bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microbiological indicators and humic acids of alluvial meadow and meadow-marsh soils of the Selenga River delta
Authors:   Institute of General and Experimental Biology SB RAS, Korsunova TS.D.-TS. , Baldanov N.D. ,   Buryat State Agricultural Academy
Published: December 2024

The paper examines the microbiological activity and structural features of humic acids in soils of the Selenga River delta, the main waterway of Lake Baikal. The objects of the study were alluvial meadow and meadow-bog soils formed under various moisture and vegetation conditions. The physicochemical properties of soils, the composition of humus and humic acids, and their microbiological characteristics were studied. It was found that humus of alluvial meadow soils is characterized by a high degree of humification and a predominance of aromatic structures in humic acids, which is associated with the vigorous activity of microorganisms. In meadow-bog soils, excess moisture suppresses microbiological processes, reducing the rate of decomposition of organic matter. Spectroscopic and elemental studies of humic acids confirmed their high conservatism, which ensures soil resistance to external influences and their adsorption capacity. The results are important for assessing the ability of soils in the Selenga River delta to perform biogeochemical and water protection functions.
Each soil type is characterized by certain parameters of the content and composition of humus, which depend on the zonal features of soil formation. There is a significant change in the content of humus and its qualitative composition in arable soils, it has a significant influence on the course of soil processes and, above all, on the humification and microbiological activity.
Humus stability in alluvial meadow and meadow-marshy soils of the Selenga river delta is caused by structural and functional parameters of humic acids. High amount of aromatic fragments as a part of molecules is revealed. The considerable share of reactionary-capable functional groups defines high adsorption capacity of the soils.
Teaching foreign languages to older adult learners: preliminary observations
Authors: Karczewska Małgorzata , Zygmunt Marcin
Published: December 2024

When discussing the topic of teaching and learning foreign languages, what comes to one’s mind first seems often to be the school environment in which learning a foreign language is obligatory throughout the entire education. However, adult learners, including older adult learners (OALs), and their foreign language learning process require scientific investigation as part of life-long learning proven to be an important aspect of the well-being of seniors in the psychological, social and medical dimension.
The aim of the paper is to take a closer look at what experiences related to foreign language learning older adult learners have, what their motivation is about, what teaching methods and materials they find efficient, what difficulties they experience and what could enhance the process of foreign language learning. In order to find answers to these questions, an online Google form questionnaire was created which was filled in by respondents aged 60 or above.
The answers received, despite being limited in number, show that OALs have experience with learning several European languages, they want to communicate with foreigners, including members of their family, in both travel and at work. They prefer private classes based on conversations, as well as the use of course books and other printed materials. The main difficulties include a lack of time and memory-related problems while having an opportunity to use the language in practice and having a good teacher could enhance the foreign language process.
ORGANIZACIJOS DARBUOTOJŲ MOTYVACINĖS SISTEMOS PAGRINDU SUKURTA VERTĖ
Authors: Kasparienė Jurgita , Mačiunskienė Asta
Published: December 2024

Šiandieninės organizacijos veikia intensyvios konkurencijos ir labai dinamiškos išorinės aplinkos sąlygomis. Šių aplinkybių kombinacijoje itin aktualūs tampa gebėjimai strategijoje identifikuoti tinkamus, efektą - pažangą duodančius tikslus, bei gebėjimas pasiekti išsikeltus tikslus.  Organizacijos strategija tampa aktuali, kai reikia numatyti verslo plėtros kryptį, kuriamų produktų ir teikiamų paslaugų paklausą, išlikti rinkoje ir gauti pelno. Todėl strateginis planavimas tampa ypač svarbus stabilaus verslo pagrindas. Organizacijos norėdamos pasiekti strategijoje suplanuotus tikslus, turi turėti unikalius, išskirtinius išteklius. Vienas svarbiausių – darbuotojai. Tai yra vienas sunkiausiai pasiekimų konkurencinių pranašumų. Turėti darbuotojus (žmogiškuosius išteklius) nėra svarbiausia užduotis, svarbiausia užduotis yra organizacijos žinios, dalijimasis su darbuotojais bei gebėjimas strategiškai kryptingai valdyti darbuotojus.  Organizacijos vadovų pagrindinė užduotis tampa gebėjimas suderinti atskirų darbuotojų ir organizacijos tikslus, gauti geriausią rezultatą bei kartu pasiekti organizacijos užsibrėžtus tikslus. Svarbu tampa ne tik turėti išskirtinius žmogiškuosius išteklius, tačiau ir sukurti tokią motyvacinę sistemą, kuri sąlygotų darbuotojų prisidėjimą prie strateginių tikslų įgyvendinimo.
RESULTS OF MICROPERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTRIPSY TREATMENT OF THE KIDNEY STONES UP TO 2 sm
Authors: Protoshchak V. , ORLOV D. , PARONNIKOV M. , BABKIN P. , Kushnirenko N.
Published: December 2024

The paper presents comparative analysis of the results of treatment of the kidney stones up to 2 sm by means of micropercutaneous nephrolithotripsy. It was found that the use of ureteral shell during the surgical intervention improves the treatment efficiency by 16%. The use of ureteral stent was proved to reduce surgical time from 87.9±1.3 min to 71.4±1.4 min when the ureteral shell is applied. The total number of postoperative complications as well as supplementary instrumental interventions was noted to decrease by 16,7%.
THE EXPERIENCE OF THE USE OF DISTANCE EDUCATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF A SUPPLEMENTARY EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM OF PROFESSIONAL UPGRADING ON TEMPORARY DISABILITY EXAMINATION
Authors: VLASOV A. , SANAKOEVA E. , GOLOVINOVA V. , DEM'YaNKOV K.
Published: December 2024

