bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Teachers’ Perception of Space in Education
Authors: Fridl Jerneja , Urbanc Mimi , Pipan Primož
Published: December 2009

In addition to environmental problems, spatial pressures are also being exacerbated by increasing economic development, the prosperity of the European population, and the increasing needs of various activities. These can only be mitigated through carefully planned use of space, which demands more active inclusion of the public in addition to relevant services. For successful public inclusion it is important for both individuals and social communities to be aware that space is a limited commodity exposed to increasing social and economic pressure. This kind of awareness demands an informed and educated population that will not only build its attitude towards space based on conceptual knowledge, but also supplement this through perceptual knowledge obtained in education. Active, responsible, and critical citizens can only be cultivated by properly educated, informed, and motivated teachers. These teachers can use new methods to address many existing topics and include new topics to considerably broaden their students’ minds. This is also what this paper seeks to demonstrate. It focuses on the comprehension of space through spatial perception, further development of routine conceptual knowledge through fieldwork, and the possibility of applying selected methods to learning processes. The goal of these efforts will be achieved when individuals and society understand that space is a limited commodity and that the attitude towards it must change as soon as possible if space is to be preserved for future generations in the spirit of sustainable development.
Public perception of coastal zone environmental problems in the Samsun province, Turkey
Authors: Şahin Kemalettin
Published: December 2009

During the past few decades, the Samsun coast has been subjected to various human impacts that have led to changes in the coastal zone of this the area. This paper is an attempt to understand and define how residents and beach users perceive coastal zone problems in Samsun province based on their perceptions. For this purpose, a questionnaire survey was conducted during the months of June and July in 2005 and 2006 on 500 residents and beach users at eight beaches along the 121-kilometer Samsun shoreline on the north side of Turkey. The questionnaire data was collected through a direct interview. Analysis of interview data reveals that the respondents perceive coastal seawater pollution (89%), beach pollution, the loss of beach plain (67%), and changes in land use (91%) as the main problems of the coastal zone. The main factors blamed for coastal seawater pollution are sewage (98%), industrial waste (74%), and waste oils discharged by ships (38%). It is clear from the results of the survey that residents and beach users are not sufficiently aware of the coastal zone problems. The most important recommendation for solving these problems is increasing environmental awareness. To this end, environmental education activities are necessary for the conservation of coastal zone ecosystems.
Segregación residencial de los extranjeros en el área metropolitana de Madrid. Un análisis cuantitativo
Authors: Echazarra Alfonso
Published: December 2009

El siguiente artículo se propone tres objetivos. En primer lugar, mostrar la relevancia del lugar de residencia para el desarrollo vital de sus habitantes a través de su relación con los demás espacios de socialización y con los procesos de exclusión social. En segundo lugar, medir la segregación residencial de los extranjeros en el área metropolitana de Madrid en cuatro de las cinco dimensiones propuestas por Denton y Massey (1988), además de utilizar otras medidas menos comunes en la literatura y una nueva medida basada en el índice de disimilitud. Por último, identificar las características de los grupos de extranjeros que se encuentran asociadas a la segregación residencial. En concreto, pretendo averiguar si la segregación urbana está asociada con la situación económica y los rasgos culturales de la población extranjera. El trabajo analiza la distribución residencial de 46 nacionalidades y demuestra que tanto los aspectos culturales como económicos están asociados con la segregación residencial, si bien el trabajo no es capaz de determinar con precisión los mecanismos causales que se esconden detrás de estas correlaciones.
Mechanisms and Consequences of Ebolavirus-Induced Lymphocyte Apoptosis
Authors: Bradfute Steven B. , Swanson Paul E. , Smith Mark A. , Watanabe Eizo , McDunn Jonathan E. , Hotchkiss Richard S. , Bavari Sina
Published: December 2009

