bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sentiment classification of Chinese cosmetic reviews based on integration of collocations and concepts
Authors: Hung Chihli , Cao You-Xin
Published: December 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to propose a novel approach which integrates collocations and domain concepts for Chinese cosmetic word of mouth (WOM) sentiment classification. Most sentiment analysis works by collecting sentiment scores from each unigram or bigram. However, not every unigram or bigram in a WOM document contains sentiments. Chinese collocations consist of the main sentiments of WOM. This paper reduces the complexity of the document dimensionality and makes an improvement for sentiment classification.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper builds two contextual lexicons for feature words and sentiment words, respectively. Based on these contextual lexicons, this paper uses the techniques of associated rules and mutual information to build possible Chinese collocation sets. This paper applies preference vector modelling as the vector representation approach to catch the relationship between Chinese collocations and their associated concepts.

Findings

This paper compares the proposed preference vector models with benchmarks, using three classification techniques (i.e. support vector machine, J48 decision tree and multilayer perceptron). According to the experimental results, the proposed models outperform all benchmarks evaluated by the criterion of accuracy.

Originality/value

This paper focuses on Chinese collocations and proposes a novel research approach for sentiment classification. The Chinese collocations used in this paper are adaptable to the content and domains. Finally, this paper integrates collocations with the preference vector modelling approach, which not only achieves a better sentiment classification performance for Chinese WOM documents but also avoids the curse of dimensionality.
BIM for FM
Authors: Matarneh Sandra T. , Danso-Amoako Mark , Al-Bizri Salam , Gaterell Mark , Matarneh Rana T.
Published: December 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to identify a generic set of information requirements for facilities management (FM) systems, which should be included in BIM as-built models for efficient information exchange between BIM and FM systems, and to propose a process to identify, verify and collect the required information for use in FM systems during the project’s lifecycle.

Design/methodology/approach

Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were applied at different stages of the study’s sequential design. The collection and analysis of qualitative data was based on an extensive literature review of similar studies, standards, best practices and case study documentation. This was followed by a questionnaire survey of 191 FM practitioners in the UK. This formed the background of the third stage, which was the development of the information management process to streamline information exchange between building information models and FM systems.

Findings

The study identifies a generic list of information requirements of building information models to support FM systems. In addition, the study presents an information management process that generates a specific database for FM systems using an open data format.

Originality/value

The existing literature focuses on specific building types (educational buildings) or specific information requirements related to particular systems (mechanical systems). The existing standards, guidelines and best practices focus on the information requirements to support the operations and maintenance (O&M) phase in general. This study is different from previous studies because it develops a set of specific information requirements for building information models to support FM systems. FM organisations and owners can use the proposed list of information requirements as a base to generate specific data output for their FM systems’ input, to decrease the redundant activity of manual data entry and focus their efforts on key activities.
Restructuring degree roadmaps to improve timely graduation in higher education
Authors: Su Xuemei , Chen Ming , Yur-Austin Jasmine , Liu Ying
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Faced with declining government funding support and rising student loan debt, recently timely graduation in higher education has become a focal point of discussion at many institutions, particularly public universities. Timely graduation requires a student to successfully enroll in and complete a set of required and elective courses, the relationship of which is bound by the courses’ prerequisite requirements. However, due to the fact that class capacity is oftentimes limited and wrongly timed, many students find it challenging to stay on track. A well-structured degree roadmap that takes all factors into consideration and specifies the right courses to take by semester will better guide students’ course selection and thus increase their chance of earning their degrees within the four-year time window. Additionally, it will also allow administrators to do better capacity planning, and hence increase course accessibility to students. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

In this research, some operational techniques such as line balancing and simulation are applied to restructure and improve degree roadmaps, and assess the resulting outcomes. Some innovative methods are proposed to improve the processes on which students proceed to degree.

Findings

The results based on historical data that contains millions of student records spanning over eight-year time window demonstrate that the improved degree roadmaps can substantially increase students’ chance of completing the degree in a four-year time window. The research findings provide university administrators with cost-effective solutions.

Originality/value

This research breaks a new ground in literature due to its unique approach and focus. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this research is one of the first attempts to systematically study the impact of degree roadmap on timely graduation. This research focuses on finding solutions that are within the institution’s control, hence the proposed solutions are implementable and will provide university administrators with new tools and perspectives to enhance student success.
How does negative experience sharing influence happiness in online brand community? A dual-path model
Authors: Zhou Zhimin , Zhan Ge , Zhou Nan
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Consumers share negative brand experience in many occasions to vent their emotion and seek support. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of negative sharing on members’ happiness in online brand communities by drawing from two opposing constructs: social support and social exclusion.

