bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A predictive noise correction methodology for manufacturing process datasets
Authors: Oleghe Omogbai
Published: October 2020

In manufacturing processes, datasets intended for data driven decisions are majorly generated from time-sequenced sensor readings. Industrial sensor systems are prone to transmit inaccurate readings, which result in noisy datasets. Noisy datasets inhibit machine learning and knowledge discovery. Using a multi-stage, multi-output process dataset as an experimental case, this article reports a methodology for replacing erroneous sensor values with their predicted likely values. In the methodology, invalid values specified by process owners are first converted to missing values. Then, ReliefF algorithm is used to select the most relevant features to progress for prediction modelling, and also to boost the performance of the prediction model. A Random Forest classifier model is built to predict replacement values for the missing values. Finally, predicted values are inserted into the dataset to fill in the missing entries. With many attributes having a significant number of erroneous values, the invalid values replacement is done one attribute at a time. To do this systematically, the process flow direction and stages in the manufacturing process are exploited to partition the dataset into subsets for model building. The results indicate that the methodology is able to replace erroneous values with likely true values, to a very high degree of accuracy. There is a paucity of this type of methodology for dealing with invalid entries in process datasets. The methodology is useful for both missing and invalid value correction in process datasets. In the future, the plan is to inject the prediction models into streaming data to simultaneously enable erroneous value correction and predictive process monitoring in real-time.
Reductive dissolution of biogenic magnetite
Authors: Yamazaki Toshitsugu
Published: October 2020

Reductive dissolution of magnetite is known to occur below the Fe-redox boundary in sediments. In this study, detailed processes associated with biogenic magnetite dissolution are documented. A sediment core from the Japan Sea was used for this purpose, in which reductive dissolution of magnetic minerals is known to start at depths of about 1.15 m and is mostly complete within a depth interval of about 0.35 m. Using first-order reversal curve diagrams, preferential dissolution of biogenic magnetite within this interval is estimated from the observation that a narrow peak that extends along the coercivity axis (central ridge), which is indicative of biogenic magnetite, diminishes downcore. Transmission electron microscopy is used to demonstrate that the sediments contain three magnetofossil morpho-types: octahedra, hexagonal prisms, and bullet-shaped forms. Within the reductive dissolution zone, partially etched crystals are commonly observed. With progressive dissolution, the proportion of bullet-shaped magnetofossils decreases, whereas hexagonal prisms become more dominant. This observation can be explained by the differences in resistance to dissolution among crystal planes of magnetite and the differences in surface area to volume ratios. Magnetofossil morphology may reflect the preference of magnetotactic bacterial lineages for inhabiting specific chemical environments in sediments. However, it could also reflect alteration of the original morphological compositions during reductive diagenesis, which should be considered when using magnetofossil morphology as a paleoenvironmental proxy.
Laparoscopic resection of a neuroendocrine tumor that almost fully replaced tailgut cysts: a case report
Authors: Kodera Keita , Eto Seiichiro , Fukasawa Nei , Kai Wataru , Matsumoto Tomo , Hirabayashi Tsuyoshi , Kawahara Hidejiro , Omura Nobuo
Published: October 2020

Background

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) originate from neuroendocrine cells, which are found throughout the body. NETs occur principally in the gastrointestinal tract (approximately 65%) and bronchopulmonary tract (approximately 25%) but rarely occur in the presacral space. Aside from primary and metastatic lesions, there have been reports of NETs occurring in the presacral space arising from tailgut cysts, teratomas, and imperforate anus. We herein report a rare case of laparoscopic resection of a NET in the presacral space, which almost fully replaced tailgut cysts.

Case presentation

A 68-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for surgery of a right inguinal hernia, but preoperative computed tomography revealed an asymptomatic 43-mm mass in the presacral space. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a multilocular solid mass with clear boundaries and a slightly high signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images. Positron emission tomography showed 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake. Thus, we suspected a malignant tumor and performed laparoscopic resection to obtain a definitive diagnosis. Macroscopically, the tumor was 43 mm in size with clear boundaries, and the cut surface was a gray-white solid component. Histopathological findings revealed that the tumor was composed of relatively uniform cells with fine chromatin, with round to oval nuclei arranged in solid, trabecular, or rosette-like growth patterns. Small cysts lined with stratified squamous epithelium and columnar epithelium were observed along with solid components of the tumor, which is a feature of tailgut cysts. Therefore, the final diagnosis was NET Grade 1 arising from tailgut cysts. No recurrence was observed within 1 year after surgery.

