bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Truncus Arteriosus - modified Van Praagh’s Type 3A and Anesthesia: a case report.
Authors: Vijayakumar Vinodhadevi , Muthuramalingam Sampathkumar , Ganesamoorthi Arimanickam
Published: March 2020

Background

One of the rare complex congenital anomalies is truncus arteriosus—modified Van Praagh’s type 3A. Survival of this type of truncus arteriosus child beyond infancy without surgical treatment is unreported. Anesthesiologists do anesthetize children with complex congenital heart disease during the cardiac catheterization study. The final diagnosis of such children is often made after the anesthesia and cardiac catheterization study. We report a 12-year-old with truncus arteriosus with absent right pulmonary artery and main pulmonary artery with multiple Major Aorto-Pulmonary Collateral Arteries. (MAPCAs) for the right lung, who is surviving without surgical treatment.

Case presentation

A 12-year-old girl was brought by her parents to Meenakshi Hospital at Thanjavur (India) with complaints of shortness of breath during respiratory infection. The patient was diagnosed to have congenital heart disease at 6 years of age and not on any treatment. There was no history of cyanotic spell. Her echocardiography revealed tetralogy of Fallot, situs solitus, levocardia, large mal-aligned ventricular septal defect with bidirectional shunt, VSD size 12 mm, pulmonary atresia, moderate tricuspid regurgitation (TR pressure gradient, 103 mmHg), thickened aortic valve, grade II aortic regurgitation, right ventricular hypertrophy, intact interatrial septum, dilated right atrium/right ventricle, dilated coronary sinus, and persistent left superior vena cava, good biventricular function 65%, multiple MAPCAs, no coarctation of aorta, normal veno atrial, atrio-ventricular connections, normal pulmonary venous drainage, and no pericardial effusion. She underwent cardiac catheterization study for further evaluation under anesthesia. Her final diagnosis was truncus arteriosus with absent right pulmonary artery and main pulmonary artery with multiple MAPCAs for right lung, (truncus arteriosus—modified Van Praagh’s type 3A).

Conclusion

An anesthesiologist may be encountering such patients during cardiac catheterization study or emergency non-cardiac surgery, where an understanding of the complex anatomy (the aorta, left pulmonary artery, coronary artery, all arising from the common arterial trunk, the truncus arteriosus) and the physiology of their circulation would help in safe anesthesia. From our report, we conclude intra venous ketamine along with regional analgesia would be safe for sedating such patients coming for cardiac catheterization study.
Assessing the synergistic relationship of mycorrhiza and bacteria for the degradation of spent engine oil in maize grown soil
Authors: Bolaji Ayokunle Samuel , Liasu Mojeed Olaide , Ayandele Abiodun Ayanfemi , Amao John Ayobami
Published: March 2020

Background

Pollution by waste hydrocarbons on soil and water bodies is an endemic problem in African countries, particularly in Nigeria. This has caused untold hardship and increase in poverty level of the people, due to the pollution of water and land; which had direct impacts on the livelihood of people. Several species of bacteria that can degrade hydrocarbon had been isolated from the root of plants. The aim of this work was to determine the ability of rhizosphere bacteria to degrade spent engine oil (SPO) in the presence of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus.

Results

The total aerobic count in the eight treatments ranged between 3.0 × 106 and 1.18 × 108 CFU/g. No significant difference was observed in the total aerobic count among the treatments except when compared with the control experiment (M−C−). Isolated bacteria from the polluted soil samples were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing as Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Lysinibacillus fusiformis, Bacillus enecimensis, and Paraclostridium benzoelyticum. Four of the bacteria were able to utilize spent engine oil effectively to different degrees. However, Lysinibacillus fusiformis biodegraded spent engine oil by 40%, Paraclostridium benzoelyticum by 30% and Bacillus enecimensis by 20% after 28 days of incubation. The infrared analysis result revealed that Lysinibacillus fusiformis (P6) reduced the strong and band of alcohol by 44%, carboxylic acid group by 22% and carbonyl group by 27%, respectively. This study revealed that spent engine oil at a minimum value of 50 mg/kg with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus in the soil samples resulted in better growth for maize plant and higher total aerobic count.

Conclusions

It can thus be concluded that arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus positively impacts the ability of rhizosphere bacteria in the degradation of spent engine oil and the growth of maize plant on contaminated soil.
Optimal alternative for suitability of S-boxes to image encryption based on m-polar fuzzy soft set decision-making criterion
Authors: Khalaf Mohammed M.
Published: March 2020

Our aim in this work is to improve the design and model of real-life applications. We put forward a standard based onm-polar fuzzy soft set decision-making criterion to examine the optimal alternative for the suitability of S-boxes to image encryption applications. The proposed standard studies the results of correlation analysis, entropy analysis, contrast analysis, homogeneity analysis, energy analysis, and mean of absolute deviation analysis. These analyses are applied to well-known substitution boxes. The algorithm of outcomes of these analyses is additional observed and am-polar fuzzy soft set decision-making criterion is used to decide the optimal alternative for suitability of S-box to image encryption applications. All results taken by using the reality values for all S-boxes and experimental problems with reality values are discussed to show the validity of the optimal alternative for the suitability of S-box to image encryption.
Effects of dynamic variables on industrial output in one of the world’s fastest-growing countries: case evidence from India
Authors: Sankaran A. , Vadivel A. , Jamal M. Abdul
Published: March 2020

