bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acceptability of neural stem cell therapy for cerebral palsy: survey of the Australian cerebral palsy community
Authors: Smith Madeleine Jane , Finch-Edmondson Megan , Miller Suzanne L , Webb Annabel , Fahey Michael C , Jenkin Graham , Paton Madison CB , McDonald Courtney A
Published: August 2022

Background: Neural stem cells (NSCs) have the potential to engraft and replace damaged brain tissue, repairing the damaged neonatal brain that causes cerebral palsy (CP). There are procedures that could increase engraftment of NSCs and may be critical for efficacy, but hold notable risks. Before clinical trials progress, it is important to engage with the CP community to understand their opinions. The aim of this study was to determine the acceptability of NSC therapy for CP in the CP community.Methods: Australian residents with CP and parents/carers of those with CP completed a questionnaire to determine their willingness to use NSCs from three sources (fetal, embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells) and their willingness to undergo accompanying procedures (neurosurgery, immunosuppression) that carry potential risks. To further explore their views, participants also answered free text questions about their ethical concerns regarding the source of NSCs and their perceptions of meaningful outcomes following NSC treatment.Results: In total, 232 responses were analysed. Participants were willing to use NSCs from all three cell sources and were willing to undergo NSC therapy despite the need for neurosurgery and immunosuppression. Participants identified a range of outcome domains considered important following NSC treatment including gross motor function, quality of life, independence and cognitive function. Conclusions: Hypothetical NSC therapy was acceptable to the Australian CP community. This study has identified important findings from the CP community which can be used to inform future NSC research, including the design of clinical trials which may help to increase recruitment, compliance and participant satisfaction.
Characterization of the immunoglobulin lambda chain locus from diverse populations reveals extensive genetic variation
Authors: Gibson William , Rodriguez Oscar , Shields Kaitlyn , Silver Catherine , Dorgham Abdullah , Emery Matthew , Deikus Gintaras , Sebra Robert , Eichler Evan , Bashir Ali , Smith Melissa , Watson Corey
Published: August 2022

Immunoglobulins (IGs), crucial components of the adaptive immune system, are encoded by three genomic loci. However, the complexity of the IG loci severely limits the effective use of short read sequencing, limiting our knowledge of population diversity in these loci. We leveraged existing long read whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data, fosmid technology, and IG targeted single-molecule, real-time (SMRT) long-read sequencing (IG-Cap) to create haplotype-resolved assemblies of the IG Lambda (IGL) locus from 6 ethnically diverse individuals. In addition, we generated 10 diploid assemblies of IGL from a diverse cohort of individuals utilizing IG-cap. From these 16 individuals, we identified significant allelic diversity, including 36 novel IGLV alleles. In addition, we observed highly elevated single nucleotide variation (SNV) in IGLV genes relative to IGL intergenic and genomic background SNV density. By comparing SNV calls between our high quality assemblies and existing short read datasets from the same individuals, we show a high propensity for false-positives in the short read datasets. Finally, for the first time, we nucleotide-resolved common 5–10 Kb duplications in the IGLC region that contain functional IGLJ and IGLC genes. Together these data represent a significant advancement in our understanding of genetic variation and population diversity in the IGL locus.
ING5 suppresses colorectal tumorigenesis and progression by blocking NF-κB and wnt/β-catenin pathways
Authors: zheng huachuan , Yu Qian , Xue Hang , Sun Hong-zhi , Min Ha-wen , Yu Da-yong , Zhang Rui , Xiao Li-jun
Published: August 2022

1. ING5 expression is down-regulated in colorectal cancer and negatively correlated with aggressive behaviors and poor prognosis. 2. ING5 overexpression might suppress aggressive phenotype but promote chemo-resistance in colorectal cancer cells. 3. Conditional deletion of ING5 in intestinal epithelial cells might increase the sensitivity to chemically induced colorectal tumorigenesis. 4. ING5 overexpression might suppress the entry of NF-κB into the nucleus for transcriptional regulation and promote β-catenin ubiquitination by forming APC-ING5-β-catenin complex in colorectal cancer cells.
Plant-based green fabrication of S-scheme CuO/CdO/bentonite heterojunction with enhanced photocatalytic performance for degradation of levofloxacin
Authors: Mahjoore Majid , Honarmand Moones , Aryafar Ahmad
Published: August 2022

