bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estado actual de Melongena melongena (Mollusca: Gastropoda) en la bahía de Cispatá, Caribe Colombiano
Authors: Niño-Miranda Daniela , Córdoba-Martínez Mario Alejandro , Arias-Reyes Luz Marina , Quirós-Rodríguez Jorge A.
Published: May 2020

Objetivo. Evaluar el estado actual de Melongena melongena en la Bahía de Cispatá, Caribe colombiano a través de los aspectos poblacionales de la especie. Materiales y métodos. Se establecieron tres sectores de muestreo, conforme con la zonificación de los manglares en la bahía. Para la recolección del material biológico se ubicó un transecto lineal de 4x20 m perpendicular al área del manglar con dos replicas a una distancia de 50 m. Para la determinación del sexo, se tomó una submuestra de 10 individuos con tallas superiores a la estimada para la madurez sexual de la especie. A las conchas se les midió la longitud total con el fin de diferenciar las tallas de hembras y machos. En cada sector se registró la temperatura del agua y salinidad in situ, empleando un medidor multiparámetro Extech EC170, y la trasparencia del agua se calculó mediante el disco Secchi. Resultados. Se registraron un total de 1.149 individuos de M. melongena. Se obtuvo la mayor abundancia en el sector Caño Salado (522), seguido de Las Cagás (458) y finalmente Amaya (169). El 63% de los individuos tuvieron un intervalo de talla entre 41-61 mm. La proporción sexual fue 1:1.2(H:M). Las tallas en hembras fueron de 55 a 92 mm y en machos entre 54-77 mm. Conclusiones. M. melongena en la Bahía de Cispatá está presentando signos evidentes de recuperación en la última década, si se tiene en cuenta que la mayoría de los individuos registrados han alcanzado la talla media de madurez sexual.
COVID-19-Related Web Search Behaviors and Infodemic Attitudes in Italy: Infodemiological Study
Authors: Rovetta Alessandro , Bhagavathula Akshaya Srikanth
Published: May 2020

Background

Since the beginning of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, fake news and misleading information have circulated worldwide, which can profoundly affect public health communication.

Objective

We investigated online search behavior related to the COVID-19 outbreak and the attitudes of “infodemic monikers” (ie, erroneous information that gives rise to interpretative mistakes, fake news, episodes of racism, etc) circulating in Italy.

Methods

By using Google Trends to explore the internet search activity related to COVID-19 from January to March 2020, article titles from the most read newspapers and government websites were mined to investigate the attitudes of infodemic monikers circulating across various regions and cities in Italy. Search volume values and average peak comparison (APC) values were used to analyze the results.

Results

Keywords such as “novel coronavirus,” “China coronavirus,” “COVID-19,” “2019-nCOV,” and “SARS-COV-2” were the top infodemic and scientific COVID-19 terms trending in Italy. The top five searches related to health were “face masks,” “amuchina” (disinfectant), “symptoms of the novel coronavirus,” “health bulletin,” and “vaccines for coronavirus.” The regions of Umbria and Basilicata recorded a high number of infodemic monikers (APC weighted total >140). Misinformation was widely circulated in the Campania region, and racism-related information was widespread in Umbria and Basilicata. These monikers were frequently searched (APC weighted total >100) in more than 10 major cities in Italy, including Rome.

Conclusions

We identified a growing regional and population-level interest in COVID-19 in Italy. The majority of searches were related to amuchina, face masks, health bulletins, and COVID-19 symptoms. Since a large number of infodemic monikers were observed across Italy, we recommend that health agencies use Google Trends to predict human behavior as well as to manage misinformation circulation in Italy.
The Korean Version of the Academic Cyberincivility Assessment Questionnaire for Nursing Students in South Korea: Validity and Reliability Study (Preprint)
Authors: Hong Minjoo , De Gagne Jennie C , Shin Hyewon , Kwon Suhye , Choi Gum-Hee
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Cybercivility, the practice of what to say and how to say it in online environments, encourages individuals to treat each other with respect. However, the anonymity of online communities may lead some individuals to behave in ways that violate social and cultural norms. These individuals treat others with a lack of regard and even bully others in faceless online confrontations. This practice of cyberincivility can be found across the internet, on commercial sites, and in schools offering online courses. Research on cybercivility and cyberincivility has increased in the United States, where instruments have been developed to measure the impact of cyberincivility in health profession education. However, there is no available instrument that measures nursing students’ online behaviors in South Korea.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a Korean version of the Academic Cyberincivility Assessment Questionnaire developed in the United States.

METHODS

Data were collected from 213 nursing students in three South Korean colleges. The Academic Cyberincivility Assessment Questionnaire developed by De Gagne and colleagues was adapted to measure students’ knowledge of cybercivility, and their experiences with and acceptability of cyberincivility. Content validity was tested using the content validity index (CVI). Criterion validity was tested using the digital citizenship scale. Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach alpha. The goodness-of-fit of construct validity was determined through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses.

