bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization and Validation of High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Fingerprint of Phyllanthus niruri
Authors: Wahyuni Wulan Tri , Darusman Latifah K. , Wigena Aji Hamim
Published: March 2017

Split-plot mixture-mixture design has been applied for optimization of Phyllanthus niruri chromatographic fingerprint. The design was applied for unreplicated and simultaneous optimization of extraction mixture and chromatographic mobile phase mixture. The whole-plot was extraction solvent contained various combinations of methanol, ethyl acetate and dichloromethane in a simplex centroid with axial design. The sub-plot was reversed phase chromatographic mobile phase in simplex centroid design contained varying proportions of methanol, acetonitrile and acetonitrile:water (55:45 v/v). Each extract was eluted with seven mobile phases of high performance liquid chromatography and detected at 210, 225 and 254 nm. The optimum condition was determined based on the number of peaks. The correlation between extraction solvent, chromatographic mobile phase and number of peak were evaluated with Ordinary Least Square method. The root mean square error of calibration and root mean square error of prediction obtained at 210, 225 and 254 nm were 1.8634 and 4.0076; 2.2220 and 5.2839; 1.5436 and 2.2606, respectively. The optimum condition was obtained when the ethyl acetate extract was eluted with acetonitrile:water (55:45 v/v) and detected at 254 nm. Precision of retention time at optimum condition was excellent, with the relative standard deviation in a range of 0.0698% and 0.3006%.
Synthesis and Heme Polymerization Inhibitory Activity (HPIA) Assay of Antiplasmodium of (1)-N-(3,4-Dimethoxybenzyl)-1,10-Phenanthrolinium Bromide from Vanillin
Authors: Fitriastuti Dhina , Mardjan Muhammad Idham Darussalam , Jumina Jumina , Mustofa Mustofa
Published: March 2017

The synthesis of (1)-N-(3,4-dimethoxy-benzyl)-1,10-phenanthrolinium bromide had been conducted from vanillin. Heme polymerization inhibitory activity assay of the synthesized antiplasmodium has also been carried out. The first step of reaction was methylation of vanillin using dimethylsulfate and NaOH. The mixture was refluxed for 2 h to yield veratraldehyde in the form of light yellow solid (79% yield). Methylation product was reduced using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) with grinding method and yielded veratryl alcohol in the form of yellow liquid (98% yield). Veratryl alcohol was brominated using PBr3 to yield yellowish black liquid (85% yield). The final step was benzylation of 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate with the synthesized veratryl bromide under reflux condition in acetone for 14 h to afford (1)-N-(3,4-dimethoxy-benzyl)-1,10-phenanthrolinium bromide (84%) as yellow solid with melting point of 166-177 °C. The structures of products were characterized by FT-IR, GC-MS and 1H-NMR spectrometers. The results of heme polymerization inhibitory activity assay of (1)-N-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-1,10-phenanthrolinium bromide showed that it had IC50 HPIA of 3.63 mM, while chloroquine had IC50 of4.37 mM. These results indicated that (1)-N-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-1,10-phenanthrolinium bromide was more potential antiplasmodium than chloroquine.
In Vitro Antidiabetic Activities of Extract and Isolated Flavonoid Compounds from Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg
Authors: Lotulung Puspa Dewi Narrij , Mozef Tjandrawati , Risdian Chandra , Darmawan Akhmad
Published: March 2017

The antidiabetic activity test through a mechanism of inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme was studied against ethanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of ethanol extract of Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg (Moraceae) leaves and four flavonoid compounds isolated from ethyl acetate extracts of A. altilis. Ethyl acetate fraction has strongest antidiabetic activity compared to ethanol, n-hexane, and n-butanol fractions with IC50values5.98,6.79, 440.18and14.42μg/mL, respectively. Four flavonoid compounds (1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[8-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-5-yl]-1-propanone (AC-31), 2-geranyl-2',3,4,4'-tetrahydroxy dihydrochalcone (AC-51), 8-geranyl-4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone (AC-33) andcyclocommunol (AA-3), have been isolated from ethylacetate fraction. AC-31 was the strongest antidiabetic compound compared to AC-51, AC-33 and cyclocommunolwithIC50values are 15.73, 24.41,49.49,and72.20μg/mL. Kineticstudies of AC-31 using Lineweaver-Burk method showed that inhibition mechanism of enzymeα-glucosidase was anon-competitivetype.
Method Development for the Analysis of Pharmaceuticals with Acethylcholinesterase Activity in Water Using HPLC-DAD and Solid Phase Extraction
Authors: Wardhana Samuel Budi , Kolb Marit , Bahadir Müfit , Purwono Bambang , Wahyuningsih Tutik Dwi
Published: March 2017

An SPE followed by HPLC-DAD method with ion pair chromatography technique to analyze pharmaceuticals with acethylcholinesterase activity including pyridostigmine (PYR), galathamine (GAL), neostigmine (NEO), eserine (ESE), and donepezil (DON) in water samples was developed. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors have been used to treat less severe dementias such as Alzheimer’s disease. Chromatographic separation was achieved using reversed-phase SymmetryShield column using gradient system with mobile phase consisting of H2O/ACN (99:1, v/v) as mobile phase A with 10 mM sodium 1-hexanesulfonate and 0.1% acetic acid (HAc). The HPLC/DAD method was linear between concentrations of 5 to 100 ng/μL. The IDL and IQL ranged from 0.50 to 1.25 ng/μL and 1.5 to 3.0 ng/μL, respectively. SPE was used to extract and clean up the target substances in spiked pure water, tap water, and wastewater samples. The application of extraction method of 5 target substances in wastewater sample was divided into 2 parts: Oasis WCX (6 mL, 500 mg) for PYR and Oasis HLB (6 mL, 200 mg) for GAL, NEO, ESE and DON. The developed SPE and HPLC/DAD method is applicable for quantification of the 5 target substances in water samples in a concentration range > 50 µg/L and assumable lower for DON (> 25 µg/L).
Quality and Chemical Composition of Organic and Non-Organic Vetiver Oil
Authors: Kadarohman Asep , Eko S. Ratnaningsih , Dwiyanti Gebi , Lailatul K. Lela , Kadarusman Ede , Nur F. Ahmad
Published: March 2017

