bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidence and predictors of mismatch after mechanical mitral valve replacement
Authors: El Midany Ashraf AH , Mostafa Ezzeldin A , Hikal Tamer , Elbarbary Mostafa G , Doghish Ayman , Khorshid Ramy , Abdelgawad Basem M , Sharaa Mohamed , El-Sokkary Ismail N , Hossiny Mohamed El , Abdelmoaty Haytham , Elkhonezy Bahaa A
Published: August 2019

Background

Patient-prosthesis mismatch after mitral valve replacement has an unfavorable postoperative hemodynamic outcome, which underlines the importance of identifying and preventing prosthesis- and patient-related risk factors. This study was conducted to determine the incidence and identify possible predictors of patient-prosthesis mismatch.

Methods

A prospective study was conducted on 715 patients with a mean age of 42 ± 11 years who underwent mechanical mitral valve replacement between 2013 and 2017. The effective orifice area of the prostheses was estimated by the continuity equation, and a mismatch was defined as an effective orifice area index ≤1.2 cm2·m−2. The mean clinical and echocardiographic follow-up was 26.74 ± 11.58 months. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of patient-prosthesis mismatch.

Results

Patient-prosthesis mismatch was detected in 382 (53.4%) patients. A small mechanical prosthesis (<27 mm) was inserted in 54.3%. Mortality during follow-up was 9% (65 patients). Patient-prosthesis mismatch was identified in patients with preoperative rheumatic mitral valve pathology, associated tricuspid regurgitation, higher New York Heart Association class, preoperative atrial fibrillation, mitral stenosis, and small preoperative left ventricular dimensions. Multivariate analysis identified mitral stenosis, preoperative atrial fibrillation, and small postoperative left ventricular end-diastolic dimension as risk factors for patient-prosthesis mismatch.

Conclusion

Patient-prosthesis mismatch is a common sequela after mechanical mitral valve replacement. Identification of predictors of patient-prosthesis mismatch can help so that a preoperative strategy can be implemented to avoid its occurrence.
Dialogue with John Dunn on Korean Denuclearization
Authors: Han Sang-Jin
Published: August 2019

This dialogue addresses the global risk that broke out of the North Korean development of nuclear weapons and missiles. It starts from the brutal consequences of the national division for Korea and asks why North Korea has been so preoccupied with nuclear projects as has been found to be the case since the 1990s, and how much and why Kim Jung-un today differs from his father in terms of his future, and where the fundamental limit lies in Moon Jae-In’s as well as Trump’s approaches to Korean denuclearization and peace. The highlight of this dialogue is to explain the intrinsic difficulties for Donald Trump and Kim Jung-un in finding a reasonable solution to their respective demands for denuclearization and regime security, and explore the likely future of the Korean Peninsula from the vantage point of Kim Dae-jung’s Sunshine Policy and metamorphosis.
A nice surprise: Sacrifice expectations and partner appreciation in romantic relationships
Authors: Zoppolat Giulia , Visserman Mariko L. , Righetti Francesca
Published: August 2019

Romantic partners regularly encounter conflicts of interests and sacrifice their self-interest for their partner or the relationship. But is this relationship maintenance behavior always appreciated by the partner receiving the sacrifice? We examined whether expectations of sacrifices (i.e., beliefs that sacrifices are necessary, normal, and expected in relationships) predict people’s appreciation for their partner and, ultimately, their relationship satisfaction. Utilizing a daily experience procedure among romantic couples in the Netherlands ( N = 253 individuals), we found that when participants perceived a partner’s sacrifice, they experienced greater partner appreciation (i.e., gratitude and respect) and, in turn, felt more satisfied with their relationship when their sacrifice expectations were low, rather than high. In contrast, perceiving a partner’s sacrifice had no effect on appreciation and relationship satisfaction when the sacrifice recipient held strong sacrifice expectations. These findings illustrate the power that expectations have in influencing the receiver’s appreciation of their partner’s pro-social behavior.
Cluster initiative management: A potential for African women entrepreneurs in the informal sector
Authors: Okeke-Uzodike Obianuju E , Subban Mogie
Published: August 2019

The paper examines the role cluster initiative management can play for women entrepreneurs in small medium enterprises in the South African informal sector economy as forms of employment. It looks inter-relationally into aspects that heighten awareness and significance of entrepreneurial development of women. The concept of cluster initiative management at local, national, regional and global levels in relation to rural women in the informal economy is of note. The paper contextualizes the cluster notion as an important approach especially for small and medium-sized enterprises to survive and compete successfully in changing business environments while identifying key issues for due consideration. The notion of clustering has evolved over time and four domains of women’s economic empowerment are put forward. Methodology in the paper follows an exploratory study premised on reviewing existing literature through dimensions of cluster initiative management and its relevance in women entrepreneurial development. Findings of the study provide insights and recommendations into the provision of a favourable environment for cluster initiatives to flourish and draws attention of key policy-makers in decision-making that supports sustainability of women entrepreneurs towards self-employment in informal sectors of the economy.
Inclusive institutions and local economic evolution: Perspectives from Guayaquil and Quito
Authors: Freire-Gibb L Carlos , Tapia Carrillo Luis
Published: August 2019

