bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exercise of a party's rights to active participation in administrative proceedings. Selected issues in the context of self-government boards of appeals rulings
Authors: Smoleń Paweł , Świstak Marzena
Published: October 2024

Self-Government Boards of Appeals (SBoAs) act, within their statutory competence, as bodies of higher instance, within the meaning of the Code of Administrative Procedure and the Tax Ordinance Act, in individual public administration matters falling within the jurisdiction of local governments, unless specific provisions of law provide otherwise. In view of this, inevitably, their adjudicatory practice relies, among other things, on the direct application of general principles articulated in the Code of Administrative Procedure and the Tax Ordinance Act, especially in terms of ensuring active participation of the parties in the appeal proceedings. Given the specificity of the court operating as a quasi-judicial body, the article analyses the interplay between the general principles related to active participation of the parties to proceedings and outlines difficulties (and challenges) related to the issues discussed. The study was conducted by employing the formal and dogmatic method, as well as auxiliary legal-historical method, with a view to presenting the normative context of the adopted legal solutions. Moreover, the conduced analysis of court and tribunal jurisprudence allowed inclusion of the practical aspects of the general principles in question and their application.
Ageism and Social Media Expertise: Implications for Intergenerational Dynamics in Advertising Creativity
Authors: Barker Richie , Brodmerkel Sven
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Intergenerational tensions in the creative departments of advertising agencies have long been a topic of interest. Recently, the emergence of social media proficiency as a symbol of youthfulness has intensified these tensions, creating contested expertise within workplaces. The article explores how this particular marker of ageism influences the creative processes and identity formation of practitioners who are older than the average age of industry workers. Drawing from in-depth interviews with twenty-one creatives (copywriters, art directors, and creative directors), this qualitative study reveals that, in response to feeling sidelined based on perceptions that they lack social media expertise, "older" creatives reaffirm their strategic experience yet resist challenging claims they are "out of touch" with online cultures. We argue that the valorisation of younger practitioners' social media savviness is contributing to the transformation of advertising creativity while placing additional pressure on practitioners to leave the industry while in their thirties. Furthermore, the article identifies broader concerns regarding ageism in society, which advertising content can exacerbate when creatives rely on flawed stereotypes to shape knowledge of audiences or cultural representations.
DEI and Marketing Strategy at Mastercard: An Interview with Nicola Grant
Authors: Bonaparte Yvette Lynne , Grant Nicola
Published: October 2024

Abstract: This article provides an overview of how Mastercard lives out its commitment to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) through strategic marketing efforts that prioritize the company's core values, and it presents examples of the company's ability and willingness to offer innovative product solutions that address the needs of specific market segments that are often overlooked or underserved. The article also highlights the importance of external partnerships to enhance both market understanding and to support the successful execution of marketing strategy.
Roundtable on the Challenges of Doing Intersectional Work in Advertising
Authors: Rosa-Salas Marcel , Sobande Francesca , Steinfield Laurel , Thomas Kevin D. , Timke Edward
Published: October 2024

Abstract: This roundtable brings together advertising, business, and communication experts who unpack the complexities of conducting intersectional work within the advertising industry. The discussion highlights the challenges of addressing power dynamics, privilege, and systemic oppression while striving for authentic representation in marketing practices. The participants explore how intersectionality, as initially theorized by Black feminists and activists and coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw, has been misapplied in the corporate world, often reduced to a tool for market segmentation rather than a framework for addressing structural inequalities. Through critical reflections on the industry's current practices, the roundtable emphasizes the need for a deeper understanding and application of intersectionality that transcends surface-level diversity initiatives. The conversation also underscores the importance of context, both in academic and practical settings, and calls for ongoing dialogue and critical examination of how intersectionality is integrated into advertising and branding strategies.
The Dirty Work of Empire: Imperialist Deep Time in Poe’s “A Tale of the Ragged Mountains”
Authors: Roy Shaibal Dev
Published: October 2024

Abstract: This essay studies Poe’s story “A Tale of the Ragged Mountains” (1844), which depicts “Bedloe,” a man from a past imperial struggle in India participating in a present imperial struggle in the United States through a time-lapse narrative. I argue that Poe, here, prefigures the “white man’s burden” critique of empire—the view that empire most harms the white men who are its instruments. In making this claim, Poe both reifies the racial category of whiteness and advances a critique of US expansionist politics. Thus, I read Poe’s story as a critique of empire and a defense of imperial instruments.
Pump-free SERS microfluidic chip based on an identification-competition strategy for ultrasensitive and efficient simultaneous detection of liver cancer-related microRNAs
Authors: Zhou Ruoyu , Bai Guangfu , Zhu Dongxu , Xu Qiong , Zhang Xudong , Li Tianran , Qian Yayun , Bu Chiwen
Published: October 2024

