bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Last glacial inception trajectories for the Northern Hemisphere from coupled ice and climate modelling
Authors: Bahadory Taimaz , Tarasov Lev , Andres Heather
Published: February 2021

Abstract. We present an ensemble of last glacial inception (LGI) simulations for the Northern Hemisphere that captures a significant fraction of inferred ice volume changes within proxy uncertainties. This ensemble was performed with LCice 1.0, a coupled ice sheet and climate model, varying parameters of both climate and ice sheet components, as well as the coupling between them. Certain characteristics of the spatiotemporal pattern of ice growth and subsequent retreat in both North America (NA) and Eurasia (EA) are
sensitive to parameter changes while others are not. We find that the initial inception of ice over NA and EA is best characterized by the nucleation of ice at high-latitude and high-elevation sites. Subsequent spreading and merger along with large-scale conversion of snowfields dominate in different sectors. The latter plays an important role in the merging of eastern and western ice regions in NA. The inception peak ice volume in the ensemble occurs approximately at 111 ka and therefore lags the summer 60∘ N insolation minimum by more than 3 kyr. Ice volumes consistently peak earlier over EA than NA. The inception peak in North America is characterized by a merged Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheet, with the Davis Strait covered in ice in ∼80 % of simulations. Ice also bridges Greenland and Iceland in all runs by 114 ka and therefore blocks the Denmark Strait. This latter feature would thereby divert the East Greenland Current and Denmark Strait overflow with a potentially significant impact on ocean circulation. The Eurasian
ice sheet at its inception peak varies across ensemble runs between a continuous ice sheet and multiple smaller ice caps. In both continents, the colder high latitudes (i.e. Ellesmere and Svalbard)
tend to grow ice through the entire simulation (to 102 ka), while lower
latitudes lose ice after ∼110 ka. We find temperature decreases over the initial phases of the inception
lead to the expansion of NA ice sheet area and that subsequent
precipitation increases contribute to its thickening. EA ice sheet
area also expands with decreasing temperatures, but sea ice limits
any increases in precipitation, leading to an earlier retreat away
from the EA maximum ice sheet volume. We also examine the extent to which the capture of both LGI ice
growth and retreat constrains the coupled ice–climate model sensitivity to changing atmospheric pCO2. The 55-member sub-ensemble that meets our criteria for “acceptable” ice growth and retreat has an equilibrium climate sensitivity lower bound that is 0.3 ∘C higher than that of the full ensemble. This
suggests some potential value of fully coupled ice–climate modelling of the last glacial inception to constrain future climate change.
2020-Lockdown in China: Ein Experiment zur klimatischen Wirkung der Reduktion der atmosphärischen Aerosollast
Authors: von Storch Hans , Geyer Beate , Yan Li , Matthias Volker , Rockel Burkhardt
Published: February 2021

Der Corona-bedingte Lockdown der wirtschaftlichen Zentren in China in den ersten Monaten des Jahres 2020 führte zu einer deutlichen Minderung der regionalen Aerosollast, die eine regionale Erwärmung der Region als plausibel erscheinen lässt.  Anhand von lokalen Beobachtungen und Ensembles von Simulationen mit einem regionalen Atmosphären-Modell schätzen wir diese Erwärmung ab. Die beobachteten Daten weisen auf eine Erwärmung in der Größenordnung bis zu 1 K hin, während die Simulationen eine Erwärmung von 0.5 K aufweisen. Diese Zahlen sind unsicher, zum einen wegen der bedeutsamen großräumigen natürlichen Variabilität, zu anderen wegen der ad-hoc Wahl der Veränderung der Aerosol optical depth in der Simulation. Zusammengefasst ist das Ergebnis unserer Studie, dass es zu einer Erwärmung von einigen zehntel Grad gekommen ist, aber nicht zu nennenswerten Veränderungen in der Zirkulation oder im Niederschlag.

Im Einzelnen ergab sich

An ausgewählten Orten Chinas war es in den ersten Monaten von 2020 wärmer als in den zwei Jahren zuvor. Die Erwärmung geht einher mit einem ausgeprägten Tagesgang, mit maximalen Werten am frühen Nachmittag (06 UTC) und kleinsten werten nachts (18 UTC).

Diese Erwärmung könnte mit einer generellen Erwärmung weiter Teile von Ostasien (einschl. Sibiriens) in Verbindung stehen. Tatsächlich zeigen auch Orte außerhalb des schweren Lockdowns eine wenngleich geringere Erwärmung. Insofern kann die Temperaturdifferenz 2020 minus 2019/18 die Aerosolwirkung überschätzen.

