bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Excess Deaths in Mexico City and New York City During the COVID-19 Pandemic, March to August 2020
Authors: Lajous Martín , Huerta-Gutiérrez Rodrigo , Kennedy Joseph , Olson Donald R. , Weinberger Daniel M.
Published: September 2021

Objectives. To estimate all-cause excess deaths in Mexico City (MXC) and New York City (NYC) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods. We estimated expected deaths among residents of both cities between March 1 and August 29, 2020, using log-linked negative binomial regression and compared these deaths with observed deaths during the same period. We calculated total and age-specific excess deaths and 95% prediction intervals (PIs).

Results. There were 259 excess deaths per 100 000 (95% PI = 249, 269) in MXC and 311 (95% PI = 305, 318) in NYC during the study period. The number of excess deaths among individuals 25 to 44 years old was much higher in MXC (77 per 100 000; 95% PI = 69, 80) than in NYC (34 per 100 000; 95% PI = 30, 38). Corresponding estimates among adults 65 years or older were 1263 (95% PI = 1199, 1317) per 100 000 in MXC and 1581 (95% PI = 1549, 1621) per 100 000 in NYC.

Conclusions. Overall, excess mortality was higher in NYC than in MXC; however, the excess mortality rate among young adults was higher in MXC.

Public Health Implications. Excess all-cause mortality comparisons across populations and age groups may represent a more complete measure of pandemic effects and provide information on mitigation strategies and susceptibility factors. (Am J Public Health. 2021;111(10): 1847–1850. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306430 )
Implementation of a COVID-19 Mass Vaccination Clinic to College Students in Montana
Authors: Moyce Sally , Ruff Julie , Galloway Ann , Shannon Sarah
Published: September 2021

We describe a large-scale collaborative intervention of practice measures and COVID-19 vaccine administration to college students in the priority 1b group, which included Black or Indigenous persons and other persons of color. In February 2021, at this decentralized vaccine distribution site at Montana State University in Bozeman, we administered 806 first doses and 776 second doses by implementing an interprofessional effort with personnel from relevant university units, including facilities management, student health, communications, administration, and academic units (e.g., nursing, medicine, medical assistant program, and engineering). (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print September 9, 2021:1776–1779. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306435 )
Relationship between Blood Pressure and Urine Protein in Preeclampsia at Prima Husada Hospital Sidoarjo
Authors: Santoso Andreas Putro Ragil , Masruroh Nur , Amalia Ikke Nanda , Santy Wesiana Heris
Published: September 2021

The problems related to pregnancy and childbirth including maternal and infant mortality rates can’t be removed from another causative factors that arise, one of the second cause from maternal mortality rates is preeclampsia, which is a specific disorder of hypertension caused by pregnancy at gestational age of more than 20 weeks with proteinuria and rarely occurs before 20 weeks gestational except if any kidney or trophoblastic disease. Hypertension and proteinuria to be a symptoms that often appears in preeclampsia diagnose. The relationship between of risk factor occur preeclampsia, that is blood pressure and protein urine which is the important indicator for enforcement of preeclampsia. The purpose of researchis analyze the relationship between of blood pressure and protein urine levels on the incidence of preeclampsia. The type of this research is analytic observational. Sample of this research is pregnant mother with preeclampsia in RSU Prima Husada Sidoarjo. The results use the Correlation Pearson test showed that p value for the systolic blood pressure is 0.791 and the diastolic blood pressure is 0.268, this is shows that blood pressure isn’t related with protein urine.
Correlation Between Serology Test Result of Leptospira sp. With The Representation of Histopathological Lesions on The Cattle Kidneys
Authors: Rahayu Asih , Prakoso Yos Adi , Desiandura Kurnia
Published: September 2021

Leptospirosis is an eminent diseases among human and animal health. As a zoonosis disease, the occurrence of leptospirosis is not clearly understood in animal. Furthermore, the lesion caused by Leptospira sp. is not well demonstrated. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between the result of serological test using microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and the representation of histopathological lesion in kidney from the cattle. This study used 28 samples consist of cattle serum and kidney organs. The serum was tested using MAT and kidney was tested using histopathology. The data was reported semi quantitatively and tested using Spearman test. The result showed that there is no correlation between the result of serological test to the representation of histopathological lesion from the kidney of cattle. It is supported by the coefficient correlation (0,05) and probability value p=0,78 (p≥0,05). In conclusion, the result of Leptospira sp. serological test either seropositive or seronegative uncorrelated to the representation of histopathological lesion from the cattle kidney.
A Case Report :Alprazolam Therapy in A Dextra Fronto-Parietal Meningioma Patient With Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Wibowo Prajogo , Utami Prawesty Diah
Published: September 2021

