bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Valipora minuta (Coil, 1950) (Cyclophyllidea: Gryporhynchidae) in Butorides striata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Aves: Ardeidae): The first record from Brazil and a new definitive host record
Authors: Pinto Hudson Alves , Mati Vítor Luis Tenório , Melo Alan Lane de
Published: May 2016

The gryporhynchid tapeworm Valipora minuta (Coil, 1950) found in Butorides striata (Linnaeus, 1758) from Pampulha dam, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, which represents a new definitive host, is reported from South America for the first time. The morphology of the cestodes found is briefly described and compared with previous reports and closely related species.
Distribution and natural history notes on Tachymenis chilensis chilensis (Schlegel, 1837) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Dipsadidae) in Argentina
Authors: Giraudo Alejandro R. , Vidoz Félix , Arzamendia Vanesa , Nenda Santiago J.
Published: May 2016

We revisit the distribution and natural history data of Tachymenis chilensis chilensis (Schlegel, 1837) in Argentina based on compiled and novel records, extending its northern and southern distribution from the previously known localities in Argentina. We recorded two prey items in Argentinean populations: Rhinella rubropunctata, reported for the first time, and Liolaemus pictus. Tachymenis c. chilensis is mainly found in forested habitats, generally near wetlands with abundant populations of amphibians. The latitudinal range occupied by T. c. chilensis in Argentina is similar to that in Chile, but its northern distribution limit reaches the lowest latitudes in Chile. This is probably due to the higher humidity levels in the western slopes of the Andes and the barrier effect of the highest mountain ranges in this area.
Species of Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda) from the phytal of Porto de Galinhas coral reefs, northeastern Brazil
Authors: Sarmento Visnu Cunha , Santos Paulo Jorge Parreira
Published: May 2016

The coral reefs of Porto de Galinhas Beach (Pernambuco, Brazil, Northeast region) are among the most important tourist destinations in the country. However, this ecosystem is being increasingly threatened by impacts related to tourism. A first list of the Harpacticoida species found in the phytal of these reefs is provided here. The total of 1501 individuals analyzed included 42 species belonging to 13 families and 32 genera. The dominant species were Parastenhelia spinosa, Amphiascoides sp., Robertsonia knoxi, Ameira parvula, Paralaophonte congenera congenera and Amphiascopsis cinctus. First records for the Brazilian coast include the subspecies Nitocra affinis californica and nine species: Nannomesochra arupinensis, Cletodes aff. pseudodissimilisoris, Esola lobata, Paralaophonte congenera (sensu Yeatman 1962), Sarsamphiascus parvus (sensu Rouch 1962), Rhyncholagena littoralis, Stenhelia gibba, Alteutha roeae and Xouthous purpurocinctus. The high diversity and the isocommunity hypothesis are discussed.
First record of Colobosaura modesta (Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862) (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) to the Cariri region, state of Ceará, Brazil, with a map of its geographical distribution
Authors: Freire Eliza Maria Xavier , Jorge Jaqueiuto Da Silva , Ribeiro Leonardo Barros
Published: May 2016

We provide a new record of Colobosaura modesta for the state of Ceará and a distribution map for the species. The record for the municipality of Crato represents a distribution extension of ca. 270 km southeastern from the municipality of Crateús, Ceará, the closest known record.
Flowering plants of Rajiv Gandhi (Nagarahole) National Park, Karnataka, India
Authors: Manikandan Ramasamy , Lakshminarasimhan Pakishirajan
Published: May 2016

The Rajiv Gandhi National Park encompasses a rich biodiversity of both flora and fauna and is regarded as one of the richest protected areas in Asia. It is a part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve and covers foot-hills of the Brahmagiri hill ranges in the Western Ghats, which is one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots and epicenter of Indian endemics harbouring species-rich-habitats and supporting a high biodiversity. This is evident in its flowering plants diversity brought to focus during the present study. The National Park spreads over an area of 643.39 km2, harbours 1337 species, 14 subspecies and 34 varieties of Angiosperms distributed over 754 genera and 152 families. Notably 110 species of these are endemic. A complete inventory of all the recorded species is provided here.
Fishes from first order streams of lower Paranapanema and Ivaí rivers, upper Paraná River basin, Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Cionek Vivian De Mello , Sacramento Patricia Almeida , Zanatta Naiara , Ota Rafaela Priscila , Corbetta Daiany De Fatima , Benedito Evanilde
Published: May 2016

This study was developed as a research of first order streams fish assemblages located in two Conservation Units in Northwestern Paraná, Brazil, with the purpose of providing information about ichthyofauna composition of these water bodies while they are still under protection. There were captured 2,557 individuals belonging to six orders, nine families and 10 species in three streams. The most abundant species were Phalloceros harpagos (44%) from Conceição stream, Astyanax aff. paranae (14%) and P. harpagos (12%) from Jurema stream, and Melanorivulus apiamici (9%) from Conceição stream. Trichomycterus sp. could not be identified into a specific level, meaning it can represent an undescribed species to science, registered for the first time at the upper Paraná River basin.
Fishes of the Du Chaillu Massif, Niari Depression, and Mayombe Massif (Republic of Congo, west-central Africa): a list of species collected in tributaries of the upper Ogowe and middle and upper Kouilou-Niari River basins
Authors: Mamonekene Victor , Stiassny Melanie L.J.
Published: May 2016