Das Ensemble von Simulationen, mit dem ad-hoc Ansatz einer Reduktion des anthropogenen Aerosol-last von 50%, beschreiben die Änderungen als robust und wenig beeinflusst von interner Variabilität. Insbesondere gibt es keine “Phases of intermittent divergence” – vielmehr erscheint die Wirkung der reduzierten Aerosollast nur lokal in den Luftsäulen über den Gitterboxen.
Radar and ground-level measurements of precipitation collected by the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne during the International Collaborative Experiments for PyeongChang 2018 Olympic and Paralympic winter games
Authors: Gehring Josué , Ferrone Alfonso , Billault-Roux Anne-Claire , Besic Nikola , Ahn Kwang Deuk , Lee GyuWon , Berne Alexis
Published: February 2021

Abstract. This article describes a 4-month dataset of precipitation and cloud measurements collected during the International Collaborative Experiments for PyeongChang 2018 Olympic and Paralympic winter games (ICE-POP 2018). This paper aims to describe the data collected by the Environmental Remote Sensing Laboratory of the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. The dataset includes observations from an X-band dual-polarisation Doppler radar, a W-band Doppler cloud profiler, a multi-angle snowflake camera and a two-dimensional video disdrometer (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.918315, Gehring et al., 2020a). Classifications of hydrometeor types derived from dual-polarisation measurements and snowflake photographs are presented. The dataset covers the period from 15 November 2017 to 18 March 2018 and features nine precipitation events with a total accumulation of 195 mm of equivalent liquid precipitation. This represents 85 % of the climatological accumulation over this period. To illustrate the available data, measurements corresponding to the four precipitation events with the largest accumulation are presented. The synoptic situations of these events were contrasted and influenced the precipitation type and accumulation. The hydrometeor classifications reveal that aggregate snowflakes were dominant and that some events featured significant riming. The combination of dual-polarisation variables and high-resolution Doppler spectra with ground-level snowflake images makes this dataset particularly suited to study snowfall microphysics in a region where such measurements were not available before.
Leveraging time series analysis of radar coherence and normalized difference vegetation index ratios to characterize pre-failure activity of the Mud Creek landslide, California
Authors: Jacquemart Mylène , Tiampo Kristy
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Assessing landslide activity at large scales has historically been a challenging problem. Here, we present a different approach on radar coherence and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) analyses – metrics that are typically used to map landslides post-failure – and leverage a time series analysis to characterize the pre-failure activity of the Mud Creek landslide in California. Our method computes the ratio of mean interferometric coherence or NDVI on the unstable slope relative to that of the surrounding hillslope. This approach has the advantage that it eliminates the negative impacts of long temporal baselines that can interfere with the analysis of interferometric synthetic aperture (InSAR) data, as well as interferences from atmospheric and environmental factors. We show that the coherence ratio of the Mud Creek landslide dropped by 50 % when the slide began to accelerate 5 months prior to its catastrophic failure in 2017. Coincidentally, the NDVI ratio began a near-linear decline. A similar behavior is visible during an earlier acceleration of the landslide in 2016. This suggests that radar coherence and NDVI ratios may be useful for assessing landslide activity. Our study demonstrates that data from the ascending track provide the more reliable coherence ratios, despite being poorly suited to measure the slope's precursory deformation. Combined, these insights suggest that this type of analysis may complement traditional InSAR analysis in useful ways and provide an opportunity to assess landslide activity at regional scales.
Application of Lévy processes in modelling (geodetic) time series with mixed spectra
Authors: Montillet Jean-Philippe , He Xiaoxing , Yu Kegen , Xiong Changliang
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Recently, various models have been developed, including the fractional Brownian motion (fBm), to analyse the stochastic properties of geodetic time series together with the estimated geophysical signals. The noise spectrum of these time series is generally modelled as a mixed spectrum, with a sum of white and coloured noise. Here, we are interested in modelling the residual time series after deterministically subtracting geophysical signals from the observations. This residual time series is then assumed to be a sum of three stochastic processes, including the family of Lévy processes. The introduction of a third stochastic term models the remaining residual signals and other correlated processes. Via simulations and real time series, we identify three classes of Lévy processes, namely Gaussian, fractional and stable. In the first case, residuals are predominantly constituted of short-memory processes. The fractional Lévy process can be an alternative model to the fBm in the presence of long-term correlations and self-similarity properties. The stable process is here restrained to the special case of infinite variance, which can be only satisfied in the case of heavy-tailed distributions in the application to geodetic time series. Therefore, the model implies potential anxiety in the functional model selection, where missing geophysical information can generate such residual time series.
A 30-year reconstruction of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation shows no decline
Authors: Worthington Emma L. , Moat Ben I. , Smeed David A. , Mecking Jennifer V. , Marsh Robert , McCarthy Gerard D.
Published: February 2021