Vetiver oil (Vetiveria zizanoides) has been used as perfume materials, cosmetics, fragrance soaps, anti-inflammation, repellent, and insecticidal agents. Organic vetiver oil has higher economical value than non-organic vetiver oil and it has been regarded to be able to compete in the global market. Therefore, studies have been carried out using 1 hectare of land and the first generation of organic vetiver oil has produced 0.57% of yield, greater than non-organic (0.50%). The quality of organic and non-organic vetiver oil was analyzed by Indonesian Standard (SNI) parameter, pesticide residue test, chemical composition by GC/MS, and the appearance of vetiver root. In general, the result of organic and non-organic vetiver oil has fulfilled the national standard; the quality of organic vetiver oil was better than non-organic one. Physically, the appearance of organic vetiver root was better than non-organic vetiver root; organic vetiver root was denser, more appealing, and did not have any black spots. The pesticide residue of organic vetiver oil was lower than non-organic vetiver oil. Based on SNI test, vetiverol (oxygen compounds) in organic vetiver oil was higher than non-organic vetiver oil.
Preconcentration of Chromium(VI) at Trace Levels Using Acid Alumina Resin with Column Method
Authors: Panggabean Aman Sentosa , Pasaribu Subur P , Bohari Bohari , Nurhasanah Nurhasanah
Published: March 2017

Trace analysis of Chromium(VI) ions using acid alumina resin as a filler material column in preconcentration system by off-line method has been carried out. Alumina resin was activated with H2SO4 at pH 1 before being filled to the column. This research showed retention capacity of alumina acid resin was 3.955 mg Cr(VI)/g resin. The analytical performance of this method is good, shown with the limit of detection value was 3.648 µg/L. The reproducibility of this method shown as percentage of coefficient variance was 2.06%. Acid alumina used as resin filler column can increase the signal up to 15.36 times for direct Cr(VI) ions measurement. The accuracy of this method is very good with the recovery percentage value > 95%, shown the matrices of water samples didn’t effect the results of measurements and this method was capable to analyze Cr(VI) ions in water samples at the trace levels.
Performance of Zinc-Difattyalkyldithyocarbamate as Anti-Friction/Anti-Wear Lubricant Additives
Authors: Sutriah Komar , Mas’ud Zainal Alim , Irawadi Tun Tedja , Khotib Mohammad
Published: March 2017

Dithyocarbamate is an organosulphur compound that has long been known and widely applied in various fields, including in agriculture and industry. Several variants of synthesized vegetable oil-based Zinc-difattyalkyldithyocarbamate were tested its anti-friction/anti-wear performance on four ball machine using the method of ASTM-D2783. Anti-friction/anti-wear test to six of additive variants of Zinc-difattyalkyldithyocarbamate at doses of 1.2% indicated that all variants of the product has welding point value higher than the lube base oil lubricant HVI 60, and from US Steel 136 standard for Hydraulic lubricants, but only two additive variants of Zinc-bis(lauryl palmityl)dithyocarbamate and Zinc-bis(lauryl oleyl)dithyocarbamate which has a larger load wear index value than the standard, and meet the criteria as an additive extreme pressure according to US steel 136 standard. Zinc-bis(lauryl palmityl)dithyocarbamate is an additive variant with the best performance, meet bi-functional lubricant additives criteria, as anti-friction/anti-wear and antioxidant additive.
Computer Aided Design of Molecular Imprinted Polymer for Selective Recognition of Capsaicin
Authors: Tahir Iqmal , Wijaya Karna , Islam Shafiqul , Ahmad Mohd Noor
Published: March 2017

Searching capsaicin-like molecule as an alternative dummy template has been conducted for the synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) of capsaicin. Dummy template should be applied because synthesis of capsaicin practically has a problem due to its structure containing double bond at the aliphatic chains. Virtual searching was done using an online chemical database of ChemDB containing 5 million commercial molecules. Capsaicin structure was converted into SMILES code and then it was run on ChemDB with molecular similarity threshold of 0.5. There were 69 chemical structures obtained as the output and pseudocapsaicin was practically selected as the dummy template. Experimental result from the prediction evaluation showed that the use of capsaicin as template and pseudocapsaicin as dummy template produced MIPs that have separation factor of 1.28 and 1.25 respectively. It is suggested to choose pseudocapsaicin as dummy template for the synthesis MIP of capsaicin instead of using capsaicin molecule.
NEW PYRAN OF AN ENDOPHYTIC FUNGUS Fusarium sp. ISOLATED FROM THE LEAVES OF BROTOWALI (Tinaspora crispa)
Authors: Elfita Elfita , Munawar Munawar , Muharni Muharni , Suprayetno Suprayetno
Published: March 2017

Endophytes are microorganisms that reside asymptomatically in the tissues of higher plants and are relatively unstudied and a promising source of novel organic natural metabolites exhibiting a variety of biological activities. As a part of our systematic search for new bioactive lead structures from endophytic, the endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. isolated from the leaves of Brotowali (Tinaspora crispa), was cultured for isolation of metabolite. The endophytic fungus was cultivated on 6 L of Potatos Dextose Broth (PDB) medium at room temperature (no shaking) for 8 weeks. The cultures were then extracted with ethyl acetate to afford 9.4 g of residue after removal of the solvent under reduced pressure. The extract was separated into the fractions by column chromatography (CC) on silica gel. The fractions were further separated by silica gel column chromatography to give one compound. The molecular structure was established on the basis of spectroscopic analysis including UV, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HMQC, HMBC, COSY, and MS. The compound was determined as a new pyran.
CARBON PASTE ELECTRODE HEXADECYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIUM BROMIDE MODIFIED NATURAL ZEOLITE FOR CHROMIUM(VI) DETECTION
Authors: Putra Budi Riza , Darusman Latifah K , Rohaeti Eti
Published: March 2017

