bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementasi Kebijakan Beasiswa Bidikmisi: Studi Kasus di Universitas Diponegoro (2018)
Authors: Roziqin Ali , Yusuf Irfan Murtadho
Published: March 2020

Bidikmisi program is an effort of government policy to improve the quality of resources while preparing superior human resources in the future. Diponegoro University is a state university in Central Java Province which is one of the implementers of Bidikmisi program. This article aims to analyze how the implementation of Bidikmisi scholarship policies in Diponegoro University. This article uses a descriptive qualitative approach.Ther result is implementation of the policy still encountered several problems such as misdirected, the distribution of monthly allowances that are often late, convoluted bureaucracy and minimum monitoring and monitoring of relevant stakeholders. Based on these considerations, Authors tries to give advice to stakeholders namely to provide living expenses provided to students. Related to financial management training, and entrepreneurship. Increase selectivity in determining bidikmisi students. Simplify the bureaucratic process so that it does not hamper the process of disbursing monthly living expenses. Facilitating bidikmisi students with empowering programs. As well as improving the monitoring and coordination system from the department level to the university with an integrated system. Kebijakan bidikmisi merupakan salah satu upaya kebijakan pemerintah untuk meningkatkan kualitas sumberdaya sekaligus menyiapkan sumberdaya manusia yang unggul di masa depan. Universitas Diponegoro merupakan perguruan tinggi negeri di Provinsi Jawa Tengah yang menjadi salah satu pelaksana kebijakan bidikmisi. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana implementasi kebijakan beasiswa bidikmisi yang ada di lingkungan Universitas Diponegoro. Artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  implementasi dari kebijakan tersebut masih ditemui beberapa masalah seperti salah sasaran, penyaluran uang saku bulanan yang sering terlambat, birokrasi yang berbelit-belit dan minimnya monitoring serta koordinasi dari stakeholder yang terkait. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, penulis mencoba untuk memberikan saran kepada stakeholders yaitu melakukan penyesuaian biaya hidup bulanan yang diberikan kepada mahasiswa. Memberikan pelatihan manajemen keuangan, dan entrepreneurship. Meningkatkan selektifitas dalam penetapan mahasiswa bidikmisi. Menyederhanakan proses birokrasi sehingga tidak menghambat proses pencairan biaya hidup bulanan. Memfasilitasi mahasiswa-mahasiswa bidikmisi dengan program yang sifatnya memperdayakan. Serta memperbaiki sistem monitoring dan koordinasi mulai dari tingkat jurusan hingga universitas dengan sebuah sistem yang terintegrasi.
Sytuacja Asyryjczyków na Bliskim Wschodzie w czasie I wojny światowej
Authors: Letko Paweł
Published: March 2020

Asyryjczycy to jedna z najmniej znanych starożytnych społeczności chrześcijańskich Bliskiego Wschodu. W latach 1914-1918 władze tureckie przy udziale Kurdów rozpoczęły masowe deportacje i fizyczną likwidację chrześcijan – Ormian, Greków i Asyryjczyków. Do niedawna Asyryjczycy byli najbardziej zapomnianymi ofiarami tej zbrodni. W zbiorowej pamięci Asyryjczyków lata I wojny światowej zapisały się jako seyfo, co w języku aramejskim oznacza miecz. Określenie seyfo funkcjonuje jako synonim holocaustu asyryjskich chrześcijan. Artykuł jest próbą przedstawienia ludobójstwa dokonanego na Asyryjczykach w latach 1914-1918, z uwzględnieniem tła militarnego i politycznego oraz roli, jaką w opisywanych wydarzeniach odegrały światowe mocarstwa. Nie można także zapominać, że podstawowym powodem eksterminacji Asyryjczyków była ich religia i fakt, że mimo groźby utraty życia, nie chcieli się jej wyrzec. Na początku I wojny światowej w Imperium Osmańskim chrześcijanie stanowili ok. 1/3 społeczeństwa. W wyniku opisywanych wydarzeń chrześcijańsko-muzułmańska Turcja stała się krajem całkowicie muzułmańskim.
Dlaczego śmierć nie jest taka zła?
Authors: Ferdynus Marcin
Published: March 2020

Celem artykułu jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie o to, dlaczego śmierć nie jest taka zła. Autor twierdzi, że śmierć niekoniecznie musi być aż tak zła, jak to opisują Thomas Nagel czy Jeff  McMahan. Według autora śmierć nie jest absolutnym złem, nie ma też śmierci lepszych i gorszych. Nie ma też powodu, by sądzić, że śmierć jest dobra (wartościowa) jedynie w tym sensie, jak to opisują Bernard Williams, czy Leon Kass. Śmierć jest dobra, ponieważ dzięki niej osoba ludzka aktualizuje swoje potencjalności (poznanie, pragnienia, miłość), osiągając pełnię życia.
Computer Based Testing in Senior High School on National Examination
Authors: Alek Alek , Marzuki Abdul Gafur , Surahman Dede , Daryanto Dedi , Febrianto Sanidaya
Published: March 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate the students’ perception of computer-based testing in national examination and determine the extent to which cheating in exams would be eliminated by the adoption of CBT in National examination. Relevant to the purpose of the study, the researchers decide to use a qualitative case study since it was taken place in a natural setting and the data was collecting using questionnaire. This study conducted in one of senior high school in Jakarta Timur. Then, the participants in this study were 30 students of twelfth-grade students. The results of this study are almost 30 students give their perception that the CBT is the effective one for the students in the final examination and the CBT produces a good final examination the elimination of cheating cases in the national examination consumes time in each question.
Social doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church: the creative work of women
Authors: Pohorila L.M.
Published: March 2020

