bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the influence of lake and watershed attributes on snowmelt bypass at thermokarst lakes
Authors: Wilcox Evan J. , Wolfe Brent B. , Marsh Philip
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Snow represents the largest potential source of water for thermokarst lakes, but the runoff generated by snowmelt (freshet) can flow beneath lake ice and via the outlet without mixing with and replacing pre-snowmelt lake water. Although this phenomenon, called “snowmelt bypass”, is common in ice-covered lakes, it is unknown which lake and watershed properties cause variation in snowmelt bypass among lakes. Understanding the variability of snowmelt bypass is important because the amount of freshet that is mixed into a lake affects the hydrological and biogeochemical properties of the lake. To explore lake and watershed attributes that influence snowmelt bypass, we sampled 17 open-drainage thermokarst lakes for isotope analysis before and after snowmelt. Isotope data were used to estimate the amount of lake water replaced by freshet and to observe how the water sources of lakes changed in response to the freshet. Among the lakes, a median of 25.2 % of lake water was replaced by freshet, with values ranging widely from 5.2 % to 52.8 %. For every metre that lake depth increased, the portion of lake water replaced by freshet decreased by an average of 13 %, regardless of the size of the lake's watershed. The thickness of the freshet layer was not proportional to maximum lake depth, so that a relatively larger portion of pre-snowmelt lake water remained isolated in deeper lakes. We expect that a similar relationship between increasing lake depth and greater snowmelt bypass could be present at all ice-covered open-drainage lakes that are partially mixed during the freshet. The water source of freshet that was mixed into lakes was not exclusively snowmelt but a combination of snowmelt mixed with rain-sourced water that was released as the soil thawed after snowmelt. As climate warming increases rainfall and shrubification causes earlier snowmelt timing relative to lake ice melt, snowmelt bypass may become more prevalent, with the water remaining in thermokarst lakes post-freshet becoming increasingly rainfall sourced. However, if climate change causes lake levels to fall below the outlet level (i.e., lakes become closed-drainage), more freshet may be retained by thermokarst lakes as snowmelt bypass will not be able to occur until lakes reach their outlet level.
Enamorados ridículos: acerca del humor y la parodia en Acis y Galatea (1708)
Authors: Acuña Maria Virginia
Published: December 2022

El presente artículo analiza la famosa zarzuela mitológica Acis y Galatea (1708) de Antonio Literes y José de Cañizares a través de la mirada del humor y la parodia y dentro del contexto socio-político y cultural de la época. Se investigan dos anomalías en esta zarzuela que se utilizan para ridiculizar ciertas convenciones del género: primero, la representación satírica de los dos enamorados de Galatea––Acis y Polifemo––y segundo, los lamentos inusuales de estos dos personajes que rompen de manera obvia convenciones teatrales y dramáticas del género. Mi lectura de Acis y Galateano solo arroja luz sobre esta obra, sino que también nos ayuda a comprender mejor el género de la zarzuela misma en la España de comienzos del siglo XVIII.
DEVELOPMENT OF BALANCE IN CHILDREN PARTICIPATING IN DIFFERENT RECREATIONAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: Skaltsa Elpida , Kaioglou Vasiliki , Venetsanou Fotini
Published: December 2022

Balance, an important motor coordination ability, underlies the performance of variousmotor skills and allows for participation in common childhood activities. Research indicatesthat sport participation could support balance development in children. To confirm the aboveeffect, this study investigated whether participation in different recreational physicalactivities could induce differences in children’s balance ability. Specifically, 138 children, 5-11 years old (Mage=8.4±1.3), classified into four groups according to the activity they tookpart in (basketball, track and field, rhythmic gymnastics, contemporary dance), were assessedby the balance subset of the KörperKoordinationstest für Kinder. Pearson correlations wereapplied to detect associations of balance scores with age, height, body mass index (BMI) andshowed significant correlations for BMI (p< .001). The analyses of covariance (covariate:BMI) that were computed on children’s balance scores showed statistically significant effectsof group (p< .001). Sidak post hoc tests indicated that children participating in rhythmicgymnastics surpassed all three other groups; whereas those taking part in basketball had thelowest scores in almost every balance item. It seems that the type of physical activity a childparticipates in could be a significant contributor to the development of his/her balance.Physical activities encompassing the execution of various balance tasks, such as rhythmicgymnastics, seem to offer children greater opportunities to make improvements in this areacompared to children engaging in activities of low balancing requirements. This findinghighlights the potential that is available to coaches: they can contribute to children’s balancedevelopment by implementing sport-specific programs that target this human ability.
Exclusivity of Animation Industry Education Curriculum Raden Umar Said Vocational School Kudus
Authors: . Ermayani , . Haryono , Utanto Yuli
Published: December 2022

This research was conducted based on observations of Raden Umar Said Vocational High School (SMK), which was originally a suburban Vocational School turned into an international standard superior school with a level of progress in the animation industry education curriculum in the applied learning process. The purpose of this study was to analyze the learning process in the implementation of the animation industry education curriculum at Raden Umar Said Kudus Vocational School. This type of research uses descriptive qualitative methods with a phenomenological approach to reveal more deeply the phenomenon of the industrial education curriculum and the learning process as curriculum implementation at Raden Umar Said Kudus Vocational School. Data collection techniques are carried out by means of observation, interviews, and documentation. The source of this research data is primary data obtained from interviews with the Principal, Deputy Head of Curriculum, teachers, and students at SMK Raden Umar Said Kudus. Research data validity techniques using method triangulation and theory triangulation. The results of the study can be concluded that the learning process uses a teaching factory based on project based learning (PjBL) and PBL which develops the entrepreneurial spirit of its graduates. Students find conceptual understanding after going through the practical process in the studio. Fun studio and learning space by combining general and productive material (thematic learning) with the essential curriculum. Learning is supported by complete and sophisticated facilities from the animation room, recording room, sound editing, color grading room, mini theater. Teaching factory learning uses job sheets, block schedules, there are products and markets with assessments in the form of final assignments and work exhibitions. Industrial learning with a block learning system with learning target achievements determines the duration of learning time. Curriculum development carried out at RUS began with: 1) integrated/ synchronous curriculum alignment with industry; 2) essential curriculum (non-productive curriculum that supports major material); and 3) one competency material in the major concerned.

