bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De betilos a piedras de afilar/toque en la Protohistoria del suroeste de la Península Ibérica (siglos IX-III a.C.)
Authors: Bermúdez Cordero Marta
Published: December 2024

En el presente artículo se analizan una serie de piezas cilíndricas realizadas en piedra procedentes de los yacimientos protohistóricos del suroeste peninsular de La Joya (Huelva), Paterna del Campo (Huelva), Cancho Roano (Zalamea de la Serena, Badajoz), El Turuñuelo (Guareña, Badajoz) y Tejada la Vieja (Escacena del Campo, Huelva). Estas han sido concebidas por parte de diversos autores como posibles betilos. Sin embargo, carecemos de referencias escritas datadas entre el II y I milenios a.C. que mencionen la existencia de betilos en contextos funerarios y domésticos. Frente a ello, se defiende a partir de numerosos paralelos arqueológicos del área próximo-oriental, mediterránea y centroeuropea que dichas piezas deben ser identificadas como piedras de afilar o de toque, compartiendo con los ejemplares peninsulares su materia, forma, dimensiones o los contextos en los que aparecen.
Revisión y reinterpretación de las ánforas del yacimiento submarino de Benafeli (Almassora, Castellón)
Authors: Pascual Berlanga Guillermo , Clausell Cantavella Gerardo , García Borja Pablo
Published: December 2024

Se presentan los resultados del estudio de la colección de ánforas depositadas en el Museo del Torrelló , cuya cronología se enmarca entre los siglos VII a.C. y V d.C. Todas ellas se extrajeron de las aguas de la playa de Benafeli, la cual está situada al norte de la desembocadura del río Mijares (Almazora, Castellón). Se trata de un conjunto que fue parcialmente publicado en los años 80 del s. XX. Desde la última publicación en 1985 se han añadido nuevas piezas que recogemos en este trabajo. En la colección hay restos de diversas tipologías y centros de producción. Sin embargo, este estudio permite establecer una serie de grupos de ánforas bien definidos que otorgan un nuevo sentido a los hallazgos y dan pie a plantear nuevas hipótesis para reinterpretar el yacimiento.
5300-4700 cal BC in the Middle Ebro valley and the northeast of the Iberian peninsular
Authors: Oms Arias F. Xavier , Mestres Josep , Laborda Rafael , Bosch Àngel , Martín Araceli , Tarrús Josep
Published: December 2024

Neolithic of impressed, incised and grooved potteries and the Epicardial Neolithic represent cultural phenomena that are part of the first agropastoral groups in the Iberian Peninsula, sometimes as the first stage of neolithization, and sometimes as its consolidation. In Ebro valley and the NE of Iberia, these two cultural groups have a similar chronological development and similar ceramic decorations. However, their geographical distribution differs markedly. In this work we have analyzed these parameters to determine the origins of each group, its development and its dissolution in others, in a chronological range of c. 5300-4700 cal BC.
Los molinos de vaivén desde el Neolítico a la Edad del Hierro en el Noroeste Ibérico. Una propuesta cronotipológica
Authors: Pereira Martinez Xurxo , Méndez-Quintas Eduardo , Prieto Martínez María Pilar
Published: December 2024

Los artefactos de molienda de la Prehistoria reciente y Protohistoria en el noroeste peninsular no han recibido especial atención por parte de la comunidad científica. Dada estas circunstancias realizamos el estudio de una muestra amplia de artefactos relacionados con la molienda de vaivén, procedentes de contextos arqueológicos datados entre el Neolítico y la Edad del Hierro. Analizamos sistemáticamente una muestra de más de 170 artefactos (molinos, muelas y morteros) con el objetivo de desarrollar una metodología que nos permita caracterizar este tipo de elementos, y realizar una primera propuesta cronotipológica. En este trabajo hemos podido comprobar como las transformaciones formales de estos artefactos líticos, durante la Prehistoria y la Edad del Hierro, responden a criterios funcionales y muestran (re)adaptaciones constantes, pero subyacen ciertos patrones culturales.
Gestión del agua en los edificios de espectáculos en la Hispania Romana. Balance historiográfico
Authors: Aponte Henao Julián Andrés
Published: December 2024

Pese a la larga tradición en el estudio y análisis de los edificios de espectáculos, raramente se ha prestado atención a las estructuras ligadas al abastecimiento, gestión y evacuación del agua en estos espacios. En el presente trabajo se revisan las estructuras hidráulicas descritas en la bibliografía referente a estos edificios, en un primer intento de sistematización. A partir de la información sobre la gestión del agua, se busca comparar los hallazgos sobre los sistemas hidráulicos en estos edificios y resaltar los aspectos menos abarcados por la arqueología peninsular.
Seixanta anys de la revista Saguntum. Papeles del Laboratorio de Arqueología de Valencia (1962-2022). Anàlisi historiogràfica i bibliomètrica
Authors: Mata Parreño Consuelo , Arasa Gil Ferran , Díez Castillo Agustín
Published: December 2024

L’any 2022 es van complir seixanta anys de la publicació del primer número de la revista Saguntum. Papeles del Laboratorio de Arqueología de Valencia, que fou fundada pel professor Miquel Tarradell i Mateu.  Amb motiu d’aquest aniversari presentem una anàlisi historiogràfica i bibliomètrica dels cinquanta-quatre números publicats fins aquell any. Hem dividit aquest període en tres etapes per raó dels principals canvis que la revista ha experimentat, en relació amb l’evolució de la disciplina i la introducció de nous sistemes de classificació i avaluació de les revistes científiques en l’àmbit de les humanitats. L’estudi s’aborda en el marc de les publicacions espanyoles sobre Arqueologia, mitjançant la comparació amb altres revistes de temàtica similar.
Le evergesie di Plinio il Giovane a beneficio della res publica Comensium. Note minime a proposito di CIL, V 5262 = ILS, 2927 [rr. 9-15]
Authors: Lepore Paolo
Published: December 2024

