bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yeast elongation factor homolog New1 protects a subset of mRNAs from degradation by no-go decay
Authors: Müller Max , Tittel Lena Sophie , Petfalski Elisabeth , Iyer Kaushik Viswanathan , Pastore Stefan , Butto Tamer , Winz Marie-Luise
Published: November 2024

New1 is a homologue of the essential yeast translation elongation factor eEF3. Lack of New1 has previously been shown to induce queueing of ribosomes upstream of the stop codon on mRNAs encoding specific C-terminal amino acids, primarily lysine and arginine. Here, we used UV crosslinking and analysis of cDNA, long-read nanopore sequencing and proteomics to address the open question of what consequences such queues have for the yeast cell. We show that these queues are ribosomal collisions, which are recognized by the collision sensor and E3 ubiquitin ligase Hel2, marking these collided ribosome complexes for mRNA degradation via canonical no-go decay. Decay is initiated by Cue2-mediated cleavage upstream of the stop codon. Ultimately, this leads to downregulation of encoded proteins, including highly abundant and important metabolic enzymes Pgk1 and Gpm1, as well as translation elongation factors eEF1-alpha and eEF1-beta. Collisions and resulting downstream effects are codon-, rather than amino acid dependent. E.g., for C-terminal lysine and arginine, only specific codons induce collisions upon lack of New1. Our study shows that New1 protects highly abundant and essential genes from degradation by no-go decay thatwould otherwise occur in the absence of translation inhibitors or other direct perturbations of translation.
Jet quenching in the glasma phase: Medium-induced radiation
Authors: Barata João , Hauksson Sigtryggur , Mayo López Xoán , Sadofyev Andrey V.
Published: November 2024

Inspired by the recent considerations of parton momentum broadening in the glasma phase, we study the medium-induced soft gluon radiation of jet partons at early times in heavy-ion collisions. The glasma state is assumed to be comprised of independent color domains with homogenous longitudinal fields that vary event by event, and we further complete this model with an event-averaging procedure accounting for the finite correlation length. Using this description, we evaluate the rate of medium-induced radiation from an energetic parton at midrapidity in the glasma phase. We mainly focus on SU(2) color fields for simplicity, also referring to the U(1) case and comparing with the Baier, Dokshitzer, Mueller, Peigné, Schiff, and Zakharov rate to gain further insight. Our results show that there is an intricate interplay of the synchrotron-like radiation in a single color domain with the destructive interference between different color domains, after the medium averaging is performed. Thus, we find that the emission rate is sensitive to the matter structure, decreasing for a glasma state populated by smaller color domains—i.e., for a glasma with a larger characteristic saturation scale. Our approach can be applied to more realistic backgrounds, and it sets the stage for the modeling of jet evolution in the early stages of heavy-ion collisions.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Spontaneous leptogenesis with sub-GeV axionlike particles
Authors: Datta Arghyajit , Manna Soumen Kumar , Sil Arunansu
Published: November 2024

A derivative coupling of an axionlike particle (ALP) with a B−L current may lead to the baryon asymmetry of the Universe via spontaneous leptogenesis provided a lepton number breaking interaction prevails in thermal equilibrium. Conventionally, such scenario works only for heavy ALPs and high reheating temperature due to the fact that the same lepton number breaking contribution is tied up with neutrino mass generation also. In this work, we propose inert Higgs doublet assisted lepton number violating operator to relieve such tension so as to generate lepton asymmetry (of freeze-in/out type) with a much lower reheating temperature that can accommodate light (sub-GeV) ALPs sensitive to current and future ALP searches.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Hadronic rescattering to solve the helicity puzzle in
B+→pp¯π+(K+)
decays
Authors: Bediaga I. , Shalchi M. A. , Frederico T. , Magalhães P. C.
Published: November 2024

We explore the contribution of hadronic final state interactions (FSI) to propose a production mechanism and interpret the puzzle on helicity angle distributions in B+→pp¯π+ and B+→pp¯K+ decays. Experimental results indicate opposite helicity angle θp distributions in those two channels with the difference presenting a remarkable linear dependence on cosθp. We assume the production mechanism is driven by B+→xym+→pp¯m+, where m=π or K, and xy represents favorable mesonic decay channels producing pp¯. We develop a model that includes a three-body final state interaction between the p,p¯, and π+ or K+ considering the dominance of elastic channels π+p and K+p¯ interactions below 2  GeV/c2. Our three-body framework with FSI explains qualitatively the observed opposite behavior of the helicity distributions and the observed linearity.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Proposal for broad-range directional detection of light dark matter in cryogenic ice
Authors: Taufertshöfer Nora , Garcia-Sciveres Maurice , Griffin Sinéad M.
Published: November 2024

