bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electroconvulsive therapy and later stroke in patients with affective disorders
Authors: Rozing Maarten Pieter , Jørgensen Martin Balslev , Osler Merete
Published: August 2018

The long-term effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on the risk of stroke are unknown. We examined the association between ECT and risk of incident or recurrent stroke. A cohort of 174 534 patients diagnosed with affective disorder between 2005 and 2016 in the Danish National Patient Registry were followed for stroke until November 2016. The association between ECT and stroke was analysed using Cox regression with multiple adjustment and propensity-score matching on sociodemographic and clinical variables. In 162 595 patients without previous stroke, 5781 (3.6%) were treated with ECT. The total number of patients developing stroke during follow-up was 3665, of whom 165 had been treated with ECT. In patients <50 years, ECT was not associated with stroke (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.29, 95% CI 0.87–1.93). In patients ≥50, ECT was associated with a lower risk of stroke (adjusted HR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.57–0.89), but this estimate was likely influenced by competing mortality risk. Of 11 939 patients with a history of stroke, 228 (1.9%) were treated with ECT. During follow-up, 2330 (19.5%) patients had a recurrence, of which 26 were patients treated with ECT. ECT was not associated with risk of a new event (HR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.46–1.00; P = 0.05). ECT is not associated with an elevated risk of incident or recurrent stroke.

Declaration of interest

None.
Serum Biomarker Signature-Based Liquid Biopsy for Diagnosis of Early-Stage Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Mellby Linda D. , Nyberg Andreas P. , Johansen Julia S. , Wingren Christer , Nordestgaard Børge G. , Bojesen Stig E. , Mitchell Breeana L. , Sheppard Brett C. , Sears Rosalie C. , Borrebaeck Carl A.K.
Published: August 2018

Purpose

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor prognosis, with a 5-year survival of < 10% because of diffuse symptoms leading to late-stage diagnosis. That survival could increase significantly if localized tumors could be detected early. Therefore, we used multiparametric analysis of blood samples to obtain a novel biomarker signature of early-stage PDAC. The signature was derived from a large patient cohort, including patients with well-defined early-stage (I and II) PDAC. This biomarker signature was validated subsequently in an independent patient cohort.

Patients and Methods

The biomarker signature was derived from a case-control study, using a Scandinavian cohort, consisting of 16 patients with stage I, 132 patients with stage II, 65 patients with stage III, and 230 patients with stage IV PDAC, and 888 controls. This signature was validated subsequently in an independent case-control cohort in the United States with 15 patients with stage I, 75 patients with stage II, 15 patients with stage III, and 38 patients with stage IV PDAC, and 219 controls. An antibody microarray platform was used to identify the serum biomarker signature associated with early-stage PDAC.

Results

Using the Scandinavian case-control study, a biomarker signature was created, discriminating samples derived from patients with stage I and II from those from controls with a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve value of 0.96. This signature, consisting of 29 biomarkers, was then validated in an independent case-control study in the United States. The biomarker signature could discriminate patients with stage I and II PDAC from controls in this independent patient cohort with a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve value of 0.96.

Conclusion

This serum biomarker signature might represent a tenable approach to detecting early-stage, localized PDAC if these findings are supported by a prospective validation study.
Randomized Trial of Hypofractionated, Dose-Escalated, Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) Versus Conventionally Fractionated IMRT for Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Hoffman Karen E. , Voong K. Ranh , Levy Lawrence B. , Allen Pamela K. , Choi Seungtaek , Schlembach Pamela J. , Lee Andrew K. , McGuire Sean E. , Nguyen Quynh , Pugh Thomas J. , Frank Steven J. , Kudchadker Rajat J. , Du Weiliang , Kuban Deborah A.
Published: August 2018

Purpose

Hypofractionated radiotherapy delivers larger daily doses of radiation and may increase the biologically effective dose delivered to the prostate. We conducted a randomized trial testing the hypothesis that dose-escalated, moderately hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy (HIMRT) improves prostate cancer control compared with conventionally fractionated IMRT (CIMRT) for men with localized prostate cancer.

Patients and Methods

Men were randomly assigned to 75.6 Gy in 1.8-Gy fractions delivered over 8.4 weeks (CIMRT) or 72 Gy in 2.4 Gy fractions delivered over 6 weeks (HIMRT, biologically equivalent to 85 Gy in 1.8-Gy fractions assuming prostate cancer α-to-β ratio of 1.5). Failure was defined as prostate-specific antigen (PSA) failure (nadir plus 2 ng/mL) or initiation of salvage therapy. Modified Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria were used to grade late (≥ 90 days after completion of radiotherapy) GI and genitourinary toxicity.

Results

Most of the 206 men (72%) had cT1, Gleason score 6 or 7 (99%), and PSA level ≤ 10 ng/mL (90%) disease. Androgen deprivation therapy was received by 24%. With a median follow-up of 8.5 years, men treated with HIMRT experienced fewer treatment failures (n = 10) than men treated with CIMRT (n = 21; P = .036). The 8-year failure rate was 10.7% (95% CI, 5.8% to 19.1%) with HIMRT and 15.4% (95% CI, 9.1% to 25.4%) with CIMRT. There was no difference in overall survival ( P = .39). There was a nonsignificant increase in late grade 2 or 3 GI toxicity with HIMRT (8-year 5.0% v 12.6%; P = .08). However, GI toxicity was only 8.6% when rectal volume receiving 65 Gy of HIMRT was ≤ 15%. Late genitourinary toxicity was similar ( P = .84). There was no grade 4 toxicity.

