bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“How to Save a Life”: A Premortem for Pediatric Digital Health
Authors: Psihogios Alexandra M. , Moscato Emily L. , Cummings Caroline , Canter Kimberly S. , Chen Diane , Coburn Shayna , Duncan Christina L. , Eaton Cyd K. , Essner Bonnie S. , Hannan Sinead , Ortega Adrian , Sayegh Caitlin S. , Stiles-Shields Colleen
Published: August 2024

Objective:

Digital health tools (e.g., apps, text messaging, telehealth, and social media) have been employed with pediatric populations for approximately two decades. As such, digital health is a scientifically mature field, ready for critical evaluation of the challenges and opportunities of using technology to equitably improve child health and health care. This commentary describes the application of a premortem exercise to forecast failures (i.e., “causes of death”) of pediatric digital health and strategies to prevent them.

Method:

With a convenience sample of trainees and early-, mid-, and later-career pediatric psychology professionals interested in digital health ( n = 14), we conducted a one-time, premortem exercise (i.e., a collaborative discussion to envision a failure and work backward) to brainstorm potential threats and opportunities for advancing pediatric digital health.

Results:

We came to consensus on five core themes related to digital health threats and opportunities: (a) We became stuck in proving efficacy and did not make an impact; (b) We assumed we knew more than youth and their families; (c) We replicated, exacerbated, or created new disparities compared to in-person care; (d) We underestimated the importance of a human touch; and (e) We did not know how to advocate for digital health as a clinical transformation.

Conclusion:

This commentary serves as a discussion point for identifying the strategic priorities of today (e.g., designing tools collaboratively with youth, planning for clinical implementation from inception) that can advance the development and impact of digital health tools and services for pediatric populations.

Implications for Impact Statement

With input from pediatric psychologists who participated in a one-time “premortem” exercise (i.e., a collaborative discussion to envision the failure of digital health and work backward), this commentary reflects on today’s challenges and recommendations for promoting youth health via digital health approaches (e.g., apps).
Fully tunable Fabry-Pérot cavity based on MEMS Sagnac loop reflector with ultra-low static power consumption
Authors: Park Young Jae , Her Man Jae , Jeong Youngjae , Choi Dong Ju , Kim Dong Uk , Lim Min Gi , Hong Myung Seok , Kwon Hyug Su , Yu Kyoungsik , Han Sangyoon
Published: August 2024

The Fabry-Pérot interferometer, a fundamental component in optoelectronic systems, offers interesting applications such as sensors, lasers, and filters. In this work, we show a tunable Fabry-Pérot cavity consisting of tunable Sagnac loop reflectors (SLRs) and phase shifters based on electrostatic microelectromechanical (MEMS) actuator. The fabrication process of the device is compatible with the standard wafer-level silicon photonics fabrication processes. This electrostatic actuation mechanism provides well-balanced, scalable pathways for efficient tuning methodologies. The extinction ratio of the continuously tunable SLRs’ reflectivity is larger than 20 dB. Full 2π phase shifting is achieved, and response times of all the components are less than 25 μs. Both actuators have extremely low static power, measuring under 20 fW and the energy needed for tuning is both below 20 pJ.
Development of working memory, processing speed, and psychosocial functions in patients with pediatric cancer
Authors: Schuerch Kirstin , Salzmann Saskia , Steiner Leonie , Lidzba Karen , Klein Andrea , Roessler Jochen , Everts Regula
Published: August 2024

Many patients after pediatric cancer suffer from long-term cognitive difficulties. This study investigates the development of cognitive and psychosocial functions between diagnosis and one year after cancer treatment and reveals insight into the association between cognitive and psychosocial development and various risk factors. This retrospective clinical record review included fifty-seven patients, aged 4–16 years, that were examined at the beginning of the cancer treatment (T1) and one year after cancer treatment (T2) to evaluate the development of working memory (WM), processing speed (PS), psychosocial functions, and quality of life (QoL). About half of the patients showed stable/favorable cognitive development (PS 51.9%; WM 41.4%). The other half exhibited a non-favorable cognitive development, with a decrease of performance between T1 and T2. In 51.6–77.4%, psychosocial functions remained stable/increased between T1 and T2 and QoL scores remained stable in 42.9–61.9%. Changes in prosocial behavior correlated with the development of PS (r = 0.472, p = 0.010). Age at T1 predicted PS at T2 (p = 0.020) and sex predicted peer relations at T2 (p = 0.046). About half of the patients showed stable/favorable whereas the other half experiencing non-favorable cognitive development. The observed disparities in initial and subsequent cognitive performances highlight the importance of early individualized patient monitoring and interventions.

Impact

We investigated the cognitive and psychosocial development of pediatric cancer patients between diagnosis and one year after termination of cancer treatment.

About half of the patients showed stable or favorable cognitive development in processing speed and working memory.

The other half exhibited a non-favorable cognitive development, with decreasing performance.

Baseline working memory and processing speed was negatively correlated with the respective change score.

Changes in prosocial behavior were positively correlated with the development of processing speed.

