bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laboratory evaluation of the potential masking of color changes produced by silver diamine fluoride in primary molars
Authors: Hamdy Dina , Giraki Maria , Abd Elaziz Amr , Badran Amira , Allam Gehan , Ruettermann Stefan
Published: July 2021

Background

The importance of Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) as a minimally invasive and nonaerosolizing management during COVID-19 pandemic has highly increased. SDF is a caries-arresting agent that causes staining of tooth structure. Managing this discoloration will increase its acceptance in treating primary teeth. The main aim of this study was to quantify the color change associated with the application of SDF on extracted carious primary molars, the potential masking of this color change by potassium iodide (KI), composite (CMP) and glass ionomer cement (GI) and the effect of aging on this color masking effect.

Methods

An in-vitro study in which 52 carious primary molars were collected, prepared, and distributed randomly into four groups equally as follows: Group A: SDF 38%; Group B: SDF 38% + KI; Group C: SDF 38% + CMP; Group D: SDF 38% + GI. Color changes were recorded for each sample at baseline, and after application of the tested materials. Moreover, all samples had undergone Suntest aging followed by a third color reading. CIELAB values L*, a*, b*, ΔL, Δa, and Δb were measured, ΔE was calculated, and data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and post-Hoc Scheffé test (p < 0.05).

Results

MANOVA revealed the significant influence of the factor ‘material’. SDF caused an obvious color change compared to the color of carious dentin. Regarding ΔL, the color change of groups C and D was not significant directly after application of the tested materials. After aging, it was significant among all groups, including groups C and D. In Δa there was a difference between SDF and groups B and C after application of the tested materials, and aging produced the same results. The color shifts of Δb of all tested groups varied significantly from one another. After aging, there was no difference between group D and either group A or B.

Conclusions

Treatment with SDF caused obvious discoloration of carious dentin. Directly after SDF application, all tested materials could effectively mask the color change associated with the application of SDF. CMP was the only material whose color masking effect was not completely reversed by aging.
The effect of fascia iliaca block on postoperative pain and analgesic consumption for patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Dai Wenli , Leng Xi , Hu Xiaoqing , Cheng Jin , Ao Yingfang
Published: July 2021

Background

The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare postoperative pain, analgesic consumption, and complications after fascia iliaca block (FIB) versus control for patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). Second, we compared the outcomes of FIB versus placebo. Finally, we sought to evaluate pain and analgesic consumption after preoperative and postoperative FIB.

Methods

We performed a systematic literature search in MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.gov, and CENTRAL through February 2021 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the efficacy of FIB versus control for patients undergoing primary THA. All analyses were conducted on intent-to-treat data with a random-effects model.

Results

Twelve RCTs with a total of 815 patients were included. There was no difference in postoperative pain (P = 0.64), analgesic consumption (P = 0.14), or complication rate (P = 0.99) between FIB and control groups. Moreover, no difference in postoperative pain (P = 0.26), analgesic consumption (P = 0.06), or complication rate (P = 0.71) was found between FIB and placebo. Moreover, sensitivity analysis suggested that no significant difference in postoperative pain, analgesic consumption, or complication rate was present between FIB and control in studies that used preoperative and postoperative FIB.

Conclusion

FIB was not found to be superior to placebo or various anesthetic techniques for patients undergoing primary THA, as measured by postoperative pain, analgesic consumption, and complications.
Mechanistic insights into the inhibitory effect of theaflavins on virulence factors production in Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Kong Junhao , Xia Kai , Su Xiaoqin , Zheng Xuan , Diao Chunhua , Yang Xiufang , Zuo Xiaobo , Xu Jun , Liang Xinle
Published: July 2021

Streptococcus mutans is the primary etiological agent associated with cariogenic process. The present study aimed to investigate the antibacterial and anti-virulence activities of theaflavins (TFs) to Streptococcus mutans UA159 as well as the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that TFs were capable of suppressing the acid production, cell adherence, water-insoluble exopolysaccharides production, and biofilm formation by S. mutans UA159 with a dosage-dependent manner while without influencing the cell growth. By a genome-wide transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq), we found that TFs attenuated the biofilm formation of S. mutans UA159 by inhibiting glucosyltransferases activity and the production of glucan-binding proteins (GbpB and GbpC) instead of directly blocking the expression of genes coding for glucosyltransferases. Further, TFs inhibited the expression of genes implicated in peptidoglycan synthesis, glycolysis, lipid synthesis, two-component system, signaling peptide transport (comA), oxidative stress response, and DNA replication and repair, suggesting that TFs suppressed the virulence factors of S. mutans UA159 by affecting the signal transduction and cell envelope stability, and weakening the ability of cells on oxidative stress resistance. In addition, an upregulated expression of the genes involved in protein biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, and transport system upon TFs treatment indicated that cells increase the protein synthesis and nutrients uptake as one self-protective mechanism to cope with stress caused by TFs. The results of this study increase our current understanding of the anti-virulence activity of TFs on S. mutans and provide clues for the use of TFs in the prevention of dental caries.
Financial inclusion and the growth of small medium enterprises in Uganda: empirical evidence from selected districts in Lango sub-region
Authors: Eton Marus , Mwosi Fabian , Okello-Obura Constant , Turyehebwa Abanis , Uwonda Gilbert
Published: July 2021

