bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paul Barton et quelques revues de la gauche antistalinienne (1948-1962)
Authors: Jacquier Charles
Published: March 2021

Cet article évoque Paul Barton et sa collaboration aux revues antitotalitaires des années 1950 à travers deux publications qui se situent en dehors du champ des périodiques pour artistes et intellectuels. Parallèlement à sa collaboration à Preuves , Le Contrat social ou Saturne , ce dernier fonde et anime, de 1951 à 1954, Masses-Information , modeste bulletin ronéoté sur la Tchécoslovaquie qui aborde à travers articles inédits et traductions les principaux aspects économiques, politiques et sociaux de la « démocratie populaire ». La seconde, La Révolution prolétarienne , est, depuis 1925, une revue syndicaliste révolutionnaire opposée au stalinisme. Barton y apporte son analyse des luttes de classes sous la « démocratie populaire » et des perspectives de la révolution antitotalitaire après l’insurrection hongroise de 1956. L’article s’interroge enfin sur les raisons possibles de l’oubli qui frappe cet auteur et ces revues jusqu’à aujourd’hui.
La Cour de cassation et les juridictions coloniales avant l’abolition de l’esclavage
Authors: Jean Jean-Paul
Published: March 2021

Le droit relatif à l’esclavage sur le territoire national est marqué par une grande continuité historique, symbolisée par la maxime «  Nul n’est esclave en France.  » Ce principe édicté en 1315 par Louis X « Le Hutin » a été réaffirmé par la Cour de cassation en 1835 dans l’affaire Furcy. Le rôle de la Cour de cassation a été important dans le processus d’abolition, sur une période courte mais décisive, de 1828, date à laquelle l’autorité de la Cour de cassation s’étend aux territoires des colonies, jusqu’à l’abolition en 1848. Sa jurisprudence, qualifiée de «  révolutionnaire  » par rapport aux juridictions coloniales, révèle surtout le fossé qui existe entre les abolitionnistes en métropole et les colons propriétaires d’esclaves qui refusent toute émancipation. La Cour de cassation, sur une période de vingt ans, a clairement accompagné et renforcé, grâce à des juristes issus de l’esprit des Lumières, un mouvement international inéluctable vers l’abolition.
Aimé Césaire et l’esclavage. La littérature comme puissance réparatrice
Authors: Bendjebbar André
Published: March 2021

L’immense œuvre politique et poétique d’Aimé Césaire ne se laisse pas facilement circonscrire. Le poète était conscient que tout était dans sa poésie, mais que le lecteur devait en trouver les clés. Les clés trouvées, il apparaît que l’esclavage était pour lui, outre un florilège de mots, une concentration historique que rien ne pourrait jamais effacer, une histoire dont il fut un témoin vivant et l’acteur d’une mémoire. Aimé Césaire était trop engagé dans la cité pour ignorer l’œuvre des siècles et les malheurs du monde. Il aborde l’esclavage en historien comparatif : la lutte des classes et la lutte des races appartiennent-elles au même ordre ? Les crimes contre l’humanité, esclavage et Shoah, sont-ils de nature identique ? Peut-on réparer le monde ? Si oui, comment distinguer réparation et réparations ?
On a lu pour vous – L’entreprise nouvelle génération
Authors: Jézéquel Myriam
Published: March 2021

Deux cent cinquante gestionnaires, 200 entreprises, 30 pays : un tour du monde des bonnes pratiques de ceux qui transforment le management, adoptent de nouvelles philosophies du travail et expérimentent des outils révolutionnaires. Des idées-forces émergent de cette lecture rafraîchissante !
L’éthique, une question de stratégie ?
Authors: Séguin Michel
Published: March 2021

Il est plutôt rare de rencontrer des dirigeants qui ne reconnaissent pas l’importance de l’éthique en entreprise. Personne n’est contre l’éthique. Toutefois, lorsqu’il est question de consacrer des ressources à la gestion de l’éthique, celle-ci entre en concurrence avec d’autres priorités et, la plupart du temps, elle ne fait pas le poids. Pourquoi ?
Performant le matin ou le soir ?
Authors: Letarte Martine
Published: March 2021

Le monde appartient-il vraiment à ceux qui se lèvent tôt ? Pas nécessairement. Certains sont au sommet de leur forme le matin, d’autres le soir. Pour optimiser la performance des organisations, on a d’ailleurs intérêt à tenir compte du rythme circadien du personnel.
Adam's Garden or Eve's?
Authors: Afzal Ayesha , Asif Aiman
Published: March 2021

Corruption, or the misuse of public office, has become a major concern for governments in recent years. The purpose of this study is to identify how women, in an economic capacity, influence perception of corruption in a country, and how the relationship changes over time. Female empowerment movements have grown in the past decades, resulting in increased labour force participation of women. This chapter considers 167 countries from 1995 to 2018 to study the relationship. The results suggest that working women in an economy have a significant impact on reducing the perceived level of corruption, from 2007 to 2018, whereas this effect is not as strong in the earlier decade. These findings have implications for policies surrounding female employment. It is suggested that encouraging women to get higher education and become professionals can help curb the levels of corruption, especially in developing countries where corruption is widely prevalent.
Regulatory Ambiguity
Authors: Hansen Laura Pinto
Published: March 2021

