bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abordagem combinatória para a sequência Fibonacci, Tribonacci, Tetranacci, Pentanacci,...etc e a noção de tabuleiro
Authors: Alves Francisco Regis Vieira , Vieira Renata Passos Machado , Catarino Paula Maria Machado Cruz , Spreafico Elen Viviani Pereira
Published: July 2023

Depois dos anos 60, conseguimos registrar o incremento do vigor científico e o interesse de inúmeros pesquisadores de vários países em torno de propriedades generalizadas da Sequência de Fibonacci. No cotejo dos métodos e abordagens diferenciadas que resultam na generalização de propriedades visando o estudo desta e de outras sequências recorrentes, encontramos no cenário da abordagem combinatória um componente que preserva um viés heurístico e intuitivo. Diante deste cenário, o presente trabalho discute propriedades combinatórias relacionadas com a Sequência de Fibonacci e outras sequências, na medida em que aumentamos, na relação de recorrência, a quantidade de seus termos antecedentes. Assim, o leitor poderá constatar propriedades e teoremas relacionados com as sequências Tribonacci, Tetranacci, Pentanacci, etc., inclusive suas correspondentes representações polinomiais significadas por intermédio da noção de tabuleiro.
Um algoritmo de fatoraç˜ao dos n´umeros inteiros usando curvas el´ıpticas
Authors: Salehyan Parham
Published: July 2023

A teoria de curvas el´ıpticas envolve uma bela mistura de ´algebra, geometria, an´alise e teoria dos n´umeros. O objetivo principal deste texto ´e apresentar uma introduc¸˜ao a essa teoria numa maneira acess´ıvel aos alunos de graduac¸˜ao e aplic´a-la num dos problemas mais familiares da aritm´etica dos inteiros: a fatoraç˜ao em primos.
Uma introdução à variação de uma função
Authors: Doronin Andrei , Primo Marcos
Published: July 2023

Analisar, segundo o dicionário da língua portuguesa, é observar e refletir sobre algo. Em Matemática, “Análise” é o nome dado a uma das quatro grandes áreas. À saber, Geometria, Álgebra, Análise e Matemática Aplicada. Em particular, é possível subdividir a terceira em cinco grandes grupos. São eles a Análise Real, a Análise Complexa, a Análise Funcional, a Análise Harmônica e a Análise Numérica. Neste artigo foi abordado um tópico da Análise Real. Mais precisamente, foi introduzido o conceito de variação de uma função, o qual possui extrema importância quando se trata da Integral de Riemann-Stieltjes e da Integral de Lebesgue. Tal conceito está intimamente relacionado a séries polinomiais, partições e supremos, de modo que o leitor deve possuir tal conhecimento bem fundamentado. Após algumas definições preliminares, foram apresentadas algumas proposições e teoremas centrais no estudo de funções de variação limitada.
Judgemental Analysis of Data and Prediction Using ANN
Authors: SARISA HEMANTH N S N , PRAKASH S SURYA , Singh Avjeet , Mahajan Harshit , sharma Govind
Published: July 2023

Everyday lot of posts are created in social media and several users make comments on the post. The comments can be positive or negative or moderate. Just by watching the post one cannot estimate whether the post is positive or not. Manual analysis of each comment of the post related document using Vader analysis takes a lot of time (approximately 5 to 6 hours- depending on number of comments). Also every post comments contains lots of redundant data which should be removed to get the exact sentiment of the post. We need to analyze the sentiment of the post within fraction of seconds by eliminating the redundant data. By using Machine Learning ANN Algorithms and applying them to social media post related datasets which contains a large number of comments. Initially dataset to be imported and at first stage data pre-processing is to be performed so as to remove the useless redundant information or data. The Algorithm uses ANN Data Dictionary which contains list of positive words and negative words to classify each comment in the dataset into positive or negative or moderate category. Along with this it will also gives the information about the sentiment of the post by visualizing the total positive, negative and moderate comments. Apart from this we are calculating the positive words and negative words number in each comment and also analyzing the sentiment of the post based on the keyword analysis. Graph and charts can be generated using Chart tool available in Visual Studio.
Diversity of volcanism and evidence of discrete eruption centres in the Miocene Andes of Central Chile
Authors: Leiva Camila , Browning John , Marquardt Carlos , Clunes Matias , Villarroel Matias , Espinosa Javier , Meyer Martin , Payacán Italo , Mpodozis Constantino
Published: July 2023