Keywords: Curriculum, Curriculum Development, Animation Industry Education.
Review on Analgesic activity using Tail Immersion Method
Authors: A. Rokade Snehal , V. Jadhav Rupali.
Published: December 2022

An analgesic, or painkiller, is any member of the group of drugs used to achieve analgesia-relief from pain. Analgesic drugs act in various ways on the peripheral and central nervous systems. They are distinct from anesthetics, which reversibly eliminate sensation, and include Ibuprofen, the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs] such as the salicylates, and opioid drugs such as morphine and opium. In choosing analgesics, the severity and response to other medication determines the choice of agent; the World Health Organization [WHO] pain ladder specifies mild analgesics as its first step. Analgesia/Pain is ill-defined unpleasant sensation evoked by stimulus [external / internal] – the most important symptom giving warning signal and primarily protective in nature. Analgesia due to blockade of pain nerve sensitizing mechanism induced by bradykinin, TNFα, ILs. An analgesic is a drug that selectively relieves pain by acting in the CNS or on peripheral pain mechanisms, without significantly altering consciousness. Pain is a warning signal, primarily protective in nature, but causes discomfort and suffering; may even be unbearable and incapacitating. Excessive pain may produce other effects- sinking sensation, apprehension, sweating, nausea, palpitation, rise or fall in BP, tachypnoea. Analgesics relieve pain as symptoms, without affecting it’s causes.
Employee Well-Being and Influences of it’s various Factors
Authors: Dutraj Rajeev , R. Sengupta Palas
Published: December 2022

Due to globalisation and fast technology upgrades, balancing work and personal life is very important for any employee and employer to enhance their productivity and reduce their mental stress. If mental health is satisfactory, then any employee can work to its full potential. Is it possible for an organization to keep up or track the employee's mental health? Keeping track of mental health is not possible every time, but what organizations can do is that they can come up with some employee welfare programme to enhance their self-esteem, inclusiveness, technology update to compete against contemporary competition, bring co-ordination with colleagues and maintain their work life balance. Mental wellness can only be worked out if an individual has complete integration of body, mind and spirit. Accounts and Audit can sometimes be tedious when there is weak and poor employee coordination. This can lead to stress, if annual auditing files are piled up during urgency with a priority demand from the supervisor. The preciousness and accuracy is very important when it is related to audit and accounting work. The methodology adopted for the study is exploratory factor analysis using principal component to see the various factors that can affect the employee well-being program of A.G Office of Sikkim, India towards its employees. Later on, the factors are tested for reliability test with correlation analysis. In the end, the relationship amongst the different factors and satisfaction level are analysed to see whether employee of A.G Office of Sikkim are satisfied with well-being program or not.
How to create intermediated local food system partnerships? Collective performance, collective negotiation, and collective learning
Authors: Le Velly Ronan , Désolé Mathieu , Chazoule Carole
Published: December 2022

This article describes the construction of innova­tive beef supply chains observed in the Loire and Isère departments in France. The aim for their promoters was to build intermediated local food networks without leaving the organizing power in the intermediaries’ hands. The authors take the analytical framework of the sociology of “market agencements,” which focuses on market shaping processes, to show how the ranchers, slaughter­houses, wholesalers, and retailers went about defin­ing quality, prices, and the logistics and administra­tive organization of their supply chains. They also underscore three characteristics of intermediated supply chain partnerships, namely, the search for collective performance, collective negotiation of the rules of the game, and collective learning.
Diagnostic Yield of Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy Washings among Patients of Sputum Smear Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Nusrullah Muhammad , Hamid Afeera , Rashid Muhammad , Waqas Hafiz Muhammad Taha , Rauf Abdul
Published: December 2022

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchial washing is done for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis among patients who cannot produce sputum spontaneously. Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic yield of Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy for detection of positive cases in cases of Smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methodology: All patients (n=80) were advised NPO for 6 hours before carrying out the procedure. It was done using local anesthesia while retrievement of the instilled amount by 25% was considered successful. The bronchial washings were sent for AFB staining in-order to confirm the presence or absence of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Bronchial washing smear was considered positive if 1-9 AFB/HPF are seen on direct microscopy. Statistical Analysis: SPSS v.26 analyzed the data. Stratification of diagnostic yield was done with respect to age and gender. Post stratification Chi-Squire test was applied with P-value ≤0.05 was taken as significant. Results: The diagnostic yield of FOB for detection of positive cases in cases of Smear negative PTB was 57.5%. The highest diagnostic yield was seen in patients in the age group 16-32 and 49-60 years old patients i.e. 37% in both groups. For both genders diagnostic yield for FOB was 50%. However patient’s age and gender were insignificantly associated with diagnostic yield of FOB. Conclusion: It was concluded that FOB can provide a rapid and definitive diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in sputum negative patients. Keywords: Diagnostic Yield, Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy, Smear Negative and Pulmonary Tuberculosis.
A Comparison of the Efficacy of Dapagliflozin Metformin Versus Sitagliptin Metformin: in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ishtiaque Afra , Khan Shahreen Mehmood , Azhar Salman , Mehmood Mehreen , Shahnawaz Saira
Published: December 2022

