bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetic Analysis of 64Cu-ATSM Dynamic PET in Human Xenograft Tumors in Mice
Authors: Li Fan , Jørgensen Jesper , Madsen Jacob , Kjaer Andreas
Published: March 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility to perform voxel-wise kinetic modeling on datasets obtained from tumor-bearing mice that underwent dynamic PET scans with 64Cu-ATSM and extract useful physiological parameters. Methods: Tumor-bearing mice underwent 90-min dynamic PET scans with 64Cu-ATSM and CT scans with contrast. Irreversible and reversible two-tissue compartment models were fitted to time activity curves (TACs) obtained from whole tumor volumes and compared using the Akaike information criterion (AIC). Based on voxel-wise pharmacokinetic analysis, parametric maps of model rate constants k1, k3 and Ki were generated and compared to 64Cu-ATSM uptake. Results: Based on the AIC, an irreversible two-tissue compartment model was selected for voxel-wise pharmacokinetic analysis. Of the extracted parameters, k1 (~perfusion) showed a strong correlation with early tracer uptake (mean spearman R = 0.88) 5 min post injection (pi). Moreover, positive relationships were found between late tracer uptake (90 min pi) and both k3 and the net influx rate constant, Ki (mean spearman R = 0.56 and R = 0.86; respectively). Conclusion: This study shows the feasibility to extract relevant parameters from voxel-wise pharmacokinetic analysis to be used for preclinical validation of 64Cu-ATSM as a hypoxia-specific PET tracer.
Research on the Stability of Open Financial System
Authors: Yang Haijun , Li Lin , Wang Deshen
Published: March 2015

We propose a new herd mechanism and embed it into an open financial market system, which allows traders to get in and out of the system based on some transition rates. Moreover, the novel mechanism can avoid the volatility disappearance when the population scale increases. There are three kinds of heterogeneous agents in the system: optimistic, pessimistic and fundamental. Interactions especially occur among three different groups of agents instead of two, which makes the artificial financial market more close to the real one. By the simulation results of this complex system, we can explain stylized facts like volatility clustering and find the key parameters of market bubbles and market collapses.
Elevated Levels of Endocannabinoids in Chronic Hepatitis C May Modulate Cellular Immune Response and Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation
Authors: Patsenker Eleonora , Sachse Philip , Chicca Andrea , Gachet María , Schneider Vreni , Mattsson Johan , Lanz Christian , Worni Mathias , De Gottardi Andrea , Semmo Mariam , Hampe Jochen , Schafmayer Clemens , Brenneisen Rudolf , Gertsch Jürg , Stickel Felix , Semmo Nasser
Published: March 2015

The endocannabinoid (EC) system is implicated in many chronic liver diseases, including hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection. Cannabis consumption is associated with fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), however, the role of ECs in the development of CHC has never been explored. To study this question, anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) were quantified in samples of HCV patients and healthy controls by gas and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoaclyglycerol lipase (MAGL) activity was assessed by [3H]AEA and [3H]2-AG hydrolysis, respectively. Gene expression and cytokine release were assayed by TaqMan PCR and ELISpot, respectively. AEA and 2-AG levels were increased in plasma of HCV patients, but not in liver tissues. Hepatic FAAH and MAGL activity was not changed. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), ECs inhibited IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 secretion. Inhibition of IL-2 by endogenous AEA was stronger in PBMC from HCV patients. In hepatocytes, 2-AG induced the expression of IL-6, -17A, -32 and COX-2, and enhanced activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) co-cultivated with PBMC from subjects with CHC. In conclusion, ECs are increased in plasma of patients with CHC and might reveal immunosuppressive and profibrogenic effects.
Evaluate the Interoperability of Document Format: Based on Translation Practice of OOXML and UOF
Authors: Lin Yaohu , Lin Xuelian , Li Ning , Mu Yongmin
Published: March 2015

Taking both OOXML and UOF standards as examples, we empirically evaluate the interoperability of office document formats from the view of translation practice. With the aim of covering the complete feature set of OOXML and UOF, a novel UOF-Open XML Translator is developed in this study. Thorough experiments demonstrate that our translator implements bidirectional conversion of 80.4% features perfectly and 9.9% features with acceptable discrepancy. Regarding the remaining 9.7% features, more efforts would be taken in future work.
Advances in Understanding Carboxysome Assembly in Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus Implicate CsoS2 as a Critical Component
Authors: Cai Fei , Dou Zhicheng , Bernstein Susan , Leverenz Ryan , Williams Eric , Heinhorst Sabine , Shively Jessup , Cannon Gordon , Kerfeld Cheryl
Published: March 2015

The marine Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus are the numerically dominant cyanobacteria in the ocean and important in global carbon fixation. They have evolved a CO2-concentrating-mechanism, of which the central component is the carboxysome, a self-assembling proteinaceous organelle. Two types of carboxysome, α and β, encapsulating form IA and form IB d-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, respectively, differ in gene organization and associated proteins. In contrast to the β-carboxysome, the assembly process of the α-carboxysome is enigmatic. Moreover, an absolutely conserved α-carboxysome protein, CsoS2, is of unknown function and has proven recalcitrant to crystallization. Here, we present studies on the CsoS2 protein in three model organisms and show that CsoS2 is vital for α-carboxysome biogenesis. The primary structure of CsoS2 appears tripartite, composed of an N-terminal, middle (M)-, and C-terminal region. Repetitive motifs can be identified in the N- and M-regions. Multiple lines of evidence suggest CsoS2 is highly flexible, possibly an intrinsically disordered protein. Based on our results from bioinformatic, biophysical, genetic and biochemical approaches, including peptide array scanning for protein-protein interactions, we propose a model for CsoS2 function and its spatial location in the α-carboxysome. Analogies between the pathway for β-carboxysome biogenesis and our model for α-carboxysome assembly are discussed.
Compressive Behavior of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete with End-Hooked Steel Fibers
Authors: Lee Seong-Cheol , Oh Joung-Hwan , Cho Jae-Yeol
Published: March 2015