The paper describes an experience of implementation of a supplementary educational program of professional upgrading on temporary disability examination with the use of elearning and distance education technologies.
Antibacterial Effect of Aloe vera Ethanol Extract Against the Growth of Bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli through ZOI Test, MIC and MBC Measurement
Authors: Damayanti Dini Sri , Dewata Putra Agung , Hidayah Nuris Bashirotul
Published: December 2024

Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive bacterium while Escherichia coli is a gram-negative bacterium that often causes infections and be used as a bacteriological model for many antibacterial screenings. Aloe vera is known to have active compounds that act as antibacterial, however, the effect of Aloe vera ethanol extract on the inhibition of growth and death of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria is not clear yet.
Aloe vera was extracted using maceration in ethanol. Phytochemical tests were carried out to de-termine the active compounds in the extract [3]. To measure antibacterial efficacy, a disc diffusion method using concentrations of 3,125%, 6,25%, 12,5%, 25%, 50%, 100%, control (+) and control (-) was done using S. aureus and E. coli. Data analysis using One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test and then continued Tukey's Post Hock test with a significance of p< 0.05 [4] Minimum Inhibi-tion Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was then determined with the same concentrations.
The study's Aloe vera ethanol extract contained flavonoids and alkaloids. The zone of inhibitions diameter on both bacteria at the concentration of 3.125%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25% and the negative con-trol were 0 mm. At 50% concentration, the diameter was 7.67±0.58 mm, while at 100% concentra-tion was 20.67±1.53 mm. The diameter of tetracycline and amoxicillin were 34 mm and 36 mm, respectively. MIC and MBC of Aloe vera ethanol extract against Staphylococcus aureus at a concen-tration of 12.5% while against Escherichia coli at a concentration of 25%. Aloe vera ethanol extract has antibacterial effects and is able to inhibit and kill Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria with higher inhibitory power against Staphylococcus aureus than against Escherichia coli.
Hyperglycemia and Pancreatic Damage in Sucrose-Immersion-Induced Zebrafish
Authors: Salsabil Alfiyah , Damayanti Dini Sri , Bintari Yoni Rina
Published: December 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and structural changes in the Langerhans islets and a decrease in the number of pancreatic beta cells [2]. Zebrafish is one of the animals that can be used as a model of hyperglycemia. The study aims to prove the effect of sucrose immersion on blood glucose levels and changes in Langerhans islet structure in zebrafish.
Laboratory research, and using posttest group control only research design. The research sample was 30 adult male zebrafish. The research groups consisted of Normal (N), G1 (1% sucrose immersion), G2 (2% sucrose immersion), and G3 (4% sucrose immersion). Sucrose induction is a modification of previous researchers [1],[4]. Sucrose induction was carried out for 28 days. The process of changing the bath water was carried out every 2 days. Zebrafish care followed laboratory procedures. At the end of the study, zebrafish were fed for 10 hours. The sacrifice process was carried out by placing the zebrafish in ice water for 10 minutes. After the fish was unconscious, the tail was cut to check fasting blood glucose levels using glucotest. Next, the pancreas organ was taken. Pancreatic organs were made in the form of preparate histology with HE staining. Langerhans islet damage data were calculated manually, the number of cells experiencing pycnosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis, vacuolization and diameter of the Langerhans islet then converted into a degree of damage [3]. Blood glucose data and islet Langerhans damage were analyzed using oneway ANOVA with a significance of p<0.05.
The highest glucose level was achieved at G3 (188.67 ± 15.97mg/dL) different from N (84.17 ± 5.71mg/dL), G1 (131.67 ± 3.78mg/dL) and G2 (137.83 ± 4.71mg/dL) (p<0.05). The level of Langerhans islet damage was highest in G3 (81.8%) compared to N (3.8%), G1 (33.8%) and G2 (62.65%) p<0.05. The area of islets of Langerhans was smaller in G3 (7126.67 ± 1482.9) compared to N, G1 and G2 p<0.05 and the diatemer of Langerhans islet was smaller in G3 (69.698 ± 8.47μm) compared to N, G1 and G2 p<0.05.
MWCNT/Prusya Mavisi Tabanlı Esnek Elektrotlar ile Yüksek Duyarlılıkta Elektrokimyasal H2O2 Tespiti
Authors: Arslan Beste Şimay , Şen Mustafa
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışmada, H2O2’nin yüksek duyarlılık ve seçicilikte ölçümü için esnek ekran baskılı bir sensör geliştirilip karakterize edilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında öncelikle, elektrokimyasal analiz sonuçlarına göre elektrot yapımında kullanılmak üzere çok duvarlı karbon nanotüp (MWCNT), Prusya mavisi (PB) ve akrilik vernik içeren özgün bir iletken pasta optimize edilerek hazırlanmıştır. Sonrasında, MWCNT/PB iletken pastası kullanılarak CNC cihazı yardımıyla üretilen yapışkan kalıplarla bir asetat kağıdına elektrotlara ait çalışma ve karşıt elektrotlar basılmıştır. Referans elektrotların üretimi yine benzer şekilde gümüş (Ag) pasta ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elektrotlar oda sıcaklığında 4 saat kurumaya bırakıldıktan sonra CNC cihazıyla kesilerek üretilmiş izolasyon bandı elektrotların algılama alanını belirlemek ve izolasyon sağlamak amacıyla elektrotların üzerine yapıştırılmıştır. Asetat kâğıdı, uzunluğu 3,4 cm ve genişliği 1,0 cm olacak şekilde kesilerek esnek elektrotların üretim işlemi tamamlanmıştır. Elektrotların elektrotların H2O2 ölçümünde performansı dönüşümlü voltametri (CV) ve kronoamperometri teknikleri kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, elektrotların teorik davranışa yakın bir performans sergilediğini ve H2O2'yi yüksek duyarlılıkla ölçtüğünü göstermektedir. Geliştirilen sensörün, oksidatif stresin gerçek zamanlı izlenmesi, hastalıklara zamanında müdahale ve kişiselleştirilmiş sağlık hizmetlerinin kolaylaştırılması açısından uygulama potansiyeline sahip olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Extraction of Traffic Flow Models Using Typical Traffic Information from Google
Authors: Abdulrahman Hassan Shuaibu , Ekuma Gabriella Amarachi
Published: December 2024

