bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Prospects of the New Soviet Successor States
Authors: Aves Jonathan
Published: January 2019

The formation of fifteen nation states on the territory of the former Soviet Union poses a series of challenges to specialists in Soviet nationalities. They are asked to pronounce on the degree of stability which the new states will enjoy and assess the dangers (mainly military) and the opportunities (mainly economic) that have arisen. The background of preconceptions about nationalism on which such judgements are based is usually characterized by an ambivalence, stemming from a feeling that the dissolution of the Soviet empire into nation states was somehow natural and inevitable, and also by the condescension of mature and powerful states which believe they have outgrown nationalism and the possibly dangerous antics of their younger brothers. Consequently, analysis of the post-Soviet scene produces tentative or confused results. This article attempts to apply a common framework of analysis across all the republics of the former Soviet Union to identify some of the broad but discrete trends which the future development of these states might take. The reader will quite reasonably question whether it makes sense to compare Estonia with Tajikistan or Russia with Moldavia. In reply, it could be argued that political scientists have been presented with an unprecedented opportunity to compare states with very different historical and cultural traditions but which, by virtue of their having been part of the Soviet Union, share remarkably similar political and social structures.
CANTORIAN SET THEORY
Authors: OLIVER ALEX , SMILEY TIMOTHY
Published: January 2019

Almost all set theorists pay at least lip service to Cantor’s definition of a set as a collection of many things into one whole; but empty and singleton sets do not fit with it. Adapting Dana Scott’s axiomatization of the cumulative theory of types, we present a ‘Cantorian’ system which excludes these anomalous sets. We investigate the consequences of their omission, examining their claim to a place on grounds of convenience, and asking whether their absence is an obstacle to the theory’s ability to represent ordered pairs or to support the arithmetization of analysis or the development of the theory of cardinals and ordinals.
Office of the Prosecutor: Policy Paper on Case Selection and Prioritisation (Int'l Crim. Ct.)
Authors: Ambos Kai
Published: January 2019

Given the high number of international crimes, it is practically impossible to prosecute all potential perpetrators at the international level. Impunity gaps at the national level aggravate this situation since they practically turn the International Criminal Court (ICC) into the lone or at least most visible enforcer of international criminal law (ICL). Thus, the Court suffers from a situation and case overload that manifests itself at the level of preliminary examinations conducted by its Office of the Prosecutor (OTP) which, in turn, suffers from “overall basic size and capacity constraints.” This situation leaves the Court/the OTP no other choice than to deliver mere distributive (instead of retributive) criminal justice, where the main challenge is not so much the fair or just delivery of sanctions to individual defendants, but the fair distribution of justice to a selected number of suspects/perpetrators. Against this background the rational and transparent selection and prioritization of situations and cases turns out to be of utmost importance for the success and legitimacy of the Court.
14C High Concentration Measurements with Relevance for Decommissioning of Nuclear Reactors
Authors: Enachescu M , Stan-Sion C
Published: January 2019

Decommissioning of nuclear reactors requires determination of all remnant long-lived isotopes that were produced during their long functioning time of the respective facilities. Radiocarbon (14C) is such an isotope (T1/2 = 5730 yr), widely produced by neutron reactions in a thermal column of a nuclear reactor. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) uses 14C for precise dating of up to 50,000 years old archaeological artifacts. This study presents a premier AMS measurement of high concentrated 14C samples that are strictly forbidden in laboratories dedicated to perform 14C dating. The determined 14C activities range from the natural level (isotopic ratio 14C/12C = 1.2 × 10–12) up to values of 10,000 times higher. 14C bulk and depth profile concentrations were measured in the thermal column disks of a decommissioned nuclear reactor. Results have shown that the 14C concentration in the thermal column, close the reactor core is about 75 kBq/g and decreases to 0.7 Bq/g and the end of the column. Such AMS measurements are applicable for decommissioning and waste management of nuclear reactors.
From the Soviet Union
Authors: Rywkin Michael
Published: January 2019

Until Gorbachev's glasnost', Soviet treatment of nationalities problems within the USSR ranged from carefully worded ethnographic studies to utterly dishonest articles in the political press. Much of this has changed, and we are now able to read some revealing works in the pages of avant-garde Soviet publications. Among the latter, Vikukaar (Tallin) and its Russian Raduga edition (which is not the exact twin of its Estonian counterpart), are remarkable by their frankness.
Uradyn Bulag, The Mongols at China's Edge: History and the Politics of National Unity.
Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2002, 273 pp.
Authors: Wang Xin
Published: January 2019

With the rise of ethnonationalism, scholars have generated intense debates over civic nationalism versus ethnic nationalism. The Mongols at China's Edge represents another effort added to endorse ethnic nationalism with its application to the Chinese context. The author aims to “explore from diverse angles the moral and political implications and contradictions of minzu tuanjie (national unity) in the socialist China” (p. 1). A legitimate question raised by the author in the introduction is whether the regional autonomy granted to national minorities in China encourages a sense of separate nationhood for Mongols or contributes to the assimilation of Mongols into China.
Bo Petersson, National Self-Images and Regional Identities in Russia.
Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2001, x, 220 pp. + interviewee profiles, appendix.
Authors: Alexander James
Published: January 2019

In the period after Gorbachev's rise to power and later after the Soviet Union's collapse, the measurement and presentation of Russia's political culture and national identity were the province of practitioners of the mass survey. Over the past several years, however, a number of excellent qualitative studies involving extended field work and open-ended questions have added significant depth of understanding generally missing from these mass survey findings. Bo Petersson's National Self-Images and Regional Identities in Russia is an excellent example of this relatively new wave of qualitative studies.
National Self-Denial and Marxist Ideology: The Origin of the Communist Movement in Poland and the Jewish Question: 1918-1923*
Authors: Brun-Zejmis Julia
Published: January 2019

