bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Xanthones and Quinolones Derivatives Produced by the Deep-Sea-Derived Fungus Penicillium sp. SCSIO Ind16F01
Authors: Liu Feng-an , Lin Xiuping , Zhou Xuefeng , Chen Minghao , Huang Xiuling , Yang Bin , Tao Huaming
Published: December 2017

Chemical investigation of the fungus Penicillium sp. SCSIO Ind16F01 derived from deep-sea sediment sample afforded a new xanthone, 3,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-9-oxoxanthene-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (1) and a new chromone, coniochaetone J (2), together with three known xanthones, 8-hydroxy-6-methyl-9-oxo-9H-xanthene-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester (3), 7,8-dihydroxy-6-methyl-9-oxo-9H-xanthene-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester (4), 1,6,8-trihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)anthraquinone (5), three known chromones, coniochaetone B (6), citrinolactones B (7), epiremisporine B (8), and four reported rare class of N-methyl quinolone lactams: quinolactacins B (9), C1 (10), and C2 (11), and quinolonimide (12). The structures of new compounds were determined by analysis of the NMR and MS spectroscopic data. Those isolated compounds were evaluated for their antiviral (EV71 and H3N2) and cytotoxic activities.
The Use of Liposomes and Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Systems to Improve Cancer Treatment in Dogs and Cats
Authors: Zabielska-Koczywąs Katarzyna , Lechowski Roman
Published: December 2017

Background: Cancer remains a leading cause of death in companion animals. In human medicine, liposomes and nanoparticles have been extensively investigated as drug delivery systems (DDS) for anticancer agents due to their ability to target cancerous cells and reduce the negative side effects of free cytostatic drugs. In this review, the authors discuss the results of clinical trials using liposomes and polymer-based nanoparticles as DDS to improve cancer treatment in dogs and cats, indicating which ones seem worth further evaluation. The authors then overview ongoing animal cancer clinical trials, evaluating nano-DDS registered on the American Veterinary Medical Association Animal Health Studies Database. Finally, the authors indicate the nano-drugs that require further in vivo evaluation based on the encouraging results obtained from in vitro studies. Conclusions: Liposomes have been the most investigated nano-DDS in veterinary medicine. The lack of cardiotoxicity of the commercially available liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil/Caelyx) suggests it should be used in dogs with cardiac disorders, rather than using free doxorubicin. Cisplatin-incorporated hyaluronic acid nanoparticles, nanocrystals of cisplatin, and paclitaxel are the most promising nano-drugs for potent applications in treating various canine cancers (e.g. oral melanoma, oral sarcoma, and anal gland adenocarcinoma) and their translation into the treatment of human diseases.
Development of Octyl Methoxy Cinnamates (OMC)/Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) Nanoparticles by Sol-Gel Emulsion Method
Authors: Wu Pey-Shiuan , Lee Yi-Ching , Kuo Yi-Ching , Lin Chih-Chien
Published: December 2017

Although octyl methoxy cinnamates (OMC) is the most used Ultraviolet B (UVB) filter in sunscreen, it has poor light stability in emulsion system. In this study, OMC/SiO2 nanoparticles were prepared via sol-gel emulsion method. Tetraethoxy silane (TEOS) was used as the silica source to encapsulate OMC. Modification of experimental parameters such as stirring speed of condensation reaction and emulsion condition, pH value of acid-catalyzed, surfactant and different percentage of TEOS and OMC, adding of OMC and surfactant to different phase may affect the particle size, and yield and entrapment efficiency in preparation process of OMC/SiO2 nanoparticles. Concluding all the parameter, we found that when condensation reaction and emulsion conditions are at 1000 rpm, pH 1.5, Span 80/Tween 20, TEOS/OMC ratios 1:1, OMC and surfactants added in oil phase, resulting in smaller particle sizes 476.5 nm, higher yield 95.8%, and higher entrapment efficiency 61.09%. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis demonstrated that OMC/SiO2 nanoparticles were successfully prepared. In vitro release profile supposed that OMC/SiO2 nanoparticles can delay OMC releasing and had 60.83% decreasing of cumulative amount. Therefore, the OMC/SiO2 nanoparticles have the potential to develop as new sunscreen materials in the use for cosmetics field in the future.
Fasting Plasma Glucose, Self-Appraised Diet Quality and Depressive Symptoms: A US-Representative Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hoare Erin , Dash Sarah , Varsamis Pia , Jennings Garry , Kingwell Bronwyn
Published: December 2017

Depression and type 2 diabetes (T2D) contribute significantly to global burden of disease and often co-occur. Underpinning type 2 diabetes is poor glycaemic control and glucose is also an obligatory substrate for brain metabolism, with potential implications for cognition, motivation and mood. This research aimed to examine the relationships between fasting plasma glucose and depressive symptoms in a large, population representative sample of US adults, controlling for other demographic and lifestyle behavioural risk factors. Using the 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data, this study first investigated the relationship between fasting plasma glucose and mental disorders at a population-level, accounting for demographic, health behavioural and weight-related factors known to co-occur with both type 2 diabetes and mental disorders. Depressive symptoms were derived from the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Fasting plasma glucose was obtained through medical examination and demographic (age, household income, sex) and health characteristics (perceived diet quality, daily time sedentary) were self-reported. Body mass index was calculated from objectively measured height and weight. In the univariate model, higher fasting plasma glucose was associated with greater depressive symptoms among females (b = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.05, 0.43, p < 0.05), but not males. In the final fully adjusted model, the relationship between fasting plasma glucose and depressive symptoms was non-significant for both males and females. Of all independent variables, self-appraised diet quality was strongly and significantly associated with depressive symptoms and this remained significant when individuals with diabetes were excluded. Although diet quality was self-reported based on individuals’ perceptions, these findings are consistent with a role for poor diet in the relationship between fasting plasma glucose and depressive symptoms.
Dietary Factors and Female Breast Cancer Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kim Ji , Lee Jeonghee , Jung So-Youn , Kim Jeongseon
Published: December 2017

