bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Political Economy of the Chinese Market Economy Status given by Argentina and Brazil
Authors: Urdinez Francisco
Published: July 2015

When China signed a Protocol of Accession to the World Trade Organization in December 2001, other country members were allowed to consider China as a Non-Market Economy until the end of 2016. Taking into account this restraint, the aim of this paper is to answer the following question: can the Market Economy Status Recognition (MES) be measured by a de-facto compliance? The variable used to measure the compliance is the number of antidumping investigations initiated by each country. Hence, the countries which recognize China as a market economy would have a fewer antidumping investigations than the countries that are still treating Beijing as a Non Market Economy, which is the key reason of why the Chinese Government has been campaigning vigorously since 2001 to gain a MES status by a larger number of its economic partners.
Madres comunitarias: un caso paradigmático de la forma en que el derecho produce identidades
Authors: Pinzón Manuel Ricardo
Published: July 2015

In 2012, because of judgment T-628 of that year, the 1607 Act was issued, whose Article 36 would radically change the status of community mothers in Colombia, as it regulates their employment status. The change came after many years of struggle. This article analyzes the legal status of community mothers in the years before the enactment of the law, from the perspective of gender, using various feminist positions. It aims to show how a public policy as the ICBF community homes, which featured a patriarchal and contingent world view, which locates women in work within the home, played an influential role in building the female identity, and perpetuated a system of specific domination.
¿Podemos seguir hablando de “la mujer” como sujeto del discurso feminista?: Reflexiones a la luz de los discursos de padres separados
Authors: Garzón Segura Anni Marcela
Published: July 2015

This paper presents reflects upon the subject of feminist discourse based on the discourses of colombian male separated parents about changes in men and women and their perceptions of politics and equality. These discourses were obtained throughout a mixed research with 88 separated parents, ten of whom were interviewed in search of their perceptions from his experience of marital separation. The paper begins with the historical construction of feminism and ends with the discussion on the tensions and agreements with the groups of men and new masculinities.
The impact of Economic liberalization on Gender equality in Colombia
Authors: Méndez Diana Marcela
Published: July 2015

This paper aims to analyze the impact of the economic liberalization on the performance of gender equality indicators in Colombia. The examination includes multiple dimensions such as access to labor market, schooling, health services and political participation. As a resource it was used the database of the United Nations, as well as the statistics of some Colombian government entities. The results indicate that the opening to foreign markets brought new opportunities for women to participate in the labor market and to improve their educational levels. However, they are still victims of gender disparities, which are manifested in terms of income and employment quality. Women have lower wages than men and are more likely to work in the less productive sectors. Educational level and economic autonomy are strongly correlated with health conditions, domestic violence and women´s empowerment. Less educated women have higher fertility and mortality rates, are more vulnerable to domestic violence and continue to have low participation in political parties. Most of the causes of this situation are associated to roles, abilities and skills related to gender. In spite of several policies, there is a considerable necessity of structural changes to fulfill the targets.
Novas problemáticas sociais: o uso do crack em mulheres e a perspectiva de gênero
Authors: Limberger Jéssica , Andretta Ilana
Published: July 2015

The objective of this work is to understand the use of crack in women, their life stories and clinical characteristics from a gender perspective. This is a case study of qualitative character. The participant Maria, a pregnant crack user, was in hospital. Her story was permeated by violence, vulnerabilities and family difficulties. Through the instruments (semi-structured interviews and clinical and Cognitive Screening), revealed a preserved cognitive functions, generalized anxiety disorder, episode (hypo)maniac past, and antisocial personality disorder. Prejudice made the access to treatment difficult, requiring social character interventions, with specific treatments for women who use crack.
Aportes de las académicas latinoamericanas para comprender las acciones colectivas de las mujeres
Authors: Ibarra Melo María Eugenia
Published: July 2015

This article presents a review of academic work on the political participation of women in collective action promoted by social organizations, networks, and the movement of women and feminist in Latin America and Colombia, published in the period from 1990 to 2014. This approach gives priority to the analysis of the content of the texts, it focuses on the way as their authors build objects of research, and on the theoretical references and contributions to the knowledge of the relationship gender and collective action. The different national and regional experiences reported by these studies provide a wealth of descriptive and analytical material. However, based on these findings, the article concludes that it is necessary to enlarge the interpretations about the importance that gender changes have in political culture.
“Family” as a legal concept
Authors: Jaramillo Sierra Isabel Cristina , Alviar Helena
Published: July 2015

The concept of “family” plays an important role in the way national legal regimes distribute both power and resources. However, the idea of what a family is or should be is not univocal for all branches of law. In this paper we wish to contribute to feminist thinking about the law and to legal theory in general, by showing the contradictions and gaps in law’s incorporation of the legal concept of the family and their distributive impact. We use the notion of conceptual fragmentation to refer to the irregular manner in which family as a legal concept lands into the realms of diverse fields of law at different moments in time and with different emphasis. We argue that conceptual fragmentation makes connections through time and subject matter invisible, and therefore makes it harder to have a critique of the role of the family, treated as a legal concept, in the oppression of women. We establish that conceptual fragmentation is not irrational or incoherent but rather patterned in ways that correspond to the losses of women in contemporary societies. We use the case of colombian law to illustrate the stakes involved in defining the family and the operations that we call fragmentation. In particular, we explain how family law exceptionalism was produced, the importance of the legal concept of the family within family law and its ambivalence as to the proper definition, and the evolution of the concept of family within social policy. We argue that even if the stakes of the family seem to be all for same sex couples, in so far as “family” is still about reproduction and distribution, we should be vigilant about how women fare in the conceptual turns that seek to bring us closer to the natural family.
Prophetic social sciences: toward an Islamic-based transformative social sciences
Authors: ZTF Pradana Boy
Published: July 2015