Ebolavirus (EBOV) is a member of the filovirus family and causes severe hemorrhagic fever, resulting in death in up to 90% of infected humans. EBOV infection induces massive bystander lymphocyte apoptosis; however, neither the cellular apoptotic pathway(s) nor the systemic implications of lymphocyte apoptosis in EBOV infection are known. In this study, we show data suggesting that EBOV-induced lymphocyte apoptosis in vivo occurs via both the death receptor (extrinsic) and mitochondrial (intrinsic) pathways, as both Fas-associated death domain dominant negative transgenic mice and mice overexpressing bcl-2 were resistant to EBOV-induced lymphocyte apoptosis. Surprisingly, inhibiting lymphocyte apoptosis during EBOV infection did not result in improved animal survival. Furthermore, we show for the first time that hepatocyte apoptosis likely occurs in EBOV infection, and that mice lacking the proapoptotic genes Bim and Bid had reduced hepatocyte apoptosis and liver enzyme levels postinfection. Collectively, these data suggest that EBOV induces multiple proapoptotic stimuli and that blocking lymphocyte apoptosis is not sufficient to improve survival in EBOV infection. These data suggest that hepatocyte apoptosis may play a role in the pathogenesis of EBOV infection, whereas lymphocyte apoptosis appears to be nonessential for EBOV disease progression.
Proteases in MHC Class I Presentation and Cross-Presentation
Authors: Rock Kenneth L. , Farfán-Arribas Diego J. , Shen Lianjun
Published: December 2009

Cells that have mutated their genes or are virally infected are a potential threat to a host. Consequently, the immune system has evolved mechanisms for CD8 T lymphocytes to identify such cells and eliminate them. The generation of CD8 T cell responses occurs in two phases, both of which critically involve the process of Ag presentation. In the first phase, sentinel cells gather Ags present in tissues and then present them to naive CD8 T cells in ways that stimulate their maturation into effectors. In the second phase, these effector cells seek out and eliminate the pathological cells. The abnormal cells are identified through their presentation of immunogenic Ags that they are producing. The Ag presentation mechanisms used by the sentinel cells can be different from those in other cells. This article will review these mechanisms with a focus in each case on how antigenic peptides are generated for presentation.
Oxycellulose: Significant characteristics in relation to its pharmaceutical and medical applications
Authors: Martina Bajerová , Kateřina Krejčová , Miloslava Rabišková , Jan Gajdziok , Ruta Masteiková
Published: December 2009

As a biomaterial, cellulose can be converted into a wide range of derivatives with desired properties for a variety of medical, biomedical, and pharmaceutical applications. The oxidation of cellulose yields oxidized cellulose (OC, oxycellulose, 6‐carboxycellulose). OC represents an important class of biocompatible and bioresorbable polymers. In vivo bioabsorption of OC occurs via chemical depolymerization and enzymatic hydrolysis. Despite the fact OC is well established as a hemostatic agent and is widely used in a clinical practice, it still attracts a great interest and its new applications, especially pharmaceutical, are investigated. The present review is focused on characterization of OC's physical and chemical properties. Its synthesis and mechanisms involved in its in vivo and in vitro biodegradation are discussed. Medical and biomedical applications of OC are summarized, and especially its hemostatic, enterosorbent, and wound‐healing properties are described. In addition to these applications, OC could be used as a pharmaceutical excipient in solid (e.g., tablets, microparticles), semisolid (e.g., gels), as well as liquid (e.g., suspensions) dosage forms. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 28:199–208, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20161
Randomized clinical trial of radiofrequency ablation or conventional high ligation and stripping for great saphenous varicose veins
Authors: Subramonia S , Lees T
Published: December 2009

Background

This randomized clinical trial compared early outcomes after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and conventional surgery for varicose veins.

Methods

Consecutive patients with symptomatic varicose veins due to isolated great saphenous vein (GSV) incompetence and suitable for RFA were randomized to either RFA or conventional surgery (saphenofemoral disconnection and stripping). Clinical, radiological and patient-based outcomes were recorded at 1 and 5 weeks after intervention.

Results

RFA resulted in successful obliteration of the GSV in all 47 patients. Complete above-knee stripping was unsuccessful in seven of 41 patients. RFA took longer than conventional surgery: median interquartile range 76 (67–84) versus 48 (39–54) min; P < 0·001. Patients returned to their normal activities significantly earlier after RFA (median 3 (2–5) versus 12·5 (4–21) days; P < 0·001). Postoperative pain was significantly less after RFA (median score on visual analogue scale 1·70 (0·50–4·30) versus 4·0 (2·35–6·05); P = 0·001). Patient satisfaction, quality of life improvement and analgesic requirements significantly favoured RFA.

