bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Vegetation Water Use Efficiency and Its Response to Climatic and Environmental Factors in Gansu Province
Authors: Xu Neng , Dang Guofeng , Yang Tao , Zhang Kai , Zhen Baiqin , Wang Luming , Hu Jie
Published: October 2024

Vegetation water use efficiency (WUE) is a crucial indicator for elucidating the interconnections between the carbon and water cycles of ecosystems and for discerning the response of vegetation ecosystems to climate change. Gansu Province in northwestern China is facing significant ecological water-related challenges. However, the response of vegetation WUE to climate environmental factors in this region remains unclear. In this study, the MODIS vegetation gross primary productivity (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET) datasets were used to calculate the vegetation WUE in Gansu Province and, combined with meteorological data, Theil–Sen median trend analysis and partial correlation analysis were used to determine the spatial and temporal characteristics of vegetation WUE in this region and its response to climate environmental factors. Finally, the random forest model was used to rank the importance of climate environmental factors. The results indicate the following: (1) The average values of vegetation WUE, GPP, and ET in Gansu Province from 2000 to 2020 were 1.46 gC·mm−1·m−2, 510.22 gC·m−2, and 343.68 mm, respectively, and their spatial distribution was high in the southeast and low in the northwest, which was closely related to the distribution of vegetation in the region. (2) Over the past 20 years, the vegetation WUE in this region showed a slowly decreasing trend in general, with a decrease rate of 16.57%. There were significant differences in the WUE of different vegetation types, among which forest WUE was the highest and grassland WUE the lowest. (3) The trend prediction of WUE in Gansu Province was performed by using the rescaled extreme difference method, and the Hurst index was 0.45, which means that the vegetation WUE in this region is expected to increase in the future. (4) In general, precipitation was the main factor influencing the change in vegetation WUE in Gansu Province, followed by vapor pressure deficit (VPD), temperature, and soil moisture. This study provides strategy support for the coupling process of vegetation ecosystems and the sustainable development of agriculture and animal husbandry in Gansu Province and has scientific reference value for promoting and planning the sustainable development of vegetation in arid and semi-arid areas.
Integrating Building Information Modelling and Artificial Intelligence in Construction Projects: A Review of Challenges and Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Khan Ayaz Ahmad , Bello Abdulkabir Opeyemi , Arqam Mohammad , Ullah Fahim
Published: October 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning and decision support systems, can deploy complex algorithms to learn sufficiently from the large corpus of building information modelling (BIM) data. An integrated BIM-AI system can leverage the insights to make smart and informed decisions. Hence, the integration of BIM-AI offers vast opportunities to extend the possibilities of innovations in the design and construction of projects. However, this synergy suffers unprecedented challenges. This study conducted a systematic literature review of the challenges and constraints to BIM-AI integration in the construction industry and categorise them into different taxonomies. It used 64 articles, retrieved from the Scopus database using the PRISMA protocol, that were published between 2015 and July 2024. The findings revealed thirty-nine (39) challenges clustered into six taxonomies: technical, knowledge, data, organisational, managerial, and financial. The mean index score analysis revealed financial (µ = 30.50) challenges are the most significant, followed by organisational (µ = 23.86), and technical (µ = 22.29) challenges. Using Pareto analysis, the study highlighted the twenty (20) most important BIM-AI integration challenges. The study further developed strategic mitigation maps containing strategies and targeted interventions to address the identified challenges to the BIM-AI integration. The findings provide insights into the competing issues stifling BIM-AI integration in construction and provide targeted interventions to improve synergy.
A Hybrid Deep Learning Approach with Generative Adversarial Network for Credit Card Fraud Detection
Authors: Mienye Ibomoiye Domor , Swart Theo G.
Published: October 2024

Credit card fraud detection is a critical challenge in the financial industry, with substantial economic implications. Conventional machine learning (ML) techniques often fail to adapt to evolving fraud patterns and underperform with imbalanced datasets. This study proposes a hybrid deep learning framework that integrates Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) with Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) to enhance fraud detection capabilities. The GAN component generates realistic synthetic fraudulent transactions, addressing data imbalance and enhancing the training set. The discriminator, implemented using various DL architectures, including Simple RNN, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, and Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs), is trained to distinguish between real and synthetic transactions and further fine-tuned to classify transactions as fraudulent or legitimate. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements over traditional methods, with the GAN-GRU model achieving a sensitivity of 0.992 and specificity of 1.000 on the European credit card dataset. This work highlights the potential of GANs combined with deep learning architectures to provide a more effective and adaptable solution for credit card fraud detection.
Proposed Modbus Extension Protocol and Real-Time Communication Timing Requirements for Distributed Embedded Systems
Authors: Găitan Nicoleta Cristina , Zagan Ionel , Găitan Vasile Gheorghiță
Published: October 2024

