bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between the introduction of a national targeted intervention program and the incidence of surgical site infections in Swiss acute care hospitals
Authors: Eder Marcus , Sommerstein Rami , Szelecsenyi Arlette , Schweiger Alexander , Schlegel Matthias , Atkinson Andrew , Kuster Stefan P. , Vuichard-Gysin Danielle , Troillet Nicolas , Widmer Andreas F. ,   for Swissnoso, Balmelli Carlo , Berthod Delphine , Buetti Niccolò , Harbarth Stephan , Jent Philipp , Marschall Jonas , Sax Hugo , Senn Laurence , Sutter Sarah Tschudin , Wolfensberger Aline , Zingg Walter
Published: November 2023

Background

In Switzerland, the national surgical site infection (SSI) surveillance program showed a modest decrease in SSI rates for different procedures over the last decade. The study aimed to determine whether a multimodal, targeted intervention program in addition to existing SSI surveillance is associated with decreased SSI rates in the participating hospitals.

Methods

Prospective multicenter pre- and postintervention study conducted in eight Swiss acute care hospitals between 2013 and 2020. All consecutive patients > 18 years undergoing cardiac, colon, or hip/knee replacement surgery were included. The follow-up period was 30 days and one year for implant-related surgery. Patients with at least one follow-up were included. The intervention was to optimize three elements of preoperative management: (i) hair removal; (ii) skin disinfection; and (iii) perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis. We compared SSI incidence rates (main outcome measure) pre- and postintervention (three years each) adjusted for potential confounders. Poisson generalized linear mixed models fitted to quarter-yearly confirmed SSIs and adjusted for baseline differences between hospitals and procedures. Adherence was routinely monitored through on-site visits.

Results

A total of 10 151 patients were included, with a similar median age pre- and postintervention (69.6 and IQR 60.9, 76.8 years, vs 69.5 and IQR 60.4, 76.8 years, respectively; P = 0.55) and similar proportions of females (44.8% vs. 46.1%, respectively; P = 0.227). Preintervention, 309 SSIs occurred in 5 489 patients (5.6%), compared to 226 infections in 4 662 cases (4.8%, P = 0.09) postintervention. The adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) for overall SSI after intervention implementation was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.68 to 0.96, P = 0.02). For cardiac surgery (n = 2 927), the aIRR of SSI was 0.48 (95% CI, 0.32 to 0.72, P < 0.001). For hip/knee replacement surgery (n = 4 522), the aIRR was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.52 to 1.48, P = 0.63), and for colon surgery (n = 2 702), the aIRR was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.75 to 1.14, P = 0.49).

Conclusions

The SSI intervention bundle was associated with a statistically significant decrease in SSI cases. A significant association was observed for cardiac surgery. Adding a specific intervention program can add value compared to routine surveillance only. Further prevention modules might be necessary for colon and orthopedic surgery.
How do COVID-19 re-hiring subsidies affect unemployment duration and incomes in Morocco? An instrumental variable approach
Authors: Abdellatif Chatri , Najia Tahir
Published: November 2023

This paper attempts to estimate the impact of a rehiring subsidy implemented as part of the COVID-19 crisis impact response in Morocco. Using administrative data from the National Social Security Fund, it develops the instrumental variable method to estimate the causal effect of this scheme on unemployment duration and on beneficiaries’ wages. Intended for employees who have previously received unemployment benefits, this subsidy seems to have produced contrasting effects on the beneficiaries. On one hand, it had a “disincentive” effect on their job search efforts, increasing their unemployment duration, compared to non-beneficiaries. On the other hand, it strengthened their power of bargaining and selection, leading them to choose higher paying jobs, compared to those of non-beneficiaries.
Phenome-wide association study on miRNA-related sequence variants: the UK Biobank
Authors: Mustafa Rima , Ghanbari Mohsen , Karhunen Ville , Evangelou Marina , Dehghan Abbas
Published: November 2023

Background

Genetic variants in the coding region could directly affect the structure and expression levels of genes and proteins. However, the importance of variants in the non-coding region, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), remain to be elucidated. Genetic variants in miRNA-related sequences could affect their biogenesis or functionality and ultimately affect disease risk. Yet, their implications and pleiotropic effects on many clinical conditions remain unknown.

Methods

Here, we utilised genotyping and hospital records data in the UK Biobank (N = 423,419) to investigate associations between 346 genetic variants in miRNA-related sequences and a wide range of clinical diagnoses through phenome-wide association studies. Further, we tested whether changes in blood miRNA expression levels could affect disease risk through colocalisation and Mendelian randomisation analysis.