Meningiomas in the frontoparietal lobe may cause anxiety disorders and panic attacks. While alprazolam is one of the most widely used medications for anxiety disorders, long-term use may result in adverse side effects (withdrawal and rebound effects). This case study aims to describe the efficacy of long-term alprazolam administration in patients with meningiomas for regulating anxiety disorders. Case report :The asymmetrical face is the primary concern of a 65-year-old female when she is anxious. The results of the physical assessment and laboratory tests are within normal ranges. However, The HARS procedure showed moderate anxiety, and the CT scan revealed a meningioma in the right frontoparietal lobe. To regulate patient anxiety disorders, doctors give alprazolam 0.5 mg per day single dose for 4 months and tapering off for 3 months. Conclusion: Long-term administration of alprazolam in these patients can reduce the patient's anxiety disorder without causing withdrawal or rebound effects. A low dosage of alprazolam, a mild level of anxiety illness, and a slow tapering off phase were factors that contributed to the effectiveness of alprazolam treatment to suppress anxiety symptoms in this situation.
Field evaluation of GNSS/GPS based RTK, RTN, and RTX correction systems
Authors: Robert J. , Forte Michael
Published: September 2021

This Coastal and Hydraulic Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) details an evaluation of three Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)/Global Positioning System (GPS) real-time correction methods capable of providing centimeter-level positioning. Internet and satellite-delivered correction systems, Real Time Network (RTN) and Real Time eXtended (RTX), respectively, are compared to a traditional ground-based two-way radio transmission correction system, generally referred to as Local RTK, or simply RTK. Results from this study will provide prospective users background information on each of these positioning systems and comparisons of their respective accuracies during in field operations.
Chemical Characteristics And Factors Affecting Groundwater Chemistry From The Yellow River Irrigation Area In Tumochuan Plain In The Middle And Upper Reaches of The Yellow River Basin
Authors: Wang Zihe , Jin Jing , Liu Wei , Deng Tenglin , Zhao Yiping , Du Xiaofeng
Published: September 2021

The Yellow River irrigation area in Tumochuan Plain is one of the primary grain production areas in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin (YRB). The groundwater in the area is bitter and salty, which significantly influences drinking water safety of residents. To investigate its chemical characteristics and material sources, we collected 12 groundwater samplings, 3 irrigation water samplings, and 1 precipitation sample during the winter irrigation period (WIP) in November 2016 and the spring irrigation period (SIP) in April 2017, respectively. We then analysed the hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes and hydrochemical characteristics of the shallow groundwater in the study area and investigated their affecting factors by using environmental isotopes, Gibbs diagrams, Schoeller diagrams, and ion proportionality coefficient analysis. Next, we qualitatively analysed the material sources. The results show the followings: (1) The concentrations of major ions in groundwater in the SIP are generally higher than in the WIP, which may be recharged by snow melting water in the spring. (2) The average values of δD and δ18O for the groundwater are -78.0‰ and -10.3‰, respectively, in the WIP and -77.4‰ and -10.3‰, respectively, in the SIP. However, the characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in the groundwater are almost identical in the WIP and SIP. (3) The formation of groundwater chemical constituent are controlled by evaporation concentration and lixiviation, and dissolution of evaporite and mirabilite is the most important factor. Synchronously, the formation of groundwater chemical constituent is also influenced ion exchange and human activities. The study provides effective guidance for groundwater resource development in arid and semi-arid regions.
Significance of Linkage Disequilibrium and Epistasis on the Genetic Variances in Non- Inbred and Inbred Populations
Authors: Viana José Marcelo Soriano , Garcia Antonio Augusto Franco
Published: September 2021

Background The influence of linkage disequilibrium (LD), epistasis, and inbreeding on the genotypic variance continues to be an important area of investigation in genetics and evolution. Although the current knowledge about biological pathways and gene networks imply that epistasis is important in determining quantitative traits, the empirical evidence for a range of species and traits is that the genetic variance is most additive. This is confirmed by some recent theoretical studies. However, because these investigations have assumed linkage equilibrium, only additive effects, or simplified assumptions for the two- and high-order epistatic effects, the objective of this investigation was to provide additional information about the impact of LD and epistasis on the genetic variances in non-inbred and inbred populations, using a simulated data set.Results The epistatic variance in generation 0 corresponded to 1 to 10% of the genotypic variance, with 30% of epistatic genes, but it corresponded to 5 to 45% assuming 100% of epistatic genes. After 10 generations of random cross or selfing the ratio epistatic variance/genotypic variance increased in the range of 15 to 1,079%. The epistatic variances are maximized assuming dominant epistasis, duplicate genes with cumulative effects, and non-epistatic gene interaction. A minimization occurs with complementary, recessive, and dominant and recessive epistasis. In non-inbred populations, the genetic covariances have negligible magnitude compared with the genetic variances. In inbred populations, excepting for duplicate epistasis, the sum of the epistatic covariances was in general negative and with magnitude higher than the non-additive variances, especially under 100% of epistatic genes.Conclusions The LD level for genes, even under a relatively low gene density, has a significant effect on the genetic variances in non-inbred and inbred populations. Assuming digenic epistasis, the additive variance is in general the most important component of the genotypic variance in non-inbred and inbred populations. The ratio epistatic variance/genotypic variance is proportional to the percentage of interacting genes and increases with random cross and selfing. In general, the additive x additive variance is the most important component of the epistatic variance. The maximization of the epistatic variance depends on the allele frequency, LD level, and epistasis type.
WITHDRAWN: The Optimal Condition of Poly(I: C)-Induced Knockout of Cre Recombinase for Mx1-Cre/ Cre-loxP Mice
Authors: Yang Bijie , Wang Haobiao , Liu Yuanyuan , Xiao Feifei , Kuang Mei , Shu Yi , Tang Shi , Zhu Dan , Liu Shan , Jiang Tingting , Zhang Penghui , Zou Lin
Published: September 2021

