bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experience of using audiovisual material by Spanish educators
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Kharkovskyi Ye. M.
Published: July 2022

The article identifies and outlines the main suggestions of Spanish educators Cabero, Cebriano Martinez, Salinas, Romero and Bartolomé regarding the use of audiovisual media during foreign language classes. It is noted that Spanish scholars have developed rules for the use of audiovisual materials during lessons in educational institutions of different levels. They believe that it is necessary to determine the purpose of using audiovisual materials during lessons. Psycho-emotional peculiarities of the perception of video materials by the recipients of education should be taken into account. Particular attention should be paid to guidelines for preparing beneficiaries to absorb information from audiovisual material. Recipients of education should not passively perceive information, they should be active participants in the learning process. This result is achieved through the teacher's use of a variety of methodological techniques, individualisation of teaching. The beneficiaries should be involved in interpreting fragments of the audio-visual materials, supplementing them with their own reflections, life facts and drawing conclusions. Spanish educators recommend starting a discussion, preparing a questionnaire for the recipients of education on the video, tracing interdisciplinary links, etc. A number of studies on the specificity of using audiovisual materials in the learning process in Spain have shown that if all methodological aspects are taken into account during the use of video materials, recipients of education develop competencies that contribute to their self-realization in the future. It is especially important to use audiovisual materials during the teaching of elective disciplines in foreign languages in higher education institutions, which is a promising area of research.
Features of complex nominations of the Easter-egg painting terminology
Authors:   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Diachok N. V. , Datchenko Yu. V. ,   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University
Published: July 2022

The study analyzes complex nominations of the terminology of Easter-egg painting (Ukrainian art of pysanka) and their linguistic word-forming potential. Objective is the analysis of the units of Easter-egg painting from the structural and nominative viewpoint. The objective meeting means completion of the following tasks: to represent linguistic definition for the complex nominations under consideration; to demonstrate their use in different contexts; to comment on their structural characteristics that show their certain ethnic and cultural features. Research methodology. The research material is selected by a method of continuous sampling. Complex nominative units of the Easter-egg painting lexis are described by a descriptive method. The material structuring is represented in terms of classification at the intersection of descriptive and structuring methods. It is determined that the worldview of Ukrainian native speakers of different regions implements the cognitive and speech content of one or another nomination. Symbolism of pysanka (Ukrainian painted Easter egg) is one of the main reasons of determining a linguistic status of each type of this cultural product. Along with that, a system of these nominations is mobile; it depends on the frequency of use, specifics of implementation of semantic load in the components of complex nominations, on the attribution of a dependent component to, for instance, location where pysankas were traditionally made etc. It is specified that there are few phraseological word combinations among the component nominations under analysis; there are much more of them among free word combinations. Idiomatic word combinations make up the majority of the units under analysis. Turning free word combinations into the idiomatic ones depends, first of all, on the linguoculturally limited valency of the main word pysanka; secondly, it depends on the aiming of any word combination, determining a cultural phenomenon, at the transformation into a word under conditions of preserved single meaning. Thus, idioms usually evolve in two ways: to the phraseological units where a separated form is preserved at the available single – figurative – meaning; to the words where the direct, initial meaning is preserved in terms of transformation of an analytical form into the synthetic one.
Sociocultural stereotypes in anglophone media discourse: the dynamic aspect
Authors:   Kyiv National Linguistic University, Liubymova S. A.
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to the results of the research of sociocultural stereotypes’ development in American media discourse. In the work, sociocultural stereotypes are considered as verbalized cognitive constructs that form a system of interrelated ideas about the categories of a social world. Changes that happen with stereotypes are conditioned by social, cultural, and media factors, reflected in the language. The development of sociocultural stereotypes represents the stages of their formation, functioning, changes, activation, and inactivation. The formation of a socio-cultural stereotype is based on the process of evaluative categorization, the result of which is fixed by a social consciousness in the form of linguistic designations. Embedding of sociocultural stereotypes in media discourse and their use in accordance with communicative intent of speakers determines the stage of their functioning, which leads to changes of their designation or evaluative meaning. Increasing circulation of sociocultural stereotypes in the media discourse defines the stage of their activation, which manifests itself in the emergence of word-formation paradigms of stereotype’s designation represented by a single word. Inactivation is a decrease in manifestations of interest in a socio-cultural stereotype in the media discourse, which leads to its disappearance. At the stage of inactivation, caused by lack of new information about the referent or changes in opinion about it, a designation of a sociocultural stereotype disappears or loses its connotations, remaining in the language as the marker of a certain historical and cultural period.
Naturalism in the story of Dmitry Markovich „V naimy” („For hire”)
Authors:   Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs, Kolesnyk A. V.
Published: July 2022