In this study, we present a pump-free SERS microfluidic chip capable of detecting liver cancer-related miR-21 and miR-155 concurrently with ultra-sensitivity and high efficiency. We employed a Fe3O4@cDNA-AuNPs@Raman reporter@H composite structure and a recognition competition strategy. When the target miRNAs (miR-21 and miR-155) are present in the test liquid, they specifically compete with the nucleic acid complementary strand(H) of Fe3O4@cDNA-AuNPs@Raman reporter@H, causing AuNPs to competitively detach from the surface of Fe3O4, resulting in a decrease in the SERS signal. Consequently, this pump-free SERS microfluidic chip enables the detection of the target miRNAs more rapidly and accurately in complex environments. This method offers an approach for the simultaneous and efficient detection of miRNAs and holds promising applications in the early diagnosis of liver cancer.
3D coherent single shot lidar imaging beyond coherence length
Authors: Atalar Ataberk , Margison Christian Joseph , Bayer Mustafa Mert , Li Xun , Boyraz Ozan Berk , Boyraz Ozdal
Published: October 2024

Advancements in remote sensing and autonomous vehicle technologies made lidars equally important for unmanned objects alongside cameras. Therefore, precise 3D lidar imaging and point cloud generation have become important subjects. Although existing coherent lidar technologies provide precise imaging results, the spectral linewidth of the laser sources becomes a key limitation over long distances as it defines the maximum detection range. Here, we present long-distance 3D lidar imaging which removes the coherence length limitations and therefore the necessity of high-coherence laser sources. Mainly, we generate optical sidebands, by modulating a continuous wave (CW) laser source with multiple radio-frequency (RF) tones. Then, using our own post-processing and triangulation methods, we use the relative phase changes between the sidebands which are free from laser phase noise to determine the target distance. We prove that the multi-tone coherent Lidar technique can perform precise 3D imaging and point cloud generation of various targets at sub-10pW optical power reception and distances up to ∼12× beyond the coherence length of the CW laser employed in the lidar architecture. Overall, it is demonstrated that coherence length restriction is removed by the suggested method, which makes precise long-distance 3D lidar imaging possible, particularly for applications such as spacecraft and aerial coherent lidars.
Adaptive-modulated fast fluctuation super-resolution microscopy
Authors: Liu Zhijia , Yao Longfang , Zhang Li , Hou Duantao , Fei Yiyan , Mi Lan , Wang Baoju , Ma Jiong
Published: October 2024

Fluorescence microscopy has significantly advanced biological imaging at the nanoscale, particularly with the advent of super-resolution microscopy (SRM), which transcends the Abbe diffraction limit. Most cutting-edge SR methods require high-precision optical setups, which constrain the widespread adoption of SRM. Fluorescence fluctuation-based SRM (FF-SRM) can break the diffraction limit without complex optical components, making it particularly well-suited for biological imaging. However, conventional FF-SRM methods, such as super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI), still require specific fluorescent molecular blinking properties. Instead of enhancing the intrinsic blinking characteristics by finding specific fluorescent markers, employing optical methods such as spatial light modulation to adjust the excitation light field allows for easier and more flexible matching of the on-time ratio with the analysis of temporal stochastic intensity fluctuations. Nevertheless, the specific parameters of the modulation patterns have not been thoroughly explored, despite their crucial influence on the reconstruction quality. Herein, we propose adaptive-modulated fast fluctuation super-resolution microscopy. Our method demonstrates theoretically and experimentally that restricting the size of modulation units in a certain range ensures better image quality with fewer artifacts and signal losses. We find it still significantly effective when applied to other FF-SRM. Overall, the further development of the adaptive modulation technique has made it more stable in behavior and maintained high-quality imaging, presenting broader prospects for super resolution imaging based on statistical analysis.
Self mode-locking and passive mode-locking in monolithic two-section InGaAsP/InP quantum well laser diode
Authors: Kleemann Navina , Gjoni Rejdi , Surkamp Nils , Brenner Carsten , Scherer Philipp , van Delden Marcel , Kolpatzeck Kevin , Cherniak Vladyslav , Balzer Jan C. , Moehrle Martin , Hofmann Martin R.
Published: October 2024

We analyze different mode-locking regimes of a monolithic two-section InGaAsP/InP quantum well mode-locked laser. By varying the electrical operation conditions, we investigate and compare the transition from self mode-locking via four wave mixing to passive mode-locking. The results indicate that self mode-locking predominates, resulting in pulse durations as short as 330 fs, accompanied by a narrow linewidth frequency comb. In contrast, passive mode-locking does not provide sub-ps pulses and delivers significantly broadened comb lines.
Highly sensitive photonic spin Hall effect sensor with graphene-coated surface exciton polariton structure
Authors: Yang Weifang , Zhang Wentao , Xu Yi
Published: October 2024

The photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) in a graphene-coated surface exciton polariton (SEP) structure is investigated in this work. The transverse shift of 32.95λ0 (17.53 μm) is achieved with the optimum graphene-coated SEP structure in the gaseous environment under λ0 = 532 nm illumination, which provides a 2.46-fold improvement compared to the optimum conventional SEP structure. The transverse shift is further improved to 76.39λ0 (i.e., 40.64 μm) with the graphene-coated long-range SEP (LRSEP) in the aqueous environment. Refractive index sensors based on the enhanced PSHE are proposed for sensing applications in the gaseous and aqueous environment, respectively, which possess the bulk refractive index sensitivities of 24424.4λ0 (12993.78 µm) 1/RIU (RIU: refractive index unit) and 57336.6λ0 (30503.1 µm) 1/RIU. The combination of SEP (LRSEP) and graphene layers provides a promising approach for enhancing the transverse shift of PSHE, and may find potential applications in gas sensing, chemical sensing, and biosensing base on the enhanced PSHE.
112° field of view high-resolution swept-source OCT angiography for rat retinas
Authors: Liang Guangru B. , Ni Shuibin , Hormel Tristan T. , Morrison John C. , Lozano Diana C. , Jian Yifan , Campbell J. Peter , Jia Yali
Published: October 2024