This article discusses of one of the most important type of social sciences developed
in Indonesian context. In the midst of debate between Western secular
social sciences and Islamic social sciences, Kuntowijoyo offered a genuine yet
critical formula of social sciences. The formula called Ilmu Sosial Profetik (ISP)
attempted to build a bridge between secular social science and Islamic inclination
of social science. This article describes the position of ISP in the context of
critical position of Muslim social scientists on the hegemony and domination of
Orientalist tendency in studying Islam. At the end, the author offers a conclusion
that ISP can actually be regarded as Islamic-based transformative science that
can be further developed for a genuine indigenous theory of social sciences from
the Third World.
Artikel ini membahas salah satu tipe paling penting dari ilmu-ilmu sosial yang
dikembangkan dalam konteks Indonesia. Di tengah perdebatan antara ilmu-ilmu
sosial Barat sekuler dan ilmu social Islam, Kuntowijoyo menawarkan formula
yang orisinal dan kritis dalam ilmu sosial. Formula yang kemudian disebut dengan
Ilmu Sosial Profetik (ISP) berusaha untuk membangun jembatan antara ilmu sosial sekuler dan kecenderungan untuk melakukan Islamisasi ilmu sosial. Artikel
ini menjelaskan posisi ISP dalam konteks posisi kritis ilmuwan sosial Muslim pada
hegemoni dan dominasi kecenderungan orientalis dalam mempelajari Islam. Pada
akhirnya, penulis menawarkan kesimpulan bahwa ISP sebenarnya dapat dianggap
sebagai ilmu sosial transformatif berbasis Islam yang dapat dikembangkan lebih
lanjut sebagai teori sosial yang berkembang dari Dunia Ketiga.
Democracy in Islam: comparative study of Muhammad Abid al-Jabiri and Abdolkarim Soroush’s thoughts
Authors: Susanto Happy
Published: July 2015

Using analytic and interpretative approaches, this research compares al-Jabiri
and Soroush’s thoughts about democracy in Islam. To assess Islam’s compatibility
with democracy, this thesis will analyze the issues of authority, sharia, and
freedom according to the two scholars. Al-Jabiri and Soroush agree that the
concept of authority in Islam cannot be interpreted simply as God’s sovereignty,
but it also concerns human rights and sovereignty. A leader put justice as his/her
central concern in practicing policies for citizens. To pursue this hope, they also
propose that sharia should be reinterpreted in order to be harmonizing in accordance
changing circumstances and time. Al-Jabiri has different understanding
with Soroush about the relationship between religion and state. Al-Jabiri sees
that Muslims are free to choose democracy as their political life. He doesn’t
agree the integration of religion and state. In this case, he doesn’t agree the
implementation of sharia in the state. Meanwhile Soroush sees that religion has
an important role in the state, so that he agrees the implementation of sharia
because according to him it supports the political process of the state.

Muhammad Abid al-Jabiri dan Abdolkarim Soroush merupakan intelektual Muslim
yang memandang bahwa Islam kompatibel dengan demokrasi, dan keduanya
termasuk dalam kelompok moderat. Untuk menguji apakah Islam kompatibel
dengan demokrasi, artikel ini menganalisis isu-isu otoritas, syariah, dan kebebasan
menurut pandangan kedua tokoh tersebut. Kedua intelektual itu memiliki
pandangan filosofis yang sejalan tentang ide demokrasi dalam Islam. Misalnya,
konsep otoritas dalam Islam tidak saja dipahami sebagai bentuk kedaulatan Tuhan,
namun yang lebih penting bahwa konsep ini juga memerhatikan aspek hak dan
kedaulatan manusia. Syariah perlu direinterpretasi agar sesuai dengan konteks
perubahan zaman dan dapat mengarah pada pencapaian tujuannya. Perbedaan
keduanya terletak pada relasi agama-negara. Dalam hal ini, al-Jabiri memiliki
pandangan yang “liberal” bahwa konsep sebuah negara tidak perlu berdasarkan
identitas agama. Umat Islam diberikan kebebasan penuh untuk menjalankan
kehidupan politiknya, tanpa terbebani oleh rujukan teks-teks Islam yang masih
diperdebatkan. Dengan demikian, ia memandang bahwa penerapan syariah dalam
sebuah negara tidak perlu karena sesungguhnya syariah belum penah diterapkan
secara sempurna. Sedangkan Soroush berpandangan sebaliknya bahwa identitas
agama perlu ditambatkan ke dalam ide sebuah negara (demokrasi).
Islamic eco-cosmology in Ikhwan al-Safa’s view
Authors: Darras Muhammad Abdullah
Published: July 2015

