bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indicaxanthin from Opuntia ficus indica (L. Mill) Inhibits Oxidized LDL-Mediated Human Endothelial Cell Dysfunction through Inhibition of NF-κB Activation
Authors: Attanzio Alessandro , Frazzitta Anna , Busa’ Rosalia , Tesoriere Luisa , Livrea Maria A. , Allegra Mario
Published: February 2019

Oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) play a pivotal role in the etiopathogenesis of atherosclerosis through the activation of inflammatory signaling events eventually leading to endothelial dysfunction and senescence. In the present work, we investigated the effects of indicaxanthin, a bioavailable, redox-modulating phytochemical from Opuntia ficus indica fruits, with anti-inflammatory activity, against oxLDL-induced endothelial dysfunction. Human umbilical vein cord cells (HUVEC) were stimulated with human oxLDL, and the effects of indicaxanthin were evaluated in a range between 5 and 20 μM, consistent with its plasma level after a fruit meal (7 μM). Pretreatment with indicaxanthin significantly and concentration-dependently inhibited oxLDL-induced cytotoxicity; ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and ELAM-1 increase; and ABC-A1 decrease of both protein and mRNA levels. From a mechanistic perspective, we also provided evidence that the protective effects of indicaxanthin were redox-dependent and related to the pigment efficacy to inhibit NF-κB transcriptional activity. In conclusion, here we demonstrate indicaxanthin as a novel, dietary phytochemical, able to exert significant protective vascular effects in vitro, at nutritionally relevant concentrations.
Glaucoma Diagnosis with Machine Learning Based on Optical Coherence Tomography and Color Fundus Images
Authors: An Guangzhou , Omodaka Kazuko , Hashimoto Kazuki , Tsuda Satoru , Shiga Yukihiro , Takada Naoko , Kikawa Tsutomu , Yokota Hideo , Akiba Masahiro , Nakazawa Toru
Published: February 2019

This study aimed to develop a machine learning-based algorithm for glaucoma diagnosis in patients with open-angle glaucoma, based on three-dimensional optical coherence tomography (OCT) data and color fundus images. In this study, 208 glaucomatous and 149 healthy eyes were enrolled, and color fundus images and volumetric OCT data from the optic disc and macular area of these eyes were captured with a spectral-domain OCT (3D OCT-2000, Topcon). Thickness and deviation maps were created with a segmentation algorithm. Transfer learning of convolutional neural network (CNN) was used with the following types of input images: (1) fundus image of optic disc in grayscale format, (2) disc retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness map, (3) macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness map, (4) disc RNFL deviation map, and (5) macular GCC deviation map. Data augmentation and dropout were performed to train the CNN. For combining the results from each CNN model, a random forest (RF) was trained to classify the disc fundus images of healthy and glaucomatous eyes using feature vector representation of each input image, removing the second fully connected layer. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of a 10-fold cross validation (CV) was used to evaluate the models. The 10-fold CV AUCs of the CNNs were 0.940 for color fundus images, 0.942 for RNFL thickness maps, 0.944 for macular GCC thickness maps, 0.949 for disc RNFL deviation maps, and 0.952 for macular GCC deviation maps. The RF combining the five separate CNN models improved the 10-fold CV AUC to 0.963. Therefore, the machine learning system described here can accurately differentiate between healthy and glaucomatous subjects based on their extracted images from OCT data and color fundus images. This system should help to improve the diagnostic accuracy in glaucoma.
Product Line Pricing under Marginal Moment Model with Network Effect
Authors: Qi Wei , Luo Xinggang , Liu Xuwang , Yu Yang , Zhang Zhongliang
Published: February 2019

The complex network effect of the product exhibits has a significant impact on the product line optimization design. The multinomial logit (MNL) model which is used to simulate consumer choice behavior is applied in most of product line optimization problems. However, its assumptions, independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA) and the same Gumbel distribution of random error terms, are usually difficult to be met in practice. The marginal moment model (MMM) can be used when the mean and variance of consumer’s utility error are known. The MMM not only has weak assumption conditions but also overcomes the IIA problem of MNL model. In this paper, we study the product pricing problem based on MMM with endogenous negative network effect. Firstly, we construct a variant of MMM considering network effect in product line optimization design. Secondly, we prove that the revenue function is concave in market share. We propose the solving methods of the model to obtain the optimal price, the corresponding market share, and the revenue under three different scenarios, i.e., developing single product, homogeneous products, and heterogeneous products. Finally, numerical experiments show that the proposed model can better simulate consumer choice behavior and potentially increase revenue.
Physical Exercise Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Morphofunctional Cerebellar Damages Induced by the Ethanol Binge Drinking Paradigm from Adolescence to Adulthood in Rats
Authors: Lamarão-Vieira Kátia , Pamplona-Santos Dinair , Nascimento Priscila C. , Corrêa Márcio G. , Bittencourt Leonardo O. , dos Santos Savio M. , Cartágenes Sabrina C. , Fernandes Luanna Melo Pereira , Monteiro Marta C. , Maia Cristiane S. F. , Lima Rafael R.
Published: February 2019

