bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
6. Philosophical liberalism: idealizing justice
Authors: Freeden Michael
Published: April 2017

Philosophical liberalism is largely an abstract and ideal-type normative approach invoking an ostensibly supra-political, universal, and decontextualized social ethics towards which all right-minded individuals should aim. ‘Philosophical liberalism: idealizing justice’ looks at this form of liberalism and some of the key characters in its development. It begins with the most influential theorist of philosophical liberalism in the 20th century, John Rawls (1921–2002), and goes on to discuss ideal-type liberalism; liberal neutrality as exemplified by Ronald Dworkin (1931–2013); the insistence on standards of public life; and liberal philosophical pluralism with reference to Isaiah Berlin (1909–97). It concludes that philosophical liberalism is a complex field of argument, assessment, and ideational experimentation, but that it differs in many ways from the actual liberal beliefs that exist in the political arena.
2. Does form follow function?
Authors: Blockley David
Published: April 2017

In c.15 bc, the Roman Vitruvius stated that a good building should satisfy three requirements: durability, utility, and beauty. ‘Does form follow function?’ examines utility and beauty. It explains that structures are naturally lazy because they contain minimum potential energy. Each piece of structure, however small or large, will move, but not freely as the neighbouring pieces will get in the way. When this happens internal forces are created as the pieces bump up against each other. Force pathways are degrees of freedom and the structure has to be strong enough to resist these internal forces along these pathways. Form-finding structures are exciting and innovative examples of the fusion of engineering and architecture.
1. It’s essential to be geopolitical!
Authors: Dodds Klaus
Published: April 2017

At times of war and crisis, the focus on territorial and resource-related themes looms large. In recent years, our media outlets have been filled with stories about territorial-ethnic struggles in the Middle East, land purchasing in Africa, food insecurity, and austerity programs throughout the world. ‘It's essential to be geopolitical!’ argues the case for situating geopolitics within everyday contexts and advocates an approach that does not fixate with territorially defined states, big powers, and particular agents like US presidents. Geopolitics is embodied, experiential, and impactful. Objects (e.g. flags) and non-human actors and forces (e.g. hurricanes and ice) should be seen to be operating alongside human agents and agency.
4. Art and power
Authors: Riggs Christina
Published: April 2017

‘Art and power’ considers how works of art and architecture were used to negotiate power relationships between human beings in the complex, hierarchical society of ancient Egypt, and between human beings and the world of the gods. The king’s body—its care and adornment, its representation in art, and its safety—was an important concern, which Egyptian art explored in many ways. The architecture of Egyptian temples was designed to keep people out in order to maintain a pure and desirable home for the gods. But they were also central to Egyptian society as the priests helped oversee the administrative, economic, and cultural life of the country.
5. Signs, sex, status
Authors: Riggs Christina
Published: April 2017

Through the materials they used and the objects they made, ancient Egyptian artists and craftsmen turned animals, plants, and the Nile into metaphors for what cannot be seen: good and evil, creation, or the transformation of the dead. ‘Signs, sex, status’ considers the references to hippopotami, the goddess Isis, the marshes, and fertility and sexual imagery that recur throughout Egyptian art and architecture, with their distinct hieroglyphic symbols, compositional rules, and social strictures. It shows how much elite men dominated the world of high culture. Women were an integral part of this social stratum as well, but gender roles and family relationships informed who was represented in art, and how.
6. Out of Egypt
Authors: Riggs Christina
Published: April 2017

‘Out of Egypt’ considers how other cultures have engaged with ancient Egyptian art and architecture from the incorporation of Egypt in the Roman empire to the colonial era of Napoleon and beyond. Egyptian art became part of the classical heritage, but was also seen as strange and different. Did ancient Egypt deserve admiration or condemnation? Was it the source of Greek culture, as writers like Herodotus suggested, or was it part of darkest Africa or the exotic Orient (as later European thinking went) and thus nothing to do with ‘us’ at all? The legacy of ancient Egyptian art and architecture continues to shape contemporary relationships between the West, Africa, and the Arab world.
4. Earth’s surface and the cycling of minerals
Authors: Vaughan David
Published: April 2017

‘Earth’s surface and the cycling of minerals’ considers the rock cycle, which has two parts. The first is driven by the heat coming from the Earth’s interior and involves interactions between the mantle and crust. The second is driven primarily by heat from the Sun and involves interactions between exposed crust and the waters of the hydrosphere or gases of the atmosphere. Minerals in these exposed rocks may be dissolved during weathering, or be transported in the flowing water of streams and rivers, by glaciers, or as fine mineral dusts in the atmosphere, eventually being deposited elsewhere as sediments. The rock cycle also impacts on pollution and global warming.
5. Minerals and the living world
Authors: Vaughan David
Published: April 2017