Conclusion

RFA took longer to perform but resulted in a significantly better early outcome than conventional surgery in suitable patients with great saphenous varicose veins. Registration number: ISRCTN29015169 (http://www.controlled-trials.com).
Tear analysis of ascorbic acid, uric acid and malondialdehyde with capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Georgakopoulos Constantine D. , Lamari Fotini N. , Karathanasopoulou Ioanna N. , Gartaganis Vassiliki S. , Pharmakakis Nikolaos M. , Karamanos Nikos K.
Published: December 2009

Tears have a significant role in antioxidant defense in ocular tissues and since their collection is quick and noninvasive, their analysis would facilitate monitoring of pathophysiological changes. However, their low volume and low content of antioxidants makes analysis difficult; methods of high sensitivity are needed. In this paper, we present a method for tear analysis of two antioxidant molecules (ascorbic and uric acid) and of a lipid peroxidation indicator (malondialdehyde) with capillary electrophoresis. Tears were collected with Schirmer strips, extracted with a low‐pH phosphate buffer, centrifuged through membrane filters and an antioxidant was added. They were stable at −70°C for 15 days. After pilot experiments, optimum electrophoretic separation was achieved in a 25 mm borate buffer, pH 10.0, containing 100 mm sodium dodecyl sulfate at 25°C and 20 kV. The developed method has good repeatability (<5% RSD), precision (<15% relative error values) and high sensitivity (LLOQ values of 20, 2.3 and 2.5 μM for ascorbate, urate and malondialdehyde, respectively). It was applied to the analysis of tears from healthy individuals and the antioxidant levels are in agreement with those obtained with other techniques. This method might serve as a tool to clarify the role of endogenous antioxidants in the pathophysiology of ocular diseases. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brain salvage for cardiac cerebral embolism following myocardial infarction
Authors: Kawarada Osami , Yokoi Yoshiaki
Published: December 2009

Acute ischemic stroke due to thromboembolism from the left ventricle is a serious complication following myocardial infarction (MI). Despite the attention given to acute stroke intervention, peri‐MI ischemic stroke is an underappreciated condition. Here, we describe a case of acute cardiac thromboembolic occlusion of the middle cerebral artery with preceding MI in which brain salvage was achieved by balloon angioplasty. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
“The chimney graft”—A simple technique for endovascular repair of complex juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms in no‐option patients
Authors: Allaqaband Suhail , Jan M. Fuad , Bajwa Tanvir
Published: December 2009

Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) has developed as a less invasive alternative to open surgery for patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms. However, patients with very short infrarenal necks require complex surgical open repair, which is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. The risk of complex open repair may be prohibitive in high‐risk patients. Thus, modifying the technique of EVAR may be required in such patients to successfully exclude aneurysms. An alternative that can be used in these patients is the so‐called “chimney graft” technique. We report two cases where the chimney graft technique was used with good immediate results. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trans‐catheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus—What is the best device?
Authors: Ghasemi Abdolrahim , Pandya Swati , Reddy Surendranath Veeram , Turner Daniel R. , Du Wei , Navabi Mohamad Ali , Mirzaaghayan Mohammad Reza , Kiani Abdolrazagh , Sloan Katherine , Forbes Thomas J.
Published: December 2009

Background: Over the past three decades, transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) has evolved to be the procedure of choice. Gianturco and Flipper coils are the most commonly used coils in the United States for closure of small and moderate size PDAs. For larger PDAs, interventionalists in the United States commonly use the Amplatzer Duct Occluder (ADO) and those in Europe use the ADO or the Nit‐Occlud Coils (NOC). A comparison between Gianturco coils, Flipper coils, ADO, and NOC has never been made. Objective: To compare the success and complication rate associated with the four different devices used for transcatheter closure of PDA. Success was defined as complete closure of PDA with absence of a residual shunt (R.S.) at six months follow‐up. Methods: Two institutions collaborated in combining their data to evaluate the results of transcatheter closure of PDA. Results: Totally, 546 patients underwent successful PDA occlusion at both institutions. Gianturco and Flipper coils were used in 120 (22%) and 119 (22%) patients respectively. A total of 152 (28%) patients received ADO and 155 (28%) patients received NOC. Immediate R.S. were noted in 226 (41.4%) patients in the entire study group with the NOC group having the highest percentage of R.S. (80/155, 51.6%, P = 0.004). Of the 484 patients with follow‐up echocardiograms at 6 months, 35 (7.2%) patients had persistent R.S. The NOC (3/143, 2.1%) and ADO (5/150, 3.3%) groups had the least R.S. at six months follow‐up. Conclusion: Per our definition of success, the Nit‐Occlud coils and the Amplatzer duct‐occluder devices had significantly higher success rate for PDA occlusion versus the coils. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cardiovascular computed tomographic angiography evaluation following unsuccessful invasive angiography: The clinical utility of 3D volume rendering
Authors: Gopal Ambarish , Silvet Helme , Foster Gary P.
Published: December 2009

