bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sulfonated Styrene‐Grafted Polyvinylidene Fluoride Copolymers for Proton Exchange Membranes for AQDS/Bromine Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Niccolai Francesca , Guazzelli Elisa , Cesari Andrea , El Koura Zakaria , Pucher Ilaria , Galli Giancarlo , Martinelli Elisa
Published: December 2024

This study presents the preparation and electrochemical testing of sulfonated styrene‐grafted poly(vinylidene fluoride) (pVDF) copolymers as proton exchange membranes (PEMs) for semi‐organic redox flow batteries (RFBs) based on 9,10‐anthraquinone‐2,7‐disulfonic acid (AQDS)/bromine. The copolymers are synthesized via a two‐step procedure, involving i) atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene (Sty) for the grafting to the pVDF backbone and ii) the sulfonation of the polystyrene grafted side chains. Copolymers with different amounts of sulfonated styrene (SSty) in the side chains (i.e., degree of sulfonation (DS)) are obtained and used for the preparation of PEMs by solution casting. The PEMs are characterized to assess their thermal, mechanical, water absorption, and ion exchange properties, to evaluate the effect of DS on membrane properties, and to select the membrane with the best overall performance for application in single cell tests. Electrochemical testing reveals that the pVDF‐g‐(Sty26‐co‐SSty14) membrane exhibits low crossover of redox species, favorable ohmic resistance, and energy efficiency. Results from single cell tests, as compared with commercial benchmarks such as Nafion 115 and Aquivion E87‐12s, highlight the potential of such copolymers as alternative membranes for RFBs.
A Simple Single‐Layer Wideband Filtenna With Multiple Controllable Radiation Nulls
Authors: Xiang Min , Bian Zi‐Hao , Xiong De‐Yi , Yang Fan , Kang Xin , Liu Xiao , Hu Kun‐Zhi
Published: December 2024

In this letter, a single‐layer wideband filtenna with multiple controllable radiation nulls is presented. The developed filtenna has a very simple structure and is composed with a square substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity, a square patch, and a pair of U‐shaped slots. Notably, the filtenna possesses three radiation nulls that can be tuned by adjusting specific geometrical parameters. To achieve a wide bandwidth and better frequency selectivity, the TM10 mode of the square patch is utilized to couple with the TE210 mode of the square SIW cavity. And a radiation null at upper and lower edge of the passband can be simultaneously obtained because of the effective multipath coupling and the impact of TE110 mode in SIW cavity. An extra in‐band resonance and out‐of‐band radiation null are concurrently introduced by etching a pair of U‐shaped slots at the metal ground plane so as to further expand the bandwidth and enhance the frequency selectivity. To validate the design method, a prototype of the filtenna operating at center frequency of 4.76 GHz was fabricated and measured. The measurement results show an impedance fractional bandwidth of 15.8% (4.38‐5.13 GHz) and a peak realized gain of 6.1dBi.
Multiscale Stochastic Modeling of Backward Erosion Piping Initiation, From Grain Kinetics to Weibull Statistics. Part II: Model Validation and Applications
Authors: Wang Zhijie , Oskay Caglar , Fascetti Alessandro
Published: December 2024

Backward erosion piping (BEP) is a leading internal erosion mechanism for flood protection system failures. A model capable of predicting critical hydraulic conditions for BEP initiation at multiple scales while also incorporating soil variability is a pressing need. This study formulates and validates a novel multiscale probabilistic BEP initiation framework with incorporation of soil variability. The framework is based on a grain‐scale probabilistic model and the weakest link theory, and the theory of rate processes. The multiscale framework proposed herein is validated through a wide range of available experimental data from independent sources, encompassing tests performed at multiple scales. Following calibration with small‐scale experimental data, the model demonstrates accurate prediction of critical hydraulic gradients at larger scales (3–6 orders of magnitude difference), including the ability to capture the grain size dependence of BEP initiation and providing uncertainty estimates. A systematic analysis is performed to uncover the effects of different soil properties on multiscale critical hydraulic conditions.
Factors Influencing the Demoralisation Syndrome of Post‐Operative Patients With Breast Cancer: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Huang Yuxin , Zhuang Panpan , Guan Aixuan , Ren Xiu Rong , Xu Lichun
Published: December 2024

Aim

We explored demoralisation syndrome among post‐operative patients with breast cancer and its relationship with patients' body image and marital intimacy.

Design

A cross‐sectional study.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, 237 patients with breast cancer who were hospitalised in the breast surgery department of Grade A tertiary hospital in Xiamen, China from June 2022 to December 2023 and met the standards of adaxation were selected by the convenience sampling method. The survey tool consists of four parts: general data questionnaire, demoralisation scale‐II (DS‐II), quality of relationship index (QRI) and body image scale (BIS).