A simple voltammetric technique for quantification of chromium(VI) is presented in this work. The technique is based on linear sweep voltammetric reduction Cr(VI) on hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMABr) modified Lampung zeolite carbon paste electrode. Selected HDTMABr concentration for natural zeolite modification is obtained 200 mM. Working electrode for chromium(VI) detection is made by graphite, paraffin oil and HDTMABr modified Lampung zeolite. The effect of supporting electrolyte matrix, pH and also scan rate is also investigated. The calibration curve for chromium(VI) detection using the proposed method shows linearity from 0.2 to 1.0 mM with sensitivity, detection and quantification limit, and precision was 0.4294 mM, 3.63 x 10-4 mM, 1.197 x 10-3 mM, 4.49%, respectively.
EXPRESSION AND FUNCTIONAL INTERACTION OF CHICKEN RbAp46 POLYPEPTIDE WITH HISTONES, HISTONE DEACETYLASE-1, AND HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE-1
Authors: Ahmad Ahyar , Karim Harningsih
Published: March 2017

In this study, we cloned and sequenced cDNA encoding the chicken p46 polypeptide, RbAp46. The cDNA encoding a protein consists of 424 amino acids is a member of the WD protein family, with seven WD repeat motifs, and exhibits 90.3% identity to RbAp48, and 94.3% identity to the human RbAp46. The RbAp46 fusion protein were synthesized by in vitro translation system and in Escherichia coli under induction by 50 µM IPTG and single step purified with glutathione-Agarose beads, showed that GST-tagged protein of approximately 72 kDa. The in vitro experiment established that RbAp46 interacts with chicken histones, chHDAC-1, and chHAT-1. The in vitro immunoprecipitation experiment, involving truncated mutants of RbAp46, revealed not only that two regions comprising amino acids 33-179 and 375-404 are necessary for its binding to H2B, but also that two regions comprising amino acids 1-32 and 405-424 are necessary for its binding to H4. Furthermore, the GST pulldown affinity assay, involving truncated mutants of RbAp46, revealed that a region comprising amino acids 359-404 binds to chHAT-1 in vitro. Taken together, these results indicate not only that RbAp46 should participate differentially in a number of DNA-utilizing processes through interactions of its distinct regions with histones and chHAT-1, but also that the proper propeller structure of RbAp46 is not necessary for its interaction with chHAT-1.
SYNTHESIS OF TETRAKIS-N,N,N-TRIMETHYLAMMONIUMMETHYL-C-3,4-DIMETHOXYPHENYLCALIX[4]RESORCINARENE IODIDE BASED VANILLIN AND ITS ANTIDOTE ACTIVITY FOR CHROMIUM(VI) INTOXICATION
Authors: Utomo Suryadi Budi , Jumina Jumina , Siswanta Dwi , Mustofa Mustofa
Published: March 2017

A research has been conducted to synthesize tetrakis-N,N,N-trimethylammoniummethyl-C-3,4-dimethoxyphenylcalix[4]resorcinarene iodide from vanillin and investigate its antidote capability for Cr(VI) intoxication. The synthesis was carried out in four steps i.e. (1) O-alkylation of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, (2) HCl-catalyzed condensation of 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde with resorcinol, (3) Mannich reaction of C-3,4-dimethoxyphenylcalix[4]resorcinarene with formaldehyde and dimethylamine in the presence of HCl to yield tetrakis-N,N-dimethylaminomethyl-C-3,4-dimethoxyphenylcalix[4]resorcinarene, and (4) treatment the Mannich base with methyl iodide to produce the quaternary ammonium salt of tetrakis-N,N,N-trimethylammoniummethyl-C-3,4-dimethoxyphenylcalix[4]resorcinarene iodide. According to the analysis of 1H-NMR spectrometer, the targeted compounds tend to exist in the chair (C2h) conformation. The capability of resorcinarene for Cr(VI) antidote was examined by orally injection method on mice groups. Based on LD50 determination, the resorcinarene was classified as non toxic compound according to Loomis criteria. Therapeutic using quaternary ammonium-modified resorcinarene was able to reduce metal concentrations of Cr(VI) in liver, kidney, and serum in the magnitude of 78.30; 85.72, and 88.79%, respectively. The higher dose of drug administered the greater decrease in the level of heavy metal. Judging from the amount of milligrams of reduced chromium per gram of organ, kidney is the organ having highest decreasing metal concentrations.
The Optimum Reaction Time, Activation Energy and Frequency Factor of Methyl Ricinoleate Nitration
Authors: Abdullah Abdullah , Triyono Triyono , Trisunaryanti Wega , Haryadi Winarto
Published: March 2017

Determination of the optimum reaction time, activation energy (Ea) and frequency factor (A) of methyl ricinoleate nitration has been done. The nitration was conducted with the mole ratio of methyl ricinoleate to HNO3 of 1:15. The reaction was conducted at temperatures of 29 and 64 °C with a variation of reaction time for 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 min. Determination of activation energy and frequency factor was performed in a temperature of 29, 33, 38, 44, 49, 57 and 64 °C. The results showed that the optimum reaction time is 90 min. The activation energy (Ea) and frequency factor (A) was 44.5 kJ/mol and 4.780 x 103 sec-1, respectively.
Synthesis of Polyvinyl Pirrolidone (PVC) /Κ-Carrageenan Hydrogel Prepared by Gamma Radiation Processing As a Function of Dose and PVP Concentration
Authors: Erizal Erizal , Tjahyono Tjahyono , PP Dian , Darmawan Darmawan
Published: March 2017