In the article the story „V naimy”, the author of which is Dmitry Markovich is analyzed, attention is paid to the biography of the writer.The story „V naimy” is analyzed in order to outline the naturalistic features. The analysis of the general properties of the portrayal of the characters and related events is made in accordance with the requirements and dominants of the naturalistic style, the reproduction of the lives of the heroes with the observe of factuality and objectivity.As a result of the research, naturalistic features in the story „V naimy”, important for naturalism, such as true reproduction of events in accordance with reality in life, a combination of artistic reproduction of natural and social components, images of everyday life of characters in the original natural state identified as presence. We also observe a combination of social and physiological factors in the reproduction of people's lives (characters). Along with this, in the given story we record the factuality of the image of events from the life of the main characters and the details of their description, wich is given using a list of all the small things, formed as a result of the writer's accuracy in the research with application of scientific approach to depicted phenomena.We observe the factography of the depiction, used with the detailed description in transfer of a phenomenon with a fixation of all the small parts of the image due to scientific accuracy and special attention of the writer to the event, and along with it – truthfulness, objectivity of the events in the story, including unity of social and nature factors. During the plot development in the story we note the protocol style of the reproduction of events and the truthfulness of the fixation of the actions of the heroes. We also fix the objective reproduction of the terrible factor in Anna's life such as famine in the village, which can be interpreted as a creating conditions for a complex „environment”, with its severe impact on the future fate of Anna's family. The truthfullness of the image of such an „environment” is achieved through the writer's usage of elements of hard physiological state of Anna in a detailed depiction. On the basis of such depiction of this situation factography is formed and the naturalistic style of the work is generally observed.
El asociacionismo en la enfermería del trabajo, una realidad con un desarrollo pendiente
Authors: González Caballero Javier
Published: July 2022

Las sociedades científicas y profesionales constituyen un elemento de transformación social. La tendencia asociativa enfermera ha discurrido paralela a la realidad social de la profesión y su evolución histórica. La incorporación tardía viene condicionada por un retraso en la concepción de la disciplina como una profesión científica con un cuerpo de conocimientos propio. Entre otros, la finalidad de una asociación en este ámbito es promover la actualización en las competencias profesionales de los integrantes, identificar las demandas de sus miembros, provocar un debate abierto, promover la investigación colaborativa, favorecer la generación de conocimiento y trasladar ese contenido académico a la sociedad. En el texto se propone una visión panorámica de esta realidad poliédrica en la que se encuentran las sociedades profesionales y científicas de esta disciplina enfermera.
JPMA 2021: Asian PM Industry recovering rapidly
Authors: Capus Joseph
Published: July 2022

Joseph Capus, MPR consulting editor reports on the annual report of the Japan Powder Metallurgy Association (JPMA).
Cyber security challenges in self-driving cars
Authors: Mahlous Ahmed Redha
Published: July 2022

Self-driving cars, which guide themselves and perform operations by sensing their environment without human intervention, rely on sensors, actuators, complex algorithms, machine-learning systems and powerful processors to execute software. Their benefits include reducing accidents – including those caused by human errors such as drink-driving or using mobile phones, both of which are major causes of road carnage. A major drawback is that these vehicles are vulnerable to hacking because they are connected to the Internet. Manufacturers have developed an array of security mechanisms to shield these automobiles from unauthorised access, yet hackers continue to develop methods of bypassing their security layers.
Instructive errors of Bouguer, Lambert, and Arago in the first determinations of angular reflectances on flat surfaces: discussion
Authors: Simonot Lionel , Hebert Mathieu
Published: July 2022

The first photometric measurements performed in the eighteenth century were based on brightness matching between two illuminated surfaces. In 1760, Bouguer and Lambert proposed the first methods to measure the angular reflectance of a flat surface, and Arago proposed a third one in the mid-nineteenth century. These pioneering experiments provided rather good estimates of the values we can predict or measure much more accurately today, considering that the human visual system was the only available light detector at that time. We show that the errors made in their measurements come not only from experimental uncertainties but also from incomplete knowledge of the physical properties of light, leading to incorrect assumptions in their models. The main errors are (i) the fact that light is totally reflected at grazing incidence, (ii) the glass plates they used were not perfectly clear, and (iii) light is partially polarized after transmission across the surface. By highlighting the impact of these three errors, we can better understand the state of knowledge in optics at that time and question our current practices in radiometric measurements and calculations.
Wafer-level calibration of large-scale integrated optical phased arrays
Authors: Guerber Sylvain , Fowler Daivid , Faugier-Tovar Jonathan , Carim Kim Abdoul , Delplanque Baptiste , Szelag Bertrand
Published: July 2022

We present the wafer-level characterization of a 256-channel optical phased array operating at 1550 nm, allowing the sequential testing of different OPA circuits without any packaging steps. Using this, we establish that due to random fabrication variations, nominally identical circuits must be individually calibrated. With this constraint in mind, we present methods that significantly reduce the time needed to calibrate each OPA circuit. In particular, we show that for an OPA of this scale, a genetic optimization algorithm is already >3x faster than a simple hill climbing algorithm. Furthermore, we describe how the phase modulators within the OPA may be individually characterized ‘in-situ’ and how this information can be used to configure the OPA to emit at any arbitrary angle following a single, initial calibration step.
Creation of rotating spiral structures using interfering Bessel beams for optical manipulation
Authors: Mohammadnezhad Mohammadbagher , Abdulkareem Sarkew Salah , Hassanzadeh Abdollah
Published: July 2022

