bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heat Transfer Analysis of Enhanced Geothermal System Based on Heat-Fluid-Structure Coupling Model
Authors: Wang Linchao , Liang Xin , Shi Xuyang , Han Jianyong , Chen Yang , Zhang Wan
Published: November 2023

Dry hot rock geothermal resources by virtue of its wide distribution, large reserves, clean and low-carbon, stable, high utilization rate, and other characteristics have been widely used. The enhanced geothermal system (EGS) is the most efficient approach for harnessing and exploiting geothermal energy from hot, arid rock formations. To investigate the impact of varying parameters on heat recovery in EGS operations, we employed the COMSOL numerical simulation software to construct a seepage heat transfer model for fractured rock masses. Essential parameters and boundary conditions were established, followed by conducting numerical simulations. Through the numerical simulation results, the temporal and spatial changes of coupling effects among seepage field, stress field, and temperature field in fractured rock mass were analyzed. We investigated the impact of water injection temperature, injection-production pressure difference, injection flow rate, and initial reservoir temperature on the heat transfer process. The findings indicate that raising the water injection temperature and injection-production pressure difference can enhance the reservoir’s heat recovery capability. However, it may also accelerate thermal breakthrough and reduce the system’s operational lifespan. The higher injection flow rate can improve the heat recovery efficiency. However, too large injection flow can cause problems in other aspects of the reservoir; increasing reservoir temperature leads to higher production temperatures, which can potentially result in dynamic catastrophes. Therefore, while ensuring the heat recovery efficiency of the system, the operation life of the system can be extended by adjusting the water injection temperature in stages, setting a reasonable injection and production pressure difference, and selecting an appropriate injection flow rate, so as to achieve the purpose of EGS optimization.
Application of the Single-Stage Process of Dark Fermentation and Microbial Electrolysis to Improve Hydrogen Productivity from Water Hyacinth
Authors: Nguyen Phan Khanh Thinh , Tran Thi Thu Ha , Nguyen Thiet
Published: November 2023

The production of hydrogen (H2) from water hyacinth (WH) can contribute to reducing both the negative impact of WH on ecosystems and dependence on fossil fuels. In this study, the combination of dark fermentation (DF) and microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) in a single reactor, namely, sDFMEC, was investigated to improve the H2 productivity of WH. Furthermore, the intermittently applied voltage (I-Eapp) scheme and various methane (CH4) inhibition methods, including air exposure, heat treatment, and chloroform (CHCl3) addition, were applied for performance enhancement purposes. The findings indicated that with a sufficient duty time of external energy input (less than 1 hour), the intermittent mode can enhance the performance of WH-fed sDFMEC but does not significantly inhibit CH4 formation. While air exposure and heat treatment damaged both methanogens and exoelectrogens, lowering sDFMEC performance, additional CHCl3 showed the best selective and long-term inhibition on methanogens (over 350 operation hours without further addition). Overall, the combination of the I-Eapp scheme and CHCl3 applied in WH-fed sDFMEC achieved a yield of

670.1
±
15.2
 
mL
−

H

2

/
g
−
VS

, around 160% higher than the normal condition.
Delirious Mania in an Elderly, Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Dhungel Omkar , Shrestha Najina , Sharma Pawan , Pathak Pankaj , Sapkota Nidesh
Published: November 2023

Delirious mania is an acute neurobehavioral syndrome which can have the features of mania, delirium, psychosis and catatonia. There are no diagnostic and treatment guidelines of delirious mania which can lead to delayed treatment, increasing morbidity and mortality. The primary goal of this report is to raise awareness among healthcare professionals and improve patient outcomes for this potentially life-threatening condition. In this case report, we present an octogenarian female, a case of bipolar disorder, current episode manic, who had impaired orientation, delusion of persecution, and altered sleep–wake cycle. She was treated with a combination of mood stabilizer and antipsychotic and discharged after 24 days of admission.
Genetic Variants Associated with High Susceptibility of Premature Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Isordia-Salas Irma , Santiago-Germán David , Jiménez-Alvarado Rosa María , Leaños-Miranda Alfredo
Published: November 2023

Background. Several polymorphisms had been associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke, but results are inconclusive. The aim of this study was to examine the association between AGTR1 A1166C and TSP-1 N700S polymorphisms and ischemic stroke in a young Mexican population. Methods. In a case-control study, 250 [Formula: see text] years of age with ischemic stroke and 250 controls matched by age and gender were included. The polymorphisms were determined in all participants by polymerase chain reaction. Results. There were statistical differences in genotype distribution ([Formula: see text]) and allele frequency ([Formula: see text]) of AGTR1 A1166C polymorphism. In contrast, there was a similar genotype distribution ([Formula: see text]) and allele frequency ([Formula: see text]) of the TSP1 N700S genetic variant between groups. Hypertension ([Formula: see text]), smoking ([Formula: see text]), and family history of atherothrombotic disease ([Formula: see text]) were associated with stroke, but not diabetes ([Formula: see text]) and dyslipidemia ([Formula: see text]). Conclusions. This is the first study in Mexican population to explore several genetic variants in young patients with ischemic stroke. Our results suggest that polymorphisms in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system could contribute to premature hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, atherothrombosis, vasoconstriction, smooth muscle cell migration, and proliferation. In contrast, polymorphisms in the coagulation factors are not associated with ischemic stroke. Environmental factors such as diabetes and dyslipidemia could be less important in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke at a young age. We suggest that those polymorphisms should be determined in individuals with a family history of thrombosis to avoid the stroke development. Therefore, genotype-environmental combination could determine several possible phenotypes at different moments in life.
In vitro Hemostatic Functions of Cold-Stored Platelets
Authors: Kirschall Johanna , Uzun Günalp , Bakchoul Tamam , Marini Irene
Published: November 2023