One way to control or reduce congestion is by sharing traffic information through traffic models. These models include the estimation of travel time from a desired place of origin-destination, the speed-flow-density parameters help to calculate the travel time. This thesis extracted traffic flow models by utilizing the extensive collection of real-time traffic information made available through Google Maps Application at a cost-efficient rate despite its representation of traffic conditions through color codes without the attachment of traffic models compared to the traditional methods of data collection to reduce traffic congestions. Therefore, the objective of this research includes data collection variables from Google Maps traffic information using real-time and historical traffic data, data processing by estimating vehicle speed, flow and density from Google traffic information through congestion color codes and model selection, development, and evaluation through the use of trendline equations. To create dynamic and precise traffic models, better understanding of traffic pattern is expected to lead to more efficient urban planning, traffic control, and infrastructure opti-mization.
RDX Geri Kazanımı: Atıktan Yüksek Katma Değerli Ürünlere
Authors: Köse Özge , Ülkü Metin Ayşegül
Published: December 2024

Üretim tarihinden itibaren uzun yıllar depolamaya maruz kalmış olan mühimmat, çeşitli sebeplerle kullanılamayacak hale gelmektedir. Atık durumundaki Comp-B mühimmatı hem maliyetli hem de çevreyi olumsuz yönde etkileyen bir imha prosesi ile bertaraf edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, kullanım ömrünü tamamlamış Comp-B içindeki RDX’in geri kazanımı araştırılmıştır. Patlayıcıların geri kazanımı ve yeniden kullanımı, imha yoluyla bertaraf edilme işlemine karşı daha çevreci ve ekonomik bir yoldur. Bileşimi, yaklaşık %60 RDX ve %40 TNT’den oluşan Comp-B, mühimmatın ana dolgusundan mekanik yolla alınmış, RDX ve TNT’nin farklı çözücülerdeki çözünürlük farklarından yararlanarak, RDX katı faza, TNT çözücü fazında bırakılmaya çalışılmıştır. Proses verimliliğine başlangıç Comp-B derişimi ve karıştırma süresi gibi parametrelerin etkisi araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen RDX’in saflığı Yüksek Performanslı Sıvı Kromatografisi (HPLC), Morfolojik ve yapısal özellikleri ise Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM), Fourier Dönüşümü Kızılötesi Spektroskopisi (FTIR), X-Işını Kırınım yöntemi (XRD) kullanılarak belirlenmiştir.
Thermophilic Biohydrogen and Organic Acid Production from Spoiled Fig Fruits through a Single-Stage Fermentation Process
Authors: Nisa Koca Sudiye , Karapinar İlgi , Yunusa Umar Muazu
Published: December 2024

One of the most effective ways to reduce the environmental impact caused by organic wastes and to achieve a circular economy and full decarbonization is to convert such wastes into industrial and value-added products such as organic acid, biofuels, etc. The aim of this study was to convert contaminated fig wastes with no commercial value into biohydrogen, organic acids and solvents such as ethanol-butanol-acetone by a one-stage consolidated fermentation method under thermophilic conditions (45 °C). Fig wastes were pre-treated by drying, shredding, grinding and sieving to obtain particle size Dp=275 μm. In order to release sugars that can be used by bacteria in fermentation, fig waste ground at 50 g/L was partially hydrolyzed for t=60 min and at T=100 °C and 45% sugar recovery was achieved. The effect of 10 g/L and 25 g/L initial fig waste concentration on the production of hydrogen and other by-products by dark consolidated fermentation was investigated. Total gas, biohydrogen gas percentage, sugar consumption, organic acid and solvent types and concentrations were monitored. The highest cumulative hydrogen volume (21.10 mL), hydrogen production yield (2.67 mol H2/mol glucose) and hydrogen production rate (42.20 mL H2/L) were obtained at 15 g/L fig waste concentration. In contrast, the highest fermentation by-products such as 2.78 g/L acetic acid, 0.19 g/L propionic acid, 2.56 g/L acetone, and 1.50 g/L ethanol are produced in the fermentation broth with a biowaste concentration of 20 g/L fig waste. The results show that the single-stage consolidated hydrogen fermentation approach is an effective method to convert contaminated fig fruits into valuable biofuels and organic acids, contributing to the circular economy and carbon neutrality target.
Renksiz Verici Olarak RSOA Kullanan 1.6 Tbps’lik OFDM WDM-PON Sistemi
Authors: Alhalabi Mahmoud
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışmada, Yoğunluk Modülasyonlu/Doğrudan Algılamalı Optik dikgen frekans bölmeli çoğullama (IM/DD-OFDM) kullanan çift yönlü bir Dalga Boyu Bölmeli Çoğullama Pasif Optik Ağ (WDM-PON) Optisystem uygulamasının üzerinden simüle edilip uygulanmaktadır. Optik WDM-OFDM sisteminde, sırasıyla 100 Gbps’lik 16 Dördün Genlik Modülasyonu (16-QAM) aşağı akış ve 5 Gbps’lik Açma-Kapama anahtarlama (OOK) yukarı akış dalga boyları kullanılmaktadır. Aşağı akış sinyalini yeniden kullanan ve yukarı akış sinyalini üreten basit bir Yansıtıcı Yarı İletken Optik Amplifikatör (RSOA) renksiz verici kullanılarak uygun maliyetli bir sistem olarak kabul edilmektedir. Onun yanında, önerilmiş Optik OFDM sistemi, Dispersiyon Dengeleyici Fibere (DCF) olan ihtiyacı ortadan kaldırmaktadır. Bu sistem, iletim kapasitesini artırmak için Dizi Dalga Kılavuzu Izgaralarını (AWG'ler) kullanmaktadır. WDM sinyallerinin BER sonuçlarına dayanarak, WDM-PON OFDM sistemi, 30 km'lik tek modlu fiber (SMF) üzerinden 1.6 Tbps'ye (100 Gbit/sn/λ × 16 dalga boyu) kadar aşağı akış iletimi sağlayabilmektedir.
Depolamanın Pestisitler Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: Kocaahmetoğlu Büşra , Çağındı Özlem , Köse Ergun
Published: December 2024