RESULTS

The CVI was 0.8 or higher for all items. Kuder–Richardson Formula 20, measuring reliability of the knowledge scale, was 0.22 and Cronbach alpha, measuring reliability of the experience scale, was .96. The goodness-of-fit of the model was Chi square=5568.63 (P<.001), the comparative fit index (CFI) was 0.92, and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was 0.08, which satisfied the criteria. The reliability of the acceptability scale was .96, and the goodness-of-fit indices satisfied the criteria (minimum Chi square/df=2.34, Tucker-Lewis Index =0.92, incremental fit index=0.93, root mean square residual=0.05, CFI=0.93, and RMSEA=0.08).

CONCLUSIONS

This study extended and reevaluated the US version of cybercivility scales in a culturally distinct context. The three dimensions of cybercivility include knowledge, experience, and acceptability. Acceptability is well-validated as a dimension, whereas the knowledge dimension requires reexamination for application to Koreans. A revision of the instrument is needed that considers the cultural differences between South Korea and the United States. This paper calls for more attention to be paid to contextualized cybercivility scales among health professions in countries outside the United States.
Cost-Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Psychosis: Health-Economic Evaluation Within a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Pot-Kolder Roos , Veling Wim , Geraets Chris , Lokkerbol Joran , Smit Filip , Jongeneel Alyssa , Ising Helga , van der Gaag Mark
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Evidence was found for the effectiveness of virtual reality-based cognitive behavioral therapy (VR-CBT) for treating paranoia in psychosis, but health-economic evaluations are lacking.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to determine the short-term cost-effectiveness of VR-CBT.

METHODS

The health-economic evaluation was embedded in a randomized controlled trial evaluating VR-CBT in 116 patients with a psychotic disorder suffering from paranoid ideation. The control group (n=58) received treatment as usual (TAU) for psychotic disorders in accordance with the clinical guidelines. The experimental group (n=58) received TAU complemented with add-on VR-CBT to reduce paranoid ideation and social avoidance. Data were collected at baseline and at 3 and 6 months postbaseline. Treatment response was defined as a pre-post improvement of symptoms of at least 20% in social participation measures. Change in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) was estimated by using Sanderson et al’s conversion factor to map a change in the standardized mean difference of Green’s Paranoid Thoughts Scale score on a corresponding change in utility. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated using 5000 bootstraps of seemingly unrelated regression equations of costs and effects. The cost-effectiveness acceptability curves were graphed for the costs per treatment responder gained and per QALY gained.

RESULTS

The average mean incremental costs for a treatment responder on social participation ranged between €8079 and €19,525, with 90.74%-99.74% showing improvement. The average incremental cost per QALY was €48,868 over the 6 months of follow-up, with 99.98% showing improved QALYs. Sensitivity analyses show costs to be lower when relevant baseline differences were included in the analysis. Average costs per treatment responder now ranged between €6800 and €16,597, while the average cost per QALY gained was €42,030.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrates that offering VR-CBT to patients with paranoid delusions is an economically viable approach toward improving patients’ health in a cost-effective manner. Long-term effects need further research.

CLINICALTRIAL

International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) 12929657; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN12929657
The Impact of Video-Mediated Communication on Closed Wound Assessments in Postoperative Consultations: Conversation Analytical Study (Preprint)
Authors: Stommel Wyke J P , van Goor Harry , Stommel Martijn W J
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Research on the use of video-mediated technology for medical consultations is increasing rapidly. Most research in this area is based on questionnaires and focuses on long-term conditions. The few studies that have focused on physical examinations in video consultations indicated that it poses challenges for the participants. The specific activity of wound assessment through video in postsurgery consultations has not yet been studied. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of face-to-face and video settings on the moment-to-moment organization of such an activity is original.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to examine the impact of video technology on the procedure of postsurgery wound assessment and its limits.

METHODS

We recorded 22 postoperative video consultations and 17 postoperative face-to-face consultations. The primary purpose of the consultation was to inform the patient about the final pathology results of the resected specimen, and the secondary purpose was to check on the patient’s recovery, including an assessment of the closed wound. The recordings were transcribed in detail and analyzed using methods of conversation analysis.

RESULTS

The way that an assessment of the wound is established in video consultations differs from the procedure in face-to-face consultations. In the consultation room, wound assessments overwhelmingly (n=15/17) involve wound showings in the context of surgeons reporting their observations formatted with evidentials (“looks neat”) and subsequently assessing what these observations imply or what could be concluded from them. In contrast, wound assessments in video consultations do not tend to involve showing the wound (n=3/22) and, given the technological restrictions, do not involve palpation. Rather, the surgeon invites the patient to assess the wound, which opens up a sequence of patient and physician assessments where diagnostic criteria such as redness or swollenness are made explicit. In contrast to observations in regular consultations, these assessments are characterized by epistemic markers of uncertainty (“I think,” “sounds...good”) and evidentials are absent. Even in cases of a potential wound problem, the surgeon may rely on questioning the patient rather than requesting a showing.

