bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DS86760016, a Leucyl-tRNA Synthetase Inhibitor, Is Active against Mycobacterium abscessus
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Quang , Heo Bo Eun , Hanh Bui Thi Bich , Jeon Seunghyeon , Park Yujin , Choudhary Arunima , Lee Sujin , Kim Tae Ho , Moon Cheol , Min Sun-Joon , Jang Jichan
Published: May 2023

Benzoxaboroles are a new class of leucyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitors. Epetraborole, a benzoxaborole, is a clinical candidate developed for Gram-negative infections and has been confirmed to exhibit favorable activity against a well known pulmonary pathogen,
Mycobacterium abscessus
.
Paradoxical Activation of a Type VI Secretion System Phospholipase Effector by Its Cognate Immunity Protein
Authors: Jensen Steven J. , Ruhe Zachary C. , Williams August F. , Nhan Dinh Q. , Garza-Sánchez Fernando , Low David A. , Hayes Christopher S.
Published: May 2023

Gram-negative bacteria use type VI secretion systems deliver toxic effector proteins directly into neighboring competitors. Secreting cells also produce specific immunity proteins that neutralize effector activities to prevent autointoxication.
The pGinger Family of Expression Plasmids
Authors: Pearson Allison N. , Thompson Mitchell G. , Kirkpatrick Liam D. , Ho Cindy , Vuu Khanh M. , Waldburger Lucas M. , Keasling Jay D. , Shih Patrick M.
Published: May 2023

Metabolic engineering and synthetic biology are predicated on the precise control of gene expression. As synthetic biology expands beyond model organisms, more tools will be required that function robustly in a wide range of bacterial hosts. The pGinger family of plasmids constitutes 43 plasmids that will enable both constitutive and inducible gene expression in a wide range of nonmodel
Proteobacteria
.
Risk Factors Associated with Severe RSV Infection in Infants: What Is the Role of Viral Co-Infections?
Authors: Stobbelaar Kim , Mangodt Thomas C. , Van der Gucht Winke , Delhaise Lise , Andries Jasmine , Gille Valérie , Barbezange Cyril , Smet Annemieke , De Winter Benedicte Y. , De Dooy Jozef J. , Schepens Tom , Duval Els L. I. M. , Cos Paul , Jorens Philippe G. , Verhulst Stijn , Delputte Peter L.
Published: May 2023

RSV is worldwide the leading cause of serious airway infections. Up to 90% of children will be infected by the age of 2.
DivIVA Interacts with the Cell Wall Hydrolase MltG To Regulate Peptidoglycan Synthesis in Streptococcus suis
Authors: Jiang Qinggen , Li Boxi , Zhang Liangsheng , Li Tingting , Hu Qiao , Li Haotian , Zou Wenjin , Hu Zhe , Huang Qi , Zhou Rui
Published: May 2023

The peptidoglycan (PG) biosynthesis pathway provides a rich source of novel antimicrobial drug targets. However, bacterial PG synthesis and its regulation is a very complex process involving dozens of proteins.
Supplemental Material: Slow changes in lava chemistry at Kamaʻehuakanaloa linked to sluggish mantle upwelling on the margin of the Hawaiian plume
Authors: Pietruszka Aaron , al. et
Published: May 2023

Sample information, methods, data, and supplemental videos.  
Supplemental Material: Coupling rare earth element analyses and high-resolution topography along fault scarps to investigate past earthquakes: A case study from the Southern Apennines (Italy)
Authors: Bello Simone , al. et
Published: May 2023

Contains Figures S1–S3. 
Dyspnoea in a patient with biopsy-proven pulmonary sarcoidosis: the challenges in diagnosing cardiac sarcoidosis
Authors: Chen Amanda Yin-Chieh , Halani Sheliza , Shah Rupal
Published: May 2023

A man in his 60s with biopsy-proven pulmonary sarcoidosis, not on treatment, presented with 6 weeks of dyspnea to the emergency department. ECG showed first-degree atrioventricular block and CT thorax demonstrated progressive pulmonary sarcoidosis with new multifocal consolidation. Antibiotics were initiated.

A brain natriuretic peptide was elevated at 2024 ng/L and echocardiogram showed global left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Coronary angiogram revealed normal coronary arteries, and cardiac positron emission tomography and MRI demonstrated patterns compatible with cardiac sarcoidosis. The patient significantly improved with diuresis; he was started on prednisone, methotrexate and standard heart failure therapies.

We outline the difficulties of attributing cardiac causes of dyspnoea in a patient with known pulmonary sarcoidosis given the rarity of cardiac involvement. We review proposed diagnostic criteria for cardiac sarcoidosis using enhanced imaging techniques without requiring invasive myocardial biopsy. This case discussion also highlights nuances in managing cardiac sarcoidosis based on the best available evidence and expert consensus.
Autonomous screening for laser photocoagulation in fundus images using deep learning
Authors: Bressler Idan , Aviv Rachelle , Margalit Danny , Rom Yovel , Ianchulev Tsontcho , Dvey-Aharon Zack
Published: May 2023

Background

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness in adults worldwide. Artificial intelligence (AI) with autonomous deep learning algorithms has been increasingly used in retinal image analysis, particularly for the screening of referrable DR. An established treatment for proliferative DR is panretinal or focal laser photocoagulation. Training autonomous models to discern laser patterns can be important in disease management and follow-up.

Methods

A deep learning model was trained for laser treatment detection using the EyePACs dataset. Data was randomly assigned, by participant, into development (n=18 945) and validation (n=2105) sets. Analysis was conducted at the single image, eye, and patient levels. The model was then used to filter input for three independent AI models for retinal indications; changes in model efficacy were measured using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and mean absolute error (MAE).