Design/methodology/approach

Both survey and experiment methods were employed to test the conceptual model. Online survey data were collected from 1,015 mobile internet users.

Findings

The findings reveal that negative sharing may enhance a sharer’s happiness through online social support particularly for novice community members. The findings also indicate greater online social exclusion for experienced members than for novice members. These findings cast doubt on the widely held assumption that increased engagement in a community will always produces positive outcomes. The moderating effect of membership duration is confirmed with an experiment of MI’s brand community members.

Research limitations/implications

The study of happiness in online brand community sheds new light on consumer–brand and user–community relationships.

Originality/value

While most previous studies on negative sharing only explored the negative side of consequences, the authors contribute to this line of research by introducing both positive (social support) and negative (social exclusion) outcomes of negative reviews. The model also explains the conditions under which negative reviews enhance social support and social exclusion.
Demolition and deconstruction legacies: Toronto’s Honest Ed’s and Mirvish Village
Authors: Creba Alison
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Building on the thematic intersection of architectural waste and conservation, the purpose of this paper is to look at the demolition and deconstruction of Honest Ed’s and Mirvish Village – an iconic site in downtown Toronto. In doing so, it examines contradictory site values and tensions inherent in sustainable heritage practices.

Design/methodology/approach

This article uses a “follow-the-thing” methodology – an approach developed by the cultural geographer Nicky Gregson (Gregson et al., 2009) – to demonstrate how engaging with processes of building demolition and deconstruction can begin to reveal the site’s multiple legacies.

Findings

Recognizing that materials are not lost, but instead move through and are determined by various physical, spatial and cultural conditions, this piece demonstrates how an attention to the choreography of demolition and deconstruction may deepen our understanding of notions of ownership, responsibility and stewardship.

Research limitations/implications

Exposing material trajectories and various actors in the chain, this work challenges the save/discard binary which underpins conventional heritage practices and provides insight into new ways of considering the significance of demolition/deconstruction sites as well as broader social and environmental landscapes implicated in its reconfiguration.

Originality/value

Whereas heritage value is often defined in contrast with perceptions of loss, this piece suggests that engagement with processes of demolition and deconstruction constitutes a form of conservation that simultaneously acknowledges the difficult heritage of these procedures, while also commemorating the site’s ongoing transformation.
Learning the Ashby Box: an experiment in second order cybernetic modeling
Authors: Cretu Andrei
Published: December 2019

Purpose

W. Ross Ashby’s elementary non-trivial machine, known in the cybernetic literature as the “Ashby Box,” has been described as the prototypical example of a black box system. As far as it can be ascertained from Ashby’s journal, the intended purpose of this device may have been to exemplify the environment where an “artificial brain” may operate. This paper describes the construction of an elementary observer/controller for the class of systems exemplified by the Ashby Box – variable structure black box systems with parallel input.

Design/methodology/approach

Starting from a formalization of the second-order assumptions implicit in the design of the Ashby Box, the observer/controller system is synthesized from the ground up, in a strictly system-theoretic setting, without recourse to disciplinary metaphors or current theories of learning and cognition, based mainly on guidance from Heinz von Foerster’s theory of self-organizing systems and W. Ross Ashby’s own insights into adaptive systems.

Findings

Achieving and maintaining control of the Ashby Box requires a non-trivial observer system able to use the results of its interactions with the non-trivial machine to autonomously construct, deconstruct and reconstruct its own function. The algorithm and the dynamical model of the Ashby Box observer developed in this paper define the basic specifications of a general purpose, unsupervised learning architecture able to accomplish this task.

Originality/value

The problem exemplified by the Ashby Box is fundamental and goes to the roots of cybernetic theory; second-order cybernetics offers an adequate foundation for the mathematical modeling of this problem.
Lean manufacturing implementation in regions with scarce resources
Authors: Negrão Léony Luis Lopes , Godinho Filho Moacir , Ganga Gilberto Miller Devós , Chopra Sunil , Thürer Matthias , Sacomano Neto Mário , Marodin Giuliano Almeida
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the adoption of lean practices by manufacturing companies in regions of low economic and technological development and to compare findings with previous studies from more developed regions highlighting important contextual differences. The paper uses the contingency theory to explore how contextual variables and scarce resources influence the adoption of lean practices.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey of 233 manufacturing firms was conducted in the State of Pará in the Amazon Region of Brazil.

Findings

The results demonstrate that six internal lean practices (single minute exchange of dies, human resource management, continuous flow, total productive maintenance, pull and statistical process control) and two external lean practices (supplier feedback and customer involvement) are implemented. However, the two external lean practices of just-in-time delivery by suppliers and supplier development were not implemented. Furthermore, from the 36 operating items comprised in eight lean practices that are being used, 13 were not implemented. As such, compared to developed regions, there is evidence for a more fragmented implementation in less developed regions. The results reveal empirical evidence explained by the contingency perspective, such as national, geographical, strategic context and culture.

