bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plasma Polymerization of APTES to Elaborate Nitrogen Containing Organosilicon Thin Films: Influence of Process Parameters and Discussion About the Growing Mechanisms
Authors: Lecoq Elodie , Duday David , Bulou Simon , Frache Gilles , Hilt Florian , Maurau Rémy , Choquet Patrick
Published: December 2012

Plasma polymerization of 3‐aminopropyl‐triethoxysilane (APTES) in microwave late afterglow was studied. First, sol‐gel polymerized APTES was prepared and characterized by ATR–FTIR and XPS. The results obtained were used as a model to define the nature of nitrogen containing groups in the plasma polymer layers. It is shown that the variation of process gas mixture gives the possibility to tailor the chemical composition of the coatings. We show that nitrogen can be present in the thin films as amines, amides, imines or oximes. The analysis of the gas phase composition by OES during the deposition process was realized and based on the correlations established between OES results and thin film compositions, some assumptions on the chemical mechanisms involved in the gas phase are discussed.

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A Dispossessed People: the Depopulation of the Chagos Archipelago 1965–1973
Authors: Gifford Richard , Dunne Richard P.
Published: December 2012

On 8 November 1965, the Chagos Archipelago in the central Indian Ocean was detached from the former British colony of Mauritius to create the British Indian Ocean Territory in order to make the islands available for joint UK/US defence purposes. By 1973, all the inhabitants had been removed by the British Government to make way for a US Military Base on one of the islands, Diego Garcia. Although the recorded population of the Chagos in the early 1960s before the formation of the British Indian Ocean Territory did not exceed 1,000 at any one time, the nature of the society and their links to colonial Mauritius masked the true numbers who had been born on and lived in the islands and were entitled to consider themselves native islanders or ‘Ilois’ and whose employment and lifestyle involved a freedom of movement between Mauritius and the Chagos. The size and nature of the Ilois were deliberately manipulated and concealed by British colonial officials in order to avoid scrutiny by the United Nations. By comparing the best available contemporary records and government archives, we conclusively demonstrate that the policy of the British Government drove between 1,328 and 1,522 Ilois into exile and poverty on Mauritius, and a further 232 on the Seychelles. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of substrate bias on the properties of microcrystalline silicon films deposited by hot‐wire chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Zhang Lei , Shen Honglie , You Jiayi
Published: December 2012

Microcrystalline silicon thin films were deposited on glass and stainless steel (SS) substrates by hot‐wire chemical vapor deposition with negative substrate bias varying from 0 to −600 V. The structural properties of these films were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra, and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the crystallinity and compactness of the films deposited on glass first improved by increasing the substrate bias from 0 to −300 V, and then deteriorated by further elevating the substrate bias from −300 to −600 V. However, the crystallinity of films deposited on SS with negative substrate bias deteriorated on increasing the applied substrate bias. Moreover, temperature‐dependent conductivity measurements were performed to investigate the electrical properties of the boron‐doped films on glass. The conductivity activation energy of the boron‐doped films deposited on glass first decreased from 0.049 to 0.039 eV by varying the substrate bias from 0 to −300 V, and then increased to 0.05 eV on increasing the substrate bias to −600 V.
Self‐organized defect control during GaN homoepitaxial growth on nanostructured substrates
Authors: Mynbaeva M. , Sitnikova A. , Nikolaev A. , Vinogradova K. , Mynbaev K. , Nikolaev V.
Published: December 2012

The implementation of the control over defect formation in GaN films grown by Hydride Vapor‐Phase Epitaxy on free‐standing GaN substrates with nanostructured bulk of the material is reported. For the first time, a mechanism is described which is responsible for collective interaction of structural defects, and allows for excluding substrate dislocations from the sources of threading defects in homoepitaxially grown GaN films. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Splitting of surface‐related phonons in Raman spectra of self‐assembled GaN nanowires
Authors: Wang J. , Demangeot F. , P’︁echou R. , Ponchet A. , Cros A. , Daudin B.
Published: December 2012

Micro Raman spectroscopy studies have been performed on GaN nanowires grown by Plasma‐Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy on Silicon (111) substrate. From the analysis of experimental data, the emergence of a two peaks band located near 700 cm−1 has been attributed to the Raman scattering by surface‐related phonons. We have analyzed the surface character of these two modes by changing the dielectric constant of the exterior medium and some experimental parameters.

Furthermore, a theoretical model describing the nanowires ensemble by means of an effective dielectric function has been used to interpret the Raman scattering results. Those numerical simulations are in reasonable agreement with experimental observations and suggest that these two peaks resulting from the splitting of surface‐related phonon into axial and planar modes can be used as a probe of the dielectric properties of the nanowires environment (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Unusual distortions about Tl and Pb in PbTe:Tl
Authors: Bridges F. , Keiber T. , Medling S. , Sales B.C.
Published: December 2012

When the well know thermoelectric PbTe is doped with a few percent Tl, the figure of merit, ZT = S2 σ /κ, is dramatically improved (here S is the Seebeck coefficient, σ the electrical conductivity and κ the thermal conductivity). Tl is a valence skipper with valences of +1 and +3 and replaces Pb(+2) in PbTe. Further Tl(+1) has a lone electron pair; consequently, the atom is asymmetric and large local distortions are expected if Tl(+1) is present. Here we we present Extended X‐ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) data for 1% Tl doped PbTe at the Tl and Pb L3 edges and at the Te K edge, to probe the local structure about the dopant, and host atoms.