Increase in industrial output is an important indicator to identify the socio-economic development of a nation. India is one of the fastest-growing economies in the world; using its comparative advantage and capitalizing its educated youths, it tries to be as a hub of manufacturing in the world map. Under these circumstances, the present study attempts to identify the effects of dynamic macroeconomic variables on manufacturing output in India using secondary data from 1990Q1 to 2017Q4 sourced from the World Bank, and IMF, RBI, ASI and published materials are other source of information. This study considered variables such as industrial production, population, agricultural output, exchange rate, export, oil price, and gross fixed capital formation. We employed ADF and PP unit root tests, Johansen co-integration test, and error correction model based on Granger causality test. This study found that manufacturing output was driven by agricultural output, export and population. The chief role played by the agricultural output in affecting the manufacturing output suggested that the agricultural sector is still serving as engine of economic development in general and manufacturing output in particular in the case of fast-growing Indian economy. Further, investment on education, health, trainings and other capacity building in the form of human capital on population will lead the industrial sector to get strengthened through observing entrepreneurial spirit, high skilled labours, technicians, and managers. Finally, it is suggested that the superior focus on tapping the potential market on the planet, research and development, mechanization, proper quality control, skill development, better management, and effective marketing will give a new life to the manufacturing sector of the fast-growing Indian economy.
Evaluation of Serum Insulin-like Factor 3 Quantification by LC-MS/MS as a Biomarker of Leydig Cell Function.
Authors: Albrethsen Jakob , Johannsen Trine Holm , Jørgensen Niels , Frederiksen Hanne , Sennels Henriette P , Jørgensen Henrik Loevendahl , Fahrenkrug Jan , Petersen Jørgen Holm , Linneberg Allan , Nordkap Loa , Bang Anne Kirstine , Andersson Anna-Maria , Juul Anders
Published: March 2020

Background

The peptide hormone insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) is a marker for Leydig cell function and the clinical use of serum INSL3 measurements has been suggested by several groups.

Aim

(1) To establish a reference range for liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) of serum INSL3 in healthy boys and men; and (2) to compare the associations of serum INSL3 and testosterone (T) to pubertal stage, lifestyle factors, diurnal variation, body composition, and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation.

Results

In a reference range based on LC-MS/MS analysis of serum from 1073 boys and men, INSL3 increased from levels close to the detection limit (0.03 µg/L) in prepubertal boys to a maximum mean level of 1.3 µg/L (95% CI, 0.9-2.7) in young men (19-40 years of age) and decreased slightly in older men (0.1 µg/L per decade). Serum T, but not INSL3, was associated with body mass index or body fat percentage and with alcohol consumption. Smoking was positively associated with serum T, but negatively associated with INSL3. There were significant diurnal variations in both INSL3 and T in men (P < 0.001), but serum INSL3 varied substantially less, compared with serum T (± 11% vs ± 26%). Mean serum INSL3 increased after hCG stimulation, but less than T (+ 17% vs + 53%). In both healthy men and in patients suspected of testicular failure, baseline serum INSL3 was more closely associated to the hCG-induced increase in serum T than baseline T itself.

Conclusion

Measurement of serum INSL3 by LC-MS/MS has promise as a marker of testicular disorders.
Aneurysmal bone cyst in thoracolumbar spine
Authors: Kiu Alex , Fung Tiffany , Chowdhary Pranav , Jung Sungmi , Powell Tom , Boily Mathieu
Published: March 2020

Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC) are rare, benign primary bone tumors. Although benign, they can be locally aggressive resulting in erosion of bone and surrounding tissues over time. In later stages, depending on the clinical urgency, immunotherapy or surgical resection remain treatment options. This report illustrates a case of a 32-year-old female who presented with chronic worsening low back pain without neurological deficits. Radiological imaging revealed a large destructive mass arising from the thoracic spine invading into the central canal, causing critical central stenosis and cord compression. Histopathology revealed ABC. This case highlights the importance of including ABCs and other ‘benign’/locally aggressive lesions in the differential of patients with insidious musculoskeletal complaints. This case also demonstrates that one can be neurologically asymptomatic despite having critical central canal stenosis and cord compression if the causative lesion is slow growing. Understanding this allows us to arrange for most appropriate management.
Functional regions in the 5′ external transcribed spacer of yeast pre-rRNA
Authors: Chen Jing , Zhang Liman , Ye Keqiong
Published: March 2020

Ribosomal subunits are assembled on a precursor rRNA that includes four spacers in addition to mature rRNA sequences. The 5′ external transcribed spacer (5′ ETS) is the most prominent one that recruits U3 snoRNA and a plethora of proteins during the early assembly of 90S small subunit preribosomes. Here, we have conducted a comprehensive mutational analysis of 5′ ETS by monitoring the processing and assembly of a plasmid-expressed pre-18S RNA. Remarkably, nearly half of the 5′ ETS sequences, when depleted individually, are dispensable for 18S rRNA processing. The dispensable elements largely bind at the surface of the 90S structure. Defective assembly of 5′ ETS completely blocks the last stage of 90S formation yet has little effect on the early assembly of 5′ and central domains of 18S rRNA. Our study reveals the functional regions of 5′ ETS and provides new insight into the assembly hierarchy of 90S preribosomes.
Case Report: Ectopic third molar in the maxillary sinus with infected dentigerous cyst assessed by cone beam CT
Authors: Elmorsy Khairy , Elsayed Lubna K. , El Khateeb Sara M.
Published: March 2020

