bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Orthonormalized basic of fractal stepped multiwavelets – a new multiwavelet technology for signal and image processing
Authors: Hnativ Lev
Published: August 2021

A new class of fractal step functions with linear and nonlinear changes in values is described, and on their basis a recurrent method for constructing functions of a new class of fractal step multiwavelets (FSMW) of various shapes with linear and nonlinear changes in values is developed. A method and an algorithm for constructing a whole family of basic FSMW systems have been developed. An algorithm for calculating the coefficients of a discrete multiwavelet transform based on a multiwavelet packet without performing convolution and decimated sampling operations, in contrast to the classical method, is presented. A method and algorithm for fast multiwavelet transform of low computational complexity has been developed, which, in comparison with the well-known classical Mall's algorithm, is 70 times less in multiplicative complexity, and 20 times less in additive complexity.
Description and generation of the key pair in the ES Rainbow algorithm
Authors: Diachenko Andriy , Malieieva Hanna
Published: August 2021

This paper describes the representation and generation of a key pair for one of the promising candidates at the NIST USA level in the NIST PQC competition for the direction of digital signatures of the Rainbow algorithm. This algorithm is a candidate for the third round of selection and a possible option for Ukraine to build its own DS standards based on the mathematics of multivariable quadratic schemes (MQ transformations), which is used in this algorithm. Within the competition, the developers give several sets of parameters for different security levels and several possible implementations of the algorithm (classical, CZ, compressed), but the given description and performance measurements, for the described algorithm, concern the classical Rainbow scheme (although the declared performance improvement is also fair in relation to other versions).
Dermatology in COVID-19 pandemic: a review of manifestation, prevention, and treatment of personal protective equipment adverse skin reactions
Authors: Indira I Gusti Ayu Nitya , Saskara I Made Sutha
Published: August 2021

Since declared as a global pandemic by World Health Organizations on 11th March 2020, per early July 2020, COVID-19 total confirmed cases count had surpassed 11 million cases. COVID-19 poses a new challenge to healthcare workers with a new standard of care and managing COVID-19 patients. Healthcare workers must adhere to stricter hand hygiene, and the new Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) protocol brings forth new problems for healthcare workers. Skin problems have become the most common and preventable adverse effects of the daily and prolonged use of PPE. This could inadvertently cause protocol breaches, such as mask touching, scratching, or off-protocol PPE adjustment. Damage in the skin could also cause discomfort, and skin exposure may serve as a new port of entry for a secondary infection. In this study, we review various studies regarding the adverse effects, prevention, and therapy of the skin problems related to COVID-19 PPE use.
An Overview of Grammar Translation Method’s Effect on EFL Teaching And Learning
Authors: Al-maamari Aisha Ahmed Ali Hadi
Published: August 2021

In language teaching and learning, several methods are used for the effectiveness of teaching and learning activity. The researcher implemented the methods to assist the teacher in teaching the language, time after time. The methods have undergone many changes and development based on the attitude and school of thought for teaching and learning a language, so each method has a different character, technique, and implementation. This reflection will expand on the grammatical translation method (GTM) used in the nineteenth century to teach English as a foreign language. This method is based on the goal of grammatical competence. To achieve the goal, this method has several characteristic and technique which will be used in its implementation. The writer attempts to do a review by investigating 5 published articles gathered from internet websites to show the use of the grammar-translation method, its effectiveness, and why it is criticized for teaching and learning English as a foreign language. The writer’s reflection is included too.
Stuttering Disorder Therapy Using Aristotle’s Rhetoric Method In The King’s Speech Movie
Authors: As-syauqi Mas Alwis Imru'ul Qais , Setiawan Slamet
Published: August 2021

Stuttering is a speech disorder that can be caused by many aspects such trauma, incident, and illness because there is no one born with this kind of speech disorder. The researcher in this study is focused on how Fluency Shaping Therapy and Stuttering Modification Therapy were used by Lionel, can reduce Bertie’s stuttering utterance. In addition, this study is using descriptive qualitative method to analyze and describe the data. Moreover, the data in this study is in the form of dialogues between Bertie and Lionel that were collected from The King’s Speech movie using analysis document. Then, the collected data is analyzed by data condensation, data analysis, and conclusion. The result shows that these two stuttering treatments (stuttering modification and fluency shaping which part of motor learning study) can be effective therapies because each of them has procedures that can support each other. In conclusion, stuttering is not an illness that human born along with but can be caused by many things and this speech disorder cannot be cured but can be reduced and modified using two methods, stuttering modification and fluency shaping therapy. Both of them can be combined together with Aristotle’s Rhetoric as a method to teach public speaking especially those who are having problems with stuttering.
The Effect of Mobile English Learning Center to Teacher's Ability, English Proficiency and Attitude of Students in Remote Areas
Authors: Simpol Wanida , Praraksa Phoom , Sinthong Prakit , Paulina Paulina
Published: August 2021

