bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Деятельность Всемирной организации здравоохранения по борьбе с насилием в отношении женщин
Authors: СВИЛАС С. Ф. , СЛЕПЦОВА В. М.
Published: December 2021

Насилие в отношении женщин продолжает оставаться одной
из ключевых проблем общественной жизни, поскольку ведет к увеличению по-
казателей смертности и тяжелым последствиям для здоровья. В условиях пан-
демии COVID-19 статистика случаев насилия увеличилась в связи с карантин-
ными мерами и другими ограничениями.
Всемирная организация здравоохранения уделяет международному со-
трудничеству по решению проблемы насилия большое внимание, которое уси-
лилось в условиях реализации Повестки дня ООН в области устойчивого разви-
тия на период до 2030 г.
Посредством институционального и структурно-функционального мето-
дов, метода анализа документов, системного и междисциплинарного подходов,
а также на основе анализа документов ВОЗ и их реализации авторы статьи все-
сторонне характеризуют деятельность организации в XXI в. по борьбе с наси-
лием в отношении женщин.
В статье обоснован тезис о том, что решение проблемы является одним из
приоритетов ВОЗ, выделены основные формы работы организации в этом
направлении, подчеркнута ее роль как авторитетного координатора междуна-
родного сотрудничества в указанной области.
US policy on Taiwan 2002–2018
Authors: BINGLIANG YAN
Published: December 2021

The Taiwan issue has always been the most sensitive and difficult in
China – US relations. This article examines the US policy on Taiwan from 2002 to
2018 in the context of the Sino – US relations related to China’s territorial unification
and sovereignty integrity. The article also concerns the global strategic interests of
the United States. In particular, after the Trump administration came to power it fre-
quently touched China’s bottom line of maintaining adherence to the One China poli-
cy, which led to a rise of the Taiwan issue and aggravated the turmoil in the Taiwan
Strait. The US policy toward Taiwan has changed not only on the issue of peace and
stability across Taiwan Strait but also related to the increased risk of Sino – US mili-
tary conflict.
Therefore, it is very important to consider the US policy toward Taiwan during
outlined period. The author adopts historical analysis and literature research methods,
and based on a significant number of the scientific research results of Chinese and
American scholars. The research content covers the Taiwan policy of the administra-
tion Bush, Obama, and Trump. The author attempts to expose the strategic essence
behind the US policy toward Taiwan, focusing on analyzing the relationship between
US policymaking and the China and Taiwan’ relationship factors. The article finds
that the US Taiwan policy can be generally regarded as subordination to the China
strategy, but there are some cases different from it. On this basis, this article discov-
ers variables of China – US relations, US – Taiwan relations, the United States Con-
gress and Taiwan politics to prove the hypothesis that US Taiwan policy follows the
China’s policy in the majority of cases.
Интеграционная организация как форма международного сотрудничества в целях реализации повестки 2030: теоретико-функциональные аспекты
Authors: ЛЕШЕНЮК О. Н.
Published: December 2021

Данная статья посвящена теоретико-функциональным аспек- там деятельности интеграционной организации как формы международного со- трудничества, основной задачей которой является имплементация Повестки 2030, озвученной на Саммите ООН в 2015 г. Автор рассматривает различные подходы к изучению интеграционных организаций, выделяет их функции: мо- ниторинговую, регулирующую, рекомендательную, информирующую, анали- тическую, стимулирующую, организационно-координирующую. Основной це- лью любой интеграционной структуры является достижение целей устойчивого развития и обеспечение устойчивости государств-членов и самой интеграции. Автор делает вывод, что интеграционные организации образуют особую группу международных структур. Они создаются либо в качестве органов меж- дународных межправительственных организаций и межгосударственных объ- единений, либо в качестве межгосударственных договорных органов, в каче- стве конвенционных органов, либо, в отдельных случаях, в качестве самостоя- тельных международных организаций. В заключении делается вывод о том, что перед любой интеграцией стоит единая общая цель – достижение устойчивости ее членов и самой интеграционной структуры.
Изменение стратегии безопасности Австралии в Азиатско-Тихоокеанском регионе
Authors: МАЛЕВИЧ Ю. И. , ЯРМОШУК К. И.
Published: December 2021

В данном исследовании рассмотрен генезис стратегии без-
опасности Австралии в Азиатско-Тихоокеанском регионе (АТР). Автор выделя-
ет два этапа в генезисе стратегии безопасности, аргументирует хронологиче-
ские рамки выделенных этапов, описывает предпосылки изменения стратегии,
выделяет три составляющие новой стратегии и дает подробную их характери-
стику. Новизна данной работы заключается в том, что она является первым
комплексным русскоязычным исследованием генезиса стратегии безопасности
Австралии в АТР, включающим аргументирование выбора определенной стра-
тегии и условия перехода к новой на основе междисциплинарного анализа пре-
имущественно австралийских источников и историографии. В результате рабо-
ты автор приходит к выводу, что в генезисе стратегии Австралии в АТР стоит
выделить 2 этапа:
1. 2011–2018 гг. – на фоне конкуренции КНР и США в регионе Австралия
применяет стратегию балансирования между США (ее главный военно-
политический партнер) и КНР (ее главный торгово-экономический партнер);
2. 2018 г. – н.в. – стратегия балансирования претерпела ряд изменений, в
результате чего Австралия применяет новую стратегию балансирования. Ре-
зультаты работы могут быть использованы для дальнейшей разработки данной
темы и в более комплексных исследованиях в сфере международной безопас-
ности.
Белорусско-китайское сотрудничество в сфере туризма: состояние и перспективы развития
Authors: ГАЙДУКЕВИЧ Л. М.
Published: December 2021