Conclusion

The results of this randomized trial demonstrate superior cancer control for men with localized prostate cancer who receive dose-escalated moderately hypofractionation radiotherapy while shortening treatment duration.
Tumor Mutation Burden as a Biomarker in Resected Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Devarakonda Siddhartha , Rotolo Federico , Tsao Ming-Sound , Lanc Irena , Brambilla Elisabeth , Masood Ashiq , Olaussen Ken A. , Fulton Robert , Sakashita Shingo , McLeer-Florin Anne , Ding Keyue , Le Teuff Gwénaël , Shepherd Frances A. , Pignon Jean-Pierre , Graziano Stephen L. , Kratzke Robert , Soria Jean-Charles , Seymour Lesley , Govindan Ramaswamy , Michiels Stefan
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The survival benefit with adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with resected stage II-III non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is modest. Efforts to develop prognostic or predictive biomarkers in these patients have not yielded clinically useful tests. We report findings from the Lung Adjuvant Cisplatin Evaluation (LACE)-Bio-II study, in which we analyzed next-generation sequencing and long-term outcomes data from > 900 patients with early-stage NSCLC treated prospectively in adjuvant landmark clinical trials. We used a targeted gene panel to assess the prognostic and predictive effect of mutations in individual genes, DNA repair pathways, and tumor mutation burden (TMB).

Methods

A total of 908 unmatched, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, resected lung cancer tumor specimens were sequenced using a targeted panel of 1,538 genes. Stringent filtering criteria were applied to exclude germline variants and artifacts related to formalin fixation. Disease-free survival, overall survival, and lung cancer—specific survival (LCSS) were assessed in Cox models stratified by trial and adjusted for treatment, age, sex, performance score, histology, type of surgery, and stage.

Results

Nonsynonymous mutations were identified in 1,515 genes in 908 tumor samples. High nonsynonymous TMB (> 8 mutations/Mb) was prognostic for favorable outcomes (ie, overall survival, disease-free survival, and LCSS) in patients with resected NSCLC. LCSS benefit with adjuvant chemotherapy was more pronounced in patients with low nonsynonymous TMBs (≤ 4 mutations/Mb). Presence of mutations in DNA repair pathways, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, TP53 alteration subtype, and intratumor heterogeneity was neither prognostic nor predictive. Statistically significant effect of mutations in individual genes was difficult to determine due to high false-discovery rates.

Conclusion

High nonsynonymous TMB was associated with a better prognosis in patients with resected NSCLC. In addition, the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy on LCSS was more pronounced in patients with low nonsynonymous TMBs. Studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
An opportunity for clinical pharmacology trained physicians to improve patient drug safety: A retrospective analysis of adverse drug reactions in teenagers
Authors: Eugene Andy R. , Eugene Beata
Published: August 2018

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a major cause of hospital admissions, prolonged hospital stays, morbidity, and drug-related mortality. In this study, we sought to identify the most frequently reported medications and associated side effects in adolescent-aged patients in an effort to prioritize clinical pharmacology consultation efforts for hospitals seeking to improve patient safety.  

Methods: Quarterly reported data were obtained from the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS) from the third quarter of 2014 and ending in the third quarter of 2017. We then used the GeneCards database to map the pharmacogenomic biomarkers associated with the most reported FAERS drugs. Data homogenization and statistics analysis were all conducted in R for statistical programming.

Results: We identified risperidone (10.64%) as the compound with the most reported ADRs from all reported cases. Males represented 90.1% of reported risperidone cases with gynecomastia being the most reported ADR. Ibuprofen OR=188 (95% CI, 105.00 – 335.00) and quetiapine fumarate OR=116 (95% CI, 48.40 – 278.00) were associated with the highest odds of completed suicide in teenagers. Ondansetron hydrochloride OR=7.12 (95% CI, 1.59 – 31.9) resulted in the highest odds of pneumothorax. Lastly, olanzapine (8.96%) represented the compound with the most reported drug-drug interactions cases, while valproic acid OR=221 (95% CI, 93.900 – 522.00) was associated with the highest odds of drug-drug interactions.

Conclusion: Despite any data limitations, physicians prescribing risperidone in males should be aware of the high rates of adverse drug events and an alternative psychotropic should be considered in male patients. Further, patients with a history of pneumothorax or genetically predisposed to pneumothorax should be considered for an alternative antiemetic to ondansetron hydrochloride, due to increased odds associated with the drug and adverse event.
Sedentary behavior and body composition in children of low-and mid-income countries: a review
Authors: Guerra Paulo Henrique , Ribeiro Evelyn Helena Corgosinho , Leme Ana Carolina Barco , Mota Jorge , Farias Júnior José Cazuza , Florindo Alex Antonio
Published: August 2018

This study reviewed the relationship between sedentary behavior (SB) and body composition in children and adolescents from low-and-mid income countries (LMIC). A systematic review was developed through manual and electronic searches in eight databases. Were included observational studies conducted in LMIC, with children and adolescents from three to 19 years. As results, 39 original articles were found (37 cross-sectional, 1 case control study and 1 cohort), which in all presented 75 analyzes, most of them based on screen behaviors (n = 71; 94.7%). At all, 15 of 25 analyses showed risk associations between SB and unfavorable body composition. When focusing on the dose of sedentary behavior, risk associations were verified in distinct cut of points: 1h/d (3 of 3 analyses); 2h/d (9 of 16); 3h/d (2 of 5); 4h/d (4 of 5) and 5h/d (3 of 6). Television time was the SB type most frequently associated as risk in all categories. In conclusion, recognition of these associations is important both to support future studies and for its dissemination in preventive messages in the population of interest. Also, further longitudinal studies are necessary for narrowing the casual relationships between the variables.
Prevalence of excessive screen time and correlates factors in Brazilian schoolchildren
Authors: Guedes Dartagnan Pinto , Desiderá Robson Antônio , Gonçalves Hélcio Rossi
Published: August 2018

