bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИСПЫТАНИЙ МЕХАНИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ ПЕСЧАНИКА НА МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИИ ЖАМАН-АЙБАТ
Authors: Поспелов Д.А. , Токсаров В.Н. , Бельтюков Н.Л. , Ударцев А.А.
Published: January 2025

С целью совершенствования параметров системы разработки на руднике Жомарт проведены лабораторные испытания механических свойств песчаника, а также натурные измерения модуля деформации пород в барьерных и междукамерных целиках с использованием скважинного гидродомкрата. Установлено, что средний модуль деформации песчаника в барьерных целиках составляет порядка 5,9 ГПа, в междукамерных целиках – 6,2 ГПа. Средний модуль деформации, полученный в лабораторных условиях, примерно в 3 раза превышает соответствующий показатель, определенный в натурных условиях.
ПОСТРОЕНИЕ ГЛОБАЛЬНОЙ АНАЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ МОДЕЛИ АНОМАЛИЙ СИЛЫ ТЯЖЕСТИ МЕТОДОМ ИСТОКООБРАЗНОЙ АППРОКСИМАЦИИ
Authors: Долгаль А.С.
Published: January 2025

Рассмотрены вопросы, связанные с разработкой компьютерной технологии трансформации аномалий силы тяжести в пределах больших территорий методом истокообразной аппроксимации. Для повышения точности вычисления трансформант предлагается комплексное использование глобальной и региональных моделей аномального гравитационного поля. Представлены результаты построения глобальных моделей аномалий Буге по равномерной сети точек 5×5 и по разреженной сети 5×(5-60) в полярных областях Земли при глубине точечных масс 550 км. В первом случае после выполнения 500 итераций среднеквадратическая погрешность аппроксимации составила более 7 мГал, во втором – менее 0.001 мГал.
РАЗРАБОТКА МЕТОДИКИ РАСЧЁТА УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ПРОВЕТРИВАНИЯ РУДНИКОВ В АВАРИЙНЫХ СИТУАЦИЯХ, СВЯЗАННЫХ С НАЛИЧИЕМ ТЕПЛОВЫХ ДЕПРЕССИЙ
Authors: Попов М.Д.
Published: January 2025

Данная статья посвящена исследованию динамики конвективных потоков воздуха в пределах наклонных горных выработок, позволяющий определить критическую тепловую мощность источника тепловыделения и условия опрокидывания воздушного потока при наличии тепловой депрессии. В статье рассмотрен один из способов проведения натурного эксперимента с использование имитационного стенда. Выполнено трехмерное численное моделирование с целью определения основных требований, которым должна отвечать проектируемая установка. Так же на основании трехмерного численного моделирования получены качественные зависимости устойчивости проветривания от изменяемых параметров наклонной выработки при наличии интенсивного источника нагрева.
ГРАВИТАЦИОННОЕ ПОЛЕ ВЕРХНЕКАМСКОГО МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЯ СОЛЕЙ
Authors: Бычков С.Г.
Published: January 2025

Гравиметрические исследования Верхнекамского месторождения калийных солей проводились с середины 1920-х годов с помощью гравитационных вариометров. С конца 50-х годов с появлением высокопроизводительных кварцевых гравиметров начаты планомерные гравиметрические исследования месторождения. Гравиметрическими партиями Баженовской геофизической, Пермской геологоразведочной, ФГУП «Пермрудгеофизика» и Научно-производственной геофизической экспедицией Горного института УрО РАН съемки разных масштабов проведены практически на всей территории месторождения. Эти работы позволили построить сводную гравиметрическую карту, которая отражает основные элементы геологического строения Верхнекамского месторождения калийных солей.
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ДВУХ МОДЕЛЕЙ ПРИ ОПИСАНИИ ТЕМПЕРАТУРНОЙ ЗАВИСИМОСТИ КОЛИЧЕСТВА НЕЗАМЕРЗШЕЙ ВОДЫ В ГРУНТАХ
Authors: Семин М.А. , Бублик С.А.
Published: January 2025

При теплотехническом расчѐте ледопородных ограждений, формируемых вокруг строящихся подземных сооружений, одним из ключевых процессов является фазовое превращение поровой воды в лѐд. Корректный учѐт этого процесса во многом зависит от того, насколько точно и детализированно задана зависимость количества незамѐрзшей воды от температуры. В статье рассмотрены две наиболее популярные модели (van Genuchten-Mualem и Brooks-Corey), описывающие температурную зависимость количества незамѐрзшей воды в замораживаемых грунтах и используемые при проектировании подземных сооружений. На основе анализа показано, что модель van Genuchten-Mualem лучше описывает поведение незамѐрзшей воды, в то время как для песков обе модели дают сопоставимые результаты.
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ ГЛУБИННОГО СЕЙСМИЧЕСКОГО ЗОНДИРОВАНИЯ ДЛЯ ВЫДЕЛЕНИЯ ГЕОДИНАМИЧЕСКИ НЕУСТОЙЧИВЫХ ЗОН С НЕПОЛНЫМ НАБОРОМ ПРИЗНАКОВ
Authors: Блинова Т.С.
Published: January 2025

