bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applying the C-Factor of the RUSLE Model to Improve the Prediction of Suspended Sediment Concentration Using Smart Data-Driven Models
Authors: Asadi Haniyeh , Dastorani Mohammad T. , Khosravi Khabat , Sidle Roy C.
Published: September 2022

The accurate forecasts and estimations of the amount of sediment transported by rivers are critical concerns in water resource management and soil and water conservation. The identification of appropriate and applicable models or improvements in existing approaches is needed to accurately estimate the suspended sediment concentration (SSC). In recent decades, the utilization of intelligent models has substantially improved SSC estimation. The identification of beneficial and proper input parameters can greatly improve the performance of these smart models. In this regard, we assessed the C-factor of the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) as a new input along with hydrological variables for modeling SSC. Four data-driven models (feed-forward neural network (FFNN); support vector regression (SVR); adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS); and radial basis function (RBF)) were applied in the Boostan Dam Watershed, Iran. The cross-correlation function (CCF) and partial autocorrelation function (PAFC) approaches were applied to determine the effective lag times of the flow rate and suspended sediment, respectively. Additionally, several input scenarios were constructed, and finally, the best input combination and model were identified through trial and error and standard statistics (coefficient of determination (R2); root mean square error (RMSE); mean absolute error (MAE); and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NS)). Our findings revealed that using the C-factor can considerably improve model efficiency. The best input scenario in which the C-factor was combined with hydrological data improved the NS by 16.4%, 21.4%, 0.17.5%, and 23.2% for SVR, ANFIS, FFNN, and RBF models, respectively, compared with the models using only hydrological inputs. Additionally, a comparison among the different models showed that the SVR model had about 4.1%, 13.7%, and 23.3% (based on the NS metric) higher accuracy than ANFIS, FFNN, and RBF for SSC estimation, respectively. Thus, the SVR model using hydrological data along with the C-factor can be a cost-effective and promising tool in SSC prediction at the watershed scale.
Alteration of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction Pathways in the Intertidal Sediment during Macroalgae Blooms
Authors: Senga Yukiko , Sato Tsubasa , Shibaki Kanae , Kuroiwa Megumi , Nohara Seiichi , Suwa Yuichi
Published: September 2022

To elucidate the effect of macroalgae blooms on dissimilatory nitrate reduction pathways (denitrification, anammox, and DNRA) in sediments of the hypereutrophic Yatsu tidal flat, eastern Japan, sediment denitrification, anammox, and DNRA rates were measured using a 15N tracer technique at two sites affected and unaffected by macroalgae (Ulva) blooms and in incubation experiments with and without Ulva. Anammox was insignificant at both sites and in both experiments. The denitrification rate was consistently higher than the DNRA rate, and its contributions to the total dissimilatory nitrate reduction were 82% and 85% at sites affected and unaffected by Ulva, respectively. In a sediment incubation experiment with Ulva, the contribution of DNRA had increased to approximately 30% on day 7, which is when the sulfide concentration was the highest. Sulfide produced by sulfate reduction during macroalgae blooms inhibited denitrification and did not change the DNRA, and consequently increased the DNRA contribution. On day 21, after reaching the peak sulfide concentration during the late macroalgae collapse, the DNRA contribution decreased to 15%. These results indicated that the DNRA contribution was greater during the macroalgae blooms than at the collapse, although denitrification dominated DNRA regardless of the macroalgal status. Therefore, vigorous macroalgae cover and sulfide production under the macroalgae cover had an important impact on the nitrogen dynamics.
Drought Severity and Frequency Analysis Aided by Spectral and Meteorological Indices in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Authors: Gaznayee Heman Abdulkhaleq A. , Al-Quraishi Ayad M. Fadhil , Mahdi Karrar , Messina Joseph P. , Zaki Sara H. , Razvanchy Hawar Abdulrzaq S. , Hakzi Kawa , Huebner Lorenz , Ababakr Snoor H. , Riksen Michel , Ritsema Coen
Published: September 2022

In the past two decades, severe drought has been a recurrent problem in Iraq due in part to climate change. Additionally, the catastrophic drop in the discharge of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and their tributaries has aggravated the drought situation in Iraq, which was formerly one of the most water-rich nations in the Middle East. The Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) also has catastrophic drought conditions. This study analyzed a Landsat time-series dataset from 1998 to 2021 to determine the drought severity status in the KRI. The Modified Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (MSAVI2) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) were used as spectral-based drought indices to evaluate the severity of the drought and study the changes in vegetative cover, water bodies, and precipitation. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Spatial Coefficient of Variation (CV) were used as meteorologically based drought indices. According to this study, the study area had precipitation deficits and severe droughts in 2000, 2008, 2012, and 2021. The MSAVI2 results indicated that the vegetative cover decreased by 36.4%, 39.8%, and 46.3% in 2000, 2008, and 2012, respectively. The SPI’s results indicated that the KRI experienced droughts in 1999, 2000, 2008, 2009, 2012, and 2021, while the southeastern part of the KRI was most affected by drought in 2008. In 2012, the KRI’s western and southern parts were also considerably affected by drought. Furthermore, Lake Dukan (LD), which lost 63.9% of its surface area in 1999, experienced the most remarkable shrinkage among water bodies. Analysis of the geographic distribution of the CV of annual precipitation indicated that the northeastern parts, which get much more precipitation, had less spatial rainfall variability and more uniform distribution throughout the year than other areas. Moreover, the southwest parts exhibited a higher fluctuation in annual spatial variation. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between MSAVI2, SPI, NDWI, and agricultural yield-based vegetation cover. The results also revealed that low precipitation rates are always associated with declining crop yields and LD shrinkage. These findings may be concluded to provide policymakers in the KRI with a scientific foundation for agricultural preservation and drought mitigation.
ENSO Signals Recorded by Ash Tree Rings in Iberian Riparian Forests
Authors: Camarero Jesús Julio
Published: September 2022