The aim of this research is to prepare a biomaterial to be used in health care. A series of hydrogels based on polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)/κ-Carrageenan (KC) has been prepared by radiation technique. PVP (5-15%) were mixed with ΚC (2%) and irradiated by gamma rays at the doses from 25 kGy to 35 kGy (dose rate 7 kGy/h) at room temperature. The chemical change of hydrogels was characterized using Fourier Transform infra Red (FTIR). Gel fraction, water absorption and water evaporation were determined gravimetrically. Tensile strength and elongation at break was measured using Instron meter. It was found that with the increase irradiation dose and PVP concentration, the gel fraction and tensile strength of hydrogels increase. In contrast the elongation at break and water absorption of hydrogels decrease. The hydrogel of PVP/KC hydrogel produced by gamma radiation can be considered for wound dressings.
Effect of Non Ionic Surfactant Addition to Cellulase Performance in High-Substrate-Loading-Hydrolysis of Palm Oil EFB and Water-Hyacinth
Authors: Bardant Teuku Beuna , Sudiyarmanto Sudiyarmanto , Abimanyu Haznan , Hanum Aisha Kania
Published: March 2017

Enzymatic hydrolysis with high substrate loading of palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) empty fruit bunch (EFB) and water-hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) were investigated as a prior part of ethanol production from lignocelluloses. Commercial surfactant Span 85 and Tween 20 were used as cellulase performance enhancer in hydrolysis process with substrate loading above 20% (w/w). Cellulase performances were compared based on hydrolysis conversion. Hydrolysis conversions of EFB using cellulase with concentration 10 and 15 FPU/g-substrate was 38.55% and 88.80% respectively. Addition 2% (v/v) of Tween 20 to EFB hydrolysis reaction with cellulase concentration 10 FPU/g-substrate gave the conversion 87.30%. This addition enhance the cellulase performance up to 226.5% or similar with the performance of cellulase 15 FPU/g substrate. Addition 2% (v/v) of Span 85 to the similar reaction only enhances cellulase performance to 174.7%. Hydrolysis conversion of boiling-pretreated water-hyacinth and autoclave-pretreated water-hyacinth using cellulase 15 FPU/g-substrate was 45.84% and 52.29% respectively. Addition 2% (v/v) of Tween 20 and Span 85 to boiling-pretreated water-hyacinth hydrolysis with cellulase concentration 15 FPU/g-substrate enhance cellulase performance of 128.9% and 153.5% respectively. Addition 1% (v/v) of Tween 20 and Span 85 to the similar reaction with cellulase concentration 10 FPU/g-substrate gave conversions 51.00% and 53.79% respectively, or similar with conversion of autoclave-pretreated water-hyacinth hydrolysis with 15 FPU/g-substrate.
ADSORPTION OF Mg(II) AND Ca(II) ON DISULFONATO-SILICA HYBRID
Authors: Azmiyawati Choiril , Nuryono Nuryono , Narsito Narsito
Published: March 2017

Adsorption of Mg(II) and Ca(II) on disulfonato-silica hybrid (DSSH) in the aqueous solution has been studied. The hybrid was synthesized by sol-gel process with sodium silicate solution from rice hull ash, chloroprophyltrimethoxysilane (CTS) and 4-amino-5-hydroxy-naphtalene-2,7-disulfonic acid monosodium salt (ANSNa) as silica source, cross linker and active group, respectively. Sodium silicate solution was reacted with CTS and ANSNa that were added dropwise. Adsorption of magnesium and calcium ions on DSSH was carried out in a batch system. Solution pH significantly affected magnesium and calcium adsorption and the optimum condition was obtained at pH = 6. The synthesized DSSH showed a high adsorption capacity of 0.0844 mmol/g and 0.1442 mmol/g for Mg(II) and Ca(II), respectively. The adsorption isotherm obtained with Langmuir isotherm model gives the negative values of ΔG°, i.e. -23.334 kJ/mol and -22.757 kJ/mol for Mg(II) and Ca(II), respectively, indicating the spontaneous process of adsorption. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption of Mg(II) and Ca(II) ions onto HDSS follows the pseudo-second-order kinetics.
SYNTHESIS OF MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES OF TiO2-NiFe2O4: CHARACTERIZATION AND PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY ON DEGRADATION OF RHODAMINE B
Authors: Rahmayeni Rahmayeni , Arief Syukri , Stiadi Yeni , Rizal Rianda , Zulhadjri Zulhadjri
Published: March 2017

Magnetic nanoparticles of TiO2-(x)NiFe2O4 with x = 0.01, 0.1, and 0.3have been synthesized by mixture of titanium isopropoxide (TIP) and nitric metal as precursors. The particles were characterized by XRD, SEM-EDX, and VSM. XRD pattern show the peaks at 2q = 25.3°, 38.4° and 47.9° which are referred as anatase phase of TiO2. Meanwhile NiFe2O4 phase was observed clearly for x = 0.3. The present of NiFe2O4 can prevent the transformation of TiO2 from anatase to rutile when the calcination temperature increased. Microstructure analyses by SEM show the homogeneous form and size of particles. The magnetic properties analysis by VSM indicates that TiO2-NiFe2O4 is paramagnetic behavior. TiO2 doped NiFe2O4 has higher photocatalytic activity than TiO2 synthesized for degradation of Rhodamine B in aqueous solution under solar light irradiation.
EXAMINATION OF THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SEAWATER OF THE TAMBELAN ISLANDS
Authors: Suherman Suherman , Prayitno Hanif Budi
Published: March 2017

This research aims to investigate the quality of the Tambelan island waters as primary information to support these islands as a marine conservation area. Some chemical properties of seawater such as pH and DO (Dissolved Oxygen) were identified by portable instrumentations. Furthermore inorganic nutrients phosphate, nitrate, and silicate contents were measured according to the methods developed by Morris and Riley in 1963 and then modified by Strickland and Parsons in 1968. The results of the research show that the pH values were in the range of 8.06 to 8.30, and the DO level amounted to 5.26 to 6.31 mg/L. Further results from this research show that the content of phosphate and nitrate ranged from 0.001 to 0.004 mg/L and 0.005 to 0.018 mg/L, respectively. Meanwhile, the content of silicate was found to be 0.063 to 0.134 mg/L in the archipelagic waters of Tambelan. The values of the above parameters are in accordance with the range of the seawater quality as recommended by the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Indonesia. Therefore, good water quality of the Tambelan islands provides great opportunities to be developed as a marine conservation area.
FIRST-ORDER ULTRAVIOLET DERIVATIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF RESERPINE IN ANTIHYPERTENSION TABLET
Authors: Darusman Latifah K , Rafi Mohamad , Wahyuni Wulan Tri , Azrianiningsari Rizna
Published: March 2017

