bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nefrolitíase unilateral e urólitos em vesícula urinária em cadela da raça Schnauzer
Authors: Rosa Gilcirlein Antonio , Martins Marcos Russomano , Canesin Ana Paula Massae Nakage , Verona Ana Carolina Mirandola , Crespo Maria Carolina Heredia
Published: October 2022

No sistema urinário dos animais de companhia, a urolitíase é uma das afecções mais comumente encontradas. O diagnóstico da urolitíase pode ser confirmado por meio da anamnese, exame físico e exames complementares. O tratamento dos cálculos urinários pode ser clínico ou cirúrgico, sendo que o tratamento irá variar dependendo da composição do urólito e da sua localização. No presente relato destaca-se uma fêmea, da espécie canina, 8 anos, raça Schnauzer, não castrada. A tutora relata consulta prévia, em colega, em decorrência de sintomas e alterações na atividade locomotora do animal referido. Foram realizados exames complementares que constataram a presença de estruturas compatíveis com litíase em topografia renal e em vesícula urinária. Dessa forma, foi realizada nefrotomia, cistotomia e ováriohisterectomia eletiva do animal, e após procedimento cirúrgico optou-se por permanecê-lo internado sob avaliação nas primeiras 24 horas a fim de monitorar o débito urinário e o controle da dor. Após 10 dias do procedimento cirúrgico repetiu-se a ultrassonografia, sem evidência de anormalidades. Foi orientado a tutora realizar exames periodicamente para reavaliar possíveis recidivas e continuar a administração da dieta terapêutica durante pelo menos 3 meses.
MEMBANGUN BUDAYA DISIPLIN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MINAT BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Hildegardis Inang Koten
Published: October 2022

Membangun budaya disiplin untuk meningkatkan minat belajar siswa kelas VI SDK Kotenwalang. Masalah penelitian ini adalah bagaimana membangun budaya disiplin untuk meningkatkan minat belajar peserta didik Siswa Kelas VI Kotenwalang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana membangun budaya disiplin untuk meningkatkan minat belajar siswa kelas VI SDK Kotenwalang. Subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 8 orang yakni guru wali kelas VI, dua orang tua wali murid, dan 4 orang siswa kelas VI. Lokasi dalam penelitian ini adalah di SDK Kotenwalang. Lembaga ini terletak di desa Latonliwo I, Kecamatan Tanjung Bunga, kabupaten Flores Timur. Sedangkan waktu penelitian ini selama satu bulan mulai dari bulan April sampai bulan Mei. Untuk megumpulkan data digunakan teknik wawancara dan observasi sedangkan tahap analisis data yakni reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini mengatakan bahwa perilaku disiplin siswa-siswi kelas VI SDK Kotenwalang masih rendah. Hal ini dilihat dari cara berpakayan siswa tidak rapi, tidak memperhatikan guru mengajar dan ribut saat guru memberi atau menjelaskan materi, berbicara dengan teman saat pelajaran sedang berlangsung, dan tidak mengerjakan tugas yang diberikan oleh guru.Kata Kunci: Budaya, Disiplin Siswa,dan Minat belajar siswa.
Diagnosis of the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index Methodology on the Example of Poland’s Position on the Tourist Market
Authors: Januszewska Małgorzata , Jaremen Daria , Nawrocka Elżbieta
Published: October 2022

The purpose of the article is to assess Poland’s position on the international tourist market taking a comparative approach, in the light of the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) developed by the World Economic Forum (WEF), and also critical analysis of the TTCI methodology used in the years 2009–2016. The countries (Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia) indicated by the Polish Tourism Organization as the most important competitors were selected for the comparative analysis of Poland’s position on the tourist market. The research proved that in the analyzed period the position of Polish tourism against the background of competitors is growing as a result of the significant improvement of the Travel & Tourism regulatory framework and infrastructure. The WEF methodology is not yet perfect due to the selection and number of respondents, whereas the modification of competition factors, consistent with the evolution of theoretical concepts and also keeping up with the progress in business practice, deserves a positive assessment.
The City Assessed by Residents and Tourists a Year after a Religious Mega-Event (Study Case: World Youth Day in Cracow, Poland)
Authors: Niemczyk Agata
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this article is to recognize the assessment of Cracow from the perspective of the residents and tourists a year after a religious event, the 2016 World Youth Day (2016WYD). Bearing in mind that the image of a city is created by an individual and their socio-demographic features, ones that differentiate the assessment of the city were identified and their direction and strength were highlighted. It was also checked whether the assessment of the city declared by tourists (the experimental group) was different from the assessment of the residents (the control group). Analogically, significant differences were recognized between the tourists and residents who took part in 2016WYD; tourists who participated and did not participate in 2016WYD, and also the residents who participated and did not participate in 2016WYD. Theoretical considerations relating to the city, its recipients and mega-events were conducted on the basis of subject literature review. In the statistical part non-parametric tests and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were used in order to achieve the assumed objectives. The results allowed us to observe how the improvement of the city image a year after the mega-event is more often declared by the inhabitants than by tourists and out of socio-demographic features of an individual, gender (both in the case of inhabitants and tourists) determines the assessment of the city image to the greatest extent.
The Loyalty of Travel Agency Clients. An Empirical Study
Authors: Michalska-Dudek Izabela
Published: October 2022

