bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive nonlinear seismic performance assessment of MR damper controlled systems using virtual real‐time hybrid simulation
Authors: Ghaffary Azin , Karami Mohammadi Reza
Published: March 2019

Magnetorheological (MR) dampers have gained significant attention in seismic mitigation of structural systems due to their distinguished characteristics such as inherent stability and minimum power requirements. Their performance in control of nonlinear structural response, however, has not been widely investigated. This paper provides comprehensive nonlinear seismic performance assessment of a three‐story benchmark structure equipped with a large‐scale MR damper using virtual real‐time hybrid simulation to efficiently capture the nonlinear behavior of the damper. The framework is first verified by means of available experimental results of an actual RTHS on the same structural system. A set of 12 earthquake ground motions, each one scaled to have 12 different intensities are then utilized to perform nonlinear dynamic analyses. An energy‐based adaptive passive‐on control strategy is proposed, and its performance is compared with passive‐on, passive‐off, and uncontrolled response of the structure in terms of interstory drifts shown by fragility curves, residual drifts, MR damper control force, and the ability to maintain a uniform interstory drift along the height of the structure.
Small‐signal stability‐constrained optimal power flow analysis of multiterminal VSC‐HVDC systems with large‐scale wind farms
Authors: Kim Sangwon , Yokoyama Akihiko , Takaguchi Yusuke , Takano Tomihiro , Mori Kazuyuki , Izui Yoshio
Published: March 2019

As a solution for the large‐scale wind power transmission in a power system model in East Japan, multiterminal VSC‐HVDC systems are proposed to be installed in the system model. To evaluate the effectiveness of the systems, small‐signal stability‐constrained optimal power flow (SSSC‐OPF) analysis in mixed AC/multiterminal VSC‐HVDC systems is developed. It is revealed by SSSC‐OPF analysis that the system reinforced only by an AC system is exposed to unstable operations. In contrast, mixed AC/multiterminal VSC‐HVDC systems do not suffer from such unstable system operations. On top of that, the differences in multiterminal VSC‐HVDC systems with different configurations are also discussed. Different annual fuel costs and wind power hosting capacity results are obtained due to AC transmission line capacities and interarea oscillation modes. The best multiterminal VSC‐HVDC system among all simulated multiterminal VSC‐HVDC systems is also concluded. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Traditional Japanese kampo medicine – History of ideas and practice; Part 1: From ancient shamanic practice to the medical academies of Edo
Authors: Kuchta Kenny
Published: March 2019

Background

‘Kampo’ is an academic medical tradition that originated from the import of Chinese medical literature and the immigration of trained physicians from China and Korea to Japan between the sixth and 10th centuries AD. Understanding these roots and the subsequent historical development can contribute greatly to a better understanding of kampo today.

Historical development

Although initially developed from continental roots, the Japanese traditions underwent an independent development as kampo practitioners developed their own repertoire of pharmaceutical raw materials by integrating plant drugs from native folk medicine. Innovative independent developments by Japanese physicians over the course of the centuries resulted in an ever increasing emancipation of kampo from China. A second wave of Chinese influence in the 13th century resulted in the development of Gosei School Kampo, which has the closest ties to the continent. During the 16th century, the development of eclectic Secchu School Kampo was additionally influenced by European phytotherapy via Portuguese and Dutch contacts. These Europeans provided a reference point (tertium comparationis) that gave Japan a new perspective on Chinese medical practices for the first time. China – although greatly admired – was no longer perceived as the singular ideal civilization but as one civilization among several others. Thus the development of independent Japanese practices in culture and medicine became conceivable for the first time.

Conclusion

The historical developments that have led from these early roots to present day kampo practice are essential for developing a concise understanding of kampo ideas and practice.
Adsorption of different forms of phosphorus on modified corn bracts
Authors: Jiang Yongwei , Chen Yue , Du Qiong , Shi Jing
Published: March 2019

Excessive phosphorus discharged into the environment could result in the eutrophication, leading to water pollution. Hence, the efficient method for phosphorus removal is urgently in need. In this paper, an agricultural by‐product, corn bract, modified by Zr was proposed to remove different forms of phosphorus. A comparison study about the adsorption performance of organic phosphorus (OP) and inorganic phosphorus (IP) was investigated. The results indicated that both the OP and IP reached the maximum adsorption amounts when the initial pH was 2. Compared with IP adsorption, the adsorbent showed higher adsorption rate but lower adsorption capacity for OP. The complexation and the electrostatic attraction were possibly the main adsorption mechanisms.

Practitioner points

The agricultural waste, corn bract, was proposed to remove phosphorus.

The adsorption performances of OP and IP were compared.

