bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Iron and Organic Carbon Colloids in Boreal Rivers and Their Fate at High Salinity
Authors: Herzog Simon David , Gentile Luigi , Olsson Ulf , Persson Per , Kritzberg Emma Sofia
Published: March 2020

Riverine colloids are important carriers of macronutrients, trace metals, and pollutants into marine waters. The aim of the current study was to extend the understanding of iron (Fe) and organic carbon (OC) colloids in boreal rivers and their fate at higher salinities. X‐ray absorbance spectroscopy (XAS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were combined to explore Fe speciation and colloidal characteristics such as size and surface charge and how these are affected at increasing salinity. XAS confirmed the presence of two Fe phases in the river waters—Fe‐organic matter (OM) complexes and Fe(oxy)hydroxides. From DLS measurements on filtered and unfiltered samples, three particle size distributions were identified. The smallest particles (10–40 nm) were positively charged and suggested to consist of essentially bare Fe(oxy)hydroxide nanoparticles. The largest particles (300–900 nm) were dominated by Fe(oxy)hydroxides associated with chromophoric molecular matter. An intermediate size distribution (100–200 nm) with a negative surface charge was presumably dominated by OM and containing Fe‐OM complexes. Increasing the salinity resulted in a removal of the smallest distribution. Unexpectedly, both the intermediate and largest size distributions were still detected at high salinity. The collective results suggest that Fe(oxy)hydroxides and Fe‐OM complexes are both found across the wide size range studied and that colloidal size does not necessarily reflect either Fe speciation or stability toward salinity‐induced aggregation. The findings further demonstrate that also particles beyond the typically studied <0.45‐μm size range should be considered to fully understand the riverine transport and fate of macronutrients, trace metals, and pollutants.
Topological edge states of interacting photon pairs emulated in a topolectrical circuit
Authors: Olekhno Nikita A. , Kretov Egor I. , Stepanenko Andrei A. , Ivanova Polina A. , Yaroshenko Vitaly V. , Puhtina Ekaterina M. , Filonov Dmitry S. , Cappello Barbara , Matekovits Ladislau , Gorlach Maxim A.
Published: March 2020

Topological physics opens up a plethora of exciting phenomena allowing to engineer disorder-robust unidirectional flows of light. Recent advances in topological protection of electromagnetic waves suggest that even richer functionalities can be achieved by realizing topological states of quantum light. This area, however, remains largely uncharted due to the number of experimental challenges. Here, we take an alternative route and design a classical structure based on topolectrical circuits which serves as a simulator of a quantum-optical one-dimensional system featuring the topological state of two photons induced by the effective photon-photon interaction. Employing the correspondence between the eigenstates of the original problem and circuit modes, we use the designed simulator to extract the frequencies of bulk and edge two-photon bound states and evaluate the topological invariant directly from the measurements. Furthermore, we perform a reconstruction of the two-photon probability distribution for the topological state associated with one of the circuit eigenmodes.
CO2 controls the oriented growth of metal-organic framework with highly accessible active sites
Authors: Zhang Fanyu , Zhang Jianling , Zhang Bingxing , Zheng Lirong , Cheng Xiuyan , Wan Qiang , Han Buxing , Zhang Jing
Published: March 2020

The production of 2D metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with highly exposed active surfaces is of great importance for catalysis. Here we demonstrate the formation of MOF nanosheets by utilizing CO2 as a capping agent to control the oriented growth of MOF. This strategy has many advantages over the conventional methods. For example, it is template-free and proceeds at mild temperature (35 °C), CO2 can be easily removed by depressurization, and the properties of the MOF nanosheets can be well adjusted by changing CO2 pressure. Such a simple, rapid, efficient and adjustable route produces MOF nanosheets with ultrathin thickness (∼10 nm), small lateral size (∼100 nm) and abundant unsaturated coordination metal sites on surfaces. Owing to these unique features, the as-synthesized MOF nanosheets exhibit superior activity for catalyzing the oxidation reactions of alcohols.
The base of the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone, Karoo Basin, predates the end-Permian marine extinction
Authors: Gastaldo Robert A. , Kamo Sandra L. , Neveling Johann , Geissman John W. , Looy Cindy V. , Martini Anna M.
Published: March 2020

The current model for the end-Permian terrestrial ecosystem crisis holds that systematic loss exhibited by an abrupt turnover from the Daptocephalus to the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone (AZ; Karoo Basin, South Africa) is time equivalent with the marine Permian–Triassic boundary (PTB). The marine event began at 251.941 ± 0.037 Ma, with the PTB placed at 251.902 ± 0.024 Ma (2σ). Radio-isotopic dates over this interval in the Karoo Basin were limited to one high resolution ash-fall deposit in the upper Daptocephalus AZ (253.48 ± 0.15 (2σ) Ma) with no similar age constraints for the overlying biozone. Here, we present the first U-Pb CA-ID-TIMS zircon age (252.24 ± 0.11 (2σ) Ma) from a pristine ash-fall deposit in the Karoo Lystrosaurus AZ. This date confirms that the lower exposures of the Lystrosaurus AZ are of latest Permian age and that the purported turnover in the basin preceded the end-Permian marine event by over 300 ka, thus refuting the previously used stratigraphic marker for terrestrial end-Permian extinction.
Sub-nanosecond memristor based on ferroelectric tunnel junction
Authors: Ma Chao , Luo Zhen , Huang Weichuan , Zhao Letian , Chen Qiaoling , Lin Yue , Liu Xiang , Chen Zhiwei , Liu Chuanchuan , Sun Haoyang , Jin Xi , Yin Yuewei , Li Xiaoguang
Published: March 2020

