bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ansiedade traço-estado, risco de depressão e ideação suicida em gestantes de alto risco
Authors: Barros Alice Correia , Alves Verônica De Medeiros , Ribeiro Mara Cristina , Dos Santos Amuzza Aylla Pereira , Francisco Leilane Camila Ferreira de Lima , Alexandre Jaqueline Michelle Da Conceição
Published: April 2021

Pregnancy is a period in the life of a woman that requires special attention due to the various physical, hormonal, psychological and social insertion changes. In this context, we thought about the following guiding question: Do high-risk pregnant women in Alagoas have high levels of anxiety trait and/or state, risk of depression and suicidal ideation? This study aims to evaluate the levels of anxiety trait and state, risk of depression and suicidal ideation in high-risk pregnant women, assisted by the health service of Alagoas, Brazil. It is a cross-sectional, descriptive study with quantitative approach. The research was conducted with a sample of 247 high-risk pregnant women in the four and only reference ambulatory clinics for high-risk pregnancy in the State of Alagoas. Four data collection instruments were used: Identification form, Anxiety Inventory, Depression Scale and Suicidal Ideation Scale. Descriptive Analysis through relative frequency, bivariate analysis through chi-square, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney and Pearson’s correlation. Regarding the level of anxiety, state anxiety was classified as high (9.7%), moderate (53.4%) and low (36.8%) and trait anxiety was classified as high 7.7%, moderate 59.5% and low 32.8%. A total of 62.8% pregnant women at risk for depression and 2.4% with suicidal ideation were identified. The higher the risk for depression, the greater the risk of having anxiety trait/state moderate and high (p < 0.00). The main risk factors found in this study are low schooling, low family income and non-pregnancy planning.
There was no relationship between depression and suicide attempt in high-risk pregnant women. The study shows that
high-risk pregnant women have moderate/high trait/state anxiety and risk for depression
DEPRESSÃO: IMPLICAÇÕES DO SISTEMA DE MELATONINA E TRATAMENTO COM AGOMELATINA
Authors: Martins Eberhardt de Souza Jackeline , Lazzaretti Camilla
Published: April 2021

Resumo: A depressão é uma das principais doenças mentais do século, sendo uma das maiores causas de morbidade e invalidez. Os antidepressivos (AD) atualmente no mercado buscam aumentar as concentrações de monoaminas no encéfalo (dopamina, noradrenalina e serotonina). Todavia, os AD possuem efeitos colaterais indesejados, e isto tem motivado a pesquisa sobre medicamentos com mecanismos de ação diferenciados. Sabe- se, que no estado depressivo o ciclo circadiano é alterado, resultando em prejuízos nos estados de sono e vigília e consequentemente nas concentrações de melatonina (MEL). A MEL é um importante hormônio relacionado com a sincronização do ciclo circadiano, e está intimamente ligada com estados depressivos e insônia. Com estes dados, o objetivo do trabalho foi investigar através de uma revisão de literatura, a relação do sistema melatoninérgico com a depressão e seu tratamento com agomelatina (AGOM). Como método, foram pesquisados estudos relacionados aos descritores: “depressão e melatonina”, nas plataformas de busca: ”Scielo, PubMed e BVS (lilacs)”. Os resultados obtidos mostram, que dos estudos avaliados, em sua maioria cita a agomelatina, um fármaco AD análogo à melatonina. A AGOM possui resultados promissores em pesquisas clínicas e pré-clínicas para tratar problemas relacionados a insônia e a depressão, representando uma inovação nos fármacos com esta finalidade terapêutica. Concluiu-se, que o sistema melatoninérgico está intimamente ligado a estados depressivos e a agomelatina se apresenta como um fármaco promissor para o tratamento da depressão associada com alterações do ciclo sono e vigília.
Educação alimentar e nutricional em pré-escolares em uma escola da rede pública de Sapiranga/RS: Um relato de experiência
Authors: Backes Vanessa , Schmidt Jéssica , Kettermann Juliana Cristina
Published: April 2021