The growth and failure of small and medium enterprises has been a topic of discussions world over among policymakers and researchers. This study was guided by the following objectives: to examine the contributions of small medium enterprises (SMEs), to determine the challenges affecting small medium enterprises, to examine how financial inclusiveness supports the growth of small medium enterprises, and to establish the relationship between financial inclusion and growth of small medium enterprises. The study used a cross-sectional research design. Descriptive design was used and supplemented by inferential statistics. Correlation and regression analysis were adopted. The study revealed that financial inclusion is significant in supporting SME growth. The study further also revealed that the cost of acquiring and servicing financial services is high; there is also difficulty in using some of the financial services, and the way financial providers treat financial users, some lacked some degree of respect and dignity. The study recommends that financial providers should continue sensitizing the public on the available financial services beyond credit services, which are common and known. Digital financial service providers should encourage their clientele to use digitalized financial services which are cheap, secure, and risk averse. The cost of capital should also be reduced to encourage borrowing while SMEs should innovatively produce goods that can be competitive at both domestic and international markets.
Form and content of Jamaican cannabis edibles
Authors: Lindsay Carole M. , Abel Wendel D. , Jones-Edwards Erica E. , Brown Paul D. , Bernard Khalia K. , Taylor Tainia T.
Published: July 2021

Background

In 2017, the Jamaican government banned the sale of cannabis-infused edibles after reports of over-intoxication in adults and children. There is a general lack of public awareness regarding the risk involved with edible dosage. Vandrey et al. in 2015 reported that random cannabis edibles sampled from dispensaries in California and Washington in the USA failed to meet the basic labeling standards for pharmaceuticals (Vandrey et al.; JAMA 2015). This study aims to measure the levels of THC and CBD in a variety of edibles available locally in order to establish current cannabinoid content and to report on safety and packaging. This study is deemed necessary as no such study has been done to measure the potency levels of edibles and to raise awareness of the potential risk to children.

Methods

Forty-five cannabis-infused edible items were collected as convenience samples over a 4-year period (2014–2018) and analyzed. The QuEChERS technique (modified) was used to extract cannabinoids from each item. The extracts were then derivatized with MSTFA prior to analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The descriptive statistics were calculated using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences—SPSS Software. Descriptive statistics presented include the mean, median, standard deviation, and range for each product category. The distribution of data with a box and whisker plot and frequency of THC to CBD ratios with a histogram was also presented.

Results

Edibles on the Jamaican market comprise baked goods, candies, frozen foods, and beverages. Eighty-six percent of samples were poorly labeled and failed to meet basic labeling requirements. None of the packages were observed to be child-proof. THC levels ranged from 0.01 to 99.9 mg per product while CBD levels ranged from 0.001 to 69.2 mg per product. The highest THC and CBD levels were detected in cookies and brownies. Thirty percent of the samples had THC levels greater than the recommended 10 mg THC per serving.

Conclusion

The lack of proper labeling and the wide range of THC levels in cannabis edibles raises public health concerns for all consumers including inexperienced persons who may be at a greater risk of overdosing. Concern must also be raised over the possibility that the attractive and tasty ways in which the drug is being presented might tempt young children and teens to take cannabis.

Impact statement

It is hoped that this information will raise public awareness of the current potential danger these edibles pose to children and inexperienced users and that policymakers will see the need for the imposition of suitable regulations.
An outline of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and the complement cascade of immune system
Authors: Hembram Padmalochan
Published: July 2021

Background

Coronavirus disease 19 is a viral infection caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. It was first notified in Wuhan, China, is now spread into numerous part of the world. Thus, the world needs urgent support and encouragement to develop a vaccine or antiviral treatments to combat the atrocious outbreak.

Main body of the abstract

The origin of this virus is yet unknown; however, rapid transmission from human-to-human “Anthroponosis” has widely confirmed. The world is witnessing a continuous hike in SARS-CoV-2 infection. In light of the outbreak of coronavirus disease 19, we have aimed to highlight the basic and vital information about the novel coronavirus. We provide an overview of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, timeline and its pathophysiological properties which would be an aid for the development of therapeutic molecules and antiviral drugs. Immune system plays a crucial role in virus infection in order to control but may have dark side when becomes uncontrollable. The host and SARS-CoV-2 interaction describe how the virus exploits host machinery and how overactive host immune response can cause disease severity also addressed in this review.

Short conclusion

Safe and effective vaccines may be the game-changing tools, but in the near future wearing mask, washing hands at regular intervals, avoiding crowed, maintaining physical distancing and hygienic surrounding, must be good practices to reduce and break the transmission chain. Still, research is ongoing not only on how vaccines protect against disease, but also against infection and transmission.
Continuity of care and mortality in people with schizophrenia
Authors: Macdonald Alastair , Adamis Dimitrios , Broadbent Matthew , Craig Tom , Stewart Rob , Murray Robin M.
Published: July 2021

Background

People with schizophrenia have shortened lives. This excess mortality seems to be related to physical health conditions that may be amenable to better primary and secondary prevention. Better continuity of care may enhance such interventions as well as help prevent death by self-injury.

