bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IL32 Is Progressively Expressed in Mycosis Fungoides Independent of Helper T-cell 2 and Helper T-cell 9 Polarization
Authors: Ohmatsu Hanako , Humme Daniel , Gulati Nicholas , Gonzalez Juana , Möbs Markus , Suárez-Fariñas Mayte , Cardinale Irma , Mitsui Hiroshi , Guttman-Yassky Emma , Sterry Wolfram , Krueger James G.
Published: June 2014

Mycosis fungoides, the most common type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), is characterized by a helper T-cell 2 (Th2) skewing with a mature CD4+ memory T-cell phenotype. Using skin samples from patients with mycosis fungoides (n = 21), healthy volunteers (n = 17), and individuals with atopic dermatitis (n = 17) and psoriasis (n = 9), we found IL32 mRNA expression significantly higher in mycosis fungoides samples than in samples from benign inflammatory skin diseases, and its expression increases with disease progression. By IHC and immunofluorescence, we confirmed IL32 protein expression in many CD3+CD4+ T cells and some epidermotropic T cells in mycosis fungoides lesions. MyLa cells (a mycosis fungoides cell line) express IL32, which, in turn, could promote cellular proliferation and viability in a dose-dependent fashion. IL32-treated MyLa and CTCL HH cells upregulated cell proliferation and survival genes. Of the major “polarizing” T-cell cytokines, only IFNγ mRNA increases with mycosis fungoides progression and positively correlates with IL32 mRNA expression. Th2 cytokines do not positively correlate with IL32 mRNA expression or mycosis fungoides progression. Furthermore, by flow cytometry, IL32 production by circulating activated T cells in healthy individuals was found in both IFNγ+ and IFNγ− cells but not in IL4+ or IL13+ cells. In conclusion, we have identified IL32+ cells as the likely tumor cells in mycosis fungoides, and demonstrated that IL32 mRNA expression increases with mycosis fungoides progression and is significantly higher than mRNA expression in other skin diseases, and that some IL32+ T cells are independent from the defined Th subsets. Thus, IL32 may play a unique role in mycosis fungoides progression as an autocrine cytokine. Cancer Immunol Res; 2(9); 890–900. ©2014 AACR.
Urinary Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor as a Biomarker of Executive Functioning
Authors: Koven Nancy S. , Collins Larisa R.
Published: June 2014

Background/Aims: Neurotrophins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are vital for neuronal survival and adaptive plasticity. With high BDNF gene expression in the prefrontal cortex, BDNF is a potential regulatory factor for building and maintaining cognitive reserves. Recent studies suggest that individual differences in executive functioning, a broad cognitive domain reliant upon frontal lobe structure and function, are governed in part by variance in BDNF polymorphisms. However, as neurogenetic data are not necessarily indicative of in vivo neurochemistry, this study examines the relationship between executive functioning and the neurotransmitter by measuring peripheral BDNF levels. Methods: Fifty-two healthy young adults completed a battery of standardized executive function tests. BDNF levels, adjusted for creatinine, were quantified with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of urine samples taken at the time of testing. Results: BDNF concentration was positively associated with cognitive flexibility but had no relationship with working memory, abstract reasoning/planning, self-monitoring/response inhibition, or fluency. Conclusions: These results individuate cognitive flexibility as the specific facet of executive functioning associated with in vivo BDNF levels. This study also validates urinary BDNF as a peripheral biomarker of cognition in healthy adults.
Existem grupos sociais nas terras altas da Nova Guiné?
Authors: Wagner Roy
Published: June 2014

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Talal Asad: para uma crítica da teoria do símbolo na antropologia religiosa de Clifford Geertz
Authors: Montero Paula
Published: June 2014

A religião como fenômeno sociológicotornou-se um a priori do pensamento social.Antropólogos e sociólogos tomam como au-toevidente que a religião é essencialmente umconjunto de símbolos ligados a ideias gerais deordem. Estas ideias se expressariam através deritos ou doutrinas e constituiriam, na verdade,uma representação resultante de um processohistórico de longa duração centrado no cristia-nismo e suas mutações. Esse é o ponto de par-tida que leva Talal Asad à proposição de umaantropologia histórica que busque compreen-der como a ideia de “religião” se tornou umconceito e uma prática no Ocidente moderno.No entanto, mais do que retomar essa genealo-gia tão bem realizada neste texto pelo autor, ofoco de nosso interesse neste comentário intro-dutório será ressaltar as consequências teóricasdessa proposição para uma teoria do simbólicoe da significação no campo da antropologia.
Prólogo: um precipício no tempo
Authors: Stocking Junior George W.
Published: June 2014

traduzido de STOCKING Jr., George W. Prologue: A Precipice in Time. In: __________. Victorian Anthropology. New York: Free Press, 1987, p.1-6.tradutora Íris Morais Araújo Doutoranda em Antropologia Social / USPtradutora Rafaela de Andrade Deiab Mestre em Antropologia Social / USP revisora Lilia Moritz Schwarcz Professora Titular de Antropologia / USP Doutora em Antropologia Social / USP
1871: o ano que não terminou
Authors: Silva Márcio Ferreira da
Published: June 2014

Em 1871, com a publicação de Sis-temas de Consanguinidade e Afinidade da FamíliaHumana, de Lewis Henry Morgan, a antropologiado parentesco definiu pela primeira vez uma órbitaprópria, livre do campo gravitacional da história, dodireito e da filologia. Neste livro, Morgan propõeum objeto, um método e uma técnica de observaçãodos fenômenos classificados sob a rubrica “parentes-co”, que o autor define como a expressão formal e oreconhecimento social das relações naturais entre osindivíduos (1871, p.10). Esta definição está no cen-tro de um dos debates mais antigos da antropologia,a relação entre parentesco e genealogia, que atraves-sa cento e quarenta anos da disciplina e, a julgar porseus desdobramentos mais recentes, promete aindamuitos anos de polêmica.
Apresentação
Authors: Montero Paula
Published: June 2014