Background: Transfusion of platelets is a life-saving medical strategy used worldwide to treat patients with thrombocytopenia as well as platelet function disorders. Summary: Until the end of 1960s, platelets were stored in the cold because of their superior hemostatic functionality. Cold storage of platelets was then abandoned due to better posttransfusion recovery and survival of room temperature (RT)-stored platelets, demonstrated by radioactive labeling studies. Based on these findings, RT became the standard condition to store platelets for clinical applications. Evidence shows that RT storage increases the risk of septic transfusion reactions associated with bacterial contamination. Therefore, the storage time is currently limited to 4–7 days, according to the national guidelines, causing a constant challenge to cover the clinical request. Despite the enormous efforts made to optimize storage conditions of platelets, the quality and efficacy of platelets still decrease during the short storage time at RT. In this context, during the last years, cold storage has seen a renaissance due to the better hemostatic functionality, reduced risk of bacterial contamination, and potentially longer storage time. Key Messages: In this review, we will focus on the impact of cold storage on the in vitro platelet functions as promising alternative storage temperature for future medical applications.
Robert Wedderburn’s ‘Universal War’: Anti-Colonial Universality in the Age of Revolution
Authors: Waqif Ajmal
Published: November 2023

The ideas and political commitments of the revolutionary abolitionist and Spencean Robert Wedderburn (1762–1835) represent a compelling example of a form of universality, articulated in the midst of the Age of Revolution, which defied European colonialism and plantation slavery. An engagement with Wedderburn’s writings on the Haitian Revolution, maroon warfare and his proposal of a Spencean communist programme will clarify ongoing debates about Enlightenment, empire, slavery and universality, and might inform a re-engagement with the idea of universal emancipation in the political present.
EU Autonomy and International Investment Law: from Conflict to Reconciliation?
Authors: Acconci Pia
Published: November 2023

The amendments to the EU establishing treaties included in the 2007 Lisbon Treaty have resulted in conflicting norms and jurisdictions, arising from overlaps between international investment treaties and EU law. According to the 2018 Judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the Achmea case, an arbitration clause in an intra-EU bilateral investment treaty is not compatible with EU law because of the autonomy of EU law and its need for uniform interpretation and application. In its 2021 Judgment in the Komstroy case, the Court expanded this approach in relation to investor-host State arbitration based on the 1994 Energy Charter Treaty (ECT), that is, on a multilateral agreement among the European Union, its Member States and a few non-EU Member States. The Court based this decision not only on the autonomy of EU law and its need for uniform interpretation and application, but also on the venue of arbitration in a Member State. Several arbitral tribunals and scholars have criticized this approach. Criticism increased in 2022 when the arbitral tribunal in the Green Power v. Spain case – established under the Rules of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce according to the Energy Charter Treaty – followed the Komstroy decision of the EU Court of Justice. This article addresses the main aspects of this ongoing debate and looks at what other options might be available. The relevant case law has focused on a conflict-based perspective. It is suggested that other perspectives might be considered.
Italian Legislation in Times of Pandemics and International Law: The Way out of the Emergency
Authors: Bellucci Eloisa M.B. , Greco Donato
Published: November 2023

Building upon the practice analysed in the previous issue of this Yearbook, the present inquiry provides a follow-up of the normative framework in force in the Italian legal system in 2022 to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. By enacting a plethora of prescriptive measures, Italy either implemented, derogated, or violated international obligations. In this respect, this contribution pursues a twofold objective. On the one hand, it is aimed at assessing Italy’s attitude towards international law. To this end, rather than reporting entirely new measures, it will attempt to point out what happened to the main policies Italy implemented during the emergency. On the other hand, it intends to provide a useful tool for comparative analysis. The conclusions that will be reached may indeed allow for a comparison with the practice of other countries which have experienced a situation similar to that of Italy, both to draw analogies or differences regarding the stance they have taken towards international law and to assess the latter’s role in global health governance.
Legacies of Alexander in Colonial Sindh: Richard Francis Burton and a “Greek Pot” at Sehwan
Authors: Mairs Rachel
Published: November 2023

At Sehwan in Sindh in 1845, the British soldier and Orientalist Richard Francis Burton planted a fake ancient jar for an antiquarian to discover. Burton’s prank was designed to poke fun at British associations of Sehwan with Alexander the Great. This article examines the incident, Burton’s motivations, and the broader question of British colonial fixation on Alexander’s campaigns in Sindh.
The first record of the order Plecoptera (Insecta) from Iraq
Authors: KHUDHUR FARHAD A.
Published: November 2023