Objective: To comparison of the efficacy of dapagliflozin+metformin versus sitagliptin+metformin: in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes Methodology: In this Randomized Control Trial, we enrolled a total of 180 cases; 90 cases newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (HbA1c>6.5) in two equal groups A&B on the basis of computer-generated randomization table. Group A was allotted to the cases 100mg q.d sitagliptin plus 850 mg in addition to 500mg metformin 2 times a day. Patients of Group B were advised for 10mg qd dapagliflozin+500mg metformin 2 times a day for six months. Patients were followed up on monthly basis for any inconvenience. The final follow-up was done on 6th month of treatment. All the patients with poor/non-compliance were excluded from the study. All cases with HbA1c <6.0 were considered as effectively treated patients. Results: Comparison of Efficacy in both groups shows 44(48.9%) in Group A and 31(34.4%) in Group B, the overall efficacy was 41.7%, p-value=0.0.35 showing a significant difference. Conclusion: Dapagliflozin+metformin is significantly higher than sitagliptin+metformin for newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes Keywords: Newly type 2 diabetes, treatment, Dapagliflozin & Metformin Vs Sitagliptin & Metformin
Early Diagnosis of Sepsis in Emergency Departments, Time to Treatment and Association with Mortality
Authors: Rehman Khaliq Ur , Qazi Rizwan Aziz , Sayed Tahir Mukhtar
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Sepsis is a major cause of mortality associated with emergency department (ED) visits. In 2018, the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) recommended the following strategy to improve patient survival rates. Objectives: The main objective of the study is to find the early diagnosis of sepsis in emergency departments, time to treatment and association with mortality. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital, Barakahu, Islamabad during March 2022 till August 2022. The data was collected with the permission of ethical committee of hospital. The inclusion criteria were clinically suspected infection on presentation to an emergency department and at least two systemic inflammatory response syndrome signs, not including high leukocyte counts. Results: Out of 100 patients with sepsis, 97 were included for analysis, exclusions being due to incomplete information. 54% were male and 46% female. The age distribution was similar in both the genders with mean age being 54±2 years in males and 50±2 in females (p=0.30). Diabetes mellitus was the leading co-morbid present in 21 males as opposed to 18 females, followed by hypertension in 22 males and females respectively. Practical implication: This study will help in finding the procedure of sepsis and organ failure. Conclusion: It is concluded that procedures for recognizing sepsis and organ failure in the emergency department were delayed or not carried out in a substantial proportion of patients with sepsis. Keywords: Sepsis, Patients, Failure, Survival, Fluid
Level of Knowledge among Mother’s Uses of ORS Therapy in Diarrhea Under 5 Years of Children
Authors: Qureshi Roomana , Baloch Fozia , Kazi Naheed Haroon , Qureshi Imtiaz , Kousar Tasneem
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine mothers' knowledge regarding ORS therapy during diarrhea among children, aged under five years. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study and was conducted at the pediatric department of Bilawal Medical College for Boys LUMHS/Jamshoro. The study duration was six months, from March 2021 to August 2021. All the mothers, aged 18 to 40 years, who presented with their children under 5 years old with acute diarrhea and were willing to participate in the study were included. After taking demographic information, interviews were conducted with the mothers, and data was gathered. A self-structured questioner was used to assess the maternal knowledge in terms of diarrhea and its severity, the purpose of ORS, the ORS preparation method, the frequency of use, and the type of ORS. All the data was collected via a study proforma, and SPSS version 26 was used for the data analysis. Results: Children’s mean age was 4.0+2.58 years. Most of the children 60.5% were girls and 38.3% were boys. The majority of women, 43.2%, were educated; 30.9% had a secondary education; 21% had a primary education; and only 4.9% were graduates. Majority of the individuals 75.3% belongs to poor socioeconomic status. Overall, 82.7% of mothers were aware of the severity of diarrhea, 91.4% were aware of ORS, 61.7% believed it was used to prevent water loss, 4.9% believed it prevented salt and water imbalances, and 4.9% believed it was used to prevent diarrhea, while 28.4% were unaware. 69.1% of mothers were aware of the ORS preparation method, but 56.8% had no idea how long ORS should be used for. 49.4% of mothers said ORS should be used slowly at small intervals, few said as per demand; and the remaining had no knowledge. Although regarding types of ORS, most of the mothers 71.6% had no idea. Conclusion: As per the study conclusion, most of the mothers had inadequate knowledge of ORS therapy during diarrhea. Numerous factors, including lower socioeconomic status, maternal illiteracy, caregiver ignorance, and the inability to offer therapy, when necessary, are linked to the severity of disease. Keywords: Diarrhea, ORS, Dehydration, knowledge, Mothers
Factors Leading to Intra Uterinegrowth Restriction in Termneonates
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Rajper Kamil Ziad , Parkash Jai , Fahim Ariba , Ahmed Saeed , Kumar Manoj
Published: December 2022

