bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Lagu Kreasi Tematik Berbasis Kognitif pada Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini di Taman Kanak-Kanak
Authors: Arinalhaq Ririen , Yeni Indra , Ismet Syahrul , Saridewi Saridewi
Published: June 2020

This study aims are creating of a thematic creation song at early childhood for children’s cognitive development in kindergarten.  There are two songs developed in accordance with the theme of animals sub theme land animals  and theme plant sub theme wild plants. Type of the  research is Research and Development (R and D) in accordance with the design forward by Plomp consitsts of three phases : prelimenary research, development/ prototyping phase and assassement phase.  Assassement phase limited to levels One to One, so this research can provided information about the validity dan practicality of the product. Data on validity was obtain from music, media and subject matter axperts from Department of PG PAUD FIP Universitas Negeri Padang, and information about  practicality taken from Teacher of Kindergarten. Data analysis techniques are combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, which qualitative analysis used at prelimenary research and development/prototyping phase, and quantitative analysis uses percentage statistics. The result of the study are (1) the validity of  product is  87.79% in the category of very valid, and (2) The practicality of product  is 83.75% in the category of very practical. Finaly as the conclussion of this study is: The Thematic Creation Song Based on Cognitive Development as the product of this study valid dan practical for Chilhood at kindergarten.
Upaya Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Siswa Melalui Penerapan Model Teams Games Tournament (TGT) dengan Reward and Punisment pada Pembelajaran Sosiologi di SMAN 3 Padang
Authors: Ramadhani Putri Wahyu , Junaidi Junaidi
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh rendahnya tingkat minat siswa kelas XI IPS 2 dalam pembelajaran sosiologi, untuk mengatasi masalah, perlu dilakukan tindakan dalam proses pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan minat siswa tersebut. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini peneliti menerapkan model Teams Games Tournament dengan Reward and Punishment. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya peningkatan minat belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran sosiologi melalui penerapan model kooperatif Teams Games Tournament dengan Reward and Punishment di SMAN 3 Padang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan sebanyak 2 siklus, dalam setiap siklus terdapat 2 kali pertemuan dan setiap siklus terdapat 4 jenis kegiatan yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI IPS 2 SMAN 3 Padang yang jumlah siswanya sebanyak 35 orang. Instrument penelitian ini menggunakan angket yang berisi indikator minat belajar siswa. Target tingkat capaian dalam penelitian ini adalah kategori baik pada interval 60% ketas. Hasil penelitian ini diolah dengan rumus P=(F/N) X 100%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan minat belajar dengan penerapan model Teams Games Tournament dengan Reward and Punishment. Dapat dilihat pada pertemuan siklus I rata-rata skor minat belajar siswa yaitu sebesar 75,6% dan pada siklus II skor minat siswa yaitu sebesar 94,6%.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Snowball Throwing Dalam Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Sosiologi Materi Perilaku Menyimpang Siswa Kelas X IPS 1 SMAN 8 Padang
Authors: Zulfarina Fika , Junaidi Junaidi
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi rendahnya minat belajar Sosiologi siswa kelas X IPS 1 SMAN 8 Padang. Rendahnya minat belajar siswa disebabkan karena guru kurang tepat dalam memilih model pembelajaran sehingga mengakibatkan rendahnya minat belajar siswa. Untuk memperbaiki mutu pembelajaran adalah dengan memvariasikan model pembelajaran salah satunya melalui model Snowball Throwing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan model pembelajaran Snowball Throwing dalam meningkatkan minat belajar Sosiologi siswa kelas X IPS SMAN 8 Padang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dengan dua siklus dan setiap siklus terdiri dari 4 tahap kegiatan yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas X IPS SMAN 8 Padang yang berjumlah 34 orang. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan lembar observasi, dan catatan lapangan. Hasil penelitian terhadap minat belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran Sosiologi diolah dengan rumus persentase P=(F/N) X 100%. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapatnya peningkatan minat belajar siswa dengan penerapan model Snowball Throwing. Secara keseluruhan minat belajar siswa dari tahap pra tindakan sebesar 22%, ke siklus I meningkat menjadi 7,68%. Kemudian dari siklus I, ke siklus II juga mengalami peningkatan sehingga menjadi 74%.
Déficit associé à l’alcool : recettes publiques et coûts pour la société associés à l’alcool au Canada
Authors: Sherk Adam
Published: June 2020

Cet aperçu offre une comparaison entre les recettes publiques provenant de la vente et de la distribution d’alcool et les coûts pour la société associés à la consommation d’alcool, et ce, pour l’année 2014. Les données de Statistique Canada font état de recettes publiques de 10,9 milliards de dollars. Toutefois, ce montant est contrebalancé par des coûts nets pour la société de 14,6 milliards de dollars, comme le rapporte le projet Coûts et méfaits de l’usage de substances au Canada, un projet de surveillance nationale de la consommation de substances. Les coûts pour la société sont constitués des soins de santé, de la perte de productivité économique, de la justice pénale et de divers autres coûts directs. Bien que les recettes de vente d’alcool soient considérées comme un avantage pour les coffres de l’État, une comptabilisation tenant compte des coûts engagés montre que les provinces et les territoires du Canada subissent plutôt un déficit associé à l’alcool, pour un total de 3,7 milliards de dollars à l’échelle nationale.
Kebijakan Luar Negeri Indonesia Terhadap World Trade Organization Dalam Negosiasi Pembentukan Aturan Subsidi Perikanan
Authors: Gian Atanta , Akim Akim
Published: June 2020

Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk menjelaskan faktor-faktor apa sajakah yang mempengaruhi dikeluarkannya kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia terhadap WTO dalam negosiasi pembentukan aturan subsidi perikanan. Untuk menjelaskan faktor-faktor tersebut, penulis menggunakan teori reorientasi kebijakan luar negeri K. J. Holsti. Dalam artikel ini penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif untuk menyimpulkan jawaban terkait rumusan masalah yang diangkat dalam artikel ini. Dalam artikel ini peulis menyimpulkan bahwa kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia terhadap WTO dalam negosiasi pembentukan aturan subsidi perikanan sangat dipengaruhi oleh terjadinya reorientasi kebijakan luar negeri yang terjadi antara Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono dan Joko Widodo. Reorientasi tersebut terjadi berdasarkan adanya pertimbangan faktor domestik, faktor eksternal, dan faktor latar belakang historis negara Indonesia.
FAKTOR IDENTITAS MASYARAKAT UKRAINA DALAM PENENTANGAN ORIENTASI KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI PADA ERA VIKTOR YANUKOVYCH
Authors: Putri Dwi Aulia
Published: June 2020

Artikel ini menganalisis alasan orang-orang Ukraina cenderung mendukung negaranya untuk berintegrasi dengan Barat, terutama Uni Eropa dibandingkan dengan Rusia. Artikel ini menggunakan konsep konstruktivisme dari Ted Hopf yang terdiri dari dua komponen tentang pembentukan identitas yaitu identitas dapat dibentuk selama proses interaksi antara negara dan identitas  juga dapat dibentuk di komunitas domestik itu sendiri. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan eksplanatori dan menggunakan data sekunder. Artikel ini menemukan bahwa identitas yang terbentuk dalam masyarakat domestik Ukraina cenderung melihat nilai-nilai barat seperti perlindungan hak asasi manusia, toleransi budaya lain dan kebebasan beragama, kebebasan individu dan demokrasi, serta kesejahteraan masyarakat sebagai referensi positif sehingga mereka ingin mengadopsi nilai-nilai tersebut dan menjadi bagian dari masyarakat Barat. Selain itu, interaksi positif yang terjadi antara Ukraina dan Barat, khususnya Uni Eropa, yang dibuktikan dengan dukungan Eropa untuk status Ukraina sebagai negara merdeka memberikan pandangan positif mengenai negara-negara Barat bagi masyarakat Ukraina. Sebaliknya, interaksi permusuhan antara Ukraina dan Rusia yang cenderung bersifat intervensi menciptakan pandangan negatif tentang Rusia di sebagian besar masyarakat Ukraina.
Pembuktian Israel Sebagai Pelaku State-Terrorism
Authors: Mubarok Kiagus Zaenal
Published: June 2020

Definisi mengenai terorisme sangat beragam namun masih sedikit yang menyepakati bahwa negara sangat mungkin melakukan terorisme. Dalam kasus Palestina-Israel, pasca UN Partition Plan 181 tahun 1947, milisi-milisi Zionis telah melakukan berbagai aksi kekerasan dengan tujuan untuk mengusir warga Arab Palestina dari wilayah yang ditetapkan oleh PBB sebagai calon negara Israel. Setelah Israel resmi dideklarasikan pada 14 Mei 1948, aksi-aksi kekerasan itu terus berlanjut dan dilakukan oleh militer Israel. Penelitian ini berupaya menjawab pertanyaan apakah aksi-aksi kekerasan yang dilakukan Israel dapat dikategorikan sebagai state-terrorism dan di dalam artikel ini telah dibuktikan bahwa Israel memenuhi ketiga karakteristik terorisme, yaitu melakukan kekerasan,  menciptakan ketakutan di tengah populasi, dan aksi kekerasan itu bertujuan untuk mengubah perilaku bangsa Palestina agar tidak lagi memperjuangkan kemerdekaan mereka. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif dengan menelaah berbagai dokumen, artikel jurnal, dan pemberitaan media massa..
A New Electrocardiographic Criterium to Estimate a Septal or Lateral Location of a Right-Sided Accessory Pathway
Authors: Neto José Nunes de Alencar , Neto Rogério Gomes de Almeida , Cirenza Claudio , Paola Angelo Amato Vincenzo de
Published: June 2020

Introduction: There are algorithms to estimate the location of an accessory pathway (AP). However, in right-sided APs, they tend to present low accuracy. This paper presents a new electrocardiographic criterium to estimate the location of a right-sided AP. Materials and methods: Rest ECGs from patients with manifest pre-excitation of right-sided APs were evaluated and the SV2/RV3 ratio was calculated, considering values <1 for lateral (anterior or posterior) and ≥ 1 for septal (anterior or posterior) APs. We compared this ratio with other signs already described in literature. Results: In 175 consecutive patients, 60 met the inclusion criteria. For APs located in superior portions of tricuspid ring, the SV2/RV3 ratio <1 was 80% accurate for anteroseptal location (specificity: 75%), where His electrograms were recorded. For APs located in inferior portions of tricuspid ring A SV2/RV3 < 1 was 82,86% accurate for mid and posteroseptal location (specificity: 95.38%). Conclusion: We report a new and simple criterium that can accurately distinguish right-sided lateral and septal APs with good specificity: SV2/RV3 ratio.
O uso irônico do vocábulo “εὐαγγέλιον” na sentença introdutória de Marcos | The ironic use of the word “εὐαγγέλιον” in the introdutory sentence of Mark
Authors: Leite Francisco Benedito
Published: June 2020

