bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factores de riesgo asociados a dehiscencia de anastomosis luego del cierre de ileostomía o colonostomía en el Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza entre enero del 2017 a diciembre del 2020
Authors:   , Campos Veliz Edison Peter
Published: November 2022

A nivel internacional los casos de personas portadoras de ostomas son entre 2 a 4 por cada 1000 adultos (1), pero existe cierto grado de diferencias entre los países. En países como Portugal, para la Asociación Portuguesa Ostomizada en el 2009, hubo el 0.12% de portadores de ostomas, de los cuales el 90% fueron ostomas intestinales.(2) En Latinoamérica, especialmente en Argentina a 2 de cada 1000 personas tienen ostomias. (1) Con respecto al cierre de ostomias, el procedimiento a realizar es la restitución del tránsito intestinal (ileostomías y colostomías). Este acto quirúrgico causa diversas complicaciones, incrementando el tiempo hospitalario y costo. (3) La dehiscencia de ostomias es una complicación quirúrgica atemorizante en cirugía general y se relaciona con el incremento de morbimortalidad. (4) Los casos reportados son controversiales, encontrándose desde el 1,8 hasta 19% de casos, teniendo como mayor incidencia la dehiscencia en anastomosis colorectal. (5) Rangel G, Sepúlveda R., en España, en el 2016, realizo una investigación llegando a la conclusión que el nivel de albumina sérica de 2.6, a su vez se asocia al incremento de dehiscencia en un 11.8% mientras que la albumina mayor a 3.5 se asocia a dehiscencia del 5.9%. (6) Nakamura, en Japón 2017, concluye que el tiempo quirúrgico y el intervalo entre la cirugía y el cierre de la ostomia influyen en la dehiscencia. (7) Yin, Taiwán 2017 indica que el tiempo de restitución ≤ 109 días influye en la dehiscencia de anastomosis, afirmando que la restitución temprana incrementa la dehiscencia de la restitución.(8) Lahat G, en Israel, realizo un ensayo clínico llegando a la conclusión que la anastomosis realizada antes de 84 días es factor de riesgo para dehiscencia de anastomosis. (9)
Índice de estrés laboral en el personal de salud de la DIRIS Lima Sur en época de pandemia COVID19
Authors:   , Borja Quispe Marco Antonio Jesus , Ortiz Soto Keyla Ines
Published: November 2022

Introducción: El nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV- 2, apareció en Wuhan, China en diciembre del 2019, fue declarado en marzo del 2020 por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) como pandemia mundial y desde entonces ha ocasionado estrés laboral en el personal de salud. Objetivo: Determinar el índice de estrés laboral en el personal de salud de la DIRIS Lima Sur en época de pandemia COVID–19. Metodología: Es un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal que busca determinar el estrés laboral del personal de salud asociado al sexo, edad, estado civil, carga familiar y estado de salud. Previo al consentimiento informado, voluntario y anónimo, se procedió al desarrollo del cuestionario de la OIT–OMS para determinar el índice de estrés laboral. Se invitó a participar en el proyecto a todo el personal de salud que laboró en la DIRIS Lima Sur en época de la pandemia COVID-19 desde marzo del 2020. Resultados: Participaron 100 profesionales de salud, encontrándose niveles intermedios de estrés laboral en varones y no en mujeres, en edades entre 24-40 años, en divorciados, quienes presentaban un índice de masa corporal saludable, y en personas que tenían una mala percepción de salud propia. Con respecto a las dimensiones del cuestionario, se encontró mayor nivel de estrés debido a la falta de cohesión del equipo, una mala estructura organizacional y carencias tecnológicas. Conclusión: Se considera que la pandemia COVID-19 ha generado una lección respecto de los factores asociados al estrés laboral en el personal de salud y que deben ser considerados ante la eventualidad de una nueva pandemia.
Impacto, tendencias y características de la producción académica global en enfermería sobre COVID-19 en la gestación
Authors:   , Aguirre Vegas Fatima del Carmen , Ramos Aliaga Jakeline Rubi
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: Determinar el impacto, tendencias y características de la producción académica global en enfermería sobre COVID-19 en la gestación. Metodología: Se diseñó un estudio tipo bibliométrico de la literatura científica publicada en Scopus sobre COVID-19 en la gestación con una estrategia de búsqueda limitada al área de enfermería durante los años 2019 al 2021. Para el análisis se utilizó SciVal de Scopus. Para la recolección de la literatura, se utilizaron palabras claves: “Covid-19”, “gestación” y “enfermería” con sus respectivos términos MeSH. Resultados: Se encontraron un total de 351 manuscritos de los cuales 160 se encontraron en revistas Q1 y 101 en revistas Q2. La revista con mayor citación fue el Maternal Child and Nutrition mientras que la de mayor producción fue el Women and Birth. La institución con más número de publicaciones y citaciones fue el Burnet Institute con 10 manuscritos con 140 citaciones. La autora con más número de publicaciones fue Caroline Homer seguida de Alyce Wilson. Las categorías temáticas más usadas fueron Maternidad y partería, enfermería general, nutrición y dietéticas. Conclusión: La mayoría de los manuscritos, fueron publicados en Australia, a su vez en el año 2021, fue cuando se publicaron en su mayoría en revistas pertenecientes al Q1. Carolina Homer, Alyce Wilson, Claudia Ravaldi, Fabrizio Sandri, Riccardo Davanzo, fueron los autores con mayor número de artículos. A su vez la revista del instituto de Burnet, ha sido la que ha superado por mucho a las otras mencionadas por su gran cantidad de producción científica.
Determinación de las características bromatológicas y productivas de larvas de Tenebrio molitor alimentadas con dietas a base de poliestireno expandido y avena
Authors:   , Olivares Ledesma Anacarina Selena
Published: November 2022