Ordinarily “black money” is considered a part of illegal transactions involving cash payments. However, in the case of illegal insider trading, illegal profits are often hidden in the purchase of luxury items and financial investments through offshore accounts. Aiding in this particular white-collar crime is the ambiguity of regulation, often dependent on the political whims of whatever party is in office at the time. Adding to the confusion is the fact that in some cases, “insider traders” are acting legitimately, as in the case of senior executives with stock buying options within their compensation or with lower-level employees participating in employee stock ownership programs (ESOPs). Though there are exhaustive ways by which illegal trading information is passed around, there are certain industries, including finance, that lend themselves to greater risk for employee involvement in illegal insider trading. This chapter includes discussions of mergers and acquisitions frenzies, as well as hedge funds and their contributions to illegal insider trading.
Approaches to Detect Securities Fraud in Capital Markets
Authors: Esen M. Fevzi , Tuncalı Yaman Tutku
Published: March 2021

Financial markets are vibrant and fragile in terms of structure and mechanism and more prone to risks, failures, and exploitations than the other markets. This motivated the researchers to discuss and analyse the backstage of fraudulent activities in the capital markets. This chapter explains the main characteristics of securities markets and certain types of securities fraud which encompass a wide range of deceptive practices in capital markets. Traditional and modern approaches are reviewed which are used to detect and prevent fraudulent activities using qualitative and data-driven techniques. It is concluded that investors, market professionals, and regulators seek autonomous data mining techniques to combat securities fraud, especially stock market manipulation.
The Role of Tax Systems in Preventing Corruption
Authors: Güzel Simla
Published: March 2021

The determinants of corruption have long been an important subject for research in the fields of economics and political science. Corruption was not deemed as a significant issue in the pre-democratic era and has become a serious issue later on. Corruption can be defined as “exploitation of public power to gain private gain.” It is a problem that occurs for various reasons and causes various effects. It may occur due to the occurrence of illegal activities in the political and economic system, as well as due to social and individual moral issues. Corruption has disruptive effects on the functioning of the economic, political, and social system. The aim of this study is to determine the duties of states towards a tax system to combat financial corruption. Corruption in the tax system affects the investment environment negatively, which slows down economic growth.
Dark Web
Authors: Diodati Jason , Winterdyk John
Published: March 2021

There is a pressing need for understanding blockchain, cybercrime, and dark web-based fraud. As the world continues to turn digital, uses of cryptocurrencies are becoming mainstream. With this technological adoption becoming a reality, crime is adapting to the times. “Click here for free Bitcoin,” “set up an account and earn 100BTC instantly” are merely anecdotal examples of the ways the act of fraud is innovating. Deeper into this proliferation of technology lies the dark web, where your social security and identity may be offered for a small sum as we speak. Blockchain technology fueled dark web marketplaces' enormous growth, which facilitated identity fraud and many other cybercrimes taking place as we speak. This chapter and its authors aim to provide a thorough yet simplified explanation of these technologies while expressing current trends and theories surrounding dark web fraud trading of fraud guides and the use of social engineering. This chapter aims to explain all aspects of this area of cybercrime for all to understand.
Dark Web
Authors: Szakonyi Annamaria , Leonard Brian , Dawson Maurice
Published: March 2021

The explosion of the internet has given rise to cybercrimes, online identity theft, and fraud. With the internet, these crimes are able to occur anywhere in the world and limitless to whatever selected target. The anonymity of the internet allows criminal activity to flourish, and the number of unsuspecting victims is growing. From script kiddies to nation-states, this new method of internet-enabled crimes has strained governments. This chapter provides insight into how crimes related to online identity theft and fraud are carried out. Examined within this chapter are the evolution of cybercrime, history of identity theft, applications for internet anonymity, and discussion on effects caused by romance scams and data breaches. Finally, recommendations are provided on what organizations and individuals can do to protect themselves against these vicious crimes.
Tech-Based Enterprise Control and Audit for Financial Crimes
Authors: Trad Antoine , Nakitende Marie Goretti , Oke Tayo
Published: March 2021

Due to the global financial and societal crisis, a societal or business transformation project is important. A well-designed financial services automation process is the need of the hour. This automation process depends on measurable critical success factors (CSF) which characterize the progress and evaluation of societal or organizational transformation processes. This chapter discussed in detail the concept of an applied tech-based enterprise control and audit for financial crimes (ECAFC) framework, which is significant for the detection of financial crimes. In the context of financial crimes analysis (FCA), a strategic vision is required for the integration of financial engineering related to risk and controls. This analysis is fundamental for the enterprise's long-term business longevity and to avoid/combat state organized global financial predators (SOGFP). Moreover, the chapter also highlighted that the detection mechanisms are essential for the enterprise, in order to integrate the local and global economies in a sustainable, controlled, and iterative manner.
Stakeholder Approach for Land Reform Programme to Enhance Access and Equity
Authors: Baporikar Neeta
Published: March 2021