Faunistic studies of stoneflies (Plecoptera) in Iraq are almost nonexistent. This article records the order Plecoptera in Iraq for the first time, based on adult specimens of three species: Leuctra fusca (Linnaeus, 1758), Protonemura bacurianica Zhiltzova, 1957 and Pontoperla cf. teberdinica (Balinsky, 1950), belonging to three different families: Leuctridae, Nemouridae, and Chloroperlidae, respectively. The specimens were collected from the eastern and northeastern mountain streams of the Iraqi Kurdistan Region in November 2020 and May 2022.
On subgenera of the genus Prionyx Vander Linden, 1827 (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae), with establishment of a new subgenus
Authors: DANILOV YURIY N. , ODINTSEV OLEG A.
Published: November 2023

Because of its highly external morphological diversity, the genus Prionyx Vander Linden, 1827 has been divided into different species-groups or subgenera. The use of these species-groups or subgenra has just been disordered by several authors. Therefore, based on specimens of most worldwide Prionyx species, we here studied and proposed recognition of six subgenera of Prionyx, namely Calosphex, Harpactopus, Neosphex, Foxiprionyx, Prionyx, and Priononyx. Of these subgenera, Foxiprionyx subgen. nov., based on Prionyx foxi Bohart et Menke, 1963, is established as a new subgenus. Whereas Foxiprionyx, Neosphex, and Priononyx are distributed in the New World, Calosphex, Harpactopus and Prionyx are distributed in the Old World. The key to subgenera of Prionyx is provided.
Elevated Mixed Layers during Great Lake Lake-Effect Events: An Investigation and Case Study from OWLeS
Authors: Greybush Steven J. , Sikora Todd D. , Young George S. , Mulhern Quinlan , Clark Richard D. , Jurewicz Michael L.
Published: November 2023

Data from rawinsondes launched during intensive observation periods (IOPs) of the Ontario Winter Lake-Effect Systems (OWLeS) field project reveal that elevated mixed layers (EMLs) in the lower troposphere were relatively common near Lake Ontario during OWLeS lake-effect events. Conservatively, EMLs exist in 193 of the 290 OWLeS IOP soundings. The distribution of EML base pressure derived from the OWLeS IOP soundings reveals two classes of EML, one that has a relatively low-elevation base (900–750 hPa) and one that has a relatively high-elevation base (750–500 hPa). It is hypothesized that the former class of EML, which is the focus of this research, is, at times, the result of mesoscale processes related to individual Great Lakes. WRF reanalysis fields from a case study during the OWLeS field project provide evidence of two means by which low-elevation base EMLs can originate from the lake-effect boundary layer convection and associated mesoscale circulations. First, such EMLs can form within the upper-level outflow branches of mesoscale solenoidal circulations. Evacuated Great Lakes–modified convective boundary layer air aloft then lies above ambient air of a greater static stability, forming EMLs. Second, such EMLs can form in the absence of a mesoscale solenoidal circulation when Great Lake–modified convective boundary layers overrun ambient air of a greater density. The reanalysis fields show that EMLs and layers of reduced static stability tied to Great Lakes–modified convective boundary layers can extend downwind for hundreds of kilometers from their areas of formation. Operational implications and avenues for future research are discussed.
Radiomics; Contemporary Applications in the Management of Anal Cancer; A Systematic Review
Authors: Temperley Hugo C. , O’Sullivan Niall J. , Waters Caitlin , Corr Alison , Mehigan Brian J. , O’Kane Grainne , McCormick Paul , Gillham Charles , Rausa Emanuele , Larkin John O. , Meaney James F. , Brennan Ian , Kelly Michael E.
Published: November 2023

Introduction

The management of anal cancer relies on clinical and histopathological features for treatment decisions. In recent years, the field of radiomics, which involves the extraction and analysis of quantitative imaging features, has shown promise in improving management of pelvic cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current application of radiomics in the management of anal cancer.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases. Inclusion criteria encompassed randomized and non-randomized trials investigating the use of radiomics to predict post-operative recurrence in anal cancer. Study quality was assessed using the QUADAS-2 and Radiomics Quality Score tools.

Results

The systematic review identified a total of nine studies, with 589 patients examined. There were three main outcomes assessed in included studies: recurrence (6 studies), progression-free survival (2 studies), and prediction of human papillomavirus (HPV) status (1 study). Radiomics-based risk stratification models were found to provide valuable insights into treatment response and patient outcomes, with all developed signatures demonstrating at least modest accuracy (range: .68-1.0) in predicting their primary outcome.