‘Minerals and the living world’ considers various mineral–microbe interactions, biomineralization, and how minerals interact with the human body and human health. Biomineralization is the process where living organisms produce minerals such as calcite, apatite, and silica. An example is the unicellular, ocean-living radiolaria that have complex silica skeletons. After death their skeletal remains sink to the ocean floor and can be seen preserved in cherts and flints. Human biominerals can be divided into those which are an essential part of the bodies’ systems, such as hydroxylapatite found in bones and teeth, and those which are unexpected and pathological mineral deposits, such as calcium oxalate and asbestiform minerals.
1. What is hermeneutics?
Authors: Zimmermann Jens
Published: April 2017

‘What is hermeneutics?’ begins with the simple answer that hermeneutics means interpretation. But how and why do we interpret? Hermeneutics is the art of understanding and of making oneself understood. Understanding may be guided by analytical principles, but it cannot be reduced to them. Understanding requires art rather than rule-governed science. Hermeneutics is also the name for the philosophical discipline concerned with analysing the conditions for understanding. Hermeneutic thinkers are defined as those who are concerned more specifically with the universal conditions for human understanding in three areas: the nature of consciousness, the nature of truth, and the importance of language. But is hermeneutics just another word for relativism?
4. Hermeneutics and the humanities
Authors: Zimmermann Jens
Published: April 2017

The work of reconstructing a text in its original social–historical context demonstrates the special challenge posed by written communications from the past: we have to make these texts speak again before we can hear what they have to say. But how do we know whether we have interpreted something correctly? Is there only one correct interpretation? ‘Hermeneutics and the humanities’ discusses the thoughts of hermeneutic thinkers E. D. Hirsch and Paul Ricoeur, before considering the importance hermeneutic philosophers attribute to metaphor, language, and the imagination. Finally, it considers the important hermeneutic question of how the digital revolution changes the conditions for understanding texts.
Introduction
Authors: Solomon Norman
Published: April 2017

The Introduction outlines why it is so important to consider the question of what Judaism is from a non-Christian, non-Western perspective. This perspective might lead someone to ask: what do Jews believe about Jesus? What is more important in Judaism, faith or works? Judaism is best studied from within, rather than from without. Judaism does not define itself around Jesus, nor does it assume that faith and works are opposing concepts. Who are the Jews? Despite all the suffering and persecutions and forced migrations Jewish people have been through, the spirit has flourished.
8. Judaism today
Authors: Solomon Norman
Published: April 2017

No religion has emerged unchanged into the 21st century. Increasing secularization of Western governments has undermined the power of religious leadership and people’s values have changed. Lots of people have abandoned organized religion. ‘Judaism today’ examines the impact of postmodernist thinking in recent times on Judaism. World Jewry has found itself at the centre of two 20th-century events that have affected it in unique ways: the trauma of the Shoah, or Holocaust, and the establishment of the State of Israel. Four areas in which Jewish thought has developed since the Second World War are considered: Zionism, Holocaust theology, God, and Feminism.
Introduction
Authors: Cronk Nicholas
Published: April 2017

The Introduction outlines the aims of this VSI: it is an introduction to the making of Voltaire, an Enlightenment celebrity. It is also an examination of the way Voltaire spent his whole life trying out different roles for size, perfecting various authorial postures, reinventing different ways to speak to and engage his audiences. Theatre provides a powerful metaphor for how Voltaire created and sustained his career. Voltaire is perpetually conscious of being on stage, and his whole career can be viewed as an attempt to perfect this relationship with his audience. To admire Voltaire is to admire his performance.
3. The Englishman
Authors: Cronk Nicholas
Published: April 2017

Voltaire arrived in London in May 1726, primarily to publish a definitive edition of his epic La Henriade as censorship made this impossible in France. ‘The Englishman’ describes how Voltaire immersed himself in English culture, frequently going to the theatre and making the acquaintance of the leading writers and poets of the day. Voltaire began writing his Letters on the English in England in 1727. The work comprises twenty-odd short essays dealing with religion, politics, science, and literature. Together they constitute the portrait of a culture and a manifesto of Enlightenment values. Letters on the English mark a highly significant moment in Voltaire’s career: his emergence as a great prose-writer.
7. The campaigner
Authors: Cronk Nicholas
Published: April 2017

In the years after 1760, Voltaire finally found the voice as a public intellectual that has ever since characterized him. ‘The campaigner’ outlines his time at his new home in Ferney, France, near the border with Geneva, and his crusade for religious tolerance. It describes Voltaire’s responses to the 1761 Portuguese Malagrida auto-da-fé and the 1762 Calas affair in Toulouse, a defining event in Voltaire’s career; it produced a radically new public image of the writer and gave Voltaire a new awareness of the power of public opinion. His works Traité sur la tolérance, the Dictionnaire philosophique portatif, and Questions sur l’Encyclopédie are discussed.
4. The central bank and the conduct of monetary policy
Authors: Goddard John , Wilson John O. S.
Published: April 2017