Results

We identified 122 associations for six variants in the seed region of miRNAs, nine variants in the mature region of miRNAs, and 27 variants in the precursor miRNAs. These included associations with hypertension, dyslipidaemia, immune-related disorders, and others. Nineteen miRNAs were associated with multiple diagnoses, with six of them associated with multiple disease categories. The strongest association was reported between rs4285314 in the precursor of miR-3135b and celiac disease risk (odds ratio (OR) per effect allele increase = 0.37,P = 1.8 × 10–162). Colocalisation and Mendelian randomisation analysis highlighted potential causal role of miR-6891-3p in dyslipidaemia.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates the pleiotropic effect of miRNAs and offers insights to their possible clinical importance.
Loperamide cases reported to United States poison centers, 2010–2022
Authors: Patel Aaditya , Rine Natalie I. , Spiller Henry A. , Hays Hannah , Badeti Jaahnavi , Zhu Motao , Ding Kele , Smith Gary A.
Published: November 2023

Background

Intentional use of high doses of loperamide has been linked to serious cardiac toxicity. The objective of this study is to investigate the characteristics and trends of loperamide cases reported to United States (US) poison centers and to evaluate the changes in reported loperamide cases following US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warnings, labeling requirements, and packaging restrictions for loperamide starting in 2016, with an emphasis on intentional exposures.

Methods

Data from the National Poison Data System were analyzed.

Results

There were 12,987 cases reported to US poison centers from 2010 to 2022, for which, loperamide was the most likely substance responsible for observed clinical effects. Although 46.1% of these cases were associated with minor or no effect, 13.4% resulted in a serious medical outcome, including 59 deaths (0.5%). Eight percent (8.1%) of cases were admitted to a critical care unit and 5.0% were admitted to a non-critical care unit. Among cases with a serious medical outcome, most were associated with loperamide abuse (38.0%), intentional-misuse (15.7%), or suspected suicide (27.5%). The majority (60.0%; n = 33) of fatalities were related to abuse, followed by suspected suicide (20.0%; n = 11) and intentional-misuse (5.5%, n = 3). The rate of loperamide cases per 100,000 US population reported to US PCs decreased from 0.44 in 2010 to 0.36 in 2015 (p = 0.0290), followed by an increase to 0.46 in 2017 (p = 0.0013), and then a trend reversal with a decrease to 0.28 in 2022 (p < 0.0001). The rate of serious medical outcomes related to loperamide increased from 0.03 in 2010 to 0.05 in 2015 (p = 0.0109), which subsequently increased rapidly to 0.11 in 2017 (p < 0.0001), and then demonstrated a trend reversal and decreased to 0.04 in 2022 (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

FDA warnings, labeling requirements, and packaging restrictions may have contributed to the observed trend reversal and decrease in reports to US poison centers of loperamide cases related to intentional misuse, abuse, and suspected suicide. This demonstrates the potential positive effect that regulatory actions may have on public health. These findings contribute to the evidence supporting the application of similar prevention efforts to reduce poisoning from other medications associated with intentional misuse, abuse, and suicide.
A case of Barrett’s esophageal adenocarcinoma and severe scoliosis with successful salvage esophagectomy after definitive chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Taguchi Daisuke , Yamashita Kotaro , Momose Kota , Tanaka Koji , Makino Tomoki , Saito Takuro , Yamamoto Kazuyoshi , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Kurokawa Yukinori , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Doki Yuichiro
Published: November 2023

Background

Severe scoliosis can cause reflux esophagitis, and is a risk factor for Barrett's adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Severe scoliosis is associated with respiratory dysfunction, impaired operative tolerance, and anatomical difficulty in surgical manipulation, and is, therefore, considered a high surgical risk. In this report, we describe the case of a young patient with Barrett's esophageal adenocarcinoma with severe scoliosis who underwent salvage surgery after radical chemoradiotherapy.

Case presentation

The patient was a 39-year-old male. Although he had severe scoliosis and paraplegia of both lower limbs since childhood, he was independent in activities of daily living. His previous doctor, who diagnosed the esophageal cancer, determined that surgery was not indicated due to the coexistence of severe scoliosis, so he underwent chemoradiotherapy with curative intent. After chemoradiotherapy, the patient was referred to our hospital for a second opinion because of a tumor remnant. After various additional examinations, thoracoscopic and laparoscopic subtotal esophagectomy for esophageal cancer was performed, along with ante-thoracic route reconstruction using a narrow gastric tube. Although the patient had symptoms associated with postoperative reflux, he recovered well overall and was discharged home about 4 weeks after surgery.

Conclusions

We report the case of an esophageal cancer patient with severe scoliosis at high surgical risk who underwent successful minimally invasive esophagectomy.
The effects of saline water preheating and heat recovery in a vapour-based multistage solar still
Authors: Mkhize Mfanafuthi Mthandeni , Msomi Velaphi
Published: November 2023

