bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE DEVELOPMENTAL WINDOWS WHEN EXPOSURE TO ANTIBIOTICS INCREASES THE RISK OF EARLY ONSET COLORECTAL CANCER
Authors: Tomlin Nichelle , Jani Niti , Pena Marie
Published: December 2023

Colorectal cancer is the third most diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the US. About 50,000 people die from colorectal cancer each year. Early onset Colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is a colon and rectum cancer occurring in people under 50. There has been a decline in cases in people over 50 due to healthier lifestyle choices. However, in the last few decades there has been a steady increase in EOCRC cases, and we do not know why. The increase in EOCRC has paralleled the increased use of antibiotics. Antibiotics are especially important for fighting infections, but overuse has become an epidemic. Our study tested the hypothesis that exposure to antibiotics in early life causes dysbiosis and inflammation in the colon that can lead to an increased risk for EOCRC. To test the hypothesis a mice model was used. Female mice who have given birth are giving antibiotic treatment for 7 days, so the children are exposed to the antibiotics through their mother’s milk at an early age. The children are weaned from their mothers and at 5 weeks old they are given Azoyxmethane (AOM) treatment once a week for 6 weeks. Fecal pellets were collected before and after the AOM treatment of the kids and antibiotic treatment of the mother. The results show if given multiple dosages of amoxicillin there will be tumor burden in the proximal colon which can increase the risk for EOCRC.
THE ROLE OF NURSES IN DISORDERS OF CONSCIOUSNESS: ​IMPLEMENTATION OF SENSORY STIMULATION IN THE NEURO-ICU
Authors: Mentor Rhoodjinie , Young Bethany , Coghlan Leah , Boivin Christopher , Fischer David
Published: December 2023

In the Neuro Intensive Care Unit (Neuro-ICU), patients with Disorders of Consciousness (DoC) often experience sensory deprivation. DoC, resulting from brain damage, encompasses varying degrees of wakefulness and awareness, ranging from coma to vegetative state and minimally conscious state. Research highlights a concerning trend in the Neuro-ICU, where older adults with DoC are more susceptible to mortality compared to their younger counterparts. This study emphasizes the indispensable role of nurses in effectively managing DoC within the Neuro-ICU, particularly through the thoughtful application of sensory stimulation interventions. Sensory stimulation is a promising approach that engages patients’ various senses—touch, sight, sound, and smell, aiming to awaken awareness and cognitive responses in DoC patients. By fostering neural activity, sensory stimulation holds the potential to contribute to their recovery. Importantly, these techniques can be customized to each patient’s specific condition and responses, and nurses, due to their continuous patient interactions, are uniquely positioned to administer these interventions at the bedside. Recognizing this vital role, evidence-based strategies are proposed, encompassing thorough literature analysis, assessment of nurses’ attitudes, and exploration of potential interventions within the Neuro-ICU setting. This research highlights the significant impact nursing can have on elevating patient outcomes. It demonstrates how evidence-based interventions like sensory stimulation can be seamlessly woven into patient care, providing a valuable and holistic approach for individuals grappling with the intricate challenges presented by DoC.
UNDERSTANDING THE INTERPLAY OF BRAIN HEALTH, COGNITION, AND AUTONOMIC FUNCTION
Authors: Simms Evan , Wilson Sarah , Newman-Norlund Roger , Fridriksson Julius , Newman-Norlund Sarah
Published: December 2023

Research in clinical populations focused on various age-related diseases report multi-system difficulties in autonomic regulation, motor performance, cognition, and brain health. My research investigated the relationship between brain health, chronological age, and cognition. To assess these domains, I cross analyzed Compass 31, MoCA, and Brain Age Technology. The study population included 158 participants, both healthy and unhealthy. The collected data evaluated the relationship between brain age disparity, chronological age, and autonomic function. Correlation analysis, regression modeling, and subgroup comparisons were employed to explore potential associations, age-related patterns, and autonomic function variations. The findings from this research study contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between brain health, chronological age, and autonomic function. Age, White Matter Hyperintensities, Brain Age Gap, and Brain Age Variance demonstrate high significance when correlated with the MoCA total score. MoCA and all Compass 31 domains were found to be predictive of total white matter hyperintensity volume. This finding highlights a strong relationship between all three domains and suggests that when participants score high on both assessments, they should follow up with neuroimaging to discover potential brain damage. Future studies should identify risk factors for cognitive impairment and brain health that are also symptoms for autonomic dysregulation.
3-HK SUPPLEMENTATION INCREASES NICOTINATE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE (NAPRT) EXPRESSION IN DROSOPHILA
Authors: Huang Qiao , Said Adam , Wu Yuqiong , Walston Jeremy , Westbrook Reyhan , Abadir Peter M
Published: December 2023