We propose hexagonal ice (H2O) as a new target for light dark matter (DM) direct detection. Ice, a polar material, is suitable for single phonon detection through DM scattering for which we consider light dark photon and light scalar mediator models. We report a rate sensitivity down to a DM mass of ∼keV, constituting a broader mass range than other promising candidates. We find better sensitivity for near-term experimental thresholds from the presence of high-frequency phonons. These advantages, and ice’s availability, make it highly promising for single-phonon detection.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
New Upper Limit on the Axion-Photon Coupling with an Extended CAST Run with a Xe-Based Micromegas Detector
Authors: Altenmüller K. , Anastassopoulos V. , Arguedas-Cuendis S. , Aune S. , Baier J. , Barth K. , Bräuninger H. , Cantatore G. , Caspers F. , Castel J. F. , Çetin S. A. , Christensen F. , Cogollos C. , Dafni T. , Davenport M. , Decker T. A. , Desch K. , Díez-Ibáñez D. , Döbrich B. , Ferrer-Ribas E. , Fischer H. , Funk W. , Galán J. , García J. A. , Gardikiotis A. , Giomataris I. , Golm J. , Hailey C. H. , Hasinoff M. D. , Hoffmann D. H. H. , Irastorza I. G. , Jacoby J. , Jakobsen A. C. , Jakovčić K. , Kaminski J. , Karuza M. , Kostoglou S. , Krieger C. , Lakić B. , Laurent J. M. , Luzón G. , Malbrunot C. , Margalejo C. , Maroudas M. , Miceli L. , Mirallas H. , Navarro P. , Obis L. , Özbey A. , Özbozduman K. , Papaevangelou T. , Pérez O. , Pivovaroff M. J. , Rosu M. , Ruiz-Chóliz E. , Ruz J. , Schmidt S. , Schumann M. , Semertzidis Y. K. , Solanki S. K. , Stewart L. , Vafeiadis T. , Vogel J. K. , Zioutas K. ,   CAST Collaboration
Published: November 2024

Hypothetical axions provide a compelling explanation for dark matter and could be emitted from the hot solar interior. The CERN Axion Solar Telescope has been searching for solar axions via their back conversion to x-ray photons in a 9-T 10-m long magnet directed toward the Sun. We report on an extended run with the International Axion Observatory pathfinder detector, doubling the previous exposure time. The detector was operated with a xenon-based gas mixture for part of the new run, providing technical insights for future configurations. No counts were detected in the 95% signal-encircling region during the new run, while 0.75 were expected. The new data improve the axion-photon coupling limit to 5.8×10−11  GeV−1 at 95% CL (for ma≲0.02  eV), the most restrictive experimental limit to date.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Eu3+-doped bismuth silicate crystal structure and Mulliken charge analysis
Authors: Zhang Yan , Xiao Xuefeng , Huang Yan , Si Jiashun , Liang Shuaijie , Xu Qingyan , Zhang Huan , Ma Lingling , Yang Cui , Zhang Xuefeng , Xu Jiayue , Tian Tian , Shen Hui
Published: November 2024

The effects of Eu3+ doping on the crystal structure and charge distribution of Bi4Si3O12 (BSO) bisilicate, based on first principles and density functional theory (DFT), were calculated and analyzed using Materials Studio software. The effect of different proportions (1/12, 1/6 and 1/3) of Eu3+ doping on BSO crystals was investigated using the virtual crystal approximation method. Through Mulliken charge analysis, it is found that a high proportion of Eu3+ doping will destroy the symmetry of the crystal structure. With an increase of the Eu3+-doping ratio, the Eu—O bond length first increased and then decreased, showing the characteristics of covalent bonds, and the Eu—O bond length reached the minimum value when the Eu3+-doping ratio was increased to 1/3. With an increase in the Eu3+-doping ratio, the Bi—O bond length decreases sequentially and also reaches the minimum value when the Eu3+-doping ratio was increased to 1/3. This indicates that the covalence between the Eu—O and Bi—O atoms is enhanced when the doping ratio is 1/3 when BSO crystals are doped with Eu3+.
Craft breweries, neolocalism and visual social media marketing
Authors: Nelson Velvet
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Craft breweries have a growing role in the beer tourism niche as a place-based attraction but also in daily life as a community space. Research has examined how such breweries can appeal to both tourist and local markets through neolocalism in the form of place branding and local embeddedness. This paper aims to consider the extent to which breweries communicate neolocal themes in visual social media marketing through Instagram images.

Design/methodology/approach

This research examines 3,299 Instagram images posted on the official accounts of 13 Houston, Texas (USA) microbreweries and taproom breweries over the course of 2022. Content-semiotic analysis identifies key themes in these images and explores the extent to which breweries signify neolocal themes through these images.

Findings

Manifest image content generally appeals to interests in consuming beer and communicates logistical information about if, and when, to visit the brewery. Elements in Instagram images have the potential to convey meanings about neolocalism in the craft beer product, branding, local embeddedness and place-based experiences but such strategies have not been extensively developed or used.

