bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Freshwater bloom‐forming cyanobacteria and anthropogenic change
Authors: Bonilla Sylvia , Pick Frances R.
Published: September 2017

This lecture (∼ 45‐55 slides) will be aimed at senior undergraduate students and graduate students in aquatic sciences with little background in phycology. This lecture could be used in a Aquatic Ecology or Sciences (Limnology) course, an Ecology course, a Phycology course, Environmental Science.

Cyanobacteria that may lead to blooms encompass a wide range of different functional groups. We will present:

1) the evolutionary history of cyanobacteria (2‐3 slides) (this helps explain some of their present‐day traits)

2) basic biology and physiological/ecological traits of planktonic cyanobacteria that are most often associated with visible biomass accumulations (“blooms”) in freshwater/brackish systems of various regions of the world. Traits to be considered include: capacity for N fixation, nutrient uptake and storage (C, N, P), siderochromes, buoyancy regulation (gas vacuoles, mucilage), life cycles, growth rates vs. loss rates (resistance to grazing), allelopathy (negative vs. positive biotic interactions) Functional groups. Planktonic genera may also produce toxins, contributing to harmful algal blooms. (∼12‐14 slides).

3) Cyanotoxins: the principal types of toxins produced and their effects (persistence) will be compared, along with theories as to the biological function of these compounds. (∼ 6 slides)

4) Specific case studies of blooms types under different climates: e.g. scum‐forming, metalimnetic, dispersed (∼6)

5) The factors that appear to explain and control cyanobacterial dominance will be presented, including nutrient effects, temperature, and food chain changes. These factors vary across temporal and spatial scales. Evidence for eutrophication and climate change in mediating directly or indirectly the frequency and severity of freshwater cyanobacterial blooms will be considered (∼8‐10).

6) Research avenues Controversial or unresolved topics: e.g. invasiveness?, cosmopolitan or geographically restricted (e.g. endemism? in hot spring taxa), toxin concerns and bioaccumulation), nitrogen fixation (“pretenders”), nutrient stoichiometry. Unexplored diversity at different levels (molecular, chemical, taxonomic), techniques for controlling cyanobacteria blooms, the future for cyanobacteria under climate change scenarios (∼4)

7) General references, web resourcess and primary articles. (∼2)

8) Questions and potential experiments for instructors and students will be provided at the end of the lecture (supplementary slides).
Soluble Dietary Fiber Reduces Trimethylamine Metabolism via Gut Microbiota and Co‐Regulates Host AMPK Pathways
Authors: Li Qian , Wu Tao , Liu Rui , Zhang Min , Wang Ruijun
Published: September 2017

Scope

Evidence from animal experiments and clinical medicine suggests that high dietary fiber intake, followed by gut microbiota‐mediated fermentation, decreases trimethylamine (TMA) metabolism, the mechanism of which, however, remains unclear. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate, using mice fed with red meat, the effects of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) intervention on TMA metabolism.

Methods and results

Low‐ or high‐dose soluble dietary fiber (SDF) from natural wheat bran (LN and HN, low‐ and high‐dose natural SDF), fermented wheat bran (LF and HF, low‐ and high‐dose fermented SDF), and steam‐exploded wheat bran (LE and HE, low‐ and high‐dose exploded SDF groups) were used to examine whether SDF interventions in mice fed with red meat can alter TMA and trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO) metabolism by gut microbial communities in a diet‐specific manner. Results demonstrated that SDF‐diets could reduce TMA and trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO) metabolism by 40.6 and 62.6%, respectively. DF feeding, particularly fermented SDF, reshaped gut microbial ecology and promoted the growth of certain beneficial microflora species. SDF‐diet decreased energy intake, weight gain, intestinal pH values, and serum lipid and cholesterol levels. SDF‐diet also enhanced the production of short chain fatty acids with activation of the intestinal epithelial adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK).

Conclusion

These findings suggest a central mechanism via which SDF‐diet may control TMA metabolism by gut microflora and co‐regulate the AMPK pathways of the host.
Intravoxel incoherent motion MRI as a means to measure in vivo perfusion: A review of the evidence
Authors: Federau Christian
Published: September 2017

The idea that in vivo intravoxel incoherent motion magnetic resonance signal is influenced by blood motion in the microvasculature is exciting, because it suggests that local and quantitative perfusion information can be obtained in a simple and elegant way from a few diffusion‐weighted images, without contrast injection. When the method was proposed in the late 1980s some doubts appeared as to its feasibility, and, probably because the signal to noise and image quality at the time was not sufficient, no obvious experimental evidence could be produced to alleviate them. Helped by the tremendous improvements seen in the last three decades in MR hardware, pulse design, and post‐processing capabilities, an increasing number of encouraging reports on the value of intravoxel incoherent motion perfusion imaging have emerged. The aim of this article is to review the current published evidence on the feasibility of in vivo perfusion imaging with intravoxel incoherent motion MRI.
It could have been me: Proximity motivates disaster giving
Authors: Zagefka Hanna
Published: September 2017