A simple and effective optical tweezer setup which uses the interference of two counter propagating Bessel beams is proposed and investigated. The potential energy of a Rayleigh particle in the generated interference patterns is numerically evaluated by writing a MATLAB code. A rigorous analytical treatment is also performed for verification of the numerical results. The results show that the generated patterns have a spiral structure. It is also found that these spiral patterns and consequently the trapped particles can be rotated about the axis of the patterns by introducing a phase difference between the two beams. The suggested setup is hoped to provide an effective way for guiding particles along the spiral trajectories, making a laser-driven micro- and nanomotor, measuring the torsional properties of biological molecules, and separating particles from a liquid mixture according to their mass, size, or refractive index.
3D optical trapping by a tightly focused circular airy beam
Authors: Moradi Habib , Jabbarpour Mahmoud , Abdollahpour Daryoush , Hajizadeh Faegheh
Published: July 2022

In this Letter, we report on the experimental investigation of three-dimensional (3D) optical trapping by a tightly focused circular Airy beam (CAB). We compare the trapping strength of the beam for 800 nm polystyrene particles, with two equivalent Gaussian beams of the same envelope (SEGB) and the same spot-size (SSGB). Through video microscopy, we found that SEGB is incapable of forming a 3D trap, and particles are pushed along the beam propagation direction, while SSGB and CAB could form stable 3D traps. Measurements of trap stiffness revealed that although both beams have similar lateral trap stiffnesses, interestingly CAB has a 6.6-fold stronger axial trap, owning to its autofocusing nature. Furthermore, we found that trap stiffness at various trapping depths is nearly constant for CAB, in contrast with the Gaussian beam, implying that CAB is robust against spherical aberration.
Diode-pumped CaGdAlO4 crystal-assisted Kerr-lens mode-locked all-solid-state Pr:LiYF4 laser at 639 nm
Authors: Wang Dong , Zou Jingyu , Xu Bin , Cui Xudong , Lyapin Andrey , Ryabochkina Polina , Semashko Vadim , Korableva Stella
Published: July 2022

At present, direct generation of an ultrafast laser with a pulse width shorter than 10 ps in the visible spectral region has been very rarely demonstrated. In this work, we focus on this issue by operating an InGaN blue-diode-pumped Kerr-lens mode-locked Pr:LiYF4 laser. Using an undoped CaGdAlO4 crystal as an additional Kerr medium in the resonator for providing enhanced third-order nonlinearity, a stable mode-locked Pr:LiYF4 laser with red emission at 639 nm is achieved with the shortest pulse duration of 2.6 ps at a repetition rate of 49.7 MHz. The maximum average output power, single pulse energy, and peak power reach 68.4 mW, 1.38 nJ, and 530 W, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the shortest pulse width that has ever been achieved in this specific emission line of Pr3+ ions.
Key technology research on magnetorheological finishing based on suppression of surface mid-spatial frequency ripple errors
Authors: Wang Bo , Shi Feng , Zhang Wanli , Tie Guipeng , Song Ci , Guo Shuangpeng
Published: July 2022

A high-energy laser system imposes demanding requirements on the total frequency range of its optical components, mainly the mid-spatial frequency (MSF) error. This error will seriously reduce the optical performance of this system. In order to suppress the MSF ripple error of optical components after magnetorheological finishing (MRF), the influence of the rotation angle of MRF removal functions on the surface MSF ripple error was explored by computer simulation at first. Subsequently, the suppression effect of magnetorheological ribbon fluctuation on surface MSF ripple errors was simulated. Finally, the fused silica components were scanned uniformly under the conditions of different rotation angles and the same MRF ribbon fluctuation. The simulation analysis and experimental results demonstrated that the same removal function had multiple preferred angles under different line feed spacing values. When the preferred angle is reached for the removal function, the surface MSF ripple error of the machined component can be significantly reduced. However, the MSF ripple error cannot be eliminated by simply rotating the preferred angle during MRF. Nevertheless, this part of the MSF ripple error can be swamped by the additional material removal caused by the magnetorheological ribbon fluctuation, which can significantly improve the surface quality of the component. Therefore, the MSF ripple error on the component surface can be eliminated by controlling the rotation angle of the removal function and the fluctuation of the magnetorheological ribbon. This method can significantly improve the root mean square (RMS) of surface MSF ranges and reduce the surface MSF error of high-power laser components.
2,000,000  fps 2D and 3D imaging of periodic or reproducible scenes with single-pixel detectors
Authors: Jiang Wenjie , Yin Yongkai , Jiao Junpeng , Zhao Xian , Sun Baoqing
Published: July 2022

