bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La chimère de « la théorie du genre »
Authors: Moliner Laurence
Published: December 2015

Si la loi française du 17 mai 2013 d’ouverture du mariage aux couples de personnes de même sexe constitue une avancée majeure pour les familles non hétéronormées, elle a également mis en évidence des résistances face à la transformation des normes de genre appliquées aux familles. La fabrication de « la théorie du genre » a influencé le législateur et a ainsi freiné l’avancée en égalité pour toutes les familles alors que l’analyse des discours parlementaires révèle des mécanismes de genre largement inspirés par un repli dans l’imaginaire.
Incidences de la composante biogénétique dans la reconnaissance de la filiation monosexuée en Espagne
Authors: Roca i Escoda Marta
Published: December 2015

Cet article reprend des réflexions issues d’une recherche en bioéthique qui s’attachait à analyser le croisement de trois phénomènes : le développement des nouvelles technologies utilisées dans les processus de reproduction humaine ; leur encadrement juridique et normatif ; l’ouverture des droits aux minorités sexuelles, notamment la reconnaissance de l’homoparentalité. Mon propos se concentrera sur les évolutions juridiques dans le contexte espagnol concernant la filiation monosexuée, tant masculine que féminine, à travers les techniques de reproduction assistée. Ce choix est motivé par le fait que l’Espagne, en ouvrant le mariage aux couples homosexuels, est allée plus loin que d’autres pays européens dans la reconnaissance de la filiation homosexuelle. Mais dans les faits, plusieurs sortes de no man’s land juridiques posent des problèmes concrets quant à la reconnaissance de cette nouvelle filiation. C’est dans ces impasses juridiques que la composante biologique et génétique ressort fortement dans le débat juridico-politique actuel. L’analyse visera donc à montrer plus précisément comment, dans ces débats, la composante biogénétique est engagée dans la conception de la filiation, tant du point de vue du droit que des pratiques des couples homosexuels.
cgpPindel: Identifying Somatically Acquired Insertion and Deletion Events from Paired End Sequencing
Authors: Raine Keiran M. , Hinton Jonathan , Butler Adam P. , Teague Jon W. , Davies Helen , Tarpey Patrick , Nik‐Zainal Serena , Campbell Peter J.
Published: December 2015

cgpPindel is a modified version of Pindel that is optimized for detecting somatic insertions and deletions (indels) in cancer genomes and other samples compared to a reference control. Post‐hoc filters remove false positive calls, resulting in a high‐quality dataset for downstream analysis. This unit provides concise instructions for both a simple ‘one‐shot’ execution of cgpPindel and a more detailed approach suitable for large‐scale compute farms. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A glimpse beneath Antarctic sea ice: Platelet layer volume from multifrequency electromagnetic induction sounding
Authors: Hunkeler P. A. , Hoppmann M. , Hendricks S. , Kalscheuer T. , Gerdes R.
Published: December 2015

In Antarctica, ice crystals emerge from ice shelf cavities and accumulate in unconsolidated layers beneath nearby sea ice. Such sub‐ice platelet layers form a unique habitat and serve as an indicator for the state of an ice shelf. However, the lack of a suitable methodology impedes an efficient quantification of this phenomenon on scales beyond point measurements. In this study, we inverted multifrequency electromagnetic (EM) induction soundings, obtained on fast ice with an underlying platelet layer along profiles of 100 km length in the eastern Weddell Sea. EM‐derived platelet layer thickness and conductivity are consistent with other field observations. Our results suggest that platelet layer volume is higher than previously thought in this region and that platelet layer ice volume fraction is proportional to its thickness. We conclude that multifrequency EM is a suitable tool to determine platelet layer volume, with the potential to obtain crucial knowledge of associated processes in otherwise inaccessible ice shelf cavities.
Emergence of human influence on summer record‐breaking temperatures over Europe
Authors: Bador Margot , Terray Laurent , Boé Julien
Published: December 2015

Observational analysis of Europe summer record‐breaking temperatures suggests that their occurrence differs from that expected in a stationary climate since the late 1980s. The observed cold and warm record evolution is well simulated by the ensemble mean of 27 coupled models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5). We find that this evolution is still today within the range of internal variability derived from CMIP5 preindustrial simulations. We then estimate a time of emergence of the summer record anthropogenic influence in a world under a business as usual greenhouse gas emission scenario. We suggest a time of emergence around 2020 for the cold records and 2030 for the warm ones with an uncertainty of ± 20 years. By 2100, the multimodel ensemble mean indicates a tenfold increase of the number of warm records compared to the first half of the twentieth century and the quasi‐disappearance of cold records.
Electrical resistivity image of the South Atlantic continental margin derived from onshore and offshore magnetotelluric data
Authors: Kapinos G. , Weckmann U. , Jegen‐Kulcsar M. , Meqbel N. , Neska A. , Katjiuongua T. T. , Hoelz S. , Ritter O.
Published: December 2015

