bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of existing knowledge, perceptions and practices of diagnostic imaging among non-radiologist physicians in Makurdi, North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Chia Daniel M. , Mohammad Hameed , Ugande Alexis A. , Iorpagher Paul K.
Published: October 2022

Background: Despite the restricted diagnostic imaging knowledge, perceptions, and practices of non-radiologist physicians, the significance of radiology in establishing and verifying diagnoses in medicine is expanding globally. We aimed to evaluate existing diagnostic imaging knowledge, perceptions, and practices among referring non-radiologist physicians, identify aspects that are beneficial but substantially inconsistent, and determine those that can be improved.Methods: A 3-month cross-sectional study, utilizing structured questionnaire, was responded to by physicians at Benue State University Teaching Hospital (BSUTH), Makurdi. Descriptive statistics were used for the statistical analysis and results presented as tables and figures. Statistical significance was determined at p=0.05.Results: We recruited 137 physicians, aged 26 to 52 years, consisting of 111 (81.0%) males and 26 (19.0%) females. Majority,79 (57.7%) of respondents did not know which imaging modality; chest computed tomography (CT-chest) or chest X-rays (CXR), presented higher ionizing radiation hazards. Few 54 (39.4%) desired the radiologists’ lifestyle, while less than half 62 (45.3%) believed that any referral involving radiation risks should be justified. The ratings for diagnostic imaging knowledge, perceptions and practices were consecutively excellent, 124 (90.5%), optimistic 5 (3.6%) and healthy 19 (13.9%). No statistically significant correlations were found between knowledge and perceptions, knowledge and practices, or perceptions and imaging practices.Conclusions: Non-radiologist physicians demonstrated excellent knowledge but pessimistic perceptions and unhealthy imaging practices. A misconception existed over which modality, CT-chest or CXR, presented greater radiation risks. A few desired the radiologists’ lifestyles while a minority sought justification for radiation-risky investigations. These aspects were beneficial but inconsistent, necessitating improvements through multidisciplinary clinical interactions.
Is the Parkland grading scale related to surgical difficulty in laparoscopic cholecystectomy?
Authors: Arguello Gloria Guzmán , Beltran Javier Benítez , Cruz Israelelias Hernández , Flores José Sevilla , Romero Alexa , García Brenda , Paulina Aristeo , Pedroso Sebastian Gomez , Herrera Geovanna , Castellanos Yessica
Published: October 2022

Background: Acute cholecystitis is one of the most frequent surgical pathologies, accounting for 6-11% of patients with symptomatic gallstone disease. The gold-standard treatment for this disease is laparoscopic cholecystectomy because the minimally invasive surgery significantly benefits the patient in terms of less pain and early recovery. The Parkland grading scale (PGS) is a grading system based solely on intraoperative images, which stratifies gallbladder inflammation in five degrees based on anatomy and gallbladder inflammation. This grading system is useful and helps predict the outcome of the surgery.Methods: This study correlated the PGS with surgical difficulty based on factors such as open conversion and subtotal cholecystectomy. We included 105 patients in this study who, over a seven-month period, underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy and were graded by the PGS.Results: We enrolled a total of 105 patients in our study, in which 74 patients were female and 31 were male. Of the 105 patients, 94 had a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 3 underwent an open conversion (meaning the conversion rate was 2.9%), and 8 had a subtotal cholecystectomy (a rate of 7.6%).Conclusions: The PGS is an easy and applicable grading scale for surgeons, and its application could help predict the complexity of gallbladder surgery and the outcomes of each patient. However, additional high-quality studies are needed to asses and validate this scale in patients with acute cholecystitis and determine its predictive value. We should also adjust this study depending on the surgeons’ level of expertise.
Clinicopathological study of soft tissue tumours in a tertiary care hospital in south India
Authors: V. Amirtharajan , M. Prabha
Published: October 2022

Background: Soft tissue tumours are more diverse and heterogenous group of rare tumours. Soft tissue Sarcomas comprise <1% of adult cancers which pose a great challenge in diagnosis and treatment. The aim of the study is to study and compare the incidence and to evaluate the type, sex predilection, anatomical location and size of all soft tissue tumours.Methods: A prospective study of all soft tissue tumours reported in department of Pathology, Thanjavur Medical College Hospital from July 2012 to June 2014 was done. Soft tissue tumours, irrespective of the age, sex, size of the tumor, anatomical location was included in the study. Data collected include age, gender, presenting symptoms, site and size of neoplasms. Histopathological evaluation with haematoxylin and eosin staining under Light microscopy was done to make pathological diagnosis.Results: A total of 331 soft tissue tumour specimens were analysed, out of which 289 were benign (87.3%), 29 malignant (8.8%) and 13 intermediate (3.9%). Soft tissue sarcomas accounted for 1.4% of total malignancies. Upper limb is the most common site for soft tissue neoplasm. Benign soft tissue tumours had their peak incidence between 30-50 years, while malignant soft tissue tumours were more common after 50 years of life. Lipoma is the commonest benign soft tissue tumour and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour is the commonest malignant sarcoma.Conclusions: Soft tissue neoplasms are tumours that have a spectrum of histological types. The histopathological features of these neoplasms help in deciding the treatment modality.
Calvarial bone defect regeneration using beta-tricalcium phosphate: a translational research study in rat animal model
Authors: Sundar Ramalingam , Rai A. Bhagavandas , Jayakumar Naveenkumar , Divakar Darshan D.
Published: October 2022