Ectopic development of teeth in nondental areas is uncommon, especially in the maxillary sinus. A panoramic radiograph is the routine diagnostic radiographic examination performed for this type of eruption, although cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is highly recommended for further localization of the ectopic tooth and assessment of the characteristics of any associated lesion before a surgical procedure. We report a case of a 13-year-old female student who presented with purulent discharge posterior to the upper right second molar with a bad taste and foul odour. Radiographic examination revealed a maxillary third molar tooth located at the posterosuperior aspect of the right maxillary sinus with a hyperdense lesion surrounding the crown, obliterating the sinus cavity. Both the tooth and dentigerous cyst were surgically removed under general anaesthesia through Caldwell-Luc antrostomy. After a three-month follow-up, the patient was symptom free and had an uneventful recovery. The rare and critical location of the reported third molar along with the infected dentigerous cyst indicates its complete enucleation to avoid complications as recurrence or malignant transformation.
The Relationship of Falsifi cation of Financial Statements and Hostile Behavior of Company Managers
Authors: Sotnikova Lyudmila
Published: March 2020

Th e article uses the results of recent sociological research on the impact of hostile behavior of company managers, so-called «abuser» managers, negative type of management, on employees of companies that cause signifi cant harm to the economy. Th e article establishes the relationship between hostile behavior of management and fraudulent misrepresentation of accounting (fi nancial) statements and proves the need to conduct certain audit procedures aimed at identifying hostile behavior of management.
Analysis of the Corporate Financial Soundness of Companies Using the Bankruptcy Forecasting Models
Authors: Puchkova S. , Sotneva Yu. , Semenova M.
Published: March 2020

Th is article is devoted to the study of the fi nancial stability of companies based on a number bankruptcy forecasting models. Th e authors analyzed fi nancial statements of 22 Russian and foreign retail companies that fi led for bankruptcy in the last fi ve years using the following bankruptcy models. Th e article provides a comparative analysis of bankruptcy models in order to identify the model that most accurately predicts the onset of bankruptcy.
Typosquatting for Fun and Profit: Cross-Country Analysis of Pop-Up Scam
Authors: Dam Tobias , Klausner Lukas Daniel , Schrittwieser Sebastian
Published: March 2020

Today, many different types of scams can be found on the internet. Online criminals are always finding new creative ways to trick internet users, be it in the form of lottery scams, downloading scam apps for smartphones or fake gambling websites. This paper presents a large-scale study on one particular delivery method of online scam: pop-up scam on typosquatting domains. Typosquatting describes the concept of registering domains which are very similar to existing ones while deliberately containing common typing errors; these domains are then used to trick online users while under the belief of browsing the intended website. Pop-up scam uses JavaScript alert boxes to present a message which attracts the user’s attention very effectively, as they are a blocking user interface element.

Our study among typosquatting domains derived from the Majestic Million list utilising an Austrian IP address revealed on 1219 distinct typosquatting URLs a total of 2577 pop-up messages, out of which 1538 were malicious. Approximately a third of those distinct URLs (403) were targeted and displayed pop-up messages to one specific HTTP user agent only. Based on our scans, we present an in-depth analysis as well as a detailed classification of different targeting parameters (user agent and language) which triggered varying kinds of pop-up scams. Furthermore, we expound the differences of current pop-up scam characteristics in comparison with a previous scan performed in late 2018 and examine the use of IDN homograph attacks as well as the application of message localisation using additional scans with IP addresses from the United States and Japan.
Molecular Imprinted Polymer for Ethylmorphine with Methacrylic Acid and Acrylamide as Functional Monomer in Butanol Using Two Polymerization Method
Authors: Hasanah Aliya Nur , Fauzi Diane , Witka Beska Zausha , Rahayu Driyanti , Pratiwi Rimadani
Published: March 2020

Ethylmorphine is an opioid that has therapeutic effects as narcotic analgesic and antitussive, which has low levels and can be misused. Hence, it is crucial to monitor by analyze the levels of ethylmorphine in blood selectively. The preparation method that can be used to extract ethylmorphine from the sample is using molecular imprinting solid-phase extraction (MI-SPE) due to its sensitivity and selectivity. This study aims to compare the result of synthesis using two different polymerization methods, and also to examine the analytical performance and characteristics of imprinted polymers from two distinct functional monomers: methacrylic acid (MAA) and acrylamide (AM). The stages of this study include the determination of association constants, synthesis of polymer MI-SPE ethylmorphine using bulk and precipitation polymerization method, extracted template from the polymer, and determined the adsorption ability, capacity, and selectivity of the polymer. MI-SPE that has been made then characterized by using Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results showed that MIP with acrylamide (MIP-AM) as functional monomer and made by precipitation polymerization had better analytic performances than MIP that made by bulk polymerization, with affinity value 0.072 mg/g and homogeneity value -0.77. It is also selective toward ethylmorphine with imprinting factor value 27.43. In addition, the result of characterization using FTIR and SEM showed that MIP-AM 2, MIP-MAA 1, and MIP-MAA 2 might have a low degree of polymerization due to the presence of vinyl peaks, besides MIP-AM 2 and MIP-MAA 2 had smaller particle size than the NIP with an average value of 0,31 ± 0,21 mm and 0.28 ± 0.05 mm. Based on the result of this study, MIP-AM made by precipitation polymerization could be used to extract ethylmorphine on solid-phase extraction.
Hyperspectral remote sensing image classification based on random average band selection and an ensemble kernel extreme learning machine
Authors: Le Ba Tuan , Ha Thai Thuy Lam
Published: March 2020