Results

In this study, we examined the demoralisation syndrome in 237 post‐operative breast cancer patients, predominantly aged 45–59 years (47.3%), with the majority living with family (94.1%) and having children (95.4%). A small proportion (5.9%) lived alone, and 3% were uninsured, opting to pay for their treatment out‐of‐pocket. The majority (83.1%) had undergone mastectomy, and 51.9% visited the hospital for chemotherapy, with 5.1% experiencing disease recurrence. The mean demoralisation score was 8.52 (SD = 8.47). We found that 22.8% had moderate and 14.8% had severe demoralisation symptoms. Socioeconomic factors such as age, residence, income, tumour staging, post‐operative time, hospital purpose and disease recurrence were associated with demoralisation. Multivariate analysis revealed that income, cancer stage, recurrence, quality of recovery index (QRI) and BIS were independent influencing factors for demoralisation syndrome after breast cancer surgery. These findings highlight the importance of considering a range of patient characteristics when addressing demoralisation in post‐operative breast cancer patients.

Patient Contribution

Demoralisation syndrome in patients after breast cancer surgery is influenced by a combination of sociodemographics, disease, intimate relationship and body image. Clinical medical staff should accurately evaluate and identify patients with demoralisation syndrome after breast cancer surgery and formulate and implement personalised intervention strategies according to their physical conditions and possible influencing factors, so as to reduce the incidence of demoralisation syndrome and improve the quality of life.
Synergistic toughening of carbon fiber/vinyl ester resin composites with core–shell rubber particles and polyphenylene sulfide veils
Authors: Ran Xiaolu , Qin Jiaxin , Wang Mingyan , Jiang Qiuran , Zeng Yongchun , Liu Wanshuang
Published: December 2024

In this work, the interlaminar fracture toughness of carbon fiber/vinyl ester resin (VER) composites was improved through the synergistic effects of core–shell rubber (CSR) particles and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) veils. First, a systematic investigation was conducted to assess the impact of the CSR particles on the viscosity, tensile properties, fracture toughness, and thermal properties of the modified VERs. Compared with the pristine VER, the modified VER containing 10 wt% CSR particles exhibits a 124% improvement in the critical stress intensity factor (KIC) and a 512% improvement in the critical strain energy release rate (GIC). The predicted tensile properties and fracture toughness calculated by the empirical formulas and theoretical models show a good concordance with the measured values. Compared with those of the unmodified composite, the Mode I and Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness of the composite modified by the CSR particles and PPS veils increase by 110% and 132%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy observations indicate that the multiscale toughening mechanisms include matrix plastic deformation, plastic void growth, fiber pull‐out, fiber breakage, fiber bridging and so forth.

Highlights

The toughening behavior of CSR particle‐modified VERs was investigated.

Empirical formulas and theoretical models were used.

The synergistic toughening effect was exerted by CSR particles and PPS veils.
Post‐Treatment Cancer Survivors' Experience of Social Reintegration: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Synthesis
Authors: Ruan Junyi , Liu Cheng , Ren Ruolin , Xing Weijie
Published: December 2024

Objective

Synthesize qualitative research to explore post‐treatment cancer survivors' social reintegration experience.

Methods

We conducted a meta‐synthesis that included studies on all types of cancer. There were no restrictions on article age or location of the studies, provided they met the inclusion criteria. A search of the Cochrane Library, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase (Ovid), and CINAHL (EBSCO) was conducted for studies published in English in February 2024. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. The Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's Manual was used to assess the quality of studies. Meta‐aggregation was performed to synthesize the findings of the included studies.

Results

A total of 1031 articles were identified in the initial search. Sixteen articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The total number of cancer survivors included in this systematic review was 395. Five synthesized findings were identified: the impact of cancer and treatments on survivors' physical, psychological, and social interactions was the cause of social withdrawal; cancer survivors encountered internal and external obstacles in the process of social reintegration; cancer survivors took action to promote social reintegration; support from others encouraged cancer survivors' social reintegration, but they also had unmet needs; social reintegration promoted cancer survivors to view cancer positively and achieve self‐transcendence.

Conclusion

This study synthesized qualitative evidence related to social reintegration among post‐treatment cancer survivors. Cancer survivors took active measures for social reintegration. In turn, social reintegration also had a positive consequence on cancer survivors. Survivors had internal and external obstacles and needs in the process of social reintegration. Therefore, practitioners should identify obstacles and needs for social reintegration and develop targeted intervention programs to facilitate the social reintegration of survivors.
Furazan and Furoxan—A Promising Building Block for Energetic Materials
Authors: Wang Jian‐Hua , Wang Fa‐Wei , Wang Jia‐Peng , Liu Yu‐Cun
Published: December 2024

This review summarizes the representative furazan/furoxan‐based high‐energy‐density materials (HEDMs) synthesized in recent years, the related detonation parameters, and their synthesis methods, as well as classifies them based on their engineering practicality. These materials have furazan or furoxan as the key structure, which is linked to various energetic groups or nitrogen‐rich and nitrogen–oxygen azoles, such as 1,2,4‐triazole, tetrazole, and 1,2,4‐ and 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles. The review also mentions several compounds linked by two or more furazan/furoxan rings. For compounds capable of synthesizing ionic salts, some corresponding ionic salts of energetic compounds are also presented. The majority of discussed compounds have relatively good detonation properties and high sensitivity. They also have the potential to replace existing conventional explosives, such as TNT, RDX, and HMX.
Photonic Microsensor Based on a ZnO Nanowire Grown by Mist Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Kouno Tetsuya , Sakai Masaru
Published: December 2024