Background: Guided bone regeneration (GBR) using osteoconductive graft materials has been used for osseous defect healing. The aim of this translational research study was to design and test a critical size calvarial defect (CSD) model in rats, to test GBR with beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP), using histology and micro computed tomography (micro-CT) assessment.Methods: Female Wistar albino rats (n=10) weighing 300 grams and aged 6-weeks were used and full thickness CSD were created in calvaria following exposure under general anesthesia. CSD were randomly divided into two groups for treatment, based on defect filling material: control group (no graft placed in defect; n=5); and beta-TCP group (defect grafted with beta-TCP; n=5). Both defects were covered with collagen membrane. After 8-weeks of healing the animals were sacrificed and calvarial specimens were subjected to micro-CT and histological assessment.Results: Based on micro-CT the new bone volume (NBV) was significantly higher in beta-TCP group (3.48±0.27 mm3; p<0.05), than control group (2.88±0.33 mm3). Similarly, new bone mineral density (NBMD) was significantly higher in beta-TCP group (0.426±0.018 g/mm3; p<0.01), than control group (0.243±0.015 g/mm3). Histology revealed greater new bone bridging the entire defect with interspersed graft particles in the beta-TCP group.Conclusions: Within the limitations of the present study, GBR of rat calvarial CSD with beta-TCP and collagen membrane, results in significantly higher NBV and NBMD, and is a reliable and reproducible translational research model.
Induced hypotension for functional endoscopic sinus surgery: comparison between dexmedetomidine and nitro-glycerine
Authors: A. A. Habib Rahaman , S. M. Dhananjaya Kumar , N. Amulya , M. Geetanjali , O. Kiran Kumar
Published: October 2022

Background: Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is a minimally invasive technique used to restore sinus ventilation and normal function by opening sinus air cells and ostia. FESS requires bloodless field, several techniques and drugs have been used in the past for achieving controlled hypotension such as nitroglycerine, esmolol, remifentanil, dexmedetomidine, isoflurane, propofol. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare between dexmedetomidine and nitroglycerine for controlled hypotension for FESS. Primary aim to compare quality of surgical field using average category scale and surgeon satisfaction and secondary aim to compare arterial pressure and heart rate changes between dexmedetomidine and nitroglycerine when used to induce hypotension.Methods: This study was conducted in 40 consenting adult patients posted for FESS and were randomly divided into two groups, group D received dexmedetomidine 1 mcg/kg and group N received nitroglycerine 0.5 mcg/kg/min, both infusions started 10 min after induction. Parameters such as quality of surgical field by average category scale, heart rate and mean arterial pressure (MAP) recorded every 10 minutes.Results: Dexmedetomidine and nitroglycerine both had comparable quality of surgical field. ACS grading of 1 or 2 were found among both the groups. Dexmedetomidine group had better mean arterial pressure at 10th, 20th, 30th, 40th, 50th, 60th and 70th min and heart rate at 10th, 20th, 30th, 40th, 50th, 60th and 70th min when compared to nitroglycerine group.Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine and nitroglycerine both were found to be safe to use for controlled hypotension in functional endoscopic sinus surgeries.
Physician understanding and preferences on the current management and treatment approaches for chronic constipation: a cross-sectional survey-based study
Authors: Chatterjee Kaushik , Nath Mandovi
Published: October 2022

Background: Chronic constipation is a prevalent gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorder. To date, there is a lack of real-world evidence on the current treatment approaches and patterns in the management of chronic constipation in India.Methods: We administered a cross-sectional, physical and digital-based survey between May 2021 and November 2021 to experienced gastroenterologists from different zones of India whose practices encompass direct care of patients with chronic constipation. The questionnaire included 30 close-ended questions on qualitative aspects of constipation management, with specific focus on physicians’ experience with efficacy, tolerability and compliance of Duphalac bulk, a combination of soluble fibers and lactulose. Responses of survey participants were summarized and analyzed using descriptive statistics. All analyses were performed using SPSS 25.0.Results: The survey was completed by 195 respondents, of which, 81.5% of physicians preferred osmotic laxatives plus fibers for the management of chronic constipation. Soluble fibers are the preferred choice of physicians (84.6%) over insoluble fibers and lactulose plus soluble fibers was the most preferred in the management of constipation symptoms. The efficacy, tolerability and compliance of Duphalac® bulk were found to be highly satisfactory.Conclusions: In this survey, key practice-relevant information on the current treatment approaches related to the management of chronic constipation from Indian were garnered. The use of soluble fibers was found to be preferred over insoluble fibers, and the clinical profile of a combination formulation of soluble fibers and lactulose was found to be extremely satisfactory among the survey population.
An audit of trauma related mortality in Government Medical College, Jammu
Authors: Zargar Owais-ul-umer , Ashraf Nashrah , Albina Ayat , Iqbal Javed , Dhingra N. C.
Published: October 2022

