bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Body Fat Composition Enhances the Predictive Ability of Changes in White Blood Cell Levels Associated with the Risk of Chronic Disease Development
Authors: Chae Jisuk , Kim Minjoo , Lee Jong Ho , Yoo Hye Jin
Published: June 2021

The study aimed to revalidate the influence of WBCs on chronic disease risk factors and to verify which markers are independently involved in WBC level changes in a Korean population. A total of 80 Korean subjects were divided into three groups, according to the WBC count: mild decrease in WBC, normal WBC, and mild increase in WBC. Fasting blood samples for analyzing biochemical parameters and inflammatory markers were obtained from the subjects, and their body fat composition was evaluated by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography. The WBC levels were related to levels of adiponectin, triglyceride, and insulin, which are associated with the risk of chronic diseases. In the mild increase in WBC group, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and TNF-α levels increased, and s.c. fat area at the first lumbar vertebrae and fourth lumbar vertebrae decreased. The WBC count positively correlated with hs-CRP and TNF-α levels and most of the body fat composition data, evaluated by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography. Notably, hs-CRP and TNF-α levels, fat mass, and visceral-to–s.c. fat area ratio at the first lumbar vertebrae were revealed as independent predictors of WBC level change. Finally, the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the additional use of body fat composition data with the conventional inflammatory markers reliably enhanced the predictive capacity of WBC level changes. Thus, we suggest that by controlling inflammatory markers and body fat composition, WBC levels can be kept within a range that is safe from the risk of chronic diseases.
Retargeting IL-2 Signaling to NKG2D-Expressing Tumor-Infiltrating Leukocytes Improves Adoptive Transfer Immunotherapy
Authors: Banerjee Anirban , Li Dongge , Guo Yizhan , Mahgoub Bayan , Paragas Lea , Slobin Jacqueline , Mei Zhongcheng , Manafi Amir , Hata Atsushi , Li Kang , Shi Lei , Westwick John , Slingluff Craig , Lazear Eric , Krupnick Alexander Sasha
Published: June 2021

Ex vivo expansion followed by reinfusion of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TILs) has been used successfully for the treatment of multiple malignancies. Most protocols rely on the use of the cytokine IL-2 to expand TILs prior to reinfusion. In addition, TIL administration relies on systemic administration of IL-2 after reinfusion to support transferred cell survival. The use of IL-2, however, can be problematic because of its preferential expansion of regulatory T and myeloid cells as well as its systemic side effects. In this study, we describe the use of a novel IL-2 mutant retargeted to NKG2D rather than the high-affinity IL-2R for TIL-mediated immunotherapy in a murine model of malignant melanoma. We demonstrate that the NKG2D-retargeted IL-2 (called OMCPmutIL-2) preferentially expands TIL-resident CTLs, such as CD8+ T cells, NK cells, and γδT cells, whereas wild-type IL-2 provides a growth advantage for CD4+Foxp3+ T cells as well as myeloid cells. OMCPmutIL-2–expanded CTLs express higher levels of tumor-homing receptors, such as LFA-1, CD49a, and CXCR3, which correlate with TIL localization to the tumor bed after i.v. injection. Consistent with this, OMCPmutIL-2–expanded TILs provided superior tumor control compared with those expanded in wild-type IL-2. Our data demonstrate that adoptive transfer immunotherapy can be improved by rational retargeting of cytokine signaling to NKG2D-expressing CTLs rather than indiscriminate expansion of all TILs.
An overview of surgery-first orthognathic approach
Authors: Ahmadvand Atefe , Alavi Shiva , Mehraban Saeed Hasani
Published: June 2021

The most common orthognathic surgery approach consists of three steps: presurgical orthodontic treatment, surgery, and postsurgical orthodontic treatment. Despite its advantages, this technique has some disadvantages, too, including a long treatment period, problems in mastication and articulation, temporary worsening of the patient's appearance, and psychological problems for the patient. The introduction of the surgery-first orthognathic approach has been an attempt to overcome these problems. In this article, we wish to provide a comprehensive overview on this approach. In this approach, which consists of surgery without orthodontic preparation and a short period of orthodontic treatment after it, the overall duration of treatment decreases and the patient's appearance improves. The skeletal anchorage, placed at the time of surgery, can be used to facilitate tooth movements after surgery. Despite the advantages of this technique, it is associated with some limitations; in particular, occlusion cannot have a guiding role during surgery. Therefore, correct diagnosis, prediction of the outcomes, and simulating correction with the model setup are of crucial importance. The surgeon's knowledge and expertise have a significant role in this respect.
Microstructural, microchemical, and mechanical changes associated with the clinical reuse of two nickel–titanium endodontic instruments
Authors: Restrepo-Restrepo Felipe Augusto , Holguín-Vásquez Viviana Andrea , Cañas-Jiménez Syldana Julieth , Villa-Machado Paula Andrea , Ochoa-Soto Sara , Ossa-Orozco Claudia Patricia , Tobón-Arroyave Sergio Iván
Published: June 2021

Background:

Nickel–titanium (NiTi) instruments have represented a great technological development that enabled endodontists conforming irregular-shaped root canals. Notwithstanding, the repeated use of these instruments may lead to the fracture without any prior visible warning signs. This study aimed to evaluate how multiple clinical instrumentation/sterilization cycles of two NiTi mechanized instruments can affect their microstructural, microchemical, and mechanical characteristics.

