bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Molecular Docking and ADME-TOX Studies of New Tacrine Analogs as
Promising for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy
Authors: Baba-Ahmed Ikram , Kibou Zahira , Daoud Ismail , Belhadj Fatima , Lahcen Belarbi , Daich Adam , Choukchou-Braham Noureddine
Published: September 2022

The modification of drug delivery routes can be used as a promising strategy to improve the therapeutic profile of various drug agents. Herein, the synthesis and molecular modeling of a series of 6,7,8,9-tetrahydrobenzo [b] [1,8] naphthyridines derivatives were reported to explore potent and less toxic scaffolds. The tacrine analogs 6–10 were obtained by an efficient strategy using Friedlander's condensation between 2-aminopyridine-3-carbonitriles 1–5 and cyclohexanone under microwave irradiations without catalysts and solvents. The synthesized compounds were identified through 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR. Their inhibition activities against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) were focused as probable drug targets for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The pharmaco-kinetic properties, the risk of probable hepato-toxic metabolites, and the toxicological properties were predicted using computational methods. The prediction of the toxicity risks via the GUSAR software allowed us to resolve the best approach for drug delivery, namely the subcutaneous, intravenous, or oral route., Also, the GUSAR software was used to reveal all possible adverse effects. All these techniques were tested for the L1-6 compounds by choosing tacrine as a template compound. Among these compounds, the optimal compound L1 was the most potent inhibitor and had the best score binding affinity compared to the reference drug (Tacrine) -7.926 and -7.007 kcal/mol for AChE and BuChE, respectively. Moreover, this same compound presented a satisfying pharmaceutical profile. In the present study, subcutaneous delivery is considered a promising administration of reference drug and their derivatives against AD.
The Role of Gut Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Current State
of the Art
Authors: Safarpour Ali Reza , Askari Hassan , Shojaei-Zarghani Sara , Raeis-Abdollahi Ehsan , Jahromi Hossein Kargar , Abdullahi ‪Payman Raise , Daliri Karim , Tajbakhsh Amir , Rahmati Leila
Published: September 2022

The human microbiome comprises the genomes of the microbiota that live on and within
humans, such as protozoa, archaea, eukaryotes, viruses, and most bacteria. Gastrointestinal disorders
such as inflammatory bowel disease, colon cancer, celiac disease, and irritable bowel syndrome can
all be triggered by a change in gut flora. The alteration of the gut microbiota (also known as "gut
dysbiosis") is affected by host genetics, nutrition, antibiotics, and inflammation, and it is associated
with the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Also, intestinal epithelial dysfunction,
altered autophagy, and immune hyperactivation are frequently detected in individuals with severe
IBD, which may be attributed to impaired miRNA expression functions. While the exact mechanisms
of how Gut Microbiota may cause IBD and intestinal epithelial dysfunction are still debated, recent
data point toward the possibility that hormones, gender and miRNAs expression are modifiable contributors
to IBD. This review summarizes the current evidence for an association between hormones,
gender and miRNAs and Gut Microbiota in IBD and discusses potential mechanisms by which gut
microbiota may impact IBD. The study also outlines critical unanswered topics that need to be solved
to enhance IBD prevention and treatment in people with gut dysbiosis.
Docking Study on Caspase 3 Inhibitors As Potential Drugs For Traumatic
Brain Cell Apoptosis
Authors: Najafi Sajad , Alibakhshi Abbas , Mahnam Karim , Ranjbari Javad
Published: September 2022

Background:

Apoptosis of brain cells (neurons and glia) has a crucial role in humans' pathology
of traumatic brain injury (TBI). So, a decrease in the apoptosis rate can potentially reduce the harmful
effects and lead to better functional outcomes. Drug repurposing by computational methodologies like
protein-ligand docking allows us to make drug discovery more efficient and less expensive.

Objective:

In the current study, we used the methodology to study the inhibitory effect of thousands of
FDA/non-FDA approved, investigational compounds on caspase 3 as one of the most important members
of the cell apoptosis pathway.

Methods:

Molecular docking and pharmacokinetic properties calculations were done. The molecular dynamics
(MD) simulations of all complexes and free caspase 3 were carried out. We carried out docking
experiments using in silico methods and docked a pool of medications to the active site of the human
caspase-3 X-ray structure. The best compounds were selected and subjected to pharmacokinetic analysis,
molecular simulation, and free energy calculations.

Results:

Finally, 6 components (Naldemedine, Celastrol, Nilotinib, Drospirenone, Lumacaftor, and R-
343) were selected as the best in terms of structural and pharmaceutical properties, low toxicity that can
be administered orally for the preclinical and clinical future investigations.
Pinpoint and Stewardship of Psoriasis by Using Phytoconstituent-based
Novel Formulation
Authors: Qadir Abdul , Gupta Dipak Kumar , Mir Najib Ullah Shehla Nasar , Aqil Mohd. , Jahan Samreen , Khan Nausheen
Published: September 2022

Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin condition that is also inflammatory and proliferative. Psoriasis is caused by activation of T-cells and is distinguished by prominent, drab-red, or peach-pink tight patches with silvery scales on the skin. In recent years, there have been some significant advances in the study of the etiology of inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis. The nanotechnology-based novel formulation provides a great occasion for enhancing the efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapeutic agents for psoriasis. The benefits of nanotechnological techniques to offer an effective drug concentration in the disease site and nanocarrier as innovative possibilities for drug delivery systems in psoriasis and other inflammatory chronic skin disorder are highlighted in this area. We have explored the mechanisms underlying the pathogenic aspects of psoriasis in this review, as well as phytoconstituents, naturally occurring substances found in plants with anti-psoriatic properties. Anti-psoriatic action is attributed to phytochemicals that target cytokine signaling pathways. We also discussed the benefits of loading phytoconstituents as drugs in nanocarriers such as liposomes, niosomes, invasomes, phytosomes, transferosomes, and pro-niosomes for improved topical therapy and delivery of phytoconstituents with a better therapeutic profile and lower toxicity.
Assessment of Effect of Intra-pocket Delivery of Metronidazole Loaded NTrimethyl Quaternary Ammonium Chitosan Nanoparticles in Treatment of Periodontal Disease
Authors: Garg Kritika , Tirgar Pravin
Published: September 2022

Background:

Conventional drugs like metronidazole for periodontitis has shown several drawbacks. So based on in-vitro and acute toxicity study of metronidazole loaded n-trimethyl quaternary ammonium chitosan nanoparticles (NTMET NPs), animal studies was carried out to proof enhancement of activities over periodontitis.

Objectives:

To assess the effect of nanoparticles through an intra-pocket drug delivery on body weight, food consumption, clinical signs, gingival index, tooth mobility, inflammatory changes in periodontal tissues, and serum analysis that leads into gingival damage, connective tissues and alveolar bone resorption.

Method:

P. gingivalis and ligature induced periodontitis model was used to evaluate the effect of drug in rats.

Results:

periodontitis was successfully induced by using P. gingivalis and ligature induced periodontitis model in rats. It reflect elevated gingival index, tooth mobility, inflammatory changes in tissues, IL-6, TNF- ɑ, and IL -1β when compared to control group and NTMET NPs treated groups. It was also observed that the damage caused to gingival tissues and resorption of alveolar bone was improved by using NTMET NPs.

Conclusion:

Based on present findings, we can conclude that NTMET NPs at a dose of 1.8 & 3.6 mg/ml has significant action on periodontal tissues and was able to reverse the effect of P. gingivalis as well as gingival damage and tooth mobility in rats at an administered dose, which are comparable to the IC50 value of a drug. The findings of the current study provide scientific preclinical data to support its clinical use for periodontitis via intra pocket drug delivery route.
An In-depth Analysis of Majoon Zabeeb, an Enduring Polyherbal Unani
Formulation for Epilepsy
Authors: Zakir Mohammad , Alam Md. Aftab , Khatoon Faiza , Ahmad Waish , Minhajuddin Ahmed
Published: September 2022

Unani Medicine System is one of the oldest systems with its potent and effective drugs from animal, plant, and mineral sources. Over 2400 years ago, Hippocrates, the founder of medicine, practiced it; however, his medicine includes many ancient Egyptian medications and important components of ancient Mesopotamian customs and traditions. Neurological problems are a significant cause of death, comprising 12% of all deaths globally. Sar' is used for epilepsy in USM, which means falling. Convulsions occur after the patient has fallen due to partial occlusion in the passage of Rūh Nafsānī (psychic pneuma).
A vast number of single and multi-ingredient medicines were referenced for epilepsy treatment. Majoon Zabeeb (MZ) is possibly the most presumed polyherbal preparation used in epilepsy. This polyherbal compound has eight components used as a strong anticonvulsant, antispasmodic, antioxidant, deobstruent, memory enhancer, neuroprotective, nervine tonic, and anti-inflammatory agent.
Performance Analysis of Hybrid PV-Diesel Generator with Energy Storage
System in South Sinai, Egypt
Authors: Fawy Abdelrahman , El Masry Said E. , Abo Adma Maged A. , Kandil Shaimaa A.
Published: September 2022

Background:

Renewable energy systems are the most promising long-term sustainable
energylong-term sustainable energy, with numerous advantages. Renewable energy systems that
combine traditional and renewable resources are now cost-effective and have a low carbon impact.
These systems are becoming more popular as a feasible option for rural areas, particularly
when it comes to grid connectivity.

Objective:

This study discusses the ideal design and size for separated PV batteries and dieselbased
renewable energy systems. South Sinai, Egypt, was chosen as the testing location for unusual
environmental conditions, system specs, and daily energy requirement statistics to analyze
the total energy required for a specific site. The load under investigation is a school complex in
one of the governorate's cities.

Method:

The complete system is simulated and tested using the MATLAB/Simulink program.