This study introduces an ultra-wide field (UWF) and high-resolution swept-source optical coherence tomographic angiography (OCTA) system for rat retinal imaging. Using an asymmetrical optics design, the system achieves unprecedented details of retinal structures and vascular plexuses over a large field of view (112°) in a single-shot acquisition. Views of single-nerve fiber bundles and single capillary vessels are consistently visible over a 112° field of view. The system has a long imaging range and high penetration and allows a full view of vitreous hyaloid vessels, retina, choroid, sclera, and posterior ciliary arteries, down to sub-sclera connective tissues. In a longitudinal study of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) in rats, the system successfully revealed the progression and regression of OIR-related vascular pathologies, such as ischemia, neovascularization, and tortuosity. To our knowledge, this novel UWF-OCT/OCTA prototype designed for rat retinal imaging will be a vital tool for monitoring disease progression and evaluating therapeutic interventions in preclinical models.
Integrated chirped photonic-crystal cavities in gallium phosphide for broadband soliton generation
Authors: Nardi Alberto , Davydova Alisa , Kuznetsov Nikolai , Anderson Miles H. , Möhl Charles , Riemensberger Johann , Kippenberg Tobias J. , Seidler Paul
Published: October 2024

Chirped mirrors have underpinned advances in ultra-fast lasers based on bulk optics but have yet to be fully exploited in integrated photonics, where they could provide a means to engineer otherwise unattainable dispersion profiles for a range of nonlinear optical applications, including soliton frequency comb generation. The vast majority of integrated resonators for frequency combs make use of microring geometries, in which only waveguide width and height are varied to engineer dispersion. Here, we present an integrated photonic-crystal Fabry–Pérot resonator made of gallium phosphide (GaP), a material exhibiting a Kerr nonlinearity 200 times larger than that of silicon nitride and a high refractive index that permits the creation of strongly chirped photonic-crystal mirrors. Leveraging the additional degrees of freedom provided by integrated chirped mirrors, we disentangle optical losses from dispersion. We obtain an overall dispersion that is more anomalous than that achievable in both silicon nitride and gallium phosphide ring resonators with the same free-spectral range (FSR), while simultaneously obtaining higher quality factors than those of GaP ring resonators. With subharmonic pulsed pumping at an average power of 23.6 mW, we are able to access stable dissipative Kerr frequency combs in a device with a FSR of 55.9 GHz. We demonstrate soliton formation with a 3-dB bandwidth of 3.0 THz, corresponding to a pulse duration of 60 fs. This approach to cavity design based on photonic-crystal reflectors offers nearly arbitrary dispersion engineering over the optical transparency window of the nonlinear material.
Universal quantum frequency comb measurements by spectral mode-matching
Authors: Dioum Bakhao , D’Auria Virginia , Zavatta Alessandro , Pfister Olivier , Patera Giuseppe
Published: October 2024

The frequency comb of a multimode interferometer offers exceptional scalability potential for field-encoded quantum information. However, the staple field detection method, homodyne detection, cannot access quantum information in the whole comb because some spectral quadratures [and their asymmetries with respect to the local oscillator (LO)] are out of reach. We present here the first general approach to making optimal measurements of a multimode quantum optical source—something that is required for photonic quantum computing and is not possible when using homodyne detection with a pulse-shaped LO. This approach uses universal spectral mode-matching, which can be understood as interferometry with a memory effect. We derive a complete formalism and propose an implementation by microcavity arrays.
Gene signatures for cancer research: A 25-year retrospective and future avenues
Authors: Liu Wei , He Huaqin , Chicco Davide
Published: October 2024

Over the past two decades, extensive studies, particularly in cancer analysis through large datasets like The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), have aimed at improving patient therapies and precision medicine. However, limited overlap and inconsistencies among gene signatures across different cohorts pose challenges. The dynamic nature of the transcriptome, encompassing diverse RNA species and functional complexities at gene and isoform levels, introduces intricacies, and current gene signatures face reproducibility issues due to the unique transcriptomic landscape of each patient. In this context, discrepancies arising from diverse sequencing technologies, data analysis algorithms, and software tools further hinder consistency. While careful experimental design, analytical strategies, and standardized protocols could enhance reproducibility, future prospects lie in multiomics data integration, machine learning techniques, open science practices, and collaborative efforts. Standardized metrics, quality control measures, and advancements in single-cell RNA-seq will contribute to unbiased gene signature identification. In this perspective article, we outline some thoughts and insights addressing challenges, standardized practices, and advanced methodologies enhancing the reliability of gene signatures in disease transcriptomic research.
Using interpretable machine learning to predict bloodstream infection and antimicrobial resistance in patients admitted to ICU: Early alert predictors based on EHR data to guide antimicrobial stewardship
Authors: Ferrari Davide , Arina Pietro , Edgeworth Jonathan , Curcin Vasa , Guidetti Veronica , Mandreoli Federica , Wang Yanzhong
Published: October 2024

