bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Housing Policy of the City of Vienna as an Example for the Czech Republic
Authors: Koželouhová Anna
Published: October 2014

This work concentrates in its first part on the situation on the field of the social housing policy of the European Union. Subsequently, it collects and processes information about history and current state of the subsidized housing in Austrian capital Vienna, including its social, political and economic aspects. Viennese model, as a well-functioning system, is recommended as an example for the development of housing policy in the Czech Republic, especially in the city of Brno.
Risk Analysis - An Alternative Method in Forensic Sciences
Authors: Kubečka Karel , Vlček Pavel , Kubečková Darja , Pieszka Daniel
Published: October 2014

The paper introduces an alternative method for damage pricing on buildings in consequence of defects, failures and collapses. This alternative method operates with time-independent price of the structure and follows damage on the construction. By using the risk analysis method the price of construction can be reduced depending on the technical conditions of the structure and the construction assessment can be made with compare of structures health.
Compare of Evaluation Methodology of Activity of Metakaolin
Authors: Hou Yun Fen , Zhao Si Ru , Xu Bo Chao
Published: October 2014

The activity of metakaolin which is thermal activated by kaolin originated from Shandong Zaozhuang in different temperature for 2h is evaluated by mortar strength method and acid-alkali dissolution method. The results show that metakaolin has good pozzolanic activity which is affected by calcined temperature mainly. The mortar strength method is much exact but need more time, and the acid-alkali dissolution evaluation method only need one day to two days. By comparing the results of mortar strength and the acid-alkali dissolution, it is found that the two evaluation methodologies of activity have correlation which means that acid-alkali dissolution evaluation method of metakaolin can be used instead of mortar strength method.
Preparation of Sub-Criteria for Mathematical Modeling of Multi-Criteria Decision Making
Authors: Berankova Eva , Kuda František , Endel Stanislav
Published: October 2014

The subject of this paper is to evaluate criteria in the decision-making process for choosing new usable office facilities in light of a big company or public service seeking for new usable office facilities. The criteria defining the requirements for individual selection variants enter into this decision-making process. These criteria have qualitative and quantitative characters. In order to model the criteria, it is desirable that their values are standardized. The method of standardization of these criteria is given in this paper.
In this paper, attention is paid to the decision-making process in the course of choosing new usable facilities in administration objects. This decision-making process is based on input data analyses and on conclusions for a certain selection variant resulting from them.
Study on Effect of Performance of Recycled Aggregate Concrete with Secondary Manufacturing Shell Mixing Approach
Authors: Mu Jing Bo , Cui Ya Qian
Published: October 2014

The application of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) has environmental benefits, social benefits and economic benefits, which has profound significance to the sustainable development of society. However, recycled aggregate (RA) has a large porosity, high water absorption, high crush index, etc. In addition, the interface transition zone (ITZ) is the weak link of RAC, which has limited the application of RAC. Based on the advance of RAC, by discussing the characteristic of the ITZ of RAC, this paper proposes a secondary manufacturing shell mixing approach (SMSMA), and the mechanism of this mixing approach and its effect on performance of RAC are analyzed. Compared with the test of normal mixing approach (NMA), it indicates that compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of RAC through SMSMA are generally increased by about 10% ~ 25% and 10% ~ 40% at 28 days respectively, and the chloride ion diffusion coefficient are generally declined by about 10% ~ 15% at 28 days, but the liquidity of RAC is not improved. What's more, with replacement rate of RA dropping, the improvement of the performance of RAC tends to be better.
New Material Solutions for Road Surface Construction Made of WMA
Authors: Rajczyk Jarosław
Published: October 2014

The need for modernization and adjustment of existing road infrastructure to European Union requirements will result in the need for processing thousands tones of waste. The amount of waste received from road repairs and road demolitions, as well as technological by-products in Poland may be estimated at the level over 2.5 million tones, which is almost 2% of all waste production. Construction waste recycling is truly justified in this case, together with waste management according to the provisions of national and international law. One of such products is dust generated as a side effect of stone processing in a Casey mine in Ireland. Laboratory tests of the new material compositions with the use of waste from this mine not only realize the general aims of economic and ecological assumptions, but also allow increasing quality of a new product which is an asphalt-concrete composite. In order to check the properties of the use of a filler in a form of Hornfels Ireland powder there was conducted a series of special tests on the asphalt concrete testing the wearing course. Hornfels Ireland powder produced as a waste material of an aggregate processing in Cassey Quarry is a useful material, which may be successfully used as a component in a process of WMA production.
Bim Management: The Use of GDL Language for Effective Work in BIM
Authors: Fridrich Jan , Kubečka Karel
Published: October 2014

Today is already on the market, ample-effective tool for the fulfillment the working principle of BIM (Building Information Model). This method is above all the desire for collaboration, sharing information within a specific project. Cooperation but requires certain rules. They guarantee us success in communication between participants.The paper demonstrates how it can streamline the work in BIM. The introduction of new functions in design teams. A new procedure for working in BIM
Application of Risk Analysis for Building Evaluation
Authors: Bilanič Miroslav , Kubečka Karel , Vlček Pavel
Published: October 2014

For evaluation of technical condition of the buildings their constructions, you can use the methods of risk analysis. These methods may be used for pricing building and construction, depending on their condition, age and use During the subsequent design of the reconstruction or rehabilitation must always consider the scope and extent of the selected type of reconstruction in relation to the potential of harm (physical and financial). In the paper is applied to building assessment the method of universal matrix of risk analysis (UMRA).
Bioactive Calcium Silicate Coating of Titania Nanotubes for Controlled Drug Release
Authors: Li Ping , Wang Zhang , Luo Fei , Xiao Xiu Feng
Published: October 2014