Originality/value

Although both academic and industry sources recognize the importance of social media and visual content in connecting with potential consumers, to the best of the author’s knowledge, this study is the first to examine the extent to which breweries employ neolocal strategies through social media marketing.
Information security policy compliance: a replication study in Ethiopia
Authors: Aebissa Berhanu , Dhillon Gurpreet , Meshesha Million
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to replicate and assess the applicability and generalizability of Bulgurcu et al.'s (2010) information security policy compliance model to participants from Ethiopia, focusing on understanding compliance behavior with information security policies (ISPs).

Design/methodology/approach

The study replicates Bulgurcu et al.’s (2010) research methodology. They empirically tested their model using data collected through a survey of 464 employees from a diverse set of organizations in the United States. In this study, the authors used a self-administered survey approach to collect data from 318 valid responses from university students in Ethiopia. The structural equation modeling technique with SmartPLS 4.0 is used to test hypotheses derived from the original model.

Findings

The replication results confirm most of the hypotheses from the original study, indicating that their model is generalizable to the Ethiopian population. However, the study also identifies differences between the original and replicated results, suggesting potential cultural variations requiring further examination.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature by replicating and extending the original study’s findings in a different cultural context, namely Ethiopia. It highlights the importance of understanding compliance behavior with ISPs across diverse populations and emphasizes the need for future replication studies to explore the impact of culture on intention toward information security behavior.
Logistics digitalization and the third-party logistics blue-collar employees performance: the role of paradoxical leader behavior
Authors: Ashraf Muhammad Hasan , Triki Anis , Yalcin Mehmet G.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study examines the impact of third-party logistics (3PL) supervisors’ paradoxical leader behavior (PLB) on the relationship between logistics digitalization and 3PL blue-collar employee performance. 3PLs often lag in digitalization due to blue-collar employees struggling with learning paradoxes, i.e. the tension between abandoning the known methods in favor of new ones. In such situations, 3PL supervisors play a crucial role in helping their subordinates manage these tensions. By incorporating a paradox theory lens, we propose that 3PL supervisors’ PLB acts as a supportive tool, motivating blue-collar employees to address learning paradoxes, thereby improving their operational performance.

Design/methodology/approach

We conduct a scenario-based behavioral experiment in which participants assume the role of a package sorter in a fictional 3PL hub setting. Participants engage in a custom-designed package sorting game that mimics a real-life hub sorting operation.

Findings

The results indicate that digitalization combined with supervisors’ PLB significantly improves blue-collar employee performance, with the most substantial improvement observed in the high digitalization and high PLB condition than all other conditions.

Originality/value

Our research examines the impact of digitalization on blue-collar employees’ performance through a paradox theory lens. We demonstrate that 3PLs can maximize digitalization benefits by ensuring supervisors exhibit high PLB. Also, we introduce a package sorting game for researchers to conduct experiments related to digitalization and hub operations.
Interdisciplinary mobility: an approach to measuring interdisciplinary learning outcomes by using curricular checkpoints
Authors: Ye Huiyuan
Published: November 2024

Purpose

UNESCO’s ESD for 2030 Agenda places interdisciplinarity at the top of the three interrelated strategies for higher education contributions. However, more needs to be known about interdisciplinarity from a learning perspective, especially its measured relationship with learning outcomes. Does interdisciplinarity improve or hinder learning outcomes? What specific learning outcomes are more sensitive to interdisciplinarity? If a university prides itself on interdisciplinary teaching and learning, how is it fulfilled based on its curriculum? This study aims to focus on an intentionally interdisciplinary undergraduate curriculum at a Chinese university to answer these questions.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopts a concept of interdisciplinary mobility to observe the extent to which undergraduate students would intentionally navigate across academic divisions at key curricular checkpoints. It then adopts student self-reporting on a set of institutional learning outcomes, aligned with AAC&U’s VALUE framework, to examine the correlations between the mobility patterns and the self-reported outcomes. Finally, it uses the qualitative self-reported data to deepen alignment between the institutional learning outcomes and the VALUE framework.

Findings

The study finds that students demonstrate distinctive patterns of interdisciplinary mobility when they intentionally navigate across academic divisions at key curricular checkpoints. Students make these decisions, which allow them to become interdisciplinarily wider, narrower or as is. Some of these mobility patterns show significantly positive or negative correlations with the self-reported outcomes, e.g. research capabilities. One mobility pattern demonstrates particularly higher self-reported outcomes.

Originality/value

This study introduces a concept of interdisciplinary mobility, which could inspire creative use of curricular checkpoints and therefore allow examining interdisciplinarity vertically vis-à-vis horizontally.
A comparative study on perceived experiential value and behavioral intentions in robot-enhanced restaurants: examining cultural and gender differences
Authors: Kenebayeva Ainur , Cavusoglu Muhittin , Hasan Rajibul , Tazhina Gainiya , Abdunurova Assem
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to (a) investigate the effects of robot service efficiency, enthusiastic curiosity, escapist experience and sense of security on perceived experience value (PEV) and identify which dimension is the strongest determinant of PEV; (b) examine PEV’s effect on behavioral intention to dine in a robot-enhanced restaurant (RER); (c) examine cultural differences (Kazakh vs. United States consumers) on these dynamics; and (d) examine gender’s moderating effect between PEV and behavioral intention to dine in an RER.