A photonic microsensor is demonstrated using a ZnO nanowire grown by mist chemical vapor deposition, which is a low‐cost, low‐environmental‐impact crystal growth technique. The length and diameter of the evaluated ZnO nanowire are 13.5 μm and 600–750 nm, respectively. Under optically pumped conditions, the ZnO nanowire exhibits lasing action owing to its optical microcavity. To evaluate the sensing operation, the shift in the lasing peaks with and without a NaCl microparticle attached to the side of the ZnO nanowire is focused on. In addition, the resonant system and sensing performance of the ZnO nanowire based on the results and numerical simulations are discussed.
Influence of Preparation Ambient on Luminescent and Electrical Properties of TiO2:Sm Thin Films
Authors: Kaku Shinichiro , Miyano Kazuto , Isshiki Hideo , Zhao Xinwei , Murayama Mariko
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the effects of different fabrication and annealing atmospheres on the properties of samarium (Sm)‐doped titanium dioxide (TiO2:Sm) thin films, with a focus on luminescence and electrical conductivity. TiO2:Sm thin films are deposited by laser ablation and annealed at 700 °C in O2 and H2 + N2 atmospheres. X‐ray diffraction analysis shows that fabrication and annealing in the H2 + N2 atmosphere significantly inhibit crystal growth. PL spectra reveal that films fabricated and annealed in O2 exhibit the strongest luminescence, while those in the H2 + N2 show quenched luminescence. X‐ray absorption fine structure results indicate that Sm3+ ions in the non‐luminescent samples have a high‐symmetry oxygen coordination, which is unfavorable for luminescence. C–V and I–V measurements reveal a substantial increase in electrical conductivity for films fabricated and annealed in H2 + N2, attributed to the incorporation of hydrogen and the formation of oxygen vacancies. This study concludes that while the fabrication and annealing in the H2 + N2 atmospheres enhance the electrical conductivity of TiO2:Sm thin films, they also degrade luminescence. Balancing luminescence intensity and electrical conductivity is crucial for the optical device application of TiO2:Sm thin films. It is necessary to carefully adjust the fabrication and annealing conditions to enhance electrical conductivity while maintaining strong luminescence.
Aloe arborescens Standardized Glycosidic Fraction Suppresses Hepatocarcinoma by Modulating TIMP1, MMP9 Genes Expression, and Inflammation/Ki67/TGFβ1 Pathway
Authors: Hakami Zaki H. , Abdo Walied , Nazeam Jilan A. , Osman Samir M. , Goda Wael , Fadl Sabreen E. , Alsulimani Ahmad , AL‐Noshokaty Tohada M. , Haridy Mohie , Alnasser Sulaiman Mohammed , Abdeen Ahmed
Published: December 2024

(1) Background and aim:
Aloe arborescens
Mill. (
A. arborescens
) is one of the most widely distributed species in the genus Aloe and has garnered widespread recognition for its anticancer properties. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these activities have not yet been fully elucidated. This study aimed to explore the effects of the plant polar glycosidic fraction (AAG) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in an in vivo model induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN). (2) Experimental procedure: The fraction was standardized using HPLC‐PDA‐MS/MS fingerprinting, and two distinct intragastric AAG dose regimens were examined (10 and 20 mg/kg) in combination with DEN 200 mg/kg. Serum alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), gamma‐glutamyl transferase (γ‐GGT), glutathione S‐transferase placental (GST‐P), mRNA expression of metabolic cytochrome enzymes (CYP1A3 and CYP2B2), inflammatory genes (nuclear factor kappa‐B p65 subunit; NF‐κB p65), metalloproteases 9 (MMP9), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases (TIMP1), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1), and histological features were assessed. (3) Key results and conclusions and implications: AAG was characterized by five major secondary metabolites: saponins, chromones, anthraquinone, and triterpenes. The fraction reduced hepatic malignancy characteristics by diminishing the size and number of altered foci and lowering hepatic cancer biomarkers, such as γ‐GGT, AFP, and GST‐positive foci. It also reduced the mRNA levels of CYP1A3 and CYP2B2, NF‐κB p65, and MMP9, hepatic Ki‐67, and TGFβ1 while upregulating TIMP1 levels. This study revealed that AAG exhibited a marked suppressive effect on HCC cell proliferation, displaying a range of mechanistic actions, including decreasing the metabolic activation of cytochrome enzymes, which consequently reduced the production of reactive oxygen species and other genes implicated in cancer development. AAG could be a significant therapeutic candidate for patients diagnosed with hepatocarcinoma.
Clinical Feasibility and Technical Aspects of Single Port Robotic TransAnal Minimally Invasive Surgery (SP–rTAMIS) for Rectal Neoplasm
Authors: Kim In Kyeong , Bae Jung Hoon , Lee Yoon Suk , Lee In Kyu
Published: December 2024

Background

Single port robotic platform offers articulation and 360° camera rotation for anorectal tumour excision in a narrow pelvic space. This study assesses the clinical usefulness and outcomes of SP robotic transanal surgery.

Methods

Nine patients who underwent transanal excision using the SP robotic platform were included. A GelPOINT path Transanal Access channel with insufflation stabilisation bag was used to maintain rectal inflation.

