bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in Hospitalized Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: Experience at a Major Tertiary Care Center in Pakistan
Authors: Yaqub Sonia , Hamid Amna , Saeed Marwah , Awan Safia , Farooque Aisha , Tareen Hameed Ullah
Published: November 2023

Limited data exist on acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), its risk factors, and the outcomes from lower and middle-income countries. We determined the epidemiology of AKI and its outcomes in a retrospective observational study at a tertiary care center in Karachi, Pakistan, from October to December 2020. Demographic data, presenting clinical symptoms, laboratory results, and patient outcomes were collected from the medical records. AKI was defined according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Of 301 COVID-19 patients, AKI developed in 188 (62.5%). The peak stages of AKI were Stage 1 in 57%, Stage 2 in 14.9%, and Stage 3 in 27.7%. Of these, 15 (8%) required kidney replacement therapy (KRT). Patients admitted to the intensive care unit (63.8% vs. 34.5%), and those needing vasopressors (31.9% vs. 5.3%) or mechanical ventilation (25% vs. 2.7%) had a higher risk of AKI. Independent predictors of AKI were elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatinine (Cr) at presentation, mechanical ventilation, and the use of anticoagulants. AKI, the presence of proteinuria, elevated serum Cr at presentation, use of vasopressors, and a need for KRT were significantly associated with in-hospital death, and the likelihood of mortality increased with advanced stages of AKI. Compared with other countries, AKI occurred more frequently among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in this Pakistani cohort and was associated with 7.7-fold higher odds of in-hospital death. Patients with severe AKI had a greater likelihood of mortality than those in earlier stages or without AKI.
Coexistence of Interstitial Nephritis and the Cellular Variant of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Secondary to Anabolic Steroid Abuse
Authors: Al-Hwiesh Abdullah , Al-Amoudi Khalid , Alshehabi Khadija , Abdelgalil Muaz , Al-Hwiesh Bardan , Alhwiesh Amani , Al-Audah Nadia , Al Solami Sana M , Hamza Wael Mostafa , Abdul-Rahman Ibrahiem Saeed
Published: November 2023

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) have been widely used by young people to enhance performance and increase muscle mass. The use of AAS can affect the kidneys and lead to a myriad of presentations, ranging from mildly elevated serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen to irreversible chronic kidney disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). To the best of our knowledge, the coexistence of interstitial nephritis and the cellular variant of FSGS [Immunoglobulin M (IgM)] secondary to AAS abuse has not been previously reported in the literature. Here, we report the case of a 40-year-old bodybuilder who developed simultaneous interstitial nephritis and the cellular variant of FSGS (IgM) after short-term use of AAS and other dietary supplements.
Medical Students’ Attitudes toward Psychiatry at a Teaching Institute in North India: A Qualitative Pilot Study
Authors: Verma Nitisha , Yadav Mokshika , Kumar Sudhir , Kar Sujita Kumar
Published: November 2023

Background:

Medical students must embrace psychiatry and psychiatric illnesses with a positive outlook if we are to bridge the massive treatment gap for psychiatric illnesses. The opinions of medical students toward psychiatry have been investigated in several quantitative research carried out in India. Qualitative research is lacking, making it difficult to comprehend students’ perspectives. Hence, we created this qualitative study.

Methods:

We conducted online one-on-one in-depth interviews with three final-year students and two interns in this pilot study. The data were examined using content analysis. In addition, the most frequent codes were found using word cloud analysis.

Results:

Participants reported that students would get more knowledge about psychiatry if it is made a compulsory examination subject in the MBBS.

Conclusion:

The preliminary findings suggest that medical graduates mostly perceive psychiatry as a promising branch and feel that psychiatry as a branch will get its due importance if it is made a major subject in the medical curriculum.
Effectiveness of Four Different Obturation Techniques on the Penetration Depth of Bioceramic Sealers into the Dentin Tubules: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Faris Ghaith Hamid , Alhashimi Raghad Abdulrazzaq
Published: November 2023

Introduction: We aimed to assess the penetration depth of bioceramic sealers into the dentin tubules following different root canal obturation techniques included (A) warm vertical compaction, (B) carrier-based technique, (C) cold lateral compaction, and (D) single-cone obturation. Methods: This study utilized 40 extracted lower first premolars with developed apices and circular and straight root canals. The roots were eliminated to achieve an 11-mm length with a coronal flat measurement point. ProTaper Next rotary system was used for instrumentation. For obturation procedures, gutta-percha and Bio-C bioceramic sealer were employed, and the roots were randomly divided into four study groups, including (A) warm vertical compaction, (B) carrier-based technique, (C) cold lateral compaction, and (D) single-cone obturation. Depth of sealer penetration into the tubules was assessed using scanning electron microscopy. Result: We found significant differences in the penetration depth of bioceramic sealers based on obturation techniques (p < 0.001), location of dentin tubules (coronal, middle, or apical third) (p < 0.001), and the interaction between obturation techniques and location (p = 0.042). Conclusion: The warm vertical compaction and carrier-based technique showed superior penetration depth into the dentin tubules.
Assessment of the Impact of Adhesive and Wires Types on the Tensile Bond Strength of Fixed Lingual Retainers Used in Orthodontics: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Alhakim Ahmed Ibrahim , Alhuwaizi Akram Faisal
Published: November 2023