Inequality in education is an important problem in Thailand especially English learning between urban and rural students that concerned teacher quality, socioeconomic status of students, and English learning support system that directly affects the quality of English learning. This research aimed to develop teachers' ability in teaching English, English proficiency and attitude of primary students in Loei Primary Educational Service Area Office 2 where located in the remote area of Thailand using Mobile English Learning Center based on activity based learning approach. The study conducted 2 phases in the academic year 2019 with the 157 affiliated schools comprising of 130 teachers and 1,482 students. The quantitative and qualitative data were collected through questionnaires, English skills assessment, observation, interview, and reflection meetings. Descriptive statistics were applied for quantitative data, Z-test and one sample t-test for hypothesis testing and content analysis for qualitative data. The result of this research indicated that the treatment affected teachers' ability in teaching English, English proficiency and attitude of the students with the statistical significance, and also achieved the student attitude toward English learning. The implication and recommendation were also discussed.
The Intellectual Nature of Law in the Context of Digital Transformation of Society
Authors: Bochkov Alexander
Published: August 2021

Introduction: the paper deals with the study of the intellectual aspect of law, its democratic nature in the context of the introduction of innovative technologies in electronic law. The digital transformation of society is based on the “breakthrough” innovations in the economic, political, social and legal spheres. The purpose of the study is to show the influence of mental processes on the origin and change of law. The objectives of the research are to identify the true nature of law, its purpose, the need to create electronic law, to show the opportunities and risks of the digitalization of law, the impact of information technologies on the disclosure of its potential. Methods: a pluralistic methodology that combines universal, general, and specific scientific research methods. The main methods were the dialectical and materialistic, synergetic and transdisciplinary ones. Results: being reasonable in its nature and purpose law is a combination of mathematically precise forms (sources) of law and natural human rights and freedoms, as a condition for the implementation of genuine democracy in a state-civil society. The legal world is a special, abstract, metaphysical reality artificially created by the conventional, creative genius of man. The technology expands the possibilities of the human mind, creating both challenges and risks. Many modern social processes in the conditions of synergetic, nonlinear development, the growth of entropy, disorder, risk, and a massive increase in digital information (BigData), can only be managed and predicted with the help of artificial intelligence (AI). Conclusions: the language of the human brain, neurophysiology, and digital society must be translated into the language of electronic law. To do this, it is necessary to adapt the legal engineering, to digitize the forms (sources) of law, to use the information and communication technologies, the educational platforms in the training of lawyers, to develop the special legislation on the electronic state, electronic government, AI and robotics. The metatheory of digital law, its legislative consolidation, and the mechanism of the law enforcement implementation (including the automatic one) will help to solve this problem.
“Dead Souls” in the Activities of a Joint-Stock Company: The Legal Nature and Legal Consequences
Authors: Baibekova Elmira , Ivanov Daniil
Published: August 2021

Introduction: in the paper, the authors highlight the problems of having “dead souls” or “lost” shareholders in a joint-stock company. The ways of their solution are analyzed. The purpose is to consider the advantages and disadvantages of “dead souls” in a joint-stock company. The question is raised about the need to modernize the legislation to solve this problem. Using the methods of scientific cognition, the authors analyzed the legal essence and legal consequences of the presence of “dead souls” (deceased shareholders) in the activities of joint-stock companies in order to identify the areas for improving the legislation in the field of regulating “dead souls” in a joint-stock company. Results: currently, joint-stock companies have difficulties with missing participants in the register, referred to as “dead souls”. This may cause significant losses to the joint-stock company and negatively affect the continuation of its activities. Conclusions: the majority of joint-stock companies that have previously fulfilled the obligation to maintain their own register do not now have the ability to control the personal data of shareholders and their participants. As a result, in this country, most joint-stock companies have difficulties with the presence of a general quorum at the general meetings of shareholders (50% + 1 share).
The Problems of Implementing the Procedural Relationship Between the Prosecutor and the Investigator on Applying a Measure of Restraint in Judicial Control Proceedings (Through the Example of Detention)
Authors: Abdrashitov Vagip , Kakhkhorov Davlatali , Gavrilova Violetta
Published: August 2021