Background: The pathologic inhibition of intrauterine fetal growth and in capacity of fetus to develop to its full potential are both considered symptoms of intrauterine growth restriction. Nearly 10% of pregnancies experience impaired fetal growth. Since FGR was discovered to be a cause of neonatal death, approximately 50% of still births have been determined to be FGR, leading to a drop in unexplained still birth from 67–70% to 15%. A retrospective diagnosis of IUGR is made after the fact in roughly 75% of instances, compared to a detection rate of 15% in low-risk pregnancies. Objective: To assess the factors leading to Intra Uterine Growth Restriction among term neonates presenting to a National Institute of child health Karachi. Materials and Methods : A descriptive Cross-Sectional study was conducted at Department of Paediatrics of National Institute of child health Karachi from August2019 to February2020. Using a consecutive sampling method, 116 mothers were included in the study. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: Mean age of the patient was 25.15 ±3.49 years. Mean weight, height, and BMI of the patients was 60.17±5.12kg,1.54±0.06 cm and 27.19 ±5.08kg/m2 respectively. Nulli parity was the most highest factor observed in 73 (63%) of the patients followed by low maternal BMI 64(55%), anemia 48(41%) and preeclampsia 37(32%). Conclusion: The finding of the study showed frequency of nulliparity was the found to be higher leading factor for IUGR followed by low maternal BMI, anemia, and preeclampsia among term neonates presenting to a tertiary care hospital. Keywords: Intra Uterine Growth Restriction, preeclampsia, low maternal BMI, anemia, nulliparity
Low Blood Pressure at Presentation and its Adverse Outcomes in Acute Stroke
Authors: Shahjahan Ayesha , Ahmed Syed Irfan , Saqib Syed Muhammad , Ejaz Saad Bin
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Most patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) have elevated blood pressure (BP) at presentation, which often declines spontaneously in the following days. Objectives: The main objective of the study is to find the Low blood pressure at presentation and its adverse outcomes in acute stroke. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital, Barakahu, Islamabad during July 2022 till October 2022. The data was collected with the permission of ethical committee of hospital. The data was collected from those patients who fulfill the inclusion criteria. We collect all the data related to age, sex, history of diseases, risk factors, baseline values and stroke history. All suspected strokes who presented to the ED within 24 h of onset of first symptoms were included in this prospective study Results: In our study total 100 patients were enrolled mean age was 47.7± 10 years with minimum age of 18 years and maximum age of 65 years. Lesser patients belong to younger age group (18 years to 40 years) i.e. 54 while 46 belonged to elder age group i.e. 41 year to 65 years 24.1 % and 75.9% respectively. Out of which 62 were male and 38 were female. Practical implication: Hypotension and hypertension both are inter connected and treated simultaneously. Conclusion: It is concluded that hypotension were the commonest non communicable diseases (cardiovascular) risk factors in known hypertensive patients. Low presenting BP, both SBP and DBP, are associated with poor outcome after acute stroke, even after taking account of these patients. Keywords: Hypotension, Blood pressure, Stroke, Hypertension, Outcomes
Establishing Normal Range of Fetal Pulmonary Artery and Fetal Aortic Diameter in 18-26 Weeks of Gestation in Pakistani Population
Authors: Nadeem Beenish , Malik Naushaba , Niazi Manal , Ahmad Saira , Bukhari Mariam Hassan , Khalid Arsalan
Published: December 2022

Congenital heart diseases constitute almost 0.8 to 1.2% of newborn illnesses globally however unfortunately 64% of them remained undiagnosed on conventional anamoly scan which uses four chamber view for cardiac evaluation. In developed countries, other than routine anomaly scan, the three vessel view(3VV) has been added to look for any potential outflow tract anomalies which increased the sensitivity of screening CHD however this view is not routinely used in our clinical practice due to lack of expertise and less awareness regarding the importance of this view . We aimed to establish normal reference values of fetal pulmonary and fetal aorta diameter value using 3VV so that its routine use can increase diagnostic accuracy of anamoly scan in our population. Methodology: This is a non probability convenient study investigating healthy pregnant females between 18-26weeks of gestation conducted from 04-02-2022 to 04-08-2022. After formal ethical approval, 56 patients were included in the study. After achieving 3VV,fetal pulmonary artery and fetal aorta diameter were evaluated and mean values were calculated for each gestational week. Results: The mean age of pregnant females included is 27.3 + 4.4 years (range 20 -37 years). The pulmonary artery diameter ranged from 2.3mm at 18 week of gestation to 3.6mm at 26 week of gestation. Fetal PAD is observed to correlate linearly (r=0.887) with gestational age and linear regression equation derived as PAD= (-0.52) +0.15(GA). Mean fetal aortic diameter was calculated ranged from 1.5mm at 18 week of gestation to 1.6mm at 26week of gestation. Fetal aorta diameter correlation with gestational was found to be 0.164 showing weak correlation along with insignificant regression analysis hence the regression equation cannot be formulated for fetal aorta. Conclusion: Normal mean values of fetal pulmonary artery and fetal aorta from 18-26weeks of gestation were calculated. Linear relationship was found between pulmonary artery diameter and gestational age. However weak correlation noted between fetal aorta diameter and gestational age was noted. Keywords: Fetal pulmonary artery; fetal aorta; anamoly scan; three vessel view(3VV); normal range.
Correlation between Neck Circumference and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure among Patients of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Asad Faisal , Sahito Abdul Aziz , Rahman Fasih-Ur- , Moin Madiha , . Ubedullah , Rahman Saif-Ur-
Published: December 2022

Objective: To investigate the relationship between neck circumference (NC) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), as well as to assess CPAP requirements based on the neck circumference. Material and methods: This study was carried out in the pulmonary, vascular, and sleep disorders department of the Dow University Hospital in Karachi. The study was done for six months of duration from January 2022 to June 2022. All of the patients who had obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), between the ages of 18 and 60 years, both genders and underwent CPAP therapy were chosen for this study. The polysomnography database was utilized in order to do an analysis on the Apnea-Hypopnea Index for the OSA. Neck circumference was measured at the neck’s middle sit in every participant. The neck circumference was correlated with the CPAP therapy. The structured study proforma was used to collect all the data. Results: A total of 181 individuals who presented with OSA were studied. Mean age of the cases were 52.86+12.26 years and mean neck circumference was 43.45+3.58 cm. Males were 58.0% and females were 42.0%. Majority of the cases 56.4% had severe OSA. There was a strong significant positive correlation between neck circumference and CPAP (r= 0.177, p-value 0.017) and significant positive correlation between neck circumference and CPAP (r= 0.366, p-value 0.001). Average of CPAP pressure was significantly high according to severity of OSA (p-0.0001). Conclusion: The neck circumference was observed to be the most reliable marker that significantly positively correlated with CPAP therapy and measurements of OSA and its severity, by AHI alone, seem to have a positive correlation with CPAP therapy. However, OSA evaluation and treatment can be measured for their responsiveness to CPAP based on their neck circumference. Keywords: OSA, NC, CPAP, Relationship
CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION IN YOUTUBE ADS
Authors: Kembara Getar , Kennedy Janeru
Published: December 2022