In an appropriate clinical setting, cardiac CT angiography (CCT) can be used as a safe and effective noninvasive imaging modality for defining coronary arterial anatomy by providing detailed three‐dimensional anatomic information that may be difficult to obtain with invasive coronary angiography (ICA). We present a patient where coronary angiography by ICA was unsuccessful and where the subsequent CCT proved to be very useful in providing us relevant information. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thermally Stable Porous Hydrogen‐Bonded Coordination Networks Displaying Dual Properties of Robustness and Dynamics upon Guest Uptake
Authors: Jiang Ji‐Jun , Li Lei , Lan Mei‐Hua , Pan Mei , Eichhöfer Andreas , Fenske Dieter , Su Cheng‐Yong
Published: December 2009

Two series of microporous lanthanide coordination networks of the general formula, {[Ln(ntb)Cl3]⋅ x H2O}n (series 1: monoclinic C2/c, Ln=Sm and Tb; series 2: hexagonal P31/c, Ln=Sm and Eu; ntb=tris(benzimidazol‐2‐ylmethyl)amine, x=0–4) have been synthesized and characterized by IR, elemental analyses, thermal gravimetry, and single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction methods. In both series, the monomeric [Ln(ntb)Cl3] coordination units are consolidated by NH⋅⋅⋅Cl or CH⋅⋅⋅Cl hydrogen bonds to sustain three‐dimensional (3D) networks. However, the different modes of hydrogen bonding in the two series lead to crystallization of the same [Ln(ntb)Cl3] monomers in different forms (monoclinic vs. hexagonal), consequently giving rise to distinct porous structures. The resulting hydrogen‐bonded coordination networks display high thermal stability and robustness in water removal/inclusion processes, which was confirmed by temperature‐dependent single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal transformation measurements. Adsorption studies with H2, CO2, and MeOH have been carried out, and reveal distinct differences in adsorption behavior between the two forms. In the case of MeOH uptake, the monoclinic network shows a normal type I isotherm, whereas the hexagonal network displays dynamic porous properties.
Pincer‐Type Heck Catalysts and Mechanisms Based on PdIV Intermediates: A Computational Study
Authors: Blacque Olivier , Frech Christian M.
Published: December 2009

