bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dual functionalized copper nanoparticles for thermoplastics with improved processing and mechanical properties and superior antibacterial performance
Authors: Tian Lulu , Sun Li , Gao Bo , Li Fei , Li Chaoran , Wang Ruoyu , Liu Yanfang , Li Xiaohong , Niu Liyong , Zhang Zhijun
Published: December 2023

Dual-functionalized copper nanoparticles are designed via ligand interaction for thermoplastics with improved processing and mechanical properties and superior antibacterial performance.
Enwrapping ZnIn2S4 on vacancy-rich Nb2O5 nanoplates for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Liu Yong-Qi , Yi Wen-Jing , Li Chuan-Qi , Du Xin , Liu Zhong-Yi , Yue Xin-Zheng
Published: December 2023

Effective separation of photogenerated charge carriers, enhanced reduction ability of conduction band electrons, and improved light harvesting ability are crucial for the significant improvement of photocatalytic H2 evolution activity over Z-scheme ZnIn2S4/v-Nb2O5 heterojunction.
Acid protonation promoted different crystal phase structure silicon carbide-based carbon nitride composites to enhance the photocatalytic degradation of dye wastewater
Authors: Wu Zhiqiang , Li Yueyi , Li Xuesong , Feng Enke , Cao Lin-an , Li Zhenliang , Wang Xuming , Jiang Pengxi , Wang Dailian
Published: December 2023

Acid-protonated crystalline silicon carbide-supported carbon nitride photocatalytic composites were successfully prepared by the impregnation-heat treatment method (P-g-C3N4/β-SiC and P-g-C3N4/α-SiC).
Hollow carbon-based materials for electrocatalytic and thermocatalytic CO2 conversion
Authors: Li Kaining , Kuwahara Yasutaka , Yamashita Hiromi
Published: December 2023

This review covers the syntheses, functionalization strategies of hollow carbon-based materials, as well as their applications in electrocatalytic and thermocatalytic CO2 conversion.
A green process for the specific decomposition of chicken feather keratin into polythiol building blocks
Authors: Schieder Andreas , Diener Julia , Diekmann Martin , Bartsch Christian , Dietrich Florian , Falcke Claudia , Anic Iva , Roth Steffen , Sieber Volker , Taden Andreas , Richter Michael
Published: December 2023

A method for the controlled hydrolysis of chicken feather keratin was developed to obtain polythiol-peptides suitable for materials applications.
Robust large area molecular junctions based on transparent and flexible electrodes
Authors: García-Serrano Aitor , Cea Pilar , Osorio Henrry M. , Pérez-Murano Francesc , Rius Gemma , Low Paul J. , Martin Santiago
Published: December 2023

Towards transparent and flexible large area molecular electronic devices.
Enhancing the optoelectronic properties of solution-processed AgInSe2 thin films for application in photovoltaics
Authors: Agarwal Shubhanshu , Weideman Kyle , Rokke David , Vincent Kiruba Catherine , Zemlyanov Dmitry , Agrawal Rakesh
Published: December 2023

A solution-processed AgInSe2 film from dimethyl formamide–thiourea–chlorides chemistry with a high carrier lifetime of 9.2 ns and a PLQY of 0.0128% is reported.
Eulytite-type Ba3Yb(PO4)3:Tm/Er/Ho as a high sensitivity optical thermometer over a broad temperature range
Authors: Lei Zonghao , Dong Houhe , Sun Lijie , Teng Bing , Zou Yanfei , Zhong Degao
Published: December 2023

Doping with Tm, Er, and Ho achieved blue, green, and red emission, respectively. BYP:Tm/Er/Ho achieved Sr > 0.63% K−1 over the temperature range of 303–603 K.
Design of synchronous frequency dividers in 5‐nm FinFET CMOS technology
Authors: Kossel Marcel , Francese Pier Andrea , Brändli Matthias , Ruffino Andrea , Morf Thomas
Published: December 2023

A method is presented for the design of high‐speed frequency dividers in which the divided output signals are phase aligned by means of a scheme based on cascaded retiming. The objective of the design method proposed is to break the accumulation of propagation delay occurring in a divider chain that may limit the speed of the phase synchronization. Compared to alternative approaches where the phase synchronization is achieved with additional logical gates applied to the divider outputs, the authors’ approach only uses latches that are identical to those already employed in the divider chain itself without any additional synchronization logic. Hence, a better uniformity and homogeneity of the layout can be achieved, which helps improve the phase balancing. The method proposed to design synchronous dividers has been implemented in 5‐nm FinFET CMOS technology by means of a synchronous 8b‐counter providing the division factors 1/2 through 1/256. Its output phase synchronization has been verified in measurements at 10 GHz. The measured power consumption is 720 μW and the silicon area of the divider implemented is 79 μm2.
Adaptive transient overvoltage control strategy for wind farm based on data‐driven method
Authors: Liu Xiaofei , Zhang Pei
Published: December 2023

