bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Network and 16S rRNA Sequencing-Combined Approach Provides Insightal Evidence of Vitamin K2 for Salt-Sensitive Hypertension
Authors: Liu Tian-hao , Chen Ming-hao , Tu Wan-qing , Liang Qiu-er , Tao Wen-cong , Jin Zhen , Xiao Ya , Chen Li-guo
Published: February 2021

Vitamin K2 (VK2), found to act to treat hypertension, has been widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries nowadays. However, the potential targets and molecular mechanisms of VK2 for salt-sensitive hypertension have not been fully investigated. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms of VK2 for salt-sensitive hypertension using network pharmacology and 16S rRNA sequencing strategy. The network pharmacology-based findings from KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that VK2-treated salt-sensitive hypertension was mechanically associated with the complement and coagulation cascades, calcium signaling pathway, renin–angiotensin system, etc. A total of 29 different bacteria in an animal experiment after VK2 supplementation were screened and functionally enriched using PICRUSt2. Additionally, 10 signaling pathways were identified in which the renin–angiotensin system was found to be the potential molecular mechanisms with the greatest change in multiple and statistical significance. Moreover, the results of the renin–angiotensin system-related protein expression exhibited VK2-inhibited renin–angiotensin system in salt-induced hypertensive mice, which significantly verified the previous biological and functional prediction analysis. Finally, spearman correlation analysis showed the different bacteria such as Dubosiella, Ileibacterium, etc., had a positive or negative correlation with renin–angiotensin system-related proteins in salt-induced mice. In conclusion, the potential molecular mechanisms of VK2 for salt-sensitive hypertension may be beneficially achieved by the specific inhibition of the renin–angiotensin system, contributing to the development for a new preventive strategy of salt-sensitive hypertension.
Advanced NSCLC Patients With EGFR T790M Harboring TP53 R273C or KRAS G12V Cannot Benefit From Osimertinib Based on a Clinical Multicentre Study by Tissue and Liquid Biopsy
Authors: Fu Yulong , Wang Anqi , Zhou Jieqi , Feng Wei , Shi Minhua , Xu Xiao , Zhao Hongqing , Cai Liming , Feng Jian , Lv Xuedong , Zhang Xiaodong , Xu Wenjing , Zhang Zhengrong , Ma Guoer , Wang Jian , Zhou Tong , Zhao Dahai , Fang Haohui , Liu Zeyi , Huang Jian-an
Published: February 2021

Background

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with first-generation epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) almost always acquire resistance, and the development of novel techniques analyzing circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) have made it possible for liquid biopsy to detect genetic alterations from limited amount of DNA with less invasiveness. While a large amount of patients with EGFR exon 21 p.Thr790 Met (T790M) benefited from osimertinib treatment, acquired resistance to osimertinb has subsequently become a growing challenge.

Methods

We performed tissue and liquid rebiopsy on 50 patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC who acquired resistance to first-generation EGFR-TKIs. Plasma samples underwent droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) examinations. Corresponding tissue samples underwent NGS and Cobas® EGFR Mutation Test v2 (Cobas) examinations.

Results

Of the 50 patients evaluated, the mutation detection rates of liquid biopsy group and tissue biopsy group demonstrated no significant differences (41/48, 85.4% vs. 44/48, 91.7%; OR=0.53, 95% CI=0.15 to 1.95). Overall concordance, defined as the proportion of patients for whom at least one identical genomic alteration was identified in both tissue and plasma, was 78.3% (36/46, 95% CI=0.39 to 2.69). Moreover, our results showed that almost half of the patients (46%, 23/50) resistant to first-generation EGFR-TKI harbored p.Thr790 Met (T790M) mutation. 82.6% (19/23) of the T790M positive patients were analyzed by liquid biopsy and 60.9% (14/23) by tumor tissue sequencing. Meanwhile, a wide range of uncommon mutations was detected, and novel mechanisms of osimertinib resistance were discovered. In addition, 16.7% (2/12) of the T790M positive patients with either TP53 R237C or KRAS G12V failed to benefit from the subsequent osimertinib treatment.

Conclusion

Our results emphasized that liquid biopsy is applicable to analyze the drug resistance mechanisms of NSCLC patients treated with EGFR-TKIs. Moreover, we discovered two uncommon mutations, TP53 R273C and KRAS G12V, which attenuates the effectiveness of osimertinib.
Perspective: A Framework to Screen Pediatric and Adolescent Hematopoietic Cellular Therapy Patients for Organ Dysfunction: Time for a Multi-Disciplinary and Longitudinal Approach
Authors: Ahmad Ali H. , Mahadeo Kris M.
Published: February 2021

Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT) is a potentially curative therapy for children and adolescent/young adults (AYA) with high-risk malignancies as well as some non-malignant genetic diseases. However, HCT may be associated with endotheliopathies and/or organ dysfunction that may progress to pediatric multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (pMODS) and require critical care intervention. Discipline specific scoring systems may be used to characterize individual organ dysfunction, but the extent to which they are used to prospectively monitor HCT patients with mild dysfunction is unknown. Further, separate scoring systems may be used to define risk of mortality and inform prognostication among those who require critical care support. Our understanding of the epidemiology, risk factors, morbidity, mortality, required monitoring, optimal prevention strategies and appropriate management of children undergoing HCT who develop organ dysfunction, endotheliopathies and/or progress to pMODS is poor. Discipline-specific registries and clinical studies have described improving outcomes for children undergoing HCT, including those who require critical care support; however, longitudinal studies/prospective registries that capture common data elements among HCT patients with and without organ dysfunction, endotheliopathies and pMODS are needed to facilitate inter-disciplinary collaboration and optimally characterize the risk profiles, define screening and prophylaxis regimens and mitigate toxicity.
3D Human Pose Estimation Based on a Fully Connected Neural Network With Adversarial Learning Prior Knowledge
Authors: Meng Lu , Gao Hengshang
Published: February 2021