Early individualized patient monitoring and intervention is of crucial importance after pediatric cancer and its treatment.
An integrated dataset of near-surface Eulerian fields and Lagrangian trajectories from an ocean model
Authors: Elipot Shane , Faigle Eli , Arbic Brian K. , Shriver Jay F.
Published: August 2024

A dataset consisting of numerically simulated oceanic velocities and sea surface height changes, provided conjointly from Eulerian and Lagrangian points of view, is made available as cloud-optimized archives on a cloud storage platform for unrestricted access. The Eulerian component of the dataset comprises oceanic velocity components at 0 m and 15 m depth, as well as total and steric sea surface height changes, obtained at hourly time steps for one year, with an approximate horizontal resolution of 1/25 degree on an irregular global geographical spatial grid, from the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model. The Lagrangian component of the dataset comprises the trajectories of particles advected in the Eulerian velocity field of the model. The particles were advected forward and backward for 30 days from a regular 1/4 degree grid in order to achieve 60-day long trajectories at 0 m and 15 m depths, with start times separated by 30 days, in 11 releases. This integrated dataset may help to link Eulerian and Lagrangian observational perspectives.
A revised digital edition of Wurm & Hattori’s Language Atlas of the Pacific Area
Authors: Forkel Robert , Hammarström Harald
Published: August 2024

Wurm & Hattori’s Language Atlas of the Pacific Area describes the geographic speaker areas of the languages and language varieties spoken in the Pacific. Thanks to the efforts of the Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative, this monumental piece of work has been available in digital form for over 15 years. But lacking proper identification of language varieties, this digitized data was largely unusable for today’s research methods. We turned ECAI’s digitized artefacts of the Language Atlas into an open, reusable geo-referenced dataset of speaker area polygons for a quarter of the world’s languages. This allows for much more refined analysis methods to, for example, analyse language contact in the area of the world with the highest linguistic diversity. We also describe a number of tool applications and quality checks which may be useful for methodological development in similar digitization efforts.
The epidemiology of lung cancer in Hungary based on the characteristics of patients diagnosed in 2018
Authors: Kenessey István , Parrag Petra , Dobozi Mária , Szatmári István , Wéber András , Nagy Péter , Polgár Csaba
Published: August 2024

Among malignant diseases, lung cancer has one of the highest mortality and incidence. Most epidemiological studies conclude that Hungary faces the most severe burden in association with this disease. However, for various reasons estimates and population-based studies show discrepancies. In this study, an intense data cleansing was performed on lung cancer cases that were reported to the Hungarian National Cancer Registry in 2018, and the major clinico-pathological parameters as well as survival characteristics were described. Our population-based figures were compared to the European estimates. As a result of our thorough revision, the corrected incidence of lung cancer has fallen below the number of cases that were reported to the Registry from 11,746 to 9,519. We also demonstrate that Hungary did not show the highest incidence and mortality in Europe, but it is still among the ones with the worst raking countries, with 92.9 and 50.6 age standardized rate per 100 thousand capita among males and females, respectively. Analysis of the annually reported case numbers revealed a gender-specific difference in incidence trends: while from 2001 to 2019 it slightly decreased among males, it increased among females. The most dominant subtype was adenocarcinoma, which was more frequent among female patients. Unfortunately, most of the newly diagnosed cases were in advanced stage; thus, 5 year overall survival was 14.8%. We anticipate that in the longer term, a decrease in incidence and improvement in survival rates may be expected as a result of the development of primary and secondary prevention programs in the country.
Anhedonia severity mediates the relationship between attentional networks recruitment and emotional blunting during music listening
Authors: Cahart Marie-Stephanie , Giampietro Vincent , Naysmith Laura , Muraz Mathilde , Zelaya Fernando , Williams Steven C. R. , O’Daly Owen
Published: August 2024

Emotion studies have commonly reported impaired emotional processing in individuals with heightened anhedonic depressive symptoms, as typically measured by collecting single subjective ratings for a given emotional cue. However, the interindividual variation in moment-to-moment emotional reactivity, and associated time-varying brain networks recruitment as emotions are unfolding, remains unclear. In this study, we filled this gap by using the unique temporal characteristics of music to investigate behavioural and brain network dynamics as a function of anhedonic depressive symptoms severity. Thirty-one neurotypical participants aged 18–30 years completed anhedonic depression questionnaires and then continuously rated happy, neutral and sad pieces of music whilst undergoing MRI scanning. Using a unique combination of dynamic approaches to behavioural (i.e., emotion dynamics) and fMRI (i.e., leading eigenvector dynamics analysis; LEiDA) data analysis, we found that participants higher in anhedonic depressive symptoms exhibited increased recruitment of attentional networks and blunted emotional response to both happy and sad musical excerpts. Anhedonic depression mediated the relationship between attentional networks recruitment and emotional blunting, and the elevated recruitment of attentional networks during emotional pieces of music carried over into subsequent neutral music. Future studies are needed to investigate whether these findings could be generalised to a clinical population (i.e., major depressive disorder).
Human genomic DNA is widely interspersed with i-motif structures
Authors: Peña Martinez Cristian David , Zeraati Mahdi , Rouet Romain , Mazigi Ohan , Henry Jake Y , Gloss Brian , Kretzmann Jessica A , Evans Cameron W , Ruggiero Emanuela , Zanin Irene , Marušič Maja , Plavec Janez , Richter Sara N , Bryan Tracy M , Smith Nicole M , Dinger Marcel E , Kummerfeld Sarah , Christ Daniel
Published: August 2024

DNA i-motif structures are formed in the nuclei of human cells and are believed to provide critical genomic regulation. While the existence, abundance, and distribution of i-motif structures in human cells has been demonstrated and studied by immunofluorescent staining, and more recently NMR and CUT&Tag, the abundance and distribution of such structures in human genomic DNA have remained unclear. Here we utilise high-affinity i-motif immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing to map i-motifs in the purified genomic DNA of human MCF7, U2OS and HEK293T cells. Validated by biolayer interferometry and circular dichroism spectroscopy, our approach aimed to identify DNA sequences capable of i-motif formation on a genome-wide scale, revealing that such sequences are widely distributed throughout the human genome and are common in genes upregulated in G0/G1 cell cycle phases. Our findings provide experimental evidence for the widespread formation of i-motif structures in human genomic DNA and a foundational resource for future studies of their genomic, structural, and molecular roles.
Uniform block copolymer nanofibers for the delivery of paclitaxel in 2D and 3D glioblastoma tumor models
Authors: Parkin Hayley C. , Shopperly Lennard K. , Perez Milena R. , Willerth Stephanie M. , Manners Ian
Published: August 2024