Обсуждаются результаты прогноза геодинамически неустойчивых зон и их связь с глубинным строением Печорской и Западно-Сибирской плит. В этих зонах состояние, свойства и динамика происходящих процессов таковы, что делают зоны восприимчивыми к дестабилизации под действием региональных и глобальных тектонических сил, которая проявляется в сейсмичности. Методика выделения геодинамически неустойчивых зон по комплексу геолого-геофизических данных и расчета сейсмического потенциала слабоактивных территорий разработана в Горном институте УрО РАН. Исследования проводились в геоинформационной системе «ГЕО». Сформирована единая база геологогеофизических данных для выделения таких зон в любом слабосейсмичном регионе. Получены признаки их прогноза. Исследования связей геодинамически неустойчивых зон с результатами глубинного сейсмического зондирования Западно-Уральского и Тимано-Североуральского регионов, ЗападноСибирской плиты и Южного Предуралья позволили определить глубинные признаки их выделения. На данном этапе исследований для Тимано-Североуральского региона и Западно-Сибирской плиты использована новая информация по профилям глубинного сейсмического зондирования. Она подтвердила геодинамически неустойчивые зоны, выделенные по неполному набору признаков.
РАСЧЕТ ПАРАМЕТРОВ МЕЖДУКАМЕРНЫХ ЦЕЛИКОВ ПРИ ДВУХСТАДИЙНОЙ ОТРАБОТКЕ СИЛЬВИНИТОВОГО ПЛАСТА
Authors: Бельтюков Н.Л. , Черноусов Н.Д.
Published: January 2025

В результате выполненных экспериментальных исследований получена зависимость изменения прочности неоднородных образцов от ширины слабого слоя. Установленная закономерность позволяет проводить оценку степени нагружения неоднородных междукамерных целиков, формируемых при двухстадийной отработке сильвинитового пласта с закладкой камер I-й очереди. Также рассмотрены некоторые перспективные варианты двухстадийной отработки, для которых рассчитаны техникоэкономические параметры.
Unexpected Events in Food Production are the New Normal? Results of an Industry Survey on Factors, Influencing Resilience in Food Production and Food Value Chains
Authors: Mauermann Marc , Weber Paul , Eisenrauch Vincent , Mehnert Kathleen , Vierbauch Susann
Published: January 2025

In this paper, resilience is defined as the ability of food production entities to respond to, withstand and learn from short-term shocks and long-term stresses. Little ist known about the resilience in the food production sector. There also is a lack of information on which resilience measures companies see the greatest need for investment. Therefore, the focus of the explorative survey was to gain insight into current challenges and influences on the resilience of primary food producers and food processors, to identify topics for resilience management and related gaps. Representatives from 84 companies in food production in Germany responded on topics of resilience, including factors that influence product safety and availability of machinery, status of preparation for disruptive events and possible measures to improve resilience. The responses collected were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that most companies believe that they are not well prepared for disruptive events and that they require measures to improve their resilience. Most indicated that organizational factors such as the company’s production capacity or the availability of raw materials, among others, have a particular influence. Every second primary food producer plans to adapt or optimize machinery and equipment as a resilience improvement measure. While slightly more than half of the respondents from the food processing sector implement measures for information procurement and training, or intend to implement such measures in the future. This area is seen as the most important aspect for improving resilience by respondents from primary food production. Overall, it also became clear that there is a need for tools to assess and evaluate resilience.
Mapping kinase domain resistance mechanisms for the MET receptor tyrosine kinase via deep mutational scanning
Authors: Estevam Gabriella O , Linossi Edmond M , Rao Jingyou , Macdonald Christian B , Ravikumar Ashraya , Chrispens Karson M , Capra John A , Coyote-Maestas Willow , Pimentel Harold , Collisson Eric A , Jura Natalia , Fraser James S
Published: January 2025

Mutations in the kinase and juxtamembrane domains of the MET Receptor Tyrosine Kinase are responsible for oncogenesis in various cancers and can drive resistance to MET-directed treatments. Determining the most effective inhibitor for each mutational profile is a major challenge for MET-driven cancer treatment in precision medicine. Here, we used a deep mutational scan (DMS) of ∼5,764 MET kinase domain variants to profile the growth of each mutation against a panel of 11 inhibitors that are reported to target the MET kinase domain. We validate previously identified resistance mutations, pinpoint common resistance sites across type I, type II, and type I ½ inhibitors, unveil unique resistance and sensitizing mutations for each inhibitor, and verify non-cross-resistant sensitivities for type I and type II inhibitor pairs. We augment a protein language model with biophysical and chemical features to improve the predictive performance for inhibitor-treated datasets. Together, our study demonstrates a pooled experimental pipeline for identifying resistance mutations, provides a reference dictionary for mutations that are sensitized to specific therapies, and offers insights for future drug development.
Role of hepatocyte RIPK1 in maintaining liver homeostasis during metabolic challenges
Authors: Zhang Weigao , Liu Hu , Zhang Danyang , Yi Yuguo , Tao Liang , Zhu Yunfeng , Huang Shuxian , Zhao Xunan , Shao Qianchao , Li Peiqi , Weng Yiwen , Lu Wei , Zhang Jianfa , Zhang Haibing , Chen Yuxin , Weng Dan
Published: January 2025