Effects of physical proximity of potential donors to a disaster location were studied. Physical proximity increased counterfactual thoughts, that is, thoughts that the donors themselves might have suffered from the event if the circumstances had been a bit different. Counterfactuals, in turn, increased reported willingness to help the victims of the disaster. The same effects were found for hypothetical proximity, in the form of a desire to visit the impacted location before the disaster occurred. The pattern was consistent across five correlational and experimental studies, which focused on a range of real‐life and fictitious disasters. The findings are important because they can explain why people and governments often dwell on relatively minor problems at home rather than thousands of people suffering and dying overseas. The findings also suggest an easy and cost‐effective way of boosting donations to disaster victims.
Metastatic Cancer in the Middle Age: The Possible Case of a Female Skeleton from Bormio (Italy)
Authors: Caruso V. , Gibelli D. , Castoldi E. , Sconfienza L. M. , Sardanelli F. , Cattaneo C.
Published: September 2017

Secondary signs of cancer are difficult to assess in the archaeological context, as other lesions may mimic metastases on dry bones. Furthermore, the low life expectancy, lower level of environmental cancer risk factors and pollution than the present times can contribute in limiting the frequency of signs of cancer in archaeological populations.

This study focuses on a female adult skeleton from the necropolis of Bormio (North Italy), dating back to Middle Ages, which shows multiple lytic lesions on cranium, upper limbs, ribs and pelvis; lesions are oval in shape, with a diameter ranging from 1–2 to 80 mm. The lesions appearance and distribution at macroscopic and radiographic level, together with sex and age indications, suggest the diagnosis of metastatic cancer. Possible diagnostic hypotheses of the possible sites of original cancer were performed as well, based on modern epidemiological data. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Boys have not caught up, family influences still continue: Influences on executive functioning and behavioral self‐regulation in elementary students in Germany
Authors: Gunzenhauser Catherine , Saalbach Henrik , von Suchodoletz Antje
Published: September 2017

The development of self‐regulation is influenced by various child‐level and family‐level characteristics. Previous research focusing on the preschool period reported a female advantage in self‐regulation and negative effects of various adverse features of the family environment on self‐regulation. The present study aimed to investigate growth in self‐regulation (i.e., executive functioning and behavioral self‐regulation) over 1 school year during early elementary school and to explore the influences of child sex, the level of home chaos, and family educational resources on self‐regulation. Participants were 263 German children (51% girls; mean age 8.59 years, SD = 0.56 years). Data were collected during the fall and spring of the school year. A computer‐based standardized test battery was used to assess executive functioning. Caregiver ratings assessed children's behavioral self‐regulation and information on the family's home environment (chaotic home environment and educational resources). Results suggest growth in elementary school children's executive functioning over the course of the school year. However, there were no significant changes in children's behavioral self‐regulation between the beginning and the end of Grade 3. Sex differences in inhibitory control/cognitive flexibility and behavioral self‐regulation were found, suggesting an advantage for girls. Educational resources in the family but not chaotic family environment were significantly related to self‐regulation at both time‐points. Children from families with more educational resources scored higher on self‐regulation measures compared to their counterparts from less advantaged families. We did not find evidence for child‐level or family‐level characteristics predicting self‐regulation growth over time. Findings add to the evidence of a gender gap in self‐regulation skills, but suggest that it might not further widen towards the end of elementary school age. Adequate self‐regulation skills should be fostered in both girls and boys. Results also add to the importance of supporting self‐regulation development in children from disadvantaged family backgrounds early in life.
A novel polymer‐based genosensor for the detection and quantification of Streptococcus pneumoniae in genomic DNA sample
Authors: Ferreira Fábio P. , Honorato‐Castro Ana C. , da Silva Jussara Vieira , Orellana Sara‐Cuadros , Oliveira Guilherme C. , Madurro João M. , Brito‐Madurro Ana G.
Published: September 2017

The Streptococcus pneumoniae detection plays an important role in the diagnosis and monitoring of pneumococcal diseases. A genosensor based on graphite electrodes modified with polymer was developed for such detection. First, the poly(4‐aminophenol) film was electrochemically deposited on a graphite electrode. Afterward, an S. pneumoniae‐specific oligonucleotide (Strep1), isolated from conserved regions of the bacterial genome, was immobilized onto the modified electrode surface and used for the test with complementary target oligonucleotide (Strep2) or genomic DNA. The genosensor was evaluated using electrochemical techniques and atomic force microscopy. Poly(4‐aminophenol) film caused an increase in probe immobilization, monitoring the guanine oxidation peak. The detection limits obtained using differential pulse voltammetry and electrochemical spectroscopy impedance were 54 and 28 ng mL−1, respectively. The novel genosensor was efficient for the immobilization and detection of S. pneumoniae genomic DNA. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:1308–1314, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Clustal Omega for making accurate alignments of many protein sequences
Authors: Sievers Fabian , Higgins Desmond G.
Published: September 2017

Clustal Omega is a widely used package for carrying out multiple sequence alignment. Here, we describe some recent additions to the package and benchmark some alternative ways of making alignments. These benchmarks are based on protein structure comparisons or predictions and include a recently described method based on secondary structure prediction. In general, Clustal Omega is fast enough to make very large alignments and the accuracy of protein alignments is high when compared to alternative packages. The package is freely available as executables or source code from www.clustal.org or can be run on‐line from a variety of sites, especially the EBI www.ebi.ac.uk.
Pareto Optimal Design of Non‐Homogeneous Isotropic Material Properties for the Multiple Loading Conditions
Authors: Czarnecki Sławomir , Lewiński Tomasz
Published: September 2017

