bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DISTRIBUCIÓN DE METALES PESADOS (Pb, Cd Y Zn) EN PERFILES DE SEDIMENTO ASOCIADO A RHIZOPHORA MANGLE EN EL RÍO SEVILLA - CIÉNAGA GRANDE DE SANTA MARTA, COLOMBIA
Authors: Parra Juan Pablo , Espinosa Luisa Fernanda
Published: October 2017

In order to evaluate the vertical distribution of the heavy metals Pb, Cd, and Zn in sediments associated to Rhizophora mangle plants, potentially bioavailable and not bioavailable concentrations of these metals were determined in three sediment cores collected in the Sevilla River, Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta. Measurements were carried out by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. The results showed that in Sevilla River mangrove ecosystem these metals are accumulated principally in non-bioavailable forms, this means that a great part or them are retained in the sediment. The retention of Pb, Cd, and Zn in the sediments of this mangrove ecosystem is strongly related to the physicochemical parameters pH, salinity, and redox potential, and to organic matter, and silt and clays contents.
ENSAMBLAJES DE PECES ARRECIFALES DEL ÁREA DE SANTA MARTA Y EL PARQUE NACIONAL NATURAL TAYRONA
Authors: Olaya Restrepo Julián , Reyes Nivia María Catalina , Rodríguez Ramírez Alberto
Published: October 2017

Variables such as richness, diversity, evenness, relative abundance (RA), and sighting frequency (SF) were assessed in order to characterize reef fish assemblages in Santa Marta and Tayrona Natural National Park (TNNP). The effect of the TNNP protection on these attributes was evaluated. Data were registered in 20 sites by means of the roving diver in diversity and evenness between zones (p< 0.05) indicating a TNNP protection effect, but not differences in richness. Species composition was moderately similar between the two zones (Jaccard Index 0.69). Nevertheless, families such as Serranidae, Haemulidae, and Lutjanidae showed differences in species composition between evaluated zones. Large groupers and snappers exhibited RA and SF considerably low at both protected and not protected zones. Differences were only recorded between small body size and non-target species. These results suggest that the TNNP can be facilitating the preservation of high species diversity, but fishing control systems should be more efficient in order to promote protection and conservation of more vulnerable reef fish populations (snappers and groupers).
AVANCES EN EL DISEÑO DE UNA RED DE ÁREAS MARINAS PROTEGIDAS: ESTRATEGIA DE CONSERVACIÓN PARA EL NORTE DEL CARIBE CONTINENTAL COLOMBIANO
Authors: Alonso C. David , Segura Quintero Carolina , Castillo Torres Paula , Gerhantz Muro José
Published: October 2017

Ecological representative marine protected areas (MPA) establishment is an important management tool for natural marine and coastal resources use regulation and biodiversity protection. Through a systematized selection process using MARXAN decision support system (DSS), the first Colombian Northern Caribbean MPA network was designed. Fifty-one conservation targets at different biological organization levels (ecosystems, communities and species) as well as archeological, historical, and indigenous cultural important sites were identified based on national expert knowledge. Target and coastal systems (Tayrona, Palomino, and Guajira) quantitative conservation goals were established using four criteria: type, abundance, natural condition, and vulnerability. Conservation goals ranged between ≤ 10, 30, 60, and 100%. A portfolio with 63 priority conservation sites, equivalent to an area of 129964 ha, was identified. Based on their high representativeness, habitat heterogeneity, naturalness, and vulnerable life stages 32 sites (71971 ha) were selected above all to be included in the MPA network. Follow up detailed “planning site” is now required to identify boundaries, short and middle time conservation strategies and adequate national category management type proposal. Priority conservation sites adjacent to existing protected areas are suggested as extendable areas over the submerged boundaries.
NUEVOS REGISTROS Y AMPLIACIÓN DE ÁMBITOS BATIMÉTRICOS DE CANGREJOS (CRUSTACEA: DECAPODA: BRACHYURA) PARA EL MAR CARIBE COLOMBIANO
Authors: Ariza Paola , Campos Néstor Hernando , Bermúdez Adriana
Published: October 2017

New records and range extensions are documented for 19 species of brachyuran crabs collected during INVEMAR-Macrofauna II expeditions between 20 and 150 m depth along the Caribbean coast of Colombia. A summary of morphological characteristics of the species and genera, their distribution, and remarks based on a study of the specimens collected and available published information is included. The new records involve species of the families Calappidae, Epialtidae, Goneplacidae, Inachidae, Inachoididae, Leucosiidae, Mithracidae, Palicidae and Xanthidae. The presence of Persephona crinita, Podochela lamelligera, Aepinus septemspinosus and Collodes inermis represent geographic and in some cases bathymetric range extensions within the Caribbean Sea.
FIRST RECORD IN COLOMBIA OF CORBICULA FLUMINEA (MOLLUSCA: BIVALVIA: CORBICULIDAE), AN INVASIVE SPECIES
Authors: De La Hoz Aristizábal Maria V.
Published: October 2017

The bivalve Corbicula fluminea Müller is recorded for the first time in Colombia, in the National Park Isla de Salamanca. This protected area includes freshwater channels and mixohaline lagoons influenced by waters of both the Magdalena River and the Caribbean Sea. This exotic bivalve occurs locally in freshwater channels close to the Magdalena River as well as in the latter, whereas another corbiculid native species, Polymesoda solida, is commonly found in the mixohaline lagoons. Densities of C. fluminea ranged from 10 to 100 ind/m2 along with low numbers of P. solida. Lengths ranged form 10 to 43 mm in a predominant muddy substrate. Local fishermen have stated that C. fluminea was established approximately in 1992; this clam is being artisanally exploited for human consumption along with P. solida, although fishery is mainly focused on the latter, due to its larger size.
DIVERSIDAD ÍCTICA EN PLAYAS DE ISLA CUBAGUA, VENEZUELA
Authors: Gómez Gaspar Alfredo , Hernández Ávila Iván
Published: October 2017