The general evolution of fieldbus systems has been variously affected by both computer electrical engineering and science. First, the main contribution undoubtedly originated from network IT systems, when the Open Systems Interconnection model was presented. This reference model with seven layers was and remains the foundation for the development of numerous advanced communication protocols. In this paper, the conducted research resulted in a major contribution; specifically, it describes the mathematical model for the Modbus protocol and defines the acquisition cycle model that corresponds to incompletely defined protocols in order to provide a timestamp and achieve temporal consistency for proposed Modbus Extension. The derived technical contribution of the authors is to exemplify the functionality of a typical industrial protocol that can be decomposed to improve the performance of data acquisition systems. Research results in this area have significant implications for innovations in industrial automation networking because of increasing distributed installations and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) applications.
A Chemometric Exploration of Potential Chemical Markers and an Assessment of Associated Risks in Relation to the Botanical Source of Fruit Spirits
Authors: Srdjenović Čonić Branislava , Kladar Nebojša , Kusonić Dejan , Bijelić Katarina , Torović Ljilja
Published: October 2024

Chemometric evaluation of potentially harmful volatile compound and toxic metal(loid) distribution patterns in fruit spirits relating to distinct fruit classes most commonly used in spirit production highlighted the potential of several volatiles as candidates for differentiation markers while dismissing toxic metal(loid)s. Pome fruit and grape pomace spirits were mostly characterized by a lower abundance of n-propanol, methanol, ethyl acetate and acetaldehyde, while stone fruit spirits contained lower amounts of isoamyl alcohol and isobutanol. Chemometric analysis of the fruit spirit composition of aromatics identified additional potential markers characteristic for certain fruits—benzoic acid ethyl ester, benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, butanoic acid 3-methyl-ethyl ester, butanoic acid 2-methyl-ethyl ester and furfural. This study explored the variability in the risk potential of the investigated spirits, considering that some chemicals known to be detected in spirits are potent health hazards. Ethyl carbamate in combination with acetaldehyde showed a higher potential risk in stone fruit spirits, methanol in stone and pome fruit spirits and acetaldehyde in grape pomace spirits. It is of great interest to evaluate to what extent consumers’ preference for spirits of distinct fruit types affects health risks. Consumers of stone fruit spirits are potentially at higher risk than those consuming pome fruit or grape pomace spirits.
Onabotulinumtoxin A for the Treatment of Post-Traumatic Headache: Is It Better than Anti-CGRP Antibodies?
Authors: Pellesi Lanfranco , Onan Dilara , Martelletti Paolo
Published: October 2024

Post-traumatic headache (PTH) is a common and debilitating consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI), often resembling migraine and tension-type headaches. Despite its prevalence, the optimal treatment for PTH remains unclear, with current strategies largely extrapolated from other headache disorders. This review evaluates the use of onabotulinumtoxin A (ONA) and anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the treatment of PTH. A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed, including studies published up to September 2024, focusing on the efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of onabotulinumtoxin A and anti-CGRP mAbs in PTH. Both clinical trials and observational studies were reviewed. ONA, widely recognized for its efficacy in chronic migraine, has shown limited benefits in PTH with only one trial involving abobotulinumtoxin A in a cohort of 40 subjects. A phase 2 trial with fremanezumab, an anti-CGRP monoclonal antibody, failed to demonstrate significant efficacy in PTH, raising questions about the utility of targeting CGRP in this condition. ONA may offer advantages over anti-CGRP mAbs, not only in terms of its broader mechanism of action but also in cost-effectiveness and higher patient adherence. Both ONA and anti-CGRP mAbs are potential options for the management of PTH, but the current evidence is insufficient to establish clear guidelines. The negative results from the fremanezumab trial suggest that CGRP inhibition may not be sufficient for treating PTH, whereas onabotulinumtoxin A’s ability to target multiple pain pathways may make it a more promising candidate.
Modulation of ADAM17 Levels by Pestiviruses Is Species-Specific
Authors: Chen Hann-Wei , Zaruba Marianne , Dawood Aroosa , Düsterhöft Stefan , Lamp Benjamin , Ruemenapf Till , Riedel Christiane
Published: October 2024

