bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biosensors for Brain Trauma and Dual Laser Doppler Flowmetry: Enoxaparin Simultaneously Reduces Stroke-Induced Dopamine and Blood Flow while Enhancing Serotonin and Blood Flow in Motor Neurons of Brain, In Vivo
Authors: Broderick Patricia A. , Kolodny Edwin H.
Published: December 2010

Neuromolecular Imaging (NMI) based on adsorptive electrochemistry, combined with Dual Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF) is presented herein to investigate the brain neurochemistry affected by enoxaparin (Lovenox®), an antiplatelet/antithrombotic medication for stroke victims. NMI with miniature biosensors enables neurotransmitter and neuropeptide (NT) imaging; each NT is imaged with a response time in milliseconds. A semiderivative electronic reduction circuit images several NT’s selectively and separately within a response time of minutes. Spatial resolution of NMI biosensors is in the range of nanomicrons and electrochemically-induced current ranges are in pico- and nano-amperes. Simultaneously with NMI, the LDF technology presented herein operates on line by illuminating the living brain, in this example, in dorso-striatal neuroanatomic substrates via a laser sensor with low power laser light containing optical fiber light guides. NMI biotechnology with BRODERICK PROBE® biosensors has a distinct advantage over conventional electrochemical methodologies both in novelty of biosensor formulations and on-line imaging capabilities in the biosensor field. NMI with unique biocompatible biosensors precisely images NT in the body, blood and brain of animals and humans using characteristic experimentally derived half-wave potentials driven by oxidative electron transfer. Enoxaparin is a first line clinical treatment prescribed to halt the progression of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). In the present studies, BRODERICK PROBE® laurate biosensors and LDF laser sensors are placed in dorsal striatum (DStr) dopaminergic motor neurons in basal ganglia of brain in living animals; basal ganglia influence movement disorders such as those correlated with AIS. The purpose of these studies is to understand what is happening in brain neurochemistry and cerebral blood perfusion after causal AIS by middle cerebral artery occlusion in vivo as well as to understand consequent enoxaparin and reperfusion effects actually while enoxaparin is inhibiting blood clots to alleviate AIS symptomatology. This research is directly correlated with the medical and clinical needs of stroke victims. The data are clinically relevant, not only to movement dysfunction but also to the depressive mood that stroke patients often endure. These are the first studies to image brain neurotransmitters while any stroke medications, such as anti-platelet/ anti-thrombotic and/or anti-glycoprotein are working in organ systems to alleviate the debilitating consequences of brain trauma and stroke/brain attacks.
Position-Controlled Data Acquisition Embedded System for Magnetic NDE of Bridge Stay Cables
Authors: Maldonado-Lopez Rocio , Christen Rouven
Published: December 2010

This work presents a custom-tailored sensing and data acquisition embedded system, designed to be integrated in a new magnetic NDE inspection device under development at Empa, a device intended for routine testing of large diameter bridge stay cables. The data acquisition (DAQ) system fulfills the speed and resolution requirements of the application and is able to continuously capture and store up to 2 GB of data at a sampling rate of 27 kS/s, with 12-bit resolution. This paper describes the DAQ system in detail, including both hardware and software implementation, as well as the key design challenges nd the techniques employed to meet the specifications. Experimental results showing the performance of the system are also presented.
A Value Function for Assessing Sustainability: Application to Industrial Buildings
Authors: Alarcon Bibiana , Aguado Antonio , Manga Resmundo , Josa Alejandro
Published: December 2010

Decision support tools based on multi-attribute analysis involve the use of different types of variables. These variables are aimed at providing a framework that allows preferences to be quantified. This is particularly useful in the field of sustainability, where variables with different units are involved. One widely accepted framework for standardizing different units is the value function. Studies of value function are complex and frequently have limited physical meaning. In this context, this paper emphasizes the need to define a general equation that reflects the preferences of the decision maker in a clear and easily applied way. The paper proposes a new general equation that fulfils these requirements. By modifying certain parameters, this general equation represents the most commonly used relationships (linear, convex, concave and S-shaped). The proposed equation is finally applied to four variables used in the field of industrial buildings and sustainability.
Education as Re-Embedding: Stroud Communiversity, Walking the Land and the Enduring Spell of the Sensuous
Authors: Cato Molly Scott , Myers Jan
Published: December 2010

How we know, is at least as important as what we know: Before educationalists can begin to teach sustainability, we need to explore our own views of the world and how these are formed. The paper explores the ontological assumptions that underpin, usually implicitly, the pedagogical relationship and opens up the question of how people know each other and the world they share. Using understandings based in a phenomenological approach and guided by social constructionism, it suggests that the most appropriate pedagogical method for teaching sustainability is one based on situated learning and reflexive practice. To support its ontological questioning, the paper highlights two alternative culture’s ways of understanding and recording the world: Those of the Inca who inhabited pre-Columbian Peru, which was based on the quipu system of knotted strings, and the complex social and religious system of the songlines of the original people of Australia. As an indication of the sorts of teaching experiences that an emancipatory and relational pedagogy might give rise to, the paper offers examples of two community learning experiences in the exemplar sustainable community of Stroud, Gloucestershire in the United Kingdom where the authors live.
The Global Dimension of Water Governance: Why the River Basin Approach Is No Longer Sufficient and Why Cooperative Action at Global Level Is Needed
Authors: Hoekstra Arjen Y.
Published: December 2010