In this paper, the compressive behavior of fiber-reinforced concrete with end-hooked steel fibers has been investigated through a uniaxial compression test in which the variables were concrete compressive strength, fiber volumetric ratio, and fiber aspect ratio (length to diameter). In order to minimize the effect of specimen size on fiber distribution, 48 cylinder specimens 150 mm in diameter and 300 mm in height were prepared and then subjected to uniaxial compression. From the test results, it was shown that steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) specimens exhibited ductile behavior after reaching their compressive strength. It was also shown that the strain at the compressive strength generally increased along with an increase in the fiber volumetric ratio and fiber aspect ratio, while the elastic modulus decreased. With consideration for the effect of steel fibers, a model for the stress–strain relationship of SFRC under compression is proposed here. Simple formulae to predict the strain at the compressive strength and the elastic modulus of SFRC were developed as well. The proposed model and formulae will be useful for realistic predictions of the structural behavior of SFRC members or structures.
Synthesis of Photochromic Oligophenylenimines: Optical and Computational Studies
Authors: Pérez Armando , Alonso Oscar , Borbolla Julián , Vásquez-Pérez José , Alonso Juan , Ayala Karina , Luna-Bárcenas Gabriel , Pandiyan Thangarasu , García Rosa
Published: March 2015

Phenyleneimine oligomers 4,4'-(((1E,1'E)-(((1E,1'E)-(1,4-phenylenebis-(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(2,5-bis(octyloxy)-4,1-phenylene))bis(methanylyl-idene))-bis(azanylylidene))dianiline (OIC1MS) and 7,7'-(((1E,1'E)-(((1E,1'E)-((9H-fluorene-2,7-diyl)bis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(2,5-bis(octyloxy)-4,1phenylene))bis- (methanylylidene))bis(azanylylidene))bis(9H-fluoren-2-amine) (OIC2MS) were prepared by means of conventional and mechanochemical synthesis and characterized by FT-IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR techniques. The optical properties of the compounds were studied in solution by using UV-visible spectroscopy, and the optical effects were analyzed as a function of solvent. The results show that OIC2MS exhibits interesting photochromic properties. Furthermore, the structural and electronic properties of the compounds were analyzed by TD-DFT. It was found that the mechanosynthesis is an efficient method for the synthesis of both tetraimines.
Functional Thermoplastic Materials from Derivatives of Cellulose and Related Structural Polysaccharides
Authors: Teramoto Yoshikuni
Published: March 2015

This review surveys advances in the development of various material functionalities based on thermoplastic cellulose and related structural polysaccharide derivatives. First, the dependence of thermal (phase) transition behavior on the molecular composition of simple derivatives is rationalized. Next, approaches enabling effective thermoplasticization and further incorporation of material functionalities into structural polysaccharides are discussed. These approaches include: (a) single-substituent derivatization, (b) derivatization with multi-substituents, (c) blending of simple derivatives with synthetic polymers, and (d) graft copolymerization. Some examples addressing the control of supramolecular structures and the regulation of molecular and segmental orientations for functional materials fabrication, which have especially progressed over the past decade, are also addressed. Attractive material functions include improved mechanical performance, controlled biodegradability, cytocompatiblity, and optical functions.
Nonlinear Optical Properties Tuning in Meso-Tetraphenylporphyrin Derivatives Substituted with Donor/Acceptor Groups in Picosecond and Nanosecond Regimes
Authors: Ao Guanghong , Xiao Zhengguo , Qian Xuemin , Li Zhongguo , Wang Yuxiao , Zhang Xueru , Song Yinglin
Published: March 2015

meso-Tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) and its two substituted derivatives (meso-tetrakis(4-cyanophenyl)porphyrin [TPP(CN)4] and meso-tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl)porphyrin [TPP(OMe)4]) were synthesized. Their nonlinear absorption and refraction properties were studied using the Z-scan technique in the picosecond (ps) and nanosecond (ns) regimes. The open aperture Z-scan results reveal that TPP and TPP(CN)4 display an identical reverse saturable absorption (RSA) character in the ps and ns regimes. While TPP(OMe)4 exhibits a transition from saturable absorption (SA) to RSA in the ps regime and a typical RSA character in the ns regime. The closed aperture Z-scan results show that TPP(CN)4 and TPP(OMe)4 have regular enhancement of the magnitude of nonlinear refraction as compared to their parent TPP in both the ps and ns regimes. In addition, the second-order molecular hyperpolarizabilities (γ) of these three porphyrins are calculated, and the γ values of TPP(CN)4 and TPP(OMe)4 are remarkable larger than that of TPP. The introduction of the electron-withdrawing group CN and the electron-donating group OMe into TPP has enhanced its nonlinear refraction and γ value, and tuned its nonlinear absorption (TPP(OMe)4), which could be useful for porphyrin-related applications based on the desired NLO properties.
Effects of Mitragynine and a Crude Alkaloid Extract Derived from Mitragyna speciosa Korth. on Permethrin Elimination in Rats
Authors: Srichana Kachamas , Janchawee Benjamas , Prutipanlai Sathaporn , Raungrut Pritsana , Keawpradub Niwat
Published: March 2015