Climate–atmospheric patterns affect ecological processes. The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) represents the strongest global source of climate variability at annual scales, but its impacts on Mediterranean forests are still understudied. Here, ENSO signals recorded by river flow and radial growth series of Mediterranean riparian forests are uncovered in the middle Ebro basin, northeastern Spain. A chronology or mean series of tree ring widths (period 1970–2018, 27 trees) was built for narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia). Growth indices increased as the river flow did during the prior winter and from May to September. Ash growth indices and river flow of the hydrological year were positively related (r = 0.54, p < 0.001), suggesting that a higher soil moisture enhances growth. This correlation remained significant after taking out the influence of precipitation. Ash growth indices (r = −0.46, p = 0.001) and river flow during the hydrological year (r = −0.30, p = 0.03) were negatively associated with the January Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). These relationships suggest that high SOI values corresponding to La Niña events lead to reduced river flow, thus decreasing ash radial growth. Further approaches could be used to better understand how the ENSO impacts drought-prone riparian forests subjected to increasing aridity.
Discharge Estimation over Piano Key Weirs: A Review of Recent Developments
Authors: Bhukya Raj Kumar , Pandey Manish , Valyrakis Manousos , Michalis Panagiotis
Published: September 2022

The piano key (PK) weir has advanced over the labyrinth weir to increase the discharge capacity. Piano key weirs exhibit nonlinear flow behavior and are easy to place on the existing spillway or newly constructed dam with less base area. Various investigators are given equations to calculate the discharge coefficient for free and submerged flow conditions. The study focuses on reviewing the impacts of the PK weir geometry on the weir flow discharge coefficient, including weir length and height, upstream and downstream key widths, and apex overhangs. In this study, all possible aspects of PK weirs were briefly reviewed. From sensitivity analysis, it is observed that the discharge coefficient of the PK weir is more sensitive for the L/W dimensionless ratio followed by the B/P ratio. L is total length of the weir crest, W is width of the weir, B is total width of PK weir and P is height of the weir. This review paper is intended to serve as an accessible resource for hydraulic structures researchers and hydraulic engineering professionals alike interested in the hydraulics of PK weirs.
What Inspiring Elements from Natural Services of Water Quality Regulation Could Be Applied to Water Management?
Authors: Gerino Magali , Orange Didier , Sánchez-Pérez José Miguel , Buffan-Dubau Evelyne , Canovas Sophie , Monfort Bertrand , Albasi Claire , Sauvage Sabine
Published: September 2022

Theoretical and functional ecology is a source of useful knowledge for ecological engineering. The better understanding of the natural service of water quality regulation is now inspiring for optimization of water resource management, restoration and bioremediation practices. This transfer with a biomimicry approach applies particularly well in the urban, rural and agricultural areas, but is yet underexplored for water quality purposes. This natural service intensely involves the benthic boundary layer as a biogeochemical hot spot with living communities. A selection of processes related to the bioturbation phenomena is explored because of their influence on properties of the aquatic environment. The applications are valuable in a range of fields, from water treatment technology to management of ecosystems such as constructed and natural wetlands, streams, rivers, lagoons and coastal ecosystems. This paper gathers the more obvious cases of potential applications of bioturbation research findings on the biomimicry of natural services to water practices. These include pollution pumping by bioturbated sediment, water column oxygen saving during early diagenesis of deposits under conveyors transport and conservation of macroporous as well as fine sediment. Some applications for constructed devices are also emerging, including infiltration optimization and sewage reduction based on cross-biological community involvement.
Evaluation of Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Lake Using Remote Sensing Data and GIS
Authors: Salama Asem , ElGabry Mohamed , El-Qady Gad , Moussa Hesham Hussein
Published: September 2022

Ethiopia began constructing the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) in 2011 on the Blue Nile near the borders of Sudan for electricity production. The dam was constructed as a roller-compacted concrete (RCC) gravity-type dam, comprising two power stations, three spillways, and the Saddle Dam. The main dam is expected to be 145 m high and 1780 m long. After filling of the dam, the estimated volume of Nile water to be bounded is about 74 billion m3. The first filling of the dam reservoir started in July 2020. It is crucial to monitor the newly impounded lake and its size for the water security balance for the Nile countries. We used remote sensing techniques and a geographic information system to analyze different satellite images, including multi-looking Sentinel-2, Landsat-9, and Sentinel-1 (SAR), to monitor the changes in the volume of water from 21 July 2020 to 28 August 2022. The volume of Nile water during and after the first, second, and third filling was estimated for the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) Reservoir Lake and compared for future hazards and environmental impacts. The proposed monitoring and early warning system of the Nile Basin lakes is essential to act as a confidence-building measure and provide an opportunity for cooperation between the Nile Basin countries.
An Eco-Study for a Feasible Project: “Torun and Its Vistula Stretch—An Important Green Navigation Spot on a Blue Inland Waterway”
Authors: Manoiu Valentina-Mariana , Craciun Alexandru-Ioan , Kubiak-Wójcicka Katarzyna , Antonescu Marina , Olariu Bogdan
Published: September 2022