In this research, for the first time, CuO and CdO nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized and anchored on layered bentonite using Ferula persica in the interest of developing a novel S-scheme nano-heterojunction (denoted as CuO-CdO-BT). Ferula persica acted as a naturally-sourced reducing agent and stabilizer for the synthesis of NPs. The performance of CuO-CdO-BT was evaluated for the degradation of levofloxacin from aqueous solution under sunlight. The bentonite as a support not only reduced the agglomeration of CuO and CdO NPs, but also decreased the size of biosynthesized NPs, which in turn increased the active surface of NPs and the photodegardation efficiency. The effect of operational reaction system variables was examined in an attempt to optimize the photocatalytic capability of CuO-CdO-BT. Under optimum conditions (catalyst dosage = 0.4 g/L, LVF concentration = 10 mg/L and pH = 8), 96.11% of levofloxacin was degraded using CuO-CdO-BT after 30 min with degradation kinetic of 0.108 min− 1, which was about 2.4 and 4.2 times higher than those of bare CuO and CdO NPs, respectively. The prominent role of superoxide radicals (\({\text{O}}_{2}^{\bullet -})\) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) was determined in the photocatalytic reaction by the radical quenching experiments. The possible levofloxacin pathways were suggested based on the HPLC-MS analysis. High stability was demonstrated for biosynthesized photocatalyst during recycling experiments and 88.56% degradation efficiency was obtained after three cycles of photodegradation. The unique structural features of the new generation of S-scheme heterojunction and green synthesis of NPs using plant provide promising photocatalysts with synergistic features to improve wastewater treatment.
On The Profiling of Air Leakage Infiltration Pattern across Chinese Vernacular Buildings
Authors: Egwunatum Samuel I. , Akpezi Udubra E. , Otasowie Osamudiamen K. , Awodele Imole A.
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this paper is to provide understanding on the seasonal pattern of air leakage (infiltration) in Chinese Vernacular buildings across China’s five climate regions. In achieving the set purpose, a grand extensive literature survey was conducted and supported with data drawn from established Meteonorm V6.1 on sensible heat and psychrometric variables. Numerical computations for normalized and specific infiltration from stack effects followed the Gowri method in line with ASHRAE reference 2004. Solar energy admittance into building followed the Bouger’s Model form Angstrom properties. From the distribution of vernacular buildings across five climate regions of China, evidence from computational and numerical values showed symmetries in terms of minimums and maximums times of occurrence. Further, a reciprocal pattern exists between solar radiative admittance and region’s temperature profile. Knowing that Chinese vernacular building heritage extended to further Asia, this research became limited to only Chinese region. It became difficult to report if the construction culture away from China have correlation with infiltration and energy admittance value. Earlier works on Chinese climate and vernacular dwellings reported a climate responsive dwelling design by passive cooling strategy; a gap was closed by extending the previous work to specific infiltration pattern and energy admittance level. Chinese vernacular buildings by virtue of research outcome are and should be adoptable to modern housing needs for cultural integration.
Synthesis and optical properties of cobalt-doped zinc aluminate nano pigments with an average crystallite size of 8 nm
Authors: Camacho-Espinoza M. , Fernández-Osorio A. , Tapia-Montalvo M. , Chávez-Fernández J.
Published: August 2022

In this work, we report the synthesis of Zn1 − xCoxAl2O4 x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.06 nano pigments which were prepared by the coprecipitation method and heat treatment of precipitates. The samples were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction associated with the Rietveld refinement, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The optical properties of the nano pigments, color development, crystal field strength, Racah parameters, and nephelauxetic parameters were investigated using spectroscopic data. The results show that sky blue ceramic nano pigments with normal spinel structure are obtained in samples annealed at 700°C for 2h, with an average crystallite size of 8 nm, with the incorporation of a very low concentration of Co2+ in the host lattice. The band gap of the nano pigments was calculated using Kubelka–Munk derived from the diffuse reflectance spectra. These nano pigments show high thermal stability and retain their blue color in the temperature range from 700 to 1300°C. Optical absorption spectra confirmed the substitution of zinc for cobalt in the ZnAl2O4 spinel, three absorption bands in the visible region and two intense bands are observed in the ultraviolet region. Zn1 − xCoxAl2O4 x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.06 nano pigments are insoluble in water, acids and bases. Results suggest that these nano pigments are candidates for use in cosmetics.
Out-of-pocket Expenditure for Antenatal Care Instills amidst Free Health Care Provision: Evidence from a Large Pregnancy Cohort in Rural Sri Lanka
Authors: Gunarathne Sajaan Praveena , Wickramasinghe Nuwan Darshana , Agampodi Thilini Chanchala , Prasanna Indika Ruwan , Agampodi Suneth Buddhika
Published: August 2022

Background: Out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) considers a barrier to access to healthcare for pregnant women. This study aimed to estimate the magnitude and associated factors of OOPE for antenatal care (ANC) in a rural Sri Lankan setting. Methods: This study was a follow-up of a large pregnancy cohort [Rajarata Pregnancy Cohort (RaPCo)] in all 22 Medical Officers of Health areas in the Anuradhapura District, Sri Lanka. A pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic, economic, and the cost incurred in the first trimester, and self-administered questionnaires were used monthly to collect costs incurred in the second and third trimesters. In-depth financial information of 1,558 pregnant women was analyzed using descriptive statistics for the magnitude, non-parametric statistical methods for statistically significant difference, and the multiple linear regression model to test the associated factors. Results: The mean (SD)]age of the pregnant women was 28.3 (5.6) years. The mean (SD) monthly household income and expenditure were USD 277.29 (216.04) and USD 190.19 (103.11), respectively. The mean OOPE for per visit ANC was USD 4.18 (52.1% of per day household expenditure). The mean OOPE for total ANC was USD 57.74 (3.4% of annual household expenditure). The direct medical OOPE share (73.8%) was significantly higher than direct non-medical OOPE (26.2%) (p<0.001). Pregnant women who utilized only the government-free health services also spent 28% and 14% of OOPE on medicines and laboratory investigations. Monthly household income (p<0.001), monthly household expenditure (p<0.1), used healthcare mode (p<0.05), having maternal morbidities (p<0.05), and the number of previous pregnancies (p<0.1) were the statistically significant independent predictors of OOPE during ANC.Conclusion: Per visit OOPE for ANC is equivalent to half of the per day household expenditure. Monthly household income, expenditure, used healthcare mode, maternal morbidities, and the number of previous pregnancies are independent predictors of OOPE during ANC. Despite having freely available government health facilities, the majority tend to use private health facilities and incur higher OOPE. Government-free healthcare users also incur a direct medical OOPE for medicines and laboratory investigations.
Development and Evaluation of a Rapid, Specific, and Sensitive Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay to Detect Tenacibaculum sp. strain Pbs-1 Associated with Black-spot Shell Disease of Akoya Pearl Oysters
Authors: Sakatoku Akihiro , Suzuki Takaya , Tatamiya Yuri , Seki Makoto , Tanaka Daisuke , Nakamura Shogo , Isshiki Tadashi
Published: August 2022