Coastal shes assemblages around Cubagua Island were studied in 40 stations sampled with an artisanal net (40 m x 2 m x 2 mm mesh) trawled from 5-50 m offshore. 7946 specimens (biomass of 55315.17 g) were collected. 99 species and 33 sh families were identied, the best represented were Haemulidae (eleven species), Sciaenidae (eight species), Carangidae and Labrisomidae (seven species each one). Fourteen species made 89.5 % of the total capture. Differences in the assemblages according to the substrate and capture were detected, and the variability between samples related to environmental variables was analyzed. The Shannon-Wiener diversity of shes in sandy substrate was 1.87 bits ind-1; in sand with rocks and corals 1.91 bits ind-1; in beds of Thalassia testudinum with sand 1.94 bits ind-1, and in Thalassia beds with rocks and corals 2.58 bits ind-1.
ACTIVIDAD ANTAGÓNICA ENTRE BACTERIAS EPIBIÓTICAS AISLADAS DE ESPONJAS MARINAS DEL CARIBE COLOMBIANO Y SU RELACIÓN CON LA MACROEPIBIOSIS
Authors: Mora Cristancho Jennyfer , Zea Sven , Gil Agudelo Diego L.
Published: October 2017

Surfaces submerged in the sea are densely colonized by bacteria, and inter-specic interactions such as growth inhibition are important determinants of the development of bacterial communities, as well as of later phases of macrofouling. To determine the potential interactions among biolm bacteria from sponges we carried out in vitro growth inhibition tests between bacterial strains isolated from surfaces with various degrees of macrofouling, from the sponges Aplysina insularis (clean), Aplysina lacunosa (fouled), and from the calcareous surface of the bivalve mollusk Donax sp. The total percentage of antagonistic interactions among these strains was 64 %; strains isolated from clean surfaces inhibited the growth of strains from well-colonized surfaces in a 1:1 ratio. Strains from clean surfaces had a higher frequency of antagonistic interactions. We propose bacterial antagonistic interaction as a possible mechanism of population growth regulation and, consequently, of the development of subsequent phases of macrofouling.
PAPEL FUNCIONAL DE LOS HONGOS EN ECOSISTEMAS DE MANGLAR
Authors: Sosa Rodríguez Tiffany , Sánchez Nieves Jimena , Melgarejo Luz M.
Published: October 2017

Mangroves are high productive ecosystems which have a special diversity of macro and microorganisms with ecological and economical relevancy. The activity of mangrove inhabiting fungi is fundamental to the nutrient cycle and ecosystem regulation. Current knowledge about these organisms has been pointed toward their diversity, distribution, ecology, production of antimicrobial substances and plant – fungi interactions as phytopathogens or benecial symbionts involved in process like phosphate solubilization and mobilization.
APLICACIONES DE LOS SISTEMAS DE INFORMACIÓN GEOGRÁFICA Y SENSORES REMOTOS AL MANEJO DE PESQUERÍAS MARINAS Y DESAFÍOS PARA SU DESARROLLO EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Selvaraj John J. , Rajasekharan Maya , Guzmán Alvis Ángela I.
Published: October 2017

Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques have been used increasingly for marine sheries development and management over the last years. However, its applications continue to be scarce in Colombia. This paper brie!y reviews use of spatial tools in marine sheries management, both retrospectively and predictively. Case studies of RS and GIS in sheries research in Colombia and challenges for future use for management measures are discussed. In order to harness the potential of GIS and RS tools in marine sheries research and management, priority should be given for training sheries scientists in RS and GIS, increasing collaboration among institutions, departments, standardize data collection, and development of a common platform for data sharing.
DISTRIBUCIÓN Y DATOS BIOLÓGICOS DE LOS CANGREJOS ERMITAÑOS (DECAPODA: ANOMURA) DEL MAR CARIBE COLOMBIANO COLECTADOS POR LA EXPEDICIÓN INVEMAR-MACROFAUNA II
Authors: Merchán Cepeda Andrés , Hernando Campos Néstor , Franco Andrés , Bermúdez Adriana
Published: October 2017

During the expedition INVEMAR-Macrofauna II, made in 2001 throughout the continental shelf and upper continental slope of the Colombian Caribbean coast, between 20 and 500 m depth, 22 species of hermit crabs distributed in one superfamily and four families, were collected. Within the superfamily Paguroidea, the family Paguridae was the most abundant and diverse with 13 species, six species belong to family Diogenidae; the Parapaguridae was represented by two species and one species of the genus Trizocheles of the family Pylochelidae represents the !rst report of this family from this coast. In addition, !ve undetermined species of the genera Paguristes, Enneobranchus, and Iridopagurus, were also collected. Based on the collected material, the bathymetric distributions reveal species aggregation in two depth ranges (20 - 150 m and 300 - 500 m). The upper strata species show a geographic distribution pattern, seemingly related to the in"uence of the Magdalena river; by contrast, the species from the deeper range do not reveal any particular distribution pattern.
INDICATORS OF INFLUENCE OF SALINITY IN THE RESISTANCE AND RESILIENCE OF FISH COMMUNITY IN A TROPICAL COASTAL LAGOON (SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL)
Authors: Sánchez Botero Jorge Iván , Sequeira Garcez Danielle , Pellegrini Caramaschi Erica , Saad Adriana Miguel
Published: October 2017

