bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ELM sputter erosion modeling of a tungsten coated small angle slot divertor in DIII-D
Authors: Brooks J.N. , Sizyuk T. , Sinclair G. , Abrams T. , Hassanein A.
Published: December 2022

We modeled plasma edge localized mode (ELM) sputter erosion for a Small Angle Slot divertor with a tungsten coated region (SAS-VW), designed for experiments in the DIII-D tokamak, and proposed for use in future advanced tokamaks. The simulations use a free-streaming, 1000 eV, C+6 and D+1 ELM impingement model, with SOLPS-ITER, ITMC-DYN, and REDEP/WBC code packages for background plasma, material response, and erosion/redeposition respectively. The results show ELM’ing plasma gross and net tungsten erosion fluxes of the mixed-material C/W surface peaking at the slot entrance region, and an order of magnitude higher than for non-ELMs. The per-pulse erosion, however, remains low, of order 0.5 nm, due to expected moderate ELM frequencies and duration in DIII-D. The ELMs result in a ∼25x higher peak sputtered W current leaving the divertor slot region, towards the core plasma, compared to the ELM-free plasma case. The time-integrated escape current, however, may not significantly affect core plasma high-Z contamination concerns, for a 1% ELM duty factor, but may be an issue for higher frequency ELMs. In general, the modeling results appear favorable for effective testing of the SAS-VW divertor in DIII-D, and extrapolation to innovative divertor designs in future ITER-like and DEMO fusion devices.
The Differences of sensory quality in kimchi from Korea and Indonesia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Teiseran Anastasia Audrey Umriso , Cicilia  , Natalia Paula , Christian Vinnca Natalia , Miharti Yan , Rukmini Elisabeth
Published: December 2022

Kimchi is a traditional Korean fermented food made from mixed vegetables and unique ingredients. Kimchi is a functional food with a probiotic effect that gives consumers health benefits, especially on the intestines. This literature review aimed to determine the differences in sensory quality of kimchi products in South Korea and Indonesia. We performed a systematic literature review using search engines: Google Scholar, NCBI, Science Direct, Neliti, and Research Gate to search for articles. The number of articles we found for this systematic review is 21 articles. In conclusion, the sensory of Kimchi between Indonesia and Korea can be affected by five factors: (1) metabolic production of lactic acid bacteria, (2) food starter, including type of vegetables and other seafood, (3) salt and salting process, (4) spices, including capsaicinoids,gojugaru, and (5) Fermentation time. The taste of Kimchi from Indonesia is less spicy and less acidic compared to Korean Kimchi. Kimchi from Korea is spicier because Korean Kimchi containsgochugaruthat can affect the spiciness. Kimchi in Korea is sourer and has a softer texture because Korea has a longer fermentation time than Indonesia. The Kimchi produced in Indonesia is less acidic because the Indonesian salt concentration is higher, which affect the acidity of Kimchi and the texture is harder than Korean Kimchi.
Measurement of quality non-specific and specific-parameters of 70% ethanol extract and simplicia from cascara coffee robusta (Coffea canephora L.) and its potency as antioxidant.
Authors: Utami N F , Elya B , Hayun  , Kusmardi
Published: December 2022

Cascara coffee robusta (Coffea canephora L.) has been previously studied and has been reported to have biological activity with potential antibacterial and antioxidant effects. The ethanol extracts of cascara coffee robusta contained secondary metabolites: flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids and tannins. Measuring the quality of natural ingredients is an important means of maintaining the quality and safety of natural medicines. The purpose of the research was to measure the quality of non-specific and specific-parameters of extract and 70% ethanol and simplicia from cascara robusta coffee and evaluate its antioxidant activity. Material and Methods: Samples were soaking with ethanol 70% and evaluated for antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. Results: The results showed that the specific parameters have the same organoleptic properties as simplicia and a 70% ethanol extract of cascara coffee robusta are dark brown, characteristic odor, slightly bitter taste. Water soluble and ethanol soluble 70% ethanol extract of cascara has a total content of 51.98% ± 0.31 and 68.36% ± 1.74. Phytochemical screening results for 70% ethanol extract and simplicial of cascara coffee robusta include alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, steroids, and tannins. Non-specific parameters of cascara coffee robusta simplicia; total water content of 3.26% ± 0.44; Total ash 4.91% ± 0.16; acid-insoluble ash 0.55% ± 0.33; <1.0 x 100 CFU / gr fungal and yeast contamination; <1.0 x 100 CFU / gr microbial contamination. Non-specific parameters of cascara coffee robusta extract; total water content of 3.55% ± 0.57; total ash of 6.15% ± 0.00; total acid-insoluble ash 0.23% ± 0.02; <1.0 x 10^0 CFU / gr fungal and yeast contamination; <1.0 x 10^0 CFU / gr microbial contamination. Ability the antioxidant activity was demonstrated by the IC50 values of simplicia and the extract, ie 55.14 ± 1.90 μg/mL simplicia and 57.40±0.29 μg/mL extract. Conclusions: Statistical tests show that there is no difference between the values of specific, non-specific parameters and their antioxidant capacity of simplicia and the extract, and all parameters follow standard procedures as a reference requirements. Showed that it meets.
Traceability system for lobsters supply chain: a review finding and method
Authors: Elfiana N , Sulaiman I , Yusriana
Published: December 2022

