bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regulating Circularly Polarized Light Detection via Polar‐Phase Transition in Alternating Chiral‐Achiral Cations Intercalation‐Type Hybrid Perovskites
Authors: Zhu Zeng‐Kui , Zhu Tingting , You Shihai , Yu Panpan , Wu Jianbo , Zeng Ying , Jiang Yuhang , Liu Xitao , Li Lina , Ji Chengmin , Luo Junhua
Published: December 2023

Circularly polarized light (CPL) detection has wide applications in many fields, where the anisotropy factor (gIph) is an important indicator to characterize the CPL detection performance. So far, many materials with high gIph have been reported, however, the exploration of the regulation of gIph is still in its infancy. Herein, two novel alternating chiral‐achiral cations intercalation‐type chiral hybrid perovskites (CHPs), named (R/S‐1‐phenylpropylamine)(propylamine)PbBr4 (1‐R/S), exhibit above room‐temperature (RT) polar‐phase transition, which greatly regulates the gIph value. The gIph of 1‐R is 0.04 in high‐temperature phase chiral non‐polar (P212121) by applying 5 V bias, interestingly, with the temperature decrease, the gIph value in low‐temperature phase chiral polar (P21) gradually increases (0.22@360K, 0.40@340K, 0.47@320K), and finally reaches a maximum of 0.5 at RT. Such value is not only the highest among 2D CHPs to date, but presents a 12.5‐fold amplification compared with 0.04. Further, this rare phenomenon should be attributed to the built‐in electric field induced by the polar photovoltaic effect, which sheds light on further obtaining CHPs with large gIph.
Dynamic in situ Formation of Cu2O Sub‐Nanoclusters through Photoinduced pseudo‐Fehling's Reaction for Selective and Efficient Nitrate‐to‐Ammonia Photosynthesis
Authors: Li Jieyuan , Chen Ruimin , Wang Jielin , Wang Kaiwen , Zhou Ying , Xing Mingyang , Dong Fan
Published: December 2023

Copper (Cu) is evidenced to be effective for constructing advanced catalysts. In particular, Cu2O is identified to be active for general catalytic reactions. However, conflicting results regarding the true structure‐activity correlations between Cu2O‐based active sites and efficiencies are usually reported. The structure of Cu2O undergoes dynamic evolution rather than remaining stable under working conditions, in which the actual reaction cannot proceed over the prefabricated Cu2O sites. Therefore, the dynamic construction of Cu2O active sites can be developed to promote catalytic efficiency and reveal the true structure‐activity correlations. Herein, by introducing the redox pairs of Cu2+ and reducing sugar into a photocatalysis system, it is clarified that the Cu2O sub‐nanoclusters (NCs), working as novel active sites, are on‐site constructed on the substrate via a photoinduced pseudo‐Fehling's route. The realistic interfacial charge separation and transformation capacities are remarkably promoted by the dynamic Cu2O NCs under the actual catalysis condition, which achieves a milestone efficiency for nitrate‐to‐ammonia photosynthesis, including the targets of production rate (1.98±0.04 mol gCu−1 h−1), conversion ratio (94.2±0.91 %), and selectivity (98.6 %±0.55 %). The current work develops an effective strategy for integrating the active site construction into realistic reactions, providing new opportunities for Cu‐based chemistry and catalysis sciences research.
Realizing Low‐Temperature Graphite‐based Rechargeable Potassium‐Ion Full Battery
Authors: Cheng Liwei , Lan Hao , Gao Yong , Dong Shuai , Wang Yingyu , Tang Mengyao , Sun Xinyu , Huang Wenrui , Wang Hua
Published: December 2023

Graphite (Gr) has been considered as the most promising anode material for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) commercialization due to its high theoretical specific capacity and low cost. However, Gr‐based PIBs remain unfeasible at low temperature (LT), suffering from either poor kinetics based on conventional carbonate electrolytes or K+‐solvent co‐intercalation issue based on typical ether electrolytes. Herein, a high‐performance Gr‐based LT rechargeable PIB is realized for the first time by electrolyte chemistry. Applying unidentate‐ether‐based molecule as the solvent dramatically weakens the K+‐solvent interactions and lowers corresponding K+ de‐solvation kinetic barrier. Meanwhile, introduction of steric hindrance suppresses co‐intercalation of K+‐solvent into Gr, greatly elevating operating voltage and cyclability of the full battery. Consequently, the as‐prepared Gr||prepotassiated 3,4,9,10‐perylene‐tetracarboxylicacid‐dianhydride (KPTCDA) full PIB can reversibly charge/discharge between −30 and 45 °C with a considerable energy density up to 197 Wh kgcathode−1 at −20 °C, hopefully facilitating the development of LT PIBs.
Preparation and properties of bisphenol A polyetherketoneketone based phthalonitrile resins
Authors: Brown Loren C. , Richardson Tyler J. , Lusk Clair F. , Weise Nickolaus K. , Laskoski Matthew
Published: December 2023