Originality/value

There is broad evidence on lean implementation in developed and developing countries in the literature. However, little is known about lean implementation in poorer regions of developing counties. This is one of the first studies mapping lean implementation in a region with low economic and technological development. This has important implications for research and practice, especially to cross-country/cultural research on operation management.
The spillover effect of greenwashing behaviours: an experimental approach
Authors: Wang Hong , Ma Baolong , Bai Rubing
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of greenwashing behaviour of one brand on purchase intention of green products from other brands. Further, this study tests the mediating role of greenwashing perception of the entire industry and the moderating role of brand attitudes towards other brands in the industry for the above-mentioned relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

A sample of 377 participants was utilised in three studies. The study analysed the data using SPSS 18.0 to test the research hypotheses.

Findings

The study suggests that greenwashing behaviour of one brand negatively affects consumers’ purchase intention of the green products from other brands in the industry. It is also indicated that the greenwashing perception of the entire industry partially mediates the relationship between greenwashing behaviour of a brand and purchase intention of green products from other brands. In addition, the study shows that the relationship between greenwashing perception of the entire industry and purchase intention of the green products from other brands is negatively moderated by brand attitudes towards other brands in the industry.

Practical implications

This study provides useful insights for the managers that firms can learn the way to alleviate greenwashing spillover effect through the brand attitudes to enhance green purchasing behaviour.

Originality/value

The study is perhaps the first one to study the existence of the spillover effect of brands’greenwashing behaviour. The study also reveals the influencing mechanism of greenwashing spillover effect of a brand.
Climate risk perception and media framing
Authors: Brito Renata Peregrino de , Miguel Priscila Laczynski de Souza , Pereira Susana Carla Farias
Published: December 2019

Purpose

This study aims to analyze the media coverage of the impact of extreme weather events (EWE) and related risk management activities in Brazil.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a documentary analysis, the authors examined the media coverage of droughts and floods from 2003 to 2013 with concomitant official reports.

Findings

The results indicate that although media coverage conveys the direct impact of floods and droughts on society, it underemphasizes the importance of risk management activities. Moreover, the private sector rarely engages in risk management and mitigation activities, despite the documented supply chain disruptions.

Research limitations/implications

This study focuses solely on media coverage as provided by wide-circulation newspaper in Brazil and would benefit by being extended to all media platforms.

Practical implications

The results highlight the need for private sector involvement in risk management activities to facilitate the adaptation to climate change.

Social implications

The study reveals the deficiency of existing reports and lack of awareness regarding EWE.

Originality/value

The study contributes by focusing on climate awareness and how society can adapt to climate change, as well as how businesses can improve supply chain operations to facilitate smoother risk management.
Chromium effects on the microstructural, mechanical and thermal properties of a rapidly solidified eutectic Sn-Ag alloy
Authors: Abbas Sanaa Razzaq , Gumaan Mohammed S. , Shalaby Rizk Mostafa
Published: December 2019

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the chromium (Cr) effects on the microstructural, mechanical and thermal properties of melt-spun Sn-3.5Ag alloy.

Design/methodology/approach

Ternary melt-spun Sn-Ag-Cr alloys were investigated using X-ray diffractions, scanning electron microscope, dynamic resonance technique, instron machine, Vickers hardness tester and differential scanning calorimetry.

Findings

The results revealed that the Ag3Sn intermetallic compound (IMC) and ß-Sn have been refined because of the hard inclusions’ (Cr atoms) effects, causing lattice distortion increasing these alloys. The tensile results of Sn96.4-Ag3.5-Cr0.1 alloy showed an improvement in Young’s modulus more than 100 per cent (42.16 GPa), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) by 9.4 per cent (23.9 MPa), compared with the eutectic Sn-Ag alloy due to the high concentration of Ag3Sn and their uniform distribution. Shortage in the internal friction (Q−1) of about 54 per cent (45.1) and increase in Vickers hardness of about 7.4 per cent (142.1 MPa) were also noted. Hexagonal Ag3Sn formation led to low toughness values compared to the eutectic Sn-Ag alloy, which may have resulted from the mismatching among hexagonal Ag3Sn phase with orthorhombic Ag3Sn and ß-Sn phases. Mechanically, the values of Young’s modulus have been increased, with increasing chromium content, whereas the UTS and toughness values have been decreased. The opposite of this trend appeared in Sn95.8-Ag3.5-Cr0.7 alloy, which may have been due to high lattice distortion (ƹ = 16.5 × 10−4) compared to the other alloys. Increase in the melting temperature Tm, ΔH, Cp and ΔT was because of Ag3Sn IMC formation. The low toughness of Sn96-Ag3.5-Cr0.5 and Sn95.8-Ag3.5-Cr0.7 (109.56 J/m3 and 35.66 J/m3), relatively high melting temperature Tm (223.22°C and 222.65°C) and low thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity (32.651 w.m−1.k−1 and 0.314 m2/s) make them undesirable in the soldering process. The high UTS, high E, high thermal conductivity and diffusivity, low creep rate and low electrical resistivity, which have occurred with “0.1 Wt.%” of Cr, make this alloy desirable and reliable for soldering applications and electronic assembly.