BackgroundThe Cre-loxP system is widely applied for conditional knockout mice, commonly used to study the function of specific genes. Although some different promoters drive Cre expression, the poly(I: C)-inducible Mx1-Cre is the most commonly used to delete the target gene in experimental hematology. However, the optimal induction knockout condition for Mx1-Cre/ Cre-loxP mice using the Poly(I:C)-inducible Cre-loxP conditional system remains unclear. Here, we present two different components and three injection protocols of poly(I: C) to find the optimized condition. ResultsThe results showed that the better knockout efficiency of Cre-loxP in mice injected with pure poly(I: C) has than those injected with poly(I: C) with some components. From the perspective of lethal genes (Brg1), data showed that mice injected with a single high dose (500 µg) of pure Poly (I:C) had a lower knockout rate. For mice injected media-dose (10µg/g) poly(I: C) triple, which induced a high knockout rate, but the mortality rate was still high. Importantly, the mice injected low-dose (6µg/g) poly(I: C) triple, both the knockout rate and survival rate of mice was high. Similarly, the knockout rate of non-lethal mice injected with media-dose (10µg/g) or low-dose (6μg/g) poly(I: C) triple was very high, but injected with a single high dose (500 µg) of pure poly(I: C) had a low knockout rate. ConclusionOur studies provided the optimized condition for using poly(I: C)-inducible effective knockout and maintaining the survival rate for the Cre-loxP mice, which might be applied in other knockout mice for this system to ensure both the gene knockout and the mice survival.
UV-Vis Spectrophotometry Coupled to Chemometric Analysis for the Evaluation of Atrazine Photolysis and Photocatalysis
Authors: Moreira Ailton Jose , Lemos Sherlan , Coelho Dyovani , Mascaro Lucia , Freschi Gian , Pereira Ernesto
Published: September 2021

In this study, a spectrophotometric-chemometric (Spec-Chem) approach was applied as an alternative to chromatography to monitor ATZ and by-products after photolytic and photocatalytic oxidation aiming to unveil the ATZ degradation mechanism. Spec-Chem is an accessible, easy-to-operate, low-cost analytical approach to monitor atrazine (ATZ) and by-products and its applicability was validated by HPLC, the reference technique for the evaluation of pollutants degradation mechanisms. The chromatographic (DChro) and spectrophotometric (DSpec) data found 95% and 57% ATZ removal after 30 min, respectively, proving that the DSpec erroneously induces a 38% loss in removal efficiency. When DSpec was treated by Multivariate Curve Resolution (MCR) analysis for providing chemometric data (DChem), it found ATZ removal and hydroxyatrazine (HAT) formation statistically equal to DChro (t-test, p = 0.05). After unraveling the ATZ degradation mechanism using Spec-Chem, a new hypothesis for the kinetic calculation of ATZ degradation was presented, where the concentrations of ATZ and HAT were used to find k and R2 values representative for the ATZ degradation mechanism. The values found for k were compatible with the literature under similar conditions of ATZ degradation and the linear correlation coefficients (R2 = 0.99) showed an optimal fit for the proposed hypothesis. Thus, Spec-Chem was successfully applied to unravel the mechanism of photocatalytic degradation of ATZ in the presence of TiO2, while k was obtained by the new hypothesis proposed that considered ATZ and HAT concentration as parameters of kinect interest. Therefore, the importance of monitoring quantitatively ATZ and HAT were provided in this study, providing new information for the scientific community.
LINC00893 Inhibits The Progression of Prostate Cancer Through miR-3173-5p/SOCS3/JAK2/STAT3 Pathway
Authors: Yu Chuigong , Fan Yu , Zhang Yu , Liu Lupeng , Guo Gang
Published: September 2021