Results

All patients underwent full‐thickness excision without intraoperative complications. The mean distance from anal verge was 6.41 cm. Prone position was used regardless of the direction of the tumour due to the 360° rotation. The mean operative time was 66.1 min. The mean docking time was 8.7 min with only one docking. All oncologic resection margins were negative, and recurrence was not observed during follow‐up.

Conclusions

SP robotic transanal surgery allows flexible vision and meticulous procedures in narrow spaces; therefore, this method has greater feasibility and oncologic safety.
Characterizing variations in the figured worlds of teachers and students in science class
Authors: Alzen Jessica L. , Buell Jason Y. , Edwards Kelsey , Reiser Brian J. , Passmore Cynthia , Penuel William R. , Griesemer Chris D. , Zhang Yang
Published: December 2024

This article explores the challenges of enacting reform‐oriented curriculum in science classrooms. We use the concept of figured worlds to analyze a case study of an eighth‐grade science class where the teacher reported that the students were resistant to changes she was trying to make. By examining stimulated recall interviews with the teacher (including the associated classroom episodes) and post‐unit interviews with a subset of the students, we found that the students and the teacher constructed different figured worlds about the science learning in the classroom. These differences centered on the goals that students and teachers had for the class and the roles of the teacher and students in the learning environment. Specifically, we found that there was a lack of alignment around how students and the teacher viewed the purpose of student agency and collaboration and therefore they had different ideas about how they should interact with one another in the classroom. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for science education. We believe that the concept of figured worlds allows researchers and teachers to better understand the challenges of implementing reform‐oriented practices in science classrooms. This understanding can help teachers and professional development providers to create strategies for bridging the gap between different figured worlds and creating more collaborative and productive learning environments for all students.
Oil Pollution and Public Health: A Bibliometric Review of Trends, Key Contributions, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Paz‐Barzola Daniela , Escobar‐Segovia Kenny
Published: December 2024

Oil spills constitute one of the gravest threats to ecosystems and living beings. Exposure to oil pollution has the potential to yield a range of adverse health consequences for individuals. The aim of this study is to examine the intricate relationship between oil pollution and public health through a bibliometric review. The proposed methodology is broken down into four stages: (1) Search criteria, (2) Data collection, (3) Data processing and software selection, and (4) Data analysis and interpretation. The results highlighted a rise in scientific production over time, peaking in 2019. Research production is predominantly led by the United States. Leading authors in this domain include D. P. Sandler and L. S. Engel, notable for their volume of publications and citations. Co‐citation and keyword co‐occurrence analyses revealed “oil spill,” “human health,” and “public health” as recurring terms, underlining the core focus of the literature on these subjects. This study concludes that research on oil pollution and public health has surged notably in recent decades, with deep and pressing academic engagement evident in the literature. Future research appears set to follow a robust trajectory, with an increasingly globalized and collaborative emphasis.
Case Study 4: Frans Hals & Co: the Civic Guard Portraits and the Attribution of The Meagre Company
Authors: Tummers Anna , Wallert Arie , G. Erdmann Robert , Dik Joris , De Keyser Nouchka , van Loon Annelies , Hermens Erma
Published: December 2024

This study concerns Hals’s civic guard portraits, his largest and most prestigious commissions. All five Haarlem civic guard portraits, which were completed under Hals’s supervision, are studied in depth (using super-high-resolution photography, MA-XRF scans and infrared reflectography), as well as a contested Amsterdam civic guard portrait, The Meagre Company. That last work was begun by Hals and – because of a conflict with his patrons - eventually finished by another painter, Pieter Codde (1599–1678). Hals experts have long disagreed about the exact extent of Hals’s and Codde’s contribution to the painting. This case study offers deeper insights into Hals’s technique, style and workshop practice as well as the differences with Codde, and subsequently sheds new light on the attribution of The Meagre Company.
Epilogue
Authors: Tummers Anna
Published: December 2024

The epilogue discusses some of the most revealing findings in this book, ranging from spectacular sketches found underneath some of his most famous paintings to a surprising new insight into seventeenth-century attribution practice (i.e. Hals monogrammed a painting that he did not technically paint himself). Building on the survey of the development of Hals connoisseurship and the extensive case studies, the epilogue reflects on how (relatively) new techniques, digital tools and a close reading of primary sources have altered and expanded our understanding of Frans Hals, and explores their potential for enhancing the eye in attribution matters.
Optimality of Information Iterates
Authors: Dieker Antonius B. , Hackman Steven T.
Published: December 2024

This chapter defines and establishes properties of the graphical QPLEX map and several projection maps. We use these properties to establish what we call period-by-period optimality of the information iterates. We investigate how the choice of information structure graph affects performance metrics.
Simple Transition Dynamics
Authors: Dieker Antonius B. , Hackman Steven T.
Published: December 2024

This chapter defines and describes four model primitives that impose structure on the transition probabilities of a QPLEX chain. We exploit this structure to derive an efficient representation of the QPLEX map that overcomes the curse of dimensionality for histograms, thereby establishing the QPLEX calculus for a broad class of QPLEX chains.
Conditional and Joint Probabilities
Authors: Dieker Antonius B. , Hackman Steven T.
Published: December 2024