Introduction: the paper examines the problems of implementing the procedural relationship between the prosecutor and the investigator in the course of judicial control proceedings when applying the measures of procedural coercion in the form of detention. In the doctrine of criminal procedure, there are different positions of processualist scientists on improving the criminal procedure activities of the prosecutor and the investigator at the stage of deciding on applying a measure of restraint in the form of detention. The authors took a keen interest in the lack of a legitimate determination of the prosecutor’s opinion on the validity and legality of the request of the preliminary investigation bodies to choose detention in the course of judicial control proceedings. It is the written opinion of the prosecutor as a form of intervention at the pre-trial stages, especially in the course of judicial control proceedings when investigating the issue of choosing detention that contributes to the court’s taking a legitimate and reasoned decision. In this context, the authors set the goal of finding and improving the efficiency of the procedural model of relations between the prosecutor and the investigator on the issue of resolving a preventive measure in the form of detention in the course of judicial control proceedings. Methods: the methodological framework for the study is a set of methods of scientific cognition, among which the main ones are the methods of cognition, comparative law and historical analysis. Results: the authors analyzed the provisions of the criminal procedure norms of the Soviet period on this issue which helped to identify a number of shortcomings in that period and in the present one, which were inherited from the past. Conclusions: the existing procedural model of interaction between the prosecutor and the investigator in a detailed study of the problem of preventive measures in the form of detention, regulated by the current criminal procedure law, does not correspond to the current state policy in relation to the Russian prosecutor, who acts on behalf of the state at all stages of criminal proceedings. In this regard, the authors, based on the analysis of numerous positions of processalist scientists, as well as the judicial and investigative practice, proposed a procedural model of interaction between the prosecutor and the investigator during the judicial control proceedings, which can be applied in regulating the relationship between the prosecutor and the investigator when considering the issue of applying a measure of restraint in the form of detention.
A Biomechanical Analysis of the Effect of Pilates Exercise on Female College Students with Knee Joint Deformity
Authors: Song Okhee , Seo Kook-Eun , O’Sullivan David Michael , Park Jung-Jun
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND Current research on genu varum shows the favorable influence of exercise on the biomechanics of the knee joint by reducing the static malalignment and mechanical imbalances, however the transference to a more optimum gait has not been investigated.OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of Pilates exercise on the changes of gait and lower limb malalignment in female students with genu varum.METHODS A total of 23 female college students with verified genu varum participated in this study. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups a Pilates exercise group (n=15) and a control group (n=8). The Pilates exercise group participated in 1 hour Pilates exercise 3 times per week for a total of 10 weeks. Each of the participants had an X-ray and performed gait 5 times before and after the exercise treatment. The participants kinetic and kinematic data were gathered using an eight Vicon Motion camera system and two force platforms.RESULTS For the Pilates group gait their maximum extension and internal rotation knee moment, and maximum adduction and internal rotation hip moment significantly increased, while the maximum knee moment flexion decreased. For the control group gait their maximum hip extension and hip adduction moment significantly decreased. For the Pilates group there was a significant reduction in the distance from the anatomical axis to the weight bearing line in the left leg, but there was no significant change for the control group.CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that Pilates exercise may be beneficial for females with genu varum by helping to improve both their static alignment and helping their gait to become more balanced.
Longitudinal Association of Handgrip Strength with Medical Use and the Risk of Hospitalization in Korean Adults
Authors: Kim Junghoon
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVES Age-related loss of muscular strength may contribute to medical health condition. Decreased handgrip strength is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases, disability, and mortality. However, it is not known whether handgrip strength is also linked with hospitalization and medical use from the long-term cohort study in middle-aged adults. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association of handgrip strength levels, medical use, and hospitalization in Korean adults.METHODS This large prospective study was based on data from Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing 2006 to 2018. In total, 9,228 participants aged ≥45 years were included for this study. Handgrip strength was measured using dynamometer, and classified into quartiles by sex-specific cutoff point.RESULTS Significantly higher hazard ratio (HR) for hospitalization was observed in lower handgrip strength (HR: 1.22, 95% CI:1.11-1.34) compared to higher handgrip strength (reference) in the fully adjusted model. We also found longitudinal association of handgrip strength levels and the use of hospitalization and outpatient medical care during 12 years following period using mixed effect modes with time-dependent interaction.CONCLUSIONS Our results suggests that lower handgrip strength was associated with increased the risk of hospitalization and use of medical care in Korean population. This study highlights the maintaining of muscular strength may play an important role in the reduction of risk for hospitalization and medical use by preventing chronic diseases.
E-government in local governments’ websites
Authors: Neves Fabrício , Silva Polyana
Published: August 2021

The literature perceives governments’ websites as an effective tool for increasing information delivery, user interaction, and the government services’ supply, being the most visible aspects of citizens concerning public management. However, the interaction of citizens with governments is still unclear. The practical implications of conducting e-government, capable of expanding this relationship, are still invisible. This study aims to provide an understanding of how governments’ websites are used as an e-government tool in local governments, highlighting how e-government concepts have been empirically employed. The study takes a qualitative approach, examining five municipalities in a microregion in the Brazilian state of Bahia. We gathered the data using a triangulation process that included semi-structured interviews, analysis of the websites, and opinion questionnaires to the citizens. Our research shows that governments lack compelling actions and coordinated internal procedures, resulting in a gap between practice and digital governance policies, resulting in low citizens' participation, and unfamiliarity with government communication channels. The study contributes to the e-government literature by offering further insight into how people and organizations influence technology use, providing elements that can guide motivated public managers to increase relationships and communication with society. We highlight the need to investigate the phenomenon of digital transformation in governments at the organizational level.
Metacognition, entrepreneurial profile, and perception of success
Authors: Estrela Pedro Marlus Cavalcante de Albuquerque , Bruni Adriano Leal , Lima Filho Raimundo Nonato
Published: August 2021