Materials and Methods:

In this observational descriptive study, a total of 140 NiTi instruments, 70 ProTaper Gold® (PTG) and 70 WaveOne Gold® (WOG) were analyzed. For each brand system, instruments were evaluated in the as-received condition (n = 10) and after one (n = 20), two (n = 20), and three (n = 20) instrumentation/sterilization cycles. Intraoperative instrumentation parameters were recorded for all used instruments. Afterward, the files were examined using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. All of the instruments were tensile-fatigue tested until rupture in order to calculate the mechanical tensile strength and the maximum elongation percentage for the samples. Statistical analysis was completed using Chi-square, Kruskal–Wallis H-, or Mann–Whitney U-tests with a statistical significance set at P < 0.05.

Results:

Significant increasing changes in surface topography (P < 0.05, Chi-square test) and chemical composition (P < 0.05, Kruskal–Wallis H-test) in both brand systems through instrumentation/sterilization cycles were detected. In addition, values of mechanical tensile strength and maximum elongation percentage increased significantly through instrumentation/sterilization cycles in the PTG group, whereas only the median values of mechanical tensile strength increased significantly in the WOG group (all P < 0.01, Kruskal–Wallis H-test).

Conclusion:

Although multiple instrumentation/sterilization cycles may render NiTi instruments more flexible and fatigue resistant, the significant changes detected in their surface topography and chemical composition should preclude their repeated clinical use in the routine endodontic practice as prevention for breakage.
A randomized parallel design trial of the efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid, dexmedetomidine and nitroglycerin in controlling intraoperative bleeding and improving surgical field quality during septorhinoplasty under general anesthesia
Authors: Modir Hesameddin , Moshiri Esmail , Naseri Narges , Faraji Fatemeh , Almasi-Hashiani Amir
Published: June 2021

In this blinded clinical trial, we attempted to compare the efficacy and safety of administering tranexamic acid, dexmedetomidine and nitroglycerin in preventing intraoperative bleeding and improving the quality of the surgical field during septorhinoplasty under general anesthesia. A total of 105 patients scheduled for septorhinoplasty were enrolled and randomly assigned into three groups based on the balanced-block randomization method. First group received 1 μg/kg intravenous injection dexmedetomidine, second group received 10 mg/kg intravenous injection tranexamic acid and third group received 0.5 μg/kg nitroglycerin, intravenously. The study sample was composed of 105 participants with the total mean age of 25.85 ± 6.52 years, and 59.05% of participants were female and the mean of body mass index was 24.34 ± 2.57 kg/m2. The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in terms of arterial oxygen saturation, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, bleeding rate, duration of surgery, and surgeon satisfaction among the three groups; however, there was a significant difference in the extubation time, recovery time and the dose of administered propofol among the three groups. Dexmedetomidine reduced the dose of administered propofol while increasing the extubation time and recovery time. In the tranexamic acid group compared with the other two groups, the recovery time was shorter. However, all the three drugs could reduce intraoperative bleeding and lead to surgeon satisfaction. It can be concluded that all these three drugs can be utilized to control bleeding and improve the quality of the surgical field but the ultimate decision lies with the anesthesiologist’s judgment and the conditions of the patient. The study protocol was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (registration No. IRCT20141209020258N121) on September 24, 2019 and it was ethically approved by the Ethical Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (approval No. IR.ARAKMU.REC.1397.355) on February 24, 2019.
The prognostic value of decrease in prognostic nutritional index in stage III non-small cell lung cancer patients during curative thoracic radiotherapy
Authors: Kaymak Zumrut Arda , Ozkan Emine Elif
Published: June 2021

Background:

Curative thoracic radiotherapy (CTRT) with concurrent chemotherapy has been considered as standard treatment approach for stage-III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The hematological and esophageal toxicities that have been encountered during CTRT would affect the immunonutritional status of the patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic value of the change in pre- and post-treatment prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in stage-III NSCLC patients.

Methods:

Eighty seven consecutive stage III NSCLC patients’ data were collected. Pre-radiotherapy (RT) and post-RT PNI values were calculated and the impact of prognostic value of PNI change on overall survival (OS) was evaluated by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. A cutoff value of PNI change was obtained by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results:

The cutoff value was found to be a 22% decrease in PNI by ROC curve analysis in terms of effect on OS. The median OS of low and high PNI decrease groups were 22.5 and 16.5 months respectively (P = 0,001). In univariate and multivariate analyses PNI decrease of ≥ 22% was found to be an independent poor prognostic factor for OS (P = 0.012) and hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)= 2.05 (1.16–3.62).

Conclusion:

The PNI change would be a convenient parameter to assess the immunonutritional status of the patient at the end of CTRT. A decrease of more than 22% of PNI value may predict poor prognosis.
Extended-spectrum of KRAS and NRAS mutations in lung cancer tissue specimens obtained with bronchoscopy
Authors: Basdemirci Muserref , Zamani Adil , Zamani Ayse G. , Findik Siddika , Yildirim Mahmut S
Published: June 2021

Background:

Mutations in the RAS genes, HRAS, KRAS, and NRAS, are the most common modifications in many types of human tumors and are found in approximately 30% of all human cancers. These mutations are usually found in codons 12, 13, or 61.

Methods:

The aim of this study is to evaluate mutations in codons 59, 117, and 146 of KRAS and NRAS genes in addition to codons 12,13, and 61 of KRAS gene in lung cancer tissue specimens obtained with bronchoscopy. KRAS and NRAS mutation analyses with pyrosequencing were performed on DNA isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples of 64 patients histopathologically diagnosed as lung cancer after bronchoscopic biopsy.