Nosocomial infections and Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) stand as formidable healthcare challenges on a global scale. To address these issues, various infection control protocols and personalized treatment strategies, guided by laboratory tests, aim to detect bloodstream infections (BSI) and assess the potential for AMR. In this study, we introduce a machine learning (ML) approach based on Multi-Objective Symbolic Regression (MOSR), an evolutionary approach to create ML models in the form of readable mathematical equations in a multi-objective way to overcome the limitation of standard single-objective approaches. This method leverages readily available clinical data collected upon admission to intensive care units, with the goal of predicting the presence of BSI and AMR. We further assess its performance by comparing it to established ML algorithms using both naturally imbalanced real-world data and data that has been balanced through oversampling techniques. Our findings reveal that traditional ML models exhibit subpar performance across all training scenarios. In contrast, MOSR, specifically configured to minimize false negatives by optimizing also for the F1-Score, outperforms other ML algorithms and consistently delivers reliable results, irrespective of the training set balance with F1-Score.22 and.28 higher than any other alternative. This research signifies a promising path forward in enhancing Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) strategies. Notably, the MOSR approach can be readily implemented on a large scale, offering a new ML tool to find solutions to these critical healthcare issues affected by limited data availability.
Cross border population movements across three East African states: Implications for disease surveillance and response
Authors: King Patrick , Wanyana Mercy Wendy , Mayinja Harriet , Nakafeero Simbwa Brenda , Zalwango Marie Gorreti , Owens Kobusinge Joyce , Migisha Richard , Kadobera Daniel , Kwesiga Benon , Bulage Lilian , Gonahasa Doreen , Ahabwe Babigumira Peter , Nchoko Serah , Salat Edna , Waithaka Freshia , Gunya Oscar , Odhiambo Fredrick , Mutabazi Vincent , Habimana Metuschelah , Twagirimana Gabriel , Ndabarinze Ezechiel , Manishimwe Alexis , Itiakorit Harriet , Kadivani Samuel , Seib Katy , Whitney Ellen , Ario Alex Riolexus
Published: October 2024

The frequent population movement across the five East African Countries poses risk of disease spread in the region. A clear understanding of population movement patterns is critical for informing cross-border disease control interventions. We assessed population mobility patterns across the borders of the East African states of Kenya, Uganda, and Rwanda. In November 2022, we conducted Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), and participatory mapping. Participants were selected using purposive sampling and a topic guide used during interviews. Key informants included border districts (Uganda and Rwanda) and county health officials (Kenya). FGD participants were identified from border communities and travellers and these included truck drivers, commercial motorcyclists, and businesspersons. During KIIs and FGDs, we conducted participatory mapping using Population Connectivity Across Borders toolkits. Data were analysed using thematic analysis approach using Atlas ti 7 software. Different age groups travelled across borders for various reasons. Younger age groups travelled across the border for education, trade, social reasons, employment opportunities, agriculture and mining. While older age groups mainly travelled for healthcare and social reasons. Other common reasons for crossing the borders included religious and cultural matters. Respondents reported seasonal variations in the volume of travellers. Respondents reported using both official (4 Kenya-Uganda, 5 Rwanda-Uganda borders) and unofficial Points of Entry (PoEs) (14 Kenya-Uganda, 20 Uganda-Rwanda) for exit and entry movements on borders. Unofficial PoEs were preferred because they had fewer restrictions like the absence of health screening, and immigration and customs checks. Key destination points (points of interest) included: markets, health facilities, places of worship, education institutions, recreational facilities and business towns. Twenty-eight health facilities (10- Lwakhakha, Uganda, 10- Lwakhakha, Kenya, and 8- Cyanika, Uganda) along the borders were the most commonly visited by the travellers and border communities. Complex population movement and connectivity patterns were identified along the borders. These were used to guide cross-border disease surveillance and other border health strategies in the three countries. Findings were used to revise district response and preparedness plans by strengthening community-based surveillance in border communities.
Strengthening regulation for medical products in Tanzania: An assessment of regulatory capacity development, 1978–2020
Authors: Fimbo Adam M. , Sillo Hiiti B. , Nkayamba Alex , Kisoma Sunday , Mwalwisi Yonah Hebron , Idris Rafiu , Asiimwe Sarah , Githendu Patrick , Ogbuoji Osondu , Morrison Linden , Bump Jesse B. , Kaale Eliangiringa
Published: October 2024