Conclusions

We performed en bloc laparoscopic resection of a NET arising from tailgut cysts in the presacral space without injury. In cases of a solid lesion in the presacral space, not only the primary disease but also the pathological condition with tissue transformation and replacement should be considered, as in this case.
Hemodialysis crossover study using a relative blood volume change-guided ultrafiltration control compared with standard hemodialysis: the BV-UFC study
Authors: Ookawara Susumu , Ito Kiyonori , Uchida Takayuki , Tokuyama Keito , Kiryu Satoshi , Suganuma Takeshi , Hojyo Kyoko , Miyazawa Haruhisa , Ueda Yuichiro , Ito Chiharu , Iimura Osamu , Yoshiya Kunihiko , Morishita Yoshiyuki , Hanafusa Norio , Tabei Kaoru
Published: October 2020

Background

It has been difficult to sufficiently achieve body-fluid management using blood volume (BV) monitor during hemodialysis (HD) with constant ultrafiltration (UF) rate. Recently, a relative BV change-guided UF control (BV-UFC) system was developed by combining the concepts of an automatic feedback system that could control the UF rate and profile with real- time monitoring of relative changes in BV (%ΔBV). However, this system has limited application in the clinical setting. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to perform the crossover study on HD with BV-UFC compared to standard HD in terms of hemodynamic stability during HD.

Methods

Forty-eight patients entered an 8-week crossover period of standard HD or HD with BV-UFC. Prevalence of intradialytic hypotension (IDH) as a primary outcome and changes in blood pressure (BP), differences in %ΔBV, and achievement of the target ultrafiltration volume as secondary outcomes were compared. IDH was defined as a reduction in systolic BP ≥20 mmHg from the baseline value at 10 min after HD initiation.

Results

No significant differences were found in the prevalence of IDH, frequency of intervention for symptomatic IDH, and achievement of the target ultrafiltration volume between the groups. The %ΔBV was significantly fewer (-12.1 ± 4.8% vs. -14.4 ± 5.2%, p <0.001) in the HD with BV-UFC than that in the standard HD.

Conclusions

HD with BV-UFC did not reduce the prevalence of IDH compared with standard HD. The relief of a relative BV reduction at the end of HD may be beneficial in patients undergoing HD with BV-UFC.

Trial Registration

UMIN, UMIN000024670. Registered on December 1, 2016.
The effects of the primary health care providers’ prescription behavior interventions to improve the rational use of antibiotics: a systematic review
Authors: Yao Lu , Yin Jia , Huo Ruiting , Yang Ding , Shen Liyan , Wen Shuqin , Sun Qiang
Published: October 2020

Background

Irrational antibiotics use in clinical prescription, especially in primary health care (PHC) is accelerating the spread of antibiotics resistance (ABR) around the world. It may be greatly useful to improve the rational use of antibiotics by effectively intervening providers’ prescription behaviors in PHC. This study aimed to systematically review the interventions targeted to providers’ prescription behaviors in PHC and its’ effects on improving the rational use of antibiotics.

Methods

The literatures were searched in Ovid Medline, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and two Chinese databases with a time limit from January 1st, 1998 to December 1st, 2018. The articles included in our review were randomized control trial, controlled before-and-after studies and interrupted time series, and the main outcomes measured in these articles were providers’ prescription behaviors. The Cochrane Collaboration criteria were used to assess the risk of bias of the studies by two reviewers. Narrative analysis was performed to analyze the effect size of interventions.

Results

A total of 4422 studies were identified in this study and 17 of them were included in the review. Among 17 included studies, 13 studies were conducted in the Europe or in the United States, and the rest were conducted in low-income and-middle-income countries (LMICs). According to the Cochrane Collaboration criteria, 12 studies had high risk of bias and 5 studies had medium risk of bias. There was moderate-strength evidence that interventions targeted to improve the providers’ prescription behaviors in PHC decreased the antibiotics prescribing and improved the rational use of antibiotics.

Conclusions

Interventions targeted PHC providers’ prescription behaviours could be an effective way to decrease the use of antibiotics in PHC and to promote the rational use of antibiotics. However, we cannot compare the effects between different interventions because of heterogeneity of interventions and outcome measures.
Deletion of SREBF1, a Functional Bone-Muscle Pleiotropic Gene, Alters Bone Density and Lipid Signaling in Zebrafish
Authors: Shochat Chen , Wang Zhiying , Mo Chenglin , Nelson Sarah , Donaka Rajashekar , Huang Jian , Karasik David , Brotto Marco
Published: October 2020

Through a genome-wide analysis of bone mineral density (BMD) and muscle mass, identification of a signaling pattern on 17p11.2 recognized the presence of sterol regulatory element-binding factor 1 (SREBF1), a gene responsible for the regulation of lipid homeostasis. In conjunction with lipid-based metabolic functions, SREBF1 also codes for the protein, SREBP-1, a transcription factor known for its role in adipocyte differentiation. We conducted a quantitative correlational study. We established a zebrafish (ZF) SREBF1 knockout (KO) model and used a targeted customized lipidomics approach to analyze the extent of SREBF1 capabilities. For lipidomics profiling, we isolated the dorsal muscles of wild type (WT) and KO fishes, and we performed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry screening assays of these samples.