When water problems extend beyond the borders of local communities, the river basin is generally seen as the most appropriate unit for analysis, planning, and institutional arrangements. In this paper it is argued that addressing water problems at the river basin level is not always sufficient. Many of today’s seemingly local water issues carry a (sub)continental or even global dimension, which urges for a governance approach that comprises institutional arrangements at a level beyond that of the river basin. This paper examines a number of arguments for the thesis that good water governance requires a global approach complementary to the river basin approach. Subsequently, it identifies four major issues to be addressed at global scale: Efficiency, equity, sustainability and security of water supply in a globalised world. Finally, the paper raises the question of what kind of institutional arrangements could be developed to cope with the global dimension of water issues. A few possible directions are explored, ranging from an international protocol on full-cost water pricing and a water label for water-intensive products to the implementation of water footprint quotas and the water-neutral concept.
Multiple Papillomatosis of Breast and Patient's Choice of Treatment
Authors: Debnath Debasish , Al-Okati Dhafir , Ismail Wael
Published: December 2010

Papillary lesions of breast represent a range of lesions. Intraductal papilloma and its association with nipple discharge are well known. However, multiple papillomatosis has quite distinct characteristics and decision making can be somewhat challenging. We report a case of multiple papillomatosis in association with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Patient opted for ipsilateral mastectomy and prophylactic mastectomy of contralateral breast. Her decision of having prophylactic mastectomy was vindicated by presence of incidental DCIS in the contralateral breast. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of multiple papillomatosis with DCIS of breast, along with incidental synchronous papillomatosis of contralateral breast with DCIS. The case illustrates few distinct features of multiple papillomatosis of breast and exemplifies how a patient's choice is so paramount in decision making process. Patients should be fully informed of the treatment options of the condition, and their wishes should be fully taken into account while making the final decision.
Crystalline Ultrastructures, Inflammatory Elements, and Neoangiogenesis Are Present in Inconspicuous Aortic Valve Tissue
Authors: Dorfmüller P. , Bazin D. , Aubert S. , Weil R. , Brisset F. , Daudon M. , Capron F. , Brochériou I.
Published: December 2010

Morbidity from calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is increasing. Recent studies suggest early reversible changes involving inflammation and neoangiogenesis. We hypothesized that microcalcifications, chemokines, and growth factors are present in unaffected regions of calcific aortic valves. We studied aortic valves from 4 patients with CAVD and from 1 control, using immunohistochemistry, scanning electron microscopy, and infrared spectrography. We revealed clusters of capillary neovessels in calcified (ECC), to a lesser extent in noncalcified (ECN) areas. Endothelial cells proved constant expression of SDF-1 in ECC, ECN, and endothelial cells from valvular surface (ECS). Its receptor CXCR4 was expressed in ECC. IL-6 expression correlated with CXCR4 staining and presence of lymphocytes. VEGF was expressed by ECS, its receptor by ECC and ECN. Crystalline ultrastructures were found on the surface of histologically noncalcified areas (HNCAs), spectrography revealed calcium hydroxylapatite. Our results demonstrate that crystalline ultrastructures are present in HNCAs, undergoing neoangiogenesis in an inflammatory context. These alterations could be an early witness of disease and an opening to therapy.
Augmentation of Bone Tunnel Healing in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Grafts: Application of Calcium Phosphates and Other Materials
Authors: Baxter F. R. , Bach J. S. , Detrez F. , Cantournet S. , Corté L. , Cherkaoui M. , Ku D. N.
Published: December 2010

Bone tunnel healing is an important consideration after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) replacement surgery. Recently, a variety of materials have been proposed for improving this healing process, including autologous bone tissue, cells, artificial proteins, and calcium salts. Amongst these materials are calcium phosphates (CaPs), which are known for their biocompatibility and are widely commercially available. As with the majority of the materials investigated, CaPs have been shown to advance the healing of bone tunnel tissue in animal studies. Mechanical testing shows fixation strengths to be improved, particularly by the application of CaP-based cement in the bone tunnel. Significantly, CaP-based cements have been shown to produce improvements comparable to those induced by potentially more complex treatments such as biologics (including fibronectin and chitin) and cultured cells. Further investigation of CaP-based treatment in the bone tunnels during ACL replacement is therefore warranted in order to establish what improvements in healing and resulting clinical benefits may be achieved through its application.
Pulmonary Valve Infective Endocarditis in an Adult Patient with Severe Congenital Pulmonary Stenosis and Ostium Secundum Atrial Septal Defect
Authors: Lacalzada Juan , Enjuanes Cristina , Izquierdo Maria Manuela , Barragán Acea Antonio , De La Rosa Alejandro , Laynez Ignacio
Published: December 2010