Results:

In all, 20 patients (31.2%) had mutations in KRAS gene (8/27 squamous cell carcinoma, 8/11 adenocarcinoma, 3/16 small cell carcinoma, and 1/1 pleomorphic carcinoma). The most common mutation in codon 12 was in c.35G>T (G12V). When the mutation rate of adenocarcinoma (72.7%) and squamous cell carcinoma (22.9%) patients was compared with each other, a statistically significant difference was observed (P = 0.008). There were no mutations in codons 59, 117, or 146 of KRAS and NRAS genes in patients with lung cancer.

Conclusion:

In this study, we firstly examined mutations in codons 59, 117, and 146 of KRAS and NRAS genes in addition to codons 12, 13, and 61 of KRAS gene in Turkish lung cancer patients both in non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. Although no mutation was detected in codons 59, 117, and 146 of KRAS and NRAS genes, the frequency of KRAS gene mutation was higher than the rate of mutation in both Asian and Western countries, and multicenter studies including more cases should be performed to further explore our results.
Factors influencing women to participate in cervical cancer screening by providing menstrual pads
Authors: Budukh Atul , Maheshwari Amita , Bagal Sonali , Singh Arpit , Deodhar Kedar , Panse Nandkumar , Palyekar Vrushali , Dikshit Rajesh , Badwe Rajendra
Published: June 2021

Background:

India accounts for a quarter of the world cervical cancer burden. Cervical cancer is highly preventable. However, low level of participating women in screening is one of the major issues. The aim of this work was to study the factors that influence women to participate in cervical cancer screening by providing menstrual pads for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing.

Methods:

Menstrual clothes were collected from two different populations from the rural areas of Maharashtra state for HPV testing to screen for cervical cancer. For this study, out of 945 participated women, 557 (58.9%) provided their menstrual pads. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI).

Results:

The probability of providing the menstrual pads was high among the women who were highly educated compared to those with less education (OR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.0–1.9), having mobile phone facilities as compared to those with no mobile phones (OR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.0–2.0), who were using new cloths as menstrual pads compared to those who did not use the same (OR: 8.5; 95% CI: 5.0–14.3), who did not have tobacco habit as compared to those who had tobacco habit (OR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1–1.9) and in the village where health worker was stationed as compared to the village where health worker was not stationed (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.4–2.5).

Conclusion:

Factors including health worker availability, using mobile phones for communication and high education level facilitate women’s participation. To improve the participation, there is need to apply special strategies for older age group, less educated women and women having tobacco habit.
Rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in pus samples of suspected cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis by GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay and its comparison with conventional methods
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Muni Sweta , Pankaj Deepak , Kumar Randhir , Saurabh Kumar , Kumar Shailesh , Kumari Namrata , Shahi Shivendra Kumar
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

GeneXpert MTB/RIF or cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test is a rapid diagnostic tool used for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its resistance to rifampicin. It can be offered as a first-line diagnostic modality in suspected cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB). This study was done to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay for the detection of M. tuberculosis in extrapulmonary specimens and its resistance to rifampicin.

Materials and Methods:

This study was done in the Department of Microbiology at Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, over a period 18 months from January 2018 to June 2019 in 508 patients. The analysis and interpretation of the data were performed using Microsoft excel. The quantitative data obtained were expressed as percentage in tabular form.

Results:

Out of a total of 508 pus samples in suspected extrapulmonary TB patients, the percentage of males was more than females with male-to-female ratio being 1.6:1. Among the testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by various methods, maximum detection was done by Xpert MTB/RIF assay in 37% of cases. The least number of cases were detected by Ziehl–Neelsen staining (8.1%). Rifampicin resistance was detected in 14.9% of cases (28/188) while its resistance was not detected in 85.1% of cases (160/188) among cases of M. tuberculosis detected. Many of the negative samples on fluorescent and Ziehl–Neelsen staining came to be positive with GeneXpert testing assuring the sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay.

Conclusion:

In today's era when we are going for TB elimination, not only rapid TB case detection but also the early determination of multidrug resistance status is of prime value. This will not only assist in the identification of the patient with disease and drug resistance but also initiate prompt early intervention and treatment and moving a step closer in achieving the goal of TB elimination.
Study of seroconversion for severe acute respiratory syndrome
Authors: Kumari Rekha , Kumari Sweta , Kumar Santosh , Bharti Neha
Published: June 2021

Background:

SARS-CoV-2 possess higher risk of infection to Health Care Worker (HCW) from patients or other fellow HCW.

Aims and Objective:

The aim of this study is to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Ig G antibody in a sample of HCW chosen randomly from a tertiary care hospital in Patna Bihar.

Results:

Of the 169 participants screened from 8 July to 26 August 2020, 10.1%, (95% CI: 5.97-15.62) were seropositive for IgG antibody against SARS-CoV-2. The cumulative prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection (presence of antibodies or past or current positive rRT-PCR) was 10.7% (95% CI: 6.4–16.3). Among those with evidence of past or current infection, 5.6 % (1/18) had not been previously diagnosed with COVID-19.

