bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
German-Polish scienti c cooperations in divided Germany – Janusz Korczak associations in East and West Germany since the 1970s
Authors:   Department of the History, Philosophy and Ethics of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany, Oommen-Halbach Anne
Published: December 2021

The Polish-Jewish paediatrician, pedagogue and writer Janusz Korczak (1878/79–1942) has not been honoured in Germany until many years after his death in Treblinka in 1942. The German division led to the development of two separate German academic associations since the end of the 1970s, which aimed – under different political circumstances – to popularise and disseminate the memory of Korczak and his works. Both associations estab- lished personal and academic contacts and cooperations with the Polish Korczak Committee, whose history can be traced back to 1946, when contemporary witnesses of Korczak founded the Committee to honour Korczak’s memory. This paper aims to reconstruct the early scientific cooperations of both German Korczak associations with Polish scientists and the Polish Korczak Committee. While in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) major research stimuli emanated at the faculties of education at Gießen and Wuppertal, in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) a first publicly perceived research focus crystallised at the only existing, state-controlled publishing house for schoolbooks (Volk und Wissen – Volkseigener Verlag) in East- Berlin. In the early 1980s, the work of the young associations was focused on biographical and bibliographical studies. Here it becomes obvious, that Korczak studies in East and West were substantially inspired and advanced by the then still living contemporary eyewitnesses of Korczak and their personal contacts to individual members of the existing Korczak associations. The history of the international Korczak bibliography is a characteristic example, that shows, how closely contemporary witnessing is linked to scientific research on Korczak.
A Baltic Sea region student poster exhibition on cooperation and conflict in medicine
Authors:   Department of the History, Philosophy and Ethics of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany, Sohner Felicitas , Gavallėr Yvonne ,   Department of the History, Philosophy and Ethics of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany, Hansson Nils ,   Department of the History, Philosophy and Ethics of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany
Published: December 2021

Which topics and developments in the field of medicine and health sci- ences are relevant for the Baltic Sea macro-region in the future? How can a wider public be involved in the discourses of cooperation within the Baltic Sea region?
Maksātnespējas process Covid-19 pandēmijas ēnā
Authors: Savickis Valdis
Published: December 2021

The author has set two main objectives researching the topic concerning the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic to the insolvency proceedings; the first one being identification how the scope of prohibitions and restrictions impact insolvency proceedings (in particular – legal entities), while the second concerns determining legal and financial instruments that have been implemented on national level, influencing solvency and insolvency proceedings policy during the emergency period. Using analytical and descriptive methods, normative acts and political planning documents have been studied. The historical method provides insight into evolution and development of regulatory frameworks. The comparative method has been applied by comparing the scope of legal and financial instruments on national level in the sphere of management and suppression of consequences of the spread of COVID-19 infection. Conducting the research, the author has aimed to establish specifics of crisis management legislation on both executive and parliamentary powers levels, and relationships with the specific legal framework in the field of insolvency proceedings. State, declaring the emergency state, invented scope of prohibitions and restrictions on the one hand, and promoted targeted financial and legal assistance on the other. The extent of bargaining was balanced with support mechanisms also in the sphere of insolvency of legal entities, highlighting clear and predictable insolvency policy. Targeted restrictions on prohibitions for creditors for submission of an application for insolvency proceedings of a legal person were synchronised with both periods of declaration of the emergency state. A more precise and extended regulation concerning submission of an application for insolvency proceedings of a legal person were invented after the second period of emergency state lasting until 1 March 2021. Scope of legal and financial instruments, invented on both pandemic periods (Year 2020 Fall and Autumn), in majority of cases were of the same nature, but with a different perspective of implementation and availability. In this particular segment of support mechanisms are evolutionary, inventing more flexible and accessible instruments of pandemic recovery funds.
Keywords: insolvency, COVID-19, state of emergency, prohibition, legal entities.
Small States in the United Nations Security Council: Legal and Conceptual Aspects versus Practical Perspective
Authors: Reire Gunda
Published: December 2021

The article focuses on the prospects for work conducted by small states in the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) and examines two aspects which frame the work of small states in the UNSC – the legal aspect (institutional and procedural) and the conceptual aspect (the concept of small states), comparing them with the work and achievements of small states in praxis. The aim of the article is to provide qualitative and comparative analysis of small states’ work in the UNSC, to outline legal and political interpretation of their activities and to compare legal and conceptual framework with the practical perspective. The research is designed to be relevant for Latvia in the context of its candidature for a non-permanent seat of the UNSC at the elections in 2025, and it analyses cases of Lithuania’s and Estonia’s membership. The author of the article argues that despite the minimal role provided for the small states in the UNSC by international law and the theoretical concept, cases of Lithuania and Estonia show that the practical perspective proves a much higher capability, influence and ability of small states to profile themselves actively within the global agenda while at the same time remaining in the aforementioned legal and conceptual boundaries. This can happen under circumstances where there are minor systemic challengers, lack of triggers for security of small states, and overlapping of the international security agenda and their field of expertise. Keywords: United Nations, Security Council, small states, the Baltic States.
Ethnic issues in the western part of Czech Silesia from the perspective of state security forces in the years 1946 to 1948
Authors: Hlavienka Lubomír
Published: December 2021