This research aims to describe the root cause of ecological crisis happening atthe moment in terms of the cosmological-metaphysical views, by doing researchon the thoughts of a classical Muslim philosophical scientist group in 10th centuryAD called Ikhwan al-Safa’. To the author, Ikhwan al-Safa’ has a clear idea inviewing the universe holistically and intact as it is. Actually, this non-reductiveview was the typical main feature of medieval Islamic classical thought. However,the main reason of choosing the works of Ikhwan al-Safa’, especially their magnumopus Rasa>’il Ikhwa>n al-S{afa’> , in the research is that Ikhwan al-Safa’ has puta lot of attention on the “wisdom of universe” in the ontological and epistemologicalstructure of knowledge that were developed in their work. With the mainconcepts such Love of Universe and Soul of Universe, Ikhwan al-Safa’ have givena holistic vision about the wisdom of the universe and the wisdom of the environmentitself.Pengkajian dalam artikel ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan akar masalah terjadinyakrisis ekologi yang terjadi saat ini dengan berangkat dari titik pijak berdasarkanperspektif kosmologis-metafisik. Yakni dengan melakukan penelitian terhadappemikiran kosmologi kelompok keilmuan-filosofis muslim klasik abad ke-10 Myang bernama Ikhwan al-Safa’. Bagi penulis, Ikhwan al-Safa’ memiliki pemikiranyang jernih dalam melihat alam semesta. Yakni melihat alam secara holistik dan utuh sebagaimana adanya. Sebenarnya pandangan khas yang non-reduktif inimenjadi ciri utama pemikiran klasik Islam abad pertengahan. Namun pemilihanpenelitian terhadap pemikiran Ikhwan al-Safa’ –terutama dalam karya magnumopusnyaRasa>’il Ikhwa>n al-S{afa>’ ini, lebih disebabkan karena kelompok ini bagipenulis, telah menaruh perhatian yang sangat kuat terhadap “kearifan alam”dalam struktur ontologis dan epistemologis keilmuan yang dikembangkan dalamkarya mereka. Dengan menguraikan beberapa konsep utama dalam kosmologiIkhwan al-Safa’, seperti alam sebagai sebuah kesatuan, jiwa semesta, dan cintasemesta, kita akan melihat bagaimana Ikhwan al-Safa’ memberikan sebuah visiholistik mengenai kearifan alam semesta dan kearifan lingkungan itu sendiri.
Muslims in Britain: questioning Islamic and national identity
Authors: Nur Fuad Ai Fatimah
Published: July 2015

Islamic identity has been a central issue since the emergence of Islam in theseventh century. Muslims have been interacted with many symbols of religiousidentity since this early time of Islam. Every generation of Muslims has their ownway to show their religious identity. Muslims in Britain are also still continuing tosearch for religious identity. They seek to re-evaluate their identity and constructa sense of what it means to be a Muslim in Britain today. This article would like toelaborate several discussions on Muslims’ identities in Britain. There are twodifferent opinions on this issue. The first opinion comes from Muslims who believethat a Muslim individual should choose to be either a Muslim or a British.They argue that national values differ from religious norms. The second, however,states that one Muslim can be both a Muslim and a British at the same time.For them, there is no contradiction between being a Muslim and being a Britishcitizen. They argue that nationality and faith can be combined in Muslim individualswho live in Britain.Identitas keIslaman telah menjadi isu utama sejak awal kemunculan Islam padaawal ketujuh Masehi. Sejak awal, Muslim sudah berinteraksi dengan berbagaisymbol identitas keagamaan. Setiap generasi Muslim memiliki cara tersendiriuntuk menunjukkan identitas kegamaan mereka. Begitu juga dengan generasi Muslim saat ini di Inggris, mereka masih mencari identitas keagamaan mereka.Mereka berusaha mengevaluasi kembali dan mencari makna bagaimana menjadiMuslim di Inggris. Artikel ini ingin mengelaborasi beberapa diskusi mengenaiidentitas Muslim di Inggris. Terdapat dua perbedaan pandangan terkait hal ini.Pendapat pertama datang dari Muslim yang percaya bahwa seorang Muslim harusmemilih menjadi Muslim atau seorang warga Inggris. Mereka berpendapat bahwanilai-nilai nasional Inggris berbeda dari norma-norma agama. Namun yang kedua,menyatakan bahwa seorang Muslim bisa menjadi Muslim Inggris pada waktubersamaan. Bagi mereka, tidak ada perbedaan untuk menjadi Muslim atau menjadiwarga Negara Inggris. Mereka berpendapat bahwa keimanan dan nasionalismebisa disatukan dalam diri seorang Muslim yang tinggal di Inggris.
Islam and politics: political attitudes of the elites in Muhammadiyah 1998-2010
Authors: Al-Hamdi Ridho
Published: July 2015

This study examines the roles of political elites in the Muhammadiyah in facing
the dynamics Muslim politics in post New Order regime. There are three issues
discussed: the emergence of Islamic political parties, the desire to implement
the Jakarta charter as a state ideology, and the rise of terrorism. The result of
the study demonstrated that there are four variants of the political attitudes of
the elites in Muhammadiyah in post-New Order regime: 1) transformative-ideal-
istic; 2) moderate-idealistic, 3) realistic-critical, and 4) accommodative-prag-
matic. The variations are deeply influenced by two main factors: the sociological
background and organizational factor.
Penelitian ini menguji peran elit politik dalam Muhammadiyah dalam menghadapi
dinamika politik Muslim pada era  rezim pasca Orde Baru. Ada tiga isu yang
dibahas: munculnya partai-partai politik Islam, keinginan untuk melaksanakan
Piagam Jakarta sebagai ideologi negara, dan munculnya terorisme. Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan bahwa ada empat varian sikap politik para elite di Muhammadiyah
pada era  rezim pasca-Orde Baru: 1) transformatif-idealis; 2) moderat-idealis, 3) realistis-kritis, dan 4) akomodatif-pragmatis. Variasi ini  sangat dipengaruhi
oleh dua faktor utama, yaitu  latar belakang sosiologis dan faktor organisasi.
The Ash’arite dogma: the root of the Arab/Muslim absolutism
Authors: Mabrook Ali
Published: July 2015

