bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fine scale transitions of the microbiota and metabolome along the gastrointestinal tract of herbivorous fishes
Authors: Sparagon Wesley J. , Gentry Emily C. , Minich Jeremiah J. , Vollbrecht Lisa , Laurens Lieve M. L. , Allen Eric E. , Sims Neil A. , Dorrestein Pieter C. , Kelly Linda Wegley , Nelson Craig E.
Published: May 2022

Background

Gut microorganisms aid in the digestion of food by providing exogenous metabolic pathways to break down organic compounds. An integration of longitudinal microbial and chemical data is necessary to illuminate how gut microorganisms supplement the energetic and nutritional requirements of animals. Although mammalian gut systems are well-studied in this capacity, the role of microbes in the breakdown and utilization of recalcitrant marine macroalgae in herbivorous fish is relatively understudied and an emerging priority for bioproduct extraction. Here we use a comprehensive survey of the marine herbivorous fish gut microbial ecosystem via parallel 16S rRNA gene amplicon profiling (microbiota) and untargeted tandem mass spectrometry (metabolomes) to demonstrate consistent transitions among 8 gut subsections across five fish of the genus ofKyphosus.

Results

Integration of microbial phylogenetic and chemical diversity data reveals that microbial communities and metabolomes covaried and differentiated continuously from stomach to hindgut, with the midgut containing multiple distinct and previously uncharacterized microenvironments and a distinct hindgut community dominated by obligate anaerobes. This differentiation was driven primarily by anaerobic gut endosymbionts of the classesBacteroidiaandClostridiachanging in concert with bile acids, small peptides, and phospholipids: bile acid deconjugation associated with early midgut microbiota, small peptide production associated with midgut microbiota, and phospholipid production associated with hindgut microbiota.

Conclusions

The combination of microbial and untargeted metabolomic data at high spatial resolution provides a new view of the diverse fish gut microenvironment and serves as a foundation to understand functional partitioning of microbial activities that contribute to the digestion of complex macroalgae in herbivorous marine fish.
Advancing understanding of maternal age: correlating epigenetic clocks in blood and myometrium
Authors: Erickson Elise N. , Knight Anna K. , Smith Alicia K. , Myatt Leslie
Published: May 2022

Background

Advanced maternal age is currently a term defined by chronological age. However, a group of biomarkers known as epigenetic clocks, which can predict morbidity and mortality, has been used to estimate measures of biological aging. Uterine myometrial function during the process of parturition may be influenced by aging, as labor dystocia, unplanned intrapartum cesarean birth, and postpartum hemorrhage are more common in older individuals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of epigenetic clocks in maternal myometrium and blood for predicting age and to evaluate the correlation of epigenetic age between the tissues.

Results

We compared epigenetic age in blood and myometrial samples provided by women undergoing planned cesarean birth at term gestation. Chronological age ranged from 20 to 50 with a median (IQR) age of 35.5(8) years. The MethylationEPIC BeadChip was used to obtain DNA methylation data, and then epigenetic age was calculated using the Horvath, Hannum, GrimAge, and PhenoAge clocks. Spearman correlations of epigenetic age with chronological age were calculated. We tested the relationship of epigenetic age in maternal blood to epigenetic age in myometrium. Age acceleration, for each clock, was also correlated between tissues. Twenty-seven participants provided samples, and 21 matched specimens were included in the final analysis after quality control. Spearman correlation between maternal chronological age and epigenetic age were significant in three of the four clocks (pan-tissue Horvath, Hannum, and GrimAge), for both myometrium and blood samples. Correlations between blood epigenetic age and maternal age ranged from 0.72 to 0.87 (all p < 0.001). Correlations between myometrial epigenetic age and maternal age were also significant (0.62–0.70, p = 0.002), though lower than correlations seen in blood. Maternal blood epigenetic age also correlated with epigenetic age in myometrium with each of these three clocks 0.60 (p = 0.004, Horvath), 0.63 (p = 0.003, Hannum), and 0.80 (p < 0.001, GrimAge). GrimAge age acceleration had the highest correlation between tissues among the clocks (0.49, p = 0.02).

Conclusions

Given the limited sample, this study provides insight into the potential use of epigenetic age derived from blood as a proxy for myometrial epigenetic age, which may be a useful biomarker in estimating myometrial biological age in relationship to myometrial dysfunction. GrimAge outperformed the other tested clocks in terms of concordance of epigenetic age and age acceleration between tissues; however, the Horvath and Hannum clocks may be useful depending on the outcome of interest in pregnancy.
Promising role for pleural vent in pneumothorax following CT-guided biopsy of lung lesions
Authors: Ball Michael , Babu Suresh , Wallis Adam , Asciak Rachelle
Published: May 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the safety, effectiveness and cost-benefit of ambulatory pleural vent compared to conventional chest drain for pneumothorax following CT-guided biopsy of lung lesions (CTGB).

Methods

We retrospectively analysed electronic hospital records of patients requiring intervention for pneumothorax following CTGB. All patients treated with pleural vent over a 2-year period (August 2017–July 2019) were included and compared to a control group of all patients treated with chest drain over a previous 2-year period (August 2014–July 2016).

Results

Patients managed with a pleural vent had a shorter length of hospital stay compared to the chest drain group (median 0 days vs 4.5 days, p < 0.01). The mean cost of follow-up in the pleural vent group was £530.36 per patient compared to a mean of £2699.38 per patient in the chest drain group (p-value < 0.01).

Conclusion

Pleural vent can be a safe and effective alternative to conventional chest drain for the management of CTGB-related pneumothorax which allows patients to be managed on an outpatient basis with reduced hospital stays and lower associated healthcare costs.