Hyperspectral remote sensing technology can explore a lot of information about ground objects, and the information is not explored in multispectral technology. This study proposes a hyperspectral remote sensing image classification method. First, we preprocess the hyperspectral data to obtain the average spectral information of the pixels; the average spectral information contains spectral-spatial features. Second, the average spectral information is randomly band selected to obtain multiple different datasets. Third, based on ensemble learning and a kernel extreme learning machine, an ensemble kernel extreme learning machine is proposed. Finally, a hyperspectral remote sensing image classification model based on the ensemble kernel extreme learning machine is established. Experiments with two common hyperspectral remote sensing image datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
High energy yield bifacial spectrum-splitting photovoltaic system
Authors: Chrysler Benjamin D. , Kostuk Raymond K.
Published: March 2020

In this paper a photovoltaic system is proposed that achieves high energy yield by integrating bifacial silicon cells into a spectrum-splitting module. Spectrum splitting is accomplished using volume holographic optical elements to spectrally divide sunlight onto an array of photovoltaic cells with different bandgap energies. Light that is reflected from the ground surface onto the rear side of the module is converted by the bifacial silicon cells. The energy yield of the system is optimized by tuning the volume holographic element parameters, such as film thickness, index modulation, and construction point source positions. An example is presented for utility-scale illumination parameters in Tucson, Arizona, that attains an energy yield of

1010

k
w

⋅

h
r

y
r

⋅

m

2

, which is 32.8% of the incident solar insolation.
Applied Optics in 2019 and Our Path Forward in 2020: editorial
Authors: Driggers Ron
Published: March 2020

Editor-in-Chief Ron Driggers summarizes the current state of Applied Optics and its plans for 2020.
Measuring cell displacements in opaque tissues: dynamic light scattering in the multiple scattering regime
Authors: Brunel Benjamin , Levy Vincent , Millet Arnaud , Dolega Monika Elzbieta , Delon Antoine , Pierrat Romain , Cappello Giovanni
Published: March 2020

Coherent light scattered by tissues brings structural and dynamic information, at depth, that standard imaging techniques cannot reach. Dynamics of cells or sub-cellular elements can be measured thanks to dynamic light scattering in thin samples (single scattering regime) or thanks to diffusive wave spectroscopy in thick samples (diffusion regime). Here, we address the intermediate regime and provide an analytical relationship between scattered light fluctuations and the distribution of cell displacements as a function of time. We illustrate our method by characterizing cell motility inside half millimeter thick multicellular aggregates.
Diffraction tomography with a deep image prior
Authors: Zhou Kevin C. , Horstmeyer Roarke
Published: March 2020

We present a tomographic imaging technique, termed Deep Prior Diffraction Tomography (DP-DT), to reconstruct the 3D refractive index (RI) of thick biological samples at high resolution from a sequence of low-resolution images collected under angularly varying illumination. DP-DT processes the multi-angle data using a phase retrieval algorithm that is extended by a deep image prior (DIP), which reparameterizes the 3D sample reconstruction with an untrained, deep generative 3D convolutional neural network (CNN). We show that DP-DT effectively addresses the missing cone problem, which otherwise degrades the resolution and quality of standard 3D reconstruction algorithms. As DP-DT does not require pre-captured data or pre-training, it is not biased towards any particular dataset. Hence, it is a general technique that can be applied to a wide variety of 3D samples, including scenarios in which large datasets for supervised training would be infeasible or expensive. We applied DP-DT to obtain 3D RI maps of bead phantoms and complex biological specimens, both in simulation and experiment, and show that DP-DT produces higher-quality results than standard regularization techniques. We further demonstrate the generality of DP-DT, using two different scattering models, the first Born and multi-slice models. Our results point to the potential benefits of DP-DT for other 3D imaging modalities, including X-ray computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and electron microscopy.
Enhanced nonlinear spectral broadening and sub-picosecond pulse generation by adaptive spectral phase optimization of electro-optic frequency combs
Authors: Vikram B. S. , Prakash Roopa , Selvaraja Shankar Kumar , Supradeepa V. R.
Published: March 2020