Results:

In this study the amount of energy required by the load is determined. The load power is
compared with the system output power to justify the reliability of the system. The system output
voltage is shown which is sinusoidal wave. The management control system between PV, diesel
and battery is shown

Conclusion:

The results show that the system is reliable; the control strategies always indicate the
load requirement and minimize the diesel run time.
A Comprehensive Overview of Ontology: Fundamental and Research
Directions
Authors: Patel Archana , Debnath Narayan C.
Published: September 2022

Knowledge representation and reasoning is a field of ‘Artificial Intelligence’ that encodes
knowledge, beliefs, actions, feelings, goals, desires, preferences, and all other mental states
in the machine. An ontology is prominently used to represent knowledge and offers the richest
machine-interpretable (rather than just machine-processable) and explicit semantics. Ontology
does not only provide sharable and reusable knowledge, but it also provides a common understanding
of the knowledge; as a result, the interoperability and interconnectedness of the model
make it priceless for addressing the issues of querying data. Ontology work with concepts and relations
that are very close to the working of the human brain. Ontological engineering provides
the methods and methodologies for the development of ontology. Nowadays, ontologies are used
in almost every field, and a lot of much research is being done on this topic. The paper aims to
elaborate on the need of ontology (from data to knowledge), how does for ontology (from data to
knowledge), how semantics come from logic, the ontological engineering field, history from hypertext
to linked data, and further possible research directions of the ontology. This paper benefit
reader who wishes to embark on ontology-based research and application development.
43-21
Authors: Popova M. N.
Published: September 2022

The article gives a brief overview of works on the study of crystals containing metal ions with an unfilled f- or d-shell, carried out at the Institute of Spectroscopy of the Russian Academy of Sciences by the method of high-resolution Fourier spectroscopy. Among the main areas of research are studies of the hyperfine structure in spectra, isotopic effects, the role of random deformations, spectroscopy of phase transitions, low-dimensional magnets, coupled electron-phonon excitations.
24-21
Authors: Shakurov G.S.  , Malkin B. Z.  , Batulin R. G.  , Kiiamov A. G.
Published: September 2022

EPR spectra of impurity Ho3+ ions in oriented SrY2O4 single-crystals are registered at the temperature 4.2 K in the frequency range from 70 to 180 GHz. The results of measurements evidence for the substitution of Ho3+ ions for the Y3+ ions at the structurally nonequivalent sites R1 and R2 with the local Cs point symmetry. The values of g-factors, hyperfine structure constants and the energy gaps berween the ground and the first excited non-degenherate crystal-field sublevels of the ground 5I8 multiplet are determined. The observed specific features of the ground states of Но3+ ions (non-Kramers doublets with the zero-field splittings of 4.30

and 1.67 cm-1) open a possibility to identify transitions in optical spectra of SrY2O4:Ho and inelastic neutron scattering spectra of SrHo2O4 crystals.
30-21
Authors: Kuzmin N. N.  , Boldyrev K. N.  , Maltsev V. V.
Published: September 2022

The paper presents a flux crystal growth technique, studies of the structural peculiarities and the optical absorption spectra of double orthoborate TbCr3(BO3)4 with a huntite structure. The intensities of the phonon modes were used to determine the ratios of the rhombohedral and monoclinic polytypes for this compound, depending on the growth conditions. The broadband absorption spectra of the Tb3+ ions in TbCr3(BO3)4 single crystals were studied in the temperature range from room temperature to 3.0 K. From them, the energies of the crystal-field levels of the Tb3+ ion were determined. The temperature dependence of the absorption spectra of the Er3+ probe ion in TbCr3(BO3)4:Er(1%) shows that there are two phase transitions and agrees with their previously proposed interpretation: at 8.8 K, the chromium subsystem antiferromagnetically orders, and at 5 K, a reorientation of chromium magnetic moments occurs.
31-21
Authors: Hu X.  , Piccinelli F.  , Bettinelli M.
Published: September 2022

In this work the optical spectroscopy and the energy transfer processes involving the Tb3+and Tm3+ ions, have been studied in eulytite double phosphate hosts of the type Sr3Y(PO4)3 doped with various amounts of the two Ln ions. It has been found that several energy transfer and cross-relaxation processes are active in this class of materials, upon excitation in the 5D4 level of Tb, and in the 1G4 one of Tm. In particular, a Tb→Tm transfer of excitation has been found to quench strongly the 5D4 level of Tb. This process occurs with a transfer efficiency increasing from 0.08 to 0.62, for a donor concentration of 2 mol%, and an acceptor concentration increasing from 2 to 15 mol%. The emission spectra are strongly affected by the presence of Tb⟷Tm energy transfer, and Tm→Tm cross relaxation processes.
21-21
Authors: Anikeeva V. E.  , Boldyrev K. N.  , Semenova O. I.  , Popova M. N.
Published: September 2022

The paper presents the transmission spectra of hybrid perovskite MAPbI3 single crystals near the fundamental absorption edge in a wide temperature range. The absorption coefficient α of the single crystal samples is estimated at a temperature T = 150 K for the light with a photon energy E = 1.6 eV and at T = 40 K for E = 1.8 eV. The obtained values turned out to be several orders of magnitude smaller than the values of α for thin-film samples known from the literature. A sharp shift of the fundamental absorption edge by ~ 100 meV was observed at a temperature T1 = 160 K of the structural phase transition from the tetragonal to the orthorhombic phase. The temperature hysteresis of the shift of the fundamental absorption edge near T1 was recorded, which is characteristic of a first-order phase transition.
32-21
Authors: Deren P.J.  , Watras A.  , Stefanska D.
Published: September 2022

