bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pelabelan Komposit Pada Graf Memuat Cycle
Authors: Komarullah Hafif
Published: January 2025

Pelabelan komposit pada graf  yang berorder  dan size adalah pemetaan bijektif titik dan sisi graf  ke bilangan bulat positif 1 sampai  sedemikian sehingga label sisi yang bersisian dengan titik yang sama tidak relatif prima. Graf yang dapat dilabeli dengan pelabelan komposit disebut graf komposit. Paper ini membahas pelabelan komposit pada graf yang memuat cycle diantaranya graf tadpole, graf gunung api, graf pot bunga, dan graf pohon palem. Metode yang digunakan dalam paper ini adalah studi literatur, deskriptif aksiomatik, dan pendeteksian pola. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan diperoleh bahwa graf tadpole, graf gunung api, graf pot bunga, dan graf pohon palem merupakan graf komposit.
Implementasi Metode Regresi Linear Berganda dalam Analisis Faktor-faktor Pengaruh Indeks Pembangunan Manusia
Authors: Fitriyani Vina , Rofingah Chalimatur
Published: January 2025

Provinsi Jawa Tengah merupakan provinsi dengan jumlah penduduk terbesar ketiga di Indonesia. Penduduk Indonesia yang berjumlah besar dapat menjadi modal pembangunan bila memiliki kualitas yang memadai. Pembangunan menjadi sarana yang esensial dalam mencapai tujuan sebuah bangsa, sementara indikator penting bagi suatu Negara untuk menilai keberhasilan pembangunan adalah indeks pembangunan manusia. Indeks pembangunan manusia menjadi parameter untuk mengevaluasi keberhasilan upaya pembangunan dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup manusia. Perkembangan IPM memberikan indikasi peningkatan atau penurunan kinerja pembangunan manusia pada suatu daerah. Faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi indeks pembangunan manusia seperti usia harapan hidup, harapan lama sekolah, rata-rata lama sekolah, dan pengeluaran per kapita. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari usia harapan hidup, harapan lama sekolah, dan rata-rata lama sekolah terhadap indeks pembangunan manusia secara simultan dan parsial terhadap indeks pembangunan manusia. Data dari penelitian ini bersumber dari website resmi BPS Provinsi Jawa Tengah yaitu https://jateng.bps.go.id/. Pada penelitian ini, data yang digunakan merupakan data cross-sectional yakni data yang dikumpulkan pada satu titik waktu atau dalam satu periode waktu tertentu. Data dalam penelitian ini memiliki tiga variabel independen yaitu usia harapan hidup (UHH) sebagai X_1, harapan lama sekolah (HLS) sebagai X_2, dan rata-rata lama sekolah (RLS) sebagai X_3, dan satu variabel dependen yaitu indeks pembangunan manusia (IPM) sebagai  Y. Data yang telah terkumpul kemudian dilakukan analisis regresi untuk melihat pengaruh antara variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen menggunakan metode regresi linear berganda. Pada implementasinya menggunakan python dihasilkan model regresi linear berganda Y = 14.0345 + 0.3503x_1 + 1.2432x_2 + 2.1266x_3, menujukkan bahwa baik secara parsial maupun simultan UHH (X_1) , HLS  (X_2), dan RLS  (X_3) berpengaruh positif terhadap IPM (Y0.
Effectiveness of bulking agents in managing stress and mixed urinary incontinence: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Paramita Alma Dhiani , Ustadi Fiqih Faizara , Susanto Jennifer , Ansori Moch. Afrizal , Kurniawati Eighty Mardiyan , Setyo Hadi Tri Hastono
Published: January 2025

Stress urinary incontinence and stress-predominant mixed urinary incontinence are prevalent conditions that significantly impair quality of life, particularly among women. Urethral bulking agents have emerged as a non-surgical treatment option for patients who are hesitant to undergo surgical interventions. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of various urethral bulking agents, specifically Bulkamid, Macroplastique, and Urolastic, in treating stress urinary incontinence and stress-predominant mixed urinary incontinence. The review encompasses 15 studies, including rando­mized controlled trials and cohort studies, with a total of 1,120 patients. The analysis focuses on cure and improvement rates, complications, and the risk of bias associated with the included studies. The fin­dings indicate that bulking agents demonstrate cure and improvement rates ranging from 70 to 80 %, with a pooled average of 75 %. Subgroup analyses reveal cure rates of 76 % for Bulkamid, 73 % for Urolastic, and 77 % for Macroplastique. Despite significant statistical heterogeneity, particularly for Bulkamid and Urolastic, the results suggest that these agents can serve as effective non-surgical options. The outcomes appear consistent across all continents included in this study, reinforcing their potential as reliable alternative glo­bally. Ho­wever, the review highlights the necessity for well-designed randomized controlled trials to further assess the long-term efficacy and safety of these treatments, ultimately aiming to optimize patient outcomes.
Effect of Glomerular Hyperfiltration on Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Chung Seung Min , Jung Inha , Lee Da Young , Park So Young , Yu Ji Hee , Moon Jun Sung , Seo Ji A. , Han Kyung-Do , Kim Nan Hee
Published: January 2025

Key Points

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had glomerular hyperfiltration (GHF) were younger and had fewer comorbid metabolic disorders, despite poor glycemic control.