Black-spot shell disease decreases pearl quality and threatens pearl oyster survival. Establishment of a rapid, specific, and sensitive assay to detect Tenacibaculum sp. strain Pbs-1 associated with black-spot shell disease is of commercial importance. We develop a rapid, specific, and highly sensitive loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay to detect Tenacibaculum sp. Pbs-1. A set of five specific primers (two inner, two outer, and a loop) are designed based on the 16S–23S internal spacer region of strain Pbs-1. The optimum reaction temperature, and concentration of inner and loop primers are 63°C, and 1.4 µM and 1.0 µM, respectively. The LAMP product can be detected using agarose gel electrophoresis, and the color change in the reaction tube can be detected visually (by naked eye) following addition of malachite green. Our assay is specific for Pbs-1, with no cross-reactivity with other species in the genus Tenacibaculum. The detection limit of the LAMP assay at 35 min is 50 pg, and at 60 min it is 5 fg. We evaluate the LAMP assay using diseased and healthy pearl oysters. Results indicate the suitability and simplicity of this test for rapid field diagnosis of Pbs-1.
Enhancement of hyphae growth and medium optimization by Pleurotus eryngii-3 under submerged fermentation
Authors: Liu Changqing , Feng Jiajie , Wang Simin , Cao Yi , Shen Yuxiang
Published: August 2022

There were a variety of amino acids and polysaccharides in Pleurotus eryngii contained that could improve human immunity and prevent cancer. In this paper, the medium was screened and carton and nitrogen sources were screened and optimized as 40 g/L corn flour and soybean meal by P. eryngii-3. Then, the effect of pH, temperature, volume, and rotate speed were investigated, in which the suitable fermentation conditions were respectively pH = 6, 27 ℃, 90 mL of fermentation broth, and 150 r/min of rotate speed. Meanwhile, the transcription levels of lcc1, lcc5, lcc8, and lcc12 were up-regulated by 10.25-, 3.32-, 2.33- and 6.29-fold respectively after optimization. In addition, the box-behnken design was utilized to improve DCW (17.23 g/L). This research was optimized the medium and condition of fermentation by P. eryngii-3, which could shorten the ripening cycle of seeds and improve economic benefits for industries.
Porous microneedle patch with sustained exosome delivery repairs severe spinal cord injury
Authors: Fang Ao , Wang Yifan , Guan Naiyu , Lin Lingmin , Guo Binjie , Cai Wanxiong , Chen Xiangfeng , Ye Jingjia , Abdelrahman Zeinab , Li Xiaodan , Zuo Yanming , Zheng Hanyu , Wu Zhonghan , Jin Shuang , Xu Kan , Gu Xiaosong , Yu Bin , Wang Xuhua
Published: August 2022

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome (MSC-EXO) transplantation has been suggested as an efficacious treatment to suppress spinal cord injury (SCI)-triggered neuroinflammation. However, an ethically acceptable method to continuously deliver MSC-EXOs to acute spinal lesions, without damaging nearby tissues/axons, has never been achieved. In this study, we fabricated a device comprising a patch containing MSCs and a microneedle array (MN-MSC patch) to treat severe SCI. When topically applied to an acute spinal lesion beneath the spinal dura, the soft microneedle (MN) array with reasonable mechanical strength avoided damaging the nearby spinal tissues, and the porous microstructure of MNs facilitated highly efficient MSC-EXO delivery. With the capacity for sustained delivery of MSC-EXOs, the MN-MSC patch was evaluated in a contusive rat SCI model. The MSCs encapsulated in the patch could survive for at least 7 days, encompassing the optimal time window for downregulating SCI-triggered neuroinflammation. As a result, MN-MSC patch treatment led to reduced cavity and scar tissue formation, greater angiogenesis, and improved survival of nearby tissues/axons. Remarkably, rats treated by this method achieved superior muscle control and exhibited robust hindlimb locomotion functional recovery. Conclusively, the MN-MSC patch device proposed here overcomes the current dilemma between treatment efficacy and ethical issues in treating acute SCI.
Drug related problems identified by pharmacist in geriatric inpatients in university teaching hospital
Authors: Baralić Ivana , Arsenovic Branka
Published: August 2022