The traceability system is the ability to trace a product that was developed by a producer to meet consumers’ requirements on origin of its. In recent years, the result of traceability system research has increased significantly, mostly in the fisheries supply chain. At the first, research on traceability systems focused on fisheries products due to antibiotic contamination in the early 1990s. The objective of this paper is to obtain a mapping of traceability system research has done and to analyze its benefit of it for the future. In two decades, the development of this topic is very quick including the seafood supply chain. In this paper, the traceability system was mapped by three aspects, namely based on commodities, method and tracing level, and at the final step, we review the traceability of lobster commodity which is focused on the value chain that influences its quality. Future work of this research was analyzed as our contribution.
A review of a smart coffee roaster: electronics, design, and artificial intelligence
Authors: Wibowo J W , Munandar A , Mahendra O , Josary J V , Ningrum D I S , Sejati B
Published: December 2022

Coffee is one of the most common and favorite beverages that many people have been consuming around the world. A smart coffee roaster uses a smart sensor and controller to operate the roaster and to get the best consistency and also accuracy of the resulting roasted coffee. The current paper discusses the electricity, design, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) needed to make the best version of a smart coffee roaster. The electronic system consists of a sensor, controller, and actuator. Sound and temperature sensors are the ones that are used within the device; meanwhile, the most commonly used controller is a microcontroller. Actuators are the driving motors of the roaster drum. Ergonomic, aesthetic, and user comfort are the primary keys needed to make a good design. The AI application detects the ripeness of the coffee seeds and the “crack” sound detection. Based on the comparison of previous studies that have been done before, readers are expected to identify the required needs of specifications within a smart coffee roaster.
Innovative bolted-steel box for seismic-resistant dry-precast concrete beam-column connection
Authors: Kurniawan Prasetya Donny , Tavio
Published: December 2022

Currently, many buildings are constructed with precast concrete methods. However, they still use the cast in-situ method, especially for the beam and column connection system where there are some obstacles in the casting process and the possibility of installing the reinforcement bars on site not following the design. Hence, there is potential for structural failure in that part of the connection. To reduce the connection constraints, it is proposed that the method of connecting precast concrete with an innovative connection system that is simple, lightweight, fast in the manufacturing process, can be constructed quickly and effectively on-site, and easily meets the specifications of connection quality. This proposed type of connection is a dry joint type that only uses bolts for the connection system with steel box components. This study will prove that the dry joint system can receive the moment and shear load due to earthquakes still in the elastic phase, not experiencing plasticity. The concept of connection planning does not change the concept of the Special Moment Frame System which applies the concept of Strong Column Weak Beam and Plastic Hinges. The connection is ensured in strong conditions, there is no yielding and damage at the time of a large earthquake, so the failure is not in the connection but occurs in the precast concrete block element that is at the end of the beam outside the planned connection in flexural failure with ductile behavior, not shear failure.
Effect of Fermentation with The Addition of Yeast Tape on The Sensory Quality of Gayo Arabica Coffee
Authors: Assayuti M , Fadhil R , Erika C
Published: December 2022

This research has a purpose to evaluate the impact of fermentation with the addition of tape yeast affected the sensory quality of Gayo arabica coffee. The coffee processing process is accomplished naturally anaerobically with a dose of yeast addition tape of 0, 10, 30, and 60 grams. The attributes evaluated by the certified panelists were acidity, aftertaste, fragrance, flavor, body, sweetness, uniformity, clean cup, balance, defect, and overalls. The results revealed that fermentation with yeast additions of 0 grams and 10 grams did not significantly impact the sensory arabica coffee Gayo’s quality. The addition of 30 grams and 60 grams of yeast tape shows a noticeable difference in the resulting sensory quality.
Non-destructive measurement of malic acid content of sapodilla fruit using visible near infrared (VisNIR) spectroscopy with variations in storage temperature
Authors: Rahmia D N , Pratiwi E Z D , Pahlawan M F R , Amanah H Z , Masithoh R E
Published: December 2022

Sapodilla fruit (Manilkara zapota) is a climacteric fruit having a short shelf life. To extend shelf life, cold temperature storage is often used. During storage, one of the parameters that could change is malic acid. Malic acid can be measured non-destructively using visible-near infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy. However, measurement using VisNIR spectroscopy has limitations, one of which is the sensitivity of the instrument towards temperature. The temperature of the fruit influences VisNIR spectral data, therefore prediction of malic acid using VisNIR is challenging. This study was conducted to study fruit temperature effect on the malic acid measurement of sapodilla fruit using VisNIR spectroscopy. Partial least square regression (PLSR) combined with spectral preprocess (Savitzky-Golay smoothing, normalization, Savitzky-Golay 1st & 2nd derivatives, standard normal variate (SNV), detrending, and multiple scattering correction (MSC) was used to build calibration model. Fruits were stored in three storage temperature i.e. 8°C, 13°C, and 29°C. Spectra of fruit were taken directly after stored in cold condition and after immersed in a water bath at 30°C to obtain normal temperature. Calibration models were built using cold temperature spectra at 8°C and 13°C and normal temperature spectra at 8°C, 13°C, and 29°C.