Abstract. A decline in Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) strength has been observed between 2004 and 2012 by the RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS (RAPID – Meridional Overturning Circulation and Heatflux Array – Western Boundary Time Series, hereafter RAPID array) with this weakened state of the AMOC persisting until 2017. Climate model and paleo-oceanographic research suggests that the AMOC may have been declining for decades or even centuries before this; however direct observations are sparse prior to 2004, giving only “snapshots” of the overturning circulation. Previous studies have used linear models based on upper-layer temperature anomalies to extend AMOC estimates back in time; however these ignore changes in the deep circulation that are beginning to emerge in the observations of AMOC decline. Here we develop a higher-fidelity empirical model of AMOC variability based on RAPID data and associated physically with changes in thickness of the persistent upper, intermediate, and deep water masses at 26∘ N and associated transports. We applied historical hydrographic data to the empirical model to create an AMOC time series extending from 1981 to 2016. Increasing the resolution of the observed AMOC to approximately annual shows multi-annual variability in agreement with RAPID observations and shows that the downturn between 2008 and 2012 was the weakest AMOC since the mid-1980s. However, the time series shows no overall AMOC decline as indicated by other proxies and high-resolution climate models. Our results reinforce that adequately capturing changes to the deep circulation is key to detecting any anthropogenic climate-change-related AMOC decline.
Sensitivity of ice sheet surface velocity and elevation to variations in basal friction and topography in the full Stokes and shallow-shelf approximation frameworks using adjoint equations
Authors: Cheng Gong , Kirchner Nina , Lötstedt Per
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Predictions of future mass loss from ice sheets are afflicted with uncertainty, caused, among others, by insufficient understanding of spatiotemporally variable processes at the inaccessible base of ice sheets for which few direct observations exist and of which basal friction is a prime example.
Here, we present a general numerical framework for studying the relationship between bed and surface properties of ice sheets and glaciers. Specifically, we use an inverse modeling approach and the associated time-dependent adjoint equations, derived in the framework of a full Stokes model and a shallow-shelf/shelfy-stream approximation model, respectively, to determine the sensitivity of grounded ice sheet surface velocities and elevation to time-dependent perturbations in basal friction and basal topography.
Analytical and numerical examples are presented showing the importance of including the time-dependent kinematic free surface equation for the elevation and its adjoint, in particular for observations of the elevation.
A closed form of the analytical solutions to the adjoint equations is given for a two-dimensional vertical ice in steady state under the shallow-shelf approximation.
There is a delay in time between a seasonal perturbation at the ice base and the observation of the change in elevation.
A perturbation at the base in the topography has a direct effect in space at the surface above the perturbation, and a perturbation in the friction is propagated directly to the surface in time.
Erratum to: Incorporation of Fluconazole and Ocimum Sanctum Oil in Soft Denture Liners to Treat Biofilms of Candida albicans Associated with Denture Stomatitis
Authors: Dugal Ramandeep
Published: February 2021

Purpose: To investigate the In Vitro activity of incorporated antifungal agents like Fluconazole and Ocimum sanctum oil (Tulsi) in the denture soft liners to reduce the risks associated with the biofilms of Candida albicans.Materials and Methods: In the current study, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of two antifungal agents namely Fluconazole and O. sanctum (Tulsi oil) against C. albicans (ATCC 10231) was evaluated to examine their effect in reducing the count of candida and its biofilms. Analysis of physical properties such as surface roughness and hardness of soft denture liners (test and control) were also performed. The effect of both antifungal agents was also observed on cell morphology of candida cells using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results: Studies confirmed MIC value for fluconazole and O. sanctum oil as 600 and 400 µg/ml respectively. Surface hardness and roughness of soft denture material (test) remained unaltered. Finally, SEM studies also proved the effectiveness of incorporated antifungal agents on the cell morphology of C. albicans at their respective MIC values.Conclusions: This approach allows the prolonged drug release in the oral cavity which simultaneously treats the injured denture bearing tissues and also the infection, biofilms of candida without compromising on their physical properties. These studies are significant and have tremendous medicinal and therapeutic relevance.        Keywords: Antifungal Agents; Biofilms; Candida; Scanning Electron Microscope; Soft Liners; Hardness; Surface Roughness; Minimal Inhibitory Concentration; Denture Stomatitis.
Sound Symbolism in Baseball Player Names
Authors: Shih Stephanie S. , Rudin Deniz
Published: February 2021

Recent work has argued that sound symbolism plays a much larger part in language than previously believed, given the assumption of the arbitrariness of the sign. A slate of recent papers on Pokémonastics, for example, has found sound symbolic associations to be rampant in Pokémon names cross-linguistically. In this paper, we explore a real-world dataset that parallels Pokémon, in which human players similarly have physical attributes of weight, height, and power: Major League Baseball. We investigated phonological correlations between baseball player statistics and their given first names, chosen baseball-official first names,and baseball nicknames. We found numerous sound symbolic associations in player-chosen names and nicknames, where conscious design may play a role in choosing a name that communicates an attribute. These associations were often mediated by language-specific hypocoristic formation processes. We conclude that sound symbolism occurs in real-world naming practices, but only when names are chosen in cognizance of the relevant attributes.
Call for Papers for a Special Issue of NAMES
Authors: Caiazzo Luisa
Published: February 2021

The Vice President of the American Name Society, Dr. Luisa Caiazzo, is issuing a call for papers for a specialissue of NAMES on the selection and meaning of toponyms in works of fiction.
Escalas salariales en la economía del bien común
Authors: Sastre Centeno José Manuel , Inglada Galiana Elena
Published: February 2021

El sistema económico capitalista, desde el comienzo de su historia, no ha estado exento de teorías y pensamientos críticos que han puesto sobre la mesa sus dificultades e imposibilidades en ciertos aspectos. La presente economía capitalista lleva para muchos, aparte de una crisis monetaria, repercusiones en otros contextos (impacto ecológico, energético, crisis social, alimentaria, etc.). Si bien, se han ido forjando, desde hace años, otros tipos de alternativas y más recientemente la Economía del Bien Común, un proyecto económico que pretende crear los incentivos con los cuales la actividad económica se dirija hacia el Bien Común, es decir, fomentar los valores humanos de la solidaridad, dignidad, sostenibilidad, justicia social, democracia y transparencia, recuperando el concepto de éxito económico y vinculándolo hacia el beneficio social. El modelo de la EBC plantea el uso de unas premisas e indicadores para conformar unas escalas salariales justas, siendo éste el objeto de estudio del presente trabajo, junto con el análisis de dos de los valores fundamentales del modelo y su contribución a ambos, la equidad y justicia social.
La difusión de la ciencia en Angola a través de revistas científicas: una alternativa de mejoramiento del proceso investigativo
Authors: Wongo Gungula Eurico , Artigas Wileidys , Faustino Arnaldo
Published: February 2021