This paper intends to initiate a serious step towards a critical investigation of the
discourse of absolutism. This paper suggests that this discourse finds its most
profound roots in the dogmatic system of the Ash’arites. Taking for granted that
this system is not only theological, the thesis argues that it was vulnerably usable
for ideological and political purposes. The analysis particularly focuses on tracing
the deep structure of the Ash’arite system that regulates some specific issues in
a hope to touch some of its ideological functions.
Tulisan ini bermaksud untuk memulai langkah serius terhadap penyelidikan kritis
mengenai wacana absolutisme. Makalah ini menunjukkan bahwa wacana ini
menemukan akar yang paling mendalam dalam sistem dogmatis dari Asy’ariyah.
Mengambil begitu saja bahwa sistem ini tidak hanya teologis, tesis dari paper ini
berpendapat bahwa absolutism Asy’ariyah rentan dapat digunakan untuk tujuan-
tujuan ideologis dan politis. Analisis ini terutama fokus pada upaya menelusuri
struktur dalam sistem Asy’ariyah yang mengatur beberapa isu tertentu dengan
harapan dapat menyentuh beberapa fungsi ideologinya.
Nationalism and Islam: Perspective of Egyptian and Syrian Muslim intellectuals
Authors: Ali Muhamad
Published: July 2015

The problem of the relationship between nationalism and Islam has historicallyrevealed dynamic discourses, but seems to have gained little attention.This problem is important not only in understanding the modern discourseon Islam and nationalism but also in promoting a dialogue between Islamand the West. This paper attempts to show how the best known of Muslimintellectuals from Egypt and Syria during the 19th and first half of the 20thcentury, managed to fuse Islamic concepts and nationalism together into asingle, unified discourse. This paper approaches the question in two differentways. In order to provide a context, the first section reviews how nationalismemerged and influenced the Muslims. The next section studies how Muslimintellectuals have responded to foreign ideas in general and nationalism inparticular, and how some of them have attempted to work out a compromisebetween nationalism and Islam.Masalah hubungan antara nasionalisme dan Islam secara historismengungkapkan wacana dinamis, tetapi tampaknya telah mendapatkan sedikitperhatian. Masalah ini penting tidak hanya dalam memahami wacana modernIslam dan nasionalisme, tetapi juga dalam mempromosikan dialog antara Islam dan Barat. Tulisan ini mencoba untuk menunjukkan bagaimana intelektualMuslim ternama dari Mesir dan Suriah pada paruh ke-19 dan awal abad ke-20,berhasil memadukan konsep-konsep Islam dan nasionalisme bersama-samamenjadi satu wacana. Makalah ini mendekati persoalan ini dengan dua carayang berbeda. Dalam rangka memberikan konteks, bagian pertama mereviewbagaimana nasionalisme muncul dan mempengaruhi umat Islam. Bagianberikutnya mempelajari bagaimana intelektual Muslim telah merespon ideideasing pada umumnya dan nasionalisme pada khususnya, dan bagaimanabeberapa dari mereka telah berusaha untuk bekerja untuk mengkompromikanantara nasionalisme dan Islam.
From occultism to hybrid Sufism: the transformation of an Islamic-hybrid spiritual group in contemporary Indonesia
Authors: Muttaqin Ahmad
Published: July 2015

This paper discuses transformation of an Islamic-Hybrid Spiritual group, the
Bhakti Nusantara (literally means ‘devotion to nation’), from spiritualitas kasar
[rough spirituality] of occult-based spirituality to the finer spirituality [spiritualitas
alus] which is linked to Sufi spiritual practices. Based on my field work in
Yogyakarta, in 2009 and 2010, the paper explains sociological context of group’s
institutional and spiritual transformation amid contemporary Islamic revival
and modernizing process of the country. It then argues that the transformation
of the group was driven by the logic for presenting spiritual heritages that
are practically appropriate for modern life and which also fit religiously with
orthodox Islam. Both the institutional transformation and the change of spiritual
orientation of the group mark BN, as a hybrid spiritual group, to actively
involve in the opportunities of modernity, instead of resisting the challenges
and pressures of modern life.
Tulisan ini membahas proses transformasi dalam sebuah kelompok spiritualitas
hybrida bernama Bhakti Nusantara (BN) dari “spiritualitas kasar” yang terkait dengan praktik klenik-kejawen ke spiritualitas halus yang berbasis pada praktif
tasawuf/Sufisme. Berdasar hasil riset lapangan di Yogyakarta tahun 2009 dan
2010, paper ini mencoba mengungkap konteks sosiologis dari transformasi
kelembagaan maupun perubahan orientasi spiritualnya di tengah proses
modernisasi dan kebangkitan Islam di Indonesia pasca reformasi. Transformasi
dari spiritualitas kasar ke spiritualitas halus ini terjadi, diantaranya, dilatari
oleh nalar untuk menyesuaiakn praktik dan layanan spiritual agar lebih sesuai
dengan alam pikiran dan kebutuhan manusia modern dan praktik spiritual
yang tidak bertentangan dengan ortodoksi keberagaan umat Islam. Transformasi
yang terjadi di BN telah mengantarkan kelompok spiritualitas hibrida ini untuk
menawarakan formula spiritual yang lebih pro aktif dalam menyongsong peluang
yang ditawarkan modernitas, bukan formula spiritualitas untuk melawan
tantangan dan menghidnari tekanan kehidupan modern.
Model of strategies in developing Islamic thought through curriculum: a study of Sumatra Thawalib
Authors: Saerozi Muh
Published: July 2015