В статье рассматривается проблематика формирования еди-
ной туристической политики в рамках Евразийского экономического союза в
отношении КНР. На примере сотрудничества Республики Беларусь и Китай-
ской народной республики раскрыта специфика и используемые инструменты
взаимодействия двух стран начиная с 2014 по 2020 гг. Особое значение оба гос-
ударства уделяют сотрудничеству в гуманитарной области, где туризм высту-
пает эффективным инструментом современной коммуникационной политики.
Автор обращает внимание на опыт Китайской Народной Республики
(КНР), которая первой выдержала удар коронавируса COVID-19 и в настоящее
время показывает образец достаточно эффективного восстановления, в том
числе и туристического бизнеса. Проанализированы основные тенденции со-
временного международного туристического рынка, показана поэтапная акти-
визация международного сотрудничества Беларуси и Китая в туристической
сфере, раскрыта специфика безвизовой политики Беларуси с КНР, описаны
особенности двухсторонних отношений в организации туристического обмена с
Китайской Народной Республикой, определены главные направления, пробле-
мы и перспективы развития туризма. Подчеркивая близость Беларуси и России,
автор говорит о необходимости совместных экскурсионных программ для ки-
тайских туристов и использовании потенциала Союзного государства России и
Беларуси, который в настоящее время недостаточно востребован. Особое вни-
мание уделяется перспективному направлению, которое может привлечь китай-
ских путешественников – медицинскому туризму.
Также автор подробно описал трудности, не позволяющие нарастить
въездной поток в Беларусь, с которыми сталкиваются белорусские туристиче-
ские фирмы при работе с туристами из КНР, и дает рекомендации для решения
этих проблем.
Публичная политика в США и ЕС: теоретические подходы
Authors: КЭ ЯН
Published: December 2021

В статье автор, исследуя развитие основных отраслей пуб- личной политики в Соединенных Штатах и некоторых странах континенталь- ной Европы, раскрывает ее основные характеристики и процессы функциони- рования в Соединенных Штатах и крупнейших странах ЕС. Изучены трактовки понятия «публичная политика» представителями раз- личных политических школ, а также проведен комплексный анализ источников, исследующих методологию публичной политики. В процессе анализа толкования публичной политики в США и ЕС выяв- лены три подхода к пониманию термина публичная политика: институциональ- ный, деятельностный и академический. С целью проанализировать и систематизировать основные подходы к по- ниманию публичной политики, используемые в США и ЕС применялись мето- ды анализа, сравнения и обобщения. Основная идея подхода, в котором гражданское общество рассматривает- ся как основной элемент публичной политики, заключается в попытке быть во- влеченным в процесс политической жизни своей страны, но не силой внешних факторов, а самосознанием. Так что народ страны сам по себе превращается в политический элемент. В качестве реакции на такое поведение США и ЕС сти- мулируют граждан к участию в политической жизни. Этот процесс заставляет общество предъявлять высокие требования к публичной политике. В данной статье представлены результаты описательной и сравнительной характеристики подходов США и ЕС к публичной политике, как обобщенный материал и определены ключевые моменты для реализации определенных под- ходов в сфере государственного управления.
Постюгославское пространство: конфликт и внешнее принуждение к миру в Боснии и Герцеговине
Authors: ДЕМЬЯНОВИЧ Ю. Э.
Published: December 2021

В статье рассмотрен процесс участия внешних акторов в
урегулировании конфликта в Боснии и Герцеговине (БиГ) в 1992–1995 гг., ко-
торый являлся наиболее сложным из всех конфликтов, возникших в результате
разрушения Социалистической Федеративной Республики Югославия (СФРЮ).
Жесткое противостояние трех основных этнических групп БиГ (боснийский
сербов, боснийских мусульман и боснийских хорватов) лишало постюгослав-
ское государство возможности найти внутренние источники выхода из кризиса.
На начальном этапе его эскалации, до 1994 г., роль медиатора конфликта взяли
на себя Европейское сообщество (ЕС) и ряд международных организаций, од-
нако их усилия оказались безуспешными. Конфликт в БиГ требовал поиска но-
вых методов для югославского урегулирования. Новые подходы возникли вме-
сте с проявлением стремления Соединенных Штатов Америки (США) исполь-
зовать боснийский конфликт как мусульманскую карту для укрепления своих
сверхдержавных позиций. США решили воспользоваться согласием Совета
Безопасности Организации Объединенных Наций на использование военных
сил Североатлантического Альянса (НАТО) для принуждения сторон к миру.
Это позволило Вашингтону пресечь вооруженную конфронтацию враждующих
сторон силовым воздействием: принуждением враждующих сторон к миру.
Конфликтующие стороны были вынуждены сесть за стол переговоров, в ре-
зультате чего были заключены Дейтонские соглашения, которые изменили гео-
политическую ситуацию на постюгославском пространстве.
Kamu Tüzel Kişiliğinin Ölçütleri Hakkında Değerlendirmeler
Authors: DERDİMAN R. Cengiz
Published: December 2021