The relationship between eGFR and incident cardiovascular disease showed an inverted J-shaped pattern, which was highest among low filtration, followed by GHF.

GHF was associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly myocardial infarction and heart failure.

Background

The effects of glomerular hyperfiltration (GHF) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were explored.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study enrolled 1,952,053 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database between 2015 and 2016. On the basis of age- and sex-specific eGFR percentiles, patients were classified into five groups: <5 (low filtration), 5–40, 40–60, 60–95, and >95 (GHF). Patients with incident CVD (myocardial infarction [MI], stroke, and hospitalization for heart failure) were followed up until December 2022.

Results

CVD occurred in 214,111 patients (11%). The incidence rates were 36.1, 20.8, 18.3, 18.7, and 19.3 per 1000 person-years for the eGFR groups, respectively. Low filtration (hazard ratio [HR], 1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.53 to 1.59) and GHF (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.15) were associated with higher CVD risk adjusted for covariates than that of the eGFR 40–60 percentile, showing an inverted J-shaped relationship. GHF was associated with a higher risk of MI (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.11) and heart failure (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.20) and with a higher risk of stroke. eGFR was associated with CVD risk across subgroups of age, sex, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. The effect of GHF on CVD may be greater in younger patients (HR=1.30, 1.17, and 1.05 in <40, 40–60, and ≥65 years old, respectively).

Conclusions

GHF was associated with CVD, particularly MI and heart failure. Screening for GHF in the early stages of type 2 diabetes mellitus may be beneficial.
A REVIEW ON RECENT ADVANCES IN HYDROGELS AS DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Authors: GHANEM AYA M. , ASHOUR SONDOS AHMAD , HUSSIEN RUAA M.
Published: January 2025

Hydrogels are hydrophilic three-dimensional polymeric networks which has the capability to absorb water or biological fluids. These polymeric network is formulated through chemical crosslinking or physical crosslinking mechanisms. Several polymers of synthetic and natural origin can be used to form hydrogels. Mechanical properties, swelling and biological properties are about the most significant hydrogels properties that can affect their morphology and structure. Hydrogels are promising biomaterials due to their significant properties as hydrophilicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility and non-toxicity. These characteristics make hydrogels appropriate for medical and pharmaceutical application. This review discusses the types of hydrogels, their properties, mechanism of preparation and applications of hydrogels as drug delivery system.
DEVELOPMENT AND STABILITY EVALUATION OF ATORVASTATIN EXTEMPORANEOUS ORAL SUSPENSION FOR ELDERLY PATIENTS
Authors: KAEWPRADIT SIRIKANYA , SIRIPITHAYA YUWAKORN , JANTARAT CHUTIMA
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study aims to develop an extemporaneous oral suspension formulation of atorvastatin (ATV) and evaluate its stability.
Methods: ATV extemporaneous oral suspension was developed by preparation using different suspension vehicles. The developed formulation was stored at ambient temperature (30±2 °C) and refrigerated temperature (4±2 °C) to evaluate its physical and chemical stability. The formulation was also exposed to 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl), and 1 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to evaluate its stability under stress conditions. ATV was analyzed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), which was validated prior to use.
Results: A vehicle containing 0.6% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC) was suitable for the preparation of ATV extemporaneous oral suspension. The HPLC method was found to have linearity covering the range of 10–100 mg/ml with a correlation coefficient (r) greater than 0.99. Accuracy and precision were in the range of 99–110% and below 11 %RSD, respectively. The pH and viscosity of the developed formulation stored under ambient and refrigerated temperatures did not differ over 7 d, while the re-dispersibility time of the formulation stored in refrigerator shifted to higher more slowly than the formulation stored at ambient temperature. The % ATV remaining over 7 d was 92.02–106.67% at 30±2 °C and 99.64–107.58% at 4±2 °C. After being subjected to stress conditions, ATV remained stable under oxidation and alkaline conditions, while it significantly degraded under acidic conditions, remaining 24.27%.
Conclusion: The developed ATV extemporaneous oral suspension using a suspension vehicle containing 0.6% SCMC was chemically stable for at least 7 d at 30±2 °C and 4±2 °C. However, this formulation should be preferably stored at refrigerator temperature for use within 7 d to maintain both chemical and physical stability. The formulation was not stable under acid-stress conditions.
DESIGN, OPTIMIZATION (23FACTORIAL DESIGN), AND EVALUATION OF CARVEDILOL FAST DISSOLVING TABLETS BY EMPLOYING SOURSOP STARCH AS A NEW NATURAL SUPERDISINTEGRANT
Authors: MATTA VASUDEVA REDDY , RADA SANTOSH KUMAR
Published: January 2025

