bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainability data distortions: the use of visual impression management techniques in corporate sustainability reporting
Authors: Šimunović Denis , Murtarelli Grazia , Romenti Stefania
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to conduct a comprehensive investigation into the utilization of visual impression management techniques within sustainability reporting. Specifically, the study aims to determine whether Italian companies employ impression management tactics in the presentation of graphs within their sustainability reports and, thus, problematize visual data communication in corporate social responsibility (CSR).

Design/methodology/approach

The research adopts a multimodal content analysis of the 58 sustainability reports from Italian listed companies that are GRI-compliant. The analysis focused on three types of graphs: pie charts, line graphs and bar graphs. In total, 860 graphs have been examined.

Findings

The study found evidence of graphical distortion techniques being employed by companies in their sustainability reports to create a favorable impression. Specifically, graph distortions are found in column graphs and not in line or pie charts. In particular, selectivity, presentation enhancement and measurement distortion techniques seem to be extensively used when adopting column graphs in sustainability communication. Moreover, social sustainability–related topics tend to be more represented of other area of CSR reporting. This suggests that companies, whether consciously or unconsciously, engage in impression management techniques when using graphs in their sustainability reports.

Social implications

The study findings suggest that more consciousness is needed for companies when engaging in the construction and selection of graphs in their sustainability reports and that decision-makers should develop a clear guide for ethical visual communication.

Originality/value

The paper systematically analyzes visual impression management techniques in communicating sustainability data and, in particular, advances literature on graphical distortion. The value lies in empirical evidence of distortion adoption in GRI-compliant reports as well as problematizing visual data communication as a fundamental challenge for sustainability communication management.
The interplay between economic policy uncertainty and corporate bond yield in emerging Asian markets
Authors: Kumar Mohit , Prasanna P. Krishna
Published: January 2024

Purpose

To investigate the role of domestic and foreign economic policy uncertainty (EPU) in driving the corporate bond yields in emerging markets.

Design/methodology/approach

The study utilizes monthly data from January 2008 to June 2023 from the selected emerging economies. The data analysis is conducted using univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistical techniques. The study includes bond market liquidity and global volatility (VIX) as control variables.

Findings

Domestic EPU has a significant role in driving corporate bond yields in these markets. The study finds weak evidence to support the role of the USA EPU in influencing corporate bond yields in emerging economies. Domestic EPU holds more weight and influence than the EPU originating from the United States of America.

Research limitations/implications

The findings provide useful insights to policymakers about the potential impact of policy uncertainty on corporate bond yields and enable them to make informed decisions regarding economic policies that maintains financial stability. Understanding the relationship between EPU and corporate bond yields enables investors to optimize their investment decisions in emerging market economies, opens the scope for further research on the interaction between EPU and volatility and other attributes of fixed income markets.

Originality/value

Focuses specifically on the emerging market economies in Asia, providing an in-depth analysis of the dynamics and challenges faced by these countries, Explores the influence of both domestic and the USA EPU on corporate bond yields in emerging markets, offering valuable insights into the transmission channels and impact of EPU from various sources.
Learning under lockdown: sensing, feeling and learning to work from home
Authors: Waters-Lynch Julian , Duff Cameron
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to reflect on and analyse the sensory experiences related to the transition to remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research seeks to understand how these experiences have influenced the integration of work practices into home and family life and the subsequent adaptations and embodied learning that arise in response.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors' research approach incorporates autoethnographic methods to explore the sensory, affective and emotional experiences of transitioning to remote work. The authors draw on principles of embodied learning, as influenced by Gilles Deleuze, and utilise a range of ethnographic tools including note-taking, audio memos, photography, shared conversations and written reflections to gather their data.

Findings

The study illuminates the ways bodies learn to accommodate the new organisational contexts that arise when the spaces, affects and forces of home and work intersect. It demonstrates how the integration of work into the private domain resulted in new affective and material arrangements, involving novel sensory experiences and substantial embodied learning.

Originality/value

This study provides a distinct, sensory-oriented perspective on the challenges and transformations of remote work practices amid the pandemic. By focussing on the affective resonances and embodied learning that emerge in this context, it contributes to the emerging discourse around post-lockdown work practices and remote work in general.
Gender-responsive budgeting implementation challenges: evidence from South Korea
Authors: Martínez Guzmán Juan Pablo
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to further the understanding of how to implement gender-responsive budgeting (GRB) systems. The author explores whether GRB reforms might benefit from integration into a performance-oriented budgetary structure and whether GRB's equity orientation is linked to additional implementation challenges.

Design/methodology/approach

This research follows a qualitative case study of South Korea guided by a predetermined research framework and built from extensive documentation, archival records and expert interviews.

Findings

GRB’s integration into a performance framework can be burdensome, and the equity orientation of GRB results in additional implementation challenges, such as higher vulnerability to the political context and active resistance from public officials.