Abstract The essay focuses on CIL, V 5262 = ILS, 2927 [ll. 9-15], with the aim of ana-lysing the legal institutions that Pliny the Younger would have resorted to in order to im-plement the liberalities, referred by the titulus, that he addressed for the benefit of the res publica Comensium.
Un ricordo personale del Professor Ferdinando Zuccotti
Authors: Masuelli Saverio
Published: December 2024

Abstract The contribution proposes to the reader’s attention some, so to speak, unpublished aspects, detected along many years of attendance, in relation to the human and scientific personality of Prof. Ferdinando Zuccotti. First, we dwell on his passion for the world of science fiction and his vast knowledge also in relation to the specific literary genre (extended to film production). Secondly, we dwell on another characteristic of the personality of the Remembered, an expression as it were of the related taxonomic drive, namely the passion for collecting models, especially naval ones. Finally, trying to unearth a sort of common thread, capable of metaphorically linking the aspects considered (with particular regard to the first one, that is, the interest in the world of science fiction), we highlight the particular interest in the religious phenomenon, reflected in many studies elaborated by Ferdinando Zuccotti and in particular attitudes traceable even in certain episodes of daily life. An interest that, constantly accompanied by a way of posing that is an expression of a scientific mentality can reveal a singular sensitivity to mystery and transcendence.
Statistical analysis supports pervasive RNA subcellular localization and alternative 3' UTR regulation
Authors: Bierman Rob , Dave Jui M , Greif Daniel M , Salzman Julia
Published: December 2024

Targeted low-throughput studies have previously identified subcellular RNA localization as necessary for cellular functions including polarization, and translocation. Furthermore, these studies link localization to RNA isoform expression, especially 3’ Untranslated Region (UTR) regulation. The recent introduction of genome-wide spatial transcriptomics techniques enables the potential to test if subcellular localization is regulated in situ pervasively. In order to do this, robust statistical measures of subcellular localization and alternative poly-adenylation (APA) at single-cell resolution are needed. Developing a new statistical framework called SPRAWL, we detect extensive cell-type specific subcellular RNA localization regulation in the mouse brain and to a lesser extent mouse liver. We integrated SPRAWL with a new approach to measure cell-type specific regulation of alternative 3’ UTR processing and detected examples of significant correlations between 3’ UTR length and subcellular localization. Included examples, Timp3, Slc32a1, Cxcl14, and Nxph1 have subcellular localization in the mouse brain highly correlated with regulated 3’ UTR processing that includes the use of unannotated, but highly conserved, 3’ ends. Together, SPRAWL provides a statistical framework to integrate multi-omic single-cell resolved measurements of gene-isoform pairs to prioritize an otherwise impossibly large list of candidate functional 3’ UTRs for functional prediction and study. In these studies of data from mice, SPRAWL predicts that 3’ UTR regulation of subcellular localization may be more pervasive than currently known.
Dysfunctional S1P/S1PR1 signaling in the dentate gyrus drives vulnerability of chronic pain-related memory impairment
Authors: Cui Mengqiao , Pan Xiaoyuan , Fan Zhijie , Wu Shulin , Ji Ran , Wang Xianlei , Kong Xiangxi , Wu Zhou , Song Lingzhen , Song Weiyi , Yang Jun-Xia , Zhang Hongjie , Zhang Hongxing , Ding Hai-Lei , Cao Jun-Li
Published: December 2024

Memory impairment in chronic pain patients is substantial and common, and few therapeutic strategies are available. Chronic pain-related memory impairment has susceptible and unsusceptible features. Therefore, exploring the underlying mechanisms of its vulnerability is essential for developing effective treatments. Here, combining two spatial memory tests (Y-maze test and Morris water maze), we segregated chronic pain mice into memory impairment-susceptible and -unsusceptible subpopulations in a chronic neuropathic pain model induced by chronic constrictive injury of the sciatic nerve. RNA-Seq analysis and gain/loss-of-function study revealed that S1P/S1PR1 signaling is a determinant for vulnerability to chronic pain-related memory impairment. Knockdown of the S1PR1 in the dentate gyrus (DG) promoted a susceptible phenotype and led to structural plasticity changes of reduced excitatory synapse formation and abnormal spine morphology as observed in susceptible mice, while overexpression of the S1PR1 and pharmacological administration of S1PR1 agonist in the DG promoted an unsusceptible phenotype and prevented the occurrence of memory impairment, and rescued the morphological abnormality. Finally, the Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and biochemical evidence indicated that downregulation of S1PR1 in susceptible mice may impair DG structural plasticity via interaction with actin cytoskeleton rearrangement-related signaling pathways including Itga2 and its downstream Rac1/Cdc42 signaling and Arp2/3 cascade. These results reveal a novel mechanism and provide a promising preventive and therapeutic molecular target for vulnerability to chronic pain-related memory impairment.
Effective net area of failure in steel plates subjected to tension
Authors: Prado Nestor I. , Carrillo Julián , Retamoso Claudia
Published: December 2024

