bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Orchidaceae species in the flora of Krasnoyarsk suburban pine cenoses
Authors: Goncharova I. A. , Skripalshikova L. N. , Barchenkov A. P.
Published: August 2022

The Orchid species cenopopulations (Cypripedium calceolus, C. macranthon, C. guttatum, Neottianthe cucullata) growing in Krasnoyarsk suburban pine cenoses at the forest-steppe were studied. Orchid species are included in the Red Book of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The investigation objectives are Orchid species occurrence studying and population’s age structure determining in the Krasnoyarsk suburban pine cenoses, both under recreational load and in control. The results of the four species occurrence dynamics at the period 2017-2021 in the control cenosis and cenoses under the anthropogenic influence are presented. In the studied period, the Neottianthe cucullata occurrence did not change, regardless of the level of recreational impact. This species blooms in August, when the recreant’s activity decreases, which can explain its numbers preservation at the same level. The Cypripedium occurrence dynamics depends on the degree of recreational impact. As a result of the ontogenetic analysis, the populations of Neottianthe cucullata, Cypripedium macranthon, and C. guttatum in the control sample area belong to the middle-aged normal complete populations. Populations of Neottianthe cucullata, Cypripedium macranthon, C. calceolus in suburban pine cenoses under the recreational impact should be classified as middle-aged normal incomplete.
Biocollection of species of the genus barrenwort (Epimedium L.) in the botanical garden VILAR
Authors: Gudkova N. Yu. , Minyazeva Yu. M.
Published: August 2022

Representatives of the genus Epimedium L. (family Berberidaceae) are herbaceous spring-flowering perennials with medicinal and decorative significance. The collection of the VILAR Botanical Garden contains three species of the genus of the Russian Federation flora - E. colchicum (Boiss.) Trautv., E. koreanum Nakai, E. macrosepalum Stearn and three hybrid taxa widely used as ornamental plants - E. х rubrum E. Morren, E. х versicolor E. Morren, E. х warleyense Stearn. The article presents the results of studying the phenological features of the seasonal development of four species of the genus Epimedium in the conditions of the VILAR Botanical Garden. It is shown that, in the conditions of the Botanical Garden, they go through the phases of the annual cycle of development, with the exception of fruiting; winter-hardy and drought-resistant, not affected by diseases; reproduce vegetatively; retain decorative foliage until late autumn; E. col-chicum (Boiss.) Trautv. keeps winter green leaves during wintering. The species E. colchicum, E. х rubrum, E. Morren, E. х versicolor are distinguished by long flowering. The introduction of rare and endangered representatives of this genus (E. colchicum, E. koreanum, E. macrosepalum) into the culture will contribute to the conservation of their diversity ex situ.
Feather grass (Stipa pennata L., Poaceae Barnh.) on the northern border of its natural area in Nizhegorod region
Authors: Mininzon I. L.
Published: August 2022

The article touches the problem of borders of plant species natural areas. The purpose of article is analysis of spreading Stipa pennata L. ( Poaceae Barnh.) by means of comparison configuration the north border in Nizhegorod region with physical-geographic borders, soils, vegetations, climate and economical activity of population. Noted, that the configuration of the species north border (approximately 56° N.L.) in Nizhegorod region are defined by soil-edaphic conditions (chernozem, gray forest soil, moderate moisture and warm climate), vegetation of this and surrounding regions and areas after the deforestation . Forest degradation creates favorable phytocenosics conditions for Stipa. This configuration approximately coincidence with part of General Landscape Border of Russian plane on Nizhegorod region. It was ascertained, that this species location on the north slopes of bank of the Volga River might be explained by local micro-climate. In these places, spring is late and new sprouts of plants emerged later after spring frosts.
Taxonomic diversity and structure of the under-ice phytoplankton in Lower Ob (March-April 2021)
Authors: Mitrofanova E. Yu.
Published: August 2022

The subglacial phytoplankton of the Lower Ob was studied at three sites in the area of Salekhard in March -April 2021. 71 taxa of algae from Cyanobacteria, Chrysophyta, Bacillariophyta, Cryptophyta and Chlorophyta were identified with a predominance of diatoms (55 %), among which they were noted as true plankters (representatives of 5 genera), as well as those that live in benthos and fouling (15 genera). Aulacoseira granulata and Stephanodiscus hantzschii, as well as unknown small spherical and filamentous cyanobacteria, were found at every station and section. Among the surveyed sections, the maximum number of taxa was found at the section of the Malaya Ob (Azovy - 38), slightly less at the sections of the Bolshaya Ob (Kazym-Mys - 36 and Salemal -- 34). The number of algal divisions, on the contrary, was lower on Azovy than on Kazym-Mys and Salemal (four and five, respectively). An ecological and geographical analysis of the composition of winter phytoplankton showed that it was dominated by representatives of plankton in terms of habitat, cosmopolitans in terms of geographical confinement, indifferences in relation to the pH of the environment and alkaliphiles in relation to water salinity, as well as betamesosaprobionts in relation to the content of organic compounds.
Ways of biodiversity conservation in the plant cover of the Far East of Russia
Authors: Petropavlovsky B. S. , Varchenko L. I.
Published: August 2022

