bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linguistic diversity and emergency health alerts: A systematic critical review
Authors: Wilding Raelene , Araujo Natalie , Velásquez Urribarrí Jessica , Stebbins Tonya , Whitby Linda , Koster Emma
Published: April 2024

Australia is a world leader in providing valuable resources that support multilingual access to healthcare services. However, the COVID‐19 pandemic revealed that these resources are not always effective in ensuring that linguistically diverse citizens have access to information in a crisis. In this paper, we consider whether authorities around the world have implemented effective approaches that might be adapted to enhance multilingual communications in public health crises in the Australian context. Using a systematic literature review, we identify strategies implemented by governments and public health authorities to effectively support communication in a range of languages during public health emergencies. Four databases were searched and resulting studies analysed. We found that substantial bodies of the literature document the communication needs of culturally and linguistically diverse communities and the role of community and religious organisations in providing that support. However, there is almost no attention to the role that governments or public health authorities might play in implementing strategies to address those needs. Analysis of the studies suggests that public health authorities could benefit from working more collaboratively with community organisations to establish communication strategies that are timely, trustworthy, efficient and capable of cultural and linguistic nuance in public health emergencies.
Cortical microinfarcts in adults with Down syndrome assessed with 3T‐MRI
Authors: Aranha Mateus Rozalem , Montal Victor , van den Brink Hilde , Pegueroles Jordi , Carmona‐Iragui Maria , Videla Laura , Maure Blesa Lucia , Benejam Bessy , Arranz Javier , Valldeneu Sílvia , Barroeta Isabel , Fernández Susana , Ribas Laia , Alcolea Daniel , González‐Ortiz Sofía , Bargalló Núria , Biessels Geert Jan , Blesa Rafael , Lleó Alberto , Coutinho Artur Martins , Leite Cláudia Costa , Bejanin Alexandre , Fortea Juan
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Cortical microinfarcts (CMI) were attributed to cerebrovascular disease and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). CAA is frequent in Down syndrome (DS) while hypertension is rare, yet no studies have assessed CMI in DS.

METHODS

We included 195 adults with DS, 63 with symptomatic sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), and 106 controls with 3T magnetic resonance imaging. We assessed CMI prevalence in each group and CMI association with age, AD clinical continuum, vascular risk factors, vascular neuroimaging findings, amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration biomarkers, and cognition in DS.

RESULTS

CMI prevalence was 11.8% in DS, 4.7% in controls, and 17.5% in sporadic AD. In DS, CMI increased in prevalence with age and the AD clinical continuum, was clustered in the parietal lobes, and was associated with lacunes and cortico‐subcortical infarcts, but not hemorrhagic lesions.

DISCUSSION

In DS, CMI are posteriorly distributed and related to ischemic but not hemorrhagic findings suggesting they might be associated with a specific ischemic CAA phenotype.

Highlights

This is the first study to assess cortical microinfarcts (assessed with 3T magnetic resonance imaging) in adults with Down syndrome (DS).

We studied the prevalence of cortical microinfarcts in DS and its relationship with age, the Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical continuum, vascular risk factors, vascular neuroimaging findings, amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration biomarkers, and cognition.

The prevalence of cortical microinfarcts was 11.8% in DS and increased with age and along the AD clinical continuum. Cortical microinfarcts were clustered in the parietal lobes, and were associated with lacunes and cortico‐subcortical infarcts, but not hemorrhagic lesions.

In DS, cortical microinfarcts are posteriorly distributed and related to ischemic but not hemorrhagic findings suggesting they might be associated with a specific ischemic phenotype of cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
Alzheimer's disease genetic risk score and neuroimaging in the FINGER lifestyle trial
Authors: Saadmaan Gazi , Dalmasso Maria Carolina , Ramirez Alfredo , Hiltunen Mikko , Kemppainen Nina , Lehtisalo Jenni , Mangialasche Francesca , Ngandu Tiia , Rinne Juha , Soininen Hilkka , Stephen Ruth , Kivipelto Miia , Solomon Alina
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION

We assessed a genetic risk score for Alzheimer's disease (AD‐GRS) and apolipoprotein E (APOE4) in an exploratory neuroimaging substudy of the FINGER trial.

METHODS

1260 at‐risk older individuals without dementia were randomized to multidomain lifestyle intervention or health advice. N = 126 participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and N = 47 positron emission tomography (PET) scans (Pittsburgh Compund B [PiB], Fluorodeoxyglucose) at baseline; N = 107 and N = 38 had repeated 2‐year scans.

RESULTS

The APOE4 allele, but not AD‐GRS, was associated with baseline lower hippocampus volume (β = −0.27, p = 0.001), greater amyloid deposition (β = 0.48, p = 0.001), 2‐year decline in hippocampus (β = −0.27, p = 0.01), total gray matter volume (β = −0.25, p = 0.01), and cortical thickness (β = −0.28, p = 0.003). In analyses stratified by AD‐GRS (below vs above median), the PiB composite score increased less in intervention versus control in the higher AD‐GRS group (β = −0.60, p = 0.03).

DISCUSSION

AD‐GRS and APOE4 may have different impacts on potential intervention effects on amyloid, that is, less accumulation in the higher‐risk group (AD‐GRS) versus lower‐risk group (APOE).

Highlights

First study of neuroimaging and AD genetics in a multidomain lifestyle intervention.