Background: Surgical audit is defined as a systematic, critical analysis of the quality of surgical care that is reviewed by peers against explicit criteria or recognized standards, and then used to further inform and improve surgical practice with the ultimate goal of improving the quality of care for patients. Aims and objectives were to study the profile of patients who died due to trauma and to identify factors involved in both pre-hospital and hospital care.Methods: This study was conducted in the department of surgery, GMC Jammu during over a period of one year. The profile of all traumatic deaths was studied to evaluate the various causes of trauma related mortality, age and sex relationship, mortality rate, prognostic indicators and also to identify factors involved in both pre-hospital and hospital care.Results: A total of 414 deaths occurred due to trauma. Out of these 317 patients were males and 97 patients were females comprising male to female ratio of 3.3:1. Road traffic accidents accounted for majority of the deaths (57%) followed by falls (35.5%), assaults (5.07%) and miscellaneous causes (2.43%). In children less than 15 years of age, traumatic deaths were more due to falls, whereas in adults it was more due to road traffic accidents. In our study there was steady rise of fatalities during weekend days with a peak on Saturday. Cranio-cerebral injuries were responsible for majority of the traumatic deaths (85.9%) followed by limb injuries including fractures (38.4%), thoracic injuries (27.7%), abdominal injuries (24.6%), pelvic injuries (20.7%) and spine injuries (14.2%).Conclusions: This study can be the impetus to motivate committed professionals in the trauma specialty to help in the organization of available facilities and to upgrade existing facilities for a better response to injury, which should not be different from other public health responses.
Extensiveness and homogeneity of diabetic/non-diabetic patients and their co-relation with CBNAAT confirmed tuberculosis patients in a tertiary care hospital of India
Authors: Bisht Himanshu Singh , Rajput Madhurendra Singh , Tiwari Sanchit , Kaur Sunpreet , Gaur Vivek
Published: October 2022

Background: Many studies reported association between TB susceptibility and diabetes mellitus (DM). Some studies were retrospective, did not assess other co morbidities related with tuberculosis. The effects of diabetes on tuberculosis severity (EDOTS) can be hypothesizing that burden of cases India is leading in TB and runner-up in diabetic. We report interim findings after enrolling 732 of a planned 212 subjects.Methods: This study conducted on patients with TB in west India with DM and normoglycemia defined by glucose tolerance test (GTT) and glucose fasting. Glycocylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipids profile and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured at the time of enrollment of patients. All patients were monitored monthly while they visited in TB and chest clinic for TB treatment.Results: Of 212 eligible patients, 117 (55.18%) were classified as diabetic, 49 (23.11%) with pre diabetic history (PDM), and 46 (21.70%) as normoglycemic (NG). DM patients were more likely to have a family history of diabetes in comparison to NG patients. Low density lipoprotein (LDH)) was higher in KDM as compared with NDM and NG patients. More patients (32) found diabetic through OGTT as compared with HbA1c (29).Conclusions: Early EDOTS, glycemic control and improve lifestyle can reduce the heterogeneity and implications for the TB-DM. Early diagnosis of TB and DM plays an important role in the management and treatment of TBDM.
Contributing factors and quality of life among women with abnormal uterine bleeding
Authors: Behera Subhasmita , Gomathi B. , Behera Kshyanaprava
Published: October 2022

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the most common debilitating menstrual problems and it has a major impact on quality of life.Methods: A explorative research design was adopted to study the contributing factor and quality of life. Hundred and fifty (150) women with AUB were selected purposively from gynecology OPD of IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. The tools used for the study were 1) the socio-demographic questionnaire, 2) questionnaire to assess the contributing factors and 3) WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire to assess the quality of life. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: Highest percentage of women (46.66%) were aged between 46 and 50. Majority of women had mental stress (72.67%) and were non-vegetarian (66%). Half of the (50.66%) women had a family history of AUB, and 16.66% of women had a family history of malignancy. Majority (76.66%) of women were diagnosed with medical conditions and among the highest percentage (27.84%) of them had thyroid diseases. The overall quality of life score was 65.08±11.19 and the social relationship domain (38.72±7.11) was more affected and the environmental domain (75.94±4.12) was least affected.Conclusions: Various factors are involved in the development of abnormal uterine bleeding.  There is a need for awareness about the contributing factors and prevention of AUB among reproductive-age women.
Drain versus no drain in an uncomplicated elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy- an institutional study
Authors: Raju Boyidi Venkat , Nadipenaa Jhansi , Ganesh Bodapudi , Pavani Namburi , Kiran Harshitha Usha , Nayak Samir Ranjan
Published: October 2022