Plants diversity and riches of concrete floras in the Russia’s Far East is determined not only and not so much by a modern ecotopes diversity, how a situation of Holocene boundary, ancient and early Holocene, presence of the “small” migratory ways promoted the savings of a vascular plants diversity by all praterritory, presence of “big” migratory ways and the bridges of a land provided, first, resettlement of plant species from the West in dry late Pleistocene, updating of floras by Daurian-Mongolian steppe species, secondly, by returning of the species lost in the cold periods due to their migration from the south, from refuges, by presence of refuges from fire, and elementary pyrogenic degradation of flora and vegetation reduces variety of vascular plants on the order. However to the north from 50° N. L. on continent and Sakhalin island and with 46° N. L., from Urup island on the Greater Kuril Islands presence of refuges and isolates for maintenance high vascular plants diversity has no value or even it reduces, preserving more cold-resistant and cold-loving flora. Poverty of flora of coasts of Kamchatka Peninsula is connected with this phenomenon.
Biology of seeds of some representatives of the genus Hemerocallis L.
Authors: Pyatina I. S. , Reut A. A
Published: August 2022

The results of studying the morphology and germination of seeds of 7 species of the genus Hemerocallis L. (H. citrina, H. dumortieri, H. esculenta, H. lilioasphodelus, H. middendorfii, H. minor and H. thunbergii) introduced in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Bashkir Cis-Ural are presented. The morphology of seeds (color, shape, size) is described. It is shown that the seeds are round-ovoid, slightly angular, black, glossy, shiny; surface is flat and smooth. The average value of seed length in species varied from 4,5 to 6,4 mm, width - from 3,1 to 4,7 mm. A morphometric difference in the size and weight of seeds from different populations was revealed. The studied features are of taxonomic significance and can be used to determine the species of daylilies. It is noted that the seeds of the studied species are characterized by shallow endogenous physiological dormancy. It was revealed that the indicators of seed germination depend on the species characteristics and germination conditions. In general, the germination rate of the species was 8,3-95,0 %. It was established that after 60 days of seed stratification at a temperature of 3-4 °C, the germination rate in most daylilies increased by 1,2-1,8 times. The results obtained can be used in breeding and ontogenetic studies during the introduction of representatives of the genus complex Hemerocallis.
Phytocenotic characteristics of Kalidium caspicum, Halocnemum strobilaceum pasture variety in Karakalpak Ustyurt
Authors: Saitjanova U. Sh.
Published: August 2022

The article presents the phytocenotic characteristics of the Kalidium capsicum, Halocnemum strobilaceum pasture variety (PV), which is a part of the Halocnemum strobilaceum pasture type. The described type of pasture is widespread in the central part of the Karakalpak Ustyurt. Kalidium capsicum, Halocnemum strobilaceum pasture variety (PV), on wet and plump salt marshes, with Haloxylon ammodendron, H. strobilaceum on gypsum plump salt marshes, with the participation of Reaumuria songarica, Kalidium caspicum on cones of temporary watercourses in combination with Anabasis salsa is located in the Kungrad district, geographical points: Barsakelmes, Shorja. The area of the pasture variety (PV) is 36075 ha. The total projective cover of the PV is 15 %. The high proportion in vegetation is assigned to real halophytes: Haloc^mum strobilaceum - 40 %, and K. caspicum slightly less - 33 %; a smaller share on Haloxylon am-modendron - 20 % and a small part on Anabasis salsa - 7 %. All species except Halocnemum strobilaceum and Kalidium caspicum as assemblers of this plant community are found isolated and their role in the addition of the projective cover of the herbage is small. According to the results of the study, we see that due to the arid climate, the eaten part of the forage mass of the Kalidium capsicum, Halocmmum strobilaceum pasture variety is low and ranges from 1.9 to 4.2 c/ha. According to the yield indicators, the K. caspicum, Halocmmum strobilaceum pasture variety can be recommended for use as autumn-winter pastures.
Biological reserves of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn) in the coniferous forests of Altai Krai
Authors: Sokolova G. G.
Published: August 2022

The article presents information on the biological resources of the bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn) in the coniferous forests of the Altai Krai. Bracken fern is one of the most widespread ferns in the Altai Krai. It often dominates in grass cover in both deciduous and coniferous forests. The author gives a morphological description of the plant, characterizes the features of growth and development, considers the influence of environmental factors (temperature, humidity, lighting, anthropogenic activity) on the distribution and abundance of this species. The article provides data on biological productivity of bracken fern in different natural zones of Russia. The regularities of changes in the biological productivity of the bracken fern were revealed depending on the habitat conditions. In the Altai Krai, commercial harvesting of bracken fern is carried out in various types of forests. Long-term exploitation of the same lands leads to a decrease of resources and disruption of the natural populations’ structure. To study the current state of populations and identify the biological and commercial stocks of bracken, we examined coniferous forests (fir and pine forests) in the zones of mass harvesting of bracken - in the Priobsky Bor area and in the Salair ridge zone. In the study area, 68 key sites in various groups of forest types were established by random sampling. At each site, geobotanical descriptions of the forest community were carried out, the number of fronds, the density of standing, the projective cover and the average weight of one frond were determined. The data obtained are extrapolated to the entire study area. Studies show an extremely uneven distribution of bracken fern in forest types and individual regions. During the research period, the biological, economic and operational stocks of bracken fern were determined and recommendations were given on the amount of annual harvest in various types of forests.
On the seed science of representatives of the genus Feather grass (Stipa L., Poaceae Barnhart), included in the Red Book of the Nizhny Novgorod Region
Authors: Khrynova A. N. , Khrynova T. R.
Published: August 2022