Detoxification and elimination of permethrin (PM) are mediated by hydrolysis via carboxylesterase (CES). Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) contains mitragynine (MG) and other bioactive alkaloids. Since PM and MG have the same catalytic site and M. speciosa is usually abused by adding other ingredients such as pyrethroid insecticides, the effects of MG and an alkaloid extract (AE) on the elimination of PM were investigated in rats. Rats were subjected to single and multiple pretreatment with MG and AE prior to receiving a single oral dose (460 mg/kg) of PM. Plasma concentrations of trans-PM and its metabolite phenoxybenzylalcohol (PBAlc) were measured. The elimination rate constant (kel) and the elimination half-life (t1/2 el) of PM were determined, as well as the metabolic ratio (PMR). A single and multiple oral pretreatment with MG and AE altered the plasma concentration-time courses of both trans-PM and PBAlc during 8–22 h, decreased the PMRs, delayed elimination of PM, but enhanced elimination of PBAlc. Results indicated that PM–MG or AE toxicokinetic interactions might have resulted from the MG and AE interfering with PM hydrolysis. The results obtained in rats suggest that in humans using kratom cocktails containing PM, there might be an increased risk of PM toxicity due to inhibition of PM metabolism and elimination.
Learning to Rapidly Re-Contact the Lost Plume in Chemical Plume Tracing
Authors: Cao Meng-Li , Meng Qing-Hao , Wang Jia-Ying , Luo Bing , Jing Ya-Qi , Ma Shu-Gen
Published: March 2015

Maintaining contact between the robot and plume is significant in chemical plume tracing (CPT). In the time immediately following the loss of chemical detection during the process of CPT, Track-Out activities bias the robot heading relative to the upwind direction, expecting to rapidly re-contact the plume. To determine the bias angle used in the Track-Out activity, we propose an online instance-based reinforcement learning method, namely virtual trail following (VTF). In VTF, action-value is generalized from recently stored instances of successful Track-Out activities. We also propose a collaborative VTF (cVTF) method, in which multiple robots store their own instances, and learn from the stored instances, in the same database. The proposed VTF and cVTF methods are compared with biased upwind surge (BUS) method, in which all Track-Out activities utilize an offline optimized universal bias angle, in an indoor environment with three different airflow fields. With respect to our experimental conditions, VTF and cVTF show stronger adaptability to different airflow environments than BUS, and furthermore, cVTF yields higher success rates and time-efficiencies than VTF.
Determination of Optimum Viewing Angles for the Angular Normalization of Land Surface Temperature over Vegetated Surface
Authors: Ren Huazhong , Yan Guangjian , Liu Rongyuan , Li Zhao-Liang , Qin Qiming , Nerry Françoise , Liu Qiang
Published: March 2015

Multi-angular observation of land surface thermal radiation is considered to be a promising method of performing the angular normalization of land surface temperature (LST) retrieved from remote sensing data. This paper focuses on an investigation of the minimum requirements of viewing angles to perform such normalizations on LST. The normally kernel-driven bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) is first extended to the thermal infrared (TIR) domain as TIR-BRDF model, and its uncertainty is shown to be less than 0.3 K when used to fit the hemispheric directional thermal radiation. A local optimum three-angle combination is found and verified using the TIR-BRDF model based on two patterns: the single-point pattern and the linear-array pattern. The TIR-BRDF is applied to an airborne multi-angular dataset to retrieve LST at nadir (Te-nadir) from different viewing directions, and the results show that this model can obtain reliable Te-nadir from 3 to 4 directional observations with large angle intervals, thus corresponding to large temperature angular variations. The Te-nadir is generally larger than temperature of the slant direction, with a difference of approximately 0.5~2.0 K for vegetated pixels and up to several Kelvins for non-vegetated pixels. The findings of this paper will facilitate the future development of multi-angular thermal infrared sensors.
An Improved Electrochemical Aptasensor for Chloramphenicol Detection Based on Aptamer Incorporated Gelatine
Authors: Hamidi-Asl Ezat , Dardenne Freddy , Blust Ronny , De Wael Karolien
Published: March 2015

Because of the biocompatible properties of gelatine and the good afﬁnity of aptamers for their targets, the combination of aptamer and gelatine type B is reported as promising for the development of biosensing devices. Here, an aptamer for chloramphenicol (CAP) is mixed with different types of gelatine and dropped on the surface of disposable gold screen printed electrodes. The signal of the CAP reduction is investigated using differential pulse voltammetry. The diagnostic performance of the sensor is described and a detection limit of 1.83 × 10−10 M is found. The selectivity and the stability of the aptasensor are studied and compared to those of other CAP sensors described in literature.
Opportunity Costs of Carbon Emissions Stemming from Changes in Land Use
Authors: Lu Heli , Liu Guifang
Published: March 2015

The REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) mechanism allows carbon sinks to be used as carbon credits in order to offset emissions from other sources. However, this practice has raised a number of issues relating to financial incentives. In this study, we develop a spatially explicit model for predicting carbon emissions from deforestation that meet baseline levels as well as farmers’ opportunity costs (measured in US dollars per ton of CO2e) under three temporal scenarios with several potential discount rates for agricultural income. Additionally, we use two different accounting methods recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), including the average storage method and the “ton-year approach,” to evaluate emissions reductions. We find that farmers are more likely to prefer REDD in the short-run when discount rates are higher than 10%. However, further analysis indicates that opportunity costs would increase significantly over longer periods of time (middle-term schemes of 35 years or long-term schemes of 55 years), thereby dissuading farmers from choosing REDD. Our findings highlight the drawbacks in using REDD to mitigate global climate change and conserve forests based on farmers’ financial incentives.
Systemic Targeted Therapy for her2-Positive Early Female Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Evidence for the 2014 Cancer Care Ontario Systemic Therapy Guideline
Authors: Mates M. , Fletcher G.G. , Freedman O.C. , Eisen A. , Gandhi S. , Trudeau M.E. , Dent S.F.
Published: March 2015

Background: This systematic review addresses the question “What is the optimal targeted therapy for female patients with early-stage human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (her2)–positive breast cancer?” Methods: The medline and embase databases were searched for the period January 2008 to May 2014. The Standards and Guidelines Evidence directory of cancer guidelines and the Web sites of major guideline organizations were also searched. Results: Sixty publications relevant to the targeted therapy portion of the systematic review were identified. In four major trials (hera, National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-31, North Central Cancer Treatment Group N9831, and Breast Cancer International Research Group 006), adjuvant trastuzumab for 1 year was superior in disease-free survival (dfs) and overall survival (os) to no trastuzumab; trastuzumab showed no benefit in one trial (pacs 04). A shorter duration of trastuzumab (less than 1 year compared with 1 year) was evaluated, with mixed results for dfs: one trial showed superiority (finher), one trial could not demonstrate noninferiority (phare), another trial showed equivalent results (E 2198), and one trial is still ongoing (persephone). Longer trastuzumab duration (hera: 2 years vs. 1 year) showed no improvement in dfs or her and a higher rate of cardiac events. Newer her2-targeted agents (lapatinib, pertuzumab, T-DM1, neratinib) have been or are still being evaluated in both adjuvant and neoadjuvant trials, either by direct comparison with trastuzumab alone or combined with trastuzumab. In the neoadjuvant setting (neoaltto, GeparQuinto, Neosphere), trastuzumab alone or in combination with another anti-her2 agent (lapatinib, pertuzumab) was compared with either lapatinib or pertuzumab alone and showed superior or equivalent rates of pathologic complete response. In the adjuvant setting, lapatinib alone or in combination with trastuzumab, compared with trastuzumab alone (altto) or with placebo (teach), was not superior in dfs. The results of the completed aphinity trial, evaluating the role of dual her2 blockade with trastuzumab and pertuzumab, are highly anticipated. Ongoing trials are evaluating trastuzumab as a single agent without adjuvant chemotherapy (respect) and in patients with low her2 expression (National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-47). Conclusions: Taking into consideration disease characteristics and patient preference, 1 year of trastuzumab should be offered to all patients with her2-positive breast cancer who are receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. Cardiac function should be regularly assessed in this patient population.
Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy for Early Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Evidence for the 2014 Cancer Care Ontario Systemic Therapy Guideline
Authors: Freedman O.C. , Fletcher G.G. , Gandhi S. , Mates M. , Dent S.F. , Trudeau M.E. , Eisen A.
Published: March 2015

Background: Cancer Care Ontario’s Program in Evidence-Based Care (pebc) recently created an evidence-based consensus guideline on the systemic treatment of early breast cancer. The evidence for the guideline was compiled using a systematic review to answer the question “What is the optimal systemic therapy for patients with early-stage, operable breast cancer, when patient and disease factors are considered?” The question was addressed in three parts: cytotoxic chemotherapy, endocrine treatment, and her2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)–targeted therapy. Methods: For the systematic review, the literature in the medline and embase databases was searched for the period January 2008 to May 2014. The Standards and Guidelines Evidence directory of cancer guidelines and the Web sites of major oncology guideline organizations were also searched. The basic search terms were “breast cancer” and “systemic therapy” (chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, targeted agents, ovarian suppression), and results were limited to randomized controlled trials (rcts), guidelines, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Results: Several hundred documents that met the inclusion criteria were retrieved. Meta-analyses from the Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group encompassed many of the rcts found. Several additional studies that met the inclusion criteria were retained, as were other guidelines and systematic reviews. Summary: The results of the systematic review constitute a comprehensive compilation of high-level evidence, which was the basis for the 2014 pebc guideline on systemic therapy for early breast cancer. The review of the evidence for systemic endocrine therapy (adjuvant tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors, and ovarian ablation and suppression) is presented here; the evidence for chemotherapy and her2-targeted treatment—and the final clinical practice recommendations—are presented separately in this supplement.
Outcome of Patients with Pregnancy during or after Breast Cancer: A Review of the Recent Literature
Authors: Raphael J. , Trudeau M.E. , Chan K.
Published: March 2015