[Introducción] Las larvas de Tenebrio molitor utilizadas como aditivo proteico de alta calidad en la cría de diferentes especies animales son capaces de biodegradar el poliestireno expandido, plástico que tarda hasta 500 años de degradarse. [Objetivo] Determinar las características bromatológicas (peso materia seca, humedad, proteína cruda, extracto etéreo y fibra cruda) y productivas (consumo total, incremento de biomasa, índice de conversión alimenticia (ICA) y tasa de mortalidad) de larvas de Tenebrio molitor alimentadas con 3 diferentes dietas a base de poliestireno y avena. [Metodología] Se estudiaron 8100 larvas divididas en 3 grupos (A, B y C) de 2700 unidades y a su vez cada grupo se dividió en 3 repeticiones con 900 larvas cada uno. A cada grupo se le administró una dieta distinta, el grupo A consistió en 300 g de avena; el grupo B, 16 g de poliestireno expandido (PSE); y el grupo C, 50 % de la dieta del grupo A (150g de avena) y 50% de la dieta del grupo B (8g de poliestireno). [Resultados] La biomasa inicial fue estadísticamente igual en todos los grupos (P>0.05), sin embargo, el consumo total de alimento, la biomasa final, el incremento de biomasa, el índice de conversión alimenticia y la mortalidad fueron mayores estadísticamente en los grupos A y C (P˂0.05). El peso de materia seca del grupo C fue estadísticamente similar a la de los grupos A y B (P>0.05), la humedad y el extracto etéreo fueron estadísticamente mayores en los grupos A y C (P<0.05), mientras que la proteína total y fibra cruda fueron estadísticamente iguales (P>0.05) en todos los grupos. [Conclusiones] dieta que mezcla avena con PSE no atribuye efectos negativos sobre los parámetros evaluados y que es más beneficiosa ya que la adición de PSE además de mantener el peso de la humedad...
Relación del fideicomiso en la gestión financiera de una empresa productora de prendas de vestir, Lima 2020
Authors:   , Albirena Mallma Karen del Socorro
Published: November 2022

En el presente trabajo de corte investigativo se planteó establecer la relación del fideicomiso en la gestión financiera de una compañía productora de prendas de vestir, Lima 2020. Nuestro tipo de investigación es cuantitativa no experimental de tipo básica con alcance descriptivo-correlacional. La encuesta se usó para la recopilación de los datos por medio del cuestionario, el mismo que fue aplicado a una muestra de 15 colaboradores de la Gerencia, Administración, Recursos Humanos, Contabilidad y Finanzas. Por consecuencia, los resultados nos muestran que existe una correlación positiva considerable (r= 0.893) y un nivel de significancia adecuado que es reforzado por el (p-valor: 0.000 < α=0.05). Por tal razón, no es viable aceptar la hipótesis nula, por lo tanto, se aprueba la del investigador. Por último, sobre el fideicomiso se concluye la manera positiva que se relaciona en la gestión financiera de las empresas, permitiendo la toma de decisiones adecuadas en la empresa.
Risk stratification, Knowledge and Awareness of Obstructive sleep apnea among Egyptians attending outpatient clinics; A cross-sectional study
Authors: Adwi Mohamed , Elmoushy Mohamed , Bassiony Mahmoud , Madkour Mahmoud , Mustafa Hassan , Rabie Moustafa M , Alboraie Mohamed
Published: November 2022

Introduction:
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder that causes upper airway collapse, leading to sleep apnea or hypopnea, and is associated with serious health conditions. Despite its prevalence, it is an underdiagnosed and undertreated disease. We aimed to measure the prevalence of OSA risk and detect the level of knowledge of OSA among Egyptians attending outpatient clinics.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted at two university hospitals in Cairo using the Berlin Questionnaire and OSA Knowledge and Attitude Questionnaire (OSAKA). The participants were recruited from the outpatient clinics of Al-Hussein University Hospital and Al-Sayed Galal University Hospital. We used a validated Arabic translated version of the Berlin Questionnaire. Ten questions across three domains were tested: the presence and severity of snoring, frequency of daytime sleepiness, and presence of obesity or hypertension. A translation of five questions from (OSAKA) deemed suitable for the general population, was also used.
Results:
Out of 395 participants, 345 (87%) completed the questionnaire. The participants’ ages ranged from 18 to 82 years old (40.9 ± 15.5 SD). Approximately 52% of the participants were female (n = 179) and 48% were male (n = 166). The prevalence of high risk OSA among the studied population was 17.4% (n = 60). Older age and obesity were found to be significantly associated with OSA risk. In terms of OSA awareness, 90.1% (n = 311) of the participants did not have previous knowledge of OSA, and there was no significant association between the participants’ knowledge and risk of OSA.
Conclusion:
OSA was associated with older age and obesit. Knowledge level was far from needed among the studied group. This lack of knowledge needs to be addressed to reduce the underdiagnosis and undertreatment of OSA.
Smartphone usage before and after Covid-19: a comparative study based on objective recording of usage data
Authors: Chemnad Khansa , Alshakhsi Sameha , Almourad Mohamed Basel , Altuwairiqi Majid , Phalp Keith , Ali Raian
Published: November 2022