Introduction: We aimed to assess the impact of adhesive and wires types on the tensile bond strength of fixed lingual retainers. Methods: A total of 160 intact bovine teeth were collected, cleaned, stored in 25% sodium hypochlorite, and randomly assigned to two groups based on the adhesive type: a two-step adhesive and a one-step adhesive. Each group was further divided into four subgroups based on the type of lingual retainer wire, which included (A) 8-strand braided stainless steel wire, (B) three-strand titanium retainer wire, (C) stainless steel chain, and (D) fiber-reinforced retainer. A tensile bond strength test was conducted using a universal testing machine at a controlled speed of 10 mm/min. Result: The 8-strand braided stainless steel wire and stainless steel chain bonded by one-step self-priming adhesive showed significantly higher tensile bond strength (P < 0.001). The adhesive wire significantly affected the tensile bond strength (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it can be concluded that stainless steel wire and chain bonded by one-step self-priming adhesive showed higher tensile bond strength.
Overcoming Financial and Social Barriers during COVID-19: A Medical Student-led Medical Education Innovation
Authors: Oguntala Julianah O. , Mahmood Farhan , Henoud Claudine , Pierre-Louis Libny Lahelle , Fuad Asli , Okafor Ike
Published: November 2023

Background:

Underrepresented minorities in medicine (URMM) may face financial and social limitations when applying to medical schools. The computer-based assessment for sampling personal characteristics (CASPER) test is used by many medical schools to assess the nonacademic competencies of applicants. Performance on CASPER can be enhanced by coaching and mentorship, which URMMs often lack, for affordability reasons, when applying to medical schools.

Methods:

The CASPER Preparation Program (CPP) is a free, online, 4-week program to help URMM prepare for the CASPER test. CPP features free medical ethics resources, homework and practice tests, and feedback from tutors. Two of CPPs major objectives include relieving URMM of financial burdens and increasing their accessibility to mentorship during the COVID-19 pandemic. A program evaluation was conducted using anonymous, voluntary postprogram questionnaires to assess CPPs efficacy in achieving the aforementioned objectives.

Results:

Sixty URMMs completed the survey. The majority of the respondents strongly agreed or agreed that CPP relieves students of financial burden (97%), is beneficial for applicants with low-socioeconomic statuses (98%), provides students with resources they could not afford (n = 55; 92%), and enables access to mentors during the pandemic (90%).

Discussion:

Pathway coaching programs, such as the CASPER Preparation Program, have the potential to offer URMMs mentorship and financial relief, and increase their confidence and familiarity with standardized admission tests to help them matriculate into medical schools.
The Fever Mystery: Unraveling Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-associated Periodic Fever Syndrome as the Instigator of Secondary Renal Amyloidosis
Authors: Agarwal Arjun , Gupta Rakesh , Gogoi Niranjan , Sharma Kavish , Meedna Mahendra , Agrawal Dhananjai
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Secondary renal amyloidosis is a well-known complication that often follows chronic infections and rheumatological conditions. However, its association with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated periodic fever syndrome (TRAPS) is considerably less common and remains poorly understood. Here, we present an interesting case report of a patient diagnosed with secondary renal amyloidosis secondary to TRAPS.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Effect of Herbal Medicaments - Mangosteen, Turmeric, Babul Extracts, and Chlorhexidine against Candida albicans Biofilm in Endodontics: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Ramachandran Vinoo Subramaniam , Rathakrishnan Mensudar , Mudimbaimannar Vidya Kazhiyur , Ravindrran Malathy Balaraman , Venkatesh Alargarsamy , Dinakar Jayakumar
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Identification of causative microorganisms in the infected root canal can help in successful treatment. Microorganisms produce a mixture of organic volatile compounds, and determining these volatile organic compound metabolites by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) can help in pathogen identification in significant time by detecting the signature compounds of that particular organism. Commonly used root canal medicaments can cause a cytotoxic effect on tissue. Herbal medicaments with antimicrobial properties and less toxicity can be used as alternatives. This study aimed to evaluate in detail the metabolomes of Candida
albicans and also assess the antimicrobial efficacy of herbal medicines (mangosteen, turmeric, and babul extracts) and chlorhexidine against C.
albicans biofilm. Materials and methods: To examine the volatile organic compounds of C. albicans, the GC/MS method was employed. The phytochemical constituents of natural medicament extracts were identified using GC–MS analysis. Ethanol extracts of medicaments (50 mg/mL) were prepared and agar well diffusion method was used to assess the antimicrobial activity of herbal medicaments. Group 1: mangosteen extract, Group 2: babul extract, Group 3: turmeric extract, Group 4: chlorhexidine, Group 5: saline with chlorhexidine as a positive control. Results: Volatile organic compound metabolites determined by GC/MS revealed the signature volatile compounds of C. albicans. Antimicrobial evaluation by agar-well diffusion assay showed that babul exhibited the lowest zone of inhibition, whereas 2% chlorhexidine showed the highest zone of inhibition, followed by mangosteen extract. Conclusion: Due to their relative biosafety, natural plant-derived root canal medicaments can be considered as alternative options compared to synthetic medicaments.
OCT4 Positive Cancer Stem Cell Population in Oral Carcinogenesis
Authors: Pillai Varun Raghavan , Ramani Prathiba , Palani Jayanthi
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the predominant histological subtype of oral cancer, which is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. Despite the advances in therapy, the overall survival rate of oral cancer ranges between 45% and 50%. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subset of cancer cells that are believed to contribute to local recurrence and therapeutic resistance in OSCC. Cancer stem cells in OSCC express many of the same proteins involved in the core network that regulates embryonic stem cells (ESCs) such as NANOG, OCT4, and SOX2. Octomer binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) is considered to be one of the major regulators for self-renewal and the maintenance of the stem cell population in the undifferentiated tissue. This study was done to evaluate the expression for OCT4 in OSCC and oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) using immunohistochemistry. Materials and Methods: Histologically proven 40 cases of OSCC, 40 cases of oral leukoplakia with epithelial dysplasia, and 25 cases of normal oral mucosa (NOM) were assessed for immunohistochemical expression of OCT4. The percentage positivity and mean expression of OCT4 were calculated. The final immunohistochemical score was obtained by adding the mean expression and staining intensity of OCT4. Results: The mean expression of OCT4 in OSCC, OED, and NOM was 3.85± 1.05, 8.64± 2.12, and 1.75± 0.23 and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). A higher expression score of OCT4 was observed in 8% and 12% of OSCC and OED, respectively. Conclusion: The higher expression of OCT4 in OSCC and OED suggests that in addition to playing a role in tumorigenesis, OCT4 might be a potential marker for malignant transformation in OED.
Retroperitoneal germ cell tumor, primary or secondary: A diagnostic conundrum
Authors: Singh Surabhi , Mohanty Pranita , Das Prateek , Mohapatra Debahuti , Sahoo Pradyumna Kumar
Published: November 2023