he current design of plates in tension due to the limit state in tensile rupture according to the requirements outlined in ANSI/AISC 360 (2016) establishes that the effective net area value (Ae), must be the net area value (An), but did not be greater than 0.85 of the gross area (Ag) of the element. The research aim was to evaluate the experimental behavior of the effective net area of failure concerning 0.85Ag of steel plates subjected to tension load conduct to reliable or unsafe design. Thirty-five specimens of A36 steel with different arrangement of holes were tensile tested. Five different plates thicknesses were considered from 3.1 mm (1/8”) up to 9.5 mm (3/8”). The behavior of the effective net area of failure is discussed in term of the slenderness ratio of steel plate, the effective net area of design and analyzed based on current design specifications. The results showed that the effective net area of failure of the undrilled specimens presented a slight tendency to increase with increasing slenderness ratio. In the specimens with two rows of holes and staggered holes this tendency decreased. Whereas for the specimens with one rows of holes the effective net area of failure did not present a clear behavior with respect to slenderness ratio. Moreover, the undrilled specimens of this study developed an effective net area of failure greater than the effective net area of design, satisfying the design specifications. But in the specimens with holes the effective net area of design was greater, generating unreliable designs. In other words, the 0.85Ag value was found adequate for the specimens without holes. Nevertheless, this value was high for the specimens with holes in this experimental research.
Patients’ Perception of Healthcare Givers Services
Authors: Alhassan Mustapha
Published: December 2024

Aim: This study aimed to describe the communication between Ghanaian patients and nurses, midwives, and doctors regarding the core elements of the “Four Habits Model” (4HM). The specific objectives were (1) to describe the communication between Ghanaian patients and nurses, midwives, and doctors regarding the core elements of the “Four Habits Model” (4HM) measured by Four Habits Patients Questionnaire (4HPQ); and (2) to find an effective method to implement descriptions of the communication between patients’ and nurses, midwives, and doctors regarding the core elements of the 4HM.
Methods: This exploratory study had a cross-sectional, multicenter design. Four Hospitals participated in this study. A convenience sample of patients (N = 400) from four hospitals (Tamale Teaching Hospital, Tamale West Hospital, Yendi Hospital, and Salaga Hospital) were included. The researcher trained four research assistants who assisted with administering the questionnaires. All patients had one or several consultations with a nurse, midwife, and/or doctor during their hospital stay. A self-report inventory was administered to patients at discharge from the hospitals using Four Habits Patients Questionnaire (4HPQ) and eight questions on information regarding treatment (8QIRT). Data was collected from January and March 2016. 
Results: Five eigenvalues greater than 1.0. They were 8.31 (component 1), 3.70 (component 2), 1.77 (component 3), 1.23 (component 4), and 1.16 component 5. Therefore, the components were labelled. The means and standard deviations showed that the additional 8QIRT were the least ranked. On the 4HM, Habit IV (invest in the end) was ranked least. The key findings were that the “Four Habits Model was applicable to doctors with some modifications., the advantages and disadvantages of treatment not explained to patients is very important, and that nurses, midwives, and doctors do not provide information on patients’ treatment.
Conclusions: Based on this study, patients will want issues of patients not allowed to express themselves to be addressed by their healthcare providers.
Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases in the Context of Physiotherapy: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Pires Amanda Lobato , Santos Josineth Cristina Baia dos , Pereira Karla Quaresma , Sardinha Macicleia Rodrigues , Quaresma Maria da Conceição da Silva , Brandão Maria Fernanda dos Santos , Lopes Gabriela dos Santos , Sousa Daniele Salgado de , Lima Vitor Hugo Auzier
Published: December 2024

Understanding inflammatory and degenerative diseases is crucial within the scope of Physiotherapy, as this area of health plays a fundamental role in alleviating symptoms and improving the quality of life of affected patients. The main objective of this systematic review is to investigate physiotherapeutic interventions used in the treatment of inflammatory and degenerative diseases, focusing on arthritis, osteoarthrosis, arthroplasties, degenerative disc disease, disc herniation, spondylosis, osteo-metabolic diseases (osteoporosis, osteomalacia, scurvy, rickets) and its main treatment protocols. The research was carried out in the following databases: LILACS; BDEnf and MEDLINE, using MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms and keywords related to topics of interest, such as: “Degenerative diseases”; “inflammatory diseases” and “physiotherapy”. The search was restricted to studies published in the last 10 years in English and Portuguese. When we added the search descriptors in the selected databases, 227 studies were found. However, after applying the inclusion criteria, 207 studies were discarded. Among them, 62 were published before 2013, 59 were not in the established languages, 2 were incomplete and 87 did not meet the proposed objectives. In this way, we selected 17 relevant articles. Finally, it was concluded that the challenges in applying physiotherapy in these conditions are multifaceted and require an equally complex response. Opportunities for improvement include the adoption of evidence-based practices, technological integration, continuous research, innovative treatments and a personalized and multidisciplinary treatment approach.
Microstructural Evolution and Microhardness Variations in Pure Titanium Processed by High‐Pressure Torsion
Authors: Chen Wanji , Xu Jie , Liu Detong , Bao Jianxing , Sabbaghianrad Shima , Shan Debin , Guo Bin , Langdon Terence G.
Published: March 2020

