bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Sentiment Revealed in Social Networks during the Games of the Brazilian Team in the 2014 World Cup
Authors: Paulino Rita
Published: May 2015

The participation of people in social networks is undeniably a contemporary phenomenon that presents as a characteristic not only the flow of explicit information in data form, natural and complex, but also some information (data) from the network's own movement. It is in this context that this article fits with the purpose of revealing information that is implied in participatory movements of sociotechnical networks. For this, one can rely on the conceptual theoretical contribution about Actor-Network Theory (ANT), by Bruno Latour (2012): “follow things through the networks they carry”. It is believed that by following the movements of social networks, one can view information that reflects feelings and actions that are implied in the connections about facts and events. In this article, the author will analyze and monitor social networks during the games of the 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil. This approach brings us to an applied research and experimental.
Investigation about Participatory Teachers' Training based on MOOC
Authors: Zhou Qing-Guo , Guo Shou-Chao , Zhou Rui
Published: May 2015

In consideration of shortcomings of general teachers' training module, such as less chance, inefficiency, theory-practice gap and short duration, we expounds the concept and process of teachers' training module based on MOOC, discusses how MOOC platform promote collaborative teachers' training development and improve teachers' training methods and other issues in this paper. This paper proposes collaborative teachers' training model with analysis and argumentation on theory, performance and learning support both inside and outside the classroom, aiming for a reference for every education trainers.
Which Way is Up?
Authors: Farrelly Glen
Published: May 2015

Despite the growing prominence of locative media, its potential influence on our relationships to our places has not been well understood. Based on previous studies, this paper argues that locative media can affect our spatial relationships in various ways and thereby improve our sense of place. To understand how this can be accomplished it is important to examine the features and affordances of the medium along with user practices and outcomes in relation to place. A brief history of locative media is offered to demonstrate a progression from an early focus on wayfinding to current applications that offer a variety of place-related experiences. Subsequent sections outline four qualities about locative media that combine to differentiate it from other media in regards to place, which are its interactivity, reach, mobility, and vocality. The possible user outcomes of social navigation, autobiographical insideness, defamiliarization and refamiliarlization, and spatial interaction are examined as ways in which locative media can enhance sense of place.
Grand Theft Auto(mation)
Authors: Lange Ryan , Bowman Nicholas David , Banks Jaime , Lange Amanda
Published: May 2015

A growing area of video game research considers factors external to games that might predict both observed in-game and physical world decisions. One factor may be an individual's habitual behaviors, such as their physical activity routines. Because the authors tend to automate behaviors that they repeat in stable circumstances or contexts, virtual re-creations of those stimuli should prompt the same behavior in the game environment. Moreover, as virtual worlds become more similar to the physical world, behaviors the authors learn in physical reality might influence virtual behaviors. The authors ask two research questions: (RQ1) Is there an association between real-world habits and in-game decisions? (RQ2) Does the nature of the in-game task influence any relationship between real-world habits and in-game decisions? A quasi-experiment of 110 students at a large, mid-Atlantic university demonstrated that physical activity routines bias in-game transportation decisions, particularly when prompted to pursue a specific goal over a free exploration task.
m-Government Adoption in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alssbaiheen Anan , Love Steve
Published: May 2015

This study analyzed the challenges and opportunities associated with the implementation of mobile government services in Saudi Arabia. By collecting data through surveys from citizens and employees in Saudi Arabia, this study shows that the high level of mobile penetration in the country offers an opportunity for Saudi Arabian government to offer mobile government services in the country. The results suggest that although a large percentage of population does not have access to mobile technologies, there is still a strong desire among users for the provision of mobile government services. The effective implementation of mobile government services would enhance the technological development in Saudi Arabia. However, there exist certain challenges. Sufficient level of understanding among the Saudi Arabian population about the benefits of mobile government services is lacking. There is lack of the customization of mobile government services and lack of access to mobile technologies would be a challenge.
Fatigue Life of Arenga Pinnata/Epoxy Composites
Authors: Abdullah Abdul Hakim , Mat Muhd Faiz
Published: May 2015

In this study, fatigue properties of unidirectional Arenga Pinnata fibre reinforced epoxy composites have been investigated under tension-tension fatigue loading. Composites were made at 25% by Arenga Pinnata fibre weight contents using hand lay-out technique. Tensile test was performed prior fatigue loading evaluation. The composites where then were cycled between 90%, 80%, 70% measured from ultimate tensile stress (UTS), with 10 Hz of frequency and stress ratio of R at 0.1. Tensile results indicated that the composites resist to deformation and this reaction denotes that the composites are a brittle material. Fatigue life of composite was improving as the cycled stress decreases. The fatigue resistance were calculated by employing analytical expression and compared with relevant fatigue data.
Encapsulation of Lanthanide β-diketone Hybrids in Organic Oligomer Poly(ethylene glycol) 400
Authors: Li Hua Ti , Liu Dong , Li Ying , Wang Jie Lin , Wang Xia
Published: May 2015