We utilize adaptive optimization to enhance the spectral broadening of an amplified electro-optic frequency comb with a 25 GHz repetition rate in a highly nonlinear fiber and subsequently generate sub-picosecond pulses. The spectral phase of the comb is adaptively optimized by a Fourier pulse shaper in a closed control loop with the HNLF output spectrum as the process variable to be optimized. Enhanced spectral broadening also increases the stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold allowing increased power scaling and thereby boosting the bandwidth by a factor of more than 13 times over the initial comb. System versatility to varying conditions is demonstrated by achieving consistent bandwidth enhancement (nearly or more than 100 lines) in varying operating conditions that distort the temporal profile of the comb. In all cases, the optimization yields a near transform limited pulse that enters the nonlinear fiber. Sub-picosecond pulse generation is achieved with a short length of single mode fiber post the nonlinear fiber.
Oblique angle transient-reflectivity laser-scanning microscopy for mineral imaging in natural ores
Authors: Pegoraro Adrian F. , Moffatt Douglas J. , Ridsdale Andrew
Published: March 2020

The microscopic arrangement of different minerals in ores is of high interest for mine planning, mineral processing and extractive metallurgy. Many economically important, naturally occurring minerals are highly absorbing semiconductors. To characterize these materials, we have implemented pump-probe laser scanning microscopy (LSM) in a two-lens reflective configuration that offers efficient collection of signal light by using a combination of galvanometer and sample stage scanning. We show that the short-time (∼10 ps) pump-probe response of a material allows us to distinguish economically important sulfide minerals.
Molecular quantum wakes for clearing fog
Authors: Schroeder Malte C. , Larkin Ilia , Produit Thomas , Rosenthal Eric W. , Milchberg Howard , Wolf Jean-Pierre
Published: March 2020

High intensity laser filamentation in air has recently demonstrated that, through plasma generation and its associated shockwave, fog can be cleared around the beam, leaving an optically transparent path to transmit light. However, for practical applications like free-space optical communication (FSO), channels of multi-centimeter diameters over kilometer ranges are required, which is extremely challenging for a plasma based method. Here we report a radically different approach, based on quantum control. We demonstrate that fog clearing can also be achieved by producing molecular quantum wakes in air, and that neither plasma generation nor filamentation are required. The effect is clearly associated with the rephasing time of the rotational wave packet in N2.Pump excitation provided in the form of resonant trains of 8 pulses separated by the revival time are able to transmit optical data through fog with initial extinction as much as −6 dB.
Optimal ITO transparent conductive layers for InGaN-based amber/red light-emitting diodes
Authors: Zhuang Zhe , Iida Daisuke , Kirilenko Pavel , Velazquez-Rizo Martin , Ohkawa Kazuhiro
Published: March 2020

Fabrication of indium tin oxide (ITO) was optimized for InGaN-based amber/red light-emitting diodes (LEDs). A radiofrequency sputtering reduced the sheet resistivity of ITO at low pressures, and a subsequent two-step annealing resulted in a low sheet resistivity (below 2×10−4 Ωcm) and high transmittance (over 98%) in the amber and red regions between 590 nm to 780 nm. Double ITO layers by sputtering could form an excellent ohmic contact with p-GaN. Application of the double ITO layers on amber and red LEDs enhanced light output power by 15.6% and 13.0%, respectively, compared to those using ITO by e-beam evaporation.
First demonstration of optical refrigeration efficiency greater than 4% at room temperature
Authors: Cittadino Giovanni , Damiano Eugenio , Di Lieto Alberto , Tonelli Mauro
Published: March 2020

In this work, we present the cooling efficiency of a LiYF4 (lithium yttrium fluoride,YLF) sample co-doped with 10at.% ytterbium (Yb3+) and 0.0040at.% thulium (Tm3+). For the first time at room temperature, the cooling efficiency of a sample overcomes the 4%-barrier, and it must be compared with the best values reported in literature, about 3%, obtained with a YLF:10at.%Yb sample. We also investigated the frequency behaviour of energy transfer mechanisms between Yb and Tm ions in order to have a better understanding of the contribution of phonons to the cooling cycle. These mechanisms can explain the cooling efficiency enhancement in the co-doped system.
Polarization aberrations of electrically tunable liquid crystal mirrors
Authors: Wang Yu-Jen , Lin Yi-Hsin , Cakmakci Ozan , Reshetnyak Victor
Published: March 2020

Curved mirrors are able to fold optical paths and play important roles in compact optical systems in general. In this paper, we investigate the polarization aberrations of electrically tunable liquid crystal (LC) mirrors with two kinds of configurations (flat and curved ones). The LC mirrors exhibit spatially-continuous tunable wavefronts. The detailed wavefronts of two LC mirrors are related to angles of incidence, polarization of light, and the alignment direction of LC molecules. The key contribution of this paper is the development and characterization of a tunable liquid crystal mirror. The tunability of polarization aberration of LC mirrors should be able to provide extra parameters for optical engineers to design versatile optical systems.
High-power spectral beamsplitter for closely spaced frequencies
Authors: Marciniak Ch. D. , Rischka A. , Wolf R. N. , Biercuk M. J.
Published: March 2020

An experimental realization of a compact, high-power spectral beamsplitter for nearly equal frequencies and identical polarization based on two-beam interference in a free-space Mach-Zehnder interferometer is presented. We demonstrate the power- and cost-efficient generation and subsequent spatial separation of two laser tones from a single sum-frequency-generation stage using double-sideband suppressed-carrier modulation in the infrared, and beam splitting in the visible at high power. The interferometer spectrally splits >98 % of the incident power when accounting for bulk absorption. The beamsplitter can be constructed identically for any power or spectral range required for which suitable optics are available.
Assessment of high-resolution 3D printed optics for the use case of rotation optics
Authors: Sieber Ingo , Thelen Richard , Gengenbach Ulrich
Published: March 2020