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold standard for symptomatic gallstones. Post surgery to keep a subhepatic drain is an issue of debate. A randomised trial was designed to assess the outcome of drain in elective lap cholecystectomy.Methods: A randomized control trial was done from January 2019 to June 2020 among 40 patients. They were randomised into group A: (n=20) in which subhepatic space was drained by an abdominal drain size 28F drain which was brought out through right anterior axillary port (even group) and group B: (n=20) in which there was no-drain at sub hepatic space (odd group). The end points of this study was to compare postoperative pain, fever, wound infection ,hospital stay between the two groups.Results: Mean hospital stay among drain group was 3.95±1.35 days as compared to 2.55±0.60 days among no drain group and the difference was statistically significant (p value =0.001). 8 (40%) patients with drain had port side infection as compared to 1 (5%) patient among no drain group and the observed difference was statistically significant (p value =0.02). Post operative pain abdomen assessed using VAS, and found significant 12 after surgery. The young female patients were unhappy with the drain scar and 3 cases requested for need of plastic surgery corrections also.Conclusions: The routine use of a drain in uncomplicated elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy has no benefit; in contrast, it is associated with longer hospital stay, so better to avoid the drain.
A morphomertic study of dry human typical thoracic vertebral body in coastal region, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Hamsa Moulya Bevara Naga , Viswasanthi S. , Rao M. Someswara , Surekha Teki , Kishore S. Ravindra
Published: October 2022

Background: The frequent surgical interventions of the thoracic spine are more common due to a wide array of traumatic, degenerative, and neoplastic diseases. For successful surgical management of these conditions, detailed anatomical knowledge of the thoracic vertebrae is required. Previous studies in the past about morphometry of thoracic vertebrae mainly focused on pedicle diameters and their angulations. The vertebral body was not studied particularly in the coastal region, Andhra Pradesh which is the reason the present study has given importance to the morphometry of the vertebral body. Aim was to measure the various parameters of the vertebral body in typical thoracic vertebrae.Methods: 82 dry human typical thoracic vertebrae from the department of anatomy, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam were studied for the various morphometric parameters.Results: The antero posterior distance of the vertebral body in typical thoracic vertebrae ranged from 14.5-27.5 mm with a mean of 21.77 mm. The vertebral body superior transverse diameter ranged from 18.1-38.7 mm with a mean of 28.22 mm. The vertebral body inferior transverse diameter ranged from 22.6-41.2 mm with a mean of 31.3 mm. The anterior height of the body ranged from 10.2-24.1 mm with a mean of 18.17 mm. The right and left lateral height of the body ranged from 9.0-24.7 mm with a mean of 18.4 mm.Conclusions: The results provide information for more accurate modelling and design of vertebral body implants and instrumentations for the Indian population.
Effect of back extensor muscle endurance training on back pain incidence rate in computer users: a pilot study
Authors: Kothapalli Madhubabu
Published: October 2022

Background: Sit and work for more than seven hours per day increases risk of low back pain among computer users. Prevention of low back pain emerges as an important workplace healthcare measure. The objective was to examine the effect of back extensor endurance training on back pain incidence rate and to use back endurance position hold time score as back pain predictive marker in computer users.Methods: Seventy-three subjects with low and medium back endurance position hold time score included in this randomized control trail. Subjects categorized as prevention group (n=38) and control group (n=35). Prevention group performed back endurance exercise program three times in a week for 12 weeks. Control group not received any training. Back endurance hold time score measured before and after 12 weeks for both groups with Biering-Sorensen test. Back pain incidence and severity evaluated using 100 mm visual analog scale.Results: Preventive groups’ back endurance hold time significantly high after training (p<0.05). There was inverse relationship between position hold time score and back pain incidence rate in both groups (r=-0.415 and -0.02 for both the groups). Position hold time scores from control group significantly associated with back pain incidence rate (p<0.05). Back pain incidence rate was 51.4 % (control group) and 15.7% (prevention group).Conclusions: Back extensor endurance training is effective in prevention of back pain incidence rate among high risk computer users. Future studies required to incorporates these trainings in workplace preventive health programs.
Optimizing a diagnostic tool: coronary computed tomography angiography-guided percutaneous coronary intervention of anomalous coronary artery presenting as an acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Upadhyay Amar Nath , Kumar Barun
Published: October 2022

Anomalous coronary artery presenting with acute coronary syndrome is relatively rare. Achilles heel of percutaneous coronary intervention in a such patient is difficult cannulation of the culprit artery. Coronary CT angiography provides detailed information about the origin and course of the anomalous coronary artery. A few additional information like exit angle and orifice configuration provided exclusively by CT helps in appropriate hardware selection for angiographic success.
Marchiafava-Bignami disease: an interesting case report!
Authors: Jaganathan Sriram , Rangarajan Medhini
Published: October 2022

