bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retention factors of experienced Malay male Architects in Malaysian architectural design consultant firms in the Klang Valley, Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Amar Ismah Sumayyah , Ariffin Mohd Hisham
Published: February 2019

The Malaysian construction industry suffers from a high rate of talent attrition within architecture design consultant firms which hinders these firms from competing locally and globally. This talent attrition hinders strategic nurturing of employees needed to sustain the firms’ involvement in the global market. This paper reports the findings of an investigation into the factors that contribute to employee retention of a purposive sample of ten male professional Malay Architects in Malaysian architecture consulting firms in the Klang Valley. It explored the reasons for respondents remaining with their employers through data collected from qualitative interviews. The data in the form of interview transcripts, interview memos and analysis memos were analyzed using category coding to generate meaning units and categories of employment retention. The analysis was based upon Alderfer’s ERG motivation theory and intrinsic motivations. It was found that existence needs (convenience, physiological needs, material security), relatedness needs (group belongingness, social needs, family obligation, friendship obligation, employment group obligation, social obligation, and social esteem), growth needs (self esteem and self-actualization) and intrinsic motives (choices, progress, competence and meaningfulness) underlie the employment retention of the respondents. The research findings provide insights about Malay male Architects employment retention factors in Malaysian architecture consulting firms.
Barriers Militating Against the Adoption of Biomimicry as a Sustainable Construction Practice
Authors: Oguntona Olusegun Aanuoluwapo , Aigbavboa Clinton Ohis
Published: February 2019

The integration of sustainable practices into construction processes and activities are imperative for achieving the greening agenda of the construction industry. However, there has been a proliferation of several sustainable construction practices (SCPs) with biomimicry standing out among them. As a novel approach that studies and emulates nature’s forms, processes, and strategies to proffer sustainable solutions to human challenges, biomimicry is beginning to gain momentum in its application across different sectors. This research sets out to identify what constitutes the barriers to the application of biomimicry. A structured questionnaire survey was conducted to establish the perception of construction professionals on the significant barriers to biomimicry adoption and implementation. A quantitative approach to data analysis was employed using the mean scores of the identified variables. Lack of awareness, lack of professional knowledge, and lack of training and education are identified as the top three barriers to biomimicry adoption and implementation. The study recommended that government, relevant professional bodies and stakeholders should encourage and embrace the adoption of biomimicry through awareness, education, training, and inclusion in the curriculum of institutions of higher learning. These will maximise the potential of biomimicry to aid innovative and sustainable outputs in the construction industry.
The Provision of Haddul Kifayah for Shelter the Actual Cost of Shelter for Asnaf Faqr and Miskin: A Comparative Study
Authors: Hasan Sharina Farihah , Rashid Khairuddin Abdul
Published: February 2019

Haddul kifayah is a method used by zakat authorities in determining eligibility for asnaf faqr and miskin to become recipient of zakat assistance. Within the haddul kifayah there is a component for the provision of shelter that includes cost for accommodation and its associated facilities and features. In the context of the provision of shelter, there has been growing concern that the provision allocated thereto has failed to meet the current cost incurred by asnaf faqr and miskin. Consequently a study to identify the sub-components for shelter of the haddul-kifayah and the monetary allocations corresponding thereto and to examine whether the identified sub-components and their monetary allocations are appropriate and sufficient in meeting the recipients’ current basic needs for shelter was carried out. The study adopted a combination of literature review and questionnaire survey. A total of 112 asnaf faqr and miskin located within the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur participated in the survey. The data collected from the survey was analysed using descriptive statistics. Results from the study identified the sub-components for shelter and their corresponding monetary allocations and confirmed the inadequacy in the provision of haddul kifayah for shelter both in terms of the amount allocated and the subcomponents thereto. The study is considered significant in two ways: (1) The study highlights the inadequacies on the provision of haddul kifayah for shelter, and; (2) The results may serve as an impetus for a comprehensive and national study on the provision of haddul kifayah for shelter to be conducted.
Potential Implementation of Light Steel Panel System For Affordable Housing Project In Malaysia
Authors: Saikah Misriyanti , Kasim Narimah , Sarpin Norliana , Mohd Noh Hamidun , Zainal Rozlin
Published: February 2019

The high demand-supply gap of affordable housing has been a major issue in Malaysia and has increased housing prices. A conventional method of construction is not reliable in delivering the increased demand for housing. Additionally, Industrialised Building System (IBS) faced difficulties to be implemented smoothly due to the issue related time, cost and quality. Therefore, light steel panel (LSP) system, is one of the IBS types; can be utilized in a housing construction project. This new system can replace the conventional method that was currently used in the construction of an affordable housing project. The objectives of this study are to identify the potential of LSP and the influencing factors of system implementation. Interviews are conducted with three project managers who have working experience in Syarikat Perumahan Negara Berhad (SPNB), Kumpulan Prasarana Rakyat Johor Sdn Bhd (KPRJ) and PIJ Property Development Sdn Bhd as a developer of affordable housing in Johor. Two contractors from G1 which have more than three years’ experiences in implementing affordable housing project in Malaysia were also interviewed. Based on the interview, it is expected to define the potential and influencing factors of the LSP system. The findings are meaningful in framing and enhancing construction housing method of an affordable housing project in Malaysia.
Dwelling Fire Safety Evacuation (DFSE): A Conceptual Approach
Authors: Abdul Aziz Nurul Ayuni , Nordin Rumaizah Mohd , Ismail Zulhabri , Yunus Julitta , Hashim Norfashiha
Published: February 2019