Advances in knowledge

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the safety and effectiveness of pleural vent for CTGB-related pneumothorax.
MRI radiomics combined with clinicopathologic features to predict disease-free survival in patients with early-stage cervical cancer
Authors: Jiang Xiaoting , Song Jiacheng , Duan Shaofeng , Cheng Wenjun , Chen Ting , Liu Xisheng
Published: May 2022

Objective

To establish a comprehensive model including MRI radiomics and clinicopathological features to predict post-operative disease-free survival (DFS) in early-stage (pre-operative FIGO Stage IB-IIA) cervical cancer.

Methods

A total of 183 patients with early-stage cervical cancer admitted to our Jiangsu Province Hospital underwent radical hysterectomy were enrolled in this retrospective study from January 2013 to June 2018 and their clinicopathology and MRI information were collected. They were then divided into training cohort (n = 129) and internal validation cohort (n = 54). The radiomic features were extracted from the pre-operative T1 contrast-enhanced (T1CE) and T  2 weighted image of each patient. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and multivariate Cox proportional hazard model were used for feature selection, and the rad-score (RS) of each patient were evaluated individually. The clinicopathology model, T1CE_RS model, T1CE + T2_RS model, and clinicopathology combined with T1CE_RS model were established and compared. Patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups according to the optimum cut-off values of four models.

Results

T1CE_RS model showed better performance on DFS prediction of early-stage cervical cancer than clinicopathological model (C-index: 0.724 vs 0.659). T1CE+T2_RS model did not improve predictive performance (C-index: 0.671). The combination of T1CE_RS and clinicopathology features showed more accurate predictive ability (C-index=0.773).

Conclusion

The combination of T1CE_RS and clinicopathology features showed more accurate predictive performance for DFS of patients with early-stage (pre-operative IB-IIA) cervical cancer which can aid in the design of individualised treatment strategies and regular follow-up.

Advances in knowledge

A radiomics signature composed of T1CE radiomic features combined with clinicopathology features allowed differentiating patients at high or low risk of recurrence.
Erhabenheit und Kunstautonomie
Authors: Αυγερινού Σοφία
Published: May 2022

Τόσο το αίσθημα του Υψηλού (das Erhabene), όσο και η αυτονομία της τέχνης (Kunstautonomie) ως απουσία μη αισθητικών σκοπών και κανόνων κατά την παραγωγή και την πρόσληψη του έργου τέχνης, αποτελούν δύο σημαντικούς πυλώνες της αισθητικής του Φρίντριχ Σίλλερ. Ωστόσο οι απόψεις των ερευνητών διίστανται ως προς τη σχέση που συνδέει αυτές τις δύο βασικές έννοιες: πρόκειται για σχέση συμπληρωματικότητας, συνύπαρξης ή αντίθεσης; Η παρούσα εργασία, μέσω της ανάλυσης των δομικών στοιχείων του Υψηλού και του προτάγματος της αυτονομίας της τέχνης στο έργο του Σίλλερ, καταλήγει στο συμπέρασμα ότι πρόκειται όχι για απλές συμπληρωματικές ή αντιθετικές έννοιες, αλλά για εννοιολογικά σύνολα που αντιστοιχούν στις δύο βασικές τάσεις της σκέψης του καλλιτέχνη και στοχαστή Σίλλερ, δηλαδή στην επιθυμία για συμφιλίωση των αντιθέτων (νόμος και φύση, αισθητικότητα και λόγος, χάρη και αξιοπρέπεια κ.ο.κ.) μέσω ομαλών και αρμονικών σταδίων προόδου και στην συνείδηση της αναπόφευκτης αντινομίας και της ανυπέρβλητης αντίφασης που διέπει την ανθρώπινη ύπαρξη. Τα εννοιολογικά σύνολα του Υψηλού και της αυτονομίας της τέχνης διέπονται από σχέση αναλογίας, με την έννοια ότι βασίζονται στα ίδια δομικά/σημασιολογικά στοιχεία (βία, αντίφαση, χωρισμός, αρνητικότητα, δυναμικότητα, οριακή κατάσταση, τονισμός του στοιχείου του φαίνεσθαι (Schein), παράσταση του μη παραστάσιμου (das Undarstellbare), δημιουργία και όχι μίμηση), εκκινώντας από μια δυναμική αντίληψη για τη σχέση ανθρώπινης ψυχής και κοσμικών/ιστορικών δυνάμεων και τη διαδικασία που οδηγεί στο Αισθητικό και καταλήγοντας σε μια προοπτική θέαση του απείρου. Το συμπέρασμα αυτό ενισχύεται από μια προσεκτική σύγκριση των περιγραφών του αισθήματος του Υψηλού και της διαδικασίας παραγωγής και πρόσληψης τέχνης στα αισθητικά δοκίμια του ποιητή, όπου διαφαίνεται ότι η ίδια η αυτονομία της τέχνης παρουσιάζεται από τον Σίλλερ ως ένα βίωμα του Υψηλού. Υπό αυτήν την έννοια η αισθητική εμπειρία και η ελευθερία – δυνατές ως οριακές καταστάσεις, αλλά και ως στάσεις ζωής εντός ενός χαοτικού κόσμου – δεν σηματοδοτούν την αθέμιτη εισβολή της ηθικής εντός της αισθητικής, αλλά την επέκταση του αισθητικού βιώματος σε όλον τον βίο. Ακριβώς επειδή η τέχνη δεν σχετίζεται με τη γνώση ή την ηθική, όπως τονίζει με ενάργεια ο Σίλλερ αναλύοντας την προσφιλή του δραματουργική έννοια του «υψηλόφρονος εγκληματία» (erhabener Verbrecher), είναι σε θέση να δρα απελευθερωτικά για τον άνθρωπο. Το γεγονός ότι τα έργα της ώριμης – κυρίως – δραματουργίας του παρουσιάζουν μάλλον ανθρώπους που καταστρέφονται από τα ανθρώπινα πάθη και από τις απρόσωπες δυνάμεις της ιστορίας, παρά ελεύθερα υποκείμενα και υψηλόφρονες ήρωες, καταδεικνύει πως ο ποιητής είχε συνείδηση της ριψοκίνδυνης θέσης του ανθρώπου ανάμεσα στη φύση και στον Λόγο και της αναγκαιότητας ανάληψης ευθύνης, με δεδομένη την τυχαιότητα της ύπαρξης.
Ανθρωποκεντρική προσέγγιση στην επίτευξη πολιτικών δράσεων τοπικής εμβέλειας για τις ευρω-μεσογειακές έξυπνες πόλεις
Authors: Αλβέρτη Μαρούλα
Published: May 2022