Determination of calibration coefficient (R²c) of fruits measured in cold condition after stored at 8°C and 13°C were 0.89 and 0.87 obtained using MSC spectra. R²c of fruits measured after submersed in a water-bath after stored at 8°C and 13°C were 0.88 and 0.87 obtained using detrending and MSC spectra. Moreover, R²c of fruit stored in room temperature of 29°C was 0.92 obtained using mean normalization spectra. In general, PLSR models for determination malic acid of sapodilla were not significantly different between spectra of fruits which were cold and were heated to normal temperature. However, the PLSR model was the highest for fruits stored in room temperature (29°C). The results showed the potency of VisNIR spectroscopy for malic acid determination of sapodilla. Moreover, the result also showed that storage temperature and fruit temperature affected PLSR models developed using VisNIR spectroscopy.
Characteristics of roasting arabica and robusta coffee beans with rotary cylinder tube roast machine with electric heat source
Authors: Syafriandi  , Lubis A , Fadhil R , Paramida O
Published: December 2022

Arabica and Robusta coffee beans have physical differences in general. In the process of roasting coffee beans with different physical forms, it is possible that there will be differences in the roasting temperature and water content of the beans after the roasting process. Arabica and Robusta coffee beans have physical differences in general. In the process of roasting coffee beans with different physical forms, it is possible that there will be differences in the roasting temperature and water content of the beans after the roasting process. In brewing coffee, it can also be affected by the roasting process. There are several factors that need to be considered in the roasting coffea bean namely early moisture of coffea beans, temperature in the roaster and the time it takes for the coffee beans to ripen as desired. The use of heat energy to get a specific aroma and taste in coffee beans is very necessary. The objective of the research is to determine how the criteria of the roast of Arabica coffea beans and Robusta coffee beans using cylindrical roaster rotates with electrical energy as its heat source. The results obtained at the treatment temperature of 205°C using a rotating cylinder tube coffee roaster using an electric heat source takes 78 minutes to reach coffee maturity with a dark roast level of maturity. Analysis of the color of coffee beans after roasting, it was found that Arabica coffee and Robusta coffee were more dominant, showing on the color track-60 with the Agtron Color Classification System scale, where the initial moisture content of dry robusta beans is 12.50% reduced to 3.66% after roasting, while the initial moisture content of arabica beans is 12.36% reduced to 3.54%.
The effect of adding electrolyte solution to the cream demulsification technique on the purification of palm oil-based MDAG
Authors: Suriaini N , Syamsuddin Y , Arpi N , Supardan M D
Published: December 2022

Glycerolysis is the simplest, least expensive, and most prevalent technique for producing mono-diacylglycerol (MDAG). MDAG, a product derived from palm oil, is crucial to the fat-based food sector. Chemical glycerolysis generally leaves crude MDAG with glycerol residues that exceed the European Union’s maximum (up to 7.5%); thus, it must be purified. Cream demulsification is one of the conventional ways of purification for separating glycerol residues from MDAG. This study investigates the impacts of adding electrolytes (calcium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate, magnesium sulfate, and sodium sulfite) and the effects of electrolyte concentration (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% w/v) on the concentration of glycerol, monoglycerol, diglycerol, and triglyceride. Electrolytes have a role in transforming the MDAG emulsion system from a water-in-oil (w/o) system to an oil-in-water (o/w) system, causing the emulsion to break down and form cream. Glycerol and water create a polar phase (skim), whereas MDAG form a non-polar phase (cream). The analysis showed that the highest yield was obtained by adding 5% sodium sulfite (SS) electrolyte, which was 44.51±0.60%. Increasing the electrolyte concentration from 2.5% to 5% resulted in a larger yield, but a further increase of up to 10% did not improve the yield. The glycerol content also de creased from 13.36±0.82% to 1.8±0.32% with the addition of 5% SS electrolyte. This result is in line with the fact that the amount of MAG and DAG increased after the creaming demulsification with 5% SS electrolyte (41.68±1.23% and 25.75±0.26%, respectively).
Lactobacillus Substitution as a Chicken Antibiotic Growth Promotor: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kristianti S , Vivienne C , Andela S , Rukmini E
Published: December 2022

Antibiotic usage in chickens can help to prevent disease and increase their growth rate. However, many farmers ignore the doses and the withdrawal time of antibiotics usage for chickens so that it can cause antibiotic residue in chicken meat. This antibiotic residue can cause health problems, so it is necessary to take action to reduce or find other alternatives for antibiotic usage in chickens. Therefore, our research objective was to summarize the records of tetracycline residue in broiler chickens. In addition, this research also identifies the effect of Lactobacillus usage as an antibiotic replacement. This research was a systematic review. The systematic review intended to synthesize in detail the information about natural ingredients for antibiotic substitutes and their effect on chicken’s growth from Google scholar, Science Direct, and Pub Med with the keywords “Tetracycline effect,” “Probiotics antibiotic,” “Lactobacillus antibiotics,” “Chicken antibiotics,” “Tetracycline residue” and “Chicken growth.” The results obtained from this systematic literature review were that the residual levels found in chicken samples from Indonesia and Egypt ranged from 0.7 to 61.05 mg/kg. In addition, the addition of Lactobacillus had a positive effect on the weight of chickens, namely the addition of 23.3 to 1421.67 g. This study concluded that the residual levels of tetracycline in chickens exceed the safe consumption limits set by the Standard Nasional Indonesia (SNI). The usage of Lactobacillus was common as feed additives.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) response on increased drought and salinity in the vegetative phase
Authors: Ichsan C N , Erida G , Hayati M , Yuliawati
Published: December 2022