CONCLUSIONS

The impact of video technology on postoperative consultations is that a conclusive wound assessment is arrived at in a different way when compared to face-to-face consultations. In video consultations, physicians enquire and patients provide their own observations, which serve as the basis for the assessment. This means that, in video consultations, patients have a fundamentally different role. These talking-based assessments are effective unless, in cases of a potential problem, patient answers seem insufficient and a showing might be beneficial.
Transdiagnostic Risk and Protective Factors for Psychopathology in Young People: Systematic Review Protocol (Preprint)
Authors: Lynch Samantha Jane , Sunderland Matthew , Newton Nicola Claire , Chapman Cath
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Mental and substance use disorders are among the leading causes of burden of disease worldwide, with risk of onset peaking between the ages of 13 and 24 years. Comorbidity is also common among young people and complicates research, diagnosis and assessment, and clinical decision making. There is increasing support for empirically derived models of psychopathology that overcome issues of comorbidity and provide a transdiagnostic framework for investigating the specificity and generality of risk and protective factors for psychopathology.

OBJECTIVE

This systematic review aims to identify transdiagnostic risk and protective factors for psychopathology in young people by synthesizing and evaluating findings from research investigating empirically based models of psychopathology.

METHODS

Searches will be conducted in Medline, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases. Reference lists of selected articles will also be hand searched for other relevant publications. All studies will be screened against eligibility criteria designed to identify studies that examined empirical models of psychopathology in relation to risk and/or protective factors in young people with a mean age between 10 and 24 years. Study quality will be assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists for Cohort Studies and Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies. Findings will be summarized in a narrative synthesis, and a meta-analysis will be conducted if sufficient data are available.

RESULTS

This review is ongoing. At the time of submission, full-text screening was completed, and hand searching of selected articles was underway. Results are expected to be completed by the end of 2020.

CONCLUSIONS

This protocol is for a systematic review of evidence for transdiagnostic risk and protective factors associated with empirically based models of psychopathology in young people. To our knowledge, the critical synthesis of this evidence will be the first to date and will provide a better understanding of the factors that contribute to the onset and maintenance of psychopathology in young people. Insights drawn from the review will provide critical new knowledge to improve the targeting of interventions to prevent or reduce mental health problems.

CLINICALTRIAL

This systematic review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020161368) and is available via Open Science Framework.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/19779
Utilization of Nursing Education Progressive Web Application (NEPWA) Media in an Education and Health Promotion Course Using Gagne’s Model of Instructional Design on Nursing Students: Quantitative Research and Development Study (Preprint)
Authors: Yuliawan Deny , Widyandana Doni , Nur Hidayah Rachmadya
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Previous studies have proven that web-based learning media that offer interesting features with the learning management system concept could support the learning processes of nursing students. Nonetheless, it is still necessary to conduct further research on its potential as an information media that supports learning using 1 of the mobile learning methods.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to develop and use the Nursing Education Progressive Web Application (NEPWA) media in an education and health promotion course for nursing students.

METHODS

This is a research and development study aimed at developing the NEPWA media using the Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate approach and a quantitative research with descriptive and pre-experimental 1-group pretest-posttest design conducted in the Study Program of Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. A total of 39 nursing students in their second year of undergraduate studies participated in this study. A pretest-posttest design was used to measure any changes in the dependent variable, whereas a posttest design was used to measure any changes in the independent variables.

RESULTS

After using the NEPWA media, there was a significant increase in the student knowledge variable (N=39; knowledge: P<.001; 95% CI 23.88-33.14). In terms of student satisfaction with the learning process using Gagne’s model of instructional design, most of the students were satisfied, with a mean score of ≥3. In addition, the results of the measurement using the System Usability Scale on the NEPWA media showed that NEPWA has good usability and it is acceptable by users, with a mean score of 72.24 (SD 8.54).

CONCLUSIONS

The NEPWA media can be accepted by users and has good usability, and this media is designed to enhance student knowledge.
A COVID-19 Risk Assessment Decision Support System for General Practitioners: Design and Development Study (Preprint)
Authors: Liu Ying , Wang Zhixiao , Ren Jingjing , Tian Yu , Zhou Min , Zhou Tianshu , Ye Kangli , Zhao Yinghao , Qiu Yunqing , Li Jingsong
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become an urgent and serious global public health crisis. Community engagement is the first line of defense in the fight against infectious diseases, and general practitioners (GPs) play an important role in it. GPs are facing unique challenges from disasters and pandemics in delivering health care. However, there is still no suitable mobile management system that can help GPs collect data, dynamically assess risks, and effectively triage or follow-up with patients with COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to design, develop, and deploy a mobile-based decision support system for COVID-19 (DDC19) to assist GPs in collecting data, assessing risk, triaging, managing, and following up with patients during the COVID-19 outbreak.

METHODS

Based on the actual scenarios and the process of patients using health care, we analyzed the key issues that need to be solved and designed the main business flowchart of DDC19. We then constructed a COVID-19 dynamic risk stratification model with high recall and clinical interpretability, which was based on a multiclass logistic regression algorithm. Finally, through a 10-fold cross-validation to quantitatively evaluate the risk stratification ability of the model, a total of 2243 clinical data consisting of 36 dimension clinical features from fever clinics were used for training and evaluation of the model.

