bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of carbon nanotubes on the microstructure and fracture resistance of nanostructured oxide ceramics
Authors:   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS, Mirovoy Yu.A. , Burlachenko A.G. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS, Buyakov A.S. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS, Dedova E.S. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS, Buyakova S.P. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS
Published: September 2021

The structure and properties of ceramics based on zirconium dioxide stabilized yttrium oxide with the addition of high-modulus inclusions of carbon nanotubes were investigated. The composite materials were obtained by spark plasma sintering. The introduction of carbon nanotubes provides a slight decrease in the density and grain size of ceramics. Growth of volume fraction of carbon nanotubes leads to increase of mechanical properties of ceramic composites. The highest values of mechanical properties were obtained by the introduction of 5 vol.% of carbon nanotubes and were E = (246±8) GPa, H = (12.7±0.21) GPa, K 1 CI = (12.1±0.35) MPa∙m1/2, K 1 CN = (7.8±0.29) MPa∙m1/2. The increase of fracture toughness when carbon nanotubes are introduced into the ceramic matrix is caused by two dissipative mechanisms - phase transformation from tetragonal to monoclinic modification of ZrO2 and crack bridging. As the amount of introduced additive increases, the contribution of martensitic transformation in fracture resistance decreases, which is associated with a decrease in the grain size of the tetragonal zirconium dioxide phase and, accordingly, its transition to a stable state.
The effect of the temperature dependence of the heat conductivity on the physical laws of the bulk synthesis of a composite
Authors:   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS, Bukrina N.V.
Published: September 2021

Two-dimensional model of high-temperature synthesis of chemical compounds and alloys in a dynamic thermal explosion mode when a powder compact is heated in a steel cylindrical mold by an induction heat source are proposed. The complex of chemical reactions is described by a total reaction with effective formal kinetic parameters. The kinetic law takes into account strong retardation of the reaction by the layer of the synthesized product that prevents the interaction of the reagents. The model makes it possible to investigate the macroscopic physical laws of the synthesis of a composite with a change in the heating rate and reactor dimensions. It is made a comparison of the results obtained for a constant heat conductivity coefficient and a temperature-dependent heat conductivity coefficient. It is revealed that taking into account the temperature dependence of the heat conductivity coefficient can lead to a numerical change in the ignition delay time and to a qualitatively different temperature distribution in the reactor bulk.
Influence of porosity on filtration of biological fluid through a two-layer capillary wall
Authors:   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS, Nazarenko N.N. , Knyazeva A.G. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS
Published: September 2021

On the basis of proposed new filtration model the peculiarities of concentration distribution of component carried by two-component biological liquid and fluid velocity in capillary with two-layer porous walls in steady-state mode are studied. Mathematical model takes into account such important phenomena as concentration expansion and viscosity dependence on concentration. The fluid flow corresponds to the Brinkman model. Dimensionless complexes linking characteristic physical scales of different phenomena are highlighted. Influence of model parameters on biological liquid filtration process for capillary wall layers with different porosity is analyzed. The peculiarities of flow regime and distribution of component concentration for different characteristics of internal porous layer (porosity, phase mobility, size) are revealed.
Research on lateral vibration coupling mechanism of high-speed train based on singular coefficients
Authors:   College of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Baicheng Normal University, Qiang Zhao , Mingwei Piao ,   College of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University
Published: September 2021

The lateral vibration coupling mechanism is the basic law of the current vibration behavior of high-speed train. The main reason is that there are design defects in the prototype of ICE3 bogie. Therefore, the passenger dedicated line is not a necessary and sufficient technical condition for ensuring the stability and safety of high-speed railway operation. Based on the previous research, this article further develops the theoretical demonstration and experimental verification of the lateral vibration coupling mechanism of high-speed train. According to the concept of system stiffness and the statistical characteristics of Gaussian process, a new concept of singular coefficient is proposed to describe non-stationary and non-Gaussian processes. Combined with the quality vibration tracking test of a high-altitude vehicle, the conclusions are in good agreement through the experimental testing and the dynamic simulation. The application of the singular coefficient further gives three conditions for determining the lateral vibration coupling mechanism of high-speed train, namely sufficient excitation energy, vibration transmission medium and coupling resonance possibility. Aiming at the influence of high-order modal interception and residual force of flexible body, the new concept of singular coefficient is applied. The rigid-flexible coupling simulation reflects the main statistical characteristics of non-stationary and non-Gaussian processes, and reveals the current lateral vibration coupling mechanism of high-speed train.
Optimized design of wiring scheme for conductive layer in bending area of FOLED
Authors:   Jiangsu University, Ma Liang , Gu Jinan ,   Jiangsu University
Published: September 2021