Possible intervention effect on brain amyloid deposition may rely on genetic risk.

AD‐GRS and APOE4 allele may have different impacts on amyloid during intervention.
Linking white matter hyperintensities to regional cortical thinning, amyloid deposition, and synaptic density loss in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zhang Junfang , Chen Haijuan , Wang Jie , Huang Qi , Xu Xiaomeng , Wang Wenjing , Xu Wei , Guan Yihui , Liu Jun , Wardlaw Joanna M , Deng Yulei , Xie Fang , Li Binyin
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION

We investigated the association between white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and regional cortical thickness, amyloid and tau deposition, and synaptic density in the WMH‐connected cortex using multimodal images.

METHODS

We included 107 participants (59 with Alzheimer's disease [AD]; 27 with mild cognitive impairment; 21 cognitively normal controls) with amyloid beta (Aβ) positivity on amyloid positron emission tomography (PET). The cortex connected to WMH was identified using probabilistic tractography.

RESULTS

We found that WMH connected to the cortex with more severe regional degeneration as measured by cortical thickness, Aβ and tau deposition, and synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 A (SV2A) density using 18F‐SynVesT‐1 PET. In addition, higher ratios of Aβ in the deep WMH‐connected versus WMH‐unconnected cortex were significantly related to lower cognitive scores. Last, the cortical thickness of WMH‐connected cortex reduced more than WMH‐unconnected cortex over 12 months.

DISCUSSION

Our results suggest that WMH may be associated with AD‐intrinsic processes of degeneration, in addition to vascular mechanisms.

Highlights

We studied white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and WMH‐connected cortical changes.

WMHs are associated with more severe regional cortical degeneration.

Findings suggest WMHs may be associated with Alzheimer's disease–intrinsic processes of degeneration.
Neuron‐Like Silicone Nanofilaments@Montmorillonite Nanofillers of PEO‐Based Solid‐State Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries with Wide Operation Temperature
Authors: Wang Wankai , Yang Yanfei , Yang Jie , Zhang Junping
Published: April 2024

Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)‐based composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) are promising to accelerate commercialization of solid‐state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs). Nonetheless, this is hindered by the CSEs’ limited ion conductivity at room temperature. Here, we propose design, synthesis, and application of the bioinspired neuron‐like nanofillers for PEO‐based CSEs. The neuron‐like superhydrophobic nanofillers are synthesized by controllably grafting silicone nanofilaments onto montmorillonite nanosheets. Compared to various reported fillers, the nanofillers can greatly improve ionic conductivity (4.9×10−4 S cm−1, 30 °C), Li+ transference number (0.63), oxidation stability (5.3 V) and mechanical properties of the PEO‐based CSEs because of the following facts. The distinctive neuron‐like structure and the resulting synaptic‐like connections establish numerous long‐distance continuous channels over various directions in the PEO‐based CSEs for fast and uniform Li+ transport. Consequently, the assembled SSLMBs with the CSEs and LiFePO4 or NCM811 cathodes display superior cycling stability over a wide temperature range of 50 °C to 0 °C. Surprisingly, the pouch batteries with the large‐scale prepared CSEs kept working after being repeatedly bent, folded, cut or even punched in air. We believe that design of neuron‐like nanofillers is a viable approach to produce CSEs with high room temperature ionic conductivity for SSLMBs.
Controlled Synthesis of Unconventional Phase Alloy Nanobranches for Highly Selective Electrocatalytic Nitrite Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Wang Yunhao , Xiong Yuecheng , Sun Mingzi , Zhou Jingwen , Hao Fengkun , Zhang Qinghua , Ye Chenliang , Wang Xixi , Xu Zhihang , Wa Qingbo , Liu Fu , Meng Xiang , Wang Juan , Lu Pengyi , Ma Yangbo , Yin Jinwen , Zhu Ye , Chu Shengqi , Huang Bolong , Gu Lin , Fan Zhanxi
Published: April 2024

The controlled synthesis of metal nanomaterials with unconventional phases is of significant importance to develop high‐performance catalysts for various applications. However, it remains challenging to modulate the atomic arrangements of metal nanomaterials, especially the alloy nanostructures that involve different metals with distinct redox potentials. Here we report the general one‐pot synthesis of IrNi, IrRhNi and IrFeNi alloy nanobranches with unconventional hexagonal close‐packed (hcp) phase. Notably, the as‐synthesized hcp IrNi nanobranches demonstrate excellent catalytic performance towards electrochemical nitrite reduction reaction (NO2RR), with superior NH3 Faradaic efficiency and yield rate of 98.2 % and 34.6 mg h−1 mgcat−1 (75.5 mg h−1 mgIr−1) at 0 and −0.1 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode), respectively. Ex/in situ characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that the Ir−Ni interactions within hcp IrNi alloy improve electron transfer to benefit both nitrite activation and active hydrogen generation, leading to a stronger reaction trend of NO2RR by greatly reducing energy barriers of rate‐determining step.
A Carbon‐Caged Rhodamine Generating Nitrosoperoxycarbonate for Photoimmunotherapy
Authors: Yin Lei , Zhao Bei , Zhou Jie , Huang Yunxia , Ma Hao , Zhou Ting , Mou Jie , Min Peiru , Chen Jinquan , Ge Guangbo , Qian Xuhong , Luo Xiao , Yang Youjun
Published: April 2024