Fire ignition needs three elements consisting of heat, oxygen and fuel that may lead to a significant threat to life and property, in urban and rural areas. Various researches have produced statistics on fire breakouts around the globe that paid attention to residential fire. In the case of Malaysia, residential or dwellings have contributed to increased fire casualties especially related to the accidental fire that was caused by electrical origins, cooking appliances, faulty or misuse of equipment, careless handling of fire or hot substances as well as negligence. Due to that fact, the most critical features of safety in building in the fire event is evacuation or probability of safe escape. Building Information Modelling (BIM) can be utilized as it is effectively making sure that the evacuation plan is kept up to date and facilitate communications. Therefore, this paper aims to establish a conceptual framework for Dwelling Fire Safety Evacuation (DFSE). The method used for this paper is reviewing literature including journals, conference proceedings, reports and guidelines. The findings of this paper are the components of DSFE conceptual framework which consist of three elements including Fire Scenarios (i.e., design fire and boundary condition), Survival Strategies (i.e., extinguish, shelter and evacuation), and Safety (i.e., shortest time). The conceptual framework is expected to assist in future data collection for the development of the DSFE framework.
The Influence of Building Information Modelling (BIM) towards Return on Investment (ROI) from the Perspective of Malaysian Developers: A Qualitative Approach
Authors: Latiffi Aryani Ahmad , Tai Ng Hua
Published: February 2019

Building Information Modelling (BIM) was introduced in Malaysia in 2007. However, Malaysian developers were reluctant to implement BIM because they could not see the advantages of BIM in monetary terms. This paper aims to determine the impact of BIM towards Return on Investment (ROI) from the developers’ perspective. A literature review was carried out to review the linkage between BIM and ROI. The study engaged a qualitative approach and four (4) respondents were selected for preliminary data collection based on their expertise in BIM. Data was collected through face-to-face semi-structured interview sessions and was analysed using a qualitative content analysis technique. The findings show that BIM had impacted on the ROI of both the project and organisation. At present, these findings support the argument that BIM does have an impact on the ROI both positively and negatively. However, the findings prove that BIM is worthy of its pricey initial investment. It is therefore suggested that Malaysian developers to invest in BIM in spite of the pricey initial investment.
Factors Affecting the Labour Productivity in Construction Projects of Pakistan
Authors: Rahman Ismail Abdul , Memon Aftab Hameed , Memon Abdul Qadir , Shaikh Mutahar Ali , Siddiqui Fida
Published: February 2019

Construction projects are considered crucial in every developed and developing country from the perspective of economic and social development. Thus, it is mandatory to achieve successful completion of the project. Efficient production is one of the significant criteria in ensuring the success of projects. An efficient production, labour productivity is considered an important aspect. Labour productivity is affected by several factors which are essential to study for productivity improvements. Since in Pakistan, labour productivity is one of the least studied areas within the construction industry. Hence, this paper focused on determining the common factors which have influenced the labour productivity. A survey among the construction practitioners included 33 identified factors from literature. A total of 150 questionnaire forms were distributed, and only 54 completed data forms were received back. These forms were used to analyse statistically using frequency analysis with SPSS software and weighted average (WA) calculation with Microsoft Excel application. The results indicated 1 factor as very often occurring, and other 32 factors were reported as often occurring during construction works while WA value for significance revealed that there are seven factors which have extremely significant while other 26 factors lie in the category of very significant. Those seven dominating factors reported as extremely significant are the misuse of schedule, the increase of labourer age, weather changes, tool and equipment shortages, violation of safety precautions, working seven days per week without taking a holiday and lack of financial motivation system.
Architectural Styles of Malaysian Mosque: Suitability In Compact Urban Settings
Authors: Asif Nayeem , Utaberta Nangkula , Sarram Arman
Published: February 2019

The concept of urban mosque stems from more extensive reasons that mostly come from the overall issues of industrialization. Considering the challenges related to rapid urban growth, public institutions, such as mosque and its compatibility is required to be assessed in the context of compact cities. This study, therefore, aims to evaluate the planning and layout of six different styles of mosque in Malaysia regarding their suitability in compact urban settings. Due to its genre, the study adopts a case study as a qualitative research strategy as its research method. Content analysis is conducted on the compiled literature to indicate the expected outcome. Following a brief comparative discussion, this paper shows that mosque with modern architectural style among all six typologies is most suitable in the context of compact urban settings. Factors considered for the evaluation of mosques include layout progression of the mosque whether horizontal or vertical, provision for vertical stacking of spaces, symmetry in topology as well as in elevation and space types regarding flexible usage. The scope of this paper is limited to the assessment of literature only, which opens the window for a further in-depth study of actual case studies related to this topic.
Comparison On Sustainable Urban Landscape Management: Insight From Urban Green Space Governance In England, Malaysia And Singapore
Authors: Darkhani Faiza , Mohd Tahir Osman , Ibrahi Roziya
Published: February 2019