Pestisitler gıda maddelerinin üretiminden tüketimine kadar olan süreçte zararlılar ve mikroorganizmaları uzaklaştırmak, yok etmek ayrıca bitki büyümesine pozitif yönlü etki yaparak büyüme düzenleme görevlerinde de kullanılabilen kimyasal ya da biyolojik ürünlerdir. Pestisit olarak kullanılmış, bilinen ilk maddeler arsenik ve kükürttür. Etkiledikleri canlı türlerine ve kullanım alanlarına göre ve kimyasal yapılarına göre sınıflandırılırlar. Pestisit kalıntılarının analizi laboratuvar koşullarında yapılabilmekte ve en sık kullanılan yöntemler gaz kromatografisi ve sıvı kromatografisi yöntemleridir. “QuEChERS” (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe) metodu pestisit analizlerinde en yaygın kullanıma sahip olan ektraksiyon metodudur. Analitik çalışmalarda pestisitler üzerine depolamanın etkisinin yüksek olduğu bilinmektedir. Pestisitlerin stabilitesinin kullanılan solvente bağlı olduğu bilimsel çalışmalar ile desteklenmiştir. Birçok pestisitin stok standart çözeltisinin, derin dondurucuda uzun yıllar stabil kaldıkları belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, gıdada bulunan pestisit kalıntı miktarının depolamaya bağlı olarak değişebildiği ve depolama koşullarına göre bozunup farklı metabolitler oluşturduğu bilimsel olarak kanıtlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada pestisitlerin stabilite ve biyolojik etkinliğinin depolama üzerinde etkisi araştırılarak incelenmiştir.
İnsansız Hava Aracı Fotogrametrisinde Klasik RTK ile Ağ-RTK Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: Karakış Serkan , Dağ Furkan
Published: December 2024

İnsansız hava araçlarının ortaya çıkmasıyla beraber, daha önceden yapılan hava fotogrametrisinde kullanılan uçurtma, uçak, helikopter ve sair ile yapılan araçlara göre kullanılabilirliğine yönelik çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Sonucunda ise insansız hava araçlarıyla yapılan fotogrametrinin diğerlerine göre daha ekonomik, daha pratik, daha az zamanda ve daha az kişiyle yapılabildiği görülmüştür. Bu sebeplerden dolayı hava fotogrametrisinde en çok kullanılan araç olmuştur. GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) teknolojisinin sivil kullanıma açılmasıyla birlikte insansız hava aracı fotogrametrisi daha iyi sonuçlar vermektedir. Ağ-RTK yöntemi ortaya çıkmadan önce insansız hava aracı fotogrametrisi, Klasik-RTK yöntemiyle yapılmıştır. Kurulduğu zamandan bugüne kadar sıkça kullanılan Ağ-RTK yöntemi insansız hava araçları üzerinde de kullanılmıştır; ama diğer yöntemlere göre bu araç üzerinde doğruluğu tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Yapılan ölçümler her ne kadar pratik ve ekonomik olsa da hata değerleri fazla olursa bu ölçümlerin mühendislik açısından bir değeri kalmamaktadır. Bu sebeple Ağ-RTK yönteminin doğruluğunun incelenmesi gerekmektedir.
Bu çalışmada Klasik RTK ile Ağ-RTK yöntemlerinin doğruluklarının karşılaştırılması yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla Muğla Fethiye bölgesinde 8 076 482 m²’lik alanda DJI Phantom 4 RTK insansız hava aracı ile 13 tane Yer Kontrol Noktası (YKN) kullanılmıştır. Gerçekleşen uçuşlarda her iki yöntem de aynı bölgede ve aynı günde gerçekleşmiş, aynı sayıda YKN kullanılmıştır. Makalede, yapılan ölçümler sonucunda hangi yöntemin daha uygun olduğu, Ağ RTK yönteminin Klasik RTK yöntemine göre avantaj ve dezavantajları sunulmuştur.
Does ICT Cause Innovation? Evidence from Ghana
Authors: Abdul Malik Amaama , Jibreal Sadik
Published: December 2024