The geology of the Farellones region in the Andean Cordillera of central Chile, comprise a thick sequence of volcanic and volcaniclastic Miocene rocks. The occurrence of discrete eruption centres within this sequence, whilst suggested, has been difficult to stablish, as in the modern volcanic systems of the SVZ to the southeast of the study area. Here we report, for the first time a previously uncharacterized composite (Cerro Colorado Volcano) associated to a series of intercalated lava flows and pyroclastic deposits of basaltic to rhyolitic composition of Miocene age. Eruptive sequences reach 1.7 km in vertical section, yet the lateral continuity of units is interrupted by a major faults, and gravity collapse deposits. We document a series of large pyroclastic block and ash flows, which are overlain by rhyolitic pyroclastic density currents, ash fall and crystal, lithic and vitric tuffs, all making up more than 300 m of the sequence. A further 300 m thick unit of spherulite-bearing rhyolitic lavas represent the upper most section of the Cerro Colorado volcano. During the early stages of its construction magmas and hydrothermal fluids interacted to form a maar-diatreme system (Quebrada Lunes maar-diatreme). Much of the volcanic units are intruded by E-W and NW-SE striking andesitic and rhyolitic dikes One of the dikes exhibits internal pyroclastic textures evidence of shallow conduit fragmentation. This pyroclastic dike is further evidence of magma-fluid interaction and related explosivity. Similar pyroclastic breccias described elsewhere related to porphyry copper mineralization. Our results indicate that Miocene volcanism in the Andes of Central Chile is linked to discrete eruptive centres which can be identified and characterized through careful field mapping.
IoT-enabled Personalized English Learning in Colleges using Big Data Analysis and Decision Support System
Authors: Wu Li
Published: July 2023

In recent years, the achievements of technology, particularly in the Internet of Things (IoT) and computer technology, have hastened their incorporation into education. To create novel educational opportunities for improving the effects of teaching and learning on management decision-making. On the other hand, this study represents establishing a personalized, IoT-enabled environment for learning college English that employs big data analysis and a decision support system based on a data mining algorithm. Educational analytics generates useful learning outcomes by analyzing provided data, enhancing numerous personalized learning experiences in Chinese, French, and English. The study aims to improve college and university students' English learning experiences using IoT devices, classroom data collection, and data mining techniques. Big data analysis examines the collected data, yielding insightful results that improve real-time customization of English learning experiences. The recommended platform includes an intelligent decision-support system that uses the ARTXP algorithm data mining model based on time series data from English learning resources downloaded by college students to provide each user with personalized educational instructions. The building structure includes a specific information model based on student profiles and preferred learning methods. The site's database of learning resources is available in English knowledge points. The expectation-maximization (E.M.) strategy groups users with similar learning patterns, whereas the recommendation model selects and predicts learning outcomes for adjacent users. The approach employs time series data from English language learning resources and is built on the Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) paradigm. The platform's accuracy, precision, and stability are demonstrated in testing results, emphasizing its ability to significantly boost the efficacy of college English learning.
Deep Learning-Based Localization of Preoperative Parathyroid Glands in Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Using Dual-Modality Data from Unenhanced CT and Contrast-Enhanced CT
Authors: Yang Hao , Li Fuqiang , Zhang Yao , Wen Yijing , Wang Xiaomei
Published: July 2023

Background
Accurate preoperative localization of parathyroid glands (PGs) is crucial in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT) who are scheduled for parathyroidectomy (PTx) surgery. Nonetheless, despite its importance, this remains a challenging task. The existing medical imaging techniques used for preoperative PG localization have varying levels of sensitivity and accessibility. This study aims to construct a deep-learning model based on a multimodal framework for identifying PGs drawing on a dual-modality dataset consisting of plain CT and enhanced CT, we validate the model’s sensitivity in clinical performance.
Methods
A retrospective study was conducted using a dataset of 94 CT images from 47 patients. For each patient there is a plain CT and an enhanced CT scanned image. The data were randomly partitioned into a training set (38 cases, 76 CT images) and a test sets (9 cases, 18 CT images). A U-Net model was trained on the training set then validated on the test set. In our analysis, the sensitivity of recognizing PGs with imaging information of various modalities was compared between the developed model and clinical physicians. An error analysis and an inter-modal imaging complementarity analysis were performed to provide references for subsequent model enhancement and application.
Results
The identification of parathyroid glands (PGs) using dual-modality CT has shown a diagnostic sensitivity of 94.44%. This result is significantly higher than those obtained by clinicians using ultrasound (61.11%, P = 0.0013) and CT (72.22%, P = 0.0238). Additionally, the sensitivity achieved by dual-modality CT is comparable to that of Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT (86.11%, P = 0.429). We also found that combining the predictions from this model with other imaging modalities could further improve the detection rate of PGs.
Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to use artificial intelligence techniques with CT bimodal data for preoperative localization of parathyroid glands. The findings of the study suggest that using a deep learning model with plain and enhanced CT data can improve the ability to identify parathyroid glands prior to thyroidectomy or parathyroidectomy.
Human influence on late Holocene fire history in a mixed-conifer forest, Sierra National Forest, California
Authors: Klimaszewski-Patterson Anna , Dingemans Theodore , Morgan Christopher T. , Mensing Scott A.
Published: July 2023