A list of fishes collected in rivers of the Du Chaillu Massif, Niari Depression, and Mayombe Massif in the Republic of Congo is provided. Few previous collections have been made and the region is poorly known ichthyologically, however several large mining projects are under development while logging and artisanal gold mining is already underway. One hundred and two species distributed in 22 families are reported, and 11 of these represent putatively new species. The high number of undescribed species recorded in the present study serves to highlight the importance of efforts to fully document the region’s ichthyofauna prior to the realization of major infrastructure projects that will undoubtedly impact aquatic habitats.
Epigeic ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in vineyards and grassland areas in the Campanha region, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Rosado João L. O. , Gonçalves Michel G. de , Dröse William , E. e Silva Eduardo J. , Krüger Rodrigo F. , Feitosa Rodrigo M. , Loeck Alci E.
Published: May 2016

In order to characterize the epigeic myrmecofauna in fields and vineyards in the physiographic region of Campanha, located in the Pampa biome, state of Rio Grande do Sul, inventories were conducted on three farms. On each farm, samples were collected in three environments: the rows in the vineyards, the spaces between rows in the vineyards, and the adjacent areas, with vegetation similar to that which preceded the establishment of crops. In each environment, 20 points were sampled using pitfall traps. We collected 72 species distributed among 24 genera and seven subfamilies. The study provides the first inventory of the ant fauna in the region, contributing with new records for the state of Rio Grande do Sul and for Brazil. It is hoped that this inventory will stimulate further studies on the biodiversity of this biome that is still poorly known.
Intertidal rockpool icthyofauna of El Pital, La Libertad, El Salvador
Authors: González-Murcia Saúl , Marín-Martínez Cindy , Ayala-Bocos Arturo
Published: May 2016

The composition of the rockpool fish community of El Pital was described. A total of 29 rockpools with volumes ranging from 0.12 to 0.83 m3 were sampled from March to September 2009 using dip nets and clove oil anesthetic solution. A total of 106 fishes belonging to 19 species were captured. The most abundant species were Bathygobius ramosus, Abudefduf concolor, Mugil curema and Mugil hospes, representing 66% of all fishes collected. Resident fish comprised 32%, transients comprised 60%, and accidental visitors comprised 8%. High percentages of juvenile fish were recorded (87%), showing that the intertidal zone may act as an important nursery site for fish.
Tortoise beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae) captured with Malaise traps on PROFAUPAR and PROVIVE projects (Paraná, South Brazil)
Authors: Fernandes Flávia Rodrigues , Linzmeier Adelita Maria
Published: May 2016

A list of Cassidinae s. str. species collected with Malaise traps on PROFAUPAR and PROVIVE projects conducted in Paraná, Southern Brazil, is presented. Along four years of sampling, 176 specimens of Cassidinae s.str. were collected totalizing 16 genera and 39 species. Among them, 22 species represent new records to Paraná, 11 are new registers to South Brazil and one species, Microctenochira achardi (Spaeth, 1926), is registered to Brazil for the first time. The richest genera were Charidotis, with 12 species, followed by Microctenochira, with seven species and Charidotella, with three species. The most abundant species was Charidotis consentanea (Boheman, 1855), with 26 specimens.
Axianassa australis Rodrigues and Shimizu, 1992 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Gebiidea: Axianassidae): first record from Sergipe, NE Brazil
Authors: Rosa Leonardo C. , Almeida Alexandre O.
Published: May 2016

The western Atlantic mud-shrimp Axianassa australis Rodrigues and Shimizu, 1992 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Gebiidea: Axianassidae), known from Florida, Gulf of Mexico and Brazil, is firstly recorded from the state of the Sergipe, NE Brazil, filling a gap in the species distribution along Brazilian coast.
New distributional records of Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Puducherry, India
Authors: Manickavasagam S. , Rameshkumar A.
Published: May 2016

Thirty six genera and forty species of encyrtid parasitoids are reported as new records from Pondicherry and Karaikal districts of Union Territory of Puducherry (=Pondicherry), India.
New records of the snake Leptophis diplotropis (Günther, 1872) (Squamata: Colubridae) from Hidalgo State, México
Authors: Berriozabal-Islas Christian , Ramírez-Bautista Aurelio , Saldaña Luis M. Badillo , Cruz-Elizalde Raciel
Published: May 2016

We report three new records of the snake Leptophis diplotropis from the southeastern and northern regions of Hidalgo State, México. These records represent the first observations of this species in the state of Hidalgo, and represent a range extension of 122.7 km north from the nearest record in Tochimilco, Puebla, México. These new records of L. diplotropis represent the best knowledge of its distribution in the Sierra Madre Oriental.
Główne tendencje w handlu zagranicznym nowych państw członkowskich (UE-10) po akcesji do Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Polan Wojciech
Published: May 2016