In order to achieve high-quality urban landscape management, it is important to have a proper management system. Some developing countries are facing a decline of green spaces due to lack of proper management. This paper aims to identify best management practices and provide a comparison regarding the governance of urban landscape management in the context of three countries: England, Malaysia and Singapore. It also highlights the importance of establishing more appropriate programs in order to achieve the goal of sustainability. The findings show that good and proper planning as well as programs and activities in the local government system can enhance and increase urban green space in a landscape. The contribution of this paper is to increase the local authority’s knowledge of managing the landscape and decreasing the deterioration and decline of urban green spaces in a landscape.
Stakeholder Analysis For Smart City Development Project: An Extensive Literature Review
Authors: Jayasena N.S. , Mallawaarachchi H. , Waidyasekara K.G.A.S.
Published: February 2019

The current trend in urban planning has been evolved for developing the cities smart. Smart city concept directs urban development in to a strategic path to achieve sustainability in urban development. The understanding made up on the concept of smart city within any region would be fruitful to review in this nature. Similarly, the various stakeholders who would influence and contribute on smart city development projects are profound to identify in order to make the project success. As previous researches denoted, a timely and effective consultation of relevant stakeholders is of paramount importance for the success of any project. In line of thinking, this research was aimed to conduct a stakeholder analysis through a comprehensive literature review. Thirty one (31) key literature projects were obtained from recognised research databases and were critically reviewed to identify the internal and external project stakeholders of smart city development projects. As the key findings, the concept of smart city was first recognised. Secondly, academia and research institutions, local and regional administrations, financial suppliers/investors, energy suppliers, ICT sector representatives, citizens, government, property developers, non-profit organisations, planners, policy makers, experts and scientists, political institutions and media were identified as key internal and external stakeholders of a smart city development project. The key research findings were presented through a conceptual framework. The developed framework could be utilised as a basis to analyse the different influences and contributions of stakeholders of smart city development projects in any context.
Development and physico-chemical characterization of virgin coconut oil-in-water emulsion using polymerized whey protein as emulsifier for Vitamin A delivery
Authors: Tanglao Erin Jasse , Nanda Kumar Arun Bryan , Noriega Ronald Ryan , Punzalan Mark Emile , Marcelo Philipina
Published: February 2019

Emulsion systems have become an integral part of food manufacturing, mainly as delivery vehicles of sensitive lipophilic nutrients i.e. Vitamin A. Thus, it is crucial to develop emulsions stable enough to protect these nutrients. In this study, virgin coconut oil (VCO)-in-water emulsion was prepared with polymerized whey protein as emulsifier to encapsulate Vitamin A. The VCO droplets were dispersed in water phase, and Vitamin A was dissolved in oil phase. The study aimed at developing VCO-in-water emulsion to encapsulate and protect Vitamin A, in the form of retinyl acetate, and determining physico-chemical characteristics of the emulsion. In vitro analysis was conducted to determine the stability of the emulsion in encapsulating Vitamin A. Three emulsions were prepared at different homogenization speed: 720, 846.7 and 955.8 rpm. The emulsion made with speed setting of 846.7 rpm gave the best visual characteristics, comparable with dairy butter. Thermal analyses using differential scanning calorimeter showed that the emulsion increased the energy requirement to degrade Vitamin A at simulated stomach pH. Also, microscopy results show the emulsion has an average particle diameter of approximately 10 μm, which remained stable at acidic environment of simulated digestion. Therefore, the emulsion is thermodynamically stable and shows minimal coalescence.
Effect of sonication power on perfusion decellularization of cadaveric porcine kidney
Authors: Say Sreypich , Dugos Nathaniel , Roces Susan , Mondragon John Martin
Published: February 2019

Kidney problems rank 7th among the top 10 causes of mortality among Filipinos. One of the potential future treatment options is the use of bioengineered kidney. The preparation of scaffolds is the first step in kidney bioengineering and perfusion decellularization using chemicals is considered the most preferred preparation method to date. However, the use of chemicals alone requires long treatment time hence, in this study perfusion decellularization is to be enhanced by sonication treatment at varying sonication power. Decellularization was carried out by perfusing the kidney with 1% SDS and was subjected to sonication treatment with a 2h sonication and 2h rest cycle. The cycle is repeated until the kidney is clear and transparent. Washing using 1% Triton X-100 and 1x PBS then follows to remove residual SDS. The extent of cell removal was determined by H&E staining. The results showed that decellularization with sonication using 150W, 200W and 250W required a treatment time of 24h, 16h and 12h respectively compared to the 28h treatment time of decellularization without sonication. The result clearly shows that with higher sonication power, the shorter is the decellularization time needed to prepare a good kidney scaffold.
The effect of the process condition on synthesis amorphous silica alumina from metakaolin on pore structure and crystallinity of product
Authors: Rahayu Endang Sri , Subiyanto Gatot , Shoelarta Shoerya , Hartono Marvin Indi , Elisafa Hagai
Published: February 2019