The increasing prevalence of physical frailty and aging related diseases in older adults necessitates the development of novel biological strategies to slow age-related declines. In humans, tryptophan metabolism through the kynurenine pathway (KP), which produces the energy metabolite and cellular cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), has been linked to various aging-related diseases including metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, and physical frailty. Elevated levels of KP metabolites, such as 3-hydroxykinurenine (3-HK), correlate negatively with lifespan and physical function. A profile of downstream KP metabolites in the serum of older adults showed that 3-HK was increased in frail compared to both non-frail and young subjects, and liver kynurenine/tryptophan ratio correlates negatively with maximum lifespan in twenty-six mammalian species. To comprehensively explore the effects of elevated cytotoxic KP metabolites, we fed DGRP_229 Drosophila males diet infused with 3-HK. We found that treatment with 3-HK reduced average lifespan by 17% (P< 0.0001) compared against control. To elucidate the biological mechanisms of 3-HK treatment, we performed qRT-PCR on 11 genes involved in tryptophan metabolism. We found that treatment with 3-HK significantly decreased the expression of nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase (Naprt) (P=0.0022), which plays an important role in NAD+ biosynthesis and protects against oxidative stress. Our findings indicate that some of the detrimental effects observed after 3-HK supplementation may be mediated by changes in NAD+ biosynthesis and highlight the potential feasibility of using NAD+ supplementation as an intervention method.
A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL AFRICAN AMERICAN REPARATION COMMISSION’S REPARATIONS PLAN FOR OLDER BLACK AMERICANS
Authors: Brown Jocelyn
Published: December 2023

This policy content analysis critically examined the National African American Reparations Commission’s (NAARC) 10-Point Plan for Reparations. As the first comprehensive plan for reparations, the latest revision has gained attention for its potential to rectify socioeconomic inequality. However, the degree to which the plan addresses the nuanced challenges faced by older Black Americans (e.g., higher rates of poverty) is unclear. Therefore, the objectives of this analysis were to: a.) assess the plan’s potential to reduce inequality among older Black Americans, and b.) evaluate its capacity to address inequality over the life course and subsequent generations. Before the qualitative analysis began, a coding scheme was developed surrounding cumulative disadvantage theory. For example, codes addressing economic disparities, healthcare barriers, and intergenerational wealth transfer were developed. From there, the 12-page document was deductively coded by the author using this scheme. The findings suggest that the NAARC’s 2023 revision is considerably comprehensive, providing strategies to address socioeconomic inequality on structural levels (e.g., funds for entrepreneurial development, criminal justice reform). Even so, the plan needs work to fully address the needs of today’s older Black adults. To maximize the plan’s impact on older Black Americans, the NAARC could incorporate long-term care provisions, family-centered support systems, and long-term services and supports. This analysis has significant implications for the NAARC’s plan and continued fight for reparations. To maximize its impact on older Black Americans and promote intergenerational equity, policymakers should consider inclusive provisions for a demographic most directly haunted by the legacies of slavery and Jim Crow.
A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF A DIGITAL FALL PREVENTION EXERCISE PROGRAM FOR OLDER ADULTS WITH INCREASED FALL RISK
Authors: Farrell Shannon , Bajdek Nicole , Dishaw Mary , Garabedian Pamela , Williams Alisha , Hachen Naomi , Reid Kieran , Latham Nancy
Published: December 2023

Falls are a significant public health problem; one third of individuals aged 65 years or older fall each year. Strength and balance exercises reduce fall risk, but most older adults are inactive. Individuals at risk of falls need clear guidance to ensure exercises performed at home are safe and provide adequate challenge. The aim of this qualitative study was to investigate the experiences and perceptions of older adults with increased fall risk enrolled in a 3-month digitally delivered home-based fall prevention exercise program (DFP). Semi-structured interviews were conducted by an interview specialist on a sample of 16 participants (81% female, age 77.3±5.8 years). Interviews were transcribed, imported, and coded into Dedoose, a tool for qualitative analysis. Codes were refined with each interview and themes were generated from the final codes. Three themes were identified: adherence to a home-based digitally delivered fall prevention exercise program, impact of fall prevention exercises on activities of daily living (ADL), and benefits of home-balance exercises. Participants attributed adherence to the home exercise program with minimal in-person visits. Participants reported fear of falling increased as they aged; upon completion, participants felt reduced fear of falling in their ADL. Balance exercises were the most appealing due to the level of difficulty and motivation to improve balance. Participants recommended changes to improve the DFP exercise program, with majority wanting to continue the program. This qualitative analysis provides guidance to health professionals about the acceptability and recommended changes for a digitally delivered home fall prevention exercise program.
A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT AND OLDER ADULT REFLECTIONS ON AN ORAL HISTORY PROJECT
Authors: Moriello Gabriele , Ehlman Katie , Ligon Mary
Published: December 2023