O comportamento alimentar na fase pré-escolar possui características próprias. Do nascimento até os primeiros anos de vida da criança o comportamento alimentar é muito influenciado pelos pais, sendo eles os primeiros educadores nutricionais. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi incentivar a prática da introdução de novos alimentos entre pré-escolares de 4 a 5 anos, de uma escola pública de Educação Infantil de Sapiranga. Para isto, foram propostas 3 intervenções, sendo elas: o conto “Chapeuzinho Vermelho e a cesta de alimentos”; na segunda abordado análise sensorial dos alimentos presentes na cesta da personagem; terceira e última intervenção uma oficina culinária. Os alunos manifestaram amplo interesse em participar das atividades propostas em todas as intervenções. É difícil averiguar o quanto os alunos aprenderam no decorrer das atividades, pois EAN necessita de métodos aperfeiçoados, visando futuras ações a serem planejadas juntamente com a equipe diretiva da escola.
Doenças e situações de vulnerabilidade das mulheres no contexto rural: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Richter Samanta Andresa , Gevehr Daniel Luciano
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: identificar as doenças e situações de vulnerabilidade mais prevalentes, com maior impacto à saúde da mulher no contexto rural. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, na qual foram selecionadas 32 publicações das plataformas SciELO, LILACS e PubMed, no período de maio a junho de 2018. Resultados e Discussão: dos artigos selecionados 71,86% são artigos estrangeiros. A maior parte dos artigos têm sua publicação concentrada nos anos de 2016, 2014 e 2015, somando 59,37%, mais da metade dos trabalhos selecionados. Conclusão: Embora, existam diferenças no contexto rural, muitas das doenças vivenciadas pelas mulheres do urbano também aparecem entre as rurais.  Porém a acessibilidade e a baixa escolaridade são grande diferenciais entre as mulheres urbano/rural, o que reafirma a importância da elaboração de estratégias de melhoramento das condições de vida da mulher rural.
Interações familiares em um contexto de Depressão Pós-Parto: percepção das mulheres
Authors: Marques Letícia Amico , Da Silva Mara Regina Santos , De Oliveira Adriane Maria Netto
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: conhecer a percepção das mulheres acerca das interações familiares após a manifestação dos sintomas da Depressão Pós-Parto. Métodos: estudo exploratório, descritivo e qualitativo desenvolvido com 11 mulheres com sintomas de depressão pós-parto na Escala de Depressão Pós-Parto de Edimburgo. Dados coletados de agosto a setembro de 2015 com entrevista semiestruturada e analisados por meio da Análise de Conteúdo. Respeitada a Resolução 466/2012 do CNS, o estudo recebeu parecer 62/2012 do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande. Todas as participantes assinaram Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Resultados: três categorias: a manifestação dos sintomas de Depressão Pós-Parto antes e após o parto, que aborda os momentos de descoberta dos sintomas e sua influência na familia; a Depressão Pós-Parto como uma barreira para a construção de relações familiares saudáveis, que evidencia os conflitos familiares advindos do quadro depressivo; e a Depressão Pós-Parto como motivadora para o fortalecimento da relação com a família, que demonstra motivação para o apoio frente às dificuldades. Considerações Finais: a sintomatologia depressiva interfere nas interações familiares. Na maioria dos casos negativamente, acarretando conflitos e afastamento, em outros, de forma positiva, considerando os mecanismos para a superação das adversidades.
Percepções de idosos acerca da sexualidade e possíveis limitações
Authors: Nunes Sandra Mara Ferreira , Bueno Glaukus Regiani , Nishida Fernanda Shizue , Antunes Mateus Dias
Published: April 2021

Introdução: nos últimos anos é possível observar um aumento da expectativa de vida que resulta em diversas mudanças no perfil demográfico. Nesta perspectiva, surgem maiores vulnerabilidades resultados de lacunas acerca da sexualidade do idoso. A educação em saúde constitui-se um relevante instrumento para reverter este cenário. Objetivo: verificar o conhecimento dos idosos de um determinado grupo sobre a sexualidade e suas práticas na vida cotidiana, bem como possíveis limitações sobre o tema. Materiais e métodos: os processos metodológicos utilizados caracterizaram-se por uma abordagem quantitativa, de caráter descritivo de amostra não probabilística por conveniência de idosos que pertencem a uma unidade básica de saúde, da cidade de Loanda, Paraná. Os dados obtidos através de questionário sociodemográfico estruturado e posteriormente tratados. Resultados: os idosos possuem vida sexual razoavelmente ativa, considerada por eles como importante, porém a prevenção não é constante, não procuram sanar suas dúvidas e não contam com programa de educação em saúde. Conclusão: pesquisa mostrou a importância da educação em saúde do idoso, assim como do enfermeiro enquanto e educador.
A Família Diante de uma Síndrome Genética não Esclarecida: Revisão Sistemática da Literatura
Authors: Cavanha Gabriel Ingrid , Bonafé Sei Maíra
Published: April 2021

Introdução: A ocorrência de uma alteração ou síndrome genética em um filho nunca é esperada por uma família. Tal descoberta implica em diversas mudanças, principalmente para os cuidadores. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar, por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, os aspectos envolvidos na família diante de uma síndrome ou alteração genética de crianças. Método: O estudo consiste em uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre família e síndrome genética. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados LILACS, SciELO e PePSIC. Foram empregadas seis combinações de termos em cada uma das bases: família AND doença genética; família AND síndrome rara; família AND doença rara; síndrome genética AND parentalidade; doença rara AND parentalidade e anomalia congênita AND família. Resultados: Foram encontrados 732 artigos, dos quais 11 foram selecionados após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Os artigos abordavam assuntos que foram agregados em duas categorias: trajetórias terapêuticas e busca por diagnósticos. Conclusões: Os artigos apontam que a criança com alteração ou síndrome genética traz impacto na família, principalmente no que diz respeito à busca por atendimentos especializados. Mostra-se necessário estudos que discorram sobre a dinâmica familiar, o exercício da parentalidade e aspectos emocionais e afetivos dos pais.
A sensibilidade moral nos cuidados paliativos ao paciente oncológico
Authors: YASIN JANAINA CASSANA MELLO , Barlem Edison Luiz Devos , Andrade Gustavo Baade de , Barlem Jamila Geri Tomaschewski , Gutierres Évilin Diniz
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: compreender a importância da sensibilidade moral para lidar com o paciente oncológico sob cuidados paliativos.Materiais e método: revisão de literatura do tipo exploratória descritiva através da base de dados LILACS.Resultados: os resultados se deram por meio de duas categorias: “cuidado paliativo ao paciente oncológico e a relação enfermeiro, paciente e familiar” e “sensibilidade moral como premissa para a tomada de decisão ética em prol do paciente oncológico sob cuidado paliativo”.Conclusão: a sensibilidade moral proporciona ao enfermeiro identificar o componente moral de cada situação e realizar a tomada de decisão em prol dos pacientes que se encontram sem prognóstico com maior discernimento, empatia, benevolência, amor e compaixão.
Indicators of the Relationship Between the Chemical Composition of Plant and Harvest Potatoes
Authors: Abeuov Serik , Shoykin Olzhas , Kamkin Viktor , Ermokhin Yuri
Published: April 2021