Single-pixel imaging (SPI) can capture 2D images of the target with only a nonpixelated detector, showing promising application potential in nonvisible spectral imaging, low-photon imaging, lidar, and other extreme imaging fields. However, the imaging mechanism of traditional SPI makes it difficult to achieve high imaging speed, which is a primary barrier for its widespread application. To address this issue, in this work, we propose and demonstrate a novel high-speed 2D and 3D imaging scheme based on traditional SPI, termed time-resolved single-pixel imaging (TRSPI). Previous SPI works mainly utilize correlation between a stable target and iterative illumination masks to reconstruct a single image. In TRSPI, by further exploiting correlation information between a dynamic scene and every static mask, we can reconstruct a series of time-varying images of the dynamic scene, given the dynamic scene is repetitive or reproducible. Experimentally, we conducted 2D and 3D imaging on a rotating chopper with a speed of 4800 revolutions per minute (rpm), and imaging speeds up to 2,000,000 fps. It is believed that this technology not only opens up a novel application direction for SPI, but also will provide a powerful solution for high-speed imaging.
Economic benefit evaluation of water resources allocation in transboundary basins based on particle swarm optimization algorithm and cooperative game model—A case study of Lancang-Mekong River Basin
Authors: Bi Fei , Zhou Haiwei , Zhu Min , Wang Weiwei
Published: July 2022

The present work aims to find the optimal solution of Nash Equilibrium (NE) in the traditional Game Theory (GT) applied to water resources allocation. Innovatively, this paper introduces Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) into GT to propose a cooperative game model to solve the NE problem. Firstly, the basic theory of the PSO algorithm and cooperative game model is described. Secondly, the PSO-based cooperative game model is explained. Finally, the PSO-based cooperative game model is compared with the Genetic Algorithm (GA) to test the performance. Besides taking the countries in Lancang Mekong River Basin as the research object, this paper discusses each country’s water consumption and economic benefits under different cooperation patterns. Then, a series of improvement measures and suggestions are put forward accordingly. The results show that the average server occupancy time of the PSO-based cooperative game model is 78.46% lower than that of GA, and the average waiting time is 79.24% lower than that of the GA. Thus, the model reported here has higher computational efficiency and excellent performance than the GA and is more suitable for the current study. In addition, the multi-country cooperation mode can obtain more economic benefits than the independent water resource development mode. This model can quickly find the optimal combination of 16 cooperation modes and has guiding significance for maximizing the benefits of cross-border water Resource Utilization. This research can provide necessary technical support to solve the possible contradictions and conflicts between cross-border river basin countries and build harmonious international relations.
Left-wing support of authoritarian submission to protect against societal threat
Authors: Winter Taylor , Jose Paul E. , Riordan Benjamin C. , Bizumic Boris , Ruffman Ted , Hunter John A. , Hartman Todd K. , Scarf Damian
Published: July 2022

New Zealand’s Prime Minister, Jacinda Ardern, adopted a “go hard, go early” approach to eliminate COVID-19. Although Ardern and her Labour party are considered left-leaning, the policies implemented during the pandemic (e.g., police roadblocks) have the hallmarks of Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA). RWA is characterized by three attitudinal clusters (authoritarian aggression, submission, and conventionalism). The uniqueness of the clusters, and whether they react to environmental change, has been debated. Here, in the context of the pandemic, we investigate the relationship between political orientation and RWA. Specifically, we measured political orientation, support for New Zealand’s major political parties, and RWA among 1,430 adult community members. A multivariate Bayesian model demonstrated that, in the middle of a pandemic, both left-leaning and right-leaning individuals endorsed items tapping authoritarian submission. In contrast to authoritarian submission, and demonstrating the multidimensional nature of RWA, we observed the typical relationships between political orientation and authoritarian aggression and conventionalism was observed.
Efficacy of an asynchronous telerehabilitation program in post-COVID-19 patients: A protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Carpallo-Porcar Beatriz , Romo-Calvo Laura , Pérez-Palomares Sara , Jiménez-Sánchez Carolina , Herrero Pablo , Brandín-de la Cruz Natalia , Calvo Sandra
Published: July 2022

Background

About 40% of patients who have had COVID-19 still have symptoms three months later whereas a 10% may experience physical and/or psychological consequences two years later. Therefore, it is necessary to perform preventive interventions when patients are discharged from the hospital to decrease the aforementioned sequelae. The purpose of this pilot-controlled trial will be to determine the efficacy of a rehabilitation program on functional status and psychosocial factors for post-COVID-19 patients when it is delivered through a tele-care platform versus a booklet-based rehabilitation.