We present design and manufacture of a 3D printed varifocal freeform optics. The optical refraction power can be tuned continuously by mutual rotation of two helically shaped lens bodies of azimuthally varying curvatures. Since no additional space for axial or lateral lens movement is required, rotation optics allow for a highly compact design of varifocal optics. Manufacturing of the optics was conducted by means of a high-resolution additive manufacturing process. Results of tactile surface measurements are presented as well as imaging through the lens.
Phase stabilization of a coherent fiber network by single-photon counting
Authors: Yanikgonul Salih , Guo Ruixiang , Xomalis Angelos , Vetlugin Anton N. , Adamo Giorgio , Soci Cesare , Zheludev Nikolay I.
Published: March 2020

Coherent optical fiber networks are extremely sensitive to thermal, mechanical, and acoustic noise, which requires elaborate schemes of phase stabilization with dedicated auxiliary lasers, multiplexers, and photodetectors. This is particularly demanding in quantum networks operating at the single-photon level. Here, we propose a simple method of phase stabilization based on single-photon counting and apply it to quantum fiber networks implementing single-photon interference on a lossless beamsplitter and coherent perfect absorption on a metamaterial absorber. As a proof of principle, we show dissipative single-photon switching with visibility close to 80%. This method can be employed in quantum networks of greater complexity without classical stabilization rigs, potentially increasing efficiency of the quantum channels.
Experimental optical trapping with frozen waves
Authors: Suarez Rafael A. B. , Ambrosio Leonardo A. , Neves Antonio A. R. , Zamboni-Rached Michel , Gesualdi Marcos R. R.
Published: March 2020

We report, to the best of our knowledge, the first optical trapping experimental demonstration of microparticles with frozen waves. Frozen waves are an efficient method to model longitudinally the intensity of nondiffracting beams obtained by superposing copropagating Bessel beams with the same frequency and order. Based on this, we investigate the optical force distribution acting on microparticles of two types of frozen waves. The experimental setup of holographic optical tweezers using a spatial light modulator has been assembled and optimized. The results show that it is possible to obtain greater stability for optical trapping using frozen waves. The significant enhancement in trapping geometry from this approach shows promising applications for optical tweezers micromanipulations over a broad range.
Influence of mechanical site preparation on regeneration success of planted conifers in clearcuts in Fennoscandia – a review
Authors: Sikström Ulf , Hjelm Karin , Holt Hanssen Kjersti , Saksa Timo , Wallertz Kristina
Published: March 2020

In the Nordic countries Finland, Norway and Sweden, the most common regeneration method is planting after clearcutting and, often, mechanical site preparation (MSP). The main focus of this study is to review quantitative effects that have been reported for the five main MSP methods in terms of survival and growth of manually planted coniferous seedlings of Norway spruce ( (L.) Karst.), Scots pine ( L.) and lodgepole pine ( var. Engelm.) in clearcuts in these three countries. Meta analyses are used to compare the effects of MSP methods to control areas where there was no MSP and identify any relationships with temperature sum and number of years after planting. In addition, the area of disturbed soil surface and the emergence of naturally regenerated seedlings are evaluated. The MSP methods considered are patch scarification, disc trenching, mounding, soil inversion and ploughing. Studies performed at sites with predominately mineral soils (with an organic topsoil no thicker than 0.30 m), in boreal, nemo-boreal and nemoral vegetation zones in the three Fenno-Scandinavian countries are included in the review. Data from 26 experimental and five survey studies in total were compiled and evaluated. The results show that survival rates of planted conifers at sites where seedlings are not strongly affected by pine weevil ( L.) are generally 80â90% after MSP, and 15â20 percent units higher than after planting in non-prepared sites. The experimental data indicated that soil inversion and potentially ploughing (few studies) give marginally greater rates than the other methods in this respect. The effects of MSP on survival seem to be independent of the temperature sum. Below 800 degree days, however, the reported survival rates are more variable. MSP generally results in trees 10â25% taller 10â15 years after planting compared to no MSP. The strength of the growth effect appears to be inversely related to the temperature sum. The compiled data may assist in the design, evaluation and comparison of possible regeneration chains, i.e. analyses of the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of multiple combinations of reforestation measures.Picea abiesPinus sylvestrisPinus contortalatifoliaHylobius abietis
Interferências linguísticas em produções textuais de venezuelanos aprendizes de português como língua estrangeira
Authors: Paiva Mota Fabricio
Published: March 2020

No contexto brasileiro, o contato entre falantes de línguas diferentes é um fenômeno acentuado, principalmente nas zonas fronteiriças com os países da América do Sul. No cenário roraimense existem duas fronteiras: ao norte com a Venezuela e ao leste com a Guiana. Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar interferências linguísticas em produções textuais de venezuelanos aprendizes de Português como Língua Estrangeira. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, foram analisadas um total de dez produções textuais. Os resultados apontam para uma interferência linguística do tipo ortográfica, em que o aluno omitiu acento em palavras portuguesas e confundiu grafemas. Tendo em vista um cenário multilíngue, como o apresentado entre Brasil/Venezuela, em que as fronteiras geográficas nem sempre correspondem com as linguísticas, conclui-se que existe uma demanda para o ensino de Língua Portuguesa para hispano-falantes na região norte do Brasil.
variação entre possessivos simples e perifrásticos de 3ª pessoa no espanhol
Authors: Pereira Vanessa de Azevedo Baeta Alves , Lennertz Marcotulio Leonardo
Published: March 2020