Este artigo compara os significados e as utilizações das palavras gregas εὐαγγέλιον e εὐαγγελίζω no Evangelho conforme Marcos e na obra “Guerras Judaicas”, de Flávio Josefo. Para estabelecer os contrastes de significados,também são apresentados os significados dos mesmos vocábulos na LXX e nos outros dois evangelhos sinóticos,Mateus e Lucas, apesar de uma análise mais densa desses textos não estar no escopo deste estudo. A comparação dos referidos textos mostrará que a irônica utilização do substantivo εὐαγγέλιον, que dá título à obra marcana, não foi compartilhada pelos outros evangelhos. Utilizamos o procedimento filológico de literatura comparada para chegar aos resultados que aqui serão apresentados.
Calidad del ambiente familiar y desarrollo psicomotor en niños de 3 años
Authors: Conopuma Leguía Yuri Berti , Quiroz García Sherry Yurico
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre calidad del ambiente familiar y el desarrollo psicomotor de los niños de 3 años de un Asentamiento humano del distrito de Los Olivos en Lima-Perú, 2017.Metodología: Estudio descriptivo correlacional, cuantitativo y de corte transversal. La población estuvo constituida por 32 familias, se usó como instrumentos el Test de TEPSI y el Inventario Home.Resultados: La calidad del ambiente familiar que prevalece en la población de estudio, es inadecuada (71.9%), cuyos hijos tienen retraso en el desarrollo psicomotor (37.5%) o están en riesgo (34.4%). Mientras que en las familias con calidad moderada (28.1%), los hijos (18.8%) presentan desarrollo psicomotor normal. No se encontró ninguna familia con calidad del ambiente familiar adecuado. Mediante la prueba estadística de correlación de Spearman se obtuvo pv = 0.000.Conclusiones: Existe relación entre la calidad del ambiente familiar y el desarrollo psicomotor de los niños de 3 años, así mismo la mayoría de madres no asisten, ni llevan a sus hijos a tiempo al control de Crecimiento y Desarrollo.
Estresores laborales y síndrome de Burnout en enfermeras de cuidados intensivos neonatales
Authors: Silva Arquiñego Gisell Denisse
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: Determinar los estresores laborales relacionados al síndrome de Burnout en enfermeras asistenciales del servicio de cuidados intensivos neonatales de un Hospital nacional de Lima Perú, 2017.Metodología: Investigación correlacional, cuantitativa, diseño no experimental y transversal. La muestra estuvo representada por el total de la población, equivalente a 47 enfermeras asistenciales del servicio de cuidados intensivos neonatales. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos cuestionarios tipo Likert. El primer cuestionario que mide estresores laborales, presenta 36 ítems, con tres alternativas de respuesta: poco estresante, medianamente estresante y altamente estresante. El segundo cuestionario mide el nivel de síndrome de Burnout, presenta 22 ítems dividido en tres dimensiones: agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y falta de realización personal, los cuales presentan siete alternativas de respuesta: Nunca, pocas veces al año, una vez al mes, pocas veces al mes, una vez a la semana, pocas veces a la semana, siempre.Resultados: El 46% de enfermeros muestra un nivel alto de estrés laboral; en cuanto a las dimensiones, se encontró que según la dimensión despersonalización hay un nivel alto de estrés laboral en 39%, en cuanto a la dimensión satisfacción por el trabajo 76% de enfermeras presentaron nivel medio; mientras que existe nivel alto 52% de satisfacción laboral.Conclusiones: No existe relación entre nivel de estrés y satisfacción laboral.
A Review of Formal and Informal Regulations in the Nordic Influencer Industry
Authors: Abidin Crystal , Hansen Kjeld , Hogsnes Mathilde , Newlands Gemma , Nielsen Mette Lykke , Nielsen Louise Yung , Sihvonen Tanja
Published: June 2020

This article provides a systematic review of laws, guidelines, and best practices related to the Nordic influencer industry as of the year 2020. We highlight some nuanced differences or shortfalls across Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden, and give some policy recommendations to national governments and industry in order to maintain a professional Nordic standard. The article identifies a degree of social, cultural, and economic coherence in the Nordic context that allows for the Danish, Finnish, Norwegian, and Swedish influencer industries to be viewed as a collaborative entity. It then reviews the status of income and tax procedures, and the regulation of commercial disclosures for influencers in the Nordic region. It is hoped that this research contributes to strengthening the integrity and rigour of the Nordic influencer industry to serve as a model for other regional networks of influencers.
Efektifitas Putusan Pemidanaan Maksimal Bagi Pelaku Tindak Pidana Korupsi Dalam Rangka Pengentasan Kemiskinan
Authors: Yanto Oksidelfa
Published: June 2020

Indonesia masih saja diselimuti awan gelap korupsi dengan berbagai ragam dan rupa pelakunya. Setiap pemimpin berjanji dalam masa pemerintahannya akan menghilangkan korupsi dan memberantas sampai ke akar-akanya. Namun, korupsi tetap ada dan tumbuh subur. Suburnya korupsi tersebut telah menimbulkan kantorng-kantong kemiskinan dalam masyarakat. Meskipun korupsi dan kemiskinan tidak memiliki hubungan langsung, namun dengan terjadinya tindak pidana korupsi akan memiliki dampak yang signifikan tumbuh suburnya kemiskinan. Dalam melakukan penelitian ini, jenis penelitian yang penulis gunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif, dengan metode pengumpulan data yang dipergunakan adalah studi kepustakaan. Bahan-bahan yang sudah dikumpulkan selanjutnya dianalisa dengan metode deskriptif analitis, sehingga diperoleh gambaran terkait dengan permasalahan yang ada. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk efektifitas putusan pemidanaan maksimal bagi pelaku tindak pidana korupsi untuk memberikan efek jera kepada para koruptor adalah dengan memberikan pidana terberat yaitu pidana mati bagi para koruptor. Sebab koruptor telah mengambil uang rakyat. Uang rakyat yang dikorupsi tersebut sebenarnya bisa diperuntukkan bagi masyarakat yang kurang mampu, terutama untuk akses kesehatan dan pendidikan, sehingga kemiskinan dapat ditanggulangi.Indonesia is still being covered with dark clouds of corruption with various kinds and forms of its perpetrator. Every leader has promised in his reign will eliminate corruption and eradicate it to its roots. However, corruptions are still existed and flourish. The fertility of corruption has caused occurrence of poverty in society. Although corruption and poverty do not have a direct relationship, but by the occurrence of corruption will have a significant impact of growing poverty. In performing this research, the type of research that writers use is normative legal research, with data collection method used is literature study. The materials that have been collected are then analyzed by analytical descriptive method, so that the description is related to the problem. The results showed that the maximum effectiveness decision form for corruption actors to give deterrent effect to the corruptor is by giving the heaviest punishment that is capital punishment for the corruptor. Because corruptors have taken public money. The corrupted people's money can actually be allocated for the underprivileged people, especially for access to health and education, so that poverty can be overcome.
Zakat Penghasilan Pegawai Negeri Sipil dan Relevansinya Dengan Pengurangan Jumlah Pajak Penghasilan di Aceh
Authors: Anisah Anisah , Syahrizal Syahrizal , Syahbandir Mahdi
Published: June 2020