Background: An increasing number of young women are delaying childbearing; hence, more are diagnosed with breast cancer (BCa) before having a family. No clear recommendations are currently available for counselling such a population on the safety of carrying a pregnancy during BCa or becoming pregnant after treatment for BCa. Methods: Using a Web-based search of PubMed we reviewed the recent literature about BCa and pregnancy. Our objective was to report outcomes for patients diagnosed with BCa during pregnancy, comparing them with outcomes for non-pregnant women, and to evaluate prognosis in women diagnosed with and treated for BCa who subsequently became pregnant. Results: “Pregnancy and BCa” should be divided into two entities. Pregnancy-associated BCa tends to be more aggressive and advanced in stage at diagnosis than BCa in control groups; hence, it has a poorer prognosis. With respect to pregnancy after BCa, there is, despite the bias in reported studies and meta-analyses, no clear evidence for a different or worse disease outcome in BCa patients who become pregnant after treatment compared with those who do not. Conclusions: Pregnancy-associated BCa should be treated as aggressively as and according to the standards applicable in nonpregnant women; pregnancy after BCa does not jeopardize outcome. The guidelines addressing risks connected to pregnancy and BCa lack a high level of evidence for better counselling young women about pregnancy considerations and preventing unnecessary abortions. Ideally, evidence from large prospective randomized trials would set better guidelines, and yet the complexity of such studies limits their feasibility.
The Best Available Evidence ... All in One Place
Authors: Trudeau M.E.
Published: March 2015

I was delighted to be asked to act as guest editor of this Current Oncology supplement dedicated to breast cancer; it was the opportune time to publish the adjuvant breast cancer guidelines recently completed for Cancer Care Ontario’s Program in Evidence- Based Care [...]
VERHEAD CRANE ANTI-SWING SYSTEM BASED ON THE PONTRYAGIN’S MAXIMUM PRINCIPLE
Authors: Spruogis Bronislovas , Jakštas Arūnas , Gičan Vladimir , Turla Vytautas
Published: March 2015

Overhead cranes are widely used at industrial enterprises for transportation of materials and products. They are successfully adaptable to technological processes used at an enterprise and their exploitation is inexpensive; in addition, the price of cranes is relatively low. However, extension of requirements set for technological processes results in shortened time for transportation and stiffened requirements for accuracy of cargo delivery and cargo safety. In the attempts to satisfy the latter requirements, particular attention is paid to swings of the cargo-holding rope. There is a number of factors that cause increased requirements for the control system of the crane drive. The slewing movement affects the total system of the crane and aggravates the crane movement control. In modern overhead cranes, the abilities and qualification of an operator (who is assisted by a certain anti-swing system) predetermine the cargo swings and the accuracy of its positioning. The said circumstance latterly caused a particular attention to computerisation of overhead crane control. However, a nonlinearity of the mechanical system of a crane and complicated control of swings often cause undesirable swings, in particular in the beginning and the end of cargo transporting process, thus reducing the efficiency of usual crane control systems. In addition, it should be taken into account that the parameters of a crane, as a controlled mechanical system, depend on the cargo and the conditions of its transportation. Consequently, a development of an effective cargo swing reduction system is a currently topical engineering problem.
Construcción de pantallas y anclajes en el solar del Mercado de la Encarnación en Sevilla: modelo de cálculo, estudio de desplazamientos y propuesta de intervención
Authors: Bernal-Serrano F. J. , Jaramillo-Morilla A. , Cano-Marín R. D. , Moreno-Rangel D.
Published: March 2015

La construcción de las pantallas en el solar de la plaza de la Encarnación, surge tras la demolición en 1972 del Antiguo Mercado de Abastos. Esta actuación estaba englobada dentro de la concesión administrativa que el Ayuntamiento de Sevilla adjudicó para la construcción de un nuevo Mercado y Aparcamiento Subterráneo. Como anejo del proyecto, se calcularon las pantallas que albergarían 3 niveles bajo rasante, con los condicionantes de minimizar la afección a los edificios y viales circundantes. Las pantallas se realizaron entre Julio y Noviembre de 2002. Se construyeron un total de 8.835 m2 y 1.840 m2 de pantalla de espesor 80 y 100 cm respectivamente. Con la estructura de contención ejecutada, comienzan a realizarse los anclajes provisionales entre mayo y septiembre de 2003. La investigación expone el método de cálculo utilizado para las pantallas y anclajes, los gráficos de deformación y la comprobación con lo realmente medido con los inclinómetros.
Laboratory Measures of Postural Control During the Star Excursion Balance Test After Acute First-Time Lateral Ankle Sprain
Authors: Doherty Cailbhe , Bleakley Chris M. , Hertel Jay , Caulfield Brian , Ryan John , Delahunt Eamonn
Published: March 2015

Context

No researchers, to our knowledge, have investigated the immediate postinjury-movement strategies associated with acute first-time lateral ankle sprain (LAS) as quantified by center of pressure (COP) and kinematic analyses during performance of the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT).

Objective

To analyze the kinematic and COP patterns of a group with acute first-time LAS and a noninjured control group during performance of the SEBT.

Design

Case-control study.

Setting

University biomechanics laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 81 participants with acute first-time LAS (53 men, 28 women; age = 23.22 ± 4.93 years, height = 1.73 ± 0.09 m, mass = 75.72 ± 13.86 kg) and 19 noninjured controls (15 men, 4 women; age = 22.53 ± 1.68 years, height = 1.74 ± 0.08 m, mass = 71.55 ± 11.31 kg).