We present a deep electrical resistivity image from the passive continental margin in Namibia. The approximately 700 km long magnetotelluric profile follows the Walvis Ridge offshore, continues onshore across the Kaoko Mobile Belt and reaches onto the Congo Craton. Two‐dimensional inversion reveals moderately resistive material offshore, atypically low for oceanic lithosphere, reaching depths of 15–20 km. Such moderate resistivities are consistent with seismic P wave velocity models, which suggest up to 35 km thick crust. The Neoproterozoic rocks of the Kaoko Mobile Belt are resistive, but NNW‐striking major shear‐zones are imaged as subvertical, conductive structures in the upper and middle crust. Since the geophysical imprint of the shear zones is intact, opening of the South Atlantic in the Cretaceous did not alter the middle crust. The transition into the cratonic region coincides with a deepening of the high‐resistive material to depths of more than 60 km.
Lithospheric records of orogeny within the continental U.S.
Authors: Porter Ryan , Liu Yuanyuan , Holt William E.
Published: December 2015

In order to better understand the tectonic evolution of the North American continent, we utilize data from the EarthScope Transportable Array network to calculate a three‐dimensional shear velocity model for the continental United States. This model was produced through the inversion of Rayleigh wave phase velocities calculated using ambient noise tomography and wave gradiometry, which allows for sensitivity to a broad depth range. Shear velocities within this model highlight the influence of orogenic and postorogenic events on the evolution of the lithosphere. Most notable is the contrast in crustal and upper mantle structure between the relatively slow western and relatively fast eastern North America. These differences are unlikely to stem solely from thermal variations within the lithosphere and highlight both the complexities in lithospheric structure across the continental U.S. and the varying impacts that orogeny can have on the crust and upper mantle.
A Visit with Nikki Giovanni
Authors: Giovanni Nikki
Published: December 2015

Executive Editor Frank Shushok, Jr., sits down with the legendary writer to talk poetry, imagination, and education.
Synthesis of Imidazole‐Based AIEgens with Wide Color Tunability and Exploration of their Biological Applications
Authors: Song Zhegang , Zhang Weijie , Jiang Meijuan , Sung Herman H. Y. , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Nie Han , Williams Ian D. , Liu Bin , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: December 2015

Research on aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) has become increasingly popular recently and various AIE luminogens (AIEgens) have been developed based on tetraphenylethene, hexaphenylsilole, distyrylanthracene, tetraphenylpyrazine, etc. However, facile tuning of the AIEgen emissions in a wide range remains challenging. Herein, a novel series of AIEgens is reported, based on imidazole‐cored molecular rotors, with facile synthesis and emission colors covering the whole visible spectrum. Moreover, these imidazole derivatives exhibit biological functions unique among the AIEgens, including mitochondria‐specific imaging and antifungal activity. Benefiting from the easy preparation and the tunable emission, the imidazole derivatives are expected to not only diversify the family of AIEgens but also enrich their biological applications.
Amorphous FeOOH Quantum Dots Assembled Mesoporous Film Anchored on Graphene Nanosheets with Superior Electrochemical Performance for Supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Zheng Mingbo , Shi Xiaoqin , Zeng Haibo , Xia Hui
Published: December 2015

Previous research on iron oxides/hydroxides has focused on the crystalline rather than the amorphous phase, despite that the latter could have superior electrochemical activity due to the disordered structure. In this work, a simple and scalable synthesis route is developed to prepare amorphous FeOOH quantum dots (QDs) and FeOOH QDs/graphene hybrid nanosheets. The hybrid nanosheets possess a unique heterostructure, comprising a continuous mesoporous FeOOH nanofilm tightly anchored on the graphene surface. The amorphous FeOOH/graphene hybrid nanosheets exhibit superior pseudocapacitive performance, which largely outperforms the crystalline iron oxides/hydroxides‐based materials. In the voltage range between −0.8 and 0 V versus Ag/AgCl, the amorphous FeOOH/graphene composite electrode exhibits a large specific capacitance of about 365 F g−1, outstanding cycle performance (89.7% capacitance retention after 20 000 cycles), and excellent rate capability (189 F g−1 at a current density of 128 A g−1). When the lower cutoff voltage is extended to −1.0 and −1.25 V, the specific capacitance of the amorphous FeOOH/graphene composite electrode can be increased to 403 and 1243 F g−1, respectively, which, however, compromises the rate capability and cycle performance. This work brings new opportunities to design high‐performance electrode materials for supercapacitors, especially for amorphous oxides/hydroxides‐based materials.
Ultrafast and Highly Reversible Sodium Storage in Zinc‐Antimony Intermetallic Nanomaterials
Authors: Nie Anmin , Gan Li‐yong , Cheng Yingchun , Tao Xinyong , Yuan Yifei , Sharifi‐Asl Soroosh , He Kun , Asayesh‐Ardakani Hasti , Vasiraju Venkata , Lu Jun , Mashayek Farzad , Klie Robert , Vaddiraju Sreeram , Schwingenschlögl Udo , Shahbazian‐Yassar Reza
Published: December 2015

The progress on sodium‐ion battery technology faces many grand challenges, one of which is the considerably lower rate of sodium insertion/deinsertion in electrode materials due to the larger size of sodium (Na) ions and complicated redox reactions compared to the lithium‐ion systems. Here, it is demonstrated that sodium ions can be reversibly stored in Zn‐Sb intermetallic nanowires at speeds that can exceed 295 nm s−1. Remarkably, these values are one to three orders of magnitude higher than the sodiation rate of other nanowires electrochemically tested with in situ transmission electron micro­scopy. It is found that the nanowires display about 161% volume expansion after the first sodiation and then cycle with an 83% reversible volume expansion. Despite their massive expansion, the nanowires can be cycled without any cracking or facture during the ultrafast sodiation/desodiation process. In addition, most of the phases involved in the sodiation/desodiation process possess high electrical conductivity. More specifically, the NaZnSb exhibits a layered structure, which provides channels for fast Na+ diffusion. This observation indicates that Zn‐Sb intermetallic nanomaterials offer great promise as high rate and good cycling stability anodic materials for the next generation of sodium‐ion batteries.
3D Tissue Formation of Unilocular Adipocytes in Hydrogel Microfibers
Authors: Hsiao Amy Y. , Okitsu Teru , Teramae Hiroki , Takeuchi Shoji
Published: December 2015