A novel and facile process called “alternative loop immersion method” formed bioactive and biocompatible Zn-doped calcium silicate coating over the drug-loaded titania nanotube arrays to improve the properties of drug release. The samples were characterized by scanning electronic microscope (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). The results show that TNTs modified by Zn-doped calcium silicate coating possess improved drug release characteristics with reduced burst release (from 83% to 66%) and prolonged drug release (from 11 days to over 15 days). This approach provides an alternative to tailor the surface of TNTs and offer considerable propects for diverse biomedical applications.
Conductive Nanocomposite Aligned Fibers of PVA-AgNPs-PEDOT/PSS
Authors: Pisesweerayos Prasit , Dangtip Somsak , Supaphol Pitt , Srikhirin Toemsak
Published: October 2014

Poly (vinyl alcohol)-silver nanoparticles (PVA:AgNPs), and poly (vinyl alcohol)-silver nanoparticles-poly (3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/poly (styrene sulfonate) (PVA:AgNPs: PEDOT/ PSS) were generated as ultra-fine electrospun fibers using the aligned fiber mat and aligned single fiber techniques. SEM and TEM were used to confirm the morphology, diameter size, and fiber alignment of the ultra-fine fibers. A two-probe technique was utilized to assess the electrical conductivity of the ultrafine fibers. The highest conductivity of PVA:AgNPs, (10 %w/v:0.75 %w/v) with a fiber diameter of 0.152 μm, with voltage applied at 17.5 kV within a 20 min collection period in the electrospinning process, was 43.20 S/cm; whereas the highest conductivity of PVA:AgNPs: PEDOT/PSS, (10 %w/v:0.25 %w/v:0.084 %w/v), with a fiber diameter of 0.158 μm and voltage applied at 17.5 kV within a 45 min collection period in the electrospinning process, was 92.18 S/cm.
Effect of Solution Properties on Electrospun Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride Nanofibers
Authors: Qiao Chun Mei , Jiang Ting Ting , Zhang Yin Ling , Kang Wei Min
Published: October 2014

A kind of novel biodegradable Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC) nanofibers using a mixture of Dimethyl Formamide (DMF) and Tetrahydrofuran (THF) as solvent were prepared by electrospinning process in this paper. The morphology of electrospun CPVC nanofiber nonwovens were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results indicated that the morphology and diameter of the electrospun fibers were influenced by CPVC solution concentration and the THF amount in the mixed solvents, and the finer and uniform nanofibers were electrospun from a mixed solvent of DMF and THF with ratio of 3/1(w/w).
Preparation and Characterization of Carbon Nanofibers from the High Temperature Controllable Flame
Authors: Liu Yuan Chao , Wu Li Zhi , Ren Jing Hao
Published: October 2014

Carbon nanofiber is a new type of carbon materials and it has wide application prospects. At present, there are many kinds of synthesis methods of carbon nanofibers. Among them, preparation of carbon nanofibers from the controllable flame is a new method. It needs simple laboratory equipments and normal atmosphere pressure in this method. Experimental apparatus is including controllable flame burner, thermocouple, mass flow meter and catalyst preparation system, etc. The key factors of synthesis experiment involving the carbon source, the catalyst and high temperature heat source. Characterization of the carbon nanofibers from the controllable flame is by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM).The experimental results indicated that carbon nanofibers with less impurity can be captured at the temperature from 720 to 880 ̊C when carbon monoxide and iron-based catalyst served as carbon source and the catalyst respectively.
Fabrication of NF-PLLA Scaffolds by Gel Extraction Phase Separation
Authors: He Zhi Hang , Liu Jia , Xu Guo Jie , Jiao Jian Jin , Xiao Xiu Feng
Published: October 2014

The 1, 4-dioxane/ethanol mixed solvent was used as solvent system, and the gel extraction phase separation method was adopted to prepare porous PLLA nanofibrous scaffolds. At that, we studied the effect of using different gel temperature to influence nanofibrous PLLA scaffolds’ structure and performance. The results showed that the morphology of nanofibers and the diameter of fibers could be regulated by gel temperature; a lower gel temperature resulted in higher crystallinity of PLLA scaffold. In addition, the PLLA scaffolds have excellent interconnected network when the gel temperature was in the range of-20 to-10°C. The PLLA scaffolds will become a material to repair the bone tissue, hopefully.
Estimation of Cerenkov Radiation Generated in Various Dielectrics Using MCNPX Simulation
Authors: Kim Jae Seok , Jang Kyoung Won , Shin Sang Hun , Kim Seon Guen , Hong Seung Han , Sim Hyeok In , Jang Jae Seok , Jeon Hye Su , Kwon Gu Won , Yoo Wook Jae , Lee Bong Soo
Published: October 2014

To estimate Cerenkov radiation generated in various dielectric materials, in this study, we calculated therapeutic photon beams induced electron fluxes in a CaF2, PMMA, SiO2 and Al2O3 by using the Monte Carlo N-particle Extended transport code (MCNPX). Also, we clarified the relationship between electron fluxes produced in various dielectrics and energy depositions in water by irradiation of therapeutic photon beams. The electron fluxes and the energy depositions were calculated as a function of water depth.
Low-Voltage InGaZnO Thin-Film Transistors Gated by SiO2 Proton Conducting Films
Authors: Liu Rui Chao , Zhang Hong Liang , Li Run Yuan
Published: October 2014