The effects of a disturbance by sandbank opening on the sh fauna community were evaluated through a long-term study in the Imboassica coastal lagoon, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The sh and salinity samples were conducted between 1993 and 2004, with the goal of characterizing the structure and effects of four sandbank openings on this community, such as resilience and resistance measurements. During three sandbank openings, between the years of 1993 and 1996, the resilience time of the sh community could not be identied due to the short time period between openings, their magnitude and the discontinuity of the sh sampling. Monitoring studies previously conducted between 1993 and 2004, indicated that factors structuring the sh fauna of Imboassica lagoon are due to salinity !uctuations, in!uenced by the sandbank openings to which this environment is subjected. These events were indicated by the recolonization of primary freshwater species, oligohaline salinity values, and small variations in the composition and abundance on the sh community. Due to the magnitude and frequency of the disturbance, the ichthyic populations available that enter the lagoon from the adjacent ocean plus the resistance of this environment to salinity variations, determined the resilience and resistance of the sh fauna in the Imboassica lagoon. Thus, the resilience of the sh fauna in this lagoon was indicated in groupings of: a) Spearman probability values lower than 0.05 between the pairs of communities pre and post-disturbance; b) presence of freshwater species that indicate resilience; c) salinity values varying between 0 and 5; and d) small alterations in the abundance of sh populations.
FIRST RECORD OF LIOPROPOMA CARMABI (PERCIFORMES, SERRANIDAE) FROM THE COLOMBIAN CARIBBEAN
Authors: Martínez Ramírez Oscar , Grijalba Bendeck Marcela , Trujillo Arcila Carlos , Acero P. Arturo
Published: October 2017

The candy bass, Liopropoma carmabi, is registered for the rst time from the Colombian Caribbean, based in two juvenile specimens 18.8-25.0 mm standard length, caught in August 2003 using Submerged Articial Devices located at Taganga and Gaira bays in the Santa Marta region.
COMPARACIÓN TEMPORAL EN LA ESTRUCTURA DE UNA COMUNIDAD CORALINA EN PRIMEROS ESTADOS DE SUCESIÓN, ISLA DE SAN ANDRÉS, COLOMBIA
Authors: Jaramillo González Juliana , Acosta Alberto
Published: October 2017

The coral reefs worldwide have suffered a decline during the past three decades. These changes have been evaluated in fringing reefs; nevertheless, it is not known if the factors causing those changes affect the coral community dynamics during the !rst states of the succession, before the development of a reef. To resolve this question, during 2004, 2005, and 2006 we monitored an isolated coral community in San Andres. We compared trough time the abundance, coverage and partial mortality suffered by the coral community and its dominant coral populations. The coral community did not present statistical variation in richness, abundance, coverage, neither in the area of partial mortality. However, this community did change in composition with the entry of two coral species (Acropora cervicornis and Scolymia cubensis) and the exit of other two coral species (Diploria clivosa and Siderastrea siderea) suggesting local processes of extinction (caused possibly by sedimentation and resuspension) and colonization (dispersion). Although the coral community as a whole showed stability, the partial mortality of three of its dominant species (Montastraea annularis, Porites astreoides and Colpophyllia natans) increased and the coverage of Agaricia agaricites diminished over time (been the population more sensitive in this system). These results suggest similar but faster dynamic when compared to the theory reported to advanced stages of reef development (fringing reefs), where the more sensitive variables appeared at population rather than community level, partial mortality being the most important factor explaining the rate of replacement of species (composition), the annual lost of coral coverage, and changes in colonial size distribution of the dominant populations.
EFECTOS DE LA RECOMUNICACIÓN DEL RÍO MAGDALENA CON SU ANTIGUO DELTA: CAMBIOS EN LA PRODUCCIÓN PRIMARIA FITOPLANCTÓNICA Y RESPIRACIÓN EN EL COMPLEJO PAJARALES, 1989 A 2005
Authors: Rodríguez Chila Johan D. , Mancera Pineda José E. , López Salgado Héctor J.
Published: October 2017

The phytoplankton primary production, pelagic respiration, photosynthetic pigments, and physical-chemical associated variables in the Pajarales Complex, were estimated to assess the potential effects of the Magdalena River recommunication with its former delta, The study carried out between September and December 2005, followed the same experimental design than one done before to the recommunication The results show a signicant increase of the net primary production when compared with the years 1988-89 (from 598 gC/m2/year to 982 gC/m2/year). The actual production seems to be driven mainly by ammonia, and there is no correlation neither with the water transparency nor the chlorophyll a concentration. The ecosystem is less efcient in the synthesis of organic matter after the recommunication with the Magdalena river. The respiration rate increased, showing higher and more prolonged heterotrophy, which may be associated to higher organic matter and inorganic nutrient inputs from the Magdalena River. The results conrm eutrophication increase in the CP between 1989 and 2005.
DESARROLLO DE UNA METODOLOGÍA SENCILLA PARA LA GEORREFERENCIACIÓN Y MEDICIÓN DE DISTANCIAS A PARTIR DE IMÁGENES DE SATÉLITE SISTEMÁTICAMENTE GEORREFERENCIADAS
Authors: Gónima Leonardo , Ruiz Libardo E. , González Marcos E.
Published: October 2017

