bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can Tax Incentives for Electronic Payments Curtail the Shadow Economy? Korea’s Attempt to Reduce Underreporting in Retail Businesses*
Authors: Sung Myung Jae , Awasthi Rajul , Lee Hyung Chul
Published: October 2021

Increasing tax revenues by curtailing the shadow economy has been a central goal of tax policy and administration in the Republic of Korea since the National Tax Service was established as an independent agency in 1966. This paper examines the Tax Incentives for Electronically Traceable Payments (TIETP) introduced by the Korean tax authorities in 1999 to promote payments made using credit cards, debit cards, and electronic cash receipts in business-to-consumer transactions. TIETP allows wage and salary earners to claim tax deductions for eligible purchases made using electronically traceable payments when they file their year-end income tax return. This tax incentive scheme has greatly contributed to transforming the Korean economy into a cashless economy over the last decade and a half. Card payments as a ratio of Korea’s GDP have ranked highest in the world since 2005, reaching 49% in 2014. TIETP has increased the percentage of business income earners who pay taxes from stagnant at around 30% up to the late 1990s to approximately 80% at present. The effective personal income tax rate for business income followed a continuous upward trend from 3.4% in 1998 to 6.3% in 2013. The total revenue increase driven by TIETP has been estimated as ₩3.4 trillion, with TIETP costs reaching ₩1.9 trillion. The net gain is an estimated ₩1.4 trillion (approximately US$1.3 billion), an increase of personal income tax revenue by 4.2%. TIETP also had a positive impact on income redistribution, decreasing Gini coefficients by 0.11 percentage points.
Determining the quality of life of marriage migrant women in Korea*
Authors: Kim Hwayeon , Oh Hyun Gyu , Lee Sook Jong
Published: October 2021

In search of greater economic and social opportunities, people emigrate, choosing to leave their countries of birth. Currently, many married migrant women are building new lives in Korea. They are no longer foreigners or part of the social minority but neighbors raising children and engaging in economic activity in Korea. The purposes of this study are to clarify the importance of studying, in the field of policy studies, the quality of life of marriage migrant women who left their homelands to live in Korea, and to analyze various factors that affect quality of life. Specifically, family factors, relational factors, social factors, and cultural and policy factors are examined. Based on the results of the empirical analysis, this study suggests various policy implications for enhancing the quality of life of marriage migrant women.
The Distribution of Safety within a State: Seismic Evaluation of School Buildings
Authors: Cho Hee-Chan
Published: October 2021

This study examines the factors that influence human vulnerability to natural disasters by focusing on the seismic evaluation of school buildings in Korea. Since natural disasters such as an earthquake often do not take people’s lives directly, but rather indirectly through the destruction of physical structures, seismic reinforcement of school buildings may reduce the vulnerability of their occupants by strengthening structures to withstand such disasters. Disaster mitigation measures are implemented within a state; however, little is known about how they are distributed when the physical properties of structures are taken into account. This paper analyzes a panel data based on the structural properties of school buildings in eight different provinces between 2011 and 2015 using a logistic regression model. The results show that factors identified in cross-country studies, such as economic capacity and political factors, still have influence on earthquake preparedness at the state level, even when the physical properties of structures or technical factors are considered.
Strategies for Governing: An Approach to Public Management Research for West and East
Authors: Roberts Alasdair
Published: October 2021

Research in Public Management (PM) has run into two obstacles. In Western countries, scholars complain that PM research neglects big questions about the overall design of government and its adaptation to new threats. Meanwhile, Asian scholars complain about the Western-centrism of PM research and its failure to account for the distinctive features of governance in their countries. A new approach to PM research will overcome both obstacles. This new approach assumes that leaders of the world’s 195 states face the common challenge of devising a strategy for governing their territory and population that will achieve security, prosperity, and justice. These “strategies for governing” vary between countries and over time, as leaders wrestle with contradictions among goals, uncertainty about tactics, turbulent environmental conditions, and sticky cultural and institutional inheritances. This is a macro approach to PM research that provides a framework for addressing big questions about governance while overcoming the Western-centric bias of current scholarship.
Questionable Reform: The Adoption of the Double-Entry Bookkeeping and Accrual Basis Accounting System in Korea*
Authors: Im Tobin , Lee Hyunkuk , Lim Dongwan
Published: October 2021

This study examines the factors that influence human vulnerability to natural disasters by focusing on the seismic evaluation of school buildings in Korea. Since natural disasters such as an earthquake often do not take people’s lives directly, but rather indirectly through the destruction of physical structures, seismic reinforcement of school buildings may reduce the vulnerability of their occupants by strengthening structures to withstand such disasters. Disaster mitigation measures are implemented within a state; however, little is known about how they are distributed when the physical properties of structures are taken into account. This paper analyzes a panel data based on the structural properties of school buildings in eight different provinces between 2011 and 2015 using a logistic regression model. The results show that factors identified in cross-country studies, such as economic capacity and political factors, still have influence on earthquake preparedness at the state level, even when the physical properties of structures or technical factors are considered.
The Acculturation Process and Philanthropic Giving: Evaluating the Effect of Sociocultural Adaptation and Ethnic Identity*
Authors: Moon Seong-gin
Published: October 2021

