bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effective valorization of barley bran for simultaneous cellulase and β-amylase production by Paenibacillus chitinolyticus CKS1: Statistical optimization and enzymes application
Authors: Mihajlovski Katarina , Davidovic Sladjana , Veljovic Djordje , Carevic Milica , Lazic Vesna , Dimitrijevic-Brankovic Suzana
Published: July 2017

The agricultural raw industry generates large amounts of annually by- -products that create disposal problems. Hitherto, there have been no reported papers about the simultaneous production of cellulase and ?-amylase from these raw materials using Paenibacillus sp. that would reduce the costs. Thus, in this paper simultaneous cellulase (CMC-ase and avicelase) and ?-amylase production using barley bran and the application of the natural isolate Paenibacillus chitinolyticus CKS1 and potential enzymes in the hydrolysis process was studied. Response surface methodology was used to obtain the maximum enzyme activity (CMC-ase 0.405 U mL-1, avicelase 0.433 U mL-1 and ?-amylase 1.594U mL-1). Scanning electron microscopy showed degradation of the lignocellulosic?starch structure of barley bran after fermentation. The CKS1 bacterial supernatant, which contains cellulases and ?-amylase, could hydrolyze cotton fibres and barley bran, respectively. The main products after enzymatic hydrolysis of cotton fibres and barley bran, glucose (0.117 g gmat -1) and maltose (0.347 g gmat -1), were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The produced enzymes could be used for hydrolysis of cotton fabric and barley bran to glucose and maltose, respectively. Application of simultaneous enzymes production using an agricultural by-product is economically and environmentally accepted and moreover, valuable biotechnological products, such as glucose and maltose, were obtained in this investigation.
Temperature-dependent thermal properties of spark plasma sintered alumina
Authors: Saheb Nouari , Hayat Umer
Published: July 2017

In this work, we report temperature-dependent thermal properties of alumina
powder and bulk alumina consolidated by spark plasma sintering method. The
properties were measured between room temperature and 250?C using a thermal
constants analyzer. Alumina powder had very low thermal properties due to the
presence of large pores and absence of bonding between its particles. Fully
dense alumina with a relative density of 99.6 % was obtained at a sintering
temperature of 1400?C and a holding time of 10 min. Thermal properties were
found to mainly dependent on density. Thermal conductivity, thermal
diffusivity, and specific heat of the fully dense alumina were 34.44 W/mK,
7.62 mm2s-1, and 1.22 J/gK, respectively, at room temperature. Thermal
conductivity and thermal diffusivity decreased while specific heat increased
with the increase in temperature from room temperature to 250?C.
Thermal shock properties of glass-ceramics synthesized from a glass frit
Authors: Cocic Mira , Matovic Branko , Posarac Milica , Volkov-Husovic Tatjana , Majstorovic Jelena , Tasic Visa , Devic Snezana , Vusovic Nenad
Published: July 2017

In this study, the behavior of glass-ceramics synthesized from a glass frit
of FFW (Final Flotation Waste) originated from the RTB Bor Company was
investigated. Thermal shock resistance was monitored in order to assess the
possibility of application of such waste material. Thermal shock of the
samples was conducted using water quench test. Image analysis and ultrasonic
measurements were used as nondestructive methods for quantification of
thermal shock damage at the surface and in the bulk of the specimens. Phase
composition of samples was determined by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). The
degradation level of samples was about 43 % after 20 cycles of water quench
tests. The results pointed out that glass-ceramic material exhibited good
thermal shock resistance.
Fabrication of Ni-Al/diamond composite based on layered and gradient structures of SHS system
Authors: Lu Jiafeng , Zhang Fenglin , Zhou Yumei , Huang Huiping , Wang Chengyong , Wu Shanghua , Lin Huatai
Published: July 2017

In this paper layered and gradient structures of Ni-Al SHS system were
adopted to manufacture Ni-Al/diamond composites. The effect of the layered
and the diamond mesh gradient structures of Ni-Al/diamond on the SHS process
and the microstructure of the composites were investigated. It is found that
with the increasing of the number of layers, the combustion wave velocity is
decreased. The combustion wave velocity for diamond mesh size gradient
structure of Ni-Al SHS is faster than that for the layered structure. A well
bonding can be formed between diamond and the matrix in layered and gradient
structure Ni-Al/diamond composites due to the melt of Ni-Cr brazing alloy.
Impact of biofuel in agglomeration process on production of pollutants
Authors: Lesko Jaroslav , Hudak Jozef , Semanova Zuzana
Published: July 2017

Production of agglomerate in the metallurgical company belongs among the
largest sources of emissions damaging the environment. Effects of coke breeze
substitution by charcoal, pine, and oak sawdust there were sintering
performed in a laboratory agglomeration pan with substitution ratios of 14 %
and 20 % by the emissions of CO2, CO, NOx and NO. Variations in the gas
emissions might have been affected by physical and chemical properties of the
input materials and the technological parameters of agglomeration. It is
important and necessary to seek other methods and materials with which it
would be possible to optimize the production of emissions and protect the
environment.
Effect of porosity, density and temperature on microstructure and mechanical behavior of hybrid premix sponge ferrous compact
Authors: Perianayagam Philomen , Kichenaradjao Palaniradja , Alluru Gopalakrishna
Published: July 2017