Apresentação do número pela profª Drª Paula Montero
As Tatuagens e a Criminalidade Feminina
Authors: Silva Marina Albuquerque Mendes da
Published: June 2014

Este artigo analisa a tatuagem, tal como é praticada pela população da Penienciária Feminina da Capital (São Paulo), enquanto um sistema de comunicação especificamente articulado ao universo da criminalidade e da delinquencia.Nesse sentido, procura levantar as determinações e relações que se estabelecem entre o corpo enquanto suporte para a construção de sistemas de significação ligados à representação da realidade, e à criminalidade e a delinquência como fenômenos quie só se realizam efetivamente a partir da intervenção e atuação do sistema institucional.
Da Cosmologia à História: resitência, adaptação e consciência social entre os Kayapó
Authors: Turner Terence
Published: June 2014

Traduzido de:TURNER,Terrence. 1987. "From cosmology to history: resistance, adaptation and social consciousness among the Kayapo". Trabalho apresentado na reunião da ABA Associação Brasileira de Antropologia, Belém do Para. tradutor: DAVID SOARESrevisão técnica: SYLVIA CAIUBY NOVAES, HELOISA BUARQUE DE ALMEIDA
Entrevista com Eunice Durhan: Novas propostas para a pós-graduação - a academia deve estar mais perto da sociedade
Authors: Grupioni Luís Donizete Benzi , Thomaz Omar Ribeiro
Published: June 2014

A Antropóloga Profª. Drª Eunice Ribeiro Durhan, professora do Departamento de Antropologia da USP, ex-presidente da CAPES, fala do passado e do futuro do ensino superior no Brasil, dos problemas e das possíveis solucções da Pós-Graduação e da universidade brasileira.
Pontos de contato entre o pensamento antropológico e teatral
Authors: Schechner Richard
Published: June 2014

traduzido de:SCHECHNER, Richard. “Points of contact between anthropological and theatrical thought”. In: Between Teatre and Anthropology. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1985. Copyright Richard Schechner, reprinted with permission. First appeared in Between eater and Anthropology 1985. University of Pennsylvania Press. tradução: ANA LETÍCIA DE FIORIrevisão técnica: JOHN COWART DAWSEY, DIANA PAOLA GÓMEZ MATEUS
A questão racial na ordem do dia: retomando debates
Authors: Editorial Comissão
Published: June 2014

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Diferenciar, redistribuir, reconhecer: ensaio de atualização dos debates sobre terra e educação para quilombos
Authors: Arruti José Maurício
Published: June 2014

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Religião e identidade cultural negra: católicos, afrobrasileiros e neopentecostais
Authors: Silva Vagner Gonçalves da
Published: June 2014

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Dos Yorùbá ao Candomblé Kétu: Origens, Tradições e Continuidades
Authors: Marques Lucas de Mendonça , Pinto Filho Olavo de Souza
Published: June 2014

BARRETI FILHO, Aulo (Org.). Dos Yorùbá ao Candomblé Kétu: Origens, Tradições e Continuidades. São Paulo: Editora da Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. 304 p.
Nas redes do sexo: os bastidores do pornô brasileiro
Authors: Silveira Natalia Orlandi
Published: June 2014

DÍAZ-BENITEZ, María Elvira. Nas redes do sexo: os bastidores do pornô brasileiro. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 2010. 240 p.
Nos braços da lei: O uso da violência negociada no interior das prisões
Authors: Taets-Silva Adriana
Published: June 2014

CASTRO E SILVA, Anderson Moraes. Nos braços da lei: O uso da violência negociada no interior das prisões. Rio de Janeiro: e+a, 2008. 170 p.
Política em família. Relações de parentesco e facções políticas em um município da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais.
Authors: Peres Barbosa Luciano Senna
Published: June 2014

O objetivo deste artigo e a analise da maneira como as fronteiras familiares sao atualizadas durante as disputas eleitorais em um Municipio da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais. Mais precisamente, procuro entender quais os sentidos de se acompanhar o voto do chefe de familia, e como as relacoes de parentesco sao empregadas pelos indivíduos para negociar o posicionamento politico durante o periodo eleitoral. Para tanto, na primeira parte do artigo, discuto a maneira como as nocoes de família e parente sao manipuladas pelos moradores em seu cotidiano, revelando uma forma especifica de conceber o papel das relacoes de parentesco.
Eu, nativo, nós, Ialanawinai. Reflexões baniwa sobre a alteridade branca
Authors: Bezerra Vianna João Jackson
Published: June 2014

O trabalho de campo tem implicações que extrapolam, em varias ordens, os objetivos da pesquisa. Na vivencia antropologica, o pesquisador observa e experiencia questoes intelectuais muito variadas, e nao somente de sua parte. Neste artigo, descrevo e analiso, particularmente, as questoes que os Baniwa – povo que vive as margens do rio Icana e seus afluentes no Noroeste Amazonico – fizeram com intuito de entender a mim, durante meu trabalho de campo. A tentativa e a de deixar vir a tona uma antropologia baniwa, avaliando se podemos entende-la como reversa, no sentido atribuido por Roy Wagner. O resultado destas reflexoes aponta para a compreensao baniwa da alteridade dos brancos, assinalando quem somos nos, os Ialanawinai
Pontos em expansão: uma conversa com Marilyn Strathern
Authors: Guimarães Bruno , Girardi Luisa , Oliveira Mariana , Harayama Rui
Published: June 2014

