bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous sulfide and methane oxidation by an extremophile
Authors: Schmitz Rob A. , Peeters Stijn H. , Mohammadi Sepehr S. , Berben Tom , van Erven Timo , Iosif Carmen A. , van Alen Theo , Versantvoort Wouter , Jetten Mike S. M. , Op den Camp Huub J. M. , Pol Arjan
Published: May 2023

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methane (CH4) are produced in anoxic environments through sulfate reduction and organic matter decomposition. Both gases diffuse upwards into oxic zones where aerobic methanotrophs mitigate CH4 emissions by oxidizing this potent greenhouse gas. Although methanotrophs in myriad environments encounter toxic H2S, it is virtually unknown how they are affected. Here, through extensive chemostat culturing we show that a single microorganism can oxidize CH4 and H2S simultaneously at equally high rates. By oxidizing H2S to elemental sulfur, the thermoacidophilic methanotroph Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum SolV alleviates the inhibitory effects of H2S on methanotrophy. Strain SolV adapts to increasing H2S by expressing a sulfide-insensitive ba3-type terminal oxidase and grows as chemolithoautotroph using H2S as sole energy source. Genomic surveys revealed putative sulfide-oxidizing enzymes in numerous methanotrophs, suggesting that H2S oxidation is much more widespread in methanotrophs than previously assumed, enabling them to connect carbon and sulfur cycles in novel ways.
Synergy of multiple precipitate/matrix interface structures for a heat resistant high-strength Al alloy
Authors: Lu Qiang , Wang Jianchuan , Li Hongcheng , Jin Shenbao , Sha Gang , Lu Jiangbo , Wang Li , Jin Bo , Lan Xinyue , Li Liya , Li Kai , Du Yong
Published: May 2023

High strength aluminum alloys are widely used but their strength is reduced as nano-precipitates coarsen rapidly in medium and high temperatures, which greatly limits their application. Single solute segregation layers at precipitate/matrix interfaces are not satisfactory in stabilizing precipitates. Here we obtain multiple interface structures in an Al-Cu-Mg-Ag-Si-Sc alloy including Sc segregation layers, C and L phases as well as a newly discovered χ-AgMg phase, which partially cover the θ′ precipitates. By atomic resolution characterizations and ab initio calculations, such interface structures have been confirmed to synergistically retard coarsening of precipitates. Therefore, the designed alloy shows the good combination of heat resistance and strength among all series of Al alloys, with 97% yield strength retained after thermal exposure, which is as high as 400 MPa. This concept of covering precipitates with multiple interface phases and segregation layers provides an effective strategy for designing other heat resistant materials.
An mRNA-based T-cell-inducing antigen strengthens COVID-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variants
Authors: Tai Wanbo , Feng Shengyong , Chai Benjie , Lu Shuaiyao , Zhao Guangyu , Chen Dong , Yu Wenhai , Ren Liting , Shi Huicheng , Lu Jing , Cai Zhuming , Pang Mujia , Tan Xu , Wang Penghua , Lin Jinzhong , Sun Qiangming , Peng Xiaozhong , Cheng Gong
Published: May 2023

Herd immunity achieved through mass vaccination is an effective approach to prevent contagious diseases. Nonetheless, emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants with frequent mutations largely evaded humoral immunity induced by Spike-based COVID-19 vaccines. Herein, we develop a lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-formulated mRNA-based T-cell-inducing antigen, which targeted three SARS-CoV-2 proteome regions that enriched human HLA-I epitopes (HLA-EPs). Immunization of HLA-EPs induces potent cellular responses to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in humanized HLA-A*02:01/DR1 and HLA-A*11:01/DR1 transgenic mice. Of note, the sequences of HLA-EPs are highly conserved among SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. In humanized HLA-transgenic mice and female rhesus macaques, dual immunization with the LNP-formulated mRNAs encoding HLA-EPs and the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 variant (RBDbeta) is more efficacious in preventing infection of SARS-CoV-2 Beta and Omicron BA.1 variants than single immunization of LNP-RBDbeta. This study demonstrates the necessity to strengthen the vaccine effectiveness by comprehensively stimulating both humoral and cellular responses, thereby offering insight for optimizing the design of COVID-19 vaccines.
Imaging quantized vortex rings in superfluid helium to evaluate quantum dissipation
Authors: Tang Yuan , Guo Wei , Kobayashi Hiromichi , Yui Satoshi , Tsubota Makoto , Kanai Toshiaki
Published: May 2023

The motion of quantized vortices is responsible for many intriguing phenomena in diverse quantum-fluid systems. Having a theoretical model to reliably predict the vortex motion therefore promises a broad significance. But a grand challenge in developing such a model is to evaluate the dissipative force caused by thermal quasiparticles in the quantum fluids scattering off the vortex cores. Various models have been proposed, but it remains unclear which model describes reality due to the lack of comparative experimental data. Here we report a visualization study of quantized vortex rings propagating in superfluid helium. By examining how the vortex rings spontaneously decay, we provide decisive data to identify the model that best reproduces observations. This study helps to eliminate ambiguities about the dissipative force acting on vortices, which could have implications for research in various quantum-fluid systems that also involve similar forces, such as superfluid neutron stars and gravity-mapped holographic superfluids.
Adolescent stress impairs postpartum social behavior via anterior insula-prelimbic pathway in mice
Authors: Kin Kyohei , Francis-Oliveira Jose , Kano Shin-ichi , Niwa Minae
Published: May 2023