A promising high temperature phthalonitrile (PN) resin composed of a polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) core bridged by two bisphenol A linkers and end capped with PN groups is presented. This PEKK‐PN resin was characterized via differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared, and rheometry. The PEKK‐PN resin was evaluated with two different compositions containing 1) 70:30 PEKK‐PN to bisphenol A PN (n = 0) and 2) pure PEKK‐PN. The 70:30 PEKK‐PN resin was mixed with bis[4‐(3‐aminophenoxy)phenyl]sulfone and exhibited a melt viscosity of 271 cP, much lower than the 657 cP viscosity of the pure PEKK‐PN mixture. Void‐free PEKK‐PN polymers were easily prepared by degassing and curing up to 380°C, resulting in fully crosslinked networks exhibiting thermal stability above 500°C and a 75% char yield. Additionally, the cured PEKK‐PN polymer samples displayed good mechanical integrity retaining 50% stiffness at 300°C. This combination of properties suggests these new PEKK‐PN resins are excellent materials for high temperature thermosets in composite applications.
Lake Superior's summer cooling of shorelines and adjacent inland forests: Implications for refugia of boreal forests and disjunct arctic–alpine plants
Authors: Hillman Ashley , Nielsen Scott E.
Published: December 2023

Climate refugia can serve as remnant habitat for cold‐adapted species and delay forest transitions. The world's largest freshwater lake by surface area, Lake Superior, serves as a model system for understanding cooling‐mediated refugia effects, as its cool summer water temperatures have maintained disjunct populations of arctic–alpine plants on its shoreline since deglaciation. It is known to affect local inland climates by providing a summer cooling effect; however, the inland temperature gradient and spatial patterns of cooling have not been well quantified. Here, we describe the extent, degree, and patterns of temperature buffering and examine drivers of buffering and disjunct plant occurrence for Lake Superior's north shore over a 3‐year period at distances of 10, 100 m, 1, 10, and 100 km inland. We analyzed temperature data by year, month, summer maximum (July), and growing degree days (GDD0) for each site. Average summertime cooling at shore sites (10 m) was ~5°C cooler than reference sites (100 km inland), with a maximum difference of −19.2°C. The magnitude of cooling varied geographically, with sites further west and southeast showing little to no cooling effect, while the exposed north‐central shore showed the highest degree of buffering (5.8°C cooler) and had a shorter growing season than reference sites. Finally, north‐central shorelines had fewer days above 16°C, a threshold above which disjunct plants are unlikely to grow. These sites also showed the highest proportion of disjunct arctic–alpine species, reflecting the highest buffering from inland sites. On north‐central shores, sites up to 10 km inland had less than 10 days per year warmer than 20°C, a threshold identified for boreal forest transition. An understanding of the extent of lake‐mediated cooling on adjacent forests can better inform the risk to disjunct species, inland forests, and vegetation transition models on Lake Superior's north shore.
Effects of the Pesticide Carbofuran on Two Species of Chlorophyceae (Desmodesmus communis and Pseudopediastrum boryanum) and Their Pesticide Bioremediation Ability
Authors: Luz Daniéli Saul , Guimarães Pablo Santos , Castro Muryllo Santos , Primel Ednei Giberto , Giroldo Danilo , Martins Camila de Martinez Gaspar
Published: December 2023

Carbofuran is one of the most toxic broad-spectrum pesticides. We evaluated the effects of carbofuran on two species of microalgae, Pseudopediastrum boryanum and Desmodesmus communis, through measurements of cell viability, biomass, chlorophyll content, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ability of these algae to remove carbofuran dissolved in the media was also determined. For the evaluations, both microalgae species were exposed to carbofuran (FURADAN 350 SC®) at concentrations of 100, 1000, and 10,000 µg L–1 for 7 days. Algae cell viability and chlorophyll-a concentration were not affected by the presence of carbofuran. Both species grew when exposed to the pesticide; however, the microalgae D. communis grew less than its respective control when exposed to the highest concentration (10,000 µg L–1 of carbofuran), indicating an adverse effect of the pesticide on this species. A significant increase in ROS production was observed in D. communis and P. boryanum when exposed to the highest concentration tested. The microalgae P. boryanum completely removed carbofuran in the media within 2 days, regardless of the concentration, whereas D. communis achieved the same result only after 5 days of exposure. Growth inhibition was observed only until the disappearance of carbofuran from the media. The present study suggests the use of microalgae, mainly P. boryanum, as potential tools for the remediation of environments contaminated by carbofuran because of their resistance to the insecticide and their ability to remove it rapidly from water. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:926–937. © 2023 SETAC
Exploring Inverse Vulcanized Dicyclopentadiene As a Polymer Matrix for Carbon Fiber Composites
Authors: Wickramasingha Y. Athulya , Stojcevski Filip , Eyckens Daniel J. , Hayne David J. , Chalker Justin M. , Henderson Luke C.
Published: December 2023

Inverse vulcanization of waste or renewable dienes has generated materials with phenomenal properties across a spectrum of applications. Nevertheless, the use of these materials for structural applications remains a challenge. Here, the use of an inverse vulcanized cyclopentadiene polymer as a resin for carbon fiber reinforced composites is explored. The dynamic S─S bonds in the polymer matrix are used to repair composite specimens over 5 generations by heating the material to 140 °C. A range of composites are manufactured and evaluated for their flexural properties, using a range of fiber orientations. Finally, this polymer is used to reinforce a carbon fiber fabric composed entirely of reclaimed materials, constituting a composite entirely composed of waste materials and second life carbon fibers.
Synergy and anti‐cooperativity in allostery: Molecular dynamics study of WT and oncogenic KRAS‐RGL1
Authors: Hacisuleyman Aysima , Erman Burak
Published: December 2023