Es indiscutible y positivo el interés que la comunidad científica internacional atribuye en la formación de la nueva generación de profesionales para la investigación científica. Angola, siendo un país signado por diversos conflictos civiles; se ha interesado en los últimos años por formar investigadores que logren que la educación universitaria avance y posicione el país en los diversos rankings académicos internacionales. En este sentido, algunas instituciones han logrado la creación de revistas científicas, lo que conlleva a la formación en diversos procesos investigativos de su personal docente. El objetivo del artículo es examinar las revistas científicas angolanas que se encuentran registradas en el portal ISSN internacional y su situación actual como alternativa de mejoramiento del proceso investigativo de las instituciones. Para esto, se hizo una revisión en el portal ISSN internacional para identificar las revistas científicas registradas y vinculadas a instituciones angolanas. Posteriormente se realizó una revisión de estas en sus páginas web, bien como las instituciones que las editan como complemento del proceso. Los resultados alcanzados indican que, la intención en la creación de revistas científicas existe, sin embargo, hay insuficiente estímulo por parte de las instituciones encargadas por el mejoramiento de los indicadores de ciencia de Angola, y con esto, lograr el posicionamiento de sus revistas en el escenario internacional.
Atención en los medios sociales de la investigación sobre aceite de oliva: opinión pública e investigación
Authors: Montesi Michela , Fernández Bajón María Teresa
Published: February 2021

La necesidad de medir el impacto social de la investigación ha planteado diferentes formas de evaluación, y en agricultura se habla de impact pathways, como herramientas que permiten reflejar el proceso sistémico de la innovación, así como los factores sociales y la contribución de diferentes actores en el mismo. Sin embargo, la multiplicidad y diversidad de actores potencialmente influyentes en los procesos de innovación plantea dificultades de participación para incluirlos en los procesos de evaluación de la investigación agraria. Este estudio propone las métricas alternativas o altmétricas, es decir, relativas a la atención que la literatura científica genera en los medios sociales, como una forma para introducir en los procesos de evaluación la opinión pública. Los resultados apuntan a que la opinión pública percibe la investigación sobre aceite de oliva como más significativa cuando es interdisciplinaria.
Patrimonio documental, memorias e historia obrera. La reconstrucción del caso de Villa Carlos von Bernard, partido de Olavarría, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Lemiez Griselda , Endere María Luz
Published: February 2021

En este trabajo abordamos la cuestión del patrimonio documental en relación a la reconstrucción de la historia de las empresas, tomando como caso de estudio la Villa Carlos von Bernard, en el partido de Olavarría, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Para ello analizamos el marco legal aplicable a este patrimonio y las dificultades que se presentan a la hora de proteger la documentación privada. Asimismo, indagamos acerca del valor social y cultural de los documentos, en sus diferentes soportes, como elementos del patrimonio cultural y su vinculación con la reconstrucción histórica, principalmente en la historia de las empresas. El caso abordado nos ilustra sobre cómo ante la falta de documentos de la fábrica, la reconstrucción histórica se hizo en base a fuentes alternativas, es decir periodísticas, judiciales, fotográficas, etc., apoyadas y/o contrastadas con la memoria oral de algunos de sus protagonistas. Finalmente deseamos recordar el rol que cumple el patrimonio documental en la memoria social y en las democracias, por lo que consideramos que debe preservarse y socializarse. Por esta razón resulta prioritario contar con un marco regulatorio adecuado y actualizado que lo ampare.
Educação física escolar: uma leitura na concepção emergente do desenvolvimento humano
Authors: Finck Silvia Christina Madrid
Published: February 2021

O objetivo principal neste trabalho é focalizar alguns aspectos da Educação Física Escolar utilizando como referencial teórico uma das teorias que tratam do Desenvolvimento Humano, a Teoria Ecológica de Urie Bronfenbrenner, interpretada e discutida pelo Profº Rui Jornada Krebs. Primeiramente evidencia-se alguns questionamentos que permeiam a Educação Física Escolar, os quais fazem parte da realidade que vivencia-se e das preocupações que se têm. Em seguida, aborda-se sobre o Desenvolvimento Humano, sua relação com o comportamento e seus principais princípios numa perspectiva ecológica. Dentre as teorias emergentes que tratam do Desenvolvimento Humano, optou-se pela Teoria Ecológica de Urie Bronfenbrenner para discutir algumas questões que permeiam a Educação Física Escolar. Dessa forma, situa-se a escola enquanto um microssistema, a aula de Educação Física como atividade molar, os diferentes papéis que são vivenciados pelas pessoas, principalmente o aluno, no ambiente da escola, assim como, as estruturas interpessoais que nela são estabelecidas. Algumas considerações são colocadas no término do trabalho não no sentido de concluir, mas de instigar outros questionamentos que envolvem o tema em questão e que possam vir a colaborar para seu enriquecimento.
"Lugares da memória" no Estado do Paraná: demandas e políticas pela preservação do patrimônio cultural
Authors: Luporini Teresa Jussara
Published: February 2021