Η παρούσα διατριβή αποσκοπεί στη μελέτη της ανθρωποκεντρικής προσέγγισης των έξυπνων πόλεων και πως αυτή επηρεάζεται από τα χαρακτηριστικά του αστικού κτισμένου περιβάλλοντος. Επιπλέον η παρούσα διατριβή εισάγει και επεξεργάζεται για πρώτη φορά την έννοια των έξυπνων ανθρωποκεντρικών χαρακτηριστικών (ΕΑΧ), απαραίτητο συστατικό για την στρατηγική υλοποίησης πολιτικών έξυπνης πόλης. Ως μελέτη περίπτωσης επιλέχθηκε η ευρύτερη αστική περιοχή της Λεμεσού, η νοτιότερη ευρωπαϊκή αστική συγκέντρωση. Αποτελεί αντιπροσωπευτικό παράδειγμα Ευρωμεσογειακής πόλης μεσαίου μεγέθους, που παρουσιάζει έντονη δυναμικότητα λόγω της γεωπολιτικής της θέσης επηρεάζοντας την ευρύτερη περιοχή της Ανατολικής Μεσογείου και της Μέσης Ανατολής.Για την επίτευξη του στόχου της μελέτης χρησιμοποιούνται τρεις διαφορετικές μέθοδοι στατιστικής ανάλυσης. Για τον προσδιορισμό των παραγόντων που επηρεάζουν τον αστικό χώρο χρησιμοποιήθηκε η μέθοδος των κυρίων συνιστωσών (PCA). Στη συνέχεια χρησιμοποιήθηκε η μέθοδος της γραμμικής παλινδρόμησης, για να προσδιοριστεί ο τρόπος και η ένταση της επίδρασης κάθε ΕΑΧ στο αστικό κτισμένο περιβάλλον. Ειδικότερα χρησιμοποιήθηκαν δύο μοντέλα παλινδρόμησης, το πρώτο με την μέθοδο των ελαχίστων τετραγώνων (OLS) που αποτελεί το ολικό μοντέλο και το δεύτερο με τη μέθοδο της γεωγραφικά σταθμισμένης παλινδρόμησης (GWR) που αποτελεί το τοπικό μοντέλο. Η συγκριτική αυτή διερεύνηση των δύο μοντέλων που προέκυψαν έχουν εφαρμογή σε δεδομένα που αφορούν μια μεσαίου μεγέθους Ευρωμεσογειακή πόλη, γεγονός που αποτελεί και την καινοτομία στην παρούσα έρευνα.Από τα αποτελέσματα της ανάλυσης ανάγεται το συμπέρασμα ότι υπάρχουν σημαντικές χωρικές διαφοροποιήσεις τόσο στην κατεύθυνση όσο και στην ένταση των επιδράσεων των παραγόντων του αστικού κτισμένου περιβάλλοντος στην πρόβλεψη των ΕΑΧ. Η πρόβλεψη αυτή παρουσιάζει υψηλές τιμές στα περισσότερα από τα εξεταζόμενα ΕΑΧ. Με βάση τα συμπεράσματα αυτά προτείνεται δέσμη κατευθυντήριων μέτρων για την άσκηση τοπικών πολιτικών για την βελτίωση των ΕΑΧ στην περιοχή μελέτης, μέσα στοπλαίσιο της ευρωπαϊκής ατζέντας πολιτικής συνοχής 2021 – 2027.
Σημασιολογική επεξεργασία, αναγνώριση προτύπων και μετασχηματισμοί αναζητήσεων στην Ελληνική πατρολογία
Authors: Βάρθης Ευάγγελος
Published: May 2022