In most countries, the central bank manages the country’s money supply and interest rates. Most central banks hold a monopoly over printing the national currency and have supervisory or regulatory responsibilities for overseeing the banking industry. The central bank typically performs a dual role, operating as the government’s banker, and as banker to the rest of the banking system. ‘The central bank and the conduct of monetary policy’ explains the central bank’s role and describes the central banks of the UK, EU, and US, as well as the International Monetary Fund. It also outlines the central bank’s responsibility for implementing monetary policy and explains the deposit expansion multiplier, interest rate targeting, and quantitative easing.
6. Origins of the global financial crisis
Authors: Goddard John , Wilson John O. S.
Published: April 2017

The 2007–09 global financial crisis is widely considered to have been the most severe crisis since the 1930s Great Depression. During the two decades prior to the global financial crisis, localized banking or financial crises occurred in many different countries that contained warnings of the upheaval that was to come. ‘Origins of the global financial crisis’ describes some of these: the Japanese and Swedish banking crises beginning in 1990 and 1991 respectively, the US Savings and Loans crisis, and the Asian financial crisis. It then considers the causes of the 2007–09 crisis, including global macroeconomic imbalances and policy mistakes committed by the Federal Reserve and the central banks of other deficit countries.
7. The global financial crisis and the Eurozone sovereign debt crisis
Authors: Goddard John , Wilson John O. S.
Published: April 2017

‘The global financial crisis and the Eurozone sovereign debt crisis’ describes the chain of events in the US financial crisis that then triggered the Eurozone banking collapse. It outlines the problems in US mortgage-backed securities, the collapse of three of the ‘big five’ investment banks (Bear Stearns, Lehman Brothers, and Merrill Lynch), and the actions of the US Federal Reserve and the Treasury. Several major European banks also foundered at the height of the financial crisis as a consequence of the US crisis and, by the end of 2014, five Eurozone member countries—Ireland, Greece, Spain, Portugal, and Cyprus—had received bailout loans from the EU and International Monetary Fund, conditional on the implementation of tough austerity measures.
Theodor Herzl and the creation of the Zionist movement, 1897–1917
Authors: Stanislawski Michael
Published: April 2017

The man universally credited with founding the Zionist movement was Theodor Herzl (1860–1904). Herzl’s Zionism was purely political in theory and practice: the Jews as a nation did not need a new culture, language, or concept of the messianic era, but only a national polity of their own, whose creation would solve the problem of anti-Semitism both for the Jews themselves and for Europe as a whole. His book Der Judenstaat (The Jewish State) was a key publication, and he set up the First Zionist Congress in Basel in August 1897. This was a great success, but did not resolve the fundamental ideological divides within the Zionist movement.
Socialist and Revisionist Zionisms, 1917–1939
Authors: Stanislawski Michael
Published: April 2017

Britain gained control over Palestine in the “mandate” system created by the League of Nations after the debacle of the World War I. “Socialist and revisionist Zionisms, 1917–1937” outlines the rise in Palestine of the socialist Zionist parties—both the Marxist Zionists and the Utopian Zionists—and their virtual monopoly over the basic institutions of the Jewish community in Palestine. It also describes the right-wing Revisionist Zionism and its founder, Vladimir Jabotinsky. The reversal of British policy on Palestine and its proposal for the partition of the country into Jewish and Arab states was met with opposition by most of the Zionist groups, as well as the Palestinian nationalist movement.
Transformations of Zionism since 1995
Authors: Stanislawski Michael
Published: April 2017

For a short while after Rabin’s death, right-wing politicians and religious leaders became less inflammatory, but soon Israeli politics returned to normal. The swing from left to right repeated time and time again: parties on the left, the middle, and the right have been riven by splits into smaller parties, which therefore inevitably hold the balance of power, while the country as a whole is split down the middle on domestic and foreign policies. “Transformations of Zionism since 1995” tracks the results of recent elections, notes the importance of the huge increase in immigrants from the Soviet Union, describes the modernization of the Israeli economy, and highlights the dramatic rebirth of Orthodox Zionism.
A scalable moment-closure approximation for large-scale biochemical reaction networks
Authors: Kazeroonian Atefeh , Theis Fabian J , Hasenauer Jan
Published: April 2017

Motivation

Stochastic molecular processes are a leading cause of cell-to-cell variability. Their dynamics are often described by continuous-time discrete-state Markov chains and simulated using stochastic simulation algorithms. As these stochastic simulations are computationally demanding, ordinary differential equation models for the dynamics of the statistical moments have been developed. The number of state variables of these approximating models, however, grows at least quadratically with the number of biochemical species. This limits their application to small- and medium-sized processes.