The organic ligand 2-Thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTA) which was selected as molecular bridge for sensitization of europium and terbium ions were modified by 3-(triethoxysilyl)-propylisocyanate (TEPIC) to obtain the hybrid precursor TTA-Si. Then the solution of Eu(NO3)3 and Tb(NO3)3 were added in the presence of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS). The binary lanthanide organic/inorganic hybrid material were obtained. The ternary hybrid materials were obtained by adding the solution of Eu(NO3)3 and Tb(NO3)3 and Poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG400). We investigated the thermal stability and luminescence properties of hybrids and found that the ternary hybrid materials exhibit better thermal stability and stronger emission intensity. Furthermore, compared with the binary mesoporous material Eu-(TTA-Si)3 and Tb-(TTA-Si)3, the ternary mesoporous material Eu-(TTA-Si)3-PEG and Tb-(TTA-Si)3-PEG exhibits the characteristic emission of the Eu3+ and Tb3+ ion with a higher luminescence intensity, suggesting that the introduction of PEG is of benefit for the sensitization of Eu3+ and Tb3+ luminescence, by replacing H2O groups that can quench the luminescence of Eu3+ and Tb3+ ions.
Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis of Arenga Pinnata Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composites: Effects of Alkaline Treatment
Authors: Abdullah Abdul Hakim , Abdul Khadir Mohamad Syafiq , Nik Roseley Nik Roselina
Published: May 2015

In present investigations, dynamic mechanical thermal behaviours of Arenga Pinnata fibres prior and after alkaline treatment were studied. The alkaline treatments were applied on the Arenga Pinnata fibres by immersed in the alkaline solution, 6% Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH). Using hand lay-out technique, composites were fabricated at 20% and 40% by Arenga Pinnatafibres weight contents. The thermal behaviours of both untreated and treated composites were determined by employing Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMTA). The results shows that the treated fibres owned better results of Storage Modulus (E’), Loss Modulus (E”) and Tan Delta temperatures ranges from 0°C to 80°C
Effect of Heat Treatment on the Creep Properties of Zr-1Nb-0.12O Nuclear Cladding Tubes
Authors: Kim In Won , Hong Sun Ig
Published: May 2015

Creep properties of one-step and two-step annealed Zr-1Nb-0.12O cladding tubes were studied. Creep tests were carried out at 450~500 °C with the applied stress between 80MPa and 120MPa The creep rates of the two-step annealed Zr-1Nb-0.12O alloy were found to be slower than those of the one-step annealed Zr-1Nb-0.12O alloy. The creep rate decreased with increase of grain size with annealing for Zr-1Nb-0.12O at intermediate temperatures, suggesting the creep resistance can be enhanced by the grain size control. The creep life of two-step annealed Zr-1Nb-0.12O increased over the one-step annealed Zr-1Nb-0.12O by the factor of 18~20 despite the greater initial instantaneous strain.
Application of the Betti Number to Prior Austenite Grain Size Analysis of Repeatedly Quenched Steel Based on the Homology Method
Authors: Mizobe Koshiro , Kida Katsuyuki , Matsuda Wakana , Nakane Kazuaki
Published: May 2015

Grain refinement has a strong influence on material strength. Therefore, the automatic evaluation method of the grain refinement level is useful. In order to develop a grain size analysis system, we applied the homology theory to prior austenite grain analysis. We prepared repeatedly quenched high-carbon high-chromium steel samples (JIS-SUJ2) and evaluated their microstructures in order to investigate the relation between theBettinumbers (b0andb1) and prior austenite grains. We found that theBettinumber (b1) is strongly correlated to the number of grains.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Galvanic Corrosion of Cu/Al/Cu Clad Soaked in 3.5% NaCl Brine Solution
Authors: Kang Gyeong Tae , Hong Sun Ig
Published: May 2015

The galvanic corrosion of Cu/Al/Cu clad in 3.5% NaCl brine solution has been studied. No visible intermetallic compounds were found at the Cu/Al interface after roll-bonding, But Intermetallic layer grew up to 40μm after heat treatment 500°C for 10hours. The galvanic corrosion occurred significantly in the Al region in contact with Cu. The depth of the dissolved Al gradually decreased with distance away from the Cu/Al interface. Both IDR width and IDR depth increased steadily with increase of soaking time. The IDR width and depth of as-roll-bonded Cu/Al/Cu is far greater than those of heat-treated Cu/Al/Cu at 500°C for 10hours, suggesting the presence of intermetallic compounds influences the galvanic corrosion behavior.
Mechanical Performance and Ductility of Cu/Al/Cu Clad Metals
Authors: Kim Won Nyeon , Kim In Kyu , Hong Sun Ig
Published: May 2015

The tensile mechanical performance and ductility of Cu/Al/Cu clad composite were studied. Brittle interfacial reaction compounds were observed at Cu/Al interfaces after annealing at 500°C. The ultimate tensile strength of the tri-layered Cu/Al/Cu clad plates is in close agreement with those calculated from the UTS data of separated Cu and Al layers using the rule of mixture. The loss of ductility in Cu/Al/Cu and separate Cu upon annealing at 500°C is associated with the brittle intermetallic layer. The greater ductility of as-roll-bonded Cu/Al/Cu than those of both Cu and Al is linked to the excellent interface bonding after roll-bonding. Excellent bonding at Cu/Al interface is prerequisites for improvement ductility of clad composite.
Effects of Selenization Conditions on the Properties of Cu-In-Ga-Se Thin Films Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Tang Lei , Chen Shui Yuan , Zhang Hui Qin , Huang Zhi Gao
Published: May 2015