RESULTS

DDC19 is composed of three parts: mobile terminal apps for the patient-end and GP-end, and the database system. All mobile terminal devices were wirelessly connected to the back end data center to implement request sending and data transmission. We used low risk, moderate risk, and high risk as labels, and adopted a 10-fold cross-validation method to evaluate and test the COVID-19 dynamic risk stratification model in different scenarios (different dimensions of personal clinical data accessible at an earlier stage). The data set dimensions were (2243, 15) when only using the data of patients’ demographic information, clinical symptoms, and contact history; (2243, 35) when the results of blood tests were added; and (2243, 36) after obtaining the computed tomography imaging results of the patient. The average value of the three classification results of the macro–area under the curve were all above 0.71 in each scenario.

CONCLUSIONS

DCC19 is a mobile decision support system designed and developed to assist GPs in providing dynamic risk assessments for patients with suspected COVID-19 during the outbreak, and the model had a good ability to predict risk levels in any scenario it covered.
Willingness to Share Wearable Device Data for Research Among Mechanical Turk Workers: Web-Based Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Taylor Casey Overby , Flaks-Manov Natalie , Ramesh Shankar , Choe Eun Kyoung
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Wearable devices that are used for observational research and clinical trials hold promise for collecting data from study participants in a convenient, scalable way that is more likely to reach a broad and diverse population than traditional research approaches. Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) is a potential resource that researchers can use to recruit individuals into studies that use data from wearable devices.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore the characteristics of wearable device users on MTurk that are associated with a willingness to share wearable device data for research. We also aimed to determine whether compensation was a factor that influenced the willingness to share such data.

METHODS

This was a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey study of MTurk workers who use wearable devices for health monitoring. A 19-question web-based survey was administered from March 1 to April 5, 2018, to participants aged ≥18 years by using the MTurk platform. In order to identify characteristics that were associated with a willingness to share wearable device data, we performed logistic regression and decision tree analyses.

RESULTS

 A total of 935 MTurk workers who use wearable devices completed the survey. The majority of respondents indicated a willingness to share their wearable device data (615/935, 65.8%), and the majority of these respondents were willing to share their data if they received compensation (518/615, 84.2%). The findings from our logistic regression analyses indicated that Indian nationality (odds ratio [OR] 2.74, 95% CI 1.48-4.01, P=.007), higher annual income (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.26-3.67, P=.02), over 6 months of using a wearable device (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.21-2.29, P=.006), and the use of heartbeat and pulse tracking monitoring devices (OR 1.60, 95% CI 0.14-2.07, P=.01) are significant parameters that influence the willingness to share data. The only factor associated with a willingness to share data if compensation is provided was Indian nationality (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.24-0.9, P=.02). The findings from our decision tree analyses indicated that the three leading parameters associated with a willingness to share data were the duration of wearable device use, nationality, and income.

CONCLUSIONS

Most wearable device users indicated a willingness to share their data for research use (with or without compensation; 615/935, 65.8%). The probability of having a willingness to share these data was higher among individuals who had used a wearable for more than 6 months, were of Indian nationality, or were of American (United States of America) nationality and had an annual income of more than US $20,000. Individuals of Indian nationality who were willing to share their data expected compensation significantly less often than individuals of American nationality (P=.02).
Epidemiological Observations on the Association Between Anosmia and COVID-19 Infection: Analysis of Data From a Self-Assessment Web Application (Preprint)
Authors: Denis Fabrice , Galmiche Simon , Dinh Aurélien , Fontanet Arnaud , Scherpereel Arnaud , Benezit Francois , Lescure François-Xavier
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

We developed a self-assessment and participatory surveillance web application for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which was launched in France in March 2020.

OBJECTIVE

Our objective was to determine if self-reported symptoms could help monitor the dynamics of the COVID-19 outbreak in France.

METHODS

Users were asked questions about underlying conditions, sociodemographic status, zip code, and COVID-19 symptoms. Depending on the symptoms reported and the presence of coexisting disorders, users were told to either stay at home, contact a general practitioner (GP), or call an emergency phone number. Data regarding COVID-19–related hospitalizations were retrieved from the Ministry of Health.

RESULTS

As of March 29, 2020, the application was opened 4,126,789 times; 3,799,535 electronic questionnaires were filled out; and 2,477,174 users had at least one symptom. In total, 34.8% (n=1,322,361) reported no symptoms. The remaining users were directed to self-monitoring (n=858,878, 22.6%), GP visit or teleconsultation (n=1,033,922, 27.2%), or an emergency phone call (n=584,374, 15.4%). Emergency warning signs were reported by 39.1% of participants with anosmia, a loss of the sense of smell (n=127,586) versus 22.7% of participants without anosmia (n=1,597,289). Anosmia and fever and/or cough were correlated with hospitalizations for COVID-19 (Spearman correlation coefficients=0.87 and 0.82, respectively; P<.001 for both).