To achieve the transient overvoltage suppression of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) terminals and the point of common coupling (PCC) in the wind farm (WF), an adaptive overvoltage control strategy based on data‐driven approach is proposed. Firstly, the PCC reactive power demand and DFIG overvoltage threshold are derived, respectively. Secondly, three regression models are developed through surface fitting to determine three variables: the maximum overvoltage of each DFIG, the PCC maximum overvoltage, and the reactive power demand of each DFIG. Subsequently, the K‐means clustering method is adopted to group all DFIGs, and then the reactive power requirement of the PCC is proportionally distributed to each group of DFIGs. Lastly, a coordinated control strategy of DFIGs and static var generator (SVG) is designed based on the values of three regression models, which can adaptively adjust the reactive power absorbed by each DFIG and SVG. In particular, the de‐load control is adopted to enlarge the maximum reactive power capacity of DFIG. The simulation results show that the proposed control strategy can timely and effectively restore the transient overvoltage of the wind farm to the normal range during the gird failure, ensuring the stable operation of the wind farm.
Koopman model predictive control based load modulation for primary frequency regulation
Authors: Husham Ahmed , Kamwa Innocent , Suprême Hussein
Published: December 2023

Conventional power systems function under the assumption that loads are uncontrollable, and that the generation control is the primary means of preserving system voltage, frequency, and stability. Thanks to recent advancements of power electronics technology and communication schemes, demand‐side resources are now capable of providing fast frequency regulation. Controllable loads can provide upward/downward reserve during frequency excursions. In this paper, the authors consider collective contribution of large clusters of controllable loads which modulate their aggregate demand power to regulate the primary frequency. Koopman model predictive control is designed to handle local frequency variations caused by various disturbances at each load bus, considering uncertain load models. The efficacy of the proposed method has been validated using the New‐England power system considering two scenarios, namely, load variation, and generation outage.
The recent development of protection coordination schemes based on inverse of AC microgrid: A review
Authors: Alasali Feras , Mustafa Haytham , Saidi Abdelaziz Salah , El‐Naily Naser , Abeid Salima , Holderbaum William , Omran Emad , Saad Saad M.
Published: December 2023

Integration of distributed generation systems and diversity of microgrid operations led to a change in the structure of the power system. Due to this conversion, new challenges have arisen when employing traditional overcurrent protection schemes. As a consequence, non‐classical protection schemes have attracted significant attention in the last few years. Engineers and scholars have proposed different non‐standard methods to increase the power protection system and ensure the highly selectivity performance. Although the non‐standard characteristics and their requirements, in general, have been outlined and analyzed in the available literature, protection coordination based on voltage current–time inverse, as a branch of non‐standard optimization methods, has not yet been thoroughly discussed, compared, or debated in detail. To close this gap, this review introduces a broad overview of recent research and developments of the voltage current–time inverse based protection coordination. Focuses on assessing the potential advantages and disadvantages of related studies and provide a classification and analysis of these studies. The future trends and some recommendations have been included in this review for improving fault detection sensitivity and coordination reliability.
Effect of matrix resin components on properties of the semi‐conductive shielding material for high‐voltage cable
Authors: Li Guochang , Liu Tianyao , Chen Xiaolong , Wei Yanhui , Hao Chuncheng , Li Shengtao
Published: December 2023

The semi‐conductive shielding layer is an important part of the high‐voltage cable, playing a role in uniform electric field and reducing the air gap at the interface. The overall performance of the cable is affected by the semi‐conductive shielding layer with different base resin composition. The matrix resins of ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA), ethylene‐ethyl acrylate (EEA) and ethylene‐butyl acrylate (EBA) were used to prepare the semi‐conductive shielding materials of CB/EVA, CB/EEA and CB/EBA. The influences of different matrix resins on the chemical, electrical, thermal and mechanical properties of the shielding materials were investigated. The results show that CB has the best dispersion in EBA resin and the worst dispersion in EEA resin. The temperature inflection points of CB/EVA, CB/EEA and CB/EBA shielding materials are 90°C, 100°C and 110°C, respectively, and the CB/EBA shielding material has the lowest resistivity and the weakest positive temperature coefficient effect at room temperature. The thermal conductivity of all three matrix resins is smaller than that of the shielding material, the thermal conductivity of CB/EVA and CB/EBA shielding materials show a slow increase with temperature, and the CB/EEA shielding material is the least affected by the temperature. The mechanical properties of the three matrix resins and the three shielding materials are EBA > EVA > EEA, among them the stress of CB/EBA shielding material is 31.0 MPa and the strain is 570%. This work has important reference significance for the selection of shielding layer matrix resin and material formulation in engineering applications.
Flexible open network operating system architecture for implementing higher scalability using disaggregated software‐defined optical networking
Authors: Nsafoa‐Yeboah Kenneth , Tchao Eric Tutu , Kommey Benjamin , Agbemenu Andrew Selasi , Klogo Griffith Selorm , Akrasi‐Mensah Nana Kwadwo
Published: December 2023