In this paper, Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is attempted to be an alternative synthesis method for Cu-Ga-In (CIGS) thin films. Cu-In-Ga prefabricated metal films were grown on the quartz substrates by PLD method. Then the CIGS films with different Se content were synthesized by the post-selenization(Se)-annealing processes. The structure, element component proportion and optical properties of the CIGS films were investigated. The experimental results indicate that the CIGS films can be well obtained by the PLD method with Se-annealing. The performances of the CIGS films are much affect by the Se-annealing processes, including Se-annealing temperature, annealing time, and the way of Se-annealing. The CIGS films prepared by PLD method with Se-annealing present fine visible light absorption properties.
Effect of Nano-Oxide Addition on Mechanical Properties of Alumina-Mullite-Zirconia Composites
Authors: Poowancum Anurat , Watcharamaisakul Sukasem
Published: May 2015

This work reports on the effect of CeO2 and Cr2O3 addition on the mechanical properties of Al2O3-mullite-ZrO2 composites. The amount of additives added was 1.5wt%CeO2, 1.5wt%Cr2O3 and the mixture of 1.5wt%CeO2 and 1.5 wt%Cr2O3. Bulk composites have been sintered by using pressure-less sintering method. Phases, microstructure, density and porosity of sintered composites were characterized. Flexural strength and fracture toughness were also determined. The results from mechanical tests showed that the highest flexural strength was obtained with the mixture of CeO2 and Cr2O3 addition, while the highest fracture toughness was obtained with CeO2 addition.
Hollow Gold Nanoparticals as Biocompatible Radiosensitizer: An In Vitro Proof of Concept Study
Authors: Huang Chien Wen , Kearney Vasant , Moeendarbari Sina , Jiang Rui Qian , Christensen Preston , Tekade Rakesh , Sun Xian Kai , Mao Wei Hua , Hao Yao Wu
Published: May 2015

We report in vitro studies on radiotherapy enhancement of hollow gold nanoparticles (HAuNPs), which feature a 50 nm hollow core and a 30 nm thick polycrystalline shell. A clonogenic cell survival assay was used to assess radiation dose enhancement on breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Cells were cultured in a cell culture solution in which pegylated HAuNPs were added. No cytotoxicity of the HAuNPs was observed at the nanoparticle concentration up to 4.25×109 nanoparticles/ml (350 μM Au concentration). A small animal X-ray irradiator and a clinical linear accelerator were used to irradiate HAuNP-treated and control groups. It shows that the radiation damage to the cells is significantly enhanced when the cells are exposed to HAuNPs. This is the first time that AuNPs with diameter larger than 100 nm has been studied for their radiosensitizing effects. In clinical settings, we envision that HAuNPs could be intratumorally injected into tumors, which is more realistic for practical usage of AuNPs as radiosensitizer than passive accumulation in tumors using the enhanced permeability and retention effect or active targeting. Larger particles are favored for the intratumoral injection approach since larger particles tend to be retained in the injection sites, less likely diffusing into surrounding normal tissues. So, this proof-of-concept evaluation shows a promising potential to use HAuNPs as radiation therapy sensitizer for cancers.
Copper Quantum Dots Formation in a Borosilicate Glass
Authors: Zhang Jian , Sheng Jia Wei
Published: May 2015

This Borosilicate glass offers superior properties to the ordinary silicate glass. Metallic quantum dots embedded in glass are promising materials which can be used in modern optical devices. However, the introduction of metallic quantum dots into borosilicate glass has not been studied. We investigated the formation of copper quantum dots in Cu-doped borosilicate glass matrix using thermal annealing process. The reductant SnO included in borosilicate glass played an important role in the formation of the metallic quantum dots. Specifically, Cu quantum dots were formed only when SnO content reached at least 0.5 wt% after borosilicate glass was heated at 600 °C for 60min, which was evidenced by the detection of the characteristic absorption band at about 560nm originated from the surface plasmon resonance of Cu nanoparticles. The optimal concentration of SnO was found to be 1.5 wt% and the mean size for the heating-induced Cu quantum dots was calculated to be ~1.7 nm. Our data offer a simple approach to prepare the metallic quantum dots in borosilicate glass matrix and suggest a new type of metallic quantum dots for applications where superior durability, chemical and heat resistance are required.
The revolving door syndrome in internal medicine: a study on 11,846 subjects discharged from all Internal Medicine Departments of Tuscany with diagnosis of heart failure and pneumonia
Authors: Tellini Matteo , Petrioli Alessandra , Forni Silvia , Morettini Alessandro
Published: May 2015