Originality/value

This research shows that integrating GRB with performance systems may require overcoming significant administrative obstacles. Also, GRB’s equity orientation is linked to a higher vulnerability to the political cycle and active resistance from civil servants.
Breaking the cycle of inertia in food supply chains: a systems thinking approach for innovation and sustainability
Authors: Alem Fonseca Mariel , Tsolakis Naoum , Kittipanya-Ngam Pichawadee
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Amidst compounding crises and increasing global population’s nutritional needs, food supply chains are called to address the “diet–environment–health” trilemma in a sustainable and resilient manner. However, food system stakeholders are reluctant to act upon established protein sources such as meat to avoid potential public and industry-driven repercussions. To this effect, this study aims to understand the meat supply chain (SC) through systems thinking and propose innovative interventions to break this “cycle of inertia”.

Design/methodology/approach

This research uses an interdisciplinary approach to investigate the meat supply network system. Data was gathered through a critical literature synthesis, domain-expert interviews and a focus group engagement to understand the system’s underlying structure and inspire innovative interventions for sustainability.

Findings

The analysis revealed that six main sub-systems dictate the “cycle of inertia” in the meat food SC system, namely: (i) cultural, (ii) social, (iii) institutional, (iv) economic, (v) value chain and (vi) environmental. The Internet of Things and innovative strategies help promote sustainability and resilience across all the sub-systems.

Research limitations/implications

The study findings demystify the structure of the meat food SC system and unveil the root causes of the “cycle of inertia” to suggest pertinent, innovative intervention strategies.

Originality/value

This research contributes to the SC management field by capitalising on interdisciplinary scientific evidence to address a food system challenge with significant socioeconomic and environmental implications.
Clinical and longitudinal patterns of frequent presenters to emergency departments: A multi‐centre data linkage analysis
Authors: Stanford Dorota , Dinh Michael M , Eastwood John G , Korczak Viola , Seimon Radhika V , Moore Corey , Liu Hueiming , Bein Kendall J
Published: January 2024

Objective

To describe clinical characteristics and longitudinal patterns of representation in a cohort of patients who frequently present to EDs for care.

Methods

A retrospective data analysis linking routinely collected ED data across three hospitals. The study population consisted of patients who presented to any ED on 10 or more occasions in any continuous 365‐day period from 1 July 2015 to 30 June 2021. Presenting complaints were divided into those with any mental health, drug and alcohol, or social presentations (MHDAS group) and those without (non‐MHDAS group). Outcomes of interest were number of presentations as well as temporal and facility clustering of presentations. A per patient regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for increased presentations.

Results

Presentations by 1640 frequent ED presenters in the study constituted 4.6% of total ED presentations. MHDAS study group were younger, predominantly English speaking, twice as likely to be married, had lower hospital admission rates and almost three times as many of them did not wait for treatment. Statistically significant differences were also found between these groups regarding presentation clustering, facility entropy, each of the four categories of the number of ED presentations, and Index of Relative Socio‐Economic Advantage and Disadvantage.

Conclusion

Representations associated with MHDAS have a different trajectory of representation episodes compared to non‐MHDAS group. Escalating number of presentations and clustering are important predictors of future representation numbers. Those ‘did not waits’ who appear to be representing would be the highest risk of ongoing and persistent representations in the future and should be the target of early interventions to ensure they are accessing appropriate care before this happens.
Correlation between bradykinin concentration and blood pressure during Rheocarna therapy: A single‐center case series
Authors: Handa Takaya , Fujii Masaki , Ando Masumi , Masuda Mayumi , Sokai Yuko , Tsuji Yoshiki , Fukuda Yui , Ohue Kaoru , Higashi Yoshiaki , Mori Keita P. , Endo Tomomi , Tsukamoto Tatsuo
Published: January 2024

Introduction

A novel LDL (low‐density lipoprotein) apheresis therapeutic option, Rheocarna, has garnered attention as an alternative therapy for chronic limb‐threating ischemia (CLTI). Bradykinin‐mediated vasodilation is involved in the effects of LDL apheresis and a decrease in blood pressure (BP), but the changes in bradykinin concentration during Rheocarna therapy are unknown.

Methods

The study involved patients with CLTI treated with Rheocarna at our hospital, from April 2022 to August 2023.

Results

After Rheocarna therapy, skin ulcers improved in 80% of the patients. Circuit coagulation was observed in two patients with high fibrinogen levels. A decrease in BP was observed at approximately the same time when the bradykinin concentration peaked. The peak bradykinin concentration in a patient undergoing hemodialysis at the same time was considerably lower than that in the other patients.

Conclusion

This is the first report on the changes in bradykinin concentration under Rheocarna therapy.
Rapid determination of 61 acid dyes in chili paste, hotpot seasoning, and bearnaise using double liquid–liquid extraction and UHPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap‐MS
Authors: Li Shuang , Chen Shubing , Meng Yanan , Zhang Shun , Cai Ting
Published: January 2024

The aims of this study were to establish a novel method for simultaneously determining 61 acid dyes in chili, hotpot seasoning, and bearnaise sauce using double liquid–liquid extraction (d‐LLE) technology. A mixture of water, methanol, and dichloromethane (1:3:1, v/v/v) was used as the extraction solution, which was actively separated into aqueous and organic phases at a fixed ratio. The clean‐up step was initially completed by discarding the organic phase layer, which contained abundant lipophilic compounds. Subsequently, the aqueous phase was further separated by salting out, which effectively removed interference from the highly hydrophilic compounds. As a result of these two purification steps, the matrix suppression effect was significantly reduced by a minimum of 16.9%.