The article is aimed on the security problems connected with ethnic issues in the region of western part of Czech Silesia in years 1946–1948. After the end of World war II came to the Czech borderland great number of new residents. The article deals with the security corps’ attitudes towards members of individual nationalities and examines the differences in their perceptions.
A Short Prolegomena to the Philosophy of War, in Four Problems
Authors: Dodd James
Published: December 2021

Is something like a true "philosophy of war"—understood as a coherent system of ideas, or a clearly articulated theoretical posture adequate to fully addressing the enduring chal-lenges of war on a properly philosophical register—at all possible? What follows is an attempt to outline, in four problems, the parameters of any future critique of a philosophy of war: the problem of categories, the problem of representation, the problem of violence, and finally the problem of peace. It is argued that within each horizon delimited by these four problems philosophy encounters a potential limit, one that raises fundamental doubts regarding the cogency of any philosophy of war considered as a systematic enterprise.
War-like Violence: Violating the Ontological Contract
Authors: Bergoffen Debra
Published: December 2021

Examining the continuities and differences between war and war-like violence, focusing on the war like violence of racism and rape through the lens of Sartre’s ontology of “The Look”, Merleau-Ponty’s concept of a body schema, and Beauvoir’s analysis of women as “the sex”, I argue that war-like violence deploys the affect perceptions of shame, degrada-tion, humiliation and disgust to violate the ontological contract of intersubjectivity and mutual vulnerability.
Refractory CSF leakage following untethering surgery performed 10 months after birth for enlarging terminal myelocystocele associated with OEIS complex
Authors: Murakami Nobuya , Kurogi Ai , Kawakami Yoshihisa , Noguchi Yushi , Hayashida Makoto , Suzuki Satoshi O. , Mukae Nobutaka , Shimogawa Takafumi , Yoshimoto Koji , Morioka Takato
Published: December 2021

Background:

Terminal myelocystocele (TMC) is an occult spinal dysraphism characterized by cystic dilatation of the terminal spinal cord in the shape of a trumpet (myelocystocele) filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which herniates into the extraspinal subcutaneous region. The extraspinal CSF-filled portion of the TMC, consisting of the myelocystocele and the surrounding subarachnoid space, may progressively enlarge, leading to neurological deterioration, and early untethering surgery is recommended.

Case Description:

We report a case of a patient with TMC associated with OEIS complex consisting of omphalocele (O), exstrophy of the cloaca (E), imperforate anus (I), and spinal deformity (S). The untethering surgery for TMC had to be deferred until 10 months after birth because of the delayed healing of the giant omphalocele and the respiration instability due to hypoplastic thorax and increased intra-abdominal pressure. The TMC, predominantly the surrounding subarachnoid space, enlarged during the waiting period, resulting in the expansion of the caudal part of the dural sac. Although untethering surgery for the TMC was uneventfully performed with conventional duraplasty, postoperative CSF leakage occurred, and it took three surgical interventions to repair it. External CSF drainage, reduction of the size of the caudal part of the dural sac and use of gluteus muscle flaps and collagen matrix worked together for the CSF leakage.

Conclusion:

Preoperative enlargement of the TMC, together with the surrounding subarachnoid space, can cause the refractory CSF leakage after untethering surgery because the expanded dural sac possibly increases its own tensile strength and impedes healing of the duraplasty. Early untethering surgery is recommended after recovery from the life-threatening conditions associated with OEIS complex.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE MARKETING INFORMATION SYSTEM ON THE FORMATION OF THE MARKETING STRATEGY OF THE ENTERPRISE
Authors:   Higher Education Institution «Podillia State University», Gogol Inna
Published: December 2021