3D human pose estimation is more and more widely used in the real world, such as sports guidance, limb rehabilitation training, augmented reality, and intelligent security. Most existing human pose estimation methods are designed based on an RGB image obtained by one optical sensor, such as a digital camera. There is some prior knowledge, such as bone proportion and angle limitation of joint hinge motion. However, the existing methods do not consider the correlation between different joints from multi-view images, and most of them adopt fixed spatial prior constraints, resulting in poor generalizations. Therefore, it is essential to build a multi-view image acquisition system using optical sensors and customized algorithms for a 3D reconstruction of the human pose in the image. Inspired by generative adversarial networks (GAN), we used a data-driven method to learn the implicit spatial prior information and classified joints according to the natural connection characteristics. To accelerate the proposed method, we proposed a fully connected network with skip connections and used the SMPL model to make the 3D human body reconstruction. Experimental results showed that compared with other state-of-the-art methods, the joints’ average error of the proposed method was the smallest, which indicated the best performance. Moreover, the running time of the proposed method was 1.3 seconds per frame, which may not meet real-time requirements, but is still much faster than most existing methods.
Two Deoxythymidine Triphosphate Synthesis-Related Genes Regulate Obligate Symbiont Density and Reproduction in the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci MED
Authors: Yang Zezhong , Gong Cheng , Hu Yuan , Zhong Jie , Xia Jixing , Xie Wen , Yang Xin , Guo Zhaojiang , Wang Shaoli , Wu Qingjun , Zhang Youjun
Published: February 2021

Deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP) is essential for DNA synthesis and cellular growth in all organisms. Here, genetic capacity analysis of the pyrimidine pathway in insects and their symbionts revealed that dTTP is a kind of metabolic input in several host insect/obligate symbiont symbiosis systems, including Bemisia tabaci MED/Candidatus Portiera aleyrodidarum (hereafter Portiera). As such, the roles of dTTP on both sides of the symbiosis system were investigated in B. tabaci MED/Portiera. Dietary RNA interference (RNAi) showed that suppressing dTTP production significantly reduced the density of Portiera, significantly repressed the expression levels of horizontally transferred essential amino acid (EAA) synthesis-related genes, and significantly decreased the reproduction of B. tabaci MED adults as well as the hatchability of their offspring. Our results revealed the regulatory role of dTTP in B. tabaci MED/Portiera and showed that dTTP synthesis-related genes could be potential targets for controlling B. tabaci as well as other sucking pests.
HvRNASET2 Regulate Connective Tissue and Collagen I Remodeling During Wound Healing Process
Authors: Baranzini Nicolò , Pulze Laura , Tettamanti Gianluca , Acquati Francesco , Grimaldi Annalisa
Published: February 2021

Several studies have recently demonstrated that the correct regeneration of damaged tissues and the maintaining of homeostasis after wounds or injuries are tightly connected to different biological events, involving immune response, fibroplasia, and angiogenetic processes, in both vertebrates and invertebrates. In this context, our previous data demonstrated that the Hirudo verbana recombinant protein rHvRNASET2 not only plays a pivotal role in innate immune modulation, but is also able to activate resident fibroblasts leading to new collagen production, both in vivo and in vitro. Indeed, when injected in the leech body wall, which represents a consolidated invertebrate model for studying both immune response and tissue regeneration, HvRNASET2 induces macrophages recruitment, fibroplasia, and synthesis of new collagen. Based on this evidence, we evaluate the role of HvRNASET2 on muscle tissue regeneration and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in rHvRNASET2-injected wounded leeches, compared to PBS-injected wounded leeches used as control. The results presented here not only confirms our previous evidence, reporting that HvRNASET2 leads to an increased collagen production, but also shows that an overexpression of this protein might influence the correct progress of muscle tissue regeneration. Moreover, due to its inhibitory effect on vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, HvRNASET2 apparently interfere with the recruitment of the myoendothelial vessel-associated precursor cells that in turn are responsible for muscle regeneration during wound healing repair.
Functional Hyperspectral Imaging by High-Related Vegetation Indices to Track the Wide-Spectrum Trichoderma Biocontrol Activity Against Soil-Borne Diseases of Baby-Leaf Vegetables
Authors: Manganiello Gelsomina , Nicastro Nicola , Caputo Michele , Zaccardelli Massimo , Cardi Teodoro , Pane Catello
Published: February 2021