Rehospitalization is the return of a patient to a surgical or medical department within 30 days from discharge. We have limited information on the frequency and patterns of rehospitalization in Italy. Our purpose is to describe this phenomenon in Tuscany. We analyzed regional hospital discharge abstract data in Tuscany 2012, to describe 30-day all cause readmissions. We studied patients aged 18 or more (11,846) discharged with diagnoses of heart failure and pneumonia from Internal Medicine Departments. Relationships between 30-day readmission rates, demographic and clinical characteristics have been analyzed. 18% and 15% of subjects respectively discharged with diagnosis of heart failure and pneumonia were readmitted within 30 days. Risk factors significantly related to readmissions were longer length of stay, increasing number of different medications taken during the year preceding hospitalization and greater number of hospitalizations during the semester preceding admission. From the analysis of risk factors we found that frailty and complexity of patients (identified by long hospitalization stays, high number of drugs and previous admissions) are the most important factors for unplanned readmissions.
Complexity of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease hospitalized in internal medicine: a survey by FADOI
Authors: Nozzoli Carlo , Anastasio Luigi , Fabbri Leonardo M. , Marino Pietro , Nardi Roberto , Sacchetta Antonio , Mastroianni Franco , Mangano Giovanni , Lombardini Fabrizio , Zappaterra Angela , Valerio Antonella , Vescovo Giorgio , Agnelli Giancarlo , Campanini Mauro , Of FADOI For the Research Department
Published: May 2015

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most frequent pathologies among patients hospitalized in Internal Medicine (IM) Departments. COPD is frequently associated with concomitant diseases, which represent major causes of death, and affect disease management. Objectives of our study are to assess the prevalence of COPD patients in IM, to evaluate their comorbidity status, and to describe their complexity, by means of the validated multidimensional prognostic index (MPI) score. COMPLEXICO is an observational, prospective, multicenter study, enrolling consecutive patients hospitalized for any cause in IM, with diagnosis of COPD documented by spirometry. A total of 1002 patients in 43 IM Units in Italy were enrolled. The prevalence of COPD in IM was found to be 18.1%, and 72.8% of patients had at least three chronic diseases other than COPD. The mean MPI was 0.43±0.15, and according to a stratification algorithm 31.8% of patients were classified as having low-risk, 58.9% moderate-risk and 9.3% severe-risk of adverse outcome. More than two-thirds of COPD patients in our study present moderate to severe risk of poor outcome according to the MPI stratification.
The Jewish Setting of the Epistle of James
Authors: Allison Dale C.
Published: May 2015

Many older commentators understood the Epistle of James to address itself to Jews of the diaspora, whether Christian or not. Although few modern scholars have seriously reckoned with this possibility, much is to be said for the thesis. It makes sense for example of important features of the epistle that otherwise would remain unclear, such as its dearth of explicit Christology, its seeming lack of distinctive Christian sentiments, and its thoroughly Jewish orientation. The author was a Jewish Christian still hoping for a Christian place within the Jewish synagogue; he wished for irenic relations with those who did not confess Jesus to be the Messiah. He was thus intentionally quiescent about much for apologetical purposes, a strategy with clear parallels in other ancient Christian literature.Die Joodse agtergrond van die Jakobusbrief. Die Jakobusbrief is deur baie van die ouer kommentaarskrywers gesien as ’n selfverklarende geskrif aan die Jode van die diaspora – hetsy Christene of nie-Christene. Hoewel van die moderne navorsers heelhartig daarmee saamstem, bestaan daar heelwat twyfel oor hierdie siening. Dit maak egter sin ten opsigte van sekere belangrike beskrywings van die brief wat andersins onverklaarbaar sou wees soos die gebrek aan uitdruklike Christologie, die skynbare gebrek aan kenmerkende Christelike sentimente en die grondige Joodse oriëntering daarvan. Die skrywer was ’n Joodse Christen wat steeds gehoop het vir erkenning binne die Joodse sinagoge en versoenende verhoudings met diegene wat nie vir Jesus as die Messias erken het nie, verlang het. Dus was hy met voorbedagde rade baie stil oor baie dinge om apologetiese redes – ’n strategie wat duidelike parallelle met ander antieke Christelike literatuur toon.
Together towards life and mission: A basis for good governance in church and society today
Authors: Niemandt Cornelius J.P.
Published: May 2015

In this research, important policy decisions by the 2013 General Synod of the Dutch ReformedChurch on the missional nature of the church were investigated in dialogue with the newmission affirmation of the World Council of Churches Together towards life: Mission andevangelism in changing landscapes (2013). The research concluded that the new policy documentof the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa (DRC) shows convergence with TTL and thatthe DRC finds itself within the current ecumenical discourse on church and mission. The DRCdoes have a comprehensive missional ecclesiology, understanding the church as missionalby its very nature. Church polity is informed by a missional understanding of being church.The DRC shows good governance in the sense that it has embarked on a process to revisethe church order in the light of the policy decisions and in the sense of the foundation laidby revising a number of important articles of the church order. The research also found thata missional approach affirms life in its fullness and allows and participates in the flourishingof creation. The deduction was that good governance in society entails a society where justiceis practised, sustainable lifestyles propagated and respect for the earth practised. The DRC,with its missional understanding of being church, can benefit in its discernment processesand prophetic witness by using an appropriate hermeneutical key in its participation in goodgovernance � to discern where life in its fullness is affirmed. The research found that the DRCfinds itself, together with a broader ecumenical community, on a journey towards life. It doeshave an appropriate basis for good governance in church and society.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The research calls for a change inthe traditional discourse on the role of denominations and brings together insights fromecumenical studies and missional ecclesiology that might assist the reformulation of churchpolity.
Novel Therapeutic Targets in Heart Failure: The Phospholipase Cβ1b–Shank3 Interface
Authors: Woodcock Elizabeth A. , Grubb David R.
Published: May 2015