Results

On the task of laser photocoagulation detection: AUCs of 0.981, 0.95, and 0.979 were achieved at the patient, image, and eye levels, respectively. When analysing independent models, efficacy was shown to improve across the board after filtering. Diabetic macular oedema detection on images with artefacts was AUC 0.932 vs AUC 0.955 on those without. Participant sex detection on images with artefacts was AUC 0.872 vs AUC 0.922 on those without. Participant age detection on images with artefacts was MAE 5.33 vs MAE 3.81 on those without.

Conclusion

The proposed model for laser treatment detection achieved high performance on all analysis metrics and has been demonstrated to positively affect the efficacy of different AI models, suggesting that laser detection can generally improve AI-powered applications for fundus images.
1 Platelet dysfunction in a model of complex military trauma
Authors: Chitambira Herbert , Bates Mark , Watts Sara , Kirkman Emrys
Published: May 2023

Background

Haemorrhage is a principal contributory factor in trauma-related deaths in military (battlefield) and civilian settings. A significant proportion of severely injured casualties develop an early trauma- induced coagulopathy (TIC), which is an independent predictor of death. One aspect of TIC is an alteration in platelet function. In vivo trauma models are often essential to develop new treatments. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether an established model of trauma incorporates platelet dysfunction.

Method

The study was conducted in accordance with the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act, 1986. Blood was collected from terminally anaesthetised pigs before (Baseline) and 30 minutes after the induction of trauma/haemorrhagic shock (S30), and again after 90 minutes of hypotensive resuscitation (R90) with either 0.9% saline, 1:1 packed red cells and plasma (PRBC:FFP) or whole blood (WB). Platelet function was assessed by aggregometry in response to ADP and TRAP (Multiplate®). Platelet count was obtained using a haematology analyser, and shock was quantified by measuring Actual Base Excess (ABE) of arterial blood.

Results

ABE fell significantly from Baseline to S30 and remained negative (-7 ± 1 mM) until R90 in all groups (P<0.001), without significant difference between groups (P=0.4747). Injury, shock and resuscitation were associated with a significant fall in platelet aggregation in response to ADP (P<0.0001) and TRAP (P=0.0006), but no difference between treatment groups (P=0.9388 ADP; P=0.06385 TRAP). The response to TRAP was markedly less than that to ADP. Platelet count fell significantly (P<0.0001), again without significant difference between treatment groups (P=0.8574). After 90 minutes of resuscitation, the response to ADP had fallen to 62% of the baseline response while platelet numbers had only fallen to 85% of baseline over the same period.

Conclusions

Our model of trauma results in an attenuation of platelet function that, in the early phase, is independent of resuscitation strategy.
Implementation of the YEARS algorithm to optimise pulmonary embolism diagnostic workup in the emergency department
Authors: Duffy Juliana , Berger Ferco Henricus , Cheng Ivy , Shelton Dominick , Galanaud Jean-Philippe , Selby Rita , Laing Kristine , Fedorovsky Tali , Matelski John , Hall Justin
Published: May 2023

Background

Excessive use of CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) to investigate pulmonary embolism (PE) in the emergency department (ED) contributes to adverse patient outcomes. Non-invasive D-dimer testing, in the context of a clinical algorithm, may help decrease unnecessary imaging but this has not been widely implemented in Canadian EDs.

Aim

To improve the diagnostic yield of CTPA for PE by 5% (absolute) within 12 months of implementing the YEARS algorithm.

Measures and design

Single centre study of all ED patients >18 years investigated for PE with D-dimer and/or CTPA between February 2021 and January 2022. Primary and secondary outcomes were the diagnostic yield of CTPA and frequency of CTPA ordered compared with baseline. Process measures included the percentage of D-dimer tests ordered with CTPA and CTPAs ordered with D-dimers <500 µg/L Fibrinogen Equivalent Units (FEU). The balancing measure was the number of PEs identified on CTPA within 30 days of index visit. Multidisciplinary stakeholders developed plan- do-study-act cycles based on the YEARS algorithm.

Results

Over 12 months, 2695 patients were investigated for PE, of which 942 had a CTPA. Compared with baseline, the CTPA yield increased by 2.9% (12.6% vs 15.5%, 95% CI −0.06% to 5.9%) and the proportion of patients that underwent CTPA decreased by 11.4% (46.4% vs 35%, 95% CI −14.1% to −8.8%). The percentage of CTPAs ordered with a D-dimer increased by 26.3% (30.7% vs 57%, 95% CI 22.2% 30.3%) and there were two missed PE (2/2695, 0.07%).

Impact

Implementing the YEARS criteria may safely improve the diagnostic yield of CTPAs and reduce the number of CTPAs completed without an associated increase in missed clinically significant PEs. This project provides a model for optimising the use of CTPA in the ED.
External validation of triage tools for adults with suspected COVID-19 in a middle-income setting: an observational cohort study
Authors: Marincowitz Carl , Sbaffi Laura , Hasan Madina , Hodkinson Peter , McAlpine David , Fuller Gordon , Goodacre Steve , Bath Peter A , Omer Yasein , Wallis Lee A
Published: May 2023

Background

Tools proposed to triage ED acuity in suspected COVID-19 were derived and validated in higher income settings during early waves of the pandemic. We estimated the accuracy of seven risk-stratification tools recommended to predict severe illness in the Western Cape, South Africa.