Marchiafava-Bignami Disease (MBD) is a rare neurodegenerative disease usually associated with chronic alcoholism characterized by demyelination and necrosis of the corpus callosum. Here, we report a 57-year-old patient who presented to our hospital with acute aphasia, disorientation and altered mental state. Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed areas of restricted diffusion in the corpus callosum, bilateral periventricular white matter and right cerebellar peduncle. Given that the patient was a chronic alcoholic, a diagnosis of Marchiafava-Bignami disease was made. Supportive management with intravenous Thiamine and multivitamins was offered. The patient improved clinically after one week of treatment and a repeat DWI MRI revealed complete resolution of the abnormalities. It is imperative to diagnose MBD promptly and distinguish this from other neurological manifestations related to chronic alcoholism. An early diagnosis can aid in a better outcome and faster recovery.
A brief review on therapeutic approaches for face and non-face recognition disorders: summarising recent clinical developments
Authors: Mondal Ritwick , Deb Shramana , Lahiri Durjoy , Shome Gourav , Saha Somesh
Published: October 2022

Face recognition is considered as an important phenomenon in our everyday life. In 19th century cognitive science got introduced with a new term ‘prosopagnosia’ (face recognition disorder) for the first time by Joachim Bodmer. The term is derived from Greek word prosopon (face) and gnosis (knowledge), and refers to a condition which was first observed as a consequence of brain lesions (acquired prosopagnosia). Initially it was believed that prosopagnosia results due to brain injury but later congenital or hereditary form of face recognition disorder was also reported. The therapeutic modalities of this rare disorder are still unclear but with the advancement of scientific understanding different diagnostic procedures as well as therapeutic strategies are developed. These treatment procedures impart an impactful result among the individuals suffering from this disorder. Here in this article, we reviewed about various treatment approaches of acquired prosopagnosia and development prosopagnosia.
The Physical Property Changes of Peatland upon Conversion of Oil Palm Plantation to Corn Cropping in Kinali, West Pasaman, West Sumatera
Authors: Harianti Mimien , Prasetyo Teguh Budi , Junaidi Junaidi , Gusmini Gusmini , Yenad Anggun Fitria
Published: October 2022

The decrease in oil palm production in Kinali, West Pasaman Regency, has become the factor that makes the farmers convert their peatlands to corn cropping. This study aimed to examine the physical characteristics (irreversible drying) of peatlands due to the conversion of oil palm to corn cropping. Some observations and samplings were conducted by applying a transect method, as it was perpendicular to the collection drain for 2, 200, and 400m from the main drains in three locations as the uses of the lands: (1) oil palm plantations, (2) <2-year corn cropping, (3) >2-year corn cropping. In each land, 3 sample points were taken with 2 repetitions at a depth of 0‒20 cm and 20‒40 cm. The physical properties of peatlands that have been converted from oil palm plantations to corn cropping include the water content increasing from 286.4 to 348.5 and 322.7%, the ash content decreasing from 55.2 to 43.5 and 47.5%, with C-organic increased by 25.9 to 30.7 and 32.4%, fiber content increased from 27.1 to 32.1 and 28.7%, and the volume weight of the peat tended to be similar (0.3 g/cm3). In all land use, irreversible drying occurred; in the oven at 50°C dan 70°C with a drying time of 3´24 hours, and at 150°C, and the drying time of 1´24 hours, the moisture content of 232‒256% in oil palm plantation, 269‒290% in <2-year corn cropping, and 394‒440% in >2-year corn cropping. Irreversible drying occureds more quickly on the peatlands in oil palm plantations rather than in corn cropping.

 

Keywords: corn cropping, irreversible drying, palm oil plantation, peatland
Ketebalan Daun dan Laju Transpirasi Tanaman Hias Monokotil
Authors: Ningsih Chindy Sulastri , Daningsih Entin
Published: October 2022

Leaves are the main organ in plants. In general, leaf thickness varies amongst plants and is related to the transpiration rate. This study measured leaf thickness and transpiration rate in six ornamental monocotyledon plants. The experiment used Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. The main factors were six monocotyledon plants and three plant parts; combination factors were interactions between plant species and plant parts. Leaf thickness was measured from the upper to the lower epidermis before and after measuring the transpiration rate. The transpiration rate was measured by weighing. The data were analyzed using SAS with the Factorial CRD model and continued with LSD if the treatment was significant. The plant types and parts significantly affected the leaf thickness and transpiration rate. However, the combination treatments between plant types and plant parts significantly affected only the transpiration rate. Chlorophytum comosum L. had the highest transpiration, followed by Dracaena reflexa, Aglonema crispum, Cordyline fruticosa, Crymum asiaticum, and Rhoeo discolor. The leaves of the lower parts of the plant had the highest transpiration rate compared to the middle and upper parts of the plant. Rhoeo discolor had the thickest leaves and lower transpiration rate than other plants. The leaf thickness ranged from 95.94 µm to 147.03 µm. This phenomenon indicated that the thickness of the leaves was inversely correlated to the transpiration rate.