The adsorbent showed higher adsorption rate but lower adsorption capacity for OP.
Transient responses in a two‐temperature thermoelastic infinite medium having cylindrical cavity due to moving heat source with memory‐dependent derivative
Authors: Sarkar Nantu , Mondal Sudip
Published: March 2019

This work deals with the study of transient responses in a two‐temperature generalized thermoelastic infinite medium having a cylindrical cavity due to a time‐dependent moving heat source where the conventional Fourier's law of heat conduction is modified by introducing a new Taylor's series expansion using memory‐dependent derivative (MDD). The resulting non‐dimensional equations are applied to a specific problem. A direct approach is introduced to obtain the analytical expressions of the physical quantities in the Laplace transform domain. The inversion of the Laplace transforms are carried out using the methods based on the Fourier series expansion technique. Numerical results for the dynamical and conductive temperatures, stress, strain, and displacement are presented graphically. The effects of time‐delay and kernel function have been studied on the thermo‐physical quantities.
Supercharging superstrata
Authors: Čeplak Nejc , Russo Rodolfo , Shigemori Masaki
Published: March 2019

Abstract

We construct a new class of smooth horizonless microstate geometries of the supersymmetric D1-D5-P black hole in type IIB supergravity. We first work in the AdS3 × S
3 decoupling limit and use the fermionic symmetries of the theory to generate new momentum carrying perturbations in the bulk that have an explicit CFT dual description. We then use the supergravity equations to calculate the backreaction of these perturbations and find the full non-linear solutions both in the asymptotically AdS and asymptotically flat case. These new geometries have a simpler structure than the previously known superstrata solutions.
The Bremsstrahlung function of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 SCQCD
Authors: Gomez Carolina , Mauri Andrea , Penati Silvia
Published: March 2019

Abstract

For SU(N) superconformal QCD we perform a three-loop calculation of the cusp anomalous dimension for a generalized Maldacena-Wilson operator, using HQET formalism. We obtain an expression that is valid at generic geometric and internal angles and finite gauge group rankN. For equal and opposite angles this expression vanishes, proving that at these points the cusp becomes BPS. From its small angle expansion we derive the corresponding Bremsstrahlung function at three loops, matching the matrix model prediction given in terms of derivatives of the Wilson loop on the ellipsoid. Finally, we discuss possible scenarios at higher loops, with respect to the existence of a universal effective coupling in an integrable subsector of the model.
Joint two-dimensional resummation in qT and 0-jettiness at NNLL
Authors: Lustermans Gillian , Michel Johannes K. L. , Tackmann Frank J. , Waalewijn Wouter J.
Published: March 2019

Abstract

We consider Drell-Yan production pp → Z/γ
∗ → ℓ
+
ℓ
− with the simultaneous measurement of the Z-boson transverse momentum q

T
and 0-jettiness

$$ {\mathcal{T}}_0 $$

T
0

. Since both observables resolve the initial-state QCD radiation, the double-differential cross section in q

T
and

$$ {\mathcal{T}}_0 $$

T
0

contains Sudakov double logarithms of both q

T

/Q and

$$ {\mathcal{T}}_0/Q $$

T
0

/
Q

, where Q ∼ m

Z
is the dilepton invariant mass. We simultaneously resum the logarithms in q

T
and

$$ {\mathcal{T}}_0 $$

T
0

to next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic order (NNLL) matched to next-to-leading fixed order (NLO). Our results provide the first genuinely two-dimensional analytic Sudakov resummation for initial-state radiation. Integrating the resummed double-differential spectrum with an appropriate scale choice over either

$$ {\mathcal{T}}_0 $$

T
0

or q

T
recovers the corresponding single-differential resummation for the remaining variable. We discuss in detail the required effective field theory setups and their combination using two-dimensional resummation profile scales. We also introduce a new method to perform the q

T
resummation where the underlying resummation is carried out in impact-parameter space, but is consistently turned off depending on the momentum-space target value for q

T
. Our methods apply at any order and for any color-singlet production process, such that our results can be systematically extended when the relevant perturbative ingredients become available.
A tale of exceptional 3d dualities
Authors: Benvenuti Sergio
Published: March 2019

Abstract

We consider interesting Seiberg dualities for Usp gauge theories with an antisymmetric, 8 fundamentals and no superpotential. We reduce to three dimensions and systematically analyze deformations triggered by real and complex masses, reaching a plethora of

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 dualities for U(N) and Usp(2N) gauge theories, possibly with monopole superpotentials and Chern-Simons interactions. Special cases of these “exceptional dualities” are: supersymmetry enhancement dualities, “duality appetizers” and many known dualities relating rank-1 gauge groups. The 4d

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 1 Usp dualities provide a unified perspective on many curious phenomena of 3d and 4d gauge theories with four supercharges.

Finally, we propose a free mirror for A
2N
Argyres-Douglas, with its related adjoint-Usp(2N) duality, and we construct a mirror for adjoint-U(N), with an arbitrary number flavors and zero superpotential.
Primary Tumor Resection in Patients with Incurable Localized or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Simillis Constantinos , Kalakouti Eliana , Afxentiou Thalia , Kontovounisios Christos , Smith Jason J. , Cunningham David , Adamina Michel , Tekkis Paris P.
Published: March 2019

Background

To assess the impact of primary tumor resection (PTR) on survival and morbidity in incurable colorectal cancer.