The relevance of the study is due to the necessity to determine the part of the influence of marketing information system on the formation of marketing strategies and direction of efforts in order to increase the results of enterprises. Based on the results of marketing research and analysis of their activities on the basis of accurate and balanced information is determined by the market direction of the enterprise. In modern conditions, both producers and consumers, primarily uses information as a means by which can obtain data from the environment, ie any data containing information that interests them for a certain period of time. Implementation of these tasks is based on a thorough analysis of information to develop a successful strategy in order to choose one of the strategic alternatives. The purpose of the study is to substantiate scientific and theoretical positions and development of practical recommendations for the formation of marketing strategy in agricultural enterprises. During the study dialectical method of cognition, the provisions of economic theory, scientist’s works on issues of formation of marketing strategy with the use of marketing information system are used. The object of this study is the impact of marketing information system on formation of marketing strategy of the enterprise, which is based on increasing efficiency indicators in modern conditions management and their improvement in the future. The author analyzes the components of the marketing information system and its main elements, the main marketing research which are carried out by the enterprises of the Khmelnytskyi region are highlighted. Marketing research of agricultural enterprises based on a survey of their leaders are conducted, and on the basis of generalization of results the scientific approach in order to determine the strategic position of enterprises of Khmelnytskyi region is developed.
ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL SECURITY: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS
Authors:   Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, Nychyporchuk Tetiana , Кovalenko Dmytro ,   Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design
Published: December 2021

The features of the theoretical and methodological aspects of the financial security of enterprises are considered in the paper. Modern theories, concepts and hypotheses of enterprise management are the theoretical and methodological basis of the paper. Comparative analysis is used. Scientific works, materials of periodicals, information resources of the Internet are the methodological and informational basis of the paper. It has been proven that the financial security of enterprises ensures a high level of financial security of the national economy. Content analysis of Ukrainian scientific publications on the subject for 2017-2021 was carried out. The main features of the definition of "enterprise financial security” were identified: provide balance and stable financial position; contribute to the efficient enterprise operation; allow to identify problem areas of an enterprise in the early stages; neutralize crisis and prevent bankruptcy. The key elements of the stability of the enterprise financial security system were identified. It is stated that the financial security system of specific enterprises provides a differentiated level of quantitative and qualitative parameters for protection of their financial interests, which are adequate for their financial philosophy. A system for ensuring the financial security of an enterprise was built on the basis of a hierarchical system of three levels: financial methods, financial tools, financial leverage. Internal and external threats to the financial security of enterprises were analyzed. A classification of threats to the financial security of enterprises was created in accordance with six groups of features: forms of manifestation; areas of origin; environment; ability to implement; type of object of attack; size of expected losses. It has been proven that financial risk management (risk management system) is part of a company financial security system. There are three components of financial risk management: high quality risk analysis, quantitative assessment of quantitative risks and development of risk situations. Prospects for further studies in this subject area are to substantiate methods and indicators of assessment, factors that affect financial security and levels of financial security for assessment of the state of financial security of enterprises.
SOCIAL ADVERTISING AS A COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT RESOURCE
Authors:   Odessa National Economic University, Salo Yana , Ivanova Yelyzaveta ,   Odessa National Economic University
Published: December 2021

The article considers social advertising as a communication resource of management. The interpretation of social advertising by Ukrainian and foreign scientists is given. The focus is on the differences between "social advertising" and "non-commercial advertising". It is noted that social advertising is used to more effectively manage and regulate social processes, disseminate important social and legal information, form the right public opinion and involve citizens in solving current problems in the social sphere of their lives. The article reveals the general problems of social advertising in Ukraine, reflects its reality and impact on modern Ukrainian society. Attention is focused on the fact that the current state of social advertising in Ukraine remains in its infancy, because there is no single governing body in the country, because there is a lack of experience, lack of information support and many other factors. Despite the publicity of the issue, demographic, economic, political and social issues, social advertising does not find significant support from the government and other bodies. Insufficient awareness of the specifics of the work and development of advertising has a negative impact on the mechanisms of improving existing problems in Ukrainian society, which in turn affects the lack of effective regulation of social processes. These trends emphasize the need to change the legal framework governing relations in the field of advertising, training of highly qualified professionals who will develop advertising, providing conditions to strengthen the impact of social advertising on the formation of high morals, ethical views in Ukrainian society. The analysis of the components of full-fledged social advertising is made and their content is revealed. Trends in the development and promotion of social advertising in Ukraine are revealed. It has been proven that the type of such advertising is needed in order to promote social ideas. In a developed society, social advertising is one of the tools to improve the management of various social spheres. In order to optimize the development of social advertising in Ukraine, the authors recommended to implement a number of organizational and legal measures. Conclusions from this study are made, suggestions for further development of this issue are given.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF FORMATION ORGANIZATIONAL AND INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT OF ENTERPRISE FUNCTIONING
Authors:   Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Dotsiuk Svitlana
Published: December 2021

