bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Facile Synthesis of Mixed-Mode Weak Anion-Exchange Microspheres via One-Step Pickering Emulsion Polymerization for Efficient Simultaneous Extraction of Strongly and Weakly Acidic Drugs from Reservoir Water
Authors: Gou Xiaoyi , Li Yun , Huang Chaonan , Zhu Xiuhua , Chen Jiping
Published: September 2020

Poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate-co-divinylbenzene) (poly(DEAEMA-co-DVB)) microspheres with mixed-mode weak anion-exchange (WAX) character were successfully fabricated for the first time via facile one-step Pickering emulsion polymerization. The obtained poly(DEAEMA-co-DVB) particles had good spherical geometry, uniform particle size in the range of 30–40 µm, a large specific surface area of 575 m2/g, and a pore size range of 5–30 nm, according to the SEM and nitrogen adsorption–desorption results. Using these mixed-mode WAX microspheres as packing material, a reliable and robust analytical method based on solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (SPE-HPLC-UV) was developed for simultaneous determination of six strongly and weakly acidic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, niflumic acid, diflunisal, naproxen, ketoprofen, mefenamic acid, and diclofenac) in reservoir water. Under optimized conditions, it was applicable to preconcentrate up to 500 mL of reservoir water samples on the WAX cartridges with satisfying recoveries (88–96%) for all the NSAIDs tested. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.002–0.025 μg L−1, respectively. Our results showed that the developed mixed-mode WAX poly(DEAEMA-co-DVB) phase containing a tertiary amine with a pKa value of approximately 10.7 could be used for simultaneous clean-up and preconcentration of strongly and weakly acidic organic pollutants in real environmental water, which could not be achieved by single use of quaternary ammonium strong anion-exchange phase or weaker primary and secondary amine anion-exchange.
Rapid Drop-Volume Electrochemical Detection of the “Date Rape” Drug Flunitrazepam in Spirits Using a Screen-Printed Sensor in a Dry-Reagent Format
Authors: Papadopoulos Frixos , Diamanteas Konstantinos , Economou Anastasios , Kokkinos Christos
Published: September 2020

Flunitrazepam is an extremely potent benzodiazepine sedative which is associated with “drug-facilitated sexual assault” when administered within an alcoholic drink. This work describes a simple electrochemical method for on-site rapid detection of flunitrazepam in untreated spirits (whiskey, vodka and gin) using a single-use screen-printed sensor (featuring graphite working and auxiliary electrodes and an Ag/AgCl reference electrode) in a dry reagent format. Analysis was performed by placing a drop of sample on the sensor, which was previously coated with dry KCl, and recording selected reduction/oxidation peaks of the target compound in a cyclic voltammetry scan. The limit of quantification of flunitrazepam was at the sub-mg L−1 range. The between-sensor % relative standard deviation of the analytically useful reduction peak in a solution containing 11.4 mg L−1 flunitrazepam was 9.8% (n = 5). Quantification was performed using calibration curves constructed from pooled samples spiked with flunitrazepam with relative errors <15%. The main advantages of the methodology are that it involves no sample pretreatment (such as deoxygenation, extraction or reagent(s) addition) and requires only drop-sized volumes of the sample, thus facilitating rapid on-site screening using portable equipment.
A Highly Magnetic Field Sensitive Photonic Crystal Fiber Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance
Authors: Huang Huimin , Zhang Zhenrong , Yu Yang , Zhou Lingjun , Tao Yuyu , Li Guofeng , Yang Junbo
Published: September 2020

A novel magnetic field sensor comprising a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is designed and investigated based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR). We use finite element analysis in order to analyze the sensing characteristics of the magnetic field sensor. The simulation results show that the sensor is very sensitive to the change of refractive index and has good linearity in the refractive index range from 1.43–1.45. The thickness of the metal film and the metal material has great influence on the resonance wavelength and the peak of the loss spectrum, the diameter of the central air hole will affect SPP excitation. When the thickness of gold layer is 50 nm, the refractive index sensitivity is 4125 nm/RIU in the refractive index range from 1.43–1.45. Using the designed sensor for magnetic field sensing, the loss spectrum is red-shifted with the increase of the magnetic field, the highest magnetic field sensitivity can reach 61.25 pm/Oe in the range from 50 Oe to 130 Oe. The sensor not only has high sensitivity of refractive index, but it can also realize accurate measurement of magnetic field. It has huge application potential in complex environment, remote sensing, real-time monitoring, and other fields.
Novel Method for Vibration Sensor-Based Instantaneous Defect Frequency Estimation for Rolling Bearings Under Non-Stationary Conditions
Authors: Zhao Dezun , Gelman Len , Chu Fulei , Ball Andrew
Published: September 2020

