bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lesion Index Titration Using Contact-Force Technology Enables Safe and Effective Radiofrequency Lesion Creation at the Root of the Aorta and Pulmonary Artery
Authors: Alfonso-Almazán José Manuel , Quintanilla Jorge G. , García-Torrent María Jesús , Laguna-Castro Santiago , Rodríguez-Bobada Cruz , González Pablo , González-Ferrer Juan José , Salinas Pablo , Cañadas-Godoy Victoria , Moreno Javier , Borrego-Bernabé Luis , Pérez-Castellano Nicasio , Jalife José , Perez-Villacastín Julián , Filgueiras-Rama David
Published: March 2019

Background:

Ablation of some myocardial substrates requires catheter-based radiofrequency delivery at the root of a great artery. We studied the safety and efficacy parameters associated with catheter-based radiofrequency delivery at the root of the aorta and pulmonary artery.

Methods:

Thirty-six pigs underwent in-vivo catheter-based ablation under continuous contact-force and lesion index (power, contact-force, and time) monitoring during 60-s radiofrequency delivery with an open-irrigated tip catheter. Twenty-eight animals were allocated to groups receiving 40 W (n=9), 50 W (n=10), or 60 W (n=9) radiofrequency energy, and acute (n=22) and chronic (n=6) arterial wall damage was quantified by multiphoton microscopy in ex vivo samples. Adjacent myocardial lesions were quantified in parallel samples. The remaining 8 pigs were used to validate safety and efficacy parameters.

Results:

Acute collagen and elastin alterations were significantly associated with radiofrequency power, although chronic assessment revealed vascular wall recovery in lesions without steam pop. The main parameters associated with steam pops were median peak temperature >42°C and impedance falls >23 ohms. Unlike other parameters, lesion index values of 9.1 units (interquartile range, 8.7–9.8) were associated with the presence of adjacent myocardial lesions in both univariate (
P
=0.03) and multivariate analyses (
P
=0.049; odds ratio, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.02–3.98). In the validation group, lesion index values using 40 W over a range of contact-forces correlated with the size of radiofrequency lesions (R
2
=0.57;
P
=0.03), with no angiographic or histopathologic signs of coronary artery damage.

Conclusions:

Lesion index values obtained during 40 W radiofrequency applications reliably monitor safe and effective lesion creation at the root of the great arteries.
Vagal and Sympathetic Function in Neuropathic Postural Tachycardia Syndrome
Authors: Jacob Giris , Diedrich Laura , Sato Kyoko , Brychta Robert J. , Raj Satish R. , Robertson David , Biaggioni Italo , Diedrich André
Published: March 2019

The diagnosis of neuropathic postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) requires research techniques not available clinically. We hypothesized that these patients will have impaired vagal and sympathetic cardiovascular control that can be characterized with clinical autonomic tests. We included 12 POTS patients with possible neuropathic subtype because of normal plasma norepinephrine and no increase in upright blood pressure. We compared them to 10 healthy subjects. We assessed hemodynamics, heart rate and blood pressure variability, baroreflex sensitivity, raw and integrated muscle sympathetic nerve activity, and blood volume. To understand the vagal/sympathetic control, we dissected the phase 2 of Valsalva maneuver (VM) into early (VM2e) and late (VM2l). POTS’ upright heart rate increased 43±3 bpm. Patients had normal plasma volume but reduced red blood cell volume (1.29 L versus predicted normal values 1.58 L;
P
=0.02). Vagal indices of heart rate variability, HF
RRI
(430±130 versus 1680±900;
P
=0.04), PNN50, and root mean squared of successive differences were lower in POTS. Patients showed a decrease in vagal baroreflex sensitivity (VM2e;
P
=0.04). In POTS, integrated muscle sympathetic nerve activity was lower at rest (12±1.5 versus 20±2 burst/min;
P
=0.004) and raw muscle sympathetic nerve activity spike analysis showed blunted responses during VM2e, despite a greater drop in systolic blood pressure (34±5 in POTS and 14±6 mm Hg in controls;
P
=0.01). This cohort of POTS patients enriched for possible neuropathic subtype had lower resting muscle sympathetic nerve activity, impaired vagal cardiac control, and exaggerated drop in blood pressure in response to VM and a delay in the sympathetic cardiovascular responsiveness during hypotensive challenge.
Role of Coronary Artery Calcium for Stratifying Cardiovascular Risk in Adults With Hypertension
Authors: Uddin S. M. Iftekhar , Mirbolouk Mohammadhassan , Kianoush Sina , Orimoloye Olusola A. , Dardari Zeina , Whelton Seamus P. , Miedema Michael D. , Nasir Khurram , Rumberger John A. , Shaw Leslee J. , Berman Daniel S. , Budoff Matthew J. , McEvoy John W. , Matsushita Kunihiro , Blaha Michael J. , Graham Garth
Published: March 2019