Data on the morphology of fruits and seeds is important in plant identification, especially for botanical gardens, which receive a significant part of planting material in the form of seeds. We studied 18 seed samples of 7 feather grass species listed in the Red Data Book of the Nizhny Novgorod region, obtained from various botanical gardens: Stipa capillata L. (5 samples), S. dasyphylla (Lindem.) Trautv. (2 samples), S. lessingiana Trin. et Rupr. (3 samples), S. pennata L. (2 samples), S. pulcherrima K. Koch (2 samples), S. sareptana A. K. Becker (2 samples), S. tirsa Steven. (2 samples). For each sample, the weight of 1000 seeds, their average dimensions (length, width, ratio of width and length) and the percentage of completed seeds were determined. Seeds were weighed and measured in flakes (regardless of completion, as they come from other orchards, without awns) and cleaned, completed grains. Samples were identified, the species affiliation of which is doubtful, and which, after growing and flowering, must be identified more accurately. The data can be used to compare the quality of seeds from different origins, to reject questionable samples, or to decide whether they should be examined further.
Functional differences in leaves and carbon-assimilating tissues between steppe and forest plants in the Altai Mountains
Authors: Yudina P. K. , Ivanov L. A. , Ronzhina D. A. , Ivanova L. A.
Published: August 2022

The quantitative traits of the leaf mesophyll were studied for 31 steppe and forest plant species belonging to 21 families in the Altai Mountains at an altitude of 1600-2150 m above sea level. Herbaceous perennials predominated among the studied species. The studied species had an isopalisade, homogeneous and dorsoventral type of leaf meso-phyll structure. Among the species of the forest zone, the dorsoventral type of leaf structure prevailed, in the steppe zone the proportion of species with dorsoventral mesophyll is lower due to the appearance of succulents and species with an isopalisade structure of leaf mesophyll. The species of the forest belt were distinguished low leaf density by larger mesophyll cells and their low number per unit of leaf area compared to steppe plants. As a result the integral leaf mesophyll parameters of the steppe belt species - the number of chloroplasts and the total surface of chloroplasts per unit area of the leaf had higher values compared to the forest belt. It is concluded that the integral parameters of the mesophyll of the leaf strictly correspond to the conditions of species growth.
Investigation of titanium nanoparticles-reinforced Asphalt Composites Using Rheological Tests
Authors: Tavares Marinho Filho Paulo Germano , De Figueirêdo Lopes Lucena Lêda Christiane , Costa Lopes Matheus
Published: August 2022

Asphalt binder modification techniques are beneficial for the performance improvement of roads because they can be durable, present less permanent deformation, and provide longer fatigue life. The main modification agents involved in this process are polymers, fillers, fibers, and, more recently, nanomaterials, which have presented technical and economic feasibility. The nanoparticles were added to the base asphalt binder at a concentration of 3% of weight in pure and surface-modified states. This study aims to analyze the effect of surface modification of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using three different agents: oleic acid, benzyl alcohol, and oleylamine. The results have indicated that surface modification of the nanoparticles with oleylamine improved the interaction between the particles and the binder, contributing to increasing fatigue life and resistance to permanent deformation and delaying the aging process. Furthermore, the results of rheological tests have indicated that incorporating nanoparticles surface-modified with oleylamine into modified asphalt binder 55/75-E and asphalt binder 50/70 has produced higher resistance to the aging process less susceptibility to permanent deformation and cracks.
Cytokines in acute respiratory viral infections
Authors: Vetrova E.
Published: August 2022

Human Respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) are the two major etiological viral agents of lower respiratory tract infections, affecting mainly infants, pediatric patients and the elderly. Although the infection by either of the viruses trigger an antiviral immune response that mediate viral clearance and disease resolution in immunocompetent individuals, the promotion of long-term immunity appears to be deficient and reinfection are common throughout life. Coronaviruses (CoVs) comprise a polymorphic group of respiratory viruses causing acute inflammatory diseases in human animals. Until recently, this infection in humans was mainly observed during the autumn-winter period and characterized by a mild, often asymptomatic, course. The situation changed dramatically in 2003, when SARS outbreak caused by pathogenic CoV (SARS-CoV) was recorded in China. A decade later, a new CoV outbreak occurred in the form of the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV), whereas in December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) cases were recorded, which transformed within the first months of 2020 into the pandemic. Such events were accompanied by production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, with the magnitude elevating up to the state of cytokine storm.
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in complicated course of respiratory disorders in newborns
Authors: Golubeva A. , Novikova V. , Derkach Yu.
Published: August 2022