Ethanol (EtOH) binge drinking is characterized by high EtOH intake during few hours followed by withdrawal. Protection strategies against the damages generated by this binge are poorly explored. Thus, this study is aimed at investigating the protective role of treadmill physical exercise (PE) on the damage caused after repeated cycles of binge-like EtOH exposure in the oxidative biochemistry, morphology, and cerebellar function of rats from adolescence to adulthood. For this, animals were divided into four groups: control group (sedentary animals with doses of distilled water), exercised group (exercised animals with doses of distilled water), EtOH group (sedentary animals with doses of 3 g/kg/day of EtOH, 20% w/v), and exercised+EtOH group (exercised animals with previous mentioned doses of EtOH). The PE occurred on a running treadmill for 5 days a week for 4 weeks, and all doses of EtOH were administered through intragastric gavage in four repeated cycles of EtOH in a binge-like manner. After the EtOH protocol and PE, animals were submitted to open field and beam walking tests. In sequence, the cerebellums were collected for the biochemical and morphological analyses. Biochemical changes were analyzed by measurement of Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), reduced glutathione content measurements (GSH), and measurement of nitrite and lipid peroxidation (LPO). In morphological analyses, Purkinje cell density evaluation and immunohistochemistry evaluation were measured by antimyelin basic protein (MBP) and antisynaptophysin (SYP). The present findings demonstrate that the binge drinking protocol induced oxidative biochemistry misbalance, from the decrease of TEAC levels and higher LPO related to tissue damage and motor impairment. In addition, we have shown for the first time that treadmill physical exercise reduced tissue and functional alterations displayed by EtOH exposure.
Multifunctional Polydiacetylenic Complex Films: Preferential Host-Guest Interaction with Specific Small Molecules and Recognition of Aldehyde Derivatives
Authors: Wu Xin , Huang Jingyuan , Piao Xianling , An Cheng-Shou , Cui Chunzhi
Published: February 2019

Two organic molecules, 10,12-pentacodiynoic acid (PCDA) and para-xylenediamine (pXDA), were complex in THF solution upon acid-base interactions and assembled into thin films with a highly ordered structure after evaporation of the solvent. The binding specificities of α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins (CDs) with the photopolymerized polydiacetylenic films were studied. According to the optical, morphological, and structural analyses, it was found that the films were preferentially interacted with α-CDs, as well as host-guest interaction. In addition, the polydiacetylenic films were applicable for recognizing toxic materials as aldehyde derivatives in both liquid and gas states. These fundamental results may provide more useful platforms of polydiacetylene-based materials as optoelectronic devices or chemical/biological sensors.
Anodic Growth Behavior of TiO2 Nanotube Arrays with Process Parameter Control
Authors: Kim Wan-Tae , Choi Won-Youl
Published: February 2019

TiO2 nanotube arrays are very attractive materials by their vertically aligned porous nanostructures. They are easy to make using an anodic oxidation process in organic and inorganic electrolytes containing halogen ions, like fluorine and chlorine. Their growth tendency, various microstructures of TiO2 nanotube arrays, was fabricated and analysed with controlling of anodic oxidation process parameter like applied voltage, process time, electrolyte temperature, concentration of ammonium fluoride and DI water in ethylene glycol electrolyte, voltage applying and dropping rate, grain orientation, and size of titanium foil. Pore diameter and length were controlled in the range of 16 nm to 178 nm and 0.2 μm to 14.6 μm, respectively. Some tendencies of their growth were observed with different anodic oxidation variables. This growth tendency of TiO2 nanotube arrays is should be considered before they used in many applications, and if optimal structure for each application was fabricated and used, they will show better performance.
Intra- and Extra-Articular Deformity of Lower Limb: Tibial Condylar Valgus Osteotomy (TCVO) and Distal Tibial Oblique Osteotomy (DTOO) for Reconstruction of Joint Congruency
Authors: Watanabe Y. , Takenaka N. , Kinugasa K. , Matsushita T. , Teramoto T.
Published: February 2019

Osteotomies are the established surgical procedure for the deformity of the lower limb induced by osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee and ankle. Closed-wedge (CW) and open-wedge (OW) high tibial osteotomy (HTO) are extra-articular surgery, which aim to shift the mechanical axis from medial to slightly lateral and reduce the overload in the medial compartment of the varus deformed knee by extra-articular correction. However, varus deformity of the knee with the teeter effect, which could be accompanied with subluxation and thrust due to the medial-lateral soft tissue imbalance, is not resolved only by the shift of mechanical axis. The depression of the medial tibia plateau, so-called pagoda deformity, is the intra-articular deformity, which could potentially cause the teeter effect and involves intra-articular incongruency. In such case, the osteotomy with novel concept should be developed to overcome the issues, both the imbalance of soft tissue and intra-articular deformity. Tibial condylar valgus osteotomy (TCVO) is an intra-articular osteotomy, which improves the joint congruency of the medial-compartment knee OA with subluxation and/or intra-articular deformity and also provides better joint stability. A similar argument is raised in the treatment of the ankle OA. Low tibial osteotomy (LTO) is an extra-articular surgery to correct malalignment of lower leg. Distal tibial oblique osteotomy (DTOO) is a novel surgery to improve the bony congruency of the ankle OA. In DTOO, the distal tibia is cut obliquely from the proximal medial to the distal lateral in the coronal plane and towards the center of the tibiofibular joint to improve the bony congruency of the ankle joint. Tibial condylar valgus osteotomy (TCVO) and distal tibial oblique osteotomy (DTOO) can correct intra-articular deformity of knee and ankle, respectively. The rationale and indication of TCVO and DTOO for the treatment of the lower limb by reconstructing the joint congruency are discussed.
Optical Radiomic Signatures Derived from Optical Coherence Tomography Images Improve Identification of Melanoma
Authors: Turani Zahra , Fatemizadeh Emad , Blumetti Tatiana , Daveluy Steven , Moraes Ana Flavia , Chen Wei , Mehregan Darius , Andersen Peter E. , Nasiriavanaki Mohammadreza
Published: February 2019

The current gold standard for clinical diagnosis of melanoma is excisional biopsy and histopathologic analysis. Approximately 15–30 benign lesions are biopsied to diagnose each melanoma. In addition, biopsies are invasive and result in pain, anxiety, scarring, and disfigurement of patients, which can add additional burden to the health care system. Among several imaging techniques developed to enhance melanoma diagnosis, optical coherence tomography (OCT), with its high-resolution and intermediate penetration depth, can potentially provide required diagnostic information noninvasively. Here, we present an image analysis algorithm, “optical properties extraction (OPE),” which improves the specificity and sensitivity of OCT by identifying unique optical radiomic signatures pertinent to melanoma detection. We evaluated the performance of the algorithm using several tissue-mimicking phantoms and then tested the OPE algorithm on 69 human subjects. Our data show that benign nevi and melanoma can be differentiated with 97% sensitivity and 98% specificity. These findings suggest that the adoption of OPE algorithm in the clinic can lead to improvements in melanoma diagnosis and patient experience.