This paper describes the models of strategies for developing of Islamic thoughtsthrough curriculum discovered by Sumatera Thawalib. Sumatera Thawalib isthe study centre of development of Islamic thought in Sumatera. The studyuses a historical approach and covers the history during 1900 to 1942. Thestudy centre is well known as part of modern Islamic movement. However, itsstrategy in thought development is not linear with the strategy of modernIslamic movement. In practical, Thawalib is in line with the model of neomodernstrategy. The developing of Thawalib Islamic thought does not necessarilylead Thawalib scholars to invalidate the works of classical scholars. However,the thought leads them to appreciate and posits the works of classicalscholars as a guidance to scaffold students’ thought to be more rational anddynamic. Thawalib strategy has proven that it gives significant contribution tothe development of reforming Islamic thought in Indonesia.Makalah ini menjelaskan model strategi untuk mengembangkan pemikiranIslam melalui kurikulum yang dikembangkan oleh Sumatera Thawalib.Sumatera Thawalib adalah pusat studi pengembangan pemikiran Islam diSumatera. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan historis dan mencakupsejarah selama 1900 sampai 1942. Organisasi ini dikenal sebagai bagian darigerakan Islam modern. Namun, strategi dalam pengembangan pemikiran tidaklinier dengan strategi gerakan Islam modern. Dalam praktek, Thawalib inisejalan dengan model strategi neo-modern. Perkembangan Thawalib dalampemikiran Islam tidak selalu membawa para ulama Thawalib untuk membatalkankarya ulama klasik. Namun, pikiran itu membuat mereka menghargai danberpendapat bahwa karya-karya ulama klasik dapat dijadikan sebagai pedomanpemikiran siswa agar menjadi lebih rasional dan dinamis. Strategi Thawalibtelah membuktikan bahwa hal itu memberikan kontribusi yang signifikanterhadap perkembangan reformasi pemikiran Islam di Indonesia.
A novel soil manganese mechanism drives plant species loss with increased nitrogen deposition in a temperate steppe
Authors: Tian Qiuying , Liu Nana , Bai Wenming , Li Linghao , Chen Jiquan , Reich Peter B. , Yu Qiang , Guo Dali , Smith Melinda D. , Knapp Alan K. , Cheng Weixin , Lu Peng , Gao Yan , Yang An , Wang Tianzuo , Li Xin , Wang Zhengwen , Ma Yibing , Han Xingguo , Zhang Wen‐Hao
Published: July 2015

Loss of plant diversity with increased anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition in grasslands has occurred globally. In most cases, competitive exclusion driven by preemption of light or space is invoked as a key mechanism. Here, we provide evidence from a 9‐yr N‐addition experiment for an alternative mechanism: differential sensitivity of forbs and grasses to increased soil manganese (Mn) levels. In Inner Mongolia steppes, increasing the N supply shifted plant community composition from grass–forb codominance (primarily Stipa krylovii and Artemisia frigida, respectively) to exclusive dominance by grass, with associated declines in overall species richness. Reduced abundance of forbs was linked to soil acidification that increased mobilization of soil Mn, with a 10‐fold greater accumulation of Mn in forbs than in grasses. The enhanced accumulation of Mn in forbs was correlated with reduced photosynthetic rates and growth, and is consistent with the loss of forb species. Differential accumulation of Mn between forbs and grasses can be linked to fundamental differences between dicots and monocots in the biochemical pathways regulating metal transport. These findings provide a mechanistic explanation for N‐induced species loss in temperate grasslands by linking metal mobilization in soil to differential metal acquisition and impacts on key functional groups in these ecosystems.
Experimental Study of Enhanced-Heavy-Oil Recovery in Berea Sandstone Cores by Use of Nanofluids Applications
Authors: Alomair Osamah A. , Matar Khaled M. , Alsaeed Yousef H.
Published: July 2015

The application of nanotechnology in the oil industry has become a useful approach in oil production. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of nanofluids on the recovery of heavy crude oil compared with waterflooding. The nanofluids are prepared by the addition of pure and mixed nanoparticles—silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, nickel oxide, and titanium oxide—at different concentrations to the formation water. The prepared nanofluids were screened to determine the suitable type for the heavy oil and rock samples subjected to the study. The effect of nanofluids on the interfacial tension and viscosity of emulsion were also investigated. Nanofluid-flooding tests were performed on a heavy-oil sample of 17.45 °API by use of Berea sandstone core samples with average air permeability of 184 md, liquid permeability of 60 md, and porosity of 20%. After selection of the optimum type of nanofluid, additional tests were performed including effect on asphaltene precipitation by use of a flow-assurance system. Results from the experiments show that the aluminum oxide nanofluid at concentration of 0.05 wt% reduced the emulsion viscosity by 25%. The mixed nanofluid of silicon and aluminum oxides at 0.05 wt% has shown the highest incremental oil recovery among the other nanofluids. It is expected to be the best type of chemical flooding because of its performance in reservoir condition (high pressure, temperature, and water salinity) and its capability to oppose asphaltene precipitation.
Simulation of Residual Oil Saturation in Near-Miscible Gasflooding Through Saturation-Dependent Tuning of the Equilibrium Constants
Authors: Patacchini Leonardo , Duchenne Sébastien , Bourgeois Marcel , Moncorgé Arthur , Pallotta Quentin
Published: July 2015

Conventional miscible or near-miscible gasflooding simulation often overestimates oil recovery, mostly because it does not capture a series of physical effects tending to limit interphase compositional exchanges. Those can include microscopic bypassing of oil situated in dead-end pores or blocked by water films, as well as macroscopic bypassing caused by subgrid-size heterogeneities or fingering.

We here present a new engineering solution to this problem in the near-miscible case, relying on our in-house research reservoir simulator. The principle is, while using a black-oil or an equation-of-state description, to dynamically decrease the K-value of heavy components and possibly increase the K-value of light components as the oil saturation reaches the desired residual limit; this enables changing the phase boundaries when needed while preserving the original fluid behavior during the initial production stages.

