bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of 2,4-D Applied in Waxes on the Preservation of ‘Marsh Seedless’ Grapefruit and ‘Valencia’ Orange During Prolonged Storage1
Authors: Schiffmann-Nadel Mina , Lattar F. S. , Waks J.
Published: September 2022

Waxes containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), when applied to ‘Valencia Late’ orange and ‘Marsh Seedless’ grapefruit, were effective in preserving green buttons and in controlling stem end rot during prolonged storage. The effect of 2,4-D on grapefruit was evident in fruit stored at 10 and 12°C. In orange, the 2,4-D effect was especially evident in fruit stored at 17°C, a temp at which the incidence of rot is generally high.
Resistance of Rough Lemon and Trifoliate Orange Seedlings to High Levels of Iron Chelates1
Authors: Wallace A. , Mueller R. T.
Published: September 2022

One-year-old seedlings of rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush.) and trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) grown in potted soil showed little adverse effect from 16-consecutive-weekly applications of up to 300 ppm Fe as FeEDTA, FeDTPA, or FeEDDHA. The iron contents of leaves were increased consistently by the increasing Fe levels, but the increases were modest and generally were not a factor which influenced yields except in overcoming Fe deficiency in calcareous soil. The only major adverse effect of the high chelate levels was the tendency of FeEDDHA to induce Mn deficiency with limed soil.
Effect of Gamma Irradiation on ‘Fuerte’ Avocado Fruits1
Authors: Kamali A. R. , Maxie E. C. , Rae H. L.
Published: September 2022

Gamma irradiation up to 100 Kilorad (Krad) caused no immediate visual damage to fruits of avocado (Persea americana Mill.). Twenty Krad or more stimulated a climacteric-like rise in respiratory rate. Rates of ethylene (C2H4) production were related directly to dose up to 40 Krad. Ten and 40 Krad delayed the climacteric peak for 3 days. Softening was delayed by 10 Krad and hastened by 40 and 100 Krad. At 100 Krad, ripening was lacking and the fruit severely injured. No benefit remained from any dose after 3 weeks of storage. Storage reduced the time required for ripening by 2 days, and enhanced the development of injury symptoms and pigment degradation.
Influence of Timing of Hive Introduction on Production of Highbush Blueberries1
Authors: Howell G. S. , Kilby M. W. , Nelson J. W.
Published: September 2022

Early introduction of honey bees into caged ‘Jersey’ blueberries was associated with increased yields and fruit size and suggests that hives be introduced in plantations for pollination not later than 25% of full bloom.
A Portable Limb Enclosure for Temperature Modification of Tree Fruits1
Authors: Mellenthin W. M. , Bonney D.
Published: September 2022

Portable limb enclosures allowing continuous modification of prevailing temp for tree fruits are described. Experimental programs to match temp conditions prevailing during the growing season in the fruit regions of the Pacific Northwest are possible.
Growth Inhibitors and Rooting Cofactors in Relation to Rooting Response of Softwood Apple Cuttings1
Authors: Lipecki J. , Dennis F. G.
Published: September 2022

Rooting cofactors (mung bean assay) and growth inhibitors (wheat cole op tile assay) were examined following paper chromatography of methanol extracts of bases and apices of softwood cuttings of ‘MM 106’, ‘MM 109’ and ‘EM IX’ apple (Pyrus malus L.) rootstocks sampled in June, July, and August. No correlation could be established between rooting cofactors and rooting response. Good rooting response in June and July was associated with high levels of growth inhibitors in the bases of the cuttings. Evidence is presented for the role of phloridzin as one of the active compounds in both assays.
Horticultural Crops as Sources of Proteins and Amino Acids
Authors: Kelly J. F.
Published: September 2022

Horticultural crops play an important role in meeting the needs of man for vitamins and minerals. The serious problem of calorie-deficient diets can be relieved by many horticultural crops, although most of the world’s food energy is derived from grains. It is generally accepted that the most serious problem of underfed people in the less developed countries is one of protein-calorie malnutrition, particularly in infants, young children and pregnant and lactating women (1, 6). What part do horticultural crops play or what part might they play in closing the protein gap?
Breeding for Improved Nutritional Value
Authors: Tomes Mark L.
Published: September 2022