Originality/value

This study provides chromium effects on the structure of the eutectic Sn-Ag rapidly solidified by melt-spinning technique. In this paper, the authors compared the elastic modulus of the melt-spun compositions, which have been resulted from the Static method with that have been resulted from the Dynamic method. This paper presents new improvements in mechanical and thermal performance.
Searching for ‘pockets of effectiveness’ in weak governance states: Preliminary examination of the securities and exchange commission of Myanmar
Authors: Soe Phone Pyae , Lowatcharin Grichawat , Crumpton Charles David , Draper John
Published: December 2019

After decades of military rule, internal conflict, and international isolation, Myanmar has embarked on a course of institution building. In light of Myanmar's low rating on the World Bank's Worldwide Governance Indicators (World Bank Group), the nation faces an enormous challenge in developing public institutions that meet its needs and expectations. This challenge includes development of institutional capacity that will allow Myanmar to participate in international economic affairs. A step in this direction involves the creation of a securities exchange market mechanism. The current study considers the establishment of the Securities and Exchange Commission of Myanmar (SECM) to support securities regulation. It applies a novel organization level of analysis strategy that considers SECM as a ‘pocket of effectiveness’ (POE) in the context of a low‐performing public institutional setting in terms of the good governance criteria of responsiveness, accountability, and transparency (RAT). While the study finds evidence of progress in building Myanmar's securities regulation, it also finds limits in RAT development that challenges the SECM's potential designation as a ‘POE’. Based on feedback from proximate stakeholders in the daily work of the SECM, recommendations are offered for revised policies and practices in order to resolve them.
Plans that work: improving employment outcomes for young people with learning disabilities
Authors: Hunter Jack , Runswick‐Cole Katherine , Goodley Dan , Lawthom Rebecca
Published: December 2019

This article offers a critical reflection on the function of education, health and care plans (EHCPs) in pathways to employment for disabled young people. We consider ‘the education plan’ as an artefact of special educational needs systems. We problematise the often taken‐for‐granted assumption that such plans are always and only a ‘good’ thing in the lives of disabled young people seeking pathways to employment. At the same time, we consider the rise in demand for plans that are understood by many as a crucial mechanism for achieving support. Following the recent policy reforms in England, we describe a context in which the funding of education is shrinking and in which the promise of employment for disabled young people has yet to be delivered. We conclude by proposing some changes to policy and practice to enhance employment opportunities for disabled young people.
Diversity of bacteria associated with Hormaphidinae aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Xu Ting‐Ting , Chen Jing , Jiang Li‐Yun , Qiao Ge‐Xia
Published: December 2019

Bacteria are ubiquitous inhabitants of animals. Hormaphidinae is a particular aphid group exhibiting very diverse life history traits. However, the microbiota in this group is poorly known. In the present study, using high‐throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicons, we surveyed the bacterial flora in hormaphidine aphids and explored whether the aphid tribe, host plant and geographical distribution are associated with the distribution of secondary symbionts. The most dominant bacteria detected in hormaphidine species are heritable symbionts. As expected, the primary endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola is the most abundant symbiont across all species and has cospeciated with its host aphids. Six secondary symbionts were detected in Hormaphidinae. Arsenophonus is widespread in Hormaphidinae species, suggesting the possibility of ancient acquisition of this symbiont. Ordination analyses and statistical tests show that the symbiont composition does not seem to relate to any of the aphid tribes, host plants or geographical distributions, which indicate that horizontal transfers might occur for these symbionts in Hormaphidinae. Correlation analysis exhibits negative interference between Buchnera and coexisting secondary symbionts, while the interactions between different secondary symbionts are complicated. These findings display a comprehensive picture of the microbiota in Hormaphidinae and may be helpful in understanding the symbiont diversity within a group of aphids.
Desperate identities
Authors: Langman Peter
Published: December 2019

Research Summary

In this article, I provide a qualitative analysis of ten perpetrators of mass violence, including five school shooters and five attackers in nonschool settings (a random public shooting, a familicide, and three attacks by White supremacist homegrown violent extremists). The killers are discussed in terms of body‐related issues, three psychological categories (psychopathic, psychotic, and traumatized), and social failures. I describe how the attackers sought to overcome their perceived inadequacy, framed as damaged masculinity, through acts of violence. I also demonstrate the many factors that contribute to acts of mass violence.