Interaction between generations is diminishing as extended family members live further apart and as neighborhoods, communities, and institutions become increasingly age-segregated. Fostering intergenerational contact can benefit both parties involved. The aim of this qualitative study was to develop a deeper understanding of the meaning of participating in an intergenerational oral history project using a phenomenological approach. Undergraduate students (n=21) interviewed a family member or friend in three, 45-60-minute sessions. After the last interview, each older adult/student pair met to share what the project meant to them. Audio recordings of these final reflections were analyzed using a thematic analysis process. Five themes emerged: Reflection, Learning, Meaningful Connections, Evoked Emotions, and Advice. To the surprise of the researchers, the five themes were common to both students and older adults. The subthemes, however, differed between groups within three of the themes (reflection, learning, and advice). Consistent with previous research, findings support that participating in an oral history project is beneficial for both parties. This study adds to the literature by revealing that both older adults and students reflected on their lives. Older adults tended to accept their lives (or not) after reflecting. Both groups learned as a result of this project and the project evoked emotions. Theoretical study implications include that engaging in reminiscence supports psychological development in late-life, according to Erikson’s model. Further, congruent with Mezirow’s theory of transformative learning, the experience challenged participants to consider how telling and/or hearing a life story fits or did not fit with prior thoughts.
A RECOMMENDATION FOR A UNIFORM DEFINITION OF DISTANCE CAREGIVING: A SCOPING REVIEW
Authors: Budnick Andrea , Bünning Farina , Kuhlmey Adelheid
Published: December 2023

Distance caregiving has increasingly attracted the attention of the gerontological research community. This indicates the importance of this caregiving arrangement in the face of progressive demographic change including fewer and fewer individuals providing local care. There have been attempts to define distance caregiving for more than two decades. The literature focuses predominantly on North America and Great Britain (e.g. Cagle & Munn, 2012; Franke et al., 2019). Although Cagle and Munn defined distance caregiving broadly, recent literature continues to focus on individual aspects, such as distance or time. Thus, future research on distance caregiving may benefit from using a uniform definition to compare findings across studies. Accordingly, we reviewed the literature of the last five years by means of a scoping review in 13 English and German databases. Following the systematic review on distance caregiving by Franke et al., we used May 2019 as the starting point of our search. Two independent raters classified the articles using prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria. We identified a total of N=14,546 articles. After removal of duplicates, and title and abstract screening, we identified a total of n=59 articles for full text screening. We found the broad definition of distance caregiving by Cagle and Munn in 26 articles. The remaining articles referred to aspects like distance in miles or kilometers, time required, or other circumstances. In sum, our findings indicate that gerontological research on distance caregiving does not always build on existing knowledge.
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE ART-BASED RESEARCH WITH OLD ADULTS IN SOUTH KOREA
Authors: Yoon Yeojin
Published: December 2023

This study aims to review and summarize the literature on the use of Arts-based Research(ABR) with older adults in South Korea. The study was conducted as a systematic literature review. ABR is method that utilizes the arts to expand horizons of awareness. In South Korea, there is a large gap between the literacy levels of young and older adults and the differences in their cultures. Therefore, using art to convey expressions that are difficult to communicate through text and utilizing common values through art can be more effective than using text. This study was designed using Electronic databases. Keywords for older adult and ABR were searched in Electronic databases, and Korean literature published in peer-reviewed journals before December 31, 2022 were identified. After review of the 1515 abstracts yielded from the databases and the reference lists of the associated articles, 5 eligible studies were identified, and relevant findings extracted. The five eligible studies will not have found all of the ABR on older adults published in South Korea. However, this shows the level of research and interest in arts-based research in Korea. These five studies had several commonalities. First, they utilized ABR as an extension of qualitative research methods, with arts-based research as another methodology. Second, the distinction between art-based research and qualitative research was not clear in the literature, so art-based research methods were used, but art-based research was not mentioned. Based on these findings, it was suggested that ABR on older adults needs to be revitalized and diversified.
A WAY OF COMMUNICATING...WHICH DOESN’T MAKE THEM FEEL THREATENED: CANCER SURVIVORSHIP IN AGING BLACK/LATINX PEOPLE
Authors: Nweke Chizobam , Nwakasi Candidus “Candi”
Published: December 2023

Background. About 2 million people are diagnosed with cancer each year in the US and minoritized groups such as Black and Latinx people share a significant burden of the disease. To better understand how to improve the quality of life of an increasingly diverse population of aging cancer survivors, this study explored the cancer survivorship experiences of older adults in Black and Latinx people in the U.S. Method. A qualitative descriptive approach was used on a sample of 17 participants (Mage 64 years), 6 Black and 12 Latinx cancer survivors, at various stages of cancer treatment. Open-ended, semi-structured interviews were administered to the participants. We used reflexive thematic analysis for data analysis. Results. The following themes were identified from the analysis: cancer is (not) stigmatizing, effects of race/ethnicity on survivorship, and being an immigrant and survivorship. These themes enable a better perception of enablers and barriers to resilience among Black and Latinx cancer survivors. Conclusion. The findings of this study will increase the knowledge on sociocultural factors that influence cancer survivorship experiences in the US. The implications on resilience and access to cancer care will be discussed.
“THEY’VE KIND OF SHUT THAT DOWN WITH COVID”: HOME-LIKE ENVIRONMENTS FOR RESIDENTS WITH DEMENTIA
Authors: Thaitrong Phatt , Douglas Joy , Knol Linda L , Ellis Amy , Noh Hyunjin , Sanchez Shena
Published: December 2023