Photoimmunotherapy is a promising cancer treatment modality. While potent 1‐e− oxidative species are known to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), they are also associated with unspecific oxidation and collateral tissue damage. This difficulty may be addressed by post‐generation radical reinforcement. Namely, non‐oxidative radicals are first generated and subsequently activated into powerful oxidative radicals to induce ICD. Here, we developed a photo‐triggered molecular donor (NPCD565) of nitrosoperoxycarbonate (ONOOCO2−), the first of its class to our knowledge, and further evaluated its feasibility for immunotherapy. Upon irradiation of NPCD565 by light within a broad spectral region from ultraviolet to red, ONOOCO2− is released along with a bright rhodamine dye (RD565), whose fluorescence is a reliable and convenient build‐in reporter for the localization, kinetics, and dose of ONOOCO2− generation. Upon photolysis of NPCD565 in 4T1 cells, damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) indicative of ICD were observed and confirmed to exhibit immunogenicity by induced maturation of dendritic cells. In vivo studies with a bilateral tumor‐bearing mouse model showcased the potent tumor‐killing capability of NPCD565 of the primary tumors and growth suppression of the distant tumors. This work unveils the potent immunogenicity of ONOOCO2−, and its donor (NPCD565) has broad potential for photo‐immunotherapy of cancer.
An Electrocatalytic Cascade Reaction for the Synthesis of Ketones Using CO2 as a CO Surrogate
Authors: Sheta Ahmed M. , Fernández Sergio , Liu Changwei , Dubed‐Bandomo Geyla C. , Lloret‐Fillol Julio
Published: April 2024

The construction of carbonyl compounds via carbonylation reactions using safe CO sources remains a long‐standing challenge to synthetic chemists. Herein, we propose a catalyst cascade Scheme in which CO2 is used as a CO surrogate in the carbonylation of benzyl chlorides. Our approach is based on the cooperation between two coexisting catalytic cycles: the CO2‐to‐CO electroreduction cycle promoted by [Fe(TPP)Cl] (TPP=meso‐tetraphenylporphyrin) and an electrochemical carbonylation cycle catalyzed by [Ni(bpy)Br2] (2,2′‐bipyridine). As a proof of concept, this protocol allows for the synthesis of symmetric ketones from good to excellent yields in an undivided cell with non‐sacrificial electrodes. The reaction can be directly scaled up to gram‐scale and operates effectively at a CO2 concentration of 10 %, demonstrating its robustness. Our mechanistic studies based on cyclic voltammetry, IR spectroelectrochemistry and Density Functional Theory calculations suggest a synergistic effect between the two catalysts. The CO produced from CO2 reduction is key in the formation of the [Ni(bpy)(CO)2], which is proposed as the catalytic intermediate responsible for the C−C bond formation in the carbonylation steps.
Blocking Interfacial Proton Transport via Self‐Assembled Monolayer for Hydrogen Evolution‐Free Zinc Batteries
Authors: Chen Jianping , Shi Yayun , Zheng Songhe , Zhao Wanyu , Li Ruimin , Ye Ke , Zhao Xiaoli , Zuo Zhijun , Pan Zhenghui , Yang Xiaowei
Published: April 2024

Aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are promising next‐generation energy storage devices, yet suffer from the issues of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and intricate side reactions on the Zn anode surface. The hydrogen (H)‐bond networks play a critical role in interfacial proton transport that may closely relate to HER but are rarely investigated. Herein, we report a self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) strategy which is constructed by anchoring ionic liquid cations on Ti3C2Tx substrate for HER‐free Zn anode. Molecule dynamics simulations reveal that the rationally designed SAM with a high coordination number of water molecules (25–27, 4–6 for Zn2+) largely reduces the interfacial densities of H2O molecules, therefore breaking the connectivity of H‐bond networks and blocking proton transport on the interface, by which the HER is suppressed. Then, a series of in situ characterizations demonstrate that negligible amounts of H2 gas are collected from the Zn@SAM‐MXene anode. Consequently, the symmetric cell enables a long‐cycling life of 3000 h at 1 mA cm−2 and 1000 h at 5 mA cm−2. More significantly, the stable Zn@SAM‐MXene films are successfully used for coin full cells showing high‐capacity retention of over 94 % after 1000 cycles and large‐area (10×5 cm2) pouch cells with desired performance.
Detection of Sulfoquinovosidase Activity in Cell Lysates Using Activity‐Based Probes
Authors: Li Zirui , Pickles Isabelle B. , Sharma Mahima , Melling Benjamin , Pallasdies Luise , Codée Jeroen D. C. , Williams Spencer J. , Overkleeft Herman S. , Davies Gideon J.
Published: April 2024