A new ultraviolet derivative spectrophotometry (UVDS) method has been developed for determination of reserpine in antihypertension tablets. A first-order UVDS based on the measurement of the distance between peaks to baseline (DZ) at the wavelength of 312 nm was used. Evaluation of analytical performance showed that accuracy as percentage recovery was 99.18-101.13%, precision expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.91% and linear correlation was also obtained 0.9998 in the range of 10-50 µg/mL. Estimation of limit of detection and limit of quantitation was 0.8868 µg/mL and 2.6874 µg/mL, respectively. As a reference method, HPLC methods from United States Pharmacopiea (USP) were used. Commercially tablets available were analyzed by the two methods. The content of reserpine in tablets was found 0.2260±0.0033 mg by UVDS and 0.2301±0.0051 mg by the USP methods. The result obtained from the two methods was compared statistically using F-test and t-test and showed no significant differences between the variance and mean values of the two methods at 95% confidence level. This method was faster, easier, low cost and gave result as well as the reference method published by USP.
ADSORPTION OF AFLATOXIN B1 IN CORN ON NATURAL ZEOLITE AND BENTONITE
Authors: Nuryono Nuryono , Agus Ali , Wedhastri Sri , Maryudhani Y.M.S. , Pranowo Deni , Yunianto Yunianto , Razzazi-Fazeli Ebrahim
Published: March 2017

A study on adsorption of AFB1 in corn (kernel and grained) on natural zeolite and bentonite has been investigated. The first work was adsorption in a batch system of standard AFB1 solution on adsorbents. Some factors such as contact time, concentration of AFB1 and particle size of adsorbent were evaluated. The amount of AFB1 adsorbed was calculated based on the difference of AFB1 concentration before and after adsorption determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Adsorption of AFB1 in corn sample was emphasized by mixing aqueous suspension of sample with adsorbent. Concentration of AFB1 in suspension was analyzed by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) method. Result shows that adsorption of AFB1 on adsorbents of natural zeolite and bentonite is very fast. Within 15 min 99% of AFB1 (200 ng/mL) has been adsorbed by 25 mg of bentonite and 96% by zeolite. The particle size higher than 200 mesh did not give significant effect on the AFB1 adsorption capability. Effectiveness of zeolite in adsorbing AFB1 is lower than that of bentonite. Capability in reducing AFB1 contamination in corn samples (kernel and meal) for both adsorbents is lower than that in standard solution.
KINETICS OF THE OXIDATION OF VITAMIN C
Authors: Rahmawati Sitti , Bundjali Bunbun
Published: March 2017

Vitamin C or ascorbic acid is needed by the human body but it is already damaged by the rise in temperature due to be oxidized to L-dehydroascorbic acid. This research aims to determine the kinetics of oxidation of ascorbic acid due to an increase if temperature (40-80 °C) and to design an ascorbic acid oxidation reaction laboratory module to be applied in the senior high school reaction kinetics curriculum. The determination of the kinetics of the oxidation of ascorbic acid applies the integral and half-change time methods, while the concentration of the remained ascorbic acid in sixty minute intervals is determined by iodimetric titration method. Decomposition of ascorbic acid was measured at 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 °C. The results of this research indicate that at 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 °C the kinetics of the oxidation of ascorbic acid is a first-order reaction with rate constants of 4.55 x 10-4, 5.85 x 10-4, 8.4 x 10-4, 1.1 x 10-3 and 1.015 x 10-3 min-1, respectively. Pre-exponential factor or the frequency of collisions is a factor which is a measure of the collision rate. The activation energy and the pre-exponential factor for the oxidation of ascorbic acid were found to be 20.73 kJ.mol-1 and 1.372 min-1. The procedure used in this study was modified into a laboratory module will be applied in the teaching of reaction kinetics at the senior high school level.
APPLICATION OF CHITOSAN FROM Peneaus monodon AS COAGULANT OF Pb(II) IN WASTE WATER FROM TOLANGOHULA SUGAR FACTORY KABUPATEN GORONTALO
Authors: Lukum Astin , Djafar Fajriyanto
Published: March 2017

The aim of this research is to remove Pb(II) from waste water of Tolangohula sugar factory, Gorontalo. In this study, coagulation technique was developed using chitosan as coagulant. Chitosan was obtained from Peneaus monodon shell. The effect of coagulant mass was studied by varying the mass of chitosan: 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 g. In addition, effect of pH was also examined by varying the pH of solution: 2, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10. The results showed that the utilization of 10 g chitosan gave the optimal Pb(II) removal of 72.36% or 22.28 x 10-6 mg/g. Additionally, Pb(II) removal was optimum (83%) or 25.44 x 10-6 mg/g at pH 9. It could be concluded that chitosan coagulant had the ability to adsorb the Pb(II) in the waste water from Tolangohula sugar factory Kabupaten Gorontalo.
SYNTHESIS OF ZINC-DIFATTYALKYLDITHIOCARBAMATES AND THEIR ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES
Authors: Sutriah Komar , Mas’ud Zainal Alim , Irawadi Tun Tedja
Published: March 2017