Environmental stress is a global threat to provide the world’s food. Drought and salinity are the main threats to agricultural land productivity. This is a challenge in implementing SDGs 2030 as well as an opportunity if we are able to use germplasm to overcome various environmental stresses. Research on 2 varieties of rice Inpari 42 agritan as a comparison variety and varieties Sigupai which is a local variety of Aceh originating from Abdya. This study used a 2x3x6 split plot design with 108 experimental units and 324 experimental pots. There is an interaction between varieties when salinity occurs and salinity level on the growth of rice plants in the vegetative phase and electrical conductivity in soil and water which shows different responses between the Inpari 42 Agritan variety and the Sigupai varieties. On the electrical conductivity of the Sigupai. variety, it was better able to reduce Ec at different levels of salinity and time of occurs in the vegetative phase. Meanwhile, Inpari 42 Agritan is more capable of increasing growth under conditions of increased salinity in the vegetative phase. The local variety Sigupai, the rate of growth reduction is also relatively low compared to that without salinity. This is an opportunity to deal with drought and salinity that can occur anytime and anywhere due to drought, water management and improper fertilization that can occur anywhere. It is a challenge to overcome drought and lowering salinity with the use of local varieties and appropriate agronomic practices.
Current development of polyurethane foam as adsorbent filler: a review
Authors: Sunartaty R , Muslim A , Aprilia S , Mahidin
Published: December 2022

Adsorption becomes one of the most promising separation methods for contaminants removal because it is easy to apply and offers efficient and environmental-friendly process. Adsorption by powder adsorbent has the advantages of high capacity and fast kinetics to remove contaminants in wastewater due to the large surface area. However, powder adsorbent has the weakness of difficulty to separate the small particle size of adsorbent in batch mode of adsorbent-solution system. Therefore, to solve this disadvantages, there is one way to facilitate the separation of adsorbents by supporting the particles of adsorbent at a polyurethane foam (PUF). The PUF with filled adsorbents allows the adsorbent to interact freely with pollutants and be easily separated from polluted water. Studies show that the integration of adsorbents in the PUF has the potential to absorb various contaminants and it can be separated easily from contaminated water.
Simultaneous landfill leachate treatment and electricity production by sediment microbial fuel cell
Authors: Emalya N , Berutu R , Alfiansyah  , Munawar E , Tarmizi  , Suhendrayatna  , Yunardi
Published: December 2022

The sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC) is a new technology that uses exoelectrogenic bacteria and organic compounds to transform chemical energy into electrical energy. The application of SMFC technology is gaining popularity since it can simultaneously reduce contaminants in wastewater and generate electricity. An SMFC performance is mainly governed by the kinetics of the electrodes within the fuel cell, of which the materials that make up the electrodes significantly impact their performance. The objective of the ongoing investigation was to study the performance of three types of electrodes for minimizing pollutants from landfill leachate wastewater while also generating electrical energy. Sediment and leachate samples were taken from the Regional Landfill wastewater treatment facility in Blang Bintang, Aceh Besar, the Province of Aceh. Three transparent acrylic reactors with a length, width, and height of 45 cm, 20 cm, and 12 cm, respectively, were employed in this experiment. The electrode materials utilized in this study were zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe), with each electrode having a surface area of 124 cm2. Temperature, pH, voltage, and carbonaceous compound removal measured as COD were used to assess the SMFC performance. The study results showed that the temperature and pH of the three reactors have a similar trend, and the values are not much different at 24.36±0.25°C and 9±0.03, respectively. The reactor installed with Cu electrode produced the maximum electrical voltage of 470 mV, whereas those with Fe and Zn had the highest voltages of 107 mV and 23 mV, respectively. The percentage of COD removal for reactors equipped with Zn, Cu, and Fe electrodes was 40.70%, 41.09%, and 41.23%, respectively. Although the COD removal by each reactor of different electrode materials did not show a significant difference, the reactor with Cu electrode gave better performance when viewed from the electrical voltage.
Classification of tomato (Lycoersicon Esculentum Miil) ripeness levels based on HSV color using digital image processing
Authors: Ifmalinda  , Andasuryani  , Rasinta I
Published: December 2022