The article presents a client loyalty model which may be used in the process of managing an optimum portfolio of clients by means of identifying and selecting key clients of a tourist enterprise. There are also described results of the author’s own research allowing us to identify the key factors determining the occurrence of behavioral loyalty of travel agency clients. The analysis covered real data from the booking system of one of the Polish nationwide franchise networks consolidating 44 travel agencies, referring to 3 923 tourist services reservations. In the study of the occurring relationships a non-parametric method of MLP (Multi-Layer Perceptron) neural networks was applied. The following variables turned out to be the most important determinants of behavioral loyalty: duration of the tourist event, number of purchased offers and time between the booking date and the date of tourist event commencement. The customer loyalty prediction model was used to carry out in-depth customer segmentation which, in turn, allowed the development of a loyal customer portrait. A loyal client of travel services is a family-oriented client, travelling for a period of two weeks or longer, accompanied by the family, very often with children under 14, planning and booking holidays well in advance, attached to the place of making the booking (i.e., the travel agent).
Importance of Individual Characteristics of Entrepreneurs and Perception of Factors Determining the Start-Up of a Business in the Lubelskie Voivodship
Authors: Domańska Ada , Żukowska Beata , Zajkowski Robert
Published: October 2022

Businesses are an important part of economic development in a region. Through business activity, new innovations are created which accelerate economic growth and structural change. It should also be said that entrepreneurship has a strong influence on the competitiveness of the area in which it operates and shapes the professional activity of the population. In addition, entrepreneurship absorbs development factors that are specific to the region such as natural resources, human resources, etc. Hence, it is important to build entrepreneurial attitudes that influence the establishment of enterprises. The main goal of this paper is to express the importance of creating an entrepreneurial attitude in the Lubelskie Voivodship. In the paper, we discuss how this attitude can be beneficial for creating businesses and thus for regional development. To achieve the main goal, we used data collected in April and May 2016 among small and medium enterprises operating in the Lubelskie Voivodship. After rejecting the large enterprises, incomplete responses, and those that did not respond, the research sample consisted of 186 entities. Using statistical methods, such as regression models and statistical tests we found out that features such as creativity, ambition, hard work and self-confidence are the ones that were recognized by entrepreneurs in the Lubelskie Voivodship as the most desirable. In order to improve the situation of the region by boosting the number of established enterprises, the authorities should take steps to build an entrepreneurial attitude based on these characteristics. Results indicate that self-discipline is not a desirable feature among potential entrepreneurs. It turns out that according to the opinion of entrepreneurs, the ability to control oneself is not a useful feature when you want to run your business. Likewise, risk-taking propensity is also an undesirable characteristic. It should be noted, however, that the research made for the purpose of the paper was conducted among entrepreneurs who decided to start their own company. Their answers give a better picture of the traits which a potential entrepreneur should have. So, the results of these studies are an interesting starting point for further in-depth research.
Representation of Local Government Interests and the Legislative Process
Authors: Orłowski Wojciech
Published: October 2022

The basic principle of the functioning of local self-government is its independence, which is limited by the applicable law created in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity. The article analyzes the normative acts concerning the participation of local self-government bodies in the law-making process. Observation of the practice of their application leads to the conclusion that these solutions are not effective, and they do not correspond to the constitutional guarantees of the territorial self-government system position. The conclusions propose a new mode of selecting the Polish Senate and Self-Government Commission as well as the Polish delegation to the EU Committee of the Regions, which could improve the influence of territorial self-government bodies and the quality of solutions adopted in legal acts.
Local Specialization of Cities of the Lubelskie Voivodship
Authors: Bronisz Urszula
Published: October 2022

The article presents an attempt to determine the economic specialization of cities of the Lubelskie Voivodship. High level market specialization can result from the dominant function of a city related to the socio-economic activities of the citizenship. The study employs Florence’s location quotient, also known as the local specialization index. The analysis was carried out on the basis of Statistics Poland data. The main source of information was the REGON register database - National Official Register of National Economy Entities. The survey proved that the vast majority of cities located in the Lubelskie Voivodship have been characterized by a relatively low level of local specialization. This may indicate that the economic structure of the survey units is quite diverse. In the case of smaller centers, lack of the dominant function can result from a problem with proper identification factors constituting the economic base of a given city, and therefore suggest small chances for development.
Agricultural Potential of Polish Voivodships in the Context of Sustainable Development
Authors: Foryś Iwona , Cymerman Joanna
Published: October 2022

The paper focuses on the issue of the agricultural potential of Polish voivodships in the context of sustainable development. The overall objective is to measure the potential of individual voivodship markets in 2005 and 2015 and to identify those voivodships where the development potential is the biggest, based on the changes that took place over the decade between 2005 and 2015. The authors examined the agricultural potential of individual voivodships, concentrating not only on the agricultural land resources and quality, but also on the supporting infrastructure and socio-demographic factors in the environment of this property market segment. Detailed analyses covered 7 groups of diagnostic variables: geodesic areas, agricultural land, demographic variables, population incomes, agricultural production, ecology and infrastructure. The data came from the Central Statistical Office of Poland. The authors ranked the voivodships by means of a synthetic measure which took into account the groups of variables that characterized the phenomenon under study.
Entrepreneurial Orientation, Growth and Development of SMEs. Empirical Results from Poland and the Czech Republic
Authors: Łobos Krzysztof , Szewczyk Mirosława
Published: October 2022