Methods

An observational cohort study using routinely collected data from EDs across the Western Cape, from 27 August 2020 to 11 March 2022, was conducted to assess the performance of the PRIEST (Pandemic Respiratory Infection Emergency System Triage) tool, NEWS2 (National Early Warning Score, version 2), TEWS (Triage Early Warning Score), the WHO algorithm, CRB-65, Quick COVID-19 Severity Index and PMEWS (Pandemic Medical Early Warning Score) in suspected COVID-19. The primary outcome was intubation or non-invasive ventilation, death or intensive care unit admission at 30 days.

Results

Of the 446 084 patients, 15 397 (3.45%, 95% CI 34% to 35.1%) experienced the primary outcome. Clinical decision-making for inpatient admission achieved a sensitivity of 0.77 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.78), specificity of 0.88 (95% CI 0.87 to 0.88) and the negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.99 (95% CI 0.99 to 0.99). NEWS2, PMEWS and PRIEST scores achieved good estimated discrimination (C-statistic 0.79 to 0.82) and identified patients at risk of adverse outcomes at recommended cut-offs with moderate sensitivity (>0.8) and specificity ranging from 0.41 to 0.64. Use of the tools at recommended thresholds would have more than doubled admissions, with only a 0.01% reduction in false negative triage.

Conclusion

No risk score outperformed existing clinical decision-making in determining the need for inpatient admission based on prediction of the primary outcome in this setting. Use of the PRIEST score at a threshold of one point higher than the previously recommended best approximated existing clinical accuracy.
6 The advantages of defence medical engagement
Authors:   Lt Col Robert A Salaman
Published: May 2023

The Ground Manoeuvre Surgical Group was established to provide DCR/DCS support to Operation Newcombe, the UK contribution to MINUSMA, a UN stabilisation and support mission in Mali. Opportunities arose during my tour to forge closer relationships with other nations’ surgical teams to the benefit of all.

The UK team delivered a trauma SIM session in the as-yet untested temporary French facility during the drawdown of OP Barkhane. Several human factors issues were identified, and procedures changed prior to the facility going live. Subsequently I was invited to attend when a UK soldier required emergency care in the French facility. I gained multinational working experience and the UK soldier was reassured by a UK presence in the surgical team.

Informal weekly meetings with the Germans and Swedes enabled a thorough understanding of each teams’ experience and skills. The UK team were consequently invited to lead the damage control surgery of an Egyptian UN soldier with multiple limb injuries from an IED strike. This provided valuable experience for the UK orthopaedic and general surgeons and an ODP. The UK team was subsequently able to significantly contribute to the after-action review as well as providing significant expertise and training to the greater UN team for future MMI planning.

Two of the five UK Defence Engagement Strategy’s aims are “Capability and capacity building, and Access and influence. By enthusiastically engaging with the medical teams of all nations, the UK GMSG team enhanced its capability and gained significant access and influence to the benefit of injured soldiers.
Fifty-year forecasts of daily smoking prevalence: can Australia reach 5% by 2030?
Authors: Wade Stephen , Weber Marianne F , Sarich Peter , Caruana Michael , Watts Christina , Vaneckova Pavla , Ngo Preston , Cressman Sonya , Scollo Michelle , Banks Emily , Gartner Coral E , Grogan Paul B , Blakely Tony , Tammemagi Martin C , Canfell Karen
Published: May 2023

Objective

To compare 50-year forecasts of Australian tobacco smoking rates in relation to trends in smoking initiation and cessation and in relation to a national target of ≤5% adult daily prevalence by 2030.

Methods

A compartmental model of Australian population daily smoking, calibrated to the observed smoking status of 229 523 participants aged 20–99 years in 26 surveys (1962–2016) by age, sex and birth year (1910–1996), estimated smoking prevalence to 2066 using Australian Bureau of Statistics 50-year population predictions. Prevalence forecasts were compared across scenarios in which smoking initiation and cessation trends from 2017 were continued, kept constant or reversed.

Results

At the end of the observation period in 2016, model-estimated daily smoking prevalence was 13.7% (90% equal-tailed interval (EI) 13.4%–14.0%). When smoking initiation and cessation rates were held constant, daily smoking prevalence reached 5.2% (90% EI 4.9%–5.5%) after 50 years, in 2066. When initiation and cessation rates continued their trajectory downwards and upwards, respectively, daily smoking prevalence reached 5% by 2039 (90% EI 2037–2041). The greatest progress towards the 5% goal came from eliminating initiation among younger cohorts, with the target met by 2037 (90% EI 2036–2038) in the most optimistic scenario. Conversely, if initiation and cessation rates reversed to 2007 levels, estimated prevalence was 9.1% (90% EI 8.8%–9.4%) in 2066.

Conclusion

A 5% adult daily smoking prevalence target cannot be achieved by the year 2030 based on current trends. Urgent investment in concerted strategies that prevent smoking initiation and facilitate cessation is necessary to achieve 5% prevalence by 2030.
Acetazolamide for metabolic alkalosis complicating respiratory failure with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or obesity hypoventilation syndrome: a systematic review
Authors: Bemand Timothy John , Chatoor Richard , Natale Patrizia , Strippoli Giovanni , Delaney Anthony
Published: May 2023

Background

Metabolic alkalosis may lead to respiratory inhibition and increased need for ventilatory support or prolongation of weaning from ventilation for patients with chronic respiratory disease. Acetazolamide can reduce alkalaemia and may reduce respiratory depression.