This paper aims to present the main trends of an eco-study for a possibly challenging future inland waterway transportation project. The study will prove if Torun and its Vistula stretch represent a viable and profitable spot on this inland waterway, and its outcomes will constitute a sound baseline that can be used for the project itself but also for many scientific, educational and economic purposes. The eco-multilayer research will comprise the following elements: hydrology and biology of the Torunian Vistula (TV) stretch, and water quality; a public opinion survey; the urban functions of the TV segment (social, educational, urban planning, aesthetical, recreational, cultural, utilitarian and economical). The conclusion is that the eco-research and the project will improve Torun City’s image as a Green Urban Space, in terms of respect towards the environment, a sustainable form of transport, and attractive ways of relaxation and spending leisure time by Torun’s population and visitors. The eco-study and the project will contribute to promoting the Torun region by supporting the possibility of watching beautiful landscapes (sightseeing tours) spread along the Vistula River. The project itself will have a positive impact on the Torunian economy and on the lifestyle of Torun’s citizens.
Development Trends and Research Frontiers of Preferential Flow in Soil Based on CiteSpace
Authors: Liu Chao , Yuan Ying , Zhou Aihong , Guo Lefan , Zhang Hongrui , Liu Xuedi
Published: September 2022

Preferential flow is a non-equilibrium flow in unsaturated soil through which water infiltrates deep into the ground quickly. It has been studied in many fields, such as environment, agriculture, and hydrology. However, researchers from different disciplines have a different understanding of preferential flow, and it is difficult to grasp its development trends and research frontiers through qualitative analysis in a single field, while they can be quantitatively and objectively analyzed through bibliometrics with scientific knowledge map tools. This paper collects 3315 research studies on preferential flow in soil from the Web of Science (WoS) core collection database within 30 years, conducts a statistical analysis on keywords, countries, and research institutions of these studies based on CiteSpace, draws visualized scientific knowledge maps, and presents the development trends and research frontiers of preferential flow. Results showed that preferential flow is a multi-scale coexistence phenomenon, and researchers from different disciplines study preferential water flow movement and pollution at different research scales. New techniques and ideas are research hotspots and directions. Moreover, the difference between bibliometrics methods and review methods is analyzed. This paper is presented to provide a referable knowledge structure and new ideas for research in related fields and to help promote cross-integration between disciplines.
Pollution Evaluation of the El Pueblito River in Queretaro, Mexico, Using the Water Quality Index
Authors: Rodriguez-Nuñez Enrique , Hernandez-Mendoza Christian , Perez-Moreno Victor , Cardenas Arely
Published: September 2022

This study evaluated the water pollution of the El Pueblito River by employing physicochemical parameters and biological indicators. Monitoring was conducted weekly during three months at seven sampling sites. To ease the representation of the results of this analysis, the water quality index (WQI) was calculated. The results obtained by the physicochemical analysis show the same trends as those of the analyses performed with bioassays using Daphnia magna and the WQI. The obtained values showed a deterioration of water quality from upstream to downstream due to the discharges into the river that occurred as it went through the city of Corregidora. The WQI values shifted from good water quality (83.00 ± 7.40) upstream to poor water quality (27.00 ± 0.85) downstream. This study also shows the utility of the WQI and how a Daphnia magna toxicity test can be an affordable and fast tool used to indicate high levels of pollution, such as in the case of El Pueblito River.
Two-Step Simulation of Underwater Terrain in River Channel
Authors: Liang Yan , Wang Bo , Sheng Yehua , Liu Changqing
Published: September 2022

When studying river hydrodynamics and water quality evolution laws on the basis of numerical simulation analysis, it is necessary to carry out topographic interpolation along the bend direction of the river on the basis of the measured river section, as this can provide accurate and reliable topographic data for river numerical modeling. In this paper, a two-step terrain simulation method based on sparse and discrete river sections is proposed by comprehensively considering the river trends and the lack of monitoring sections. On the basis of establishing a reference using the river centerline and coding the spatial relationship of the river, the linear weight method, which uses the distance and gradient change between the known sampling elevation section to realize the preliminary encryption of spatial points with any number of longitudinal sections and any horizontal distance, is carried out first. Considering the structural and anisotropic characteristics of the river, the improved inverse distance weighting (IDW) method is further used to locally interpolate the encrypted points to obtain the continuous surface of the river terrain. In order to prove the effectiveness of this method, a part of the Qinhuai River in Nanjing was taken as the research object. The experiment was carried out by setting different spacing distances for preliminary densification and by using different interpolation methods for further local terrain simulation. Root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) are used to evaluate the overall performance of different simulation methods. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper overcomes the obvious inaccuracy of directly using an interpolation algorithm to generate the river terrain due to sparse section data. The river terrain generated by the preliminary densification and improved IDW interpolation calculation method is more reasonable, and continuous and unobstructed, reflecting the original river terrain more accurately.
Local Governance of Groundwater Resources through the Lens of Stakeholders in the Context of State-Led Management in the Lower Mekong Region
Authors: Muenratch Preeyaporn , Nguyen Thi Phuoc Lai
Published: September 2022