Understanding pre-1850s fire history and its effect on forest structure can provide insights useful for fire managers in developing plans to moderate fire hazards in the face of forecasted climate change. While climate clearly plays a substantial role in California wildfires, traditional use of fire by Indigenous people also affected fire history and forest structure in the Sierra Nevada. Disentangling the effects of human versus climatically-induced fire on Sierran forests from paleoecological records has historically proved challenging, but here we use pollen-based forest structure reconstructions and comparative paleoclimatic-vegetation response modeling to identify periods of human impact over the last 1300 years at Markwood Meadow, Sierra National Forest. We find strong evidence for anthropogenic fires at Markwood Meadow ca. 1550–1750, contemporaneous with archaeological evidence for fundamental shifts in Indigenous lifeways. When we compare our findings to five other paleoecological sites in the central and southern Sierra Nevada, we find evidence for contemporaneous anthropogenic effects on forest structure across a broad swath of cismontane central California. This is significant because it implies that late 19th and early 20th century forest structure – the structure that land managers most often seek to emulate – was in part the result anthropogenic fire and precolonial resource management. We consequently suggest that modern management strategies consider (1) further incorporating traditional ecological knowledge fire practices in consultation with local tribal groups, and (2) using pollen-based reconstructions to track how forest composition compares to pre-1850 conditions rather than the novel forest states encountered in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. These strategies could help mitigate the effects of forecast climate change and associated megafires on forests and on socio-ecological systems in a more comprehensive manner.
Deep learning-based method for reducing the number of transmitting coils in logging while drilling tool
Authors: Liu Qiwei , Kong Fanmin , Chen Xiaolong , liu yong , Li Kang
Published: July 2023

Electromagnetic wave logging while drilling (LWD) technology is an important tool for evaluation of formation oil and gas content. It generally adopts multi-transmitter-receiver coil system structure and the symmetrical coil system arrangement with equal transmitter-receiver spacing can obtain the measurement results with borehole compensation, thus reducing the influence of environmental factors on formation resistivity parameters. At present, the space of the drill collar to hold the coil system is limited and the power supply of the LWD instrument is limited. However, under the premise that the drilling quality remains unchanged, reducing the number of transmitting coils is beneficial to shorten the length of the LWD tool and reduce the power consumption. This paper focuses on reasonable inversion of logging data through deep learning technology, which is combined with Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm, modular and fast construction of deep neural network (DNN) model. Under the condition of reducing outermost transmitting coil, the measurement results with borehole compensation are realized by inversion, thereby we can shorten the instrument length to reduce drilling tool sticking risk and reduce the LWD instrument structure complexity, high power and other problems. At the same time, the accuracy of inversion is tested. The results show that the DNN method can achieve high-precision inversion, and the average error is reduced by about 50% compared with the traditional algorithm such as linear regression.
Identification of genes associated with the biosynthesis of fatty acid in safflower seeds based on genetic markers and transcriptome analysis
Authors: Fan Kangjun , Qin Yonghua , Hu Xueli , Xu Jindong , Ye Qingzhi , Zhang Chengyang , Ding Yangyang , Li Gang , Chen Yan , Liu Jiao , Wang Peiqi , Hu Zunhong , Yan Xingchu , Xiong Hairong , Liu Hong , Qin Rui
Published: July 2023

Background
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an oilseed crop with substantial medicinal and economic value. However, the methods for constructing safflower core germplasm resources are limited, and the molecular mechanisms of lipid biosynthesis in safflower seeds are not well understood.
Results
In this study, 11 oil-related quantitative traits and 50 pairs of InDel markers were used to assess the diversity of a collection of 605 safflower germplasms. The original safflower germplasm exhibited rich phenotypic diversity, with high variation for most of the phenotypic traits under investigation. Similarly, high genetic diversity was evaluated in the original germplasm, in which the mean Shannon’s information index (I), observed heterozygosity (H0), and expected heterozygosity (He) were 0.553, 0.182, and 0.374, respectively. Four subgroups with strong genetic structures were identified and a core germplasm of 214 cultivars was constructed, which is well represented in the original germplasm. Meanwhile, differential expression analysis of the transcriptomes of high and low linoleic acid safflower varieties at two stages of seed development identified a total of 47 genes associated with lipid biosynthesis. High expression of gene KAS II and SAD gene enhanced the synthesis and accumulation of oleic acid, while FAD genes like FAD2 (Chr8G0104100), FAD3, FAD7 and FAD8 promoted the consumption of oleic acid conversion. The coordinated regulation of these multiple genes ensures the high accumulation of oleic acid in safflower seed oil.
Conclusions
The above results provide a guide for further studies to elucidate the molecular basis of oil accumulation in safflower seeds, contributing to the breeding of safflower seed for oil use.
Correlation between Vitamin D Level and the Development of Idiopathic Scoliosis in Pediatric Population: Early Detection
Authors: Alghadier Mshari , Basalem Nourah , Elnaggar Ragab K , Sallam Sallam Ali , Abbas Amany Mohammed Ebrahim , Zaid Ibrahim Ismail Abu
Published: July 2023