Research has been increasingly focusing on the selection of novel and effective biological control agents (BCAs) against soil-borne plant pathogens. The large-scale application of BCAs requires fast and robust screening methods for the evaluation of the efficacy of high numbers of candidates. In this context, the digital technologies can be applied not only for early disease detection but also for rapid performance analyses of BCAs. The present study investigates the ability of different Trichoderma spp. to contain the development of main baby-leaf vegetable pathogens and applies functional plant imaging to select the best performing antagonists against multiple pathosystems. Specifically, sixteen different Trichoderma spp. strains were characterized both in vivo and in vitro for their ability to contain R. solani, S. sclerotiorum and S. rolfsii development. All Trichoderma spp. showed, in vitro significant radial growth inhibition of the target phytopathogens. Furthermore, biocontrol trials were performed on wild rocket, green and red baby lettuces infected, respectively, with R. solani, S. sclerotiorum and S. rolfsii. The plant status was monitored by using hyperspectral imaging. Two strains, Tl35 and Ta56, belonging to T. longibrachiatum and T. atroviride species, significantly reduced disease incidence and severity (DI and DSI) in the three pathosystems. Vegetation indices, calculated on the hyperspectral data extracted from the images of plant-Trichoderma-pathogen interaction, proved to be suitable to refer about the plant health status. Four of them (OSAVI, SAVI, TSAVI and TVI) were found informative for all the pathosystems analyzed, resulting closely correlated to DSI according to significant changes in the spectral signatures among health, infected and bio-protected plants. Findings clearly indicate the possibility to promote sustainable disease management of crops by applying digital plant imaging as large-scale screening method of BCAs' effectiveness and precision biological control support.
Strategies to Produce Grapefruit-Like Citrus Varieties With a Low Furanocoumarin Content and Distinctive Flavonoid Profiles
Authors: Garcia-Lor A. , Bermejo A. , Morales J. , Hernández M. , Medina A. , Cuenca J. , Navarro L. , Aleza Pablo
Published: February 2021

Pummelos and hybrids, such as grapefruits, have high furanocoumarin and low flavonoid contents. Furanocoumarins interact negatively with certain drugs, while flavonoids are antioxidant compounds with health benefits. To obtain new grapefruit-like varieties with low furanocoumarin and high flavonoid contents, diploid and triploid hybrid populations from crosses between diploid and tetraploid “Clemenules” clementine and diploid “Pink” pummelo were recovered and analyzed. With regard to furanocoumarins, triploids produce less bergapten, bergamottin and 6,7-DHB than diploids. Regarding flavonoids, triploids yielded more eriocitrin, narirutin, hesperidin and neohesperidin than diploids, whereas no differences were observed in neoeriocitrin and naringin. These results indicate that, the strategy to recover triploid hybrids by 4x × 2x crosses is more appropriate than the recovery of diploid hybrids by 2x × 2x crosses for obtaining grapefruit-like varieties of citrus with lower furanocoumarin and higher flavonoid contents.
Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training and Moderate-Intensity Training on Stress, Depression, Anxiety, and Resilience in Healthy Adults During Coronavirus Disease 2019 Confinement: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Borrega-Mouquinho Yolanda , Sánchez-Gómez Jesús , Fuentes-García Juan Pedro , Collado-Mateo Daniel , Villafaina Santos
Published: February 2021

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of two intervention programs, (1) high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and (2) moderate-intensity training (MIT), on anxiety, depression, stress, and resilience during the confinement caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in healthy adults.

Methods: A total of 67 adults who participated were randomly assigned to two groups: HIIT and MIT groups. The MIT group had to perform a home-based intervention based on aerobic exercises, whereas the HIIT group had to perform a home-based intervention based on HIIT exercises. The two groups (HIIT and MIT) had to complete the same physical exercise volume, 40 min per session (6 days per week) during the confinement period (6 weeks). Depression, anxiety, stress, and resilience were assessed before and after the intervention.

Results: Results showed that HIIT and MIT significantly reduced the stress, anxiety, and depression as well as increase the resilience (p < 0.05). Moreover, the improvements obtained in the HIIT group seem to be greater than those of the MIT group in depression (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: HIIT and MIT decreased anxiety, stress, and depression as well as increased resilience during the COVID-19 confinement. In addition, the HIIT intervention seemed to be more beneficial to reduce depression than the MIT intervention.
The Policy Framework of Natural Resource Management in Oil-Dependence Countries
Authors: Ertimi Basem , Sarmidi Tamat , Khalid Norlin , Helmi Ali Mohd
Published: February 2021

A variety of critical empirical studies are interested in and focused on complex issues related to natural resource management and resource curse, whilst less can be found combining diverse factors that affect the dynamics of this curse and mitigate it. The case study of Norway is used as the benchmark policy framework in oil-rich countries to invest oil revenues and set correct fiscal policies. In this study, an analytical framework was structured to evaluate the coherence of resource management with sustainability as a starting point, contributing to further assessments of how the adaptation of such policies is incorporated in resource management to mitigate the resource curse. The analysis also suggests that oil-rich countries can learn from Norway’s experience to mitigate this resource curse and utilize oil revenues in the interest of the country. In addition, the analysis helps in effective management and the protection of ecological resources as these are becoming an increasingly important strategic part of natural wealth. This study aimed to provide an overarching framework designed to help conceptualize key issues of natural resource management and the resource curse in oil-rich countries and understand the challenges facing those countries in managing the natural resources.
Deep Learning Techniques for Android Botnet Detection
Authors: Yerima Suleiman Y. , Alzaylaee Mohammed K. , Shajan Annette , P Vinod
Published: February 2021