Ο σκοπός της παρούσας διδακτορικής διατριβής είναι να ανάδειξει τη μεγάλη συλλογή της Ελληνικής Πατρολογίας του Migne ώστε να είναι προσβάσιμη στον ιστό, και να είναι εφικτό να αναζητηθούν και να βρεθούν οι θεματικές ενότητες ενδιαφέροντος, οι πρωτότυπες πηγές με άμεσο τρόπο, καθώς και να παρέχει εύκολο διαμοιρασμό και ανταλλαγή της πληροφορίας από τον χρήστη. Μελετήθηκε η σχετική βιβλιογραφία, παρατέθηκε το υπόβαθρο της κατάλληλης θεωρίας και προτάθηκαν τρία αντιπροσωπευτικά συστήματα (στόχοι της διατριβής). Τα συστήματα αυτά αντιπροσωπεύουν τους κλάδους α) της αναγνώρισης προτύπων στις σαρωμένες σελίδες της Ελληνικής Πατρολογίας μέσω ειδικής εφαρμογής εντοπισμού λέξεων, β) της αναζήτησης της Ελληνικής Πατρολογίας μέσα από συγκεκριμένους μετασχηματισμούς των κειμένων και γ) της σημασιολογικής επεξεργασίας της Ελληνικής Πατρολογίας μέσω συναφών εκδόσεων όπως η «Κλείς Ελληνικής Πατρολογίας» του Δωρόθεου Σχολάριου. Τα τρία αυτά συστήματα παρατίθενται σε τρείς πλατφόρμες Ιστού για άμεσο πειραματισμό, ανατροφοδότηση και ανάδειξη του έργου της Ελληνικής Πατρολογίας.
Η εκτίμηση των αλλοιώσεων του ενδοτραχήλου με τραχηλοσκόπηση μέσω του υστεροσκοπίου
Authors: Μαδένης Νικόλαος
Published: May 2022

Η μελέτη στοχεύει στο να προταθεί και να επικυρωθεί η ενδοτραχηλοσκόπηση, μια νέα τεχνική για ασθενείς με υψηλού βαθμού πλακώδη ενδοεπιθηλιακή αλλοίωση και μη ικανοποιητική ή αρνητική κολποσκόπηση. Η μελέτη πραγματοποιήθηκε ως προοπτική δοκιμή στη Μαιευτική και Γυναικολογική Κλινική του Πανεπιστημίου Ιωαννίνων. Συμπεριλήφθηκαν εβδομήντα πέντε ασθενείς με επανειλημμένα θετική τραχηλοκολπική κυτταρολογία για πλακώδη ενδοεπιθηλιακή αλλοίωση υψηλού βαθμού και αρνητική ή μη ικανοποιητική κολποσκόπηση. Η ενδοσκοπική αξιολόγηση του ενδοτραχηλικού βλεννογόνου πραγματοποιήθηκε με υστεροσκόπιο συνεχούς ροής κατόπιν εφαρμογής οξικού οξέος 5% (ενδοτραχηλοσκόπηση). Οι ασθενείς που διαγνώσθηκαν με μη φυσιολογικά ευρήματα στον τράχηλο της μήτρας υποβλήθηκαν σε στοχευμένες βιοψίες των ανωμαλιών. Οι αρνητικές κατά την ενδοτραχηλοσκόπηση ασθενείς υποβλήθηκαν σε τυφλή απόξεση του ενδοτραχήλου. Τελικά, και οι δύο ομάδες υποβλήθηκαν σε κωνοειδή εκτομή. Συγκρίθηκαν η ευαισθησία, η ειδικότητα, η ακρίβεια, η θετική προγνωστική αξία και η αρνητική προγνωστική αξία της ενδοτραχηλοσκόπησης με στοχευμένη βιοψία και της απόξεσης. Η ενδοτραχηλοσκόπηση με στοχευμένη βιοψία παρουσίασε ευαισθησία 79%, ειδικότητα 100%, διαγνωστική ακρίβεια 80%, θετική προγνωστική αξία 99% και αρνητική προγνωστική αξία 51%. Η ενδοτραχηλοσκόπηση φαίνεται να είναι μια ασφαλής και αποτελεσματική τεχνική, η οποία βελτιώνει τη διαγνωστική επεξεργασία των τραχηλικών ενδοεπιθηλιακών αλλοιώσεων. Ο ακριβής εντοπισμός των βλαβών επιτρέπει την προσαρμογή του βάθους της εκτομής του κώνου, οδηγώντας έτσι σε μια πιο συντηρητική θεραπεία και διατηρώντας τη μελλοντική γονιμότητα των γυναικών.
Η χρήση της αρχαιολογίας ως μέσου ενδυνάμωσης περιφερειακών περιοχών
Authors: Γιαννίρη Δήμητρα-Κλαίρη
Published: May 2022

Η παρούσα διδακτορική εργασία αφορά στη χρήση της επιστήμης της αρχαιολογίας ως μέσου ενδυνάμωσης περιφερειακών περιοχών, με μελέτη περίπτωσης την ορεινή Κρήτη και συγκεκριμένα το χωριό Ανατολή, Ιεράπετρας. Τα βασικά ερευνητικά ερωτήματα αφορούν: (α) στη σχέση κοινωνίας-αρχαιολογίας και πώς μπορεί αυτή να διαμορφωθεί ώστε να συμβάλει στην ανάπτυξη και των δύο πόλων, (β) στον τρόπο άσκησης της Δημόσιας Αρχαιολογίας στην Ελλάδα από τα ενδιαφερόμενα μέρη, (γ) στο εάν μπορεί να υπάρξει μία προσέγγιση της τοπικής κοινωνίας από τους αρχαιολόγους απαλλαγμένη από τάσεις επιστημονικού ηγεμονισμού, και ποια θα μπορούσε να είναι αυτή, (δ) στο εάν η αρχαιολογία δύναται να συντονιστεί με σύγχρονες ενέργειες στον χώρο του πολιτισμού. Ως κύριο μεθοδολογικό εργαλείο αξιοποιήθηκε η αρχαιολογική εθνογραφία, με έμφαση στη συλλογή προφορικών μαρτυριών μέσω συνεντεύξεων, στη συμμετοχική παρατήρηση και στην οργάνωση εκδηλώσεων. Στόχος της έρευνας είναι η συνειδητοποίηση των πολλαπλών και αμφίδρομων οφελών της εμπλοκής της τοπικής κοινωνίας στο αρχαιολογικό έργο, η ενεργοποίηση της αυτενέργειας από πλευράς της και η εγκαθίδρυση ενός μοντέλου δημόσιας αρχαιολογικής δράσης που θα ανταποκρίνεται στις σύγχρονες ανάγκες της κοινωνίας.
ACE2 expression in saliva of patients with COVID-19 and its association with Candida albicans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Authors: Bachtiar Endang W , Bachtiar Boy M , Kusumaningrum Ardiana , Sunarto Hari , Soeroso Yuniarti , Sulijaya Benso , Apriyanti Efa , Theodorea Citra Fragrantia , Pratomo Irandi Putra , . Yudhistira , Efendi Defi , Razak Fathilah Abdul
Published: May 2022