Based on individual-level data from a cross-sectional sample of small and medium enterprises located in Poland and the Czech Republic we performed an analysis of the impact of entrepreneurial orientation on SMEs’ growth and development. The hypotheses outlined in the study were tested by using structural equation modeling. The study results revealed that overall there was a strong measure of agreement among SMEs from Poland and the Czech Republic. SMEs in Poland and the Czech Republic have a similar approach to pro-activeness, innovativeness and risk-taking. However, Polish firms are less likely to act aggressively. The results of the structural equation modeling indicate entrepreneurial orientation affects SME growth and development. In general, when enterprises seek to innovate and to outpace competitors they are rewarded for their efforts.
The Assessment of Development Potential for Voivodship Capital Cities in the Aspect of Local Housing Markets
Authors: Mach Łukasz
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this research is to try to identify development potential for Polish voivodship capital cities in the area of the housing market, with particular consideration of the number of apartments/flats delivered. The Shift Share Analysis (SSA) method has been used to identify development potential of the analyzed cities. The space-time analysis of flats delivered has been carried out in three market aspects regarding flats planned for sale or rent, flats built individually, and other flats (including: condominiums, council flats, company flats and social housing).
Spatial Planning in Environmentally Valuable Areas in the Context of Public Participation on the Example of Czechów Hills in Lublin
Authors: Boguszewska Kamila , Przesmycka Natalia
Published: October 2022

The area of “Górki Czechowskie” is in the north-western part of Lublin. Originally it was used as a military training field. In the Study of Directives on the Spatial Development of Lublin(which has been currently displayed for public viewing) it is supposed to be a green area surrounded by multi-family housing with services. Currently, this study sparks numerous controversies and protests of local residents and non-governmental organizations. In Lublin, there is currently a discussion on the appropriateness and applicability of the solutions included in the document. The article presents the problems of the issue and the role of resident participation in the process of spatial planning.
Philosophical and Legal Basis of Territorial Self-Governance
Authors: Doliwa Katarzyna , Doliwa Adam
Published: October 2022

The subject of the article are selected philosophical and fundamental legal (i.e., systemic and constitutional, foundations of self-governance and local democracy). The authors present a general concept and the most important pragmatic function of democracy. The subject of the analysis is also the legal principle of self-governance as a systemic postulate of the democratic state ruled by law. The theoretical inspiration for the deliberations on decentralization and local democracy are the philosophical and political concepts of Ostrom and the philosophical classics: Hobbes, Montesquieu, and de Tocqueville. Self-governance and democracy, also considered from the point of view of their merits and disadvantages, have been included as a counterweight to centralism and monocentric democracy carrying a number of threats to freedom. In order to illustrate general arguments based on the method of analysis of normative and philosophical texts, the authors also use the example of American local democracy; it was chosen as a form of self-governance and local democracy in a modern sense, yet the oldest one and very well-functioning in practice. In the conclusions, the authors state what territorial self-governance is and what role it plays in the democratic system. They also emphasize that territorial self-governance, through actual decentralization of public authority, ensures democracy and secures against the transformation of monocentric democracy into a dangerous oligarchy.
Cross-Border Cooperation between Poland, Russia and Ukraine on Oil and Gas Trade — an Attempt at Reflection in the Context of Energy Security
Authors: Konaszczuk Wojciech
Published: October 2022

The issue of supplies of raw materials in the form of crude oil and natural gas to the European Union, including Poland, is a complex and problematic one. Changes in the geopolitics of the end of the 1990s within Europe caused the necessity of changes in international agreements concerning oil and natural gas trade among their parties — EU countries. The simultaneous independence of Ukraine as a state entity from Russia caused complications not only of a political but also of an economic nature. The aim of the article is to present the author’s view on the complexities of crude oil and natural gas trading between Poland, Russia and Ukraine and an attempt at analysis. The legal-dogmatic and statistical methods made it possible to identify important conclusions for the future, the most important of which include: the need to renegotiate bilateral agreements between Russia and Poland, the need to renegotiate bilateral agreements between Poland and Ukraine, and the need to develop a common EU position within the security policy of this international organization (i.e., the European Union).
Participation of Legal Profession Self-Government Organizations in the Process of Law-Making
Authors: Bereza Arkadiusz
Published: October 2022

Self-governments of legal professionals give their opinions on draft legal acts as part of public consultations and cooperation with the Minister of Justice, based on statutory delegation. The most active in this respect is the self-governments of attorneys-at-law and advocates, to which drafts of all legal acts are being sent. To this end, specialized agencies have been created in these organizations, which carry out the statutory task of self-governments of legal professions to provide opinions on draft legal acts. Since 2016, comments on drafts submitted by legal profession self-governments have rarely been taken into account, and sometimes there is even no evidence for a more profound analysis thereof. This means that there is no reliable consultation, which undoubtedly affects the quality of law. This is the result of a fast and too much simplified legislative process that dominated the period of 2016–2018.
Oświadczenia o charakterze żywieniowym i zdrowotnym. Rozważania w świetle wyroku TSUE z 17 grudnia 2015 r. w sprawie Neptune Distribution, C-157/14
Authors: Całka Edyta
Published: October 2022