Adipose tissue, an active metabolic and endocrine organ mainly composed of unilocular adipocytes, is implicated in various obesity related diseases. Developing morphologically and functionally accurate in vitro models of the adipose tissue is therefore critically important for basic biological studies, drug screening/testing, and clinical implants to advance the understanding and treatment of these diseases. However, current adipose tissue engineering technologies either cannot replicate the unilocular morphologies of mature adipocytes, or lack the ease of monitoring, handling, and scaling up required in the above mentioned applications. This paper presents the differentiation of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) to mature adipocytes in highly observable and highly handleable 3D fiber shaped constructs exhibiting morphologies and functions of native adipose tissues. Using the cell fiber technology, ADSCs were encapsulated in hydrogel microfibers, allowed to form into fiber shaped constructs, and differentiated to mature unilocular adipocytes. These adipocyte fibers are observed and maintained for up to 91 d, and secretion of adipose tissue‐specific factor, adiponectin, is further confirmed. The handleability of the adipocyte fibers is demonstrated by assembling the adipocyte fibers into doll shaped constructs. Such highly observable, highly handleable, and scalable characteristics of the adipocyte fibers make them suitable for biological studies, high‐throughput drug screening/testing, and clinical applications.
2D Transition‐Metal‐Dichalcogenide‐Nanosheet‐Based Composites for Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reactions
Authors: Lu Qipeng , Yu Yifu , Ma Qinglang , Chen Bo , Zhang Hua
Published: December 2015

Hydrogen (H2) is one of the most important clean and renewable energy sources for future energy sustainability. Nowadays, photocatalytic and electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs) from water splitting are considered as two of the most efficient methods to convert sustainable energy to the clean energy carrier, H2. Catalysts based on transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are recognized as greatly promising substitutes for noble‐metal‐based catalysts for HER. The photocatalytic and electrocatalytic activities of TMD nanosheets for the HER can be further improved after hybridization with many kinds of nanomaterials, such as metals, oxides, sulfides, and carbon materials, through different methods including the in situ reduction method, the hot‐injection method, the heating‐up method, the hydro(solvo)thermal method, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and thermal annealing. Here, recent progress in photocatalytic and electrocatalytic HERs using 2D TMD‐based composites as catalysts is discussed.
Regioselective Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cross‐Coupling of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines with Methyl Ketones: An Efficient Route for Synthesis of 1,2‐Diketones
Authors: Lei Sai , Chen GuiJun , Mai Yingying , Chen Longbin , Cai Huiyin , Tan Jingwen , Cao Hua
Published: December 2015

An efficient copper‐catalyzed oxidative coupling of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines with methyl ketones to directly generate structurally sophisticated 1,2‐dicarbonyl imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine derivatives under oxidative conditions is described. The reaction proceeds in good yields using the environmental friendly molecular oxygen as the oxidant. 18O‐Labelling experiments unambiguously established that the oxygen of the dicarbonyl products originated from oxygen rather than from water.

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Layered Double Hydroxide Nanostructured Photocatalysts for Renewable Energy Production
Authors: Zhao Yufei , Jia Xiaodan , Waterhouse Geoffrey I.N. , Wu Li‐Zhu , Tung Chen‐Ho , O'Hare Dermot , Zhang Tierui
Published: December 2015

An enormous research effort is currently being directed towards the development of efficient visible‐light‐driven photocatalysts for renewable energy applications including water splitting, CO2 reduction and alcohol photoreforming. Layered double hydroxide (LDH)‐based photocatalysts have emerged as one of the most promising candidates to replace TiO2‐based photocatalysts for these reactions, owing to their unique layered structure, compositional flexibility, controllable particle size, low manufacturing cost and ease of synthesis. By introducing defects into LDH materials through the control of their size to the nanoscale, the atomic structure, surface defect concentration, and electronic and optical characteristics of LDH materials can be strategically engineered for particular applications. Furthermore, through the use of advanced characterization techniques such as X‐ray absorption fine structure, positron annihilation spectrometry, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron spin resonance, density‐functional theory calculations, and photocatalytic tests, structure‐activity relationships can be established and used in the rational design of high‐performance LDH‐based photocatalysts for efficient solar energy capture. LDHs thus represent a versatile platform for semiconductor photocatalyst development with application potential across the energy sector.
Olfactory‐specific quality of life outcomes after endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Soler Zachary M. , Smith Timothy L. , Alt Jeremiah A. , Ramakrishnan Vijay R. , Mace Jess C. , Schlosser Rodney J.
Published: December 2015

Background

Olfactory loss is a cardinal symptom of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and affects 40% to 80% of patients. However, common sinus‐specific quality‐of‐life (QOL) instruments include only single questions related to olfaction. Few studies have explored olfactory outcomes after surgery utilizing validated, olfaction‐specific QOL questionnaires.