autores: Bruno Guimarães, Luisa Girardi, Mariana Oliveira, Rui Harayamatradução: Bruno Guimarães, Luisa Girardi, Rui Harayamarevisão técnica: Vitor Grunvald
O corpo da alma e seus estados: uma perspectiva amazônica sobre a natureza de ser-se humano
Authors: Taylor Anne-Christine
Published: June 2014

tradutores: Eduardo Soares Nunes / Roberta Cerri  / Marcela Stockler Coelho de Souzarevisora: Marcela Stockler Coelho de Souza traduzido deTAYLOR, Anne-Christine. The Soul’s Body and Its States: An Amazonian Perspective of Being Human. The Journal Of The Royal Anthropological Institute. Vol. 2, No. 2 (Jun., 1996), pp. 201-215.
Igor Kopytoff, um elder singular
Authors: Trajano Filho Wilson
Published: June 2014

Apresentação à tradução do texto de Igor Kopytoff.
Ancestrais enquanto pessoas mais velhas do grupo de parentesco na África
Authors: Kopytoff Igor
Published: June 2014

traduzido deKOPYTOFF, Igor. Ancestors as Elders in Africa. Africa, v. 51, p. 129-142, 1971.tradutoras: Claudia Fioretti Bongianino / Denise Ferreira da Costarevisora: Juliana Braz Dias
La construcción de la persona inmigrante en el limbo jurídico: ni expulsables ni regularizables en España
Authors: Morán Adriana Jarrín
Published: June 2014

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Noites de cabaré: prostituição feminina, gênero e sociabilidade na zona de meretrício
Authors: Perilo Marcelo de Paula Perreira
Published: June 2014

ALVES, Fábio Lopes. Noites de cabaré: prostituição feminina, gênero e sociabilidade na zona de meretrício. São Paulo: Arte e Ciência, 2010. 192 pp.
O sonho dogon: nas origens da etnologia francesa
Authors: Lelis Romulo
Published: June 2014

GIOBELLINA BRUMANA, Fernando. O sonho dogon: nas origens da etnologia francesa. São Paulo: EDUSP, 2011. 367 p.
Grupo Nós Mulheres
Authors: Editor O
Published: June 2014

Grupo Nós Mulheres
Informe das atividades desenvolvidas pelo Grupo de Antropologia Visual da USP
Authors: Editor O
Published: June 2014

Informe das atividades desenvolvidas pelo Grupo de Antropologia Visual da USP
Expediente
Authors: Editorial Comissão
Published: June 2014

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A dor em movimento: corpo e envelhecimento nas academias de ginástica
Authors: Balestra Aline Alcarde
Published: June 2014

Partindo de uma etnografia em academias de ginastica, este artigo propoe uma reflexão sobre as experiencias do corpo e do envelhecimento vivenciadas por mulheres que frequentavam as academias etnografadas. O interesse deste trabalho volta-se para o entendimento e percepcao etnográfica da maneira pela qual mulheres, na faixa etaria dos 40 anos ou mais, relacionavam-se com o espaço da academia e com as praticas corporais que nele desenvolviam. Procurando um deslocamento da concepcao de um sujeito unico e humano, são exploradas relacoes entre genero, corpo, envelhecimento, dor, doenca e movimento. Objetiva-se, assim, tornar perceptivel o carater pragmatico e relacional da experiencia vivenciada por essas mulheres ao praticarem exercicios fisicos e, igualmente, questionar conceitos supostamente estabelecidos como saude, beleza e bem-estar.
Expediente
Authors: Editorial Comissão
Published: June 2014

Expediente 2013
“Filhos de uma reza só”: regulamentação jurídica das identidades e paradoxos da adequação no reconhecimento do Quilombo do Carmo
Authors: Ferreira Rebeca Campos
Published: June 2014

O presente artigo é voltado ao processo de reconhecimento e titulação de terras de comunidades de quilombo no âmbito do prescrito pelo Artigo 68 do Ato das Disposições Constitucionais Transitórias da Constituição Federal do Brasil, de 1988. O processo em questão, realizado pelo Estado, tem por objetivo expedir aos quilombolas os títulos de propriedade coletiva. O campo de observação empírica é o Quilombo do Carmo, SP, formado por descendentes de escravos da Ordem do Carmo, auto-designados filhos de Nossa Senhora do Carmo – “Filhos de uma reza só” –, onde se desenrola o processo de transformação do grupo como sujeito de novo conjunto de direitos. Aqui se desenvolverá uma reflexão sobre a dinamicidade das identidades, por meio do acompanhamento de um grupo etnicamente diferenciado, frente ao novo horizonte de direitos, o que leva a um re-ordenamento na comunidade, enquanto ator político e social, passando à regulamentação jurídica da identidade.
Pixadores pela cidade: (i)legalidades e ambiguidades nas extensas relações da pixação de Belo Horizonte
Authors: Carvalho Rodrigo Amaro de
Published: June 2014

O presente artigo objetiva apresentar parte dos resultados finais da minha dissertação de mestrado, que consistiu em estabelecer uma etnografia com os pixadores da cidade de Belo Horizonte (CARVALHO, 2013). A partir da observação participante em meio à prática e aos espaços de encontro dos pixadores e da análise de diversificadas fontes de pesquisa é que conseguimos investigar as estratégias (i)legais utilizadas pelos Policiais Militares e pelo Poder Público para inibir e punir as ações dos pixadores. Assim, conseguimos etnografar algumas formas de violência policial, bem como as estratégias utilizadas pelos pixadores para resistir e burlar estes mecanismos coercitivos. Inúmeros foram os comentários e as representações negativas por mim mapeadas, desferidas pelos pixadores contra as diversas esferas de atuação do poder público. Em suma, apresentaremos como a repressão age de modo retroativo, isto é, reprimindo, mas também contribuindo para a prática da pixação.
A representação da homossexualidade nos discursos jurídicos sobre adoção homoparental
Authors: Fernandes Rafael Morello
Published: June 2014