Objective: The study objective is to focus on the isolation of the Soursop Starch (SSS) from the fruit pulp of Annona muratica (Soursop) used as a natural super disintegrating agent in the carvedilol formulation of Fast-Dissolving Tablets (FDTs) using (23) factorial design.
Methods: The SSS was isolated from the fruits of Annona muratica (Annonaceae family) by using sedimentation and centrifugation techniques. The physicochemical properties of the SSS were assessed. A direct compression method was employed to prepare Carvedilol Fast-Dissolving Tablets (C-FDTs). The factorial design was adopted at two levels (0 and 5 %) of superdisintegrant, and the dependent variables are SSS, psyllium husk, and Sodium Starch Glycolate (SSG). The Critical Quality Attributes (CQA) were measured for all eight formulations, including Disintegration Time (DT), Wetting Time (WT), % Drug Dissolved in 10 Min (PD10) and dissolution efficiency. The finished C-FDTs were evaluated for different test parameters like drug content, water absorption ratio, weight variation, hardness, dissolution, dissolution efficiency at 10 min, and stability studies for optimized formulation.
Results: The isolated SSS was found to be insoluble in water and other inorganic solvents, and its swelling index, viscosity, bulk density, and tapped density were found to be satisfactory. The critical quality attributes like DT (22±1.38 sec), WT (24±0.58 sec), and PD10 (99.05±0.21 %) were found to be satisfactory for the optimized formulation (F2). The dissolution efficiency (F2) at a 10 min time point was found to be 44 times higher than that of the F1 formulation.
Conclusion: C-FDTs were successfully designed and optimized by employing the SSS as a natural superdisintegrant which exhibited a better % of the drug release in 10 min with good DT, dissolution efficiency, and all other FDT characteristics.
CILNIDIPINE-LOADED TRANSDERMAL NANOEMULSION-BASED GEL: SYNTHESIS, OPTIMISATION, CHARACTERISATION, AND PHARMACOKINETIC EVALUATION
Authors: GAIKWAD MAHESH T. , MARATHE RAJENDRA P.
Published: January 2025

Objective: The aim of the study was to enhance transdermal flux and bioavailability, thereby reforming the effectiveness of drug delivery by synthesising and characterising cilnidipine-loaded nanoemulsion-based gel.
Methods: The research was conducted with meticulous planning and execution. After preformulation studies, cilnidipine-loaded nanoemulsions were synthesised using probe sonication and optimised by a 2-factor central composite design. The optimised nanoemulsions were loaded in Carbopol 940 and HPMC K4M gelling system. The optimised nanoemulsions were characterised for droplet size, zeta potential, viscosity, refractive index, pH and TEM, and cilnidipine-loaded nanoemulsion gels were characterised for clarity, homogeneity, consistency, spreadability, extrudability, pH, viscosity, in vitro diffusion study, dermal toxicity, and pharmacokinetic profiling. The process was accurately planned and accomplished at each step to ensure the precision and reliability of the results.
Results: The findings of this research are not just significant; they are groundbreaking. The steady-state flux values observed ranged from 35.71±1.27 µg/cm²/h to 107.7±2.04 µg/cm²/h for DOE_CiL_1 to 9 and 40.88±1.44 µg/cm²/h to 80.64±1.38 µg/cm²/h for NEn_CiL_GeL_1 to 4. These results underscore the diverse efficacy of different formulations in facilitating drug delivery through the skin. The pharmacokinetics profile of cilnidipine also showed remarkable changes. The Cmax for the cilnidipine tablet was 332.3±14.2 ng/ml, whereas it significantly increased (p<0.05) to 593.00±24.8 ng/ml in the nanoemulsion gel, demonstrating a substantial enhancement in drug concentration. Additionally, the AUC0-12 showed a significant (p<0.05) increase from 1279±34.1 ng/ml. h with the tablet to 1922.50±162.8 ng/ml. h with the nanoemulsion gel. The AUC0-∞ also increased from 1395.5±156.7 ng/ml·h for the tablet to 1962.30±174.9 ng/ml. h for the nanoemulsion gel, further confirming the improved bioavailability of cilnidipine with the nanoemulsion gel. These significant bioavailability improvements cause excitement about the potential impact of this research, which could revolutionise transdermal drug delivery systems in the pharmaceutical business, leading to more effective and efficient drug delivery methods.
Conclusion: The results of this novel study are not only promising but also hold the potential to be transformative. The significant improvement in transdermal flux from the cilnidipine-loaded nanoemulsion gel reveals a substantial increase in the drug's bioavailability. This breakthrough could eliminate several drawbacks of cilnidipine, like first-pass fate and poor solubility, and provide a safer, more convenient delivery method for managing hypertension.
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF ORTHOGONAL POLYNOMIALS AND FUNCTIONS WITH APPLICATION IN FILTER DESIGN
Authors: Danković Nikola , Nikolić Saša S , Antić Dragan , Spasić Miodrag , Đekić Petar
Published: January 2025