This study focuses on investigating the effects of an oncogenic mutation (G12V) on the stability and interactions within the KRAS‐RGL1 protein complex. The KRAS‐RGL1 complex is of particular interest due to its relevance to KRAS‐associated cancers and the potential for developing targeted drugs against the KRAS system. The stability of the complex and the allosteric effects of specific residues are examined to understand their roles as modulators of complex stability and function. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we calculate the mutual information, MI, between two neighboring residues at the interface of the KRAS‐RGL1 complex, and employ the concept of interaction information, II, to measure the contribution of a third residue to the interaction between interface residue pairs. Negative II indicates synergy, where the presence of the third residue strengthens the interaction, while positive II suggests anti‐cooperativity. Our findings reveal that MI serves as a dominant factor in determining the results, with the G12V mutation increasing the MI between interface residues, indicating enhanced correlations due to the formation of a more compact structure in the complex. Interestingly, although II plays a role in understanding three‐body interactions and the impact of distant residues, it is not significant enough to outweigh the influence of MI in determining the overall stability of the complex. Nevertheless, II may nonetheless be a relevant factor to consider in future drug design efforts. This study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of complex stability and function, highlighting the significance of three‐body interactions and the impact of distant residues on the binding stability of the complex. Additionally, our findings demonstrate that constraining the fluctuations of a third residue consistently increases the stability of the G12V variant, making it challenging to weaken complex formation of the mutated species through allosteric manipulation. The novel perspective offered by this approach on protein dynamics, function, and allostery has potential implications for understanding and targeting other protein complexes involved in vital cellular processes. The results contribute to our understanding of the effects of oncogenic mutations on protein–protein interactions and provide a foundation for future therapeutic interventions in the context of KRAS‐associated cancers and beyond.
Nature‐based strategies to regenerate the functioning and biodiversity of vineyards
Authors: Ochoa‐Hueso Raúl , Cantos‐Villar Emma , Puertas Belén , Aguiar del Rio Juan F. , Belda Ignacio , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Fernández Victoria , Gallardo Antonio , García‐Morales José L. , Garde‐Cerdán Teresa , Gonzaga‐Santesteban Luis , Lazcano Cristina , Liberal Isabel M. , Serrano‐Grijalva Lilia , Tortosa Germán , Casimiro‐Soriguer Ramón
Published: December 2023

Grapevine is one of the most important perennial fruit crops worldwide. Historically, vineyards were compatible with soil conservation practices and multitrophic biodiversity, but vineyards are now generally eroded and biologically impoverished, making them more susceptible to pests and diseases. However, the idiosyncrasy of the wine sector places wine growers in a unique position to lead the adoption of a range of sustainable management strategies and, thus, to pioneer a wider transformation of the agricultural sector. In this article, we provide an overview of nature‐based management strategies that may be used for the regeneration of the functioning and biodiversity of vineyards and that may also lead to improved plant nutrition, grape berry quality and the suppression of pathogens and pests. These strategies include the use of microbial and nonmicrobial biostimulants, fertilization with organic amendments as well as foliar fertilization with nature‐based products, the use of cover crops and the reintegration of livestock in vineyards, especially sheep. We will also pay special attention to the implementation of circular economy in the vineyard in relation to the previously mentioned management strategies and will also discuss the importance of considering all these aspects from a holistic and integrative perspective, rather than taking them into account as single factors. Assuming the integral role of soils in the functioning of agroecosystems, soils will be considered transversally across all sections. Finally, we will argue that the time is now ripe for innovation from the public and private sectors to contribute to the sustainable management of vineyards while maintaining, or even improving, the profit margin for farmers and winemakers.
Boosting the hydrophobicity of eco‐friendly polyaniline coating using TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Gomaa Mona H. , Ibrahim Ahmed , El‐Sayed Kh. , Hamid Z. Abdel
Published: December 2023

This article clarifies the thin layer deposition of superhydrophobic coating using eco‐friendly polymer (polyaniline [PANI]) incorporated with TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles on indium tin oxide substrate. Using the cyclic voltammetry method, in situ polymerization of PANI incorporated with hybrid (TiO2–ZnO) was accomplished. The morphology and hydrophobicity of electro‐deposited films were examined; the impact of deposition cycles was also investigated. The morphological structure was studied using field‐emission scanning electron microscopy and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis proved the incorporation of nanoparticles into the composite matrix. Additionally, the water contact angle of the PANI composite was found to be 150.4°, and the findings reflected that (TiO2–ZnO) nanoparticles were significantly implicated in enhancing this superhydrophobicity. The surface roughness of the PANI matrix was increased when TiO2 and ZnO are added, as was shown by atomic force microscope investigation.
Characterization of the Starch Extracted from an Ancestral Andean Meal: Chuño
Authors: Cruz Gonzalo , Gulotta Cecilia , Bustos Ana Y. , Ribotta Pablo , Ferrero Cristina , Iturriaga Laura
Published: December 2023