Chemotherapeutics remain the most commonly prescribed treatments, but new drug carriers are needed to increase delivery and reduce side effects.
A triple-mode strategy combining low-temperature photothermal, photodynamic, and chemodynamic therapies for treating infectious skin wounds
Authors: Ma Ruichen , Liu Shaopeng , Liu Genhua , Liu Peng , Cai Kaiyong
Published: August 2024

MOF@ICG NPs were prepared for treating bacterial infections and repairing skin wounds by a triple-mode strategy combining PTT/PDT/CDT.
Capture of RNA G-quadruplex structures using an l-RNA aptamer
Authors: Lam Sin Yu , Umar Mubarak Ishaq , Zhao Haizhou , Zhao Jieyu , Kwok Chun Kit
Published: August 2024

RNA G-quadruplexes (rG4s) play crucial roles in fundamental biological processes. We report a novel pulldown assay for rG4s using an l-Apt.4-1c aptamer and compare its performance with the BioTASQ v.1 ligand.
A two-stage extraction model for simultaneous extraction of essential oil and phenolics from tulsi leaves: implementing a blended mode microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity (MHG) model
Authors: Mukherjee Souvik , Chandrakar Monika , Gupta Pragya , Khan Altamash , Pal Riya , Dwivedi Apoorva , Chouhan Kavi Bhushan Singh , Das Sinchan , Patra Arjun , Mandal Vivekananda
Published: August 2024

The work is based on implementing a blend of high, medium, and sustained low power microwave heating for the extraction of essential oil from tulsi leaves using the principle of MHG.
Synthesis of alkynyl cyclopropa[c]coumarins via propargyl sulfonium salts as C1 synthons
Authors: Chandrasekar Lavanya , Hsieh Yun-Zhen , Chou Hao-Tse , Huang Yu-Chen , Liu Wei-Min
Published: August 2024

Herein, we present a novel approach for the preparation of alkynyl cyclopropa[c]coumarin derivatives with medium to good yields utilizing propargyl sulfonium salts as C1 synthons.
Direct trifluoromethylselenolations of electron-rich (hetero)aromatic rings with N-trifluoromethylselenolating saccharin
Authors: Gao Guiya , Xie Keyi , Shi Minghui , Gao Tao , Wang Zedong , Zhang Congcong , Wang Zhentao
Published: August 2024

A novel, easily synthesizable, shelf-stable electrophilic trifluoromethylselenolating reagent, N-trifluoromethylselenosaccharin, has been developed.
Photochemistry of 2-(2-formylphenyloxy)acetic acid derivatives: synthesis of hydroxychromanones and benzofuranones
Authors: Zhigileva Ekaterina A. , Opryshko Victoria E. , Eshtukov-Shcheglov Artur V. , Ivanov Dmitrii S. , Rudik Daniil I. , Mikhaylov Andrey A. , Ivanov Igor A. , Smirnov Alexander Yu. , Baranov Mikhail S.
Published: August 2024

2-(2-Formylphenoxy)acetic acid and its esters undergo photocyclization into chromanone and benzofuranone derivatives under 365 nm irradiation.
Au(iii)/TPPMS-catalyzed Friedel–Crafts benzylation of deactivated N-alkylanilines in water
Authors: Hikawa Hidemasa , Fukuda Akane , Kondo Kazuma , Nakayama Taku , Enda Tomokatsu , Kikkawa Shoko , Azumaya Isao
Published: August 2024

We demonstrate the Au(iii)/TPPMS-catalyzed Friedel–Crafts benzylation of deactivated anilines in water.
Recent advances in rational design, synthesis and application of metal–organic frameworks as visible-light-driven photocatalysts
Authors: Li Xu-Sheng , He Yu-Jie , Chen Jiao , Li Quan-Quan , Liu Ping , Li Jian-Li
Published: August 2024

This review comprehensively summarizes the advancements in MOF photocatalysts under visible light, covering construction, optimization and application. The existing challenges and future prospects in this area are also discussed.
Regioselective pyridazine synthesis from tetrazines and alkynyl sulfides
Authors: Yamamoto Chika , Numata Koyo , Suzuki Minori , Yoshida Suguru
Published: August 2024

A regioselective synthesis of trisubstituted pyridazines from tetrazines and alkynyl sulfides is disclosed. Good transformability of sulfur-substituents allowed us to synthesize various pyridazines.
Enantioselective construction of planar, axially and central chiral ferrocenyl phosphines via a Pd-catalyzed domino reaction and diastereoselective phosphination
Authors: Gao Congyu , Ren Ting , Liu Yuanyuan , Meng Xiangkun , Liu Junpeng , Song Zeli , Hu Jianfeng , Yang Yong , Zhang Wen-Xiong , Zhang Hao
Published: August 2024

A family of both axially and planar chiral ferrocenes was prepared through a Pd-catalyzed domino reaction.
LaCo0.2Fe0.8O3 perovskites doped with natural Ca2+ as bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution and reduction reactions
Authors: Saad Islam , El-Dek S. I. , Eissa M. F. , Assaud Loïc , Amin Rafat M.
Published: August 2024

Perovskite oxides are promising electrocatalysts for various energy applications due to their exceptional catalytic activity, flexible architecture, and low cost.
Development of a paper-based fluorescent carbon quantum dots MIPs sensor for selective detection of lumpy skin disease virus
Authors: El-Husseini Dalia M. , Elmasry Dalia M. A. , Abo Hatab Eman M. , Kassem Samr
Published: August 2024

Preparation steps of a paper-based fluorescent carbon quantum dots MIPs sensor for selective detection of LSDV.
A flexible solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor device comprising cobalt hydroxide and biomass-derived porous carbon
Authors: Karmur Rajeshvari Samatbhai , Gogoi Debika , Das Manash R. , Ghosh Narendra Nath
Published: August 2024