Zakat merupakan salah satu dana wajib yang dibayar umat Islam melalui badan yang ditunjuk oleh undang-undang. Khusus Aceh disebutkan zakat merupakan salah satu sumber dari PAD dan mempunyai kaitannya dengan pajak, khususnya pajak penghasilan. Dasar hukum yang digunakan yaitu Pasal 4 ayat (3) huruf a nomor 1 UU No. 17 Tahun 2000, Pasal 191 UU No. 11 Tahun 2006 dan Pasal 22 UU No. 23 Tahun 2011. Zakat sebagai faktor pengurang terhadap jumlah pajak penghasilan terhutang, pemberlakuan ketentuan tersebut merupakan suatu kemajuan bagi umat Islam Aceh. Hal ini dikuatkan dengan diberlakukannya Keputusan Dirjen Pajak No KEP−542/PJ/2001 bahwa zakat atas penghasilan dapat dikurangkan atas penghasilan netto. Pemberlakuan zakat pengurang pajak atas penghasilan yang diperoleh setiap orang dianggap penting dalam melaksanakan kewajibannya sebagai seorang muslim di Aceh. Ketentuan ini hingga sekarang belum diterapkan di Aceh dimana seharusnya Zakat dapat mengurangkan pajak penghasilan. Zakat is one of the compulsory funds paid by Muslims through bodies appointed by law. Special Aceh mentioned zakat is one source of PAD and has a relation to the tax, especially income tax. The legal basis used is Article 4 paragraph (3) letter a number 1 of Law no. 17 of 2000, Article 191 of Law no. 11 of 2006 and Article 22 of Law no. 23 of 2011. Zakat as a subtracting factor against the amount of income tax payable, the enforcement of these provisions is an improvement for the Muslims of Aceh. This is reinforced by the enactment of Decision of the Director General of Taxes No. KEP-542 / PJ / 2001 that zakah on income can be deducted on net income. The enactment of zakat tax deductions on income earned by each person is considered important in carrying out its obligations as a Muslim in Aceh. This provision has not been applied in Aceh where Zakat should be able to deduct income tax.
Peranan Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja Dalam Menata dan Membina Pedagang Kaki Lima di Kota Banda Aceh
Authors: Mardiani Mardiani , Suhaimi Suhaimi , Mansur Teuku Muttaqin
Published: June 2020