ZnAl2O4 nanocrystallites doped with Cr3+ ions with mean sizes ranging from 2 to 16 nm were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. Chromium ions occupy the aluminum positions, which symmetry depends on the crystallite size. The smallest nanocrystals have a much larger unit cell than the bigger ones. The metal to ligand distance increases when the size of the nanocrystals decreases. This causes the nephelauxetic effect, which is for the first time (to our knowledge) observed as a size effect. It was also observed that ZnAl2O4: Cr3+ nanocrystals with size larger than 10 nm possesses the same spectroscopic properties as monocrystal.
28-21
Authors: Malashkevich G. E.  , Kouhar V. V.  , Ramanenka A. A.  , Azarko I. I.  , Sigaev V. N.  , Golubev N. V.  , Ziyatdinova M. Z.  , Ignatieva E. S.  , Bahramov S. A.
Published: September 2022

Fused yttrium-alumoborate glasses doped with ytterbium, silicon, chromium, and sodium were synthesized. The influence of the matrix on the "spectroscopic behavior" of chromium ions and the efficiency of their sensitization of Yb3+ luminescence was established by spectral-luminescence and EPR-studies. It was found that (1) chromium in alkali-free glasses is mainly in the oxidation degree Cr(III) with an appreciable admixture of Cr(IV) and Cr(V), (2) the partial replacement of Al2O3 or B2O3 by SiO2 and Y2O3 by Yb2O3 affects to a different extent the relative concentration of optical centers of chromium ions, (3) the addition of alkali results in the formation of Cr(VI) centers as a result of oxidation of less charged chromium ions and predominantly tetracoordinated Cr4+ and Cr5+, (4) Cr3+ ions make the main contribution to the luminescence sensitization of Yb3+ ions, while Cr4+ ions and to a lesser extent Cr5+ play the role of luminescence quencher and internal filter. Sensitization of Yb3+ luminescence through the charge transfer band in Cr(VI) was found. An alkaline glass doped with Cr and Yb upon excitation through the sensitizer produced a luminescence quantum yield of 32% and the conditions for its enhancement were considered. It is shown that the temperature quenching of luminescence of CrYb-containing glasses is significantly lower than that of Cr-containing glasses.
Spontaneous spin magnetism of donor conduction electrons of hybridized states of a crystal formed by a system of 3d-elements impurity atoms of low concentration (<1 at.%)
Authors: Govorkova T.E.  , Okulov V.I.
Published: September 2022

The given work is devoted to the experimental proof of existing the spontaneous spin polarization of the donor electron system of 3d-transition element impurity atoms of low concentration (<1 at.%) in a mercury selenide crystal. For this purpose there have been measured the dependences of the magnetization on the magnetic field strength at low temperatures (T=5 K). As a result of the analysis of the obtained dependences, there were extracted the impurity contributions, which are described by the magnetization curves typical of the ferromagnets, and by the magnetic parameters conforming to the spontaneous magnetism of the systems under study, which are unambiguously related to the donor conduction electrons of the outer d-shells of impurity atoms. By its nature, according to the developed theoretical concepts, the spontaneous spin polarization manifests itself in exchange interaction, taking place in hybridizing the electronic states of the impurity atom and the conduction band ones of the crystal. Keywords: 3d-impurities of the low concentration, gapless semiconductors, hybridized electronic states, spontaneous spin polarization, low-temperature ferromagnetism
Post-growth technology of multi-junction photovoltaic converters based on A3B5 heterostructures
Authors: Malevskaya A. V.  , Il'inskaya N. D.  , Zadiranov Y. M.  , Blokhin A. A.  , Malevskii D. A.  , Pokrovskii P. V.
Published: September 2022

Investigation and development of the post-growth technology for fabricatingmulti-junction photovoltaic converters based on GaInP/GaInAs/Geheterostructure has been carried out. Antireflection coating, ohmiccontacts and mesa-structure forming stages have been reviewed. Thetechnology of n+-GaAs contact layer etching with the help ofplasma-chemical, liquid and ion-beam etching has been investigated. Antireflection coefficient of radiation from the heterostructure withTiOx/SiO2 (x close to 2) antireflection coating surface was less then 3% inwavelength range 450-850 nm. The value of contact resistance for n- andp-type conductivity was 3·10-5-3·10-6 Ωcm2, the decrease ofphotosensitive region shading degree at increased bus-bar conductivity hasbeen archived. The mesa-structure surface current leakage decreased to thevalue of 10-9 A at voltage less then 1 V. Keywords: photovoltaic converters, ohmic contacts, antireflection coating, mesa-structure
Reciprocity relations for open nonlinear systems in variable fields
Authors: Ignatjev V.K.
Published: September 2022

A proof of reciprocity relations for nonlinear systems ininhomogeneous variable electric and magnetic fields in the presence ofunsteady spin currents, thermodynamic flows and mechanical disturbances isobtained by the Kubo method in the approximation of Markov relaxation andlocally quasi-equilibrium distribution. Keywords: Nonlinear distributed systems, locally quasi-equilibrium distribution, Markov relaxation, spin current, reciprocity\
Review and classification of space-time vectors of discrete states ofa seven-phase converter
Authors: Tereshkin V. M.  , Grishin D. A  , Balandin S.P.  , Tereshkin V.V.
Published: September 2022