Inotropic agents are often used to improve the contractile performance of the failing myocardium, but this is often at a cost of increased myocardial ischemia and arrhythmia. Myocyte contractility depends on the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and this Ca2+ is subject to regulation by the phosphorylation status of phospholamban (PLN). Many currently used inotropic agents function by increasing the phosphorylation of PLN, but these also heighten the risk of ischemia. Another approach is to reduce the dephosphorylation of PLN, which can be achieved by inhibiting pathways upstream or downstream of the protein kinase Cα. Phospholipase Cβ1b is responsible for activating protein kinase Cα, and its activity is substantially heightened in failing myocardium. We propose phospholipase Cβ1b, a cardiac-specific enzyme, as a promising target for the development of a new class of inotropic agents. By reversing changes that accompany the transition to heart failure, it may be possible to provide well-tolerated improvement in pump performance.
Об уклонении от встречи в одном классе распределенных управляемых систем
Authors: Satimov Numan Yunysovich , Tukhtasinov Muminjon
Published: May 2015

Рассматривается дифференциальная игра уклонения от встречи
в системе, описываемой управляемым уравнением
в частных производных, содержащим производную второго порядка
по времени и эллиптический оператор.
При этом управляющие параметры игроков аддитивно входят
в правую часть уравнения. С помощью обобщенных собственных чисел
и обобщенных собственных функций данного эллиптического оператора
вводятся новые пространства,
зависящие от неотрицательного параметра.
Вводимые в дальнейшем игры изучаются
во всей шкале этих пространств. Получены достаточные условия
для возможности уклонения от встречи в играх,
получающихся при различных ограничениях на управляющие параметры.
Библиография: 14 названий.
Новый метод построения полуинвариантов и интегралов полной симметричной $\mathfrak{sl}_n$ решетки Тоды
Authors: Sorin Aleksandr Savel'evich , Chernyakov Yury Borisovich
Published: May 2015

Рассматривается полная симметричная форма представления матрицы оператора Лакса цепочки Тоды, которая известна как полная симметричная цепочка Тоды. Фазовое пространство этой системы - орбиты общего положения коприсоединенного действия борелевской подгруппы $B^+_n$ группы $SL_n(\mathbb R)$. Эта система является интегрируемой. Предложен новый метод построения полуинвариантов и интегралов полной симметричной цепочки Тоды. При помощи только уравнений движения системы для собственных векторов матрицы Лакса доказано существование полуинвариантов, которые являются плюккеровыми координатами в соответствующих проективных пространствах. Эти полуинварианты использованы для построения интегралов. Наш новый подход приводит к простым точным формулам для полного набора независимых полуинвариантов и интегралов, выражающихся в матричных элементах матрицы Лакса, а также в матричных элементах матриц собственных векторов и собственных значений полной симметричной цепочки Тоды без использования процедуры чоппинга и процедуры Костанта. Описана структура дополнительных интегралов движения как функций на пространстве флагов по модулю действия потоков Тоды и показано, как плюккеровы координаты различных проективных пространств определяют различные семейства дополнительных интегралов.
A Case of Acute Fronto-Ethmoido-Orbital Mucocele
Authors: Sasindran Vivek , Joseph Antony , Moosankutty Sabah , Gautam Amol
Published: May 2015

Mucoceles are thought to arise as a consequence of obstruction and inflammation. Frontoethmoidal mucocele can present with multiple symptoms that also include ophthalmic symptoms. Though benign, they have the tendency to expand by thinning the bony walls, displace and invade the surrounding structures by pressure and bony erosions. When it involves the orbit and expands, it may mimic benign growths primarily arising from orbit. We report an acute presentation of fronto-ethmoido-orbital mucocele as a result of hemorrhage into the mucocele.

How to cite this article

Sasindran V, Joseph A, Moosankutty S, Gautam A. A Case of Acute Fronto-Ethmoido-Orbital Mucocele. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2014;7(3):121-124.
Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders among Indian Dentists: A Pilot Survey with Assessment by Rapid Entire Body Assessment
Authors: Bhagwat Sumita , Hegde Sameeksha , Mandke Lalitagauri
Published: May 2015

Introduction

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are increasingly becoming a nuisance for dental professionals. Nearly, 2 million workers across the world suffer from MSDs each year, with dentists facing an increased risk of developing these ailments.

This study is an attempt to assess the risk of MSDs among dental professionals, and eventually to spread awareness regarding the importance of good posture and proper ergonomics.

Objectives

To determine the presence of MSDs among Indian dentists.

Materials and methods

A research survey was conducted among dental professionals practicing in and around Maharashtra state, India. The questionnaire for the study included a series of questions, when coupled with the rapid entire body assessment (REBA) scale, allows one to assess his/her posture during work and eventually determines the need to improve the same. Two hundred dentists completed the questionnaire given.

Result

The study revealed a high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among dental professionals.