In order to solve the problem of wiring breakage in conductive layer caused by fold in bend area of FOLED and improve the efficiency of conductive layer in bend area of FOLED, the wiring scheme of conductive layer in bend area of FOLED is optimized. First of all, the polymer substrate FOLED samples are prepared, and the bending area structure is formed by stacking resin, pin, metal wires and other layers. The equivalent working condition of bending process is analyzed, and the three-dimensional finite element modeling of the bending area of FOLED is completed. According to the simulation analysis results of bending area of FOLED, it is proposed that the optimal design of Resin ply thickness is: the limiting conditions of material damage in conductive layer should be fully considered, and the material damage mechanism should be studied to ensure that the cumulative plastic strain of A-A and B-B positions is smaller at the same time without damage; the optimal design of wiring scheme for conductive layer is: using the square of optimal stress distribution to reduce the fracture angle, and the routing scheme of crossing route type > full filling type> internal opening type should be adopted.
Electronic heat capacity of some vanadium compounds at low temperatures
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Surikov Vad.I. , Surikov Val.I. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Kuznetsova Y.V. ,   Surgut State University, Semenyuk N.A. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Lyakh O.V. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Prokudina N.A. ,   Omsk State Technical University
Published: September 2021

The paper presents the results of a study of the temperature dependence of molar heat capacity at constant pressure in the range (from 5 to 300 K) for vanadium-based materials. For all the studied materials, the values of the density of States near the Fermi level are calculated. It was found that for V3Si and V3Ge materials, the values of the state density μ( E ) correlate with the transition temperatures to the superconducting state. For materials V2O3 and V1.973Me0.027O3 (Me - Al, Fe, Cr), it was found that the temperatures of metal-dielectric phase transitions decrease with increasing values of the density of States.
Exploración de las actitudes hacía las matemáticas de futuros profesores de educación especial
Authors: López-Mojica J. Marcos , García-García Jaime I. , Ramírez Cruz José Carlos , Arredondo Elizabeth H.
Published: September 2021

A partir del fenómeno de la desprofesionalización docente que predomina en la Educación Especial en México, el presente artículo de investigación tiene como objetivo explorar las actitudes hacia las matemáticas que manifiestan futuros profesores de esta modalidad del sistema educativo mexicano, ante la competencia profesional que declara el asesoramiento frente a las dificultades de aprendizaje de esta ciencia. El estudio de las actitudes de los estudiantes podría ser un preludio para señalar el tipo de conocimiento matemático a desarrollar en los futuros profesores de Educación Especial. Para lo anterior, se aplicó una escala tipo Likert a 200 estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Educación Especial de una universidad pública en México. Los resultados (confiables bajo un análisis de consistencia interna o coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, α = 0.85), sugieren una tendencia positiva hacia los tres componentes característicos para la actitud: cognitivo, conductual y afectivo. En particular, el componente que presenta una mayor actitud positiva es el cognitivo, lo que evidencia que los estudiantes otorgan importancia a las matemáticas y al conocimiento de la disciplina en su formación profesional.
Ana Dil Olarak Japonca Eğitimine Genel Bir Bakış: İlkokul Japonca Dersi Öğretim Programı ve İlkokul 1. Sınıf Japonca Ders Kitabı İncelemesi
Authors: VAROĞLU Gonca
Published: September 2021