Background
The elderly population is often exposed to complex medication regimens. Increased drug use is one of the main reasons for drug-related problems (DRPs).
Aim
The primary objective of this study was to define and classify DRPs in patients admitted at the Clinical Department of Geriatrics, Zvezdara University Medical Center, Belgrade, Serbia.
Method
Patient demographics, medications, and medical history were evaluated by the pharmacist during a weekly 3-hour visit for a period of 5 months. The DRPs were identified via V9.0 PCNE classification. Lexicomp® was used to assess the drug–drug interactions.
Results
A total of 100 geriatric patients were included in the study (mean age 79.7 ± 7.88 years; median [IQR] of prescribed drugs 8, 5 [6–10]). Total 236 potential DRP were identified and at least one potential DRP was seen in 85% of the patients. The most common underlying DRP concerned incorrect dose (36%), inappropriate drug combination (17.8%), untreated indication (17.4%) and drugs without indication (16.5%). There were significant correlations (p ≤ 0.05) between DRPs and number of comorbidities (r = 0.33) and number of drugs used (r = 0.6). Patients with atrial fibrillation, cardiomyopathy, diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure had significantly more DRPs in comparison to the patients without these co-morbidities.
Conclusion
Pharmacist was able to detect a high number of DRPs in older patients. The role of the clinical pharmacist might be to improve treatement safety, to adjust the dosage, to detect the over- and underuse of drugs, since these were the most encountered causes of DRPs.
Effect of low-level diode laser and light emitting diode irradiation on cell proliferation and osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of stem cells from the apical papilla
Authors: Rahmati Afsaneh , Abbasi Roshanak , najafi Rezvan , Rezaei-soufi Loghman , Karkehabadi Hamed
Published: August 2022

Background
This study aimed to assess the effect of irradiation of light-emitting diode (LED) and low-level diode laser on osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs).
Materials and Methods
SCAPs were isolated from the human tooth root. The experimental groups were subjected to 2–4 J/cm2 diode laser and LED irradiation in osteogenic medium. The control group did not receive any irradiation. Cell proliferation was assessed by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by alizarin red staining (ARS), and expression of osteogenic genes by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
Results
The MTT assay showed no significant difference in cell viability/proliferation of SCAPs in the laser, LED, and control groups at 24 or 48 hours (P < 0.001). The ARS assessment showed that diode laser and red LED irradiation caused osteogenic differentiation of SCAPs. Diode laser and red LED irradiation both caused over-expression of osteogenic/dentinogenic genes including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP-1), and bone sialoprotein (BSP) in SCAPs. Up-regulation of genes was significantly greater in diode laser irradiation group than LED group (P < 0.001).
Conclusions
Diode laser with 2–4 J/cm2 energy density and LED can cause osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of SCAPs. Further studies are required to assess the mechanism of effect of diode laser and LED.
Numerical simulation of heat pump drying system for paper exhaust hood
Authors: Yan Yan , Li WEN
Published: August 2022

In view of the present situation that the exhaust waste heat of the hot air hood in the paper drying section is too much and the environment is not friendly, a closed heat pump drying system model applied to the exhaust air hood is proposed and established. Effects of evaporation temperature and condensation temperature on supply air temperature, supply air moisture content, system performance coefficient (COP) and dehumidification energy consumption ratio (SMER) were studied. Results show that with the increase of condensation temperature, the supply air temperature is basically unchanged, and the moisture content of the supply air increases, while the COP and SMER of the system show a downward trend. The moisture content of supply air decreases with the increase of evaporation temperature, while the supply air temperature, COP and SMER all show an upward trend. Therefore, in order to improve the drying characteristics and improve the performance of the heat pump system, the condensation temperature can be reduced and the evaporation temperature can be increased.
Preparation of hierarchical porous carbon through one-step KOH activation of coconut shell biomass for high-performance supercapacitor
Authors: Zhao Yutong , Wang Yuanyuan , Liu Yanxiu , Wang Huan , Song Hua
Published: August 2022

Here we report an effective and facile method for preparing porous carbons (CSCK-T-x) with highly developed hierarchical porosity for high-performance supercapacitor by one-step KOH activation of coconut shell carbon. The effects of carbonization temperature (T, oC) and KOH/C ratio (x) on the structure and electrochemical properties were studied systematically. The as-prepared CSCK-800-2 displayed two concentrated mesopores at 4 nm and 14 nm. The unique hierarchical structure of CSCK-800-2 enables it to have low ion transport resistance and high ion-accessible surface area, which contributes to outstanding electrochemical performance. Furthermore, it possessed the highest BET specific surface area of 2143.6 m2·g− 1 with a pore volume of 1.34 cm3·g− 1 among the CSCK-T-x. In a three-electrode test system, CSCK-800-2 exhibits a high specific capacitance of 317 F·g− 1 at a current density of 0.5 A·g− 1 and considerable rate retention of 68% at 20 A·g− 1. The symmetrical supercapacitor that was based on CSCK-800-2 showed a maximum energy density of 13.5 Wh·kg− 1 at 0.5 A·g− 1 in 6M KOH electrolyte. Besides, it also exhibited a superior cycling stability with 99.7% of the capacitance retention after 10000 cycles at 5 A·g− 1.
BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutation spectrum and a high frequency of BRCA1 185delAG among breast and ovarian cancer patients from Southern India.
Authors: John Ajoy Oommen , Singh Ashish , Joel Anjana , Yadav Pratibha , Thumaty Divya Bala , K Fibi Ninan , Georgy Josh Thomas , Cherian Anish Jacob , Thomas Shawn , Thomas Anitha , Thomas Vinotha , Peedicayil Abraham , Abraham Deepak , Thomas Nihal , Varghese Deny , R Parthiban , Ravichandran Lavanya , Johnson Jabasteen , Yadav Bijesh , S Patricia , B Selvamani , Paul MJ , Chacko Raju Titus , Chapla Aaron
Published: August 2022