Conclusion

A relation was observed between the severity of the pain experienced by the dentists and their REBA score indicating that dentists with a higher REBA score need to adapt their working postures and employ proper ergonomics.

How to cite this article

Bhagwat S, Hegde S, Mandke L. Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders among Indian Dentists: A Pilot Survey with Assessment by Rapid Entire Body Assessment. World J Dent 2015;6(1):39-44.
Lip Reconstruction using Karapandzic Flap
Authors: Singh Ranjit , Patel KN Abhinandan , Dandgi Satyajit
Published: May 2015

The peroral region which consists of the upper and lower lip plays a vital role functionally, esthetically as well as anatomically. The post-surgical defects of peroral structures, especially the mid line defects of the lower lip, present a considerable challenge for reconstruction. Currently, reconstruction of peroral structures are done by using local, distant and free flaps. In our case, we have reconstructed a large midline defect of more than two thirds of the lower lip by using a karapandzic flap.

How to cite this article

Patel KNA, Dandgi S, Singh R. Lip Reconstruction using Karapandzic Flap. World J Dent 2015; 6(1):55-57.
The Inner Structure of Pyramid and Capital Structure: Evidence from China
Authors: Su Kun
Published: May 2015

This paper examines the effects of the pyramid inner ownership structure of companies on capital structure in an emerging market economy country. The author uses firm-level panel data of Chinese listed companies to analyze the effects of the inner structure of pyramid on capital structure, and the differences in those effects between regions with different institutional environments. The results indicate that the longer the layers of a pyramid structure, the stronger its ‘leverage effect’, as well as the ultimate owner’s motivation to expand debt financing. Thus the layers of pyramid structure have a significantly positive effect on capital structure. However, the chains within a pyramid structure have no significant effect on capital structure. Compared with regions with poor institutional environment, in regions with a better institutional environment the effect of the layers of pyramid structure on capital structure becomes smaller.
Trends in concentrations of atmospheric gaseous and particulate species in rural eastern Tennessee as related to primary emissions reductions
Authors: Tanner R. L. , Bairai S. T. , Mueller S. F.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Air quality measurements at Look Rock, Tennessee – on the western edge of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park – were begun in 1980 and expanded during the 1980s to a National Park Service (NPS) IMPROVE network station. Measurements were expanded again by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA, 1999–2007) to examine the effects of electric generating unit (EGU) emission reductions of SO2 and NOx on air quality at the station. Analysis of temporal trends (1999–2013) has been conducted at the site in collaboration with activities related to the 2013 Southeast Atmosphere Study (SAS) at Look Rock and other southeastern US locations. Key findings from these trend studies include the observation that primary pollutant levels have consistently tracked emissions reductions from EGUs and other primary sources in the region but reductions in secondary pollutants such as particulate sulfate and, specifically, ozone have been smaller compared to reductions in primary emissions. Organic carbonaceous material (OM) remains a major contributor (30–40% in the period 2009–2013) to fine particulate mass at the site, as confirmed by ACSM measurements at the site in 2013. A large portion (65–85%) of carbon in OM derives from modern carbon sources based on 14C measurements. Important parameters affecting ozone levels, fine mass and visibility also include the specific diurnal meteorology at this ridge-top site, its location in a predominantly mixed-deciduous forest, and the presence of primary sources of precursors at distances of 50–500 km from the site in all directions.
A model sensitivity study of the impact of clouds on satellite detection and retrieval of volcanic ash
Authors: Kylling A. , Kristiansen N. , Stohl A. , Buras-Schnell R. , Emde C. , Gasteiger J.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Volcanic ash is commonly observed by infrared detectors on board Earth-orbiting satellites. In the presence of ice and/or liquid-water clouds, the detected volcanic ash signature may be altered. In this paper the sensitivity of detection and retrieval of volcanic ash to the presence of ice and liquid-water clouds was quantified by simulating synthetic equivalents to satellite infrared images with a 3-D radiative transfer model. The sensitivity study was made for the two recent eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull (2010) and Grímsvötn (2011) using realistic water and ice clouds and volcanic ash clouds. The water and ice clouds were taken from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) analysis data and the volcanic ash cloud fields from simulations by the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART. The radiative transfer simulations were made both with and without ice and liquid-water clouds for the geometry and channels of the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI). The synthetic SEVIRI images were used as input to standard reverse absorption ash detection and retrieval methods. Ice and liquid-water clouds were on average found to reduce the number of detected ash-affected pixels by 6–12%. However, the effect was highly variable and for individual scenes up to 40% of pixels with mass loading >0.2 g m−2 could not be detected due to the presence of water and ice clouds. For coincident pixels, i.e. pixels where ash was both present in the FLEXPART (hereafter referred to as "Flexpart") simulation and detected by the algorithm, the presence of clouds overall increased the retrieved mean mass loading for the Eyjafjallajökull (2010) eruption by about 13%, while for the Grímsvötn (2011) eruption ash-mass loadings the effect was a 4% decrease of the retrieved ash-mass loading. However, larger differences were seen between scenes (standard deviations of ±30 and ±20% for Eyjafjallajökull and Grímsvötn, respectively) and even larger ones within scenes. The impact of ice and liquid-water clouds on the detection and retrieval of volcanic ash, implies that to fully appreciate the location and amount of ash, hyperspectral and spectral band measurements by satellite instruments should be combined with ash dispersion modelling.
