bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Nonconsecutive Sessions of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Stationary Cycling on Walking Capacity in Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Rahimibarghani Sarvenaz , Azadvari Mohaddeseh , Emami-Razavi Seyede Zahra , Harirchian Mohammad Hossein , Rahimi-Dehgolan Shahram , Fateh Hamid R.
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

Exercise has been demonstrated to be safe and well-tolerated in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). Physical activity has been shown to enhance the therapeutic effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). This study aimed to determine the efficacy of intermittent tDCS combined with riding a stationary bicycle to improve walking capacity in individuals with MS.

METHODS

This double-blind randomized controlled trial enrolled 50 eligible participants. Thirty-nine participants completed the study: 21 in the active group and 18 in the control group. Participants were assigned randomly to exercise on a stationary bike in conjunction with anodal tDCS or to exercise combined with a sham tDCS protocol. Walking capacity tests (2-Minute Walk Test, 5-Meter Walk Test, Timed Up and Go test), manual muscle testing, the Fatigue Severity Scale, and the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life–54 were used to determine outcomes.

RESULTS

In terms of observed changes in 2-Minute Walk Test and 5-Meter Walk Test values, the exercise + tDCS group achieved significantly higher posttreatment values than the exercise + sham tDCS group. After the intervention and 1 month later, the intervention group's mean Timed Up and Go test value decreased significantly (P = .002) compared with that of the control group. There was no difference in Fatigue Severity Scale score, Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life–54 score, or manual muscle testing improvement between the 2 groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Nonconsecutive sessions of anodal tDCS combined with stationary cycling may have a greater effect on the walking capacity of individuals with MS than exercise alone
¿Has visto aquel viejo anuncio?
Authors:   Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Fernández-Ardèvol Mireia
Published: June 2022

Encuentras unos periódicos viejos deshaciendo cajas y es imposible no fijarse en aquellas fotos retro de los anuncios. Los móviles y los ordenadores portátiles, tecnología punta muy asociada a la modernidad, envejecen mal. Lo vemos en unos anuncios de 1996 que introducen la oficina móvil. Era una equipación sofisticada y cara que se lanzaba al mercado en un momento en el que los móviles eran minoritarios. En España, la penetración era inferior al 10 %, es decir, había menos de 10 líneas de móvil por cada 100 habitantes.
Carta de achamento do Brasil
Authors: Caminha Pero Vaz de
Published: June 2022

Escrita em maio de 1500 em Porto Seguro, Bahia, a carta do escrivão Pero Vaz de Caminha ao rei D. Manuel assemelha-se a um relato de viagem. Mais do que descrever a terra e a natureza, brevemente vistas durante os nove dias em que a frota de Pedro Álvares Cabral esteve no que viria a ser o Brasil, a narrativa é centrada nos povos indígenas, e as palavras de Caminha, hábil escritor, pintam imagens vívidas do que observou, pretendendo informar e maravilhar o seu interlocutor. A “Carta” nos surpreende com questões que até hoje, mais de 500 anos depois, permanecem agudamente presentes, tais como a ameaça da mineração aos povos indígenas, o direito à propriedade da terra e o apagamento de vozes não europeias. Nesta edição modernizada, uma introdução contextualiza a carta em seu tempo, destaca sua singularidade e aponta as apropriações culturais e políticas que dela se fizeram. As notas explicam o texto passo a passo, abrindo caminhos para uma interpretação atualizada e crítica.
Phase diagram prediction and high pressure melting characteristics of GaN
Authors: Lei Zhen-Shuai , Sun Xiao-Wei , Liu Zi-Jiang , Song Ting , Tian Jun-Hong ,   School of Mathematics and Physics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
Published: June 2022

The III-V compound semiconductor, GaN, has become an excellent semiconductor material for developing the high-frequency and high-power electronic devices because of its excellent characteristics, including large band width, high thermal conductivity and fast electron saturation rate, and has received extensive attention in recent years. However, the decomposition temperature of GaN is lower than the melting temperature, some of its fundamental properties, such as melting temperature and high temperature phase transition pressure, are still unclear, and so, now the investigation of fundamental properties dominates the whole process of this material from development to mature applications. In the present work, the classical molecular dynamics simulations combined with the first-principles calculations and lattice dynamics methods are adopted to predict the phase diagrams of GaN with wurtzite and rocksalt structures in a pressure range of 0–80 GPa. The phase transition pressures, 44.3 GPa and 45.9 GPa, obtained from the first-principles calculations and molecular dynamics simulations from wurtzite to rocksalt structure in GaN at zero temperature, are in agreement with the available experimental results (Sadovyi B, et al. 2020 Phys. Rev. B 102 235109). The melting temperature at 0 GPa is 2295 K obtained by extrapolating the GaN melting curve of the wurtzite structure. With the pressure increasing to 33.3 GPa, the melting curve of wurtzite structure in GaN intersects with the melting curve of rocksalt structure, and the melting temperatures of both structures increase with pressure increasing. It is found that GaN may have a superionic phase and the superionic phase transition occurs in the wurtzite structure at pressures greater than 2.0 GPa and temperatures above 2550 K, whereas the rocksalt structure undergoes a superionic phase transition at pressures and temperatures higher than 33.1 GPa and 4182 K, respectively, and both of the phase transition temperatures increase with pressure increasing. The slope of the phase boundary line of GaN is positive at high temperatures and gradually changes into a curve with a negative slope as the temperature decreases.
What is next in African neuroscience?
Authors: Donald Kirsten A , Maina Mahmoud , Patel Nilesh , Nguemeni Carine , Mohammed Wael , Abubakar Amina , Brown Matthew , Stoyanova Raliza , Welchman Andrew , Walker Natasha , Willett Alexis , Kariuki Symon M , Figaji Anthony , Stein Dan J , Ihunwo Amadi O , Daniels William , Newton Charles R
Published: June 2022