This study on hybrid premix sponge ferrous sintered materials is focused on
its mechanical properties and microstructure with respect to the amount of
porosity. The pressure of 430 MPa and sintering temperatures 1090?C, 1115?C,
and 1130?C in a Nitrogen atmosphere for an hour is followed to produce this
hybrid premix sponge ferrous compact. Radial crush strength, dimensional
change and micro hardness test were performed on these samples to determine
the mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used for
fractured surface analysis, while light optical microscopy (LOM) is used to
study the structure and pore formation. The study infers, as porosity
percentage increased, tendency of irregular pore formation increased with
simultaneous decrease in mechanical properties of the sample. Temperature of
sintering has a vital role in decreasing the porosity of powder materials.
Iron (III) oxide fabrication from natural clay with reference to phase transformation γ- → α-Fe2O3
Authors: Saponjic Aleksandra , Saponjic Djordje , Nikolic Violeta , Milosevic Maja , Marinovic-Cincovic Milena , Gyoshev Stanislav , Vukovic Marina , Kokunesoski Maja
Published: July 2017

Amorphous iron (III) oxide was obtained from clay, using ammonium hydroxide
as a precipitating agent. Influence of freeze drying under vacuum, as a
drying method, on particle size, chemical composition, and crystallinity of
obtained iron (III) oxide powder was investigated. After freeze drying,
precipitate was annealed in air at 500?C and 900?C. X-ray diffraction,
particle size analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive
spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and
differential thermal analysis were used to characterize obtained iron (III)
oxide powder. All of three powders obtained by freeze drying and annealing,
have low crystallinity and particles with irregular layered shape. Narrow
particle size distribution was given by an average diameter value of around
50 ?m for all observed powders. Iron-bearing materials like ?-Fe2O3 and ?-
Fe2O3 are obtained. Differential thermal analysis curve of obtained samples
showed endothermic reaction at 620?C which could be ascribed to phase
transition from cubic form ?- ? ?- Fe2O3. Thermal transformations of iron
(III) oxide, obtained from clay as a natural source, is suitable to explore
in the framework of materials chemistry, and opens the possibility to
synthesize materials based on Fe2O3 with specific magnetic behavior.
Informed consent in elective gynecological surgery
Authors: Petric Aleksandra , Mitic Dejan
Published: July 2017

nema
Posterior cranial base natural growth and development: A systematic review
Authors: Currie Kris , Sawchuk Dena , Saltaji Humam , Oh Heesoo , Flores-Mir Carlos , Lagravere Manuel
Published: July 2017

Objective:

To provide a synthesis of the published studies evaluating the natural growth and development of the human posterior cranial base (S-Ba).

Materials and Methods:

The search was performed on MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and all EBM Reviews electronic databases. In addition, reference lists of the included studies were hand-searched. Articles were included if they analyzed posterior cranial-base growth in humans specifically. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were completed in duplicate. A meta-analysis was not justified.

Results:

Finally, 23 published studies were selected: 5 cross-sectional and 18 cohort studies. Articles were published between 1955 and 2015, and all were published in English. The sample sizes varied between 20 and 397 individuals and consisted of craniofacial measurements from either living or deceased human skulls. Validity of the measurements was not determined in any of the studies, while six papers reported some form of reliability assessment. All the articles included multiple time points within the same population or data from multiple age groups. Growth of S-Ba was generally agreed to be from spheno-occipital synchondrosis growth. Basion displaced downward and backward and sella turcica moved downward and backward during craniofacial growth. Timing of cessation of S-Ba growth was not conclusive due to limited identified evidence.

Conclusions:

Current evidence suggests that S-Ba is not totally stable, as its dimensions change throughout craniofacial growth and a minor dimensional change is observed even in late adulthood.
Comparative study of root resorption of maxillary incisors in patients treated with lingual and buccal orthodontics
Authors: Nassif Carlos Eduardo , Cotrim-Ferreira Andreia , Conti Ana Claudia Castro Ferreira , Valarelli Danilo Pinelli , de Almeida Cardoso Mauricio , de Almeida-Pedrin Renata Rodrigues
Published: July 2017

Objective:

To compare the magnitude of external apical root resorption (EARR) of maxillary incisors in patients with mild to moderate anterior crowding, treated with lingual and conventional (labial) orthodontics.

Materials and Methods:

The sample comprised 40 patients divided into two groups: lingual (20 patients) and conventional buccal brackets (20 patients). Patient ages ranged from 11 to 45 years, and the study included 12 men and 28 women. Apical root resorption was measured from periapical radiographs obtained at the beginning of treatment (T1) and at the end of the leveling phase (T2). Periapical radiographs were scanned and transferred to the CorelDraw X7 image-processing program, in which measurements of root lengths were performed. For intragroup and intergroup comparisons between the T1 and T2 phases, paired and independent t-tests, respectively, were used at 5% significance.

Results:

There was significant apical root resorption for all teeth evaluated; the magnitude of the EARR (T2−T1) ranged from −0.35 mm to −0.63 mm in the lingual group, and from −0.66 mm to −0.85 mm in the conventional group. Although there was an intergroup variation in the magnitude of EARR observed, no statistically significant differences were found. Neither group presented any teeth with resorption ≥1 mm.