Zinc-difattyalkyldithiocarbamates are organosulfur compounds with many functions, including as an antioxidant in a lubrication system. They were synthesized by reacting secondary fatty amine with ZnCl2 and CS2 giving result zinc-difattyalkyldithiocarbamates of around 77-87%. The synthesized products were characterized using infrared (IR) spectroscopic techniques. The IR spectra of zinc-difattyalkyldithiocarbamates showed sharp bands at 1450-1550 cm-1 for thioureida v (C-N), 950-1050 cm-1 for v (C-S), and in the far-red area 300-400 cm-1 for sulfur-metal bond. Products recovery was evaluated by AAS and the purity was analyzed by HPLC. Seven variants of zinc-difattyalkyldithiocarbamates were obtained. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by rancimat test regarding their induction time. At 125 ppm levels all variants showed higher value in each of their induction time as compared to those of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene, commercial antioxidants No.1, and commercial antioxidants no.2. Three variants, i.e. Zn-bis(dilauryl)dithiocarbamate, Zn-bis(laurylpalmityl)dithiocarbamate, and Zn-bis(laurylstearyl)dithiocarbamate had higher values in their induction time than the other variants. The values are 16.67, 26.54, and 16.11 h, respectively.
FORMULA ESTABLISHMENT OF COLORLESS Pb(II) COMPLEX WITH N-BENZOYL-N-PHENYL HYDROXYLAMINE (BPA) USING ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: Sarode Dhananjay B , Ingle Sopan T , Attarde Sanjay B
Published: March 2017

A new method for determination of stoichiometry of colorless complexes by using atomic absorption spectrophotometric technique in continuous variation method and slope ratio method was described here. This method can be used in same manner as that of mole ratio method and slope ratio method. In this method atomic absorption spectroscopy was used instead of UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Atomic absorption spectrophotometric technique is superior to UV-Vis spectrophotometry as it can be applied to colorless soluble complexes. Pb(II) and n-benzoyl-n-phenyl hydroxylamine react to form colorless complex at pH 6.5, which can be easily determined by this method. It was found that Pb(II) forms 1:2 complex with n-benzoyl-n-phenyl hydroxylamine and is quantitatively extracted back to aqueous solution for AAS analysis.
Implantes poliméricos intraoculares de fármacos na medicina veterinária – revisão de literatura e relato de um caso
Authors: Flávia Biondi
Published: March 2017

Diseases of the posterior segment of the eye are responsible for most cases of irreversible blindness, and until at the present moment, have limited therapeutic success due to the difficulty of penetration of drugs in this site. In veterinary medicine, chronic eye diseases are often frustrating to treat due to the frequency and route of administration, besides the high cost of the drugs involved. In order to obtain therapeutic levels of these drugs for prolonged periods and to promote reduction of unwanted side effects, some polymeric delivery systems designed for intraocular implantation are currently being investigated. They are prepared in the form of implants from polymers that can be classified in biodegradable or nonbiodegradable, and are aimed to revolutionize medical and veterinary ophthalmology, increasing patient comfort and effectiveness of drugs in the treatment of diseases, which are so far regarded as irreversible because of the difficulties therapies related to them.
Atendimento ambulatorial de quati-de-cauda-anelada (Nasua nasua) Relato de caso
Authors: Gabriel Domingos Carvalho
Published: March 2017

Coatis are gregarious animals that can live in groups of more than thirty individuals and have high adaptability. Because they are synanthropic animals, their presence next to humans and domestic animals offers public health risks because they are transmitters of some zoonoses. This paper reports the rescue and clinical care of a ring-tailed coati (Nasua nasua), who presented a case of severe prostration and infestation by myiasis and ticks. The animal was kept in captivity for completion of treatment. After the substantial clinical improvement, being active and with signs of complete recovery the animal was released at the same place where he was found.
Terminação de cordeiros
Authors: José Carlos da Silveira Osório
Published: March 2017

The objective work to show the importance and as to determine in practical way the moment where the lamb is finished from the relation enters the body condition of the lamb and the fattening status of the carcass. They had been verified raised correlations between these factors (0,89), however had been dependents of the previous experience of the observer. When the technique is effected by less experienced observers the correlation diminishes of expressive form (0,55), what it successfully evidences the necessity of training for execution of this technique. In this way, one evidences that the corporal condition is good pointer of the fattening status of the carcass and viable alternative practical to determine if the lamb is finished.
Pontos-críticos e desafios do bem-estar de matrizes suínas em gestação: o uso de cama como alternativa produtiva
Authors: Maria Luísa Appendino Nunes
Published: March 2017

In the context of the science of animal welfare, the rearing system of sows is an especially significant subject, as the great majority of these animals is kept in isolation. The purpose of this paper is to present the main points connected with the rearing system of gestating sows, focusing on the importance of aspects related to the social and physical environment provided to this kind of animal. The isolation in cages undoubtedly has negative impacts on fundamental requisites for animal welfare. On the other hand, group housing has the disadvantage of causing aggressiveness in such animals. Research information shows that bioclimatic, behavioral and physical aspects of the environment are important in defining the welfare of gestating sows. Furthermore, it is important to devise rearing system alternatives which combine group housing and techniques to reduce aggressiveness, such as environmental enrichment, by using elements like straw or other types of bedding.
Regulatory Impact Analysis Terhadap Rancangan Undang-Undang Konvergensi Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi
Authors: Ridwan Wawan , Krisnadi Iwan
Published: March 2017

Era konvergensi dalam bidang teknologi informasi dan komunikasi(TIK), telah mengubah tatanan industri dan memerlukan perubahan kebijakan/regulasi. Perubahan tersebut, dibutuhkan agar dapat menampung kemajuan teknologi dan inovasi untuk pengembangan industri kedepannya. Solusi regulasi tersebut telah mulai dibangun dalam Rancangan Undang-Undang(RUU) TIK Indonesia. Yang menarik dari regulasi konvergensi TIK ini adalah pengaturan terhadap penyelenggaraan TIK, diantaranya; agar mengurangi kesenjangan digital(digital divide), perubahan struktur industri TIK dll. Hal ini, dikarenakan sistem pengaturan memiliki peranan penting untuk sistem lainnya dalam era konvergensi dalam bidang TIK
Optimalisasi Perencanaan Jaringan Akses Serat Optik Fiber To The Home Menggunakan Algoritma Genetika
Authors: Manggolo Inu , Marzuki Marza Ihsan , Alaydrus Mudrik
Published: March 2017