High-performance flexible solid-state Co(OH)2//PC asymmetric supercapacitor device.
Black phosphorus hybrid films enabled by a covalently chemical and spatial hierarchical-locking effect for flexible supercapacitors with 100% cycling stability
Authors: Xin Xipeng , Xu Yifeng , Zhou Min , Liu Qingdong , Fan Jingyu , Chen Wei , Xu Jijin , Liu Jing , Gao Lian , Zhao Kunpeng , Song Xuefeng
Published: August 2024

A chemical and spatial hierarchical-locking strategy is developed to construct stable BP/c-CN@SCNT films for flexible supercapacitors (FSCs). The BP/c-CN@SCNT-based FSC exhibits a cycle stability with 100% capacitance retention after 50 000 cycles.
Insight into the activity of Ni-based thermal catalysts for dry reforming of methane
Authors: Wang Ziquan , Mei Ziyu , Wang Luyuan , Wu Qilong , Xia Changlei , Li Song , Wang Tianyi , Liu Chuangwei
Published: August 2024

The review summarizes recent research progresses and methods for tuning Ni-based thermocatalysts to improve the activity of dry reforming of methane.
Imparting hydrophobicity to a MOF on layered MXene for the selective, rapid, and ppb level humidity-independent detection of NH3 at room temperature
Authors: Ranjith Kugalur Shanmugam , Sonwal Sonam , Mohammadi Ali , Seeta Rama Raju Ganji , Oh Mi-Hwa , Huh Yun Suk , Han Young-Kyu
Published: August 2024

The designed H-MOF/MXene-based sensor had high selectivity for NH3 at RT, provided humidity-independent NH3 detection, and had high response with reliable characteristics.
A high-current and tunable moisture-enabled electric generator for wireless wearable electronics
Authors: Li Yumei , Tian Song , Chen Xiao , Liao Yifan , Jiang Fan , Ye Jin , He Yang , Gui Yingang , Lian Zheng , Liu Gang , Dai Jun , Li Linhua , Chen Jiang , Liu Sheng , Zhu Renbo , Lu Yuerui , Gao Mingyuan
Published: August 2024

Revolutionizing moisture-enabled power generation: high-current, flexible MEGs for sustainable wearable electronics.
Development and characterization of a novel poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based thermoresponsive photoink and its applications in DLP bioprinting
Authors: Perera Kalindu D. C. , Boiani Sophia M. , Vasta Alexandra K. , Messenger Katherine J. , Delva Sabrina , Menon Jyothi U.
Published: August 2024

Biomedical applications of the 3D-printed thermoresponsive hydrogels developed using our DLP-compatible versatile photoink.
Alleviating hypoxia and oxidative stress for treatment of cardiovascular diseases: a biomaterials perspective
Authors: Athmuri Durga Nandini , Bhattacharyya Jayanta , Bhatnagar Naresh , Shiekh Parvaiz Ahmad
Published: August 2024

Advanced approaches to alleviate hypoxic and oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases.
CoNi-bimetallic coordination polymers as catalyst for boosting oxygen evolution reaction activity
Authors: Du Jia , Liu Xueguo , Guo Meng , Li Bingke , Ye Hongyong , Chen Lixuan
Published: August 2024

One-dimensional CoxNi1−x–CAs with dual active sites offer a practical approach to enhancing the OER electrocatalytic performance.
Bis(corannulenyl)ethene as an efficient photochromic material
Authors: Imai Ryuta , Katao Shouhei , Asanoma Fumio , Kawai Tsuyoshi , Yamada Mihoko
Published: August 2024

A newly synthesized photochromic bis(corannulenyl)ethene shows high quantum yields for photocyclization and cycloreversion, with a sum of over 1, due to curved skeletons with several atropisomers. Photochromism in a polymer film is also demonstrated.
The curious case of 2MASS J15594729+4403595, an ultra-fast M2 dwarf with possible Rieger cycles
Authors: Messina S. , Catanzaro G. , Lanza A. F. , Gandolfi D. , Serrano M. M. , Deeg H. J. , García-Alvarez D.
Published: August 2024

Context. RACE-OC (Rotation and ACtivity Evolution in Open Clusters) is a project aimed at characterising the rotational and magnetic activity properties of the late-type members of open clusters, stellar associations, and moving groups of different ages. The evolution in time of rotation and activity at different masses sheds light on the evolution of the stellar internal structure, on magneto-hydrodynamic processes operating in the stellar interior, and on the coupling and decoupling mechanisms between the radiative core and the external convective envelope. As part of this project, in the present paper we present the results of an investigation of a likely member of the AB Doradus association, the M-type star 2MASS J15594729+4403595.

Aims. In the present study, we aim to reveal the real nature of our target, which turned out to be a hierarchical triple system, to derive the stellar rotation period and surface differential rotation, and to characterise its photospheric magnetic activity.

Methods. We have collected radial velocity and photometric time series, complemented with archive data, to determine the orbital parameters and the rotation period and we have used the spot modelling technique to explore what causes its photometric variability.

Results. We found 2MASS J15594729+4403595 to be a hierarchical triple system consisting of a dwarf, SB1 M2, and a companion, M8. The M2 star has a rotation period of P = 0.37 d, making it the fastest among M-type members of AB Dor. The most relevant result is the detection of a periodic variation in the spotted area on opposite stellar hemispheres, which resembles a sort of Rossby wave or Rieger-like cycles on an extremely short timescale. Another interesting result is the occurrence of a highly significant photometric periodicity, P = 0.443 d, which may be related to the stellar rotation in terms of either a Rossby wave or surface differential rotation.