A hypertensive 76-year-old man with severe pulmonary valve stenosis (PVS) and recent initiation of haemodialysis was referred with fever, chills, and asthenia. One month prior, he had been admitted with similar symptoms. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) had shown a PVS and no valve vegetations were observed. Following discharge, he was readmitted with fever and blood cultures positive forStaphylococcus haemolyticus. A new TTE revealed two pulmonary valve vegetations and a previously undetected ostium secundum-type atrial septal defect (ASD), confirmed by transesophageal echocardiography. The clinical course was uneventful with intravenous antibiotic treatment and the patient was safely discharged. This is a case of pulmonary valve infective endocarditis (IE). The incidence of right-sided IE is on the rise due to the increased number of patients using central venous lines, pacing, haemodialysis and other intravascular devices. Pulmonary valve IE is extremely rare, especially in structurally normal hearts. The case reported here, presents a combination of predisposing factors, such as severe congenital PVS, the presence of a central venous catheter, and haemodialysis. The fact that it was an older patient with severe congenital PVS and associated with a previously undiagnosed ASD, is also an unusual feature of this case, making it even more interesting.
Transforming Growth Factor-β1 as a Common Target Molecule for Development of Cardiovascular Diseases, Renal Insufficiency and Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Aihara Ken-ichi , Ikeda Yasumasa , Yagi Shusuke , Akaike Masashi , Matsumoto Toshio
Published: December 2010

Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a polypeptide member of the transforming growth factorβsuperfamily of cytokines. It is a secreted protein that performs many cellular functions including control of cell growth, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and apoptosis. In the cardiovascular system, TGF-β1 plays pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of hypertension, restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention, atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. In addition, TGF-β1 has been shown to be increased in adipose tissue of obese subjects with insulin resistance. Furthermore, TGF-β1 is a potent initiator of proliferation of renal mesangial cells leading to chronic kidney disease. Some currently available agents can manipulate TGF-β1 expression leading to amelioration of cardiovascular diseases. Thus, an understanding of interactions between chronic kidney disease and metabolic syndrome and the development of cardiovascular diseases is an important issue, and attention should be given to TGF-β1 as a crucial factor for regulation and modulation of those pathological conditions.
Enhanced Healing of Diabetic Wounds by Topical Administration of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Cells Overexpressing Stromal-Derived Factor-1: Biodistribution and Engraftment Analysis by Bioluminescent Imaging
Authors: Di Rocco Giuliana , Gentile Antonietta , Antonini Annalisa , Ceradini Francesca , Wu Joseph C. , Capogrossi Maurizio C. , Toietta Gabriele
Published: December 2010

Chronic ulcers represent a major health problem in diabetic patients resulting in pain and discomfort. Conventional therapy does not guarantee adequate wound repair. In diabetes, impaired healing is partly due to poor endothelial progenitor cells mobilisation and homing, with altered levels of the chemokine stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) at the wound site. Adipose tissue-associated stromal cells (AT-SCs) can provide an accessible source of progenitor cells secreting proangiogenic factors and differentiating into endothelial-like cells. We demonstrated that topical administration of AT-SCs genetically modifiedex vivoto overexpress SDF-1, promotes wound healing into diabetic mice. In particular, byin vivobioluminescent imaging analysis, we monitored biodistribution and survival after transplantation of luciferase-expressing cells. In conclusion, this study indicates the therapeutic potential of AT-SCs administration in wound healing, through cell differentiation, enhanced cellular recruitment at the wound site, and paracrine effects associated with local growth-factors production.
Long-Term Changes in Physical Activity Following a One-Year Home-Based Physical Activity Counseling Program in Older Adults with Multiple Morbidities
Authors: Hall Katherine S. , Sloane Richard , Pieper Carl F. , Peterson Matthew J. , Crowley Gail M. , Cowper Patricia A. , McConnell Eleanor S. , Bosworth Hayden B. , Ekelund Carola C. , Morey Miriam C.
Published: December 2010

This study assessed the sustained effect of a physical activity (PA) counseling intervention on PA one year after intervention, predictors of sustained PA participation, and three classes of post-intervention PA trajectories (improvers, maintainers, and decliners) in 238 older Veterans. Declines in minutes of PA from 12 to 24 months were observed for both the treatment and control arms of the study. PA at 12 months was the strongest predictor of post-intervention changes in PA. To our surprise, those who took up the intervention and increased PA levels the most, had significant declines in post-intervention PA. Analysis of the three post-intervention PA trajectories demonstrated that the maintenance group actually reflected a group of nonresponders to the intervention who had more comorbidities, lower self-efficacy, and worse physical function than the improvers or decliners. Results suggest that behavioral counseling/support must be ongoing to promote maintenance. Strategies to promote PA appropriately to subgroups of individuals are needed.
Myeloid Sarcoma: Clinicopathologic, Cytogenetic, and Outcome Analysis of 21 Adult Patients
Authors: Al-Khateeb Hani , Badheeb Ahmed , Haddad Husam , Marei Lina , Abbasi Salah
Published: December 2010