This study aims to find out how cross-cultural communication, especially Chinese culture, in the advertising video "BUKALAPAK Emang Cincai" is represented based on existing denotations, connotations and myths. Advertising is a medium that can influence the audience who watch the show. Ad makers must create creative advertisements in order to compete, so it's no wonder the use of something different such as culture is included as an element of advertising in order to attract the interest of the audience. The language of both verbal and nonverbal from each Indonesian culture has different characteristics, one of which is Chinese culture displayed by the production team of the "Bukalapak" advertisement with the intention of increasing the audience's knowledge about the cultural values embraced by a nation. Cultural signs are shown to have a meaning that is valuable and utilized for the benefit of the nation. To understand the meaning of signs, semiotics is one of the studies used in its analysis. The research method used is qualitative with a constructivist paradigm and the semiological analysis knife Roland Barthes, in the form of two-stage signification (two order of signification) denotation and connotation. The results of this study found that in this Bukalapak advertising video, it contains cultural elements represented through Chinese culture. Chinese culture in this advertisement is intended to promote the negotiation system as a form of appreciation for the celebration of the Chinese New Year. The culture that appears in the advertising video depicts the form of the cross-cultural communication context used into an advertisement
RECONFIGURATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL ORDER MODELS: CONCEPTUAL AND STRUCTURAL-SYSTEMS APPROACHES
Authors: JUC Victor
Published: December 2022

In this article, two blocks of problems were highlighted: the definition of the categorial-ideational apparatus and the conceptual-theoretical foundations of structural-systemic research of international relations and the analysis of the evolution of international systems in the conditions of structural transformations and international order in the context of changing configuration types after the end of the Cold War. International relations in the post-Cold War period have two stages in their evolution, through the alternation of stages of cooperation and conflict, and the structure of the post-bipolar international system until the events of September 11, 2001 was uni-polycentric, later becoming polycentric.
İKÂ VE USÛL KAVRAMLARI BAĞLAMINDA TÜRK MÛSİKİSİNİN MANTIKSAL YAPISININ TARİHSEL DÖNÜŞÜMÜ ÜZERİNE BAZI DÜŞÜNCELER
Authors: ATEŞ Erdoğan , ALTUNYA Hülya
Published: December 2022

Ölçülü ses ve ritim kalıplarından oluşan müziğin yapısıyla doğru düşüncenin ölçütü olan mantık arasında çeşitli açılardan benzerlikler bulunmaktadır. Müziğin ritmik kalıplarını belirleyen usûl, hem eserin uyumlu ve estetik bir yapıda ortaya çıkmasını hem de dinleyeninde eserin aynı yapıda işitilmesini sağlar. Mantık kuralları ise doğru akıl yürütmeleri yapılmasını ve bilginin nesnel bir şekilde elde edilmesine imkan verir. Mantıksal düşünmenin şeylere dair evrensel ve zorunlu kavramsallaştırmalara ve bunların bir araya getirilmesiyle oluşan yargılara nesnellik kazandırdığı kabul edilir. Türk mûsikisindeki usûllerle, mantıksal düşünmede olduğu gibi, nağmeler ve melodiler belirli kalıplar halinde devreden uyumlu seslere dönüştürülür. Bu çalışmada mantıksal ölçüt olarak Türk mûsikisindeki usûllerin esere objektif bir yapı kazandırmasının ve dinleyicide objektif müzikal yargıları oluşturmasının imkanı araştırılacaktır.
“HER BELİRLENİM BİR YADSIMADIR”: HEGEL, SPİNOZA VE AKOZMİZM
Authors: CENGİZ Övünç
Published: December 2022

Bu makalede Hegel’in Spinoza’ya yönelttiği akozmizm eleştirisi ele alınmıştır. Bu eleştiriye göre Spinoza felsefesi, sonlu dünyayı bir illüzyon olarak gören Parmenides ile aynı kampta yer almaktadır. Son dönem Spinoza okumaları Hegel’in Spinoza yorumuna yönelik yeni eleştiriler getirmiştir. Buna göre Hegel, Spinoza’nın felsefesinin bir pozitif metafizik olduğu gerçeğini göz ardı etmekte ve Spinoza’yı ait olmadığı bir konuma yerleştirmektedir. Bu pozitif/olumlayıcı metafiziğe göre dünya bir illüzyon değil, tözün doğasının sonsuz zenginliğinin bir ifadesidir. Makalede ise Hegel’in Spinoza’nın felsefesini bir pozitif metafizik öngördüğü olgusunu yok saymadığı, aksine akozmizm eleştirisinin bu türden bir metafiziğin mantıksal açmazına işaret ettiği savunulmaktadır.
Cancer and Immunology-the Homeostasis Dance
Authors: Ekine-Afolabi Bene
Published: December 2022