The aim of the article was to present the results of an analysis of major trends in foreign trade in the 10-year period following the largest eastern EU enlargement (2004–2013). Accession to the European Union meant a significant change in New Member States’ trade terms, both with other accession countries and EU-15 and third countries. The analysis focuses on the growing role of foreign trade as one of the important factors of economic development of the EU-10 and the increased integration of these countries into the global economy after accession. The statistical aspect of the study focused on the analysis of import and export growth (flows and dynamics), the structure of trade by SITC and BEC commodity groups, concentration indicators (such as the Gini coefficient and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index) and the similarity of the structures of exchange. The conclusions from this research enabled the identification of arguments for the thesis that structural changes which resulted from trade liberalisation within the EU integration processes helped improve the international competitive position of the EU-10 states.
Bezpieczeństwo żywnościowe a polityka handlowa krajów rozwijających się
Authors: Hajdukiewicz Agnieszka
Published: May 2016

Ensuring food security continues to be a challenge for many governments. This article aims to analyse the situation of food security in developing countries in the context of their trade policy. In particular it discusses the effects of trade liberalisation on the supply and availability of food. It also analyses the trade policy actions and measures taken by selected developing countries in response to the food crisis caused by rising prices of agricultural products. Based on a review of the literature and analysis of FAO statistical data, the study indicates that both of the main options – greater liberalisation or protectionism – entail certain costs and are linked to other areas of economic policy. The most appropriate strategy to improve food security seems to rely on a combination of actions leading to increased agricultural productivity, greater transparency and regulatory stability and greater trade openness, while maintaining a range of special and differential treatments for developing countries in international trade.
Globalizacja a sytuacja ekonomiczna kobiet w Meksyku
Authors: Królik Anna
Published: May 2016

The purpose of the article was the answer to determine whether globalization has an impact on the economic situation of women in Mexico. It also presents the current model of life and its impact on the situation of people in the poorest countries. Today, thanks to the media, information quickly orbits the entire globe, reaching even its remotest corners. Therefore, in Mexico they are beginning to apply standards which until recently were only applied in Europe or North America. The role of women is no longer confined to the role of wives and mothers, they are becoming professionally and socially active. However, there is still a lot to be done in Mexico. First of all, there is a need for greater understanding and support of society as a whole. Men and women alike should get involved in the fight to improve the situation of working women, as well as creating equal opportunities for them on the labour market. The phenomenon of globalisation involves changes in all spheres of life all over the globe. The situation of women living in developing countries is improving every year, mainly due to greater public awareness and understanding of the necessary changes. The role of the State, which has to this point been negligible, is also of great importance. However, the forecasts are very positive and show there will be a change for the better in the coming years.
Zarządzanie konfliktem w organizacji działającej w międzynarodowym otoczeniu – wpływ kultury narodowej
Authors: Schroeder Jerzy
Published: May 2016

The study compares the preferences for conflict management of employees from different national cultures. The study of the way people from different cultures manage conflict is crucial in today’s globalised world, especially in a multicultural workforce. People from different cultures often have different goals, values and assumptions concerning many aspects of conflict interaction. These differences can create conflict situations. Individualism-collectivism appears to be the most influential factor in determining how people from different cultures manage conflict. Interpersonal styles of conflict management fall into five categories: integrating, obliging, dominating, avoiding and compromising. Studies on conflict management suggest that people from individualistic cultures tend to prefer a conflict-dominant management style, whereas people from collectivistic cultures tend to prefer obliging and avoiding conflict management styles. Finally, the paper presents models for resolving cross-cultural conflict created by M. Kozan (harmony model, confrontational model and regulative model) and by C. Clarke and D. Lipp (the seven-step conflict resolution model). The findings of this study suggest that managers should consider cultural differences in conflict management when diagnosing and intervening in conflict situations in different cultures.
The analysis of efficacy of the use of inhibitor interleukin-1 in the complex therapy of secondary osteoarthritis taking into account the dynamics of clinical and functional indicators
Authors: Starodubtseva I. A. , Vasilieva L. V. , Nikitin A. V.
Published: May 2016

Backgraund: Secondary osteoarthritis (OA) adversely affects an underlying disease and can enhance clinical manifestations of articular syndrome. Early detection of comorbid pathology and early treatment with the therapy of underlying condition is of primary importance to preserve adequate functional activity in patients.The Aims to analyze the efficacy of the use of inhibitor of interleukin -1 in the complex treatment of secondary OA in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Materials and methods: 248 patients with secondary OA in RA were divided in 4 groups: patients of group I (n=62) took inhibitor of interleukin-1 (50mg x 2 times per day) in combination with laser therapy on the basis of methotrexate (10-20 mg per week), group II (n=60) received inhibitor of interleukin-1 in complex with methotrexate, in group III (n=62)-laser therapy with methotrexate and in group 4 – methotrexate. The analysis of treatment efficacy we estimated in 3 and 6 months according to the dynamics of pain on VAS, indexes HAQ and KOOS. Results: group 1 showed statistical significant reduction of pain on VAS on movement after 3 and 6 months on 28,53 mm (43,6%) and 31,3 мм (48%) accordingly, to values 36,87±1,56* и 33,11±1,11* (p0,05). It was noted the statistical significant advantages of HAQ dynamics in group I in comparison with groups II, III, IV (p=0,03). The most prominent statistical significant (p=0,02) significant advantages according to the dynamics of index KOOS it was noted in groups of patients who took diacerein (I and II) after 6 months complex treatment.Conclusions: the involvement of inhibitor of interleukin -1 in the complex treatment of secondary OA in patients with RA contributes to clinical improvement according to VAS (p=0,03), index KOOS, that shows functional condition of the knee and increase the quality of life by index HAQ (p=0,03) after 6 months therapy.
Influence fatty acids on oxygen consumption by isolated rat cardiomyocytes in ischemic or diabetic heart disease
Authors: Afanasiev S. A. , Egorova M. V. , Kutsykova T. V. , Popov S. V.
Published: May 2016