Significance:

This study describes a noninvasive, safe, simple-to-implement, and accurate method for the detection and differentiation of malignant melanoma versus benign nevi.
Tissue 2-Hydroxyglutarate as a Biomarker for Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutations in Gliomas
Authors: Sim Hao-Wen , Nejad Romina , Zhang Wenjiang , Nassiri Farshad , Mason Warren , Aldape Kenneth D. , Zadeh Gelareh , Chen Eric X.
Published: February 2019

Purpose:

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations are common in low-grade gliomas and the IDH mutation status is now integrated into the WHO classification of gliomas. IDH mutations lead to preferential accumulation of the R- relative to the S-enantiomer of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). We investigated the utility of tissue total 2-HG, R-2-HG, and the R-2-HG/S-2-HG ratio (rRS) as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for IDH mutations in gliomas.

Experimental Design: Glioma tissue and blood samples from 87 patients were analyzed with HPLC-MS/MS coupled with a CHIROBIOTIC column to quantify both enantiomers of 2-HG. ROC analysis was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of 2-HG, R-2-HG, and rRS. The feasibility of real-time determination of IDH status was evaluated in 11 patients intraoperatively. The prognostic value of rRS was evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results:

The rRS in glioma tissues clearly distinguished patients with IDH-mutant versus wild-type tumors (P < 0.001). Sensitivity and specificity using an rRS cut-off value of 32.26 were 97% and 100%, respectively. None of total 2-HG, R-2-HG, or rRS was elevated in serum samples. Among patients with IDH-mutant tumors, tissue rRS stratifies overall survival. The duration of tissue analysis is approximately 60 minutes.

Conclusions:

Our study demonstrates that rRS is a reliable biomarker of IDH mutation status. This technique can be used to determine IDH mutation status intraoperatively, and to guide treatment decisions based on IDH mutation status in real time. Finally, rRS values may provide additional prognostic information and further validation is required.
MCL1 and DEDD Promote Urothelial Carcinoma Progression
Authors: Hong Andrew L. , Guerriero Jennifer L. , Doshi Mihir B. , Kynnap Bryan D. , Kim Won Jun , Schinzel Anna C. , Modiste Rebecca , Schlauch Amy J. , Adam Rosalyn M. , Kwiatkowski David J. , Beroukhim Rameen , Letai Anthony , Rosenberg Jonathan E. , Hahn William C.
Published: February 2019

Focal amplification of chromosome 1q23.3 in patients with advanced primary or relapsed urothelial carcinomas is associated with poor survival. We interrogated chromosome 1q23.3 and the nearby focal amplicon 1q21.3, as both are associated with increased lymph node disease in patients with urothelial carcinoma. Specifically, we assessed whether the oncogene MCL1 that resides in 1q21.3 and the genes that reside in the 1q23.3 amplicon were required for the proliferation or survival of urothelial carcinoma. We observed that suppressing MCL1 or the death effector domain–containing protein (DEDD) in the cells that harbor amplifications of 1q21.3 or 1q23.3, respectively, inhibited cell proliferation. We also found that overexpression of MCL1 or DEDD increased anchorage independence growth in vitro and increased experimental metastasis in vivo in the nonamplified urothelial carcinoma cell line, RT112. The expression of MCL1 confers resistance to a range of apoptosis inducers, while the expression of DEDD led to resistance to TNFα-induced apoptosis. These observations identify MCL1 and DEDD as genes that contribute to aggressive urothelial carcinoma.

Implications:

These studies identify MCL1 and DEDD as genes that contribute to aggressive urothelial carcinomas.
АНАЛІЗ МІСЦЕВИХ ТА ЗАГАЛЬНИХ УСКЛАДНЕНЬ ПРИ ЛІКУВАННІ ПЕРВИННИХ ТА ПІСЛЯОПЕРАЦІЙНИХ ВЕНТРАЛЬНИХ ГРИЖ ЗА ПЕРІОД 2001–2017 РР.
Authors: Piatnochka V. I. , Dziubanovskyi I. Ya. , Prodan A. M.
Published: February 2019

Упровадження в хірургічну практику сучасних методів та алопластичних матеріалів значно покращило результати хірургічного лікування хворих на вентральну та післяопераційну вентральну грижу. Проте імплантація синтетичного матеріалу в тканини передньої черевної стінки не позбавлена недоліків при їх застосуванні, так як супроводжується різною місцевою реакцією тканин, особливо при імплантації “важких” сіток, що призводить до розвитку ускладнень, частота яких становить від 7,9 до 49,2 %. Аналіз отриманих результатів зумовлює актуальність даного дослідження.

Мета дослідження – проаналізувати та оцінити основні причини виникнення місцевих та загальних ускладнень при лікуванні хворих на первинні та післяопераційні вентральні грижі.

Матеріали і методи. Сформовано два періоди дослідження із числа 1419 оперованих: з 2001 р. до 2009 р. 597 (42,07 %) пацієнтів – група порівняння та з 2010 р. до 2017 р. 822 (57,93 %) особи – основна група. У групі порівняння осіб із первинною вентральною грижею було 286 (47,91 %), а в основній групі з первинними грижами – 344 (41,85 %); з післяопераційними в групі порівняння – 311 (52,09 %) осіб, а в основній – 478 (58,15 %).