Pincer‐type palladium complexes are among the most active Heck catalysts. Due to their exceptionally high thermal stability and the fact that they contain PdII centers, controversial PdII/PdIV cycles have been often proposed as potential catalytic mechanisms. However, pincer‐type PdIV intermediates have never been experimentally observed, and computational studies to support the proposed PdII/PdIV mechanisms with pincer‐type catalysts have never been carried out. In this computational study the feasibility of potential catalytic cycles involving PdIV intermediates was explored. Density functional calculations were performed on experimentally applied aminophosphine‐, phosphine‐, and phosphite‐based pincer‐type Heck catalysts with styrene and phenyl bromide as substrates and (E)‐stilbene as coupling product. The potential‐energy surfaces were calculated in dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent and demonstrate that PdII/PdIV mechanisms are thermally accessible and thus a true alternative to formation of palladium nanoparticles. Initial reaction steps of the lowest energy path of the catalytic cycle of the Heck reaction include dissociation of the chloride ligands from the neutral pincer complexes [{2,6‐C6H3(XPR2)2}Pd(Cl)] [X=NH, R=piperidinyl (1 a); X=O, R=piperidinyl (1 b); X=O, R=iPr (1 c); X=CH2, R=iPr (1 d)] to yield cationic, three‐coordinate, T‐shaped 14e− palladium intermediates of type [{2,6‐C6H3(XPR2)2}Pd]+ (2). An alternative reaction path to generate complexes of type 2 (relevant for electron‐poor pincer complexes) includes initial coordination of styrene to 1 to yield styrene adducts [{2,6‐C6H3(XPR2)2}Pd(Cl)(CH2CHPh)] (4) and consecutive dissociation of the chloride ligand to yield cationic square‐planar styrene complexes [{2,6‐C6H3(XPR2)2}Pd(CH2CHPh)]+ (6) and styrene. Cationic styrene adducts of type 6 were additionally found to be the resting states of the catalytic reaction. However, oxidative addition of phenyl bromide to 2 result in pentacoordinate PdIV complexes of type [{2,6‐C6H3(XPR2)2}Pd(Br)(C6H5)]+ (11), which subsequently coordinate styrene (in trans position relative to the phenyl unit of the pincer cores) to yield hexacoordinate phenyl styrene complexes [{2,6‐C6H3(XPR2)2}Pd(Br)(C6H5)(CH2CHPh)]+ (12). Migration of the phenyl ligand to the olefinic bond gives cationic, pentacoordinate phenylethenyl complexes [{2,6‐C6H3(XPR2)2}Pd(Br)(CHPhCH2Ph)]+ (13). Subsequent β‐hydride elimination induces direct HBr liberation to yield cationic, square‐planar (E)‐stilbene complexes with general formula [{2,6‐C6H3(XPR2)2}Pd(CHPhCHPh)]+ (14). Subsequent liberation of (E)‐stilbene closes the catalytic cycle.
Symmetrization of Cationic Hydrogen Bridges of Protonated Sponges Induced by Solvent and Counteranion Interactions as Revealed by NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Pietrzak Mariusz , Wehling Jens P. , Kong Shushu , Tolstoy Peter M. , Shenderovich Ilya G. , López Concepción , Claramunt Rosa María , Elguero José , Denisov Gleb S. , Limbach Hans‐Heinrich
Published: December 2009

The properties of the intramolecular hydrogen bonds of doubly 15N‐labeled protonated sponges of the 1,8‐bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene (DMANH+) type have been studied as a function of the solvent, counteranion, and temperature using low‐temperature NMR spectroscopy. Information about the hydrogen‐bond symmetries was obtained by the analysis of the chemical shifts δH and δN and the scalar coupling constants J(N,N), J(N,H), J(H,N) of the 15NH15N hydrogen bonds. Whereas the individual couplings J(N,H) and J(H,N) were averaged by a fast intramolecular proton tautomerism between two forms, it is shown that the sum |J(N,H)+J(H,N)| generally represents a measure of the hydrogen‐bond strength in a similar way to δH and J(N,N). The NMR spectroscopic parameters of DMANH+ and of 4‐nitro‐DMANH+ are independent of the anion in the case of CD3CN, which indicates ion‐pair dissociation in this solvent. By contrast, studies using CD2Cl2, [D8]toluene as well as the freon mixture CDF3/CDF2Cl, which is liquid down to 100 K, revealed an influence of temperature and of the counteranions. Whereas a small counteranion such as trifluoroacetate perturbed the hydrogen bond, the large noncoordinating anion tetrakis[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate B[{C6H3(CF3)2}4]− (BARF−), which exhibits a delocalized charge, made the hydrogen bond more symmetric. Lowering the temperature led to a similar symmetrization, an effect that is discussed in terms of solvent ordering at low temperature and differential solvent order/disorder at high temperatures. By contrast, toluene molecules that are ordered around the cation led to typical high‐field shifts of the hydrogen‐bonded proton as well as of those bound to carbon, an effect that is absent in the case of neutral NHN chelates.
Colourimetric Carboxylate Anion Sensors Derived from Viologen‐Based Receptors
Authors: Swinburne Adam N. , Paterson Martin J. , Fischer Kathrin H. , Dickson Sara Jane , Wallace Emma V. B. , Belcher Warwick J. , Beeby Andrew , Steed Jonathan W.
Published: December 2009