The urgency of the issues discussed in the article is due to the fact that a person always stood and will be at the center of the interests of any religious structure, and especially if that structure is such an authoritative, powerful and influential Church as the Roman Catholic one. Today, centralized Catholicism presents its social position as a moral improvement of a person through cooperation with other people for the sake of a common and perfect future. The purpose of the article is to examine the social concept of Catholicism, which is pervaded by the ideas of providentialism. The latter is characteristic of considering the social development of mankind in accordance with God's plan. The crown of creation of the Most High is man (man and woman, regardless of gender), so "the Church implements her plan through man, but not in the abstract, but in a concrete, living, social dimension," - says Cardinal Joseph Goffner. Through the constant evangelization of humanity, the Church seeks to influence the improvement of human life and seeks to point to Christianity as a faithful way of life. But a world where the horrors of war have been replaced by the "war of civilizations," you will not call the "war of cultures" perfect. Nor can one see the great desire of mankind for moral development, spiritual perfection, but only the desire for the accumulation of material goods.
Characteristics of wool raw materials in the Southern Federal District
Authors: Kolosov Yu. A. , Aboneev V. V. , Abdulmuslimov A. M. , Kiselev A. S.
Published: March 2020

Relevance. Sheep wool is one of the types of products that requires high energy costs of feed. Therefore, sheep breeding should be based in regions that allow for their soil and climate conditions to contain animals of this type with the lowest material costs. One of these regions of the Russian Federation is the southern Federal district. Assessment of the state of fine wool production in the region makes it possible to develop a science-based strategic program for managing this process, which can be universal and used in relation to other territories. This is the relevance of our research.

Methods. Analytical, statistical, computational, and biometric research methods were used for their implementation.

Results. As a result, it was found that there is currently a certain stagnation in the production of Merino wool in the Southern Federal District. Therefore, additional means of regional and federal support are needed to encourage producers to increase the number of sheep that produce uniform wool. Certification of wool based on methods consistent with international standards of the IWTO countries in this territory revealed a number of qualitative features of the raw materials produced. The largest share in the structure of produced wool — 79–93% — is occupied by raw materials with a diameter of the cross section of the fibers of 20.6–23.0 microns. Very insignificant is volume of wool diameter of the cross section of the fibers less than 20.5 microns — less than 1%. It is produced only in the Rostov region. It was also established that the share of wool with contamination by easily-and difficult-to-separate impurities at the level of 1.5–2% is from 38 to 100% of the produced wool in different regions of the district. The authors propose a system of complex selection and technological techniques to improve the quality of fine wool produced.
O TRATAMENTO DA CULTURA EM DICIONÁRIOS DE INGLÊS
Authors: Caetano Fernanda Silva Medeiros
Published: March 2020

O TRATAMENTO DA CULTURA EM DICIONÁRIOS DE INGLÊSResumo: Este artigo analisa o tratamento cultural dado aos dicionários de inglês monolíngues, bilíngues e híbridos nas versões impressa e eletrônica. Identifica, por meio da pesquisa documental, as informações de caráter cultural associadas às palavras-entrada em tais dicionários. Além disso, destaca as contribuições das pesquisas lexicográficas, metalexicográficas e demais pesquisadores das ciências do léxico. Os resultados mostraram que as informações culturais estão presentes na macroestrutura e microestrutura dos dicionários.Palavras-chave: Lexicografia; Dicionários; Cultura; Inglês. TREATMENT OF CULTURE IN ENGLISH DICTIONARIESAbstract: This article analyzes the cultural treatment given to the monolingual, bilingual and hybrids English dictionaires in eletronic and printed version. Identifies by documental research the cultural information combined to entries in such dictionaries. Furthermore, highlights the lexicographic, metalexicographic and other lexical researches sciences. Results shown that the cultural informations are present in the micro structure and macro structure of dictionaries.Keywords: Lexicography; Dictionaries; Culture; English.EL TRATAMIENTO DE LA CULTURA EN DICCIONARIOS DE INGLÉSResumen: Este artículo analiza el tratamiento cultural dado a los diccionarios monolingües, bilingües y híbridos de inglés en las versiones impresa y electrónica. Identifica, por medio de la investigación documental, las informaciones de carácter cultural asociadas a las palabras-entrada en estos diccionarios. Además, destaca las contribuciones de las investigaciones lexicográficas, metalexicográficas y demás investigadores de las ciencias del léxico. Los resultados mostraron que las informaciones culturales están presentes en la macroestructura y microestructura de los diccionarios.Palabras clave: Lexicografía; Diccionário; Cultura; Inglés
The Relationship Between Faculty Members' Perception of Emotional Blackmail and their Organizational Trust in Jordanian Universities
Authors: Al-Omari Aieman A. , Al-Zoubi Zohair H. , Mahasneh Ahmad M.
Published: March 2020

Purpose - this study aimed to determine the faculty members' perception of emotional blackmail (EB) and relationship to organizational trust (OT) in Jordanian Universities.Research Methodology - A quantitative approach used a correlational design with a convenience a random sample of a total of 289 faculty members in public Jordanian universities. EB Scale with three subscales; fear, obligation and guilt, with 25 items, and OT with a total of 12 items used in this study.Findings - the results revealed that participants perceived EB and OT at medium level. No significant differences in EB level according to participants' gender and college. There are significant differences in EB level according to teaching experiences in favour to less five years, 5-10 years, and more than 20 years. There are significant differences in EB level according to academic rank variables in favour to associate and assistant professors.  No significant differences in OT level perceived according to participants' gender, college and teaching experience, while there are significant differences in OT level perceived according to participants' academic rank in favour to associate, assistant, and tutor. There is a negative correlation between EB, and OT perceive by faculty members.Practical implications - the researchers recommended that the Jordanian universities should pay attention to the (EB) and (OT) in their universities.Originality/ Value - This study is important for several reasons. EB influences the OT at any given organization, specifically universities. The findings of this study will contribute to the knowledge of EB and OT, revealing strategies that will help leaders establish organizational trust among faculty members.
Neumonía adquirida de la comunidad
Authors: Salas-Lopez Juan A. , Llanos-Tejada Félix K. , Herrera-Flores Edwin H. , Venero-Cáceres María , Saavedra-Leveau Carlos A.
Published: March 2020