CONCLUSIONS

This study suggests that anosmia may be strongly associated with COVID-19 and its severity. Despite a lack of medical assessment and virological confirmation, self-checking application data could be a relevant tool to monitor outbreak trends.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04331171; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04331171
Origen y evolución del mimbre de Chimbarongo (1762 – 2017)
Authors: Castro San Carlos Amalia Andrea , Lacoste Pablo , Mujica Fernando
Published: May 2020

We explained the emergence of the typical product Wicker from Chimbarongo, its origin and development. For this, three key moments of its historical evolution are analyzed (1762, 1914 and 1975). Thanks to their adaptative capacity, they ensured the survival of a prehispanic tradition with 400 producers located in that city. For the analysis, unpublished archival documents (18th and 19th centuries), periodicals of the O'Higgins Region, together with the Bulletin of the National Society of Agriculture, the Bulletin of the Society of Industrial Development and Censuses of the Republic between 1813 and 1920 are used as sources, together with the illustrated weeklies Caras y Caretas of Buenos Aires (Argentina, between 1898 and 1941), Zigzag de Santiago (Chile, 1905-1964) and Sucesos of Valparaíso (Chile, 1902-1934).
Indios originarios y forasteros
Authors: Choque Mariño Carlos Omar
Published: May 2020

This article will analyse the socio-cultural interactions and demographic changes of the indigenous populations of the Altos de Arica and Tacna. It seeks to examine the vegetative composition, cultural affiliations and tax burdens of native Indians and outsiders of the territory of study. The result of such inquiries reveals the prevalence of local populations and outsiders naturalized as originating in Oasis and inter-Andean valleys, a situation that is noted in revisits and rates, which come to express the existence of the outsider as an "other". Likewise, the late reconstitutions of the Altiplano influence in the colonial epoch in the eighteenth century chiefdoms are identified.
Coyo Oriente. Referente del Período Medio en San Pedro de Atacama
Authors: Llagostera Martínez Agustín , Costa-Junqueira María Antonietta
Published: May 2020

The archaeological cemetery of Coyo Oriente was used by Tarragó (1968, 1989) as prototype to define San Pedro de Atacama’s Middle Period; nevertheless, thus far only partial analyses have been published and no detailed and thorough review of the site exists. For this reason, we considered important to conduct a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of these contexts and provide documented information about a site that is considered a fundamental reference in structuring the chronological sequence of the agroalfarero period of San Pedro de Atacama.
Coyo Oriente has the second most Tiwanaku objects in San Pedro de Atacama, and also includes an important presence of Aguada material culture (NW Argentina). Here, we also discuss the issue of ethnicity and foreignness. Status indicators and their behavior over time are analyzed. The analysis of the surveyed information, supplemented with existing information enable us to define the Ergologic Profile of this site, describing its contextual components and relating them to their corresponding Index of Representativeness, projected for this site and as benchmarks for the Coyo and Yaye phases.
Las ideas de la complejidad en la obra de Leonardo da Vinci
Authors: Mansilla Corona Ricardo Lino
Published: May 2020

Uno de los más notables integrantes de nuestra civilización a lo largo de toda su historia es sin duda Leonardo da Vinci. Fue pintor, ingeniero, músico, científico, escultor y organizador de soberbios festejos entre otras muchas vocaciones. Después de su muerte, ocurrida en 1519, su obra languideció en la oscuridad hasta finales del siglo XVIII. Solo entonces, en plena Ilustración, su reputación como científico e ingeniero se igualó a su extraordinario prestigio como pintor, mostrando de paso su acentuado fundamento interdisciplinario. Para lograr el profundo realismo que observamos en sus obras artísticas, Leonardo emprendió cuidadosos estudios geológicos, biológicos y anatómicos. Para documentar estos estudios científicos se valió en sus códices de hermosos dibujos de elevada calidad artística. Es este el círculo virtuoso del trabajo interdisciplinario de Leonardo: ciencia para elevar la calidad de la obra artística, arte para documentar el trabajo científico.
Si bien concebimos las ideas de la complejidad como un vástago de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, impulsadas en su desarrollo por el rotundo progreso de las computadoras digitales, que al decir de H. Pagels son el instrumento fundacional de la teoría homónima, se pueden observar atisbos de las ideas esenciales de este cuerpo doctrinario en pensadores asentados en siglos previos. Tal es el caso de Leonardo. Este trabajo intenta mostrar cómo en los códices leonardianos se vislumbran las ideas cardinales de la teoría de los sistemas complejos.
“Paradoja de la doble amenaza”: una aproximación teórica al apoyo de las políticas antiterroristas
Authors: Serrano Sanz Adrián
Published: May 2020

A raíz de los ataques en París ocurridos en 2015, se ha reactivado en Europa el debate sobre la relación entre la seguridad y la libertad. Sin embargo, es necesario abordar dicho debate cuestionando la aceptación, por parte de la ciudadanía, de la restricción de sus libertades ensituaciones de excepcionalidad política. En este artículo se desarrolla una aproximación teórica a la aprobación de las restricciones a través de la “paradoja de la doble amenaza”, describiendo dicho proceso de aceptación mediante la integración en un modelo unitario del efecto rally ‘round the flag, la teoría de la reactancia psicológica y la reorganización de las disposiciones motivacionales individuales que generarían dicha aceptación, facilitando el surgimiento y mantenimiento de sistemas políticos basados en la seguridad.
Funcionarios públicos y evaluación ambiental en Chile: tensiones en la construcción de una gobernanza ambiental democrática
Authors: Aedo Zúñiga María Paz , Parker Gumucio Cristian
Published: May 2020