Methods

Systematic literature review and meta‐analysis to compare PTR versus primary tumor intact (PTI).

Results

Seventy‐seven studies were included, reporting on 159,991 participants (94,745 PTR; 65,246 PTI). PTR improved overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] 0.59, P < 0.0001; mean difference [MD] 7.27 months, P < 0.0001), cancer‐specific survival (HR 0.47, MD 10.80), and progression‐free survival (HR 0.76, MD 1.67). Overall survival remained significantly improved during subgroup analysis of asymptomatic patients (HR 0.69, MD 3.86), elderly patients (HR 0.46, MD 7.71), patients diagnosed after 2000 (HR 0.62, MD 7.29), patients with colon (HR 0.58, MD 6.31) or rectal (HR 0.54, MD 6.88) primary tumor, patients undergoing resection of primary tumor versus non‐resectional surgery (NRS) to treat primary tumor complications (HR 0.56, MD 8.72), and of studies with propensity score analysis (HR 0.65, MD 5.68). Overall survival per treatment strategy was: [PTI/chemotherapy] 14.30 months, [PTI/bevacizumab] 17.27 months, [PTR/chemotherapy] 21.52 months, [PTR/bevacizumab] 27.52 months. PTR resulted in 4.5% perioperative mortality and 22.4% morbidity (major adverse events 10.2%, minor 18.5%, reoperation 2.5%, intraabdominal collection/sepsis 2.2%). PTI had 21.7% morbidity (obstruction 14.4%, anemia 11.0%, hemorrhage 1.5%, perforation 0.6%, adverse events requiring surgery 15.8%). NRS resulted in 10.6% perioperative mortality and 21.7% morbidity (major 7.9%, minor 21.7%, reoperation 0.1%).

Conclusions

PTR in patients with incurable colorectal cancer results in a limited improvement of survival without a significant increase in morbidity. PTR should be considered by the multidisciplinary team on an individual patient basis.
Evolution of Microstructure During Double-Sided Friction Stir Welding of Microalloyed Steel
Authors: Baker T. N. , Rahimi S. , Wei B. , He K. , McPherson N. A.
Published: March 2019

Microstructures observed by analytical scanning and transmission electron microscopy in the overlap region of a double-sided friction-stir-welded microalloyed steel (EH46) were recorded in detail. They are compared with microstructures in the thermomechanically affected region of the weld and with the base material. The differences suggest that the overlap region has been stirred in the single-phase ferrite, and consists mainly of small equiaxed ferrite grains with strain-induced precipitates, while the thermomechanically affected zone was processed in the austenite-ferrite-phase field, resulting in a mixture of bainite lath packets and ferrite grains. The almost complete absence of pearlite or cementite in the overlap region has led to the suggestion that it dissolved during friction stir welding, providing carbon for strain-induced precipitation. Also, in the complex microstructures of the overlap region, ferrite grains containing a high density of cell-like structures were observed, some of them having precipitates nucleated on their intersections. This implies that strain-induced continuous dynamic recrystallization has occurred.
Causal Impact of Having a College Degree on Women’s Fertility: Evidence From Regression Kink Designs
Authors: Sohn Hosung , Lee Suk-Won
Published: March 2019

An important factor speculated to affect fertility level is education. Theoretical predictions regarding whether education increases or decreases fertility are ambiguous. This study analyzes the causal impact of higher education on fertility using census data administered by Statistics Korea. To account for the endogeneity of education, this study exploits the Korean higher education reform initiated in 1993 that boosted women’s likelihood of graduating from college. Based on regression kink designs, we find that having a college degree reduces the likelihood of childbirths by 23 percentage points and the total number of childbirths by 1.3. Analyses of possible mechanisms show that labor market–related factors are a significant channel driving the negative effects; female college graduates are more likely to be wage earners and more likely to have high-wage occupations.
Micro-segmentation: securing complex cloud environments
Authors: Klein Dave
Published: March 2019

The datacentre as we know it has undergone a radical transformation in recent years – to the point where the term ‘centre’ is probably a misnomer. Enterprises of all sizes and across all sectors are rapidly migrating their datacentre operations to DevOps-based, hybrid-cloud environments, typically involving some combination of private cloud, public cloud and on-premise facilities.

The datacentre as we know it has undergone a radical transformation. Mission-critical data, applications and workloads are constantly moving among the various installations as traffic levels and processing demands dictate.

