bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Catastrophic and violent tornadoes: a detailed review of physical-mathematical models
Authors: Arsen’yev Sergey A. , Eppelbaum Lev V.
Published: November 2024

Significant progress has been made in forecasting hazardous atmospheric events such as catastrophic and severe tornadoes (level EF3-EF5). A method for nonstochastic long-term forecasting using the pattern recognition theory and Fourier analysis has recently been developed. A close correlation between the tidal forces of the Sun–Moon–Earth gravitational system and the total number of tornadoes per year was found. However, the physical mechanism of this connection remains closed. In this work, we suggest a novel common physical-mathematical models. One of such models explains the formation process of a strong tornado, which is divided into two stages. First, gravity forces and hurricane winds in the upper troposphere form a long nonlinear wave in the lower troposphere. Second, the wind in the upper atmosphere and nonlinearity amplifies the resulting gravity nonlinear wave, which propagates at the speed of the initial tidal wave. When a gravity wave reaches a thunderstorm supercell that has already formed inside the atmospheric front, it is captured by the supercell because upward air movements destroy its inversion. As meteorological conditions adapt to weather conditions, the pressure within the thunderstorm cell decreases, and wind speed increases, resulting in a violent tornado. The theoretical results strongly align with physical observations, validating our model. The two-stage model for the occurrence of powerful tornadoes is one of many possible ones. As an alternative, the authors also proposed a model for the emergence of a tornado from a thundercloud filled with highly rotating mesoscale vortices. In this case, the theory of mesoscale turbulence is used, which allows for the phenomenon of the red turbulent cascade: the energy transfer from smaller turbulent eddies to the region of large scales. The magnetic and electric field generation equations in tornadoes are considered in detail. Several examples illustrate the presented theory and rationalize some aspects of the physical tornado observations. The authors propose that the constructed physical-mathematical models will enable the utilization of the dangerous and powerful energy of tornadoes for industrial and environmental goals.
Reciprocal molecular dialogues between ovarian cancer stem cells and their microenvironmental niches
Authors: Motohara Takeshi , Kondoh Eiji
Published: November 2024

Cancer stem cells are the driving force behind phenotypic and functional tumor heterogeneity in synchronization with their supportive cancer stem cell niches. Emerging evidence demonstrates that ovarian cancer stem cells can evolve alongside different cancer-associated niche cells and dynamically contribute to metastasis and chemotherapy resistance within the tumor microenvironment in the intraperitoneal milieu. Given the clinical challenges posed by early-onset widespread metastasis and acquired chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer, it is crucial to elucidate the biological processes driven by ovarian cancer stem cells within the tumor microenvironmental niches for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for patients with ovarian cancer. This review provides an overview of the latest advancements in the molecular mechanisms underlying ovarian cancer stem cells and their interaction with the surrounding microenvironmental niches. We emphasize current the theoretical understanding of the principal roles played by cancer-associated niche cells, including adipocytes, mesothelial cells, macrophages, and fibroblasts, in communicating with a wealth of signaling networks related to ovarian cancer stem cells.
Top Coal Weakening by Pulse Hydraulic Fracturing and Roof Cutting by Directional Hydraulic Fracturing for Control of Hanging Roof in the Face End of Fully Mechanized Top Coal Caving
Authors: Shao Luying , Huang Bingxiang , Zhao Xinglong , Li Haoze , Chen Shuliang
Published: November 2024

Due to the supporting effect of the coal pillar on the side of the roadway, there is often a problem of the top coal and roof in the working face end not collapsing in time. The single directional hydraulic fracturing method cannot directionally cut off the top coal of the working face end. To overcome the above shortcomings, this article first proposes a method of controlling top coal and roof in the working face end by pulse and directional hydraulic fracturing. The method of using pulse hydraulic fracturing to weaken the top coal and directional hydraulic fracturing to cut off the roof to induce rock pressure to break the coal is used to control the timely collapse of the top coal and roof in the working face end. When the vertical stress on the top coal is greater than the strength of the weakened top coal, the top coal and roof begin to collapse. The vertical displacement of the weakened top coal and the cut roof gradually decreases from low to high, and the caving top coal and roof finally fill the goaf. The maximum reduction in stress concentration of coal pillar is about 75%. Then, the principles for determining the parameters of this method were provided. Finally, the industrial experiment was conducted in the coal mine. The construction water pressure of the roof is between 30 and 40 MPa. The construction water pressure of top coal ranges from 8 to 16 MPa, with an amplitude of approximately 4 MPa. Directional crack is formed within an area of 3.3 m in the direction of the adjacent roof borehole. A crack network is formed within a 4 m area near the top coal borehole. After hydraulic fracturing, the top coal and roof in the working face end collapse with mining.
Specific Surface of Porous Materials
Authors: Kumar J. , Fatt I.
Published: November 2024

The Kozeny-Carman equation

(Equation 1)

relates specific surface to the permeability and porosity of a porous medium. This equation involves the factor τ, known as Kozeny factor, which is hard to estimate and varies with the nature of the porous material.