La construcción de una gobernanza ambiental, en términos del diseño e implementación de una institucionalidad ad hoc, ha estado atravesada por la tensión entre una perspectiva orientada al resguardo de las inversiones y el crecimiento económico, versus los objetivos del desarrollo sustentable suscritos por los Estados nacionales. En Chile, esta tensión se expresa en el debate público como un conflicto entre los fundamentos técnicos y políticos a la base de la toma de decisiones y del diseño de normativas, especialmente en el ámbito de la evaluación de impactos ambientales. Sin embargo, al observar en profundidad esta controversia, es posible advertir que los usos de los conceptos técnico y político están lejos de ser unívocos. La multiplicidad epistemológica de estas definiciones resulta particularmente interesante en el relato de la élite burocrática de la institucionalidad, particularmente, funcionarios y funcionarias que participan activamente de la dirigencia sindical en el Servicio de Evaluación Ambiental (SEA) y la Federación Nacional de Trabajadores del Medio Ambiente (FENATRAMA). La dirigencia ha realizado acciones de interpelación a la autoridad política a partir de una defensa de la democracia y de lo técnico como expresión de “lo público”, incluso en directa confrontación con las autoridades gubernamentales. Esta investigación indaga las premisas que sostienen las acciones de incidencia política que han venido desarrollando las asociaciones de funcionarios ambientales en Chile, considerando que su posicionamiento devela la heterogeneidad de actores que constituyen el aparato público y la complejidad del debate sobre gobernanza ambiental.
El enfoque de la movilización legal en el estudio de los movimientos sociales
Authors: Tavera Fenollosa Ligia
Published: May 2020

El propósito de este texto ha sido proporcionar al lector una cartografía teórica mínima sobre el enfoque de la movilización legal en el estudio de los movimientos sociales, que contribuya a una mejor y más fructífera navegación a través de los estudios de caso presentados en este dossier.
Family Medicine Clerkship Directors’ Handling of Student Mistreatment: Results From a CERA Survey
Authors: Huang William Y. , Purkiss Joel , Eden Aimee , Appelbaum Nital
Published: May 2020

Background and Objectives: Little is known about how family medicine clerkship directors (FMCDs) handle reports of student mistreatment. We investigated FMCDs’ involvement in handling and resolving these reports.
Methods: We collected data as part of the 2019 CERA survey of FMCDs. FMCDs provided responses on how they handled student mistreatment reports and their comfort level in resolving these reports.
Results: Ninety-nine out of 142 FMCDs (69.7%) responded to the survey. Regarding mistreatment reports, 24.2% of FMCDs had received at least one report of student mistreatment about full-time faculty in the past 3 years, compared to 64.6% of FMCDs receiving at least one report about community preceptors (P<.001). Regarding who determined the response to the mistreatment, 13.1% of FMCDs were the highest level of leadership responsible for stopping use of a full-time faculty member for mistreatment concerns, while 42.4% of FMCDs were the highest level of leadership responsible for stopping use of a community preceptor. Regarding their comfort level in resolving mistreatment reports, 59.1% of FMCDs were either somewhat or very comfortable resolving a mistreatment report about a community preceptor, while only 48.9% reported those comfort levels for full-time faculty. FMCDs who had previously stopped using full-time faculty and/or community preceptors due to mistreatment reports were less likely to feel comfortable with resolving reports about full-time faculty compared to those who had no such experience (P=.03).
Conclusions: FMCDs more frequently receive mistreatment reports about community preceptors than full-time faculty and are more likely to be the highest decision maker to stop using a community preceptor for mistreatment concerns. Further study is needed to elucidate factors that affect FMCDs’ comfort in handling student mistreatment reports.
Feedback Quality in an Aligned Teacher-Training Program
Authors: Bockrath Robyn , Wright Katherine , Uchida Toshiko , Petrie Clare , Ryan Elizabeth R.
Published: May 2020

Background and Objectives: Residents as teachers (RAT) and medical students as teachers (MSAT) programs are important for the development of future physicians. In 2010, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (NUFSM) aligned RAT and MSAT programs, which created experiential learning opportunities in teaching and feedback across the graduate and undergraduate medical education continuum. The purpose of this study was to provide a curricular overview of the aligned program and to evaluate early outcomes through analysis of narrative feedback quality and participant satisfaction.
Methods: Program evaluation occurred through analysis of written feedback quality provided within the aligned program and postparticipation satisfaction surveys. A total of 445 resident feedback narratives were collected from 2013 to 2016. We developed a quality coding scheme using an operational definition of feedback. After independent coding of feedback quality, an expert panel established coding consensus. We evaluated program satisfaction and perceived importance through posttraining surveys in residents and fourth-year medical students (M4s).
Results: Seventy-nine residents participated in the aligned program and provided high-quality feedback with a relative quality rating of 2.71 (scale 0-3). Consistently high-quality written feedback was provided over the duration of the program and regardless of years of resident participation. Posttraining surveys demonstrated high levels of satisfaction and perceived importance of the program to both residents and M4s.
Conclusions: The aligned RAT and MSAT program across the medical education continuum provided experiential learning opportunities for future physician educators with evidence of high-quality written feedback to learners and program satisfaction.
Preparasi dan Karakterisasi Mikroenkapsulasi Asam Mefenamat Menggunakan Polimer Kitosan dan Natrium Alginat dengan Metode Gelasi Ionik
Authors: Mardikasari Sandra Aulia
Published: May 2020