La Neumonía adquirida en la comunidad es una enfermedad infecciosa del parénquima pulmonar, prevalente en nuestro medio con identificación parcial de los agentes etiológicos. Es el resultado de la interacción del proceso inflamatorio y agentes infecciosos, con impacto en la fisiología respiratoria con factores de riesgo claramente identificados. El diagnóstico se sustenta en aspectos clínicos y radiológicos. Requiere de un uso racional de los antibióticos, en una era de resistencia bacteriana. En el presente simposio, se considera la definición y epidemiologia, en este último se pone énfasis en la microbiología nacional. En el apartado de diagnóstico, se enfoca sobre los clínicos, radiológicos, etiológicos y laboratoriales. En la terapéutica se basa en 3 aspectos: grado de severidad, identificación de factores de riesgo para agentes especifico y resistencia. Asimismo, se evalúa el control durante la evolución de la enfermedad y complicaciones. Se enfatiza en aspectos preventivos.
Bronquiectasis en pacientes con secuela de tuberculosis
Authors: Llanos-Tejada Felix K. , Salas-López Juan A. , Herrera-Flores Edwin H. , Venero-Cáceres María , Saavedra-Leveau Carlos A.
Published: March 2020

Las bronquiectasias son un síndrome clínico, frecuente en nuestro medio, resultado de una serie de condiciones de inflamación persistente con daño estructural bronquial. Sus causas son múltiples, las que incluyen las secuelas de Tuberculosis Pulmonar. En el presente simposio, se considera su fisiopatología y clasificación con una explicación concisa de los mecanismos que la producen. En el apartado de diagnóstico, se enfoca sobre las características de las pruebas de imágenes que apoyan su definición; asimismo en las indicaciones de las pruebas de función pulmonar. Finalmente, en el apartado del tratamiento, se hará un resumen de las propuestas con evidencia científica que se tienen hasta al momento actual.
Síndrome de Apnea obstructiva del sueño: Evaluación diagnóstica y tratamiento
Authors: Herrera-Flores Edwin H. , Venero-Cáceres María , Salas-López Juan A. , Llanos-Tejada Félix K. , Saavedra-Leveau Carlos A.
Published: March 2020

El Síndrome de Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño (SAHOS) es uno de los trastornos del sueño más frecuentes en toda población, que se asocia a mala calidad de vida y alto riesgo de accidentes, enfermedades cardiovasculares y metabólicas. Su diagnóstico requiere alta sospecha clínica y la realización de un estudio de monitoreo del sueño. La terapia basada en el uso de dispositivos de presión positiva en la vía aérea (CPAP) ha demostrado muy alta eficacia para resolver el trastorno respiratorio y se asocia a reducción de los daños de la salud relacionados al SAHOS.
Anticoagulación oral en fibrilación auricular en el 2019
Authors: Mendoza Novoa Pablo
Published: March 2020

La prevención de eventos cardioembólicos isquémicos es probablemente, el objetivo principal en el manejo dealgunas patologías en cardiología. De ahí que el uso de anticoagulantes es familiar para los cardiólogos (y cirujanos cardiovasculares), sobretodo desde el uso de prótesis valvulares quirúrgicas.
NOVEL STARDUST KARYA NEIL GAIMAN SEBAGAI MONOMYTH
Authors: Azi Rahmawati , Muarifuddin Muarifuddin
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji proses perjalanan hero yang bernama Tristan dalam novel Stardust karya Neil Gaiman dengan mengaplikasikan metode penelitian bersifat kualitatif dimana data-data diperoleh dari teks, frase, ekspresi-ekspresi dan visualisasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Struktur perjalanan hero mengikuti struktur monomyth yaitu merupakan simbolisasi dari suatu struktur psike manusia yaitu ketika manusia diperhadapkan dengan rintangan-rintangan atau cobaan-cobaan dalam perjalanan hidupnya sebagai suatu fase atau proses agar menusia mencapai kematangan baik mental maupun rohani atau spritualnya. Pada fase Keberangkatan yang dialami adalah 1) Panggilan untuk Bertualang, 2) Penolakan Panggilan, 3) Bantuan Supernatural, 4) Penyeberangan Threshold Pertama. Tetapi fase ke -.5 yaitu simbolisasi Perut Paus tidak dilalui atau dialaminya. Selanjutnya pada fase Inisiasi: tokoh Tristan mengalami semua peristiwa-peristiwa yang ada dalam fase inisiasi yaitu 2) Jalan Uji Coba, 3) Pertemuan dengan Dewi, 4) Wanita sebagai ujian, 5) Atonement with the Father (Penebusan dengan Bapa), 6) Manusia Setengah Dewa Apotheosis) 7) The Ultimate Boon. Dan yang terakhir adalah fase Kembali, dimana tokoh Tristan mengalami peristiwa-peristiwa: 1) Penolakan Pengembalian, 3) Penyelamatan dari Luar, 5) Master of the Two Worlds, 6) Kebebasan untuk Hidup. Kecuali peristiwa Penerbangan Ajaib dan penyeberangan Threshold.  Kembali. Perjalanan hero di atas merupakan simbolisasi psike manusia yakni ketika manusia diperhadapkan dengan rintangan dan cobaan-cobaan sebagai proses latihan dari hero untuk mencapai kematangan pribadi baik secara fisik maupun spiritual.
Formulasi dan Karakterisasi Buccal Film Salbutamol Sulfat
Authors: Mairi Devita Suba , Wulan Ismar , Handayani Lili
Published: March 2020