An equation, based on experimental work, is presented here that relates the specific surface of an unconsolidated porous material to its permeability and porosity. Previous work reporting on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance techniques gave the following two relationships:

(Equation 2)

(Equation 3).
Therapeutic Potential of 6-Amino Flavone: A Novel Approach for Diabetes and Inflammation via TNF-α/ p-IRS Signaling Pathway in Albino Mice
Authors: Amin Zarnosh , Husn Mansoor , Fayaz Wajeeha , Shah Shahid Ali , Wadood Abdul
Published: November 2024

Diabetes, an alarming modern-day epidemic, imposes a substantial burden due to its rising incidence rate. Diabetes, in addition to its metabolic consequences, has emerged as a contributor to cognitive decline via a number of underlying processes, including neuroinflammation. Among the critical processes linked to diabetes, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines has received a lot of attention. The present study aimed to investigate the potential of 6-amino flavone as an agent for treating Alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus and neuroinflammation in albino mice. The anti-diabetic and anti-neuroinflammatory effects were assessed through Y-maze, Morris water maze, and probe test in all four groups. The results indicated that the 6-amino flavone group showed a promising in-crease in short-term and long-term cognitive functions compared to the alloxan-induced group. Noticeably, the western blot analysis depicted that 6-amino flavone exerts antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and neuroprotective effects by inhibiting the p-IRS/TNF-α signaling pathway and enhancing the synapse performance via upregulation of SYP and PSD-95 proteins in the Allox-an-induced diabetes mellitus group. The findings of the present study infer that 6-amino flavone could be used as a potential therapeutic agent for treating diabetes complications and associated neuroinflammation.
Trial protocol for Siroskin: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of topical sirolimus in chemoprevention of facial squamous cell carcinomas in solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Dousset Lea , Chambers Daniel C , Webster Angela , Isbel Nicole , Campbell Scott , Duarte Carla , Gordon Louisa , Damian Diona , Tseng Anne , Karlsen Emma , Ilinsky Olga Victoria , Brown Susan , Schaider Helmut , Soyer H. Peter , Ospino Daniel Ariza , Hogarth Sam , Chong Alvin , Mar Victoria , McKenzie Scott , Gin Douglas , Fernandez-Penas Pablo , Kern Johannes S , Loewe Katja , Roy Edwige , Herschtal Alan , Khosrotehrani Kiarash
Published: November 2024

Background: Keratinocyte carcinomas such as Basal Cell Carcinomas and Squamous Cell Carcinomas are a major burden affecting morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs). Best treatment includes frequent skin checks for early detection and surgery for high incidence of skin cancers.
Sirolimus is an immunosuppressive drug which may reduce the burden of skin cancer but may be poorly tolerated when given orally. Topical sirolimus has been proven effective at reducing the burden of skin cancers in animal models and its safety has long been established in children with tuberous sclerosis. A recent 12-week Phase II trial of topical sirolimus suggested it was safe and effective at reducing the early signs of skin cancer in the absence of major side effects. The aim of the SiroSkin trial is to determine whether topical sirolimus can fill a major gap in current therapies by reducing the onset and number of new skin cancers thus reducing burden of disease and cost-effectiveness.
Methods: Protocol for a multi-centered phase III, participant and clinician assessor blinded, placebo-controlled randomised trial in SOTRs. A minimum 146 participants randomised 1:1 will be treated with 1% topical sirolimus versus placebo applied to the face on a regular basis for 24 weeks. Participation is 24 months in total –24-weeks of treatment and 18 months of follow-up. Outcomes include the number of keratinocyte carcinomas at 24 weeks of treatment compared to placebo, and then at 12 and 24 months after initiation of treatment. Analysis will be as per protocol and intention to treat.
Discussion: The results of this trial will inform management strategies for skin cancers after SOTR and provide evidence for cost effectiveness.
Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT05860881. Registered on Jun 15, 2023, and on anzctr.org.au (registration number NCT05860881).
Structural Constraint Integration in Generative Model for Discovery of Quantum Material Candidates
Authors: Li Mingda , Okabe Ryotaro , Cheng Mouyang , Chottratanapituk Abhijatmedhi , Hung Nguyen Tuan , Fu Xiang , Han Bowen , Wang Yao , Xie Weiwei , Cava Robert , Jaakkola Tommi , Cheng Yongqiang
Published: November 2024

Billions of organic molecules are known, but only a tiny fraction of the functional inorganic materials have been discovered, a particularly relevant problem to the community searching for new quantum materials. Recent advancements in machine learning-based generative models, particularly diffusion models, show great promise for generating new, stable materials. However, integrating geometric patterns into materials generation remains a challenge. Here, we introduce Structural Constraint Integration in the GENerative model (SCIGEN). Our approach can modify any trained generative diffusion model by strategic masking of the denoised structure with a diffused constrained structure prior to each diffusion step to steer the generation toward constrained outputs. Furthermore, we mathematically prove that SCIGEN effectively performs conditional sampling from the original distribution, which is crucial for generating stable constrained materials. We generate eight million compounds using Archimedean lattices as prototype constraints, with over 10% surviving a multi-staged stability pre-screening. High-throughput density functional theory (DFT) on 26,000 survived compounds shows that over 50% passed structural optimization at the DFT level. Since the properties of quantum materials are closely related to geometric patterns, our results indicate that SCIGEN provides a general framework for generating quantum materials candidates.
Impact of different weaning strategies of high-frequency ventilation (HFV) on neonatal cerebral oxygen saturation and hemodynamics: protocol for a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liu Wenli , Xiong Tao , Tang Jun , Shi Jing , Chen Chao , Huang Yi , Tian Ke , Zhou Rong , Yuan Zhu , Wang Aoyu , Zhu Jun
Published: November 2024