As a central hub for metabolism, the liver exhibits strong adaptability to maintain homeostasis in response to food fluctuations throughout evolution. However, the mechanisms governing this resilience remain incompletely understood. In this study, we identified Receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) in hepatocytes as a critical regulator in preserving hepatic homeostasis during metabolic challenges, such as short-term fasting or high-fat dieting. Our results demonstrated that hepatocyte-specific deficiency of RIPK1 sensitized the liver to short-term fasting-induced liver injury and hepatocyte apoptosis in both male and female mice. Despite being a common physiological stressor that typically does not induce liver inflammation, short-term fasting triggered hepatic inflammation and compensatory proliferation in hepatocyte-specific RIPK1-deficient (Ripk1-hepKO) mice. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that short-term fasting oriented the hepatic microenvironment into an inflammatory state in Ripk1-hepKO mice, with up-regulated expression of inflammation and immune cell recruitment-associated genes. Single-cell RNA sequencing further confirmed the altered cellular composition in the liver of Ripk1-hepKO mice during fasting, highlighting the increased recruitment of macrophages to the liver. Mechanically, our results indicated that ER stress was involved in fasting-induced liver injury in Ripk1-hepKO mice. Overall, our findings revealed the role of RIPK1 in maintaining liver homeostasis during metabolic fluctuations and shed light on the intricate interplay between cell death, inflammation, and metabolism.
Multicultural and multilingual educator professionalism
Authors: Lundqvist Ulla , Hvid Thingstrup Signe , Åkerblom Annika
Published: January 2025

This article investigates how multicultural and multilingual educator professionalism unfolds as a dynamic phenomenon among educators in Danish and Swedish preschools and primary schools. Reflexive dialogues were produced with educators in three different action research studies. These dialogues were analysed by employing conceptual approaches of educator professionalism, equity pedagogy, and multicultural and multilingual education. The analyses show how the educators: (i) critically examine their constructions of pupils/children, (ii) develop increasingly broad views on how knowledge and learning can be productively produced in classroom interaction, and (iii) show awareness about societal language ideologies. The educators’ nuanced reflections on their own pedagogical practices displayed contradictions and ambivalences. We argue that the educators’ reflections point to possible renewals of pedagogical practices that place multiculturalism and multilingualism at the centre of educator professionalism.
A temporal knowledge graph reasoning model based on recurrent encoding and contrastive learning
Authors: Liu Weitong , Hasikin Khairunnisa , Khairuddin Anis Salwa Mohd , Liu Meizhen , Zhao Xuechen
Published: January 2025

Temporal knowledge graphs (TKGs) are critical tools for capturing the dynamic nature of facts that evolve over time, making them highly valuable in a broad spectrum of intelligent applications. In the domain of temporal knowledge graph extrapolation reasoning, the prediction of future occurrences is of great significance and presents considerable obstacles. While current models consider the fact changes over time and recognize that historical facts may recur, they often overlook the influence of past events on future predictions. Motivated by these considerations, this work introduces a novel temporal knowledge graph reasoning model, named Temporal Reasoning with Recurrent Encoding and Contrastive Learning (TRCL), which integrates recurrent encoding and contrastive learning techniques. The proposed model has the ability to capture the evolution of historical facts, generating representations of entities and relationships through recurrent encoding. Additionally, TRCL incorporates a global historical matrix to account for repeated historical occurrences and employs contrastive learning to alleviate the interference of historical facts in predicting future events. The TKG reasoning outcomes are subsequently derived through a time decoder. A quantity of experiments conducted on four benchmark datasets demonstrate the exceptional performance of the proposed TRCL model across a range of metrics, surpassing state-of-the-art TKG reasoning models. When compared to the strong baseline Time-Guided Recurrent Graph Network (TiRGN) model, the proposed TRCL achieves 1.03% improvements on ICEWS14 using mean reciprocal rank (MRR) evaluation metric. This innovative proposed method not only enhances the accuracy of TKG extrapolation, but also sets a new standard for robustness in dynamic knowledge graph applications, paving the way for future research and practical applications in predictive intelligence systems.
The bacterial composition signatures of perianal abscess and origin of infecting microbes
Authors: Han Song , Su Wenya , Fan Kefeng , Xu Zhen , Xu Hai , Wang Mingyu , Li Ling , Shen Wenlong
Published: January 2025

Background

Perianal abscess is a common anal condition primarily caused by bacterial infections, yet the precise origins of these infecting bacteria remain unclear. Understanding the distinct microbial signatures associated with periaabscesses is crucial for provide fresh ideas for disease prevention.

Materials and Methods

Samples of anal skin, feces, and abscesses were collected from a cohort of 75 patients diagnosed with perianal abscesses. The microbial composition at each site was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize the bacterial communities present.

Results

Analysis using MaAslin2 revealed distinct bacterial compositional signatures among the anal skin, feces, and abscess samples. Alpha diversity analysis indicated significant differences in bacterial diversity between abscesses, anal skin, and feces, with abscesses showing lower diversity compared to higher richness in feces. Biomarker analysis highlighted key taxa such as Bacteroides and Escherichia-Shisgella in fecal samples, and Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium in anal skin samples. The analysis of abscess samples suggested that the bacterial composition may originate from the skin, feces, and potentially other sources.
Analysing head and trunk motion in the judo osoto-gari technique: relationship to sweeping-leg velocity
Authors: Liu Lingjun , Deguchi Tatsuya , Shiokawa Mitsuhisa , Hamaguchi Kazuto , Shinya Masahiro
Published: January 2025

Background

Osoto-gari is a leg throw technique that primarily relies on the hip extension to initiate the sweeping motion of the leg. A high sweep contact velocity is a crucial factor in efficiently executing this technique. While some literature emphasises whole-body coordination in the leg-sweeping action, the roles of trunk and head motion remain unclear. This study investigates head and trunk movements (including the pelvic and upper torso) contributing to higher leg-sweep velocities when executing the judo osoto-gari.