Introduction. The pathology of the respiratory tract during the neonatal period remains one of the leading causes of morbidity in children. Respiratory disorders lead to severe consequences for the subsequent quality of life of the child. Therefore, early diagnosis of complicated course is critical for optimizing the prognosis in respiratory distress syndrome and congenital pneumonia. The aim of the work was to assess the severity of the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps in the peripheral blood in pneumonia and respiratory distress syndrome in newborns. Material and methods. We observed 2 groups of newborns: 35 newborns with neonatal pneumonia and respiratory distress syndrome, and the control group consisted of 15 "almost healthy" newborns without respiratory tract pathology. Results. It was found that pneumonia and respiratory distress syndrome occur against the background of increased formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) in the peripheral blood, the number of which was significantly greater than in the control group (1.2 [0.8; 2.1] and 0.6 [ 0.3; 1.4], respectively (p=0.02)). The percentage of NETs in the blood was also higher in the group of children with respiratory disorders (p=0.0005). A correlation was found between the severity of pneumonia and increased netosis by the 3-5th day of life in premature infants. The percentage of neutrophil extracellular traps of more than 23% in blood on the third -fifth day of life can be used as an additional diagnostic criterion for a complicated and unfavorable course of pneumonia and RDS in newborns. Conclusion. Determination of the percentage of neutrophil extracellular traps in the peripheral blood makes it possible to determine the possibility of developing complications in respiratory disorders in newborns and to initiate adequate therapeutic and preventive measures in a timely manner.
Searching for safe SARS COV­2 immunodominant peptides in silico
Authors: Tsygankov A. , Yanchenko V.
Published: August 2022

HLA molecules function to control the constancy of the internal environment of the body. HLA class I molecules are expressed on the surface of all nucleated cells and represent the peptides of all proteins that are synthesized in each individual cell. When a cell is infected with a virus, the peptides of its proteins bind to HLA class I and inform the immune system of the presence of the virus in that cell. The SARS COV-2 virus is chosen as a relevant example. This publication discusses an algorithm for selecting immunodominant peptides of SARS COV-2 virus that can be used to determine body immunoreactivity, immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy. Proteins from the original strain hCoV-19/Wuhan/WIV04/2019 (hereafter WIV04), the isolate MW674675.1. from RB (hereafter MW674675.1.), strain B.1.617.2 from India (hereafter delta or MZ314977.1.), and the worrisome variant B.1.1.529 (hereafter omicron or OL677199.1) were analyzed. Immunodominant peptides from the SARS COV-2 proteome were searched using various programs on open access platforms: NCBI – GenBank, Protein; IEDB – MHC-I Processing Predictions, Population Coverage; GISAID – CoVsurver: Mutation Analysis of hCoV-19, UNIPROT – BLAST; ToxinPred. The search work resulted in the selection of 27 immunodominant peptides – targets for cytotoxic T-lymphocytes by representation through HLA-A *02:01. We hope that this information will contribute to the dissemination and implementation of ideas aimed at the safest prevention of infections. In predicting in silico bases for peptide vaccines, the practical component can be approached in an early and efficient manner, leading to personalized vaccination of humans as an extremely effective measure.
The use of MALDI­-TOF mass­spectrometry for the identification of fungal pathogens
Authors: Surkova R. , Sharov R. , Polovets N. , Lipnitsky A. , Murugova A.
Published: August 2022

Here we review modern data on the advantages and disadvantages of identifying mycoses pathogens using the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry method. The advantages of this method are the high accuracy of the results obtained, the simplicity of the analysis, and the ability to determine the indicators of sensitivity to antifungal drugs. Limitations in using the method are associated with the lack of reference mass spectra of many micromycetes in the databases and standardized protocols for preparing micromycete cultures for MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Additional difficulties arise in the identification of pathogens of especially dangerous mycoses due to the limited representation of reference mass spectra in databases. When developing unified protocols for sample preparation, it is also necessary to take into account the growth phase of dimorphic micromycetes.
Non-antimicrobial effects of macrolides: literature review
Authors: Skryabina A. , Nikiforov V. , Shakhmardanov M. , Zastrozhin M. , Sychev D.
Published: August 2022

The aim of this work is to review current publications on the non-antibacterial effects of macrolides. Macrolides are among the most widely prescribed broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs, especially in patients with respiratory infections. It is now recognized that drugs of this group, in particular azithromycin, also have an immunomodulatory effect, which leads to their therapeutic effect not only in infectious but in other chronic inflammatory diseases also. However, the frequent and prolonged use of macrolides in the treatment of respiratory tract diseases, and recently azithromycin in the treatment of COVID-19, has led to an increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics of this group. Results: it was shown that one of the key aspects of the development of chronic inflammation of the respiratory tract (for instance, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is the loss of the protective epithelial barrier due to the effects of pathogens and pollutants. Azithromycin has been shown to enhance the barrier properties of airway epithelial cells over time, which makes an important contribution to its therapeutic effectiveness. The main non-antibacterial effects of macrolides are considered, which in the future can be applied in treatment of inflammatory diseases associated with airway epithelium damage.
Cell-mediated immunity in patients with post-CoVID syndrome
Authors: Asfandiyarova N. , Demikhov V. , Yakovleva E. , Akimova E.
Published: August 2022