The current study complements a broader body of research on solar distillation, including research on heat recycling capabilities and other related factors in multistage solar distillation systems. Solar stills can be used in various applications to provide safe and clean water from natural sources. This study is based on field data collected, analysed, and interpreted over ten (10) months. The solar still operated at atmospheric pressure and produced a distillate by evaporating saline water (SW) at ~ 100 °C. The maximum SW preheating was 75.5 °C with 30,821.04 kJ/m2 day collected by the solar collectors. The corresponding overall thermal efficiency of the test rig was 33.83%. The overall thermal efficiency decreased with increasing wind speed, averaging at 3.12 m/s to 28.31% due to increased heat loss to the environment when 30,780 kJ/m2day was collected. It further declined to 5.89% with low meteorological conditions of 209.81 W/m2, 15.66 °C and 2.66 m/s, respectively, on average. However, the benefits of increased wind speed were enhanced condensation and productivity. The study also found that the ideal thermal energy delivery rate was $$\sim$$
∼
 600 W/m2 or an impulsive mode at higher solar insolation. A balanced condensation rate, SW preheating, heat recovery and overall thermal efficiency can be achieved at this delivery rate. A significant correlation was observed, indicating that the simultaneous increase in the average heat input rate and wind velocities positively impacted distillate output. Conversely, low average wind velocity improved overall thermal efficiency, resulting in a distillate output of 6730 ml for the five stacked stages, despite a slight discrepancy of 3.2 W/m2 in the heat input rate.
Impact of tramadol and heroin abuse on electroencephalography structure and cognitive functions
Authors: Badr Marwa Y. , Gad Elsayed A. E. , Mubarak Ahmed A. E. , El-Heneedy Yasser A. A. , Ibrahim Ahmed M. , Belal Asmaa A. E. , Deep Fatma A. El
Published: November 2023

Background

Opioids, defined as medicines that stimulate opioid receptors, are primarily used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain. They induce central nervous system (CNS) adverse effects. This study aimed to assess the effect of opioids on brain electrical activity, the effect of opioids on cognitive functions, and corroborate whether there was any correlation between changes in brain electrical activity and cognitive functions that may do in opioid addicts.

Methods

This cross-sectional case–control study was performed on 80 cases (divided into two groups 40 cases with tramadol use disorders and 40 cases with heroin use disorders) and 40 age-/sex-matched healthy control. All subjects were subordinated to neuropsychiatric evaluation, assessment of opioid use complaint through history from the case and his relatives, substance monitoring in urine, medicine abuse screening test (DAST), electroencephalography (EEG), and cognitive assessment by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA).

Results

Opioid dependence convinced global cognitive function impairment, specific cognitive disciplines impairment that included visual-conceptual, visual-motor tracking, visual-constructional skills, language function, attention, memory, and orientation. Additionally, affection of the brain’s electrical activities with significant changes compared with control. Comparison of cognitive impairment substantiated by lower cognitive scores in relation to abnormal EEG changes among studied case groups revealed significant differences.

Conclusions

Opioid abusers had a significant impairment of cognitive functions and EEG changes with a significant correlation between changes in brain electrical activity and impairment of cognitive functions.
Population knowledge and commitment regarding a child’s car safety seat after implementation of the new traffic regulations in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alsaeigh A. , Heji ES. , Alamer W. , Alsubhi MY. , Alqurashi A. , Alsulimani LK.
Published: November 2023

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the understanding and adherence to child car safety seat (CSS) guidelines among the general population in the Makkah region of Saudi Arabia following the implementation of new traffic regulations.

Method

A four-section questionnaire addressing knowledge and attitudes regarding CSSs was distributed among the general population of Makkah city in light of new traffic regulations. Data were collected from 487 respondents, and the chi-square test was utilized for statistical analysis.

Results

A total of 144 (29.6%) respondents reported using seat belts before the implementation of new regulations, while 101 (20.7%) started using them afterward. Only 31 (6.4%) stated that they would not use them. A total of 318 (65.3%) reported that their behavior towards using child car safety seats abroad will not change. Additionally, 452 (92.8%) believed that government financial support for car seat costs would increase usage and compliance. The knowledge level among those using CSSs (40.3%) was significantly higher than among those who do not (11.3%) (p = .001).

Conclusions

Most of the respondents believed that governmental financial support for CSS costs will lead to increased compliance. Furthermore, there is a direct correlation between knowledge levels and compliance. Therefore, further investment should be focused on raising awareness and enforcing strict regulations.
The application of implementation science methods in correctional health intervention research: a systematic review
Authors: Van Deinse Tonya B. , Zielinski Melissa J. , Holliday Stephanie Brooks , Rudd Brittany N. , Crable Erika L.
Published: November 2023

Background

Improving access to high-quality healthcare for individuals in correctional settings is critical to advancing health equity in the United States. Compared to the general population, criminal-legal involved individuals experience higher rates of chronic health conditions and poorer health outcomes. Implementation science frameworks and strategies offer useful tools to integrate health interventions into criminal-legal settings and to improve care. A review of implementation science in criminal-legal settings to date is necessary to advance future applications. This systematic review summarizes research that has harnessed implementation science to promote the uptake of effective health interventions in adult criminal-legal settings.

Methods

A systematic review of seven databases (Academic Search Premier, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, Social Work Abstracts, ProQuest Criminal Justice Database, ProQuest Sociological Abstracts, MEDLINE/PubMed) was conducted. Eligible studies used an implementation science framework to assess implementation outcomes, determinants, and/or implementation strategies in adult criminal-legal settings. Qualitative synthesis was used to extract and summarize settings, study designs, sample characteristics, methods, and application of implementation science methods. Implementation strategies were further analyzed using the Pragmatic Implementation Reporting Tool.