It is proposed a novel instantaneous frequency estimation technology, multi-generalized demodulation transform, for non-stationary signals, whose true time variations of instantaneous frequencies are unknown and difficult to extract from the time-frequency representation due to essentially noisy environment. Theoretical bases of the novel instantaneous frequency estimation technology are created. The main innovations are summarized as: (a) novel instantaneous frequency estimation technology, multi-generalized demodulation transform, is proposed, (b) novel instantaneous frequency estimation results, obtained by simulation, for four types of amplitude and frequency modulated non-stationary single and multicomponent signals under strong background noise (signal to noise ratio is −5 dB), and (c) novel experimental instantaneous frequency estimation results for defect frequency of rolling bearings for multiple defect frequency harmonics, using the proposed technology in non-stationary conditions and in conditions of different levels of noise interference, including a strong noise interference. Quantitative instantaneous frequency estimation errors are employed to evaluate performance of the proposed IF estimation technology. Simulation and experimental estimation results show high effectiveness of the proposed estimation technology.
A Review of Piezoelectric PVDF Film by Electrospinning and Its Applications
Authors: Kalimuldina Gulnur , Turdakyn Nursultan , Abay Ingkar , Medeubayev Alisher , Nurpeissova Arailym , Adair Desmond , Bakenov Zhumabay
Published: September 2020

With the increase of interest in the application of piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in nanogenerators (NGs), sensors, and microdevices, the most efficient and suitable methods of their synthesis are being pursued. Electrospinning is an effective method to prepare higher content β-phase PVDF nanofiber films without additional high voltage poling or mechanical stretching, and thus, it is considered an economically viable and relatively simple method. This work discusses the parameters affecting the preparation of the desired phase of the PVDF film with a higher electrical output. The design and selection of optimum preparation conditions such as solution concentration, solvents, the molecular weight of PVDF, and others lead to electrical properties and performance enhancement in the NG, sensor, and other applications. Additionally, the effect of the nanoparticle additives that showed efficient improvements in the PVDF films was discussed as well. For instance, additives of BaTiO3, carbon nanotubes, graphene, nanoclays, and others are summarized to show their contributions to the higher piezo response in the electrospun PVDF. The recently reported applications of electrospun PVDF films are also analyzed in this review paper.
Radiometric Calibration of an Inexpensive LED-Based Lidar Sensor
Authors: Laughlin Jordan , Hartzell Preston , Glennie Craig , Kovermann Jan W.
Published: September 2020

Radiometric calibration of laser-based, topographic lidar sensors that measure range via time of flight or phase difference is well established. However, inexpensive, short-range lidar sensors that utilize non-traditional ranging techniques, such as indirect time of flight, may report radiometric quantities that are not appropriate for existing calibration methods. One such lidar sensor is the TeraRanger Evo 60 m by Terabee, whose reported amplitude measurements do not vary smoothly with the amount of return signal power. We investigate the performance of a new radiometric calibration model, one based on a neural network, applied to the Evo 60 m. The proposed model is found to perform similarly to those applied to traditional lidar sensors, with root mean square errors in predicted target reflectance of no more than ±6% for non-specular surfaces. The radiometric calibration model provides a generic approach that may be applicable to other low-cost lidar sensors that report return signal amplitudes that are not smoothly proportional to target range and reflectance.
Electrochemical Detection of Pyocyanin as a Biomarker for Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Focused Review
Authors: Alatraktchi Fatima AlZahra’a , Svendsen Winnie E. , Molin Søren
Published: September 2020

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a pathogen that is recognized for its advanced antibiotic resistance and its association with serious diseases such as ventilator-associated pneumonia and cystic fibrosis. The ability to rapidly detect the presence of pathogenic bacteria in patient samples is crucial for the immediate eradication of the infection. Pyocyanin is one of PA’s virulence factors used to establish infections. Pyocyanin promotes virulence by interfering in numerous cellular functions in host cells due to its redox-activity. Fortunately, the redox-active nature of pyocyanin makes it ideal for detection with simple electrochemical techniques without sample pretreatment or sensor functionalization. The previous decade has seen an increased interest in the electrochemical detection of pyocyanin either as an indicator of the presence of PA in samples or as a tool for quantifying PA virulence. This review provides the first overview of the advances in electrochemical detection of pyocyanin and offers an input regarding the future directions in the field.
Visual Browse and Exploration in Motion Capture Data with Phylogenetic Tree of Context-Aware Poses
Authors: Chen Songle , Zhao Xuejian , Luo Bingqing , Sun Zhixin
Published: September 2020

Visual browse and exploration in motion capture data take resource acquisition as a human–computer interaction problem, and it is an essential approach for target motion search. This paper presents a progressive schema which starts from pose browse, then locates the interesting region and then switches to online relevant motion exploration. It mainly addresses three core issues. First, to alleviate the contradiction between the limited visual space and ever-increasing size of real-world database, it applies affinity propagation to numerical similarity measure of pose to perform data abstraction and obtains representative poses of clusters. Second, to construct a meaningful neighborhood for user browsing, it further merges logical similarity measures of pose with the weight quartets and casts the isolated representative poses into a structure of phylogenetic tree. Third, to support online motion exploration including motion ranking and clustering, a biLSTM-based auto-encoder is proposed to encode the high-dimensional pose context into compact latent space. Experimental results on CMU’s motion capture data verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Origin–Destination Flow Estimation from Link Count Data Only
Authors: Dey Subhrasankha , Winter Stephan , Tomko Martin
Published: September 2020