The sulfolipid sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG), produced by plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, constitutes a major sulfur reserve in the biosphere. Microbial breakdown of SQDG is critical for the biological utilization of its sulfur. This commences through release of the parent sugar, sulfoquinovose (SQ), catalyzed by sulfoquinovosidases (SQases). These vanguard enzymes are encoded in gene clusters that code for diverse SQ catabolic pathways. To identify, visualize and isolate glycoside hydrolase CAZY‐family 31 (GH31) SQases in complex biological environments, we introduce SQ cyclophellitol‐aziridine activity‐based probes (ABPs). These ABPs label the active site nucleophile of this enzyme family, consistent with specific recognition of the SQ cyclophellitol‐aziridine in the active site, as evidenced in the 3D structure of Bacillus megaterium SQase. A fluorescent Cy5‐probe enables visualization of SQases in crude cell lysates from bacteria harbouring different SQ breakdown pathways, whilst a biotin‐probe enables SQase capture and identification by proteomics. The Cy5‐probe facilitates monitoring of active SQase levels during different stages of bacterial growth which show great contrast to more traditional mRNA analysis obtained by RT‐qPCR. Given the importance of SQases in global sulfur cycling and in human microbiota, these SQase ABPs provide a new tool with which to study SQase occurrence, activity and stability.
Single Crystal and Pentatwinned Gold Nanorods Result in Chiral Nanocrystals with Reverse Handedness
Authors: Van Gordon Kyle , Ni Bing , Girod Robin , Mychinko Mikhail , Bevilacqua Francisco , Bals Sara , Liz‐Marzán Luis M.
Published: April 2024

Handedness is an essential attribute of chiral nanocrystals, having a major influence on their properties. During chemical growth, the handedness of nanocrystals is usually tuned by selecting the corresponding enantiomer of chiral molecules involved in asymmetric growth, often known as chiral inducers. We report that, even using the same chiral inducer enantiomer, the handedness of chiral gold nanocrystals can be reversed by using Au nanorod seeds with either single crystalline or pentatwinned structure. This effect holds for chiral growth induced both by amino acids and by chiral micelles. Although it was challenging to discern the morphological handedness for L‐cystine‐directed particles, even using electron tomography, both cases showed circular dichroism bands of opposite sign, with nearly mirrored chiroptical signatures for chiral micelle‐directed growth, along with quasi‐helical wrinkles of inverted handedness. These results expand the chiral growth toolbox with an effect that might be exploited to yield a host of interesting morphologies with tunable optical properties.
Micelles Cascade Assembly to Tandem Porous Catalyst for Waste Plastics Upcycling
Authors: Feng Jiayou , Duan Jindi , Hung Chin‐Te , Zhang Zhenghao , Li Kailin , Ai Yan , Yang Chaochao , Zhao Yiyue , Yu Zhengmin , Zhang Yahong , Wang Liang , Zhao Dongyuan , Li Wei
Published: April 2024

Catalytic upcycling of polyolefins into high‐value chemicals represents the direction in end‐of‐life plastics valorization, but poses great challenges. Here, we report the synthesis of a tandem porous catalyst via a micelle cascade assembly strategy for selectively catalytic cracking of polyethylene into olefins at a low temperature. A hierarchically porous silica layer from mesopore to macropore is constructed on the surface of microporous ZSM‐5 nanosheets through cascade assembly of dynamic micelles. The outer macropore arrays can adsorb bulky polyolefins quickly by the capillary and hydrophobic effects, enhancing the diffusion and access to active sites. The middle mesopores present a nanoconfinement space, pre‐cracking polyolefins into intermediates by weak acid sites, which then transport into zeolites micropores for further cracking by strong Brønsted acid sites. The hierarchically porous and acidic structures, mimicking biomimetic protease catalytic clefts, ideally match the tandem cracking steps of polyolefins, thus suppressing coke formation and facilitating product escape. As a result, light hydrocarbons (C1‐C7) are produced with a yield of 443 mmol gZSM‐5−1, where 74.3 % of them are C3‐C6 olefins, much superior to ZSM‐5 and porous silica catalysts. This tandem porous catalyst exemplifies a superstructure design of catalytic cracking catalysts for industrial and economical upcycling of plastic wastes.
Enhancing Built‐in Electric Fields via Molecular Symmetry Modulation in Supramolecular Photocatalysts for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhu Xiaolin , Jia Yihui , Liu Yuhan , Xu Jingyi , He Huarui , Wang Siyue , Shao Yang , Zhai Yaxin , Zhu Yongfa
Published: April 2024

Nature‐inspired supramolecular self‐assemblies are attractive photocatalysts, but their quantum yields are limited by poor charge separation and transportation. A promising strategy for efficient charge transfer is to enhance the built‐in electric field by symmetry breaking. Herein, an unsymmetric protonation, N‐heterocyclic π‐conjugated anthrazoline‐based supramolecular photocatalyst SA‐DADK‐H+ was developed. The unsymmetric protonation breaks the initial structural symmetry of DADK, resulting in ca. 50‐fold increase in the molecular dipole, and facilitates efficient charge separation and transfer within SA‐DADK‐H+. The protonation process also creates numerous active sites for H2O adsorption, and serves as crucial proton relays, significantly improving the photocatalytic efficiency. Remarkably, SA‐DADK‐H+ exhibits an outstanding hydrogen evolution rate of 278.2 mmol g−1 h−1 and a remarkable apparent quantum efficiency of 25.1 % at 450 nm, placing it among the state‐of‐the‐art performances in organic semiconductor photocatalysts. Furthermore, the versatility of the unsymmetric protonation approach has been successfully applied to four other photocatalysts, enhancing their photocatalytic performance by 39 to 533 times. These findings highlight the considerable potential of unsymmetric protonation induced symmetry breaking strategy in tailoring supramolecular photocatalysts for efficient solar‐to‐fuel production.
Confirmation of radiation interaction with high‐Z metal‐quercetin complex to utilize factor for radiation protection materials
Authors: Choi Pyeong Seok , Baek Inwoo , Choi Moon‐Young , Lee Minwoong , Jung Jong Hyun , Na Jun‐Hee , Gwon Hui‐Jeong
Published: April 2024