Innovation has become the priority of most nations for the last two decades. This has been seen in the increase in expenditure on the investment in Research and Development (R&D) and Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The adaptation and diffusion of innovation depends on the policies put in place by the government and firms to attract foreign investors. The ICT sector in Ghana has seen massive development and has contributed a lot to the development of the economy of the country through providing employment and making communication and other technological works easy. We set out to find whether ICT promotes innovation in Ghana by looking at the impacts of exportation and importation of ICT in Ghana. We used Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model on a data from the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and the World Development Indicators (WDI). The number of patent applications is used as the amount of innovation in the country rather than the granted patents because application depicts the actual number of innovations within a year. We found that both importation and exportation of ICT increase innovation in Ghana in the short run. However, importation of ICT decreases innovation with a higher margin than the increase caused by exportation of ICT in the long run. This is as a result of the fear of failure and lack of support for innovative projects. We suggest that the government should support and bring up policies to encourage firms to innovate.
Homotopy Perturbation Method Applied to Fractional-order Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Raba Bana Ali , Dal Fadime
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we propose a numerical method for solving nonlinear fractional partial differential equations with fractional time derivatives. The fractional derivative is described in the Caputo sense. This method is based on the homotopy perturbation method. The approximate solutions obtained by our proposed method are in excellent agreement with the exact solutions. It is worthwhile to note that our method is applicable to a variety of fractional partial differential equations occurring in fluid mechanics, signal processing, system identification, control, and robotics.
Fubini Polynomial Solution of Linear Delay Fredholm Integro Differential Equations
Authors: Türkhan Havva , Biçer Kübra Erdem
Published: December 2024

In this paper, a numerical matrix method is used to solve linear delay Fredholm integro-differential equations with variable coefficients under mixed conditions. The technique consists of collocation points and the Fubini polynomials. The residual error functions of numerical solutions of the method are also presented. Firstly, the approximate solutions are formed and secondly, an error problem is constituted in favor of the residual error function. The numerical solutions are computed for this error problem by using the present method. The approximate solutions of the original problem and the error problem are the corrected Fubini polynomial solutions. As the exact solutions to the problem are not known, absolute errors can be approximated by approximate solutions to the error problem. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the technique. Additionally, the calculations are made with the MATLAB program.
Vibration Analysis of Multi-Span Nonhomogeneous Beam
Authors: Dönmez Demir Duygu , Sınır Berra Gültekin , Kahraman Emine
Published: December 2024

Vibration analysis of a multi-span nonhomogeneous beam involves studying the dynamic behavior of the beam under different loading and boundary conditions. Nonhomogeneous beams have varying material properties along their length, which adds complexity to the analysis compared to homogeneous beams. Mathematical modelling describes the geometry of the beam, including length, cross-sectional properties, and variations in material properties and expresses the material properties as functions of the spatial coordinates, considering variations in stiffness, density, and other relevant parameters. The equation of motion for the nonhomogeneous beam based on the chosen beam theory is derived. The equation should include terms related to bending, shear, and axial deformation. The eigenvalue problem to obtain the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the nonhomogeneous beam is solved. To perform modal analysis, numerical methods or software tools are considered.
Vibrations of Euler-Bernoulli Beam with Non-uniform Cross-Sections
Authors: Dönmez Demir Duygu , Sınır Berra Gültekin , Bozdoğan Yardım Betül
Published: December 2024

The analysis of vibrations in Euler-Bernoulli beams with non-uniform cross-sections is related to the dynamic behavior of beams that do not have a constant cross-sectional area along their length. The Euler-Bernoulli beam theory is commonly used for such analyses, assuming that the beam experiences small deformations and rotations. The mathematical model is formulated for the Euler-Bernoulli beam with non-uniform cross-sections. For governing the beam's behavior, considering the effects of bending and shear, the differential equations are introduced. Material and geometric properties represent variations in properties such as Young's modulus, density, and cross-sectional area. The mode shapes and natural frequencies of the non-uniform Euler-Bernoulli beam are obtained by solving the eigenvalue problem. The transient or steady-state response are analyzed via appropriate mathematical techniques. The study aims to ensure that the modeling assumptions and boundary conditions accurately represent the physical system.
Life and Reliability Examination of Internal Gear and External Gear Contact in Gear Mechanisms
Authors: Çivi Can
Published: December 2024

Gear mechanisms are indispensable mechanisms used in many machines as power and motion transmission elements. What is expected from gear mechanisms is that they can achieve a high cycle rate in a small area and function for a long time. In this study, safety, life and reliability comparisons of gear mechanisms in terms of root and flank safety in internal and external gear contact were carried out using analytical calculations and the KissSoft program. A modular calculation tool for machine element design, optimization, and verification in accordance with international standards is called KISSsoft®.The program is also available for evaluating the internal gear. Within the scope of this study, calculations were made within the scope of ISO 6336 standards. The contributions of internal gear contact, which is widely used in mechanisms such as harmonic reducers and planetary systems, to life and reliability are examined. In internal gear contact, there are large differences in contact ratio and load distribution due to form factor. Studies on internal gear mechanisms are much less than those on external gear mechanisms. Especially in internal gear mechanisms, profile modification is very open to work. In this study, the effects of profile shifting and changing the pressure angle in the tooth involute structure, as basic gear modifications, on gear strength and life were examined. The effects of these elements on the gear in internal and external gear contact were examined and optimum design parameters were tried to be obtained. As a result, it has been seen that the internal gear contact is much more efficient than the external gear contact, both in terms of space coverage and strength. The manufacturability of profile modifications in the design of real gear mechanisms was also evaluated in the study.
Using BCI Technique to Move the Head and Neck: Advanced Robotic Design to Improve Human-Machine Communication Experimentally and Theoretically
Authors: Salih Muwafaq Abdullah , Abdul Sattar Muhammed
Published: December 2024