We examined the utility of coronary artery calcium (CAC) for cardiovascular risk stratification among hypertensive adults, including those fitting eligibility for SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial). Additionally, we used CAC to identify hypertensive adults with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality rates equivalent to those observed in SPRINT who may, therefore, benefit from the most intensive blood pressure therapy. Our study population included 16 167 hypertensive patients from the CAC Consortium, among whom 6375 constituted a “SPRINT-like” population. We compared multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of coronary heart disease and CVD deaths by CAC category (0, 1–99, 100–399, ≥400). Additionally, we generated a CAC-CVD mortality curve for patients aged >50 years to determine what CAC scores were associated with CVD death rates observed in SPRINT. Mean age was 58.1±10.6 years. During a mean follow-up of 11.6±3.6 years, there were 409 CVD deaths and 207 coronary heart disease deaths. Increasing CAC scores were associated with increased coronary heart disease and CVD mortality (coronary heart disease–CAC 100–399: hazard ratio [95% CI] 1.88 [1.04–3.40], CAC ≥400: 4.16 [2.34–7.39]; CVD–CAC 100–399: 1.93 [1.31–2.83], CAC ≥400: 3.51 [2.40–5.13]). A similar increased risk was observed across 10-year atherosclerotic CVD risk categories and in the SPRINT-like population. A CAC score of 220 (confidence range, 165–270) was associated with the CVD mortality rate observed in SPRINT. CAC risk stratifies adults with hypertension, including those who are SPRINT eligible. A CAC score of 220 can identify hypertensive adults with SPRINT-level CVD mortality risk and, therefore, may be reasonable for identifying candidates for aggressive blood pressure therapy.
Telemedicine in Prehospital Acute Stroke Care
Authors: Geisler Frederik , Kunz Alexander , Winter Benjamin , Rozanski Michal , Waldschmidt Carolin , Weber Joachim E. , Wendt Matthias , Zieschang Katja , Ebinger Martin , Audebert Heinrich J. ,   the Stroke Emergency Mobile (STEMO) Consortium
Published: March 2019

Background

Mobile stroke units (
MSU
s), equipped with an integrated computed tomography scanner, can shorten time to thrombolytic treatment and may improve outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Original (German)
MSU
s are staffed by neurologists trained as emergency physicians, but patient assessment and treatment decisions by a remote neurologist may offer an alternative to neurologists aboard
MSU
.

Methods and Results

Remote neurologists examined and assessed emergency patients treated aboard the
MSU
in Berlin, Germany. Audiovisual quality was rated by the remote neurologist from 1 (excellent) to 6 (insufficient), and duration of video examinations was assessed. We analyzed interrater reliability of diagnoses, scores on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and treatment decisions (intravenous thrombolysis) between the
MSU
neurologist and the remote neurologist. We included 90 of 103 emergency assessments (13 patients were excluded because of either failed connection, technical problems, clinical worsening during teleconsultation, or missing data in documentation) in this study. The remote neurologist rated audiovisual quality with a median grade for audio quality of 3 (satisfactory) and for video quality of 2 (good). Mean time for completion of teleconsultations was about 19±5 minutes. The interrater reliabilities between the onboard and remote neurologist were high for diagnoses (Cohen's κ=0.86),
National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale
sum scores (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.87) and treatment decisions (16 treatment decisions agreed versus 2 disagreed; Cohen's κ=0.93).

Conclusions

Remote assessment and treatment decisions of emergency patients are technically feasible with satisfactory audiovisual quality. Agreement on diagnoses, neurological examinations, and treatment decisions between onboard and remote neurologists was high.
Spotty Calcium on Cervicocerebral Computed Tomography Angiography Associates With Increased Risk of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Zhang Fan , Yang Li , Gan Lu , Fan Zhaoyang , Zhou Bill , Deng Zixin , Dey Damini , Berman Daniel S. , Li Debiao , Xie Yibin
Published: March 2019

Background and Purpose—

Cervicocerebral vascular calcification on computed tomography angiography is a known sign of advanced atherosclerosis. However, the clinical significance of calcification pattern remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential association between spotty calcium and acute ischemic stroke.

Methods—

This study included patients with first-time nonlacunar ischemic stroke (N=50) confirmed by brain magnetic resonance imaging or nonenhanced head computed tomography, as well as control subjects with asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis (N=50) confirmed by carotid ultrasonography. Subjects in both groups underwent contrast-enhanced cervicocerebral computed tomography angiography within a week after the initial imaging examination. Spotty calcification was evaluated at 11 arterial segments commonly affected by atherosclerosis along the carotid and vertebrobasilar circulation. Statistical analysis was performed comparing the frequency and spatial pattern of spotty calcification between the 2 groups.