At 10 K the local structure about Pb and Te is well ordered, although disorder of the Pb‐Te (Te‐Pb) pair distribution function (PDF) increases rapidly with increasing T. In contrast the environment around Tl is more disordered even at 10 K within the well ordered host material. This indicates a large variation of the Tl‐Te bond lengths presumably as a result of the presence of some Tl(+1). This increased local disorder will result in additional electron and phonon scattering. We discuss possible models for the disorder about Tl and for PbTe at higher temperature for which neutron PDF measurements suggest Pb moves off‐center (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thermoluminescence of NaF:Eu3+ phosphors exposed to beta particle irradiation
Authors: García‐Haro A. R. , Bernal R. , Cruz‐Vázquez C. , Kitis G. , Orante‐Barrón V. R. , Castaño V. M.
Published: December 2012

Pellet‐shaped NaF:Eu3+ phosphors were synthesized by sintering. When a 5 K/s heating rate was used, the char‐acteristic glow curves of beta particle irradiated samples exhibited two thermoluminescence (TL) maxima located at 401 K and 498 K, being the higher temperature max‐imum the most intense. A peak located between 473 and 523 K is considered to have a position very suitable to assure good thermal stability of the stored TL, so this phosphor is attractive for radiation dosimetry. Beta particle irradiated samples displayed a TL response that increases as the radiation dose increased in the 0.08 to 42.5 Gy dose range, with a linear behavior below 10 Gy followed by a sublinear one for higher doses. Under storage after irradiation, the TL maximum at 498 K displayed a remarkable stability, and the TL fading revealed that the maximum at 401 K is not a single peak. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Computer modelling of undoped and Eu3+‐doped LiLa(WO4)2
Authors: Amaral Jomar B. , de Moraes Jair R. , Baldochi Sonia L. , Jackson Robert A. , Valerio Mário E. G.
Published: December 2012

In this work, computer modelling of the undoped and Eu3+‐doped LiLa(WO4)2 structure was successfully achieved by energy minimization and mean field theory. The results were compared with experimental data previously published and are in good agreement with them. A linear regression of the lattice parameters was also proposed as a function of the dopant concentration. The lattice ordering was evaluated to understand the possibility of structural changes in the crystal. Regarding the optical luminescence, the concentration limit of Eu doping was also determined. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Atomistic modelling of actinide oxides for nuclear fuel applications
Authors: Walker Scott R. , Jackson Robert A. , Read Mark S. D.
Published: December 2012

Atomistic computer simulations were performed for the actinide oxides (UO2, PuO2 and MOX) in the temperature range 300 K‐2000 K, in order to elucidate the physical and defect properties of these nuclear fuel materials. Parameterised cation‐anion Buckingham potentials, coupled to a standard Coulomb function, were used to describe the short range and long range interatomic interactions respectively. Mott‐Littleton methodology was employed for accurate defect modelling and to calculate intrinsic defect formation energies. This paper summarises the key findings of a bulk study into these materials and extends this briefly to consider surface effects and morphologies. In addition to highlighting the thermodynamic stability of aggregated defects over isolated point defects, it is shown that the empirical potentials themselves are thermally stable beyond the standard centreline temperatures experienced within a Light Water Reactor (LWR). Finally, minimum energy pathways (MEP) for oxygen migration in UO2 have been investigated, indicating that at least one of the mechanisms, the <110> vacancy migration, is non‐linear. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photoluminescent and storage properties of photostimulable core/shell type silicate nanoparticles
Authors: Osvet Andres , Batentschuk Miroslaw , Milde Moritz , Lundt Nils , Gellermann Carsten , Dembski Sofia , Winnacker Albrecht , Brabec Christoph J.
Published: December 2012

We have prepared hybrid luminescent nanoparticles with amorphous SiO2 cores and crystalline Zn2SiO4:Mn2+shells by sol‐gel technology. Under UV excitation the shells of the particles emit green Mn2+‐related luminescence at 525 nm. In addition, under the UV excitation at least two kinds of traps are filled with electrons, contributing to a long afterglow and photostimulated luminescence. The paper presents the details of the charging and stimulation characteristics of the photostimulated luminescence. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
HVPE growth of thick Al0.45Ga0.55N layers on trench patterned sapphire substrates
Authors: Hagedorn Sylvia , Richter Eberhard , Zeimer Ute , Weyers Markus
Published: December 2012

In this work results on the influence of the total pressure, V/III ratio and substrate miscut direction on the growth of Al0.45Ga0.55N on trench patterned sapphire by hydride vapour phase epitaxy are presented. It was found that for trenches running along the [11‐20]sapphire direction a substrate miscut towards m‐plane is favourable to obtain a coalesced c‐plane oriented AlGaN layer. With an optimized total pressure and V/III ratio coalesced flat c‐oriented AlGaN layers of up to 40 µm thickness were grown. The layers show transparency for wavelengths above 280 nm. An abrupt change in the luminescence spectra from band edge dominated to yellow luminescence dominated emission was found at the change over from uncoalesced to coalesced regions. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Houttuynia cordata Thunb. Volatile Oil Exhibited Anti‐inflammatory Effects In Vivo and Inhibited Nitric Oxide and Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α Production in LPS‐stimulated Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages In Vitro
Authors: Li Weifeng , Fan Ting , Zhang Yanmin , Fan Te , Zhou Ping , Niu Xiaofeng , He Langchong
Published: December 2012

Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (HC) is a medicinal herb that generally used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating allergic inflammation. The present study investigated the inhibitory effect of the volatile oil from HC Thunb. on animal models of inflammation and the production of inflammatory mediators in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, xylene‐induced mouse ear edema, formaldehyde‐induced paw edema and carrageenan‐induced mice paw edema were significantly decreased by HC volatile oil. HC volatile oil showed pronounced inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) E2 and malondialdehyde production in the edematous exudates. In vitro exposure of mouse resident peritoneal macrophages to 1, 10, 100 and 1000 µg/mL of HC volatile oil significantly suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated production of NO and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in a dose‐dependent manner. Exposure to HC volatile oil had no effect on cell viability and systemic toxicity. Furthermore, HC volatile oil inhibited the production of NO and TNF‐α by down‐regulating LPS‐stimulated iNOS and TNF‐α mRNA expression. Western blot analysis showed that HC volatile oil attenuated LPS‐stimulated synthesis of iNOS and TNF‐α protein in the macrophages, in parallel. These findings add a novel aspect to the biological profile of HC and clarify its anti‐inflammatory mechanism. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Data assimilation in the laboratory using a rotating annulus experiment
Authors: Young R. M. B. , Read P. L.
Published: December 2012

The thermally driven rotating annulus is a laboratory experiment important for the study of the dynamics of planetary atmospheres under controllable and reproducible conditions. We use the analysis correction method to assimilate laboratory data into an annulus model. We analyze the 2S and 3AV regular flow regimes between rotation rates of 0.75 and 0.875 rad s−1 and the 3SV chaotic flow regime between rotation rates of 2.2 and 3.1 rad s−1. Our assimilated observations are irregularly distributed, which is more meteorologically realistic than gridded observations as used in recent applications of data assimilation to laboratory measurements. We demonstrate that data assimilation can be used successfully and accurately in this context. We examine a number of specific assimilation scenarios: a wave‐number transition between two regimes, information propagation from data‐rich to data‐poor regions, the response of the assimilation to a strong disturbance to the flow, and a vortex‐shedding instability phenomenon at high rotation rate. At the highest rotation rates we calculated the barotropic E‐vectors using unobserved variables such as temperature and the vertical structure of the velocity field that are only available via the assimilation. These showed that the mean flow is weakened by the action of eddies, going some way towards explaining why vortices are shed at the very highest rotation rates but not at lower rotation. Rossby‐wave stability theory suggests that the underlying instability leading to vortex shedding may be baroclinic in character.
Impact of soil moisture and convectively generated waves on the initiation of a West African mesoscale convective system
Authors: Birch C. E. , Parker D. J. , O'Leary A. , Marsham J. H. , Taylor C. M. , Harris P. P. , Lister G. M. S.
Published: December 2012

A mesoscale convective system (MCS) case study was observed over northeast Mali as part of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) on 31 July 2006. Observations of this case suggest that the soil‐moisture heterogeneity and atmospheric gravity waves emitted from a ‘parent’ MCS were important trigger mechanisms for this system. This study uses high‐resolution Met Office Unified Model (MetUM) simulations to assess the importance of the synoptic circulation, land‐surface and gravity waves in the initiation and development of the MCS. During the early afternoon shallow convection developed over a region of dry soil within a synoptic‐scale convergence zone, which was caused by the confluence of the southerly monsoon flow with winds associated with the circulation around the Saharan heat low. Two pronounced waves were emitted from a nearby ‘parent’ storm and propagated towards the convergence zone. When the second wave reached the location of the shallow convection, deep convection was immediately initiated. Further convective cells developed later in the afternoon over dry soil, many adjacent to strong soil moisture gradients; these aggregated with the main storm, which later developed into the case study MCS. A comparison of model simulations with/without the soil‐moisture heterogeneity and gravity waves shows that the synoptic‐scale circulation and convergence zones, specified by the atmospheric analysis, were the most important factors for the successful simulation of the MCS. If the location of the initiation of the system is to be forecast accurately, the land‐surface, that is, the soil moisture, must be represented adequately. In order to reproduce the timing of the secondary initiation of convection correctly the model must be able to capture gravity waves that are emitted by existing systems.
Snowbands over the English Channel and Irish Sea during cold‐air outbreaks
Authors: Norris Jesse , Vaughan Geraint , Schultz David M.
Published: December 2012

Persistent northerly‐to‐easterly cold‐air outbreaks affected the UK during the winters of 2009–10 and 2010–11, with the resulting convection frequently organizing into snowbands over the English Channel and Irish Sea. Sounding data and composite radar reflectivity images from the Met Office Nimrod precipitation radar network reveal that these bands formed along the major axis of each body of water (or sea) when the boundary‐layer flow was roughly parallel to each of those axes (along‐channel). For both seas, a band was present the majority of times that the 850 hPa flow was along‐channel. Of these times of along‐channel flow, the 850 hPa wind speed and surface‐to‐850 hPa temperature difference were significantly greater when bands were present than when they were not. For the English Channel only, the land–sea temperature difference was also significantly greater when bands were present than when they were not. In a real‐data Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) control simulation of a typical band over the English Channel, a trough develops over the water and offshore air streams from either side converge along it. In the absence of surface fluxes, the trough, convergence and organized precipitation fail to develop altogether. Orography and roughness‐length variations are less important in band development, affecting only the location and morphology.
Exact relations between the electron density and external potential for systems of interacting and noninteracting electrons
Authors: Ryabinkin Ilya G. , Staroverov Viktor N.
Published: December 2012