Buccal film merupakan salah satu sistem penghantaran obat melalui jaringan rongga mulut. Mukosa bukal memiliki aksesibilitas yang sangat baik, yang menyebabkan akses langsung ke sirkulasi sistemik melalui vena jugularis internal yang dilewati obat-obatan dari metabolisme pertama di kelenjar hati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan sediaan buccal film salbutamol sulfat, dan mengetahui karakteristik sediaan buccal film salbutamol sulfat, serta mengetahui pelepasan in vitro sediaan buccal film salbutamol sulfat.  Buccal film salbutamol sulfat dibuat dengan variasi perbandingan HPMC K15M:Na.CMC yaitu 1:2, 1:1 dan 2:1. Semua formula memiliki karakterisasi yang tidak jauh berbeda yaitu transparan, memiliki daya tahan lipat yang ideal serta pH yang sesuai.Kata kunci: buccal film, salbutamol sulfat, HPMC, in vitro
Aplikasi Kemometrik dalam Penentuan Mutu Tumbuhan Obat
Authors: Shafirany Mareetha Zahra , Susilawati Yasmiwar , Musfiroh Ida
Published: March 2020

Obat-obatan herbal dan sediaannya telah banyak digunakan selama ratusan tahun di seluruh dunia. Banyak pendekatan analitis modern digunakan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas tanaman obat, dan sejumlah besar data pengukuran telah dihasilkan. Studi yang melibatkan aplikasi kemometrik yang dikombinasikan dengan metode analisis, seperti HPLC, GC, spektroskopi NMR, UV dan IR telah banyak dilakukan untuk mengetahui kualitas mutu tumbuhan yang berupa diskriminasi taksonomi, penilaian kualitas atau klasifikasi antara tanaman dengan asal geografis yang berbeda. Tinjauan ini bertujuan pada penerapan aplikasi kemometrik sebagai metode yang efisien dan efektif untuk penentuan kualitas mutu tumbuhan.Kata kunci: Kemometrik, herbal, analisis, obat tradisional, mutu
Uji Efek Antihiperlipidemia Ekstrak Etanol Batang Tumbuhan Bambu-bambu (Polygonum pulchrum Blume) pada Mencit Jantan Galur Balb-C
Authors: Wahyuni W , Sahidin S , Rustam HN Muhammad , Malaka Muhammad Hajrul , Yusuf Muhammad Ilyas , Poko Feny Riskiana
Published: March 2020

Hiperlipidemia adalah penyakit kelainan metabolisme lipid yang ditandai dengan adanya peningkatan kadar kolesterol total, LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein), trigliserida, dan penurunan kadar HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) di dalam darah, serta penyebab terjadinya aterosklerosis dan penyakit jantung koroner. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek antihiperlipidemia dari ekstrak etanol batang tanaman bambu-bambu (Polygonum pulchrum Blume) pada mencit jantan galur Balb-C. Sebanyak 42 ekor mencit jantan galur Balb-C dibagi secara acak ke dalam enam kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol normal, kelompok kontrol induksi MDLT, kelompok kontrol dosis I, dosis II, dosis III dan kelompok pembanding (simvastatin). Kelompok kontrol normal hanya diberikan makanan standar (pellet). Kelompok kontrol induksi MDLT, dosis I, dosis II, dosis III, dan pembanding (simvastatin) diberikan Makanan Diet Lemak Tinggi (kuning telur 80%, sukrosa 15%, lemak sapi 5% dan PTU 25 mg/ml). Setelah 2 minggu pemberian, ditambahkan berturut-turut Na-CMC 0,5% ekstrak dengan dosis 1,36 mg/gBB, 4,09 mg/gBB, 7,28 mg/gBB, dan simvastatin 0,1 mg/gBB pada kelompok kontrol dosis I, dosis II, dosis III dan kelompok pembanding (simvastatin). Setelah 1 minggu perlakuan, dilakukan pengambilan darah pada vena aorta dan penetapan kadar kolesterol total, kadar trigliserida, kadar HDL dan kadar LDL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol batang tanaman bambu-bambu (Polygonum pulchrum Blume) memiliki efek antihiperlipidemia pada dosis 4,09 mg/gBB ditinjau dari penurunan kadar kolesterol total, kadar trigliserida, peningkatan kadar HDL dan dosis III 7,28 mg/gBB ditinjau dari penurunan kadar LDL.Kata kunci: bambu-bambu, Polygonum, HDL, LDL, hiperlipidemia, fitosterol
Formulasi Minuman Effervescent Mix Serbuk Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera)
Authors: Zubaydah Wa Ode Sitti , Fia Wa , Adawia Sitti , Novitasari N , Rahmasari R , Hasanuddin Dhidi Dharmadi
Published: March 2020