One of the main problems for a precise georeferencing and distance measurements from satellite images, especially in geographical zones with strong morphologic and environmental dynamics, lies not only in the difficulty for identifying ground control points (GCPs), but also in real limitations for accessing such places. In this work a relatively simple methodology is proposed for georeferencing and distance measuring from satellite images, based on the utilization of previously calculated reflectance images from the surface and then oriented toward the north (systematic georeferencing). From these images and setting a basic control point (pixel) P, measured with GPS, the other GCPs were obtained by measurements of distances defined from the P point to representative points (pixels) on the image, selected for its georeferencing. The statistical validation of the obtained results, using a different sample of GCPs measured with GPS, shows that the precision of the georeferencing and distance measurement utilizing the developed methodology is similar to that obtained by conventional procedures, such as image georeferencing from GPS data.
DISTRIBUCIÓN Y ABUNDANCIA DE DIATOMEAS DEL GÉNERO PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA EN CONDICIÓN DE EL NIÑO 2007 SOBRE LA CUENCA PACÍFICA COLOMBIANA
Authors: Galeano Chavarría Ana María , Arteaga Sogamoso Edgar
Published: October 2017

The spatial distribution and abundance of diatoms belonging to the genus Pseudo-nitzschia in the Colombian Pacific Basin (CPB) during PACÍFICO XLIV- ERFEN XLII oceanographic survey is described, whereas its relation to temperature and salinity was tested. Samplings of phytoplankton (Niskin bottles 5 L) at two depths (surface and 50 m deep) were carried out in 25 stations. The highest abundances of Pseudo-nitzschia were observed at surface, especially clustered in the intermediate CPB zone. This spatial pattern agreed with low temperature and high salinity values. Consistent with previous data, there were significant differences in the abundance of Pseudo-nitzschia between the two depths sampled (Mann-Whitney test, p = 0.001). A direct relationship between salinity and the genus abundance was set (r = 0.50; p = 0.01), indicating the affinity of these algae to environments with high salinities, whereas an inverse trend was showed with the temperature (r = -0.42; p = 0.043). Although the correlation values are not high, the spatial distribution of biotic and abiotic variables, suggest the influence of salinity and temperature on the abundance and distribution of Pseudo-nitzschia.
EFECTO DE LA DENSIDAD DE SIEMBRA SOBRE EL CRECIMIENTO Y SUPERVIVENCIA DE NODIPECTEN NODOSUS (BIVALVIA: PECTINIDAE) EN UN NUEVO ARTE DE CULTIVO
Authors: López Navarro Johann , Gómez León Javier , Castellanos Romero Claudia , Acosta Ortiz Ernesto
Published: October 2017

As a contribution to determine the biological and technological feasibility of the culture of N. nodosus in the Colombian Caribbean, the effect of two cover densities (30 and 50 %) upon growth and survival was evaluated between April and November 2007. In cages suspended in the sea at 5 m depth juveniles between 60 and 65 mm length were placed. Shell lengths and survival were measured each 15 days. In the same manner, temperature, salinity, seston and particulate organic matter were measured in order to determine relationships with these factors; N. nodosus reached a length of 84.7 and 87.9 mm at densities of 30 and 50 %, respectively. Treatments affected growth but did not affect significantly survival. A direct relation between growth and organic matter and between growth and total seston were detected. Survival maintained a similar trend until July at both densities, presenting in turn a direct relation to particulate organic matter. Results demonstrate that N. nodosus presents a good development at high densities, which allow to have a greater utilization of the culture art, hence increasing its productivity
EFECTOS DE LA PESCA SOBRE LA BIOLOGÍA REPRODUCTIVA DE LA LISA MUGIL INCILIS (PISCES: MUGILIDAE) EN LA CIÉNAGA GRANDE DE SANTA MARTA, CARIBE COLOMBIANO
Authors: Mármol Rada Danetcy , Viloria Maestre Efraín , Blanco Racedo Jacobo
Published: October 2017

The mullet Mugil incilis is one of the most important fish resources in the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta. Based on monitoring of fishery statistics collected in the periods 1994-1996 and 2000-2007 and biological aspects of the species between 2006 and 2007, we evaluated fishing effects on the reproductive biology of M. incilis. Fishery statistics revealed that catch and fish size declined with time. Peak spawning was observed to occur between November - December, when the gonadosomatic index and condition factor showed their maximum values, contrasting with water salinity that plunged in the rainy period. Male: female ratio was estimated as 1:3 after a sample of 1954 individuals, and mean maturity size (MMS) calculated as 23.8 cm total length (TL), lower than that previously reported. Mullet represented 30 % of the whole fish catch in the period 1994-2007, and 65 % of the individuals were found below their MMS, mainly caught with cast-nets at spawning time. Lower occurrence of larger fish in the catch seems to be a reasonable explanation for the reduction of MMS. No evidence was found to attribute this decrease to a species strategy. Management measures for this fishery are discussed and suggested.
LA COMUNIDAD FITOPLANCTÓNICA DURANTE EVENTOS DE SURGENCIA Y NO SURGENCIA, EN LA ZONA COSTERA DEL DEPARTAMENTO DEL MAGDALENA, CARIBE COLOMBIANO
Authors: Ramírez Barón Jeimmy Samanta , Franco Herrera Andrés , García Hoyos Lorena Marcela , López Diego Alejandro
Published: October 2017