Results

Twenty-four studies met inclusion criteria. Studies implemented interventions to address infectious diseases (n=9), substance use (n=6), mental health (n=5), co-occurring substance use and mental health (n=2), or other health conditions (n=2). Studies varied in their operationalization and description of guiding implementation frameworks/taxonomies. Sixteen studies reported implementation determinants and 12 studies measured implementation outcomes, with acceptability (n=5), feasibility (n=3), and reach (n=2) commonly assessed. Six studies tested implementation strategies. Systematic review results were used to generate recommendations for improving implementation success in criminal-legal contexts.

Conclusions

The focus on implementation determinants in correctional health studies reflects the need to tailor implementation efforts to complex organizational and inter-agency contexts. Future studies should investigate policy factors that influence implementation success, design, and test implementation strategies tailored to determinants, and investigate a wider array of implementation outcomes relevant to criminal-legal settings, health interventions relevant to adult and juvenile populations, and health equity outcomes.

Trial registration

A study protocol (CRD42020114111) was registered with Prospero.
Lemierre syndrome: the forgotten disease—a case series
Authors: Salami Arnaud , Assouan Camille , Nasser Dorian , Garba Idrissa , Mourtada Wardatou Dine , Yapo Assi Romaric Evrard , Konan Emmanuel
Published: November 2023

Background

The aim of this work is to share the authors’ experience and assist therapeutic decision-making in the management of Lemierre syndrome (LS). This is a retrospective descriptive study carried out in the stomatology, maxillofacial surgery, and ENT departments of the teaching hospital of Treichville (Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire). LS cases managed from 2013 to 2023 were included in the study.

Results

Eight patients were enrolled (six men and two women). Internal jugular vein thrombosis was unilateral in 7 cases and bilateral in one. No germs were found in four patients. In one patient, a bacterial co-infection was responsible for the thrombosis. Surgical debridement was systematically performed in cases of necrosis. Anticoagulation was justified in three patients. No deaths were observed.

Conclusion

This work describes the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic, and evolutionary aspects of LS. The management of LS should not be improvised. The choice of surgical debridement and anticoagulation depends on specific situations.
A systematic review of the efficacy of cochlear implantation in adults with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorders
Authors: Aryal Sajana , Sharma Yoshita , Prabhu Prashanth
Published: November 2023

Background

Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) is characterized by normal outer hair cell functioning alongside compromised auditory nerve activity. Our study is designed with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of cochlear implantation in addressing this disorder among adult individuals.

Methods

The systematic review was carried out using PRISMA guidelines. The review resulted in 288 articles related to the topic. Among these, 11 articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria that were included for the study. The studies were evaluated using the Revised Tool for the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies.

Results

We conducted a comprehensive review by examining articles sourced from various databases to investigate the effectiveness of cochlear implantation in individuals diagnosed with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD). The majority of the studies indicate positive outcomes associated with cochlear implantation, resulting in improved audibility and enhanced speech perception abilities. Nonetheless, the prognosis is influenced by a range of factors including the specific location of the auditory lesion, the underlying cause of ANSD, and the nature of postoperative training. The evaluation of article quality revealed a minimal risk of bias, indicating a robust foundation for the conclusions drawn.

Conclusion

The review substantiates the effectiveness of cochlear implantation in addressing the needs of adult individuals dealing with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD). Notably, the review emphasizes that the decision to recommend a cochlear implant should be made in light of the insights derived from genetic testing. However, it is important to highlight that the existing literature lacks a sufficient number of experimental studies featuring appropriately sized samples, underscoring the necessity for future research endeavors to bridge this gap and enhance our understanding of this intervention’s potential.
Psychosocial interventions for carers of people with severe mental and substance use disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sampogna Gaia , Brohan Elaine , Luciano Mario , Chowdhary Neerja , Fiorillo Andrea
Published: November 2023

Background

Severe mental disorders – such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and substance use disorders – exert a negative impact not only on affected people but also on their carers. To support carers of people with severe mental disorders, several psychosocial interventions have been developed.

Methods

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess whether psychosocial interventions for carers of persons with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or substance use disorders produce benefit/harm with respect to a series of outcomes – including subjective and objective burden, depressive symptoms, well-being/quality of life, sleep, skills/knowledge, self-efficacy, physical health – as compared to standard support/support as usual or other control conditions.

Results

In carers of persons with schizophrenia, psychoeducational interventions were associated with significant improvement in personal burden, well-being, and knowledge about the illness; and a supportive-educational intervention with an improvement in personal burden. In carers of persons with bipolar disorder, psychoeducational interventions were associated with significant improvement in personal burden and depressive symptoms; family-led supportive interventions with an improvement in family burden; family-focused intervention and online “mi.spot” intervention with a significant reduction in depressive symptoms. Psychosocial interventions used for carers of persons with substance use disorders were found to be overall effective on the level of well-being, but the low number of trials did not allow detection of differences between the various psychosocial interventions.