The differential virial theorem (DVT) is an explicit relation between the electron density ρ(r), the external potential, kinetic energy density tensor, and (for interacting electrons) the pair function. The time‐dependent generalization of this relation also involves the paramagnetic current density. We present a detailed unified derivation of all known variants of the DVT starting from a modified equation of motion for the current density. To emphasize the practical significance of the theorem for noninteracting electrons, we cast it in a form best suited for recovering the Kohn–Sham effective potential vs(r) from a given electron density. The resulting expression contains only ρ(r), vs(r), kinetic energy density, and a new orbital‐dependent ingredient containing only occupied Kohn–Sham orbitals. Other possible applications of the theorem are also briefly discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multi‐equilibrium property of metabolic networks: MMN module
Authors: Guo Jin , Zhang Ji‐Feng , Zhao Yanlong
Published: December 2012

This paper studies the multi‐equilibrium property of the multiple substrates and multiple products with no inhibition (MMN) module. On the basis of the topological structure, a model for such module is established in the form of a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. It is shown that the injectivity of the MMN module is equivalent to the nonsingularity of Jacobian matrix of its rate function, and a necessary and sufficient condition for the injectivity is obtained by using the Hadamard product. For non‐injective MMN module, a sufficient condition for existence of multiple positive equilibria is provided by introducing the concept of input‐matrix. For a type of commonly encountered MMN module— ‐MMN module—a structure‐oriented criterion for judging its injectivity is given. For ‐MMN modules with some special structure, it is shown that there does not exist multiply equilibria and the equilibrium (if exists) is asymptotically stable. Examples and simulations are given to illustrate the results obtained. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lighting‐invariant Visual Teach and Repeat Using Appearance‐based Lidar
Authors: McManus Colin , Furgale Paul , Stenning Braden , Barfoot Timothy D.
Published: December 2012

Visual Teach and Repeat (VT&R) is an effective method to enable a vehicle to repeat any previously driven route using just a visual sensor and without a global positioning system. However, one of the major challenges in recognizing previously visited locations is lighting change, as this can drastically alter the appearance of the scene. In an effort to achieve lighting invariance, this paper details the design of a VT&R system that uses a laser scanner as the primary sensor. Unlike a traditional scan‐matching approach, we apply appearance‐based computer vision techniques to laser intensity images for motion estimation, providing us the benefit of lighting invariance. Field tests were conducted in an outdoor, planetary analogue environment, over an entire diurnal cycle, repeating a 1.1 km route more than 10 times with an autonomy rate of 99.7% by distance. We describe, in detail, our experimental setup and results, as well as how we address the various off‐nominal scenarios related to feature‐poor environments, hardware failures, and estimation drift. An analysis on motion distortion and a comparison with a stereo‐based system is also presented. We show that even without motion compensation, our system is robust enough to repeat long‐range routes accurately and reliably. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Necessity as the mother of ‘green’ inventions: Institutional pressures and environmental innovations
Authors: Berrone Pascual , Fosfuri Andrea , Gelabert Liliana , Gomez‐Mejia Luis R.
Published: December 2012

Drawing on institutional theory and innovation literature, we argue that greater regulatory and normative pressures concerning environmental issues positively influence companies' propensity to engage in environmental innovation. Analysis of environment‐related patents of 326 publicly traded firms from polluting industries in the United States suggests that institutional pressures can trigger such innovation, especially in those firms displaying a greater deficiency gap (i.e., firms polluting relatively more than their industry peers). Moreover, we find that this effect is stronger when asset specificity is high, and that the availability of resources plays different roles depending on the type of pressures (regulatory vs. normative).Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural evaluation and strengthening of tall buildings: expected value and coefficient of variation of limit state capacity
Authors: Quadri Nicolino G. Delli , Kumabe Colin , Kashefi Ifa , Brugger Larry , Carpenter Lauren D. , Brandow Gregg E. , Hart Gary C.
Published: December 2012

This paper presents a discussion of the critical issues identified by the Los Angeles Tall Buildings Structural Design Council Evaluation and Strengthening committee work as it relates to the structural engineers determination of design capacity for a limit state. The capacity design incorporates professional experience (judgment) in a transparent way. It also discusses the peer reviewer and building officials' responsibility in evaluating the structural engineers' establishment of values for the expected value and the coefficient of variation of all random variables in the capacity equation for a selected limit state. The focus is on tall buildings in the Los Angeles region. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Foreign Language Anxiety: Understanding Its Status and Insiders' Awareness and Attitudes
Authors: Tran Thi Thu Trang , Baldauf Richard B. , Moni Karen
Published: December 2012

Foreign language anxiety (FLA) has been found to exist in all of the cultures where it has been studied, yet the literature provides limited empirical evidence to indicate whether foreign language students and teachers, as the direct stakeholders in the phenomenon, are aware of it. This study investigated the extent to which foreign language students and teachers are aware of the existence of the phenomenon of FLA and their attitudes towards it. Some 419 non‐English‐major students, who were undertaking various majors in a university in Vietnam, and eight teachers of English as a foreign language participated in the study. Methodological triangulation, which involved collecting data using questionnaires, interviews, and student autobiographies, was adopted. The findings indicate that approximately two thirds of the students suffered from FLA to some degree, yet the teachers did not attribute adequate importance to it. The study suggests that FLA has an impact on the majority of students and that teachers should take this into account in their teaching.
What sign language creation teaches us about language
Authors: Brentari Diane , Coppola Marie
Published: December 2012