At the formation of the second Polish republic in 1918 the Communist Workers Party of Poland (KPRP) displayed total disregard for the Polish national feelings. Polish communists actively opposed the creation of the new Polish state which they thought would impede the march of revolution from Russia to the West. They saw Polish national liberation as an expression of a bourgeois ideology hostile to the interests of the Polish workers. True national liberation, they maintained, could only be achieved by the way of the international proletarian revolution.
Soviet Polonia, the Polish State, and the New Mythology of National Origins, 1943-1945
Authors: Skurnowicz Joan S.
Published: January 2019

In a time of international crisis, a small group of Polish Communist intellectuals on Soviet territory, with approval from the Stalinist government, harnessed the national myths of a people faced with total destruction in the name of fascist Aryan supremacy. These intellectuals, ethnic Poles and Polish Jews, rejected, revitalized, or revolutionized old national myths and created a new mythology. They coordinated their efforts closely with the anti-Hitlerite National Front Strategy adopted by the Comintern following the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June, 1941. They sincerely, albeit naïvely, believed that their creation manifestly assured the Poles of their national identity. They also believed that the new mythology promised not only the survival of an honorable people but also the rebirth of their state in a brighter future in solidarity with fellow Slavs, and ultimately with the Stalinist Soviet state which they admired.
Gomulka's ‘Rightist-Nationalist Deviation,’ The Postwar Jewish Communists, and the Stalinist Reaction in Poland, 1945-1950
Authors: Taras Raymond
Published: January 2019

The first years of Communist rule in Poland profoundly shaped the 45 year political experience of the country until the 1989 democratic breakthrough. These formative years encompassed such historic developments as postwar reconstruction and central economic planning, the emergence of new and the disappearance of old political parties, the heretical notion of a Polish road to socialism but also the advent of high Stalinism. Even with the redrawing of Poland's postwar boundaries and with increasing Communist hegemony over political life, the period between 1945 and 1948 was characterized by considerably more political and ethnic heterogeneity than the decades that followed. A significant and, ultimately, controversial role in the shaping of postwar Poland - in its rebuilding, in its economic program, political configuration, national security organization, and in its minorities policies - was played by Jewish Communists.
The Last True Communists
Authors: Schatz Jaff
Published: January 2019

The 1960's formed the last stretch of the path that was to end in the existential defeat of a generation of Polish-Jewish communists. The 1960's were preceded by the shared experience of turmoil of the thaw, the so-called Polish October, which gained its peak in October 1956. For most members of the generation, the thaw meant a painful awakening from the trance of holy madness, shocking realizations, new hopes - and subsequent frustrations.
Meaning and Purpose (MaP) therapy II: Feasibility and acceptability from a pilot study in advanced cancer
Authors: Kissane David W. , Lethborg Carrie , Brooker Joanne , Hempton Courtney , Burney Sue , Michael Natasha , Staples Margaret , Osicka Tanya , Sulistio Merlina , Shapiro Jeremy , Hiscock Hilary
Published: January 2019

Objective

Meaning and Purpose (MaP) therapy aims to enhance meaning-based coping through a life review that focuses on the value and worth of the person, key relationships, sources of fulfillment, roles, and future priorities in living life out fully. We sought to test the feasibility and acceptability of a six-session model of MaP therapy against a wait-list control cohort in a pilot study seeking effect sizes on measures of adaptation.

Method

We randomized patients with advanced cancer to MaP therapy or wait-list control, with measures administered at baseline and after 6–8 weeks. Wait-list patients could then crossover to receive therapy, with further measures collected postintervention. Adherence to the manualized model was sustained through weekly supervision and fidelity coding of recorded sessions. We used generalized estimating equations to control for baseline and any correlation of data.

Result

From 134 eligible participants, 57 (43%) consented, and 40 of 45 (89%) offered therapy completed 6 sessions. Key barriers to consenting patients were poor health (15 refusers and 4 withdrawals) and death intervened in 6 participants. MaP therapy generated adequate effect sizes in posttraumatic growth (new possibilities, appreciation of life, and personal strength) and life attitudes (choices and goal seeking) to permit calculation of power for a formal randomized, controlled trial.

Significance of results

Delivery of this model of existentially oriented therapy is feasible and acceptable to patients. A properly powered randomized controlled trial is justified to examine the efficacy of this intervention.
Hydrothermal Heat Enhances Abyssal Mixing in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current
Authors: Downes Stephanie M. , Sloyan Bernadette M. , Rintoul Stephen R. , Lupton John E.
Published: January 2019

Upwelling in the world's strongest current, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, is thought to be driven by wind stress, surface buoyancy flux, and mixing generated from the interaction between bottom currents and rough topography. However, the impact of localized injection of heat by hydrothermal vents where the Antarctic Circumpolar Current interacts with mid‐ocean ridges remains poorly understood. Here a circumpolar compilation of helium and physical measurements are used to show that while geothermal heat is transferred to the ocean over a broad area by conduction, heat transfer by convection dominates near hydrothermal vents. Buoyant hydrothermal plumes decrease stratification above the vent source and increase stratification to the south, altering the local vertical diffusivity and diapycnal upwelling within 500 m of the sea floor by an order of magnitude. Both the helium tracer and stratification signals induced by hydrothermal input are advected by the flow and influence properties downstream.
The Relative Importance of Geoeffective Length Versus Alfvén Wing Formation in the Saturation of the Ionospheric Reverse Convection Potential
Authors: Wilder F. D. , Lopez R. E. , Eriksson S. , Pham K. , Lin D.
Published: January 2019