The authors carried out long-term research on the effect of mineral fertilizers on the “Gala” potato variety in the Pavlodar region. The relationship was established between the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium chemical composition of the potato plant in certain phases of growth and development. Various chemical and biochemical processes occur in soil and plants every second. The productivity of plants (y) depends on how the processes take place and proceed, since it is a function of the chemical composition (x) of the leaves: y = f x. The theoretical foundations of plant diagnostics are based on the role of nutrients in the formation of the crop, starting from the early stages of development. According to Yu. I. Ermokhin, the theory of this research provides information on the needs of plants, and in practice these needs must be satisfied. The authors carried out field experiments with fertilizers to obtain the sought-for connections from the low to the optimal content between the ratio of nutrients in the potato plant, which is confirmed by high correlation coefficients (r = 0.79-0.97). If the nitrogen content is higher than the optimal 4.64% in the 7-leaf phase and 4.16% in the flowering phase, then the nature of the ovary takes on a different meaning and the equation is described in a quadratic parabola form.
Keywords: potato, harvest, nutrition, fertilizers, plant growth
Stability of Heat and Energy Characteristics of Refrigerating Units as a Condition of Quality Increase of Agricultural Production Storage
Authors: E. Bashniak Sergey , A. Ladygin Evgeniy , S. Anisimova Olga , Yu. Kontareva Valentina , G. Papchenko Natalya , M. Bashniak Irina
Published: April 2021

This article provides information about the importance of stable thermal operating modes of refrigeration machines in the condition of changes in the thermal load on the compressor. We also consider the problem of the minimum energy consumption of refrigeration machines. These two parameters characterize the storage quality of agricultural products in refrigeration machines. It is shown that the temperature stability of the cooling chambers and the minimum energy consumption of the cooling process determine the refrigerator efficiency and, ultimately, the production cost. The article proposes continuous monitoring of the heat and energy indicators of refrigerators. These indicators are recorded and after the set period of operation, control and verification measurements of the control refrigeration machine’s heat and energy indicators are performed. The convergence or divergence of these indicators is used to evaluate the stability of the cooling chambers’ temperature regimes and the specific energy consumption. We also consider the influence of time on the performance of the compression refrigeration machine changes and methods of current technical condition diagnostics. If the deviations are insignificant, the program goes through the cycle to the beginning of monitoring and after a set period of time again automatically performs control measurements and evaluation of deviations. In the case of significant deviations, the decision-making subroutine is activated: either to operate the refrigerator further; perform its maintenance; suspend its operation; or replace it.
Keywords: refrigeration units, cooling, heat and power characteristics, management controller, storage quality of agricultural production
Evaluation of Hormone-Induced Stress Responses Using Endogenous Cortisol in Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: I. Berezina Daria , L. Fomina Lyubov
Published: April 2021

With stress studies in fish it is often difficult to determine the degree of response to various stressors, and the interpretation of this influence is usually based on an increase in endogenous cortisol levels. Simulation of stress with synthetic corticosteroids is widely used in ichthyological practice, which raises the question of whether endogenous cortisol is the most appropriate parameter for measuring stress levels in such studies. This work presents the dynamics of the plasma cortisol level in simulating acute and chronic stress in 24 carps by a single injection of dexamethasone in the first experimental group and betamethasone in the second experimental group, in comparison with the control group (without injection) for 21 days. The analysis was performed before injection, as well as after 7, 14 and 21 days of treatment. The hormonal response was compared with that of fish stressed by natural factors (hypoxia). It was found that betamethasone inactivates the production of endogenous cortisol during all subsequent days of the experiment after injection from 353.68±66.39 ng/ml to 7.28±1.27 ng/ml by day 21, while the effect of dexamethasone caused multidirectional fluctuations in its level: from 346.25±43.16 ng/ml to 242.25±58.49 ng/ml on the 7th day, 388.25±37.51 ng/ml on the 14th day and 264.25±21.21 ng/ml on day 21 compared with smooth dynamics in control fish: 376.25±44.04 ng/ml, 366.75±42.82 ng/ml, 335.33±8.57 ng/ml and 366.00±89.22 ng/ml, respectively. It was concluded that measuring the level of endogenous cortisol is not recommended when assessing the degree of stress imitation by these hormones, and in studies of this type it is necessary to search for other indicators.
Keywords: carp, cortisol, stress, dexamethasone, betamethasone, hormone
Analysis of Productive Qualities of Pigs When Including DKB Feed Supplement in the Diet
Authors: Chernyshkov Alexander , Zasemchuk Inna , Semenchenko Sergey
Published: April 2021