Conclusion:

We have observed a relatively low seroprevalence of antibodies among HCW at the peak of the COVID-19 epidemic in IGIMS Patna. Seroconversion occur with a mean of 14 days in HCW from the day of diagnosis with past or present infection of COVID-19.
Rhino-oculo-cerebral mucormycosis with acute kidney injury
Authors: Singh Prit Pal , Mazumdar Prajit , Krishna Amresh , Kumar Om
Published: June 2021

Rhino-oculo-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is a rare but life-threatening opportunistic fungal infection that usually occurs in immunocompromised patients. Initial symptoms can be nonspecific causing a delay in diagnosis. We report a case of type 2 diabetic female with acute kidney injury who presented with fever, rhino-orbital swelling, and painful diminution of vision of the left eye secondary to infective ROCM. She was treated with liposomal amphotericin B and surgical debridement. She recovered from ROCM and her renal dysfunction improved, but she lost vision in her left eye. Our case highlights the need for early recognition of signs and symptoms so that the treatment can be initiated early before further invasion results in complete destruction of the eyeball and fatal intracranial lesions.
عناية السنة النبوية الشريفة بسلامة الإنسان الأحاديث الواردة في النوم أنموذجًا
Authors: د. مسعود بن محمد القحطاني د. مسعود بن محمد القحطاني
Published: June 2021

. الحمد لله رب العالمين، وصلى الله وسلم على نبينا محمد وآله وصحبه أجمعين، يتكون هذا البحث من مبحثين تظهر عناية السنة النبوية الشريفة بسلامة الإنسان قبل النوم وعنده وبعده. ومن النتائج: النهي عن ترك النار مشتعلة عند النوم واستحباب غسل اليدين قبل النوم وبعده واستحباب النوم مبكرا والاستيقاظ باكراً. التوصيات: دراسة الأحاديث النبوية الشريفة التي تتعلق بسلامة الإنسان في كافة الجوانب ونشرها في مختلف وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي وذلك حفظاً على سلامة الناس واقتداء بسنة نبينا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم وإظهاراً لهذا الدين الحق.
مفاتيح المنهج السردي لدى أمبرتو إيكو صياغة جديدة لنظريات"القراءة" بين السيميائية والتأويلية
Authors: د. أسماء صالح حسن الزهراني د. أسماء صالح حسن الزهراني
Published: June 2021

. يتناول البحث أعمال الناقد الإيطالي الأصل "أمبرتو ايكو" في نظرية السرد، وتتمثل أهمية البحث في الجدوى الكبيرة لهذه الأعمال بالنسبة للدرس السردي العربي الحديث، في حين لم تحظ باهتمام يلائم جدواها. وجاء عمله في السردية في سياق سعيه لإعادة التوازن إلى المناهج النقدية بمختلف اتجاهاتها، التي تأرجحت ما بين الاحتفاء بالمؤلف على حساب العمل، وقتل المؤلف انتصارا للعمل. ويهدف البحث لتعريف القارئ المتخصص بالبصمة المميزة التي تركها ايكو في النظرية السردية، مطوعا حقولا معرفية متعددة، عبر أعمال عديدة، تجعل من الاطلاع على تفاصيلها مهمة ليست يسيرة. ويروم البحث الإلمام بمجمل تلك الأعمال لتيسير تلك المهمة، ببسط محاور واضحة بقدر الإمكان، ووضع خلاصة نظرية، غير منعزلة بالطبع عن تأويل كاتبها، وقد استعان البحث بمنهج وصفي مدعما بالاستقراء والتحليل، من أجل ضبط تناوله تلك الأعمال.
A Study on Purchase Intention of Consumers towards Convenience Food Products: Cross-sectional study in Bhubaneswar City
Authors: Mishra Bidhu Bhusan , Mishra Bidhu Bhusan
Published: June 2021

The present study aims to analyze the impact of health consciousness, natural content, food safety and product familiarity on purchase intention to consume convenience food through mediating variable attitude and the correlation among the constructs. The research frameworks developed for the study is based on theory of reason action. The study was conducted in Bhubaneswar city, and the data obtained from 375 household is analyzed through regression techniques and Pearson’s correlation with the help of analytical software SPSS (20). The result revealed that health consciousness, natural content, food safety and product familiarity has significant impact on purchase intention through intervening variable attitude. Another finding shows that positive and significant correlation existed between purchase intention and attitude, natural content, food safety and product familiarity.
Switching cargo capacity to the transport hub of Ust-Luga
Authors: Moroz Ju. A. , Illarionova A. N.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the article is to assess the probability of transferring the cargo flow of the main cargo of Belarus from the Baltic ports to the railways of Russia and Russian ports in the Baltic. Using such theoretical methods of research as analysis, generalization, forecasting and hypothesizing, the main trends in the development of the railway network and Russian ports in the Baltic Sea, as well as factors affecting the likelihood of changes in the scheme of cargo flows of export cargo, are identified. Brief conclusions are made about the probability of changes in cargo traffic. In particular, it was found that such criteria as the price offered by Russian logistics companies and port operators for servicing significant volumes of Belarusian cargo, as well as the development of logistics chains, will have a significant impact on the decision of Belarus to abandon the services of Baltic ports. A study of the operational activities of the Baltic sea ports and the Lenin-grad Region suggests that they take place in a highly competitive environment and require constant work to diversify cargo flows, as well as investments to modernize the port and related railway infrastructure. The construction of the Ust-Luga railway junction has brought this junction to a leading position not only in Russia, but also in Europe. The Ust-Luga transport hub is capable of processing 20 types of cargo at 12 terminals, according to the level of technological equipment. It is assumed that when the port of Ust-Luga reaches its maximum capacity by 2024, the transit potential of Belarusian cargo will be fully provided.
İslam Kültüründe Tenkit ve Tenkit Adabı
Authors: ŞEKER Necmeddin
Published: June 2021