Purpose
In a developing country like India, genomic data sets for even the most clinically relevant genes like BRCA1 and BRCA2 is rather scarce. Also, there is a need to identify and screen population specific BRCA hotspots to pave a way for affordable genetic testing strategies in clinical practice.
Method
This is an ambispective study to evaluate an NGS based approach to identify pathogenic variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes among 430 patients with Breast and Ovarian cancers. The target enrichment was carried out using the in-house designed Multiplex-PCR followed by targeted Next-generation sequencing (NGS) for BRCA1 and BRCA2. Also, allele-specific PCR based genotyping of del185AG was carried out in additional 120 patients.
Results
In this study, we have identified 100 BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants and based on ACMG 2015 guidelines, these variants were classified as 46 pathogenic, 9 likely pathogenic, and 45 VUS. Of these variants, three were novel, two with likely pathogenic, and one variant of uncertain significance (VUS). The 185delAG was identified as a recurrent mutation in the Southern Indian population accounting for 25.45% of the pathogenic variants. In addition, a family history of cancers of the breast, ovary, pancreas, or prostate (BOPP) was found to be associated with a higher risk of identifying a deleterious BRCA1/2 variant [OR 3.2 (95%CI 1.84–5.77) p ≤ 0.001].
Conclusions
These results suggest that Multiplex PCR-NGS is a sensitive and specific strategy for BRCA testing. However, ASPCR-based genotyping of BRCA1(NM_007300.4): c.68_69del followed by targeted NGS would be a cost-effective approach in south Indian patients.
Prevalence of the porcine cytomegalovirus virus (PCMV), a porcine roseolovirus, in wild boars in Italy and Germany
Authors: Hansen Sabrina , Franzo Giovanni , Menandro Maria Luisa , Krabben Ludwig , Marino Stephen Francis , Kaufer Benedikt , Denner Joachim
Published: August 2022

Porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV), which is a porcine roseolovirus (PRV), closely related to the human herpesviruses 6 and 7, is common among commercial pigs. PCMV/PRV was shown to be important in xenotransplantation because transmission of PCMV/PRV in preclinical trials transplanting pig organs into non-human primates was associated with a significantly reduced survival of the xenotransplants. PCMV/PRV was also transmitted in the worldwide first pig heart transplantation into a human patient and obviously contributed to the death of the patient. The prevalence of PCMV/PRV in wild boars is largely unknown. Here, we screen wild boars from several places in Northern Italy and Germany to evaluate the prevalence of PCMV/PRV using PCR-based and Western blot assays. By Western blot analysis 65% and 82% of the Italian and German wild boars were found to be PCMV/PRV-positive, while 36% and 60% tested positive by real-time PCR, respectively. These data indicate that the prevalence in German wild boars is higher compared with the Italian and that the Western blot assay is a more robust tool to detect a PCMV/PRV infection. This data also indicates that pigs generated for xenotransplantation should be secured from contact with materials from wild boars besides commercial pigs .
Extended Spectrum Betalactamase Research mapping; a 32-year Temporal and geographical perspective.
Authors: Suleiman Adeiza Shuaibu , Abdulmalik Shuaibu Bello , Ghazali Shuaibu Muhammad
Published: August 2022

Background
β-lactam inactivating enzymes like Extended Spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) have been the focus of the scientific community for decades. The current study assesses the scientific focus on ESBLs based on the temporal succession of ESBL producing pathogens, ESBL types, the blaESBL gene, antibacterial agents, co-existence of resistance determinants, and clonal lineages over a 32-year period.
Method
Bibliometric indices of publications between 1990 and 2022 were assessed. Network mapping, visualizations and text mining were rendered with Bibliometrix package in R- studio and Visualization of Similarities (VOS) Viewer software.
Results
A total of 8890 documents were retrieved, with 6246 (70.3 percent) articles in the Medical and Health Sciences category. Despite being the most productive country, with 956 (10.8%) articles published, none of the top 20 institutions were from the United States. Four Spanish and three French institutions made the top ten. Despite the fact that the number and type of antimicrobial agents indicated against ESBL producing organisms changed over time, the preference for Piperacillin/Tazobactam remained consistent for decades. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Escherichia coli were the most frequently encountered pathogens of clinical and veterinary importance. E. coli clones (ST(s) 131, 117, 69, 73, 95, 410, 648, 10 and ST38) and K. pneumoniae clones (ST(s) 101, 15, 307, 147, 11, 405, 16 and 23) were the most frequently reported. Previous research also highlighted 'Emerging therapy' based on a 'new ESBL gene' and 'globalization of CTX-M'. Recent top-cited studies focused on 'hypervirulence' and MDR in invasive Klebsiella sp ', 'newer β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor (BLBLI) combinations,' and a 'new ultra-broad-spectrum' β-lactamase inhibitor of serine metallo-β-lactamases (QPX7728). Another notable subtheme has been the spread of ESBL and 'Carbapenemase Encoding Genes' in the 'natural aquatic environment'.
Conclusion
ESBLs are highly researched members of the beta-lactamase family with over 256,980 citations and counting. The scientific community is focused on the mitigation of plasmid mediated spread of ESBLs especially blaCTX−M gene. Reducing mortality by the development of a clinical cure for ESBL infections is a major trend in human and veterinary medicine. Workable multi-country research collaborations are compulsory to consolidate regional guidelines for AMR into a global one.
Anomalous Citations Detection in Academic Networks
Authors: Liu Jiaying , Bai Xiaomei , Tuarob Suppawong , Xia Feng
Published: August 2022