This paper presents some of the results and contributions to the theory of orthogonal polynomials, orthogonal functions and corresponding filters, achieved in the last fifteen years. This theory is based on new definitions and specific generalisations of orthogonal functions and polynomials derived directly in the complex domain. The main objective of this paper is to enable some new applications of orthogonal polynomials in the identification, modelling, signal processing and control of dynamical systems. Accordingly, the paper is divided into seven sections. All central chapters, which describe specific classes of orthogonal polynomials and functions, begin with a brief mathematical background and proposed forms for filter design. In this paper, we give some main results for classical, almost, improved almost, quasi-, generalised and their applications in filter design.
Factor Associate with Early Initiation and Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice During the First Six Months of Age at Ghorahi, Dang, Nepal.
Authors:   Vice-Chancellor, Rapti Academy of Health Sciences, Ghorahi, Dang, Nepal, Lamichhane Bikash , Lamichhane Basant ,   Departement of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rapti Academy of Health Sciences, Ghorahi, Dang, Nepal, Darlami Radha ,   Institutional Review Committee, Rapti Academy of Health Sciences, Ghorahi, Dang, Nepal, Bhattarai Stuti ,   Research Assistant, Rapti Academy of Health Sciences, Ghorahi, Dang, Nepal, Pokhrel Bishal ,   HOD, Departement of Community Medicine, Repti Academy of Health Sciences, Ghorahi, Dang, Nepal
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Breastfeeding is the right for the new born infant and should be feed with in first hour after birth.
Exclusive breastfeeding promotes optimal neonate and infant growth as it contributes to 100% of the daily nutrition
requirements. Exclusive breastfeeding protects the neonates and infants from various communicable and noncommunicable diseases. In additional it reduce total family and social expenditure, reduce health care cost, which is
the single most cost-effective intervention for reducing child mortality in resource constrained setting like Nepal.
Knowledge of the mothers on breastfeeding practice also hinders early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding practice.
The aim of the study is “To assess the prevalence of early initiation on breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding on
mother of 6 to 11 months of age children who visiting the immunization clinic of Rapti Academy of Health Sciences.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Rapti Academy of Health Sciences, Ghorahi, Dang, Nepal. Total
340 children of 6 to 11 months mothers were included in the study. The semi-structured questionnaire was used,
include socio-demographic variables, knowledge and practice on early initiation on breastfeeding and exclusive
breastfeeding are the tools for data collection. All collected data were analyzed by using SPSS-25 version software.
Chi-square test was applied to measure association between knowledge and practice on early initiation on
breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding. P-value is set at alpha α=0.05.
Results: Out of 340 respondents 204(60%) respondents don’t know timing of early initiation of breastfeeding. In
practice of early initiation of breastfeeding 178(52.4%) respondents practice to breastfeeding their child within an
hour. 339(99.7%) respondents ha knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding. 210(61.8%) respondents practice more
than 12 time for exclusive breastfeeding per day. Mode of delivery and birth order of children are strongly association
with knowledge and practice on early initiation on breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding.
Conclusion: The participants are aware of colostrum and exclusive breastfeeding benefits but lack knowledge on
early initiation. The mode of delivery and birth order significantly influence early and exclusive breastfeeding,
highlighting the need for targeted education.
Keywords: EBF, RAHS, WHO, Breastfeeding, Association
Histopathological finding on appendectomy at tertiary care center
Authors:   Department of General Surgery, Rapti Academy of Health Sciences, Ghorahi, Dang, Nepal, Panthi Janardan , Shahi Dinesh ,   Department of General Surgery, Rapti Academy of Health Sciences, Ghorahi, Dang, Nepal, Majagaiyan Samir ,   Department of Pathology, Rapti Academy of Health Sciences, Ghorahi, Dang, Nepal, Chhatkuli Jenice ,   Department of Pathology, Rapti Academy of Health Sciences, Ghorahi, Dang, Nepal, Pokhrel Bishal ,   Department of Community Medicine, Rapti Academy of Health Sciences, Ghorahi, Dang, Nepal
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common acute abdominal problem that needs surgical
intervention. Emergency appendectomy is one of the most common surgical procedure performed worldwide in
department of general surgery. Diagnosis of acute appendicitis is often difficult and requires a combination of
clinical, laboratory, and imaging studies. Ultrasound is commonly used as a first line diagnostic tool, with a high
sensitivity and specificity. Computerized Tomography is also done whenever dilemma in diagnosis. This study aims
to explore the histopathological findings of appendix after appendicectomy at Rapti Academy of Health Sciences
(RAHS).
Methods: Retrospective, registry based data conducted on appendix specimens of patients who underwent
appendicectomy for acute appendicitis from September 2023 to September 2024. Similarly, other study variables
have been extracted from the record file maintained at the medical record section of RAHS. A total of
260specimensof appendix examination were found in hospital record and patient’s age above 15 years were included.
Incomplete case with missing data was excluded.
Results: The majority of the patients were 15 to 25 years of age, male were higher than female in numbers. The major
histopathological findings was benign and in female it was 53.0%. Malignant condition in female were lesser than
male. The benign condition was highest and Low Grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm (LAMN) condition was
lesson histopathological findings of appendix.
Conclusion: The study concluded that majority of the patients were between 15 to 25 years of age where male
were54.8%and female45.2%. The majority of the histopathological finding of the appendix were benign, in female it
was 53.0% and in male 47.0% respectively. In malignant condition female was 42.9% and male 57.1% respectively.
Keywords: Appendectomy, Histopathological, LAMN, RAHS
La suspensión ejecutiva de gobernadores y alcaldes en Colombia en los estados de conmoción interior: violación a los artículos 23.2 y 27.2 de la Convención Americana
Authors: Duarte Martinez Carlos Arturo
Published: January 2025

La Ley 137 de 1994 le atribuye al presidente de la República de Colombia, durante el estado de conmoción interior, la competencia de suspender a los gobernadores de los departamentos y a los alcaldes de los municipios, y a los primeros a los segundos, “cuando contribuyan a la perturbación del orden, u obstaculicen la acción de la fuerza pública, o incumplan las órdenes que al respecto emita su superior”. Tales hipótesis se pueden subsumir en diferentes delitos o faltas disciplinarias, pero los gobernadores y alcaldes frente a suspensiones ejecutivas que resulten arbitrarias no cuentan con garantías judiciales para defender su derecho al sufragio pasivo. Aquí se demuestra que dicha suspensión viola la reserva judicial que ampara a los derechos políticos en los términos de los artículos 23.2 y 27.2 de la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos, y se propone una interpretación conforme para que dicha competencia no se ejerza violando obligaciones convencionales.
La Guardia Nacional. Su transformación constitucional como Fuerza Armada permanente dependiente de la Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional con funciones de apoyo a la seguridad pública
Authors: Otero Varela Juan Manuel
Published: January 2025