Conclusions

The quality of the evidence ranged from very low to moderate, suggesting the need for further better-quality research.
Toll-like receptor signalling via IRAK4 affects epithelial integrity and tightness through regulation of junctional tension
Authors: Peterson Jesse , Balogh Sivars Kinga , Bianco Ambra , Röper Katja
Published: November 2023

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in mammalian systems are well known for their role in innate immunity. In addition, TLRs also fulfil crucial functions outside immunity, including the dorsoventral patterning function of the original Toll receptor in Drosophila and neurogenesis in mice. Recent discoveries in flies suggested key roles for TLRs in epithelial cells in patterning of junctional cytoskeletal activity. Here, we address the function of TLRs and the downstream key signal transduction component IRAK4 in human epithelial cells. Using differentiated human Caco-2 cells as a model for the intestinal epithelium, we show that these cells exhibit baseline TLR signalling, as revealed by p-IRAK4, and that blocking IRAK4 function leads to a loss of epithelial tightness involving key changes at tight and adherens junctions, such as a loss of epithelial tension and changes in junctional actomyosin. Changes upon IRAK-4 inhibition are conserved in human bronchial epithelial cells. Knockdown of IRAK4 and certain TLRs phenocopies the inhibitor treatment. These data suggest a model whereby TLR receptors near epithelial junctions might be involved in a continuous sensing of the epithelial state to promote epithelial tightness and integrity.
ARRDC5 deficiency impairs spermatogenesis by affecting SUN5 and NDC1
Authors: Liu Ruyi , Qu Ronggui , Li Qun , Chen Biaobang , Mu Jian , Zeng Yang , Luo Yuxi , Xu Fangzhou , Wang Lei , Zhang Zhihua , Sang Qing
Published: November 2023

Sperm with normal morphology and motility are essential for successful fertilization, and the strong attachment of the sperm head-tail coupling apparatus to the nuclear envelope during spermatogenesis is required to ensure the integrity of sperm for capacitation and fertilization. Here, we report that Arrdc5 is associated with spermatogenesis. The Arrdc5 knockout mouse model showed male infertility characterized by a high bent-head rate and reduced motility in sperm, which led to capacitation defects and subsequent fertilization failure. Through mass spectrometry, we found that ARRDC5 affects spermatogenesis by affecting NDC1 and SUN5. We further found that ARRDC5 might affect the vesicle-trafficking protein SEC22A-mediated transport and localization of NDC1, SUN5 and other head-tail coupling apparatus-related proteins that are responsible for initiating the attachment of the sperm head and tail. We finally performed intracytoplasmic sperm injection as a way to explore therapeutic strategies. Our findings demonstrate the essential role and the underlying molecular mechanism of ARRDC5 in anchoring the sperm head to the tail during spermatogenesis.
DEK oncoprotein participates in heterochromatin replication via SUMO-dependent nuclear bodies
Authors: Pierzynska-Mach Agnieszka , Czada Christina , Vogel Christopher , Gwosch Eva , Osswald Xenia , Bartoschek Denis , Diaspro Alberto , Kappes Ferdinand , Ferrando-May Elisa
Published: November 2023

The correct inheritance of chromatin structure is key for maintaining genome function and cell identity and preventing cellular transformation. DEK, a conserved non-histone chromatin protein, has recognized tumor-promoting properties, its overexpression being associated with poor prognosis in various cancer types. At the cellular level, DEK displays pleiotropic functions, influencing differentiation, apoptosis and stemness, but a characteristic oncogenic mechanism has remained elusive. Here, we report the identification of DEK bodies, focal assemblies of DEK that regularly occur at specific, yet unidentified, sites of heterochromatin replication exclusively in late S-phase. In these bodies, DEK localizes in direct proximity to active replisomes in agreement with a function in the early maturation of heterochromatin. A high-throughput siRNA screen, supported by mutational and biochemical analyses, identifies SUMO as one regulator of DEK body formation, linking DEK to the complex SUMO protein network that controls chromatin states and cell fate. This work combines and refines our previous data on DEK as a factor essential for heterochromatin integrity and facilitating replication under stress, and delineates an avenue of further study for unraveling the contribution of DEK to cancer development.
Segregacja mobilności w ujęciu biograficznym
Authors: Grzegorczyk Anna
Published: November 2023

The aim of the article is to present mobility segregation and its scope in the life of a female resident of Warsaw with a low social profile who lives among people of different social status, and to answer the question: does the level of mobility segregation change over the course of her life. Based on traditional narrative-biographical interviews, the mobility biography method was used to collect biographical material, and then to identify everyday mobility practices and the level of mobility segregation. Moreover, it was employed to develop a biographical axis of mobility segregation. This article presents the case of one narrator, on the basis of which it was demonstrated that mobility segregation changes over the life course, and when experienced in everyday life, it is a more significant social problem than social segregation, measured by quantitative research at a given moment in life.
Samoocena poziomu stresu mieszkańców Trójmiasta, Kielc i Lwowa podczas pandemii COVID-19
Authors: Michalski Tomasz , Brosz Maciej , Kiniorska Iwona , Matviyishyn Yevhen , Grabowski Jakub , Strzałkowska Anna , Anisiewicz Renata
Published: November 2023