Android is increasingly being targeted by malware since it has become the most popular mobile operating system worldwide. Evasive malware families, such as Chamois, designed to turn Android devices into bots that form part of a larger botnet are becoming prevalent. This calls for more effective methods for detection of Android botnets. Recently, deep learning has gained attention as a machine learning based approach to enhance Android botnet detection. However, studies that extensively investigate the efficacy of various deep learning models for Android botnet detection are currently lacking. Hence, in this paper we present a comparative study of deep learning techniques for Android botnet detection using 6802 Android applications consisting of 1929 botnet applications from the ISCX botnet dataset. We evaluate the performance of several deep learning techniques including: CNN, DNN, LSTM, GRU, CNN-LSTM, and CNN-GRU models using 342 static features derived from the applications. In our experiments, the deep learning models achieved state-of-the-art results based on the ISCX botnet dataset and also outperformed the classical machine learning classifiers.
Removal of Parasite Transmission Stages from Berries Using Washing Procedures Suitable for Consumers
Authors: Temesgen Tamirat T. , Robertson Lucy J. , Stigum Vetle M. , Tysnes Kristoffer R.
Published: February 2021

Due to the delicate nature of berries and the reduced shelf-life once washed, producers usually do not wash berries. Therefore, consumers are expected to wash the berries prior to consumption, and this might be a more effective way of infection prevention. However, the efficacy of consumer berry-washing procedures in removing the parasite contaminants from the berries surface has not been investigated. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to compare the efficacy of three different washing techniques in removing parasite contaminants. Three alternatives to washing berries before consumption were compared on berries artificially contaminated with oo/cysts of Cyclospora cayetanensis, Cryptosporidium parvum, and Giardia duodenalis. The results show that simple washing of berries under the cold tap for 1 min could remove on average at least 80% of the parasites, except for C. cayetanensis, which seems to be stickier than both G. duodenalis and C. parvum. The percent removal was slightly lower for raspberries as compared to blueberries. Although the differences are expected, a relevant result of the study is that washing contaminated berries prior to consumption by the consumer removes a considerable proportion of parasites and thereby lowers the risk of ingesting parasites’ transmission stages.
Visual Analytics for Electronic Health Records: A Review
Authors: Rostamzadeh Neda , Abdullah Sheikh S. , Sedig Kamran
Published: February 2021

The increasing use of electronic health record (EHR)-based systems has led to the generation of clinical data at an unprecedented rate, which produces an untapped resource for healthcare experts to improve the quality of care. Despite the growing demand for adopting EHRs, the large amount of clinical data has made some analytical and cognitive processes more challenging. The emergence of a type of computational system called visual analytics has the potential to handle information overload challenges in EHRs by integrating analytics techniques with interactive visualizations. In recent years, several EHR-based visual analytics systems have been developed to fulfill healthcare experts’ computational and cognitive demands. In this paper, we conduct a systematic literature review to present the research papers that describe the design of EHR-based visual analytics systems and provide a brief overview of 22 systems that met the selection criteria. We identify and explain the key dimensions of the EHR-based visual analytics design space, including visual analytics tasks, analytics, visualizations, and interactions. We evaluate the systems using the selected dimensions and identify the gaps and areas with little prior work.
HTS Accelerator Magnet and Conductor Development in Europe
Authors: Rossi Lucio , Senatore Carmine
Published: February 2021

In view of the preparation for a post-LHC collider, in 2010 the high-energy physics (HEP) community started to discuss various options, including the use of HTS for very high-field dipoles. Therefore, a small program was begun in Europe that aimed at exploring the possibility of using HTS for accelerator-quality magnets. Based on various EU-funded programs, though at modest levels, it has enabled the European community of accelerator magnet research to start getting experience in HTS and address a few issues. The program was based on the use of REBa2Cu3O7−x (REBCO) tapes to form 10 kA Roebel cables to wind small dipoles of 30–40 mm aperture in the 5 T range. The dipoles are designed to be later inserted in a background dipole field (in Nb3Sn), to reach eventually a field level in the 16–20 T range, beyond the reach of Low Temperature Superconductors (LTS). The program is currently underway: more than 1 km of high-performance tape (Je > 500 A/mm2 at 20 T, 4.2 K) has been manufactured and characterized, various 30 m long Roebel cables have been assembled and validated up to 13 kA, a few dipoles have been wound and tested, reaching 4.5 T in stand-alone (while a dipole made from flat race track coils exceeded 5 T using stacked tape cable), and tests in background field are being organized.
Agricultural Land Suitability Assessment Using Satellite Remote Sensing-Derived Soil-Vegetation Indices
Authors: Binte Mostafiz Rubaiya , Noguchi Ryozo , Ahamed Tofael
Published: February 2021