The objective of the research to study the effect of amorphous silica alumina (ASA) synthesis condition on pore structure and crystallinity. Synthesis of ASA was done by co-precipitation method, that preceded by neutralization to form a sol phase, followed by introducing a silica solution, and then aging to form an amorphous phase. Alumina solution is resulted by leaching of metakaolin from kaolin Belitung, Indonesia. The use of alumina source from this kaolin is a novelty method. Process conditions synthesis of ASA were varied on Si /Al ratio, time of neutralization and time of aging. While, a pH and temperature of neutralization are as independent process variable, of 7-8 and 50-55 °C, respectively. Characterization of ASA was performed using XRD, surface area and pore analyzer. The increasing of Si/Al ratio in starting material affects on the surface area of ASA, as well as with aging time. The best product of ASA with a specific surface area of 510 m2/g, average pore diameter of 85 Å, a total pore volume of 1.1 mL/g, and an amorphous phase of 53%-mass were observed.
Optimization of lead (II) removal in leachates using Moringa oleifera seeds
Authors: De Castro Mae Ann , Agripa Cyril Ann , Barajas John Raymond , Taniegra Faye
Published: February 2019

The absence of comprehensive programs in regulating release of lead to the environment in growing cities situated in developing countries results to widespread intrusion of lead bioaccumulation in their primary sources of food. As a result, a significant increase in lead related diseases continually grows in many low income regions. In an attempt to provide a means of minimizing lead bioaccumulation, we test the extent to which Moringaoleifera seeds (MOS) removes lead (II) ions in aqueous solution. A box-behnken experimental design was used to obtain the optimal conditions in the lead (II) removal process. MOS dosage, initial lead (II) concentration, and pH were found to have significant effects on the percent removal of lead (II) in solution. Actual values of these independent variables were chosen on the basis of preliminary experimental results. Optimum conditions were found to be: MOS dosage 10.0 g/L, initial lead (II) concentration 20.0 ppm, and pH at 5.5. Lead removal using MOS was also performed at optimal conditions. In conclusion, a high lead (II) removal using MOS strongly suggests its potential to be used as a means of treating liquids highly contaminated with lead.
Optimization of microwave-assisted alkaline pre-treatment method for the cellulolytic fermentation of abaca stripping waste into glucose
Authors: Cea Glanelle Ivy , Manlangit Julius Ryan , Reverente Marianne , Barajas John Raymond
Published: February 2019

Abaca fiber remains a vital export product that contributes primarily to the continuous economic growth of the Philippines. However, the voluminous amount of byproducts generated has consistently caused setbacks which often result to major losses to the growing abaca industry in the country. In an attempt to provide a practical solution to the emerging problem, we investigate the utilization of abaca stripping waste (ASW) as a precursor material to produce bioethanol. We test the extent of conversion of the hemicellulose-rich by product to glucose. A box-behnken experimental design was used to obtain the optimal conditions in the conversion process. Alkaline concentration (%), microwave power (W), and microwave time (min) were found to have significant influence on the glucose yield. Actual values of these independent variables were chosen on the basis of preliminary experimental results. Optimum conditions using ridge analysis were found to be: alkaline concentration 2.55%, microwave power 124.0 W, and microwave time at 1.0 min. Conversion to glucose was also performed at optimum conditions. In conclusion, a high glucose yield obtained which is suitable for bioethanol fermentation presents evidence encouraging the utilization of abaca stripping waste to produce high value products.
A systematic mapping study on the development of permeable reactive barrier for acid mine drainage treatment
Authors: Tigue April Anne , Malenab Roy Alvin , Promentilla Michael Angelo
Published: February 2019

Acid mine drainage is a result of exposure of sulfide ore and minerals to water and oxygen. This environmental pollutant has been considered the second biggest environmental problem after global warming. On the other hand, permeable reactive barrier is an emerging remediation technology which can be used to treat acid mine drainage. However, the effectiveness of this proposed remediation technology greatly depends on the reactive media. Also, treatment of acid mine drainage using permeable reactive barrier is still in the infancy stage, and long-term performance is still unknown. Hence, this study was conducted to identify what have been studied, addressed and what are currently the biggest challenges and limitations on the use of permeable reactive barrier for acid mine drainage treatment. Through systematic mapping approach, the results have shown that the reactive media used in permeable reactive barrier can be categorized into five namely iron-based, organic-based, inorganic minerals-based, industrial waste-based, and combined media. The data revealed that majority of the papers which is about 40% use combined media as the reactive substrate. The future direction is toward the use of combined media as a reactive material for AMD treatment, for instance, use of geopolymer with mine tailings and silts as reactive media in combination with organic-based media
Synthesis of dimethyl ether using a fixed bed of dual catalyst for methanol synthesis and its dehydration
Authors: Ardy Aisyah , Rizkiana Jenny , Laniwati Melia , Susanto Herri
Published: February 2019

Experimental study on direct synthesis of DME (dimethyl ether) has been conducted using tubular reactor. The synthesis of DME was performed with two commercial catalysts, ie methanol synthesis catalyst (M151, Cu-based) and methanol dehydration catalyst (γAl2O3). A mixture of H2, CO, and N2 was used as a model for synthesis gas. Gas flow rate was set at 20 mL/min (5 bar and 240oC). The reaction held at: pressure of 5 bar and a temperature of 240°C. This experiment was conducted by arranging a series of two types of catalysts in a fixed bed reactor. The methanol synthesis catalyst was placed in the upstream to ensure the reaction of methanol formation, then proceed with dehydration of methanol to DME. The objective of this experiment was to find out the best dual catalyst composition to produce a high concentration of DME. The experiment has shown that the best combination of methanol catalyst to dehydration catalyst was a mixture of 20% methanol catalyst (ratio 1/4). CO conversion was 62% and the product ratio of DME/methanol was 40%.
L'OCT plein champ
Authors: Dubois Arnaud , Boccara Claude
Published: February 2019