Kamu tüzel kişileri, anayasa, kanun ya da Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kararnamesiyle yani kurucu işlemlerle kurulurlar. Bu kuruluşlar bir kısım yetki ve ayrıcalıklara da sahiptirler. Bir kuruluşun Anayasa ya da yukarıdaki kurucu işlemlerden birisi ile açıkça kamu tüzel kişiliği olarak kurulması söz konusu olabilir. Bu durumda bu kuruluş kamu tüzel kişisidir. Bu kuruluşlar kamusal usullere tâbidirler ve organik olarak idare bünyesinde bulunurlar. Bunların özel hukuka tâbi iş ve işlemleri kamu tüzel kişiliği niteliğini değiştirmez. Kamu tüzel kişiliği olduğu belirlenmemiş olan ama kamu hizmetleri yürüten kuruluşlar da vardır. Bunlar kuruluş niteliği itibarıyla kamu tüzel kişisi olsalar da, teşkilâtlanma biçimi ve faaliyetleri açısından özel hukuk tüzel kişisi olarak görülebilirler. Bunların üstlendikleri kamu hizmetlerine bağlı ayrıcalıkları ve yetkileri itibarıyla kamu tüzel kişisiymiş gibi görülmeleri de söz konusudur. Kamu hizmetlerini izin ya da idari sözleşme gibi usullerle üstlenen tüzel kişiler ise hem kuruluşları hem teşkilâtlanmaları ve hem de gördükleri kamu hizmetlerine ilişkin faaliyetleri itibarıyla özel hukuk tüzel kişisidirler. Bunların kamu hizmeti verdikleri 3. kişilerle ilişkilerinde de özel hukuk tüzel kişiliği niteliği değişmemektedir. Ancak bunların kamu hizmetlerine ilişkin olan ve kamu gücü ayrıcalığına dayanan faaliyetleri istisnai olarak kendine özgü bir idari fonksiyon gibi anlaşılabilmektedir.
Tozlu Ortamlarda Çalışanların Sağlığı Üzerine Tozun Etkileri
Authors: ÖZKAN Temuçin , YILDIZ Zehra
Published: December 2021

İş yeri ortamında solunan hava içeriğindeki toz, birçok sanayi kolunda çalışanların sağlığına zarar vermektedir. Endüstriyel işletme faaliyetleri sonucunda işyerinde oluşan tozların uygun toz azaltma veya engelleme yöntemleri uygulanarak tozlu ortamlarda iş sağlığı ve güvenliği sağlanmalıdır. Çalışma ortamındaki toz maruziyeti, pnömokonyoz, asbestoz ve siderozis silikoz gibi birçok meslek hastalığına sebep olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada tozlu ortamda çalışanların maruz kaldığı toz türleri, toz sınır düzeyleri, maruz kalınan tozun çalışan sağlığı üzerindeki etkileri, toz maruziyeti ile ilgili mevzuatlar, tozun sebep olduğu meslek hastalıkları ve korunma yöntemleri değerlendirilmiştir.
MH370 and MH17 airplane catastrophes
Authors: Ting Su-Hie , Kamil Siti Marina , MOHD IDRIS MUHAMMAD IQBAL
Published: December 2021

Reporting verbs are important in news articles on controversial events or issues because of the need to present one’s position on the topic or at least indicate the attitudes of the sources cited in the articles. The The study investigated the usage of reporting verbs in MH370 and MH17 airplane catastrophe in Malaysian English online newspapers. The aspects analysed were the reporting verbs for speaker stance and writer stance. A total of 80 news articles on MH370 and MH17 airplane catastrophes taken from two online English-language Malaysian newspapers, New Straits Time and The Star, were analysed using Thomson and Ye’s (1991) framework on reporting verbs. The analysis identified 931 instances of RVs: 764 instances for speaker stance, and 167 instances for writer stance. On the speaker stance, about 90% of the articles on MH370 and MH17 were reported positively, and the various sources of information were stated clearly. Negative and neutral speaker stances were infrequent. As for writer stance, the overall results showed a balanced use of counter-factive and non-factive reporting of the writer stance (42.51% and 47.90% out of 167 instances). The two newspapers were similar in their use of verbs for reporting the writer stance in MH370 articles in that over half of the writer stances were non-factive, and about 25% were counter-factive. In their coverage on the MH17 catastrophe, The Star maintained the same pattern of balance between non-factive and counter-factive writer stances but New Straits Time leaned towards a counter-factive writer stance, suggesting more critical reporting. The study showed that the articles on airplane catastrophes leaned towards safe reporting focussed on the available details of the incident.
The implementation of Jesus' transformative leadership in leaders and activists of the Protestant Christian church in Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Darsana I Ketut , Daliman Muner , Warnomartoyo Suwarsono , Wahyuni Sri , Tanhidy Jamin
Published: December 2021

Jesus Christ is a role model for leaders, with His leadership still relevant until now. Jesus brought transformation to His community, and this transformative leadership model is needed to renew church ministry and evangelism. This article aims to find out the level of implementation of Jesus' transformative leadership among church leaders and activists of the Protestant Christian Church in Bali (GKPB) at Denpasar. This “traditional” church needs transformation to improve its quality and range of services outside Bali Island. The research used a quantitative method by measuring the Four Dimensions (D) in the concept of transformative leadership of Jesus according to the Gospel of Matthew. Results show that first, the implementation of Jesus' transformative leadership among GKPB Denpasar leaders and activists was found to be in "moderate" level due to the leadership model that was still committed to the system of institutional centralization and local autonomy based on tradition, which became an obstacle to develop mission work outside Bali. Second, the implementation of Jesus' transformative leadership among GKPB Denpasar leaders and activists was more dominantly influenced by the understanding of the Kingdom of Heaven (D2), meaning that leaders of GKPB Bali had practiced the Jesus transformative leadership model. However, the adequate salary and facilities provided by the synod created anthropocentric comfort, which diluted the spirit of the mission. Third, the background of "long-serving" (L5) dominantly influenced GKPB Denpasar leaders and activists to adjust Jesus’s transformative leadership model, but this was not yet able to fully optimize the practice. Therefore, GPKB Denpasar leaders and activists need to shift from the traditional paradigm to the transformative one to carry out personal and institutional transformations to improve their quality, range of services and answer future challenges.
Motives, benefits, and challenges of Higher Education expansion in China
Authors: Chunga Jasmin Omary , Ngao Ayubu Ismail
Published: December 2021