We compare the relative importance of two competing mechanisms (Alfvén wingvs.magnetosheath force balance) in determining the saturation of the reverse convection potential under northward interplanetary magnetic field. We run the Lyon‐Fedder‐Mobarry magnetohydrodynamic model under strong northward interplanetary magnetic field (20 nT) twice: once with a solar wind number density of 20 cm−3and once with a density of 2 cm−3. We find that the reverse convection potential is reduced for the low‐density run, as predicted by both models. We also find that despite the formation of Alfvén wings, the sunward flows in the magnetosphere are governed by the local reconnection physics. Further, the length of the x‐line poleward of the cusp is reduced by a factor of 2 for the low‐density run. This suggests that the reverse convection potential is governed by the local reconnection physics at the x‐line and the geoeffective length.
Extremely Low Frequency (0.1 to 1.0 mHz) Surf Zone Currents
Authors: Elgar Steve , Raubenheimer Britt , Clark David B. , Moulton Melissa
Published: January 2019

Low‐frequency surf zone eddies disperse material between the shoreline and the continental shelf, and velocity fluctuations with frequencies as low as a few mHz have been observed previously on several beaches. Here spectral estimates of surf zone currents are extended to an order of magnitude lower frequency, resolving an extremely low frequency peak of approximately 0.5 mHz that is observed for a range of beaches and wave conditions. The magnitude of the 0.5‐mHz peak increases with increasing wave energy and with spatial inhomogeneity of bathymetry or currents. The 0.5‐mHz peak may indicate the frequency for which nonlinear energy transfers from higher‐frequency, smaller‐scale motions are balanced by dissipative processes and thus may be the low‐frequency limit of the hypothesized 2‐D cascade of energy from breaking waves to lower frequency motions.
Geographical and Seasonal Variability of Cloud‐Radiative Feedbacks on Precipitation
Authors: Naegele A. C. , Randall D. A.
Published: January 2019

We have used observations to study the temporal covariability of precipitation and atmospheric radiative cooling (ARC, defined as positive when the atmosphere is radiatively cooled) on seasonal and longer time scales. Clouds act to decrease the globally averaged ARC, but their radiative effect on the ARC varies with latitude. Clouds decrease the ARC in the tropics, mainly by reducing the outgoing longwave radiation, but they increase the ARC in higher latitudes, primarily by increasing the downwelling longwave radiation at the surface. The temporal correlation of the zonally averaged precipitation rate and the zonally averaged ARC is about −0.7 in the tropics and +0.5 in higher latitudes, and it changes sign almost discontinuously toward the poles at approximately 30°N and 30°S. This suggests that changes in the ARC feed back negatively on precipitating tropical systems and positively on precipitating systems at higher latitudes.
A Rapid, Deterministic Age‐Depth Modeling Routine for Geological Sequences With Inherent Depth Uncertainty
Authors: Lougheed B. C. , Obrochta S. P.
Published: January 2019

Traditional approaches to age‐depth modeling typically assume no uncertainty for the depth value of dated intervals. However, such an assumption may not be fully valid in the case of poor coring recovery or significant sediment deformation, as well as in the case of a large subsampling interval. In consideration of these issues, we present a new age‐depth modeling routine, Undatable, which includes uncertainty in both age and depth. Undatable uses Bayesian radiocarbon (14C) calibration software (MatCal) and a deterministic approach with a positive sediment accumulation rate assumed a priori which, combined with efficient programming practices, allows for the rapid production (in a matter of seconds in many cases) of age‐depth models for multiple types of geological archives. Undatable has so far been successfully applied to coral archives, as well as sediment archives from estuarine, lacustrine, and deep‐sea environments. Through the inclusion of a bootstrapping option, the software performs particularly well in the case of a large scatter in age‐depth constraints by expanding the uncertainty envelope of the age‐depth model. Unlike other deterministic models, increasing the density of age‐depth constraints results in increased precision in Undatable, even at centennial scale, thus emulating the results of probabilistic models. In addition to the code itself, we also provide an interactive graphical user interface (GUI) that allows users to experiment with multiple age‐depth model settings to investigate the sensitivity of a given data set to multiple parameters.
ATM orchestrates the DNA-damage response to counter toxic non-homologous end-joining at broken replication forks
Authors: Balmus Gabriel , Pilger Domenic , Coates Julia , Demir Mukerrem , Sczaniecka-Clift Matylda , Barros Ana C. , Woods Michael , Fu Beiyuan , Yang Fengtang , Chen Elisabeth , Ostermaier Matthias , Stankovic Tatjana , Ponstingl Hannes , Herzog Mareike , Yusa Kosuke , Martinez Francisco Munoz , Durant Stephen T. , Galanty Yaron , Beli Petra , Adams David J. , Bradley Allan , Metzakopian Emmanouil , Forment Josep V. , Jackson Stephen P.
Published: January 2019

Mutations in the ATM tumor suppressor gene confer hypersensitivity to DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic agents. To explore genetic resistance mechanisms, we performed genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screens in cells treated with the DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor topotecan. Thus, we here establish that inactivating terminal components of the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) machinery or of the BRCA1-A complex specifically confer topotecan resistance to ATM-deficient cells. We show that hypersensitivity of ATM-mutant cells to topotecan or the poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib reflects delayed engagement of homologous recombination at DNA-replication-fork associated single-ended double-strand breaks (DSBs), allowing some to be subject to toxic NHEJ. Preventing DSB ligation by NHEJ, or enhancing homologous recombination by BRCA1-A complex disruption, suppresses this toxicity, highlighting a crucial role for ATM in preventing toxic LIG4-mediated chromosome fusions. Notably, suppressor mutations in ATM-mutant backgrounds are different to those in BRCA1-mutant scenarios, suggesting new opportunities for patient stratification and additional therapeutic vulnerabilities for clinical exploitation.
On chaotic dynamics in transcription factors and the associated effects in differential gene regulation
Authors: Heltberg Mathias L. , Krishna Sandeep , Jensen Mogens H.
Published: January 2019