Results

In this article, we present a scalable moment-closure approximation (sMA) for the simulation of statistical moments of large-scale stochastic processes. The sMA exploits the structure of the biochemical reaction network to reduce the covariance matrix. We prove that sMA yields approximating models whose number of state variables depends predominantly on local properties, i.e. the average node degree of the reaction network, instead of the overall network size. The resulting complexity reduction is assessed by studying a range of medium- and large-scale biochemical reaction networks. To evaluate the approximation accuracy and the improvement in computational efficiency, we study models for JAK2/STAT5 signalling and NFκB signalling. Our method is applicable to generic biochemical reaction networks and we provide an implementation, including an SBML interface, which renders the sMA easily accessible.

Availability and implementation

The sMA is implemented in the open-source MATLAB toolbox CERENA and is available from https://github.com/CERENADevelopers/CERENA.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Towards a broader perspective on ocean acidification research
Authors: Browman Howard I.
Published: April 2017

Ocean acidification (OA) continues to be one of the most studied single topics in marine science. Almost 800 articles on OA appeared in 2016 alone. Forty-four of those were published in a special themed issue of the ICES Journal of Marine Science, “Towards a broader perspective on ocean acidification research.” Submissions to that themed initiative continued well beyond the original deadline and were so numerous that we decided to publish this—a second OA-themed issue—which contains an additional 33 articles. In this Introduction, I briefly present the contributions that appear in this theme issue, and then offer an updated assessment of the status of OA research.
Growth Differentiation Factor 5 Accelerates Wound Closure and Improves Skin Quality During Repair of Full-Thickness Skin Defects
Authors: Schiefer Jennifer L. , Held Manuel , Fuchs Paul C. , Demir Erhan , Plöger Frank , Schaller Hans-Eberhard , Rahmanian-Schwarz Afshin
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND:

A fast and stable wound closure is important, especially for extended and unstable wounds found after burn injuries. Growth can regulate a variety of cellular processes, including those involved in wound healing. Growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF-5) can accelerate fibroblast cell migration, cell proliferation, and collagen synthesis, which are essential for wound healing. Nevertheless, no standardized evaluation of the effect of GDF-5 on the healing of full-thickness wounds has been published to date.

METHODS:

Five full-thickness skin defects were created on the backs of 6 minipigs. Three wounds were treated with GDF-5 in different concentrations with the help of a gelatin-collagen carrier, and 2 wounds served as control group. The first was treated with the gelatin carrier and an Opsite film (Smith & Nephew, Fort Worth, Texas), and the other was treated solely with an Opsite film that was placed above all wounds and renewed every second day.

RESULTS:

Growth differentiation factor 5 accelerates wound closure (10.91 [SD, 0.99] days) compared with treatment with the carrier alone (11.3 [SD, 1.49] days) and control wounds (13.3 [SD, 0.94] days). Epidermal cell count of wounds treated with GDF-5 revealed a higher number of cells compared with the control group. In addition, mean epidermal thickness was significantly increased in GDF-5–treated wounds compared with the control wounds.

CONCLUSIONS:

Because of its ability to improve skin quality, GDF-5 should be considered when developing composite biomaterials for wound healing.
Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate: A Review of Clinical Uses
Authors: Jenkinson Helena A. , Wilmas Kelly M. , Silapunt Sirunya
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND

Sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) is Food and Drug Administration approved for treatment of varicose veins, but numerous other off-label applications have been reported.

OBJECTIVE

To describe the clinical uses of STS, as well as efficacy and adverse effects.

METHODS

Review of studies searchable on PubMed from 1938 to 2016 describing clinical uses of STS to determine efficacy and adverse effects associated with various applications.

RESULTS

Sodium tetradecyl sulfate has shown efficacy in the treatment of varicose veins, telangiectasias, hemangioma, pyogenic granuloma, cherry angioma, Kaposi sarcoma, lymphangioma circumscriptum, digital mucous cyst, ganglion cyst, glomangioma, angiokeratoma of Fordyce, pseudocyst of the auricle, and verruca. Commonly reported side effects include pain, erythema, swelling, hyperpigmentation, telangiectatic matting, and ulceration. Serious side effects such as anaphylaxis, pulmonary embolism, stroke, and myocardial infarction have also been reported. Most sources were case reports and small prospective studies, as such the strength of data supporting many uses is limited by small sample sizes and lack of controls.