All established models in transportation engineering that estimate the numbers of trips between origins and destinations from vehicle counts use some form of a priori knowledge of the traffic. This paper, in contrast, presents a new origin–destination flow estimation model that uses only vehicle counts observed by traffic count sensors; it requires neither historical origin–destination trip data for the estimation nor any assumed distribution of flow. This approach utilises a method of statistical origin–destination flow estimation in computer networks, and transfers the principles to the domain of road traffic by applying transport-geographic constraints in order to keep traffic embedded in physical space. Being purely stochastic, our model overcomes the conceptual weaknesses of the existing models, and additionally estimates travel times of individual vehicles. The model has been implemented in a real-world road network in the city of Melbourne, Australia. The model was validated with simulated data and real-world observations from two different data sources. The validation results show that all the origin–destination flows were estimated with a good accuracy score using link count data only. Additionally, the estimated travel times by the model were close approximations to the observed travel times in the real world.
Dual-Polarized Multi-Channel 24 GHz Radar Sensor Antenna for High Channel-to-Channel Isolation
Authors: Kim Young-Jun , Noh Gunhark , Lee Han Lim , Yu Sungwook
Published: September 2020

This article presents a dual-polarized, high gain multi-beam and high T/Rx channel-to-channel isolation antenna module for 24 GHz sensor applications. The proposed antenna is configured to support 2-Tx and 2-Rx channels with a pair of vertically polarized (VP) radiation pattern and a pair of horizontally polarized (HP) radiation pattern. Further, each linearly polarized T/Rx antenna is configured by 2 × 4 array with a multi-layer integrated feed network, resulting in four sets of 2 × 4 array antennas fabricated within a single printed circuit board (PCB). Since multiple RF channels must be ensured with minimal interference, high antenna-to-antenna, including Tx-to-Tx, Rx-to-Rx, and Tx-to-Rx port isolations in the proposed antenna are achieved by multi-layered feed network and four sets of T-shaped magnetic walls. To verify the performance of the proposed structure, a 2-Tx and 2-Rx antenna module was fabricated at 24 GHz. The fabricated antenna showed a measured maximum 10-dB impedance bandwidth of 3.9% with a maximum measured gain of 11.7 dBi, considering both Tx and Rx. Further, the measured channel-to-channel isolations were always better than 35.6 dB at 24 GHz.
Classification of Non-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury from Resting-State EEG Signal Using LSTM Network with ECOC-SVM
Authors: Lai Chi Qin , Ibrahim Haidi , Abd Hamid Aini Ismafairus , Abdullah Jafri Malin
Published: September 2020

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the common injuries when the human head receives an impact due to an accident or fall and is one of the most frequently submitted insurance claims. However, it is often always misused when individuals attempt an insurance fraud claim by providing false medical conditions. Therefore, there is a need for an instant brain condition classification system. This study presents a novel classification architecture that can classify non-severe TBI patients and healthy subjects employing resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) as the input, solving the immobility issue of the computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The proposed architecture makes use of long short term memory (LSTM) and error-correcting output coding support vector machine (ECOC-SVM) to perform multiclass classification. The pre-processed EEG time series are supplied to the network by each time step, where important information from the previous time step will be remembered by the LSTM cell. Activations from the LSTM cell is used to train an ECOC-SVM. The temporal advantages of the EEG were amplified and able to achieve a classification accuracy of 100%. The proposed method was compared to existing works in the literature, and it is shown that the proposed method is superior in terms of classification accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and precision.
Language Discordance in Mental Health Services: An Exploratory Survey of Mental Health Providers and Interpreters
Authors: Mirza Mansha , Harrison Elizabeth , Bentley Jacob , Chang Hui-Ching , Birman Dina
Published: September 2020

Global migration has contributed to greater language diversity in many parts of the world. Many migrants experience language barriers in their adopted countries. Language barriers hinder access to healthcare, including mental health. There exists little research on the extent of communication difficulties during language discordant mental health services. A cross-sectional observational study design was used to examine prevalence of communication challenges, use of communication best practices, and training needs among mental health providers and interpreters working with immigrants with Limited English Proficiency (LEP) in the United States. Using snowball sampling methods, 38 providers and 34 interpreters were recruited to complete online surveys. Challenges reported by interpreters pertained to technicalities of communication, while those reported by providers pertained to content of communication. Communication best practices such as pre-session briefings and post-session debriefings were used infrequently by providers in the sample. Providers with higher education levels were more likely to endorse some best practices. Fifty-four percent of the providers and 84% of the interpreters were interested in additional training in working with patients with LEP. Findings suggest the need for customized trainings for providers and interpreters to improve the quality of mental healthcare for patients with LEP.
Future Design as a Metacognitive Intervention for Presentism
Authors: Nakagawa Yoshinori , Saijo Tatsuyoshi
Published: September 2020