Citation network analysis attracts increasing attention from disciplines of complex network analysis and science of science. One big challenge in this regard is that there are unreasonable citations in citation networks, i.e., cited papers are not relevant to the citing paper. Existing research on citation analysis has primarily concentrated on the contents and ignored the complex relations between academic entities. In this paper, we propose a novel research topic, that is, how to detect anomalous citations. To be specific, we first define anomalous citations and propose a unified framework, named ACTION, to detect anomalous citations in a heterogeneous academic network. ACTION is established based on non-negative matrix factorization and network representation learning, which considers not only the relevance of citation contents but also the relationships among academic entities including journals, papers, and authors. To evaluate the performance of ACTION, we construct two anomalous citation datasets. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Detecting anomalous citations carry profound significance for academic fairness.
Deep Learning-Based Idiomatic Expression Recognition for the Amharic Language
Authors: Endalie Demeke , Haile Getamesay , taye wondmagegn
Published: August 2022

Idioms are used in Amharic to conceal information or to express ideas indirectly. However, most natural language processing models used with the Amharic language, such as machine translation, semantic analysis, sentiment analysis, information retrieval, question answering, and next word prediction, do not consider idiomatic expressions. As a result, in this paper, we proposed a conventional neural network (CNN) with a FastText embedding model for detecting idioms in an Amharic text. We collected 1700 idiomatic and 1600 non-idiomatic clause datasets from Amharic books to test the proposed model's performance. The proposed model is then evaluated using this dataset. With testing and training datasets, the proposed model achieves an accuracy of 80% and 98%, respectively. We compared the proposed model to other machine learning models like K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest classifiers. According to the experimental results, the proposed model produces promising results.
Noninvasive Intracranial Pressure Waveforms for Estimation of Intracranial Hypertension and Outcome Prediction in Acute Brain-Injured Patients
Authors: Brasil Sérgio , Frigieri Gustavo , Taccone Fabio Silvio , Robba Chiara , Solla Davi Jorge Fontoura , Nogueira Ricardo Carvalho , Yoshikawa Marcia Harumy , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen , Malbouisson Luiz Marcelo Sá , Paiva Wellingson Silva
Published: August 2022

Background: Analysis of intracranial pressure waveforms (ICPW) provides information on intracranial compliance. We aimed to assess the correlation between noninvasive ICPW (NICPW) and invasively measured intracranial pressure (ICP) and to assess the NICPW prognostic value in this population. Methods: In this cohort, acute brain-injured patients were included within 5 days from admission in six Intensive Care Units. ICP values and the P2/P1 ratio derived from NICPW were analyzed and correlated with outcome, which was defined as: a) early death (ED); survivors on spontaneous breathing (SB) or survivors on mechanical ventilation (MV) at 7 days from inclusion. The target sample size was calculated for the primary objective of evaluating the NICPW accuracy to discriminate outcomes. Results: A total of 72 patients were included (mean age 39, 68% TBI). Mean ICP and P2/P1 values were significantly correlated (r=0.49, p<0.001). P2/P1 was significantly higher in patients with intracranial hypertension and had an area under the receiving operator curve (AUROC) to predict intracranial hypertension of 0.88 (95% CI 0.78-0.98). ICP and P2/P1 ratio was also significantly higher in non-survivors (n=10) than survivors. The AUROC of P2/P1 to predict early mortality was 0.71 [95% CI 0.53-0.87], and the threshold P2/P1 > 1.2 showed a sensitivity of 60% [95% CI 31-83%] and a specificity of 69% [95% CI 57-79%]. Similar results were observed when decompressive craniectomy patients were excluded. Conclusions: In this study, P2/P1 derived from noninvasive ICPW assessment, was well correlated with ICP and was higher in non-survivors compared to survivors. Trial registration: NCT03144219, Registered 01 May 2017 Retrospectively registered, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03144219
Intelligent identification on cotton verticillium wilt based on spectral and image feature fusion
Authors: Lu Zhihao , Zhang Zhongfu , Zhang Xiaojun , Yang Wanneng , Zhu Longfu , Huang Chenglong
Published: August 2022