In our analysis, we profiled 48 lipid mediators (LMs) derived from various essential polyunsaturated fatty acids to determine potential targets regulated by SREBF1, and we found that the levels of 11,12 epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (11,12-EET) were negatively associated with the number of SREBF1 alleles (P = 0.006 for a linear model). We also compared gene expression between KO and WT ZF by genome-wide RNA-sequencing. Significantly enriched pathways included fatty acid elongation, linoleic acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, adipocytokine signaling, and DNA replication. We discovered trends indicating that BMD in adult fish was significantly lower in the KO than in the WT population (P < 0.03). These studies reinforce the importance of lipidomics investigation by detailing how the KO of SREBF1 affects both BMD and lipid-signaling mediators, thus confirming the importance of SREBF1 for musculoskeletal homeostasis.
Mechanisms of Estradiol-induced EGF-like Factor Expression and Oocyte Maturation via G Protein-coupled Estrogen Receptor
Authors: Zhang Hui , Lu Sihai , Xu Rui , Tang Yaju , Liu Jie , Li Chan , Wei Juncai , Yao Ru , Zhao Xiaoe , Wei Qiang , Ma Baohua
Published: October 2020

Estrogen is an important modulator of reproductive activity through nuclear receptors and G protein–coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). Here, we observed that both estradiol and the GPER-specific agonist G1 rapidly induced cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production in cumulus cells, leading to transient stimulation of phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), which was conducive to the transcription of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like factors, amphiregulin, epiregulin, and betacellulin. Inhibition of GPER by G15 significantly reduced estradiol-induced CREB phosphorylation and EGF-like factor gene expression. Consistently, the silencing of GPER expression in cultured cumulus cells abrogated the estradiol-induced CREB phosphorylation and EGF-like factor transcription. In addition, the increase in EGF-like factor expression in the cumulus cells is associated with EGF receptor (EFGR) tyrosine kinase phosphorylation and extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that GPER-mediated phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK1/2 was involved in reduced gap junction communication, cumulus expansion, increased oocyte mitochondrial activity and first polar body extrusion. Overall, our study identified a novel function for estrogen in regulating EGFR activation via GPER in cumulus cells during oocyte maturation.
Letrozole is superior to clomiphene citrate in ovulation induction in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Sakar Mehmet Nafi , Oğlak Süleyman Cemil
Published: October 2020

Objective: This study was aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of ovulation induction (OI) by timed intercourse with letrozole (LTZ) and clomiphene citrate (CC).

Methods: Three hundred and twenty-three patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who underwent OI with LTZ or CC between February 2017 and November 2018 were included in this retrospective study. The patients were divided into two groups as the CC group (n=148) and the LTZ group (n=175). Endometrial thickness, follicular development, ovulation, clinical pregnancy, abortion, and live birth rates of the groups were analyzed.

Results: The mean endometrium thickness of the CC group was 7.1±1.7 mm, and the LTZ group was 8.6±1.8 mm (p<0.001). The ovulation rate per cycle was higher in the LTZ group (93.1%) in comparison with the CC group (83.8%) (p=0.013). Clinical pregnancy rates were 52% in the LTZ group, and 41.2% in the CC group (p=0.047). LTZ with 44% of live birth rate was superior to CC with a 33% live birth rate (p=0.029).

Conclusions: LTZ is an effective OI agent in PCOS patients. LTZ is superior to CC in terms of pregnancy rates and live birth rates. As a result, we recommend that LTZ should be the first-line treatment agent in patients with PCOS.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.3345

How to cite this:Sakar MN, Oglak SC. Letrozole is superior to clomiphene citrate in ovulation induction in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(7):1460-1465. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.3345

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
THE PREREQUISITES OF NONLINEARITY IDEAS DEVELOPMENT IN MODERN ARCHITECTURE
Authors:   JSK “LENNIIPROEKT”, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation, Stsesel S
Published: October 2020

This article offers a brief analysis of the main prerequisites of the emergence of nonlinear architecture. It is shown why conceptions, which only few decades ago seemed fantastic, are being realized in the projects of modern architects today. The influence of different cultural, scientific, social and economic factors is considered. It is proved that a certain artistic idea always underlies nonlinear forms which seem random and its design is realized basing on precise mathematical calculation. It is confirmed that the phenomenon of nonlinear architecture must be considered preeminently as a complex phenomenon. It is shown that ideas from the different and often unrelated areas of knowledge are melted in a «melting-pot» of nonlinear architecture. It is proved that analysis of prerequisites of development and multidisciplinary approach to the research of nonlinear architecture will allow us to predict a vector of possible development of this style
CENTRIFUGE MODELING OF LARGE DIAMETER UNDERGROUND PIPES SUBJECTED TO HEAVY TRAFFIC LOADS
Authors:   Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, Rakitin B , Ming X
Published: October 2020