A dos años de su creación, se modifica el diseño constitucional de la Guardia Nacional, para ser considerada parte de la Fuerza Armada permanente dependiente operativa y administrativamente de la Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, con funciones de apoyo a la seguridad pública, reconociendo a su personal las mismas prestaciones, deberes, restricciones y jurisdicción que corresponden a las fuerzas armadas.
Car Parking System
Authors: Mounika J Vidya
Published: January 2025

Car Parking Monitoring System Using VGG16 project is a Car Parking Monitoring System that uses computer vision
and deep learning to detect whether parking spaces are occupied or free. The system works by analyzing video footage of a
parking lot, using a pre-trained VGG16 model to identify if there are cars in specific parking spots. This system is designed to
help parking lot owners or businesses keep track of parking space usage from video recordings. It offers an easy way to monitor
parking lot occupancy automatically.
Harmonizing Beauty: A Comparative Study of Western and Indian Approaches to Aesthetics
Authors: Khanam Bushra
Published: January 2025

Aesthetics is an intricate field of philosophical inquiry that attempts to define and explore the nature of beauty, art, and
taste. Within Western and Indian intellectual traditions, aesthetic theories have evolved to serve different cultural, philosophical,
and spiritual functions. This paper offers a comparative study of Western and Indian aesthetic discourses, tracing their
foundational theories, key philosophical perspectives, and how they have informed artistic practice. From the Western emphasis
on reason, representation, and mimesis, to the Indian focus on emotional engagement and transcendence, this study provides an
analytical lens for understanding the complexity and diversity of global aesthetic thought. It also highlights how these traditions
have interacted and influenced one another, leading to an integrated vision of aesthetics in contemporary contexts.
Creating a Virtual Event Platform Using MERN Stack
Authors: Tirth Sneha
Published: January 2025

This research explores the development of a virtual event platform tailored to academics, industry professionals, and
global participants. Built on the MERN stack (MongoDB, Express, React, NodeJS) with integrated augmented reality (AR) and
cloud services, the platform enables users to host and attend events such as webinars, conferences, exhibitions, and training
programs. Key features include AR for immersive 3D interactions, live Q&A sessions, content customization, and scalable
architecture to support diverse user requirements. The platform addresses challenges related to cross-device compatibility,
internet bandwidth variability, and user support, ensuring an inclusive and engaging experience.
Categories: Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR/VR), Security Education and Awareness, Web development
Phishing Detection in Advanced QR Code Attacks: Challenges and AI-Driven Solutions
Authors: Trivedi Aayush
Published: January 2025

QR code-based phishing attacks have emerged as a significant cybersecurity threat, exploiting traditional email
security solutions that fail to detect QR-based phishing since they contain neither embedded links nor text-based URLs. This
paper explores the challenges of QR phishing attacks, analyses why current security mechanisms are ineffective, and proposes
an AI-driven detection framework. A dataset-driven approach is adopted to assess detection accuracy, with experimental
evaluations comparing traditional, machine learning, and hybrid AI-based detection techniques.
Undergraduate Students’ Knowledge Regarding Blood Donation: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Dwivedi Sachin
Published: January 2025

Background: Blood donation has everlasting problems in India. there is a higher dependency on voluntary blood
donation to fulfil the necessary requirement of blood across the country. The main reasons were found for limited donation are
misconception, fear of transmitting diseases, ill health and negative attitude. There is need to develop an action plan for
implementation of teaching-training and awareness program, mass education, social group involve ment to fulfil the demand of
blood in India.
Aims: The study aimed to determine limiting factor and knowledge regarding blood donation among undergraduate students.
Materials and methods: A cross sectional study were conducted among 100 undergraduate students in Government Polytechnic
College of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. In systematic random sampling method, every 3rd student (out of 300) was randomly
selected. Data collection was done using structured questionnaires.
Results: In study participants, only 5 % had good, 32% had poor and 63 % had average knowledge regarding blood donation.
The mean score was found 12.1 ±3.52. There were significant association found between knowledge level and area of residence,
monthly family income, knowledge about blood group and previous knowledge about blood donation.
Conclusion: There is intense necessity to disseminate knowledge and awareness on blood donation. This will help to change the
attitude of public towards blood donation in India.
Human Face Recognition Based Employee Attendance System
Authors: K M Bheemesha
Published: January 2025

The Face Recognition-based Employee Attendance System automates the process of tracking attendance by using facial
recognition technology. Developed with Flask and utilizing the face_recognition and DeepFace libraries, this system accurately
identifies employees and records their attendance in real time. It also features an admin interface that allows for easy
management of employee records and the generation of attendance reports. This solution boosts efficiency, minimizes errors,
and enhances workplace security by automating the attendance logging process.
M-ary Pulse Ampplitude Modulation Recognition Using Discrete Meyer Wavelet and Reverse Biorthogonal Wavelet
Authors: Hadi Athab Hamed  , Ahmed Kareem ABDULLAH
Published: January 2025