Conclusions:

The magnitude of apical root resorption in maxillary incisors in patients with anterior crowding was similar regardless of orthodontic technique, lingual or conventional. Both techniques resulting in an apical rounding considered clinically insignificant.
Data Mining Approach for Breast Cancer Patient Recovery
Authors: Fahrudin Tresna Maulana , Syarif Iwan , Barakbah Ali Ridho
Published: July 2017

Breast cancer is the second highest cancer type which attacked Indonesian women. There are several factors known related to encourage an increased risk of breast cancer, but especially in Indonesia that factors often depends on the treatment routinely. This research examines the determinant factors of breast cancer and measures the breast cancer patient data to build the useful classification model using data mining approach.The dataset was originally taken from one of Oncology Hospital in East Java, Indonesia, which consists of 1097 samples, 21 attributes and 2 classes. We used three different feature selection algorithms which are Information Gain, Fisherâ€™s Discriminant Ratio and Chi-square to select the best attributes that have great contribution to the data. We applied Hierarchical K-means Clustering to remove attributes which have lowest contribution. Our experiment showed that only 14 of 21 original attributes have the highest contribution factor of the breast cancer data. The clustering algorithmdecreased the error ratio from 44.48% (using 21 original attributes) to 18.32% (using 14 most important attributes).We also applied the classification algorithm to build the classification model and measure the precision of breast cancer patient data. The comparison of classification algorithms between NaÃ¯ve Bayes and Decision Tree were both given precision reach 92.76% and 92.99% respectively by leave-one-out cross validation. The information based on our data research, the breast cancer patient in Indonesia especially in East Java must be improved by the treatment routinely in the hospital to get early recover of breast cancer which it is related with adherence of patient.
Financial integration in the European Union - the impact of the crisis on the bond market
Authors: Vukovic Darko B. , Hanic Edin , Hanic Hasan
Published: July 2017

Research background: In our paper we have analyzed the influence of the crisis on the financial integration in the European Monetary Union. We have analyzed EMU capital market to show the impact of the crisis, with the focus on the bonds market. The determinants of the research are yields and standard deviations on medium-term and long-term triple-A bond markets, as well as CDS medium-term premiums. Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to show the volatility of researched deter-minants in periods of crisis in EMU zones.Methods: As a model we used a modified theoretical CAL portfolio model. In the last fifteen years Europe has been faced with two major crises: the world economic crisis and sovereign debt crisis.Findings & Value added: We believe that the sovereign crisis hit EMU more, leaving the deeper implications on the financial integration. Our analysis has showed that the crisis had a major impact on the financial integration. Yields and standard deviations increased multiply in periods of crisis and left the impact of volatility on the capital market. However, the degree of convergence of euro area bond markets largely stabilized in last two years.
Earnings forecasts errors in prospectuses: evidence from initial public offerings on the Warsaw Stock Exchange
Authors: Wawryszuk-Misztal Anna
Published: July 2017

Research background: Several studies investigated the issue of accuracy of earnings fore-casts disclosed in IPO prospectus because of its importance in the investor?s decisions. Disclosing earnings forecasts can reduce information asymmetry and encourage potential investors to buy offered shares. The accuracy of earnings forecasts, and especially its deter-minants, was explored by some researchers, but for Polish companies such studies have not been conducted.Purpose of the article: The first objective of this study is to examine the bias and accuracy of earnings forecasts disclosed in IPO prospectuses by Polish companies attempting to be listed on the main market of the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The second aim of this paper is to identify the relationship between the absolute fore-cast error employed as a measure of earnings accuracy and a number of company specific characteristics such as company?s size, leverage, forecast horizon, managerial ownership, number of shares offered to investors (in relation to total shares before IPO).Methods: The empirical analysis were conducted on a sample of 102 domestic companies that performed IPOs on the main market of the Warsaw Stock Exchange during 2006-2015 and disclosed earnings forecasts in IPO prospectus. The forecast error (FER) and absolute forecast error (AFER) were adopted as a measure of accuracy of earnings forecasts. The non-parametric test was employed to achieve the adopted aims.Findings & Value added: The results show that, on average, the forecasted earnings exceed the actual earnings (i.e. the earnings forecasts are optimistic) and fore-casts are inaccurate. Moreover, the optimistic forecasts are more inaccurate than pessimistic ones. The findings of multiple regression model show that three independent variables may affect the level of absolute forecast error: the company?s size, managerial ownership and forecast horizon.
Signaling hypotheses of share repurchase ? life cycle approach. The case of Polish listed companies
Authors: Wrońska-Bukalska Elżbieta , Kaźmierska-Jóźwiak Bogna
Published: July 2017

Research background: Payout policy has attracted a great deal of research, how-ever it still has not been satisfactorily explained why corporations repurchase their shares. The most popular explanation for share repurchases is their signaling power. An alternative explanation for share repurchases is related to free cash flow. We assume that both theories are not competitive, due to the fact that the motives for share repurchases may differ depending on the firm?s life cycle stage.Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to test the hypotheses that companies in growth stage are more prone to repurchase their shares due to the their undervaluation.Methods: Our analysis focuses on 116 repurchase on WSE and 47 repurchase on NewCon-nect in Poland during the period 2004?2016 to test the hypothesis. We assume that companies listed on WSE are in their mature stage while listed on NewConnect are in the growth stage. We use market value to book the value ratio (M/BV) and the relation of M/BV ratio for the repurchasing company to the M/BV ratio for the whole market at the date of implementing share repurchase program as a proxies for firm valuation.Findings & Value added: Our study does not confirm that repurchased companies at a growth stage are more undervalued than repurchased companies at a mature stage (at statistically significant level), however there are more repurchased companies at a growth stage with lower M/BV value than repurchase companies in mature stage.  Adding corporate life cycle theory into the study, our result can contribute to the literature by more distinctly understanding the motivation of share repurchases. The results might be helpful for companies to determine their financial policies and for investors to determine their investment decisions.
The impact of sales service in MAREA trading simulation under changing environment circumstances
Authors: Šperka Roman , Halaška Michal
Published: July 2017