Finally, the extract was analyzed using an ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometer (UHPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap‐MS), and the characteristic ion fragments (SO3−, m/z 79.9557) of the acid dyes were utilized for the preliminary qualitative analysis. The results showed that the 61 acid dyes showed a good linear relationship in the range of 0.01–0.2 µg/mL, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.01 mg/kg. The average recoveries were 74.3%–99.7%, with relative standard deviations (RSD) ≤10%. The proposed method can rapidly identify and quantify acid dyes in complex foods at a low cost, with high sensitivity and reliability.
Real‐world outcome of crizotinib for anaplastic lymphoma kinase‐positive lung cancer: Multicenter retrospective analysis in South Korea
Authors: Jeon Da Som , Park Cheol‐kyu , Kim Seung Joon , Park Chan Kwon , Chang Yoon Soo , Jung Chi Young , Lee Sung Yong , Lee Shin‐Yup , Ryu Jeong‐Seon , Lee Jeong Eun , Lee Kye Young , Jang Tae Won , Jang Seung Hun , Yoon Seong Hoon , Lee Sang Hoon , Choi Chang‐min , Kim Hyeong Ryul , Kim Yeon Joo
Published: January 2024

Background

About 3%–5% of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) presents positive anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). Recently, several target agents have been approved as a treatment for ALK‐positive NSCLC. This study aimed to analyze the real‐world efficacy and outcome when administered crizotinib, the first approved target agent for ALK‐positive NSCLC, according to first‐ or late‐line treatment.

Methods

A total of 290 patients with ALK‐positive advanced NSCLC who were treated with crizotinib in 15 institutions in South Korea from January 2009 to December 2018 were enrolled.

Results

The median age of patients was 57.0 years, and 50.3% were male. The median follow‐up duration was 29.3 months. Among them, 113 patients received crizotinib as first‐line therapy. The objective response rate (ORR) was 60.1% (57.0% for first‐line recipients, 61.8% for second−/later‐line). Median (95% CI) progression‐free survival (PFS) was 13.7 (11.6–17.0) months. For first‐line recipients, overall survival (OS) was 26.3 (17.6–35.0) months. No significant difference in ORR, PFS and OS, according to the setting of crizotinib initiation, was observed. In a multivariate Cox regression analysis, old age, male gender, initially metastatic, and number of metastatic organs were associated with poor PFS and OS. The most common adverse events were nausea and vomiting, and severe adverse event leading to dose adjustment was hepatotoxicity.

Conclusions

ORR, PFS, OS, and adverse event profiles were comparable to previous clinical trials. Our findings could aid in the efficient management of ALK‐positive lung cancer patients.
Restricting alcohol marketing to reduce alcohol consumption: A systematic review of the empirical evidence for one of the ‘best buys’
Authors: Manthey Jakob , Jacobsen Britta , Klinger Sinja , Schulte Bernd , Rehm Jürgen
Published: January 2024

Background and Aims

Even though a ban of alcohol marketing has been declared a ‘best buy’ of alcohol control policy, comprehensive systematic reviews on its effectiveness to reduce consumption are lacking. The aim of this paper was to systematically review the evidence for effects of total and partial bans of alcohol marketing on alcohol consumption.

Methods

This descriptive systematic review sought to include all empirical studies that explored how changes in the regulation of alcohol marketing impact on alcohol consumption. The search was conducted between October and December 2022 considering various scientific databases (Web of Science, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Embase) as well as Google and Google Scholar. The titles and abstracts of a total of 2572 records were screened. Of the 26 studies included in the full text screening, 11 studies were finally included in this review. Changes in consumption in relation to marketing bans were determined based on significance testing in primary studies. Four risk of bias domains (confounding, selection bias, information bias and reporting bias) were assessed.

Results

Seven studies examined changes in marketing restrictions in one location (New Zealand, Thailand, Canadian provinces, Spain, Norway). In the remaining studies, between 17 and 45 locations were studied (mostly high‐income countries from Europe and North America). Of the 11 studies identified, six studies reported null findings. Studies reporting lower alcohol consumption following marketing restrictions were of moderate, serious and critical risk of bias. Two studies with low and moderate risk of bias found increasing alcohol consumption post marketing bans. Overall, there was insufficient evidence to conclude that alcohol marketing bans reduce alcohol consumption.