Automatic modulation recognition (AMR) is a fundamental task in communication systems. Feature extraction (FE) is an essential part in the recognition system,the proper selection of FE will enhance the recognition accuracy, and reduce the complexity of the system. In this paper, Reverse Biorthogonal wavelet (RBW), andDiscrete Meyer Wavelet (DMW), followed by standard deviation are used for FE. They are used to reduce the FE sets, and complexity of the recognition system.Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference system is used as a classifier, to classify the,M-ary Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) signals (i.e.4PAM, 8PAM, 16PAM, 32PAM, 64PAM, and128PAM), in a wide range of signal to noise ratio (SNR). MATLAB programs were used to fulfill all the requested tasks.The results show that the recognition system of M-ary (PAM) signals exhibits a satisfactory level under low SNR, and the system can achieve success rates over 98% in SNR  ( from -2 to 12) dB.
Design and Analysis of Novel Full Adder using ECRAAL
Authors: S.Nagaraj  , G. M. Sreerama Reddy  , S. Aruna Mastani
Published: January 2025

In VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) design, adders are digital circuits that perform arithmetic operations, specifically addition, on binary numbers. They are used in many applications, including microprocessors, digital signal processors, and memory systems. An adder is composed of logic gates that take two binary numbers as inputs and produce a binary sum as output. In this paper we have designed and analysed A novel Full Adder circuit by using asychronous adiabatic Logic. ECRAAL means Efficient Charge Recovery Asychronous Adiabatic Logic which combines the ECRL and AAL. ECRAAL is used for implementing Full Adder circuit. The designed ECRAAL Full Adder circuit is compared with the existing ECRL adiabatic Logic in terms of speed, area and power. The Full Adder IS implemented by using TANNER Tools for 250nm Technology. The Novel Full adder has shown improvement in performance. It has decreased 14.71% average power and 50.49% maximum power as compared to ECRL.
Influence of Learning Independence, Gender, and Mathematical Beliefs on Mathematical Proof
Authors: Yuliana Wahyu , Waluyo Mohamad
Published: January 2025

This research aims to determine the influence of learning independence, gender, and mathematical beliefs on mathematical proof. This research uses a survey method with correlational analysis. The population in this study were students from one of the Ngawen 1 High Schools and sampling using the Purposive Sampling technique for this research was students in classes X.6, X.8, and XI.9. The instruments used are mathematics proof tests and non-test instruments in the form of independence learning questionnaires and mathematics beliefs questionnaires using the Linkert Scale. Data analysis was carried out using the SPSS 23.0 program, consisting of descriptive analysis, data analysis prerequisite tests, and hypothesis testing. This research concludes that together learning independence, gender, and mathematical beliefs have an effect on mathematical proofs, learning independence has a positive effect on mathematical proofs, gender has no effect on mathematical proofs, mathematical beliefs have no effect on mathematical proofs, students in class X.6, X.8 and XI.9 SMA N 1 Ngawen.
FRONT COVER AL-BALAGH: JURNAL DAKWAH DAN KOMUNIKASI VOLUME 9 ISSUE 2 2024
Authors: Saifuddin Ahmad
Published: January 2025

FRONT COVER AL-BALAGH: JURNAL DAKWAH DAN KOMUNIKASI VOLUME 9 ISSUE 2 2024
BACK MATTER AL-BALAGH: JURNAL DAKWAH DAN KOMUNIKASI VOLUME 9 ISSUE 2 2024
Authors: Saifuddin Ahmad
Published: January 2025

BACK MATTER AL-BALAGH: JURNAL DAKWAH DAN KOMUNIKASI VOLUME 9 ISSUE 2 2024
A simple method for identification of native collagen by reversed-polarity electrophoresis: Short report
Authors: Chopin-Doroteo Mario , Mendoza Luís , Lima Enrique , Krötzsch Edgar
Published: January 2025

The high molecular weight of collagen and the high uncommon amino acid
composition (proline and hydroxyproline) make the protein particular at
structural and physicochemical levels compared to others. Polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis (PAGE) is a simple and inexpensive method to identify
collagen integrity; however, native forms of proteins generally show low
quality bands. In this work, we considered the charge of the protein to
perform a very simple method to identify the native form of type I collagen,
exhibiting an appropriate electrophoretic resolution. First, we determined
the collagen charge at different pHs and then modified a previously
published method by changing the gel buffer and reversing the polarity of
the electrophoresis chamber by turning the power cords; now the protein was
moved from the anode to the cathode. The result was well-resolved protein
bands that maintained their classical structure without degradation after
PAGE, which were confirmed by extracting the protein from the native-PAGE
and electrophoresing it in a sodium dodecyl sulphate-PAGE. This advantage
could be useful when the electrophoresed native collagen is used by Western
blotting for recognition with antibodies.
Automated diagnosis and classification of metacarpal and phalangeal fractures using a convolutional neural network: a retrospective data analysis study
Authors: Axenhus Michael , Wallin Anna , Havela Jonas , Severin Sara , Karahan Ablikim , Gordon Max , Magnéli Martin
Published: January 2025