La tomographie par cohérence optique, plus communément appelée par son acronyme anglais OCT (optical coherence tomography), est une technique d’imagerie non invasive des milieux biologiques, à résolution micrométrique, dont l’impact le plus remarquable concerne l’ophtalmologie. L’OCT « plein champ » est une approche originale de l’OCT, inventée par les auteurs de cet article, qui est désormais disponible commercialement. Après avoir exposé le principe de l’OCT plein champ, nous détaillerons ses performances en soulignant les avantages et les inconvénients par rapport à l’OCT classique. Les potentialités de cette technique seront illustrées par quelques exemples d’applications dans les domaines de l’embryologie, la biologie du développement, l’ophtalmologie et la cancérologie. Enfin, nous présenterons différentes extensions de l'OCT plein champ, exploitant la biréfringence des tissus ainsi que leurs propriétés spectroscopiques et élastiques.Les mouvements des structures intracellulaires dans les tissus fraîchement prélevés peuvent également constituer une source de contraste complémentaire pour l'imagerie par OCT plein champ.
Epitheliale Dystrophien der Hornhaut
Authors: Finis David , Stammen Johannes , Lisch Walter , Geerling Gerd
Published: February 2019

Dieser Beitrag stellt die epithelialen und subepithelialen Hornhautdystrophien gemäß IC3D-Klassifikation und deren Abgrenzung gegenüber den Degenerationen dar. Neben der Einteilung wird auf die Diagnostik und Therapie der Hornhautdystrophien eingegangen; anschließend werden die einzelnen Krankheitsbilder besprochen.
Malaria – eine Reise durch Geschichte, Zellbiologie und Immunologie
Authors: Berker Moritz
Published: February 2019

Malaria ist eine gefährliche Infektionskrankheit, die jedes Jahr mehr als 400 000 Menschenleben kostet. Angesichts des zunehmenden Auftretens von Resistenzen gegen die verfügbaren Medikamente erscheint die Entwicklung eines Impfstoffs dringend erforderlich, doch trotz starker Bemühungen war diese bislang nicht erfolgreich beziehungsweise die verfügbaren Impfungen nicht praxistauglich. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist die Infektion mit dem Erreger P. falciparum, die zu vielfältigen Komplikationen führen kann und damit akut lebensbedrohlich ist. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Erkrankung und fokussiert dabei besonders auf den bemerkenswerten Lebenszyklus und zellbiologische Charakteristika der einzelligen Parasiten sowie deren Interaktion mit dem Immunsystem.
Flexible Arbeitsformen und die Tätigkeit in Offshorewindparks
Authors: Mette Janika , Velasco Garrido Marcial , Mache Stefanie , Harth Volker , Preisser Alexandra M.
Published: February 2019

Die Arbeit in der deutschen Offshorewindindustrie bietet Fachkräften ein neues, innovatives Tätigkeitsfeld. Die Offshorearbeit ist wesentlich durch Elemente flexibler Arbeitsformen charakterisiert. Hierzu zählen die berufsbedingte räumliche Mobilität der Beschäftigten, flexible Arbeitszeitmodelle (Schichtdienst, lange Arbeitszeiten) sowie atypische Beschäftigungsformen (Leiharbeit). Diese Elemente flexibler Arbeitsformen können mit Beanspruchungsfolgen bei den Beschäftigten verbunden sein. In Verbindung mit der räumlichen Mobilität können die Fachkräfte Schwierigkeiten erleben, ihr Arbeits- und Familienleben miteinander zu vereinbaren, ihr Arbeits- und Privatleben während der Einsätze klar voneinander zu trennen und nach Schichtende gedanklich von der Arbeit abzuschalten. Flexible Arbeitszeitmodelle (z. B. lange Arbeitszeiten) können mit Erschöpfungserleben bei den Beschäftigten einhergehen.
Sektorenübergreifende Entwicklungen in der Notfallversorgung
– Eine umfassende Analyse ambulanter und stationärer
Notfälle von 2009 bis 2015
Authors: Wahlster Philip , Czihal Thomas , Gibis Bernhard , Henschke Cornelia
Published: February 2019

Hintergrund Steigende Fallzahlen in der Notfallversorgung,
unterschiedliche Versorgungslandschaften sowie ein verändertes
Inanspruchnahmeverhalten führen zu einem sich wandelnden
Versorgungsbedarf. Diese Arbeit analysiert sektorenübergreifende
Veränderungen der Patientencharakteristika und Indikationen von
ambulant und stationär behandelten Notfällen zwischen 2009
und 2015 sowie deren mögliche Ursachen.

Methode Auf Basis von ambulanten und stationären
Abrechnungsdaten erfolgen deskriptive Auswertungen hinsichtlich
Notfalldiagnosen sowie Notfallprävalenzen auf Grundlage der
Bevölkerungszahlen und deren zeitlichen Veränderungen.
Mithilfe eines generalisierten, linearen Regressionsmodels werden regionale
Verschiebungen ambulanter Fälle in der Notfallbehandlung zwischen
dem ambulanten und stationären Sektor untersucht.