Background
Verticillium wilt is the major disease of cotton, which would cause serious yield reduction and economic losses, and the identification of cotton verticillium wilt is of great significance to cotton research. However, the traditional method is still manual, which is subjective, inefficient, and labour-intensive, and therefore, this study has proposed a novel method for cotton verticillium wilt identification based on spectral and image feature fusion. The cotton hyper-spectral images have been collected, while the regions of interest (ROI) have been extracted as samples including 499 healthy leaves and 498 diseased leaves, and the average spectral information and RGB image of each sample were obtained. In spectral feature processing, the preprocessing methods including Savitzky-Golay smoothing (SG), multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), de-trending (DT) and mean normalization (MN) algorithms have been adopted, while the feature band extraction methods have adopted principal component analysis (PCA) and successive projections algorithm (SPA). In RGB image feature processing, the EfficientNet was applied to build classification model and 16 image features have been extracted from the last convolutional layer. And then, the obtained spectral and image features were fused, while the classification model was established by support vector machine (SVM) and back propagation neural network (BPNN). Additionally, the full spectrum and feature band spectrum were used as comparison for SVM and BPNN classification respectively.
Result
The results showed that the average accuracy of EfficientNet network for cotton verticillium wilt identification was 93.00%. By full spectrum, SG-MSC-BPNN model obtained the better performance with classification accuracy of 93.78%. By feature bands, SG-MN-SPA-BPNN model obtained the better performance with classification accuracy of 93.57%. By spectral and image fused features, SG-MN-SPA-FF-BPNN model obtained the best performance with classification accuracy of 98.80%.
Conclusions
The study demonstrated that it was feasible and effective to use fused spectral and image features based on hyper-spectral imaging to improve identification accuracy of cotton verticillium wilt. The study provided theoretical basis and methods for non-destructive and accurate identification of cotton verticillium wilt.
ARRB1 reverses 5-FU-induced chemotherapeutic intestinal mucosal injury by protecting intestinal barrier and stem cell function
Authors: zhang quan , Zhao Qinying , Ye Yingquan , Liu Li , Zhang Mei
Published: August 2022

Chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucosal injury(CIMI)is a common side effect of chemotherapy, and its mechanism is complex. Previous studies have demonstrated that Armillariella tabescens polysaccharides (ATPS) exert intestinal mucosal protective effects by upregulating tight junction protein expression and reducing apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells, and the expression of β-arrestin 1 (ARRB 1) is altered during this process. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of ARRB 1 in ATPS protection against chemotherapeutic intestinal mucosal injury induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). A CIMI model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU (50 mg/kg), and ATPS (200 mg/kg) was administered by gavage once a day for treatment. Body weight changes of mice were monitored. The gross appearance of intestinal tissues was observed, and hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed for histological analysis and histological activity score. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of tight junction ( TJ ) protein markers. Organoid cultures were performed to detect the status of intestinal stem cells. The results showed that ATPS ameliorated 5-FU-induced intestinal inflammation in WT mice by increasing body weight, reducing histopathological damage, and increasing intestinal tight junction protein expression, and organoid formation rate. However, the alleviating effect of ATPS on CIMI was not significant in ARRB1-KO mice. Therefore, we suggest that ARRB1 is involved in the repair of CIMI damage by ATPS, and the mechanism may be related to the regulation of small intestinal tissue TJ protein production by ARRB1 to protect intestinal stem cells from chemotherapeutic damage.
Impact on the soil microbiota of marine sediment content as an agricultural substrate: metagenomic 16S rRNA analyzes
Authors: Núñez-Gómez Dámaris , Melgarejo Pablo , Martínez-Nicolás Juan José , Hernández Francisca , Martínez-Font Rafael , Lidón Vicente , Legua Pilar
Published: August 2022

Background: The soil microorganisms play a fundamental role in maintaining the key functions of these ecosystems, with emphasis on agricultural soils, since they present a direct impact on the plant development and other metabolic systems as the degradation of organic matter, availability of microelements and/or metabolites, among others. In this context, the present study aimed to identify, characterise and quantify the microbial communities of four types of soils with different proportions of port sediment used to cultivate lemons.
Results: The composition and structure of the sampled microbial communities were assessed through the amplification and sequencing of the V3-V4 variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. The results were processed with microbiome bioinformatics platform QIIME2 and an open-source software package, Dada2. A total of 41 phylum, 113 classes, 266 orders, 405 families, 715 genera and 1513 species were identified in all the soil samples, where Proteobacteria, Bacteriodota, Planctomycetota, Patescibacteria, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteriota, Acidobacteriota, Verrucomicrobiota and Gemmatimonadota, represented more than 90% of the identified bacterial reads.
Conclusions: The impact of the substrate origin on the diversity, qualitatively and quantitatively, of the soil microbiota was confirmed. The higher content of beneficial bacterial communities for plant development identified in peat could explain why is considered an ideal agricultural substrate. Development of "beneficial for plants" bacterial communities in alternative agricultural substrates, regardless of the edaphic characteristics, opens the possibility of studying the forced and specific inoculation of these culture media aiming to be agriculturally ideals.
Environmental Management in Emerging Borders: Examining Polycentricity Opportunity in Crimea
Authors: Altingoz Mehmet , Ali Saleem H. , Vladich Helena
Published: August 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Bayesian Variable Selection for Mixture Process VariableDesign Experiment
Authors: Aljeddani Sadiah
Published: August 2022