Design/methodology/approach

The data were collected through a self-administered online survey based on a convenience nonprobability sampling technique with participants in Kazakhstan and the US Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to investigate relationships between the constructs.

Findings

The findings indicated that PEV was influenced positively and significantly by robot service efficiency, enthusiastic curiosity, escapist experience and sense of security. Gender moderated the relationship between PEV and behavioral intention. Also, multigroup analyses found notable behavioral differences between Kazakh and US participants.

Originality/value

Grounded in Expectancy-value Theory, the present study demonstrated the effects of experiential (escapist experience), psycho-emotional (enthusiastic curiosity) and quality conditions (service efficiency and sense of security) on PEV and consumers’ behavioral intentions, with variations observed across genders and cultures.
Digital preservation strategies for historical records in the age of AI and the metaverse
Authors: Ailakhu Ugonna Vivian
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore digital preservation strategies for historical records, focusing on the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and the metaverse. It examines how AI-driven technologies and immersive virtual spaces can enhance the accessibility, integrity and usability of digitized historical archives.

Design/methodology/approach

The research draws on literature from AI, digital preservation and archival studies to analyze current trends and challenges in preserving digital records. It evaluates the role of AI in automating preservation processes and examines the potential of the metaverse for interactive engagement with historical data. Ethical considerations regarding data privacy and ownership are also discussed.

Findings

AI enhances digital preservation by streamlining digitization and predictive record management. The metaverse offers a novel platform for immersive engagement with historical records, allowing users to interact with and experience archives in dynamic, virtual environments. However, challenges related to data ownership, privacy and the integrity of historical records must be addressed to ensure sustainable preservation efforts.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the growing body of research on the intersection of emerging technologies and digital preservation. It offers new insights into how AI and the metaverse can reshape archival practices, highlighting both opportunities and ethical challenges for institutions tasked with preserving historical records in an increasingly digital world.
Do brand coolness and brand romance synchronize with sustainability? Insights from a mixed-method approach
Authors: Singh Gursimranjit , Kaur Jasmeet , Kumar Arvind
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to analyse the synchronization sustainability has with coolness and how promotion of sustainable fashion can be dealt in an ameliorate way. It also provides insights to the fashion brands on how they can engage customers through brand coolness and romance for meliorated bottom and top lines.

Design/methodology/approach

It employs a mixed-method approach through the combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods. For qualitative part, data are garnered through in-depth interviews (n = 23) with sustainable brand owners, marketers, academicians, bloggers and influencers having different roles to play in the strategizing sustainability, slow fashion and consciousness amongst Gen Z. On the other hand, quantitative data are collected from apparel shoppers (n = 688) through structured questionnaire.

Findings

The qualitative data transcribed are analysed through NVivo, and findings received in this regard limns that sustainable fashion to be embellished as cool. Moreover, brand coolness has a relationship with sustainable fashion, emotional attachment factor such as brand romance affect purchase intention of sustainable fashion clothing. Furthermore, brand romance is identified as a mediating variable between brand coolness and purchase intention of sustainable clothing.

Research limitations/implications

Limitations of the study is that with a structured interview, the respondents could not be asked to freely associate “anything related to cool”, rather they were directly asked to “define cool” and tell whether “they think sustainability in fashion can be stated as cool”. Without this constrain, the result could have been possibly being different. Moreover, the participants for the quantitative study were from developing countries which leads to limited generalizability of research findings.

Practical implications

This research attempts to develop an understanding of sustainable fashion so that brand managers can face the present challenges in a better way. The findings in this attempt of ours suggest that the sustainable fashion can be better employed only when both customers and brands are acting responsible. To make customers purchase the brands, the organizations must connect consumers through coolness and romance towards their brand.

Originality/value

When there is dearth of literature on the association sustainability has with coolness, the present study holds originality in adding to the literature on the pertinent aspect. Besides this, the present study addresses the lack of an academic understanding of literature on sustainable fashion in its own way through conduct of in-depth interviews with experts working in the area of sustainable fashion and then validating the same by surveying the Gen Z buyers of sustainable clothes.
Remaining useful life prediction of rolling bearings based on parallel feature extraction
Authors: Li Chao , Zhai Weimin , Fu Weiming , Qin Jiahu , Kang Yu
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to introduce a method for predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) of bearings based on parallel feature extraction. The proposed model provides prior knowledge and removes redundant handcrafted feature information, additionally, which focuses on the important features at different time scales.

Design/methodology/approach

Distinct from traditional parallel feature extraction methods, which can lead to information redundancy, a one-dimensional convolutional autoencoder is introduced to process selected indicators to remove redundancy and retain useful feature information. To fully capture the important degradation information within different stages in the feature sequences, a novel multi-scale attention feature fusion module is proposed to extract degradation features at different time scales. Considering the impact of degradation modes on RUL prediction, a dual-task prediction module based on no degradation mode labels is designed to obtain accurate RUL.