The ancestral method of preparing chuño (freeze‐dried potato) involves three steps: freezing, soaking, and drying. The objective of this study is to identify the changes in microstructure, in physicochemical properties, and rheology of gels and suspensions of Andean potato starches caused by the procedure used to obtain chuño. A laboratory simulation of the procedure is performed using the potato variety “Rosadita” (Solanum tuberosum ssp. Andigenum). From the tests carried out on the starches extracted from the chuño obtained in the field and in the laboratory, differences phosphate content and gelatinization temperature are found. Marked differences are observed with respect to the control starch in the soluble amylose content, RVA profiles, textural attributes, and dynamic and viscous rheological properties. The chuño starches present greater resistance to granular breakdown. These observations suggest a different hydration, swelling, and gelation mechanism for the Rosadita and chuño starch samples compared to conventional potato starch and at the same time a modification due to the effect of freezing, which is more noticeable in the chuño obtained at −5 °C.
Unlocking the future of smart food packaging: biosensors, IoT, and nano materials
Authors: Bhatlawande Aboli R. , Ghatge Pravin U. , Shinde Gopal U. , Anushree R. K. , Patil Sagar D.
Published: December 2023

This review examines how biosensors, the Internet of Things (IoT), and nano materials can revolutionize food packaging. It highlights the limitations of traditional packaging, particularly concerning barrier properties and food quality monitoring. The paper aims to provide specific insights into the potential of these technologies. Biosensors enable real-time monitoring and spoilage detection, ensuring safer products, while IoT enhances traceability and transparency in the supply chain, leading to reduced material waste, energy waste, and operational inefficiencies, ultimately improving efficiency. Nano materials offer improved barrier capabilities, strength, and antimicrobial properties, enhancing product quality and sustainability. The review paper also discusses the promising future of smart food packaging, driven by technological advancements and consumer demand for safer and eco-friendly products. However, it acknowledges the challenges related to regulations, sustainability, and consumer acceptance that need to be addressed for widespread adoption. In conclusion, this paper demonstrates how smart food packaging with biosensors, IoT, and nano materials can transform the food industry by overcoming traditional limitations and meeting evolving consumer needs, providing improved food safety, quality, and sustainability.
dTrmt10A impacts Hsp70 chaperone m6A levels and the stress response in the Drosophila brain
Authors: Perlegos Alexandra E. , Quan Xiuming , Donnelly Kirby M. , Shen Hui , Shields Emily J. , Elashal Heidi , Fange Liu Kathy , Bonini Nancy M.
Published: December 2023

Chronic cellular stress has a profound impact on the brain, leading to degeneration and accelerated aging. Recent work has revealed the vital role of RNA modifications, and the proteins responsible for regulating them, in the stress response. In our study, we defined the role of CG14618/dTrmt10A, the Drosophila counterpart of human TRMT10A a N1-methylguanosine methyltransferase, on m6A regulation and heat stress resilience in the Drosophila brain. By m6A-IP RNA sequencing on Drosophila head tissue, we demonstrated that manipulating dTrmt10A levels indirectly regulates m6A levels on polyA + RNA. dTrmt10A exerted its influence on m6A levels on transcripts enriched for neuronal signaling and heat stress pathways, similar to the m6A methyltransferase Mettl3. Intriguingly, its impact primarily targeted 3' UTR m6A, setting it apart from the majority of Drosophila m6A-modified transcripts which display 5' UTR enrichment. Upregulation of dTrmt10A led to increased resilience to acute heat stress, decreased m6A modification on heat shock chaperones, and coincided with decreased decay of chaperone transcripts and increased translation of chaperone proteins. Overall, these findings establish a potential mechanism by which dTrmt10A regulates the acute brain stress response through m6A modification.
Semaglutide reduces tumor burden in the GAN diet-induced obese and biopsy-confirmed mouse model of NASH-HCC with advanced fibrosis
Authors: Hansen Henrik H. , Pors Susanne , Andersen Maja W. , Vyberg Mogens , Nøhr-Meldgaard Jacob , Nielsen Malte Hasle , Oró Denise , Madsen Martin Rønn , Lewinska Monika , Møllerhøj Mathias B. , Madsen Andreas Nygaard , Feigh Michael
Published: December 2023

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is emerging as a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, it is not resolved if compounds in late-stage clinical development for NASH may have additional therapeutic benefits in NASH-driven HCC (NASH-HCC). Here, we profiled monotherapy with semaglutide (glucagon-like-receptor-1 receptor agonist) and lanifibranor (pan-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonist) in a diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse model of NASH-HCC. Disease progression was characterized in male C57BL/6 J mice fed the GAN (Gubra Amylin NASH) diet high in fat, fructose and cholesterol for 12–72 weeks (n = 15 per group). Other GAN DIO-NASH-HCC mice fed the GAN diet for 54 weeks and with biopsy-confirmed NASH (NAFLD Activity Score ≥ 5) and advanced fibrosis (stage F3) received vehicle (n = 16), semaglutide (30 nmol/kg, s.c., n = 15), or lanifibranor (30 mg/kg, p.o., n = 15) once daily for 14 weeks. GAN DIO-NASH-HCC mice demonstrated progressive NASH, fibrosis and HCC burden. Tumors presented with histological and molecular signatures of poor prognostic HCC. Consistent with clinical trial outcomes in NASH patients, both lanifibranor and semaglutide improved NASH while only lanifibranor reduced fibrosis in GAN DIO-NASH-HCC mice. Notably, only semaglutide reduced tumor burden in GAN DIO-NASH-HCC mice. In conclusion, the GAN DIO-NASH-HCC mouse is a clinical translational model of NASH-HCC. Semaglutide improves both NASH and tumor burden in GAN DIO-NASH-HCC mice, highlighting the suitability of this preclinical model for profiling novel drug therapies targeting NASH-HCC.
Dual barrier system against xenomitochondrial contamination in mouse embryos
Authors: Komatsu Masaya , Takuma Hikaru , Imai Shun , Yamane Maiko , Takahashi Masashi , Ikegawa Takuto , Bai Hanako , Ogawa Hidehiko , Kawahara Manabu
Published: December 2023