The enhanced capacity of optical networks is a significant advantage within the global telecommunications industry. Optical networks provides transmission of information over large distances with reduced latency. However, the growing intricacy of network topologies poses a significant challenge to network adaptability, network resilience, device compatibility, and service quality in the contemporary era of technology and 5G networks. In light of these challenges, recent studies leverages on disaggregation in the context of Software Defined Network (SDN) and network service orchestrators as a viable remedy. Disaggregated optical systems offer SDON (Software‐Defined Optical Networking) enhanced control options and third‐party dynamism streamlining upgrades and diminishing single vendor dependency. Although, the advancement of disaggregation improves network flexibility and vendor neutrality of Software Defined Optical Networking (SDON), this improvement comes at the cost of reduced scalability and network controllability performance. The current research paper posits two potential resolutions to the aforementioned challenge. The authors present recommendations and an enhanced architecture that leverages Open Network Operating System (ONOS) containers and Kubernetes orchestration to improve scalability inside the Software‐Defined Optical Networking (SDON) architecture. The suggested architectural design has underlining novel flow charts and algorithms that enhances scalability performance by 33% while also preserving flexibility and controllability in comparison to pre‐existing SDON architectures. This architecture also makes use of the Mininet‐Optical physical‐layer architecture to simulate a real‐time scenario, as well as yang models from the Open Disaggregated Transport Network (ODTN) working group, the pioneers of SDONs. A detailed analysis of the rules and procedural processes involved in the implementation of the proposed architecture. In order to demonstrate the practical application of this architectural framework to a real‐world Software‐Defined Optical Network (SDON) system, the pre‐existing SDON ONOS architecture within the Optical Transport Domain Networking (OTDN) working group was adjusted and refined. This adaptation aimed to illustrate the use of ONOS in conjunction with established optical network systems, highlighting the advantages it offers.
Maximum values of sombor index of bicyclic graphs with a given matching number
Authors: Xu Chunlei , Li Guanru
Published: December 2023

Sombor index is a popular vertex-degree-based topological index recently. In this paper, the maximum values of Sombor index for the class of all bicyclic graphs with a given matching number are wholly determined, then the extremal graphs with these maximum values are also characterized.
Three-dimensional temperature field measurement method based on light field colorimetric thermometry
Authors: Yuan Ying , Cao Jun , Guo Jinkun , Ling Jinzhong , Wang Xiaorui
Published: December 2023

This paper proposes a novel method for three-dimensional (3D) temperature measurement using light field colorimetric thermometry, aiming to overcome the challenges associated with the intricate system structure and the limited availability of 3D information in traditional radiation temperature measurement methods. Firstly, the correlation between corresponding image points and the positions of 3D object in the light field image system is analyzed using the ray tracing method. The 3D position acquisition model and the light field colorimetric thermometry model are established, enabling simultaneous acquisition of the spatial coordinates and radiometric information of the 3D object. Then, the light field camera radiation calibration experiment was conducted, and the 3D temperature field will be obtained by employing colorimetric thermometry for each corresponding image point of the same object point. Finally, the experiment employed a light field camera for temperature measurement and reconstruction of candle flames. The accuracy of the temperature measurement is 3.31%, thus confirming the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Immediate Partial Breast and Nipple–Areola Complex Reconstruction Using a Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery Perforator Flap
Authors: Pons Gemma , Sisternas Lucía , Masià Jaume
Published: December 2023

The superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flap is a versatile flap that has been described for various applications, mostly for lower extremity coverage and head and neck reconstructions. However, there are few publications reporting its use for breast reconstruction, mainly because of its low volume availability. In this article, we present the case of a patient who successfully underwent a partial breast and immediate nipple–areola complex (NAC) reconstruction with an SCIP flap. She had been previously reconstructed with an implant after a nipple-sparing mastectomy, but the NAC turned out to be involved with cancer needing further resection. Our goal with this article, is to introduce a novel concept for addressing partial breast and NAC reconstruction and mostly, to illustrate the importance of an adaptable surgical plan based on every individual case emphasizing the versality of microsurgery for breast cancer reconstruction.
Painful Unilateral Knee Snapping after Hyperextension Injury and Meniscus Tear
Authors: Karsen Phillip , Brinkman Joseph , Day Jonathan , McGurren Daniel , Patel Karan
Published: December 2023

This case involves a healthy male with painful lateral knee pain and snapping after a hyperextension injury. Initially, this was felt to be from a displaced lateral meniscus tear; however, he failed to improve after meniscal debridement. Further workup with an ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging identified an aberrant biceps femoris anatomy. He was taken to the operating room and the aberrant slip was identified. A tenodesis of the aberrant slip to the biceps femoris was completed. This resolved the patient's pain and snapping, and he was able to return to all activities.
Evolutionary game analysis on decision-making behaviors of participants in mega projects
Authors: Chen Daoping , Chen Binbin
Published: December 2023