The objective of this study was to identify excessive screen time, through the use of TV and other screen-based devices, including computers, videogames, tablets and smartphones, and analyze associated demographic, behavioral and anthropometric correlates. This is a cross-sectional school-based epidemiological study of approximately 17,000 schoolchildren aged 4-20 years who participated in the 2014 Healthy Paraná Project. Anthropometric measurements were collected by applying a questionnaire with structured questions. Excessive screen time was defined as the combined use of TV and other screen-based devices for > 2 hours/day. Data were analyzed using bivariate analysis and hierarchical multiple regression. e overall prevalence of excessive screen time was 70.4% [68.1–72.9]. Multivariate analysis showed a significant association between excessive screen time and age (OR = 1.92; 95%CI: 1.60–2.33), economic status (OR = 2.48; 95%CI: 1.99–3.17), mother’s schooling (OR = 1.98; 95%CI: 1.57–2.68), living area (OR = 1.26; 95%CI: 1.04–1.56) and urbanization (OR = 2.94; 95%CI: 2.41–3.75). Among the behavioral correlates, less physical activity (OR = 1.42; 95%CI: 1.25–1.85), low fruit/vegetable intake (OR = 2.89; 95%CI: 2.25–3.70), consuming sweetened products/soft drinks (OR = 2.07; 95%CI: 1.63–2.70) and fewer hours of sleep (OR = 2.01; 95%CI: 1.60–2.62) were independently associated with excessive screen time. Likewise, excess body weight (OR = 1.81; 95%CI: 1.35–2.51) and abdominal fat (OR = 2.01; 95%CI: 1.62–2.73) were significantly associated with the outcome. In conclusion, the findings of the study suggest that policies and interventions targeting health education programs in school and family settings should include elements that focus on reducing excessive screen time.
Start by showing you value parents' input
Authors: Barber Jenny
Published: August 2018

With the start of a new school year it is time to meet and greet new parents. Pave the way for a positive partnership by making families feel at ease and listening to what they have to say, advises Jenny Barber.
»Ich möchte nur ein Gesicht haben«.
Authors: Wischmann Anke
Published: August 2018

In dem Beitrag wird der Roman "Tauben fliegen auf" von M. Nadj Abonji aus einer bildungstheoretischen Perspektive als eine Gegenerzählung zu hegemonialen Bildungsidealen, die sich etwa an den Arbeiten Humboldts und Hegels orientieren, gelesen. Theoretisch-methodologisch wird Bezug genommen auf rassismuskritische Forschung, die die Gegenerzählung (counter-story) als Möglichkeit versteht, durch Rassismus marginalisierte Positionen stärker hör- und sichtbar werden zu lassen. In dem Roman zeigt sich, dass Bildung nicht nur und nicht im Fall der Protagonistin Ildiko als Transformation eines bestehenden Welt-Selbstverhältnisses verstanden werden kann, sondern vielmehr als eine widerständige Praxis gegen diskriminierende Zuschreibungen.
Die »ernsten Spiele der Männer« und die »Listen der Ohnmacht« von Frauen
Authors: Faulstich-Wieland Hannelore
Published: August 2018

Hannelore Faulstich-Wieland geht in ihrem Beitrag der Frage nach, wie in dem Roman Geschlechterverhältnisse explizit thematisiert werden und inwiefern sich darüber eine Reflexion von Gender zeigen lässt. Theoretisch orientiert an West/Zimmermans Ansatz des doing gender, Pierre Bourdieus Konzept der männlichen Herrschaft sowie der Beschreibung weiblicher Widerstandsformen durch Claudia Honneger und Bettina Heintz untersucht sie drei Formen der Präsentation von Geschlechterverhältnissen: - Bedeutung von Aussehen und Kleidung für doing gender - Die ernsten Spiele der Männer: harte Arbeit, Technik und Politik als Männerangelegenheiten - Listen der Ohnmacht als Strategien der Frauen. Letztlich zeigt sich, dass Geschlecht für die Autorin kein wirkliches Feld der Auseinandersetzung darstellt.
Das Olympische Skateboard-Terrain zwischen Subkultur und Versportlichung
Authors: Kilberth Veith
Published: August 2018

Der Beitrag analysiert zunächst die Terrains der olympischen Skateboard-Disziplinen, die sich in der Vergangenheit mehrfach rekonfiguriert haben. Durch die Rekonstruktion der olympischen Terrains »Park« und »Street« arbeitet er Entwicklungsmuster und Konstellationen heraus, die ein Wechselspiel zwischen Versportlichung und subkulturellen Ursprung sichtbar machen. Als mögliches Zukunftsszenario wird gezeigt, auf welche Weise die Akteure, im Spannungsfeld zwischen Versportlichung und Kulturalisierung des Skateboarding, für sich ökonomische Vorteile sichern und dabei gleichzeitig ihre nonkonforme Identität wahren können.
Die Welt der Skateparks.
Authors: Borden Iain
Published: August 2018

Der Beitrag setzt sich mit den zentralen Aspekten der weltweiten Renaissance von Skateparks in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten auseinander, wobei unter anderem die vielfältigen Nutzungsoptionen solcher urbanen Bewegungsräume nachgezeichnet werden. Der Autor verdeutlicht, dass Skateparks nicht nur selbst neue Formen von Gemeinschaft hervorbringen, sondern innerhalb gewisser Grenzen gerade auch sozialen Wandel und Prozesse der Selbstermächtigung an herausfordernden Orten (z.B. soziale Hilfsprojekte in vernachlässigten Stadtvierteln oder vom Krieg gezeichneten Ländern) stimulieren können.
Medienbasierte Selbsttechnologien 1800, 1900, 2000
Authors: Fröhlich Gerrit
Published: August 2018