Research background: Managerial scientists use a lot of modelling techniques for business processes. In this paper we are focused on agent-based modelling and simulations, which emerged in the last two decades as a new approach. Autonomous and interacting intelligent agents are able to model and simulate complex systems in the business sphere. With the use of agent-based modelling and simulations we are able to understand how macro level outcomes are affected by micro level processes and vice versa.Purpose of the article: The purpose of the paper is to introduce recent development in the area of agent-based modelling and simulations focused on the business domain. Managers often have to make difficult decisions under the uncertainty and high risks. Agent-based modelling can provide powerful tools for lowering those risks through a possibility of running experiments, which is normally impossible in economics. In the second part we want to support the usefulness of agent-based simulations with our own simulations.Methods: The method used in this article is an agent-based simulation in a multi-agent system. We use a framework called MAREA. It is a simulation environment with integrated ERP system based on REA ontology. Our simulation model is based on a retail company that sells electronics. For simplicity, in our setup we trade with computer cables.Findings & Value added: In our simulations we experimented with the quality of sales service provided by company?s sales representatives. We investigated the impact of quality of sales service on company KPIs under the changing environment circumstances represented by disturbance agent. The quality of sales service is a part of quality of service and thus it affects the perception of brand and loyalty of customers towards the company. In our simulation setup we work with two types of customers, long-term customers and new ones. The result is that quality of sales service has mostly positive effects on company KPIs.
Esther Herrera Z. y Pedro Martín Butragueño (eds.), La tonía: dimensiones fonéticas y fonológicas. El Colegio de México, México, 2003; 422 pp. (Estudios de Lingüística, 4).
Authors: Madrid Servín Edgar A.
Published: July 2017

Se reseñó el libro: La tonía: dimensiones fonéticas y fonológicas.
Antonio Alatorre, El sueño erótico en la poesía española de los siglos de oro. F.C.E., México, 2003; 197 pp.
Authors: Venier Martha Elena
Published: July 2017

Se reseñó el libro: El sueño erótico en la poesía española de los siglos de oro.
Antonio Alatorre (1922-2010)
Authors: Venier Martha Elena
Published: July 2017

Con la disciplina a la que era fiel había guardado en su memoria, y en fichas o apuntes no fácilmente numerables, materia suficiente para escribir sobre el millar de años del español, libro que ahora es, para los que leen, distracción instructiva –como he podido comprobar en mis alumnos de licenciatura en ciencia política–, elaborar una antología comentada, sobre el sueño amoroso entre los poetas españoles de los siglos de oro y los sonetos italianos que en ellos influyeron, sin prescindir de su interés, alimentado durante muchos años, por la poesía de la monja jerónima y la dedicación sin tasa a la NRFH, que por más de dosdecenios no salió, literalmente, de otras manos que las suyas.
Fernando Basurto, Florindo. Edición de Alberto del Río Nogueras. Centro de Estudios Cervantinos, Alcalá de Henares, 2007; xxxix + 324 pp. (Los libros de Rocinante, 24).
Authors: Higashi Alejandro
Published: July 2017

Se reseñó el libro: Florindo. Edición de Alberto del Río Nogueras.
“Entre a pedra e a estrela”: astronomia e geodesia no Romance d’A Pedra do Reino e o Príncipe do Sangue do Vai-e-Volta
Authors: Melo Érico
Published: July 2017

A análise astronômica do céu durante episódios-chave do grande romance de Ariano Suassuna aponta para uma minuciosa alegorização de certos planetas e constelações zodiacais. Esta leitura procura demonstrar a intensiva interpenetração entre céu e terra nos panos de fundo siderais e topográficos do livro.
Eça de Queirós: mercado literário e classe social
Authors: Bittencourt Rodrigo Do Prado
Published: July 2017

Este artigo tem por objetivo investigar a relação entre a escrita e classe social na vida de quatro personagens de três livros de Eça de Queirós: Artur Corvelo, de A Capital! (começos duma carreira); Carlos da Maia e João da Ega, de Os Maias: episódios da vida romântica; e Gonçalo Mendes Ramires, de A ilustre casa de Ramires. Assim, faz-se necessário conhecer o “campo literário” (Bourdieu, 1996) português da segunda metade do século XIX para melhor entender as influências condicionantes que pesavam sobre o escritor iniciante.
Comparison of intraosseous pentobarbital administration and thoracic compression for euthanasia of anesthetized sparrows (Passer domesticus) and starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)
Authors: Paul-Murphy Joanne R. , Engilis Andrew , Pascoe Peter J. , Williams D. Colette , Gustavsen Kate A. , Drazenovich Tracy L. , Keel M. Kevin , Polley Tamsen M. , Engilis Irene E.
Published: July 2017

OBJECTIVE To compare intraosseous pentobarbital treatment (IPT) and thoracic compression (TC) on time to circulatory arrest and an isoelectric electroencephalogram (EEG) in anesthetized passerine birds.

ANIMALS 30 wild-caught adult birds (17 house sparrows [Passer domesticus] and 13 European starlings [Sturnus vulgaris]).

PROCEDURES Birds were assigned to receive IPT or TC (n = 6/species/group). Birds were anesthetized, and carotid arterial pulses were monitored by Doppler methodology. Five subdermal braided-wire electrodes were used for EEG. Anesthetic depth was adjusted until a continuous EEG pattern was maintained, then euthanasia was performed. Times from initiation of euthanasia to cessation of carotid pulse and irreversible isoelectric EEG (indicators of death) were measured. Data (medians and first to third quartiles) were summarized and compared between groups within species. Necropsies were performed for all birds included in experiments and for another 6 birds euthanized under anesthesia by TC (4 sparrows and 1 starling) or IPT (1 sparrow).