Salah satu wujud kewenangan Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja adalah penegakan Qanun Nomor 3 Tahun 2007 tentang pengaturan dan pembinaan pedagang kaki lima. Pemerintah Kota berwenang untuk menata dan membina tempat usaha pedagang kaki lima sesuai dengan Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kota. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan peranan Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja Kota Banda Aceh dalam menata dan membina pedagang kaki lima dan menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengaturan dan pembinaan yang dilakukan oleh Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja terhadap pedagang kaki lima di Kota Banda Aceh. Metode Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan hukum empiris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja Kota Banda Aceh telah berusaha mengatasi permasalahan ketidakteraturan pedagang kaki lima dengan melakukan penataan, penertiban dan pembinaan serta pengawasan terhadap pedagang kaki lima yang masih berjualan di tempat yang sudah dilarang beraktifitas dan memindahkan para pedagang kaki lima ketempat relokasi yang telah ditetapkan. Namun kenyataannya pedagang kaki lima kembali berjualan di bahu jalan dan trotoar, karena pedagang kaki lima beranggapan akan lebih mudah dijangkau oleh pembeli dan mendapatkan keuntungan yang besar. Hal tersebut dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal berupa sumber daya manusia, sarana dan prasarana dan perangkat hukum belum tersedia. Sedangkan faktor eksternal meliputi tingkat kesadaran pedagang kaki lima masih kurang dan tingkat koordinasi antar lintas sektoral kurang mendapat dukungan. One of the existences of the Municipal Police authorities is enforcing Qanun Number 3, 2007 on the Regulation and Guiding for Street Vendors. The Government has power to regulate and manage street vendors based on the municipal spatial planning. This research aims to explore the roles of the Municipal Police in making public order and guiding the street vendors, to explain factors influencing the regulation and guidance done by the Municipal Police towards the street vendors in Banda Aceh. The research method used is the empirical legal research. The research shows that the municipal police of Banda Aceh has been striving to overcome the problems of troubles of the vendors by organized, guiding and supervising the vendors who are still trading at the forbidden places for it and moving them to the relocated spaces that has been made. Nevertheless, they are coming back to trade at the forbidden places namely, vendor places as they are assuming that by trading at the places and the vendors it will be easier to sale and to get buyers and get profit bigger. Some obstacles are influencing it, namely; internal factors that human resource capacity, infrastructures and the absence of laws. Meanwhile, the external factors are comprising the level of awareness/the obedience of the vendors themselves which is lack and the inter-sectors coordination that is lack of support.
Implikasi Yuridis Pengaturan Batas Desa di Aceh
Authors: Syahzevianda Syahzevianda , Rinaldi Yanis , Mansur Teuku Muttaqin
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaturan tentang batas wilayah desa yang berlaku di Aceh sebagai salah satu daerah otonomi khusus yang menjalankan fungsi pemerintahan di Daerah. Penelitian ini akan menganalisa secara aspek yuridis antara regulasi pelaksanaan penetapan batas wilayah desa secara nasional terkait dengan Pelaksanaan pemerintahan yang bersifat khusus di Aceh. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif, dengan menggunakan pendekatan penelitian perundang-undangan, pendekatan sejarah dan pendekatan konsep. Jenis data dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang terdiri dari bahan hukum primer berupa perundang-undangan yang dianalisa secara preskriptif kualitatif melalui asas-asas hukum dan teori-teori yang berkaitan dengan perundang-undangan dan desentralisasi asimetris. Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan dalam penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa: pengaturan kebijakan dibidang batas wilayah desa berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 45 Tahun 2016 yang merupakan perintah dari Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa, tidak sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2006 tentang Pemerintahan Aceh (UUPA) yang bersifat khusus dibidang pengaturan kebijakan terkait desa, pengaturan penegasan batas wilayah desa tidak mengakomodir kedudukan lembaga Mukim di Aceh.This study aims to analyze the regulation of village boundaries that apply in Aceh as one of the special autonomous regions that carry out the functions of government in the Region. This research will analyze the juridical aspects between the regulations on the implementation of national village boundary setting related to the implementation of special government in Aceh. This research is a normative juridical research, using a statutory research approach, historical approach and conceptual approach. The type of data in this study is secondary data consisting of primary legal material in the form of legislation which is analyzed qualitatively prescriptively through legal principles and theories relating to legislation and asymmetric decentralization. Based on the results and discussion in the study it can be concluded that: policy settings in the area of village boundaries based on Minister of Home Affairs Regulation No. 45 of 2016 which is an order of Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages, are not in accordance with Law No. 11 of 2006 concerning The Aceh Government (UUPA) which is specifically in the field of village-related policy arrangements, the regulation of confirming village boundaries does not accommodate the position of the Mukim institution in Aceh.
Los resultados de la Iniciativa de la Ayuda para el Comercio en América Latina: Una primera valoración
Authors: Rueda-Junquera Fernando , Gozalo-Delgado Mariola
Published: June 2020

In the current context of budgetary adjustments on the part of numerous donors, there is an increasing public pressure in favour of the accountability for the use of the resources devoted to official development assistance. That is why it is necessary to measure and evaluate the results of the projects and programmes financed by that assistance. The goal of this article is to offer a first assessment of the results of the Initiative of Aid for Trade for the case of Latin America. To achieve this goal, a double quantitative and qualitative approach is applied, involving the use of the Enabling Trade Index and the case stories of aid for trade projects and programmes.
Choques macroeconómicos al sector externo. Evidencia para la Argentina (1980-2011)
Authors: Lanteri Luis N.
Published: June 2020

This paper assesses the dynamics of the main macroeconomic shocks that could affect the trade balance and current account in the case of Argentina's economy. In particular, we measure the impact of international prices on both variables. The paper uses a structural VAR (SVAR), with long-term restrictions, and quarterly data covering the period 1980-2011. We find preliminary evidence that supports the existence of the Harberger-Laursen-Metzler effect. Further, supply shocks show a positive and significant effect on trade balance and the current account in the short run.
A Historic Path through Four Empires
Authors: Shulga Daniil P. , Durova Maria V.
Published: June 2020

This article presents an analysis of the historical role of Nestorian Christianity in China. Also, it considers new archaeological and epigraphic materials from the Nestorian burial grounds of the Yuan dynasty (the territory of the modern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region). Despite some interest in spreading the teachings of the “Syrian Church” in Central and East Asia (the most famous example is the famous book “In Search of a Fictional Kingdom” by L. N. Gumilev) Russian science lacks publications related to the tangible Nestorians heritage located in the territory of modern China during its heyday (the Tang and Yuan dynasties). This paper is partially dedicated to partially filling this gap introducing brief data on the Wangmulian, Aolunsumu and Muhuerso-Buerga burial grounds. In addition, the authors paid attention to the interesting set of terms that the Chinese used in relation to the new religion.
Tradition of Transformative Initiation in Taoism and the Concept of xian
Authors: Maslov Alexey A.
Published: June 2020

This paper focuses on the characteristics of one of the key types of Taoist tradition – хian, which is usually inaccurately translated as “immortal”. Based on a number of texts of Taoist traditions Lingbao, Shanqing and Quanzhen, the paper shows that the acquisition of the state of xianhood is not connected with physical immortality, but based on the deep transformative and transpersonal experience. The practitioner goes through a series of transformative stages, each of which, depending on the particular school, includes a set of spiritual practices aimed at achieving absolute peace and self-deactualization. Such reincarnation is also accompanied by the acquisition of a bright “light”, getting a “shining spirit”, immersion into a “deep dream” that is associated with a strong insight experience. In some cases, it could be regarded as the self-rebirth in the true form (the state of the “true man”): passing through the stage of “dying of the previous body” and rebirth in the new one, as well as going to the “distant wanderings”, which typologically can be defined as a special type of rites of passage and passing through a system of consecrated rituals.
Assessing Accuracy of an Analytical Method in silico: Application to “Accurate Constant via Transient Incomplete Separation” (ACTIS)
Authors: Rukundo Jean Luc , C. Yves LeBlanc J. , Kochmann Sven , Krylov Sergey N.
Published: June 2020