Aims

We set out to examine the relationship between the continuity of care of patients with schizophrenia, their mortality and cause of death.

Method

Pseudoanonymised community data from 5551 people with schizophrenia presenting over 11 years were examined for changes in continuity of care using the numbers of community teams caring for them and the Modified Modified Continuity Index. These and demographic variables were related to death certifications of physical illness from the Office of National Statistics and mortal self-injury from clinical data. Data were analysed using generalised estimating equations.

Results

We found no independent relationship between levels of continuity of care and overall mortality. However, lower levels of relationship continuity were significantly and independently related to death by self-injury.

Conclusions

We found no evidence that continuity of care is important in the prevention of physical causes of death in schizophrenia. However, there is evidence that declining relationship continuity of care has an independent effect on deaths as a result of self-injury. We suggest that there should be more attention focused on the improvement of continuity of care for these patients.
Forming the Hematology-Oncology Collaborative Videoconferencing (CO-VID) Learning Initiative: Experiential Lessons Learned From a Novel Trainee-Led Multidisciplinary Virtual Learning Platform
Authors: Martin Richard L. , Grant Michael J. , Kimani Stephen , Midha Shonali , May Jori , Patell Rushad , Collier Emily , Furfaro David , Bodine Charles , Reap Leo , Shah Nikesh , DeLaune Jess , Brusca Samuel , Olazagasti Coral , Goyal Shreya , Rubinstein Samuel , Hakim Nausheen , Qin Shuai , Browning Sabrina L. , Sena Laura , Gilbert Jill , Davidson Mario , Lovly Christine M. , Seetharamu Nagashree , Rangachari Deepa , Murphy Martina , Chatwal Monica , Paschal Rita , Henry Elizabeth , Collichio Frances , Green Jennifer R.
Published: July 2021

PURPOSE:

COVID-19 challenged medical practice and graduate medical education. Building on previous initiatives, we describe and reflect on the formative process and goals of the Hematology-Oncology Collaborative Videoconferencing Learning Initiative, a trainee-led multi-institutional virtual COVID-19 learning model.

METHODS:

Clinical fellows and faculty from 13 US training institutions developed consensus needs, goals, and objectives, recruited presenters, and generated a multidisciplinary COVID-19 curriculum. Weekly Zoom conferences consisted of two trainee-led instructional segments and a trainee-moderated faculty Q&A panel. Hematology-oncology training program faculty and trainees were the targeted audience. Leadership evaluations consisted of anonymized baseline and concluding mixed methods surveys. Presenter evaluations consisted of session debriefs and two structured focus groups. Conference evaluations consisted of attendance, demographics, and pre- or postmultiple-choice questions on topic learning objectives.

RESULTS:

In 6 weeks, the initiative produced five conferences: antivirals, anticoagulation, pulmonology, provider resilience, and resource scarcity ethics. The average attendance was 100 (range 57-185). Among attendees providing both pre- and postconference data, group-level knowledge appeared to increase: antiviral (n = 46) pre-/postcorrect 82.6%/97.8% and incorrect 10.9%/2.2%, anticoagulation (n = 60) pre-/postcorrect 75%/93.3% and incorrect 15%/6.7%, and pulmonary (n = 21) pre-/postcorrect 66.7%/95.2% and incorrect 33.3%/4.8%. Although pulmonary management comfort appeared to increase, comfort managing of antivirals and anticoagulation was unchanged. At the conclusion of the pilot, leadership trainees reported improved self-confidence organizing multi-institutional collaborations, median (interquartile range) 58.5 (50-64) compared with baseline 34 (26-39), but did not report improved confidence in other educational or leadership skills.

CONCLUSION:

During crisis, trainees built a multi-institutional virtual education platform for the purposes of sharing pandemic experiences and knowledge. Accomplishment of initiative goals was mixed. Lessons learned from the process and goals may improve future disaster educational initiatives.
Römische Gräber in der St. Alban-Vorstadt
Authors: Helmig Guido , Schön Udo , Kaufmann Bruno , Warburton Rahel C.
Published: July 2021

An der St. Alban-Vorstadt 62 ist innerhalb des seit dem Spätmittelalter dicht überbauten Areales noch ein kleiner Ausschnitt eines wohl ausgedehnteren frührömischen Friedhofes zum Vorschein gekommen.

Reste zweier Körperbestattungen von erwachsenen Personen können infolge fehlender Bei- und Begleitfunde nicht näher datiert werden. Die im Umkreis dieser Erdbestattungen nachgewiesenen Körperbestattungen von Neugeborenen und Säuglingen sind aber anhand der Beifunde in den Grabgruben sicher der frührömischen Zeit zuzuordnen. Erstaunlich ist die dichte Belegung mit Neugeborenen und deren Häufigkeit; es dürfte sich demzufolge um einen speziellen Bereich des Friedhofareales gehandelt haben.