Although literature on the field of philanthropy has examined why and how individual give, there is a lack of attention paid to the acculturation process that occurs after immigrants’ arrival to a host country. This study focuses on two salient parts of the acculturation process—sociocultural adaptation and ethnic identity—and empirically examines their respective effects on giving. Based on data from the Korean-American Philanthropic Survey, regression models are constructed to estimate such effects. The empirical results show that immigrants with a higher level of sociocultural adaptation are more likely to give than their counterparts in terms of both participation and the amount. In addition, immigrants with a stronger Korean identity are more likely to give more than their counterparts. Finally, some resources that immigrants possess are positively related to giving, including education, religiosity, age, and household income.
Effects of Expectation-Disconfirmation regarding the Role of Government on Trust in Government and the Moderating Effect of Citizen Participation*
Authors: Kang Hye Jin , Park Eun Hyung
Published: October 2021

This study draws on expectation-disconfirmation theory to explore differences between what is expected of the government and perceptions of what the government in fact does and to determine the influence of these differences on trust in government. Confirming the applicability of contact theory, this study also reveals the moderating effect of citizen participation. The results show that the more citizens’ expectations regarding the role of government are not met, the less trust they have in government. The relation between these two variables is consistently observed, regardless of ways of measuring trust in government. However, the negative relation between expectation-disconfirmation and trust in government was moderated by citizens’ political participation.
Agency Politicization and the Decline of Neutral Competence: The Case of OMB in the United States
Authors: Lim Jae Young
Published: October 2021

The modern presidency is heavily politicized. The president is expected to be the chief legislator, chief economist, chief psychiatrist, and chief diplomat for the nation and is the cog around which national affairs revolve. However, a politicized presidency signals the downfall of the managerial presidency that was buttressed by agencies with neutral competence. This article traces the evolution of an American budgetary agency, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) from its inception to the present, documenting the baleful impact of the politicized presidency on the OMB. Amid politicization, the OMB lost its professional reputation for neutral competence and was replaced by the Congressional Budget Office as the foremost authority on national budgetary matters. This article, in essence, presents a cautionary tale of agency politicization in modern bureaucracy.
Higher Public Service Motivation for Accepting Public Sector Pension Reform? Evidence from Korean Government Organizations*
Authors: Kim Yunho , Jung Yunjin , Seoh Dongwook , Im Tobin
Published: October 2021

Organizational reforms that employees do not voluntary accept are likely to negatively affect organizational effectiveness in the long term. We conducted an empirical analysis with survey data by reviewing related studies on public service motivation (PSM) and acceptance of organizational changes, the goal being to verify the relationship between government employees’ PSMand their acceptance of public sector pension reform in Korea. Results show that public servants highly driven by PSM are willing to accept this pension reform even though it reduces their own benefits. This study is distinguished from existing literature of PSM and responses to organizational changes because it reduces the possibility of endogeneity problems.
Policy Coordination in South Korea
Authors: Lim Hyunjung
Published: October 2021

Coordination has been one of the major problems in the field of public administration (Pressman & Wildavsky, 1984; Peters 1998; Bouckaert, Peters, & Verhoest, 2010). However, as the complexity of policy problems increases and the policy environment changes, coordination is becoming more of a serious challenge to administration than ever before (Peters, 2018; Roberts, 2011). The failure of policy coordination can greatly undermine administrative capacity, so a serious approach to coordination is necessary not only theoretically but also practically. This study reviewed policy coordination theories and analyzed prior studies on current Korean policy coordination. In particular, I focused on the concepts, dimensions, mechanisms, and performance of policy coordination. What I found is that the number and variety of coordination studies in Korea is low. Most prior studies on coordination have focused on coordination between central ministries, and their methodology has primary taken the form of a literature review. Empirical studies on coordination performance have been few and far between. Based on these findings, I suggest several implications.
Comparing Government Performance Indicators: A Fuzzy-set Analysis*
Authors: Kim Phil , Im Tobin
Published: October 2021

National governments rely on global performance indicators to measure where they stand and to build future strategies. However, no previous study has compiled various indices to investigate pathways to government performance. We use fuzzy-set analysis to investigate what role each of five determinants of government performance—trait competitiveness, change-oriented citizenship behavior, public service motivation, organizational identification, and corruption tolerance—play in three representative government performance indicators—“Government Effectiveness”, “Government Efficiency”, and “Throughput”. The results indicate that government performance as measured by these three indicators is commonly tied to strongly public-service-motivated employees. These three indicators are distinguished from one another with regard to the number of factors that contribute to the construction of sufficient configurations, the role of innovation-inclined factors, and the role of corruption tolerance.
Errors in Public Management and Congressional Oversight
Authors: Lee Jongkon
Published: October 2021