Conclusions

The available empirical evidence does not support the claim of alcohol marketing bans constituting a best buy for reducing alcohol consumption.
Independent sector and peri‐operative cardiac arrest as reported to the 7th National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists
Authors: Cook T. M. , Kane A. D. , Bouch C. , Armstrong R. A. , Kursumovic E. , Soar J.
Published: January 2024

The 7th National Audit Project (NAP7) of the Royal College of Anaesthetists studied peri‐operative cardiac arrest including those that occurred in the independent healthcare sector, which provides around 1 in 6 NHS‐funded care episodes. In total, 174 (39%) of 442 independent hospitals contacted agreed to participate. A survey examining provider preparedness for cardiac arrest had a response rate of 23 (13%), preventing useful analysis. An activity survey with 1912 responses (from a maximum of 45% of participating hospitals) showed that, compared with the NHS caseload, the independent sector caseload was less comorbid, with fewer patients at the extremes of age or who were severely obese, and with a large proportion of elective orthopaedic surgery undertaken during weekday working hours. The survey suggested suboptimal compliance rates with monitoring recommendations. Seventeen reports of independent sector peri‐operative cardiac arrest comprised 2% of NAP7 reports and underreporting is likely. These patients were lower risk than NHS cases, reflecting the sector's case mix, but included cases of haemorrhage, anaphylaxis, cardiac arrhythmia and pulmonary embolus. Good and poor quality care were seen, the latter including delayed recognition and treatment of patient deterioration, and poor care delivery. Independent sector outcomes were similar to those in the NHS, though due to the case mix, improved outcomes might be anticipated. Assessment of quality of care was less often favourable for independent sector reports than NHS reports, though assessments were often uncertain, reflecting poor quality reports. Overall, NAP7 is unable to determine whether peri‐operative care relating to cardiac arrest is more, equally or less safe than in the NHS.
The Finnish current care guideline for open‐angle glaucoma
Authors: Leinonen Sanna , Harju Mika , Hagman Juha , Honkamo Marja , Marttila Liisa , Määttä Marko , Saarela Villa , Vaajanen Anu , Vesti Eija , Komulainen Jorma
Published: January 2024

This article is an English translation of the 4th Finnish Current Care Guideline for diagnostics, treatment and follow‐up of primary open‐angle glaucoma, normal‐tension glaucoma and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma. This guideline is based on systematic literature reviews and expert opinions with Finland's geographical and operational healthcare environment in mind.
Duke Activity Status Index and Liver Frailty Index predict mortality in ambulatory patients with advanced chronic liver disease: A prospective, observational study
Authors: Williams Felicity R. , Quinlan Jonathan , Freer Alice , Morrison Breanna , Sitch Alice , Hockey Florence , Klas Natasza , Towey Jennifer , Perera Thamara P. R. , Rajoriya Neil , Lord Janet M. , Armstrong Matthew J.
Published: January 2024

Background

There remains a lack of consensus on how to assess functional exercise capacity and physical frailty in patients with advanced chronic liver disease (CLD) being assessed for liver transplantation (LT). Aim To investigate prospectively the utility of the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) and Liver Frailty Index (LFI) in ambulatory patients with CLD.

Aim

To investigate prospectively the utility of the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) and Liver Frailty Index (LFI) in ambulatory patients with CLD.

Methods

We recruited patients from outpatient clinics at University Hospitals Birmingham, UK (2018–2019). We prospectively collated the DASI and LFI to identify the prevalence of, respectively, functional capacity and physical frailty, and to evaluate their accuracy in predicting overall and pre‐LT mortality.

Results

We studied 307 patients (57% male; median age 54 years; UKELD 52). Median DASI score was 28.7 (IQR 16.2–50.2), mean LFI was 3.82 (SD = 0.72), and 81% were defined either ‘pre‐frail’ or ‘frail’. Female sex and hyponatraemia were significant independent predictors of both DASI and LFI. Age and encephalopathy were significant independent predictors of LFI, while BMI significantly predicted DASI. DASI and LFI were significantly related to overall (HR 0.97, p = 0.001 [DASI], HR 2.04, p = 0.001 [LFI]) and pre‐LT mortality (HR 0.96, p = 0.02 [DASI], HR 1.94, p = 0.04 [LFI]).

Conclusions

Poor functional exercise capacity and physical frailty are highly prevalent among ambulatory patients with CLD who are being assessed for LT. The DASI and LFI are simple, low‐cost tools that predict overall and pre‐LT mortality. Implementation of both should be considered in all outpatients with CLD to highlight those who may benefit from targeted nutritional and exercise interventions.
The partisan pandemic: Applying the reasoned action approach to understand the effects of politicizing a public health crisis
Authors: Yao Shay Xuejing , Carnahan Dustin , Rhodes Nancy
Published: January 2024

It is well‐established that news outlets cater to audiences with particular political leanings and present news about important events, such as disease outbreaks, differently. However, the mechanisms through which selected media exposure influences behavior are not well established. Two surveys examined the roles of attitudes and social norms as pathways through which political predispositions (political ideology, partisanship) and news media choices influence health behavior decisions. Using early Covid‐19 as a case study, both studies (a student sample [n = 315]; an adult sample [n = 518]) found liberal news viewing was related to positive attitudes and norms about health prevention and subsequently more enacted preventive behaviors among liberals but not conservatives. Interestingly, watching conservative news outlets was not associated with attitudes and norms about health prevention, nor was it related to behavior. Partisanship, but not political ideology, directly predicted participants’ preventive behavior. These findings suggest that party identification serves as a heuristic for conservatives’ and Republicans’ attitudes and behavior, which are not influenced by news media choice. Partisan differences in media preferences influenced the adoption of preventive behavior via the reasoned action pathways for Democrats but not Republicans, suggesting distinct messaging strategies for health communication based on political leaning.
Busulfan, melphalan and carfilzomib high‐dose chemotherapy and autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma
Authors: Hagen Patrick , Norton Joseph , Tsai Stephanie , Campo Loredana , Lee Mary , Gomez Kayeromi , Stiff Patrick
Published: January 2024