Background
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common spinal deformity with unclear etiology. Vitamin D deficiency may contribute to the etiology of AIS through its impacts on bone metabolism. The aim of this study is to examine the correlation between vitamin D level and the development of idiopathic scoliosis in pediatric patient.
Methods
This study involved 130 patients diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis aged 7 to 18 years at a physiotherapy and rehabilitation center, Qena, Egypt, between May 2021 and October 2022. Patients’ clinical and demographic data were extracted from the medical record including age, gender, height, weight, serum vitamin D level, and Cobb angle. Scoliosis was identified when Cobb angle equal to and greater than 10 degrees.
Results
Patients’ mean age was 13.1 ± 2.75 years, mean level of vitamin D in the sample was 10.3 ng/ml ± 4.76, mean weight of 47.4 kg ± 9.63. In the patient group, the mean value of the Cobb angle was 16.8 degrees 5.79 with a 95% CI between 15.8 and 17.8. Vitamin D level was positively correlated with age (p < 0.001, r = 0.45), Cobb angle (p = 0.18, r = 0.11), and weight (p < .001, r = 0.51),
Conclusion
In conclusion, we found that vitamin D deficiency may contribute to the pathogenesis of AIS by affecting the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus in human bone. As a result, we recommended testing vitamin D levels in those with AIS. there is a positive correlation between vitamin D levels and Cobb's angle. Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency should be examined in patients having AIS.
A digital footprint in enhancing agricultural practices with improved production using machine learning
Authors: C Pabitha , S Benila , A Suresh
Published: July 2023

Agriculture shows an important role in the enlargement of an economy. The proposed system explores how utilizing digital footprints might help improve agricultural practices and production. Agricultural data is increasingly available in digital form because of the development of modern technology and the spread of connected devices. These data can be utilized to produce digital footprints that document the whole lifecycle of agricultural production, from planting to harvesting. Farmers may then decide when to sow, water, fertilize, and harvest their crops by using machine learning algorithms trained on these digital footprints to spot patterns and forecast results. The study examines various machine learning methods that can be used to examine digital footprints and shows the advantages of doing so, including higher yields, better resource management, and lower costs. The timing of crop planting, fertilization, and harvest has long been determined by the agriculture sector using conventional techniques and experience. However, with the expansion of agricultural data available, there is now a chance to use machine learning algorithms to recognize trends and forecast outcomes based on this data. This study explores the potential of machine learning methods, particularly Random Forest optimization, to improve agricultural practices and boost output. The study uses Random Forest optimization, a potent machine learning method that can examine massive datasets, to forecast crop yield based on many variables like weather patterns, soil quality, and fertilizer application. The study's findings show how well the Random Forest optimization technique predicts crop productivity with an accuracy of 99.97%. By giving farmers useful information about forecasting crop yields, they may increase their overall productivity by using their resources wisely. The report also emphasizes the necessity of additional study and funding for the creation of machine learning algorithms that are specifically customized to the peculiarities of the agricultural sector, as well as the significance of data quality and privacy in the collecting and analysis of agricultural data. A combination of hardware and software tools, including data collection sensors, data processing equipment, graphics processing units (GPUs), cloud computing services, and mobile applications, will be needed for the hardware implementation of increasing agricultural practices in production using machine learning with Random Forest optimization techniques.
Ezetimibe suppresses the migration and invasion of triple-negative breast cancer cells by targeting TGFβ2 and EMT
Authors: He Qinyu , Ma Ding , Kong konglingkai , Shi Weiwei , Jiang Chunping , Wu Junhua , Xin Qilei
Published: July 2023

In recent years, the important role of cholesterol in tumor metastasis has been revealed. Ezetimibe is the only selective cholesterol uptake inhibitor currently on the market. Here, we aimed to explore the effect of ezetimibe on breast cancer metastasis. The effects of ezetimibe on breast cancer cell migration, invasion, and EMT were examined by wound healing assay, invasion assay, and western blotting assay. After ezetimibe treatment of breast cancer cells, differentially expressed genes were investigated by transcriptome sequencing and validated by western blotting assay and qRT-PCR. Breast cancer cells overexpressing TGFβ2 were constructed, and the effect of TGFβ2 on the migration and invasion of ezetimibe-treated breast cancer cells was examined by wound healing and invasion assays. The study showed that ezetimibe inhibited the migration, invasion, and EMT of breast cancer cells and significantly suppressed the expression of TGFβ2 in breast cancer cells. Enhanced TGFβ2 expression reversed the inhibitory effect of ezetimibe on the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. This study demonstrates that ezetimibe is a potential drug for the treatment of breast cancer metastasis.
The cultural safety of reports of research on primary healthcare use by Indigenous Peoples: a systematic review
Authors: Hiyare Amandi , Sinka Victoria , Grande Eleonora Dal , Kerr Marianne , Kim Siah , Mallitt Kylie-Ann , Dickson Michelle , Jauré Allison , Wilson Rhonda , Craig Jonathan C , Stephens Jacqueline H
Published: July 2023