It is widely believed that “fire alarm” oversight (i.e., reactive oversight that responds to the complaints of interest groups) rather than “police patrol” oversight (i.e., precautionary congressional surveillance), better promotes the performance of government agencies by efficiently reducing bureaucratic moral hazard. However, fire alarm oversight can lead to bureaucrats being falsely accused by interest groups who provide biased information to members of Congress of failure to properly implement a policy, thereby causing an unnecessary administrative delay in public management. This article suggests a formal model that compares fire alarm and police patrol oversight and examines the development of congressional oversight mechanisms in the United States.
Consequences of Submissive Loyalty Corporations: An Empirical Analysis of Korean Female Employees’ Perception*
Authors: Kim Hwayeon , Nam Taewoo
Published: October 2021

The number of female employees in the Korean workforce has risen. However, the Korean corporate climate, characterized by collectivism, hierarchism, and senior and masculine privilege, leads them to experience worklife conflict and even halt their careers. This climate stems from a social and organizational culture deeply rooted in traditional Confucianism. In Korea, where housework and childcare have long been considered the province of women, female employees find it more difficult to balance office work and family life. The Korean corporate climate welcomes overtime work, and women who work outside the home must juggle this and family responsibilities. We conceptualize behavior such as acquiescing to overtime work as submissive loyalty and elucidate work-family conflict and decreasing job and life satisfaction as consequences thereof. The analysis, based on a structural equation model, revealed that submissive loyalty increases work-family conflict, which decreases job and life satisfaction.
The Effect of Public Officers’ Work-Life Balance on Job Satisfaction Differences between Men and Women*
Authors: Hur Joon-Young , Hwang Duk-Yun
Published: October 2021

We performed an empirical analysis based on data from a questionnaire survey that Korean government officers participated in about the effects of worklife balance (WLB) on job satisfaction in order to whether unpaid labor such as housework had a moderating effect on job satisfaction. The subjective balance of an individual’s time input in work and life was used to measure WLB. We find that WLB has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction and that there is no statistically significant gender difference. However, the WLB effect on married female officers is smaller than that on single female officers, while it is not significant for male public officers. Child-rearing has a negative moderating effect on women’s job satisfaction, although this was not statistically significant. This result suggests that the effect of the household work burden that marriage as well as child care brings is a variable that policy makers should be keep in mind in developing WLB policies.
Government Relocation and Public Officials’ Compassion: The Case of Sejong City
Authors: Jung Hoyong
Published: October 2021

The Korean central government complex was relocated from Seoul, its capital city, to the newly constructed Sejong City in phases from 2012 to 2014. This study examines how the government relocation affects public officials’ compassion. Applying a two-way fixed effect estimation to mitigate endogeneity, I find that public officials’ sympathy declined significantly after the relocation and that certain management practices, such as a performance-related reward system, have exacerbated these negative effects. As a sympathetic attitude is a significant aspect of public service motivation and it positively related to government productivity, this study maintains that it is necessary for management to take heed of the disadvantageous effects of government relocation and attempt to address them.
Missiles and Miscalculation
Authors: Jed Lea-Henry
Published: October 2021

Jeffrey Lewis’s new book is a story of academic and policy lament. The finer details of the North Korean nuclear crisis – the things that should really matter to people concerned by the issue, and those people driving government responses –are too often glossed over or simply never understood. The small circle of people who ‘are’ concerned tend to have very little sway. Jeffrey Lewis is one of those fringe people, and ‘The 2020 Commission Report on the North Korean Nuclear Attacks Against the United States: A Speculative Novel’ is his attempt to bundle academic substance into a more accessible, narrative format; a place where fundamental questions play out in a different light: “did America’s leaders have the opportunity to avert the greatest calamity in the history of our nation?”
Do Machine Learning Methods Outperform Traditional Statistical Models in Crime Prediction? A Comparison Between Logistic Regression and Neural Networks
Authors: Na Chongmin , Oh Gyeongseok , Song Juyoung , Park Hyoungah
Published: October 2021

