: December 2024

As displaced people arrive at European cities, the experiences of displacement caused by forces of bordering and securitization do not end at the point of arrival. Due to a pre-existing housing crisis characterized by critical shortages in affordable housing, a series of urban displacements ensue. The intersectionality between the border regime and neoliberal housing systems produces gaps in migrant housing needs which neither the reception nor the housing governance adequately addresses. In this vacuum, moments of encounter between displaced migrants and non-migrants, who share a need for housing, can be witnessed in the limited affordable urban space where they attempt to address their own precarity. Through stories from housing struggles in Brussels, this article maps what we term a “displaced housing ecosystem” through the geographies and alliances that emerge along the trajectory after the eviction of Palais des Droits. Here, migrants and non-migrants come together and employ various tools, ranging from (political) occupations of vacant buildings to inventive ad hoc partnerships with state and non-state actors towards the provision of housing and other hospitality infrastructures. Building on Lancione’s notion of “weird exoskeletons,” the article aims to map such constellations. By focusing on infrastructural objects that reflect the emerging non-conventional alliances to respond to displacement, narrating the solidarities as well as antagonisms within them, the article sheds light on displaced housing governances from below. The purpose is to highlight the diverse and hybrid forms of actions, actors, and coalitions constituting an ecosystem for housing displaced migrants, shortly “displaced housing,” in relation to and beyond formal reception and housing systems.
THE IMPORTANCE OF A COMPANY'S CREDIT RATING FOR TRANSFER PRICING IN INTRA-GROUP FINANCING
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Severyna I. V. , Strizhko I.S. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2024

The article examines the issue of intra-group financing within the activities of multinational corporations, particularly focusing on the provision of financial services between affiliated entities. The essence of credit rating and its impact on intra-group financing are defined. The features of consulting services related to transfer pricing in financial operations are analyzed. It is noted that the use of complex financial instruments in intra-group financing can lead to ambiguous interpretations of tax obligations, creating additional risks for companies. The importance of transfer pricing is substantiated to reflect the true value of goods and services and avoid the risk of reducing the tax base. Special attention is given to the need for consulting support on transfer pricing, which is crucial for mitigating tax risks. The impact of a company’s credit rating on the cost of credit is explored, along with the importance of aligning intra-group transactions with international standards, particularly through the application of the "arm's length" principle to determine the taxable profit of a taxpayer involved in a controlled transaction. The article highlights Ukraine's steps to implement the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) Action Plan, focusing on measures to prevent tax base erosion and profit shifting. The analysis identifies key actions undertaken by Ukraine to introduce international tax control standards for all participants. Measures under the BEPS plan are reviewed, including improvements to interest expense limitations on financial operations, prevention of treaty benefits under inappropriate circumstances, enhancement of permanent establishment taxation rules, better transfer pricing controls, introduction of country-by-country reporting, increased dispute resolution mechanisms, prevention of abuse of double tax treaties, and improved transfer pricing enforcement. Ukraine continues to improve its legislation, particularly regarding the automatic exchange of tax information with other countries.
INFORMATION SUPPORT FOR THE QUALITY OF THE SDG INDICATORS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Sereda Valentina , Trubnik Tetiana ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes the quality of (statistical) information support for monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and assesses the quality of their indicators. The author identifies the elements of the SDG data and its statistics, mainly indicators, data sources, data quality, disaggregation, exchange, monitoring and reporting. The Global edition of the Sustainable Development Report is considered, which allows to assess progress in achieving the SDGs, to analyze the positioning of countries in terms of the overall productivity rating and spillover score. The possibilities of an interactive dashboard to visualize the effectiveness of countries for each goal to determine further priorities are revealed. The author substantiates the interpretation of trends in the SDG indicators by the effectiveness of their achievement in accordance with the growth rate, the status of achieving the target values and the direction of dynamics. In order to assess the quality of the SDG data, the author compares the reports prepared by the Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN), the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the European Commission's statistical organization (Eurostat). It is found that the use of different methodologies and a set of indicators leads to different assessments of progress in implementing the SDGs, distortion of the results leading to unreasonable management decisions at the global, regional and national levels. Particular attention is paid to data gaps, blind spots in the dashboard, which lead to problems in adequately assessing the progress of countries in achieving the 2030 Agenda and sustainable development policies. It is proved that in the context of Ukraine's integration with the EU, it is important to develop and implement a national system of SDG targets and indicators. It is stated that this will be facilitated by the implementation of a UN project to compensate for the gap in international statistics, taking into account the serious consequences of the war in Ukraine on the SDGs. It is noted that the practice of disclosing business indicators of sustainable development and impact through open reporting is becoming a source of effective data collection, analysis, and exchange. The results of the study provide practical recommendations for improving statistical support to improve SDG monitoring through the use of unofficial data and alternative sources to fill in blind spots and information gaps.
Chromatographic Determination of Triticonazole in Oat Samples by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ultraviolet Detection (HPLC-UV)
Authors: Koçoğlu Elif Seda
Published: December 2024

The chemical burden on ecosystems has been increased day by day because of the growing activities of agricultural sector. The chemicals that are used to protect plants and humans from different diseases in agricultural lands are known as pesticides. On the other hand, these chemicals can be caused a wide range of side effects on health and environment. The proposed study aimed to determine triticonazole belonging to the fungicide class by high pressure liquid chromatography equipped with ultraviolet detection system (HPLC-UV). Hence, suitable chromatographic conditions were applied to detect triticonazole at a certain retention time. 5 different validation parameters including limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), percent relative standard deviation (RSD%), linear range (LR) and coefficient of linear regression (R2) were investigated. A comprehensive validation of the developed method was achieved by all these values. The selectivity of the method for the analyte was ensured by selecting the wavelength of maximum absorption (263 nm), which is peculiar to the analyte. Very low LOD/LOQ values of presented method were recorded as 0.87 and 2.90 µg kg-1 under the proposed conditions, respectively. Triticonazole was extracted from oat samples by using acetonitrile and the presence of the triticonazole was investigated by analytical measurements. No detectable analytical signal was obtained for triticonazole in the samples at the retention time interval. The accuracy and applicability of the developed method to the real samples was verified with recovery experiments and this yielded satisfactory percent recoveries. Matrix matching calibration strategy was used to improve quantification accuracy for triticonazole. The results were obtained in the range of 92.9 - 101.4 % for different spiked concentrations of samples within linear range.