Germ cell tumor, seminoma, is the most common cancer in young men’s testis. However, a small subset of tumors (1%–2%) originate in other locations and are referred to as primary extragonadal germ cell tumors. But such type of tumors’ origin is thought to be controversial as a significant bulk may represent metastases from primary occult/regressed testicular germ cell tumors. The entire primary extragonadal germ cell tumor is mostly non-seminomatous and present in higher ages than primary testicular germ cell tumors, most of which are seminoma. A 50-year-old male presented with a brief history of abdominal pain for 10 days. Ultrasonography of his abdomen revealed multiple enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Biopsy and immunohistochemistry of the left iliac node showed features consistent with metastatic seminoma. Ultrasound of the left testis showed a hypoechoic lesion. Positron emission tomography scan showed increased tracer uptake in both the testes without any abnormal enhancing mass lesion and increased fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the retroperitoneal lymph nodes. A high left inguinal orchidectomy revealed no tumor but a fibrotic scar tissue showing atrophic and ghost tubules, dense lymphoplasmacytic cells, and increased vascularity, implying regressed (burnt-out) seminoma. Regression of testicular seminoma shows a distinct constellation of findings permitting its diagnosis as a primary testicular tumor, which is imminent from a prognostic and therapeutic perspective.
Internet addiction and its mental health correlates among Indian medical graduate students in Rajasthan: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Prakash Prem , Meena Parth Singh , Kumar Ashok , Jilowa Charan Singh
Published: November 2023

Background:

Internet addiction (IA) can affect young students’ professional development and jeopardize long-term career goals.

Aim:

This study aimed to assess the proportion of medical graduate students having IA and to study the association of IA with stress, anxiety, and depression.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional, web-based study was done in a medical college from August 2021 to December 2021. Categorical data were presented as proportion, and continuous data as mean values and standard deviation (SD). The chi-square test, Spearman correlation test, and multivariate logistic regression were applied for statistical analysis.

Results:

The participants’ mean (SD) age was 20.8 (1.171) years. The prevalence of IA was 52.8%. Most participants (40%) had mild IA, 11.4% had moderate IA, and 1.2% had severe IA. About 11.9% of participants had stress, 28.6% had depression, and 54.7% had anxiety. IA was found to be significantly correlated with stress (r = 0.58, P < 0.01), depression (r = 0.63, P < 0.01), and anxiety (r = 0.59, P < 0.01). The multivariate regression models showed that age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.32, P = 0.002), current residence (AOR = 6.30 and 2.23, P < 0.01, 0.035), age at the time of initiation of internet use (AOR = 0.90, P = 0.046), stress (AOR = 1.19, P < 0.01), depression (AOR = 1.28, P < 0.01), and anxiety (AOR = 1.28, P < 0.01) were independent predictors of IA.

Conclusion:

Indian medical graduate students had a higher prevalence of IA, and IA was associated with stress, depression, and anxiety. Provisions for periodic mental health counseling and therapeutic intervention for affected students should be made. Follow-up studies should be done to assess the cause-effect relationship between these variables.
Interplay between coagulopathy and inflammation in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Prisi Shailata , Khurana Vatsala , Goswami Binita
Published: November 2023

Background:

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a systemic disease. Most patients have mild-to-moderate symptoms; however, severe respiratory symptoms develop in some. Although increased inflammatory markers and abnormal coagulation profile are related to the severity and mortality of COVID-19, no definitive relation has been established.

Materials and Methods:

The laboratory data of 199 patients with COVID-19 admitted to our dedicated COVID-19 care facility, categorized into mild (36), moderate (76), and severe (87) cases, were analyzed for a statistical association between the inflammatory markers and coagulation profile. IBM SPSS V23 software, Chicago, was used for data analysis.

Results:

A gradual increase in serum IL-6, ferritin, and D-dimer levels were observed from mild, moderate, and severe categories with statistically significant differences among all three groups. A positive correlation was observed between serum IL-6 and D-dimer (r
2 = 0.36, P < 0.01) only in the severe group. Among the three parameters, D-dimer had the best discriminating ability between severe and nonsevere disease with a serum cutoff level of 451 ng/mL.