Patients with neurological diseases such as dropped head syndrome (DHS) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) lack the ability of the neck muscles to keep their heads upright or control movement. The rehabilitation for this patient is the first step in treating head and neck movement so patients can eat, drink and socialize. Brain Computer Interface (BCI) technology also allows people to interact with devices by brain waves and execute commands without physical movement. The research including four parts. The first part of was design proposed head neck parallel configuration (3-RRS) manipulator structure includes the shoulders, backrest, motor holders, connecting links, head triangle, and head collar with their joints with six degrees of freedom, and three motors that move together to implement the six main of neck movements. The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was used to test stress concentration while loading the head. All parts of the neck brace are designed in Solidwork program. The second part of the research is to apply and solve the equations for the chosen mechanism and find the values of the rotation angles for the six main neck movements theoretically, which were (rotation to right and left ±70°, extension to up and flexion to down ±55°, lateral bending to right and left ±38°). The third part was manufacturing the parts by used PLA material of brace parts using 3D printing technology by (Creality ender 3-pro) device and (Cura) program. The fourth part was to control the neck brace using the electroencephalography (EEG) signal, and the EEG data were acquired using (OPENBCI) device sensor of 16-channels. The acquired signals were pre-processed using a Savitzky–Golay filter, to extract features with an SVM method and a confusion matrix resolution of the EEG signals to classify them into categories applied to the six main movements of the neck. The EEG reading protocol was applied by taking six different trial experiments and applying (1875) samples/main movements, ultimately reaching (11,250) samples of any trial. The angles of neck movements were obtained experimentally using brain signals when the neck at rotating to right and left (±55°), extension to up and flexion to down (±42°), while lateral bending was to the right and left (±29°).
Alternatif Pasta Borlama Bileşimi ile Borlanan SAE 1020 Çeliğinin Yüzey Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Karaca Serdarhan , Türkmen İlyas , Yalamaç Emre
Published: December 2024

Metallerin yüzey özelliklerinin geliştirilmesi amacıyla uygulanan yöntemlerden biri olan borlama işlemi farklı tekniklerle uygulanabilmektedir. Borlama yöntemleri içerisinde düşük maliyetli ve kolaylıkla uygulanabilen bir yöntem olarak kutu borlama yöntemi ön plana çıkmaktadır. Ancak kutu borlama yönteminin uygulanamadığı karmaşık şekilli veya büyük komponentlerin tamamen ya da kısmi borlanması pasta (macun) borlama yöntemi ile daha ekonomik şekilde kolayca gerçekleştirilebilmektedir.
Bu çalışmada, ticari pasta borlama karışımlarına alternatif olabilecek bir pasta borlama karışımı elde edilerek SAE 1020 çeliğinin borlanması için kullanılmıştır. Disodyum oktaborat tetrahidrat (Na2B8O13.4H2O), potasyum tetrafloroborat (KBF4) ve silisyum karbür (SiC) kimyasallarını içeren borlama karışımı etanol ile pasta formuna getirilerek pasta borlama karışımı elde edilmiş ve bu karışım ile SAE 1020 çeliği 900, 950 ve 1000oC’de 6 saat süresince borlanmıştır. Çelik altlık malzeme yüzeyinde oluşan borür tabakaları mikroyapısal, kimyasal ve mekanik özellikleri açısından incelenmiştir. Optik mikroskop (OM) ve taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ile mikroyapısal incelemeler yapılmış, oluşan tabakaların kalınlıkları ölçülmüş ve morfolojileri incelenmiştir. Testere dişi morfolojisinde tabaka oluşumları gözlemlenirken, işlem sıcaklığının artışına bağlı olarak tabaka kalınlığının arttığı tespit edilmiştir. X-ışını difraktometresi (XRD) ve numunelerin kesitinde uygulanan enerji dağılım spektrometresi (EDS) analizleri yardımıyla borür tabakalarının tek fazlı olduğu ve Fe2B fazı içerdiği belirlenmiştir. Mikrosertlik testleri gerçekleştirilerek tabakaların sertliği ölçülmüş ve borlanmış yüzeylerde yaklaşık 1900 HV’ye varan sertlik değerlerine ulaşıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, borür tabakalarının altlık malzeme ile yapışma davranışı Daimler-Benz Rockwell C adezyon testi ile belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, alternatif pasta borlama karışımı ile borlama işlemleri başarıyla gerçekleştirilmiş ve altlık malzemenin yüzey özelliklerinin geliştiği tespit edilmiştir.
A Comparative Study on Production of Graphene Quantum Dots from Coffee Beans and Tea Leaves Extract
Authors: Nassirzadehsaleh Amirhossein , Aykaç Ahmet
Published: December 2024

In recent years, the importance of nanoparticle synthesis and application has increased, and as a result, more research has been conducted on nanoscience and nanotechnology. In particular, research on the production of environmentally friendly, less wasteful, low-cost, and multifunctional nanomaterials has increased dramatically. Some studies have been conducted on natural organic waste materials such as coconut husk, nutmeg seed, mint leaves, coffee beans, and tea leaves for producing nanostructures. Using organic waste materials as a source of nanostructures helps us save on disposal costs and helps the environment. Many different types of nanomaterials can be synthesized from organic waste materials such as, metallic nanoparticles, quantum dots, carbon-based nanomaterials, etc. Graphene quantum dots (G-QDs) are nanosized, two-dimensional particles, with sizes less than 100 nm that have amazing properties like being biocompatible, non-toxic, highly soluble, adjustable light emission, and photo-induced electron transfers. There are two main methods: top-down and bottom-up, which are used for the production of quantum dots. The microwave-assisted method is frequently used. Herein, we have envisaged synthesizing and characterizing G-QDs from organic waste materials, such as waste coffee grounds and tea leaves. Briefly, coffee beans and tea leaves were dried, ground, weighted, and extracted. A certain amount of coffee extract and tea leaf extract were used as precursors for the synthesis of G-QDs under the different conditions. The purification of G-QDs in this experiment was carried out by a high-speed (9000 rpm) centrifuge method. The synthesized G-QDs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Zeta potential. The characterization results indicate that the highly photoluminescent G-QDs were successfully manufactured. So, the structures of the final products were verified using spectroscopic methods such as UV-VIS, FT-IR, and DLS. This research focuses on creating high-quality G-QDs from biomass for practical use in sensing, photocatalysis, and biomedical applications.
Machine Learning Applications in Urban Planning Studies
Authors: Ahmad Jana , Kalaycı Önaç Ayşe
Published: December 2024