Methods

We searched Medline, EMBASE and CENTRAL from inception to March 2022 for randomised controlled trials comparing acetazolamide to placebo in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity hypoventilation syndrome or obstructive sleep apnoea, hospitalised with acute respiratory deterioration complicated by metabolic alkalosis. The primary outcome was mortality and we pooled data using random-effects meta-analysis. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 (Risk of Bias 2) tool, heterogeneity was assessed using the I2value and χ2test for heterogeneity. Certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations) methodology.

Results

Four studies with 504 patients were included. 99% of included patients had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. No trials recruited patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. 50% of trials recruited patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Risk of bias was overall low to some risk. There was no statistically significant difference with acetazolamide in mortality (relative risk 0.98 (95% CI 0.28 to 3.46); p=0.95; 490 participants; three studies; GRADE low certainty) or duration of ventilatory support (mean difference −0.8 days (95% CI −7.2 to 5.6); p=0.36; 427 participants; two studies; GRADE: low certainty).

Conclusion

Acetazolamide may have little impact on respiratory failure with metabolic alkalosis in patients with chronic respiratory diseases. However, clinically significant benefits or harms are unable to be excluded, and larger trials are required.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021278757.
Production of strangeonium $$\phi (1680)$$ state in electromagnetic probe-driven scatterings and hadron–hadron ultraperipheral collisions
Authors: Dong Chen , Hou Yuhang , Wang Xiao-Yun , Xie Ya-Ping , Chen Xurong , Zhang Li
Published: May 2023

In this work, the$$\gamma p\rightarrow \phi (1680) p$$γp→ϕ(1680)preaction is systematically studied based on the two gluon exchange model and the pomeron model. The calculation results show that the total cross section of$$\phi (1680)$$ϕ(1680)photoproduction can reach more than 80 nb near the center-of-mass energy$$W=4$$W=4 GeV, so it is suggested that JLab and other experiments carry out relevant measurements. Moreover, under the framework of the vector meson dominance assumption, the scattering length of$$\phi (1680)$$ϕ(1680)and proton interaction is estimated as$$0.07\pm 0.01$$0.07±0.01 fm from the cross sections predicted by the theoretical models, which is on the same order of magnitude as the$$\phi (1020)$$ϕ(1020)-pscattering length. In addition, the total cross section, number of events and rapidity distribution of$$\phi (1680)$$ϕ(1680)production are predicted at Electron-Ion colliders (EICs) and ultra-peripheral collisions (UPCs) by using eSTARlight and STARlight code. The study of$$\phi (1680)$$ϕ(1680)and relevant properties is of enlightening significance in better understanding the strangeonium family spectrum, and provides necessary data support for the future experiment of EICs and UPCs.
Local eigenvalue statistics for higher-rank Anderson models after Dietlein–Elgart
Authors: Herschenfeld Samuel , Hislop Peter D.
Published: May 2023

We use the method of eigenvalue level spacing developed by Dietlein and Elgart [Level spacing and Poisson statistics for continuum random Schrödinger operators, J. Eur. Math. Soc. (JEMS) 23(4) (2021) 1257–1293] to prove that the local eigenvalue statistics (LES) for the Anderson model on [Formula: see text], with uniform higher-rank [Formula: see text], single-site perturbations, is given by a Poisson point process with intensity measure [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the density of states at energy [Formula: see text] in the region of localization near the spectral band edges. This improves the result of Hislop and Krishna [Eigenvalue statistics for random Schrödinger operators with non-rank one perturbations, Comm. Math. Phys. 340(1) (2015) 125–143], who proved that the LES is a compound Poisson process with Lévy measure supported on the set [Formula: see text]. Our proofs are an application of the ideas of Dietlein and Elgart to these higher-rank lattice models with two spectral band edges, and illustrate, in a simpler setting, the key steps of the proof of Dietlein and Elgart.
Symmetries in non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics
Authors: Hasler David , Lange Markus
Published: May 2023

We define symmetries in non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics, which have the physical interpretation of rotation, parity, and time reversal symmetry. We collect transformation properties related to these symmetries in Fock space representation as well as in the Schrödinger representation. As an application, we generalize and improve theorems about Kramers’ degeneracy in non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics.
Impact of tiny nanoparticles on generalized Eyring–Powell liquid subject to activation energy
Authors: Anjum Nazish , Khan Waqar Azeem , Ali Mehboob , Hussain Iftikhar
Published: May 2023

Due to innumerable applications of nanofluid in heat transfer phenomena as well as engineering processes, the research on this innovative fluid over conventional fluid got popularity among researchers. Here, we have considered a non-Darcy porous surface medium for generalized Eyring–Powell fluid model under thermophoretic as well as Brownian movements. No mass flux phenomena along with heat sink-source and activation energy aspects are scrutinized; characteristics of random motion of fluid and thermophoresis diffusion characteristics for generalized Eyring–Powell fluid are examined briefly. The system of nonlinear PDEs is reduced to nonlinear ODEs by using the similarity variable technique; the numerical scheme bvp4c is used along with shooting technique. The physical aspects like flow of fluid, temperature profile, concentration for variation of concerned parameters have been computed and demonstrated pictorially with the help of graphs. It is observed that the velocity of nanofluid declines by increasing values of the power law index ([Formula: see text] and Eyring–Powell liquid parameters. Augmented values of Brownian moment, thermophoresis parameter as well as heat source rise with increase in temperature of nanofluid. The concentration profile of generalized Eyring–Powell nanofluid deteriorates for higher values of Schmidt number. Moreover, the transportation rate of heat declines against Pr, while it rises by increasing values of [Formula: see text].
The first detection time of one-dimensional systems with long-range interactions
Authors: Meng Xiangjia , Chen Longxi
Published: May 2023