Conclusions. 2MASS J15594729+4403595 may be the prototype of a new class of extremely fast rotating stars exibiting short Rieger-like cycles. We shall further explore what may drive these short-duration cycles and we shall also search for similar stars to allow for a statistical analysis.
New supernova remnant candidates in the LOFAR Two Metre Sky Survey
Authors: Tsalapatas K. , Arias M. , Shimwell T. , Rajwade K. , Hardcastle M. J. , Drabent A.
Published: August 2024

Context. In spite of their key role in galaxy evolution and several decades of observational efforts, the census of supernova remnants (SNRs) in our Galaxy remains incomplete. Theoretical predictions based on the local supernova rate estimate the expected number of SNRs in the Galaxy to be ≳1000. By contrast, the number of detected SNRs amounts to about 300. High-resolution, wide-area radio surveys at low frequencies are ideal tools with which to find missing SNRs, given the prominence of these sources at low radio frequencies.

Aims. We aim to find missing SNRs using proprietary data from the LOFAR Two-Metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) at 144 MHz.

Methods. We used LoTSS total intensity maps of two Galactic regions, one with 39° < l < 66° and |b| < 2.5°, and the other with 145° < l < 150° and |b| < 3°, in addition to mid-infrared (MIR) data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) all-sky survey to search for SNR candidates.

Results. We report the discovery of 14 new SNR candidates selected on the basis of their morphology at 144 MHz and a lack of MIR emission. We also follow up on 24 previously reported SNR candidates, inferring their spectral index between the LoTSS frequency (144 MHz) and the frequency at which they were reported. We confirm that 6 of these 24 sources have a non-thermal spectral index, whereas another 4 have a thermal index and are thus rejected as SNR candidates; our study is inconclusive regarding the remaining 14 sources. The majority of the new SNR candidates are small in angular size (<20’) and have low surface brightness at 1 GHz (≲10−21 W m−2 Hz−1 sr−1). Additionally, most of them are located in a Galactic region with 39° < l < 60° and |b| < 2.5°.

Conclusions. The high resolution and sensitivity of LoTSS observations has resulted in the detection of 14 new SNR candidates. In order to unambiguously confirm the SNR nature of these candidates, follow-up X-ray observations are required with facilities such as eROSITA.
Varying water activity and momentum transfer on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko from its non-gravitational forces and torques
Authors: Attree N. , Gutiérrez P. , Groussin O. , Bürger J. , Keller H. U. , Kramer T. , Lasagni Manghi R. , Läuter M. , Lemos P. , Markkanen J. , Marschall R. , Schuckart C.
Published: August 2024

Aims. We investigate the ability of a simultaneous fitting of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko’s non-gravitational forces, torques, and total water-outgassing rate, as observed by Rosetta, to constrain complex thermophysical models of cometary material.

Methods. We extend the previous work of fitting geographically defined surface outgassing models to the Rosetta observations by testing the effects of a more detailed geomorphological mapping, the resolution of the shape-model used, self-heating by neighbouring facets on the shape-model, thermal inertia in the outgassing solution, and the variation in the momentum coupling between the gas and the nucleus. We also directly compare the non-gravitational acceleration curves available in the literature.

Results. We correct an error in the calculation of pole-orientation in the previous paper. We find that, under the assumptions of the model, non-gravitational forces and torques are driven by water sublimation from the nucleus, thermal inertia and self-heating have only minor effects, spatially uniform activity cannot explain 67P’s non-gravitational dynamics, spatially uniform momentum transfer cannot explain 67P’s non-gravitational dynamics, and different terrain types have different instantaneous responses to insolation.

Conclusions. Consolidated terrain facing south on 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko has a high outgassing flux, a steep response to insolation, and a large gas momentum transfer coefficient. Instead, that facing north behaves differently, producing little to no water outgassing, and with a lower momentum transfer efficiency. Dusty terrain also has a lower outgassing rate and momentum transfer efficiency, and either depletes its volatile component or is buried in fall-back as the comet approaches the Sun. Momentum transfer appears correlated with insolation, likely due to an increased enhancement in the gas temperature as the dust it flows through is heated.
VEGAS-SSS: Tracing globular cluster populations in the interacting NGC 3640 galaxy group
Authors: Mirabile Marco , Cantiello Michele , Lonare Pratik , Ragusa Rossella , Paolillo Maurizio , Hazra Nandini , La Marca Antonio , Iodice Enrichetta , Spavone Marilena , Mieske Steffen , Rejkuba Marina , Hilker Michael , Riccio Gabriele , Habas Rebecca A. , Brocato Enzo , Schipani Pietro , Grado Aniello , Limatola Luca
Published: August 2024

Context. Globular clusters (GCs) are among the oldest stellar systems in the universe. As such, GC populations are valuable fossil tracers of galaxy formation and interaction history. This paper is part of the VEGAS-SSS series, which focuses on studying the properties of small stellar systems (SSSs) in and around bright galaxies.

Aims. We used the multiband wide-field images obtained with the VST to study the properties of the GC population in an interacting pair of galaxies.

Methods. We derived ugri photometry over 1.5 × 1.5 sq. degrees centered on the galaxy group composed of two elliptical galaxies: NGC 3640 and its fainter companion NGC 3641. We studied the GC system properties from both the ugri and gri matched catalogs. GC candidates were identified based on a combination of photometric properties (colors and magnitudes) and morphometric criteria (concentration index, elongation, FWHM, etc.), using sources with well-defined classifications from spectroscopic or imaging data available in the literature and numerical simulations as references. The selection criteria were also applied to empty fields to determine a statistical background correction for the number of identified GC candidates.