Findings

Comparative experiments and ablation studies on the PHM2012 bearing dataset verified the effectiveness of the proposed method. Furthermore, the rationality of the selected parameters is confirmed through model parameter analysis.

Originality/value

The novelty of the proposed method is that it not only provides prior knowledge but also further removes redundant information from prior knowledge. In addition, the distribution differences between the original features and their multi-scale convolution results are measured through Kullback–Leibler divergence as the attention scores, which allows the proposed method to focus on important information at different time scales.
Task-technology synergy of augmented reality retail technology features: a meta-analysis
Authors: Gupta Parul , Chauhan Sumedha , Goel Sandeep
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The integration of augmented reality retail technology (ARRT) in retailing industry has emerged as a key driver for transforming the consumer experiences and driving online sales. However, inconsistent findings in the existing research literature highlight the need for subsequent research efforts. The purpose of this study is to examine how augmented reality (AR) features like interactivity, flow experiences, augmentation and consumer engagement, contribute to retailer’s success in the online marketplaces.

Design/methodology/approach

This meta-analysis study uses the theoretical lens of task-technology fit to synthesize and analyze the empirical results of existing AR studies published until March 2024.

Findings

All ARRT features examined in this study directly impacted online buyers’ purchase intention. Moderators’ analysis only partially supported the hypotheses proposing a significant difference in the effect size of ARRT features on purchase intention based on the country’s GDP per capita and innovation level. While GDP per-capita moderated three relationships, innovation level moderated four out of six interactions studied.

Originality/value

This meta-analysis enhances the existing ARRT literature by using the task-technology fit theoretical framework, offering a dual perspective encompassing customers and businesses. Unlike popular technology innovation theories and models, such as Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology and technology acceptance model, which predominantly focus on consumers, this perspective provides concrete directions for designing AR-enabled retail platforms that meet the task requirements of both consumers and retailers.
Creative Journeys Involving Adults With Profound and Multiple Learning Disabilities: Co‐Development in Multi‐Sensory Theatre
Authors: Bunning Karen , Grove Nicola
Published: November 2024

Background

The last decade has seen developments in collaborative multi‐sensory theatre and dramatic performance involving individuals with profound and multiple learning disabilities. The current study investigated co‐development processes used by a multi‐sensory theatre company that employed four artists with profound and multiple learning disabilities.

Methods

A qualitative approach was adopted, involving preliminary observations and in‐depth interviews with 10 individuals who performed different roles in the company. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically.

Findings

Three themes emerged, centring around concepts of interactional ‘space’: the space between (how meanings were co‐constructed); the space around (how the dramatic narrative was coproduced); the space beyond (how collaboration occurred in the live multi‐sensory show). A fourth theme, the journey, connected all the spaces in a process of learning and changing, enjoyment, having a voice and developing the narrative.

Conclusions

Through participating in co‐creative processes of artistic development, people with profound and multiple learning disabilities can share their expertise and contribute to the sensory theatrical shows as artists in their own right.
Statistical foundations of person parameter estimation in the Thurstonian IRT model for forced‐choice and pairwise comparison designs
Authors: Yousfi Safir
Published: November 2024

The statistical foundations of person parameter estimation for the multivariate Thurstonian item response theory (TIRT) model of pairwise comparison and forced‐choice (FC) ranking data are elaborated, and several misconceptions in IRT and TIRT are addressed. It is shown that directional information (i.e. multivariate information as defined by Reckase & Kinley, 1991; Applied Psychological Measurement, 15, 361) is not suited to quantify the precision of the estimates unless the Fisher information matrix is diagonal. The asymptotic covariance can be quantified by the inverse Fisher information matrix if the genuine likelihood is used and by the inverse Godambe information for independence likelihood estimation that results from ignoring within‐block dependencies of pairwise comparisons. Analytical expressions are provided for the genuine likelihood and the Fisher information matrix for a generalized TIRT model that comprises binary pairwise comparison and ranking designs, which enables maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and Bayesian estimation (maximum a posteriori probability with normal and Jeffreys prior) of person parameters. The bias of the MLE is quantified, and methods of bias prevention and bias correction are introduced. The correct marginal likelihood of graded pairwise comparisons is provided that might be used for person parameter estimation based on the independence likelihood.
States of opportunity for youth aging out of foster care
Authors: Prettyman Alexa
Published: November 2024

Over 20,000 youth age out of foster care each year in the United States facing various hardships. Research demonstrates that extended foster care beneficially impacts youth aging out of care; however, it is less clear which states assist these youth. This descriptive paper explores which states effectively assist foster youth aging out of care. I use the National Youth in Transition Database and a two‐step regression‐adjusted approach to determine state effectiveness across a variety of outcomes, including college enrollment, employment, disconnectedness, homelessness, incarceration, substance abuse, and parenthood. I find considerable variation in state effectiveness depending on the outcome.
Host plant phenology drives risky larval dispersal in an outbreaking insect defoliator
Authors: Bellemin‐Noël Bastien , Pureswaran Deepa S. , Despland Emma
Published: November 2024

Dispersal away from natal sites allows individuals to find suitable foraging sites to complete their development and successfully reproduce. Drivers of risky dispersal behaviour in forest landscapes by young larvae of outbreaking defoliators are not well understood.