Globally, the land is a valuable resource. Many years of colonialism resulted in the majority of the population having no access to agricultural land especially in many African countries, and Namibia is no exception. Today, land access and equity are burning issues. Hence, adopting a qualitative research approach and data collection with a non-random purposive sample of 60 respondents' through questionnaires, interviews, and secondary data to investigate how the stakeholder approach can facilitate the effective implementation of the land reform program to enhance access and equity in Namibia. The paper examines challenges faced in implementing the land reform program, determine the level of stakeholder participation, and develop strategies based on the stakeholder approach for improved implementation of the land reform program. Findings reflect that stakeholders felt that the government is not consulting them enough and that is the reason why the land reform process has failed to enhance access and equity and is lacks the pace to the detriment of the landless majority.
BCR/ABL1 Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Fusion Signals on Both Copies of Chromosome 22 in a Philadelphia-Masked Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Case: Implication for the Therapy
Authors: Soriani Silvia , Guido Valentina , Bertani Giambattista , Cesana Clara , Motta Valentina , De Canal Gabriella , De Paoli Elena , Veronese Silvio , Bonoldi Emanuela , Romitti Lorenza
Published: March 2021

The cytogenetic hallmark of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is the presence of Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome, which results from a reciprocal translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11). In this report, we describe a CML patient with no evidence of Ph chromosome but trisomy of chromosome 8 as single cytogenetic abnormality and a typical e14a2 (b3a2) BCR-ABL1 fusion transcript. Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) analysis revealed an uncommon signal pattern: the fusion signals were located on both copies of chromosome 22. During the course of the disease the appearance of the p.(Tyr315Ile) mutation was recorded. To the best of our knowledge this is the first Ph chromosome-negative CML case with e14a2 (b3a2) BCR-ABL1 transcript and p.(Tyr315Ile) mutation.
Endothelial cell loss following toric implantable collamer lens implantation for correction of myopia and astigmatism after penetrating keratoplasty
Authors: Mossallam Ehab F.
Published: March 2021

Aim

The aim of this study was to assess the corneal endothelial cell loss after toric implantable collamer lens (TICL) implantation for correction of myopia and astigmatism after penetrating keratoplasty (PKP).

Setting and design

This is a prospective noncomparative nonrandomized clinical study that was carried out at Alex Eye Center, Alexandria, Egypt.

Patients and methods

The study was conducted on 12 eyes of eight patients who underwent PKP for keratoconus. After a full preoperative assessment, VISIAN TICL was implanted after a minimum of 1 year with stable refraction. Cases were followed up for 1 year postoperatively for refraction, visual acuity, endothelial cell density (ECD), adverse events, and postoperative complications.

Results

The refractive and visual outcome in this study proved to be satisfactory regarding efficacy, predictability, and stability. The ECD loss was reduced from a preoperative mean of 2238.6±113.3 cells/mm2 (range=2033–2367 cells/mm2) to a postoperative mean of 2124.8±107.6 cells/mm2 (range=1930–224 cells/mm2) at 6 months postoperatively, with a percentage of loss of −5.09%, and to a mean of 2023.4±109.2 cells/mm2 (range=1833–2192 cells/mm2) at 1 year postoperatively, with a percentage of loss of −9.61%. Both were statistically significant (P=0.042 and 0.0016, respectively).

Conclusion

TICLs were effective for correction of high ametropia after PKP, with high efficacy, predictability, stability, and safety. However, ECD loss was reported postoperatively up to 1 year. Further studies are required to assert upon these results.
Self-assessment of preclinical denture setup using a validated, structured, self-designed questionnaire by undergraduate students
Authors: Koralakunte Pavankumar Ravi , Shamnur Sunitha Naveen , Basavapura Nandeeshwar Doddabasavaiah , Venkatesh Usha G.
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

Our aim was to determine if students who perform well on an initial preclinical examination are more accurate on self-assessments with successive examination.

Materials and Methods:

This was an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional survey. Ninety-one 2nd year dental students completed two consecutive preclinical examinations on ideal teeth arrangement and two self-assessments. Self-assessment was done using a validated, structured, self-designed questionnaire named “prosthetic denture setup–self assessment questionnaire.” The examinations involved artificial teeth arrangement in Class I jaw relation on maxillary and mandibular ideal edentulous casts mounted on a mean value articulator simulating the clinical procedure of a complete denture patient. Students' and their instructor's assessments were evaluated separately, and statistical results were obtained using t-test and Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient test. Regression analysis was done to predict the student self-assessment and validated self-assessment scores on examination outcomes for both indexed and nonindexed values.

Results:

The results indicated a significant increase in the examination and student self-assessment mean scores. Regression analysis indicated changes in student self-assessment scores, explained 11.9% of the variation in examination scores.

Conclusion:

Improvement in student self-assessment also showed improvement in successive examination assessments among dental students completing a preclinical denture setup procedure.

The following core competencies are addressed in this article:

Medical knowledge, Practice-based learning and improvement, Systems-based practice.
De-emphasizing time-based training in the delivery of competency-based medical education for undergraduates in India
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh
Published: March 2021