Background: A relationship between oral microbiota and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection has been extensively studied. However, the relationship between oral commensal flora and expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) remains to be established. In this observational study, we collected saliva from patients with COVID-19 and evaluated the relationship between ACE2 expression and Candida albicans as well as with selected gram-negative bacteria (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Veillonella parvula). We investigated how this may be directly or indirectly involved in oral dysbiosis in patients with COVID-19.

Methods: We included 23 hospitalized patients admitted to Universitas Indonesia Hospital with PCR-confirmed COVID-19, with six healthy participants serving as controls. Saliva and tongue surface swabs were collected from patients with diabetes (DG) and without diabetes (NDG) and subject controls. Using quantitative PCR (qPCR) we assessed the mRNA expression of ACE2, the abundance of C. albicans, and the transcription levels of its biofilm-associated genes, agglutinin-like protein 3 (ALS3), hyphal wall protein 1 (HWP1), and yeast-form wall protein 1 (YWP1). We also counted the relative proportion of the three selected gram-negative oral bacteria in saliva. All analyses were performed to determine the relationship between ACE2 expression and C. albicans and gram-negative bacteria.

Results: ACE2 mRNA expression was significantly higher in tongue swab samples than in saliva. However, no significant difference was observed between the patient groups. Conversely, DG patients had a significantly higher abundance of C. albicans in saliva compared to NDG patients and control group patients. The correlation and sensitivity/specificity relationship between ACE2 expression and C. albicans or the selected oral bacteria were also observed.

Conclusions: The data show that ACE2 expression can be detected in saliva of patients with COVID-19 and its association with C. albicans and gram-negative oral bacteria might contribute toward developing an oral dysbiosis based predictor for prognosis of COVID-19 severity.
Modelling computer assisted audit techniques (CAATs) in enhancing the Indonesian public sector
Authors: Purnamasari Pupung , Amran Noor Afza , Hartanto Rudy
Published: May 2022

Background: This study aims to examine public sector auditors' tendency to use somputer assisted audit techniques (CAATs) in managing their audit works.

Methods: A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed to auditors working in the public sectors in Central Java, West Java, and East Java. From the total, 225 questionnaires were returned and completed.  The Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and Partial Least Square (PLS) were used to analyze the data.

Results: The empirical findings reveal that performance expectation and facilitating conditions have encouraged auditors to use CAATs in their works. Further, there is a positive influence between the intention to use and CAATs audit. This implies that auditors with an intention will be more open to using the CAATs optimally in achieving effective and efficient work. The utilization of CAATs in public services needs to have strong support from the government and positive attitudes from the auditors as the users of the system.

Conclusion: This study covers broad areas of Central Java, West Java, and East Java. Further, the findings add to the literature on emerging markets specifically for Indonesian government auditors' intention and appropriateness of using CAATs. The use of CAATs help to provide auditors information on the highest number of auditees involved in corruption.
Genome of the lepidopleurid chiton Hanleya hanleyi (Mollusca, Polyplacophora)
Authors: Varney Rebecca M. , Yap-Chiongco Meghan K. , Mikkelsen Nina T. , Kocot Kevin M.
Published: May 2022

Mollusca is the second most species-rich phylum and includes animals as disparate as octopuses, clams, and chitons. Dozens of molluscan genomes are available, but only one representative of the subphylum Aculifera, the sister taxon to all other molluscs, has been sequenced to date, hindering comparative and evolutionary studies. To facilitate evolutionary studies across Mollusca, we sequenced the genome of a second aculiferan mollusc, the lepidopleurid chiton Hanleya hanleyi (Bean 1844), using a hybrid approach combining Oxford Nanopore and Illumina reads. After purging redundant haplotigs and removing contamination from this 1.3% heterozygous genome, we produced a 2.5 Gbp haploid assembly (>4X the size of the other chiton genome sequenced to date) with an N50 of 65.0 Kbp. Despite a fragmented assembly, the genome is rather complete (92.0% of BUSCOs detected; 79.4% complete plus 12.6% fragmented). Remarkably, the genome has the highest repeat content of any molluscan genome reported to date (>66%). Our gene annotation pipeline predicted 69,284 gene models (92.9% of BUSCOs detected; 81.8% complete plus 11.1% fragmented) of which 35,362 were supported by transcriptome and/or protein evidence. Phylogenomic analysis recovered Polyplacophora sister to all other sampled molluscs with maximal support. The Hanleya genome will be a valuable resource for studies of molluscan biology with diverse potential applications ranging from evolutionary and comparative genomics to molecular ecology.
An empirical examination of customer advocacy influenced by engagement behaviour and predispositions of FinTech customers in India
Authors: Nayak Kini Archana , Basri Savitha
Published: May 2022

Background: The extensive adoption and usage of emerging technologies furthered by the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has reduced direct face to face communications. New FinTech (financial technology) apps and technologies are flooding the Indian digital payments market and competitors are striving hard to attract and retain their customers. Especially when customer engagement behaviours (CEBs) are digital in nature, it is essential to gauge the intrinsically driven customer motivations which drive a positive CEB. The objective of this paper was to empirically test the influence of customer-based antecedents such as emotions, moral identity, self-concept, communal focus, perceived cost and perceived benefits on non-transactional experiential customer engagement behaviours (CEBs) and CEB’s effect on customer advocacy in the FinTech industry.