The standard of care for fit, newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients includes induction therapy followed by consolidative high‐dose chemotherapy with melphalan and autologous stem cell transplant (AHSCT). Intensified preparative regimens, such as busulfan and melphalan (BuMel), have shown promise to lengthen progression‐free survival (PFS). We previously reported that the addition of bortezomib to BuMel improved PFS compared to melphalan alone in CIBMTR‐matched controls. We now integrate the second‐generation protease inhibitor, carfilzomib, before and after BuMel (BuMelCar) in a phase I/II trial with carfilzomib. Patients with NDMM, relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM) and those failing prior AHSCT were eligible. Primary end‐points were safety and tolerability. Secondary end‐points included minimal residual disease negativity rates, PFS and OS. The study enrolled 19 patients. 73% were high risk either due to R‐ISS III status, adverse genetics or relapsed after prior AHSCT. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of carfilzomib was determined to be 36 mg/m2. Noted grade 3 toxicities were febrile neutropenia (79%), mucositis (21%) and diarrhoea (16%). The 2‐year PFS for the whole cohort and MTD was 89% and 100% respectively. 80% of all patients and 82% of patients in the MTD cohort achieved MRD negativity. Further studies regarding this regimen are planned.
Synthesis of Photography, Art and Neuropsychological Concepts Within Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy: An Illustrated Case Study
Authors: Wolf Robert Irwin
Published: January 2024

The integration of non‐verbal, creative/implicit processes into ongoing psychoanalytic treatment as a highly effective modality to process trauma, also understood as Mentalization as a core element in the correction of pathological thinking caused by trauma (Allen et al., 2008. Mentalizing in clinical practice. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publication) will be presented. This clinical approach is designed to gain access to deeper unconscious, implicit, pre‐verbal memories and material that may have been otherwise inaccessible for clinical processing on a purely verbal level. The author will offer an ongoing case study of a client who was initially resistant to direct verbal processing of traumatic memories. He will then demonstrate how the communication of implicit stimuli, in the form of photographs and drawings, can be structured as the primary initial communication of non‐verbal material within this treatment. Images were presented by the patient at the beginning of each virtual session, allowed her to access traumatic material without triggering overwhelming anxiety allowing adequate affect regulation and enabling successful clinical processing of this previously inaccessible material. The author offers, from both a neurological and psychoanalytic perspective, demonstrations of clinical processing and intervention techniques that have, up until now, been utilized within the clinical fields of creative art therapy and psychoanalysis on an intuitive level without having a firmer foundation in demonstrable neuroscience. It is the intended purpose of this article to bridge this gap between previous intuitive interventions and neuroscientific research, within our clinical work.
Specific regulation of epigenome landscape by metabolic enzymes and metabolites
Authors: Yu Xilan , Li Shanshan
Published: January 2024

Metabolism includes anabolism and catabolism, which play an essential role in many biological processes. Chromatin modifications are post‐translational modifications of histones and nucleic acids that play important roles in regulating chromatin‐associated processes such as gene transcription. There is a tight connection between metabolism and chromatin modifications. Many metabolic enzymes and metabolites coordinate cellular activities with alterations in nutrient availability by regulating gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modifications. The dysregulation of gene expression by metabolism and epigenetic modifications may lead to diseases such as diabetes and cancer. Recent studies reveal that metabolic enzymes and metabolites specifically regulate chromatin modifications, including modification types, modification residues and chromatin regions. This specific regulation has been implicated in the development of human diseases, yet the underlying mechanisms are only beginning to be uncovered. In this review, we summarise recent studies of the molecular mechanisms underlying the metabolic regulation of histone and DNA modifications and discuss how they contribute to pathogenesis. We also describe recent developments in technologies used to address the key questions in this field. We hope this will inspire further in‐depth investigations of the specific regulatory mechanisms involved, and most importantly will shed lights on the development of more effective disease therapies.
Goal orientation and business model innovation in dynamic environments: Evidence from the creative industries
Authors: Micheli Maria Rita , Jansen Justin J.P.
Published: January 2024