Nur gerade zwei Brandbestattungen zeugen von der Sitte der Feuerbestattung bereits in der ersten Hälfte des 1. Jahrhunderts.
Archäologische Untersuchungen im Engelhof (Nadelberg 4/Stiftsgasse 1, 1987/6)
Authors: Matt Christoph Ph.
Published: July 2021

Im ersten Teil werden die archäologischen Untersuchungen im Gebäudekomplex an der Ecke Nadelberg 4/Stiftsgasse 1 näher vorgestellt, die 1987 durchgeführt wurden.

Der zweite Teil fasst die Erkenntnisse der vergangenen Grabung am Nadelberg zusammen und bietet einen Überblick über die frühe Besiedlungsgeschichte.
Beobachtungen zur Baugeschichte der Basler «Pfalz» anlässlich der Sanierung 1994/95
Authors: Reicke Daniel
Published: July 2021

Die Stützmauer der allen Baslern als «Pfalz» bekannten Aussichtsplattform beim Münster musste in den Jahren 1994 und 1995 ausgebessert werden.
Das westlichste Teilstück der Burkhardschen Stadtmauer am Leonhardsgraben
Authors: Matt Christoph Ph. , Bing Christian
Published: July 2021

Bei den beim Umbauprojekt freigelegten Mauern handelt es sich um die sog. Burkhardsche Stadtmauer, die von Bischof Burkhard von Fenis am Ende des 11. Jahrhunderts erbaute älteste mittelalterliche Basler Stadtmauer, sowie - in kleinerem Umfang - um die Innere Stadtmauer.
Lörtscher's des Schindlers Hus
Authors: Helmig Guido , Jaggi Bernard , Keller Christine , Schön Udo , Schärli Beatrice
Published: July 2021

Im Rahmen des Neubauprojektes im Hinterhof von Haus Nr. 28 ergab sich die Gelegenheit zu umfassenden archäologischen Sondierungen, die römerzeitliche Funde, einen Kernbau aus dem frühen 14. Jahrhundert und zahlreiches Fundmaterial aus einem mittelalterlichen Keller zum Vorschein brachten.

Die Bauforschung untersuchte den bis 1995 stehenden Baubestand und einen barocke Hofflügelbau von 1733.
A Model for Prepositioning Emergency Relief Items Before a Typhoon with an Uncertain Trajectory
Authors: Uichanco Joline
Published: July 2021

Problem definition: We study the problem faced by the Philippine Department of Social Welfare (DSWD) in prepositioning relief items before landfall of an oncoming typhoon whose future outcome (trajectory and wind speed) is uncertain. Academic/practical relevance: The importance of prepositioning was a hard lesson learned from Super Typhoon Haiyan that devastated the Philippines in 2013, when many affected by the typhoon did not have immediate access to food and water. In a typhoon-prone country, it is important to build resilience through an effective prepositioning model. Methodology: By engaging with DSWD, we developed a practically relevant stochastic prepositioning model. The probability models of municipality-level demand and of supply damage are both dependent on the typhoon outcome. A linear mixed effects model is used to estimate the dependence of demand on the typhoon outcome using a large data set that includes the municipality-level impact of West Pacific typhoons during 2008–2019. The model has two objectives motivated from the practical realities of the Philippine network: prioritizing regions with high demand and prepositioning in all affected regions proportional to their total demand. Results: We find that the choice of the demand model significantly impacts the distributed relief items in the Philippine setting where it is challenging to adjust region-level supply after a typhoon. By using the historical data on past typhoons, we show that in this setting, our stochastic demand model provides the best distribution to date of any existing demand models. Managerial implications: There currently exists a gap between theory and practice in the management of relief inventories. We contribute toward bridging this gap by engaging with DSWD to develop a practically relevant relief distribution model. Our work is an effective example of collaboration with government and nongovernment agencies in developing a relief distribution model.
On Co-opetitive Supply Partnerships with End-Product Rivals: Information Asymmetry, Dual Sourcing and Supply Market Efficiency
Authors: Jung Seung Hwan , Kouvelis Panos
Published: July 2021

Problem definition: We consider opportunities for cooperation at the supply level between two firms that are rivals in the end-product market. One of our firms is vertically integrated (VI), has in-house production capabilities, and may also supply its rival. The other is a downstream outsourcing (DO) firm that has better market information. The DO is willing to consider a supply partnership with the VI, but it also has the option to use the outside supply market. Academic/practical relevance: Such co-opetitive practices are common in industrial supply chains, but firms’ co-opetitive strategic sourcing with the potential of information leakage has not been examined in the literature. Methodology: We build a game-theoretic model to capture the firms’ strategic interactions under the co-opetitive supply partnership with the potential information leakage. Results: The DO exploits its information advantage to obtain a better wholesale price from the VI and may use dual sourcing to protect its private information. Anticipating that, the VI may offer wholesale price concessions as an information rent to obtain the DO’s information. Our work identifies demand uncertainty and efficiency of outside supply market as the factors affecting the VI’s pricing decision and the resulting equilibrium. Pooling equilibrium arises often, but in a few cases, the equilibrium is separating. At the separating equilibrium, the DO always single sources, either from the VI or the independent supplier depending on the demand state. The VI benefits from ancillary revenue-generating opportunity, and from information acquisition in a separating equilibrium. On the other hand, the DO’s benefit is a cheaper price in exchange for market information in a separating equilibrium. In the pooling case, the DO uses dual sourcing to hide demand information, especially in the high demand case, and to better supply the end-market through his accurate demand information. Managerial implications: Our work provides useful insights into firms’ strategic sourcing behaviors to efficiently deal with the potential of information leakage in the co-opetitive supply environment and for the rationale behind such relationships often observed in industries.
Paraneoplastic Raynaud’s Phenomenon as an Initial Manifestation of Lung Cancer?
Authors: Lokineni Sravani , Nepal Mahesh , Mohamed Amr
Published: July 2021