The aim of the study is to determine the stress level among the adult residents of Tri-City (Gdańsk, Gdynia, Sopot), Kielce and Lviv. The study was conducted in January and February 2022. Use was made of a short questionnaire of 25 closed questions, including two scalograms (one covered 10 questions on the sources of experienced anxiety, and the other one was also a 10-item PSS-10 test – Perceived Stress Scale). In the analysis, Kruskal-Wallis H and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests were applied. In the case of obtaining a statistically significant result of intergroup comparisons, post hoc tests were conducted in order to minimize the error resulting from unequal sample sizes. The stress index level measured by the PSS-10 test amounted to 15.71 in the entire sample, and it was significantly lower among the inhabitants of Lviv (11.94) than in Tri-City (18.07) and Kielce (17.09). When asked about concerns related to the COVID-19 epidemic, the respondents provided different answers depending on the country they lived in. Among the sources of perceived anxiety, residents of Polish cities indicated other people’s attitudes (Tri-City – 55.1%, Kielce – 58.7%) and difficulties in access to health services (64.0% – Kielce, 41.3% – Tri-City). A major source of anxiety for the inhabitants of Ukrainian Lviv, however, was the health of relatives (53.2%) and their own health (49.9%).
Scenariusze odnowy małych miast. Wyzwania i problemy rewitalizacji wybranych ośrodków województwa warmińsko-mazurskiego
Authors: Musiaka Łukasz , Sudra Paweł , Spórna Tomasz , Spadło Katarzyna
Published: November 2023

The main research objective of this paper is to assess the spatial aspects of the revitalisation of small towns in the Voivodeship of Varmia and Masuria on the example of Kisielice, Lubawa and Węgorzewo. The selected towns were destroyed during World War II on a scale of more than 70% of their built-up area. They represent different forms of post-war reconstruction and have a diverse scale and nature of contemporary functional and spatial challenges. The article analyses the effectiveness of urban regeneration tools in the form of local revitalisation programmes (LPR) and the supra-local revitalisation programme within the Cittaslow network for the processes of physical renewal of urban fabric. The primary research method was the analysis of strategic and development documents drawn at various levels. In addition, study visits to the examined towns were conducted, and use was made of the consulting and advising experience offered to local governments as well as expert interviews. Both local programmes and the supra-local programme have played an essential role in the regeneration process of the towns under study, both spatially, functionally and as a platform for promotion and cooperation. However, the organisational and legal framework to date is not flawless and does not meet the current needs of local authorities. The introduction of the Revitalisation Act in 2015 and the implementation of new solutions in the form of municipal revitalisation programmes (GPR) were an attempt to overcome the low effectiveness of the existing tools. The new solutions provide an opportunity to continue ongoing projects and to start a new urban renewal and development stage. This is particularly important in a region facing enormous demographic, social and economic challenges and the still-felt repercussions of the Second World War and the subsequent spatial changes.
Decision aids as tools to facilitate shared decision making in neonatal care: A standardization analysis
Authors: Dephoure Stephanie , Desai Bijal , Cummings Brian
Published: November 2023

Background Neonatal practice involves complex decision-making that prioritizes different ethical principles than adult care, with a particular focus on beneficence and the best interests standard, while respecting parental autonomy. Prioritizing autonomy and best interests are facilitated through shared decision-making (SDM). Decision aids (DA)s are educational, evidence-based tools designed to facilitate SDM between patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals. The development and evaluation of existing neonatal DAs have been variable, with as yet unestablished effectiveness and generalizability. Methods Standardized frameworks allow neonatal DAs to be evaluated for completeness and elucidate areas of opportunity to better promote the ethical goals of SDM. DAs were included in analysis based on a comprehensive search strategy focusing on neonatal topics, and then evaluated for compliance with both the Standards for UNiversal reporting of patient Decision Aid Evaluations checklist (SUNDAE) and the Systematic Development Process (SDP). Results Compliance with SUNDAE and SDP were inconsistent in currently published neonatal DAs. SUNDAE evaluation revealed gaps in visual and numerical probability factors, values clarification exercises, and provision of tailored information to meet parental needs, overall limiting the potential of informed and adaptable SDM. SDP evaluation showed gaps in longitudinal engagement of steering committees, a lack of preliminary alpha testing with clinicians and a lack of beta testing with both clinicians and parents. Conclusions In order to maximize SDM and support ethical decision-making honoring parental autonomy and best interests standard in neonates, a holistic framework for DA development and reporting is needed to maximize their clinical impact.
Dynamic analysis and sliding mode control method of 5-DOF manipulator
Authors: Jiang Quansheng , Cai Kai , Ma Ming
Published: November 2023