Upon host cell infection, viruses modulate their host cells to better suit their needs, including the downregulation of virus entry receptors. ADAM17, a cell surface sheddase, is an essential factor for infection of bovine cells with several pestiviruses. To assess the effect of pestivirus infection on ADAM17, the amounts of cellular ADAM17 and its presence at the cell surface were determined. Mature ADAM17 levels were reduced upon infection with a cytopathic pestivirus bovis (bovine viral diarrhea virus, cpBVDV), pestivirus suis (classical swine fever virus, CSFV) or pestivirus giraffae (strain giraffe), but not negatively affected by pestivirus L (Linda virus, LindaV). A comparable reduction of ADAM17 surface levels, which represents the bioactive form, could be observed in the presence of E2 of BVDV and CSFV, but not LindaV or atypical porcine pestivirus (pestivirus scrofae) E2. Superinfection exclusion in BVDV infection is caused by at least two proteins, glycoprotein E2 and protease/helicase NS3. To evaluate whether the lowered ADAM17 levels could be involved in superinfection exclusion, persistently CSFV- or LindaV-infected cells were challenged with different pestiviruses. Persistently LindaV-infected cells were significantly more susceptible to cpBVDV infection than persistently CSFV-infected cells, whilst the other pestiviruses tested were not or only hardly able to infect the persistently infected cells. These results provide evidence of a pestivirus species-specific effect on ADAM17 levels and hints at the possibility of its involvement in superinfection exclusion.
Using Behavior Integration to Identify Barriers and Motivators for COVID-19 Vaccination and Build a Vaccine Demand and Confidence Strategy in Southeastern Europe
Authors: Mandić-Rajčević Stefan , Cvjetković Smiljana , Oot Lisa , Tasevski Dalibor , Meghani Ankita , Wallace Hannah , Cotelnic Tatiana , Popović Dragoslav , Ebeling Elan , Cullen Balogun Tonja , Cogswell Lynne
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted global health, with Eastern Europe experiencing notable excess morbidity and mortality and vaccine hesitancy. This study utilized the Behavior Integration (BI) framework to identify barriers and motivators for COVID-19 vaccination and develop strategies to increase vaccine demand and confidence in Moldova, North Macedonia, and Serbia. Methods. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys. The BI framework was used to integrate human behaviors with technical and operational considerations throughout the project. Results. A total of 2742 online surveys were collected in Moldova and Serbia, revealing significant barriers such as vaccine safety concerns (OR = 1.839, 95% CI: 1.328–2.547 in urban Moldova; OR = 1.990, 95% CI: 1.351–2.931 in urban Serbia), logistical challenges, and lack of institutional trust. Conversely, motivators included personal health concerns, recommendations from health care providers, and the desire to travel. The proposed social and behavior change strategy included a continuing medical education course that trained 2403 medical providers, with post-test results showing a 99% improvement in knowledge and confidence in applying the information, and collective engagement workshops for 3260 chronic disease patients and 842 pregnant women, of which 7% were vaccinated against COVID-19. Conclusions. The BI approach effectively identified and addressed vaccination barriers and motivators, leading to tailored strategies that increased vaccine uptake. Continuous stakeholder engagement, adaptive learning processes, and local organizations are crucial for refining program implementation, ensuring sustainability, and promoting public health.
Description and Outcomes of an Ultrasound-Guided Technique for Catheter Placement in the Canine Quadratus Lumborum Plane: A Cadaveric Tomographic Study and Clinical Case Series
Authors: Degani Massimiliano , Bolen Géraldine , Talarico Chiara , Noël Stéphanie , Gommeren Kris , Di Franco Chiara , Sandersen Charlotte
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to describe an ultrasound-guided technique for implanting catheters for local anesthetic administration into the quadratus lumborum (QL) inter-fascial plane in canine cadavers and assessing the spread along the vertebral bodies (VBs) by computed tomography (CT). Phase 1: eight canine cadavers received one catheter per hemiabdomen, followed by injection of contrast media solution [low volume (LV) 0.3 mL kg−1 or high volume (HV) 0.6 mL kg−1]. Phase 2: postoperative pain of five dogs was managed by injecting 0.3 mL kg−1 of ropivacaine 0.5% through QL catheters every eight hours, up to 72 h after abdominal surgery. Pain was assessed using the Short Form of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale, and methadone 0.2 mg kg−1 was administered intravenously when the pain score was ≥6. The number of VBs stained by the contrast solution between the QL and psoas minor muscles was significantly higher in group HV than group LV. The catheter tip was visualized in the retroperitoneal space in 1/16 and 2/10 hemiabdomens in phases 1 and 2, respectively. Rescue analgesia was required in 3/5 dogs during the postoperative period. The QL catheter placement technique appears feasible and may be included in a multimodal analgesic approach for dogs undergoing abdominal surgeries.
Optimized Energy Management System for Wind Lens-Enhanced PMSG Utilizing Zeta Converter and Advanced MPPT Control Strategies
Authors: Selvaraj Arun , Mayilsamy Ganesh
Published: October 2024

This paper presents the design and analysis of an efficient energy management system for a wind lens integrated with a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and a zeta converter. The wind lens, a ring-shaped structure encircling the rotor, enhances the turbine’s capability to capture wind energy by increasing the wind influx through the turbine. In the contemporary wind energy sector, PMSGs are extensively employed due to their superior performance characteristics. This study integrates a 1 kW PMSG system with a wind lens to optimize power extraction from the wind energy conversion system (WECS) under varying wind speeds. A comparative analysis of different control strategies for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is conducted, including the incremental conductance (INC) method and the perturb and observe (P&O) method. The performance of the MPPT controller integrated with the wind lens-based PMSG system is assessed based on output DC voltage and power delivered to the load. To evaluate the overall effectiveness of these control strategies, both steady-state voltage and dynamic response under diverse wind conditions are examined. The system is modeled and simulated using the MATLAB R2023a/Simulink 9.1 software, and the simulation results are validated to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed energy management system.
Antibiotic prescribing intensity and community UTI resistance: a cross-sectional ecological study
Authors: McDonnell Lucy , Ashworth Mark , Schofield Peter , Durbaba Stevo , Redmond Patrick
Published: October 2024

Background

Antibiotic overuse is associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR). It is unclear whether community AMR is driven by overall antibiotic use or by high levels of repeated (intense) use by individual patients.

Aim

To determine the association between high antibiotic prescribing intensity (all antibiotic prescriptions; any indication), and rates of UTI resistance among patients within small communities.

Design & setting

Repeated cross-sectional ecological analysis of geographical areas (population averaging 1500) from 2012-2015 using anonymised primary care data and urine cultures.