Methods

Patients with CRS were enrolled from 3 centers across North America into a prospective cohort study. Patients completed the short modified version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (QOD‐NS) and the 40‐item Smell Identification Test (SIT‐40) before and at least 6 months after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Multivariate linear regression was used to determine whether specific demographic, comorbidity, or disease severity measures were independently associated with QOD scores at baseline or predicted change after surgery.

Results

A total of 121 patients, equally split between genders, were enrolled with an average age of 47.9 years (range, 18–80 years). Baseline total QOD‐NS scores were significantly associated with SIT‐40 scores, with a moderate strength of correlation (Rs = 0.400; p < 0.001). The average QOD‐NS score improved after ESS (35.7 ± 13.0 vs 39.7 ± 12.2; p = 0.006). Allergy, polyps, and steroid‐dependent conditions were found to be independently associated with worse preoperative QOD‐NS scores, whereas septal deviation was associated with better QOD‐NS scores. Baseline computed tomography (CT) scores were the only variable that significantly predicted change in QOD‐NS after surgery.

Conclusion

Olfaction‐specific QOL is worse in patients with polyps and comorbid allergy. Significant improvements in olfaction‐specific QOL are seen after ESS, with the greatest gains seen in those with worse CT scores at baseline.
Development of a clinically relevant endoscopic grading system for chronic rhinosinusitis using canonical correlation analysis
Authors: DeConde Adam S. , Bodner Todd E. , Mace Jess C. , Alt Jeremiah A. , Rudmik Luke , Smith Timothy L.
Published: December 2015

Background

Diagnostic nasal endoscopy is a routine measure of sinonasal inflammation in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Although multiple staging systems have been proposed and evaluated, evidence of association between concurrent symptoms and endoscopic findings remains discordant. The goal of this study is to identify the relevant endoscopic attributes associated with symptom burden, and to systematically derive a weighted endoscopic scale that optimizes prediction of concurrent symptoms.

Methods

Reported baseline symptom (22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test [SNOT‐22]) and endoscopic evaluation scores (Lund‐Kennedy [LK]) were obtained from patients with CRS enrolled in a prospective cohort study. Canonical correlation analysis of the SNOT‐22 subdomains and LK variables was completed.

Results

A total of 629 patients were included in analysis including 343 with prior endoscopic sinus surgery. Significant canonical correlations outperformed aggregate correlations in explaining variance of the data (33% vs 3%, respectively). The first canonical correlation was dominated by the rhinologic symptom domain and the endoscopic polyp score (r = 0.54; p < 0.05) whereas additional significant canonical correlation was found between the extra‐rhinologic symptom subdomain and the edema score in patients without prior ESS (r = 0.21; p < 0.05), and discharge in patients with prior ESS (r = 0.22; p < 0.05). All other domains and endoscopic variables did not significantly contribute to the canonical correlation.

Conclusion

Although aggregate symptoms and endoscopic scores demonstrate minimal correlation, a weighted combination of symptom domains and endoscopic attributes greatly improves this correlation. A simple approximation of the weights of each of the endoscopic variables of polyps, edema, discharge, scarring, and crusting, is an approximate ratio of 4:2:1:0:0, respectively.
Nonselective chemokine levels in nasal secretions of patients with perennial nonallergic and allergic rhinitis
Authors: Perić Aleksandar , Sotirović Jelena , Špadijer‐Mirković Cveta , Matković‐Jožin Svjetlana , Perić Aneta V. , Vojvodić Danilo
Published: December 2015

Background

An increased production of several chemoattractants, responsible for guiding the eosinophilic inflammatory process, has been reported in chronic rhinitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate nasal secretion levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), MCP‐3, and regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and to correlate those levels with nasal symptoms and degree of eosinophilia in patients with nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome (NARES) and perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR).

Methods

Fourteen patients with PAR and 14 NARES patients were recruited for this cross‐sectional study. Fourteen healthy subjects were included as controls. The concentrations of MCP‐1, MCP‐3, and RANTES in nasal secretions were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Eosinophil counts were performed by percentage of differential granulocyte counts during cytological examination of scraped nasal mucosa obtained from the inferior turbinate. Therefore, we scored rhinitis patients according to nasal symptom score.

Results

We found significantly higher concentrations of MCP‐1 (p < 0.0001), MCP‐3 (p = 0.018), and RANTES (p < 0.0001) in nasal fluid of NARES patients compared to patients with PAR. In PAR patients, we found positive correlation between RANTES levels and nasal symptom score and eosinophil counts. In patients with NARES, the concentrations of MCP‐1 and RANTES were associated with nasal symptom score and percentage of eosinophils.

Conclusion

NARES is characterized by higher degree of eosinophilic inflammation than PAR. RANTES correlates well with the level of eosinophilic inflammation in both diseases. The measurement of chemokine levels in nasal secretions could be useful in evaluating the degree of chronic nasal inflammation.
Benign infantile seizures and paroxysmal dyskinesia caused by an SCN8A mutation
Authors: Gardella Elena , Becker Felicitas , Møller Rikke S. , Schubert Julian , Lemke Johannes R. , Larsen Line H. G. , Eiberg Hans , Nothnagel Michael , Thiele Holger , Altmüller Janine , Syrbe Steffen , Merkenschlager Andreas , Bast Thomas , Steinhoff Bernhard , Nürnberg Peter , Mang Yuan , Bakke Møller Louise , Gellert Pia , Heron Sarah E. , Dibbens Leanne M. , Weckhuysen Sarah , Dahl Hans Atli , Biskup Saskia , Tommerup Niels , Hjalgrim Helle , Lerche Holger , Beniczky Sándor , Weber Yvonne G.
Published: December 2015

Objective

Benign familial infantile seizures (BFIS), paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD), and their combination—known as infantile convulsions and paroxysmal choreoathetosis (ICCA)—are related autosomal dominant diseases. PRRT2 (proline‐rich transmembrane protein 2 gene) has been identified as the major gene in all 3 conditions, found to be mutated in 80 to 90% of familial and 30 to 35% of sporadic cases.