This chapter modifies the QPLEX iterative scheme to reflect information about the counter vector observed at various time epochs and illustrates its use to perform Bayesian updates and to make prediction and dynamic adjustments. We define conditional QPLEX iterates and use them to define the joint QPLEX pmf of the counter vectors at different time epochs. We show via counterexample that the corresponding finite-dimensional joint pmfs of the counter vectors at different time epochs are not, in general, consistent. Consequently, these pmfs cannot be associated with a stochastic process (such as a Markov chain or a hidden Markov model). We use the original unconditional QPLEX iterates to define finite-dimensional joint ex-post pmfs of the counter vectors at different time epochs. These pmfs are consistent, which leads to a so-called nonlinear Markov chain of the counter vectors. However, there is a conceptual flaw underlying these ex-post pmfs.
How to and Where to Justice
Authors: Sand Martin
Published: December 2024

Where ought we to interfere to create and ideally just society? Rawls’ assumption that the primary locus of justice is the basic structure—comprising various socio-political institutions—initiates a discussion about the nexus of a just society. Technological utopias exceed the dichotomy between individualist and collectivist utopias and add technology as a third possible constituent for justice. They also challenge to rethink the background assumptions that underlie many theories of justice and are often seen as immutable. Doing this, advances our understanding of justice.
On z-elements of multiplicative lattices
Authors: Goswami Amartya , Dube Themba
Published: December 2024

The aim of this paper is to investigate further properties of z-elements in multiplicative lattices. We utilize z-closure operators to extend several properties of z-ideals to z-elements and introduce various distinguished subclasses of z-elements, such as z-prime, z-semiprime, z-primary, z-irreducible, and z-strongly irreducible elements, and study their properties. We provide a characterization of multiplicative lattices where z-elements are closed under finite products and a representation of z-elements in terms of z-irreducible elements in z-Noetherian multiplicative lattices.
Resilience-oriented management control systems: a systematic review of the relationships between organizational resilience and management control systems
Authors: Weber Max M. , Pedell Burkhard , Rötzel Peter G.
Published: December 2024

Organizations regularly face serious challenges due to pandemics, recessions, and financial crises. One reason some organizations cope better than others may be that their management control systems (MCSs) more effectively foster organizational resilience. Despite considerable literature on MCSs and organizational resilience, there is a lack of research on the impact of an MCS’s use on organizational resilience. This study examines and bridges the literatures on MCSs and organizational resilience to illuminate how organizations can better cope with adversity. To identify potential relationships between management controls, MCSs, and organizational resilience, we systematically review the literature and perform a content analysis. We examine the relationships between organizational resilience measures, capabilities, and management controls. We propose the use of resilience-oriented management controls and discuss whether organizations can increase their resilience by building resilience-oriented MCSs. Based on Simons’s levers of control framework and Duchek’s capability-based conceptualization of organizational resilience, we develop a conceptual organizational resilience/MCS framework. Our study reveals relationships and gaps between the literatures on MCSs and organizational resilience and proposes avenues for future research. Our findings suggest that resilience-oriented MCSs are beneficial to organizational resilience.
Perceived effects of health status on sexual activity in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: a 5-year follow-up study
Authors: Rohde Gudrun , Berg Kari Hansen , Pripp Are Hugo , Haugeberg Glenn
Published: December 2024

Axial spondyloarthritis (ax-SpA) causes pain, fatigue, stiffness, loss of physical function, and poor health status, which can influence sexual activity and enjoyment. To explore whether patients with ax-SpA perceive that their health status effects their sexual activity and to identify predictors of these perceived effects on sexual activity after a 5-year follow-up. Data about demographics, disease, medication, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and sexual quality of life (SQOL) were collected at the baseline and 5-year follow-up. The perceived effect of health status on sexual activity was measured by question 15 in the 15D questionnaire. Data were analysed using the McNemar and independent paired t tests and logistic regression. In the 244 patients with ax-SpA (30% women, 70% men; mean age, 46 years), measures reflecting disease activity decreased and comorbidities increased, and more patients were treated with biological drugs at 5 years. Compared with patients whose health status had little/no effect on sexual activity (n = 200), those who perceived that their health status had a large effect on sexual activity (n = 44) were older, exercised less, fewer were employed, had more comorbidities, higher disease activity, and lower HRQOL and SQOL. The baseline predictors of a negative effect of health status on sexual activity were old age and low SQOL. Patients reporting that their health status had a large effect on sexual activity at 5 years were older, had more disease activity, and lower HRQOL and SQOL.
Androgen receptor pathway inhibitors vs. docetaxel chemotherapy for metastatic hormone-sensitive and first-line castration resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Wenzel Mike , Hoeh Benedikt , Humke Clara , Cano Garcia Cristina , Siech Carolin , Steuber Thomas , Graefen Markus , Traumann Miriam , Kluth Luis , Chun Felix K. H. , Mandel Philipp
Published: December 2024

Purpose

No currently available phase III trial compared docetaxel vs. androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPI) regarding cancer-control outcomes in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). Moreover, few is known about the effect of sequential therapies in mHSPC and subsequent metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

Methods

We relied on the FRAMCAP database and compared docetaxel vs. ARPI in mHSPC patients regarding time to mCRPC (ttCRPC) and overall survival (OS). Sensitivity analyses addressed high volume mHSPC patients. Finally, sequential therapies were compared regarding progression-free survival (PFS) and OS in first-line mCRPC.