Low-voltage (1.5 V) InGaZnO (IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) gated by the SiO2 proton conducting films were self-assembled by a gradient shadow mask in sputtered self-assembled IGZO channel process. The IGZO TFTs have a high-performance with a large current on/off ratio of ≥1.2×106, a low subthreshold swing of ≤120 mV/decade and a high field-effect mobility of 2.2 ~ 6.9 cm2/V·s. Threshold voltage is tuned by various thicknesses of IGZO channel. Both depletion mode and enhancement mode on the same chip is obtained, which will implement a direct-coupled field-effect transistor logic circuit. Our results demonstrate that the IGZO TFTs are promising logic circuit candidates for portable low-voltage oxide-based devices.
Preparation and Properties of Rare Earth-Doped TiO2 Thin Films by Sol-Gel Process
Authors: Bai Tao , Zhu Shi Gen
Published: October 2014

Rare earth doped titaniumdioxide (TiO2) thin films (rare earth-doped TiO2) have been successfully prepared on a glass substrate by a sol–gel route. After the rare earth-doped TiO2thin films were calcined at 773K for 1h, the effect of rare earth-doping on the properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and thermogravimetric techniques (TG/DTG). The XRD results showed that rare earth-doped TiO2thin films contained only a single crystalline phase of anatase TiO2after calcining at 773K for 1h. SEM micrographs showed that rare earth-doped TiO2thin films have smooth surfaces containing granular nanocrystallines and are without cracks. The UV–vis absorption spectra showed that the absorption of the rare earth-doped TiO2thin films has a red-shift. From ambient to 1273K, it is about 12% of mass loss because of the volatilizing of water and organic and the phase transformation.
Investigation on the Electrochemical Performance of Plasma Sprayed Ni/Cr-Fe Alloy Coatings in 3.5 %(wt) NaCl Solution
Authors: Shi Xi , Zhang Jun Liang , Zhao Qi Liang , Xiao Yi , Zhong Qing Dong
Published: October 2014

Metal material corrosion resistance chloride ion always is a common problem. In order to further study corrosivity of metal materials in chloride solution, in this paper, a double-layers coating consisted of Ni/Cr-Fe alloy which were prepared by plasma sprayed. The morphology and corrosion resistance of that coating in 3.5 % (wt) NaCl solution were investigated by SEM and Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM). Because coating had some cracks and pores so the coating sample was corroded and the corrosion current increased rapidly in initial stage. After 10 h of immersion, the corrosion current remained stably. Hence, the sample with plasma spraying Ni/Cr-Fe alloy coating had poor chloride corrosion resistance.
The Influence of Prepared Methods on Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Fe3Al Intermetallic
Authors: Le Xia Wen , Ji Dan , Zhong Qing Dong , Zhou Qiong Yu , Mo Tong , Gu Shuai Shuai
Published: October 2014

Different compositions to prepare the Fe3Al intermetallic were analyzed through the microstructure and electrochemical corrosion behavior. The structure and microstructure were analyzed by X-ray and scanning electron microstructure (SEM). The corrosion resistance of samples was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization (Tafel) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Results show that the alloy with a composition of pure aluminum with pure iron shows a higher corrosion resistance.
Characterization of PVAc Adhesive Penetration and its Effect on Wood Properties
Authors: Pan Yuan Feng , Xiao Hui Ning , Wang Wen Chen , Chui Ying Hei
Published: October 2014

Penetration of adhesive into the wood cell and lumens is an important factor that may enhance the durability of the adhesive bonds. In this study, the diffusion of adhesive polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) into the cell wall of various types of wood was evaluated making use of micro-CT. Compression shear block tests were also applied to examine the mechanical performance of the bond. In adhesive assemblies examined, cell walls at the immediate surface which were damaged during machine planning were full of adhesives. As the penetration of PVAc increased, the variation in the observed bind strengths was not substantial. Bonded with the same type of glue, black spruce appeared to have lower shear strength than Douglas fir and lodgepole pine. Moreover, gravity seemed to play a role in the glue penetration. During clamping and adhesive curing, the substrate on the lower of the shear block specimen had a deeper glue penetration. There are some correlations between glue penetration and glue line thickness measured using micro-CT.
Effect of Annealing Treatment on the Isothermal and Cyclic Oxidation Behavior of an Electrodeposited Alumina-Forming Ni-Al Microcomposite
Authors: Wang Yong Dong , Li Bai Ru , Liu Xing
Published: October 2014

In this study, an electrodeposited alumina-forming Ni-Al composite having a nanocrystalline Ni matrix dispersing Al microparticles was produced and annealed in vacuum at 500°C for different time (3hr, 5hr and 8hr, respectively). Effect of annealing time on the microstructure, isothermal and cyclic oxidation behavior of the Ni-Al composite at 1000°C was comparably investigated. The results indicated that Al microparticles slowly dissolved into nickel grain to form an ultrafine-grained Ni3Al/NiAl composite with micro-sized pores dispersion due to volume shrinkage. The increased distribution uniformity of Al with the increasing of annealing time favors the formation of a protective alumina layer in a short time, and then significantly reduced the isothermal oxidation rate. Besides, the reduction of pores size with the increasing of annealing time also helps the ultrafine-grained Ni3Al/NiAl composite to grow an adherent alumina scale with increased cyclic oxidation resistance.
The Leaching Behaviours of Chalcopyrite with Distinct Genetic Types
Authors: Bai Jing , Wen Jiang Kang , Huang Song Tao , Wu Biao , Liu Shuang
Published: October 2014