W świetle prawa Unii Europejskiej środki spożywcze mogą być etykietowane i reklamowane z wykorzystaniem oświadczeń żywieniowych i zdrowotnych. Ogólne przepisy dotyczące oświadczeń żywieniowych i zdrowotnych żywności są zawarte w rozporządzeniu nr 1924/2006. Jednakże, zgodnie z wyrokiem Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej w sprawie Neptune Distribution, C-157/14, w odniesieniu do oświadczeń wykorzystywanych w etykietowaniu naturalnych wód mineralnych podstawowe znaczenie ma dyrektywa 2008/54/WE. Ustanawia ona szczegółowe przepisy dotyczące stosowania oświadczeń żywieniowych i zdrowotnych wód butelkowanych, w tym oświadczeń dotyczących niskiej zawartości sodu lub soli w wodzie.
Reklama żywności w prawie Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Dudzik Jarosław
Published: October 2022

Reklama żywności stanowi od zawsze istotny element rynku rozwiniętego państwa. Wynika to zarówno z powszechności działań marketingowych, które dotyczą żywności, jak również ze znaczenia tej metody przekazywania informacji o towarach tego rodzaju. W ostatnich latach dokonała się istotna zmiana dotycząca prawnej regulacji reklamy żywności. Polega ona na przeniesieniu ciężaru regulacji prawnej tej problematyki z prawa krajowego na prawo Unii Europejskiej. Nastąpiło to wraz z wejściem w życie rozporządzenia nr 1169/11. Powołane rozporządzenie zastąpiło i tym samym ujednoliciło regulacje prawne państw członkowskim w obszarze szeroko rozumianego informowania o żywności. Zmiana ta wywołała pytania o relacje między rozporządzeniem nr 1169/11 oraz przepisami prawa krajowego dotyczącymi ogólnie reklamy. Niniejsza publikacja dotyczy przede wszystkim tej kwestii. W następstwie przeprowadzonej analizy należy postawić wniosek, iż wraz z wejściem w życie rozporządzenia nr 1169/11 nastąpiła pełna unifikacja regulacji prawnej reklamy żywności. Dotyczy to również prawa o zwalczaniu nieuczciwej konkurencji oraz prawa o nieuczciwych praktykach rynkowych.
Dostęp do produktów leczniczych jako komponent prawa do zdrowia
Authors: Krukowska-Siembida Paulina
Published: October 2022

W literaturze przedmiotu podkreśla się często, że trudno byłoby znaleźć bardziej niedookreślone prawo człowieka aniżeli prawo do zdrowia, którego treść początkowo ukształtowana jako norma zwyczajowa, następnie uszczegółowiona została w wielu normach traktatowych. Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu będzie po pierwsze próba scharakteryzowania prawa do zdrowia w oparciu o najważniejsze umowy prawa międzynarodowego oraz po drugie próba ustalenia, co obejmuje to prawo. Konkretyzując zakres przedmiotowy omawianego prawa, pojawia się koncepcja „podstawowych zobowiązań” państw, do których należy między innymi dostęp do produktów leczniczych. Instytucją nierozerwalnie związaną z obrotem produktami w Unii Europejskiej jest handel równoległy, którego głównym mechanizmem napędzającym jest różnica cenowa tych samych produktów w różnych krajach Wspólnoty. Problematyka importu równoległego jest szczególnie ważna ze względu na jego rolę w kształtowaniu dostępu do produktów leczniczych.
Obrót materialnym nośnikiem utworu w perspektywie prawa rzeczowego i prawa autorskiego
Authors: Szczotka Jerzy
Published: October 2022

Artykuł dotyczy problematyki obrotu materialnym nośnikiem utworu w perspektywie prawa rzeczowego i prawa autorskiego. Nośnik, o jakim mowa, jest rzeczą ruchomą, co oznacza, że obrót nim mieści się w domenie podmiotowego prawa własności. Właściciel takiego przedmiotu ma „suwerenne” prawo przeniesienia (wyzbycia się) jego własności poprzez sprzedaż, zamianę lub darowiznę, może także swobodnie go wynająć lub użyczyć. Z drugiej wszakże strony, nośnik utworu posiada szczególny status prawny za sprawą uprawnień autorskich, jakie ustawodawca przyznaje twórcy dzieła (dobra niematerialnego) ucieleśnionego w tym przedmiocie. Autorowi przysługuje wyłączne prawo do wszelkich form rozpowszechniania utworu, obejmujące także sprzedaż, zamianę i darowiznę egzemplarza oraz przekazania go do używania w drodze najmu lub użyczenia. W tej sytuacji dochodzi do kolizji dwóch praw podmiotowych bezwzględnych — prawa własności rzeczy i prawa autorskiego do doba niematerialnego (utworu), którego rzecz jest nośnikiem. Usunięciu tej kolizji służyć ma ustawowa instytucja wyczerpania prawa autora do wprowadzania egzemplarza utworu do obrotu. W jej efekcie pierwsza, legalna (za zgodą autora) sprzedaż (zamiana, darowizna) takiego egzemplarza (książki, płyty, fotografii, rzeźby, obrazu malarskiego) na terytorium Europejskiego Obszaru Gospodarczego sprawia, że dalszy obrót takim nośnikiem jest swobodny — nie wymaga zezwolenia podmiotu praw autorskich. Nie dotyczy to jednak najmu i użyczenia — są one nadal objęte prawami twórcy utworu. Wyjątkiem od reguły wyczerpania prawa jest normatywna instytucja droit de suite zapewniająca twórcy prawo do wynagrodzenia z tytułu zawodowej odsprzedaży oryginalnego egzemplarza jego utworu, wprowadzonego wcześniej legalnie do obrotu i objętego przez to skutkami wyczerpania prawa.
O dochodzeniu odsetek ustawowych od niewypłacalnego przedsiębiorcy po ogłoszeniu jego upadłości
Authors: Telenga Przemysław
Published: October 2022