Most studies that claimed changes in smartphone usage during COVID-19 were based on self-reported usage data, e.g. collected through a questionnaire. These studies were also limited to reporting the overall smartphone usage, with no detailed investigation of distinct types of apps. The current study investigates smartphone usage before and after COVID-19. Our study uses a dataset from a smartphone app that objectively logs users' activities, including apps accessed and each app session's start and end time. These were collected during two periods: pre-COVID-19 (161 individuals with 77 females) and during COVID-19 (251 individuals with 159 females). We report on the top 15 apps used in both periods. Mann-Whitney U test was used for the inferential analysis. The results revealed that time spent on the smartphone has increased since COVID-19. Emerging adults were found to spend more time on the smartphone compared to adults during both periods. The time spent on social media apps has increased since COVID-19. Females were found to spend more time on social media than males. Females were also found to be more likely to launch social media apps than males. There has been an increase in the number of people who use gaming apps since the pandemic. Value: The use of objectively collected data is a methodological strength of our study. We draw parallels on the usage of smartphone with contexts similar to COVID-19 period, especially concerning limitation on social gathering, including working from home for extended periods. Our dataset is made available to other researchers for benchmarking and future comparisons.
Analytical Modification of EDFM for Transient Flow in Tight Rocks
Authors: Olorode Olufemi , Rashid Harun
Published: November 2022

The commercial development of unconventional resources with multiply fractured horizontal wells has been in the spotlight over the last ten years because of the significant contribution of unconventional oil and gas (UOG) reservoirs to the total US oil and gas production. UOG reservoirs contain multiscale fractures with heterogeneous properties, so the focus has been on efficient and accurate models that can account for these fractures individually. One of such models is the embedded discrete fracture model (EDFM), which has been applied to various types of fractured reservoirs. This work shows that the application of EDFM in fractured tight rocks yields significant errors because it cannot account for the expected transient flow between the matrix and fractures.
To address the limitation when EDFM is used in tight rocks with structured Cartesian grids, we modify the matrix/fracture non-neighboring connection (NNC) flux by multiplying it with a transient factor. We obtain this factor as in the transient matrix/fracture transfer term for dual-continuum models. We simulate a single vertical fracture in the middle of a tight reservoir with and without this EDFM modification and show the importance of the proposed modification. We also simulate cyclic gas enhanced oil recovery (CGEOR) in a fractured Bakken shale oil well and analyze the model results using standard rate-transient analysis plots to evaluate the significance of the proposed modification. The results show that the standard EDFM underestimates oil and gas production by up to 73% at early times.
This work presents the first analytical modification of EDFM to account for the nonlinear pressure drop expected near fracture surfaces. Comparing the modified and standard EDFM model results to a reference solution shows that the modified EDFM matches it. In contrast, the standard EDFM cannot match the reference solution when we use structured Cartesian grids with linear spacing. Additionally, by timing the simulation of a representative Bakken shale oil reservoir with 256 fractures, we show that the analytical modification proposed is only 1.5% slower than the standard EDFM.
Assessment of Disabilities: after all, who is the person with disabilities in Brazil’s legislations?
Authors: Morais Indyara de Araujo , Pereira Everton Luís , Merchan-Hamann Edgar
Published: November 2022

The objective is to identify the concept of person with disabilities in Brazil legislations and relate with the main theoretical models of disability. These definitions have evolved as compromise formations, all shaping the current scenario of assessing a person with disabilities to qualify for benefits under specific social policies. The research was conducted using document analysis of the laws based on the question " who are the persons with disabilities in Brazil’s legislations?" between 1988 and 2022. We identified 17 laws with the concept of persons with disabilities in Brazil over this period. However, the latest one was provided by the Brazilian Law of Inclusion, in 2015, based on the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The Brazilian perspective is evolving; we argue that it needs to focus on the biopsychosocial view. But the evaluation of disability for most Brazilian policies is still based on the medical model, focusing on long-term impairments conducted exclusively by physicians. The Brazilian Law of Inclusion proposes to change these assessments to be multi-professional and interdisciplinary, incorporating the biopsychosocial perspective. By changing how assessments of disability are conducted, we change the provision of benefits under multiple public policies for persons with disability in the country. By examining these technical laws, definitions, and evaluations, we reveal the necessity of large-scale financial and bureaucratic changes in Brazil, commitments the government is not yet ready to make.
An improved whale algorithm based on multi-strategy competition mechanism
Authors: Tao Liu , Wanjun Bao
Published: November 2022