This agility is what makes these dynamic infrastructures attractive to organisations looking for efficiencies and competitive advantage. It is also what makes them scary from a security perspective. Micro-segmentation is an effective way to secure valuable datacentre assets and implement a zero trust model in a hybrid or multi-cloud environment, says Dave Klein of GuardiCore.
How to secure your supply chain
Authors: Duncan Rory
Published: March 2019

Security investments are finally starting to bear fruit. Research shows outsourced incident response engagements against financial institutions – the most targeted sector for cyber attacks in 2016 – have dropped off significantly. Companies are seemingly waking up to the realisation that their core business processes need serious bolstering to keep the bad guys out.
Editorial
Authors: Mansfield-Devine Steve
Published: March 2019

At a time when governments and tech companies are butting heads over encryption, Australia has shown itself to be especially aggressive in its demands for access to users' communications – and also particularly clueless in the technical issues this raises.
Rating the risk: how to assess the dangers of working with other organisations
Authors: Mansfield-Devine Steve
Published: March 2019

The security of your organisation doesn't just depend on eliminating the vulnerabilities from your networks and your devices. In this highly interconnected world, your weakest point might be the other organisations with which you work, such as suppliers and partners. But how do you assess the risk of another organisation? As Jasson Casey, CTO at SecurityScorecard, explains in this interview, firms have difficulty judging their own risk. When it comes to analysing others, they definitely need help.
Remarks by Siobhán McInerney-Lankford
Authors: McInerney-Lankford Siobhán
Published: March 2019

The nexus of human rights (HR) and finance has gained increased
attention in recent years, particularly since the UN Human Rights Council's
adoption of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights in 2011.
This article argues that human rights can and should be integrated in
financing (“an integrative approach”), and proposes an approach based on
five elements: (1) defining human rights considerations in explicit terms;
(2) explaining the challenge we are confronted with in attempting to
integrate human rights into financing; (3) articulating a justification for
such integration; (4) identifying the nature and source of the applicable
norms and human rights obligation to be integrated; and (5) outlining an
applicable methodology and a practical operational approach.
Remarks of Cinnamon Carlarne
Authors: Carlarne Cinnamon
Published: March 2019

With the Paris frame laid out and then complicated by the Trump
administration announcement, let us widen the frame back out to the
international level and ask Jose to discuss the extent to which the Paris
Agreement is being implemented by non-state actors in Latin America and,
more broadly, in developing countries; in particular, are there any apparent
trends or key challenges characterizing the evolving role of non-state
actors outside of the United State and the Organisation for Economic
Co-operation and Development countries?
International Adjudication: Peaks, Valleys, and Rolling Hills
Authors: Donoghue Joan E.
Published: March 2019

This lecture is not styled as a tribute to Professor David Caron, but I
shall invoke his scholarship today, not only because this Annual Meeting is
dedicated to his memory, but also because of his many insights into dispute
settlement.
The Practice of International Law: Threats, Challenges, and
Opportunities
Authors: Greenwood Christopher
Published: March 2019

It is a great pleasure for me, as a British member of the Society, to
give the keynote address to this year's Annual Meeting. I have now been a
member of the Society for forty years and one of the attributes of the
Annual Meeting I have always enjoyed and appreciated is that the American
Society goes out of its way to welcome its overseas members and to make them
part of every aspect of the meeting. I am more than ever aware of that
welcome this year, both because you have invited me to give this address and
because, as the president has mentioned, I have just had the signal honor of
becoming one of the three U.S.-appointed members of the Iran-United States
Claims Tribunal. You will, however, understand that my pleasure at that
appointment is balanced by the profound sense of loss which—like everyone
here—I feel at the loss of David Caron. David was a brave and distinguished
public servant and a very great friend whom I very much miss. Being asked to
follow in his footsteps is both a great compliment and a very great
challenge.
The Impact of Post-Crisis Regulatory Reforms on Cross-Border Financial
Transactions
Authors: Brown-Hruska Sharon
Published: March 2019

One of the near casualties of the global financial crisis (Crisis) was
the march toward a more principles-based global regulatory structure that
simultaneously encouraged cross-border transactions and recognized sovereign
authorities over them without the necessity of a one-size-fits-all
regulatory framework. The implementation of the G20 reforms for
over-the-counter derivatives was far more prescriptive than principled.
Post-crisis implementation of the G20 reforms, embodied in the United States
in Title 7 of the Dodd Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act,
yielded a costly, and in some markets, persistent loss of liquidity and
fragmentation as market participants have attempted to sort out complex and
sometimes competing regulatory requirements for reporting, trading,
clearing, margin, and capital in practice.
Remarks by Alex Aleinikoff
Authors: Aleinikoff Alex
Published: March 2019

If we think about global migration law, refugee law is the place to
start, since this seems to be the area in which the institutions, the norms,
the system are the clearest example of a global migration law. Unlike most
other migrants, refugees have their own convention and their own agency—the
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) dating from 1950—and a set of
regional agreements on refugees, and that has produced a solid foundation of
rights, seventy years of practice, and billions of dollars a year in
assistance, as well as coordinated international action on resettlement and
return. I think it is fair to call it a legal regime on refugees.
Remarks by Sanam Anderlini
Authors: Anderlini Sanam
Published: March 2019

We were there, yes. We celebrated the adoption of the resolution. But
the challenge, therefore, from the very outset has been how to make it
effective on the ground, how to ensure that this Security Council agenda
means something to women, on the ground, in conflict situations, and in
post-conflict situations.
Professional Practice in International Climate Change Law
Authors: Mason-Case Sarah
Published: March 2019