Artykuł omawia dostrzeżony w literaturze i orzecznictwie problem dochodzenia odsetek ustawowych przysługujących wierzycielowi co do roszczeń pieniężnych w stosunku do dłużnika, co do którego sąd ogłosił jego upadłość. Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie poglądów odnotowanych w literaturze i judykaturze co do możliwości i trybu dochodzenia odsetek ustawowych od niewypłacalnego dłużnika w polskim prawie. Autor preferuje metodę dogmatyczną i historyczną jako najwłaściwsze do rozwiązania problemu de lege lata. W konkluzji autor stwierdza, że dopuszczalne jest prowadzenie procesu jednakże w części odnoszącej się do powództwa o zasądzenie odsetek ustawowych (za okres od dnia ogłoszenia upadłości) od wierzytelności, które są dochodzone i zaspokajane w trybie zgłoszenia do masy upadłości.
European Union Climate Policy — the Local Dimension
Authors: Miszczuk Andrzej , Miszczuk Piotr
Published: October 2022

This paper aims to provide an insight into the opportunities and shortcomings with regard to the implementation of the European Green Deal (EGD) at the local level. Based on the example of Poland, the article centres around the main points, objectives, as well as financing sources of the EGD. Furthermore, the article assesses the possibilities of employing existing and new local planning instruments, with particular emphasis on municipal climate change adaptation plans. In order to elucidate the implementation of the EGD, the paper also indicates some practical transformation actions in the local economy in the field of energy and urban transport.
Wniosek o wyłączenie sędziego w sprawach cywilnych. Rozważania na tle aktualnej praktyki stosowania prawa
Authors: Demendecki Tomasz
Published: October 2022

Do autonomicznych, podstawowych praw i wolności każdego podmiotu zalicza się tradycyjnie prawo do sądu. Jego poprawna realizacja jest uzależniona od zapewnienia dostępu do sądu obiektywnego i sprawiedliwego, w którym cały skład orzekający i poszczególni jego członkowie są bezstronni i obiektywni, korzystając z zasady niezawisłości. Do podstawowych gwarancji procesowych niezawisłości sędziowskiej w każdym postępowaniu sądowym zaliczana jest także instytucja wyłączenia sędziego, w odniesieniu do postępowania cywilnego unormowana w przepisach art. 48 i n. k.p.c.; zasadniczo konstruowana w dwojakim ujęciu, jako wyłączenie następujące z mocy ustawy oraz na żądanie samego sędziego lub strony/uczestnika postępowania. Celem badawczym postawionym przez Autora niniejszego opracowania pozostaje ustalenie, czy wniosek o wyłączenie sędziego, o którym mowa w ustawie Kodeks postępowania cywilnego, może stanowić podstawę wyłączenia określonej grupy sędziów lub wszystkich sędziów danego sądu in abstracto. Rozważania te oparte są przede wszystkim na analizie orzecznictwa oraz poglądów doktryny. W procedurze cywilnej ustawodawca nie unormował instytucji „wyłączenia sądu”; można jedynie domagać się wyłączenia indywidualnego sędziego z powodu okoliczności uzasadniającej wątpliwość co do bezstronności sędziego w danej sprawie (art. 49 k.p.c.). Ponadto de lege lata przyjąć należy, że wniosek o wyłączenie sędziego może zostać skutecznie złożony tylko w stosunku do sędziego, a w składach kolegialnych — sędziów, którzy zostali wyznaczeni do rozpoznania konkretnej sprawy cywilnej. Nie może dotyczyć zaś bezpośrednio pozostałych sędziów danego sądu, gdyż nie można wyłączyć sędziego in abstracto, na przyszłość. Należy przyjąć w szczególności, że sędziowie wymienieni we wniosku o wyłączenie wszystkich sędziów danego sądu, którzy nie zostali wyznaczeni do rozpoznania sprawy, mogą rozpoznać ten wniosek, gdyż nie dotyczy on ich bezpośrednio. Ponadto de lege ferenda konieczna wydaje się interwencja ustawodawcy, który powinien znaleźć remedium na próby obstrukcji procesowej przy wykorzystywaniu wniosków o wyłączenie sędziego. Wydaje się, że w polskim procesie cywilnym chociażby konstrukcja nadużycia prawa procesowego mogłaby w istotny sposób wpłynąć na rozwiązanie problemu wnoszenia w toku postępowań cywilnych wniosków oczywiście bezzasadnych, celowo służących przewlekaniu toczących się postępowań w sprawach cywilnych.
The Problems of Social Control in the Context of Forest Management Plans
Authors: Grzeszczuk Marta
Published: October 2022

Obligations to protect forest land form part of the obligation to protect the environment. Planning instruments are one of the most important legal institutions for protection of forests. The public administration has been equipped with competence to undertake planning activities in the field of forest management. At the same time, planning acts are among the most controversial issues. One of these is the act of forest management planning, which is a key planning instrument for forest management. The paper presents current views on the nature of forest management plans. In connection with the growing environmental awareness, more and more attention is paid to the issue of legal regulations for instruments of social control in the field of environmental protection law. The aim of this study is therefore to analyze the legal instruments enabling the implementation of social control in the field of forest management planning.
Đặc điểm phân loại các loài thuộc chi Mua (Melastoma L.) ở xã Ngọc Thanh – thành phố Phúc Yên – tỉnh Vĩnh Phúc
Authors: Khuất Văn Quyết
Published: October 2022