We studied the first detection problem of the quantum particle transition on a one-dimensional Lévy crystal, which includes the long-range interactions and the transition process on the system can be described by the spatial fractional Schrödinger equation. The results demonstrate that the long-range interactions can be directly obtained for short time. The average detection times [Formula: see text] and the corresponding variance [Formula: see text] are discontinuous with respect to the detection interval [Formula: see text], which could be caused by the beat of the detection frequency [Formula: see text] and the oscillation frequency of the first detection probability [Formula: see text].
Self-affine pionization in p–p collisions at LHC energy
Authors: Bhattacharjee Shreya , Paul Subhadeep , Ahmed Azharuddin , Tawfik Abdel Nasser , Haldar Prabir Kr.
Published: May 2023

The two-dimensional intermittency and its self-affine nature are investigated for p–p collisions at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]TeV in the two-dimensional anisotropic [Formula: see text] space. The UrQMD model has been employed to generate and accumulate the p–p collisions data. Our investigation is made in the framework of scaled factorial moment (SFM) method. The concept of Hurst exponent [Formula: see text] is incorporated to bring a qualitative comparison between the UrQMD generated minimum bias (MB) events and the events at a particular impact parameter [Formula: see text] fm. The variation of the fractal strength with the variation of [Formula: see text] as well as with the variation of the order of the moment [Formula: see text] has been analyzed. Also, the nonlinearity in the variation of SFM with that of [Formula: see text] has been accompanied in this paper. It is observed that the fractal strength and the intermittent type of fluctuations are found to be much stronger in the region with [Formula: see text] compared to the region with [Formula: see text] and the self-affine nature in the fluctuations increases as [Formula: see text] deviates from unity.
DYNAMIC HYPERLEDGER NFT ON FEDERATED LEARNING FOR PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES IN THE COVID-19 TIMES
Authors: AGUILERA RICARDO CARREÑO , BANDA ADAN ACOSTA , ORTIZ MIGUEL PATIÑO , ORTIZ JULIAN PATIÑO
Published: May 2023

This paper proposes an innovative method to take advantage of Blockchain Convolutional Neural Networks (BCNNs) in Emotion Recognition (ER). Based on Artificial Intelligence, this proposal uses audio-visual emotion patterns to determine psychiatric profiles to attend to the most urgent as a priority. BCNN architectures were used to identify emergency patterns. The results indicate that the proposed method is adequate for classifying and identifying audio-visual patterns using Deep Learning (DL) with Boltzmann’s restricted machines. It is concluded that it is sufficient to consider the audio-visible critical features from the patient’s face and voice for the proposed model to recognize a psychiatric services emergency for immediate action: the emergency with no control and the Emergency under control. User personal dynamic profiles are stored in the blockchain ecosystem since they are deemed sensitive data. System security is provided by blockchain and authentication uses non-fungible tokens (NFT) technology.
A Bayesian Approach to the Estimation of Road Profile and Bridge Damage from a Fleet Passing Vehicle Measurements
Authors: O’Brien Eugene J. , Wilson Simon , Keenahan Jennifer , Ren Yifei
Published: May 2023

This paper presents a new way to determine road profile and detect bridge damage using accelerations from a fleet of passing vehicles. Using off-bridge data, a Bayesian approach updates estimates of the road profile and vehicle properties. The profile elevations and vehicle properties are shown to be insensitive to random noise in acceleration measurements. On-bridge data, with recently updated vehicle properties, are used to estimate bridge damage. Bearing damage and local crack damage in a bridge are simulated. For bearing damage, the results show that this method can quantify the damage level of a bearing and infer other bridge properties. For local crack damage, the levels and the location of the damage are inferred from the simulated measurements.
Serviceability Assessment of Footbridges Under Heel-Drop Impact Considering Human Structure Interaction
Authors: Zhao Yunfei , Gan Dan , Li Jiang , Chen Y. Frank , Yuan Kang
Published: May 2023

The vibration serviceability of a long-span landscape footbridge was comprehensively investigated both experimentally and numerically. Specifically, the dynamic responses of the footbridge under heel-drop impacts, such as the peak acceleration and maximum transient vibration value (MTVV), were determined by tests, and the heel-drop loads were measured. In addition, the modal analysis was performed to obtain the natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes of the footbridge. As a result, the footbridge had low frequency (4.22[Formula: see text]Hz) and modal damping ratio (1.77%). Comparing the test results with the China design code, AISC design guide, and ISO standard, the footbridge generally exhibited satisfactory vibration perceptibility. A finite element (FE) model considering the interaction between human and structure was established and validated with the test results. To validate the human–structure interaction (HSI) model in the future with a simple heel-drop excitation test, a heel-drop load model is proposed. The ratio of root-mean-square (RMS) acceleration to peak acceleration is also proposed to calculate the MTVV conveniently.
Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical behavior of methyl pheophorbide a - zinc phthalocyanine dyad
Authors: Moiseeva Ekaterina O. , Trashin Stanislav A. , Balashova Irina O. , Kosov Anton D. , Dubinina Tatiana V. , Pushkarev Victor E.
Published: May 2023