Adolescent stress can be a risk factor for abnormal social behavior in the postpartum period, which critically affects an individual social functioning. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using a mouse model with optogenetics and in vivo calcium imaging, we found that adolescent psychosocial stress, combined with pregnancy and delivery, caused hypofunction of the glutamatergic pathway from the anterior insula to prelimbic cortex (AI-PrL pathway), which altered PrL neuronal activity, and in turn led to abnormal social behavior. Specifically, the AI-PrL pathway played a crucial role during recognizing the novelty of other mice by modulating “stable neurons” in PrL, which were constantly activated or inhibited by novel mice. We also observed that glucocorticoid receptor signaling in the AI-PrL pathway had a causal role in stress-induced postpartum changes. Our findings provide functional insights into a cortico-cortical pathway underlying adolescent stress-induced postpartum social behavioral deficits.
Oceanic mesoscale eddies as crucial drivers of global marine heatwaves
Authors: Bian Ce , Jing Zhao , Wang Hong , Wu Lixin , Chen Zhaohui , Gan Bolan , Yang Haiyuan
Published: May 2023

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are prolonged extreme warm water events in the ocean, exerting devastating impacts on marine ecosystems. A comprehensive knowledge of physical processes controlling MHW life cycles is pivotal to improve MHW forecast capacity, yet it is still lacking. Here, we use a historical simulation from a global eddy-resolving climate model with improved representation of MHWs, and show that heat flux convergence by oceanic mesoscale eddies acts as a dominant driver of MHW life cycles over most parts of the global ocean. In particular, the mesoscale eddies make an important contribution to growth and decay of MHWs, whose characteristic spatial scale is comparable or even larger than that of mesoscale eddies. The effect of mesoscale eddies is spatially heterogeneous, becoming more dominant in the western boundary currents and their extensions, the Southern Ocean, as well as the eastern boundary upwelling systems. This study reveals the crucial role of mesoscale eddies in controlling the global MHW life cycles and highlights that using eddy-resolving ocean models is essential, albeit not necessarily fully sufficient, for accurate MHW forecasts.
Ant venoms contain vertebrate-selective pain-causing sodium channel toxins
Authors: Robinson Samuel D. , Deuis Jennifer R. , Touchard Axel , Keramidas Angelo , Mueller Alexander , Schroeder Christina I. , Barassé Valentine , Walker Andrew A. , Brinkwirth Nina , Jami Sina , Bonnafé Elsa , Treilhou Michel , Undheim Eivind A. B. , Schmidt Justin O. , King Glenn F. , Vetter Irina
Published: May 2023

Stings of certain ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) can cause intense, long-lasting nociception. Here we show that the major contributors to these symptoms are venom peptides that modulate the activity of voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels, reducing their voltage threshold for activation and inhibiting channel inactivation. These peptide toxins are likely vertebrate-selective, consistent with a primarily defensive function. They emerged early in the Formicidae lineage and may have been a pivotal factor in the expansion of ants.
Concurrent multi-peak Bragg coherent x-ray diffraction imaging of 3D nanocrystal lattice displacement via global optimization
Authors: Maddali Siddharth , Frazer Travis D. , Delegan Nazar , Harmon Katherine J. , Sullivan Sean E. , Allain Marc , Cha Wonsuk , Dibos Alan , Poudyal Ishwor , Kandel Saugat , Nashed Youssef S. G. , Heremans F. Joseph , You Hoydoo , Cao Yue , Hruszkewycz Stephan O.
Published: May 2023

In this paper we demonstrated a method to reconstruct vector-valued lattice distortion fields within nanoscale crystals by optimization of a forward model of multi-reflection Bragg coherent diffraction imaging (MR-BCDI) data. The method flexibly accounts for geometric factors that arise when making BCDI measurements, is amenable to efficient inversion with modern optimization toolkits, and allows for globally constraining a single image reconstruction to multiple Bragg peak measurements. This is enabled by a forward model that emulates the multiple Bragg peaks of a MR-BCDI experiment from a single estimate of the 3D crystal sample. We present this forward model, we implement it within the stochastic gradient descent optimization framework, and we demonstrate it with simulated and experimental data of nanocrystals with inhomogeneous internal lattice displacement. We find that utilizing a global optimization approach to MR-BCDI affords a reliable path to convergence of data which is otherwise challenging to reconstruct.
Solar technology‒closed loop synergy facilitates low-carbon circular bioeconomy in microalgal wastewater treatment
Authors: Kuppan Praveen , Sudharsanam Abinandan , Venkateswarlu Kadiyala , Megharaj Mallavarapu
Published: May 2023

The circular bioeconomy framework addresses the global transition toward resource-efficient and low-carbon economies. The use of microalgae in sustainable circular bioeconomy largely suffers from energy consumption and underutilization of residual biomass, leading to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This analysis-based perspective reveals that closed loop microalgal wastewater systems reduce GHG emissions by >50% and enhance valorization of residual biomass for value-added products compared to open loop approach. Integrating solar technologies in closed loop system further reduces GHG emissions by 99% and aligns with 11 UN sustainable development goals, making it a suitable model for a zero-waste and low-carbon circular bioeconomy.
Eighteen years of upland grassland carbon flux data: reference datasets, processing, and gap-filling procedure
Authors: Winck Bruna R. , Bloor Juliette M. G. , Klumpp Katja
Published: May 2023