Methods

We searched for the genetic defect in PRRT2‐negative, unrelated families with BFIS or ICCA using whole exome or targeted gene panel sequencing, and performed a detailed cliniconeurophysiological workup.

Results

In 3 families with a total of 16 affected members, we identified the same, cosegregating heterozygous missense mutation (c.4447G>A; p.E1483K) in SCN8A, encoding a voltage‐gated sodium channel. A founder effect was excluded by linkage analysis. All individuals except 1 had normal cognitive and motor milestones, neuroimaging, and interictal neurological status. Fifteen affected members presented with afebrile focal or generalized tonic–clonic seizures during the first to second year of life; 5 of them experienced single unprovoked seizures later on. One patient had seizures only at school age. All patients stayed otherwise seizure‐free, most without medication. Interictal electroencephalogram (EEG) was normal in all cases but 2. Five of 16 patients developed additional brief paroxysmal episodes in puberty, either dystonic/dyskinetic or “shivering” attacks, triggered by stretching, motor initiation, or emotional stimuli. In 1 case, we recorded typical PKD spells by video‐EEG‐polygraphy, documenting a cortical involvement.

Interpretation

Our study establishes SCN8A as a novel gene in which a recurrent mutation causes BFIS/ICCA, expanding the clinical–genetic spectrum of combined epileptic and dyskinetic syndromes. ANN NEUROL 2016;79:428–436
Discriminating long myelitis of neuromyelitis optica from sarcoidosis
Authors: Flanagan Eoin P. , Kaufmann Timothy J. , Krecke Karl N. , Aksamit Allen J. , Pittock Sean J. , Keegan B. Mark , Giannini Caterina , Weinshenker Brian G.
Published: December 2015

Objective

To compare longitudinally extensive myelitis in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and spinal cord sarcoidosis (SCS).

Methods

We identified adult patients evaluated between 1996 and 2015 with SCS or NMOSD whose first myelitis episode was accompanied by a spinal cord lesion spanning ≥3 vertebral segments. All NMOSD patients were positive for aquaporin‐4–immunoglobulin G, and all sarcoidosis cases were pathologically confirmed. Clinical characteristics were evaluated. Spine magnetic resonance imaging was reviewed by 2 neuroradiologists.

Results

We studied 71 patients (NMOSD, 37; SCS, 34). Sixteen (47%) SCS cases were initially diagnosed as NMOSD or idiopathic transverse myelitis. Median delay to diagnosis was longer for SCS than NMOSD (5 vs 1.5 months, p < 0.01). NMOSD myelitis patients were more commonly women, had concurrent or prior optic neuritis or intractable vomiting episodes more frequently, had shorter time to maximum deficit, and had systemic autoimmunity more often than SCS (p < 0.05). SCS patients had constitutional symptoms, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis, and hilar adenopathy more frequently than NMOSD (p < 0.05); CSF hypoglycorrhachia (11%, p = 0.25) and elevated angiotensin‐converting enzyme (18%, p = 0.30) were exclusive to SCS. Dorsal cord subpial gadolinium enhancement extending ≥2 vertebral segments and persistent enhancement >2 months favored SCS, and ringlike enhancement favored NMOSD (p < 0.05). Maximum disability was similar in both disorders.

Interpretation

SCS is an under‐recognized cause of longitudinally extensive myelitis that commonly mimics NMOSD. We identified clinical, laboratory, systemic, and radiologic features that, taken together, help discriminate SCS from NMOSD. ANN NEUROL 2016;79:437–447
Asymmetric Modulation of Protein Order–Disorder Transitions by Phosphorylation and Partner Binding
Authors: Banerjee Priya R. , Mitrea Diana M. , Kriwacki Richard W. , Deniz Ashok A.
Published: December 2015

As for many intrinsically disordered proteins, order–disorder transitions in the N‐terminal oligomerization domain of the multifunctional nucleolar protein nucleophosmin (Npm‐N) are central to its function, with phosphorylation and partner binding acting as regulatory switches. However, the mechanism of this transition and its regulation remain poorly understood. In this study, single‐molecule and ensemble experiments revealed pathways with alternative sequences of folding and assembly steps for Npm‐N. Pathways could be switched by altering the ionic strength. Phosphorylation resulted in pathway‐specific effects, and decoupled folding and assembly steps to facilitate disorder. Conversely, binding to a physiological partner locked Npm‐N in ordered pentamers and counteracted the effects of phosphorylation. The mechanistic plasticity found in the Npm‐N order–disorder transition enabled a complex interplay of phosphorylation and partner‐binding steps to modulate its folding landscape.
Generation of Alkoxyl Radicals by Photoredox Catalysis Enables Selective C(sp3)−H Functionalization under Mild Reaction Conditions
Authors: Zhang Jing , Li Yang , Zhang Fuyuan , Hu Chenchen , Chen Yiyun
Published: December 2015