Background: High-frequency ventilation (HFV) is commonly used in neonatal intensive care units to provide respiratory support for critically ill neonates. Currently, there is no standardized procedure for weaning from HFV. Two commonly used strategies are transitioning from HFV to conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) before extubation (HFV-CMV) and extubation after decreasing mean airway pressure during HFV (HFV-HFV). The impact of these strategies on neonatal cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics remains incompletely understood.
Methods: We will conduct a prospective, single-center, randomized controlled trial to investigate the effects of two different HFV weaning strategies (HFV-CMV, HFV-HFV) on neonatal cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics. The patients enrolled in the trial will be randomly allocated to either the HFV-CMV group or the HFV-HFV group in a 1:1 ratio. The primary outcome will be cerebral oxygen saturation (ScO2) before and after the intervention. Second outcomes are cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction, heart rate, blood pressure, the incidence and severity of intraventricular hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia. We hypothesize that HFV-CMV results in positive impact on neonatal cerebral oxygenation compared to HFV-HFV. This study aims to identify a better weaning strategy for HFV and contribute evidence-based data to enhance its clinical application in newborns, potentially improving the care and outcomes for neonates receiving HFV.
Discussion: This study aims to assessing the impact of different HFV weaning strategies on neonatal cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics, as well as the relationship between the duration of HFV under different strategies and neurological complications, to identify better weaning methods for HFV. We hope to contribute evidence-based data to enhance clinical application of HFV in newborns, potentially improving the care and outcomes for neonates receiving HFV.
Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2400088628. Registered on August 22, 2024, https://www.chictr.org.cn/bin/project/edit?pid=235926
Cardiometabolic health in children with preexisting dyslipidemia: trends and disparities
Authors: First Mary C. , Reilly Keegan J. , Zhang Xiao , Peterson Amy L.
Published: November 2024

Objective(s): To evaluate the impact of a child’s proximity to an urban center on their cardiometabolic health status and their response to treatment of cardiometabolic risk factors. Study Design: Retrospective review of the institutional pediatric lipid clinic database was conducted for all subjects receiving care from 1/1/2011 to 12/31/2023, with subgroup analysis of subjects with ≥ 2 clinical encounters and/or set of laboratory values. Subjects were classified as rural/urban and advantaged/middle/underserved based on their zip code using the Wisconsin Collaborative for Healthcare Quality classification system. Multivariate linear regression was used to examine disparities in baseline cardiometabolic health parameters by urban/rural groupings. Among subjects with multiple encounters, baseline and final available values were analyzed using paired t-tests. Results: 2419 subjects were included in the initial analysis with 75.4% living in urban environments and 51.9% having advantaged status. Urban advantaged children had lower BMI percentiles and waist circumference, but higher LDL-C values compared to other urban groups (p < 0.05). Rural advantaged and middle groups had higher TC, non-HDL-C, LDL-C than the urban groups (p < 0.05). 1522 subjects had ≥ 2 encounters, with significant decreases in all lipid parameters (p < 0.006 for all). There was no change in fasting glucose, HbA1c or ALT. Conclusions: Disparities in cardiometabolic parameters were seen at time of presentation based on rural/urban and advantaged/middle/underserved status, but all groups had similar improvements in cardiometabolic parameters throughout the course of treatment.
A Novel Peptide Encoded by circSRCAP Confers Resistance to Enzalutamide by Inhibiting the Ubiquitin-Dependent Degradation of AR-V7 in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Bai Jin , Meng Xiannan , Wu Qingxuan , Cao Chengsong , Yang Wendong , Chu Sufang , Guo Hongjun , Qi Suhua
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to elucidate mechanisms underlying enzalutamide (ENZ) resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) by investigating the role of circular RNA circSRCAP. Utilizing high-throughput RNA sequencing, circSRCAP was identified as significantly upregulated in ENZ-resistant CRPC cells, correlating with elevated levels of the androgen receptor splice variant-7 (AR-V7) protein. Further analyses revealed that circSRCAP encodes circSRCAP-75aa, a peptide that disrupts AR-V7 regulation by inhibiting the ubiquitination of HSP70, a co-chaperone protein, through dissociating STUB1, a ubiquitin E3 ligase. This mechanism ultimately leads to enhanced AR-V7 expression and consequent resistance to ENZ. Xenograft tumor models confirmed the role of circSRCAP in CRPC progression and its potential as a therapeutic target for ENZ-resistant CRPC. These findings highlight circSRCAP as a crucial epigenetic regulator in determining AR-V7 fate and offer a promising avenue for addressing ENZ resistance in CRPC.
Facile and rapid preparation of magnetic imprinted adsorbent for specific separation and capture of liquid-crystal monomers pollutants in environmental water and soil samples
Authors: Zhang Yueyue , Tang Dingliang , Wu Yuanfei , Huang Xiaojia
Published: November 2024