Although machine learning (ML) methods have recently gained popularity in both academia and industry as alternative risk assessment tools for efficient decision-making, inconsistent patterns are observed in the existing literature regarding their competitiveness and utility in predicting various outcomes. Drawing on a sample of the general youth population in the U.S., we compared the predictive accuracy of logistic regression (LR) and neural networks (NNs), which are the most widely applied approaches in conventional statistics and contemporary ML methods, respectively, by adopting many theoretically relevant predictors of the future arrest outcome. Even after fully implementing rigorous ML protocols for model tuning and up-sampling and down-sampling procedures recommended in recent literature to optimize learning algorithms, NNs did not yield substantially improved performance over LR if we still rely on a conventional dataset with relatively small sample sizes and a limited number of predictors. Nonetheless, we encourage more rigorous, comprehensive, and diverse evaluation research for a complete understanding of the ML potential in predictive capacity and the contingencies in which modern ML methods can perform better than conventional parametric statistical models.
Genesis of the Russia-Japan Conundrum in Northeast Asian Security: The Anatomy of Mutual Distrust and the China Factor
Authors: Ahn Se Hyun
Published: October 2021

This paper examines the potential and limits of Russo-Japanese bilateral relations across the Gorbachev, Yeltsin and Putin periods, exploring the roots of the mutual distrust between the two countries, Gorbachev’s “new thinking” with respect to Japan, how Yeltsin’s policy differed from Gorbachev’s, what Putin’s policy priorities were with Abe, and the limits of Russo-Japanese relations. I also analyze important external elements in bilateral relations such as the China factor, predict how Russian relations with Japan will affect Russia’s future role in Northeast Asia, and discuss policy implications for Republic of Korea as well. The main argument of this paper is that Japan and Russia will continue to remain as immiscible in the end even before economic relations fully heated. Kuril Island dispute along with inherent mistrust between the two sides will continue to obstruct bilateral relations for the indefinite period unless there is a shocking event such as Russia’s decision to yield the four islands in contention to Japan.
National Informatization Policy in Korea: A Historical Reflection and Policy Implications
Authors: Lee Changhee
Published: October 2021

This study examines, from a historical and macro perspective, the national informatization strategy that Korea has pursued over the past 40 years which laid the foundation for the rise of Korea as one of the leading countries in the digital revolution today. In particular, the informatization process is divided into five phases from the 1980s to the present, and analyzed in three aspects – main policies and plans, policy implementation system and structure, and major laws. And based on the previous research results, the success factors of informatization in Korea are discussed in terms of policy actors and institutions, policy implementation process, and policy environment. After examining the limitations of Korea’s informatization policy, policy implications for developing countries are drawn in terms of policy process, policy design, and policy instruments.
From Fragile to Collapsed Statehood: The Case of the Republic of Yemen (1990-2020)
Authors: Dostal Jörg Michael
Published: October 2021

The unification of the two Yemeni states–the northern Yemen Arab Republic (YAR) and the southern People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY), respectively–in 1990 has been a resounding failure. Merging the tribal-dominated northern and state-party dominated southern regimes meant increasing the number of factions competing for access to state resources to satisfy material and security needs of their respective networks of influence. In particular, efforts at growing the resource base of the unified state after 1990, by means of an expansion of oil and gas exploration and extraction, raised the revenue base of the state in an unsustainable manner. Such growth in national oil and gas rents increased rather than decreased competition over state authority to control the spoils.
The major subsequent events, such as the 1994 civil war, the 2004-2010 “Saada wars” against the Houthi movement, the Yemeni version of the “Arab Spring” in 2011, the failure of the National Dialogue Conference (March 2013-January 2014), and the start of the Saudi and Emirati bombing campaign and subsequent ground war in Yemen since March 2015 all triggered major clashes between different factions of the Yemeni state bureaucracy, army, and civil society. On each of these occasions, efforts to freeze out some Yemeni actors produced escalating conflict between the remaining factions instead of a winning coalition that could have reestablished a degree of stability. The article explains how local, regional, and global factors have jointly overwhelmed the Yemeni actors, and how foreign intervention has led to the further deterioration of the pre-existing national crisis.
The Arts as a Polarized Issue and the Role of Political Trust in Promoting the Arts: Evidence From the United States
Authors: Lim Jae Young , Woo Harin
Published: October 2021

The arts in the United States, for a long time received strong support from both sides of the political aisle. However, in recent years, the arts have been transformed into a partisan issue that pits conservatives against liberals. The article points to the importance of political trust as a means of helping conservatives overcome their ideological inclinations and support the arts. Scholars argue that political trust influences more strongly individuals who perceive a given policy to be one that imposes ideological risks for them compared with those without such risks. Focusing on the moderating role of political trust, the article examines whether political trust can help alleviate the conservatives’ hostility to the arts. Relying on the 2016 General Social Survey, the article finds that conservatives have no direct relationship with arts spending, but they will be more likely to support arts spending when this is contingent upon political trust.
The Impact of Socio-Economic Position on Perceived Oppression: Using Social Support as a Mediator
Authors: Lee Nakyung , Im Tobin
Published: October 2021