We assessed dispersal behaviour of young spruce budworm larvae in relation to spring budburst phenology of primary and secondary hosts, balsam fir and black spruce, respectively. We tested whether tree species and presence of suitable feeding sites influenced dispersal away from source branches and subsequent redistribution of insects.

Laboratory experiments showed that dispersal is an active behaviour during which larvae disperse away from source trees without open buds, regardless of species. Establishment on sink branches was highest when they possessed open buds and the source did not. In the field, larval dispersal was higher from black spruce than from balsam fir and larval establishment was more persistent on balsam fir.

The decision to disperse occurs before budburst of either host species. Larvae disperse preferentially away from black spruce whose old needles are too tough for larval mining, compared to balsam fir that can be mined for sustenance and refuge while larvae await budburst. While black spruce is a suitable host species after its buds expand, phenological defences drive larval dispersal away from this host plant.

These findings are the first to show how risky dispersal behaviour in larval Lepidoptera is facultative and is determined by local food availability.
Minimally invasive approaches for implant‐supported overdentures in the atrophied mandible
Authors: Bacher Helene , Kasaliyska Monika , Arnold Christin , Hey Jeremias , Schweyen Ramona
Published: November 2024

Objectives

The study compares three minimally invasive approaches for the retention of implant supported mandibular complete dentures, particularly focusing on patient satisfaction.

Background

The McGill Consensus Statement recommends restoration of the edentulous mandible with an overdenture retained on two implants. Alternatively, less invasive treatment concepts with shorter treatment times have been developed for critical cases.

Material and Methods

Thirty‐nine patients (with a total of 78 implants) with advanced mandibular bone atrophy were randomly assigned to three groups: “single standard implant‐retained overdentures” (SSO) and “mini‐implant‐retained overdentures” (MO), which was further subdivided into “two mini‐implant‐retained overdentures” (TMO) and “four mini‐implant‐retained overdentures” (FMO). The technical and biological parameters and oral health‐related quality of life were evaluated over a 10‐year period. Data were analysed for group comparisons and longitudinal trend analysis.

Results

Sixteen patients (42%) dropped out during the study period. At the time of follow‐up, 98.4% of the implants were in situ. The first need for technical intervention occurred after 3.8 ± 1.1, 4.2 ± 0.9, and 4.6 ± 1.3 years in the TMO, SSO, and FMO groups, respectively. Attachment exchange (39%) was the most frequently performed intervention in all groups. Healthy peri‐implant and mucosal conditions were observed in 74% and 40% of patients after 1 and 10 years, respectively. The OHIP‐G14 score was 22.6 before implantation, 7.6 at 1 year (effect size [ES]: 1.1), and 5.4 at 10 years (ES: 2.3).

Conclusion

Irrespective of the minimal concept selected, complete mandibular dentures retained on implants improved the subjective perception of the quality of life. Application of these alternative minimal concepts may be practical in clinical practice.
Knowledge and Experiences of Oral Health Care and Periodontitis of Caregivers of Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Prieto Diego , Palacios Miguel , Wainstein Valentina , Ortuño Duniel , Mora Sebastián , Chaparro Alejandra , Pascual Andrés
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives

There is limited evidence on knowledge of related health among healthcare personnel who care for older adults. The objective of this study was to investigate the knowledge and experience of oral health care among family members and medical staff responsible for older adults with varying degrees of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.

Materials and Methods

This qualitative study explored the experiences and knowledge of 30 family members and medical staff through in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews. The interviews were recorded using both audio and video formats: digital platforms were used for immediate family members, while formal caregivers were interviewed in person. Researchers transcribed and analysed the recordings, categorising the answers to identify emerging topics until reaching saturation.

Results

The core emerging themes among the direct family members were: (1) Lack of knowledge about oral health; (2) Oral hygiene role for the patients; (3) Consequences of a poor oral care; and (4) Recommendations for a better oral health care. For the formal caregivers the emerging themes were: (1) Lack of knowledge and experiences about oral health; (2) Deficient oral hygiene of residents; (3) Impact on quality of life; and (4) Suggestions for improving oral health.

Conclusion

Despite recognising the significance of oral health, direct family members and formal caregivers of older adults with cognitive impairment or dementia still need additional tools to effectively carry out necessary hygiene techniques and care.
Relationship of dihydroergotamine pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and nausea—A narrative review
Authors: Lipton Richard B. , Kollins John A. , Albrecht Detlef
Published: November 2024

Objective

To assess the relationships between dihydroergotamine (DHE) pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters, clinical efficacy, and nausea incidence to determine a DHE PK profile that optimizes efficacy while minimizing adverse events (AEs), particularly nausea.

