bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recommended Best Practices for Lyophilization Validation—2021 Part I: Process Design and Modeling
Authors: Jameel Feroz , Alexeenko Alina , Bhambhani Akhilesh , Sacha Gregory , Zhu Tong , Tchessalov Serguei , Kumar Lokesh , Sharma Puneet , Moussa Ehab , Iyer Lavanya , Fang Rui , Srinivasan Jayasree , Tharp Ted , Azzarella Joseph , Kazarin Petr , Jalal Mehfouz
Published: August 2021

This work describes lyophilization process validation and consists of two parts. Part I focuses on the process design and is described in the current paper, while part II is devoted to process qualification and continued process verification. The intent of these articles is to provide readers with recent updates on lyophilization validation in the light of community-based combined opinion on the process and reflect the industrial prospective. In this paper, the design space approach for process design is described in details, and examples from practice are provided. The approach shows the relationship between the process inputs; it is based on first principles and gives a thorough scientific understanding of process and product. The lyophilization process modeling and scale-up are also presented showing the impact of facility, equipment, and vial heat transfer coefficient. The case studies demonstrating the effect of batch sizes, fill volume, and dose strength to show the importance of modeling as well as the effect of controlled nucleation on product resistance are discussed.

Graphical abstract
Lipoprotein(a) Concentrations Correlate With LDL-C in Children With Type 1 and 2 Diabetes
Authors: Foster Christy , Rahman A K M Fazlur , Ashraf Ambika P
Published: August 2021

Context

Elevated levels of lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease especially in patients with diabetes. Adult levels of Lp(a) are thought to be is expressed by the second year of life.

Objective

We hypothesized that Lp(a) would be influenced by low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), race, and HbA1C.

Methods

Retrospective electronic medical record review of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) (n = 607) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) (n = 93).

Results

Total of 700 subjects, ages 12-19 years with T1D (n = 607) and T2D (n = 93), 49% were male, mean age was 13.2 ± 3.08 years, and the median Lp(a) was 8.00 mg/dL, IQR 5.00-12.00. The Black subjects had an increased relative risk (RR) of higher Lp(a) compared with White subjects (RR 1.25, P < .0001). Among patients with T1D, Black people had an increased relative risk of higher Lp(a) than White people (RR 1.23, P = .0002). In T2D, Black subjects have 43% higher risk of having elevated Lp(a) than White subjects (RR 1.43, P = .268). In T1D, a 5 mg/dL increase in LDL-C results in 2% increase in Lp(a) (P < .0001). In T2D, a 5 mg/dL increase of LDL-C results in an increase of Lp(a) by 3%. LDL-C and BMI are independently associated with Lp(a) (RR = 1.02, P < .001; RR = 0.98, P < .001).

Conclusion

Our data suggest that Lp(a) is associated with LDL-C in children with diabetes. Lp(a) is differentially increased at higher concentrations of LDL-C. Black children with diabetes have a significant burden of Lp(a) concentrations compared with White children.
Correlation of dynamic contrast-enhanced bone perfusion with morphologic ultra-short echo time MR imaging in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw
Authors: Schumann Paul , Morgenroth Sarah , Huber Florian A , Rupp Niels J , Del Grande Filippo , Guggenberger Roman
Published: August 2021

Objectives:

To investigate whether dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MR bone perfusion could serve as surrogate for morphologic ultra-short echo time (UTE) bone images and to correlate perfusion with morphologic hallmarks in histologically proven foci of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ).

Methods:

Retrospective study including 20 patients with established diagnosis of MRONJ. Qualitative consensus assessment of predefined jaw regions by two radiologists was used as reference standard using Likert scale (0–3) for standard imaging hallmarks in MRONJ (osteolysis, sclerosis, periosteal thickening). DCE-MRI measurements performed in corresponding regions of the mandible were then correlated with qualitative scores. Regions were grouped into “non-affected” and “pathologic” based on binarized Likert scores of different imaging hallmarks (0–1 vs 2–3). DCE-MRI measurements among hallmarks were compared using Mann–Whitney-U-testing. ROC (receiver-operating-characteristic) analysis was performed for each of the perfusion parameters to assess diagnostic performance for identification of MRONJ using morphologic ratings as reference standard.

Results:

Median perfusion measurements of “pathologic” regions in wash-in, peak enhancement intensity and integrated area under the curve are significantly higher than those of “non-affected” regions, irrespective of reference imaging hallmark (p < 0.05). No significant perfusion differences were found between “pathologic” regions with and without osteolysis (p = 0.180). ROC analysis showed fair diagnostic performance of DCE-MRI parameters for identification of MRONJ (AUC 0.626–0.727).

Conclusions:

DCE bone perfusion parameters are significantly increased in MRONJ compared to non-affected regions, irrespective of osteolysis. Due to certain overlap DCE-MRI bone perfusion cannot serve as full surrogate for UTE bone imaging but may enhance reader confidence.
Genome of Serratia plymuthica UBCF_13, Insight into diverse unique traits
Authors: Fatiah Raudhatul , Suliansyah Irfan , Tjong Djong Hon , Syukriani Lily , Yunita Roza , Trivano Robi , Azizah Nurefni , Jamsari Jamsari
Published: August 2021

Background: Whole genome sequencing is become an essential tool to explore potential of microorganism and evolutionary study. The Serratia plymuthica UBCF_13 is one of phylloplane associated plant bacteria showing antifungal activity. For that reason, its complete genome information is necessary to enhance its potential as biocontrol against plant pathogenic fungal. Here, we report the genome sequence of Serratia plymuthica UBCF_13 to understand the molecular mechanism regarding its biocontrol ability.