This paper discussed Bayesian variable selection methods for models from split-plot mixture designs using samples from Metropolis-Hastings within the Gibbs sampling algorithm. Bayesian variable selection is easy to implement due to the improvement in computing via MCMC sampling. We described the Bayesian methodology by introducing the Bayesian framework, and explaining Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling. The Metropolis-Hastings within Gibbs sampling was used to draw dependent samples from the full conditional distributions which were explained. In mixture experiments with process variables, the response depends not only on the proportions of the mixture components but also on the effects of the process variables. In many such mixture-process variable experiments, constraints such as time or cost prohibit the selection of treatments completely at random. In these situations, restrictions on the randomisation force the level combinations of one group of factors to be fixed and the combinations of the other group of factors are run. Then a new level of the first-factor group is set and combinations of the other factors are run. We discussed the computational algorithm for the Stochastic Search Variable Selection (SSVS) in linear mixed models. We extended the computational algorithm of SSVS to fit models from split-plot mixture design by introducing the algorithm of the Stochastic Search Variable Selection for Split-plot Design (SSVS-SPD). The motivation of this extension is that we have two different levels of the experimental units one for the whole plots and the other for subplots in the split-plot mixture design.
The effects of adipose-derived stem cell transplantation on tendon-bone healing in a model of chronic rotator cuff tear with suprascapular nerve injury
Authors: Eshima Kenichiro , Ohzono Hiroki , Gotoh Masafumi , Nakamura Hidehiro , Shimokobe Hisao , Tanaka Suguru , Kanazawa Tomonosin , Okawa Takahiro , Shiba Naoto
Published: August 2022

Background
Recurrence of massive rotator cuff tears (RCTs) are relatively common due to resultant muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration, possibly caused by scapular nerve (SN) injury. Growing evidence suggests that adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are useful tools for regeneration in chronic RCT models. However, data on the effects of ADSCs on in chronic RCT models with SNI are limited. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ADSCs on tendon-bone healing in a chronic rotator cuff tear (RCT) model with scapular nerve (SN) injury.
Methods
Overall, 36 adult rats (weight = 344 ± 33 g) were equally divided into the ADSC (+) and ADSC (-) group. Both groups underwent right shoulder surgery in which the supraspinatus was detached, and SN injury was induced; he untreated left shoulder in the ADSC (-) group was used as a control. In the ADSC (+) group, abdominal fat was collected to culture ADSCs. At 6 weeks postoperatively, the ADSC (+) group underwent surgical tendon repair with ADSC injection, whereas the ADSC (-) group underwent tendon repair with saline injection. Shoulders were harvested at 10, 14, and 18 weeks and underwent histological, fluorescent, and biomechanical analyses.
Results
In bone-tendon junction, a firm enthesis, including dense mature fibrocartilage and well-aligned cells, was observed in the ADSC (+) group. Conversely, decreased cell density and immature fibrocartilage were observed in the ADSC (-) group. Fatty infiltration was more uncommon in the ADSC (+) group compared to that in the ADSC (-) group. The mean maximum stress and linear stiffness was higher in the ADSC (+) group than in the ADSC (-) group at 18 weeks. Neither the mean Young’s modulus nor the cross-sectional area were significantly different throughout the study.
Conclusion
ADSC injection produced better histological and biomechanical outcomes. Thus, ADSC supplementation showed a positive effect on tendon-bone healing in a chronic RCT model with SN injury; therefore, ADSC injection possibly accelerates recovery in large RCT repair.
Research on the improvement method of social recommendation model based on efficient non-sampling
Authors: Li Yuqiang , Zhou Zhiwei , Liu Chun , Zhan Zhilong
Published: August 2022

With the rapid development of social networks, social recommendation systems based on graph neural networks have received widespread attention. Most of them usually adopt the strategy of random negative sampling to train the models. Although this training method has low time complexity, the recommendation performance of the models obtained after training is usually less stable. To this end, we propose an efficient non-sampling strategy to replace the random negative sampling strategy in order to speed up the training of the model and improve the recommendation accuracy of the model. First, we take DiffNet as an example, change its random negative sampling strategy to an efficient non-sampling strategy, and call the improved model NS-DiffNet. Meanwhile, it is verified through multiple sets of experiments that the recommendation accuracy of NS-DiffNet improves nearly 17% compared to DiffNet on the Yelp dataset and nearly 21% on the Flickr dataset, while the training speed of NS-DiffNet improves nearly 23% compared to DiffNet on the yelp dataset. In addition, NS-DiffNet shows significant improvement in recommendation accuracy and training speed compared to other social recommendation models. Finally, in order to verify the generalizability of the improved method proposed in this paper, we change the training method of multiple recommendation models from the original random negative sampling strategy to an efficient non-sampling strategy. The comparison experimental results show that the improved model has improved in both recommendation accuracy and training speed compared with the original model, which also indicates that the improved idea proposed in this paper has good generalizability.