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a neoplasm of immature granulocytes, monocytes, or both involving any extramedullary site. Twenty one patients with MS at diagnosis who were treated at King Hussein Cancer Center in Jordan were included in this retrospective study with a male to female ratio of 2 : 1. The most common site was the reticuloendothelial system. The most common morphology subtype was M2 (38%) and the most frequent chromosomal abnormality was trisomy 8. Twenty patients received induction chemotherapy; only 14 (70%) achieved complete remission. Median survival time was 24.7 months for the whole group and 58.6 months for patients who underwent allogenic bone marrow transplant. This paper showed that MS has frequent M2 morphology, carries chromosomal aberrations other than t(8;21), and requires aggressive therapy as a front line approach.
Treatment Challenges in Pediatric Stroke Patients
Authors: Yılmaz A. , Teber S. , Bektaş Ö. , Akar N. , Uysal L. Z. , Aksoy E. , Deda G.
Published: December 2010

Aim. In this study we presented our experience of 18 years on the etiology, risk factors, prophylactic and acute treatment, the effect of treatment to recurrence rate of patients with stroke.Methods. The population included 108 patients who had been treated for stroke at Pediatric Neurology Department of Ankara University with the diagnosis of arterial ischemic stroke and sinovenous thrombosis between January 1992 and August 2010. Forty-one girls (38%) and 67 boys (62%) with mean symptom age years, (0–18 years old) were followed up with a mean period of years (0–17 years).Results. 30 patients had no risk factors, 34 patients had only one risk factor and 44 patients had multiple risk factors. Recurrence was seen in three patients. There was no any statistical correlation between the recurrence of stroke and the existence of risk factors (). Seventeen patients received prophylactic treatment; 2 of them without any risk factors, 3 had one risk factor, 12 patients, who constituted the majority of our patients, had multiple risk factors ().Conclusion. With this study we showed that the right prophylaxis for right patients reduces the rate of recurrence.
Resistant Hypertension Workup and Approach to Treatment
Authors: Makris Anastasios , Seferou Maria , Papadopoulos Dimitris P.
Published: December 2010

Resistant hypertension is defined as blood pressure above the patient's goal despite the use of 3 or more antihypertensive agents from different classes at optimal doses, one of which should ideally be a diuretic. Evaluation of patients with resistive hypertension should first confirm that they have true resistant hypertension by ruling out or correcting factors associated with pseudoresistance such as white coat hypertension, suboptimal blood pressure measurement technique, poor adherence to prescribed medication, suboptimal dosing of antihypertensive agents or inappropriate combinations, the white coat effect, and clinical inertia. Management includes lifestyle and dietary modification, elimination of medications contributing to resistance, and evaluation of potential secondary causes of hypertension. Pharmacological treatment should be tailored to the patient's profile and focus on the causative pathway of resistance. Patients with uncontrolled hypertension despite receiving an optimal therapy are candidates for newer interventional therapies such as carotid baroreceptor stimulation and renal denervation.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: Pathogenesis and Neuroprotection
Authors: Mounsey Ross B. , Teismann Peter
Published: December 2010

Mitochondria are vitally important organelles involved in an array of functions. The most notable is their prominent role in energy metabolism, where they generate over 90% of our cellular energy in the form of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria are involved in various other processes including the regulation of calcium homeostasis and stress response. Mitochondrial complex I impairment and subsequent oxidative stress have been identified as modulators of cell death in experimental models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Identification of specific genes which are involved in the rare familial forms of PD has further augmented the understanding and elevated the role mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to have in disease pathogenesis. This paper provides a review of the role mitochondria may play in idiopathic PD through the study of experimental models and how genetic mutations influence mitochondrial activity. Recent attempts at providing neuroprotection by targeting mitochondria are described and their progress assessed.
Efficacy of Dietary Behavior Modification for Preserving Cardiovascular Health and Longevity
Authors: Pryde Moira McAllister , Kannel William Bernard
Published: December 2010

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its predisposing risk factors are major lifestyle and behavioral determinants of longevity. Dietary lifestyle choices such as a heart healthy diet, regular exercise, a lean weight, moderate alcohol consumption, and smoking cessation have been shown to substantially reduce CVD and increase longevity. Recent research has shown that men and women who adhere to this lifestyle can substantially reduce their risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). The preventive benefits of maintaining a healthy lifestyle exceed those reported for using medication and procedures. Among the modifiable preventive measures, diet is of paramount importance, and recent data suggest some misconceptions and uncertainties that require reconsideration. These include commonly accepted recommendations about polyunsaturated fat intake, processed meat consumption, fish choices and preparation, transfatty acids, low carbohydrate diets, egg consumption, coffee, added sugar, soft drink beverages, glycemic load, chocolate, orange juice, nut consumption, vitamin D supplements, food portion size, and alcohol.
Antibacterial Efficacy of Raw and Processed Honey
Authors: Mohapatra D. P. , Thakur V. , Brar S. K.
Published: December 2010