Methods

The estimated sample size will be of 50 participants who have been discharged after COVID-19 and have a level of fatigue equal or greater than 4 on the Fatigue Severity Scale. The primary outcome will be the severity of fatigue. Participants will be randomly allocated to an “asynchronous telerehabilitation group” or to a “booklet-based rehabilitation group”. Treatment in both groups will be the same and will consist of a combination of therapeutic exercise and an educative program. Treatment outcomes will be evaluated the last day of the intervention and at three- and six-months follow-up.

Discussion

The telerehabilitation intervention appears to be a viable and efficacy option in decreasing severe fatigue and other fitness variables such as strength and aerobic capacity, similar to other traditional rehabilitation formats such as through an explanatory booklet.

Clinical trial registration

This trial has been prospectively registered at clinialtrials.gov identifier: NCT04794036.
Experimental animal models and their use in understanding cysticercosis: A systematic review
Authors: Sitali Muloongo C. , Schmidt Veronika , Mwenda Racheal , Sikasunge Chummy S. , Mwape Kabemba E. , Simuunza Martin C. , da Costa Clarissa P. , Winkler Andrea S. , Phiri Isaac K.
Published: July 2022

Background

Cysticercosis and Neurocysticercosis (NCC) can be studied using several animal species in experimental models which contributes to the understanding of the human form of the disease. Experimental infections ofTaeniaspp. are vital in explaining the modes of transmission of the parasite and helps the understanding of transmission of the parasite in humans and thus may be useful in designing therapeutic and immune-prophylactic studies to combat the disease. Thus, this systematic review aims to explore the existing experimental animal models to the understanding of cysticercosis in both humans and animals and elucidate the risk factors of cysticercosis and identify theTaeniaspp. used in these models.

Methodology

We systematically identified all publications from the Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Pubmed regarding experimental animal models usingTaeniaspp. that cause cysticercosis in both humans and animals. 58 studies were identified for eligibility. Of these, only 48 studies met the inclusion criteria from which data extraction was done and presented descriptively.

Results

Pigs, cattle, gerbils, mice, rats, voles, monkeys, cats, dogs, and goats were used in whichT.solium,T.saginata,T.saginata asiatica,T.crassicepsandT.asiaticawere studied. The routes used to induce disease were; oral, intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intraarterial, intracranial, intraduodenal, and surgical routes using eggs, oncospheres, and proglottids. Besides, the establishment of infection using eggs and oncospheres was affected by the route used to induce infection in the experimental animals. The cysticerci recovery rate in all the experimental studies was low and the number of animals used in these experiments varied from 1 to 84. Although not analysed statistically, sex, age, and breed of animals influenced the cysticerci recovery rate. Additionally, the cysticerci recovery rate and antibody-antigen levels were shown to increase with an increase in the dose of oncospheres and eggs inoculated in the animals. Contrasting results were reported in which the cysticerci recovery rate decreased with an increase in the dose of eggs inoculated.

Conclusion

This review describes the various animal experiments usingTaenia speciesthat cause cysticercosis highlighting the animals used, age and their breed, the routes of infection used to induce disease and the sample size used, and the cysticerci recovery rate in these animal models.
Effectiveness of structured interventional strategy for middle-aged adolescence (SISMA-PA) for preventing atherosclerotic risk factors—A study protocol
Authors: Munusamy Gomathi , Shanmugam Ramesh
Published: July 2022

Background

Atherosclerotic risk starts at an early stage in adolescents and interventions on adolescents’ lifestyles are most important. The pandemic of obesity-related morbidities like atherosclerosis among young adults and atherosclerotic risk factors for middle-aged adolescents in India is known. Yet, there is a lack of cost-effective and integrated intervention programs to treat this important health problem.

Objective

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of a 12-week structured interventional strategy program, containing integrated education and supervised physical activity interventions for middle-aged adolescents.

Methods/design

This will be a school-based pre-experimental one-group pre-post time-series research design. The sample size is estimated to include 154 adolescents of 10th to 12th grade; aged 15–17 years will be grouped as a single arm. Data will be collected from July 2021 to January 2022. The intervention duration will be 3 months. The following measures will be evaluated before, during, and after intervention: knowledge, body mass index, level of physical activity, dietary habits, and sedentary activity.

Discussion

We believe that the structured interventional strategy approach which includes education related to atherosclerosis, physical activity, dietary habits, and sedentary activity, and cost-effective physical activity training will be more effective in preventing atherosclerotic-related changes among middle-aged adolescents. Further, this kind of approach may be applied in similar study areas elsewhere in India.