Methods: Data from 380 financial app users in south India were gathered by administering a survey that captured customer predispositions, CEBs, and customer advocacy. Structural equation modelling (SEM) using smart PLS (partial least squares) 3.0 was applied to test the theoretical model.

Results: Results indicate that CEB fully mediates the relationship between self-concept and customer advocacy. The positive CEBs get formed through customer predispositions leading to referral/advocacy behaviours.

Conclusions: This paper provides directions for FinTech practitioners, marketers, technologists, and academicians to devise marketing strategies customized to customer needs and factors. This is one of the first research studies to demonstrate and empirically validate the CEB model for the FinTech industry during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Accounting for complexity – Intervention design in the context of studying social accountability for reproductive health
Authors: McMullen Heather , Boydell Victoria , Cordero Joanna Paula , Steyn Petrus S. , Kiarie James , Kinemo Patrick , Monyo Alice , Addah Mary Awelana , Ahuno Jacob Tetteh , Gyamfi Osei-Bonsu
Published: May 2022

Background: Social accountability interventions aim to propel change by raising community voices and holding duty bearers accountable for delivering on rights and entitlements. Evidence on the role of such interventions for improving community health outcomes is steadily emerging, including for sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR). However, these interventions are complex social processes with numerous actors, multiple components, and a highly influential local context. Unsurprisingly, determining the mechanisms of change and what outcomes may be transferable to other similar settings can be a challenge. We report our methodological considerations to account for complexity in a social accountability intervention exploring contraceptive uptake and use in Ghana and Tanzania.

Main Body: The Community and Provider driven Social Accountability Intervention (CaPSAI) study explores the relationship between a health facility-focused social accountability intervention and contraceptive service provision in two countries. This 24-month mixed-method quasi-experimental study, using an interrupted time series with a parallel control group, is being undertaken in 16 sites across Ghana and Tanzania in collaboration with local research and implementation partners. The primary outcomes include changes in contraceptive uptake and use. We also measure outcomes related to current social accountability theories of change and undertake a process evaluation.

We present three design components: aspects of co-design, ‘conceptual’ fidelity, and how we aim to track the intervention as ‘intended vs. implemented’ to explore how the intervention could be responsive to the embedded routines, local contextual realities, and the processual nature of the social accountability intervention.

Conclusions: Through a discussion of these design components and their rationale, we conclude by suggesting approaches to intervention design that may go some way in responding to recent challenges in accounting for social accountability interventions, bearing relevance for evaluating health system interventions.
Methods for evaluating efforts made by governments to prevent and mitigate corporate influence and conflicts of interest in public health policy
Authors: Mialon Mélissa , Bertscher Adam , Bero Lisa , Vandevijvere Stefanie
Published: May 2022

Background: There is evidence that corporations try to delay, weaken, and avoid the adoption of measures that would protect and improve population health. This is particularly true and problematic for health harming industries, such as those producing ultra-processed foods, alcohol, and cigarettes. Financial conflicts of interest (COI) are also problematic in policy-making because they may compromise decision-makers’ loyalty and independent judgment. Public opinion is in favor of preventing and mitigating that influence from corporations and COI on public health policy. A scoping review recently identified twenty-three mechanisms that could be adopted with that purpose and which principally cover: i) transparency and disclosure; ii) identification, monitoring, and education; iii) management; iv) prohibition. There is, however, limited knowledge on the adoption of such mechanisms by governments. We therefore propose new methods for evaluating that progress at the country level.

Methods and expected results: The proposed evaluation comprises five steps: 1) Gathering information about the national context; 2) Gathering evidence on the implementation of mechanisms by national governments; 3) Verification of step 2 by government officials and policy experts and local public health experts; 4) Identification and prioritization of actions in a workshop; 5) Supporting the translation of findings into policy actions.

Conclusions: The evaluation of progress made by governments in their implementation of mechanisms for preventing and mitigating the influence of corporations and COI in public health policy could help countries systematize their efforts, benchmark their progress internationally, and give perspective on particular weaknesses, approaches, and investment gaps needed for change. We will implement and validate our methods in Ireland, as a first case-study.
ISSUES OF MODELING THE FORMATION OF TRAINING AND PROFESSIONAL SUCCESS OF FUTURE OFFICERS OF THE NATIONAL GUARD TROOPS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Dubinin Anatoly V. , Naumov Petr Yu.
Published: May 2022

Relevance. Modeling and application of models as a special method of cognition has gained recognition in many fields of science. This method is also important in pedagogical science, which indicates its constructiveness. At present, a large number of studies have been conducted on the problems of modeling, revealing the use of models and methods for modeling educational activities in military educational organizations of higher education of the troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation.

Materials and methods. The model does not exist by itself, but due to the fact that it is created and used by the researcher as a tool of knowledge in scientific activity. The peculiarity of the modeling method is that the object of study is not studied directly, but by studying the object. Between the researcher and the object of cognition there is a model that reflects only the specific aspects of the process being studied that are of interest to researchers, without completely covering the object under study. Modeling, as a rule, is used when the analogy of the model with the object of pedagogical research reveals new features of the process being studied, thereby giving new knowledge to the researcher.