CONCLUSION

Although not always the most effective method of treatment in off-label usage, use of STS has been frequently selected for a variety of applications for reasons of simplicity, low cost, lack of availability of technologically advanced equipment, and intricacies related to anatomic location.
A multi-model approach to assessing local and global cryo-EM map quality
Authors: Herzik Mark A. , Fraser James S. , Lander Gabriel C.
Published: April 2017

There does not currently exist a standardized indicator of how well a cryo-EM-derived model represents the density from which it was generated. We present a straightforward methodology that utilizes freely available tools to generate a suite of independent models and to evaluate their convergence in an EM density. These analyses provide both a quantitative and qualitative assessment of the precision of the models and their representation of the density, respectively, while concurrently providing a platform for assessing both global and local EM map quality. We further use standardized datasets to provide an expected model–model agreement criterion for EM maps reported to be at 5 Å resolution or better. Associating multiple atomic models with a deposited EM map provides a rapid and accessible reporter of convergence, a strong indicator of highly resolved molecular detail, and is an important step toward an FSC-independent assessment of map and model quality.
On statistical modeling of sequencing noise in high depth data to assess tumor evolution
Authors: Rabadan Raul , Bhanot Gyan , Marsilio Sonia , Chiorazzi Nicholas , Pasqualucci Laura , Khiabanian Hossein
Published: April 2017

One cause of cancer mortality is tumor evolution to therapy-resistant disease. First line therapy often targets the dominant clone, and drug resistance can emerges from preexisting clones that gain fitness through therapy-induced natural selection. Such mutations may be identified using targeted sequencing assays by analysis of noise in high-depth data. Here, we develop a comprehensive, unbiased model for sequencing error background. We find that noise in sufficiently deep DNA sequencing data can be approximated by aggregating negative binomial distributions. Mutations with frequencies above noise may have prognostic value. We evaluate our model with simulated exponentially expanded populations as well as data from cell line and patient sample dilution experiments, demonstrating its utility in prognosticating tumor progression. Our results may have the potential to identify significant mutations that can cause recurrence. These results are relevant in the pretreatment clinical setting to determine appropriate therapy and prepare for potential recurrence pretreatment.
Characterisation of Trichuris muris secreted proteins and extracellular vesicles provides new insights into host-parasite communication
Authors: Eichenberger Ramon M. , Talukder Md Hasanuzzaman , Field Matthew A. , Wangchuk Phurpa , Giacomin Paul , Loukas Alex , Sotillo Javier
Published: April 2017

Whipworms are parasitic nematodes that live in the gut of more than 500 million people worldwide. Due to the difficulty in obtaining parasite material, the mouse whipworm Trichuris muris has been extensively used as a model to study human whipworm infections. These nematodes secrete a multitude of compounds that interact with host tissues where they orchestrate a parasitic existence. Herein we provide the first comprehensive characterisation of the excretory/secretory products of T. muris. We identify 148 proteins secreted by T. muris and show for the first time that the mouse whipworm secretes exosome-like extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can interact with host cells. We use an Optiprep® gradient to purify the EVs, highlighting the suitability of this method for purifying EVs secreted by a parasitic nematode. We also characterise the proteomic and genomic content of the EVs, identifying >350 proteins, 56 miRNAs (22 novel) and 475 full-length mRNA transcripts mapping to T. muris gene models. Many of the miRNAs putatively mapped to mouse genes involved in regulation of inflammation, implying a role in parasite-driven immunomodulation. In addition, for the first time to our knowledge, we use colonic organoids to demonstrate the internalisation of parasite EVs by host cells. Understanding how parasites interact with their host is crucial to develop new control measures. This first characterisation of the proteins and EVs secreted by T. muris provides important information on whipworm-host communication and forms the basis for future studies.
Risk and teenage parenthood: an early sexual health intervention
Authors: Robinson Sally , Robinson Carol
Published: April 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to outline the development of a resource designed to support practitioners, who are not sexual health specialists, but who work with young people who may be at risk of teenage pregnancy or parenthood. Its aim was to enable practitioners to carry out an assessment using a screening tool, and to use educational interventions designed to reduce risk-taking behaviour or refer to a sexual health specialist. A research project to examine the perceptions of practitioners who had used the resource is reported.

Design/methodology/approach

The resource was based on a local needs assessment and developed by a multi-agency working group. The research utilised an online questionnaire and telephone interviews with practitioners.

Findings

Practitioners reported using the screening tool with young people with an average age of 13.1 years. They thought the educational interventions provided knowledge and helped with communication, self-awareness, reflection, confidence, attitudes and values clarification.

Research limitations/implications

The project was based in one county in England. A sample of 17 per cent of the practitioners responded to the questionnaire, and they might be biased towards those who had engaged most, or most positively, with the resource. Three practitioners undertook interviews. The views and behaviours of young people are yet to be evaluated.

Originality/value

Within a climate of limited resources, the findings suggest that the project is providing an acceptable proportionate universalist, early sexual health intervention for young people.
The moderating role of social media usage in the relationship among multicultural experiences, cultural intelligence, and individual creativity
Authors: Hu Shangui , Gu Jibao , Liu Hefu , Huang Qian
Published: April 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the moderating role of social media usage in the relationship among multicultural experiences, cultural intelligence, and creativity.

Design/methodology/approach

This study conducted a questionnaire survey in three public universities in China and obtained 310 useful responses from international students.