Methods: Continuous short reads were attained from Illumina sequencing runs and reads 150 bp were merged into a single dataset. Pan-genome based method was used to identify core-genome of S. plymuthica species and unique gene in UBCF_13.

Results: Assambled Illumina reads of S. plymuthica strain UBCF_13 genome was produced a 5.46 Mb circular genome sequence. It was found 3321 genes belong to the core-genome sheared by the 18 strains evaluated. The UBCF_13 genome harbor 485 unique genes, where 300 of them only can be found in this strain

Conclusions: The sequence of UBCF_13 genome sequence data will contribute for further exploration of the potential of S. plymuthica UBCF_13 as bacteria producing antibiotic.
KSEMAW: an open source software for the analysis ofspectrophotometric, ellipsometric andphotothermal deflection spectroscopy measurements
Authors: Montecchi Marco , Mittiga Alberto , Malerba Claudia , Menchini Francesca
Published: August 2021

The optical behavior of devices based on thin films is determined by complex refractive index and thickness of each slab composing the stack; these important parameters are usually evaluated from photometric and/or ellipsometric spectral measurements, given a model of the stack, by means of dedicated software. In the case of complex multilayer devices, generally a number of simpler specimens (like single-film on substrate) must be preliminarily characterized. This paper introduces the reader to a new open source software for thin film characterization finally released after about 30 years of development. The software has already been used in various fields of physics, such as thin film optical filters, architectural glazing, detectors for high energy physics, solar energy, and, last but not least, photovoltaic devices. Code source files, user manual as well as a sample of working directories populated with assorted files can be freely downloaded from the kSEMAW GitHub repository.
The Effect of Smoking on the Outcomes of Vascularized Bone Graft Surgery in Scaphoid Nonunion through Meta-analysis
Authors: Kwon Young Woo , Kim Dong Hwan
Published: August 2021

Purpose: A vascularized bone graft is an option showing a good result to treat scaphoid nonunion. The analysis of the effects of smoking, which affects vascular and union of fracture, has been limited. We tried to analyze the effect of smoking on the outcomes of vascularized bone graft in scaphoid nonunion through meta-analysis Methods: Two researchers analyzed 923 papers searched for ‘scaphoid AND (vascularized OR vascularised OR flap OR pedicled)’ on MEDLINE and Embase (until November 2020). We selected 31 papers which contain that vascularized bone graft was performed for scaphoid nonunion, and the number or proportion of smokers could be confirmed. Through meta-regression analysis and subgroup analysis, whether the smoker’s rate had an effect on union rate, union period, functional score, imaging evaluation, range of motion, and complications rate was analyzedResults: A significant negative correlation between smoking and bone union rate was confirmed in pedicled vascularized bone grafting, and a significant positive correlation between smoking and bone union duration was confirmed in free vascularized bone grafting. Conclusion: It is necessary to have caution for nonunion when considering pedicled vascularized bone graft in smoking patients with scaphoid nonunion.
Transformações na economia internacional, comércio e gênero: um estudo de caso da participação feminina na indústria de vestuário de Bangladesh
Authors: De Carvalho Patricia Nasser
Published: August 2021