Plant-atmosphere exchange fluxes of CO2 measured with the Eddy covariance method are used extensively for the assessment of ecosystem carbon budgets worldwide. The present paper describes eddy flux measurements for a managed upland grassland in Central France studied over two decades (2003–2021). We present the site meteorological data for this measurement period, and we describe the pre-processing and post-processing approaches used to overcome issues of data gaps, commonly associated with long-term EC datasets. Recent progress in eddy flux technology and machine learning now paves the way to produce robust long-term datasets, based on normalised data processing techniques, but such reference datasets remain rare for grasslands. Here, we combined two gap-filling techniques, Marginal Distribution Sampling (short gaps) and Random Forest (long gaps), to complete two reference flux datasets at the half-hour and daily-scales respectively. The resulting datasets are valuable for assessing the response of grassland ecosystems to (past) climate change, but also for model evaluation and validation with respect to future global change research with the carbon-cycle community.
Semantic modeling of cell damage prediction: a machine learning approach at human-level performance in dermatology
Authors: Wagner Patrick , Springenberg Maximilian , Kröger Marius , Moritz Rose K. C. , Schleusener Johannes , Meinke Martina C. , Ma Jackie
Published: May 2023

Machine learning is transforming the field of histopathology. Especially in classification related tasks, there have been many successful applications of deep learning already. Yet, in tasks that rely on regression and many niche applications, the domain lacks cohesive procedures that are adapted to the learning processes of neural networks. In this work, we investigate cell damage in whole slide images of the epidermis. A common way for pathologists to annotate a score, characterizing the degree of damage for these samples, is the ratio between healthy and unhealthy nuclei. The annotation procedure of these scores, however, is expensive and prone to be noisy among pathologists. We propose a new measure of damage, that is the total area of damage, relative to the total area of the epidermis. In this work, we present results of regression and segmentation models, predicting both scores on a curated and public dataset. We have acquired the dataset in collaborative efforts with medical professionals. Our study resulted in a comprehensive evaluation of the proposed damage metrics in the epidermis, with recommendations, emphasizing practical relevance for real world applications.
2D tunable all-solid-state random laser in the visible
Authors: Kumar Bhupesh , Homri Ran , Sebbah Patrick
Published: May 2023

A two-dimensional (2D) solid-state random laser emitting in the visible is demonstrated, in which optical feedback is provided by a controlled disordered arrangement of air-holes in a dye-doped polymer film. We find an optimal scatterer density for which threshold is minimum and scattering is the strongest. We show that the laser emission can be red-shifted by either decreasing scatterer density or increasing pump area. We show that spatial coherence is easily controlled by varying pump area. Such a 2D random laser provides with a compact on-chip tunable laser source and a unique platform to explore non-Hermitian photonics in the visible.
Bivariate logistic regression model diagnostics applied to analysis of outlier cancer patients with comorbid diabetes and hypertension in Malawi
Authors: Kaombe Tsirizani M. , Banda Jonathan Chiwanda , Hamuza Gracious A. , Muula Adamson S.
Published: May 2023

The joint occurrence of diabetes and hypertension conditions in a patient is common. The two diseases share a number of risk factors, and are hence usually modelled concurrently using bivariate logistic regression. However, the postestimation assessment for the model, such as analysis of outlier observations, is seldom carried out. In this article, we apply outlier detection methods for multivariate data models to study characteristics of cancer patients with joint outlying diabetes and hypertension outcomes observed from among 398 randomly selected cancer patients at Queen Elizabeth and Kamuzu Central Hospitals in Malawi. We used R software version 4.2.2 to perform the analyses and STATA version 12 for data cleaning. The results showed that one patient was an outlier to the bivariate diabetes and hypertension logit model. The patient had both diabetes and hypertension and was based in rural area of the study population, where it was observed that comorbidity of the two diseases was uncommon. We recommend thorough analysis of outlier patients to comorbid diabetes and hypertension before rolling out interventions for managing the two diseases in cancer patients to avoid misaligned interventions. Future research could perform the applied diagnostic assessments for the bivariate logit model on a wider and larger dataset of the two diseases.
Sting and p53 DNA repair pathways are compromised in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Nelson Thomas J. , Xu Yunhui
Published: May 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. A common finding in AD is DNA damage. Double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) are particularly hazardous to neurons because their post-mitotic state forces neurons to rely on error-prone and potentially mutagenic mechanisms to repair DNA breaks. However, it remains unclear whether DNA damage results from increased DNA damage or failure of DNA repair. Oligomerization of the tumor suppressor protein p53 is an essential part of DSB repair, and p53 phosphorylated on S15 is an indicator of DNA damage. We report that the monomer:dimer ratio of phosphorylated (S15) p53 is increased by 2.86-fold in temporal lobes of AD patients compared to age-matched controls, indicating that p53 oligomerization is compromised in AD. In vitro oxidation of p53 with 100 nM H2O2 produced a similar shift in the monomer:dimer ratio. A COMET test showed a higher level of DNA degradation in AD consistent with double-strand DNA damage or inhibition of repair. Protein carbonylation was also elevated (190% of control), indicating elevated oxidative stress in AD patients. Levels of the DNA repair support protein 14-3-3σ, γ-H2AX, a phosphorylated histone marking double strand DNA breaks, and phosphorylated ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein were all increased. cGAS-STING-interferon signaling was impaired in AD and was accompanied by a depletion of STING protein from Golgi and a failure to elevate interferon despite the presence of DSBs. The results suggest that oxidation of p53 by ROS could inhibit the DDR and decrease its ability to orchestrate DSB repair by altering the oligomerization state of p53. The failure of immune-stimulated DNA repair may contribute to cell loss in AD and suggests new therapeutic targets for AD.
Evaluating the effect of gamma rays on Zamiifolia (Zamioculcas zamiifolia) plant in vitro and genetic diversity of the resulting genotypes using the ISSR marker
Authors: Beyramizadeh Ebrahim , Arminian Ali , Fazeli Arash
Published: May 2023