Reported herein is the first visible‐light‐induced formation of alkoxyl radicals from N‐alkoxyphthalimides, and the Hantzsch ester as the reductant is crucial for the reaction. The selective hydrogen atom abstraction by the alkoxyl radical enables C(sp3)−H allylation and alkenylation reactions under mild reaction conditions at room temperature. Broad substrate variations, including a structurally complexed steroid, undergo the C(sp3)−H functionalization reaction effectively with high regio‐ and chemoselectivity.
Fluorogenic Labeling of 5‐Formylpyrimidine Nucleotides in DNA and RNA
Authors: Samanta Biswajit , Seikowski Jan , Höbartner Claudia
Published: December 2015

5‐Formylcytosine (5fC) and 5‐formyluracil (5fU) are natural nucleobase modifications that are generated by oxidative modification of 5‐methylcytosine and thymine (or 5‐methyluracil). Herein, we describe chemoselective labeling of 5‐formylpyrimidine nucleotides in DNA and RNA by fluorogenic aldol‐type condensation reactions with 2,3,3‐trimethylindole derivatives. Mild and specific reaction conditions were developed for 5fU and 5fC to produce hemicyanine‐like chromophores with distinct photophysical properties. Residue‐specific detection was established by fluorescence readout as well as primer‐extension assays. The reactions were optimized on DNA oligonucleotides and were equally suitable for the modification of 5fU‐ and 5fC‐modified RNA. This direct labeling approach of 5‐formylpyrimidines is expected to help in elucidating the occurrence, enzymatic transformations, and functional roles of these epigenetic/epitranscriptomic nucleobase modifications in DNA and RNA.
Molecular Motion and Structure around the Hydrated Ions Li+and Al3+
Authors: Hertz H. G. , Tutsch R. , Versmold H.
Published: December 2015

Experimental results for the nuclear magnetic relaxation rate of Li7in H2O and D2O solutions of LiCl, LiBr, and LiI are reported. The relaxation contribution due to magnetic dipole‐dipole interaction is separated, the rotational correlation time of the vector connecting the cation with the 1st hydration water is determined and the latter time is compared with the correlation time of the H – H vector in H2O of the 1st hydration sphere. Both times are not equal which indicates that the water molecules rotates about the Li – O axis. The quadrupolar contribution to the relaxation rate of Li7is interpreted in terms of a break‐down of cubic symmetry in the hydration sphere as the salt concentration increases. Self‐diffusion data of Li+in LiCl, LiBr, and LiI solutions are as well reported and a structural interpretation of the concentration dependence is given.

Proton relaxation rates of AlCl3solutions containing 100% H2O and of those which contain only a very small amount of HDO in D2O are given. The evaluation yields the result that the correlation times of the two vectors in the hydration sphere as described above are equal for Al3+. Some structural consequences are described, proton relaxation rates in Ga3+solutions, Al27relaxation rates in AlCl3solutions, and water self‐diffusion coefficients in AlCl3solutions are reported.
Synthesis of 1‐Naphthol by a Natural Peroxygenase Engineered by Directed Evolution
Authors: Molina‐Espeja Patricia , Cañellas Marina , Plou Francisco J. , Hofrichter Martin , Lucas Fatima , Guallar Victor , Alcalde Miguel
Published: December 2015

There is an increasing interest in enzymes that catalyze the hydroxylation of naphthalene under mild conditions and with minimal requirements. To address this challenge, an extracellular fungal aromatic peroxygenase with mono(per)oxygenase activity was engineered to convert naphthalene selectively into 1‐naphthol. Mutant libraries constructed by random mutagenesis and DNA recombination were screened for peroxygenase activity on naphthalene together with quenching of the undesired peroxidative activity on 1‐naphthol (one‐electron oxidation). The resulting double mutant (G241D‐R257K) obtained from this process was characterized biochemically and computationally. The conformational changes produced by directed evolution improved the substrate's catalytic position. Powered exclusively by catalytic concentrations of H2O2, this soluble and stable biocatalyst has a total turnover number of 50 000, with high regioselectivity (97 %) and reduced peroxidative activity.
Photocaged Arabinose: A Novel Optogenetic Switch for Rapid and Gradual Control of Microbial Gene Expression
Authors: Binder Dennis , Bier Claus , Grünberger Alexander , Drobietz Dagmar , Hage‐Hülsmann Jennifer , Wandrey Georg , Büchs Jochen , Kohlheyer Dietrich , Loeschcke Anita , Wiechert Wolfgang , Jaeger Karl‐Erich , Pietruszka Jörg , Drepper Thomas
Published: December 2015

Controlling cellular functions by light allows simple triggering of biological processes in a non‐invasive fashion with high spatiotemporal resolution. In this context, light‐regulated gene expression has enormous potential for achieving optogenetic control over almost any cellular process. Here, we report on two novel one‐step cleavable photocaged arabinose compounds, which were applied as light‐sensitive inducers of transcription in bacteria. Exposure of caged arabinose to UV‐A light resulted in rapid activation of protein production, as demonstrated for GFP and the complete violacein biosynthetic pathway. Moreover, single‐cell analysis revealed that intrinsic heterogeneity of arabinose‐mediated induction of gene expression was overcome when using photocaged arabinose. We have thus established a novel phototrigger for synthetic bio(techno)logy applications that enables precise and homogeneous control of bacterial target gene expression.
Potentiodynamic Uniform Anchoring of Platinum Nanoparticles on N‐Doped Graphene with Improved Mass Activity for the Electrooxidation of Ammonia
Authors: Zhou Yufei , Zhang Guoquan , Gong Zheng , Shang Xiuli , Yang Fenglin
Published: December 2015