In the conventional medical curriculum in India, the duration of medical graduation is 4.5 years, excluding internship. The limitation of time-based advancement can be understood in two ways, either a student is sent to next professional year without attainment of the desired course outcomes or that students spend unnecessary time in a specific professional even after gaining the required outcomes. Acknowledging these limitations and also after realizing the multiple benefits attributed to Competency Based Medical Education (CBME), the same has been implemented in the Indian set-up for undergraduate courses from 2019 batch onwards. In general, CBME advocates against time-based training, especially because not every student can learn at an identical pace. However, adoption of the same strategy (time-variable) in imparting medical education has its own challenges. In India, even though, in principle, we have adopted all principles of CBME, except the time-variability of the course. However, now the same question arises, if all students learn at varying pace, how can we ensure that within a specified time duration, all the students will attain the desired outcomes? Even though, the task at hand is difficult, it can be accomplished, if we all work together in a planned and coordinated manner. In the mission to produce a competent medical graduate within a defined time interval, there is an immense need for better planning, support from administration, active participation of faculty members, involvement of the students, and better collaboration between departments.
Unmasking the impact of m-learning on medical undergraduates
Authors: Sharma Preksha , Sharma Neha , Sharma Neeru , Sharma Dhruva
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

Newer m-learning devices have become an integral part of medical education. Documentation of impact of these m-learning devices on medical education is still conflicting. The objective of the study was to determine the impact of m-learning on medical undergraduates.

Materials and Methods:

After obtaining Institutional Ethics Committee approval, this descriptive type of cross-sectional study was carried out among first to fifth semester MBBS undergraduates at a tertiary care teaching hospital. A 31 item prevalidated questionnaire was distributed among respondents and responses were evaluated.

Results:

Two hundred and sixty-six completely filled responses were obtained. Male preponderance was seen. Most of the students spent 2–4 h on mobile phones. 54.51% students had knowledge regarding m-learning. 79.8 students had medical apps on their electronic portable devices. There has been an improvement in the communication skills among respondents due to m-learning. Some disadvantages were also documented in our study which includes distraction from studies and use of other applications.

Conclusion:

The awareness about change in the pattern of learning among medical students from “bench-side” to “web-site” is the need of the hour. Internet connectivity is the major area of concern to be looked upon for better m-learning.

The following core competencies are addressed in this article:

Medical knowledge, Practice-based learning, and Communication skills.
Virtual Determination of Sex
Authors: Agarwal Harish Kumar , Setia Pardaman Singh , Pandey Suryamani
Published: March 2021

Background:

Radiological imaging plays a pivotal role in forensic anthropology. As have the imaging techniques advances, so have the digital skeletal measurements inched towards precision. Secular trends of the population keep on changing in modern times. Hence, finding the precise technique of bone measurement, with greater reproducibility, in modern population is always needed in making population specific biological profile.

Aim and Objective:

The aim of this study was to estimate the accuracy of the foramen magnum measurement, obtained by three dimensional multi-detector computed tomography using volume rendering technique with the cut off value of each variable, in sex determination of an individual.

Materials and Methods:

Two metric traits, an antero-posterior diameter (APD) and transverse diameter (TD), were measured digitally in an analysis of 130 radiological images having equal proportion of male and female samples. Foramen magnum index and area of foramen magnum (Area by Radinsky's [AR], Area by Teixeira's [AT]) were derived from APD and TD.

Results:

Descriptive statistical analysis, using unpaired t-test, showed significant higher value in males in all the variables. Using Pearson correlation analysis, maximum correlation was observed between area (AT and AR r = 0.999) and between area and TD (AR r = 0.955 and AT r = 0.945 respectively). When used individually, TD had the highest predictive value (67.7%) for sex determination among all the parameters followed by AT (65.4%) and AR (64.6%). Cutoff value of variables TD, AR and AT were 29.9 mm, 841.80 mm2 and 849.70 mm2 respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curve predicted male and female sex with 96.2% and 89.2% accuracy respectively. The overall accuracy of the model was 92.7%.

Conclusion:

Measurements from 3D CT using volume rendering technique were precise, and the application of logistic regression analysis predicted the sex with more accuracy.
La usabilidad como problema de comunicación
Authors: Palacio Samitier Daniel , De Zulueta Dorado Francisco , Diez Somavilla Rebeca , Giménez López José Luis
Published: March 2021

Introducción: Una interfaz gráfica, para que pueda ser considerada realmente “usable”, debe proporcionar al usuario información suficiente, tanto sobre las posibles funcionalidades de la aplicación como de la forma de interactuar con ella. En el presente artículo se aborda esta cuestión desde el punto de vista de la comunicación. Entendiendo la interfaz como un medio que busca la comunicación entre dos sistemas (hombre y máquina) a través de un lenguaje propio. Este lenguaje posee características propias inherentes al medio. Metodología: Este es un análisis comparativo, explorando aspectos co-relacionales del uso de la usabilidad en el diseño de pantallas. Conclusiones: Observamos cómo la usabilidad, además de los problemas propios de comprensión de la interfaz y su interacción, también se derivan problemas como la uniformidad en el diseño y la falta de creatividad en la creación de nuevas interfaces.
Behavior of beam on elastic foundation using element free Galerkin method
Authors: Lan H.T.T.
Published: March 2021

One of mesh free methods, element free Galerkin method, is presented to analyze the finite beam on elastic foundation. The shape functions are constructed by using the moving least square interpolation based on a set of nodes that are arbitrarily distributed in specified domain. Discrete system equations are derived from the variation form of system equations. Numerical examples of finite beam on elastic foundation are given by establishing Matlab code. The results of this paper demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method with small errors compared to analytical solutions.