The present paper concerns two methods: IMD (isotropic material design) and YMD (Young modulus material design) concerning Pareto optimal distributions of the material and its isotropic properties. The merit function is the weighted sum of compliances corresponding to n independent loading conditions. The unit cost of the design is assumed as equal to the trace of the elastic moduli tensor C. In the IMD method, the design variables are the bulk and shear moduli. In the YMD method, the Poisson ratio is assumed as given, possibly non‐uniformly distributed in the design domain, the Young modulus being the only design variable. Both the methods reduce to the auxiliary minimization problem involving statically admissible stress fields corresponding to the subsequent loading conditions. The integrand is expressed by a norm of the collection of these stresses, hence has linear growth. The numerical method proposed refers to the primal formulation: it is based on piece‐wise polynomial approximation of the set of statically admissible stresses. The exemplary Pareto optimal solutions show that admitting negative values of Poisson's ratio may contribute to a decrease of the total compliances.
Phosphopeptide enrichment with cross‐linked Os(II)(dmebpy)2Cl‐derivatized acrylamide and vinylimidazole copolymer
Authors: Zhou Jie
Published: September 2017

Rationale

Reversible phosphorylation of proteins catalyzed by kinases and phosphatases plays a key regulatory role in intracellular biological processes. Protein phosphorylation profiling is still a challenge due to its low stoichiometry, diversity of phosphorylated protein forms, and dynamic nature of phosphorylation states. Mass spectrometry (MS) has been widely used for the characterization of protein phosphorylation, due to its high sensitivity and MS/MS sequencing capability. However, the low abundance and ionization efficiency of phosphorylated peptides and interference from their non‐phosphorylated counterparts and other peptides in the enzymatic digests of proteins complicate the localization of phosphorylation sites in liquid chromatography (LC)/MS analysis. So the enrichment of phosphopeptides from the digests is often required before LC/MS. Immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) and metal oxide affinity chromatography (MOAC) are the two most commonly used enrichment techniques for phosphopeptides prior to MS analysis.

Methods

Cross‐linked Os(II)(4,4’‐dimethyl‐2,2’‐bipyridine)2Cl‐derivatized acrylamide and vinylimidazole copolymer were applied for the enrichment of phosphopeptides.

Results

Under neutral loading buffer conditions phosphopeptides bind on the Os‐polymer without nonspecific binding of acidic peptides. Differential binding of monophosphorylated and multiply phosphorylated peptides can be achieved under different concentrations of imidazole. Sequential elution of bound phosphopeptides can be obtained with elution buffers of different pH values below 3. The loading buffers with imidazole can be aqueous or 7/3 H2O/ACN. Once phosphopeptides bind onto the Os‐polymer, washing with water, 0.1% acetic acid (pH ~ 3) or 1/1 H2O/ACN 0.05% acetic acid (pH ~3) does not elute phosphopeptides. The Os‐polymer does not show bias of binding and elution toward phosphopeptide standards with singly, doubly and triply phosphorylated sites.

Conclusions

Cross‐linked Os(II)(dimethylbipyridine)2Cl‐derivatized poly(acrylamide)‐poly(vinylimidazole) copolymer is proven to be a new efficient IMAC resin for phosphopeptide enrichment and shows some unique properties for differential binding and sequential elution of phosphopeptides. It could become a better alternative to traditional IMAC and TiO2 for phosphopeptide enrichment.
Asymptotic stability in probability for discrete‐time stochastic coupled systems on networks with multiple dispersal
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Hong Yu , Su Huan
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we consider the asymptotic stability in probability for discrete‐time stochastic coupled systems on networks with multiple dispersal (DSCSM). We begin with modeling a DSCSM on multiple digraphs and consequently construct a global Lyapunov function based on the topological structure of multiple digraphs. Using the Lyapunov method combined with the graph theory and the supermartingale convergence theorem, several stability criteria for DSCSM are derived. In what follows, the given results are utilized to analyze a stochastic coupled oscillator model. Finally, 2 numerical examples are also given to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed results.
Can macroinvertebrate biological traits indicate fine‐grained sediment conditions in streams?
Authors: Murphy J. F. , Jones J. I. , Arnold A. , Duerdoth C. P. , Pretty J. L. , Naden P. S. , Sear D. A. , Collins A. L.
Published: September 2017

Excessive inputs of fine‐grained sediment can damage aquatic ecosystems both by degrading habitat condition and by directly impairing biota. Recent research has improved our understanding of how benthic macroinvertebrates respond to fine‐grained sediment stress, leading to the development of a variety of bioassessment indices based on changes in taxonomic composition and biological trait composition. Use of biological traits as indicators of stress has been advocated on the basis of a better mechanistic understanding of the biotic and abiotic factors acting on benthic communities. We quantified changes in the macroinvertebrate biological trait assemblage from a large number of river reaches spanning a national‐scale gradient of increasing agricultural fine sediment delivery and retention, having first factored out variation associated with the natural environmental gradient, with the aim of robustly testing predictions of trait response. We found strong support for 2 of 18 predictions of how macroinvertebrate traits would respond to fine sediment stress. Furthermore, using an independent dataset, we were able to confirm the response of 5 of 6 trait classes that partial RLQ‐fourth corner analysis found to be significantly associated with the fine sediment gradient. Prevalence of eggs as a resistant form, in combination with either an adult aquatic life stage or crawling, provided the best indication of fine sediment conditions in streams, approaching the performance of taxonomic composition‐based sediment indices, CoFSIsp and EPSImtl. This study has robustly confirmed the potential of macroinvertebrate biological traits as indicators of fine sediment impacts.
Static analysis and process model transformation for an advanced business process to Petri net mapping
Authors: Heinze Thomas S. , Amme Wolfram , Moser Simon
Published: September 2017