The phytoplankton community structural attributes were evaluated in Granate and Gaira inlets and Taganga Bay in order to establish the community´s response to changes in oceanographic dynamics modulated by upwelling and non-upwelling processes throughout the coastal waters of the Magdalena region, Colombian Caribbean, between February and June of 2008, during the main dry and short rainy seasons. Average wind speed divided in the research period in two seasons: February-April (upwelling: S) and June-July (non upwelling: NS) of 2008. In each period (upwelling and non-upwelling), 51-47 genera were identified distributed in 29-28 families, corresponding 78.23-86.19 % to centric diatoms, 16.68-9.47 % to pennate diatoms, 4.57-3.78 %) to cyanobacteria and about 0.50-0.55 %) to dinoflagellates, flagellates, and chlorophyta. The most abundant genera were Chaetoceros (colonial) and Skeletonema (colonial) with a relative abundance of 47-19.57 % and 8.13-60.93 %, respectively, and densities greater than 2000 cel/L. Chlorophyll a concentrations showed low values in this study from 0.72 ± 0.47 ng/m3 during S until 0.15 ± 0.15 mg/m3 during NS. The photosynthetic activity index (IAF1) of 6.34 ± 5.34 indicates either high pigment quality or low zooplankton grazing, representing an optimal phytoplankton physiological state during periods of S. In contrast, the IAF1 low average value of 0.52 ± 0.84 at BS ubducates a wide decline in the phytoplankton community's physiological state. A temporal segregation pattern was defined by cell densities from 22142.23 ± 15236.72 cel/L, for S and NS periods, respectively. Tempperature, salinity, and nitrate concentration (0-60 m depth), were the variables that represented the most seasonal changes, and affected the phytoplankton community structure.
COMPOSICIÓN Y ESTRUCTURA DEL ENSAMBLAJE DE CRUSTÁCEOS BRACHYURA DE LA PLATAFORMA CONTINENTAL DE LA GUAJIRA COLOMBIANA Y SU RELACIÓN CON LA PROFUNDIDAD Y LAS CARACTERÍSTICAS DEL SEDIMENTO
Authors: Gómez Lemos Luis , Cruz Castaño Norella , Duque Nivia Guillermo
Published: October 2017

Brachyura crustaceans composition and structure assemblage along be continental shelf of La Guajira and its variation according to depth gradient and sediment characteristics were determined. 44 bottom drag samples were taken at 10 and 50 m depth using a semi globe demersal net, during March and April 2005. 83 species belonging to 21 families were identified; the most important families due to their abundance of specimens and amount of species were Goneplacidae, Portunidae, and Mithracidae; and dominant species were Glyptoplax smithii, with, 12.53 % of total abundance; Portunus spinicarpus, 7.42 % and Nemausa cornuta, 6.84 %. The non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis (NMDS) did not show any well defined sampling station clusters, but meaningful statistical differences were found in the assemblage structure according to depth gradient and the different kinds of sediments. The ANOSIM tests and the ordination analysis (NMDS) pointed out that there is a single assemblage that varies gradually with depth, and to a lesser degree by physical sediments characteristics. The ordination (NMDS) also reveals that the assemblage is more heterogeneous at 10 m than at 50 m depth, possibly as a result of the larger environmental variability close to the coast, in comparison with the environmental stability that characterizes deeper zones.
VARIATION IN THE SURFACE CURRENTS IN THE PANAMA BIGHT DURING EL NIÑO AND LA NIÑA EVENTS FROM 1993 TO 2007
Authors: Corredor Acosta Andrea , Acosta Alberto , Gaspar Phillipe , Calmettes Beatriz
Published: October 2017

Climatic anomalies have changed the ocean circulation pattern and thus the demographic connectivity. However, in many geographical regions there is insufficient evidence of this change. Therefore, comparisons were made between neutral years and years of El Niño and La Niña with moderate intensity, for the North Equatorial Counter Current (NECC), the South Equatorial Current (SEC), the Coastal Current (CoaC) and the main anticyclonic eddy in the Panama Bight. Daily dynamics topography data of the Maps of Absolute Dynamic Topography (MADT) provided by AVISO and daily wind stress data provide by the European Centre for Medium Range Weather (ECMWF) were used to calculate the speed of surface currents (multi-year, quarterly average), during months with the highest number of eggs and larvae released by the species with a pelagic phase (Sept-Nov). It was found that the speed magnitude for the three oceanic currents was statistically different among the compared events, except for the anticyclonic eddy; obtaining higher values of speed for neutral years in relation to years with El Niño or La Niña for the NECC, for the SEC higher values for La Niña years, followed by neutral years and a moderate El Niño years; for the CoaC higher velocity for neutral and La Niña years but the lowest for El Niño years; and a tendency of higher values in La Niña years for the anticyclonic eddy. Additionally, the number of eddies increased in moderate El Niño years. The results suggest that the decreased velocity of the NECC and the potential barriers created by the cyclonic eddies and the anticyclonic eddy near the South American coast could diminish the passive dispersal of larvae and the potential functional connectivity between the Western, Central and Eastern Tropical Pacific. Therefore, there are implications at the evolutionary, biogeographic, and ecologic levels (dispersion rates and population rescue effect). In contrast, during La Niña the SEC could favor teleplanktonic larval transport to the Central Pacific, material which is exported from the South American coast by CoaC, aided by the anticyclonic eddy. In conclusion, anomalous climatic events alter the velocity of oceanic currents in the Panama Bight; consequently these could change the functional potential connectivity from September to November.
PRIMER REGISTRO DE LA DAMISELA BICOLOR (STEGASTES FLVILATUS) EN AMBIENTES ARRECIFALES DE LA ISLA MALPELO
Authors: Rodríguez Moreno Melina , López Victoria Mateo , Zapata Fernando A.
Published: October 2017