China believes in education as an investment of human capital for future returns. It has been a long-time desire for the Chinese government to expand and invest in higher education. The leadership of Deng Xiaoping inspired Chinese people about education it should be open over the world, for the future, and towards modernization. The purpose of higher education in global views is to promote the development of a nation in political, economic, technical, and social spheres. There are gradual changes in higher education after the open policy in China, which influences the expansion of higher education institutions. Higher education acts as a tunnel to prepare several professionals and talents, which will be helpful to the social changes in science and social science programs. Global competence leads the Chinese government to expand higher education in enrollment rate and improves the quality of higher education in acquiring competent knowledge that copes with the global market. This paper focused on reviewing literary works on motives, benefits, and challenges of higher education expansion in China through reviewing different studies from local and international perspectives. From compulsory through higher education, the curriculum should place a greater emphasis on competency. To deal with the wind of unemployment caused by the rise of higher education in China, the government should encourage and support graduates to find innovative and creative skills. For China's economy to grow quicker, a well-educated society requires graduates to apply their skills to solve many societal problems.
Analisis Kinerja Wireless Access Point Menggunakan Wifi Monitoring Tools Berbasis Raspberry Pi 3
Authors: Antero Ganner , Rasyid Abdul , Atmadja Martono Dwi
Published: December 2021

Komputer mini sekarang cukup maju hingga dapat dimanfaatkan dalam berbagai bidang. Salah satu komputer mini yang banyak digunakan adalah Raspberry Pi 3. Raspberry Pi 3 adalah salah satu komputer mini yang memiliki fitur berupa wireless LAN. Fitur wireless LAN pada komputer mini dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai Wireless Access Point. Sehingga Raspberry Pi 3 dapat menjadi alternatif Wireless Access Point. Namun komputer mini mempunyai kemampuan yang berbeda dengan Wireless Access Point pada umumnya karena mempunyai spesifikasi yang berbeda. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kinerja dari Wireless Access Point yang berbasis Raspberry Pi 3. Raspberry Pi 3 dihubungkan dengan laptop yang sudah terhubung dengan internet melalui kabel LAN dengan tujuan agar Raspberry Pi 3 dapat terhubung ke internet. Raspberry Pi 3 dikonfigurasikan sebagai Wireless Access Point (WAP) dan diprogram untuk pengambilan data dan monitoring yang berupa trafik dan informasi user yang ditampilkan dalam tampilan web. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan pengujian Raspberry Pi 3 sebagai Wireless Access Point. Kemampuan Raspberry Pi 3 sebagai Wireless Access Point sangat dipengaruhi oleh trafik yang dilakukan oleh user. Menurut hasil pengujian Raspberry Pi 3 sebagai Wireless Access Point memiliki batas maksimum user sejumlah 13 dengan beban trafik yang tinggi, 17 user dengan beban yang sedang dan 27 dengan beban yang rendah. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Raspberry Pi 3 layak digunakan sebagai Wireless Access point dalam skala kecil.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Kendali Penyiram Tanaman Jalan Berbasis Kelembaban
Authors: Atyasa Hardi Putra , Suharto Nugroho , Imammuddin Azam Muzakhim
Published: December 2021

Karena panjangnya lahan tanaman di jalan biasanya banyak tanaman yanglayu atau rusak karena tidak terkontrol penyiramannya. Petugas penyiram tanaman di jalan biasanya menyiram tanaman tersebut secara berkala. Penyiraman tanaman jalan kadang menimbulkan kemacetan kecil dan ada bagian tanaman yang tidak tersiram karena dilakukan secara manual.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat rancang bangun sistem kendalipenyiram tanaman jalan berbasis kelembaban menggunakan sensor soil moisture, nodeMCU, modul relay, regulator voltage, dan dynamo sprayer. Hasil kinerja perangkat ini berpengaruh dari waktu jadwal penyiraman dan kadar kelembabantanah pada tanaman. Hasil Perancangan dan pengujian alat diperoleh rancangan sistem penyiramtanaman secara otomatis dan dapat memonitor kelembaban tanah tanaman dengan platform thingspeak melalui web browser. Penyiraman akan dilakukan otomatis saat masuk waktu jadwal penyiraman dan kelembaban tanah kering. Hasil pembacaan sensor soil terhadap kelembaban tanah berupa range nilai ADC sebesar500 – 900 saat kondisi sensor basah sedangkan 901 - 1023 saat sensor dalam keadaan kering. Nilai delay pengiriman data hasil sistem monitoring kelembaban tanah sebesar 0.473 ms pada node 1, 0.433 ms pada node 2, dan 0.245 pada node 3. Dimana nilai delay tiap node tersebut dikategorikan baik (0 – 150 ms) sesuai standar ITUT.
Knowledge, Attitude, And Practice Towards Antibiotic Resistance Among General Practitioners in Polyclinics in Yerevan, Armenia
Authors: Muradyan Diana , Demirchyan Anahit , Petrosyan Varduhi
Published: December 2021

Aim: The objectives of the study were measuring knowledge, attitude, and practice scores among general practitioners on antibiotic resistance; exploring associations between antibiotics prescribing practice score among general practitioners and their knowledge and attitude scores after adjusting for other factors; and identifying barriers for rational antibiotics prescription by general practitioners.

Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. A self-administered survey was conducted among general practitioners employed in private and public polyclinics in Yerevan, Armenia. All general practitioners, working in Yerevan polyclinics and fluent in the Armenian language, were eligible for the study. The study was conducted in primary healthcare facilities of Yerevan, Armenia. All polyclinics (n=18) serving 30,000 or more populations were included in the study. All general practitioners available in selected polyclinics at the time of the survey were invited to take part in the survey, to target 20 general practitioners from each polyclinic.

Results: Overall, 291 general practitioners participated in the study. Knowledge, attitude, and practice mean percent scores were 58.3%, 67.5%, and 63.0%, respectively. In the adjusted analysis, the practice percent score was significantly associated with the attitude percent score, though the relationship between the practice and knowledge scores was insignificant. The main barriers reported by general practitioners: lack of rapid diagnostic tests, high costs of laboratory tests, high costs of some antibiotics, and lack of guidelines.

Conclusion: Identified low knowledge, attitude, and practice mean percent scores suggest a need for improvements in these areas. Availability of rapid and inexpensive diagnostic tests, enforcement of prescriptions could potentially prevent the development of antibiotic resistance.

Keywords: drug resistance, general practitioners, polyclinics, prescribing
Obtención de β-glucanos de esporomas silvestres y micelio in vitro de Lycoperdon perlatum
Authors: Díaz-Talamantes César , Burrola-Aguilar Cristina , Estrada-Zúñiga María Elena , Zepeda-Gómez Carmen
Published: December 2021

Antecedentes: Lycoperdon perlatum es un hongo silvestre comestible valorado tradicionalmente como alimento nutriti-vo, con propiedades terapéuticas y medicinales, además de presentar potencial biotecnológico. Objetivo: El objetivo fue evaluar la producción de β-glucanos en L. perlatum a partir del micelio producido in vitro y de esporomas silvestres. Métodos: Se utilizó micelio propagado en fermentación en estado líquido (LSF) y esporomas silvestres recolectados en un bosque de Pinus-Abies. La biomasa de ambos materiales fúngicos se secó y procesó para obtener los β-glucanos mediante extracciones sucesivas en solución acuosa y alcalina. Los extractos fueron purificados y caracterizados por espectroscopía infrarroja por transformada de Fourier (FTIR). Resultados y conclusiones: Se encontró que los esporomas presentaron la mayor concentración de β-glucanos con 13.80 g de β-glucanos totales por 100 g de biomasa seca, de los cuales, 2.36 g de β-glucanos por 100 g de biomasa seca corresponden a la fracción acuosa y 11.58 g a la fracción alcalina. El micelio presentó 11.50 g de β-glucanos por 100 g de biomasa seca, de los cuales 1.40 g corresponden a fracción acuosa y 10.11 g corresponden a fracción alcalina. El espectro FTIR de los precipitados muestra las bandas características de un β-glucano.
Calcium-Prolactin Secretion Coupling in Rat Pituitary Lactotrophs Is Controlled by PI4-Kinase Alpha
Authors: Kučka Marek , Gonzalez-Iglesias Arturo E. , Tomić Melanija , Prévide Rafael M. , Smiljanic Kosara , Sokanovic Srdjan J. , Fletcher Patrick A. , Sherman Arthur , Balla Tamas , Stojilkovic Stanko S.
Published: December 2021

The role of calcium, but not of other intracellular signaling molecules, in the release of pituitary hormones by exocytosis is well established. Here, we analyzed the contribution of phosphatidylinositol kinases (PIKs) to calcium-driven prolactin (PRL) release in pituitary lactotrophs: PI4Ks - which control PI4P production, PIP5Ks - which synthesize PI(4, 5)P2 by phosphorylating the D-5 position of the inositol ring of PI4P, and PI3KCs – which phosphorylate PI(4, 5)P2 to generate PI(3, 4, 5)P3. We used common and PIK-specific inhibitors to evaluate the strength of calcium-secretion coupling in rat lactotrophs. Gene expression was analyzed by single-cell RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR analysis; intracellular and released hormones were assessed by radioimmunoassay and ELISA; and single-cell calcium signaling was recorded by Fura 2 imaging. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed the expression of Pi4ka, Pi4kb, Pi4k2a, Pi4k2b, Pip5k1a, Pip5k1c, and Pik3ca, as well as Pikfyve and Pip4k2c, in lactotrophs. Wortmannin, a PI3K and PI4K inhibitor, but not LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, blocked spontaneous action potential driven PRL release with a half-time of ~20 min when applied in 10 µM concentration, leading to accumulation of intracellular PRL content. Wortmannin also inhibited increase in PRL release by high potassium, the calcium channel agonist Bay K8644, and calcium mobilizing thyrotropin-releasing hormone without affecting accompanying calcium signaling. GSK-A1, a specific inhibitor of PI4KA, also inhibited calcium-driven PRL secretion without affecting calcium signaling and Prl expression. In contrast, PIK93, a specific inhibitor of PI4KB, and ISA2011B and UNC3230, specific inhibitors of PIP5K1A and PIP5K1C, respectively, did not affect PRL release. These experiments revealed a key role of PI4KA in calcium-secretion coupling in pituitary lactotrophs downstream of voltage-gated and PI(4, 5)P2-dependent calcium signaling.
Linking Corporate Social Responsibility to Workplace Deviant Behaviors: Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction
Authors: Memon Khalid Rasheed , Zada Muhammad , Ghani Bilqees , Ullah Rezwan , Azim Mohammad Tahlil , Mubarik Muhammad Shujaat , Vega-Muñoz Alejandro , Castillo Dante
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this article is to present a mechanism through which the deviant work behaviors of employees can be dealt-with positively through corporate good deeds in the form of fulfilling social responsibilities. Based on the spirit of social identity theory and social exchange theory, the study explores the relationships of various deviant behaviors with corporate social responsibility (CSR) through the mediation mechanism of job satisfaction. Data were collected from 385 employees of 40 large manufacturing organizations involved in CSR activities operating in Pakistan. A self-report survey was conducted using a close-ended questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SEM through Mplus 7. The results reveal that both internal and external CSR contribute to the reduced level of turnover intention, counterproductive work behaviors, and prohibitive voice behaviors. Job satisfaction fully mediates the relationship for internal CSR while partially mediates for external CSR. The study encourages the practitioners to avail approaches that convey the feelings of care, concern, and safety, representing internal CSR practices through diverse HR interventions, organizational support, and justice. They should also keep up the socially responsible behaviors aiming toward the larger community.
Change Points Detection and Trend Analysis to Characterize Changes in Meteorologically Normalized Air Pollutant Concentrations
Authors: Gagliardi Roberta Valentina , Andenna Claudio
Published: December 2021