Platinum nanoparticles anchored N‐doped graphene (Pt/NG) catalysts are synthesized using a thermal annealing–potentiodynamic electrodeposition approach with melamine, graphene oxide, and PtCl62− as precursors. SEM, TEM, XRD, and XPS measurements indicate the relatively uniform and good dispersal of Pt nanoparticles on NG nanosheets. Compared to control catalysts of Pt nanoparticles loaded onto glassy carbon, undoped graphene and g‐C3N4, the Pt/NG(1‐1) catalyst (with a nominal mass ratio of melamine/graphene oxide of 1:1) shows the highest electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of ammonia among a series of Pt/NG catalysts. The mass activity of Pt/NG(1‐1) catalyst is nearly 5.1 times as high as that of Pt/glassy carbon. The excellent electrochemical performance of Pt/NG catalysts is attributed mainly to the considerable extent of pyridinic N and graphitic N‐doping in the graphene network, which improves the dispersion state of Pt nanoparticles on the NG support, resulting in an apparent enhancement in mass activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Access to Benzothiophenes Through Metal‐Free Iodine‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Cyclization of Thiophenols and Alkynes.
Authors: Yan Kelu , Yang Daoshan , Zhang Mengqi , Wei Wei , Liu Yao , Tian Laijin , Wang Hua
Published: December 2015

A novel and green method for preparation of benzothiophenes is developed.
Quality measures for ETL processes: from goals to implementation
Authors: Theodorou Vasileios , Abelló Alberto , Lehner Wolfgang , Thiele Maik
Published: December 2015

Extraction transformation loading (ETL) processes play an increasingly important role for the support of modern business operations. These business processes are centred around artifacts with high variability and diverse lifecycles, which correspond to key business entities. The apparent complexity of these activities has been examined through the prism of business process management, mainly focusing on functional requirements and performance optimization. However, the quality dimension has not yet been thoroughly investigated, and there is a need for a more human‐centric approach to bring them closer to business‐users requirements. In this paper, we take a first step towards this direction by defining a sound model for ETL process quality characteristics and quantitative measures for each characteristic, based on existing literature. Our model shows dependencies among quality characteristics and can provide the basis for subsequent analysis using goal modeling techniques. We showcase the use of goal modeling for ETL process design through a use case, where we employ the use of a goal model that includes quantitative components (i.e., indicators) for evaluation and analysis of alternative design decisions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Study of Excitation Delocalization/Localization in Multibranched Chromophores by Using Fluorescence Excitation Anisotropy Spectroscopy
Authors: Li Yang , He Guiying , Wang Xian , Guo Qianjin , Niu Yingli , Xia Andong
Published: December 2015

We describe a simple approach to study the excitation localization/delocalization in multibranched chromophores by using fluorescence excitation anisotropy spectroscopy at room temperature. As examples, the electronic excitations in three different multibranched chromophores (dimers) are investigated. For a weakly coupled dimer, fluorescence anisotropy is independent of excitation wavelength, due to localized excitation as well as the degenerate electronic excited states. In contrast, in the case of a strongly coupled dimer, owing to excitonic splitting, a redistribution of the excitation energy is demonstrated by the dependence of anisotropy spectra on the excitation wavelength, which leads to significant deviation from the anisotropy signal of localized excitation. In particular, based on the law of additivity for anisotropy, the degree of delocalized excitation can be simply estimated for a given dimer.
A low‐cost node capture attack algorithm for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Lin Chi , Wu Guowei , Qiu Tie , Deng Jing
Published: December 2015

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have many micro devices that are easy to capture. In node capture attacks, the adversary physically captures sensors and extracts all information including key information from their memories, trying to compromise the system's security protection. However, the robust and random nature of many WSN security designs makes it difficult to compromise the system even with the capture of some sensors. In this paper, we approach WSN security from an adversarial point of view and investigate low‐cost and efficient algorithms to identify sensors in a WSN in the shortest time with the lowest cost. Instead of randomly capturing sensors, an intelligent attacker should choose the next target based on the known topology so far. Because the identification of such has been proven to be NP‐hard (non‐deterministic polynomial‐time hard), we propose to transform the problem into a set covering problem and develop a greedy minimum cost node capture attack algorithm (MCA) to lower cost of attack. Extensive simulations have been implemented to evaluate the performance of MCA and to compare it with several related schemes. It is shown that MCA lowers the cost of compromising WSNs by 16%. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dissecting geographic variation in population synchrony using the common vole in central Europe as a test bed
Authors: Gouveia Ana R. , Bjørnstad Ottar N. , Tkadlec Emil
Published: December 2015

