bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of Ice Tolerance Flight Envelope Protection Control System for UAV Based on LSTM Neural Network for Detecting Icing Severity
Authors: Yue Ting , Wang Xianlong , Wang Bo , Tai Shang , Liu Hailiang , Wang Lixin , Jiang Feihong
Published: January 2025

Icing on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can degrade aerodynamic performance, reduce flight capabilities, impair maneuverability and stability, and significantly impact flight safety. At present, most flight control methods for icing-affected aircraft adopt a conservative control strategy, in which small control inputs are used to keep the aircraft’s angle of attack and other state variables within a limited range. However, this approach restricts the flight performance of icing aircraft. To address this issue, this paper innovatively proposes a design method of an ice tolerance flight envelope protection control system for a UAV on the base of icing severity detection using a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network. First, the icing severity is detected using an LSTM neural network without requiring control surface excitation. It relies solely on the aircraft’s historical flight data to detect the icing severity. Second, by modifying the fuzzy risk level boundaries of the icing aircraft flight parameters, a nonlinear mapping relationship is established between the tracking command risk level, the UAV flight control command magnitude, and the icing severity. This provides a safe range of tracking commands for guiding the aircraft out of the icing region. Finally, the ice tolerance flight envelope protection control law is developed, using a nonlinear dynamic inverse controller (NDIC) as the inner loop and a nonlinear model predictive controller (NMPC) as the outer loop. This approach ensures boundary protection for state variables such as the angle of attack and roll angle while simultaneously enhancing the robustness of the flight control system. The effectiveness and superiority of the method proposed in this paper are verified for the example aircraft through mathematical simulation.
Socio-Educational Challenges for the Inclusion of Children with Cochlear Implants: The Role of Families
Authors: Cortés-González Pablo , Ruiz-Ariza Deseada , Mañas-Olmo Moisés , Alix-González Carolina
Published: January 2025

The article examines the socio-educational barriers and facilitators faced by families of children with cochlear implants (CI) in Andalucía (a region in southern Spain). Through a qualitative approach based on surveys and interviews, three main categories of limitations are identified: access to and quality of services, parental stress related to caregiving and communication, and socioeconomic and individual factors. Among the facilitators, financial support, family-professional collaboration, and inclusive practices in educational settings are highlighted. The findings underscore challenges such as the lack of coordination between medical and educational services, the need for teacher training, and the emotional and financial impact on families. Conversely, effective strategies such as family support networks, specialized hospital coordinators, and inclusive educational practices are emphasized. The study concludes that improving access to comprehensive services and fostering collaboration between educational and healthcare agents is essential to promote inclusive education and the well-being of families and children with CI. This work advocates for a critical and participatory perspective in the development of inclusive policies.
Improving Student Teacher Preparedness in Reading Instruction
Authors: Milne Jennifer , Topping Keith J.
Published: January 2025

Background: Learning to read is a complex linguistic and cognitive process. Despite the ever-growing body of empirical evidence, the complex knowledge and skills needed to teach all children to read have not been passed to trainee and in-service teachers. Methods: This study examined the delivery and evaluation of a short, intense literacy elective course, with 9 h of learning for trainee primary/elementary teachers, focused on the key knowledge areas of phonemic awareness, phonics instruction, fluency, vocabulary, text comprehension, and reading assessment. An open questionnaire was administered to 16 trainee teachers: they completed this same questionnaire prior to beginning the elective and again after. The questionnaire focused on the understanding of quality reading instruction, at-risk readers, and provision for struggling readers. The data were analyzed using a qualitative interpretational analysis (QIA). Results: The lowest levels of understanding at the outset were in reading fluency instruction and reading assessment: these areas then showed the greatest knowledge development. Importantly, by post test, participants increased access to evidence-based literature and resources. Feedback demonstrated the high value placed by the group on this learning. Conclusions: This approach improved trainee teachers’ content knowledge to teach reading in a short time. Initial Teacher Education should increase its focus on reading, a crucial foundation skill.
Unstructured Cut-Cell Generation for Complex Geological Modeling
Authors: Mu Yu , Yang Qin , Li Jigang , Meng Xianhai
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we propose an unstructured cut-cell generation method for complex geological modeling. The method can robustly and quickly generate cut results for surface and polyhedral meshes. First, we correctly identify intersecting elements in the input and compute intersection points and lines. Then, we integrate the intersection points and lines into the mesh face and subdivide it into a set of triangles. Finally, each mesh element is considered to be inside or outside each input object, and the result is finally extracted from the mesh elements generated in the above steps. To support topological queries and modifications in cutting process, we design a novel polyhedral mesh data structure, which introduces the concept of half-edge but represents it in an implicit manner. For each cell, we record its incident faces. For each face, we store the incident half-edges. For each vertex and edge, we store one of its incident faces. Our method is properly proved in a complex 3D geological model.
Publication Trends, Key Findings, and Research Gaps in Renewable Energy Applications in Agriculture
Authors: Pietrzak Piotr , Kacperska Elżbieta , Kraciuk Jakub , Łukasiewicz Katarzyna
Published: January 2025