Methods

Kinematic data were collected from 17 male black-belt judokas using a motion capture system (250 Hz). Pearson product-moment correlation and stepwise linear regression were used to identify kinematic variables linked to the sweeping-leg velocity at sweep contact (SC).

Results

Six out of twenty-four variables correlated with sweeping-leg velocity at SC. A stepwise regression model (adjusted R2 = 0.53, p = 0.009) predicted sweeping-leg velocity based on head-tilt angle at maximum sweeping-leg height (MSH) and SC, head-tilt angular velocity at MSH, and trunk-tilt angular velocity at MSH.

Conclusions

The findings of this study indicate that (1) increasing the forward angle of the head aids the visual system in rapidly processing spatial information about the target position, thus facilitating the execution of the leg sweep, and (2) a greater forward-tilt rotation of the head, which leads to rapid trunk rotation, is conducive to enhancing sweeping-leg velocity.
Food Value of Native and Non-Native Tree Species in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Welegebriel Yirga Geretasdik , G/tsion Kahsu
Published: January 2025

Indigenous and adopted food-bearing trees play a crucial role in ensuring food security during food shortages and on a daily basis in rural and urban communities in Tigray. However, information on their nutritional composition is still lacking. The objective of this study was to assess the macronutrient and mineral content of the most commonly used indigenous and adopted food trees. Fruit samples were selected based on their degree of maturation, health, and disease-free status. Three samples per plant species were collected and analyzed at the Ethiopian Health and Nutritional Research Institute laboratory. The results revealed that protein content was highest in Ximenia americana (8.04 ± 1.1%), followed by Cordia africana (5.09 ± 0.9%) and Ficus sycomorus (4.63 ± 1.0%), with the lowest protein content found in Adansonia digitata (2.02 ± 0.8%) and Hyphaene thebaica (2.44 ± 1.7%). Crude fiber and fat content were highest in Tamarindus indica, with fat content also being highest in Ficus sycomorus. Adansonia digitata had the lowest ash content, while Syzygium guineense had the highest moisture content. Ficus sycomorus fruits contained the highest levels of iron (56.5 ± 5.0 mg/100g), calcium (584.3 ± 14.0 mg/100g), and copper (0.9 ± 0.1 mg/100g), while zinc levels were lower in Hyphaene thebaica and higher in Ficus sycomorus. The potassium and phosphorus contents varied among the species, with Tamarindus indica having 3030.3 mg of potassium and 30.9 mg of phosphorus, Ximenia americana having 2704.0 mg of potassium and 106.6 mg of phosphorus, and other species showing varying amounts. Higher total carbohydrate content was found in Adansonia digitata (71.76%), Hyphaene thebaica (63.31%), Tamarindus indica (62.79%), and Cordia africana (59.28%). The highest energy values (347.2, 283.4, 264.2, and 258.4 kcal/100g) were observed in Tamarindus indica, Cordia africana, Hyphaene thebaica, and Syzygium guineense, respectively. In conclusion, wild and semi-wild edible trees are essential for addressing food shortages and have the potential to combat nutrient deficiencies in the region.
Effect of Using Plant Fiber on The Properties of Concrete
Authors: Wang Xiaoqi , Liu Guanfeng
Published: January 2025

With light weight, wide sources, low cost and renewable, plant fiber concrete has become the preferred green building materials. This paper reviews the research status of bamboo fiber, flax, hemp, jute, ramie and other high-strength plant fibers, and discusses their basic properties and defects, such as strength, interface bonding, thermal insulation, as well as fiber corrosion, adhesion, water absorption and workability. In view of these, the strategies of pretreatment, use of mineral admixtures, optimization of bonding materials and improvement of mixing process are put forward. The results show that reasonable improvement measures can significantly improve the performance of plant fiber concrete. This paper provides theoretical and technical support for the application of plant fiber concrete, and looks forward to its wide application prospect in the field of civil engineering.
From Product to Patient—Transfusion and Patient Blood Management
Authors: Warner Matthew A. , Shore-Lesserson Linda , Burns Carolyn
Published: October 2023

This Viewpoint discusses how patient blood management can help curb the demand for blood products and reduce harm by determining who would most benefit from a blood transfusion.
The Burden of Lung Cancer in Women Compared With Men in the US
Authors: Jemal Ahmedin , Schafer Elizabeth J. , Sung Hyuna , Bandi Priti , Kratzer Tyler , Islami Farhad , Siegel Rebecca L.
Published: October 2023

This cross-sectional study examines the incidence rates of lung cancer in women compared with men from 2000 to 2019.
Decision making in open agent systems
Authors: Eck Adam , Soh Leen‐Kiat , Doshi Prashant
Published: October 2023

In many real‐world applications of AI, the set of actors and tasks are not constant, but instead change over time. Robots tasked with suppressing wildfires eventually run out of limited suppressant resources and need to temporarily disengage from the collaborative work in order to recharge, or they might become damaged and leave the environment permanently. In a large business organization, objectives and goals change with the market, requiring workers to adapt to perform different sets of tasks across time. We call these multiagent systems (MAS)open agent systems(OASYS), and theopennessof the sets of agents and tasks necessitates new capabilities and modeling for decision making compared to planning and learning inclosedenvironments. In this article, we discuss three notions of openness: agent openness, task openness, and type openness. We also review the past and current research on addressing the novel challenges brought about by openness in OASYS. We share lessons learned from these efforts and suggest directions for promising future work in this area. We also encourage the community to engage and participate in this area of MAS research to address critical real‐world problems in the application of AI to enhance our daily lives.
Structural and functional connectivity alteration patterns of the cingulate gyrus in Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zhang Dongsheng , Huang Yang , Liu Shasha , Gao Jie , Liu Weirui , Liu Wanting , Ai Kai , Lei Xiaoyan , Zhang Xiaoling
Published: October 2023