Sustainability challenges constitute the most prominent threat that our planet is facing. Such threats exist in controlling urban growth, greenhouse gas emissions, and climate change. The current science debate aims at using artificial intelligence tools that can monitor data and predict potential threats. Machine learning, a powerful tool within AI, offers particular promise in this regard. This article will present an overview of the current applications of machine learning techniques in urban planning, assess their effectiveness in addressing various challenges, and identify potential opportunities for further integration. Additionally, the research examines the limitations and ethical considerations associated with the use of machine learning in urban planning, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the implications of these technologies for sustainable and resilient urban development. This research serves as an introduction to understanding the relation of machine learning applications in urban planning fields.
Evaluating the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Exclusive Breastfeeding among Mothers Attending Postnatal at the Kenema Government Referral Hospital
Authors: A. K. Mohamed, , B. K. Rashid, , S. B. Lawrence,
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding offers both mothers and infants vital psychological and health benefits. However, its practice has declined globally, including in Sierra Leone, where inappropriate feeding practices contribute to high infant mortality. Malnutrition causes 60% of 10.9 million infant deaths, which are often linked to poor breastfeeding habits. Addressing cultural barriers and misconceptions is key to promoting exclusive breastfeeding. The findings of this study will guide policymakers in designing strategies to improve breastfeeding practices and reduce infant mortality nationwide. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward exclusive breastfeeding among mothers attending a postnatal clinic at the Kenema Government Referral Hospital. Method: This cross-sectional descriptive study evaluated the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) of exclusive breastfeeding among 233 mothers attending the postnatal clinic at Kenema Government Referral Hospital. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire based on the health belief model (HBM). Stratified random sampling was employed, and face-to-face interviews were conducted in local languages. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests and logistic regression to determine associations and predictors of exclusive breastfeeding. Ethical approval was obtained, and participant confidentiality was maintained throughout the study. Result: Among the 233 mothers, 96.1% were aware of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), with healthcare workers being the primary source (78.5%). Approximately 55.8% knew that EBF should last for six months, but 25.3% discarded colostrum. A positive attitude towards breastfeeding was reported by 59.1% of mothers, with 75.6% practising EBF on demand. Chi-square tests revealed significant associations between knowledge (p = 0.0004), attitude (p = 0.017), and EBF. Logistic regression revealed that knowledge (OR = 2.12) and attitude (OR = 1.57) were strong predictors of EBF, whereas self-efficacy showed a weaker effect (OR = 1.35). Conclusion: This study revealed that while mothers had high levels of knowledge and positive attitudes toward exclusive breastfeeding, their practices did not meet WHO recommendations. Key gaps include understanding the role of breastfeeding in pregnancy prevention and milk production. Enhanced public awareness, government policy integration, and future research on sociocultural factors are recommended.
Effect of Recruitment Practices on Employees’ Performance in Public Universities in Nyanza Region, Kenya
Authors: Duncan Anditi Philip , Christine Ngari , Evaline Bartocho
Published: December 2024

Employee performance is integral to organizational success, yet public universities in Kenya have faced challenges in achieving satisfactory performance despite implementing human resource management (HRM) practices. This study aimed to investigate the effect of recruitment practices on employee performance in public universities in Nyanza region, Kenya. The target population comprised of 3,129 individuals, and the sample size of 355 teaching and non-teaching staff were determined using the Yamane formula, employing random sampling techniques for data collection. A structured questionnaire was utilized as the primary data collection tool in a quantitative research design. Cronbach's alpha was calculated for each scale in the questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics with the aid of SPSS version 23. To ensure reliability, the results were as follows: recruitment practices have a significant positive effect on employee performance ((β = 0.165, p<0.05). The study concluded that recruitment practices have a significant positive effect on employee performance. The study recommended that hiring decisions in universities should always be made on the basis of a person’s potential to do a job. The study recommended that hiring decisions in universities should be made on the basis of a person’s potential to do a job. The recruitment process should continue to be done in a transparent manner and the recruitment processes in the universities should keep on being improved to enhance employee satisfaction. The employee selection process should always be done in an ethical manner and in a manner that is fair.
Factors affecting marine economic development: evidence from central coastal provinces, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Doan Thuan , Nguyen Thi Thanh Huong , Nguyen Cong Thanh , Nguye Ngoc Tien
Published: December 2024

The Central Coast of Vietnam, spanning from Thanh Hoa province to Binh Thuan province, holds a highly significant political and economic position, with the marine economy making substantial contributions to the existence and development of the region. This study aims to identify the factors influencing marine economic development (MED), evaluate the extent of influence of each factor, and determine whether security and coastal defense (SCD) plays an intermediary role in the development of the marine economy in the Central Coast provinces of Vietnam. The research conducted a typical survey of 268 fishermen engaged in marine economic activities, including aquaculture and the exploitation of aquatic resources, across the coastal provinces of the Central Coast of Vietnam. The collected data was analyzed using the structural equation modeling method through PLS-SEM software. The results of the study indicate that six factors have a direct and positive impact on MED. These factors, ranked by decreasing levels of influence, are: SCD (β = 0.412), Policy and Management (PM) (β = 0.329), Human Resources (HR) and Marine Infrastructure (MI) (both β = 0.268), Marine Resources (MR) (β = 0.204), and the lowest, Technology and Protection of Marine Environment (TPME) (β = 0.152). Additionally, the findings reveal that the three factors are HR, PM, and MI positively influence the SCD variable, with the levels of influence ranked as follows: HR (β = 0.272), PM (β = 0.224), and MI (β = 0.166). Moreover, at a significance level of 5%, all independent variables (HR, PM, and MI) exhibit statistically significant indirect relationships with MED through the SCD variable, confirming that SCD serves as an intermediary in the relationship with MED. Based on these findings, the study proposes managerial implications to support the development of the marine economy in the Central Coast provinces of Vietnam.
Filozofsko stvaralaštvo Hede Festini
Authors: Hostić Bernard
Published: December 2024