Identifying changes in ambient air pollution levels and establishing causation is a research area of strategic importance to assess the effectiveness of air quality interventions. A major challenge in pursuing these objectives is represented by the confounding effects of the meteorological conditions which easily mask or emphasize changes in pollutants concentrations. In this study, a methodological procedure to analyze changes in pollutants concentrations levels after accounting for changes in meteorology over time was developed. The procedure integrated several statistical tools, such as the change points detection and trend analysis that are applied to the pollutants concentrations meteorologically normalized using a machine learning model. Data of air pollutants and meteorological parameters, collected over the period 2013–2019 in a rural area affected by anthropic emissive sources, were used to test the procedure. The joint analysis of the obtained results with the available metadata allowed providing plausible explanations of the observed air pollutants behavior. Consequently, the procedure appears promising in elucidating those changes in the air pollutant levels not easily identifiable in the original data, supplying valuable information to identify an atmospheric response after an intervention or an unplanned event.
Reliability of the Hip Extension Lower Exercise as a Measure of Eccentric Hamstring Strength
Authors: O’Brien Joey , Browne Declan , Earls Des , Lodge Clare
Published: December 2021

Hamstring strain injury (HSI) is a very common lower-body injury in field sports, and eccentric (ECC) hamstring strength is a potential modifiable risk factor, therefore having reliable eccentric hamstring strength assessments is critical. The aim of this study was to access test–retest reliability of the hip extension lower (HEL) exercise as a measure of ECC hamstring strength and inter-limb asymmetries. Twelve male elite level soccer players (mean; age: 21.8 years; height: 180.4 cm; weight: 75.7 kg) volunteered to participate in this study. Participants were from the same soccer club, covered all playing positions, and had no current injury issues. Participants performed two familiarization sessions to acquaint themselves with the device and exercise protocol. During testing, each participant performed three repetitions with 60s intra-set recovery provided. Average and peak force (N) was recorded for both limbs. Testing sessions took place on the same day and time over a two-week pre-season period and followed a full recovery day. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Coefficient of Variation (CV%), Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) and Typical Error (TE) were used to assess reliability. The HEL showed excellent reliability for average force (N) in the left (ICC (95% CI) = 0.9 (0.7–0.97); TE = 14.1 N, CV% = 1.87; MDC = 39.06 N) and right (ICC (95% CI) = 0.91 (0.73–0.97); TE = 20.89 N, CV% = 3.26; MDC = 57.87 N) limb, and also excellent reliability for peak force in the left (ICC (95% CI) = 0.91 (0.71–0.97); TE = 13.55 N, CV% = 1.61; MDC = 57.87 N) and right (ICC (95% CI) = 0.9 (0.7–0.97); TE = 21.70 N, CV% = 3.31; MDC = 60.11 N) limb. This data suggests the HEL as a reliable measure of both ECC hamstring strength and inter-limb asymmetries. Practitioners should consider the HEL as a reliable choice for measuring and monitoring eccentric hamstring strength in their athletes.
Automotive Vulnerability Analysis for Deep Learning Blockchain Consensus Algorithm
Authors: Kim Seong-Kyu
Published: December 2021

In this study, future cars are attempting self-driving around the world. However, hacking, such as ECUs in automobiles, creates problems that are directly connected to human life. Therefore, this study wrote a paper that detects anomalies in such cars by field. As a related study, the study investigated the vulnerabilities of the automobile security committee and automobile security standards and investigated the detection of abnormalities in the hacking of geo-train cars using artificial intelligence’s LSTM and blockchain consensus algorithm. In addition, in automobile security, an algorithm was studied to predict normal and abnormal values using LSTM-based anomaly detection techniques on the premise that automobile communication networks are largely divided into internal and external networks. In the methodology, LSTM’s pure propagation malicious code detection technique was used, and it worked with an artificial intelligence consensus algorithm to increase security. In addition, Unity ML conducted an experiment by constructing a virtual environment using the Beta version. The LSTM blockchain consensus node network was composed of 50,000 processes to compare performance. For the first time, 100 Grouped Tx, 500 Channels were tested for performance. For the first time, the malicious code detection rate of the existing system was verified. Accelerator, Multichannel, Sharding, Raiden, Plasma, and Trubit values were verified, and values of approximately 15,000 to 50,000 were obtained. In this paper, we studied to become a paper of great significance on hacking that threatens human life with the development of self-driving cars in the future.
Net-Metering vs. Net-Billing from the Investors Perspective—Impacts of Changes in RES Financing in Poland on the Profitability of a Joint Photovoltaic Panels and Heat Pump System
Authors: Trela Mariusz , Dubel Anna
Published: December 2021