Introduction
The use of primary healthcare is associated with better chronic disease outcomes for Indigenous Peoples. Community-driven and owned health research data in understanding PHC use enablers provide opportunities to enhance PHC use within communities. Therefore, may reduce chronic disease burden.
Methods
Medline, CINAHL and Embase were all systematically searched from 1st January 2002 to 4th April 2023. Papers were included if they were original studies, published in English and included data (quantitative, qualitative and/or mixed methods) on primary healthcare use for chronic disease (chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease and/or diabetes mellitus) by Indigenous Peoples from Western colonial countries. Study screening and data extraction were undertaken independently by two authors, at least one of whom was Indigenous. The baseline characteristics of the papers were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Aspects of cultural safety of the research papers were assessed using two quality appraisal tools: the CONSIDER tool and the CREATE tool (subset analysis). This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) tool.
Results
We identified 35 papers from Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States. Most papers were quantitative (n = 21) and included data on 42438 people. Cultural safety across the included papers varied significantly with gaps in adequate reporting of research partnerships, provision of clear collective consent from participants and Indigenous research governance throughout the research process, particularly in dissemination. The majority of the papers (94%, 33/35) stated that research aims emerged from communities or empirical evidence. We also found that 71.4% (25/35) papers also reported of using strengths-based approaches by considering the impacts of colonization on reduced primary healthcare access.
Conclusion
Research on Indigenous PHC use must be changed to privilege Indigenous voices throughout the research process including dissemination, provide further engagement opportunities for the community and include sufficient detail on partnership agreements between Indigenous and non-Indigenous researchers.
Dual pH- and Temperature-Responsive Poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-Coated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as a Smart Drug Delivery System
Authors: Ramezanian Sina , Moghaddas Jafarsadegh , Roghani-Mamaqani Hossein , Rezamand Azim
Published: July 2023

Smart drug delivery systems (DDSs) are challenging topics these days. DDSs can increase the drug's half-life, protect drugs from filtration, and reduce the drug's side effects. Mesoporous silica is an inorganic material widely used as a drug carrier because of its high surface-to-volume ratio, surface modification ability, production of nanoparticles in different dimensions, shapes, and structures, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity. A robust smart drug delivery system was prepared by grafting poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) onto mesoporous silica nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were modified with initiator moieties of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Then, PDMAEMA chains were grafted onto the nanoparticles as a pH- and temperature-sensitive shell with two different lengths using in situ ATRP. The high molecular weight PDMAEMA was highly efficient in controlled release of drug molecules, had lower leakage at pH 7.4, and avoided drug release in normal cells. The drug molecules were released by protonation of the polymer shell at acidic pH (pH 5). Upper critical solution temperature of 41 °C resulted in easily solvation of the shell polymers in an aqueous blood environment and prevented from their accumulation in body tissues. Consequently, this system has lower toxicity than the polymeric drug delivery systems with a lower critical solution temperature behaviour. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the successful synthesis of the mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy analysis and nitrogen adsorption/desorption analysis showed that the nanoparticles have a fine network, mesoporous structure, and a mean size of around 17 nm that show their excellent capacity for loading drugs. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed that all the modification steps and polymerization were successfully implemented. Thermogravimetric analysis showed PDMAEMA chains with two different lengths grafted onto the nanoparticles. The hybrid nanoparticles with high and low molecular weight PDMAEMA shells showed weight loss of about 36 and 27%, respectively, till 800 °C. Transmission electron microscopy analysis also showed grafted polymer chains on the hybrid nanoparticles. Doxorubicin and methotrexate as the model cancer drugs were used to investigate their loading and release profile at different pH and temperatures. The release profile showed that the hybrid nanoparticles with a high molecular weight PDMAEMA shell prevented from the drug release at neutral pH and temperature successfully. A HeLa cell line was utilized for the in vitro analysis. According to MTT assay results these nanocarriers were killed less than 10% of cells in blank samples. IC50 was used for DOX and MTX that 50% cells were killed by treatment. MTT assay results proved that this carrier might afford great potential for the cancer drug delivery systems.
Evaluating effective measles vaccine coverage in the Malaysian population accounting for between-dose correlation and vaccine efficacy
Authors: Kumar Shurendar Selva , Hartner Anna-Maria , Chandran Arunah , Gaythorpe Katy A M , Li Xiang
Published: July 2023

Background
Malaysia introduced the double dose measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine in 2004 as part of its measles elimination strategy. However, despite high historical coverage of first- and second-dose measles-containing vaccine, Malaysia continues to report high measles incidence. This study suggests a novel indicator for investigating population immunity against measles in the Malaysian population.
Methods
We define effective vaccine coverage (EVC) of measles as the proportion of a population vaccinated with measles-containing vaccine (MCV) and effectively protected against measles infection. A quantitative evaluation of EVC throughout the life course of Malaysian birth cohorts was conducted accounting for both vaccine efficacy (VE) and between-dose correlation (BdC). Measles vaccination coverage was sourced from WHO-UNICEF estimates of Malaysia’s routine immunisation coverage and supplementary immunisation activities (SIAs). United Nations World population estimates and projections (UNWPP) provided birth cohort sizes stratified by age and year. A stepwise joint Bernoulli distribution was used to proportionate the Malaysian population born between 1982, the first year of Malaysia’s measles vaccination programme, and 2021, into individuals who received zero dose, one dose and multiple doses of measles-containing vaccine. Vaccine efficacy estimates by age and doses received are then adopted to derive effective vaccine coverage. A sensitivity analysis was conducted using 1000 random combinations of between-dose correlation and vaccine efficacy parameters.
Results
This study suggests that no birth cohort in the Malaysian population has achieved > 95% population immunity (EVC) conferred through measles vaccination since the measles immunisation programme began in Malaysia.
Conclusion
The persistence of measles in Malaysia is due to pockets of insufficient vaccination coverage against measles in the population.Monitoring between-dose correlation through immunisation surveillance systems may allow for the identification of susceptible subpopulations (primarily zero-dose MCV individuals) and increase the coverage of individuals who are vaccinated with multiple doses of MCV. This study provides a tool for assessment of national-level population immunity of measles conferred through vaccination and does not consider subnational heterogeneity or vaccine waning. This tool can be readily applied to other regions and vaccine-preventable diseases.
Anabolic myokine responses and muscular performance following eight weeks of auto-regulated compared to linear resistance exercise in recreationally active males
Authors: Ghobadi Hamid , Hosseini Seyyed Reza Attarzadeh , Rashidlamir Amir , Rahimi Gholam Rasul Mohammad
Published: July 2023