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer in females and has become a major global health priority. This prospective cohort study investigated the association of dietary factors, including food items and dietary habits, with the risk of breast cancer in Korean women. Study participants were women aged 30 years or older, recruited from the National Cancer Center in South Korea between August 2002 and May 2007. They were followed until December 2014 using the Korea Central Cancer Registry to identify breast cancer cases. Among 5046 non-pre-diagnosed cancer participants, 72 breast cancer cases were prospectively identified. Participants with breast cancer had a significantly higher educational level (college or higher: 58.3% vs. 39.5%, p = 0.01), were more likely to have ever smoked (22.2% vs. 7.8%, p < 0.001), and were more likely to have a history of benign breast tumors (10% vs. 4%, p = 0.02) than non-cases. Consumption of grilled meat conferred a significantly higher risk of breast cancer in all women (hazard ratio (HR) 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–2.85) and in postmenopausal women (HR 3.06, 95% CI 1.31–7.15). High-cholesterol food intake was associated with a higher risk in all women (HR 1.69, 95% CI 1.01–2.82). Irregular meal intake was associated with an elevated risk in all women (HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.20–3.98, p for trend = 0.01) and in premenopausal women (HR 2.35, 95% CI 1.13–4.91, p for trend = 0.03). Our findings suggest that grilled meat and high-cholesterol food intake and irregular eating habits may be associated with a higher risk of breast cancer. Further studies with longer follow-up periods that include information on portion size, hormone receptor status, carcinogen levels in grilled meat, and a classification of foods by source are required.
Cognitive and Mood Effects of a Nutrient Enriched Breakfast Bar in Healthy Adults: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Groups Study
Authors: Kennedy David , Wightman Emma , Forster Joanne , Khan Julie , Haskell-Ramsay Crystal , Jackson Philippa
Published: December 2017

Objectives: Few previous studies have assessed the effects of concomitant administration of multiple potentially psychoactive nutrients. Methods: 95 healthy adult participants consumed either a nutrient enriched breakfast bar (containing α-Linolenic acid, l-tyrosine, l-theanine, vitamins, minerals and 21.5 mg of caffeine) or an isocaloric, macronutrient matched control bar for 56 days. Cognitive function and mood were assessed pre-dose and at 40- and 160-min post-dose on the 1st and 56th day of the intervention period. Results: The results demonstrated acute effects of treatment across post-dose assessments on both assessment days in terms of alertness, and on tasks assessing attention, working and episodic memory and executive function, including cognitively demanding Serial subtraction and Rapid Visual Information Processing tasks. There were no evident chronic effects independent of the breakfast bars’ acute effects. Discussion: These results demonstrate that a nutrient enriched breakfast bar with low caffeine content can exert striking beneficial effects on acute cognitive function and alertness.
Impact Resistance Enhancement by Adding Core-Shell Particle to Epoxy Resin Modified with Hyperbranched Polymer
Authors: Li Shuiping , Wu Qisheng , Zhu Huajun , Lin Qing , Wang Chengshuang
Published: December 2017

A core-shell particle was fabricated by grafting amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer to the surface of silica nanoparticles. The influences of core-shell particle contents on the tensile and impact strength of the epoxy thermosets modified with amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer were discussed in detail. For comparison, core-shell particle was added into the epoxy/polyamide system for toughness improvement. Results from tensile and impact tests are provided. The introduction of core-shell particle into the epoxy/polyamide systems just slightly enhanced the tensile and impact strength. The incorporation of 3 wt % core-shell particle could substantially improve the tensile and impact strength of epoxy/amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer thermosets. Field emission-scanning electron microscope images of the impact fracture surfaces showed that the excellent impact resistance of epoxy/amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer/core-shell particle thermosets may be attributed to the synergistic effect of shearing deformation and crack pinning/propagation, which is induced by the good compatibility between epoxy matrix and core-shell particle in the presence of amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer.
On the Limits of Benzophenone as Cross-Linker for Surface-Attached Polymer Hydrogels
Authors: Riga Esther , Saar Julia , Erath Roman , Hechenbichler Michelle , Lienkamp Karen
Published: December 2017