Results—

Spotty calcification in the Stroke group was markedly more prevalent than that in the Control group (total SC count: 8.74±4.96 versus 1.84±1.82,
P
<0.001). The odds ratio (95% CI) for stroke was 2.49 (1.55–4.00) for spotty calcification at bilateral carotid bifurcation, 1.52 (1.13–2.04) at carotid siphon, and 1.98 (1.45–2.69) at all evaluated locations. A total number of 3 spotty calcifications were determined as the optimal cutoff threshold for increased risk of stroke. Spotty calcium showed significantly greater area under the receiver operating characteristics curve than total calcium volume irrespective of size (0.88 versus 0.77). Within the Stroke group, ipsilateral lateral side showed significantly more spotty calcium than the contralateral side (5.18±3.05 versus 3.56±2.67,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—

Nonlacunar ischemia stroke was associated with markedly increased incidence of spotty calcification with a distinct spatial pattern on cervicocerebral computed tomography compared with subclinical atherosclerosis, suggesting the potential role of spotty calcification for improving the risk stratification for ischemic stroke.
Obesity Paradox in Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Persaud Steven R. , Lieber Adam C. , Donath Elie , Stingone Jeanette A. , Dangayach Neha S. , Zhang Xiangnan , Mocco J , Kellner Christopher P.
Published: March 2019

Background and Purpose—

Although obesity is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke, studies have shown evidence of an obesity paradox—a protective effect of obesity in patients who already have these disease states. Data on the obesity paradox in intracerebral hemorrhage is limited.

Methods—

Clinical data for adult intracerebral hemorrhage patients were extracted from the National Inpatient Sample between 2007 and 2014. Multivariable logistic regression analyzed the association of body habitus with in-hospital mortality, discharge disposition, length of stay, tracheostomy or gastrostomy placement, and ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement.

Results—

There were 99 212 patients who were eligible. Patients with both obesity (OR=0.69; 95% CI=0.62–0.76;
P
<0.001) and morbid obesity (OR=0.85; 95% CI=0.74–0.97;
P
=0.02) were associated with decreased odds of in-hospital mortality. Morbid obesity was significantly associated with increased odds of a tracheostomy or gastrostomy placement (OR=1.42; 1.20–1.69;
P
<0.001) and decreased odds of a routine discharge disposition (OR=0.84; 0.74–0.97;
P
=0.014).

Conclusions—

Obesity and morbid obesity appear to protect against mortality in intracerebral hemorrhage.
The Neural Representations of Movement across Semantic Categories
Authors: Borghesani Valentina , Riello Marianna , Gesierich Benno , Brentari Valentina , Monti Alessia , Gorno-Tempini Maria Luisa
Published: March 2019

Previous evidence from neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies suggests functional specialization for tools and related semantic knowledge in a left frontoparietal network. It is still debated whether these areas are involved in the representation of rudimentary movement-relevant knowledge regardless of semantic domains (animate vs. inanimate) or categories (tools vs. nontool objects). Here, we used fMRI to record brain activity while 13 volunteers performed two semantic judgment tasks on visually presented items from three different categories: animals, tools, and nontool objects. Participants had to judge two distinct semantic features: whether two items typically move in a similar way (e.g., a fan and a windmill move in circular motion) or whether they are usually found in the same environment (e.g., a seesaw and a swing are found in a playground). We investigated differences in overall activation (which areas are involved) as well as representational content (which information is encoded) across semantic features and categories. Results of voxel-wise mass univariate analysis showed that, regardless of semantic category, a dissociation emerges between processing information on prototypical location (involving the anterior temporal cortex and the angular gyrus) and movement (linked to left inferior parietal and frontal activation). Multivoxel pattern correlation analyses confirmed the representational segregation of networks encoding task- and category-related aspects of semantic processing. Taken together, these findings suggest that the left frontoparietal network is recruited to process movement properties of items (including both biological and nonbiological motion) regardless of their semantic category.
Catecholamine Modulation of Evidence Accumulation during Perceptual Decision Formation: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Loughnane Gerard M. , Brosnan Méadhbh B. , Barnes Jessica J. M. , Dean Angela , Nandam Sanjay L. , O'Connell Redmond G. , Bellgrove Mark A.
Published: March 2019

Recent behavioral modeling and pupillometry studies suggest that neuromodulatory arousal systems play a role in regulating decision formation but neurophysiological support for these observations is lacking. We employed a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover design to probe the impact of pharmacological enhancement of catecholamine levels on perceptual decision-making. Catecholamine levels were manipulated using the clinically relevant drugs methylphenidate and atomoxetine, and their effects were compared with those of citalopram and placebo. Participants performed a classic EEG oddball paradigm that elicits the P3b, a centro-parietal potential that has been shown to trace evidence accumulation, under each of the four drug conditions. We found that methylphenidate and atomoxetine administration shortened RTs to the oddball targets. The neural basis of this behavioral effect was an earlier P3b peak latency, driven specifically by an increase in its buildup rate without any change in its time of onset or peak amplitude. This study provides neurophysiological evidence for the catecholaminergic enhancement of a discrete aspect of human decision-making, that is, evidence accumulation. Our results also support theoretical accounts suggesting that catecholamines may enhance cognition via increases in neural gain.
Information Geometry for Regularized Optimal Transport and Barycenters of Patterns
Authors: Amari Shun-ichi , Karakida Ryo , Oizumi Masafumi , Cuturi Marco
Published: March 2019