Partindo da premissa de que os papeis de homens e de mulheres são distintos na economia, e, ao mesmo tempo, são reforçadas por decisões políticas e pela estrutura social, o objetivo deste trabalho é investigar qual foi a participação feminina na in­dústria de vestuário de Bangladesh para o exitoso desempenho econômico do país da década de 1980 até a atualidade. A partir da aplicação de uma perspectiva analítica heterodoxa e de um estudo de caso, demonstra-se que não houve significativo progresso tecnológico, diversificação produtiva e desenvolvimento econômico em Bangladesh à altura do ritmo das taxas de crescimento do país. Além disso, o aumento da demanda de mão de obra feminina na indústria de vestuário, um setor-chave da economia, não retirou as mulheres da condição de dependência ou subordinação em relação aos ho­mens, uma vez que persistem desigualdades de gênero no mercado de trabalho do país.
Converter Compensation of Reactive Power Consumed by the Induction Generato
Authors: Tępiński Jarosław
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to present a reactive power compensation for small hydropower plants with an induction generator. The classic compensation with capacitors is discussed and its improvement is proposed. Instead of capacitors, a three level power electronic converter connected in parallel to the induction generator can be used to provide reactive power compensation. The purpose of the paper is to present the developed structure of an active compensator and its control method. The developed control method was verified on a laboratory stand. The project and the methods: As part of research, an active compensator was built as a three-level power electronic converter in topology with Neutral Point Clamped. Laboratory tests of a converter compensator were carried out on a stand equipped with an induction generator with a power of 7.5 kW. Laboratory system measurements were made using a power analyzer and an oscilloscope. Results: A control structure of an active compensator based on a voltage-oriented method was presented and discussed. The operation of the con- verter compensator has been verified on a laboratory stand equipped with a 7.5 kW induction generator. The compensator current reduces the reactive (inductive) component of the current consumed from a power grid to a value equal to zero. The reactive power compensator ensures that the tgφ power factor is maintained at a set value of zero, which corresponds to the total compensation of inductive reactive power consumed by an induction generator working in a hydropower plant. Operation of the active compensator did not cause a significant increase in the harmonic content in the current consumed from the power grid. Conclusions: The paper presents the issues regarding reactive power compensation in hydropower plants with induction generators. Commonly used capacitor compensation has been covered and as a result, it is proposed to replace it with power electronics converter compensation of reactive power connected in parallel induction generators. Active compensator provides compensation for the entire reactive power consumed by the induction generator. The use of the converter compensator of reactive power significantly contributes to the reduction of costs for reactive power incurred by the owners of hydropower plants. The reactive power compensator also has a positive impact on the operation of the entire power grid, power losses from the reactive component of the current on the impedances of power grid components are limited. Keywords: renewable source of electricity, reactive power, active compensator, induction generator Type of article: original scientific article
The Role of Smoke Detectors and Carbon Monoxide Detectors in the Fire Safety of Residential Buildings
Authors: Garlińska Urszula , Iwańska Marta , Śliwiński Robert , Florek Paweł
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The aim of this publication is to present the most important aspects of using smoke and carbon monoxide detectors intended for households or similar residential facilities as well as to indicate the advantages and disadvantages of the adopted system solutions that affect the number of detectors installed in this kind of buildings. The article aims to present the issues related to the Integrated Qualifications System (ZSK), i.e. newly developed market qualification, dedicated to installers and maintenance technicians of smoke and carbon monoxide detectors. Introduction: Smoke and carbon monoxide detectors for early detection of existing threats such as fires or escaping carbon monoxide are an important element of fire protection, dedicated primarily to owners of residential buildings. In many countries in the EU it is obligatory to install detectors in homes, whereas at the moment in Poland the only aspect regulated legally is the obligation of the manufacturer of these products to obtain a certificate. Since 2016, the ZSK has been operating in Poland, in which in 2019 the qualifications of installers/maintenance technicians of smoke and carbon monoxide detectors were distinguished. As a result, a person with a market qualification certificate is prepared for independent installation and maintenance of fire safety monitoring devices Methodology: As part of the research process, theoretical research was used, such as: analysis of literature and legal documents, synthesis, general- ization, inference, comparison and analogy. As part of the research, documents from such countries as Poland, Great Britain (mainly England), Germany and France were analysed. The selection of individual countries was guided by the level of development of these systems in a given country and the availability of source documents Conclusions: The presented analysis of the requirements for the installation of the smoke and carbon monoxide detectors shows how different the ap- proach is regarding the use of this type of devices. Depending on experiences and the administrative structure of a given country, a variety of regulations, whether legal or normative, can be discerned in the use of smoke and carbon monoxide detectors. ZSK is a well-described system of formal organization and classification of competences and offers the public services at the highest possible quality level. It is also a partial solution to the problem of installing detectors. However, it is necessary to regulate this issue from the legal level, as it was the case in other EU countries, where the installation of detectors in homes is obligatory. Such action will contribute to reducing the victims of fires or inhalation of toxic gases (carbon monoxide) Keywords: Integrated Qualifications System (ZSK), smoke alarm detector, electrical apparatus for the detection of carbon monoxide, carbon monoxide, residential buildings Type of article: review article
Case Article—ReCellular Inc: Managing Demand Uncertainty in Closed-Loop Remanufacturing
Authors: Mutha Akshay , Bansal Saurabh , Guide V. Daniel R.
Published: August 2021

The modeling-based case study is useful for two purposes: introduce closed-loop supply chains and highlight and model some of its unique aspects that the traditional newsvendor formulation does not capture. The case focuses on a third-party remanufacturer (3PR) who buys used cellphones in different quality grades in anticipation of demand. Phones in high grade have been used gently—they have a high acquisition cost but low remanufacturing cost. Low-grade phones have been used extensively—they are cheaper to acquire but have a higher remanufacturing cost. Medium-grade phones have intermediate acquisition and remanufacturing costs. The 3PR needs to trade off these two costs and determine which grade(s) of used phones to buy. The 3PR restores all phones to the same like-new standard during remanufacturing. Extensive use of the case in supply chain management courses shows that in the absence of a mathematical model, students systematically deviate from the optimal decisions because of contextual features. Overall, students believed the case was challenging and that it provides a valuable learning experience, both as an exposure to the closed-loop supply chain domain as well as developing models with industry-specific factors.

Supplemental Material: The Teaching Note and Excel solution are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ited.2021.0254ca .
What’s in a Name? Eponymous Private Firms and Financial Reporting Quality
Authors: Minichilli Alessandro , Prencipe Annalisa , Radhakrishnan Suresh , Siciliano Gianfranco
Published: August 2021

This study examines the relation between financial reporting quality (FRQ) and eponymy, that is, naming a firm after the founder. We hypothesize that compared with noneponymous firms, eponymous firms have higher FRQ because of reputation concerns. Using a sample of 2,271 large Italian private firms, we document that eponymy is positively associated with accrual-based FRQ measures, a Benford’s law–based FRQ measure, and a tax-related misstatement–based FRQ measure. Consistent with the reputation concern rationale, we find that the positive association between eponymy and FRQ is attributable to eponymous firms that have rarer names or receive more press coverage. Furthermore, the positive association between FRQ and eponymy is similar whether the top executives/board members belong to the founding family’s first or later generations. We also find that eponymous firms are more conditionally conservative. Collectively, the results suggest that reputation concerns act as a disciplining mechanism for FRQ in private firms.