Zamiifolia (Zamioculcas sp.) is a perennial plant in the Araceae family and one of the new apartment plants in the world. In this study, in order to increase the effectiveness of the breeding program, tissue culture technique and explants of leaf parts were used. The results indicated that 2,4-D (1 mg/l) and BA (2 mg/l) hormones affected positively and significantly callus formation and simultaneous application of NAA and BA (both in 0.5 mg/l) caused the best results regarding seedling production and number, leaves, complete tubers, and root in tissue culture of Zaamifolia. In the study, three cultivars of Zamiifolia (green, black and Dutch) and 12 genotypes resulted from callus formation stage, irradiated with different gamma rays (0 to 175 Gy, with LD50 as 68 Gy) were selected and the presence of genetic diversity was investigated using 22 ISSR primers. Applying ISSR marker showed that the highest amount of PIC values related to the F19(0.47) and F20(0.38) primers, which persuasively isolated the studied genotypes. Moreover, the highest efficiency was detected for AK66 marker based on the MI parameter. The PCA and clustering categorization via UPGMA methodology based on molecular information and Dice index, differentiated the genotypes into 6 groups. Genotypes 1(callus), 2(100 Gy) and 3(cultivar from Holland) created separated groups. The 4th group included 6(callus), 8(0 Gy), 9(75 Gy), 11(90 Gy), 12(100 Gy) and 13(120 Gy) genotypes appearing as the largest group. The 5th group included 7(160 Gy), 10(80 Gy), 14(140 Gy) and 15(Zanziber gem black) genotypes. The last group included 4(mather plant) and 5(callus) genotypes. In this context, genotypes 1, 5, and 6 had probably somaclonal variation. Moreover, genotypes that received doses of 100 and 120 Gy, had a medium diversity. There is a high possibility of introducing a cultivar with a low dose and high genetic diversity in the whole group. Genotype 7 in this classification, received the highest dose of 160 Gy. In this population, the Dutch variety, was used as a new variety. As a result, the ISSR marker could correctly group the genotypes. This is an interesting finding, and it could be hypothesized that the ISSR marker could correctly differentiate Zaamifolia genotypes and probably other ornamental plants under the effect of gamma rays mutagenesis in order to achieve novel variants.
Silver cation tagged on 5,7,12,14-tetraphenyl-6,13-diazapentacene and its dihydro-form
Authors: Kinzelmann Marina , Oschwald Johannes , Elsen Holger , Warmbrunn Vera , Hauschild Miriam , Harder Sjoerd , Kivala Milan , Drewello Thomas
Published: May 2023

[1 : 1] and [1 : 2] Ag+complexes with 5,7,12,14-tetraphenyl-6,13-diazapentacene and its reduced dihydro-form have been studied in gas-phase energy-resolved collision experiments in conjunction with DFT calculations.
Performance-limiting formation kinetics in green water-processed perovskite solar cells
Authors: Zhai Peng , Ren Lixia , Zhang Yanrui , Xu Zhuo , Wu Yin , Zhao Kui , Zhang Lu , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: May 2023

Halide-free lead nanofluids (NFs) are prepared to optimize the formation kinetics of perovskites based on a green aqueous precursor (Pb(NO3)2/H2O) system via a grain refinement strategy.
Bayesian optimisation for efficient material discovery: a mini review
Authors: Jin Yimeng , Kumar Priyank V.
Published: May 2023

Bayesian optimisation (BO) has been increasingly utilised to guide material discovery.
Diffraction-limited mid-infrared microspectroscopy to reveal a micron-thick interfacial water layer signature
Authors: Mozhdehei Armin , Slodczyk Aneta , Almklov Magnussen Eirik , Kohler Achim , Sandt Christophe , Borondics Ferenc , Mercury Lionel
Published: May 2023

The potential of a supercontinuum laser besides synchrotron radiation to conduct high-resolution, diffraction limited FTIR measurements and to record a micron thick interfacial water layer near the solid surface.
A fluorescent probe for lipid droplet polarity imaging with low viscosity crosstalk
Authors: Lin Bo , Li Zhenru , Zan Qi , Fan Li , Shu Yang , Wang Jianhua
Published: May 2023

Evaluating the variations of lipid droplet polarity by a fluorescent probe with high selectivity and accuracy.
An on-line heart-cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography method for intracellular 2-hydroxyglutarate enantiomers
Authors: Ohtawa Takuma , Tsunoda Makoto
Published: May 2023

An analytical method for 2-hydroxyglutarate 2-HG enantiomers was developed using on-line heart-cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) with fluorescence detection.
Electroanalytical overview: the sensing of hydroxylamine
Authors: Adarakatti Prashanth S. , Crapnell Robert D. , Banks Craig E.
Published: May 2023

In this minireview we overview the endeavors for the electroanalytical sensing of hydroxylamine.
Olefin hydroboration catalyzed by an iron-borane complex
Authors: Grose Laura A. , Willcox Darren
Published: May 2023