Urbanization is often related to better economic and living standards and, according to the United Nations, by the mid-21st century, 70% of humankind will live in urban areas. Currently, roughly 80% of the populations in North and South America are urbanized, compared to the global average of 55%. Meanwhile, inequality has also been increasing swiftly, and Latin America is among the most unequal regions in the world. With global urbanization and inequality trends rising, examining the urban areas of a Latin American country could shed light on potential evolution paths. Hence, this article outlines the social and economic evolution of Guayaquil and Quito, the two primary cities of Ecuador. In the 20th century, Guayaquil had economic and demographic advantages; however, Quito has since surpassed Guayaquil on several social, demographic and economic indicators. This article suggests that Guayaquil’s relative stagnation is due to an institutional framework favouring the economic and political elites and supports the argument that inclusive local processes and governance (or the lack thereof) can support (or hinder) local economic development.
Altered effective connectivity of primary visual cortex in primary angle closure glaucoma using Granger causality analysis
Authors: Jiang Fei , Fang Jian-Wen , Ye Yin-Quan , Tian Yan-Jin , Zeng Xian-Jun , Zhong Yu-Lin
Published: August 2019

Background

Previous neuroimaging studies demonstrated that primary angle closure glaucoma patients were associated with abnormal intrinsic brain activity in primary visual cortex (V1).

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effective connectivity patterns of V1 in patients with primary angle closure glaucoma.

Material and Methods

Thirty-seven patients with primary angle closure glaucoma (20 men, 17 women) and 36 healthy controls (20 men, 16 women) closely matched for age, sex, and education, underwent resting-state MRI scans. A voxel-wise Granger causality analysis method was performed to explore different effective connectivity pattern of V1 between the two groups.

Results

Compared with healthy controls, patients with primary angle closure glaucoma showed decreased effective connectivity from the left V1 to left cuneus and increased effective connectivity from the left V1 to left precentral gyrus and right supplementary motor area. Meanwhile, patients with primary angle closure glaucoma showed decreased effective connectivity from left precentral gyrus to left V1 and right frontal middle gyrus to left V1. In addition, patients with primary angle closure glaucoma showed a decreased effective connectivity from the right V1 to left cuneus/calcarine and increased effective connectivity from the right V1 to left inferior frontal gyrus and right caudate. Meanwhile, patients with primary angle closure glaucoma showed decreased effective connectivity from right middle frontal gyrus/precentral gyrus to right V1 and left precentral gyrus to right V1.

Conclusion

Our results highlighted that patients with primary angle closure glaucoma had abnormal effective connectivity between V1 and higher visual area, motor cortices, somatosensory cortices, and frontal lobe, which indicated that they might present with abnormal top-down modulations, visual imagery, vision-motor function, and vision-related higher cognition function.
Comparison of Friction in Sliding Mechanics Using Different Ligation Methods on Ceramic Bracket with Metal Slot and Epoxy Resin-Coated Stainless Steel Esthetic Wire: An in Vitro Study
Authors: Desai Hina , Gandhi Fenil Manishkumar , Patel Kalpesh , Agrawal Sarvesh
Published: August 2019

Introduction: The friction generated during orthodontic treatment seems of concern in terms of anchorage and treatment duration. Different ligation methods have been developed to reduce the friction as compared with regular elastic modules. This study aimed to evaluate and to compare static and kinetic friction generated in ceramic brackets with metal slot and epoxy resin-coated stainless steel esthetic wire by using different ligation materials in wet condition (artificial saliva).

Materials and Methods: A total of 40 epoxy-coated stainless steel wires and metal slot ceramic brackets were divided into 4 groups of 10 each and ligated using 4 different methods as follows: (1) super slick elastic modules, (2) slide elastic modules, (3) Teflon-coated esthetic stainless steel wire, and (4) regular elastic modules. They were then immersed in artificial saliva for 1 hour before testing their static and kinetic friction using a universal testing machine.

Results: The intergroup comparison showed statistically significant differences for static and kinetic friction among all the 4 groups, where group 2 (slide modules) showed the least static as well as kinetic friction as compared with the other 3 groups.

Conclusions: (1) Slide modules produced the least amount of friction compared with all other methods of ligation when epoxy resin-coated stainless steel archwire was used in ceramic bracket with 0.22˝ metal slot in wet condition. (2) Super slick modules produced the least friction in comparison with regular elastomeric and Teflon-coated ligature groups but produced greater friction than slide modules. (3) Teflon-coated stainless steel ligature produced the highest friction; however, it was not statistically significant when compared with the conventional elastic ligature. (4) In all clinical situations during the retraction stage, a large amount of friction is created in the buccal segment; hence, it is advisable to use slide modules in the buccal segment to reduce static and kinetic friction.
Evaluation and Comparison of Two Different Mouthwashes on Frictional Resistance Between Orthodontic Bracket and Archwire: An in Vitro Study
Authors: Choudhary Jayanti , Shashikumar B , Patil Anand K
Published: August 2019

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of tea tree oil (TTO) mouthwash and chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash on frictional resistance.

