bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extent of Adoption of Rythu Bharosa Kendra’s Technologies and Services in Ananthapuram District of Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Anuhya P. , Khare N. K. , Bisht Kamini , Nahatkar S. B.
Published: July 2022

Rythu Bharosa Kendras are the one stop shops for all farmers needs at Panchayat level in Andhra Pradesh. They provide services like e-crop booking to avail crop insurance, Agri-input shop, Farmer Knowledge Centres, Technical Advisory team, YSR Rythu Bharosa, Polambadi (FFS), CCRC cards, D-krishi (Seed distribution), etc. A sample of 90 beneficiaries were randomly selected from Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh. Descriptive statistics including frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, mean scale value were used to analyse the data. The findings of the study indicated that, majority of the respondents (81.11%) having medium level of adoption followed by high (12.20%) and low (6.70%) levels of adoption.
Development of Biofuels as an Alternative Source to Petroleum: A Review
Authors: Mansour Rawia , Elshafei Ali Mohamed
Published: July 2022

Biofuel is a type of renewable energy created from living materials, compared to fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas, which are formed through slow natural processes. Biofuels can be liquid, gaseous, or solid. In place of petroleum and other fossil fuels, biofuel is frequently promoted as a convenient and environmentally friendly option. Since there is already a substantial infrastructure in place to facilitate their use, particularly in transportation, liquid biofuels are particularly alluring. Ethanol, a liquid biofuel that is most frequently used, is made by fermenting starch or sugar. The second most common liquid biofuel is biodiesel, which is mostly produced from oily plants (like palm or soybean oil) and to a lesser extent from other oily sources. Biodiesel is used in diesel engines and is usually blended with petroleum diesel fuel in varying quantities. Some algae species have up to 40% lipids by weight, which can be used to make biodiesel or synthetic petroleum. The four basic forms of biofuels were discussed in this review along with their benefits and drawbacks, aside from their economic and environmental concerns.
A Review Paper on Agro-food Waste and Food by-Product Valorization into Value Added Products for Application in the Food Industry: Opportunities and Challenges for Cameroon Bioeconomy
Authors: Ngwasiri Pride Ndasi , Ambindei Wilson Agwanande , Adanmengwi Vivian Akah , Ngwi Pinuh , Mah Amei Tewang , Ngangmou Noumo Thierry , Fonmboh Dobgima John , Ngwabie Ngwa Martin , Ngassoum Martin Benoit , Aba Ejoh Richard
Published: July 2022

Agricultural production, agro-industrial food processing, distribution and consumption generate high Amounts of varied food by-products and waste which place a heavy burden on the environment and cause losses to the food industry. The most common disposal methods of food wastes are the use of landfills and incineration, which lead to several environmental, social, and economic issues. However, many of these by-products and wastes have been reported to be higher than the final product in terms of nutritional or functional properties, making them potential raw materials for application in the agro-food industry. Together with the recent sustainable development goals of food security, environmental protection, and energy efficiency, these are the key reasons why food waste valorization is necessary. Valorization of food waste within the bio-economy approach offers an economical and environmental opportunity that can serve as a solution to the issues faced with the conventional disposal methods. Traditionally, in Africa, especially in Cameroon, food by-products and waste have been valorized into a range of products for application in food and food preparation, including food additives and spices, food emulsifiers and stabilizers, food salts and nutraceuticals. Traditional Waste valorization methods could achieve sustainable development in technologically underdeveloped countries by going beyond improving agro-food waste management to the production of useful biochemicals, food ingredients and food products, which can be referred to as value added products from waste. In addition, the processing and conversion of these agro-food by-products and waste generated in the poor regions of the world for the production and formulation of novel foods and biochemicals will directly benefit the local communities by reducing environmental pollution and increasing income in the food industry. This review aims at providing insight into current trends in food waste valorization using traditional methods in an African country such as Cameroon. This paper presents the variety and type of food waste within the food chain that can be valorized into various products using traditional methods. Furthermore, a series of examples of key food waste valorization schemes and value added products as case studies to demonstrate the advancement in traditional bioconversions are described, bringing out the opportunities and challenges for the Cameroon bioeconomy.
Winter Wheat Performance Following One-time High Rates of Compost and Annual Cover Crop Planting in Wheat-fallow Rotations
Authors: Brempong Mavis B. , Norton Urszula , Norton Jay B.
Published: July 2022

Aims: One-time high rates of compost were applied at 15, 30, and 45 Mg ha-1 to improve soil organic matter (SOM) and fertility in dryland organic winter wheat-fallow rotations. Cover crop mixtures (oats and Austrian winter peas) were planted in fallow phases annually to suppress weeds and reduce repetitive tillage used for weed control because the latter breaks down SOM.

Study Design: The experiment was laid-out in a split-plot design with four replications. Fertilizer (compost rates, inorganic fertilizer and no amendment control) and cover crops served as main and sub-plot factors respectively.

Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the Sustainable Agriculture Research and Extension Center, University of Wyoming, from September 2015 to August 2018.

Methodology: Soil samples, weed biomass, wheat yield and protein quality data were collected and analyzed over three years.