A grade 2 pure titanium with an initial grain size of ≈50 μm is processed by high‐pressure torsion (HPT) at room temperature under an imposed pressure of 6.0 GPa. The microhardness variations are examined and the results show that the disks are reasonably homogeneous after 10 turns of torsional straining. The microstructural evolution is systematically characterized by optical microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy to provide information on the effect of shear strain on grain size and microstructure. The results demonstrate that the initial coarse structure is gradually refined from the edge to the center of the disk under the shear stress during HPT processing and an ultrafine‐grained pure Ti is achieved with an average grain size of ≈96 nm after 10 turns. A model is developed by considering the formation of subgrain boundaries, twins, and high‐angle grain boundaries for the grain reﬁnement of pure Ti processed by HPT.
Micromechanical Response of Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel Processed by High‐Pressure Torsion
Authors: Mohd Yusuf Shahir , Chen Ying , Yang Shoufeng , Gao Nong
Published: March 2020

For the first time, the plastic deformation behavior of additively manufactured material processed by severe plastic deformation (SPD) is investigated. Herein, high‐pressure torsion (HPT) is applied on 316L stainless steel (316L SS) fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) to produce ultrafine‐grained (UFG) and nanograined (NG) microstructures. Microscopy analysis reveals a final average grain size of ≈42 nm which is achieved upon torsional strain saturation after ten revolutions. In addition, microhardness mapping indicates significant hardness increase with the increasing number of HPT revolutions and saturates at ≈600 HV after ten revolutions. The evolution in plastic deformation mechanism is assessed by calculating the strain rate sensitivity (SRS), m, and activation volume, based on nanoindentation measurements at both constant and multiple strain rates. The estimated m values remain relatively consistent throughout all processing conditions, suggesting that superior strength can be achieved by HPT processing while maintaining reasonably high plasticity levels. Based on the calculated values correlated with microstructure evolution, it is reasonable to infer that the submicron‐ and nanoscale microstructural features play an important role in plastic deformation before HPT processing, whereas plastic deformation for all HPT processing conditions is significantly influenced by grain boundary (GB)‐driven plasticity.
The Effect of a Small Copper Addition on the Electrical Conductivity of Aluminum
Authors: Lapovok Rimma , Berner Alex , Qi Yuanshen , Xu Chunjee , Rabkin Eugen , Beygelzimer Yan
Published: March 2020

Aluminum powder blended with 10, 20, and 30 wt% of copper powder is compacted at 400 °C by four reciprocal extrusion passes. Simultaneous compaction and strengthening result in more than double increase in mechanical strength characteristics for 20 and 30 wt% of copper and a significant increase in electrical conductivity for 30 wt% of copper. This phenomenon is investigated here by the expansion of the “effective media” model for a random binary mixture so that it includes the presence of intermetallic phases and considers the distribution of large copper agglomerates.
Ultralow Temperature Densification of a Titanium Alloy by Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Bustillos Jenniffer , Zhang Cheng , Loganathan Archana , Boesl Benjamin , Agarwal Arvind
Published: March 2020

Full densification of a Ti alloy (Ti6Al4V) is achieved at unprecedented low temperatures of 650 °C and 555 MPa by spark plasma sintering (SPS) without any sintering aid. The alloy demonstrates a globular equiaxed microstructure with comparable mechanical properties as that sintered at conventional high temperatures (950 °C, 60 MPa). In contrast with the diffusion‐driven sintering of the Ti alloy at conventional SPS conditions, the near‐full densification (99%) attained at low‐temperature/high‐pressure regimes is attributed to plastic deformation‐driven mass transport processes. Sintering pressures of 555 MPa result in a dislocation dense microstructure and the activation of compressive twins imparting lattice strains of up to 2.86 × 10−3, suggesting a 25% increase in lattice distortions as compared with those sintered at moderate pressures of 60 MPa. Depth‐sensing nanoscale indentation reveals the globular microstructure of the high‐pressure‐sintered alloy to retain its elastic modulus and hardness of 138 and 4.8 GPa, respectively, with <2% deviation from those sintered at conventional SPS temperatures. This energy‐efficient technique proposes an alternative to thermally exhaustive routines and presents an advantage for engineering titanium‐matrix composites with nanofillers and controlled reaction products by reducing processing temperatures by up to 300 °C.
Silk Fibroin Based Magnetic Nanocomposites for Actuator Applications
Authors: Reizabal Ander , Costa Carlos M. , Pereira Nelson , Pérez-Álvarez Leyre , Vilas-Vilela Jose-Luis , Lanceros-Méndez Senentxu
Published: March 2020

The need for technologies based environmentally friendlier materials, able to minimize the global dependence on fossil fuel derivatives, promotes the development of new hybrid materials based on natural polymers, such as silk derivatives. This work reports on a new generation of magnetically active materials based on silk fibroin (SF) from Bombyx mori silkworm. Magnetic cobalt ferrite (CFO) nanoparticles are introduced in an SF polymer matrix to develop CFO/SF nanocomposites with filler contents of up to 20 wt%. It is shown that the inclusion of CFO nanoparticles affects the β‐sheet conformation of SF polymer having relevant effect on mechanical and thermal properties. The incorporation of conductive nanoparticles into nonconductive matrix, induces an increase in electric conductivity and also in dielectric constant. The primitive magnetic behavior of CFO nanoparticles is successfully maintained after their incorporation into SF, which has made possible the processing of magnetic SF. These results enable the design and fabrication of a fully functional magnetic actuator based on SF, proving the suitable natural polymer‐based magnetic materials for a new generation of environmental‐friendlier smart and multifunctional materials.
Fabrication of Paper‐Derived Ti3SiC2‐Based Materials by Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Kashkarov Egor B. , Syrtanov Maxim S. , Sedanova Elizaveta P. , Ivashutenko Alexander S. , Lider Andrey M. , Travitzky Nahum
Published: March 2020