Working in Africa provides neuroscientists with opportunities that are not available in other continents. Populations in this region exhibit the greatest genetic diversity; they live in ecosystems with diverse flora and fauna; and they face unique stresses to brain health, including child brain health and development, due to high levels of traumatic brain injury and diseases endemic to the region. However, the neuroscience community in Africa has yet to reach its full potential. In this article we report the outcomes from a series of meetings at which the African neuroscience community came together to identify barriers and opportunities, and to discuss ways forward. This exercise resulted in the identification of six domains of distinction in African neuroscience: the diverse DNA of African populations; diverse flora, fauna and ecosystems for comparative research; child brain health and development; the impact of climate change on mental and neurological health; access to clinical populations with important conditions less prevalent in the global North; and resourcefulness in the reuse and adaption of existing technologies and resources to answer new questions. The article also outlines plans to advance the field of neuroscience in Africa in order to unlock the potential of African neuroscientists to address regional and global mental health and neurological problems.
Percutaneous Pulmonary Valvuloplasty by JOMIVA Balloon in Adults: Long Term Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital of Eastern India
Authors: Mishra Chandrakanta , Mishra Archana , Routray Satyanarayan
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Isolated pulmonary valve stenosis with intact ventricular septum constitutes the third most common congenital heart disease apart from Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) and Atrial Septal Defect (ASD). Percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty is an effective therapeutic alternative procedure of choice in severe valvular PS. Conventionally, the Mansfield balloon is being used worldwide for pulmonary valvuloplasty. Joseph Mitral Valvuloplasty (JOMIVA) balloon offers advantages of longer size, lower cost and its familiarity to use this balloon for mitral valvuloplasty in this institution since long. Aim: To assess the immediate and long-term results of Joseph Mitral Valvuloplasty (JOMIVA)balloon for Pulmonary valvuloplasty in isolated severe Pulmonary Stenosis (PS). Materials and Methods: This was a long term retrospective study conducted at the Cardiology Department of SCB Medical college and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India, where pulmonary valvuloplasty was performed using single JOMIVA balloon in 21 adults and adolescent patients. Clinical and Echocardiography (Echo) Doppler evaluation for restenosis and Pulmonary Regurgitation (PR) were assessed. All the cases were followedup serially in Outpatient Department (OPD) for 12 years in retrospect manner. Results: Data of total 21 participants (15 males and 6 females; mean age was 18.3±6.8 years) were analysed in the study. After pulmonary valvuloplasty, the median transvalvular gradient significantly decreased from 115 mmHg (interquartile range (IQR) 101-128 mmHg) to 46 mmHg (IQR 37-51 mmHg) (p-value<0.0001). Also, the right ventricular systolic pressure reduced significantly from 136 mmHg (IQR 122-148 mmHg) to 67 mmHg (IQR 57-71 mmHg) (p-value<0.0001). Catheterization Laboratory (Cath Lab) complications were transient and selflimiting. Mild to moderate (PR) was noted in all cases i.e., Grade I in 12 cases (57.1%) and Grade II in 9 cases (42.8%) which showed evidence of regression on follow-up. Neither significant restenosis nor significant PR (Grade III /IV) was observed during follow-up period of 12 years. Conclusion: Percutaneous valvuloplasty using JOMIVA Balloon, in case of severe valvular PS in adults, is a cost-effective procedure. It has excellent immediate results, and long-term incremental benefits was observed in this 12-year follow-up study
Effect of Fungal, Bacterial and Alkaline Augmentations on the Biogas Composition of Selected Plant-based Substrates
Authors: Nwachukwu Augusta Anuli , Ogbulie Toochukwu Ekwutosi , Nwigwe Harriet Chinyelu , Anyalogbu Ernest Anayochukwu , Anuforo Henry Uzoma
Published: June 2022

Lignocellulosic residues are interesting sources of renewable energy, if only their biomass recalcitrance could be reduced through appropriate pretreatment technologies and augmentations, to enhance anaerobic digestion. This study aimed at assessing the effects of bacterial, fungal and alkaline augmentations, on the biogas composition of selected plant-based substrates, namely: maize cob , rice straw and water hyacinth. Standard methods were adopted; the substrates were mechanically pretreated, loaded in single, dual and composite combinations, into five 54 L capacity metallic batch anaerobic digesters. Codigestion was encouraged with the addition of cow rumen waste. The set ups were allowed to run for 42 days under mesophilic conditions, while stirring daily. The biogas composition namely: methane, carbon IV oxide and hydrogen sulfide concentrations were measured on the 42nd day. The results showed that the composite with the combined treatments showed the highest concentration of methane (87%), followed by the composites with fungal augmentation (80%), bacterial (77%) and then alkaline (75%) augmentations. The least percentage of methane (9%) was recorded in the composite without treatment and no cow rumen waste added, which also had the highest percentages of hydrogen sulphide and carbon IV oxide. To improve the yield and quality of biogas generated from a lignocellulosic biomass, appropriate pretreatment strategies and augmentations are required.
Association of a Dominant T-Cell Clone in Peripheral Blood With Time to Systemic Treatment in Patients With Stage IB Mycosis Fungoides
Authors: Raychaudhuri Suravi , Charli-Joseph Yann , Huang Chiung-Yu , Mintz Michelle A. , Pincus Laura B. , Ai Weiyun Z.
Published: June 2022