The human body is made up of not only tissues and blood, but also microbiota on the surfaces of the skin, mucosal membrane of the intestine, urogenital, lungs, and mouth, to form ecological niches. Some of these niches have been well studied, while some are understudied, due to the unknown presence of these microbiota in such systems. The T cell response by the immune system is one step of the cancer-immunity cycle, that maintains the prevention of autoimmunity. Cancer cells have T cell inhibitory signals, including programmed death-ligand-1, which have been identified for the development of new immunotherapies that are specifically responsible for hindering immune effector inhibition, thereby reinvigorating, and enhancing pre-existing anticancer immune response. Previous activity in immune therapies has always considered suppressive factors in the tumour microenvironment without consideration to other factors such as the genetic basis of the immune system. Attention to the immune system has always been on the response to the pathogens, or the threatening foreign target, but not on the genes responsible for regulating the immune system. The immune system is a concert of interactions between existing microbes and host. One of the major tools of cellular interaction is epigenetics. Epigenetic information regulates differentiation and development, thus can impact on pathological condition. Therefore, it is vital to understand the resident parties (constituents) in an ecosystem, the basic system behind the ecosystem and epigenetics interaction within the ecosystem (microbes and host) is vital in cancer development and treatment.
COVID-19 Pandemisinde Aile Planlaması Hizmetlerinin Yürütülmesinde Tele-hemşireliğin Önemi
Authors: KÜÇÜKKAYA Burcu , EREN Deniz
Published: December 2022

Koronavirüs Hastalığı-2019 (COVID-19) pandemisinin başlaması ve vakalardaki artış ile birlikte ülkeler, COVID-19 vakalarının tedavisi ve bulaşını kontrol altına almak için çabalamaktadır. Ayrıca bu süreçte aile planlamasını da kapsayan cinsel sağlık ve üreme sağlığı hizmetleri dahil olmak üzere acil olmayan sağlık hizmetlerine sürekli erişim konusunda sorunlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Ortaya çıkan bu sorunlara karşı ülkeler tarafından geliştirilen çözüm önerileri ve rehberlerin uygulanmasıyla aile planlaması hizmetlerinin sürekliliğinin garanti altına alınması önem arz etmektedir. Bir yıla varan sürede aile planlaması yöntemlerine erişilememesi durumunda, istenmeyen gebelikler ve anne-bebek ölümleri meydana gelebilmektedir. Bu nedenle tele-hemşirelik hizmetlerinin, pandemi boyunca bireylerin aile planlaması yöntemlerine erişiminin sürdürülmesinde anahtar rol oynayacağı düşünülmektedir. Tele-hemşirelik, yalnızca uzaktan verilebilecek sağlık hizmetlerine olanak sağlamakla kalmayacak, aynı zamanda hem toplum hem de sağlık çalışanları için COVID-19 enfeksiyonu riskini azaltacaktır. Bu doğrultuda, COVID-19 pandemisinde tele-hemşirelik uygulamaları ile aile planlaması sürecinin yönetiminde hem kadın sağlığı hem de halk sağlığı hemşireleri, acil kontrasepsiyona ulaşım hakkında danışmanlık verilmesi, oral kontraseptif hapların kullanımı ile ilgili danışmanlık sağlanması ve verilecek oral kontraseptif hapların reçetelendirilmesi ve bireylerin takibinin yönetilmesi konusunda aktif rol oynamaktadır.
Գլիոբլաստոմա: Էթիոլոգիան, դասակարգումը, կլինիկական պատկերը, ախտորոշումը, պրոգնոստիկ գործոնները, բուժումը
Authors: Առուստամյան Մ. Կ.
Published: December 2022

Глиобластомы составляют почти половину всех первичных злокачественных опухолей ЦНС. Целью данного литературного обзора является обобщение имеющихся данных об этиологии, классификации, прогностических факторах, методах диагностики и лечения глиобластом. Основными прогностическими факторами являются возраст больного (<65), общее состояние больного по шкале Карновского (>70), гистологическо-молекулярный тип и статус метилирования промотора MGMT. Приведены данные о современных подходах хирургического удаления глиобластомы, а также данные о роли лучевой терапии и зависимости выживаемости от дозы, техники, режимов фракционирования и применения сочетанной химиотерапии. Рассмотрены данные применения химиотерапии, иммунотерапии в сочетании с лучевой терапией, в адъювантном режиме, а также во время рецидивов. Несмотря на современные методы лечения, средняя выживаемость не превышает 14 месяцев.
Glioblastomas account for almost half of all primary malignant tumors of the CNS. The purpose of this literature review is to summarize the available data on etiology, classification, prognostic factors, methods of diagnosis and treatment. The main prognostic factors are the age of the patient (<65), the general condition of the patient according to the Karnofsky scale (>70), histological-molecular type and the MGMT promoter methylation status. Data on modern approaches to surgical removal of glioblastoma are presented. Data on the role of radiation therapy and the dependence of survival on dose, technique, fractionation regimens and the use of combined chemotherapy are also presented. The data on the use of chemotherapy, immunotherapy in combination with radiation therapy in adjuvant mode and also during relapses are considered. Despite modern treatments, the median survival does not exceed 14 months.
Վարակի կանխարգելման և հսկողության ծրագրերի գնահատումը Հայաստանի ստացիոնարներում 2019 թ.-ին միջազգային IPCAF գործիքով
Authors: Պալոզյան Գ. Հ.
Published: December 2022

Представлены результаты оценки программ профилактики инфекций и инфекционного контроля (ПИИК) в учреждениях здравоохранения, оказывающих стационарную медицинскую помощь. Средняя суммарная оценка программ ПИИК по стране в 2019 году характеризуется как «средняя». Методом корреляционного анализа установлены основные компоненты, по которым получены наинизшие оценки и которые максимально влияют на результаты остальных компонентов. Работа по указанным направлениям позволит скорее и эффективнее скорректировать ситуацию.
The results of the evaluation of Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) Programs in Armenian hospitals are presented. The average total rate of IPC programs for the whole country in 2019 was estimated as “medium”. Using the method of correlation analysis, the main core components were established, for which the lowest estimates were obtained and those lowest estimates have the maximum effect on the results of the remaining components. Work in these areas will allow us quickly and effectively correct the situation.
KLASİK OYLAMA YÖNTEMİNİN ELEKTRONİK OYLAMA YÖNTEMLERİNE EVRİLMESİ
Authors: AYDIN Nizamettin
Published: December 2022