Background The five degree of freedom (5-DOF) manipulator greatly improves the machining efficiency and accuracy because of its high flexibility. They see wide application in various automation fields. The dynamic analysis and modeling of manipulators is of great significance to improve the working accuracy of a manipulator. Methods For the robot task of sheet metal bending, a 5-DOF manipulator based on sliding mode control strategy is designed in this paper. Firstly, the dynamics of the 5-DOF manipulator is analyzed and the dynamic equation is established. Secondly, based on the principle of sliding mode control, a proportional integral (PI) sliding mode control method for 5-DOF manipulator based on nominal model is proposed. PI sliding mode control method has the advantages of solving system deviation problem, eliminating steady-state error, strong adaptability, good robustness, sliding mode design and easy implementation. Finally, the sliding mode control simulation experiment of 5-DOF manipulator is carried out to verify its stability. Results The 5-DOF manipulator with PI sliding mode control has a good control effect by overcoming the influence of modeling error due to its strong robustness, and effectively realizes good control stability. Conclusions The experimental results show that the 5-DOF manipulator has good response speed and stability. The results also suggest that the manipulator can be widely used in complex scenarios such as medical surgery or industrial production line with high safety requirements.
The medical licensing assessment in the UK: Knowledge, attitudes and preparedness of medical schools
Authors: Khogali Shihab E. , Lynch Bonnie
Published: November 2023

Background From academic year 2024/25, medical graduates who wish to practice in the United Kingdom must pass the new Medical Licensing Assessment (MLA). This exam has been introduced to ensure a common standard of practice for all graduating doctors, and UK medical schools have a major role to play in its development and implementation and in preparing their students to pass it. This study explores knowledge, attitudes and preparedness of medical school staff with respect to the MLA. Methods Members of staff, who are involved with MBBS/MBChB programmes, at medical schools across the UK were invited by email to complete a 35-item anonymous online questionnaire. Four items asked about the respondent’s professional role and time in post; 10 asked about knowledge of the MLA; 20 asked about perceptions of the MLA; and a single item asked about the school’s preparedness to help its students pass the MLA. Results A total of 75 responses were received from 16 UK medical schools. Staff knowledge levels of the MLA were high, with an average of 67% correct answers for the 10 knowledge items, and higher scores for those whose roles directly related to assessment. Attitudes tended to be negative, particularly with regard to concerns about increased workload and inter-school competition associated with the introduction of the MLA. Positive aspects were also recognised, particularly regarding standardisation for entry into the UK medical register. Despite their misgivings, respondents were optimistic about their schools’ preparedness to help their students pass the MLA. Conclusions UK medical schools may benefit from reinforcing positive attitudes and taking steps to mitigate the negative attitudes of staff to help ensure a smooth transition to the new licensing assessment.
Menstrual cycle features in mothers and daughters in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)
Authors: Sawyer Gemma , Howe Laura D. , Fraser Abigail , Clayton Gemma , Lawlor Deborah A. , Sharp Gemma C.
Published: November 2023

Problematic menstrual cycle features, including irregular periods, severe pain, heavy bleeding, absence of periods, frequent or infrequent cycles, and premenstrual symptoms, are experienced by high proportions of females and can have substantial impacts on their health and well-being. However, research aimed at identifying causes and risk factors associated with such menstrual cycle features is sparse and limited. This data note describes prospective, longitudinal data collected in a UK birth cohort, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), on menstrual cycle features, which can be utilised to address the research gaps in this area. Data were collected across 21 timepoints (between the average age of 28.6 and 57.7 years) in mothers (G0) and 20 timepoints (between the average age of 8 and 24 years) in index daughters (G1) between 1991 and 2020. This data note details all available variables, proposes methods to derive comparable variables across data collection timepoints, and discusses important limitations specific to each menstrual cycle feature. Also, the data note identifies broader issues for researchers to consider when utilising the menstrual cycle feature data, such as hormonal contraception, pregnancy, breastfeeding, and menopause, as well as missing data and misclassification.
Cooperación público-comunitaria y posibilidades de cambios en el habitar: reflexiones a partir del Programa Cohabita Rivas (Rivas Vaciamadrid).
Authors: Relli Ugartamendía Mariana , Michelini Juan José
Published: November 2023

Frente a la crisis de acceso a la vivienda, se ponen en marcha iniciativas comunitarias desmercantilizadas que abren caminos alternativos ante el paulatino abandono de las administraciones públicas y empiezan a mostrar algunos resultados favorables. En los últimos años, las cooperativas de usuarios de viviendas experimentan un notable crecimiento en el Estado español y avanzan en la interpelación a diferentes estamentos públicos. Por otra parte, crecen los cuestionamientos al modelo hegemónico de atención pública a la dependencia de personas mayores dada la pérdida de autonomía que supone su traslado a residencias geriátricas. En este contexto, las cooperativas senior de usuarios de vivienda irrumpen en el escenario de la producción cooperativa como actores con sus demandas particulares, que traccionan por cambios cualitativos en el habitar y en la gestión de los cuidados. A partir de la caracterización de las dimensiones organizativa, jurídica, física, económica y social del Programa Cohabita Rivas –que toma del modelo sus elementos centrales: propiedad cooperativa y cesión de uso– se discuten posibilidades de alianzas público-comunitarias para transformar la atención a las personas mayores desde la escala local, incluso en contextos adversos de gobernanza territorial multinivel. Se muestra una propuesta socialmente innovadora, las ventajas del impulso institucional local a este modelo y las limitaciones con las que se encuentra
Entramado de actores en la problemática habitacional: Estado, organizaciones de la sociedad civil y la comunidad del municipio de La Matanza.
Authors: Bareiro Gardenal Florencia
Published: November 2023