Improving medicines regulation can lead to better population health, but how this process works in low- and middle-income countries remains underexplored. Tanzania’s pharmaceutical sector is often cited as a successful example of a well-functioning regulatory system in a developing country, attributed to the work of the Tanzania Food and Drugs Authority (TFDA), now the Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority (TMDA). This raises the question: how was this regulatory capacity developed, and what lessons can other countries learn from Tanzania’s experience? This paper analyzes changes in Tanzania’s pharmaceutical regulation over three periods of significant sectoral reform. A desk review was conducted of Tanzania’s policies, laws, regulations, guidelines, procedures, and institutional reports. The study reveals that Tanzania’s regulatory capacity improved significantly through targeted reforms that addressed challenges in key regulatory areas. The three key periods examined are: 1) The separation of medicines regulation from food safety (1978–2003), 2) The expansion of regulatory domains and the establishment of a semi-autonomous regulatory agency (2003–2011), and 3) The expanded role of the Pharmacy Council to include premises regulation (2011–2020). The development of a well-functioning regulatory system in Tanzania resulted from advancements in four key areas: 1) The evolution of a legal regulatory framework, 2) Strong stakeholder engagement, 3) Continuous capacity building, and 4) Effective organizational leadership. Tanzania’s regulatory system has evolved from being relatively ineffective to leading regional harmonization efforts in East Africa. This progress was not linear, requiring sustained effort, collaboration, and support from key development partners such as the Global Fund, WHO, and UNDP. Future efforts to enhance regulatory effectiveness should focus on creating adaptive systems that respond to changing needs, rather than solely prescriptive functions.
Can big data reduce urban environmental pollution? Evidence from China’s digital technology experimental zone
Authors: Zhang Jiahao , Liang Fusheng , Gao Peng
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates the impact of the digital economy on urban environmental pollution by analyzing panel data from 283 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2019 and using the digital technology comprehensive pilot zone of China as a natural experiment. The results demonstrate that digital technology has a significant effect in reducing pollutant emissions and empowering urban environmental governance. The findings are proven to be robust based on various tests, including parallel trend, PSM-DID, and placebo tests. Our analysis further shows that digital technology is particularly effective in controlling pollution in old industrial areas, high digital areas, and low energy efficiency areas. We also find that the national digital technology integrated pilot zone can mitigate environmental pollution in prefecture-level cities by increasing public environmental awareness and encouraging green technology innovation. Moreover, our research indicates that digital technology-enabled urban pollution control can contribute to the formation of a new urbanization pattern in China. These findings provide valuable insights for promoting the digital economy and achieving the goal of carbon reduction in China.
Maternal total sleep deprivation causes oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in oocytes associated with fertility decline in mice
Authors: Yi Zi-Yun , Liang Qiu-Xia , Zhou Qian , Yang Lin , Meng Qing-Ren , Li Jian , Lin Yi-hua , Cao Yan-pei , Zhang Chun-Hui , Schatten Heide , Qiao Jie , Sun Qing-Yuan
Published: October 2024

Previous studies have shown sleep deprivation is increasingly reported as one of the causes of female infertility. However, how and by what relevant mechanisms it affects female fertility remains unclear. In this study, female mice underwent 72 hours of total sleep deprivation (TSD) caused by rotating wheel or 2 different controls: a stationary wheel, or forced movement at night. Even though, there was no significant difference in the number of eggs ovulated by the TSD mice compared to the control groups. Overall levels of estrogen and FSH were lower throughout the estrus cycle. A total of 42 genes showed significant differential expression in GV oocytes after TSD by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). These included genes were enriched in gene ontology terms of mitochondrial protein complex, oxidoreductase activity, cell division, cell cycle G1/S phase transition, as well as others. The increased concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in germinal vesicle (GV) and metaphase II (MII) oocytes from TSD mice were observed, which might be induced by impaired mitochondrial function caused by TSD. The GV oocytes displayed increased mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and a significant transient increase in inner mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) from the TSD mice probably due to compensatory effect. In contrast, MII oocytes in the TSD group showed a decrease in the mtDNA copy number and a lower Δψm compared with the controls. Furthermore, abnormal distribution of mitochondria in the GV and MII oocytes was also observed in TSD mice, suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, abnormal spindle and abnormal arrangement of chromosomes in MII oocytes were markedly increased in the TSD mice compared with the control mice. In conclusion, our results suggest that TSD significantly alters the oocyte transcriptome, contributing to oxidative stress and disrupted mitochondrial function, which then resulted in oocyte defects and impaired early embryo development in female mice.
A comparative study on the physical fitness of college students from different grades and majors in Jiangxi province
Authors: Sun Jianzhong , Lin Chan , Wang Lei , Bi Cunjian , Qiao Bin
Published: October 2024

Objective

Research to date has not provided a clear understanding of how different grades and majors affect the physical fitness of college students. It is postulated that there are significant disparities in physical health among college students of different grades and majors. The purpose of this study was to evidence these health disparities and to engage in an extensive analysis and discussion thereof.

Methods

A sample of 8,772 (2,404 boys and 6,368 girls) Chinese college students from freshman to junior years, aged 17–22, including 12 different majors in four colleges, were recruited in Jiangxi Province. All seven physical fitness indicators (body mass index (BMI), forced vital capacity, 50-m dash, standing long jump, sit and reach, upper body muscle strength, and endurance runs) were conducted for all participants. One-way ANOVA and LSD tests were conducted to compare the physical fitness scores of different grades in the same major. Independent sample t-tests were utilized to compare the differences in every physical fitness indicator for different majors. Pearson’s correlations among 12 majors for every grade were conducted to study the significant corrections between the two physical fitness indicators. The body mass index (BMI) and physical fitness indicator (PFI) for college students of different grade were investigated using a nonlinear regression model.