Analytical methods may not have reference standards required for testing their accuracy. We postulate that accuracy of an analytical method can be assessed in the absence of reference standards in silico if the method is built upon deterministic processes. A deterministic process can be precisely computer-simulated thus allowing virtual experiments with virtual reference standards. Here, we apply this in silico approach to study “Accurate Constant via Transient Incomplete Separation” (ACTIS), a method for finding the equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) of protein–small molecule complexes. ACTIS is based on a deterministic process: molecular diffusion of the interacting protein–small molecule pair in a laminar pipe flow. We used COMSOL software to construct a virtual ACTIS setup with a fluidic system mimicking that of a physical ACTIS instrument. Virtual ACTIS experiments performed with virtual samples — mixtures of a protein and a small molecule with defined rate constants and, thus, Kd of their interaction — allowed us to assess ACTIS accuracy by comparing the determined Kd value to the input Kd value. Further, the influence of multiple system parameters on ACTIS accuracy was investigated. Within multi-fold ranges of parameters, the values of Kd did not deviate from the input Kd values by more than a factor of 1.25 strongly suggesting that ACTIS is intrinsically accurate and that its accuracy is robust. Accordingly, further development of ACTIS can focus on achieving high reproducibility and precision. We foresee that in silico accuracy assessment, demonstrated here with ACTIS, will be applicable to other analytical methods built upon deterministic processes.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclic Nitrones and Oxime Ethers by Chemoselective Allylic Alkylation of Oximes
Authors: Sandmeier Tobias , Carreira Erick
Published: June 2020

The enantio- and chemoselective iridium-catalyzed N- and O-allylation of oximes is described for the first time. Kinetic resolution in an intramolecular setting provides access to cyclic nitrones, oxime ethers and enantioenriched aliphatic allylic alcohols. Salient features of this transformation are its ability to employ E/Z-isomeric mixtures of oxime starting materials convergently, high functional group tolerance, and divergent N- or O-allylation by choice of the reaction conditions. The implementation of N-allylation/1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction cascades furnish tricyclic isoxazolidines in highly enantio- and diastereoselective fashion. Expansion of this approach to the selective allylation of hydrazones allows enantioselective preparation of azomethine imines. The synthetic utility of the approach is demonstrated by the efficient, formal syntheses of glycoprotein GP IIb‐IIIa receptor antagonist (–)-roxifiban and marine natural product (+)-halichlorine.
Absorption and Circular Dichroism Spectra of Molecular Aggregates with the Full Cumulant Expansion.
Authors: Cupellini Lorenzo , Lipparini Filippo , Cao Jianshu
Published: June 2020

The exciton Hamiltonian of multichromophoric aggregates can be probed by spectroscopic techniques such as linear absorption and circular dichroism. In order to compare calculated Hamiltonians to experiments, a lineshape theory is needed, which takes into account the coupling of the excitons with inter- and intramolecular vibrations. This coupling is normally introduced in a perturbative way through the cumulant expansion formalism, and further approximated by assuming a Markovian exciton dynamics, for example with the modified Redfield theory.

Here we present an implementation of the full cumulant expansion (FCE) formalism [Ma and Cao, J. Chem. Phys. 2015, 142, 094106 ] to efficiently compute absorption and circular dichroism spectra of molecular aggregates beyond the Markov approximation, without restrictions on the form of the exciton-phonon coupling. By employing the LH2 system of purple bacteria as a challenging test case, we compare the FCE lineshapes with the Markovian lineshapes obtained with the modified Redfield theory, showing that the latter present a much poorer agreement with experiments. The FCE approach instead accurately describes the lineshapes, especially in the vibronic sideband of the B800 peak. We envision that the FCE approach will become a valuable tool for accurately comparing model exciton Hamiltonians with optical spectroscopy experiments.
Prediction of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors from Several Medicinal Plant Compounds by Drug Repurposing and Molecular Docking Approach.
Authors: Farabi Sayma , Ranjan Saha Nihar , Anika Khan Noushin , Hasanuzzaman Md.
Published: June 2020

Coronaviruses are endemic in humans and infections normally mild, such as the common cold but cross-species transmission has produced some unusually virulent strains which now causing viral pneumonia and in serious cases even acute respiratory distress syndrome and death. SARS-CoV-2 is the most threatening issue which leads the world to an uncertainty alongside thousands of regular death scenes. For this virus, death toll is increasing in. An effective vaccine to cure this virus is not yet available, thus requires concerted efforts at various scales. The viral Main Protease controls Coronavirus replication and is a proven drug discovery target for SARS-CoV-2. Here, comprehensive computational approaches including drug repurposing and molecular docking were employed to predict the efficacy of medicinal plant-based bioactive compounds against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Molecular docking was performed using PyRx-autodock vina to analyze the inhibition probability. MPP (6LU7) was docked with 90 phytochemical compounds and docking was analysed by PyRx-autodock vina, Pymol version 1.7.4.5 Edu, and Biovia Discovery Studio 4.5. Furthermore, ADME analysis along with analysis of toxicity was also investigated to check the pharmacokinetics and drug-likeness properties of the antiviral phytochemicals. Remdesivir and lopinavir were used as standards for comparison. Our analyses revealed that the top ten (Azadirachtin, -12.5kcal/mol; Rutin, -9 kcal/mol; Theaflavin, -9 kcal/mol; Astragalin, -8.8 kcal/mol; Isoquercitrin, -8.7 kcal/mol; Hyperoside, -8.6 kcal/mol; Baicalin, -8.4 kcal/mol; Saponin, -8.3 kcal/mol; Sennoside A, -8.3 kcal/mol; Aloin, -8.2 kcal/mol, while Remdesivir and Lopinavir showed -8.2 and -7.9 kcal/mol) hits might serve as potential anti- SARS-CoV-2 lead molecules for further optimization and drug development process to combat COVID-19.
Influence of Mechanical, Thermal, and Electrical Perturbations on the Dielectric Behaviour of Guest-Encapsulated HKUST-1 Crystals
Authors: Babal Arun , Tan Jin-Chong
Published: June 2020