The main aim of this study is to perform a bibliometric analysis (BA) examining the use of renewable energy sources (RESs) in agriculture. To fulfill this aim, several research tasks were outlined: (1) analyze the distribution of publications by year regarding the application of RESs in agriculture (agriculture as a consumer and producer of RESs); (2) identify the most cited articles in this area; (3) determine which countries have made the most significant contributions to the field through their research outputs; (4) highlight the main subject areas linked to RES use in agriculture; (5) explore various practical aspects of implementing RESs in agricultural practices; and (6) suggest potential future research directions in this domain. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed to tackle these tasks. The data collection process was completed on 18 July 2024, using the Scopus database to access peer-reviewed sources. After filtering the results, a total of 317 journal and conference papers were selected for further analysis. The study’s key finding reveals that while renewable energy sources are already being integrated into agriculture, there is still a notable lack of comprehensive research in several critical areas. Specifically, it remains unclear whether the adoption of renewable energy in agriculture leads to enhanced operational efficiency, better cost-effectiveness, and improvements in environmental sustainability.
Integrated Surface and Tropospheric Column Analysis of Sulfur Dioxide Variability at the Lamezia Terme WMO/GAW Regional Station in Calabria, Southern Italy
Authors: D’Amico Francesco , Lo Feudo Teresa , Gullì Daniel , Ammoscato Ivano , De Pino Mariafrancesca , Malacaria Luana , Sinopoli Salvatore , De Benedetto Giorgia , Calidonna Claudia Roberta
Published: January 2025

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) can be of natural and anthropogenic origin and is one of the sulfur compounds present in the atmosphere. Among natural sources, volcanoes contribute with relevant annual outputs, and major eruptions lead to spikes in these outputs. In the case of anthropogenic pollution, SO2 emissions are mostly correlated with the sulfur content of fuels, which has been the focus of specific emission mitigation policies for decades. Following other examples of cyclic and multi-year evaluations, an analysis of SO2 at the Lamezia Terme (code: LMT) WMO/GAW (World Meteorological Organization—Global Atmosphere Watch) station in Calabria, Southern Italy, was performed. The coastal site is characterized by wind circulation patterns that result in the detection of air masses with low or enhanced anthropic influences. The presence of the Aeolian Arc of active, quiescent, and extinct volcanoes, as well as Mount Etna in Sicily, may influence LMT observations with diffused SO2 emissions. For the first time in the history of the LMT, a multi-year analysis of a parameter has been integrated with TROPOMI data gathered by Sentinel-5P and used to test total tropospheric column densities at the LMT itself and select coordinates in the Tyrrhenian and Ionian seas. Surface and satellite data indicate that SO2 peaks at the LMT are generally linked to winds from the western–seaside wind corridor, a pattern that is compatible with active volcanism in the Tyrrhenian Sea and maritime shipping to and from the Gioia Tauro port located in the same region. The findings of this research provide the basis for enhanced source apportionment, which could further differentiate anthropogenic sources in the area from natural outputs.
Artificial Intelligence vs. Human: Decoding Text Authenticity with Transformers
Authors: Gifu Daniela , Silviu-Vasile Covaci
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a comprehensive study on detecting AI-generated text using transformer models. Our research extends the existing RODICA dataset to create the Enhanced RODICA for Human-Authored and AI-Generated Text (ERH) dataset. We enriched RODICA by incorporating machine-generated texts from various large language models (LLMs), ensuring a diverse and representative corpus. Methodologically, we fine-tuned several transformer architectures, including BERT, RoBERTa, and DistilBERT, on this dataset to distinguish between human-written and AI-generated text. Our experiments examined both monolingual and multilingual settings, evaluating the model’s performance across diverse datasets such as M4, AICrowd, Indonesian Hoax News Detection, TURNBACKHOAX, and ERH. The results demonstrate that RoBERTa-large achieved superior accuracy and F-scores of around 83%, particularly in monolingual contexts, while DistilBERT-multilingual-cased excelled in multilingual scenarios, achieving accuracy and F-scores of around 72%. This study contributes a refined dataset and provides insights into model performance, highlighting the transformative potential of transformer models in detecting AI-generated content.
Classifying Food Items During an Eating Occasion: A Machine Learning Approach with Slope Dynamics for Windowed Kinetic Data
Authors: Baldi Ileana , Lanera Corrado , Bhuyan Mohammad Junayed , Berchialla Paola , Vedovelli Luca , Gregori Dario
Published: January 2025

Background: Wearable devices equipped with a range of sensors have emerged as promising tools for monitoring and improving individuals’ health and lifestyle. Objectives: Contribute to the investigation and development of effective and reliable methods for dietary monitoring based on raw kinetic data generated by wearable devices. Methods: This study uses resources from the NOTION study. A total of 20 healthy subjects (9 women and 11 men, aged 20–31 years) were equipped with two commercial smartwatches during four eating occasions under semi-naturalistic conditions. All meals were video-recorded, and acceleration data were extracted and analyzed. Food recognition on these features was performed using random forest (RF) models with 5-fold cross-validation. The performance of the classifiers was expressed in out-of-bag sensitivity and specificity. Results: Acceleration along the x-axis and power show the highest and lowest rates of median variable importance, respectively. Increasing the window size from 1 to 5 s leads to a gain in performance for almost all food items. The RF classifier reaches the highest performance in identifying meatballs (89.4% sensitivity and 81.6% specificity) and the lowest in identifying sandwiches (74.6% sensitivity and 72.5% specificity). Conclusions: Monitoring food items using simple wristband-mounted wearable devices is feasible and accurate for some foods while unsatisfactory for others. Machine learning tools are necessary to deal with the complexity of signals gathered by the devices, and research is ongoing to improve accuracy further and work on large-scale and real-time implementation and testing.
Effect of Liquid Nitrogen Freezing on Maintaining the Quality of Crayfish During Freeze–Thaw Cycles: Muscle Structure and Myofibrillar Proteins Properties
Authors: Teng Zongna , He Xiaoyue , Wang Liuqing , Xu Limin , Jiao Chuyi , Chen Jiwang
Published: January 2025