The control of proteins by a transcription factor with periodically varying concentration exhibits intriguing dynamical behaviour. Even though it is accepted that transcription factors vary their dynamics in response to different situations, insight into how this affects downstream genes is lacking. Here, we investigate how oscillations and chaotic dynamics in the transcription factor NF-κB can affect downstream protein production. We describe how it is possible to control the effective dynamics of the transcription factor by stimulating it with an oscillating ligand. We find that chaotic dynamics modulates gene expression and up-regulates certain families of low-affinity genes, even in the presence of extrinsic and intrinsic noise. Furthermore, this leads to an increase in the production of protein complexes and the efficiency of their assembly. Finally, we show how chaotic dynamics creates a heterogeneous population of cell states, and describe how this can be beneficial in multi-toxic environments.
Molecular recognition of the native HIV-1 MPER revealed by STED microscopy of single virions
Authors: Carravilla Pablo , Chojnacki Jakub , Rujas Edurne , Insausti Sara , Largo Eneko , Waithe Dominic , Apellaniz Beatriz , Sicard Taylor , Julien Jean-Philippe , Eggeling Christian , Nieva José L.
Published: January 2019

Antibodies against the Membrane-Proximal External Region (MPER) of the Env gp41 subunit neutralize HIV-1 with exceptional breadth and potency. Due to the lack of knowledge on the MPER native structure and accessibility, different and exclusive models have been proposed for the molecular mechanism of MPER recognition by broadly neutralizing antibodies. Here, accessibility of antibodies to the native Env MPER on single virions has been addressed through STED microscopy. STED imaging of fluorescently labeled Fabs reveals a common pattern of native Env recognition for HIV-1 antibodies targeting MPER or the surface subunit gp120. In the case of anti-MPER antibodies, the process evolves with extra contribution of interactions with the viral lipid membrane to binding specificity. Our data provide biophysical insights into the recognition of the potent and broadly neutralizing MPER epitope on HIV virions, and as such is of importance for the design of therapeutic interventions.
Sulfide resorption during crustal ascent and degassing of oceanic plateau basalts
Authors: Reekie C. D. J. , Jenner F. E. , Smythe D. J. , Hauri E. H. , Bullock E. S. , Williams H. M.
Published: January 2019

Mantle plume-related magmas typically have higher chalcophile and siderophile element (CSE) contents than mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB). These differences are often attributed to sulfide-under-saturation of plume-related melts. However, because of eruption-related degassing of sulfur (S) and the compositional, pressure, temperature and redox effects on S-solubility, understanding the magmatic behavior of S is challenging. Using CSE data for oceanic plateau basalts (OPB), which rarely degas S, we show that many OPB are sulfide-saturated. Differences in the timing of sulfide-saturation between individual OPB suites can be explained by pressure effects on sulfur solubility associated with ascent through over-thickened crust. Importantly, where S-degassing does occur, OPB have higher CSE contents than S-undegassed melts at similar stages of differentiation. This can be explained by resorption of earlier-formed sulfides, which might play an important role in enriching degassed melts in sulfide-compatible CSE and potentially contributes to anomalous enrichments of CSE in the crust.
Light induced non-volatile switching of superconductivity in single layer FeSe on SrTiO3 substrate
Authors: Yang Ming , Yan Chenhui , Ma Yanjun , Li Lian , Cen Cheng
Published: January 2019

The capability of controlling superconductivity by light is highly desirable for active quantum device applications. Since superconductors rarely exhibit strong photoresponses, and optically sensitive materials are often not superconducting, efficient coupling between these two characters can be very challenging in a single material. Here we show that, in FeSe/SrTiO3 heterostructures, the superconducting transition temperature in FeSe monolayer can be effectively raised by the interband photoexcitations in the SrTiO3 substrate. Attributed to a light induced metastable polar distortion uniquely enabled by the FeSe/SrTiO3 interface, this effect only requires a less than 50 µW cm−2 continuous-wave light field. The fast optical generation of superconducting zero resistance state is non-volatile but can be rapidly reversed by applying voltage pulses to the back of SrTiO3 substrate. The capability of switching FeSe repeatedly and reliably between normal and superconducting states demonstrate the great potential of making energy-efficient quantum optoelectronics at designed correlated interfaces.
Thrombospondin-3 augments injury-induced cardiomyopathy by intracellular integrin inhibition and sarcolemmal instability
Authors: Schips Tobias G. , Vanhoutte Davy , Vo Alexander , Correll Robert N. , Brody Matthew J. , Khalil Hadi , Karch Jason , Tjondrokoesoemo Andoria , Sargent Michelle A. , Maillet Marjorie , Ross Robert S. , Molkentin Jeffery D.
Published: January 2019