Improving the efficiency of pig farming requires biologically complete feeding in accordance with the age, physiological and sexual characteristics of animals based on the knowledge of composition and nutritional value. The health and productivity of animals depends on the use of protein, fat, carbohydrates and minerals, and high-quality vitamins. Traditional feed does not provide animals with a sufficient and optimal ratio of minerals and vitamins. One of the factors providing young pigs with these nutrients may be the inclusion of the DKB vitamin-mineral energy supplement in the diet. The article analyzes the influence of DKB on the productivity of young pigs. The aim of the study was to justify an increase in productivity indicators of large white pigs feeding with DKB. In order to trace the impact of DKB on the productivity of pigs, we took into account the change in their live weight. During the experiment (60 days), 54 kg of the vitamin-mineral complex worth 3300 rubles was spent on the 20 piglets of the experimental group. This entailed an increase in the total costs. The results of the study indicate a positive effect of the additive on the dynamics and growth rate of the piglets of the experimental group and on the cost of feed and nutrients, which favorably affects the profitability and economic efficiency of pork production.
Keywords: DKB vitamin-mineral energy supplement, piglets, live weight, growth dynamics, average daily gain, feed costs, profitability, economic efficiency
Composition Designing of Cooked Sausage "Udachnaya" Based on Optimization Principles
Authors: A. Diner Yulia , A. Yurk Natalia , V. Kosenchuk Olga , V. Skryabina Olga , S. Ryabkova Dina
Published: April 2021

This article deals with the process of composition designing of the cooked sausage "Udachnaya" by adding non-meat ingredients to reduce material costs for production, obtain a product with given chemical composition and technological properties, as well as to minimize the occurrence of defects characteristic of cooked sausage products, in particular broth-fat runoffs. As part of the research, complete preparations of the new generation “Biophos 90” and “Bioton gel 651” were used, which did not reduce the nutritional and biological value of meat products and also produced sausage products with high organoleptic and technological properties that are safe for consumer health and the environment. Synthesis of lessons learned in the development of the rational formulation of cooked sausage products shows that the use of mathematical modeling makes it possible to implement a targeted combination of ingredients and deliver the specified chemical composition and variable processing properties with an insignificant change in prime cost. The study was conducted using the technical base and laboratory areas of the Department of Commodity Research, Standardization and Quality Control (Faculty of Animal Science, Commodity Research, and Standardization), as well as the common use center of scientific equipment of FSBEI HE “Omsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin”. The analytical data presented in this publication may be of interest to students of industry-specific colleges, as well as specialists in the meat industry, and can be implemented in real enterprises.
Keywords: Construction, composition, cooked sausage, nutrient additives
Photosynthetic Activity of Cup Plant Depending on the Method of Seeding
Authors: P. Chupina Marina , F. Stepanov Aleksandr
Published: April 2021

Biological farming throughout the world is becoming a necessity for the production of safe products, and the preservation of fertility and biodiversity. In this direction, there is a significant interest of the scientific community in the perennial culture – cup plant. The cup plant has a wide range of uses in economic activities and due to its high resistance to diseases and pests, the long-term use of its plantations without replanting, and the accumulation of a significant mass of organic matter in the soil, it can be used to expand the species diversity of perennial grasses in the biological farming system. The aim of the study was to examine the influence of the seeding method and seeding rate on photosynthetic activity and dry matter productivity of the cup plant in the forest-steppe conditions of Western Siberia. It was found that with an ordinary method of sowing at a seeding rate of 4 million pcs/ha, the grass stand in the first cut had the highest rates of photosynthetic activity on average over the years of research: the leaf area was 14.8 m2 /m2 , the photosynthetic potential was 4.0 million m2 day/ha and the net productivity of photosynthesis was 2.0 g/m2 ⋅ day. In the second cut, the figures were 8.4 m2 /m2 , 1.9 million m2 day/ha and 2.8 g/m2 ⋅ day, respectively. The optimal density of herbage and active photosynthetic activity in the cup plant using this method of sowing contributed to a significant yield of dry matter of 12.6 t/ha with a high level of PAR absorption of 2.9%.
Keywords: cup plant, yield, photosynthesis, sowing method
Improvement of Pork Quality at Different Values of Pig Productivity
Authors: Emelyanov Alexey , Levkovskaya Elena , Karatunov Vyacheslav , Danilenko Nikita , Ovchinnikov Dmitry
Published: April 2021