Satellite remote sensing technologies have a high potential in applications for evaluating land conditions and can facilitate optimized planning for agricultural sectors. However, misinformed land selection decisions limit crop yields and increase production-related costs to farmers. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to develop a land suitability assessment system using satellite remote sensing-derived soil-vegetation indicators. A multicriteria decision analysis was conducted by integrating weighted linear combinations and fuzzy multicriteria analyses in a GIS platform for suitability assessment using the following eight criteria: elevation, slope, and LST vegetation indices (SAVI, ARVI, SARVI, MSAVI, and OSAVI). The relative priorities of the indicators were identified using a fuzzy expert system. Furthermore, the results of the land suitability assessment were evaluated by ground truthed yield data. In addition, a yield estimation method was developed using indices representing influential factors. The analysis utilizing equal weights showed that 43% of the land (1832 km2) was highly suitable, 41% of the land (1747 km2) was moderately suitable, and 10% of the land (426 km2) was marginally suitable for improved yield productions. Alternatively, expert knowledge was also considered, along with references, when using the fuzzy membership function; as a result, 48% of the land (2045 km2) was identified as being highly suitable; 39% of the land (2045 km2) was identified as being moderately suitable, and 7% of the land (298 km2) was identified as being marginally suitable. Additionally, 6% (256 km2) of the land was described as not suitable by both methods. Moreover, the yield estimation using SAVI (R2 = 77.3%), ARVI (R2 = 68.9%), SARVI (R2 = 71.1%), MSAVI (R2 = 74.5%) and OSAVI (R2 = 81.2%) showed a good predictive ability. Furthermore, the combined model using these five indices reported the highest accuracy (R2 = 0.839); this model was then applied to develop yield prediction maps for the corresponding years (2017–2020). This research suggests that satellite remote sensing methods in GIS platforms are an effective and convenient way for agricultural land-use planners and land policy makers to select suitable cultivable land areas with potential for increased agricultural production.
Contributions of Reduced Susceptibility Alleles in Breeding Apple Cultivars with Durable Resistance to Fire Blight
Authors: Kostick Sarah A. , Teh Soon Li , Evans Kate M.
Published: February 2021

Breeding apple cultivars with durable genetic resistance is a potential long-term solution to fire blight, a devastating bacterial disease caused by Erwinia amylovora. However, phenotyping resistance/susceptibility to fire blight is challenging due to E. amylovora strain virulence, differential host × strain interactions, quantitative host resistance, environmental influences on disease, and impacts of tree vigor on susceptibility. Inheritance of resistance/susceptibility to fire blight is complex and phenotypic information alone is insufficient to guide breeding decisions targeting resistance. Several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with resistance/susceptibility to fire blight have been detected throughout the apple genome. Most resistance alleles at fire blight QTLs have been identified in wild Malus germplasm with poor fruit quality, which limits their breeding utility. Several QTLs have been identified in populations derived from cultivars and reduced-susceptibility alleles have been characterized in multiple important breeding parents. Although resistance to fire blight is an attractive target for DNA-informed breeding, relatively few trait-predictive DNA tests for breeding relevant fire blight QTLs are available. Here we discuss (1) considerations and challenges associated with phenotyping resistance/susceptibility to fire blight; (2) sources of resistance that have been identified for use as parents; and (3) our perspective on short and long-term strategies to breed apple cultivars with durable resistance to fire blight with emphasis on the potential contributions of reduced susceptibility alleles to achieve this goal.
Establishment of a Cell Suspension Culture of Eysenhardtia platycarpa: Phytochemical Screening of Extracts and Evaluation of Antifungal Activity
Authors: Bernabé-Antonio Antonio , Sánchez-Sánchez Alejandro , Romero-Estrada Antonio , Meza-Contreras Juan Carlos , Silva-Guzmán José Antonio , Fuentes-Talavera Francisco Javier , Hurtado-Díaz Israel , Alvarez Laura , Cruz-Sosa Francisco
Published: February 2021

Eysenhardtia platycarpa (Fabaceae) is a medicinal plant used in Mexico. Biotechnological studies of its use are lacking. The objective of this work was to establish a cell suspension culture (CSC) of E. platycarpa, determine the phytochemical constituents by spectrophotometric and gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry (GC‒MS) methods, evaluate its antifungal activity, and compare them with the intact plant. Friable callus and CSC were established with 2 mg/L 1-naphthaleneacetic acid plus 0.1 mg/L kinetin. The highest total phenolics of CSC was 15.6 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dry weight and the total flavonoids content ranged from 56.2 to 104.1 µg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g dry weight. The GC‒MS analysis showed that the dichloromethane extracts of CSC, sapwood, and heartwood have a high amount of hexadecanoic acid (22.3–35.3%) and steroids (13.5–14.7%). Heartwood and sapwood defatted hexane extracts have the highest amount of stigmasterol (~23.4%) and β-sitosterol (~43%), and leaf extracts presented β-amyrin (16.3%). Methanolic leaf extracts showed mostly sugars and some polyols, mainly D-pinitol (74.3%). Compared with the intact plant, dichloromethane and fatty hexane extracts of CSC exhibited percentages of inhibition higher for Sclerotium cepivorum: 71.5% and 62.0%, respectively. The maximum inhibition for Rhizoctonia solani was with fatty hexane extracts of the sapwood (51.4%). Our study suggests that CSC extracts could be used as a possible complementary alternative to synthetic fungicides.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Microstructure of Gravure Cell Based on Response Surface Method
Authors: Wu Shuang , Xing Jiefang , Dong Ling , Zhu Honjuan
Published: February 2021