Heteroplasmic mammalian embryos between genetically distant species fail to develop to term, preventing transmission of xenomitochondrial DNA to progeny. However, there is no direct evidence indicating the mechanisms by which species specificity of the mitochondrial genome is ensured during mammalian development. Here, we have uncovered a two-step strategy underlying the prevention of xenomitochondrial DNA transmission in mouse embryos harboring bovine mitochondria (mtB-M embryos). First, mtB-M embryos showed metabolic disorder by transient increase of reactive oxygen species at the 4-cell stage, resulting in repressed development. Second, trophoblasts of mtB-M embryos led to implantation failure. Therefore, we tested cell aggregation with tetraploid embryos to compensate for the placentation of mtB-M embryos. The 14 mtB-M embryos harboring bovine mtDNAs developed to term at embryonic day 19.5. Taken together, our results show that contamination of bovine mtDNA is prohibited by embryonic lethality due to metabolic disruption and failure of placentation, suggesting these represent xenomitochondrial elimination mechanisms in mammalian embryos.
Recombinant human secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (rhSLPI) coated titanium enhanced human osteoblast adhesion and differentiation
Authors: Leelasukseree Radchanon , Chouyratchakarn Wannapat , Phutiyothin Chayanisa , Pikwong Faprathan , Srisopar Onnicha , Baipaywad Phornsawat , Udomsom Suruk , Mongkolpathumrat Podsawee , Supanchart Chayarop , Kumphune Sarawut
Published: December 2023

Osseointegration is vital to success in orthopedic and dental reconstructions with implanted materials. The bone matrix or cells—particularly osteoblasts—are required to achieve functional contact on the implant surface. Osteoblast induction is therefore essential for osteogenesis to occur. Enhancement of osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, particularly by implant surface modifications, have been found challenging to develop. Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI), a cation ionic protein with anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial activities, showed activation in osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. However, the effects of coating recombinant human (rh) SLPI on a titanium alloy surface on human osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation has never been investigated. In this study, titanium alloys (Ti–6Al–4V) were coated with rhSLPI, while human osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, actin cytoskeletal organization, and gene expressions involved in cell adhesion and differentiation were investigated. The results indicate that coating titanium with 10–100 µg/ml rhSLPI enhanced the physical properties of the Ti surface and enhanced human osteoblast (hFOB 1.19) cell adhesion, activated actin dynamic, enhanced adhesive forces, upregulated integrins α1, α2, and α5, enhanced cell proliferation, mineralization, alkaline phosphatase activity, and upregulated ALP, OCN, and Runx2. This is the first study to demonstrate that coating SLPI on titanium surfaces enhances osseointegration and could be a candidate molecule for surface modification in medical implants.
Genetic variation and geographic distribution of Leishmania orientalis and Leishmania martiniquensis among Leishmania/HIV co-infection in Thailand
Authors: Ruang-areerate Toon , Ruang-areerate Panthita , Manomat Jipada , Naaglor Tawee , Piyaraj Phunlerd , Mungthin Mathirut , Leelayoova Saovanee , Siripattanapipong Suradej
Published: December 2023

Since 1999, the number of asymptomatic leishmaniasis cases has increased continuously in Thailand, particularly among patients with HIV who are prone to develop symptoms of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis further. The asymptomatic infection could play a key role in Leishmania transmission and distribution. Understanding population structure and phylogeographic patterns could be crucially needed to develop effective diagnoses and appropriate guidelines for therapy. In this study, genetic variation and geographic distribution of the Leishmania/HIV co-infected population were investigated in endemic northern and southern Thailand. Interestingly, Leishmania orientalis was common and predominant in these two regions with common regional haplotype distribution but not for the others. Recent population expansion was estimated, probably due to the movement and migration of asymptomatic individuals; therefore, the transmission and prevalence of Leishmania infection could be underestimated. These findings of imbalanced population structure and phylogeographic distribution patterns provide valuable, insightful population structure and geographic distribution of Leishmania/HIV co-infection to empower prevention and control of transmission and expansion of asymptomatic leishmaniasis.
Sulfur-doped g-C3N4 photocatalyst for significantly steered visible light photocatalytic H2 evolution from water splitting
Authors: Lu Xiao-Jie , Xu Li , Ullah Ikram , Li Hong-Bao , Xu An-Wu
Published: December 2023