The copper extraction yield from chemical leaching of chalcopyrite depends on temperature, pH, and the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), as well as on the different genetic type of the chalcopyrite used. The chemical leaching characteristics of chalcopyrite from marine volcanic type and porphyry type were studied. It was found that the intermediates of marine volcanic chalcopyrite and porphyry chalcopyrite elucidated from the MLA were elemental sulphur and non-stoichiometric minerals, such as Cu3.5Fe4S2.5, Cu5Fe4S and Cu3.5Fe1.5S5. The results suggested that the main difference between marine volcanic chalcopyrite and porphyry chalcopyrite is the rates of copper and iron ions dissolution from chalcopyrite crystal lattice.
Application of High-Pressure Water Jet in Mine
Authors: Wu Guang , Song Jia Hui , Hou Ke Bang , Wang Cong Dong
Published: October 2014

The principle of high pressure water jet technology and its unique characteristics and advantages were introduced in this paper, specific applications of the high pressure water jet technology in coal mine production and security aspects were analyzed. It was widely used in coal mine tunneling, preventing and controlling ground pressure and gas outburst, the application of the dedusting fan, cutting the coal mine machine and cleaning and descaling downhole equipment. Finally, the feasibility and safety of the high pressure water jet technology in coal mine was summarized, and the article made prospect for its future application.
Computer-Aided Design of X-Ray Microtomographic Scanners
Authors: Syryamkin V.I. , Bogomolov E.N. , Kutsov M.S.
Published: October 2014

The article is to study the development of computer-aided design of X-ray microtomography - the device for investigating the structure and construction three-dimensional images of organic and inorganic objects on the basis of shadow projections. This article provides basic information regarding CAD of X-ray microtomography and a scheme consisting of three levels. The article also shows basic relations of X-ray computed tomography, the generalized scheme of a X-ray microtomographic scanner. The methods of X-ray imaging of the spatial microstructure and morphometry of materials are described. The main characteristics of an X-ray microtomographic scanner, the X-ray source, X-ray optical elements and mechanical components of the positioning system are shown. The block scheme and software functional scheme for intelligent neural network system of analysis of the internal microstructure of objects are presented. The method of choice of design parameters of CADof X-raymicrotomography is aimed at improving the quality of design and reduce of costs of it. It is supposed to reduce the design time and eliminate the growing number of engineers involved in development and construction of X-ray microtomographic scanners.
Study on the Fermentation Conditions of β-Glucosidase from Aspergillus niger
Authors: Luo Shao Hua , Zhang Chao , Guo Jin Ling , Yu Hua Shun , Yao Juan , Gong Da Chun
Published: October 2014

Biomass energy is environmentally friendly, renewable, and a rich stock.The research and development of biomass energy have become a hot spot. The β-glucosidase is the key enzyme in the utilization of biomass. The fermentation conditions for β-glucosidase production fromAspergillus nigerwere optimized. The optimum conditions were as follows: the seed age 48h, the inoculation amount 10%, the medium volume 20mL / 250mL, the initial pH 5.0, the rotational speed 200 r/ min, Under these conditions, the activity of β-glucosidase can research 13.92 U ∕ mL after 168h, increasing 92.8% than before. This experiment can provide the basis for the next step of liquid fermentation for the scaling up production of β-glucosidase.
Fracture Analysis on the Input Shaft of Coal Pulverize of Supercritical Unit
Authors: Liu Shuang , Guo Kai
Published: October 2014

The input shaft of coal pulverize reducer happened fracture after 3 months in operation. The metallographic examination, composition of chemical elements, mechanical properties, macroscopic examination and SEM of the fractured shaft were investigated. The result showed the metallographic and composition of chemical elements of input shaft complied with relative technique requirements. The fracture was typical brittle fracture; the fracture mode was low cycle fatigue brittle fracture. As the input shaft of surface was not required for carburization, the surface hardness was low; extension strength and yield strength were below the requests of product quality certificate, the crack source generated in the stressed side of keyway. The position design of keyway was not suitable which accelerated the fracture.
Comparing the Content of the Term Electron in High School Courses of Physics and Chemistry
Authors: Gnitetskaya Tatyana N. , Ivanova Elena B.
Published: October 2014

The article compares the semantic content of the term “electron” given in high school courses of Chemistry and Physics. It shows that the information volume of the term “electron” in the Chemistry course is substantially bigger than the volume of the same term in the course of Physics. The article offers recommendations on optimizing the content of the Chemistry course in order to avoid overloading the students.
Comprehensive Reform the Course System for Chemical Engineering Principles
Authors: Wu Guang , Zhang Dong Su , Lai Yong Bin , Zhou Yi Jun , Li Kun
Published: October 2014

This paper analyzed the basic teaching requirements and methods of chemical engineering principles course, discussed the importance of course construction and teaching material construction, mainly expounded the implementation way of comprehensive improving teaching quality.
Microwave-Assisted Organic Acid Hydrolysis of Corncob in Bioethanol Production
Authors: Chongkhong Sininart , Tongurai Chakrit
Published: October 2014