We propose a new divergence on the manifold of probability distributions, building on the entropic regularization of optimal transportation problems. As Cuturi ( 2013 ) showed, regularizing the optimal transport problem with an entropic term is known to bring several computational benefits. However, because of that regularization, the resulting approximation of the optimal transport cost does not define a proper distance or divergence between probability distributions. We recently tried to introduce a family of divergences connecting the Wasserstein distance and the Kullback-Leibler divergence from an information geometry point of view (see Amari, Karakida, & Oizumi, 2018 ). However, that proposal was not able to retain key intuitive aspects of the Wasserstein geometry, such as translation invariance, which plays a key role when used in the more general problem of computing optimal transport barycenters. The divergence we propose in this work is able to retain such properties and admits an intuitive interpretation.
Brain Morphometry Methods for Feature Extraction in Random Subspace Ensemble
Neural Network Classification of First-Episode Schizophrenia
Authors: Vyškovský Roman , Schwarz Daniel , Kašpárek Tomáš
Published: March 2019

Machine learning (ML) is a growing field that provides tools for automatic pattern recognition. The neuroimaging community currently tries to take advantage of ML in order to develop an auxiliary diagnostic tool for schizophrenia diagnostics. In this letter, we present a classification framework based on features extracted from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data using two automatic whole-brain morphometry methods: voxel-based (VBM) and deformation-based morphometry (DBM). The framework employs a random subspace ensemble-based artificial neural network classifier—in particular, a multilayer perceptron (MLP). The framework was tested on data from first-episode schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. The experiments differed in terms of feature extraction methods, using VBM, DBM, and a combination of both morphometry methods. Thus, features of different types were available for model adaptation. As we expected, the combination of features increased the MLP classification accuracy up to 73.12%—an improvement of 5% versus MLP-based only on VBM or DBM features. To further verify the findings, other comparisons using support vector machines in place of MLPs were made within the framework. However, it cannot be concluded that any classifier was better than another.
Semisupervised Deep Stacking Network with Adaptive Learning Rate Strategy for Motor Imagery EEG Recognition
Authors: Tang Xian-Lun , Ma Wei-Chang , Kong De-Song , Li Wei
Published: March 2019

Practical motor imagery electroencephalogram (EEG) data-based applications are limited by the waste of unlabeled samples in supervised learning and excessive time consumption in the pretraining period. A semisupervised deep stacking network with an adaptive learning rate strategy (SADSN) is proposed to solve the sample loss caused by supervised learning of EEG data and the extraction of manual features. The SADSN adopts the idea of an adaptive learning rate into a contrastive divergence (CD) algorithm to accelerate its convergence. Prior knowledge is introduced into the intermediary layer of the deep stacking network, and a restricted Boltzmann machine is trained by a semisupervised method in which the adjusting scope of the coefficient in learning rate is determined by performance analysis. Several EEG data sets are carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The results show that the recognition accuracy of SADSN is advanced with a more significant convergence rate and successfully classifies motor imagery.
Parasites of animals in Papua New Guinea recorded at the National Veterinary Laboratory: a catalogue, historical review and zoogeographical affiliations
Authors: OWEN IFOR L.
Published: March 2019

The catalogue includes more than 700 parasites of domestic and wild animals recorded at the National Veterinary Laboratory, Papua New Guinea, since data began to be gathered at the end of World War 2. It incorporates some information already published and data on parasites, particularly of indigenous fauna, not recorded previously in the country. Wildlife host species include wild pig, deer, bats, murine rodents, marsupials, monotremes, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fishes and invertebrates. The range of parasites in domestic and many wild animals shows great affinity with that found in Australia. Some notable exceptions amongst domestic animal parasites are the endoparasites Trichinella papuae, Capillaria papuensis and Mammomonogamus laryngeus and the economically significant ectoparasites Chrysomya bezziana, Tropilaelaps mercedesae and Varroa jacobsoni that are not recorded in Australia. Unusual host-parasite associations include the larvae of the insects Chrysomya spp. and Lucilia sp., parasites of warm-blooded animals, infesting, respectively, cold-blooded crocodiles and cane toads, and the mammalian mite, Sarcoptes scabiei, on an avian host, cassowaries. No host switching of helminths was seen between domestic and wild animals, or between populations of deer, wild pigs and wallabies when grazing together. The economic importance of certain parasites for domestic animals, the potential threats from introduced or newly-discovered parasites, and the relationship between some parasites and their wildlife hosts, are discussed. Information is presented in two tables: a parasite–host list that includes the location of a parasite in or on a host as well as a list of references of relevance to the country, and a host–parasite list that contains the distribution of the parasites according to province or locality.
A New Genus and Species of pompiline Spider Wasp from Northern South America (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae: Pompilinae: Priochilini)
Authors: WASBAUER MARIUS S. , KIMSEY LYNN S.
Published: March 2019

Pompiliodon gen. nov. and its type species Pompiliodon katina sp. nov. are described and illustrated. The relationships to related genera (Priochilus Banks, 1944 and Balboana Banks, 1925) are discussed.
A case of an unjustified Aphid name emendation
Authors: ENTIAUSPE-NETO OMAR M. , ABEGG ARTHUR DIESEL
Published: March 2019