The article defines the essence of entrepreneurship and reveals the views of domestic scientists on this term. The characteristic features and functions of entrepreneurship are given, the subjects that are related to entrepreneurial activity are indicated and the categories of citizens who are not allowed to engage in entrepreneurial activity. The author reflects the types of business entities, which are divided into micro-enterprises, small, medium and large depending on the size, average number of employees for the reporting period (calendar year) and annual income from any activity of the enterprise. The dynamics of the number of operating enterprises in Ukraine, including agriculture, forestry and fisheries during 2016-2020, is analyzed, the reasons leading to the decrease in the number of enterprises and their competitiveness are given. The presented work reflects the main components of organizational and institutional support of entrepreneurship, which consist of two important parts - organizational and institutional. The importance of human resources is noted, because today in Ukraine there is an increasing question of improving its efficiency in enterprises. Wages are one of the ways to motivate staff, through which the company is able to retain creative and promising employees. The article highlights the need to provide enterprises with technical means and technologies, the formation of equity and borrowed capital, the use of the latest developments in science and technology. It is equally important to provide the company with reliable and truthful information about the domestic and global markets.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CONSUMPTION STRUCTURE OF CHINESE URBAN AND RURAL RESIDENTS
Authors:   Henan Institute of Science and Technology (China), Cui Lijuan
Published: December 2021

China is a typical dual economic structure country, and there is a certain degree of difference in the consumption structure of urban and rural residents. The purpose of this article is to grasp and explore the changing trends of urban and rural residents’ consumption, and to understand people’s consumption needs. On the one hand, it provides ideas and references for promoting the development of human resources, and on the other hand, it is conducive to timely adjustment of industrial structure and product structure, and good industrial relations. In terms of research methods, the article uses the "China Statistical Yearbook" as the data source, and selects the consumption data of Chinese urban and rural residents in food, clothing, housing, daily necessities and services, transportation and communication, culture, education and entertainment, health care, etc. during the period 2013-2019. Through quantitative analysis, the characteristics and differences of the consumption structure of Chinese urban and rural residents have been found. Studies have shown that rural residents’ basic subsistence consumption such as food, clothing and housing still accounts for a large proportion, while the proportion of development and enjoyment consumption is relatively small, and the burden of rural residents’ medical care is still relatively large. Therefore, the focus of the future development of rural work in China is to increase the income of farmers, strive to increase the proportion of developmental and enjoyable consumption, reduce the proportion of basic subsistence consumption, and promote the orderly improvement of the consumption structure of rural residents. On the other hand, it is necessary to improve the medical welfare of farmers and reduce their pressure on medical care.
MANAGEMENT ASPECTS OF THE RESEARCH OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF SCALE AND EFFICIENCY OF FAMILY FARMS IN HENAN PROVINCE
Authors:   Sumy National Agrarian University, Lichen Niu
Published: December 2021

In the process of rapid economic development, an innovative mechanism for agricultural management, support for the functioning of family farms will contribute to the efficiency, large-scale, intensive agricultural production and economic benefits of China. The purpose of the article is to combine theoretical analysis with practical, in terms of management, scale and efficiency of family farms, to find the optimal ratio for Henan Province. Effective organization and management is an important factor to promote the development of any enterprise or subject. As a new agricultural management subject, family farms play a very important role in China's agricultural development. Appropriately sized family farms can effectively realize the optimal allocation of resource elements, which is in line with the current needs and policy objectives of China's modern agricultural development. As the main body of new agricultural management, family farm is an effective organizational form to promote agricultural intensive, professional, large-scale and modern management. After many years of research, Chinese and foreign scholars have indeed confirmed the importance of the contribution of family farms to the agricultural sector of the economy and believe that they are typical representatives and, of course, an indispensable component in promoting agriculture. On the basis of theoretical and in combination with empirical analysis, this study proved that under modern conditions of production organization, not all family farms have high efficiency. When family farms exceed their business capacity, they also lack production efficiency. At the same time, it should be noted that the most productive subjects of agriculture today are family farms of the appropriate scale. According to the results of the study, it was determined that a family farm with a land area of 60-110 Mu, is the most productive agricultural entity in this segment. In order to further implement, proposals and methods for improving the efficiency of family farms in Henan Province have been proposed.
REALIZATION OF PERSONAL NON-PROPERTY RIGHT TO EDUCATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF NECESSARY VACCINATION FROM COVID-19
Authors:   Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, Katsiuba Karina , Herhulenko Tetiana ,   Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University
Published: December 2021