O artigo, fruto da minha pesquisa de mestrado, trata das representações da homossexualidade a partir dos discursos jurídicos sobre adoção nas varas da infância, da juventude e do idoso da comarca da capital do Rio de janeiro.² De acordo com os resultados preliminares da pesquisa, destaco duas estratégias na forma de lidar com a polêmica relação entre homossexualidade e parentalidade por parte dos envolvidos nos processos de adoção: a invisibilização das peculiaridades da adoção por casais homossexuais, como se a simples positivação da questão pelo judiciário resolvesse os conflitos que cercam a questão e certa “idealização” da homossexualidade, como se esta por si só representasse uma espécie de vantagem em termos de amadurecimento pessoal do candidato à adoção.
“A lei ficou louca”: A Lei Maria da Penha e os efeitos da incondicionalidade da lesão corporal no trabalho policial em duas DDM de São Paulo
Authors: Lins Beatriz Accioly
Published: June 2014

Em 2006, foi promulgada a Lei nº 11.340, Lei Maria da Penha, com o propósito de criar mecanismos para coibir a violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher. Viso compreender de que maneira tal mudança teria impactado a prática e falas policiais em de duas Delegacias de Defesa da Mulher da cidade de São Paulo, investigando a interação das policiais com a nova lei e as mudanças nela previstas, os significados que lhe são atribuídos, e mais especificamente os efeitos da decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal, de fevereiro de 2012, de transformar o delito de lesão corporal, dentro do contexto da violência doméstica, em ação pública incondicionada, isto é, retirando da mulher a decisão de transformar o registro da ocorrência em investigação e instaurando o inquérito policial a despeito da vontade da vítima.
O Estatuto do Nascituro: quando os documentos legislativos constroem pessoas
Authors: Potechi Bruna
Published: June 2014

Este artigo visa demonstrar algumas maneiras de os documentos legislativos construírem pessoas. Partindo do Estatuto do Nascituro, projeto de lei que tramita na Câmara dos Deputados e que defende embriões, fetos, ou nascituro – como pretende conceituar os seres concebidos, mas ainda não nascidos –como uma pessoa, pretendo expor como os documentos que dialogam com este projeto de lei articulam seus diferentes argumentos de forma a construir diferentes pessoas. Assim, entraremos no conjunto de documentos – leis, projetos de lei, pareceres, votos em separado, justificativas de projetos de lei, etc. – que dispõe sobre aborto e novas tecnologias, dois momentos onde o nascituro pode aparecer como uma pessoa, ou não-pessoa. E ainda verificar como são atribuídos diferentes níveis de pessoalidade.
Representações sociais sobre a família do adolescente em conflito com a lei: a lei e suas ressignificações
Authors: Vinuto Juliana
Published: June 2014

Pretende-se analisar aqui duas diferentes construções representacionais sobre a família do adolescente em conflito com a lei: uma encontrada na Doutrina de Proteção Integral, que ampara o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA), e outra encontrada em narrativas de implementadores de medida socioeducativa, como psicólogos, assistentes sociais, etc, que atuam em medidas de internação ou liberdade assistida. Tais representações não deveriam ser divergentes, já que o trabalho desses funcionários é guiado pelo ECA, porém, durante a fase de entrevistas de uma pesquisa em andamento verificou-se algumas divergências entre as representações mobilizadas por estas duas instâncias. Objetiva-se problematizar tais representações a partir do trabalho de Lipsky (1983), que observa uma dimensão ressignificada em que mesmo que o âmbito político molde os padrões de decisão, a discricionariedade dos implementadores de ponta pode afetar a qualidade dos benefícios e as sanções possíveis.
Território e sociabilidade: relatos latinoamericanos
Authors: Nascimento Valdir Aragão do
Published: June 2014

MARTINS, Pedro; SÁNCHEZ, Héctor Ávila; WELTER, Tânia (orgs.). Território e sociabilidade: relatos latinoamericanos. 1ª ed. Florianópolis: Editora da UDESC, 2012. 272p.
Favelas cariocas: ontem e hoje
Authors: Esteves Ana Beatriz de Souza
Published: June 2014

MELLO, Marco Antônio da Silva; MACHADO DA SILVA, Luiz Antonio; FREIRE, Leticia de Luna; SIMÕES, Soraya Silveira (orgs.). Favelas cariocas: ontem e hoje. Rio de Janeiro: Garamond, 2012, 500p.
Transnacionalização religiosa: fluxos e redes
Authors: Rodrigues Ronaldo de Oliveira
Published: June 2014

ORO, Ari Pedro; STEIL, Carlos Alberto; RICKLI, João (orgs.). Transnacionalização religiosa: fluxos e redes. São Paulo: Editora Terceiro Nome, 2012, 202 p.
Signos urbanos juvenis: rotas da piXação no ciberespaço
Authors: Diógenes Glória
Published: June 2014