Even though business model innovation (BMI) is crucial to enhance competitive advantage, our understanding about how organizations innovate their business model when pursuing contrasting goals is rather underdeveloped. To address this issue, we explore how and why managers' learning and performance orientations affect BMI. Using a survey among managers at companies within the creative industries, such as design, architecture and gaming, we find a positive relationship between learning orientation and BMI, while a performance orientation does not affect the ability to innovate the business model. We also explain that learning orientation has a stronger effect in dynamic environments. Our study contributes to research on business model, exploring the antecedents of BMI and showing how companies can enhance innovation, while navigating contrasting goals. We also contribute to goal orientation research, showing the consequences of different orientations for companies embracing the complexities of BMI.
Designer's attitude: The forms of designer's interactions with customers in the design‐led innovation process
Authors: Park Jaehyun , Lee Seoyoun , Chang Younghoon , Han Hyo‐Joo
Published: January 2024

This study explores the designer's attitude, illustrating the forms of the designer's interactions with customers in the design‐led innovation. While the innovator's dilemma has become a crucial factor within cross‐functional teams, a similarly challenging issue arises when attempting to integrate customers into design‐led innovation. A proposed model based on Bourdieu's theory of practice was developed to address this issue. This model was employed to conduct qualitative interviews with 35 designers, allowing for the collection of 59 narratives pertaining to systems and service innovation projects. By the analysis of the collected data, using a grounded theory approach, as a result, seven designer's attitudes are elucidated. Based on this, implications and conclusions are discussed.
The voice and swallowing profile of adults with laryngotracheal stenosis before and after reconstructive surgery: A prospective, descriptive observational study
Authors: Clunie Gemma M. , Roe Justin W. G. , Al‐Yaghchi Chadwan , Alexander Caroline M. , McGregor Alison , Sandhu Gurpreet
Published: January 2024

Objectives

Airway reconstruction for laryngo tracheal stenosis (LTS) improves dyspnoea. There is little evidence relating to impact upon voice and swallowing. We explored voice and swallowing outcomes in adults with LTS before and after reconstructive surgery.

Design

Outcome measures were collected pre‐reconstructive surgery, two‐weeks post‐surgery and up to 4‐6 months post‐surgery.

Setting

Tertiary referral centre.

Participants

With ethical approval, twenty consecutive adult (≥18 years) LTS patients undergoing airway reconstruction were prospectively recruited.

Main outcome measures

These included physiological values (maximum phonation time (MPT) and fundamental frequency; penetration aspiration score, residue score), clinician‐reported (GRBAS, functional oral intake score, 100ml Water Swallow Test) and patient‐reported outcomes (Voice Handicap Index‐10, Reflux Symptoms Index, Eating Assessment Tool, Dysphagia Handicap Index).

Results

The observational study identified patient‐reported and clinician‐reported voice and swallow difficulties pre‐ and post‐surgery; median and interquartile range are reported at each time point: Voice Handicap Index‐10 23 (8‐31); 20.5 (9‐33.5), 24.5 (12.5‐29); Dysphagia Handicap Index 9 (0‐37); 13 (7‐44); 15 (4‐34); GRBAS grade 1(1‐2); 2 (1‐2.5); 2(1‐2); 100ml Water Swallow Test volume score 16.7 (11.1‐20); 14.3 (12.5‐16.7); 16.7 (14.3‐20.0); 100ml Water Swallow Test capacity score 16.3 ± 9.0; 11.0 ± 4.1; 12.5 ± 2.6.

Conclusions

We present the first prospective data on voice and swallowing outcomes in adults with LTS before and after reconstructive surgery. The variability of the outcomes was higher than expected but importantly, for many the voice and swallow outcomes were not within normal limits before surgery. The clinical value of the study demonstrates the need for individual assessment and management of LTS patients’ voice and swallowing.
HyperED: A hierarchy‐aware network based on hyperbolic geometry for event detection
Authors: Zhang Meng , Xie Zhiwen , Liu Jin , Liu Xiao , Yu Xiao , Huang Bo
Published: January 2024

Event detection plays an essential role in the task of event extraction. It aims at identifying event trigger words in a sentence and classifying event types. Generally, multiple event types are usually well‐organized with a hierarchical structure in real‐world scenarios, and hierarchical correlations between event types can be used to enhance event detection performance. However, such kind of hierarchical information has received insufficient attention which can lead to misclassification between multiple event types. In addition, the most existing methods perform event detection in Euclidean space, which cannot adequately represent hierarchical relationships. To address these issues, we propose a novel event detection network HyperED which embeds the event context and types in Poincaré ball of hyperbolic geometry to help learn hierarchical features between events. Specifically, for the event detection context, we first leverage the pre‐trained BERT or BiLSTM in Euclidean space to learn the semantic features of ED sentences. Meanwhile, to make full use of the dependency knowledge, a GNN‐based model is applied when encoding event types to learn the correlations between events. Then we use a simple neural‐based transformation to project the embeddings into the Poincaré ball to capture hierarchical features, and a distance score in hyperbolic space is computed for prediction. The experiments on MAVEN and ACE 2005 datasets indicate the effectiveness of the HyperED model and prove the natural advantages of hyperbolic spaces in expressing hierarchies in an intuitive way.
S3 Guideline Atopic dermatitis: Part 1 ‐ General aspects, topical and non‐drug therapies, special patient groups
Authors: Werfel Thomas , Heratizadeh Annice , Aberer Werner , Augustin Matthias , Biedermann Tilo , Bauer Andrea , Fölster‐Holst Regina , Kahle Julia , Kinberger Maria , Nemat Katja , Neustädter Irena , Peters Eva , von Kiedrowski Ralph , Schmid‐Grendelmeier Peter , Schmitt Jochen , Schwennesen Thomas , Simon Dagmar , Spindler Thomas , Traidl‐Hoffmann Claudia , Werner Ricardo Niklas , Wollenberg Andreas , Worm Margitta , Ott Hagen
Published: January 2024