Mefenamic acid belongs to a class of the Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs that work as an analgesic. But mefenamic acid can cause gastrointestinal disorders, has unpleasant odors and tastes and sensitive to the influence of light and temperature. Microencapsulation technology is a technique where the active substance is coated by a thin layer so that the active substance is protected from environmental influences. The aim of this research was to formulate and characterize mefenamic acid in the form of microencapsulation using ionic gelation methods. Preparation was done by comparing 3 variations of concentrations of sodium alginate polymers. Success parameters include the entrapment efficiency, particle shape, particle size distribution, and dissolution test. The results showed that the entrapment efficiency  respectively 98,69%,  96,38%  and 93,98%, with spherical shape, and particle size that fulfilled the microencapsulation size range of 1,268 μm, 1,343 μm and 1.386 μm and the release of the active ingredients in an acidic medium of pH 1.2 was 8.811 mg/L, 6.751 mg/L and 5.965 mg/L, also on a base medium of pH 7.4  was 79.908 mg/L, 63.394 mg/L and 40,312 mg/L. So that microencapsulation of mefenamic acid can be prepared with polymer chitosan and sodium alginate using the ionic gelation method.
Dissimilar laser cladding of Inconel 718 powder on A-286 substrate: Microstructural evolution
Authors: Alizadeh-Sh M. , Marashi S. P. H. , Ranjbarnodeh E. , Shoja-Razavi R. , Oliveira J. P.
Published: May 2020

In this work, laser cladding of a Ni-based superalloy powder (Inconel 718) on a Fe-based superalloy (A-286) substrate was performed. The microstructural evolution was studied by optical and electron microscopy techniques, aided by energy dispersive spectroscopy. Additionally, the microhardness along the as-deposited parts was analyzed and correlated with the observed microstructure. It was found that other than austenitic dendrites, Nb-rich carbides, interdendritic Laves networks, and Ti (C, N) were formed; the latter was aided by the presence of pre-existing TiC particles in the substrate. Additionally, a slag oxide layer was seen on the clad surface of the fusion zone. The formation mechanisms of an unmixed zone in the shape of beach and peninsula are discussed.
ASEAN Class Program di MTs. Muhammadiyah 1 Malang
Authors: Rijal Najamuddin Khairur , Prasodjo Haryo , Prinanda Devita
Published: May 2020

This program is aimed to providing knowledge to students of MTs. Muhammadiyah 1 Malang about ASEAN and ASEAN Community. This is based on the lack of information for students about ASEAN because of the limitations of learning materials and information about ASEAN is only as a sub-subject. In addition, the school sees the importance of international insight to realize the vision of Elegant Morally, Excellent Intelectually. Therefore, through the ASEAN Class Program, there are activities such as the introduction of ASEAN and ASEAN community, sharing culture with Thai students, and sharing experiences and motivation with students who have international experience. The methods of activities include lectures, sharing, and discussion as well as pre-test and post-test. The result shows that there is an increased knowledge and understanding of participants about ASEAN and ASEAN Community and misinformation about ASEAN member countries and the ASEAN Community pillar can be corrected.
PERBANDINGAN EKUITAS MEREK PRODUK NATASHA SKINCARE DENGAN ERHA SKINCARE
Authors: Hasanah Erina Mauidhatul , Santoso Budi , Hermawan Haris
Published: May 2020

Tujuan yang hendak dicapai dalam penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan antara Ekuitas merek  Natasha Skincare dengan Erha Skincare pada konsumen pengguna Natasha Skincare dengan Erha Skincare di Jember. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengukur ekuitas merek menggunakan 4 dimensi yaitu, Kesadaran Merek, Asosiasi Merek, Persepsi Kualitas, dan Loyalitas Merek. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 80 Responden. Pengumpulan data menggunakan penyebaran kuisioner. Metode analisis deskriptif kuantitatif, Uji beda T-test. Hasil dari penelitian dari empat variabel ekuitas merek terdapat perbedaan.
Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Pt Pln (Persero) Unit Induk Distribusi Jawa Tengah Dan D.I Yogyakarta Unit Pelaksana Pelayanan Pelanggan Salatiga
Authors: Dea Gita , Sundari Ocky , Dongoran Johnson
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh disiplin kerja dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan. Objek yang diteliti adalah karyawan perusahaan PT PLN (PERSERO) Unit Induk Distribusi Jawa Tengah Dan D.I Yogyakarta Unit Pelaksana Pelayanan Pelanggan Salatiga. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode puposive sampling, yaitu responden yang sudah bekerja lebih dari satu tahun. Penelitian menggunakan data primer dengan instrumen kuesioner. Pengujian dilakukan dengan analisis regresi linier berganda untuk menguji pengaruh variabel disiplin kerja dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa disiplin kerja berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan, lingkungan kerja berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan tetapi tidak signifikan, serta disiplin kerja dan lingkungan kerja secara berasama-sama berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan.
LITERASI KEUANGAN PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR DI KOTA DEPOK, PROVINSI JAWA BARAT, INDONESIA
Authors: Hikmah Yulial
Published: May 2020