Verification of business processes typically relies on Petri net–based process models. While they allow for natural modeling and analysis of aspects such as parallelism and message exchange, such a process model is seldom complete and precise. This is mainly because the available techniques for deriving a Petri net model from the original model neglect process data in favor of feasible verification. In this paper, we present an approach for deriving more precise process models by leveraging a process‐to‐Petri‐net compiler, which takes as input a business process and generates as output a Petri net model for the process. This can be subsequently used for verification. However, in contrast to a conventional compiler, our compiler's objective is not to create the most efficient code but rather to produce a most precise but still effectively verifiable Petri net–based process model.
A Multi‐cultural Science Education Model for Sustainability at the National University of Colombia, Medellin
Authors: Ramirez Jorge M. , Gupta Vijay K. , Mesa Oscar Jose , Poveda Germán , Saldarriaga Jaime , Gupta Indira B. , Arias Paola
Published: September 2017

Modern societies all over the World are facing numerous challenges of sustainability owing to a growing human footprint. A materialistic view of nature has resulted in unchecked consumption that has been propagated through Western colonization. Examples include, water and food shortages, global warming, soil degradation owing to chemical agriculture, deforestation, loss of species and biodiversity leading to the sixth massive extinction of biological species and possibility of a civilizational collapse. Incorporating our ancient and indigenous heritage into an educational programme requires a paradigm shift in the current education model. Here, we present results from a unique collaboration among scholars with great interest in ancient and indigenous culture to develop and to implement a multi‐cultural science education model of sustainability at the National University of Colombia, Medellin. Colombia has 87 different tribes comprising 3.4% of the country's population, which presents a unique opportunity for in situ model development and implementation. The proposed new education model can be shared as an illustrative example with other institutions in Colombia, and all over the world. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CRISPR/Cpf1 enables fast and simple genome editing of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Verwaal René , Buiting‐Wiessenhaan Nathalie , Dalhuijsen Sacha , Roubos Johannes A.
Published: September 2017

Cpf1 represents a novel single RNA‐guided CRISPR/Cas endonuclease system suitable for genome editing with distinct features compared with Cas9. We demonstrate the functionality of three Cpf1 orthologues – Acidaminococcus spp. BV3L6 (AsCpf1), Lachnospiraceae bacterium ND2006 (LbCpf1) and Francisella novicida U112 (FnCpf1) – for genome editing of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These Cpf1‐based systems enable fast and reliable introduction of donor DNA on the genome using a two‐plasmid‐based editing approach together with linear donor DNA. LbCpf1 and FnCpf1 displayed editing efficiencies comparable with the CRISPR/Cas9 system, whereas AsCpf1 editing efficiency was lower. Further characterization showed that AsCpf1 and LbCpf1 displayed a preference for their cognate crRNA, while FnCpf1‐mediated editing with similar efficiencies was observed using non‐cognate crRNAs of AsCpf1 and LbCpf1. In addition, multiplex genome editing using a single LbCpf1 crRNA array is shown to be functional in yeast. This work demonstrates that Cpf1 broadens the genome editing toolbox available for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. © 2017 The Authors. Yeast published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association Between Opioid Use and Risk of Erectile Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhao Shankun , Deng Tuo , Luo Lianmin , Wang Jiamin , Li Ermao , Liu Luhao , Li Futian , Luo Jintai , Zhao Zhigang
Published: September 2017

Background

Opioid analgesics have been widely used to relieve chronic pain conditions; however, a connection between opioid analgesic administration and increased susceptibility to erectile dysfunction (ED) has been hypothesized.

Aim

To evaluate whether opioid use was a risk factor for ED in a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

The PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were searched to identify eligible studies concerning opioid use and risk of ED from inception to April 2017. The association between opioid use and risk of ED was summarized using the relative risk with 95% CI. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess potential bias. The Begg and Egger tests were used for publication bias analysis. The GRADE evidence profile tool was used to assess the quality of the evidence.

Outcomes

The overall combined risk estimates for the effect of opioid use on ED were calculated using a random-effects model.

Results

This meta-analysis included 8,829 men (mean age = 41.6 years) from 10 studies, 2,456 of whom received opioid management (duration of intervention = 4 months to 9.5 years). Pooled results demonstrated that the use of opioids was significantly associated with an increased risk of ED (relative risk = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.66–2.32, P < .001). Estimates of the total effects were generally consistent in the sensitivity analysis. No evidence of publication bias was observed. The overall quality of evidence was rated as low.

Clinical Implications

We found that men with opioid use had a significantly increased prevalence of ED, which suggests that patients and clinicians should be aware of the potential role played by opioid administration in the development of ED.

Strengths and Limitations

This is the first meta-analysis performed to describe the relation between opioid use and ED risk based on all available epidemiologic studies. However, the direction of causality between opioid use and risk of ED should be interpreted with caution because most included studies used a cross-sectional design.