The "dual-spot" Aethalometer: an improved measurement of aerosol black carbon with real-time loading compensation
Authors: Drinovec L. , Močnik G. , Zotter P. , Prévôt A. S. H. , Ruckstuhl C. , Coz E. , Rupakheti M. , Sciare J. , Müller T. , Wiedensohler A. , Hansen A. D. A.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Aerosol black carbon is a unique primary tracer for combustion emissions. It affects the optical properties of the atmosphere and is recognized as the second most important anthropogenic forcing agent for climate change. It is the primary tracer for adverse health effects caused by air pollution. For the accurate determination of mass equivalent black carbon concentrations in the air and for source apportionment of the concentrations, optical measurements by filter-based absorption photometers must take into account the "filter loading effect". We present a new real-time loading effect compensation algorithm based on a two parallel spot measurement of optical absorption. This algorithm has been incorporated into the new Aethalometer model AE33. Intercomparison studies show excellent reproducibility of the AE33 measurements and very good agreement with post-processed data obtained using earlier Aethalometer models and other filter-based absorption photometers. The real-time loading effect compensation algorithm provides the high-quality data necessary for real-time source apportionment and for determination of the temporal variation of the compensation parameter k.
Tomographic retrieval of water vapour and temperature around polar mesospheric clouds using Odin-SMR
Authors: Christensen O. M. , Eriksson P. , Urban J. , Murtagh D. , Hultgren K. , Gumbel J.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. A special observation mode of the Odin satellite provides the first simultaneous measurements of water vapour, temperature and polar mesospheric cloud (PMC) brightness over a large geographical area while still resolving both horizontal and vertical structures in the clouds and background atmosphere. The observation mode was activated during June, July and August of 2010 and 2011, and for latitudes between 50 and 82° N. This paper focuses on the water vapour and temperature measurements carried out with Odin's sub-millimetre radiometer (SMR). The tomographic retrieval approach used provides water vapour and temperature between 75 and 90 km with a vertical resolution of about 2.5 km and a horizontal resolution of about 200 km. The precision of the measurements is estimated to 0.2 ppmv for water vapour and 2 K for temperature. Due to limited information about the pressure at the measured altitudes, the results have large uncertainties (> 3 ppmv) in the retrieved water vapour. These errors, however, influence mainly the mean atmosphere retrieved for each orbit, and variations around this mean are still reliably captured by the measurements. SMR measurements are performed using two different mixer chains, denoted as frequency mode 19 and 13. Systematic differences between the two frontends have been noted. A first comparison with the Solar Occultation For Ice Experiment instrument (SOFIE) on-board the Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM) satellite and the Fourier Transform Spectrometer of the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE-FTS) on-board SCISAT indicates that the measurements using the frequency mode 19 have a significant low bias in both temperature (> 15 K) and water vapour (> 0.5 ppmv), while the measurements using frequency mode 13 agree with the other instruments considering estimated errors. PMC brightness data is provided by OSIRIS, Odin's other sensor. Combined SMR and OSIRIS data for some example orbits is considered. For these orbits, effects of PMCs on the water vapour distribution are clearly seen. Areas depleted of water vapour are found above layers with PMC, while regions of enhanced water vapour due to ice particle sedimentation are primarily placed between and under the clouds.
Direct observations of blob deformation during a substorm
Authors: Ishida T. , Ogawa Y. , Kadokura A. , Hosokawa K. , Otsuka Y.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Ionospheric blobs are localized plasma density enhancements, which are mainly produced by the transportation process of plasma. To understand the deformation process of a blob, observations of plasma parameters with good spatial–temporal resolution are desirable. Thus, we conducted the European Incoherent Scatter radar observations with high-speed meridional scans (60–80 s) during October and December 2013, and observed the temporal evolution of a blob during a substorm on 4 December 2013. This paper is the first report of direct observations of blob deformation during a substorm. The blob deformation arose from an enhanced plasma flow shear during the substorm expansion phase, and then the blob split into two smaller-scale blobs, whose scale sizes were more than ~100 km in latitude. Our analysis indicates that the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability and dissociative recombination could have deformed the blob structure.
Energy balance closure on a winter wheat stand: comparing the eddy covariance technique with the soil water balance method