Novel paper‐derived Ti3SiC2‐based ceramics are fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS). A Ti3SiC2‐loaded preceramic article is used as feedstock. The sintering temperature and pressure are 1100–1200 °C and 20–50 MPa, respectively. The influence of sintering parameters on phase composition and microstructure is analyzed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. In addition, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy is conducted to analyze the distribution of elements and the phase arrangement depending on the sintering temperature. XRD analysis of the composites sintered at 1100 and 1200 °C shows the presence of Ti3SiC2, TiC, and TiSi2 phases while the content of Ti3SiC2 phase decreases with increasing temperature. It is shown that an increase in both temperature and pressure lead to higher densification of the composites. Elongated pores are observed in the composites, which are formed as a result of cellulose fiber decomposition during the sintering process. The maximal value of the flexural strength of 300 MPa is measured for the composite with the highest density. The influence of SPS parameters on the formation of phase composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the paper‐derived Ti3SiC2‐based ceramics is discussed.
Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes: Pushing Toward the Limits and Beyond
Authors: Song Jinouk , Lee Hyeonwoo , Jeong Eun Gyo , Choi Kyung Cheol , Yoo Seunghyup
Published: March 2020

Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are established as a mainstream light source for display applications and can now be found in a plethora of consumer electronic devices used daily. This success can be attributed to the rich luminescent properties of organic materials, but efficiency enhancement made over the last few decades has also played a significant role in making OLEDs a practically viable technology. This report summarizes the efforts made so far to improve the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of OLEDs and discusses what should further be done to push toward the ultimate efficiency that can be offered by OLEDs. The study indicates that EQE close to 58% and 80% can be within reach without and with additional light extraction structures, respectively, with an optimal combination of cavity engineering, low‐index transport layers, and horizontal dipole orientation. In addition, recent endeavors to identify possible applications of OLEDs beyond displays are presented with emphasis on their potential in wearable healthcare, such as OLED‐based pulse oximetry as well as phototherapeutic applications based on body‐attachable flexible OLED patches. OLEDs with fabric‐like form factors and washable encapsulation strategies are also introduced as technologies essential to the success of OLED‐based wearable electronics.
Fluoro‐Photoacoustic Polymeric Renal Reporter for Real‐Time Dual Imaging of Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Cheng Penghui , Chen Wan , Li Shenhua , He Shasha , Miao Qingqing , Pu Kanyi
Published: March 2020

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging agents detect disease tissues and biomarkers with increased penetration depth and enhanced spatial resolution relative to traditional optical imaging, and thus hold great promise for clinical applications. However, existing PA imaging agents often encounter the issues of slow body excretion and low‐signal specificity, which compromise their capability for in vivo detection. Herein, a fluoro‐photoacoustic polymeric renal reporter (FPRR) is synthesized for real‐time imaging of drug‐induced acute kidney injury (AKI). FPRR simultaneously turns on both near‐infrared fluorescence (NIRF) and PA signals in response to an AKI biomarker (γ‐glutamyl transferase) with high sensitivity and specificity. In association with its high renal clearance efficiency (78% at 24 h post‐injection), FPRR can detect cisplatin‐induced AKI at 24 h post‐drug treatment through both real‐time imaging and optical urinalysis, which is 48 h earlier than serum biomarker elevation and histological changes. More importantly, the deep‐tissue penetration capability of PA imaging results in a signal‐to‐background ratio that is 2.3‐fold higher than NIRF imaging. Thus, the study not only demonstrates the first activatable PA probe for real‐time sensitive imaging of kidney function at molecular level, but also highlights the polymeric probe structure with high renal clearance.
Cation−π Interaction Induced Excimer Formation: A New Strategy for High‐Efficiency Organic Solid‐State Luminescence
Authors: Cui Xingyu , Hao Yuxia , Guan Weijiang , Liu Lihong , Shi Wenying , Lu Chao
Published: March 2020

Organic solid‐state luminescence materials have shown great promise in many forefront areas of modern chemistry. However, the well‐developed organic luminescent solids usually provoke a mass of synthetic steps. To better utilize their performances, the development of simple strategies for host materials is a goal of general concern. Herein, a series of highly efficient solid‐state luminescence materials are attained with aid of one‐step acidification of commercially available molecules. The mechanism demonstrates that the luminous efficiency of the solid‐state molecules is efficiently improved due to the synergy from the emergence of cation–π interaction and the formation of excimer. The cation–π interaction replaces π–π packing, leading to the formation of dimers with higher rigidity in solid state accompanied by red‐shifted emissions. Therefore, this one‐step acidification design concept will light the great passion of scientists for the fabrication of cation−π‐triggered analogous organic solid‐state luminescence materials with different colors by changing the substituents on benzene moieties.
A Novel Biomimetic Magnetosensor Based on Magneto‐Optically Involved Conformational Variation of MagR/Cry4 Complex
Authors: Xue Le , Hu Tao , Guo Zhen , Yang Celi , Wang Zhuoqing , Qin Siying , Yang Peilin , Xie Can , Xu Jian , Li Nuan , Shen Yanfei , Jiang Hui , Deng Dawei , Gu Ning , Sun Jianfei
Published: March 2020