Current guidelines recommend providing a home-like dining environment for older adults living in long-term care (LTC) facilities, as this atmosphere has a positive impact on resident independence, social interaction, mealtime experience, and food intake. In LTC settings, registered dietitians (RDs) play a crucial role in providing nutritional care for residents with dementia. Our study explored RDs’ perspectives on how they provide home-like mealtime environments for LTC residents with dementia. RDs who work with residents with dementia in the U.S. (n = 18) participated in one of five focus groups. Focus groups were led by a trained moderator using a semi-structured interview guide, transcribed verbatim, and audited by the research team for accuracy. Transcripts underwent descriptive content analyses using NVivo© software. Data analyses revealed a significant barrier, the Coronavirus Diseases of 2019 (COVID-19), in providing home-like environments for LTC residents with dementia. RDs reported the negative impact of COVID-19-related isolation among LTC residents with dementia. To mitigate the spread of COVID-19 among vulnerable residents, strict infection control policies were implemented. Therefore, many LTC facilities suspended communal dining, resulting in increased isolation and a sense of social disconnection, exacerbating the progression of dementia in many residents. Thus, COVID-19 presented a significant barrier for RDs to provide a mealtime environment that is home-like for LTC residents. To provide optimal nutrition care for LTC residents with dementia, having a middle road between the COVID-19 policies and traditional practices has been suggested.
“WE DON’T AGE ALONE; WE AGE AS A COMMUNITY”: BARRIERS AND ENABLERS OF AGING WELL IN BLACK/AFRICAN AMERICAN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Khan Mushira , Holton John , Basic Ajla
Published: December 2023

Eurocentric understandings of successful aging privilege optimal physical and cognitive health, absence of disease and disability, and active social engagement in later life. This marginalizes the experiences of diverse older adults who may live with chronic conditions but maintain a good quality of life, supported by factors such as spirituality, resilience, and close familial ties. Further, this approach is myopic because it fails to capture social determinants of health (SDOH) that influence the aging process over time. The Perceptions of Aging Well in Diverse Older Adults study is a 5-year series that seeks to identify: 1) micro-, meso- and macro-level factors that shape aging well in racial/ethnic minority older adults, and 2) strategies to support aging well in racial/ethnic minority older adults. This presentation highlights preliminary findings from a sub-study with Black/African American participants. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 community-dwelling Black/African American adults age 50+ (14 females, 9 males; mean age = 71.2 years). Thematic analysis of the interview data showed that neighborhood safety, food insecurity, pharmacy deserts, adverse childhood experiences, structural racism, and everyday micro-aggressions shaped perceptions of aging well in powerful ways. Strong kinship bonds and a desire to leave a legacy of resilience and empowerment for younger generations motivated participants to engage in prosocial activities such as volunteering in local church communities. These findings suggest that along with addressing key SDOH, fostering generativity through teaching and mentoring, creative arts, and taking on community leadership roles may enhance subjective well-being in Black/African American older adults.
ADRD: A REVIEW OF THE PATIENT-CENTERED OUTCOMES RESEARCH INSTITUTE’S (PCORI) RESEARCH PORTFOLIO AND PRIORITIES
Authors: Audley John , Majid Tabassum , Akinbami Yewande , Arora Neeraj , Coyle Marissa , Philips Joanna , Moraras Kate , Clauser Steve
Published: December 2023

Given the aging of the U.S. population, the number of individuals living with Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) is projected to reach 13 million by 2050. There is an urgent need for research efforts to advance prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for ADRD. Furthermore, caregivers of individuals with ADRD often face distinct challenges and experience significant caregiving burden that has an impact on their well-being. To address unmet needs of individuals with ADRD and their caregivers, PCORI has invested nearly $85 million in patient-centered comparative clinical effectiveness research (CER) focused on ADRD and has initiated several stakeholder convenings to identify future research priorities. PCORI’s ADRD portfolio of 15 CER studies includes interventions focused on caregiving, polypharmacy, telehealth, care models, and palliative care. Additionally, PCORI has funded engagement awards, dissemination & implementation initiatives, and research infrastructure projects to help facilitate the conduct and awareness of research on persons living with ADRD and their caregivers. To support continued research in this area, PCORI plans to re-issue a $50 million funding initiative on Healthy Aging with a special area of emphasis on interventions for caregivers of older adults living with ADRD. By systematically synthesizing PCORI’s portfolio and themes from stakeholder convenings in ADRD, we can identify the strengths of current investments and understand evidence gaps to guide PCORI’s future investments. This will enable us to holistically address future real-world, decisional dilemmas most important to patients, caregivers, and other stakeholders.
AGE DIFFERENCES IN EMOTION REGULATION AND EXECUTIVE FUNCTION
Authors: Toh Wei Xing , Yang Hwajin
Published: December 2023