RESULTS Median time to isoelectric EEG did not differ significantly between treatment groups for sparrows (19.0 and 6.0 seconds for TC and IPT, respectively) or starlings (88.5 and 77.5 seconds for TC and IPT, respectively). Median times to cessation of pulse were significantly shorter for TC than for IPT in sparrows (0.0 vs 18.5 seconds) and starlings (9.5 vs 151.0 seconds). On necropsy, most (14/17) birds that underwent TC had grossly visible coelomic, pericardial, or perihepatic hemorrhage.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that TC might be an efficient euthanasia method for small birds. Digital pressure directly over the heart during TC obstructed venous return, causing rapid circulatory arrest, with rupture of the atria or vena cava in several birds. The authors propose that cardiac compression is a more accurate description than TC for this procedure.
Comparison of cardiac output measured by use of computed tomography and thermodilution in dogs
Authors: Tenenbaum Sharon , Garcia-Pereira Fernando L. , Berry Clifford R. , Obert Tori
Published: July 2017

OBJECTIVE To compare cardiac output (CO) measured by use of CT coronary angiography and thermodilution (criterion-referenced standard) at various CO values, record adverse effects, and determine the time needed to measure CO.

ANIMALS 5 healthy purpose-bred Beagles (2 males and 3 females).

PROCEDURES A prospective nonrandomized crossover study was conducted. Dogs were premedicated with butorphanol tartrate (0.2 mg•kg−1, IM). Anesthesia was induced by IV administration of etomidate (1 to 2 mg•kg−1) and midazolam (0.25 mg•kg−1). Orotracheal intubation was performed, and anesthesia was maintained by administration of isoflurane. The CO was determined by use of thermodilution and by use of CT at 3 CO values. Dobutamine was infused at various rates to obtain the 3 CO values.

RESULTS 13 values were obtained and analyzed. The mean ± SD difference between methods was 0.09 ± 0.71 L•min−1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52 to −0.34 L•min−1). Only 1 of 13 values was located on the 100% agreement line (ie, 0 line), 7 of 13 values were located within the 95% CI, and 5 of 13 values were outside the 95% CI.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE For this study, there was poor agreement between the 2 methods. The 95% CI interval was 0.52 to −0.34 L•min−1, and 5 of 13 values were outside the 95% CI. Therefore, results for the CT method appeared to be inappropriate for use in making clinical decisions.
Pharmacokinetics and egg residues after oral administration of a single dose of meloxicam in domestic chickens (Gallus domesticus)
Authors: Souza Marcy J. , Bergman Joan B. , White Molly S. , Gordon Kristen I. , Gerhardt Lillian E. , Cox Sherry K.
Published: July 2017

OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in domestic hens and duration and quantity of drug residues in their eggs following PO administration of a single dose (1 mg of meloxicam/kg).

ANIMALS 8 healthy adult White Leghorn hens.

PROCEDURES Hens were administered 1 mg of meloxicam/kg PO once. A blood sample was collected immediately before and at intervals up to 48 hours after drug administration. The hens' eggs were collected for 3 weeks after drug administration. Samples of the hens' plasma, egg whites (albumen), and egg yolks were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography.

RESULTS The half-life, maximum concentration, and time to maximum concentration of meloxicam in plasma samples were 2.8 hours, 7.21 μg/mL, and 2 hours, respectively. Following meloxicam administration, the drug was not detected after 4 days in egg whites and after 8 days in egg yolks.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that meloxicam administered at a dose of 1 mg/kg PO in chickens appears to maintain plasma concentrations equivalent to those reported to be therapeutic for humans for 12 hours. The egg residue data may be used to aid establishment of appropriate drug withdrawal time recommendations.
Randomized placebo-controlled study of the effects of Yunnan Baiyao on hemostasis in horses
Authors: Ness SallyAnne L. , Frye Amelia H. , Divers Thomas J. , Rishniw Mark , Erb Hollis N. , Brooks Marjory B.
Published: July 2017

OBJECTIVE To determine effects of oral administration of Yunnan Baiyao on platelet activation, coagulation, and fibrinolysis in healthy horses.

ANIMALS 12 healthy adult horses.

PROCEDURES In a randomized blinded crossover study that included a 4-week washout period between treatments, horses were orally administered a paste containing Yunnan Baiyao (15 mg/kg) or placebo at 12-hour intervals for 3 days. Blood samples were collected before start of treatment (time 0) and at 24 and 72 hours for a CBC, measurement of fibrinogen concentration, coagulation screening tests, and a panel of assays to assess platelet activation (including ADP- and collagen-induced aggregation and closure times, flow-cytometric variables of platelet-leukocyte aggregates, platelet membrane P-selectin and phosphatidylserine expression, and microparticle release), von Willebrand factor (vWF) concentration, and cofactor activity. In addition, thrombelastography was used to evaluate fibrin formation in tissue factor–activated whole blood and plasma and to assess tissue plasminogen activator–induced plasma fibrinolysis. For each treatment, values obtained before and 72 hours after start of administration were compared by use of Wilcoxon signed rank tests.