Results. The 2D density maps of GCs appear to align with the diffuse light patches resulting from the merging events of the galaxies. The highest density peak of GCs is observed to be on NGC 3641 rather than NGC 3640, despite the latter being the more massive galaxy. The azimuthal averaged radial density profiles in both galaxies reveal that the GC population extends beyond the galaxy light profile and this indicates the likely presence of an intra-group GC component. A color bimodality in (u − r) and (g − i) is observed for NGC 3641, whereas NGC 3640 shows a broad unimodal distribution. Analysis of the GC luminosity function indicates that both galaxies are roughly located at the same distance (∼27 Mpc). We provide an estimate of the total number of GCs, and determine the specific frequency for NGC 3640, SN = 2.0 ± 0.6, which aligns with expectations, while for NGC 3641 we find a large SN = 4.5 ± 1.6.
Excitation and spatial study of a prestellar cluster towards G+0.693-0.027 in the Galactic centre
Authors: Colzi L. , Martín-Pintado J. , Zeng S. , Jiménez-Serra I. , Rivilla V. M. , Sanz-Novo M. , Martín S. , Zhang Q. , Lu X.
Published: August 2024

Context. Star formation in the central molecular zone (CMZ) is suppressed with respect to that of the Galactic disk, and this is likely related to its high turbulent environment. This turbulence impedes the potential detection of prestellar cores.

Aims. We present the temperature, density, and spatial structure of the CMZ molecular cloud G+0.693-0.027, which has been proposed to host a prestellar cluster in the Sgr B2 region.

Methods. We analysed multiple HC3N rotational transitions that were observed with the IRAM 30m, APEX, Yebes 40m, and GBT radio telescopes, together with SMA+APEX spatially resolved maps.

Results. The spectral shape of HC3N lines shows three distinct velocity components: a broad component with a line width of 23 km s−1 (C1), and two narrow components with line widths of 7.2 and 8.8 km s−1 (C2 and C3). This suggests that a fraction of the molecular gas in this cloud is undergoing turbulence dissipation. From an initial local thermodynamic equilibrium analysis, we found column densities of N = (6.54 ± 0.07) × 1014 cm−2, (9 ± 3) × 1014 cm−2, and (3.6 ± 0.7) × 1013 cm−2 for C1, C2, and C3, respectively. These values were used as input for a subsequent non-local thermodynamic equilibrium analysis, in which we found H2 densities of 2 × 104 cm−3, 5 × 104 cm−3, and 4 × 105 cm−3 and kinetic temperatures of 140 K, 30 K, and 80 K for C1, C2, and C3, respectively. The spatially resolved maps confirm that the colder and high-density condensations C2 and C3, which peak in the 70–85 km s−1 velocity range, have deconvolved sizes of 9″ (0.36 pc) and 7.6″ (0.3 pc), respectively, and are embedded in a more diffuse and warmer gas (C1).

Conclusions. The larger-scale structure of the Sgr B2 region, consistently with previous works, shows a hole at 40–50 km s−1 that is likely due to a small cloud that shocked the Sgr B2 region and is spatially related with a massive cloud at 60–80 km s−1. We propose that the impacting small cloud sequentially triggered the formation of Sgr B2(M), (N), and (S) and the condensations in G+0.693-0.027 during its passage. The two condensations are in a post-shocked environment that has undergone internal fragmentation. Based on the analysis of their masses and the virial parameters, C2 might expand, while C3 might further fragment or collapse.
Medical surveillance of workers exposed to radon: new perspectives in lung cancer prevention
Authors: Taino G. , Delogu A. , Pintucci R , Semborowski L. , Oddone E. , Azzola L. , Solazzo. F.
Published: August 2024

Radon is produced by the radioactive decay of Radium 226 (226Ra), in turn produced by radioactive decay of Uranium 238 (238U), found in ores such as lave, tables, granites and pozzolane. Lung cancer is still a disease with a high mortality rate responsible, worldwide, for about one in five deaths due to cancer.
The health surveillance of workers exposed to Radon is aimed at the prevention and early diagnosis of lung cancer which represents, in Italy, the second most frequent neoplasm in men (15%) and the third in women (12%).
At present, however, screening strategies are proposed only in populations at high risk of developing the disease, as it is difficult to find a single very sensitive and highly specific biomarker. This situation implies that only healthy subjects are subjected to CT only after the onset of symptoms, leading thus to often late diagnosis, without a survival benefit.
Currently the most promising biomarker is micro-RNA (MSC), associated with LCDT. An optimization in the future of these tools and the cost-benefit ratio will open their use in early diagnosis, as well as their use also in the health surveillance of those exposed to radon.
Eine systematische Analyse nosokomialer Ausbrüche von
Infektionskrankheiten in der gastrointestinalen Endoskopie
Authors: Scholz Paulina Marie , Kirstein Martha Maria , Solbach Philipp Christoph , Vonberg Ralf-Peter
Published: August 2024

Die Ösophagogastroduodenoskopie (ÖGD), die endoskopische retrograde
Cholangiopankreatikografie (ERCP) sowie die Koloskopie (KOLO) bergen stets das
Risiko einer Transmission von Erregern. Leider gibt es bislang nur wenige Daten
zu den Ursachen und Erregerspektren für diese Ereignisse.

In einer systematischen Literaturrecherche der Worldwide Outbreak Database, der
PubMed und der Embase wurden entsprechende Ausbrüche hinsichtlich der
Ausbruchsursache, des Erregerspektrums, der Attack Rate und Letalität sowie der
daraufhin eingeleiteten Hygienemaßnahmen evaluiert.