Background

Dihydroergotamine is a widely used option for the acute treatment of migraine. Although multiple DHE dosage forms, with varying PK and AE profiles, have been evaluated in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the relationships between PK profile, efficacy, and the common DHE‐related AE, nausea, have not been comprehensively evaluated.

Methods

A literature search identified RCTs evaluating the efficacy (2‐h pain relief [2hPR]) of different DHE dosage forms. The PK profiles for these DHE dosage forms were determined from published literature. Univariate regression analyses were performed to determine the PK parameters that best predicted 2hPR across DHE dosage forms. The relationship between maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and nausea incidence for various dosage forms was determined from published Phase 1 trials.

Results

The literature search identified nine RCTs with DHE dosage forms that reported 2hPR: DHE liquid nasal spray (four studies), DHE administered subcutaneously (three), and DHE administered via oral pulmonary inhalation (two). The DHE PK parameters that best predicted 2hPR rates were Cmax and area under the curve from time zero to 0.5 h post‐dose (AUC0‐0.5h) (R2 = 0.59 for each). Across Phase 1 trials, nausea incidence was minimal when Cmax was <2500 pg/mL but increased in a log‐linear manner when Cmax exceeded ~2500 pg/mL.

Conclusions

The maximum concentration and AUC over the first 30 min following DHE administration were associated with increasing rates of 2hPR and a Cmax below ~2500 pg/mL was associated with low incidences of nausea. We suggest that this may be an optimal profile for a DHE delivery form. Further research to test this hypothesis is warranted.
Genomic Diversity of U.S. Katahdin Hair Sheep
Authors: Nilson Sara M. , Burke Joan M. , Becker Gabrielle M. , Murdoch Brenda M. , Petersen Jessica L. , Lewis Ronald M.
Published: November 2024

In the late 1950s, Katahdin hair sheep were developed as a composite breed of medium size and moderate prolificacy, with potential to express resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes. With increasing popularity and the recent adoption of genomic prediction in their genetic evaluation, there is a risk of decreasing variation with selection based on genomically enhanced estimated breeding values. While Katahdin pedigrees are readily available for monitoring diversity, they may not capture the entirety of genetic relationships. We aimed to characterise the genomic population structure and diversity present in the breed, and how these impact the size of a reference population necessary to achieve accurate genomic predictions. Genotypes of Katahdin sheep from 81 member flocks in the National Sheep Improvement Program (NSIP) were used. After quality control, there were 9704 animals and 31,984 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms analysed. Population structure was minimal as a single ancestral population explained 99.9% of the genetic variation among animals. The current Ne was estimated to be 150, and despite differences in trait heritabilities, the effect of Ne on the accuracy of genomic predictions suggested the breed should aim for a reference population size of 15,000 individuals. The average degree of inbreeding estimated from runs of homozygosity (ROH) was 16.6% ± 4.7. Four genomic regions of interest, previously associated with production traits, contained ROH shared among > 50% of the breed. Based on four additional methods, average genomic inbreeding coefficients ranged from 0.011 to 0.012. The current population structure and diversity of the breed reflects genetic connectedness across flocks due to the sharing of animals. Shared regions of ROH should be further explored for incorporation of functional effects into genomic predictions to increase selection gains. Negative impacts on genetic diversity due to genomic selection are not of immediate concern for Katahdin sheep engaged in NSIP.
Investigation of the effects of a new transdermal formulation of systemic diclofenac on the upper gastrointestinal mucosa in patients with low back pain: A comparative study with oral diclofenac
Authors: Fukase Hiroyuki , Futagami Seiji , Yamamoto Takatsugu , Masaoka Tatsuhiro , Terahara Takaaki , Okawa Koji , Tanaka Yusuke , Mita Tsuyoshi
Published: November 2024

Background and Aim

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are associated with gastrointestinal mucosal damage attributed to a topical effect of NSAIDs on the gastrointestinal mucosa after oral administration and cyclooxygenase‐1 inhibition. Diclofenac sodium systemic patch (DSSP), a transdermal patch from which diclofenac sodium is absorbed through the skin to exert its effects through the circulating blood, is considered to reduce the occurrence of gastrointestinal mucosal damage compared with oral diclofenac. This study aimed to compare the effect of DSSP on the upper gastrointestinal mucosa with that of an orally administered diclofenac sodium tablet (DST).

Methods

This randomized, evaluator‐blinded study included Japanese patients with low back pain (LBP). The patients were administered with either DSSP (150 mg/day) or DST (75 mg/day) for 2 weeks. The primary endpoint was the incidence of gastroduodenal ulcers and/or erosions on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy after the study treatment.

Results

Thirty patients each were randomly assigned to the DSSP and DST groups. The incidence of gastroduodenal ulcers and/or erosions was 26.7% and 86.2% in the DSSP and DST groups, respectively. The difference in the incidence was −59.5% (95% confidence interval: −77.0 to −34.6). No adverse events (AEs) were observed in the DSSP group, and 20.0% (6/30 patients) reported mild AEs in the DST group (excluding ulcers and erosions).