Chi Mua (Melastoma L.) thuộc họ Mua (Melastomataceae Juss.) phân bố rộng khắp và đóng vai trò quan trọng trong các hệ sinh thái rừng thứ sinh trên cả nước, trong đó có xã Ngọc Thanh. Nhằm cung cấp dẫn liệu cho việc nhận biết và sử dụng các loài thuộc chi Mua tại xã Ngọc Thanh, tác giả đã tiến hành mô tả đặc điểm hình thái, mẫu chuẩn, sinh học và sinh thái, phân bố, mẫu nghiên cứu và giá trị sử dụng của bốn loài và một phân loài thuộc chi Mua (Melastoma L.) có tại xã Ngọc Thanh, thành phố Phúc Yên, tỉnh Vĩnh Phúc. Đồng thời, khóa định loại cho các taxon thuộc chi này ở xã Ngọc Thanh cũng đã được xây dựng.
MONOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF TILANALA KSHARA (STEM OF SESAMUM INDICUM LINN)
Authors: Halaswami Dr , Hakkandi Dr Suresh , Jeeru Dr Shashidhar
Published: October 2022

Background: Tilanala Kshara is an alkali extracted from the ash of Tilanala (Sesamum Indicum Linn.) Tilanala (Stem) is used as one of the major ingredient in preparation of tilanalakshara, which is mainly used for treating Arshas and Bhagandara also has wide therapeutic uses in Udara shoola, Shwitra, Ashmari, etc. In the present study preparation of tilanalakshara was performed as per the classical methods and analytical study was carried out in ACRL. Materials and Methods: This study aimed to asses monographic analysis of Tilanala kshara. Analytical standardization employing tests like organoleptic, physicochemical, inorganic analysis and Na, K, Ca elemental analysis by flame photometer. Study Setting: ACRL SJGAMC&H Koppal Results: Tilanala Kshara fulfills the standard criteria of all analytical parameters. Conclusion: As the findings are encouraging, similar experiments can be extended to all other Kshara preparations
FLAME PHOTOMETRIC ESTIMATION OF SODIUM AND POTASSIUM ION PRESENT IN SAMPLE OF COW, BUFFALO, SHEEP AND GOAT URINE
Authors: Savadi Dr B.S. , Kalal Sainath , Kumar H.Praveen , D Vinod
Published: October 2022

Background: In Charaka samhitha eight types urine (Go, Mahisha, Aja, Avi, Ostra, Hasti, Khara, HayaMutra) has been told for therapeutic usage to treat various disease. All mutra are rich in sodium, potassium, hence a study has been taken to estimation of Na, K, in Go, Mahisha, Aja, Avimutra which is feasible to collect. Aim & Objectives: To assess the Na, K, in Go, Mahisha, Aja, Avimutra through flame photometer. Study Setting: ACRL SJGAMC&H Koppal. Flame Photometry also known as flame atomic emission spectrometry is a branch of analytical science that examined the species in form of atom, mostly it works on principle of ionization of alkali metal salt drawn into a non-luminous flame. Alkali metal salt absorb energy from flame and emit the light of characteristic wavelength which is observed by change in intensity of color, the energy absorb was enough to vaporize alkali metal salt. Results: The concentration of Na, K in Present samples were Na in Cow 101.3, Buffalo 73.9, Sheep 72.8 Meq/L. K in Cow 14.3, Buffalo 29.2, Sheep 20.6, Goat 15.9Meq/L. Na is absent in goat in Urine. Conclusion: This study will help in understanding the quantification of presence of Na, K in Urine before using therapeutically. This type of the study first time reported.
Review of the Reconfigurable Wheel-Tracked System
Authors: Wang Jiaxuan , Liu Cheng , Yan Qingdong
Published: October 2022

Reconfigurable wheel-tracked system, which enables a vehicle to have the high speed of wheels and the increased mobility of tracks, is one of the key technologies on improving the off-road performance of vehicles in extreme environment. A series of such systems has already been developed and equipped on robots and medium or heavy ground vehicles. The paper reviews the research work, prototype and application of reconfigurable wheel-tracked systems. To start with, different systems are classified according to their mechanical structures. Development and current research interests are then reviewed. Triangle track configuration is the most prevalent layout of the wheel-tracked system, so this paper highlights its structure characteristics, research contents and applications. Following the review, key technologies such as design of power transmission system, mobility validation and elastic track design are analyzed. Finally, prospective of the reconfigurable wheel-tracked locomotion system is discussed in terms of transformation principle innovation, depth of research and width of application.
Modeling of Lunar Rover Vehicle Wheel-Soil Interaction Using Fem-Dem Method
Authors: Zhang Kaidi , Zhang Yunqing , Shi Junwei , Kong Weili
Published: October 2022