Over the last few years, two international organizations launched global
networks to connect legal professionals specializing in law as it pertains
to climate change. The first textbook on international climate change law
was published during this time and a second is was released in 2018. Such
developments no doubt reflect the growing prominence of the subject in
public discourse and regulatory efforts. More subtly, they point to an
emergent community of lawyers working with and generating international
climate law as a matter of professional practice.
Remarks by Alka Pradhan
Authors: Pradhan Alka
Published: March 2019

All right. Thank you to everybody and to my friends here for taking the
very difficult position of the U.S. government, which I feel that we have
lost several times over, including the very first time they tortured my
client at the black sites.
Introductory Remarks By Lucinda Low
Authors: Low Lucinda
Published: March 2019

Let me welcome all of you, on behalf of the Society. I am Lucinda Low,
the president of the Society, and we are delighted to be here at the Third
Annual Detlev F. Vagts Roundtable on Transnational Law. We have a
fascinating topic that our panel today is going to explore, but first I want
to say a few words. We are so delighted that the Vagts family came to us
after Detlev's death to carry on his work and thinking in the area of
transnational law. He was a pioneer in so many ways, and did so much to
develop the contours of the area of transnational law. We are very grateful
to the family for their generous gift, which has enabled the Society to
create this annual event.
New Technologies in International Criminal Investigations
Authors: Hamilton Rebecca J.
Published: March 2019

My current research looks at ways in which people and institutions are
using technology to build the evidentiary record in international criminal
litigation. In particular, I focus on the collection of, and reliance on,
what I call user-generated evidence. This is footage that an ordinary
citizen—the user—records on their smartphone, in an effort to achieve legal
accountability.
The Interplay Between International Humanitarian Law, Terrorism and the
“Foreign Terrorist Fighter” Regime
Authors: Krähenmann Sandra
Published: March 2019

There seems to be a natural connection between armed conflict and
terrorism: both involve acts of violence by nonstate armed actors. The acts
of armed groups during armed conflicts are frequently labeled as acts of
terrorism. Similarly, both international humanitarian law (IHL) and the
international legal regime governing terrorism address acts of violence
committed by nonstate armed actors. Yet, these superficial similarities
obscure the significant conceptual differences between acts of violence in
armed conflicts and those outside armed conflicts as well as the differences
in the legal regimes governing them. Before turning to an analysis of UN
Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 2178 (2014), it is necessary to briefly
explain how IHL addresses acts of terrorism, followed by a brief description
of the international treaty regime governing terrorism, including how this
regime regulates its relationship with IHL.
Questioning the Future of Multilateralism
Authors: Thouvenin Jean-Marc
Published: March 2019

The very notion of “multilateralism” seems straightforward. It
immediately suggests an approach of international relations different from
the one to which other “ism” notions refer, like “unilateralism,”
“bilateralism,” “regionalism,” imperialism,” and “colonialism.” In this
respect, “multilateralism” sounds like some kind of good international
governance, like an alternative to the absence of a “global state.” Yet, in
any endeavor to assess what could be “the future” of multilateralism, it is
worth trying to better approach the notion, as it is understood in the
international legal world.
Multilateralism in Crisis
Authors: Brunnée Jutta
Published: March 2019

Some twenty-five years ago, John Ruggie defined “multilateralism” in
terms that remain apposite today. As an international lawyer, this
definition prompts me to reflect on the connections between the
international legal order and multilateralism. To be sure, international law
has unilateral, bilateral, and multilateral features, for example in
lawmaking or law enforcement. Similarly, it can be wielded to unilateral,
bilateral, or multilateral ends. Indeed, it is precisely because it
transcends ends and issue areas, that international law, by providing
“generalized” principles of conduct and interaction, is an important
component of multilateralism.
Intractable Conflicts: The Effectiveness of International Dispute
Resolution Mechanisms
Authors: Wolfrum Rüdiger
Published: March 2019

Our chairman has indicated that we first should consider between a
conflict and a dispute. Conflict is the broader term. Conflicts mostly
contain one or more legal disputes, resolving those would help resolve the
conflict.
Remarks by Douglas Guilfoyle
Authors: Guilfoyle Douglas
Published: March 2019

In my remarks I would like to draw attention to the role of history in
the Tribunal's reasoning concerning the regime of islands, both as regards
its approach to historical uses of maritime features and in particular its
approach to determining what it was the drafters of the UN Convention on the
Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) intended. My contention in these remarks is that the
Tribunal took an unashamedly developing-state oriented view in its
conception of the object and purpose of the regime of islands, thus
foregrounding perspectives that were present at the time of the negotiation
of UNCLOS but which are not necessarily given much attention in the
contemporary English-language literature. Before turning to this
perspective, one must closely scrutinize the Tribunal's reading of UNCLOS
Article 121.
Remarks by Oliver Lewis
Authors: Lewis Oliver
Published: March 2019