İnsanları birbirinden ayıran temel özelliklerden birisi düşünme, anlama ve yorumlama yetilerindeki öznelliktir. Her insanda nev-i şahsına münhasır bir şekilde var olan bu istidat ve kabiliyetleri tetikleyen önemli unsurlardan birisi de fıtratlarında mevcut olan araştırma, inceleme ve değerlendirme melekesidir. Bunun bilim dilindeki adı tenkittir. Tenkit bir yönüyle insanlar arasında bir oto kontrol işlevi gördüğü gibi diğer taraftan bilimin ve düşüncenin de en müessir saikıdır. Hem bireylerinin hem de toplumların terakkisinde önemli rol oynayan bu zihnî faaliyetten beklenen neticenin hâsıl olması, onun usulüne ve adabına göre icra edilmesine bağlıdır. Aksi takdirde fayda yerine zarar vermesi kaçınılmazdır. Bu çalışmada İslam kültürü bağlamında tenkidin anlamı, önemi ve muhtevası üzerinde kısaca durulmuş, buna bağlı olarak da ilmî ve ahlâkî bir tenkit faaliyetinde bulunması gereken bir kısım ilkeler tespit edilerek değerlendirilmiştir.
Embracing community-building in online classes to promote academic integrity
Authors: KARJAGDİ ÇOLAK Miranda , GLENDİNNİNG Irene
Published: June 2021

Given that universities have transitioned to emergency remote teaching, academic integrity becomes a subject of ongoing inquiry. Students taking an English Preparatory Program (EPP) in universities aim to gain sufficient proficiency in English to continue with their courses in their departments. In an online teaching context, coping with requirements of the EFL (English as a foreign language) curriculum becomes a challenge for the students as students are deprived of their communities where they collaborate, interact and learn from each other. In this sense, teachers need to refocus not only on subject matter, but also ethical mores of academe and it is often simple day-to-day practices that build the community and establish a climate of integrity. While academic integrity has been researched extensively, more research is still needed about developing a learning community in online classes as a way to promote academic integrity. This investigation seeks to explore daily teaching practices towards community-building and analyse elements of the curriculum that work in favour of academic integrity in the context of emergency remote teaching. Six teachers and eighty EFL students (N=86) in an EPP of a state university in Turkey participated in the study. This case study drew upon an exploratory sequential mixed methods approach. The triangulation of the findings was carried out through a combination of various data sources. Qualitative data were collected through content analysis of course syllabi, assignment documents and policy statements, classroom self-observations; and focus groups with teachers and students. Quantitative data were gathered through a short survey with questions specifically designed for this context. Another aim of using the survey was to promote awareness on academic integrity among students. The results from multiple sources revealed that community-building not only facilitates positive collaboration in online classes, but also creates room for mutual trust and reduces chances of academic misconduct. Exploring results from the research can help faculty design measures to prevent academic dishonesty and eventually shape institutional policies. The positive implications for classroom practices of community-building towards academic integrity are discussed.
KONSTITUSIONALITAS TANGGUNG JAWAB NEGARA DALAM MELINDUNGI PEMBELA HAK ASASI MANUSIA
Authors: Santoso Adi Purnomo , Liliyana Dina
Published: June 2021

After the amendment of 1999-2002, the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia 1945 (UUD NRI 1945) as the constitution has contained material or substance more complete to the protection of human rights (human rights) than before the amendment. This is however a commitment of the state to qualify the existence of Indonesia as a state of Pancasila law that embraces constitutional democracy. In the epicentre of human rights protection, including how the state's responsibility in protecting human rights defenders. However, in contrast to what is regulated in the text of the constitution, in practice as revealed in the report of the Institute for Public Studies and Advocacy (ELSAM) noted that during 2019, there have been 27 cases of violence against environmental defenders with the spread of cases reaching 14 provinces and 24 districts and resulted in 127 individuals and 50 groups of Environmental Human Rights Defenders being victimized. This study aims to describe and review how the responsibility of the state in protecting human rights defenders constitutionally. The research method used is normative research with qualitative analysis approach, where data collection is done through literature studies. The result of this research is that Indonesia as the state of Pancasila law has constitutionally mandated the state (government) to specifically protect human rights defenders. By protecting human rights defenders, the state is not only implementing the constitution as the substance of living law, but also as an effort to promote universal human dignity and dignity.
Association of myofascial trigger points in neck and shoulder region with depression, anxiety and stress among university students
Authors: Muhammad Kashif  , Shahira Tahir  , Faiqa Ashfaq  , Sania Farooq  , Wizra Saeed  , Admin
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective: To determine the prevalence of myofascial trigger points in the shoulder and neck region, and to assess association with depression, anxiety and stress.
Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted from January to September 2019 at Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Pakistan, and comprised students from different universities in Faisalabad. Myofascial trigger points were identified among the subjects using palpation method by a therapist. Depression anxiety stress scale was used to determine the level of depression, anxiety and stress. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.
Results: Of the 2000 subjects, 970(49%) were male and 1030(52%) were female. The overall age range was 18-25 years. Myofascial trigger points were present in 1727(86.4%) subjects and absent in 273(13.7%). The trigger points had significant association with depression, anxiety and stress (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Myofascial trigger points were quite common among university students and were associated with depression, anxiety and stress.
Key Words: Anxiety, Depression, Myofascial trigger points, Myofascial pain syndrome, Stress, Students.
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Permasalahan dan Alternatif Strategi Kebijakan dalam Upaya Penurunan Angka Kematian Ibu (Studi di Kabupaten Pasaman Barat, Provinsi SumateraBarat)
Authors: Media Yulfira
Published: June 2021

Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) masih menjadi masalah besar dan perlu mendapatkan perhatian yang serius di Indonesia dan termasuk juga di Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Tujuan penelitian adalah menggambarkan permasalahan dalam penurunan AKI dan merumuskan alternatif strategi kebijakan dalam upaya penurunannya. Penelitian dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa beberapa permasalahan dalam upaya penurunan AKI adalah belum memadainya ketersediaan akses pelayanan kesehatan ibu dan anak, dan permasalahan sosial budaya dan ekonomi masyarakat dalam pemanfaatan layanan kesehatan ibu dan anak. Dalam upaya penurunan AKI ada beberapa  alternatif strategi kebijakan yaitu strategi peningkatan ketersediaan dan mutu penanganan kesehatan ibu di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan serta penguatan rujukan persalinan, penguatan kapasitas sumber daya kesehatan  yang mempunyai kompetensi, peningkatan cakupan pelayanan kesehatan ibu yang lebih menitikberatkan promotif dan preventif dan optimalisasi  pemberdayaan masyarakat.
The Timing of Ritual Performance in Hittite Texts: The “Morning” Rites
Authors: ÇİLİNGİR CESUR Sevgül
Published: June 2021

Hittite rituals can be defined as religious practices that are meant to activate supernatural powers for the sake of a human being. These systematic practices were enacted under the supervision of ritual practitioners in case of any negative situations namely illness, black magic, epidemic and evil. Considering Hittite texts, it
is noticeable that a ritual was carried out on any day of the year on the request of the ritual patron. Although there is not a pre-determined time for performing a ritual, it is intrinsic for these religious practices that they have their own sense of time. Furthermore, the concepts of time are applied in an extremely systematic
fashion and “ritual time” is a phenomenon, which plays an important role in regulating the course of the rites. Although the perception of time in Hittite rituals has been previously studied, there is not yet any systematic research focusing merely on the morning period. Therefore, this article aims at contributing the significance of time by investigating Hittite magical ritual texts with regard to the terms used for the morning period and the typical rites performed in that part of the day by comparing
the data obtained from ritual texts listed under CTH 390-500.
Reassessing the Origin of Polis in Lycia and Southwest Anatolia
Authors: DAEMS Dries
Published: June 2021

The polis was one of the most important community forms in antiquity. Its origins are situated in the Aegean during the eighth century BCE. At the same time, the concept has been applied on a far larger spatial and temporal context. This article will focus on what the emergence of polis communities beyond the Aegean heartland entailed. The aim is to move beyond a one-sided Hellenocentric approach. I will discuss the emergence and development of urban and political communities in southwestern Anatolia - focusing on Lycia, Pamphylia and Pisidia - through archaeological evidence from settlement patterns and material culture. I will study polis formation through the lens of push-pull interactions as drivers of community organization by means of a comparison between two models of change: peer polity interaction and the royal policy model. This article shows that the development of political and urban communities, subsumed under the moniker of polis formation, should be dissociated from Hellenization and the spread of Greek culture. Complex and multidimensional processes of community formation cannot be unilaterally reduced to Greek influences. The observed changes can be explained by the superposition of actors on multiple levels pursuing their aims and strategies within a locally and regionally embedded context.
Rusya Türklerinin Kurucu Meclis Seçimlerine Katılımları ve Sonuçları
Authors: Çalışkan Ülkü
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmada, Rusya Türklerinin yaşadıkları bölgelerdeki Kurucu Meclis seçim sonuçları karşılaştırılmış, analiz ve değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Kazanan Müslüman milletvekillerinin isimleri tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Seçim hazırlıkları, Geçici Hükümet iktidardayken başladığından süreç bu dönemden itibaren incelenmiştir. Ayrıca Petrograd’a gelen Müslüman milletvekillerinin faaliyetlerinin aydınlatılmasına çalışılmıştır. Dönemin kaynakları haricinde seçim bölgelerindeki oylama sonuçları üzerinde çalışan Rus araştırmacıların verilerinden istifade edilmiştir. Buna göre, Şubat İhtilali sonrasında Rusya Türklerinin ortak amacının mecliste mümkün olduğu kadar çok Müslüman milletvekilinin olmasını sağlamak, millî talepleri gündeme getirmek ve mecliste kendi lehlerine kararlar alınması yönünde girişimde bulunmak olduğu söylenebilir. Seçimler, 12-14 Kasım 1917 tarihleri arasında 82 seçim bölgesinin yarısından çoğunda zamanında yapıldı. Genel olarak Kurucu Meclis seçimleri 3 aydan fazla sürdü. Ancak çeşitli sebeplerle seçimlerin ertelendiği, yapılsa bile sonuçlarının tam olarak alınamadığı ya da hiç yapılamadığı bölgeler arasında Batı Türkistan oblastları başta geldi. Seçimlerde her bölgede tek milletvekili aday listesinin oluşturulmasına dikkat edilmedi. Uygun olduğu takdirde sosyalist partilerle blok kurma kararına üç bölge hariç uyulmadığı anlaşılmaktadır. Türkler, çoğunlukla kendi milletvekili aday listelerine oy vermeyi tercih ettiler. Türklerin oy kullandığı bölgelerde kendi listeleri başarılı değilse genellikle seçimleri Sosyalist Devrimciler Partisi kazandı. Seçimlerin hiç yapılamadığı yerler hariç aralarında gayri Türk Müslüman milletvekilleri ve Müslüman listesinde olmayan Türk milletvekilleri de dahil edilmekle birlikte 68 milletvekili Kurucu Meclis’e girmeye hak kazandı. Meclisin ilk ve tek oturumuna 11 Müslüman milletvekilinin katıldığı tespit edilebildi. 5 Ocak 1918 tarihinde kurulan fraksiyona “Müslüman Sosyalist Fraksiyonu” adının verilmesi ve genel olarak seçim sürecine bakıldığında seçilen bütün milletvekillerinin bu fraksiyonda birleşmesi pek mümkün görünmemekteydi. 17 Ocak 1918 tarihinde yayımlanan kararnameyle bazı fraksiyon milletvekillerinin katılımıyla Milliyetler Halk Komiserliği’ne bağlı Müslüman Komiserliği kuruldu. Bir kısım Türk milletvekilleri ise iç savaş esnasında Samara’da kurulan Kurucu Meclis Üyeleri Komitesi’yle (KOMUÇ) birlikte Bolşeviklere karşı mücadele etmeyi tercih etti.
ANAIS DO I CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE MEDICINA DO SUDOESTE DO PARANÁ
Authors: INTERNACIONAL DE MEDICINA DO SUDOESTE DO PARANÁ ANAIS DO I CONGRESSO
Published: June 2021