This article is aimed at a detailed analysis of the process and possible obstacles in the implementation of the personal moral right to education in the context of the necessary vaccination against COVID-19. To understand fully the subject of the research, attention was drawn to some legislative acts that allow us to understand the meaning of the personal moral right to education, to analise definitions. The study analyzed the argumentation about a certain inferiority of distance learning, introduced due to quarantine restrictions and an insignificant number of vaccinated participants in the educational process. The allegation of violation of the right to education after the introduction of distance learning was refuted, taking into consideration the legislative acts. Another point of view, that was analyzed during the research, was the existence of discriminatory processes against unvaccinated citizens in the exercise of the right to education. However, a detailed analysis of the laws, as well as the personal opinion of the Ombudsman regarding the removal of unvaccinated persons from full-time education, gave grounds to refute this statement. Special attention was paid to the decisions of authoritative judicial instances, namely the ECHR, the Supreme Court on the arguments in support of compulsory vaccination, as well as the legality of limiting the rights of the unvaccinated. These decisions were based on the interests of the whole society, as well as the collective right to a safe environment. The study analyzed the mechanism of limiting any human right and its use to substantiate the legality of excluding unvaccinated individuals from full- time education. Significant attention was paid to the point of view, which considers the need for vaccination as a condition for the realization of the right to education in any form, and certain analogies were described. And also the problem was analyzed taking into account the concept that recognized human life as the highest legal value. During the study, the conclusion was drawn, that there wasn’t a fact of violation of the right to education of unvaccinated persons due to the interests and safety of society.
GROUNDS FOR INITIATING INDIVIDUAL INSOLVENCY PROCEEDINGS UNDER THE LEGISLATION OF UKRAINE AND GERMANY
Authors:   Zaporizhia National University, Poliakov Rodion
Published: December 2021

The article examines the grounds for initiating individual insolvency proceedings, which are regulated by Ukrainian and German law, as well as current positions of judicial practice in this area. Proposals are made to improve the provisions of the Bankruptcy Code of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine «On Judicial Fees», which will have a positive impact on the legal regulation of insolvency of individuals and law enforcement practice in this area. It is established that in Ukraine the legislator uses not only the principle of insolvency or threat of insolvency to open an insolvency of a citizen, as is the case with a legal entity, but also payment inability. The author notes that using the principle of insolvency, the Ukrainian legislator in one case indicates the minimum amount of debt, and in another sets only the terms of suspension of payments and the minimum percentage of arrears, and in determining the threat of insolvency and payment inability does not provide any quantitative and qualitative characteristics. It is suggested that debtors must have the property in necessary amount to cover court costs when initiating insolvency proceedings. It is proposed to establish a court fee for filing an application for insolvency proceedings, differentiating its size depending on whether the individual debtor has the status of an individual-entrepreneur. It is noted that under German law, the procedure of insolvency of individuals may be opened at the request of both the debtor and the creditor. It is established that the opening of individual insolvency proceedings in Germany is possible only if there are additional grounds, such as: unsuccessful attempt of pre-trial settlement of debt within six months before the filing of the application for initiation of proceedings; availability of a certificate issued by a special entity and certifying a failed attempt of a pre-trial settlement; submission of an application for discharge from residual debt or an application for refusal of such discharge.
Cover, Daftar Isi, Isi
Authors: Isi Cover Daftar Isi
Published: December 2021

Vol 2 No 1 Juli 2021
Smart Bio-Polymeric Matrix for Accelerated Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration
Authors:   Department of Polymer & Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India, A Dhasmana , L Singh ,   Department of Pharmacology, Kharvel Subharti College of Pharmacy, India, S Malik ,   Department of Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
Published: December 2021

Traditionally in Chinese medicine, animal sources and their by-products widely used for surgical and healing purposes. Eggshell Membrane (ESM) has been potentially used as grafting material for wound covering and healing due to its fibrous mesh enriched with collagen and glycoproteins. However, the fragile nature of ESM limits applicability for small and superficial wounds. Therefore, acellular matrix/scaffold fabricated from the allogeneic or xenogeneic tissues widely used as grafting material for the repairing and regeneration tissue. Here, we modified an acellular scaffold in different concentrations of ESM protein (ESMP)-5, 7.5 and 10%, and studied synergistic effect for intensifying the tissue healing and regeneration process. Modified Scaffolds (ESMP-AGDS) were evaluated for tissue regeneration by subjecting it through physicochemical and biological characterization i.e., biochemical assay, FTIR, FESEM, in vitro and in vivo analysis. The study revealed proper interaction between the ESMP and acellular matrix 3D interconnected pores structure (57.69±15.65 μm) with good porosity (60.56±9.78%) for better cell and nutrient diffusion. In vitro studies revealed good biodegradability and biocompatibility of modified scaffold with 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells. At the very least concentration of 5% ESMP, acellular matrix showed excellent proliferation and attachment of fibroblast with the progression of time. Similarly, in vivo study showed a full-thickness excisional wound in the albino mice model healed within 14 days along with hair follicles regenerated neo-skin tissue, without any immunogenicity and inflammation. Thus, the study confirmed ESMP and acellular matrix synergistic effect results in a cost-effective, biodegradable, biocompatible smart material potentially applicable for tissue regeneration.
Assembling Nanoparticle Clusters by Kinetic Control Using Weakly Interacting DNA
Authors: Lewis Alisha J. , Maye Mathew M.
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we describe the use of weakly interacting DNA linkages to assemble nanoparticles into defined clusters. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized and functionalized with thiol modified single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and hybridized with ssDNA linkers of a defined length (L). The self-assembly kinetics were altered by manipulating interparticle energetics through changes to linker length, rigidity, and sequence. The linker length regulated the hybridization energy between complementary AuNPs, were longer L increased adhesion, resulting in classical uncontrollable aggregation. In contrast, L of six complementary bases decreased adhesion and resulting in slower nucleation that promoted small cluster formation, the growth of which was studied at two assembly temperatures. Results indicated that a decrease in temperature to 15 oC increased cluster yield with L6 as compared to 25 oC. Finally, the clusters were separated from unassembled AuNPs by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation (UC) and studied via UV-visible spectrophotometry (UV-vis), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Colorimetric Monitoring of a Chemical Reaction Using Cesium Lead Halide Assays
Authors: Doane Tennyson L. , Cruz-Lopez Kevin J. , Maye Mathew M.
Published: December 2021