The synthesis of different photo-reactive poly(alkenyl norbornenes) and poly(oxonorbornenes) containing benzophenone (BP) via ring-opening metatheses polymerization (ROMP) is described. These polymers are UV irradiated to form well-defined surface-attached polymer networks and hydrogels. The relative propensity of the polymers to cross-link is evaluated by studying their gel content and its dependency on BP content, irradiation wavelength (254 or 365 nm) and energy dose applied (up to 11 J·cm−2). Analysis of the UV spectra of the polymer networks demonstrates that the poly(oxonorbornenes) show the expected BP-induced crosslinking behavior at 365 nm, although high irradiation energy doses and BP content are needed. However, these polymers undergo chain scission at 254 nm. The poly(alkenyl norbornenes), on the other hand, do not cross-link at 365 nm, whereas moderate to good cross-linking is observed at 254 nm. UV spectra demonstrate that the cross-linking at 254 nm is due to BP cross-linking combined with a [2 + 2] cylcoaddition of the alkenyl double bonds. This indicates limitations of benzophenone as a universally applicable cross-linking for polymer networks and hydrogels.
An Evaluation of Satellite Estimates of Solar Surface Irradiance Using Ground Observations in San Antonio, Texas, USA
Authors: Xia Shuang , Mestas-Nuñez Alberto , Xie Hongjie , Vega Rolando
Published: December 2017

Estimates of solar irradiance at the earth’s surface from satellite observations are useful for planning both the deployment of distributed photovoltaic systems and their integration into electricity grids. In order to use surface solar irradiance from satellites for these purposes, validation of its accuracy against ground observations is needed. In this study, satellite estimates of surface solar irradiance from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) are compared with ground observations at two sites, namely the main campus of the University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) and the Alamo Solar Farm of San Antonio (ASF). The comparisons are done mostly on an hourly timescale, under different cloud conditions classified by cloud types and cloud layers, and at different solar zenith angle intervals. It is found that satellite estimates and ground observations of surface solar irradiance are significantly correlated (p < 0.05) under all sky conditions (r: 0.80 and 0.87 on an hourly timescale and 0.94 and 0.91 on a daily timescale, respectively for the UTSA and ASF sites); on the hourly timescale, the correlations are 0.77 and 0.86 under clear-sky conditions, and 0.74 and 0.84 under cloudy conditions, respectively for the UTSA and ASF sites, and mostly >0.60 under different cloud types and layers for both sites. The correlations under cloudy-sky conditions are mostly stronger than those under clear-sky conditions at different solar zenith angles. The correlation coefficients are mostly the smallest with solar zenith angle in the range of 75–90° under all sky, clear-sky and cloudy-sky conditions. At the ASF site, the overall bias of GOES surface solar irradiance is small (+1.77 Wm−2) under all sky while relatively larger under clear-sky (−22.29 Wm−2) and cloudy-sky (+40.31 Wm−2) conditions. The overall good agreement of the satellite estimates with the ground observations underscores the usefulness of the GOES surface solar irradiance estimates for solar energy studies in the San Antonio area.
Improving Sea Ice Characterization in Dry Ice Winter Conditions Using Polarimetric Parameters from C- and L-Band SAR Data
Authors: Dabboor Mohammed , Montpetit Benoit , Howell Stephen , Haas Christian
Published: December 2017

Sea ice monitoring and classification is one of the main applications of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) remote sensing. C-band SAR imagery is regarded as an optimal choice for sea ice applications; however, other SAR frequencies has not been extensively assessed. In this study, we evaluate the potential of fully polarimetric L-band SAR imagery for monitoring and classifying sea ice during dry winter conditions compared to fully polarimetric C-band SAR. Twelve polarimetric SAR parameters are derived using sets of C- and L-band SAR imagery and the capabilities of the derived parameters for the discrimination between First Year Ice (FYI) and Old Ice (OI), which is considered to be a mixture of Second Year Ice (SYI) and Multiyear Ice (MYI), are investigated. Feature vectors of effective C- and L-band polarimetric parameters are extracted and used for sea ice classification. Results indicate that C-band SAR provides high classification accuracy (98.99%) of FYI and OI in comparison to the obtained accuracy using L-band SAR (82.17% and 81.85%), as expected. However, L-band SAR was found to classify only the MYI floes as OI, while merging both FYI and SYI into one separate class. This comes in contrary to C-band SAR, which classifies as OI both MYI and SYI. This indicates a new potential for discriminating SYI from MYI by combining C- and L-band SAR in dry ice winter conditions.
Performance of Smoothing Methods for Reconstructing NDVI Time-Series and Estimating Vegetation Phenology from MODIS Data
Authors: Cai Zhanzhang , Jönsson Per , Jin Hongxiao , Eklundh Lars
Published: December 2017

Many time-series smoothing methods can be used for reducing noise and extracting plant phenological parameters from remotely-sensed data, but there is still no conclusive evidence in favor of one method over others. Here we use moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to investigate five smoothing methods: Savitzky-Golay fitting (SG), locally weighted regression scatterplot smoothing (LO), spline smoothing (SP), asymmetric Gaussian function fitting (AG), and double logistic function fitting (DL). We use ground tower measured NDVI (10 sites) and gross primary productivity (GPP, 4 sites) to evaluate the smoothed satellite-derived NDVI time-series, and elevation data to evaluate phenology parameters derived from smoothed NDVI. The results indicate that all smoothing methods can reduce noise and improve signal quality, but that no single method always performs better than others. Overall, the local filtering methods (SG and LO) can generate very accurate results if smoothing parameters are optimally calibrated. If local calibration cannot be performed, cross validation is a way to automatically determine the smoothing parameter. However, this method may in some cases generate poor fits, and when calibration is not possible the function fitting methods (AG and DL) provide the most robust description of the seasonal dynamics.
Three-Dimensional Shape Measurements of Specular Objects Using Phase-Measuring Deflectometry
Authors: Zhang Zonghua , Wang Yuemin , Huang Shujun , Liu Yue , Chang Caixia , Gao Feng , Jiang Xiangqian
Published: December 2017