This cohort study of data from 39 patients assesses whether the presence of a dominant T-cell receptor clone in peripheral blood is associated with time to systemic treatment in patients with stage IB mycosis fungoides.
Outcomes Associated With Combination Shaving and Cryosurgery Treatment in Patients With Keloid Scars
Authors: Artz Manon , Trimaille Alexandra , Labouche Anne , Kerfant Nathalie , Misery Laurent , Hu Weiguo
Published: June 2022

This cohort study assesses whether shaving of the keloid scar followed by cryosurgery is associated with decreased scar volume.
Achieving Superplastic Elongations in an AZ80 Magnesium Alloy Processed by High‐Pressure Torsion
Authors: Alsubaie Saad A. , Bazarnik Piotr , Huang Yi , Lewandowska Malgorzata , Langdon Terence G.
Published: June 2022

High‐pressure torsion (HPT) is a technique used successfully to refine the grains of an alloy to the submicrometer and nanometer scale. Grain refinement can improve the mechanical properties of magnesium alloys as well as enhancing its ductility and providing a potential for exhibiting superplastic behavior at elevated temperature. Research is conducted to process the AZ80 magnesium alloy by HPT at room temperature for different numbers of turns with the microstructures before and after HPT investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Vickers microhardness (Hv) tests. Subsequently, tensile specimens are cut from the processed disks and pulled in tension to failure at temperatures of 473, 523, and 573 K and at strain rates in the range from 1.4 × 10−4 to 1.4 × 10−1 s−1. The introduction of superplasticity in the HPT‐processed AZ80 is demonstrated for the first time with a maximum elongation of 645% at a testing temperature of 573 K. There is also evidence for low‐temperature superplasticity with an elongation of 423% at 473 K. The dominant mechanism for superplastic flow is grain boundary sliding with a strain rate sensitivity of m = 0.5 and an activation energy of Q = 73 kJ mol−1.
Stoichiometric Post‐Modification of Hydrogel Microparticles Dictates Neural Stem Cell Fate in Microporous Annealed Particle Scaffolds
Authors: Wilson Katrina L. , Pérez Sasha Cai Lesher , Naffaa Moawiah M. , Kelly Sean H. , Segura Tatiana
Published: June 2022

Microporous annealed particle (MAP) scaffolds are generated from assembled hydrogel microparticles (microgels). It has been previously demonstrated that MAP scaffold are porous, biocompatible, and recruit neural progenitor cells (NPCs) to the stroke cavity after injection into the stroke core. Here, the goal is to study NPC fate inside MAP scaffolds in vitro. To create plain microgels that can later be converted to contain different types of bioactivities, the inverse electron‐demand Diels–Alder reaction between tetrazine and norbornene is utilized, which allows the post‐modification of plain microgels stoichiometrically. As a result of adhesive peptide attachment, NPC spreading leads to contractile force generation which can be recorded by tracking microgel displacement. Alternatively, non‐adhesive peptide integration results in neurosphere formation that grows within the void space of MAP scaffolds. Although the formed neurospheres do not impose a contractile force on the scaffolds, they are seen to continuously transverse the scaffolds. It is concluded that MAP scaffolds  can be engineered to either promote neurogenesis or enhance stemness depending on the chosen post‐modifications of the microgels, which can be key in modulating their phenotypes in various applications in vivo.
Atomic and Electronic Manipulation of Robust Ferroelectric Polymorphs
Authors: Eshete Yonas Assefa , Kang Kyungrok , Kang Seunghun , Kim Yejin , Nguyen Phuong Lien , Cho Deok‐Yong , Kim Yunseok , Lee Jaekwang , Cho Suyeon , Yang Heejun
Published: June 2022

Polymorphism allows the symmetry of the lattice and spatial charge distributions of atomically thin materials to be designed. While various polymorphs for superconducting, magnetic, and topological states have been extensively studied, polymorphic control is a challenge for robust ferroelectricity in atomically thin geometries. Here, the atomic and electric manipulation of ferroelectric polymorphs in Mo1−xWxTe2 is reported. Atomic manipulation for polymorphic control via chemical pressure (substituting tungsten for molybdenum atoms) and charge density modulation can realize tunable polar lattice structures and robust ferroelectricity up to T = 400 K with a constant coercive field in an atomically thin material. Owing to the effective inversion symmetry breaking, the ferroelectric switching withstands a charge carrier density of up to 1.1 × 1013 cm−2, developing an original diagram for ferroelectric switching in atomically thin materials.
Nanomaterial‐Based Sensor Arrays With Deep Learning for Screening of Illicit Drugs
Authors: Yen Yao‐Te , Lin Yu‐Syuan , Chang Yin‐Jue , Li Ming‐Ta , Chyueh San‐Chong , Chang Huan‐Tsung
Published: June 2022