Wer bin ich - und wie kann oder sollte ich mich verändern? »Unser Schreibzeug arbeitet mit an unseren Gedanken.« Vor dem Hintergrund dieses Nietzsche-Zitats zeigt Gerrit Fröhlich: Selbstführung ist eng gebunden an die Möglichkeiten, sich medial darzustellen. Wer an sich arbeiten will, greift häufig auf Medien zurück - auf Tagebücher, Listen und Vorher-Nachher-Bilder, immer häufiger aber auch auf Schrittzähler oder Diät-Apps. Die Studie analysiert die Rolle der Medien bei der Selbstführung, gibt einen Überblick über die Formen dieser medienbasierten Selbsttechnologien und beschreibt die wichtigen technischen Zäsuren der letzten zwei Jahrhunderte.
Subtexte der Menschheitsgeschichte
Authors: Kuhn Kristina
Published: August 2018

Von der Beobachtung ausgehend, dass sich Philosophien der Geschichte um 1800 in dezidiert unsystematischen Beyträgen formieren, untersucht Kristina Kuhn Subtexte von Menschheitsgeschichte(n) bei Immanuel Kant, Johann Gottfried Herder und Christoph Martin Wieland. Ihre produktive Relektüre des Verhältnisses von Philosophie und Literatur zeigt eine den Texten inhärente Selbsthistorisierung auf, die das Projekt aufgeklärter Geschichtsphilosophie kritisch in Frage stellt. Dabei führen Subtexte und Medien - wie intertextuelle Verweise, Fußnoten, Bildreferenzen - auf epistemologische sowie poetologische Grundlagen zurück, die den Hintergrund der metahistoriographischen Inszenierung des Historischen bilden.
Sichere Muße: Theaterarchitektur und Risiko im frühen 19. Jahrhundert
Authors: Fest Kerstin
Published: August 2018

Kerstin Fest untersucht am Beispiel von Debatten über Theaterarchitektur im frühen 19. Jahrhundert in England den Zusammenhang ästhetischer und pragmatischer Fragestellungen. Die Ästhetik des Raumes ist dabei stets mit Aspekten der Sicherheit verknüpft. Fest zeigt anhand dreier Fallbeispiele, dass Architekturkritiker nicht nur das tatsächliche materielle Risiko von öffentlichen Theaterräumen (Theaterbrände waren keine Seltenheit) problematisieren, sondern dies auch mit der Idee des Dramas als (metaphorisch) riskanter Kunstform verschränken: Letztlich verleihen die Diskurse über Theaterbauten und ihre Risiken auch der Angst vor Veränderung Ausdruck und stellen sich der Frage, was eigentlich ein kulturelles Risiko ausmacht.
Zwischen individuellem und kollektivem Gedächtnis
Authors: Herlo Bianca
Published: August 2018

Die biografische Erzählung im Dokumentarfilm ist eine Spurensuche, aufgespannt zwischen den Koordinaten individuelle Erinnerung, Geschichte und Gedächtnis - und ihrer ästhetischen Verhandlung. Bianca Herlo zeichnet die Wechselwirkungen zwischen kollektivem und individuellem Gedächtnis und zeithistorischem biografischen Dokumentarfilm nach: Wie wird Vergangenheit dokumentarfilmisch verhandelt? Welche Auswirkungen hat dieses kraftvolle Erinnerungsmedium auf die Wahrnehmung historischer Vergangenheiten? Und nicht zuletzt: Welchen Einfluss hat diese Spielart des Dokumentarfilms auf eine aktive Gestaltung gegenwärtiger und zukünftiger Vorstellungs- und Handlungsräume?
Vom Nutzen und Nachteil der Ökonomik für das Leben
Authors: Hochmann Lars
Published: August 2018

Gleichmut ist die politische Signatur der gegenwärtigen Wissenschaft des Ökonomischen: Zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts sind die Wirtschaftswissenschaften durch einen Denkstil geprägt, der nicht nur übergriffig ist - er tendiert auch zur gewaltförmigen Durchsetzung geschichtsphilosophischer Eindeutigkeiten. Die gesellschaftliche Vollzugswirklichkeit dieses abtötenden Denkens charakterisiert sich als Abschaffung des politischen Streits und Ringens darum, diese Welt besser zu machen. Lars Hochmann weigert sich, diesen Skandal länger hinzunehmen: Für Optimismus zu skeptisch - jedoch nicht frei von Hoffnung und Lust -, zeigt er, dass und wie den Wirtschaftswissenschaften die Liebe zur Welt noch immer ein Weg sein kann.
HATAY DEVLETİ MİLLET MECLİSİ ÜZERİNDE CUMHURİYET HALK PARTİSİ VE TBMM’NİN ETKİLERİ
Authors: BALCI Meral
Published: August 2018

Mondros
Mütarekesi'nin sonrasında Fransız işgaline uğrayan İskenderun Sancağı (Hatay)
bölgesi 1921 yılında Türkiye ile Fransa arasında yapılan anlaşma ile Suriye'ye
bağlı, mandater, özerk bir bölge olarak tanımlanmıştır. Bu tarihten sonra hem
Ankara Hükümeti hem de Abdurrahman Melek, Tayfur Sökmen, Abdulgani Türkmen gibi
Hatay bölgesinin önde gelen isimleri Hatay'ın Türkiye topraklarına
katılabilmesi için yoğun çaba sarf etmişlerdir. 1937 yılında Milletler Cemiyeti
Sancak'a özel bir statü tanımış ve Sancak Anayasası oluşturulmuştur. Bunun yanı
sıra Sancak'ın geleceği hakkında karar verecek bir meclis oluşturabilmek adına
seçim yapılması öngörülmüştür. İlk
olarak, Hatay Halk Partisi kurulmuş, Hatay Millet Meclisi için seçim yapılmış
ve seçilen 40 milletvekilinin 22'si Türklerden oluşmuştur. Ayrıca,
Ankara Hükümeti ile doğrudan temas halinde olan Hatay’ın ileri gelen Türkleri
Hatay Devleti’nin en üst makamlarında bulunmuşlardır. Hatay
Hükümeti’nin Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi programına benzer bir program oluşturması
ve Hatay Millet Meclisi'nin 1924 Anayasası’na benzer yasalar çıkarmaları gibi
gelişmeler Hatay Millet Meclisi'nin Türkiye'ye katılma kararı alacağının
habercisi olmuştur.
FİNANSMAN ŞİRKETLERİNDE İÇ KONTROL YAPISI YÖNTEMİ
Authors: TÜREDİ Hasan , TEPEGÖZ Şükrü Mete
Published: August 2018