Next-generation non-volatile memories with ultrafast speed, low power consumption, and high density are highly desired in the era of big data. Here, we report a high performance memristor based on a Ag/BaTiO3/Nb:SrTiO3 ferroelectric tunnel junction (FTJ) with the fastest operation speed (600 ps) and the highest number of states (32 states or 5 bits) per cell among the reported FTJs. The sub-nanosecond resistive switching maintains up to 358 K, and the write current density is as low as 4 × 103 A cm−2. The functionality of spike-timing-dependent plasticity served as a solid synaptic device is also obtained with ultrafast operation. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that a Nb:SrTiO3 electrode with a higher carrier concentration and a metal electrode with lower work function tend to improve the operation speed. These results may throw light on the way for overcoming the storage performance gap between different levels of the memory hierarchy and developing ultrafast neuromorphic computing systems.
A single-progenitor model as the unifying paradigm of epidermal and esophageal epithelial maintenance in mice
Authors: Piedrafita Gabriel , Kostiou Vasiliki , Wabik Agnieszka , Colom Bartomeu , Fernandez-Antoran David , Herms Albert , Murai Kasumi , Hall Benjamin A. , Jones Philip H.
Published: March 2020

In adult skin epidermis and the epithelium lining the esophagus cells are constantly shed from the tissue surface and replaced by cell division. Tracking genetically labelled cells in transgenic mice has given insight into cell behavior, but conflicting models appear consistent with the results. Here, we use an additional transgenic assay to follow cell division in mouse esophagus and the epidermis at multiple body sites. We find that proliferating cells divide at a similar rate, and place bounds on the distribution cell cycle times. By including these results in a common analytic approach, we show that data from eight lineage tracing experiments is consistent with tissue maintenance by a single population of proliferating cells. The outcome of a given cell division is unpredictable but, on average, the likelihood of producing proliferating and differentiating cells is equal, ensuring cellular homeostasis. These findings are key to understanding squamous epithelial homeostasis and carcinogenesis.
On-the-fly active learning of interpretable Bayesian force fields for atomistic rare events
Authors: Vandermause Jonathan , Torrisi Steven B. , Batzner Simon , Xie Yu , Sun Lixin , Kolpak Alexie M. , Kozinsky Boris
Published: March 2020

Machine learned force fields typically require manual construction of training sets consisting of thousands of first principles calculations, which can result in low training efficiency and unpredictable errors when applied to structures not represented in the training set of the model. This severely limits the practical application of these models in systems with dynamics governed by important rare events, such as chemical reactions and diffusion. We present an adaptive Bayesian inference method for automating the training of interpretable, low-dimensional, and multi-element interatomic force fields using structures drawn on the fly from molecular dynamics simulations. Within an active learning framework, the internal uncertainty of a Gaussian process regression model is used to decide whether to accept the model prediction or to perform a first principles calculation to augment the training set of the model. The method is applied to a range of single- and multi-element systems and shown to achieve a favorable balance of accuracy and computational efficiency, while requiring a minimal amount of ab initio training data. We provide a fully open-source implementation of our method, as well as a procedure to map trained models to computationally efficient tabulated force fields.
RAB5A and TRAPPC6B are novel targets for Shiga toxin 2a inactivation in kidney epithelial cells
Authors: Kouzel Ivan U. , Kehl Alexander , Berger Petya , Liashkovich Ivan , Steil Daniel , Makalowski Wojciech , Suzuki Yutaka , Pohlentz Gottfried , Karch Helge , Mellmann Alexander , Müthing Johannes
Published: March 2020

The cardinal virulence factor of human-pathogenic enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is Shiga toxin (Stx), which causes severe extraintestinal complications including kidney failure by damaging renal endothelial cells. In EHEC pathogenesis, the disturbance of the kidney epithelium by Stx becomes increasingly recognised, but how this exactly occurs is unknown. To explore this molecularly, we investigated the Stx receptor content and transcriptomic profile of two human renal epithelial cell lines: highly Stx-sensitive ACHN cells and largely Stx-insensitive Caki-2 cells. Though both lines exhibited the Stx receptor globotriaosylceramide, RNAseq revealed strikingly different transcriptomic responses to an Stx challenge. Using RNAi to silence factors involved in ACHN cells’ Stx response, the greatest protection occurred when silencing RAB5A and TRAPPC6B, two host factors that we newly link to Stx trafficking. Silencing these factors alongside YKT6 fully prevented the cytotoxic Stx effect. Overall, our approach reveals novel subcellular targets for potential therapies against Stx-mediated kidney failure.
First evidence of anticancer and antimicrobial activity in Mediterranean mesopelagic species
Authors: Lauritano Chiara , Martínez Kevin A. , Battaglia Pietro , Granata Antonia , de la Cruz Mercedes , Cautain Bastien , Martín Jesús , Reyes Fernando , Ianora Adrianna , Guglielmo Letterio
Published: March 2020