Background and purpose: Hand fractures are commonly presented in emergency departments, yet diagnostic errors persist, leading to potential complications. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in fracture detection has shown promise, but research focusing on hand metacarpal and phalangeal fractures remains limited. We aimed to train and evaluate a convolutional neural network (CNN) model to diagnose metacarpal and phalangeal fractures using plain radiographs according to the AO/OTA classification system and custom classifiers.Methods: A retrospective analysis of 7,515 examinations comprising 27,965 images was conducted, with datasets divided into training, validation, and test datasets. A CNN architecture was based on ResNet and implemented using PyTorch, with the integration of data augmentation techniques.Results: The CNN model achieved a mean weighted AUC of 0.84 for hand fractures, with 86% sensitivity and 76% specificity. The model performed best in diagnosing transverse metacarpal fractures, AUC = 0.91, 100% sensitivity, 87% specificity, and tuft phalangeal fractures, AUC = 0.97, 100% sensitivity, 96% specificity. Performance was lower for complex patterns like oblique phalangeal fractures, AUC = 0.76.Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that a CNN model can effectively diagnose and classify metacarpal and phalangeal fractures using plain radiographs, achieving a mean weighted AUC of 0.84. 7 categories were deemed as acceptable, 9 categories as excellent, and 3 categories as outstanding. Our findings indicate that a CNN model may be used in the classification of hand fractures.
Birth Outcomes of Infants Born to Mothers with Alopecia Areata: A Nationwide Population-based Study in Korea
Authors: Shin Jung-Won , Kang Taeuk , Swan Heather , Paik Kyungho , Huh Chang-Hun , Kim Hyun Jung
Published: January 2025

Data on pregnancy outcomes in patients with alopecia areata (AA) are limited. The aim of this study is to determine the association between maternal AA and risk of adverse birth outcomes in children. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 45,328 children born to mothers with AA and 4,703,253 controls born to mothers without AA using the Korean National Health Insurance Claims database from 2002 to 2016. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between maternal AA and the birth outcomes of their children. Infants born to mothers with AA exhibited a significantly higher risk of preterm birth (odds ratio [OR] 1.39, 95% CI 1.33–1.45; adjusted OR [aOR] 1.07, 95% CI 1.01–1.13), low birthweight (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.30–1.42; aOR 1.11, 95% CI 1.05–1.17), and Caesarean section birth (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.22–1.26; aOR 1.12, 95% CI 1.08–1.15) than controls. In addition, the risk of congenital malformations was also significantly higher in infants born to mothers with AA (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.15–1.22; aOR 1.10, 95% CI 1.07–1.14), especially for malformations of the urinary (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.19–1.48; aOR 1.16, 95% CI 1.04–1.29) and musculoskeletal (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.12–1.27; aOR 1.12, 95% CI 1.05–1.19) systems, than controls. Maternal AA is associated with an increased risk of adverse birth outcomes in infants.
Relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms in stroke survivors: a cross-sectional study of 1,140 individuals
Authors: Wang Yihao , Chen Jiali , Zou Yanwei , Yang Mengshu , Kong Xiaoyun , Wang Ling , Xue Jingyuan , Dong Ci
Published: January 2025

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms in stroke survivors.
Design: A cross-sectional study utilizing National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2018 data, employing propensity score matching to control for confounders.
Patients: 1,140 stroke survivors from NHANES, assessing depressive symptoms through the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) conducted via family interview or a mobile examination centre examination.
Methods: PA was surveyed concurrently with the PHQ-9, categorized into vigorous, moderate, and moderate-to-vigorous intensities. Propensity score matching was used to match participants based on their activity levels, and the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms was analysed by logistic regression.
Results: Among all the subjects, 225 individuals had significant depressive symptoms. If vigorous-intensity PA duration is longer than 75 min (odds ratio [OR] = 0.41, 95% CI 0.21–0.75) or longer than 150 min (OR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.19–0.85), and moderate-intensity physical activity duration is longer than 150 min (OR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.38–0.90) or between 150 and 300 min (OR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.15–0.77), and moderate-to-vigorous PA duration is greater than 150 min (OR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.40–0.91) or exceeding 300 min (OR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.31–0.78), this might be associated with lower depressive symptoms.
Conclusion: Regular physical activity, particularly of moderate or higher intensity, is associated with milder depressive symptoms in stroke survivors, suggesting the potential for non-pharmacological intervention.
Study on the multifield coupling mechanism in laser cladding of 316L under different elevation angles of the laser head
Authors: Sun Han , Li Chang , Han Xing , Wang Cong
Published: January 2025

The key to repair and strengthen mechanical parts based on laser cladding technology lies in the preparation of an excellent cladding layer. However, the shape of general mechanical parts is relatively complex, involving the intersection of various curved structures. It is significant to explore the instantaneous action mechanism of multifield coupling during the cladding process under different elevation angles of the laser head for the preparation of the high-quality cladding layer. In this paper, a multifield coupled numerical model of laser cladding 316L powder under different elevation angles of the laser head was established, and the instantaneous evolution of multifield coupled laser cladding under different elevation angles was revealed. The calculation shows that the elevation angle of the laser head has significant effects on the temperature field and flow field but has relatively weak effects on the stress field and phase transition field. The thickness and depth of the cladding layer can be effectively regulated by changing the elevation angle of the laser head. This study provides a significant theoretical basis for determining the control parameters of cladding layer morphology and lays a significant theoretical foundation for expanding the extensive application of laser cladding technology in the field of repair and strengthening.
Intimate Partner Violence in Male Same-Sex Couples
Authors: M Weinberg
Published: January 2025