Conclusion

Radiomics has emerged as a promising tool in the management of anal cancer. It offers the potential for improved risk stratification, treatment planning, and response assessment, thereby guiding personalized therapeutic approaches.
Recommendations of the 15th Union Finance Commission: Expectations and Realities
Authors: Sahu Pareswar , Mahamallik Motilal , Mahapatra Sushanta Kumar
Published: November 2023

The 15th Union Finance Commission (UFC) report, submitted in India in the middle of a global economic setback due to COVID-19, was a hope for sub-national governments to arrive at a favourable financial devolution mechanism. Even though few recommendations by 15th UFC looks promising, it is difficult to outrightly reject the possibilities of increasing fiscal imbalances. The retention of the proportion of shared tax devolution to states as used during 14th UFC and the use of (a) tax and fiscal effort, (b) 2011 census population figure and (c) total fertility rate as demographic performance, for distribution of shared tax across states may be helpful to reduce fiscal imbalances. However, the decline in the size of shared taxes of states due to (a) shrinking tax collection by the central government during current economic crisis and (b) assignment of additional burdens on states like (i) the contribution of states towards national defence and (ii) internal security, may result in vertical imbalance. There is a possibility of an increase in horizontal imbalance with the rise in the weightage of neutral (need based) criteria and decline in the weight of equity criterion due to the proportionate decline in the shares of poorer state through these two criteria. The fiscal imbalances are to be reduced to a minimum level to enable the country providing a common minimum level of public goods to its people. Since the weight of neutral criteria is implicit in equity and efficiency criteria, an optimum weight adjustment solution as suggested by Mahamallik and Sahu ((2015) , Artha Vijnana, 57(4), 301–320) may be helpful to reduce imbalances.

JEL Code: H770
A data-driven approach of layout evaluation for electric vehicle charging infrastructure using agent-based simulation and GIS
Authors: Zhang Yue , Tan Jie
Published: November 2023

The development and popularization of new energy vehicles have become a global consensus. The shortage and unreasonable layout of electric vehicle charging infrastructure (EVCI) have severely restricted the development of electric vehicles. In the literature, many methods can be used to optimize the layout of charging stations (CSs) for producing good layout designs. However, more realistic evaluation and validation should be used to assess and validate these layout options. This study suggested an agent-based simulation (ABS) model to evaluate the layout designs of EVCI and simulate the driving and charging behaviors of electric taxis (ETs). In the case study of Shenzhen, China, geographical positioning system (GPS) trajectory data were used to extract the temporal and spatial patterns of ETs, which were then used to calibrate and validate the actions of ETs in the simulation. The ABS model was developed in a geographic information system (GIS) context of an urban road network with traveling speeds of 24 h to account for the effects of traffic conditions. After the high-resolution simulation, evaluation results of the performance of EVCI and the behaviors of ETs can be provided in detail and in summary. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates the accuracy of simulation implementation and aids in understanding the effect of model parameters on system performance. Maximizing the time satisfaction of ET users and reducing the workload variance of EVCI were the two goals of a multiobjective layout optimization technique based on the Pareto frontier. The location plans for the new CS based on Pareto analysis can significantly enhance both metrics through simulation evaluation.
Implementing Project-Based Learning in Urban High School STEM Career Pathways
Authors: DeLisi Jacqueline , Liu Edward , Fields Erica
Published: November 2023

Project-based learning (PBL) holds promise for students in urban high schools by creating personalized, engaging, and relevant experiences that prepare students for post-secondary pathways. This exploratory study focused on understanding the implementation of PBL in an urban STEM high school that includes career pathways where students engage in work that reflects industry practices. Data revealed essential features of successful PBL, including ideas for supporting and implementing PBL in an urban high school that enrolls students from historically under-resourced communities. Findings highlight the value of PBL for supporting urban students as they explore their interests.
Clinical Features and Outcomes of Omicron-Associated Croup in Children
Authors: Huang Yue , Su Shuhua , Xu Zhengmin , Chen Wenxia
Published: November 2023

Objective: This study was aimed to describe the clinical features and outcomes of Omicron-associated croup in children. Methods: A total of 105 children aged 3-60 months (median age 11 months) with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and cough were admitted to our hospital from December 16, 2022, to December 31, 2022. Their clinical features, treatment, and outcomes were reviewed. These children were followed up for 8 months. Results: Among the cases, 5 had complex medical histories, while the other children were generally healthy. Out of the cases, 41 (38.3%), 57 (54.4%), and 7 (6.7%) had mild, moderate, and severe laryngeal obstruction, respectively. They developed croup after 1-5 days of fever (median 2 days). The majority (90.5%) of COVID-19 children with croup did not have pneumonia, and most of them (64.8%) had decreased eosinophil counts. Additionally, most other blood routine indicators were normal. Five other viral infections (chlamydia pneumoniae, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, coxsackie virus, and mycoplasma pneumoniae) were tested in 51 cases, and all results were negative. All cases recovered from croup after receiving prompt nebulization therapy and/or intravenous drip of hormone. The hospitalization rate was 6.7%. During the 8-month follow-up period, 71 cases experienced repeated fever due to various infections, but only 4 cases (4/105, 3.8%) had repeated croup. Conclusion: Omicron is a risk factor for croup, with most cases presenting mild to moderate laryngeal obstructions. Co-viral infection testing is unnecessary for such cases. The symptoms of Omicron-associated croup may be more severe than croup associated with other viruses; however, unnecessary hospitalizations can be avoided, leading to reduced healthcare expenses.
Outcomes associated with prolonged ECMO in COVID-19 associated ARDS: A single center experience
Authors: Shah Purav , Miller Casey , Parilla Gustavo , Daneshmand Mani , Creel-Bulos Christina
Published: November 2023

Purpose of Study

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant increase in the use of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) as a bridge to transplantation versus recovery. Unlike other etiologies of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), utilization of V-V ECMO in COVID-19 has been associated with longer duration of ECMO support requirements. Our team sought to evaluate outcomes associated with prolonged duration of ECMO support in this patient population.