This article examines how to increase pork meat productivity and quality indicators through the use of crossbreeding. The aim is to increase the meat productivity of animals; reduce losses during production and processing; and improve the criteria for assessing the quality of meat and the organization of its rational use. The purpose of our research is to study the productive quality of the steppe type of pigs, used in the Rostov region in breeding and crossing systems, and the complex of biological and internal indicators in connection with the defects in the quality of pork. Four groups with 16 animals in each were formed: the first group – with the intensive cultivation technology, included pigs of the DM-1 breed, the second – SM-1, the third – the SM-1 × DM-1 crossbreed, the fourth – the DM-1 × SM-1 crossbreed. Analysis of the raw meat showed that the pork had a good ability to emulsify and gel, and had a high nutritional value. The toxicity index in the muscle and fat tissue samples corresponded to the first permissible toxicity group. The study shows the advantages of crossbred individuals over purebred ones, which can be explained by the consequences of heterosis. According to the research results, the use of pig breeding in the industrial production of pork can be recommended in order to improve feedstock and meat productivity, biological and interior indicators, as well as the quality of raw meat.
Keywords: pork, crossbreeding, meat productivity, meat quality, steppe type of pigs, interior indicators, fattening qualities, biological and nutritional value of pork
The Influence of Mineral Nutrition on the Productivity of Spring Rape
Authors: I. Lupova Ekaterina , V. Vinogradov Dmitry , V. Evsenina Marina , S. Pityurina Irina
Published: April 2021

This article presents data on the influence of mineral nutrition on the productivity of spring bird rape varieties in the conditions of the non-chernozem zone of Russia. The experiments were carried out on agro-gray loamy soils of the experimental agrotechnological station of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Ryazan State Agrotechnological University” (FSBEI HE RSATU) in the Ryazan Region in 2016-2018. A level of mineral nutrition for spring bird rape was calculated asN180P100K100. Based on this, the options for mineral nutrition in research were established. According to the results of the experiments, the duration of the growing season of spring bird rape varieties was established: 73-91 days.An increase in nitrogen to 150 kg of the active substance turned out to be less effective, as the yield increased slightly or remained at the level of N90P50K50. The use of phosphoruspotassium fertilizers did not contribute to the creation of such a nutritional regime that would increase seed productivity. An increase in the nitrogen nutrition of the plants led to increased protein content anddecreased oil content in seeds. This trend was observed in all varieties of spring bird rape. The average oil content was 38.5-45.5% and the average protein contentwas 18.0-24.7%, depending on the variety and the level of mineral nutrition. On average, the highest oil content was shown by varieties Lipchanka (44.1%) and Kulta (42.6%).
Keywords: agro-gray soil, level of mineral nutrition, oil content, productivity, spring bird rape, variety
Efficiency of Application of Liquid Fertilizer Gumavit When Sprouting Seeds
Authors: V. Gamaga Varvara , V. Iudaev Igor , A. Rodionova Svetlana , A. Sokolova Natalya , E. Kostin Vasiliy
Published: April 2021

The object of this study was Gumavit, a liquid humic fertilizer based on peat. This fertilizer is obtained by cavitation dispergation of peat in a shock pulse generator and subsequent alkaline extraction from a water-peat mixture of humic acids. This study examined the effect of Gumavit on the germination energy and germination capacity of barley seeds, wheat and tomatoes, as well as its effect on plant growth and development. It was found that Gumavit did not adversely affect the germination energy and germination capacity of seeds of grain crops and tomatoes. The use of a 0.2% (of humic acids - HA) Gumavit solution had a positive effect on the sowing quality of the studied cultures’ seeds. The use of a 0.01% (of HA) solution of Gumavit to moisten sand and germinate seeds after 14 days had a positive effect on the length and mass of Favorit wheat grain sprouts; as well as a positive effect on the root mass of Favorit and Kamyshanka-3 wheat, Volgogradskii-12 barley, Volgogradskii 5/95 tomatoes and Dar Zavolzhia tomatoes. The increase in the root mass of the studied cultures can be explained by the absorption of a small fraction of humic substances by the roots of these plants, leading to an increase in the number of lateral roots and their root hairs.
Keywords: Gumavit, seed treatment, germination energy, germination capacity, grain crops, tomatoes, moistening sand, length and mass of sprouts
Effective Technological Schemes for the Cultivation of Industrial Open-Earth Vineyards in the Don Area
Authors: Shamil Huseynov , Sergey Mayborodin
Published: April 2021

Over the long years of the development of agro-technological approaches to the methods of grape growing, researchers paid special attention to the issues of pruning grape bushes, the methods of their formation and maintenance and planting plans. In the environmental conditions of the Lower Don of the Russian Federation, many years of research were conducted in order to establish the optimal parameters of various agro-technological methods used in the vineyard (the methods of maintaining, forming, pruning and the rates of bush loading) through the example of a promising variety of Crystal grapes of interspecific origin. At the same time, a prerequisite for this research was the link with the scheme of planting vines and its effect on the productivity of uncultivated vineyards, as well as the quality of the crop. In this study, we proposed the technological and economic advantages of industrial and intensive methods of maintaining and forming vineyards on an industrial basis. These methods were new for the Don conditions. We conducted research and studied various ways of maintaining, forming, pruning and loading grape bushes in the Rostov Region, in the conditions of the experimental field, which increased the use of photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) in the production process on standard open-earth vineyards of industrial and intensive type, when cultivating Crystal grape varieties of interspecific origin. Processing and analysis of the results of the application of various agricultural methods in the experimental areas will reveal the most optimal ones from an economic point of view.
Keywords: grapes, architectonics, management method, productivity, biomass
Epidemic Characteristics of Histomonosis in Geese Flocks in the Orenburg Region
Authors: I. Khristianovsky Pavel , A. Platonov Stanislav , V. Belimenko Vladislav
Published: April 2021