Method

For each area, we compared the percentage of antibiotic-prescribed patients who received≥5 prescriptions/3 years or≥4 prescriptions/year, with subsequent or same year UTI resistance rates. We also compared ‘Average Daily Quantities’ of all antibiotics prescribed, with UTI resistance rates, per year, per area. Results were adjusted for co-variates and analysed at area level using mixed effects logistic regression.

Results

Of 196,513 patients prescribed antibiotics in 69 areas, 16% were prescribed intensively (≥5 prescriptions in 3 years), receiving almost 30% of prescriptions. Of 12 308 confirmed UTI specimens (80%Escherichia Coli), 65% were resistant to at least one antibiotic (amoxicillin; cefalexin; ciprofloxacin; trimethoprim; nitrofurantoin). We found no significant association between high intensity ‘any’ antibiotic prescribing (same year/two preceding years) or overall ‘any’ antibiotic prescribing (same year) and UTI resistance.

Conclusion

We found no relationship between concurrent high intensity ‘any’ antibiotic prescribing, and UTI resistance rates in small urban communities, pre-covid. Individual patient use of multiple antibiotics, even at high intensity, may not be an independent risk factor for community UTI resistance.
Exploring the equity of distribution of general medical services funding allocations in Wales: a time-series analysis
Authors: Currie Jonny , Thomas Kathrin , Cunningham Anne Marie , Bailey Kerry , Ahmed Haroon , Farewell Daniel , Lewis Sally
Published: October 2024

Background

Good access to quality primary care in high-income countries can improve population health. Access to primary care is however often not equal among socioeconomic groups; our analysis sought to explore whether funding, a determinant of service supply, is equitably distributed among GP practices in Wales.

Aim

We sought to explore the relationship between funding and deprivation among GP practices in Wales, to understand the equity of current funding policies.

Design & setting

We obtained funding data for general practices in Wales between 2014 and 2022 and explored the equity of distribution using the percentage of practice patients living in the 20% most deprived small areas in Wales. We generated a linear regression model exploring the relationship between practice funding and deprivation, with an interaction term with time in years.

Results

Practice funding rose for all practices between 2014 and 2022. Practice deprivation and time in years were both associated with practice funding, with increases in practice deprivation associated with reduced funding allocations, and time being associated with a small increase in funding over the study period. Over the period of analysis of 2004-2022, for every 10% increase in patients living in the most deprived LSOAs, funding per patient decreases on average by 1%.

Conclusion

Primary cares in Wales in more deprived areas receive discernibly less funding per patient than those in less deprived areas. Given the potential and likelihood primary care can affect population health outcomes, this underinvestment may be contributing to existing health inequalities and requires urgent further analysis and action.
Vulnerable older people’s views on proactive care planning - a qualitative interview study in primary care
Authors: Kastbom Lisa , Olaison Anna , Sverker Annette , Segernäs Anna
Published: October 2024

Background

Patients in old age often have complex care needs due to multimorbidity and polypharmacy. This qualitative study is part of a larger ongoing Swedish intervention trialSecure And Focused primary care for older pEople(SAFE), including shorter care agreements based on person-centred patient goals.

Aim

To explore, in a primary care setting, the views of older and vulnerable patients on a more systematic, proactive approach to care planning, including establishing and documenting care agreements based on person-centred goals.

Design & setting

Individual semi-structured interviews with patients (n 25) aged>75 years from 12 intervention primary health care centres.

Method

Qualitative content analysis.

Results

Three categories, with 10 sub-categories, were found:I would like to live in the present, so why plan ahead? Let me decide vs. they know best,andCare agreements usually went unnoticed. The latent theme,The ambivalence of care planning in the fourth age,was created to give a deeper meaning to the content of the categories.

Conclusion

This study emphasises that older, vulnerable persons have varying attitudes towards participation in proactive care planning. This ambivalence may originate from the individuals’ desire to have their autonomy respected on the one hand and to avoid or postpone end-of-life conversations and care planning on the other hand. Patients also expressed a desire to be more actively involved in care planning. Although care agreements have the potential to increase patient involvement in proactive care planning, they often went unnoticed. The conversation itself was essential.
Content and timing of the 6-8 week maternal postnatal check: a mixed methods study
Authors: Macdonald Clare , Cross-Sudworth Fiona , Quinn Laura , MacArthur Christine , Bick Debra , Jones Ellie , Taylor Beck
Published: October 2024

Background

Since 2020, the General Medical Services contract requires GP practices in England to offer women a GP appointment 6-8 weeks after birth: the ‘6-8 week postnatal check’ or ‘consultation’. Historically, provision of checks was variable, and women still frequently report poor experiences.

Aim

To explore GPs’ and women’s perspectives of the 6-8 week postnatal check, including key components and timing.

Design & setting

Mixed methods study: focus groups of GPs and women, and an online survey of GPs in England.

Method

Focus groups explored GPs’ and women’s experiences of postnatal consultations. An online survey explored GPs’ clinical approach, organisation, and improvement potential. Quantitative analysis examined associations between demographics and clinical approach. Thematic framework analysis was used for qualitative data.