Thrombospondins (Thbs) are a family of five secreted matricellular glycoproteins in vertebrates that broadly affect cell-matrix interaction. While Thbs4 is known to protect striated muscle from disease by enhancing sarcolemmal stability through increased integrin and dystroglycan attachment complexes, here we show that Thbs3 antithetically promotes sarcolemmal destabilization by reducing integrin function, augmenting disease-induced decompensation. Deletion of Thbs3 in mice enhances integrin membrane expression and membrane stability, protecting the heart from disease stimuli. Transgene-mediated overexpression of α7β1D integrin in the heart ameliorates the disease predisposing effects of Thbs3 by augmenting sarcolemmal stability. Mechanistically, we show that mutating Thbs3 to contain the conserved RGD integrin binding domain normally found in Thbs4 and Thbs5 now rescues the defective expression of integrins on the sarcolemma. Thus, Thbs proteins mediate the intracellular processing of integrin plasma membrane attachment complexes to regulate the dynamics of cellular remodeling and membrane stability.
Publisher Correction: Structural and chemical biology of deacetylases for carbohydrates, proteins, small molecules and histones
Authors: Bürger Marco , Chory Joanne
Published: January 2019

In the original published version of the article, the protein name for the carbohydrate deacetylase in Geobacillus stearothermophilus was missing from Table 1. The protein name, Axe2 (corresponding to PDB code 3W7V), should have appeared immediately following the species name. In addition, a space was inadvertently omitted between Xanthomonas campestris and ACDase in Table 1. The errors have been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions.
Computational Design and Modeling of Linear and Nonlinear Elastic Tissue Engineering Scaffold Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) Porous Architecture
Authors: Hollister S. J.
Published: January 2019

The concept of “functional tissue engineering” proposes that biomaterial scaffolds should be developed with mechanical properties that approximate those of native tissues. This can present a challenge as soft tissues exhibit at a minimum nonlinear elastic properties. The question becomes how to computationally estimate effective properties for scaffolds made from nonlinear materials and whether these nonlinear effective properties can be estimated from linear homogenization analysis. In this chapter, contact analyses are performed for both Triply Minimal Periodic Surface (TPMS) and P Schwartz architecture for 1×1×1 to 5×5×5 repeated unit cells for both linear and nonlinear (Neo-Hookean) base materials. These are compared to linear homogenization analyses for the same scaffold architecture. Results show that nonlinear effective properties show the same trend of decreasing material coefficients as linear effective properties as scaffold porosity increases. Furthermore, linear homogenization resulted bounded both linear and nonlinear multi-cell contact analyses. The results provide an initial insight into the behavior of porous scaffolds made from nonlinear materials as well as suggesting that linear homogenization estimates can be used as initial bounds for nonlinear effective properties of porous scaffolds.
Synthesis of PB@FePt hybrid nanoparticles with peroxidase-mimicking activity for colorimetric determination of hydrogen peroxide in living cells
Authors: Hu Zunfu , Dai Zhichao , Hu Xiaowei , Chen Kuiyong , Gao Chuanhui , Zheng Xiuwen , Yu Yueqin
Published: January 2019

The rapid determination of H2O2 is important in a series of areas, such as bioanalysis, food safety and clinical diagnosis.
Tumor targeting with DGEA peptide ligands: a new aromatic peptide amphiphile for imaging cancers
Authors: Zhan Fu-Kai , Liu Jyun-Cheng , Cheng Bill , Liu Yen-Chu , Lai Tsung-Sheng , Lin Hsin-Chieh , Yeh Mei-Yu
Published: January 2019

A novel AIE-active self-assembled bioprobe TPE-FDGEA has been developed for selective cancer cell imaging.
Copper-catalyzed aminothiolation of terminal alkynes with tunable regioselectivity
Authors: Kuang Jinqiang , Xia Yuanzhi , Yang An , Zhang Heng , Su Chenliang , Lee Daesung
Published: January 2019

A simple, mild, and efficient catalytic aminothiolation of terminal alkynes for the synthesis of both 2- and 3-substituted thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazoles is established upon catalysis with copper(i), in which complementary regioselectivities could be achieved by using sterically different phenanthroline-based ligands.
Iodide-ion conduction in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite: some extraordinary aspects
Authors: De Souza Roger A. , Barboni Denis
Published: January 2019

Certain surprising aspects of iodide-ion conduction in MAPbI3, such as the low migration barrier and the dominance of anti-Frenkel disorder, are discussed.
Correction: Unexpected arene ligand exchange results in the oxidation of an organoruthenium anticancer agent: the first X-ray structure of a protein–Ru(carbene) adduct
Authors: Sullivan Matthew P. , Nieuwoudt Michél K. , Bowmaker Graham A. , Lam Nelson Y. S. , Truong Dianna , Goldstone David C. , Hartinger Christian G.
Published: January 2019

Correction for ‘Unexpected arene ligand exchange results in the oxidation of an organoruthenium anticancer agent: the first X-ray structure of a protein–Ru(carbene) adduct’ by Matthew P. Sullivan et al., Chem. Commun., 2018, 54, 6120–6123.
Fluconazolium oxalate: synthesis and structural characterization of a highly soluble crystalline form
Authors: Owoyemi Bolaji C. Dayo , da Silva Cecilia C. P. , Diniz Luan F. , Souza Matheus S. , Ellena Javier , Carneiro Renato L.
Published: January 2019

Fluconazole (FLZ) is one of the most used antifungal drugs worldwide and has been the focus of various investigations with the aim of enhancing its biomedical application.
Wheel-and-axle topology-driven halogen bonds: formation of ladder, 1D and 2D networks in hexa-coordinated Sn(iv) porphyrins
Authors: Rani Jyoti , Kaur Gurkiran , Sushila Sushila , Diksha Diksha , Yadav Rashmi , Kataria Ramesh , Venugopalan Paloth , Natarajan Palani , Chaudhary Arvind , Patra Ranjan
Published: January 2019

Wheel-and-axle topology-driven halogen bonded supramolecular networks in six-coordinated Sn(iv)-porphyrins.
Suppressing depolarization by tail substitution in an organic supramolecular ferroelectric
Authors: Urbanaviciute Indre , Bhattacharjee Subham , Biler Michal , Lugger Jody A. M. , Cornelissen Tim D. , Norman Patrick , Linares Mathieu , Sijbesma Rint P. , Kemerink Martijn
Published: January 2019