The norms regarding validity and formulation of specific epithets in Zoology are ruled by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999), a published convention of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, that operates under a vast array of underlying nomenclatural principles. One of its components is Article 31, which rules upon the formation of specific or subspecific epithets for personal names, by the use of nomina (sensu Dubois 2007) under genitive case. As discussed by Dubois (2007), this has erroneously led several authors to assume that the aforementioned nomina should exclusively end in “-i” if dedicated to a man (or -orum, for plural), and in “-ae” if dedicated to a woman (or -arum, for plural) (being also important to state that this provision is sensitive on whether the chosen nomina is a modern personal name (Art. 31.1.2) or not (Art. 31.1.1)), leading to several independent proposed emendations to these names, which authors have considered as “wrong”, under the Code; the author then, proceeds to conduce a careful and extensive literature review on matter, proposing an amendment to the Code, correcting several unjustified emends, and highlighting that “[...] the stem of such a nomen is determined by the action of the original author when forming the genitive, and should be preserved by subsequent authors. Any subsequent demonstrably intentional change in the stem or ending of this nomen, other than correction of an inadvertent spelling error, must be considered an unjustified emendation [...]” (Dubois 2007: 64).
Re-evaluation of the morphology of the monotypic genera Lycastonereis Rao, 1981 and Ganganereis Misra, 1999 (Annelida, Phyllodocida, Nereididae)
Authors: CONDE-VELA VÍCTOR M.
Published: March 2019

The monotypic genera Lycastonereis Rao, 1981 and Ganganereis Misra, 1999, and their respective species L. indica Rao, 1981 and G. sootai Misra, 1999, have unique morphological traits, and are only known from India and nearby countries. Lycastonereis is diagnosed by having three pairs of anterior cirri and biramous parapodia, whereas for Ganganereis the pharynx has partially sclerotized papillae arranged in a semi-continuous row in the maxillary ring, and chaetae include only spinigers throughout the body. The morphology of these species is not adequately understood as shown by their exclusion in phylogenetic analyses, and therefore an additional morphological evaluation is needed. The re-evaluation of the genera is based upon three specimens of L. indica and the original description of G. sootai. It is shown that L. indica has rounded papillae present in both maxillary and oral rings (not restricted to the oral ring), and in all areas except area V, and neuroacicular ligules are bilobed (not the postchaetal lobes). In addition, G. sootai is morphological similar to species of Paraleonnates Khlebovich & Wu, 1962, mainly in the arrangement and kind of structures of the pharynx, parapodial morphology, and chaetae; therefore, G. sootai is transferred to Paraleonnates, and Ganganereis is regarded as a junior synonym of Paraleonnates. A key to species of Paraleonnates is included.
Atopsyche Banks (Trichoptera, Hydrobiosidae): New species, redescription, and new records
Authors: DE ANDRADE GOMES VICTOR , CALOR ADOLFO RICARDO
Published: March 2019

Atopsyche is the largest genus of hydrobiosids, comprising 139 species in three subgenera (Atopsyche, Atopsaura, and Dolochorema), distributed from southwestern United States to northeastern Uruguay. Atopsyche (Atopsaura) is the most diverse subgenus with 65 species, Atopsyche (Atopsyche) with 51, and Atopsyche (Dolochorema) with three. This paper provides a taxonomic study of Atopsyche, including descriptions of A. (Atopsyche) bravoi n. sp. from Ecuador, A. (Atopsaura) beckeri n. sp. from Cuba, A. (Atopsaura) japi n. sp. from Brazil, and the redescription of A. (Atopsaura) usingeri. Additionally, the morphological variations of A. (Atopsaura) antisuya and A. (Atopsaura) diamantina are presented, as well new records. These results contribute to taxonomical knowledge of Atopsyche and increase the number of described species to 142.
Madden–Julian Oscillations Seen in the Upper-Troposphere Vorticity Field: Interactions with Rossby Wave Trains
Authors: Wang Danyang , Yano Jun-Ichi , Lin Yanluan
Published: March 2019

The vorticity variability associated with the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is examined. The analysis is focused on the 150-hPa pressure level, because a clear dipolar-vortex signal, reminiscent of the theoretically proposed strongly nonlinear solitary Rossby wave solution (albeit with the opposite sign), is seen in raw data at that level. A local empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis over the equatorial region of the Eastern Hemisphere (0°–180°E) identifies the two principal components representing an eastward propagation of a dipolar vortex trapped to the equator. Association of this propagation structure with the moist convective variability of the MJO is demonstrated by regressing the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) against this EOF pair. The obtained evolution of the OLR field is similar to the one obtained by a direct application of the EOF to the OLR. A link of the local vorticity variability associated with the MJO to the global dynamics is further investigated by regressing the global vorticity field against the time series of the identified local EOF pair. The Rossby wave trains tend to propagate toward the Indian Ocean from higher latitudes, just prior to an initiation of the MJO, and in turn, they propagate back toward the higher latitudes from the MJO active region over the Indian Ocean. A three-dimensional regression reveals an equivalent barotropic structure of the MJO vortex pair with the signs opposite to those at 150 hPa underneath. A vertical normal mode analysis finds that this vertical structure is dominated by the equivalent height of about 10 km.
Effects of Inclusion of Adjoint Sea Ice Rheology on Backward Sensitivity Evolution Examined Using an Adjoint Ocean–Sea Ice Model
Authors: Toyoda Takahiro , Hirose Nariaki , Urakawa L. Shogo , Tsujino Hiroyuki , Nakano Hideyuki , Usui Norihisa , Fujii Yosuke , Sakamoto Kei , Yamanaka Goro
Published: March 2019