This S3 guideline was created based on the European S3 guideline, with special consideration of the medical conditions in the German‐speaking region and incorporating additions from the previous German‐language version. The interdisciplinary guideline commission consisted of representatives from the German Dermatological Society, the Professional Association of German Dermatologists, the Austrian Society of Dermatology and Venereology, the Swiss Society of Dermatology and Venereology, the German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology, the German Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, the Professional Association of Pediatricians and Adolescent Medicine, the Society for Pediatric Allergology and Environmental Medicine, the German Society for Pediatric Rehabilitation and Prevention, the German Society for Psychosomatic Medicine and Medical Psychotherapy, the German Network for Health Services Research, the German Eczema Association and the German Allergy and Asthma Association.

This first part of the guideline focuses on the definition and diagnostic aspects of atopic dermatitis (AD), addressing topical therapy as well as non‐pharmacological treatment approaches such as UV therapy, psychoeducational therapy, dietary interventions for AD, allergen immunotherapy for AD, and complementary medicine. This part of the guideline also covers specific aspects of AD in children and adolescents, during pregnancy and lactation, and in the context of family planning. Additionally, it addresses occupational aspects of AD and highlights the perspective of the patients. The second part of the guideline, published separately, addresses the systemic therapy of AD.
The 1929 crash of the New York stock exchange as a liquidity crisis
Authors: Cadorel Jean‐Laurent
Published: January 2024

What caused the 1929 crash of the New York Stock Exchange? This paper quantitatively studies liquidity during the 1929 crash of the NYSE. I evidence that the crash represented a liquidity crisis due to the liquidation of brokers’ margin loans. Applying recent estimators of effective spreads and liquidity conditions from contemporary finance literature suggests a four‐fold increase in spreads during the crash at the aggregate level. At the individual stock level, quoted bid‐ask spreads suggest that liquidity explains one‐fifth of the variance in daily stock returns during the crash.
Chemical analysis of n‐propyl gallate used as pre‐treatment for resin‐dentin bond strength: In vitro study
Authors: Mendes Talita Arrais Daniel , Pascoal Samuel Chillavert Dias , Estellita Maria Clara Ayres , Lemos Marcelo Victor Sidou , Santiago Sérgio Lima , Mendonça Juliano Sartori
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of n‐propyl gallate as pre‐treatment for resin‐dentin bond strength. The dentin pre‐treatments evaluated included propyl gallate of concentrations 0.1% (w/v), 1.0% (w/v), and 10.0% (w/v), as well as glutaraldehyde 5.0% (v/v), and distilled water as a control treatment. Dentin specimens were prepared for Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR) (n = 3/pre‐treatment). Pre‐treatments were actively applied to dentin blocks before performing the adhesive procedure to composite resin. Microtensile bond strength to dentin (μTBS) (n = 8/pre‐treatment) was determined after 24 h and 6 months of storage. Data were submitted to a two‐way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post hoc test. As for FT‐IR, propyl gallate 1%‐treated specimens presented higher water, carbonate, collagen, and amide absorbance rates compared to other tested groups, while specimens pre‐treated with glutaraldehyde and distilled water presented similar absorbance curves. Regarding μTBS, all concentrations of propyl gallate resulted in statistically significant higher bond strength values than distilled water at 24 h. After 6 months of storage, propyl gallate 0.1% was the only group that maintained μTBS over time. Propyl gallate 0.1% might be a suitable dentinal pre‐treatment due to being able to present chemical bonds with demineralized dentin and providing resin‐dentin bond stability after 6 months of storage.
Elevated CO2 interacts with nutrient inputs to restructure plant communities in phosphorus‐limited grasslands
Authors: Taylor Christopher R. , England Luke C. , Keane J. Ben , Davies Jessica A. C. , Leake Jonathan R. , Hartley Iain P. , Smart Simon M. , Janes‐Bassett Victoria , Phoenix Gareth K.
Published: January 2024