The quality of frozen crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) is challenged by freeze–thaw (FT) cycles during storage. The effect of freezing methods on the quality of crayfish during FT cycles was investigated by comparing physicochemical properties, microstructure, and myofibrillar protein (MPs) properties. Three methods were used for crayfish freezing, including air convective freezing (AF) at −20 °C and −50 °C, as well as liquid nitrogen freezing (LNF) at −80 °C. The frozen crayfish were thawed at 4 °C after 45 d of frozen storage as 1 FT cycle. After 5 FT cycles, the water holding capacity of LNF crayfish (70.8%) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of −20 °C AF crayfish (60.6%) and −50 °C AF crayfish (63.5%). The drip loss of LNF crayfish (7.83%) was significantly lower than that of AF crayfish. Moreover, LNF maintained the gel strength and the thermal stability of MPs from crayfish with higher gel storage modulus and enthalpy. These results demonstrated that LNF minimized the formation of large ice crystals, preserving the structural integrity of muscle and the properties of MPs, thereby maintaining crayfish quality. This study investigated the effect of LNF in preserving crayfish quality during FT cycles, providing valuable insights for reducing the quality degradation of aquatic products during storage and transportation.
Alaria esculenta, Ulva lactuca, and Palmaria palmata as Potential Functional Food Ingredients for the Management of Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Shannon Emer , Hayes Maria
Published: January 2025

Hypertension, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and obesity raise an individual’s risk of suffering from diseases associated with metabolic syndrome (MS). In humans, enzymes that play a role in the prevention and development of MS include angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE-1) associated with hypertension, α-amylase associated with T2D, and lipase linked to the development of obesity. Seaweeds are a rich source of bioactives consisting of proteins/peptides, polysaccharides, and lipids. This study examined the potential of seaweed-derived bioactives from Alaria esculenta, Ulva lactuca, and Palmaria palmata as inhibitors of ACE-1, α-amylase, and lipase. In vitro enzyme inhibitory assays were used to quantify the bioactivity of the seaweed extracts and compare their half-maximal inhibitory (IC50) values to recognised positive control enzyme inhibitory drugs captopril© (an ACE-1 inhibitor), acarbose (an α-amylase inhibitor), and orlistat (a lipase inhibitor). Three seaweed extracts displayed enzyme inhibitory activities equal to, or more effective than, the reference positive control drugs. These were P. palmata peptides (ACE-1 IC50 94.29 ± 3.07 µg/mL, vs. captopril© 91.83 ± 2.68 µg/mL); A. esculenta polyphenol extract (α-amylase IC50 147.04 ± 9.72 µg/mL vs. acarbose 185.67 ± 12.48 µg/mL, and lipase IC50 106.21 ± 6.53 µg/mL vs. orlistat 139.74 ± 9.33 µg/mL); and U. lactuca polysaccharide extract (α-amylase IC50 168.06 ± 10.53 µg/mL vs. acarbose 185.67 ± 12.48 µg/mL). Proximate analysis also revealed that all three seaweeds were a good source of protein, fibre, and polyunsaturated essential fatty acids (PUFAs). These findings highlight the potential of these seaweeds in the management of diseases associated with MS and as foods.
Estimation of Radon Flux Density Changes in Temporal Vicinity of the Shipunskoe Earthquake with Mw = 7.0, 17 August 2024 with the Use of the Hereditary Mathematical Model
Authors: Tverdyi Dmitrii , Makarov Evgeny , Parovik Roman
Published: January 2025

Using the data of radon accumulation in a chamber with excess volume at one of the points of the Kamchatka subsurface gas-monitoring network, the change in radon flux density due to seismic waves and post-seismic relaxation of the medium is shown. A linear fractional equation is considered to be a model equation. The change of radon-transport intensity due to changes in the state of the geo-environment is described by a fractional Gerasimov–Caputo derivative of constant order. Presumably, the order of the fractional derivative is related to the radon-transport intensity in the geosphere. Using the Levenberg–Marquardt method, the optimal values of the model parameters were determined based on experimental data: air exchange coefficient and order of fractional derivative, which allowed the solving of the problems of radon flux density determination. Data in the temporal neighborhood of a strong earthquake with Mw=7.0, which occurred in the northern part of Avacha Bay on 17 August 2024, were used. As a result of the modeling, it is shown that the strong seismic impact and subsequent processes led to changes in the radon flux in the accumulation chamber. The obtained model curves agree well with the real data, and the obtained estimates of radon flux density agree with the theory.
Advances and Future Trends in Nanozyme-Based SERS Sensors for Food Safety, Environmental and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Wang Xingyu , Tang Xuemei , Ji Chengzhen , Wu Long , Zhu Yongheng
Published: January 2025