Intervention

Participants performed the anterior (ANT), posterolateral (PL), and posteromedial (PM) reach directions of the SEBT.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

We assessed 3-dimensional kinematics of the lower extremity joints and associated fractal dimension (FD) of the COP path during performance of the SEBT.

Results

The LAS group had decreased normalized reach distances in the ANT, PL, and PM directions when compared with the control group on their injured (ANT: 58.16% ± 6.86% versus 64.86% ± 5.99%; PL: 85.64% ± 10.62% versus 101.14% ± 8.39%; PM: 94.89% ± 9.26% versus 107.29 ± 6.02%) and noninjured (ANT: 60.98% ± 6.74% versus 64.76% ± 5.02%; PL: 88.95% ± 11.45% versus 102.36% ± 8.53%; PM: 97.13% ± 8.76% versus 106.62% ± 5.78%) limbs (P < .01). This observation was associated with altered temporal sagittal-plane kinematic profiles throughout each reach attempt and at the point of maximum reach (P < .05). This result was associated with a reduced FD of the COP path for each reach direction on the injured limb only (P < .05).

Conclusions

Acute first-time LAS was associated with bilateral deficits in postural control, as evidenced by the bilateral reduction in angular displacement of the lower extremity joints and reduced reach distances and FD of the COP path on the injured limb during performance of the SEBT.
The North structure: evidence for a second possible impact event at the Bloody Creek site, Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Spooner Ian , Pufahl Peir , Brisco Trevor , Morrow Jared , Nalepa Mariella , Williams Peter , Stevens George
Published: March 2015

The North structure is a discontinuous, partially flooded elliptical basin 250 m in diameter and defined by arcuate scarps. It is located in Annapolis County, Nova Scotia, approximately 1 km north of the Bloody Creek structure, a possible 400 m-diameter elliptical impact crater. Geophysical surveys indicate that raised scarps border a broadly elliptical basin with depth/diameter ratios similar to those at the Bloody Creek structure. Percussion coring and probing indicated that the basin is in-filled with 3.5 m of lacustrine sediment and peat overlying post-glacial alluvial sediment and diamicton. Samples collected proximal to the rim of the structure contain kink-bands in feldspar and biotite and possible planar microstructures in quartz and feldspar. The elliptical nature and similar, anomalous morphometries of the North and Bloody Creek structures indicate that two, low-angled, genetically linked impacts may have taken place at the site. Both structures are interpreted to be post-Pliocene (<2.6 Ma), based on the unlikelihood of their preservation during Cretaceous-Paleogene regional peneplanation.
Direct Versus Remote Clinical Observation: Assessing Learners' Milestones While Addressing Adolescent Patients' Needs
Authors: Pitts Sarah , Borus Joshua , Goncalves Adrianne , Gooding Holly
Published: March 2015

Background

Direct clinical observation is an essential component of medical trainee assessment, particularly in the era of milestone-based competencies. However, the adolescent patient's perspective on this practice is missing from the literature. Quality health care is patient centered, yet we did not know if our educational practices align with this clinical goal.

Objective

We sought to better understand our adolescent/young adult patients' perspectives of the direct observation of our medical trainees in the outpatient clinical setting.

Methods

As a quality improvement initiative, we surveyed adolescent/young adult patients, medical trainees, and physician observers in our outpatient clinical practice regarding their experience following a direct observation encounter. We performed descriptive analyses of the data.

Results

During a 1-year period, responses were received from 23 adolescent/young adult patients, 8 family members, 14 trainees, and 6 faculty observers. Nearly all adolescent/young adult patients (n = 22) and all surveyed family members (n = 8) expressed comfort with direct observation, and all respondents felt the care they received was the same or better. All patient/family respondents preferred direct observation to the idea of remote observation, and most, but not all, trainees and faculty observers expressed similar opinions.

Conclusions

Adolescent/young adult patients and their family members found direct observation of their trainee providers to be comfortable and beneficial. Despite adolescent and young adults' facility and comfort with modern technologies, there was an expressed preference for direct versus remote observation.
Evaluation of Surgical Dexterity During the Interview Day: Another Factor for Consideration
Authors: Jardine Dinchen , Hoagland Benjamin , Perez Angel , Gessler Eric
Published: March 2015

Background

Manual dexterity and visual spatial ability are not routinely used to evaluate candidates for surgical residency training as part of the application interview.

Objective

This study assessed the acceptability and feasibility of evaluating the manual dexterity and visual spatial ability of applicants for general surgery and otolaryngology residency, and evaluated the relationship between this information and routinely considered application factors.

Methods

During the 2012 interview season, medical students applying to our institution's general surgery and otolaryngology residency programs underwent a battery of tests relevant to surgical dexterity. Five tests shown to be related to the surgeons' dexterity or visual spatial skills were administered during the course of their in-person interview day. The results from these tests were compared with data collected as part of the current application process.

Results

A total of 64 students were enrolled, and 58 had data that could be analyzed. Regression analysis using the enter method was performed for each of the tests, and for the composite scores. None of the values were significant as defined by P ≤ .05. Neither the scatterplots of the data nor Pearson r showed a correlation between the highest performers on the surgical dexterity composite score and individuals' highest scores on the dimensions used in the current process to assess applicants.