This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting.
Valuation Effects of Norway’s Board Gender-Quota Law Revisited
Authors: Eckbo B. Espen , Nygaard Knut , Thorburn Karin S.
Published: August 2021

We highlight the complexities in estimating the valuation effects of board gender quotas by critically revisiting studies of Norway’s pioneering board gender-quota law. We use the short-run event study of Ahern and Dittmar [Ahern KR, Dittmar A (2012) The changing of the boards: The impact on firm valuation of mandated female board representation. Quart. J. Econom. 127(1):137–197] to illustrate (1) the difficulties in attributing quota-related news to specific dates, (2) the need to account for contemporaneous cross-correlation of stock returns when judging the statistical significance of event-related abnormal stock returns, and (3) the fundamental difficulty of separating quota-induced valuation effects from the influences of firm characteristics and macroeconomic events such as the financial crisis. We provide new evidence suggesting that the valuation effect of Norway’s quota law was statistically insignificant. Overall, our evidence suggests that, at the time of the Norwegian quota, the supply of qualified female director candidates was high enough to avoid the negative consequences of the quota highlighted previously in the literature.

This paper was accepted by Renee Adams, finance.
More Women in Tech? Evidence from a Field Experiment Addressing Social Identity
Authors: Del Carpio Lucía , Guadalupe Maria
Published: August 2021

We study the impact of using informational messaging aimed at encouraging women to seek a career in technology and the resulting trade-offs for organizations pursuing recruitment strategies of this kind. Our treatment, implemented through two field experiments among potential applicants to a five-month software-coding program targeted at low-income women in Peru and Mexico, counterbalances the strong male stereotype associated with a career in tech. Although our informational messages substantially increase application rates, including candidates at the top of the cognitive skill distribution, they introduce negative selection on cognitive skills, implying a higher cost of screening. Moreover, we observe selection on the noncognitive dimensions addressed with the treatment (e.g., stronger gender stereotypes and traditional norms). This points to the barriers that preclude more women from applying to tech positions, as well as the trade-offs for organizations of adopting such a strategy.

This paper was accepted by Alfonso Gambardella, business strategy.
Pengaruh Penambahan Varian Ubi Jalar terhadap Sifat Organoleptik Es Krim
Authors: Baitirahman Anisa Nur , Utami Nurul Putrie
Published: August 2021

Es krim merupakan produk olahan pangan beku yang biasa dikonsumsi sebagai makanan selingan (dessert) dengan bahan utama dalam pembuatannya seperti lemak, bahan kering tanpa lemak (BKTL), bahan pemanis, pengemulsi dan bahan penstabil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan ubi jalar terhadap sifat organoleptik es krim serta untuk mengetahui tingkat kesukaan panelis terhadap es krim ubi jalar. Perlakuan yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah perbandingan pemberian ubi jalar yang berbeda warna  dengan formula sebagai berikut : B1= penambahan ubi jalar 0%, B2= penambahan ubi jalar ungu 7,5% tehadap 1000 ml susu cair, B3=penambahan ubi ungu 15% terhadap 1000 ml susu cair, B4= penambahan ubi jalar ungu 22,5% terhadap 1000 ml susu cair, B5= penambahan ubi jalar kuning 22,5% terhadap 1000 ml susu cair dan B6= penambahan ubi jalar putih 22,5% terhadap 1000 ml susu cair. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap yang dinilai oleh 22 orang panelis semi terlatih sebagai ulangan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pemberian ubi jalar sangat berpengaruh terhadap sifat organoleptik dan tingkat kesukaan panelis terhaap es krim.
Pengaruh Metode Blanching pada Proses Pengeringan Cabai
Authors: Khaerunnisya Nida , Rahmawati Elok
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengeringan cabai dengan metode blanching, dimana proses blanching bertujuan untuk menonaktifan enzim yang terdapat didalam cabai. Peneletian dilakukan dengan tahapan berbeda yaitu dengan penjemuran langsung,dan melalui proses blanching dengan memberikan campuran larutan Natrium Metabisulfit (Na2S2O5) dan kemudian di blanching dengan beberapa waktu yang berbeda yaitu 3 menit, 7 menit, dan 11 menit. Hasilnya cabai yang melalaui proses blanching memiliki warna, aroma, dan rasa yang lebih baik dari pada cabai yang tidak melalui proses blanching.
Pengaruh Penambahan Ekstrak Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Asam Laktat pada Pembuatan Yogurt Telang
Authors: Nadia Lana Santika , Sutakwa Adi , Suharman Suharman
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh penambahan ekstrak bunga telang dan penambahan susu skim pada pertumbuhan bakteri asam laktat. Rancangan perconaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan perlakuan tanpa dan penambahan ekstrak bunga telang (1% v/v). Pembuatan yogurt dan yogurt telang menggunakan susu skim (SS), susu pasteurisasi (SP), susu UHT(SU), susu pasteurisasi dengan penambahan 5% (b/v) bubuk skim (SPS), dan susu UHT dengan penambahan 5% (b/v) bubuk skim (SUS). Hasil analisa total BAL menunjukkan tidak berbeda nyata dan semua variabel tersebut sesuai dengan Standar SNI 2981:2009. Kesimpulannya, Penambahan ekstak bunga telang tidak menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri asam laktat namun juga tidak meningkatkan pertumbuhan BAL. Namun, asam laktat meningkat dengan penambahan ekstrak bunga telang. Dengan menambahkan susu skim dapat pula meningkatkan asam laktat pada yogurt.
Kadar Protein pada Produk Substitusi Tepung Mocaf (Cookies, Mi, Brownies, Nugget Ayam)
Authors: Nurhanifah Febi , Naenum Najib Tuisina , Silviwanda Silviwanda , Azkia Zahra
Published: August 2021