Nanozymes, a kind of nanoparticles with enzyme-mimicking activities, have attracted considerable attention due to their robust catalytic properties, ease of preparation, and resistance to harsh conditions. By combining nanozymes with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technology, highly sensitive and selective sensors have been developed. These sensors are capable of detecting a wide range of analytes, such as foodborne toxins, environmental pollutants, and biomedical markers. This review provides an overview of recent advancements in the synthesis and surface modification of nanozymes, highlighting their ability to mimic multiple enzymes and enhance catalytic performance. In addition, we explore the development and applications of nanozyme-based SERS sensors in food contaminants, environmental pollutants, and biomedical markers. The review concludes with perspectives and challenges facing the field, involving the need for deeper understanding of nanozyme principles and mechanisms, development of standardized systems for characterization, and the engineering of nanozymes with tailored properties for specific applications. Finally, we discuss the potential for integrating various techniques with nanozymes to create multi-modal detection platforms, paving the way for the next generation of analytical tools in the fields of food safety, environmental monitoring, and biomedical diagnostics.
Charge Reversal of the Uppermost Arginine in Sliding Helix S4-I Affects Gating of Cardiac Sodium Channel
Authors: Kulichik Olga E. , Zaytseva Anastasia K. , Kostareva Anna A. , Zhorov Boris S.
Published: January 2025

Several mutations of the uppermost arginine, R219, in the voltage-sensing sliding helix S4I of cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5 are reported in the ClinVar databases, but the clinical significance of the respective variants is unknown (VUSs). AlphaFold 3 models predicted a significant downshift of S4I in the R219C VUS. Analogous downshift S4I, upon its in silico deactivation, resulted in a salt bridge between R219 and the uppermost glutamate, E161, in helix S2I. To understand how salt bridge elimination affects biophysical characteristics, we generated mutant channel R219E, expressed it in the HEK293-T cells, and employed the patch-clamp method in a whole-cell configuration. Mutation R219E did not change the peak current density but shortened time to the peak current at several potentials, significantly enhanced activation, enhanced steady-state inactivation and steady-state fast inactivation, and slowed recovery from inactivation. Taken together, these data suggest that mutation R219E destabilized the resting state of Nav1.5. Cardiac syndromes associated with mutations R219P/H/C/P or E161Q/K are consistent with the observed changes of biophysical characteristics of mutant channel R219E suggesting pathogenicity of the respective VUSs, as well as ClinVar-reported VUSs involving arginine or glutamate in homologous positions of several Nav1.5 paralogs.
The Diurnal Variation in Mitochondrial Gene in Human Type 2 Diabetic Mesenchymal Stem Cell Grafts
Authors: Horiguchi Michiko , Yoshihara Kenichi , Mizukami Yoichi , Watanabe Kenji , Tsurudome Yuya , Ushijima Kentaro
Published: January 2025

The application of regenerative therapy through stem cell transplantation has emerged as a promising avenue for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). Transplanted tissue homeostasis is affected by disturbances in the clock genes of stem cells. The aim of this study is to investigate the diurnal variation in mitochondrial genes and function after transplantation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (T2DM-ADSCs) from type 2 diabetic patients into immunodeficient mice. Diurnal variation in mitochondrial genes was assessed by next-generation sequencing. As a result, the diurnal variation in mitochondrial genes showing troughs at ZT10 and ZT22 was observed in the group transplanted with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells derived from healthy individuals (N-ADSC). On the other hand, in the group transplanted with T2DM-ADSCs, diurnal variation indicative of troughs was observed at ZT18, with a large phase and amplitude deviation between the two groups. To evaluate the diurnal variation in mitochondrial function, we quantified mitochondrial DNA copy number using the Human mtDNA Monitoring Primer Set, measured mitochondrial membrane potential using JC-1, and evaluated mitophagy staining. The results showed a diurnal variation in mitochondrial DNA copy number, mitophagy, mitochondrial membrane potential, and NF-kB signaling in the N-ADSC transplant group. In contrast, no diurnal variation was observed in T2DM-ADSC transplants. The diurnal variation in mitochondrial function revealed in this study may be a new marker for the efficiency of T2DM-ADSC transplantation.
Experimental Investigation of Heat-Damaged RC Slender Spiral Columns Repaired with CFRP Rope
Authors: Ashteyat Ahmed M. , Obaidat Ala’ Taleb
Published: January 2025

Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) is widely used in construction to extend the service life of building structures through the repair and rehabilitation of reinforced concrete (RC) columns. However, due to the difficulty of wrapping CFRP strips spirally around an RC spiral column, a flexible CFRP rope material has been developed as an alternative, which will be used as a spiral hoop for repairing circular columns. In this study, 12 RC spiral columns were constructed and tested under concentric load, considering slenderness ratio and spacing between CFRP rope and heat temperature, to investigate the RC spiral column’s behavior. These RC columns had three slenderness ratios with 17.75, 26.65, and 33.34 and were exposed to heat temperature of 600 °C for 3 h, then tested under compression. The results showed that as the slenderness ratio increases, the load capacity of RC spiral column decreases. The repaired specimens with a CFRP rope-with-slenderness ratio of 33.35 and 26.65 exhibited an increase in strength about (36% to 97%) and (30% to 88%), respectively. In all repaired specimens with a CFRP rope-of-slenderness ratio of 26.65 and 33.35, they showed a slight increase in ductility of about 2% compared with the heated specimen. However, they did not recover the ductility of the unheated specimen. Also, the specimens with a low slenderness ratio and repaired with CFRP at 300 mm showed a greater decrease in toughness and modulus of elasticity than in the specimens with a high slenderness ratio and repaired with CFRP at 150 mm. The repaired specimens with rope at 150 mm of spacing exhibited an increase in load capacity more than the repaired specimen with rope at 300 mm of spacing and reached a load capacity that was greater than what the unheated specimen reached in all groups. It can be shown that there is a significant effect of temperature on the behaviour of the RC spiral column. Adding rope at 300 mm of spacing restores the capacity and allows for a greater reach than the unheated load capacity of the specimens (about 4% to 11%). However, the specimens repaired with rope at 150 mm increased the load capacity by approximately 27.4% to 36.8% more than the unheated specimens in each group.
Tetrazenyl-, Imido-, and Azidoaluminate Derivatives of a Sterically Demanding Bis-Silazide Ligand
Authors: Liu Han-Ying , Schwamm Ryan J. , Kenar Jakub , Mahon Mary F. , Hill Michael S.
Published: January 2025

The potassium alumanyl [{SiNDipp}AlK]2 (SiNDipp = {CH2SiMe2NDipp}2; Dipp = 2,6-i-Pr2C6H3) reacts with organic azides via reductive N2 elimination. With the less sterically encumbered azides PhN3 and C10H15N3 (1-azidoadamantane), the putative initially formed aluminium imide undergoes facile [2 + 3] cycloaddition to provide the tetrazenylaluminates [{SiNDipp}Al-κ2-N,N′-({N(R)}2N2)]K (R = Ph, C10H15). In contrast, each Al(I) centre of [{SiNDipp}AlK]2 only reacts with a single equivalent of 2,4,6-Me3C6H2N3 to provide the imidoaluminate [{SiNDipp}AlN(2,4,6-Me3C6H2)(K∙C6H6)], which crystallises as a monomer and displays a short Al-N distance of 1.7040(13) Å. Attempts to synthesise the azide [{SiNDipp}AlN3] by reaction of [{SiNDipp}AlI] with an excess of KN3 resulted in exclusive formation of the bis(azido)aluminate [{SiNDipp}Al(N3)2K], which crystallises as an infinite 1-dimensional polymer propagated by μ-(1,3)-N3 bridging interactions between the potassium cations and azide anions. Although the THF-adducted azide [{SiNDipp}AlN3(THF)] may be synthesised and characterised by more stringent control of the reaction stoichiometry, the synthetic viability of this route remains compromised by competitive generation of [{SiNDipp}Al(N3)2K].
Citric Acid and Sodium Bicarbonate as an Alternative Carbon Dioxide Source for Mosquito Surveillance
Authors: Hong Christine , Brookes Victoria J. , Zadoks Ruth N. , Webb Cameron E.
Published: January 2025

Most mosquito surveillance programs rely on traps baited with carbon dioxide (CO2) to attract host-seeking mosquitoes. The source of CO2, traditionally dry ice or gas cylinders, poses operational challenges, especially in remote locations. CO2 production from citric acid and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) using low-cost intravenous fluid bags (‘acid traps’) was evaluated in laboratory experiments. Field trials then compared the efficacy of these acid traps with dry ice traps. Using a 2 × 2 Latin square style design, trapping locations were established at two sites in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (one urban and another peri-urban), to assess trap performance in diverse environments. The laboratory results showed CO2 production of sufficient amount and duration for overnight mosquito capture. Whilst field experiments showed that dry ice traps captured more mosquitoes (up to 59%) than acid traps, numbers were similar in the urban environment. At both sites, species composition was similar, with Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes notoscriptus, and Aedes vigilax predominantly collected, and these are known species of pest and public health concern. Further modifications to the acid traps could further improve CO2 output and trap efficiency.
Assessing the Validity of Diffusion Weighted Imaging Models: A Study in Patients with Post-Surgical Lower-Grade Glioma
Authors: van der Hoorn Anouk , Manusiwa Lesley E. , van der Weide Hiske L. , Sinnige Peter F. , Huitema Rients B. , Brouwer Charlotte L. , Klos Justyna , Borra Ronald J. H. , Dierckx Rudi A. J. O. , Rakers Sandra E. , Buunk Anne M. , Spikman Joke M. , Renken Remco J. , Bosma Ingeborg , Enting Roelien H. , Kramer Miranda C. A. , van der Weijden Chris W. J.
Published: January 2025