Keywords: mesh free method, element free Galerkin method, moving least square, finite beam, elastic foundation.
Experimental investigation on performance, smoke and exhaust gas analysis of four stroke diesel engine using pongomia/neem oil biodiesel
Authors: Konada Naresh Kumar , Suma K.N.S. , Kumar B.B. Ashok
Published: March 2021

Increase in energy demand, stringent emission norms and depletion of oil resources led to the discovery of alternative fuels forinternal combustion engines. Many alternative fuels like alcohols, petroleum gas, and compressed natural gas have been alreadycommercialized in the transport sector. In the present work, Pongomia oil and Neem oil are blended with diesel and used as analternate fuel for CI engines. The Pongomia oil and Neem oil can be converted into bio diesel using a chemical process of trans- esterification.Different proportions of fuel blends have been produced by the process of blending bio diesel consisting of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% (B10, B15, B20, B25, B30). The fuel properties of each blend are determined. The load test along with smoke and exhaust gas analysis of 4- Stroke Diesel engine using the blends of Pongomia oil and Neem oil with diesel are done in this study. The performance parameters of an engine are calculated for different blends. The sustainability of using alternate fuels in Diesel engines, especially the potential use of Pongomia oil and Neem oil as biodiesel have been brought to the fore through this work and suitable blends of bio diesel is suggested from the results.

Keywords: 4-Stroke Diesel Engine, Pongomia and Neem oil Bo diesel, Performance, Smoke and exhaust gas analysis.
Assessment of Physicochemical and Fatty Acids Composition of Crude Seed Oil Extract of Azadirachta indica Adr. Juss. for its potential in Biodiesel Production
Authors: Chomini M.S , Joshua V.I , John A.R , Ishaya M.P
Published: March 2021

This study investigates the physico-chemical and fatty acids composition of crude seed oil extracts of Azadirachta indica . The main objective was to evaluate some biodiesel characteristics of the crude seed oil extract of Azadirachta indica. The procedures of the Association of Official and Analytical Chemist (AOAC) were used for assessment of some physical, biochemical, and fatty acids constituents of the test seed oil extract. The physical properties assayed for indicate that the oil is liquid at room temperature, non-drying, with specific gravity, with flash and melting points of 0.910±0.08 g/cm3, 80±2.10°C and 76±1.60°C respectively. The chemical properties included 66.77±2.55 g/100g (iodine value), 1.465±0.07 (refractive index@ 30°C), 212.96±1.16 mgKOH/g (saponification value), 0.39±0.16 meq/Kg (peroxide value), 4.24±0.12 mgKOH/g (acid value), 2.20±0.12 mm2/s (viscosity value), 56.91±2.19 (cetane number), 39.21±1.11 MJ/kg (calorific value) and 2.13±0.05% w/w (free fatty acids). Fatty acids composition of the crude seed oil of A. indica obtained were linoleic, hexadecanoic, octadecanoic and alpha linolenic acids, with retention time and % composition of 18.2 min and 10.8±0.50%, 22.2 min and 30.01±1.79%, 18.2 min and 59.10±2.22%, and 20.2 min and 0.09±0.02% respectively. The crude seed oil extract clearly presents a potential as a biodiesel substrate for incorporation as a proximate blend in auto-engines. This therefore would necessitate intensive afforestation efforts of the plant species for sustainable utilization.

Keywords: Azadirachta indica, Biodiesel, physico-chemical, fatty acids, crude seed oil, extracts
Prevalence Of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs)-Producing Escherichia Coli Isolated From UTI Patients Attending some Selected Hospitals In Minna, Nigeria
Authors: Iseghohi F , Igwe J.C , Galadima M , Kuta A.F , Abdullahi A.M , Chukwunwejim C.R
Published: March 2021

Globally, urinary tract infections are one of the most common infections in need of urgent clinical attention. The prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)- producing Escherichia coli isolated from urine samples of some UTI patients and s of apparently healthy individuals in Minna, Nigeria, is investigated. Standard microbiological techniques were used to conduct this study. A total of 170 catch midstream urine samples submitted to the Medical Microbiology Laboratories of 4 different hospitals (and samples from healthy individuals) were randomly collected for 5 months and examined for microbial growths. Female patients (65.9%) submitted more urine samples for UTI test than their male counterpart (34.1%). The age ranges of 21 -30 (26.5%) and 31 - 40 (25.3%) had the highest percentages of infection rate while those within the ages 1- 10 (3.5%) and ≥ 71 (2.3%) were the least infected. This study observed a prevalence of 23.5% of E. coli in Minna metropolis and a significant number (30%) of healthy individuals (HI) was observed to harbor the E. coli in their urine. The isolates were highly susceptible to Gentamicin (65%), Ofloxacin (65%), Tetracycline (62.5%), Cotrimoxazole (62.5%), and Streptomycin (57.5%). Mildly susceptible to Pefloxacin (37.5%), Chloramphenicol (37.5%), and Ciprofloxacin (35%). There were significant resistance to most of the beta-lactames tested [Cefuroxime (80%), Amoxicillin (42.5%), Augmentin (40), Cefotaxime (20%) and Ceftaxidime (7.5%)]. Two of the isolates were resistant to all the 13 antibiotics tested; 70% (28) of the isolates had multiple antibiotics resistance index (MARI) ≥0.3. Multidrug resistance was expressed in 37.5% of the isolates tested. The study showed a vast resistant pool in the environment. Only 25% of the E. coli isolated from the urine samples produced beta-lactamases phenotypically, most of which expressed resistance to more than 5 of the antibiotics tested and had MARI of ≥ 0.5. Further evaluation showed that 25% (10/40) of the E. coli isolated from the UTI patients in Minna, Nigeria, were ESBL- producers and could harbor one or two of the genes. TEM gene was expressed in 70% (7) of the isolates that produced ESBL phenotypically, 60% 6) harbored CTXM gene, 20% (2) had the OXA gene while none of the bacteria harbored the SHV gene. The study established a 5.9% ESBL prevalence among the E. coli isolated from UTI in the environment studied. This study established that E. coli is one of the prevalent bacteri urea majorly isolated from UTI patients in Minna. The prevalent E. coli are multidrug resistant and could harbor more than one ESBL gene .