impose uncertainties on pipe design. This paper describes the procedure and results of a series of geotechnical centrifuge tests performed on a large 1400 mm-diameter reinforced concrete pipe with a footing subjected to heavy traffic loading. The influence of soil cover depth, as well as the positions and magnitude of traffic loads, on the bending moments of the pipe were investigated. A heavy truck with a maximum load of 850 kN was simulated in the majority of the tests, and a medium truck of 252 kN was also simulated. The centrifuge test results were found to be in reasonable agreement with those from full-scale tests. The pipe would experience the most unfavorable conditions when the heaviest axis of the traffic vehicle was located directly above the pipe crown. A deeper soil cover would lead to higher initial stresses in the pipe, as well as reduced influence of traffic load. However, even for a soil cover depth of 4 m, there is significant bending moment induced by the heavy truck loading, which could not be ignored during the pipeline design. Comparison was made between the centrifuge test results and several widely adopted design methods, and unconservative calculation results were noticed for large diameter rigid pipes lying at a shallow soil cover depth subjected to heavy traffic loading.
THE EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF CAPTIVE ASSEMBLIES OF THE PANEL SYSTEM
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Ivashenko Yu , Melnikov V
Published: October 2020

The increase in the number of storeys is impossible without deviation from standard projects, where the structure of assemblies is not designed for buildings that have more than 12 storeys. That’s why it’s necessary to strengthen assemblies. For that purpose the testing of assemblies of the panel system, which is unique in modern textbooks on design, is performed. The paper presents the results of tests conducted at the plant ZHBI-Vostok of Chelyabinsk. The strength and stress-strain performance of an external horizontal assembly in two different versions (with slab-wall junction and without junction) is evaluated. As a result of experimental data processing, the effect of force eccentricity on the stress condition of assemblies is determined. This influence should be taken into consideration in case of hand calculations on assemblies. The axial and angular strain before the failure of assembly samples and the strength reserve of studied structures are specified.
Investigation of the change of lockdowns applied due to COVID-19 pandemic on musculoskeletal discomfort
Authors: Şengül Halil , Bulut Arzu , Adalan Musab Abdullah
Published: October 2020

Objectives: COVID-19 pandemic has affected public health to a large extent. The rapid contamination of the disease has necessitated social distance and lockdown. Musculoskeletal discomforts are the most common complaints among routine medical complaints. Restraints caused by the pandemic and psycho-social effects have caused such complaints increase. In the present study, the aim is to determine whether there is a difference between the Musculoskeletal System Discomforts of the people before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and to reveal the factors affecting such a difference.

Material and Method: This study was carried out in descriptive design. In the study, the study group consisted 1138 people living at different cities of Turkey who accepted to participate in the study. As the data collection tool, the personal information form prepared by the researcher and the “Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (T-CMDQ)”, which was developed by Cornell and translated into Turkish by Erdinç et al. who also tested the validity and adaptation of the questionnaire, were used in the study. The test method conducted in computer environment was used as the data collection method. In the study, decision of the ethics committee was taken for the non-interventional practices (Dated 2020 with no. 06). Paired Sample t-Test statistics was used for data comparison in the study. Significance level was accepted as p <0.001. In the study, Cronbach alpha value of the total score of Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire was found as 0.92.

Results: It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the total mean scores of the participants before COVID-19 and during COVID-19 (p <0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the total mean scores of the participants regarding the pain level before COVID-19 and during COVID-19 (p <0.001).

Conclusion: During COVID-19, it is determined that there is a decrease in the frequency of feeling pain, aches, and discomfort in body regions, but an increase in the severity of the emergent discomforts.
DEM Simulations of Energy Dissipation in Sand under Static and Cyclic Loading
Authors: Tong Liwei , Gao Yan , Wang Yu-Hsing
Published: October 2020

In this study, numerical simulations by the discrete element method were carried out to examine the characteristics of energy dissipation in sand. In the simulations of static biaxial tests of loose and dense samples, it was found that the applied boundary work is either stored in the strain energy or dissipated through interparticle friction when viscous energy loss is not considered. At the critical state, the boundary work balances out the frictional loss and the strain energy ceases to increase. The release of frozen strain energy can be readily seen in the dense sample when the sample is sheared to dilation and under a strain softening response. In the simulations of cyclic simple shear tests at small strains from 6 × 10−6 to 1.5 × 10−4, both frictional and viscous energy losses were considered. The simulated damping ratio and associated shear modulus can be obtained from two methods: traced energy and the resulting hysteresis loop. These two methods render almost identical results. The simulation can reproduce similar responses like the experimental findings in both shear modulus and damping ratio at different confining pressures, strain levels, and strain rates. It is found that not only the lost energy but also the stored energy, which is related to the associated shear modulus, can significantly affect the response of the damping ratio. In addition, the frictional loss mainly takes place in the weak force network, but the viscous energy is quite evenly distributed in the strong and weak force networks.
From adrenarche to aging of adrenal zona reticularis: precocious female adrenopause onset
Authors: Nunes-Souza Emanuelle , Silveira Mônica Evelise , Mendes Monalisa Castilho , Nagashima Seigo , de Paula Caroline Busatta Vaz , Silva Guilherme Guilherme Vieira Cavalcan , Barbosa Giovanna Silva , Martins Julia Belgrowicz , Noronha Lúcia de , Lenzi Luana , Barbosa José Renato Sales , Donin Rayssa Danilow Fachin , Moura Juliana Ferreira de , Custódio Gislaine , Machado-Souza Cleber , Lalli Enzo , Figueiredo Bonald Cavalcante de
Published: October 2020

Objective

Adaptive changes in DHEA and sulfated-DHEA (DHEAS) production from adrenal zona reticularis (ZR) have been observed in normal and pathological conditions. Here we used three different cohorts to assess timing differences in DHEAS blood level changes and characterize the relationship between early blood DHEAS reduction and cell number changes in women ZR.