Within the continuing economic downturn, our society has been facing rapid dichotomization and bi-polarization between groups which reinforces social inequality. Young (2011) states that social inequality should be viewed as a concept of oppression, not by the distribution of resources, which has been considered as a general indicator of social inequality. Following her argument, she suggests exploitation, marginalization, powerlessness, cultural imperialism, and violence as sub-concepts of oppression. In this sense, this study uses the distribution of resources as an independent variable and the ‘perceived oppression’ presented by Young as a dependent variable to identify the role of social support as a factor that makes the difference between social-structural inequality and contextual inequality. Through hierarchical regression analyses and bootstrapping methods this paper looks at how the two different perspectives on inequality are related, and how the social support mediates the relationship between socio-economic position and perceived oppression. By shedding light on the meaning of socio-economic isolation of individuals, this study will contribute to the academia in searching for the alternatives to strengthen the stability of our society where the new paradigm of communication is being used to form network ties and corresponding sense of supports.
Determinants and Implications for Creativity Education in Korea: Policy Tools, Street-level Administration, and Implementation Conditions
Authors: Kim Nanyoung
Published: October 2021

The success of a policy depends on whether policy tool is appropriately chosen and how they work well to effective policy implementation in complex policy environments. However, only a handful of empirical studies attempt to test the effects of policy tools. This study uses a hierarchical regression analysis with data from both administrative data and survey data gathered from 167 lower secondary school teachers in Korea to examine the effect of key policy tools. The results are as followings: for grant, subject classroom facility grant has statistically significant positive relationships with CE, whereas CE Model School grant does not; for regulation, textbook regulation has statistically significant positive relationships with CE, whereas fewer subjects per a semester regulation does not.
MODERN CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING STUDENTS' KNOWLEDGE IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE LESSONS
Authors: Salamat A.
Published: October 2021

The article shows the importance of the system of assessing the knowledge of students in English lessons through the introduction of modern assessment technologies. Attention is focused on the importance of the assessment stage as a fundamental one in the educational process system. The author emphasizes that the assessment method is not only a way to diagnose students ' academic performance, but also an effective tool for improving the quality of the educational process as a whole. In this regard, the activity of an English teacher in the application of popular, scientifically based assessment systems is the key to achieving the ultimate goal – to be the main motivator and teach a child a foreign language. In addition, this approach to the organization of the lesson allows you to increase the activity of students as objects of pedagogical influence. It is also emphasized that the assessment method is not only a method of diagnosing student performance, but also an effective means of improving the quality of general education. The article discusses in detail such types of criteria assessment as formative assessment, summative assessment, diagnostic assessment and feedback. Each approach is characterized by its significance and specificity in the educational process.
Teachers’ Regular Supervision and Student Academic Performance in Public Secondary Schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria
Authors: Alonge BOLARINWA Dapo , Olusesan OGUNMILADE Johnson , Oloruntoba BAMIKOLE
Published: October 2021

The poor academic performance of students could be as a result of irregular supervision of teachers. The study investigated the relationship between teachers’ regular supervision and student academic performance in public secondary schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Descriptive survey and correlational research were used for the study. The population for this study was 203 schools and 7,538 teachers in public secondary schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Validated instrument titled “Teachers’ Regular Supervision Questionnaire (TRSQ) was employed to collect data from the sample while a profoma was used to obtained data for academic performance of students. The study revealed that there was a positive significant relationship between regular supervision of teachers and student academic performance in public secondary schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study recommended that principals and other internal supervisors should ensure regular supervision of teachers.
Review of Wage Increase Indonesian Migrant Workers Domestic Sector in Taiwan
Authors: Suryadi  , Hennigusnia  , Suryono Ivan Lilin , Nuzula Firdausi , Aditya Baskoro Putra
Published: October 2021

Indonesia is a country that places the largest number of migrant workers in Taiwan dominated by female workers with the majority working in the domestic sector. However, the minimum wage of domestic sector Indonesian Migrant Workers working in Taiwan has not increased since 2015 at NT$ 17,000. In the meantime, the minimum wage for non-domestic workers increased annually until 2020 to NT$ 23,800. In addition to that, the amount of overtime wages of NT$ 567 is still small compared to the wages of local domestic workers. Novelty of this study is the composition of the model of adjustment of the minimum wage and overtime wage of Indonesian domestic workers in Taiwan based on academic studies. Wage adjustment using Prorate approach, namely domestic Indonesian Migrant Workers wages, is calculated using Taiwan's minimum wage increase growth approach starting from 2016 – 2020 and for overtime wages following the rules applicable in Taiwan Labor Standard Act Articles 24, 32, and 36. Over the past 4 years Taiwan's minimum wage has increased by 5% annually from 2017 to 2019, and 3% in 2020. The minimum wage of the domestic sector Indonesian Migrant Workers if it follows Taiwan's minimum wage growth becomes NT$ 20,222. Based on the calculation of the minimum wage, the overtime wage per day (≥ 8 hours) is NT$ 1,067.
Cinsel İşlev Bozukluklarında Kanıta Dayalı Geleneksel ve Tamamlayıcı Tedavi Uygulamaları
Authors: GÜNDÜZ Ceyda Su , CAN GÜRKAN Özlem
Published: October 2021