Results: Results indicated that 45 Mg ha-1 compost increased (P=.05) soil total carbon (TC) and nitrogen (TN) concentrations up to 25 and 19% respectively, in the last two years. Wheat yield was not affected (p>0.05) by compost or cover crops in any growing season but 45 Mg ha-1 compost increased (P=.05) protein quality by 2-9% in the first growing season. Cover crops suppressed weeds while growing in the first growing season but had varying effects on weeds in wheat phases that followed them in rotation. It was noted that soil electrical conductivity levels affected by 45 Mg ha-1 compost was 5 times lower than wheat thresholds; and soil moisture loss by cover crops did not affect wheat yield.

Conclusion: 45 Mg ha-1 compost improves soil fertility and SOM in the short term. However, significant reflection of soil changes in wheat yield may take longer time. Further research is needed to effectively integrate cover crops as a weed control measure in dryland organic wheat-fallow rotations.
Estudo Prospectivo sobre Preparações Medicinais do Chá Verde
Authors: Gonçalves Mariane dos Santos , Macêdo Ana Paula Azevedo , Izabel Janice Druzian , Couto Ricardo David , Medeiros Jairza Maria Barreto
Published: July 2022

O chá verde é considerado a segunda bebida mais popular e saudável desde a Antiguidade, perdendo apenas para a água. Dessa forma, o presente estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma prospecção tecnológica sobre as patentes que abordam as propriedades terapêuticas do chá verde para a saúde humana. As buscas foram realizadas por meio das bases de dados de patentes, Espacenet, INPI e Patentscope, em junho de 2018, com a palavra green tea e o código A61K36/82. Quanto ao número de depósitos de patentes por ano, é possível notar um aumento (mesmo com algumas oscilações) desse número ao longo dos anos. A Coreia do Sul, os EUA e a China são os países com maior número de patentes. Em relação às aplicações terapêuticas das patentes desenvolvidas do chá verde, nota-se que o tratamento dermatológico é o que mais se destaca, seguido do tratamento para excesso de peso e tratamento de doenças metabólicas.
Estudo Prospectivo sobre Tecnologia Assistiva na Educação Escolar para Criança com Deficiência Intelectual/Mental
Authors: Frasson Júlia Maciela Oliveira de Tassis , Galhardo Cristiane Xavier , Santos Vivianni Marques Leite dos
Published: July 2022

Tecnologia Assistiva (TA) é o campo do conhecimento, com característica interdisciplinar, que através do uso de produtos e serviços assistivos objetiva promover a funcionalidade relacionada participação e atividade de pessoas com deficiência, mobilidade reduzida ou incapacidades, visando sua independência, autonomia, qualidade de vida e inclusão social. É um dos meios pelo qual se pode alcançar a aplicação da Lei Brasileira de Inclusão da Pessoa com Deficiência. Assim, objetiva-se realizar uma prospecção tecnológica do panorama mundial da proteção de produtos e processos associados a TA, investigando as patentes por país de origem, evolução anual, tipo de instituição e empresas envolvidas no desenvolvimento. Para tanto, foram utilizadas as ferramentas Matriz SWOT e Roadmap Tecnológico. Constatou-se que apesar de a TA contemplar potencialidades nos mais diferentes ramos da tecnologia, é incipiente o número de empresas e universidades atuando nesta área, demonstrando a necessidade de fomento na pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inovação do setor.
Smart Cities: avaliação das características dos ecossistemas de inovação de duas cidades inteligentes brasileiras
Authors: Carvalho Sônia Marise Salles , Martin Adriana Regina , Carneiro Arthur Guimarães , Santos Eraldo Ricardo , Barbosa Anna Patrícia Teixeira
Published: July 2022

Inovações tecnológicas são facilitadoras essenciais para superar os principais desafios da urbanização e melhorar a gestão da cidade e a qualidade de vida dos cidadãos. Assim, surge o conceito de cidade inteligente (smart city), que usa tecnologia da informação e comunicação (TIC) para melhorar sua habitabilidade, capacidade de trabalho e sustentabilidade. E para que se torne inteligente ela necessita de um ambiente que propicie inovação e geração de negócios. Este estudo investiga quais são as características dos ecossistemas de inovação das cidades mais inteligentes do mundo para análise e aperfeiçoamento das cidades brasileiras. A pesquisa foi exploratória, a abordagem da pesquisa é qualitativa e o delineamento da pesquisa é bibliográfico. Foi concluído que, após a análise, as cidades brasileiras que atualmente detêm o status de mais maduras na temática de cidades inteligentes obtiveram resultados bem inferiores nos indicadores de ecossistema de inovação das quatro dimensões selecionadas: econômica, governança, capital humano e tecnologia.
Uso de Índices de Localização para Identificar Indicações Geográficas na Região Metropolitana de Brasília
Authors: Aveni Alessandro
Published: July 2022

Este artigo discute o uso da metodologia proposta pelo autor no curso de mestrado PROFNIT do NIT de Brasília sobre a utilização de análises quantitativas (indicadores locacionais – QL) e APLs para identificar Indicações Geográficas na Região Metropolitana de Brasília. Com o uso de dados quantitativos de APL e do censo agropecuário do IBGE, é possível identificar a concentração de produção para produtos locais com alto potencial para se tornarem certificados. A pesquisa exploratória mostra que a produção de mel e de morango tem uma concentração na Região Metropolitana de Brasília que poderia ser explorada com pedido de Indicação Geográfica pelas associações de produtores. Confirma-se, assim, a metodologia usada e a proposta de aumentar as análises no Distrito Federal.
Prospecção Científica e Tecnológica de Malpighia emarginata DC. (Malpighiaceae): espécie economicamente importante do Brasil
Authors: Vieira Thaynara de Carvalho , Nascimento Maria Gracelia Paiva , Bittencourt Cleiton Barroso , Andrade Ivanilza Moreira de
Published: July 2022