﻿İktisadi faaliyetlerin gelişmesi, mali sisteme
kaynak sağlayan yeni kurumlar ve uygulamaların ortaya çıkmasını sağlamıştır.
Finansman şirketleri, mali sisteme kaynak sağlayan banka dışı kuruluşlardır. Bu
kuruluşlar, 6361 sayılı Finansal Kiralama, Faktoring ve Finansman
Şirketleri Kanunu ile düzenlenmiştir.  Finansman şirketleri,
alıcılara vadeli ödeme imkanı tanıyan, satıcı işletmenin mal bedelini peşin
tahsil etmesine aracılık eden kuruluşlardır. Finansman şirketleri
aracılığıyla kaynak sağlanması yöntemi üretime ve harcamalar yoluyla iktisadi
büyümeye destek veren olumlu bir uygulamadır. Bu nedenle üzerinde daha fazla
çalışılması gereken bir alan olduğu düşünülmektedir.Finansal Kiralama,
Faktoring ve Finansman Şirketleri Kanununun 14. maddesinde, finansal
kuruluşların faaliyetlerinin etkin ve verimli şekilde yürütülmesi için bir iç
kontrol yapısı oluşturulmasının önemli olduğu vurgulanmaktadır.Çalışmada,
finansman şirketleri için uygulanabilir etkin iç kontrol yapısı yöntemi
önerilmektedir. Sağlıklı bir iç kontrol yapısının kurulması ve uygulaması, mali
kaynak sağlayan işletmeler kadar, genel iktisadi yapının sağlıklı işlemesi
açısından da önem arz etmektedir.
TURİSTİK TATMİNİN DESTİNASYON İMAJI VE SUBJEKTİF BİLGİ ARACILIĞIYLA AĞIZDAN AĞIZA PAZARLAMA ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİNİN YAPISAL EŞİTLİK MODELİ İLE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ÇOKBİLEN ERDOĞAN Ecem , ÜLKER DEMİREL Elif , YILDIZ Erkan
Published: August 2018

Kültürel ve tarihi zenginliği ile son
yıllarda artan bir turizm ilgisine ev sahipliği yapmakta olan Edirne’ye yönelik
yapılan bu araştırmanın amacı turistik tatminin, turistlerin destinasyona
yönelik subjektif bilgileri, destinasyon imajı ve ağızdan ağıza pazarlama (WOM)
üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Bu amaçla Edirne’yi en az bir kez turistik
amaçlı ziyaret etmiş turistlere yönelik yapılan çalışma ile 639 kullanılabilir
anket elde edilmiş ve veriler yapısal eşitlik modeli aracılığıyla analiz
edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda turistlerin ziyaretlerinin tatmin edici
olmasının zihinlerinde Edirne imajı ve tavsiye davranışları üzerinde etkisi
olduğu görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte Edirne’yi ziyaret eden turistlere şehrin
dokusunun ve kültürel zenginliğinin etkin bir şekilde aktarılması, şehrin kültürel
anlamda çekici bir destinasyon olarak konumlandırılması açısından önemlidir.
Turistlerin güzel bir deneyim yaşamalarını sağlamak amacıyla ziyaretçilerin
odağı Edirne’ye dair geleneksel turistik öğelerin yanı sıra, Edirne’nin farklı
kültürel zenginliklerine çekilmesi ve bu çeşitliliğin deneyimlenmesinin
sağlanması önerilebilir. Bu durumun, insanların Edirne deneyimlerinin ve şehre
dair sübjektif bilgilerinin farklılaşmasını ve özgünleşmesini, dolayısıyla
tatmin düzeylerinin yükselmesini ve zihinlerdeki Edirne imajının olumlu yönde
biçimlenmesini sağlayacağı öngörülmektedir.
Properties of AlSi9Cu3 metal matrix micro and nano composites produced via stir casting
Authors: Ünal Tennur Gülşen , Diler Ege Anıl
Published: August 2018

The effects of micro and nano sized reinforcement particles on microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminium alloy-based metal matrix composites were investigated in this study. AlSi9Cu3 alloy was reinforced with micro and nano sized ceramic reinforcement particles at different weight fractions by using a stir casting method. The mechanical tests (hardness, three point bending) were performed to determine the mechanical properties of AlSi9Cu3 alloy-based microcomposites (AMMCs) and nanocomposites (AMMNCs). The experimental results have shown that the size and weight fraction of reinforcement particles have a strong influence on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of AlSi9Cu3 alloy-based microcomposites and nanocomposites. The relative densities of all AMMC and AMMNC samples are lower than unreinforced AlSi9Cu3 alloy due to porosity formation with the increase of weight fraction of reinforcement particles. As weight fraction increases, hardness values of AMMCs and AMMNCs increase. Maximum flexural strength can be obtained at 3.5wt.% for the AMMC sample with microsized Al2O3 particles and at 2wt.% for the AMMNC sample with nano-sized Al2O3 particles. After the weight fractions exceed these values, flexural strengths of both AMMCs and AMMNCs decrease due to clustering of Al2O3 particles.
Complex structures on the complexification of a real Lie algebra
Authors: Yamada Takumi
Published: August 2018