keywords: Escherichia coli, Minna, UTI, ESBL, Multidrug resistance
A Simulator for Testing Planar Upper Extremity Rehabilitation Robot Control Algorithms
Authors: Ayodele K.P. , Akinniyi O.T. , Oluwatope A.O. , Jubril A.M. , Ogundele A.O. , Komolafe M.A.
Published: March 2021

In this study, we took advantage of the emergence of accurate biomechanical human hand models to develop a system in which the interaction between a human arm and a rehabilitation robot while performing a planar trajectory tracking task can be simulated. Seven biomechanical arm models were based on the 11-degree-of-freedom Dynamic Arm Simulation model and implemented in OpenSim. The model of the robot was developed in MatlabSimulink and interaction between the arm and robot models was achieved using the OpenSim API. The models were tested by simulating the performance of each model while moving the end effector of a simulated planar robot model through an elliptical trajectory with an eccentricity of 0.94. Without assistance from the robot, the average root-mean-square error (RMSE) for all subjects was 3.98 mm. With the simulated robot providing assistive torque, the average RMSE error reduced to 2.88 mm. The test was repeated after modifying the length of the robot links, and an average RMSE of 2.91 mm recorded. A single-factor ANOVA test revealed that there was no significant difference in the RMSE for the two different robot geometries (p-value = 0.479), revealing that the simulator was not sensitive to robot geometry.
Simulation of Groundwater Quality Characteristics using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Fadipe O.O. , Abidoye L.K. , Adeosun J.O. , Oguntola B.B. , Adewusi O. , Okeowo T.E.
Published: March 2021

This paper reports the study of groundwater quality assessment in Boluwaduro community, Ofatedo in Osun State. In addition, it utilized the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) tool in MATLAB Software to simulate the water quality parameters/contaminants. Water samples were taken from 18 randomly selected dugwells and subjected to physico-chemicals and microbiological analysis. The mean concentrations of nitrate, nitrite, lead and iron are 20.12 mg/L, 0.78 mg/L, 0.159 mg/L and 0.35 mg/L respectively. Total plate counts range between 27 – 96 cfu/mL with growth in all the water samples. The ANN structure was trained in several rounds till satisfactory output was obtained with correlation value of R2 = 0.97. Simulation of the pH using ANN provides a good match at 10% increment of chloride, nitrate and iron and the pH value of the water sources increased with the corresponding increase in the concentrations of the parameters. The generated model for TDS gave a good prediction with total hardness and magnesium respectively. The concentrations of some metals in the wells are not safe for drinking; it could pose danger to users of the water sources. It is therefore recommended that the wells in the community should be subjected to routine monitoring and treatment of the contaminants should be enforced.
Epizootic situation of Aujeszky’s disease within the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Koshemetov Zhumagali K. , Kondibayeva Zhanat B. , Mussoyev Assilbek M. , Abishov Abdikalyk A. , Omarbekova Urzhan Zh.
Published: March 2021

Background: The relevance of the study is determined by the danger that this disease poses to all types of domestic animals in the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as the significant damage caused by this situation to the entire agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Timely and competent analysis of the epizootic situation for this disease in the country will reliably determine the development tendencies of this condition and predetermine a set of measures that should be taken to combat this animal disease in agricultural regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Aim: This study examines the development of the epizootic situation of Aujeszky’s disease within the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Methods: To achieve the set research goal, a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods are used.

Results: The results of this research article can be of significant importance for livestock breeders in the Republic of Kazakhstan, who are working on raising the number of pigs and other types of domestic animals and are interested in a further increase in the number.

Conclusion: From a practical standpoint, the significance of this study is conditioned by the possibility of searching and determining the main directions of the spread of the disease under consideration in agricultural lands and regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as taking a set of measures to eradicate such a disease and prevent its future occurrence in the country.
The bioavailability of cytarabine in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology through iontophoresis and rectal delivery
Authors: Mancini Shelby L. , Early Peter J. , Pastina Bethany O. , Olby Natasha J. , Mariani Christopher L. , Munana Karen R.
Published: March 2021

Background: Cytarabine (CA) is used to treat dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology (MUE) by subcutaneous or intravenous administration.

Aim: The objective was to investigate transdermal iontophoresis and rectal administration as alternative routes of CA delivery.

Methods: Two client-owned dogs with MUE were studied. The ActivaPatch® IONTOGOTM 12.0 iontophoresis drug delivery system delivered 200 mg/m2 CA transdermally. Blood samples were collected by sparse sampling technique after initiation of the device. At another visit, 100 mg/m2 CA was administered rectally. Blood samples were collected by sparse sampling technique after administration. Plasma CA concentrations were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography.