Apollo Lunar Rover Vehicle (LRV) used wire mesh wheels to adapt to the loose and soft soil conditions on the lunar surface, aimed to meet the mobility performance of LRV on the moon. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the wheel-soil interaction characteristics of the wire mesh wheel to improve the maneuverability and traction performance of LRVs. This paper proposed a coupled analysis method of wire mesh wheel-soil based on the DEM-FEM method. Firstly, a lunar terrain DEM model was established, which conforming to the physical characteristics of the lunar soil. Then, a FEM model of the flexible wire mesh wheel with large deformation characteristics was developed, which was verified by stiffness tests. In addition, the mobility performance of the wheel model developed were studied under different slip rates and sideslip angles, respectively. The simulation results were compared and validated with NASA experiment data. The results can provide technical support for the coupling simulation of wire mesh wheels and the traction characteristics of LRV.
Model Predictive Control of a Robot Driven Vehicle for Testing of Advanced Driver Assist Systems
Authors: Huang Mike , Qiu Haixuan , Yang Chunyu , Xia Lian , Lin Zhaomin , Wang Yanqing , Xu Zongqing , Tang Mingfu
Published: October 2022

Advanced Driver Assist Systems (ADAS) are becoming more prevalent and more sophisticated in passenger vehicles, with features such as automatic lane keeping, pedestrian detection, and emergency breaking. In line with the increased production deployment of ADAS, testing of these systems are becoming more rigorous with more scenarios needing to be considered every year, see, for example, the ADAS testing conducted by Euro NCAP. To fit the need of placing test vehicles and environment factors in very specific and repeatable scenarios, physical driving robots are commonly used. While most current tests set up the test vehicle in near steady state conditions, e.g., constant speed and straight, in the future, more complex, possibly dynamic scenarios will need to be tested. This paper presents a Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy for controlling a vehicle along dynamic paths and is easily deployable across different vehicles. Experiment results demonstrating the controller capability for both an electric and a conventional vehicle is presented.
Foothold Selection Considering Constraint and Slippage Evaluation for Legged Robots
Authors: Liu Yufei , Jiang Lei , Tian Chong , Xing Boyang , Wang Zhirui , Su Bo , Yan Tong , Ding Liang , Gao Haibo
Published: October 2022

Legged robots over a rugged terrain can be accomplished by taking the environment and control constraint models into account when planning foothold and robot movements. In this paper, the foot-terrain slippage evaluation model for 3-DOF leg based on dynamics model is proposed. The authors evaluate the geometrical characteristics of each cell on the local elevation map, checks slippage state constraints and kinematic constraints. Then, we employ reinforcement learning and imitation learning to develop the relationship between the local elevation map, robot state, and robot behavior. The method can help to select the foothold considered geometrical characteristics on the elevation map and the robot state can be determined. The experiments were carried out on legged robots walking over rough terrain in both simulation and real robotic platforms. And the experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A Comprehensive Lumped Parameter Approach for the Dynamic Simulation of Agricultural Tractors in Real Operating Conditions
Authors: Polastri Marco , Chiarabelli Damiano , Gessi Silvia , Martelli Massimo , Mucchi Emiliano , Marani Pietro
Published: October 2022

Vehicle dynamics is of primary importance for the determination of the vertical load on wheels and consequently on their traction capability. This is even more true if the vehicle is travelling on an uncompacted soil and influenced by a variable load applied to the hitch, as it is for a ploughing tractor. In this framework, the authors present a comprehensive lumped parameter approach for performance assessment of agricultural tractors in real operating conditions. The proposed methodology integrates in a modular context different numerical models related to the main subsystems of a modern tractor, i.e. diesel engine, hydro-mechanical transmission, full multibody frame and tire mechanics. In particular, the engine and transmission modules reproduce powertrain characteristics and control strategy, the multibody module characterizes the dynamic behaviour of the vehicle detailing the interaction between the tractor rigid bodies, and the tire model predicts tractive capability and resistance to motion on soft soil. It also provides the possibility to properly reproduce real load cycles and their influence on the vehicle setup. The presented lumped parameter model is intended as a powerful simulation tool, capable of considering a large number of phenomena affecting tractor performance, both in terms of fuel consumption and longitudinal response due to load distribution. The predictive capabilities of the proposed modelling approach are presented by simulating a realistic ploughing operation, focusing on tire-soil interaction. Considering the cascade phenomena from the wheel-ground interaction to the engine, passing through the dynamic of vehicle bodies and their mass transfer, numerical results are presented in terms of tractive capability and its effect on fuel consumption.
Medición de la diversidad de las unidades económicas de turismo utilizando el índice de Shannon-Weaver y la distribución espacial, caso pueblos mágicos Real de Catorce y Xilitla
Authors: Bárcenas Castro Mayra Angélica
Published: October 2022

En el sector turístico, la diversidad de las unidades económicas funge un papel importante en el desarrollo social y cultural de un área geográfica. Este trabajo utiliza el índice de diversidad de Shannon-Weaver, conocido también como la entropía de información para medir la diversidad de unidades económicas de turismo en los pueblos mágicos de Real de Catorce y Xilitla en el estado de San Luis Potosí, México. Se utiliza los Sistemas de Información Geográfica con el fin de analizar la distribución espacial de estas unidades. Se observa similitud en la distribución de las unidades económicas de turismo entre ambas localidades. Sin embargo, existe una mayor diversidad de servicios turísticos en Real de Catorce.
Análisis de Fourier: Aplicaciones para el cálculo de parámetros estadísticos
Authors: Moreno Monsivais Rutilo , Sánchez López María de Jesús
Published: October 2022