As part of the ongoing development of an ocean data assimilation system for operational ocean monitoring and seasonal prediction, an adjoint sea ice model was developed that incorporates sea ice rheology, which was omitted from previously developed adjoint models to avoid model instability. The newly developed adjoint model was merged with the existing system to construct a global ocean–sea ice adjoint model. A series of sensitivity experiments, in which idealized initial values were given for the adjoint sea ice area fraction and thickness, were conducted, with particular attention to the differences between the cases with free-drift approximation in the adjoint sea ice model as in previous studies and with full sea ice dynamics including rheology. The internal stress effects represented in the adjoint rheology induced remarkable differences in the evolution of the initialized and generated adjoint variables, such as for the sea ice velocity by O(102) in magnitude, which highlighted the importance of the adjoint rheology in the central Arctic Ocean. In addition, sensitivities with respect to the nonprognostic variables associated with the sea ice dynamics were obtained only through the adjoint rheology. These results suggested a potential for providing an improved global atmosphere–ocean–sea ice state estimation through a four-dimensional variational approach with the adjoint sea ice model as developed in this study.
Repeated Eyewall Replacement Cycles in Hurricane Frances (2004)
Authors: Molinari John , Zhang Jun A. , Rogers Robert F. , Vollaro David
Published: March 2019

Hurricane Frances (2004) represented an unusual event that produced three consecutive overlapping eyewall replacement cycles (ERCs). Their evolution followed some aspects of the typical ERC. The strong primary eyewalls contracted and outward-sloping secondary eyewalls formed near 3 times the radius of maximum winds. Over time these secondary eyewalls shifted inward, became more upright, and replaced the primary eyewalls. In other aspects, however, the ERCs in Hurricane Frances differed from previously described composites. The outer eyewall wind maxima became stronger than the inner in only 12 h, versus 25 h for average ERCs. More than 15 m s−1 outflow peaked in the upper troposphere during each ERC. Relative vorticity maxima peaked at the surface but extended to mid- and upper levels. Mean 200-hPa zonal velocity was often from the east, whereas ERC environments typically have zonal flow from the west. These easterlies were produced by an intense upper anticyclone slightly displaced from the center and present throughout the period of multiple ERCs. Inertial stability was low at almost all azimuths at 175 hPa near the 500-km radius during the period of interest. It is hypothesized that the reduced resistance to outflow associated with low inertial stability aloft induced deep upward motion and rapid intensification of the secondary eyewalls. The annular hurricane index of Knaff et al. showed that Hurricane Frances met all the criteria for annular hurricanes, which make up only 4% of all storms. It is argued that the annular hurricane directly resulted from the repeated ERCs following Wang’s reasoning.
“The Skin is the Cradle of the Soul”: Didier Anzieu on the Skin-Ego, Boundaries, and Boundlessness
Authors: Werbart Andrzej
Published: March 2019

Didier Anzieu’s notion of the skin-ego builds on a long psychoanalytic tradition that began with Freud’s idea that the ego is first and foremost a body ego, a projection in the psyche of the surface of the body, or, in other words, the idea that psychic phenomena are always embodied. An interface, a container for the ego, but also its origin: thus did Anzieu conceptualize the skin’s psychic function. The baby’s fantasy of having a common skin with the mother is the concrete starting point for a development that, through the prohibition on touching, leads to the experience of being a separate and individual person. Psychoanalytic work with severe mental disorders makes it necessary to investigate deficiencies in the skin-ego’s containing function before the patient’s psychic contents can be explored. In the psychoanalytic situation, the analyst’s words replace tactile contact and thereby contribute to healing injuries to the skin-ego. The clinical implications of Anzieu’s theoretical model are illustrated by examples from psychoanalyses of children and adults. The close connection between touch, psychic envelopes, and thinking opens a wider perspective on the necessity of setting limits to violence, against both nature and human beings.
Heterosexism, Racism, and the Mental Health of Sexual Minority People of Color
Authors: Velez Brandon L. , Polihronakis Charles J. , Watson Laurel B. , Cox Robert
Published: March 2019