In order to improve the structural stiffness of the gravure cell structure in the solid printing process and realize a lightweight design, a multi-objective optimization design method was proposed to optimize the parameters of the direct laser engraving of the cell structure. In this paper, based on the characteristics of the cell structure and the analysis of the contact force, the ANSYS parametric design language (APDL) was used to conduct a finite element analysis on the microstructure of the regular hexagonal cell. We found that there is a certain optimization space. Then, a response surface (RSM) method optimization model, using a central composite design (CCD), was established to obtain, and then analyze, the sensitivity of each design variable to the objective functions. Finally, a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) was used to solve the model. The optimization results show that the maximum deformation was reduced by 44.4%, and the total volume was reduced by 46.3%. By comparing with the model before optimization, the rationality and effectiveness of this method were verified. This shows that the method can be effectively applied to the design optimization of gravure cell microstructure, and it provides theoretical support for new cell design.
Mining and Europe’s World Heritage Cultural Landscapes
Authors: Tost Michael , Ammerer Gloria , Kot-Niewiadomska Alicja , Gugerell Katharina
Published: February 2021

This study examines the four cases of World Heritage protected cultural landscapes in Europe that are characterized by mining in order to identify the role mining plays today in such cultural landscapes, the legal requirements for their protection, and also the exploration and exploitation in these areas and the differences that exist between the five European countries concerned. Using a qualitative comparative case study approach, the authors find that active mining is taking place in the Austrian case, and exploration is happening adjacent to the German/Czech protected cultural landscape. The legal protection of the cases is mainly based on heritage and monument protection legislation as well as environment protection legislation including the Natura 2000 network. Differences exist, as other than in Germany, exploration and mining could be allowed in protected areas, which is also contrary to the position of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, and the International Council on Mining and Metals.
Atmospheric Pollution Impact Assessment of Brick and Tile Industry: A Case Study of Xinmi City in Zhengzhou, China
Authors: Xie Liuzhen , Xu Qixiang , He Ruidong
Published: February 2021

The brick and tile industry was selected to investigate the impact of pollutants emitted from such industry on air quality. Based on the 2018 Zhengzhou City Census data and combined with field sampling and research visits, an emission inventory of the brick and tile industry in Xinmi City was established using the emission factor method. Based on the established emission inventory, the concentrations of SO2, NOX, and PM2.5 emitted by 31 brick and tile enterprises were then predicted using the CALPUFF model (California puff model, USEPA), which had been evaluated for accuracy, and the simulation results were compared with the observed results to obtain the impact of pollutant emissions from the brick and tile industry on air pollution in the simulated region. Results show that SO2, NOX, and PM2.5 emissions from the brick and tile industry in the study area in 2018 were 564.86 tons, 513.16 tons, and 41.01 tons, respectively. The CALPUFF model can simulate the characteristics of meteorological changes and pollutant concentration trends, and the correlation coefficient of the fit curve between the pollutant observed data and the simulated data was higher than 0.8, which can reproduce the impact of key industrial point sources on air quality well. The simulated concentration values and spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of SO2, NOX, PM2.5 in spring, summer, autumn, and winter were obtained from the model simulations. The contribution of pollutant emissions from the brick and tile industry to the monthly average concentrations of SO2, NOX, and PM2.5 in the simulated region were 6.58%, 5.38%, and 1.42%, respectively, with the Housing Administration monitoring station as the receptor point. The brick and tile industry should increase the emission control measures of SO2 and NOX, and at the same time, the emission control of PM2.5 cannot be slackened.
Commercial PRRS Modified-Live Virus Vaccines
Authors: Chae Chanhee
Published: February 2021

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus (PRRSV) presents one of the challenging viral pathogens in the global pork industry. PRRS is characterized by two distinct clinical presentations; reproductive failure in breeding animals (gilts, sows, and boars), and respiratory disease in growing pigs. PRRSV is further divided into two species: PRRSV-1 (formerly known as the European genotype 1) and PRRSV-2 (formerly known as the North American genotype 2). A PRRSV-2 modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine was first introduced in North America in 1994, and, six years later, a PRRSV-1 MLV vaccine was also introduced in Europe. Since then, MLV vaccination is the principal strategy used to control PRRSV infection. Despite the fact that MLV vaccines have shown some efficacy, they were problematic as the efficacy of vaccine was often unpredictable and depended highly on the field virus. This paper focused on the efficacy of commercially available MLV vaccines at a global level based on respiratory disease in growing pigs, and maternal and paternal reproductive failure in breeding animals.
Influence of Supplementing Sesbania grandiflora Pod Meal at Two Dietary Crude Protein Levels on Feed Intake, Fermentation Characteristics, and Methane Mitigation in Thai Purebred Beef Cattle
Authors: Unnawong Narirat , Cherdthong Anusorn , So Sarong
Published: February 2021

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of crude protein (CP) levels in concentrate and Sesbania grandiflora pod meal (SG) supplementation on feed intake, rumen fermentation, and methane (CH4) mitigation in Thai purebred beef cattle. Four cattle with 100 ± 5.0 kg body weight were used in this study. A 2 × 2 factorial experiment in a 4 × 4 Latin square design was conducted, in which factor A was the CP levels in concentrate of 14% and 16% of dry matter (DM) and factor B was the supplement levels of SG at 0.4% and 0.6% DM intake, respectively. The results showed that the CP content in concentrate and SG supplementation had no interaction effect on intake, digestibility, ruminal ecologies, ruminal fermentation products, and nitrogen utilization. Increasing CP content to 16% significantly (p < 0.05) increased the ruminal ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), nitrogen (N) intake, N absorption, and N retention. SG supplementation significantly (p < 0.05) decreased CP digestibility, NH3-N, blood urea nitrogen, and protozoa. In addition, SG significantly decreased acetate (C2), acetate to propionate ratio, methane, and fecal N excretion, while it significantly increased total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and propionate (C3) concentration. In conclusion, SG could mitigate methane emission and enhance nitrogen utilization.
The phenomenon of news comics based on the case of the French magazine «La Revue Dessinée»
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Davidenko Yan Olegovich
Published: February 2021