When the Tribunal issued its July 2016 Award in the Philippines-China
arbitration, the United States announced that the decision is an important
contribution to the shared goal of a peaceful resolution to disputes in the
South China Sea. The United States strongly supports the rule of law and
efforts to resolve disputes in the South China Sea peacefully, including
through arbitration. As provided in Article 296 of the UN Convention on the
Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), the decision is “final and shall be complied with”
by both parties to the dispute.
Remarks by Joanna Mossop
Authors: Mossop Joanna
Published: March 2019

The Tribunal's conclusion that Itu Aba and other features in the South
China Sea are rocks that are incapable of generating exclusive economic
zones came as a surprise to some scholars and government officials who have
never interpreted Article 121(3) of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
(UNCLOS) in the strict way adopted in this case. In the absence of any
previous judicial interpretation of the article, a range of interpretations
of Article 121(3) have been seen in the academic literature, and in state
practice. Although much of the decision is extremely well argued, I must
disagree with the Tribunal's approach to Article 121(3).
International Agreements Between Nonstate Actors as a Source of
International Law
Authors: Loja Melissa
Published: March 2019

International issues that are resolved traditionally through agreements
between states are managed currently through agreements between government
agencies and corporate entities. Government agencies and corporate entities
are nonstate actors that have no formal capacity to engage in international
lawmaking. Are their international agreements a source of international
law?
Reporting on electoral violence in Nigerian news media: “Saying it as it is”?
Authors: Demarest Leila , Langer Arnim
Published: March 2019

While Nigeria has a vibrant press media landscape, freedom of the press is only rated as “partly free” by Freedom House, mostly due to political influences on reporting. Yet the extent to which these influences affect the quality of reporting remains insufficiently investigated. We address this gap by analyzing how three newspapers with different political affiliations report on conflict in the run-up to the 2015 elections. Our analyses indicate that biases in reporting are generally limited, and that while political pressures are real, they are most evident in editorial choices.
Beyond Kolmogorov cascades
Authors: Dubrulle Bérengère
Published: March 2019

The large-scale structure of many turbulent flows encountered in practical situations such as aeronautics, industry, meteorology is nowadays successfully computed using the Kolmogorov–Kármán–Howarth energy cascade picture. This theory appears increasingly inaccurate when going down the energy cascade that terminates through intermittent spots of energy dissipation, at variance with the assumed homogeneity. This is problematic for the modelling of all processes that depend on small scales of turbulence, such as combustion instabilities or droplet atomization in industrial burners or cloud formation. This paper explores a paradigm shift where the homogeneity hypothesis is replaced by the assumption that turbulence contains singularities, as suggested by Onsager. This paradigm leads to a weak formulation of the Kolmogorov–Kármán–Howarth–Monin equation (WKHE) that allows taking into account explicitly the presence of singularities and their impact on the energy transfer and dissipation. It provides a local in scale, space and time description of energy transfers and dissipation, valid for any inhomogeneous, anisotropic flow, under any type of boundary conditions. The goal of this article is to discuss WKHE as a tool to get a new description of energy cascades and dissipation that goes beyond Kolmogorov and allows the description of small-scale intermittency. It puts the problem of intermittency and dissipation in turbulence into a modern framework, compatible with recent mathematical advances on the proof of Onsager’s conjecture.
Think of the children: Leader development at the edge of tomorrow
Authors: Billsberry Jon , Escobar Vega Claudia , Molineux John
Published: March 2019

Leader development has traditionally focused on adults. However, evidence suggests that these efforts are limited to developing and refining skills, encouraging some reflection, and helping the learners plan for the future. The underlying problem is that these are people whose brains are fully developed and relatively set. Hence, adult leader development works with what is already there. In this controversial essay, we argue that leader development activities should instead be directed towards children. Their brains are forming and leader development work will create and shape the leaders of tomorrow. We draw the important caveat that relatively little is known about influencing leadership in young brains making this a fertile and exciting, if challenging, area for leader development research.
The confinement and empowerment of Muslim leadership within the ‘iron cage of cultural complexity’: The case of an Islamic setting within Australia
Authors: Parry Ken , Faris Nezar
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this empirical research is to address leadership within a complex multicultural context; namely Islamic organizations within a contemporary Western society (Australia). The researchers utilized qualitative analysis of triangulated, predominantly qualitative data. The analysis drew on core elements of grounded theory. It was found that both macro- and micro-dimensions of culture had an impact on Australian Muslim understandings of leadership and subsequently had an impact on leading. The analysis also uncovered intra- and inter-cultural complexity within Muslim organizations. The concept of an ‘iron cage’ of micro-cultures emerged to integrate these findings. An abstract storyline is posed wherein a new leadership identity will facilitate empowerment and uncertainty resolution about the stress of cultural complexity, resulting in more effective leadership.
How to emerge stronger: Antecedents and consequences of organizational resilience
Authors: Rodríguez-Sánchez Alma , Guinot Jacob , Chiva Ricardo , López-Cabrales Álvaro
Published: March 2019