A high‐Z metal‐quercetin complex‐based material is developed by combining Hf, Ta, and Eu with quercetin (Qu) from a flavonoid series to apply to radiation protection materials. To demonstrate radiation energy absorbance, we utilize a polymer blend composed of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a matrix. This eco‐friendly film can be easily prepared by simply mixing it with the M‐Qu complex and the CMC‐PVP polymer blend. The possibility of radiation energy absorbance by the M‐Qu complex is confirmed through an analysis of the X‐ray energy absorption dose change rate. In addition, the radiation resistance characteristics of each film sample are measured using high‐energy electron‐beam irradiation. The results show that the Ta‐containing Qu complex has a high capability for UV energy downshift, X‐ray radiation absorption, and stability against electron‐beam radiation. This indicates that the material in question has the potential to serve as a superior radiation protection material for broad‐spectrum radiation energy. Also, it could effectively offer remarkable stability making it a compelling option for radiation‐resistant applications.
Investigation of the asymmetric flow structure in a hydrocyclone
Authors: Wang Jian‐gang , Zheng Yan , Wang Hua‐lin , Bai Zhi‐shan , Qiu Yang
Published: April 2024

The flow field of a hydrocyclone was investigated using both computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and particle image velocimetry (PIV). A refractive index matching method was employed to improve the precision of the PIV measurements. The CFD results are in good agreement with PIV measurements. Detailed analysis reveals significant axial asymmetry in the velocity components, with the radial velocity component exhibiting notable disparities. This observation is supported by quantitative data comparing different sections of the hydrocyclone. It is further found that the asymmetry might be mainly attributed to the secondary vortexes with the single inlet of the hydrocyclone. And the secondary vortexes, superimposed on the primary flow rather than existing on its own, spiral downwards from near the inlet towards the underflow orifice. It is hypothesized that specific boundary effects and pressure gradients play a pivotal role in the formation of secondary flows. This assumption is grounded on both theoretical considerations and empirical observations, suggesting that these factors significantly influence the flow dynamics within the hydrocyclone. The insights gained from our measurement methodology and enhanced understanding of secondary flows within hydrocyclones are not only poised to serve as valuable references for fellow researchers but also have the potential to inform the design and operational optimization of hydrocyclones for improved efficiency and performance.
Study on solid‐air dendrite growth and motion with thermosolutal convection‐diffusion using non‐isothermal PF‐PSLBM model
Authors: Li Chaolong , Wen Jian , Li Ke , Wang Simin
Published: April 2024

This study unveils a numerical paradigm that amalgamates the partially saturated lattice Boltzmann method (PSLBM) with the non‐isothermal quantitative phase‐field (PF) model. This innovative integration equips us with a prognostic tool ready to elucidate the progression and motion of solid‐air dendritic growth in the presence of both natural and forced convection. The PSLBM is employed to compute the flow of the solution and the interaction forces between the fluid and solid dendrites. Concurrently, the PF model is utilized to simulate the formation of solid‐air dendrites. The reliability of calculating of interaction forces between the fluid and solid was confirmed through a numerical case study involving fluid flow around a stationary cylinder. The results indicate that this model is applicable for simulating the growth and evolution of single/multiple solid‐air dendrites under the influence of convection, whether they are stationary or in motion. The promotion of the upstream side dendritic arms and the inhibition of the downstream dendritic arms increase with the intensification of natural convection. As the initial undercooling is raised, the capacity of natural convection to reshape dendritic morphology gradually diminishes. With the enhancement of forced convection intensity, due to alterations in the flow pattern, the downstream dendritic arms do not consistently exhibit growth suppression. The motion of solid‐air dendrites induced by forced convection counteracts the influence of convection, resulting in slightly faster growth of the downstream dendritic arms compared to the upstream arms. Simultaneously, it fosters the formation of secondary dendritic branches in the upstream zone.
Preparation of a cationic hydrogel microsphere adsorbent for efficient removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution
Authors: Ye Yuansong , Zhang Yuchi , Wu Huazhong , Fang Run
Published: April 2024

Herein, a cationic hydrogel microsphere (CHMS) was prepared by inverse suspension polymerization and freeze‐drying and was applied to the adsorptive removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from aqueous solution. Morphological characterization shows that there are lots of folds and pores on the surface of CHMS with a unique petal‐like appearance. According to the chemical structure analysis, CHMS contains plenty of functional groups such as amine and hydroxyl groups. These features give CHMS a larger specific surface area, faster adsorption rate, and higher adsorption capacity than the conventional cationic hydrogel microparticle (CHMP) adsorbent. The adsorption of Cr(VI) in water by CHMS is mainly based on the combination of electrostatic adsorption and redox reaction, with the electrostatic interaction between the protonated amine and Cr(VI) serving as the predominant adsorption mechanism. Experimental results reveal that CHMS can efficiently remove Cr(VI) from simulated wastewater in both batch and continuous adsorption modes, which is primarily due to its distinctive surface morphology and rich functional groups. Furthermore, the common coexisting metal ions in Cr(VI)‐containing wastewater have no substantial negative influence on the adsorption. Therefore, it can be concluded that CHMS has a promising application prospect in the treatment of Cr(VI)‐containing wastewater.
Towards the development of a standardized method to monitor lakeshore hydromorphological restoration measures
Authors: Garron Coralie , Pangaud Althaea , Taubaty Marine , Rolan‐Meynard Marlène , Argillier Christine , Raymond Jean‐Claude , Dublon Julien , Westrelin Samuel
Published: April 2024