During billions of years of evolution, some species develop fantastic magneto‐perception, offering a biomimetic route to develop the next generation of magneto‐sensors. Recently, a novel principle was proposed to explain the navigation of pigeons in the presence of geomagnetic fields and sunlight. The key link is thought to lie in the magneto‐optically involved conformational variation of magnetoreceptor protein (MagR)/cryptochrome (Cry4) complex. The MagR/Cry4 complex is fabricated and purified in vitro, creating a magneto‐sensing device by immobilization of this protein on a graphene‐modified electrochemical electrode. By using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, magneto‐sensing with a current detectability of 10 mT is realized with MagR/Cry4 complex. It is proved that this process requires the involvement of both magnetic fields and light, partly confirming in vitro the magneto‐perceptive mechanism of MagR/Cry4 complex. It is also shows that this device can be used to reflect the anisotropic responses of nanomaterials to the external magnetic field. It is believed this protein‐based magneto‐sensing will greatly boost development of bioelectronics and deepen understanding of the phenomena of magneto‐perception for organisms.
Piezo/Tribotronics Toward Smart Flexible Sensors
Authors: Yu Jinran , Yang Xixi , Sun Qijun
Published: March 2020

Smart, flexible, and self‐powered sensory systems represent the developmental trend of information technology beyond Moore's law with versatility and diversity toward artificial intelligence. Piezo/tribotronics offer a direct linkage/triggering of the electrical output sensing signals with external mechanical actions in an active way, which is highly promising in smart and flexible sensors, intelligent human–machine interaction, and self‐powered systems. Starting with the origin of piezo/triboelectric nanogenerators (PENGs/TENGs), herein, a review on the piezotronic devices based on 1D nanowires, 2D materials, 1D/2D mixed dimensional structures, PENG/TENG‐gated three‐terminal devices, and their applications in various multifunctional sensors is covered. In addition, a discussion is provided around how to improve the effectiveness in utilizing the piezo/triboelectric potential and fabricate smarter and more sophisticated electronic devices. Finally, future research concerns on piezo/triboelectric potential applications are summarized. There remains a massive space for the further development of piezotronics/tribotronics, which will be a multidisciplinary subject closely associated with soft electronics, neuromorphic devices, artificial intelligence, self‐powered systems, and even ocean/space technologies.
Identifying new lineages in the Y chromosome of Colombian Amazon indigenous populations
Authors: Rivera Franco Nelson , Braga Yamid , Espitia Fajardo Marisol , Barreto Guillermo
Published: March 2020

Objectives

The Y chromosome has highly informative markers, such as single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), that are useful for making historical inferences about the settlement of the Americas. However, the scarcity of these markers has limited their use. This study aims to identify new SNPs and increase the phylogenetic resolution of haplogroup Q for the Americas, mainly focusing on the lineages of the Amazon region.

Materials and Methods

Next‐generation sequencing was performed on two Y chromosomes belonging to haplogroup Q‐M3 using samples with divergent short tandem repeat haplotypes from the Colombian Amazon, and 14 of the new variants identified were selected for characterization in 207 samples of indigenous Colombians belonging to haplogroup Q‐M3.

Results

This methodology allowed us to establish nine new lineages within Q‐M3, including its paragroups. The most basal lineages were predominant in communities of Andean origin, such as the Embera‐Katio, the Nasas, and the Pastos. In contrast, the most distal lineages were restricted to inhabitants of the Amazon region of Vaupés.

Discussion

The SNPs reported here advance the development of subhaplogroups of Q‐M3 with a higher level of phylogenetic resolution than has been previously reported, which allowed the differentiation between populations that inhabit two regions of Vaupes area: the Pirá‐Paraná region and the upper and middle sections of the Vaupés River, and the region encompassing the Papurí River and the lower Vaupés. They are very useful for the microevolutionary analysis of the Amerindian populations of Colombia and of the Americas.
Harnessing Endogenous Formate for Antibacterial Prodrug Activation by in cellulo Ruthenium‐Mediated Transfer Hydrogenation Reaction
Authors: Weng Cheng , Shen Linghui , Ang Wee Han
Published: March 2020

The abundance and evolving pathogenic behavior of bacterial microorganisms give rise to antibiotic tolerance and resistance which pose a danger to global public health. New therapeutic strategies are needed to keep pace with this growing threat. We propose a novel approach for targeting bacteria by harnessing formate, a cell metabolite found only in particular bacterial species, to activate an antibacterial prodrug and selectively inhibit their growth. This strategy is premised on transfer hydrogenation reaction on a biorthogonal substrate utilizing native formate as the hydride source as a means of uncaging an antibacterial prodrug. Using coordination‐directed 3‐component assembly to prepare a library of 768 unique Ru–Arene Schiff‐base complexes, we identified several candidates that efficiently reduced sulfonyl azide functional group in the presence of formate. This strategy paves the way for a new approach of targeted antibacterial therapy by exploiting unique bacterial metabolites.
Enhancing the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Activity of Platinum Electrodes in Alkaline Media Using Nickel–Iron Clusters
Authors: Xue Song , Haid Richard W. , Kluge Regina M. , Ding Xing , Garlyyev Batyr , Fichtner Johannes , Watzele Sebastian , Hou Shujin , Bandarenka Aliaksandr S.
Published: March 2020