This study sought to identify to what extent metacognition has an effect on perceived success, mediated by the entrepreneurial profile. The sample we analyzed involved 194 alumni from Business Administration, Accounting, and Economics programs from public and private higher education institutions in the state of Sergipe. The procedures involved the use of structural equation modeling and the results indicated that goal orientation has a significant direct and indirect relationship with perceived success. Metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive experience have significant indirect relationships with perceived success, and this relationship takes place with the "self-realization" and "leader" dimensions of the entrepreneurial profile. As this study's contribution, we identified metacognitive characteristics that can be improved to enhance the perception of success, such as: frequently defining goals, understanding the relationship between tasks and goals, setting specific goals, frequently evaluating a task's progress, selecting the best option for problem solving, using assertive strategies in the past, gaining prior knowledge regarding a task, breaking problems into small parts, thinking before performing a task, using different strategies, organizing time and information, selecting important information, and using intuition to formulate strategies.
U.S. Zombie Firms: How Many and How Consequential?
Authors: Favara Giovanni , Minoiu Camelia , Perez-Orive Ander
Published: August 2021

The unprecedented fiscal and monetary policy support in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic has brought to the fore concerns that cheap credit could fuel the financing of zombie firms—that is, firms that are unable to generate enough profits to cover debt-servicing costs and that need to borrow to stay alive. Many observers have recently commented that zombie firms may crowd out lending to productive firms and erode the strength of the U.S. economy.
Accounting for COVID-19 Related Funding, Credit, Liquidity, and Loan Facilities in the Financial Accounts of the United States
Authors: Hoops Matthew , Kurtzman Robert
Published: August 2021

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, U.S. government policymakers took extraordinary actions to support the nation's households and businesses. As a part of this crisis response, the Federal Reserve established a number of funding, liquidity, and loan facilities to help maintain the flow of credit and improve financial conditions, in most cases with a backstop of funds appropriated by the U.S. Congress.
How Resilient Is Mortgage Credit Supply? Evidence from the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Fuster Andreas , Hizmo Aurel , Lambie-Hanson Lauren , Vickery James , Willen Paul
Published: August 2021

We study the evolution of USmortgage credit supply during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the mortgage market experienced a historic boom in 2020, we show there was also a large and sustained increase in intermediation markups that limited the pass-through of lowrates to borrowers. Markups typically rise during periods of peak demand, but this historical relationship explains only part of the large increase during the pandemic. We present evidence that pandemic-related labor market frictions and operational bottlenecks contributed to unusually inelastic credit supply, and that technology-based lenders, likely less constrained by these frictions, gained market share. Rising forbearance and default risk did not significantly affect rates on “plainvanilla” conforming mortgages, but it did lead to higher spreads on mortgages without government guarantees and loans to the riskiest borrowers. Mortgage-backed securities purchases by the Federal Reserve also supported the flow of credit in the conforming segment.
Observing Enforcement: Evidence from Banking
Authors: Kleymenova Anya , Tomy Rimmy E.
Published: August 2021

This paper finds that the disclosure of supervisory actions is associated with changes in regulators' enforcement behavior. Using a novel sample of enforcement decisions and orders (EDOs) and the setting of the 1989 Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act (FIRREA), which required the public disclosure of EDOs, we find that U.S. bank regulators issue more EDOs, intervene sooner, and rely more on publicly observable signals after the disclosure regime change. The content of EDOs also changes, with documents becoming more complex and boilerplate. Our results are stronger in counties with higher news circulation, indicating that disclosure plays an incremental role in regulators' changing behavior. We evaluate the main potentially confounding changes around FIRREA, including the S&L crisis and competition from thrifts, and find robust results. We also study changes in bank outcomes following the regime change and find that uninsured deposits decline at EDO banks, especially for banks with EDOs covered in the news. Finally, we observe that bank failure accelerates despite improvements in capital ratios and asset quality.
Earnings Shocks and Stabilization During COVID-19
Authors: Larrimore Jeff , Mortenson Jacob , Splinter David
Published: August 2021

This paper documents the magnitude and distribution of U.S. earnings changes during the COVID-19 pandemic and how fiscal relief offset lost earnings. We build panels from administrative tax data to measure annual earnings changes. The frequency of earnings declines during the pandemic were similar to the Great Recession, but the distribution was very different. In 2020, workers starting in the bottom half of the distribution were more likely to experience large annual earnings declines and a similar share of male and female workers had large earnings declines. While most workers experiencing large annual earnings declines do not receive unemployment insurance, over half of beneficiaries were made whole in 2020, as unemployment insurance replaced a median of 103 percent of their annual earnings declines. After incorporating unemployment insurance, the likelihood of large earnings declines among low-earning workers was not only smaller than during the Great Recession, but also smaller than in 2019.
A Wealth of Information: Augmenting the Survey of Consumer Finances to Characterize the Full U.S. Wealth Distribution
Authors: Bricker Jesse , Goodman Sarena , Moore Kevin B. , Volz Alice Henriques
Published: August 2021