Dalam perencanaan jaringan akses serat optik FTTH, semakin bertambahnya permintaan dari pelanggan maka desain dan jalur infrastruktur akan berubah juga. Hal inilah yang akan menjadikan pengulangan pembangunan infrastruktur yang akan mengakibatkan investasi ulang untuk proyek FTTH tersebut. Untuk menghasilkan perencanaan yang optimal pada jaringan akses infrastruktur FTTH, permasalahan tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan pemodelan pedagang keliling (Travelling Salesman Problem). Selanjutnya dari pemodelan tersebut kemudian dicari solusi permasalahan dengan menggunakan algoritma genetika. Algorima genetika dipilih dalam penelitian ini dikarenakan algoritma ini mampu menghasilkan solusi yang optimal secara sederhana dan menghasilakan nilai fitness terbaik dengan cepat. Pada implementasi awal kelurahan Grogol Utara diperoleh jalur optimal dengan menggunakan algoritma genetika pada generasi ke-60 dengan nilai fitness 216.51 yang tidak berubah sampai dengan generasi ke-300.
Optimalisasi Mobile Switching Center Untuk Meningkatkan Performansi Voice Teknologi CDMA 2000 1X EVDO Rev.A
Authors: Pahlevi Reka , Alaydrus Mudrik
Published: March 2017

Dalam era persaingan industri saat ini, kepuasan pelanggan menjadi sangat penting, sehingga peningkatan kualitas layanan secara terus menerus sangat diperlukan, studi penelitian ini ditujukan guna meningkatan kualitas performansi voice pada PT XYZ Telecom yang merupakan salah satu operator berteknologi Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) menjadi lebih baik dengan optimalisasi Mobile Switching Center sehingga kepuasan pelanggan tercapai, kemudian menganalisa hubungan antara MSC dengan Network Element lainnya yang telah terintegrasi. Penelitian ini dibatasi hanya pada area yang di-cover oleh Mobile Switching Center regional Jabodetabek.
Meningkatkan Produktivitas Produksi dengan Optimalisasi Sistem Infrastruktur TI Menggunakan Metoda IT Balanced Scorecard
Authors: Rusydiawan Imaniar , Krisnadi Iwan
Published: March 2017

Industri manufaktur pada saat ini dituntut untuk mempunyai asset-asset dan proses-proses yang efektif dan efesien untuk dapat meningkatkan produktivitas secara terus-menerus agar dapat memenangkan persaingan. Perkembangan infrastruktur teknologi informasi yang semakin pesat membuat PT. Indonesia Epson Industry dalam mencapai tujuan perusahaan dan melancarkan strategi bisnisnya menggunakan infrastruktur teknologi informasi pada proses produksi, penyelarasan antara tujuan bisnis perusahaan dan tujuan produksi dengan menggunakan infrastruktur teknologi informasi dipetakan, sehingga peningkatan produktivitas produksi dapat tercapai dengan optimalisasi infrastruktur teknologi informasi, pengukuran dengan metode IT Balanced Scorecard dilakukan untuk mengukur kinerja infrastruktur teknologi informasi yang sudah ada, dengan begitu bisa didapatkan skala prioritas untuk mengoptimalisasikan infrastruktur teknologi informasi yang sekarang.
Analisis Perencanaan Bisnis Perusahaan Penyedia Jasa Switching dan Aplikasi Mobile Banking Bank X
Authors: Mufid Zainul , Bahweres Rizal , Krisnadi Iwan
Published: March 2017

Implementasi sebuah layanan perbankan tidak lepas dari kebutuhan telekomunikasi mobile dan IT seperti halnya pembangunan sebuah sistem Mobile Banking Bank X yang membutuhkan infrastruktur baik dari sisi jaringan (network) maupun aplikasi dari sisi pengguna layanan mobile banking itu sendiri. Pengguna memerlukan aplikasi yang bisa mendukung layanan mobile untuk transaksi perbankan yang bisa diakses dari handphone (mobile phone) mereka. Untuk mengimplementasikan layanan Mobile Banking Bank X, pihak bank membutuhan switching system dan aplikasi dari perusahaan penyedia (provider) sebagai bentuk kerjasama atau proyek untuk memperoleh keuntungan bersama. Oleh karena itu pihak provider PT.Z maupun bank X memerlukan perencanaan bisnis yang matang dan selanjutnya dapat dianalisis kelayakan bisnisnya. Pada penelitian ini akan mengkaji aspek bisnis melalui analisis perencanaan bisnis dilihat dari sisi provider terkait dengan aspek finansial, tetapi tidak menutup kemungkinan dari sisi bank X yang terbatas pada aspek pasar. Analisis pasar dapat dilakukan dengan mengkaji potensi nasabah yang dimiliki bank X, sedangkan analisis finansial penyedia switching system dan aplikasi dapat diperoleh dari nilai investasi perusahaan penyedia PT.Z. Dengan menghitung beberapa parameter kelayakan seperti PP (Payback Period), ROI (Return On Investment), NPV (Net Present Value), IRR (Internal Rate of Return) dan PI (Profitability Index) dari data internal keuangan perusahaan provider switching system dan aplikasi serta mengidentifikasi potensi nasabah bank X, maka dapat dianalisis dan disimpulkan kelayakan perencanaan bisnisnya.
Reduksi Peak-To-Average Power Ratio Pada Sistem STBC MIMO-OFDM dengan Metode Selected Mapping dan Partial Transmit Sequence
Authors: Maddanaca Andi
Published: March 2017