Results

18 women and 14 GPs participated in focus groups. 671 GPs completed the survey. Mental wellbeing and contraception were reported as important topics, although some women were not asked about mental health. GP survey responses indicated most recommendations from national guidance were ‘always’ or ‘very often’ covered by most, but not all GPs. Clinical coverage was higher for GPs who used clinical templates, had awareness of guidance, were female or a parent. Many GPs (n=326, 49%) needed more time than was allocated for the consultation: (n=524, 78% allocated<15 minutes;n=351, 52% completed in<15 minutes).

Conclusion

This study suggests GPs are allocated insufficient time for postnatal consultations, with substantial variation in practice. Specifying consultation duration and consideration of template usage in policy may improve care and outcomes for women.
Aula invertida y autoaprendizaje de estudiantes universitarios en entornos virtuales: Revisión sistemática
Authors: Colque Quispe Lucio Wilfredo , Arias Camarena Juan Alberto
Published: October 2024

Actualmente, el aula invertida y los entornos virtuales han logrado introducirse en los espacios educativos, en busca del autoaprendizaje y la motivación estudiantil. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo general determinar los aportes del aula invertida en el autoaprendizaje de los estudiantes universitarios en entornos virtuales. Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática, con un enfoque cualitativo y descriptivo, iniciando el proceso de búsqueda con el uso de operadores booleanos en las bases de Scopus (“Flipped classroom” AND “Self-learning” AND “Virtual environment”), Scielo y Google Académico (“Aula invertida” AND “Autoaprendizaje” AND “Entorno virtual”). Los criterios de exclusión e inclusión tomaron como base la fecha de publicación —entre 2019 y 2023—, utilizando solo artículos indexados relacionados directamente con el título y las variables que lo conforman. Después de la búsqueda, se seleccionaron 17 artículos que cumplieron con todos los requerimientos. Se llegó a la conclusión de que los principales aportes del aula invertida en el autoaprendizaje de los estudiantes universitarios en entornos virtuales son la mejora del rendimiento académico, una mejor adquisición y comprensión de los conocimientos, la motivación, el autoaprendizaje y un mayor compromiso por parte de los estudiantes.
Patient and Caregiver Perspectives on Gender Disparity in CKD
Authors: Lewandowski Michał J. , Kurnikowski Amelie , Vanek Lenka , Bretschneider Philipp , Schwaiger Elisabeth , Krenn Simon , Hödlmoser Sebastian , Gauckler Philipp , Pirklbauer Markus , Horn Sabine , Brunner Maria , Zitt Emanuel , Kirsch Bernhard , Windpessl Martin , Aringer Ida , Wiesholzer Martin , Ritschl Valentin , Stamm Tanja , Jauré Allison , Hecking Manfred
Published: October 2024

Key Points

Women felt vulnerable and felt that their housework obligations may interfere with CKD treatment, especially dialysis.

Women felt they were good at protecting their health, whereas men might expect help from others and live in denial when confronted with advanced CKD.

Background

CKD affects more women than men worldwide; however, men comprise most patients who receive KRT. We aimed to describe the perspectives of patients and their caregivers regarding gender disparities in CKD.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 45 patients with CKD (20 women) and 14 caregivers (12 women) from seven clinics in Austria. The interviews were analyzed thematically.

Results

Five themes were identified in this study. Participants perceived that women were disadvantaged and vulnerable (silent and intimidated, single mother predicament, impeded access to care and support because of socioeconomic disadvantage, had to fend for themselves); fulfilling gender roles and norms (primarily responsible for childcare, pressure to perform well as homemakers, put others' needs before their own, encouraging husband's treatment adherence); and protecting their own health (self-disciplined, vigilant, confronted health challenges, advocated for their needs). Men were seen to place the onus of care on others (expected help from family, relied on others for decisions). Both men and women experienced a disease-related identity crisis and distress (women: impaired body image, mental distress; men: denial and self-destruction, emasculated by sickness).

Conclusions

Women with CKD felt vulnerable and were inclined to fulfill gender norms and responsibilities as caregivers, but were also vigilant about protecting their own health. Men tended to be reluctant to accept CKD and appeared to depend on others for disease management. Better awareness and addressing these concerns can inform strategies to minimize gender disparities in access to care and outcomes in CKD.
Activation of PIEZO1 Attenuates Kidney Cystogenesis In Vitro and Ex Vivo
Authors: Fan Qingfeng , Hadla Mohamad , Peterson Zack , Nelson Grace , Ye Hong , Wang Xiaofang , Mardirossian Jean Marc , Harris Peter C. , Alper Seth L. , Prakash Y.S. , Beyder Arthur , Torres Vicente E. , Chebib Fouad T.
Published: October 2024

Key Points

PIEZO1 activation reduces cystogenesis: Yoda1 activates PIEZO1, raising calcium and lowering cAMP, reducing cyst growth in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease models.

Context-dependent role of PIEZO1: PIEZO1 knockout in mice with or without polycystic kidneys does not affect cyst formation, suggesting redundancy in mechanosensitive pathways.

Therapeutic potential: Findings support PIEZO1 activation as a part of combination therapy to slow cyst growth in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, needing more in vivo studies.

Background

The disruption of calcium signaling associated with polycystin deficiency is a key factor in abnormal epithelial growth in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Calcium homeostasis can be influenced by mechanotransduction. The mechanosensitive cation channel PIEZO1 has been implicated in sensing intrarenal pressure and regulating urinary osmoregulation, but its role in kidney cystogenesis is unclear.