Sehat merupakan salah satu tujuan yang hendak dicapai oleh semua orang. Di Indonesia, terdapat tanaman yang mengandung banyak manfaat bagi kesehatan masyarakat dan mengandung zat gizi yang sangat tinggi mulai dari zat gizi makro hingga zat gizi mikro. Tanaman tersebut adalah Moringa oleifera atau yang lebih sering disebut pohon kelor oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Namun, tidak banyak orang mengetahui akan manfaat-manfaat pohon kelor sehingga pemanfaatannya masih sangat rendah di masyarakat. Salah satu manfaat yang dapat diambil dari pohon kelor terdapat pada daunnya. Daun kelor merupakan salah satu bagian dari tanaman kelor yang telah banyak diteliti kandungan gizi dan kegunaannya. Penelitian lain menyatakan bahwa menunjukkan bahwa daun kelor mengandung vitamin C setara vitamin C dalam 7 jeruk, vitamin A setara vitamin A pada 4 wortel, kalsium setara dengan kalsium dalam 4 gelas susu, potassium setara dengan yang terkandung dalam 3 pisang, dan protein setara dengan protein dalam 2 yoghurt. Daun kelor merupakan tanaman lokal yang mengandung zat gizi yang tinggi, namun pemanfaatannya sebagai bahan pangan masih sangat rendah. Agar zat gizi yang terkandung dalam daun kelor dapat dimanfaatkan tubuh, maka perlu diolah menjadi minuman yang digemari oleh masyarakat seperti minuman effervescent dengan sensasi rasa yang menyegarkan di mulut.Kata kunci: kelor, serbuk, nutrisi, effervescent
A Review of Lithium-Ion Battery Fault Diagnostic Algorithms: Current Progress and Future Challenges
Authors: Tran Manh-Kien , Fowler Michael
Published: March 2020

The usage of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries has increased significantly in recent years due to their long lifespan, high energy density, high power density, and environmental benefits. However, various internal and external faults can occur during the battery operation, leading to performance issues and potentially serious consequences, such as thermal runaway, fires, or explosion. Fault diagnosis, hence, is an important function in the battery management system (BMS) and is responsible for detecting faults early and providing control actions to minimize fault effects, to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the battery system. This paper provides a comprehensive review of various fault diagnostic algorithms, including model-based and non-model-based methods. The advantages and disadvantages of the reviewed algorithms, as well as some future challenges for Li-ion battery fault diagnosis, are also discussed in this paper.
Subsidiarity Principle—Its Realization in Self-Government in Lithuania and Poland
Authors: Gawłowski Robert , Nefas Saulius , Makowski Krzysztof
Published: March 2020

Purpose: This paper analyzes the development of the concept of subsidiarity, its relationship with management theories and the implementation of the principle of subsidiarity in the context of local self-government in Poland and Lithuania by conducting comparative research. Design/ methodology/ approach: The research was conducted based on methods of desk research of scientific literature, analysis of documents and their content from the Lithuanian and Polish parliaments’ commissions and using comparative approach methods. Findings: The research reveals the essential aspects of the concept of subsidiarity and the extent to which this principle is relevant in the work of the Committee on State Administration and Local Authorities of the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania and Self-Government and Regional Policy Commission of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland in shaping the policy of self-government. The study demonstrates that subsidiarity principles are used in practice in a very incoherent way regarding public service regulations. Practical implications: The analysis is relevant, as an implementation of public policy in Lithuania and Poland increasingly calls for the integration of values into politics, which cannot be done without relying on certain principles. Research limitations: The generalizability of the results is limited by the number of parliamentary terms that have been taken into consideration. Originality/ value: The originality of this paper lies within the context in which this study took place—an international comparison of Lithuanian and Polish concepts that is rarely taken into consideration in the scientific literature.
Evaluation of Waste Mushroom Compost as a Feed Supplement and Its Effects on the Fat Metabolism and Antioxidant Capacity of Broilers
Authors: Chuang Wen Yang , Liu Chu Ling , Tsai Chia Fen , Lin Wei Chih , Chang Shen Chang , Shih Hsin Der , Shy Yi Ming , Lee Tzu-Tai
Published: March 2020

Pennisetum purpureum Schum No. 2 waste mushroom compost (PWMC) is the main byproduct when cultivating Pleurotus eryngii. Due to the high mycelium levels in PWMC, it may have potential as a feed supplement for broilers. This study investigated the effects of PWMC supplementation on antioxidant capacity and adipose metabolism in broilers. In the study, 240 broilers were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups: basal diet (control), 0.5%, 1%, or 2% PWMC supplementation. Each treatment group had 60 broilers, divided into three replicates. The results showed that supplementation with 0.5% PWMC decreased the feed conversion rate (FCR) from 1.36 to 1.28, compared to the control. Supplementation with 0.5% or 2% PWMC decreased glucose and triglyceride levels, compared to the control (p < 0.0001), the concentrations of adiponectin and oxytocin increased from 5948 to 5709, 11820, and 7938 ng/ mL; and 259 to 447, 873, and 963 pg/ mL, respectively. Toll-like receptor 4 was slightly increased in the 0.5% and 1% PWMC groups. Both interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) were significantly decreased, by about three to five times for IFN-γ (p < 0.0001) and 1.1 to 1.6 times for IL-1ß (p = 0.0002). All antioxidant-related mRNA, including nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and superoxidase dismutase-1 (SOD-1), increased significantly following PWMC supplementation. Both claudin-1 and zonula occludens 1 increased, especially in the 2% PWMC group. Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3) significantly increased by about 5, 12, and 11 times in the 0.5%, 1%, and 2% PWMC groups. All adipolysis-related mRNA were induced in the PWMC treatment groups, further enhancing adipolysis. Overall, 0.5% PWMC supplementation was recommended due to its improving FCR, similar antioxidant capacity, and upregulated adipolysis.
Molecular Detection of Arthropod-Borne Pathogens in Eurasian Badgers (Meles meles) from the United Kingdom
Authors: Guardone Lisa , Ebani Valentina Virginia , Verin Ranieri , Nardoni Simona , Consolazione Antonio , Bennett Malcolm , Mancianti Francesca
Published: March 2020