Results: The concentration of plasma CA after transdermal and rectal administration was below the limits of quantification (0.1 μg/ml) in all samples suggesting inadequate bioavailability with transdermal and rectal administration.

Conclusion: Transdermal and rectal CA administration are not reasonable alternative routes of delivery.
Empathy as a Mediator Between Parental Attitudes and Adolescents’ Aggressive Behaviour
Authors: Lasota Agnieszka , Kobylarczyk Magdalena
Published: March 2021

This study was designed to examine relationships between adolescents’empathy and aggression and parental attitudes. Two hundred and one high school students aged 16-18 completed the Polish Retrospective Parental Attitude Questionnaire, Interpersonal Reactivity Index and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. Results showed that paternal attitudes have a great influence on the level of aggression in children, either raising (inconsistency and excessive demands) or lowering it (acceptance and autonomy). In contrast, the role played by empathy is considerably lower and only supports the relationship between parental attitudes and level of aggression. It also turned out that empathy partly plays the role of a mediator between fathers‘parental attitudes and the level of aggression in adolescents.
Rozpowszechnienie gry w pokera oraz ryzyko uzależnienia wśród mężczyzn w okresie późnej adolescencji i wczesnej dorosłości
Authors: Grzesik Anna
Published: March 2021

The Prevalence of Poker and Risk of Addiction among Men in Late Adolescence and Early Adulthood

Playing poker might become an addictive activity. Therefore, it belongs to risky behaviours that are willingly exhibited particularly by persons in their adolescence. In the form of a professional game, poker can also be a way to delay the moment of becoming an adult. The prevalence of poker was checked among 2054 men in two age groups: persons in their adolescence (19–24 years old) and early adulthood (25–30 years old). Contrary to the expectations, the number of poker players is higher in the group of older respondents. The level of risk of problem gambling among poker players, assessed with the CPGI questionnaire, is similar in both groups, although in case of the young adults, the number of persons showing no symptoms of problem gambling is higher. The results were discussed in the context of the available literature and in relation to the phenomena characteristic of the separated development phases.
Kwestia rosyjska w polityce polskiej na konferencji pokojowej w Paryżu
Authors: Engelgard Jan
Published: March 2021

The Russian Question in the Policy of the Polish Delegation to the Paris Peace Conference

The fall of monarchy in Russia and two revolutions – February and October one – forced the National Democratic camp to change its policy on the Russian question. At Paris Peace Conference Roman Dmowski and his collaborators concluded that the Russian Civil War has created an opportunity which might be used in the interest of Poland. There was an opinion, that Russia’s international position will stay weak for several years – thus, the acceptance of fait accompli policy in the East and the endeavor to make Russia agree for the new eastern border, according to the so called line of Dmowski. Remaining neutral in the conflict between Bolsheviks and the White movement was preferred, however – due to the proposals by western countries – contacts with the representatives of White Russia and discreet talks with them were held in Paris. Roman Dmowski was ready to work on an agreement with White Russia on Polish conditions in spite of his disbelief that they will manage to defeat the Bolsheviks.

After some time Dmowski accepted the fall of White movement and started to think about finding a modus vivendi with new, Bolshevik Russia. This evolution began in Paris in 1919. One cannot say, that nothing was done then to reach an agreement with falling White Russia. However, all endeavors seemed to be deprived of any beliefs they might be successful.

Upadek monarchii w Rosji i dwie rewolucje - lutowa i październikowa - zmusiły obóz narodowo-demokratyczny do zmiany polityki w kwestii rosyjskiej. Na konferencji pokojowej w Paryżu Roman Dmowski i jego współpracownicy doszli do wniosku, że wojna domowa w Rosji stworzyła próżnię, którą można wykorzystać w interesie Polski. Uważano, że pozycja międzynarodowa Rosji pozostanie słaba przez kilka lat. Stąd akceptacja polityki faktów dokonanych na Wschodzie i dążenie do zgody Rosji na nową granicę wschodnią, zgodnie z tzw. Linią Dmowskiego. Preferowano neutralność w konflikcie między bolszewikami a ruchem Białych, jednak - ze względu na postulaty krajów zachodnich - kontakty z przedstawicielami Białych i dyskretne rozmowy z nimi odbywały się w Paryżu. Roman Dmowski był gotowy do pracy nad porozumieniem z Białymi na warunkach polskich, mimo że nie wierzył, że uda im się pokonać bolszewików.
Современная российская историография советско-польских отношений 1921–1933 гг.
Authors: Baranow Andriej W.
Published: March 2021

Contemporary Russian Historiography of the Soviet-Polish Relations 1921–1933

The purpose of the article is to explore the current trends in the development of the historiography of Soviet-Polish relations in 1921–1933 in Russia and is based on the sources that have only recently been made available. The main trends in the development of Russian historiography at the beginning of the XXI century are: the development of a geopolitical approach to the analysis of Soviet-Polish relations and focus on the mutual influence of domestic and foreign policy of the two countries. Particularly noteworthy is the problem of the Russian-Ukrainian community in interwar Poland and anti-Bolshevik emigration. The research on the history of the interwar period and the history of secret services is very popular and is conducted with wider access to documents and taking into account new scientific methods.