Tepung mocaf (Modified Cassava Flour) merupakan hasil modifikasi tepung ubi kayu menggunakan Bakteri Asam Laktat (BAL) melalui proses fermentasi. Kandungan protein pada produk pangan berbasis tepung mocaf dapat ditingkatkan dengan menambahkan bahan lain yang berkadar protein tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan membandingkan alternatif terbaik dalam meningkatkan kadar protein pada produk tersebut. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah literature review dengan jenis analisis deskriptif. Kadar protein yang dihasilkan pada produk olahan mocaf di antaranya yaitu produk cookies mocaf dengan tepung tempe sebesar 9,09±0,22%, pada produk mi mocaf dengan tepung lele sebesar 14,65±0,19%, pada produk brownies dengan tepung koro sebesar 8,73%, dan pada produk nugget ayam dengan penambahan tepung tulang rawan sebesar 18,70%.
Analisis Sikap Konsumen Pada Makanan Olahan Berbasis Singkong : Studi Kasus Pada Brownies Berbahan Mocaf “Cokro Tela”
Authors: Fadilah Arsy Nur , Suryantini Any , Darwanto Dwidjono Hadi
Published: August 2021

Saat ini kecenderungan selera konsumsi masyarakat cenderung kepada produk impor berbasis terigu. Disisi lain pangan lokal seringkali dianggap sebagai makanan yang inferior dan terigu dianggap sebagai makanan superior. Peningkatan kebebasan masyarakat untuk memilih bahan pangan yang dikonsumsinya memungkinkan untuk dilakukan subtitusi pangan berbasis tepung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui atribut-atribut yang mempengaruhi pemilihan produk brownies Cokro Tela berbahan baku mocaf dan mengetahui sikap konsumen terhadap brownies Cokro Tela berbahan baku mocaf. Responden dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 80 orang yang diambil secara Purposive sampling dimana responden diambil berdasarkan kriteria tertentu yaitu responden yang sudah pernah membeli dan mencoba brownies Cokro Tela. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode survei. Model analisis yang digunakan yaitu Model Fishbein. Model tersebut digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi sikap konsumen terhadap atribut brownies Cokro Tela berbahan baku mocaf yang meliputi atribut campuran mocaf dan terigu, harga, varian brownies, rasa dan tekstur. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa atribut yang paling mempengaruhi dalam pemilihan produk brownies Cokro Tela berbahan mocaf adalah atribut rasa (18,17) dan tekstur (17,03). Sikap konsumen terhadap keseluruhan atribut brownies Cokro Tela dianggap baik.
Three-stage revision arthroplasty for the treatment of fungal periprosthetic joint infection: outcome analysis of a novel treatment algorithm
Authors: Baecker Hinnerk , Frieler Sven , Geßmann Jan , Pauly Stephan , Schildhauer Thomas A. , Hanusrichter Yannik
Published: August 2021

Aims

Fungal periprosthetic joint infections (fPJIs) are rare complications, constituting only 1% of all PJIs. Neither a uniform definition for fPJI has been established, nor a standardized treatment regimen. Compared to bacterial PJI, there is little evidence for fPJI in the literature with divergent results. Hence, we implemented a novel treatment algorithm based on three-stage revision arthroplasty, with local and systemic antifungal therapy to optimize treatment for fPJI.

Methods

From 2015 to 2018, a total of 18 patients with fPJI were included in a prospective, single-centre study (DKRS-ID 00020409). The diagnosis of PJI is based on the European Bone and Joint Infection Society definition of periprosthetic joint infections. The baseline parameters (age, sex, and BMI) and additional data (previous surgeries, pathogen spectrum, and Charlson Comorbidity Index) were recorded. A therapy protocol with three-stage revision, including a scheduled spacer exchange, was implemented. Systemic antifungal medication was administered throughout the entire treatment period and continued for six months after reimplantation. A minimum follow-up of 24 months was defined.

Results

Eradication of infection was achieved in 16 out of 18 patients (88.8%), with a mean follow-up of 35 months (25 to 54). Mixed bacterial and fungal infections were present in seven cases (39%). The interval period, defined as the period of time from explantation to reimplantation, was 119 days (55 to 202). In five patients, a salvage procedure was performed (three cementless modular knee arthrodesis, and two Girdlestone procedures).