Settings and Design: In vitro.

Materials and Methods: In total, 60 extracted premolars were mounted on a custom-made acrylic fixture. These 60 premolars were randomly divided into 3 groups of 20 each, on which 0.022″ × 0.028″ slot MBT stainless steel brackets were bonded and 0.019″ × 0.025″ rectangular stainless steel wire was ligated with an elastomeric module. The 3 groups included a control group where the samples were immersed in artificial saliva and 2 experimental groups immersed in 0.2% CHX and TTO mouthwash, respectively, for 1.5 hours. Postimmersion static frictional resistance was evaluated on a universal testing machine at crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min.

Statistical Analysis Used: Tukey’s post hoc procedure.

Results: This study showed a statistically significant difference in the frictional resistance between saliva and CHX groups and CHX and TTO groups ( P < .05). No statistically significant difference was observed between saliva and TTO groups ( P > .05). The frictional resistance was more in the CHX mouthwash group than in the TTO mouthwash group.

Conclusions: Frictional resistance was lesser in the TTO mouthwash than in the CHX mouthwash. Based on this result, TTO mouthwash can be used instead of CHX mouthwash as an oral hygiene aid in patients with orthodontic treatments.
Three-Dimensional Simulation of Root Position Through a Combined Technique Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and a Digital Model
Authors: Likitmongkolsakul Udomsak , Aksornmuang Juthatip , Smithmaitrie Pruittikorn , Samruajbenjakun Bancha
Published: August 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a method to simulate root position in the patient and to evaluate the accuracy of all procedures.

Materials and Methods: In Part I, the accuracy of a tooth model generated using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was evaluated. Mesiodistal width was measured and compared between digital models and actual teeth. In Part II, the accuracy of simulated root positions generated in the scanned model was evaluated. Simulated root models were superimposed on the scanned dental model using the best fit method. The distances between the reference wire and the tooth were compared. In Part III, the simulated method was used with real orthodontic patients. The distances between the mini-implant and the tooth were compared.

Results: Part I: The range of the differences was −0.106 to 0.152 mm. Part II: The range of the differences between the distance of the constructed tooth model and the simulated model was −0.065 to 0.256 mm. Part III: The range of the differences between the distance of the constructed tooth model and the simulated model was −0.089 to 0.135 mm. This technique provided high accuracy, with an average error of only 0.054 mm.

Conclusion: High accuracy of the constructed model was achieved. Simulation of root position in a patient can be accomplished by combining data from CBCT and the digital model. This technique might be used effectively in orthodontic treatment.
Comparison of Shear Bond Strength of Different Wire-Composite Combinations for Lingual Retention: An in Vitro Study
Authors: Singh Ananta , Kapoor Sudhir , Mehrotra Praveen , Bhagchandani Jitendra , Agarwal Sonahita
Published: August 2019

Context: As lingual bonded retainers are required for long-term retention in the oral cavity, the wire-composite combination of choice may be the determining factor for the success of lingual bonded retainers.

Aim: We compared the shear bond strength of different wire-composite combinations used for lingual bonded retainers and identified the combination of choice for lingual retention in terms of the shear bond strength.

Materials and Methods: A total of 108 extracted human maxillary premolars in pairs were divided into 6 groups of 9 samples each. Three different types of retainer wires (namely, Respond [Ormco Corp., Orange, CA, USA], Leone Ligature Wire [Leone S.p.a., Firenze, Italy], and SRW™ Stranded Retention Wire [Ortho Classic Inc., USA]) were bonded to the teeth with the composites (G-aenial™ Universal Flo and Tetric N-Flow). The shear bond strength was measured on debonding using universal testing machine INSTRON.

Results: The maximum shear bond strength (58.28 N) was observed in group IV (Respond wire with Tetric N-Flow), whereas the minimum (25.28 N) was observed in group VI (SRW™ Stranded Retention Wire with Tetric N-Flow). A highly significant difference was observed when the shear bond strength of group IV was compared with all the other groups.