Conclusion

Evidence from the included observational studies indicated that men with opioid use had a significantly increased risk of ED. Further randomized controlled trials are still needed to confirm this relation.
Successive enlargement of filtrations and application to insider information
Authors: Blanchet-Scalliet Christophette , Hillairet Caroline , Jiao Ying
Published: September 2017

We model in a dynamic way an insider's private information flow which is successively augmented by a family of initial enlargement of filtrations. According to the a priori available information, we propose several density hypotheses which are presented in hierarchical order from the weakest to the strongest. We compare these hypotheses, in particular, with Jacod's one, and deduce conditional expectations under each of them by providing consistent expressions with respect to the common reference filtration. Finally, this framework is applied to a default model with insider information on the default threshold and some numerical illustrations are performed.
On a random search tree: asymptotic enumeration of vertices by distance from leaves
Authors: Bóna Miklós , Pittel Boris
Published: September 2017

A random binary search tree grown from the uniformly random permutation of [n] is studied. We analyze the exact and asymptotic counts of vertices by rank, the distance from the set of leaves. The asymptotic fraction ck of vertices of a fixed rank k ≥ 0 is shown to decay exponentially with k. We prove that the ranks of the uniformly random, fixed size sample of vertices are asymptotically independent, each having the distribution {ck}. Notoriously hard to compute, the exact fractions ck have been determined for k ≤ 3 only. We present a shortcut enabling us to compute c4 and c5 as well; both are ratios of enormous integers, the denominator of c5 being 274 digits long. Prompted by the data, we prove that, in sharp contrast, the largest prime divisor of the denominator of ck is at most 2k+1 + 1. We conjecture that, in fact, the prime divisors of every denominator for k > 1 form a single interval, from 2 to the largest prime not exceeding 2k+1 + 1.
AUTOMORPHISM GROUPS OF RANDOMIZED STRUCTURES
Authors: IBARLUCÍA TOMÁS
Published: September 2017

We study automorphism groups of randomizations of separable structures, with focus on the ℵ0-categorical case. We give a description of the automorphism group of the Borel randomization in terms of the group of the original structure. In the ℵ0-categorical context, this provides a new source of Roelcke precompact Polish groups, and we describe the associated Roelcke compactifications. This allows us also to recover and generalize preservation results of stable and NIP formulas previously established in the literature, via a Banach-theoretic translation. Finally, we study and classify the separable models of the theory of beautiful pairs of randomizations, showing in particular that this theory is never ℵ0-categorical (except in basic cases).
DEFINABLE TOPOLOGICAL DYNAMICS
Authors: KRUPIŃSKI KRZYSZTOF
Published: September 2017

For a groupGdefinable in a first order structureMwe develop basic topological dynamics in the category of definableG-flows. In particular, we give a description of the universal definableG-ambit and of the semigroup operation on it. We find a natural epimorphism from the Ellis group of this flow to the definable Bohr compactification ofG, that is to the quotient${G^{\rm{*}}}/G_M^{{\rm{*}}00}$(whereG* is the interpretation ofGin a monster model). More generally, we obtain these results locally, i.e., in the category of Δ-definableG-flows for any fixed set Δ of formulas of an appropriate form. In particular, we define local connected components$G_{{\rm{\Delta }},M}^{{\rm{*}}00}$and$G_{{\rm{\Delta }},M}^{{\rm{*}}000}$, and show that${G^{\rm{*}}}/G_{{\rm{\Delta }},M}^{{\rm{*}}00}$is the Δ-definable Bohr compactification ofG. We also note that some deeper arguments from [14] can be adapted to our context, showing for example that our epimorphism from the Ellis group to the Δ-definable Bohr compactification factors naturally yielding a continuous epimorphism from the Δ-definable generalized Bohr compactification to the Δ-definable Bohr compactification ofG. Finally, we propose to view certain topological-dynamic and model-theoretic invariants as Polish structures which leads to some observations and questions.
RETRACTED – MEASURING CLUB-SEQUENCES TOGETHER WITH THE CONTINUUM LARGE
Authors: ASPERÓ DAVID , MOTA MIGUEL ANGEL
Published: September 2017

Measuring says that for every sequence
${\left( {{C_\delta }} \right)_{\delta < {\omega _1}}}$
with each
${C_\delta }$
being a closed subset of δ there is a club
$C \subseteq {\omega _1}$
such that for every
$\delta \in C$
, a tail of
$C\mathop \cap \nolimits \delta$
is either contained in or disjoint from
${C_\delta }$
. We answer a question of Justin Moore by building a forcing extension satisfying measuring together with
${2^{{\aleph _0}}} > {\aleph _2}$
. The construction works over any model of ZFC + CH and can be described as a finite support forcing iteration with systems of countable structures as side conditions and with symmetry constraints imposed on its initial segments. One interesting feature of this iteration is that it adds dominating functions
$f:{\omega _1} \to {\omega _1}$
mod. countable at each stage.
Civilisations and harm: the politics of civilising processes between the West and the non-West
Authors: Chong Alan
Published: September 2017