Metal–Ligand cooperativity using a well-defined iron(0)complex catalyzes olefin hydroboration.
Nanophase-photocatalysis: loading, storing, and release of H2O2 using graphitic carbon nitride
Authors: Karunakaran Akalya , Francis Katie J. , Bowen Chris R. , Ball Richard J. , Zhao Yuanzhu , Wang Lina , McKeown Neil B. , Carta Mariolino , Fletcher Philip J. , Castaing Remi , Isaacs Mark A. , Hardwick Laurence J. , Cabello Gema , Sazanovich Igor V. , Marken Frank
Published: May 2023

Nanophase water in layered g-C3N4 leads to photochemical formation of H2O2 for future release into aqueous media.
CRISPR-Cas12a coupled with cyclic reverse transcription for amplified detection of miRNA
Authors: Long Xi , Li Jiacheng , Luo Tong , Liu Hui , Deng Zhiwei , Ding Jiacheng , Gong Zan , Yang Yanjing , Zhong Shian
Published: May 2023

In this work, we present a highly sensitive, specific, and versatile method to quantify miRNA expression by coupling CRISPR-Cas12a with cyclic reverse transcription (CRT), termed as CRISPR-CRT.
Iodine-mediated photoinduced tuneable disulfonylation and sulfinylsulfonylation of alkynes with sodium arylsulfinates
Authors: Reddy Mandapati Bhargava , McGarrigle Eoghan M.
Published: May 2023

The iodine-mediated reaction of alkynes with sodium arylsulfinates under blue light irradiation gives either disulfonylation or sulfinylsulfonation depending on reaction conditions.
Chloroacetyl boronate N-tosylhydrazone as a versatile synthetic building block
Authors: Miyazaki Ryuya , Muto Kei , Yamaguchi Junichiro
Published: May 2023

We herein report the development of chloroacetyl boronate N-tosylhydrazone as a versatile synthetic building block.
Synthesis of highly regular dandelion-like hydroxyapatite particles—a Taguchi experimental design approach
Authors: Sadat-Shojai Mehdi , Kalantari-Lalari Mohammad , Asadnia Milad
Published: May 2023

This study provides a method for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite having a highly regular dandelion-like morphology with high degree of phase purity.
Advanced kinetic calculations with multi-path variational transition state theory for reactions between dimethylamine and nitrogen dioxide in atmospheric and combustion temperature ranges
Authors: Shang Yanlei
Published: May 2023

Rate constants of the reactions between dimethyl amine (DMA) and NO2 are accurately determined using the advanced multi-path canonical variational theory with a small-curvature tunneling correction.
Non-monotonic first-cycle irreversible capacity governed by delithiation depth in Li-rich layered cathodes
Authors: Fang Liang , Han Daseul , Kang Seongkoo , Heo Un-Seon , Nam Kyung-Wan , Kang Yong-Mook
Published: May 2023

Understanding the composition and properties of the first cycle irreversible capacity in Li-rich layered oxides is crucial for stimulating the full energy potential of these promising high-energy-density cathodes.
Changes in dissolved organic matter and oxygen consumption in different bank filtration simulations at different scales
Authors: Zeeshan Muhammad , Klitzke Sondra , Ruhl Aki Sebastian
Published: May 2023

Both concentrations and compositions of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and the availability of oxygen affect transformation processes in close-to-nature drinking water treatments such as bank filtration and artificial groundwater infiltration.
Concomitant inhibition of TLR-4 and SGLT2 by phloretin and empagliflozin prevents diabetes-associated ischemic acute kidney injury
Authors: Shelke Vishwadeep , Kale Ajinath , Dagar Neha , Habshi Tahib , Gaikwad Anil Bhanudas
Published: May 2023

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes-associated kidney diseases.
Selective C–C bond cleavage of oxidized lignin in an aqueous phase under mild conditions
Authors: Hu Yuzhen , Cui Yanbin , Zhao Shuoxiao , Zhao Xuelai , Hu Xiaohong , Song Zhenlong , Fan Wei , Zhang Qi
Published: May 2023

Efficient and selective C–C cleavage offers the potential to depolymerize lignin under mild and green conditions to form valuable chemicals.
A room temperature dissolution solvent and its mechanism for natural biopolymers: hydrogen bonding interaction investigation
Authors: Tong Zhihan , Zeng Suqing , Tang Hongying , Wang Wen , Sun Yaxu , Xia Qinqin , Yu Haipeng
Published: May 2023

Hydrogen bonds (HBs) are vital construction fundamentals of natural biopolymers.
Boosting water evaporation via continuous formation of a 3D thin film through triple-level super-wicking routes
Authors: Jiang Guochen , Wang Lizhong , Tian Ze , Chen Changhao , Hu Xinyu , Peng Rui , Li Daizhou , Zhang Hongjun , Fan Peixun , Zhong Minlin
Published: May 2023

3D continuous thin-film water evaporation was achieved by forming “micro-steam volcanoes” featured with triple-level super-wicking routes, exhibiting great performance in solar-steam generation, electrothermal evaporation, and evaporative cooling.
Scalable microfluidic fabrication of vertically aligned two-dimensional nanosheets for superior thermal management
Authors: Yang Kai , Yang Xiaoran , Liu Zexin , Zhang Rong , Yue Yue , Wang Fanfan , Li Kangyong , Shi Xiaojie , Yuan Jun , Liu Ningyu , Wang Zhiqiang , Wang Gongkai , Xin Guoqing
Published: May 2023