Este texto é parte de uma pesquisa que vem sendo desenvolvida acerca das experiências juvenis e conexões entre esferas online e offline. Nesse estudo são traçados percursos de signos de pixadores entre a cidade e o ciberespaço. Foi tomado como locus de observação as redes de relacionamento do Orkut e Facebook de pixadores destacados de Fortaleza. Além da etnografia no ciberespaço, foram realizadas entrevistas online econtatos presenciais. Os pixadores “tacam marcas” no ciberespaço. Observou-se que as marcas das “siglas” de pertencimento, o “nome” dos pixadores, podem definir territórios no ciberespaço não necessariamente acoplados aos ambientes da cidade. O “xarpi” pode ser “apagado” dos lugares físicos da cidade e, mesmo assim, resistir ao efeito do tempo no ciberespaço. Percebe-se ao longo da pesquisa que o ciberespaço possibilita a partilha do nome e a visibilidade da sigla de pertencimento no universo das demais siglas, produzindo assim outro “regimes de signos”.
A heresia dos índios - catolicismo e rebelião no Brasil colonial
Authors: Rufino Marcos Pereira
Published: June 2014

VAINFAS, Ronaldo. A heresia dos índios - catolicismo e rebelião no Brasil colonial.
Outcomes With Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Versus Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Bangalore Sripal , Toklu Bora , Feit Frederick
Published: June 2014

Background—

Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) compared with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) reduces mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus. However, prior trials compared CABG with balloon angioplasty or older generation stents, and it is not known if the gap between CABG and PCI can be reduced by newer generation drug-eluting stents.

Methods and Results—

PUBMED/EMBASE/CENTRAL search for randomized trials comparing mode of revascularization in patients with diabetes mellitus. Primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization, and stroke. Mixed treatment comparison analyses were performed using a random-effects Poisson regression model. Sixty-eight randomized trials that enrolled 24 015 diabetic patients with a total of 71 595 patient-years of follow-up satisfied our inclusion criteria. When compared with CABG (reference rate ratio [RR]=1.0), PCI with paclitaxel-eluting stent (RR=1.57 [1.15–2.19]) or sirolimus-eluting stent (RR=1.43 [1.06–1.97]) was associated with an increase in mortality. However, PCI with cobalt–chromium everolimus-eluting stent (RR=1.11 [0.67–1.84]) was not associated with a statistically significant increase in mortality. When compared with CABG, there was excess repeat revascularization with PCI, which progressively declined from plain old balloon angioplasty (341% increase) to bare metal stent (218% increase) to paclitaxel-eluting stent (81% increase) and to sirolimus-eluting stent (47% increase). However, for PCI with cobalt–chromium everolimus-eluting stent (RR=1.31 [0.74–2.29]), the excess repeat revascularization was not statistically significant although the point estimate favored CABG. CABG was associated with numerically higher stroke.

Conclusions—

In patients with diabetes mellitus, evidence from indirect comparison shows similar mortality between CABG and PCI using cobalt–chromium everolimus-eluting stent. CABG was associated with numerically excess stroke and PCI with cobalt–chromium everolimus-eluting stent with numerically increased repeat revascularization. This hypothesis needs to be tested in future trials.
Association Between Operator Procedure Volume and Patient Outcomes in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Strom Jordan B. , Wimmer Neil J. , Wasfy Jason H. , Kennedy Kevin , Yeh Robert W.
Published: June 2014

Background—

The growth of centers capable of performing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has outpaced population growth despite declining incidence of myocardial infarction and prevalence of coronary artery disease, potentially increasing the proportion of operators falling below minimal yearly volume standards set by professional societies.

Methods and Results—

Electronic literature search of MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library for English-language articles published between 1977 and November 2012 was performed. Title and abstract review followed by full-text and references review were performed by 2 authors independently to identify studies examining the association between operator volume and outcomes in PCI. Using a standardized form, 2 authors abstracted information on study design, methods, outcomes, statistical methods, and conclusions. Studies were categorized according to methodological quality and outcomes. Meta-analyses were performed by outcome using a random-effects model. Of the 23 studies included in the analysis, 14 (61%) evaluated mortality, 7 (30%) evaluated major adverse cardiac events, and 2 (9%) evaluated angiographic success. In total, the studies evaluated 15 907 operators performing 205 214 PCIs on 1 109 103 patients at 2456 centers with a mean follow-up of 2.8 years. Eleven (48%) were considered higher quality. Studies with higher methodological quality and large sample sizes more often showed a relationship between operator volume and outcomes in PCI. Higher volume was associated with improved major adverse cardiac events at every threshold, regardless of the threshold evaluated.

Conclusions—

Mortality and major adverse cardiac events increase as operator volumes decrease in PCI. Among studies showing a relationship, high-volume operators were defined variably, with annual PCIs ranging from >11 to >270, with no clear evidence of a threshold effect within the ranges studied.
Age-Specific Exercise Capacity Threshold for Mortality Risk Assessment in Male Veterans
Authors: Kokkinos Peter , Faselis Charles , Myers Jonathan , Sui Xuemei , Zhang Jiajia , Blair Steven N.
Published: June 2014

Background—

Mortality risk decreases beyond a certain fitness level. However, precise definition of this threshold is elusive and varies with age. Thus, fitness-related mortality risk assessment is difficult.

Methods and Results—

We studied 18 102 male veterans (8305 blacks and 8746 whites). All completed an exercise test between 1986 and 2011 with no evidence of ischemia. We defined the peak metabolic equivalents (METs) level associated with no increase in all-cause mortality risk (hazard ratio, 1.0) for the age categories of <50, 50 to 59, 60 to 69, and ≥70 years. We used this as the threshold group to form additional age-specific fitness categories based on METs achieved below and above it: least-fit (>2 METs below threshold; n=1692), low-fit (2 METs below threshold; n=4884), moderate-fit (2 METs above threshold; n=4646), fit (2.1–4 METs above threshold; n=1874), and high-fit (>4 METs above threshold; n=1301) categories. Multivariable Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality across fitness categories. During follow-up (median=10.8 years), 5102 individuals died. Mortality risk for the cohort and each age category increased for the least-fit and low-fit categories (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.37–1.66; and HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.12–1.30, respectively) and decreased for the moderate-fit; fit and high-fit categories (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.65–0.78; HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.56–0.78; and HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.41–0.58, respectively). The trends were similar for 5- and 10-year mortality risk.

