bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Acceptance Risks through Percent within Limit for Highway Materials and Pavement Construction
Authors: Zhao Yunpeng , Goulias Dimitrios
Published: April 2021

The majority of State Highway Agencies now employ statistical-based specifications for the acceptance of highway materials and pavement construction. The parameters of these statistical acceptance plans are specified based on engineering judgment and may result in a high level of risk to both the agency and contractor. To appropriately apply such specifications to the pavement construction industry, the associated production quality (i.e., materials and construction variability) must be well understood by all parties involved, and its potential effects need to be assessed. To address this, the objective of this study is to quantify the risks to the agencies and contractors (i.e., Type I and Type II errors) associated with the use of both single and multiple acceptance quality characteristics through constructing operating characteristic curves. It is also the purpose of this study to provide guidelines to properly implement the key components of an acceptance plan and its associated statistics. The methodology and findings identified in this study can be applied elsewhere to evaluate the acceptance plans and the associated risks related to highway materials and pavement construction.
Arthroscopic Circumferential Acetabular Labral Reconstruction for Irreparable Labra in the Revision Setting: Patient-Reported Outcome Scores and Rate of Achieving the Minimal Clinically Important Difference at a Minimum 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Domb Benjamin G. , Kyin Cynthia , Go Cammille C. , Shapira Jacob , Rosinsky Philip J. , Lall Ajay C. , Maldonado David R.
Published: April 2021

Background:

There is a paucity in the literature reporting patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores and the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) after revision hip arthroscopic surgery with circumferential labral reconstruction.

Purpose:

To report minimum 2-year PRO scores and the rate of achieving the MCID in patients who underwent revision hip arthroscopic surgery with circumferential labral reconstruction in the setting of irreparable labral tears.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Data were retrospectively reviewed for all patients who underwent revision hip arthroscopic surgery between February 2016 and November 2017. Patients were included if they had undergone circumferential labral reconstruction and had preoperative and postoperative scores for the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS), Hip Outcome Score Sport-Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS), International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12), 12-Item Short Form Health Survey physical and mental components (SF-12 P and SF-12 M, respectively), Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey physical and mental components (VR-12 P and VR-12 M, respectively), and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain. Exclusion criteria were Tönnis grade >1, Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, fractures, hip dysplasia, or revision labral treatment different from circumferential labral reconstruction. The MCID was calculated. Secondary surgical procedures were documented.

Results:

A total of 26 hips (26 patients; 61.5% female) were included. The mean age and body mass index were 33.2 ± 10.4 years and 25.5 ± 4.9, respectively. Significant improvements were reported for the mHHS (17.0 ± 19.5; P = .0002), NAHS (17.9 ± 16.7; P < .0001), HOS-SSS (21.7 ± 23.1; P = .0005), VAS (–2.2 ± 3.0; P = .006), iHOT-12 (25.8 ± 32.5; P = .0007), SF-12 P (8.5 ± 11.2; P = .001), and VR-12 P (8.9 ± 11.6; P = .001). Rates of meeting the MCID for the mHHS, NAHS, HOS-SSS, iHOT-12, and VAS were 76.9%, 80.0%, 65.0%, 62.5%, and 69.2%, respectively. No case of re-revision arthroscopic surgery was documented, but 1 case of conversion to total hip arthroplasty was documented at 38.6 months.

Conclusion:

In the setting of revision hip arthroscopic surgery and irreparable labral tears, circumferential labral reconstruction resulted in significant improvements in all PRO and VAS scores at a minimum 2-year follow-up with a high rate of achieving the MCID.
Incidence and Risk Factors in Concussion Events: A 5-Season Study in the French Top 14 Rugby Union Championship
Authors: Chéradame Jérémy , Piscione Julien , Carling Christopher , Guinoiseau Jean-Pierre , Dufour Bernard , Jacqmin-Gadda Hélène , Decq Philippe
Published: April 2021

Background:

Concussions are a source of major concern in rugby, and a limited number of studies have attempted to identify risk factors for these injuries.

Purpose:

To investigate the incidence of match concussion and associated risk factors, including individual workload, anthropometric variables, playing position, and season phase, in elite rugby union players.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence 3.

Methods:

All concussions and explanatory variables were collected for every match over 5 consecutive seasons (2014-2018) in 1334 professional players participating in the French Top 14 championship. Concussion risk was estimated using mixed effects Poisson regression.