Specific separation and extraction is a pivotal stage in the accurate quantification of liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) pollutants in complex environmental samples. In this context, a new fluorinated imprinted adsorbent (MIA) for magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) was one-pot prepared within 3.5 h using 4-[difluoro(3,4,5-trifluorophenoxy)methyl]-3,5-difluoro-4'-ethyl-biphenyl (DFBP) as template and 1H,1H,2H,2H-heptadecafluorodecyl acrylate/vinylanthracene as dual monomers. The structure, morphology and magnetic properties of MIA fabricated in the beneficial conditions were investigated by various characterized techniques. Under the optimal parameters, the prepared MIA presented satisfactory specific recognition performance. The recognition factor and adsorption capacity towards DFBP were as high as 2.7 and 15.9 mg/g, respectively. At the same time, the specific recognition behaviors of MIA/MSPE towards DFBP were surveyed by means of adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm. Combining with HPLC coupled with diode array detector (DAD), sensitive, reliable and anti-interference method for the monitoring of LCMs residuals in various environmental water and soil samples was established. The achieved enrichment factors were 132–248 and 96–204 in water and soil samples, respectively. The corresponding limits of detection were 0.0017–0.0051 µg/L and 0.087–0.28 µg/kg, respectively. Moreover, confirmatory experiments were adopted to inspect the accuracy of established MIA/MSPE-HPLC/DAD approach. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that using imprinted material to specific isolation and capture of LCMs which have been classified as emerging organic pollutants.
Oxygen Reduction Reaction Investigations of Ni/MoS2 and Ni/MoS2-rGO Hybrid Catalysts for Fuel Cells Applications
Authors: Shrivastav Monika , Galriya Harshit , Nayak Ripsa Rani , Gupta Navneet Kumar , Kumar Mukesh , Dhiman Rajnish
Published: November 2024

Due to its layered structure and appropriate electronic configuration, two-dimensional MoS2 has been considered a reliable and inexpensive electrocatalyst and electrode material for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Additionally, the MoS2 and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) structure can act as a good host for other nanocatalysts. However, the catalytic activity of pristine MoS2 is not as effective as the industrial targeted values. In this work, Nickel-MoS2 (Ni/MoS2) and Ni/MoS2-rGO composites are synthesized and evaluated as catalysts for ORR at the cathode. Electrochemical studies using a rotating disk electrode system confirmed that the as-synthesized catalyst exhibits good electrocatalytic activity to ORR in alkaline media (0.1 M KOH) and followed the desirable 4e− transfer process. Ni/MoS2-rGO composite displays a current density of ‒11.1 mA/cm2 and onset potential of 0.87 V at 2400 rpm, whereas bare MoS2 shows the values of limiting current density and onset potential of ‒5.8 mA/cm2 and 0.79 V respectively. Numerous highly active Mo sites, high conductivity, and high specific surface area in MoS2-rGO make it a novel catalyst material for ORR. Ni further enhances conductivity and is involved in electrochemical reactions. Therefore, Ni/MoS2-rGO composite can be a good candidate for electrode catalyst material for alkaline fuel cells.
Experimental study on the dust control performance of rotating fog curtain under the perturbation of long-pressure and short-pumping ventilation
Authors: Chen Jingxu , Zhi Yongkai
Published: November 2024

The dust source point in the coal-breaking operation prolonged activities generate substantial dust, diminished the air quality at the tunneling face. This study focuses on the pneumatic vortex fog curtain dust control system in the underground coal mine tunneling face. It explores the dust-trapping performance of this system under the disturbance of a long-pressure and short-suction auxiliary ventilation system. The results indicate that the respiratory dust captured by the fog curtain wall on the driver's working side can be reduced from an average concentration of 135.5mg/m3 to 2.5mg/m3, and on the 15m downwind side of the coal-cutting machine, it decreases from 70.2mg/m3 to 2.5mg/m3. Under the disturbance of the long-pressure and short-suction ventilation system, as the wind speed increases, the rotating fog curtain gap expands, reducing the sealing performance. Without compromising the fog curtain conditions, this combined system achieves efficient dust suppression, significantly improving the working environment at the tunneling face.
Pollen Grain Intensity Identification in the Air using YOLO and RNN: A Review
Authors: E Umamaheswari , V Kanchana Devi , B Sruthakeerthi , Jha Adwaita , Shukla Vaishnavi , Koyani Raj , Bacanin Nebojsa
Published: November 2024