Ergebnisse Von 2009 bis 2015 steigen ambulant behandelte
Notfälle sektorenübergreifend um 4%; in den
Notaufnahmen um 42% mit den höchsten Inzidenzratios
für die 20–34-Jährigen. Stationär
aufgenommen Notfälle steigen im gleichen Zeitraum um 20%,
wobei hier ältere Patienten den größten Anteil
haben. Das absolut für die meisten Krankenhausfälle
verantwortliche ICD-Kapitel ‚Krankheiten des
Kreislaufsystems‘ weist mit 64,7% die zweithöchste
Aufnahmewahrscheinlichkeit beim Vergleich des ambulanten und des
stationären Indikationsspektrums im Krankenhaus auf. Insgesamt
zeigen sich hinsichtlich des Indikationsspektrums stärkere
Variationen im Bereitschaftsdienst. Die ambulante Notfallversorgung wird
häufiger in Anspruch genommen, je gesünder (IRR 1,15 [KI
95%: 1,13; 1,16]) und urbaner (IRR 1,14 [KI 95%: 1,13;
1,15]) die Population ist.

Schlussfolgerung Die erstmalig sektorenübergreifende Analyse
der zeitlichen Entwicklung der indikationsspezifischen Notfallzahlen auf
Grundlage von bundesweit stationären und ambulanten Abrechnungsdaten
gibt einen Einblick in das Versorgungsgeschehen an der Grenzfläche
zwischen den Sektoren. Indikationen, die sowohl ambulant im
Bereitschaftsdienst als auch in den Notfallambulanzen behandelt werden sowie
zu stationären Aufnahmen führen, weisen auf ein
Steuerungspotenzial zu dem für den Patienten richtigen
Versorgungsangebot hin. Unterschiedliches Nutzungsverhalten kann durch
Interventionen für spezifische Patientensubgruppen adressiert
werden. Notwendig für die Entwicklung aller Maßnahmen ist
jedoch die sektorenübergreifende Perspektive auf das System der
Notfallversorgung.
Trichloroisocyanuric Acid Mediated High-Yielding Synthesis of N-Acylbenzotriazoles under Mild Reaction Conditions
Authors: Singh Mala , Singh Anoop , Mishra Nidhi , Agrahari Anand , Tiwari Vinod
Published: February 2019

N-Acylbenzotriazoles are achieved in good yields from the corresponding carboxylic acids by using only 0.35 equivalent of trichloroisocyanuric acid and 1.2 equivalents of PPh3. The salient features of the developed reaction path include an economic, facile, base-free, and equally useful method in milligram to gram scale.
Post-collision hydrodynamics of droplets on cylindrical bodies of variant convexity and wettability
Authors: Khurana Gargi , Sahoo Nilamani , Dhar Purbarun
Published: February 2019

Droplet impact, dynamics, wetting, and spreading behavior on surfaces impose rich and interesting physics, in addition to extensive understanding of processed employing droplets and sprays. The physics and mechanisms become more interesting and insightful when the geometry and wettability of the surface provide additional constraints to the fluid dynamics. Post-impingement morphology and dynamics of water droplets on convex cylindrical surfaces, having diameters similar to that of the droplet, have been explored experimentally. Droplet impact and post-impact feature studies have been conducted on hydrophilic and superhydrophobic (SH) cylindrical surfaces. Effects of the impact Weber number (We) and target-to-drop diameter ratio on the wetting and spreading hydrodynamics have been studied and discussed. The post-impact hydrodynamics have been quantified employing dedicated non-dimensional variables, such as the wetting fraction, the spreading factor, and the non-dimensional film thickness at the north pole of the target. The observations reveal that the wetting fraction and spread factor increase with an increase in the impact We and a decrease in the target-to-drop diameter ratio. An opposite trend is noted for the non-dimensional film thickness at the target’s north pole. It is also deduced that the spread factor is independent of the target wettability, whereas the wetting fraction is remarkably low for SH targets. The lamella dynamics post spreading has also been observed to be a strong function of the wettability, the impact We, and the diameter ratio, and the same has been explained based on wetting and inertial principles. An analytical expression for temporal evolution of film thickness at the north pole of the cylindrical target is derived from first principles. The article also proposes a theoretical model based on energy conservation for predicting the maximum wetting fraction for variant cylindrical targets in terms of the governing We and Capillary number. It is observed that the experimental measurements are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.
Study of an application of non-parabolic complex band structures to the design for mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers
Authors: Kato Takashi , Souma Satofumi
Published: February 2019

We have investigated the influence of nonparabolicity both of an imaginary band located in a bandgap and of a conduction band to improve the accuracy of energy levels for the design of GaInAs/AlInAs mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers (QCLs). The lasing wavelength of the QCL obtained experimentally was compared to that of the calculated optical gain peak by utilizing the single-band non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) method. We calculated the energy-dependent effective mass of electrons used in the NEGF calculation from the complex band structure of each bulk material forming the QCL. In a widely lasing wavelength range of 5–10 μm, the calculated gain peaks of the QCLs each agreed very well with the lasing wavelengths obtained experimentally. We have confirmed that in designing the QCL structures, energy dependency of the energy effective mass in the complex bands is significant.
Circuit theory for electrical transport through nanopores: Effect of DNA base pair dipoles
Authors: Chui S. T. , Ziman Timothy
Published: February 2019