El género Stegastes (familia Pomacentridae) tiene una distribución particular en el Pacífio Oriental Tropical, con dos especies ampliamente distribuidas en toda la región, y cinco especies restringidas a las islas oceánicas o al extremo boreal del trópico. Durante un estudio de las especies de este género presentes en ambientes arrecifales de la isla Malpelo, registramos, por primera vez para la isla, a Stegastes flvilatus. Esta es una especie rara en Malpelo, en donde S. arcifrons y S. beebei son dominantes. La cuarta especie presente en Malpelo, S. acapulcoensis, puede también considerarse como rara, aunque ligeramente más abundante que S. flvilatus.
EXTENSO BLANQUEAMIENTO DEL CORAL PORITES LOBATA EN LA ISLA MALPELO, COLOMBIA, DURANTE UN EPISODIO DE AGUAS FRÍAS EN 2009
Authors: Zapata Fernando A. , Jaramillo González Juliana , Navas Camacho Raúl
Published: October 2017

El blanqueamiento coralino es asociado frecuentemente con temperaturas inusualmente cálidas, pero también puede ocurrir durante episodios de enfriamiento del agua. En esta nota registramos un evento de blanqueamiento coralino, especialmente en Porites lobata, después de las temperaturas del mar más bajas registradas para Malpelo en 21 años. En abril de 2009 observamos blanqueamiento en cuatro de las diez especies coralinas registradas en la isla Malpelo. Este evento fue más frecuente (hasta el 72 % de las colonias) y extenso (hasta el 87 % del área de la colonia) en P. lobata. La temperatura superfiial del mar obtenida por satélites alcanzó valores tan inusualmente bajos como 23.1 °C en marzo de 2009 con anomalías térmicas hasta de -4.4 °C. Un sensor de temperatura instalado a 20 m de profundidad indicó que la temperatura fue altamente variable durante el episodio frío disminuyendo hasta 15.8 °C en febrero de 2009. Una conjunción de la temporada de bajas temperaturas, condiciones similares a las de La Niña y otros factores no identifiados parecen haber causado un episodio de descenso extremo de la temperatura que provocó una respuesta de blanqueamiento en P. lobata, un coral sensible al enfriamiento del agua.
ENDEMIC SHALLOW REEF FISHES FROM MALPELO ISLAND: ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION
Authors: Chasqui Velasco Luis , Gil Agudelo Diego L. , Nieto Ramón
Published: October 2017

The fish species endemic to Malpelo Island have been scarcely studied, resulting in a lack of information on their densities and habitat preferences. The distribution and abundance of the endemic reef fish species of Malpelo were estimated using underwater visual census techniques. The most abundant species were Axoclinus rubinoffi (0.18 fish/m2) and Lepidonectes bimaculatus (0.08 fish/m2). The highest abundance was found in rocks covered by coralline algae in the Bajo de Junior site.
COMPOSICIÓN Y ESTRUCTURA TRÓFICA DE LOS MACROINVERTEBRADOS TERRESTRES DE LA ISLA MALPELO, PACÍFICO COLOMBIANO
Authors: Calero David , López Victoria Mateo , Chacón de Ulloa Patricia
Published: October 2017

Oceanic islands have special ecosystem dynamics due to their isolation and weather conditions influenced by the sea. This is also the case for Malpelo Island, located at the Colombian Pacific, where previous studies showed an invertebrate composition strongly dominated by predatory species. With the aim of contributing to the knowledge of these organisms on the island, 22 sample plots were surveyed, covering three types of microhabitat, classified according to the type of soil, shadow, and vegetation. Sampling took place between May and June 2006, by direct catches. A total of 1294 specimens from seven classes and 25 orders were obtained. Diversity was determined by microhabitat structure complexity, being more diverse the one that presented the greatest degree of heterogeneity. The order Araneae presented the highest number of species, Coleoptera the highest abundance and Staphylinidae the highest relative abundance. Predators showed the highest richness (45.3 %) and abundance (40.6 %) among all trophic guilds. These findings lent support to the idea that the terrestrial system of Malpelo depends on the sea.
EVALUACIÓN DEL POTENCIAL ANTIDEPREDADOR DE LOS EXTRACTOS ORGÁNICOS CRUDOS DE QUINCE ESPONJAS MARINAS
Authors: Arias Jazmín , Santos Acevedo Marisol , Newmark Umbreit Federico
Published: October 2017

Organisms have developed diverse mechanisms during their evolution, to defend themselves from predators and competitors, in order to ensure temporal permanence. One of these mechanisms is chemical defense. Chemical substances are used by some organisms to deter potential predators from devouring them. This paper evaluates the efficacy of the organic crude extracts of fifteen different marine sponges from the Colombian Caribbean to deter a potential predator, the generalist reef fish Stegastes partitus. It was found that Cribrochalina infundibulum extract acted as a feedingattractant to this particular predator, while only the extracts from Dragmacidon reticulata, Petromica cyocaliptoides, Neopetrosia proxima, Myrmekioderma gyroderma and Biemna cribaria were feeding deterrants; it was also observed that the latter three also presented apparent physical defenses, showing that chemical and physical defenses are not necessarily excluding.
LISTA DE ESPECIES DE DINOFLAGELADOS (DINOPHYTA) REGISTRADOS EN EL MAR CARIBE COLOMBIANO
Authors: Lozano Duque Yesid , Vidal Luis Alfonso , Navas S. Gabriel R.
Published: October 2017

A check list of the marine species of dinoflagellates reported from coastal and oceanic Colombian Caribbean Sea is presented. The list is based on the revision of bibliographical information available from studies developed on phytoplanktonic community. It reports a total of 186 taxa corresponding to 169 species with 27 varieties and six forms. These are grouped in 32 genera, 17 families, six orders, and two classes. The taxonomic classification was based on the system proposed by Fensome et al. (1993).
CULTIVO EXPERIMENTAL EN EL MAR DEL ALGA ROJA HYPNEA MUSCIFORMIS EN EL AREA DE SANTA MARTA, CARIBE COLOMBIANO
Authors: Camacho Olga , Montaña Fernández Julián
Published: October 2017