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the male urinary system. In recent years, the morbidity and mortality of PCa have been increasing due to the limited effects of existing treatment strategies. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) LINC00893 inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) cells, but its role in PCa has not been reported. Our study aims to clarify the role and underlying mechanism of LINC00893 in regulating the progression of PCa.Methods: We analyzed LINC00893 expression through TCGA database. We also collected 66 paires of PCa tissues and matched para-cancerous tissues as well as cell lines and assessed LINC00893 expression. Subsequently, we conducted gain-of-function assays to confirm the role of LINC00893 in PCa. CCK-8, EdU, colony information and transwell assays were implemented to detect cell proliferation, colony formation and metastasis abilities, respectively. RT-qPCR and western blot assays were used to quantify the expression of mRNA and protein. Dual-luciferase reporter, RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull down assays were conducted to evaluate the interaction of molecules. Spearman correlation coefficient analysis was conducted to detect the correlation between molecules.Results: We found that the LINC00893 expression in PCa tissues and cell lines was upregulated compared with matched controls, and patients with low expression of LINC00893 suffered a low overall survival rate. Overexpression of LINC00893 hindered the proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as well as metastasis of PCa cells in vitro and in vivo. In terms of mechanism, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3)/Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway occupied a central position in the regulation of PCa progression by LINC00893. LINC00893 weakened the inhibition role of miR-3173-5p on SOCS3 expression through functioning as a miR-3173-5p sponge, which inhibited the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Conclusions: LINC00893 suppresses the progression of prostate cancer through miR-3173-5p/SOCS3/JAK2/STAT3 pathway. our data uncovers a novel mechanism by which LINC00893 hinders the progression of PCa, which enriches the molecular network of LINC00893 regulating the PCa progression and laies a theoretical foundation for PCa targeted therapy.
Modified Osteotomy for Treatment of Forearm Deformities (Masada IIb) in Hereditary Multiple Osteochondromas: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Yan Ge , Nan Guoxin
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Approximately 30% of patients with hereditary multiple osteochondromas (HMO) have forearm deformity and dysfunction. The aim of this retrospective study was to review our experience with the surgical treatment of children with HMO and Masada IIb forearm deformities.Methods: Data of eight children treated for HMO Masada IIb forearm deformity at our hospital between 2015 and 2019 were collected from the hospital records and retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent ulnar lengthening by distraction osteogenesis using either the Orthofix or Ilizarov external fixator. Range of movements at the elbow and wrist joints, and forearm supination/pronation, before and after the operation were recorded. Radiographs were evaluated by the Fogel method, and wrist joint function by the Krimmer method.Results: Follow-up radiographs showed significant improvement in relative ulnar shortening after treatment (pre-operative 9.23 ± 5.21 mm; post-operative 0.33 ± 4.13 mm). Changes in radial articular angle (pre-operative 33.55° ± 3.88° to 32.78° ± 6.57°) and carpal slip (pre-operative 45.00% ± 19.09%; post-operative 43.13% ± 16.68%) were not significant. Elbow flexion and extension, wrist flexion and extension, ulnar and radial deviation at wrist, and forearm rotation were significantly improved after surgery. Wrist function was graded as excellent in seven patients and as good in one patient. One patient treated with the Ilizarov external fixator had poor radial head reduction.Conclusion: Ulnar lengthening with distraction osteogenesis is an effective treatment for HMO Masada IIb deformities. The optimum site for ulnar osteotomy appears to be at the proximal one-third to one-fourth of the ulna.
Pseudogene OCT4-pg5 Upregulates OCT4B Expression To Promote Bladder Cancer Progression By Competing With miR-145
Authors: Zhou Wuer , Yang Yue , Wang Wei , Yang Chenglin , Cao Zhi , Lin Xiaoyu , Wang Bangqi , Xiao Yuansong , Zhang Xiaoming
Published: September 2021

Background

Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 pseudogene 5 (OCT4-pg5) contributes to tumor progression in many cancer types, but contributions to bladder cancer (BC) have not been investigated.
Methods

Real-time quantity PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed to measure OCT4-pg5 and OCT4B expressions in different bladder cell lines and different grades of cancer. The effects of OCT4-pg5, OCT4B and miR-145 on proliferation and metastasis were determined by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Luciferase reporter assay was carried out to reveal the interaction among OCT4-pg5, OCT4B and miR-145. Flow cytometry was performed to explore the effects of OCT4-pg5 and OCT4B expression on the cell cycle stage distribution of T24 cells.
Results

OCT4-pg5 expression was significantly increased in BC cell lines, which was correlated with OCT4B expression and advanced tumor grade. Overexpression of OCT4-pg5 and OCT4B promoted the proliferation and invasion of BC cells, while miR-145 suppressed these activities. Mechanically, OCT4-pg5 3’ untranslated region (3’UTR) competed for miR-145, thereby increasing OCT4B expression. In addition, OCT4-pg5 promoted EMT by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and upregulating the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9 as well as transcription factors zinc finger E-box binding homeobox (ZEB) 1 and 2. Furthermore, elevated expression of OCT4-pg5 and OCT4B reduced the sensitivity of BC cells to cisplatin by reducing apoptosis and increasing the proportion of cells in G1.
Conclusions

These findings indicate that OCT4-pg5/miR-145/OCT4B axis promotes the progression of BC by inducing EMT via Wnt/β-catenin pathway and enhances the cisplatin resistance. It could be prospect for the therapeutic approaches for BC.
The Effect of Acmsd Gene Overexpression in The Kynurenine Pathway On The Expression Levels of Ido1 and Ifn-γ in Inflammatory Conditions: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Rostaminejad Marzieh , Rostami Abdolmohamad , Behzad-Behbahani Abbas , Dehbidi Gholam Reza Rafiei , Kalantari Tahereh
Published: September 2021