Conclusions: The maximum shear bond strength was observed in the wire-composite combination of Respond dead-soft wire with Tetric N-Flow composite. Therefore, it could be the wire-composite combination of choice for bonded lingual retainer.
The cult of Esther: Temple and priestly imagery in the book of Esther
Authors: Rogland Max
Published: August 2019

The MT of Esther studiously avoids mentioning God as well as any devotional practices such as prayer that would point to a deity. While this initial impression of ‘secularity’ has been frequently discussed, this article seeks to demonstrate that there are more traces of divine presence in the book than have typically been acknowledged. Specifically, it argues that the MT of Esther employs terminology that carries distinctive associations with the OT cult. That is, the book contains a number of verbal cues that evoke the Temple’s furnishings, functionaries, structure, and rituals. This article presents a number of examples of cultic imagery in Megillat Esther and suggests some ways in which their presence affects the interpretation of the book.
The artist’s debt: Arent de Gelder and Rembrandt
Authors: Hadjinicolaou Yannis
Published: August 2019

This paper explores a case of artistic debt towards the end of the 17th century in the Netherlands and more particularly in the city of Dordrecht. Arent de Gelder, Rembrandt’s allegedly most faithful pupil, continued to pursue the – by this time – unfashionable manner of his teacher. Shortly before, Rembrandt had to face a heavy artistic and financial crisis. De Gelder’s debt was not only that of a mere pupil. His own social and financial independence fully allowed him to explore and experiment with the Rembrandtian manner, even in more radical ways than Rembrandt himself. In Dordrecht, De Gelder moved in a social milieu that still cherished the Rembrandtian manner. Former Rembrandt pupils, many of whom came from Dordrecht, had already successfully chosen other artistic paths, as the new taste of the Dutch elite evolved in favor of a grander, more ‘aristocratic’ habitus and hence manner, that greatly differed from Rembrandt’s. This article focuses on this both creative and contradictory nature of artistic debt.
Effect of fiber prestressing on mechanical properties of glass fiber epoxy composites manufactured by vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding
Authors: Mohamed Mahmoud , Selim Mohamed M , Ning Haibin , Pillay Selvum
Published: August 2019

The mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced polymer composites depend on several aspects such as the characteristics of constituents, fiber volume fraction, and manufacturing techniques. Fiber prestressing is considered a very attractive manufacturing technique that can be used to produce fiber-reinforced polymer composites with high mechanical properties. This technique has the potential to eliminate or reduce some manufacturing problems like fiber waviness. In the present study, a new approach was used to prepare prestressed fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Unidirectional E-glass fiber-stitched mats were impregnated with epoxy matrix through vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding process. Once the infusion was done, a pre-calculated tensile force was applied to the fiber mats through a hydraulic tensile machine. The impregnated fiber mats were left under tension and vacuum during curing of the epoxy matrix (24 h). Five prestressed samples were prepared by using five different prestressing levels 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 MPa. In addition, non-prestressed (control) sample was prepared for the purpose of comparison. The influence of fiber prestressing on fiber waviness, fiber volume fraction, and void content was investigated. Flexural, tensile, and compression tests were performed to observe the effect of fiber prestressing on the mechanical properties. The results have shown the success of this new approach in producing prestressed fiber-reinforced polymer composites with high mechanical properties comparing to non-prestressed composites. The microstructure analysis has shown dramatical reduction in fiber waviness for the prestressed samples over control sample. All prestressed samples have shown higher fiber volume fraction and lower void content comparing to the control sample. Also the results have shown as the prestressing level increases, fiber volume fraction increase and void content decreases. Prestressing levels of 40 and 60 MPa were found to be the best candidates, they have led to an increase in tensile strength, compressive strength, and flexural strength by 24.2%, 72.5%, 28% and 28.6%, 100.4%, 26.1%, respectively, comparing to the non-prestressed sample. Ease of implementation and promising results of this new approach would attract the attention toward it. Automotive industry is one potential nominee to apply this approach during manufacturing of fiber-reinforced polymer leaf spring.
Autokinase Activity of Casein Kinase 1 δ/ε Governs the Period of Mammalian Circadian Rhythms
Authors: Guo Gaili , Wang Kankan , Hu Shan-Shan , Tian Tian , Liu Peng , Mori Tetsuya , Chen Peng , Johnson Carl Hirschie , Qin Ximing
Published: August 2019

Circadian rhythms exist in nearly all organisms. In mammals, transcriptional and translational feedback loops (TTFLs) are believed to underlie the mechanism of the circadian clock. Casein kinase 1δ/ε (CK1δ/ε) are key kinases that phosphorylate clock components such as PER proteins, determining the pace of the clock. Most previous studies of the biochemical properties of the key kinases CK1ε and CK1δ in vitro have focused on the properties of the catalytic domains from which the autoinhibitory C-terminus has been deleted (ΔC); those studies ignored the significance of self-inhibition by autophosphorylation. By comparing the properties of the catalytic domain of CK1δ/ε with the full-length kinase that can undergo autoinhibition, we found that recombinant full-length CK1 showed a sequential autophosphorylation process that induces conformational changes to affect the overall kinase activity. Furthermore, a direct relationship between the period change and the autokinase activity among CK1δ, CK1ε, and CK1ε-R178C was observed. These data implicate the autophosphorylation activity of CK1δ and CK1ε kinases in setting the pace of mammalian circadian rhythms and indicate that the circadian period can be modulated by tuning the autophosphorylation rates of CK1δ/ε.
Ignition and flame spread over thermal aging electrical wires in subatmospheric pressure
Authors: Zhang Yue , Fang Jun , Wang Jingwu , Zhao Luyao , Zhang Yongming
Published: August 2019