Results:

Mean match concussion incidence equated to 10.4 (95% CI, 9.3-11.5) concussions for 1000 hours of game exposure. A peak was reached in the 2016-2017 season (13.7; 95% CI, 11.0-16.5). A greater risk was observed in the playoffs as compared with the first phase of the season (incidence rate ratio, 3.96; 95% CI, 2.10-7.35). In comparison with other positions, half-backs incurred the highest rate of concussion events (incidence, 16.1; 95% CI, 11.8-20.3). Irrespective of playing position, those with greater height and lower body mass reported a higher risk of concussions ( P = .02), especially during tackling actions for lighter players ( P = .01) and during other match events for taller players ( P = .03). When adjusted for season phase, players who had accumulated a higher amount of playing time since the beginning of the season demonstrated a lower risk of concussion ( P = .005).

Conclusion:

Inter- and intraseasonal variations in concussion rates were observed. Within positional groups, lighter and taller players were more at risk, with the highest incidence generally observed in half-backs. Workload was measured by the number of matches played before a concussion event, and it appeared to have a protective rather than deleterious effect on concussion risk.
Assessing Personality Pathology Response Sets in Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: McDonagh Tracey , Travers Áine , Murphy Siobhan , Elklit Ask
Published: April 2021

Self-report personality inventories may be useful in directing perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) to appropriate intervention programs. They may also have predictive capabilities in assessing the likelihood of desistance or persistence of IPV. However, validity problems are inherent in self-report clinical tools, particularly in forensic settings. Scores of the modifying indices (subsections of the scale designed to detect biases in responding) of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) often are not reported in research. This study analyses the response sets of a sample of 492 IPV perpetrators at intake to a Danish perpetrator program. Profiles were grouped into levels of severity, and the proportion of exaggerated or minimized profiles at each severity level was analyzed. Findings suggested that 30% of the present sample were severely disturbed or exaggerating their symptoms. As expected, there were significant levels of exaggerated profiles present in the severe pathology group and significant levels of minimized profiles in the low pathology group. Self-referred participants were more likely to exaggerate their pathology, but minimization was not associated with referral status. Nor was there an association between gender and the modifying indices. It is suggested that so-called “fake good” or “fake bad” profiles should not necessarily be treated as invalid, but that elevations in the modifying indices can be interpreted as clinically and forensically relevant information in their own right and should be reported on in research.
Intimate Partner Violence and Its Associations with Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alhalal Hani , Alhalal Eman , Alhaizan Maysoon , Alghuson Lolowah , Alahmari Mariah , Alkhayyal Norah , Akkour Khalid
Published: April 2021

Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is a significant issue. Nevertheless, the prevalence of IPV and its adverse outcomes in pregnant women in Saudi Arabia are not well documented. This study examines the prevalence of IPV, its relationship with women’s background characteristics, and its effect on adverse pregnancy outcomes. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sample of 684 women who were either pregnant or in the first six weeks postpartum in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. IPV severity was measured using the Composite Abuse Scale. The results showed that 28.9% of the women included in this study experienced IPV. Smoking habit, income, polygamous marriage, presence of chronic diseases and sexual dysfunction, and number of children were significantly associated with IPV severity. In each one-unit increase in total IPV severity, the possibility of the occurrence of preterm labor, vaginal bleeding, dehydration, gestational diabetes, urinary tract infection, spontaneous abortion, and intrauterine growth retardation significantly increases. Furthermore, regarding the types of abuse, we found that for each one-unit increase in verbal abuse, the possibility of the occurrence of preterm labor, dehydration, urinary tract infection, and intrauterine growth retardation significantly increases. Moreover, for each one-unit increase in physical abuse and one-unit increase in controlling behavior, the possibility of the occurrence of intrauterine growth retardation significantly increases. The current results highlight the importance of paying substantial attention to IPV and its types as a health issue that increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women. A clinical assessment during pregnancy is needed to identify and manage cases of IPV survivors and ultimately reduce their risk of IPV.
Perceptions of Peer Support for Victim-Survivors of Sexual Violence and Abuse: An Exploratory Study With Key Stakeholders
Authors: Gregory Alison , Johnson Emma , Feder Gene , Campbell John , Konya Judit , Perôt Concetta
Published: April 2021

Experiences of sexual violence, childhood sexual abuse, and sexual assault are common across all societies. These experiences damage physical and mental health, coping ability, and relationships with others. Given the breadth and magnitude of impacts, it is imperative that there are effective, accessible services to support victim-survivors, ease suffering, and empower people to cope, recover and thrive. Service provision for this population in the United Kingdom is complex and has been hit substantially by austerity. Since positive social support can buffer against negative impacts, peer support may be an effective approach. The aim of this exploratory study was to capture the views and perspectives of professional stakeholders concerning service provision for victim-survivors, particularly perceptions of peer support.