Conclusion—

We defined age-specific exercise capacity thresholds to guide assessment of mortality risk in individuals undergoing a clinical exercise test.
Clinical Prediction Model Suitable for Assessing Hospital Quality for Patients Undergoing Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Wimmer Neil J. , Spertus John A. , Kennedy Kevin F. , Anderson H. Vernon , Curtis Jeptha P. , Weintraub William S. , Singh Mandeep , Rumsfeld John S. , Masoudi Frederick A. , Yeh Robert W.
Published: June 2014

Background

Assessing hospital quality in the performance of carotid endarterectomy (
CEA
) requires appropriate risk adjustment across hospitals with varying case mixes. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a prediction model to assess the risk of in‐hospital stroke or death after
CEA
that could aid in the assessment of hospital quality.

Methods and Results

Patients from National Cardiovascular Data Registry (NCDR)'s Carotid Artery Revascularization and Endarterectomy (CARE) Registry undergoing
CEA
without acute evolving stroke from 2005 to 2013 were included. In‐hospital stroke or death was modeled using hierarchical logistic regression with 20 candidate variables and accounting for hospital‐level clustering. Internal validation was achieved with bootstrapping; model discrimination and calibration were assessed. A total of 213 (1.7%) primary end point events occurred during 12 889 procedures. Independent predictors of stroke or death included age, prior peripheral artery disease, diabetes mellitus, prior coronary artery disease, having a symptomatic carotid lesion, having a contralateral carotid occlusion, or having New York Heart Association Class III or IV heart failure. The model was well calibrated and demonstrated moderate discriminative ability (c‐statistic 0.65). The
NCDR CEA
score was then developed to support simple, prospective risk quantification in the clinical setting.

Conclusions

The
NCDR CEA
score, comprising 7 clinical variables, predicts in‐hospital stroke or death after
CEA
. This model can be used to estimate hospital risk‐adjusted outcomes for
CEA
and to assist with the assessment of hospital quality.
Predictive Value of Newly Detected Atrial Fibrillation Paroxysms in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke, for Atrial Fibrillation After 90 Days
Authors: Higgins Peter , Dawson Jesse , MacFarlane Peter W. , McArthur Kate , Langhorne Peter , Lees Kennedy R.
Published: June 2014

Background and Purpose—

Extended cardiac monitoring immediately after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) increases paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) detection, but its reliability for detection or exclusion of longer term paroxysmal PAF is unknown. We evaluated the positive and negative predictive value (PPV and NPV) of AF detection early after AIS, for PAF confirmation 90 days later.

Methods—

We investigated 49 patients within 7 days of AIS for PAF according to current guidelines; 23 patients received 7 days of additional noninvasive cardiac event monitoring with an R-test device early after their stroke (ISRCTN 97412358). Ninety days after AIS, everyone underwent 7 days of cardiac event monitoring. We calculated the PPV and NPV of immediate PAF detection through extended cardiac event monitoring and through any investigative modality, for the presence of PAF on the 90-day event monitor.

Results—

PAF detected by a 7-day event monitor within 2 weeks of AIS had a PPV of 100% (95% confidence interval, 72%–100%) for PAF confirmation after 90 days. NPV after 7 days of event monitoring was 64% (95% confidence interval, 35%–87%). PAF detected early through any modality had a PPV of 100% (95% confidence interval, 76%–100%). However, the NPV in the absence of R-test monitoring was only 42% (95% confidence interval, 28%–58%).

Conclusions—

AF detection through any means immediately after stroke holds strong PPV for confirmation after 90 days, justifying treatment decisions on early monitoring alone. However, failure to identify AF through early monitoring has only modest NPV even after 7 days of monitoring; repeated investigation is desirable.
Elucidating the controversial Drosera montana complex (Droseraceae): a taxonomic revision
Authors: Rivadavia Fernando , Gonella Paulo Minatel , Sano Paulo Takeo , Fleischmann Andreas
Published: June 2014

The species of the affinity of Drosera montana (Droseraceae) are reviewed taxonomically and the complex is redefined to include only D. montana, D. tentaculata, D. tomentosa var. tomentosa, D. tomentosa var. glabrata, and D. spirocalyx. The latter is a newly described narrow endemic species from the Serra do Cipó in central Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The morphological characters distinguishing these five taxa from each other and from other similar species are discussed together with habitat and ecological information. Detailed illustrations, photographs, distribution maps and an identification key are provided. A lectotype for D. tomentosa is here designated.
Molecular evidence for the occurrence of the lichen genus Biatora (Lecanorales, Ascomycota) in the Southern Hemisphere
Authors: Rodriguez Flakus Pamela , Printzen Christian
Published: June 2014

Based on anatomical investigations and a DNA barcoding approach the occurrence of a Biatora species from the B. rufidula group in Argentina and Chile is confirmed and the biogeographical implications briefly discussed. No morphological differences could be found that would distinguish the southern collections from typical B. rufidula. However, southern and northern samples appear paraphyletic within the B. rufidula clade. The South American material might therefore represent an undescribed species. Alternatively, the taxonomic status of the three northern species B. aegrefaciens, B. nobilis and B. rufidula might have to be reconsidered or the placement might be an artifact caused by the poor character sampling involved in the barcoding approach.
Criminal appellants’ claims and appellate courts’ answers: An empirical analysis of criminal appeals in Hunan province, China
Authors: Kuang Kai , Liang Bin
Published: June 2014