Materials and methods

DHEAS plasma samples (n = 463) were analyzed in 166 healthy prepubertal girls before pubarche (<9 years) and 324 serum samples from 268 adult females (31.9–83.8 years) without conditions affecting steroidogenesis. Guided by DHEAS blood levels reduction rate, we selected the age range for ZR cell counting using DHEA/DHEAS and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), tumor suppressor and cell stress marker, immunostaining, and hematoxylin stained nuclei of 14 post-mortem adrenal glands.

Results

We confirmed that overweight girls exhibited higher and earlier DHEAS levels and no difference was found compared with the average European and South American girls with a similar body mass index (BMI). Adrenopause onset threshold (AOT) defined as DHEAS blood levels <2040 nmol/L was identified in >35% of the females >40 years old and associated with significantly reduced ZR cell number (based on PTEN and hematoxylin signals). ZR cell loss may in part account for lower DHEA/DHEAS expression, but most cells remain alive with lower DHEA/DHEAS biosynthesis.

Conclusion

The timely relation between significant reduction of blood DHEAS levels and decreased ZR cell number at the beginning of the 40s suggests that adrenopause is an additional burden for a significant number of middle-aged women, and may become an emergent problem associated with further sex steroids reduction during the menopausal transition.
Adoption and Optimization of Genomic Selection To Sustain Breeding for Apricot Fruit Quality
Authors: Nsibi Mariem , Gouble Barbara , Bureau Sylvie , Flutre Timothée , Sauvage Christopher , Audergon Jean-Marc , Regnard Jean-Luc
Published: October 2020

Genomic selection (GS) is a breeding approach which exploits genome-wide information and whose unprecedented success has shaped several animal and plant breeding schemes through delivering their genetic progress. This is the first study assessing the potential of GS in apricot (Prunus armeniaca) to enhance postharvest fruit quality attributes. Genomic predictions were based on a F1 pseudo-testcross population, comprising 153 individuals with contrasting fruit quality traits. They were phenotyped for physical and biochemical fruit metrics in contrasting climatic conditions over two years. Prediction accuracy (PA) varied from 0.31 for glucose content with the Bayesian LASSO (BL) to 0.78 for ethylene production with RR-BLUP, which yielded the most accurate predictions in comparison to Bayesian models and only 10% out of 61,030 SNPs were sufficient to reach accurate predictions. Useful insights were provided on the genetic architecture of apricot fruit quality whose integration in prediction models improved their performance, notably for traits governed by major QTL. Furthermore, multivariate modeling yielded promising outcomes in terms of PA within training partitions partially phenotyped for target traits. This provides a useful framework for the implementation of indirect selection based on easy-to-measure traits. Thus, we highlighted the main levers to take into account for the implementation of GS for fruit quality in apricot, but also to improve the genetic gain in perennial species.
РОЗВИТОК КООРДИНАЦІЙНИХ ЯКОСТЕЙ У ЛИЖНИКІВ-ГОНЩИКІВ 13-14 РОКІВ У ПІДГОТОВЧОМУ ПЕРІОДІ РІЧНОГО МАКРОЦИКЛУ
Authors: Котляр Сергій , Топорков Олександр
Published: October 2020

Мета: визначити вплив координаційних якостей на результати спеціальної фізичної підготовленості лижників-гонщиків 13-14 років у підготовчому періоді.

Матеріал і методи: у дослідженні брали участь 30 спортсменів віком 13-14 років, досвід занять яких лижними гонками – 4-5 років, кваліфікація спортсменів – ІІІ - ІІ розряд. У роботі використані наступні методи: аналіз і узагальнення науково-методичної літератури, педагогічне спостереження, педагогічне тестування, педагогічний експеримент. Для аналізу отриманих даних в роботі використовувалися методи математичної статистики.

Результати: у результаті застосування спеціальної підготовки координаційних якостей у юних лижників-гонщиків результати подолання змагальної дистанції на лижоролерах вільним стилем 5000 м покращались на 12,5 %, на дистанції 100 м ковзанярським стилем на 8,7% і класичним стилем на 8,5% (p<0,05). Висновки: використання вправ для розвитку координаційних якостей у лижників-гонщиків 13-14 років протягом підготовчого періоду дозволило покращити результати в гонках на лижоролерах класичним і ковзанярським стилем пересування.