Mega projects have a huge impact on the economy and society. Preventing collusive behavior and introducing public participation in supervision are conducive to the governance of mega projects and are crucial to the success of mega projects. The owner, the construction party, and the supervisor of the mega project are regarded as a collusion-body that may collude. Based on the evolutionary game theory, an evolutionary game model with collusion-body, the government, and the public as the participants is constructed. The stability of each participant’s strategy selection is analyzed, the conditions for achieving the evolutionarily stable strategy are obtained, and the evolutionary path of the strategy is simulated. The results show that the costs and benefits have important effects on the behavior of the three participants. Each participant’s strategy choice is affected by other participants, and there is a certain critical probability for each participant. If the critical value is greater than or less than, the participant’s strategy will change. There are five evolutionary stable strategies in the game system, and the costs and benefits conditions to achieve each evolutionary stable strategy are different. In the case of active government intervention and public participation in supervision, the ideal stabilization strategy can be achieved by changing the costs and benefits parameters of the participants, and then the governance effectiveness of the collusive behavior of mega projects can be improved.
How smart city building improved corporate performance: empirical evidence of China’s a-share listed companies
Authors: Jiang Xiaoli , Han Xue , Xue Li , Yu Zhuo , Wei Shuo , Xu Hejun
Published: December 2023

Smart city construction is crucial for regional economic development, and the micro-level impact of such construction on business operations cannot be ignored. Based on the panel data of Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies from 2008 to 2020, this paper investigates the relationship between smart city construction and firm performance and its mechanism of action. The study findings show that (1) smart city construction significantly improves enterprise performance; (2) the improvements are significant across all industries and regions; and (3) the impact of smart city construction on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and nonstate enterprises is more significant than that on large enterprises and state-owned enterprises. These findings provide a theoretical framework and fresh perspectives for encouraging coordinated regional development and new urbanization construction.
Numerical study of a nanosecond repetitively pulsed discharge in an Ar–He mixture at near atmospheric pressure
Authors: Zagidullin M. V. , Mikheyev P. A.
Published: December 2023

An atmospheric pressure nanosecond (few tens of ns) repetitively pulsed discharge (NRPD) in a mixture of helium with a small fraction of a heavier rare gas Rg allows producing a large number density of metastable atoms Rg(1s5), required, for example, for optically pumped rare gas lasers. At the repetition rate of hundreds of kilohertz, the memory effect in this type of discharge becomes important because the initial conditions for the discharge pulse are determined by the afterglow kinetics from the previous pulse. In addition, the overall plasma kinetics is strongly dependent on the dynamics of the cathode sheath formation. Therefore, the characterization of an NRPD requires simulation of the discharge plasma together with its decay during the afterglow across the entire discharge gap. In this work, a periodic numerical solution for the NRPD in the 1% Ar in the He mixture at near atmospheric pressure was found within the frame of extended drift-diffusion approximation. Spatial and temporal distributions of discharge parameters were calculated and conditions for production of Ar(1s5) with the number density ∼1013 cm−3 determined. The influence of atmospheric impurities on the Ar(1s5) yield and the specific heat release was assessed. Results of modeling were compared with available experimental results. The sensitivity analysis of the model to the choice of kinetic constants is presented, and the applicability of drift-diffusion approximation is justified.
Landau-fluid simulations of edge-SOL turbulence with GRILLIX
Authors: Pitzal Christoph , Stegmeir Andreas , Zholobenko Wladimir , Zhang Kaiyu , Jenko Frank
Published: December 2023

The Landau-fluid closure for parallel heat fluxes is implemented in the edge turbulence fluid code GRILLIX, replacing the previously used collisional Braginskii closure (with limiters). This extends the validity of the model toward lower collisionality, introduces non-local effects, and leads to a more realistic and self-consistent limiting of heat fluxes. Turbulence simulations comparing the Landau-fluid with the Braginskii closure in realistic divertor geometry are carried out. Clear differences between the simulations are observed, most pronounced a spurious up-down ion temperature asymmetry emerges for a strongly limited Braginskii case. For the Landau-fluid case, we demonstrate the presence and relevance of non-local heat fluxes in full-scale turbulence simulations and show that this behavior could only hardly be reproduced with simple flux-limited models. The implementation of the Landau-fluid closure within the flux-coordinate independent approach employed by GRILLIX results in a set of 3D elliptic problems, where magnetic flutter can be incorporated naturally. On reusing the existing solver in GRILLIX, only a moderate additional computational effort is necessary for the higher fidelity Landau-fluid closure.
Tunable sound transmission through water–air interface by membrane-sealed bubble metasurface
Authors: Gong Xiao-Tong , Zhou Hong-Tao , Zhang Shao-Cong , Wang Yan-Feng , Wang Yue-Sheng
Published: December 2023

The acoustic impedance mismatch between water and air limits the acoustic communication through the water–air interface. Here, based on the resonances of bubbles, we propose a metasurface consisting of bubbles sealed with membranes for perfect sound transmission at the water–air interface. We have experimentally achieved sound transmission enhancement of over 20 dB at 380–510 Hz, with the thickness of the metasurface about 1/180 times air wavelength. By flexibly adjusting the immersion depth, the metasurface is able to operate at multiple frequencies. The effects of viscosity and geometry of bubbles are discussed simulatively. The present work is relevant to the practical design of advanced acoustic devices for transmedia communication.
Snap-through instability of a sheet with inclined clamping ends under fluid flow
Authors: Mahravan Ehsan , Kim Daegyoum
Published: December 2023