 

Keywords: leaf thickness, transpiration rate, monocotyledon, ornamental plant
Aplikasi Actinomycetes dan Bakteriofag pada Tomat Sambung untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Layu Bakteri Ralstonia solanacearum dan Meningkatkan Hasil Buah
Authors: Lisa Navitasari  , Joko Tri , Murti Rudi Hari , Arwiyanto Triwidodo
Published: October 2022

Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) is a soil-borne pathogen that causes bacterial wilt disease and is a complex species in races, biovars, phylotypes, and strains of various pathogenicities. As a result, the pathogen is difficult to control. An alternative control is by applying actinomycetes and bacteriophages on tomato grafted with resistant rootstock. This study aims to find the best combination in controlling bacterial wilt disease among grafted tomato plants and/or actinomycetes and/or bacteriophage treatments to increase yields. The graftings were between Amelia (East West, Indonesia) or H7996 (AVRDC) as rootstocks, and Servo (East West, Indonesia) as the susceptible scion. The grafting used the tube method, and the experimental design was a randomized completely block design with the grafted plants treated by actinomycetes and/or bacteriophages with three replications. The results indicated that actinomycetes application on plants grafted with Amelia rootstock or H7996 and the application of bacteriophages on susceptible varieties (Servo) could be the best alternative treatment in controlling the bacterial wilt disease. The susceptible varieties with the actinomycetes or bacteriophages application could even increase fruit yields higher than the grafted tomatoes treated with actinomycetes or bacteriophages. In fact, the susceptible tomato varieties with bacteriophage treatment showed high fruit yield.

 

Keywords: actinomycetes, bacteriophages, bacterial wilt disease, fruit yield, Ralstonia solanacearum
Aktivitas Nitrat Reduktase (ANR) Tanaman Jagung pada Pola Tumpangsari yang Diberi Serasah Jagung-Kedelai serta Biochar di Lahan Suboptimal Sidondo Sulawesi Tengah
Authors: Ende Sjarfuddin , Salawati Salawati , Kadekoh Indrianto , Fathurrahman Fathurrahman , Darman Saiful , Lukman Lukman
Published: October 2022

The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between nitrate reductase activity and N uptake, tissue N content, N uptake, and chlorophyll content of corn plants in intercropping patterns which are given corn-soybean litter and biochar. The use of plant litter and biochar derived from crop residues as a source of organic matter in different intercropping patterns affected nitrate reductase activity, tissue N content, N uptake, and chlorophyll content of maize. This experiment was carried out on sub-optimal Sidondo land, Central Sulawesi with the main limiting factors being the availability of water and alkaline soil pH (7.21) which were arranged in a divided plot design with five litter treatments as subplots and five cropping patterns as the main plot with three replicates. Parameters observed were N levels, plant tissue N uptake, chlorophyll, and nitrate reductase activity. Collected data were analyzed using Anova and Duncan's multiple random tests. The results showed that corn litter, soybean mixed corn + soybean litter and their biochar in different intercropping patterns affected nitrate reductase activity, nitrogen uptake, chlorophyll levels very significantly (P˂0.01), increased nitrate reductase activity by 9710.86 mol NO2- -1g-1hour-1 at the age of 55 DAP, while N uptake (2237 mg.kg-1), tissue N content (4.33%), and total chlorophyll content (10.61 mg.l-1) were the highest in the litter treatment, corn and soybeans as well as biochar in corn and soybean intercropping (1:2), and (2:4). Thus, the provision of corn and soybean litter and biochar in intercropping systems can increase nitrate reductase activity, N uptake, tissue N levels, and corn chlorophyll levels in the corn-soybean intercropping system.   Keywords: chlorophyll, N content of corn plant tissue, nitrate reductase activity, N uptake
Diversitas Pangan Fermentasi Berbasis-Susu di Indonesia dan Kandungan Gizinya
Authors: Noviatanti Nabilah Firyal , Listiyowati Sri , Astuti Rika Indri
Published: October 2022

Indonesia has abundant and diverse food commodities, including fermented food. However, metadata analysis about the diversity of fermented foods has not been reported. In addition, a comparison of the nutritional content of milk-based fermented foods is also not yet available. Therefore, this study aims to reveal the diverse status of fermented foods, to determine the nutritional content, especially of fermented milk-based foods, namely dangke, and their comparisons between milk-based fermented products. The research method included literature study, making dangke, proximate analysis of dangke, and statistical data analysis. Literature studies show that fermented foods and beverages in Indonesia were most reported in 2017, 2018, and 2019 respectively. Although most fermented foods are not known for their area of origin, the microbial groups involved in their processing come from the bacterial group rather than fungi, mainly through the lactic acid fermentation mechanism. Microbes' role in fermented products is diverse and can be grouped into five groups. The primary role of microbes is to support bioprocesses. Among milk-based fermented products, dangke is one of the traditional products with a fat content that is significantly different fat content from yogurt, kefir, and dadih, and the protein is not significantly different from yogurt, kefir, dadih, and mozzarella cheese. This nutritional content analysis indicates differences in fat and protein content among fermented milk-based food products.