In order to provide information about seaweed culture in Colombia, culture essays of the red seaweed Hypnea musciformis were implemented in the natural habitat of the species. The study was carried out between February and June 2006 in the coastal area of Santa Marta, Colombian Caribbean. Culture essays were developed using polypropylene hanging bags suspended on a line at sea surface, taking into consideration: site (Taganga and Puerto Luz), season (long dry and short rainy transition) and culture time (seven and fifteen days). The total mean daily growth rate (DGR) was 2.66 %. No significant differences were found between essays; however, the best results were obtained in Taganga during the dry season from seven-day yields. A carrageenan content of 44-48 % dry weight was obtained from the cultures. Although these results suggest that H. musciformis can be a viable natural resource for cultivation in the Santa Marta area, this species produced low biomass with the culture method used. More investigations are necessary to assess the feasibility of commercial scale culturing of H. musciformis in the region, taking into account other sites, annual essays and spore cultures.
MOLUSCOS ASOCIADOS A ENSAMBLAJES MACROALGALES EN EL LITORAL ROCOSO DE CÓRDOBA, CARIBE COLOMBIANO
Authors: Quirós Rodríguez Jorge , Campos Néstor Hernando
Published: October 2017

The composition and abundance of the benthic community of mollusks associated to macroalgal assemblages was studied in two ecoregions of the coastal strip of the Córdoba Province, Colombian Caribbean. Between September 2006 and June 2007 four samplings were done in six stations; three in San Antero, two in Puerto Escondido, and one in Los Córdobas. A quadrant of 625 cm2 with five replicates was used in order to collect the material; it was arranged randomly in each sampling period. A total of 1012 specimens and 68 species of mollusks were identified (46 gastropods, 19 bivalves, two polyplacophorans, and one scaphopod). The most abundant species in the Morrosquillo ecoregion were Bittiolum varium (34.95%), Parvanachis obesa (13.69%), Isognomon alatus (12.43%), and Columbella mercatoria (7.93%), while in the Darien ecoregion they were Eulithidium tessellatum (38.29%), E. affine (19.04%), C. mercatoria (7%), I. alatus (5.91%), and Tegula viridula (5.69%). There were significant differences between the macroalgal cover (Fs = 71.2, p < 0.001) and mollusk abundance (Fs = 56.9, p < 0.001) to the sampling stations (α = 0.05). The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that the abundances of P. obesa, B. varium, I. alatus, and C. mercatoria is regulated by differences in coverage of the family Gracilariaceae in Morrosquillo ecoregion, while the abundance of E. affine, E. tessellatum, and T. viridula is regulated by changes in coverage of Sargassum polyceratium and Bryothamnion triquetrum in Darien ecoregion.
AMPLIFICACIÓN CRUZADA DE MICROSATÉLITES PARA ESTUDIOS POBLACIONALES DE DOS ESPECIES DE CAMARÓN DEL GÉNERO LITOPENAEUS EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Fresneda Rodríguez Adriana , Chasqui Velasco Luis , Alonso Carvajal David
Published: October 2017

Microsatellites are molecular markers frequently used in population genetic studies despite of the high cost, and long time involved in developing them, mainly due to their high specificity. One method to save money and time is cross-amplification, which is the DNA amplification of the target species using primers developed for a different species. By using cross-amplification, the suitability of 15 developed microsatellite loci from Litopenaeus setiferus and L. vannamei to amplify microsatellite regions of L. schmitti and L. occidentalis was evaluated. Five primers showed consistent amplification and were polymorphic in L. schmitti and four in L. occidentalis. These results point out the usefulness of cross-amplification with these primers for population genetics studies of both species.
PRIMER REGISTRO PARA EL CARIBE COLOMBIANO DE PORPITA PORPITA (LINNAEUS) (HYDROZOA: PORPITIDAE)
Authors: Rico Lina , Baigorri Álvaro , Lecompte Orlando Pedro
Published: October 2017

Two specimens of Porpita porpita were captured in Playa Blanca, Gaira Bay and the species reported for the fist time in the Colombian Caribbean. This paper collects bibliographic information about blue button (Hydrozoa: Porpitidae) hydroid colony.
PRIMER REGISTRO DEL HOLOTUROIDEO PSEUDOTHYONE BELLI (LUDWIG) (DENDROCHIROTIDA, SCLERODACTYLIDAE) PARA EL CARIBE COLOMBIANO
Authors: López Sánchez Marcela , Perdomo Shirly , Pineda María Camila , Díaz Aragón Germán R. , Ahrens Michael J.
Published: October 2017

This paper reports the detection of Pseudothyone belli on submerged hard substrates at three sites in Santa Marta during port surveys conducted in March and October 2010. Owing to its high adaptive and competitive capability, it appears likely that the species has established itself in the Colombian Caribbean.
ABUNDANCIA Y MADUREZ SEXUAL DE ANADARA SIMILIS EN EL MANGLAR DE LUISICO, BAHÍA MÁLAGA, PACÍFICO COLOMBIANO
Authors: Manjarrés Villamil Alex E. , Lucero Rincón Carlos H. , Gualteros William O. , Cantera Kintz Jaime R. , Gil Agudelo Diego L.
Published: October 2017