Andrew Linklater’sViolence and Civilization in the Western States-Systemis to be both praised and critiqued for opening spaces for discussing civilisational standards in the era of a globalising world. It offers a healthy provocation for inquiry into how non-Western states ought to comprehend the legacies of Western political evolution colouring existing ‘IR’ as a discipline. Linklater’s book inspires three thematic reactions: globalisation does bring harm; the notion of a universal civilisation remains open to debate; and the possibilities of civilising patterns in premodern Southeast Asia serving as supplementary mirrors and extensions of the relationship between violence and civilisation. It is suggested that Linklater’s sequel must consider the trajectory of non-Western sociologies of IR.
CALL from an ecological perspective: How a teacher perceives affordance and fosters learner agency in a technology-mediated language classroom
Authors: Liu Qian , Chao Chin-Chi
Published: September 2017

The possibility of exploiting technology for more robust and meaningful learning and teaching has invoked messianic responses from the language education community. Yet to be explored are teachers’ pedagogical choices based on the perceived technological affordances as well as interactions between teacher and student agency mediated by these affordances in the ecology of a classroom. This qualitative case study adopts an ecological approach, aiming to address rather than factor out the broader social context in a physical classroom. With data collected from 30 hours of classroom observation and 10 post-observation interviews with the participant teacher, the study makes an attempt to show how the ecological model of language learning can provide a theoretical lens through which to explore teachers’ practices of CALL that aim to encourage learner agency. The analysis centers on three focused extracts that illustrate interaction between and among the affordance of technology, the teacher participant’s pedagogical considerations, and her goal of encouraging learner agency. The result of the study emphasizes the teacher’s role from an ecological perspective and classroom learner agency mediated by technology, which provides useful insight that can contribute to language teaching practice with technology in the classroom.
Towards an Ecological Perspective on Age–Performance Relations
Authors: Mata Rui , Hertwig Ralph
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The layperson’s view associates aging with biological and cognitive losses, which could be associated with decrements in work productivity and overall contributions to society. In turn, ecological approaches to life span development suggest that successful performance can result from an adaptive employment of an individual’s physical, cognitive, or social capital in the appropriate environment. This ecological framework suggests that one must understand the demands of particular ecologies (i.e., niches) to predict whether aging is associated with failure, maintenance, or even improvements in performance. We provide examples that illustrate the importance of an ecological approach to understanding adaptation to challenging decision tasks both in the laboratory and in the wild. Overall, we propose that there are specific strategies and niches that can help older adults thrive and that more work is needed to understand the exact characteristics that lead to good performance in old age.
Secondary acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a distinct clinical entity with prognostic significance
Authors: Rosenberg A S , Brunson A , Paulus J K , Tuscano J , Wun T , Keegan T H M , Jonas B A
Published: September 2017

The effect of prior malignancy on the risk of developing, and prognosis of, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is unknown. This observational study utilized the California Cancer Registry to estimate the risk of developing ALL after a prior malignancy using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs, 95% confidence intervals). ALL occurring after a malignancy with an SIR>1 (increased-risk (IR) malignancies) was considered secondary ALL (s-ALL). Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs, 95% confidence intervals) compared the effect of s-ALL with de novo ALL on overall survival. A total of 14 481 patients with ALL were identified (1988–2012) and 382 (3%) had a known prior malignancy. Any prior malignancy predisposed patients to developing ALL: SIR 1.62 (1.45–1.79). Hematologic malignancies (SIR 5.57, 4.38–6.98) and IR-solid tumors (SIR 2.11, 1.73–2.54) increased the risk of developing ALL. s-ALL increased the risk of death compared with de novo ALL (aHR 1.38 (1.16–1.63)) and this effect was more pronounced among younger patients (age<40 years: aHR 4.80 (3.15–7.30); age⩾40 years: aHR 1.40 (1.16–1.69)) (interaction P<0.001). This population-based study demonstrates that s-ALL is a distinct entity that occurs after specific malignancies and carries a poor prognosis compared with de novo ALL, particularly among patients <40 years of age.
Evidence for a primate origin of zoonotic Helicobacter suis colonizing domesticated pigs
Authors: Flahou Bram , Rossi Mirko , Bakker Jaco , Langermans Jan A M , Heuvelman Edwin , Solnick Jay V , Martin Miriam E , O’Rourke Jani , Ngoan Le Duc , Hoa Nguyen Xuan , Nakamura Masahiko , Øverby Anders , Matsui Hidenori , Ota Hiroyoshi , Matsumoto Takehisa , Foss Dennis L , Kopta Laurice A , Omotosho Oladipo , Franciosini Maria Pia , Casagrande Proietti Patrizia , Guo Aizhen , Liu Han , Borilova Gabriela , Bracarense Ana Paula , Lindén Sara K , De Bruyckere Sofie , Zhang Guangzhi , De Witte Chloë , Smet Annemieke , Pasmans Frank , Ducatelle Richard , Corander Jukka , Haesebrouck Freddy
Published: September 2017

Helicobacter suis is the second most prevalent Helicobacter species in the stomach of humans suffering from gastric disease. This bacterium mainly inhabits the stomach of domesticated pigs, in which it causes gastric disease, but it appears to be absent in wild boars. Interestingly, it also colonizes the stomach of asymptomatic rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys. The origin of modern human-, pig- or non-human primate-associated H. suis strains in these respective host populations was hitherto unknown. Here we show that H. suis in pigs possibly originates from non-human primates. Our data suggest that a host jump from macaques to pigs happened between 100 000 and 15 000 years ago and that pig domestication has had a significant impact on the spread of H. suis in the pig population, from where this pathogen occasionally infects humans. Thus, in contrast to our expectations, H. suis appears to have evolved in its main host in a completely different way than its close relative Helicobacter pylori in humans.
Wave propagation through disordered media without backscattering and intensity variations
Authors: Makris Konstantinos G , Brandstötter Andre , Ambichl Philipp , Musslimani Ziad H , Rotter Stefan
Published: September 2017