This paper proposes an improved whale algorithm based on multi-strategy competition mechanism(CWOA) to overcome the limitation that the whale optimization algorithm(WOA) easily falls into local optimum and is difficult to balance exploration and exploitation. First, the overall population is divided into two parts based on fitness values, and the search strategy of each part is constructed according to the difference in fitness values to balance exploration and exploitation. Second, a competition mechanism is designed to guide the individual whales to choose a more appropriate search strategy. Last, the performance of CWOA is checked through comparative experiments in 23 classical benchmark functions and the composite functions in CEC 2017. In the experiment, the CWOA is compared with the basic WOA, several improved algorithms of WOA and other swarm-based intelligent optimization algorithms. The experimental results show that the accuracy and convergence speed of the CWOA is better than the comparison algorithm in most cases. In addition, to verify the engineering effectiveness of the algorithm, the CWOA is applied to the clustering. The CWOA has better intra cluster-distance compared with other algorithms.
Heavy metal detection in industrial waste water using Ficus Benjamina leaf extract mediated Ag nanoparticles
Authors: Kumar Naveen , Singh Priyanka , Sidhu Harvinder Kaur , Aggarwal Nupur , Nagireddi Srinu , Anand Gagan , Sharma Navdeep , Malhotra Saransh , Panwar Ranvir Singh
Published: November 2022

Polycrystalline Ag NPs were synthesized by environment benign and cost effective green route method using Ficus Benjamina leaf extract (FBLE). As-synthesized Ag NPs were characterized using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Structural analysis was carried out by employing the Rietveld refinement method which revealed that FBLE: Ag NPs exhibited face centered cubic crystallinity with space group \(Fm\stackrel{-}{3}m\) and space group no 225. FTIR spectra displayed the existence of phytochemicals such as phenols belonging to hydroxyl group (-OH) as bending vibration appeared at 3435 cm− 1 and 1638 cm− 1, respectively. Surface morphology and microstructure of FBLE: Ag NPs were depicted using FESEM and it was observed that biosynthesized Ag NPs showed well interlinked and homogenous distribution of grains with an average grain size of 31.12 ± 0.44 nm. FBLE: Ag NPs were used to detect heavy metals such as Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), and Zinc (Zn) present in industrial waste water of different factories including textile, steel, and chemical.
Cognitive rehabilitation for improving cognitive functions and reducing the severity of depressive symptoms in adult patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials
Authors: Mokhtari Saba , Mokhtari Asieh , Bakizadeh Farah , Moradi Alireza , Shalbafan Mohammadreza
Published: November 2022

Introduction:
Nearly 40% of patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) have been found to experience cognitive impairment in at least one domain. Cognitive impairment associated with MDD is disproportionately represented in patients that have not fully returned to psychosocial functioning. As awareness regarding cognitive dysfunction in MDD patients grows, so does the interest in developing newer treatments that specifically address these deficits.
Method
In the present study, we conduct a systematic review of controlled randomized clinical trials that used cognitive training and remediation interventions for improving cognitive functions and reducing symptom severity in adult patients with MDD. We selected studies published before March 2022 using search databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google scholar. For conducting the meta-analysis, standard differences in means with the random effect model and with a 95% confidence interval of change in outcome measures from baseline to post-intervention between the cognitive rehabilitation and the control groups were calculated.
Results
The database search resulted in identifying 756 studies of interest, which ultimately 15 studies with 410 participants in the cognitive rehabilitation group and 339 participants in the control group were included. The meta-analysis of the data extracted from these studies, shows a moderate and significant effect on the executive function (0.59 (95% CI, 0.25 to 0.93) p-value = 0.001, I2 = 15.2%), verbal learning (0.45 (95% CI, 0.12 to 0.78) p-value = 0.007, I2 = 0.00%), and working memory (0.41 (95% CI, 0.18 to 0.64) p-value < 0.001, I2 = 33%) of MDD patients. Although, there were no significant difference between intervention and control group in attention (0.32 (95% CI, -0.01 to 0.66) p-value = 0.058, I2 = 0.00%) or depressive symptoms.
Conclusion
This systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that cognitive rehabilitation is an effective intervention for the executive function, verbal learning, and working memory of MDD patients. Due to the importance of these neuropsychological deficits in day-to-day life and the core symptoms of MDD, cognitive rehabilitation should be considered an important part of treating MDD. Further research in this area and concentrated on these particular deficits is warranted.
The physiological responses of two aquatic plants, Alternanthera philoxeroides (Alligator Weed) and Nasturtium officinale (Watercress) to heavy metal exposure
Authors: Beals Christopher , King Hannah , Bailey Ginger
Published: November 2022

Alternanthera philoxeroides is a nonnative invasive plant species that has spread throughout the wetland ecosystem in the southern part of the United States. Its invasion is facilitated by its ability to thrive in a wide range of abiotic conditions. Nasturtium officinale is an aquatic plant that is sensitive to relatively low amounts of pollution and is most commonly found in springs and shallow bodies of water. While A. philoxeroides tolerates organic pollution and heavy metals, N. officinale exhibits stress at low levels of pollution. We examined the effects of copper and lead on the antioxidant enzyme response of A. philoxeroides and N. officinale, which was measured using a benchtop luminometer. Alternanthera philoxeroides antioxidant enzyme production was unaffected by increasing concentrations of both copper and lead. The antioxidant enzyme response of N. officinale showed a significant increase when plants were exposed to 10 and 25 ppm lead. Endogenous peroxidase concentrations of the control plants were also compared showing that A. philoxeroides possessed a significantly higher concentration of peroxidases than N. officinale. We hypothesize that a higher endogenous peroxidase concentration may be a mechanism that hyperaccumulator plants use to tolerate inhospitable environmental conditions.
Efficacy and safety of ciprofol for sedation/anesthesia in patients undergoing hysteroscopy: a randomized, single-blind, parallel-group, controlled trial
Authors: Lan Haiyan , Wu Jimin , Shan Weifeng , Wu Yini , Xu Qiaomin , Dong Xiaoli , Mei Peiyi , Duan Gongchen , You Minji , Jin Linfei
Published: November 2022