Background: Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is used for monitoring purposes for lower-grade glioma (LGG). While the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) is clinically used, various DWI models have been developed to better understand the micro-environment. However, the validity of these models and how they relate to each other is currently unknown. Therefore, this study assesses the validity and agreement of these models. Methods: Fourteen post-treatment LGG patients and six healthy controls (HC) underwent DWI MRI on a 3T MRI scanner. DWI processing included diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), white matter tract integrity (WMTI), neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), and fixel-based analysis (FBA). Validity was assessed by delineating surgical cavity, peri-surgical cavity, and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) in LGG patients, and white matter (WM) in HC. Spearman correlation assessed the agreement between DWI parameters. Results: All obtained parameters differed significantly across tissue types. Remarkably, WMTI showed that intra-axonal diffusivity was high in the surgical cavity and low in NAWM and WM. Most DWI parameters correlated well with each other, except for WMTI-derived intra-axonal diffusivity. Conclusion: This study shows that all parameters relevant for tumour monitoring and DWI-derived parameters for axonal fibre-bundle integrity (except WMTI-IAS-Da) could be used interchangeably, enhancing inter-DWI model interpretability.
Three-Month Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients Who Underwent Neurological Surgeries
Authors: Ponsumritchok Petnumnueng , Chaijaroen Praepattra , Ayurag Tin , Siritikul Nattaphan , Niprapan Piangrawee , Hantrakun Nonthakorn , Vongsfak Jirapong , Chai-Adisaksopha Chatree
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The incidences of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients undergoing neurological surgeries vary. The objectives were to assess the incidence and risk factors of VTE, bleeding and all-cause mortality in patients undergoing neurological surgery. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single center, a university-based hospital in Thailand. Inclusion criteria comprised patients aged 15 years or older who were admitted for elective or emergency neurosurgery. Patients with preoperative VTE diagnosed within three months or a history of anticoagulant use were excluded. Outcomes measured included the 90-day incidences of VTE, any bleeding, major bleeding, and mortality. Results: Between January 2021 and December 2022, a total of 626 patients were included. The mean age was 50.21 ± 17.37 years, and 55.27% were males. Thromboprophylaxis was administered to 86 patients (13.74%, 95% CI 11.14–16.69). Fourteen patients were confirmed to have symptomatic VTE, resulting in an incidence of 2.24%, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.23–3.72. Patients aged ≥75 years (HR 4.53; 95% CI 1.25–16.38; p = 0.021), those with cancer (HR 8.51; 95% CI 2.95–24.60, p <0.001), and those experiencing postoperative paraparesis/paralysis (HR 3.26; 95% CI 1.12–9.45; p = 0.030) were associated with an increased risk of postoperative VTE. Fifty-three patients (8.47%, 95% CI 6.41–10.93) experienced any bleeding, with 23 patients (3.67%, 95% CI 2.34–5.46) having major bleeding. The incidence of postoperative mortality was 6.55%, with a 95% CI of 4.74–8.78. Conclusions: This study revealed that elderly patients, those with cancer or those experiencing postoperative paraparesis/paralysis were at higher risk of VTE. These patients were likely to benefit from VTE prophylaxis.
A Retrospective, Observational and Descriptive Study of 111 Ventral Hernia Repairs: Is the Open Approach Already over the Hill?
Authors: Ammerata Giorgio , Currò Giuseppe , Sena Giuseppe , Ammendola Michele , Abbonante Francesco
Published: January 2025

Objectives: Incisional ventral hernia repair remains a challenging surgery for abdominal wall surgeons. We report the results at 48 months post-surgery regarding open ventral hernia repair (OVHR), analyzing the recurrence rate and incidence of chronic pain. Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study of 111 consecutive patients who underwent OVHR. Between January 2017 and December 2019, patient data were collected from a database and classified by hernia type. Through questionnaires and clinical examinations, the recurrence rate and incidence of chronic pain (measured using the VAS score and a Likert scale) were obtained. Results: In all patients, the hernia repair was performed via an open approach. Long-term follow-up (48 months after surgery) revealed that 20% of patients experienced mild chronic pain alongside the flanks, and the recurrence rate was 5%. Moreover, long-term follow-up revealed the following secondary outcomes: movement limitations in sports were reported in 7% of patients, and movement limitations during long walking were reported in 11% of patients. Conclusions: Our technique for OVHR is a safe procedure with a low rate of recurrence and chronic pain. Our future aim is to organize a prospective study.
Relationship Between Depression and Decreased Activity Level and Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 and/or Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Militaru Marius , Lighezan Daniel Florin , Tudoran Cristina , Zara Flavia , Bucur Adina , Militaru Anda Gabriela
Published: January 2025

Background: The interdependence between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2), atrial fibrillation (AF), and cognitive decline (CD)/dementia is a debated topic. In this study, we highlighted the influence of DM-2 and FA individually and in association on the severity of CD/dementia. Methods: This study comprises 248 patients with very high cardiovascular risk (VHCVR) according to Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE2), of whom 184 had DM-2 and/or AF, and 64 were age-matched controls (without DM-2/AF), admitted to the Municipal Hospital Timisoara. Results: Mini-Mental-State-Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Activities of Daily Living Score (ADL), and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Score (IADL) were significantly decreased, and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) increased in patients with DM-2 and AF in comparison to controls (p < 0.05), with the subjects with DM-2 and AF having more severe CD compared to those with only one of these two pathologies. The logistic regression model showed that the risk of CD (MMSE < 27) or dementia (MMSE < 24) increased significantly in patients with DM-2 and/or AF depending on the SCORE2 values, ADL, and GDS-15. In DM-2 and/or AF patients, an increase of 1% in SCORE2 was associated with an elevation of 2.40% in the odds of CD and of 4.30% of dementia. In these patients, depression (GDS score) increased the risk of CD by 36.3%, and if ADL improved, the risk of CD decreased by 44.0%. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a direct association between CD, DM-2, and AF with SCORE2, cognitive parameters, ADL, and depression. In patients with DM-2 and/or AF, it is important to identify subclinical CD to prevent the evolution to dementia.
Chlorpyrifos Acts as a Positive Modulator and an Agonist of N-Methyl-d-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptors: A Novel Mechanism of Chlorpyrifos-Induced Neurotoxicity
Authors: Sherif Mahmoud Awad , Carter Wayne G. , Mellor Ian R.
Published: January 2025