Mesopelagic organisms form huge biomass aggregations, supporting important pelagic trophic webs and several top predators. Although some studies on the occurrence, biology and ecology of these organisms are available, to date there are no investigations on their potential use for anticancer and antimicrobial biotechnological applications. The aim of this study was to screen extracts of seven mesopelagic species for possible anticancer (Lung cell line A549, skin cell line A2058, liver cell line HepG2, breast cell line MCF7 and pancreas cell line MiaPaca-2) and antibacterial (Gram-negative bacteriaEscherichia coliandKlebsiella pneumoniae, the Gram-positive bacteria methicillin resistant/sensitiveStaphylococcus aureus, andMycobacterium tuberculosis) activities. Results showed that only two species were active, the lanternfishMyctophum punctatumand the Mediterranean krillMeganyctiphanes norvegica. In particular,M. punctatumshowed strong activity against the A549 and MCF7 cells, whileM. norvegicawas more active against HepG2 cells. Regarding antibacterial assays, both species were active against methicillin resistantS. aureus. Fractionation and LC/MS dereplication of the fractions showed that the main compounds found in extracts of both species were EPA, DHA and ETA. For some of the detected compounds anticancer and/or antibacterial activity are already known, but this is the first time that such activities have been found for mesopelagic species.
Author Correction: Evaluation of T1 relaxation time in prostate cancer and benign prostate tissue using a Modified Look-Locker inversion recovery sequence
Authors: Baur Alexander D. J. , Hansen Carla M. , Rogasch Julian , Posch Helena , Elezkurtaj Sefer , Maxeiner Andreas , Erb-Eigner Katharina , Makowski Marcus R.
Published: March 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Outcome of liver cirrhosis patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation
Authors: Lai Chih-Cheng , Tseng Kuei-Ling , Ho Chung-Han , Chiang Shyh-Ren , Chan Khee-Siang , Chao Chien-Ming , Hsing Shu-Chen , Cheng Kuo-Chen , Chen Chin-Ming
Published: March 2020

Acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation is a major indicator of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions in cirrhotic patients and is an independent risk factor for ICU mortality. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the outcome and mortality risk factors in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) who required prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) between 2006 and 2013 from two databases: Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) and a hospital database. The hospital database yielded 58 LC patients (mean age: 65.3 years; men: 65.5%). The in-hospital mortality was significantly higher than in patients without LC. Based on the NHIRD database of PMV cases, patients were age-gender matched in a ratio of 1:2 for patients with and without LC. Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score was calculated. The mortality was higher in patients with LC (19.5%) than those without LC (18.12%), though not statistically significant (p = 0.0622). Based on the hospital database, risk factor analysis revealed that patients who died had significant higher MELD score than the survivors (18.9 vs 13.7, p = 0.036) and patients with MELD score of >23 had higher risk of mortality than patients with MELD score of ≤23 (adjusted OR:9.26, 95% CI: 1.96–43.8). In conclusion, the in-hospital mortality of patients with high MELD scores who required PMV was high. MELD scores may be useful predictors of mortality in these patients.
Epigenome-wide association study for perceived discrimination among sub-Saharan African migrants in Europe - the RODAM study
Authors: van der Laan Loes C. , Meeks Karlijn A. C. , Chilunga Felix P. , Agyemang Charles , Venema Andrea , Mannens Marcel M. A. M. , Zafarmand Mohammad H. , Klipstein-Grobusch Kerstin , Smeeth Liam , Adeyemo Adebowale , Henneman Peter
Published: March 2020

Sub-Saharan African (SSA) migrants in Europe experience psychosocial stressors, such as perceived discrimination (PD). The effect of such a stressor on health could potentially be mediated via epigenetics. In this study we performed an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) to assess the association between levels of PD with genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in SSA migrants. The Illumina 450 K DNA-methylation array was used on whole blood samples of 340 Ghanaian adults residing in three European cities from the cross-sectional Research on Obesity and Diabetes among African Migrants (RODAM) study. PD was assessed using sum scores of the Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS). Differentially methylated positions and regions (DMPs and DMRs) were identified through linear regression analysis. Two hypo-methylated DMPs, namely cg13986138 (CYFIP1) and cg10316525(ANKRD63), were found to be associated with PD. DMR analysis identified 47 regions associated with the PD. To the best of our knowledge, this survey is the first EWAS for PD in first generation SSA migrants. We identified two DMPs associated with PD. Whether these associations underlie a consequence or causal effect within the scope of biological functionality needs additional research.
Optimal Timing of Radiotherapy Following Gross Total or Subtotal Resection of Glioblastoma: A Real-World Assessment using the National Cancer Database
Authors: Buszek Samantha M. , Al Feghali Karine A. , Elhalawani Hesham , Chevli Neil , Allen Pamela K. , Chung Caroline
Published: March 2020

Treatment for glioblastoma (GBM) includes surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy. The optimal time interval between surgery and RT remains unclear. The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried for patients with GBM. Overall survival (OS) was estimated using Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests. Univariate (UVA) and multivariable Cox regression (MVA) modeling was used to determine predictors of OS. A total of 45,942 patients were included. On MVA: younger age, female gender, black ethnicity, higher KPS, obtaining a gross total resection (GTR), MGMT promoter-methylated gene status, unifocal disease, higher RT dose, and RT delay of 4–8 weeks had improved OS. Patients who underwent a subtotal resection (STR) had worsened survival with RT delay ≤4 weeks and patients with GTR had worsened survival when RT was delayed >8 weeks. This analysis suggests that an interval of 4–8 weeks between resection and RT results in better survival. Delays >8 weeks in patients with a GTR and delays <4 weeks in patients with a STR/biopsy resulted in worse survival. This impact of time delay from surgery to RT, in conjunction with extent of resection, should be considered in the clinical management of patients and future designs of clinical trials.
Impaired bile acid metabolism with defectives of mitochondrial-tRNA taurine modification and bile acid taurine conjugation in the taurine depleted cats
Authors: Miyazaki Teruo , Sasaki Sei-Ich , Toyoda Atsushi , Wei Fan-Yan , Shirai Mutsumi , Morishita Yukio , Ikegami Tadashi , Tomizawa Kazuhito , Honda Akira
Published: March 2020