Conclusion:

Thrombin has pro-inflammatory action. Similarly, IL-6 induces the release of acute-phase reactants like fibrinogen. Because of this interplay, patients with severe COVID-19 are at a dual risk of inflammatory and thromboembolic complications and must be monitored stringently.
Causes of blood product discard in the blood bank of tertiary health center over 5 years: A retrospective study
Authors: Shinde Sumedha P , Bhor Pramod , Kale Sanchiti S , Vatkar Arvind , Kale Sachin , Doshi Suraj S , Dey Joydeep K , Mandal Shobhan , Simha Kaushik
Published: November 2023

Background:

Blood and its constituents are necessary for human survival, and no major surgical procedure can be completed without using blood. Wastage of blood and blood products should ideally never occur. This study aimed to examine the load of blood discarded in our blood bank, the causes of the discard, and to reduce blood discard to a minimum by using innovative procedures and approaches.

Materials and Methods:

A 5-year retrospective research was conducted at the Department of Blood Bank, D. Y. Patil Hospital and Research Centre, Navi Mumbai, from 2018 to 2022.

Results:

Throughout our research period of 5 years, the average number of blood units collected was 4655/year. With an average of 2.5 blood products made from every whole blood collected, there were, on average, 117167/year blood products made. There was an overall decreasing trend of blood products discarded from 11% in 2018 to around 5% in 2022. The main reasons for blood discard were expired blood products (average 4.9%/year), transfusion-transmitted diseases (TTDs) (average 2%/year), and less quantity (average 0.5%/year).

Conclusion:

Expiry/outdated units were determined to be our study’s most prevalent reason for disposal. Over the years, the discard percentage has been reduced by half to 5% in 2022. Better blood bag collection, storage, and usage management might eliminate this discard. The coronavirus disease pandemic has been a pivot point, in which the discard rate gradually decreased despite less blood collection. TTDs were another major cause of blood discard in our blood bank (2%). By arranging revision training courses and educating our blood bank workers, we can reduce TTD as a cause of blood wastage.
Advanced Hybrid Model for Multi Paddy diseases detection using Deep Learning
Authors: Dixit Atul Kumar , Verma Rajat
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTION: Rapid developments in deep learning (DL) techniques have made it possible to find and recognize objects in pictures. To create a network that is significantly more successful than a single CNN, GAN, RNN, etc., we can mix various neural network models (CNN, GAN, RNN).this combination is known as hybrid model. Hybrid model of deep leaning is give more accurately result for detection and identification of paddy diseases.
OBJECTIVES: I have studies outcome of hybrid model 1(DCNN+SVM) and Hybrid model 2 (DCNN + Transfer Learning) to increase accuracy of Rice plant disease detection and classification. The Researched model detects multiple rice plant diseases and it is giving same result in multiple data sets.
METHODS: The Proposed System have used Deep Learning Image Processing algorithm and neural Network Like DCNN ,SVM and Transfer Learning .The brand new model is DST where D stands for DCNN, S stands for SVM and T stands for transfer learning.
RESULTS: The Researched  DST model achieved 95% Training accuracy and 85% validation Accuracy. The Researched model detect multiple rice plant diseases and it is giving same result in multiple data set.
CONCLUSION: The proposed model combined 2 existing model and developed hybrid model that a detect various rice plant diseases with better accuracy from available existing model.
Evidence for a role of metformin in preventing olfactory dysfunction among older adults
Authors: Assi S , Vohra V , Zhang W , Reed N S , Lane A P , Ramanathan Jr. M. , Rowan N R
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is increasingly recognized as a hallmark of unhealthy aging and is intimately associated with mortality, but therapies remain elusive. Recognizing the increased prevalence of OD in individuals with diabetes, and the potential anti-aging effects of metformin, we studied the association of metformin use with OD. METHODS: Cross-temporal study of participants from Waves 2 (2010-11) and 3 (2015-16) of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP), a nationally representative cohort study of community-dwelling older adults. We included participants with diabetes who had complete data on olfaction and relevant covariates at Wave 2 and were not lost to follow-up at Wave 3. Olfactory identification (OI), the ability to identify the odorant, and olfactory sensitivity (OS), the ability to detect the presence of an odorant, were tested. Weighted multivariable logistic regression was used to study the association between metformin use at Wave 2 (baseline) and odds of having impaired OI/OS at Wave 3, adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, smoking, BMI, HbA1c, years since diabetes diagnosis, and insulin use. RESULTS: Among 228 participants with diabetes (mean age=70 years, 53% female, 21% Black), 112 (49%) used metformin at baseline. Relative to nonusers, users had 58% lower odds of impaired OI and 67% lower odds of impaired OS at Wave 3. Among participants with normal baseline OS (N=62), users had 97% lower odds of impaired OS at Wave 3. CONCLUSIONS: Metformin use is associated with lower odds of OD among individuals with diabetes, suggesting a potential protective effect on olfaction. Future work including a larger sample and additional information on metformin use is needed to establish whether these findings are independent of diabetic control.
Алгебро-геометрический подход к построению полугамильтоновых систем гидродинамического типа
Authors: Glukhov Evgeniy Vladimirovich , Mokhov Oleg Ivanovich
Published: November 2023

Алгебро-геометрическими методами построен класс полугамильтоновых диагональных систем гидродинамического типа. Для таких систем по алгебро-геометрическим данным построены гидродинамические интегралы и гидродинамические симметрии. Кроме того, выяснено, какие алгебро-геометрические данные выделяют в этом классе гамильтоновы диагональные системы с гамильтоновыми структурами, задаваемыми плоскими метриками (локальными скобками Дубровина-Новикова) и метриками постоянной кривизны (нелокальными скобками Мохова-Ферапонтова).
Библиография: 27 наименований.
Malitzin/Doña Marina: la construcción de un personaje histórico en la ensayística de Teresa de la Parra y Mirta Aguirre
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Morales Faedo Mayuli
Published: November 2023