Herein, we demonstrate an easy way to improve the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of Pt electrodes in alkaline media by introducing Ni–Fe clusters. As a result, the overpotential needed to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in H2‐saturated 0.1 m KOH is reduced for the model single‐crystal electrodes down to about 70 mV. To our knowledge, these modified electrodes outperform any other reported electrocatalysts tested under similar conditions. Moreover, the influence of 1) Ni to Fe ratio, 2) cluster coverage, and 3) the nature of the alkali‐metal cations present in the electrolyte on the HER activity has been investigated. The observed catalytic performance likely originates from both the improved water dissociation at the Ni–Fe clusters and the subsequent optimal hydrogen adsorption and recombination at Pt atoms present at the Ni–Fe/Pt boundary.
Using Social Media to Change the Narrative Around Chronic Illness
Authors: Johnson David J. , Levings‐Gregory Makayla , Pickens Jaclyn Cravens , Andrews Lauren
Published: March 2020

Chronic illness is a prevalent issue for many individuals. Various theoretical approaches have been employed in the psychotherapeutic treatment of chronic illness and the effects it has on the individual with the illness. These approaches frequently overlook the strengths of the person living with the illness as well as fail to address aspects of modern life such as social media use of the client and the influence it holds for those living with a chronic illness. This paper proposes the application of narrative therapy and social media use as a narrative therapeutic technique when treating those who suffer from chronic illness. A clinical vignette is used to illustrate possible applications of therapeutic techniques in conjunction with therapist‐directed social media use. Implications for clinical practice and limitations are discussed.
Mediating ‘School Direct’: The enactment of a reform policy by university‐based teacher educators in England
Authors: Ellis Viv , Spendlove David
Published: March 2020

The period 2010 to 2014 is widely acknowledged as a time of highly significant education reform in England, including of Initial Teacher Education (ITE). The Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition government introduced a programme of ‘school‐led’ education policies, of which ‘School Direct’ was intended to shift the balance of power, resources and modes of training teachers away from universities towards schools. Through an analysis of interviews with leaders of ITE in universities in two English regions, we examine the mediations of the School Direct policy from a socio‐cognitive and activity‐theoretical perspective. We identify three emotional frames for perceiving School Direct within the policy environment, drawing on the Vygotskian concept of perezhivanie. We also identify two policy enactment activities that involved bargaining within and rebrokering relationships between universities and schools. Consequently, we argue that the mediations of School Direct reported by the university leaders in our sample can be understood as limited appropriations of the policy within a highly charged emotional context where institutional risks were felt to be ever‐present. We conclude that these leaders did not believe that School Direct achieved a transformation of ITE on the basis of a reconceptualisation of existing practices. The article contributes both to the scant research literature on School Direct as a significant reform by studying university leaders’ accounts of policy mediation and the socio‐cognitively informed literature on policy enactment by foregrounding the emotional‐affective dimension of sense‐making.
Überwachung und Modellierung der Tragstruktur von Windenergieanlagen
Authors: Botz Max , Emiroglu Altug , Osterminski Kai , Raith Manuel , Wüchner Roland , Große Christian
Published: March 2020

Grundlage für die Erstellung eines Digitalen Zwillings ist ein geeignetes Modell mit einer engen Verbindung zur Realität in Form von Messdaten. In diesem Beitrag wird erläutert, wie Modell und Messdaten der Tragstruktur einer Windenergieanlage gewonnen werden können. Das Vorgehen wird an einer realen Anlage mit Beton/Stahl‐Hybridturm umgesetzt. Das Monitoring umfasst die Überwachung von Schwingungen, Dehnungen und Temperatur sowie eine Ermittlung des dynamischen E‐Moduls im Betonteil durch Schallgeschwindigkeitsmessungen. Als Modell wurde ein Finite‐Elemente‐Modell mit Schalenelementen gewählt, welches Versteifungseffekte aus statischen Lasten berücksichtigt. Ein Abgleich zwischen Modell und Realität ist die wichtigste Voraussetzung für die Verwendung eines Digitalen Zwillings: Daher wird eine mehrstufige Modellvalidierung anhand modaler Parameter und lokaler Materialspannungen durchgeführt. Der Digitale Zwilling bietet verschiedene Nutzungsszenarien; hier wird eines exemplarisch durchgeführt, die Ermüdungsberechnung und Restlebensdauerabschätzung. Dafür werden Materialspannungen an hoch belasteten Positionen anhand von Messdaten und Modell ermittelt. Das Ergebnis sind aktuell noch unrealistisch hohe Lebensdauern für den Betonteil. Die Ergebnisse basieren auf relativ kurzen (1 Stunde, 24 Stunden) Spannungszeitreihen. Dies könnte eine Ursache für die hohen Werte sein. Es könnte auch ein Hinweis darauf sein, dass Materialermüdung einen für den Betonteil unkritischen Lastfall darstellt.
High‐performance Microbial Fuel Cell Using Metal Ion Complexes as Electron Acceptors
Authors: Xie Guorong , Choi Chansoo
Published: March 2020