The introduction of sulfur atoms as electron donors can effectively improve the activity of photocatalytic H2 evolution.
New findings on a Zintl phased K3Ag3As2 ternary semiconductor compound for photovoltaic applications by first-principles methods
Authors: Kimuyu Magdalene Mutheu , Musembi Robinson , Mwabora Julius , Nyongesa Francis
Published: December 2023

The structural, electronic, mechanical, elastic, and optical properties of a previously unstudied Zintl-phased K3Ag3As2 ternary compound were analysed using LDA-PZ, GGA-EV, GGA-PBE, GGA-PBESol, GGA-revPBE, and SO-GGA exchange correlation functionals.
A photocatalyst with an enhanced Schottky effect and an efficient electron-transfer channel fabricated by assembling Ni–WC heterojunction nanoparticles on g-C3N4 for highly efficient removal of chlorophenols
Authors: Wang Qi , Liu Qian , Ma Yuan-Yuan , Bi Hao-Xue , Du Jing , Han Zhan-Gang
Published: December 2023

An enhanced Schottky effect and efficient electron-transfer channel in Ni–WC/CN enable the efficient separation and transfer of photoexcited electrons, which boosts efficient photocatalytic degradation of toxic 4-chlorophenol.
Covalent organic framework based photocatalysts for efficient visible-light driven hydrogen peroxide production
Authors: Xie Ke-Hui , Wang Guang-Bo , Zhao Fei , Wang Miao-Can , Zhang Hao-Yu , Ma Hao-Ran , Chen Zi-Zheng , Jiang Lin , Geng Yan , Dong Yu-Bin
Published: December 2023

This review comprehensively summarized and discussed the up-to-date application of COF-based photocatalysts for efficient H2O2 photosynthesis, aiming to provide constructive guidance for the fast development of this field.
Distal iodine migration of arylalkynes via cyclic monoaryliodonium salts
Authors: Huang Kaitao , You Xin , Luo Bingling , Wen Shijun , Zhu Daqian
Published: December 2023

A convenient synthesis of cyclic monoaryliodonium salts with readily obtained iodoethynylarenes is presented. ortho-Iodoarylacetylenes and 1,3-diynes are afforded in sequential one-pot iodine migration reactions directly from iodoethynylarenes via the in situ formed cyclic monoaryliodoniums.
Reconfigurable ultra-sparse ventilated metamaterial absorber
Authors: Ye Yangsong , Wu Chaolin , Kang Shijie , Gao Cong , Yan Zhaoxu , Huang Yingzhou , Wu Xiaoxiao
Published: December 2023

The impetus for examining ventilated acoustic metamaterials stems from the demand for increasingly efficient and adaptable noise reduction and sound wave manipulation techniques. However, for the present reconfigurable metamaterial absorbers, their absorption band and ventilation rate have not yet attained practical application at low frequencies (<1000 Hz). A theoretical and experimental demonstration of a reconfigurable ultra-sparse ventilated metamaterial absorber for low frequencies with highly sparse ventilation and tunability is presented. The acoustic absorber is based on triadic cylindrical Helmholtz resonators, and a coupled mode theory for three resonators is implemented to elucidate the underlying physics. The absorber achieves a sparsity level of more than 80%, with a measured wind velocity ratio higher than 95%. Furthermore, tunability is accomplished in the frequency range of 600 to 950 Hz through reconfiguration. Due to its simple structure, this metamaterial absorber can be easily fabricated in mass in the future, providing promising solutions for various acoustic engineering applications.
Impact of hair-derived carbon substitution on structural and superconducting properties of MgB2
Authors: Shahbazi Mahboobeh , Pannu Amandeep Singh , Alarco Jose , Sonar Prashant , Mackinnon Ian
Published: December 2023

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the effects resulting from the substitution of biowaste-derived carbon-dot (CD) from human hair on structural and superconducting properties of MgB2. Syntheses of polycrystalline samples were accomplished through a standard solid-state reaction route. X-ray powder diffraction results confirm the formation of MgB2 as a primary phase in all samples and show the successful substitution of carbon for boron in MgB2. The critical current density, determined at 20 K and 4.5 T, for carbon-substituted MgB2 synthesized at 850 °C was enhanced by more than four times compared with unsubstituted MgB2. The observed improvement is due to the formation of efficient pinning centers resulting from the incorporation of carbon substituting for boron in MgB2. Furthermore, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the presence of carbon bonding to boron in MgB2 synthesized with biowaste-derived CDs, indicating successful incorporation into the structure. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) results show that the carbon-substituted MgB2 can lead to changes in the electronic band structure and values of work function. These changes significantly impact the properties of MgB2 materials, including superconducting transition temperature, upper critical field, and critical current density. The XPS and UPS experimental results are in good agreement with density functional theory calculations for MgB2 with and without carbon substitution.
All-dielectric polarization conversion metasurface achieved by high-permittivity ceramics
Authors: Li Liyang , Wang Jiafu , Yan Mingbao , Feng Mingde , Qu Shaobo
Published: December 2023