Tomato is a fruit that undergoes a rapid ripening process. Classification of tomatoes based on the level of ripeness is very important during the distribution process of tomatoes in various regions. In general, farmers classify the ripeness level of tomatoes based on fruit color, because this is easy to do. Generally, the classification of the ripeness level of tomatoes is done manually by looking directly with the eyes and based on the color of the fruit. The problem is, manually identifying the level of ripeness of tomatoes based on color still has many shortcomings and the results are less than optimal. This is because humans have many limitations such as differences in perceptions by farmers, fatigue, lack of focus, relatively long time required and produce a variety of products due to human visual limitations and differences in perceptions about the quality of tomatoes. One alternative technology that can be used to reduce this problem is to use digital image processing with color spaces such as hue, saturation, value (HSV). HSV color has a tendency to detect color with a degree of dominance to get accurate object recognition results. Using digital image processing techniques, information is obtained that can be processed by a computer and the results are more precise, fast and automatic. Based on the results of research using image processing with HSV color space can identify the maturity level of tomatoes at three levels of ripeness, unripe, half-ripe and ripe.
Optimization of sensory characteristics of bilimbi tea drink (Averrhoa Tea)
Authors: Juanda  , Agustina Raida , Hartuti Sri
Published: December 2022

The processing of Averrhoa bilimbi L, a plant that is widely developed in Aceh, into Averrhoa tea is expected to be one of the promising products of agricultural industry. This study aims to determine the sensory characteristics of the optimal Averrhoa bilimbi tea drink. Bilimbi tea is an innovation product from boiled water of dried candied bilimbi which has a strong sour and sweet taste. The variables studied were the amount of water added (X1) and the amount of tea added (X2). The treatment design carried out in this study included the addition of water (158.6 ml, 200 ml, 300 ml, 400 ml, and 441.4 ml);also, the addition of tea (1.6 gr, 2 gr, 3 gr, 4 gr, and 4.4 gr). The sensory characteristics analysed included colour, aroma, flavour, and aftertaste. The results of optimization of the bilimbi tea drink on colour at target level 6 (pleasure) and on flavour at target level 5 (somewhat pleasure) obtained by the composition of adding the amount of water by 181.82 ml and adding the amount of tea by 4.41 grams, also resulted in a composite desirability value of 0.93.
Physico-chemical characteristics of Pliek-U in Aceh
Authors: Agustina R , Hayati R , Hasanuddin H , Fadhil R
Published: December 2022

Indonesia is the one of the countries which has the richness of fermented food traditional such as Pliek-U. The natural coconut flesh was contain the components that physiologically beneficial. Nutritional quality from the meat coconut fruit were increased through the one of the fermentation processes for making the Pliek-U. This study was determine the proportion of content in Pliek-U whereas that was circulate in the community. The method for physico-chemical characteristics of Pliek-U was carried out in a laboratory using standard the basic formula. The results showed the percentage range of Pliek-U, it was obtained for 5.816-11.593% to the water content. Then, the fat content was found 34,628 - 38.998%, whereas the protein content was known as 29,164 - 34,658%. However, the proportion of the ash content was 3.606 - 5.264%. The results from the Pliek-U sample have been reported the highest percentage of the carbohydrate content (22.548%), while the lowest is 13.952%. Furthermore, Pliek-U was contains to free fatty acids in the range of 2,637 - 5,589. Then, Pliek-U samples that ready to be served have a pH content in the range of 4.083-5.589%. The output test the quality parameters from the physical and chemical properties in Pliek-U can be used as a reference or standard for the quality of Pliek-U which has been circulating for years in the aceh community.
Analysis of habitat canopy cover for birds family bucerotidae with canopy capture in pocut meurah intan forest park, aceh besar
Authors: Khairil  , Gagarin Yuri , Abdullah  , Nurmaliah Cut
Published: December 2022

Pocut Meurah Intan Grand Forest Park (Tahura) is a form of nature conservation area which is overgrown by various types of plants that are widely used by bird species such as forage trees and nesting trees. Bird species from the Bucerotidae family are one of the fauna that take advantage of the presence of various types of plants in the area. When the existence of plants that function as feeding trees or nesting trees is threatened, the impact will be experienced by various bird species due to habitat changes such as a shortage of life-supporting plants. One of the factors that influence the use of trees in their habitat by birds is the density and canopy cover. The purpose of this study was to analyze the percentage of canopy cover for forage trees and bird nesting trees in the Bucerotidae family in Tahura Pocut Meurah Intan. Descriptive method is the method chosen in this study. The research location stations were determined using purposive sampling. To determine the canopy cover of forage trees and nesting trees, Canopycapture ver.1.0.2 software was used with the Hemispherical Photography method. Hemispherical Photography is a method by calculating the area of the canopy cover using a camera from under the tree canopy. This method produces more accurate data because the area captured by the camera is more specific so that it describes the actual tree canopy cover. Tree canopy cover data collection using Hemispherical Photography using the front camera of the XIAOMI Redmi Note 6 Pro mobile phone with a dual camera resolution of 20 and 2 megapixels with HD resolution (1,280 x 720) at a point of taking photos. This technique is used in a 10 mx 10 m plot and analyzed using Microsoft office 2021 software. This research was conducted in January – February 2021 with a total of 2 stations. The results of this study found 14 species of forage trees and 13 species of nesting trees. The Moraceae family is more dominant in the use of birds from the Bucerotidae family as feed trees, while the Lauraceae family and also the Moraceae family are dominant as nesting trees. The value of tree canopy cover in Tahura Pocut Meurah Intan is 84.00% which belongs to the solid category.
Performance of SCC Concrete with Additional Materials of Rice Husk Ash
Authors: Amalia  , Tiyani L , Setiawan Y , Hasan M F R
Published: December 2022