Local groundwater governance in the Lower Mekong Region (LMR) is often inadequate and ineffective because of policy incoherence and lack of public participation; thus, groundwater exploitation and pollution have been accelerated in many LMR countries. Through a case study in Khon Kaen, Thailand, this study aims to assess the state of local groundwater governance (GWG) through the stakeholders’ perception by using Water Governance Framework developed by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Although it is useful for the assessment at the national scale, it is still inadequate and has some limitations on the local scale. Hence, the principles were reconsidered and translated to fit the local context. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to explain the state of GWG, while confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the relations between GWG indicators and GWG dimensions. The findings show that clear roles and responsibilities are have the highest performance. However, integrity and transparency are the challenges of GWG. We found that the indicators explained the effectiveness, efficiency, and trust and engagement in the GWG model. Consequently, this study contributes stakeholder involvement in GWG assessment. The findings show to policymakers and policy practitioners the current state of GWG and propose key indicators in groundwater governance assessment at the local context.
Communal Wastewater Treatment Plants’ Effectiveness, Management, and Quality of Groundwater: A Case Study in Indonesia
Authors: Brontowiyono Widodo , Boving Thomas , Asmara Adelia Anju , Rahmawati Suphia , Yulianto Andik , Wantoputri Noviani Ima , Lathifah Annisa Nur , Andriansyah Yuli
Published: September 2022

The Special Region of Yogyakarta is one of the provinces in Indonesia with a large number of communal wastewater treatment plants (CWWTPs). However, less than 40% of CWWTPS in the province are able to be operated well. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of CWWTPs concerning the quality of the surrounding groundwater. The research location was in Mlati, one of three sub-districts with the highest number of CWWTPs and highest population density in the province. Technical data were analyzed in a laboratory, including water quality of CWWTPs and groundwater quality. This study also analyzed non-technical data related to CWWTP management. These data were collected through in-depth interviews with CWWTP managers and users. The data were analyzed systematically, not only quantitatively but qualitatively. The distribution of water quality from CWWTP treatment and groundwater was mapped using inverse distance weighting (IDW). The results show that the CWWTP effluent meets quality standards for pH, temperature, COD, oil and grease, and ammonia. However, some CWWTPs fail to meet the quality standards for the TSS and E. coli parameters. Groundwater has an acidic pH, with ammonia, nitrite, and zinc parameters meeting quality standards, but oil and grease, COD, nitrate, and Pb concentrations exceed quality standards in several wells. This study indicates that the presence of CWWTPs is not correlated with the quality of groundwater due to the inefficiency of the CWWTPs, the unmet coverage area, and the conditions of sanitation facilities at the location.
Water Requirement of Solar Greenhouse Tomatoes with Drip Irrigation under Mulch in the Southwest of the Taklimakan Desert
Authors: Hong Ming , Zhang Zhanyu , Fu Qiuping , Liu Yanping
Published: September 2022

Understanding crop water requirements is important for establishing irrigation schedules, and improving water use efficiency (WUE), crop yield and crop quality. In order to reveal the optimal water requirement of tomatoes in various growth stages, the responses of the water requirement, crop coefficient, fruit yield and quality of tomato to different irrigation levels were studied in a solar greenhouse in Hetian, Southwestern Taklimakan Desert, China from August 2019 to June 2020. The medium irrigation quota (Ia) was calculated in different tomato growth stages based on the root distribution range, suitable soil moisture content of high yield, and the planned wetted percentage of drip irrigation. Five irrigation levels (60%, 80%, 100%, 120% and 140% Ia) were used. The technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) results showed that 120% Ia was the optimal irrigation quota for the yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and fruit quality of tomato. The daily water requirement of 120% Ia were 2.26, 4.28, and 2.35 mm·d−1 in three growth stages in the autumn–winter season, while it was 1.96, 3.99, and 3.80 mm·d−1 in the winter–spring season. The crop coefficients of the three stages in each growth season were 0.49, 1.10, and 0.76, and 0.61, 1.09, and 0.78, respectively. The results could provide guideliens for improving the productivity of protected agriculture in the Southwestern Taklimakan Desert or other similar regions.
Comparative Study on Sediment Delivery from Two Small Catchments within the Lena River, Siberia
Authors: Maltsev Kirill , Ivanov Maxim
Published: September 2022