Rapid and accurate screening techniques are demanded for illicit drugs that have raised international tensions. Bovine serum albumin‐stabilized gold nanoclusters (BSA‐Au NCs), carbon dots (C dots), thiosalicylic acid‐stabilized silver nanoclusters (TA‐Ag NCs), and Marquis reagent as photoluminescent sensing probes for five common illicit drugs are demonstrated in this study. Cocaine, 4‐chloroethcathinone (4‐CEC), and ketamine induce different degrees of photoluminescence changes of BSA‐Au NCs, C dots, and TA‐Ag NCs. Detection of heroin and methamphetamine (MA) is based on their formation of fluorescence polymer particles with Marquis reagent. To provide a unique pattern for each analyte, 2 × 4 sensor arrays are prepared. A deep learning‐drug screening platform and system (DL‐DSPS) is established and applied to differentiate the five illicit drugs, each with unique code based on its response to the probes. For example, codes of (−1, −1, 1, 0), (0, −1, 1, 0), (0, 0, 1, 0), (0, 0, 1, 1), and (0, 0, 0, 1) are for 4‐CEC, cocaine, ketamine, heroin, and MA, respectively. The cost‐effective and compact DL‐DSPS is validated for screening of real‐world illicit drug samples, with results in good agreement with that from GC‐MS, showing its potential for multi‐drug screening at crime scenes.
Highly Scalable, Wearable Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Liu Limei , Martinez Pancorbo Pablo , Xiao Ting‐Hui , Noguchi Saya , Marumi Machiko , Segawa Hiroki , Karhadkar Siddhant , Gala de Pablo Julia , Hiramatsu Kotaro , Kitahama Yasutaka , Itoh Tamitake , Qu Junle , Takei Kuniharu , Goda Keisuke
Published: June 2022

The last two decades have witnessed a dramatic growth of wearable sensor technology, mainly represented by flexible, stretchable, on‐skin electronic sensors that provide rich information of the wearer's health conditions and surroundings. A recent breakthrough in the field is the development of wearable chemical sensors based on surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) that can detect molecular fingerprints universally, sensitively, and noninvasively. However, while their sensing properties are excellent, these sensors are not scalable for widespread use beyond small‐scale human health monitoring due to their cumbersome fabrication process and limited multifunctional sensing capabilities. Here, a highly scalable, wearable SERS sensor is demonstrated based on an easy‐to‐fabricate, low‐cost, ultrathin, flexible, stretchable, adhesive, and biointegratable gold nanomesh. It can be fabricated in any shape and worn on virtually any surface for label‐free, large‐scale, in situ sensing of diverse analytes from low to high concentrations (10–106 × 10−9 m). To show the practical utility of the wearable SERS sensor, the sensor is tested for the detection of sweat biomarkers, drugs of abuse, and microplastics. This wearable SERS sensor represents a significant step toward the generalizability and practicality of wearable sensing technology.
Recent Patterning Methods for Halide Perovskite Nanoparticles
Authors: Han Jeong Woo , Hwang Seung Hwan , Seol Myeong Jin , Kim Soo Young
Published: June 2022

Halide perovskites emerge as attractive materials because of their superior optical and optoelectrical properties. Patterned perovskites are useful because they can maximize the optical and electronic properties of perovskites to thereby enhance optoelectronic devices. However, halide perovskite patterning devices are limited by their instability (caused by lattice strain) and ionic properties (e.g., halide migration). Moreover, it is very difficult to pattern perovskites using common photolithography methods. Researchers have tried to overcome these obstacles by searching for templates or avoiding photoresists or direct patterning techniques. In this article, research into perovskite patterning methods that do not use conventional photolithography is reviewed, and a roadmap for direct optical perovskite patterning research is suggested.
Surface Wrinkling versus Global Buckling Instabilities in Thin Film‐Substrate Systems under Biaxial Loading: Direct 3D Numerical Simulations
Authors: Nikravesh Siavash , Ryu Donghyeon , Shen Yu‐Lin
Published: June 2022

When a thin film bonded to a compliant substrate is subject to in‐plane compressive loading, wrinkles on the thin film may form as a consequence of deformation instability. The specimen geometry may also favor global buckling. In this study, a recently developed computational approach is employed to directly simulate 3D wrinkling and buckling from pre‐instability to post‐instability in a straightforward manner, covering a wide biaxial loading spectrum. The finite element models contain an embedded imperfection with perturbed material properties at the film‐substrate interface. This approach is capable of activating the first and subsequent bifurcation modes, along with the deformation patterns in between. It is demonstrated that, in addition to the temporal evolution of wrinkle patterns, surface wrinkling and global buckling can form simultaneously as the substrate becomes thinner. Wrinkles and buckle can either co‐develop, or the buckling‐induced curvature may help facilitate wrinkle formation depending on the specimen thickness and loading biaxiality. Different wrinkle patterns, such as parallel waveform and checkerboard, can even coexist on the same buckled structure. The state of biaxiality can influence the deformation instability significantly, and each bifurcation point can be traced back to certain abrupt changes in the overall load–displacement response.
The behavioral phenotype of Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome: A scoping review of the literature
Authors: Awan Neelam , Pearson Effie , Shelley Lauren , Greenhill Courtney , Tarver Joanne , Waite Jane
Published: June 2022

Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome (RTS) is a rare genetic syndrome associated with growth delay, phenotypic facial characteristics, microcephaly, developmental delay, broad thumbs, and big toes. Most research on RTS has focused on the genotype and physical phenotype; however, several studies have described behavioral, cognitive, social, and emotional characteristics, elucidating the behavioral phenotype of RTS. The reporting of this review was informed by PRISMA guidelines. A systematic search of CINAHL, Medline, and PsychINFO was carried out in March 2021 to identify group studies describing behavioral, cognitive, emotional, psychiatric, and social characteristics in RTS. The studies were quality appraised. Characteristics reported include repetitive behavior, behaviors that challenge, intellectual disability, mental health difficulties, autism characteristics, and heightened sociability. Findings were largely consistent across studies, indicating that many characteristics are likely to form part of the behavioral phenotype of RTS. However, methodological limitations, such as a lack of appropriate comparison groups and inconsistency in measurement weaken these conclusions. There is a need for multi‐disciplinary studies, combining genetic and psychological measurement expertise within single research studies. Recommendations are made for future research studies in RTS.
Lysosome Interference Enabled by Proton‐Driven Dynamic Assembly of DNA Nanoframeworks inside Cells
Authors: Dong Yuhang , Li Feng , Lv Zhaoyue , Li Shuai , Yuan Meihe , Song Nachuan , Liu Jinqiao , Yang Dayong
Published: June 2022

Coupling materials chemistry systems to biological processes is a promising way to rationally modulate lysosomal functions. A proton‐driven dynamic assembly of a DNA nanoframework inside cells coupled with the lysosome‐mediated endocytosis pathways/lysosomal maturation, gives the rational modulation of lysosomal functions, which we term “lysosome interference”. Through lysosome‐mediated endocytosis, the DNA nanoframework with acid‐responsive semi‐i‐motif enters the lysosome and assembles into an aggregate in a process triggered by lysosomal acidity. The aggregate is suitable for long‐term retention. The consumption of protons resulted in lysosomal acidity reduction and hydrolase activity attenuation, thus hindering the degradation of nucleic acid drugs in the lysosome and improving gene silencing effects. This study shows a new way to achieve lysosome interference by coupling the subcellular microenvironment with a precisely programmable assembly system.
Pure Hydrocarbon Materials as Highly Efficient Host for White Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes: A New Molecular Design Approach
Authors: Kong Fan‐Cheng , Zhang Yuan‐Lan , Quinton Cassandre , McIntosh Nemo , Yang Sheng‐Yi , Rault‐Berthelot Joëlle , Lucas Fabien , Brouillac Clément , Jeannin Olivier , Cornil Jérôme , Jiang Zuo‐Quan , Liao Liang‐Sheng , Poriel Cyril
Published: June 2022

To date, all efficient host materials reported for phosphorescent OLEDs (PhOLEDs) are constructed with heteroatoms, which have a crucial role in the device performance. However, it has been shown in recent years that the heteroatoms not only increase the design complexity but can also be involved in the instability of the PhOLED, which is nowadays the most important obstacle to overcome. Herein, we design pure aromatic hydrocarbon materials (PHC) as very efficient hosts in high‐performance white and blue PhOLEDs. With EQE of 27.7 %, the PHC‐based white PhOLEDs display similar efficiency as the best reported with heteroatom‐based hosts. Incorporated as a host in a blue PhOLED, which are still the weakest links of the technology, a very high EQE of 25.6 % is reached, surpassing, for the first time, the barrier of 25 % for a PHC and FIrpic blue emitter. This performance shows that the PHC strategy represents an effective alternative for the future development of the OLED industry.
Zinc(II)‐facilitated nucleophilic addition on N‐(4‐chlorophenyl) carbon hydrazonoyl dicyanide and hybrid complex formation: X‐ray, spectral characteristics, DFT, molecular docking, and biological studies
Authors: Elbadawy Hemmat A. , Ali Ali El‐Dissouky , Elkashef Amany Assem , Foro Sabine , El‐Sayed Doaa S.
Published: June 2022

The isolated crystalline, N‐(4‐chlorophenyl) carbonohydrazonoyl dicyanide, NCCD, showed a unique behavior in the presence of zinc ions, ethanol, and H2O. The product was proved to be a two‐unit complex consisting of coordinated zinc(II) complex part, bis‐(1‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐2‐(1‐cyano‐2‐ethoxy‐2‐iminoethylidene)hydrazin‐1‐ide)zinc(II), Zn (CEIH)2, and a coupled modified organic part, 4‐amino‐N‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐5‐((4‐chlorophenyl)diazen‐yl)‐6‐ethoxypyrimidine‐2‐carbohydrazonoyl cyanide (ACDPC). Such behavior may be attributed to the activity of nitrile groups in NCCD and the zinc(II) catalytic power in aqueous media. The structures of the products were confirmed by elemental analysis and single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The spectral properties were analyzed by studying FTIR, UV–Visible, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and XPS. Moreover, computational calculations including DFT were applied to the synthesized compounds to estimate their optimized structure and deduce some quantum parameters. The FTIR, UV–Visible, and NMR data were compared with the calculated results, showing a good agreement. Molecular docking was applied to study the interaction of NCCD and GNB‐selected protein targets for Escherichia coli (ID: 5I39) and Proteus vagaries (ID: 6QF6). The isolated compounds were investigated as antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer agents showing variable activities. The NCCD showed a higher impact as an antimicrobial and anticancer agent, whereas the zinc complex showed better antioxidant behavior using DPPH radical scavenging activity test.
Recent developments in phase‐change memory
Authors: Ehrmann Andrea , Blachowicz Tomasz , Ehrmann Guido , Grethe Thomas
Published: June 2022