Background: one of the reasons of violation of the functional viability of the myocardium is considered to be the shortage oxygen and energy of the myocardium. Its reason is the inhibitory effect of fatty acids on glucose oxidation. Recently, however, new data have been published, proving the need for and importance of fatty acids in the maintenance and regulation of the functional activity of the myocardium in chronic pathology.Objective: to investigate the influence of free polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids (FA) on the oxygen uptake of isolated cardiomyocytes in intact rats and animals with ischemic or diabetic heart disease.Methods: executed non-randomized controlled study. Considered 3 groups of male rats of Wistar line (weight 250-300 g) with 10 animals in each group. Myocardial infarction ("heart attack") caused by ligation of the left coronary artery, and diabetes ("diabetes") – intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The group "control" was presented intact animals. Myocardial infarction caused by ligation of the left coronary artery, and diabetes by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Isolated cardiac myocytes were obtained by enzymatic method. Oxygen consumption was assessed polarographically at different saturation incubation medium with oxygen ([O2] £8 mg/l and ([O2] ≥16 mg/l).Results: As the fatty acid used arachidonic and palmitic acid. It is established that the introduction to the incubation medium 20 μm arachidonic or palmitic fatty acid significantly increased the oxygen consumption of intact cardiomyocytes of rats. Both at the ischemic and at diabetic defeat of heart was obtained the opposite result. The most pronounced decrease of oxygen consumption are shown in diabetes mellitus.Conclusion: Conclude that the inhibitory effect of LCD on the rate of oxygen consumption during the at the ischemic and at diabetic defeat of heart may be due to their influence on the barrier function of mitochondrial membranes of cardiomyocytes, the activity of membrane-associated enzymes and their associated processes.
Hepatobiliary system diseases as the predictors of psoriasis progression
Authors: Smirnova Svetlana Vital'evna , Barilo Anna Aleksandrovna , Smol'nikova Marina Viktorovna
Published: May 2016

Purpose of the study. To assess the state of the hepatobiliary system in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in order to establish a causal relationship and to identify clinical and functional predictors of psoriatic disease progression.Methods. The study included patients with extensive psoriasis vulgaris (n = 175) from the age of 18 to 66. Divided into 3 groups: 1 – psoriasis patients with isolated skin lesions (n = 77), 2 – patients with psoriatic arthritis (n = 98), 3 – apparently healthy blood donors (n = 30), matched by sex and age. The evaluation of functional state of the hepatobiliary system was performed by analysis of the clinical and anamnestic data and by the laboratory- instrumental methods.Results. Identified predictors psoriasis: triggers (stress and nutritional factor),  increased total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase, eosinophilia, giardiasis, carriers of hepatitis C virus, and changes focal ductal formation in the liver , thickening of the walls of the gallbladder by ultrasound. Predictors of psoriatic arthritis: age over 50 years, dyspeptic complaints, the presence of hepatobiliary system diseases, the positive right hypochondrium syndrome, the clinical symptoms of chronic cholecystitis, excess body weight, high  levels of bilirubin, cholesterol and low density lipoprotein, hepatomegaly, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Conclusion. High activity of hepatocytes cytolysis, cholestasis, inflammation, metabolic disorders can be considered psoriatic arthritis as a severe clinical stage psoriatic disease where the hepatobiliary system, in turn, is one of the main target organs in systemic psoriatic process. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic cholecystitis are predictors of psoriatic disease progression.
Melanoma and human papillomaviruses: is there an outlook for study? Review of the literature
Authors: Volgareva G. M. , Mikhaylova I. N. , Golovina D. A.
Published: May 2016