The subject of the research is the control algorithms for aseven-phase converter that implement space-vector voltage modulation of aseven-phase motor as an alternative to a three-phase engine in modernelectric traction. The study used elements of set theory, combinatorics,Fourier series expansion and vector analysis. Checking research results wasimplemented on a special stand for experimental studies of spatial vectorvoltage modulation of a seven-phase motor. Keywords: Power of the mathematical set of logical states of aseven-phase converter, vector space of generalized vectors of discretestate, combinations of generalized vectors of discrete voltage states of aseven-phase motor\
X-ray CdZnTe detector in transverse and longitudinalphotoconductivity mode
Authors: Dikaev Yu. M.  , Kudryashov A. A.
Published: September 2022

The work considers "transverse" and "longitudinal" photoconductivity modes,regarding the direction of radiation, photoconductivity in semiconductordetectors of CdZnTe. Mathematical calculations were made from therepresentation of the internal area of the detector in the form of radiationabsorption sites. The results of the calculations are compared withexperimentally measured photocurrent of the detector with a cross section of2x2 mm CdZnTe from the direction of its radiation by X-ray. Fromthe ratio of photocurrents in the range of X-ray radiation energies35-72 keV for these two cases, a linear coefficient of X-ray absorptionby the CdZnTe detector is determined. Keywords: CdZnTe detector, efficient energy, X-ray radiation,resistance, photocurrent, photoconductivity.\
The Investigation of the hydrodynamic drag of a slit microchannel with a textured wall
Authors: Lobasov A. S.  , Minakov A. V.
Published: September 2022

The results of numerical investigation of the hydrodynamic drag of a slit microchannel with a textured wall surface, as well as of the pressure drop in such a channel and the effective slip length on the wall for various Reynolds numbers, are presented. The channel height was 10 μm, and the length varied from 25 to 500 μm. It was found that the pressure drop in the textured microchannel was less than in a conventional one at any length. The dependences of the relative pressure drop, friction factor, and effective slip length on the Reynolds number were obtained for various channel lengths. A correlation that describes the dependence of the relative pressure drop on the Reynolds number for small channel lengths was proposed. The friction factor was described by a correlation expressed as 20 / Re. Keywords: microchannel, textured wall, wall slip, numerical simulation
Spontaneous boiling of submerged jets generated during the collapse of vapor bubbles
Authors: Adamova T. P.  , Chudnovsky V. M.  , Elistratov D. S.
Published: September 2022

The effect of secondary spontaneous boiling of submerged jets formed during the collapse of vapor bubbles during the bulk boiling of water subcooled to the saturation temperature at the end of a laser optical fiber is experimentally discovered. Keywords: submerged jet, subcooled liquid boiling, laser.
Acousto-optic wavelet processing of bioelectric signals
Authors: Zaichenko K. V.  , Gurevich B. S.
Published: September 2022

Wavelet analysis is one of the most efficient methods of the informative signals characteristics investigation. First shown the possibility of informative signals wavelet processing by means of the acousto-optic processor with time integration. The possibility of the realization of both power spectrum calculation and performance of wavelet transform of bioelectric signals in the real time mode has been proved. The analysis is listed which describes its operation in different modes. Keywords: wavelet analysis, bioelectric signals, acousto-optic processors, time integration
Features of dynamics of a jet flow generated on a laser heater by surface boiling of liquid
Authors: Kulik A. V.  , Mokrin S. N.  , Kraevskii A. M.  , Minaev S. S.  , Guzev M. A.  , Chudnovskii V. M.
Published: September 2022

It was experimentally found that speeds of hot submerged jets appearing in case of laser induced nucleation boiling of water near the tip of optical fiber submerged in water decrease exponentially with increasing laser power (heat flux). This result was obtained for a closed cylindrical cuvette where hot jets collided with walls and slipped the cuvette boundary transferring heat to it. The obtained result is to be taken into account in performing precise laser-induced surface cleaning inside confined volumes, in developing medical technologies for laser therapy of pathologically changed vessels or cysts, and in other applications. Keywords: laser radiation, submerged jet, boiling, bubbles, cavity, heat transfer.
Investigation of the process of emulsion droplets coalescence in an inhomogeneous alternating electric field in the presence of an asphaltene interfacial film at the oil-water interface
Authors: Mullayanov A.I.  , Osipova R. Sh.  , Musin A. A.  , Kovaleva L. A.
Published: September 2022

The behavior of a "water-in-oil" emulsion stabilized with asphaltenes under the action of an inhomogeneous alternating electric field has been studied. The experimental technique was based on the use of microfluidics, optical microscopy, and high-speed video filming. The dependences of quantitative estimates of the parameters characterizing the dynamics of the emulsion destruction on the frequency and amplitude of the applied field have been obtained. The technique will be useful in developing efficient methods for breaking emulsions and modifying the existing technologies for separating oil emulsions into phases. Keywords: asphaltenes, emulsion, electric field, coalescence, optical microscopy, high-speed video filming, microfluidic device.
Auger transition probabilities and electron emission cross sections for vacancy decay into the 2pπ-orbital in the Ne-=SUP=-+-=/SUP=--Ne quasimolecule
Authors: Mikhailov V. S.  , Babenko P. Yu.  , Shergin A. P.  , Zinoviev A. N.
Published: September 2022