Arthropod-borne diseases (ABD) are of increasing interest in veterinary and public health. Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) are known to harbor a wide range of pathogens, but information on their role as ABD reservoirs and their potential epidemiological relevance is limited. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of arthropod-borne pathogens, specifically piroplasmids and the bacteria Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia canis, Coxiella burnetii, Francisella tularensis and Bartonella spp., in badgers from Great Britain (GB). Blood and heart samples from 18 badgers were examined using PCR and sequencing. A neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogram was also produced. Nine animals tested positive for Babesia sp., while none of the samples was positive for the investigated bacteria. The sequences obtained clustered with other sequences of Babesia sp. from badgers from GB and elsewhere, including China, Hungary, Spain and Italy, showing a widespread distribution of this parasite in badgers. Badger-associated Babesia DNA was also found recently in a wild cat in Bosnia Herzegovina, in a wolf in Italy and in dogs in Hungary. Further investigations are needed to understand the epidemiology of this putative pathogen and its impact on the health of wild and domestic carnivores.
Impacts of Dietary Protein and Prebiotic Inclusion on Liver and Spleen Gene Expression in Hy-Line Brown Caged Layers
Authors: Al-Ajeeli Morouj N. , Hubert Shawna M. , Leyva-Jimenez Hector , Hashim Mohammed M. , Abdaljaleel Raghad A. , Alsadwi Akhil M. , Athrey Giridhar , Bailey Christopher A.
Published: March 2020

The ingredients of poultry feeds are chosen based on the least-cost formulation to meet nutritional requirements. However, this approach can lead to the introduction of anti-nutritional ingredients in the feed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of two diets (with or without prebiotic) on homeostatic genes in the liver and spleen of laying hens. Hy-Line Brown layers were raised either on a soybean meal or cottonseed meal-based diets with and without an added prebiotic (yeast cell wall), totaling four experimental diets. A total of 120, 63-week old layers were housed individually in a wire cage system. We investigated differences in the expression of select homeostatic marker genes in the liver and spleen of hens from each treatment. We then used the ΔΔCT and generalized linear models to assess significance. Results show that the inclusion of prebiotic yeast cell-wall (YCW) increased the expression of the BAK gene in the liver tissue for both the soybean meal (SBM) and cottonseed meal (CSM) diets. For splenic tissue, the combination of YCW with the CSM diet increased the POR gene over six log2 fold. Altogether, our results suggest altered homeostasis, which can have consequences for health and performance.
Participation and Engagement of Public Health Stakeholders in Climate and Health Adaptation
Authors: Austhof Erika , Berisha Vjollca , McMahan Ben , Owen Gigi , Keith Ladd , Roach Matthew , Brown Heidi E.
Published: March 2020

Stakeholder participation at the intersection of climate and health is essential to assess and plan for the human health impacts of current and projected climate-sensitive hazards. Using the Maricopa County Department of Public Health (MCDPH) Coalition on Climate Change and Public Health workgroup and the Climate Assessment for the Southwest (CLIMAS) program as examples, this paper describes the important role of scientist–public health stakeholder collaboratives in addressing the public health impacts of climate-sensitive hazards. Using the MCDPH and CLIMAS stakeholder groups, stakeholder connections were mapped to show relationships between the organization types and connections between scientists and public health stakeholders. Stakeholders, defined as meeting attendees, were primarily individuals from academic institutions (n = 175), government agencies (n = 114), non-profits (n = 90), and health departments (n = 85). Engaging public health stakeholders in transdisciplinary regional climate initiatives and addressing gaps in their networks helped these programs to develop more collaborative projects over time.
Determination of Macroelements, Transition Elements, and Anionic Contents of Commercial Roasted Ground Coffee Available in Jordanian Markets
Authors: Al-Dalain Sati Y. , Haddad Moawiya A. , Parisi Salvatore , Al-Tarawneh Mousa Atallah , Qaralleh Haitham
Published: March 2020

Coffee is one of the most common drinks worldwide. Due to the variability of elements composition, coffee is important for human health. The aim of this study is to assess the concentration of certain selected elements of commercial samples of roasted ground coffee available in Jordanian markets. The concentrations of macroelement components (sodium, potassium, and calcium), transition elements (lead, cadmium, iron, nickel, and copper), and anion contents (sulfate, nitrate, fluoride, chloride, and phosphate ions) have been determined in nine samples using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Obtained results showed that all tested samples contain macroelementscalcium, sodium, and potassium, in a concentration ranging from 6.18 to 162.6 μg/gram of dry weight (in detail: calcium, 6.96–9.81 μg/g; sodium, 121.54–162.60 μg/g; potassium, 6.18–10.23 μg/g). Regarding transition elements, all samples tested contained variable concentrations of iron and copper (1.26–2.07 and 0.24–0.66 μg/g, respectively), while they lacked lead, cadmium, and nickel (only one sample contained 0.1 μg/g for nickel). In addition, all tested samples contained variable anionic concentrations. The lack of toxic selected elements (lead, cadmium, and nickel) in these samples appears to indicate the significance of these coffee samples as a source of useful selected elements for human health.
Effect of Metformin on Doxorubicin-Induced Memory Dysfunction
Authors: Alharbi Ibrahim , Alharbi Hindi , Almogbel Yasser , Alalwan Abdullah , Alhowail Ahmad
Published: March 2020