In this letter, we propose the design and manufacture of an all-dielectric metasurface using high-permittivity ceramics. The unit structure consists of a rectangular ceramic, which is asymmetric in the x and y direction. Electric and magnetic resonances are generated to form cross-polarization reflection. As an example, cross-polarization reflection is demonstrated both numerically and experimentally. This work not only gives the designing method but also discusses how to manufacture a large sample and the difference between ideal simulation and the practical sample. After a large number of simulations and experiments, the feasible design methods and problems needing attention in design are given. The experiment result is according to the adjusted simulated result. The result confirms the feasibility of the design and processing of an all-dielectric metasurface in the microwave band. If we can find a suitable material preparation process or optimize the unit structure that is easy to process, the all-dielectric polarization conversion metasurface can realize a maximum conversion efficiency of nearly 100% and form a broadband working band. Since such metasurfaces are made of low-loss high-permittivity ceramics, they are of important value especially in high temperature or high-power applications. This method can also be used to design all-dielectric metasurfaces in other frequencies by changing the geometry parameters.
Multiphase flow coupling analysis of shield synchronous grouting filling law with time-dependent viscosity
Authors: Li Guanglun , Cao Hongtao , Wu Jian , Wang Bo , Zhou Xuetao , Zhao Wei , Cai Xiaolan
Published: December 2023

Owing to the non-visual characteristics of the shield synchronous grouting engineering, the law of grout filling in the shield tail gap remains obscure. There is a current deficiency in effective three-dimensional filling and diffusion models. Building upon a large-diameter, eight-hole shield tunneling grouting project in Hangzhou, this study aims to construct a holistic three-dimensional model of grout filling in the shield tail gap. Employing COMSOL Multiphysics and grounded on the two-phase Navier–Stokes equations, this study simulated the filling of grouting fluid in the shield tail gap. Utilizing the Brookfield DV3T rheometer, the study ascertained the time-dependent expression of grout viscosity and systematically analyzed the impacts of time-dependent grout viscosity, density, and injection pressure on the filling diffusion morphology, pressure field, velocity field, and the buoyancy experienced by the segmental lining. The results indicate that the injection pressure is positively correlated with the circumferential pressure field of the segmental lining, though the influence on the ring's total buoyancy is minimal. The rate of grout viscosity development significantly affects the overall diffusion morphology: conventional grout tends to be underfilled at the top of the shield tail gap while rapid-setting grout is more likely to be underfilled at the bottom. The grout density is positively correlated with the grout displacement speed and the total buoyancy of the segmental lining. In light of these insights, utilizing low-density, rapid-setting grout under high-pressure grouting for shield tail filling can ensure adequate filling rates while mitigating the adverse effects of segment buoyancy.
The use of routinely collected electronic prescribing data to benchmark intravenous antibiotic use between two tertiary paediatric haematology-oncology inpatient units: a retrospective study
Authors: Channon-Wells Samuel , Hérin Caroline , Elbeshlawi Ismail , Gray Juliet , Patel Sanjay , Paulus Stephane
Published: December 2023

Background

High-quality systematic data on antimicrobial use in UK inpatient paediatric haematology-oncology services are lacking, despite this population being at high risk from antimicrobial exposure and resistance.

Objectives

We conducted a retrospective study to demonstrate how routinely collected electronic prescribing data can address this issue.

Patients and methods

This retrospective study describes and compares IV antibiotic consumption between two UK paediatric haematology-oncology inpatient units, between 2018 and 2022. Both sites provide similar services and receive proactive antimicrobial stewardship input. Data were extracted from each site’s antimicrobial surveillance system, which report monthly days of therapy (DOT) per 100 patient-days (PD). Consumption was reported for specific and total antibiotics. Trends were modelled using linear regression and autoregressive moving average models.

Results

Total IV antibiotic consumption at each site was similar. Median monthly DOT per 100 PD were 25.9 (IQR: 22.1–34.0) and 29.4 (24.2–34.9). Total antibiotic use declined at both sites, with estimated annual yearly reductions of 3.52 DOT per 100 PD (95% CI: 0.46–6.59) and 2.57 (1.30–3.85). Absolute consumption was similar for carbapenems, piperacillin/tazobactam and aminoglycosides, whilst ceftriaxone and teicoplanin demonstrated approximately 3-fold relative differences in median monthly consumption. Meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, teicoplanin, vancomycin and gentamicin all demonstrated statistically significant reductions in use over time at either one or both sites, although this was most marked for piperacillin/tazobactam and vancomycin.

Conclusions

Routinely collected electronic prescribing data can aid benchmarking of antibiotic use in paediatric haematology-oncology inpatients, highlighting areas to target stewardship strategies, and evaluating their impact. This approach should be rolled out nationally, and to other high-risk groups.
Susceptibility of Gram-negative isolates collected in South Korea to imipenem/relebactam and comparator agents—SMART 2018–21
Authors: Karlowsky James A , Wise Mark G , Chen Wei-Ting , Siddiqui Fakhar , Young Katherine , Motyl Mary R , Sahm Daniel F
Published: December 2023

Objectives

To evaluate the in vitro susceptibility of recent Gram-negative pathogens collected in South Korean medical centres to imipenem/relebactam and comparator agents.

Methods

From 2018 to 2021, six hospitals in South Korea each collected up to 250 consecutive, aerobic or facultative Gram-negative pathogens per year from patients with bloodstream, intra-abdominal, lower respiratory tract and urinary tract infections. MICs were determined using CLSI broth microdilution and interpreted by 2023 CLSI breakpoints. Most isolates that were imipenem/relebactam, imipenem or ceftolozane/tazobactam non-susceptible were screened for β-lactamase genes by PCR or WGS.