Background
To date, no studies have compared the efficacy of auto-regulated periodized and linear resistance exercises on anabolic myokines and muscular performance among recreationally active individuals. This study aimed to compare the effects of an 8-week auto-regulated periodized resistance exercise(APRE) program with a linear resistance exercise(LRE) program on insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1), follistatin(FST), myostatin(MST), body composition, muscular strength, and power in recreationally active males.
Methods
Thirty males were randomly assigned to either the APRE group(n = 15) or the LRE group(n = 15). Participants completed training three times a week for eight weeks. The outcome measures included serum IGF-1, FST, MST, muscular strength(isometric knee extension, handgrip), power(vertical jump), lean body mass, and fat mass.
Results
IGF-1 circulating levels increased over time following APRE(34%), with no significant change following LRE(~-1%). There were no significant differences over time or between groups for FST or MST. Muscular strength(knee extension [21.5% vs. ~16%] and handgrip [right: 31% vs. 25%; left: 31.7% vs. 28.8%]) and power(~ 33% vs. ~26%) significantly increased to a greater extent following APRE compared to LRE. Interestingly, results revealed that lean body mass increased over time only after APRE(~ 3%), but not LRE.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that APRE may be more effective than LRE in increasing muscular strength, power, and lean body mass, as well as circulating IGF-1 levels, in recreationally active males. The observed differences may be attributed to the increased training volume associated with APRE. However, further research is needed to directly assess muscle protein synthesis.
Research on the Application and Innovation of Big Data in Agricultural Development
Authors: Zhao Qingjun
Published: July 2023

China is a large agricultural country. In the past, it mainly relied on the input of a large amount of labor for farming, and it is easy to be affected by the external environment. The advent of big data era will change the traditional mode of agricultural development, avoid the adverse factors of agricultural development and improve the operating efficiency. At present, the infrastructure of agricultural informatization, the construction of agricultural big data center and analysis platform, the opening and sharing of agricultural big data are not perfect, and the understanding of agricultural big data is not enough. To innovate the application of big data to change the agricultural development mode, it should take advantage of the new technology brought by big data, try to develop automated agriculture mode, precision agriculture mode and information mode, so as to promote agricultural industrialization and improve production benefit.
The absolute number of high-grade dysplasia (HGD) is substantially higher from micro-polyps compared to that from larger size polyps, a retrospective pooled study
Authors: Zhang Jiancheng , Sun Huajun , Xiong Fei , Lei Shan , Zhou Guanyu , Xiao Xun , Liu Lin , Wang Pu
Published: July 2023

Importance:The risk that a large polyp (≥10mm) develops into high-grade dysplasia (HGD) is relatively high compared to that of a micro polyp (<10mm). Recently, the detection of micro polyps has been substantially improved with the advancement of endoscopy. However, the incidence of HGD caused by the combined number of micro polyps in the progression of HGD remains to be clarified.Objective:In this study, we aim to investigate whether and how the micro and diminutive polyps correlate with the incidents of HGD in population.Evidence Review:The pooled data were deeply analyzed from four published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding colon polyp detection. HGD was confirmed through histopathology. The primary outcome was the correlation between the size of detected polyps with the confirmed HGD incident rate.Findings:Among a total of 3,179 patients with 2,730 polyps identified, there were 83 HGD polyps confirmed, and 68 patients had at least one polyp with HGD. The risk of development of HGD was lower for a single micro-polyp compared to that for one large polyp (2.18% vs 22.22%, p<0.0001). On the contrary, the constitutional ratio for HGD from micro polyps was significantly higher than that from the large ones (68.67% vs 31.33%, p<0.0001). Furthermore, the total number of micro polyps per patient was positively correlated to the total number of HGD (p<0.0001). The combined number of HGD presented a trend to be negatively correlated to its size.Conclusions:Our data demonstrated that the absolute number of HGD significantly derives more from micro polyps than that from the large ones, and the collective number of micro polyps per patient is indicative of his/her HGD exposure. These findings positively provide novel perspectives on the management of polyps, and further may optimize the prevention of colorectal cancer.
Coordination between respiration and swallowing in patients with dysphagia after cervical spinal cord injury: an observational case-control study
Authors: Xu Xuluan , Li Jianjun , Zhang Qingsu , Yang Degang , Gao Feng , Xie Yongqi , Zhang Yu , Yuan Yongxue
Published: July 2023