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are the emerging low-k dielectric materials for application in next-generation microelectronics and telecommunication devices. MOF dielectrics can function as smart sensors with high sensitivity and chemical selectivity, by leveraging the ubiquituous dielectric response of MOFs and overcoming the limitations of DC conductivity and fluorescence approaches. Herein we study the effects of materials synthesis, applied mechanical stress (37-520 MPa), varying temperature (20-100°C), and guest encapsulation on the frequency-dependent dielectric response (4 Hz to 1 MHz) and AC conductivity of the HKUST-1 MOF. Particularly, we show that the confinement of the triethylamine (NEt3) guest molecules in HKUST-1 (host) yields the NEt3@HKUST-1 system that is tuneable via mechanical, thermal and electrical perturbations. Within the frequency range of 10 kHz to 1 MHz, at 20 °C we show that the dielectric constant (𝜀‘) of the guest-encapsulated system could be tuned to attain a value of between 2.8 and 7.2; at 100 °C, an even greater range of 𝜀‘ from 3.1 to 9.5 could be achieved. Conversely, we found the dielectric tuneability of the porous (guest-free) HKUST-1 is relatively more limited (𝜀‘ = 2.8 to 4.9) whist employing the same operational parameters. Furthermore, the confinement of guest molecules in HKUST-1 enhances the mechanical resilience and yield strength of the powders subject to a compressive pelleting stress. Together, the results elucidate the new potential for exploiting host-guest interactions in MOFs, coupled with electro-thermo-mechanical stimuli to regulate the precise dielectric response of a designer low-k material.
Pharmacophore Analyses of SARS-CoV-2 Active Main Protease Inhibitors Using Pharmacophore Query and Docking Study
Authors: Karaman Muhammet
Published: June 2020

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is the most important current problem in the world. Many researchers have focused on approved drugs or new drug candidates to combat the pandemic. Structural and nonstructural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 have been detected as targets for prevention of host cell infection or blockade of vital function. The main protease that plays an essential role in the virus life cycle is the optimal target. To design new inhibitors against the enzyme, the catalytic active site and substrate-binding site should be well analyzed. In this study, we generated a pharmacophore model using the cocrystallized pose of an active SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitor. According to the model, the inhibitor inhibits the enzyme via three hydrogen bond donors, two hydrogen bond acceptors and two aromatic ring interactions. Moreover, we docked reported active inhibitors of the main protease into the catalytic active site and detected matches between their pharmacophore models. The results showed that two close hydrogen acceptor/donor atom pairs and an aromatic ring are essential for enzyme inhibition.
Mild Organic Base-Catalyzed Primary Alcohol-Selective Aroylation Reaction Using N-Aroylcarbazoles for Underexplored Prodrugs
Authors: Morita Yasuaki , Kang Bubwoong , Nakashima Rubi , Shimizu Yuki , Sakai Asumi , Moriguchi Maiko , Yasuno Yoko , Satoh Tetsuya , Shinada Tetsuro , Kuse Masaki
Published: June 2020

We report a highly primary alcohol-selective aroylation reaction using N-aroylcarbazoles (NAroCs). The aroylationproceeded smoothly in the presence of DBU, which most likely works as a general base catalyst in the reaction system. The synthetic utility was displayed in the primary alcohol-selective aroylation of complex drug molecules and natural products to their prodrugs. Stoichiometrically generated carbazole, the starting material of NAroCs could be easily recovered. We also established safer multigram and multidecagram scale preparation methods of NAroCs, which are easy-to-handle bench-stable reagents.
Brachial Plexus Block For Ambulatory Upper Limb Surgeries: Comparison of the Effects of Nalbuphine Versus Dexamethasone: Prospective, randomized, double-blinded, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Mohamed Gaber Mohamed El-Sayed  , Ahmed Mohamed Salama  , Ayman Abd-El Salam Hassan  , Fatma Mahmoud Ahmed
Published: June 2020

Addition of an to local anesthetics improves the quality of nerve block and reduces the need for postoperative intake. The study was aimed to compare the efficiency of versus as to local mixture in plexus block. The study included 45 patients scheduled for ambulatory upper extremities operations under the plexus block. The patients were allocated to three equal groups (n=15): (i) Group C: patients received 30 of local anesthetics ( 0.5% + 2% 1:1 mixture) + 2 ml normal saline. (ii) Group D: patients received 30 volume of local anesthetics ( 0.5% + 2% 1:1 mixture) + 8 mg 0.4% (2 ). (iii) Group N: patients received 30 of ( 0.5% + 2% 1:1 mixture) +10 mg (completed to 2 with normal saline). We compared the duration of postoperative analgesia, total consumption, and complications in the first 24 hours. Statistically significant prolongation in the duration of analgesia was noticed in group D and group N with the least consumption in group N. Addition of or to / mixture can prolong the duration of analgesia and reduce consumption after plexus block.
急诊消化内镜护理过程中的常见问题及防范策略
Authors: 朱 楠
Published: June 2020

目的： 主要对急诊消化内镜护理过程当中出现的一些常见问题进行分析，并提出相应的对策。 方法： 选择我院 2018 年 1 月至2018 年 6 月的 60 例急诊消化内镜护理的患者作为本次的研究对象，分析产生这些问题的因素，并提出了相应的措施，然后对 2018 年 7 月到 12 月实施预防措施之后的效果进行比较。 结果： 在急诊消化内镜护理的过程当中发现了很多的问题，如医院感染的问题、交接班的问题、器械运转的问题、护士技能水平的问题以及患者与家属的心理因素等问题都非常容易造成风险。医院加强管理对护理人员提高技能水平，更好地促进护理人员以及病人之间的良好沟通等，可以对护理风险的发生率大大降低，使得患者的满意程度得到了提高（P<0.05）。 结论： 在医院当中对急诊消化内镜护理过程当中出现的问题进行及时的分析，并提出具体的措施，更好地提高了检查的水平以及患者的满意度。
It's Complicated
Authors: Schechtman Marya
Published: June 2020