A buckled sheet, which is clamped at two ends with no inclination with respect to flow direction, is bistable under a uniform fluid flow. When the flow velocity exceeds a critical value, the sheet rapidly oscillates between two sides. In this work, we numerically investigate a new configuration in which the sheet is inclined by a certain angle at both clamped ends to reveal salient features in the instability and sheet deformation. With such an inclination, the two equilibria are asymmetric in the absence of a flow, leading to two separate instabilities under different conditions. At the lower flow-velocity threshold, the sheet transits from a bistable state to a monostable state, changing from an equilibrium with the higher bending energy to the other equilibrium with the lower bending energy through one-off snap-through. At the higher flow-velocity threshold, the sheet undergoes periodic snap-through. The critical flow velocity of one-off snap-through decreases with the inclination angle, while that of periodic snap-through increases. Considering changes in the bending energy and forces of the sheet with the inclination angle, dimensionless flow velocities are introduced to characterize the two transition conditions. In the periodic snap-through state, the temporal distribution of the bending energy changes dramatically with the inclination angle due to the asymmetric deformation of the sheet, and the peak-to-peak amplitude of the bending energy increases with the inclination angle, particularly in the low-flow-velocity regime.
Hyena neural operator for partial differential equations
Authors: Patil Saurabh , Li Zijie , Barati Farimani Amir
Published: December 2023

Numerically solving partial differential equations typically requires fine discretization to resolve necessary spatiotemporal scales, which can be computationally expensive. Recent advances in deep learning have provided a new approach to solving partial differential equations that involves the use of neural operators. Neural operators are neural network architectures that learn mappings between function spaces and have the capability to solve partial differential equations based on data. This study utilizes a novel neural operator called Hyena, which employs a long convolutional filter that is parameterized by a multilayer perceptron. The Hyena operator is an operation that enjoys sub-quadratic complexity and enjoys a global receptive field at the meantime. This mechanism enhances the model’s comprehension of the input’s context and enables data-dependent weight for different partial differential equation instances. To measure how effective the layers are in solving partial differential equations, we conduct experiments on the diffusion–reaction equation and Navier–Stokes equation and compare it with the Fourier neural operator. Our findings indicate that the Hyena neural operator can serve as an efficient and accurate model for learning the partial differential equation solution operator. The data and code used can be found at https://github.com/Saupatil07/Hyena-Neural-Operator.
Effects of mine tailings on aquatic macroinvertebrate structure within the first year after a major dam collapse
Authors: Leal Juliana S. , Soares Bruno E. , Ferro Joseph L. S. , Dellamare-Silva Rafael , Teixeira Cláudia , Ferreira Filho Virgílio José M. , Farjalla Vinicius F.
Published: December 2023

Context The collapse of a tailings dam in Brumadinho (Brazil) is considered one of the largest mining disasters worldwide. The mine tailings polluted the water and sediment of the Paraopeba River downstream of the collapsed dam. The effects of the tailings on biological communities remain unknown. Aims We evaluated the effects of the tailings dam collapse on aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages in the Paraopeba River and highlighted a potential bioindicator for the cumulative effects of the mine tailings spill. Methods We sampled the macroinvertebrates upstream and downstream of the collapsed dam during the first dry and wet seasons following the collapse. Key results We found that turbidity (likely non-related to the tailings) negatively affected the macroinvertebrates’ abundance, but the richness was negatively affected by the presence of the mine tailings. The riparian land use negatively affected the macroinvertebrate richness and composition. We identified Helicopsyche spp. as a bioindicator. Conclusions We provide circumstantial evidence of the effects of mine tailings on aquatic macroinvertebrates, suggesting that it may have affected their richness and caused the loss of Helicopsyche spp. in the most affected sites. Implications We suggest that the richness and Helicopsyche spp. are potential biomonitoring tools for evaluating the effects of the tailings dam collapse on the macroinvertebrate assemblages.
ALPK1 mutants causing ROSAH syndrome or Spiradenoma are activated by human nucleotide sugars
Authors: Snelling Tom , Saalfrank Anton , Wood Nicola T. , Cohen Philip
Published: December 2023

The atypical protein kinase ALPK1 is activated by the bacterial nucleotide sugar ADP-heptose and phosphorylates TIFA to switch on a signaling pathway that combats microbial infection. In contrast, ALPK1 mutations cause two human diseases: the ALPK1[T237M] and ALPK1[Y254C] mutations underlie ROSAH syndrome (retinal dystrophy, optic nerve oedema, splenomegaly, anhidrosis, and migraine headache), while the ALPK1[V1092A] mutation accounts for 45% of spiradenoma and 30% of spiradenocarcinoma cases studied. In this study, we demonstrate that unlike wild-type (WT) ALPK1, the disease-causing ALPK1 mutants trigger the TIFA-dependent activation of an NF-κB/activator protein 1 reporter gene in the absence of ADP-heptose, which can be suppressed by either of two additional mutations in the ADP-heptose binding site that prevent the activation of WT ALPK1 by ADP-heptose. These observations are explained by our key finding that although ALPK1[T237M] and ALPK1[V1092A] are activated by bacterial ADP-heptose, they can also be activated by nucleotide sugars present in human cells (UDP-mannose, ADP-ribose, and cyclic ADP-ribose) which can be prevented by disruption of the ADP-heptose binding site. The ALPK1[V1092A] mutant was also activated by GDP-mannose, which did not activate ALPK1[T237M]. These are new examples of disease-causing mutations permitting the allosteric activation of an enzyme by endogenous molecules that the WT enzyme does not respond to. We propose that the loss of the specificity of ALPK1 for bacterial ADP-heptose underlies ROSAH syndrome and spiradenoma/spiradenocarcinoma caused by ALPK1 mutation.
Tryptophan extends the life of cytochrome P450
Authors: Ravanfar Raheleh , Sheng Yuling , Gray Harry B. , Winkler Jay R.
Published: December 2023