Japonca eğitimi denildiğinde, bu ifadenin Japoncada iki farklı karşılığı bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan biri “Nihongo Kyōiku”, diğeri ise “Kokugo Kyōiku”dur. Her iki ifadede de eğitim yani “kyōiku” sözcüğünün ortak olduğu, ancak “Nihongo” ve “Kokugo” sözcüklerinin farklılık gösterdiği görülmektedir. Yapılan araştırmalar göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, her ne kadar bu iki sözcük Japoncayı işaret ediyor olsa da genel itibari ile “Nihongo” sözcüğünün “yabancı dil olarak Japonca”; “Kokugo” sözcüğünün ise “ana dil olarak Japonca” anlamına geldiği söylenebilir. Dolayısıyla, Nihongo Kyōiku yabancı öğrencilere yönelik gerçekleştirilen Japonca eğitimi iken Kokugo Kyōiku Japonya'daki okullarda ana dili Japonca olan öğrencilere yönelik gerçekleştirilen Japonca eğitimidir. Son yıllarda Türkiye’de Japonca Eğitimi (Nihongo Kyōiku) konusunda yapılan çalışmaların artış gösterdiğinden söz etmek mümkündür. Ancak Türkiye’de ana dil olarak Japonca eğitimine ilişkin bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Buradan hareketle bu çalışmada, ana dil olarak Japonca eğitimi (Kokugo Kyōiku) konusu genel hatları ile ele alınmış olup, ilkokul öğretim programı temel alınarak ilkokul ana dil (Kokugo) derslerinin amaçları ve içerikleri betimlenmiştir. Diğer taraftan, ana dili eğitiminin ilk basamağı olan ilkokul 1. sınıf Japonca ders kitabı şekil ve içerik açısından incelenmiştir. Bu inceleme sonucunda, kitabın 1. cildinde kalem tutuş şeklinden telaffuza kadar birçok ayrıntıya yer verildiği, insanları selamlama ya da tanışma gibi kültürel öğelere dikkat çekildiği,2. ciltte ise okuma metinlerine ağırlık verildiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca kitaplara şiir ile başlanması Japon kültürüne özgü önemli bir ayrıntıdır. Bunun yanında, arkadaşlığın öneminin vurgulanması, doğaya ve hayvanlara karşı duyarlılık kazandırılması gibi insani değerlerin de ön planda tutulduğu dikkat çekmektedir.
Analysis of the impact of central bank communications on money market indicators
Authors: Petrova Diana , Trunin Pavel
Published: September 2021

Press releases on monetary policy play an important role in the communication policy of the central bank. These press releases explain key rate decisions and provide signals about the future direction of the central bank’s monetary policy. Information signals can influence the expectations of financial market participants and increase the predictability and effectiveness of monetary policy. There are not enough research papers dedicated to the text analysis of the Bank of Russia press releases and the assessment of information signals. Hence, this article examines the impact of information signals about monetary policy on the money market rate, term and credit spreads. First, we estimate latent Dirichlet allocation to determine the topics of information signals. Second, we use sentiment analysis to construct signals about easing or tightening of the monetary policy. Third, the impact of signals about the future monetary policy on the money market indicators is assessed using the exponential GARCH model. Empirical research has shown that signals of future monetary policy easing are associated with lower money market rates and term spreads, and an increase in the credit spread. The result proved to be resistant to various ways of vectorizing the text of press releases. The article was prepared as a part of the state assignment research of Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration.
An approach to identifying threats of extracting confidential data from automated control systems based on internet technologies
Authors: Kuzmin Vladimir , Menisov Artem
Published: September 2021

Together with ubiquitous, global digitalization, cybercrime is growing and developing rapidly. The state considers the creation of an environment conducive to information security to be a strategic goal for the development of the information society in Russia. However, the question of how the “state of protection of the individual, society and the state from internal and external information threats” should be achieved in accordance with the “Information Security” and the “Digital Economy of Russia 2024” programs remains open. The aim of this study is to increase the efficiency whereby automated control systems identify confidential data from html-pages to reduce the risk of using this data in the preparatory and initial stages of attacks on the infrastructure of government organizations. The article describes an approach that has been developed to identify confidential data based on the combination of several neural network technologies: a universal sentence encoder and a neural network recurrent architecture of bidirectional long-term short-term memory. The results of an assessment in comparison with modern means of natural language text processing (SpaCy) showed the merits and prospects of the practical application of the methodological approach.
Data preprocessing for machine analysis of sales representatives’ key performance indicators
Authors: Vladova Alla , Shek Elena
Published: September 2021