Findings

The authors categorized social media usage into informational and socializing usage. Findings show that socializing social media usage strengthens the relationship between multicultural experiences and cultural intelligence, whereas informational social media usage does not strengthen such relationship.

Research limitations/implications

The findings suggest that practitioners, such as managers or university administrators, should focus on well-designed multicultural activities in the development of individual creativity. They should also acknowledge the enabling role of cultural intelligence in developing individual creativity and realize that social media usage should be differentiated from the outcomes of its usage.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the knowledge on the moderating role of social media usage in the relationship between multicultural experiences and creativity based on experiential learning theory. The study presents the relationship among multicultural experiences, cultural intelligence, and creativity. Moreover, by investigating the moderating roles of informational and socializing social media usage, the authors presented that an IT contingent view of multicultural experiences is helpful in understanding the relationship between multicultural experiences and cultural intelligence.
The information ethics perception gaps between Chinese and American students
Authors: Chang Christina Ling-hsing , Chen Jim Q.
Published: April 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to understand the impact of Chinese culture on the information ethics perception gaps between Chinese and American students.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a qualitative approach, this study utilizes Kohlberg’s Cognitive Moral Development model and an open-ended questionnaire to measure and analyze the gaps among information ethics perceptions of students from Taiwan, Mainland China, Hong Kong, and the USA, and to assess the extent to which the gaps are influenced by Chinese culture.

Findings

Students’ perceptions of intellectual property, information accuracy, privacy, and accessibility (PAPA) are deeply influenced by national culture. Sub-cultures have significant impact on the perceptions. Political systems, history, and legal environment may also play a role in the differences of PAPA perceptions among the three Chinese societies. The study also revealed that accuracy and intellectual property are the most deficient areas of moral developments in both Chinese and American samples.

Research limitations/implications

The sample sizes from Hong Kong and the USA were relatively small due to resource and time constraints. In addition, the subjects from Hong Kong and the USA were a little bit older than the subjects from Taiwan and Mainland China due to the fact that universities in HK and USA tend to have more non-traditional students than in universities in Mainland China and Taiwan. Second, the questionnaire is a limited means of studying moral reasoning because the results are likely to reflect espoused theory rather than theory-in-use.

Practical implications

The educational implication of this study calls for a renewed approach to educate students on the importance of information ethics for the sake of sustained economic development.

Originality/value

The novelty of this research lies in its interpretation of students’ PAPA perceptions and fresh insights from a Chineseguanxiperspective.
How does accreditation influence staff perceptions of quality in residential aged care?
Authors: Hogden Anne , Greenfield David , Brandon Mark , Debono Deborah , Mumford Virginia , Westbrook Johanna , Braithwaite Jeffrey
Published: April 2017

Purpose

Quality of care in the residential aged sector has changed over the past decade. The purpose of this paper is to examine these changes from the perspectives of staff to identify factors influencing quality of residential aged care, and the role and influence of an aged care accreditation programme.

Design/methodology/approach

Focus groups were held with 66 aged care staff from 11 Australian aged care facilities. Data from semi-structured interviews were analysed to capture categories representing participant views.

Findings

Participants reported two factors stimulating change: developments in the aged care regulatory and policy framework, and rising consumer expectations. Four corresponding effects on service quality were identified: increasing complexity of resident care, renewed built environments of aged care facilities, growing focus on resident-centred care and the influence of accreditation on resident quality of life. The accreditation programme was viewed as maintaining minimum standards of quality throughout regulatory and social change, yet was considered to lack capacity of itself to explicitly promote or improve resident quality of life.

Research limitations/implications

For an increasingly complex aged care population, regulatory and societal change has led to a shift in service provision from institutional care models to one that is becoming more responsive to consumer expectations. The capacity of long-established and relatively static accreditation standards to better accommodate changing consumer needs comes into question.

Originality/value

This is the first study to examine the relationship between accreditation and residential aged care service quality from the perspectives of staff, and offers a nuanced view of “quality” in this setting.
The “celebrities” in finance: a citation analysis of finance journals
Authors: Calma Angelito
Published: April 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the ten highly ranked journals in finance, and identify the most published authors, most cited articles, top publishing countries, top publishing universities, top publication years and the most discussed topics using keywords.

Design/methodology/approach

Using the services of the Web of Science™ (WoS), all the available data about each journal’s published articles were extracted. A total of 6,029 articles containing 23,521 keywords and 208,905 cited references were analysed.

Findings

Results indicate that Viscusi, Chemmanur and Statman are the most published authors. The most cited article is Fama and French’s (1993) article – Common risk factors in the returns on stocks and bonds – with 522 citations. The most cited author is Eugene Fama with 2,848 citations followed by Michael Jensen with 1,367 citations. USA and England contributed more articles than any other country, where US University of California System ranked first. “Information”, “risk” and “market” were the most discussed topics. Findings from this study reveal not only the popular authors, articles and topics in the scholarly finance literature, but also the lesser-known areas of research, which may need attention.