Dünya Sağlık Örgütü cinsel sağlığı: “Sadece hastalık, işlev bozukluğu veya sakatlığın olmaması değil, fiziksel, duygusal, zihinsel ve sosyal yönden cinsellikle ilgili iyilik hali” olarak tanımlamaktadır. Bireylerin, çiftlerin ve ailelerin genel sağlığı ve refahında önemli bir yere sahip olan cinsel sağlığı etkileyen faktörler arasında cinsel işlev bozuklukları yer almaktadır. Dünyada ve Türkiye’de birçok birey cinsel işlev bozukluklarını yaşamaktadır. Erkeklerde erken boşalma, sertleşme bozukluğu; kadınlarda ise orgazm bozukluğu, cinsel ilgi/uyarılma bozukluğu gibi cinsel işlev bozuklukları bulunmaktadır. Cinsel işlev bozuklukları, çiftlerin ilişki kalitesini olumsuz etkilemekte, hem kadın hem de erkekte anksiyete ve depresyona neden olabilmektedir. Günümüzde, cinsel işlev bozuklukları tedavisinde, medikal tedavinin yanı sıra geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tedavi uygulamalarının kullanım sıklığı da tıp hekiminden veya batı tıbbından memnun olmama, tıbbi ilaçların yan etkilerinden kaçınma, doğal yöntemleri tercih etme gibi nedenlerden dolayı giderek artmaktadır. Ulusal Tamamlayıcı ve İntegratif Sağlık Merkezi bu yöntemleri doğal ürünler, zihin ve beden uygulamaları ve bu grupların hiçbirine tam olarak uymayan diğer tamamlayıcı sağlık yaklaşımları olarak ayırmıştır. Cinsel işlev bozukluklarının tedavisinde bu geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tedavi uygulamalarından yararlanılmasına rağmen çok azının etkinliği kanıt düzeyi yüksek çalışmalarda gösterilmiştir. Bu derlemede kadın ve erkeklerde görülen cinsel işlev bozukluklarında yararlanılan geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tedavi uygulamalarıyla ilgili yapılan çalışmaların kanıt düzeyleri incelenmiştir.
Mixed Distant Learning in Pandemic Waves
Authors: Kurbakova Marina
Published: October 2021

Distance learning is becoming more and more rooted in our life; it will not disappear after the pandemic and occupy a certain large niche in education. Nothing can replace human contact, but we can enhance the remote aspect of learning. In our study, we use the empirical method; data collection by continuous sampling and factual activity. The theoretical research method is reflected in the subsequent modeling of the flexible trajectory in distance education. The study has found the following results. The alternating phases of distance learning, live lectures and seminars can be planned so that for the period of live communication you need to put the maximum of theory and practice on those issues that are difficult to solve in distance learning. To build effective work in an online university, an online platform is needed. When performing the same type of grammar tasks on an online platform with the aim of assimilating them and further automation, the teacher saves energy for more efficient work in the webinar. The advantages of online learning compared to traditional classes are that an absent student may later be asked to complete a task that will be automatically verified and tracked. Taking tests and exams in the online conference mode is easier, easier than it seems if you learn to use its convenient options. The psychophysics of some students is such that the pressure of the teacher in the class is not the best form of assimilation of the material. Having free access to the task, he can complete it at the most favorable time, at the best pace for himself, to remake it. The disadvantages of the platform are that uncontrolled work on it can lead to an endless search by students for a collective answer to tasks, tasks, based on intuition and their mechanical execution. Do not overestimate the student’s desire to comprehend knowledge. Control here should be even more serious than in full-time classes. The reasons for teachers’ complaints about webinars also occur for the following reasons: there was no temporary opportunity to study and even more confidently use all the features of conference applications, there was no way to connect existing developments in the field of distance and e-learning, and the advantages of mobile applications were not actively used. The results of the study can be applied in a new environment in which teachers and educators are not predictably found with the prospect of an inevitable rooting in later life.
Model of a Training Course for Successful Scientific Publication and Problems of Scientific Communication for PhD Students and Young Scientists
Authors: Kirilova Savina , Boiadjieva Elena
Published: October 2021