In vitro antibacterial activity of methanol, ethanol, and ethyl acetate extracts of raw and processed honey was tested against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Micrococcus luteus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi). Both types of honey showed antibacterial activity against tested organisms with the zone of inhibition (ZOI) ranging from 6.94 to 37.94 mm, while E. coli, S. typhi, and P. aeruginosa showed that sensibility towards all the extracts with ZOI ranges between 13.09 to 37.94 mm. The methanol extract showed more potent activity than other organic extracts. Gram-negative bacteria were found to be more susceptible as compared to Gram-positive bacteria except E. faecalis. The broth microdilution assay gave minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) value of 625 μg/mL, while the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) ranges between 625 μg/mL 2500 μg/mL. The study showed that honey has antibacterial activity (bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect), similar to antibiotics, against test organisms and provides alternative therapy against certain bacteria.
The Cardiorenal Syndrome: A Review
Authors: Shah B. N. , Greaves K.
Published: December 2010

Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is the umbrella term used to describe clinical conditions in which cardiac and renal dysfunctions coexist. Much has been written on this subject, but underlying pathophysiological mechanisms continue to be unravelled and implications for management continue to be debated. A classification system—incorporating five subtypes—has recently been proposed though it has yet to permeate into day-to-day clinical practice. CRS has garnered much attention from both the cardiological and nephrological communities since the condition is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Renal dysfunction is highly prevalent amongst patients with heart failure and has been shown to be as powerful and independent a marker of adverse prognosis as ejection fraction. Similarly, patients with renal failure are considerably more likely to suffer cardiovascular disease than matched subjects from the general population. This paper begins by reviewing the epidemiology and classification of CRS before going on to consider the different pathological mechanisms underlying cardiorenal dysfunction. We then focus on management strategies and conclude by discussing future directions in the diagnosis and management of patients suffering with CRS.
Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity and Breast Cancer Metastasis to the Brain
Authors: Arshad Farheen , Wang Lili , Sy Christopher , Avraham Shalom , Avraham Hava Karsenty
Published: December 2010

Brain metastasis, an important cause of cancer morbidity and mortality, occurs in at least 30% of patients with breast cancer. A key event of brain metastasis is the migration of cancer cells through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Although preventing brain metastasis is immensely important for survival, very little is known about the early stage of transmigration and the molecular mechanisms of breast tumor cells penetrating the BBB. The brain endothelium plays an important role in brain metastasis, although the mechanisms are not clear. Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells (BMECs) are the major cellular constituent of the BBB. BMECs are joined together by intercellular tight junctions (TJs) that are responsible for acquisition of highly selective permeability. Failure of the BBB is a critical event in the development and progression of several diseases that affect the CNS, including brain tumor metastasis development. Here, we have delineated the mechanisms of BBB impairment and breast cancer metastasis to the brain. Understanding the molecular mediators that cause changes in the BBB should lead to better strategies for effective treatment modalities targeted to inhibition of brain tumors.
Effect of Metal Chelators on γ‐Secretase Indicates That Calcium and Magnesium Ions Facilitate Cleavage of Alzheimer Amyloid Precursor Substrate
Authors: Ho Michael , Hoke David E. , Chua Yee Jia , Li Qiao-Xin , Culvenor Janetta G. , Masters Colin , White Anthony R. , Evin Geneviève
Published: December 2010

Gamma‐secretase is involved in the production of Aβ amyloid peptides. It cleaves the transmembrane domain of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) at alternative sites to produce Aβ and the APP intracellular domain (AICD). Metal ions play an important role in Aβ aggregation and metabolism, thus metal chelators and ligands represent potential therapeutic agents for AD treatment. A direct effect of metal chelators on γ‐secretase has not yet been investigated. The authors used an in vitro γ‐secretase assay consisting of cleavage of APP C100‐3XFLAG by endogenous γ‐secretase from rodent brains and human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y, and detected AICD production by western blotting. Adding metalloprotease inhibitors to the reaction showed that clioquinol, phosphoramidon, and zinc metalloprotease inhibitors had no significant effect on γ‐secretase activity. In contrast, phenanthroline, EDTA, and EGTA markedly decreased γ‐secretase activity that could be restored by adding back calcium and magnesium ions. Mg2+ stabilized a 1,000 kDa presenilin 1 complex through blue native gel electrophoresis and size‐exclusion chromatography. Data suggest that Ca2+ and Mg2+ stabilize γ‐secretase and enhance its activity.
Generating Functions for Hecke Algebra Characters
Authors: Konvalinka Matjaž , Skandera Mark
Published: December 2010

Certain polynomials inn2variables that serve as generating functions for symmetric group characters are sometimes called (Sn) character immanants. We point out a close connection between the identities of Littlewood–Merris–Watkins and Goulden–Jackson, which relateSncharacter immanants to the determinant, the permanent and MacMahon's Master Theorem. From these results we obtain a generalization of Muir's identity. Working with the quantum polynomial ring and the Hecke algebraHn(q), we define quantum immanants that are generating functions for Hecke algebra characters. We then prove quantum analogs of the Littlewood–Merris–Watkins identities and selected Goulden–Jackson identities that relateHn(q) character immanants to the quantum determinant, quantum permanent, and quantum Master Theorem of Garoufalidis–Lê–Zeilberger. We also obtain a generalization of Zhang's quantization of Muir's identity.
Multiple Zeta-Functions Associated with Linear Recurrence Sequences and the Vectorial Sum Formula
Authors: Essouabri Driss , Matsumoto Kohji , Tsumura Hirofumi
Published: December 2010