Age-related improvements in emotion regulation (ER) are thought to account for the relatively healthy levels of well-being observed in late adulthood. However, extant laboratory-based evidence on age differences in the effective implementation of ER strategies―such as reappraisal (i.e., reframing the meaning of an emotion-eliciting event) and distraction (i.e., redirecting attention away from emotional to non-emotional information)―remains equivocal (Isaacowitz, 2022). Moreover, developmental differences in ER monitoring (i.e., adjusting regulatory approach as needed, such as maintaining or switching strategies), and factors that underpin such age-related differences, are poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated how younger and older adults (N = 335) differ in the implementation and monitoring aspects of ER, and how executive function (EF)―a collection of higher-order control operations that underlie ER processes (Pruessner et al., 2020; Schmeichel & Tang, 2015)―could explain such age-related differences in ER. Using a comprehensive battery of nine EF and two ER tasks, results indicated age-related decline for the implementation of reappraisal but not distraction. For monitoring, advancing age was associated with a less flexible pattern of strategy maintenance and switching (of reappraisal and distraction) across high- and low-intensity emotional contexts. Importantly, these age-related differences in ER implementation and monitoring were significantly mediated by declines in EF (βs = .25‒.29, ps < .007), thereby alluding to the role of EF as a potential mechanism. Our findings suggest that certain ER processes are more cognitively demanding than others, and that EF could be a viable target of intervention to improve such ER processes in late adulthood.
AGE-STRATIFIED INVESTIGATION OF SLEEP DISORDERS AND PTSD PREVALENCE AMONG VIETNAM VETERANS
Authors: Chacko Thomas , Mithani Sara , Bunker Melissa , Breneman Charity , Broderick Gordon
Published: December 2023

Military Veterans often experience a range of sleep disorders that significantly impact their physical and psychological wellbeing. Current study describes prevalence and age differences (≥65 to ≤74yrs; n =193)) vs. (≥75 to ≤ 90yrs; n =157) across insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), nightmare disorder (ND), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Vietnam Veterans (N = 350; AgeMean= 74.4 [SD= 3.6]) completed a survey (online or paper) of their sleep experiences and PTSD as part of a cross-sectional study. Veterans were mostly White (95%), male (97.7%), from the Army (55%), with some or two-year college (43%), and currently married (76%). Insomnia was screened positive in 27.7% of the Veterans, OSA in 58.6%, ND in 5.7%, and PTSD in 18.6%. There were significant mean differences in insomnia and PTSD across age groups (t(348) = 2.43, p = .016) and (t(348) = 2.06, p =.04), respectively, with younger age group showing higher insomnia, and PTSD. There were no significant mean differences in OSA and ND. Pearson correlation analyses yielded important associations. Insomnia was significantly positively correlated with PTSD (r= .60), OSA (r= .33), and ND (r= .51). PTSD was significantly positively correlated with OSA (r= .30) and ND (r= .67). ND was significantly positively correlated with OSA (r= .22). There were no significant differences in the associations across the two age groups. Recognizing and addressing various sleep disorders and comorbid PTSD are crucial to improving the quality of life of Veterans. Results emphasize need for comprehensive assessment of sleep disorders and PTSD among Veterans.
AGING IN JAIL: CHALLENGES AND IMPROVEMENTS
Authors: Hernandez Adriana , Driscoll Laura , Leverentz Andrea , Mutchler Jan
Published: December 2023

The increase in incarcerated older people has created challenges in correctional facilities, including settings ranging from large prisons to smaller county jails. Aging while incarcerated brings a new dimension of difficulties for older people, and to the correctional system as a whole. The resources and environments are unsuitable for an aging population and ultimately result in greater health complications. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated existing challenges experienced by older adults. To further assess the issues that incarcerated older people face, researchers from UMass Boston partnered with a local jail to determine the current needs and deficiencies experienced by older men. Focus groups were conducted in person with incarcerated older men regarding their experiences, opinions on having a unit specifically for older adults, and institutional changes that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. Zoom interviews were also carried out with staff. These conversations suggest that older incarcerated men encounter unique conditions that challenge their well-being. Such challenges include limited access to medical care and proper diets, lack of environmental accommodations, and inadequate exercise opportunities. These challenges exacerbate the burden of being in jail and can lead to higher risks of chronic illness. As well they have potential implications for the communities to which the men are released. Older men and jail staff were receptive to creating a unit specifically for older adults as a means of remedying some of these challenges. This poster offers policy suggestions to improve correctional facilities that better align with the unique needs of incarcerated older people.
ARCHITECTURAL, INTERIOR DESIGN, AND TECHNOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS TO FACILITATE REHABILITATION AND AGING IN PLACE
Authors: Katyarmal Swati , Wyndham-West Michelle , Khan Shehroz
Published: December 2023