RESULTS Yunnan Baiyao treatment had no significant effect on any hemostatic variable, compared with results for the placebo treatment.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Administration of Yunnan Baiyao at a dosage typically used in clinical practice had no effect on in vitro measures of platelet or vWF function and no enhancement of fibrin-clot formation or stability. Any hemostatic actions of Yunnan Baiyao may require higher dosages or result from cell-surface interactions at sites of vascular and tissue injury not examined in this study.
Deceptive Threads: Staging a Migrant Archive
Authors: Joseph David
Published: July 2017

David Joseph’s solo show, Deceptive Threads, dramatizes the story of his two grandfathers by drawing on archival material that exposed the hidden history of these two men, and ultimately his wider family. The recipient of the 2015 Moise A. Khayrallah Center art prize, Joseph’s play skillfully unravels the many threads that constitute the playwright’s complex Lebanese and Australian identity. In the following piece, Joseph explains his motivations for writing this solo play, his attempts to recover his Lebanese identity through it, and the significance of particular theatrical techniques and props used for this recovery. Also included is the full script of Deceptive Threads, as well as a link to a recording of his performance.
Deceptive Threads: Play
Authors: Joseph David
Published: July 2017

Cover image: Photograph by Ponch Hawkes.
The Effects of Some Drugs Used to Treat Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) Diseases and Pests on Lifespan of Honeybees
Authors: Özkök Duran , Akyol Ethem
Published: July 2017

This study was conducted to determine the effects of BayvarolÂ®, Fumidil-BÂ®, Neo-TerramycinÂ® on adult honeybee lifespan. Total twenty honeybee colonies were used and randomly divided into four groups (each group consisted of five colonies). Experimental groups: Bayvarol Â®, Fumidil-BÂ® and Neo-TerramycinÂ® were treated to first, second and third groups, respectively. No treatment was done to forth group taken as control group. A hundred one day old worker bees were taken from each group and marked with different colors and numbered on the thorax. After the marked, all worker bees were given into the observation hive. Marked worker bees were controlled and counted daily. Statistical analysis of data was done by variance analysis method and between groups comparisons were done with Duncan's multiple range tests. Average lifespans of the first, second, third and control groups were 44.97±4.90, 46.86±6.56, 45.38±6.12 and 47.72±6.06 days, respectively. There were found statistically significant differences among average lifespan of first, second, third and control groups. This study showed that some drugs used to treat diseases and pests reasoned a negative effect on the lifespan of honeybees.
Optimization Model for Machinery Selection of Multi-Crop Farms in Elsuki Agricultural Scheme
Authors: Mohamed Mysara Ahmed , Kheiry Abdalla Noureldin Osman , Rahama Abbas Elshiekh , Alameen Alameen Alwathig
Published: July 2017

The optimization machinery model was developed to aid decision-makers and farm machinery managers in determining the optimal number of tractors, scheduling the agricultural operation and minimizing machinery total costs. For purpose of model verification, validation and application input data was collected from primary & secondary sources from Elsuki agricultural scheme for two seasons namely 2011-2012 and 2013-2014. Model verification was made by comparing the numbers of tractors of Elsuki agricultural scheme for season 2011-2012 with those estimated by the model. The model succeeded in reducing the number of tractors and operation total cost by 23%. The effect of optimization model on elements of direct cost saving indicated that the highest cost saving is reached with depreciation, repair and maintenance (23%) and the minimum cost saving is attained with fuel cost (22%). Sensitivity analysis in terms of change in model input for each of cultivated area and total costs of operations showing that: Increasing the operation total cost by 10% decreased the total number of tractors after optimization by 23% and total cost of operations was also decreased by 23%. Increasing the cultivated area by 10%, decreased the total number of tractors after optimization by(12%) and total cost of operations was also decreased by 12% (16669206 SDG(1111280 $) to 14636376 SDG(975758 $)). For the case of multiple input effect of the area and operation total cost resulted in decrease maximum number of tractors by 12%, and the total cost of operations also decreased by 12%. It is recommended to apply the optimization model as pre-requisite for improving machinery management during implementation of machinery scheduling.
Bor Gübrelemesinin Şeker Pancarında (Beta vulgaris L.) Verim Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: Durak Alper , Karan Gülin Ulubaş
Published: July 2017

Bu çalışmada, bor uygulamalarının şeker pancarında azot, fosfor, potasyum konsantrasyonu ile verim üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışma Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi arazisinde toprak taksonomisine göre tipik ustifluvent alt grubuna ait topraklar üzerine kurulmuştur. Deneme, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak 4 farklı dozda bor (0, 0,18, 0,27 ve 0,36 B kg da-1) uygulanmıştır. Uygulanan 3 farklı dozun (0,18, 0,27 ve 0,36 B kg da-1) şeker pancarında verim özelliklerinden; yumru ağırlığı, yaprak ağırlığı ve yumruda polar şeker oranına etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu özelliklerden yaprak ağırlığı ve polar şeker içeriğinde istatistiki önemli fark bulunmazken, yumru ağırlığı açısından 0,18 kg da-1 B (1 kg da-1 tarım bor) uygulamasının verimi arttırdığı istatistiki olarak 0,01 düzeyinde önemli bulunmuştur. Bor gübrelemesi yapılırken toprakların bor içerikleri belirlenmeli ve bor uygulanacak bitki türleri mutlaka dikkate alınmalıdır.
Etlik Piliçlerin Beslenmesinde Böceklerin Kullanılması
Authors: Işık Özgün , Kırkpınar Figen
Published: July 2017

Hızlı ve yüksek canlı ağırlık artışının esas alındığı etlik piliç üretiminde, hayvanların besin maddesi ve enerji ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak önemlidir. Bu ihtiyaçları karşılamak için kullanılan geleneksel yem hammaddelerinin üretiminde ve ithalatında yaşanan sorunlar nedeniyle, alternatif yem hammaddeleri aranmaktadır. Bu amaçla tavukların doğal rasyonlarında bulunan böcekler umut verici gözükmektedir. Özellikle protein yemlerine alternatif olarak üzerinde en çok çalışma yapılan türler arasında asker sineği (Hermetica illucens), karasinek (Musca domestica), çayır cırcır böceği (Gryllus testaceus), ipek böceği (Bombyx mori), çekirge (Acrididae) ve un kurdu (Tenebrio molitor) yer almaktadır.
Tuz Stresinin Nane (Mentha piperita L.)‘de Büyüme ile Uçucu Yağ Miktarı ve Bileşenleri Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: Göktürk Baydar Nilgün , Çoban Özkan
Published: July 2017