Ключові слова лижні гонки, юні лижники-гонщики, координаційні якості, підготовчий період, ковзанярський стиль, класичний стиль.
Giant Magnetoelectric Response in Multiferroics with Coexistence of Superparamagnetic and Ferroelectric Phases at Room Temperature
Authors: Glinchuk M. D. , Yurchenko R. P. , Laguta V. V.
Published: October 2020

Multiferroics are materials having two or more order parameters (for instance, magnetic, electric, or elastic) coexisting in the same phase. They have emerged as an important topic in condensed matter physics due to both their intriguing physical behaviors and a broad variety of novel physical applications they enable. Here, we report the results of comprehensive studies of the magnetoelectric (ME) effect in multiferroics with superparamagnetic and ferroelectric phases. On the example of a solid solution of PbFe1/2Ta1/2O3 with (PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3)0.7(PbTiO3)0.3 or Pb(ZrTi)O3, we demonstrate that, in the system with the coexistent superparamagnetic and ferroelectric phases, the ME coefficient can be increased up to three orders in magnitude as compared to conventional magnetoelectrics. This is supported by both theoretical calculations and direct measurements of the ME coefficient. Our study demonstrates that multiferroics with superparamagnetic and ferroelectric phases can be considered as promising materials for applications along with composite multiphase (ferroelectric/ferromagnetic) structures.
The Magnetic Domain Structure Properties in Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors
Authors: Stephanovich V. A. , Semenov Yu. G.
Published: October 2020

We present a comprehensive analysis of the domain structure formation in the ferromagneticphase of diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) of the p-type. Our analysis is carried outon the base of the effective magnetic free energy of DMS calculated by us earlier. This freeenergy, substituting DMS (a disordered magnet) by an effective ordered substance, permits usto apply the standard phenomenological approach to the domain structure calculation. Usingthe coupled system of Maxwell equations with those obtained by the minimization of the freeenergy functional, we show the existence of the critical ratio vcr of concentration of chargecarriers and magnetic ions such that the sample critical thickness Lcr (such that the sampleis monodomain at L < Lcr) diverges as v → vcr. At v > vcr, the sample is monodomain. Thisfeature makes DMS different from conventional ordered magnets, as it gives a possibility tocontrol the sample critical thickness and the emerging domain structure period by a variationof v. As the concentration of magnetic impurities grows, vcr → ∞, restoring a conventionalbehavior of ordered magnets. Above facts have been revealed by the examination of the tem-perature of the transition to an inhomogeneous magnetic state (stripe domain structure) inthe slab of a p-type DMS with finite thickness L. Our theory can be easily generalized for anarbitrary disordered magnet.
Magnetic Properties of Fe3O4/CoFe2O4 Composite Nanoparticles with Core/Shell Architecture
Authors: Zamorskyi V. O. , Lytvynenko Ya. M. , Pogorily A. M. , Tovstolytkin A. I. , Solopan S. O. , Belous A. G.
Published: October 2020

Magnetic properties of the sets of Fe3O4(core)/CoFe2O4(shell) composite nanoparticles with a core diameter of about 6.3 nm and various shell thicknesses (0, 1.0, and 2.5 nm), as well as the mixtures of Fe3O4 and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles taken in the ratios corresponding to the core/shell material contents in the former case, have been studied. The results of magnetic research showed that the coating of magnetic nanoparticles with a shell gives rise to the appearance of two simultaneous effects: the modification of the core/shell interface parameters and the parameter change in both the nanoparticle’s core and shell themselves. As a result, the core/shell particles acquire new characteristics that are inherent neither to Fe3O4 nor to CoFe2O4. The obtained results open the way to the optimization and adaptation of the parameters of the core/shell spinel-ferrite-based nanoparticles for their application in various technological and biomedical domains.
Damping of Magnetoelastic Waves
Authors: Bar’yakhtar V. G. , Danilevich A. G.
Published: October 2020

A general method for constructing a model of the dissipative function describing the relaxation processes induced by the damping of coupled magnetoacoustic waves in magnetically ordered materials has been developed. The obtained model is based on the symmetry of the magnet and describes both exchange and relativistic interactions in the crystal. The model accounts for the contributions of both the magnetic and elastic subsystems to the dissipation, as well asthe relaxation associated with the magnetoelastic interaction. The dispersion law for coupled magnetoelastic waves is calculated in the case of a uniaxial ferromagnet of the “easy axis” type. It is shown that the contribution of the magnetoelastic interaction to dissipative processes can play a significant role in the case of magnetoacoustic resonance.
ICT as Blending Methodology: A Case Study in a Bilingual School in Castilla la Mancha
Authors:   University of Castilla-La Mancha, Calle Altagracia, 50, 13001 Ciudad Real, Spain, González Rafael Cruz
Published: October 2020