Malpighia emarginata DC. é uma espécie frutífera com ampla distribuição no Brasil e potencial econômico no campo alimentício, principalmente como fonte de Vitamina C. Neste trabalho, realizou-se uma prospecção científica e tecnológica em bases de dados de artigos e patentes, nacional e internacional sobre Malpighia emarginata. Na Web of Science e no SCOPUS foram indexados 169 e 179 artigos, respectivamente, enquanto, para patentes, foram obtidos 11 (EPO) e 20 (WIPO) registros. Com relação a países, a China (EPO=5 e WIPO=6) e a Coreia do Sul (EPO=3 e WIPO=4) são os maiores detentores de patentes envolvendo o desenvolvimento de pesquisas sobre Malpighia emarginata. As pesquisas tecnológicas e científicas sugerem que o gênero Malpighia tornou-se bastante conhecido principalmente devido às suas propriedades nutricionais, e, embora o Brasil possua um número significativo de publicações, é necessário que haja maior produção de tecnologias, devido ao grande avanço técnico científico para a espécie.
Perfil dos Titulares de Marca de Alto Renome no Brasil
Authors: Domingos Luis André Santos , Domingos Luis Wagner Santos , Carvalho Joelia Marques de
Published: July 2022

No Brasil, uma marca confere o direito de explorar com exclusividade determinado signo somente em seu ramo de atuação. Uma exceção a esse regramento são as marcas de alto renome. Uma marca de alto renome é uma marca de prestígio, reputação e tradição incontestáveis, que a levam a extrapolar seu ramo de atuação. Este trabalho teve como objetivo traçar um perfil mínimo do titular de marca de “alto renome” no Brasil. O trabalho foi realizado a partir da coleta de dados dos despachos de processos e petições publicados pelo Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial (INPI) para essa categoria. Observou-se que as marcas de alto renome no Brasil estão limitadas a empresas nacionais e estrangeiras com características bem definidas: empresas privadas, de grande porte, em sua maioria empresas antigas, fundadas há mais de 30 anos. Fatores como custo e dificuldades processuais podem contribuir para esta limitação de perfil.
Gestão da Inovação na Administração Pública Federal: reflexões sobre os caminhos, as barreiras e as perspectivas
Authors: Marques Bartolomeu das Neves , Lima Ângela Maria Ferreira , Souza André Luis Rocha de , Araújo Marcio Luis Valença
Published: July 2022

Para atender aos interesses da população, o setor público brasileiro vem implementando práticas inovadoras para o enfrentamento das limitações. Este estudo pretende refletir sobre os caminhos, barreiras e perspectivas da implementação da inovação no serviço público federal. A metodologia seguiu a abordagem qualitativa, exploratória e bibliográfica, por meio de pesquisas em periódicos e de consultas a sites especializados como fontes secundárias, além de documentos disponibilizados em sites oficiais. Observou-se que existe a necessidade de adoção pelo governo federal de abordagem sistêmica da inovação e de implementação da inovação organizacional nas suas instituições. Sugere-se a ampliação da participação de órgãos e de empresas no concurso Inovação no Serviço Público Federal, promovido pela Escola Nacional de Administração Pública, a realização de novas pesquisas para identificação de modelos adequados de gestão da inovação no âmbito público federal e do envolvimento de dirigentes para a cultura da inovação. O trabalho está dividido em seis seções, faz uma abordagem mais genérica acerca da inovação e das teorias relacionadas até delimitar a Administração Pública Federal.
Análise do Programa Horizon 2020 da Comunidade Europeia: modelo de eficiência no financiamento à inovação e à geração de riqueza?
Authors: Saraiva Illyushin Zaak , Morejon Camilo Freddy Mendoza , Crisóstimo Cláudia , Rodrigues Paulo Rogério de Pinto
Published: July 2022

Dada a ausência de estudos brasileiros acerca do programa Horizon 2020 da Comunidade Europeia, com investimento total de 81 bilhões de Euros em CT&I entre 2014 e 2020, o objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar esse programa, desde a sua origem até o presente momento, destacando as características principais, os resultados, o alcance global, as parcerias brasileiras, além de suas vantagens e oportunidades de melhoria e de desafios. A pesquisa é documental, baseada em artigos e em dados coletados nas bases da Comunidade Europeia que foram tratados no Microsoft Excel, construindo-se gráficos e tabelas sobre os quais realiza-se a análise descritiva. Constata-se que o Horizon 2020, embora tenha encontrado dificuldades e realizado apenas 45% do orçamento previsto, transcorridos 2/3 da sua vigência, foi capaz de atrair enorme número de propostas de milhares de universidades e instituições, contemplando centenas de países. Desse modo, salienta-se que o programa serviria como modelo no fomento à CT&I para o Brasil, sugerindo-se para a pesquisa estudos aprofundados sobre sua metodologia.
Contribuição da Oficina Profissional do PROFNIT para a Secretaria de Inovação da UFSC
Authors: Leite Breno Ricardo de Araújo , Arruda Paulo Roberto Lisboa , Ferreira Danielle Regina da Natividade , Marques Thiago Domingos , Ramos Alexandre Moraes , Frey Irineu Afonso
Published: July 2022