Policy Implications

Violence prevention can be supported by policy initiatives in multiple domains, including mandating the use of threat assessment in educational settings, government support for expanding the use of threat assessment across the nation, training professionals engaged in threat assessment in the broad factors that contribute to mass violence, educating the public about mental health issues, destigmatizing the use of mental health services, increasing access to mental health treatment, and improving child protective services.
Potential to prevent mass shootings through domestic violence firearm restrictions
Authors: Zeoli April M. , Paruk Jennifer K.
Published: December 2019

Research Summary

We investigated the extent to which the 89 mass shooters who committed their acts from 2014 through 2017 were known or suspected to commit domestic violence prior to the shooting, whether they had been engaged in the justice system in a way that could have led to domestic violence firearm restrictions, and why they were either not legally or not successfully restricted from firearm access. A total of 28 mass shooters were suspected of domestic violence, 61% of whom had been involved with the justice system for domestic violence. At least 6 shooters had potential domestic violence firearm restrictions.

Policy Implications

Implementation of domestic violence firearm restrictions may prevent access to firearms for some potential mass shooters. For this to happen, domestic violence cases need to become known to and move through the justice system to conviction or granting a domestic violence restraining order and the firearm restrictions need to be effectively implemented.
Influence of Ethanol on Emulsions Stabilized by Low Molecular Weight Surfactants
Authors: Ferreira Ana C. , Sullo Antonio , Winston Scott , Norton Ian T. , Norton‐Welch Abigail B.
Published: December 2019

The effect of ethanol on oil‐in‐water emulsions stabilized with low molecular weight surfactants was investigated. Oil‐in‐water emulsions were prepared containing varying percentages of ethanol and sunflower oil, and stabilized with different emulsifiers (Tween 20, Tween 80, and Lecithin). Droplet size, viscosity, density, and interfacial tension measurements were carried out. The droplet size of emulsions stabilized by each of the surfactants studied decreased with the addition of ethanol to the aqueous phase showing a minimum at a concentration of ethanol around 40%. The trend in droplet size is accompanied by a decrease in the interfacial tension between water and oil as the ethanol concentration increases. Viscosity measurements show that the change in viscosity of the final emulsion is the result of the change in viscosity of the continuous phase, as well as the change in solubility of the surfactants due to the addition of ethanol. The density of the continuous phase decreases with the addition of ethanol and it is possible to match the densities of the two phases in order to reduce the effect of creaming/sedimentation and improve stability. This study provides scientific evidence for the formulation of stable emulsions containing a range of ethanol form 0 to 40%.

Practical Application

Formation and stability of food‐grade emulsions in the presence of ethanol.
The influence of leaf traits and deficit irrigation on insect communities in mature green tomato production
Authors: Milkereit Janina , Stoddard C. Scott , Dito Danica F. , Hodson Amanda K.
Published: December 2019

Drought affects many agriculturally important areas, hampering the cultivation of water intensive crops such as tomatoes.

Unlike processing tomatoes, deficit irrigation of fresh market tomatoes is not currently practiced. Deficit irrigation could have negative trade‐offs for yield and pest populations by changing plant nutritional values and the microenvironment.

The present study compared crop response and insect populations at two field locations: an on‐farm trial with 0%, 15% and 30% water deficit treatments, and a research station trial with 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% water deficit treatments.

At the on‐farm trial, water deficits of 30% affected fruit yield, leaf relative water content (RWC) and leaf δ13C, whereas, in the research station trial, water deficits only affected leaf RWC. Treatments did not change the abundance of any insect groups.

Sap‐feeding insects such as silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) increased with plant traits indicating hydration such as canopy temperature depression (CTD) and RWC. Furthermore, CTD influenced the composition of insect communities.

Sap‐feeding insect abundance may vary with traits indicating hydration because of turgor pressure required for feeding, as well as a more suitable microenvironment.
Mixed lichenoid and psoriasiform drug eruption induced by rifampicin
Authors: Feng Xia , Ye Xin , Xu Jixiang , Li Changqiang
Published: December 2019

Rifampicin is an essential first line anti‐tuberculosis drug. However, several cases of adverse reactions associated with this drug have been reported, the most common of which are cutaneous drug reactions. We report a case of mixed lichenoid and psoriasiform drug eruption induced by rifampicin.
Tiered Community Membership in Australia: The Impact of Constitutional Concepts and Contemporary Developments on Refugee Access to Citizenship
Authors: Pillai Sangeetha
Published: December 2019