Conclusion

DSSP is associated with a lower risk of gastrointestinal mucosal damage than DST, which has the same active ingredient but uses a different route of administration, in patients with LBP.
Inside story of impact investing in emerging market: A systematic review to measure the responsible and sustainable investing pattern using the ADO framework
Authors: Aggarwal Shalini , Rathee Prerna , Arya Vikas , Roy Hiran
Published: November 2024

Impact investing has emerged as a significant global phenomenon as it provides a valuable avenue for investors to shape their cognitive decision‐making ability to have a societal impact. The present study aims to review the existing literature on impact investing systematically. It tries to understand the major motivational factors that impact the investor in impact investing using the ADO framework by linking it with McClelland's Theory of Motivation, geographical areas, journal of publication, and type of research articles for impact investing, significant research gaps in impact investing, theoretical and managerial implications and future research of impact investing. PRISMA framework has been used to finalize the articles from the Scopus database. As a result, 154 articles have been identified from the year 2011 to 2024. The result identifies three motivational factors that drive the investor to invest in impact investing. It includes financial, social, and self‐actualization. The study will guide the policymaker in introducing comprehensive regulatory policies in the area of impact investing. Accordingly, tax incentives and subsidies should be granted for promoting investment in impact investing. The development of proper infrastructure for trading in impact investing needs attention.
Relationship between actigraphy‐derived physical activity, sedentary behaviours and sleep parameters in preschool girls and boys: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Matłosz Piotr , Wyszyńska Justyna , Tutak Jacek , Martinez‐Rodriguez Alejandro , Herbert Jarosław
Published: November 2024

The aim of the study was to examine associations between moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity and sedentary time with sleep quality and quantity among preschool girls and boys using objective methods. Children (5–6 years old) attending kindergarten were recruited (n = 676). Measures included accelerometer‐derived 24‐hr activity and sleep for seven consecutive days. Longer time spent in moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity was associated with higher sleep efficiency both in boys (p < 0.0001) and girls (p = 0447), and with lower Sleep Fragmentation Index in boys (p = 0.0042) and girls (p = 0.0494). Moreover, among boys, moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity was inversely associated with wakefulness after sleep onset (p = 0.0006), number of awakenings (p = 0.0081) and Fragmentation Index (p = 0.0041), while in girls with sleep duration (p = 0.0405), Movement Index (p = 0.0128) and Sleep Fragmentation Index (p = 0.0494). Longer time spent sedentary was associated with lower sleep efficiency, and higher wakefulness after sleep onset, number of awakenings, Movement Index and Sleep Fragmentation Index—all with p < 0.0001. Furthermore, sedentary time was inversely associated with sleep duration both in boys (p < 0.0001) and girls (p = 0.0006), and directly associated with Fragmentation Index but only in boys (p = 0.0069). Meeting the recommended level of moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity was associated with better sleep efficiency, lower wakefulness after sleep onset and number of awakenings among boys. All sleep‐related variables showed significant differences between quartile groups according to sedentary time (p < 0.05) in both the total group and the boys. The sedentary time had the strongest, negative effect on sleep‐related parameters in preschool children, therefore sedentary time reduction may contribute more to improving sleep quality than increasing moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity.
Dietary Habits of Individuals With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis—Poor Fat‐Soluble Vitamin Intake and Dietary Quality
Authors: Lindqvist Catarina , Ingre Michael , Kechagias Stergios , Nilsson Emma , Molinaro Antonio , Rorsman Fredrik , Bergquist Annika
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims

Individuals with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) have expressed a need for more dietary information. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary intake of individuals with PSC and compare it with Nordic nutrition recommendations 2023 (NNR2023).

Methods

A cross‐sectional assessment of dietary intake was performed using a food‐frequency questionnaire among 120 individuals with PSC from five regions across Sweden. Macro‐ and micronutrient intake was compared to NNR2023. Dietary quality was evaluated using an index developed by the National Food Agency in Sweden.

Results

The median age was 47 years (IQR 18), and median body mass index (BMI) was 25.2 kg/m2 (IQR 5.9). Eight percent had a BMI < 20, and 13% had a BMI > 30. The average fibre intake was 18 g (IQR 18). Median energy distribution included 36% from fat (15% saturated, 4.6% polyunsaturated), 17% from protein and 43% from carbohydrates, highlighting an imbalanced diet with low carbohydrate, fibre and polyunsaturated fat intake and high saturated fat consumption. More than half reported suboptimal intake of zinc, selenium and vitamins C, D and K and > 30% suboptimal intake of vitamins A, B6, E, niacin, folate, potassium, magnesium and iron. Forty percent had poor dietary quality. Longer PSC duration and previous colectomy were associated with a lower dietary quality.

Conclusions

Many individuals with PSC do not reach the recommended levels of various micronutrients, especially fat‐soluble vitamins and report a poor dietary quality. The results highlight the need for a comprehensive approach to nutritional management in this population.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04133792