Doxorubicin (DOX) is widely used to treat many types of cancer; however, it is associated with chemotherapy-related complications such as cognitive dysfunction, known as chemobrain. Chemobrain affects up to 75% of cancer survivors, and there are currently no available therapeutic options. This study aims to examine whether metformin (MET) can protect against the neurotoxicity caused by DOX treatment. Forty male rats were divided into four groups (10 rats/group): control, DOX, DOX + MET, and MET. Rats treated with DOX received five doses of 4 mg/kg DOX weekly (cumulative dose: 20 mg/kg). For the DOX-MET and MET groups, MET (3 mg/mL) was dissolved in drinking water. Behavioral and glucose tests were performed one day after treatment was completed. We found DOX (4 mg/kg/week, 5 weeks) caused learning and memory impairment in the Y-maze, novel object recognition, and elevated plus maze behavioral tests. MET did not rescue these DOX-induced memory impairments. Neither DOX nor MET nor MET + DOX altered glucose levels following the treatment. In summary, DOX treatment is associated with memory impairment in rats, but MET does not rescue this cognitive dysfunction.
Pediatric Motor Inflammatory Neuropathy: The Role of Antiphospholipid Antibodies
Authors: Brogna Claudia , Luigetti Marco , Norcia Giulia , Scalise Roberta , Ferrantini Gloria , Berti Beatrice , Romeo Domenico M. , Manna Raffaele , Mercuri Eugenio , Pane Marika
Published: March 2020

We report the clinical case of a nine-year-old girl who presented with progressive motor neuropathy, revealed via the detection of a higher delay in F-wave recording using digitalized nerve conduction/electromyography. Since the lupus anticoagulant (LAC) positivity, detected using diluted Russell viper venom time (dRVVT), switched to persistent serological anticardiolipin immunoglobulin G (IgG) positivity, a possible non-thrombotic antiphospholipid antibody (aPL)-related clinical manifestation was suspected, and intravenous immunoglobulin treatment (IVIG) was started. The IVIG treatment was well tolerated and the complete resolution of motor impairment was obtained after the third IVIG infusion. Our findings suggest that it could be useful to check for antiphospholipid antibodies in children with a rapid onset of progressive neurological signs in order to provide the beneficial use of IVIG in the treatment of pediatric aPL neurological conditions.
Radiotherapy Is Associated with an Accelerated Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Oral Cavity Cancer Survivors after Primary Surgery
Authors: Kuan Feng-Che , Lee Kuan-Der , Huang Shiang-Fu , Chen Ping-Tsung , Huang Cih-En , Wang Ting-Yao , Chen Min-Chi
Published: March 2020

The number of oral cavity carcinoma (OCC) survivors continues to increase due to advances in definitive surgery and radiation therapy (RT), however the risk of ischemic stroke is unclear in long-term survivors. In this study, survivors are defined as those who survived for >5 years after a diagnosis of OCC. They were matched at a 1:5 ratio with normal controls. Those who received surgery alone versus surgery+RT were also matched at a 1:1 ratio. From 2000 to 2005, 5172 OCC survivors who received surgery alone (n = 3205) or surgery+RT (n = 1967), and 25,860 matched normal controls were analyzed using stratified Cox regression models. Adjusted HRs (aHR) revealed that the surgery+RT group (aHR = 1.68, p < 0.001) had an elevated risk of stroke, but this was not seen in the surgery alone group (aHR = 0.99, p = 0.953). Furthermore, the age at stroke onset was at least 10 years earlier in the surgery+RT group than in the controls. In conclusion, radiotherapy increased the risk of ischemic stroke by 68% and also accelerated the onset of stroke in long-term OCC survivors after primary surgery compared with matched normal controls. Secondary prevention should include stroke as a late complication in OCC survivorship programs.
High Prevalence of Alterations in DNA Mismatch Repair Genes of Lynch Syndrome in Pediatric Patients with Adrenocortical Tumors Carrying a Germline Mutation on TP53
Authors: Brondani Vania Balderrama , Montenegro Luciana , Lacombe Amanda Meneses Ferreira , Magalhães Breno Marchiori , Nishi Mirian Yumie , Funari Mariana Ferreira de Assis , Narcizo Amanda de Moraes , Cardoso Lais Cavalca , Siqueira Sheila Aparecida Coelho , Zerbini Maria Claudia Nogueira , Denes Francisco Tibor , Latronico Ana Claudia , Mendonca Berenice Bilharinho , Almeida Madson Queiroz , Lerario Antonio Marcondes , Soares Ibere Cauduro , Fragoso Maria Candida Barisson Villares
Published: March 2020

Adrenocortical cancer is a rare malignant neoplasm associated with a dismal prognosis. Identification of the molecular pathways involved in adrenal tumorigenesis is essential for a better understanding of the disease mechanism and improvement of its treatment. The aim of this study is to define the prevalence of alterations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes in Lynch syndrome among pediatric patients with adrenocortical neoplasia from southern Brazil, where the prevalence of a specific TP53 germline mutation (p.Arg337His) is quite high. Thirty-six pediatric patients were retrospectively evaluated. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the MMR enzymes MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2, as well as next-generation sequencing (NGS) were performed. For IHC, 36 pediatric tumors were tested. In all of them, the expression of all evaluated MMR proteins was well-preserved. For NGS, 35 patients with pediatric tumor were tested. Three patients (8.57%) with the TP53 p.Arg337His germline mutation presented pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in the MMR genes (two in MLH1 and one in MSH6). The prevalence of altered MMR genes among pediatric patients was elevated (8.57%) and higher than in colorectal and endometrial cancer cohorts. Pediatric patients with adrenocortical tumors should, thus, be strongly considered as at genetic risk for Lynch syndrome.
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: A Constellation of Molecular Events around a Single PML-RARA Fusion Gene
Authors: Liquori Alessandro , Ibañez Mariam , Sargas Claudia , Sanz Miguel , Barragán Eva , Cervera José
Published: March 2020