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of ciprofol and propofol for hysteroscopy.
Methods: A total of 150 patients undergoing hysteroscopy were randomly assigned to a ciprofol (Group C) or propofol group (Group P). Group C received an induction dose of 0.4 mg/kg and a maintenance dosage of 1.0 mg/kg/h. In Group P, propofol was started at 2.0 mg/kg and then maintained at 5.0 mg/kg/h. All cases received intravenous sufentanil 0.1 µg/kg for analgesic preconditioning. Changes in heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, peripheral oxygen saturation, and bispectral index were recorded after admission (T0), before the initiation of sedative infusion (T1), 2 min after anesthesia (T2), 5 min after anesthesia (T3), 10 min after anesthesia (T4), end of operation (T5), 5 min after operation (T6), and 10 min after operation (T7). Additionally, the incidence rates of adverse events, disappearance time of the eyelash reflex, and the awakening time were compared between the two groups.
Results: The success rate of sedation in each group was 100%. The mean eyelash reflex disappearance and awakening times were 1.4 min and 5.4 min, respectively, for ciprofol and 1.2 min and 4.6 min, respectively, for propofol. The bispectral index change pattern for ciprofol was similar to that of propofol and was stable during maintenance of anesthesia. After drug administration, the blood pressure in Group C was more stable than that in Group P (P< 0.001). The incidence of respiratory adverse events in Group P (23.0%) was much higher than that in Group C (2.7%) (P< 0.001). The incidence of injection pain in Group C was significantly lower than that in Group P (P< 0.001). No serious adverse events occurred in any patients.
Conclusions: Ciprofol proved to be a safer alternative than propofol for anesthesia during hysteroscopy. Compared with propofol, ciprofol does not cause injection pain, exerts less effect on hemodynamics, and causes less respiratory depression.
Barriers to access to COVID-19 early detection in socially vulnerable communities in southern Puerto Rico
Authors: Arroyo-Andújar Luis A , Martínez Iris S , Morales Luisa M , Sánchez-Cruz Gina , Castro Eida M , Marzán-Rodríguez Melissa
Published: November 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has presented challenges around access to prevention strategies. In particular, with the early detection of the virus in socially vulnerable populations (SVC). The main objective of this study was to explore the experiences of community leaders (CL) managing the COVID-19 public health emergency in some SVC in southern Puerto Rico. This data will present an overview of the barriers that still exist around COVID-19 testing.
Methods: A qualitative exploratory study was carried out between March 2021 and March 2022. We conducted a total of 27 of in-depth interviews with CLs from southern Puerto Rico. A qualitative codebook was developed using the five domains of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) model plus other domains pertinent to the project. Analysis was guided using the Grounded Theory principles. To conduct the analysis, the interviews were transcribed and reviewed to ensure the reliability of the data. A content analysis was performed using the NVivo v.12 program.
Results: The following CFIR domains were identified: 1) Intervention characteristics (n=43); 2) Outer Setting (n=186); 3) Inner Setting (n=195); 4) Characteristics of Individuals (n=68); 5) Process (n=17); 6) COVID-19 Pandemic (n=355); 7) Implementation Strategies (n=40); 8) Barriers for Implementation (n=41; 9) Facilitators for Implementation (n=5); and 10) Recommendation (n=45). The results show that there are still barriers for SVC residents to access COVID-19 tests. These barriers are presented in the lack of screening campaigns in the communities, the cost and medical coverage, the perception of safety provided by the vaccine, and the people’s knowledge about COVID-19 tests.
Conclusion: It is important to address these barriers to provide tailored and effective health prevention strategies to the SVC.
The influence of axillary surgery and radiotherapeutic strategy on the risk of lymphedema and upper extremity dysfunction in early breast cancer patients
Authors: Zheng Siyue , Chen Chu-Ying , Qi Wei-Xiang , Cai Gang , Xu Cheng , Cai Rong , Qian Xiao-Fang , Shen Kun-Wei , Cao Lu , Chen Jia-Yi
Published: November 2022