Results

Of 419 included mHSPC patients, 25% received docetaxel vs. 75% ARPI. ARPI patients were significantly older (71 vs. 66 years), and harbored lower baseline PSA (38 vs. 183 ng/ml, both p ≤ 0.002). Median ttCRPC was significantly longer for ARPI than for docetaxel-treated patients (30 vs. 17 months, hazard ratio [HR]: 0.49, p < 0.001). In OS analyses, ARPI patients also exhibited significantly longer OS, relative to docetaxel patients (96 vs. 50 months, HR: 0.67, p = 0.03). After multivariable adjustment in Cox regression models, no difference between both treatments remained in both analyses (all p > 0.05). In sensitivity analyses of high volume mHSPC patients only, also no ttCRPC or OS differences were observed for ARPI vs. docetaxel (all p > 0.05). Regarding sequential therapies, no PFS and OS differences were observed for all and specifically high volume mHSPC patients, when ARPI-ARPI vs. ARPI-docetaxel vs. docetaxel-ARPI treatments were compared (all p > 0.05).

Conclusion

In real-world setting, ARPI treatment performs comparable to docetaxel chemotherapy in mHSPC. Therefore, docetaxel should only be used in triplet therapy. Moreover, no differences for sequential therapies of ARPI/docetaxel combinations in first-line mCRPC were observed.
Discovering Climate Change during the Early 21st Century via Wasserstein Stability Analysis
Authors: Xie Zhiang , Chen Dongwei , Li Puxi
Published: December 2024

Climate change is an essential topic in climate science, and the accessibility of accurate, high-resolution datasets in recent years has facilitated the extraction of more insights from big-data resources. Nonetheless, current research predominantly focuses on mean-value changes and largely overlooks changes in the probability distribution. In this study, a novel method called Wasserstein Stability Analysis (WSA) is developed to identify probability density function (PDF) changes, especially the extreme event shift and nonlinear physical value constraint variation in climate change. WSA is applied to the early 21st century and compared with traditional mean-value trend analysis. The results indicate that despite no significant trend, the equatorial eastern Pacific experienced a decline in hot extremes and an increase in cold extremes, indicating a La Niña-like temperature shift. Further analysis at two Arctic locations suggests sea ice severely restricts the hot extremes of surface air temperature. This impact is diminishing as the sea ice melts. By revealing PDF shifts, WSA emerges as a powerful tool to re-examine climate change dynamics, providing enhanced data-driven insights for understanding climate evolution.
Strategic Global Deployment of Photovoltaic Technology: Balancing Economic Capacity and Decarbonization Potential
Authors: Peters Ian Marius
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the disparities in the deployment of photovoltaic (PV) technology for carbon emissions reduction across different nations, highlighting the mismatch between countries with high economic capacity and those where PV installation would maximize global decarbonization benefits. This mismatch is discussed based on three key factors influencing decarbonization via PV technology: per capita gross domestic product; carbon intensity of the energy system; and solar resource availability. Current PV deployment is predominantly concentrated in economically advanced countries, and does not coincide with regions where the environmental and economic impact of such installations would be most significant. Through a series of thought experiments, it is demonstrated how alternative prioritization strategies could significantly reduce global carbon emissions. Argument is put forward for a globally coordinated approach to PV deployment, particularly targeting high-impact sunbelt regions, to enhance the efficacy of decarbonization efforts and promote equitable energy access. The study underscores the need for international policies that support sustainable energy transitions in economically less developed regions through workforce development and assistance with the activation of capital.
Energy Meteorology for the Evaluation of Solar Farm Thermal Impacts on Desert Habitats
Authors: Coimbra Carlos F. M.
Published: December 2024

This work addresses challenges and opportunities in the evaluation of solar power plant impacts, with a particular focus on thermal effects of solar plants on the environment and vice-versa. Large-scale solar power plants are often sited in arid or desert habitats, which tend to include fauna and flora that are highly sensitive to changes in temperature and humidity. Our understanding of both shortwave (solar) and longwave (terrestrial) radiation processes in solar power plants is complete enough to render the modeling of radiation fluxes with high confidence for most applications. In contrast to radiation, the convective environment in large-scale solar power plants is much more difficult to characterize. Wind direction, wind speed, turbulence intensity, dust concentration, ground condition, panel configuration density, orientation and distribution throughout the solar field, all affect the local environment, the balance between radiation and convection, and in turn, the performance and thermal impact of solar power plants. Because the temperatures of the two sides of photovoltaic (PV) panels depend on detailed convection–radiation balances, the uncertainty associated with convection affects the heat and mass transfer balances as well. Those balances are critically important in estimating the thermal impact of large-scale solar farms on local habitats. Here we discuss outstanding issues related with these transfer processes for utility-scale solar generation and highlight potential pathways to gain useful knowledge about the convective environment directly from solar farms under operating conditions.
Evaluation of the ETV success score and its predictive value in pediatric occlusive hydrocephalus: implications for patient counseling
Authors: Krause Matthias , Gräfe Daniel , Metzger Roman , Griessenauer Christoph J. , Gburek-Augustat Janina
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV) is a well-established treatment for pediatric hydrocephalus, particularly in cases of aqueductal stenosis. The ETV Success Score (ETVSS) is a predictive tool widely used to estimate the likelihood of ETV success based on factors like age. Its accuracy, especially in infants under 3 months, is still debated.