Powerfully oxidizing enzymes need protective mechanisms to prevent self-destruction. The flavocytochrome P450 BM3 from
Priestia megaterium
(P450
BM3
) is a self-sufficient monooxygenase that hydroxylates fatty acid substrates using O
2
and NADPH as co-substrates. Hydroxylation of long-chain fatty acids (≥C
14
) is well coupled to O
2
and NADPH consumption, but shorter chains (≤C
12
) are more poorly coupled. Hydroxylation of
p
-nitrophenoxydodecanoic acid by P450
BM3
produces a spectrophotometrically detectable product wherein the coupling of NADPH consumption to product formation is just 10%. Moreover, the rate of NADPH consumption is 1.8 times that of O
2
consumption, indicating that an oxidase uncoupling pathway is operative. Measurements of the total number of enzyme turnovers before inactivation (TTN) indicate that higher NADPH concentrations increase TTN. At lower NADPH levels, added ascorbate increases TTN, while a W96H mutation leads to a decrease. The W96 residue is about 7 Å from the P450
BM3
heme and serves as a gateway residue in a tryptophan/tyrosine (W/Y) hole transport chain from the heme to a surface tyrosine residue. The data indicate that two oxidase pathways protect the enzyme from damage by intercepting the powerfully oxidizing enzyme intermediate (Compound I) and returning it to its resting state. At high NADPH concentrations, reducing equivalents from the flavoprotein are delivered to Compound I by the usual reductase pathway. When NADPH is not abundant, however, oxidizing equivalents from Compound I can traverse a W/Y chain, arriving at the enzyme surface where they are scavenged by reductants. Ubiquitous tryptophan/tyrosine chains in highly oxidizing enzymes likely perform similar protective functions.
Framing the path to net zero
Authors: Fuoli Matteo , Beelitz Annika
Published: December 2023

Big corporations are a leading contributor to global carbon emissions and their investment decisions have a
significant impact on the world’s ability to tackle climate change. This study combines corpus and discourse approaches to examine
how major corporate emitters have responded to the Paris Agreement, how they legitimize their practices amid mounting public
pressure, and how companies operating in high- and middle-income countries differ in their framing of climate change. The results
show that carbon majors place increasing focus on climate issues, widely support the goals of the Paris Agreement, and are
increasingly making net-zero pledges. However, close inspection of linguistic patterns reveals a troubling disconnect between
proclaimed goals, the solutions advocated for, and the radical steps needed to address the escalating climate crisis. Companies
from middle-income countries devote comparatively less attention to climate change, which points to the need for better
coordinated global efforts to address this problem.
Do they think that joy and misery are temporary? Comparing trajectories of current and predicted life satisfaction across life events
Authors: Hudde Ansgar
Published: December 2023

When people marry or have their first baby, their life satisfaction spikes but fades soon thereafter. Similarly, when people separate from a partner or become widowed, their satisfaction decreases but largely recovers within a few years. I analyse to what degree people who experience these life events expect that their current shift towards joy or misery is temporary vs. long-lasting. Data are from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) and are analysed with a novel estimation strategy that uses month-specific information on the timing of interviews and life events. I compare trajectories of people's current life satisfaction and anticipated life satisfaction, i.e. the level of satisfaction they expect to have five years into the future. Results show that people expect some of these life events’ joy or misery to stay, but the majority to fade. These findings reveal that, to a substantial degree, people are able to see their situation from a distance and separate their current feelings from their long-term life prospects. This may contribute to people's overall well-being and sustainable life strategies.
The charge and mass symmetry breaking in the KK
K¯
system
Authors: Filikhin I , Kezerashvili R Ya , Vlahovic B
Published: December 2023

In the framework of the Faddeev equations in configuration space, we investigate the K(1460) meson as a resonant state of the

KK

K

¯

kaonic system. We perform calculations for the particle configurations K
0
K
+
K
− and

K

0

K

+

K

0

¯

within two models: the ABC model, in which all three particles are distinguishable, and the AAC model when two particles are identical. The models differ in their treatment of the kaon mass difference and the attractive Coulomb force between the K
+
K
− pair. We found that the Coulomb shift adds over 1 MeV to the three-body binding energy. The expected correction to the binding energy due to mass redistribution from AA to AB is found to be negligible, up to a maximum of 6% of the relative mass correction. At the same time, the symmetry of the wave function is distorted depending on the mass ratio value. We found that the repulsive KK interaction plays an essential role in the binding energy of the

KK

K

¯

system and reports the mass of 1461.8 or 1464.1 MeV for the neutral K
0(1460) and 1466.5 or 1468.8 MeV for the charged K
+(1460) resonances, respectively, depending on the parameter sets for KK and