In-depth semistructured interviews were conducted in the UK during 2018 with six professional stakeholders, highly experienced in the field of service provision for victim-survivors of sexual violence and abuse. An abductive approach to analysis was used, applying principles from thematic analysis. Our sample comprised four females and two males, and their roles included psychiatrist, general practitioner, service improvement facilitator, and senior positions within victim-survivor organizations.

Interviews highlighted models of peer support for this population, good practice and safety considerations, and a lack of uniformity regarding quality and governance standards across the sector. Findings indicated that current funding models impact negatively on victim-survivor services, and that provision is fragmented and insufficient across statutory and not-for-profit sectors. The influence of the medical model upon service provision was evident, which resulted in apprehension around support delivered in less-usual forms—including peer support. Further research is needed to explore the potential of peer support for victim-survivors of sexual violence and abuse.
The Specter of Motherhood: Culture and the Production of Gendered Career Aspirations in Science and Engineering
Authors: Thébaud Sarah , Taylor Catherine J.
Published: April 2021

Why are young women less likely than young men to persist in academic science and engineering? Drawing on 57 in-depth interviews with PhD students and postdoctoral scholars in the United States, we describe how, in academic science and engineering, motherhood is constructed in opposition to professional legitimacy, and as a subject of fear, repudiation, and public controversy. We call this the “specter of motherhood.” This specter disadvantages young women and amplifies anticipatory concerns about combining an academic career with motherhood. By specifying (1) the content of cultural discourses about motherhood in academic workplaces and (2) the processes by which these ideas circulate, produce disadvantage, and inform young, childless scientists and engineers’ career plans, our findings offer novel insight into mechanisms contributing to inequality in academic careers.
International Political Efficacy Matters: A Dual-Pathway Model of Taiwanese Singing E-Petitions to Foreign Governments
Authors: Lin Luc Chia-Shin
Published: April 2021

Signing e-petitions to foreign authorities received little attention from scholars due to the constraint of the relationship between citizenship and sovereignty. Yet, Taiwanese people constantly attempt to create and sign e-petitions to other authorities, especially during the coronavirus pandemic. The current study aims to examine this phenomenon and proposes a new concept namely international political efficacy to explain their behavior. Expanded from political efficacy, international political efficacy refers to individuals’ perception of their knowledge and experience about international affairs and issues. Meanwhile, the current study develops a dual-pathway model which comprises of rational and emotional routes as the theoretical framework. Through a survey, the findings confirm that emotional route failed to shape the e-petition signing intention, whereas rational and collective action concerns dominated the process. International political efficacy was confirmed valid through empirical data, and it can contribute to the theory development.
Antiretroviral Therapy Management in Adults With HIV During ICU Admission
Authors: Walker Cheri K. , Shaw Cassie M. , Moss Perry Madeleine V. , Claborn Melanie K.
Published: April 2021

The extended lifespan of people living with human immunodeficiency (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) (PLWHA) has increased the potential for ICU admissions unrelated to HIV infection. The objective of this review is to guide continued management of antiretroviral therapy (ART) recommended by the United States Department of Health and Human Services Antiretroviral Guidelines in critically ill adult PLWHA admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Pharmacists are uniquely positioned to mitigate these concerns, including whether to continue ART in the ICU, drug interactions with common ICU drugs, renal and hepatic dosing considerations, and alternative methods of administration. Despite these concerns, the original ART regimen should be continued or modified in conjunction with an HIV specialist. Discontinuation greater than 2 weeks should be avoided due to potential resistance and future HIV treatment failure. Use of ART in critically ill patients presents challenges that pharmacists are best equipped to address to prevent adverse events, administration errors, and treatment failure.
COVID-19: An Organizational-theory-guided Holistic Self-caring and Resilience Project
Authors: Barnett Paras , Barnett Michael , Borgueta Elizabeth , Moreno Janette V. , Watson Jean
Published: April 2021

Purpose: In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global human caring crisis, this article describes an innovative, theory-guided, holistic practice project at a major academic medical center in Northern California. The purpose of this theory-guided COVID-19 project was to address the self-care needs of caregivers so they could better care for patients/families who are confronting daily pandemic demands. Study design: The organization's professional practices are guided by Watson's theory of human caring and Caritas Processes. This setting has 16 Caritas Coaches® who have acquired expertise in human caring from an accredited program of the Watson Caring Science Institute ( www.watsoncaringscience.org ). Methods: Caritas Coaches® were mobilized to implement holistic caring–healing modalities such as aromatherapy and mindfulness meditation throughout the organization. Findings: By addressing the self-care needs of caregivers, the organizational culture shifted from fear, fatigue, stress, and burnout, to more intentional conscious, mindful, caring presence, gratitude, and purpose. Conclusion: This study has implications for other institutions regarding theory-guided practice and system responses to self-care needs of staff. This study provides an overview of the project from its origin to implementation and outcomes.
Adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV and associated high-risk behaviours and clinical characteristics: A cross-sectional survey in Vietnam
Authors: Le Phuong M , Nguyen Phuong T , Nguyen Huy V , Bui Duc H , Vo Son H , Nguyen Nga V , Nguyen Tien V , Tran Anh TN , Le Anh DM , Ha Nguyet MT , Dao An TM , Gilmour Stuart
Published: April 2021