The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) is increasingly affecting every aspect of our daily lives, including the educational field where new approaches and methodologies are being developed. CLIL is currently one of the most popular educational approaches in Europe as it combines specifically created online course materials with more traditional teaching strategies. The case study introduced in this paper involves a charter school in Castilla-La Mancha called La Merced where CLIL was introduced in 2013. In the academic year 2018-2019, the school was taken over by an international educational network named Red Educativa Arenales, which decided to modernize the school by introducing highly innovative education teaching strategies related to ICT methodology. The initial stage of the modernization plan consists of equipping every classroom with digital devices such as laptops and tablets, as physical textbooks have been substituted by an online learning platform. Most school stakeholders agree that this first year has proved to be highly satisfactory regarding students’ motivation and academic achievement. Drawing on my experience as an English teacher in La Merced since 2011, in this paper I compare the classroom atmosphere and the academic achievements of my students until 2018, when more traditional methods were in use, to last year’s textbook-free pilot program. I will focus on my own grade, namely 3rd level of secondary education class (age 15-16) whose exam results have remarkably improved since the implementation of ICT blending methodology.
A unified analysis of two reduplication processes in Saraiki
Authors: van de Weijer Jeroen , Atta Firdos
Published: October 2020

We analyse two reduplication processes in Saraiki, an Indo-Aryan language spoken in Pakistan. The two processes are only minimally different: the first type involves total reduplication and the second type involves overwriting with an initial consonant (“fixed segment reduplication”). The goal of the paper is to expose the difficulties of analysing both processes in a single grammar, i.e. with a single constraint hierarchy in Optimality Theory: we finally opt for an analysis based on allomorphy for the second type, to capture the morpheme-specific nature of the processes involved.
Prior knowledge and other individual differences in the development of accuracy over the time-course of a pre-test/treatment/post-test study of instructed second language acquisition
Authors: Lee James F. , Doherty Stephen
Published: October 2020

Time-course data are temporal data that can be explored statically as an outcome measure of accuracy or dynamically from evolutionary and developmental perspectives. The present study examines the development and evolution of accuracy throughout the time-course of a pre-test/treatment/post-test study of instructed second language acquisition. The treatment is processing instruction (PI), which has a long history of positive results. PI research has overwhelmingly compared pre-test with post-test accuracy scores. The present study provides a fine-grained analysis as accuracy evolved and developed sentence by sentence. We analyse two sentence types: baseline active sentences and the target of instruction, passive sentences. Participants were divided into two groups, higher/lower prior knowledge, based on their pre-test scores processing passive sentences. Typically, PI research excludes higher prior knowledge participants, but here they are a comparison group. Our base measurement of development is an accuracy trend, defined as at least three correct answers in a row. We found that the number and length of accuracy trends increased over the time-course of the study and are affected by both sentence type and prior knowledge. The higher prior knowledge group always seems to have the advantage. Both prior knowledge groups benefit from instruction, but in different ways. We also found individual differences within the lower prior knowledge group: some participants benefited a great deal from instruction, some very little, and for some their accuracy with the baseline active sentences was temporarily destabilised.
A self-paced reading study of language processing and retention comparing guided induction and deductive instruction
Authors: Malovrh Paul A. , Lee James F. , Doherty Stephen , Nichols Alecia
Published: October 2020

The present study measured the effects of guided-inductive (GI) versus deductive computer-delivered instruction on the processing and retention of the Spanish true passive using a self-paced reading design. Fifty-four foreign language learners of Spanish participated in the study, which operationalised guided-inductive and deductive approaches using an adaptation of the PACE model and processing instruction (PI), respectively. Results revealed that each experimental group significantly improved after the pedagogical intervention, and that the GI group outperformed the PI group in terms of accuracy on an immediate post-test. Differences between the groups, however, were not durative; at the delayed post-test, each group performed the same. Additional analyses revealed that the GI group spent over twice as much time on task during instruction than the PI group, with no long-term advantages on processing, calling into question the pedagogical justification for implementing GI at a curricular level.
Processing instruction effects regardless of input modality and developmental processing constraints? A school lab classroom study on the morphosyntactic acquisition of L2-English
Authors: Angelovska Tanja , Roehm Dietmar
Published: October 2020

We investigated whether Austrian L2-English learners would benefit more from written or auditory processing instruction (PI) on the third person singular -(e) s tense form. The instruction and all three tests (pre-test, immediate post-test and delayed post-test two weeks after the instruction) were conducted in school lab classrooms. Using accuracy scores and reaction times for the interpretation tasks and accuracy scores for a gap-filling task, this study extrapolates the instructional effects according to modality type. We aimed to find out whether (a) the modality of the PI affects its efficacy regardless of the imposed develop-mental processing constraints of the target feature and how (i.e. resulting in faster or slower and more or less accurate processing); (b) whether any differences in gains could be attributed to the modality of the assessment task; and (c) whether any gained positive effects of instruction (regardless of modality) are maintained over time.
Online methods and tasks in research measuring the effects of processing instruction
Authors: Benati Alessandro
Published: October 2020