Melanoma is one of the most aggressive human malignant tumors. Its incidence and mortality are growing steadily. Ultraviolet irradiation is the main risk factor for melanoma, however it seems not to be the sole environmental factor involved in melanomagenesis.Probability of viral etiology of melanoma has been discussed for a long time. Human papillomaviruses have been mentioned among candidates for its etiologic agents. Much interest in these viruses is due to the fact that powerful carcinogens causing cervical cancer and some other cancer types are members of this group. The aim of the review is analysis of literature data on association of melanoma with human papillomaviruses.Several groups found papillomaviruses in skin melanomas as well as in mucous ones; viruses if high oncogenic risk were detected in some cases. In majority of the studies in which viral DNA-positive melanomas were found testing for viral genome expression was not done. Objective difficulty of such studies is the problem of negative control as papillomaviruses are being routinely found in normal skin and mucous membranes thus creating justifiable threat of tumor specimen contamination with viral DNA in vivo. Complex approach might become helpful in overcoming this obstacle: detecting of viral DNA, viral oncogenes’ mRNAs and corresponding proteins.There are limited data on aggravation of the disease prognosis in papillomavirus-positive melanomas. However systematic observation of some sizeable patients’ contingents differing in the given tumor character has not been performed yet.The problem of melanoma association with human papillomaviruses remains unsolved
Capillary Rarefaction Associates with Albuminuria: The Maastricht Study
Authors: Martens Remy J.H. , Henry Ronald M.A. , Houben Alfons J.H.M. , van der Kallen Carla J.H. , Kroon Abraham A. , Schalkwijk Casper G. , Schram Miranda T. , Sep Simone J.S. , Schaper Nicolaas C. , Dagnelie Pieter C. , Muris Dennis M.J. , Gronenschild Ed H.B.M. , van der Sande Frank M. , Leunissen Karel M.L. , Kooman Jeroen P. , Stehouwer Coen D.A.
Published: May 2016

Albuminuria may be a biomarker of generalized (i.e., microvascular and macrovascular) endothelial dysfunction. According to this concept, endothelial dysfunction of the renal microcirculation causes albuminuria by increasing glomerular capillary wall permeability and intraglomerular pressure, the latter eventually leading to glomerular capillary dropout (rarefaction) and further increases in intraglomerular pressure. However, direct evidence for an association between capillary rarefaction and albuminuria is lacking. Therefore, we examined the cross-sectional association between the recruitment of capillaries after arterial occlusion (capillary density during postocclusive peak reactive hyperemia) and during venous occlusion (venous congestion), as assessed with skin capillaroscopy, and albuminuria in 741 participants of the Maastricht Study, including 211 participants with type 2 diabetes. Overall, 57 participants had albuminuria, which was defined as a urinary albumin excretion ≥30 mg/24 h. After adjustment for potential confounders, participants in the lowest tertile of skin capillary recruitment during postocclusive peak reactive hyperemia had an odds ratio for albuminuria of 2.27 (95% confidence interval, 1.07 to 4.80) compared with those in the highest tertile. Similarly, a comparison between the lowest and the highest tertiles of capillary recruitment during venous congestion yielded an odds ratio of 2.89 (95% confidence interval, 1.27 to 6.61) for participants in the lowest tertile. In conclusion, lower capillary density of the skin microcirculation independently associated with albuminuria, providing direct support for a role of capillary rarefaction in the pathogenesis of albuminuria.
Impending Media Review
Authors: Gregory Mark A
Published: May 2016

In the March 2016 issue papers cover a range of topics that include the UK BBC charter review, film and television being affected by Internet clichés and an interesting look at digital currencies. Two historical articles on the bombing of Darwin and radio telephone surveying provide interesting reading about past telecommunications challenges. In Australia the government appears to be taking concerns raised by media organisations seriously and recent reductions in television licence fees point to the government’s impending media regulation review being more than just window dressing.
ENVIRONMENTALLY ORIENTED TAX LAW AND THE BRAZILIAN TAX SPECIES
Authors: Folloni André , Zelinski Renata Brindaroli
Published: May 2016

The theme of this paper is environmental taxation in Brazil and, more specifically, the function of tax in regard to environmental protection – taxation on fiscal and non-fiscal purposes –, as well as the possibilities and limits of the environmental use of tax species referred to in the Brazilian Constitution. The objectives are, on the one hand, to demonstrate that taxes can be created with an environmental orientation, and, on the other hand, to expose doctrinal divergences and convergences concerning the modalities of environmental taxation regarding its use in the different kinds of Brazilian tax, especially tax and contribution to intervene in the economic domain. The article uses bibliographic and legislation research as a method to show the reader the existence of agreements and disagreements among some of the authors who approach the subject. It concludes that, except for the divergence related to tax, the doctrine allows for the use of the several Brazilian tax species to contribute to environmental preservation.
ICMS VERDE PARA A REDUÇÃO DO DESMATAMENTO AMAZÔNICO: ESTUDO SOBRE UMA EXPERIÊNCIA RECENTE
Authors: Merlin Lise Vieira da Costa Tupiassu , Oliveira Adriano Carvalho
Published: May 2016

O presente artigo apresenta e analisa criticamente a recente instituição do ICMS Verde no Estado do Pará, dentro do contexto da busca pela redução desmatamento amazônico que determinou sua adoção. O ICMS Verde é visto como um vertente da política pública conhecida como ICMS Ecológico, que opera uma alteração nos critérios de redistribuição da parcela da receita obtida com a cobrança do  Imposto sobre operações relativas à circulação de mercadorias e serviços – ICMS pertencente aos Municípios, com base em elementos ambientais. É considerada como uma aplicação do federalismo fiscal em prol do desenvolvimento socioambiental dos Municípios brasileiros. Após apresentar o histórico e as características gerais da política do ICMS Ecológico, bastante utilizada no Brasil, passa-se ao estudo da modelagem normativa do ICMS Verde paraense, analisando-se, por conseguinte, algumas consequências advindas da aplicação prática de tais normas, evidenciando os paradoxos observados em relação ao objetivo de redução do desmatamento amazônico expressamente almejado.
CONTAMINAÇÃO POR CHUMBO, RISCOS, LIMITES LEGAIS E ALTERNATIVAS DE REMEDIAÇÃO
Authors: Souza Valmir de , Konrad Odorico , Gonçalves Junior Affonso Celso
Published: May 2016