 

Keywords: dangke, fat content, metadata, protein content, proximate analysis
Pemanfaatan Pupuk Guano dalam Sistem Pertanian Berkelanjutan dan Dampaknya pada Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea mays saccharata L)
Authors: Lukman Lukman
Published: October 2022

Guano can be used as an organic fertilizer in anticipating fertilizer shortages. This study aims to obtain the right dose of guano for the growth and yield of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata L). The method used in this study was a single-factor randomized block design, consisting of 4 treatments of doses of guano fertilizer and 4 replications. Fertilizer dosage treatments were: g0 = no guano, g1 = 3 tons guano/ha, g2 = 5 tons guano/ha, g3 = 7 tons guano/ha. Observation parameters consisted of plant height (cm), the number of leaves (strand), the diameter of the stem (cm), the diameter of the ear (cm), the length of the ear (cm), and the weight of fruit/bed (kg). The results showed that the use of guano at a dose of 7 tons/ha was the best dose for plant height, the number of leaves, ear diameter, stem diameter, and cob weight. It was concluded that guano could increase the growth and yield of sweet corn.

 

Keywords: corn, guano, organic fertilizer
Efektivitas Konsentrat Papain Bubuk, Getah Pepaya Segar, dan Papain Komersial sebagai Koagulan dalam Pembuatan Dangke
Authors: Ardat Muh. Achyar , Wulandari Zakiah , Arief Irma Isnafia
Published: October 2022

Dangke is a milk-based dish in which the papain coagulates casein. This study aims to test the effectiveness of powdered papain concentrate, fresh papaya sap, and commercial papain as a coagulant agent in the dangke preparation with three additional levels of enzyme activity in each type of papain. The resulting dangke was tested physically, chemically, and organoleptically to determine the type of papain and the enzyme's activity level most effectively as a coagulant. The three enzyme activity levels used were 217.14, 434,29, and 651.44 AU/mg with a heating temperature of 100.16°C. The experiment used a randomized group design factorial pattern with three replications. Testing on the physical properties of the two types of papain showed results that did not differ significantly (P>0.05) for the whey weight but differed significantly for the yield. The results of the chemical properties test showed significantly different results (P<0.05) on the protein level. Based on hedonic quality tests, the dangke that is liked was chewy in texture, white in color, predominantly milky, has a distinctive dangke taste, and does not taste bitter. The hedonic quality on Anova test indicated a significantly different result (P<0.05) for all tested parameters. The best papain as a coagulant in dangke making was fresh sap papain and freeze-dried papain with the addition of the lowest level of enzyme activity, or level one.

 

Keywords: coagulant, dangke, enzyme activity, organoleptic, papain
Language dynamics in the case of an omniscient in the jain literature of Classical period (5th-10th c. Ce)
Authors: Glinicka Małgorzta
Published: October 2022

The article “Language Dynamics in the case of an Omniscient” is the study of the idea of an omniscient person on the basis of the classical Jain literature (5th–10th c. CE) in the context of language materiality, human activity and entanglement of a person into karmic bondage.
Maurice Merleau-Ponty: u zarania filozofii różnicy we Francji
Authors: Kwietniewska Małgorzata
Published: October 2022

The article presents a general characterisation of Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s thought, particularly pointing to an ambivalence in his views. According to the author, this ambivalence is created on purpose and leads the philosopher to initiate a French version of philosophy of difference. It turns out that though Merleau-Ponty declares appreciation towards Husserl’s phenomenology and Sartre’s existentialism, he is closer to classical German philosophy: Hegel and Heidegger.
Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Mammaliicoccus sciuri - A MDR Strain causing Clinical Mastitis in Cows of Odisha, India
Authors: Panigrahi S. , Biswal S. , Padhi S.K. , Pahari A. , Bhuyan K. , Sahoo N.
Published: October 2022

Background: Mammaliicoccus sciuri is a multidrug resistant human pathogen. Literature on its role causing bovine mastitis is scarce. Detection of M. sciuri from a cow with clinical mastitis in Malkangiri district of Odisha stimulated to ascertain its status in a larger population and to study its characteristics in genotypic and phenotypic levels. Methods: 520 lactating cows from various herds of Malkangiri district of Odisha, India were screened for presence of clinical mastitis. Milk samples were collected aseptically from 15 cows with clinical mastitis. 16S rRNA amplification was performed to know presence of bacterial pathogen (s). Conventional PCR was carried out to detect resistance genes against β-lactam (blaZ), aminoglycoside (aacA-aphD) and tetracycline (tetK, tetM). In vitro sensitivity test was studied against M. sciuri isolates using nine antibiotic discs. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to compare its origin. Result: M. sciuri was isolated in 6 (40.0%) mastitis positive milk samples. In vitro antibiotic sensitivity test against M. sciuri isolates showed highest degree of resistant to penicillin (100%) followed by, cefoperazone (33.3%), streptomycin (33.3%), tetracycline (16.0%). One isolate of M. sciuri had tetK, tetM resistance gene. Phylogenetic analysis showed (75-100%) similarity with other isolates obtained from GeneBank. Present study highlights tetK gene in M. sciuri.
Social Science and Social Practice: a Request for Active Engagement
Authors:   Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation, Gorshkov Mikhail K.
Published: October 2022