Although acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is one of the most characterized forms of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of this disease are still a matter of study. APL is defined by the PML-RARA rearrangement as a consequence of the translocation t(15;17)(q24;q21). However, this abnormality alone is not able to trigger the whole leukemic phenotype and secondary cooperating events might contribute to APL pathogenesis. Additional somatic mutations are known to occur recurrently in several genes, such as FLT3, WT1, NRAS and KRAS, whereas mutations in other common AML genes are rarely detected, resulting in a different molecular profile compared to other AML subtypes. How this mutational spectrum, including point mutations in the PML-RARA fusion gene, could contribute to the 10%–15% of relapsed or resistant APL patients is still unknown. Moreover, due to the uncertain impact of additional mutations on prognosis, the identification of the APL-specific genetic lesion is still the only method recommended in the routine evaluation/screening at diagnosis and for minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment. However, the gene expression profile of genes, such as ID1, BAALC, ERG, and KMT2E, once combined with the molecular events, might improve future prognostic models, allowing us to predict clinical outcomes and to categorize APL patients in different risk subsets, as recently reported. In this review, we will focus on the molecular characterization of APL patients at diagnosis, relapse and resistance, in both children and adults. We will also describe different standardized molecular approaches to study MRD, including those recently developed. Finally, we will discuss how novel molecular findings can improve the management of this disease.
The Pre-Treatment C-Reactive Protein Represents a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer Treated with Radiotherapy
Authors: Knittelfelder Olivia , Delago Daniela , Jakse Gabriele , Lukasiak Katarzyna , Thurner Eva-Maria , Thurnher Dietmar , Pichler Martin , Renner Wilfried , Stranzl-Lawatsch Heidi , Langsenlehner Tanja
Published: March 2020

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of the pre- treatment C-reactive protein (CRP) level in a cohort of 503 patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer treated at a tertiary academic center between 2000 and 2017. Cancer-specific survival (CSS), overall survival (OS) and loco-regional control (LC) were calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. To evaluate the prognostic value of the CRP level for the clinical endpoints, univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were applied. The median follow-up period was 61 months. Patients were divided into elevated CRP (≥5 mg/L) and normal CRP groups, according to pre-treatment plasma levels. An increased CRP level was significantly associated with shorter CSS (p < 0.001, log-rank test), as well as with shorter OS (p < 0.001, log-rank test) and loco-regional control (p = 0.001, log-rank test). In addition, multivariate analysis identified CRP as an independent predictor for CSS (hazard ratio (HR) 1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–2.35; p = 0.020) as well as for OS (HR 1.62, 95%CI 1.17–2.24; p = 0.004) and LC (HR 1.50, 95%CI 1.06–2.14; p = 0.023). In subgroup analysis, Kaplan Meier curves revealed that an elevated pre-treatment CRP level was a consistent prognostic factor for poor CSS (p = 0.003, log-rank test), OS (p = 0.001, log-rank test), and LC (p = 0.028, log-rank test) in patients treated with definitive (chemo-) radiotherapy, whereas a significant association in patients undergoing surgery and postoperative radiotherapy was not detected. The pre-treatment CRP level seems to represent a prognostic factor for CSS, OS, and LC in patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer, particularly in those treated with definitive (chemo-) radiotherapy. Additional large-scale prospective studies are warranted to confirm and extend our findings.
Role of Microtubule-Associated Protein 1b in Urothelial Carcinoma: Overexpression Predicts Poor Prognosis
Authors: Chien Tsu-Ming , Chan Ti-Chun , Huang Steven Kuan-Hua , Yeh Bi-Wen , Li Wei-Ming , Huang Chun-Nung , Li Ching-Chia , Wu Wen-Jeng , Li Chien-Feng
Published: March 2020

We sought to examine the relationship between microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) and the prognosis of urothelial carcinoma by assessing the microtubule bundle formation genes using a reappraisal transcriptome dataset of urothelial carcinoma (GSE31684). The result revealed that microtubule-associated protein 1b (MAP1B) is the most significant upregulated gene related to cancer progression. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to measure MAP1B transcription levels in urothelial carcinoma of the upper tract (UTUC) and the bladder (UBUC). Immunohistochemistry was conducted to detect MAP1B protein expression in 340 UTUC and 295 UBUC cases. Correlations of MAP1B expression with clinicopathological status, disease-specific survival, and metastasis-free survival were completed. To assess the oncogenic functions of MAP1B, the RTCC1 and J82 cell lines were stably silenced against their endogenous MAP1B expression. Study findings indicated that MAP1B overexpression was associated with adverse clinical features and could independently predict unfavorable prognostic effects, indicating its theranostic value in urothelial carcinoma.
Ameloblastomas Exhibit Stem Cell Potential, Possess Neurotrophic Properties, and Establish Connections with Trigeminal Neurons
Authors: Pagella Pierfrancesco , Catón Javier , Meisel Christian T. , Mitsiadis Thimios A.
Published: March 2020

Ameloblastomas are locally invasive and aggressive odontogenic tumors treated via surgical resection, which results in facial deformity and significant morbidity. Few studies have addressed the cellular and molecular events of ameloblastoma onset and progression, thus hampering the development of non-invasive therapeutic approaches. Tumorigenesis is driven by a plethora of factors, among which innervation has been long neglected. Recent findings have shown that innervation directly promotes tumor progression. On this basis, we investigated the molecular characteristics and neurotrophic properties of human ameloblastomas. Our results showed that ameloblastomas express dental epithelial stem cell markers, as well as components of the Notch signaling pathway, indicating persistence of stemness. We demonstrated that ameloblastomas express classical stem cell markers, exhibit stem cell potential, and form spheres. These tumors express also molecules of the Notch signaling pathway, fundamental for stem cells and their fate. Additionally, we showed that ameloblastomas express the neurotrophic factors NGF and BDNF, as well as their receptors TRKA, TRKB, and P75/NGFR, which are responsible for their innervation by trigeminal axons in vivo. In vitro studies using microfluidic devices showed that ameloblastoma cells attract and form connections with these nerves. Innervation of ameloblastomas might play a key role in the onset of this malignancy and might represent a promising target for non-invasive pharmacological interventions.