Cesium lead halide (CsPbX3, X = F, Cl, Br, I ) nanomaterials have a number of novel optoelectronic and physical properties, both of which are tailorable based on halide type and concentration, such as halide composition-dependent photoluminescence and rapid halide exchange while maintaining crystal structure. In this work we take advantage of these properties and use colloidal CsPbI3 nanoparticles as a proxy and colorimetric sensor of a chemical reaction in real-time. A solvolysis reaction between 2-bromo-2-methylbutane and butanol was used as a model system. A product of reaction, a bromide ion, could be detected via halide exchange with CsPbI3, by way of a quantitative blue shift (Δλ) in photoluminescence. The kinetics of this shift was calibrated against a known Br - source, which allowed for conversion to apparent values solvation kinetics. The observed rate constants (k) and corresponding activation energies (Ea) measured via the CsPbI3 probe were consistent with literature values for the reaction, confirming the validity of the approach.
Cy-clo-tetrakis(μ-diphenylphosphido)-1,5-bis(tri-tert-butylphosphine-tetracopper(I)
Authors: Dannenberg Steven , Waterman Rory
Published: December 2021

Copper phosphido cluster Cu4(μ-PPh2)4(PtBu3)2 was synthesized by three synthetic methods and structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction and 1H, 31P, 13C and 31P HMBC NMR spectroscopy. Cu4(μ-PPh2)4(PtBu3)2 was also demonstrated to be a hydrophosphination pre-catalyst.
Curious Case of Rodent Poison: A Case Report
Authors: Sam Ponraj Davidson. S  , Somasundaram Elangovan  , Suman Jhansi Lakshmi  , B. Senthil Kumar
Published: December 2021

Osteonecrosis was first described as a consequence of ionizing radiation used in the treatment of malignant tumors but later a variety of causes for osteonecrosis were found which include, Medication induced, radiation induced, chemical induced and infection induced. Terms such as: bisphosphonate osteonecrosis (BON), Bisphosphonate Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaws (BONJ), Bisphosphonate Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws (BRONJ), Antiresorptive Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (ARONJ) and Medication Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ) have all had proponents and all continue to be utilized. However, Migliorati  first proposed a designation of the disease as osteochemonecrosis. This case report is about a chemical induced osteonecrosis patient who placed rat poison inside the mouth.
5-HT3 Antagonist for Pregnancy Associated Nausea and Vomiting
Authors: Sumit Ghosh  , Nirankar Dev  , David Matthews
Published: December 2021

5-HT3 antagonists appear to be an effective treatment option in the treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with pregnancy. Literature suggests an increased risk of congenital defects in fetuses exposed to ondansetron during pregnancy, especially during first trimester. Health authorities now suggest that this drug should not be used during this period. However, this decision is debatable and whether ondansetron can be used in pregnant women is still controversial.
Development and validation for determination of lisinopril dihydrate in bulk drug and formulation using RP-HPLC method
Authors: Zahid Zaheer  , Sarfaraz Khan  , Mohammad Sadeque  , Hundekari G. I.  , Rana Zainuddin
Published: December 2021