This article explores various ways in which Commonwealth legislation and government policy have shifted in recent years to increase both the legal barriers to inclusion for migrants seeking to become part of the Australian community, and the circumstances in which those already legally recognised as members of the community can become susceptible to exclusion. It examines the ways in which these shifts have produced new “tiers of membership” within the Australian community, and discusses the implications of this, both from a constitutional perspective and on affected individuals. The article illustrates that these shifts have affected some groups of migrants more than others. Relevantly, given the subject of this special issue, they have had a disproportionately detrimental effect on refugees who arrive in Australia by boat seeking asylum.
“I feel I am at the stage now of really learning something”: Esma Banner, Post‐Second World War Migration Worker and Photographer
Authors: Tomsic Mary
Published: December 2019

Australian woman Esma Banner (1910–2001) was a keen amateur photographer who worked for the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) and the International Refugee Organisation (IRO) between 1945 and 1951. While posted in Germany, Banner kept a diary, wrote over 100 letters to her family, kept official reports, took photographs and collected art and craft by Displaced Persons (DP). In particular, photography and family were important to her. She said in a letter home: “You are all always in my thoughts – every picture I take is for you”.

This article primarily focuses on visual materials in Esma Banner's personal papers. Banner's collection substantially documents her professional relief work with UNRRA and the IRO, and through this, her interactions with other relief workers as well as displaced children and adults can be seen. Here Banner's photographs and albums are read alongside published materials, letters and diaries to reveal a range of political, personal and gendered understandings of post‐Second World War reconstruction work. The material also provides some insights into the experiences of forcibly displaced children and adults. Banner's photographs are used to reflect upon the place of visual and personal sources in writing histories of post‐Second World War reconstruction.
Humanitarianism from the Suburbs: Australian Refugee Relief and Activism during the 1971 Bangladeshi Liberation War
Authors: Stevens Rachel
Published: December 2019

The Bangladesh Liberation War against West Pakistan in 1971 triggered an exodus of ten million refugees, the deaths of approximately 1.5 million people and widespread destruction of villages, crops and infrastructure. Preoccupied with the Cold War and domestic politics, powerful nations such as the US and UK did not intervene directly and reluctantly provided aid. The Australian government, for its part, was particularly slow to offer aid, trailing efforts of New Zealand and most Western European governments. While the McMahon administration remained indifferent, Australians from diverse backgrounds engaged with this conflict by raising public awareness, fundraising and lobbying the Australian government to increase its aid contribution to Bangladeshis displaced by war. At a time when Australian government policies focused on the war in Indo‐China, Cold War politics and development in south‐east Asia and the south Pacific, I consider the ways Australian individuals offered aid to Asian, non‐Christian refugees, some of whom held Maoist views. Using archival materials, historical newspapers and census data, this article argues that, paradoxically, it was individuals with little political capital who spearheaded Australian efforts to aid Bangladeshi refugees. In short, the Bangladesh Liberation War provoked a groundswell of suburban activism that acted independently of government policies.
Past and Present: From Misunderstanding Sexuality to Misunderstanding Gender Identity in Australian Refugee Claims
Authors: Dawson Jaz
Published: December 2019

This paper analyses the past and present treatment of people applying for asylum on the grounds of their sexual orientation in Australia. Despite having relatively progressive legislative measures for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) citizens, the treatment of refugees applying for refugee status based on their sexual orientation has historically been dogged by questionable and biased decision‐making. It is argued that early claims were initially plagued by a number of issues, notably the employment of discretion reasoning and errors in credibility assessment. The second section of this paper takes a deeper look at claims made in Australia between 2016 and mid‐2018 to assess whether there has been any improvement in decision‐making. It is argued that Australian decision‐making for sexual orientation‐based claims has demonstrably improved, encouraged by the introduction of new departmental guidelines for assessing such claims in 2016. However, it emerged in later claims that some decision‐makers continue to confuse sexuality and gender identity, demonstrating that issues remain for applicants in Australia. Ultimately, it is argued that in order to continue to improve decision‐making, the Australian Immigration Department and tribunals need to be more transparent about the development and implementation of decision‐making guidelines.
Comparison of administrative data and the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data in a New South Wales Hospital
Authors: Richardson Arthur , Pang Tony , Hitos Kerry , Toh James Wei Tatt , Johnston Emma , Morgan Gary , Zeng Mingjuan , Mazevska Deniza , McElduff Patrick
Published: December 2019

Background

The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) is widely used in North America for benchmarking. In 2015, NSQIP was introduced to four New South Wales public hospitals. The aim of this study is to investigate the agreement between NSQIP and administrative data in the Australian setting; to compare the performance of models derived from each data set to predict 30‐day outcomes.