To date, studies (especially empirical studies) on China criminal appeals are still rather limited, and most of them focused on the review mode, functions and values of appellate review, and correction of judicial judgments of the first instance. Based on 444 judicial documents rendered by appellate courts in Hunan Province, China, this study focuses on grounds raised by appellants and appellate courts’ answers, and addresses two specific questions: (1) what are grounds raised by criminal appellants in their appeals and how successful are they (measured by acceptance by appellate courts)? (2) How do appellate courts come to the final disposition decision, and are their dispositions subject to influences of systematic factors? Our analyses found that the nature of a comprehensive review in criminal appeals and discretional power possessed by Chinese judges affected both defendants’ appeals and appellate judges’ responses. Only three variables (the number of grounds accepted by appellate courts, the number new mitigating factors found by the courts, and the presence of attorneys) were found to have significantly impacted the final disposition. This empirical inquiry sheds light on the practice of criminal appeals in general.
Does the birth of a first child reduce the father's offending?
Authors: Theobald Delphine , Farrington David P , Piquero Alex R
Published: June 2014

A little investigated correlate of persistence and desistance is the effect of parenthood. Research suggests that for females particularly, parenthood plays an important role but the evidence for males is mixed. Yet, prior studies have not considered potential selection effects. This paper seeks to overcome this limitation by examining the effects of having a child on offending using propensity score matching, with data from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development, a longitudinal study of 411 South London males followed since childhood. Findings indicate that, while there are reductions in offending from several years before the child’s birth to several years after the child’s birth, the effects are not large. Further analyses examining ‘shotgun’ marriages show that reductions in offending are larger than for non-‘shotgun’ marriages. Also, if a man remains with the child for at least five years, then reductions in convictions are greater than when he does not.
Role of maleic- anhydride-grafted- polypropylene in supercritical CO2 foaming of poly (lactic acid) and its effect on cellular morphology
Authors: Wang Xiangdong , Liu Wei , Li Hangquan , Du Zhongjie , Zhang Chen
Published: June 2014

Poly (lactic acid)/maleic-anhydride-grafted-polypropylene (PLA/MAPP) blends were prepared by melt blending method. The effect of MAPP content on the dispersion morphology, thermal properties, and rheological behavior of PLA/MAPP blends was studied. Then PLA/MAPP blends were foamed using supercritical CO2 as physical blowing agent; and the cellular structure, cell size, as well as cell density were investigated. The results showed that of MA reacted with PLA, and thus a small amount of branched polymer would be formed. The branching structure strongly affected the rheological behavior, as well as the thermal properties of PLA. The blending morphology of PLA/MAPP blends also had a significant effect on the cell density of all the samples. The results indicated that homogeneous and finer cellular morphology for PLA/MAPP foams with high expansion ratio could be achieved with a proper content of MAPP in the blends.
Compressive, tensile and wear behavior of ex situ Al/AlN metal matrix nanocomposites
Authors: Fale Sandeep , Likhite Ajay , Bhatt Jatin
Published: June 2014

The mechanical strength and wear behavior of Al–AlN metal matrix nanocomposites synthesized using melt metallurgy technique is investigated. Uniformly dispersed nanostructured AlN particulates in nanocomposites are found to improve the mechanical properties. Detailed study on compressive and tensile test is attempted in the present work to understand the mechanism of deformation in nanocomposites. Adhesive dry wear test results indicate that applied load has strong influence on wear behavior of nanocomposites compared to the sliding distance. Porosity and weak agglomeration of nanoparticles are found to significantly affect the wear behavior and mechanical strength of synthesized nanocomposites. It is revealed that the transfer of load from matrix to reinforcement particulate is not an instantaneous phenomenon but initiates after some incubation period depending on the fraction of porosity in nanocomposites during compressive and tensile testing.
Relationship between Community Periodontal Index and Fecal Hemoglobin Concentration, an Indicator for Colorectal Neoplasm
Authors: Yen A.M.-F. , Lai H. , Fann J.C.-Y. , Chiu S.Y.-H. , Chen S.L.-S.
Published: June 2014

Periodontal disease and colorectal cancer have inflammatory processes in common. It is therefore worthwhile to investigate whether there is an association between periodontal probing depth and fecal hemoglobin concentration (FHbC), an indicator of colorectal neoplasms, in 40- to 44-year-old Taiwanese. We enrolled a total of 6,214 attendees aged 40 to 44 yr who were participating in a community-based integrated screening program and who received both periodontal and FHbC examinations between 2003 and 2008. A proportional odds logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratios of different FHbC levels in treating an increased level of community periodontal index (CPI) measuring periodontal probing depth as ordinary data from 0 to 4. Periodontal probing depth with the order of CPI was in parallel with an increase in the mean values of FHbC: 21.3 ± 156.3, 26.0 ± 167.7, 27.2 ± 151.1, and 39.5 ± 255.7 ng/mL for CPI 0, CPI 1, CPI 2, and CPI 3/4, respectively. The log-FHbC varied across the categories of CPI ( p = .0078). After adjusting for age, sex, education level, smoking, alcohol intake, exercise, body mass index, and intake of meat and vegetables, subjects with positive fecal immunochemical test results (FHbC ≥ 100 ng/mL) had a 33% higher risk of deteriorating to severe CPI than did those within the normal range of fecal immunochemical test (FHbC < 100 ng/mL) (adjusted odds ratio = 1.33, 95% confidence interval: 1.03-1.73). A positive association was demonstrated between FHbC and periodontal probing depth assessed by CPI among 6,214 Taiwanese aged 40 to 44 yr who participated in a community-based integrated health screening program. These results could have significant implications for early identification of high-risk individuals, as those with deep periodontal pockets should be advised to undergo screening for colorectal cancer at a younger age than commonly recommended.
What do zebrafish want? Impact of social grouping, dominance and gender on preference for enrichment
Authors: Schroeder Paul , Jones Soffia , Young Iain S , Sneddon Lynne U
Published: June 2014