En este trabajo se da una breve introducción a las transformadas, discreta y continúa de Fourier y se muestra cómo es que estas se aplican en el campo de la probabilidad y la estadística para calcular algunos parámetros de distribuciones de variables aleatorias, ya sea que estas sean continuas o discretas.
Modelo de eficientización del flujo de productos dentro de un centro de distribución automotriz
Authors: Gonzalez Sierra Armando Javier
Published: October 2022

La ubicación de los productos dentro del almacén afecta directamente el costo total de las actividades de manejo de mercancías. En este sentido es necesario lograr un equilibrio entre los costos de manejo y la utilización del espacio de almacén, el cual su función principal es mantener el producto bajo resguardo evitando daños o pérdidas del mismo. Por ello, al realizar el diseño total del almacén, existe una serie de factores a considerar en cuanto al espacio y estructura del almacenamiento; un almacén no tiene la capacidad de respuesta inmediata para surtir un producto, además los tiempos de estancia del producto en los estantes dependerá de varios factores como estacionalidad, demanda, entre otros. El seguimiento de los productos de la cadena de distribución es fundamental para controlar los costos, incrementar la productividad y aumentar la satisfacción del cliente. En este trabajo se desarrolla una metodología que permita tener una mejor eficiencia en los procesos logísticos de un centro de distribución.
Curvas Bézier controladas por algoritmo genético como método para la obtención de geometrías continuas optimizadas
Authors: Bárcenas Castro Mayra Angélica , de León-Zapata Ramón Díaz
Published: October 2022

Se presenta un método para modelado geométrico aplicando un algoritmo genético en el que la población (individuos) son los puntos de control de curvas Bézier de primer, segundo o tercer grado. Con la aplicación de este método se obtienen figuras sólidas, continuas y suavizadas y se discuten algunas aplicaciones que van desde la ingeniería de nanomateriales, pasando por el modelado de prótesis hasta macro estructuras mecánicas complejas y ciencias sociales.
Pozos Cuánticos de AlGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs Crecidos por MBE: Análisis Estructural y de Composición
Authors: González Fernández José Vulfrano , de León-Zapata Ramón Díaz , Flores-García Efrén , Ortega-Gallegos Jorge
Published: October 2022

En este trabajo se presentan estudios de composición química y de control de crecimiento de pozos cuánticos semiconductores basados en semiconductores III-V (AlGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs, utilizando una composición del Al de 33 %) y fabricados en un sistema de epitaxia por haces moleculares. Se utilizó la técnica de difracción de electrones reflejados de alta energía (in-situ) para la caracterización por composición química, así como la técnica de espectroscopía por fotoluminiscencia (ex-situ) a baja temperatura para el análisis de los niveles de energía de tres diferentes pozos cuánticos no-acoplados. Se obtuvo una buena correlación entre el monitoreo superficial y la caracterización espectroscópica de la muestra estudiada.
Modelado basado en Agentes; propuesta de preservación y control aplicando la Teoría Evolutiva de Lamarck con caminatas aleatorias
Authors: Bárcenas Castro Mayra Angélica
Published: October 2022

En este trabajo se presenta una propuesta utilizando la perspectiva de la Teoría Evolutiva de Lamarck para entender el Aprendizaje de Refuerzo en sistemas estables. Se utiliza como arquetipo de estudio un modelo de cooperación con NetLogo y las caminatas aleatorias para entender la difusión de un mensaje, el cual puede preservarse o perderse a través del tiempo, incluso llegar a convertirse en un nuevo mensaje (llamado mutación) que quizá logre beneficiar o afectar a una población. La simulación evolutiva se realizó en dos partes con tres etapas. En la primera se encontró que a pesar de que en un principio había más agentes egoístas que cooperativos aunado a una muy baja probabilidad de cooperación durante la evolución, la cooperación se preserva en las tres etapas. En la segunda simulación se aumentó la distorsión del mensaje con baja probabilidad de cooperación y más individuos egoístas que cooperativos en una población; en la primera etapa predominó el egoísmo, en la segunda emerge la cooperación, mientras que la tercera prevaleció el egoísmo. Este trabajo permite reformular planteamientos en estudios de “Vida Artificial”.
Evaluación financiera y huella de carbono de un proyecto de transición energética en una microempresa
Authors: Zúñiga Puente Miguel Eduardo , Zúñiga Gámez Tito Armando
Published: October 2022

En este artículo se presenta una valoración de los factores que inciden en los microempresarios para decidir invertir en energía renovable; se muestran los indicadores financieros de un proyecto de inversión para reemplazar electricidad convencional por energía renovable en una microempresa; y se presenta el efecto de esa sustitución en términos de huella de carbono. Se recabó información a través de una encuesta, y para su análisis se utilizaron los software XLSTAT 2016, System Advisor Model (SAM), y ReCiPe: Estimation of Emission Factors for different fuels for electricity generation in Mexico using EcoInvent 2.2 Database. Entre los factores que influyen en las decisiones de invertir en energías renovables se identificaron la cantidad de información disponible para los usuarios y el tiempo de recuperación del capital; se encontró que el retorno de la inversión de un Sistema Fotovoltaico para una microempresa con un nivel de consumo promedio de 800 Kwh por bimestre es de 4.2 años; y se calculó una reducción de 92% en su huella de carbono al sustituir electricidad convencional por energía renovable.