Methods

We hypothesized that altered mechanotransduction contributes to cystogenesis in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and that activation of mechanosensitive cation channels could be a therapeutic strategy.

Results

We demonstrate that Yoda1, a PIEZO1 activator, increases intracellular calcium and reduces forskolin-induced cAMP levels in mouse inner medullary collecting duct (mIMCD3) cells. Notably, knockout of polycystin-2 attenuated the efficacy of Yoda1 in reducing cAMP levels in mIMCD3 cells. Yoda1 also reduced forskolin-induced mIMCD3 cyst surface area in vitro and cystic index in mouse metanephros ex vivo in a dose-dependent manner. However, collecting duct–specific PIEZO1 knockout neither induced cystogenesis in wild-type mice nor altered cystogenesis in the Pkd1RC/RC mouse model.

Conclusions

These findings support the potential role of PIEZO1 agonists in mitigating cystogenesis by increasing intracellular calcium and reducing cAMP levels, but the unaltered in vivo cystic phenotype after PIEZO1 knockout in the collecting duct suggests possible redundancy in mechanotransductive pathways.
Perspectivas dos alunos do curso de tecnologia em radiologia em relação ao mercado de trabalho: artigo de opinião
Authors: Alves Sabrina Martins , Figueiredo Maria da Conceição Gonçalves de , Morão Bruno Felipe Fernandes , Silva Vithor Alves da , Aquino Mykaelle Rezende Almeida de , Sousa Danilo Ferreira de , Prata Júnior José Rômulo Cavalcante , Landim José Marcondes Macedo
Published: October 2024

A IA desempenha um papel crescente no ensino de radiologia, aprimorando a análise de imagens e oferecendo feedback instantâneo aos alunos. No entanto, ela não substitui o julgamento clínico humano, sendo crucial o desenvolvimento de habilidades cognitivas e éticas. Com o avanço da telemedicina, surgem novas oportunidades no mercado de trabalho para tecnólogos em radiologia.
Uma proposta de diálogo entre Bíblia e literatura
Authors: Silva Bruno Áthila Nascimento , Panichi Edina Regina Pugas
Published: October 2024

Este artigo busca evidenciar a influência da Bíblia na literatura e na formação da cultura ocidental, abordar alguns aspectos da relação entre Bíblia e literatura e apresentar uma pesquisa mais ampla nessa área, atualmente em andamento, utilizando os recursos da crítica genética e da análise textual discursiva.
Ester-Enhanced Inorganic-Rich Solid Electrolyte Interphase Enabled Dendrite-Free Fast-Charging Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Wu Hanyan , Chen Xinyang , Zhao Changyong , Tian Yingkang , Yang Xiaofei , Sun Runcang , Gao Xuejie
Published: October 2024

Building lithium fluoride (LiF)-rich solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) by the decomposition of fluorinated salts has been widely adopted to be effective to suppress lithium dendrite growth, thus prolonging the lifespan of fast-charging lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Nevertheless, the slow dissociation of LiF salts reduces both their utilization and the formation of inorganic SEI. Herein, cellulose acetate (CA) was incorporated into the electrolyte to create an inorganic-rich SEI through ester groups, where the lithiophilic oxygen atoms in the ester group (C═O) enhanced lithium-ion diffusion and anion dissociation rates. Therefore, rapid ion diffusion and dendrite-free anodes were achieved in the ester-based electrolyte with CA (named as CA-E). As a result, the lithium symmetric batteries with the CA-E electrolyte exhibited stable cycling performance for 5,000 h at a current density/capacity of 3 mA cm
−2
/1 mAh cm
−2
, while a short-circuiting was observed after ~450 h for the bare electrolyte. Benefiting from the rational design, lithium iron phosphate batteries with the CA-E electrolyte showed an excellent C-rate performance with a capacity of 100.7 mAh g
−1
at the rate of 10 C. Moreover, a specific capacity of 110.3 mAh g
−1
was maintained after 300 cycles at the rate of 6 C with a Coulombic efficiency of 99.87%. This work proposes a new approach to dendrite inhibitors for fast-charging LMBs.
One-Dimensional Implantable Sensors for Accurately Monitoring Physiological and Biochemical Signals
Authors: Li Qianming , Wang Wen , Yin Haotian , Zou Kuangyi , Jiao Yiding , Zhang Ye
Published: October 2024

In recent years, one-dimensional (1D) implantable sensors have received considerable attention and rapid development in the biomedical field due to their unique structural characteristics and high integration capability. These sensors can be implanted into the human body with minimal invasiveness, facilitating real-time and accurate monitoring of various physiological and pathological parameters. This review examines the latest advancements in 1D implantable sensors, focusing on the material design of sensors, device integration, implantation methods, and the construction of the stable sensor–tissue interface. Furthermore, a comprehensive overview is provided regarding the applications and future research directions for 1D implantable sensors with an ultimate aim to promote their utilization in personalized healthcare and precision medicine.
Ibrutinib Promotes Atrial Fibrillation by Disrupting A-Kinase Anchoring Protein 1-Mediated Mitochondrial Quality Surveillance in Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Li Yukun , Liu Xinmeng , Lin Rong , Peng Xiaodong , Wang Xuesi , Meng Fanchao , Jin Shuqi , Lv Wenhe , Liu Xiaoying , Du Zhuohang , Wen Songnan , Bai Rong , Ruan Yanfei , Zhou Hao , Zou Rongjun , Tang Ribo , Liu Nian
Published: October 2024