The depolarization problem of a supramolecular organic ferroelectric is solved by simple molecular structure modification and blending.
Improved model on fluorescence decay in singlet fission materials
Authors: Hu Fang-qi , Zhao Qing , Peng Xu-biao
Published: January 2019

A comprehensive dynamics model on singlet fission process is presented, giving a more consistent fitting on the time-resolved fluorescence decay experimental data in singlet fission materials.
Vacuum-UV induced DNA strand breaks – influence of the radiosensitizers 5-bromouracil and 8-bromoadenine
Authors: Vogel Stefanie , Ebel Kenny , Heck Christian , Schürmann Robin M. , Milosavljević Aleksandar R. , Giuliani Alexandre , Bald Ilko
Published: January 2019

VUV induced strand breaks in oligonucleotides modified by 5-Bromouracil (5-BrU) and 8-Bromoadenine (8-BrA) is quantified. While 5-BrU is an efficient photosensitizer, 8-BrA does not increase the strand break yield.
MOF-derived hierarchical hollow spheres composed of carbon-confined Ni nanoparticles for efficient CO2 methanation
Authors: Lin Xiahui , Wang Sibo , Tu Wenguang , Hu Zhibiao , Ding Zhengxin , Hou Yidong , Xu Rong , Dai Wenxin
Published: January 2019

Hierarchical Ni@C hollow spheres composed of dispersed Ni nanoparticles confined in carbon shells were readily synthesized for efficient CO2 methanation.
Biophysical analysis of cancer stem cell-potent copper(ii) coordination complexes
Authors: Zheng Puyi , Eskandari Arvin , Lu Chunxin , Laws Kristine , Aldous Leigh , Suntharalingam Kogularamanan
Published: January 2019

Copper(ii) coordination complexes, 1 and 2, containing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) potently kill breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) and bulk breast cancer cells.
Effect of sawdust dosage and hydraulic retention time (HRT) on nitrate removal in sawdust/pyrite mixotrophic denitrification (SPMD) systems
Authors: Jin Shunlong , Feng Chuanping , Tong Shuang , Chen Nan , Liu Hengyuan , Zhao Jiamin
Published: January 2019

Pyrite plays an important role in nitrate-contaminated aquifer remediation.
Effect of caseinate glycation with oligochitosan and transglutaminase on the intestinal barrier function of the tryptic caseinate digest in IEC-6 cells
Authors: Shi Jia , Zhao Xin-Huai
Published: January 2019

The oligochitosan-glycated caseinate digest has higher activity than the caseinate digest to strengthen the intestinal barrier function of IEC-6 cells.
Polymeric nanoparticles-based multi-functional coatings on NiTi alloy with nickel ion release control, cytocompatibility, and antibacterial performance
Authors: Meng Long , Wu Yunan , Pan Kai , Zhu Ye , Li Xiaojie , Wei Wei , Liu Xiaoya
Published: January 2019

Photo-cross-linked quaternized copolymer coatings on NiTi alloy show prominent inhibition of nickel ion release and antibacterial properties.
Flexible artificial nociceptor using a biopolymer-based forming-free memristor
Authors: Ge Jun , Zhang Shan , Liu Zhiyu , Xie Zhikun , Pan Shusheng
Published: January 2019

Flexible artificial nociceptors and pressure sensory alarm system were fabricated using a memristor based on biopolymers extracted from the seaweed.
Polychromatic and polarized multilevel optical data storage
Authors: Ouyang Xu , Xu Yi , Feng Ziwei , Tang Weiyuan , Cao Yaoyu , Li Xiangping
Published: January 2019

The combination of multiplexing among multiple physical dimensions and multilevel coding simultaneously can boost the capacity of ODS.
Influence of mixed organic cations on the structural and optical properties of lead tri-iodide perovskites
Authors: Pang Guotao , Lan Xiaoqi , Li Ruxue , He Zhubing , Chen Rui
Published: January 2019

Temperature-dependent photoluminescence in the phase transition range shows that mixed-organic-cation perovskites are more stable than their pure counterparts.
Recent advances on the thermal destabilization of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials
Authors: Zhang Jianfeng , Li Zhinian , Wu Yuanfang , Guo Xiumei , Ye Jianhua , Yuan Baolong , Wang Shumao , Jiang Lijun
Published: January 2019

Magnesium hydride and its compounds have a high hydrogen storage capacity and are inexpensive, and thus have been considered as one of the most promising hydrogen storage materials for on-board applications.
A novel 3D Cd(ii) coordination polymer generated via in situ ligand synthesis involving C–O ester bond formation
Authors: Wang Ji-Jiang , Cao Zhuang , Wang Xiao , Tang Long , Hou Xiang-Yang , Ju Ping , Ren Yi-Xia , Chen Xiao-Li , Zhang Yu-Qi
Published: January 2019

A 3D Cd(ii) coordination polymer comprising ligand molecules not included in the original reaction mixtures but instead formed via in situ ligand synthesis involving a C–O ester bond.
Middle-down approach: a choice to sequence and characterize proteins/proteomes by mass spectrometry
Authors: Pandeswari P. Boomathi , Sabareesh Varatharajan
Published: January 2019

Enhanced sequence coverage, better identification of combinatorial co-occurring PTMs and improved detection of proteoforms are key highlights of middle-down approach and hence, this can be a promiscuous approach for protein sequencing and proteomics.
Degradation of pendimethalin by the yeast YC2 and determination of its two main metabolites
Authors: Han Yajie , Tang Zonggui , Bao Huifang , Wu Dongmei , Deng Xiaolin , Guo Gaowei , Ye Bang-Ce , Dai Bin
Published: January 2019