This paper studies the possibility of using the WaTEM/SEDEM model to assess sediment yield from the catchment area within the Lena River catchment. The study was carried out based on a comparison of predicted data and measured data of the suspended sediment yield at the gauging stations of the state monitoring network of Russia. The study was performed within two areas, with plain and mountainous relief. The first site is located within the catchment area of the river Chara with an area of 4150 km2. The second site rests on the catchment area of the Lena River between the Tabaginskiy and Kangalassky capes near Yakutsk city. The catchment area of this site is 15,740 km2. The values of sediment yield from the “Yakutsk” catchment area are in much better agreement with the values of the measured sediment yield values than in the “Chara” catchment area. The predicted sediment yield from the study area remained almost unchanged from the period 1986–2019 and amounted to 3.5 t/km2, while the suspended sediment yield in the Lena at the Tabaga gauging station slightly increased from 7 to 9.45 t/km2 per year.
How Effective Is Water Technology as a Water Scarcity Remedy for the Economy in China?
Authors: Qiao Na , Yue Ai , Guan Hongyu , Mu Lan , Ding Yuxiu
Published: September 2022

China’s water shortage is severe and has become one of the factors hindering economic growth. It is widely accepted that changes in water technology play a profound role in sustainable development. However, because water technology is embedded in water resources, it is difficult to clarify the effects of water technologies as a means of alleviating water scarcity to achieve sustainable development. The level of water technology can be measured by total-factor water efficiency. This study analyzes panel data from 2002–2018 using the stochastic frontier model and addresses water inputs and water technology by introducing the concept of water productivity into economic growth framework. We found that, with the introduction of water technology, the importance of water resources for economic growth increases; water inputs increase by 1%, and GDP increases by 0.349%. The progress of 1% water technology can drive 0.142% of GDP growth and have great potential as a water scarcity remedy for the economy. Due to lower prices, the substitution rate of water technology to water is six times that of water-to-water technology, which is very detrimental to water technology progress. In the short term, water technology can be policy-driven in water-scarce developing economies, and price-induced in the long term.
Environmental Impact Assessment of Mine Tailings Spill Considering Metallurgical Processes of Gold and Copper Mining: Case Studies in the Andean Countries of Chile and Peru
Authors: Cacciuttolo Carlos , Cano Deyvis
Published: September 2022

The generation of tailings in the world today is immense, since only ounces or pounds of metals are extracted for each ton of ore processed. In 2022, it was estimated that more than 14 billion metric tons of mining tailings were produced per year in the world. Currently, many environmental problems associated with tailings management in both Chile and Peru are related to the potential contamination of soil, water, and air. In this article, the environmental impacts caused by tailings storage facility accidents where spills have occurred are analyzed, describing and characterizing: (i) the magnitude of the impacted area, (ii) identification of the sources, i.e., exposure routes, receptors, and (iii) an interpretive analysis of the physicochemical quality of the spilled material, the soil, the water, and the air with respect to local and international regulations. The case studies analyzed in this article correspond to tailings spills derived from the extraction of precious metals (Au, Ag) and heavy metals (Cu, Pb, and Zn) present in the minerals that dominate Chilean and Peruvian mining. Finally, environmental management measures are proposed aimed at mitigating the environmental impacts caused by the spill and remediation alternatives for the sites impacted.
Statistical Modeling and Optimization of Process Parameters for 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Removal by Using AC/PDMAEMA Hydrogel Adsorbent: Comparison of Different RSM Designs and ANN Training Methods
Authors: Dahlan Irvan , Azhar Emillia Eizleen Md , Hassan Siti Roshayu , Aziz Hamidi Abdul , Hung Yung-Tse
Published: September 2022

In this study, the response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) were employed to study the adsorption process of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) by using modified hydrogel, i.e., activated carbon poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (AC/PDMAEMA hydrogel). The effect of pH, the initial concentration of 2,4-D and the activated carbon content on the removal of 2,4-D and adsorption capacity were investigated through the face-centered composite design (FCCD), optimal design and two-level factorial design. The response surface plot suggested that higher removal of 2,4-D and adsorption capacity could be achieved at the higher initial concentration of 2,4-D and lower pH and activated carbon content. The modeling and optimization for the adsorption process of 2,4-D were also carried out by different design methods of RSM and different training methods of ANN. It was found that among the three design methods of RSM, the optimal design has the highest accuracy for the prediction of 2,4-D removal and adsorption capacity (R2 = 0.9958 and R2 = 0.9998, respectively). The numerical optimization of the optimal design found that the maximum removal of 2,4-D and adsorption capacity of 65.01% and 65.29 mg/g, respectively, were obtained at a pH of 3, initial concentration of 2,4-D of 94.52 mg/L and 2.5 wt% of activated carbon. Apart from the optimization of process parameters, the neural network architecture was also optimized by trial and error with different numbers of hidden neurons in the layers to obtain the best performance of the response. The optimization of the neural network was performed with different training methods. It was found that among the three training methods of the ANN model, the Bayesian Regularization method had the highest R2 and lowest mean square error (MSE) with the optimum network architecture of 3:9:2. The optimum condition obtained from RSM was also simulated with the optimized neural network architecture to validate the responses and adequacy of the RSM model.
Consolidation of Time Series Models for the Prediction of XUTEK Index and Technology Stocks in Istanbul Stock Exchange during Pandemic Period
Authors: KİLİMCİ Zeynep Hilal
Published: September 2022