Menurut Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Indonesia, Pendidikan literasi keuangan sangat diperlukan untuk mendidik manusia sadar dan paham tentang bagaimana cara mengelola keuangan secara bijak. Pendidikan literasi keuangan harus diberikan sedini mungkin kepada anak terutama pada anak usia pra sekolah dan sekolah dasar. Studi dari University of Cambridge mengungkapkan bahwa anak-anak mulai membentuk kebiasaan finansial sejak usia 7 tahun. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini melaksanakan serangkaian kegiatan literasi keuangan untuk siswa sekolah dasar, yaitu menonton video edukasi animasi, simulasi permainana monopoli ramah anak, simulasi menabung dan membuat anggaran, serta wisata edukasi ke Museum Bank Indonesia. Kegiatan literasi diharapkan mampu meningkatkan kecerdasan finansial anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji beda rata-rata statistik untuk menemukan apakah rangkaian kegiatan literasi finansial meningkatkan kecerdasan finansial atau tidak. Sebelum melakukan uji beda mean, dilakukan uji kenormalan data. Jika data tidak normal maka digunakan uji beda mean Wilcoxon. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan literasi keuangan dapat meningkatkan kecerdasan siswa sekolah dasar.Kata kunci: Kecerdasan Finansial; Permaninan Monopoli Ramah Anak; Uji Beda Mean Wilcoxon.AbstractBased on Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, financial literacy education is needed to educate people to be aware and understand how to manage finances wisely. Financial literacy education must be given as early as possible to the children, especially in pre-school and elementary school. A study from the University of Cambridge results that the children begin to form the financial habits from the age of 7 years old. Therefore, this study conducted a series of financial literacy activities to elementary school students, namely watching animated education videos, simulating child-friendly monopoly game, saving simulations and making budgets, and educational tours to the Bank Indonesia Museum. Literacy activities are expected to increase children's financial intelligence. This study uses a statistical mean difference test to find out whether a series of financial literacy activities increase financial intelligence or not. Before conducting the mean difference test, a normality test is performed. If the data don’t spread normally then used the Wilcoxon mean different test. The test results show that financial literacy activities can improve the financial intelligence of elementary school students.Keywords: Financial Literacy; Child-Friendly Monopoly Game; Wilcoxon Mean Difference Test.
Um olhar sobre as questões étnicas-raciais nas enunciações sobre a história da Matemática apresentadas pelos livros didáticos de Matemática do Ensino Médio aprovados pelo PNLD 2018
Authors: Manoel Alan , Coradetti Camila
Published: May 2020

O presente texto é constituído de estudos realizados no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Matemática da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (PPGEdumat/UFMS) e se inscreve na linha de pesquisa “Currículo e Educação Matemática”.  O objetivo deste artigo é descrever e analisar discursos mobilizados na abordagem feita, acerca da História dos Conjuntos, contidas nos livros didáticos do Ensino Médio, aprovados no PLND 2018. Para alcançar esse objetivo foram utilizadas as contribuições teóricas da análise do discurso na perspectiva foucaultiana e as contribuições de cultura, identidade e representação de Stuart Hall. Nas análises foram observados um currículo de Matemática, enquanto campo político, que, ao apresentar determinadas representações sobre a história da Matemática, provoca o apagamento de questões étnicos-raciais, principalmente aquelas relacionadas à cultura popular negra, por meio de uma hegemonização da cultura ocidental, a partir de seus feitos históricos, em contexto científicos e áreas afins.

Palavras-chave: Educação Matemática. Currículo. Análise do discurso. Cultura. Representação.
TOP TEN MOST PROBLEMATIC GRAMMATICAL ITEMS FOR INDONESIAN TERTIARY EFL LEARNER WRITERS
Authors: Yusnitasari Rizqi , Suwartono Tono
Published: May 2020

Errors are almost inseparable from learning process, including learning new languages. Though, it is not always considered as negative, instead, it is a part of learning process. This study was conducted to assess studentsâ€™ mastery of grammar in writing, to find what grammatical errors they make, to be an evaluation to overcome the problem in the future. In this study, samples were taken from EFL students of English Education Department of Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto. The grammatical errors were identified under the theory of Politzer-Ramirez which classify errors into two types: morphological and syntactic error. In the end of the study, ten types of grammatical errors were identified as the most common grammatical errors made by the students. Three of them belong to morphological error, while the remaining fall into syntactic error. Those ten errors are: The use of prepositions (75 %), redundancy (75 %), simple past tense incorrect (62.5 %), determiners (58.3 %), number confusion (45.8 %), omission of verb (45.8 %), verb construction (41.67 %), derivatives/wrong part of speech (41.67 %), nominalization (33.3 %), and errors in the use of pronoun (29.2 %). Keywords: Problematic, Grammatical Items, Tertiary, EFL, Learner Writers