The microwave-assisted hydrolysis of carbohydrate from corncob using acetic acid was investigated by response surface methodology. The sequence of variables affecting total reducing sugar concentration in the hydrolyzate was the ratio of corncob to acid solution > acid concentration > microwave heating time. The highest 84.2 g/L glucose concentration was obtained by 0.5 M acetic acid concentration with 0.40:1 corncob to acid solution ratio at 900 W microwave power for 10 min. The hydrolyzate prepared from the optimal hydrolysis condition was fermented by 8%w bakery yeast with pH 5.25 at 28°C for 62 h to achieve the optimum ethanol concentration of 32.2 g/L. This proposed that microwave-assisted organic acid hydrolysis is potential for producing fermentable sugars, and suggested that a two-step process for the ethanol is the satisfied production because of low cost, save energy consumption and friendly to environment.
Relationship between the Property of Cloud Point and CO2 Absorption and Desorption of Amines
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Liu Biao , Qin Xian Ye , Nong Jie Jing , Zhao Wen Bo
Published: October 2014

Water solution of organic amine is used widely for removing acid gases, especially for CO2. Some water solution of amines have the property of thermally induced phase transition at the temperature of cloud point at which the solution becomes turbid. The energy consumption could be reduced with the assistance of phase transition during the process of desorption. Therefore, it is important to discover the relationship between absorption and desorption capacity of amines and its property of thermally induced phase transition. In this work, hexylamine with the property of phase transition at cloud point and butylamine without the property were selected to perform the comparative experiment of CO2absorption and desorption at 30-100°C. Results show that 40% water solution of hexylamine and butylamine have similar CO2absorption capacity, and the change of CO2absorption capacity of hexylamine at cloud point is not obvious. Thus it is concluded that the property of thermally induced phase transition of hexylamine would not increase its CO2absorption capacity.
Alkaline Delignification of Banana Peel for Producing Pulp
Authors: Chongkhong Sininart , Tongurai Chakrit
Published: October 2014

Delignification of banana peel, agricultural waste, is considered in the pulp production because lignin is a major obstacle to the gain of cellulose. The soda process as a conventional method and micro-morphology observed by scanning electron microscopy were fulfilled to investigate an optimal condition in this study. The results pointed the potent sequence of operating factors was delignification temperature > solid-liquid ratio > soda concentration > time. The removal of lignin could achieve 92% under the optimal condition using 12%w soda concentration with 1:8 solid-liquid ratio at 100°C for 40 min. This shows that the alkaline delignification is productively sufficient for the pulp production.
Difference in Physicochemical Property of β-Glucan from Barley Flour and Bran
Authors: Yu Ling , Dong Lei , Liu Tian Jing , Kong Ling Shan , Feng Tao
Published: October 2014

Two kinds of β-glucan were extracted from barley flour and bran, with the purity of 75.3% and 76.2% respectively. Molecular size characterization was caarried out with high performance size exclusion chromatograhy combined with a multi-angle laser light scattering and a refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALL) , the molecular weight (Mw) of β-glucan from barley flour and bran was 2.262×104,7.128×104. X-ray diffraction and thermodynamics tests indicated that all β-glucans were noncrystalline but thermostable polymers. Differential scanning of calorimetry (DSC) showed the presence of peak related with water loss, confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the β-glucan from barley bran had higher onset temperature (T0=49.89°C) and peak temperature (TP=197°C). In scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations, the β-glucan from barley bran showed more tight surface,which could be caused by higher molecular weight.
Enhanced Membrane Permeability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Induced by Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma at Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Dong Xiao Yu
Published: October 2014

In this study, we investigated the effect of DBD plasma at atmospheric pressure on membrane permeability, potential membrane and cytoplasmic free calcium concentration inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. S. cerevisiaecells were treated with DBD plasma for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 min and then subjected to various analyses before the commencement of fermentation or at the middle (9 h) and end (21 h) stages of fermentation. The results show that compared to non-treated cells, cells treated with plasma for 2-5 min show significant increase in membrane potential, while cells treated for 2-4 min show significant increase in membrane permeability prior to fermentation. Plasma-treated cells also show increased cytoplasmic free Ca2+that depends on plasma treatment time, with the highest increase, 35%, observed for 5-min treatment time. However, at the middle (9 h) and end (21 h) stages of fermentation, these changes become insignificant compared to the control.
Puriﬁcation of Ferulic Acid, Senkyunolide I and Senkyunolide H from the Volatile Oil of Rhizoma chuanxiong Using High-Speed Countercurrent Chromatography and Preparative Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Xiong Yao Kun , Zhu Gen Hua , Zhang Ju Quan , Liu Zhi Yong , Zhou Xiang , Nie Bin , Wu Ya Fen , Feng Yi
Published: October 2014

A high-speed countercurrent chromatography and preparative liquid chromatography method was successfully applied to the separation and puriﬁcation of ferulic acid, senkyunolide I and senkyunolide H from the volatile oil of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Rhizoma Chuanxiong. For the first time, using a two-phase solvent system composed of N-butanol–acetic acid–water (4:1:5, v/v) and a flow rate of 2 mL·min-1, a mixture of SEI and SEH was rapidly obtained by high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC). The mixture was separated by pre-HPLC with a methanol–water (50:50) mobile phase and flow rate of 5 mL·min-1. The purities of the separated components as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography were 93%, and the combination of ESI-MS and NMR analyses confirmed the chemical structures of the three compounds.
Synthesis and Properties of Anionic Maleic Monoester Carboxylate Polymeric Surfactants
Authors: Dong Ling , Xu Ke Ming , Wang Bao Hui , Chen Cheng
Published: October 2014