Significant transformation of the operational activity of product and service distributors is driven by changes in data-receiving and processing technology. At present, the work of these companies’ representatives is digitized to a large extent: for example, the road time, the number and places of meetings with customers are automatically recorded. At the same time, the productivity of managers who do not make direct sales is usually evaluated with the help of surveys, experts and costly double visits, although the existence of large data samples makes possible the use of statistical analysis to identify both insufficient and inflated values of performance indicators. Source data: a relational database that accumulates information about 28 categorical, quantitative, geolocation and temporal parameters of sale representatives’ activities for the last year. Based on available data, we created synthetic features (the latitude and longitude features produced the index, region, street, and house features; based upon identifiers we calculated the sum of activities of sales representatives; according to temporary features we defined the season of the year, the day of the week and the period of day features). The methodology for statistical analysis consists of three main stages: collection and processing of primary data; summary and grouping processed information; setting statistical hypotheses and interpreting the results. A probabilistic approach was used to model the level of distortion of sale representatives’ activities. As a result, with the built tag cloud we highlighted: the most popular season for advertising campaigns; the most productive departments and sale representatives; days of the week with the largest number of contacts to customers. We established a significant number of records about meetings with clients at the weekends. As a result of the data mining, we made a statistical hypothesis about the possibility of identifying the sale representatives who distort the number and parameters of meetings. A set of synthetic integer, real and categorical features was created to identify hidden relationships. Doubtful data (such as working at weekends or at night) were revealed. The resulting aggregated dataset is grouped by a sale representative’s activity ID and the distribution of this feature is plotted. For each sale representative, integer and real features are summarized and outliers that characterize inefficient performance or distortion of data have been detected. Thus, the presence of a large sample of data on the history of movements and activities allowed us to evaluate the productivity of the distribution company’s sales representatives based upon indirect features.
The long term effects of firearm injuries on special senses
Authors: Shrinivas Chavan
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Special senses are group of sensory organs that help us to connect with external environment by various modes of elements like sound, sight, touch and smell. Any damage to these organs though may not be physically handicapping but can affect the quality of life of any individual. Bullet injuries to the head and neck region are life-threatening and demand a detailed clinical examination and meticulous operative management due to the complexity of craniofacial anatomy. Head and neck region also house sense organs, but most of the time their functions are not properly assessed during the primary care provided in firearm injuries. The main aim of this study was – To study the long term effects of firearm injuries on special senses. To study the impact of these injuries on facial visage causing impairment on quality of life. To set a standard protocol that can be applied in such injuries for a bedside evaluation of sense organs of victims. Materials and Methods: The following study was conducted by the Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Forensic Medicine and Department of Community Medicine, at Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals. A retrospective study of 532 patients who were victims of various firearm injuries in isolated civil incidents and terrorist attacks in Mumbai between January 1990 to July 2018. Institutional ethical clearance was obtained prior to initiating the study. Data regarding the patients were obtained from hospital records. Results: The age group which was most affected was between 20- 40 years i.e.; the working population of the country. Most of the patients were of the male gender, nearly 70.3%. The sense organ to be affected the most in these incidents was ear(55.2%) ,followed by eyes(39.3%) . Facial scar caused a significant social impact on the quality of life among females. Conclusion: This study aims to set a standard protocol in the post-critical phase in firearm injuries; giving priority to functions of sense organs and facial visage to ensure a good quality of life in the post-trauma period.
Psychological and neurocognitive impact of Behcet’s disease
Authors: Caroline A Fisher
Published: September 2021

Background: Behcet’s disease is a vasculitis, causing multisystem inflammation and resulting in oral and genital ulcers and eye and skin lesions. A proportion of suffers also have neurological involvement, termed neuro-Behcet’s disease. The purpose of this review was to investigate the psychological and neurocognitive sequelae associated with Behcet’s and neuro-Behcet’s disease and provide directions for future research.
A new paradigm is needed to guide the utility of functional electrical stimulation in rehabilitation medicine
Authors: Gad Alon
Published: September 2021

Back in 2006, an invited commentary raised the question “are we asking clinically relevant questions”? The commentary referenced an application of electrical stimulation in a clinical trial [1]. This question regarding Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) and Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) is as relevant in 2020. Based on the premise and presumption that the aim of applying NMES/FES is to enable each patient achieve the most effective and efficient recovery of functional independence, one must wonder if we are asking the most critical, yet clinically relevant questions? This perspective focuses on locomotion and upper extremity function following a Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) and non-neurological damage to the knee joint. It delineates several questions elaborating on the issue of meaningful outcomes to the patients versus the focus of clinician and researchers on measurable outcomes. It offers pathways that should hopefully lead to considerably more effective and efficient utilization of NMES and FES in rehabilitation medicine.
A baseline taxonomic study of zooplankton in the lower Halda River, Bangladesh
Authors: Md. Simul Bhuyan
Published: September 2021

Halda is a unique resourceful tidal river of Bangladesh, where Indian major carps (Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Cirhinnus mrigala, and Labeo calbasu) spawn from April to June. Ecological conditions are auspicious from time immemorial which serves as a natural breeding ground in the world. The present study was conducted over the period of January-June 2017 to identify the main species of Zooplankton fauna and also fi nd out the dominancy of the highest plankton groups in the lower Halda River. A total of 3 major zooplankton groups-Copepoda, Rotifera and Cladocera were identifi ed during the six months period. A total of 35 species under 4 family showing the dominancy for the class Rotifera consisting of 7 genera were recorded from fi ve sampling sites. The lowest group was Cladocera consisting of 5 genera. The composition and dominance of the zooplankton community among fi ve different sites in the lower Halda River showed some close inter-relationships. The present study suggests for conducting further research to know the overall conditions and to make a complete list of available zooplankton fauna that exert impact on the water quality of the Halda River.
Equalization principles in open subsystems, origins of information descriptors and state-continuity relations
Authors: Roman F Nalewajski
Published: September 2021