The electrochemical properties of a covalently linked conjugate (Dyad) composed of methyl pheophorbide a (Pheo a) and zinc(II) 2-(2-hydroxymethylbenzyloxy)-9(10),16(17),23(24)-tri-tert-butylphthalocyaninate (ZnPc) were studied. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) measurements revealed three reductions at -1.59, 1.78 and -2.03 V vs. [Formula: see text]/Fc and four oxidations at 0.06, 0.47, 0.57 and 0.87 V vs. [Formula: see text]/Fc in [Formula: see text]-DCB containing 0.05 M TBAPF6. The first reduction included two overlapped processes, the reduction of Pheo a followed by the reduction of ZnPc, separated byca. 0.08 V. Compared to individual components, the ZnPc subunit in Dyad undergoes the first oxidation more easily with a cathodic shift of potential by 0.08 V, while Pheo a subunit, on the contrary, is more difficult to oxidize showing an anodic potential shift of 0.14 V. This indicates a certain interaction between the two subunits in Dyad, which is additionally confirmed by a slight bathochromic shift of the Q band positions in the UV-vis spectra of Dyad relative to its components. Moreover, the cathodic shift of the second oxidation potential of the ZnPc subunit concerning individual ZnPc reaches 0.35 V, indicating an intensification of the electronic interaction between [Formula: see text] and Pheo a in Dyad. The spectroelectrochemical experiment showed that the reversible first oxidation of the ZnPc subunit is followed by its irreversible second oxidation, which proceeds slightly ahead of the first oxidation of the Pheo a fragment. Thus, both electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical studies support the conclusion on the enhanced interaction between [Formula: see text] and Pheo a in Dyad, which even leads to a change in the order of their further oxidations.
A Survey on Code Representation
Authors: Nagy Peter D. , Najafabadi Marzieh Ahmadi , Davoudi Heidar
Published: May 2023

Recently, many machine learning models have been proposed to understand and analyze Programming Languages (PLs). While there are some similarities between PLs and Natural Language Processing (NLP), the former one has its own unique challenges. In this survey, we investigate current approaches tackling representation learning of codes and associated downstream tasks that can be solved with them. We present and compare the state-of-the-art models specifically designed for embedding PLs in low-dimensional space, and demonstrate how these embedding methods are related to representation learning approaches in NLP. We also compare benchmark experiments on multiple code-related tasks and evaluate the models for each specific application.
Metaphorical User Simulators for Evaluating Task-oriented Dialogue Systems
Authors: Sun Weiwei , Guo Shuyu , Zhang Shuo , Ren Pengjie , Chen Zhumin , de Rijke Maarten , Ren Zhaochun
Published: May 2023

Task-oriented dialogue systems (TDSs) are assessed mainly in an offline setting or through human evaluation. The evaluation is often limited to single-turn or is very time-intensive. As an alternative, user simulators that mimic user behavior allow us to consider a broad set of user goals to generate human-like conversations for simulated evaluation. Employing existing user simulators to evaluate TDSs is challenging as user simulators are primarily designed to optimize dialogue policies for TDSs and have limited evaluation capabilities. Moreover, the evaluation of user simulators is an open challenge.

In this work, we propose a metaphorical user simulator for end-to-end TDS evaluation, where we define a simulator to be metaphorical if it simulates a user’s analogical thinking in interactions with systems. We also propose a tester-based evaluation framework to generate variants, i.e., dialogue systems with different capabilities. Our user simulator constructs a metaphorical user model that assists the simulator in reasoning by referring to prior knowledge when encountering new items. We estimate the quality of simulators by checking the simulated interactions between simulators and variants. Our experiments are conducted using three TDS datasets. The proposed user simulator demonstrates better consistency with manual evaluation than an agenda-based simulator and a seq2seq model on three datasets; our tester framework demonstrates efficiency and has been tested on multiple tasks, such as conversational recommendation and e-commerce dialogues.
Optogenetic Methods in Plant Biology
Authors: Konrad Kai R. , Gao Shiqiang , Zurbriggen Matias D. , Nagel Georg
Published: May 2023

Optogenetics is a technique employing natural or genetically engineered photoreceptors in transgene organisms to manipulate biological activities with light. Light can be turned on or off, and adjusting its intensity and duration allows optogenetic fine-tuning of cellular processes in a noninvasive and spatiotemporally resolved manner. Since the introduction of Channelrhodopsin-2 and phytochrome-based switches nearly 20 years ago, optogenetic tools have been applied in a variety of model organisms with enormous success, but rarely in plants. For a long time, the dependence of plant growth on light and the absence of retinal, the rhodopsin chromophore, prevented the establishment of plant optogenetics until recent progress overcame these difficulties. We summarize the recent results of work in the field to control plant growth and cellular motion via green light–gated ion channels and present successful applications to light-control gene expression with single or combined photoswitches in plants. Furthermore, we highlight the technical requirements and options for future plant optogenetic research.
Revisiting specific force loss in human permeabilized single skeletal muscle fibers obtained from older individuals
Authors: Kalakoutis Michaeljohn , Pollock Ross D. , Lazarus Norman R. , Atkinson R. Andrew , George Marc , Berber Onur , Woledge Roger C. , Ochala Julien , Harridge Stephen D. R.
Published: May 2023

Whether specific force (SF) decreases with advancing age in human single skeletal muscle fibers is uncertain. Equivocal published findings may be due to the different physical activity levels of the elderly cohorts studied and/or different chemical solutions used to measure force. We compared single fiber SF between young adults, elderly cyclists, and hip fracture patients (HFP) using two solutions. The solution used significantly affected force and revealed a difference in sensitivity of HFP muscle fibers.
Helium Ion Microscopy and Sectioning of Spider Silk
Authors: Iachina Irina , Brewer Jonathan R. , Rubahn Horst-Günter , Fiutowski Jacek
Published: May 2023