Most older adults 60 years and above live in the community with either support from their caregivers or independently. Aging in place successfully involves safely carrying out activities of daily living at home without accidents and injuries. However, most traditional homes are not equipped with safe interior designs or support technological interventions, which could be a barrier to aging in place. We performed a narrative review to understand the importance of incorporating architectural, interior design, and technological interventions to support the rehabilitation of older adults with disabilities to successfully age in place. We reviewed 28 research papers from several research databases matching the inclusion criteria on interventions targeting older adults’ rehabilitation outcomes. We included studies that focused on various health conditions (e.g., spinal cord injury, stroke) and supporting home modification along with technological interventions. The review shows that the home environment has a significant impact on older adults’ overall health, and recovery, including functional capacities, cognitive processes, and emotional states providing autonomy, safety, and accessibility. Several safe design features were found, including barrier-free entrance, mobile stair climber, handrails and grab bars, anti-skid flooring, open layout, and shower seat. The integration of technologies (e.g., sensor lights, voice-activated devices) was identified as a promising avenue for enhancing the quality of life. Co-designing the built space with older adults was found to be effective. Our review highlights the need for collaboration between healthcare professionals, engineers, architects, and policymakers to design existing or new homes that support safe aging in place of older adults.
ASSESSMENT OF DEFICITS IN SPECIFIC COGNITIVE DOMAINS IN OLDER ADULTS LIVING WITH HIV (OALWH)
Authors: Reyes-Vega Andrea , Samanapally Harideep , Rijal Rishikesh , Furmanek Stephen , Shields Christopher B , Dennis Brandon C , Ghare Smita , Barve Shirish
Published: December 2023

A significant proportion of people living with HIV (PLWH) have cognitive impairment. Moreover, approximately 70% of PLWH in the United States will be ≥50 years old by 2030, raising concerns of a higher incidence of dementia as they age. Accordingly, there is a clinical need to monitor their cognitive status. The aim of this study was to delineate specific cognition areas impacted in OALWH with a clinical diagnosis of neurocognitive impairment. We used a comprehensive set of tests (paper and NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery), to assess different cognitive domains in a total of 25 OALWH ≥ 50 years. 64% were diagnosed with neurocognitive impairment and 36% were non-impaired. T-scores were compared using t-tests of means. Differences in means and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported. Impaired patients scored on average 18.35 T-score points lower on Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT) retention trial (p 0.016, CI:6.74-29.97) and 9.19 T-score points lower on the NIH Picture Vocabulary Test (PVT) (p 0.033, CI:1.12-17.26). Stroop color word, NIH Card Sort and NIH Picture sequence memory test were trending to be significantly lower in impaired patients (p< 0.07). In impaired OALWH, the HVLT data demonstrated a decreased capacity to learn and an early memory loss, suggesting frontal executive and attention type deficits. Moreover, the decreased PVT scores demonstrated an impact on crystallized intelligence, indicating decline in verbal skills, semantic knowledge, or retrieval. Overall, the observed deficits in different cognitive domains support early neurocognitive screening even when OALWH do not show overt signs of neurocognitive impairment.
ASSESSMENT OF ELECTROLYTE ABNORMALITIES IN OLDER ADULTS WITH COVID-19 DELIRIUM
Authors: Petrovic Milenko , Park Esther , Pangle Amanda , Wei Jeanne , Azhar Gohar
Published: December 2023

This retrospective study explored the impact of COVID-19 on altered sodium and potassium in older adults with delirium. EMRs from the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS) database were reviewed from January 7, 2018 to January 5, 2021 for electrolyte abnormalities and delirium. Inclusion criteria were age 65 or older, all races, genders, and ethnicities with COVID or non-COVID infections. We identified 319 patients with COVID-19 out of which 108 (33.8%) had delirium during COVID. In COVID-delirious patients, hypokalemia was present in 8, hyperkalemia in 10, hyponatremia in 9, and hypernatremia in 20.127/319 (39.8%) COVID patients had an electrolyte disorder at some point with hypokalemia being most represented at 58/127 (45.7%). Out of the patients who experienced hypokalemia at some point, 34/319 (10.6%) had delirium. In another cohort of 306 older adults with non-COVID pneumonias we identified 173 patients with electrolyte disorders and 106 (34.6%) with delirium during pneumonia. Electrolyte disturbances were more present in non-COVID pneumonias vs. those with COVID (p< 0.001). Hypokalemia was more identified in non-COVID, 56/306 (18.3%), vs. COVID patients, 34/319 (10.6%) (p< 0.006). Interestingly, hypernatremia was greater in COVID groups (p< 0.0321). There was no difference in delirium between COVID vs non-COVID patients, but electrolytes disorders and hypokalemia were observed with greater frequency in non-COVID pneumonias. Notably, hypernatremia developed more in patients suffering from COVID and since it can be associated with seizures and cerebral hemorrhage, particular attention should be paid to prevent hypernatremia from developing in order to reduce COVID-related morbidity and mortality.
ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF PARTICIPATION IN DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY: A STUDY BASED ON OLDER PEOPLE IN CHINA
Authors: Liu Lan , Guo Chao , Qi Liangshu , Wang Yingying , Shu Ruixin
Published: December 2023