We use the Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) to advance U.S. wealth analysis along several dimensions. We develop a comprehensive framework that modifies the SCF to recover the wealth distribution over families, tax units, and individuals from 1989 to 2019. We show that, by ignoring unequal holdings within families, existing estimates considerably understate U.S. inequality across individuals. We find wealth concentration rose through the recent economic recovery, which differs from leading models that capitalize income into wealth even after aligning conceptual differences. We illustrate that private businesses are a growing impediment to accurately modeling wealth from income.
"É tão difícil alguém vestir nossos chinelinhos": relatos de mães de crianças com TEA
Authors: Bonato da Cruz Ana Caroline , Joaquim Minetto Maria de Fátima , Dobrianskyj Weber Lidia Natalia , Fabricio de Oliveira Lurdes , Fiore Peron Cassandra Fontoura
Published: August 2021

Envolver famílias de crianças com deficiência no tratamento é uma mudança iniciada na década de 60 que se consolida cada vez mais. Pais e mães de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) fazem parte deste grupo que pode se beneficiar de tais intervenções. O objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar potencialidades e fragilidades da função parental a partir do relato de mães. A coleta de dados foi realizada com a aplicação do Programa de Qualidade na Interação Familiar – Especial que contou com dez participantes, todas mães de crianças com diagnóstico de TEA. Os encontros foram gravados e os áudios analisados a partir de semelhanças semânticas das falas das mães. Foram elencados três eixos temáticos: ser mãe de uma criança com autismo, meu filho autista e redes de apoio. As características do TEA repercutem em sobrecarga na função materna e na opção por práticas educativas parentais inadequadas. Limitações e sugestões para estudos futuros são discutidas.
Adulthood in teachers of higher education: difference in the management of their work-life balance and organizational commitment
Authors: Carvalho Carla , Pinto Ana , Santos Costa Paulo , Parreira Pedro
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to compare the extent to which a sample of Portuguese teachers in Higher Education Institutions, divided into two groups (young adults, ages 20-39 years; and advance adults, ages 40-70 years), differed in the management of their work-life balance and organizational commitment. Data collection was conducted using the Work-Family Scale, the Organizational Commitment Scale and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Between 2012 and 2019, 652 participants were enrolled in the study. Through a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA, General Linear Model procedure), results suggest that young adult teachers display higher scores of family to work facilitation, while advance adult teachers evidence higher scores of normative commitment. Given the results found, recommendations for Higher Education Institutions were outlined.
Ganhos em saúde em utentes internados em unidades de media duração e reabilitação
Authors: Almeida Diogo , Amoedo Natália , Morais Carminda , Nunes Alcina , Pimenta Rui
Published: August 2021

O envelhecimento da população, o aumento das patologias crónicas e as mudanças de perfil da rede familiar obrigaram a repensar os cuidados de saúde. Criou-se, assim, a Rede Nacional de Cuidados Continuados Integrados, sendo a Unidade de Média Duração e Reabilitação (UMDR) uma das tipologias de cuidados e foco de análise do presente estudo. Pretende-se avaliar os ganhos em saúde obtidos com o internamento em UMDR ao nível do estado cognitivo, do risco de queda e da independência funcional; relacionar o estado cognitivo no momento da admissão com a independência funcional no momento da alta; analisar os ganhos a nível do estado cognitivo, do risco de queda e da independência funcional em função do género. Realizou-se um estudo observacional, analítico e retrospectivo, segundo a metodologia STROBE. Partiu-se da análise documental inerente à base de dados da UMDR, dos doentes internados no período de 1/01/2017 a 31/12/2020, perfazendo 342 indivíduos, dos quais 33 foram excluídos. Recolheram-se dados relativos à caraterização sociodemográfica, ao momento de admissão e ao momento da alta do estado cognitivo, do risco de queda e da independência funcional, avaliados respetivamente através dos seguintes instrumentos, Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire, Berg Balance Scale e Índice de Barthel. Definiu-se o nível de significância de 5%.  A amostra foi constituída por 309 indivíduos, maioritariamente do sexo masculino, 56% (n=173), com média ± Desvio Padrão de idade 73,9±12,2 anos, casados 39,8% (n=123), reformados 83,8% (n=259) e com um diagnóstico principal de acidente vascular cerebral 45,6% (n=141). O estudo evidenciou ganhos em saúde estatisticamente significativos ao nível do estado cognitivo, do risco de queda e da independência funcional (p≤0,001). Verificaram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas no nível da independência funcional no momento da alta, atendendo ao estado cognitivo inicial (p≤0,001) e, entre géneros, ao nível dos ganhos em saúde de estado cognitivo (p=0,016), risco de queda (p≤0,001) e independência funcional (p≤0,001).
Saúde em crise
Authors: Ribeiro Machado Dora Margarida , Vieitas Amorim Pires Costa Laura Juliana , Morais Brás Manuel Alberto , Lanjeira De Almeida Assunção das Dores , Garcia Jorge Anes Eugénia Maria , Gonçalves Lourenço Ana Cristina
Published: August 2021