The vast majority of research on intimate partner violence has focused on opposite-sex relationships. There is evidence that
suggests that the experience of male same-sex couples is very similar to opposite-sex couple populations. Rates of intimate
partner violence occurring in male same-sex relationships occur at levels equal to or greater than rates in heterosexual
relationships. The systemic factors encompassing male same-sex intimate partner violence are multifaceted, permeating the
individual throughout many levels of his ecological environment. While existing research and evidence-based prevention
intervention programs are still limited or in development, efforts to operationalize organizational and governmental policies
and practices are underway to accommodate, rather than ignore, the unique needs, issues, and concerns of gay/bisexual male
survivors of intimate partner violence.
Help and Support for Families with Alcohol Problems in Poland
Authors: Przybysz-Zaremba Małgorzata
Published: January 2025

Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the forms of help and support offered to families with alcohol problems by
social workers employed in social welfare institutions and self-help groups, as well as find out what types of support are most
often used by the surveyed families.
Method: The text presents forms of help and support for families with alcohol problems. The survey was conducted with
the use of proprietary research tools among 58 social workers and 105 people/ families with alcohol problems. Results:
Research has shown that social workers offer families with alcohol problems various forms of help and support, as specified
in the Social Welfare Act, the two most often declared being specialist counseling and financial assistance and support, while
self-help groups offer families with alcohol problems joint conversations and exchange of life experiences of people attending
self-help groups, a conversation with a therapist and, above all, the implementation of the 12 Step Program.
Conclusions: Families with an alcohol problem use various forms of help and support offered by social welfare institutions,
as well as psychotherapeutic counseling centers and self-help groups, the most often used form of help and support belongs
to the so-called ‘unprofessional form of help’, proposed by self-help groups, whose impact - in the opinion of respondents -
provides the best results. At the end of the text there are conclusions and proposals for changes for the practice of social work.
Preliminary Findings from an Effort to Increase Black Student Recruitment, Retention, and Completion of Medical School
Authors: GA Downer , D Bailey , R Gonzalez
Published: January 2025

Background: Black physicians are underrepresented in the healthcare workforce, accounting for only 5% of all physicians in
active practice, whereas Blacks comprise 13% of the nation’s population. There is also a dearth of Blacks who are successful in
applying to and completing medical school. Numerous studies show that Blacks are more likely to live in medically underserved
areas and to prefer being treated by providers of color. Thus, the underrepresentation of Blacks in the physician workforce
can be a factor in the perpetuation of health inequities. Howard University College of Medicine, a Center of Excellence (CoE),
funded by the Bureau of Health Workforce (BHW) at the Health Resources and Services Administration, was launched to
increase the number of Blacks who complete medical school and promote a more diverse physician workforce.
Objectives: To design, implement, and evaluate a virtual curriculum and supportive programming that will enhance the
capacity of Black undergraduate students at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) to apply to and complete
medical school successfully.
Methods: Surveys and document review.
Results: Two years into our project, we have been particularly successful in assisting students already enrolled in medical
school to achieve high national medical examination pass rates. However, we will need to sustain efforts to prime the pipeline
by supporting higher numbers of undergraduates to successfully apply to medical school.
Discussion: Our study aligns with programmatic goals to strengthen the physician workforce by diversifying it. The preliminary
findings demonstrate that completing medical school and entering the physician workforce is a multi-faceted challenge, beset
with financial burdens, and the need for sustained supportive environments.
Conclusions: Preliminary findings highlight the need for a comprehensive approach to identifying and addressing the needs
of this student population and providing targeted interventions.
Postoperative Evaluation of Patients Operated with the New Technique for Stress Urinary Incontinence
Authors: I Kaplan
Published: January 2025

Objectives: Our study aims to bring a new perspective to stress urinary incontinence surgery.
Material and Methods: 300 female patients diagnosed with stress incontinence urodynamically between January 2013 and
2023 were included in the study. The complete recovery status of the patients after the operation was examined. Our study is
based on a new surgical technique. Preoperative evaluation included history, physical examination, stress test, 1-hour pad test,
urine culture, 7-day voiding diary, residual urine measurement, and urodynamic examination. In postoperative evaluation,
intraoperative and postoperative complications such as stress test, 1-hour pad weighing test, operation time, urinary tract
infection, urination problems, de novo urgency symptoms, and urinary retention were taken into consideration. SPSS (IBM
SPSS for Windows, Ver.26) statistical package program was used for the statistical analysis of our study.
Results: The average age of the patients is 46.19. The average duration of stress incontinence in patients is 6.85 years.
Incontinence was observed in 6 patients after the operation. Complete cure was achieved in 294 of the patients and it was
found to be statistically significant (p=0.000). The success rate of the method was found to be 98% in our study. The changes
in the stress test and Q-type test results before and after the operation were found to be statistically significant (p=0.000).
The changes detected in the postoperative pad test were found to be statistically significant (p=0.004). Urinary retention was
observed in 12 patients due to the operation.
Conclusion: The success of our operation is quite high compared to the literature. It is an effective and safe method in the
treatment of stress incontinence.