The electronegativity-equalization at several hypothetical stages of chemical reactions is reexamined and phase-equalization in open substrates is explored. The equivalence of the energy and information reactivity criteria is stressed and local energy concept is shown to determine time-evolutions of wavefunction components. Independent sources of information content in electronic states are identifi ed and the need for resultant entropy-information measures in quantum mechanics, combining information contributions due to the classical (probability) and nonclassical (phase/current) distributions, is reemphasized. Limitations for a simultaneous removal of uncertainties in the position and velocity distributions imposed by the Heisenberg indeterminacy principle, are discussed, continuities of the wavefunction modulus and phase components are examined, the convectional character of the local source of resultant gradient information is stressed, and a latent (“horizontal”) probability currents in the stationary quantum states are discussed.
Winter Diet of an Eurasian Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) Near the Yedikır Dam, Amasya (Turkey)
Authors: ÖZKOÇ Ömral Ünsal , SELÇUK Ahmet Yesari
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aim of study: The aim of this study was to contribute to the data on the diet of Eurasian Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) in Turkey.

Area of study: This study was conducted near the Yedikır Dam (Amasya)

Material and methods: A total of 12 pellets of the Eurasian Eagle Owl collected in Yedikır Dam was analyzed. The remains of the skull and lower jaw were used for the identification of mammals.

Main results: 60 preys were identified to belong to 6 different taxa (5 Rodents and 1 Passerine). The main prey was Mus spp. (35.0%). Only one bird remain was recorded from pellets.

Highlights: Pellet analyses were the first step for understanding the diet of B. bubo. Considering, B. bubo is an opportunistic predator and can consume medium-sized mammals and large-sized birds. Hence, a diet study supported with remains that are directly collected from the nest or perching site and their surroundings will reveal more objectively prey preferences for this apex predator.
Morphological Traits of Silver Fir (Abies alba Mill.) in the Bosnian-Herzegovinian Provenance Test
Authors: HODZIC Mirzeta Memisevic , HALILOVIC Velid , ADVAGIC Admir , BALLIAN Dalibor
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aim of study: This research aims to determine if there are statistically significant differences among provenances of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) as one of the most important tree species in Bosnia and Herzegovina, to choose a provenance with the best productivity for further silvicultural activities of silver fir in the country.

Material and methods: The height and diameter at breast height were measured, and the basal area and volume of silver fir trees were calculated in the silver fir provenance test. The test contains nine provenances from Bosnia and Hezegovina and was launched in 1991, with 5-year-old seedlings (3+2). The data were collected in 2013.

Main results: Variance analysis for all traits showed statistically significant differences among provenances. Average breast height diameter in 27-year-old plants for all provenances amounted to 11.0 cm, average height 8.4 m, average basal area 0.010342 m2, and average volume 0.070845 m3

Highlights: The research results confirmed the existence of variability among silver fir provenances in Bosnia and Herzegovina, considering the morphological indicators. Provenance Bosanski Petrovac showed the highest values of all traits, which implies it is the best provenance for the further activities on seed collecting and producing planting material for afforestation in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The Effects of Cold Stratification, Cold Storage and Gibberellic acid (GA3) on Seed Germination of Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.)
Authors: BİLGİN Serap , ALIM Esra
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aim of study: The effects of cold stratification, cold storage and gibberellic acid (GA3) on seed germination of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) were investigated.

Area of study: Ripe berries of V.myrtillus were collected from the Kaz Mountains (İda Mount) National Park-Balıkesir province in Turkey.

Material and methods: In the study five levels of cold moist stratification period, cold dry storage period (control, 15, 30, 60, 90 days) at +4 ºC and three dose of GA3 (control, 500, 1000, 1500 mg/L) treatments were applied. Data were tested independently by ANOVA according to three factors with three replications. 50 seeds were used for each treatment for each replication.

Main results: Cold stratifications, cold storage and GA3 treatments did not increase the germination percentage of bilberry seeds. Germination was found between 23-40% in all experiments.

Highlights: Different pretreatments are advised for increasing germination percentage of V. myrtillus L. seeds
Intelligent Biomimetic Artificial Form for Lignocellulosic Surfaces
Authors: RAMAZANOĞLU Doğu , ÖZDEMİR Ferhat
Published: September 2021

Aim of study: In this study, it is aimed to make the wood material hydrophobic and magnetic by creating a smart biomimetic artificial form for lignocellulosic surfaces.