We study the electrical transport through nanopores affected by the presence of DNA translocations. The current through the pore depends not only on the base pair inside the pore but also on what the neighbouring base pair outside of the pore is, because the neighbouring base pair possesses an electric dipole moment that exerts an electric field at the nanopore with a magnitude which is comparable to the externally applied electric field. This physical effect has not been included in previous studies, which focused on the blockage of the current by the bases inside the pore. There is much interest in extracting the base information from the current through the pore and to sequence the DNA. This extraction including our effect requires an analytical study of the phenomena so that the inverse problem is tractable. To study the electrical transport quantitatively and analytically, we formulate a rigorous analytical circuit theory for the interaction of a conducting medium with the electromagnetic field in the presence of a nanopore. We found that the base pair dipolar field only affects the total current when another base pair is in the pore and blockage occurs. It does not change the current otherwise. The effect of these dipoles is through a change of the diffusion induced by a change at the nanopore of the local charge carrier density and not by a change of the local conductivity. In addition to the effect of the dipoles, we clarify how the large capacitive response affects the current and when it will not do so.
Temperature determination in a shock tube using hydroxyl radical A-X band emission
Authors: Jo Sung Min , Shim Hanseul , Park Gisu , Kwon Oh Joon , Kim Jae Gang
Published: February 2019

Temperature determination in a shock tube is one of the most important factors to understand the relevant flow physics inside. In the present study, the reservoir temperature determination in a shock tube using the ultraviolet emission spectra of hydroxyl radical (OH) A-X band was carried out. A radiation model for the OH A-X transition was developed, and it was validated using the benchmark data. Curve fit parameters, such as a peak-to-peak ratio and the absolute peak intensity of the P-branch, are proposed to evaluate the rotational temperature and the OH number density from the measured emission spectra. In the shock tube experiments, humid air from the atmosphere was employed as a test gas, and a small amount of the ultraviolet OH emission was measured behind the reflected shock wave. The measured spectrum was converted to the rotational temperature and the number density using the present model of the OH A-X emission. Then, the evaluated rotational temperature was compared with the calculated values of the reservoir condition behind the reflected shock wave. A good agreement was detected between the measured and the calculated temperatures, which are 4020 ± 290 K and 4110 ± 220 K, respectively. It was recognized that the reservoir temperature behind the reflected shock wave is well described by the present model of the OH A-X ultraviolet emission.
Large stark tuning of InAs/InP quantum dots
Authors: Aghaeimeibodi Shahriar , Lee Chang-Min , Buyukkaya Mustafa Atabey , Richardson Christopher J. K. , Waks Edo
Published: February 2019

InAs/InP quantum dots are excellent sources of telecom single-photon emission and are among the most promising candidates for scalable quantum photonic circuits. However, geometric differences in each quantum dot lead to slightly different emission wavelengths and hinder the possibility of generating multiple identical quantum emitters on the same chip. Stark tuning is an efficient technique to overcome this issue as it can control the emission energy of individual quantum dots through the quantum-confined Stark effect. Realizing this technique in InAs/InP quantum dots has previously been limited to shifts of less than 0.8 meV due to jumps in the emission energy because of additional charges at high electric field intensities. We demonstrate up to 5.1 meV of Stark tuning in the emission wavelength of InAs/InP quantum dots. To eliminate undesirable jumps to the charged state, we use a thin oxide insulator to prevent carrier injection from the contacts, thereby significantly improving the tuning range of the Stark effect. Moreover, the single-photon nature and narrow linewidth of the quantum dot emission are preserved under a wide range of applied electric fields. Using photoluminescence intensity measurements and time-resolved lifetime spectroscopy, we confirmed that this Stark tuning range is limited by carrier tunneling at high electric fields. This result is an important step toward integrating multiple identical quantum emitters at telecom wavelengths on a chip, which is crucial for realizing complex quantum photonic circuits for quantum information processing.
Estimation of inactivation effects against Escherichia coli O157:H7 biofilm by different plasma-treated solutions and post-treatment storage
Authors: An Jeong Yeon , Yong Hae In , Kim Hyun-Joo , Park Joo Young , Lee Sang Hui , Baek Ki Ho , Choe Wonho , Jo Cheorun
Published: February 2019

This study investigated the optimum conditions to maximize the inactivation of biofilms using both plasma-treated solutions and post-treatment storage conditions. Chemical properties of plasma-treated solutions were also analyzed to identify their possible biofilm inactivation mechanisms. Escherichia coli O157:H7 biofilms on stainless steel were prepared and immersed in distilled water (DW), 100 ppm of sodium chloride solution (NaCl), or 100 ppm of sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl), followed by container-type plasma treatment for 10 min (15 kHz and 250 W). After plasma discharge was switched off, biofilms immersed in the plasma-treated solution were stored for 10 min with the plasma apparatus closed or open. The log reduction of E. coli O157:H7 was NaOCl (3.58) > NaCl (2.06) = DW (1.95) in the closed storage condition. In addition, the bactericidal effect of NaOCl was higher in the closed condition than in the open condition. Concentrations of the hydroxyl radical (OH·) and peroxynitrite (ONOO−) were also the highest for NaOCl in the closed condition. Consequently, plasma treatment using NaOCl solution in the closed condition was found to be the optimum method for inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 biofilms, due to high hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite concentrations. This method also has the merit of using a lower concentration of NaOCl than that used typically in industry.
Broadband nonlinear optical response in Bi2Se3-Bi2Te3 heterostructure and its application in all-optical switching
Authors: Wang Qingkai , Wu Xinghua , Wu Leiming , Xiang Yuanjiang
Published: February 2019