A fundamental manifestation of wave scattering in a disordered medium is the highly complex intensity pattern the waves acquire due to multi-path interference. Here we show that these intensity variations can be entirely suppressed by adding disorder-specific gain and loss components to the medium. The resulting constant-intensity waves in such non-Hermitian scattering landscapes are free of any backscattering and feature perfect transmission through the disorder. An experimental demonstration of these unique wave states is envisioned based on spatially modulated pump beams that can flexibly control the gain and loss components in an active medium.
Biocompatible and stable magnetosome minerals coated with poly-l-lysine, citric acid, oleic acid, and carboxy-methyl-dextran for application in the magnetic hyperthermia treatment of tumors
Authors: Mandawala Chalani , Chebbi Imène , Durand-Dubief Mickael , Le Fèvre Raphael , Hamdous Yasmina , Guyot François , Alphandéry Edouard
Published: September 2017

Magnetic hyperthermia in which magnetic nanoparticles are introduced into tumors and exposed to an alternating magnetic field, appears to be promising.
The role of dispersion type metal⋯π interaction in the enantiotropic phase transition of two polymorphs of tris-(thienyl)bismuthine
Authors: Preda A. M. , Schneider W. B. , Schaarschmidt D. , Lang H. , Mertens L. , Auer A. A. , Mehring M.
Published: September 2017

Bi(2-C4H3S)3 shows an enantiotropic phase transition that is dominated by London dispersion forces. DFT calculations on model compounds were carried out in order to investigate the competition between Bi⋯S and Bi⋯π heteroarene interaction.
Large n- and p-type thermoelectric power factors from doped semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube thin films
Authors: MacLeod Bradley A. , Stanton Noah J. , Gould Isaac E. , Wesenberg Devin , Ihly Rachelle , Owczarczyk Zbyslaw R. , Hurst Katherine E. , Fewox Christopher S. , Folmar Christopher N. , Holman Hughes Katherine , Zink Barry L. , Blackburn Jeffrey L. , Ferguson Andrew J.
Published: September 2017

Polymer-free semiconducting carbon nanotube networks demonstrate unprecedented equivalent n- and p-type thermoelectric performance.
Enhanced removal of roxarsone by Fe3O4@3D graphene nanocomposites: synergistic adsorption and mechanism
Authors: Tian Chen , Zhao Jian , Zhang Jing , Chu Shengqi , Dang Zhi , Lin Zhang , Xing Baoshan
Published: September 2017

Enhanced ROX adsorption by Fe3O4@RGO was achieved via the synergetic interactions of As–Fe coordination, hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking.
Correction: Synthesis and characterization of three pyrazolate inner diazonium salts: green, powerful and stable primary explosives
Authors: Du Yao , Zhang Jichuan , Peng Panpan , Su Hui , Li Shenghua , Pang Siping
Published: September 2017

Correction for ‘Synthesis and characterization of three pyrazolate inner diazonium salts: green, powerful and stable primary explosives’ by Yao Du et al., New J. Chem., 2017, 41, 9244–9249.
Hybrid magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with tunable field-directed self-assembly
Authors: Malik Vikash , Pal Antara , Pravaz Olivier , Crassous Jérôme J. , Granville Simon , Grobety Bernard , Hirt Ann M. , Dietsch Hervé , Schurtenberger Peter
Published: September 2017

We describe the synthesis of hybrid magnetic ellipsoidal nanoparticles that consist of a mixture of two different iron oxide phases, hematite (α-Fe2O3) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), and characterize their magnetic field-driven self-assembly.
Grafting well-defined CO2-responsive polymers to cellulose nanocrystals via nitroxide-mediated polymerisation: effect of graft density and molecular weight on dispersion behaviour
Authors: Glasing J. , Bouchard J. , Jessop P. G. , Champagne P. , Cunningham M. F.
Published: September 2017

Tertiary polyamines and polyamides were grafted to cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) via Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerisation to yield well-defined CNC, which were examined for their CO2-responsive dispersibility in water and oil.
Charge mobility enhancement for diketopyrrolopyrrole-based conjugated polymers by partial replacement of branching alkyl chains with linear ones
Authors: Ma Jing , Liu Zitong , Wang Zhijie , Yang Yizhou , Zhang Guanxin , Zhang Xisha , Zhang Deqing
Published: September 2017

Side-chain engineering of three new conjugated D–A terpolymers by varying the number of branching and linear alkyl chains is presented for OFET studies.
Construction of La-doped TiO2@La-doped ZnO–B-doped reduced graphene oxide ternary nanocomposites for improved visible light photocatalytic activity
Authors: Rostami Mojtaba
Published: September 2017