No espanhol, a posse, na 3ª pessoa, pode ser expressa por pronomes possessivos simples como su(s), suyo(s)/a(s), assim como por formas perifrásticas como de él, de ellos, de ella e de ellas. Além de características morfológicas e sintáticas distintas, há também diferenças entre formas simples e perifrásticas no que se refere à recuperação do possuidor. Os possessivos simples são formas opacas morfologicamente às informações de número e de pessoa do possuidor, pois não só servem ao quadro pronominal da 3ª pessoa (él, ellos, ella, ellas), mas, também, ao quadro pronominal de 2ª pessoa de cortesia (usted, ustedes). Os possessivos perifrásticos, por sua vez, recuperam claramente o possuidor de 3ª pessoa (él, ellos, ella, ellas). Essa opacidade morfológica no quadro das formas simples de 3ª pessoa é usualmente utilizada para justificar o uso das formas perifrásticas. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho investiga a variação entre possessivos simples e perifrásticos de 3ª pessoa no espanhol, com base em amostras de fala disponíveis no corpus Macrocorpus e em uma perspectiva teórico-metodológica sociolinguística de base laboviana (WEINREICH; LABOV; HERZOG, 1968; LABOV, 1972; 1974).
Traços de iteratividade e suas realizações em línguas próximas
Authors: Riveiro Quintans Sebold Maria Mercedes , Estebe Maggessy Anne Katheryne
Published: March 2020

Neste artigo, discutimos a noção aspectual da iteratividade. Mais especificamente, confrontamos diferentes estudos sobre a iteratividade e discutimos os achados de tais pesquisas. Desse modo, buscamos focalizar, sobretudo, a possibilidade de se entender a iteratividade como uma noção aspectual que se constrói com base em traços próximos de outros aspectos. Nessa direção, examinamos a realização morfológica de tal aspecto em duas línguas tipologicamente próximas: o português do Brasil e o espanhol, destacando o conjunto de fatores linguísticos e a composicionalidade que favorecem tais realizações.
COMMUNITY RELATIONS UPT TAMAN BALEKAMBANG SURAKARTA DALAM PROGRAM PENGEMBANGAN KEMITRAAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: Pratiwi Rhesa Zuhriya , Astuti Yeni Puji
Published: March 2020

Setiap korporasi pada dasarnya memiliki tanggung jawab sosial yang wajib dilakukan, salah satunya melalui program kemitraan dan pemberdayaan yang ditujukan bagi masyarakat. Penelitian ini berupaya mendeskripsikan bagaimana tanggung jawab UPT Kawasan Wisata Dinas Pariwisata Taman Balekambang Surakarta dalam Program Pengembangan Kemitraan Masyarakat melalui community relation. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, serta dokumentasi. Selanjutnya, pemilihan informan dilakukan secara purposif dan berdasarkan pertimbangan atas ketercukupan data yang diperlukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan community relations diimplementasikan melalui kerjasama dan koordinasi dari pengelola Taman Balekambang sebagai publik internal, dengan pihak sanggar dan sejumlah komunitas seni sebagai publik eksternalnya. Program ini dapat dilihat melalui beragam kegiatan kesenian yang diselenggarakan, antara lain seperti: pementasan ketoprak, sendratari, pasar seni, dan event lainnya. Namun demikian, program community relations secara khusus bertujuan untuk meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat dalam kemitraan pariwisata sehingga mampu menjadi bentuk tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan terhadap publiknya. Mengenai implementasi community relations, program ini dilakukan melalui tiga tahap, yakni: 1) pra-program yang meliputi perencanaan serta analisis permasalahan program; 2) implementasi pelaksanaan yang berupa penyelenggarakaan program kegiatan; serta 3) pasca program yang diarahkan pada proses evaluasi program dan pelaksanaannya guna menentukan rekomendasi baru atas program kegiatan yang telah serta akan dijalankan selanjutnya.
MODEL KOMUNIKASI ANTAR UMAT BERAGAMA DI ERA DIGITAL DALAM MENCIPTAKAN KERUKUNAN BANGSA (Studi Pada Masyarakat Muslim Mayoritas – Minoritas di daerah Sleman-DIY dan Sintang-KalBar)
Authors: Puspitasari Niken
Published: March 2020