Modern demokrasiler varlıklarını adil ve serbest seçimlere borçludur. Seçimler demokrasilerin pratik kazanmasını sağlayan bir dizi faaliyeti içeren süreci ifade etmektedir. Günümüzde demokratik yapıya sahip olsun olmasın dünyanın tamamına yakın ülkesinde farklı uygulama yöntemleriyle de olsa bu süreç işlerliğini sürdürmektedir. Pozitif seçim hukuku uygulamaları çerçevesinde yürütülen süreç, siyasi karar alma mekanizmalarının ülke genelinde ve yerel düzeyde belirlenmesi fonksiyonunun yanı sıra önemli kararların alınmasında da kilit rol oynamaktadır. Öyle ki seçmen, tercihiyle bir yandan genel ve yerel yönetime projeksiyon tutarken diğer yandan da özgürlüğünün, ülke yönetiminin ve geleceğinin de yönünü tayin etmektedir.
Teknolojinin hayatın her alanına sirayetinden seçim faaliyetleri de payına düşeni almaktadır. Bu bağlamda teknolojik gelişmelere karşılık gelecek biçimde seçim teknolojileri de çeşitlilik göstermektedir. Bu çeşitlilik kapsamında seçimlerin yönetimi faaliyetlerinin teknoloji ile buluşturulabilmesinin kolaylığına karşın, seçmenin oyunu kullanmaya yönelik seçim teknolojilerinin kullanılması ve geliştirilmesinin zorluğuyla da karşı karşıya kalınmaktadır.
Elektronik seçim sistemleri, seçimler ile ilgili işlemlerin dijital sistemler üzerinden yapılmasını öngören ve günümüzde birçok ülkede uygulama imkânı bulabilmiş sistemlerdir. Özellikle seçimlerin yönetimi ve denetimi faaliyetlerinin adil ve serbest yürütülebilmesi; klasik seçim sistemi uygulamalarının kendi içinde adil ve serbest seçimleri tehdit edebilecek açmazlara yatkın olması, seçmen dikkatsizliği ve tecrübesizliği sonucunda karşılaşılan ve oranları itibariyle seçim sonuçlarına ciddi biçimde etki edebilecek geçersiz oyların varlığı gibi parametreler elektronik oylama uygulamalarının gerekliliğini ortaya çıkaran koyan başlıca olumsuzluklardır.
Bu makalede elektronik oylama sistemlerine ilişkin uygulamalar teorik açıdan ele alınarak bazı dünya pratiklerinden örnek ortaya konulmak suretiyle, seçim sürecinin en önemli aşaması olan seçmenin oy kullanması sürecindeki uygulanabilirliği seçimlerin yönetimi ve denetimi bağlamında tartışılacaktır.
Catalog of Type Specimens of Recent Caudata and Gymnophiona in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution
Authors: Tighe Kenneth A.
Published: December 2022

The known type specimens of Caudata and Gymnophiona in the collection of the Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, published through 2021, represent 288 names of taxa. The list is arranged alphabetically by family within Caudata and Gymnophiona and alphabetically by genus and species, as described originally within family. Each entry provides both original and current accepted genus and species names, author(s), date of publication, abbreviated type citation, page of original description, current type status, USNM (U.S. National Museum) catalog number, number of specimens, locality, collector, and date collected. Also included for each taxon are the published type locality; type material at other institutions; an etymology; and remarks on corrections or additional data for original type records, changes in type status, and information pertaining to lost, exchanged, or destroyed specimens. An index of scientific names follows the catalog.
YERLİ VE YABANCI KRONİK HEPATİT C HASTALARINDA HCV GENOTİPLERİNİN DAĞILIMI: ALTI YILLIK DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: ARICI Neslihan , KANSAK Nilgün , ADALETİ Rıza , AKSARAY Sebahat , ANKARALI Handan
Published: December 2022

Kronik Hepatit C enfeksiyonunun tedavisi ve prognozunun belirlenmesinde Hepatit C virüs (HCV) genotip tayini kilit rol oynamaktadır. HCV genotip dağılımı, bölgesel farklılıklar gösterdiği için güncel verilerin takibi önemlidir. Bu çalışmada İstanbul ilinde altı yıllık süre içinde HCV genotip dağılımının ve dağılımdaki değişikliklerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Çalışmaya, hastanemize Ocak 2016-Aralık 2021 tarihleri arasında başvuran ve HCV genotiplendirmesi yapılan erişkin hastalar dahil edilmiştir. Hastalara ait demografik veriler hastane elektronik bilgi sistemi üzerinden retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir.
Çalışmaya alınan 386 hastanın %52.1’i kadın, ortalama yaş 56.1±15.5 idi. Hastaların %59.3’ünde Genotip1b, %15.3’ünde Genotip 3, %10.6’sında Genotip 1a, %2.6’sında Genotip 2, %2.6’sında miks genotip ve %2.1’inde Genotip 4 saptanmıştır. Genotip 1b’de 2018 yılında bir artış saptanırken, Genotip 3 2021 yılında, 2019 ve öncesine göre daha yüksek oranda bulunmuştur. Genotip 4, 2016' ya göre 2019 ve 2020 yıllarında anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Miks genotip’in son üç yılda 2017'ye göre anlamlı düzeyde yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Yaş, cinsiyet ve viral yük açısından genotip dağılımında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır.
Sonuç olarak, hastalarımızda en sık saptanan Genotip1b, genotipler arasında ilk sıradaki yerini hala korumaktadır. Genotip 3 ve 4 oranları ise yıllar içinde anlamlı düzeyde değişikliğe uğramış ve her iki genotipin büyük çoğunluğunu yerli hastaların oluşturması dikkat çekici bulunmuştur. İstanbul hem turistik faaliyetler hem de göç sebebiyle farklı coğrafyalardan insan hareketliliğinin yoğun olduğu bir şehir olması sebebiyle, HCV genotip değişimlerinden farklı düzeyde etkilenmektedir. Bu değişimlerin düzenli takibi; tedavi seçimine yön vermesi ve prognozun belirlenmesinin yanısıra, yerel kontrol programlarının geliştirilmesi noktasında epidemiyolojik veriye katkı sağlaması açısından da önemlidir.
NOZOKOMİYAL ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII İZOLATLARINDA METALLO-BETA-LAKTAMAZ AKTİVİTESİNİN ÇEŞİTLİ FENOTİPİK YÖNTEMLERLE ARAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: ASLAN Sulhiye , YENİŞEHİRLİ Gülgün , YENİŞEHİRLİ Aydan
Published: December 2022