The paper reports the calculation of the probabilities of Auger transitions taking place in the process of filling a vacancy on the 2pπ-orbital in an Ne+-Ne quasimolecule, a short-lived system which arises when the ion and atom approach each other and decays when they fly apart. Calculations for various ionization degrees of the quasimolecule particles were performed for the first time. It was found out that the system ionization degree increases very significantly (from 2 to 6) with increasing collision energy and decreasing distance of the particles closest approach. Using of the quantum mechanical approach and taking into account the collision dynamics made it possible to quantitatively describe for the first time the experimental Auger electron spectra of a complex many-electron quasimolecule. The contribution of the transition from the initial 3dπ-3dπ state to the 2pπ orbital was shown to be predominant among the whole variety of possible Auger decay channels. Keywords: atomic collisions, quasimolecule, Auger transitions, electron emission cross sections, vacancy decay
Stability of functional characteristics of transparent electrodes based on the ZnO : Ga/Ag/ZnO : Ga multilayer structure
Authors: Asvarov A. Sh.  , Akhmedov A. K.  , Muslimov A. E.  , Kanevsky V. M.
Published: September 2022

Since the stability of functional properties of a transparent conducting three-layer structure ZnO:Ga/Ag/ZnO:Ga is important for practical application, we studied its long-term durability and thermal stability in air environment. It has been demonstrated that after prolonged interaction with the air environment at room temperature (for ~ 1000 days) and further heat treatment in air at temperatures of up to 450oC (for up to 10 h), the three-layer structure retains its integrity and is characterized by a low sheet resistance Rs=2.8 Ω/sq at average transmittance in the visible range Tav=82.1%. Keywords: transparent electrode, multilayer structure, ZnO, Ag, Ga, sheet resistance, transparence, stability, heat treatment.
Idea Lab
Authors: Diaz Stephanie , Murray Eva , Lubbers Mary
Published: September 2022

In 2021, the American Library Association’s Office for Intellectual Freedom (OIF) tracked 729 challenges to school, library, and university collections. Considering that in 2020 the OIF recorded 156 challenges, last year’s increase was dramatic enough to catch the attention of news outlets and social media users across the United States. As a result, libraries of all kinds were positioned to make often difficult decisions about how to respond to the public’s heightened focus on banned books. In this issue of JLOE, the Idea Lab highlights two libraries, a true community library that was caught off guard by extraordinary media attention, and a public library that deftly responded to local book challenges.
Phenomenological study: parenting experiences by mothers of domestic violence victims
Authors: Valiant Indah Rizky , Rosa Elsye Maria
Published: September 2022

Background: Domestic violence (DV) is a health problem that often occurs in women in the community. Violence that is often experienced by women is physical violence, psychological violence and sexual violence. Domestic violence has a negative impact on women, namely a decrease in health status and mental disorders. Women who are victims of domestic violence who have mental health problems are at risk of causing child rearing disorders.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of parenting by mothers of domestic violence victims.

Methods: This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The data collection process was carried out using a semi-structured interview method. The sampling technique used snowball sampling. The characteristics of the participants in this study were women who were victims of domestic violence who had children who were still married or divorced. The participants in this study were 7 women victims of domestic violence who had children. The data analysis used is thematic analysis using Nvivo 12 software.

Results: There are 4 main themes in this study. The themes raised were causes of domestic violence (financial quarrel and cheating husband), the role of parenting by mothers of domestic violence victims, fulfilling the psychological needs of children by mothers of domestic violence victims, and the application of rules and punishments for children by mothers of domestic violence victims.
Conclusions: This study concludes that mothers who are victims of domestic violence continue to provide positive parenting for their children by taking care of their children, meeting their needs and guiding their children. Health services need to develop a screening program for victims of domestic violence to detect cases of domestic violence in the community. Programs for developing parenting patterns or good parent-child relationships also need to be carried out, especially for families at risk or experiencing domestic violence so that mothers of domestic violence victims continue to provide positive parenting  for their children.
Video how right breastfeeding through smartphone can affect breasfeeding self efficacy on public mothers in the Regency of Banjarnegara
Authors: Sari Dian Nirmala , Fajri Umi Nur
Published: September 2022

Background: The lower confidence of mothers to breastfeed can have an impact on inadequate breastfeeding and can cause nutritional deficiencies in infants so that babies are vulnerable to disease, especially newborns. With  increasing mother's confidence in breastfeeding, intervention is needed, one of which is through videos on how to breastfeed correctly.

The low level of mother's self-efficacy or mother's belief in breastfeeding illustrates that there is still low commitment to breastfeeding, low endurance of mothers in overcoming obstacles that arise during breastfeeding and mother's focus on negative aspects of breastfeeding so that it has an impact on inadequate breastfeeding and can lead to deficiency. nutrition in infants so that infants are susceptible to disease.

The magnitude of the influence of mother's belief in breastfeeding requires various interventions to increase this belief so that success in breastfeeding is achieved. One of the interventions given to increase confidence is to provide videos on how to breastfeed correctly.

Objectives: The goal is to find out which breastfeeding video media have an effect on breastfeeding self-efficacy.