K

K

¯

interactions.
Vehicle integrated navigation IMU mounting angles estimation method based on nonlinear optimization
Authors: Lin Feifan , Wang Shiliang , Chen Yanping , Zou Mengqiang , Peng Hui , Liu Yu
Published: December 2023

A vehicle integrated navigation system based on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) aided Inertial Navigation System (INS) enhances its navigation accuracy by utilizing non-holonomic constraints and odometer velocity. However, the navigation accuracy of the system is compromised due to the challenges in the estimation of the inertial measurement unit (IMU) mounting angles relative to the host vehicle. This paper presents a method for estimating the IMU mounting angles of a vehicle that integrated navigation system through a nonlinear optimization. The proposed method firstly achieves the initial alignment of the vehicle integrated navigation system through a GNSS/INS loosely coupled algorithm. Then, the vehicle navigation algorithm is switched to the INS algorithm after collecting 100 satellite-fixed solutions. Finally, a nonlinear optimization objective function based on the difference between the satellite-fixed solutions and the INS integration results is constructed to solve for the IMU mounting angles. Experiments were conducted by using a Murata SCHA634 IMU on a land vehicle to validate the proposed method. This method has a reduction of approximately 30% in the three-dimensional positioning accuracy within

1
σ

error compared to that without mounting angles compensation, and a reduction of approximately 15% when compared with the traditional approach of compensating for IMU mounting angles using the error state Kalman filter method.
The most probable transition paths of stochastic dynamical systems: a sufficient and necessary characterisation
Authors: Huang Yuanfei , Huang Qiao , Duan Jinqiao
Published: December 2023

The most probable transition paths (MPTPs) of a stochastic dynamical system are the global minimisers of the Onsager–Machlup action functional and can be described by a necessary but not sufficient condition, the Euler–Lagrange (EL) equation (a second-order differential equation with initial-terminal conditions) from a variational principle. This work is devoted to showing a sufficient and necessary characterisation for the MPTPs of stochastic dynamical systems with Brownian noise. We prove that, under appropriate conditions, the MPTPs are completely determined by a first-order ordinary differential equation. The equivalence is established by showing that the Onsager–Machlup action functional of the original system can be derived from the corresponding Markovian bridge process. For linear stochastic systems and the nonlinear Hongler’s model, the first-order differential equations determining the MPTPs are shown analytically to imply the EL equations of the Onsager–Machlup functional. For general nonlinear systems, the determining first-order differential equations can be approximated, in a short time or for the small noise case. Some numerical experiments are presented to illustrate our results.
QMLS: quaternion mutual learning strategy for multi-modal brain tumor segmentation
Authors: Deng Zhengnan , Huang Guoheng , Yuan Xiaochen , Zhong Guo , Lin Tongxu , Pun Chi-Man , Huang Zhixin , Liang Zhixin
Published: December 2023

Objective. Due to non-invasive imaging and the multimodality of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images, MRI-based multi-modal brain tumor segmentation (MBTS) studies have attracted more and more attention in recent years. With the great success of convolutional neural networks in various computer vision tasks, lots of MBTS models have been proposed to address the technical challenges of MBTS. However, the problem of limited data collection usually exists in MBTS tasks, making existing studies typically have difficulty in fully exploring the multi-modal MRI images to mine complementary information among different modalities. Approach. We propose a novel quaternion mutual learning strategy (QMLS), which consists of a voxel-wise lesion knowledge mutual learning mechanism (VLKML mechanism) and a quaternion multi-modal feature learning module (QMFL module). Specifically, the VLKML mechanism allows the networks to converge to a robust minimum so that aggressive data augmentation techniques can be applied to expand the limited data fully. In particular, the quaternion-valued QMFL module treats different modalities as components of quaternions to sufficiently learn complementary information among different modalities on the hypercomplex domain while significantly reducing the number of parameters by about 75%. Main results. Extensive experiments on the dataset BraTS 2020 and BraTS 2019 indicate that QMLS achieves superior results to current popular methods with less computational cost. Significance. We propose a novel algorithm for brain tumor segmentation task that achieves better performance with fewer parameters, which helps the clinical application of automatic brain tumor segmentation.
Machine learning to detect, stage and classify diseases and their symptoms based on inertial sensor data: a mapping review
Authors: Bibbo Daniele , De Marchis Cristiano , Schmid Maurizio , Ranaldi Simone
Published: December 2023