The article highlights the issues of methodology and theory, which in modern conditions come to the fore, allow developing strategies and models for explaining social phenomena and processes. At the same time key problems and research areas are highlighted that are widely discussed in the sociological community and are related to analysis of a new reality and degree of the current and future Russian society’ social certainty. Special importance of the interaction of sociological science with other disciplines in the study of sociocultural and spiritual and moral changes, the transformation of mass consciousness and behavioral practices, public health, new and old forms of deviations is noted. Emphasis is placed on the need to use the resource of sociology in an in-depth study of the quality of life and the possibilities for improving it, of demographic trends, the confi guration of labor markets, excessive inequalities, state-civil and ethnic identity, ensuring the national interests and security of Russia. The results of these and related research areas make it possible to replenish the theoretical and methodological base of social science, identify the vectors of ongoing changes, their possible intended and unintended consequences, and ensure active interaction between the theoretical and empirical «at the output» of scientific products, the birth of new special concepts and theories.
Safety Subjective Estimations Significance to the Optimization Trends Substantiating for People to Adapt to Risk Environment
Authors:   Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation, Mozgovaya Alla V. , Shlykova Elena V. ,   Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2022

The initial methodological position of the analysis in the article is the idea of the increasing pace of change in all spheres and at all levels of society. The process is accompanied by uncertainty, an increase in the riskiness of the social and natural environment. The relevance of the search for ways and resources to optimize adaptation processes for both institutional entities and individuals and groups is increasing. The article discusses methodological aspects of recognition, assessment and decision-making regarding risks of various types and at various levels. The article summarizes the transformational risks of the last decade, substantiates the relevance and signifi cance of the sociological support of programs for optimizing ways of adapting the population to the risks of a changing environment, which in turn requires a deeper study of personal evaluative consciousness. It is necessary to have an idea of what people are guided by when determining and assessing the level of danger and risk, the degree of their social security and safety, especially when making decisions to act in a risky environment in accordance with a particular strategy. As a consequence, the relevance of the analysis of factors involved in the subjective assessment of security increases for sociology. The empirical section of the article presents the results of a study of subjective assessments of security by the population who have entered a situation of the strongest sanctions pressure aff ecting all spheres of public life, family and personal social and economic well-being. The analysis revealed specifi c areas of security in which the population has suffi cient resources, experience and practices to adapt to changes, as well as areas requiring the search for resources and practices that provide families and individuals with the formation of an adequate adaptive response to escalated and newly emerged challenges and threats. The results obtained confirm the productivity of including the indicator of subjective safety assessment in a comprehensive indicator of the level and quality of social adaptation.
Youth in the Socio-Cultural Reality of Russian Society: Semantic Determinants of Self-Regulation
Authors:   Institute of Socio- Political Research of FCTAS RAS Moscow, Russian Federation, Zubok Yulia A. , Lyubutov Alexander S. ,   Institute of Socio- Political Research of FCTAS RAS Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2022

The process of self-regulation is considered as the interaction of young people in the space of their life activity, as a result of which communication structures are formed, representing groups of young people united by common meanings. The meanings are formed in the process of youth interiorization (internalization) of traditional and modern culture and are the result of their interaction with the basic culture and subculture. Inherited initially in an unconscious form, and afterwards transferred to the fi eld of consciousness, manifested in the form of archetypes, mental and modern character traits, the meanings, considered in their interrelation as an ordered integrity, represent the hierarchical structure of the multidimensional semantic space of socio- cultural reality. To study it, the method of structural- taxonomic analysis was applied, which refl ected the connections between the elements of the self-regulation mechanism and the semantic characteristics of the life of young people. On the basis of their conjugation, the integral structure of the socio- cultural space of youth is shown, the main semantic determinants and related models of self-regulation are identified: a model based on the spiritual meanings of a common culture; hybrid model with a complex layered structure of the “centaur” type; focused on basic material values as an existential basis for a calm, prosperous everyday life, achieved in an institutionally approved way— through labor; a model based on traditional family values and at the same time statist orientations; a confrontational model determined by the total distrust of young people, mainly in socio-political institutions; a model of consent and solidarity, due to the opposite attitude towards trust, associated with the same public and political institutions; modern liberal model of self-regulation of an individualistic type; a model based on the ideas of imperial patriotism combined with an extreme form of demonstrative nationalism. Two models have been identifi ed — “hybrid” and “traditional”, the semantic confi gurations of which are “root” for six other models. The “hybrid” model is associated with “spiritual”, “material” and “confrontational”, and the “traditional” (traditional family and socio-political values) — with “spiritual”, “trust and solidarity”, but also “imperial nationalism”. Nodal taxa have been identified with their corresponding semantic fi elds, which have connections with other types of self-regulation and are “root”, i.e. meaningful.