The fast development in the fields of integrated circuits, photovoltaics, the automobile industry, advanced manufacturing, and astronomy have led to the importance and necessity of quickly and accurately obtaining three-dimensional (3D) shape data of specular surfaces for quality control and function evaluation. Owing to the advantages of a large dynamic range, non-contact operation, full-field and fast acquisition, high accuracy, and automatic data processing, phase-measuring deflectometry (PMD, also called fringe reflection profilometry) has been widely studied and applied in many fields. Phase information coded in the reflected fringe patterns relates to the local slope and height of the measured specular objects. The 3D shape is obtained by integrating the local gradient data or directly calculating the depth data from the phase information. We present a review of the relevant techniques regarding classical PMD. The improved PMD technique is then used to measure specular objects having discontinuous and/or isolated surfaces. Some influential factors on the measured results are presented. The challenges and future research directions are discussed to further advance PMD techniques. Finally, the application fields of PMD are briefly introduced.
Two Interrogated FBG Spectral Linewidth for Strain Sensing through Correlation
Authors: Hsu Shih-Hsiang , Chuang Kuo-Wei , Chen Ci-Syu , Lin Ching-Yu , Chang Che-Chang
Published: December 2017

The spectral linewidth from two cross-correlated fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are interrogated and characterized using a delayed self-homodyne method for fiber strain sensing. This approach employs a common higher frequency resolution instead of wavelength. A sensitivity and resolution of 166 MHz/με and 50 nε were demonstrated from 4 GHz spectral linewidth characterization on the electric spectrum analyzer. A 10 nε higher resolution can be expected through random noise analyses when the spectral linewidth from two FBG correlations is reduced to 1 GHz. Moreover, the FBG spectrum is broadened during strain and experimentally shows a 0.44 pm/με sensitivity, which is mainly caused by the photo elastic effect from the fiber grating period stretch.
Holonic Crisis Handling Model for Corporate Sustainability
Authors: Bakos Levente , Dumitrașcu Dănuț
Published: December 2017

The new approaches of risk and crisis management of organizations point to corporate responsibility and corporate sustainability. In the ‘Internet of Everything’ era, when the new media and social networks create the possibility to ruin in a few seconds the reputation of a company built in decades, it is important to afford the maximum attention to risk management and crisis communication. Long-term sustainability requires a transparent, trustful communication in due time. In our study, we propose a crisis management model that leads to sustainable corporate behaviour. We consider organizations as complex systems, and we use the holonic multiagent modelling concept to depict the emergent behaviour of these systems. This theoretical paper has as its main result a crisis communication model, based on the adaptability feature of holons. In our non-linear approach for unpredictable situations we merged some findings of sustainability theory, corporate social responsibility (CSR) management, crisis communication, the holonic manufacturing concept and the latest security standards in computer communication.
Effects of the Use of Social Network Sites on Task Performance: Toward a Sustainable Performance in a Distracting Work Environment
Authors: Min Jinyoung
Published: December 2017

As the use of social network sites (SNS) has become increasingly prevalent, its effect on sustainable performance has received much attention. The existing literature has taken either a positive or negative view of SNS, arguing that it either decreases performance by taking time and effort away from work, or increases performance by providing social benefits for enhancing performance. In contrast, this experimental study, investigates how SNS use can disturb or enhance the performance of different types of tasks differently, thus influencing the sustainability of task performance. Based on distraction-conflict theory, this study distinguishes between simple and complex tasks, examines the role of SNS, and analyzes data including electroencephalography data captured by a brain-computer interface. The results show that task performance can be sustainable such that SNS use positively influences performance when participants are engaged in a simple task and influences performance neither positively nor negatively when participants are engaged in a complex task. The study finds the former result is attributable to the positive effect of the psychological arousal induced by SNS use and the latter result to the negative effect of the psychological arousal offsetting the positive effect of reduced stress resulting from SNS use.
Integral Management of Irrigation Water in Intensive Horticultural Systems of Almería
Authors: Garcia-Caparros Pedro , Contreras Juana , Baeza Rafael , Segura Maria , Lao Maria
Published: December 2017

The development of intensive horticulture in Almería, with a huge increase in greenhouse surface area, is related to three essential factors: climatic characteristics, groundwater use and mulching sandy soil. The purpose of the present paper is to draw a picture of the integral management of water irrigation in the intensive horticultural systems in the region, by identifying the most significant water resource contributions and alternative water resources. Results indicate that the use of groundwater for the irrigation of horticultural crops in the greenhouses presents a high degree of overexploitation of the aquifers, but due to the continuous search for alternative water resources, such as desalinated and reclaimed water, as well as in-depth knowledge of the integral management of water irrigation through automated fertigation and localized irrigation systems, the current status of the water resources could be sustainable. Moreover, being conscious of the pollution generated by agricultural leachates, the horticultural system of Almería is implementing complementary sustainable systems such as recirculation, cascade cropping systems and phytodepuration for the reuse of the leachate. Considering all these factors, it can be concluded that the intensive horticultural system is on the right path towards respecting the environment and being sustainable in terms of water use.
Two Distinct Clinical Courses of Human Cowpox, Germany, 2015
Authors: Eder Ines , Vollmar Patrick , Pfeffer Martin , Naether Philipp , Rodloff Arne , Meyer Hermann
Published: December 2017