We prove the holomorphic continuation of certain multi-variable multiple zeta-functions whose coefficients satisfy a suitable recurrence condition. In fact, we introduce more general vectorial zeta-functions and prove their holomorphic continuation. Moreover, we show a vectorial sum formula among those vectorial zeta-functions fromwhich some generalizations of the classical sum formula can be deduced.
Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty Combined with Phacoemulsification in Chandler Syndrome
Authors: Kymionis George D. , Kontadakis Georgios A. , Agorogiannis George I. , Bennett Merran , Angelidou Filio
Published: December 2010

Purpose

TO report a case of Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) in combination with phacoemulsification and implantation of intraocular lens (IOL) (triple procedure) in a patient with Chandler syndrome.

Methods

A patient with visually significant corneal edema due to Chandler syndrome and cataract underwent DSAEK combined with phacoemulsification and IOL implantation (DSAEK triple procedure).

Results

One year postsurgery the patient's uncorrected distance visual acuity improved from counting fingers to 20/63, and the corrected distance visual acuity to 20/32. The cornea was clear with absence of corneal edema.

Conclusions

In the presented case, DSAEK triple procedure was an effective treatment for corneal edema secondary to Chandler syndrome in the presence of cataract.
On Lp-Approximation by Iterative Combination of Bernstein-Durrmeyer Polynomials
Authors: Sinha T. A. K. , Agrawal P. N. , Gairola Asha Ram
Published: December 2010

We improve the degree of approximation by Bernstein-Durrmeyer polynomials taking their iterates and obtain error estimate in higher-order approximation.
Interstitial deletion of 14q24.3‐q32.2 in a male patient with plagiocephaly, BPES features, developmental delay, and congenital heart defects
Authors: Cingöz Sultan , Bache Iben , Bjerglund Lise , Ropers Hans‐Hilger , Tommerup Niels , Jensen Hanne , Brøndum‐Nielsen Karen , Tümer Zeynep
Published: December 2010

Distal interstitial deletions of chromosome 14 involving the 14q24‐q23.2 region are rare, and only been reported so far in 20 patients. Ten of these patients were analyzed both clinically and genetically. Here we present a de novo interstitial deletion of chromosome 14q24.3‐q32.2 in a male patient with developmental delay, language impairment, plagiocephaly, BPES features (blepharophimosis, ptosis, epicanthus), and congenital heart defect. The deletion breakpoints were fine mapped using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and the size of the deletion is estimated to be approximately 23 Mb. Based on genotype–phenotype comparisons of the 10 previously published patients and the present case, we suggest that the shortest regions for deletion overlap may include candidate genes for speech impairment, mental retardation, and hypotonia. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Muenke syndrome with pigmentary disorder and probable hemimegalencephaly: An expansion of the phenotype
Authors: Abdel‐Salam Ghada M. H. , Flores‐Sarnat Laura , El‐Ruby Mona O. , Parboosingh Jillian , Bridge Peter , Eid Maha M. , El‐Badry Tarek H. , Effat Laila , Curatolo Paolo , Temtamy Samia A.
Published: December 2010

We describe a 2‐year‐old boy born to healthy, consanguineous parents. He had craniofacial asymmetry with left frontal bossing, midface hypoplasia, proptosis, and low‐set ears. In addition, he had curly, light hair, and oval hypomelanotic patches in the abdomen, lower limbs and back and one hyperpigmented patch in the groin without acanthosis nigricans. Cranial three‐dimensional CT scan showed right‐coronal, sagittal, and lambdoid suture synostoses. His cranial MRI at 2‐months of age showed left hemimegalencephaly, hypoplasia of corpus callosum, and an abnormal configuration of hippocampus. In spite of these cranial findings, he had mild developmental delay and his neurological examination showed symmetric strength, tone and reflexes. Apart from febrile seizures, there was no history of epilepsy. The proband developed asymmetric hydrocephalus at the age of 18 months that required third ventriculostomy. Post‐operative cranial MRI showed Chiari I‐ like malformation and asymmetry of cerebral hemispheres but less dysplastic cerebral cortex. Mutation analysis of FGFR3 showed a c.749C > G, p.Pro250Arg substitution. To the best of our knowledge, these manifestations have not been reported in patients with Muenke syndrome. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
IGF1R variants associated with isolated single suture craniosynostosis
Authors: Cunningham Michael L. , Horst Jeremy A. , Rieder Mark J. , Hing Anne V. , Stanaway Ian B. , Park Sarah S. , Samudrala Ram , Speltz Matthew L.
Published: December 2010