Estudiar la problemática habitacional en La Matanza implica tener en cuenta algunos factores relacionados a sus dimensiones territoriales, ya que su población representa el 15,38% del total de habitantes de la provincia de Buenos Aires, la más poblada de Argentina. En este porcentaje el déficit habitacional afecta a 331.420 de sus hogares. Además, se destaca por el desarrollo de organizaciones que surgen como estrategia para lograr procesos de ocupación y asentamientos populares. Existen 411 Organizaciones de la Sociedad Civil (OSC) en este partido. Teniendo en cuenta las características mencionadas, este artículo propone conocer las relaciones que se producen entre las organizaciones de la sociedad civil, el Estado y la comunidad de La Matanza en la implementación de intervenciones habitacionales en este territorio. Para esto consideramos un abordaje cualitativo, retomando entrevistas en profundidad realizadas a integrantes de OSC que trabajan en algún aspecto la problemática habitacional en este municipio. Vimos que existe una heterogeneidad entre las actividades que realizan las organizaciones principalmente interesadas en mejorar las condiciones del hábitat urbano y las condiciones de la vivienda. Casi todas las organizaciones tienen personería jurídica y se concentran principalmente en el segundo y tercer cordón, siendo González Catán, Virrey del Pino y Ciudad Evita las localidades en las que más se encuentra el trabajo territorial de las OSCs.
El modelo conventual como activo residencial: hacia nuevas formas de vida comunitaria y participativa.
Authors: Romero-Ojeda José-Manuel , Merodio Ayarza Garazi
Published: November 2023

El modelo arquitectónico del convento de clausura supone un ejemplo de arquitectura con gran capacidad de hibridación de uso. En la actualidad, las comunidades que los habitan se están viendo mermadas por una reducción de ingresos de personas y una enorme dificultad para hacer frente a los costes de mantenimiento y rehabilitación de los mismos. En consecuencia, muchos conventos presentan un estado cercano a la ruina, lo que obliga a las comunidades a abandonar los edificios para agruparse en otros de la misma orden. Paralelamente, la sociedad está sufriendo problemas de precariedad laboral y acceso a la vivienda, lo que dificulta la emancipación de forma autónoma o independiente. Fenómeno que se está viendo agravado por la presión turística de los centros históricos, provocando la expulsión de residentes a barrios periféricos. El objetivo de este artículo es abrir un estudio y debate sobre las posibilidades que tienen estos edificios de ser rehabilitados mediante un proyecto de vivienda colaborativa, permitiendo la inserción de nuevas comunidades que permitan habitar, mantener e incluso abastecerse del propio complejo, haciendo frente a problemas de vivienda y turistificación1 conservando en los centros históricos el uso residencial en relación con un elemento patrimonial. Del Ora et labora al Vivere et participes.
Polska w obliczu wojny w Ukrainie – prawno-instytucjonalne uwarunkowania działań pomocowych i reakcja polskiego społeczeństwa
Authors: Bujwid-Kurek Ewa , Siatka Jakub
Published: November 2023

The main research problem of the chapter titled ‘Poland in the Face of War in Ukraine – Legal and Institutional Determinants of Aid Operations and the Reaction of Polish Society’ was an attempt to diversify the assistance provided in the first months of the wave of refugees from Ukraine affected by the Russian Federation’s military aggression of 24 February 2022. Firstly, the Polish act ‘Ustawa z dnia 12 marca 2022 r. o pomocy obywatelom Ukrainy w związku z konfliktem zbrojnym na terytorium tego państwa’ is analyzed in it. Secondly, attention is drawn to the main problems faced by the Ukrainian population arriving in Poland; thirdly, it assesses how the Polish government (at various levels) and society meet this formidable challenge; and fourthly, an attempt is made to address the issue of the attitudes of Poles towards helping the Ukrainian population during the first months of the war. Based mainly on the above-mentioned law and using the results of reports, the analysis concludes that it is difficult to assess whether it was the Polish government or Polish people that demonstrated more activity in this regard. It should be noted that in the face of the escalating wave of refugees from Ukraine, both the Polish authorities and Polish society almost immediately responded appropriately to this extraordinarily difficult situation. This chapter relies on research methods appropriate to the discipline of political science and public administration, two of which were particularly useful: primary source analysis and case study.