Organizations have to strive in an uncertain and challenging environment. Hence, the role resilience played at work has been of special interest in the last decade, although empirical research is still scant, especially regarding the antecedents and the consequences resilience has. In this study we analyse the role corporate social responsibility plays towards employees (CSRE) in the promotion of resilience at work, and how resilience results in organizational learning capability (OLC) and firm performance. Structural equation modelling was used to test our model with a sample of 296 companies from different sectors. Results show that CSRE had a positive influence on organizational resilience, which in turn affected firm performance via OLC. Therefore, we tested the antecedents and consequences resilience had empirically, whose practical implications in terms of further human resource management activities are also discussed.
A Bounds Approach to Inference Using the Long Run Multiplier
Authors: Webb Clayton , Linn Suzanna , Lebo Matthew
Published: March 2019

Pesaran, Shin, and Smith (2001) (PSS) proposed a bounds procedure for testing for the existence of long run cointegrating relationships between a unit root dependent variable ($y_{t}$) and a set of weakly exogenous regressors$\boldsymbol{x}_{t}$when the analyst does not know whether the independent variables are stationary, unit root, or mutually cointegrated processes. This procedure recognizes the analyst’s uncertainty over the nature of the regressors but not the dependent variable. When the analyst is uncertain whether$y_{t}$is a stationary or unit root process, the test statistics proposed by PSS are uninformative for inference on the existence of a long run relationship (LRR) between$y_{t}$and$\boldsymbol{x}_{t}$. We propose the long run multiplier (LRM) test statistic as a means of testing for LRRs without knowing whether the series are stationary or unit roots. Using stochastic simulations, we demonstrate the behavior of the test statistic given uncertainty about the univariate dynamics of both$y_{t}$and$\boldsymbol{x}_{t}$, illustrate the bounds of the test statistic, and generate small sample and approximate asymptotic critical values for the upper and lower bounds for a range of sample sizes and model specifications. We demonstrate the utility of the bounds framework for testing for LRRs in models of public policy mood and presidential success.
Psychometric evaluation of the Malay Filial Piety Scale (FPS-M) for adolescents in Malaysia
Authors: Tan Chee-Seng , Tan Soon-Aun , Nainee Sarvarubini , Ong Anna Wen-Huey , Yeh Kuang-Hui
Published: March 2019

The 16-item Filial Piety Scale (FPS) has been used in different cultural groups to measure individuals’ loyalty to their family and traditions. Nevertheless, the language could be a barrier for Malay-speaking populations to fully comprehend the items. Thus, the present study translated the FPS into the Malay language (FPS-M) and examined psychometric qualities of the scale in a sample of 621 secondary school students in Malaysia, which was randomly split into an exploration sample and a validation sample. Traditional confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling were applied to the exploration sample to identify the best-fit model. Results indicated that the hypothetical two-correlated-factor model was superior to the single-factor model. The model was then verified using the validation sample. The FPS-M reported good internal consistency and positive correlation with self-reported life satisfaction. However, the measurement invariance test revealed that the factor structure of the FPS-M was not equivalent across gender groups. In contrast, the factor loadings, but not intercepts, were found equivalent across the Chinese and Indian students. Overall, the results support that the FPS-M is a useful tool for measuring filial piety attitude in Malaysian adolescents. More studies are needed to identify cultural differences and modify the items to ensure that the FPS-M is applicable for all ethnicity groups.
Worth-based choice: giving an offered smaller pear an even greater fictional value
Authors: Zheng Yu , Shen Si-Chu , Xu Ming-Xing , Rao Li-Lin , Li Shu
Published: March 2019

Choices between options represented in a multidimensional space, in which each dimension signifies a distinct attribute describing the objects, are presumably guided by the principle of value maximization. However, the current study assumes that in a real-world setting, those who are able to imagine things that do not actually exist could modify the multidimensional space by self-generating an unoffered but fictional dimension. We define the utility (Uv) assigned by the decision makers to the options on the offered/given dimension as value (v[x]) and the utility (Uw) on the self-generated/fictional dimension as worth (w[xc]). Our series of experiments demonstrated that an option with a greater value established strictly on that given set of dimensions might not necessarily be chosen (which contradicted the principle of value maximization). Choosing an option with less value (i.e. giving away the bigger pear) behavior can be described and explained by the “worth-based choice” approach, as people behave to select the option with the highest worth rather than that with the highest value. We are optimistic that the resulting findings will facilitate our understanding of the beauty of such a “one step further” choice and assist us in understanding the following: the ability to further generate a fictional dimension and to assign a delayed utility (worth) to the options on the fictional dimension, and to make a worth-based choice, which could eventually be taken as the operational definition to measure the degree of “fiction-generating ability”, as proposed by Harari ( 2014 ).
Beyond Positive and Negative: New Perspectives on Feedback Effects in Public Opinion on the Welfare State
Authors: Busemeyer Marius R , Abrassart Aurélien , Nezi Roula
Published: March 2019