Aim: to study the investigate of the cell-mediate immunity in post-COVID syndrome. Material and Methods: 278 patients with mild, moderate or severe Covid-19 in acute period with post-COVID syndrome were examined. All patients were questioned, and, if necessary, were examined by doctors of various specialties. The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the severity of the course of the disease in the acute period and the duration of manifestations of post-COVID symptoms (up to 12 weeks or more). The state of cell-mediated immunity was assessed using the reaction of blast transformation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (morphological method for evaluating the reaction) in response to PHA. The activity of cells synthesizing cyclooxygenase was also determined. The control group included 200 practically healthy people of the same sex and age, who were not vaccinated and did not have a coronavirus infection. Results: a decrease in the proliferative activity of lymphocytes in response to PHA was found in patients who underwent Covid-19, both in mild (51,4±1.1%, p<0.01) and severe (49,3± 1,2% p<0,001), more pronounced in the latter in the first three months after the acute period of the disease (p<0,001). In all groups, there is an increase in the activity of cells synthesizing cyclooxygenase, which causes inflammation, which is more pronounced in patients who have had a severe form of Covid-19. Conclusion: The proliferative activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes in people who have had a coronavirus infection is reduced, both in the period up to 12 weeks and beyond; this is especially pronounced in patients who have had severe forms of Covid-19. In all groups, an increase in the activity of cells synthesizing cyclooxygenase, which plays a role in the development of inflammation, and possibly determines the progression of the course, was noted.
Detection of neutrophil extracellular traps formation using the hexaazotated fuchsin and determination of the immunoglobulin classes A and M abzyme activity in patients with bronchial asthma and COPD
Authors: Generalov S. , Ishchenko O. , Sushkova S. , Generalov I.
Published: August 2022

Netosis and abzyme activity are the significant components of the innate immunity. Spontaneous and induced netosis, various types of proteolytic and oxidoreductase abzyme activity in patients with COPD and BA were determined in this study. NETs were determined by both light and fluorescence microscopy using a previously developed staining method. As a result of the work, an increase of the induced netosis was found in patients with COPD, relative to patients with BA. A significant increase in the IgA peroxidase activity was found in patients with BA relative to patients with COPD. Data on hyaluronidase, catalase, elastase, dipeptidyl dipeptidase-4-similar activity were obtained. A correlation between the peroxidase and catalase activity of IgA in patients with BA was found.
Application of MALDI mass spectrometry for species identification and intraspecific differentiation of dermatophyte Microsporum canis of anthroponotic and zoonotic origin
Authors: Ovchinnikov R. , Polyakov N. , Soloviev A. , Gainullina A. , Savinov V. , Kapustin A. , Gulyukin A.
Published: August 2022

Microsporum canis is an important fungal pathogen that is mainly transmitted to humans from domestic animals. Different strains of M. canis vary in their ability to infect humans. Comparative studies of M. canis strains from humans and animals using MALDI mass spectrometry have not yet been published. In a comparative aspect, M. canis strains isolated from human (HS 09-18) and cat (FC 19-18) were studied. Comparison of the obtained mass spectra revealed that M. canis HS 09-18 displayed characteristic peaks with m/z 3339, 4287, 6485, 7740 and 8568, while M. canis FC 19-18 displayed unique peaks with m/z 5192, 7221 and 8049. Three peaks with maximum intensity with m/z 6112, 6828, 9625 were found in both M. canis strains. The dendrogram built on the basis of MALDI mass spectra revealed the clustering of M. canis strains in accordance with their origin: strains from cats and humans formed two separate clusters. Thus, clear differences were demonstrated between M. canis strains depending on the source of origin (cat and human). MALDI mass spectrometry makes it possible to carry out species identification, as well as to reveal intraspecific differences in M. canis. The mechanisms that allow dermatophytes to switch from zoophilic to anthropophilic behavior need to be further explored.
Modern aspects of coccidioidomycosis laboratory diagnosis
Authors: Murugova A. , Polovets N. , Lipnitsky A. , Surkova R.
Published: August 2022

Coccidioidomycosis is a disease caused by fungi Coccidioides spp. Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic to severe disseminated forms. The disease is endemic to the southwestern United States and many countries of Central and South America. The lack of specific symptoms and X-ray picture makes impossible to diagnosis without laboratory confirmation. Our review is about the modern features of coccidioidomycosis laboratory diagnostics.
Some prospects in the reseach of Microsporum canis (review)
Authors: Khamaganova I.
Published: August 2022

The significant growth and spread of dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum canis determine the interest to the research of this causative agent. The last time such technologies as metabolomics,transcriptomics and proteomics appeared to be effective. The role of zinc was examined. Zinc deficiency effect on gene expression, metabolism and pathogenicity of Microsporum canis. It was also proved that cyclic lipopeptides obtained from Bacillus subtilis inhibit the growth of cat’s Microsporum canis.
Methods of laboratory diagnosis of histoplasmosis – problems and prospects
Authors: Tereshko D. , Parfenova M.
Published: August 2022

Endemic infections, such as histoplasmosis, the causative agent of which is assigned to pathogenicity group II, can cause a number of difficulties in laboratory studies. The culture method is the gold standard of diagnosis, but requires a lot of time and skill of the doctor. Immunological methods used to detect H. capsulatum antigens and/or antibodies to them, although they have received a wide range of applications in endemic regions show variable sensitivity and specificity, which is influenced by: the nature of the course of infection, the immune status of the patient, the type of clinical material and etc. As a result, we are seeing a gradual shift in emphasis towards molecular genetic studies, which demonstrate high analytical performance in the laboratory diagnosis of histoplasmosis.
On the taxonomy of dermatophytes belonging to the Trichophyton mentagrophytes species complex
Authors: Pchelin I. , Sergeev A.
Published: August 2022