Thermal aging affects polymer ignition and flame spread process by changing the polymer kinetic parameters. Polyethylene (PE) with 0.15 mm thickness insulated by copper core of 0.5 mm diameter was used in this experiment. The PE was preheated under different temperature and heating time. Wires which have experienced thermal aging at 130°C for 30 and 200 h display higher crystallinity and pyrolysis temperature. However, the crystallinity and pyrolysis temperature decrease of wires, which experienced thermal aging at 150°C for 30 and 200 h by the results of thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry tests. The ignition experiment results highlight the ignition delay exhibiting “U” type with pressure. Chemical kinetics controls the ignition delay in lower pressure region, and the heat transfer controls the ignition delay in higher pressure region. The region controlled by chemical kinetics is larger for the wire with higher crystallinity and pyrolysis temperature. The flame spread experiment results show that the flame area relays more on flame length for the wires with lower crystallinity and pyrolysis temperatures, while wires with greater crystallinity and higher pyrolysis temperature depend more on flame height.
Gender Differences in Critical Digital Political Engagement in China: The Consequences for Protest Attitudes
Authors: Wagner Kevin M. , Gainous Jason , Abbott Jason P.
Published: August 2019

We use original survey data from China to examine gender differences in exposure to, and the exchange of, information critical of their respective governments via the Internet and social media. Existing research suggests that men, generally, tend to be more politically engaged than women. We set out to test whether this extended to dissident political engagement in the Chinese context, and if it translated into variation in support for protest across gender, and across political context. Compared to other Asian nations, China has relatively high gender equality. Yet, due to the social, cultural, and political structures in China, we expect that women will be less active online, less likely to consume critical media, and less likely to engage in political dissidence than their male counterparts. We did find that men were more likely to be critically digitally engaged in China. However, we found that while critical digital engagement was positively related to support for protest, this effect was actually stronger for women in China. We offer some speculation regarding these counterintuitive results.
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Effect on Serum Uric Acid—A Class Effect?
Authors: Sutton Burke Elizabeth M. , Kelly Tessa C. , Shoales Lindsey A. , Nagel Angela K.
Published: August 2019

Purpose:

To provide a comprehensive review to determine whether there is a class effect among angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in relation to serum uric acid.

A literature search was conducted and 8 articles were identified for inclusion in this review. In the studies reviewed, candesartan and valsartan were shown to have either a neutral or negative effect on serum uric acid. Azilsartan was shown to have a negative impact on serum uric acid while eprosartan appeared to have no impact on serum uric acid levels. Irbesartan demonstrated either a neutral or positive effect on serum uric acid while losartan exhibited a positive effect.

Conclusion:

The available data indicate that the reduction of serum uric acid is not a class effect of ARBs. Of the available agents, only losartan has clear evidence of its ability to lower serum uric acid. For patients with high blood pressure and elevated serum uric acid, losartan should be considered as a first-line agent with irbesartan as an alternative when appropriate.
Pharmacists’ Perspectives on Prescribing and Expanding Access to Hormonal Contraception in Pharmacies in the United States
Authors: Rafie Sally , Cieri-Hutcherson Nicole E. , Frame Tracy R. , Griffin Brooke , Harris John Brock , Horlen Cheryl , Shealy Kayce , Stein Amy Buros , Stone Rebecca H. , Vest Kathleen , Westberg Sarah , Yancey Abigail M.
Published: August 2019

Introduction:

Pharmacist prescribing of contraception is becoming increasingly available in selected states. The objective of this study was to assess US community pharmacists’ perspectives on expanding access, barriers, and facilitators since states have begun pharmacist scope of practice expansions for prescribing contraception.

Methods:

A survey study of US community pharmacists’ support for expanded access models, pharmacist prescribing practices and interest, and importance of safety, cost, and professional practice issues for prescribing was conducted.

Results:

Pharmacists are generally supportive of pharmacist prescribing and behind-the-counter models for hormonal contraception and generally opposed to over-the-counter access. A majority (65%) are interested in prescribing hormonal contraception. The top motivation for prescribing contraception is enjoying individual patient contact (94%). Safety concerns (eg, patients not obtaining health screenings) remained most important for pharmacist implementation, followed by cost (eg, lack of payment or reimbursement for pharmacists’ services), and professional practice (eg, pharmacist time constraints and liability) issues.