Material and methods: Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4·7H2O), Manganese (II) chloride (MnCl2.4H2O), Ethyl alcohol (EtOH), Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and Potassium nitrate (KNO3) having implemented on the wood to the synthesis of the intelligent biomimetic surface. Hydrophobisation had supplied by Octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS, 95%). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) having used for the characterization step. Water contact angle (WCA) had used for hydrophobicity. Finally, the UV-Vis spectrometer device had used to determine the magnetic properties.

Main results: According to the characterizations, the smart biomimetic artificial form having been synthesized on a wood surface successfully. The water contact angle of the new surface having determined as θγ 125 °. It showed absorption properties in the wavelength range of 200-800 nm.

Highlights: As a smart biomimetic artificial design has produced as a result of this study improves the resistance of wood to water and sunshine, this could be significantly diminished maintenance costs in many fields from living areas to the maritime industry.
Toys and Creativity
Authors: YAZGIN Eda
Published: September 2021

The historical, anthropological and developmental research shows that play has been universal in all cultures, and children's play is supported by toys and play materials produced by adults. It is well known that, when properly used, quality toys provide children with a wealth of opportunities for creativity, social interaction with adults, and effective participation. However, research-based evidence on specific types of play and toys that support learning and development most effectively needs to be multiplied. Children are prepared to learn what they need to learn with passion and pleasure. This text emphasizes the aspects of toys related to creativity. Relevant to our day, the threats to the place of play and toy in the life of the increasingly lonely child are also discussed.
A VERTICALLY INTEGRATED UNDERGRADUATE PROJECT WITH REAL LIFE IMPACT: MONARCH ROUTE
Authors:   School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico, Cuevas-Cancino M , Peña-Becerril M ,   School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico, Camacho-Zuñiga C ,   School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico
Published: September 2021

Monarch Route was a university award-winning project, having won the Premios Latinoamerica Verde in 2018. The project followed a research-based methodology and implemented a vertically integrated collaboration which included 181 undergraduate students; the entire student body enrolled in the Sustainable Development Engineering course of the Tec de Monterrey, Campus Santa Fe, in 2017. It was conducted in conjunction with the Fundación Nacional para la Conservación del Hábitat Boscoso de la Mariposa Monarca A.C. (FUNACOMM) so as to stop and revert the extinction of the monarch butterfly and at the same time promote benefits for the rural communities found throughout the migratory route of this species. The purpose of this work is to inspire the academic community to design successful projects which develop transverse and disciplinary competences. The project answered the following research question: What are the learning outcomes from participating in a project with real life impacts, working in a vertical and horizontal collaboration system? Using a mixed methodology, we describe the details of the implementation and learning outcomes. The Monarch Route project intrinsically motivated the students since it allowed them to collaborate, vertically and horizontally, in a socially relevant project, as well as having the choice and control over their education. By means of a text analysis of 22 final remarks of participating students, it was evident that they were able to recognize environmental, conservation and sustainable development problems and analyze their impact, in addition to being aware of the social aspects associated to them, and above all, recognize the link of these type of projects with their professional life and their social commitment to Mexico. Keywords: vertically integrated project, self-regulated learning, Research-based methodology, text analysis, sustainability, higher education, educational innovation
ADAPTABILITY STRATEGIES OF LEARNERS AGAINST COVID-19 UNCERTAINTY
Authors:   Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, México, Lopez M , Segura-Azuara NDA ,   Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, México, Elizondo-Leal JA ,   Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, México, ErañaRojas IE ,   Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, México
Published: September 2021

New infectious diseases, especially one of the magnitudes of COVID-19, leads to complex situations for individuals and communities alike. Particularly in higher education, learners faced a surrealist world in which education shifted abruptly to an online setting because of the virus. Regardless of their field of study, they had to apply coping strategies to adapt and incorporate new values, beliefs, and perspectives into a new learning environment. Universities must foster educational opportunities to train learners on these capacities to prepare professionals for their success in their profession. This study’s objective was to assess these adaptability strategies that higher-education learners had to tackle the uncertainty of the coronavirus pandemic. A quantitative approach was considered with a descriptive and cross-sectional design. The convenience sample consisted of 34 learners in the final year of their medical program. As an instrument, an adaptation of the Proactive Coping Inventory was used with a 5-level Likert scale where 1 stands for total disagreement and 5 with total agreement. According to the results, students use more than one strategy to cope with difficult situations. The mean obtained in the control strategy was 3.98, curiosity 3.18, confidence 3.02, and concern was 2.97. The ANOVA test showed that there is no significant difference in the dimensions (p-value of 0.062). These results indicate that students had the intellectual curiosity to propose new personal and professional development goals and monitor the scope of those through selfregulation. Institutions need to learn from what they implemented amid the pandemic and incorporate best practices for the new normality ahead. Keywords: educational innovation, higher education, professional education, medical education, coping strategies, pandemic adaptations
EXPERIENCE OF OPHTHALMOLOGY RESIDENTS USING SIMULATION DURING PANDEMIC
Authors:   Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, México, Macías-Rodríguez Y , Lopez M ,   Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, México, Ríos-Barrientos E ,   Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, México, AlonzoCorrea CP ,   Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, México
Published: September 2021