Two-dimensional nanosheets with a highly ordered vertical alignment in high-aspect-ratio microchannels under strong channel size confinement and high flow shear stress enable superior thermal management performance.
Polysaccharide restriction on bipyridyl isomers for multicolor emissions
Authors: Quan Minhao , Chen Hongni , Jiang Zhenjie , Wang Xuchao , Long Xiaojing , Xia Yanzhi
Published: May 2023

Based on the marine-derived alginate, a polysaccharide restriction on bipyridyl isomers has been developed. Colorful emitting polysaccharides are obtained and the mechanism is also revealed, which is promising for the textile and bioimaging fields.
Synthetic strategies for nonporous organosilica nanoparticles from organosilanes
Authors: Zou Hua , Ren Yuhang
Published: May 2023

The strategies used for the preparation of organosilica nanoparticles directly from organosilanes are summarized comprehensively.
Trace detection of chiral J-aggregated molecules adsorbed on single Au nanorods
Authors: Lin Xingyue , Zhou Yuhan , Pan Xinyang , Zhang Qin , Hu Ningneng , Li Hao , Wang Le , Xue Qi , Zhang Wei , Ni Weihai
Published: May 2023

We demonstrated the trace detection of chiral J-aggregated molecules adsorbed on individual Au nanorods, and found that the circular dichroism of the strongly coupled molecules can be amplified to a detectable level.
Synthesis of bis-spiro piperidines using nano γ-alumina supported Sb(v) under ultrasonic irradiation at room temperature conditions
Authors: Aghamohammadsadegh Maryam , Bamoniri Abdolhamid , Mirjalili Bi Bi Fatemeh
Published: May 2023

Group VA metalloid ion Lewis acids, Sb(v) was identified as a highly potent catalyst for the one-pot three-component synthesis of bis-spiro piperidine derivatives.
Hemoglobin-stabilized gold nanoclusters displaying oxygen transport ability, self-antioxidation, auto-fluorescence properties and long-term storage potential
Authors: Cun Xingli , Jansman Michelle M. T. , Liu Xiaoli , Boureau Victor , Thulstrup Peter W. , Hosta-Rigau Leticia
Published: May 2023

Protein-protected ultra-small gold nanoclusters (Hb@AuNCs) using hemoglobin as a stabilizer and reductant were synthesized. The Hb@AuNCs can reversibly bind and release oxygen, decrease methemoglobin conversion, and emit red fluorescence.
Design, synthesis, and characterization of non-hemolytic antimicrobial peptides related to human cathelicidin LL-37
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Rajavenkatesh , Adhikari Priyanka , Anaikutti Parthiban
Published: May 2023

We designed and synthesised the N-terminally labeled cationic and hydrophobic peptides, i.e., FFKKSKEKIGKEFKKIVQKI (P1) and FRRSRERIGREFRRIVQRI (P2) related to the human cathelicidin LL-37 peptide.
Boosting the mechanocatalytic hydrolysis of cellulose by using a vibratory disc mill and clay minerals
Authors: Mori Takeshi , Ogawa Yuta , Yoshida Seiichio , Sasaki Takema , Matsushima Keiichiro
Published: May 2023

Surface grinding using a vibratory disc mill boosts mechanocatalytic hydrolysis of cellulose. Water-soluble celluloses can be obtained with a high yield (>99%).
Promoting water formation in sulphate-functionalized Ru for efficient hydrogen oxidation reaction under alkaline electrolytes
Authors: Yang Chaoyi , Li Yunbo , Yue Jianchao , Cong Hengjiang , Luo Wei
Published: May 2023

A sulphate functionalized Ru catalyst (Ru-SO4) with a decreased energy barrier of water formation has been constructed for effective alkaline hydrogen oxidation electrocatalysis.
Harnessing ion–dipole interactions: a simple and effective approach to high-performance lithium receptors
Authors: Xu Chengkai , Tran Quy , Wojtas Lukasz , Liu Wenqi
Published: May 2023

Incorporating strong ion–dipole interactions within acyclic molecular frameworks can remarkably enhance both binding affinity and selectivity for lithium ion, offering a simple and effective strategy for developing high-performance lithium receptors.
Correction: Blood brain barrier permeable gold nanocluster for targeted brain imaging and therapy: an in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Nair L. V. , Nair R. V. , Shenoy S. J. , Thekkuveettil A. , Jayasree R. S.
Published: May 2023

Correction for ‘Blood brain barrier permeable gold nanocluster for targeted brain imaging and therapy: an in vitro and in vivo study’ by L. V. Nair et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2017, 5, 8314–8321, https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TB02247F.
Diffusion of Brønsted acidic dopants in conjugated polymers
Authors: Nguyen Phong H. , Schmithorst Michael B. , Mates Thomas E. , Segalman Rachel A. , Chabinyc Michael L.
Published: May 2023

An examination of the mechanism of electrical doping of films of poly(3-hexylthiophene) by a strong Brønsted acids reveals a heavily doped surface layer that limits diffusion of the acid into the bulk.
Laser-driven NIR light source based on MgO:Cr3+,Ni2+ phosphor-in-glass film for NIR spectroscopy application
Authors: Gu Simin , Liu Bomei , Si Shuaichen , Wang Jing
Published: May 2023