How do languages emerge? What are the necessary ingredients and circumstances that permit new languages to form? Various researchers within the disciplines of primatology, anthropology, psychology, and linguistics have offered different answers to this question depending on their perspective. Language acquisition, language evolution, primate communication, and the study of spoken varieties of pidgin and creoles address these issues, but in this article we describe a relatively new and important area that contributes to our understanding of language creation and emergence. Three types of communication systems that use the hands and body to communicate will be the focus of this article: gesture, homesign systems, and sign languages. The focus of this article is to explain why mapping the path from gesture to homesign to sign language has become an important research topic for understanding language emergence, not only for the field of sign languages, but also for language in general.WIREs Cogn Sci2013, 4:201–211. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1212

This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Language
The evolution of vision
Authors: Gehring Walter J.
Published: December 2012

In this review, the evolution of vision is retraced from its putative origins in cyanobacteria to humans. Circadian oscillatory clocks, phototropism, and phototaxis require the capability to detect light. Photosensory proteins allow us to reconstruct molecular phylogenetic trees. The evolution of animal eyes leading from an ancestral prototype to highly complex image forming eyes can be deciphered on the basis of evolutionary developmental genetic experiments and comparative genomics. As all bilaterian animals share the same master control gene, Pax6, and the same retinal and pigment cell determination genes, we conclude that the different eye‐types originated monophyletically and subsequently diversified by divergent, parallel, or convergent evolution. WIREs Dev Biol 2014, 3:1–40. doi: 10.1002/wdev.96

This article is categorized under:

Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Regulatory Mechanisms

Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Gene Networks and Genomics

Early Embryonic Development > Development to the Basic Body Plan

Comparative Development and Evolution > Organ System Comparisons Between Species
Ferrocenecarboselenoic Acid: Synthesis and Some Reactions
Authors: Takahashi Toshinori , Niyomura Osamu , Kato Shinzi , Ebihara Masahiro
Published: December 2012

The first ferrocenecarboselenoic acid was synthesized and characterized. The existence of tautomeric equilibrium between the selenol (FcCOSeH) and selenoxo forms (FcCSeOH) in polar solvents was proven by 1H‐, 13C‐ and 77Se‐NMR spectra. The selenoxo form exists predominantly in a polar solvent at low temperature below –70 °C. Treatment of this acid with lithium, sodium, and potassium hydrides and with rubidium and cesium fluorides gave the corresponding alkali metal ferrocenecarboselenoates in quantitative yields. Treatment with 4‐methylphenyl isocyanate at room temperature led to ferrocenoyl 4‐methylphenylcarbamoyl selenide FcCOSeC(O)NHC6H4Me‐4 in high yield. A similar reaction with phenyl isothiocyanate formed a mixture of FcCOSeC(S)NHPh and FcCOSeC(SH)=NPh in moderate to good yield. The carboselenoic acid readily reacted with piperidine to give piperidinium ferrocenecarboselenoate in good yield. Air oxidation of this selenoic acid afforded diferrocenoyl selenide as a major product along with diferrocenoyl diselenide. The structures of the selenide (FcCO)2Se and diselenide (FcCOSe)2 were examined by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis.
Two 2D Metal‐Organic Networks based on s‐Block Metal Nodes (Li+ and Mg2+) and Rigid Imidazole/Carboxylate ­Functionalized Linkers
Authors: Liu Rui‐Bin , Zhu Jiang , Dai Yue , Yang Jing‐Si , Ni Jun , Zhang Jian‐Jun , Tong Bo , Meng Chang‐Gong
Published: December 2012

The assembly reactions between a rigid imidazole/carboxylate functionalized ligand, 2‐(5, 7‐dioxopyrrolo[3, 4‐f]benzimidazole‐6‐yl)benzoic acid (H22‐DPBB) and Mg2+(Li+) ions led to the formation of two 2D layered compounds, [Mg(H2‐DPBB)2(DMF)2] (1) and [Li(H2‐DPBB)(DMF)] (2) (DMF = N,N‐dimethylformamide). Single crystal structural analyses show that compound 1 has a 2D (4, 4)‐net structure based on 4‐connected mononuclear Mg2+ nodes and HDPBB spacers. Compound 2 also has a 2D (4, 4)‐net structure but based on dinuclear {Li2} nodes and HDPBB spacers. Interesting hydrogen bond and π–π interactions are observed in the structures. Additionally, the IR spectra and thermal behaviors of 1 and 2 are presented.
A Nickel(II) Metallamacrocycle Complex with Antiferromagnetic Properties
Authors: Chen Gong‐Jun , Wang Zhi‐Gang , Yang Yong‐Sheng , Tian Jin‐Lei , Yan Shi‐Ping
Published: December 2012

A hexanuclear metallamacrocycle complex [Ni(iPr3tacn)(dca)(PF6)]6 (1) was obtained by using the tridentate ligand 1, 4, 7‐triisopropyl‐1, 4, 7‐triazacyclononane (iPr3tacn) and the flexible ligand dicyanamide (dca). The complex was characterized by X‐ray crystallography and magnetic measurements. Complex 1 contains hexacyclic rings adopting chair conformation, which can be described as metallamacrocycle. Variable‐temperature magnetic measurements reveal antiferromagnetic interactions across the single end‐to‐end dca bridges in compound 1.
The Handbook of Scholarly Writing and Publishing
Authors: Cuming Richard G.
Published: December 2012