Methods

Single-center retrospective review of patients who were placed on ECMO due to COVID-19 associated ARDS. Specifically examining outcomes-transplant free survival, mortality and discharge rates-of patients requiring V-V ECMO support for greater than 50 days.

Results

The median age of the cohort was 48 years and 13 patients (72%) were males. The median duration of ECMO support was 84 days (IQR 55-106). 11 patients (61%) had right ventricular dysfunction and 13 patients (72%) had pneumothoraces. There was a 33% percent ( n = 6) mortality rate within cohort. One patient continues to require ECMO support at time of abstract submission. 11 patients (61%) patients were discharged, of which 3 patients required a lung transplant.

Prolonged V-V ECMO can be associated with comparable outcomes to conventional V-V ECMO runs that are relatively shorter in duration. With availability of device and staffing, prolonged ECMO runs can potentially be justified in a highly selected patient population.
Assessment of the acute subjective psychedelic experience: A review of patient-reported outcome measures in clinical research on classical psychedelics
Authors: Hovmand Oliver Rumle , Poulsen Emil Deleuran , Arnfred Sidse
Published: November 2023

Background:

The classical psychedelics psilocybin, peyote, ayahuasca/ N, N-dimethyltryptamine, and lysergic acid diethylamide can temporarily produce altered states of consciousness, characterized by changes in sensory perception, thought, mood, and the sense of self-reality and meaning. It is important to have reliable instruments for quantifying these altered states in trials, due to a plausible link between the acute subjective experience and treatment outcome.

Methods:

We conducted a review of outcome measures applied in research on classical psychedelics to assess one or more dimensions of the acute subjective psychedelic experience. Three relevant databases were searched electronically. Two reviewers independently conducted article selection and data extraction regarding the instruments, dimensions, geography, population, and psychedelic substance investigated in the included studies. We identified the five most utilized instruments for the most recent 6 years, as well as the five most utilized instruments for each psychedelic.

Results:

We included 93 papers, which reported on 93 unique trials and utilized 17 different rating scales. Of these, the most utilized were the Five-Dimensional Altered States of Consciousness Questionnaire, visual analog or Likert scales specially developed for the trials, the Hallucinogen Rating Scale, the States of Consciousness Questionnaire, and the Abnormer Psychischer Zustand.

Discussion:

Considerable variability was found in the instruments utilized in clinical trials on classical psychedelics. We advise and encourage the development of a core outcome set for psychedelic research to enable altered state comparisons across compounds, participants, and settings. We further advise that instruments be designed to assess the “setting” of a psychedelic experience.
Effect of blockchain technology–supply chain risk fit on new product development performance: The moderating role of supply chain upgrading
Authors: Wang Mengmeng
Published: November 2023

As the most disruptive information technology at present, blockchain technology has considerable application potential in supply chain risk management. On the basis of technology–task fit theory, this study aims to theorize and examine blockchain technology and supply chain risk management by proposing a set of research hypotheses. To achieve this, blockchain technology is classified into two main characteristics, namely, traceability and security, and categorized supply chain risks into supply, demand, and process risks. This study also empirically validates the conceptual framework and proposes hypotheses using structural equation modeling, with 355 Chinese manufacturing firms as the research sample. Empirical findings demonstrate that all the three types of risk and the two main characteristics of blockchain (i.e., blockchain traceability and security) positively contribute to the supply chain risk–blockchain technology fit. Results also suggest that the supply chain risk–blockchain technology fit positively affects new product development (NPD) performance. In addition, the relationship between supply chain risk–blockchain technology fit and NPD performance is positively moderated by global value chain upgrading.
Protein loss and glucose absorption in children with AKI treated with peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Nourse Peter , McCulloch Mignon , Coetzee Ashton , Bunchman Tim , Picca Stefano , Rusch Jody , Brooks Andre , Heydenrych Hilton , Morrow Brenda
Published: November 2023

Background:

Protein loss and glucose absorption in children on acute peritoneal dialysis (PD) is important to inform dietary prescription, yet data are lacking in this regard. This study was a secondary analysis of a previously published crossover randomised controlled trial, aiming to describe glucose uptake and protein loss into dialysate among children with acute kidney injury (AKI) receiving PD.

Methods:

This secondary analysis described and compared dialysate albumin loss and glucose absorption in 15 children with AKI receiving PD or continuous flow peritoneal dialysis (CFPD). In addition, correlations between albumin loss, glucose absorption and other patient and dialysis factors were analysed.