El propósito de este trabajo es hacer un análisis de la configuración del personaje histórico de Malitzin/Doña Marina en dos ensayos de identidad de la primera mitad del siglo XX, cuya especificidad es que articulan la historia continental a la luz del accionar de las mujeres: “Influencia de las mujeres en la formación del alma americana” (1930), de la escritora venezolana Teresa de la Parra e “Influencia de la mujer en Iberoamérica” (1947) de la ensayista cubana Mirta Aguirre. En ambos ensayos, la interpretación histórica del personaje Malitzin difiere de las representaciones usuales del canon hispanoamericano, por lo que deben leerse como una construcción dialógica.
Apuntes para una aproximación geocrítica en América Latina
Authors:   Sorbonne Université, Francia, Martín Santamaría Enrique
Published: November 2023

En este artículo se presentan los postulados básicos de la Geocrítica, disciplina propuesta por Bertrand Westphal, con la intención de contribuir a su difusión en el ámbito hispanohablante, donde su presencia no está tan extendida como en otros contextos académicos. Esta aproximación, que aspira a reconstruir las redes intertextuales que forman la dimensión imaginaria de un espacio geográfico, invita a considerar el mayor número de voces posibles: consagradas y marginales, locales y extranjeras, antiguas y recientes. Con ello, se ofrece una mirada plural sobre el hecho literario. Un contexto cada vez más global reclama enfoques interdisciplinarios y capaces de adaptarse a una realidad cambiante. En el caso de América Latina, la Geocrítica permite dar paso a nuevas voces con las que reconsiderar ciertas jerarquías (económicas, de género, étnicas) que condicionan de manera decisiva las representaciones de sus espacios.
Reflecting on Academic Freedom Through Fiction: A Theatrical Exploration of the Blurry Contours of the Freedom to Teach
Authors: Paquin Julie , Choko Maude
Published: November 2023

This article aims at exploring the contribution that creative forms of research can make to the study of a little-known aspect of academic freedom in the Canadian context – academic freedom in curriculum development. It seeks to address the methodological challenge posed by research on academic freedom, that is, the fact that any academic writing on this topic necessarily draws initially, though not exclusively, from the researchers’ own experiences and perspectives. The article brings to life a fictional faculty meeting, during which questions about academic freedom in teaching are discussed. Although this meeting is the product of our imagination, its starting point is based on real-life events, that is, the implementation in some North American universities of a course developed and initially offered outside of academia by people closely related to a well-known personal development organization.
„GETTING IT ACROSS THE TABLE“: THE MANIFESTLY DISCOURSE ADVERBIALS REVISITED
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Philology and Arts, Mišković-Luković Мirjana M.
Published: November 2023

The paper reconsiders the semantic and pragmatic roles of a subset of parenthetical linguistic expressions that typically go under a general heading of sentence (or sentential) adverbs (or adverbials) or pragmatic markers. The subset comprises expressions that encode the speaker’s strongest subjective stance to the proposition expressed by the utterance (e.g. the English expressions obviously, clearly, evidently, certainly and surely, and their Serbian counterparts očigledno, jasno, sigurno and svakako). Given the main, theoretic, orientation of the paper, however, the contrastive issue had to be neglected. Still, the paper gives an impetus for contrastive studies, in particular, regarding the encoded linguistic meaning in relation to interactional import. An accumulation of contrastive data, and analyses thereof, will contribute not only to re-evaluating and refining what we have come to know about encoded meaning, but also, and more importantly, to solving the conten- tious issue of the strict conceptual/procedural dichotomy.
SEMANTIC FEATURES OF STANCE TAKING: AN ANALYSIS OF L1 SERBIAN/L2 ENGLISH WRITING AT THE TERTIARY LEVEL
Authors:   University of Niš, Faculty of Philosophy, Department of English, Veličković Marta V.
Published: November 2023

Stance taking is a topic of some interest in the L2 English language teaching and learning com- munity. So far it has been analyzed in a variety of foreign languages. In the Serbian linguistic environment, it has been the focus of studies carried out by Blagojević (2004, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012), and Veličković and Danilović Jeremić (2020, 2021), inter alia. Some of the reasons why it is a topic of interest are the various types of stance that can be assumed and the various types of both syntactic and lexical units that can be used to convey it. It is also a component of L2 writing that needs to be explicitly addressed in the EFL classroom. With that in mind, the aim of this study is to continue with the work previously done on a variety of syntactic units used to convey stance in the L1 Serbian/L2 English environment, by extending it to include lexical/ semantic features associated with stance taking. In particular, the focus will be on adjectival and verbal collexemes (as per Wang et al. 2022), in combination with the introductory it-pattern. The analysis will be carried out on a corpus of expository essays written by fourth-year English language majors attending the University of Niš. The results should shed further light on where proficient L1 Serbian students of English stand on this particular topic, and combined with previous results, will clarify which steps need to be taken further.
THE PRODUCTION OF HIGH BACK VOWELS: A CONTRASTIVE STUDY OF AMERICAN ENGLISH AND STANDARD SERBIAN
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Philology and Arts, Janevska Marija N.
Published: November 2023