In this study, we isolated a yeast strain, YC2, by enrichment culture from pendimethalin-contaminated soil.
Employing a novel O3/H2O2 + BiPO4/UV synergy technique to deal with thiourea-containing photovoltaic wastewater
Authors: Wei Zhikai , Li Peng , Hassan Muhammad , Wang Pu , Xu Cong , Ren Long-Fei , He Yiliang
Published: January 2019

Photovoltaic wastewater contains a large amount of thiourea that cannot be directly treated by biological methods because of its biotoxicity.
Influence of growth temperature on titanium sulphide nanostructures: from trisulphide nanosheets and nanoribbons to disulphide nanodiscs
Authors: Talib Mohammad , Tabassum Rana , Islam S. S. , Mishra Prabhash
Published: January 2019

We report the fabrication and characterization of titanium sulphide nanostructures using a chemical vapour transport (CVT) method.
Ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of methyl parathion pesticide based on cationic water-soluble pillar[5]arene and reduced graphene nanocomposite
Authors: Tan Xiaoping , Liu Yan , Zhang Tingying , Luo Shasha , Liu Xi , Tian Hexiang , Yang Yang , Chen Chunlian
Published: January 2019

A promising electrochemical sensing platform for the detection of methyl parathion based on cationic water-soluble pillar[5]arene reduced graphene nanocomposite.
Experimental and theoretical investigation of cyclometallated platinum(ii) complex containing adamantanemethylcyanamide and 1,4-naphthoquinone derivative as ligands: synthesis, characterization, interacting with guanine and cytotoxic activity
Authors: Tabrizi Leila , Zouchoune Bachir , Zaiter Abdallah
Published: January 2019

A new cyclometallated platinum(ii) complex was synthesized and its characterization, interaction with guanine, and cytotoxic activity were investigated by experiment and theoretical calculations.
Synthesis and characterization of MgAl-DBS LDH/PLA composite by sonication-assisted masterbatch (SAM) melt mixing method
Authors: Quispe-Dominguez Roger , Naseem Sajid , Leuteritz Andreas , Kuehnert Ines
Published: January 2019

This research work is based on the comparison of the mixing phenomena of magnesium–aluminum (MgAl) layered double hydroxides (LDHs) intercalated by dodecylbenzene sulfonate (MgAl-DBS) in poly(lactic acid) (PLA).
Metal-enhanced fluorescence in polymer composite films with Au@Ag@SiO2 nanoparticles and InP@ZnS quantum dots
Authors: Kim Ki-Se , Zakia Maulida , Yoon Jinhwan , Yoo Seong Il
Published: January 2019

Poly(lauryl methacrylate) films containing Au@Ag@SiO2 nanoparticles and InP@ZnS quantum dots were prepared to investigate metal-enhanced fluorescence in polymer composites.
Efficient reclamation of carbon fibers from epoxy composite waste through catalytic pyrolysis in molten ZnCl2
Authors: Wu Tianyu , Zhang Wenqing , Jin Xin , Liang Xiangyi , Sui Gang , Yang Xiaoping
Published: January 2019

Carbon fibers were efficiently reclaimed from epoxy composite waste for remanufacturing through a catalytic pyrolysis in molten ZnCl2.
Functionalized biochar-supported magnetic MnFe2O4 nanocomposite for the removal of Pb(ii) and Cd(ii)
Authors: Zhang Lianke , Guo Jinyue , Huang Xuemin , Wang Weida , Sun Peng , Li Yumei , Han Jianhong
Published: January 2019

In this study, a novel magnetic biochar-MnFe2O4 nanocomposite (BC/FM) was prepared using low-cost corn straw and MnFe2O4 by sol–gel/pyrolyzing route using egg white, which has abundant functional groups (–NH2 and –COOH).
Metal–organic frameworks in a blended polythiophene hybrid film with surface-mediated vertical phase separation for the fabrication of a humidity sensor
Authors: Jang Young Jin , Jung Yoo Eil , Kim Gun Woo , Lee Chang Yeon , Park Yeong Don
Published: January 2019

HKUST-1 blended P3HT film dramatically improved the electrical signal variations in an OTFT-based humidity sensor due to the superior gas capture properties and the porosity of the HKUST-1.
Solution-phase phosphorus substitution for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction in Cu2WS4
Authors: Novak Travis G. , Prakash Om , Tiwari Anand P. , Jeon Seokwoo
Published: January 2019

Solution-phase synthesis of a transition metal phosphide for use as a highly efficient electrocatalyst.
Enhanced control of plasmonic properties of silver–gold hollow nanoparticles via a reduction-assisted galvanic replacement approach
Authors: R. Daniel Josée , McCarthy Lauren A. , Ringe Emilie , Boudreau Denis
Published: January 2019

A co-reduction assisted method for the synthesis of Ag–Au hollow nanoparticles with enhanced control over plasmon wavelength and scattering intensity.
Anionic effects on the structure and dynamics of water in superconcentrated aqueous electrolytes
Authors: Han Sungho
Published: January 2019

The effects of anions on the properties of water are examined for various salt concentrations.
Two-dimensional crystals of star polymers: a tale of tails
Authors: Bos Inge , van der Scheer Pieter , Ellenbroek Wouter G. , Sprakel Joris
Published: January 2019

We establish the design rules for creating non-close packed two-dimensional crystals from star polymers through tailoring the far field interactions.
Comparison of endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation with or without endoscopic sphincterotomy for the treatment of large bile duct stones
Authors: Park Jin-Seok , Jeong Seok , Lee Dong , Jang Sung , Lee Tae , Park Sang-Heum , Hwang Jae , Kim Jin , Yoo Byoung , Park Shin , Lee Don
Published: January 2019

Background Endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EPLBD) without prior endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) produces excellent outcomes for the treatment of large common bile duct (CBD) stones. However, it remains unclear how the outcomes of EPLBD alone compare with those of EPLBD with EST. In this study, we assessed the safety and therapeutic outcomes of EPLBD with vs. without EST for the removal of large bile duct stones.