Conclusion

Therapy for fPJI is complex, with low cure rates according to the literature. No uniform treatment recommendations presently exist for fPJI. Three-stage revision arthroplasty with prolonged systemic antifungal therapy showed promising results. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(8):671–678.
Seismic Performance Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Frame Structures Based on Computational Mechanics
Authors: Yang Taochun , Li Yanjun , Zhai Xiaohui
Published: August 2021

In order to study the degradation law and seismic performance of reinforced concrete frame structure with the extension of service time under normal service environment, the multi-scale modeling of corroded reinforced concrete frame is carried out by using the general finite element analysis software ABAQUS. The correctness of the multi-scale modeling method is verified by the experimental data of corroded reinforced concrete members and single frame. The pushover analysis and elastic-plastic time history analysis of a four story reinforced concrete frame structure are carried out by using a multi-scale model. Then the seismic response and damage of RC frame structures with different service time are compared. The experimental results show that the established seismic performance model of reinforced concrete frame structure is more practical in practical application and can meet the research requirements.
Variations in Physico-Mechanical Properties of Lonchocarpus sericeus (Poir), a Lesser-Used Species in West Africa
Authors: Aguda Lawrence Olanipekun , Olufemi Babatola , Ajayi Babatunde , Adejoba Olajide Rasaq , Ojo Adedeji Robert , Olajide Bernard , Angurwa Gloria Titi
Published: August 2021

This study investigates the properties of Lonchocarpus sericeus to determine its potential use for timber. Three matured trees of L. sericeus were selected from a forest located in Longe Village, Oluyole Local Government Area in Oyo State, Nigeria. Discs from the harvested trees were collected at the base (10%), middle (50%), and top (90%) and further partitioned into inner wood, center wood, and outer wood. An investigation was carried out to characterize the wood age, density, shrinkage, impact strength, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, compressive, and shear strength. The ages were 28, 29 and 32 years. The mean wood density at 12 percent moisture content was 836.63 kg/m3, which shows that it belongs to the high-density wood category. The mean shrinkage values in the radial, tangential, and longitudinal directions were 2.50, 3.99, and 0.78 percent respectively; the volumetric shrinkage was 6.36 percent. These shrinkage values were indicative of good dimensional stability. The mean impact bending strength, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, maximum shear strength parallel to grain, and maximum compression strength parallel to the grain were 24.14, 114.18, 11,276, 12.76, and 47.16 N/mm2, respectively. End-use assessments suggest that the wood species can be used in similar applications as well-known timbers. The study found L. sericeus to be very dense with high strength in comparison to well-known timbers. It was observed that the mechanical properties of the species decrease from the base to the top and also increase from the outer wood to the core wood.
Parameter optimization of frequency sweeping digital holography for the measurement of ground optical surfaces
Authors: Kaván František , Psota Pavel , Mach Marek , Stašík Marek , Lédl Vít
Published: August 2021

This paper describes the dependence of the precision of digital holographic methods on
measurement parameters. The predominantly discussed parameters are
illumination intensity and its homogeneity, surface microroughness,
the influence of measurement geometry, as well as object shape, since
most of them can be optimized by experimental arrangement. Frequency
sweeping digital holography as well as dual-wavelength digital
holography in the Fourier arrangement are tested and the results are
discussed. It transpires that the methods are not very sensitive to
object microroughness or overall reflectivity. Instead, it is the
similarity of signal and reference waves that has the highest impact
on measurement. After parameter optimization, the holographic methods
can be advantageously used for ground surface measurements in optical
workshops.
Broadband chirped mirrors with a porous top layer for smooth group delay dispersion
Authors: Melnikas Simas , Ramalis Lukas , Kičas Simonas , Tolenis Tomas
Published: August 2021

The effectiveness of ultrashort pulse compression depends on the coatings group delay dispersion (GDD) characteristics in chirped mirror (CM)-based optical systems. Current porous-layer-based CMs with low GDD oscillations are limited to less than half optical octave spectral bandwidth and the stability of their spectral parameters is still unknown. In order to address these limitations, a broadband CM (covering 400 nm bandwidth) with a porous top layer was deposited and spectral parameters were measured at different environmental conditions. The modeled refractive index of the porous layer varied by approximately 1% due to the changes in humidity. Deposited coatings exhibited low sensitivity of GDD oscillations to deposition errors of porous layer and humidity in the surrounding environment.
Efficient informatics-based source and mask optimization for optical lithography
Authors: Pan Yihua , Ma Xu , Zhang Shengen , Garcia-Frias Javier , Arce Gonzalo R.
Published: August 2021

Source and mask optimization (SMO) is a widely used computational lithography technology that greatly improves the image fidelity of lithography systems. This paper develops an efficient informatics-based SMO (EISMO) method to improve the image fidelity of lithography systems. First, a communication channel model is established to depict the mechanism of information transmission in the SMO framework, where the source is obtained from the gradient-based SMO algorithm. The manufacturing-aware mask distribution is then optimized to achieve the best mutual information, and the theoretical lower bound of lithography patterning error is obtained. Subsequently, an efficient informatics-based method is proposed to refine the mask optimization result in SMO, further reducing the lithography patterning error. It is shown that the proposed EISMO method is computationally efficient and can achieve superior imaging performance over the conventional SMO method.
Acoustic graphene plasmon resonator based on gold nanowire
arrays
Authors: Tong Kai , Chen Jingzhe , Wang Tao , Zhang Qianqian
Published: August 2021