Lakes host a high level of biodiversity, especially in their littoral zone, and provide various ecological and socio‐economic services. Lake ecosystems are impacted by a combination of pressures from different human activities (industry, hydroelectricity, agriculture, recreational activities, domestic and urban uses). Anthropic pressures can lead to alterations and dysfunctions in lakes, particularly in the littoral zone.

The 2000 EU Water Framework Directive led to considerable efforts to improve the ecological status of European water bodies. However, in France, measures implemented by lake managers to counteract, limit or suppress anthropogenic impacts are still poorly identified. Moreover, their effects on hydromorphology, physico‐chemistry and biotic communities are often only partially reported (the monitoring being incomplete or heterogeneous, if not missing).

This paper proposes a framework to harmonize the monitoring of habitat improvement actions conducted in the littoral zone of lakes. The monitoring method is presented as well as the sampling protocols and techniques set out to survey both the restored and control zones at the European French territory scale.

Long‐term monitoring of hydromorphological, biological and physicochemical features is expected to improve our understanding of recolonization mechanisms following restoration. The proposed approach will therefore guide practitioners to identify the best restoration options and ultimately contribute to the conservation of recipient populations and communities.
Replacing artisanal fisheries with dolphin watching: Strategy for conservation and sustainable community‐based marine ecotourism
Authors: Wu Haiping , Luo Fangqiang , Huang Shiang‐Lin , Wang Jing , Ling Yirong , Lin Meifang , Peng Chongwei
Published: April 2024

In coastal delphinid conservation, dolphin watching (DW) is frequently proposed for artisanal fishers as a community‐based marine ecotourism (CBME) plan to reduce fishing effort and delphinid bycatch. Questions including whether DW profitability is sufficient to replace fishing and whether fishers can conduct DW sustainably, however, are rarely examined.

In the present study, questionnaire targeting tourists was implemented to investigate DW profitability in Sanniang Bay, China where DW‐based CBME has been operated by local fishers since 2004. CBME sustainability was evaluated by comparing DW profitability with household income with reference to local poverty, and rural and economically comfortable families in China.

Out of 1046 tourists interviewed, 40 (3.82%) tourists knew there is DW in Sanniang Bay, while 292 (27.9%) tourists were lured to attend DW with low pricing. The fisher earned 110RMB (ca. 16.0$USD) per DW trip and required two, four, and nine trips per day to earn household income higher than poverty, rural and economically comfortable lines. Raising ticket fee and maximizing per‐trip number of tourists can substantially improve DW profitability, which facilitates CBME sustainability and poses minimal impacts on target animals.

CBME in rural areas could be trapped into low popularity–low pricing–low profitability embarrassments because of primitive tour facilities, insufficient ecological education value, poor hospitality skills and lacking marketing access. The sustainable CBME should incorporate ecologically friendly conducts, direct indigenous profits with minimal transaction costs, venture and service diversification, and marketing with indigenous cultural characteristics.

DW history in Sanniang Bay further indicates profit distribution of tourism ventures directly influence CBME sustainability. Accordingly, indigenous rights, economic equity and social justice should be centrally placed in CBME policying with the minimal intervention from non‐indigenous capitals and commercialized manipulations.
Dynamic–quadratic balancing: A computational approach to balancing and model reduction for affine nonlinear systems
Authors: Aliyu Mohammad Dikko S.
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we discuss a new approach to balancing (known as dynamic–quadratic balancing) and model reduction for affine nonlinear system. We give a fresh look to balancing in terms of the dynamics of the system, rather than simply a structural property. With this perspective, we also develop a new approach to obtaining the balancing transformation in one step, instead of a three‐step process as proposed in earlier methods. Further, we explore the relationship between quadratic balancing and input–output stability. In addition, we also develop a computational approach for obtaining the balancing transformation by solving a coupled system of PDEs or inequalities (Lyapunov/Hamilton–Jacobi type). After that, model reduction can be carried out in the conventional way using Hankel singular‐value functions or using a new criterion. Finally, we present some examples to clarify the results.
Anion‐Derived Solid Electrolyte Interphase Enabled by Diluent Modulated Dimethyl Carbonate‐Based Localized High Concentration Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zheng Hanlu , Zhong Yu , Gu Changdong , Wang Xiuli , Tu Jiangping
Published: April 2024