Authors: Imukova K. , Ingwersen J. , Hevart M. , Streck T.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. The energy balance of eddy covariance (EC) flux data is typically not closed. The nature of the gap is usually not known, which hampers using EC data to parameterize and test models. The present study elucidates the nature of the energy gap of EC flux data from winter wheat stands in southwest Germany. During the vegetation periods 2012 and 2013, we continuously measured, in a half-hourly resolution, latent (LE) and sensible (H) heat fluxes using the EC technique. Measured fluxes were adjusted with either the Bowen-ratio (BR), H or LE post-closure method. The adjusted LE fluxes were tested against evapotranspiration data (ETWB) calculated using the soil water balance (WB) method. At sixteen locations within the footprint of an EC station, the soil water storage term was determined by measuring the soil water content down to a soil depth of 1.5 m. In the second year, the volumetric soil water content was also continuously measured in 15 min resolution in 10 cm intervals down to 90 cm depth with sixteen capacitance soil moisture sensors. During the 2012 vegetation period, the H post-closed LE flux data (ETEC = 3.4 ± 0.6 mm day−1) corresponded closest with the result of the WB method (3.3 ± 0.3 mm day−1). ETEC adjusted by the BR (4.1 ± 0.6 mm day−1) or LE (4.9 ± 0.9 mm day−1) post-closure method were higher than the ETWB by 20 and 33%, respectively. In 2013, ETWB was in best agreement with ETEC adjusted with the H post-closure method during the periods with low amount of rain and seepage. During these periods the BR and LE post-closure methods overestimated ET by about 30 and 40%, respectively. During a period with high and frequent rainfalls, ETWB was in-between ETEC adjusted by H and BR post-closure methods. We conclude that, at most vegetation periods on our site, LE is not a~major component of the energy balance gap. Our results indicate that the energy balance gap other energy fluxes and unconsidered or biased energy storage terms.
Influence of tree size, taxonomy, and edaphic conditions on heart rot in mixed-dipterocarp Bornean rainforests: implications for aboveground biomass estimates
Authors: Heineman K. D. , Russo S. E. , Baillie I. C. , Mamit J. D. , Chai P. P.-K. , Chai L. , Hindley E. W. , Lau B.-T. , Tan S. , Ashton P. S.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Fungal decay of heartwood creates hollows and areas of reduced wood density within the stems of living trees known as heart rot. Although heart rot is acknowledged as a source of error in forest aboveground biomass estimates, there are few datasets available to evaluate the environmental controls over heart rot infection and severity in tropical forests. Using legacy and recent data from drilled, felled, and cored stems in mixed dipterocarp forests in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, we quantified the frequency and severity of heart rot, and used generalized linear mixed effect models to characterize the association of heart rot with tree size, wood density, taxonomy, and edaphic conditions. Heart rot was detected in 55% of felled stems > 30 cm DBH, while the detection frequency was lower for stems of the same size evaluated by non-destructive drilling (45%) and coring (23%) methods. Heart rot severity, defined as the percent stem volume lost in infected stems, ranged widely from 0.1–82.8%. Tree taxonomy explained the greatest proportion of variance in heart rot frequency and severity among the fixed and random effects evaluated in our models. Heart rot frequency, but not severity, increased sharply with tree diameter, ranging from 56% infection across all datasets in stems > 50 cm DBH to 11% in trees 10–30 cm DBH. The frequency and severity of heart rot increased significantly in soils with low pH and cation concentrations in topsoil, and heart rot was more common in tree species associated with dystrophic sandy soils than with nutrient-rich clays. When scaled to forest stands, the percent of stem biomass lost to heart rot varied significantly with soil properties, and we estimate that 7% of the forest biomass is in some stage of heart rot decay. This study demonstrates not only that heart rot is a significant source of error in forest carbon estimates, but also that it strongly covaries with soil resources, underscoring the need to account for edaphic variation in estimating carbon storage in tropical forests.
Effect of elevated CO2 on organic matter pools and fluxes in a summer, post spring-bloom Baltic Sea plankton community
Authors: Paul A. J. , Bach L. T. , Schulz K.-G. , Boxhammer T. , Czerny J. , Achterberg E. P. , Hellemann D. , Trense Y. , Nausch M. , Sswat M. , Riebesell U.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Ocean acidification is expected to influence plankton community structure and biogeochemical element cycles. To date, experiments with nutrient stimulated blooms have been primarily used to study the response of plankton communities to elevated CO2. In this CO2 manipulation study, we used large-volume (~55 m3) pelagic in situ mesocosms to enclose a natural, post spring-bloom plankton assemblage in the Baltic Sea to investigate the response of organic matter pools to ocean acidification. In the mesocosms, fCO2 was manipulated yielding a range of average fCO2 of 365 to ~1231 μatm with no adjustment of naturally available nutrient concentrations. Plankton community development and key biogeochemical element pools were subsequently followed in this nitrogen-limited ecosystem over a period of seven weeks. We identified three distinct phases based on temperature fluctuations and plankton biomass: a warm, productive period with elevated chlorophyll a and particulate matter concentrations (Phase I), a decline in autotrophic biomass coinciding with cooler water temperatures associated with lower incoming photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and higher zooplankton grazing pressure (Phase II), and a steady state phase with low net change in particulate and dissolved matter pools (Phase III). We observed higher sustained chlorophyll a and particulate matter concentrations (~25% higher) and lower inorganic phosphate concentrations in the water column in the highest fCO2 treatment (1231 μatm) in Phase III. Size-fractionated phytoplankton pigment analyses indicated that these differences were driven by picophytoplankton (< 2 μm) and were already established early in the experiment during Phase I. However the influence of picophytoplankton on bulk organic matter pools was masked by high biomass of larger plankton until Phase III when the small size fraction (< 2 μm) contributed up to 90% of chlorophyll a. Furthermore, CO2-related differences in water column suspended matter concentrations were not reflected in sinking material flux. Our results from this study indicate that ocean acidification could have significant and sustained impacts on pelagic biogeochemical element pools in nitrogen-limited ecosystems.