Pollen allergies, also known as hay fever or allergic rhinitis, impact millions of people worldwide, especially during peak seasons when pollen concentrations in the air are elevated. Traditional methods of monitoring pollen levels, such as manual counting and analysis of pollen traps, often result in delayed reports that do not provide real-time data. This limitation leaves individuals with allergies vulnerable to sudden increases in pollen levels. Furthermore, regional variations in pollen concentrations and the influence of environmental factors such as wind patterns, temperature, and humidity make it challenging to offer accurate, localized pollen forecasts. With the advent of advanced machine learning technologies, there is now an opportunity to transform the way pollen is detected and predicted, providing more immediate and personalized solutions for allergy sufferers. The integration of YOLO and RNN models offers a groundbreaking approach to this problem, leveraging both real-time visual analysis and predictive analytics to deliver timely and accurate pollen data.
The YOLO model, widely recognized for its ability to perform real-time object detection, is particularly suited for detecting and classifying pollen grains in outdoor environments. By deploying cameras in strategic locations—such as near parks, forests, or urban areas with high vegetation—this system can capture continuous video feeds or images of the air. YOLO then processes these visual inputs to detect pollen particles in real time, distinguishing them from other airborne particulates like dust or pollution. This visual detection is crucial for 1providing immediate updates on pollen presence in the air. The RNN model complements this by offering a predictive component, using historical pollen data, environmental factors, and trends to forecast future pollen levels.
MSC Classification: 30C45 , 30C50
Exhaled breath analysis using a novel electronic nose for different respiratory disease entities with gas chromatography mass spectrometry validation
Authors: Yu Kai-Lun , Yang Han-Ching , Lee Chien-Feng , Wu Shang-Yu , Ye Zhong-Kai , Rai Sujeet Kumar , Lee Meng-Rui , Tang Kea-Tiong , Wang Jann-Yuan
Published: November 2024

Purpose
Electronic noses (eNose) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) are two important breath analysis approaches for differentiating between respiratory diseases. We evaluated the performance of a novel electronic nose for different respiratory diseases, along with GC-MS for validation.
Materials and Methods
Patients with lung cancer, pneumonia, and structural lung diseases, along with healthy participants were recruited between May 2019 to July 2022. Exhaled breath samples were collected for eNose and GC-MS analysis. Breathprint features from eNose were analyzed using support vector machine model and leave-one-out cross-validation was performed.
Results
A total of 263 participants (including 95 lung cancer, 59 pneumonia, 71 structural lung disease, and 38 healthy participants) were included. Three-dimensional linear discriminant analysis (LDA) showed a clear distribution of breathprints. The overall accuracy of eNose for four groups was 0.738 (194/263). The accuracy was 0.86 (61/71), 0.81 (77/95), 0.53 (31/59), and 0.66 (25/38) for structural lung disease, lung cancer, pneumonia, and control groups respectively. Pair-wise diagnostic performance comparison revealed excellent discriminant power (AUC: 1-0.813) among four groups. The best performance was between structural lung disease and healthy controls (AUC: 1), followed by lung cancer and structural lung disease (AUC: 0.958). Volatile organic compounds revealed a high individual occurrence rate of cyclohexanone and N,N-dimethylacetamide in pneumonic patients, ethyl acetate in structural lung disease, and 2,3,4-trimethylhexane in lung cancer patients.
Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that the novel eNose effectively differentiates between respiratory diseases and has potential as a point-of-care diagnostic tool. GC-MS also identified candidate VOC biomarkers for different diseases.
Fairness Identification of Large Language Models in Recommendation
Authors: Liu Wei , Liu Baisong , Qin Jiangcheng , Zhang Xueyuan , Huang Weiming , Wang Yangyang
Published: November 2024

Ensuring fairness in recommendation systems necessitates that models do not discriminate against users based on demographic information such as gender and age. Current fairness strategies often apply a unified fairness intervention, presuming that users' recommendation results are adversely influenced by sensitive attributes. This approach can sometimes diminish both the utility and fairness of recommendations for certain users. Drawing inspiration from the studies of human-like behavior in large language models(LLMs), we investigate whether LLMs can serve as fairness recognizers in recommendation systems. Specifically, we explore if the fairness awareness inherent in LLMs can be harnessed to construct fair recommendations. To this end, we generate recommendation results on MovieLens and LastFM datasets using the Variational Autoencoder(VAE) and VAE with integrated fairness strategies. Our findings reveal that LLMs can indeed recognize fair recommendations by evaluating the fairness of users' recommendation results. We then propose a method to design fair recommendations by incorporating LLMs: replacing the recommendation results generated by the VAE of users identified as unfair by LLMs with those generated by a fair VAE. Evaluating these reconstructed recommendations demonstrates that leveraging the fairness recognition capabilities of LLMs achieves a better balance between effectiveness and fairness.
Optimization of dispersion angle in resonant cavity micro-light-emitting diode using multilayer DBR and microlens structures
Authors: Lee Tzu-Yi , Huang Chien-Chi , Hsiao Fu-He , Sher Chin-Wei , Lin Gong-Ru , Chen Li-Yin , Chen Fang-Chung , Lin Chia-Feng , He Jr-Hau , Hong Kuo-Bin , Hong Yu-Heng , Kuo Hao-Chung
Published: November 2024