Taurine that conjugates with bile acid (BA) and mitochondrial-tRNA (mt-tRNA) is a conditional essential amino acid in humans, similarly to cats. To better understand the influence of acquired depletion of taurine on BA metabolism, the profiling of BAs and its intermediates, BA metabolism-enzyme expression, and taurine modified mt-tRNAs were evaluated in the taurine deficient diet-supplemented cats. In the taurine depleted cats, taurine-conjugated bile acids in bile and taurine-modified mt-tRNA in liver were significantly decreased, whereas unconjugated BA in serum was markedly increased. Impaired bile acid metabolism in the liver was induced accompanied with the decreases of mitochondrial cholesterol 27-hydroxylase expression and mitochondrial activity. Consequently, total bile acid concentration in bile was significantly decreased by the low activity of mitochondrial bile acid synthesis. These results implied that the insufficient dietary taurine intake causes impaired bile acid metabolism, and in turn, a risk for the various diseases similar to the mitochondrial diseases would be enhanced.
NORFA, long intergenic noncoding RNA, maintains sow fertility by inhibiting granulosa cell death
Authors: Du Xing , Liu Lu , Li Qiqi , Zhang Lifan , Pan Zengxiang , Li Qifa
Published: March 2020

Long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) have been proved to be involved in regulating female reproduction. However, to what extent lincRNAs are involved in ovarian functions and fertility is incompletely understood. Here we show that a lincRNA, NORFA is involved in granulosa cell apoptosis, follicular atresia and sow fertility. We found that NORFA was down-regulated during follicular atresia, and inhibited granulosa cell apoptosis. NORFA directly interacted with miR-126 and thereby preventing it from binding to TGFBR2 3′-UTR. miR-126 enhanced granulosa cell apoptosis by attenuating NORFA-induced TGF-β signaling pathway. Importantly, a breed-specific 19-bp duplication was detected in NORFA promoter, which proved association with sow fertility through enhancing transcription activity of NORFA by recruiting transcription factor NFIX. In summary, our findings identified a candidate lincRNA for sow prolificacy, and provided insights into the mechanism of follicular atresia and female fertility.
Introduction to Bijels
Authors: Clegg P. S. , Thijssen J. H. J.
Published: March 2020

The bijel is a soft composite material with unusual characteristics that make it suitable, for example, for catalysis, filtration and electrode/electrolyte applications. The name is an acronym for bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion gel; it is a member of the family of emulsions with interfaces stabilized by colloidal particles. Conventional particle-stabilized (Pickering–Ramsden) emulsions have a dispersed liquid phase in the form of droplets and a continuous liquid phase that surrounds them. A bijel has two continuous liquid phases that are mutually entangled in a tortuous pattern, with a particle-stabilized interface between. Bijels were originally conceived in silico and conventionally fabricated by arresting the spinodal pattern of phase-separating liquids. The purpose of this chapter is to present the bijel concept as initially developed. This provides the foundation for the more recent innovations covered in subsequent chapters. We begin by putting the bijel idea in the context of the liquid-crystal research that immediately preceded it. We then explain the practicalities of making bijels, the processing route and the characteristics of the final samples. We briefly mention related research on freeze-casting porous ceramics, which occurred in parallel and is another example of using a phase transition in a host solvent to structure colloidal particles. Finally, we highlight some very recent research on carboxysomes, where self-organization driven by phase transition kinetics is being used in a very different context.
Bicontinuous Interfacially Jammed Emulsions (Bijels) in Geometrical Confinement
Authors: Millett Paul C.
Published: March 2020

As our fundamental understanding of bijel systems in bulk has matured over the years, some researchers are now interested in exploring the effects of geometrical confinement on bijel morphology. Geometrical confinement introduces two influencing factors of note: (1) interactions with an external surface or surfaces and (2) a reduction in available volume in one or more dimensions. This chapter reviews this emerging sub-topic in the field of bijel research, including a relevant survey of surface-directed spinodal decomposition, as well as the experimental and theoretical studies to date that focus on bijels in geometrical confinement. Current studies have revealed interesting and technologically relevant bijel systems in thin-film and spherical droplet formats. Yet, the scope of this sub-topic field is far from being fully explored, with rich possibilities for varying the interactions with confining surfaces, as well as the bijel composition and finally the nature of the geometrical confinement, all of which can potentially lead to unique morphologies and applications.
The Effect of Nanoparticles on the Oil–Water Interfacial Tension in the Presence of Nonionic Surfactants
Authors: Katiyar Parul , Singh Jayant K.
Published: March 2020

Combining nanoparticles and surfactants has become increasingly important in recent approaches to bijel fabrication. This chapter illustrates the effect of silica nanoparticles (NPs) in combination with nonionic surfactants on the oil–water interfacial tension (IFT). Results from experiments and molecular dynamic simulations, mainly from our group, are summarized in this chapter. The interfacial tension of the oil−water system containing nonionic surfactants increases in the presence of silica NPs. The effect of silica nanoparticles on the diffusion and adsorption mechanism of the surfactant is analysed using different analytical models. Using coarse-grain molecular dynamics simulations it is observed that silica NPs in the absence of surfactant do not affect the oil–water IFT. However, depending on the amount of the surfactant adsorbed on the surface of the NPs, silica NPs may or may not affect the IFT values. The oil–water IFT increases with increasing amount of adsorption of the nonionic surfactant on the NPs. The cause of this adsorption is explained by atomistic molecular dynamics simulations.
New mechanistic pathways for the formation of organosulfates catalyzed by ammonia and carbinolamine formation catalyzed by sulfuric acid in the atmosphere
Authors: Tan Xing-Feng , Zhang Lin , Long Bo
Published: March 2020