Comissão Científica I Congresso Internacional Médico do Sudoeste do Paraná Carolina PanisEmanuela Kerkhoff UtzigFernanda Mara AlvesGéssica Tuani TeixeiraJanaína Carla da SilvaJulia Fratin da SilvaMaria Eduarda Fontana VasselaiMariane Okamoto FerreiraNathally Ghilardi CardosoRayana Turra Damo Rodrigo KernStefania Tagliari de Oliveira
INTERNETÊS VERSUS ESCRITA FORMAL: A NOVA ESCRITA E SEUS DESDOBRAMENTOS
Authors: Gallardo Barbara Cristina , Kobayashi Eliana
Published: June 2021

Com o advento da internet, o acesso ao meio digital proporcionou novas formas de comunicação, dentre elas, a escrita com características de fala, em um contexto mais abrangente do que o meio físico, além de um acesso mais abrangente à informação. Com isso, as práticas de leitura e escrita mudaram significativamente, promovendo outros olhares para as inadequações gramaticais e o surgimento de uma escrita própria da internet: o internetês. Neste trabalho, analisamos a reescrita de 4 posts publicados em uma rede social online, realizadas por estudantes do 1º. ano do ensino médio de duas escolas, uma pública e uma privada.  O objetivo foi verificar i) a influência da escrita digital no conhecimento da norma padrão dos participantes; ii) semelhanças e discrepâncias entre os resultados dos dois grupos; iii) o equilíbrio entre os grupos, em relação à consciência dos gêneros textuais e a questões de situacionalidade. A metodologia empregada seguiu os preceitos do estudo de caso, tendo a pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o assunto como embasamento. É um estudo exploratório de natureza quanti-qualitativa, cujo instrumento de coleta foi um handout com a reprodução dos posts retirados de uma rede social e entregues aos estudantes para a leitura, identificação e reescrita de inadequações, próprias da escrita virtual. A fundamentação teórica foi ancorada, principalmente, nas discussões de Freitag e Fonseca e Silva (2006) e Mollica e Batista (2015) sobre as inadequações gramaticais; Komesu e Tanani (2009) sobre o internetês;  Marcuschi e Dionísio (2007) sobre a relação entre fala e escrita. Os resultados chamam a atenção para a necessidade da construção de práticas curriculares que contribuam para a conscientização de estudantes sobre o conhecimento de diferentes gêneros textuais, tendo em vista as práticas de leitura e escrita que participam na internet.
Além dos Alimentos Funcionais e Fitness: Desinformação e dieta sob viés emocional
Authors: Bevilacqua Solon , Silva Fernanda Rodrigues , Silva Claudia Soares
Published: June 2021

Este quase experimento pesquisou as escolhas do consumidor praticante frequente de atividade física no consumo de alimentos funcionais e fitness. Neste experimento natural foi testada a hipótese de que há associação entre os objetivos almejados com uma alimentação suplementar esportiva e a escolha de algumas cestas de produtos. Em três fases (I, II e III), foi questionado o objetivo da alimentação e as escolhas acerca de produtos organizados em opções não identificadas. (I) as cestas “emagrecer”, “ganho de massa muscular” e “saúde e bem-estar” não encontraram correspondência frente aos objetivos já declarados. (II) as cestas light, diet, orgânicos e integrais encontraram correspondência parcial na relação com o objetivo: os produtos light e orgânico foram relacionados com objetivos que não correspondiam as suas propriedades. (III) as cestas com 16 produtos foram apresentadas com preço e sem preço. Verificou-se que há fortes evidências para a refutação da hipótese de pesquisa, visto que os participantes da pesquisa não alinharam seus objetivos nutricionais com suas escolhas, suscitando um olhar para efeitos de viés emocional e desinformação.
Fenomenologia da Percepção: Uma abordagem para a investigação de experiência de consumo
Authors: Aguiar Edvan Cruz , Policarpo Manoela Costa
Published: June 2021