Results

The current state of physical fitness among college students is concerning, as the majority of students were barely passing (with a passing rate of 75.3%). Specifically, junior students exhibited lower scores than freshman and sophomore students across all 12 majors. From freshman to junior year, majors of music (78.01±4.58), English (79.29±5.03), and education (76.26±4.81) had the highest scores, respectively, but major art consistently scored the lowest, which were 73.85±6.02, 74.97±5.53, and 72.59±4.84, respectively. Pairwise comparisons revealed more significant differences in individual physical fitness indicators among the three grades in humanities than in sciences. Pearson’s correlations showed significant correlations among seven physical fitness indicators in all three grades. PFI had a parabolic trend with BMI both for boy and girl college students in Jiangxi province.

Conclusion

The physical fitness indicators of college students in Jiangxi province significantly differed in grades and majors, showing undesirable phenomena. The physical fitness of senior and humanities major college students was much weaker and needs sufficient attention. The relationship between BMI and PFI presented an inverted “U”-shaped change characteristic. Continued nationwide interventions are needed to promote physical activity and other healthy lifestyle behaviors in China.
Determinants of stunting among adolescent girls in schools of Digo Tsion Town, Northwest Ethiopia: Unmatched case control study
Authors: Emrie Ambaw Abebaw , Tesfa Getasew , Ayalew Yeneneh , Kebie Adugnaw Bantie , Terefe Tamene Fetene , Mewahegn Agerie Aynalem , Chekole Bogale , GebreEyesus Fisha Alebel , Abza Legese Fekede , Nega Selamsew Kindie
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Stunting is a height-for-age (Z-score) less than minus two standard deviations below the mean of reference standard. It is the most important sign of long-term chronic undernutrition and public health problem in Ethiopia. However, little information was known regarding determinants of stunting among adolescents since it had mostly been investigated in late infancy, especially among children under the age of five. Therefore, identifying determinants of stunting among adolescent girl is still crucial.

Objective

To identify determinants of stunting among adolescent girls in schools of Digo Tsion Town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022.

Methods and materials

Case-control study was conducted among 417 adolescent girls (104 cases and 313 controls) in schools of Digo Tsion Town with computer generated simple random sampling technique. World Health Organization Anthroplus 2007 software was used for analyzing anthropometrics data. Data was collected by epicollect5 mobile application through interview by using structured questionnaire. The data was entered in epi data 4.6 and exported into Statistical Package for Social Science version 26. Variables with p- value ≤ 0.25 in bivariable analysis were candidate for multivariable analysis. Model fitness was checked by Hosmer and Lemon Show fitness of test. Variables having a P-value < 0.05 in multivariable analysis were declared as statistically significant at 95% Cl. The result was presented by statement, figures, and tables.

Results

A total of 409 (100 cases and 309 controls) adolescent girls participated, with a response rate of 96% for cases and 98.72% for controls. Food insecurity (AOR = 2.13, CI [1.15, 3.93]), low dietary diversity score (AOR = 1.99, CI [1.06, 3.73]), drinking coffee/tea immediately while eating meals (AOR = 2.19, CI [1.22, 3.95]), not getting nutritional counsel (AOR = 2.07, CI [1.17, 3.66]), chronic illness (AOR = 3.78, CI [1.16, 12.3]), and not visited by health extension workers at home (AOR = 1.85, CI [1.03, 3.31]) were statistically significant determinants of stunting.

Conclusion

Stunting among adolescents is influenced by a low dietary diversity score, a food-insecure household, drinking coffee or tea immediately while eating a meal, not receiving nutritional counseling, having a chronic illness, and not being visited by health extension workers at home. Future researchers would do better to undertake prospective studies. Health extension workers are better able to provide nutritional counsel for adolescent.
MiR-27a inhibits the growth and metastasis of multiple myeloma through regulating Th17/Treg balance
Authors: Lu Weiguo , Huang Hui , Xu Zhanjie , Xu Shumin , Zhao Kewei , Xiao Mingfeng
Published: October 2024

Background

The imbalance between T helper 17 (Th17) and T regulatory (Treg) cells plays a key role in the progression of multiple myeloma (MM).

Methods

The gene expression profiles of MM were acquired and examined from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE72213). Our research involved experimental investigations conducted using the MOPC-MM mouse model. Dysregulation of Treg and Th17 cells was evaluated through flow cytometry, while the levels of inflammatory factors were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell proliferation was gauged using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and cell apoptosis was quantified via flow cytometry. Cell metastasis capabilities were determined by conducting transwell assays. To confirm the relationship between miR-27a and PI3K, a dual-luciferase reporter assay was employed. Finally, proteins associated with the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway were assessed using western blotting.

Results

MiR-27a exhibited reduced expression levels in MM. Moreover, it exerted control over the equilibrium of Th17 and Treg cells while reducing the expression of inflammatory mediators such as TGF-β1 and IL-10 in an in vivo setting. Elevated miR-27a levels led to the inhibition of cell viability, colony formation capacity, migratory and invasive traits in an in vitro context. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was identified as a direct target of miR-27a and could reverse the effects induced by miR-27a in MM cells. Notably, PI3K was directly targeted by miR-27a.