Teknik OFDM merupakan teknik multicarrier yang mengefisienkan bandwidth. Penggunaan teknik OFDM dapat mengatasi multipath fading dan intersymbol interference (ISI). Namun demikian, OFDM mempunyai dua kelemahan, salah satunya adalah peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) yang tinggi. PAPR yang tinggi akan menyebabkan distorsi nonlinear pada high power amplifier (HPA) karena HPA membatasi keluaran dengan nilai tertentu dan mengurangi efisiensi daya amplifier. Oleh karena itu, PAPR yang tinggi harus direduksi. Metode reduksi PAPR yang diajukan adalah dengan menggunakan metode Selected Mapping (SLM) dan Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS). Kedua metode ini memiliki kekurangan dalam hal kompleksitas multiplikasi dan penjumlahan dan adanya bit side information yang harus dikirimkan ke receiver. Oleh karena itu, penulis mengajukan pengembangan dari metode tersebut dengan memodifikasi faktor rotasi fasa menjadi pattern konversi terdefinisi yang lebih adaptif pada SLM, dan mengurangi iterasi pembangkitan faktor rotasi fasa pada metode PTS dengan pendefinisian faktor rotasi fasa yang terbatas. Hasil simulasi dengan 1000 simbol OFDM menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan reduksi PAPR pada metode m-SLM dan m-PTS mendekati kemampuan reduksi metode konvensional. Bit error rate (BER) yang dihasilkan juga mengalami perbaikan dibandingkan BER tanpa reduksi. m-SLM secara keseluruhan mengungguli kinerja dari m-PTS, baik pada nilai reduksi PAPR maupun pada perbaikan BER.
Studi Perbandingan Throughput pada Algoritma Pemetaan eOCSA dan Ohseki pada Teknologi WiMAX Mobile dengan Menggunakan Teknologi OFDMA
Authors: Yudiastuti Yudiastuti
Published: March 2017

Sistem Mobile WiMAX berdasarkan pada standard IEEE 802.16emembutuhkan alokasi semua sumber daya downlink yang dipetakankedalam wilayah persegi empat dalam dua dimensi peta Time-Frequency . Dimana teknologi yang digunakan adalah OFDMA(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access).Sudah banyakproposal algoritma pemetaan yang pernah diajukan para peneliti.Namun algoritma yang simple untuk diimplementasikan dan memilikiefisiensi throughput yang bagus adalah eOCSA yang diajukan olehChakchai So-In dkk. Dalam tugas akhir ini algoritma eOCSA akandibandingkan dengan salah satu algoritma yang pernah diajukansebelumnya yaitu algoritma Ohseki. Dari perhitungan diperoleh bahwaalgoritma pemetaan eOCSA lebih efisien dibandingkan algoritmaOhseki, dimana efisiensi algoritma eOCSA 87.54 % sedangkanalgoritma Ohseki 69.8 %.
Penentuan Distribusi Permittivitas Struktur Dua Dimensi dengan Gelombang Elektromagnetika
Authors: Alaydrus Mudrik
Published: March 2017

Penentuan karakteristik dielektrik obyek memainkan peran pentingdalam banyak aplikasi praktis. Bahan yang berbeda atau ketidakhomogenan membangkitkan medan hamburan tertentu, yang dapatdigunakan untuk menentukan balik materi dari benda tersebut. Masalahinversi hamburan yang seperti itu diklasifikasikan untuk masalah illposed,yang solusinya alam kondisi terkontaminasi noise harusditentukan dengan hati-hati. Prosedur inversi konvensional akanmemberikan hasil yang sama sekali tak bermakna. Di penelitian inidiamati problem invers penentuan karakteristik dielektrika dua dimensiberbasiskan data yang terkontaminasi noise. Regularisasi Tikhonovdigunakan untuk menstabilkan solusi. Dari pengamatan bendapenghambur berukuran 0.12 × 0.12 dengan kontrast 1.0 dan noisedari data sebesar 5% didapatkan nilai maksimal dan minimal komponenriil dari kontrast sebesar 1.0126 dan 0.8759, sedangkan nilai maksimaldan minimal komponen imajiner dari kontrast adalah 0.1280 dan -0.1436.
Analisa Quality of Service IP Telephony dengan Metode Low Latency Queuing
Authors: Syahrial Miftah Rahman
Published: March 2017

Voice over IP pada era modern sekarang ini sudah sangat krusial. Teknologi ini bisa mengatasi permasalahan yang muncul dalam telepon analog atau telepon tradisional ini adalah ketika pengguna, terutama perusahaan, ingin melakukan komunikasi jarak jauh dari pusat ke kantor cabang dimana cost alias biaya yang muncul ketika berkomunikasi dari pusat dan cabang berlangsung lama. Dalam penerapannya, telekomunikasi yang menggunakan teknologi internet, mengalami beberapa hambatan terutama dalam hal packet loss dan delay. Thesis ini membandingkan metode manajemen kongesti Quality of Service (QoS) low latency queuing (LLQ) dengan metode-metode lainnya seperti First in First out (FIFO) dan Class Based Weighted Fair Queuing (CBWFQ). Metode low latency queuing (LLQ) dirancang untuk memprioritaskan paket suara (voice) dan meminimalisir waktu tempuh (delay) yang akan dipakai oleh paket data. Hal ini bisa dicapai karena metode ini adalah gabungan dari metode CBWFQ dan metode Priority Queuing (PQ) yang dirancang untuk memprioritaskan paket suara tapi tidak dirancang untuk memprioritaskan paket data. Hasil yang didapat cukup memuaskan, waktu tempuh (delay) paket suara yang diperoleh dari LLQ untuk ITU-T G.114 (recommended delay untuk one-way connection VoIP) adalah 0,001 detik untuk delay minimumnya dan 0,142 detik untuk delay maksimumnya, dimana jaringan test bed yang dipakai oleh paket data dibuat untuk mencerminkan congested network, sedangkan metode-metode lain seperti FIFO dan CBWFQ melebihi acceptable delay yang direkomendasikan oleh ITU-T G.114. Sedangkan pengaruh implementasi LLQ terhadap codec yang dijalankan tidak banyak berubah, untuk delay yang dihasilkan codec G.729br8 cukup stabil dan delay dari codec G.711ulaw masih cenderung meningkat terkait dari lamanya sesi percakapan walaupun masih sesuai standar yang diterapkan oleh ITU-T.