Methods: The research design used was a quasi-experimental design with a pretest post-test control group design. The variables in this study were videos on how to breastfeed correctly, breastfeeding self-efficacy. The number of samples is 30 respondents. The treatment group received the intervention to get video education on correct breastfeeding techniques using an application on a smartphone, while the control group received education from maternal and child health books. Data analysis was univariate, bivariate with paired t and unpaired t.

Results: The results of the analysis show that there is an effect of the video on how to properly breastfeed the effect on the breastfeeding self efficacy p value 0.003

Conclusions: Giving videos on how to breastfeed correctly can increase the confidence of mothers to breastfeed their babies.
Effect of rolling massage and ST-18 acupressure on breast milk production and decrease in fundal height
Authors: Rahayu Sri , Umaroh Umaroh
Published: September 2022

Background: Breast milk production and secretion are affected by the prolactin reflex and let-down reflex. One of the problems to increase breast milk production is by rolling massage and ST-18 acupressure. ST-18 point (Ru Gen) is located lateral to the breast, 4 fingers below the nipple, and can increase blood circulation which can stimulate the alveolus to contract so that breast milk is secreted towards the nipple A previous study stated that postpartum mothers were given puerperal exercise and acupressure on the second, fourth, and seventh days after giving birth both increased milk production, but the acupressure group was higher than the postpartum exercise group

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of rolling massage and ST-18 acupressure on breast milk production and fundal height decrease of postpartum women.

Methods: This study was an quasi experimental study. The study design was Randomized Control Group with Pre-Test and Post-Test. The population were all postpartum women in the Community Health Centers in Semarang who were assigned to 16 respondents in the treatment group and 16 respondents in the control group, collected by cluster random sampling. After obtaining consent from the respondents, the researchers began to make the pre-test on the fundal height and breast milk production in the treatment group and the control group, then post-test after 3 days of treatment. Data were analyzed by Independent t test and Mann Whitney test.

Results: Characteristics of respondents in both groups showed that most of respondents aged 27.9 years, were primiparous women and had good nutritional status. The mean of increase in breast milk production were assessed from infant weight gain before and after treatment from 3117.8 grams to 3254 grams. There was a difference in breast milk production in the treatment and control group with the p value of 0.0001, and there was no difference in the decrease in fundal height in the two groups (p value=3.91), however the decrease in fundal height in the treatment group was faster than the control group which was 3.91 cm.
Conclusions: The need for midwives to provide midwifery care to postpartum women in a holistic and comprehensive manner, for example in the form of rolling massage and acupressure on ST-18 point.
Relationship between emotional regulation and anxiety among nurses during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Rakhman Arif Arif Rakhman , Oktiawati Anisa , Khodijah Khodijah
Published: September 2022

Background: The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) outbreak occurred in almost all of countries. This phenomenon causes changes in various aspects of life, such as health, economic, social, psychological, cultural, and more. Psychological responses experienced by health workers are the feelings of anxiety about their health and the spread of the virus to their families. Hence, nurses need to understand the problems that being faced, therefore they have no difficulties in recognizing their emotions. The ability of nurses to regulate their emotions is needed to focus on dealing with a problem.

Objectives: This study aims to determine the relationship between emotional regulation and anxiety among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: This is quantitative research with a descriptive correlation design and a cross sectional approach. The sampling technique that used was accidental sampling with a total of 202 respondents, which was carried out during July 2020. Respondents filled out questionnaires that given by the researcher trough online google form. The research instruments used were Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and anxiety questionnaire with Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS)

Results: The results of the pearson product moment analysis obtained that p-value is 0.007 < 0.05. It can be concluded that there is a relationship between emotional regulation and anxiety among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conclusions : Nurses who have good emotional regulation skills will not experience anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurses are expected to be able to control their emotions, so they can recognize problems and determine appropriate actions, so that anxiety does not occur.
Extracurricular Humanism in Medicine Initiative and Medical Student Wellness: Retrospective Study
Authors: Auckley Elizabeth Diane , Barbee Jeff , Verbeck Nicole , McCambridge Tracie , Stone Linda , Garvin Jennifer
Published: September 2022

Background

Humanism in Medicine Initiative (HIMI), an extracurricular program at Ohio State University College of Medicine (OSUCOM) with 27 subgroups, fosters the humanities. Stress and burnout among first- and second-year medical students are prevalent across the United States. Solutions for stress among first- and second-year medical students have been proposed, but no gold standard exists. The relationship of humanism with stress and burnout has yet to be described in the literature.

Objective

This study investigates the relationship between participation in the HIMI and stress, burnout, and academic success among first- and second-year medical students.

Methods

First- and second-year medical students enrolled at OSUCOM between August 2018 and August 2019 were recruited. Attendance in the HIMI and membership records were used to measure their participation. Curricular examination scores and those on Step 1 of United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) were used to measure academic success. Stress and burnout were measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Perceived Stress Scale.

Results

In total, 412 students were enrolled with 362 (87%) students participating in HIMI. Those with high participation were more often Black, Asian, female, or with a humanities undergraduate major compared to the overall study population. There were significant relationships between Gold Humanism Honors Society (GHHS) induction and participation of first- and second-year medical students in service- (χ21=5.8, P<.05) or leadership-focused (χ21=19.3, P<.001) HIMI groups. Medium levels of participation in the HIMI were associated with significantly higher stress. Performance on the Step 1 USMLE was not significantly associated with participation levels in the HIMI (low=233.7 vs high=238.0; P=.10).