There has been an increasingly important trend that more and more older people take part in activities of digital technology nowadays in China. In this study, the research question associated to determinants of older people’s digital engagement was addressed, which has been quantitatively analyzed by statistical models in a sample of older people 60 to 98 years of age from China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (N=11207). For dependent variable, digital participation of older people has been measured by the access to the Internet with mobile phones and various digital devices, whereas for independent variables, individual, situational, environmental, and social policy factors which were based on a conceptual model of productive aging framework have been constructed to present academic explanations on dependent variable. Results of Probit and Ordered-Probit regression showed that the older people’s participation in digital technology was closely related to individual and situational factors, whereas the effects of environmental factors and social policies were not statistically significant. Older adults who were much younger and physically healthier had higher probability of participation in digital technology. Meanwhile, those who lived in urban area, had higher levels on income, literacy and social support were more likely to be involved in digital activities. Conclusions shed light on the significance of academic research to improve productive ageing and successful ageing which takes a more active role on exploring and grappling with issues related to application of digital technology especially technological difficulties that older people have confronted with in an ageing society.
ASSOCIATION AND RISK PREDICTION OF PAIN AND FALL-RELATED INJURIES AMONG COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS IN CHINA
Authors: Chen Xiaodong , Shi Kewei , He Lingxiao , Fang Ya
Published: December 2023

Background

Pain is common in older adults and has also been identified as a fall risk factor, whereas the impact and mechanism of fall-related injuries are still unknown. This study aims to examine the association and risk prediction of pain and fall-related injuries among Chinese older adults.

Method

This study enrolled 5,721 older adults from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (wave 2011-2015). Logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between pain characteristics and fall-related injuries. Furthermore, 2022 older adults with pain at baseline were further used to build a fall-related injury prediction model, using five machine learning algorithms (logistic regression, naive bayesian, random forest, adaptive boosting and artificial neural network) with 118 input variables as candidate features, and SHapley Additive exPlanations was used for the prediction model explanation.

Results

Logistic regression models showed that whether pain (OR=1.35) or pain severity (ORmoderate=1.37, ORsevere =1.48) and multisite pain (OR=1.41) independently predicted fall-related injuries. The Random forest model achieved the best performance among the prediction model with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.764. Interpretable results showed that the top 10 significant predictors were: experience of falling, frailty, sex, short physical performance battery, received inpatient care, estimated glomerular filtration rate, lung function, pain quantity, White Blood Cell and Age.

Conclusions

Pain is associated with fall-related injuries among Chinese older adults. Fall-related injury prevention strategies for older adults with pain should specifically focus on fall history, frailty, and women.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN TIME SPENT OUTSIDE THE HOME AND EXECUTIVE FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH PAST TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY
Authors: Richards Emily , Donahue Patrick , Moored Kyle , Eldreth Dana , Crane Breanna , Carlson Michelle
Published: December 2023

Time spent out of the home and in the surrounding neighborhood has numerous physical health benefits, but the cognitive benefits are less clear. Evidence suggests that executive functions are important to navigating activity outside the home. This study examined whether time spent outside in participants’ immediate neighborhoods was more strongly associated with executive function than memory. Participants were adults with mild cognitive impairment and history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) enrolled in an immersive computer game intervention (N=11; 63.6% male; mean=59.0 years, range: 42-75). At baseline, participants completed the Life Space Questionnaire (LSQ) and cognitive tests of Stroop (executive function), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) (memory), and Pattern Comparison Test (PCT) (processing speed). Cognitive tests were performed on an iPad to precisely measure reaction time. Pearson correlations were used to examine the association between the LSQ and cognitive measures. Although time spent in the neighborhood was not statistically associated with performance on cognitive measures, the magnitude of the correlations was noteworthy. After adjusting for age and education, days spent in the neighborhood were more strongly associated with better executive function (Stroop) (r=-0.58, p=0.10) and processing speed (PCT) (r=-0.27, p=0.49). Additionally, neighborhood exposure explained a larger proportion of the variance in Stroop and PCT rather than in RAVLT. In patients with past TBI, time spent outside of the home in the neighborhood may be associated with better executive functions through engagement with one’s environment. We will further describe objective measures of time spent outside the home using GPS.
ASSOCIATION OF MASSETER MUSCLE VOLUME WITH RISK OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN OLDER ADULTS: THE BUNKYO HEALTH STUDY
Authors: Abudurezake Abulaiti , Kakehi Saori , Sakamoto Shota , Morikawa Minami , Kaga Hideyoshi , Tamura Yoshifumi , Tabata Hiroki , Kawamori Ryuzo
Published: December 2023

Abstract The relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and oral function has been previously studied. However, the relationship between the masseter muscle, which plays an important role in oral function, and BMD and osteoporosis in older adults has not been investigated. This study investigated the association between masseter muscle volume (MMV) and old age in relation to osteoporosis prevalence and hip joint BMD. Body composition and BMD of 1534 people aged 65–84 years living in Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. MMV was measured using a three-dimensional medical image analysis system. Participants were divided into five groups based on MMV by 20% for each gender (Quintile 1–5: Q1–5, Q1< Q5). Logistic regression models were employed to estimate multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for osteoporosis determined by T-score (<−2.5 standard deviation) using the Q5 reference. Subsequently, analysis of covariance was used to investigate the relationship between MMV and BMD. Adjustment for age, body mass index, smoking history, alcohol intake, calcium intake, 25(OH)D, diabetes, and osteoporosis drugs or estrogen. In men, Q1 had higher hip osteoporosis prevalence than Q5 (OR 11.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.48–1.62, p=0.020). Further, hip BMD was significantly higher in Q5 than in Q1 (p=0.001). In women, MMV and old age was not associated with osteoporosis prevalence. However, hip BMD was significantly higher in Q3,4 than in Q1 (p=0.003). Older adults with lower MMV had lower BMD in the hip joint. Additionally, men had higher odds of osteoporosis of the hip joint.
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN COGNITIVE CHANGE AND OBJECTIVE CHANGE IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG OLDER ADULTS: THE LIFE STUDY
Authors: Cenko Erta , Seidler Rachael , Cheng David , Pearson Thomas , Manini Todd
Published: December 2023