Carbonate‐based electrolytes generally suffer from low Coulombic efficiency and poor cycling stability in lithium metal batteries. In this work, localized high concentration electrolytes (LHCEs) based on dimethyl carbonate (DMC) with varying diluent additions are designed. LHCEs demonstrate higher Li+ transference numbers and a greater proportion of contact ion pairs (CIPs) and ion pair aggregates (AGGs) in the solvation structures, facilitating the formation of anion‐derived solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Furthermore, LHCEs enhance the Coulombic efficiency of Li||Cu cells and improve the anodic stability against lithium. One of these LHCEs, prepared with appropriate diluent addition, exhibits excellent capacity retention in Li||NCM622 cells at 0.5 C after 150 cycles, thus presenting promising possibilities for the development of high energy density lithium metal batteries.
Study on the interaction between erythrosine B and the cardiac drug amiodarone using fluorescence, scattering, and absorbance spectra and their analytical application
Authors: AlSalem Huda Salem , Alharbi Sara Naif , Binkadem Mona Saad , Mahmoud Shimaa A. , Abdel‐Lateef Mohamed A.
Published: April 2024

In an acidic buffered solution, erythrosine B can react with amiodarone to form an association complex, which not only generates great enhancement in resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) spectrum of erythrosine B at 346.5 nm but also results in quenching of fluorescence spectra of erythrosine B at λemission = 550.4 nm/λexcitation = 528.5 nm. In addition, the formed erythrosine B–amiodarone complex produces a new absorbance peak at 555 nm. The spectral characteristics of the RRS, absorbance, and fluorescence spectra, as well as the optimum analytical conditions, were studied and investigated. As a result, new spectroscopic methods were developed to determine amiodarone by utilizing erythrosine B as a probe. Moreover, the ICH guidelines were used to validate the developed RRS, photometric, and fluorimetric methods. The enhancements in the absorbance and the RRS intensity and the decrease in the fluorescence intensity of the used probe were proportional to the concentration of amiodarone in ranges of 2.5–20.0, 0.2–2.5, and 0.25–1.75 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, limit of detection values were 0.52 ng/mL for the spectrophotometric method, 0.051 μg/mL for the RRS method, and 0.075 μg/mL for the fluorimetric method. Moreover, with good recoveries, the developed spectroscopic procedures were applied to analyze amiodarone in its commercial tablets.
Periodontal disease and risk of Alzheimer's disease: A two‐sample Mendelian randomization
Authors: Hu Conglei , Li Hui , Huang Liping , Wang Rui , Wang Zeyu , Ma Rui , Chang Bei , Li Shiting , Li Hongcai , Li Guangwen
Published: April 2024

Background

Evidence from observational studies and clinical trials suggests an association between periodontal disease and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the causal relationship between periodontal disease and AD remains to be determined.

Methods

We obtained periodontal disease data from the FinnGen database and two sets of AD data from the IEU consortium and PGC databases. Subsequently, we conducted a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal relationship between periodontal disease and AD.

Results

The results of the random‐effects IVW analysis revealed no evidence of a genetic causal relationship between periodontal disease and AD, regardless of whether the AD data from the IEU consortium or the AD data from the PGC database were utilized. No heterogeneity, multiple effects of levels, or outliers were observed in this study.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that there is no causal relationship between periodontal disease and AD at the genetic level.
The adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies by using the technology organizational environment framework: The mediating role to manufacturing performance in a developing country
Authors: Amin Al‐ , Bhuiyan Mohammad Rakibul Islam , Hossain Rashed , Molla Chanchal , Poli Tahmina Akter , Milon Md Noor Uddin
Published: April 2024

The study aspires to identify the factors conditioning the adaptation of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) within the manufacturing industries in Bangladesh, embracing Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technology led by the technology‐organizational‐environment (TOE) framework that links a number of conditioning variables in the manufacturing industries of Bangladesh. I4.0 is going to drastically change the landscape of the extended TOE framework to relate demographics with research variables for implementing I4.0 technology in a developing country. The findings of the study are analyzed using SMART PLS SEM 4.0 and SPSS 29 in order to diagnose technological contexts (IT resource availability, technology readiness, and relative advantage), organizational contexts (strategy and leadership, organizational capabilities, and technology infrastructure), and environmental contexts (market pressure, government support, and technology innovation decision making). The study's data, which were collected with a bootstrap confidence range of 95%, offered evidence in favor of both proposed mediating effects. A statistically significant indirect effect of adaptation of I4.0 technology on manufacturing/industry performance was seen in the analysis. This study is conducted to examine the mediating function of manufacturing performance, which enhances the comprehensiveness of the study. Through the application of the TOE framework, this study investigates the impact of I4.0 technology adoption on manufacturing performance. The theoretical framework of the study has been validated by the TOE model, which aims to heighten manufacturing performance by integrating I4.0. The practical implications of this study, organizations, governments, and practitioners engaged in the implementation of I4.0 technologies within developing nation contexts.
Tissue‐engineered tracheal implants: Advancements, challenges, and clinical considerations
Authors: Wei Shixiong , Zhang Yiyuan , Luo Feixiang , Duan Kexing , Li Mingqian , Lv Guoyue
Published: April 2024