Conclusions

The HIMI is an extracurricular program vastly utilized by first- and second-year medical students at OSUCOM and did not impact Step 1 USMLE scores. Medium participation in the HIMI was associated with higher stress, and service- and leadership-focused HIMI participation was associated with a higher level of induction to the GHHS. This study identifies areas for future studies to understand the relationship of the HIMI with stress and academic success.
From solitary to an adaptive continuum process: Toward a new framework of natural disaster emergency decision-making
Authors: Sasmita Siska , Kusumasari Bevaola , Pramusinto Agus , Susanto Ely
Published: September 2022

Major studies in emergency decisions are focusing on how techno-rational approaches applied in early warning systems to produce an output; rarely explore its opponent, the naturalistic intervention, or how both paradigms function in a crisis decision process. This research aims to identify the actual process of emergency decision making in the context of natural hazard studies, whether it employs the techno-rational or purely naturalistic approach. A systematic review is adopted to assess papers in the period 2000-2018 within the ‘emergency decision making’ AND “natural disaster” keywords. Research finds a non-techno-rational paradigm that contributes to producing a decision outcome. Instead of categorizing it the naturalistic paradigm as named by the scholars, we labelled it a non-technological paradigm. It consists of two main instruments: individual and institutional interventions, that together with the techno-rational instrument develop an adaptive continuum behavior while operating in uncertainty condition in order to generate an effective evacuation order for vulnerable people.
Geospatial approach to accessibility of referral hospitals using geometric network analysts and spatial distribution models of covid-19 spread cases based on gis in bekasi city, west java
Authors: Ardiyanto Ruki , Supriatna Supriatna , Indra Tito L. , Manesa Masita Dwi Mandini
Published: September 2022

Bekasi City has a high population density, as seen from its growth rate in 2020. Therefore, geospatial analysis is required to support and provide effective and efficient health services, evaluate the need for referral hospital capacity, and minimize the spread of COVID-19 cases in this city. The geospatial methods used in this study are Geometric Network Analyst and Geographic Weighted Regression (GWR), with Service Area (SA) used for analysis. The results based on the distance between the referral hospitals and settlements in Bekasi City showed that more than 2.201 million people, or 90%, have been well covered. Meanwhile, regarding travel time, 1.792 million people or 73% in eight sub-districts are in well-served areas. Conversely, referral hospitals do not cover four sub-districts, namely Bantar Gebang, Jati Sampurna, Medan Satria, and Jati Asih. The spatial modeling analysis results using GWR with spatial-temporal data recapitulation of data reports for eight months showed predictions for the spread of confirmed cases in six sub-districts, namely West Bekasi, North Bekasi, East Bekasi, Medan Satria, Mustika Jaya, and Rawalumbu. This implies that local governments need to suggest more referral hospitals serving people who live far from the existing referral hospitals.
Distribusi dan Karakteristik Pemuda NEET di Indonesia (Analisis Data Sakernas 2018)
Authors: Sari Nindya Riana , Sukamdi Sukamdi , Rofi Abdur
Published: September 2022

Abstrak Dalam tujuan kedelapan SDGs tertuang indikator dengan target pemuda, salah satunya mengurangi proporsi pemuda yang Not in Education, Employment, or Training (NEET). Indikator NEET menjadi salah satu ukuran untuk mengukur tenaga kerja yang tidak produktif di kalangan pemuda. Diantara negara-negara ASEAN lainnya, Indonesia menempati posisi pertama negara dengan persentase NEET-nya tertinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran karakteristik pemuda yang berstatus NEET dan sebarannya menurut provinsi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif menggunakan data sekunder. Lebih jauh, data yang digunakan adalah Sakernas 2018. Hasil pengolahan data menunjukkan bahwa 24,07 persen pemuda berstatus NEET. Pemuda yang termasuk dalam NEET didominasi oleh pemuda perempuan, berpendidikan SMA/sederajat, bukan penyandang disabilitas, serta tinggal pada rumah tangga dengan kondisi sosial ekonomi yang cenderung rendah. Oleh karena itu, sebagai upaya mewujudkan target SDGs, berbagai program yang dibuat hendaknya harus didasarkan pada karakteristik pemuda di setiap wilayah Indonesia. Abstract In the SDGs' eighth goal, there are indicators targeting youth, one of which is to reduce the proportion of youth who are not in Education, Employment, or Training (NEET). NEET indicator is one measure to measure unproductive workforce among youth. Among other ASEAN countries, Indonesia ranks first with the highest NEET percentage. This study aims to determine the characteristics of young people with NEET status and distribution by province. This study uses a quantitative approach with descriptive methods using secondary data. The data used is Sakernas 2018. Based on data processing, it shows that 24.07 percent of youth are NEET. Youth who are included in NEET are dominated by the youth who are on average 23 years old, female, high school educated, are not disabled, living in households with socioeconomic conditions that tend to below. Therefore, to realize the SDGs target, various programs made should be based on the characteristics of youth in each region of Indonesia.