A Oficina Profissional é uma disciplina obrigatória do Programa de Pós-Graduação Profnit e, no caso da UFSC, constitui-se como um estágio de 180 horas que tem como intuito capacitar e contribuir na formação dos alunos em atividades práticas, executando tarefas específicas em instituições parceiras do Ponto Focal do programa. Em 2019 ocorreram quatro oficinas que trouxeram relevantes contribuições para a Secretaria de Inovação da UFSC, o que motivou a realização deste trabalho para relatar os casos ocorridos, com os seguintes temas: mapeamento de patentes, portfólio de tecnologias, cultivares, indicação geográfica, Política de Inovação e Política de Confidencialidade. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados foram prospecção tecnológica, levantamento, pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Os principais resultados foram mapeamento das patentes, estruturação do portfólio de tecnologias, proposta de política de confidencialidade e de inovação, mapeamento das indicações geográficas e cultivares da UFSC. Acredita-se que o relato dessa experiência de sucesso pode servir de referência para outros pontos focais do Profnit, além de inspiração para que iniciativas como essa sejam implementadas e replicadas nas políticas públicas envolvendo mestrados profissionais no Brasil.
Tendências Mundiais de Geração de Conhecimento e Propriedade Intelectual sobre o Microencapsulamento de Óleos Vegetais com Destaque para o Óleo de Café
Authors: Castro Julio Page de , Viêgas Carolina Vieira , Barretto Lília Calheiros de Oliveira , Freitas Suely Pereira
Published: July 2022

Os óleos vegetais (OVs) são utilizados por diferentes indústrias devido, principalmente, à presença de substâncias com potencial bioativo e sensorial. Os óleos vegetais e, entre eles, o óleo de café são susceptíveis à oxidação, o que reduz sua qualidade e seu tempo de prateleira. Uma das formas de preservar componentes dos OVs é por meio de seu microencapsulamento. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar as tendências internacionais no microencapsulamento de OVs, em particular do óleo de café por meio de patentes depositadas em bases de dados nacionais e internacionais, além de artigos científicos publicados. Nos trabalhos analisados, os óleos microencapsulados foram destinados, principalmente, à alimentação (humana e animal), à indústria farmacêutica, à preservação de compostos bioativos, etc. Apesar de ser o maior produtor e exportador de café no mundo, o Brasil não apresentou tecnologia no quesito concessão de patentes, mas o país apresentou-se como o líder na publicação de artigos científicos relacionados ao uso microencapsulamento para preservação de OVs.
Proposta de um Modelo de Análise de Projetos de Inovação Tecnológica Selecionados pelo Polo de Inovação IFCE
Authors: Wagner Lucas Queiroz , Rodrigues Antônio Wendell de Oliveira
Published: July 2022

O presente trabalho traz um breve histórico da estrutura e do planejamento inicial do Polo EMBRAPII de Inovação IFCE (PEIFCE), além de realizar a análise de diversos indicadores e a geração de um relatório de indicadores dos projetos de inovação do Polo EMBRAPII de Inovação IFCE (PEIFCE) em 2017. A metodologia utilizada para a análise dos indicadores e para o relatório de indicadores dos projetos de inovação desenvolvidos pelo PEIFCE (Polo EMBRAPII de Inovação IFCE) no ano de 2017 foi baseada no estudo dos dados e das informações encontrados no plano de ação e planos de trabalho dos projetos de inovação do PEIFCE, respeitando, em todo caso, os termos de confidencialidades dos projetos de inovação. Portanto, na perspectiva de aumentar a interação entre os atores: governo, indústria e universidade, o presente trabalho consolidou os dados quantitativos e qualitativos na realização dos indicadores e do relatório de indicadores dos projetos de inovação assinados do PEIFCE do ano de 2017.
Cancer and aging: A call to action
Authors: Braithwaite Dejana , Anton Stephen , Mohile Supriya , DeGregori James , Gillis Nancy , Zhou Daohong , Bloodworth Shirley , Pahor Marco , Licht Jonathan
Published: July 2022

Background

The intersection of cancer and aging is an emerging public health challenge in developed countries because of the aging and expansion of the population.

Aims

We convened a panel of experts to share their insights on this topic at the inaugural University of Florida Health Cancer Center's (UFHCC's) Cancer and Aging Symposium, which was held virtually in February 2022.

Methods

We featured presentations from four leading scientists, whose research spans multiple disciplines including basic science, translational research, geriatric oncology, and population science.

Results

Each speaker offered their unique perspective and insight on the intersection between cancer and aging and discussed their current and ongoing research in this field. In addition to this panel of experts, scientists from the National Institutes of Health and the National Cancer Institute, as well as a UFHCC‐affiliated citizen scientist, shared their perspectives on strategies to move the field forward. Some of the key open questions and opportunities for future research offered by these presenters in aging and cancer include but are not limited to infusing health disparities research into the field of cancer and aging, assessing the value of geriatric assessment in identifying early vulnerabilities that may affect response to emerging cancer therapies in older patients, and assessing biological age and other biomarkers (e.g., clonal hematopoiesis) in relation to clinical endpoints and the development of primary, secondary, and tertiary cancer prevention interventions.