Results:

Median (range) age and weight of participants were 6.0 (0.2–14) months and 5.8 (2.3–14.0) kg, respectively. Patients received approximately 8 h of dialysis on each modality; however, results were extrapolated and expressed per day. The mean ± SD albumin loss on conventional PD and CFPD was 0.3 ± 0.19 g/kg/day and 0.56 ± 0.5 g/kg/day, respectively, and the mean ± SD glucose absorption was 4.67 ± 2.87 g/kg/day and 3.85 ±4.1 g/kg/day, respectively. There was a moderate correlation between ultrafiltration and albumin loss during CFPD only (Pearson’s R = 0.61; p = 0.02). There were no significant differences between PD and CFPD for either glucose absorption or albumin loss; however, the study was not powered for this outcome.

Conclusions:

Protein losses and glucose absorption in children on PD with AKI are significant and should be considered when prescribing nutritional content. Protein losses on CFPD were twice as high as on conventional PD.
Financial Autonomy and Gender Equality in Globalized World: A Study on Older Adult Population of India
Authors: Bakshi Sanjeev , Mishra Shailendra Kumar
Published: November 2023

We aim to analyse economic empowerment and gender equality among the older adult people in India using financial autonomy and gender inequality indices and compare different states of India for these indices across time and space. We used data from the 42nd and 52nd rounds of the National Sample Surveys for the present study. We propose two indicators namely the management of owned property and owned assets to evaluate financial autonomy. Gender inequality was estimated using the gender inequality index proposed by the UNDP. Financial autonomy has increased while the gender inequality index has decreased with time across most of the states of India. Living arrangements of the older adult population are changing. Old-aged people suffering from locomotor and cognitive disabilities are less likely to manage properties and assets. Promoting healthy aging by investing more in physical and mental health and encouraging gender equality can minimize the looming demographic crisis.
In situ hybridization to detect Escherichia coli in canine granulomatous colitis
Authors: Smith Carmen R. , Miller Andrew D.
Published: November 2023

Canine granulomatous colitis (histiocytic ulcerative colitis) is an uncommon disease, predominantly of young French Bulldogs and Boxer dogs, that manifests from a dysregulated immune response, primarily to adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC). In conjunction with histopathology and periodic acid–Schiff staining, the diagnosis of granulomatous colitis currently relies on fluorescence in situ hybridization (ISH) or immunohistochemistry to identify and localize AIEC organisms within macrophages in the mucosa and/or submucosa. We investigated the utility of ISH for E. coli using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens collected from 29 cases of suspected granulomatous colitis. Most confirmed cases of granulomatous colitis were in French Bulldogs (12 of 20; 60%) and Boxers (3 of 20; 15%), and the mean age was 25 ± 6 mo with no sex predilection. E. coli ISH signal localized bacterial genetic material within the mucosa in 20 of 29 (69%) cases, supporting the diagnosis. ISH signal was limited to the lumen in 8 of 29 (28%) cases, which did not support the identification of these organisms as AIEC. The remaining case had no hybridization signal, and the diagnosis of granulomatous colitis was not supported. Our results revealed that ISH is a quick and specific detection method that can effectively confirm the diagnosis of canine granulomatous colitis.
An Interview with Dr. Michael Shaughnessy
Authors: Devlin James M.
Published: November 2023

The following interview highlights the career and rich professional influence of Dr. Michael Shaughnessy, a prolific writer, researcher, and educator. Dr. Shaughnessy has presented hundreds of national and international papers, presentations, and publications. Dr. Shaughnessy is the Associate Editor for The Journal of Education and Human Development, Member of the Institute of Logotherapy, former Chief Editor of the Gifted Education International Journal, and Past President of National Association for Creative Children and Adults.
Experiences of Policing in Gentrifying Neighborhoods: Evidence From Chicago
Authors: Nelsen Matthew D. , Ramanathan Kumar , Ogorzalek Thomas
Published: November 2023

Do patterns of unequal policing persist or transform within gentrifying neighborhoods? Using an original survey of Chicago residents, we assess whether gentrifiers and longtime residents experience policing differently. Building on macro-level studies which rely on aggregate population data and micro-level studies which rely on ethnographies and interviews, we conduct a meso-level study that compares the experiences and views of differently positioned residents. We find that the phenomenon of being “over-policed and under-protected” that characterizes race-class subjugated neighborhoods is replicated within gentrifying neighborhoods for longtime residents. Meanwhile, gentrifiers express less concern about crime and report fewer interactions with police. While the average gentrifier has low levels of police contact, we find some evidence that a subset of gentrifiers are more likely to call the police about quality-of-life issues compared to neighbors. Our methodological approach provides a blueprint for how survey research can provide insights on individual-level experiences and attitudes in gentrifying neighborhoods.
Property Tax Regressivity, the Case of Québec
Authors: Carbonnier Clément
Published: November 2023