Many serious problems occur due to conflicts between the interests of the present generation and the welfare of future generations, and thus, the actions of the preset generation may be a consequence of presentism. Drawing on the theoretical framework of metacognition, the present study investigates how presentism can be overcome through future design interventions that incorporate an imaginary future generation setting. Four workshop participants were interviewed, and transcripts of the interviews were made. There were two major findings. First, we identified narratives in the responses of participants that suggest that metacognition was active during the workshops concerning the two cognitions governed by present and future selves. Second, the narratives identified above were classified into two categories, and the two corresponding roles of metacognition were identified: the monitoring and controlling function and the harmonizing function. The former is essential for the acquisition of identity as a future person; the latter is essential for reconciling this future identity with the identity of the person in the present. The present study proposes that future design is a tool that can be used to intervene in the metacognition of individuals concerning how one chooses a temporal reference point from which to view the past, present, and future of society rather than a tool to naively motivate individuals to care for future generations.
Fractional Hermite–Hadamard–Fejer Inequalities for a Convex Function with Respect to an Increasing Function Involving a Positive Weighted Symmetric Function
Authors: Mohammed Pshtiwan Othman , Abdeljawad Thabet , Kashuri Artion
Published: September 2020

There have been many different definitions of fractional calculus presented in the literature, especially in recent years. These definitions can be classified into groups with similar properties. An important direction of research has involved proving inequalities for fractional integrals of particular types of functions, such as Hermite–Hadamard–Fejer (HHF) inequalities and related results. Here we consider some HHF fractional integral inequalities and related results for a class of fractional operators (namely, the weighted fractional operators), which apply to function of convex type with respect to an increasing function involving a positive weighted symmetric function. We can conclude that all derived inequalities in our study generalize numerous well-known inequalities involving both classical and Riemann–Liouville fractional integral inequalities.
Cerebral Sulcal Asymmetry in Macaque Monkeys
Authors: Sawada Kazuhiko
Published: September 2020

The asymmetry of the cerebral sulcal morphology is particularly obvious in higher primates. The sulcal asymmetry in macaque monkeys, a genus of the Old World monkeys, in our previous studies and others is summarized, and its evolutionary significance is speculated. Cynomolgus macaques displayed fetal sulcation and gyration symmetrically, and the sulcal asymmetry appeared after adolescence. Population-level rightward asymmetry was revealed in the length of arcuate sulcus (ars) and the surface area of superior temporal sulcus (sts) in adult macaques. When compared to other nonhuman primates, the superior postcentral sulcus (spcs) was left-lateralized in chimpanzees, opposite of the direction of asymmetry in the ars, anatomically-identical to the spcs, in macaques. This may be associated with handedness: either right-handedness in chimpanzees or left-handedness/ambidexterity in macaques. The rightward asymmetry in the sts surface area was seen in macaques, and it was similar to humans. However, no left/right side differences were identified in the sts morphology among great apes, which suggests the evolutionary discontinuity of the sts asymmetry. The diversity of the cortical lateralization among primate species suggests that the sulcal asymmetry reflects the species-related specialization of the cortical morphology and function, which is facilitated by evolutionary expansion in higher primates.
What Should Health Departments Do with HIV Sequence Data?
Authors: Romero-Severson Ethan , Nasir Arshan , Leitner Thomas
Published: September 2020

Many countries and US states have mandatory statues that require reporting of HIV clinical data including genetic sequencing results to the public health departments. Because genetic sequencing is a part of routine care for HIV infected persons, health departments have extensive sequence collections spanning years and even decades of the HIV epidemic. How should these data be used (or not) in public health practice? This is a complex, multi-faceted question that weighs personal risks against public health benefit. The answer is neither straightforward nor universal. However, to make that judgement—of how genetic sequence data should be used in describing and combating the HIV epidemic—we need a clear image of what a phylogenetically enhanced HIV surveillance system can do and what benefit it might provide. In this paper, we present a positive case for how up-to-date analysis of HIV sequence databases managed by health departments can provide unique and actionable information of how HIV is spreading in local communities. We discuss this question broadly, with examples from the US, as it is globally relevant for all health authorities that collect HIV genetic data.
Convolutional Neural Network Based Approach to In Silico Non-Anticipating Prediction of Antigenic Distance for Influenza Virus
Authors: Forghani Majid , Khachay Michael
Published: September 2020