The abundance and sexual maturity of piangua Anadara similis in La Plata Archipelago, Bahía Málaga, Pacific coast of Colombia, was analyzed between September 2009 and August 2010. Sexual maturity of these organisms was studied at macroscopic level using fresh samples and at microscopic level using standard histological techniques. The mean density was estimated in 0.130 ± 0.098 ind/m2 and the mean size was 42.30 ± 5.00 mm. Months with the presence of the highest densities of piangua were May (0.295 ind/m2) and August (0.195 ind/m2). The mean sexual maturity size was estimated in 41.8 ± 4.5 mm, while the size at which at least 50% of the population of A. similis have had its first spawn was estimated in 41 mm. Reproductive activity of the species was present year-round with higher peaks in March (83.33%) and April (75.00%). 4.30% of organisms analyzed showed signs of hermaphroditism, being this the first record of this kind for the species. Higher density, larger mean size, higher meat yield in females as well as the presence of more female reproductive tissue, suggest a process of sexual reversion in the species, which have to be further studied. Low capture and sexual maturity sizes, as well as the low density of organisms found during the present work, might be the product of high fishery pressure, habitat modifications, and pollution processes in the area, factors that have to be studied in detail in order to implement management strategies for the species.
MICROANATOMY OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OF ENTEROCTOPUS MEGALOCYATHUS (CEPHALOPODA, OCTOPODA) OF THE SOUTHWEST ATLANTIC
Authors: Garri Rosana Griselda , Lauria de Cidre Lilia
Published: October 2017

A detailed description of the microanatomy of the digestive system of Enteroctopus megalocyathus is given, and this revealed some differences between this octopod species and other species of Octopodidae previously described. These differences are mainly related to tissues lining the lumen of digestive organs. Unlike descriptions in some octopods mucosa, in E. megalocyathus a pseudostratified epithelium is found covering the lumen of oesophagus, crop, stomach, intestine and caecum. Another major finding is that in the posterior salivary glands, two cell types are present in the same tubular adenomere; they do not constitute independent glandular tubules with only one type of glandular cells. The tubules of these glands are lined by two distinct epithelial cells, distributed from the distal to the proximal zones: type A, in the proximal zone of the glandular tubule, with cylindrical cells and globular mucous cells; and type B in the distal zone, cylindrical, with a weakly eosinophilic cytoplasm. The secretion of the cells was detected applying PAS and alcian blue at different pH. In the octopuses maintained without food in the aquarium for two days, histological structure of the epithelium of the caecum, intestine and digestive gland showed histological changes specially related with the mucosa. Taken together, the results allow to set the histological structure of the digestive tract of E. megalocyathus in their natural habitat and to provide preliminary evidence that this system responds rapidly (~2 days) to food deprivation, and give baseline data for future studies investigating the impact of environmental changes on the gut.
INVERTEBRADOS MARINOS ASOCIADOS CON LAS PLATAFORMAS DE GAS EN LA GUAJIRA (CARIBE COLOMBIANO)*
Authors: Gracia C. Adriana , Cruz Norella , Borrero Giomar , Báez Diana Patricia , Santodomingo Nadiezhda
Published: October 2017

The industrial and economic development of Colombia has expanded its limits towards the territorial sea in the search for new resources. The prospection and construction of infrastructures in the sea challenge new alternatives for the sustainable development of the country. The main goal of this study was to build a baseline inventory of the marine invertebrates associated to two gas platforms located offshore in La Guajira, at the northeastern Colombian Caribbean Sea: platforms A and B, sitting on sandy bottoms at 18 and 33 m depth, respectively. This inventory includes a total of 116 species of marine invertebrates that were collected by Scuba diving. Crustaceans had the greatest richness with 50 species, from which the infraorder Brachyura was the best represented with 10 families including approximately 44% of species. Mollusks comprised the second largest group with 29 species, followed by annelids with 14 species, sponges with 12 species, cnidarians with 7 species, and finally echinoderms with 4 species. Filter-feeding and sessile organisms dominated in abundance, while mobile species showed a larger number of species. The barnacles complex (Balanus spp.), the octocoral Carijoa riisei and sponges were the main components of the fouling fauna on the structures. Although there are no previous studies for the study area and the southern Caribbean, it is considered that the invertebrates community associated to gas platforms in La Guajira exhibit both high species richness and a large abundance of organisms.
EFECTO DE LA DIETA EN EL CRECIMIENTO Y SUPERVIVENCIA DE CRÍAS DE CABALLITO DE MAR HIPPOCAMPUS REIDI EN CONDICIONES DE LABORATORIO
Authors: Sánchez Cardozo Lina M. , Ospina Salazar Gloria H. , Santos Acevedo Marisol , López Navarro Johann , Gómez León Javier
Published: October 2017

Seahorses natural populations are declining, due to theri demand in traditional Chinese medicine, its consumption in oriental countries and their attractive as ornamental species; then, all the Hippocampus species of the genus are threatened fishes. Culture under controlled conditions is an option for their conservation and sustainable use; however, it is necessary to fin the appropiate techniques to culture them, especially to raise the fry. In this study the effect of live food on growth an survival of Hippocampus reidi fry was evaluated. During the first 11 days they were fede with Artemia nauplii and rotifers enriched, since the day 11 to 46 only with enriched Artemia metanauplii with four commercial products: Protein Selco Plus® (PSP), marine fish food Azoo 9 in 1® (AZ), Scott Emulsion® (SE) and Isochrysis galbana microalgae (IG). The largest growth in therms of weight and height was observed in seahorses fed with enriched Artemia with PSP (160.13 mg and 4.44 cm respectively), which was significantly higher than the other treatments, which were kept in a range of 81-86-97380 mg in weight and 3.62-3.72 cm in size (F3.12 = 9.63, p = 0.0049 by weight and F3.12 = 5.12, p = 0.0288 in height). There were not significant differences in survival; however the highest percentage was in PSP diet (74.42%) and lower in SE (51.60%) (F3.12 = 1.08, p = 0.4095).