The benefits of the proposed solution are demonstrated on a reservoir-conditions tertiary-gas-injection experiment, performed in our laboratories, for which residual saturations as well as oil-phase and individual-component production rates have easily and successfully been history matched. Results are then compared with matches obtained by use of saturation exclusion and α-factors methods. As a proof of concept, the suitability of the new method to simulate incomplete revaporization of condensate during gas cycling is also illustrated, on the third SPE comparative-solution-project case.
Impact of paliperidone palmitate versus oral atypical antipsychotics on healthcare outcomes in schizophrenia patients
Authors: Xiao Yongling , Muser Erik , Lafeuille Marie-Hélène , Pesa Jacqueline , Fastenau John , Duh Mei Sheng , Lefebvre Patrick
Published: July 2015

Aim:
To assess impact of initial treatment and time-dependent treatment with paliperidone palmitate (PP) versus oral atypical antipsychotics (OAAs) on healthcare resource utilization and costs.
Patients & methods:
A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted among Medicaid beneficiaries with schizophrenia. Inverse probability treatment weighting method and marginal structural models were used to estimate the impact of treatment on healthcare resource utilization and costs, respectively.
Results:
Compared to OAAs, PP was associated with lower medical costs (mean monthly cost difference [MMCD] = -US$256; p = 0.008), which offset the higher pharmacy expense (MMCD = US$122; p < 0.001) resulting in nonsignificant cost savings associated with PP (MMCD = -US$91; p = 0.689).
Conclusion:
PP was associated with comparable overall costs to OAAs, but with significantly lower medical costs, particularly attributable to reduced inpatient visits and long-term care admissions.
Corrigendum: Zivkovic L, Bajic VP, Zukovec D, Cabarkapa A, Spremo-Potparevic B. Alterations of acrocentric chromosomes in peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Arch biol sci. 2013;65(2):439-45 DOI:10.2298/ABS1302439Z
Authors: Editorial E
Published: July 2015

The Editor-in-Chief has been informed that Fig. 2 in the article: Alterations
of acrocentric chromosomes in peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with
Alzheimer?s disease, published in the Archives of Biological Sciences in
2013, Vol. 65, Issue 2, has already been presented in the article: Zivkovic
L, Spremo-Potparevic B, Plecas-Solarovic B, Djelic N, Ocic G, Smiljkovic P,
Siedlak S, Smith M, Bajic V. Premature centromere division of metaphase
chromosomes in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Alzheimer's Disease patients:
relation to gender and age. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci.
2010;65A(12):1269-74. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glq148, and is described by a
different legend.

 Link to the corrected article 10.2298/ABS1302439Z
Quantitative-genetic analysis of intensity growth of gilts fertile breed and their hybrids in the nucleus farm
Authors: Lukac D. , Vidovic V. , Krnjaic J. , Visnjic V. , Sevic R.
Published: July 2015

The paper analyzes the 2760 gilts four different genotypes, two of which are
pure bred Landrace (429 gilts) and Yorkshire (421 gilts) and two hybrid
F1(YxL) (999 gilts) and F1(LxY) (911 gilts), tested in the period from 2010
to 2011.Analyzed by the following traits of intensity growth: weight at
weaning (WW), daily gain at suckling (DGS), weight in rearing (WR), daily
gain at rearing (DGR), weight in test (WT), daily gain on test (DGT), weight
of gilts (WG) and life gain (LG). Due to the manifestation of heterosis
effect, hybrid gilts in rearing made any higher body weight of about 3 kg,
while the age of 160 days on average had a higher body weight by 7.0 kg
compared to the pure breed gilts, which resulted in higher daily gain in
different phases of rearing. Degree of heritability for analysis traits of
intensity growth is of medium to high. Heritability (h2) for daily gains were
larger (0.640 for DGS, 0.858 for DGR and 0.859 for DGT) in relation to the
heritability for achieved body weight (0.584 for WW, 0.558 for WR and 0.816
for WT) in different phases of rearing. Between the most observed traits were
found positive genetic and phenotypic correlations. The negative correlation
found between WR, DGR and WT, DGT (rg= -0.055 to -0.108; rp = -0.010 to -
0.033), between WW, DGS and DGR (rg= -0.301 respectively -0.466; rp = -0.234
respectively -0.271).
Effect of genetic and environmental factors on the phenotype characteristics of lambs
Authors: Petrovic M.P. , Petrovic Caro , Ruzic-Muslic D. , Maksimovic N. , Petrovic M.M. , Ilic Z. , Stojkovic J.
Published: July 2015

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of environmental factors
affecting body weight variability of lambs in two crossbreed groups: Pirot x
W?rttemberg and Sjenica x W?rttemberg. Both populations were managed under
the same farm conditions. The data were analyzed to determine the effect of
age of the dam, weight of dam, birth type, sex, year and season, on the birth
weight and weaning weight of crossbreed lambs. Statistical analysis was
performed by GLM procedure using the SPSS statistical package program. The
average birth weight of Pirot x W?rttemberg lambs was 3.56 kg while Sjenica x
W?rttemberg lambs was slightly higher at 3.69 kg. The difference on birth
weight between the two crosses was not statistically significant (P>0.05).
The average weaning weight of Pirot x W?rttemberg lambs was 23.54 kg while
Sjenica x W?rttemberg lambs had higher weight at 24.37 kg. The difference of
0.83 kg on weaning weight was statistically significant (P <0.05). Body
weight, depending on the environmental factors, ranged from 3.17 to 3.96 kg
at birth and from 22.12 to 24.18 kg at weaning in Pirot x W?rttemberg lambs.
Body weight of Sjenica x W?rttemberg lambs ranged from 3.39 to 3.99 kg at
birth and from 22.69 to 25.44 kg at weaning. Statistical analysis showed that
the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) and highly
significant (P<0.01).
The importance of buffalo in milk production and buffalo population in Serbia
Authors: Perisic P. , Bogdanovic V. , Mekic C. , Ruzic-Muslic D. , Stanojevic D. , Popovac M. , Stepic S.
Published: July 2015