Background:
Ibrutinib, a potent Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor with marked efficacy against hematological malignancies, is associated with the heightened risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). Although ibrutinib-induced AF is linked to enhanced oxidative stress, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
Objective:
This research aimed to explore the molecular mechanism and regulatory target in ibrutinib-induced AF.
Methods:
We performed in vivo electrophysiology studies using ibrutinib-treated mice, and then employed proteomic and single-cell transcriptomic analyses to identify the underlying targets and mechanisms. The effects of A-kinase anchoring protein 1 (AKAP1) depletion on mitochondrial quality surveillance (MQS) were evaluated using both in vivo and ex vivo AKAP1 overexpression models.
Results:
Atrial AKAP1 expression was significantly reduced in ibrutinib-treated mice, leading to inducible AF, atrial fibrosis, and mitochondrial fragmentation. These pathological changes were effectively mitigated in an overexpression model of ibrutinib-treated mice injected with an adeno-associated virus carrying Akap1. In ibrutinib-treated atrial myocytes, AKAP1 down-regulation promoted dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) translocation into mitochondria by facilitating DRP1 dephosphorylation at Ser637, thereby mediating excessive mitochondrial fission. Impaired MQS was also suggested by defective mitochondrial respiration, mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming, and suppressed mitochondrial biogenesis, accompanied by excessive oxidative stress and inflammatory activation. The ibrutinib-mediated MQS disturbance can be markedly improved with the inducible expression of the AKAP1 lentiviral system.
Conclusions:
Our findings emphasize the key role of AKAP1-mediated MQS disruption in ibrutinib-induced AF, which explains the previously observed reactive oxygen species overproduction. Hence, AKAP1 activation can be employed to prevent and treat ibrutinib-induced AF.
Preliminary Results of Iran Premature Coronary Artery Disease (IPAD study) and Implementation of IPAD Biobank: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Zarepur Ehsan , Mohammadifard Noushin , Nedaeinia Reza , Sadeghi Masoumeh , Asgary Sedigheh , Gharipour Mojgan , Zarepur Amirhossein , Moslemi Fateme , Sarrafzadegan Nizal
Published: October 2024

Background: Iran Premature Coronary Artery Disease (IPAD) is one of the first and largest studies of its kind in Asia that investigates different aspects of premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) in different ethnic groups in multiple cities. In this paper, we aim to describe the IPAD biobank establishment and present some preliminary results of the IPAD study. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on patients with documented angiography from different ethnicities in more than ten cities of Iran (males aged 60 years and below and females aged 70 years and below). Patients with coronary artery stenosis of more than 75% in at least one vessel (or left-main stenosis of more than 50%) were defined as the case group and patients with normal coronary angiography were considered as the control group. In addition to completing questionnaires and performing physical measurements, samples of serum, buffy coat, plasma, whole blood, saliva, urine, and feces were stored in the freezer at -80 °C. Results: The mean age of patients was 51.1±8.2, of which 43% were women. There were 1221 people in the control group and 1702 in the case group. Our enrollment is completed and data entry and transferring biosamples from different cities is still ongoing. About 30000 biosamples of different ethnicities are saved in the IPAD biobank. Conclusion: This study aims to develop a high-quality biobank and facilitate research on different aspects of PCAD, especially gene-environment interaction regarding ethnicity.
Histopathological Patterns of Lung Cancer in Iran: A Single-Center Study
Authors: Salimi Babak , Seifi Sharareh , Khosravi Adnan , Shiari Sara , Moradi Raana , Daneshfard Babak , Mabani Maryam
Published: October 2024

Background: Lung cancer (LC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In Iran, it is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths for men and the third most common for women. This study aimed to examine the clinicopathological characteristics of Iranian patients with LC. Methods: Clinicopathological data of 1382 patients with primary LC diagnosed over 11 years (2012‒2023) at the "National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease" (NRITLD), Tehran, Iran, were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Adenocarcinoma was the most common type of cancer found in the patients (42.44%). The median age was 59.69 years (mean: 60.41 years) ranging 24–88 years. The mean male-to-female ratio was 3.65. Additionally, 65.84% of patients were smokers. The majority of patients (82.69 %) were diagnosed at an advanced stage (stage IV) of cancer. Conclusion: Although some of our findings are consistent with those of previous LC studies, there are some discrepancies, especially concerning the smoking status and median age of the Iranian patients. Therefore, additional clinical and epidemiological studies are needed to determine the impact of non-smoking factors, such as environmental exposure and genetic predisposition, on the development of LC.
Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease and Associated Factors among the Diabetic and Prediabetic Population in the Bandare-Kong Cohort Study; A Population-Based Study
Authors: Kheirandish Masoumeh , Eftekhar Ebrahim , Azarbad Abnoos , Salarpour Elaheh , Shahmoradi Mehdi , Ghazizadeh Sara , Malektojari Alireza , Nikeghbali Zohre , karimi Lengeh Soheil , Dehghani Aghdas
Published: October 2024