Due to the closure experienced during the pandemic, many investors divert their investments to different exchanges. In this sense, it has been observed that while sectors such as transportation, banking, and services have seriously lost value, especially the technology sector has come forward and gained value. In this research, we move the study one step forward by proposing a consolidated forecast system instead of employing a model to estimate the price of the Istanbul Stock Exchange Technology Index (XUTEK) which consists of 19 technology companies traded in BIST, and technology stocks. Stock movements during the pandemic period between 01.01.2020 and 01.09.2020, when technology stocks gained considerable value, are investigated to estimate the price of XUTEK. For each technology stock and XUTEK index, five different time series models are modeled namely, Holt’s linear trend, simple exponential smoothing, Holt–Winter’s additive, Holt–Winter’s multiplicative, and ARIMA. After that, five different time series models are consolidated with six diverse consolidation methods, namely, SA, SATA, MB, VB, VBP2 and VBP3 in order to get a more robust stock price prediction model. Experiment results demonstrate that the utilization of the VBP2 consolidation technique presents remarkable results with 2.6903 of MAPE for estimating the price of the XUTEK index and 19 technology stocks.
FORMATION OF A MOTIVATIONAL-VALUE ATTITUDE TO REGULAR PHYSICAL LOADS IN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITES
Authors: Mogunova M. , Derkacheva N.
Published: September 2022

The article discusses the formation of a motivational-value attitude to regular physical activity of students of technical universities in order to attract them to a healthy lifestyle.
PLACEMENT OF POINTS FOR RECORDING TRAFFIC FLOW PARAMETERS, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT MINIMIZING THE IMPACT OF TRAFFIC LIGHT OBJECTS
Authors: Vlasov A. , Kabirov I.
Published: September 2022

The paper considers the influence of the location of traffic control zones on the accuracy of the received data. It is established that when they are located in front of intersections with traffic light regulation, it leads to noise of the received data, strengthening of the stochastic component. When solving the problem of placing zones for accounting for traffic flow parameters, they should, if possible, be placed at the beginning of transport links.
DESIGN OF PARKING SPACE IN MEGACITIES TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE TOPOLOGY OF CITIES
Authors: Spodarev R. , Sidorov B. , Kubryakov E. , Karandeev A.
Published: September 2022

Annotation. The article deals with the problems inherent in large cities and megacities associated with Parking space. Research on optimization of Parking space does not take into account the development and organization of Parking spaces in adjacent, often residential areas. Thus on experience of realization of creation of paid Parking spaces in the large cities, often there is an overflow of cars in the yards of houses that leads not only to growth of discontent of inhabitants, but also increases number of small road accidents, and also increases cases of arrival on pedestrians. Development of methods which allow to take into account the redistribution of the transport Park and ride facilities, rational layout of paid Parking spaces, accounting for traffic pedestrians, facilities for passengers with established topology of the city will allow to develop recommendations on arrangement of Parking spaces in Metropolitan areas, and thus make the city more adapted for large number of vehicles.
TRANSPORT OF HORSES BY ROAD IN INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT
Authors: Zyryanov V. , Mamoyko A. , Samoilik D.
Published: September 2022

Nowadays motor transport is the most convenient and comfortable way to transport horses which sometimes need to be transported from farm to farm, to exhibition etc. Compared to other means of transportation, for example, railroad transportation, such mode of delivery is more advantageous for the owners of these graceful animals. Besides, automobiles for transportation of horses are the fastest ones and can show shorter travel time at any, even rather long distance, which is very important while travelling to any point of the equestrian sports.
ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN METHODS USED IN FOREIGN CALCULATION METHODSTRAFFIC LIGHT CYCLE
Authors: Likhachev D. , Dorokhin Sergey , Artemov A.
Published: September 2022

This article discusses the methods of calculating the traffic light cycle used in foreign methods of calculating the traffic light cycle.
ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING METHODS FOR CALCULATING COORDINATION PROGRAMS FOR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
Authors: Artemov A. , Dorokhin Sergey , Likhachev D.
Published: September 2022

. Forced traffic flow management using automated controls, such as traffic lights, remains relevant and often the only one. Due to the oversaturation of transport traffic, which many cities of the world are facing today, special attention is paid to effective management and the development of new optimal management methods in order to allow vehicles to pass through a regulated section of the road network as much as possible. One of the alternative options that can increase the efficiency of management by up to 20% on average is the introduction of coordinated management. The presented material provides an analysis of various approaches to the calculation of coordination plans.
TRANSPORT AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE URBAN AGGLOMERATION OF VORONEZH
Authors: Shtepa Aleksey
Published: September 2022

Abstract: transport, social and economic issues of the Voronezh urban agglomeration are considered in thesis.
Ontological and Meta–Physical Aspect of Information
Authors: Łapiński Jacek
Published: September 2022

The publication contains analyzes on the understanding of information in terms of quantitative and qualitative, objective and subjective aspects, the way it works and the role played in the process of morphogenesis.

The aim of the publication is an attempt to define the ontological status of information and to indicate possible sources of its origin. The qualitative, not quantitative, aspect of the information is important. Determining what, in its qualitative essence, information is, what a being is, will allow to create the necessary premises to try to confirm or deny the thesis that information is a fundamental and fully real causative and functional factor of morphogenesis, as well as to verify the correctness of the hypothesis about a specific, fundamental, related to the action of God, the source of information origin.
Predictors of the existential dimension of gerotranscendence in women. Intergenerational differences
Authors: Kozerska Agnieszka
Published: September 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this research is 1. to verify if older women (60+) differ from younger women in terms of the level of spiritual/cosmic transcendence. 2. To determine in which circumstances spiritual/cosmic transcendence grows in each of the research groups.