A series of tri‐ and tetrapodal viologen‐based anion receptors showing a colourimetric response to carboxylates, such as acetate, have been synthesised. Alteration of the anion binding sites allows for binding site competition within a receptor. This results in a delayed colourimetric response for urea derivatives compared with pyridinium systems because the anions are initially bound to the periphery of the receptor, away from the viologen unit. DFT calculations and experimental measurements allow the colour change to be assigned to an anion–receptor charge‐transfer process, facilitated by the exceptionally low reduction potential of the cationic host compounds. Evidence for electron transfer to give the viologen radical cation is also seen in some cases.
Dynamic Supramolecular Polymers Based on Benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxamides: The Influence of Amide Connectivity on Aggregate Stability and Amplification of Chirality
Authors: Stals Patrick J. M. , Everts Jeffrey C. , de Bruijn Robin , Filot Ivo A. W. , Smulders Maarten M. J. , Martín‐Rapún Rafael , Pidko Evgeny A. , de Greef Tom F. A. , Palmans Anja R. A. , Meijer E. W.
Published: December 2009

N‐Centred benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxamides (N‐BTAs) composed of chiral and achiral alkyl substituents were synthesised and their solid‐state behaviour and self‐assembly in dilute alkane solutions were investigated. A combination of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarisation optical microscopy (POM) and X‐ray diffraction revealed that the chiral N‐BTA derivatives with branched 3,7‐dimethyloctanoyl chains were liquid crystalline and the mesophase was assigned as Colho. In contrast, N‐BTA derivatives with linear tetradecanoyl or octanoyl chains lacked a mesophase and were obtained as crystalline compounds. Variable‐temperature infrared spectroscopy showed the presence of threefold, intermolecular hydrogen bonding between neighbouring molecules in the mesophase of the chiral N‐BTAs. In the crystalline state at room temperature a more complicated packing between the molecules was observed. Ultraviolet and circular dichroism spectroscopy on dilute solutions of N‐BTAs revealed a cooperative self‐assembly behaviour of the N‐BTA molecules into supramolecular polymers with preferred helicity when chiral alkyl chains were present. Both the sergeants‐and‐soldiers as well as the majority‐rules principles were operative in stacks of N‐BTAs. In fact, the self‐assembly of N‐BTAs resembles closely that of their carbonyl (CO)‐centred counterparts, with the exception that aggregation is weaker and amplification of chirality is less pronounced. The differences in the self‐assembly of N‐ and CO‐BTAs were analysed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. These reveal a substantially lower interaction energy between the monomeric units in the supramolecular polymers of N‐BTAs. The lower interaction energy is due to the higher energy penalty for rotation around the PhNH bond compared to the PhCO bond and the diminished magnitude of dipole–dipole interactions. Finally, we observed that mixed stacks are formed in dilute solution when mixing N‐BTAs and CO BTAs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermodynamic and Structural Investigations of Ammonium Borohydride, a Solid with a Highest Content of Thermodynamically and Kinetically Accessible Hydrogen.
Authors: Karkamkar Abhijeet , Kathmann Shawn M. , Schenter Gregory K. , Heldebrant David J. , Hess Nancy , Gutowski Maciej , Autrey Tom
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Transport Properties of Undoped and Br‐Doped PbTe Sintered at High‐Temperature and Pressure ≥ 4.0 GPa.
Authors: Dong Yongkwan , McGuire Michael A. , Malik Abds‐Sami , DiSalvo Francis J.
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot, High‐Yield Synthesis of Titanate Nanotube Bundles Decorated by Pd (Au) Clusters for Stable Electrooxidation of Methanol.
Authors: Xue Xiudong , Gu Li , Cao Xuebo , Song Yingying , Zhu Lianwen , Chen Peng
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Lanthanum Phosphite Microspheres: Hydrothermal Synthesis, ab initio Structure Determination, Morphology and Photoluminescence of La(HO)(HPO3).
Authors: Xiong Ding‐Bang , Zhao Yu‐Feng , Gulay Lubomir D. , Zhao Jing‐Tai
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of 12L‐Perovskites Ba4LnIr3O12 (Ln = Lanthanides).