Purpose
To explore the risk factors for breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) and upper extremity dysfunction (UED) in patients with early breast cancer after modern comprehensive treatment and to compare the safety of various treatment strategies.
Methods
From 2017 to 2020, a total of 1369 female patients with pT1-3N0-1M0 breast cancer who underwent adjuvant radiotherapy in our centre were retrospectively reviewed. BCRL and UED were identified by the Norman and QuickDASH questionnaires. The incidence, severity and risk factors for BCRL and UED were evaluated.
Results
After a median follow-up of 25 months, a total of 249 patients developed BCRL; ALND, increased number of dissected nodes, right-sided and hypofractionated radiotherapy containing RNI were found to be significant risk factors (all p values < 0.05). The sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) + regional nodal irradiation (RNI) group had a significantly lower BCRL risk than the ALND + RNI group (10.8% vs. 32.5%, HR = 0.426, p = 0.020), while there was no significant difference between ALND vs. ALND + RNI and SLNB vs. SLNB + RNI. A total of 193 people developed UED, and ALND (p = 0.02) was the only significant risk factor. The SLNB + RNI group had a significantly decreased risk of UED compared with the ALND + RNI group (7.5% vs. 23.9%, HR = 0.260, p = 0.001), and there was no significant difference between SLNB vs. SLNB + RNI and ALND vs. ALND + RNI.
Conclusion
Aggressive ALND remains the primary risk factor for BCRL and UED. Whether hypofractionated RNI would increase the risk of BCRL needs to be validated in a larger population.
Research Activity Practices and Affecting Factors among Medical Science Educators in their Early Academic Career
Authors: Leminie Abebaye , Wondimagegnehu Amha
Published: November 2022

Background: Research activities provide educators with valuable knowledge and skills. Publishing research articles, and presenting the findings at conferences are important among medical educators in their early academic career. However, the level of their research activity practice and affecting factors have not been investigated at Addis Ababa University.
Objectives: Assessing the level of research practices and affecting factors among medical educators in an early academic career at Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine
Methods: One hundred ninety-five medical educators from all departments in the Scholl of Medicine have participated in this study. Proportional allocation and random sampling techniques were used to select each participant. Socio-demographic and other data were collected using self-administered pretested questionnaires. Data were entered and processed using SPSS version 21.0. Independent t-tests and one-way ANOVA were used.
Results: The average number of articles published and presented at conferences per year in the last five years was low (.47±.35 and .45±.29, respectively). These publications were significantly higher among participants with a monthly salary of >10,470 than a monthly salary of ≤ 10, 470 (.45±.37 vs. .39±.28, p=0.03) Ethiopian birrs. Participants with moderate attitudes had published more articles than participants with less attitude towards CPD activities (.65±.43 vs. .20±.00, p=0.10). Medical educators with a higher academic experience of greater than fifteen years published more research articles than educators with an academic experience of fewer than five years (.80±.45 vs .39±.31, p=0.000). Participants from basic science departments presented more articles at conferences than participants from clinical science departments (.56±.29 vs. .39±.28, p=0.000).
Conclusion: Research activities were low and affected by monthly salary, and field of the study. Effective research activity programs are crucial to improve research productivity among medical educators in their early academic career.
“Iron deficiency & Iron Deficiency Anaemia/Anaemia as a diagnostic indicator for Coeliac Disease: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis”
Authors: Shams Sahar , Shams Sahar
Published: November 2022

Coeliac disease (CD) is a widely reported disease particularly in countries with predominant Caucasian populations. It presents with many signs and symptoms including iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anaemia/anaemia (IDA/A). The exact association between ID, IDA/A and CD and how accurate these signs are in diagnosing CD is not fully known. This systematic review was conducted to investigate the accuracy of both ID & IDA/A as a diagnostic indicator for CD and whether it warrants point of care testing. A systematic review was performed looking at studies published in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. QUADAS-2 tool was used to assess risk of bias in each study. ROC curve and forest plots were generated as part of the meta-analysis after data extraction. 16 studies were identified in total, 13 of which were IDA/A studies and 3 ID studies. The prevalence of CD regardless of diagnostic indicator was assumed as 1%. The QUADAS-2 tool indicated most of studies as having high risk of bias. The PPV for CD was higher in those with ID than for those with IDA/A. Meta-analysis showed the overall odds of having CD is 5 times higher in individuals with ID & IDA/A. The ROC curve showed that there is definitely an association between both diagnostic indicators and CD, the association is not a particularly strong one due to great heterogeneity between studies. Whilst an association between IDA/A & ID and coeliac disease was evident, the results were not deemed significant enough to prompt coeliac disease testing in those with IDA/A & ID.
Correlating Structure and Activity of Pepsin Enzyme in H2O and D2O for The Study of Gastric Digestion
Authors: Bayrak Meltem , Han Qi , Greaves Tamar L. , Seibt Susanne , Yu Haitao , Floury Juliane , Mata Jitendra , Logan Amy , Conn Charlotte
Published: November 2022