The paper provides an overview of philosophical bibliography of the Croatian philosopher Heda Festini, who was active in the second half of the 20th and in the beginning of the 21st century. The paper is divided into four parts: 1. Books, 2. Translations, 3. Papers in symposium proceedings and other books, and 4. Papers in scientific journals. Encountering her numerous and varied works, her rich philosophical oeuvre is visible.
Povijesni ustroj filozofije – Franjo pl. Marković
Authors: Kovač Srećko
Published: December 2024

Markovićeva napomena o aristotelovskoj tročlanoj strukturi (početak, sredina, konac) poopćenoj na sve logično, estetično i etično, primjenjuje se u članku na povijest filozofijske misli, uz potvrdu, gdje je moguće, u Markovićevu tekstu. Ta je struktura proširena prijelazima do peteročlane strukture (kao u drami i baladi). Razlikuje se filozofijska misao implicitna u društveno-državnim pogledima, mudrim i pučkim izrekama i mitu od eksplicitne filozofije kao struke (filozofija u strogom smislu). Spomenuta peteročlana struktura primjenjuje se najprije na Markovićev pogled na hrvatsku filozofijsku misao, te se poopćava na filozofijsku misao drugih naroda. Daje se opća karakterizacija pojedinih strukturnih razdoblja, s posebnom ulogom sredine (opći pogledi i teorije, univerzalnost, sustavnost) i točke zaokreta početkom četvrtoga razdoblja (samospoznaja, metodološki obrat, kritika). Naposljetku, peteročlana se struktura primjenjuje na opću periodizaciju filozofije, s Leibnizom na središnjem mjestu, a s Kantom kao zaokretnom točkom. Peteročlani »dramatski« povijesni pristup uspoređuje se s Brentanovim četirima fazama u razvoju filozofije i s Fichteovom peterodijelnom koncepcijom opće povijesti. Zaključno se sažimlju Markovićeva uloga i značenje u filozofiji, posebice hrvatskoj.
Filozof Franjo Šanc o kauzalnom principu
Authors: Macut Ivan
Published: December 2024

Rad je uz uvodne i zaključne napomene podijeljen na tri dijela. U prvom dijelu iznosi se status questionis istraživanja o filozofu Franji Šancu. Nabrajaju se autori i njihova djela u kojima se, više ili manje, istražuje Šancov život i njegova filozofska misao. U drugom dijelu, na temelju ranijih istraživanja, ukratko se izlaže o Šancovom životu i stvaralaštvu te se donose osnovni bio-bibliografski podatci vezani uz njegovo ime. Konačno, u trećem dijelu izlaže se o kauzalnom principu u filozofskoj misli Franje Šanca i to slijedeći četverostruki korak: a) prema Šancovom mišljenju pogrešna shvaćanja kauzalnog principa (Hume, Mill i Kant); b) Šancova kritika tih pogrešnih shvaćanja kauzalnog principa; c) temeljno pitanje i dva puta prema odgovoru: prvi polazeći od bića koje postoji a nema uzroka i bića koje ima uzrok te, konačno, d) obrazlaganje tvrdnje da je kauzalni princip analitički sud. Zaključak je rada da Šanc izvrsno poznaje literaturu vezanu uz kauzalni princip, te da na strukturiran i logički povezan način izlaže i brani svoje teističko stajalište.
Kritička promišljanja Vilima Keilbacha o genetičkoj etnopsihologiji Wilhelma Wundta u suvremenom kontekstu psihologije religije
Authors: Matos Bruno
Published: December 2024

Suvremenu kontekstualizaciju Keilbachovih kritičkih promišljanja o Wundtovim tezama iz genetičke etnopsihologije razmotrili smo u četiri dijela ovog rada. Prvi dio je stanovito izlaganje o suvremenom kontekstu, što on jest i što pretpostavlja za vrednovanje Keilbachove kritike. U drugom dijelu smo ukratko izložili Keilbachove prigovore Wundtovoj metodologiji istraživanja s gledišta individualnog pristupa religioznoj svijesti. U trećem dijelu smo razmotrili genetički odnos između religije i religioznog iskustva kod Wundta s obzirom na pragmatičke naglaske suvremene psihologije religije u praksi. Četvrti dio posvećen je genezi religije u Wundtovoj etnopsihologiji u kontekstu suvremenih teorija. Wundtovo shvaćanje razvoja religije podijelili smo pritom u dvije etape prema kategorijama neosobnosti i osobnosti koje Wundt pripisuje svetome kao objektu religioznog doživljaja. Također smo magijsko i mitološko tumačenje svetoga kod Wundta razmotrili unutar hermeneutičkih poveznica Wundta i suvremenih teorija iz psihologije religije i društvene teorije. Pritome smo se posebno osvrnuli na religiozno-spoznajnu stranu kulta žrtve i problematiku autentičnosti kršćanskog iskustva s obzirom na Wundtovo vrednovanje prosvjetiteljskog racionalizma.