Authors: Shimoda Yuki , Doi Yoshihiro , Wakeshima Makoto , Hinatsu Yukio
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Al Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Regiodivergent 1,2‐Rearrangement of α‐Siloxy Aldehydes: Scope and Mechanism.
Authors: Ohmatsu Kohsuke , Tanaka Takayuki , Ooi Takashi , Maruoka Keiji
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Convenient Oxidation of Thiols to Symmetrical Disulfide with Silica—PCl5/NaNO2 in Water.
Authors: Pathak Uma , Pandey Lokesh Kumar , Mathur Sweta
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Facile Method for the Nitration of Aromatic Compounds by Nitric Acid in Micellar Media.
Authors: Sana S. , Tasneem Tasneem , Ali M. Moazzam , Rajanna K. C. , Saiprakash P. K.
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Catalytic, Broensted Base Strategy for Intermolecular Allylic C—H Amination.
Authors: Reed Sean A. , Mazzotti Anthony R. , White M. Christina
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Thio FCMA Intermediates as Strong Acyl Donors: A General Solution to the Formation of Complex Amide Bonds.
Authors: Rao Yu , Li Xuechen , Danishefsky Samuel J.
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Secondary or Tertiary Aliphatic Amines in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Simion Alina Marieta , Arimura Takashi , Miyazawa Akira , Simion Cristian , Prakash G. K. Surya , Olah George A. , Tashiro Masashi
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: B‐Alkylcatecholborane‐Mediated Tandem Radical Conjugated Addition—Aldol Cyclization.
Authors: Beauseigneur Alice , Ericsson Cecilia , Renaud Philippe , Schenk Kurt
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogen‐Bonding Asymmetric Metal Catalysis with α‐Amino Acids: A Simple and Tunable Approach to High Enantioinduction.
Authors: Lu Yingdong , Johnstone Tim C. , Arndtsen Bruce A.
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Simple Alkenes to Enones.
Authors: Ogoshi Sensuke , Haba Toshifumi , Ohashi Masato
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Aldol Reaction of Ketones with Alkenyl Trichloroacetates Catalyzed by Dibutyltin Dimethoxide and BINAP·Silver(I) Complex: Construction of a Chiral Tertiary Carbon Center.
Authors: Yanagisawa Akira , Terajima Yuuki , Sugita Kazuma , Yoshida Kazuhiro
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Approach to the Practical Synthesis of Sulfides: An InBr3—Et3SiH Catalytic System Promoted the Direct Reductive Sulfidation of Acetals with Disulfides.
Authors: Sakai Norio , Moritaka Kohei , Konakahara Takeo
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and Convenient Methods for Synthesis, Resolution and Application of Aminonaphthols.
Authors: Periasamy Mariappan , Anwar Shaik , Reddy Meda Narsi
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐Methyleneindenes via Palladium‐Catalyzed Tandem Reactions.
Authors: Ye Shengqing , Gao Ke , Zhou Haibo , Yang Xiaodi , Wu Jie
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Plicatic Acid via a Highly Enantioselective and Diastereoselective Nucleophilic Epoxidation of Acyclic Trisubstituted Olefins.
Authors: Sun Bing‐Feng , Hong Ran , Kang Yan‐Biao , Deng Li
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrasubstituted Furans by PdII‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Domino Reactions of 2‐(1‐Alkynyl)‐2‐alken‐1‐ones with Nucleophiles and Vinyl Ketones or Acrolein.
Authors: Liu Renrong , Zhang Junliang
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of Multisubstituted 3‐Pyrrolines.
Authors: Xu Jian Feng , Li Peng Bin , Wu Lu Ling , Huang Xian
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Poly(ethylene glycol): An Alternative Solvent for the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonate from Vicinal Halohydrin and Carbon Dioxide.
Authors: Wang Jing‐Lun , He Liang‐Nian , Dou Xiao‐Yong , Wu Fang
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Divergent Approach to the Synthesis of 3‐Substituted‐2‐pyrazolines: Suzuki Cross‐Coupling of 3‐Sulfonyloxy‐2‐pyrazolines.
Authors: Grimm Jonathan B. , Wilson Kevin J. , Witter David J.
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Electrochemical Synthesis of Fused Indole Derivatives Containing Active Hydroxyl Groups in Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Zeng Cheng‐Chu , Liu Fu‐Jian , Ping Da‐Wei , Hu Li‐Ming , Cai Yuan‐Li , Zhong Ru‐Gang