A laser-driven NIR light source achieves effective NIR output optical power density under higher incident optical power density than NIR pc-LED, opening up a new avenue for the exploration of NIR spectroscopy technology.
Essential metabolism required for T and B lymphocyte functions: an update
Authors: Diniz Vinicius Leonardo Sousa , Alvares-Saraiva Anuska Marcelino , Serdan Tamires Duarte Afonso , dos Santos-Oliveira Laiane Cristina , Cruzat Vinicius , Lobato Tiago Bertola , Manoel Richelieau , Alecrim Amanda Lins , Machado Otavio Augusto , Hirabara Sandro M. , Masi Laureane Nunes , Pithon-Curi Tania Cristina , Curi Rui , Gorjão Renata , Newsholme Philip
Published: May 2023

Lymphocytes act as regulatory and effector cells in inflammation and infection situations. A metabolic switch towards glycolytic metabolism predominance occurs during T lymphocyte differentiation to inflammatory phenotypes (Th1 and Th17 cells). Maturation of T regulatory cells, however, may require activation of oxidative pathways. Metabolic transitions also occur in different maturation stages and activation of B lymphocytes. Under activation, B lymphocytes undergo cell growth and proliferation, associated with increased macromolecule synthesis. The B lymphocyte response to an antigen challenge requires an increased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) supply derived mainly through glycolytic metabolism. After stimulation, B lymphocytes increase glucose uptake, but they do not accumulate glycolytic intermediates, probably due to an increase in various metabolic pathway ‘end product’ formation. Activated B lymphocytes are associated with increased utilization of pyrimidines and purines for RNA synthesis and fatty acid oxidation. The generation of plasmablasts and plasma cells from B lymphocytes is crucial for antibody production. Antibody production and secretion require increased glucose consumption since 90% of consumed glucose is needed for antibody glycosylation. This review describes critical aspects of lymphocyte metabolism and functional interplay during activation. We discuss the primary fuels for the metabolism of lymphocytes and the particularities of T and B cell metabolism, including the differentiation of lymphocytes, stages of development of B cells, and the production of antibodies.
Data‐driven iterative learning trajectory tracking control for wheeled mobile robot under constraint of velocity saturation
Authors: Bu Xiaodong , Dai Xisheng , Hou Rui
Published: May 2023

Considering the wheeled mobile robot (WMR) tracking problem with velocity saturation, we developed a data‐driven iterative learning double loop control method with constraints. First, the authors designed an outer loop controller to provide virtual velocity for the inner loop according to the position and pose tracking error of the WMR kinematic model. Second, the authors employed dynamic linearisation to transform the dynamic model into an online data‐driven model along the iterative domain. Based on the measured input and output data of the dynamic model, the authors identified the parameters of the inner loop controller. The authors considered the velocity saturation constraints; we adjusted the output velocity of the WMR online, providing effective solutions to the problem of velocity saltation and the saturation constraint in the tracking process. Notably, the inner loop controller only uses the output data and input of the dynamic model, which not only enables the reliable control of WMR trajectory tracking, but also avoids the influence of inaccurate model identification processes on the tracking performance. The authors analysed the algorithm's convergence in theory, and the results show that the tracking errors of position, angle and velocity can converge to zero in the iterative domain. Finally, the authors used a simulation to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Review of multiport modular multilevel converters for residential applications: A control perspective
Authors: Adams Stephan , Sera Dezso , Walker Geoffrey , Broadmeadow Mark
Published: May 2023

Distributed generation and storage systems have become important in the residential building environment. One of the more promising power electronic interfaces between these systems and the grid/building are multiport modular multilevel converters (MPMMCs). These converters can potentially improve efficiency and flexibility, however their control can pose challenges. Here, MPMMC topologies will be reviewed and analysed from a control standpoint (i.e. what control structures they require and what control outcomes they can achieve). This paper first determines a criteria for selecting a MPMMC for a residential building. It then presents a set of review criteria that can be used as guide for future multiport multilevel modular converters. It then applies these review criteria to analyse the converters that passed the selection criteria. Based on a detailed comparison of these topologies an appropriate multiport modular multilevel solution can be arrived at for a given application.
La prévention du cancer du col utérin
Authors: Bergeron Christine , Orth Gérard
Published: May 2023

Le dépistage du cancer du col de l’utérus concerne les femmes âgées de 25 à 65 ans. Il consiste à recueillir des cellules en frottant le col utérin avec une spatule. Le matériel biologique prélevé est ensuite déposé directement sur lame ou après l’avoir dilué dans un conservateur et cytocentrifugé (cytologie en milieu liquide). Il est ensuite analysé au microscope. En juillet 2019, la Haute autorité de santé a recommandé de rechercher l’ADN des types de papillomavirus humains (human papillomavirus, HPV) à haut risque ou potentiellement oncogènes, par PCR (test HPV HR), comme première étape du dépistage après l’âge de 30 ans. Ce test est plus sensible que la cytologie pour diagnostiquer une lésion histologique malpighienne intraépithéliale de haut grade, et plus efficace pour prévenir les cancers invasifs. Lorsque ce test est positif, une analyse cytologique sur le même prélèvement est réalisée afin de sélectionner les patientes nécessitant une colposcopie. Le deuxième volet de la prévention du cancer du col utérin repose sur la vaccination. Nous discutons, dans cette revue, l’importance de la détection des lésions du col utérin et le rôle des HPV.
Séquençage d’ADN, la fin d’un quasi-monopole ?
Authors: Jordan Bertrand
Published: May 2023