A sociedade brasileira vive entre a falta de uma política cultural por parte das autoridades constituídas e a onda de preservação de diferentes memórias por variados segmentos da população. A investigação apreende um dos momentos deste contexto, enfocando a preservação da memória como possibilidade de reinterpretação do passado, na constituição do espaço vivencial, no cotidiano e no presente. Analisa a política cultural formulada e adotada pelo governo do Estado do Paraná, na gestão 1991-1994. Recorta, metodologicamente, a política setorial da área da cultura optando pela análise das ações desenvolvidas, no âmbito da preservação, que apontam para a constituição de um inventário de bens culturais destinado a manter/consolidar a identidade cultural paranaense e, neste sentido, criando “lugares da memória”. Por meio da análise documental em registros oficiais, interlocução com os atores sociais envolvidos – autores, gestores e agentes de coleta de dados contatados, direta ou indiretamente via entrevista e questionários –, verificou-se como as ações foram postuladas, a nível do discurso e, se a postura assumida pelo governo respondeu a demandas, existentes ou emergentes, na sociedade paranaense. Constatou-se que ocorreu a criação de um espaço para o surgimento/implementação da consciência preservacionista nos municípios paranaenses atingidos pela proposta governamental, embora não se tenha efetivamente colaborado para a democratização da cultura e a socialização do conhecimento, nos níveis idealizados pela política oficial. Evidenciou-se que a questão patrimonial está articulada à questão cidadã e é a formulação de políticas culturais de inspiração democrática que afasta o enfoque conservador, xenófobo, saudosista para dar lugar à consciência do uso social do patrimônio cultural, permitindo a democratização dos espaços culturais e a s socialização do conhecimento da realidade patrimonial paranaense.
ARTE CIRCENSE NA ESCOLA: POSSIBILIDADE - Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5212/OlharProfr.v.11i1.197207
Authors: Costa Ana Carolina Pontes , Tiaen Marcos Sergio , Sambugari Márcia Regina do Nascimento
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo versa sobre o papel interdisciplinar do circo na escola, analisado numa perspectiva sociológica na medida em que as realidades sociais presentes nesse contexto são problematizadas. Com o estudo realizado no projeto O papel interdisciplinar do circo no trabalho educativo algumas indagações emergiram frente ao modelo curricular tradicional que ainda perpassa a prática pedagógica de professores na realidade das escolas das séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Embora o circo não seja contemplado como conteúdo programático no currículo das escolas, este texto dialoga com vários estudos tanto no âmbito internacional, quanto no contexto brasileiro, destacando o caráter interdisciplinar do circo no trabalho didático do professor não apenas de Educação Física. Contextualiza o circo e a interdisciplinaridade no Brasil, bem como tece algumas análises a partir do projeto realizado. As análises apontam um duplo movimento: de um lado, a possibilidade das técnicas circenses serem inseridas no universo escolar, numa perspectiva interdisciplinar; e, de outro, a existência de muitas barreiras para o desenvolvimento de um trabalho pedagógico pautado na interdisciplinaridade, seja pela lacuna de conhecimentos acerca dos processos interdisciplinares por parte dos envolvidos no processo educativo, seja pela pouca possibilidade de alterações de facetas do habitus docente para romper a disciplinaridade. Buscar uma atuação pedagógica que contemple e vivencie a dimensão lúdica e interdisciplinar significa abrir espaços para que a sala de aula seja um ambiente em que o autoritarismo é trocado pela livre expressão da atitude interdisciplinar, bem como um espaço de interrelação e convivência.
CONCEPÇÃO COMUNITARISTA DA DEMOCRACIA E EDUCAÇÃO (THE COMUNITARIANIST CONCEPTION OF DEMOCRACY AND THE EDUCATION) - Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5212/OlharProfr.v.11i2.233252
Authors: Da Silva Sidney Reinaldo
Published: February 2021

Analisa-se, neste texto, a concepção comunitarista de democracia e sua correlação com a educação, discutindo-se o potencial heurístico da mesma para se compreender questões ligadas à forma como as políticas públicas são concebidas e implementadas no campo da educação frente às exigências de administração democrática da escola pública. A concepção contratualista da democracia é apresentada, inicialmente, como contraponto. Mostra-se como, a partir do comunitarismo, questões ligadas à identidade e à diferença são tratadas na esfera da deliberação pública. Discute-se qual tipo de democracia podemos ter e desejar frente aos limites do comunitarismo em relação às exigências da formação humana para uma democracia radical e popular.   Palavras-chave: Democracia. Comunitarismo. Educação.   This paper analyzes the communitarianism as a perspective of collective decision to think democracy in public educational policies and in public school administration. First I present the contractarian conception of democracy as a counterpoint to discuss question about how communitarianism difine the limits and scope of political education and school as a place of coletive deliberation. How question about identity and difference must be democratically treated. The question is about what kind of democracy we have and want and how this is linked with the human formation.   Keywords: Democracy. Communitarianism. Education.
Atividade de Pesquisa: contribuições da Iniciação Científica na formação geral do estudante universitário - Doi: 10.5212/OlharProfr.v.13i2.0010
Authors: Bridi Jamile Cristina Ajub
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo busca responder e especular se a Iniciação Científica pode adquirir alcances pedagógicos que vão para além da formação do pesquisador, contribuindo para a formação intelectual e moral dos alunos conforme propôs Humboldt quando da fundação da Universidade de Berlim no séc. XIX. Por meios de dados quantitativos e qualitativos são analisados, principalmente, quais as contribuições da atividade de pesquisa na graduação, percebidos por alunos e professores inseridos em Programas de Iniciação Científica de uma Universidade Publica do Estado de São Paulo.
Parts, portions and secondary elements
Authors: Allardice N. W.
Published: February 2021