The study of policy feedback on public attitudes and policy preferences has become a growing area of research in recent years. Scholars in the tradition of Pierson usually argue that positive, self-reinforcing feedback effects dominate (that is, attitudes are commensurate with existing institutions), whereas the public thermostat model developed by Wlezien and Soroka expects negative, self-undermining feedback. Moving beyond the blunt distinction between positive and negative feedback, this article develops and proposes a more fine-grained typology of feedback effects that distinguishes between accelerating, self-reinforcing and self-undermining, specific and general, as well as long- and short-term dynamic feedback. The authors apply this typology in an analysis of public opinion on government spending in different areas of the welfare state for twenty-one OECD countries, employing a pseudo-panel approach. The empirical analysis confirms the usefulness of this typology since it shows that different types of feedback effects can be observed empirically.
Asymptotic Behaviour of the Energy Integral of a Two-Parameter Homogenization Problem with Nonlinear Periodic Robin Boundary Conditions
Authors: de Cristoforis Massimo Lanza , Musolino Paolo
Published: March 2019

We consider a nonlinear Robin problem for the Poisson equation in an unbounded periodically perforated domain. The domain has a periodic structure, and the size of each cell is determined by a positive parameterδ. The relative size of each periodic perforation is determined by a positive parameterε. Under suitable assumptions, such a problem admits a family of solutions which depends onεandδ. We analyse the behaviour the energy integral of such a family as (ε,δ) tends to (0, 0) by an approach that represents an alternative to asymptotic expansions and classical homogenization theory.
Mixed projections and syntactic categories
Authors: LOWE JOHN J.
Published: March 2019

I explore the bases of a ‘distributionalist’ approach to syntactic categories, that is, an approach that makes distinctions on the basis of purely syntactic (as opposed to, say, semantic) criteria. I focus on the phenomenon of ‘mixed projections’, where a syntactic phrase appears to display properties of more than one syntactic category, as analysed within the framework of Lexical-Functional Grammar. I argue that of the three syntactic criteria called upon in the definition of syntactic categories within this approach, only one, the internal syntactic structure of a phrase, is a sufficient criterion for syntactic categorization. This leads to a more restricted definition of category mixing and implies a more restricted approach to categorization in general.
Introduction: Indigeneity in ‘Southeast Asia’: Challenging identities and geographies
Authors: Baird Ian G.
Published: March 2019

Only a few decades ago, there was not a country in Asia that recognised the existence of specifically and legally defined ‘Indigenous Peoples’. In recent years, however, that has changed, albeit unevenly. The concept of indigeneity is being increasingly accepted, both by governments and the public, although it remains highly controversial, even in countries where it has made some ground legally. For example, in the region we now frequently refer to as ‘Southeast Asia’, the governments of the Philippines and Cambodia now define particular ethnic groups of people as Indigenous, and are providing these groups with particular rights. In other countries in the region, the concept of Indigenous Peoples is still not legally recognised, but there is increasing acceptance of the concept, or at least recognition of it amongst certain groups. Questions related to the proliferation and contested nature of the concept of Indigenous Peoples were addressed during a multidisciplinary workshop organised by the Center for Southeast Asian Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in March 2015. This special issue of the Journal of Southeast Asian Studies is devoted to considering some of the conceptions of indigeneity in Southeast Asia that brought together a group of scholars and activists from various countries in Asia and the United States for the workshop, which was financially supported through a grant provided by Open Society Foundations.
Norm entrepreneurship and diffusion ‘from below’ in international organisations: How the competent performance of vulnerability generates benefits for small states
Authors: Corbett Jack , Xu Yi-chong , Weller Patrick
Published: March 2019

For decades, the world's smallest states – the structurally weakest members of the multilateral system – have been considered incapable of influencing international organisations (IOs). So, why has the label small state risen to prominence over the last two decades and become institutionalised as a formal grouping in multiple IOs? Drawing on more than eighty in-depth interviews, we explain the rise of Small Island Developing States in the United Nations system, the expansion of their agenda to the Small and Vulnerable Economies group at the World Trade Organization, and then to other IOs. The adoption of the labels is evidence of small state norm diffusion. We identify the competent performance of vulnerability within multilateral settings as the key to explaining this norm emergence and diffusion. The lesson is that diffusion ‘from below’ is not always driven by a desire to increase rank. In this case small states have gained benefits by maintaining a lowly position in a hierarchy in which large is stronger than small.
NATIVE AND NONNATIVE PERCEPTION OF WESTERN ANDALUSIAN SPANISH /S/ ASPIRATION IN QUIET AND NOISE
Authors: Del Saz María
Published: March 2019

Many college students set out on Study Abroad Programs to other countries in which the variant of the foreign language spoken in the region differs from the variant to which learners have been exposed. This study explores the perception of L2 Western Andalusian Spanish aspiration of word-final /s/ by L1 American English listeners, in relation to their length of exposure to the L2 in quiet conditions and to their competence level in the L2 in noisy conditions. Results indicate that perception drops in adverse conditions, particularly for listeners in their intermediate stages of learning. Proficient listeners’ perception also suffers with respect to native listeners’ performance at lower signal-to-noise ratios. For all listeners, native and nonnative, standard features are best identified, whether in quiet or noise.