An acoustic graphene plasmon (AGP) resonator based on gold nanowire arrays structure is
proposed in this paper. The resonator is designed by continuous
graphene layer/gold nanowire arrays/optical resonant cavity. The
infrared light excites the AGP in the graphene/gold arrays structure
and propagates along the graphene surface. The coupling efficiency can
be improved by the optical resonator cavity. The finite-difference
time-domain method is used to simulate and optimize the property of
the resonator. The results show that the resonator has a stronger
optical limiting effect and higher coupling efficiency. The AGPs are a
prospective platform that enhances light–matter interactions, reduces
spread loss, and exhibits a double resonance absorption phenomenon in
the studied mid-infrared wavelength range. The research results
provide a basis for the design of optoelectronic devices and more.
Effect of optical coherence tomography and angiography sampling rate towards diabetic retinopathy severity classification
Authors: Yu Timothy T. , Ma Da , Lo Julian , Ju Myeong Jin , Beg Mirza Faisal , Sarunic Marinko V.
Published: August 2021

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCT-A) may benefit the screening of diabetic retinopathy (DR). This study investigated the effect of laterally subsampling OCT/OCT-A en face scans by up to a factor of 8 when using deep neural networks for automated referable DR classification. There was no significant difference in the classification performance across all evaluation metrics when subsampling up to a factor of 3, and only minimal differences up to a factor of 8. Our findings suggest that OCT/OCT-A can reduce the number of samples (and hence the acquisition time) for a volume for a given field of view on the retina that is acquired for rDR classification.
Athermal silicon photonic wavemeter for broadband and high-accuracy wavelength measurements
Authors: Stern Brian , Kim Kwangwoong , Gariah Harry , Bitauld David
Published: August 2021

We propose and demonstrate an integrated wavemeter capable of accurate and broadband measurements without control or knowledge of the temperature. In our design, interferometers composed of silicon and silicon nitride waveguides enable accurate measurements of an input optical wavelength despite large and rapid temperature fluctuations of 20°C by leveraging the disparity in thermo-optic properties of the waveguides. We derive formulas which resolve the wavelength and temperature ambiguity of the interferometers. The fabricated wavemeter chip is found to have a mean accuracy of 11 pm over an 80 nm range near 1550 nm. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of an athermal silicon wavemeter and the lowest measurement error across such a broad wavelength range using silicon photonics. This result may reduce the cost and size of wavemeters used in combination with integrated lasers for optical communications, sensing, and other applications.
PDM-16QAM transmission of 135  GBaud enabled by 120  GSa/s DAC and Tomlinson–Harashima pre-coding
Authors: Huang Guoxiu , Nakashima Hisao , Hoshida Takeshi
Published: August 2021

We experimentally verified that Tomlinson–Harashima (TH) pre-coding for an optical coherent system can enhance the speed of polarization division multiplexing (PDM) 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signal to be higher than 135 GBaud with 120 GSa/s digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and electrical/optical/electrical bandwidth of the system narrower than 57 GHz at

−
30

d
B

. The improvement of achievable capacity based on the received SNR in optical back-to-back conditions could be obviously observed by comparing the PDM-16QAM signal with and without TH pre-coding. The normalized generalized mutual information of the 135 GBaud PDM-16QAM signal for 120 km standard single mode fiber transmission was much higher than the threshold of error-free operation of a 5/6 code rate of digital video broadcasting satellite second generation low-density parity check forward error correction. To the best of our knowledge, the ratio of the symbol rate to the DAC sampling rate (135 GBaud over 120 GSa/s) is the highest ever reported for DAC-based optical coherent systems. The reachable distance of a 140 GBaud PDM-16QAM signal can be predicted to be approximately 100 km, even with the imperfect timing recovery operation.
Understanding photodetection nonlinearity in dual-comb interferometry
Authors: Guay Philippe , Tourigny-Plante Alex , Michaud-Belleau Vincent , Bourbeau Hébert Nicolas , Gouin Ariane , Genest Jérôme
Published: August 2021

The impact of photodetector nonlinearity on dual-comb spectrometers is described and compared to that of Michelson-based Fourier transform spectrometers (FTS). The optical sampling occurring in the dual-comb approach, being the key difference with FTS, causes optical aliasing of the nonlinear spectral artifacts. Measured linear and nonlinear interferograms are presented to validate the model. Absorption lines of H13CN are provided to understand the impact of nonlinearity on spectroscopic measurements.
Seroepidemiologic survey of emerging vector-borne infections in South Korean forest/field workers
Authors: Noh Ji Yun , Song Joon Young , Bae Joon Yong , Park Man-Seong , Yoon Jin Gu , Cheong Hee Jin , Kim Woo Joo
Published: August 2021