Conclusion:

This study provides an updated understanding of attitudes toward models of expanded access to hormonal contraception, interest in prescribing, and barriers and facilitators to this service among community pharmacists. Many barriers such as time and reimbursement remain unchanged. This information can inform policy and implementation efforts.
International Volunteerism and Capacity Development in Nonprofit Organizations of the Global South
Authors: Schech Susanne , Skelton Tracey , Mundkur Anuradha , Kothari Uma
Published: August 2019

Although international volunteerism has been a part of official development assistance for decades, the capacity development (CD) impacts of such programs in nonprofit organizations (NPOs) in the Global South have received scant attention. This article provides insights into the ways international volunteerism contributes to endogenous CD processes by analyzing survey and interview data collected from Australian volunteers and their host organizations in four countries. It shows that volunteers’ contributions can be usefully examined through the lens of Baser and Morgan’s framework of five core capabilities: to carry out tasks, to relate and attract support, to adapt and renew, to balance diversity and coherence, and to commit and engage. Although the voluntary nature of the relationship between host organization and volunteer can make CD impacts less predictable and controllable, it also affords time to explore and negotiate what contributions are most useful to an organization within a specific context.
Going beyond Faith: Kierkegaard’s Critical Contribution to Public Theology
Authors: Furnal Joshua
Published: August 2019

In this article, I argue that Kierkegaard’s distinction between a genius and an apostle sheds light on the role of public theology in society. For Kierkegaard, the act and content of faith are rooted in testimonial knowledge which can be shared, and yet also bear witness to divine authority in word and deed. In the first section, I suggest that the contemporary conflict of approaches in public theology is rooted in a basic question in theology regarding the primacy of faith or reason when justifying a concrete, non-theological definition of the common good. In the second section, I rehearse Kierkegaard’s famous distinction between a genius and an apostle to draw attention to how the role of the public theologian in society is regulated by the theological negotiation of faith and reason for the common good in the form of testimony. The upshot of my argument is to uncover the unjustified neglect of the rich resources in Kierkegaard’s writings for current debates about public theology.
A finite-time H-infinite adaptive fault-tolerant controller considering time delay for flutter suppression of airfoil flutter
Authors: Ming-Zhou Gao , Xin-Yi Chen , Rong Han , Jian-Yong Yao
Published: August 2019

To suppress airfoil flutter, a lot of control methods have been proposed, such as classical control methods and optimal control methods. However, these methods did not consider the influence of actuator faults and control delay. This paper proposes a new finite-time H∞ adaptive fault-tolerant flutter controller by radial basis function neural network technology and adaptive fault-tolerant control method, taking into account actuator faults, control delay, modeling uncertainties, and external disturbances. The theoretic section of this paper is about airfoil flutter dynamic modeling and adaptive fault-tolerant controller design. Lyapunov function and linear matrix inequality are employed to prove the stability of the proposed control method of this paper. The numeral simulation section further proves the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control algorithm of this paper.
Relational Scaffolding Enhances Children’s Understanding of Scientific Models
Authors: Jee Benjamin D. , Anggoro Florencia K.
Published: August 2019

Models are central to the practice and teaching of science. Yet people often fail to grasp how scientific models explain their observations of the world. Realizing the explanatory power of a model may require aligning its relational structure to that of the observable phenomena. In the present study, we tested whether relational scaffolding—guided comparisons between observable and modeled events—enhances children’s understanding of scientific models. We tested relational scaffolding during instruction of third graders about the day/night cycle, a topic that involves relating Earth-based observations to a space-based model of Earth’s rotation. Experiment 1 found that participants ( N = 108) learned more from instruction that incorporated relational scaffolding. Experiment 2 ( N = 99) found that guided comparison—not merely viewing observable and modeled events—is a critical component of relational scaffolding, especially for children with low initial knowledge. Relational scaffolding could be applied broadly to assist the many students who struggle with science.
Humane treatment versus means of control: coercive measures in Norwegian high-security psychiatry, 1895–1978
Authors: Rabben Magne Brekke , Thomassen Øyvind
Published: August 2019

This article analyses the use of coercive measures in two national institutions for high-security psychiatry in Norway – Kriminalasylet (Criminal Asylum) and Reitgjerdet – during the period 1895–1978. Historical study of coercion in psychiatry is a fruitful approach to new insight into the moral and ethical considerations within the institutions. We approach the topic through a qualitative study of patient case files and ward reports from the institutions’ archives, as well as a comprehensive quantification of the coercive measures used. The data show shifting considerations of humane treatment and changes in the respect for human dignity in the institutions’ practices. They also show that technological developments, such as the introduction of new psychopharmaceuticals, did not necessarily lead to higher standards of treatment.
Investigation of radial turbines for wind energy harvesting
Authors: Gürbüz M Tayyip , İlhan Menal , Acarer Sercan , Karadeniz Z Haktan
Published: August 2019