Here we present two cases of human infection with cowpox virus with distinct clinical courses. A series of clinical photographs documents lesion progression over time. In the first case—an unvaccinated young veterinary assistant—a pustule was treated locally with cortisone. The lesion turned into a large ulcer accompanied by severe lymphadenitis. Based on her close contact to a sick stray cat, infection with cowpox virus was assumed and confirmed by virus isolation, PCR, and serology. The clinical course took up to eleven months until healing of the wound was complete. Transmission of cowpox virus from the cat was likely because a skin swab was PCR-positive and the cat had a high titer of anti-orthopoxvirus antibodies. In contrast, a rather mild clinical course of cowpox was confirmed in a 49-year-old male farmer vaccinated against smallpox. Only a small eschar developed, and wound closure was complete after 6 weeks.
Host Cell Restriction Factors that Limit Influenza A Infection
Authors: Villalón-Letelier Fernando , Brooks Andrew , Saunders Philippa , Londrigan Sarah , Reading Patrick
Published: December 2017

Viral infection of different cell types induces a unique spectrum of host defence genes, including interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and genes encoding other proteins with antiviral potential. Although hundreds of ISGs have been described, the vast majority have not been functionally characterised. Cellular proteins with putative antiviral activity (hereafter referred to as “restriction factors”) can target various steps in the virus life-cycle. In the context of influenza virus infection, restriction factors have been described that target virus entry, genomic replication, translation and virus release. Genome wide analyses, in combination with ectopic overexpression and/or gene silencing studies, have accelerated the identification of restriction factors that are active against influenza and other viruses, as well as providing important insights regarding mechanisms of antiviral activity. Herein, we review current knowledge regarding restriction factors that mediate anti-influenza virus activity and consider the viral countermeasures that are known to limit their impact. Moreover, we consider the strengths and limitations of experimental approaches to study restriction factors, discrepancies between in vitro and in vivo studies, and the potential to exploit restriction factors to limit disease caused by influenza and other respiratory viruses.
More than sixty origins of pantoporate pollen in angiosperms
Authors: Prieu Charlotte , Sauquet Hervé , Gouyon Pierre‐Henri , Albert Béatrice
Published: December 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Apertures in pollen grains are key structures of the wall, involved in pollen tube germination and exchanges with the environment. Aperture types in angiosperms are diverse, but pollen with one and three apertures (including monosulcate and tricolpate, respectively) are the two most common types. Here, we investigate the phylogenetic distribution in angiosperms of pollen with many round, scattered apertures called pantoporate pollen.

METHODS:

We constructed a morphological data set with species producing pantoporate pollen and representative angiosperm species with other pollen types, sampled from every angiosperm order, with a total of 1260 species distributed in 330 families. This data set was analyzed with parsimony to characterize the phylogenetic distribution of pantoporate pollen in angiosperms.

KEY RESULTS:

We show that pantoporate pollen is distributed throughout most of the angiosperm tree, including early diverging angiosperms, monocots, and eudicots. However, this pollen type is usually restricted to a few species in a given group, and is seldom fixed at large taxonomical scales, with a few notable exceptions.

CONCLUSIONS:

Pantoporate pollen evolved many times during angiosperm history, but the persistence of this morphology in the long term is infrequent. This distribution pattern could indicate conflicting short‐term and long‐term selective pressures, pantoporate pollen being selected in the short run, but eliminated in the long run. Biological hypotheses supporting this scenario are discussed, in the context of both theoretical and empirical data on pollen biology.
Electrophilic trifluoromethylselenolation of terminal alkynes with Se-(trifluoromethyl) 4-methylbenzenesulfonoselenoate
Authors: Ghiazza Clément , Tlili Anis , Billard Thierry
Published: December 2017

Herein the nucleophilic addition of Se-(trifluoromethyl) 4-methylbenzenesulfonoselenoate, a stable and easy-to-handle reagent, to alkynes is described. This reaction provides trifluoromethylselenylated vinyl sulfones with good results and the method was extended also to higher fluorinated homologs. The obtained compounds are valuable building blocks for further syntheses of fluoroalkylselenolated molecules.
Understanding the Scope of Child Sexual Abuse: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Latzman Natasha E. , Casanueva Cecilia , Dolan Melissa
Published: December 2017

The enormous individual, familial, and societal burden of child sexual abuse has underscored the need to address the problem from a public health framework. Much work remains, however, at the first step of this framework — defining and understanding the scope of the problem, or establishing incidence and prevalence estimates. In this occasional paper, we provide an overview of the ways researchers have defined and estimated the scope of child sexual abuse, focusing on agency tabulations and large-scale surveys conducted over the last several decades. More precise estimates of the number of children affected by child sexual abuse would improve the ability of the public health, child welfare, pediatrics, and other communities to prevent and respond to the problem. We recommend using a comprehensive surveillance system to assess and track the scope of child sexual abuse. This system should be grounded by common definitional elements and draw from multiple indicators and sources to estimate the prevalence of a range of sexually abusive experiences.
Active Correction of Aperture Discontinuities-Optimized Stroke Minimization. I. A New Adaptive Interaction Matrix Algorithm
Authors: Mazoyer J. , Pueyo L. , N’Diaye M. , Fogarty K. , Zimmerman N. , Leboulleux L. , Laurent K. E. St. , Soummer R. , Shaklan S. , Norman C.
Published: December 2017