Background
Patients with cervical spinal cord injury are commonly associated with respiratory impairment, but swallowing dysfunction is usually overlooked. Respiratory system and swallowing function are highly coordinated during feeding, play a vital role in airway protection and reduce the risk of aspiration. However, the pathophysiological changes underlying dysphagia and its development remain largely unknown. The purpose of the present study was to observe the changes between respiration and swallowing in patients with cervical spinal cord injury with dysphagia and to explore the underlying mechanism.
Methods
Ninety participants were recruited for Bedside Swallowing Evaluation and surface electromyography with thermocouple nasal airflow sensor examination: 60 with spinal cord injury (30 with dysphagia and 30 without dysphagia) and 30 healthy controls.
Results
Compared with the healthy controls and patients without dysphagia, the post-swallow respiratory pattern was an inspiratory pattern, and the duration of swallowing apnea duration was significantly lower in patients with dysphagia(P < 0.05). The index of swallowing apnea duration was statistically significant for predicting the development of dysphagia in patients with cervical spinal cord injury (P < 0.05). The expiratory time in patients with dysphagia was significantly shorter than the inspiratory time, and the swallowing efficiency was reduced, requiring multiple swallows.
Conclusion
Incoordination between respiration and swallowing may be the cause of dysphagia in patients with cervical spinal cord injury. Swallowing apnea duration can be used as a predictor of dysphagia in patients.
Antihypertensive drug targets and breast cancer risk: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zheng Guoqiao , Chattopadhyay Subhayan , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina , Ji Jianguang
Published: July 2023

Background: Findings on the correlation between the use of antihypertensive medication and the risk of breast cancer (BC) have been inconsistent. We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) using instrumental variables to proxy changes in gene expressions of antihypertensive medication targets to interrogate this.
Methods: Genetic instruments for expression of antihypertensive drug target genes were identified with expression quantitative trait loci in blood, which should be associated with systolic blood pressure to proxy for the effect of antihypertensive drug. The association between genetic variants and BC risk were obtained from genome-wide association study summary statistics. The summary-based MR was employed to estimate the drug effects on BC risk. We further performed sensitivity analyses to confirm the discovered MR associations such as assessment of horizontal pleiotropy, colocalization, and multiple tissue enrichment analyses.
Results: The overall BC risk was only associated with SLC12A2 gene expression at a Bonferroni-corrected threshold. One standard deviation (SD) decrease of SLC12A2gene expression in blood was associated with a decrease of 1.12 (95%CI, 0.80-1.58) mmHg of systolic blood pressure, but a 16% increased BC risk (odds ratio, 1.16, 95% confidential interval, 1.06-1.28). This signal was further observed for estrogen receptor positive (ER+) BC (1.17, 1.06-1.28). In addition, one SD decrease in expression of PDE1B in blood was associated with 7% decreased risk of ER+ BC (0.93, 0.90-0.97). We detected no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy for these associations and the probability of the causal variants being shared between the gene expression and BC risk was 81.5%, 40.5% and 66.8%, respectively. No significant association was observed between other targeted genes and BC risk.
Conclusion: Changes in expression of SLC12A2 and PDE1Bmediated possibly via antihypertensive drugs may result in increased and decreased BC risk, respectively.
Extended analysis of benchmarks for gas phase appearance in low-permeable rocks
Authors: Grunwald Norbert , Nagel Thomas , Pitz Michael , Kolditz Olaf
Published: July 2023

This manuscript presents a comprehensive study on the numerical simulation of gas transport in clay rock, with a specific focus on the transition of the transport regime from single-phase to two-phase conditions.Our code demonstrates the capability to cover this transition seamlessly, without relying on common approaches such as the use of persistent primary variables or the switching of primary variables.
To validate our approach, two benchmark tests were conducted.The first benchmark replicates a well-known scenario in the field of radioactive waste disposal, where gas injection induces a transition from single-phase to two-phase flow.The second benchmark simulates a core drilling experiment, where the mechanical unloading of a fully saturated domain results in the appearance of a gas phase.
In addition to analyzing primary quantities, a comprehensive set of secondary variables was introduced to gain deeper insights into the model's operation and enhance understanding of the underlying processes.By plotting these secondary variables alongside the primary quantities, a comprehensive understanding of the system's behavior during the transition of flow regimes was obtained.
The primary objective of this work is to improve our understanding and confidence in the model used for simulating large repository systems.By successfully capturing the transition from single-phase to two-phase gas transport, our study provides valuable insights into the behavior of gas in clay rock.This enhanced understanding lays the groundwork for utilizing the model effectively in large-scale repository simulations, contributing to the advancement of the field of gas transport in clay rock.
Ionic liquid-modified TiO 2 nanoparticle-filled polyurethane as a new electro-responsive elastomer with controlled modulus and actuation strain by an electric field
Authors: Zhao Zhenjie , Chen Zhenke , Zhang Meiyu , Liang Yongri , Liu Ying Dan , Choi Hyoung Jin
Published: July 2023