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a broad-spectrum organophosphate insecticide. Long-term exposure to low levels of CPF is associated with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. The mechanisms leading to these effects are still not fully understood. Normal NMDA receptor (NMDAR) function is essential for neuronal development and higher brain functionality, while its inappropriate stimulation results in neurological deficits. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the role of NMDARs in CPF-induced neurotoxicity. We show that NMDARs mediate CPF-induced excitotoxicity in differentiated human fetal cortical neuronal ReNcell CX stem cells. In addition, by using two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology of Xenopus oocytes expressing NMDARs, we show CPF potentiation of both GluN1-1a/GluN2A (EC50 ≈ 40 nM) and GluN1-1a/GluN2B (EC50 ≈ 55 nM) receptors, as well as reductions (approximately halved) in the NMDA EC50s and direct activation by 10 μM CPF of both receptor types. In silico molecular docking validated CPF’s association with NMDARs through relatively high affinity binding (−8.82 kcal/mol) to a modulator site at the GluN1–GluN2A interface of the ligand-binding domains.
From Policy to Practice: Assessing Carbon Storage in Fujian Province Using Patch-Generating Land Use Simulation and Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs Models
Authors: Nie Qin , Man Wang , Li Zongmei , Wu Xuewen
Published: January 2025

Simulating and predicting carbon storage under different development scenarios is crucial for formulating effective carbon management strategies and achieving carbon neutrality goals. However, studies that focus on specific regions and incorporate local policy context require further investigation. Taking Fujian Province as a case study, this research developed four policy-driven scenarios—natural development, farmland protection, urban development, and ecological protection—based on local policy frameworks. Using the PLUS (Patch-generating Land Use Simulation) and InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) models, the study simulated and predicted the carbon storage dynamics under each scenario. The results show that carbon storage declined from 1995 to 2020, mainly due to the conversion of forests and agricultural land into construction areas. The ecological protection scenario demonstrated the highest potential for carbon storage recovery, projecting an increase to 2.02 billion tons by 2030, driven by afforestation and conservation initiatives. Conversely, the urban development scenario posed the greatest risks, leading to substantial losses. Key conservation areas, including 12 priority districts, were identified in the western and northwestern regions, while coastal urban areas, comprising 31 vulnerable districts, face significant carbon storage losses. These findings emphasize the need for balanced land use policies that prioritize both urban development and ecological protection to achieve sustainable carbon management.
Dysmenorrhea Among Women Living in Saudi Arabia: Prevalence, Determinants, and Impact
Authors: Jareebi Mohammad A. , Almraysi Saja A. , Otayf Dhiyaa A. H. , Alneel Ghadeer A. , Zughaibi Areej H. , Mobarki Sarah J. , Oberi Imtenan A. , Alzahrani Hayam A. , Aldhowaihi Shatha A. , Alramadhan Zainab A. , Ryani Majed A. , Bahri Ahmed A. , Abutalib Nuha H. , Makein Nada M. , Alqassim Ahmad Y.
Published: January 2025

Dysmenorrhea, or painful menstruation, is one of the most prevalent conditions among adolescents and young females globally, significantly affecting academic performance, quality of life, and social interactions. Despite its high prevalence, dysmenorrhea has been rarely investigated in Saudi Arabia, resulting in a scarcity of national data. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, severity, and determinants of dysmenorrhea among females in Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study included 1026 participants recruited from various regions of Saudi Arabia using a convenience sampling technique. Data collection was conducted using a validated, self-administered online questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were utilized to evaluate the prevalence, severity, and associated symptoms of dysmenorrhea. Additionally, multiple logistic regression was employed to identify the determinants of dysmenorrhea within the sample. The analysis was performed using R software. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea among the sample was 87%, with a mean pain score of 6 ± 2.2. Common menstrual cycle-associated symptoms included mood swings (79%), abdominal bloating (60%), diarrhea (32%), and constipation (26%). Factors associated with an increased risk of dysmenorrhea included Saudi nationality (OR = 1.96, p = 0.032), employment (OR = 1.75, p = 0.034), and a history of gynecological surgeries (OR = 1.81, p = 0.045). Conversely, multiparity was associated with a reduced risk of dysmenorrhea (OR = 0.36, p = 0.046). Dysmenorrhea is highly prevalent among Saudi women and is accompanied by significant menstrual symptoms that adversely affect quality of life. Understanding its determinants and associated symptoms is essential for improving management strategies and mitigating its impact on women’s lives.
Digital Image Correlation and Numerical Analysis of Mechanical Behavior in Photopolymer Resin Lattice Structures
Authors: Popławski Arkadiusz , Bogusz Paweł , Grudnik Maciej
Published: January 2025