Conclusion

Research is needed to accelerate knowledge regarding the dynamic interplay of cancer and aging and optimize care in diverse older adults to achieve equity in cancer outcomes.
Plasmon Induced Near‐Infrared Active Photocatalysts: A Review
Authors: Ghosh Utpal , Pal Anjali , Pal Tarasankar
Published: July 2022

In the recent past, near‐infrared (NIR) active photocatalysts have received tremendous research attention to harvest solar NIR energy as the solar spectrum carries abundant NIR light. Again, plasmonic materials with their intense surface plasmon resonance (SPR) activity in the visible and NIR range can be a suitable candidate for NIR active photocatalysis. However, the ultrafast energy relaxation of the plasmon‐generated hot electrons restricts their application in photocatalysis. In this review, the recent progress in the plasmon‐induced NIR active photocatalysis has been summarized. Particular emphasis has been given to divulging the mechanism to NIR modulation of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), LSPR intensification, LSPR induction mechanism in non‐noble metals, and suitable technologies to separate the photogenerated hot electrons efficiently and their exploration in photocatalytic reactions. The drawbacks, possible solutions, and potential of non‐noble metal plasmonic photocatalysis have been discussed in detail. Finally, the review ends with concluding remarks and possible prospects of plasmonic photocatalysts. It is believed that this review will inspire researchers to rationally design broad‐spectrum (UV–vis–NIR) active photocatalysts to harvest solar light efficiently.
Strong Linearly Polarized Emission from Monolayer WS2 Coupled with Plasmonic Nanocavity Array
Authors: Huang Xin , Guo Yang , Du Shuo , Bai Qinghu , Sun Chi , Hu Leyong , Zheng Ruixuan , Fu Peng , Yang Yang , Jin Aizi , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Li Junjie , Liu Baoli , Gu Changzhi
Published: July 2022

As an indispensable component of optoelectronic system, an on‐chip light source with well‐defined polarization is desirable in optical communication, signal processing and display applications. The emerging atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), due to their high quantum yield and robust valley coherence, provide an unprecedented platform to realize the high‐efficient linearly polarized light emission. Although the valley‐related optical selection rules suggest that valley coherence should be possible, extreme conditions such as cryogenic temperatures are required, which is a long‐term challenge for their practical applications. In this paper, the strongly enhanced linearly polarized emission is realized by integrating WS2 monolayers with a delicate designed plasmonic nanocavity. It is demonstrated that strong plasmon–exciton coupling gives rise to the plasmon–exciton polariton. The polariton valley coherence results in a linear polarization up to 0.32 at room temperature and contributes to 52% of the total linear polarization. Enhancement of linear polarization through polariton valley coherence can be understood as the consequence of the extra relaxation channel introduced by its plasmonic counterpart. The potential of 2D TMDC‐plasmon hybrid structure appears to be high and of significant technological interest, as well as inspires new perspectives on quantum manipulations in 2D solid‐state systems.
Bioinspired Microplate Arrays for Magnetically Tuned Dynamic Color
Authors: Zhang Xuesen , Hou Kai , Sun Yongqi , Zhang Zhongshan , Long Yue , Song Kai
Published: July 2022

Fast responding and remote controllable dynamic color is critical in many fields such as image display, senors, and camouflage. In this work, inspired by the structural color of hummingbirds, magnetic‐field driven polymer microplate arrays with dynamic iridescence are demonstrated. The microplates are coated with a layer of photonic crystal (PC) assembled by monodispersed polystyrene nanospheres. The structural color of PC is angle‐dependent, which can be dynamically switched by tuning the tilting angle of the microplates. Magnetic field manipulation is achieved by incorporating ferromagnetic NbFeB powder into the polymer film. Pattern display is also demonstrated by pre‐programing the tilting angle of microplates. This strategy enables fast remote control of high‐resolution structural color. It merits potential applications in many fields such as iridescent mark and invisible patterns for anti‐counterfeiting.
Oxygen Self‐Supplying Enzymatic Nanoplatform for Precise and Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Wei Xiaofei , Liu Jinhua , He Dan , Sun Dandan , Yang Wei , Jiao Yueying , Cui Qi
Published: July 2022

Traditional oxygen‐dependent photodynamic therapy (PDT) faces formidable challenges owing to abnormal angiogenesis and insufficient oxygen supply in solid tumors. Herein, a multifunctional nanoplatform (HRP‐DPBF‐Zn) consisting of photosensitizer zinc (II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc), singlet oxygen (1O2) probe 1,3‐diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) catalyst horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is developed. Such HRP‐DPBF‐Zn nanosystems are expected to possess catalase‐like capacity for catalyzing intracellular H2O2 to produce oxygen (O2). The enhanced O2 content further facilitates the production of cytotoxic 1O2 by ZnPc under laser irradiation. DPBF loading endows the nanoplatform with the high 1O2 sensitivity, which can promote precise PDT with fluorescent 1O2 feedback. HRP‐DPBF‐Zn exhibits excellent biocompatibility, efficient 1O2 generation, high 1O2 sensitivity, favorable H2O2‐to‐O2 decomposition, and superior fluorescence imaging properties. Both in vitro and in vivo experimental results confirm that such HRP‐DPBF‐Zn can accomplish highly specific and efficient PDT against hypoxic tumors, which shows great potential in tumor theranostics.
Multimodal Therapies against Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Review on Synergistic Approaches toward Ultimate Nanomedicine Treatments
Authors: Conte Marzia , Cauda Valentina
Published: July 2022