This research paper gives an analysis on the size of world?s domestic buffalo
populations, their milk production and the size of buffalo population in
Serbia. Population of domestic buffalo in the world is constantly increasing
so that in 2013 there were 199 783 549 individuals, out of which in India in
the same year they raised 57.77% of buffalo world population, in Pakistan
18.87%, and in China 11.64%. The share of total world production of buffalo
milk in total world milk production in 2012 was 12.92 % or 97 417 135 t out
of which 67.76% was produced in India. In Serbia buffalo is raised in the
regions of Raska (about 1000 individuals) and Kosovo. Populations of buffalo
in central Serbia show a tendency of decreasing in size what was the reason
to start a programme of in situ conservation 10 years ago. On the sample of
buffalo population encompassed by the programme of conservation the body
measures were analysed indicating that the population of buffalo is quite
unequalised and that average values obtained for exterior measures are
similar to the results obtained by the authors of earlier period for the
population of buffalo in the area of former Yugoslavia.
Comparative study of fattening and slaughter traits of male Simmental breed and crosses with Charolais breed
Authors: Petricevic M. , Aleksic S. , Petrovic M.M. , Pantelic V. , Ostojic-Andric D. , Stanisic N. , Niksic D.
Published: July 2015

The objective of this study was to determine the slaughter traits,
conformation score and fat covering of carcass and composition of carcasses
of young cattle of two genotype groups: domestic Simmental breed (A) and its
crosses with Charolais breed (B). The sample included a total of 30 animals,
15 in each group. Both groups were slaughtered at final weight of about 660
kg. After the slaughtering, warm carcass sides with and without kidney fat
were weighed individually. After cooling, the left carcass sides were cut
into main parts according to the Rulebook ("Off. Gazette of SFRY", No. 34/74,
26/75, 13/78 - Rulebook, 1/81 - Rulebook and 2/85 - Rulebook). The results of
research show that the young cattle of group (B) achieved a statistically
significant (p<0.05) higher yield of warm carcass compared to group A, and
statistically highly significant (p <0.01) higher yield of warm carcass
without tallow/fat. A statistically significant difference was found in the
share of tongues (p?0.01), which was higher in young cattle of group (B) and
a statistically significant difference in the share of offal (p <0.01), which
was higher in group (A). Shares of tenderloin and the shoulder of young
cattle of group (B) were statistically significantly (p <0.05) higher than in
young cattle of group (A). A statistically significant difference was
determined in carcass conformation scores between groups of young cattle.
Mycobiota and mycotoxins in freshly harvested and stored maize
Authors: Krnjaja V. , Lukic M. , Delic N. , Tomic Z. , Mandic V. , Bijelic Z. , Gogic M.
Published: July 2015

The incidence of mycobiota and mycotoxin levels were investigated in the
freshly harvested maize kernel samples from October 2014 and in the samples
of stored maize kernels from February 2015. Toxigenic fungal species (moulds)
were isolated, cultivated and identified on agar plates according to standard
mycological methods, while mycotoxins were detected by enzymelinked
immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA). Mycological analyses of kernels showed the
presence of toxigenic species from genera Aspergillus, Fusarium and
Penicillium. Among the Aspergillus species, Aspergillus flavus was identified
with higher incidence in the stored kernels (10.25%), than in freshly
harvested kernels (3.67%) whereas A. parasiticus was the predominant species
in the freshly harvested kernels (4.17%) compared to the stored kernels (0%).
From the genus Fusarium three species were identified: F. graminearum, F.
subglutinans and F. verticillioides, with the incidence of 1.08%, 8% and
25.75%, respectively in freshly harvested kernels and the incidence of 2.50%,
7.10% and 29.75%, respectively in the stored kernels. Species from genus
Penicillium had higher incidence in freshly harvested kernels (14.25%) than
in the stored kernels (9%). In addition, tested samples of harvested and
stored maize kernels were 100% positive with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1),
deoxynivalenol (DON) and total fumonisins B1, B2 and B3 (FBs). The mean
levels of AFB1, DON and FBs were 2.77 ?g kg-1, 117.83 ?g kg-1, and 3700.84 ?g
kg-1, respectively in the freshly harvested kernels and a mean levels of 2.16
?g kg-1, 2034.40 ?g kg-1, and 5976.50 ?g kg-1, respectively in the stored
maize kernels. In the freshly harvested maize kernel samples, statistically
significant (P ? 0.05) positive correlations of kernel moisture content with
the incidence of Penicillium spp. (r = 0.47), and levels of AFB1 (r = 0.46)
and FBs (r = 0.47), and between the incidence of Penicillium spp. and level
of AFB1 (r = 0.53) were established. In the stored maize kernel samples,
statistically significant (P ? 0.05) positive correlations were found between
the incidence of F. subglutinans and level of FBs (r = 0.50) and between
levels AFB1 and FBs (r = 0.52). A highly significant (P ? 0.01) positive
correlation was established between the incidence of F. verticillioides and
level of FBs (r = 0.64) in freshly harvested maize kernel samples. These
results indicate that the incidence of toxigenic fungi and levels of
mycotoxins, in particular DON and FBs, were higher in the stored maize kernel
samples than in freshly harvested maize kernels. Therefore, to prevent the
development of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins accumulation in post-harvest
period it is necessary to thoroughly dry maize and keep it in hygienic food
storages.
Silage fermentation characteristics of grass-legume mixtures harvested at two different maturity stages
Authors: Bijelic Z. , Tomic Z. , Ruzic-Muslic D. , Krnjaja V. , Mandic V. , Petricevic M. , Caro-Petrovic V.
Published: July 2015