Objective

We aimed to reveal the role of structural and functional alterations of cingulate gyrus in early cognitive impairment in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Methods

Fifty‐six T2DM patients and 60 healthy controls (HCs) underwent a neuropsychological assessment and sagittal three‐dimensional T1‐weighted and resting‐state functional MRI. Differences in the cortical thickness of the cingulate cortex and the functional connectivity (FC) of the nine subregions of the cingulate gyrus and the whole brain were compared between T2DM patients and HCs. Correlation analysis was performed between cortex thickness and FC and the participants' clinical/cognitive variables.

Results

The cortical thickness of the cingulate gyrus was not significantly different between T2DM patients and HCs. However, the T2DM patients showed significantly lower FC between the pregenual ACC (pACC) and the bilateral hippocampus, significantly higher FC between the pACC and bilateral lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) and left precentral gyrus, and significantly lower FC between the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) and right cerebellar Crus I. The FC between the pACC and the left hippocampus was negatively correlated with the FC between the pACC and LPFC (r = −0.306, p = 0.022).

Interpretation

The pACC and the RSC show dysfunctional connectivity before the appearance of structural abnormalities in T2DM patients. Abnormal FC of the pACC with the bilateral hippocampus and LPFC may imply a neural compensatory mechanism for memory function. These findings provide valuable information and new directions for possible interventions for the T2DM‐related cognitive impairment.
Cognition and lifeguard detection performance
Authors: Sharpe Benjamin T. , Smith Marcus S. , Williams Steven C. R. , Hampshire Adam , Balaet Maria , Trender William , Hellyer Peter J. , Talbot Jo , Smith Jenny
Published: October 2023

Two experiments aimed to determine whether working memory capacity (WMC) and high‐order executive functions predict drown detection performance and maintenance under heightened task demands. Experiment 1 (n = 111) found a positive correlation between enhanced performance scores and higher WMC, while executive function showed no comparable association. Experiment 2 (n = 28) individuals with elevated WMC demonstrated an ability to detect a greater number of drowning events over an extended period overall, relative to their lower scoring counterparts. However, this heightened capacity did not necessarily prevent the presence of vigilance decrement, but enabled lifeguards to perform more effectively under conditions of increased bather numbers. Our findings highlight that lifeguards have a measurable underlying process that may systematically discriminate lifeguards of varying degrees of experience and detection performance. This offers a new avenue for future lifeguarding research.
Thin‐Film Transistors for Integrated Circuits: Fundamentals and Recent Progress
Authors: Yan Anzhi , Wang Chunlin , Yan Jianlan , Wang Zhenze , Zhang Enyi , Dong Yu , Yan Zhao‐Yi , Lu Tian , Cui Tianrui , Li Ding , Shen Penghui , Jin Yuxin , Liu Houfang , Yang Yi , Ren Tian‐Ling
Published: October 2023

High‐performance thin‐film transistors (TFTs) integrated circuits (ICs) have become increasingly necessary to meet the emerging demands such as healthcare, edge computing, and the Internet of Things, etc. This article aims to point out the potential development trends and bottlenecks of TFT ICs, enhancing their performance in terms of electronic performance, stability, consistency, CMOS design, and manufacturing capability. Basic device structures and overall metrics of TFT ICs are explored, as well as their superiority compared to silicon‐based ultrathin chips. Hydrogenated amorphous silicon, low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon, and amorphous oxide semiconductors are widely used in displays due to their ability to be deposited on large areas at low processing temperatures and low cost, and are validated in many prototypes for TFT ICs. Their conduction mechanisms, process flows, performance evaluation, and recent advances are comprehensively viewed. In addition, the potential of emerging low‐dimensional materials as next‐generation channel materials is discussed, along with their limitations and progress in this field. Finally, the major challenges in manufacturing high‐performance TFT ICs and future perspectives are summarized.
A Multifunctional Hydrogel for Simultaneous Visible H2O2 Monitoring And Accelerating Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Huang Jimin , Zheng Yi , Niu Huicong , Huang Jinzhou , Zhang XinXin , Chen Jiajie , Ma Bing , Wu Chengtie , Cao Yi , Zhu Yufang
Published: October 2023

Diabetic wound is one of the chronic wounds that is difficult to heal, and effective treatment of it still confronts a great challenge. Monitoring the variation of diabetic wound microenvironment (such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)) can understand the wound state and guide the wound management. Herein, a multifunctional hydrogel with the abilities of monitoring the H2O2 concentration, alleviating oxidative stress and promoting wound healing is developed, which is prepared by encapsulating manganese‐containing bioactive glass (MnBG) and CePO4:Tb in biocompatible gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel (CPT‐MnBG‐Gel). On the one hand, the H2O2‐dependent fluorescence quenching effect of the CePO4:Tb contributes to visible monitoring of the H2O2 concentration of wounds via smartphone imaging, and the CPT‐MnBG‐Gel hydrogel can effectively monitor the H2O2 level of 10.35–200 µmol L−1. On the other hand, MnBG can alleviate oxidative stress and promote the proliferation, migration and differentiation of fibroblasts and endothelial cells in vitro owing to the bioactive Mn and Si ions, and in vivo evaluation also demonstrates that the CPT‐MnBG‐Gel hydrogels can effectively accelerate wound healing. Hence, such multifunctional hydrogel is promising for diabetic wound management and accelerating wound healing.
Microelectronic Morphogenesis: Smart Materials with Electronics Assembling into Artificial Organisms
Authors: McCaskill John S. , Karnaushenko Daniil , Zhu Minshen , Schmidt Oliver G.
Published: October 2023