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. З усіх 1419 оперованих пацієнтів місцеві ранні післяопераційні ускладнення діагностовано у 522 (36,78 %) осіб. Загальні ранні ускладнення ми встановили у 76 (5,36 %) пацієнтів. У групі порівняння місцеві ускладнення мали місце у 311 (52,09 %) хворих, а в основній групі – у 211 (25,67 %) осіб. Така ж тенденція була при розподілі загальних ускладнень: 53 (8,88 %) та 23 (2,79 %) відповідно. Серому ми спостерігали у 124 (23,75 %), інфільтрати – у 156 (28,88 %), гематому – в 102 (19,54 %), нагноєння – у 34 (6,51 %), тривалу лімфорею – в 65 (12,45 %) пацієнтів. Загальні ускладнення серед 1419 хворих обох груп діагностовано у 76 (5,35 %) осіб. У групі порівняння їх було 53 (8,87 %) випадків, в основній групі – 23 (2,79 %). Серед пізніх місцевих ускладнень найчастіше спостерігали лігатурні нориці, особливо в період 2001–2009 рр. – 27 (4,52 %). В основній групі дане ускладнення виявлено лише у 3 (0,36 %) пацієнтів. Відторгнення поліпропіленової сітки (ППС) було у 15 (2,51 %) випадків. Під час клінічного дослідження мешома виникла в 10 (1,67 %) осіб групи порівняння та у 7 (0,85 %) – основної групи, міграцію сітки виявили у 9 (1,0 %) та 5 (0,61 %) осіб групи порівняння та основної групи. У 250 (17,62 %) пацієнтів після різних типів операційних втручань розвинувся рецидив грижі.

Висновки. Впровадження сучасних та удосконалення існуючих способів хірургічного лікування хворих на первинні та післяопераційні вентральні грижі зменшило кількість ранніх місцевих та загальних, а також пізніх ускладнень майже в 2 рази.
ЗМІНИ КОГНІТИВНОЇ СФЕРИ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ У ВІДНОВНОМУ ТА РЕЗИДУАЛЬНОМУ ПЕРІОДАХ АНЕВРИЗМАЛЬНОГО СУБАРАХНОЇДАЛЬНОГО КРОВОВИЛИВУ
Authors: Duve K. V. , Mishchenko T. S. , Shkrobot S. I.
Published: February 2019

Аневризмальний субарахноїдальний крововилив (аСАК) характеризується високою летальністю (від 32 до 67 %), значною частотою неврологічних ускладнень, суттєвою інвалідністю пацієнтів та зниженням якості життя. Статистичні дані свідчать, що зміни у когнітивній сфері хворих після перенесеного аСАК поглиблюються при наявності у них депресії, тривоги та порушення сну.

Мета дослідження – оцінити зміни когнітивної сфери пацієнтів, які перенесли аСАК залежно від віку, статі, тяжкості крововиливу в гострому періоді (шкала Hunt-Hess), клініко-анатомічної форми перенесеного крововиливу, локалізації аневризми та методу її оперативного виключення.

Матеріали і методи. Обстежено 114 пацієнтів у віці від 22 до 59 років, з них – 74 чоловіки та 40 жінок. Оцінку когнітивного функціонування проводили з використанням Монреальського Когнітивного Тесту (MoCA). Ступінь функціонального відновлення та інвалідизації визначали відповідно до модифікованої шкали Ренкіна. Для оцінки активності повсякденної життєдіяльності використовували індекс Бартела. Стан психоемоційної сфери оцінювали, застосовуючи Госпітальну шкалу тривожності й депресії (HADS).

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Когнітивні розлади різного ступеня вираження було виявлено у 85,96 %: легке когнітивне зниження – у 43,86 %, помірне – в 23,69 %, деменцію – 18,42 %. З-поміж усіх рубрик шкали найбільших змін зазнали функції зорово-конструктивних навичок, мови та пам’яті. Пацієнти, у яких діагностували депресію, демонстрували нижчі показники шкали MoCA (r=-0,325; p=0,001). Встановлено кореляційну залежність між результатом MoCA-тесту та ступенем тяжкості у гострому періоді (за шкалою Hunt-Hess) – (r=-0,310; p=0,001), а також індексом Бартела – (r=0,305; p=0,001). Не було встановлено достовірної різниці у результатах MoCA-тесту в групах пацієнтів, яких поділили за віком, статтю, локалізацією аневризми та методом її оперативного виключення. Проте відмічено достовірно (p<0,01) нижчі показники MoCA-тесту в пацієнтів із субарахноїдально-паренхіматозно-вентрикулярним крововиливом ((19,09±1,83) бала), порівняно з групою хворих, які перенесли субарахноїдальний крововилив ((22,84±0,43) бала).

Висновки. Середній бал за шкалою MoCA становив (21,71±0,37) бала, що відповідає помірному когнітивному зниженню. Згідно з отриманими даними з-поміж усіх рубрик найбільших змін зазнали функції зорово-конструктивних навичок, мови та пам’яті (p<0,05).
ІНТРАСИНДРОМАЛЬНА ФЕНОМЕНОЛОГІЯ ЕНДОГЕННИХ ДЕПРЕСИВНИХ РОЗЛАДІВ В АСПЕКТІ КЛІНІЧНОГО ПАТОМОРФОЗУ
Authors: Belov O. O. , Pshuk N. G.
Published: February 2019

Проблема феноменологічного патоморфозу депресивних розладів є однією з актуальних проблем сучасної клінічної психіатрії.

Мета дослідження – вивчити особливості клінічного патоморфозу депресивних розладів ендогенного генезу в порівняльному аспекті.

Матеріали і методи. Вивчено медичну документацію 236 пацієнтів із ендогенними депресивними розладами, які зверталися за медичною допомогою у 1971–1995 рр., і клінічно обстежено 189 осіб із депресивними розладами ендогенного генезу, що зверталися за медичною допомогою у 2015–2018 рр.