Concrete with high ductility, workable, high strength, easy to flow without compaction, and durable is a concrete need in the future. Concrete with this quality, one of which is to make self-compacting concrete (SCC). This paper reports performance of self compacting concrete (SCC) containing rice hush ash. Rice husk ash is waste from burning rice husks. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of SCC concrete with the addition of rice husk ash. SCC specimens were made using rice husk ash (RHA) and SCC without rice husk ash (NRHA). The specimens were made with water cement ratio 0.30. Superplastisizer used is a type Naptha 511P. The result indicated that the workability of SCC containing rice hush ash (RHA) more workable compare SCC without rice hush ash (NRHA). The initial setting time of SCC with rice hush ash more slowly compare SCC without rice hush ash. The compressive strength, flexural strength, and tensile strength of SCC RHA mor higher compare SCC without RHA (NRHA). The tensile strength value of RHA and without RHA concrete meets the tensile strength requirements of RSNI T-12-2004.
Aceh traditional village landscape patterns as a way of adapting to the climate in modern housing
Authors: Nursaniah C , Qadri L , Fuady Z
Published: December 2022

There are always certain considerations behind the presentation of architectural works by our ancestors, including the formation of traditional Acehnese village landscape patterns. The form of traditional architectural works reflects solutions to the environment, socio-culture, and technology of the supporting community as a form of local wisdom. This paper aims to examine the reasons for the formation of traditional Acehnese village landscape patterns in the past, and how they relate to modern housing landscape patterns in Banda Aceh City based on climate variables. A literature study was conducted to find out the elements and patterns of the village landscape that will be used as parameters to analyze samples of modern housing from three different areas in Banda Aceh City, namely the North, Central, and South. This paper concludes that the pattern of traditional Aceh settlements is formed from housing zoning, public facilities, arable land, and forests as village boundaries with a group pattern. This pattern is formed based on a geographical and climatic approach that is adapted to the contours of the land and building technology, resulting in a mitigation system against frequent storms and a cross-ventilation system for residential buildings. While the relevance of its application to the landscape pattern of modern housing produces different characteristics based on several adjustments to changes in socio-cultural, material, and transformed building technology.
Lands Cover Dynamics of Siais Lake Catchment Area, Tapanuli Selatan District, Indonesia
Authors: Samsuri  , Zaitunah A , Ahmad AG , Pasaribu I
Published: December 2022

The Siais Lake Catchment Area (SLCA) is a water resource that includes various types of land cover and land use in Rianiate village, Angkola Sangkunur sub-district, and Tapanuli Selatan district. The SLCA lake catchment area has altered the land cover and increased the surface area of Siais Lake. The purpose of this study was to determine the type of land cover that changed in the Siais lake catchment area between 1990 and 2018. The land cover classification was obtained using Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 OLI images. Make use of supervised classification. Forest, plantation, bare land, paddy field, settlement, waterbody, shrub, and swamp were the land covers identified in the Lake Siais catchment area. Plantations had the highest percentage of land cover increase from 1990 to 2018, with an increase of 3,995.87%, while paddy fields had the highest decrease, with a decrease of 93.77%. .
Evaluation of Regional Myocardial Work Indices in Pediatric Essential and Renal or Renovascular Hypertension
Authors: Jacquemyn Xander , Van den Eynde Jef , Zhan Junzhen , Doshi Ashish N , Long Rita , Danford David A , Barnes Benjamin T , Kutty Shelby
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND

Myocardial work (MW) is an index of LV function based on pressure–strain loops and brachial cuff pressure measurement. MW has been proposed as more sensitive than conventional functional parameters, as it accounts for afterload and myocardial deformation. However, many studies have been limited to assessment of global MW indices, neglecting regional differences in cardiac associated with hypertension and consequent cardiac remodeling. We aimed to quantify regional MW in pediatric hypertension and compare the findings in renal or renovascular hypertension (RHTN) with essential hypertension (EHTN).

METHODS

We retrospectively assessed conventional markers of LV function, and both global and regional MW indices in 78 patients (49 males, 15.4 ± 2.94 years) with EHTN and RHTN.

RESULTS

Peak systolic strain (PSS) in the basal septal segment was significantly impaired in patients with RHTN compared to EHTN (−13.00% [−15.50%; −13.00%] vs. −15.00% [−17.50%; −13.50%], P = 0.034). Similarly, basal septal MW indices were significantly elevated in patients with EHTN compared to RHTN, including MW efficiency (MWE) (95.0% [93.0%; 98.0%] vs. 94.0% [89.0%; 95.0%], P = 0.004) and constructive work (CW) (1700 mm Hg% (409 mm Hg%) vs. 1520 mm Hg% (336 mm Hg%), P = 0.037). Wasted work (WW) was significantly elevated in the RHTN group (79.0 mm Hg% [28.5 mm Hg%; 104 mm Hg%] vs. 105 mm Hg% [62.0 mm Hg%; 164 mm Hg%], P = 0.010).