Microelectronic morphogenesis is the creation and maintenance of complex functional structures by microelectronic information within shape‐changing materials. Only recently has in‐built information technology begun to be used to reshape materials and their functions in three dimensions to form smart microdevices and microrobots. Electronic information that controls morphology is inheritable like its biological counterpart, genetic information, and is set to open new vistas of technology leading to artificial organisms when coupled with modular design and self‐assembly that can make reversible microscopic electrical connections. Three core capabilities of cells in organisms, self‐maintenance (homeostatic metabolism utilizing free energy), self‐containment (distinguishing self from nonself), and self‐reproduction (cell division with inherited properties), once well out of reach for technology, are now within the grasp of information‐directed materials. Construction‐aware electronics can be used to proof‐read and initiate game‐changing error correction in microelectronic self‐assembly. Furthermore, noncontact communication and electronically supported learning enable one to implement guided self‐assembly and enhance functionality. Here, the fundamental breakthroughs that have opened the pathway to this prospective path are reviewed, the extent and way in which the core properties of life can be addressed are analyzed, and the potential and indeed necessity of such technology for sustainable high technology in society is discussed.
High‐Strength Amorphous Silicon Carbide for Nanomechanics
Authors: Xu Minxing , Shin Dongil , Sberna Paolo M. , van der Kolk Roald , Cupertino Andrea , Bessa Miguel A. , Norte Richard A.
Published: October 2023

For decades, mechanical resonators with high sensitivity have been realized using thin‐film materials under high tensile loads. Although there are remarkable strides in achieving low‐dissipation mechanical sensors by utilizing high tensile stress, the performance of even the best strategy is limited by the tensile fracture strength of the resonator materials. In this study, a wafer‐scale amorphous thin film is uncovered, which has the highest ultimate tensile strength ever measured for a nanostructured amorphous material. This silicon carbide (SiC) material exhibits an ultimate tensile strength of over 10 GPa, reaching the regime reserved for strong crystalline materials and approaching levels experimentally shown in graphene nanoribbons. Amorphous SiC strings with high aspect ratios are fabricated, with mechanical modes exceeding quality factors 108 at room temperature, the highest value achieves among SiC resonators. These performances are demonstrated faithfully after characterizing the mechanical properties of the thin film using the resonance behaviors of free‐standing resonators. This robust thin‐film material has significant potential for applications in nanomechanical sensors, solar cells, biological applications, space exploration, and other areas requiring strength and stability in dynamic environments. The findings of this study open up new possibilities for the use of amorphous thin‐film materials in high‐performance applications.
Intrinsic Polarized Electric Field Induces a Storing Mechanism to Achieve Energy Storing Catalysis in V2C MXene
Authors: Wang Zeqiong , Tan Guoqiang , Zhang Bixin , Yang Qian , Feng Shuaijun , Liu Ying , Liu Tian , Guo Linxin , Zeng Chunyan , Liu Wenlong , Xia Ao , Ren Huijun , Yin Lixiong , Fan Sizhe
Published: October 2023

Efficient storage and separation of holes and electrons pose significant challenges for catalytic reactions, particularly in the context of single‐phase catalysis. Herein, V2C MXene, with its intrinsic polarized electric field, successfully overcomes this obstacle. To enhance hole storage, a multistep etching process is employed under reducing conditions to control the content of surface termination groups, thus exposing more defective active sites. The intrinsically polarized electric field confines holes to the surface of the layer and free electrons within the layer, leading to a lag in e− release compared to h+. The quantities of stored holes and electrons are measured to be 18.13 µmol g−1 and 106.37 µmol g−1, respectively. Under dark, V2C demonstrates excellent and stable dark‐catalytic performance, degrading 57.91% of tetracycline (TC 40 mg L−1) and removing 23% of total organic carbon (TOC) after 140 min. In simulated sunlight and near‐infrared light, the corresponding degradation rates reach 72.24% and 79.54%, with corresponding TOC removal rates of 49% and 48%, respectively. The hole and electron induced localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects contribute to a long‐lasting and enhanced broad‐spectrum mineralization of V2C MXene. This study provides valuable insights into the research and application of all‐weather MXene energy storage catalytic materials.
Highly Efficient and Stable ITO‐Free Organic Solar Cells Based on Squaraine N‐Doped Quaternary Bulk Heterojunction
Authors: Fan Qingshan , Xiao Qi , Zhang Hanqing , Heng Jinzi , Xie Meiling , Wei Zihao , Jia Xiaowei , Liu Xiaodong , Kang Zhangli , Li Chang‐Zhi , Li Shibin , Zhang Ting , Zhou Yu , Huang Jiang , Li Zhong'an
Published: October 2023