Nane (Mentha piperita L.) güçlü kokusu ve tadı ile tıbbi ve aromatik bitkiler içinde yer alan önemli bitki türlerinden biridir. Yaprak ve uçucu yağları kozmetik, gıda, ilaç ve kişisel bakım ürünlerinde kullanılmaktadır. Tıbbi ve aromatik bitkilerde verim ve sekonder metabolit biyosentezinin abiyotik stres faktörlerinden aşırı derecede etkilendikleri bilinmektedir. Tuzluluk da bitkileri etkileyen en önemli stres faktörlerinden biridir. Bu araştırma, tuz stresinin nane bitkisinde büyüme ile uçucu yağ miktarı ve bileşenleri üzerine olan etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla üç farklı konsantrasyonda sodyum klorür (NaCl) (0, 100 ve 150 mM) uygulamalarının yapıldığı araştırmada, incelenen bütün kriterlerin NaCl uygulamalarından önemli derecede etkilendikleri belirlenmiştir. Sürgün uzunluğu, yaş ve kuru bitki ağırlıkları ile uçucu yağ içeriğinin NaCl seviyelerindeki artışla birlikte önemli derecede azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Bunların yanı sıra NaCl uçucu yağ bileşenlerinde de farklılıklara neden olmuştur. NaCl konsantrasyonunun 150 mM seviyesine çıkmasıyla nane yağının ana bileşenlerinden olan mentol ve menton miktarlarının önemli miktarda düştüğü saptanmıştır. Bütün bu sonuçlardan NaCl‘nin nane bitkisinin büyüme, uçucu yağ içeriği ve uçucu yağ kalitesini özellikle yüksek konsantrasyonlarda olumsuz yönde ve dikkate değer bir biçimde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir.
Study on Movement and Accumulation of Trifluralin in Medium-Textured Soils
Authors: Kanburoglu Çebi Ulviye , Çakır Recep , Tok Hasan Hayri
Published: July 2017

The aim of the study was to evaluate the movement and accumulation of 2,6 – dinitro – NN – dipropyl – 4 - trifluoromethylanil (trifluralin) in soil under irrigated conditions. Despite its hazardous effects this herbicide is widely used in the country. The herbicide researched, is known to be one of the most resistant and least mobile pesticides used in the country. The investigations were carried out, using drainage type lysimeters with application of two different doses of trifluralin and three irrigation water levels. Irrigations were applied during three stages used as indicators for irrigation scheduling of the sunflower crop. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were taken from the original field in the beginning and from the tanks after completing of the study. Trifluralin analyses were completed using gas chromatography technique. The results of the study determined that the amounts of the herbicide and its degradation product (2-ethyl-4-nitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1H-benzimidazole) in the ranges of 3.04 – 0.1 and 4.128- 0.344 ppm, respectively were accumulated in the lysimeter soils during the 5-year research period. The highest amounts of trifluralin and its degradation product were measured in the 0-30 cm soil layer, of the treatment with higher applied herbicide amount and deficit irrigation.
Batı Akdeniz Bölgesi'nde Kırsal Kalkınma Yatırımlarını Destekleme Programı'ndan Yararlanan İşletmelerin Destekleme Programını Kullanmalarını Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi
Authors: Taşcıoğlu Yavuz , Sayın Cengiz
Published: July 2017

Sanayileşme ile birlikte dünyada değişim yaşanmış, kalkınma çabaları kentsel alanlarda yoğunlaşmıştır. Bu durum kırsal alanı olumsuz yönde etkilemiş ve bölgelerarası ekonomik dengesizliklerin ortaya çıkması ile kırsal kalkınma çalışmalarının önemi artmıştır. Planlı dönemle birlikte Türkiye‘de kırsal kalkınma çalışmaları artmış ve stratejiler, projeler ve programlar geliştirilmeye başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmalardan birisi de 2006 yılında yürürlüğe giren Kırsal Kalkınma Yatırımlarının Desteklenmesi Programı (KKYDP)‘dır. Programın amacı kırsal alan gelir düzeyini arttırmak, tarımsal üretim ile tarımsal sanayinin entegrasyonunu sağlamak, gıda güvenliği güçlendirmek, kırsal alanda alternatif gelir kaynakları yaratmaktır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye genelinde uygulanan KKYDP kapsamında Batı Akdeniz Bölgesi'nde programdan yararlananların tutum ve davranışları, programdan yararlanmalarını etki eden faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, araştırma alanında programdan yararlanan toplam 96 adet işletme ile yüz yüze görüşmeye dayalı anket uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, işletmelerin KKYDP‘nı tercihinde etkili olan faktörlerin belirlenmesi ve işletmeleri yatırım yapmalarını etkileyen unsurların ortaya konulması için faktör analizi uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada, faktör analizinde programdan yararlanan işletmelerin bu destekten yararlanmasında etkili olan 12 adet değişken 3 faktörde birleştirilmiştir. Bu faktörler “desteğin bölgeye uygunluğu ve destek hakkında bilgi sahibi olma”, “desteğin istihdam olanağı” ve “desteğin çevreye duyarlılığı” şekilde bulunmuştur.
Relationship between Soil Properties and Plant Diversity in Semiarid Grassland
Authors: Dölarslan Melda , Gül Ebru , Erşahin Sabit
Published: July 2017