Schematic diagram of proposed photocatalysis and band-gap narrowing mechanism, photo-excited and accepted electrons, adsorption of MB, and e− and h+ transfer of La/TiO2@La/ZnO–B–RGO TNCs under sunlight irradiation.
Highly uniform hierarchical Zn2SnO4 microspheres for the construction of high performance dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Wang Xin , Wang Yu-Fen , Luo Qiu-Ping , Ren Jian-Hua , Li De-Jun , Li Xi-Fei
Published: September 2017

3D hierarchical Zn2SnO4 with different sizes are fabricated via a one-step hydrothermal method. And the DSSCS devices based on Zn2SnO4 microspheres photoanode are designed. The 1.20 μm Zn2SnO4 microspheres show the best power conversion efficiency.
Origin of the optical anisotropy and the electronic structure of Ru-based double perovskite oxides: DFT and XPS studies
Authors: Sakhya Anup Pradhan , Rai D. P. , Sheikh Md. Sariful , Mukherjee Manabendra , Dutta Alo , Sinha T. P.
Published: September 2017

Sm2LiRuO6 has a relatively large birefringence compared to Nd2LiRuO6 and Pr2LiRuO6, which is important for mid-infrared nonlinear applications.
Theoretical and experimental studies on the separation of cinnamyl acetate and cinnamaldehyde by adsorption onto a β-cyclodextrin polyurethane polymer
Authors: Liang Qinghua , Chai Kungang , Lu Ke , Xu Zhijun , Li Guoyu , Tong Zhangfa , Ji Hongbing
Published: September 2017

CAc and CA were separated using CDPU as adsorbent, and the mechanism was proposed through DFT calculations and experimental analyses.
Reverse microemulsion prepared Ni–Pt catalysts for methane cracking to produce COx-free hydrogen
Authors: Zhou Lu , Harb Moussab , Enakonda Linga Reddy , AlMana Noor , Hedhili Mohamed Nejib , Basset Jean Marie
Published: September 2017

A monodispersed 15 nm Ni9Pt1 catalyst synthesized via a reverse microemulsion method, shows a lower activation energy than both Ni and Pt catalysts during the methane cracking reaction.
A Cd-reduced hybrid buffer layer of CdS/Zn(O,S) for environmentally friendly CIGS solar cells
Authors: Rana Tanka Raj , Kim SeongYeon , Kim JunHo , Kim Kihwan , Yun Jae Ho
Published: September 2017

For the fabrication of high efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells, a Cd-reduced hybrid CdS/Zn(O,S) is used as the buffer layer.
Production of water-dispersible reduced graphene oxide without stabilizers using liquid-phase photoreduction
Authors: Hatakeyama Kazuto , Awaya Keisuke , Koinuma Michio , Shimizu Yoshiki , Hakuta Yukiya , Matsumoto Yasumichi
Published: September 2017

We successfully produced water-dispersible and defect-free reduced graphene oxide by simple pH tuning liquid-phase photoreduction.
Experimental and theoretical studies on the morphogenesis of bacterial biofilms
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Li Bo , Tang Jing-Ying , Wang Xiao-Ling , Qin Zhao , Feng Xi-Qiao
Published: September 2017

Mechanics and geometry play a significant role in sculpturing bacterial biofilms within the morphogenetic context.
Bioinspired hierarchical copper oxide surfaces for rapid dropwise condensation
Authors: Wang Shufen , Liu Minsu , Feng Yuan , Bu Yanru , Huynh So Hung , Ng Tuck Wah , Gu Feng , Yu Aibing , Jiang Xuchuan
Published: September 2017

Patterned copper oxide (CuO) microprotrusions have been developed by combining facile wet-chemical oxidation, photolithography and e-beam evaporation processes.
Active sites and factors influencing them for efficient oxygen reduction reaction in metal-N coordinated pyrolyzed and non-pyrolyzed catalysts: a review
Authors: Singh Kiranpal , Razmjooei Fatemeh , Yu Jong-Sung
Published: September 2017

This review outlines the fundamentals of active sites in biomimetic oxidase and M–N/C catalysts, responsible for carrying out oxygen reduction reaction at a very high TOF.
Nanostructured anode materials for lithium-ion batteries: principle, recent progress and future perspectives
Authors: Qi Wen , Shapter Joseph G. , Wu Qian , Yin Ting , Gao Guo , Cui Daxiang
Published: September 2017

Recent progress in nanostructured carbon, alloys, transition metal oxides and silicon as anode materials for LIBs has been reviewed.
Hollow cubic double layer structured Cu7S4/NiS nanocomposites for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Cao Hongliang , Wang Xiang , Chen Xin , Liu Haiyang , Zheng Junsheng , Zhou Wangfan
Published: September 2017

Cu7S4/NiS nano-complex materials with double layer hollow structures synthesized by a self-generated sacrificial template method show excellent performances for supercapacitors.
Fabrication of photo-electrochemical biosensors for ultrasensitive screening of mono-bioactive molecules: the effect of geometrical structures and crystal surfaces
Authors: Akhtar Naeem , Emran Mohammed Y. , Shenashen Mohamed A. , Khalifa Hesham , Osaka Tetsuya , Faheem Ahmed , Homma Takayuki , Kawarada Hiroshi , El-Safty Sherif A.
Published: September 2017

The controlled design of hierarchical CN-ST flowers is a key feature for creating biosensor surface electrodes for photo-electrochemical, ultrasensitive screening of mono-bioactive molecules.