Patients and methods

This study evaluates the age-dependency of ETV success in 54 pediatric patients compared to ETVSS predictions. Patients were divided into age and pathology groups according to Kulkarni. Success was defined according the ETVSS criteria. Minimum follow-up was 12 months and included MRI to demonstrate a flow void at the floor or the third ventricle.

Results

Our institutional data revealed a higher overall success rate SR (88%) compared to the ETVSS-predicted rate of 73%. Despite small numbers within subgroups, especially in very young children < 1 month, the success rate was higher than predicted by ETVSS.

Discussion

Our results show significantly higher actual SR across all age groups compared to ETVSS predictions (p = 0.035) when selected and performed by an experienced physician. The age groups > 1 year had significantly higher SR close to 100% (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0038, respectively). This suggests that ETV may be underutilized, particularly in infants, where predicted success rates are pessimistic.

Conclusion

ETVSS is a useful tool for counseling of parents, but differences in institution-specific outcomes should not be neglected. Depending on that, physicians might opt in favor of ETV as primary treatment in occlusive hydrocephalus of very young children, counterbalancing risks and sequalae of VP-shunting.
Advancements in immunotherapy for colorectal cancer treatment: a comprehensive review of strategies, challenges, and future prospective
Authors: Kaviyarasan Vaishak , Das Alakesh , Deka Dikshita , Saha Biki , Banerjee Antara , Sharma Neeta Raj , Duttaroy Asim K. , Pathak Surajit
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) continues to present significant challenges, particularly in patients with proficient mismatch repair/microsatellite stable (pMMR/MSS) tumors. This narrative review aims to provide recent developments in immunotherapy for CRC treatment, focusing on its efficacy and challenges.

Methods

This review discussed the various immunotherapeutic strategies for CRC treatment, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting PD-1 and PD-L1, combination therapies involving ICIs with other modalities, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) cell therapy, and cancer vaccines. The role of the tumor microenvironment and immune evasion mechanisms was also explored to understand their impact on the effectiveness of these therapies.

Results

This review provides a comprehensive update of recent advancements in immunotherapy for CRC, highlighting the potential of various immunotherapeutic approaches, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, combination therapies, CAR-T therapy, and vaccination strategies. The results of checkpoint inhibitors, particularly in patients with MSI-H/dMMR tumors, which have significant improvements in survival rates have been observed. Furthermore, this review also addresses the challenges faced in treating pMMR/MSS CRC, which remains resistant to immunotherapy.

Conclusion

Immunotherapy plays a significant role in the treatment of CRC, particularly in patients with MSI-H/dMMR tumors. However, many challenges remain, especially in treating pMMR/MSS CRC. This review discussed the need for further research into combination therapies, biomarker development, CAR-T cell therapy, and a deeper understanding of immune evasion mechanisms for CRC treatment.
Organisatorisch-strukturelle Rahmenbedingungen beeinflussen die Analgesie durch Notfallsanitäterinnen und Notfallsanitäter: eine Routinedatenanalyse
Authors: Häske David , Hochgreve Bernd , Dorau Wolfgang , Eppler Fabian , Kretzschmar Iris , Stock Jan-Philipp , Schempf Benjamin , Heinemann Niklas
Published: December 2024

Hintergrund

Akute Schmerzzustände sind ein häufiger Grund für Rettungsdiensteinsätze, weswegen die Analgesie durch alle qualifizierten Rettungskräfte möglich sein und beherrscht werden muss.

Ziel der Arbeit

Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, den Einfluss der Strukturqualität auf die Durchführung einer medikamentösen Analgesie durch Notfallsanitäter zu beschreiben.

Methode

In einer explorativen grafischen Datenanalyse wurden rettungsdienstliche Routinedaten auf organisatorisch-strukturelle Einflüsse hinsichtlich Häufigkeit, Indikationen, Erfolg und Notarztnachforderung bei der Analgesie durch Notfallsanitäter untersucht.

Ergebnis

Im Untersuchungszeitraum 01.01.2018 bis 31.12.2023 konnten insgesamt 1640 Patienten eingeschlossen werden. Das Durchschnittsalter der Patienten betrug 56 ± 23 Jahre (6 bis 101 Jahre). Führende Indikationen waren Traumata (51,5 %), abdominelle Beschwerden (25,1 %) und sonstige Erkrankungen (11,7 %). Den größten negativen Einfluss auf die Analgesiehäufigkeit hatte ein temporär fehlender Versicherungsschutz mit einem Rückgang von −66,4 % und einem Anstieg von Notarztnachforderungen von 23,2 % auf 71,6 %. Den größten positiven Einfluss hatte die Einführung der Vorabdelegation und Anpassungen entsprechend den Betäubungsmittelgesetzesänderungen mit einem Anstieg um +138,6 % und einem Abfall der Notarztnachforderungen auf 4,7 %. Der Indikator „erfolgreiche Analgesie“ stieg von 56,4 % auf 86,9 %.