Future searches for bio-markers on habitable exoplanets will rely on telescope instruments that achieve extremely high contrast at small planet-to-star angular separations. Coronagraphy is a promising starlight suppression technique, providing excellent contrast and throughput for off-axis sources on clear apertures. However, the complexity of space- and ground-based telescope apertures goes on increasing over time, owing to the combination of primary mirror segmentation, the secondary mirror, and its support structures. These discontinuities in the telescope aperture limit the coronagraph performance. In this paper, we present ACAD-OSM, a novel active method to correct for the diffractive effects of aperture discontinuities in the final image plane of a coronagraph. Active methods use one or several deformable mirrors that are controlled with an interaction matrix to correct for the aberrations in the pupil. However, they are often limited by the amount of aberrations introduced by aperture discontinuities. This algorithm relies on the recalibration of the interaction matrix during the correction process to overcome this limitation. We first describe the ACAD-OSM technique and compare it to the previous active methods for the correction of aperture discontinuities. We then show its performance in terms of contrast and off-axis throughput for static aperture discontinuities (segmentation, struts) and for some aberrations evolving over the life of the instrument (residual phase aberrations, artifacts in the aperture, misalignments in the coronagraph design). This technique can now obtain the Earth-like planet detection threshold of

contrast on any given aperture over at least a 10% spectral bandwidth, with several coronagraph designs.
Direction-dependent Corrections in Polarimetric Radio Imaging. II. A-solver Methodology: A Low-order Solver for the A-term of the A-projection Algorithm
Authors: Jagannathan P. , Bhatnagar S. , Brisken W. , Taylor A. R.
Published: December 2017

The effects of the antenna far-field power pattern limits the imaging performance of modern wide-bandwidth, high-sensitivity interferometric radio telescopes. Given a model for the aperture illumination pattern (AIP) of the antenna, referred to as the A-term, the wide-band (WB) A-Projection algorithm corrects for the effects of its time, frequency, and polarization structure. The level to which this correction is possible depends on how accurately the A-term represents the true AIP. In this paper, we describe the A-Solver methodology that combines physical modeling with optimization to holographic measurements to build an accurate model for the AIP. Using a parametrized ray-tracing code as the predictor, we solve for the frequency dependence of the antenna optics and show that the resulting low-order model for the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array antenna captures the dominant frequency-dependent terms. The A-Solver methodology described here is generic and can be adapted for other types of antennas as well. The parameterization is based on the physical characteristics of the antenna structure and optics and is therefore arguably a compact representation (minimized degrees of freedom) of the frequency-dependent structure of the antenna A-term. In this paper, we also show that the parameters derived from A-Solver methodology are expected to improve sensitivity and imaging performance out to the first side-lobe of the antenna.
Destroying Aliases from the Ground and Space: Super-Nyquist ZZ Cetis in K2 Long Cadence Data
Authors: Bell Keaton J. , Hermes J. J. , Vanderbosch Z. , Montgomery M. H. , Winget D. E. , Dennihy E. , Fuchs J. T. , Tremblay P.-E.
Published: December 2017

With typical periods of the order of 10 minutes, the pulsation signatures of ZZ Ceti variables (pulsating hydrogen-atmosphere white dwarf stars) are severely undersampled by long-cadence (29.42 minutes per exposure) K2 observations. Nyquist aliasing renders the intrinsic frequencies ambiguous, stifling precision asteroseismology. We report the discovery of two new ZZ Cetis in long-cadence K2 data: EPIC 210377280 and EPIC 220274129. Guided by three to four nights of follow-up, high-speed (

s) photometry from the McDonald Observatory, we recover accurate pulsation frequencies for K2 signals that reflected four to five times off the Nyquist with the full precision of over 70 days of monitoring (∼0.01 μHz). In turn, the K2 observations enable us to select the correct peaks from the alias structure of the ground-based signals caused by gaps in the observations. We identify at least seven independent pulsation modes in the light curves of each of these stars. For EPIC 220274129, we detect three complete sets of rotationally split

(dipole mode) triplets, which we use to asteroseismically infer the stellar rotation period of 12.7 ± 1.3 hr. We also detect two sub-Nyquist K2 signals that are likely combination (difference) frequencies. We attribute our inability to match some of the K2 signals to the ground-based data to changes in pulsation amplitudes between epochs of observation. Model fits to SOAR spectroscopy place both EPIC 210377280 and EPIC 220274129 near the middle of the ZZ Ceti instability strip, with

K and 11810 ± 210 K, and masses 0.57 ± 0.03 M
⊙ and 0.62 ± 0.03 M
⊙, respectively.
The Circum-Galactic Medium of Massive Spirals. II. Probing the Nature of Hot Gaseous Halo around the Most Massive Isolated Spiral Galaxies
Authors: Li Jiang-Tao , Bregman Joel N. , Wang Q. Daniel , Crain Robert A. , Anderson Michael E. , Zhang Shangjia
Published: December 2017