Trial registration

Clinical Trials Registry—India (Registered Number: CTRI/2021/03/032271).
Short communication: A comparison between two glucose measurement methods in beef steers during a glucose tolerance test
Authors: Nickles Kirsten R. , Relling Alejandro E. , Garcia-Guerra Alvaro , Fluharty Francis L. , Parker Anthony J.
Published: July 2022

Glucose tolerance tests (GTT) are commonly performed in beef cattle to evaluate the glucose-insulin signaling pathway. Blood samples are obtained via a catheter and then transferred back to the laboratory for further analysis. A hand-held glucometer used chute-side can make performing GTT’s and quantifying blood glucose concentration much easier and faster for research purposes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the agreement between a hand-held electronic glucometer (Precision Xtra; Abbott Diabetes Care Inc., Mississauga, ON, Canada) for chute-side use in beef cattle compared with a colorimetric assay in the laboratory (Stanbio Glucose LiquiColor; Stanbio Laboratory, Boerne, TX, USA). A GTT was performed on 13 Simmental × Angus steers during the growing phase. Blood samples were obtained via a jugular catheter. Glucometer readings were taken immediately after blood was sampled from the jugular with no preservative, and laboratory measurements were conducted on plasma preserved with sodium fluoride. A paired t-test (P = 0.40), Pearson’s correlation (P < 0.001; r = 0.95), Bland-Altman plot, and Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (LCCC = 0.90) were completed to evaluate the performance of the glucometer relative to the results from the laboratory assay. Based on the results, we conclude that the glucometer is an acceptable method for measuring blood glucose concentration in beef cattle under field conditions.
Emotions in specialised genres: Power, manipulation and persuasion from the Affect Spectrum Theory
Authors: Orts María  Ángeles
Published: July 2022

This paper seeks to examine professional genres from a novel perspective linking social constructivism and basic emotion theory, making the assumption that emotions are intrinsically social, and that social phenomena (such as professional communities) have an emotional nature (TenHouten, 2021). Thus, we aim to consider the constructive role of emotions in the creation and development of specialised texts (occasionally focusing specifically on the legal field), and, in turn, on the professional communities from which these texts emerge. Our work builds on the socio-evolutionary theory of emotions, or affect-spectrum theory (AST), which is developed in dissonance with other Cartesian and rational-choice models that set reason and emotion in opposition and assert that society only progresses to the extent that the former can control, suppress and triumph over the latter. Specifically, it is our underlying hypothesis that specialised and professional communication is articulated around emotions –and power, manipulation and persuasion, among other negative or positive emotional expressions. Thus, textual mechanisms or genres, as communicative instruments of specialised communities reveal the tensions that occur centripetally or centrifugally, i.e., inwards or outwards from that community. They do so from an agonistic relational model, in a centripetal tension that promotes agency through coercion and/or manipulation, or from a hedonistic relational model, in a centrifugal tension where interpersonal relationships of persuasion and dissemination are established in order to engage in communal relationships.
Fine-tuning machine translation quality-rating scales for new digital genres: The case of user-generated content
Authors: Candel-Mora Miguel A.
Published: July 2022

With the active participation of users in product review platforms, online consumer-generated content, and, more specifically, user-generated reviews, have become a clear reference in purchasing decision-making processes, which sometimes exceed the impact of advertising campaigns. A common feature of most tourism review platforms is the use of machine translation (MT) systems to immediately make reviews available to users in various languages. However, the quality of the MT output of these reviews varies greatly, primarily due to the subjective and unstructured nature of this digital genre. Different studies confirm that there are no universal quality rating scales. The assessment of MT output quality usually depends on factors such as the purpose of the text or the value given to the immediacy of the translation. New neural MT systems have been a revolution in the quality increase of the translated output; however, new lines of research are opening up to verify whether the quality of this new paradigm of MT can be assessed with the existing scales, mainly from previous rule-based systems and statistical translation, or whether it is necessary to develop new quality metrics specifically for these new intelligent systems. On the other hand, one of the questions that remain to be resolved in this new context of neural MT is whether the use of large amounts of textual data in the training of these systems is as effective as the use of less data but of higher quality and better-adjusted to the specialty and type of text for which it is used. Based on the hypothesis that each genre requires specific quality rating scales, this work identifies the error patterns and textual characteristics of online user reviews from a corpus-based approach analysis that will contribute to adapting quality rating scales to this specific digital genre.
Extracción automática de unidades terminológicas guiada por Framenet: una aplicación al corpus electrónico CORD-19
Authors: Crespo Miguel Mario
Published: July 2022