During the pandemic, postgraduate medical programs were affected by the closure of clinics, which reduced the surgical procedures that the students performed. To continue offering these practical experiences, many educational programs turned to simulation activities where students could practice, engage in assessment, and receive feedback to guarantee skill development. The objective of this study was to analyze the training experience of ophthalmology residents based on a simulation that emerged in the pandemic. The study considered a mixed-method approach with parallel quantitativequalitative phases. The sample consisted of 21 residents from different stages in their training in a multicentric postgraduate medical program in Mexico. As an instrument, a 10-item online survey focused on the elements of simulation practice, such as the type of procedures, frequency of participation, and their perspectives on skills development and how closely their mastery could be translated to professional practice. The results show that students practiced nine different types of procedures. First-year residents used simulators the most (40%), and 65% performed animal model practices. Regarding students' perception of skill development, 70% of them valued their performance on a competent level, and 75% of students consider these skills are transferable to a professional practice setting. Even 31% of participants consider this experience comparable to what they would have done without the restrictions of the pandemic. The model can be transferred to other postgraduate medical or health-focused programs, even after the pandemic simulation can foster a safe learning environment for students to master complex procedures. Other disciplines can incorporate these lessons in preparing contextrich educational experiences to prepare graduates for a competitive professional environment. Keywords: Educational innovation, Higher education, Simulation, Medical education, Residency programs
HUMANISM IN TIMES OF PANDEMIC: ONLINE CLINICAL SIMULATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ETHICAL COMPETENCIES
Authors:   Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico, Cordero-Díaz MA , González-Amarante MP ,   Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico
Published: September 2021

The SARS-COV2 health contingency and the cessation of face-to-face activities has motivated multiple educational innovations for distance teaching. Medical schools are particularly defied because of the need for clinical training, however simulation offers opportunities to achieve continuity. A clinical simulation exercise was redesigned and transformed to an online synchronic simulation via Zoom. The participating groups of medical students (n=53) were in the Bioethics and Clinical Bioethics courses, adjunct to their Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology (ObGyn) clerkships in June 2020. Two simulated clinical cases were performed via Zoom, followed by a debriefing session. Later, an online survey was applied to the participants to know their perception and experience with this new version, considering they had experienced the original face-toface simulation on the alternate clerkship the prior trimester. A mixed method approach was used to analyze the responses. The results showed that the virtual format was very effective, 72% considered it very similar to the original version. The exercise revealed high emotional commitment, allowing students to develop their socio-emotional skills. Student reactions were categorized and coded as emotions triggered by a) their performance as professionals, b) those related directly to the patient’s emotions and situation, which showed significant gender differences, and c) students' anxiety related to the academic exercise itself, the least found. The fact that the clinical component was restructured due to the remote format may have helped in focusing on the preponderance of emotional, communication and relational aspects of the patient-doctor relationship. Also, most students identified the exercise was meaningful in approaching bioethics contents, including end-of-life decisions in patient care, and informed consent. In conclusion, the online clinical simulation activity proved effective in integrating professionalism outcomes that encompass ethical knowledge, skills and attitudes that prepare medical students for their professional role, along with the debriefing reinforcing insightful learning integration. Keywords: educational innovation, higher education, clinical simulation, humanism, ethics
IMPLEMENTATION AND ACCEPTANCE OF ONLINE LEARNING IN THE INDONESIAN CIVIL SERVICE: ARE WE THERE YET?
Authors:   ASEAN Institute of Applied Learning, Jakarta, Indonesia, Fairman B , Salak AM ,   The National Institute of Public Administration-NIPA, Jakarta, Indonesia, Maliki MA ,   NIPA Jakarta, Indonesia, Voak A ,   James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
Published: September 2021