Although Vietnam has promoted the utilisation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) towards HIV elimination targets, adherence to treatment has remained under-investigated. We aimed to describe high-risk behaviours and clinical characteristics by adherence status and to identify the factors associated with non-adherence. We included 426 people living with HIV (PLWH) currently or previously involved in HAART. Most participants were men (75.4%), young (33.6 years), with low income and low education levels. Non-adherent PLWH (11.5%) were more likely to have a larger number of sex partners ( p-value = 0.053), sex without condom use ( p-value = 0.007) and not receive result at hospital or voluntary test centre ( p-value = 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that demographic (education levels), sexual risk behaviours (multiple sex partners and sex without using condom) and clinical characteristics (time and facility at first time received HIV-positive result) were associated with HAART non-adherence. There are differences in associated factors between women (education levels and place of HIV testing) and men (multiple sex partners). Gender-specific programs, changing risky behaviours and reducing harms among PLWH may benefit adherence. We highlight the need to improve the quantity and quality of HIV/AIDS services in Vietnam, especially in pre- and post-test counselling, to achieve better HAART adherence, working towards ending AIDS in 2030.
Negotiation is about entitlements, not interests
Authors: Arvanitis Alexios
Published: April 2021

The psychological study of negotiation, influenced by economics, has long emphasized the interests of the bargaining parties as the main driver of the negotiation process. This remains the case, even though psychological research has shown that individuals do not behave in the manner predicted by classical economics. A main drawback of the concept of interests is that it is an individual-level construct and, therefore, does not tap directly into the interindividual nature of the negotiation process. In contrast, entitlements can serve as the key notion in the study of negotiation, both conceptually and epistemologically. I argue that at the heart of negotiation is a rule-making process through which parties define each other’s entitlements and duties. If we view negotiation in this way, we can study it as the primary vehicle for the explicit determination of social norms, obligations, and “ought” standards that permeate social life. This view has ramifications for the study of negotiation itself, for the social-psychological study of coregulation, and even for the function of society as a whole.
Deconstruction of the discourse authority of scientists in Chinese online science communication: Investigation of citizen science communicators on Chinese knowledge sharing networks
Authors: Yang Zheng
Published: April 2021

This article explores science communication and discussion about genetically modified food on Zhihu, the biggest Chinese knowledge-sharing social network, through the methods of online ethnography and discourse analysis. The long-term online ethnography finds a new group emerging: citizen science communicators – those members of the public without a professional scientific background who actively assume the role of communicators. The discoursal and behavioural characteristics of citizen science communicators effectively eliminate the boundaries between scientists and the public, scientific discourse and that of non-scientists, as well as the ‘exclusive legitimacy’ of science and scientists in the online science communication process. By eliminating boundaries and ‘exclusive legitimacy’, the authority of Chinese scientists has also been challenged and deconstructed in online science communication on Zhihu.
Associations between conspiracism and the rejection of scientific innovations
Authors: Marques Mathew D. , Kerr John R. , Williams Matt N. , Ling Mathew , McLennan Jim
Published: April 2021

Public opinion regarding scientific developments such as genetically modified food can be mixed. We suggest such science-based technological innovations are rejected by some because they are perceived to be advanced as part of a conspiracy. In nationally representative samples (Australia n = 1011; New Zealand n = 754), we report the associations between five conspiracism facets and anti-science attitudes. Results indicate broad public opposition to genetically modified food and use of nuclear power, but more acceptance of renewable power, potable recycled water, 5G networks, and childhood vaccinations. There were small to moderate associations between the rejection of scientific innovations and conspiracism. Multivariate models estimating unique associations of conspiracism facets with anti-science attitudes suggested several novel and important relationships, particularly for childhood vaccination, genetically modified food, and 5G networks. We discuss the importance of examining factors such as conspiracism in understanding what may motivate and sustain rejection of scientific evidence-based claims about socially contentious technological innovations.
National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs): A schema for evaluating and comparing foundation instruments and NITAG operations
Authors: Harmon Shawn H.E. , Faour David , MacDonald Noni
Published: April 2021