Empirical research measuring the effects of processing instruction comes largely from offline tasks. This introductory article to the current special issue provides readers with the following: (1) a brief description of processing instruction; (2) a short review of previous offline research; (3) a review of more recent online studies measuring real-time sentence comprehension.
An eye-tracking study on the effects of structured input and traditional instruction on the acquisition of English passive forms
Authors: Benati Alessandro
Published: October 2020

The present study explores the effects of structured input and traditional instruction on the acquisition of English passive forms using online measurements (eye-tracking). Previous empirical research investigating the effects of processing instruction through offline measurements (sentence and discourse-level) has overall shown that it is an effective pedagogical intervention. Research investigating the main factor responsible for the effectiveness of processing instruction has confirmed that it is the structured input component that is the causative factor for the positive effects of processing instruction. The two main questions of this study are: (1) What are the effects of structured input and traditional instruction on accuracy when measured by an eye-tracking picture selection task? (2) Would possible differences in accuracy between structured input and traditional instruction be accompanied by changes in eye-movement patterns? To provide answers to the questions formulated in this study, one eye-tracking study was carried out. Sixty-four school-age learners (15–16 years old) participated and were assigned to one of two groups: structured input (n = 32 or traditional instruction (n = 32). Neither instructional group received explicit information. A pre- and post-training design was adopted and the two groups received two different instructional treatments (structured input vs traditional instruction). Participants were assessed through a picture selection eye-tracking task to measure accuracy and eye-movement patterns while they were processing auditory sentences. Results of the eye-tracking task indicated that the structured input group achieved significantly higher accuracy scores compared with the group receiving traditional instruction. The main findings from the present study reveal that structured input training might cause a change in learners’ eye-movement patterns.
A self-paced-reading study on the effects of structured input and textual enhancement on the acquisition of the Italian subjunctive of doubt
Authors: Chiuchiù Gaia , Benati Alessandro
Published: October 2020

The present study investigates the effects of structured input and textual enhancement on the acquisition of the Italian subjunctive of doubt using a self-paced reading test. The main questions of this study are: (1) Would L2 learners exposed to structured input and textual enhancement demonstrate sensitivity to violations of the Italian subjunctive of doubt as measured by a self-paced reading test? (2) Would L2 learners exposed to structured input and textual enhancement demonstrate the ability to comprehend sentences containing the subjunctive of doubt? Eighteen Chinese (L1) subjects learning Italian in a private school were randomly assigned to two instructional groups: structured input (n = 9); and textual enhancement (n = 9). Neither instructional treatments included explicit information. The main results from the self-paced reading task indicated that only the structured input group showed higher sensitivity to violations, and this group improved from pre-test to post-test in the ability to comprehend sentences containing the target feature under investigation.
Key Questions in Second Language Acquisition: An Introduction by B. VanPatten, M. Smith and A. Benati (2020)
Authors: Schwieter John W.
Published: October 2020

Key Questions in Second Language Acquisition: An Introduction by B. VanPatten, M. Smith and A. Benati (2020)

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, xvi + 212pp.
“Mal de cintura” disorder characterization of pineapple MD2 in agroclimatic conditions of flat area of Valle del Cauca, Colombia
Authors: Gómez Yesicamila , Ríos-Rojas Liliana
Published: October 2020

In some localities in Colombia a physiological disorder called "Mal de cintura", is present in MD2 pineapple productive farms. It is a deformation of the fruit due to the incomplete development of contiguous flowers that produces a physical damage (external appearance); generating fruit rejection in the market. Factors that trigger this problem are unknown. This research was carried out on two farms in Valle del Cauca, Colombia, soil moisture and ambient temperature conditions were evaluated on the expression of the physiological disorder. In farm 1, vegetative and productive phases of the crop were evaluated. The results indicate that the plants were not in water deficit before, during or after flowering, ruling out this factor on the expression of the physiological disorder. During flowering, maximum temperatures reached 35°C and minimum temperatures 18°C were recorded, giving an alert on this variable due to the presence of the physiological disorder of 96% of the crop. In farm 2, a more detailed monitoring of the temperatures was carried out during the inflorescence development. In this period, maximum temperature inside crop was 58,5°C and the minimum was 15,5°C, symptoms of deformation were present in 78% of the crop. Results were inconclusive about temperature influence on fruit deformation. A chemical analysis of inflorescences tissue with and without expression of the physiological disorder was performed to validate the influence of a nutritional problem. Results indicated that damaged inflorescences had higher copper, zinc and manganese contents than healthy inflorescences.
COVID-19 and Fungal Infection
Authors: Lee Ji Hyun , Yook Hwa Jung
Published: October 2020

In November 2019, the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was first reported. The infection of COVID-19 has rapidly spread worldwide. Some have unapparent or mild symptoms, but some patients have fatal forms including respiratory or multiple organ failure. In March 2020, the World Health Organization announced COVID-19 as pandemic disease. The COVID-19 pandemic is a sudden, difficult-to-control, and severe disease that can also appear to patients in dermatology. However, understanding disease and experience with it is still insufficient. Therefore, we would like to review patients with fungal infections in the COVID-19 pandemic era.