Spatial synchrony of population fluctuations is ubiquitous in nature. Theoretical models suggest that correlated environmental stochasticity, dispersal, and trophic interactions are important promoters of synchrony in nature to leave characteristic signatures of distance‐dependent decays in synchrony. Recent refinements of this theory have clarified how distance‐decay curves may steepen if local dynamics are governed by different density‐dependent feedbacks and how synchrony should vary regionally if the importance and correlation of environmental stochasticity is location‐specific. We analysed spatiotemporal data for the common vole, Microtus arvalis from 49 districts in the Czech Republic to examine the pattern of population synchrony between 2000 and 2014. By extending the nonparametric covariation function, we develop a quantitative method that allows a dissection of the effects of distance and additional variables such as altitude on synchrony. To examine the pattern of local synchrony, we apply the noncentered local‐indicators of spatial association (ncLISA) which highlights areas with different degrees of synchrony than expected by the region‐wide average. Additionally, in order to understand the obtained pattern of local spatial correlations, we have regressed LISA results against the proportion of forest in each district. The common vole abundances fluctuated strongly and exhibited synchronous dynamics with the typical tendency for a decline of synchrony with increasing distance but, not with altitude. The correlation between the neighbor districts decreases as the proportion of forest increases. Forested areas are suboptimum habitats and are strongly avoided by common voles. The investigation of spatiotemporal dynamics in animal populations is a key issue in ecology. Although the majority of studies are focused on testing hypotheses about which mechanisms are involved in shaping this dynamics it is crucial to understand the sources of variation involved in order to understand the underlying processes.
Intradermal injection of an anti‐Langerin‐HIVGag fusion vaccine targets epidermal Langerhans cells in nonhuman primates and can be tracked in vivo
Authors: Salabert Nina , Todorova Biliana , Martinon Frédéric , Boisgard Raphaël , Zurawski Gerard , Zurawski Sandra , Dereuddre‐Bosquet Nathalie , Cosma Antonio , Kortulewski Thierry , Banchereau Jacques , Levy Yves , Le Grand Roger , Chapon Catherine
Published: December 2015

The development of new immunization strategies requires a better understanding of early molecular and cellular events occurring at the site of injection. The skin is particularly rich in immune cells and represents an attractive site for vaccine administration. Here, we specifically targeted vaccine antigens to epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) using a fusion protein composed of HIV antigens and a monoclonal antibody targeting Langerin. We developed a fluorescence imaging approach to visualize, in vivo, the vaccine‐targeted cells. Studies were performed in nonhuman primates (NHPs) because of their relevance as a model to assess human vaccines. We directly demonstrated that in NHPs, intradermally injected anti‐Langerin‐HIVGag specifically targets epidermal LCs and induces rapid changes in the LC network, including LC activation and migration out of the epidermis. Vaccine targeting of LCs significantly improved anti‐HIV immune response without requirement of an adjuvant. Although the co‐injection of the TLR‐7/8 synthetic ligand, R‐848 (resiquimod), with the vaccine, did not enhance significantly the antibody response, it stimulated recruitment of HLA‐DR+ inflammatory cells to the site of immunization. This study allowed us to characterize the dynamics of early local events following the injection of a vaccine‐targeted epidermal LCs and R‐848.
Performance‐based seismic assessment of conventional and base‐isolated steel buildings including environmental impact and resilience
Authors: Dong You , Frangopol Dan M.
Published: December 2015

Sustainability and resilience are issues that are recognized worldwide, and increased attention should be placed on strategies to design and maintain infrastructure systems that are hazard resilient, damage tolerant, and sustainable. In this paper, a methodology to evaluate the seismic sustainability and resilience of both conventional and base‐isolated steel buildings is presented. Furthermore, the proposed approach is used to explore the difference between the performance associated with these buildings by considering the three pillars of sustainability: economic, social, and environmental. Sustainability and resilience are both considered to cover a comprehensive performance‐based assessment content. The uncertainties associated with performance and consequence evaluation of structural and non‐structural components are incorporated within the assessment process. The proposed performance‐based assessment approach is illustrated on conventional and base‐isolated steel buildings under given seismic scenarios. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metal-mediated climate susceptibility in a warming world: Larval and latent effects on a model amphibian
Authors: Hallman Tyler A. , Brooks Marjorie L.
Published: December 2015

Although sophisticated models predict the effects of future temperatures on ectotherms, few also address how ubiquitous sublethal contaminants alter an organism's response to thermal stress. In ectotherms, higher metabolic rates from warming temperatures can beneficially speed metabolism and development. If compounded by chronic, sublethal pollution, additional resource demands for elimination or detoxification may limit their ability to cope with rising temperatures—the toxicant-induced climate susceptibility hypothesis. In outdoor bioassays, using natural lake water as the background, the authors investigated the development of a model ectotherm in 6 levels of Cd, Cu, and Pb mixtures and 3 thermal regimes of diel temperature fluctuations: ambient, +1.5 °C, and +2.5 °C. Warming had no effect on wild-caught Cope's gray tree frog (Hyla chrysoscelis) until metals concentrations were approximately 10-fold of their bioavailable chronic criterion unit (sums of bioavailable fractions of chronic criteria concentrations). In treatments with ≥10 bioavailable chronic criterion units and +1.5 °C, growth increased. Conversely, in treatments with 28 bioavailable chronic criterion units and maximal +2.5 °C warming, growth declined and the body condition of postmetamorphic juveniles at 20 d was 34% lower than that of juveniles from background conditions (lake water at ambient temperatures). These findings suggest toxicant-induced climate susceptibility with long-term latent effects on the juvenile life stage. Sublethal contaminants can intensify the impact on aquatic ectotherms at the most conservative levels of predicted global warming over the next century. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1872–1882. © 2015 SETAC