The individual and community health benefits of vaccination have received significant attention and are now well understood. However, much less is known about immunization as a regulated space, its principles and standards and its institutions and instruments. In 2011, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs) be established in each member country. NITAGSs are envisioned as independent, multidisciplinary expert groups within the national immunization framework, tasked with providing evidence-based evaluations and recommendations to governmental decision-makers about specific vaccines, vaccine-dosing, vaccine program development and immunization policy and practice more generally. As of 2020, 171 WHO countries have formed NITAGs. The widespread formation of NITAGs has highlighted an absence of sustained scholarship around immunization as a policy area subject to law, and it has given rise to many governance and operational questions. In 2017, for example, representatives of the Global NITAG Network (GNN) agreed that there is insufficient understanding of the impact of law on the functioning of NITAGs. Similarly, the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization called for research into the variety of ways in which legislation and regulation have been used to promote immunization at a national level and to achieve different ends in relation to immunization and NITAG functioning. In answer to this call, the NITAG Environmental Scan (Project) was initiated. Drawing on scholarship around good governance, this article offers a comprehensive common assessment schema for critically and systematically approaching questions about NITAG governance and operation, applying that schema to the foundation instrument of the Côte d’Ivoire’s NITAG. It also reports on how well the schema is engaged by the NITAG foundation instruments in other GNN countries.
The Asymmetric Effects of Crude Oil Prices and Exchange Rates on Diesel Prices for 27 European Countries
Authors: Haliloglu Ebru Yuksel , Berument M. Hakan
Published: April 2021

Many studies have examined the asymmetric effect of US dollar-denominated crude oil prices on petroleum product prices. The ‘rockets and feathers’ argument suggests that a crude price increase raises petroleum product prices more than a corresponding decrease in crude prices lowers product prices. However, for the countries that do not use the US dollar as a medium of exchange, petroleum product prices are also affected by the exchange rates. This paper analysed the asymmetric effects of both US dollar-denominated crude oil prices and exchange rates on local currency-denominated diesel prices for 27 European countries in the short run as well as long run. The overall empirical evidence suggests that, in the short run, diesel prices react more to crude oil price increases than to a decrease, parallel to the ‘rockets and feathers’ argument. However, contrary to that argument, the long-run adjustment is the opposite. As for exchange rate shocks, again the ‘rockets and feathers’ argument holds and diesel prices respond more to exchange rate depreciation than appreciation in the short and long run.
Examining the Persistence Intentions of College Students of Color
Authors: Her Pa , Thompson Mindi N.
Published: April 2021

This study used the Social Cognitive Career Theory—Career Self-Management Model (SCCT-CSM) to understand the process by which background variables impact students of color’s intentions to persist in college. Findings from 329 students of color revealed that perceived social status related positively to self-efficacy for self-regulated learning, that increased experiences of racism related negatively to self-efficacy for self-regulated learning, and that self-efficacy for self-regulated learning related positively to intentions to persist in college. Further, self-efficacy for self-regulated learning mediated the relationship between perceived social status and persistence intentions among this sample of college students of color. Lastly, SEM analyses provided support for several pathways of the SCCT-CSM model with students of color. Limitations of the current study are discussed. Implications and future directions for practice and research are presented.
Economic Burden of Cancer on Cancer Patients Treated at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital
Authors: Bona Lalisa Gemechu , Geleta Dereje , Dulla Dubale , Deribe Bedilu , Ayalew Mohammed , Ababi Girma , Bogale Netsanet , Mengistu Kurabachew , Gadissa Anteneh , Gebretsadik Achamyelesh
Published: April 2021

Cancer causes the highest economic loss of all of the leading 15 causes of death worldwide. The economic loss includes the loss of income and the expenses associated with health care costs. The Low awareness of the community toward cancer, the inadequacy of professionals and service providers, and the high budget consuming nature of the treatments are creating a great burden on the cancer patients. The objective of this study was to calculate patient side cancer treatment cost and to assess the contributing factors, among the cancer patients who were treated at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. The health facility based cross-sectional study design was employed using a consecutive sampling technique. Questionnaires was used to collect primary data; while chart was used to collect the secondary data. Indirect costs incurred on these patients due to off job days were checked. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to illustrate the data. On average, $209.99 was spent on treatment by each cancer patients. Of these, medication cost is the highest ($20.77, IQR = 0.53-112.56) from the direct medical costs, and transportation cost is the highest ($58.33, IQR = 22.0-131.67) from the indirect medical costs. Inpatients paid $245.16 (IQR = 147.64-439.20); while outpatients paid $147.37 (IQR = 81.42-240.50). The patients lose about 55.99% of their average annual income. Outpatients pay $0, 92 less than in patients ( P = 0.00, CI -0.72-0.34), and the cost increases by $0.2 for the patients who came from Oromia. The cost of transportation and medication were the one which were significantly affecting the burden; but the total cost of treatment was lesser when compared to similar studies done in different areas. The cost balances toward the patients who came from the Oromiya region. Treatment service has to be extended to West Arsi Zone to minimize the cost of transportation and awareness about cancer is needed in the first place and due attention has to be given to thyroid cancer. Furthermore, facility side study should be done to see the complete picture of the burden.
CCBD’s Position Summary on the Use of Physical Restraint Procedures in Educational Settings
Authors:   Council for Children with Behavioral Disorders
Published: April 2021