The objective of our study was to investigate the diversity of individual
parameters of quality of grass-legume mixture silages harvested in two stages
of crop utilization and the impact of the interaction of studied factors on
the quality. Legumes as an important source of protein are very difficult to
ensilage. However, in mixture with grasses their fermentable characteristics
are improved. During the growth and development of plants, their chemical
composition changes, hence their ability and suitability for ensiling also
changes. In regard to the studied factors, the phase of exploitation had a
highly significant impact on almost all quality parameters in both years. By
delaying the harvest period, dry matter content in silage has significantly
increased and the level of crude protein and NH3-N decreased. In regard to
the content of lactic acid, the studied silages fall into category of good
quality silages. Its content in the first year ranged from 24.3-31.5 in the
early harvest stage and from 27.9-36.2 g kg-1 DM at the late harvest stage,
and in the second year from 27.4 to 31.4 in the early harvest stage and from
28.2- 31.9 g kg-1 DM at the stage of late harvest. According to the content
of acetic and butyric acids, studied silages can also be considered as
silages of good quality.
Net capital flows to and the real exchange rate of Western Balkan countries
Authors: Gabrisch Hubert
Published: July 2015

This paper uses Granger causality tests to assess the linkages between
changes in the real exchange rate and net capital inflows using the example
of Western Balkan countries, which have suffered from low competitiveness and
external imbalances for many years. The real exchange rate is a measure of a
country?s price competitiveness, and the paper uses two concepts: relative
unit labour cost and relative inflation differential. The sample consists of
six Western Balkan countries for the period 1996-2012, relative to the
European Union (EU). The main finding is that changes in the net capital
flows precede changes in relative unit labour costs and not vice versa. Also,
there is evidence that net capital flows affect the inflation differential of
countries, although to a less discernible extent. This suggests that the
increasing divergence in the unit labour cost between the EU and Western
Balkan countries up to the global financial crisis was at least partly the
result of net capital inflows. The paper adds to the ongoing debate on
improving cost competitiveness through wage restrictions as the main vehicle
to avert the accumulation of current account imbalances. It shows the
importance of changes in the exchange rate regime, reform of the interaction
between the financial and the real sector, and financial supervision and
structural change.
Optimization and advantages of the Bi-mode insulated gate transistor
Authors: Rahimo Munaf , Storasta Liutauras
Published: July 2015

The Bi-mode Insulated Gate Transistor BIGT is a single chip reverse
conducting IGBT concept, which is foreseen to replace the standard IGBT /
Diode two chip approach in many high power semiconductor applications.
Therefore, it is important to understand in detail the design challenges and
performance trade-offs faced when optimizing the BIGT for different
application requirements. In this paper, we present the main conflicting
design trade-offs for achieving the overall electrical and thermal
performance targets. We will demonstrate experimentally how on one hand, the
BIGT provides improved design features which overcome the restrictions of the
current state of the art IGBT/diode concepts, while on the other hand, a new
set of tailoring parameters arise for an optimum BIGT behavior.
MTJ-based hybrid storage cells for “normally-off and instant-on” computing
Authors: Jovanovic Bojan , Brum Raphael , Torres Lionel
Published: July 2015

Besides increasing a computing throughput, multi-core processor architectures
bring increased capacity of SRAM-based cache memory. As a result, cache
memory now occupies large proportion of recent processor chips, becoming a
major source of the leakage power consumption. The power gating technique
applied on a SRAM cache is not efficient since it is paid by data loss. In
this paper, we present two hybrid memory cells that combine a conventional
volatile CMOS part with Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (MTJs) able to store a data
bit in a non-volatile way. Being inherently non-volatile, these hybrid cells
enable instantaneous power off and thus complete reduction of the leakage
power. Moreover, given that the data bit can be stored in local MTJs and not
in distant storage memories, these cells also offer instantaneous and
efficient data retrieval. To demonstrate their functionality, the cells are
designed using 28 nm FD-SOI technology for the CMOS part and 45 nm round spin
transfer torque MTJs (STT-MTJs) with perpendicular magnetization anisotropy.
We report the measured performances of the cells in terms of required silicon
area, robustness, read/write speed and energy consumption.
Development of low-voltage power MOSFET based on application requirement analysis
Authors: Siemieniec Ralf , Hutzler Michael , Blank Oliver , Laforet David , Yip Li , Huang Alan , Walter Ralf
Published: July 2015

Low-voltage power MOSFETs based on charge-compensation using a field-plate
offer a significant reduction of the area-specific on-resistance. Beside a
further improvement of this key parameter, the new device generation takes an
in-depth focus on the other device parameters which are essential to the
targeted application fields. To allow a high efficiency also in light-load
conditions, the power MOSFET not only needs to meet general requirements like
low on-resistance, low gate charge and good avalanche capability, but must
also have a low output capacitance and low reverse-recovery charge. The paper
discusses how the most important of these often conflicting requirements were
identified. It is shown that beside the device technology the package
contributes significantly to the overall device performance. A new package
solution is introduced which is especially suited for high current
applications linked to high reliability requirements such as industrial motor
drives or servers.