The kynurenine pathway (KP) can be involvement of in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and excessive neurotoxic metabolite production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of overexpression of murine 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde decarboxylase (Acmsd) gene in inflammatory conditions in RAW 264.7 cell line learn more about the effect of this gene on inflammatory conditions and the KP cycle. The coding sequence of the Acmsd gene was cloned into pCMV6-AC-IRES-GFP expression vector with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) marker. In order to simulate inflammatory conditions, RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were stimulated by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 24 hours before transfection, and transfected by Polyethyleneimine (PEI) with constructed plasmids expressing the Acmsd gene. The effect of Acmsd gene expression level on murine Interferon-gamma (Ifn-γ) and Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (Ido1) gene expression level was investigated by Real-Time PCR. According to the results of this study, good transfection efficiency was observed after 72 hours, and Acmsd expression level increased 29-fold (P < 0.001) in transfected LPS-stimulated cells compared to the control group (LPS-stimulated cells that were not transfected). Additionally, increased Acmsd expression level significantly down-regulated Ifn-γ (P < 0.001) and Ido1 (P < 0.01) expression level in transfected LPS-stimulated cells compared to LPS-stimulated cells. In conclusion, Acmsd overexpression in inflammatory conditions can be reduced the expression levels of Ido1 gene, and its regulator, Ifn-γ. Consequently, it may be considered as a novel regulatory factor in the KP pathway.
Value of TIMI Risk Score Combined With Global Longitudinal Strain for Predicting Major Adverse Cardiac Events After PCI in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Yang De Bin , Wang Ying Chun , Zhu Wen Ye , Wang Jing , Rong Lou Jin , Lu Min
Published: September 2021

PurposeAccurately assessing the predicting prognosis is important in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of the TIMI risk score combined with GLS for the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs)in STEMI patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)MethodsAcute STEMI diagnosed between January 2019 to June 2021 were prospectively enrolled. GLS were performed to assess left ventricular dysfunction three days post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In a 12-month follow up, three prognostic models for MACE were established based on TIMI risk score alone, TIMI risk score + GLS, and TIMI risk score + GLS + clinical risk factors, respectively, and assessed for efficiency.ResultsA total of 138 patients were enrolled. According to the follow-up results, the incidence of MACE in the patients was 19.6% (27/138). Areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were 0.703, 0.810 and 0.815, respectively, in TIMI risk score alone, TIMI risk score + GLS, TIMI risk score + GLS + clinical risk factors, indicating a significantly higher value and more efficient assessment for TIMI risk score + GLS.ConclusionCompared with the TIMI risk score alone, TIMI risk score combined with GLS provides a more efficient assessment of risk for determining the prognosis of STEMI patients.
Quantification of Acute Pulmonary Emboli using a 3D-based Computed Tomography Method: Comparison with the Qanadli score, Biomarkers, and Clinical Prognosis
Authors: Huang Wei-Ming , Wu Wen-Jui , Yang Sheng-Hsiung , Sung Kuo-Tzu , Hung Ta-Chuan , Hung Chung-Lieh , Yun Chun-Ho
Published: September 2021

Background: Detailed descriptions of acute pulmonary emboli (PE) morphology, total embolic volume (TEV), and their effects upon patients’ clinical presentation and prognosis remain largely unexplored.Methods and Results: We studied 201 subjects with acute PE to the emergency department of a single medical center from April 2009 to December 2014. Patient hemodynamics, Troponin I and D-dimer levels, echocardiography, and the mortality at 30- and 90-days were obtained. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of pulmonary structures and 3-dimensional measures of embolic burden were performed. The results showed a linear association between the greater TEV and each of the following 4 variables (increasing incidence of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, higher systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP), greater RV diameter, and RV/left ventricular (LV) ratio (all p < 0.001)). Among the measures of CT and echocardiography, TEV and RV/LV ratio were significantly associated with impending shock. In backward stepwise logistic regression, TEV, age and respiratory rate remained independent associated with impending shock (OR: 1.58, 1.03, 1.18, respectively and all p < 0.005).Conclusions: Total embolic burden assessed by CT-based quantification serves as a useful index for stressed cardiopulmonary circulation condition and can provide insights into RV dysfunction and the prediction of impending shock.
Studying the Association Between Breast Cancer and Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Jazieh Khalid A , Baidoun Firas , Torrejon Nataly , Merjaneh Zahi , Saad Anas , Gad Mohamed , Farouk Amal , Ornstein Moshe , Abraham Jame
Published: September 2021

Purpose: There are case reports of patients with both primary breast cancer (BC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We explore the association between these two malignancies using SEER population data and our institutional records.Methods: We studied the association between BC and RCC in the 2000-2016 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. We then reviewed our hospital records of patients with both BC and RCC and collected information including personal and family history of cancers, genetic testing, and patient outcomes.Results: Of the 813,477 females diagnosed with BC in the SEER database, 1,914 later developed RCC. The risk of developing RCC was significantly increased within the first six months, 7-12 months, and 1-5 years following BC diagnosis with standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of 5.08 (95% CI, 4.62- 5.57), 2.09 (95% CI, 1.8-2.42), and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.06-1.24), respectively. Of 56,200 females with RCC, 1,087 later developed BC. The risk of developing BC following RCC was elevated within the first six months (SIR of 1.45 [95% CI, 1.20-1.73]). For our hospital patients, 437 had both BC and RCC. 427 (97.71%) were female, and 358 (81.92%) were white, and breast cancer was diagnosed before RCC in 246 (61.5%) patients. There were 15 germline mutations in those with genetic testing. Conclusion:Our findings suggest that BC patients are at higher risk of developing RCC and vice versa. BC tended to precede RCC, and patients frequently had personal histories of other malignancies and a family history of cancer, particularly BC.
Development and Evaluation of Models to Predict Readmission or Death After Discharge from Intensive Care
Authors: Boyd Jamie M , James Matthew T , Zuege Danny J , Stelfox Henry Thomas
Published: September 2021