This document provides policy recommendations of the Council for Children with Behavioral Disorders (CCBD) regarding the use of physical restraint procedures in educational settings. It includes (a) an introduction with definitions of terminology; (b) a discussion of the problems with the use of physical restraint, policy on this topic, and the lack of research; (c) a Declaration of Principles; and (d) Recommendations Regarding the Use of Physical Restraint in educational settings. Although the policy recommendations in this document pertain to the United States, we believe the principles and nonpolicy recommendations are equally applicable to other countries.
Challenges of Using Videos in Exam Rooms of Safety-Net Clinics to Encourage Patient Self-Disclosure of Intimate Partner Violence and to Increase Provider Screening
Authors: Tavrow Paula , Bloom Brittnie , Withers Mellissa
Published: April 2021

Identifying intimate partner violence (IPV) in clinics allows for early intervention. We tested a comprehensive approach in five safety-net clinics to encourage female victims to self-identify and providers to screen. The main components were (a) short, multilingual videos for female patients; (b) provider training; and (c) management tools. Although videos were viewed 2,150 times, only 9% of eligible patients watched them. IPV disclosure increased slightly (6%). Lack of internal champions, high turnover, increased patient load, and technological challenges hindered outcomes. Safety-net clinics need feasible methods to encourage IPV screening. Management champions and IT support are essential for video-based activities.
The effects of service-learning on physical education teacher education: A case study on the border between Africa and Europe
Authors: Chiva-Bartoll Oscar , Ruiz-Montero Pedro Jesús , Olivencia Juan José Leiva , Grönlund Henrietta
Published: April 2021

Recent studies, supported by the European project Europe Engage – Developing a Culture of Civic Engagement through Service-Learning within Higher Education in Europe, suggest that service-learning (SL) is an effective approach to develop personal and social learning linked to real contexts. This particular case study analyses the perceived effects of an SL programme implemented in Melilla (on the border between Africa and Europe) by Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) students. They offered a service focusing on promoting physical activity and sport among different vulnerable groups (unaccompanied foreign minors, migrants and refugees, adults with autism spectrum disorders, women in conditions of social exclusion, ex-drug addicts and vulnerable older people). This case study used a qualitative hermeneutic-phenomenological methodology. A total of 46 PETE students (36 male and 10 female) participated in one of the two editions of SL carried out in 2017–2018 and 2018–2019. Two focus groups and 46 personal reflective journals were analysed, and some interesting outcomes emerged from the thematic analysis, related to the four categories of Butin’s conceptual model, which was used as a benchmark. These findings reveal how SL can promote an inclusive Physical Education (PE) experience in such a multicultural setting. The positive results achieved are consistent with previous SL research and specifically support the applied intervention design based on the phases of Kolb’s experiential learning (1984). In conclusion, SL offers an empowering approach for multicultural education in PETE programmes, supporting the socially critical research developed in PE in recent decades.
Perceived warmth of offending group moderates the effect of intergroup apologies
Authors: Awale Arya , Chan Christian S. , Tam Katy Y. Y. , Karasawa Minoru
Published: April 2021

The stereotype content model provides a framework for understanding contextual and relational factors that may explain why some intergroup apologies are ineffective. Using actual and fictional scenarios, we examined whether the apology–forgiveness relationship and the apology–remorse relationship were dependent on the victim-group members’ perceived warmth of the offending group. Studies 1 ( N = 101) and 2 ( N = 109) demonstrated that the perceived warmth of the offending group moderated the influence of apology on forgiveness. The interaction effect between apology and forgiveness and that between apology and perceived remorse were qualified in three-way interactions in Studies 3 ( N = 235) and 4 ( N = 586). The warmth-by-apology interaction was detectable among those who were highly offended by the incident. In all four experiments, we found an indirect effect of perceived warmth on forgiveness through perceived remorse. The perceived lack of warmth associated with offending groups may help explain the muted effectiveness of intergroup apologies.
Validation of the Danish version of the Second Victim Experience and Support Tool
Authors: Knudsen Tine , Abrahamsen Charlotte , Jørgensen Jan S. , Schrøder Katja
Published: April 2021