A contaminação por chumbo constitui hoje uma das formas de contaminação do meio ambiente, tendo além dos teores naturais, os teores devidos a ações antrópicas, como indústria de baterias, automóveis, siderúrgicas, fertilizantes entre outros, apresentando grande potencial de dano aos organismos vivos. Com base nos dados da literatura, foi possível facilitar a compreensão acerca do risco ambiental que isso representa. Uma vez que na atualidade, a contaminação de chumbo continua significativa, e cresce cada vez mais, sendo que a legislação sobre o tema ainda é permissiva. Este cenário abre espaço para que o setor produtivo trabalhe dentro dos “limites” aumentando os teores de chumbo no solo e água, contaminando o meio ambiente e agravando os problemas na cadeia trófica. O objetivo desta pesquisa é mostrar os riscos do chumbo ao ambiente e a saúde dos organismos vivos, realizando uma análise da legislação vigente, expondo as principais fontes emissoras do metal, assim como apontar alternativas de remediação para ambientes contaminados.
RIGHTS OF NATURE: THE “BIOCENTRIC SPIN” IN THE 2008 CONSTITUTION OF ECUADOR
Authors: Neto Joaquim Shiraishi , Lima Rosirene Martins
Published: May 2016

The 2008 Ecuadorian Constitution built a particular system for environment protection, breaking the dominant paradigm characterized by an anthropocentric and utilitarian relation with nature. The Ecuadorian Constitution raised the nature of the condition "subject of rights". Such a conception is associated to "buen vivir" (Sumak Kawsay in Kichwa), which relates to the ways of life and world view of native peoples. Therefore, this article aims at understanding the social construction of this understanding of nature in the context of the processes experienced in Ecuador and called "New Latin American Constitutionalism". To meet the proposed objective, the methodology used was based on the survey and review of references related to the rights of nature, held in university libraries and at the Supreme Court of Ecuador, as well as on interviews with indigenous leaders, which served to guide reflections. As a result, the analysis of recent legal changes experienced in Ecuador invite us to a comparative reflection on the Brazilian environmental policy.
PLANIFICACIÓN TERRITORIAL Y SALUD
Authors: Oviedo Claudia Luján
Published: May 2016

Todos los habitantes gozan del derecho a un ambiente sano, equilibrado y apto para el desarrollo humano. El ambiente debe ser adecuado para que las actividades productivas satisfagan las necesidades presentes, sin comprometer las de las generaciones futuras. El ambiente y la calidad de vida son conceptos estrechamente relacionados, entonces, el objetivo de la actuación de los poderes públicos, en su función garantizadora,  es “mejorar la calidad de vida y defender y restaurar el ambiente”. La finalidad primordial que se asigna al Estado es la promoción del bien común, que en el siglo XXI se traduce como la obligación de alcanzar niveles aceptables de calidad de vida para sus poblaciones. Dicha función estatal responde a una concepción cualitativa del desarrollo que toma en consideración no sólo variables cuantitativas referidas a la producción y al incremento de ésta sino también los costes ambientales y sociales. Ya en la Declaración de Río de las Naciones Unidas 1992  se había afirmado en los Principios Nº 1  y 3  que el derecho al desarrollo de los diferentes países no era absoluto, y que se encontraba limitado – entre otros factores - por el respeto al ambiente, abriéndose paso así al principio del desarrollo sostenible, que “se ha convertido en un verdadero principio general del Derecho”.
Mātauranga Māori and Reproduction: Inscribing connections between the natural environment, kin and the body
Authors: Le Grice Jade Sophia , Braun Virginia
Published: May 2016