Sulfuric acid exerts a remarkable catalytic role in the H2SO4+ HCHO + NH3reaction that leads to the formation of carbinolamine.
Identification of marker proteins of muscular dystrophy in the urine proteome from the mdx-4cv model of dystrophinopathy
Authors: Gargan Stephen , Dowling Paul , Zweyer Margit , Swandulla Dieter , Ohlendieck Kay
Published: March 2020

Proteomic analysis of urine from the mdx-4cv model of dystrophinopathy establishes a large number of non-invasive markers of muscle degeneration.
Ligand-free gold nanoclusters confined in mesoporous silica nanoparticles for styrene epoxidation
Authors: Al-Shankiti Buthainah , Al-Maksoud Walid , Habeeb Muhammed Madathumpady Abubaker , Anjum Dalaver H. , Moosa Basem , Basset Jean-Marie , Khashab Niveen M.
Published: March 2020

We present a novel approach to produce gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) in the pores of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) by sequential and controlled addition of metal ions and reducing agents.
(Ba,Sr)LaZnTaO6:Mn4+ far red emitting phosphors for plant growth LEDs: structure and photoluminescence properties
Authors: Huang Dayu , Dang Peipei , Xiao Xiao , Bai Biao , Lian Hongzhou , Zeng Qingguang , Lin Jun
Published: March 2020

Application of (Ba,Sr)LaZnTaO6:Mn4+ far red light emitting LEDs in plant lighting
Inkjet-printed graphene Hall mobility measurements and low-frequency noise characterization
Authors: Calabrese Gabriele , Pimpolari Lorenzo , Conti Silvia , Mavier Fabrice , Majee Subimal , Worsley Robyn , Wang Zihao , Pieri Francesco , Basso Giovanni , Pennelli Giovanni , Parvez Khaled , Brooks David , Macucci Massimo , Iannaccone Giuseppe , Novoselov Kostya S. , Casiraghi Cinzia , Fiori Gianluca
Published: March 2020

Inkjet printed graphene is in-depth investigated by means of Hall mobility measurements, low-temperature magnetoresistance analysis, and low frequency noise characterization.
Stimuli-responsive graphene-based hydrogel driven by disruption of triazine hydrophobic interactions
Authors: Leganés Jorge , Sánchez-Migallón Ana , Merino Sonia , Vázquez Ester
Published: March 2020

The study reported here concerns the preparation of a novel graphene-diaminotriazine (G-DAT) nanocomposite hydrogel for application in the drug delivery field.
From simple Katritzky salts to AIEgens: mechanochromic luminescence and heparin detection
Authors: Lin Faxu , Feng Yang , Liu Xiaoqing , Wang Lei , Yu Zhen-Qiang , Liu Yi
Published: March 2020

A series of novel AIEgens based on Katritzky pyridinium salts were readily synthesized and exhibited interesting aggregation-induced emission behaviors, remarkable mechanochromic luminescence, and promising heparin detection.
Dual signal amplification for microRNA-21 detection based on duplex-specific nuclease and invertase
Authors: Huang Xitong , Xu Zhiming , Liu Ji-Hua , Yu Bo-Yang , Tian Jiangwei
Published: March 2020

A portable and sensitive method based on duplex-specific nuclease and MBs–DNA–Inv conjugate has been developed for miRNA-21 detection by using a personal glucose meter as the signal collector.
An intrinsically stretchable and compressible Zn–air battery
Authors: Wang Yueyang , Liu Jie , Feng Yuping , Nie Ningyuan , Hu Mengmeng , Wang Jiaqi , Pan Guangxing , Zhang Jiaheng , Huang Yan
Published: March 2020

An intrinsically 300% stretchable and 85% compressible Zn–air rechargeable battery with good electrochemical performances was fabricated for the first time.
Isolation and characterization of a lithiated pyridine – aggregation in the solid state and in solution
Authors: Schmidlin Nadja M. C. , Scherer Harald , Hoffmann Anke , Böttcher Tobias
Published: March 2020

The synthesis, isolation and characterization of the pyridyllithium compound 4-Li-2,6-Mes2py is reported. The crystal structure determination revealed a dimer in the solid state. In solution the pyridyllithium was identified as a monomer.
Yields of primary species in the low-linear energy transfer radiolysis of water in the temperature range of 25–700 °C
Authors: Sultana Abida , Meesungnoen Jintana , Jay-Gerin Jean-Paul
Published: March 2020

Monte Carlo track chemistry simulations were used to calculate the yields (G values) for the radical (eaq−, H˙, ˙OH) and molecular (H2, H2O2) species formed in low-LET water radiolysis from ∼1 ps to 1 ms between 25 and 700 °C, at 25 MPa pressure.
Playing the blues, the greens and the reds with cellulose-based structural colours
Authors: Chagas Ricardo , Silva Pedro E. S. , Fernandes Susete N. , Žumer Slobodan , Godinho Maria Helena
Published: March 2020

Cellulose-based liquid crystalline solutions: diffusion–reaction mechanisms responsible for unexpected sequence of structural colours.
A non-phosgene process for bioderived polycarbonate with high molecular weight and advanced property profile synthesized using amino acid ionic liquids as catalysts
Authors: Zhang Zhencai , Xu Fei , Zhang Yaqin , Li Chenhao , He Hongyan , Yang Zifeng , Li Zengxi
Published: March 2020