The Handbook of Scholarly Writing and Publishing, Tonette S. Rocco and Tim Hatcher, editors, 2011, 368 pages, paperback
Nursing Leadership for Patient‐Centered Care
Authors: Mills Elizabeth
Published: December 2012

Nursing Leadership for Patient‐Centered Care, Harriet Forman, 2011, Springer Publishing, 287 pages, softcover
Successful Implementation of Policies Addressing Lateral Violence
Authors: Coursey Joy H. , Rodriguez Ricardo E. , Dieckmann Loraine S. , Austin Paul N.
Published: December 2012

Lateral violence is a problem in nursing despite policies addressing the issue, which suggests that implementation of these policies may be ineffective. We used an evidence‐based approach to locate and appraise evidence about effectively implementing lateral violence policies. Our search strategy emphasized preappraised evidence, and we found 12 sources that met our inclusion criteria. Most evidence was from low‐level sources, which is not surprising due to the subjective and sensitive nature of this topic. The evidence did not indicate that there is consistent, effective implementation of lateral violence policies. The appraised evidence suggests the importance of collaboratively prepared implementation strategies. Administrator involvement and relationships with staff members and the presence of a commitment to positive behavior change before lateral violence incidents occur are factors that can lead to successful implementation of lateral violence policies.
Gerioperative Nursing Care: Principles and Practices of Surgical Care for the Older Adult
Authors: Hilsgen Jana
Published: December 2012

Raelene V. Shippee‐Rice, Susan J. Fetzer, Jennifer V. Long, Gerioperative Nursing Care: Principles and Practices of Surgical Care for the Older Adult, 2012, Springer Publishing Company, 626 pages, softcover
Preventing Perioperative Peripheral Nerve Injuries
Authors: Bouyer‐Ferullo Sharon
Published: December 2012

Peripheral nerve injuries are largely preventable injuries that can result from incorrect patient positioning during surgery. Patients who are diabetic, are extremely thin or obese, use tobacco, or undergo surgery lasting more than four hours are at increased risk for developing these injuries. When peripheral nerve injuries occur, patients may experience numbness, burning, or tingling and may have difficulty getting out of bed, walking, gripping objects, or raising their arms. These symptoms can interrupt activities of daily living and impede recovery. Signs and symptoms of peripheral nerve injury may appear within 24 to 48 hours of surgery or may take as long as a week to appear. Careful attention to body alignment and proper padding of bony prominences when positioning patients for surgery is necessary to prevent peripheral nerve injury. The use of a preoperative assessment tool to identify at‐risk patients, collaboration between physical therapy and OR staff members regarding patient positioning, and neurophysiological monitoring can help prevent peripheral nerve injuries.
Preoperative Localization of Parathyroid Adenomas Using 4-Dimensional Computed Tomography: A Pictorial Essay
Authors: Ellika Shehanaz , Patel Suresh , Aho Todd , Marin Horia
Published: December 2012

Accurate preoperative localization is the key to successful parathyroid surgery in the era of minimally invasive parathyroid surgery. This article presents and discusses the embryologic basis of parathyroid gland and ectopic location and different imaging modalities helpful in diagnosing and localizing parathyroid adenomas and/or hyperplasia. We also aim to review the current surgical concepts in treatment of parathyroid adenomas and/or hyperplasia, the utility of 4-dimensional computed tomography for accurate preoperative localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands, imaging classification of adenomas and/or hyperplasia, and, finally, present some of the limitations of 4-dimensional computed tomography.
Mechanism of long‐range proton translocation along biological membranes
Authors: Medvedev Emile S. , Stuchebrukhov Alexei A.
Published: December 2012

Recent experiments suggest that protons can travel along biological membranes up to tens of micrometers, but the mechanism of transport is unknown. To explain such a long‐range proton translocation we describe a model that takes into account the coupled bulk diffusion that accompanies the migration of protons on the surface. We show that protons diffusing at or near the surface before equilibrating with the bulk desorb and re‐adsorb at the surface thousands of times, giving rise to a power‐law desorption kinetics. As a result, the decay of the surface protons occurs very slowly, allowing for establishing local gradient and local exchange, as was envisioned in the early local models of biological energy transduction.
Anti‐apoptotic role of peroxiredoxin III in cervical cancer cells
Authors: Li Lianqin , Zhang Yong-Gang , Chen Chun-Ling
Published: December 2012

Our results suggest that PrxIII is an indispensable ROS scavenger, which protects tumor cells against oxidative damage and subsequent apoptosis.
A comparison of 2 methods of vaginal cuff closure during robotic hysterectomy
Authors: Neubauer Nikki L. , Schink Peter J. , Pant Alok , Singh Diljeet , Lurain John R. , Schink Julian C.
Published: December 2012

Objective

To compare 2 methods of vaginal cuff closure with regard to safety, ease of use, and postoperative outcome.

Methods

All patients undergoing robotic‐assisted total hysterectomy by a gynecologic oncologist from July 1, 2010, to July 1, 2011, at Northwestern Memorial Prentice Women's Hospital were included in a retrospective analysis. Providers used either 2–0 monofilament synthetic absorbable suture to close the vaginal cuff in a running fashion, secured with an absorbable suture clip at the angles and then knotted in the middle, or 2–0 absorbable unidirectional barbed suture with a welded‐loop closure in a running fashion.