With global warming and lush forest change, vector-borne infections are expected to increase in the number and diversity of agents. Since the first report of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in 2013, the number of reported cases has increased annually in South Korea. However, although tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) was detected from ticks and wild rodents, there is no human TBE case report in South Korea. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of TBEV and SFTS virus (SFTSV) among forest and field workers in South Korea. From January 2017 to August 2018, a total 583 sera were obtained from the forest and field workers in South Korea. IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and neutralization assay were conducted for TBEV, and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and neutralization assay were performed for SFTSV. Seroprevalence of TBEV was 0.9% (5/583) by IgG ELISA, and 0.3% (2/583) by neutralization assay. Neutralizing antibody against TBEV was detected in a forest worker in Jeju (1:113) and Hongcheon (1:10). Only 1 (0.2%) forest worker in Yeongju was seropositive for SFTSV by IFA (1:2,048) and neutralizing antibody was detected also. In conclusion, this study shows that it is necessary to raise the awareness of physicians about TBEV infection and to make efforts to survey and diagnose vector-borne diseases in South Korea.
Adaptive two-stage inverse sampling design to estimate density, abundance, and occupancy of rare and clustered populations
Authors: Salehi Mohammad , Smith David R.
Published: August 2021

Sampling rare and clustered populations is challenging because of the effort required to find rare units. Heuristically, a practitioner would prefer to discontinue sampling in areas where rare units of interest are apparently extremely sparse or absent. We take advantage of the characteristics of inverse sampling to adaptively inform practitioners when it is efficient to move on to sample new areas. We introduce Adaptive Two-stage Inverse Sampling (ATIS), which is designed to leave a selected area after observation of an a priori number of only non-rare units and to continue sampling in the area when rare units are observed. ATIS is efficient in many cases and yields more rare units than conventional sampling for a rare and clustered population. We derive unbiased estimators of population total and variance. We also introduce an easy-to-compute estimator, which is nearly as efficient as the unbiased estimator. A simulation study on a rare plant population of buttercups (Ranunculus) shows that ATIS even with the easy-to-compute estimator is more efficient than its conventional sampling counterparts and is more efficient than Two-stage Adaptive Cluster Sampling (TACS) for small and moderate final sample sizes. Additional simulations reveal that ATIS is efficient for binary data (e.g., presence or absence) whereas TACS is inefficient for binary data. The overall results indicate that ATIS is consistently efficient compared to conventional sampling and to adaptive cluster sampling in some important cases.
Sexing white 2D footprints using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Budka Marcin , Bennett Matthew R. , Reynolds Sally C. , Barefoot Shelby , Reel Sarah , Reidy Selina , Walker Jeremy
Published: August 2021

Footprints are left, or obtained, in a variety of scenarios from crime scenes to anthropological investigations. Determining the sex of a footprint can be useful in screening such impressions and attempts have been made to do so using single or multi landmark distances, shape analyses and via the density of friction ridges. Here we explore the relative importance of different components in sexing two-dimensional foot impressions namely, size, shape and texture. We use a machine learning approach and compare this to more traditional methods of discrimination. Two datasets are used, a pilot data set collected from students at Bournemouth University (N = 196) and a larger data set collected by podiatrists at Sheffield NHS Teaching Hospital (N = 2677). Our convolutional neural network can sex a footprint with accuracy of around 90% on a test set of N = 267 footprint images using all image components, which is better than an expert can achieve. However, the quality of the impressions impacts on this success rate, but the results are promising and in time it may be possible to create an automated screening algorithm in which practitioners of whatever sort (medical or forensic) can obtain a first order sexing of a two-dimensional footprint.
Childhood neurodevelopmental markers and risk of premature mortality: Follow-up to age 60–65 years in the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s study
Authors: Warrilow Adele , Der Geoff , Cooper Sally-Ann , Minnis Helen , Pell Jill P.
Published: August 2021

Background

Individual neurodevelopmental disorders are associated with premature mortality. Little is known about the association between multiple neurodevelopmental markers and premature mortality at a population level. The ESSENCE (Early Symptomatic Syndromes Eliciting Neurodevelopmental Clinical Examinations) approach considers multiple neurodevelopmental parameters, assessing several markers in parallel that cluster, rather than considering individual diagnostic categories in isolation.

Objectives

To determine whether childhood neurodevelopmental markers, including reduced intellectual functioning, are associated with all-cause premature mortality.

Methods and procedures

In a general population cohort study (n = 12,150) with longitudinal follow up from childhood to middle age, Cox proportional hazard models were used to study the associations between childhood neurodevelopmental markers (Rutter B scale and IQ) and premature all-cause mortality.

Outcomes and results

The cognitive measures and 21 of the 26 Rutter B items were significantly associated with premature mortality in bivariate analyses with hazard ratios from 1.24 (95% CI 1.05–1.47) to 2.25 (95% CI 1.78–2.90). In the final adjusted model, neurodevelopmental markers suggestive of several domains including hyperactivity, conduct problems and intellectual impairment were positively associated with premature mortality and improved prediction of premature mortality.

Conclusions

A wide range of neurodevelopmental markers, including childhood IQ, were found to predict premature mortality in a large general population cohort with longitudinal follow up to 60–65 years of age.

Implications

These findings highlight the importance of a holistic assessment of children with neurodevelopmental markers that addresses a range of neurodevelopmental conditions. Our findings could open the door to a shift in child public mental health focus, where multiple and/or cumulative markers of neurodevelopmental conditions alert clinicians to the need for early intervention. This could lead to a reduction in the risk of broad health outcomes at a population level.