Limiting fake scientific publishing requires future authors, especially PhD students, postdoctoral researchers and young scientists, to be aware of the dangers of marginal and fake journals and to be extremely careful when submitting their manuscripts. The study, analysis and summary of advanced practices is presented in the paper which is related with the experience concerning the development of adequate trainings for the formation of oral and written communication skills in higher education. The results show that they are mostly focused on the creation of the scientific text and its successful presentation, but not to the recognition of the emerging risks in scientific publishing. On the other hand, a survey of 232 people from the academic community of Sofia University shows that some of them (mainly PhD students and young scientists) is not familiar with the manifestations of "predatory" publishing. One of the effective ways to overcome these existing deficits is to organize and to conduct specialized trainings aimed at familiarizing and clarifying the problems of scientific communication and opening up opportunities for the formation of skills for successful publishing. The article proposes a curriculum for a university training course for PhD students and young scientists. The training focus is the practical skills forming about choice of suitable journals for presentation the scientific results as well as the manifestations of marginal scientific publishing and ways to avoid them by solving different cases. The proposed course is approbated and evaluated within the realized trainings of Master’s students, PhD students and young scientists from the Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy of Sofia University through a survey that shows its usefulness and proves the necessity of including such trainings in the curricula of all levels of education in Bulgarian universities.
Cortical Neurons and Astrocytes in Intrauterine Ethanol Exposure: The Role of Exposure Time and Postnatal Timeline
Authors: A.Z. Abijo , O.A. Ayannuga , O.S. Bamigboye
Published: October 2021

Background: The state of cortical neurons and astrocytes are pointers to the health of the brain. These cells are morphologically distorted by alcohol exposure. Intrauterine alcohol exposure remains a challenge with perinatal consequences. The role of exposure time and postnatal timeline on the degree of cortical cell derangement remains a subject of controversy till date. This study therefore examines alcohol exposure and postnatal changes on brain weight, cortical neurons and astrocytes at different developmental periods. Methods: Twenty mature female Wistar rats were time-mated and grouped into 4 groups. Group 1 (control) received distilled water (2 mL/kg), Groups 2, 3 and 4 were administered 2.5 mL/kg of 20% ethanol orally on the 4th, 11th and 18th days of gestation respectively. Rats produced litters and pups' brains were harvested and processed for H&E and Golgi Cox stains at the 3rd and 6th postnatal week. Neuronal and astrocytic densities in the cerebral cortex were evaluated. Results and Conclusion: There was statistically significant increase (p<0.05) in the density of degenerating neurons at the third postnatal week and sixth postnatal weeks in the experimental groups when compared with the control. There was also statistically significant increase (p<0.05) in astrocytic density in groups 2 and 4 at the 3rd postnatal week. There was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) in the astrocytic densities across groups at the sixth postnatal week. It was concluded that intrauterine alcohol exposure in any of the developmental periods resulted in postnatal neuronal degeneration which persisted till the 6th week. However, increased astrocytic densities is a feature of 1st and 3rd trimester alcohol exposure noted in the 3rd but absent in the 6th postnatal week.
Role of Godrej Mangroves in Climate Change Mitigation through Carbon Sequestration.
Authors: Karkhanis Hemant , Pednekar Sanjeev , Joshi Tejashree
Published: October 2021

Godrej and Boyce Mfg. Co. Ltd. is conserving thousands of acres of mangrove forest along the western bank of Thane Creek (19º03’31.12” N, 72º56’31.54” E to 19º06’31.43” N to 72º56’31.54” E) since the decade of 1940s. In this rich biodiverse forest, we have recorded 16 species of mangrove and mangrove associated plants. These forests provide ecosystem services like prevention of coastal erosion, habitat for wildlife, livelihoods for local fisherfolk, research and education avenue for academia and regulation of local climate. This paper explains material and methodology used to measure sequestered carbon using data of past 3 years. Annually this forest sequesters 6 lakh tons of CO2 its potential annual increment value iaround 50,000 tons of equivalent CO2. This carbon sequestration service is very valuable considering high emission of CO2 in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region and its impact on climate change. The paper also highlights importance of this project to the society and need to sensitize stakeholders for the mangrove conservation.
Kekerasan dalam Pendidikan; Sejarah, Perkembangan dan Solusi
Authors: Sa'diyah Halimatus
Published: October 2021

Studies on the history of violence in education have not been widely discussed so far, especially in Indonesia, even though it is very important to study and find solutions so that violence does not occur again in education. The world of education is often associated with acts of violence considering the many cases of violence that have occurred so far, especially in Indonesia. Researchers try to study it to find a typology of violence in education and how to overcome the problem of violence that occurs in education. This paper is a type of library research through content analysis obtained from several references in the form of books and scientific articles. The result of this research is to formulate the concept of peace education (peace education) which can train students in reducing conflict in order to create peaceful conditions both intra-personally and interpersonally. Peace education - which is the substance of Islamic education - not only teaches students to think, but also stimulates students to think critically. This can be carried out using a holistic and participatory approach through the dialogue method so that learning is more meaningful.
Students with Disabilities at Two Higher Education Institutions Selected from South Africa: A Social Model of Disability
Authors: Masoga Mogomme Alpheus
Published: October 2021