Evaluation of the antigenic similarity degree between the strains of the influenza virus is highly important for vaccine production. The conventional method used to measure such a degree is related to performing the immunological assays of hemagglutinin inhibition. Namely, the antigenic distance between two strains is calculated on the basis of HI assays. Usually, such distances are visualized by using some kind of antigenic cartography method. The known drawback of the HI assay is that it is rather time-consuming and expensive. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for antigenic distance approximation based on deep learning in the feature spaces induced by hemagglutinin protein sequences and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). To apply a CNN to compare the protein sequences, we utilize the encoding based on the physical and chemical characteristics of amino acids. By varying (hyper)parameters of the CNN architecture design, we find the most robust network. Further, we provide insight into the relationship between approximated antigenic distance and antigenicity by evaluating the network on the HI assay database for the H1N1 subtype. The results indicate that the best-trained network gives a high-precision approximation for the ground-truth antigenic distances, and can be used as a good exploratory tool in practical tasks.
Dendritic Cells and Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells Fully Responsive to Stimulation via Toll-Like Receptor 4 Are Rapidly Induced from Bone-Marrow Cells by Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
Authors: Kong Ying Ying , Wilson Kirsty , Apostolopoulos Vasso , Plebanski Magdalena
Published: September 2020

Dendritic cells (DCs) are commonly generated from bone marrow (BM) progenitor cells with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) alone or in combination with interleukin 4 (IL-4). These cells are often harvested post day 5, when they acquire maturation markers and can stimulate T cells. Apart from DCs, myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are also found within these cultures. However, little is known about the functional characteristics of DCs and MDSCs before day 5. Herein, using a murine model, it is shown that early DCs and MDSCs, even in cultures with GM-CSF alone, upregulate fully maturation and activation surface molecules in response to the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Despite initially displaying lower marker expression levels, these cells efficiently induced T cell stimulation and cytokine production. Interestingly, Gr-1int MDSCs increased their T cell co-stimulatory activity upon TLR4 stimulation. Additionally, early DCs and MDSCs exhibited differential endocytic capacity for viral sized nanoparticles and bacterial sized microparticles. DCs internalized both particle sizes, whilst MDSCs only internalized the larger microparticles, with reduced endocytic activity over time in the culture. These findings have unveiled an important role for the rapid initiation of productive immunity by GM-CSF, with promising implications for future vaccine and DC immunotherapy developments.
A Homogeneous Dataset for Rainfall Trend Analysis in the Calabria Region (Southern Italy)
Authors: Caloiero Tommaso , Filice Eugenio , Coscarelli Roberto , Pellicone Gaetano
Published: September 2020

In order to investigate the tendency in rainfall amount in Calabria (southern Italy), in this work, monthly rainfall series were first tested for homogeneity and then a trend analysis was performed. In particular, a homogenization approach based on the Climatol method was applied to homogenize monthly climatological series. Then, the Mann–Kendall non-parametric test and the Theil–Sen estimator were applied to evaluate the presence of trends and their significance in the monthly, seasonal and annual rainfall series. Moreover, the trend slopes were further evaluated with a linear regression analysis. At the annual scale, results evidenced a decreasing trend mainly in the north-eastern part of the region. At the seasonal scale, a spatial distributed negative trend in winter, and a positive trend in summer, mainly localized in the north-western part of the region, were identified. Finally, on a monthly scale negative trends spreading across the region were detected in January and December, with an opposite behavior in July and especially in September, when almost the entire region presented a positive trend.
Constructed Wetlands as Sustainable Technology for the Treatment and Reuse of the First-Flush Stormwater in Agriculture—A Case Study in Sicily (Italy)
Authors: Tuttolomondo Teresa , Virga Giuseppe , Licata Mario , Leto Claudio , La Bella Salvatore
Published: September 2020

This paper describes a case study that was carried out on a Sicilian company (Italy) dealing with separate waste collection and recycling of glass. The aims of this study were to evaluate the overall efficiency of a vertical subsurface flow system (VSSFs) constructed wetland (CW) operating for the treatment of first-flush stormwater and the effects of treated wastewater on the morphological and aesthetic characteristics of ornamental pepper and rosemary plants. The system had a total surface area of 46.80 m2 and was planted with common reed and giant reed. Wastewater samples were taken from October 2018 to July 2019 at the CW inlet and outlet for chemical-physical and microbiological characterization of the wastewater. Two separate experimental fields of rosemary and ornamental pepper were set up in another Sicilian location. Three sources of irrigation water, two accessions of rosemary and two varieties of ornamental pepper were tested in a split-plot design for a two-factor experiment. The results showed very high organic pollutant removal (BOD5 75–83%, COD 65–69%) and a good efficiency of nutrients (TN 60–66%) and trace metals (especially for Cu and Zn) removal. Escherichia coli concentration levels were always lower than 100 CFU 100 mL−1 during the test period. Irrigation water and plant habitus had significant effects on all the morphological and aesthetic characteristics of the plants. For both the crops, plants irrigated with freshwater and treated wastewater had greater growth and showed a better general appearance in comparison with plants irrigated with wastewater. The higher trace metal levels in the wastewater produced adverse effects on plant growth and reduced the visual quality of the plants. Our results suggest the suitability of a VSSFs constructed wetland for the treatment of first-flush stormwater and the reuse of treated wastewater for irrigation purposes, in accordance with legislation requirements concerning wastewater quality.
Uncertainty Evaluation in Hydrological Frequency Analysis Based on Confidence Interval and Prediction Interval
Authors: Shimizu Keita , Yamada Tadashi , Yamada Tomohito J.
Published: September 2020