In the last decades, extensive research has been carried out on the understanding and treatment of pancreatic cancer. Despite the significant advances in medicine and nanotechnology, there is an increasing concern about the lack of a standardized therapy with favorable outcomes for patients affected by this malignant disease, whose survival rates are nowadays far alarmingly low. The aim of this review is to offer a comprehensive view on the topic, by drawing upon two strands of research into pancreatic cancer. First, a detailed overview on the tumor genesis, progression, and resulting intricate microenvironment is presented. Thereafter, an extensive insight into the current treatments and their evolution throughout time, with a major focus on nanomedicine approaches, are offered to the reader. With respect to previous studies, a particular emphasis is given here to innovative theranostic approaches. In the light of what is now well established by recent evidence, the focus is given to multimodal treatments involving the combination of different therapies and, in particular, of nanoparticle‐based medicine. The challenging purpose is finally of shedding light on future ultimate treatments out of the currently followed well‐worn paths.
An Ultra‐Broadband High Efficiency Polarization Beam Splitter for High Spectral Resolution Polarimetric Imaging in the Near Infrared
Authors: Hsiao Hui‐Hsin , Muller Richard E. , McGuire James P. , Nemchick Deacon J. , Shen Chin‐Hung , Harten Gerard van , Rud Mayer , Johnson William R. , Nordman Austin D. , Wu Yen‐Hung , Wilson Daniel W. , Chiou Yih‐Peng , Choi Myungje , Hyon Jason J. , Fu Dejian
Published: July 2022

A broadband, high efficiency polarized beam splitter (PBS) metagrating based on integrated resonant units (IRUs) to enable simultaneous polarization analysis, spectral dispersion, and spatial imaging in the near infrared (NIR) is developed. A PBS metagrating with a diameter of 60 mm is the key technology component of the high‐resolution multiple‐species atmospheric profiler in the NIR (HiMAP‐NIR), which is a spaceborne instrument concept crafted to be a core payload of NASA's new generation Earth System Observatory. HiMAP‐NIR will enable the aerosol profiling in Earth's planetary boundary layer (from surface to2 km altitude) by simultaneously measuring four spatial‐spectral‐polarimetric images from 680 to 780 nm. Through detailed optimization of hybridized resonant modes in IRUs, the PBS metagrating shows a diffraction efficiency of 70% (or better) for all four linear‐polarized incident light, and polarization contrasts between orthogonal states are 0.996 (or better) from 680 to 780 nm. It meets the stringent performance required by the HiMAP‐NIR exploiting a new paradigm for the broad applications of metasurfaces.
Predicting maize leaf area index by partial least square combined with wavelet transform
Authors: Wang Zhonglin , Chen Junxu , Raza Muhammad Ali , Zhang Jiawei , Tan Xianming , Saeed Amjad , Ma Jun , Yang Feng , Yang Wenyu
Published: July 2022

The leaf area index (LAI) is crucial for assessing and monitoring maize (Zea mays L.) vegetation status and photosynthetic ability. Predicting maize LAI by hyperspectral remote sensing technology is significant for managing agricultural production. In this study, three N rates (0, 120, and 240 kg N ha−1) and four drought stress treatments (60–70%, 45–55%, 30–40%, and 15–25% of field capacity), were imposed to provide the different environments for maize. The canopy spectral reflectance and LAI of maize were measured at the V6 and V12 stages. In this study, the main objectives were to investigate the performance of a new statistical method for monitoring LAI from canopy spectral reflectance. We used the canopy spectral reflectance to estimate the LAI and compared several methods of spectral analysis, including vegetation indices, wavelet functions, and the combination of continuous wavelet transform (CWT)–uninformative variable elimination (UVE)–partial least squares (PLS) (i.e., CWT–UVE–PLS), for spectral reflectance data analysis and model construction of maize LAI. Results showed that the model using the combination of db3–UVE–PLS achieved the best performance (with the highest coefficient of determination [R2] and lowest RMSE for the calibration [R2 = .979, RMSEC = .172] and validation [R2 = .861, RMSEP = .533] datasets, respectively) in estimating the maize LAI. The CWT–UVE–PLS exhibited a considerable advantage in avoiding redundant or noise information interaction and achieving excellent correlations with maize LAI.
Clinical and molecular features of patients with COL1‐related disorders: Implications for the wider spectrum and the risk of vascular complications
Authors: Takeda Ryojun , Yamaguchi Tomomi , Hayashi Shujiro , Sano Shinichirou , Kawame Hiroshi , Kanki Sachiko , Taketani Takeshi , Yoshimura Hidekane , Nakamura Yukio , Kosho Tomoki
Published: July 2022

Abnormalities in type I procollagen genes (COL1A1 and COL1A2) are responsible for hereditary connective tissue disorders including osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), specific types of Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome (EDS), and COL1‐related overlapping disorder (C1ROD). C1ROD is a recently proposed disorder characterized by predominant EDS symptoms of joint and skin laxity and mild OI symptoms of bone fragility and blue sclera. Patients with C1ROD do not carry specific variants for COL1‐related EDS, including classical, vascular, cardiac‐valvular, and arthrochalasia types. We describe clinical and molecular findings of 23 Japanese patients with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants of COL1A1 or COL1A2, who had either OI‐like or EDS‐like phenotypes. The final diagnoses were OI in 17 patients, classical EDS in one, and C1ROD in five. The OI group predominantly experienced recurrent bone fractures, and the EDS group primarily showed joint hypermobility and skin hyperextensibility, though various clinical and molecular overlaps between OI, COL1‐related EDS, and C1ROD as well as intrafamilial phenotypic variabilities were present. Notably, life‐threatening vascular complications (vascular dissections, arterial aneurysms, subarachnoidal hemorrhages) occurred in seven patients (41% of those aged >20 years) with OI or C1ROD. Careful lifelong surveillance and intervention regarding bone and vascular fragility could be required.
Facile preparation of anisotropic PLA/CNT nanocomposites by hot and cold rolling processes for improving mechanical and conductive properties
Authors: Huang An , Song Xincheng , Liu Fan , Wang Haokun , Geng Lihong , Chen Binyi , Peng Xiangfang , Wang Zhen , Tian Genlin
Published: July 2022