The genetic contribution to the pathogenesis of isolated single suture craniosynostosis is poorly understood. The role of mutations in genes known to be associated with syndromic synostosis appears to be limited. We present our findings of a candidate gene resequencing approach to identify rare variants associated with the most common forms of isolated craniosynostosis. Resequencing of the coding regions, splice junction sites, and 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions of 27 candidate genes in 186 cases of isolated non‐syndromic single suture synostosis revealed three novel and two rare sequence variants (R406H, R595H, N857S, P190S, M446V) in insulin‐like growth factor I receptor (IGF1R) that are enriched relative to control samples. Mapping the resultant amino acid changes to the modeled homodimer protein structure suggests a structural basis for segregation between these and other disease‐associated mutations found in IGF1R. These data suggest that IGF1R mutations may contribute to the risk and in some cases cause single suture craniosynostosis. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two concurrent chromosomal aberrations involving interstitial deletion in 1q24.2q25.2 and inverted duplication and deletion in 10q26 in a patient with stroke associated with antithrombin deficiency and a patent foramen ovale
Authors: Kibe Tetsuya , Mori Yuka , Okanishi Tohru , Shimojima Keiko , Yokochi Kenji , Yamamoto Toshiyuki
Published: December 2010

Advanced high‐throughput molecular cytogenetic analysis has enabled the identification of small chromosomal rearrangements, and two or more concurrently occurring chromosomal rearrangements have been identified using this technique. A girl with severe psychomotor developmental delay associated with an uncertain abnormality (detected by conventional karyotyping) in chromosome 10q had a sudden stroke at the age of 35 months. Laboratory and radiographic examinations revealed antithrombin (AT) deficiency and a patent foramen ovale (PFO). Two concurrent chromosomal aberrations, inverted duplication and deletion in the 10q26 region and a microdeletion in the 1q24.2q25.2 region including the AT gene (SERPINC1), were identified by microarray‐based comparative genomic hybridization analysis. Both chromosomal aberrations were found to be of paternal origin. This study described the concurrence of chromosomal rearrangements involving two chromosomes, and estimated the frequency of two or more chromosomal aberrations as 2–4%. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurologic features and genotype‐phenotype correlation in Wolfram syndrome
Authors: Chaussenot Annabelle , Bannwarth Sylvie , Rouzier Cecile , Vialettes Bernard , Mkadem Samira Ait El , Chabrol Brigitte , Cano Aline , Labauge Pierre , Paquis‐Flucklinger Véronique
Published: December 2010

Objective

Wolfram syndrome (WS) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by juvenile‐onset diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy. Our aim was to describe the nature and the frequency of the neurologic manifestations, which had been poorly studied until now.

Methods

We performed a detailed clinical study with genotype‐phenotype correlation in a series of 59 patients with WS.

Results

The onset of neurologic symptoms, with a median age of 15 years, was much earlier than previously reported. Cognitive impairment, which was not frequent in previous reports, was observed in 32% of patients with neurologic signs. Like epilepsy, it was mainly found in patients who developed neurologic signs before 15 years of age. In contrast to previous series, we also found malformations of cortical development on magnetic resonance imaging in epileptic children and white matter involvement, including diffuse leukoencephalopathy, in adult patients. We identified 109 mutated alleles corresponding to 56 different mutations of the WFS1 gene, among which 10 were novel. Homozygosity or compound heterozygosity for missense mutation does not seem to influence the age of onset and the occurrence of neurologic complications. However, an interesting point concerns a possible correlation between the location of the mutations and the development of the neurologic manifestations.

Interpretation

This series concerns the largest cohort of WS patients reported to date. It illustrates the wide variety of neurologic signs in this syndrome and the necessity of rapid therapeutic coverage to improve the prognosis. Ann Neurol 2010.
Experimentelle Überprüfung der Tragsicherheit von Stahlbetonrippendecken
Authors: Opitz Heinz , Hampel Torsten , Michler Harald , Popp Thomas , Scheerer Silke
Published: December 2010

Vor zehn Jahren wurde die Richtlinie des Deutschen Ausschusses für Stahlbeton (DAfStb) “Belastungsversuche an Betontragwerken” veröffentlicht [1]. Die nachfolgend vorgestellten Untersuchungen, die an einer Deckenkonstruktion eines 1958 errichteten Bauwerks der TU Dresden durchgeführt wurden, sind nur ein Beispiel der mittlerweile zahlreichen Anwendungen dieser Richtlinie. Gründe für den Nachweis der aktuellen Trag sicherheit der Stahlbetonrippendecke waren die geplante Umnutzung einiger Räume, der gegenwärtige bauliche Zustand, der berechtigte Zweifel hinsichtlich Tragfähigkeit, Gebrauchstauglichkeit und Brandschutz aufwarf, und die vorausgegangenen statischen Berechnungen des Tragwerksplaners vom Ingenieurbüro KÖRNER + HACKEL (Dresden).