The shortage of extreme rainfall data gives substantial uncertainty to design rainfalls and causes predictions for torrential rainfall to deviate strongly from adopted probability distributions used in river planning. These torrential rainfalls are treated as outliers which existing studies do not evaluate. However, probability limit method test which its acceptance region expresses with high accuracy the range where observed ith order statistics could realize. Confidence interval which quantifies uncertainty of adopted distributions can be constructed by assuming that these critical values in both sides of the adopted region follow the same function form applied to actual observed data. Furthermore, its validity is proved through comparison of confidence interval derived from ensemble downscaling calculations. In addition, these critical values are almost in accordance with outliers in samples from the ensemble downscaling calculations. Therefore, prediction interval which expresses the range that an unknown observed datum can take is constructed by extrapolating the critical values for limit estimation of a future datum. In this paper, quantification method of uncertainty of design rainfall and occurrence risk of outliers in the traditional framework, using the proposed confidence interval and prediction interval, is shown. Moreover, their application to future climate by using Bayesian statistics is explained.
Assessing Climate Change Effects on Water Balance in a Monsoon Watershed
Authors: Ashu Agbortoko Bate , Lee Sang-Il
Published: September 2020

Understanding the changes on future water resources resulting from climate variations will assist in developing effective management strategies for a river basin. Our area of interest is the Osan watershed in South Korea, where the summer monsoon contributes approximately 60–70% of the annual runoff and precipitation for the country. We determined the effects that future climatic changes have on this area. To accomplish this, we made use of global climate models (GCMs). A total of 10 GCMs were downscaled with the help of climate information production tools. Coupled with the GCMs and the Soil and Water Assessment (SWAT) model, three periods were used to assess these climate impacts. The baseline, mid-century (MC), and end-century (EC) periods include 1993–2018, 2046–2065, and 2081–2099, respectively. The entire process was performed using two scenarios (4.5 and 8.5) from the representative concentration pathways (RCPs). Some of the statistical metrics used for model calibration and validation were p-factor, r-factor, percent bias, root-mean-square error (RMSE), and Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency. Their respective values were 0.88, 0.88, 8.3, 0.91, and 0.91 for calibration, and 1.16, 0.85, 7.9, 0.88, and 0.87 for validation. For the MC and EC periods under both scenarios, we projected an increase in temperature and precipitation of approximately 2–5 °C and 15–30%, respectively. A predicted rise in precipitation, surface flow, lateral flow, and water yield were noted for the month of June. Subsequently, a decline in July followed during the summer monsoon season. Summer monsoon rains will fluctuate more sharply, with heavy rainfall in June, lower rainfall in July, and more rain in the late summer, leading to the possibility of both flooding and drought within a given period. Annual precipitation, surface flow, lateral flow, and water yield will increase whereas evapotranspiration would decrease in both periods under both scenarios during the summer monsoon period, which will lead to wetter conditions in the future.
The role of nutritional support in the provision of palliative care
Authors: Zarechnov N. , Kuznetsov A. , Seliverstova N.
Published: September 2020

The article is devoted to the problem of nutrition of patients receiving palliative care. The authors emphasize the importance of nutritional support for this group of patients and describe the experience of enteral and paraenteral nutrition.
An update on the effectiveness of metformin alone and with chemotherapy drugs on tumor cells
Authors: Al-Zahrani Norah Saeed , Ali Ehab M. M. , Kalantan Abdulaziz A. , Zamzami Mazin Abdulaziz
Published: September 2020

Cancer and diabetes are critical risks that reveal many complications. Metformin has long been used in herbal medicine as an anti-diabetes medicine. It is one of the first-line therapies for type two (T2D that has gained use across different healthcare systems. It is the most preferred form of treatment due to its safety, being readily available, and widely used because it has fewer and affordable side effects for many users. The repurposing of metformin used in other treatments to treat cancer patients or the combination of targeted treatments with metformin can reduce the side effects of chemotherapy drugs, enhance the effectiveness, and may reduce resistance to targeted drugs. The mechanism of metformin has been demonstrated and its association with other drugs. It Inhibits cell growth and stops the cell cycle, and stimulates programmed cell death and autophagy of various cancer cells. Patients with diabetes and different kinds of malignancies such as colorectal, hepatic, and ovarian cancers have better response rates after metformin treatment. A combination of metformin and new medications has had a significant effect on those who do not receive metformin. On the other hand, prevailing evidence has greatly proved the benefit of using metformin as an adjuvant agent in medical oncology practice.
Emilio Crenzel, La historia política del Nunca Más. La memoria de las desapariciones en la Argentina, Siglo XXI, Buenos Aires, 2008.
Authors: Cerio Débora
Published: September 2020