Metal complex‐microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have been investigated in this work with intent manufacturing highly efficient MFC batteries. The performance of metal complex MFCs was evaluated by polarization and discharge experiments using a battery consisting of three MFC unit cells. The results indicated that the performance of the [Fe(III)(4,4′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridyl)3]‐MFC was much better than the other MFC containing Cr(VI) or Fe(III) as an electron acceptor. At a discharging current of 3 mA (17.6 A/m3), the average discharging potential was found to be 0.927 V under a parallel‐connection, sustaining longer than 20 h with an open circuit voltage of 1.210 V. [Fe(III)(4,4′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridyl)3]‐MFC showed much higher electrochemical parameters than Cr(VI)‐MFC and Fe(III)‐MFC. Highest maximum power of 34.87 Wm−3 could be obtained from the battery consisting of three MFCs in parallel‐connection, when each cell contains a carbon brush anode and a graphite plate. MFC battery containing a carbon brush anode and a carbon brush cathode showed better polarization and discharging performance. In particular, the maximum power of 45.45 Wm−3 was achieved. By installing the maximum amount of carbon brush anode and adjusting the amount of carbon brush cathode and the electron acceptors, the magnitude of current and the maximum power can be maximized.
ADAMTSL6β promotes fibrillin‐1 microfibril assembly, which is possibly mediated via binding through the third thrombospondin type I domain to fibrillin‐1
Authors: Orimoto Ai , Fukuda Tomokazu
Published: March 2020

Fibrillin‐1 is the major component of extracellular matrix microfibrils. Microfibrils dysfunction is responsible for the onset of various connective tissue diseases, including Marfan syndrome. Although ADAMTSL (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs‐like) 6β is one of the fibrillin‐1 binding proteins, the detailed mechanism underlying the involvement of ADAMTSL6β in microfibril formation remains unclear. In this study, we created deletion mutants of ADAMTSL6β and examined their interactions with fibrillin‐1 assembly. Pull‐down assay of the ADAMTSL6β deletion mutants and fibrillin‐1 protein revealed that ADAMTSL6β binds to fibrillin‐1 through the third thrombospondin type I domain. Furthermore, we observed that formation of fibrillin‐1 matrix assembly was enhanced in MG63 cells, expressing full‐length ADAMTSL6β, when compared with that of wild type MG63 cells. While MG63 cells expressing Δ TSP3‐ADAMTSL6β form showed enhanced assembly formation, Δ TSP2‐ADAMTSL6β form did not enhance that, indicating the difference between Δ TSP2‐Δ TSP3 has a critical role for fibrillin‐1 assembly. As the difference of Δ TSP2‐Δ TSP3 is the third thrombospondin type I domain, we concluded that the third thrombospondin type I domain of ADAMTSL6β influence the microfibril formation. Our data are the functional presentation of the biological role of ADAMTSL6β in the process of microfibril formation.
The prognostic value of initial serum lactate for survival in postcardiac arrest patients undergoing cardiac catheterization
Authors: Rosenberg Russell D. , Guo Chen‐Yu C. , Chatterjee Saurav , Schreyer Kraftin E. , Bashir Riyaz , O'Murchu Brian , Aggarwal Vikas , DeAngelis Michael , Edmundowicz Daniel , O'Neill Brian P.
Published: March 2020

Objectives

We sought to investigate the prognostic value of serum lactate on survival in patients postcardiac arrest.

Background

Patients who experience cardiac arrest, in‐ or out‐of‐hospital, may have a poor outcome. Initial electrocardiograms may suggest ischemia as an underlying cause and urgent referral for catheterization occurs. It remains unclear which of these patients may suffer a poor outcome.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed all patients at our institution taken for urgent catheterization after cardiac arrest between January 2014 and September 2018. Three hundred and eighty four patients were referred urgently to the cath lab during this period, 50 with prior arrest.

Results

Sixty six percent underwent coronary intervention. The mean age of the entire cohort was 57 years. Thirty four percent were female, 40% had a history of coronary artery disease, and 94% were intubated at the time of cardiac catheterization. Overall survival to discharge was 40%. Survival in patients who underwent coronary intervention compared with those who did not was similar (45.5 vs. 29.4%, p = .27). Mean lactate level in survivors versus nonsurvivors was 4.7 ± 3.8 and 9.8 ± 4.7 mmol/L, respectively (p < .05). When divided into tertiles by serum lactate (< 4.5, 4.5–9, 9 mmol/L), survival to discharge was 75, 29.4, and 17.6%, respectively (p < .05). Initial serum lactate and age were independent predictors of in‐hospital mortality.

Conclusions

In patients undergoing cardiac catheterization following cardiac arrest, routine measurement of serum lactate is a useful and available laboratory test that may help identify patients at risk for a poor outcome.
A Single‐Crystalline Hierarchical Zeolite via an Oriented Co‐Growth of Nanocrystals Based on Synergy of Polyelectrolytes and Hetero‐Atoms
Authors: Shao Yuanchao , Wang Yichen , Liu Xuefei , Li Tianduo , Haydel Philip Ryan , Tatsumi Takashi , Wang Jingui
Published: March 2020

Hierarchical zeolites have attracted great attention due to the integration of mesopores and/or macropores into the microporous crystalline framework, which decreases the steric and diffusional limitations in the small‐size micropores of zeolites. Among them, single‐crystalline hierarchical zeolites are much desirable due to fewer crystalline defects, higher mechanical stability, and less blocking of the uniform direction of microporous channels, which show high catalytic performance in conventional industrially‐important small‐molecule reactions, and heavy‐oil catalytic cracking, biomass catalytic conversion, polymer degradation, etc. Here, a novel one‐pot kinetics‐dominated strategy was developed to synthesize titanium‐containing single‐crystalline hierarchical zeolites via synergy of polyelectrolytes and framework hetero‐atoms by means of concentrating the starting precursor, restriction of the Oswald ripening to protect nano‐crystals, as well as oriented attachment between nano‐crystals. The resultant zeolite displayed a much higher catalytic performance in olefin epoxidation and cyclohexanone ammoximation than those of conventional pure‐microporous zeolites.