Four anionic maleic monoester carboxylate polymeric surfactants were synthesized by the reaction of maleic anhydride with linear alcohols of different chain length in the ratio of 1:1.1 under 80 °C. Then the intermediate products were neutralized by sodium hydroxide at 60 °C to produce the final monomers. The structures of products were confirmed by FTIR. The surface tension was measured at 45 °C and the thermodynamic parameters were calculated. The results show that the polymeric surfactants possess low critical micelle concentration (CMC), high adsorption affinities and good surface and interfacial activity.
Synthesis and Biological Activities of 1,2,4-Triazine Derivatives
Authors: Tan Ri Hong
Published: October 2014

To sdudy the synthesis and biological activities of 1,2,4-triazine derivatives, a series of 1,2,4-triazines were prepared from the reaction of 3-mercapto-5-hydroxyl-6-methyl-1,2,4-triazine with alkyl halide.The structures of prepared compounds were confirmed by IR,1H-NMR and elemental analysis. Biological activities showed the compounds had anti-inflammatory activities.
Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Iridium(III) Complex with Cyclometalated Styrylbenzothiazole Ligand
Authors: Xiao Guo Yong , Wang Ying , Chi Hai Jun , Lu Yun Hua , Xu Ying Qian , Hu Jun Yi , Hu Zhi Zhi , Sun Qiu Bai
Published: October 2014

New red phosphorescent material, (E)-2-(4-fluorostyryl) benzo [d] thiazole (4-FSBT) iridium (III) dibenzoylmethane (DBM) complex [(4-FSBT)2Ir (DBM)] is synthesized from 2-methyl benzothiazole, 4-fluorobenzaldehyde, iridium trichloride anhydrate and DBM. The complex is characterized by MS and 1H-NMR. (4-FSBT)2Ir (DBM) gives a photoluminescence at 625.8nm, phosphorescent quantum yield: Φ(4-FSBT)2Ir (DBM) = 0.2 and EHOMO = -4.7 eV, ELUMO = -2.5eV, respectively. The complex may be a promising electrophosphorescent material.
Synthesis of 3-O-Caffeoyl-Quinide Catalyzed by p-Toluenesulfonic Acid
Authors: Wang Jun , Wang Sha Sha , Wu Xiang Yang
Published: October 2014

3-O-caffeoyl-quinide, a dehydration compound of 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, was obtained usingp-toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst via esterification in traditional organic solvent and transesterification in ionic liquid, respectively. The quinide, identified by1H-NMR spectrum, was prepared as an intermediate product for the synthesis of 3-O-caffeoyl-quinide, and the products was identified by LC-MS. Results indicated that the developed purification method of quinide was much simple than before with a higher yield, and [Bmim][Tf2N] was selected as the suitable reaction medium.
Study on the Decomposition of the Tungsten Residue Using Concentrated Hydrochloric Acid by Reflux Method
Authors: Zhong Xue Ming , Fu Mao Sheng , Qin Yuan Cheng
Published: October 2014

A method of decomposition for tungsten residue using concentrated hydrochloric acid by reflux is presented. The hydrochloric acid concentration, hydrochloric acid consumption and reflux time were investigated. The decomposition of tungsten residue using concentrated hydrochloric acid by reflux was compared to non-reflux. The results show that the reflux method is significantly better than the non-reflux method. The optimum decomposition conditions for tungsten residue are that the hydrochloric acid consumption is at 38.55 mmol/g and the mixture of concentrated hydrochloric acid and tungsten residue are heated to reflux under stirring for 4 h. The decomposition ratio is Fe 98.88%, Mn 98.63%, RE 99.13%, Sc 98.78%, Th 97.84%, Ti 97.11%, U 96.92%, Zr 95.76%, Nb 6.65%, Ta 3.54%, and W 0.89%.
Study of a Novel Honeycomb Continuous Flocculator
Authors: Dong Ming , Shao Qiong Fang
Published: October 2014

The continuous flocculator described in this article refers to a kind of continuous flocculation device designed to flocculate fermentation liquid. The honeycomb continuous flocculator is composed of a vessel and built-in trapezoid subassemblies, which divide the space within the vessel into multiple honeycomb channels. The length ratio between the longest diagonal of the regular hexagon and the axial length of the channel is within the range 0.01–0.04; and the internal surface roughness (Ra) of the channels should be 0 < Ra ≤ 0.2 μm. In contrast to current flocculator designs, the channels of the honeycomb continuous flocculator could control the floc grain size, grain fineness distribution in the fermentation liquid and flocculating time and decrease the flow resistance of the flocculating fermentation liquid and increase handling capacity. These capabilities improve solid-liquid separation efficiency for fermentation liquids. The flocculator could be used either for purification of industrial fermentation liquids or sewage treatment.
Eelectrochemical Detection of Bisphenol-A Based on Electrospun Ag/PAN Nanofibers
Authors: Wang Chun Yan , Qi Ying Xin , Liu Xiao Qiu
Published: October 2014