This paper reports on the findings of a contrastive study of American English high back vowels /u, ʊ/ and Serbian vowel /u/ produced by ten male native speakers of Serbian. Previous research (Marković 2009a; Bjekić, Čubrović 2021; Čubrović 2019, 2017; Dančetović, Nešić 2017) has indicated that the differences in quality between the English high back vowels /u/ and /ʊ/ are often poorly detected by Serbian speakers. Therefore, the overall aim of the present research is to observe the acoustic properties of high back vowels in the given languages, so as to determine whether or not our subjects can adequately produce the L2 vowels with respect to both quality and quantity, and whether they can differentiate them from their L1 categories. The research subjects were first instructed to read a set of 13 monosyllabic English words representing the high back vowels /u, ʊ/ in different phonetic environments. The second task called for the subjects to read a set of 13 Serbian words representing the vowel /u/ in short and long stressed syllables. The collected speech samples were then analyzed acoustically using Praat, version 6.2.13 (Boersma, Weenink 2022). The statistical analysis of the acoustic measurements was performed using R, version 4.2.1 (R Development Core Team 2022). The results suggest that, in terms of quantity, in the speech of Serbian students, the lax vowel, in particular, bears more resemblance to the subjects’ L1 category, rather than the targeted vowel. The analysis of the formant data indicates that, although our subjects’ L2 categories differ from those of native speakers, the quality of GA high back vowels our subjects produce does not reflect the quality of their L1 categories.
A Comprehensive Description of Intake of Diverse Foods By Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Selectively Bred on a Taste Phenotype
Authors: Dews Katherine C , Dess Nancy K , Chapman Clinton D
Published: November 2023

Eating is a central feature of the lives of opportunistic omnivores such as humans and Norway rats. Yet in most laboratory research with Rattus norvegicus, the food landscape is monotonous, and the studies utilizing a variety of foods shed little light on intake of individual foods or choice behavior. The present study provides the most comprehensive description to date of female and male laboratory rats’ intake of foods that they and humans encounter outside of the laboratory. In eleven experiments, test foods included varieties of peanut butter, cheese, cookies, meat, chocolate, fruits, and vegetables. Rats were given commercial products or custom versions that controlled for proportion of calories from fat and caloric density, one or two foods at a time. A final experiment examined pure macronutrient self-selection. Intraspecies diversity was modeled with rat lines selectively bred on a taste phenotype. All groups voluntarily ate every food, with intake (in grams) highest for vegetables and lowest for pure macronutrients. When Low- (LoS) and High-Saccharin-Consuming (HiS) rats differed, LoS rats ate more meat and fat and were choosier whereas HiS rats ate high-carbohydrate foods more avidly; exceptions and sex-dependent differences occurred. Using these results to enrich the food landscape for laboratory rats can enhance the comparative study of food intake and its relation to other behavioral systems.
Improving PubMed Search Using Medical subject heading ( MeSH) Terms
Authors: Umar Mahvish , Sharif Sadaf , Younas Sana
Published: November 2023

Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms are valuable tools to conduct focused and concise search. This review article evaluates the performance of search strategies for retrieval of information from the national Library of Medicine (NLM) by using the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) while searching for articles about analgesics used for pain management in cancer patient. We limited our search to 10 types of analgesics. We compared two search strategies MeSH terms and text word searching. Results emphasized that search through MeSH terms provide more precise, efficient and time saving information compared to the text word search. Understanding and learning how to search in PubMed using MeSH terms strategy tool is highly recommended for healthcare professionals to efficiently retrieve the search related information in a timely manner.
Transcriptome Analysis of the Cultured Hybrid Grouper (♀Epinephelus fuscoguttatus×♂E. lanceolatus) Immunized with Vibrio harveyi formalin-killed cells vaccine (FKC) combined with chitosan oligosaccharide
Authors: Wan Xiaoju , Da Fan , Lin Guixiang , Huang Yucong , Cai Shuanghu , Jian Jichang
Published: November 2023

Grouper has become an essential mariculture species in China, while vibriosis caused by Vibrio harveyi significantly impacts its culture. Our previous study confirmed the V. harveyi formalin-killed cells vaccine (FKC) combined with chitosan oligosaccharide (FKC+COS) effectively prevents vibriosis. As an adjuvant, COS could significantly enhance FKC effectiveness against V. harveyi in grouper. In the present study, we performed transcriptome analysis of grouper spleens tissue 14 days post-immunization of PBS and FKC+COS, respectively. After assembly and annotation, 2,503 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained, including the upregulated 1,894 DEGs and downregulated 609 DEGs between the PBS group and FKC+COS group. To explore the relevance of DEGs in immunity, enrichment analysis in the KEGG database revealed that the main pathways of DEGs distribution associated with immunity were antigen processing and presentation, lysosome, the intestinal immune network for IgA production and FcγR-mediated phagocytosis. In conclusion, transcriptome analysis of spleens was performed to explore the potential mechanism of COS as an adjuvant enhancing the protection effectiveness of FKC against vibriosis in grouper.
INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES
Authors: Lopatiuk Olena
Published: November 2023