Results

A total of 134 patients underwent robotic‐assisted total hysterectomy. The 2–0 tied monofilament closure was used in 58 patients, and the 2–0 barbed knotless closure was used in 76 patients. There were no instances of vaginal cuff dehiscence or vaginal cuff cellulitis. Rates of vaginal spotting and bleeding were comparable between the groups (12.0% spotting in the monofilament suture group vs 13.0% spotting in the barbed suture group). All vaginal cuff bleeding resolved on its own without significant intervention.

Conclusion

The use of either a 2–0 welded‐loop unidirectional barbed suture or a 2–0 monofilament absorbable suture to close the vaginal cuff is safe and well tolerated.
Disposable clean delivery kits and prevention of neonatal tetanus in the presence of skilled birth attendants
Authors: Raza Syed A. , Avan Bilal I.
Published: December 2012

Objective

To determine whether the use of disposable clean delivery kits (CDKs) is effective in reducing neonatal tetanus (NNT) infection, regardless of the skills of birth attendants in resource‐poor settings.

Methods

A secondary analysis was conducted on data from a matched case–control study in Karachi, Pakistan, involving 140 NNT cases and 280 controls between 1998 and 2001. Conditional logistic regression was performed to assess the independent effect on NNT of CDKs and skilled birth attendants (SBAs).

Results

After adjustment for socioeconomic factors, both CDKs (adjusted matched odds ratio [mOR] 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3–3.1) and SBAs (adjusted mOR 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1–2.7) were independently associated with NNT. The association with CDKs remained significant when additionally adjusted for SBAs (mOR 2.0; 95% CI, 1.0–3.9; P = 0.05). The population attributable risk for lack of CDK use was 24% in the study setting.

Conclusion

In the context of resource‐poor settings in low‐income countries with poor coverage of tetanus toxoid immunization, the use of CDKs seems to be an effective strategy for reducing NNT infection, irrespective of the skill levels of birth attendants. Approximately one‐quarter of NNT cases could be prevented in low‐income populations with the use of CDKs.
Understanding and attitudes of Brazilian men with regard to premenstrual syndrome
Authors: Makuch María Y. , Osis Maria J.D. , de Pádua Karla Simonia , Bahamondes Luis
Published: December 2012

Objective

To assess the understanding and attitudes of Brazilian men regarding premenstrual syndrome (PMS).

Methods

In a survey‐based study between September 2007 and April 2008, information was collected from men aged 18–40 years who were attending public healthcare services or were university and faculty staff at 5 cities in different geographic regions of Brazil and the Federal District.

Results

In total, 527 men were interviewed. Of these, 86.3% had heard of PMS, and 34.3% reported that it is a natural part of the menstrual cycle. The most commonly reported characteristics of PMS were emotional symptoms (55.2%), including nervousness or anxiety; irritability, anger, or aggressiveness; and a greater tendency to start arguments and fights. A significant relationship was found between men who had heard of PMS and being aged 20–35 years, having a university degree, being white, and belonging to a higher socioeconomic stratum (P < 0.001). Furthermore, men with a university degree were more likely to know that PMS symptoms occur before menses (P < 0.004).

Conclusion

Many of the men interviewed were knowledgeable about PMS symptoms; however, this awareness was more common among men of higher socioeconomic strata with more years of schooling.
Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney
Authors: Zheng Shuo , Yuan Hai Chao , Liu Liang Ren , Wei Qiang , Han Ping
Published: December 2012

A 44‐year‐old woman who underwent radical nephrectomy due to a left renal mass presented to our clinic. Results of the histopathological examination showed a mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney, a rare benign lesion of the kidney. The epidemiology, histopathological features, imaging features, possible pathogeneses, and treatment alternatives are discussed, and the relevant literature is reviewed. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was free of local recurrence or metastasis until the last follow‐up (12 months).
Internalisierende Symptome bei depressiven Jugendlichen
Authors: Gander Manuela , Buchheim Anna
Published: December 2012

Fragestellung: Um die Effektivität von Lehrerausbildungsprogrammen zu verbessern, ist es wichtig die unterschiedlichen Manifestationsformen der Depression bei jugendlichen Schüler und Schülerinnen gründlicher zu analysieren. Diese Studie untersucht die Ausprägung und Häufigkeit internalisierender Auffälligkeiten bei Jugendlichen mit depressiver Symptomatik und deren Zusammenhang zu einem erhöhten Suizidrisiko. Methodik: Mit dem Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale-2, dem Youth Self-Report und dem Suicide Probability Scale wurden 403 Jugendliche an österreichischen allgemeinbildenden höheren Schulen (212 Mädchen und 191 Buben) im Alter zwischen 16 und 18 Jahren untersucht. Ergebnisse: 35 %, also über ein Drittel der Jugendlichen mit depressiven Symptomen, liegen zwar im internalisierend auffälligen Bereich, jedoch zeigen sie keine Auffälligkeiten im externalisierenden Bereich. Anhand der Regressionsanalyse zeigte sich, dass im internalisierenden Bereich insbesondere körperliche Beschwerden, Angst und Depressivität ausgeprägt sind. Neben diesen deuten aber auch Aufmerksamkeitsprobleme und schizoid zwanghaftes Verhalten auf eine depressive Symptomatik hin. Hinsichtlich des Suizidrisikos sind Depressivität, Angst, schizoid zwanghaftes Verhalten, soziale Probleme und aggressives Verhalten prädiktiv. Schlussfolgerungen: Diese Studienergebnisse werden im Zusammenhang mit bereits bestehenden Studien zur Erkennung von Verhaltensauffälligkeiten im schulischen Kontext diskutiert. Durch die Integration der Ergebnisse in Aus- und Fortbildung von Lehrpersonen soll eine Sensibilisierung auf den Bereich depressiver Jugendlicher mit internalisierenden Symptomen ermöglicht und die Identifikation erleichtert werden.
«The Child is Father of the Man»
Authors: Fuchs Martin , Bösch Angelika , Hausmann Armand , Steiner Hans
Published: December 2012