A convenient route, based on electrospinning technique is designed for the preparation of silver/polyacrylonitrile (Ag/PAN) composite nanofibers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) gave direct evidence that Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) with uniform size were well dispersed on the surface of the PAN nanofibers. Ag/PAN nanofibers were used without any oxidation pretreatment for the electrochemical detection of bisphenol-A (BPA) with a low detection limit (0.1 μM). In addition, the Ag/PAN nanofibers offer a fast response and wide detection range (0.1 - 12.0 μM) for BPA quantification. Meanwhile, the proposed electrochemical method based on Ag/PAN nanofibers showed excellent reproducibility. The attractive electrochemical performance and the simple preparation process of the Ag/PAN made it has a promising applications for the detection of BPA in real samples.
Synthetic Study towards the Total Synthesis of (+)-(6S,2'R)-Cryptocaryalactone
Authors: Huang Fei Fei , Liu Dong Wang , Tang Lin Jun , Wang Li Ping , Huang Shuang Ping , Wang Xiao Ji
Published: October 2014

A concise route to total synthesis of (+)-(6S, 2'R)-cryptocaryalactone (1) was designed and the key intermediate (3) was synthesized via an Evans Aldol reaction to construct the chiral hydroxyl group.
Parameter Optimization of Gas Purge-Microsyringe Extraction
Authors: Tian Hao , Piao Xiang Fan , Xu Cheng Zhe
Published: October 2014

This paper proposes parameter optimization method of GP-MSE based on extraction parameters model. First, we identify the function relationship between dependent and independent variables by using neural networks. Second, independent variable set is made by interpolating the original independent variables, and then input these independent variables to fitted function to generate the dependent variable set. Last, we find the maximum value on dependent variable set to confirm the optimal parameters. Experimental result shows that the proposed method is not only simple and fast, but also ideal for recovery of single analyte.
Research in Analyzing and Characterizing Nanoparticles in Aqueous Phase Using NMR Solvent Relaxation Method
Authors: Zhang Li Wei , Li Hao , Zhang Di , Jiao De Qi , Ma Ying
Published: October 2014

Nanomaterials are playing a more and more important role in all fields, leading to increasing its release into the environment. Nanomaterials may pose a potential threat to environment and human health. Thus, there is a growing need for adaptable methods and technologies to analyze and characterize the properties of nanoparticle for purpose of understanding and minimizing the potentially unforeseen health or environmental hazards. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) method, as a powerful analytical tool which based on the theory of solvent relaxation, breaks through some limitations of conventional methods, making it feasible in analysis and characterization of nanoparticles in aqueous phase. This paper has sketched recent research about specific surface area determination and competitive adsorption between components on the surface of nanoparticles. It also pointed out the pros and cons of NMR and conventional methods. As a result, NMR solvent relaxation will be a promising application in future.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure of a Twin-Nest-Shaped Cluster Compound, [Mo2O2S6Cu6I2(4,4'-bipy)3]n
Authors: Xu Yan , Sun Yun Biao , Wu Yi Min
Published: October 2014

The title complex, [Mo2O2S6Cu6I2(4,4'-bipy)3]n1, is consists of cluster cation [Mo2O2S6Cu6I]+and counterion I-. The cluster cation consists of two nest-shaped [MoOS3Cu3]2+fragments interconnected through iodides [Cu-I distance:3.1951(16) Å,and Cu-I-Cu bond angle:180° ]. From a topological viewpoint, each building cluster [MoOS3Cu3]+, linked by another three crystallographically equivalent [MoOS3Cu3]+units through single 4,4’-bipy bridges, can be regarded as a 6-connected node, affording a novel two-dimensional layered structure.
Determination of Okadaic Acid and Dinophysistoxins-1 in Mussel by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Huang Dong Mei , Shi Yong Fu , Kong Cong , Tian Liang Liang , Zhang Xuan
Published: October 2014

A liquid chromatography-tandem mass Spectrometric method for the determination of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning including okadaic acid(OA) and dinophysistoxins-1(DTX-1) in mussel. After being extracted using methanol and water(80:20,V/V),The solution was defatted with n-hexane and extracted in chloroform. After being concentrated ,the residue was dissolved with n-hexane and acetone(20:80,V/V).Then the solution was cleaned-up by solid phase extraction(SPE) on an Si cartridge.The analytes were eluted with methanol - acetone(40:60,V/V). The quantitative and confirmatory determination of OA and DTX-1 were performed by MRM mode. OA and DTX-1 were determined in the negative ion mode. The calibration curves were linear. The method was accurate and reproducible, being successfully applied to the monitoring of OA and DTX-1.The recoveries of standard addition levels were 92.5%-96.7%. The relative standard deviations were all below 6.67%. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) for this method as defined by ten times signal to noise was 20μg/kg.
Preparation and Properties of Glycerol Plasticized-Corn Starch/Nanoparticles Bionan°Composites
Authors: Wang Chun Rong , Wu Lei Yan , Hong Yan Ping , Zhou Wen Wen
Published: October 2014

A bionanocomposite was cast using Ni, TiO2and ZnO nanoparticles stabilized by soluble starch (nanoNi, nanoTiO2and nanoZnO) as filler in a glycerol plasticized-pea starch (GPS) matrix. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results show that nanoparitlces were about 20 nm. In GPS/nanoparticles nanocomposites, loading a low level of nanoparticles improved the mechanical properties. When the nanoparticle content varied from 0 to 4 wt%, the tensile yield strength containing nanoNi, nanoTiO2and nanoZnO from 2.08 to 4.05, 8.23 and 11.31 MPa; Young’s modulus increased, from 22.3 to 89.1, 212.6 and 243.5 MPa respectively. The improvement in these properties may be attributed to the interaction between the nanoparticle filler and GPS matrix.
Study on Processing Technology of Ready-to-Eat Oyster Retort Pouch
Authors: Xu Hai Ju
Published: October 2014