Introdução: Em dezembro de 2019 a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) foi informada de casos de pneumonia de etiologia desconhecida na cidade de Wuhan, China. Posteriormente foi isolado e identificado um novo Coronavírus – SARS-CoV-2. A 11 de março de 2020 a OMS declarou a pandemia, que implicou, mundialmente, a adoção de um conjunto de medidas urgentes que restringiram direitos e liberdades, potenciando situações de crise, nomedamente na área da saúde. Objetivos: Este estudo pretende avaliar o impacto da Pandemia no acesso aos serviços de saúde, pelos utentes. Metodologia: Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura, de acordo com a metodologia PICO, cuja colheita de dados foi realizada em abril de 2021, nas bases de dados SciELO, RCAAP, Cochrane Library, LILACS, PubMed, com as seguintes palavras-chave: Pandemia; Acesso aos Serviços de Saúde. Definiram-se como critérios de inclusão artigos publicados e indexados nas bases de dados científicas,entre março de 2020 eabril de 2021,acesso integral ao documento, artigos referentes a estudos quantitativos/qualitativos que retratassem a temática pertinente ao objetivo do trabalho e que respondesse à questão orientadora e artigos em português, inglês e espanhol. E como critérios de exclusão artigos quantitativos/qualitativos que não abordassem a temática, artigos que não respondessem à questão orientadora e se distanciassem do tema e artigos de RIL, dissertações de mestrado ou teses de doutoramento. Foram encontrados 284 artigos, tendo sido selecionados, após verificação dos critérios de inclusão e de exclusão 3 artigos. Resultados: A análise dos artigos incluídos no estudo permitiu abordar o impacto das medidas restritivas, suscitadas pela Pandemia, no acesso aos cuidados de saúde. Conclusão: A Pandemia por Sars-Cov-2 trouxe implicações no acesso aos cuidados de saúde, verificando-se a suspensão de tratamentos, consultas e cirurgias, com priorização de situações de urgência e emergência, potenciando situações de morbimortalidade por doenças evitáveis e tratáveis.
Literacia digital em saúde na população portuguesa, em contexto pandémico: um estudo empírico
Authors: Silva Abílio , Martins Ana Isabel , Ferreira Mª Helena , Ferreria Mª Isabel , Vieira Mariana , Silva Maia Sara
Published: August 2021

Este estudo analisa o nível deliteracia digitalem saúde na população adulta portuguesa. Foi aplicado o questionário Digital Health Literacy (DHL) a uma amostra de 306 indivíduos. O instrumento está adaptado ao contexto pandémico atualeas dimensões estudadas são: pesquisa de informação, inclusão de conteúdo próprio, avaliação da fiabilidade e determinação da relevância informativa. O nível de literacia foi considerado suficiente e concluise que esta é influenciada pelas habilitações académicas (p=0,013). Situação antagónica aconteceu com a idade (p=0326), o sexo (p=0,102), estatuto social (p=0,230) e formação na área da saúde (p=0,147), cujas relações não apresentaram resultados estatisticamente significativos.
SOEM-X: Identifying non-healthcare industries for SARS-CoV-2 exposure in the United States (Extreme Variant) v1
Authors: Walsh Michael
Published: August 2021

This protocol describes a way to identify non-healthcare industries in the United States based on the following operational definition: Any industry that does not exceed the upper boundary limit set by the third quartile plus 3 times the interquartile range for number of workers employed in healthcare occupations as defined in the Epidemiological Classification of COVID-19 Work-Relatedness and Documentation of Public-Facing Occupations of the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists Occupational Health Subcommittee. Note, this protocol extends the SARS-CoV-2 Occupational Exposure Matrix (SOEM). It exploits the fact that the SOEM does not capture risk factors of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 across all occupations in the United States: The SOEM excludes healthcare occupations as defined in the Epidemiological Classification of COVID-19 Work-Relatedness and Documentation of Public-Facing Occupations of the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists Occupational Health Subcommittee. Note further, this protocol is a variant of "SOEM-X: Identifying non-healthcare industries for SARS-CoV-2 exposure in the United States." The key distinction is that this protocol sets boundary limits for extreme outliers rather than normal outliers.
TÜRKÇE KONUŞAN OTİZM SPEKTRUM BOZUKLUĞU OLAN ÇOCUKLARDA BİÇİMBİRİMBİLGİSİ
Authors: SERVİ Ceyhun , ACARLAR Funda
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkçe konuşan OSB olan çocukların biçimbirimbilgisi özelliklerini incelemektir. Çoğunlukla İngilizce ya da diğer Hint-Avrupa dil ailesindeki dilleri konuşan OSB olan çocuklarla yapılan çalışmalarda, dilin biçimbirimbilgisi performanslarıyla ilgili farklı görüşler ortaya konmaktadır. Bu nedenle sondan eklemeli olan ve Hint-Avrupa dil ailesi dışından bir dil olan Türkçeyi kullanan OSB olan çocukların biçimbirimbilgisi performansının incelenmesinin alan yazına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Sözel olmayan zekâ bölümleri ve takvim yaşları arasında fark olmayan 18 OSB tanısı almış ve 18 normal gelişim gösteren iki grup çocuğun biçimbirimbilgisi özellikleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Sohbet bağlamında alınmış dil örneklerinin analizi ile elde edilen ölçümler, hatalar ve çabalamalar araştırmanın bulgularını oluşturmaktadır. Bulgulara bakıldığında OSB olan çocuklar normal gelişim gösteren akranlarına göre biçimbirimlerin kullanımında daha fazla hata yapmaktadırlar. Ayrıca OSB olan çocukların ortalama sözce uzunlukları daha düşüktür ve çabalamaları daha azdır. Sonuç olarak Türkçe konuşan normal gelişim gösteren çocuklar eylem ve isim çekim eklerinde neredeyse hatasız performans sergilemişlerdir. Öte yandan OSB olan çocukların hem eylem hem de isim çekim eklerinde daha fazla hata yaptıkları görülmüştür. Hint-Avrupa dillerini konuşan OSB olan çocuklardan farklı olarak Türkçe konuşan çocukların isim çekim eklerinde çok daha fazla hata yaptıkları bulunmuştur.
The association between serum calcium and chronic heart failure: A cross-sectional observational study
Authors: AR Madhura , KMV Gowda , V Jayachandra
Published: August 2021