Paraneoplastic Raynaud’s phenomenon has often been reported in leukaemia, lymphoma and sarcoma. Nevertheless, an association with lung cancer is not frequently reported in the literature even though lung cancer is a common malignancy. We present a case of paraneoplastic Raynaud’s phenomenon as the presenting feature of underlying lung malignancy.
Fragilidades dos mecanismos de controle das Organizações Sociais de Saúde no município do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: De Oliveira João Paulo Tapioca , Fleury Sonia
Published: July 2021

Este trabalho vai avaliar o funcionamento dos principais mecanismos de controle das organizações sociais de saúde, no caso específico do Município do Rio de Janeiro. As reiteradas denúncias de irregularidades e ilegalidades apontadas pelo Tribunal de Contas do Município do Rio de Janeiro e pelo Ministério Público do Estado do Rio de Janeiro levantaram dúvidas acerca da adequação dos processos de monitoramento, fiscalização e controle dessas entidades. Disto decorre nosso objetivo central de pesquisa, que é identificar as fragilidades do novo modelo de gestão por organizações sociais de saúde, no caso da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Para isso, foram analisados: o arcabouço jurídico-normativo do modelo local, a partir de análise comparativa da legislação municipal que regulamenta seu funcionamento (Lei 5.026/09) e sua contraparte federal (Lei 9.637/98); indicadoresde saúde que mensurassem o desempenho das OSS; todas as inspeções realizadas pelo TCM-RJ até o fim de 2015; e o conjunto de recomendações enviado pelo MP-ERJ para a Prefeitura após deflagração da Operação Ilha Fiscal, que acarretou a desqualificação da OS BIOTECH e a prisão de seus dirigentes, acusados de desviar mais de R$48 milhões em recursOS PÚBLICos. Ao final, constatou-se que as fragilidades da legislação municipal e dos decretos executivos que regulamentam a atuação das OSS no MRJ não permitem o exercício efetivo do comando da parceria, em afronta, portanto, ao dispositivo constitucional que determina que a atuação de entidades privadas no âmbito do SUS pode se dar apenas de modo complementar. Ademais, verificou-se total inadequação da estrutura de controle pela Prefeitura, cuja principal consequência foi tornar o modelo de reforma gerencialista em um modelo que incentiva o comportamento patrimonialista no âmbito da saúde pública, uma vez que o controle de meios é absolutamente negligenciado.
A fundação da “Cidade-Capitania” do Rio de Janeiro e a Repartição do Sul: notas sobre administração colonial
Authors: Santos Fabiano Vilaça dos
Published: July 2021

O presente artigo aborda a polêmica sobre a fundação da cidade de São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro, em 1565/67, associada à criação da capitania real do Rio de Janeiro. O trabalho contempla, ainda, a análise da adoção e do funcionamento de uma entidade administrativa que alterou por três vezes a configuração política e jurisdicional do governo-geral do Estado do Brasil, originalmente instalado na Bahia: a Repartição do Sul, sediada no Rio de Janeiro nos séculos XVI e XVII.
Aspectos que influenciam a criação das Zonas de Especial Interesse Social nos municípios do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Gonçalves Ana Paula Vasconcelos
Published: July 2021

No Brasil as políticas urbanas e habitacionais não favoreciam as camadas populares, acarretando a segregação habitacional das pessoas mais pobres. Somente a partir da década de 80 que a discussão sobre regulação urbanística, políticas habitacionais inclusivas e gestão democrática das cidades começou a ter mais repercussão. Esta nova mobilização culminou no Estatuto da Cidade que prevê a obrigatoriedade do Plano Diretor e também instrumentos legais para a gestão democrática das cidades, como as Zonas de Especial Interesse Social – ZEIS. No Estado do Rio de Janeiro a partir de 2008 ocorreu um aumento de municípios com Plano Diretor e com áreas definidas como ZEIS, entretanto há cidades que não possuem este instrumento de gestão. Por isso, este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender quais fatores influenciam os municípios do Estado do Rio a incluir em seu Plano Diretor as ZEIS. Tendo em vista que estas zonas estão relacionadas diretamente a habitação, optou-se neste trabalho por verificar quais características dos domicílios e de infraestrutura urbana podem afetar a decisão em questão. Para alcançar tal objetivo foi empregada a regressão logística e os dados utilizados são oriundos do Censo Demográfico de 2010 e da pesquisa do Perfil dos Municípios Brasileiros, ambas realizadas pelo IBGE.
Elementos da formação de uma centralidade periférica na cidade do Rio de Janeiro: meio ambiente, elites fundiárias e políticas, dinâmica imobiliária e legislação urbanística
Authors: Fonseca Priscilla Rodrigues
Published: July 2021