Method: The research was carried out in Poland. Research subjects: 253 women aged between 20 to 89. Hierarchical regression analysis was used in the research taking into account two models. The research sample was divided to two groups: (1.) Younger group - aged between 20 to 49, and (2.) Older group - aged between 60 to 89. In the first stage, for each compared group separately, the model presenting the connection between cosmic gerotranscendence and the set of variables considered in the literature to be gerotranscendence correlates were analysed: Health condition and engagement in life, The feeling of sense in life, Wisdom, Recent experiencing a difficult life situation, The feeling of loneliness. Next, it was verified to what extent religious activity undertaken by women subject to the research related with creating a relationship with God improves parameters of model created in the first stage.

Results: The level of spiritual/cosmic transcendence is higher in older women. In the group of both younger and older women the level of dependent variable increases in persons who actively look for the sense in life and are characterised by a high level of emphatic wisdom. A significant predictor in both compared groups is activity related to the search for God together with other people. In the group of younger women, an additional predictor is also experiencing difficult life situations within the past 6 months.

Conclusion: The obtained models show that in the process of development towards spiritual transcendence relations with other people are essential for women who actively search for the sense in life. It refers in particular to relations with others in the context of religious engagement.
Media use as a predictor of young adult religiosity in the context of their identity styles and parental religiosity
Authors: Kutt Marzena , Lelek-Kratiuk Marzena
Published: September 2022

The article analyzes the relationship of press and Internet use by young adults or, according to Arnett's approach, those entering adulthood, with their level of religiosity. The context for the correlation studied was the identity styles of the subjects and the religiosity of their parents, or rather the subjects' perceived level of this religiosity expressed as a score on the Huber C-15 Scale. Religiosity can be characterized as a multidimensional structure that includes five representative, common, and relatively autonomous dimensions: experiential, ritualistic, ideological, intellectual, and consequential of religiosity. Young adults often represent a synthetic-conventional faith, which is strongly associated with authority figures and community. At this stage, religiosity is not yet fully internalized, so it fluctuates easily. The greatest influence on the level of religiosity seems to be the parents’ religiosity. At the same time, people representing the discussed age group are among the most engaged users of new media, which may also impinge on their faith. Polish studies proved that containing criticism of the Church and exposing its flaws may have a negative impact on the religiosity of the recipients. The study was conducted using a questionnaire prepared by M. Kutt and tools that have an established position in research practice (Berzonky's Identity Styles Questionnaire and the C-15 Huber Scale). There is a correlations between specific identity styles, perceived religiosity of parents, frequency of media use, interest in specific topics and the level of religiosity of the subjects. Some of the formulated hypotheses were not positively verified. Conclusions: The most important variables explaining the level of religiosity of young adults turned out to be mother's religiosity and normative style (positive correlation), as well as diffusion-union style (negative correlation). The negative correlation between the level of religiosity and interest in current information from the press as well as  the Internet seems interesting.
مقترحات إصلاح النظام النقدي الدولي من منظور الاقتصاد الإسلامي
Authors: عبدالله السودي وجدان
Published: September 2022

يهدف البحث إلى بيان مقترحات إصلاح النظام النقدي المطروحة  من بعض الاقتصاديين, ومن ثم تقييم الاقتصاد الإسلامي لمقترحات إصلاح النظام النقدي, وخلصت الدراسة إلى أن النقود اصحبت غاية وليست وسيلة للمبادلة ووحدة حساب وهذا أدى إلى اضطراب النظام النقدي المحلي والدولي, وسيطرة الدولار على النظام النقدي كعملة عالمية أدى إلى الكثير من الأزمات العالمية, وأن جميع المقترحات لإصلاح النظام النقدي تسعى لإيجاد نظام نقدي دولي خالي من الاضطرابات,

الكلمات المفتاحية: النظام النقدي, إصلاح النظام النقدي، البانكور، حقوق السحب الخاصة، سلة ليتر للسلع, الاقتصاد الإسلامي.
ulnerable Consolidation of Democracy in South Korea
Authors: Choi Hongseok
Published: September 2022

This research scrutinizes the process of democratic consolidation in South Korea, focusing on interactions of political actors. This study assumes that if democratization depends on political interactions, the status of the outcomes tends to be fluctuating, and examines the  research hypothesis that democratic transition of South Korea was the outcomes of strategic interactions between political actors, by analyzing the political conjuncture of presidential nomination in 1992 as a crucial moment of democratic transition in South Korea, with a rational choice theory: a game theory model. The results show that strategic interaction of political actors determined the process of transitions, even after the founding election. This research also clarifies that the weakness of the political society and severe regionalism, which are derived from patrimonialism, are the vital elements for fluctuating consolidation in South Korea.