Objective:

Health-care professionals (HCPs) who are involved in an unanticipated adverse patient event, a medical error or a patient-related injury can become second victims. Being a second victim can lead to various symptoms, affecting the well-being of HCPs and possible turnover intentions or absenteeism. An increasing number of hospitals have implemented a second-victim support programme. To achieve unique insights into what works and what does not work in second-victim support programmes, HCPs’ perceptions are needed. The aim of this study was to translate the Second Victim Experience and Support Tool (SVEST) into Danish and test the psychometric properties of the Danish version (D-SVEST).

Methods:

The SVEST self-administered questionnaire was translated into Danish following the World Health Organization’s guidelines. Assessments of the content validity, construct validity and internal consistency were performed based on 171 participants.

Results:

The study demonstrated that the D-SVEST is content valid and fits the a priori defined structure. Yet, four items revealed unacceptable factor loadings (<0.4) and item-rest correlations <0.3. All Cronbach’s alpha estimates for these five dimensions exceeded 0.70. The dimensions on colleague and institutional support did not contribute to the validity.

Conclusions:

In conclusion, the D-SVEST is considered relevant and valid for measuring second-victim experiences and the adequacy of support resources. However, we recommend a modification of items 9 and 25 to enhance the measurement scale in a Danish context. The D-SVEST can be used by health-care management at Danish hospitals.
How is journalism defined in university handbooks? A conceptual analysis of students’ literature, examples of Russia and Belarus
Authors: Zagidullina Marina , Fedotova Natallia , Antropova Vera , Fedorov Vasilii , Lebedzeva Marina , Panova Elena , Patrebin Andrei
Published: April 2021

New generations of journalists get involved in their professional activity after years of studies in journalism schools or universities. Handbooks supporting their studies are rarely in the focus of researchers. However, the definition of journalism presented in such books, are usually recognised as the basis of this profession’s identification. In this article, 501 Russian handbooks and 135 Belarusian student books published between 1991 and 2020 are analysed as a conceptual source of the definition of journalism. Concept-analysis (as a part of a cognitive linguistic approach) is applied to the data: each definition is interpreted as a set of ‘semantic quanta’ organised in the core-peripheric field (‘sphere’). This helps find an implicit ‘cognitive formula’ of journalism in post-Soviet countries journalism education and enables to identify its dynamics and stabilisation. In Russian handbooks, journalism is represented and defined as a regular system with institutional mechanisms (‘a news producing plant’), and in Belarusian student books, it is considered as individual art-literary writing (‘personal creativity’).
How orthodontic research can be enriched and advanced by the novel and promising evolutions in biomedicine
Authors: Hassan Mohamed G , Zaher Abbas R , Athanasiou Athanasios E
Published: April 2021

Recent advances in developmental, molecular and cellular biology as well as biomedical technologies show a promising future for crossing the gap between biomedical basic sciences and clinical orthodontics. Orthodontic research shall utilise the advances and technologies in biomedical fields including genomics, molecular biology, bioinformatics and developmental biology. This review provides an update on the novel and promising evolutions in biomedicine and highlights their current and likely future implementation to orthodontic practice. Biotechnological opportunities in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopaedics are presented with regards to CRISPR technology, multi-omics sequencing, gene therapy, stem cells and regenerative medicine. Future orthodontic advances in terms of translational research are also discussed. Given the breadth of applications and the great number of questions that the presently available novel biomedical tools and techniques raise, their use may provide orthodontic research in the future with a great potential in understanding the aetiology of dentofacial deformities and malocclusions as well as in improving the practice of this clinical specialty.
Clear aligner orthodontic treatment: Angle Society of Europe consensus viewpoint
Authors: Johal Ama , Bondemark Lars
Published: April 2021

Orthodontics has witnessed not only an exponential rise in demand from adult patients but accompanying this, the emergence of alternate aesthetic treatment options to the more traditional fixed labial appliance. The concept of using clear aligners as a means of achieving tooth movement has increased in popularity among both patients and clinicians alike. However, the question over best research evidence as to their clinical effectiveness to treat a range of malocclusion traits remains elusive and controversial among the profession.