Let g = a+b be a Lie algebra with a direct sum decomposition such that a and b are Lie subalgebras. Then, we can construct an integrable complex structure J̃ on h = ℝ(gℂ) from the decomposition, where ℝ(gℂ) is a real Lie algebra obtained from gℂby the scalar restriction. Conversely, let J̃ be an integrable complex structure on h = ℝ(gℂ). Then, we have a direct sum decomposition g = a + b such that a and b are Lie subalgebras. We also investigate relations between the decomposition g = a + b and dim Hs.t
∂̄
J̃ (hℂ).
A novel photoelectrode of NiO@ZnO nanocomposite prepared by Pechini method coupled with PLD for efficiency enhancement in DSSCs
Authors: Nada Amr A. , Selim Hanaa , Bechelany Mikhael
Published: August 2018

The dye-sensitized solar cells made of NiO@ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by a novel Pechini route using different NiO molar concentration ratios. The thermal, structural morphological, optical and electrical properties of the prepared samples were investigated using thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetery (TGA/DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy, UV-diffuse reflectance (UV-DRS), photoluminescence (PL) and current-voltage (I-V) measurements. The success of doping process was confirmed by the XRD patterns, which revealed the existence of new peak at 43.2° corresponding to secondary phase NiO. UV spectra exhibited red shifts in NiO doped ZnO NCs and PL spectra showed strong emission band at 355 nm. The doping of ZnO with NiO was intended to enhance the surface defects of ZnO. The current-voltage measurements showed an improvement of the short circuit photocurrent (Jsc) and fill factor (FF) and a decrease in the open circuit voltage (VOC) for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) based on NiO-ZnO NCs. A clear enhancement in efficiency of DSSC from 1.26±0.10 % for pure ZnO to 3.01±0.25 % for NiO-ZnO NCs at the optimum doping with 1.5 mol% of NiO to ZnO (ZN1.5) was observed. The obtained material can be a suitable candidate for photovoltaic applications.
Accurate determination of pesticides, hormones and endocrine disruptor compounds in complex environmental samples using matrix dilution and matrix matching with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction
Authors: Chormey Dotse Selali , Fırat Merve , Büyükpınar Çağdaş , Erulaş Fatih , Komesli Okan Tarık , Turak Fatma , Bakırdere Sezgin
Published: August 2018

Quantitative determination of contaminants in environmental samples is usually hampered by low analyte recovery which results from the complex nature of the sample matrix. This study presents the application of a developed dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method for the determination of 12 analytes in environmental samples including sea water, fresh water (lake, well and tap water), brackish water and soil samples. Matrix matched standards were used to compensate for the low analyte recovery recorded by the conventional calibration method. The effect of matrix dilution on analyte recovery was also tested. All matrix matched and matrix diluted spiked recoveries were done concurrently with calibration standards prepared in deionized water. Percent recoveries recorded for the analytes according to deionized water calibration standards ranged between 66 and 137%. Matrix matching and matrix dilution yielded close to 100% recovery results, but the later lowered the detection limit according to the dilution factor.
Deliberat Nero: una declamazione ‘nascosta’ in Suet. Ner. 47.2
Authors: Mancini Alessio
Published: August 2018

In a passage of the Life of Nero (Suet. Ner. 47.2) concerning the emperor’s indecision over what to do after the revolt of the provincial armies, it can clearly be seen that there is an influence from an argumentative structure particular to a certain type of deliberative oratory, the suasoria triplex. This influence may be due simply to Suetonius’ familiarity with the declamatory exercises in vogue at the rhetorical schools, but some hints allow us to suppose the existence of a suasoria theme that took as its subject this very episode in the life of the emperor.
Influence of Aging on Healing of Asphalt Binder
Authors: Mannan Umme Amina , Tarefder Rafiqul A.
Published: August 2018

This study investigates the effect of aging on the healing behavior of asphalt binder. Asphalt binders were subjected to the different types of aging in a laboratory to simulate the field aging. In this study, Rolling Thin-Film Oven, Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV), and double PAV were used to condition the binder in the laboratory. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis was used to identify the change in the functional groups of the asphalt binder that is due to aging. Dynamic Shear Rheometer was used for the healing (fatigue with rest period) test at different rest periods. Also, the tack test was used to evaluate the change in the cohesion of the binder that was due to aging. Finally, the healing test data were fitted to a physicochemical healing model developed by Wool and O’Connor. This model divides the overall binder healing into two parts: instant healing and long-term healing. Results show that the overall healing decreases because of aging, and the long-term healing rate is inversely proportional to the sulfoxide groups in the aged binder. Aging causes a reduction in both the instant and the long-term healing by reducing the molecular mobility and the long-chained molecular structure of the asphalt binders. In summary, the healing of asphalt binder deteriorates when the binder is aged.
Performance Evaluation of Metallic and Synthetic Fiber Hybridization on the Cyclic Behavior of Exterior Beam-Column Joint
Authors: Siva Chidambaram R. , Agarwal Pankaj
Published: August 2018

The influence of different fiber profiles and fiber hybridization on the cyclic behavior of an exterior beam-column joint is experimentally studied and compared with conventional specimens. In the beam-column joint, the joint region concrete is substituted with fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC)/hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete (HyFRC) and tested under reverse cyclic loading to examine the inelastic response. The physical properties of composites employed are examined using cylindrical specimens under uniaxial compression. The stress–strain behavior shows tremendous difference in peak and post-peak strength and strain with respect to the volume and type of fibers in the composites. The test results of joint specimens validate that the hybridization of polypropylene fiber with metallic fiber offers better shear resistance and also improves the damage tolerance capacity like high-volume FRC specimens without critical joint detailing. The damping and energy dissipation response of FRC/HyFRC specimens clearly show that the need for seismic detailing can be eliminated using FRC/HyFRC.
The Effects of pH and Temperature on Compressive Strength of Synthetic Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Cylinders Exposed to Sulfuric Acid
Authors: Mahdavi Maziar , Abolmaali Ali , Ghahremannejad Masoud
Published: August 2018