Bio-based polycarbonate with high molecular weight and advanced property profile was synthesized using amino acid ionic liquids as catalysts.
Ligand assisted swelling–deswelling microencapsulation (LASDM) for stable, color tunable perovskite–polymer composites
Authors: He Juan , He Ziqian , Towers Andrew , Zhan Tao , Chen Hao , Zhou Le , Zhang Caicai , Chen Ran , Sun Ted , Gesquiere Andre J. , Wu Shin-Tson , Dong Yajie
Published: March 2020

A ligand-assisted swelling–deswelling microencapsulation strategy is proposed to enable full-color perovskite–polymer composites with unprecedented environmental stability and optical density tunability.
A gate-tunable symmetric bipolar junction transistor fabricatedviafemtosecond laser processing
Authors: Su Bao-Wang , Yao Bin-Wei , Zhang Xi-Lin , Huang Kai-Xuan , Li De-Kang , Guo Hao-Wei , Li Xiao-Kuan , Chen Xu-Dong , Liu Zhi-Bo , Tian Jian-Guo
Published: March 2020

A bipolar junction transistor with good amplification output and gate tunable photocurrent gain has been conveniently fabricated by femtosecond laser processing.
3D printing of cellular materials for advanced electrochemical energy storage and conversion
Authors: Tian Xiaocong , Zhou Kun
Published: March 2020

This article provides a comprehensive overview of 3D-printed cellular materials for advanced electrochemical energy storage and conversion applications.
A high-performance silicon photoanode enabled by oxygen vacancy modulation on NiOOH electrocatalyst for water oxidation
Authors: Cai Qian , Hong Wenting , Jian Chuanyong , Liu Wei
Published: March 2020

NiFe nanoparticles which are deposited onto the n-Si/Ni/NiOOH photoanode surface lead to high OER performance by acting as a co-catalyst and creating oxygen vacancies.
Regulation of cis and trans microstructures of isoprene units in alternating copolymers via “space-limited” living species in anionic polymerization
Authors: Ma Qingchi , Leng Xuefei , Han Li , Liu Pibo , Li Chao , Zhang Songbo , Lei Lan , Ma Hongwei , Li Yang
Published: March 2020

Space-limited living species provide new insight into the regulation of the microstructure of isoprene units in alternating copolymers composed of isoprene and 1,1-bis(4-dimethylsilylphenyl)ethylene (DPE-2SiH).
Synthesis and biological evaluation of suffrutines A, B and their N-fused analogues
Authors: Zhu Zefeng , Chen Chun , Jiang Jingxing , Zhang Qianzhong , Du Zhibo , Wei Shuxian , Song Xianheng , Tang Jie , Lei Jinping , Ke Zhuofeng , Zou Yong
Published: March 2020

The synthesis, structure confirmation, stability and isomerization features of suffrutines A, B and their N-fused analogues were reported. Biological tests showed that the introduction of nitrogen atom might be beneficial to the anticancer activity.
Fabrication of high B-doped ordered mesoporous carbon with 4-hydroxyphenylborate phenolic resin for supercapacitor electrode materials
Authors: Zhang Yan , Qi Fengsong , Liu Yujian
Published: March 2020

The HPB-OMCs, with 3.96 wt% boron-doped and well-ordered structure, show a much high specific capacitance of 183 F g−1 at the current density of 1 A g−1 and ideal electrochemical performances.
Translational incorporation of modified phenylalanines and tyrosines during cell-free protein synthesis
Authors: Wang Zhongqiang , Matthews Hayden
Published: March 2020

E. coli wild-type translational machinery utilizes a range of nonproteinogenic amino acids for protein synthesis with incorporation levels greater than 95%.
Urban road traffic condition forecasting based on sparse ride‐hailing service data
Authors: Jia Ruo , Li Zhekang , Xia Yan , Zhu Jiayan , Ma Nan , Chai Hua , Liu Zhiyuan
Published: March 2020

Traffic flows of the urban transport system are randomly influenced by many internal/external factors, which bring in a huge challenge to accurately forecasting road conditions. This study combines the CANDECOMP/PARAFAC weighted optimisation and diffusion convolution gated recurrent unit (DCGRU) models to conduct the traffic condition forecasting based on the sparse ride‐hailing service data. A data completion method based on the tensor decomposition is modified by adding factor tensor in the regular terms, which contains the characteristics of weekday, time period, road segment. Subsequently, the DCGRU model of multiclass predicting is adopted in the data set to predict the traffic conditions. A numerical experiment is conducted based on the one‐month ride‐hailing service data, collected around the Nanjing South railway station. The predicting results indicate that the method in this study outperforms other traditional models in different tested traffic conditions.
Mathematical analysis of a diffusive predator-prey model with herd behavior and prey escaping
Authors: Souna Fethi , Djilali Salih , Charif Fayssal
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we consider a new approach of prey escaping from herd in a predator-prey model with the presence of spatial diffusion. First, the sensitivity of the equilibrium state density with respect to the escaping rate has been studied. Then, the analysis of the non diffusive system was investigated where boundedness, local, global stability, Hopf bifurcation are obtained. Besides, for the diffusive system, we proved the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation and the non existence of diffusion driven instability. Furthermore, the direction of Hopf bifurcation has been proved using the normal form on the center manifold. Some numerical simulations have been used to illustrate the obtained results.
Management gastrointestinaler Blutungen unter Antikoagulation
Authors: Meier Benjamin , Wolpert Christian , Caca Karel
Published: March 2020