In May-June 2019, there was a mortality surge among adult geese on the IP Samodurov farm (in the village of Krasnokholm, Orenburg Region). The deaths stopped as soon as the geese were out of lay. Pathological and microbiological studies established three parasitic diseases in the flock: heterakidosis, histomonosis, and eimeriosis. A one-off seasonal and age-related manifestation of these diseases is due to a reduced body resistance in the winter, huddling behaviour, and a high load in female geese during the laying season.
Keywords: histomonosis, epidemic characteristics, eimeriosis
Productivity of Ostriches Fed with Felucen P-2 Feed Supplement
Authors: O. Korotkikh Yulia , S. Krivko Mikhail
Published: April 2021

This article presents the results of a study that examined the effect of Felucen P-2 feed supplement on the growth and development, blood parameters and quality of meat of black African ostriches. The experiment was conducted on two groups of ostriches: the first group received the main diet and the second group received Felucen P-2 added to the main diet. It was found that Felucen P-2 was an effective feed supplement which increased the rate of growth and development of young ostriches. For example, at the age of 90 days, ostriches of the first group had a live weight of 19.15 kg, and of the second group - 20.35 kg; at the age of 120 days, the birds of the first group had a live weight of 29.10 kg and of the second group - 32.05 kg; at the age of 150 days, the birds of the first group had a live weight of 40.35 kg and of the second group - 44.95 kg. In addition, from the age of 120 days, the significant live weight gain was observed. During this period, average daily gains were 332-453 g. The insignificant superiority of ostriches of the second group over the first one by the biological value and meat quality was determined. The ash content in ostriches of the second group was 1.1%, and in the first group it was 0.9%; the moisture content was 75.3 and 77.1, respectively; the protein content was 20.9% and 19.1%, respectively; and the fat content was 2.7% and 2.9%, respectively. In general, meat products had high quality and dietary indicators.
Keywords: ostriches, Felucen P-2, daily average gain, meat
Correction of Mineral Metabolism Disorders in Young Camels
Authors: N. Babkina Tatiana , G. Tabackaja Alla , V. Lenkova Natalia
Published: April 2021

This article examines the effectiveness of the treatment of rickets in young camels bred in the Republic of Kalmykia with tricalcium phosphate and tricalcium phosphate with granuvite E. To determine the biogeochemical features of the Justinsky and Yashkulsky districts of the Republic of Kalmykia, we carried out an analysis of diets for nutritional value and balance, and a study of the soil, water, feed, and macronutrient content of camels’ blood. The article presents data from the clinical examination, and the clinical, hematological and biochemical blood tests carried out before, during and after therapy. To enrich the body of experimental camels with missing macrocells (calcium, phosphorus) and vitamins (tocopherol), an experiment was carried out using tricalcium phosphate and tricalcium phosphate with granuvite E. From an economic point of view, it is more appropriate to use tricalcium phosphate (17.82 rubles) than tricalcium phosphate with granuvite E (15.54 rubles). However, as confirmed by laboratory studies (hematological and biochemical parameters), from a therapeutic point of view, the use of tricalcium phosphate for one month does not completely restore calcium-phosphorus imbalance, unlike when tricalcium phosphate is used with granuvite E. The use of tricalcium phosphate and granuvite E for therapeutic purposes once a month for young camels of 120 g and 2 g, respectively, has high therapeutic efficacy in treating osteodystrophy and normalizes the calcium-phosphorus ratio.
Keywords: young camels, therapy, mineral metabolism, tricalcium phosphate
Use of “Kayod” Preparation in Cows
Authors: Luschai Yulia , Dutova Olga , Shaganova Elena , Pleshakova Irina , Mashkina Elena
Published: April 2021

The Altai territory is an agricultural region; it is a biogeochemical province deficient in iodine. We conducted a study of metabolic disorders in cows that had hypofunction of the thyroid gland. Our research is devoted to the expediency of a single use of the drug “Kayod” administered in the form of a subcutaneous implant in order to normalize the therapeutic status of animals suffering from a chronic lack of iodine in their diet. The purpose of this work is to justify not only the use of the preparation “Kayod” in animals kept in the biogeochemical provinces deficient in iodine, but also the use of tablets administered through a subcutaneous implant. We found a significant increase in the amount of hemoglobin and a decrease in the number of white blood cells in the blood of animals after the use of “Kayod”, and in the second experimental group, these indicators were slightly higher than in the first one. Indicators of the level of total protein and reserve alkalinity of blood were within the limits of physiological norms, but in the experimental groups they were slightly higher than in the control group. The level of total calcium and carotene in the blood of animals in the experimental groups, especially the second, significantly exceeded the level of the same substances in the blood of the animals in the control group. However, the level of inorganic phosphorus tended to decrease. The level of glucose in the blood of cows in the experimental group increased significantly more than in the blood of cows in the control group. This increase was particularly significant in the blood of animals in the second experimental group. When the preparation “Kayod” was used in the form of a subcutaneous implant, there were no clinical signs of hypothyroidism in the cows of the first experimental group after nine weeks. In the cows of the second experimental group, the condition of the cows returned to normal after six weeks.
Keywords: Cows, iodine, hypothyroidism, implant, “Kayod
Entomophages as a Perspective Direction of Plant Protection
Authors: Marinchenko Tatiana
Published: April 2021