Simultaneously achieving high efficiency and robust device stability remains a significant challenge for organic solar cells (OSCs). Solving this challenge is highly dependent on the film morphology of the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) photoactive blends; however, there is a lack of rational control strategy. Herein, it is shown that the molecular crystallinity and nanomorphology of nonfullerene‐based BHJ can be effectively controlled by a squaraine‐based doping strategy, leading to an increase in device efficiency from 17.26% to 18.5% when doping 2 wt% squaraine into the PBDB‐TF:BTP‐eC9:PC71BM ternary BHJ. The efficiency is further improved to 19.11% (certified 19.06%) using an indium‐tin‐oxide‐free column‐patterned microcavity (CPM) architecture. Combined with interfacial modification, CPM quaternary OSC excitingly shows an extrapolated lifetime of ≈23 years based on accelerated aging test, with the mechanism behind enhanced stability well studied. Furthermore, a flexible OSC module with a high and stable efficiency of 15.2% and an overall area of 5 cm2 is successfully fabricated, exhibiting a high average output power for wearable electronics. This work demonstrates that OSCs with new design of BHJ and device architecture are highly promising to be practical relevance with excellent performance and stability.
A “Trinity” Design of Li‐O2 Battery Engaging the Slow‐Release Capsule of Redox Mediators
Authors: He Ying , Ding Leyu , Cheng Jian , Mei Shiwei , Xie Xulan , Zheng Zhangyi , Pan Weiyi , Qin Yongze , Huang Fangding , Peng Yang , Deng Zhao
Published: October 2023

Nonaqueous Li‐O2 battery (LOB) represents one of the promising next‐gen energy storage solutions owing to its ultrahigh energy density but suffers from problems such as high charging overpotential, slow redox kinetics, Li anode corrosion, etc., calling for a systemic optimization of the battery configuration and structural components. Herein, an ingenious “trinity” design of LOB is initiated by implementing a hollowed cobalt metal organic framework (MOF) impregnating iodized polypyrrole simultaneously as the cathode catalyst, anode protection layer, and slow‐release capsule of redox mediators, so as to systemically address issues of impeded mass transport and redox kinetics on the cathode, dendrite growth, and surface corrosion on the anode, as well as limited intermediate solubility in the low donor‐number (DN) solvent. As a result of the systemic effort, the LOB constructed demonstrates an ultralow discharge/charge polarization of 0.2 V, prolonged cycle life of 1244 h and total discharge capacity of 28.41 mAh cm−2. Mechanistic investigations attribute the superb LOB performance to the redox‐mediated solution growth mechanism of crystalline Li2O2 with both enhanced reaction kinetics and reversibility. This study offers a paradigm in designing smart materials to raise the performance bar of Li‐O2 battery toward realistic applications.
Advanced Architectures of Air Electrodes in Zinc–Air Batteries and Hydrogen Fuel Cells
Authors: Li Longbin , Tang Xiannong , Wu Bing , Huang Bingyu , Yuan Kai , Chen Yiwang
Published: October 2023

The air electrode is an essential component of air‐demanding energy storage/conversion devices, such as zinc–air batteries (ZABs) and hydrogen fuel cells (HFCs), which determines the output power and stability of the devices. Despite atom‐level modulation in catalyst design being recently achieved, the air electrodes have received much less attention, causing a stagnation in the development of air‐demanding equipment. Herein, the evolution of air electrodes for ZABs and HFCs from the early stages to current requirements is reviewed. In addition, the operation mechanism and the corresponding electrocatalytic mechanisms of ZABs are summarized. In particular, by clarifying the air electrode interfaces of ZABs at different scales, several approaches to improve the air electrode in rechargeable ZABs are reviewed, including innovative electrode structures and bifunctional oxygen catalysts. Afterward, the operating mechanisms of proton‐exchange‐membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and anion‐exchange‐membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) are explained. Subsequently, the strategies employed to enhance the efficiency of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) in PEMFCs and AEMFCs, respectively, are highlighted and discussed in detail. Last, the prospects for air electrodes in ZABs and HFCs are considered by discussing the main challenges. The aim of this review is to facilitate the industrialization of ZABs and HFCs.
Liquid‐Phase Transfer of Organic–Inorganic Halide Perovskite Films for TEM Investigation and Planar Heterojunction Fabrication
Authors: Guo Shuai , Zhang Xiangzhao , Hao Mingwei , Duan Tianwei , Wang Weizhen , Li Zhimin , Liu Guiwu , Cai Songhua , Zhou Yuanyuan
Published: October 2023

Organic–inorganic halide perovskites (OIHPs) show high promise in optical and electronic applications such as solar cells, light‐emitting diodes, and nonlinear optics. However, the fundamental knowledge of the atomic‐scale microstructures in OIHP thin films is limited due to the challenge in characterizing them using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Here a solution‐phase “release‐and‐transfer” method is demonstrated, which entails the lifting of OIHP films from their original substrates while maintaining the film integrity, followed by a sequential transfer onto a TEM grid. The freestanding nature of the OIHP films with a nanoscale thickness, prepared as such, allows a direct TEM observation in the plan view, complementing those typical cross‐sectional views enabled by focus‐ion‐beam specimen fabrication. Using low‐dose scanning TEM, the atomic‐scale microstructure of transferred OIHP films is confirmed to be generally maintained, while the microstrain existing in original films is largely relaxed. This “release‐and‐transfer” method is generic to both standard 3D and low‐dimensional OIHPs. Based on a simple layer‐by‐layer transfer, the fabrication of a 2D–3D planar heterojunction with a good interfacial contact and optoelectronic properties is achieved. This unique methodology offers new opportunities to accelerate the fundamental and practical developments of OIHP materials and devices.
Physics‐Informed Machine Learning for Inverse Design of Optical Metamaterials
Authors: Sarkar Sulagna , Ji Anqi , Jermain Zachary , Lipton Robert , Brongersma Mark , Dayal Kaushik , Noh Hae Young
Published: October 2023