Background: Chronic heart failure (CHF) is characterized by sustained activation of neurohormonal and cytokine systems leading to a series of end-organ changes within the myocardium referred to as left ventricular remodeling. Renin-Angiotensin system activation leading to secondary hyperaldosteronism is accompanied by ionized hypocalcemia with secondary hyperparathyroidism which causes dyshomeostasis of extra and intracellular calcium leading to cardiomyocyte necrosis. Objectives: To study the levels of serum calcium in patients of heart failure and its association with severity and duration of chronic heart failure. Methods: The study was conducted on 50 patients with CHF after taking informed consent. All patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria and underwent blood sampling, urine examination and other relevant investigations. Serum calcium levels were correlated with the severity and duration of CHF statistically. Results: Among the patients studied, 96% with ejection fraction (EF)≤ 35%, 87.5% with EF between 35-40% and 44.4% with EF ≥ 40% had low serum calcium values ≤9 mg/dl (p-value <0.001). All patients with duration of heart failure ≥ 2 years and 70.4% patients with duration of heart failure 1-2 years had low serum calcium levels ≤ 9 mg/dl (p value =0.001). Conclusion: There is a significant positive correlation of serum calcium levels with severity of heart failure as measured by EF and significant negative correlation with duration of CHF and NYHA functional grades. The degree of hypocalcemia correlates with severity of cardiomyocyte injury and extent of the neurohormonal response, and accordingly the corresponding risk of adverse cardiovascular events.
Study of factors affecting range of motion after total knee arthroplasty in Indian patients
Authors: GR Ravindra , M Kulkarni , S Patil
Published: August 2021

Background: Range of motion is an important indicator of the success of total knee arthroplasty. To our knowledge there are no studies assessing the factors affecting the range of motion after total knee arthroplasty on Indian population which prompted us to undertake this study. Method: The present prospective study for all those patients with advanced arthritis of knee satisfying inclusion criteria, between August 2009 to June 2011. A total of 430 total knee replacements were done among 327 patients during this period out of which 354 primary total knee replacements among 254 patients were included in the study. Follow ups were done at 3 months, 6 months, one year and 2 years following procedure. Result: The average age was 63.8 years with a range of 50 – 80 years. 66.1% of the patients were female and 33.9% were male. The preoperative diagnosis was osteoarthritis in 81.1% of patients and 18.9% had rheumatoid arthritis. All poly implant was used in 83.1% of patients and in 16.9% of patients metal backed was used. The posterior tibial slope had no correlation with the postoperative range of motion at all the points of follow up. The preoperative range of motion had a statistical correlation with the postoperative range of motion at all the points of follow up and in all the age groups, p <0.0001. Conclusion: A more keen watch has to be kept in all young female patients with early onset of arthritis and mange them aggressively with conservative therapy.
Coronavirus Pandemic (Covid-19): Delayed Consequences for the Prevention of Social Orphanhood
Authors: Semya G.V. , Garifulina E.S. , Freik N.V.
Published: August 2021

The article presents an expert analysis of the impact of the restrictions imposed to prevent the spread of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in Russia on the situation of families with children and the children, as well as the delayed consequences for the social orphancy system in Russia. The expert assessment is based on the results of sociological surveys of the child protection representatives, their opinion on the impact of the pandemic on the well-being of families with children and children in 9 regions, the analysis of individual organizations for orphans and children left without parental care. The data on the difference in the assessment of the situation of specialists and representatives of the non-profit sector are correlated. Conclusions are drawn about the strengthening of the “medical approach” in assessing the well-being of a child against social and personal needs, the lack of flexibility in organizing the work of the subjects of the orphancy prevention system during restrictive measures, as well as objective limitations of the remote form of providing social services and the unavailability of such services for certain family categories. The research was com- missioned by the Elena and Gennady Timchenko Charitable Foundation.
Eficacia de dos formulaciones de oxfendazol producidas localmente para el tratamiento de la cisticercosis en cerdos infectados naturalmente
Authors: Arroyo Gianfranco , Bustos Javier A. , Calcina Juan F. , Gallegos Linda , Vargas-Calla Ana , Gomez-Puerta Luis A. , Lopez Teresa , Gilman Robert H. , Garcia Héctor H. , Gonzalez Armando E. , En Cisticercosis en Perú Grupo de Trabajo
Published: August 2021