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Free‐Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct 4‐Arylation of Isoxazoles Using Aryl Bromides.
Authors: Fall Yacoub , Reynaud Celine , Doucet Henri , Santelli Maurice
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 6‐Substituted Imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazoles via Pd/Cu‐Mediated Sonogashira Coupling in Water.
Authors: Kamali Taghi A. , Bakherad Mohammad , Nasrollahzadeh Mahmoud , Farhangi Shiva , Habibi Davood
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Base‐Promoted Tandem Reaction of 3‐(1‐Alkynyl)chromones with 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds: An Efficient Approach to Functional Xanthones.
Authors: Zhao Lizhi , Xie Fuchun , Cheng Gang , Hu Youhong
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Silver(I)‐Mediated Selective O‐Alkylation of Aromatic Imidate Systems.
Authors: Singh Brajendra K. , Cavalluzzo Claudia , De Maeyer Marc , Debyser Zeger , Parmar Virinder S. , Van der Eycken Erik
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Phthalimido or Succinimido [2‐aryl‐4‐oxo‐3‐{2‐phenyl‐4 (3H)‐quinazolinon‐3‐yl}‐1,3‐thiazolidin‐5‐yl]ethanoate.
Authors: Sharma Shweta , Sharma Chirag , Thadhaney Bhawana , Talesara G. L.
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed [3 + 3]‐Annulation of Azomethine Imines with Propargyl Esters.
Authors: Shapiro Nathan D. , Shi Yun , Toste F. Dean
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Study of Friedel—Crafts Acylation and Baeyer—Villiger Oxidation Reactions on Benzocycloheptanones and 1‐Tetralones in Acid Media.
Authors: Peesapati Venkateswarlu , Bathini Srinivas
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Biaryl Pentacyclic Quinolonoquinoxalino‐oxazocines in Aqueous Medium Using Amberlite IRA 402(OH).
Authors: Paira Priyankar , Paira Rupankar , Hazra Abhijit , Sahu Krishnendu B. , Naskar Subhendu , Saha Pritam , Mondal Shyamal , Maity Arindam , Banerjee Sukdeb , Mondal Nirup B.
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Truncated Fluorocyclopentenyl Pyrimidines as S‐Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase Inhibitors.
Authors: Park Yeon Hee , Choi Won Jun , Tipnis Amol S. , Lee Kang Man , Jeong Lak Shin
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cooliatin, an Unprecedented Natural Dioxocyclononane from Dinoflagellate Coolia monotis from South China Sea.
Authors: Liang Ji‐Lin , Long Li‐Juan , Zhang Si , Wu Jun
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (+)‐Virgatusin via AlCl3‐Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cycloaddition.
Authors: Sanders Shanina D. , Ruiz‐Olalla Andrea , Johnson Jeffrey S.
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: ZnO Nanostructures for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Qifeng , Dandeneau Christopher S. , Zhou Xiaoyuan , Cao Guozhong
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbenes and Nitrenes
Authors: Christlieb M. , Gras E.
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Modeling of Receptors of Physiologically Active Compounds for Medicinal Chemistry Purposes
Authors: Baskin I. I. , Palyulin V. A. , Zefirov N. S.
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Patterned assembly and neurogenesis in the chick dorsal root ganglion
Authors: George Lynn , Kasemeier‐Kulesa Jennifer , Nelson Branden R. , Koyano‐Nakagawa Naoko , Lefcort Frances
Published: December 2009

The birth of small‐diameter TrkA+ neurons that mediate pain and thermoreception begins ≈24 hours after the cessation of neural crest cell migration from progenitors residing in the nascent dorsal root ganglion. Although multiple geographically distinct progenitor pools have been proposed, this study is the first to comprehensively characterize the derivation of small‐diameter neurons. In the developing chick embryo we identify novel patterns in neural crest cell migration and colonization that sculpt the incipient ganglion into a postmitotic neuronal core encapsulated by a layer of proliferative progenitor cells. Furthermore, we show that this outer progenitor layer is composed of three spatially, temporally, and molecularly distinct progenitor zones, two of which give rise to distinct populations of TrkA+ neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:405–422, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.