Die Epidemiologie beschäftigt sich mit der Häufigkeit und der Art des Auftretens von Erkrankungen in bestimmten Gruppen der Gesellschaft. Umfangreiche Studien mit solider Datenlage können mittlerweile zeigen, dass psychische Störungen in der Gruppe der Kinder und Jugendlichen weltweit häufige Phänomene sind. Im vorliegenden Review soll ein Überblick über aktuelle und relevante Studien geboten werden. Internationale und deutschsprachige Arbeiten zu Häufigkeit, Diagnoseverteilung, Verlauf sowie zur unterschiedlichen geschlechtlichen Verteilung von psychischen Störungen in der Altersgruppe der Kinder und Jugendlichen werden vorgestellt. Weiters wird auf methodische Herausforderungen in der Befunderhebung Bezug genommen. Originalarbeiten werden mit Zitaten aus aktuellen Lehrbüchern ergänzt.
A Case of Catatonia in a 14-Year-Old Girl with Schizophrenia Treated with Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Häßler Frank , Reis Olaf , Weirich Steffen , Höppner Jacqueline , Pohl Birgit , Buchmann Johannes
Published: December 2012

This article presents a case of a 14-year-old female twin with schizophrenia who developed severe catatonia following treatment with olanzapine. Under a combined treatment with amantadine, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and (currently) ziprasidone alone she improved markedly. Severity and course of catatonia including treatment response were evaluated with the Bush-Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS). This case report emphasizes the benefit of ECT in the treatment of catatonic symptoms in an adolescent patient with schizophrenic illness.
ZEPPELIN 0 – 3: Theoretische Grundlagen, Konzept und Implementation des frühkindlichen Förderprogramms „PAT – Mit Eltern Lernen“
Authors: Lanfranchi Andrea , Neuhauser Alex
Published: December 2012

Zusammenfassung. Angesichts der engen Verknüpfung von familialer Herkunft und Bildungslaufbahn in deutschsprachigen Länder soll das Grundproblem der ungleich verteilten Bildungschancen von Beginn an, das heißt noch vor oder kurz nach der Geburt des Kindes, bei der Familie als Bildungsort angegangen werden. Zu diesem Zweck wird in der longitudinal angelegten Interventionsstudie ZEPPELIN 0 – 3 (2011 – 2015; Follow-up 2018 und 2024) die Frage untersucht, ob Maßnahmen der selektiven Prävention ab Geburt die Bildungschancen von Kindern aus Familien in psychosozialen Risikokonstellationen erhöhen. Der Beitrag befasst sich mit dem Konzept zur Früherkennung und frühen Förderung und diskutiert Ergebnisse und Erfahrungen aus der im Vorfeld durchgeführten Machbarkeitsstudie (2009 – 2011).
Das Konzept der Sensitiven Responsivität
Authors: Remsperger Regina
Published: December 2012

Zusammenfassung. Zur Untersuchung des pädagogischen Antwortverhaltens in der ErzieherInnen-Kind-Interaktion wurde auf der Grundlage von Ainsworth’s (1974) Feinfühligkeits-Konzept ein neues Konzept zur Sensitiven Responsivität generiert, das in einem mehr-schrittigen Analyseprozess differenziert operationalisiert wurde. Mit diesem Konzept ist es möglich, Interaktionen zwischen pädagogischen Fachkräften und Kindern im Kita-Alltag zu beobachten und sowohl das Verhalten von Fachkräften als auch die Interaktionsbeiträge der Kinder sehr nuanciert zu beschreiben. Dieser Beitrag fokussiert auf die Darlegung des methodischen Vorgehens zur Definition und Operationalisierung Sensitiver Responsivität und diskutiert Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des Konzepts.
Die Bedeutung des Teams für die Interaktionsqualität in Kinderkrippen
Authors: Wertfein Monika , Müller Kerstin , Danay Erik
Published: December 2012

Zusammenfassung. Die Fachkraft-Kind-Interaktion ist einer der wichtigsten Faktoren erfolgreicher Erziehung, jedoch sind deren Bedingungen bislang nur unvollständig untersucht. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht den Zusammenhang von Struktur- und Teamqualität und deren Einfluss auf Interaktionsqualität. Die pädagogische Qualität wurde in 104 Krippengruppen mittels Selbstbeurteilungsfragebögen und dem Beobachtungsinstrument KRIPS-R erhoben. Teamqualität wurde in beiden Verfahren erfasst. Die Zusammenhänge wurden pfadanalytisch überprüft, wobei die Teamqualität als Mediator eingesetzt wurde. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Strukturqualität keinen eigenständigen Einfluss auf die Interaktionsqualität ausübt, sondern über die Teamqualität (KRIPS-R) wirkt, was einer vollständigen Mediation entspricht. Dies impliziert, dass das pädagogische Team und dort freigesetzte Ressourcen von entscheidender Bedeutung für die Prozessqualität sind und deshalb zentraler Bestandteil von Maßnahmen zur Qualitätsentwicklung in Kinderkrippen sein müssen.