Methods

The NSQIP and administrative data variables were mapped to select variables available in both data sets where coding may be influenced by interpretation of the clinical information. These were compared for agreement. Logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the probability of adverse outcomes within 30 days. Models derived from NSQIP and administrative data were compared by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Results

A total of 2240 procedures over 21 months had matching records. Functional status demonstrated poor agreement (kappa 0.02): administrative data recorded only one (1%) patient with partial‐ or total‐dependence as recorded by NSQIP data. The American Society of Anesthesiologists class demonstrated excellent agreement (kappa 0.91). Other perioperative variables demonstrated poor to fair agreement (kappa 0.12–0.61). Predictive model based on NSQIP data was excellent at predicting mortality but was less accurate for complications and readmissions. The NSQIP model was better in predicting mortality and complications (receiver operating characteristic curve 0.93 versus 0.87; P = 0.029 and 0.71 versus 0.64; P = 0.027).

Conclusions

There is poor agreement between NSQIP data and administrative data. Predictive models associated with NSQIP data were more accurate at predicting surgical outcomes than those from administrative data. To drive quality improvement in surgery, high‐quality clinical data are required and we believe that NSQIP fulfils this function.
Understanding the drug exposure–response relationship of bedaquiline to predict efficacy for novel dosing regimens in the treatment of multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Tanneau Lénaïg , Karlsson Mats O. , Svensson Elin M.
Published: December 2019

Aims

To externally validate an earlier characterized relationship between bedaquiline exposure and decline in bacterial load in a more difficult‐to‐treat patient population, and to explore the performances of alternative dosing regimens through simulations.

Methods

The bedaquiline exposure–response relationship was validated using time‐to‐positivity data from 233 newly diagnosed or treatment‐experienced patients with drug‐resistant tuberculosis from the C209 open‐label study. The significance of the exposure–response relationship on the bacterial clearance was compared to a constant drug effect model. Tuberculosis resistance type and the presence and duration of antituberculosis pre‐treatment were evaluated as additional covariates. Alternative dosing regimens were simulated for tuberculosis patients with different types of drug resistance.

Results

High bedaquiline concentrations were confirmed to be associated with faster bacterial load decline in patients, given that the exposure–effect relationship provided a significantly better fit than the constant drug effect (relative likelihood = 0.0003). The half‐life of bacterial clearance was identified to be 22% longer in patients with pre‐extensively drug‐resistant (pre‐XDR) tuberculosis (TB) and 86% longer in patients with extensively drug‐resistant (XDR) TB, compared to patients with multidrug‐resistant (MDR) TB. Achievement of the same treatment response for (pre‐)XDR TB patients as for MDR TB patients would be possible by adjusting the dose and dosing frequency. Furthermore, daily bedaquiline administration as in the ZeNix regimen, was predicted to be as effective as the approved regimen.

Conclusion

The confirmed bedaquiline exposure–response relationship offers the possibility to predict efficacy under alternative dosing regimens, and provides a useful tool for potential treatment optimization.
Correlates of indicators of potential extra‐medical opioid use in people prescribed opioids for chronic non‐cancer pain
Authors: Santo Thomas , Larance Briony , Bruno Raimondo , Gisev Natasa , Nielsen Suzanne , Degenhardt Louisa , Campbell Gabrielle
Published: December 2019

Introduction and Aims

The opioid‐related behaviours in treatment (ORBIT) scale are a measure of recent indicators of potential extra‐medical opioid use. Indicators of potential extra‐medical opioid use are divergent practices among people prescribed opioids that may place them at risk of harm. This study aimed to examine the correlates of indicators of potential extra‐medical opioid use in people prescribed opioids for chronic non‐cancer pain (CNCP).

Design and Methods

The Pain and Opioids IN Treatment (POINT) study is a prospective cohort study of people prescribed opioids for CNCP in Australia. People prescribed opioids solely for opioid dependence were excluded. This cross‐sectional study utilised logistic regression to determine the characteristics associated with reporting any indicators of potential extra‐medical opioid use.

Results

Of the 1505 participants, 38% reported at least one indicator of potential extra‐medical opioid use, most commonly asking for an increase in prescribed opioid dose (21%) and early prescription renewal (12%). Indicators of potential extra‐medical opioid use were associated with younger age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.92, 0.99), male sex (AOR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.15, 2.04), lifetime pharmaceutical opioid use disorder (AOR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.31, 2.66) and lifetime illicit drug use disorder (AOR = 1.72; 95% CI = 1.18, 2.52).