La evolución de la terminología va unida a las nuevas tecnologías y al desarrollo de plataformas de trabajo o interfaces, que permitan crear un glosario técnico de forma semiautomática o incluso automática. Las unidades terminológicas y sus propiedades están conectadas a la expresión del conocimiento de los campos especializados en los que aparecen, por lo que estos enfoques automáticos no solo se enfrentan a la tarea de determinar cuáles son las unidades terminológicas de un campo determinado, sino a expresar cómo se estructura dicha información en esa disciplina. Muchas de las unidades terminológicas que se pueden encontrar en un ámbito científico determinado aparecen en otros campos e, incluso, en el uso general. Los términos suelen estar presentes en el acervo léxico de las lenguas y comparten con las unidades léxicas un complejo conjunto de relaciones. La semántica de marcos es un modelo particularmente atractivo para el trabajo terminológico, interesado en dar cuenta de la conexión entre la estructura conceptual de un campo de conocimiento especializado y los elementos utilizados para transmitir este conocimiento. Esto ha llevado a muchos investigadores a utilizar FrameNet como forma de representar la terminología. FrameNet es un recurso en línea para el inglés basado en la semántica de marcos y respaldado por pruebas de corpus. Un marco se fundamenta en el hecho de que ciertas palabras evocan determinadas situaciones en las que tienen lugar determinados participantes. Estas situaciones o marcos son estructuras estereotipadas que representan áreas de experiencia y conocimiento sociocultural. Presentamos un enfoque estadístico basado en corpus que es capaz de seleccionar los marcos de FrameNet que mejor representan un conjunto de textos electrónicos sobre COVID-19 e indicar cuáles de sus unidades léxicas funcionan como unidades terminológicas de ese corpus. Los resultados muestran cómo esta metodología puede ser un buen apoyo al trabajo terminográfico, ya que no solo permite la extracción de unidades terminológicas, sino el uso del esqueleto formal de FrameNet como medio para estructurar este conocimiento.
La investigación en marcha. Reseña a Santos Gargallo, Isabel y Pastor Cesteros, Susana (dirs.) (2022). Metodología de la investigación en la enseñanza-aprendizaje del español como segunda lengua (L2)/ lengua extranjera (LE). Arco Libros, 391 pp., ISBN 978-84-71353-864-8
Authors: Mora Sánchez Miguel Ángel
Published: July 2022

Reseña del libro: La investigación en marcha. Reseña a Santos Gargallo, Isabel y Pastor Cesteros, Susana (dirs.) (2022). Metodología de la investigación en la enseñanza-aprendizaje del español como segunda lengua (L2)/ lengua extranjera (LE). Arco Libros, 391 pp., ISBN 978-84-71353-864-8.
«Y que es hombre idiota y fuera de toda razón segunt medeçina»
Authors: Serrano Larráyoz Fernando
Published: July 2022

El interés por la práctica del curanderismo en Navarra durante épocas preindustriales no ha pasado de lo anecdótico. Basándome en la documentación procesal conservada en el Archivo Real y General de Navarra se aborda el caso de un empírico francés llamado Juan Flor. Se pone especial atención en su agitada biografía, su práctica sanadora, la relación médico-paciente y los problemas que tuvo para poder ejercer la medicina por parte del Protomedicato navarro hasta su abandono del reino.
Book review of: Kersten, Jens; Neu, Claudia; Vogel, Berthold (2022): Das Soziale-Orte-Konzept. Zusammenhalt in einer vulnerablen Gesellschaft
Authors: Dirksmeier Peter
Published: July 2022

Buchrezension.
Echanges transfrontaliers des produits agricoles entre la RDC et la Zambie par la Douane de Kipushi : Analyse des itinéraires commerciaux
Authors: John Tshomba Kalumbu , Helène Kitsali Katungo Jean , Jules Nkulu Mwiné Fyama , Felix Kenda Tshiela , Patrick Mpata Menda , Moïse Kalambaie Bin Mukanya Madiya
Published: July 2022

Les échanges transfrontaliers des produits agricoles constituent des pratiques courantes et importantes contribuant à l'équilibre alimentaire et à l'atteinte de la sécurité alimentaire des cités frontalières. Cependant, ces échanges sont informels, sources de pertes de devises et accentuent le niveau de dépendance alimentaire des zones déficitaires. Ce présent travail s’inscrit dans l’optique de comprendre le mécanisme d’échange des produits agricoles entre la RDC et la Zambie par la douane de Kipushi et de mettre en évidence l'itinéraire commercial des produits agricoles échangés. Pour ce faire les données primaires ont été collectées à travers les enquêtes auprès d’un effectif de 60 commerçants œuvrant à la frontière nationale entre la RDC et la Zambie (la douane de Kipushi) de mars à avril 2015. Les résultats obtenus permettent d'affirmer que les acteurs présentent une moyenne d’âge de 40 ans, ayant une durée de 5 ans dans le commerce transfrontalier et sont généralement mariés avec les femmes en prédominance (72%). En outre, ces acteurs sont majoritairement bemba de part et d’autre de la frontière. Sur le marché transfrontalier de Kipushi, s'effectue un double troc. En effet, d'un côté, les produits agricoles sont vendus par des grossistes Zambiens aux intermédiaires Congolais et ces derniers alimentent le marché par la vente en détail. Et de l’autre côté, les produits manufacturés sont généralement fournis par les Congolais. Les facteurs de motivation des acteurs sont le déficit alimentaire vécu en RDC, la préférence aux aliments importés, les prix moins élevés à la frontière RDC- Zambie pour les produits agricoles. En outre, les villages Zambiens sont enclavés et s'approvisionnent facilement à la frontière de Kipushi en produits manufacturés.
Resistance exercise with different workloads have distinct effects on cellular respiration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Lähteenmäki Emilia Ilona , Koski Max , Koskela Iida , Lehtonen Elias , Kankaanpää Anna , Kainulainen Heikki , Walker Simon , Lehti Maarit
Published: July 2022