Background
Patients being discharged from the intensive care unit (ICU) have variable risks of subsequent readmission or death; however, there is limited understanding of how to predict individual patient risk. We sought to derive risk prediction models for ICU readmission or death after ICU discharge to guide clinician decision-making.
Methods
Systematic review and meta-analysis to identify risk factors. Development and validation of risk prediction models using two retrospective cohorts of patients discharged alive from medical-surgical ICUs (n = 3 ICUs, n = 11,291 patients; n = 14 ICUs, n = 11,400 patients). Models were developed using literature and data-derived weighted coefficients.
Results
Sixteen variables identified from the systematic review were used to develop four risk prediction models. In the validation cohort there were 795 (7%) patients who were re-admitted to ICU and 703 (7%) patients who died after ICU discharge. The area under the curve (AUROC) for ICU readmission for the literature (0.615 [95%CI: 0.593, 0.637]) and data (0.652 [95%CI: 0.631, 0.674]) weighted models showed poor discrimination. The AUROC for death after ICU discharge for the literature (0.708 [95%CI: 0.687, 0.728]) and local data weighted (0.752 [95%CI: 0.733, 0.770]) models showed good discrimination. The negative predictive values for ICU readmission and death after ICU discharge ranged from 94%-98%.
Conclusions
Identifying risk factors and weighting coefficients using systematic review and meta-analysis to develop prediction models is feasible and can identify patients at low risk of ICU readmission or death after ICU discharge.
Development of a Novel CTCs/CTMs Related Prognostic Signature for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Li Xiangyu , Shi Yuanxin , Zhao Kai , Lu Yun , Qiu Peng , Deng Zhengdong , Yao Wei , Wang Jianming
Published: September 2021

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy and the third most deadly cancer worldwide. Previous studies have demonstrated that circulating tumor cells are involved in the occurrence and development of various cancers, including HCC. For this study, we aimed to comprehensively analyze data related to HCC to develop a prognostic model based on CTCs/CTMs related genes (CRGs). Methods: Data were obtained from TCGA, ICGC, and GEO. Firstly, we screened the differentially expressed CRGs and constructed a signature in the TCGA cohort by Lasso‐penalized Cox regression analysis and the multivariate cox regression analysis. Then, the prognostic model was validated in the ICGC dataset and GES14520 dataset with survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic analysis. Moreover, we investigated the clinical significance of prognostic signature, including the correlations with clinical characteristics, immune cell infiltration, and immune checkpoints. Next, we also established the nomogram and to better predict the prognosis of patients. We identified five potential small molecule drugs by Connectivity Map (CMap) and validated them using the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD). Besides, we further explored the biological role of CDCA8 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.Results: The prognostic signature exhibited good predictive power and clinical application. Besides, the signature was associated with immune checkpoints (PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA4), implying that high-risk patients might benefit more from immunotherapy. Additionally, In vitro experiments showed that CDCA8 could promote the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and silencing CDCA8 could lead to cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis.Conclusion: We developed a multi-gene classifier that can effectively help the HCC patients benefit from target therapy or immune therapy. And CDCA8 may be the next therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma.
A Long-Term Negative Effect of Monetary Incentives On Participatory Surveillance of Animal Disease
Authors: Kewprasopsak Tossapond , Singhapreecha Charuk , Yano Terdsak , Doluschitz Reiner
Published: September 2021

Background
Generally animal diseases affect widely on human health, therefore practical animal diseases surveillance system is important controlling system to motivate participants in the long term. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of monetary and social motivation on the participatory surveillance of animal diseases. Based on the Fiske’s relational theory (1992), we proposed that there were basically two types of motivation; monetary incentives (monetary markets) and non-monetary incentives (social markets). Our hypothesis is that the effort by monetary motivation is higher than the efforts by social motivation during the payment period. This effort decreases at the end of the payment period, whereas the effort by social motivation is stable.
Methods
We analyzed the data generated by a pilot project that started in 2014 by using a smartphone application to report on the symptoms that indicate animal health malfunctions in Chiang Mai province, northern Thailand. This experiment involved the participation of 67 volunteers from 17 areas in the central part of the province.
Results
The results of the experiment demonstrated that monetary motivation was more effective during the payment period. However, after the termination of the payment period, the social motivation group was more effective. The volunteers given monetary motivation demonstrated not only lower effort than those given social motivation, but the group with monetary motivation was also not re-motivated immediately by social motivation after the payment period had terminated.
Conclusions
In the long run, the social motivation was more efficient and sustainable than the monetary motivation.
Effect of Moisture Content On The Time-Dependent Mechanical Characteristics of Loess
Authors: Chen Lijie , Peng Jianbing , Xie Fei , Leng Yanqiu , Ma Penghui , Nan Jingjing , Yan Ruixin
Published: September 2021