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Встановлено, що клінічний патоморфоз депресивних розладів на сучасному етапі характеризується збільшенням поширеності астенічної симптоматики (79,9 % проти 67,4 %, р<0,01), нездатності концентруватися і приймати рішення (71,4 % проти 61,0 %, р<0,05), тривожної симптоматики (81,0 % проти 73,7 %, р<0,05), песимізму (80,4 % проти 79,2 %, р<0,05), суїцидальних думок (70,4 % проти 60,2 %, р<0,05), гастроінтестинальної симптоматики (60,3 % проти 51,7 %, р<0,05), інсомнічних проявів (93,1 % проти 81,8 %, р<0,01), зменшенням проявів ангедонії (76,2 % проти 84,3 %, р<0,05) і заниженої самооцінки (80,5 % проти 73,0 %, р<0,05). Виявлено, що інтрасиндромологічна структура депресивних розладів на сучасному етапі характеризується зменшенням поширеності вітальної депресії (з 56,8 % до 42,9 %, р<0,05) та анестетичної депресії (з 25,8 % до 18,0 %, р<0,05) при збільшенні поширеності апатичних депресій (24,3 % проти 17,4 %, р<0,05), наявністю тривожно-фобічних та іпохондричних включень (56,1 % проти 47,5 %, р<0,05), інсомнічних порушень у вигляді пресомнічних, інтрасомнічних, постсомнічних проявів із переважанням останніх (93,1 % проти 81,8 %, р<0,01), вегето-соматичних розладів та соматизованих проявів у вигляді гетерогенних поліморфних сенестопатій (77,8 % проти 68,2 %, р<0,05), сенесто-алгічного синдрому (11,6 % проти 6,4 %, р<0,05), а також астенічної депресії (79,9 % проти 66,9 %, р<0,01), ажитованої депресії (38,6 % проти 30,1 %, р<0,05) та депресії зі стрибками ідей (28,0 % проти 20,8 %, р<0,05).

Висновки. Основою сучасного клінічного патоморфозу депресивних розладів є зміни інтрасиндромальної структури через переважання апатичних та тривожних депресій при зменшенні вітальних та анестетичних її форм. Вивчення сумарної констеляції симптомів дисомнічного регістру демонструє переважання постсомнічних проявів із домінуванням обсесивно-фобічних роздумів та ідей меншовартості. Виявлені закономірності патоморфозу повинні враховуватися при розробці диференційованих лікувальних, реабілітаційних та профілактичних заходів.
КОМПЛЕКСНА ТЕРАПІЯ У ЖІНОК З ЕНДОМЕТРІОЗАСОЦІЙОВАНИМ БЕЗПЛІДДЯМ У ПРОГРАМАХ ДОПОМІЖНИХ РЕПРОДУКТИВНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ
Authors: Khmil S. V. , Kulyk I. I. , Mykula R. P.
Published: February 2019

Ендометріоз – дисгормональне, імунозалежне захворювання, що характеризується доброякісним, вогнищевим розростанням тканини з наявними епітеліальними і стромальними елементами, які властиві ендометрію в міометрії чи інших органах статевої системи і поза нею. Основними клінічними проявами даного захворювання є персистуючий біль та  у 25–50 % жінок – безпліддя.

Мета дослідження – удосконалити метод лікування ендометріозасоційованого безпліддя у програмах допоміжних репродуктивних технологій (ДРТ) із використанням препаратів,  що покращують якість яйцеклітин.

Матеріали і методи. В дослідженні взяли участь 94 жінки репродуктивного віку  з безпліддям та гістологічно підтвердженим діаг­нозом генітального ендометріозу. Середній вік обстежених жінок з ендометріозасоційованим безпліддям становив (31,9±2,7) року. Середня маса тіла складала (72,2±3,4) кг. Тривалість безпліддя серед обстежених пацієнток була від 3 до 10 років при середньому значенні (6,2±1,4) року. Первинне безпліддя виявлено у 63 пацієнток із 94 (67 %), вторинне – у 31 пацієнтки (33 %). Алгоритм ведення пацієнток із безпліддям виконували відповідно до наказів МОЗ України № 787 від 09.09.2013 р. “Про затвердження порядку застосування допоміжних репродуктивних технологій в Україні”. Перед програмою ДРТ було про­ведено збір даних щодо попереднього обстеження та лікування подружніх пар із подальшим обов’язковим стандартним протоколом обстеження (ОСПО).

Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. У статті показано ефективність комплексної терапії препаратами “FT 500 plus” та “Олігодетрим” у жінок із безпліддям на тлі генітального ендометріозу перед проведенням контрольованої оваріальної стимуляції. Пацієнток додатково поділили на групи залежно від проведених оперативних втручань. Стимуляцію здійснювали за допомогою стандартного “довгого” протоколу з а-ГнРГ і використанням тригера хоріонічного гонадотропіну людини (ХГЛ).

Оцінку ефективності якості лікування проводили за такими показниками:  сумарна доза рекомбінантного фолікулостимулюючого гормону (р-ФСГ), тривалість стимуляції, кількість фолікулів діаметром більше 17 мм на момент введення тригера фінального дозрівання фолікулів,  сумарний коефіцієнт ефективності отриманих ооциткумулюсних комплексів при трансвагінальній пункції (ТВП), ступінь зрілості ооцитів, частоту дегенеративних змін в яйцеклітинах, відсоток запліднення, дроблення ембріонів, вихід бластоцист.

Висновки. Застосування модифікованих схем контрольованої овуляторної стимуляції (КОС) з ад’ювантною терапією  із метою корекції оксидативних порушень дозволяє  покращити загальну відповідь яєчників на стимуляцію, підвищити кількість ооцитів, ступінь їх зрілості та якості, коефіцієнт запліднення та вихід бластоцист у хворих із безпліддям на тлі генітального ендометріозу.
Rural-Urban Differences in Stroke Risk Factors, Incidence, and Mortality in People With and Without Prior Stroke
Authors: Kapral Moira K. , Austin Peter C. , Jeyakumar Geerthana , Hall Ruth , Chu Anna , Khan Anam M. , Jin Albert Y. , Martin Cally , Manuel Doug , Silver Frank L. , Swartz Richard H. , Tu Jack V.
Published: February 2019

Background:

Rural residence is associated with stroke incidence and mortality, but little is known about potential rural/urban differences in ambulatory stroke care.