The article examines the issue of improving the professional training of future specialists with innovative technologies in physical education classes. It is highlighted that the main principles of professional training are a systemic, personally oriented approach, the main concept of which is the system as a whole, in which the educational process is considered as a stable set of interdependent elements (subsystems: didactic, educational, methodical, social) and interconnected actions in them. Their joint functioning is aimed at educating healthy students with a high level of physical fitness and acquired knowledge, abilities and skills for independent physical exercises. It is theoretically substantiated that physical education focuses on the development of the student as a personality, individuality and an active subject of professional training, which can be implemented only on the humanistic-democratic basis of pedagogical activity. Such an organization of professional training of future specialists increasingly acquires the character of dialogue, cooperation, co-creation, in which the mutually interested exchange of experiences of the teacher and the student prevails. This provides wider opportunities for students to prepare to meet the requirements of the future profession, the success of self-realization in which will be determined both by his professional knowledge and acmeological factors of life, attitude to the health of his and subordinates. The physical culture of a person reflects his education, physical fitness and perfection, which are achieved on the basis of the use of physical education. Physical education in the construction of the system of self-realization of the individual acts as a subject of self-improvement and involvement in the values of physical culture and is aimed at the object of improvement and development - the personality of the student. Therefore, physical education, as an educational discipline, reflects the level of education, physical and mental capacity, the formation of a culture of health based on the use of means and methods of physical education. Thus, the introduction of innovative technologies and their elements in the educational environment allow, to a greater extent, to solve the tasks of physical education, to increase interest in physical education, to satisfy motor activity, to increase the level of health and the development of physical qualities.
ԿՐՈՆԱԿԱՆ ԱՌԱՐԿԱՆԵՐԻ ԴԵՐԸ ԱՐԵՒԵԼԱՀԱՅ ԴՊՐՈՑՆԵՐՈՒՄ
Authors: Ղևոնդյան Մանե
Published: November 2023

Այս ուսումնասիրության շրջանակներում անդրադարձել ենք արևելահայ դպրոցների՝ Գևորգ Դ ամենայ հայոց կաթողիկոսի օրոք հաստատված ծխական, թեմական, վանական կանոնադրություններին: Զուգահեռներ ենք անցկացրել արևելահայ դպրոցի և ռուսական պետական և հոգևոր դպրոցների միջև:  Երևանի թեմական դպրոցի օրինակով վերլուծել ենք քննվող ժամանակաշրջանի կրթության բովանդակությունը: Առանձնակի ուշադրություն ենք դարձրել ընդհանուր կրթության մեջ կրոնական առարկաների նպատակներին: Հրապարակում եղած դպրոցական կանոնադրությունների, ուսումնասիրությունների հիման վրա վերլուծել ենք արևելահայ ծխական, թեմական, վանական դպրոցների կրթական բովանդակությունը, բացահայտել, թե կրոնական ինչպիսի առարկաներ են ընդգրկված եղել այդ կրթօջախներում:

Մինչ օրս տարբեր ուսումնասիրողներ անդրադարձել են արևելահայ դպրոցի պատմությանը, կրթության և դաստիարակության նպատակներին, տեսուչների գործունեությանը, դասագրքերին, ուսուցման մեթոդներին: Հետաքրքրական է պարզել, թե ինչպիսի կրոնական դասընթացներ են ընդգրկված եղել քննվող ժամանակաշրջանի դպրոցներում, ինչ հերթականությամբ են ուսումնասիրվել այդ առարկաները, ինչ նպատակներ են հետապնդել: Այս հարցերի լուսաբանումը կօգնի պատկերացում կազմել դպրոցներում  այդօրինակ առարկաների ուսումնասիրության հերթականության մասին, ծանոթանալ քննվող ժամանակաշրջանում քրիստոնեական կրթության նպատակներին: 

Այսպիսով, ռուսական պետական և հոգևոր դպրոցները ունեցել են քառաստիճան համակարգ: Յուրաքանչյուր դպրոցի շրջանավարտ ընդունվել է հաջորդ դպրոցական աստիճան: Արևելահայ դպրոցը ձևավորվել  է ռուսական պետական և հոգևոր դպրոցական համակարգերի  տրամաբանությամբ: Չեն եղել պետական դպրոցներ, սակայն Հայոց Եկեղեցու հովանու ներքո ձևավորվել են ծխական, թեմական, վանական դպրոցներ: Ծխական և թեմական դպրոցները ապահովել են աշխարհիկ կրթություն: Վանական դպրոցներ ընդունվել են հոգևորականի կոչում ստանալու նպատակով: 

Քննվող ժամանակաշրջանում արևելահայ կրթական քաղաքականությունը ուղղված է եղել աշխարհիկ մասնագետներ և հոգևորականներ պատրաստելուն: Դպրոցական կանոնադրություններից տեղեկանում ենք, որ առարկայացանկերում ընդգրկված են եղել «Քրիստոնէական վարդապետություն», «Հին և Նոր Կտակարանի Սրբազան պատմություն», «Եկեղեցական երգեցողություն», «Աստվածաբանություն» խորագրերով դասընթացներ: Առարկաների խորագրերի վերլուծությունը փաստում է այն մասին, որ աշակերտները ստացել են համապարփակ քրիստոնեական կրթություն:
ХРОНОТОПОЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЙ (ХТЛ) ПОДХОД К ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯМ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЙ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
Authors: Бермус Александр
Published: November 2023

Одной из ведущих теоретико-методологических проблем современной образовательной ситуации является неопределенность ценностного и онтологического статуса происходящих в образовании изменений. На протяжении последних трех десятилетий в качестве наиболее общей категориальной рамки побывали категории «развития», «модернизации», но в современных условиях более осмысленным следует признать категорию «трансформации». Целью статьи является: разработка теоретико-методологического аппарата описания, интерпретации, исследований и проектирования трансформационных процессов в образовании с опорой на теоретико-методологические принципы трансформационных исследований в различных сферах современной науки в контексте конкретных «кейсов» предполагаемых изменений системы педагогического образования в России. Концептуальными и категориальными основаниями исследований и разработок в области трансформации педагогического образования могут стать: трансформационные исследования в рамках институциональной парадигмы социально-экономических исследований (Гелбрейт Д.К., Корнаи Я., Норт Д., Сакс Д., Шумпетер Й. и др.); трансформационные модели в лингвистике (Н.Хомский, И.А.Мельчук); математическая топология и абстрактная алгебра (Ф.Хаусдорф, П.С.Александров, П.С.Урысон и др.), а также – современные модели применения искусственного интеллекта (ИИ, AI).