No campo de estudos do comportamento do consumidor, o fenômeno experiência de consumo tem despertado o interesse de pesquisadores e praticantes, especialmente nas últimas três décadas. A perspectiva do consumo experiencial surge para auxiliar na compreensão do comportamento de consumo voltado para a busca de fantasias, sentimentos e diversão, que se refere a um estado de consciência essencialmente subjetivo e com uma variedade de significados. No intuito de auxiliar pesquisadores do comportamento de consumidor, este ensaio objetiva propor uma abordagem metodológica para investigar o fenômeno experiência de consumo à luz da fenomenologia da percepção, do filósofo francês Merleau-Ponty (1908-1961). Apreende-se a experiência de consumo enquanto ocorrência particular do indivíduo, em que há relevância de cunho emocional e afetivo, fundamentada na interação entre os estímulos presentes nos produtos e serviços consumidos. O modelo proposto sistematiza o processo de apreensão da experiência de consumo por meio da identificação dos significados inerentes às atividades associadas ao comportamento do consumidor.
Mídias Digitais e Reações Negativas às Campanhas Publicitárias LGBT
Authors: Oliveira Arize Sousa Fernandes , Machado Monica
Published: June 2021

“Por que não investem em outra causa? Essa é safadeza pura”, “Heteros, vamos boicotar” e “É só pra vender mais” foram alguns dos comentários observados nas campanhas publicitárias online analisadas nesta pesquisa. O digital é uma experiência sociocultural, revelador de vínculos entre vivências locais e os usos das mídias digitais. Assim, ao analisar conteúdos que circulam na internet é possível construir um panorama dos contextos em que estão inseridos. Foram investigados os comentários no Facebook das campanhas #AvonPride, #MarcasAliadas e #OAmorNosConecta, promovidas, respectivamente, pela Avon, Skol e Uber, empresas signatárias do Fórum Empresas e Direitos LGBT. Os resultados da pesquisa apontaram opiniões que expressam desvalorização ao apoio, declarações de abandono de consumo e acusação de oportunismo. Ainda assim, vale destacar que a expressiva maioria dos comentários nas ações é positiva e muitas pessoas se identificam com os conteúdos: as mídias digitais podem gerar oportunidades para novas perspectivas sociais.
Produção de Sentidos na Indústria Cultural da Cerveja: Aspectos do processo discursivo nas ações de marketing de experiências
Authors: Monteiro Renato Augusto da Silva , Araujo Fábio Francisco de
Published: June 2021

A cerveja é a bebida alcoólica mais consumida no Brasil. As estratégias discursivas das ações de marketing representaram, em grande medida, um importante valor simbólico socialmente construído para direcionar hábitos e preferências. Recentemente, a experiência é introduzida como a nova tendência nas práticas empresariais para fomento do consumo. Este estudo parte da teoria crítica com o objetivo de analisar o processo discursivo promovido no Centro de Experiência Cervejeira da Bohemia (CECB) para compreender as estratégias de produção de sentido junto aos consumidores. Tratou-se de um estudo interpretativo descritivo, que utiliza a análise sócio-histórica e a técnica de análise de discurso para interpretação de imagens, textos e vídeos das salas de exposição. Os resultados apontam para a construção de uma elaboração discursiva a partir da experiência da visitação para criação de significados sobre a cerveja e a marca Bohemia, que visam à produção e à manutenção de determinados hábitos de consumo.
ENTRE LIVES E PANDEMIA: um relato de percurso do projeto Sensíveis Perspectivas
Authors: Sobral Costa Anamaria , Gomes Eline , Valerio Taciano , Stephanie Karlla , Pereira da Silva Andrew , De Souza Pedro Érico
Published: June 2021

Este relato descreve os caminhos do projeto de extensão Sensíveis Perspectivas, proposto pelo Laboratório de Sensibilidade (LabSensi), um laboratório conectado ao Núcleo de Ciências da Vida, da Faculdade de Medicina, do Centro Acadêmico do Agreste, da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE). O projeto compreendeu a realização de sete lives, discutindo e debatendo uma crise sanitária em meio à pandemia de Covid-19, que envolveram profissionais de saúde e de diversas outras áreas do conhecimento, a fim de alcançar uma abordagem sistêmica do problema, que inclui a via do sensível e os itinerários estéticos, éticos e sociais como dimensões incontornáveis para um pensamento integral em saúde.
Exploring audience inclusion in Facebook and Twitter reporting among young university students in South Africa : The case of #FeesMustFall
Authors:   , Olagunju Anu Christianah
Published: June 2021

Studies have shown how social media, including Facebook and Twitter are reshaping communication, news and Journalism. With the growing popularity of Social media for news sharing, there is a need to explore the audience-inclusion of these social media tools in news reporting. The audience approach expands our theorisation of social media especially for campaigns. In particular, it is important to explore the role social media plays in student protest, campaign or uprising in other to determine to what extent social media allows participation and audience inclusion in political (#FeesMustFall) and other contemporary discussions among students. This study considered the hashtag (#) FeeMustFall campaign that sprang up in the year 2015 (there are still elements of the campaign as of 2020) as a case for this study. The South African university students used this hashtag on different social media platforms to campaign against corporate education and largely payment of fees in institutions of higher learning across South Africa. This study also looks at the media-audience relationship and explore how audience inclusion in Facebook and Twitter are increasingly changing the ‘News’ habits of young South Africans students. The approach used for this study was a qualitative exploratory study with an interpretive approach. Thirteen (13) students were interviewed one-on-one and audio-recorded using a semi-structured interview guide. These students were selected through purposive and convenience sampling and the interviews were transcribed verbatim. This study identifies the relevance and relationship social media posed for students in including them in public participation. Findings indicate that students find recourse in social media as an avenue for inclusion and participation on social issues surrounding youth especially during the peak of #FeesMustFall. There is also a change in news reporting as a result of the audience inclusion provided by social networks. The outcome of this study can be relevant to communication researchers studying news and social media especially among young people and most importantly students.