FEATURES OF THE PREVENTION OF CARIES OF TEMPORARY TEETH IN CHILDREN IN THE MOUNTAIN REGIONS OF THE TRANSCARPATHIAN REGION
Authors: Shetelya V.V. 
Published: September 2022

The aim of the study. Rationale for early prevention of caries of temporary teeth in children who have been living in the mountainous regions of Zakarpattia region for a long time.

High indicators of the expansion and intensity of the caries process among children are associated with polyetiological caries, among which the leading place is occupied by the endemicity of the territory of residence, which in its course affects the changes in the morphological characteristics of the population and the metric parameters of the dentin and pulp of the temporary teeth of children who live permanently in the mountainous zone of the Transcarpathian region, which was confirmed by the conducted research.

The mineral composition of the human body is a constant, especially in childhood, which directly depends on the intake of microand macroelements with food and drinking water. At the same time, the role of microand macroelements plays an important role for the full functioning of all organs and systems.

The stability of the body's chemical composition is one of the most important and mandatory conditions for its normal functioning. Deviations of indicators of chemical elements from the norm, caused by environmental, professional, climate-geographical factors or diseases, lead to a wide range of violations of the health of the body. For example, out of 92 chemical elements found in nature, 81 are found in the human body.

It is important to remember that today iodine deficiency diseases are an important medical and social problem, which is connected with biogeochemical indicators peculiar to the territory of Ukraine. And with diseases of the thyroid gland, all types of metabolism are disturbed, as a result of which metabolic changes are observed in the tissues of the teeth.

It is generally accepted that the insufficient intake of fluorine and iodine in the human body leads to an imbalance in the processes of deand remineralization of enamel, and accordingly, reduces the level of caries resistance of tooth enamel, which leads to the destruction of the crystal lattice of enamel and the appearance of defects in the hard tissues of teeth.

Based on this, such elements as fluorine and iodine play an important role in the formation of dental status, since iodine is involved in the synthesis of a number of hormones, which, in turn, determine the quality of the metabolism of a number of vitamins, affects the speed of biochemical reactions. And fluorine is the most important active substance in the prevention of caries and remineralization of enamel, the mechanism of action of which is that when it interacts with the mineral components of bone tissue and teeth, difficult-to-dissolve compounds are formed.

It is worth remembering that fluorine also contributes to the precipitation of calcium phosphate from saliva, which determines the processes of remineralization during the initial carious process. The fact that it affects the enzymatic systems of dental plaque and saliva bacteria also plays a role in the mechanism of the anti-caries effect of fluoride.

Caries prevention in such regions is, first of all, based on ensuring individual oral hygiene, rational nutrition with daily requirements of the necessary microand macroelements to maintain the mineralization of teeth, as well as implementation of remineralization therapy and deep fluoridation in order to enrich hydroxyapatites with fluorine and calcium molecules to suppress the progression of demineralization processes in the hard tissues of the teeth.