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the most important biodegradable polymers, however, brittleness severely limits its applications. Thus, strengthening and toughening PLA is a cutting‐edge research for both academia and industry. In this study, rolling process was applied to simultaneously improve the toughness and strength of PLA and its nanocomposites by regulating microstructure of PLA molecular chains. Results showed that crystallinity and orientation of rolled PLA and its nanocomposites were significantly improved. When rolling rate was 50% at 75°C, elongation at break increased from unrolled PLA of 5.9% to 190.1%. When the rolling rate was 50% at room temperature, tensile strength and Young's modulus increased from unrolled PLA of 59.4 and 1763.7 MPa to 70.4 and 2557.6 MPa, respectively. In addition, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in PLA/3 wt.%CNT nanocomposite rolled at 75°C for 50% were highly oriented, leading to a significant reduction in resistivity along the rolling direction, which endows it many great potential applications, such as sensor, electromagnetic wave absorption, and electronic packaging.
UiO‐66‐NH2 particle size effects on gas separation performance of cellulose acetate composite membranes
Authors: Hu Zhirong , Miu Jiayu , Zhang Xiong‐Fei , Jia Mingmin , Yao Jianfeng
Published: July 2022

UiO‐66‐NH2 (Zr‐based metal organic framework) is integrated into cellulose acetate (CA) to fabricate mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) through solvent‐casting approach. To regulate the interfacial compatibility and suppress the non‐selective voids, UiO‐66‐NH2 with different particle sizes are investigated. The introduction of UiO‐66‐NH2 provides additional pathways for gas molecules and renders the membrane with high CO2 affinity, substantially augmenting the separation efficiency of UiO‐66‐NH2@CA composite membrane. By optimizing the particle size of UiO‐66‐NH2, the non‐selective voids and the particle agglomeration can be effectively restricted. The optimum separation performance is obtained by U‐100@CA membrane (UiO‐66‐NH2: 200 nm in size), exhibiting a CO2 permeability of 168.8 Barrer with CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 ideal selectivities of 40.2 and 51.3, respectively. The separation mechanism is ascribed to the presence of sufficient amine groups, the high CO2 solubility of CA matrix, and superior inorganic–organic interfacial property.
Development of semi‐quantitative urinary sodium test strip
Authors: Lai Jiong Soon , Tan Chung Keat , Yusoff Khalid , Cheah Shiau‐Chuen
Published: July 2022

Excessive salt consumption has been associated with greater risk of hypertension. Therefore, monitoring of dietary sodium consumption should be prioritized. As sodium is mainly excreted through urine, 24‐h urine sample can be used to estimate individual sodium intake. Thus, a simple and inexpensive semi‐quantitative urinary sodium detection test strip was developed based on the enzymatic reaction between β‐galactosidase and chlorophenol red‐β‐d‐galactopyranoside. When tested, color formation was distinguished at 0 M (chartreuse yellow), 0.05 M (sunflower), 0.1–0.15 M (mango tango), and 0.2–0.25 M (persimmon) sodium. Analysis from ImageJ showed a linear result (r2 > 0.9), low SD, and significant increase in magenta difference (p < 0.01) between 0 and 0.05–0.25 M sodium. Test strip can detect 0.03 M sodium at minimum but did not last for >2 days in adverse storage conditions (laboratory conditions, ∼80% relative humidity, 40°C, and direct light exposure) when stored in test strip bottles, and even shorter when exposed to the environment. The presence of urinary potassium, urea, and glucose did not affect test strip performance. Test strip produced comparable results to flame photometry with <15% variation when tested on overnight, random spot, and 24‐h urine samples. Overall, the developed test strip can be used to enzymatically semi‐quantify 0.05–0.25 M sodium.
Complex analysis of combustion and emission parameters of bio‐renewable fuel mixtures in dual‐fuel mode
Authors: Puškár Michal , Živčák Jozef , Tarbajovský Pavol
Published: July 2022

Dual‐fuel mode internal combustion engines need perfect conditions to ignite the mixture of air and fuel without the use of a spark plug. A perfect mixture of fuel and air is essential for the most effective ignition, and this is a technical challenge. Ignition systems have been developed for use in internal combustion engines. Structural aspects of advanced combustion technology engines like compression ratio, exhaust gas recirculation rate, fuel ratio, and piston bowl geometry can influence heat regulation during the combustion process, increase the load range of the engine and reduce the formation of NOx, soot, and other emissions formed during the combustion process. This article shows how such an engine could be constructed. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mementos and the endowment effect
Authors: Chu Charlene K. , Shu Suzanne B.
Published: July 2022