Restoration of extensive tracheal damage remains a significant challenge in respiratory medicine, particularly in instances stemming from conditions like infection, congenital anomalies, or stenosis. The trachea, an essential element of the lower respiratory tract, constitutes a fibrocartilaginous tube spanning approximately 10–12 cm in length. It is characterized by 18 ± 2 tracheal cartilages distributed anterolaterally with the dynamic trachealis muscle located posteriorly. While tracheotomy is a common approach for patients with short‐length defects, situations requiring replacement arise when the extent of lesion exceeds 1/2 of the length in adults (or 1/3 in children). Tissue engineering (TE) holds promise in developing biocompatible airway grafts for addressing challenges in tracheal regeneration. Despite the potential, the extensive clinical application of tissue‐engineered tracheal substitutes encounters obstacles, including insufficient revascularization, inadequate re‐epithelialization, suboptimal mechanical properties, and insufficient durability. These limitations have led to limited success in implementing tissue‐engineered tracheal implants in clinical settings. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of historical attempts and lessons learned in the field of tracheal TE, contextualizing the clinical prerequisites and vital criteria for effective tracheal grafts. The manufacturing approaches employed in TE, along with the clinical application of both tissue‐engineered and non‐tissue‐engineered approaches for tracheal reconstruction, are discussed in detail. By offering a holistic view on TE substitutes and their implications for the clinical management of long‐segment tracheal lesions, this review aims to contribute to the understanding and advancement of strategies in this critical area of respiratory medicine.
The importance of the palatine bone for endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery
Authors: Komune Noritaka , Matsuo Satoshi , Akiyama Osamu , Sangatsuda Yuhei , Kuga Daisuke , Miyamoto Yusuke , Suzuki Tomoharu , Murakami Daisuke , Yoshimoto Koji , Iwanaga Joe , Tubbs R. Shane , Nakagawa Takashi
Published: April 2024

Endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery is increasingly prevalent, with its scope expanding from pathogens in the midline region to those in the paramedian region. Maximizing anterior sphenoidectomy is important for the median approach, and lateralizing the pterygopalatine fossa is crucial for the paramedian approach. Maximizing the surgical corridor in the nasal cavity and minimizing damage to neurovascular structures are vital for establishing a surgical field with minimal bleeding, ensuring safe, precise, and gentle procedures. However, the relationship between the maxillofacial and skull base bones in endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery is difficult to understand because these bones are intricately articulated, making it challenging to visualize each bone's outline. Understanding important bones and their related neurovascular structures is essential for all skull base surgeons to maximize the surgical corridor and minimize iatrogenic injury to neurovascular structures. This study aimed to elucidate the role of the palatine bone from a microsurgical anatomical perspective. Three dry skulls were used to demonstrate the structure of the palatine bone and its relationship with surrounding bones. A formalin‐perfused cadaveric head was dissected to show the related neurovascular structures. The arteries and veins of the cadaveric heads were injected with red‐ and blue‐colored silicon. Dissection was performed using a surgical microscope and endoscope. In addition, the utilization of the palatine bone as a landmark to identify neurovascular structures, which aids in creating a wider surgical field with less bleeding, was shown in two representative cases. The palatine bone consists of unique complex structures, including the sphenoidal process, ethmoidal crest, pterygopalatine canal, and sphenopalatine notch, which are closely related to the sphenopalatine artery, maxillary nerve, and its branches. The ethmoidal crest of the palatine bone is a well‐known structure that is useful for identifying the sphenopalatine foramen, controlling the sphenopalatine artery and nerve, and safely opening the pterygopalatine fossa. The sphenoidal process of the palatine bone is a valuable landmark for identifying the palatovaginal artery, which is a landmark used to safely and efficiently expose the vidian canal. The sphenoidal process is easily cracked with an osteotome and removed to expose the palatovaginal artery, which runs along the pharyngeal groove, just medial to the vidian canal. By opening the pterygopalatine canal (also known as the greater palatine canal), further lateralization of the periosteum‐covered pterygopalatine fossa contents can be achieved. Overall, the sphenoidal process and ethmoidal crest can be used as important landmarks to maximize the surgical corridor and minimize unnecessary injury to neurovascular structures.
Metabolite signature of human malignant thyroid tissue: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Razavi S. Adeleh , Khorsand Babak , Salehipour Pouya , Hedayati Mehdi
Published: April 2024

Background

Thyroid cancer (TC) is the predominant malignancy within the endocrine system. However, the standard method for TC diagnosis lacks the capability to identify the pathological condition of all thyroid lesions. The metabolomics approach has the potential to manage this problem by identifying differential metabolites.

Aims

This study conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the NMR‐based metabolomics studies in order to identify significant altered metabolites associated with TC.

Methods

A systematic search of published literature in any language in three databases including Embase, PubMed, and Scopus was conducted. Out of 353 primary articles, 12 studies met the criteria for inclusion in the systematic review. Among these, five reports belonging to three articles were eligible for meta‐analysis. The correlation coefficient of the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, a popular model in the multivariate statistical analysis of metabolomic data, was chosen for meta‐analysis. The altered metabolites were chosen based on the fact that they had been found in at least three studies.

Results

In total, 49 compounds were identified, 40 of which were metabolites. The increased metabolites in thyroid lesions compared normal samples included lactate, taurine, alanine, glutamic acid, glutamine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, serine, tyrosine, valine, choline, glycine, and isoleucine. Lipids were the decreased compounds in thyroid lesions. Lactate and alanine were increased in malignant versus benign thyroid lesions, while, myo‐inositol, scyllo‐inositol, citrate, choline, and phosphocholine were found to be decreased. The meta‐analysis yielded significant results for three metabolites of lactate, alanine, and citrate in malignant versus benign specimens.

Discussion

In this study, we provided a concise summary of 12 included metabolomic studies, making it easier for future researchers to compare their results with the prior findings.

Conclusion

It appears that the field of TC metabolomics will experience notable advancement, leading to the discovery of trustworthy diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.