Originality/value

It is the first large-scale citation analysis study of its kind, representing data from 178 years of combined publication history.
Misreporting, Optimal Incentives, and Auditing
Authors: Loyola Gino , Portilla Yolanda
Published: April 2017

We propose a model that rationalizes the adoption of a misreporting system allowing managerial earning manipulation. A key element of our approach is the possibility of a tacit collusion between the board and the top management at the expense of shareholders and outside investors. Our framework predicts that the adoption of a misreporting system is mainly related to (i) the cost to the management of implementing such a system, (ii) the level of incentives and punishment the board faces, and (iii) the degree of independence/integrity of external auditors.
Are The Statue and The Clay Mutual Parts?
Authors: Walters Lee
Published: April 2017

Are a material object, such as a statue, and its constituting matter, the clay, parts of one another? One wouldn't have thought so, and yet a number of philosophers have argued that they are. I review the arguments for this surprising claim showing how they all fail. I then consider two arguments against the view concluding that there are both pre‐theoretical and theoretical considerations for denying that the statue and the clay are mutual parts.
Virion-Associated Vpr Alleviates a Postintegration Block to HIV-1 Infection of Dendritic Cells
Authors: Miller Caitlin M. , Akiyama Hisashi , Agosto Luis M. , Emery Ann , Ettinger Chelsea R. , Swanstrom Ronald I. , Henderson Andrew J. , Gummuluru Suryaram
Published: April 2017

Viral protein R (Vpr) is an HIV-1 accessory protein whose function remains poorly understood. In this report, we sought to determine the requirement of Vpr for facilitating HIV-1 infection of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs), one of the first cell types to encounter virus in the peripheral mucosal tissues. In this report, we characterize a significant restriction of Vpr-deficient virus replication and spread in MDDCs alone and in cell-to-cell spread in MDDC-CD4+T cell cocultures. This restriction of HIV-1 replication in MDDCs was observed in a single round of virus replication and was rescued by the expression of Vpr intransin the incoming virion. Interestingly, infections of MDDCs with viruses that encode Vpr mutants unable to interact with either the DCAF1/DDB1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex or a host factor hypothesized to be targeted for degradation by Vpr also displayed a significant replication defect. While the extent of proviral integration in HIV-1-infected MDDCs was unaffected by the absence of Vpr, the transcriptional activity of the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) from Vpr-deficient proviruses was significantly reduced. Together, these results characterize a novel postintegration restriction of HIV-1 replication in MDDCs and show that the interaction of Vpr with the DCAF1/DDB1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and the yet-to-be-identified host factor might alleviate this restriction by inducing transcription from the viral LTR. Taken together, these findings identify a robustin vitrocell culture system that is amenable to addressing mechanisms underlying Vpr-mediated enhancement of HIV-1 replication.

IMPORTANCEDespite decades of work, the function of the HIV-1 protein Vpr remains poorly understood, primarily due to the lack of anin vitrocell culture system that demonstrates a deficit in replication upon infection with viruses in the absence of Vpr. In this report, we describe a novel cell infection system that utilizes primary human dendritic cells, which display a robust decrease in viral replication upon infection with Vpr-deficient HIV-1. We show that this replication difference occurs in a single round of infection and is due to decreased transcriptional output from the integrated viral genome. Viral transcription could be rescued by virion-associated Vpr. Using mutational analysis, we show that domains of Vpr involved in binding to the DCAF1/DDB1/E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and prevention of cell cycle progression into mitosis are required for LTR-mediated viral expression, suggesting that the evolutionarily conserved G2cell cycle arrest function of Vpr is essential for HIV-1 replication.
Dramatic Improvement of CRISPR/Cas9 Editing in Candida albicans by Increased Single Guide RNA Expression
Authors: Ng Henry , Dean Neta
Published: April 2017

Candida albicans
is an important human fungal pathogen. An understanding of fungal virulence factors has been slow because
C. albicans
is genetically intractable. The recent development of CRISPR/Cas in
C. albicans
(V. K. Vyas, M. I. Barrasa, G. R. Fink, Sci Adv 1:e1500248, 2015,
https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500248
) has the potential to circumvent this problem. However, as has been found in other organisms, CRISPR/Cas mutagenesis efficiency can be frustratingly variable. Here, we systematically examined parameters hypothesized to alter sgRNA intracellular levels in order to optimize CRISPR/Cas in
C. albicans
. Our most important conclusion is that increased sgRNA expression and maturation dramatically improve efficiency of CRISPR/Cas mutagenesis in
C. albicans
by ~10-fold. Thus, we anticipate that the modifications described here will further advance the application of CRISPR/Cas for genome editing in
C. albicans
.
Os arquivos na intersecção de campos de conhecimentos diferentes
Authors: Crippa Giulia
Published: April 2017