The paper explores the impacts of changes in renewable energy sources (RES) financing in Poland on the profitability of coupled photovoltaic panels and heat pump systems. The profitability analysis is conducted with the use of Net Present Value calculation and the return on investment period. The degree of change in profitability of using photovoltaic panels in Poland is dependent on the method of their financing. The analysis is carried out for two different photovoltaic support schemes: (1) the net-metering scheme currently in force in Poland; (2) the net-billing system scheduled for implementation in the year 2022. It is assumed for the analysis that two alternative heating and electricity supply systems for a single-family building will be operated: (a) a standard solution used in Poland consisting of a natural gas-fired boiler for heating and the purchase of electricity from the power grid, (b) an air/water heat pump used to heat the building, and electricity obtained from photovoltaic panels, also used to power the heat pump. A sensitivity analysis is carried out, examining the impact of several key parameters relevant for the profitability of such investments, such as average annual increase in the purchasing or selling prices of electricity, purchasing prices of natural gas, and inflation rate. The conclusions concern the possible consequences of introducing a new support scheme for photovoltaics in Poland. The highest profitability of all considered solutions is for the current scenario for heat pump and pv installation with the capacity to meet the demand in the last year of operation. The introduction of changes in the new RES law (2021) in Poland will reduce the profitability of investments in pv panels, leading to a slowdown in the investments in the pv installations.
Mental Health and Psychological Impact during COVID-19 Pandemic: An Online Survey of Portuguese Higher Education Students
Authors: Laranjeira Carlos , Dixe Maria Anjos , Valentim Olga , Charepe Zaida , Querido Ana
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant psychological impact on vulnerable groups, particularly students. The present study aims to investigate the mental and psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated factors in a sample of Portuguese higher education students. An online cross-sectional study was conducted among 1522 higher education students selected by convenience sampling. The survey assessed mental health symptoms as well as sociodemographic variables, health-related perceptions, and psychological factors. Results were fitted to binary and multivariable logistic regression models. The overall prevalences of stress, anxiety, and depression were 35.7%, 36.2%, and 28.5%, respectively. Poor mental health outcomes were related with being female, having no children, living with someone with chronic disease, facing hopelessness, and lacking resilient coping. Future studies focusing on better ways to promote mental health and wellbeing among students are warranted. It is necessary to gather more evidence on the post-pandemic mental health using robust study designs and standardized assessment tools.
Maternal Mental Health under COVID-19 Pandemic in Thailand
Authors: Sirikul Wachiranun , Ongprasert Krongporn , Piankusol Chanodom , Siviroj Penprapa
Published: December 2021

Numerous nations have implemented lockdown measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. As a consequence of the lockdown on daily living, social participation, and health service accessibility, vulnerable people, for example, new mothers, may experience an increase in mental health problems. This cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on Thai new mothers and the variables affecting their mental health. The survey data were collected from 903 Thai mothers with infants aged 0–12 months using an online platform and a face-to-face interview questionnaire survey between 17 July and 17 October 2020, during the first nationwide COVID-19 lockdown period. For the final analysis, there were 862 participants who completed all of the questions. The full exploratory analysis was performed by multivariable linear regression to identify the variables influencing maternal mental health. Our study demonstrated that new mothers reported feeling a high extent to some extent of worry (44.9%), increased appetite (40.4%), becoming easily annoyed or irritable (39.1%), and feeling down (33.5%), whereas 82.7% felt able to cope with the first lockdown situation. Practiced relaxation techniques were associated with positive maternal mental health (adjusted β = 1.05, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.52, p < 0.001). The perceived impact of the COVID-19 lockdown was on the household’s ability to pay for rent, to make mortgage payments (adjusted β = −1.59, 95% CI −2.87 to −0.36, p = 0.011), the household’s ability to pay for other essentials, such as utilities and medication (adjusted β = −1.99, 95% CI −3.16 to −0.81, p = 0.001), household crowding after lockdown (adjusted β = −3.46, 95% CI −4.86 to −2.06, p < 0.001), and not going outside or doing outdoor activities (adjusted β = −2.22, 95% CI −3.35 to −1.08, p < 0.001). These impacts were significantly associated with negative mental health. In conclusion, our results emphasize the critical need for continuous monitoring of maternal mental health and developing an effective response strategy and activity for promoting maternal mental health under the stress of repetitive lockdowns and increased economic pressures.
Real-Time Driving Behavior Identification Based on Multi-Source Data Fusion
Authors: Ma Yongfeng , Xie Zhuopeng , Chen Shuyan , Wu Ying , Qiao Fengxiang
Published: December 2021