This article presents a systematic review aimed at mapping the literature published in the last decade on the use of machine learning (ML) for clinical decision-making through wearable inertial sensors. The review aims to analyze the trends, perspectives, strengths, and limitations of current literature in integrating ML and inertial measurements for clinical applications. The review process involved defining four research questions and applying four relevance assessment indicators to filter the search results, providing insights into the pathologies studied, technologies and setups used, data processing schemes, ML techniques applied, and their clinical impact. When combined with ML techniques, inertial measurement units (IMUs) have primarily been utilized to detect and classify diseases and their associated motor symptoms. They have also been used to monitor changes in movement patterns associated with the presence, severity, and progression of pathology across a diverse range of clinical conditions. ML models trained with IMU data have shown potential in improving patient care by objectively classifying and predicting motor symptoms, often with a minimally encumbering setup. The findings contribute to understanding the current state of ML integration with wearable inertial sensors in clinical practice and identify future research directions. Despite the widespread adoption of these technologies and techniques in clinical applications, there is still a need to translate them into routine clinical practice. This underscores the importance of fostering a closer collaboration between technological experts and professionals in the medical field.
Early diagnosis of citrus Huanglongbing by Raman spectroscopy and machine learning
Authors: Kong Lili , Liu Tianyuan , Qiu Honglin , Yu Xinna , Wang Xianda , Huang Zhiwei , Huang Meizhen
Published: December 2023

Timely diagnosis of citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) is fundamental to suppressing disease spread and reducing economic losses. This paper explores the combination of Raman spectroscopy and machine learning for on-site, accurate and early diagnosis of citrus HLB. The tissue lesion characteristics of citrus leaves at different stages of HLB infection was explored by Raman spectroscopy, and a scientific spectral acquisition strategy was proposed. Combined with machine learning for feature extraction, modeling learning, and predictive analysis, the diagnostic accuracies of principal component analysis (PCA)-Partial least-square and PCA-support vector machine models for the prediction set were 94.07% and 95.56%, respectively. Compared with conventional random detection method, the detection strategy proposed in this paper shows higher accuracy, especially in early HLB diagnosis with significant advantages.
Proton Energy Spectra From Deuteron Induced Reaction on Copper At 14,5 MeV Deuteron Energy
Authors: Zholdybayev T.K. , Ussabayeva G.A. , Temirzhanov A.A. , Mukan Zh.T. , Sadykov B.M. , Duisebayev B.A.
Published: December 2023

Double differential cross sections have been measured for light-charged particle production in deuteron-induced reactions on
nat
Cu at incident energies of 14.5 MeV. The experiment was performed at the isochronous cyclotron of the Institute of Nuclear Physics (Kazakhstan). Charged particles were detected using a set of Si and CsI detectors from 30° to 135°, by step of 15°. The integral cross-sections were determined by integrating over the angle the double differential cross-sections. Double differential and integral charged particle emission cross-sections have been calculated by the TALYS 1.9 nuclear reaction which code based on a modified version of the exciton model of the pre-equilibrium nuclear decay. Direct, compound, and pre-equilibrium reaction contributions have been determined for the emission of proton particles.
Structural condition of container material long-term used for hydrogen
Authors: Akaev S O , Dikov A S , Larionov A S
Published: December 2023

The paper shows the structural condition of the container wall material, which has been used for a long time under hydrogen storage conditions. The features of the structure are shown depending on the thickness and direction of the wall section. There are signs of deterioration of the structure near the inner surface of the container wall caused by the intense interaction with hydrogen.
Study of the first aquifer on the territory of the former test site “Azgir” to determine potential migration routes of radionuclides
Authors: Severinenko M A , Akhmetzhanova D S , Makarova V A , Krasnopyorova M V , Koshzhanov A T , Matiyenko L D
Published: December 2023

The article presents the results of the study of the hydrogeological situation of the first aquifer of the former test site “Azgir” with the purpose of determining possible ways of radionuclide migration from the underground cavities of the former test site “Azgir” established more than 50 years ago. It was demonstrated that groundwater of the first aquifer lies in the form of separate scattered lenses, as well as a local basin, which has the role of a potential groundwater reservoir. Currently, there are no processes of technogenic radionuclides migration from underground cavities into the first aquifer.
Irradiation device development with changing neutron spectrum
Authors: Nessipbay A Zh , Gizatulin Sh H , Akhanov A M , Kisselyov K S , Aitkulov M T , Shaimerdenov A A , Yoshiharu Nagao
Published: December 2023

This paper presents a sketch drawing of the developed design of an irradiating device, which allows to regulate the neutron energy spectrum in it, as well as the results of neutron-physical calculations with predicted values of the range of neutron flux density variation in different energy groups. It is shown that the fraction of thermal and over-thermal neutrons in the dry irradiation channel increases with increasing beryllium filling packing fraction. While the fraction of fast neutrons (> 1.15 MeV) decreases. In the wet irradiation channel, the dependence of thermal and over-thermal neutrons is similar to that in the dry channel, but the effect is much smaller.
The first findings of the study of the territory of the water basin of the Kapshagai Reservoir. Uranium isotope distribution
Authors: Solodukhin Vladimir P. , Ydyrysheva Saulet K. , Lennik Svetlana G. , Kabirova Gulinur M.
Published: December 2023

This article presents the first results of the examination of environmental objects (water, coastal soil, bottom sediments) of the Kapshagai Reservoir water basin. Radionuclide composition of selected samples by alpha-, gamma spectrometry and total alpha- and beta-activity were determined. It has been established that in some water samples, the total alpha activity exceeds the standard of the Republic of Kazakhstan for drinking water, the total beta activity does not exceed the standard. Presents the results of uranium-238, uranium-234, uranium-235 activities and also gives the ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 activities, which is an important indicator of water contamination by this element.