Conclusions

The addition of 1 or more evaluations of visual spatial skills and psychomotor aptitude can be done during a standard interview day, is acceptable to applicants, and may provide information that is different from the usual components of the application.
Designing a Standardized Laparoscopy Curriculum for Gynecology Residents: A Delphi Approach
Authors: Shore Eliane M. , Lefebvre Guylaine G. , Husslein Heinrich , Bjerrum Flemming , Sorensen Jette Led , Grantcharov Teodor P.
Published: March 2015

Background

Evidence suggests that simulation leads to improved operative skill, shorter operating room time, and better patient outcomes. Currently, no standardized laparoscopy curriculum exists for gynecology residents.

Objective

To design a structured laparoscopy curriculum for gynecology residents using Delphi consensus methodology.

Methods

This study began with Delphi methodology to determine expert consensus on the components of a gynecology laparoscopic skills curriculum. We generated a list of cognitive content, technical skills, and nontechnical skills for training in laparoscopic surgery, and asked 39 experts in gynecologic education to rate the items on a Likert scale (1–5) for inclusion in the curriculum. Consensus was predefined as Cronbach α of ≥ 0.80. We then conducted another Delphi survey with 9 experienced users of laparoscopic virtual reality simulators to delineate relevant curricular tasks. Finally, a cross-sectional design defined benchmark scores for all identified tasks, with 10 experienced gynecologic surgeons performing the identified tasks at basic, intermediate, and advanced levels.

Results

Consensus (Cronbach α = 0.85) was achieved in the first round of the curriculum Delphi, and after 2 rounds (Cronbach α = 0.80) in the virtual reality curriculum Delphi. Consensus was reached for cognitive, technical, and nontechnical skills as well as for 6 virtual reality tasks. Median time and economy of movement scores defined benchmarks for all tasks.

Conclusions

This study used Delphi consensus to develop a comprehensive curriculum for teaching gynecologic laparoscopy. The curriculum conforms to current educational standards of proficiency-based training, and is suggested as a standard in residency programs.
The Study of Utility of Single Drop Neck Incision for Neck Dissection
Authors: Gosavi Vikas Sadashiv , Kale Shriniketan Shirish
Published: March 2015

Background

Neck dissection forms integral part in the radical treatment of carcinoma of the oral cavity. In this study, we have examined usefulness of the single drop neck incision.

Materials and methods

All the patients with carcinoma of oral cavity which were operated with the single drop neck incision were studied as they were called for follow-up. Their complications, cosmetic outcome and range of shoulder and neck movements were studied.

Results

Total 32 patients were eligible for the study. Average follow-up was about 7 months (1-16 months). Twelve (38%) patients had difficulty in lifting weights and doing manual work at occupation like farm work, etc. Four (12.5%) patients were not happy with their cosmetic outcome. Three (9.4%) patients had hypertrophied scar. One patient had severe trismus and four (12.5%) had marginal skin necrosis.

Conclusion

This study concluded that the single drop neck incision is a very useful tool to perform neck dissection with acceptable morbidity with good postoperative cosmetic outcome.

How to cite this article

Gosavi VS, Kale SS. The Study of Utility of Single Drop Neck Incision for Neck Dissection. Int J Head Neck Surg 2014;5(3):140-143.
Antistreptolysin O Positivity in Chronic Tonsillitis: Rare or Common?
Authors: Prashanth KB , George Nitha Mary
Published: March 2015

Objective

To determine the frequency of antistreptolysin O (ASLO) positivity in cases of proven chronic tonsillitis.

Materials and methods

The present study was conducted in a tertiary care center from January to October 2013. A total of 150 patients who presented with features suggestive of chronic tonsillitis and willing for surgery were included in the study. On admission, following a detailed history taking and clinical examination, preoperative investigations along with ASLO titers were done. Following medical and anesthetic fitness, the patients underwent tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy and the tonsillar specimens were sent for histopathological examination.

Results

A total of five out of the 150 patients showed ASLO titer positivity (>200 IU/ml) and all were histopathologically proven cases of chronic tonsillitis.

Conclusion

Early detection and treatment of Streptococcal tonsillar involvement could be a preventive measure against the future predilection of other predisposed organs to more severe and debilitating streptococcal infections.

How to cite this article

Santosh UP, Prashanth KB, George NM. Antistreptolysin O Positivity in Chronic Tonsillitis: Rare or Common? Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2014;6(2):53-54.
Clinicopathological Correlation between Peripheral Blood Eosinophilia and Inferior Turbinate Tissue Eosinophils
Authors: Santosh UP , Pandurangi Aniketh Shyamsunder
Published: March 2015

Background and objectives

Allergic rhinitis affects up to 20% of the general population and is one of the most common reasons for presentations to the outpatient department. We hereby present a case series which attempts to have a correlation between tissue eosinophilia (inferior turbinate) and increased eosinophil count in blood (> 440 cells/mm3).

Materials and methods

Thirty-six patients presented to the Outpatient Department of Bapuji Hospital and Chigateri General Hospital (Teaching Hospitals attached to JJM Medical College), Davangere, with nasal obstruction and symptoms suggestive of allergic rhinitis with turbinate hypertrophy who were posted for elective bilateral partial inferior turbinectomy with/without submucous resection/septoplasty. These patients had increased absolute eosinophil count in blood. Formalin fixed inferior turbinectomy specimens were routinely processed for histopathology. Eosinophils in the mucosa and submucosal region were counted by method of Shioda and Mishima.