COVID-19 is just the latest of a series of disruptions to the world’s economic order. Even before the pandemic, business models were being transformed by the demands of globalization, urbanization and disruptive technologies. As a consequence, almost every aspect of our lives is undergoing rapid change at an unprecedented pace. COVID-19 has modified not only the way we work, but also how workforces learn, collaborate and communicate. The pandemic has also seen a rapid movement to e-learning interventions, resulting in a rebalancing of power relationships between teacher and learner. However, an e-learning environment requires learners to take a more active role in their own learning, and as a result, as learners seek out greater active participation and engagement, they play a more significant role in the learning process (Seta et al., 2020). An outcome of this change is that within human capability programs in Indonesia, the ‘Teacher-centred’ style of presentation is losing cultural relevance, and there is a dynamic movement towards a more ‘Student-centred’ approach. The implications of this development are that trainers need to perform new, more non-traditional roles as mentors, coaches and learner guides (Fairman et al., 2020). To meet the requirements of these changes, there is a need to urgently reconsider the relevance of classical teaching approaches in Indonesia. This paper examines the learning and development programs as implemented by the National Institute of Public Administration (NIPA), which is largely responsible for building human resource capability across the Indonesian civil service (Murti, 2020). During the COVID pandemic, NIPA has moved from their ‘classical’ forms of training towards ‘online learning’, and the impact of this ‘shift’ has raised a number of challenges for NIPA staff and the role they play in developing Indonesia’s human capital. Keywords: human capability development, applied learning, skills development, COVID19
HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS’ EXPERIENCE IN A DIGITAL EDUCATIONAL MODALITY
Authors:   Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico, Zubieta-Ramírez C , Ayala-Aguirre FG ,   Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico, Olivares-Olivares SL ,   Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico, Rodríguez-Pichardo CM ,   Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico, Mendoza-Moreno JA ,   Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico, Huereca-Alonzo S ,   Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico, Yépiz-Guerrero MN ,   Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico
Published: September 2021

In 2020, universities worldwide migrated abruptly from face-to-face education to an emergency remote distance format to respond to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The present study aimed to assess this type of learning experience from higher education students' perspectives. A mixed-method design was conducted with 796 students from six different disciplinary schools. The questionnaire included five constructs (Pedagogical, Collaboration, Learning Resources, Time Management, and Functional Features) with 17 quantitative items rated on a 1-5 Likert scale (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.955). Answers from two open questions were coded into two categories: Positive Experiences and Aspects to Improve. The highest constructs were Functional Features (3.60) and Time Management (3.15). The lowest score was Collaboration (2.77). Students appreciated the digital experience using Zoom and Canvas and their flexibility with time and space in their selfmanagement. They recommended improving the interactions among peers and teachers with shorter and more interactive synchronous sessions. Even though there was only one week to prepare for the change from face-to-face to emergency remote distance learning, the students successfully continued their education. An updated distance teaching method was improved and implemented after reviewing the results of the present study. Since August 2020, more than 50 thousand higher education students have been taught via this enhanced digital educational modality. Keywords: Educational Innovation, Higher Education, digital education, flexible education, Zoom, Canvas, SARS-CoV-2
EVALUATING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABILITY COMPETENCIES AND KNOWLEDGE IN THE ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN STUDENTS
Authors:   Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico, Nuñez ME , Rodriguez-Paz MX ,   Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico, Lozano RPM ,   Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico
Published: September 2021

Innovation in learning and teaching in higher education permits greater impact on students in the context of the current form of communication. Compared to the traditional model of teaching. employing innovative teaching resources offers opportunities to explore different global perspectives and can help students recognize the complexities behind the world's current challenges, including that of Sustainable Development. This study is part of an investigation that, through different methods has collected information to address the need for innovative resources to promote Sustainable Development Education (SDE) more efficiently into the higher education curricula, specifically into the Architecture and Design programs. This study seeks to respond to the call for responsible actions, based on rational principles and ethical values to integrate Sustainable Development (SD) in the study plans through the design of a digital platform and an online test that allows architecture and industrial design students to evaluate the sustainability of their projects. A survey was applied for the first time in June 2020 to a sample of 145 students from nine Project courses; the main results of this first application are presented in this paper. An important finding so far is that it is necessary to integrate SD more firmly and more efficiently and that a deeper reflection in students about SD must be promoted. It is also important to provide the students with an adequate variety of resources for the development of their projects, such as: tests to evaluate sustainability, links to workshops, online games, complementary courses and conferences, videos and webinars with experts, among others. Keywords: Sustainable development education, evaluation of competencies, higher education curricula