A simple, reproducible and efficient reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for Lisinopril in bulk drug and formulation. A column having 150 × 4.6 mm in isocratic mode with mobile phase containing acetonitrile: phosphate buffer (70:30; adjusted to pH 3.0) was used. The flow rate was 0.8 ml/min and effluent was monitored at 216 nm. The retention time (min) and linearity range (μg/ml) for Lisinopril was (1.510) and (10-35). The developed method was found to be accurate, precise and selective for determination of Lisinopril in bulk and formulation.
Comparison of interleukin 4 levels in leprosy and non-leprosy patients at Dr. Muhammad Hoesen Palembang General Hospital
Authors: Fardiah Tilawati Sitanggang  , Eddy Mart Salim  , Zen Hafy  , Fifa Argentina  , Nova Kurniati  , Ya’kub Rahadiyanto
Published: December 2021

Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infectious disease caused by the mycobacterium leprae which injure the skin and peripheral nervous system. The spectrum and clinical type of leprosy are based on cellular immunity responses namely T-helper 1 (Th1) and T-helper 2 (Th2). This study aims to compare serum IL-4 levels between lepers and non-lepers in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang General Hospital. This research is an observational analytic study with a case-control design conducted at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang General Hospital. IL-4 examination is carried out using the ELISA method at the Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Sriwijaya University in January to February 2019. The case and control groups were 40 lepers and 40 medical personnel and paramedics working in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang General Hospital and family patients. The study included IL-4 levels, respondent status, clinical type of leprosy, and characteristics of respondents. In the leprosy group, the average age is 35 years, and most of them are male (27). In the non-leprosy group, the average age is 36.5 years, and most of them are female (24). There are more MB patients (36) than PB type (4) while type BL (19), type LL (10) type BB (7) and type BT and BB (2). The median value of IL-4 levels in leprosy patients is 209.63 pg/ml range from 103-243 pg/ml while the median value of IL-4 levels in non-leprosy patients is 63.38 pg/ml range from 32-125 pg/ml. Mann-Whitney analysis results show a p-value of 0.000. There is a significant difference between Interleukin 4 levels in lepers and non-lepers where IL-4 levels are higher in lepers than non-lepers.
VERTICAL INTEGRATION in AGRO-INDUSTRY: ECO-FRIENDLY GAMBIER PRODUCTS
Authors:   Faculty of Economics, Sriwijaya University, Hamira Hamira , Robiani Bernadette ,   Faculty of Economics, Sriwijaya University, Mukhlis Mukhlis ,   Faculty of Economics, Sriwijaya University
Published: December 2021

Textile dyeing on fabrics and clothing causes environmental pollution and health problems. There is an innovation of natural coloring using gambier in the Gambo Muba fabric industry and the garment industry in Indonesia. Gambier farmers supply natural dye raw materials. Then through the supply chain of the Gambo Muba fabric industry and the garment industry, it causes vertical integration in the gambier agro-industry. This study uses primary data from 39 vertically integrated companies in the gambier agro-industry, including the gambier rubber industry, the Gambo Muba fabric industry, and the garment industry. The data was then analyzed using descriptive qualitative. This study analyzes the relationship between vertically integrated industries, including the transaction costs between them, their impact of vertical integration on added value, and their profitability. Vertically integrated industries have low transaction costs. The impact of vertical integration on the gambier agro-industry adds to the chain of economic activities that can increase added value and profits. The impact of vertical integration can reduce transaction costs, especially the supplier coordination cost component, distributor cost component, inter-company lobbying costs components. The benefits of vertical integration in the gambier agro-industry are increasing high added value, profit levels, decreasing environmental pollution, and agro-industry sustainability.
How political and social attitude could help to fully adopt the circular economy concepts for national benefit? A comparative study
Authors:   University Business Academy, Novi Sad, Ilić Milena ,   Faculty of Contemporary Arts Belgrade, Information Technology School ITS, Serbia, Ranković Marko ,   University Union Nikola Tesla, Faculty of Information Technology and Engineering, Serbia, Dobrilović Milutin ,   University of Belgrade, Faculty of Economics, Stojaković Dušan ,   University Business Academy, Faculty of Contemporary Arts Belgrade, Serbia, Bucea-ManeaȚoniş Rocsana ,   National University of Physical Education and Sport, Romania, Mihoreanu Larisa ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Faculty of Administration and Public Management, Romania
Published: December 2021

This comparative study shows how concepts like circular economy, innovation and competitiveness are understood, accepted and implemented in Romania and Serbia, countries with similar preoccupations for the European Union's recommendations and destiny. It is shown that the similar results obtained outline the lack of continuity in applying the resilient strategy for general development and the strategic role of investments as a pillar of modernisation. Building a resilient and modern society requires fundamental and complex changes in the political decision-makers attitude and people's civic behaviour, linked to the circular economy principles, the need for substantial investments in top innovative research, high-tech products, and adequate public policies of general interest.
Consumers’ Perception of The Cost of Credit Default in The Vehicle Finance Industry in South Africa
Authors:   Department of Cost and Management Accounting, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa, Soga Nomaphelo , Onojaefe Darlington ,   Graduate Centre for Management, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa, Obokoh Lawrence ,   Department of Cost and Management Accounting, Cape peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa, Ukpere Wilfred ,   Department of Industrial Psychology and People Management, School of Management, College of Business & Economics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
Published: December 2021