This paper is the resuIt of deliberations of the Society's discussion group on seismic design of ductile moment resisting reinforced concrete frames.
Reinforced concrete beam-column joints for seismic loading
Authors: Fenwick R. C. , Irvine H. M.
Published: February 2021

The basic theory relating to the design of reinforced concrete beam-column joints is reviewed and extended. In particular, the theory of an alternative joint detail using bond plates is developed.
Earthquake simulation testing of a stepping frame with energy-absorbing devices
Authors: Kelly J. M. , Tsztoo D. F.
Published: February 2021

Results are reported of earthquake simulation tests on a model frame with a partial base isolation system that includes energy-absorbing devices. The isolation system was modeled on a stepping bridge concept developed for the New Zealand Railways, and the energy-absorbing devices, based on the plastic torsion of rectangular mild steel bars, functioned only when the frame base lifted off the foundation. Two series of tests using scaled accelerations from the El Centro N-S 1940 and Pacoima Dam 1971 earthquake ground motion records were used as input to the shaking table on which the tests were performed. Results from these tests are compared to those from earlier tests on an identical frame with the foundation (1) anchored as in conventional design, and (2) permitted to uplift freely. The response of the frame with the energy-absorbing devices installed was improved over that of both the fixed frame and the frame allowed to uplift freely for the El Centro accelerations. Although the results are not as favourable for the Pacoima Dam input, the feasibility of the energy-absorbing devices associated with a partial base isolation system is established as an alternative to anchored frames and frames allowed to uplift freely.
Parts and portions of buildings
Authors: Kolston D.
Published: February 2021

In comparison with Chapter 8, the section dealing with "Parts and Portions of Buildings" has been significantly extended.

The extension is in line with the multi-term-evaluation approach which is used in the Code to establish the seismic force on the building.
Wind loading
Authors: O'Donovan C. J.
Published: February 2021

This paper is presented to outline the features of the revised Wind Loading Code NZS4203/303 and to give some background on the history of wind ByLaws in New Zealand.
Procedure for the analysis and design of ductile reinforced concrete frame buildings of moderate  height
Authors: Williams R. L.
Published: February 2021

Amendments to "Procedure for the Analysis and Design of Ductile Reinforced Concrete Frame Buildings of Moderate  Height" - R. L. Williams, published Bulletin of the N.Z.N.S.E.E. Vol. 8, No. 4, December, 1975.
Aspects of the FIP recommendations for design of aseismic prestressed concrete structures
Authors: Inomata S.
Published: February 2021

This paper was presented at the N.Z.P.C.I. 12th Annual Conference, 1976.
The New Zealand loadings code and its application to the design of seismic resistant prestressed concrete structures
Authors: Butcher G. W.
Published: February 2021

This paper was presented at the N.Z.P.C.I. 12th Annual Conference, 1976.
Some recent research in New Zealand into aspects of the seismic resistance of prestressed concrete frames
Authors: Park R. , Thompson K. J.
Published: February 2021

This paper was presented at the N.Z.P.C.I. 12th Annual Conference, 1976.
Shelf-life Prediction Modeling and Physicochemical Changes of Canned African Giant Snail (Achachatina achatina) Based Products during Storage Using Sensory and Kinetic Data
Authors: Ugbede-Ohuoba Elizabeth , Okonkwo Thomas M. , Nkama Iro , Eze J. I. , James Samaila
Published: February 2021

Canned African giant snails (brine, egusi and sauce) of low acidity (pH 4.5) were produced using Thermal Death Time (TDT) techniques. Sixty cans of each product were stored for 6 months at normal temperature (30oC). The physicochemical and sensory properties of these products were evaluated monthly. And also, 28 cans of each product were equally evaluated at accelerated storage temperatures stress (50, 60, 70 & 80oC) for 6 weeks. Changes in pH and overall acceptability were described by first and second order kinetics respectively. The extent of proteolysis, peroxidase activities, and extent of fat hydrolysis i.e peroxide and thiobabituric acid values did not change significantly (P > 0.05) during storage. Regression analysis was used to fit models for Gibbs free energy of activation for physicochemical changes as a function of temperature and to predict models for overall acceptability as a function of pH. Shelf-life prediction models were fitted based on sensory and pH kinetic data. Shelf-lives of 27.6 months, 27-25 months and 18-16.8 months were estimated for snail in brine (SIB) snail in egusi (SES) and snail in sauce (SIS) respectively during storage at 30OC.
On the Diophantine Equation Fn = x^a \pm x^b \pm 1 in Mersenne and Fermat Numbers
Authors: Gómez Carlos
Published: February 2021