Increased demand for food to feed the ever-growing population led to the development and adoption of synthetic chemicals as a quick and effective strategy of managing crop pests and diseases. Such agricultural practices have contributed to environmental pollution, which is further affecting food security, human health, and the climate. At the same time, up to 40% of crops die due to pests and plant diseases. Therefore, sustainable crop production and global food security depend on the timely implementation of the latest scientific projects in various fields of crop production including genetics, breeding, agronomy, crop physiology, crop management practices, biotechnology, and even entomology. The introduction of biological agents to protect, control and stimulate the development of agricultural crops is one of the ways of increasing the efficiency and profitability of production, reducing the environmental burden and increasing the competitiveness of producers. This is consistent with the concepts of a green economy and the sustainable development of agriculture. Since the unilateral use of chemicals does not meet today’s requirements, special attention must be paid to preventative, agrotechnical measures, as well as the use of natural factors for regulating the number of pests using parasitic and predatory insects. Domestic biotechnological developments for crop production which increase production efficiency and reduce the environmental burden are discussed.
Keywords: plant growing, entomophages, protection, efficiency, ecology, ecology
Indicators of Mineral Metabolism Depending on the Body Mass Index
Authors: Marshinskaia Olga , Kazakova Tatiana , Notova Svetlana , Gedulianov Marat
Published: April 2021

n this study, the elemental status of the hair of adolescent girls in the Orenburg region (n=120) with different levels of body mass index was studied and their average daily diet was evaluated. A nutrition assessment program was used to study the diet. Estimation of the element status was carried out through the study of the chemical composition of the hair by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. It was found that there was a general imbalance of elements in the diet of all of the studied groups, and students with obesity had lower consumption levels of all elements, except Mg and Se. Similarly, obese students had lower levels of all elements in their hair except Se, P, and Zn. Thus, changes in the level of body mass index, as well as geochemical features of the territory of the Orenburg region, affect the content of most macro- and microelements.
Keywords: metabolic syndrome, trace elements, body mass index
Influence of the Indicators of Carbohydrate Metabolism on the Elemental Status
Authors: Marshinskaia Olga , Kazakova Tatiana , Notova Svetlana , Molchanov Maksim
Published: April 2021

This study examined the elemental status of the hair and blood biochemistry of young men in the Orenburg region (n=38) with different glucose levels. Estimation of the element status was carried out through the study of the chemical composition of the hair by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. It was found that the studied serum parameters (Ca, Mg, Fe, P cholesterol, thyroxine, TSH and testosterone) were within normal values, and no statistically significant differences were obtained when comparing the groups. The concentration of chemical elements in the hair of the men in each group was in the range of physiologically acceptable values for this region. In the group with elevated glucose levels, there was a tendency for the men to have lower values of Ca and Mg, and higher levels of K, Na, P and a number of toxic elements (Al, Cd, Sn, Hg, Pb).
Keywords: elemental status, trace elements, diabetes mellitus, metabolism
Resistance of Dairy Cows During the Use of New Production Fodder
Authors: Kolesnikov Roman , Morozov Vitaly , Matserushka Anna , Talalay Galina , Kolesnokova Margarita
Published: April 2021

This paper examines the development of a fundamentally new automated hydroponic system for growing green fodder, which creates a solid fodder base capable to satisfy the need of livestock for nutrients throughout the year with low material costs. The new hydroponic green fodder produced according to the developed technology contained the required nutrients that contribute to the digestion of proteins, fats and carbohydrates into easily digestible organic components (amino acids, fatty acids and simple sugars) which are simpler in their structure. Moreover, it completely replaced compound feed, a mineral supplement in the diet of milking cows, and reduced the amount of fodder needed. In dry matter, compared to fodder barley, the content of protein (128.93%) and fat (196.73%) were higher, and biologically active substances were also formed. The new fodder used the nutrients of the diet more efficiently, increased milk production and reduced fodder costs. When hydroponic green fodder from barley was introduced into the diet of cows with 100% replacement of the compound fodder and 50% replacement of grain mass, milk yield in the experimental group exceeded the yield in the control group by 6%. An additional 549.5 kg was obtained from each cow for lactation, and 549.5 × 20 = 10990 kg was obtained from the entire experimental group. The annual income from feeding green fodder was 329710 rubles at the purchase price of milk of 30 rubles / kg (10990 × 30), and the daily efficiency of compound fodder was (80.6 × 20) = 1612 rubles; for the period of lactation it was 491660 rubles.
Keywords: technology, new fodder, productivity, milk quality, resistance
Method for Diagnostics of Carp Fish Diplostomosis During Veterinary and Sanitary Examination
Authors: Marchenko Alexander , Mironova Anna , Duletov Evgeny , Choporova Natalia , Kravchenko Alexander
Published: April 2021