Methods and Results:

We used the CANHEART (Cardiovascular Health in Ambulatory Care Research Team) cohort, created from linked administrative databases from the province of Ontario, Canada, and divided into primary (N=6 207 032) and secondary (N=75 823) prevention cohorts based on the absence or presence of prior stroke. We defined rural communities as those with a population size of ≤10 000 and within each of the primary and secondary prevention cohorts, compared cardiovascular risk factors and care between rural and urban areas. We then calculated sex-/age-standardized rates of stroke incidence and mortality per 1000 person-years between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2012 and used cause-specific hazard models to compare outcomes in rural versus urban areas adjusting for age, sex, income, ethnicity, smoking, physical activity and comorbid conditions, and accounting for the competing risk of death in the model for the occurrence of stroke incidence. In the primary prevention cohort, rural residents were less likely than urban ones to be screened for diabetes mellitus (70.9% versus 81.3%) and hyperlipidemia (66.2% versus 78.4%) and less likely to achieve diabetes mellitus control (hemoglobin A1c ≤7% in 51.3% versus 54.3%;
P
<0.001 for all comparisons). In the secondary prevention cohort, the prevalence and treatment of risk factors were similar in rural and urban residents. After adjustment for sociodemographic and comorbid conditions, rural residence was associated with higher rates of stroke and all-cause mortality in both the primary prevention (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] for stroke, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.04–1.09; aHR for mortality, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.08–1.10) and the secondary prevention cohort (aHR for stroke, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02–1.19; aHR for mortality, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.03–1.11).

Conclusions:

In this population-based study of over 6 million people with universal access to physician and hospital services, risk factors were more prevalent but less likely to be controlled in rural than in urban residents without prior stroke, whereas in those with prior stroke, risk factor prevalence and treatment were similar. Rural residence was associated with the rate of stroke and death even after adjustment for risk factors. Future efforts should focus not only on control of known vascular risk factors but also on addressing other determinants of health in rural communities.
MG53, A Novel Regulator of KChIP2 and
I
to,f
, Plays a Critical Role in Electrophysiological Remodeling in Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: Liu Wenjuan , Wang Gang , Zhang Cuicui , Ding Wenwen , Cheng Wanwen , Luo Yizhi , Wei Chaoliang , Liu Jie
Published: February 2019

Background:

KChIP2 (K
+
channel interacting protein) is the auxiliary subunit of the fast transient outward K
+
current (
I
to,f
) in the heart, and insufficient KChIP2 expression induces
I
to,f
downregulation and arrhythmogenesis in cardiac hypertrophy. Studies have shown muscle-specific mitsugumin 53 (MG53) has promiscuity of function in the context of normal and diseased heart. This study investigates the possible roles of cardiac MG53 in regulation of KChIP2 expression and
I
to,f
, and the arrhythmogenic potential in hypertrophy.

Methods:

MG53 expression is manipulated by genetic ablation of MG53 in mice and adenoviral overexpression or knockdown of MG53 by RNA interference in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is produced by phenylephrine stimulation in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes, and pressure overload-induced mouse cardiac hypertrophy is produced by transverse aortic constriction.

Results:

KChIP2 expression and
I
to,f
density are downregulated in hearts from MG53-knockout mice and MG53-knockdown neonatal rat ventricular myocytes, but upregulated in MG53-overexpressing cells. In phenylephrine-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, MG53 expression is reduced with concomitant downregulation of KChIP2 and
I
to,f
, which can be reversed by MG53 overexpression, but exaggerated by MG53 knockdown. MG53 knockout enhances
I
to,f
remodeling and action potential duration prolongation and increases susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmia in mouse cardiac hypertrophy. Mechanistically, MG53 regulates NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) activity and subsequently controls KChIP2 transcription. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrates NF-κB protein has interaction with KChIP2 gene. MG53 overexpression decreases, whereas MG53 knockdown increases NF-κB enrichment at the 5’ regulatory region of KChIP2 gene. Normalizing NF-κB activity reverses the alterations in KChIP2 in MG53-overexpressing or knockdown cells. Coimmunoprecipitation and Western blotting assays demonstrate MG53 has physical interaction with TAK1 (transforming growth factor-b [TGFb]-activated kinase 1) and IκBα (nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha), critical components of the NF-κB pathway.

Conclusions:

These findings establish MG53 as a novel regulator of KChIP2 and
I
to,f
by modulating NF-κB activity and reveal its critical role in electrophysiological remodeling in cardiac hypertrophy.
Inhibition of S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase Induces Endothelial Dysfunction via Epigenetic Regulation of p66shc-Mediated Oxidative Stress Pathway
Authors: Xiao Yunjun , Xia Junjie , Cheng Jinquan , Huang Haiyan , Zhou Yani , Yang Xifei , Su Xuefen , Ke Yuebin , Ling Wenhua
Published: February 2019

Background:

Elevated levels of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), the precursor of homocysteine, are positively associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease and with the development and progression of atherosclerosis. However, the role of SAH in endothelial dysfunction is unclear.

Methods:

Apolipoprotein E–deficient (
apoE
−/
−
) mice received dietary supplementation with the SAH hydrolase (SAHH) inhibitor adenosine dialdehyde or were intravenously injected with a retrovirus expressing SAHH shRNA. These 2 approaches, along with the heterozygous
SAHH
gene knockout (
SAHH
+/−
) mouse model, were used to elevate plasma SAH levels and to examine the role of SAH in aortic endothelial dysfunction. The relationship between plasma SAH levels and endothelial dysfunction was also investigated in human patients with coronary artery disease and healthy control subjects.