The reproduction of Indigenous people, who have experienced ongoing cultural and ethnic marginalization, has long been a source of contention in colonizing contexts. There is scope to further decolonize and reinvigorate traditional Indigenous knowledge that has relevancy and utility in contemporary lives. The present article engages a pūrākau (narrative) methodology (Lee, 2009) to construct a culturally relevant PhD literature review and synthesize a range of source materials to develop an account of traditional Māori knowledge (mātauranga Māori) pertaining to reproduction in a New Zealand context. Three areas are explored based on their novelty and distinctiveness from Western accounts of reproduction: connections between humans, spiritual domains and the natural environment; contextualization within social and familial structures; and a unique and refreshing view of masculine and feminine embodiment. Conclusions are drawn on novel implications of this knowledge for research and health services.
The accounts payable management practices of small, medium and micro enterprises in the Cape Metropolis, South Africa
Authors: Tabot Enow Samuel , Kamala Peter
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this article is to investigate the accounts payable management practices of small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) in the Cape Metropolis. The study is motivated by a lack of research on payable management practices of SMMEs in South Africa. Data are collected from a sample of 200 SMMEs by means of a closed-ended questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The findings of the study indicate that 70% of the sampled SMMEs purchase only on cash basis. Of the sampled SMMEs, 22% purchase on both cash and credit, while 8% purchase only on credit basis. Of those that purchase on credit, 72% pay their creditors promptly to take advantage of discount facilities. To manage their accounts payable, 52% of the SMMEs use computers. Only 43% settled accounts payable on the last day that the payment is due. The results further indicate that a lack of personnel and time are the main factors that inhibit the SMMEs from managing their accounts payable effectively. The above results suggest that SMMEs are inclined towards purchasing on cash or paying promptly when they purchase on credit, which could indicate that they had a lower bargaining power relative to that of suppliers who may have viewed these entities as risky ventures to which they were reluctant to extend credit terms. Based on the above findings, this study recommends that the SMMEs decision-makers be educated on the competitive advantages gained by buying on credit, most important of which are improving cash flow and building supplier relationship. In addition, the decision-makers may be trained, perhaps through Government intervention, on how to overcome the factors that inhibit them from managing their accounts payable effectively, by using computers. The Government may also provide guarantees to SMMEs’ suppliers to relax the credit terms extended to these entities. This study makes several original contributions to literature. It is the first study to investigate the accounts payable management practices of SMMEs in the Cape Metropolis. Entities whose management of accounts payable had up till now been neglected appeared in the prior research to their peril. Secondly, this study provides a unique insight into SMMEs management of their liquidity by focusing on their management of most immediate obligations (accounts payable), which are critical for these entities’ survival given their limited access to finance. The proposed study thus fills the gap in research on the accounts payable management practices employed by SMMEs in South Africa. Although various studies have been published on the accounts payable management practices on SMMEs in other countries, no study was found within the South African context. This study therefore contributes to the debate on the accounts payable management practices of SMMEs in a unique context of South Africa and inspires other researchers to investigate the same in other Metropolis in the country
Perspectives in Pediatric Pathology, Chapter 23. Testicular Pathology Secondary to Physical and Chemical Injury
Authors: Nistal Manuel , Paniagua Ricardo , González-Peramato Pilar , Reyes-Múgica Miguel
Published: May 2016

Testicles can be damaged by a variety of physical and chemical agents, ranging from trauma suffered in accidents or athletic activities, to diverse drugs or radiation used in cancer treatment. The immediate and long-term effects of these damaging agents at the testicular morphologic and functional levels are quite varied and may have significant impact on the fertility of the pediatric patient once reproductive age is reached.
Persisting transmission of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae due to an environmental reservoir in a university hospital, France, 2012 to 2014
Authors: Clarivet Béatrice , Grau Delphine , Jumas-Bilak Estelle , Jean-Pierre Hélène , Pantel Alix , Parer Sylvie , Lotthé Anne
Published: May 2016

In France, the proportion of episodes of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) with no recent stay or hospitalisation abroad is increasing. In this study, we investigate epidemiological links between apparently unrelated cases of OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp OXA-48) colonisation or infection. We genotyped detected organisms by repetitive sequence-based PCR, and used a dynamic registry of cases and contacts to cross-reference patients' hospital stays. Between 1 November 2012 and 28 February 2014, 23 Kp OXA-48 cases were detected in a university hospital in Montpellier, of which 15 were involved in three outbreaks: outbreaks I and II occurred in November 2012 and outbreak III in October 2013. Molecular comparison of bacterial strains revealed clonal identity between cases involved in outbreaks II and III and four single cases. Cross-referencing of hospital stays revealed that these single cases and the index case of outbreak III had occupied the same room. Active case search among former occupants of that room found an additional Kp OXA-48 carrier. A clonal strain was isolated from the sink of that room. The epidemiological link between the contaminated room and outbreak II remained undetected. This study is a reminder that environmental reservoirs should be considered as a source of CPE transmission.
Ongoing outbreak of invasive listeriosis due to serotype 1/2a Listeria monocytogenes, Ancona province, Italy, January 2015 to February 2016
Authors: Marini Emanuela , Magi Gloria , Vincenzi Chiara , Manso Esther , Facinelli Bruna
Published: May 2016

In the first seven weeks of 2016, five serotype 1/2a Listeria monocytogenes isolates were collected from patients with invasive listeriosis in Ancona province in Italy. These strains and six 1/2a isolates identified in 2015 in the same area were typed by ERIC-PCR and PFGE. A clonal relationship, documented between the two sets of isolates, suggested a listeriosis outbreak in Ancona that started most probably in 2015. Investigation into the source of infection is still ongoing.
Global Recession and Diamond Industry Workers: A Socio Economic Perspective
Authors: Sen Vinod , Solanki Mukesh Kumar , Kisan Jadhav Kishor
Published: May 2016

The recent globalization recession (2007-08) and its effect is all pervasive, the only 1 2 3 difference is of magnitude. Gems and Jewelry is of the largest contributor in India’s total export. Out of this total export of India diamond contributes more than 12 per cent. Gujarat is the one of the biggest player in diamond processing (cutting and polishing) and contributes about 72 per cent of the total exports of India. As diamond industry is mainly export based industry, during recession it adversely gets affected. This paper is an attempt to evaluate the effect of the global slowdown on the cutting and polishing worker. The paper is a case study of diamond industry workers of Surat based on the primary and secondary data that has been collected from 100 diamond cutting and polishing workers of the diamond industry located in Surat of Gujarat. The paper comes up with the conclusion that the recent recession adversely affected the socio-economic condition of the diamond worker and the scheme of social and economic benefits to the effected people fails miserably to support.