We present the analysis of the XMM-Newton data of the Circum-Galactic Medium of MASsive Spirals (CGM-MASS) sample of six extremely massive spiral galaxies in the local universe. All the CGM-MASS galaxies have diffuse X-ray emission from hot gas detected above the background extending

from the galactic center. This doubles the existing detection of such extended hot CGM around massive spiral galaxies. The radial soft X-ray intensity profile of hot gas can be fitted with a β-function, with the slope typically in the range of

. This range, as well as those β values measured for other massive spiral galaxies, including the Milky Way (MW), are in general consistent with X-ray luminous elliptical galaxies of similar hot gas luminosity and temperature, and with those predicted from a hydrostatic-isothermal gaseous halo. Hot gas in such a massive spiral galaxy tends to have temperature comparable to its virial value, indicating the importance of gravitational heating. This is in contrast to lower mass galaxies, where hot gas temperature tends to be systematically higher than the virial one. The ratio of the radiative cooling to free fall timescales of hot gas is much larger than the critical value of ∼10 throughout the entire halos of all the CGM-MASS galaxies, indicating the inefficiency of gas cooling and precipitation in the CGM. The hot CGM in these massive spiral galaxies is thus most likely in a hydrostatic state, with the feedback material mixed with the CGM, instead of escaping out of the halo or falling back to the disk. We also homogenize and compare the halo X-ray luminosity measured for the CGM-MASS galaxies and other galaxy samples and discuss the “missing” galactic feedback detected in these massive spiral galaxies.
The Destruction of Time in Pathological Narcissism
Authors: Kernberg Otto
Published: December 2017

Cet article décrit les caractéristiques du temps subjectif (en opposition avec le temps objectif), avec une mention particulière pour une forme spécifique de vécu et de relation au temps qui devient pathologique chez les patients avec une personnalité narcissique en cours de traitement psychanalytique. Les manifestations cliniques et l’approche technique de cette pathologie du vécu temporel sont soulignées à l’aide de vignettes cliniques explicatives.
La répétition agitée, une aire pré-transitionnelle ?
Authors: Laurent Véronique
Published: December 2017

L’auteure montre que la question du jeu est au cœur de l’attention du clinicien de l’enfance tant elle est indicatrice de la vitalité psychique du patient. L’enfant qui va bien aime retrouver par le jeu des situations qu’il maîtrise et reprend à son gré sans crainte de les répéter autant de fois qu’il lui plaît de le faire. L’enfant agité substitue à la répétition par le jeu une répétition agitée. La prise en charge en groupe vient éclairer l’aménagement psychique dans le rapport entre soi et l’objet qui alimente cette agitation. L’auteure, en appui sur une situation clinique précise, propose de qualifier d’aire pré-transitionnelle ce lieu où le patient se réfugie dans l’attente de sa transformation en véritable aire de jeu.
Répétition des vécus traumatiques précoces et transmissions intergénérationnelles des contenus aveugles
Authors: Prat Régine
Published: December 2017

L’auteure s’attache à décrire les voies de passage des aspects les plus inconscients du psychisme parental décrits dans la littérature psychanalytique comme messages énigmatiques, fantômes intergénérationnels ou zones aveugles. L’hypothèse de la communication comme « opéra de la rencontre », réalisant la jonction de trois niveaux de langage (texte/musique/mise en scène), permet de comprendre la désorganisation et la dissociation de ces trois niveaux comme une voie de passage ou courroie de transmission pour les états affectifs primaires non élaborés. Cette hypothèse s’avère cohérente avec les travaux d’éthologie humaine et les données actuelles des neurosciences. Les affects inélaborés n’ayant pu accéder à un niveau de symbolisation par le langage ni être contenus dans le psychisme ne pourront faire l’objet d’une communication, mais seront expulsés clandestinement, d’un psychisme à l’autre et d’une génération à l’autre, comme une « patate chaude » que personne ne peut saisir ni conserver. Des données précises d’observation directe d’un bébé dans sa famille, de la naissance à 2 ans, permettront d’étayer ces hypothèses en faisant apparaître des secteurs spécifiques de discordance dans le comportement parental que l’on pourra relier à l’émergence de caractéristiques propres au bébé.
La répétition dans les processus archéologiques
Authors: Olivier Laurent
Published: December 2017

L’auteur discute les liens entre psychanalyse et archéologie, liens qu’avait entrevus Freud, se saisissant de l’archéologie encore balbutiante de son temps comme d’un outil d’exposition et de compréhension des mécanismes obscurs et déroutants de l’inconscient. Les archéologues travaillent non pas sur le passé, qui n’est plus, mais sur les choses qui en subsistent dans l’à-présent : des monuments, des objets rares et étonnants certes, mais aussi et surtout des vestiges ; c’est-à‑dire des déchets, des débris. Or, ces restes ne sont pas inertes : ils enregistrent et accumulent de la mémoire sous l’effet de la répétition, ou plus exactement de la reproduction. Non pas une quelconque mémoire humaine, mais bien plutôt une mémoire de chose, faite d’accumulations d’altérations, de surimpositions de traces, de successions de dépôts. En se stratifiant, cette mémoire matérielle transmet des héritages , qui véhiculent autant d’effets de transmissions-transformations de formes, lesquelles produisent des contraintes morphologiques affectant le présent. En ce sens, la matière archéologique forme un composé hybride, actif bien qu’inerte, porteur de mémoire vive bien qu’historiquement terminé, dont le moteur n’est autre que la réitération.
L’entreprise, lieu commun
Authors: Severino Jean-Michel
Published: December 2017