Optical metamaterials manipulate light through various confinement and scattering processes, offering unique advantages like high performance, small form factor and easy integration with semiconductor devices. However, designing metasurfaces with suitable optical responses for complex metamaterial systems remains challenging due to the exponentially growing computation cost and the ill‐posed nature of inverse problems. To expedite the computation for the inverse design of metasurfaces, a physics‐informed deep learning (DL) framework is used. A tandem DL architecture with physics‐based learning is used to select designs that are scientifically consistent, have low error in design prediction, and accurate reconstruction of optical responses. The authors focus on the inverse design of a representative plasmonic device and consider the prediction of design for the optical response of a single wavelength incident or a spectrum of wavelength in the visible light range. The physics‐based constraint is derived from solving the electromagnetic wave equations for a simplified homogenized model. The model converges with an accuracy up to 97% for inverse design prediction with the optical response for the visible light spectrum as input, and up to 96% for optical response of single wavelength of light as input, with optical response reconstruction accuracy of 99%.
Pd‐Catalyzed δ‐C(sp3)−H Thiolation of Amino Acid Derivatives
Authors: García‐Viada Andrés , Sánchez‐González Celia , Martínez‐Mingo Mario , Alonso Inés , Rodríguez Nuria , Carretero Juan C.
Published: October 2023

Herein, we report a protocol for the selective δ‐thiolation of aliphatic α‐amino acids catalyzed by a Pd(II)/Ag(I) system. This reaction employs disulfides as thiolating agents and N‐COPy as directing group, providing valuable non‐proteinogenic amino acid derivatives in moderate to good diastereoselectivities and yields. Remarkably, the method is also suitable for the late‐stage functionalization of a dipeptide. Experimental and DFT studies have provided significant insights into the mechanism and underlying factors controlling the selectivity of the process and determining the key role of the silver salt.
NAT10/ac4C/FOXP1 Promotes Malignant Progression and Facilitates Immunosuppression by Reprogramming Glycolytic Metabolism in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Chen Xiaona , Hao Yi , Liu Yong , Zhong Sheng , You Yuehua , Ao Keyi , Chong Tuotuo , Luo Xiaomin , Yin Minuo , Ye Ming , He Hui , Lu Anwei , Chen Jianjun , Li Xin , Zhang Jian , Guo Xia
Published: October 2023

Immunotherapy has recently emerged as the predominant therapeutic approach for cervical cancer (CCa), driven by the groundbreaking clinical achievements of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 antibodies. N4‐acetylcytidine (ac4C) modification, catalyzed by NAT10, is an important posttranscriptional modification of mRNA in cancers. However, its impact on immunological dysregulation and the tumor immunotherapy response in CCa remains enigmatic. Here, a significant increase in NAT10 expression in CCa tissues is initially observed that is clinically associated with poor prognosis. Subsequently, it is found that HOXC8 activated NAT10 by binding to its promoter, thereby stimulating ac4C modification of FOXP1 mRNA and enhancing its translation efficiency, eventually leading to induction of GLUT4 and KHK expression. Moreover, NAT10/ac4C/FOXP1 axis activity resulted in increased glycolysis and a continuous increase in lactic acid secretion by CCa cells. The lactic acid‐enriched tumor microenvironment (TME) further contributed to amplifying the immunosuppressive properties of tumor‐infiltrating regulatory T cells (Tregs). Impressively, NAT10 knockdown enhanced the efficacy of PD‐L1 blockade‐mediated tumor regression in vivo. Taken together, the findings revealed the oncogenic role of NAT10 in initiating crosstalk between cancer cell glycolysis and immunosuppression, which can be a target for synergistic PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade immunotherapy in CCa.
Tumor Microenvironment‐Activated Nanocomposite for Self‐Amplifying Chemodynamic/Starvation Therapy Enhanced IDO‐Blockade Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Bian Yulong , Liu Bin , Ding Binbin , Wang Meifang , Yuan Meng , Ma Ping'an , Lin Jun
Published: October 2023

Disrupting intracellular redox homeostasis combined with immune checkpoint blockade therapy is considered as an effective way to accelerate tumor cell death. However, suppressed tumor immune microenvironment and lower cargo delivery restrict the efficiency of tumor therapy. In this study, a multifunctional tumor microenvironment (TME)‐responsive nanocomposite is constructed using manganese tetroxide (Mn3O4)‐decorated disulfide‐bond‐incorporated dendritic mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (DMONs) to co‐deliver indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor Epacadostat (IDOi) and glucose oxidase (GOx) following modification with polyethylene glycol. Owing to the responsiveness of Mn3O4‐decorated DMONs to the mildly acidic and glutathione (GSH) overexpressed TME, the nanocomposite can rapidly decompose and release inner contents, thus substantially improving the cargo release ability. Mn3O4 can effectively catalyze hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) decomposition to generate oxygen, enhance the ability of GOx to consume glucose to produce H2O2, and further promote the generation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) by Mn2+. Furthermore, Mn2+‐mediated GSH depletion and the production of •OH can disrupt intracellular redox homeostasis, contributing to immunogenic cell death. Simultaneously, IDOi can inhibit IDO to reverse inhibited immune response. The results show that self‐amplifying chemodynamic/starvation therapy combined IDO‐blockade immunotherapy synergistically inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in vivo.