Results:

Plasma SAH levels were increased in
SAHH
+/−
mice and in
apoE
−/
−
mice after dietary administration of adenosine dialdehyde or intravenous injection with SAHH shRNA.
SAHH
+/−
mice or
apoE
−/
−
mice with SAHH inhibition showed impaired endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation and decreased nitric oxide bioavailability after treatment with acetylcholine; this was completely abolished by the administration of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibitor
N
G
-nitro-
l
-arginine methyl ester. Furthermore, SAHH inhibition induced production of reactive oxygen species and p66shc expression in the mouse aorta and human aortic endothelial cells. Antioxidants and p66shc siRNA prevented SAHH inhibition–induced generation of reactive oxygen species and attenuated the impaired endothelial vasomotor responses in high-SAH mice. Moreover, inhibition of SAHH induced hypomethylation in the
p66shc
gene promoter and inhibited expression of DNA methyltransferase 1. Overexpression of DNA methyltransferase 1, induced by transduction of an adenovirus, was sufficient to abrogate SAHH inhibition–induced upregulation of p66shc expression. Finally, plasma SAH levels were inversely associated with flow-mediated dilation and hypomethylation of the
p66shc
gene promoter and positively associated with oxidative stress levels in patients with coronary artery disease and healthy control subjects.

Conclusions:

Our findings indicate that inhibition of SAHH results in elevated plasma SAH levels and induces endothelial dysfunction via epigenetic upregulation of the p66shc-mediated oxidative stress pathway. Our study provides novel molecular insight into mechanisms of SAH-associated endothelial injury that may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT03345927.
Elevated Plasma Ceramides Are Associated With Antiretroviral Therapy Use and Progression of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in HIV Infection
Authors: Zhao Wei , Wang Xueyin , Deik Amy A. , Hanna David B. , Wang Tao , Haberlen Sabina A. , Shah Sanjiv J. , Lazar Jason M. , Hodis Howard N. , Landay Alan L. , Yu Bing , Gustafson Deborah , Anastos Kathryn , Post Wendy S. , Clish Clary B. , Kaplan Robert C. , Qi Qibin
Published: February 2019

Background:

Ceramides have been implicated in the pathophysiology of HIV infection and cardiovascular disease. However, no study, to our knowledge, has evaluated circulating ceramide levels in association with subclinical cardiovascular disease risk among HIV-infected individuals.

Methods:

Plasma levels of 4 ceramide species (C16:0, C22:0, C24:0, and C24:1) were measured among 398 women (73% HIV+) and 339 men (68% HIV+) without carotid artery plaques at baseline from the Women’s Interagency HIV Study and the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. We examined associations between baseline plasma ceramides and risk of carotid artery plaque formation, assessed by repeated B-mode carotid artery ultrasound imaging over a median 7-year follow-up.

Results:

Plasma levels of C16:0, C22:0, and C24:1 ceramides were significantly higher in HIV-infected individuals compared with those without HIV infection (all
P
<0.001), and further analysis indicated that elevated ceramide levels were associated with antiretroviral therapy use, particularly protease inhibitor use, in HIV-infected individuals (all
P
<0.001). All 4 ceramides were highly correlated with each other (
r
=0.70–0.94; all
P
<0.001) and significantly correlated with total-cholesterol (
r
=0.42–0.58; all
P
<0.001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (
r
=0.24–0.42; all
P
<0.001) levels. Of note, C16:0 and C24:1 ceramides, rather than C22:0 and C24:0 ceramides, were more closely correlated with specific monocyte activation and inflammation markers (eg,
r
=0.30 between C16:0 ceramide and soluble CD14;
P
<0.001) and surface markers of CD4
+
T-cell activation. A total of 112 participants developed carotid artery plaques over 7 years, and higher levels of C16:0 and C24:1 ceramides were significantly associated with increased risk of carotid artery plaques (relative risk [95% CI]=1.55 [1.29, 1.86] and 1.51 [1.26, 1.82] per standard deviation increment, respectively; both
P
<0.001), after adjusting for demographic and behavioral factors. After further adjustment for cardiovascular disease risk factors and immune activation markers, these associations were attenuated but remained significant. The results were consistent between men and women and between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected participants.

Conclusions:

In 2 HIV cohorts, elevated plasma levels of C16:0 and C24:1 ceramides, correlating with immune activation and inflammation, were associated with antiretroviral therapy use and progression of carotid artery atherosclerosis.
Revisions in Nepenthes following explorations of the Kemul Massif and the surrounding region in north-central Kalimantan, Borneo
Authors: ROBINSON ALASTAIR S. , GOLOS MICHAL R. , BARER MARC , SANO YOSUKE , FORGIE JENNIFER J. , GARRIDO DIEGO , GORMAN CHANDLER N. , LUICK ADI O. , MCINTOSH NICK W.R. , MCPHERSON STEWART R. , PALENA GREGORY J. , PANČO IVAN , QUINN BRIAN D. , SHEA JEFF
Published: February 2019

An expedition to the highest peak of the Kemul Massif located a number of different Nepenthes taxa, including the type populations of N. fusca Danser and N. mollis Danser (Nepenthaceae), neither of which have been observed in situ since they were first collected from Kemul in 1925. Studies of the type form of N. fusca show that N. fusca s.lat. includes two other species, one largely restricted to Sabah’s Crocker range, here reinstated as N. zakriana (J.H.Adam & Wilcock) J.H.Adam & Hafiza, and a more southerly distributed species from Brunei, Sarawak and Kalimantan, named here as N. dactylifera A.S.Rob, Golos & Barer. Analysis of the type population of N. mollis indicates that N. hurrelliana Cheek & A.L.Lamb is a heterotypic synonym of N. mollis, and reveals an additional undescribed Nepenthes species from Sarawak and Kalimantan with a widespread but highly localised range.
Revision of the fishfly genus Platychauliodes Esben-Petersen (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) endemic to South Africa
Authors: LIU XINGYUE , PRICE BEN W. , HAYASHI FUMIO , YANG DING
Published: February 2019