In the present study, we examined the additive and multiplicative associations of heterosexist discrimination, racist discrimination, internalized heterosexism, and internalized racism with psychological distress and well-being in 318 sexual minority People of Color. We tested multiplicative associations via two sets of interactions: cross-oppression (Heterosexist Discrimination × Internalized Racism, Racist Discrimination × Internalized Heterosexism) and same-oppression (Heterosexist Discrimination × Internalized Heterosexism, Racist Discrimination × Internalized Racism). Consistent with the additive perspective, heterosexist discrimination and internalized racism were uniquely positively associated with distress, whereas internalized heterosexism and internalized racism were uniquely negatively associated with well-being. The Heterosexist Discrimination × Internalized Racism and Racist Discrimination × Internalized Racism interactions were significant in relation to both distress and well-being. Internalized racism was associated with significantly poorer mental health until heterosexist and racist discrimination reached high levels. We discuss the implications of our findings for research and practice with sexual minority People of Color.
Human Factors Engineering Contributions to Infection Prevention and Control
Authors: Drews Frank A. , Visnovsky Lindsay C. , Mayer Jeanmarie
Published: March 2019

Objective:

This article provides a review of areas that present significant challenges in infection prevention and control and describes human factors engineering (HFE) approaches that have been applied successfully to these areas. In addition, implications and recommendations for HFE use in future research are discussed.

Background:

Infection prevention and control aims to prevent patients and health care personnel from acquiring preventable infections in healthcare. Effective infection control practices of healthcare-associated infections have recently become even more critical with the emergence of life-threatening infections. HFE could benefit infection prevention and control in addressing older and more recent challenges, but uptake has been limited.

Method/Results:

This literature review is an integration and synthesis of recently published research that describes HFE-based approaches in infection prevention and control to address the challenges for three specific topics. The results of the review suggests that HFE is in a position to support work in infection prevention and control and improve overall healthcare safety.

Conclusion:

HFE provides conceptual frameworks and methods that have significant potential to improve infection prevention and control.

Application:

The work reviewed can provide potential solutions for current infection prevention and control challenges by applying HFE based recommendations.
Remote distributed monitoring system of switched reluctance motor
Authors: Cai Yan , Xie Wenlong , Zhang Haihua
Published: March 2019

The reliable operation, dynamic performance analysis and control strategy research of a switched reluctance motor (SRM) require an online monitoring system to display and record its operating status. However, due to the large amount of data, the nonlinear electromagnetic characteristics and the harsh working environment of SRM, it is very difficult to monitor a SRM’s operation status in real time. In order to solve these problems, a new structure of the SRM monitoring system, which uses Digital Signal Processor (DSP) and the hardwired Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol embedded Ethernet controller W5500, is presented in this paper. The W5500 and DSP’s direct memory access modules are employed for data capture and transfer to reduce the digital signal processing workload. The digital signal processing program is implemented by the hybrid programming method, which shortens the filtering time. Consequently, the DSP has sufficient resources to acquire multiple signals with a high sampling frequency and can adopt a more complex filtering algorithm, which enhances the accuracy and real-time performance of the system. Moreover, the amplitude–frequency characteristics of signals are analyzed. Then, the detection circuits and finite impulse response filters are designed to achieve the targeted acquisition and filtering. Besides, the impact of harsh environment on the system is reduced by adjusting the data transmission modes according to different working conditions. As a result, the scope of application of the system has been extended. The proposed system has a novel structure and strong practicability, which exhibits great guiding significance for the development of a SRM.
Female Institutional Misconduct: A Test of Deprivation, Importation, and Gendered Importation Theories
Authors: Leigey Margaret E.
Published: March 2019

Although deprivation and importation theories are frequently offered as explanations of institutional misconduct, there have been few studies that have tested either approach on women in prison. Moreover, despite research that suggests women have different pathways to crime, research studies have not incorporated gendered variables into the importation perspective. As such, this study tests three explanations of misconduct in a large sample of female inmates. Using logistic and negative binomial regressions, results support deprivation, importation, and gendered importation explanations relative to understanding of female misconduct.
Finite element method stiffness analysis of a novel telemanipulator for minimally invasive surgery
Authors: Trochimczuk Roman , Łukaszewicz Andrzej , Mikołajczyk Tadeusz , Aggogeri Francesco , Borboni Alberto
Published: March 2019

This paper presents the concept of a novel telemanipulator for minimally invasive surgery, along with numerical analysis to validate the main system performance. The proposed kinematic structure consists of a passive and an active module. The passive module is similar to the Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm - SCARA robot. The active module is based on a parallelogram mechanism. The results of the numerical study are discussed, focusing on the influence of geometry parameters of the kinematic chain on the displacement accuracy of the end-effector. In particular, the paper deals with the identification of the main factors that impact the position accuracy of the robot.
Why Military Organizations Are Cautious About Learning?
Authors: Hasselbladh Hans , Ydén Karl
Published: March 2019