Objective

To investigate the associations between domain-specific cognitive change and objectively measured change in physical activity in a sample of community-dwelling older adults. We hypothesized that domain-specific changes in cognition are associated with longitudinal changes in physical activity levels.

Methods

We used data from 955 participants from The LIFE Study, a multi-center randomized clinical trial. Longitudinal relationships between cognitive domains (i.e., memory, attention, processing speed, executive function) and accelerometer-measured change in daily minutes of physical activity were examined using multivariable linear regression. Cognitive tests included Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MSE), Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT), Digital Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Task Switching Test, Eriksen Flanker Test and N-Back Test. Physical activity was measured longitudinally using an accelerometer and was categorized to total, light, and moderate to vigorous according to standardized activity count cut points.

Results

Our results showed an association between cognitive change in the processing speed domain and change in minutes of total (β = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.89; p = 0.034) and light (β = 0.42; 95%CI: 0.03, 0.80; p= 0.033) physical activity. Relationships between all other cognitive assessments and physical activity categories were not statistically significant.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates an association between a decline in processing speed and a decline in the duration of total and light daily physical activity in older adults with low to moderate physical function.
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN SENSE OF PURPOSE, NEGATIVE AFFECT, AND CORTISOL: EVIDENCE FROM REPEATED DAILY ASSESSMENTS
Authors: Lewis Nathan , Pauly Theresa , Ashe Maureen , Madden Kenneth , Gerstorf Denis , Hoppmann Christiane
Published: December 2023

A growing literature suggests that having a sense of purpose in life is key to supporting optimal aging outcomes. One proposed mechanism for such benefits posits that having strong sense of purpose facilitates better management of and less reactivity to daily negative experiences, which over time may impact health. However, there remains a paucity of research investigating sense of purpose, affective experiences, and biological stress markers as individuals engage in their daily life routines. The present study sought to examine everyday associations between sense of purpose in life, negative affect, and salivary cortisol using repeated daily life assessments. A sample of 170 older adults aged 60 to 87 (M =71.18 years, SD=6.06) completed affect ratings and provided concurrent salivary cortisol samples 4 times per day over 7 consecutive days. Multilevel growth modeling was used to examine whether trait sense of purpose in life moderated within-day associations between negative affect and log-transformed cortisol levels (nmol/L), adjusting for relevant demographic information and factors that may impact cortisol (e.g., time since waking, caffeine intake). Analyses revealed that sense of purpose was indeed associated with lower daily negative affect, but it did not predict everyday cortisol and was also not moderating the within-person couplings between everyday negative affect and cortisol. Our results suggest that purpose in life shapes daily affect dynamics of older adults, yet not through modulating the physiological implications of negative affect. Follow-up analyses will explore whether these findings generalize to vulnerable groups of very old adults and those in poor health.
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN THE GERIATRIC DEPRESSION SCALE AND APNEA-HYPOPNEA INDEX IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Persad Alyssa , Hammel Edward , Roberts Mitchell , Sappington Erica , Dagum Paul , Iliff Jeffrey , Levendovszky Swati Rane , VandeWeerd Carla
Published: December 2023

The prevalence of sleep apnea increases with age and depression. Sleep plays an important role in memory consolidation, therefore, changes in sleep quality may play a contributing factor to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s. Findings from a retrospective analysis of a randomized control sleep study are presented for healthy participants (N=33) with no self-reported mental health conditions between 11/7/2022-6/7/2023. As part of a larger study, this sub-study occurred in The Villages in a partnership between the UFHealth PHRC and Applied Cognition. Participants completed the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), and Polysomnography (PSG), with the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) extracted from the PSG data. The relationship between sleep apnea and depression was examined using descriptive statistics and linear regression. The mean age of participants was 61.9, with 55% being male. GDS-15 scores showed a strong negative correlation with AHI (p<.001), indicating that as GDS scores increased, AHI decreased. The R2 value (0.06) indicates little variation in the data and is a good fit for the model. Limited data due to the small sample size may contribute to the observed relationship. Although the effect size was small, symptoms related to depression could contribute to decreased AHI. A sample from The Villages may be biased towards a higher social cohesion lifestyle than other communities, showing how elements of depression may differently impact sleep apnea. Further studies are needed to identify further associations and implement appropriate interventions.