Learners with disabilities are faced with unprecedented challenges in their pursuit of integration in the institutionalized higher education system in South Africa. The aim of this paper is to explore the recruitment and integration of students with disabilities (SWDs) at selected rural universities in South Africa in terms of facilities for physically challenged students. Personal conversations and informal discussions and desk and documentary research have collectively informed the present discourse. By utilizing a social model of disability, this study proposes that both institutions need to accelerate the provision of user-friendly facilities to accommodate various categories of SWDs either currently enrolled or those aspiring to study at the institutions. Considering the evaluations and observations explored in this opinion paper, the academic community of both institutions will need to pay attention to the special needs of SWDs because the absence of this attention will negatively impact the outcome of the academic life of learners.
Effectiveness of Educational Interventions to Improve Knowledge Related To Obesity among School Going Adolescents in Selected Schools of Eastern India
Authors: Kundu Arijit , Patnaik Lipilekha , Sahu Trilochan
Published: October 2021

Background: To address the overweight and obesity problems among children and adolescents, interventions in school is an important strategy.

Objective: To find out the changes in knowledge following educational interventions related to obesity among school going adolescents.

Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted among adolescent students of two private schools from June 2016 to August 2018. A total of 173 students were included, 86 from control school and 87 from intervention school. A pre-designed & pre-tested questionnaire was used for data collection which included ORK-10 (Obesity Risk Knowledge questionnaire). An integrated educational package was prepared and used for intervention school. After one year, data were collected to assess the changes in knowledge related to obesity.

Results: At baseline, mean score of ORK-10 of all students were 5.05 ± 1.60 (Intervention school= 4.93 ± 1.73, control school= 5.16 ± 1.46). Significance increase was observed in the total score in the students of intervention school (p=0.000) during follow up. A significant improvement was seen in knowledge regarding factors related to obesity among the students of intervention school.

Conclusion: Cost effective, simple school based intervention programs are needed as routine school activity to encourage the adolescents for reduction of obesity and related morbidities.
Influence of positions of the geotextile on
the load-settlement behaviour of circular
footing resting on single stone column by
2D Plaxis software
Authors: Yadav J.S. , Kumar K. , Dutta R.K. , Garg A.
Published: October 2021

Purpose: This study aims to study the load – settlement behaviour of circular footing rested
on encased single stone column.
Design/methodology/approach: The effect of vertical, horizontal and combined verticalhorizontal
encasement of stone column on the load carrying capacity were examined
numerically. The effect of stone column dimension (80 mm and 100 mm), length (400 mm
and 500 mm), and spacing of reinforcement on the load carrying capacity and reinforcement
ratio were assessed.
Findings: The obtained results revealed that the load carrying capacity of geotextile
encased stone columns are more than ordinary stone columns. For vertically encased stone
columns as the diameter increases, the advantage of encasement decreases. Whereas, for
horizontally encased stone column and combined vertical- horizontal encased stone column,
the performance of encasement intensifies as the diameter of stone column increases. The
improvement in the load carrying capacity of clay bed reinforced with combined verticalhorizontal
encased stone columns are higher than vertical encased stone columns or
horizontal encased stone column. The maximum performance of encasement was observed
for VHESC1 of D = 80 mm.
Research limitations/implications: For this study, the diameter of footing and stone
column was kept same. The interface strength factor between stone column and clay bed
was not considered.
Practical implications: The encased stone column could be use improve the laod
bearing capacity of weak soils.
Originality/value: Many studies are available in literature regarding use of geosynthetic as
vertical encasement and horizontal encasement of stone column. The study on combined
effect of vertical and horizontal encasement of stone column on load carrying capacity of
weak soil is very minimal. Keeping this in view, the present work was carried out.
Intelligent Decision Support System
Authors: Akin Adebowale Moruf
Published: October 2021

A phishing attack is one of the most common forms of cybercrime worldwide. In recent years, phishing attacks have continued to escalate in severity, frequency and impact. Globally, the attacks cause billions of dollars of losses each year. Cybercriminals use phishing for various illicit activities such as personal identity theft and fraud, and to perpetrate sophisticated corporate-level attacks against financial institutions, healthcare providers, government agencies and businesses. Several solutions using various methodologies have been proposed in the literature to counter web-phishing threats. This research work adopts a novel strategy to the detection and prevention of website phishing attacks, with a practical implementation through development towards a browser toolbar add-in. The IPDS is shown to be highly effective both in the detection of phishing attacks and in the identification of fake websites. Experimental results show that approach using the CNN + LSTM has a 93.28% accuracy with an average detection time of 25 seconds, whilst the approach has a slightly lower accuracy. These times are within typical times for loading a web page which makes toolbar integration into a browser a practical option for website phishing detection in real time. The results of this development are compared with previous work and demonstrate both better or similar detection performance. This is the first work that considers how best to integrate images, text and frames in a hybrid feature-based solution for a phishing detection scheme.