CONCLUSION

Significant differences in basal septal PSS and MW indices were observed between EHTN and RHTN. These findings highlight the usefulness of regional MW indices in assessing disease and may help differentiate between etiologies of pediatric hypertension.
Electroanatomical mapping–guided left bundle branch area pacing in patients with structural heart disease and advanced conduction abnormalities
Authors: Richter Sergio , Gebauer Roman , Ebert Micaela , Moscoso Ludueña Cathleen , Scheller Dominik , Lucas Johannes , König Sebastian , Paetsch Ingo , Hindricks Gerhard , Döring Michael
Published: December 2022

Aims

Left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) can be technically challenging and fluoroscopy-intense. Three-dimensional electroanatomical mapping (EAM) facilitates non-fluoroscopic lead navigation and electrogram mapping. We sought to prospectively evaluate the feasibility, safety, and outcomes of routine EAM-guided LBBAP in patients with structural heart disease (SHD) and advanced conduction abnormalities.

Methods and results

Consecutive patients with SHD and conduction abnormalities who underwent an attempt at EAM-guided LBBAP were included. The feasibility, safety, procedural, and mid-term outcomes were evaluated. Electrical, echocardiographic, and clinical parameters were assessed at implantation and last follow-up. Thirty-two patients (68 ± 18 years; 19% female) were included, of which 75% had intrinsic QRS > 150 ms, 53% left bundle branch block, and 25% right bundle branch block. Primary EAM-guided LBBAP was successful in 29 patients (91%). The procedural duration was 95 (70–110) min, total fluoroscopy time 0.93 (0.40–1.73) min, and total fluoroscopy dose 35.4 (20.5–77.2) cGy cm2. Paced QRS duration (QRSd) was significantly shorter than intrinsic QRSd (121.9 ± 10.7 vs. 159.2 ± 34.4 ms; P < 0.001) and remained stable during the mean follow-up of 7.0 ± 5.9 months. The LBBAP capture threshold was 0.57 ± 0.23 V/0.4 ms at implantation and remained low during follow-up (0.58 ± 0.18 V/0.5 ± 0.2 ms; P = 0.877). Overall left ventricular ejection fraction improved significantly from 44.2 ± 14.3% at baseline to 49.4 ± 13.1% at follow-up (P = 0.009), New York Heart Association class from 2.4 ± 0.6 to 1.8 ± 0.6 (P = 0.002), respectively. No complications occurred that required intervention.

Conclusion

Routine near-zero fluoroscopy EAM-guided LBBAP can safely be performed in patients with SHD and advanced conduction abnormalities with high success rates and favourable mid-term outcomes. Further studies are needed to investigate whether the use of EAM improves the overall outcome of conduction system pacing and to identify specific patient populations who benefit the most from EAM-guided lead implantation.
The expression effects of uncivil disagreement: the mechanisms of cognitive dissonance and self-perception
Authors: Liang Hai , Ng Yee Man Margaret
Published: December 2022

Political incivility is pervasive and still on the rise. Although empirical studies have examined the effects of exposure to political incivility in different contexts, few have attempted to investigate the expression effects of incivility on its senders. This study proposes two mechanisms—cognitive dissonance and self-perception—to explain the expression effects of political incivility on anger, perceptions of incivility, and political participation. The study conducts a population-based online survey experiment (N = 413) in Hong Kong. Participants were either forced to express uncivil or civil disagreements or did so voluntarily. The results suggest that expressing uncivil disagreement increases anger and perceptions of incivility. However, no difference is found between the forced and self-selection conditions, indicating that self-perception is more applicable than cognitive dissonance. In addition, the study finds that expressing uncivil disagreement influences political participation via both anger and perceptions of incivility, though the effects run in opposite directions.
Vertical integration of oncologists and cancer outcomes and costs in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Hu Xin , Lipscomb Joseph , Jiang Changchuan , Graetz Ilana
Published: December 2022

Background

The share of oncology practices owned by hospitals (ie, vertically integrated) nearly doubled from 2007 to 2017. We examined how integration between hospitals and oncologists affected care quality, outcomes, and spending among metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients.

Methods

Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare linked data and the Medicare Data on Provider Practice and Specialty, we identified Medicare beneficiaries who initiated systemic therapy for mCRPC between 2008 and 2017 (n = 9172). Primary outcomes included 1) bone-modifying agents (BMA) use, 2) time on systemic therapy, 3) survival, and 4) Medicare spending for the first 3 months following therapy initiation. We used a differences-in-differences approach to estimate the impact of vertical integration on outcomes, adjusting for patient and provider characteristics.

Results

The proportion of patients treated by integrated oncologists increased from 28% to 55% from 2008 to 2017. Vertical integration was associated with an 11.7 percentage point (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.2 to 19.1) increased likelihood of BMA use. There were no satistically significant changes in time on systemic therapy, survival, or total per-patient Medicare spending. Further decomposition showed an increase in outpatient payment ($5190, 95% CI = $1451 to $8930) and decrease in professional service payment (−$4757, 95% CI = −$7644 to −$1870) but no statistically significant changes for other service types (eg, inpatient and prescription drugs).

