ATLANTIC‐PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America
Authors: Culot Laurence , Pereira Lucas Augusto , Agostini Ilaria , de Almeida Marco Antônio Barreto , Alves Rafael Souza Cruz , Aximoff Izar , Bager Alex , Baldovino María Celia , Bella Thiago Ribas , Bicca‐Marques Júlio César , Braga Caryne , Brocardo Carlos Rodrigo , Campelo Ana Kellen Nogueira , Canale Gustavo R. , Cardoso Jader da Cruz , Carrano Eduardo , Casanova Diogo Cavenague , Cassano Camila Righetto , Castro Erika , Cherem Jorge José , Chiarello Adriano Garcia , Cosenza Braz Antonio Pereira , Costa‐Araújo Rodrigo , Silva Nilmara Cristina da , Di Bitetti Mario S. , Ferreira Aluane Silva , Ferreira Priscila Coutinho Ribas , Fialho Marcos de S. , Fuzessy Lisieux Franco , Garbino Guilherme Siniciato Terra , Garcia Francini de Oliveira , Gatto Cassiano A. F. R. , Gestich Carla Cristina , Gonçalves Pablo Rodrigues , Gontijo Nila Rássia Costa , Graipel Maurício Eduardo , Guidorizzi Carlos Eduardo , Espíndola Hack Robson Odeli , Hass Gabriela Pacheco , Hilário Renato Richard , Hirsch André , Holzmann Ingrid , Homem Daniel Henrique , Júnior Hilton Entringer , Júnior Gilberto Sabino‐Santos , Kierulff Maria Cecília Martins , Knogge Christoph , Lima Fernando , de Lima Elson Fernandes , Martins Cristiana Saddy , de Lima Adriana Almeida , Martins Alexandre , Martins Waldney Pereira , de Melo Fabiano R. , Melzew Ricardo , Miranda João Marcelo Deliberador , Miranda Flávia , Moraes Andréia Magro , Moreira Tainah Cruz , de Castro Morini Maria Santina , Nagy‐Reis Mariana B. , Oklander Luciana , de Carvalho Oliveira Leonardo , Paglia Adriano Pereira , Pagoto Anderson , Passamani Marcelo , de Camargo Passos Fernando , Peres Carlos A. , de Campos Perine Michell Soares , Pinto Míriam Plaza , Pontes Antonio Rossano Mendes , Port‐Carvalho Marcio , Prado Bárbara Heliodora Soares do , Regolin André Luis , Rezende Gabriela Cabral , Rocha Alessandro , Rocha Joedison dos S. , de Paula Rodarte Raisa Reis , Sales Lilian Patrícia , Santos Edmilson dos , Santos Paloma Marques , Bernardo Christine Steiner São , Sartorello Ricardo , Serra Leonardo La , Setz Eleonore , de Almeida e Silva Anne Sophie , Silva Leonardo Henrique da , Silva Pedro Bencke Ermel da , Silveira Maurício , Smith Rebecca L. , de Souza Sara Machado , Srbek‐Araujo Ana Carolina , Trevelin Leonardo Carreira , Valladares‐Padua Claudio , Zago Luciana , Marques Eduardo , Ferrari Stephen Francis , Beltrão‐Mendes Raone , Henz Denison José , da Veiga da Costa Francys E. , Ribeiro Igor Kintopp , Quintilham Lucas Lacerda Toth , Dums Marcos , Lombardi Pryscilla Moura , Bonikowski Renata Twardowsky Ramalho , Age Stéfani Gabrieli , Souza‐Alves João Pedro , Chagas Renata , Cunha Rogério Grassetto Teixeira da , Valença‐Montenegro Monica Mafra , Ludwig Gabriela , Jerusalinsky Leandro , Buss Gerson , de Azevedo Renata Bocorny , Filho Roberio Freire , Bufalo Felipe , Milhe Louis , Santos Mayara Mulato dos , Sepulvida Raíssa , Ferraz Daniel da Silva , Faria Michel Barros , Ribeiro Milton Cezar , Galetti Mauro 
Published: October 2018

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co‐occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data.