Wind energy has been a research focus of the last few decades, promoting the topic to a much more matured level. However, the body of literature is built around a limited number of turbine types and it is still beneficial to increase turbine diversity for the opportunity to select optimal turbine for a given purpose. The radial (inflow) turbines known in gas and hydro turbine industries for pressurized pipe flows are undiscovered turbines for free-stream wind harvesting both in air and underwater. In such case, the wind tangentially interacts with each blade by an external casing; therefore, all blade angular positions may, at least in theory, contribute equally to power production. Enclosed compact architecture with low rotational speeds and narrow intake ports may possess advantages in enabling the use of much weaker but more recyclable and long-lasting blades and in applications such as integrated wind harvesting for blunt bodies like buildings, vessels and devices or for any application where an open rotor is not feasible. Using experimentally validated Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations, mass swallowing capacities and corresponding efficiencies of such turbines are parametrically investigated at low Reynolds numbers, Re chord=11 × 103, and finally enhancement is shown in 88 × 103. Findings provide first insights into such turbines. Considering the investigated very low Reynolds numbers and three-dimensional effects, comparable performance with other small turbines are observed. Moreover, undiscovered potential for performance optimization persists.
CO2 emissions converge in China and G7 countries? Further evidence from Fourier quantile unit root test
Authors: Ye Cuihong , Chen Yiguo , Inglesi-Lotz Roula , Chang Tsangyao
Published: August 2019

G7 countries and China are considered not only the biggest energy producers globally but also the largest CO2 emission groups of countries among the world. In this study, we apply the Fourier quantile unit root test to investigate whether CO2 emissions converge in China and G7 countries using per capita CO2 emissions data over 1950–2013. While traditional unit root test results indicate that per capita CO2 emissions do not converge among these G7 countries and China, empirical results from the Fourier quantile unit root test point out that the CO2 emissions did converge in Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom. Although the results of this study do not find strong CO2 emission convergence in the other five countries (i.e., Canada, France, Japan, the United States, and China), the CO2 emissions did converge in certain quantiles for these five countries. Our empirical results have important policy implications for the governments of G7 countries and China to implement the effective energy policy to reduce the CO2 emissions.
Protest and the experience of time: Action as synchronizing temporalities
Authors: Jaster Daniel
Published: August 2019

This paper utilizes American pragmatism and phenomenology to illustrate that scholars must engage with both memories of the past and hopes for the future if we want to know how either influences activists’ actions in the present. A synthesis of these theoretical approaches highlights how, in the real experience of time, the past, present, and future are in constant flux and affect one another, shaping both our valuations of a moment and the actions we take. The Populist movement in the late 19th century USA illustrates how scholars should try to incorporate analyses of memories, contemporary context, and desired futures to fully understand the experiences and decisions of protesters. Engaging with time, both with the real experience of those we study and also how it affects our analyses, improves our understandings of social phenomena. By focusing on how actors attempt to synchronize disparate temporalities, we gain a clearer understanding both of the heterogeneity that composes a movement and what makes them unified into a singular social phenomenon.
Gender Bias and the Sex Trafficking Interventions in the Eastern Border of India–Nepal
Authors: Chetry Pooja , Pande Rekha
Published: August 2019

The present article looks at gender bias and sex trafficking interventions in the eastern border of India–Nepal. It attempts to understand the socio-economic conditions and other influencing factors that circumscribe a woman’s migration. It documents the interventions by anti-trafficking networks and explores the experience of intercepted women. It attempts to show how interception methods as techniques of intervention to combat trafficking in persons are gender biased. Interception, as a primary method of intervention, is used by anti-trafficking organisations to prevent the occurrence of human trafficking cases in its origin/source country. On suspicion, a woman or a girl crossing the border alone or in all-female groups is stopped and intercepted by the anti-trafficking activists on the ground of her being a potential victim of sex trafficking. Such interception generally takes place within 3 km radius of the border of Panitanki, India, to Kakarbitta, Nepal in order to prevent the unsafe and illegal migration of girls/women. The cross-questioning method is used to extract information and validation about her identity and travel. This article, therefore, examines interception methods as techniques of intervention to combat trafficking in persons. It shows how this intervention method in certain aspect is patriarchal in its form. It reinforces the patriarchal belief of women’s vulnerability in the absence of male authority leading to discreet dangers.
Board Quality and Earnings Management: Evidence from India
Authors: Chatterjee Chanchal
Published: August 2019

This article examines whether board qualities influence the earnings management behaviour of firms in a large emerging market set-up by using panel data of 783 Indian private manufacturing firms over a period of 7 years (April 2009–March 2016). The study finds that it is board quality that helps in curbing earnings manipulation and not just board independence. Results reveal that diligent and busy boards help in reducing earnings management, CEO duality affects the quality of reported earnings and promoters’ influence on boards increases earnings management. Domestic or foreign institutional investors do not have any independent impact on earnings management. However, domestic institutional ownership reduces earnings management when promoters’ influence exists. The article contributes to the literature by focusing on whether corporate governance (CG) mechanisms are important in curbing earnings management in an emerging market context. The findings are expected to be helpful to policymakers and regulators while framing appropriate CG policies and regulations.
City Profile: Panzhihua, China
Authors: Qin Bo , Yang Jian
Published: August 2019