Diskussion

Die Analyse der Routinedaten zeigt, dass organisatorische und strukturelle Faktoren wie gesetzliche Vorgaben, interne Richtlinien, haftungsrechtliche Aspekte und verfügbares Equipment die Häufigkeit der Analgesie beeinflussen. Diese Faktoren wirken sich auch auf die Notwendigkeit einer Notarztnachforderung aus und sind daher für das Gesamtsystem bedeutsam.

Graphic abstract
Effect of geometric obstructions, particle size distribution, and release angle on the mobility and deposit distribution along the runout zone of rock avalanches
Authors: Gardezi Hasnain , Li Xingyue , Huang Yu
Published: December 2024

This study determined the effect of various geometric obstructions, particle size distribution (coarse, fine, and uniform), and release angles (40°, 50°, and 60°) on the mobility and deposit distribution along the obstructions (concave and convex) in the runout zone of rock avalanches using Discrete Element Modelling, with which particle-particle and particle-wall interactions can be naturally captured. The results indicate that the convex and concave obstructions for coarse gradation at a release angle of 40° reduced the mobility of the slide by 40% and 33% and increased the duration of the slide by 20% and 18% compared to plain geometry, and similar behaviour was observed for uniform and fine graded particles. In addition, as the release angle increases, the velocity increases and the duration of the slide decreases for all types of gradations and geometric obstructions. Moreover, the particles get airborne after hitting the convex obstruction, whereas for concave obstruction, particles move in the form of an anticlockwise whirlpool inside the obstruction and try to escape from the upstream edge. The airborne characteristics such as jump distance, airborne time, and maximum jump height of particles greatly vary with the release angle. In comparison, the escape velocity of particles from a whirlpool is not influenced by gradation or release angle. Furthermore, the deposition of particles along the obstruction is different from that in the valley and is greatly influenced by the release angle. The study will help understand the interaction of sliding material with natural obstructions in the runout zone by considering various particle sizes and release angles.
Employer support for return-to-work after a prolonged sick-leave: evidence for Europe
Authors: Leoni Thomas
Published: December 2024

Aim

Employers play an important role in facilitating the return-to-work (RTW) of employees after a prolonged sick leave. However, the extent of employer involvement in RTW efforts is largely unexplored in an international comparative context. This study provides evidence on the diffusion of procedures to facilitate RTW after sick leave in workplaces across European countries and welfare regimes.

Subject and methods

Workplace practices are examined using microdata from the three waves of the European Survey on New and Emerging Risks (ESENER), collected in 2009, 2014 and 2019. The analysis is carried out using logistic models, accounting for economic structure and establishment size.

Results

Using the Continental countries as reference, the odds ratio for RTW support corresponds to 3.6 (95% CI 2.77–4.79) in Liberal welfare states and to 3.1 (95% CI 2.45–3.88) in Nordic welfare states. In Southern and Eastern Europe, the odds ratios are 0.3 (95% CI 0.25–0.36) and 0.2 (95% CI 0.16–0.26), respectively. Countries with high levels of RTW support display different combinations of legal obligations and/or incentives for employers to support RTW. While support increases consistently with firm size, no clear association across industries could be found. The observed patterns are stable over time.

Conclusion

Employer support for RTW varies greatly among countries and welfare state regimes, indicating that institutional settings and policies are key determinants of employer participation in RTW, particularly in smaller workplaces. The findings clearly indicate that there is substantial scope for policy learning and for expanding the support for sick-listed workers in Europe.
Impact of adipocytes on ultrasound evaluation of parathyroid adenomas
Authors: Fujimoto Tomoko , Hirokawa Mitsuyoshi , Suzuki Ayana , Oshita Maki , Yamaoka Hiroyuki , Fujishima Makoto , Onoda Naoyoshi , Miyauchi Akira , Akamizu Takashi
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Parathyroid lipoadenomas are difficult to recognize preoperatively; hence, they may remain undetected. Difficulty in recognition is thought to be due to the adipocytes present in the tumor. This study aimed to clarify the impact of adipocytes as a component of parathyroid adenomas on ultrasound evaluation.

Methods

Eighteen parathyroid adenoma cases, in which the adipose tissue accounted for more than 10% of the tumors, were included in this study. Of these, five were consistent with lipoadenomas. Twenty-five consecutive patients with parathyroid adenoma without adipocytes were used as controls.

Results

Ultrasonography revealed a lipoadenoma detection rate of 20.0%. This increased to 80.0% at re-examinations performed after obtaining information from other imaging modalities. Compared with parathyroid adenoma cases with no adipocytes or few adipocytes, the frequencies of ill-defined margins, iso- and/or hyperechogenicity, heterogeneous consistency with a two-tone pattern, poor vascular flow, no polar artery, and no hyperechoic line were significantly higher in parathyroid lipoadenoma cases. The hyperechoic and isoechoic areas in tumors with a two-tone pattern correspond to adipocyte- and parathyroid cell-rich areas, respectively. The lipoadenoma tumor sizes measured using ultrasound tended to be smaller than the actual sizes.

Conclusions

The characteristic ultrasound findings of lipoadenomas were clearly different from those of parathyroid adenomas with or without adipocytes. We believe that our findings may contribute to an increased detection rate of lipoadenomas and allow us to consider them in the differential diagnosis.