In ecological studies, soil-plant interaction is an important environmental factor. Soil chemical and physical properties affect plant richness and diversity. This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between soil physical and chemical properties, and plant diversity indexes (Shannon-Weiner and Simpson) in semiarid grassland. Plant diversity indexes and soil properties were determined using 34 quadrats (5x5m) on different parent materials (chrome, marble, serpentine, red chalk and red chalk mostra) in semiarid grasslands in the Central Anatolia Region in Turkey. Plant samples were collected and recorded periodically from April to September (the vegetation period) in 2014 for each quadrat. In order to determine the plant richness and diversity indexes, 3 sub-quadrats (1x1m) were randomly added into each of 34 (5x5 m) quadrats. To evaluate the relationship between plant diversity indexes and soil properties, composite soil samples were collected from the four corners, and the center of each quadrat 0-30 cm in depth, and which was mixing of those subsamples. Soil sand-silt-clay contents, soil reaction (pH), bulk density (BD), electrical conductivity (EC), CaCO3 and soil organic matter (SOM) contents were measured. Relationship between plant diversity indexes measured in different months during vegetation period and soil properties of different parent material was statistically analysed using correlation analysis in SPSS 20.0. Modest correlation coefficient was found between the Simpson diversity index and SOM content, sand-silt-clay content, pH and EC for different months in vegetation period.
Menşe İşaretli Karnavas Dut Pekmezi‘nin Tüketici Tercihlerine Dayalı Pazarlama Stratejileri
Authors: Topcu Yavuz , Baran Derya
Published: July 2017

Çalışmanın amacı, Erzurum‘da ikamet eden tüketicilerin menşe işaretli Karnavas Dut Pekmezi tüketim tercihleri ve satın alma modellerini etkileyen temel faktörlere dayalı bütünsel pazarlama stratejilerini belirlemektir. Çalışmanın ana materyali, Erzurum ilinde ikamet eden ve Karnavas Dut Pekmezi tüketen 401 hane halkı ile yapılan anket çalışmasından elde edilen birincil verilerden oluşmaktadır. Elde edilen verileri dikkate alarak; satın alma kararı üzerinde etkili olan ana faktörlerin belirlenmesinde Temel Bileşenler Analizi (PCA) ve tüketicilerin tüketim sıklıklarına göre grupların oluşturulmasında İki Aşamalı Kümeleme Analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları; Karnavas Dut Pekmezi‘ni yoğun ve ılımlı düzeyde tüketen kullanıcılar sırasıyla doğrudan pazarlama yaklaşımları altında kırsal kalkınmaya katkı sağlamak için menşe etiketli bütünsel kalite ve geleneksel üretim metotlarından sağlanan duyusal kalite niteliklerini dikkate alan yerel markalı genişletilmiş ve gerçek mamul imajlarının perakende seviyesinde konumlandırılmasının gerekliliğine işaret etmişlerdir. Diğer taraftan düşük düzeyde kullanıcılar ise, geleneksel üretim metotları ve hedonik kalite yaklaşımını uygulayan yerel markalı gerçek mamul imajları altında mamullerin konumlandırılması ve tutundurma karması ile yayılım etkisinin artacağı üzerine odaklanmışlardır. Bu yüzden her bir segmentteki kullanıcıların ihtiyaç ve istekleri dikkate alınarak, onların fayda beklentileri ile mamul imajlarına göre konumlandırma ve tutundurma stratejileri uygulanabilir.
Solanum melongena ve Solanum torvum‘un Çiçek Tozu Çimlenme ve Canlılıklarının Belirlenmesi ve Solanum melongena x Solanum torvum Melezlerinden in vitro Koşullarda Bitki Elde Edilmesi
Authors: Yücel Namık Kemal , Boyacı Hatice Filiz , Büyükalaca Saadet
Published: July 2017

Dünyada ve Türkiye‘de patlıcan üretimini kısıtlayan en önemli faktörlerin başında toprak kökenli fungal hastalıklar ve zararlılar gelmektedir. Fungal hastalıklardan Fusarium ve Verticillium, zararlılardan Nematod önemli verim kayıplarına neden olmaktadır. Bu patojenler hem açıkta hem de sera yetiştiriciliğinde zarar yapmakta, önemli verim kayıplarına neden olmaktadır. Mücadele yöntemleri içerisinde en güvenli yol dayanıklı çeşit veya anaç kullanmaktır. Her üç patojene dayanıklılığı sağlayan genler patlıcanın kültür formunda bulunmamakta, yabani akrabası olan Solanum torvum Sw‘da mevcuttur. Ancak S. torvum‘dan kaynaklanan uyuşmazlık nedeni ile türler arası melezleme gerçekleştirilememekte, doğal yollardan kültür formuna dayanıklılığı sağlayan genler aktarılamamaktadır. Türler arası melezlemelerde başarısızlığın nedenlerini anlamak için öncelikli olarak çiçek tozu canlılıkları ve çimlenme oranlarının tespit edilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu araştırmada, Aydın siyahı ve Kemer çeşitleri ile Solanum torvum yabani formunda çiçek tozu canlılıkları ve çimlenme oranları tespit edilmiştir. Çiçek tozu canlılık oranları TTC testi yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Petride agar yöntemi ise çiçek tozu çimlenme oranlarının belirlenmesinde kullanılmıştır. In vitro koşullarda melez bireyler elde etmek amacıyla Kemer ve Aydın Siyahı çeşitleri ile S. torvum arasında resiprokal melezlemeler yapılmıştır. Melezlemeden 25, 30 ve 35 gün sonra meyveler in vitro koşullarda açılarak embriyo kurtarma tekniği uygulanmış ve elde edilen embriyo sayısı ve bitkiye dönüşüm oranları belirlenmiştir.