En esta investigación histórico-sociológica, Emilio Crenzel se propone comprender a qué se debe la enorme legitimidad social de la que goza el Nunca Más para evocar la desaparición de personas y la violencia política. Así, va más allá de esas constataciones para explicar por qué el texto alcanzó esa condición canónica, dilucidando procesos cuyo tono nos remite a la instancia de la política, entendida ésta como construcción que implica la puesta en acto de los intereses de actores diversos, que emergen en la medida en que logran imponerse en una confrontación.
Prácticas de sociabilidad en la modernización de Bayamo entre 1880-1930
Authors: Rodríguez López Dayami
Published: September 2020

La modernización, como proceso de transformaciones económicas, sociales y urbanas asociados al nacimiento del capitalismo, incluye una diversidad de factores entre ellos los de tipo social. Uno de ellos es la sociabilidad, la cual asume un lugar significativo en la transmisión y difusión de la modernidad en tanto deviene vehículo esencial para comprender las complejas urdimbres culturales entre los sujetos históricos en determinadas épocas y contextos históricos. A pesar de la importancia de los espacios de sociabilidad en la evolución de las ciudades y de la vida pública en Cuba, aún existen ausencias en las miradas historiográficas de las regiones y localidades del territorio insular. Entre esas localidades se encuentra Bayamo, segunda villa cubana fundada en 1513, ubicada en la región oriental de Cuba. Atendiendo a ello el presente texto se interesa por reconstruir una imagen de Bayamo desde una mirada a la evolución que experimentan algunos ámbitos de sociabilidad durante el período de los finales del siglo XIX y las tres primeras décadas del XX.
ACQUAINTING INVENTIVE MEDIA: E-INK TO TRIGGER STUDENTS’ CREATIVITY IN WRITING RECOUNT TEXTS
Authors: Tiasari Luky
Published: September 2020

One of the foreign languages used in Indonesian schools is English. Before teaching it to the students, teachers should know the characteristics of the students and how to teach them both in spoken and written forms appropriately. It is provided by students to minimize the breakdown of communication in their daily life. In this paper, I would like to propose inventive media: E-INK (Enjoy writing texts using colourful ink) for writing recount texts to the eighth graders of junior high school consisting of three ways: Idyll, Nest and Key. Plomp’s model of Research and Development (1997) was used to develop this product by conducting a preliminary study, development and expert judgements in the evaluation stage. Three results of this research revealed that a) All of the E-INKs’ tasks and activities were suitable for basic competence and the students’ need. b) The E-INK afforded songs to develop the students’ ideas in creating recount texts. c) The writing template offered save and edit models pertaining to the students’ interest.

 

Keywords: E-INK: Idyll, Nest and Key, Writing: recount texts
TAFSIR GENDER
Authors: Ramdhan Tri Wahyudi
Published: September 2020

Traditional Islamic thought in general provides limited role of women as wives and mothers. Based on the view of classical Islamic texts and literature are still seen that women are still marginalized, or in other words, women are still under the domination of men. Therefore, women need to construct a discourse or text at will. It is undeniable that the interpretation of the classical scholars on the concept of equality of men and women from the perspective of today may well be judged as biased. For interpretations of the past can not be released to the socio-historical context of the time. Departing from the problems mentioned above then this article would like to see and analyze how the concepts offered and presented Islam in view of gender equality between men and women starting from the concept of gender so that the concept of gender bias by sex.Selanjutnyan followed by a discussion of the word gender mufrodat in the Qur'an and concludes with the interpretation of the discourse of gender equality. Dalama This commentary will set forth the extent where the equality between men and women
STUDI FENOMENOLOGIS DINAMIKA PSIKOLOGIS SANTRI PEMBELAJAR
Authors: Saifullah Saifullah , Mughni Abd
Published: September 2020

This study was qualitative-phenomenological approach aimed to identifying and understanding more deeply about the self-regulated learning of islamic boarding school students. The subjects of this study consist of 3 islamic students were lived in boarding scool. The results indicated that the three subjects conducted self-regulation in learning through regulating the metacognition, motivation, behavior, help seeking in order toÂ  achieve certain learning objectives. Self-regulated learning performed by the subjects was influenced by specific precipitating situations and the social support that given to them.
PRAKTEK BPJS KESEHATAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIâ€™AH
Authors: Lutfi Lutfi
Published: September 2020

Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) issued a religious advice (fatwa)that theÂ Social Security AdministratorÂ Board (BPJS) Healthcare is not appropriate with sharia law. Thatreligious advice (fatwa) was issued through decisionfrom taken conjunction (ijtimaâ€™) by religious advice (fatwa) commissions of Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) at at-Tauhidiyah boarding school Cikura, Bojong, Tegal, Central Java, in the middle past of 2015.Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) alleged thattheÂ Social Security AdministratorÂ Board (BPJS) Healthcarewhich started since the beginning of 2014 until today, in practice containing elements of gambling (maisir), deception (gharar), and usury (riba).Related to that problem, the author wanted to know the standing of problem of theÂ Social Security AdministratorÂ Board (BPJS) Healthcare in proportion in a case study at theÂ Social Security AdministratorÂ Board (BPJS) Healthcare in Jember regency, which dynamic and religious views. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine the practice of theÂ Social Security AdministratorÂ Board (BPJS) Healthcare in Jember regency and to determine whether the existing mechanism in these institution is in conformity with the legal provisions of sharia economy or not.This study is qualitative research. The data collection methods that used are observation, interviews and documentation.The data obtained and analyzed using descriptive method.The validity of the data using perseverance techniqueor constancy observation.Based on the research that has been done, the result of this study are: 1) Practice oftheÂ Social Security AdministratorÂ Board (BPJS) Healthcare in serving members was in accordance to the provision of the National Social Security System (SJSN) Act NumberÂ 40 in 2004 and Social Security AdministratorÂ Board (BPJS) Act Number 24 in 2011 and some related regulations, such as a Presidential Regulation (Perpres); 2). According to the law of sharia economic perspective in the practice of that institution, there are several matters that appropriate to thesharia provisions, such as the mechanisms of participation and healthcare insurance. While in the aspects of the payment and fund management are not appropriate to the sharia provisions. There are extant elementsof gambling (maisir), deception (gharar), and usury (riba) in theÂ Social Security AdministratorÂ Board (BPJS) Healthcare in Jember regency
INTERNALISASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DI SEKOLAH
Authors: Arfandi Arfandi , Shaleh Munif
Published: September 2020

Integrating character education in learning involvesome points. As we know that recognition pointis the essence of education that is the recognition of the human dignity of every individual human being. Furtherconsciousness point is important that teacher to be a good educator who is loved by students, and then internalization point that intended to studentâ€™s behavior by teaching everyday in the learning process at school, mainly by teaching directly in the class on all of subject lessons. It has been mandated by UU SISDIKNAS 2003 that education is not only toforming the intelligent ofpeoples in Indonesia, but also got thepersonality or character.Education that has a purpose to forming smartand strong character peoples has been in resolution by Martin Luther King,â€intelligence plus character, that is goal of true education â€.
MENUMBUHKAN MINAT BACA SEJAK DINI DI TAMAN BACA MASYARAKAT
Authors: Taulabi Imam , Imron Ali , Khoiruddin M. Arif
Published: September 2020

Reading park society can be used as an idea to foster interest to read. Reading is the capital key in progressing a nation, therefore, interest to read must be grownÂ  from an early age. Reading park society is an ideal place as an idea to play, learning and development of reading interest. Therefore, the introduction of reading park society to children from an early age discourse that presents books to children is one way to foster interest in reading for children. By growth habit of reading can boost the quality life-style, creativity, independence, struggle effort, and competitiveness next time. That reading park society can be a media promote interest to read for early childhood to do several activities, namely: activities cooking contest, a bazaar of books and used clothing, drawing, coloring contest, reading stories and storytelling, training reading stories and storytelling for parents. Besides, there are series of structuring reading park society for example, the addition of facilities and infrastructure, adding books to children, reading management of park management system, organizing Reading Park, design of room. Stepsis Â undertaken to encourage children and parents to come to the park for reading, with their coming in the park to read, they know thatÂ  many sources of interesting reading, with their interest in books and other reading materials are expected to encourage children to love reading.
SEJARAH PEMIKIRAN HUKUM AHMAD BIN HANBAL
Authors: Khatimah Husnul
Published: September 2020

Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal is the fourth Imam of the fuqoha 'Islam. Descendants of Ahmad bin Hanbal met with the descendants of Rasulullah SAW on Mazin bin Mu'ad bin 'Adnan. Ahmad bin Hanbal was born in Baghdad Rabiul Awwal 164 H / 780 AD He is a figure of a character who has noble character, high character, simple, populist and has high Islamic commitment. His love of hadith and allegiance to Prophet Muhammad SAW to be paid with physical and non-physical sacrifices is an added value to be respected. In addition to hadith and fiqh experts, he is a productive scientist, it is seen from some of his works that we can still find today. His famous book is Musnad, which is one of the most important and valuable heritages for formulation of contemporary thought and problem solving. Book of Musnad is also one of the most widely read references to date. Method of writing this book is based on names of companions of the Prophet who narrated the hadith. To Consider the Qur'an as a source of Islamic law, Ahmad ibn Hanbal argues that the Qur'an is a fundamental source of Islam, followed by sunnah, but according to him as Sunnah has a position that is equally strong in addition to the Qur'an. In interpretation of Qur'anic verse, Imam Ahmad really attaches importance to interpretation that comes from sunnah.