In an attempt to offer the profession some clear guidance, The Angle Society of Europe reviewed and discussed the current published evidence (2005–2018) on their clinical use, during the annual meeting in January 2020, to help formulate a consensus viewpoint on the clinical applications.
The smell of lockdown: Smellwalks as sensuous methodology
Authors: Allen Louisa
Published: April 2021

This paper explores a form of sensuous methodology known as smellwalks. Smellwalks are a method which require a reorientation of the senses to temporarily emphasize the information received from the nose. During a smellwalk, the researcher employs an active form of smelling to examine their environment that diverges from normal smell perception. In this research, smellwalks are deployed to investigate the experience of lockdown in a suburban town in Aotearoa-New Zealand. Six solo walks were undertaken, three during lockdown and three out of it, to compare the presence and absence of smells during these periods. In attuning to the invisible, intangible, mundane, and small details of life via smell, smellwalks opened opportunities for new embodied and material knowledge about lockdown experience. It is argued that smellwalks offer a sensory and embodied method with the capacity to attend to more than vision and representation.
Numerical analysis of trajectories in a Cassinian ion trap of second order with trap door ion inlet
Authors: Raupers Bjoern , Medhat Hana , Grotemeyer Juergen , Gunzer Frank
Published: April 2021

Ion traps like the Orbitrap are well known mass analyzers with very high resolving power. This resolving power is achieved with help of ions orbiting around an inner electrode for long time, in general up to a few seconds, since the mass signal is obtained by calculating the Fourier Transform of the induced signal caused by the ion motion. A similar principle is applied in the Cassinian Ion Trap of second order, where the ions move in a periodic pattern in-between two inner electrodes. The Cassinian ion trap has the potential to offer mass resolving power comparable to the Orbitrap with advantages regarding the experimental implementation. In this paper we have investigated the details of the ion motion analyzing experimental data and the results of different numerical methods, with focus on increasing the resolving power by increasing the oscillation frequency for ions in a high field ion trap. In this context the influence of the trap door, a tunnel through which the ions are injected into the trap, on the ion velocity becomes especially important.
Employee engagement in non-Western contexts: The link between social resources Ubuntu and employee engagement
Authors: Tauetsile Joy
Published: April 2021

Underpinned by Social Exchange Theory (SET) this study examines the relationship between social resources and employee engagement using the Ubuntu construct as a mediating variable. Employee engagement conceptualized as a positive work-related mind-set has demonstrated positive association with both supervisor support and colleague support. The study uses data collected from employees in organizations in Botswana (n = 438) to assess the relationship between social resources and employee engagement using Ubuntu as a mediating variable. Using mediation analysis, findings suggest that high levels of Ubuntu enhance the strength of the relationship among supervisor support, colleague support and employee engagement. These findings open significant potential for future studies identifying the cultural peculiarities as well as managerial implications of management concepts such as employee engagement in non-western settings and underlining the importance of the Ubuntu concept in managing staff in a sub-Saharan Africa country.
New shadow professionals and infrastructures around the datafied school: Topological thinking as an analytical device
Authors: Lewis Steven , Hartong Sigrid
Published: April 2021

Drawing upon the growing datafication of contemporary schooling, our purpose in this article is to use topological thinking as an analytical device to better understand the professionals and practices within emergent data infrastructures. We address this by attending to an influential national (and subnational) data infrastructure of school monitoring in the United States, managed by the federal Department of Education, known as EDFacts. Informed by policy documents relating to EDFacts, as well as by various related software platforms and portals, we explore the whom and how of datafication, and expose the increasing presence and influence of otherwise ‘hidden’ technology mediators, or ‘shadow professionals’. In particular, we argue that the increasing dependency of EDFacts on data has necessitated the introduction of new professional roles associated with optimising the flow of data, and thus stabilising and normalising the topological space of the infrastructure. We conclude by suggesting that EDFacts encourages teaching professionals and shadow professionals alike to engage in acts of data submission; that is, providing data to EDFacts and, at the same time, positioning themselves as wholly responsive to the infrastructure and its datafied renderings of schooling.
In nomine Diaboli: The ideologies of organized crime
Authors: Poppi Fabio Indìo Massimo , Ardila Alfredo
Published: April 2021

This article addresses the topic of ideologies underlying organized crime using interviews with individuals living in Mafia-affected territories. High school and university students produced narratives that reflected their ideologies about organized crime, which were duly compared with the ideologies endorsed by Mafia members in televised interviews. This comparison has yielded several similarities, namely the presence of amoralism, familism, verticalism and religious relativism, but, at the same time, substantial differences in the form of anti-reductionism, anti-normalism and anti-victimism (vis-à-vis reductionism, normalism and victimism). The thrust of this study is that ideologies about organized crime are, to a large extent, shared by members of organized crime and outsiders living in Mafia-affected areas.