Die endoskopische Therapie bei gastrointestinalen Blutungen ist hoch effektiv und sicher, auch unter Einnahme von Antikoagulanzien. Das technische Vorgehen unterscheidet sich nicht vom Vorgehen bei fehlender Einnahme von Antikoagulanzien, wobei z. B. der Stellenwert einer primären OTSC („over-the-scope clip“, Ovesco Endoscopy)-Applikation bei Hochrisikopatienten noch untersucht werden muss. Das Management der Antikoagulation unterscheidet sich zwischen den unterschiedlichen Präparaten und der zugrundeliegenden Indikation und muss dem individuellen Risiko angepasst werden. Thrombozytenaggregationshemmer sollten maximal für die Intervention pausiert und früh wieder verabreicht werden. Das Management unter dualer Plättchenhemmung oder Triple-Therapie ist zwingend interdisziplinär abzusprechen. Bei Niedrigrisikosituation kann die duale Therapie in der Regel fortgeführt werden. Bei vitaler Blutung unter Vollantikoagulation ist eine Antagonisierung empfohlen, bei nicht vitaler Blutung ist diese abhängig vom endoskopischen Erfolg. Die Vollantikoagulation sollte frühestmöglich, in der Regel nach ca. 7 Tagen, wieder aufgenommen werden (Ausnahmen: mechanische Herzklappen, frisch implantierte Bioklappen, sehr hohes Thromboembolierisiko).
Quantitative Analysis of Prenylated Constituents in Commercial Hops Samples Using Ultrahigh-Performance Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
Authors: Schretter Carmen , Langeder Julia , Freisinger Victoria , Rollinger Judith M. , Grienke Ulrike
Published: March 2020

The importance of hops (the flowers of Humulus lupulus) as food and an herbal remedy is reflected by a large number of analytical methods published. However, supercritical fluid chromatography, a highly efficient, rapid, and “green” separation technique, has not been considered for hops samples so far. This prompted us to establish the first supercritical fluid chromatography-based protocol for the separation, identification, and quantitation of five prenylated constituents of hops. Hulupinic acid (

1), a prominent oxidation product of hop acids, three flavanones, i.e., 8-prenylnaringenin (

2), 6-prenylnaringenin (

3), and isoxanthohumol (

4), as well as the chalcone xanthohumol (

5) could be baseline separated in less than 5 minutes using a Viridis BEH 2-EP column (3.0 × 100 mm; 1.7 µm particle size) and a mobile phase consisting of CO2 and isopropanol. Good results regarding selectivity, accuracy (recovery rates: 85.0 – 113.1%), precision (intra-day ≤ 2.1%, inter-day ≤ 3.5%), and linearity (R2 ≥ 0.99) were obtained for both photodiode array and mass detection. The lowest detection limit at 220 nm was at 0.1 µg/mL (

1, 3, and

4), with mass detection even at 0.001 µg/mL (

4). As an application example of the validated method, the five hops constituents were quantified in three dietary supplements, one herbal medicinal product, and two batches of hop flowers (Lupuli flos). In most samples analyzed, the major component was

5 (0.01 – 1.02%), whereas the major component in Lupuli flos samples was compound

1 (0.12 – 0.21%). This protocol offers a fast and environmentally friendly alternative to liquid chromatography for the quality control of hops.
Multiple Ligament Knee Injuries: Does the Knee Dislocation Classification Predict the Type of Surgical Management?
Authors: Maxwell Garrett T. , Warth Ryan J. , Amin Adeet , Darlow Matthew A. , Bailey Lane , Lowe Walter R. , Harner Christopher D.
Published: March 2020

This study aims to evaluate relationships among multiple ligament knee injury (MLKI) patterns as classified according to the knee dislocation (KD) classification and the types of surgical management pursued. We hypothesized that the KD classification would not be predictive of the types of surgical management, and that categorizing injuries according to additional injury features such as structure, chronicity, grade, and topographic location would be predictive of the types of surgical management. This is a Retrospective cohort study. This study was conducted at a level I trauma center with a 150-mile coverage radius. Query of our billing database was performed using combinations of 43 billing codes (International Classification of Diseases [ICD] 9, ICD-10, and Current Procedural Terminology) to identify patients from 2011 to 2015 who underwent operative management for MLKIs. There were operative or nonoperative treatment for individual ligamentous injuries, repair, or reconstruction of individual ligamentous injuries, and staging or nonstaging or nonstaging of each surgical procedure. The main outcome was the nature and timing of clinical management for specific ligamentous injury patterns. In total, 287 patients were included in this study; there were 199 males (69.3%), the mean age was 30.2 years (SD: 14.0), and the mean BMI was 28.8 kg/m2 (SD: 7.4). There were 212 injuries (73.9%) categorized as either KD-I or KD-V. The KD classification alone was not predictive of surgery timing, staging, or any type of intervention for any injured ligament (p > 0.05). Recategorization of injury patterns according to structure, chronicity, grade, and location revealed the following: partial non-ACL injuries were more frequently repaired primarily (p < 0.001), distal medial-sided injuries were more frequently treated operatively than proximal medial-sided injuries (odds ratio [OR] = 24.7; p <0.0001), and staging was more frequent for combined PCL-lateral injuries (OR = 1.3; p = 0.003) and nonavulsive fractures (OR = 1.2; p = 0.0009). The KD classification in isolation was not predictive of any surgical management strategy. Surgical management was predictable when specifying the grade and topographic location of each ligamentous injury. This is a Level IV, retrospective cohort study.
Effect of Low-Dose Dexmedetomidine on the Anesthetic and Recovery Profile of Sevoflurane-Based Anesthesia in Patients Presenting for Supratentorial Neurosurgeries: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Prathapadas Unnikrishnan , Hrishi Ajay Prasad , Appavoo Arulvelan , Vimala Smita , Sethuraman Manikandan
Published: March 2020

Background Dexmedetomidine could be a suitable adjuvant in neuroanesthesia due to its analgesic and anesthetic-sparing properties with the added advantage of facilitating intraoperative neuromonitoring. However, its recovery profile is still debated upon, as in neuroanesthesia, a prompt recovery is essential for postoperative neurologic assessment. We designed this study to evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on the anesthetic and recovery profile of patients presenting for supratentorial neurosurgeries.