The fungi from the Trichophyton mentagrophytes / T. interdigitale species complex are the prevalent causative agents of skin and hair disease in humans and other mammals. Here we review lines of evidence supporting the recognition of three independent species within the complex in the light of more recent contradicting data and conclude that none of them are satisfactory. While ITS region genotyping appears to be more reasonable when compared to species identification, the knowledge on epidemiological sources, regional distribution and antifungal drug resistance of T. mentagrophytes / T. interdigitale genetic lineages is still incomplete.
Trial of the differential diagnostic media «DTM-Expert» for the diagnosis of dermatophytosis in the dermatovenerological dispensaries
Authors: Ovchinnikov R. , Bratchikova E. , Gareeva N. , Gaynullina A. , Savinov V. , Said-Uelina L. , Cherednikova A. , Guryanova E. , Kapustin A.
Published: August 2022

Fungal culture represents the «gold standard» for diagnosing infections caused by dermatophytes. However, laboratories and trained mycological staff are required for culture diagnostics. It is desirable to introduce methods for point-of-care diagnosis of dermatophytosis, which would be effective and easy to use. The aim of the study was the approbation of the domestic diagnostic media DTM-Expert for the diagnosis of human dermatophytosis in the conditions of dermatovenerological dispensaries. In two separated healthcare dispensaries, a cultural study of 40 clinical samples was conducted using DTM-Expert medium in parallel with Sabouraud medium. It was established that the isolation rate of dermatophytes on the DTM-Expert medium was 42.5%, while on the Sabouraud medium it was only 27.5%. Twelve isolates of Microsporum canis, 2 of Trichophyton rubrum, 3 of Microsporum spp. were isolated at DTM-Expert. Eleven isolates of M. canis were obtained on Sabouraud's medium, while T. rubrum was not isolated at all. Dermatophyte M. canis caused reddening of the DTM-Expert medium at 6.6 days on average, thus providing a quick visual indication of pathogens. Contamination on the experimental medium was observed in 5% of cases, and in 42.5% on the Sabouraud medium. The data obtained allow us to recommend the DTM-Expert diagnostic media for implementation in medical healthcare practice.
The use of ORF2 and ORF3 proteins for creating an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for viral hepatitis E
Authors: Zhavoronok S. , Zadora I. , Davydov V. , Rogacheva T. , Anisko L. , Alatortseva G. , Simirsky V. , Shcherban A. , Sсhuka N. , Bayur N. , Shebeko Yu. , Mitko J.
Published: August 2022

Due to the lack of national analogies a prototype of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test system was developed for the qualitative determination of antibodies class G to hepatitis E virus (HEV) based on the using of antigenic polypeptides ORF2 and ORF3 of the 3rd genotype (FSBSI «I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums», Russia). The results of experimental ELISA conducted in parallel with the reference test system «DS-ELISA-ANTI-HEV-G» (NPO Diagnostic Systems, Russia) are presented. The working concentrations of ORF2 and ORF3 antigens were 2.5 µg/mL and 0.25 µg/mL, respectively. They were tested with 200 donors and patients’ serum samples. The article reflects the determination of sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility results. The developed test system demonstrated high efficiency in the detection of specific anti-HEV-IgG.
Predicting the severity of COVID-19
Authors: Chernokov O. , Shchurok I.
Published: August 2022

For more than two years the whole world has been ensnared by the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-COV-2. Every day in Belarus, more and more new cases of the disease are detected, the number of deaths continues to grow. Currently, according to Johns Hopkins University in our country, there are more than 930 thousand confirmed cases of coronavirus infection and more than 6 thousand deaths [1]. Therefore, the introduction of a new diagnostic tool can help not only reduce the lethality of this disease, but also help optimize the use of hospital beds, which will provide the possibility of using timely targeted therapy. As a result of the study, the high specificity (80.4%) of the COVID-GRAM Critical Illness Risk Score calculator was confirmed, and high significant differences (p=0.004) were obtained, which allows us to recommend it as a starting point when developing more sensitive forecasting methods.
Heterogeneity of benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Ishchenko O. , Badyukov A. , Badyoukova T. , Zebentaev A. , Valynets A.
Published: August 2022