Synthetic fibers are among the various types of fibers being used to improve the tensile behavior of concrete. They have a competitive edge over other fibers because they are resistant to most chemicals, which increases the durability. Acid attacks are one of the most threatening scenarios, especially for concrete sewer pipes and culverts. In this study, dry cast concrete cylinders, reinforced with two different volume fractions (0.52 % and 1.04 %) of polypropylene fibers, were constructed and immersed for four months in sulfuric acid solutions of two different pH and three different temperatures. The results showed that a fiber volume fraction of 1.04 % reduces the adverse effects of acid on the compressive strength of concrete, and higher temperatures and lower pH lead to extreme deterioration. The results of this study revealed that a pH of 2.5, along with the highest temperature, deteriorated the specimens more than twice as much as a pH of 4.5 at the lowest temperature.
Field Experimental of Eliminating Geomembrane Air Expansion by Vacuumizing for Plain Reservoir
Authors: Li Wang-lin , Li Zhi-qiang , Su Xiao-cheng , Xu Fang , Wei Ru-chun , Zhang Bo-fan
Published: August 2018

The geomembrane liner has been extensively utilized as a containment system for the construction of reservoirs, ponds, and lagoons. In the reservoirs that are completely lined with geomembranes, a number of factors could cause geomembrane air expansion, including the rising of groundwater level, a rapid decrease in the reservoir water level, and geomembrane defects. Geomembrane air expansion would increase the risk of failure of the geomembrane liner. At present, sand ditch exhaust systems are often employed to eliminate pore air pressure, however, the effect is not obvious. In this article, the method of vacuumizing is proposed to eliminate geomembrane air expansion. A field experiment was performed to verify the validity of the proposed method. Experimental results indicated that: (1) during the storage period of the plain reservoir, leakage water flowed into the sand ditch exhaust system, which would greatly reduce pore air exhaust efficiency of the sand ditch exhaust system; (2) the proposed method could be employed to suck out the pore air under geomembrane liner, and thus, the problem of geomembrane air expansion was solved effectively.
Testing and Analysis of Chen Chaotic Mapping for Speech Cryptography
Authors: Sathiyamurthi P. , Ramakrishnan S.
Published: August 2018

The attempts to improve the security of the speech signals are increasing with new encryption schemes. Many recent researches of speech encryption algorithms have been increasingly based on chaotic systems, but the drawbacks of weak security and small key space in one-dimensional chaotic cryptosystems are conspicuous. In this article, a new speech encryption scheme is used. It employs one of the three-dimensional chaotic systems to encrypt a source signal by permutations, thereby confusing the relationship between the cipher signal and the plain signal. A higher-order polynomial equation and rotating matrix are used to strengthen the proposed method. It significantly increases the resistance to attacks. The proposed system has the advantages of smaller iteration times and bigger key space. The system has entertained high-security analysis such as the signal-to-noise ratio, peak signal-to-noise ratio, auto correlation, key sensitivity analysis, number of sample change rate, unified average changing intensity, and histogram analysis. The analysis results illustrate that the proposed system is highly efficient and robust to threats.
Model Test Study on Horizontal Static Loading of Suction Bucket Foundation under Different Scour Conditions
Authors: Chen Xuguang , Xu Jianpeng , Qin Hongde , Zhou Lin , Ma Tianchi , Liu Xixi , Liu Jinzhong
Published: August 2018

Under a scouring action, scouring holes occur around a suction bucket foundation and have different depths and widths. The loss of soil in scouring holes causes changes in the stress history of the remaining soil. In this study, considering the stress history, scouring depth, scouring width, and length-diameter ratio, we conducted a horizontal static loading model test of a suction bucket foundation in sand. We obtained a variation law for the ultimate bearing capacity of the foundation considering three aspects: displacement change, soil pressure distribution, and turning point position. In addition, we summarized the relationship between horizontal loads and displacements at different aspect ratios. We also demonstrated the influence of scouring factors on the distribution of soil pressure and the rotation point and revealed the mechanism influencing the scouring depth, scouring width, and history of stress on the horizontal bearing capacity of a suction bucket foundation.
Cholecystokinin Switches the Plasticity of GABA Synapses in the Dorsomedial Hypothalamus via Astrocytic ATP Release
Authors: Crosby Karen M. , Murphy-Royal Ciaran , Wilson Sarah A. , Gordon Grant R. , Bains Jaideep S. , Pittman Quentin J.
Published: August 2018

Whether synapses in appetite-regulatory brain regions undergo long-term changes in strength in response to satiety peptides is poorly understood. Here we show that following bursts of afferent activity, the neuromodulator and satiety peptide cholecystokinin (CCK) shifts the plasticity of GABA synapses in the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus of male Sprague Dawley rats from long-term depression to long-term potentiation (LTP). This LTP requires the activation of both type 2 CCK receptors and group 5 metabotropic glutamate receptors, resulting in a rise in astrocytic intracellular calcium and subsequent ATP release. ATP then acts on presynaptic P2X receptors to trigger a prolonged increase in GABA release. Our observations demonstrate a novel form of CCK-mediated plasticity that requires astrocytic ATP release, and could serve as a mechanism for appetite regulation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSatiety peptides, like cholecystokinin, play an important role in the central regulation of appetite, but their effect on synaptic plasticity is not well understood. The current data provide novel evidence that cholecystokinin shifts the plasticity from long-term depression to long-term potentiation at GABA synapses in the rat dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. We also demonstrate that this plasticity requires the concerted action of cholecystokinin and glutamate on astrocytes, triggering the release of the gliotransmitter ATP, which subsequently increases GABA release from neighboring inhibitory terminals. This research reveals a novel neuropeptide-induced switch in the direction of synaptic plasticity that requires astrocytes, and could represent a new mechanism by which cholecystokinin regulates appetite.
Prostaglandin F2α promotes embryo implantation and development in the pig
Authors: Kaczyński Piotr , Baryla Monika , Goryszewska Ewelina , Bauersachs Stefan , WacŁawik Agnieszka
Published: August 2018