Methods This prospective, multicenter study was conducted on 200 patients with bile duct stones of ≥ 10 mm in diameter. Patients were randomly assigned to an EPLBD alone group (n = 100) or an EPLBD with EST group (n = 100). These two groups were compared with respect to overall procedure-related adverse events, overall stone removal success rate, number of endoscopic sessions required for complete stone removal, need for mechanical lithotripsy, and total procedure time.

Results The incidence of adverse events was not significantly different between the groups (EPLBD alone vs. EPLBD with EST: overall adverse events 6 % vs. 4 %, P = 0.75; pancreatitis 1 % vs. 3 %, P = 0.62). Overall success (P = 0.35), initial success (P = 0.28), and the need for mechanical lithotripsy (P = 0.39) were also similar between groups. Median total procedure time tended to be greater in the EPLBD alone group (20.5 minutes) than in the EPLBD with EST group (18 minutes; P = 0.08).

Conclusion The therapeutic outcomes and adverse events of EPLBD alone for the removal of large bile duct stones were comparable to those of EPLBD with EST.
Tissue acquisition for diagnosis of biliary strictures using peroral cholangioscopy or endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration
Authors: Lee Yun , Moon Jong , Choi Hyun , Kim Hee , Lee Hyun , Lee Tae , Choi Moon , Cha Sang-Woo , Cho Young , Park Sang-Heum
Published: January 2019

Background Although endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a first-line diagnostic modality for suspected malignant biliary stricture (MBS), the diagnostic yield of ERCP-based tissue sampling is insufficient. Peroral cholangioscopy-guided forceps biopsy (POC-FB) and endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNAB) are evolving as reliable diagnostic procedures for inconclusive MBS. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of a diagnostic approach using POC-FB or EUS-FNAB according to the stricture location in patients with suspected MBS.

Methods Consecutive patients diagnosed with suspected MBS with obstructive jaundice and/or cholangitis were enrolled prospectively. ERCP with transpapillary forceps biopsy (TPB) was performed initially. When malignancy was not confirmed by TPB, POC-FB using a SpyGlass direct visualization system or direct POC using an ultraslim endoscope was performed for proximal strictures, and EUS-FNAB was performed for distal strictures as a follow-up biopsy.

Results Among a total of 181 patients, initial TPB showed malignancy in 122 patients, and the diagnostic accuracy of initial TPB was 71.8 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 65.3 % – 78.4 %]. Of the 59 patients in whom TPB was negative for malignancy, 32 had proximal biliary strictures and underwent successful POC. The remaining 27 patients had distal strictures and underwent successful EUS-FNAB. The accuracy of malignancy detection using POC-FB for proximal biliary strictures and EUS-FNAB for distal biliary strictures was 93.6 % (95 %CI 84.9 %−100 %) and 96.3 % (95 %CI 89.2 %−100 %), respectively. The overall diagnostic accuracy for the combination of TPB with either POC-FB for proximal strictures and EUS-FNAB for distal strictures was 98.3 % (95 %CI 95.9 %−100 %) and 98.4 % (95 %CI 95.3 %−100 %), respectively.

Conclusions An approach using POC-FB or EUS-FNAB according to the stricture location may be useful in the diagnosis of suspected MBS.
Kombinierte intravitreale Therapie mit Dexamethason und Bevacizumab bei Strahlenoptikopathie und -retinopathie
Authors: Filev Filip S. , Mirshahi Alireza
Published: January 2019

Einleitung Die Strahlenretinopathie ist eine chronische, fortschreitende Erkrankung, die durch die Wirkung ionisierender Strahlung verursacht wird. Häufig ist die Ursache einer Strahlenretinopathie die Behandlung eines intra- oder periokulären Tumors.

Fallvorstellung Ein pseudophaker Patient stellte sich im August 2016 mit einer seit ca. 1 Woche bestehenden Visusverschlechterung des linken Auges in unserer Klinik vor. In der Patientengeschichte war eine Protonenbestrahlung des linken Auges vor 3 Jahren bei Aderhautmelanom bekannt. Es zeigte sich ein Makulaödem mit Exsudatbildung und Papillenödem. Wir stellten die Diagnose einer Strahlenoptiko- und -retinopathie. Es erfolgten intravitreale Injektionen mit Dexamethason (Ozurdex®) und am Folgetag mit 1,25 mg Bevacizumab. Im Abstand von jeweils 4 Wochen injizierten wir erneut 2-mal Bevacizumab. Das Makulaödem und das Papillenödem zeigten sich deutlich rückläufig. Der Patient erfuhr einen Anstieg des bestkorrigierten Visus von 0,4 auf 0,8. In den monatlichen Kontrollen zeigte sich ein stabiler Befund, sodass wir zunächst auf weitere Bevacizumab-Injektionen verzichteten. Es traten keine Komplikationen auf.

Schlussfolgerung Die Kombination aus intravitrealer Gabe von Steroiden und Anti-VEGF erwies sich in diesem Fall als effektive Behandlungsmodalität bei iatrogen induzierter Strahlenoptikopathie und -retinopathie. Weitere Studien sind zur Ermittlung des Stellenwerts der kombinierten Therapie notwendig.