A new type of electro-responsive elastomer was prepared using polyurethane (PU) as the matrix and ionic liquid (IL)-modified TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2-IL) as the active dispersed phase. The nanoparticles with different surface chemical structures (TiO2-IL: modified by IL only; TiO2-IL-AA: dual-modified by IL and acetic acid) were added in the second chain extension process and fixed by the solidified PU chains. The structures of the elastomers were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to confirm the interaction between the nanoparticles and the soft and hard segments of PU. Rheological analysis was conducted under a controlled electric field, indicating that the PU-based elastomers showed electric field-improved modulus and the elastomer containing 20 wt% TiO2-IL nanoparticles exhibited the highest electrorheological (ER) efficiency of 247% at 3.0 kV/mm. Comparing the ER effects of the two types of nanoparticles, it was found that the TiO2-IL nanoparticles induced a stronger interfacial polarization effect and resulted in a higher ER effect than the TiO2-IL-AA nanoparticles. In addition, the PU-based elastomers containing TiO2-IL nanoparticles presented a significant electrostriction effect. The highest deformation in the thickness up to 14% occurs in the TiO2-IL-20wt% elastomer; however, the elastomers containing TiO2-IL-AA nanoparticles showed negligible actuation thickness strain, this might be related to the loose nature of TiO2-IL-AA nanoparticles. This research indicated that both electric filed-controlled modulus/rigidity and electric field-actuated deformation can be obtained in one system: the PU-based elastomer containing TiO2-IL nanoparticles, indicating its great potential in dual or multi-functional actuators.
Leptin in Relation to Degenerative orthopaedic diseases: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Jin Zikai , Liu Ping , Qi Baoyu , Sun Chuanrui , Liu Ning , Feng Tianxiao , Yin Yuhui , Wang Xiaoyang , Xiao Xiangyu , Zhang Yili , Wei Xu
Published: July 2023

Background: We conducted a mendelian randomization study to assess the relationship between serum leptin levels and three degenerative orthopaedic diseases.
Methods: From genome-wide association studies of European ancestry, we selected instrumental variables for leptin(p<5×10–6). Meanwhile, we retrieved the summary statistics of three degenerative orthopaedic diseases as outcomes. We performed IVW, Weighted median and MR-Egger method analysis. To avoid heterogeneity and pleiotropy,we also performed sensitivity analysis.
Results: Overall, the results showed a causal relationship between leptin and the development of osteoporosis.We found a causal relationship between serum leptin levels and the development of osteoporosis mainly based on the results of the inverse variance weighting method(p=0.028).Contrarily, leptin was not found to be causally related to the occurrence of knee osteoarthritis(p=0.531), lumbar disc herniation(p=0.931).Sensitivity analyses suggested the robustness of MR results, which were less likely to be biased by unbalanced pleiotropy orevident heterogeneity.
Conclusion: We found a causal relationship between leptin and osteoporosis. However, there was no such relationship with knee osteoarthritis and lumbar disc herniation. Keywords：degenerative orthopaedic diseases, leptin, mendelian randomization, genome-wide association study, cause-and-effect relationship
WITHDRAWN: Alpha Defensin-1 Level Correlates with Peri-Prosthetic Infection Severity following Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Sobti Nikhil , Vishwanath Neel , Stead Thor , Rao Vinay , Soliman Luke , Breuing Karl , Kwan Daniel , Liu Paul , Schmidt Scott
Published: July 2023

Diagnosis of peri-prosthetic infections following breast reconstructions is imperative. Alpha defensin-1 (AD-1) is an antimicrobial peptide that targets metabolically active microbes during on-going infection. We evaluate the relationship between quantitative AD-1 levels and infection severity in patients with suspected peri-prosthetic infection. Retrospective review was conducted of patients with breast implant reconstruction undergoing surgery for either suspected infection or prosthesis exchange/revision. AD-1 level in peri-prosthetic fluid was sent for quantitative analysis. Association between AD-1 levels with outcomes, management, and overall infection severity was evaluated. Thirty-eight breasts were included. Infected breasts had higher AD-1 levels (3.91 vs 0.14, p < 0.01), greater odds of erythema (OR 2.98, [1.53–5.82], p = 0.01), purulence (OR 2.84, [1.51–5.35], p = 0.01), fever (OR 1.84, [1.15–2.93], p = 0.01), threatened implant exposure (OR 2.97, [1.48–5.95], p < 0.01), and true implant exposure (OR 1.79, [1.04–3.08], p = 0.04). Increasing AD-1 was an independent risk factor for washout (p < 0.01), and explant (p < 0.01). AD-1 correlated with WBC count (β = 1.81 cells/microliter, p < 0.01), and serum lactate (β = 0.19 meq/liter, p < 0.04). Increasing AD-1 level was an independent predictor of infection severity (χ²=22.77, p < 0.01). AD-1 levels correlate with infection severity, highlighting potential when clinical exam is ambiguous, and when treatment response is being monitored. This may demonstrate utility in novel implant salvage algorithms following reconstruction.