Resenha de: BALDACCI, Cristina. Archivi impossibili: un’ossessione dell’arte contemporanea. Cremona: Johan & Levi, 2016.
Procedural Fairness as a Precondition for Immunity of International Organizations
Authors: Kryvoi Yaraslau
Published: April 2017

This article analyses the notion and role of fairness in the procedural rules and practice of international administrative tribunals. After reviewing decisions of international administrative tribunals dealing with the notion of fairness, it shows that tribunals rely on the concept of fairness to limit discretion of decision-makers, to fill gaps in law and to override written law to ensure fairness. The article makes suggestions as to how to reconcile the different visions and roles of fairness in international administrative law. It argues that with the further development of international administrative law, tribunals should as much as possible rely on rules and principles formulated by external bodies rather than on their personal understanding of fairness.
First record of the subgenus Duolandrevus (Duolandrevus) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Landrevinae) from China, with description of a new species
Authors: ZHANG DONG-XIAO , LIU HAO-YU , SHI FU-MING
Published: April 2017

The subgenus Duolandrevus (Duolandrevus) Kirby, 1906 is recorded for the first time in China, a new species i.e.: Duolandrevus (Duolandrevus) bannanus sp. nov. was collected from Xishuangbanna of Yunnan province, China. The description and illustrations of the new species are provided. A distribution map of all species of Duolandrevus (Duolandrevus) in the world is presented.
Understanding Space Weather: Part II: The Violent Sun
Authors: Strong Keith T. , Schmelz Joan T. , Saba Julia L. R. , Kucera Therese A.
Published: April 2017

The Sun is often racked by short-term violent events such as flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) but these two phenomena are often confused. Both are caused by the release of energy due to the reconnection of stressed and unstable magnetic fields. Flares bathe the solar system in electromagnetic radiation from gamma rays to radio emissions. CMEs throw billions of tons of solar plasma into interplanetary space at velocities of over 1,000 km s−1. Flares can occur without significant ejecta being spewed out from the Sun into the solar system. CMEs can occur without a significant flare being detected. The most violent and dangerous events occur when a large flare is accompanied by a major eruption. These violent events are much more common near solar maximum but can occur at any time during the solar cycle, so we are rarely completely immune to their effects. Various types of solar activity can lead to problems with electrical grids, navigation systems, and communications, and can present a hazard to astronauts, as will be discussed in future papers in this series.
The EUMETSAT Ocean an sea ICE SAF: production and distribution of operational products for key parameters of the ocean surface - atmosphere interface
Authors: GUEVEL G.
Published: April 2017

no abstract
Research roundup: April 2017
Authors: Odd Dawn , Brook Judy , Seal Joanne
Published: April 2017

In this section, a range of brief synopses of recently published articles that may be of interest to health visitors is presented. The aim of this roundup is to provide an overview, rather than a detailed summary, of the research papers selected. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided.
Integrating early years services in Greater Manchester
Authors: Meredith Wendy
Published: April 2017

If you could do one thing to tackle inequalities in health, what would it be? After a few caveats about difficult problems like health inequalities needing complex solutions, the answer is always the same—invest in the early years, says Wendy Meredith
Taking perinatal health into the next 10 years
Authors: Hanley Jane
Published: April 2017

We need to ensure research and development is not allowed to stagnate and that perinatal mental health is consistently in the public eye, says Jane Hanley.
Nuka-style models of primary healthcare
Authors: Jones Maxine
Published: April 2017

Experiences of introducing systems in three practices in Scotland, drawing from features of the Alaskan Nuka system, have been positive in improving access, patient and staff experience, says Maxine Jones
Platelet-rich fibrin-a cost-effective, donor less and indigenous therapy for obtaining root coverage-a case report
Authors: Joshi Bharat
Published: April 2017

Among the periodontal infections, gingival recession is a separate clinical entity which demands a permanent solution plan. Treatment therapies are based on either elimination (as in case of Millerâ€™s class I/II recession) or increasing the width of keratinized gingiva for prevention of further progression (as in case of Millerâ€™s class III/IV recession). From the centuries, graft surgeries like free gingival graft, lateral pedicle and Coronally advanced flaps have been successful in the Â treatment of gingival recession. As every technique has its own merits and demerits, clinicians have tried to stress upon addition of certain adjuncts or biomaterials to ensure rapid healing and less post-operative discomfort. Platelet concentrates are an excellent biomaterials for increasing width of attached gingiva and enhancing wound healing. They are cost effective, do not require donor tissue for harvesting and contain variety of growth factors for initiating regeneration. In this paper, Platelet-rich fibrin a 2nd generation concentrates has been used as an adjunct to Coronally advanced flap with a purpose of increasing width of keratinized gingiva, obtaining complete root coverage and achieving gingival harmony.