Abstract here.
Karakteristik Nanoemulsi Ekstrak Buah Parijoto (Medinilla speciosa Blume)
Authors: Siqhny Zulhaq Dahri , Azkia Mita Nurul , Kunarto Bambang
Published: June 2020

Parijoto (Medinilla speciosa) tumbuh subur dan tumbuh liar di lereng-lereng gunung atau di hutan-hutan pada tanah yang berhumus tinggi dan lembab di lereng gunung mulai pada ketinggian 700 hingga 2.300 meter diatas permukaan laut. Salah satu lokasi paling banyak ditemukan tanaman parijoto terdapat di lereng Pegunungan  Muria,  Desa  Colo,  Kecamatan  Dawe, Kabupaten  Kudus, Jawa Tengah. Buah parijoto mengandung senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid yang tinggi, diharapkan buah parijoto dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pengganti antioksidan sintetik seperti Buttylated Hydroxyanisol (BHA) dan Butilated Hydroxytoluen (BHT). Senyawa BHA dan BHT sejak lama belum diterima sepenuhnya oleh konsumen karena dianggap berbahaya bagi kesehatan tubuh karena dianggap mengandung zat karsinogenik. Penggunaan buah parijoto sebagai antioksidan alami ke dalam makanan, minuman atau produk lainya dalam bentuk utuh maupun irisan sangat tidak efisien. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan tahap ekstraksi buah parijoto. Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE) adalah salah satu metode ektraksi dengan bantuan gelombang ultrasonik. metode ini adalah metode alternatif ekstraksi non-termal yang lebih efisien, lebih cepat, dan memungkinkan pengurangan pelarut, sehingga menghasilkan ekstrak murni dan yield yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan ekstraksi konvesional. Untuk dapat meningkatkan efek yang optimum penggunaan ekstrak parijoto, diperlukan kondisi bahan yang baik, yaitu seperti bentuk sediaan nanoemulsi. Nanoemulsi merupakan partikel koloid padat dengan diameter 1-1000 nm. Dengan ukuran tersebut, globul-globul dapat terpenetrasi baik dan menembus lapisan pori bahan yang akan dicoating, sehingga ekstrak parijoto yang terlarut dalam globul akan banyak berpenetrasi. Sifat fisik dan stabilitas emulsi dipengaruhi oleh jenis dan konsentrasi emulgator. Jenis emulgator, Tween 80 dipilih dalam penelitian ini. Adanya emulgator yang ditambahkan akan menghasilkan monolayer yang mengelilingi droplet. Komposisi dari emulgator akan dikaji lebih lanjut, dimana Tween 80 yang memiliki nilai HLB 15 akan ditambahkan dengan beberapa variasi konsentrasi.
Kāhui Ako and the collaborative turn in education: Emergent evidence and leadership implications
Authors: Kamp Annelies
Published: June 2020

Internationally, in contexts of escalating globalisation, collaboration has increasingly been taken up as a social policy tool. Education has not been exempt from that uptake. In Aotearoa, this is most clearly evidenced in the implementation of Kāhui Ako | Communities of Learning. In this paper, I detail the ‘why’ of this global shift towards collaborative initiatives, engage with available research as to the limits and possibilities of their successful implementation, and consider the implications of collaboration for leadership. I then draw on theory to advance some practice priorities for realising the potential of such policy initiatives.
Avaliação dos resultados da metodologia de medicamentos gatilho para busca de reações adversas
Authors: Araujo Paulo Monteiro , Braúna Carina Da Costa , Santos Veridiana Rebelo dos , Santana Lorena Citó Lopes Resende , Amorim Maria do Socorro Rego de , Coêlho Mayara Ladeira
Published: June 2020

INTRODUÇÂO Os medicamentos são importantes insumos para a assistência à saúde. Sendo assim a farmacovigilância surge como necessidade para um mundo que usa amplamente a intervenção medicamentosa. OBJETIVO Compreender os resultados obtidos com a implementação da busca de reações adversas através da metodologia de medicamentos gatilho (Trigger tool) e consolidar os tipos de reações adversas, os medicamentos mais envolvidos nelas e possíveis pontos de melhoria na implementação da busca. METODOLOGIA Trata-se de um estudo transversal e exploratório com coleta de dados retrospectiva. O período de estudo fora de março de 2017 até fevereiro de 2018, foram incluídos todos os pacientes atendidos que utilizavam algum dos medicamentos da lista de medicamentos gatilho. RESULTADOS Foram analisados 6068 eventos de detecção em 2726 prontuários, do qual, em 22 deles ocorreram RAMs. A população do estudo foi caracterizada como adultos de meia idade, com média de 47 anos (DP ± 21 anos). Sendo a população igualmente dividida quanto ao gênero, com 11 indivíduos para cada sexo. A maioria das reações foram desencadeadas por antimicrobianos ou analgésicos, e a via endovenosa fora predominante para a administração desses medicamentos, essas reações foram caracterizadas em sua maioria como do tipo B – Bizarras, com causalidade provável e gravidade leve. CONCLUSÃO As seguintes melhorias foram sugeridas: promoção do uso racional de antimicrobianos e analgésicos, utilização de algoritmos de causalidade que envolvam o uso de variáveis mais abrangentes e alinhadas com as reações adversas ao qual se investiga.