Materials and Methods Forty adult patients undergoing supratentorial surgeries were recruited in this prospective, randomized, double-blinded study and were divided into two groups: group S and group SD. Both groups received sevoflurane and fentanyl for maintenance, whereas group SD alone received a low dose of dexmedetomidine infusion. Recovery parameters, opioid consumption, Richmond Agitation–Sedation Scale (RASS) and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, incidence of nausea and vomiting, and intraoperative hemodynamics were analyzed.

Results  There were no statistically significant differences between the groups S and SD in case of recovery parameters—time taken (in minutes, presented as median with interquartile range [IQR]) for (1) eye-opening to command: 9.5 (8–18) versus 22.5 (5–47.5) (p = 0.414); 2) following verbal command: 10.5 (8.25–29.5) versus 25 (10–28.75) (p = 0.512); (3) extubation: 11 (9.25–22) versus 25 (10–30) (p = 0.277); and (4) getting oriented to place, time, and date: 23 (20–52.75) versus 27.5 (25–36.5) (p = 0.121). Fentanyl consumption was significantly less in group SD (451 ± 39.3) versus group S (524.3 ± 144.1) (p = 0.034). The median RASS score with IQR and the median VAS scores with IQR were comparable between the groups at all time points. Of the 20 patients in group S, 5 had complaints of nausea and vomiting compared with none in the group SD, although it was not statistically significant. The hemodynamic parameters did not show a significant difference between the groups except for a surge in mean arterial pressure at 30 minutes in group S.

Conclusion Low-dose dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to sevoflurane- and fentanyl-based anesthesia could provide stable hemodynamics and lesser anesthetics and opioid consumption, without adversely affecting the recovery profile in patients undergoing supratentorial neurosurgical procedures.
Metabolic Disorders Presenting with Seizures in the Neonatal Period
Authors: Brimble Elise , Ruzhnikov Maura R.Z.
Published: March 2020

Metabolic disorders represent rare but often treatable causes of seizures and epilepsy of neonatal onset. As seizures are relatively common in the neonatal period, systemic clues to a specific diagnosis may be lacking or shrouded by acute illness. An important role of the consulting pediatric neurologist is to identify neonates with a possible metabolic or otherwise genetic diagnosis. In this review, the authors describe presenting signs and symptoms, a diagnostic framework, and disorder-specific treatment options for inborn errors of metabolism that may present in the neonatal period. Specific attention is given to the neurologic aspects of each condition, including the electroclinical phenotype and findings on brain imaging. As expedited diagnosis and prompt initiation of available therapies have been demonstrated to result in improved epilepsy and developmental outcomes, this work acts as a framework to guide evaluation when an inherited metabolic disorder is suspected. In addition to informing treatment, a definitive diagnosis allows for appropriate counseling regarding prognosis, any associated screening or preventive measures, and family planning.
Hidden hyperchaotic attractors in a new 4D fractional order system and its synchronization
Authors: Li Ke , Cao Jianxiong , He Jin-Man
Published: March 2020

The research of finding hidden attractors in nonlinear dynamical systems has attracted much consideration because of its practical and theoretical importance. A new fractional order four-dimensional system, which can exhibit some hidden hyperchaotic attractors, is proposed in this paper. The predictor–corrector method of the Adams–Bashforth–Moulton algorithm and the parameter switching algorithm are used to numerically study this system. It is interesting that three different kinds of hidden hyperchaotic attractors with two positive Lyapunov exponents are found, and the fractional order system can have a line of equilibria, no equilibrium point, or only one stable equilibrium point. Moreover, a self-excited attractor is also recognized with the change of its parameters. Finally, the synchronization behavior is studied by using a linear feedback control method.
Caloric effects around phase transitions in magnetic materials described by ab initio theory: The electronic glue and fluctuating local moments
Authors: Mendive-Tapia Eduardo , Staunton Julie B.
Published: March 2020

We describe magneto-, baro-, and elastocaloric effects (MCEs, BCEs, and eCEs) in materials, which possess both discontinuous (first-order) and continuous (second-order) magnetic phase transitions. Our ab initio theory of the interacting electrons of materials in terms of disordered local moments has produced explicit mechanisms for the drivers of these transitions, and here, we study associated caloric effects in three case studies where both types of transition are evident. Our earlier work had described FeRh’s magnetic phase diagram and large MCE. Here, we present calculations of its substantial BCE and eCE. We describe the MCE of dysprosium and find very good agreement with experimental values for isothermal entropy (ΔSiso) and adiabatic temperature (ΔTad) changes over a large temperature span and different applied magnetic field values. We examine the conditions for optimal values of both ΔSiso and ΔTad that comply with a Clausius–Clapeyron analysis, which we use to propose a promising elastocaloric cooling cycle arising from the unusual dependence of the entropy on temperature and biaxial strain found in our third case study—the Mn3GaN antiperovskite. We explain how both ΔSiso and ΔTad can be kept large by exploiting the complex tensile strain–temperature magnetic phase diagram, which we had earlier predicted for this material and also propose that hysteresis effects will be absent from half of the caloric cycle. This rich and complex behavior stems from the frustrated nature of the interactions among the Mn local moments.