Focused ion beams have recently emerged as a powerful tool for ultrastructural imaging of biological samples. In this article, we show that helium ion microscopy (HIM), in combination with ion milling, can be used to visualize the inner structure of both major and minor ampullate silk fibers of the orb-web weaving spider Nephila madagascariensis. The internal nanofibrils were imaged in pristine silk fibers, with little or no damage to the sample structure observed. Furthermore, a method to cut/rupture the fibers using He+ ions combined with internal sample tension is presented. This showed that the stretching and rupturing of spider silk is a highly dynamic process with considerable material reorganization.
A Severity Score and Outcome Prediction in Patients that Suffered an Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Roman-Filip Corina , Catană (Vlădoiu) Maria-Gabriela , Văleanu Mădălina , Mihăilă Romeo-Gabriel
Published: May 2023

Background. Stroke is the main cause of disability and exitus worldwide. The prediction of mortality of this pathology represents a major challenge. More than that, the infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus is a challenge for every clinician worldwide, and hypercoagulability is one of its biggest concerns that can lead to stroke. Objective. Our aim was to develop a severity stroke index for both SARS-CoV-2 stroke patients and noninfected stroke patients which we hope to be helpful in patient’s management. Methods. We conducted a prospective study during January 2021–June 2021 which included 80 patients who suffered an ischemic stroke, 40 of which had both stroke and SARS-CoV-2 infection. We have established a panel of biomarkers including CRP, IL-6, fibrinogen, ESR, D-dimer, leucocytes, lymphocytes, and NLR and compared the results of our two cohorts. Results. SARS-CoV-2 stroke patients have experienced elevated levels of biomarkers that rise in inflammation such as hs-CRP, IL-6, and D-dimer, comparing to noninfected stroke patients. Also, the probability of exitus in SARS-CoV-2 patients is 4.2 times higher than in noninfected subjects. With regard to stroke severity, we have concluded that a NIHSS score higher than 15 points considerably influences the death rate, the probability of exitus being 9.16 times higher than in NIHSS score lower than 15. Conclusion. Based on our result, we have established a severity score index which includes NIHSS score, age, gender, the presence/absence of COVID-19 infection, and the following biomarkers: hs-PCR, IL-6, D-dimer, fibrinogen, and ESR, which can be used as a tool to guide patient’s management.
Enrichment of Argan [Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels] Oil with Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Stigma Powder and Induced Changes in Oil Quality Attributes
Authors: Oubannin Samira , Asbbane Abderrahim , Elhaidag Fadwa , Bijla Laila , Gagour Jamila , Ait bouzid Hasna , El Harkaoui Said , Sakar El Hassan , Matthäus Bertrand , Gharby Said
Published: May 2023

Argan oil (AO) is a globally reputed vegetable oil thanks to its nutritional and cosmetic value. AO oxidation induces changes that result in a low quality. In this research, we aimed at fortifying AO using saffron stigmas powder (SSP) and assessing its quality. Dried and grounded saffron stigmas were added to AO at three different concentrations (0.2, 0.5, and 1%). All enriched AOs were stored for six consecutive months under two conditions, namely, light and darkness. Quality indices including free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV), and specific extinction coefficients K232 and K270 as well as profiling of fatty acids, sterols, and tocopherols were monitored on a monthly basis. Our outcomes reveal that the addition of SSP improved AO oxidation parameters by significantly decreasing (

p
<
0.05

) FFA, PV, K232, and K270 of enriched AO (EAO) as compared to unenriched AO (UAO) especially when AO samples are stored in darkness. Such decrease of oxidation parameters was SSP dose-dependent as a general trend. However, AO enrichment did not induce significant changes (

p
<
0.05

) in fatty acid and sterol profiles. Furthermore, the quality parameter values of EAO and UAO did not exceed the limits set by the Moroccan standard throughout the storage period. Sensory analysis results indicate that EAO showed a low rancidity but high scores of saffron smell, flavor, and color as compared to UAO especially with SSP 1%. In conclusion, AO enrichment using SSP could be used to improve AO oxidative stability and its nutritional value.
FDA Approval Summary: Mirvetuximab Soravtansine-Gynx for FRα-Positive, Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Dilawari Asma , Shah Mirat , Ison Gwynn , Gittleman Haley , Fiero Mallorie H. , Shah Ankit , Hamed Salaheldin S. , Qiu Junshan , Yu Jingyu , Manheng Wimolnut , Ricks Tiffany K. , Pragani Rajan , Arudchandran Arulvathani , Patel Paresma , Zaman Shadia , Roy Arpita , Kalavar Shyam , Ghosh Soma , Pierce William F. , Rahman Nam Atiqur , Tang Shenghui , Mixter Bronwyn D. , Kluetz Paul G. , Pazdur Richard , Amiri-Kordestani Laleh
Published: May 2023

On November 14, 2022, the FDA granted accelerated approval to mirvetuximab soravtansine-gynx for treatment of adult patients with folate receptor-α (FRα)-positive, platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who have received one to three prior systemic therapies. The VENTANA FOLR1 (FOLR-2.1) RxDx Assay was approved as a companion diagnostic device to select patients for this indication. Approval was based on Study 0417 (SORAYA, NCT04296890), a single-arm, multicenter trial. In 104 patients with measurable disease who received mirvetuximab soravtansine-gynx, the overall response rate was 31.7% [95% confidence interval (CI), 22.9–41.6] with a median duration of response of 6.9 months (95% CI, 5.6–9.7). Ocular toxicity was included as a Boxed Warning in the U.S. Prescribing Information (USPI) to alert providers of the risks of developing severe ocular toxicity including vision impairment and corneal disorders. Pneumonitis and peripheral neuropathy were additional important safety risks included as Warnings and Precautions in the USPI. This is the first approval of a targeted therapy for FRα-positive, platinum-resistant ovarian cancer and the first antibody–drug conjugate approved for ovarian cancer. This article summarizes the favorable benefit–risk assessment leading to FDA's approval of mirvetuximab soravtansine-gynx.
O direito à recusa de tratamento médico na Resolução n. 2.232/2019 do Conselho Federal de Medicina
Authors: Lara Mariana Alves , Tomasevicius Filho Eduardo
Published: May 2023