Como aponta Lefebvre (2008), as centralidades urbanas são cheias de rupturas e continuidades, diferenças e identificações. Para tanto, nos dedicamos a investigar especificamente um bairro periférico da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, a saber Campo Grande, e identificar como o mesmo, a despeito de ter sido desatendido na escala municipal, se constituiu em centralidade intraurbana. Neste sentido, acompanhamos o seu desenvolvimento desde a vocação agrícola e centro de serviços até a importante participação na dinâmica imobiliária da cidade. Destacamos também o papel dos instrumentos do Direito Urbanístico disponíveis que contribuíram e ratificaram esse crescimento e possível permanência de diferenciações sociais.
Especialização produtiva — reflexos sobre o desenvolvimento do estado do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Cavalieri Henrique , Hasenclever Lia
Published: July 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar de que maneira a problemática do subdesenvolvimento, sugerida principalmente pela Comissão Econômica para a América Latina e o Caribe (Cepal) nos anos 1950, apresenta- se contemporaneamente ao estado do Rio de Janeiro (ERJ), tendo em vista o movimento recente de a economia estadual concentrar sua estrutura produtiva em segmentos associados ao petróleo. Para tanto, lança-se mão de dados sobre a estrutura produtiva do ERJ em comparação com a nacional, caracterizando a composição setorial e o padrão de desenvolvimento recente em níveis estadual e nacional. As principais conclusões do trabalho são que a especialização produtiva fluminense na indústria extrativa do petróleo não tem se constituído em uma via de desenvolvimento virtuoso para o estado. Ao contrário, o  padrão de desenvolvimento atual tem perpetuado e reproduzido heterogeneidades estruturais, baixo crescimento econômico e vulnerabilidade externa.
Desafios à gestão, ao desenvolvimento sustentável em Miracema (RJ)
Authors: José de Mendonça Ribeiro Paulo
Published: July 2021

O presente estudo é resultado da criação UC - Unidade de Conservação no município de Miracema, em 2010, baseado no projeto de pesquisa “Uma proposta de Gestão do Marketing no Município de Miracema- RJ, como estratégia para promoção de um município saudável e sustentável”. O resultado, pela metodologia utilizada, sugere que a problemática socioambiental incorpora as questões sobre a qualidade de vida e bem-estar dos indivíduos e coletividades e na lógica de reprodução, articulam-se ao crescimento econômico e ao consumo. Há porém mais custos que benefícios particularmente no que se refere à sustentabilidade socioambiental. Os problemas socioambientais representam um grande desafio para as políticas públicas e sua gestão; quando identificados, padecem em efetividade, dada a tabulação dos dados primários e secundários, inclusive no aspecto documental.
Produção do Espaço Urbano e Espaços Livres Públicos: usos e apropriações
Authors: Pereira de Campos Lettieri Ana Paula , Junio dos Santos Valdir
Published: July 2021

Esse artigo tem como objetivo identificar os usos e apropriações atuais existentes na Praça José Dias Nogueira, localizada no bairro de Custodópolis, em Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ. Tendo em vista a complexidade e multiplicidade de interesses que passaram a permear a produção do espaço urbano com a consolidação do sistema capitalista e, no caso de Campos dos Goytacazes, das transformações que fazem parte de sua história, acredita-se que reflexos se sucederam nos espaços livres públicos como um todo, mas, sobretudo, nas praças e, especialmente, na relação dos usuários com estas. Em virtude disso, constatou-se a importância de analisar tal relação, suas principais características, desdobramentos e consequências para a esfera pública. Para tanto, foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas e documentais – que possibilitaram o embasamento teórico deste artigo - e pesquisa de campo com abordagem multimétodos, a partir da qual se analisou os mais diversos aspectos da Praça José Dias Nogueira e de sua relação com a vida na cidade. Os resultados apontam para a ocorrência de uma relação consistente entre a população e a praça, além disso, sugere usos principais da mesma, os quais guardam estreita relação com as características da praça e de seu entorno, o que reforça as possíveis influências do planejamento nos espaços livres públicos. Denotam, ainda, que se trata de uma praça com certas características de centralidade urbana, na qual se fazem presentes a vivacidade, diversidade e contradiação que refletem o próprio bairro no qual se localiza.
Espaços Verdes Na Cidade Do Rio De Janeiro: Gestão E Importância Para O Bem-estar Da População
Authors: Gonçalves Romeiro Ferreira Helen , Teixeira de Seixas Filho José , Conceição Reis Pereira Mello Silvia
Published: July 2021