Phase‐change memory (PCM) belongs to the nonvolatile solid‐state memory techniques. Usually, a chalcogenide is sandwiched between two conductive electrodes and data are stored by setting each cell to a low‐resistance (crystalline) or a high‐resistance (amorphous) state. Switching between these states is relatively fast, which makes phase‐change random access memories (PCRAMs) highly interesting for nonvolatile memories. Multilevel cells, which can store more than 1 bit per cell, and multilayer high‐density memory arrays have also been reported as advantages of PCRAM. Writing currents and data retention, on the other hand, still show potential for optimization. This review gives an overview of the most recent developments in new material compositions and material‐related optimization of PCM in comparison with already produced PCM.
Rectilinear elements of visual optical double stars: With application to the 1829 southern double star catalogue of James Dunlop
Authors: Letchford Roderick R. , White Graeme L. , Brown Carolyn J.
Published: June 2022

The relative Rectilinear motion of optical double stars provides an important clue to the relationship of the components. We provide an objective method of confirming the optical status of double stars, and of obtaining unbiased rectilinear elements solely on data obtained from the HIPPARCOS and Gaia DR2 space missions. We apply this technique to determine the rectilinear elements of 14 optical double stars from the southern double star catalogue of James Dunlop. The resultant uncertainties are, on average, an order of magnitude smaller than the method currently used.
The development and validation of The Social Referencing Observation Scale as a screening instrument for autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Lubomirska Anna , Eldevik Sigmund , Eikeseth Svein , Riis Stephan , Budzińska Anna
Published: June 2022

The Social Referencing Observation Scale (SoROS) was developed to assess social referencing behaviors and as a screening instrument to identify children at risk of autism spectrum disorder. It is quick and easy for preschool teachers to administer. The instrument assesses social referencing behaviors in three different scenarios, where the administrator expresses fear, pain, and joy. The participants were 56 children with autism and 204 typically developing children aged between 2.6 and 5 years. The inter‐rater agreement was high, and we found significant differences in scores between the autism spectrum disorder group and the group of typically developing children. The SoROS predicted an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis with excellent sensitivity and specificity. More research is needed with a larger and more diverse group of children.
Procedural generation of virtual pavilions via a deep convolutional generative adversarial network
Authors: Chen Ziwei , Lyu Desheng
Published: June 2022

Virtual pavilions can help spread culture and bring fun. A virtual pavilion needs a designed map, and terrain editors then manually layout each part of it. Procedural content generation via machine learning can quickly generate virtual pavilion maps to assist in virtual pavilion design. This article proposes adding a self‐attention module to some commonly used deep convolutional generative adversarial networks to generate virtual pavilion maps. A three‐dimensional(3D) virtual pavilion is built based on these maps, and interactive features are added to make it more experiential. Then the improved and original networks are mainly evaluated in generating maps that are solvable and similar to the training data for finding the best generator. The evaluation results show that our improved methods always perform better on each metric, and the WGAN with a self‐attention module is what we need.
Targeting CXCR4 to suppress glioma‐initiating cells and chemoresistance in glioma
Authors: Wu Yao , Hu Yu , Tang Lingli , Yin Senlin , Lv Liang , Zhou Peizhi
Published: June 2022

Glioma initiating cells (GICs), also known as glioma stem cells, display the capacity to recapitulate the functional diversity within the tumor. Despite the great progress achieved over the last decades, defining the key molecular regulators of GICs has represented a major obstacle in this field. In our study, data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database illustrated a relationship between C‐X‐C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) expression and the survival of glioma patients. Mechanistically, we further indicated that CXCR4 mediated the upregulation of Kruppel like factor 5 (KLF5), a zinc‐finger‐containing transcription factor, to facilitate the proliferation of GICs. What's more, CXCR4 also enhanced the chemoresistance through KLF5/Bcl2‐like 12 (BCl2L12) in glioma. The elevated expression of KLF5 and BCL2L12 induced by CXCR4 was dependent on phosphoinositide 3‐kinases (PI3K)/serine/threonine kinase (AKT) signaling. Importantly, combined application of temozolomide and a CXCR4 inhibitor efficiently reversed CXCR4 mediated drugs resistance and improved anticancer effects in vivo. Collectively, our findings confirmed that CXCR4 promoted GICs proliferation via the KLF5/BCL2L12 dependent pathway, which may enrich the understanding of GICs and help drive the design of efficacious therapeutic strategies.
Risk factors for in‐stent restenosis after vertebral artery stenting of V1 segment: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Guo Julong , Ning Yachan , Wu Sensen , Zhang Fan , Li Yang , Xu Zeqin , Guo Lianrui , Gu Yongquan
Published: June 2022

Objective

In‐stent restenosis (ISR) remains a challenge in the treatment of vertebral artery V1 segment stenosis. The aim of this meta‐analysis is to identify the risk factors of ISR.

Methods

Studies eligible for inclusion criteria were found in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. Data related to risk factors of ISR were extracted from the included studies, and pooled analysis was performed when data of the same factor were available in ≥2 studies. Dichotomous outcomes were analyzed with odds ratios (OR) and continuous outcomes were analyzed with a weighted mean difference (WMD). The Stata 14.0 program was used for the meta‐analysis.

Results

A total of 11 studies involving 1356 patients were included in our analysis. Pooled analyses showed that younger age (p = 0.01; WMD= −1.958; 95% confidence interval [CI], −3.453 to −0.463) and V1 tortuosity (p = 0.004; OR = 4.145; 95% CI, 1.56–11.012) significantly associated with higher risk of ISR in V1 segment stenting. While bare‐metal stents, stent diameter and length, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and smoking were not found to increase ISR rates.