Pepsin is an aspartic acid protease and the first protease that proteins encounter in the gastrointestinal tract. In vitro digestion assays on proteins including those found in food, or as oral protein and peptide drugs, often involve different solvents or pH conditions where the activity of the digestive enzyme may not be optimal. To improve the accuracy of these assays it is, therefore, important to understand the effect of common experimental conditions, such as solvent, on enzymes such as pepsin. Herein we investigate the activity and structure of porcine pepsin in H2O and D2O at pH values between 1–8. When dissolved in D2O, the enzyme activity of pepsin between pH 1–3 decreased to 60% of the activity in H2O. However, the relative change in activity with pH was similar in D2O and H2O. CD measurements demonstrated that changing the pH and solvent did not influence the secondary structure of the pepsin enzyme. SAXS analysis revealed that structural changes to pepsin did not occur until a pH value between pH 7 and 8, at which point it was denatured and adopted an extended state. Therefore, changes in the pepsin enzymatic activity with pH and solvent change were found to be related to the solubility of pepsin but not to the structure of the protein. In digestion studies, pepsin activity is determined based on its measured activity in H2O at pH 3, regardless of the dynamic pH conditions in digestion or the local environment of the pepsin. This research has therefore significant applicability in improved setups for future digestion and drug bioavailability experiments, as well as future neutron scattering, NMR, and FTIR experiments for enzyme studies in D2O.
Exploring Influential nodes Using Global and Local Information
Authors: Hu Haifeng , Sun Zejun , Wang Feifei , Zhang Liwen , Wang Guan
Published: November 2022

In complex networks, key nodes are important factors affecting the network structure and function. Accurate mining and identifying key nodes can help people better control and utilize complex networks. In this paper, We report an accurate and efficient algorithm for critical node mining, Exploring Influential Nodes Using Global and Local Information (GLI), for the existing key node identification method that only considers local information or local information. The method of node influence includes two parts: global influence and local influence. Global influence is determined by the K-shell hierarchical information of the node. Local influence is determined jointly by the number of edges connected by the node, and the given values of the adjacent nodes. where the given values of the adjacent nodes is determined by the degree and K-shell hierarchical information. while introducing the similarity coefficient of neighbors. The proposed method solves the problems of high global algorithm complexity and low accuracy of local algorithms. The simulation experiment takes the SIR model as the reference, ten typical network models were selected as datasets, Comparing the GLI algorithm to typical algorithms at different periods, The results show that GLI effectively solves the problems of high complexity of global algorithm and low accuracy of local algorithm.
Transfer-Learning is a Key Ingredient to Fast Deep Learning-Based 4D Liver MRI Reconstruction
Authors: Gulamhussene Gino , Rak Marko , Bashkanov Oleksii , Joeres Fabian , Omari Jazan , Pech Maciej , Hansen Christian
Published: November 2022

Time-resolved volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (4D MRI) could be used to address organ motion in image-guidedinterventions like tumor ablation. Current 4D reconstruction techniques are unsuitable for most interventional settings becausethey are limited to specific breathing phases, lack temporal/spatial resolution, and have long prior acquisitions or reconstructiontimes. Deep learning-based (DL) 4D MRI approaches promise to overcome these shortcomings but are sensitive to anotherproblem, which is domain shift. This work shows that transfer learning (TL) can help alleviate this key challenge. Data from20 healthy subjects were acquired and split into 16 source and 4 target domain subjects. We compare models trained fromscratch on target domain data with models fine-tuned from a pre-trained model. Significant improvements (P<.001) of the rootmean squared error (RMSE) of up to 12% (effect size d=-0.5), the mean displacement (MDISP) of up to 12.5% (d=-0.263), andthe deformation-normalized RMSE (DN_RMSE) of up to 15% (d=-0.679) are reported. The smaller the target domain dataamount, the larger the effect. This shows that TL significantly reduces beforehand acquisition time and improves reconstructionquality, rendering it a key component in making 4D MRI clinically feasible for the first time in the context of 4D organ motionmodels of the liver and beyond.
Determinants of survival in stroke patients: application of Cox proportional hazards regression model
Authors: Kassie Abere Wondimu
Published: November 2022

Objectives
Evidences showed that stroke is one of the most leading causes of death worldwide, with approximately 11.9 million new stroke patients occurring each year. Thus, the current study aimed to evaluate survival time of stroke patients and its determinants in Debre Berhan comprehensive specialized hospital.
Study design and methods:
A retrospective study was conducted on 259 stroke patients enrolled from 1st September 2020 to 1st December 2021. Kaplan-Meier curve and Log-rank test were used. Bivariate and multivariable Cox-PH regression models were also applied at 95% confidence level. Finally, both graphical and Schoenfeld residuals tests were used to the Cox-PH model assumptions.
Results
The mortality rate of stroke patients was 25.12%, and median survival time was 4.438 months. Female patients were 2.894 times more likely to die than males (AHR = 2.894, 95%CI: 1.574, 5.320). Patient age also suggested that the probability of death increased 1.041-fold for each additional month of patient (AHR = 1.041, 95%CI: 1.017, 1.065). Patients with hypertensive stroke were 2.575 times more likely to die than those without hypertension (AHR = 2.575, 95%CI: 1.295, 5.121). It has been also shown that patients with heart disease are 1. 483 times more likely to die than patients without heart disease (AHR = 1.483, 95%CI: 1.059, 1.972).
Conclusion
The prevalence of stroke mortality is relatively high. The patient's gender, age, hypertension, and heart disease have been shown to be contributing factors to a reduced survival time of stroke patients. Therefore, stroke patients with hypertension and heart disease, especially women, need special attention.
Trends and associated factors of HIV, HCV and syphilis infection among different drug users in the China–Vietnam border area: An 11-year cross-sectional study (2010–2020)
Authors: Luo Tong , Lin Zhaosen , Wu Zhenxian , Cen Ping , Nong Aidan , Huang Rongye , Che Jianhua , Liang Fengfeng , Yang Yuan , Liu Jie , Huang Li , Cai Jie , Ou Yanyun , Ye Li , Bao Lijuan , Liang Bingyu , Liang Hao
Published: November 2022