It is of great significance to study the time-dependent mechanical properties of loess, as loess landslides are closely related to them. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of moisture content on instantaneous and time-dependent deformation, strength and failure behaviors of undisturbed loess specimens from Nangou in Yan'an City, Shanxi Province, China, via triaxial shearing tests and multi-loading triaxial creep tests under moisture contents of 5%, 10%, 17% and 22%. The results show that the time-dependent deformation of loess increase with the moisture content, while the time-dependent deformation rate decreases slowly. The soil deformation is divided into four stages based on the peak strain rate. Furthermore, the instantaneous and long-term strength of loess decrease with increasing moisture content, and the instantaneous strength decreases more than the long-term strength. The failure mode of undisturbed loess changes from shear failure to homogeneous failure with increasing moisture content; when the failure mode is shear failure, the thickness of the shear band that forms at the specimen surface over time is smaller than the corresponding thickness that forms instantaneously. Finally, the macroscopic morphology and microstructure of loess specimens were considered together to analyze the effect of moisture content on the instantaneous and long-term mechanical behavior of loess and to discuss the process of loess deformation to failure.
Has Iran achieved the goal of reducing the prevalence of households faced with catastrophic health expenditure to 1%? The results of a national study
Authors: Piroozi Bakhtiar , Mahmoodi Hassan , Safari Hossein , Bolbanabad Amjad Mohamadi , Rezaei Satar , Moradi-Joo Mohammad , Shokri Azad
Published: September 2021

Background

Access to universal health coverage and reducing the prevalence of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) to 1% are the commitments of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of households exposed to CHE.
Methods

This cross-sectional study was performed on 2000 households in five provinces of Iran in 2021. Data were collected through interviews using the World Health Survey questionnaire.
Results

Data from households whose health care costs were more than 40% of their capacity to pay were included in the group of households with CHE. Determinants of CHE were identified using multivariate regression analysis. 8.3% of households were exposed to CHE. The variables of being a female head of household, use of inpatient, outpatient, dental, and rehabilitation services, families with disabled members and low economic status of the households were significantly associated with increased odds of facing CHE.
Conclusion

In the final year of the sixth five-year development plan, Iran has not yet achieved its goal of "reducing the percentage of households exposed to CHE to 1%," and a high percentage of Iranian households still face CHE. Policymakers should pay attention to factors increasing the chance of facing CHE in designing interventions and this can help the goal of financial protection against health costs.
Vero Cells Gain Renal Tubule Markers in Low-calcium and Magnesium Chemically Defined Media
Authors: Logan Megan , Rinas Karsten , McConkey Brendan , Aucoin Marc G.
Published: September 2021

In this study, a chemically defined, animal component-free media was developed to promote Vero growth in suspension. Key media compounds were screened using Plackett-Burman styled experiments to create a media formulation to support suspension growth. Vero cells remained viable in suspension, but their growth rate was extremely low, conversely, other cell types such as CHO-K1, MDCK and HEK293T were able to grow in single cell suspension in the same media. To investigate the slow growth of Vero cells, RNA-seq analysis was conducted. Vero cells were cultured in three different conditions: adherently in serum-containing medium, adherently in in-house medium, and in suspension in low calcium and magnesium in-house medium. This study illustrates that adherent cells maintain similar gene expression, while the suspension phenotype tends to overexpress genes related to renal tubules.
Associations between a Polymorphism in the rat 5-HT1A Receptor Gene Promoter Region (rs198585630) and Cognitive Alterations Induced by Microwave Exposure
Authors: Li Hai-Juan , Gao Yu , Zou Yong , Qiao Si-Mo , Zhi Wei-Jia , Xu Xin-Ping , Zhou Hong-Mei , Ma Li-Zhen , Wang Lifeng , Hu Xiang-Jun
Published: September 2021

The nervous system is a sensitive target of electromagnetic radiation (EMR). Chronic microwave exposure can induce cognitive deficits, and the 5-HT system is involved in this effect. Genetic polymorphisms lead to individual differences. In this study, we evaluated whether the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs198585630 of the 5-HT1A receptor is associated with cognitive alterations in rats after microwave exposure. The transcriptional activity of the 5-HT1A receptor promoter containing the rs198585630 C/T allele was determined in vitro. Electroencephalograms (EEGs), spatial learning and memory, and the mRNA and protein expression of 5-HT1A receptor were evaluated in vivo. We demonstrated that the transcriptional activity of 5-HT1A receptor promoter containing the rs198585630 C allele was higher than that of 5-HT1A receptor promoter containing the T allele. The transcriptional activity of the 5-HT1A receptor promoter was stimulated by 30 mW/cm2 microwave exposure, and the rs198585630 C allele was more sensitive to microwave exposure, as it showed stronger transcriptional activation. Rats carrying the rs198585630 C allele exhibited increased mRNA and protein expression of 5-HT1A receptor and were more susceptible to 30 mW/cm2 microwave exposure, showing cognitive deficits and inhibition of brain electrical activity.
Effect of National Basic Public Health Services On The Health of Internal Migrants in China
Authors: Zhao Liange , yuan hongbin , Wang Xueyuan
Published: September 2021