The risk that a borrower may not fulfil his/her borrowing obligation presents credit owner (lender) a default risk management opportunity to maximize the risk-adjusted rate of return and to maintain minimum exposure to default associated cost. This paper investigated respondents’ perception of the cost of credit default and examines requirements for default risk management (DRM) in the vehicle finance industry in South Africa. It is noted that with an increased level of consumer indebtedness, unstable economy, high unemployment, opportunistic risks like health pandemics, vehicle financing faces a higher probability of default from borrowers. This descriptive investigation utilised quantitative approach using a survey method to collect data from 381 purposive randomly selected respondents who are vehicle finance customers in South Africa, Cape Town specifically. Data collection took place in the Western Cape over a nine-month period, utilising personal interview, and emails to administer questionnaires to vehicle finances’ customers as data collection instruments. Responses received were codified and quantitative data were analysed using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS version 25) The paper found mixed and variable respondents’ perception of the cost of credit default. In conclusion, it is perceived that South Africa debt would become more costly with credit default. It can be recommended that a default risk management intervention be applied to manage credit default risk within the context of the unified credit assessment policy in South Africa.
MADRE DE CACAO (Gliricidia sepium) AND BOTTLEBRUSH (Callistemon viminalis) LEAVES EXTRACT AS MOSQUITO LARVICIDE
Authors: M. De Leon Jelna , B. Ison Michael Jomar , V. Maningas Rolando
Published: December 2021

Mosquitoes are major disease vectors, therefore keeping them under control is essential for human health. Insecticides have been shown to be effective at controlling mosquito populations, but insecticide resistance and environmental concerns are increasing. Looking for the health and environment hazards and cost of synthetic insecticides, there is a need to find a safe, practical and effective alternatives. This study aimed to determine the level of effectiveness and the presence of phytochemical analysis of Gliricidia sepium and Callistemon viminalis leaves extracts. It also included the larvicidal effect from the different extract formulations of Madre de Cacao and Bottlebrush at different instar stage of mosquito larvae. It further investigated whether there is no significant difference in the effectivity among the five different formulations of leaves extract. Results of the experiment revealed that 100% Madre de Cacao formulation were found to be very effective in killing mosquito larvae followed by 75%:25%, 50%:50%, 25%:75% while 100% Bottlebrush formulation came out as less effective. Likewise, Madre de Cacao and Bottlebrush contain sterols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, tannins and triterpene that have larvicidal impact on mosquito. Finally, a significant difference exists among the different treatments. Madre de Cacao and Bottlebrush maybe recommended as home-based mosquito larvicide which were found to be not hazardous to the health of people in extracting the leaves. A community may build and designate a certain area for plantation and development of Madre de Cacao tree and other plants that potentially source of insecticides specially mosquito larvae that can lessen the harmful effects of using commercial pesticides in controlling mosquitoes.
GENOME SIZE DETERMINATION OF CUCUMBER (CUCUMIS SATIVUS), HONEYDEW (CUCUMIS MELO INODORUS) AND ROCK MELON (CUCUMIS MELO CANTALUPENSIS) VIA FLOW CYTOMETRY
Authors: Yumni Raden Muhamad Imaduddin , Karim Mohd Fauzihan , Midin Mohd Razik
Published: December 2021

The family of Cucurbitaceae consists of species with economical and nutritional value. Morphologically, there are only few differences between Cucumis species. The interspecific and intraspecific variation in the genome size of the Cucumis species are not discovered yet. Due to this, this study aims to determine the genome size of C. sativus, C. melo inodorus and C. melo cantalupensis using flow cytometry (FCM) method. Nuclei suspension of selected Cucumis species were extracted using LBO1 lysis buffer by manual chopping technique and stained by propidium iodide priot to FCM analysis. Genome size of C. sativus, C. melo inodorus (Honeydew) and C. melo cantalupensis (Rockmelon) were determined by using Glycine max (Soybean) as an external reference standard (2C = 2.5 pg). This study found that the genome size of C. sativus, C. melo inodorus and C. melo cantalupensis estimated to be 2.83 pg, 3.00 pg and 3.47 pg respectively. The genome size data obtained from this study can be used in future genome studies as well as species characterization.