Successful establishment and development of pregnancy requires proper communication between developing conceptuses and the maternal reproductive tract. Prostaglandins are key players involved in the regulation of reproductive processes in mammals including pigs. Due to its luteolytic action, prostaglandin F2-alpha (PGF2α) is mainly considered as an undesirable factor during early pregnancy. However, its content in the uterine lumen is elevated in pigs and other mammals. Recently, we reported an important role of PGF2α in the endometrium during early pregnancy in the pig. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine whether PGF2α can act on porcine trophoblast and if so, to elucidate what effect it could exert. We detected increased expression of PGF2α receptor during the implantation period (from day 14 until day 19 of pregnancy). Global gene expression profiling using microarrays and quantitative PCR studies revealed that PGF2α acting on porcine trophoblast cells in vitro alters expression of genes potentially involved in processes related to implantation, such as: cell proliferation, focal adhesion, extracellular matrix binding, cell migration, cytoskeleton organization, immune interactions, ion homeostasis, and lipid metabolism. Using primary porcine trophoblast cells, we demonstrated that PGF2α stimulated trophoblast cell proliferation and adhesion to extracellular matrix protein. This was likely mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK1/3) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) since we observed increased phosphorylation of MAPK1/3 and FAK in trophoblast cells treated with PGF2α. To conclude, the present report indicates a novel role for PGF2α in the porcine conceptus as a para- and autocrine factor supporting pregnancy establishment.
Gestión socioambiental sustentable en la comunidad Ixil De Chel, Chajul, Él Quiché Guatemala. Estudio de caso: hidroeléctrica comunitaria
Authors: Cruz Herrera Candelario Elías , Lara Ponce Estuardo , Ramírez Valverde Benito
Published: August 2018

La gestión socioambiental sirve como instrumento de diagnóstico y planificación para la resolución de los problemas medioambientales y sociales, basados en objetivos, normas, programas, estrategias, metodologías, información y educación. El objetivo del trabajo consiste en la descripción y análisis del manejo, administración, conservación y aprovechamiento del recurso hídrico para la generación de energía, por medio de la construcción de una planta hidroeléctrica en la comunidad Ixil, en El Quiché Guatemala, donde la experiencia local alcanza un bienestar social, económico y ambiental. La metodología empleada consideró un enfoque cualitativo descriptivo, que analizó a través de talleres con grupos focales, el efecto de la gestión de los bienes naturales en el desarrollo generado en la comunidad. Los resultados identificaron que la Micro Central Hidroeléctrica aprovecha el potencial hídrico del arroyo Xesayí, el tipo de generación es a filo de agua, la potencia nominal de la planta es de 165 kW y la producción anual de energía es 1,23 MWh/año, la oferta de energía beneficia a 1566 familias de 10 comunidades del Municipio de Chajul. Los instrumentos de la gestión ambiental que aseguraron el éxito de la planta comunitaria, fueron la evaluación de impacto ambiental, la participación de la población y la educación; estos ejes vinculados lograron impactos favorables en lo económico, social, cultural y ambiental. Se describe el proceso de manejo, conservación y aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales, que brinda un mejor estilo de vida y de la capacidad de gobernarse a sí mismos.
Lung Ultrasound Score Predicts Surfactant Need in Extremely Preterm Neonates
Authors: De Martino Lucia , Yousef Nadya , Ben-Ammar Rafik , Raimondi Francesco , Shankar-Aguilera Shivani , De Luca Daniele
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

There are several lung ultrasound scores (LUS) for evaluating lung aeration in critically ill adults with restrictive lung disorders. A modified LUS adapted for neonates correlates well with oxygenation and is able to be used to predict the need for surfactant in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). However, no data are available for extremely preterm neonates for whom timely surfactant administration is especially important. We hypothesized that LUS might be reliable in extremely preterm neonates with RDS who are treated with continuous positive airway pressure. We aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of LUS in predicting the need for surfactant treatment and re-treatment in this population.

METHODS:

We performed a prospective cohort diagnostic accuracy study between 2015 and 2016 in a tertiary-care academic center. Inborn neonates at ≤30 weeks’ gestation with RDS treated with continuous positive airway pressure were eligible. Surfactant was given on the basis of oxygen requirement thresholds derived from European guidelines, and a LUS was not used to guide surfactant treatment. We calculated the LUS after admission and analyzed its diagnostic accuracy to predict surfactant treatment and re-treatment.

RESULTS:

We enrolled 133 infants; 68 (51%) received 1 dose of surfactant and 19 (14%) received 2 surfactant doses. A LUS is significantly correlated with oxygenation index (ρ = 0.6; P < .0001) even after adjustment for gestational age (P < .0001). A LUS can be used to accurately predict the need for the first surfactant dose (area under the curve = 0.94; 95% confidence interval: 0.90–0.98; P < .0001) and also the need for surfactant redosing (area under the curve = 0.803; 95% confidence interval: 0.72–0.89; P < .0001). The global accuracy for the prediction of surfactant treatment and re-treatment is 89% and 72%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

LUS may be used to predict the need for surfactant replacement in extremely preterm neonates with RDS.