Conclusions

Vertical integration was associated with statistically significant increased BMA use but not with other cancer outcomes among mCRPC patients. For oncologists who switched service billing from physician offices to outpatient departments, there was no statistically significant change in overall Medicare spending in the first 3 months of therapy initiation. Future studies should extend the investigation to other cancer types and patient outcomes.
Circular RNA in autoimmune diseases: special emphasis on regulation mechanism in RA and SLE
Authors: Huang Yurong , Xue Qiuyun , Cheng Chenglong , Wang Yuting , Wang Xiao , Chang Jun , Miao Chenggui
Published: December 2022

Background

Autoimmune diseases are diseases caused by tissue damage caused by the body’s immune response to autoantibodies. Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) are a kind of special endogenous non-coding RNA that play a biological role by regulating gene transcription.

Methods

In this work, we searched the PubMed, Web of Science (SCIE), National Science and Technology Library (NSTL), and ScienceDirect Online (SDOL) databases to summarize the impact of circRNAs on autoimmune diseases, especially the results of circRNAs in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Results

The study on the function of circRNAs and autoimmune diseases further deepened our understanding of the development and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. CircRNAs may act as miRNA sponges to regulate biological processes and affect the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases. CircRNAs are closely related to the pathogenesis of RA and SLE and may become potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of RA and SLE.

Conclusion

CircRNAs play an important role in the pathogenesis of RA, SLE and other autoimmune diseases, and are expected to provide new biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune diseases. However, the function and mechanism of circRNAs in autoimmune diseases need more comprehensive research.
The pros and cons of a global carbon tax at a single rate
Authors: Bacci Alessandro
Published: December 2022

During 2021, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the World Trade Organization (WTO), though differently, supported the idea that to effectively tackle climate change, it is necessary to introduce a global price on carbon emissions. Generally, a single-rate Global Carbon Tax (GCT) for all carbon emissions would probably be the best mechanism to tax carbon emissions while still favouring trading relationships globally within a WTO-compliant environment. However, implementing a single-rate GCT is extremely complicated. The IMF has proposed the establishment of an International Carbon Price Floor (ICPF), but it has recognized that to work the ICPF needs multiple carbon price minima according to the considered countries’ category of development level. This article, which is divided into seven sections, reflects on the idea of introducing a GCT. Section 1 briefs the introduction. Section 2 explains what the main reason is for putting a price on carbon emissions and clarifies how the two most important price-setting mechanisms, ie an ETS and a carbon tax, work. Section 3 explains how to set the carbon tax rate. Section 4 analyses the IMF’s GCT proposal. Section 5 discusses the benefits of a GCT, especially if based on a single tax rate. Section 6 reviews what, at least in the short term, the three main obstacles to the implementation of a single-rate GCT are. Section 7 concludes.
Two modes of Cue2-mediated mRNA cleavage with distinct substrate recognition initiate no-go decay
Authors: Tomomatsu Shota , Watanabe Atsuya , Tesina Petr , Hashimoto Satoshi , Ikeuchi Ken , Li Sihan , Matsuo Yoshitaka , Beckmann Roland , Inada Toshifumi
Published: December 2022

Ribosome collisions are recognized by E3 ubiquitin ligase Hel2/ZNF598, leading to RQC (ribosome-associated quality control) and to endonucleolytic cleavage and degradation of the mRNA termed NGD (no-go decay). NGD in yeast requires the Cue2 endonuclease and occurs in two modes, either coupled to RQC (NGDRQC+) or RQC uncoupled (NGDRQC−). This is mediated by an unknown mechanism of substrate recognition by Cue2. Here, we show that the ubiquitin binding activity of Cue2 is required for NGDRQC− but not for NGDRQC+, and that it involves the first two N-terminal Cue domains. In contrast, Trp122 of Cue2 is crucial for NGDRQC+. Moreover, Mbf1 is required for quality controls by preventing +1 ribosome frameshifting induced by a rare codon staller. We propose that in Cue2-dependent cleavage upstream of the collided ribosomes (NGDRQC−), polyubiquitination of eS7 is recognized by two N-terminal Cue domains of Cue2. In contrast, for the cleavage within collided ribosomes (NGDRQC+), the UBA domain, Trp122 and the interaction between Mbf1 and uS3 are critical.
Genome-wide inference reveals that feedback regulations constrain promoter-dependent transcriptional burst kinetics
Authors: Luo Songhao , Wang Zihao , Zhang Zhenquan , Zhou Tianshou , Zhang Jiajun
Published: December 2022

Gene expression in mammalian cells is highly variable and episodic, resulting in a series of discontinuous bursts of mRNAs. A challenge is to understand how static promoter architecture and dynamic feedback regulations dictate bursting on a genome-wide scale. Although single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides an opportunity to address this challenge, effective analytical methods are scarce. We developed an interpretable and scalable inference framework, which combined experimental data with a mechanistic model to infer transcriptional burst kinetics (sizes and frequencies) and feedback regulations. Applying this framework to scRNA-seq data generated from embryonic mouse fibroblast cells, we found Simpson's paradoxes, i.e. genome-wide burst kinetics exhibit different characteristics in two cases without and with distinguishing feedback regulations. We also showed that feedbacks differently modulate burst frequencies and sizes and conceal the effects of transcription start site distributions on burst kinetics. Notably, only in the presence of positive feedback, TATA genes are expressed with high burst frequencies and enhancer–promoter interactions mainly modulate burst frequencies. The developed inference method provided a flexible and efficient way to investigate transcriptional burst kinetics and the obtained results would be helpful for understanding cell development and fate decision.