Background. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a histologically determined condition of the male body and is characterized by glandular-stromal multi-focal proliferation originating from the paraurethral and (or) transition zone of the prostate gland. Proliferative processes in the body are under the control of the immune system. Identifying and understanding the immunological aspects of prostatic hyperplasia can help control prostate tissue growth, improving men's quality of life. The aim of our study was to conduct a pilot study, assessment of the immune status of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Materials and methods. The study included patients having stage 2 BPH (according to Guyon’s updated classification system (n=8)) and patients who did not have clinical and morphological manifestations of BPH. The subjects underwent standard examinations in accordance with the clinical protocol of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus. The immunogram indicators included: the main subpopulations of lymphocytes (CD3 T lymphocytes, CD4 T helper cells, CD8 T cytotoxic lymphocytes), the ratio of Th/Tc, CD19 B lymphocytes, the level of serum immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, IgA and circulating immunocomplexes (CIC), as well as phagocytic index and phagocytic number. Results. Patients with BPH had statistically lower levels in the number of phagocytosed units compared to the patients without BPH. Furthermore, patients with BPH have highly variable results for immune system indices. Thus, the ratio of Th/Tc ranged from 1,3 to 2,3 units, and the level of CIC – from 10 to more than 300 units. The variability of the results obtained allowed us to divide patients with BPH into two groups: first group (n=3) with normal indices for levels of CIC and for the ratio of Th/Tc; the second group (n=5) with the indices for levels of CIC and for the ratio of Th/Tc that significantly exceeded the reference values. None of the patients in the second group had a concomitant autoimmune disease. Conclusions. Patients with BPH have a dysfunction of the immune system. Even having such a small number of enrolled subjects, it is possible to form subtypes of patients with BPH – they are future phenotypes. The study aiming at finding immunological disorders in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia should be continued.
Psychoemotional state and filaggrin level in pregnant women with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Kandrashkina Y. , Orlova E.
Published: August 2022

Purpose of the study: to assess the psycho-emotional state and the level of filaggrin in the blood serum of pregnant women with exacerbation of atopic dermatitis (AtD). Materials and methods. The study included 70 pregnant women with AtD, 20 non-pregnant women with AtD, 20 healthy pregnant women. A survey was conducted on the Beck Depression and Anxiety Scale. The filaggrin level in the blood serum was assessed by ELISA. Research results. Serum filaggrin levels in pregnant women with AtD were significantly higher than in non-pregnant women with AD (p=0.007) and healthy pregnant women (p=0.001). The level of anxiety was increased in the groups with AtD compared with the group of healthy pregnant women (p=0.001). The level of depression in pregnant women with AtD was higher than in healthy pregnant women (p=0.002) and non-pregnant women with AtD (p=0.021). Conclusions. It was found that pregnant women with AtD have more pronounced disorders of the psycho-emotional state and a higher level of filaggrin in the blood serum than non-pregnant women with AtD and healthy pregnant women.
The role of total serum immunoglobulin E level in diagnosis of fungal allergy
Authors: Novikova T. , Dotsenko E.
Published: August 2022

In the last two decades, there has been an increase in allergic reactions caused by sensitization to fungi. This variant of hypersensitivity causes more severe allergic disease, frequent, prolonged exacerbations that are difficult to control. Therefore, the diagnosis of early stages of fungi allergy is important. The study demonstrates the use of a differentiated model in diagnosis of the allergic nature of a respiratory disease depending on the total serum Ig E level in patients with bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis with fungi sensitization. A differentiated assessment of total serum Ig E upper normal level, corresponding to clinical respiratory disease manifestations, allows the test using as the first stage of allergy diagnosis: screening of patients with respiratory diseases at the initial appointment to select those patients who need a specific allergy testing, performed by allergologist.
Tormenta de fuego en la palma (Chile): significados compartidos surgidos de una intervención comunitaria postdesastre
Authors: Villagrán Valenzuela Loreto Andrea , Bilbao Ramírez Marían Ángeles , Antileo Reiman Paz , Aguilera Pinto Andrea , Oliveira Lima Isabela Aquino , Lagos Castro Matías Ignacio , Griffiths Catalán Nicole
Published: August 2022

Los desastres socioambientales afectan desigualmente a las zonas rurales, en comparación a las urbanas. Esta realidad hace que la movilización recursos comunitarios sea esenciales para afrontar estos eventos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la construcción de significados derivados del proceso de intervención comunitaria posterior a un desastre (incendio forestal) entre la comunidad La Palma y el equipo de la Fundación Tierra de Esperanza, planteando como pregunta de investigación ¿Qué significados compartidos surgen del proceso de intervención vivenciado por la comunidad de La Palma y el equipo interventor? El estudio tuvo un diseño fenomenológico, utilizando análisis interpretativo del discurso. Los resultados muestran la emergencia de categorías vinculadas a procesos identitarios, ruralidad, y el despliegue de procesos psicosociales durante la experiencia de intervención vinculados con el afrontamiento comunitario, apoyo social, rol clave de liderazgos femeninos y aprendizajes de la comunidad. Se discute cómo la toma de conciencia de esta comunidad rural incrementó su capacidad de agencia ante eventos en los que cuentan con escaso apoyo gubernamental.
La verdad como camino: comisiones de la verdad en América Latina
Authors: Vallejo Franco Beatriz Eugenia
Published: August 2022