Este artigo é uma revisão de literatura, que teve por objetivo, levantar informações sobre as práticas de plantio de espécies ornamentais em praças e jardins e da arborização no ambiente urbano, buscando evidenciar a importância dessas práticas para a população da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Os dados utilizados englobam artigos científicos sobre o tema, levantados nas bases de dados Scielo e Google acadêmico, além de trabalhos técnicos e dados oficiais de órgãos públicos. As zonas verdes vão além de fins estéticos, contribuem para o equilíbrio térmico e a redução da poluição sonora, auxiliando de forma significativa o sistema de drenagem das cidades, servindo ainda, para alimentar e abrigar a fauna local, além de trazer conforto psicológico e diminuição do estresse para a população. Entretanto, a arborização constantemente entra em conflito com o desenvolvimento das cidades, devido ao crescimento urbano desenfreado e ao plantio irregular que causam problemas secundários, como levantamento de calçadas, problemas com a fiação aérea ou subterrânea. Esses contratempos acabam dificultando uma convivência harmônica entre a população e natureza. A Fundação Parques e Jardins é a responsável pelo plantio e conservação de árvores e espécies ornamentais na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, o trabalho de valorização da flora realizado por esta Fundação é fundamental para a manutenção dos espaços verdes, mas necessita ser divulgado, para que a população entenda a importância desse trabalho e passe a ser uma forte aliada, dessa forma, os espaços verdes poderão ser melhor preservados trazendo cada vez mais benefícios para a cidade.
Crise, desenvolvimento e território: reflexões sobre o extremo oeste da Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: De Oliveira Leandro Dias , Germano André Luiz Nascimento , Pinho Miguel Alexandre do Espírito Santos
Published: July 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é, a partir dos conteúdos da geografia econômica e da economia política, analisar os limites do modelo de desenvolvimento instituído nas últimas décadas nas cidades do extremo oeste da Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, formado pelos municípios de Seropédica, Paracambi, Queimados, Japeri e Itaguaí (integrada ao Distrito Industrial de Santa Cruz). A reestruturação territorial-produtiva dessas cidades incluiu a implementação de novos empreendimentos do ramo industrial e logístico, tornando a região numa área de expansão, influência e propagação política, econômica, social, cultural e ambiental da metrópole. Questionando o modelo de desenvolvimento instituído e fazendo uma análise crítica dos últimos anos, são apresentadas provocações acerca da construção de um modelo de desenvolvimento social para a região.
Expansão e crise no mercado de trabalho formal fluminense entre 1985 e 2019
Authors: Dias Robson Santos
Published: July 2021

Vários estudos vêm analisando os diferentes indicadores econômicos e apresentando suas conclusões sobre a dinâmica econômica e os gargalos estruturais da economia fluminense. Porém, um trabalho de atualização se faz sempre necessária, de modo a se avaliar as continuidades e descontinuidades na trajetória econômica regional, assim como se algumas das tendências indicadas em estudos mais antigos se confirmaram ou não. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do trabalho é analisar como evoluiu o mercado de trabalho formal fluminense entre 1985 e 2019, de modo a correlacionar com o principal do estado da arte sobre a economia fluminense e seus rebatimentos territoriais, e avaliar o impacto da crise a partir de 2015 nesse indicador que afeta diretamente no padrão de renda da população.
Shoulder examination: a systematic approach
Authors: Khan Akib M , Assiotis Angelos , Ibrahim Mazin S , Sankey Andrew R
Published: July 2021

The shoulder is a complex joint with static and dynamic stabilising structures working synchronously. These allow a full range of movement while preserving stability of the joint. Patients may present with pain, stiffness, weakness, deformity or instability. The authors suggest a systematic examination sequence to ensure that important pathology is not overlooked. Adopting this approach allows common pathologies, including tears of the rotator cuff, impingement and tendinopathy, to be easily identified. This shoulder examination sequence may be used by all healthcare professionals and can also act as a revision aid for those undergoing exams in this field, at different levels of training.
Every day a school day
Authors: Costello Barry
Published: July 2021

Nearly a year into his career as an NQP, Barry Costello reflects on why a patient-centred approach to care matters and how it will impact him as an ongoing learner in paramedicine
Progressing as a trainee ACP
Authors: Frake Abbie-Louise
Published: July 2021

In this instalment of Paramedic Roles, Abbie-Louise Frake sheds some light on her current role as a trainee advanced clinical practitioner, reflecting on where she has been and where she is headed
Underwater image restoration by structured light and flood light imaging
Authors: Gong Benxing , Wang Guoyu
Published: July 2021

An underwater optical imaging system is indispensable for many oceanic engineering tasks, yet still plagued by poor visibility conditions. The serious degradation of underwater image results from light scattering and absorption. Removal of the backscattered light is the focus issue of underwater imaging technology to improve the image visibility, particularly in turbid water. In this paper, we present an approach for underwater image recovery using structured light imaging and flood light imaging to compose a combined imaging model with which the backscatter component is completely offset. The convolutional image is obtained using the structured light scanning imaging mode where the backscatter intensity is proportional to that of the flood light image with an unknown scale parameter. An algorithm to refine the matching of the backscatter components of both the convolutional image and the flood light image is proposed. Thus, subtraction of both images gives rise the combined imaging model without the backscatter component. Consequently, image restoration is completed by employing the deconvolution process. Results of underwater experiments are given.
Balanced photodetector nonlinearity for the short-pulse regime
Authors: Guay Philippe , Genest Jérôme
Published: July 2021