Results of the study: to test the effectiveness of the constructed model and the formulated pedagogical conditions, we single out emotional-activity, value-semantic, communicative-behavioral, regulatory-motivational criteria and their indicators of the formation of a future officer of the National Guard of the Russian Federation to achieve educational and professional success.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF SKILLS OF THE ABILITY TO ACT IN THE MIND OF JUNIOR SCHOOLCHILDREN STUDYING THE CHESS GAME
Authors: Aliohina Anna V.
Published: May 2022

The article reveals the essence of the concept of “the ability to act in the mind”, which is a fundamental specific component of the human intellect and consists in providing the opportunity to act indirectly with things, that is, to operate with their sign-symbolic images without changing the things themselves. This quality is necessary for the successful implementation of any activity, since it underlies such important components as goal creating and goal setting, the ability to imagine the result in advance, which is the motivation for the student in his research work to successfully master the educational material. The history of appearance and various definitions of this concept are given. The relevance of the article is due to the importance of the widespread introduction of chess in elementary school as an activity that forms and develops the “ability to act in the mind” in primary school age. it is at this age that the formation of two main psychological neoplasms takes place: the arbitrariness of mental processes and the internal plan of action.

The purpose of the article is to describe a comparative study of the development of the ability to act in the mind in junior schoolchildren, studying and not studying chess.

The method or methodology. The study was carried out using the test of T.A. Ogneva «Architect and builders» to determine the predisposition to success in the chess game of younger schoolchildren, method A.Z. Zak «Logical problems» to determine the level of formation of theoretical analysis and internal action plan.

Results. Thanks to the development of the ability to act in the mind, it has been proven that children chess players have better developed this ability and the ability to predict probable solutions in different game situations.

Practical implications. The results of the study can be applied in the field of diagnostics of preschoolers and primary schoolchildren, as well as in general to determine the intellectual and volitional readiness of children to study at school.

Based on the research carried out by means of the test by T.A. Ogneva “Architect and Builders” to determine the predisposition to success in the chess game of junior schoolchildren due to the development of the ability to act in the mind, it was proved that children-chess players have better developed this ability and the ability to predict probable options decisions in different game situations.
USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AS A MEANS OF REVEALING ATTITUDE TO A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
Authors: Olesov Nikolai P. , Torgovkin Vladimir G.
Published: May 2022

Purpose. The article is devoted to the topical issue of the formation of healthy. The article is devoted to the topical issue of identifying attitudes towards a healthy lifestyle in a university, using information technology.

Methodology. Pedagogical observation, self-observation, survey, questioning, testing, scaling, study, generalization and dissemination of advanced pedagogical information technologies.

Result. The article discusses the results of the use of information technology to identify attitudes towards a healthy lifestyle in the university. Improving the system of applying analytical activities in the formation of groups of an elective course in physical culture and sports when choosing an individual learning trajectory. The choice of classes in sports in the conditions of combined (full-time, distance) university education.

In modern conditions, the use of ICT technologies is an effective method in enhancing learning. This is showing presentations, working with tests, videos, fragments and other video information that is used in class directly via the Internet.

The analysis of special literature, documentation, video, computer technologies was used: presentations, work with tests, videos, video information.

Practical implications. The results of the study can be applied in the field of education in general when carrying out organizational activities in physical culture and as a means of identifying attitudes towards a healthy lifestyle of students.
EMOTIONAL BURNOUT SYNDROME OF THE EMPLOYEES OF BUDGET INSTITUTIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH OSSETIA-ALANIA
Authors: Gusova Albina D. , Khabliev German A.
Published: May 2022

Aim. The article is devoted to the study of the professional burnout syndrome of the employees of budget institutions of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. The object of the study is the emotional burnout of the employees of budget institutions of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. The subject of the study is the problems caused by the emotional burnout of the individual and their features.

The scientific novelty is determined by the fact that a study of the emotional burnout of the employees of budget institutions of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania was undertaken for the first time. Content and methods for diagnosing the emotional burnout were established.

Method. Methodology of the study. We applied the method “Diagnostics of the level of emotional burnout V. Boyko”, “State-trait anxiety inventory by C. Spielberg, Y. Hanin”, a questionnaire “Professional (emotional) burnout” (MBI) in adaptation of N. Vodopyanova, the method of K. Maslach and S. Jackson to attain the objectives. We used the Mann-Whitney test to conduct a quantitative analysis of the results of the study.

Results. The results of the diagnostics clearly indicate that the formation of the professional burnout syndrome largely depends on the characteristics of an individual. Formed professional burnout is typical for people who are characterized by increased personal and situational anxiety, low self-esteem, low internality and low intelligence.

After analyzing the significant differences in the groups, the author concludes that dissatisfaction with oneself and exhaustion are more typical for people who face regularly increased mental stress than for people who do not face it.