Discussion and Conclusions

Over one‐third of the POINT cohort reported one or more indicators of potential extra‐medical opioid use. Lifetime substance use disorders were associated these divergent practices, highlighting the importance of clinical monitoring and patient education for this patient group. Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate whether indicators of potential extra‐medical opioid use predict opioid use disorders in this population.
Facilitation between invasive herbivores: hemlock woolly adelgid increases gypsy moth preference for and performance on eastern hemlock
Authors: Kinahan Ian G. , Baranowski Alex K. , Whitney Elizabeth R. , Savage Suzanne K. , Rigsby Chad M. , Shoemaker Emma E. , Orians Colin M. , Preisser Evan L.
Published: December 2019

1. Interactions between invertebrate herbivores with different feeding modes are common on long‐lived woody plants. In cases where one herbivore facilitates the success of another, the consequences for their shared host plant may be severe. Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), a canopy‐dominant conifer native to the eastern U.S., is currently threatened with extirpation by the invasive stylet‐feeding hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae). The effect of adelgid on invasive hemlock‐feeding folivores remains unknown.

2. This study evaluated the impact of feeding by hemlock woolly adelgid on gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) larval preference for, and performance on, eastern hemlock. To assess preference, 245 field‐grown hemlocks were surveyed for gypsy moth herbivory damage and laboratory paired‐choice bioassays were conducted. To assess performance, gypsy moth larvae were reared to pupation on adelgid‐infested or uninfested hemlock foliage, and pupal weight, proportional weight gain, and larval period were analysed.

3. Adelgid‐infested hemlocks experienced more gypsy moth herbivory than did uninfested control trees, and laboratory tests confirmed that gypsy moth larvae preferentially feed on adelgid‐infested hemlock foliage. Gypsy moth larvae reared to pupation on adelgid‐infested foliage gained more weight than larvae reared on uninfested control foliage.

4. These results suggest that the synergistic effect of adelgid and gypsy moth poses an additional threat to eastern hemlock that may increase extirpation risk and ecological impact throughout most of its range.
Assessment of text coherence using an ontology‐based relatedness measurement method
Authors: Giray Görkem , Ünalır Murat Osman
Published: December 2019

This paper proposes a novel method for assessing text coherence. Central to this approach is an ontology‐based representation of text, which captures the level of relatedness between consecutive sentences via ontologies. Our method encompasses annotating text using ontological concepts and assessing text coherence based on relatedness measurement among these concepts. The ontology‐based relatedness measurement method used in this study considers various types of relationships in ontologies and derived relationships via an inference engine for computing relatedness. We hypothesized that rich variety of relationships and inferred facts in ontologies would improve the success of text coherence assessment. Our results demonstrate that the use of ontologies yields to coherence values that have a higher correlation with human ratings.
Identifying potentially invasive non‐native marine and brackish water species for the Arabian Gulf and Sea of Oman
Authors: Clarke Stacey A. , Vilizzi Lorenzo , Lee Laura , Wood Louisa E. , Cowie Winston J. , Burt John A. , Mamiit Rusyan J. E. , Ali Hassina , Davison Phil I. , Fenwick Gemma V. , Harmer Rogan , Skóra Michał E. , Kozic Sebastian , Aislabie Luke R. , Kennerley Adam , Le Quesne Will J. F. , Copp Gordon H. , Stebbing Paul D.
Published: December 2019

Invasive non‐native species (NNS) are internationally recognized as posing a serious threat to global biodiversity, economies and human health. The identification of invasive NNS is already established, those that may arrive in the future, their vectors and pathways of introduction and spread, and hotspots of invasion are important for a targeted approach to managing introductions and impacts at local, regional and global scales. The aim of this study was to identify which marine and brackish NNS are already present in marine systems of the northeastern Arabia area (Arabian Gulf and Sea of Oman) and of these which ones are potentially invasive, and which species have a high likelihood of being introduced in the future and negatively affect biodiversity. Overall, 136 NNS were identified, of which 56 are already present in the region and a further 80 were identified as likely to arrive in the future, including fish, tunicates, invertebrates, plants and protists. The Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit (AS‐ISK) was used to identify the risk of NNS being (or becoming) invasive within the region. Based on the AS‐ISK basic risk assessment (BRA) thresholds, 36 extant and 37 horizon species (53.7% of all species) were identified as high risk. When the impact of climate change on the overall assessment was considered, the combined risk score (BRA+CCA) increased for 38.2% of all species, suggesting higher risk under warmer conditions, including the highest‐risk horizon NNS the green crab Carcinus maenas, and the extant macro‐alga Hypnea musciformis. This is the first horizon‐scanning exercise for NNS in the region, thus providing a vital baseline for future management. The outcome of this study is the prioritization of NNS to inform decision‐making for the targeted monitoring and management in the region to prevent new bio‐invasions and to control existing species, including their potential for spread.