В качестве основного концепта, в настоящей статье, применяется «ХТЛ-подход», означающий совместное применение хронологических (темпоральных), топологических (пространственных) и лингвистических (дискурсивных) инструментов для анализа ситуации и ее трансформаций. При этом каждый из аспектов может быть осмыслен и в качестве «внешнего» (физическое пространство, время, слова), и в качестве «внутреннего» значения (пространство и время человеческого выбора, смысловые и ценностные основания), что позволяет реализовать этот подход в контексте гуманизации и экзистенциальной аналитики образования. Непосредственными результатами проведенного исследования, стали постановки в ХТЛ-подходе ведущих проблем современного этапа трансформации педагогического образования, в числе которых: уточнение количества и номенклатуры компетенций; определение перспективы перехода к специалитету и изменения сроков подготовки; трансформация магистратуры; обновление ядра содержания педагогического образования; обеспечение преемственности разных уровней педагогического образования. В заключении статьи определены три ведущих направления теоретико-методологических исследований, в числе которых: сравнительные международные исследования трансформаций образования; прикладная теория «парциальных» образовательных дискурсов»; прикладная «хронотопология образования», ориентированная на выявление пространственно-временных соотношений внутри существующих форм и практик образования.
Analisis Distribusi Selling-in UD. Bumi Pepaya untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja Pemasaran pada Perkebunan Pepaya di Desa Wonosobo Kecamatan Srono Kabupaten Banyuwangi
Authors: Prastyo Rival Bagus , Santoso Budi , Wibowo Yohanes Gunawan
Published: November 2023

Karena perkembangan dunia bisnis yang cepat, semakin banyak bisnis yang menjadi distributor UD. Bumi Pepaya. pasar barang dan jasa. Ini memiliki efek meningkatkan jumlah item yang tersedia dalam kualitas yang berbeda. Seluruh individu di dunia, khususnya para pelaku bisnis di era globalisasi ini, yang ingin mempertahankan eksistensinya harus mengerahkan seluruh potensi dan kekuatannya agar mampu bersaing dengan yang lain karena tingkat persaingan yang sangat ketat. Dalam wawancara ini, peneliti melakukan wawancara terbuka dan mengajukan beberapa pertanyaan terkait Analisis Distribusi Selling-in Untuk meningkatkan Kinerja Pemasaran yang dilakukan UD. Bumi Pepaya yaitu dengan menerapkan 2 metode secara vertikal dan horizontal sehingga secara horizontal lebih banyak agen atau pedagang kecil yang mempercayai UD. Bumi Pepaya sebagai pemasoknya untuk memberi konsumen kepuasan terhadap buah pepaya yang dijual di tempat tersebut. Begitu pun secara vertikal petani yang telah mempercayai dan memiliki loyalitas terhadap UD. Variasi barang yang ditawarkan Bumi Pepaya kepada pelanggannya semakin berkembang. Distribusi selling-in dilakukan kepada UD. Sifat produk yaitu buah pepaya yang diproduksi oleh petani yang rentan rusak atau mudah busuk sehingga memerlukan penanganan yang baik pada saat proses pengiriman ke Bali dan Semarang merupakan salah satu faktor yang diperhatikan oleh petani Bumi Pepaya saat memilih saluran distribusi. Biaya penggunaan saluran distribusi Selling-in biaya yang ditentukan mulai awal sudah sesuai dengan kesepakatan yang telah dilakukan oleh petani dengan distributor UD. Bumi Pepaya.
Erbliche Tumorsyndrome: Breiter Diagnostikansatz mittels Next Generation Sequencing und regelmäßiger Reevaluierung
Authors: Holinski-Feder Elke , Steinke-Lange Verena
Published: November 2023

Die erblichen Tumorsyndrome (ETS) sind in der medizinischen Versorgung angekommen: Sie können molekulargenetisch diagnostiziert werden, und es sind für einige Erkrankungen Versorgungstandards vorhanden. Neben versorgungs- und therapierelevanten Aspekten für die Patient:innen selbst betreffen sie gegebenenfalls auch weitere Familienmitglieder. Die Erfassung der Betroffenen sollte in der Breite erfolgen, um Tumoren möglichst früh zu erkennen und individualisiert zu therapieren. Die Hochdurchsatzsequenzierung (Next Generation Sequencing, NGS) hat die Sanger-Sequenzierung abgelöst und ist nun die Basis der molekulargenetischen Diagnostik. Die damals erarbeiteten Indikationskriterien sind deshalb heute nicht mehr haltbar. Die Daten zeigen, dass eine breitere NGS-Analyse einen höheren Anteil an ETS in mehr Familien erfassen kann, die dann einer risikoangepassten Vorsorge oder individualisierten Therapie zugeführt werden können. Ein wichtiges zusätzliches Instrument ist die regelmäßige Reevaluierung unklarer Sequenzvarianten, um für die betroffenen Familien langfristig Sicherheit hinsichtlich einer erblichen Tumorprädisposition zu schaffen.