Globally pervasive increases in atmospheric CO2 and nitrogen (N) deposition could have substantial effects on plant communities, either directly or mediated by their interactions with soil nutrient limitation. While the direct consequences of N enrichment on plant communities are well documented, potential interactions with rising CO2 and globally widespread phosphorus (P) limitation remain poorly understood. We investigated the consequences of simultaneous elevated CO2 (eCO2) and N and P additions on grassland biodiversity, community and functional composition in P‐limited grasslands. We exposed soil‐turf monoliths from limestone and acidic grasslands that have received >25 years of N additions (3.5 and 14 g m−2 year−1) and 11 (limestone) or 25 (acidic) years of P additions (3.5 g m−2 year−1) to eCO2 (600 ppm) for 3 years. Across both grasslands, eCO2, N and P additions significantly changed community composition. Limestone communities were more responsive to eCO2 and saw significant functional shifts resulting from eCO2–nutrient interactions. Here, legume cover tripled in response to combined eCO2 and P additions, and combined eCO2 and N treatments shifted functional dominance from grasses to sedges. We suggest that eCO2 may disproportionately benefit P acquisition by sedges by subsidising the carbon cost of locally intense root exudation at the expense of co‐occurring grasses. In contrast, the functional composition of the acidic grassland was insensitive to eCO2 and its interactions with nutrient additions. Greater diversity of P‐acquisition strategies in the limestone grassland, combined with a more functionally even and diverse community, may contribute to the stronger responses compared to the acidic grassland. Our work suggests we may see large changes in the composition and biodiversity of P‐limited grasslands in response to eCO2 and its interactions with nutrient loading, particularly where these contain a high diversity of P‐acquisition strategies or developmentally young soils with sufficient bioavailable mineral P.
Improper data practices erode the quality of global ecological databases and impede the progress of ecological research
Authors: Augustine Steven P. , Bailey‐Marren Isaac , Charton Katherine T. , Kiel Nathan G. , Peyton Michael S.
Published: January 2024

The scientific community has entered an era of big data. However, with big data comes big responsibilities, and best practices for how data are contributed to databases have not kept pace with the collection, aggregation, and analysis of big data. Here, we rigorously assess the quantity of data for specific leaf area (SLA) available within the largest and most frequently used global plant trait database, the TRY Plant Trait Database, exploring how much of the data were applicable (i.e., original, representative, logical, and comparable) and traceable (i.e., published, cited, and consistent). Over three‐quarters of the SLA data in TRY either lacked applicability or traceability, leaving only 22.9% of the original data usable compared with the 64.9% typically deemed usable by standard data cleaning protocols. The remaining usable data differed markedly from the original for many species, which led to altered interpretation of ecological analyses. Though the data we consider here make up only 4.5% of SLA data within TRY, similar issues of applicability and traceability likely apply to SLA data for other species as well as other commonly measured, uploaded, and downloaded plant traits. We end with suggested steps forward for global ecological databases, including suggestions for both uploaders to and curators of databases with the hope that, through addressing the issues raised here, we can increase data quality and integrity within the ecological community.
The prolonged dilemma: Refugees' impact on labour market in Türkiye
Authors: Demirkol Atahan
Published: January 2024

Türkiye has a long history of hosting millions of refugees, but since the beginning of the Syrian civil war in 2011, it has emerged as the world's leading refugee‐hosting country. Due to this fact, the frequency of refugee inflows to Türkiye has attracted us to explore refugees' macroeconomic impacts as the ongoing political and social debates in Türkiye regarding refugees are immensely focused on their economic impacts. Hence, this paper investigates the effect of refugees on unemployment in Türkiye. The study utilizes the Auto Regressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) Bounds Test approach from 1991 to 2021. Our results yield the pronounced positive and aggravating impact of refugees on unemployment rates in Türkiye. Türkiye's policymakers should focus on local economic policies to improve the refugees' formal integration into the labour market to resolve the negative economic effect of refugee hosting on the labour market.
The short‐term impact of comprehensive caries treatment on the supragingival microbiome of severe early childhood caries
Authors: Tian Jing , Zhao Bingqian , Wang Jingyan , Du Wenbin , Ma Wenli , Xia Bin , Xu He , Chen Tsute , He Xuesong , Qin Man
Published: January 2024

Background

Children affected by severe early childhood caries (S‐ECC) usually need comprehensive caries treatment due to the extensive of caries. How the oral microbiome changes after caries therapy within the short‐term warrant further study.

Aim

This study aimed to investigate the short‐term impact of comprehensive caries treatment on the supragingival plaque microbiome of S‐ECC children.

Design

Thirty‐three children aged 2–4 years with severe caries (dt > 7) were recruited. Comprehensive caries treatment was performed under general anesthesia in one session and included restoration, pulp treatment, extraction, and fluoride application. Supragingival plaque was sampled pre‐ and 1‐month posttreatment. The genomic DNA of the supragingival plaque was extracted, and bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was performed.

Results

Our data showed that the microbial community evenness significantly decreased posttreatment. Furthermore, comprehensive caries treatment led to more diverse microbial structures among the subjects. The interbacterial interactions reflected by the microbial community's co‐occurrence network tended to be less complex posttreatment. Caries treatment increased the relative abundance of Corynebacterium matruchotii, Corynebacterium durum, Actinomyces naeslundii, and Saccharibacteria HMT‐347, as well as Aggregatibacter HMT‐458 and Haemophilus influenzae. Meanwhile, the relative abundance of Streptococcus mutans, three species from Leptotrichia, Neisseria bacilliformis, and Provotella pallens significantly decreased posttreatment.

Conclusion

Our results suggested that comprehensive caries treatment may contribute to the reconstruction of a healthier supragingival microbiome.