Located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in Sichuan Province of southwest China, Panzhihua, a prefectural-level city, was the first Special Zone selected for resource development in China after 1949. This Special Zone city has been developed based on its rich mineral resources. After more than 60 years of struggle, Panzhihua has been transformed from an industrial city dominated by mineral resource–related industries into a diversified economy. This article traces the historical development of Panzhihua and examines how various versions of urban planning have been employed as effective tools to reshape the city’s built environment to promote economic growth. It also discusses the latest efforts undertaken by the City Government of Panzhihua for industrial transformation and economic growth against the background of global economic recession and local resource exhaustion. The lessons and experiences learnt from the case of Panzhihua city serve as lessons for other resource-reliant cities trapped in the middle of urban transition towards sustainable development.
Railway systems and the ‘Universal Good of the State’: Technologies of government in the nineteenth-century Papal State
Authors: Antonelli Valerio , Bigoni Michele , Cafaro Emanuela Mattia , D’Alessio Raffaele
Published: August 2019

Informed by Foucault’s concept of governmentality, the article focuses on the nineteenth-century General Commissariat for the Railroad Industry in the Papal State. Unlike in liberal States, where government intervention in the affairs of railway companies was limited, the pressing need to reinforce the Pope’s pastoral power, strengthen the bond between the believers and the Holy See and ensure equity and the efficiency of the new infrastructure meant that the Commissariat acted as a governmental centre of calculation. Accounting technologies in the form of budgets, cost accounting systems and penetrating audits enabled the government to intervene in the operations of private railway companies. The study analyses the role of accounting and auditing practices in the pursuit of non-liberal goals in an industry which is traditionally perceived as critical to the development of a liberal economy, and when accounting was traditionally used to maintain investors’ confidence in the capitalist system.
Bringing Communication Theory Into the Management Classroom: Rejoinder to “Critical Language and Discourse Awareness in Management Education”
Authors: Brandhorst Jaclyn K.
Published: August 2019

Erika Darics’s recent article “Critical Language and Discourse Awareness in Management Education” called for a more nuanced appreciation of language and communication in the management classroom. In this rejoinder, I share insights from my own background in organizational communication and discuss how I incorporate communication theory into the courses I teach in management and business communication in an effort to help students develop a critical consciousness of the ways in which communication shapes their social realities. In doing so, I also answer Darics’s call for a stronger interdisciplinary relationship between organizational and language/communication scholarship.
Centering Equity and Caring in Leadership for Social-Emotional Learning: Toward a Conceptual Framework for Diverse Learners
Authors: Kennedy Kate
Published: August 2019

School leaders must navigate nonacademic barriers to learning. One type of affective, nonacademic reform is social-emotional learning (SEL), a quickly growing K–12 school initiative. Yet scant empirical literature exists on the actions, interactions, and beliefs of school principals charged with leading SEL reforms. The needs of diverse learners in SEL reforms—and how school leaders might create culturally relevant, gender-aware, queer-friendly SEL programming—are ignored by empirical research. This article seeks to contribute conceptually by exploring two questions: To what extent does current research inform school leadership of SEL implementation for diverse learners? How might school leaders conceptualize the implementation of SEL reforms from a caring, equity-oriented lens? A leadership framework for SEL reforms, rooted in caring and equity, is proposed.
Effect of Early Weightbearing Following Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Unstable Ankle Fractures on Wound Complications or Failures of Fixation
Authors: Pyle Casey , Kim-Orden Michael , Hughes Tyler , Schneiderman Brian , Kay Robert , Harris Thomas
Published: August 2019

Background:

There is a growing trend toward early weightbearing as tolerated (WBAT) after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of ankle fractures. To date, studies have excluded fractures with associated syndesmotic injuries from their cohorts.

Methods:

In this retrospective cohort study, a chart review was performed at a single level 1 trauma center, identifying all unstable ankle fractures that underwent operative fixation between July 2016 and July 2017. After exclusion criteria, 63 patients were identified and 31 were included in the final analysis, with 14 undergoing syndesmotic fixation. WBAT was initiated after suture removal, between 2 and 4 weeks postoperatively. Outcomes included fracture union, radiographic maintenance of alignment, hardware failures, wound complications, and the need for repeat surgery.

Results:

Weightbearing was initiated at an average of 17.8 days. All 31 patients progressed toward fracture union, with no hardware failures. Three patients developed superficial wound breakdown, which was treated with protected weightbearing in all cases and oral antibiotics in 1 case. All 3 went on to heal from their incisions. One patient had delayed wound breakdown and required a split-thickness skin graft that subsequently healed without complication. One patient underwent hardware removal 6 months postoperatively. There were no revision ORIF procedures.

Conclusion:

There is literature supporting early WBAT after ORIF of unstable ankle fractures in patients without major comorbidities. This article supports this trend, demonstrating that a group of ankle fractures requiring syndesmotic fixation were included in the early weightbearing cohort without a higher rate of catastrophic failure or increased wound problems.

Level of Evidence

Level IV, retrospective cohort study.