Three diverging interpretations of the property tax dominate the standard economic literature: the benefit view considers it meaningless to assess a distributive profile for the property tax; the capital-tax view assumes a progressive profile; and the excise-tax view assumes a regressive profile. This article discusses these views with theoretical and empirical arguments and defends the excise-tax view. Then, the distributive profile of the property tax in Québec is assessed thanks to a rich administrative database. The property tax appears very regressive. In addition, no general pattern appears depending on the size of the urban zones. At the opposite, property tax-to-income ratios depend steeply on the household composition, because of the economies of scale in housing consumption: they are larger for singles than couples (and even larger for aged singles) and lower for households with children than without children.
Sino-futurism and alternative imaginaries of Digital China
Authors: Zhao Xinyang , Keane Michael
Published: November 2023

This paper investigates the role of digital technologies in transforming China's self-image. It focuses on the use of extended reality (XR) in ceremonial events and art exhibitions. The paper offers two case studies. The first study, Beijing 8-Minute Show (2018), a multimedia performance at the closing ceremony of the Pyeongchang Winter Olympic Games, set the scene for what was called the Science and Technology Winter Olympics in 2022. The second study, Blueprints (2020), was a multimedia exhibition in the UK by the artist Cao Fei, which drew attention to a future of increased alienation, loss of privacy and digital surveillance. In the paper, the framework of a ‘techno-cultural imaginary’ shows how China's self-image is increasingly tied to modernisation. The paper demonstrates how the ‘two cultures’, science and the arts, have converged in policy thinking. In this reset, China's so-called cultural confidence is re-energised by digital platforms, echoing the description of Digital China. Sino-futurism, originally used in relation to Chinese sci-fi literature, provides a stepping-off point to imagine the future, which is alternatively characterised as techno-utopian (within China) and dystopian (in the West). Drawing on the qualitative analysis of publicly available interviews, media reports, online comments and close reading of the art content, the paper argues that XR allows the government to present Digital China as a positive blueprint for human progress. Meanwhile, XR is capable of generating critical stories about China, which contradict the message the government seeks to cultivate with its public diplomacy and propaganda campaigns.
Assessing the influence of affective attitudes, demography and blood donor status on organ donor registration active decisions in opt-out systems
Authors: Shepherd Lee , O’Carroll Ronan E , Ferguson Eamonn
Published: November 2023

In contrast to opt-in systems, relatively little is known about what influences whether or not people register a decision about organ donation in opt-out systems. We address this gap in the literature. Participants ( N = 756) living in a country with opt-out consent (Wales, UK) provided information on demographics and blood donor status. Participants indicated whether they had opted-in or opted-out (i.e. active decision), or not registered a decision under the assumption of deemed consent. Subsequently, their negative emotional beliefs (or affective attitudes) towards organ donation were measured. Opting-in was associated with being younger, having donated blood and holding superstitious beliefs about donation (jinx). Disgust (ick factor) deterred opting-in, and bodily integrity concerns increased opting-out. Positive affective attitudes increased opting-in and deterred opting-out. Actively opting-in increases the likelihood of organs being transplanted, thus, modifying affective attitudes and targeting blood donors should enhance the number of donors available under opt-out systems.
Hindu-Nationalism and Media: Anti-Press Sentiments by Right-Wing Media in India
Authors: Bhat Prashanth
Published: November 2023

This monograph investigates the expression of anti-media populist sentiments by right-wing news media in India and the socio-technological, historical, economic, legal, and political factors that aid right-wing efforts to delegitimize professional journalism. Thematic analysis of 545 articles from Swarajya.com and OpIndia.com, a qualitative content analysis of Republic TV debates, and interviews with 24 Hindu nationalists on Twitter reveal the discursive strategies they use to discredit journalism. Themes in media criticism include claims that the mainstream media are corrupt and partisan, suppress Hindu voices, favor Muslim and Christian minorities, undermine national interests, and spread false narratives. These expressions aim to undermine journalists’ credibility and position right-wing actors as challengers to the established media’s hegemony. Meanwhile, the Modi government employs coercive measures to co-opt the media into providing favorable coverage to the BJP. These endeavors cause journalists to self-censor to safeguard personal safety and livelihood. Consequently, mainstream news content is increasingly homogeneous, eroding diverse perspectives. This shift weakens the media’s watchdog role and shrinks the space for open debate and public deliberation in India.
Tami Spry: The Force of (Co-)Performing
Authors: Gale Ken , Wyatt Jonathan
Published: November 2023

In this short article, we work with the notion of Tami Spry as force. There is a tension here: We have come to recognize, both through the writing of this article and through our many years of encountering both Tami herself and Tami’s work as performer and writer, how we find ourselves needing to de-personalize and de-individualize: we are drawn into the beyond, the uncontainable, the “more-than,” of Tami and Tami’s work. At the same time as this impulse to de-personalize and de-individualize, we recognize—and cherish—that Tami Spry’s work could not happen without Tami Spry. We experience, and seek to convey here, our respect, our gratitude, our love, both for a person we are privileged to call our friend and for a body of work, whether performed, written or performed in writing, that is committed to the personal, the vulnerable, the intimate and the embodied.
Outcomes and Direct Cost of Isolated Nonemergent CABG in Patients With Low Ejection Fraction
Authors: Gulkarov Iosif , Salemi Arash , Pawlikowski Amber , Khaki Rakan , Esham Matthew , Lackey Adam , Paul Subroto , Stein Louis H.
Published: November 2023

Objective:

Preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is one of the main predictors of outcomes in cardiac surgery. We present current era outcomes and associated direct cost in nonemergent isolated coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) patients with LVEF <20% over the past 6 years and compare it with higher EF subgroups.