Results

Ten patients out of 36 showing increased eosinophil count in blood show ‘significant eosinophilia’ in turbinates (27.7%).

Conclusion

Peripheral eosinophilia does not always correlate with tissue eosinophilia which opens up a possibility of using nasal mucosa biopsy for confirmation of presence of eosinophils. Further studies are needed to explore the demonstration of ‘activated’ tissue eosinophils in the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis.

How to cite this article

Santosh UP, Sunil KB, Pandurangi AS. Clinicopathological Correlation between Peripheral Blood Eosinophilia and Inferior Turbinate Tissue Eosinophils. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2014;6(2):58-60.
A Rare Case of Rhinofacial Zygomycosis due to Conidiobolus Infection
Authors: Chakravarti Arunabha , Mishra Meenakshi
Published: March 2015

Background

Rhinofacial zygomycosis is the infection of subcutaneous tissues of maxillofacial region caused by zygomycetes class of fungi. It is commonly caused by the order mucorales and is acute and fulminant. Infections by the order entomophthorales are rare but indolent.

Case report

We report an unusual case of rhinofacial zygomycosis due to Conidiobolus coronatus of the order Entomophthorales in an immunocompetent adult male to highlight the clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment. We treated the patient with multiple drugs, that is amphotericin-B, cotrimoxazole, and itraconazole along with endoscopic debridement of nasal polyps with excellent result.

Conclusion

Rhinofacial zygomycosis due to entomophthorales is rare but treatable condition. Appropriate histopathological diagnosis and a multipronged approach with timely medical as well as surgical management is the key to clinical cure.

How to cite this article

Chakravarti A, Mishra M. A Rare Case of Rhinofacial Zygomycosis due toConidiobolusInfection. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2014;6(2):65-67.
Scrofula Mimicking Cutaneous Malignancy: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Garg MK , Garg Uma , Batra Ritika , Salaria Neha
Published: March 2015

Since a long time scrofuloderma (SCF) was thought to be a common disease of childhood and was attributable toMyco bacterium tuberculosis. In 1951, a new entity nontuberculous scrofuloderma was described and it is caused by atypical mycobacteria namelyMycobacterium scrofulaceum. The clinical picture closely mimics tuberculous scrofuloderma but diagnosis should be established through culture isolation and identification, because drug susceptibility may be different in these cases.

In this article, we report a case of a 22-year-old pregnant female patient who presented to us with scrofulaceous lesion on the right side of neck.

How to cite this article

Garg U, Batra R, Salaria N, Garg MK. Scrofula Mimicking Cutaneous Malignancy: A Rare Case Report. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2014;6(2):68-70.
Skull Base Osteomyelitis Resulting in Petrous Internal Carotid Aneurysm
Authors: Radhakrishnan Suma R , Dahiya Vijeyta , Devarajan Ellezhuthil , Ramachandran K
Published: March 2015

Skull base osteomyelitis typically occurs most often as a complication of malignant otitis externa secondary to pseudomonas infection. Common risk factors are increasing age, diabetes mellitus and immunosuppression. If it happens in the absence of external otitis it is called atypical or central type. Medical management is the mainstay of treatment. Surgical management is for a diagnostic biopsy and in some for debridement. Described below is a case report of a 75 years old male patient who was diagnosed to have skull base osteomyelitis and was started on intravenous antibiotics. Following an initial improvement of symptoms, after 4 weeks he developed ear and oropharyngeal bleed. Imaging revealed a massive aneurysm of petrous internal carotid artery with multiple brain infarcts and before we could intervene the patient expired. This case emphasizes a rarity in skull base osteomyelitis and the need for early diagnosis and aggressive treatment.

How to cite this article

Suma R, Dahiya V, Chandni R, Devarajan E, Ramachandran K. Skull Base Osteomyelitis Resulting in Petrous Internal Carotid Aneurysm. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2014;6(2):71-73.
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Presenting as a Unifocal Eosinophilic Granuloma in the Body of the Mandible: A Rare Report
Authors: Shah Pratik Dipak , Mukherji Srijon
Published: March 2015

Introduction

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a relatively rare and unique benign disease characterized by an abnormal proliferation of immature dendritic cells which usually affects children and young adults. Jaws are involved in less than 10% of children with the disease.

Objective

To add on to the literature one more case of this rare and unique disease which accounts for less than 1% of all bone tumors and also to discuss its oral manifestation and management.

Setting

Private maxillofacial surgery institute, Kolkata, West Bengal.

Patient

A 2 years and 8 months old male child with solitary swelling over the lower left jaw since one and half months. Lesion was fixed to underlying bone and there was an expansion of buccal cortical plate at the body of mandible.

Results

Enucleation of the lesion performed after assessing history, clinical and radiological dertails and also considering patient's age. Postoperative biopsy result came as LCH presenting as a unifocal eosinophil granuloma. Appropriate surgical intervention resulted in a dramatic improvement in patient's clinical condition. At present, patient is disease-free and asymptomatic.

Conclusion

Surgical enucleation or curettage is a preferred treatment option for maxillary and mandibular lesion. Potential for the unifocal disease to become multifocal should not be underestimated as the disease can be unpredictable. We recommend long-term follow-up due to uncertainty of the disease.

How to cite this article

Shah PD, Mukherji S. Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Presenting as a Unifocal Eosinophilic Granuloma in the Body of the Mandible: A Rare Report. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2014;6(2):74-76.