Background
Data on recent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and syphilis prevalence among drug users in the Southwest China are sparse despite the high burden of drug use. This study aims at assessing the prevalence trends and related factors of HIV, HCV and syphilis infection among different drug users in the China–Vietnam border area.
Methods
A consecutive cross-sectional survey was conducted among drug users from 2010 to 2020 in the China–Vietnam border area.
Results
A total of 24,543 (84.77%) heroin-only users, 2062 (7.12%) synthetic drug-only (SD-only) users and 2346 (8.10%) poly-drug users participated in this study. From 2010 to 2020, the proportion of heroin-only users decreased from 87.79–75.46%, whereas SD-only users and poly-drug users increased from 5.16–16.03%, and from 7.05–8.52%, respectively. The prevalence of HIV, HCV, and syphilis during the study period declined from 12.76%, 60.37% and 5.72–4.35%, 53.29% and 4.53%, respectively, among heroin-only users and declined from 18.30%, 66.67% and 15.69–6.95%, 27.81% and 5.35%, respectively, among poly-drug users; however, the prevalence of HIV and HCV among SD-only users increased from 0.89% and 8.93–2.84% and 18.75%, respectively. Having ever injected drugs and needle sharing were common risk factors for both HIV and HCV infection among poly-drug users and heroin-only users. Aged ≥ 35 years old was a risk factor for HIV, HCV and syphilis infection among the SD-only users. Female drug users were at high risk of contracting syphilis among three different drug users.
Conclusions
The prevalence of HIV, HCV, and syphilis among heroin-only users and poly-drug users decreased during the study period. However, the prevalence of HIV and HCV among SD-only users increased. Comprehensive intervention strategies, particularly focusing on the SD-only users are needed in order to bring down the disease burden in this population in the China–Vietnam border areas.
Repeated origin of the W chromosome from the Z chromosome in Lepidoptera
Authors: Dai Wenting , Mank Judith , Ban Liping
Published: November 2022

We built a chromosome-level genome assembly of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Pyraloidea), an economically important pest in corn, from a female, including both the Z and W chromosome. Despite deep conservation of the Z chromosome across Lepidoptera, our chromosome-level W assembly reveals this chromosome has recently derived from the O. furnicalis Z chromosome. We also recover evidence for convergent formation of the W in two other related families, all independently derived from the Z chromosome. Despite its recent origin, the W chromosome has accumulated significant repetitive elements and experienced rapid pseudogenization, illustrating that degeneration can occur rapidly following recombination suppression. Our results, taken together, reveal remarkable dynamics for the sex chromosomes in this otherwise highly-conserved clade.
Overweight increases perioperative spinal surgery complications: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Hirahata Masahiro , Yasui Youichi , Fujita Muneyoshi , Ishii Keisuke , Kawano Hirotaka , Kitagawa Tomoaki
Published: November 2022

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) defines a person with a body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 25 kg/m2 as overweight. Being overweight is a lifestyle-related disease; however, little is known about the impact of overweight on the perioperative complications of orthopedic surgery. This study aimed to define the effect of overweight on the perioperative complications of spinal surgery.
Methods: This retrospective case series study reviewed 269 consecutive patients who underwent spinal surgery. These patients were divided into the overweight (OW) and non-overweight (NOW) groups. Age, BMI, surgical time, blood loss, and perioperative complications were evaluated and compared between the groups.
Results: There were 117 patients (43%) in the OW group and 152 (57%) in the NOW group. The surgical time was significantly longer in the OW group than in the NOW group (204.6 ± 98 min vs. 175 ± 75 min). Blood loss was greater in the OW group than in the NOW group (446.8 ± 447.9 mL vs. 279 ± 296.5 mL). Durotomy was more frequent in the OW group than in the NOW group (10 vs. 3 cases).
Conclusions: OW patients had longer surgical time, more blood loss, and more frequent durotomy than NOW patients. These findings indicate that overweight increases perioperative complications of spinal surgery.
WITHDRAWN: Energy management in smart inter-connected micro-grids using Archimedes optimization algorithm
Authors: Kamel Fayez. , Al-Gazzar Mohamed M. , Mehanna Mohammed A.
Published: November 2022

This paper produces a modern meta-heuristic optimization technique based on the buoyancy principle called the Archimedes optimization algorithm (AOA). The proposed algorithm is used here to determine the optimal economic operation of interconnected micro-grids (IMGs). Each micro-grids (MG) includes different types of distributed generation (DG) units such as solar photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), and micro-turbine (MT) and aims for achieving minimization of total power generation cost as the main objective function taking into consideration the power exchange between the IMGs and utility with special emphasis on technical constraints. To prove the effectiveness of the proposed AOA algorithm, it is compared with another optimization method based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO). Results obtained with the AOA algorithm show how managing energy transfer between utility and each MG. For various daily loads, it can reduce electricity consumption while lowering the cost of overall electricity generation, minimizing utility bills, and maximizing micro turbine (MT) efficiency.