Little is known how acute exercise‐induced inflammation and metabolic stress affect immune cell bioenergetics and the portion of its components. Therefore, we investigated acute effects of eccentric‐only (E), concentric‐only (C) and combined eccentric‐concentric resistance exercise (E + C) bouts on cellular respiration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Twelve strength‐trained young men performed bench press resistance exercises in randomized order. Venous blood samples were drawn at pre‐, 5 min post‐ and 24 h post‐exercise. Several PBMC respiration states were measured using high‐resolution respirometry. Levels of leukocytes, interleukin 6 (IL‐6), C‐reactive protein (CRP), creatine kinase (CK), blood lactate and maximum voluntary isometric force were measured from the same time points. Effects of blood lactate and pH change on bioenergetics of PBMCs were investigated ex vivo. PBMC routine respiration (p = 0.017), free routine capacity (p = 0.025) and ET‐capacity (p = 0.038) decreased immediately after E + C. E responded in opposite manner 5 min post‐exercise compared to E + C (p = 0.013) and C (p = 0.032) in routine respiration, and to E + C in free routine activity (p = 0.013). E + C > C > E was observed for increased lactate levels and decreased isometric force that correlated with routine respiration (R = −0.369, p = 0.035; R = 0.352, p = 0.048). Lactate and pH change did not affect bioenergetics of PBMCs. Acute resistance exercise affected cellular respiration of PBMCs, with training volume and the amount of metabolic stress appear influential. Results suggest that acute inflammation response does not contribute to changes seen in cellular respiration, but the level of peripheral muscle fatigue and metabolic stress could be explaining factors.
Mandatory Dematerialization of Shares in Polish Private Companies: A Missed Opportunity to Do Things Right
Authors: Dybiński Jacek , Weber Anne-Marie
Published: July 2022

On 1 March 2021, Polish company law underwent a profound change when the reform introducing the mandatory dematerialization of shares in non-listed companies entered into force. On that day, share certificates became ex lege invalid and were replaced by entries into electronic share registers or securities accounts held by investment firms. With this step, the legislator dealt the nearly-final blow to document securities in Poland, given that the publicly-traded shares have already been subject to dematerialization since 1997 and most of other securities, both listed and non-listed, followed suit in recent years. Like in various jurisdictions which had gone through this process before, the Polish legislator had several options regarding the electronic securities regulation. The article analyses the essential features of the reform and puts it in a broader, comparative context. It also aims to assess whether the new law responds to theoretical and practical challenges inherent to electronic securities in times of innovative financial technologies and fast-changing legislation. The authors argue that an electronically registered share is de facto a new type of a dematerialized security that the reform added to the current catalogue, but its normative design is incomplete and far from what should be expected given the importance of its regulation in company law.
Regulatory Barriers to Corporate Restructuring Through Disposition of Major Assets – A Serbian Perspective*
Authors: Radović Mirjana , Radović Vuk
Published: July 2022

This article contains a critical analysis of the existing Serbian legal provisions that limit the possibility of a major asset disposition as a way of restructuring companies. In this regard, the authors have identified three main problems affecting such asset deals in Serbia, which can be considered regulatory barriers to this type of restructuring. The three problems are: the specific regulation of necessary shareholder approval and appraisal rights, the unavoidable assumption of liabilities by the purchaser (the buyer or the transferee) and the inadequate implementation of the EU Transfer of Undertakings Directive concerning employee protection. The solutions adopted in Serbian law are analyzed using a comparative approach, especially based on the rules adopted in Europe, including South-East Europe and the U. S. as a reference. It is interesting to show how different influences from these other jurisdictions have led to the specific (unique) development of the Serbian regulation with regard to dispositions of major assets. The ultimate goal of the present article is to examine the possibility and the need for harmonization of these issues on the regional (supranational) level.
EnvironZen: Immersive Soundscapes via Augmented Footstep Sounds in Urban Areas
Authors: Schrapel Maximilian , Happe Janko , Rohs Michael
Published: July 2022

Urban environments are often characterized by loud and annoying sounds. Noise-cancelling headphones can suppress negative influences and superimpose the acoustic environment with audio-augmented realities (AAR). So far, AAR exhibited limited interactivity, e. g., being influenced by the location of the listener. In this paper we explore the superimposition of synchronized, augmented footstep sounds in urban AAR environments with noise-cancelling headphones. In an online survey, participants rated different soundscapes and sound augmentations. This served as a basis for selecting and designing soundscapes and augmentations for a subsequent in-situ field study in an urban environment with 16 participants. We found that the synchronous footstep feedback of our application EnvironZen contributes to creating a relaxing and immersive soundscape. Furthermore, we found that slightly delaying footstep feedback can be used to slow down walking and that particular footstep sounds can serve as intuitive navigation cues.