News comics occupy a unique niche between news and copyright journalism in modern media space. In this article using the example of French periodical media «La Revue Dessinée», the conceptual features of the format of news comics in particular and comics journalism in general will be considered.
Caracterización del tratamiento de la toxoplasmosis gestacional
Authors: Guedez Rojas Iris Victoria , Barroso Oria Luís Alfonzo
Published: February 2021

En el presente trabajo, se delimitó como objetivo: Caracterizar el tratamiento de las pacientes con diagnóstico inicial de toxoplasmosis gestacional atendidas en el hospital “Dr. José Gregorio Hernández” en el periodo de enero 2018 hasta junio 2018. Materiales y Métodos: se diseñó una investigación de tipo descriptiva, observacional, y transversal. La muestra estuvo comprendida por 67 pacientes con serologías positivas de inmunoglobulina G o M a las que se les aplicó un instrumento de recolección de datos en el que se determinó la frecuencia de diagnósticos por seroconversión de IGG e IGM, los medicamentos más utilizados en los casos positivos, y se caracterizó el posterior seguimiento de la afección. Resultados: De 67 pacientes inicialmente diagnosticadas como Toxoplasmosis Gestacional, solo trece de ellas (19,4 %) tuvo seroconversión de anticuerpos durante el embarazo. A la totalidad de la población se le indico algún tipo de tratamiento, el más frecuente fue Azitromicina (58%), El 100 % de los casos fueron seguidos por ecografía, y el (95 %) de ellos valorado por algún especialista.
Detección de mutaciones del gen 23S de Helicobacter pylori implicadas en la resistencia a claritromicina
Authors: Campos Murillo Nathalie , Orellana Bravo Paola , Noguera Cárdenas Patricia , Andrade Tacuri Carlos
Published: February 2021

Introducción: Uno de los principales factores que influyen en el tratamiento para la erradicación de Helicobacter pylori es la resistencia a antibióticos, la cual difiere entre países e incluso regiones de un país. Entre los antibióticos más usados para el tratamiento de la infección se encuentra la claritromicina, se ha demostrado que el gen 23S ARNr está involucrado en la resistencia a este antibiótico, como resultado de mutaciones puntuales. Objetivo: Detectar las mutaciones presentes en el gen 23S ARNr que codifican la resistencia a la claritromicina en Helicobacter pylori a través de un método no invasivo y rápido. Materiales y métodos: A partir de muestras de heces de 76 pacientes con síntomas gastrointestinales asociados a la bacteria, se aisló y purificó el ADN bacteriano, se identificó el gen 23S ARNr mediante seminested PCR. Para la detección de mutaciones puntuales en el gen se realizó la RFLP, utilizando las enzimas HhaI que detecta la mutación T2717C y MboII que identifica la mutación A2142C/G. Resultados: Un total de 45 pacientes resultaron positivos a Helicobacter pylori lo cual corresponde al 59,2%. La mutación T2717C analizada con la enzima HhaI se presentó en el 2,2% de la muestra de estudio, no se obtuvo resultados positivos para la enzima MboII. Conclusiones: A través de la Seminested PCR se identificó al gen 23S ARNr de Helicobacter pylori, PCR-RFLP es un método fiable para detectar la presencia de mutaciones causantes de resistencias a antibióticos, útil antes de elegir el tratamiento erradicador contra las infecciones por Helicobacter pylori.
Cambios Refractivos y de Agudeza visual en pacientes pre y post quirúrgicos de Pterigión
Authors: Gallegos Murillo Mónica del Rocío
Published: February 2021

Introducción: El tratamiento quirúrgico del pterigión es uno de los procedimientos más realizados en la consulta oftalmológica, aunque con frecuencia conlleva molestias y cambios en la agudeza visual. Objetivo: evidenciar si existen cambios en cuanto a agudeza visual y su ametropía, en pacientes diagnosticados con pterigión intervenidos quirúrgicamente, en la ciudad de Quito. Método: se trata de un estudio observacional longitudinal que incluyó 161 pacientes. Se comparó agudeza visual y ametropía antes y 15 días después de la intervención quirúrgica. Resultados: la mayor parte de los pacientes fue de género femenino (n = 118, 73%) tuvo entre 30 y 59 años (n = 127, 79%), presentó pterigión grado III (n = 113, 70%) y fue intervenido del ojo derecho (n = 89, 55%). La agudeza visual de los pacientes mejoró ligeramente. El número de pacientes con agudeza visual 20/20 aumentó de 68 (42%) a 72 (45%). Se observó además una disminución en el número de pacientes con agudeza visual 20/350, 20/200, 20/100, 20/80, 20/60 y 20/50. No hubo cambios en el número de pacientes amétropes que se mantuvo en 69 (43%). Tanto el número de personas con astigmatismo miópico compuesto, como con astigmatismo mixto eje contra la regla disminuyeron de 11 (7%) a 8 (5%) y de 24 (15%) a 16 (10%), respectivamente. Conclusión: tanto la agudeza visual como la ametropía de pacientes con pterigión mejoran ligeramente después de recibir tratamiento quirúrgico.
Detección oportuna de cáncer cérvico-uterino
Authors: Herrera Conza Edison Mauricio , Salazar Torres Zoila Katherine , Espinosa Martín Lizette , Aspiazu Hinostroza Karla Alexandra
Published: February 2021