Es wurden insgesamt 73 Ausbrüche (ÖGD: 24; ERCP: 42; KOLO: 7) eingeschlossen mit
Attack Rates in Höhe von 3,5%, 7,1% und 12,8%. Die zugehörigen Letalitäten
betrugen 6,3%, 12,7% und 10,0%. Im Rahmen der ÖGD ereigneten sich vor allem
Transmissionen von Enterobakterien mit einem großen Anteil multiresistenter
Isolate. Via ERCP wurden überwiegend Nonfermenter übertragen. Die häufigste
Ursache für die akzidentelle Verwendung kontaminierter Endoskope war
menschliches Versagen während der Endoskopaufbereitung. Dem Anwender sollte das
Risiko einer Übertragung stets bewusst sein, um diese frühestmöglich erkennen
und fortan unterbinden zu können. Darüber hinaus müssen Mitarbeiter regelmäßig
in der Aufbereitung von Medizinprodukten geschult werden. Die Verwendung von
Einmalendoskopen senkt zwar das Übertragungsrisiko von Erregern, erhöht jedoch
andererseits die Abfallmenge und ggf. auch die Kosten.
Benchmarking als Innovationstreiber: Benchmark-Studie Krankenhauslogistik 2023
Authors: Otten Hubert , Tetz Lukas , Thirunavukkarasu Thenuja
Published: August 2024

In der seit 2018 jährlich durchgeführten Benchmark-Studie Krankenhauslogistik hat das Institut für Health Care Management im Jahr 2023 die Struktur- und Transportmassendaten von 15 Krankenhäusern erhoben und Kennzahlenwerte zu Produktivität, Servicequalität, Auftragsstabilität und Kosten berechnet.
Krankenhauseinkauf: Junge Talente gewinnen und binden
Authors: Müller Lisa-Laura , Kapp Carina
Published: August 2024

Die Gewinnung neuer Fachkräfte ist für fast alle Bereiche des Gesundheitswesens zu einer Herausforderung geworden. Das gilt auch für den Krankenhauseinkauf. Mit einem modernen Employer Branding und zeitgemäßen Arbeitsstrukturen können Krankenhäuser dieser Herausforderung begegnen.
Hautveränderungen um Wunden: Ein Positionspapier der Fachgesellschaft Initiative Chronische Wunden (ICW) e.V.
Authors: Dissemond Joachim , Bültemann Anke , Gerber Veronika , Motzkus Martin , Rembe Julian-Dario , Erfurt-Berge Cornelia
Published: August 2024

Bei vielen Patienten mit chronischen Wunden bestehen Hautveränderungen, die wichtige Hinweise auf die Wundursache und/oder unsachgemäße Therapie liefern können. Die Haut ist als größtes Organ des Menschen für die klinische Inspektion gut zugänglich. Allerdings erfolgt aktuell durch die Behandlungsteams die Einschätzung und Dokumentation dieser Hautveränderungen nicht immer korrekt und einheitlich. Der Vorstand der Fachgesellschaft Initiative Chronische Wunden (ICW) e. V. hat daher beschlossen, ein Positionspapier für die Klärung der wichtigsten fachlichen Begriffe von Hautveränderungen um Wunden zu erstellen. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt hierbei auf der Definition und differenzierten Beschreibung von Wundrand und Wundumgebung. Detaillierter werden dann Atrophien, Blasen, Ekzeme, Erytheme, Hämorrhagien, Hyperpigmentierungen, Hypopigmentierungen, Hyperkeratosen, Mazerationen, Nekrosen, Ödemen, Pusteln, Sklerosen und Schuppen beschrieben und in einen klinischen
Kontext gesetzt.
Aufkommende Suizidgedanken einer bipolaren Patientin nach Einnahme
von Pregabalin: ein Fallbericht
Authors: Wagner Christine , Montecino Augusto
Published: August 2024

Die bipolare Störung ist eine schwere psychische Erkrankung, die häufig mit
Komorbiditäten wie Angst oder Alkoholabhängigkeit vergesellschaftet ist. Somit
könnte der Einsatz von Pregabalin vielversprechend sein. Wir präsentieren den
Fallbericht einer 37jährigen Frau mit einer Bipolar II Störung während einer
depressiven Episode begleitet von Angstsymptomen und zunehmendem Alkoholkonsum.
Die medikamentöse Behandlung bestand aus einer Monotherapie mit Quetiapin. Nach
einigen Tagen mit zusätzlicher Gabe von Pregabalin beobachteten wir zunehmende
Suizidgedanken sowie selbstverletzendes Verhalten, obwohl die Angstsymptome und
der Alkoholkonsum rückläufig waren. Wir beendeten die Therapie mit Pregabalin
und erhöhten die Dosis von Quetiapin, hierauf verschwand das suizidale Verhalten
fast vollständig. Ein Blick in die Literatur zeigt noch Uneinigkeit. Einerseits
wird Pregabalin als sicheres und gut toleriertes Medikament beschrieben und
andererseits bestehen Bedenken hinsichtlich suizidaler Effekte antikonvulsiver
Medikamente. Schlussfolgernd empfehlen wir den vorsichtigen Einsatz von
Pregabalin sowie weiterer antikonvulsiver Medikamente bei Patienten mit
affektiven Störung. Pregabalin könnte einen positiven Effekt auf die
Komorbiditäten haben, der Effekt auf die Stimmung verbleibt jedoch noch unklar.
TELEMEdizinisches moNiTORing für COPD-Patienten (Telementor COPD): Studienprotokoll einer multizentrischen, randomisierten, kontrollierten Studie
Authors: Püschner Franziska , Schiller Juliane , Urbanski-Rini Dominika , Scholl Katharina , Bock Anni , Jandl Margret , Thanhäuser Andreas , Zils Lale , Junker Erwin , Rabe Klaus , Watz Henrik
Published: August 2024

Hintergrund Die chronisch obstruktive Lungenerkrankung (COPD) gehört zu den häufigsten Todesursachen in Europa und geht mit einer hohen Exazerbations- und Hospitalisierungsrate sowie hohen Krankheitskosten einher. Ziel der Studie ist es, durch eine optimierte ambulante Versorgung Exazerbationen frühzeitig zu erkennen, präventiv einzugreifen und Rehospitalisierungen zu vermeiden.