Economic Literature, Vol. XI (47-53), June 2013 
Editorial Vol.XII
Authors: Koirala Gehendreswor
Published: May 2016

Editorial board has pleasure to release this issue of Economic Literature, an annual Journal of Department of Economics, Prithvi Narayan Campus, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara (Volume XII, December 2014). Through the publication of this journal. We have been making efforts to promote the general advancement of economic knowledge, information and techniques of analysis since 1981. Our aim is to continue this tradition by publishing highly academic and policy oriented research papers and to provide platforms for enthusiastic scholars who like to publish their scholarly and analytical paper based on fresh research on the issues of interest around the discipline of economics. This issue incorporates analytical articles of contemporary issues of Nepalese economy including deposit mobilization in a commercial bank, government expenditure, multi-dimensional poverty in rural area, impact of remittance, index of human development, financial institution and management practices of graduates.

We strongly believe that University Departments should engage in research and disseminate the ideas and findings obtained through research to the scientific community for the enlightenment of knowledge, not just to deliver the existing knowledge in class rooms. We have firmly believed that it will not only enrich field of knowledge but also inspire the fresh graduates towards the culture of scientific research and thoughtful writings. If this publication contributed something to strengthen the culture, we will feel great satisfaction. It is, however, up to the reader to evaluate our endeavour.

It was not possible to offer this volume to the esteemed readers without the contributions of the authors of articles included in this issue. We, therefore, reverentially acknowledge the authors who have contributed to the journal. We would also like to thank to those who have assisted us by encouraging the course of this publication. Special thanks go to the campus administration for encouragement and support in various ways. The editorial board welcomes all the noble thoughts, constructive comments and suggestions.

Economic Literature Vol.12 2014
Nature of Multidimensional Poverty Incidence in Rural Nepal: Empirical Evidences from Bhalam VDC, Kaski
Authors: Bhattarai Lekha Nath
Published: May 2016

This paper attempts to exercise the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative’s methodology to measure the multidimensional poverty at the local (village) level. Various measures of Multidimensional poverty has been estimated and decomposed to the various sub groups of the sampled household of the then Bhalam VDC of the Kaski District, in West Nepal. Stratified random technique was applied to select the 150 sample households to conduct household survey to get required data for the measurement and analysis of poverty. The results of the analysis follows almost similar pattern of various measures of multidimensional poverty estimates of the Oxford latest study. It is also revealed from the study that multidimensional poverty incidence and intensity were highly associated with the household socioeconomic characteristics such as Caste and ethnicity, land holding, gender and educational level of the household head and the family size.

Economic Literature Vol.12 2014: 16-25
Socio - Economic Impact of Remittance on Households in Lekhnath Municipality, Kaski, Nepal
Authors: Dhungana Ananta Raj , Pandit Dipendra
Published: May 2016

The study aims to explore the impact of remittance on social and economic status at households. For this purpose, one hundred and forty seven households having migrant family member (at least one) were selected in Lekhnath Municipality of Kaski District, Nepal. The information was collected via interview by using structured interview schedule. Descriptive as well as inferential statistics were carried out to analyze the impact of remittance. Paired t-test was carried out to see the economic change before and after the remittance received. The impact of remittances on both economic status and the social status of the sampled households is remarkable. The perceived status of the household in the past migration period is better than that in the pre-migration period. Yearly remittance in a household is significantly associated with other socio-economic variables. So, overseas remittance has brought a qualitative change in children’s education and health status. An improvement in the economic status of migrant households, the involvement of the household in community development activities, and participation of the household in social organization have brought a positive change in the overall socio-economic status of the migrant households.

Economic Literature Vol.12 2014: 39-49
Natural Disaster and Heritage Tourism: A Study on the Impacts of Earthquake in Bhaktapur, Nepal
Authors: Kunwar Ramesh Raj , Chand Usha
Published: May 2016

The article reviews on the complex and intricate linkages between heritage and tourism, highlighting the importance of the heritage industry and the vulnerability the industry can face when confronted with a natural disaster such as earthquake. The article aims not just to introduce the Kathmandu Valley in the light of the seven World Heritage Sites but also aims to prioritize the devastation that the recent earthquake brought upon the ‘Living Heritage’, Bhaktapur. The article assesses the earthquake’s impact on tourism in Bhaktapur and finally sheds light upon the tourism recovery process that is undergoing along with the issues of heritage reconstruction with a comparison on what has been done and what has to be done for the overall purpose of tourism recovery.Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Education (Vol. 6), 2016, Pages: 1-39