Introducción: en los países subdesarrollados, los programas de tamizaje apoyados en la “citología” como el de “Detección Oportuna del Cáncer Cérvicouterino”, no han tenido el éxito esperado, debido a que se solicitan múltiples recursos para ejecutar cada uno de los pasos del programa, y no siempre se cuenta con el personal y la infraestructura necesaria. Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia del cumplimiento del programa de Detección Oportuna del Cáncer cérvicouterino. Metodología: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica se incluyeron investigaciones que proporcionaron información cuantitativa sobre el Programa de Detección Oportuna del Cáncer Cérvicouterino de las unidades de salud del Ministerio Salud Pública. La información se recolectó de artículos originales de revistas indexadas, y que se encontraron en la base de datos científicas como Scopus, Scielo y Google académico. Se encontraron 116 artículos, pero solo 17 resultaron ser elegibles y válidos para el estudio. Resultados: el incumplimiento de la cobertura del programa DOCcu a nivel nacional fue del 41,5% para el test de Papanicolaou, y de inmunizaciones contra el VPH fue del 15,91% para las niñas de 9 años, y en mujeres de más edad fue del 60%, esto hasta el año 2018, a partir de esas fechas no hay registros, ni tampoco de las otras pruebas. El grupo de edad que más participó en DOCcu son las mujeres de 45 hasta los 49 años, con instrucción superior. Conclusiones: el “Programa de Detección Oportuna de cáncer”, en relación al Paptest y la vacunación del VPH en Ecuador aún es deficiente.
Impacto del grupo científico estudiantil de Gestión Ambiental de Ecosistemas Agrícolas en la formación del profesional y la educación ambiental
Authors: Vargas Batis Belyani , Garcés Castillo Wilder , Fuente Miranda Oniel , Rodríguez Fonseca Rubert , Rizo Mustelier Miriela , Parra de la Paz Angelina
Published: February 2021

La investigación científica estudiantil es uno de los procesos que se ha venido potenciando en los últimos años como parte de la formación del profesional en las universidades cubanas. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar el impacto del grupo científico estudiantil de Gestión Ambiental de Ecosistemas Agrícolas en la formación del profesional y en la educación ambiental, evidenciando los logros y resultados científicos alcanzados por este grupo. Se aplicó una entrevista a los estudiantes miembros de este grupo científico y la evidencia de los resultados alcanzados se obtuvo a partir de los documentos bases del grupo, así como, de las bases de datos a la cual están indizadas las revistas en la que publican y los documentos bases del plan de estudio. Las temáticas de investigación del grupo han sido perfeccionadas continuamente permitiendo una mejor adaptación al contexto actual, dotando a los egresados de herramientas para dar respuesta a problemas profesionales. El trabajo investigativo, enfocado al desarrollo de habilidades profesionales, se ha centrado en la producción de alimentos, agroecología y capacitación en fincas suburbanas, patios familiares y ecosistemas cafetaleros. Se han formado hasta el momento 14 Ingenieros Agrónomos y se evidencia una adecuada integración entre los procesos de investigación científica, formación del profesional y educación ambiental.
«ЯК КОЖЕН ФУТБОЛІСТ, МАВ СВОЄ ПРІЗВИСЬКО». НЕОФІЦІЙНІ НАЙМЕНУВАННЯ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ГРАВЦІВ, ЯКІ ВИСТУПАЛИ У ФУТБОЛЬНИХ ЧЕМПІОНАТАХ ПІСЛЯ ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ НЕЗАЛЕЖНОСТІ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Процик І. Р.
Published: February 2021

Статтю присвячено аналізові прізвиськ українських футболістів у період незалежності України. Неофіційні особові найменування гравців скласифіковано за критерієм мотивованості — виокремлено антропоніми, що походять від прізвищ футболістів, демінутивних форм імен, патронімів, а також мотивовані різними зовнішніми та внутрішніми рисами, притаманними гравцям, чи поєднанням цих ознак. Описано способи творення прізвиськ, серед яких домінують номінації, утворені шляхом різноманітних утинків прізвищевих назв і на основі метафори
АНГЛІЙСЬКІ НЕОЛОГІЗМИ КОРОНАВІРУСНОЇ КРИЗИ
Authors: Сандига Л. О. , Свиридюк Т. В. , Романчук С. В.
Published: February 2021

У статті досліджено англійські неологізми, що з’явилися на тлі пандемії коронавірусу. Увагу присвячено вивченню словотвірного потенціалу неологізмів коронавірусної термінології, зокрема проаналізовано такі словотвірні механізми як телескопія, словоскладання, афіксація, конверсія, абревіація, афереза. Дослідження показало, що продуктивними словотвірними механізмами для цього виду неологізмів є словоскладання (46% зафіксованих неологізмів), телескопія (33%) та афіксація (15%). Подальші наукові розвідки плануємо присвятити вивченню інших сфер, у яких формуються сучасні англійські неологізми (туризму, екології, харчуванню, родинним відносинам, моді тощо), зокрема детально проаналізувати такі способи формування неологізмів як усічення, конверсія та абревіація.