Methods:

Six-year data from 2016 to 2022 at hospitals sharing Society of Thoracic Surgeons and financial data with Biome Analytics were analyzed based on 3 EF subgroups (EF ≤20%, EF 21% to 35%, and EF >35%). Outcomes and costs were assessed.

Results:

Overall 30-day mortality of 12,649 patients was 1.9%. The EF ≤20% ( n = 248), EF 21% to 35% ( n = 1,408), and EF >35 ( n = 10,993) cohorts had mortality of 6.9%, 3.7%, and 1.6%, respectively. The EF ≤20% subgroup had higher use of cardiopulmonary bypass, blood products, and mechanical support. In addition, the EF ≤20% subgroup had higher complication rates in almost all measured categories. Also, the EF ≤20% cohort had significantly higher length of stay, intensive care unit (ICU) hours, ICU and hospital readmissions, and lowest discharge to home rate. The strongest factors associated with mortality were postoperative cardiac arrest, renal failure requiring dialysis, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, sepsis, prolonged ventilation, and gastrointestinal event. The overall median direct cost of care was $37,387.79 ($27,605.18, $51,720.96), with a median direct cost of care in the EF ≤20%, EF 21% to 35%, and EF >35% subgroups of $52,500.17 ($34,103.52, $80,806.79), $44,108.32 ($31,597.58, $63,788.03), and $36,521.80 ($27,168.91, $50,019.31), respectively.

Conclusions:

In nonemergent isolated CABG surgery, low EF continues to have higher surgical risks and higher direct cost of care despite advances in cardiovascular care.
Percutaneous Transseptal Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation to Rescue a Failing Right Ventricle in an Animal Model
Authors: Castillo-Larios Rocio , Pollak Peter M. , Chaudhary Sanjay , Case J. Brad , Guru Pramod K. , Alomari Mohammad , Song ZuoRui , Johnson James L. , Narula Tathagat , Pham Si M. , Makey Ian A.
Published: November 2023

Objective:

We tested the feasibility and effectiveness of a percutaneous atrial transseptal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) cannulation strategy in a right ventricular failure (RVF) model.

Methods:

We performed 4 nonsurvival porcine experiments. Percutaneous transseptal access was achieved using a steerable introducer. For guidance, we used fluoroscopy, transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE), and intracardiac echocardiography (ICE). A ProtekDuo rapid deployment cannula (LivaNova, London, UK) was advanced across the septum into the left atrium by 2 to 3 cm. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) was induced by partially clamping the pulmonary artery. ECMO flow was cycled from high (2 to 3 L/min) to low (0.2 to 0.3 L/min) over 2 to 3 hours.

Results:

Transseptal access using TEE and fluoroscopy was successful in 1 animal and unsuccessful in 1 animal. ICE provided optimal visualization for the remaining 2 animals. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was associated immediately and consistently with high versus low ECMO flow rate (mean difference: 29 ± 3.1 mm Hg, P = 0.004) but was not restored to baseline values. RV pressure values were dynamic. Given time to equilibrate, mean RV pressure was restored to a baseline level.

Conclusions:

Percutaneous right atrium to left atrium transseptal cannulation relieved PH-RVF. MAP was restored to a viable level, and mean RV pressure was restored to a baseline level. Transseptal ECMO shows promise as a cannulation strategy to bridge patients with PH-RVF to lung transplant.
Financial Incentives for Smoking Cessation: Protocol for the Qualitative Evaluation of the Incentive to Quit (I2Q) Pilot
Authors: Sharrad K. J. , Perveen S. , Grammatopoulos T. , Phillips-Chantelois D. , Carson-Chahhoud K. V.
Published: November 2023

Reducing tobacco usage has been identified as an urgent national health priority, being the leading cause of preventable death and disability in Australia. The Incentive to Quit (I2Q) pilot aims to reduce the harms associated with smoking and vaping by training health professionals on delivering brief smoking cessation advice, and providing eligible smokers/vapers with financial incentives, use of the Quitline counselling service, and pocket-sized resources with content tailored to help support quit attempts at different stages of the participant’s journey. A qualitative evaluation of the I2Q intervention will be undertaken throughout the program period via one-on-one interviews with a subset of health professionals and participants (smokers/vapers) of the I2Q program, along with key community stakeholders, to identify how the service can be improved. Interviews of approximately 45–60 minutes will be conducted either face-to-face or via telecommunication, and a moderator guide will be used to direct the interview. Interview transcripts will be coded through both inductive and deductive thematic analyses by two independent coders.