Muchos países del mundo, en especial de Latinoamérica, Asia y África, han atravesado en las últimas décadas por etapas difíciles – dictaduras y conflictos armados - que generaron la perpetración sistemática y generalizada de violaciones graves a los derechos humanos. Y gran parte de estas naciones ha implementado en sus procesos transicionales hacia la consolidación del posconflicto o de la democracia una Comisión de la Verdad, a fin de ajustar cuentas con ese pasado violento. Es la memoria histórica lo que se construye allí y que busca dejar atrás un periodo complicado para dar paso a un nuevo tipo de Estado. En este artículo se busca conocer las diversas Comisiones de la Verdad en América Latina, proponiendo una clasificación de las mismas en cuanto a los grandes retos que tuvieron que enfrentar para cumplir con su misión, lo que es válido en el sentido de que estas instancias se constituyen en los referentes más próximos de la Comisión para el Esclarecimiento de la Verdad, la Convivencia y la No Repetición que está funcionando hoy en día en Colombia y que tiene como meta conducir a “una ruta para cerrar de manera definitiva el conflicto armado y dejar a las nuevas generaciones una nación en la que se pueda convivir y se respete la dignidad humana”. La metodología que se aborda aquí es la del Estudio de Casos, en el marco del Método Comparativo. La elección del análisis cualitativo fundamentado en el método comparativo se basa en conceptos expresados por especialistas como los ingleses Tom Mackie y David Marsh, que avalan la importancia de comparar fenómenos políticos entre dos o más unidades de estudio, al ser prácticamente imposible, en la investigación social, utilizar un diseño experimental perfectamente contralado, con variables exactas.
Capacidad de innovación y su influencia en el nivel de innovación de micro y pequeñas empresas exportadoras de artesanía textil del Sur de Perú
Authors: Cutipa-Limache Alberto Magno , Escobar-Mamani Fortunato , Carpio Maraza Amira , Fernández Burgos Roger Freddy
Published: August 2022

La innovación es uno de los pilares más importantes para la competitividad sostenible, especialmente en la micro y pequeñas empresas que actúan en un contexto dinámico y complejo en el que vivimos. En este contexto el objetivo del estudio fue determinar la influencia de las capacidades de innovación humana, organizacional y técnica en el nivel de innovación. Para ello, se desarrolló un modelo econométrico de regresión lineal múltiple. El procedimiento muestral fue probabilístico estratificado de 26 micro y pequeñas empresas exportadoras de artesanía textil del Sur de Perú a quienes se suministraron un cuestionario de 52 ítems. Los resultados reflejan que la capacidad de innovación humana, organizacional y técnica influyen con un coeficiente de determinación del 96.7%, positiva y significativamente en el nivel de innovación. En conclusión, la capacidad de innovación humana influye en mayor medida en la variabilidad del nivel de innovación, debido a la creatividad, la motivación y el conocimiento de las personas para innovar.
Comunicación organizacional y felicidad en el trabajo
Authors: Valencia Franco Erika Johana , Castaño González Esther Julia
Published: August 2022

La felicidad en el trabajo es un concepto determinante en la organización de hoy, entre otras cosas, por estar dirigido a los colaboradores, considerados su activo más importante. Al evidenciar la necesidad que hay de gestionar la felicidad en el trabajo desde la comunicación organizacional, se deciden abordar estas dos categorías a través de una investigación con enfoque cualitativo. El objetivo principal fue analizar el aporte de la comunicación organizacional al logro de la felicidad en el trabajo en Colombia a través del Método Delphi, que permitió la realización de dos rondas de preguntas a siete expertos de diferentes ciudades del país. En el análisis se muestra que hay un gran número de factores que pueden influir en la felicidad de los empleados, pero se logran describir los esenciales y, además, las prácticas de comunicación que aportan al logro de los mismos.
Auf dem Weg zur Plasma-Bioökonomie
Authors: Liebelt Ute , Weltmann Klaus-Dieter
Published: August 2022

Plasmatechnologie ist bereits in vielen Bereichen unverzichtbar geworden. Neue Anwendungsbereiche wie Landwirtschaft und Lebensmittelindustrie verbreitern die klassischen Einsatzgebiete. Welche Rolle kann die Plasmatechnologie für eine nachhaltige Ökonomie spielen?
Rückverteilung von Einnahmen aus der CO2-Bepreisung sozialverträglich gestalten
Authors: Dobbins Audrey , Fahl Ulrich
Published: August 2022

Um negative Folgen für einkommensschwächere Haushalte in Folge der CO2-Bepreisung zu vermeiden, sollte die Rückverteilung der Einnahmen aus der CO2-Bepreisung entsprechend den finanziellen Möglichkeiten und der Entscheidungsfähigkeit der Haushalte erfolgen.
Comparative analysis of technical efficiency of piglet farming in three production center provinces in Indonesia
Authors: Harianto H. , Keraru E. N.
Published: August 2022

Pork production occupies the third position in Indonesia, after chicken and beef. Even pigs occupy the top rank in contributing to Indonesia's live animal exports. The purpose of this study was to com-pare the level of technical efficiency of smallholder piglet production farming in three centers of pig production areas, namely North Sumatra, Bali, and East Nusa Tenggara (NTT). The research data was sourced from secondary data at the farm level, collected by the Central Statistics Agency of Indonesia, through the Livestock Business Household Survey. This research utilized the stochastic production frontier model to assess the production efficiency and the one-step maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method to measure the level of technical efficiency and the significance of the factors. The re-sults show that the average level of technical efficiency of piglet production farms in Indonesia is rela-tively low. Piglet production farms in Bali have the highest efficiency level and NTT is the lowest of the three provinces being compared. The number of pigs, feed expenditure, capital, and vaccinations are important factors in influencing production and the level of technical efficiency. Public policies that can increase farmers' access to production factors and better pig farm vaccine management become a necessity.