The application of the results. The research can be applied in the practice of professional education of bachelors and masters of psychology at Russian universities.
Participation Experience of Ural Federal University Department of Human Resource Management and Psychology’s Students in Career Guidance Work Using Social Networks in the Conditions of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kazakova M. , Zaynetdinova I.
Published: May 2022

The article analyzes the practice of the Ural Federal University’s Department of Human resource management and Psychology’s students on career guidance in 2020 and 2021 in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. The relevance of this study is determined by generational peculiarities, the need for career guidance, distance learning and new formats of educational work with students. In the process of writing the following sources were analyzed: reports by undergraduate students, majoring in human resource management, on the implementation of 15 online career guidance projects in social networks. Based on the data obtained, some opportunities for career guidance work, which take into account the peculiarities of the epidemiological situation, were revealed. The authors' proposals are to create additional functions and tools for vocational guidance of schoolchildren and retention of applicants, as well as to offer effective ways of informing potential students and their parents about the human resource management training in new conditions.
Assessment of Digital Competencies University Students: Case of the Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin
Authors: Koneva D. , Lysenko E. , Hoholeva E.
Published: May 2022

In the digital age, digital competence is becoming a factor of professionalism, and its formation is an urgent task of the education system at all levels. The purpose of the article is to present and discuss the results of a study conducted at one of the federal universities of Russia among students - future professionals, regarding the relevance and level of development of digital competence. Using the author's tools, it was revealed that, despite the critical importance of digital competence for future professional activity, the real level of digital competence proficiency is a quarter lower than desired; despite sufficient awareness of digital competencies, the level of their proficiency remains user, not professional; digital competence is a byproduct of online learning formats. All these patterns indicate the absence of a special, systemically organized process of digital competence formation embedded in the educational environment of the university, which makes it necessary to develop and implement a new strategy for achieving digital competence of graduates in order to solve the complex task of integrating professional competence, on the one hand, and digital competence, on the other.
The Attitude of Hotel Employees to Interact With Collaborative Robotic Technologies
Authors: Fedorova A. , Koropec O. , Gazi Halid
Published: May 2022

The adoption of robotic technologies and artificial intelligence is having a significant impact on service businesses. The transformation of work activity and personnel remains the subject of numerous discussions, which determines the relevance of empirical research in this area. The article presents some results of studying the attitude of the Russian hotels’ employees to the possibility of working together with robotic technologies. A self-completion questionnaire was used as a primary data collection tool. 167 forms were completed and were suitable for analysis, the data of which were analyzed using the SPSS software. The results showed that while employees agreed to interact with robotic technologies and indicated that robots are helpful, enjoyable, and productive, they also had concerns that robots would control all work. In addition, the widespread introduction of robots will lead to social problems such as loss of contact with people, which can have a negative impact on psychosocial well-being in the workplace. The results of the study are of practical importance for the owners and managers of enterprises in the hospitality industry and necessitate further in-depth study of the human-machine collaboration in the service sector.
Projective Cutting-Planes for Robust Linear Programming and Cutting Stock Problems
Authors: Porumbel Daniel
Published: May 2022

We explore the Projective Cutting-Planes algorithm proposed in Porumbel (2020) from new angles by applying it to two new problems, that is, to robust linear programming and to a cutting-stock problem with multiple lengths. Projective Cutting-Planes is a generalization of the widely used Cutting-Planes, and it aims at optimizing a linear function over a polytope [Formula: see text] with prohibitively many constraints. The main new idea is to replace the well-known separation subproblem with the following projection subproblem: given an interior point [Formula: see text] and a direction [Formula: see text], find the maximum steplength t such that [Formula: see text]. This enables one to generate a feasible solution at each iteration, a feature that does not exist built-in in a standard Cutting-Planes algorithm. The practical success of this new algorithm does not mainly come from the higher level ideas already presented in Porumbel (2020) . Its success is significantly more dependent on the computation time needed to solve the projection subproblem in practice. Thus, the main challenge addressed by the current paper is the design of new techniques for solving this subproblem very efficiently for different polytopes [Formula: see text]. We first address a well-known robust linear programming problem in which [Formula: see text] is defined as a primal polytope. We then solve a multiple-length cutting stock problem in which [Formula: see text] is a dual polytope defined in a column generation model. Numerical experiments on both these new problems confirm the potential of the proposed ideas. This enables us to draw conclusions supported by numerical results from both the current paper and Porumbel (2020) while also gaining more insight into the dynamics of the algorithm.

Summary of Contribution: The well-known Cutting-Planes algorithm relies on the separation subproblem to cut off the current optimal solution. This paper belongs to a line of work whose goal is to “upgrade” the widely used separation subproblem to the following projection subproblem: given a feasible solution x inside some polytope P and a direction d, what is the maximum t value such that x + td ∈ P. In simple terms, one has to “shoot” from x along direction d up to the point where the boundary of the polytope is hit. The greatest challenge is to solve this projection subproblem rapidly enough to compete well in terms of computational speed with the separation subproblem algorithm. This paper shows how to achieve this on two new problems: robust linear programming and multiple length cutting stock. The numerical results confirm one important advantage offered by the projection logic: it enables one to generate a new feasible interior solution (i.e., x + td) at each iteration. The interior points thus generated actually guide the evolution of the overall algorithm, which is a feature that does not exist (built-in) in a traditional Cutting-Planes algorithm.
The Best of Many Worlds: Dual Mirror Descent for Online Allocation Problems
Authors: Balseiro Santiago R. , Lu Haihao , Mirrokni Vahab
Published: May 2022

A Novel Class of Robust and Fast Algorithms for Online Allocation Problems

A central problem in operations research is allocating limited resources sequentially to maximize cumulative rewards. Applications abound and include network revenue management and internet advertising among many others. Existing data-driven algorithms are tailored for convex settings with either adversarial or stochastic inputs. Many modern applications of online allocations problems, however, are nonconvex. Furthermore, algorithms for adversarial inputs may be too conservative in practice, whereas algorithms for stochastic inputs can perform poorly when the model is misspecified. In the paper “The Best of Many Worlds: Dual Mirror Descent for Online Allocation Problems,” Balseiro, Lu, and Mirrokni present a novel class of algorithms for nonconvex online allocation problems that attain good performance simultaneously in stochastic and adversarial input models and also in various nonstationary settings. The resulting algorithms are simple, fast, and robust to noise and corruption in the observations, in contrast to existing methods from the literature.