Keywords: Democratization, Democratic Consolidation, Rational Choice Theory
أثر استخدام استراتيجية كرة الثلج على السرعة القرائية لدى طلبة الصف الثالث الأساسي في مديرية قصبة المفرق
Authors: الخزاعلة نور
Published: September 2022

الملخص: هدفت هذه الدّراسة إلى معرفة أثر استخدام استراتيجية كرة الثلج على السرعة القرائية لدى طلبة الصف الثالث الأساسي في قصبة المفرق، وقد استخدمت الباحثة المنهج شبه التجريبي. طُبقت الدراسة على عينة مكونة من (34) طالبا وطالبة من طلبة الصف الثالث الأساسيّ من مدرستين اختيرتا قصديًا، وبلغ حجم المجموعة التجريبية (18) طالبة وطالبة، كما بلغ حجم المجموعة الضابطة (16) طالبًا وطالبة ، أظهرت النتائج وجود أثر لاستخدام استراتيجية كرة الثلج على مهارات القراءة السريعة مجتمعة وعلى المهارات ذاتها بشكل منفرد، وتراوح حجم الأثر (16.3-33.5%).

الكلمات المفتاحية: استراتيجية كرة الثلج، السرعة القرائية، الصف الثالث الأساسي.
نفقة المعتدة دراسة فقهية مقارنة مع قانون الأحوال الشخصية الأردني رقم (36) لعام (2010م)
Authors: الجبالي د. محمد
Published: September 2022

في هذا البحث نقل وتحرير ومناقشة لأقوال الفقهاء في نفقة المعتدّة من الطلاق أو الوفاة، إلى جانب مسائل ذات صلة، مثل نفقة الحمل في حال وجوده، وكيفية دفع النفقة، وغير ذلك من المسائل المهمة، مع المقارنة بالموادّ ذات الصلة في قانون الأحوال الشخصية الأردني، بهدف الإطلال على مستندات القانون في المدوّنة الفقهية التراثيّة، وبيان مواطن الاتفاق والاختلاف في المسائل المشار إليها، وقد سلك الباحث الطريق المعتاد في نقل الأقوال وتوثيقها ومناقشتها والموازنة بينها بهدف الترجيح، إذ خلص الباحث إلى أنّ قانون الأحوال الشخصية الأردني في المسألة المشار إليها قد جاء منسجمًا مع منهج الترجيح والاختيار وفق القواعد الأصوليّة والمقاصديّة، وكذلك متّسقًا مع المنهج المعلَن لاستقاء القانون من مصادر الفقه الإسلامي.

الكلمات المفتاحية: نفقة، عدة، قانون الأحوال الشخصية.
The Impact of the Customary on Achieving the Definition of Receivable and its Applications in the Contemporary Financial Transactions
Authors: محمود أحمد الطرايرة د. محمد
Published: September 2022

Praise be to Allah, and may peace and prayers be upon his Prophet Mohammed,

This research is entitled " The Impact of the Customary on Achieving the Definition of Receivable and its Applications in the Contemporary Financial Transactions". The Researcher sheds the light on three major points; the concept of customary and its authority and conditions of consideration, the receivable concept and its procedure and impact in contracts, and the impact of customary in achieving the definition of recievable and its applications in the contemporary financial transactions.

This research aims to discover to what limit the receivable is based onto the customary, and apply this on many applications that are conducted by the Islamic banking corporations in order to investigate whether there is customary involved in this matter.

The Researcher concluded that there are transactions in which would be appropriate to involve receivable. The customary leads to accomplish it with the existence of its effects. Also, there are transactions need a jurisprudential and scientific control closer to the established regulations.

The research included conclusion and indexes.

Keywords: arrest, custom, financial transactions, jurisprudence, jurisprudence.
درجة ممارسة المفتشين التربويين مهارات إدارة الموارد البشرية لدى في المجتمع العربي داخل الخط الأخضر في ضوء معايير الجودة
Authors: حسين عصفور سهيلة
Published: September 2022

هدفت الدراسة التعرف إلى درجة ممارسة مهارات إدارة الموارد البشرية لدى المفتشين التربويين في المجتمع العربي داخل الخط الأخضر في ضوء معايير الجودة. تكونت عينة الدراسة من (165) مديرًا ومديرة، تم اختيارهم بالطريقة العشوائية البسيطة، و(72) مفتشًا ومفتشةً تربوية تم اختيارهم بأسلوب (الحصر الشامل) المسح الشامل. ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم تطوير استبانة لقياس درجة ممارسة المفتشين التربويين مهارات إدارة الموارد البشرية وتكونت من (35) فقرة، واعتمدت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي المسحي. أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أنَّ درجة ممارسة المفتشين التربويين في المجتمع العربي في لواء الشمال داخل الخط الأخضر مهارات إدارة الموارد البشرية جاءت بدرجة (كبيرة)، وأشارت نتائج الدراسة إلى وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى الدلالة الإحصائية (α=0.05) في تقديرات أفراد عينة الدراسة لدرجة ممارسة المفتشين التربويين في المجتمع العربي في لواء الشمال داخل الخط الأخضر مهارات إدارة الموارد البشرية يعزى لمتغير (الجنس)، لصالح الإناث مقارنة بالذكور. ولم تظهر النتائج وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في تقديرات أفراد عينة الدراسة لدرجة ممارسة المفتشين التربويين مهارات إدارة الموارد البشرية تُعزى لمتغيري الدراسة (المؤهل العلمي، والمسمى الوظيفي).

الكلمات الدالة: درجة الممارسة، المفتش التربوي، مهارات إدارة الموارد البشرية، معايير الجودة.