Methoden und Intervention Telementor COPD ist eine prospektive, multizentrische, unverblindete, randomisierte, kontrollierte Studie mit einer Studiendauer von 12 Monaten, umgesetzt an 7 Kliniken und 16 pneumologischen Praxen in Hamburg und Schleswig-Holstein. Sie wird durch den Innovationsfonds gefördert (01NVF20008) und ist im Deutschen Register Klinischer Studien registriert (Studien-ID: DRKS00027961). In die Studie aufgenommen werden COPD-Patienten mit mindestens einer dokumentierten Exazerbation im letzten Jahr. Primärer Endpunkt ist die Anzahl der Exazerbationen. Sekundäre Endpunkte sind die Anzahl COPD-assoziierter Hospitalisierungen, intensivstationärer Aufenthalte sowie der Gesundheitsstatus. In der Interventionsgruppe werden mittels SaniQ-App (Smartphone der Patienten) täglich Symptome erfasst, mittels mobilem Spirometer wird täglich der FEV1 gemessen. Zudem bekommen die Patienten eine Smartwatch zur kontinuierlichen Messung von Atem- und Herzfrequenz, Sauerstoffsättigung und der Schritte. In der App werden die erhobenen Messwerte dargestellt und motivationsfördernde Komponenten zur Raucherentwöhnung und körperlichen Aktivität sowie Videochats mit den COPD-Nurses und Ärzten angeboten. Sollten die Symptome oder die Lungenfunktion sich verschlechtern, erfolgt die Kontaktaufnahme durch die geschulte COPD-Nurse, welche die Messwerte des Patienten einsieht und den Handlungsbedarf bezüglich eines präventiven Eingreifens einschätzt.

Diskussion Telementor COPD bietet die Möglichkeit, die Wirksamkeitsvorteile des digitalen Monitorings und der Telemedizin zu evaluieren und somit den Weg in die Routineversorgung von COPD-Patienten mit hohem Exazerbationsrisiko zu ebnen.
Evaluation of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Symptomatic Young Infants Using Multichannel Intraluminal pH-Impedance Testing: A large Cohort Study from a Single Center
Authors: Sequeira Gomes Rochelle , Favara Michael , Abraham Sheeja , Palma Joan Di , Aghai Zubair H.
Published: August 2024

Objective This study aimed to assess the use of combined multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH studies (MII–pH) in a large group of symptomatic young infants, to characterize the occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and to establish temporal association of the reflux behaviors with gastroesophageal reflux using symptom indices.

Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study on 181 infants who underwent MII–pH studies for clinical behaviors that were suggestive of GERD. Symptom index (SI) and symptom association probability (SAP) were used to establish symptom association with reflux. More than 100 GER episodes in 24 hours or acid reflux index > 10% was considered pathological reflux.

Results A total of 181 infants (median age: 60 days, interquartile range [IQR]: 34–108) underwent MII–pH studies with median study duration of 22.41 hours (IQR: 21.5–23.32). A total of 4,070 hours of data were analyzed, with 8,480 reflux events (2,996 [35%] acidic, 5,484 [65%] nonacidic). A total of 2,541 symptoms were noted, 894 (35%) were temporally related to reflux events. A total of 113 infants (62.4%) had positive symptom association with SI > 50% and/or SAP > 95% for at least one symptom. There was modest symptom association for choking and gagging, but apnea, bradycardia, and desaturations had poor symptom association. Only 29 infants (16%) had pathological reflux, and only 18 infants (10%) had both pathological reflux and positive symptom association.

Conclusion MII–pH can be used to characterize GERD in young infants, along with establishing temporal association with symptoms. Pathological reflux in symptomatic young infants is not common, but symptom association may occur without frequent or acidic reflux.

Key Points
Deimplementation of Routine Maternal Oxygen Supplementation for Intrauterine Fetal Resuscitation: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Chisholm Sarah E. , Gastanaduy Mariella , Elmayan Adrem , Williams Frank B.
Published: August 2024

Objective Current practice guidelines for laboring patients with category II intrapartum tracings recommend maternal oxygen supplementation despite emerging randomized data challenging its benefit and utility. We aim to validate that de-implementing maternal oxygen supplementation for fetal resuscitation did not increase the risk of neonatal acidemia in a real-world setting.

Study Design This is a retrospective observational study conducted at a single tertiary care center from January 2019 to June 2021. All laboring deliveries during the study period were reviewed and eligible participants included singleton or twin pregnancies between 23 and 42 weeks gestational age with persistent category II tracings. Known major fetal anomalies, contraindications to labor, and maternal indication for O2 supplementation, including active coronavirus disease 2019, were excluded. Cohorts were allocated based on the time of delivery. Those occurring prior to our hospital policy change were identified as historical controls and deliveries after April 1, 2020, as the postdeimplementation cohort. The primary outcome was fetal acidemia, defined as umbilical cord pH < 7.2. Secondary outcomes included severe acidemia (pH < 7.0), 5-minute Apgar score <4, and neonatal intensive care admission. Regression analyses controlling for known variables associated with neonatal acidemia generated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results Among 9,088 deliveries during the study period, 1,162 tracings were flagged as persistent category II, including 681 (59%) in the postintervention group. The two cohorts had comparable baseline and obstetric characteristics. No difference in neonatal acidemia was observed between the postdeimplementation group and historical controls (13.8 vs. 15.4%, aOR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.62, 1.22). Severe acidemia, 5-minute Apgar <4, and neonatal intensive care admission were not increased in the postdeimplementation group.

Conclusion De-implementation of routine maternal oxygen supplementation for fetal resuscitation did not increase the likelihood of neonatal acidemia in a real-world setting, validating guidelines recommending against the intervention.

Key Points