The genus Platychauliodes Esben-Petersen is a group of fishflies endemic to South Africa. The group has not received attention in over 40 years. All three species of Platychauliodes are redescribed in detail and a key to the adults presented. Chauliodes tenuis McLachlan, 1869 and Platychauliodes woodi Barnard, 1931 are treated as junior synonyms of P. pusillus (McLachlan, 1867).
A new species of Stenomorpha Solier (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pimeliinae: Asidini) from Cuatrociénegas, Mexico with a key to the furcata species group
Authors: SMITH AARON D. , MILLER KELLY B. , WHEELER QUENTIN D.
Published: February 2019

A new species, Stenomorpha roosevelti Smith, Miller, and Wheeler, n. sp., is described from the Cuatrociénegas Protected Area in Coahuila, Mexico. Three related species are transferred into Stenomorpha, producing the following new combi- nations: Stenomorpha furcata (Champion), Stenomorpha wickhami (Horn), and Stenomorpha granicollis (Blaisdell). A new informal group, the furcata species group, comprised of these four species is recognized within Stenomorpha. Diagnoses of the group and its species are provided, along with distribution data and a key to the species.
A taxonomic discussion of the genus Phalacrotophora Enderlein, 1912 (Diptera: Phoridae), with the description of two new species from Southeast Asia
Authors: LENGYEL GÁBOR DÁNIEL
Published: February 2019

Two new species of Phalacrotophora Enderlein, 1912, P. nitida sp. n. and P. pappi sp. n. are described from Southeast Asia. Their affinities are discussed, the present knowledge on the genus is summarized. Faunistic records of various Phalacrotophora species are presented; P. fasciata (Fallén, 1823), so far only known from Europe, is reported from Asia for the first time.
Chironomidae from Gough, Nightingale and Tristan da Cunha islands
Authors: SÆTHER OLE A. , ANDERSEN TROND
Published: February 2019

The resurrection of trans-oceanic dispersal is the most striking aspect of a major shift in historical biogeography toward a more even balance between vicariance and dispersal explanations. Molecular dating of lineage divergences favors oceanic dispersal over tectonic vicariance as an explanation for disjunct distributions in a wide variety of taxa. Although many oceanic islands harbor a disproportionately high biodiversity and number of endemic taxa, the chironomid fauna of the South Atlantic islands of Gough, Nightingale and Tristan da Cunha apparently consists of 6 species only: Telmatogeton goughi sp. n. (described as male and female), Limnophyes minimus (Meigen), Smittia sp. (described as female), Thalassosmittia christinae sp. n. (described as female), Clunio jonesi sp. n. (described as male) and Allocladius lusciniolus Sæther et Andersen (described as female). Except for the marine T. goughi and C. jonesi the other species are parthenogenetic. Limnophyes minimus and A. lusciniolus dominate the chironomid fauna. Telmatogeton goughi is close to T. sanctipauli (Schiner). Thalassosmittia christinae differs from T. thalassophila (Bequaert et Goetghebuer) by having hairy eyes and antenna with subapical seta. Clunio jonesi differs from C. africanus and C. gerlachi by having ultimate flagellomere as long as the 4 preceding segments and gonostylus with only 1–2 apical spines. Allocladius lusciniolus differs from other known females of the genus by having 1–5 setae apically on M 1+2 .
Perigomphus angularis spec. nov. from central Ecuador (Odonata: Gomphidae)
Authors: TENNESSEN K. J.
Published: February 2019

Perigomphus Belle, 1972, was described as a subgenus of Diaphlebia Selys, 1854, based on a single species, P. pallidistylus Belle (1972) from Costa Rica. Belle (1972) listed a combination of features as the basis for his subgenus: pterostigma of hind wing 1/7 hind wing length, anal triangle of male hind wing 2-celled, triangles without a crossvein, top of head round and without a row of setae, and branches of epiproct widely divaricate. In the species description he stated that the longest spines on the hind femora of the male were nearly the diameter of the femur. The status of Perigomphus and a related taxon, Desmogomphus Williamson, 1920, which was also included as a subgenus of Diaphlebia, remained poorly known for nearly two decades. Belle (1988), based on information from Dr. Minter J. Westfall, Jr., recognized Perigomphus and Desmogomphus as genera distinct from Diaphlebia. Westfall (1989) described the larvae of Perigomphus pallidistylus and Desmogomphus paucinervis and the adult female of P. pallidistylus. He had reared these species in 1979 and came to the conclusion that both subgenera deserved to be elevated to generic rank. Later, Belle (1996) placed Perigomphus in the subfamily Octogomphinae, whereas Desmogomphus and Diaphlebia were placed in the Gomphoidinae. Perigomphus pallidistylus is a rarely seen Neotropical species that ranges from northern Costa Rica to southern Panama (Garrison et al. 2006). Belle (1996) speculated that the genus “possibly occurs” in Colombia and Ecuador. I discovered a second species of Perigomphus in the Amazon headwaters of central Ecuador, partly verifying Belle’s prediction; the new species fits the generic characters for Perigomphus given in the key to Gomphidae in Garrison et al. (2006).
A new species of Aphelocheirus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Aphelocheiridae) from southern India
Authors: SITES ROBERT W. , ARUNACHALAM M. , SUNDAR S.
Published: February 2019

A new species of Aphelocheirus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Aphelocheiridae) inhabiting riffles of a stream in Kerala state in southern India is described. Aphelocheirus kaygieyess n. sp. is diagnosed by widely separated hemelytra and the pattern of dark maculation on the vertex. This species is compared to other Indian species of Aphelocheirus. Seven species of Aphelocheirus are known now from India.
A new species of the genus Apsilops Förster (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae) from Japan; parasitoid of an aquatic crambid moth
Authors: YOSHIDA TAKUMA , NAGASAKI OSAMU , HIRAYAMA TOMOKO
Published: February 2019

Apsilops japonicus n. sp. is described from Japan. This species parasitizes an aquatic crambid moth, Neoschoenobia testacealis Hampson, a petiole borer of the yellow water lily, Nuphar subintegerrimum (Casp.) Makino sensu lato. A key to the world species of Apsilops is provided.