Abstrak - Perkembangan Teknologi komunikasi yang pesat saat ini tak ayal berimbas juga pada isu-isu nasional yang marak melalui media sosial. Penyebutan era digital yang saat ini terdengar biasa merupakan era dimana sudah tidak ada lagi sekat maupun batasan geografis di masyarakat dalam mengakses informasi. Berangkat dari berita yang terjadi di Kabupaten Sintang Kalimantan Barat terkait penolakan warga dayak terhadap kehadiran Sekjen MUI untuk datang kedaerah tersebut serta penolakan yang terjadi di Bandung saat Acara Kebaktian Natal Umat Kristen yang menghadirkan Pdt.Dr.Stephen Tong pada sesi kedua yang sedianya dilaksanakan pada pukul 18.30 WIB di Gedung Sabuga dibubarkan oleh sekelompok organisasi massa Islam, peneliti tertarik untuk mengkaji lebih dalam bagaimana model komunikasi antar umat beragama di era digital dalam menciptakan kerukunan bangsa. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan teknik pengumpulan data melalui Partisipatori Observation, dokumentasi, dan indepth interview sebagai panduan dalam mencari informasi, peneliti berharap penelitian ini bisa menjadi Role Model untuk daerah-daerah lain di Indonesia dalam menciptakan kerukunan beragama. Teknik analisis yang digunakan berupa pemaparan data, reduksi data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Kemudian keabsahan data diuji melalui triangulasi data serta kecukupan referensi.
¿Qué textos académicos escriben los estudiantes universitarios de Educación?
Authors: García Romero Marisol Antonia , Biggi Elisa , Chacón Guerrero Edixon
Published: March 2020

Este artículo muestra una sección de una investigación sobre la producción de textos escritos en el ámbito universitario; específicamente, se presentan los resultados referentes a los géneros académicos que escriben los estudiantes de la carrera de Educación, mención Básica Integral, de la Universidad de Los Andes Núcleo Táchira (Venezuela). El estudio se apoya en la noción de alfabetización académica (Carlino, 2005, 2013). La metodología fue complementaria (Cook y Reichardt, 2000; Creswell, 2009), con enfoque predominantemente cualitativo en el que se usó la teoría fundamentada, enmarcada dentro del paradigma interpretativo. En la investigación de campo se realizó una entrevista a diez profesores; y se aplicaron cuestionarios a docentes y estu-diantes. Los resultados muestran que los textos académicos más solicitados son los ensayos y los exámenes. También se evidenció que los textos que escriben los alumnos responden más con las formas de evaluación que con un enfoque didáctico, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad de generar orientaciones acerca de cómo enseñar los géneros requeridos.
Erwerbsarbeit als Wachstumstreiberin erkennen und überwinden
Authors: Nutzinger Hans G.
Published: March 2020

Nach wie vor dominiert eine wachstumsorientierte Wirtschaftspolitik und -praxis, während zugleich ein breiter, wenn auch diffuser Konsens darüber besteht, ,,dass es so nicht weitergehen kann“. In ihrem früheren Sammelband Postwachstumsgesellschaft haben Irmi
Seidl und Angelika Zahrnt bereits aufgezeigt, wie ein Wirtschaftsmodell aussehen könnte, das nicht mehr existenziell auf Wachstum angewiesen ist. Nun nehmen sie die Erwerbsarbeit als zentrale Wachstumstreiberin ins Visier.
Klimaneutrale Unternehmen und Verwaltungen: Wirksamer Klimaschutz oder Grünfärberei?
Authors: Huckestein Burkhard
Published: March 2020

Immer mehr Unternehmen und Verwaltungen wollen klimaneutral werden, etwa um ihr Image zu verbessern. Trotz oder gerade aufgrund ihrer Popularität sind freiwillige Initiativen, etwa Aufforstungsprojekte, mit denen Treibhausgasemissionen kompensiert werden sollen, umstritten. Kritiker(innen)
sehen darin eher Grünfärberei als einen wirksamen Beitrag zum Klimaschutz. Organisationen, die es mit dem Klimaschutz ernst meinen, formulieren Anforderungen, die auch die Vermeidung und Reduzierung von Treibhausgasen einschließen.More and more companies and administrations
want to become climate neutral, for example to improve their corporate image. Such voluntary initiatives are as popular as they are controversial, among others reforestation to compensate greenhouse gas emissions. Critics regard them as greenwashing rather than a contribution to climate protection.
To avoid this reproach, requirements are needed that rule out greenwashing and include prevention and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
Tracing power in transdisciplinary sustainability research: an exploration
Authors: Fritz Livia , Meinherz Franziska
Published: March 2020

Power is involved when researchers and practitioners work together in transdisciplinary sustainability research. Among other things, this has implications regarding who gets to decide which research questions are dealt with and which partners are involved, and may impede or foster joint
knowledge production.We propose empirical questions that allow for the power dynamics to be rendered visible, thus providing a first step towards tackling them.While transdisciplinary (TD) sustainability research is closely tied to ideas of societal change, critical enquiries into power
dynamics both within and stemming from these practices have been scant. In this article, we operationalise theories of power for an exploration of the multiple ways in which power relations pervade interactions between researchers and practitioners in these knowledge production processes.
By combining theories of power over, power to and power with, we propose a set of empirical questions to systematically study both productive and repressive forms of power. Using empirical examples, we illustrate how the proposed approach makes it possible to trace power throughout
TD processes: in 1. developing the project and framing the research problem, 2. co-producing knowledge, and 3. bringing results to fruition. The power perspective proposed here can guide the thinking of those actors involved in TD processes as well as meta-analyses by third parties. An enhanced
understanding of the workings of power can help improve process design and facilitate reflexive TD practice.