Although environmental enrichment is known to improve laboratory rodent wellbeing and enhance scientific data collection, relatively little is known with regards to the type of enrichment that might be useful for zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Therefore, this study explored if zebrafish displayed preferences for a range of enrichments, including substrates, artificial plants, combinations thereof and airstones. Tanks divided into two compartments containing different enrichment cues were used to determine the preferences of zebrafish housed in pairs and groups of eight. When comparing time spent in enriched versus barren compartments, dominant individuals in a pair displayed a preference for substrate and behaviourally excluded the subordinate ( p < 0.05). In groups there was a preference for all substrate ( p < 0.01) and plant ( p < 0.05) enrichments over barren conditions. The strongest preference was for gravel substrate and images of gravel attached to the bottom of the tank. When preferences were compared for different enrichments, gravel (both sexes, p < 0.01) again emerged as the cue attracting the most significant preferences, with any combination featuring gravel substrate preferred over any combination featuring sand ( p < 0.05). The study has demonstrated that zebrafish reared in barren conditions preferred structural enrichment over standard conditions; however, when fish were held in pairs this was influenced by dominance status and in groups this was influenced by gender.
Anaesthetic effects in the ferret of alfaxalone alone and in combination with medetomidine or tramadol: a pilot study
Authors: Giral M , García-Olmo D C , Gómez-Juárez M , Gómez de Segura I A
Published: June 2014

Alfaxalone is a neurosteroid with anaesthetic effects and it has been used successfully in several animal species. However, there are no data, to our knowledge, about its efficacy and safety in ferrets ( Mustela putorius furo). We evaluated a variety of anaesthetic regimens in ferrets, namely, alfaxalone at 20, 10 and 5 mg/kg ( n = 1, 10 and 9, respectively; intravenously); medetomidine at 20 µg/kg ( n = 3; intramuscularly); medetomidine (20 µg/kg, intramuscularly) plus alfaxalone (2.5 mg/kg, intravenously; n = 7); and tramadol (5 mg/kg, intramuscularly) plus alfaxalone (5 mg/kg, intravenously; n = 2). Two animals treated with alfaxalone at 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, respectively, died. At 5 mg/kg alfaxalone produced anaesthesia with a similar onset but a shorter duration of anaesthesia and analgesia than alfaxalone at 10 mg/kg. The medetomidine–alfaxalone combination produced anaesthesia and analgesia of a longer duration than alfaxalone administered alone at 5 mg/kg ( P < 0.0001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Under this anaesthetic regimen, there was a progressive decrease in pulse rate during the first 30 min before the pulse rate stabilized. Respiratory parameters were maintained at acceptable levels. When tramadol was administered, all the animals exhibited a strong excitation reaction and in no case was the toe-pinch reflex clearly abolished. Thus, alfaxalone plus medetomidine provided safe and effective anaesthesia in ferrets. Alfaxalone, alone or in combination with tramadol, did not produce satisfactory results for use as an anaesthetic for this species.
The travelling patient: A clinician’s guide to the law surrounding medical tourism
Authors: Sim Nicholas Keyi
Published: June 2014

European law stipulates that all patients in the European Union (EU) have the right to seek state-funded healthcare in other EU nations as if they were being treated in their home country. This means they should not incur additional costs for their home country’s healthcare system. In cases of clinical negligence, patients are unlikely to bring a successful claim against the National Health Service (NHS). They face additional challenges if they bring the foreign service provider to an English court; they would need to establish jurisdiction, the applicable law, and enforce a successful judgment. The NHS may have to bear the cost of corrective treatment which is unlikely to be fully restorative. Clinicians need to be aware of the law so that they can reach a shared decision with the patient which takes into consideration the risks to the patient and service provision within the NHS.
World Christianity and Postcolonial Mission: A Path Forward for the Twenty-first Century
Authors: Clarke Sathianathan
Published: June 2014

In this article, I first interrogate the in vogue yet ambiguous term “world Christianity.” After assessing alternate nomenclature, I make the case for why “world Christianity” best represents this emerging discipline. Second, I examine two pathways that world Christianity carves out for postcolonial mission in the twenty-first century. While one trajectory falls backward reclaiming and reconfiguring past objectives of evangelization for Christ, the other launches forward engendering dynamic visions of mission made possible by trinitarian reflection. Third, I suggest postcolonial mission is an area of contestation but also negotiation; where these movements intersect paves a way forward for mission thinking and practice. I conclude by reflecting on emerging missiological challenges as these collectives seek to be collaborative and fruitful instruments of God's presence in the world.
Stirring up Deep Waters: Korean Feminist Theologies Today
Authors: Cho Min-Ah
Published: June 2014

This article traces the history of Korean feminist theology, focusing on its recent developments since the 1980s. During this period Korean feminist theology has produced distinctive methodologies and actively engaged with social movements toward justice and democracy. In the past decade, however, Korean feminist theology has been criticized for its inertia. This article argues that today’s Korean feminist theology should be evaluated differently than in the past. Acknowledging considerable changes in Korean society, Korean feminist theology is coping with fresh challenges, making new waves, and generating new inspirations.
Scholarly Transgressions: (Re)writing the History of World Christianity
Authors: Jones Arun W.
Published: June 2014

The history of world Christianity has typically relied on certain binary categories such as Western/non-Western, missionary/native, modern/traditional, and liberal/conservative. Our globalizing context, in which well-established political and ideological borders are constantly being crossed, raises questions about the adequacy of such binaries. Using Christianity in North India as a case study, this article explores the limits of these inherited frameworks for the study of world Christianity.