In this article we investigate on the representation of Fibonacci numbers in the form x^a \pm x^b pm 1, for x in the sequence of Mersenne and Fermat numbers.
Balance of the built environment
in structural terms
Authors: Januszewski Wojciech
Published: February 2021

he s ubject o f t his w ork i s a n i ndepth
analysis of the structure of the built environment
as a system of organised relations.
Three elementary aspects expressed in binary
oppositions were distinguished: interior –
exterior (formal aspect), individual – collective
(social aspect), variable – permanent (dynamic
aspect). These aspects reflect the diverse
psychophysical needs and existential
states of a human being. The reorganisation of a habitat is a change in the internal relationships
of these categories in a specific region
and spatial scale. A healthy environment can
be defined as one that balances polar categories
at each level of the analysis. Reforms
and re-evaluations in the built environment
can be interpreted as attempts to restore balance,
as illustrated with examples from the
history of architecture and urban planning.
The results of the work contribute to the general
theory of the built environment, essential
for the proper design process in a wide spectrum
of spatial scale.
Urban acupuncture –
ephemeral arrangements of space
Authors: Wesołowski Piotr Marek
Published: February 2021

Development of modern cities, technological progress, reising pace of life, fast-changing fashion and increasing needs of society make the offered urban solutions lose their relevance relatively shortly after their introduction forcing to search for new concepts. In response to those changes, multifunctional, mobile spatial forms are proposed, often with direct possibility of makeing changes. They have been called 'injections' of new ideas and qualities and fall within the definition of 'urban acupuncture'. Usually, the short lifetime of such objects determines cheap, easy to apply solutions. These are ephemeral forms: temporary, short-lived, corresponding to the needs of
a specific place at a specific moment. Temporary actions are a form of provocation, it forces you to look at a known place from
a different perspective. These types of interventions are aimed to improve or suggesting of the necessity to improve the quality of existing public space, architecture and its health. Text is based on analysis of documents: available scientific studies, documented examples of architectural and artistic solutions, as well as comments and observations relating to these realizations. Submitting this topic to theoretical reflection is aimed to draw attention to selected issues linking architecture with art in the context of 'city acupuncture', understood as spatial realizations and intervention projects in 'sick' areas of architecture. The text discusses the characteristics of temporary architecture and art in public spaces in the context of revitalization activities.
Health and ecological aspects in shaping
of furniture equipment
Authors: Nowakowski Przemysław
Published: February 2021

The choice of furniture does not only affect the comfort of one’s life or work space. Materials utilized in furniture production may contribute to the quality of chemical microclimate in rooms and have an influence on the users’ health. Plenty of substances used in the furniture industry have negative effects on human health. These effects are usually of low intensity. However, they occur over a long period of time and as a result they may even lead directly to permanent health problems. Consumer lifestyle boosts frequent changes in interior decoration. The changes include mainly replacing furniture and household appliances. The furniture industry offers a wide range of products to satisfy the growing needs of buyers. Mass production results in a significant increase in the exploitation of natural resources and (often) leads to degradation of the natural environment. The downsides of mass furniture production are usually considered only in terms of utilizing various resources. Producers, however, implement measures to reduce the consumption of materials and energy. Their aim is to cut the production costs and lower the final price of manufactured goods. Worn out furniture, produced from highly processed materials is not biodegradable. Such waste is a heavy burden on the natural environment. The paper describes „the life cycle” of furniture items and presents a critical analysis of raw materials and intermediate products used in the furniture industry in the context of sustainable development (the impact on human health and on the condition of the natural environment). It may serve as a means to promote pro-health and pro-environmental awareness. A thorough assessment of the furniture available on the market may facilitate in making conscious decisions which will also take into consideration additional technical criteria. The choice of furniture neutral for people as well as for the environment is not an easy task and often involves higher spending.
Health in the Military – Military in Good Health: Prestige and Propaganda in the Architecture
of Modernist Military Holiday Houses
Authors: Rudnicka-Bogusz Marta M.
Published: February 2021

As a result of wartime operations, many citizens of child-bearing and working age either fell or became disabled, and in the best of cases required treatment due to
a worsening of hygienic conditions and malnutrition. According to the Polska Zbrojna magazine from 1933, the health of the Fatherland’s defenders required particular attention. For this reason, in the Second Republic of Poland, the officers’ corps had its own holiday system. Military architecture can largely bring to mind standardised urban layouts of barracks complexes filled with repetitive architecture. However, the architecture of holiday houses, sanatoriums and officers’ homes dedicated to recreation and entertainment (pensioners insisted on the hosting of dancing nights) and health treatment/convalescence is something different altogether. Although the first military holiday home in Cetniewo was built in the manorial style, the so-called White Manor (Biały Dworek), successive buildings were largely designed in the Modernist style, which perfectly fit the relaxed atmosphere and was healthy due to its immanent assumptions: it was equipped with impressive glazing, where the clash of masses caused the appearance of open rooftop terraces, etc. Officers, non-commissioned officers and their families had access to year-round holiday facilities such as the Officers’ Holiday Home in Augustów, seasonal facilities (Officers’ Holiday Complex in Jurata), as well as sanatoriums (Military Sanatorium in Otwock). After sailing and kayaking had become popular among officers, facilities dedicated to specific sports club began to appear, such as the Yacht Club in Zegrze. The design of such facilities was the domain of not only military engineers, but also avant-garde civilian designers, such as Edgar Norwerth, Marian Lalewicz, etc. Recreational homes were not only of recreational and integrative significance, but were also important in propaganda: the Officers’ Recreational Home in Cetniewo was to mark Polish presence on the freshly reclaimed Baltic coast through its modern, avant-garde architecture.
Physically disabled people
in higher education buildings
Authors: Czajka Roman , Furmańczyk Józefina
Published: February 2021