In this paper, the fabrication and the corresponding performance characteristics of resonant cavity micro-light-emitting diodes (RC-µ-LEDs) are examined, with particular emphasis placed on reducing the light emission angle to enhance their application efficiency. A stepped quantum well structure and a multilayer aperture distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) are used to reduce the light emission angle, and two different approaches are investigated: one is by adding a multilayer DBR structure, and the other is by incorporating a microlens (ML) structure. The experimental results show that both adjusting the DBR cycles and adding microlenses can effectively reduce the dispersion angle of light emission, and thus improving the directionality of light, wavelength stability, and the overall device performance. Such highly directional light sources offer great solutions for optical communications, micro-LEDs, and augmented reality (AR) applications.
A potent small molecule, AS2863619, enhances the osteogenic potential and ameliorates the inflammation-induced impairment of osteogenesis in periodontal ligament stem cells
Authors: He Haipeng , Li Dongcai , Huang Jiamin , Cheng Baohui , Yang Dunhui , Yuan Jingyi , Yuan Xueshun , Zhao Meizhen , Zeng Xianhai , Li Quanli , Liu Zhiqiang , Hu Tianyong
Published: November 2024

Background Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) represent a promising source for the regeneration of periodontal tissues. However, these cells may experience functional alterations during in vitro expansion and culture, as well as under inflammatory conditions. In this study, we investigated AS2863619 (AS), a small molecule drug with potential applications in immune disease research, to evaluate its effects on the osteogenic potential of PDLSCs and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action.
Methods The effect of AS on the proliferation of PDLSCs was evaluated using a CCK-8 assay. The osteogenic potential of PDLSCs was assessed through alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity staining or Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining to detect mineralized nodules. Inflammatory injury in PDLSCs was induced by treating them with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rhTNF-α) . Transcriptome sequencing was employed to investigate the potential target of AS for rescuing osteogenic differentiation from inflammatory injury. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis were conducted to determine the expression levels of osteogenic gene markers and associated signaling pathways. Various small molecule inhibitors, agonists, and recombinant proteins were utilized to modulate relevant signaling pathways as specified in the text.
Results The proliferation of PDLSCs was inhibited by AS at 250 nM after 1 day of culture, whereas AS at 125 nM inhibited their proliferation after 3 and 5 days of culture. Additionally, AS significantly enhanced the ALP activity of PDLSCs and accelerated the formation time of mineralized nodules, while suppressing their adipogenic differentiation ability. Furthermore, AS promoted the levels of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)2 and phosphorylated (p)-SMAD1/5 without significant effects on p-ERK, p-P38, and p-JNK levels. Moreover, AS effectively augmented rhTNF-α-inhibited ALP activity in PDLSCs and attenuated rhTNF-α-induced components involved in retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor signaling pathway including RIG-I, MDA5, and ISG15.
Conclusions AS is a potent small molecule that effectively enhances the osteogenic potential of PDLSCs, potentially by augmenting BMP2/SMAD signaling. Additionally, AS significantly improves the inflammation-induced impairment of osteogenic potential in PDLSCs and may contribute to osteogenic rescue through inhibition of rhTNF-α-induced RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway.
Reef Foraminifera: Artificial vs. Natural Environments
Authors: MINHAT FATIN IZZATI , Shaari Hasrizal , Saelan Wan Nurzalia Wan , Abdullah Farah Amelia Bee , Malek Muhammad Naim Abdul , Yang Shouye , Sharudin Nursyafiqah Syazana
Published: November 2024

The success of artificial reefs is influenced by localised oceanographic factors including wave exposure, sedimentation rates, and proximity to natural reef environments. The Bidong Shipwreck, on the shallow shelf of the South China Sea, is a hotspot for meiobenthos. This study compared foraminifera distribution at the Bidong Shipwreck with that of the adjacent natural reef of Bidong Island. Foraminiferal assemblages at the shipwreck were less diverse. Amphistegina spp. were the most dominant genus at both study sites. Calcarinids—such as Calcarina and Neorotalia spp.—occurred only on the natural reef. Cluster analysis categorised the foraminiferal assemblages from both sites into three distinct groups based on substrate preference. Group A consisted of foraminiferal assemblages from the shallow reef area of Bidong Island with a sandy substrate, where Nummulites and Peneroplis spp. were indicator species. Group B represented a mix of stations from both the shipwreck and natural reef, characterised by water depths > 18 m and a muddy sand substrate, with Amphistegina spp. comprising ~ 80% of this assemblage. Group C displayed a more diverse distribution of foraminiferal species, including a mix of symbiont-bearing and heterotrophic taxa coexisting within the coarser sediments. Despite being over 500 years old, the Bidong Shipwreck does not exhibit a foraminiferal assemblage similar to that of the nearby natural reef. Differences in substrate type and water depth between these sites caused foraminiferal assemblage shifts. This suggests that although artificial reefs can have beneficial effects on fish biomass and meiobenthic communities, their impact on protists such as foraminifera can be markedly different.
Association of Gallstone Disease with Increased Risk of Sarcopenia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zeng Di , Lu Jiong , Chen Jinhong
Published: November 2024