Conclusions

Our study revealed that miR-27a inhibited MM evolution by regulating the Th17/Treg balance. Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway by miR-27a may play a potential mechanistic role.
Optimizing prediction accuracy in dynamic systems through neural network integration with Kalman and alpha-beta filters
Authors: Khan Junaid , Zaman Umar , Lee Eunkyu , Balobaid Awatef Salim , Aburasain R. Y. , Bilal Muhammad , Kim Kyungsup
Published: October 2024

In the realm of dynamic system analysis, the Kalman filter and the alpha-beta filter are widely recognized for their tracking and prediction capabilities. However, their performance is often limited by static parameters that cannot adapt to changing conditions. Addressing this limitation, this paper introduces innovative neural network-based prediction models that enhance the adaptability and accuracy of these conventional filters. Our approach involves the integration of neural networks within the filtering algorithms, enabling the dynamic augmentation of parameters in response to performance feedback. We present two modified filters: a neural network-based Kalman filter and an alpha-beta filter, each augmented to incorporate neural network-driven parameter tuning. The alpha-beta filter is enhanced with neural network outputs for its α and β parameters, while the Kalman filter employs a neural network to optimize its internal parameter R and noise factor F. We assess these advanced models using the root mean square error (RMSE) metric, where our neural network-based alpha-beta filter demonstrates a significant 38.2% improvement in prediction accuracy, and the neural network-based Kalman filter achieves a 53.4% enhancement. Hence, our novel approach of integrating neural networks into filtering algorithms stands out as an effective strategy to significantly enhance their performance in dynamic environments.
The correlation between cellular O-GlcNAcylation and sensitivity to O-GlcNAc inhibitor in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Wongprayoon Pawaris , Pengnam Supusson , Srisuphan Roongtiwa , Opanasopit Praneet , Jirawatnotai Siwanon , Charoensuksai Purin
Published: October 2024

The upregulation of O-GlcNAc signaling has long been implicated in the development and progression of numerous human malignancies, including colorectal cancer. In this study, we characterized eight colorectal cancer cell lines and one non-cancerous cell line for O-GlcNAc-related profiles such as the expression of OGT, OGA, and total protein O-GlcNAcylation, along with their sensitivity toward OSMI-1 (Os), an OGT inhibitor (OGTi). Indeed, Os dose-dependently suppressed the viability of all colorectal cancer cell lines tested. Among the three O-GlcNAc profiles, our results revealed that Os IC50 exhibited the strongest correlation with total protein O-GlcNAcylation (Pearson Correlation Coefficient r = -0.73), suggesting that total O-GlcNAcylation likely serves as a better predictive marker for OGTi sensitivity than OGT expression levels. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Os exhibited a synergistic relationship with regorafenib (Re). We believed that this synergism could be explained, at least in part, by the observed Re-mediated increase of cellular O-GlcNAcylation, which was counteracted by Os. Finally, we showed that the Os:Re combination suppressed the growth of NCI-H508 tumor spheroids. Overall, our findings highlighted OGTi as a potential anticancer agent that could be used in combination with other molecules to enhance the efficacy while minimizing adverse effects, and identified total cellular O-GlcNAcylation as a potential predictive marker for OGTi sensitivity.
Determination of nutritional sufficiency ranges for pomelo (Citrus grandis Osbeck) grown on alluvial soils using DRIS
Authors: Quyen Nguyen Kim , Dang Le Van , Ngoc Ngo Phuong , Phuong Thao Pham Thi , Hung Ngo Ngoc
Published: October 2024

Pomelo is an important tropical fruit with a high nutrient content and economic value in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD). The Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) helps determine the leaf nutrient status of various plants worldwide. However, the DRIS-based nutritional balance in pomelo leaves remains to be established. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to (i) construct the DRIS norms and indices for nutrients, including macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) and trace elements (Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn) in pomelo leaves, and (ii) establish nutrient sufficiency value ranges for sustainable pomelo cultivation in the VMD. We collected 270 leaf samples at three stages of pomelo growth, i.e., flowering, fruit development, and postharvest, and calculated DRIS indices for various nutrients. The DRIS indices established for various nutrients in pomelo leaves were accurate and reliable, as indicated by the high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.43–0.93, p < 0.05) between nutrient concentrations and their DRIS indices. We observed that pomelo leaves were deficient in N (IN = −6.82), P (IP = −24.0), and Fe (IFe = −0.40) at the flowering stage and most deficient in P (IP = −15.6), K (IK = −11.7), Fe (IFe = −0.50), and Mn (IMn = −2.31) at the fruit development stage. However, only N (IN = −2.64) and P (IP = −13.4) shortages were observed at the postharvest stage. Thus, in this study, we evaluated nutrient value ranges (deficient, balanced, and excess) in pomelo leaves at their different growth stages and established DRIS indices for various nutrients. The results contribute to our understanding of the nutritional status of pomelo leaves, which can help growers improve plant health for sustainable pomelo production.
8-Oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase1 conceals oxidized guanine in nucleoprotein-associated RNA of respiratory syncytial virus
Authors: Pan Lang , Wang Ke , Hao Wenjing , Xue Yaoyao , Zheng Xu , Basu Ritwika S. , Hazra Tapas K. , Islam Azharul , Hosakote Yashoda , Tian Bing , Gagnon Matthieu G. , Ba Xueqing , Boldogh Istvan
Published: October 2024