Diverses théories de la justice ont dominé l’aide publique au développement puis l’univers de l’action publique globale. Elles ont historiquement tendu à opposer l’activité privée, lucrative et égoïste, au bien public, monopole des États ou lieu d’action privilégié des philanthropes. Cette division ne rend plus compte ni de la réalité du terrain de l’action collective ni de l’état du monde. Cet article présente en revanche l’entreprise comme une institution productrice d’externalités, soit du fait de ses objectifs, soit du fait de la manière dont elle conduit ses activités. Un enjeu important devient alors de maximiser ces externalités, soit au bénéfice de la stratégie de l’entreprise, soit au bénéfice de la collectivité. D’importantes conséquences en découlent pour les entreprises elles-mêmes, mais aussi pour les gouvernements et les institutions de financement du développement, à propos de la manière de conduire les politiques de développement dans le contexte de la mondialisation, en s’appuyant sur le secteur privé, en l’utilisant ou en le dynamisant au profit du bien-être collectif.
La migration en faveur du développement : des défis aux opportunités
Authors: Zimmermann Klaus F.
Published: December 2017

Cette contribution étudie les opportunités de la migration pour les pays en développement. Les avantages de la migration pour les pays d’origine sont souvent sous-évalués. Mais les migrants peuvent stimuler le commerce, les transferts de fonds, les innovations, les investissements dans le pays d’origine, et même rentrer chez eux à un moment donné avec un meilleur capital humain. Les diasporas qui fonctionnent peuvent devenir des facteurs de développement stables. Les politiques vis-à-vis des migrants dans les pays d’accueil développés peuvent améliorer l’impact positif de la migration en faveur du développement. Il s’agit notamment de mesures visant à favoriser l’intégration précoce des migrants dans les systèmes éducatifs et sur les marchés du travail, y compris les emplois pour les demandeurs d’asile. La double nationalité et les contrats de migration circulaire sont également des instruments possibles. La politique migratoire peut être une politique de développement efficace. Codes JEL : F22, F24, F66, J61, O15.
Commentaires sur « Migration et développement : les externalités de la diaspora »
Authors: David Anda
Published: December 2017

Outre qu’elle génère des revenus moyens substantiels pour les migrants, la migration internationale a également des effets importants sur les pays d’origine et de destination. Bon nombre de ces effets sont accentués par le fait que, dans l’économie mondialisée d’aujourd’hui, les migrants restent connectés avec leurs pays d’origine et bâtissent des ponts transnationaux. Nous commençons donc seulement à comprendre la variété des externalités de la diaspora. Je tiens à souligner deux thèmes dans lesquels nos connaissances sont encore limitées : (i) existe-t-il une corrélation potentielle entre l’intégration des immigrants et la taille des externalités de la diaspora ? (ii) en quoi les envois de fonds affectent-il la qualité de la gouvernance et les modèles de dépenses publiques dans les pays d’origine des migrants ? Codes JEL : F22, F24, O15.
Commentaires sur « Migration et développement : les externalités de la diaspora »
Authors: Barsbai Toman
Published: December 2017

Dans le lien entre migration et développement, la diaspora a souvent été étudiée à travers le prisme des flux financiers qu’elle apporte au pays d’origine. L’article de H. Rapoport étudie les retombées de la diaspora au-delà des simples envois de fonds, en les éclairant à la lumière des conclusions les plus récentes tirées de la littérature. Pour commencer, ce commentaire insiste sur la nécessité d’utiliser des cadres d’équilibre général pour analyser les externalités, car ils offrent une vision complète des liens entre la migration et les différents résultats. D’autre part, j’estime qu’en raison des politiques d’immigration restrictives en vigueur, les externalités positives observées ne représentent que la limite inférieure de l’effet réel de la diaspora. Codes JEL : F22, F24, O15, O24.
L’intégration des immigrés dans les pays d’accueil-Ce que nous savons et ce qui marche
Authors: Frattini Tommaso
Published: December 2017

L’intégration des immigrés est au cœur des préoccupations politiques dans plusieurs pays. Cet article commence par présenter que, dans la plupart des pays européens, les immigrés sont considérablement défavorisés sur le marché du travail par rapport aux natifs. Puis il s’interroge sur la façon dont les politiques publiques peuvent affecter l’intégration des immigrés. Premièrement, nous passons en revue la littérature sur l’efficacité des cours de langue et d’introduction. Ensuite nous cherchons à savoir comment différents aspects du cadre de la politique migratoire peuvent déterminer les modes d’intégration des immigrés. En particulier, nous nous appuyons sur une revue de la littérature récente pour souligner le rôle de la durée du visa et de la prévisibilité de la durée de la migration dans la décision des migrants d’investir dans le capital humain et social propre au pays d’accueil. En outre, nous discutons des implications pour la migration de réfugiés et nous nous intéressons au rôle des règles d’acquisition de la nationalité. L’article s’achève par un aperçu des conséquences pour les pays d’origine. Codes JEL : F22, J15, J61.