Cellular structures are increasingly utilized in modern engineering due to their exceptional mechanical and physical properties. In this study, the deformation and failure mechanisms of two energy-efficient lattice structures—hexagonal honeycomb and re-entrant honeycomb—were investigated. These structures were manufactured using additive stereolithography with light-curable Durable Resin V2. The experimental testing of the topologies under two perpendicular loading directions employed the 3D Digital Image Correlation (DIC) system to capture strain fields and deformation patterns, providing insights into structural behavior and failure mechanisms. The unit cells of the topologies were scaled up to enable precise optical measurements while preserving their structural interaction characteristics. Numerical simulations, conducted using the SAMP-1 material model in LS-DYNA and calibrated with tensile and compression test data, accurately replicated the behavior of the studied topologies and demonstrated good agreement with experimental results. The hexagonal structure, loaded along axis 2, showed the best fit, with deviations within 5%, while the re-entrant honeycomb structure exhibited weaker yet reasonable agreement. By integrating experimental and numerical approaches, the research validates the SAMP-1 model’s predictive capabilities for lattice structures and provides a framework for analyzing energy-absorbing lattice topologies.
The Laguerre Constellation of Classical Orthogonal Polynomials
Authors: Costas-Santos Roberto S.
Published: January 2025

A linear functional u is classical if there exist polynomials ϕ and ψ with degϕ≤2 and degψ=1 such that Dϕ(x)u=ψ(x)u, where D is a certain differential, or difference, operator. The polynomials orthogonal with respect to the linear functional u are called classical orthogonal polynomials. In the theory of orthogonal polynomials, a correct characterization of the classical families is of great interest. In this work, on the one hand, we present the Laguerre constellation, which is formed by all the classical families for which degϕ=1, obtaining for all of them new algebraic identities such as structure formulas and orthogonality properties, as well as new Rodrigues formulas; on the other hand, we present a theorem that characterizes the classical families belonging to the Laguerre constellation.
Catastrophizing as a Predictor for Pain Perception and Disability Among Patients Undergoing Spinal Cord Stimulation
Authors: Vicente-Mampel Juan , Hernández-Zaballos Felipe , Falaguera-Vera Francisco Javier , Sánchez-Poveda David , Jaenada-Carrilero Eloy , Huertas-Ramírez Borja , Sánchez-Montero Francisco Jose
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: The International Society for Modulation defines persistent spinal pain syndrome type 2 (PSPS-type 2), formerly known as failed back surgery syndrome, as a condition where patients continue to experience pain or develop new pain following spinal surgery intended to alleviate back or lower-limb discomfort. PSPS-type 2 is characterized by pain and significant disability, affecting quality of life. Spinal cord stimulation has proven effective in treating this syndrome, although the role of psychological factors, such as pain catastrophizing and central sensitization, remain unclear. This study seeks to examine the potential connection between psychosocial responses and both functionality and pain perception in patients with persistent spinal pain syndrome type 2 who have undergone spinal cord stimulation treatment. Materials and Methods: A single-site, cross-sectional study was conducted on individuals diagnosed with persistent spinal pain syndrome type 2 who were receiving spinal cord stimulation. Study participants were required to meet specific eligibility criteria and were assessed for disability, pain perception, fear of movement, pain catastrophizing, and central sensitization. The spinal cord stimulation procedure involved the placement of electrodes at vertebral levels T8–T11 for precise pain control, with a particular focus on targeting the dorsal root ganglion to alleviate chronic pain. Results: Thirty-seven patients with persistent spinal pain syndrome type 2 have undergone spinal cord stimulation treatment for 4.68 ± 5.25 years. Clinical assessments indicated a pain perception score of 5.6 ± 1.96, Central Sensitization Inventory score of 42.08 ± 18.39, disability score of 37.62 ± 16.13, fear of movement score of 33.11 ± 8.76, and pain catastrophizing score of 28.43 ± 13.14. Finally, pain catastrophizing was significantly associated with pain perception (β = 0.075 and p = 0.008) and disability (β = 0.90 and p < 0.01). Conclusions: Catastrophizing plays a crucial role in pain perception and disability among patients with persistent spinal pain syndrome type 2 receiving spinal cord stimulation. Integrating psychological interventions may improve clinical outcomes for these patients.
Prenatal Detection of Silver–Russell Syndrome: A First Trimester Suspicion and Diagnostic Approach
Authors: Galeva Slavyana , Diglio Giuliana , Stoilov Boris , Uchikova Ekaterina , Pop Lucian
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: Silver–Russell Syndrome (SRS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by prenatal and postnatal growth restriction, distinctive facial features, and body asymmetry. Early suspicion during the first trimester remains challenging but crucial for optimizing clinical outcomes. This study aims to highlight a diagnostic approach to the early suspicion of SRS. Materials and Methods: A 28-year-old primigravida presented for routine first-trimester prenatal care. An ultrasound revealed asymmetric growth restriction with normal anatomical findings. The first-trimester biochemical markers, including PAPP-A and β-hCG, were within the normal range. A further evaluation, including amniocentesis and genetic testing, was performed. Results: Genetic testing identified hypomethylation at the 11p15 imprinting control region, confirming the diagnosis of SRS. Parental testing excluded the maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7, suggesting an epigenetic mechanism. The findings were consistent with a clinical diagnosis of SRS, and appropriate counseling and multidisciplinary management were initiated. Conclusions: This case underscores the importance of the early recognition of atypical growth patterns, the integration of advanced genetic testing, and multidisciplinary counseling to guide parental decision-making and improve outcomes.