The instant ready-to-eat oyster was prepared through hot water cooking, seasoned, dried, vacuum packed and sterilized. The optimal seasoning formula was as follows: sauce 10.0%, sugar 9.0%,vinegar 10.0%,rice wine 4.0%. The product has rich nutrition and special seafood flavor, comfortable texture and easy to eat. Ready-to-eat the oyster snack food processing technology research offered a new way to develop high value-added products and technical support.
The Influence of Fermented Celery Power Substituted Conventional Sodium Nitrite to the Growth of Listeria monocytogenes in the Sausage
Authors: Zhang Nai Lin , Zhu Zheng , Li Peng , Li Pei Ran , Yue Lan Xin , Xiao Yan , Ma Li Zhen
Published: October 2014

The purpose of this study was to meet the regulations of “natural product”, fermented celery powder (FCP) were selected in this research to evaluate its ability to restrain Listeria monocytogenes growth in the naturally cured sausage, and also the effectiveness on quality and sensory attributes of the sausages. The content of nitrite is 150mg/kg in each group. The FCP were assessed at both their intrinsic pH and at a pH adjusted approach that of a sausage product. The results are the FCP treatments can substitute conventional sodium nitrite to the growth of Listeria monocytogenes in the sausage without negatively impact the quality and sensory attributes of the products. In addition, the adjusted FCP treatments were more effective than conventional nitrite.
Cracking Failure Analysis of Cr12MoV Steel Guide Roller
Authors: Li Yuan , Yang Gang , Yang Yi , Chen Yi , Huang Shu Lin
Published: October 2014

A failure case of the Cr12MoV steel guide roller is presented in this paper. Many net cracks were distributed on the surface and both ends of guide roller had been oxidized to black seriously. The failure analysis was performed in terms of macroscopic observation, fracture scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy spectrum, metallographic analysis and hardness test, etc. The results show that a large number of casting defects, such as holes and inclusions, exist inside of the guide roller, which could be considered as crack source under the effect of alternating load; and then the crack source constantly grows and expands along the vulnerable region-grain boundary when the guide roller bears cold and hot effects repeatedly, resulting in large stress existing on the surface; finally fatigue intergranular cracks are formed which lead to guide roller cracking failure.
Effect of Microporosity on the Tensile Properties of High-Pressure Die-Cast AM50 Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Sun X. , Cao Zhan Yi , Liu Hai Feng , Jiang W. , Liu L.P.
Published: October 2014

Cast Magnesium alloys often exhibit large variability in fracture related properties such as ductility. In this study, the characteristics of micro-voids in high-pressure die-cast (HPDC) AM50 alloy were investigated by microstructural detecting. Specimen-to-specimen fractographic analysis of tensile fractured surface was executed to summarize the relation between microporosity and tensile properties. The results indicated that the variability in tensile properties is quantitatively correlated to the areal fraction of porosity in the corresponding fracture surface, which could be expressed by a power law equation. All the results proved that the most highly localized cluster of micro-voids is most preferentially to be the origin of fracture, and then, fracture crack will preferentially propagate through the adjacent regions that with large porosity.
Nb-W Alloy Prepared by Mechanical Alloying and Optimal Design of Corresponding Milling Variables
Authors: Li Bai Ru , Wang Yong Dong , Liu Xing
Published: October 2014

The effects of milling variables on the particle sizes and purity of mechanically alloyed Nb-30W powders were quantitatively investigated using orthogonal test of three factors consisting of milling time A (12h, 24h and 48h), ball-to-powder ratio B (6:1, 10:1 and 20:1) and solid-to-liquid ratio C (1:0.2, 1:0.5 and 1:1) at three levels in order to optimize the milling variables of mechanically alloyed Nb-30W powders. Results indicated that the particle size was mainly determined by the solid-to-liquid ratio and the purity of powder was mainly affected by the ball-to-powder ratio and the milling time; best combination of all variables was found to be A2B2C1 with the particle size 12.62μm and Fe content 0.399%. After hot pressed, A2B2C1 combination obtained the highest mechanical properties. With the refining of particles during milling, the Fe contaminations of milled powder increased and were dissolved into Nb lattices to form Nb (Fe) solid solution; meanwhile, macro stress caused by plastic deformation of Nb particles was released.
Ablation Behaviors of 3D Fine Woven Pierced Carbon/Carbon Composites
Authors: Yin Jian , Zhang Hong Bo , Xiong Xiang , Tao Hui Jin
Published: October 2014

The ablation behaviors of 3D fine woven pierced carbon/carbon (C/C) composites were tested on an arc heater and their ablation morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It shows that ablation of 3D fine woven pierced C/C composites tends to start at interfaces, defects and pores. Cracks mainly yield at the boundaries of carbon fiber bundles, interfaces of carbon fiber felts during the ablating processes. The ablation properties of 3D C/C composites in parallel direction are better than that in vertical direction. In addition, the work indicates that the ablation process is mainly controlled by mechanical denudation.
Crystallization Behavior and Mechanical Properties of PP/EVA Blends
Authors: Wang Kun Yan
Published: October 2014

Polypropylene (PP)/ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) blends were prepared using a twin-screw extruder by melt blending method. The influences of the EVA contents in PP/EVA blends on crystallization behavior and mechanical properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). XRD results show that the EVA not change the crystal structure in the blends but only decrease the intensity of the diffraction peak. DSC results showed that the melting point and crystallization point decreased when EVA added to the blend. The tensile properties of PP/EVA blend become much better.