Diplostomosis is an invasive disease of carp fish that can cause significant damage to the fish farm. It is widely distributed in Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine and Belarus. Sexually mature individuals parasitize the intestines of fish-eating birds of the genus Laridae. The intermediate host is freshwater fish and mollusks of the genus Lymnaea. The disease cycle is represented by several migrations of the parasite from the reservoir to the intermediate hosts, followed by ingestion. Fry and fish with a low immune status are most susceptible to this disease. When introduced into the body, trematodes can inoculate fish with various pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora inherent in the habitat, which can complicate the production of high-quality products that are safe for both humans and animals. Therefore, the implementation of our patented “Method for assessing the quality of meat of fish infected with diplostomosis” during the veterinary and sanitary examination is important. The invention involves diagnostic measures, namely, to determine the quality of fish meat, which were carried out in this study. The method consisted of a step-by-step study of the pathogen obtained by destroying the integrity of the vitreous body and sowing exudate by collecting the material with a Pasteur pipette with transfer to the MPA. These were kept in a certain temperature regime for at least 48 hours. The researchers examined the plates with the inoculations and described the morphology of the resulting colonies, with preliminary staining of the smears according to Romanovsky-Giemsa. The colonies were counted using the Goryaev camera. The method used helped to detect the parasitic disease together with the bacteriological purity of the fish, which makes it possible to issue a correct veterinary and sanitary assessment for a given invasion. The data were processed statistically; a correlation relationship between the intensity of invasion and the level of the bacteriological flora of fish products was established. The most significant was the relationship of contamination with bacteria of the E. coli group and of the genus Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus. The obtained value of the KMAFAMnM index exceeded the indicator of healthy fish.
Keywords: diplostomosis, post-diplostomosis, methods, identification, parasitology, microbiology
Physiological Characteristics of Platelet Activity in Calves of the Dairy and Plant Nutrition of the Holstein Breed
Authors: N. Medvedev Ilya , V. Vorobyev Nadezhda
Published: April 2021

The hemostatic properties of platelets to a large degree determine the activity of metabolic processes that have great biological significance especially in early ontogeny. This study was conducted on 43 calves of the Holstein breed during the phase of milk-vegetable diet. It was found during the observation period that the indicators were stable in the calves between 31 and 60 days of life, and the platelet aggregation weakened. In the blood of the calves of the Holstein breed there was a slight increase in the number of discocytes. The total number of active thrombocytes in calves observed after stability between 31-60 days of life decreased during the follow-up observation. The levels of circulating platelet aggregates of small and large sizes decreased between 60 and 90 days by 66.7% and 2.5 times, respectively. This contributed to a weakening of the calves’ platelet synthesis of thromboxane, a decrease in the content of adenosinfosfatom, and to inhibition of their secretion. During the observation period, the number of actin and myosin in the platelets of the animals also decreased, which reduced the overall platelet activity. In the second part of the phase of lacto-vegetarian nutrition, the synthesis of actin and myosin in the exposed aggregate platelets weakened in the calves. The stability of the hemostatic platelet counts of the Holstein calves at the age of 31-60 days was typical, which changed their physiologically acceptable weakening by the end of observation.
Keywords: calves, dairy plant phase, Holstein breed, platelets, aggregation, secretion
Biochemical Evaluation of Garden-Strawberry Berries When Using Foliar Top-Dressing
Authors: Mistratova Natalia , Savinich Elena , Samarokova Anna
Published: April 2021

This study examined the use of foliar treatment with solutions of macro- and microelements when growing garden strawberries of the varieties Elista, Pervoklassnitsa, Zephyr, and Solnechnaya Polyanka in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest. The agrochemical background of the soil when planting garden strawberry bushes in the open ground indicated its high fertility in terms of a set of indicators. At the same time, there was a shortage of micronutrient elements in the soil at the experimental site: Cd (0.2 mg/kg), Cu (0.5 mg/kg), Zn (1.3 mg/kg), Co (0.6 mg/kg) and Cr (0.3 mg/kg). Availability of manganese (65.4 mg/kg) and lead (2.0 mg/kg) was average. The Elista variety was distinguished in the control version of the experiment in the accumulation of copper in the berries (0.9 mg/kg). After foliar treatments with Cu 1% + 8 microelements, the highest Cu content was observed in the berries of the Solnechnaya Polyanka (1.1 mg/kg) and Pervoklassnitsa (1.0 mg/kg) varieties. The Zephyr variety had the lowest copper content in its berries: 0.4 mg/kg. The control variant of the Zephyr variety was distinguished in its iron content (4.6 m/ kg). After foliar treatments with Fe 2% + 8 micronutrient elements, the maximum amount of iron in the berries was recorded in the Solnechnaya Polyanka variety: 4.4 mg/kg. The Elista and Zephyr varieties had a rich biochemical composition without treatment with micronutrient elements. The Pervoklassnitsa and Solnechnaya Polyanka varieties were responsive to foliar feeding with micronutrient elements.
Keywords: Strawberries, non-root top-dressing, biochemical composition of berries