This article argues that military organizations display a more rigorous form of collective sensemaking than ordinary bureaucratic organizations. Military organizing is predicated on the rigorous modes of thinking and acting that follow from the particular military propensity to impose order on chaos. This trait is antithetical to modern notions of “the learning organization,” in which exploring variety and experimenting and testing out unproven methods are central. We identify two sets of structural conditions that constitute the sociocognitive landscape of military organizations and discuss how the military logic of action might be enacted in different sociocultural contexts. Our framework is brought to bear on recent research on international military missions, and in the concluding section, we summarize our arguments and discuss their wider implications in terms of trade-offs between adaptability and other capabilities in the design of military forces.
Multimodal ensemble approach to identify and rank top-k influential nodes of scholarly literature using Twitter network
Authors: Tidke Bharat , Mehta Rupa , Dhanani Jenish
Published: March 2019

Scholarly literature is an immense network of activities, linked via collaborations or information propagation. Analysing such network can be leveraged by harnessing rich semantic meaning of scholarly graph. Identifying and ranking top- k influential nodes from various domains of scholarly literature using social media data are still infancy. Social networking sites like Twitter provide an opportunity to create inventive graph-based measures to identify and rank influential nodes such as scholars, articles, journal, information spreading media and academic institutions of scholarly literature. Many network-based models such as centrality measures have been proposed to identify influential nodes. The empirical annotation shows that centrality measures for finding influential nodes are high in computational complexity. In addition, notion of these measures have high variance, which signifies an influential node deviation with change in application and nature of information flows in the network. The research aims to propose an ensemble learning approach based on multimodal majority voting influence (MMMVI) to identify and weighted multimodal ensemble average influence (WMMEAI) to rank top- k influential nodes in Twitter network data set of well-known three influential nodes, that is, academic institution, scholar and journal. The empirical analysis has been accomplished to learn practicability and efficiency of the proposed approaches when compared with state-of-the-art approaches. The experimental result shows that the ensemble approach using surface learning models (SLMs) can lead to better identification and ranking of influential nodes with low computational complexity.
Research diversification and its relationship with publication counts and impact: A case study based on Australian professors
Authors: Jamali Hamid R , Abbasi Alireza , Bornmann Lutz
Published: March 2019

This research aims to investigate whether multi/inter-disciplinary research activities are related to research impact and publication counts of scholars. Since researchers with very high levels of multi/inter-disciplinarity might be able to target complex problems, we would expect them to receive more credits than their colleagues with a stronger disciplinary orientation. We analysed Web of Science (WoS) indexed publications of all associate and full professors from a random sample of Australian universities in physics, chemistry and biology (1980–2014). Australian Fields of Research (FoR) codes assigned to journals were used to calculate the diversification of authors’ publications. The number of citations in the first 3 years, number of 10% most frequently cited papers, and citation impact percentile were used for impact assessment. A few indicators were used to measure the diversity including ‘extent of diversification (ED)’ (number of distinct FoR codes divided by the number of publications) and ‘diversification ratio (DR)’ (ratio of the publications falling outside the dominant code to the total number of publications). A total of 47.76% of biologists’ publications, 35.23% of physicists’ publications and 20.36% of chemists’ publications were published in journals assigned to fields other than the Australian associate and full professors’ fields. Publications from biologists had the largest values of diversification. Women (compared with men) and associate professors (compared with full professors) in chemistry, biology and overall were more probably to publish diversely. ED was negatively correlated with output and citation impact. DR also had a negative but weak correlation with the number of publications and 10% most frequently cited paper.
Examining Turkish Adults’ Recalled Experiences of Their Father’s Presence
Authors: Çelik Hilal , Bulut Okan
Published: March 2019

The father plays an important role in child development, including during adolescence, in many cultures. To date, research on the impact of father presence (in a household/family) on father–child relationships has been limited, especially in Eastern cultures due to the overwhelming influence of traditional gender role attitudes. The purposes of this study are to record and compare descriptions (i.e., profiles) of the father’s presence, and to investigate Turkish adults’ reported experiences of their father’s presence during their childhood. A sample of 401 participants completed a Turkish version of the Father’s Presence Questionnaire. The resulting profiles and analyses of reports of the father’s presence show that perceptions of the fathers’ involvements with the participants and the participants’ feelings about their fathers are strongly correlated with their reported father–mother relationships as well as the mother’s support for the relationship with the father. The profiles of the male and female adult participants were quite distinct regarding recollections of physical closeness with the father because of the less frequent physical interactions between males and their fathers compared with females.
Understanding Emerging Adults’ National Attachments and Their Reactions to Athlete Activism
Authors: Smith Brent , Tryce Stephanie A.
Published: March 2019

Recently, striking numbers of U.S. professional athletes have protested social injustices during the customary pregame national anthem (e.g., not standing in protest to police brutality). Fans have met athletes’ protests with mixed reactions, thus calling into question whether fans’ national attachments might help explain their reactions. In this empirical study of emerging adults ( N = 514), we posit and find that disapproval of athlete activism is related significantly to overall national attachment. Decomposing national attachment into its respective subdimensions, we also find that fans’ disapproval relates most strongly to uncritical patriotism followed by national identity, symbolic patriotism, and constructive patriotism. Leveraging partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and importance-performance analyses, we offer a rare multifaceted look into how national attachments can shape fans’ reactions to athletes’ social protest behaviors.