Gram negatif non-fermentatif bakteriler içerisinde Acinetobacter baumannii önemli nozokomiyal infeksiyon etkenlerinden biridir. Yapılan çalışmalar tüm dünyada ve ülkemizde çeşitli antibiyotik gruplarına direnç geliştiğini göstermektedir. Pek çok antimikrobiyal ajana dirençli olan Gram negatif bakteri infeksiyonlarının tedavisinde en etkin kullanılan antibiyotikler karbapenemlerdir. Son yıllarda, A.baumannii suşlarında karbapenem grubu antibiyotiklere karşı hızlı bir şekilde direnç gelişmektedir. Karbapenemlere karşı gelişen direnç mekanizmalarından birisi de bakteriler tarafından metallo beta-laktamaz (MBL) üretilmesidir. Bu çalışmada, MBL üreten ve karbapenem dirençli Acinetobacter baumannii izolatlarının antimikrobiyal duyarlılık durumlarının belirlenmesinin yanı sıra MBL aktivitesini saptamakta kullanılan fenotipik yöntemlerin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır.

Çalışmaya çeşitli klinik örneklerden izole edilen karbapenem dirençli 100 A. baumannii izolatı dahil edilmiştir. İzolatların tanımlamaları ve antibiyotik duyarlılık testleri VITEK 2-Compact (bioMérieux, Fransa) otomatize sistemi ile yapılmıştır. MBL varlığı çift disk sinerji testi, kombine disk difüzyon testi ve modifiye Hodge testi (MHT) olmak üzere üç fenotipik yöntem ile test edilmiştir.

Çalışmaya alınan karbapenem dirençli A. baumannii izolatları en sık balgamdan (%74) izole edilmiştir. Çalışılan izolatların %83’ü yoğun bakım ünitelerinden, %17’si servislerden gönderilen örneklerde saptanmıştır. Bu izolatlarda antibiyotik duyarlılık oranları aşağıdaki gibidir: gentamisin %19, tobramisin %27, amikasin %59, imipenem %0, meropenem %2, siprofloksasin %0, levofloksasin %0, trimetoprim/sülfametoksazol %0, kolistin %98. Karbapenem dirençli 100 A. baumannii izolatının 34’ünde çift disk sinerji testiyle 46’sında kombine disk difüzyon testiyle, 88’inde MHT ile MBL üretimi saptanmıştır. Yüz karbapenem dirençli A. baumannii izolatının sadece 23’ünde fenotipik yöntemlerin üçüyle de MBL üretimi tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmaya dahil edilen karbapenem dirençli 100 A. baumannii izolatlarına karşı en etkili antibiyotik kolistin (%98) olmuştur. Karbapenem dirençli izolatlarda siprofloksasin, levofloksasin ve trimetoprim/sülfametoksazole yüksek direnç saptanmıştır. Karbapenem dirençli A. baumannii izolatlarında MBL saptamak için kullanılan fenotipik yöntemler karşılaştırıldığında, MHT diğer yöntemlerden daha üstün bulunmuştur (p
TÜRKİYE'DE YETİŞTİRİLEN CITRUS MAXIMA (ŞADOK) MEYVESİNİN ATIK KISIMLARINDAKİ ANTİOKSİDAN, FENOLİK VE FLAVONOİD MADDE MİKTARLARININ BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: BURAN Abayhan
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de yetiştirilmiş Citrus maxima (Şadok) meyvesinin gıda tüketim atığı olarak nitelendirilebilecek dış kabuk ve albedo kısmının antioksidan, fenolik ve flavonoid madde miktarlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Meyve kısmından ayrılan atık parçalar kurutularak etanol, metanol ve saf su ile ekstrakte edilmiştir. Dış kabuk ekstrelerinden elde edilen sonuçlara göre fenolik madde için en yüksek değer 59.64±1.95 mg/g Gallik Asit Eşdeğeri, flavonoid madde miktarı için 36.56±1.75 mg/g Quercetin Eşdeğeri ve antioksidan madde miktarı için en yüksek değer 2.37±0.50 mmol/g Troloks Eşdeğeri Antioksidan Kapasite olarak elde edilmiştir. Albedo ekstrelerinden elde edilen sonuçlara göre fenolik madde miktarı için en yüksek değer 77.72±2.56 mg/g GAE, flavonoid madde miktarı için 52.91±2.99 mg/g QE ve antioksidan madde miktarı için en yüksek değer 1.19±0.11 mmol/g TEAC olarak elde edilmiştir. Çözücülerin kıyaslamaları grafik olarak verilmiştir. Bu sonuçlarla birlikte atık olarak değerlendirilebilecek şadok kabuklarının fenolik madde, flavonoid madde içerdiği ve antioksidan aktivite gösterdiği ortaya konmuştur. Bu sonuçlar zaman ve ekonomik tasarruf açısından ilerideki çalışmalara yol gösterebilecektir.