Real-time driving behavior identification has a wide range of applications in monitoring driver states and predicting driving risks. In contrast to the traditional approaches that were mostly based on a single data source with poor identification capabilities, this paper innovatively integrates driver expression into driving behavior identification. First, 12-day online car-hailing driving data were collected in a non-intrusive manner. Then, with vehicle kinematic data and driver expression data as inputs, a stacked Long Short-Term Memory (S-LSTM) network was constructed to identify five kinds of driving behaviors, namely, lane keeping, acceleration, deceleration, turning, and lane changing. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and XGBoost algorithms were also employed as a comparison. Additionally, ten sliding time windows of different lengths were introduced to generate driving behavior identification samples. The results show that, using all sources of data yields better results than using the kinematic data only, with the average F1 value improved by 0.041, while the S-LSTM algorithm is better than the ANN and XGBoost algorithms. Furthermore, the optimal time window length is 3.5 s, with an average F1 of 0.877. This study provides an effective method for real-time driving behavior identification, and thereby supports the driving pattern analysis and Advanced Driving Assistance System.
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Gene Alterations Define Specific Features of a Subset of Glioblastomas
Authors: Scheer Maximilian , Leisz Sandra , Sorge Eberhard , Storozhuk Olha , Prell Julian , Ho Ivy , Harder Anja
Published: December 2021

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) gene mutations or alterations occur within neurofibromatosis type 1 as well as in many different malignant tumours on the somatic level. In glioblastoma, NF1 loss of function plays a major role in inducing the mesenchymal (MES) subtype and, therefore defining the most aggressive glioblastoma. This is associated with an immune signature and mediated via the NF1–MAPK–FOSL1 axis. Specifically, increased invasion seems to be regulated via mutations in the leucine-rich domain (LRD) of the NF1 gene product neurofibromin. Novel targets for therapy may arise from neurofibromin deficiency-associated cellular mechanisms that are summarised in this review.
Synthesis of 3-Amino-4-substituted Monocyclic ß-Lactams—Important Structural Motifs in Medicinal Chemistry
Authors: Grabrijan Katarina , Strašek Nika , Gobec Stanislav
Published: December 2021

Monocyclic ß-lactams (azetidin-2-ones) exhibit a wide range of biological activities, the most important of which are antibacterial, anticancer, and cholesterol absorption inhibitory activities. The synthesis of decorated monocyclic ß-lactams is challenging because their ring is highly constrained and consequently reactive, which is also an important determinant of their biological activity. We present the optimized synthesis of orthogonally protected 3-amino-4-substituted monocyclic ß-lactams. Among several possible synthetic approaches, Staudinger cycloaddition proved to be the most promising method for initial ring formation, yielding monocyclic ß-lactams with different substituents at the C-4 position, a phthalimido-protected 3-amino group, and a (dimethoxy)benzyl protected ring nitrogen. Challenging deprotection methods were then investigated. Oxidative cleavage with cerium ammonium nitrate and ammonia-free Birch reduction was found to be most effective for selective removal of ring nitrogen protection. Hydrazine hydrate was used for deprotection of the phthalimido group, and the procedure had to be modified by the addition of HCl in the case of aromatic substituents at the C-4 position. The presented methods and the synthesized 3-amino-4-substituted monocyclic ß-lactam derivatives are an important step toward new ß-lactams with potential pharmacological activities.
Anorexigenic Effects of Intermittent Hypoxia on the Gut—Brain Axis in Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Authors: Shobatake Ryogo , Ota Hiroyo , Takahashi Nobuyuki , Ueno Satoshi , Sugie Kazuma , Takasawa Shin
Published: December 2021

Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is a breathing disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of upper-airway collapse, resulting in intermittent hypoxia (IH) during sleep. Experimental studies with animals and cellular models have indicated that IH leads to attenuation of glucose-induced insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells and to enhancement of insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and cells, such as the liver (hepatocytes), adipose tissue (adipocytes), and skeletal muscles (myocytes), both of which could lead to obesity. Although obesity is widely recognized as a major factor in SAS, it is controversial whether the development of SAS could contribute directly to obesity, and the effect of IH on the expression of appetite regulatory genes remains elusive. Appetite is regulated appropriately by both the hypothalamus and the gut as a gut–brain axis driven by differential neural and hormonal signals. In this review, we summarized the recent epidemiological findings on the relationship between SAS and feeding behavior and focused on the anorexigenic effects of IH on the gut–brain axis by the IH-induced up-regulation of proopiomelanocortin and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript in neuronal cells and the IH-induced up-regulation of peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide-1 and neurotensin in enteroendocrine cells and their molecular mechanisms.
Telomerase Interaction Partners–Insight from Plants
Authors: Fulnečková Jana , Dokládal Ladislav , Kolářová Karolína , Nešpor Dadejová Martina , Procházková Klára , Gomelská Sabina , Sivčák Martin , Adamusová Kateřina , Lyčka Martin , Peska Vratislav , Dvořáčková Martina , Sýkorová Eva
Published: December 2021

Telomerase, an essential enzyme that maintains chromosome ends, is important for genome integrity and organism development. Various hypotheses have been proposed in human, ciliate and yeast systems to explain the coordination of telomerase holoenzyme assembly and the timing of telomerase performance at telomeres during DNA replication or repair. However, a general model is still unclear, especially pathways connecting telomerase with proposed non-telomeric functions. To strengthen our understanding of telomerase function during its intracellular life, we report on interactions of several groups of proteins with the Arabidopsis telomerase protein subunit (AtTERT) and/or a component of telomerase holoenzyme, POT1a protein. Among these are the nucleosome assembly proteins (NAP) and the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) system, which reveal new insights into the telomerase interaction network with links to telomere chromatin assembly and replication. A targeted investigation of 176 candidate proteins demonstrated numerous interactions with nucleolar, transport and ribosomal proteins, as well as molecular chaperones, shedding light on interactions during telomerase biogenesis. We further identified protein domains responsible for binding and analyzed the subcellular localization of these interactions. Moreover, additional interaction networks of NAP proteins and the DOMINO1 protein were identified. Our data support an image of functional telomerase contacts with multiprotein complexes including chromatin remodeling and cell differentiation pathways.