Compared with homogeneous two-dimensional materials, two-dimensional nanomaterial heterostructures which consist of different kinds of two-dimensional materials exhibit stronger light-matter interaction. The topological insulator of Bi2Se3-Bi2Te3 heterostructures were synthesised by two-step reaction proceeding. The reaction arised in two steps: at first, Bi2Se3 nanosheets were prepared in the solvent of ethylene glycol (EG); secondly, Bi2Te3 was epitaxial grown on the Bi2Se3 nanosheets to form heterostructure materials. The spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM) effect of 457nm, 532nm and 671nm was achieved by dispersing the as-prepared Bi2Se3-Bi2Te3 heterostructure materials into ethanol as an optical medium. Furthermore, based on the effect of SSPM, a device called all-optical switching was also realized. As an interesting nonlinear optical materials, topological insulator Bi2Se3-Bi2Te3 heterostructures might be an effective proposal for photonics devices such as optical switchings, optical modulators, photodetectors, etc.
Sampling reactive regions in phase space by following the minimum dynamic path
Authors: Unke Oliver T. , Brickel Sebastian , Meuwly Markus
Published: February 2019

Understanding mechanistic aspects of reactivity lies at the heart of chemistry. Once the potential energy surface (PES) for a system of interest is known, reactions can be studied by computational means. While the minimum energy path (MEP) between two minima of the PES can give some insight into the topological changes required for a reaction to occur, it lacks dynamical information and is an unrealistic depiction of the reactive process. For a more realistic view, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are required. However, this usually involves generating thousands of trajectories in order to sample a few reactive events and is therefore much more computationally expensive than calculating the MEP. In this work, it is shown that a “minimum dynamic path” (MDP) can be constructed, which, contrary to the MEP, provides insight into the reaction dynamics. It is shown that the underlying concepts can be extended to directly sample reactive regions in phase space. The sampling method and the MDP are demonstrated on the well-known 2-dimensional Müller-Brown PES and for a realistic 12-dimensional reactive PES for sulfurochloridic acid, a proxy molecule used to study vibrationally induced photodissociation of sulfuric acid.
Influence of Frenkel defects on endurance behavior in SnO2:Cu memristors
Authors: Mei Fang , Shen Hui , Li Liben , Zang Guozhong , Shao Ye , Liu Lin , Lei Lin , Huang Fengzhen , Lu Xiaomei , Zhu Jinsong
Published: February 2019

SnO2:Cu memristor devices were fabricated to investigate the influence of Frenkel defects on endurance behavior. We controlled the oxygen pressure during pulsed laser deposition to obtain different Frenkel defect conditions. For SnO2:Cu devices with homogeneous Frenkel defects, high-resistance state (HRS) fatigue was observed with increasing switching cycles due to the reduction of interfacial barriers caused by unrecoverable fragments of conductive filaments. In bilayer SnO2:Cu devices with Frenkel defect concentration gradients, the vertical Fick force resulting from the concentration gradient can drive mobile oxygen ions to restrain the formation of unrecoverable fragments. Thus, HRS fatigue was improved by restraining the reduction of interfacial barriers. When the gradient becomes large, the bilayer devices demonstrate HRS rise and stuck switching in several switching cycles. In this case, the Fick force may dominate the diffusion of mobile oxygen ions, leading to the overfilling of oxygen vacancies at the interface and an increase in interfacial barriers.
Spin splittings from first-order symmetry-adapted perturbation theory without single-exchange approximation
Authors: Waldrop Jonathan M. , Patkowski Konrad
Published: February 2019

The recently proposed spin-flip symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SF-SAPT) first-order exchange energy [Patkowski et al., J. Chem. Phys. 148, 164110 (2018)] enables the standard open-shell SAPT approach to treat arbitrary spin states of the weakly interacting complex. Here, we further extend first-order SF-SAPT beyond the single-exchange approximation to a complete treatment of the exchanges of electrons between monomers. This new form of the exchange correction replaces the single-exchange approximation with a more moderate single-spin-flip approximation. The newly developed expressions are applied to a number of small test systems to elucidate the quality of both approximations. They are also applied to the singlet-triplet splittings in pancake bonded dimers. The accuracy of the single-exchange approximation deteriorates at short intermolecular separations, especially for systems with few electrons and for the high-spin state of the complex. In contrast, the single-spin-flip approximation is exact for interactions involving a doublet molecule and remains highly accurate for any number of unpaired electrons. Because the single-exchange approximation affects the high-spin and low-spin states of pancake bonded complexes evenly, the resulting splitting values are of similar accuracy to those produced by the formally more accurate single-spin-flip approximation.