O presente trabalho teve por objeto a análise crítica dos contornos e limites do direito à recusa de tratamento médico na Resolução n. 2.232/2019 do Conselho Federal de Medicina. Realizou-se investigação teórica, de vertente jurídico dogmática e tipo compreensivo-propositivo, em que se vislumbrou a autonomia privada como direito fundamental. Por meio desse percurso metodológico, chegou-se à conclusão de que, contrariamente ao disposto na referida Resolução do Conselho, o direito ao livre desenvolvimento da personalidade abrange, como regra, a possibilidade de recusa terapêutica, por meio  de consentimento expresso, inequívoco, livre, informado e personalíssimo, mesmo em casos de risco iminente de morte. Constatou-se também que, em muitos julgados dos tribunais brasileiros, a autonomia do paciente é desconsiderada quando a vida está ameaçada, sendo-lhe imposta determinada intervenção, conduta que não se amolda a um Estado Democrático de Direito e aos valores da Constituição Federal de 1988.
Subepicardial Cardiomyopathy: A Disease Underlying J-Wave Syndromes and Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation
Authors: Miles Chris , Boukens Bastiaan J. , Scrocco Chiara , Wilde Arthur A.M. , Nademanee Koonlawee , Haissaguerre Michel , Coronel Ruben , Behr Elijah R.
Published: May 2023

Brugada syndrome (BrS), early repolarization syndrome (ERS), and idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (iVF) have long been considered primary electrical disorders associated with malignant ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. However, recent studies have revealed the presence of subtle microstructural abnormalities of the extracellular matrix in some cases of BrS, ERS, and iVF, particularly within right ventricular subepicardial myocardium. Substrate-based ablation within this region has been shown to ameliorate the electrocardiographic phenotype and to reduce arrhythmia frequency in BrS. Patients with ERS and iVF may also exhibit low-voltage and fractionated electrograms in the ventricular subepicardial myocardium, which can be treated with ablation. A significant proportion of patients with BrS and ERS, as well as some iVF survivors, harbor pathogenic variants in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene,
SCN5A
, but the majority of genetic susceptibility of these disorders is likely to be polygenic. Here, we postulate that BrS, ERS, and iVF may form part of a spectrum of subtle subepicardial cardiomyopathy. We propose that impaired sodium current, along with genetic and environmental susceptibility, precipitates a reduction in epicardial conduction reserve, facilitating current-to-load mismatch at sites of structural discontinuity, giving rise to electrocardiographic changes and the arrhythmogenic substrate.
Yugoslavia with Strings Attached: Boris Kralj's My Belgrade (2011) and Dubravka Ugrešić and Davor Konjikušić's There's Nothing Here (2020)
Authors: Beronja Vladislav
Published: May 2023

This article examines the contemporary photographic representations of Yugoslav modernist architecture and its ruins that serve as a counterpoint to the 2019 MoMA exhibition, Toward a Concrete Utopia: Architecture in Yugoslavia, 1948–1980, a project that brought socialist architectural modernism to international visibility. In particular, I focus on Boris Kralj's photo-diary My Belgrade (2011) and Dubravka Ugrešić and Davor Konjikušić's photo-essay There's Nothing Here! (2020) to explore the ruins of Yugoslav socialist modernity not only as an object of aesthetic fascination, but also as an emotionally and politically charged site of collective nostalgia and politicized mourning in the postsocialist now. While Kralj documents the vanishing remains of socialism in millennial Belgrade to recollect a diasporic, increasingly non-normative and “queer” Yugoslav identity, Ugrešić and Konjikušić foreground the ruins of Yugoslav anti-fascist monuments as a traumatic void—a discursive silence about the effects of racialized, ethno-nationalist violence in EU's new borderlands. I argue that both projects stage architectural photography as a situated and contextual practice by inscribing affective attachments and politically oppositional meanings into the postsocialist architectural palimpsest.
Barbad Golshiri's Acts of Alterity
Authors: Skurvida Sandra
Published: May 2023

In his transdisciplinary practice, artist, writer, and translator Barbad Golshiri interprets from his viewpoint located in Iran the iconic pieces of the European art history, including paintings by Jan van Eyck, Jacques-Louis David, and Kazimir Malevich. Inserting his own artistically inscribed body into the material milieus of these artists, Golshiri activates the present via transfer of the past onto the future, in an attempt to differentiate the script of history. Deleuzian approach of repetition as a means of differencing instigates this interrogation of Golshiri's Malevich cycle, comprising Quod (2010), which references Malevich's Black Square (1915); Cura; the Rise and Fall of Aplasticism, (2013), restaging in Moscow and Tehran the Last Futurist Exhibition of Paintings 0.10 (Petrograd, 1915); and post-performance object “.” (2013); as well as a series of QR code actions that continue the process of dematerialization of Black Square via social mediation. In their coded language, these works speak truth to power.