The aim of this study is to present analyses carried out in higher education buildings in terms of accessibility for people with physical disabilities. The essence of the research is to find solutions that improve both the physical and mental condition of people with reduced mobility. Methodology of this paper was introduced on two levels. First was analysis of literature and design solutions, that have a direct impact on the movement of disabled students and employees around educational institutions. Second was preparation of sketches and diagrams presenting the research results (graphical method). The above research and analyses extend the study field on the concept of movement of people with physical disabilities to issues of educational facilities and present a series of design guidelines, that can be proposed in this type of space. People with physical disabilities are very often excluded from academic life due to insufficient adaptation of facilities to their needs and capabilities. well organized space ensures physical safety, protecting the user from injuries, while the design of the aesthetics of the interior space can contribute to the improvement of mental health.
Architectural solutions of contemporary
pediatric hospitals – a study of selected projects
Authors: Przesmycka Natalia , Strojny Rafał
Published: February 2021

The article presents the results of
research on contemporary trends in the design
of paediatric hospitals. The aim of the
research was to determine directions both in
the sphere of architectural, functionality and
spatial solutions, as well as the arrangement
of the areas of nursing and public areas, recognized
as distinguishing features in relation
to specialized hospitals of other profiles.
Antimicrobial activity of fermented Maillard reaction products, novel milk-derived material, made by whey protein and Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus gasseri on Clostridium perfringens
Authors: Kim Yujin , Kim Sejeong , Lee Soomin , Ha Jimyeong , Lee Jeeyeon , Choi Yukyung , Oh Hyemin , Lee Yewon , Oh Nam-su , Yoon Yohan , Lee Heeyoung
Published: February 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of fermented Maillard reaction products made by milk proteins (FMRPs) on Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens), and to elucidate antimicrobial modes of FMRPs on the bacteria, using physiological and morphological analyses.Methods: Antimicrobial effects of FMRPs (whey protein plus galactose fermented by Lactobacillus rhamnosus [L. rhamnosus] 4B15 [Gal-4B15] or Lactobacillus gasseri 4M13 [Gal-4M13], and whey protein plus glucose fermented by L. rhamnosus 4B15 [Glc-4B15] or L. gasseri 4M13 [Glc-4M13]) on C. perfringens were tested by examining growth responses of the pathogen. Iron chelation activity analysis, propidium iodide uptake assay, and morphological analysis with field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) were conducted to elucidate the modes of antimicrobial activities of FMRPs.Results: When C. perfringens were exposed to the FMRPs, C. perfringens cell counts were decreased (p<0.05) by the all tested FMRPs; iron chelation activities by FMRPs, except for Glc-4M13. Propidium iodide uptake assay indicate that bacterial cellular damage increased in all FMRPs-treated C. perfringens, and it was observed by FE-SEM.Conclusion: These results indicate that the FMRPs can destroy C. perfringens by iron chelation and cell membrane damage. Thus, it could be used in dairy products, and controlling intestinal C. perfringens.
Composite genotypes of progestogen-associated endometrial protein gene and their association with composition and quality of dairy cattle milk
Authors: Kolenda Magdalena , Sitkowska Beata , Kamola Dariusz , Lambert Barry  D.
Published: February 2021

Objective: The progestogen-associated endometrial protein (PAEP) gene encodes the main whey protein in milk, β-lactoglobulin. The aim of the study was to investigate polymorphism in the PAEP gene and its association with milk yield, composition, and quality. Methods: Test-day records for 782 dairy cows were analysed. A total of 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) within the PAEP gene were investigated. The following parameters were recorded: milk yield (MY, kg/d), percent milk fat (%), protein (PP, %), dry matter (DMP, %) and lactose (LP, %), urea content (UC, mg/L) as well as natural logarithm for somatic cell count (LnSCC, ln). Effect on genomic estimated breeding values accuracy was evaluated with pedigree and single step model. Results: Results show that only three SNPs were polymorphic, creating 5 composite genotypes: P1 to P5. Differences in MY between composite genotypes were noted in the two tested herds. Cows with P5 composite genotypes were characterised by the highest PP and LnSCC and the lowest LP and UC (p<0.05). P4 was linked to an increased DMP and UC, while P3 to an increase in LP and decrease in PP and LnSCC. Both factors are important markers in herd management and have high influences on the herds economics. For 5 out of 7 traits the accuracy of prediction was improved by including the haplotype as a fixed effect. Conclusion: Presented results may suggest a new way to optimise breeding programmes and demonstrate the impact of using genomic data during that process.