DNA sequencing costs have steadily decreased during the last decade, but the dominant technology (short-read sequencing, Illumina) has seen comparatively little competition after an initial flurry. This phase is now over, with serious competition involving both established and new companies as well as the growing importance of long-read sequencing. The hundred-dollar genome is in sight, and this will have a major impact on many fields of biology.
Microbiote et miARN intestinaux
Authors: Labouret Mathilde , Meinzer Ulrich , Viennois Émilie
Published: May 2023

L’arthrite juvénile idiopathique (AJI) est une maladie inflammatoire chronique caractérisée par la présence d’une ou plusieurs arthrites (inflammations des articulations) chez l’enfant. Les mécanismes exacts responsables de son développement restent inconnus. Pour de nombreuses maladies inflammatoires, un dialogue altéré entre le microbiote intestinal et son hôte est un élément clé de leur physiopathologie. Les micro-ARN (miARN) fécaux, de petits ARN non codants synthétisés par l’hôte que l’on retrouve dans les fèces, semblent jouer un rôle important dans ce dialogue. Dans l’AJI, si la présence d’une dysbiose et d’une modification du profil des miARN présents dans le sang, dans les cellules et les articulations ont été établies, les spécificités des miARN fécaux des patients n’ont pas été étudiées. Nous discutons, dans cette revue, l’intérêt d’une étude concomitante des miARN fécaux et du microbiote intestinal ches les patients atteints d’AJI, un concept qui apparaît essentiel pour la compréhension de la physiopathologie de cette maladie.
Like, Comment, and Share: Speech-Language Pathologists' Use of Social Media for Clinical Decision Making
Authors: Diehm Emily A. , Hall-Mills Shannon
Published: May 2023

Many social media sites are dedicated for speech-language pathologists (SLPs); however, the extent to which SLPs utilize them in clinical decision making and evidence-based practice (EBP) is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to explore SLPs' use of traditional and modern resources, including social media, within clinical decision making for assessment and intervention practices. Using a stratified random sampling approach, we invited school-based SLPs in Florida and Ohio and on pediatric-focused, SLP Facebook sites to complete an online survey. The majority (N = 271) reported using social media for professional purposes at least once per week: most frequently Facebook (19–25% of SLPs) or Pinterest (15–18% of SLPs) to learn about new treatment ideas or resources for (12–18%) or read others' summaries of treatment-related research (8–11%), but rarely to pose or answer a clinical question (3–5%). The number of reasons for one's professional social media use was moderately correlated with frequency of social media use, traditional EBP training, and reading a greater number of articles from ASHA and other sources. The results warrant further consideration of how to leverage social media as a tool to increase SLPs' knowledge and implementation of EBP.
Facilitators and Barriers to Speech Intervention of Patients with Orofacial Cleft in the Philippines: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Chan Kerwyn Jim C. , Adique Larissa Christia F. , Reyes-Brander Kathy B. , Maristela Steven Angelo J. , Tort Ken Kristoffer A.
Published: May 2023

Most individuals with orofacial cleft require various healthcare services, including speech therapy. However, Filipino patients constantly face challenges in availing these services due to limitations in the healthcare system of the Philippines. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of patients with orofacial cleft on the factors that may serve as facilitators and barriers to speech intervention. A descriptive phenomenological approach to qualitative research was used to obtain an in-depth understanding of the perceptions of these patients. Semistructured interviews were conducted through online video conferences or mobile phone calls. Twenty-one participants were interviewed, most of who were mothers (90%) of children with orofacial cleft. Ten themes were derived from the transcripts. Five were categorized as facilitators, while the rest were considered as barriers. Generally, the respondents showed positive attitudes toward orofacial cleft, were aware of the communication and swallowing issues of the patients, and actively sought services to address these issues. Most barriers to speech intervention resulted from limited access to quality healthcare services and information. These findings highlight the importance of considering patient perspectives in clinical care. Maximizing facilitators and addressing barriers may improve access to universal healthcare among Filipinos with orofacial cleft.
Evaluation of Ocular Findings Following Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children
Authors: Sahin Aslıhan , Kaya-Guner Emine , Ekemen-Keles Yıldız , Karadag-Oncel Eda , Kara-Aksay Ahu , Yilmaz Dilek
Published: May 2023

Objective Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) in children is associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and can be mortal with the involvement of multiple organ systems. However, long-term effects on all organs and organ systems involvement are still unclear or even whether this condition may still occur in which organs. This report aims to identify ocular findings in children with MIS-C on the follow-up.

Methods This is a prospective cross-sectional study. Cases diagnosed with MIS-C between May 2020 and February 2021 in our hospital (e.g., cases aged 1 month–18 years old) were included in the study. The same ophthalmologist followed up with the patients after discharge. Patients underwent detailed ophthalmic examinations, including slit lamp biomicroscopy and fundoscopy, best-corrected visual acuity, and Schirmer's 2 test.

Results Our study included 22 patients treated with the MIS-C. Twelve (54.5%) were girls, and 10 (45.5%) were boys. Their mean age was 8.7 ± 4.9 years. Pathological ocular findings were found in six (27.2%) patients in the follow-up. The most common finding was punctate epitheliopathy in four (18.2%) patients. The cause of punctate epitheliopathy was dry eye. All patients recovered with treatment.

Conclusion Our study is the first to evaluate ocular findings in MIS-C in the long term. Regardless of the severity of the disease, the most common ocular finding in our study was punctate epitheliopathy, that is, dry eye. According to our results, we think patients should be followed up on pathological ocular findings after discharge.