This research provides evidence for a new moderator of the endowment effect: having a memento of the endowed object. Three studies adapting classic endowment effect paradigms and using a variety of endowment objects and mementos demonstrate that having a memento of an endowment increases willingness to trade the endowment and decreases selling prices for the endowment. We provide evidence that mementos attenuate the endowment effect regardless of whether the memento is a separate small gain when facing the loss of the endowment or a small part of the original endowment that is kept. Examining mementos in context of the endowment effect not only provides insight into the psychology underlying the reluctance to part with one's endowment but also other consumer disposition behaviors.
A health(y) subject? Examining discourses of health in physical education curricula across the UK
Authors: Gray Shirley , Hooper Oliver , Hardley Stephanie , Sandford Rachel , Aldous David , Stirrup Julie , Carse Nicola , Bryant Anna S.
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we present the findings from our critical analysis of the health discourses evident with physical education (PE) curricula in each UK home nation—England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. We carried out a critical discourse analysis of those curriculum documents that talk directly to PE teachers about how to organise, enact and assess PE curricula in schools. The results from our analysis uncovered that, with the exception of the curriculum in England, all PE curricula conceptualise health and wellbeing holistically. However, our analysis also uncovered complex health landscapes within curricula, where discourses move from notions of supporting and enabling pupil health and wellbeing towards a more concrete (and measurable) concept of health‐related learning, often associated with public health goals of promoting physical activity. Furthermore, although the public health discourses are presented in a way that suggests that young people will develop knowledge and skills to support their health, closer scrutiny reveals that they may be more associated with discourses of risk, promoting ‘healthy’ behaviours to avoid ‘ill health’. We conclude by suggesting that PE teachers need to develop a critical understanding of the health discourses within their PE curriculum. This will help them to navigate, interpret and enact curricula in an informed way, enabling them to challenge discourses that are deficit in nature, where pupils are taught how to be healthy, rather than having the freedom to learn about themselves and their health.
Holin‐assisted bacterial recombinant protein export
Authors: Guo Tingting , Cui Yue , Zhang Lingwen , Xu Xiaoning , Xu Zhenxiang , Kong Jian
Published: July 2022

A simple generic method for enhancing extracellular protein yields in engineered bacteria is still lacking. Here, we demonstrated that phage‐encoded holin can be used to export proteins to the extracellular medium in both Gram‐negative Escherichia coli and ‐positive Lactococcus lactis. When a putative holin gene LLNZ_RS10380 annotated in the genome of L. lactis NZ9000 (hol380) was recombinantly expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3), the Hol380 oligomerized up to hexamer in the cytoplasmic membrane, yielding membrane pore to allow the passage of cytosolic β‐galatosidase (116 kDa), whose extracellular production reached 54.59 U/μl, accounting for 76.37% of the total activity. However, the overexpressed Hol380 could not release cytosolic proteins across the membrane in L. lactis NZ9000, but increased the secretory production of staphylococcal nuclease to 2.55‐fold and fimbrial adhesin FaeG to 2.40‐fold compared with those guided by signal peptide Usp45 alone. By using a combination of proteomics and transcriptional level analysis, we found that overexpression of the Hol380 raised the accumulation of Ffh and YidC involved in the signal recognition particle pathway in L. lactis, suggesting an alternative road participating in protein secretion. This study proposed a new approach by expressing holin in bacterial cell factories to export target proteins of economic or medical interest.
NIL collectives could trigger Title IX scrutiny
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: July 2022

The name, image, and likeness issue is complicated enough as it is, but if you don't pay attention to the intersection of Title IX compliance and NIL collectives, you'll likely end up facing the perfect storm.
Prediction scores of postoperative liver metastasis and long‐term survival of pancreatic head cancer based on the distance between the mesenteric vessels and tumor, preoperative serum carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 level, and lymph node metastasis rate
Authors: Jiang Dan , Fan Xiaona , Li Pengfei , Zhou Yang , Chen Kaige , Li Hengzhen , Liu Jinshuang , Zhang Wenjing , Dai Yisheng , Sun Ning , Li Zhiwei
Published: July 2022

Background

The shortest distance between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) or superior mesenteric vein (SMV) and the tumor margin was combined with preoperative serum carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19‐9 and lymph node ratio (LNR) to evaluate joint effects on long‐term survival and liver metastasis in patients with pancreatic head cancer after radical surgery.

Methods

This retrospective study included 149 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic head cancer at Harbin Medical University Tumor Hospital from May 2011 to March 2021. The preoperative serum CA 19‐9 level and LNR were combined with the SMA or SMV distance. The joint association between long‐term survival and postoperative liver metastasis was evaluated.

Results

Based on the receiver operating characteristic curve of postoperative liver metastasis or long‐term survival, the optimal cut‐off values of SMV distance were 3.1 and 0.7 mm, respectively, whereas the optimal cut‐off value of SMA distance was 10.25 mm. The univariate model identified the liver metastasis score (p < 0.001) as a negative factor for postoperative liver metastasis of pancreatic head carcinoma. The SMV distance (p = 0.003), SMA distance (p < 0.001), LNR score (p < 0.001), and survival score (p < 0.001) were negatively correlated with long‐term survival after pancreatic head cancer. The multivariate model highlighted SMA distance (p < 0.001), survival score (p = 0.001), and LNR score (p < 0.001) as independent risk factors for long‐term survival in pancreatic head cancer.

Conclusion

Liver metastasis score may be an independent predictor of postoperative liver metastasis in patients with pancreatic head cancer. Survival and LNR scores may be independent predictors of long‐term postoperative survival in patients with pancreatic head cancer. However, the LNR score appears to improve long‐term survival.