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders related to chronic liver and biliary diseases are increasingly recognized, with a growing body of observational studies linking these conditions. This study investigates the association between gallstone disease and sarcopenia, exploring the implications for patient health outcomes.
Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted involving 1,683 participants to assess the relationship between gallstones and sarcopenia. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) for sarcopenia were calculated using logistic regression models, controlling for sociodemographic and health-related factors.
Results: Among the participants, those with gallstones had a higher likelihood of sarcopenia, with adjusted odds ratios of 2.15 in Model 1 and 2.71 in Model 2. The risk was particularly pronounced in females, with an odds ratio of 2.756. Additionally, individuals with diabetes faced an elevated odds ratio of 8.576 for developing sarcopenia. Although trends in increased risk were observed in other subgroups, such as those with hypertension and younger adults, these did not achieve statistical significance. An inverse relationship was also noted between appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and gallstone occurrence.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that gallstone disease increases the risk of sarcopenia, highlighting the need for integrated management strategies that include nutritional evaluations and exercise interventions. Further longitudinal research is essential to clarify causal relationships and underlying mechanisms.
The association between Healthy Lifestyle Score and odds of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
Authors: Hedayati Safoora , Doostmohammadian Azam , Jambarsang Sara , Maadi Mansooreh , Zamani Farhad , Hoseinzadeh Mahdieh
Published: November 2024

Background: This study aimed to determine the association between the Healthy Lifestyle Score (HLS), as a comprehensive index that reflects the combined role of four lifestyle environmental factors, including weight, physical activity, diet, and smoking, with the odds of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD).
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 2979 participants aged 18–70 years in AmolCS framework. Dietary intake information was determined using a valid food frequency questionnaire. The diet quality was measured using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI). The Healthy Lifestyle Score (HLS) was calculated based on four dichotomous components including smoking status, BMI kg/m2, physical activity and AHEI score. To detect NAFLD in participants an ultrasound scan of the liver was used. Multiple logistic regression models were used to determine the odds ratios of NAFLD across tertiles of HLS.
Results: In the full adjust model, after adjusting for age, sex, physical activity, residency, and energy intake the odds of NAFLD were decreased among the HLS tertiles (OR:0.71; 95%, CI: 0.55-0.91). There was a significant decreasing trend in the odds of NAFLD across increasing tertiles of HLS(p-trend: <0.001). However, AHEI did not differ between healthy people and NAFLD patients (p >0.05).
Conclusions: Our study showed that a diet with a high AHEI score as an independent factor cannot decrease the odds of NAFLD, but adherence to a healthy diet, alongside other components of the HLS including normal BMI, not smoking, and high physical activity are associated with reduced odds of NAFLD by 62 percent.
Delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea – Occurrence and corelates in an international multi-center study in adult oncology patients in clinical practice (CINrate)
Authors: Engst Ramona , Glaus Agnes , Mößner Ulrike , Ott Stefan , Koller Antje
Published: November 2024

Purpose Nausea and vomiting negatively impact patients' quality of life and may influence systemic antitumoral therapy (CHT). Delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea (dCIN), with low and minimally emetogenic CHT, is often underestimated in clinical practice. This study aims to assess dCIN occurrence, focusing on low and minimally emetogenic CHT.Methods In an international multicenter cross-sectional study, patients rated dCIN on a 0-100 scale for five days. The primary endpoint was dCIN in low and minimally emetogenic CHT. Secondary endpoints included known risk factors for CIN and vomiting, like diagnosis, gender etc. The relationship between dCIN and secondary endpoints was determined with a multiple logistic regression model.Results In three day-clinics of accredited cancer centers, 2 in Switzerland and 1 in Southern Germany, 172 patients were recruited. Of these, 31 (18%) received minimally, 65 (38%) low, 61 (36%) moderately and 15 (9%) highly emetogenic CHT. Occurrence of dCIN in low emetogenic CHT was 18.5% (n = 12 of n = 65; 95%CI 10.5–29.1), in minimally emetogenic CHT 3% (n = 1 of n = 31; 95%CI 0.04/14.1). Overall occurrence of dCIN was 18.0% (95%CI 12.8/24.3). Only 3 patients (1.7%; 95% CI 0.5/4.6) experienced vomiting. Stable risk factors for dCIN were diagnosis with a gastrointestinal tumor and younger age. Emetogenicity of antitumoral therapy, fear and nausea in former cycles did not remain in the model.Discussion In clinical settings, acute CIN and vomiting are generally well-managed, but dCIN still poses some challenges. Known risk factors and current antiemetic regimens offer only limited support for the prevention of the remaining occurrence of dCIN.
Investigating influencing factors of medication adherence to inhalers in COPD patients: A study based on the Anderson model
Authors: Yin Chengchen , Luo Yongyong , Shen Kaili , Mao Guangxin , Tang Fushan
Published: November 2024

Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of mortality globally, imposing significant economic burden due to treatment costs. Non-adherence to inhaler therapy is common among COPD patients, contributing to increased hospitalization risk, disease progression, mortality rates, and reduced quality of life.
Objective
To investigate the factors influencing inhaler adherence in COPD patients and provide insights, for improving adherence.
Methods
A questionnaire based on Anderson model was administered to, COPD patients discharged from three tertiary hospitals in Zunyi City and those prescribed inhalers in respiratory departments.
Results
Only 30.90% of patients demonstrated good adherence to inhalers. Key influencing factors identified included contextual characteristics (e.g., management of chronic illness cards), and individual characteristics (e.g., family history, medication beliefs).
Conclusion
COPD patients exhibit suboptimal inhaler adherence. Pharmacists, in collaboration with healthcare professionals, communities, and patient families, should implement targeted interventions to address adherence-related factors and enhance patient quality of life.
Investigating the effect of breastfeeding counselling based on Latch, Position and Information-Motivation-Behavior Model on maternal and neonatal indices: A clinical trial
Authors: Apoorvari Masoume Abdollahi , Haji-Maghsoudi Saiedeh , Ahmadi Atefeh
Published: November 2024

objectives
This study compares the impact of breastfeeding counselling based on the Information-Motivation-Behavior model (IMB) with routine counselling at the breastfeeding counselling center on certain health indices of mothers and their infants.
Methods
The present study is a clinical trial using a convenient sampling method conducted randomly on the referred mothers and their infants. Participants were allocated into two groups "routine counseling at the breastfeeding counseling center" and "breastfeeding counseling based on the Information-Motivation-Behavior Model" (59 mothers and their infants in each group). Demographic information, WHO breastfeeding observation form, latch assessment form, infant weight, maternal body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and postpartum depression questionnaire were filled. Outcomes were reassessed at 2, 4, and 6 months of children’s age for both groups. The infant behaviour questionnaire was completed only at 6 months.
Results
There was no significant difference in demographic variables between the two groups (p > 0.05). In both the routine and intervention groups, maternal blood pressure showed statistically significant changes over time (p < 0.05). In the intervention group, there were significant differences in postpartum depression scores (p < 0.05), maternal BMI (p < 0.05), infant weight scores (p < 0.05), latch assessment scores (p < 0.05), and total score of the WHO breastfeeding observation form (p < 0.05) compared to the routine counselling group. There was no significant statistical difference in infant behaviour scores between the routine and intervention groups (p > 0.05).
Conclusion
Application of counselling with the IMB model can motivate correct breastfeeding behaviours and improve maternal and infant health indices
Trial registration
This trial is registered with the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trial with the identifier IRCT20170611034452N15 (registration date 20230428)
Co-Led Dialectical Behavioral Therapy Skills and Cultural Teachings for Perinatal Persons who are Substance Involved
Authors: Gulbransen Kristen , Shingoose Geraldine , Ashdown Heather , Watson Heather , Phillips-Beck Wanda , Thiessen Kellie
Published: November 2024

Background
This study explored perinatal patient experiences in a co-led Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and Indigenous cultural teachings program. The aim was to understand the programs strengths, impact, and areas for improvement.
Methods
Guided by the Valuing All Voices Framework and using Appreciative Inquiry, interviews were conducted with participants (n = 9) and providers (n = 3) to capture their perspectives on participating and facilitating in the co-led session.
Results
The DBT and Indigenous cultural teachings, co-led by an Indigenous Knowledge Carrier and a Psychiatrist, were presented through a strengths-based approach. Participants engaged with the teachings across the four sessions, which fostered increased hope, emotional regulation, and resilience. They also developed better coping skills, recognized the importance of their self-identity, and strengthened their positive connection to their culture.
Conclusion
The study illustrates a promising DBT and cultural teaching approach for integrating culturally appropriate teachings within perinatal mental health care, responding to calls for Truth and Reconciliation, and addressing health disparities.
Large arterial ring formed by a duplicate origin of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) with a frontal branch arising from the superior channel of the ring (main MCA) diagnosed by magnetic resonance angiography
Authors: Uchino Akira , Kimura Hiroshi
Published: November 2024

Purpose
To describe a case of large arterial ring formed by a duplicate origin of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) associated with a frontal branch arising from the superior channel of the ring (main MCA) using magnetic resonance (MR) angiography.
Methods
An 81-year-old man with spinocerebellar degeneration underwent cranial MR imaging and MR angiography using a 1.5-Tesla scanner. MR angiography was performed using a standard 3-dimensional time-of-flight technique.
Results
MR imaging showed cerebellar atrophy and multiple cerebral white matter lesions. Regarding family history, he was diagnosed with Machado-Joseph disease. On MR angiography, an anomalous artery arose from the lateral wall of the supraclinoid segment of the right internal carotid artery (ICA) and fused with the main MCA, forming a large arterial ring. Thus, the anomalous artery was diagnosed as a duplicate origin of the MCA and not a duplicated MCA. The frontal branch of the MCA arose from the superior channel of the arterial ring (main MCA).
Conclusion
Using catheter angiography, a case of a large arterial ring formed by a duplicate origin of the MCA associated with the frontal branch arising from the superior channel of the ring (main MCA) was previously reported. This variation is called “segmental duplication of the MCA.” However, this term may be confused with a duplicate origin or fenestration of the proximal M1 segment of the MCA. We report the first case of this combined variation diagnosed using MR angiography.