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), along with other prominent respiratory RNA viruses such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2, significantly contributes to the global incidence of respiratory tract infections. These pathogens induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which play a crucial role in the onset and progression of respiratory diseases. However, the mechanisms by which viral RNA manages ROS-induced base oxidation remain poorly understood. Here, we reveal that 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoGua) is not merely an incidental byproduct of ROS activity but serves as a strategic adaptation of RSV RNA to maintain genetic fidelity by hijacking the 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1). Through RNA immunoprecipitation and next-generation sequencing, we discovered that OGG1 binding sites are predominantly found in the RSV antigenome, especially within guanine-rich sequences. Further investigation revealed that viral ribonucleoprotein complexes specifically exploit OGG1. Importantly, inhibiting OGG1’s ability to recognize 8-oxoGua significantly decreases RSV progeny production. Our results underscore the viral replication machinery’s adaptation to oxidative challenges, suggesting that inhibiting OGG1’s reading function could be a novel strategy for antiviral intervention.
Sorge y prosopopeya: Arendt desde Goethe, Goethe con Arendt
Authors: Sánchez-Arjona Voser Javier
Published: October 2024

El último libro que Arendt se planteó escribir, sobre la capacidad de juzgar, iba a cerrar la trilogía sobre La vida del espíritu. El proyecto quedó reducido a un paratexto formado por un título y dos citas, una de ellas tomada del quinto acto de la segunda parte del Fausto de Goethe. El presente trabajo plantea una lectura del contexto de esta cita con la obra de Arendt que permita esclarecer por qué habría tenido sentido incluir precisamente esta cita en el volumen nunca escrito. Lejos de poder ser leído, desde Arendt, solo como ejemplo de dictador totalitario, el personaje de Fausto puede ser también leído, con Arendt, en clave política desde otra perspectiva. Su disputa con la alegoría de la inquietud y de la cura, la Sorge, nos presenta a una figura en vías de convertirse en persona capaz de reflexionar y por tanto juzgar: máscara con voz propia.
Incompleteness: Remarks on Arendt Method
Authors: Heuer Wolfgang
Published: October 2024

Hannah Arendt is commonly criticized for defining action as an end in itself, of horizontal power and of councils as an alternative to representative democracy that is unrealistic and unrealizable. In contrast, I show how much Arendt was concerned about the dangers of these concepts: the replacement of action by fabrication, of power by domination and violence, and the impossibility of a council democracy in the face of a highly administrative and depoliticized society. Arendt shows how these hybrid forms revealed their pure forms as a hidden tradition in revolutionary situations. The supposed incompleteness and failure of a struggle for another society can therefore be understood as a recurring possibility and reality and thus as a specific condition of the political. The critique of the hybrid form also includes the critique of modern scientific thought and political thought.
Arendt y Hegel: una filosofía política frente a la filosofía de la historia
Authors: Lucena Góngora Borja
Published: October 2024

En su reflexión acerca de la política, Hannah Arendt se vio obligada de dar cuenta de la importancia de la filosofía hegeliana para la moderna concepción de los asuntos humanos. El objeto de este artículo reside en el análisis de la naturaleza ambivalente, con respecto a lo político, que Arendt localiza en el pensamiento de Hegel. De acuerdo con Arendt, en Hegel se da, por un lado, una rehabilitación de la política, dado que el pensador alemán deshecha definitivamente la convicción metafísica de que a la esfera de la acción no pertenece verdad ninguna; no obstante, y al mismo tiempo, se alcanzan ciertos resultados que tendieron a fijarse en un concepto anti-político de los asuntos humanos, ajustado a ciertos derroteros dominantes en la Modernidad. En Hegel, en suma, se presentan, en un mismo gesto, las promesas modernas de la política, pero también sus riesgos, paradojas y callejones ciegos.
La llamada de la selva
Authors: Benoist Jocelyn
Published: October 2024

Prima facie, la idea del desarrollo sostenible parece establecer una limitación al poder absoluto de la subjetividad moderna. Sin embargo, si se examina más de cerca, se revela como el desvío necesario para el reinado de esta subjetividad, siguiendo el principio de la racionalidad económica de los Modernos. El autor discute los límites del antropocentrismo inherente a tal perspectiva, y abre otro significado, metafísico, de la sostenibilidad, que inscribe en el sujeto la conciencia de pertenecer a una realidad que, en algunos de sus aspectos, puede superarlo, y con la cual no siempre es solidario. Al hacerlo, se aleja de un «Nuevo realismo» que puede caracterizarse como neohumanismo y que, bajo la apariencia de superar el dualismo sujeto/objeto, mantiene los presupuestos esenciales de la metafísica moderna de la subjetividad –y, por tanto, un marco conceptual más allá del cual la cuestión ecológica invita hoy a pensar–.