Współczesna rosyjska historiografia rosyjsko -polskich stosunków międzynarodowych 1921-1933

Artykuł traktuje o współczesnych orientacjach historiografii radziecko-polskich stosunków w latach 1921 – 1933 w Rosji. Autor opiera się na nowo udostępnionych źródłach. Omawia nowe kierunki rozwoju rosyjskiej historiografii na początku XXI w., wykorzystanie geopolitycznego punktu widzenia do analizy polsko-rosyjskich stosunków: zwrócenie uwagi na wzajemne wpływy w dziedzinie zagranicznej i wewnętrznej polityki obu państw. Na szczególną uwagę zasługuje problem rosyjsko-ukraińskiej społeczności w Polsce międzywojennej i emigracji antybolszewickiej. Duża popularnością cieszą się badania historii międzywojennej i historii służb specjalnych. Badania prowadzone są na bazie szerszego do
Pomiędzy „integralnym jugoslawizmem” a „chrześcijańskim nacjonalizmem” – projekcje wspólnoty w obrębie serbskiej ideosfery po 1918 roku
Authors: Gil Dorota
Published: March 2021

Between „Integral Yugoslavism” and „Christian Nationalism”– Projections of the Community Within the Serbian Ideosphere After 1918

In the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (SHS), established in 1918, yugoslavism as a political idea of the integration of the nations was correlated by the Serbian intellectuals with another kind of the idea of community which only preserved terminological appearances of connection with the initial conception. In the interwar reality, unprecised „integral yugoslavism” gradually became the indication of the ethnic exclusivism of the Serbs and their leadership ambitions in the new state (philosophical ground for such a vision layed Miloš Djurić, whereas nationalisation of the community project was continued by Vladimir Dvorniković). The radicalisation of this programme ensued thanks to the ideologists of so called Christian nationalism (above all Dimitrije Ljotić) and led to the affirmation of the values of the native traditionalism. Such a thought with a fascist indication, supported with the politicised Orthodoxy and taking shape of the Serbian national idea from the nineteen-thirties, will be constituted as a primary factor of the disintegration of the (imaginary) community of the Yugoslavs right into the nineteen-nineties.

W utworzonym w 1918 roku Królestwie SHS jugoslawizm jako polityczna idea integracji narodów został przez serbskich intelektualistów zestrojony z innym typem idei wspólnoty, który zachował tylko terminologiczne pozory związku z wyjściową koncepcją. W rzeczywistości międzywojennej niedoprecyzowany „integralny jugoslawizm” stawał się stopniowo wyznacznikiem etnicznego ekskluzywizmu Serbów i ich ambicji przywódczych w nowym państwie (filozoficzny grunt pod taką wizję przygotował Miloš Djurić, a nacjonalizację projektu wspólnotowego kontynuował Vladimir Dvorniković). Radykalizacja tego programu nastąpiła za sprawą ideologów tzw. chrześcijańskiego nacjonalizmu (przede wszystkim Dimitrije Ljoticia) i doprowadziła do afirmacji wartości rodzimego tradycjonalizmu. Ta faszyzująca myśl, wspierana upolitycznionym prawosławiem i przybierająca od lat 30. kształt serbskiej idei narodowej, stanowić będzie podstawowy czynnik dezintegrujący (wyobrażoną) wspólnotę Jugosłowian aż do lat 90. XX wieku.
Municipal Waste Water Toxicity Evaluation with Vibrio Fisheri
Authors: Raclavska Helena , Drozdova Jarmila , Hartmann Silvie
Published: March 2021

Toxicity of municipal waste water observed by means of Vibrio fischeri proved a primary dependence between the content of organics and inhibition. A linear dependence between COD and inhibition determined by means of Vibrio fischeri was established. In 30 days following sampling organic matter was degraded and the value of inhibition fell from 80 % to 27.67 %. This value corresponds to the real impact of micropollutants (risk elements, organic micropollutants) on inhibition. The content of risk elements in municipal waste water implies that the values are significantly higher than EC50 defined for Daphnia magna. Risk element ecotoxicity is affected by the form of occurrence and it is thus probable that there are risk elements predominantly in the form of complexes in sewage water.
El modelo de educación aplicado en corea del sur y su relación con el crecimiento económico del país de 1991 a 2010
Authors: Dai Prá Rafael , Rosa Gullo Maria Carolina
Published: March 2021

Este documento tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre el crecimiento económico presentado por Corea del Sur y el plan de desarrollo económico centrado en la educación y el progreso tecnológico, que fue adoptado por el gobierno después de la proclamación de su República. El período de referencia a los años 1991 a 2010 se examinó con mayor precisión, debido al calentamiento de su economía a partir de la década de 1990 y a la maduración de las condiciones tecnológicas en el escenario nacional. Se analizó la información sobre las inversiones en I+D y el número de patentes registradas en el país porque se consideran variables que pueden explicar el crecimiento presentado, teniendo en cuenta el enfoque que se dio en el campo de la educación y la tecnología. También se investigaron datos sobre el PIB del país con el fin de comprender cuánto influye cada componente en su resultado. Finalmente, a través de un análisis estadístico, se determinó el vínculo entre estas variables, donde se observó su influencia en el producto final.