Conclusions

This meta‐analysis showed that young age and V1 tortuosity increase the ISR rates after vertebral V1 segment stenting.
Nothing is ever so good that it cannot stand a little revision: The advance of WATCHMAN iterations
Authors: Tarantini Giuseppe , Cardaioli Francesco
Published: June 2022

Key Points

The new Watchman FLX is characterized by some new features which should potentially improve its deliverability and versatility.

The present study seems to confirm this progress, even if some differences between all‐comers registries and randomized controlled trials' populations have to be taken into account.

While waiting for further randomized head‐to‐head comparisons, the new Watchman FLX seems to have gained a primary role in this field.
Green Preparation of CNTs/Graphite Supported NiFe Carbonate Hydroxides for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Liu Yang , Wang Yangchen , Wen He , Han Yuqi , Deng Shuwei
Published: June 2022

Developing durable and highly active non‐noble electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is highly desirable for water splitting. Herein, we report a NiFe carbonate hydroxides embedded in a carbon nanotubes and graphite composite material (NiFe CHs‐CNT/G) by a facile and green precipitation method. The NiFe CHs are in‐situ grown on CNT/G using NH3⋅H2O as precipitant and CO2 in air as the source of CO32− under room temperature and pressure. The introduction of CNT/G not only improves the conductivity of material, but also enhances the combination of CNT/G and NiFe CHs nanosheets, thereby accelerating the transfer of electrons and reactants. Meanwhile, the catalyst with a special sandwich morphology provides larger active area to expose more active sites. Moreover, the effective interaction within the Ni and Fe in NiFe CHs‐CNT/G is benefiting for improving OER performance. All these lead to the optimized NiFe CHs‐CNT/G catalyst delivers an outstanding OER performance with a low overpotential of 300 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope of 60.13 mV dec−1.
A Happy Get‐Together – Probing Electrochemical Interfaces by Non‐Linear Vibrational Spectroscopy
Authors: De Ratnadip , Dietzek‐Ivanšić Benjamin
Published: June 2022

Electrochemical interfaces are key structures in energy storage and catalysis. Hence, a molecular understanding of the active sites at these interfaces, their solvation, the structure of adsorbates, and the formation of solid‐electrolyte interfaces are crucial for an in‐depth mechanistic understanding of their function. Vibrational sum‐frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy has emerged as an operando spectroscopic technique to monitor complex electrochemical interfaces due to its intrinsic interface sensitivity and chemical specificity. Thus, this review discusses the happy get‐together between VSFG spectroscopy and electrochemical interfaces. Methodological approaches for answering core issues associated with the behavior of adsorbates on electrodes, the structure of solvent adlayers, the transient formation of reaction intermediates, and the emergence of solid electrolyte interphase in battery research are assessed to provide a critical inventory of highly promising avenues to bring optical spectroscopy to use in modern material research in energy conversion and storage.
Chemoselective Acylation of Nucleosides
Authors: Tang Yu , Grange Rebecca L. , Engl Oliver D. , Miller Scott J.
Published: June 2022

Acylated nucleoside analogues play an important role in medicinal chemistry and are extremely useful precursors to various other nucleoside analogues. However, chemoselective acylation of nucleosides usually requires several protection and deprotection steps due to the competing nucleophilicity of hydroxy and amino groups. In contrast, direct protecting‐group‐free chemoselective acylation of nucleosides is a preferred strategy due to lower cost and fewer overall synthetic steps. Herein, a simple and efficient chemoselective acylation of nucleosides and nucleotides under mild reaction conditions, giving either O‐ or N‐acylated products respectively with excellent chemoselectivity is reported.
As few as five TTF1 positive cells in pleural effusions may provide comprehensive genomic information for single cell sequencing
Authors: Chandra Ashish
Published: June 2022

The presence of cells from metastatic lung adenocarcinoma in an effusion suggests Stage IV disease, which carries an unfavorable prognosis. Techniques such as single‐cell sequencing that offer therapeutic options are very welcome news for these patients.
A Reference‐Scaled Average Bioequivalence Study of Azithromycin Tablets Manufactured in China and the United States: An Open‐Label, Randomized, Single‐Dose, 3‐Way Crossover Study in Healthy Chinese Subjects Under Fasted and Fed Conditions
Authors: Ge Beikang , Li Cuiyun , Wei Hua , Ding Yanhua , Wu Min , Liu Yuwang , Zhang Kaiting , Peng Ao
Published: June 2022

Azithromycin (Zithromax) is an azalide antibiotic that binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit of the susceptible organism and thereby interferes with its protein synthesis. An open‐label, randomized, single‐dose, 3‐way crossover bioequivalence study was conducted to compare the rate and extent of absorption of the azithromycin 250‐mg tablet manufactured at Pfizer Dalian (China) and that at Pfizer Barceloneta (United States) under fasted and fed conditions in healthy Chinese subjects. This study aimed to support a generic consistency evaluation program, initiated by the National Medical Products Administration, for evaluating the quality and efficacy of the products manufactured in China. In the study, the within‐subject standard deviation for area under the serum concentration–time profile from time 0 to 72 hours after dosing in the fasted condition was <0.294, and the 90%CI for the ratio was within 80% to 125%; the within‐subject SDs for serum peak concentration in the fasted condition, area under the serum concentration–time profile from time 0 to 72 hours after dosing in the fed condition, and serum peak concentration in the fed condition, were all >0.294, with the upper confidence bounds being <0.00, and the point estimates of the ratios being within 80% to 125%. The results support the bioequivalence between azithromycin tablets manufactured in China and the United States in fasted and fed conditions, with both tablets showing an acceptable safety/tolerability profile in the studied population.
Vulnerability cloud: A novel approach to assess the vulnerability of critical infrastructure systems
Authors: Meng Lingpeng , Yao Xiaobo , Chen Qian , Han Chuanfeng
Published: June 2022