Background: This investigation aims to examine the relationship between diabetes and prediabetes with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while taking into account key risk factors such as gender, age, lifestyle, smoking habits, and blood pressure. Methods: Between November 17, 2016, and November 22, 2018, 4063 subjects aged 35 to 70 years were enrolled in the first phase of the Bandare-Kong Non-Communicable Disease (BKNCD) Cohort Study, which is part of the PERSIAN (Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN) cohort and was conducted in a coastal region of the Hormozgan province in southern Iran. CKD was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR)<60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 , or albumin/Cr>30 mg/g in random urine, self-reported kidney failure, or dialysis. Urine albumin and creatinine were determined by standard kits (Pars Azmoon, Tehran, Iran) and the BT1500 automatic chemistry analyzer (Biotecnica Instruments, Rome, Italy). Results: The prevalence of CKD was found to be 15.3%, with 29.6% identified in diabetic individuals and 16.5% in prediabetic patients. So, the prevalence of CKD in diabetics was higher than prediabetics and normal people. Increased age, dysglycemia (diabetes or prediabetes), hypertension, and use of angiotensin receptor blockers were markedly associated with an elevated risk of CKD in adults. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the importance of early detection and management of CKD risk factors, particularly among high-risk individuals, to mitigate CKD progression and associated complications. By addressing modifiable risk factors, proactive screening, and enhanced awareness, significant strides can be made in reducing CKD burden and improving patient outcomes.
Niosome as a drug delivery carrier for Sorafenib: Preparation, investigation of physicochemical properties, and in vitro effects on HepG2 cell line
Authors: Raeisi Estabragh Mohammad Amin , Behnam Behzad , Torkzadeh-Mahani Masoud , Pardakhty Abbas
Published: October 2024

Purpose: Sorafenib is known as one of the oral anti-cancer drugs used in liver cancer. However, its lipophilic nature can lead to side effects, variable pharmacokinetics, and poor absorption. The use of novel drug delivery systems, such as niosomes, may help address these issues and improve the effectiveness of sorafenib. Methods: Different niosomal formulations of sorafenib were prepared. The morphology, size analysis, and physical stability were investigated. The encapsulation efficiency percent of the selected formulations was measured using the dialysis method, and the release of sorafenib was checked for four hours using the Franz diffusion cell. The cytotoxicity and in vitro effect on the HepG2 cell line was investigated using the MTT assay and flow cytometry. Results: The mean volume diameter of Span 60/ Tween 60/ cholesterol (45/45/10 mole%) niosomal formulation was 6 µm with minimal size changes and good stability over six months of storage. The encapsulation efficiency percent of this formulation was 66.40±1.11, and 61.43±1.42 percent of the drug was released within four h. In vitro release followed Higuchi kinetics. Cytotoxicity tests showed an IC50 of 7.5 µg/mL for the niosomal formulation, compared to 15.96 µg/mL for the sorafenib solution. Conclusion: Niosomes containing Span 60/ Tween 60/ cholesterol (45/45/10 mole%) are promising for loading and sustained release of sorafenib. The use of niosome as a carrier can enhance the effectiveness of sorafenib on the HepG2 cell line. This niosomal formulation of sorafenib shows potential for future studies.
Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection and its Association With Pap Smear Findings Among Women Attending a Gynecology Clinic in Khorasan Razavi-Iran
Authors: Etemad Sareh , Asghari Baghalan Amir Mohammad , Naeimi Bita , Mehrzad Shadi , Adib Amin Saina , Soudyab Mohammad , Jafarzadeh Esfehani Reza
Published: October 2024

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexual transmitted disease and Pap smears and HPV testing are crucial for early detection. Advancements in HPV testing improve accuracy, but optimal screening strategies are still debated. This cross-sectional study explores HPV genotypes and predictors of infection among Iranian women undergoing gynecological screening. Study Design: A retrospective cross-sectional study. Methods: Women undergoing their initial cervical screening enrolled in this study. Cervical cytology samples for Pap smear analysis were collected from women referred to the genetic laboratory of Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi, during gynecological visits, adhering to standardized liquid-based cytology protocols. These samples were obtained over a one-year period since January 2023. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 21.0, with a significance level set at P<0.05. Results: A total of 328 women enrolled in this study. The mean age of participants was 36±11 years and the overall HPV prevalence was 37.5% (n=123). Among HPV-positive women, nearly half (48.7%) had a single HPV genotype. Genotypes 6 (13%), 16 (12.3%), and 53 (6.7%) were the most prevalent types. Notably, high-risk HPV genotypes (16 and 18 among all) were identified in one-fourth of the study population. Women with endocervical/transformation zone cells had 25% higher odds of having HPV infection, and having mild, moderate, and severe inflammation increased the odds of having HPV infection by 14%, 11%, and 20%, respectively. Conclusion: The considerably high prevalence of HPV infection highlights the significance of HPV prevention programs in this population. Neither bacterial vaginosis nor candida infection showed a direct link to HPV positivity.
Lifelines
Authors: The Editors
Published: October 2024

Lifelines