Short-pulse lasers are used to characterize the nonlinear response of
amplified photodetectors. Two widely used balanced detectors are
characterized in terms of amplitude, area, broadening, and balancing
the mismatch of their impulse response. The dynamic impact of pulses
on the detector is also discussed. It is demonstrated that using
photodetectors with short pulses triggers nonlinearities even when the
source average power is well below the detector’s continuous power
saturation threshold.
Photonic crystal lasers: from photonic crystal surface emitting lasers (PCSELs) to hybrid external cavity lasers (HECLs) and topological PhC lasers [Invited]
Authors: Iadanza S. , Liles A. A. , Butler S. M. , Hegarty S. P. , O’Faolain L.
Published: July 2021

Photonic crystals (PhC) represent an important class of silicon photonics components employed as wavelength selective resonators to act as narrow-band mirrors in integrated lasers due to their small footprint, high surface area, and Q-factor/volume ratio that enables efficient confinement of light, required for improved performances of the laser. These properties of PhCs are key for the potential deployment of PhC based high power, energy efficient and versatile semiconductor lasers for telecom, datacom, optical sensing and biomedical applications. In this paper, we report the main advances on PhC based lasers from photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) to the new hybrid external cavity laser (HECLs) configurations.
Predictions from algorithmic modeling result in better decisions than from data modeling for soybean iron deficiency chlorosis
Authors: Xu Zhanyou , Kurek Andreomar , Cannon Steven B. , Beavis William D.
Published: July 2021

In soybean variety development and genetic improvement projects, iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) is visually assessed as an ordinal response variable. Linear Mixed Models for Genomic Prediction (GP) have been developed, compared, and used to select continuous plant traits such as yield, height, and maturity, but can be inappropriate for ordinal traits. Generalized Linear Mixed Models have been developed for GP of ordinal response variables. However, neither approach addresses the most important questions for cultivar development and genetic improvement: How frequently are the ‘wrong’ genotypes retained, and how often are the ‘correct’ genotypes discarded? The research objective reported herein was to compare outcomes from four data modeling and six algorithmic modeling GP methods applied to IDC using decision metrics appropriate for variety development and genetic improvement projects. Appropriate metrics for decision making consist of specificity, sensitivity, precision, decision accuracy, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Data modeling methods for GP included ridge regression, logistic regression, penalized logistic regression, and Bayesian generalized linear regression. Algorithmic modeling methods include Random Forest, Gradient Boosting Machine, Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbors, Naïve Bayes, and Artificial Neural Network. We found that a Support Vector Machine model provided the most specific decisions of correctly discarding IDC susceptible genotypes, while a Random Forest model resulted in the best decisions of retaining IDC tolerant genotypes, as well as the best outcomes when considering all decision metrics. Overall, the predictions from algorithmic modeling result in better decisions than from data modeling methods applied to soybean IDC.
A comparative baseline of coral disease in three regions along the Saudi Arabian coast of the central Red Sea
Authors: Aeby Greta Smith , Shore Amanda , Jensen Thor , Ziegler Maren , Work Thierry , Voolstra Christian R.
Published: July 2021

Coral disease is a growing problem for coral reefs globally and diseases have been linked to thermal stress, excess nutrients, overfishing and other human impacts. The Red Sea is a unique environment for corals with a strong environmental gradient characterized by temperature extremes and high salinities, but minimal terrestrial runoff or riverine input and their associated pollution. Yet, relatively little is known about coral diseases in this region. Disease surveys were conducted at 22 reefs within three regions (Yanbu, Thuwal, Al Lith) in the central Red Sea along the Saudi Arabian coast. Surveys occurred in October 2015, which coincided with a hyperthermal-induced bleaching event. Our objectives were to 1) document types, prevalence, and distribution of coral diseases in a region with minimal terrestrial input, 2) compare regional differences in diseases and bleaching along a latitudinal gradient of environmental conditions, and 3) use histopathology to characterize disease lesions at the cellular level. Coral reefs of the central Red Sea had a widespread but a surprisingly low prevalence of disease (<0.5%), based on the examination of >75,750 colonies. Twenty diseases were recorded affecting 16 coral taxa and included black band disease, white syndromes, endolithic hypermycosis, skeletal eroding band, growth anomalies and focal bleached patches. The three most common diseases wereAcroporawhite syndrome (59.1% of the survey sites),Poritesgrowth anomalies (40.9%), andPoriteswhite syndrome (31.8%). Sixteen out of 30 coral genera within transects had lesions andAcropora,MilleporaandLobophylliawere the most commonly affected. Cell-associated microbial aggregates were found in four coral genera including a first report inStylophora. Differences in disease prevalence, coral cover, amount of heat stress as measured by degree heating weeks (DHW) and extent of bleaching was evident among sites. Disease prevalence was not explained by coral cover or DHW, and a negative relationship between coral bleaching and disease prevalence was found. The northern-most sites off the coast of Yanbu had the highest average disease prevalence and highest average DHW values but no bleaching. Our study provides a foundation and baseline data for coral disease prevalence in the central Red Sea, which is projected to increase as a consequence of increased frequency and severity of ocean warming.