Critical infrastructures provide citizens with lifeline functions such as water, electricity and energy and so forth. These interdependent infrastructure systems require reliable models for vulnerability measurement and topological controllability against usual disruptions and unusual hazards. This article proposes a novel approach, named vulnerability cloud, to describe vulnerability distribution and assess the vulnerability of critical infrastructure systems. A vulnerability distribution network is developed for simulation of negative impact on each node, with which the results are represented in vulnerability cloud by three metrics of vulnerability. The vulnerability cloud of single‐service and multiservice infrastructure system are proposed, respectively. This approach is applied to a case study of “electric‐gas” interdependent critical infrastructure system. Results show that a node's vulnerability and serviceability is closely related to the node's degree, especially the out‐degree, while overall system's vulnerability is greatly affected by descent rate of coverage of each infrastructural service node. This approach, at the same time, generates probabilistic simulation diagrams to show continuous vulnerability distribution in areas covered by the specified critical infrastructure systems.
Application analysis of digital fund prediction model based on neural network
Authors: Liu Yu , Xiao Jing
Published: June 2022

With the development of the economy, digital funds have developed rapidly, and traditional big data processing technologies have been unable to effectively solve the update of digital funds information. This research uses neural network to study the digital fund forecasting model based on big data technology and deep learning algorithm. First, on the basis of the feedforward neural network model, the network structure and network parameters are optimized to effectively improve the algorithm's ability to learn the characteristics of digital capital information. Through the first‐order approximation, the number of iterations in the model parameter update is effectively reduced, and the computational efficiency of the algorithm is improved. By improving the model network structure, increasing the number of neurons in the hidden layer, and improving the dynamic change learning ability of the algorithm, the dynamic characteristics of the incremental file information can be effectively obtained. Through the experimental simulation calculation, it can be seen that compared with the traditional algorithm, the algorithm proposed in this study has certain advantages in terms of convergence speed, convergence ability and solution error, and the algorithm has good stability and strong inheritance, and is suitable for digital capital forecasting aspects of research.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Oxidative α‐keto‐Dichlorination of Arylalkynes by CuCl2 at Room Temperature
Authors: Pramod Charpe Vaibhav , Gupta Mahima , Chu Hwang Kuo
Published: June 2022

A visible light‐induced oxidative α‐keto‐dichlorination of terminal and internal aryl alkynes was developed to form dichloroacetophenones (DCAPs) and dichlorophenyl‐acetophenones (DCPAPs), respectively, by using CuCl2 as a photoredox catalyst in the presence of air at room temperature (without using any exogenous photocatalyst). Here, photoexcited CuCl2 underwent ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer to generate a Cl radical, which readily added to the alkynes to form DCAPs or DCPAPs in the presence of O2. This α‐keto‐dichlorination reaction is a green and mild protocol as it produced water as the only by‐product. Moreover, the evaluation of green chemistry metrics indicated that the E‐factor (mass of wastes/mass of products) of the current α‐keto‐chlorination method is around 10.1 times lower than that of a literature‐reported photochemical method. The Eco Scale value (score 55, which on a scale of 0–100 indicates an acceptable synthesis) signifies that this process is simple, highly efficient, eco‐friendly, and cost‐effective.
Prognostic implication and immunological value of contactin 1 expression in pan‐cancer
Authors: Zhang Lingyun , Zhang Jiayu , Liu Tianshu , Zhang Jinguo , Cui Yuehong
Published: June 2022

Objective

Contactin 1 (CNTN1) is associated with developing the cancer progression and nervous system. Although increasing evidence suggests a crucial role for CNTN1 in many research areas, it is still no detailed systematic analysis of CNTN1 and the human pan‐cancer spectrum. Here, our purpose is to make a thorough investigation of CNTN1 properties across pan‐cancer types.

Methods

CNTN1 mRNA expression and genomic alteration were dissected by GTEX, TCGA, and the cBioPortal database. CNTN1 expression in human organic tissues was performed via human multiple organ tissue microarrays. Furthermore, the correlations between CNTN1 and survival periods, clinical characteristics, and immune‐associated cells infiltration were performed through the TCGA database. Additionally, GSEA was carried out to delve into the biological actions of CNTN1 in pan‐cancer.

Results

We discovered that CNTN1 expression was abnormal in pan‐cancer expression analysis and could predict the survival period of cancers. The primary alteration type of CNTN1 was a genomic mutation. In addition, the aberrant CNTN1 expression was found to be related to MSI, MMR, and TMB in pan‐cancer. CNTN1 was significantly related to the infiltration of immune‐associated cells in certain kinds of cancer through the ESTIMATE algorithm and TIMER database. In particular, the cancer‐associated fibroblasts indicate a negative regulation of the tumor immune microenvironment. Next, we found the most frequent signaling pathway of CNTN1 in human pan‐cancer was neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction from GSEA analysis.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the investigation highlights the predictive function of CNTN1 in human pan‐cancer and affords novel insights for drawing a landscape of CNTN1 in tumorigenesis and immune regulation.