Se evaluó la eficacia de dos formulaciones de oxfendazol (OFZ) contra cisticercosis producidas localmente, al 22,5% y 10% en comparación con una formulación comercial (Synanthic 9,06%) en 22 cerdos naturalmente infectados, que recibieron una dosis oral de 30 mg/kg. Los cerdos fueron sacrificados a las ocho semanas postratamiento para evaluar quistes en en sus carcasas, y se determinó la eficacia cisticida a través de la proporción de quistes degenerados sobre el total. Solo se encontraron quistes degenerados en la musculatura, corazón y lengua de los cerdos tratados con OFZ en todos los grupos, lo cual muestra una eficacia del 100%. En los cerebros se encontraron quistes viables y degenerados, con una eficacia menor en todos los grupos (65% [OFZ comercial], 47% [OFZ local 22,5%] y 31% [OFZ local 10%], p = 0,355. Las formulaciones de OFZ producidas localmente fueron igual de efectivas que la formulación comercial y pueden proporcionar una alternativa para el tratamiento de la cisticercosis porcina.
Características clínicas y epidemiológicas de niños con infección por SARS-CoV-2 internados en un hospital peruano
Authors: Rodriguez-Portilla Ricardo , Llaque-Quiroz Patricia , Guerra-Ríos Claudia , Cieza-Yamunaqué Liliana Paola , Coila-Paricahua Edgar Juan , Baique-Sánchez Pedro Michael , Pinedo-Torres Isabel
Published: August 2021

Con el objetivo de conocer las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de niños con infección por SARS-CoV-2 internados en un hospital peruano de referencia nacional realizamos un estudio observacional, retrospectivo y descriptivo, incluimos pacientes de un mes a catorce años hospitalizados durante marzo a agosto del 2020. Se ingresaron 125 pacientes con infección por SARS-CoV-2, el 18,4% (n=23) presentaron enfermedad crítica y 16,8% (n=21) síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico (SIM). En los pacientes con SIM fue más frecuente la ausencia de comorbilidades y el antecedente de contacto epidemiológico. Tanto el grupo en estado crítico como el de SIM en comparación a los que no tuvieron estas condiciones presentaron menores recuentos de linfocitos y plaquetas; además, mayores valores de proteína C reactiva, ferritina y dímero D. Seis (4,8%) niños de los 125 fallecieron, 3 (13%) del grupo en estado crítico y ninguno del grupo con SIM.
Experiencia del uso de tocilizumab en pacientes con COVID-19 atendidos en un hospital de referencia del Perú
Authors: Morales-Avalos Antonio , Vargas-Ponce Kenneth G. , Idrogo-Alfaro Jose J. , Salas-López Juan A. , Llanos-Tejada Félix K.
Published: August 2021

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Intercambiabilidad de medicamentos en el Perú: panorama actual y perspectivas futuras
Authors: Perez-Chauca Enma , Gomes Ferraz Humberto
Published: August 2021

Los medicamentos genéricos desempeñan un papel importante en los sistemas de atención de salud, ya que representan una alternativa eficaz más asequible para la población. En el Perú, se estableció un reglamento que regula la intercambiabilidad de medicamentos genéricos (también llamados multifuentes), que define los procedimientos y requisitos a seguir para desarrollar estudios de equivalencia terapéutica in vivo e in vitro, siguiendo el enfoque de aplicación gradual y el criterio de riesgo sanitario. El cumplimiento de este reglamento permitirá un mayor acceso a medicamentos genéricos eficaces, seguros y de calidad. Mientras tanto, se siguen comercializando genéricos en ausencia de estudios de equivalencia terapéutica. Los estudios demuestran que algunos medicamentos fallaron en las comparaciones in vivo e in vitro con el medicamento de referencia. Esta implementación representa un gran desafío para los laboratorios fabricantes y los titulares de registros sanitarios a fin de demostrar la intercambiabilidad de sus productos farmacéuticos con el medicamento de referencia.
A study on heat and mass transfer analysis of solar distillation system
Authors: THAKUR Vikas , GAUR M.k. , SAGAR M.k. , TIWARI G.n.
Published: August 2021

The solar stills were developed to fulfil the freshwater need of the growing population. The paper presents the recent modifications made in still to improve their productivity like the application of phase change materials (PCM), connecting flat-plate collector (FPC), use of nanoparticles, stepped solar still, and attaching separate condenser in the still. Active solar stills are found more productive than passive ones and the thermal efficiency of active solar stills lie in the range of 50–70%, which is far better than passive still having 20–55% thermal efficiency. According to the literature studied in the paper, the maximum productivity of active solar still is 10 litres per day and in passive solar stills, it is 6 litres per day. The different approaches used to carry out the heat and mass transfer analysis of single and double slope active and passive solar stills are also discussed in the paper.