Experimental verification of load bearing capacity of reinforced concrete ribbed slabs. Ten years ago the guideline of the Deutscher Ausschuss für Stahlbeton (DAfStb) “Loading tests on concrete structures” was published [1]. The following proposed studies that were conducted on a reinforced concrete ribbed slab construction of a structure built in 1958 at the TU Dresden are just one example of the now numerous applications of this guideline. Reasons for the detection of the current structural safety of the slab construction were the planned conversion of some rooms, the current structural condition, doubts over capacity, performance and fire protection and the previous structural analysis of the consulting engineers from KÖRNER + HACKEL (Dresden).
Firmen und Verbände: Bautechnik 1/2011
Authors: lsselmann Kari‐Heinz , Gürpinar Hasan
Published: December 2010

Nachhaltigkeitsanforderungen in den Planungs‐ und Bauablauf integrieren — Bericht zu einer Veranstaltung an der RWTH Aachen

Georg‐Donges‐Förderpreis verliehen
In vitro labeling of hydroxyapatite minerals by an engineered protein
Authors: Yuca Esra , Karatas Ayten Yazgan , Seker Urartu Ozgur Safak , Gungormus Mustafa , Dinler‐Doganay Gizem , Sarikaya Mehmet , Tamerler Candan
Published: December 2010

Biological and biomimetic synthesis of inorganics have been a major focus in hard tissue engineering as well as in green processing of advanced materials. Among the minerals formed by organisms, calcium phosphate mineralization is studied extensively to understand the formation of mineral‐rich tissues. Herein, we report an engineered fusion protein that not only targets calcium phosphate minerals but also allows monitoring of biomineralization. To produce the bi‐functional fusion protein, nucleotide sequence encoding combinatorially selected hydroxyapatite‐binding peptides (HABP) was genetically linked to the 3′ end of the open reading frame of green fluorescence protein (GFPuv) and successfully expressed in Escherichia coli. The fluorescence and binding activities of the bi‐functional proteins were characterized by, respectively, using fluorescence microscopy and quartz crystal microbalance spectroscopy. The utility of GFPuv‐HABP fusion protein was assessed for both time‐wise monitoring of mineralization and the visualization of the mineralized tissues. We used an alkaline phosphatase‐based reaction to control phosphate release, thereby mimicking biological processes, to monitor calcium phosphate mineralization. The increase in mineral amount was observed using the fusion protein at different time points. GFPuv‐HABP1 was also used for efficient fluorescence labeling of mineralized regions on the extracted human incisors. Our results demonstrate a simple and versatile application of inorganic‐binding peptides conjugated with bioluminescence proteins as bi‐functional bioimaging molecular probes that target mineralization, and which can be employed to a wide range of biomimetic processing and cell‐free tissue engineering. Bioeng. 2011; 108:1021–1030. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biological analysis of herbal medicines used for the treatment of liver diseases
Authors: Chien Chao‐Feng , Wu Yu‐Tse , Tsai Tung‐Hu
Published: December 2010

Herbal medicines have been used to treat liver disorders for thousands of years in the East and have now become a promising therapy internationally for pathological liver conditions. Biological analysis of hepatoprotective herbs is an important issue from the pharmacokinetic perspective in developing new therapeutic managements for liver disease. The biological analysis focuses on the pretreatment methods, separation and quantification of herbal medicines in biological samples. We have compiled and discuss the biological analytical method of six herbal medicines for liver protection containing Silybum marianum(silymarin), Glycyrrhiza glabra, Scutellaria baicalensis, Schisandra chinensis, Salvia miltiorrhiza and Astragalus membranaceus. This review provides a convenient reference for researchers to reduce time‐consuming method optimization. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxygen reduction electrode in advanced chlor‐alkali with ruthenium as electro‐catalyst
Authors: Joudaki E. , Hashemi S. J. , Mohammadi F. , Yousefi A. , Eivazkhani M.
Published: December 2010

The platinum (Pt) diffusion gas electrodes are frequently used in chlor‐alkali process industry. The platinum (Pt) diffusion gas electrodes used in advanced chlor‐alkali process has encountered many disadvantages such as flooding, which is the result of peroxide production phenomenon. The flooding reduces the process efficiency. In this article new electrodes are used to overcome some of the above‐mentioned disadvantages to increase efficiency. The effects of seven process parameters are also individually studied. The results show the brine concentration increase CCE by increasing, anolyte, oxygen temperatures, and flow rates. The brine concentration decreases as the current density increases. The Ru/C catalyst performance is higher than Pt/C catalyst. Besides, Ru effectively prevents the aggregation and growth of platinum nano‐particles in the thermal heating process. The higher activity, good stability, and the better caustic current efficiency of the Ru/C catalyst make it more suitable cathode in advanced chlor‐alkali process.
Fluidization and hydraulic behaviour of natural zeolite particles used for removal of contaminants from wastewater
Authors: Gallant J. , Prakash A. , Hogg LuVerne E. W.
Published: December 2010

Fluidization, bed expansion, pressure drop, and hydraulic characteristics of beds of natural zeolite particles have been studied for their potential application in the treatment of aqueous waste. The measurements in the bed of zeolite particles are compared with regular shaped glass beads. The bed of zeolite particles required to be fully fluidized before getting reproducible pressure measurements in the bed. This is attributed to their wider size distribution and resulting segregation. The mean size of the particles ranged from 550 to 900 µm. Minimum fluidization velocity was determined from pressure measurements below the distributor and compared with values from pressure measurements inside the bed. Experiments conducted with slurry out the bed showed that it could be easily drained in expanded mode from the column through a small diameter opening near the bottom.