Results

Of all non-Morganellaceae Enterobacterales (NME) isolates (n = 4100), 98.8% were imipenem/relebactam susceptible. Most NME were also susceptible to imipenem alone (94.7%) and meropenem (97.3%); percent susceptible values for non-carbapenem β-lactam comparators were lower (68%–80%). Imipenem/relebactam retained activity against 96.4%, 70.8% and 70.6% of MDR, difficult-to-treat resistant (DTR) and meropenem-non-susceptible NME, respectively, and inhibited 93.1% of KPC-carrying and 95.5% of ESBL-carrying NME. Of imipenem/relebactam-resistant NME, 21/25 (84.0%) carried an MBL or an OXA-48-like carbapenemase. Of all Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates (n = 738), 82.8% were imipenem/relebactam susceptible; percent susceptible values for all β-lactam comparators, including carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem) were 61.5%–74.7%. Less than 20% of MDR and DTR isolates, and 41% of meropenem-non-susceptible P. aeruginosa isolates were imipenem/relebactam susceptible. Of imipenem/relebactam-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates, 61.6% carried an MBL and 37.0% did not possess any acquired β-lactamase genes.

Conclusions

Based on in vitro data, imipenem/relebactam, if licensed in South Korea, may be a viable treatment option for many hospitalized patients infected with common Gram-negative pathogens including NME exhibiting MDR, DTR and carbapenem resistance and many β-lactam-resistant phenotypes of P. aeruginosa.
A Description of Exercise Programs Implemented During a Firefighter Training Academy
Authors: Mang Zachary A. , Beam Jason R. , Vigil Eric D. , Martinez Adam H.
Published: December 2023

Objective

The aim of the study is to thoroughly describe exercise programs that were performed during a firefighter training academy, including their effects on body composition and physical fitness.

Methods

Fourteen recruits performed exercise programs during a 24-week training academy and several components of their body composition and physical fitness were measured. Moreover, their heart rate (HR) and session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) were recorded during and after every training session, respectively.

Results

Fat-free mass, subcutaneous fat in the abdomen, cardiovascular fitness, flexibility, lower-body power, and muscular endurance significantly improved during the study (P ≤ 0.05). The highest HR and sRPE responses were observed during aerobic training (AT) sessions. The average HR responses relative to maximum HR were similar during AT, high-intensity circuit training, multimodal high-intensity interval training, and high-intensity functional training; however, the sRPEs during high-intensity circuit training and multimodal high-intensity interval training were significantly lower than AT.

Conclusions

Several effective exercise programs can be implemented during firefighter training academies.
Work Ability and Work Nonparticipation
Authors: Conway Paul Maurice , Burr Hermann , Kersten Norbert , Rose Uwe
Published: December 2023

Objective

The aim of the study is to examine the association between work ability and work nonparticipation, including long-term sickness absence (LTSA), unemployment (UE), and disability pension/early retirement (ER).

Methods

We conducted a questionnaire-based 5-year follow-up study on a representative sample of the German working population (n = 2426). We used a two-part model to examine the association of continuous Work Ability Index (WAI) scores with the probability of events of work nonparticipation and the duration thereof.

Results

Higher WAI scores were protective against total work nonparticipation (an index combining the three indicators), LTSA, ER and UE, the latter among males only. Higher WAI scores were protective also against duration of total work nonparticipation and LTSA, but not against duration of UE and ER among males and duration of UE among females.

Conclusions

Higher WAI scores have a protective role against work nonparticipation.
Heightened presence of inflammatory mediators in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Ostertag Curtis , Friedman Timothy N. , Keough Michael B. , Kerr Bradley J. , Sankar Tejas
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a chronic, debilitating facial pain disease causing stabbing pain attacks in the sensory distribution of the trigeminal nerve. The underlying pathophysiology of TN is incompletely understood, although microstructural abnormalities consistent with focal demyelination of the trigeminal nerve root have been shown in patients with TN. Studies of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with TN suggest an increased prevalence of inflammatory mediators, potentially implicating neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of TN, as it has been implicated in other chronic pain conditions.

Objectives:

This study aimed to further assess the inflammatory profile of CSF in TN.

Methods:

Cerebrospinal fluid was collected from 8 medically refractory patients with TN undergoing microvascular decompression surgery and 4 pain-free controls (2 with hemifacial spasm; 2 with normal pressure hydrocephalus). Cerebrospinal fluid was collected from the cerebellopontine angle cistern intraoperatively in the patients with TN. Inflammatory profiles of CSF samples were analyzed using a 71-plex cytokine and chemokine multiplex assay.

Results:

Ten inflammatory markers were found to be significantly higher in TN CSF, and no analytes were significantly lower. Elevated factors can be classified into pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-9, IL-18, and IL-33), chemokines (RANTES and ENA-78), the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TRAIL and sCD40L), and growth factors (EGF, PDGF-AB/BB, and FGF-2).

Conclusion:

This study further supports the notion that neuroinflammation is present in TN, and that multiple molecular pathways are implicated.