Objective

This paper evaluates the effect of National Basic Public Health Services (NBPHS) on the health of internal migrants in China.
Study design:

The study design used in this research is a cross-sectional study.
Methods

Data were obtained from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS) of 2017, including 150,384 internal migrants at the age of 15–59. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to estimate the effect of NBPHS.
Results

The findings indicate that NBPHS is successful in improving the health of internal migrants. Different matching algorithms showed the improvement ranging from 2.7 to 2.9 percentage points for the indicator of self-reported health, compared with the reduction of the probability of having disease ranging from 3.3 to 3.7 percentage points in the past year. However, gains are not shared equally. Heterogeneity analysis found significant improvement in the health of patients with hypertension, but the health improvement of diabetics was relatively small. There was also no significant effect on patients with both hypertension and diabetes. Similarly, less improvement was observed in those over 65 years old.
Conclusions

This research suggests that policymakers should not only pay attention to the equalization of project implementation but also focus on narrowing the benefits gap between different groups of internal migrants. This finding highlights the importance of encouraging more young doctors to provide health services in primary institutions and promoting the sinking of high-quality medical resources.
Clinical Efficacy of Endoscopic Technique in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Anastomotic Complications: a Retrospective Study
Authors: Deng Shenghe , Gu Junnan , Cao Yinghao , Mao Fuwei , Liu Ke , Wang Jiliang , Wu Ke , Cai Kailin
Published: September 2021

Background: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of endoscopic technique in treating postoperative anastomotic complications of digestive tract. Methods: Clinical data of patients received endoscopic treatment in our hospital due to anastomotic complications after gastrointestinal surgery from January 2015 to December 2018 were collected for retrospective analysis. Endoscopic intervention was used for postoperative anastomotic complications in all the included cases. The time of the intervention measures, laboratory examination, incidence of complications and postoperative follow-up were observed and analyzed.Results: A total of 88 patients were included in the study, including 43 patients with anastomotic stenosis,22 with anastomotic obstruction,23 with anastomotic fistula. For anastomotic obstruction patients, 36 patients with anastomosis were successfully treated with endoscopy. For anastomotic obstruction patients, 18 cases were successfully treated with endoscopy. For anastomotic fistula patients, 21 cases were successfully treated with endoscopy.During follow-up after the endoscopic procedure, 4 patients with anastomotic stenosis needed endoscopic intervention again, 3 cases undertook surgical intervention and 2 cases maintained acceptable defecation function by intermittent dilation with a plastic dilater. one patients with anastomotic obstruction had stent displacement and was removed. For the anastomotic fistula patients,one case relapsed and then underwent endoscopic intervention again, three cases converted to surgical intervention.Preoperative and postoperative blood biochemical examination had no significant statistical significanceConclusion: Endoscopic treatment of anastomosis complications was effective for some of the patients, especially for those with anastomosis stenosis or stricture, considering its saftey, it might be the first choice for anastomosis complications.
Nitrogen enhanced sorghum morpho-physiological activity, and antioxidant capacity
Authors: Ahmad Irshad , Zhu Guanglong , Zhou Guisheng , Song Xudong , Jamal Yousaf , Eldeen Muhi , Gabralla Ebtehal , Hussain Shahid , jun Wangjian
Published: September 2021

Imbalanced mineral nutrition and scant information about nitrogen (N) in plants may result in reduction in sorghum morpho-physiological activities. However, farmers use higher or lower fertilizer doses regarding sorghum growth and yield. This study was undertaken to determine the response of sorghum morpho-physiological activities to different rates of nitrogen (N) during two growing seasons of 2017 and 2018. The treatments were consisted of a factorial combination of three N levels (N1 = 0 kg N ha− 1, N2 = 150 Kg N ha− 1, and N3 = 300 kg N ha− 1) and two varieties (V1 = CFSH30, and V2 = Siyong 3180). Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Our results found that N application (N2 and N3) significantly increased plant growth and morpho-physiological activities; leaf length increased by 2.7–8.9%, leaf width by 0.4–4.5%, plant height by 27.8–20.5%, Specific leaf weight by 4.2–10.9%, leaf weight by 18.4–17.4%, and protein contents by 39.5–117.0% compared to N1. Interestingly, higher rates of N reduced number of plants m− 2 by 42.4–24.8% but increased number of plants m− 2 weight kg− 1 by 11.6–62.8%. Moreover, compared with control, N enhanced CAT activity by 92.8-131.9%, SOD by 81.2–84.5%, and POD by 43.6–52.8% in 2017 and 2018. This study indicated that N3 significantly performed best among all treatments during the two growing seasons particularly in case of V1. Moreover, we also concluded that V1 performed better in terms of producing higher leaf width, plant height, specific leaf weight, stem weight, number of plants m2 (weight/kg− 1), protein contents, and antioxidant enzymes activity as compared to V2.