I consider myself to be a geneticist and plant breeder. Although not an expert in nutrition, I have long been interested in the improvement of nutritional value through plant breeding. This interest has led to a study of the genetic control of carotene synthesis. This knowledge has been used in our breeding program to derive tomatoes with a high content of provitamin A, and to the improvement of color.
Fortification and Formulation of New Diets
Authors: King Kendall W.
Published: September 2022

Throughout these sessions we have been looking for realistic approaches to the goal of achieving adequate nutrition for all the world’s people. The very complexity of the processes by which food moves from fields through commercial channels onto the world’s tables dictates that there are numerous approaches to a more adequate world food supply that are not necessarily mutually exclusive but rather complementary. Some are of short-range value; others of long-range utility. Some are very costly; others are not.
Restriction of 45Calcium Translocation into Apple Fruit by 2,3,5-Triiodobenzoic Acid1
Authors: Benson Nels R. , Stahly Edward A.
Published: September 2022

Calcium translocation into the fruit of the ‘Golden Delicious’ apple was restricted by applications of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) applied 2, 4, and 6 weeks after anthesis whereas Ca translocation into the leaves and into the shoots was virtually unaffected. Ca translocation was measured by introducing 0.01 m CaCl2 + 45Ca into the cut end of previously sprayed shoots and by measuring 45ca translocation into various parts. TIBA applied nearer to anthesis was more effective in decreasing Ca translocation.
Energy, Wind, and Air Temperature Relations of Screened Breeding Cages1
Authors: Goltz S. M. , Tanner C. B.
Published: September 2022

Manufacturer’s specifications of 43% and 20% “actual shade” were confirmed by transmittance measurements at high sun angles; however transmittance decreased (“shade” increased) with decreasing sun angles. Incident beam radiation and diffuse radiation were attenuated differently. Spectral energy distributions were unaffected by screens. Wind velocity decreased 30% across each screen wall and decreased linearly with distance inside cages. Under usual winds, air temp inside isolated cages can differ very little from outside temp. These temp may differ more within cages set in large arrays. Plant temp inside cages may differ substantially from those outside but differences would depend on solar radiation, transmission of the screen, transpiration rates, and windspeed in the cage.
A No-Cultivation Concept for Vegetable Gardening1
Authors: William R. D. , Kratky B. A.
Published: September 2022

A uniform and convenient herbicide application technique was developed for home vegetable gardens. 4-(Methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylanaline (nitralin) was either sprayed on the soil surface, or applied to 1 m wide sheets of water soluble plastic. A light sprinkling of water released the nitralin from the water soluble plastic and permitted soil adsorption. Weed control was excellent when 3.4 kg/ha nitralin was applied to the soil with water soluble plastic. Germinating vegetable seeds were protected from nitralin injury with a mixture of activated carbon and vermiculite. The “no-cultivation concept” may have broad horticultural application, especially in home gardens where herbicides are difficult to use.
The Merbein Bunch Count, A Method to Analyze the Performance of Grape Vines1
Authors: Antcliff A. J. , May P. , Webster W. J. , Hawkes J.
Published: September 2022

A method of obtaining systematic records of the growth arising at each node on grape vines (Vitis vinifera L. or interspecific hybrids including this species and various American species of Vitis) is described and illustrated. Derived variables which can be calculated from these records are listed and a code is given which enables construction of tables of the derived variables by computer.
A Tetraploid Gerbera1
Authors: Pryor R. L.
Published: September 2022

A tetraploid of Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hook, obtained from colchicine treatment of seed is characterized by increased vegetative and flower size. The tetraploid plant is fertile and produces tetraploid seedlings following self-pollination.
Available Nitrogen in Rural Ecosystems: Sources and Fate1
Authors: Keeney D. R. , Walsh L. M.
Published: September 2022

The agri-business industry is faced with an unprecedented demand for its product – food. It has been estimated that the world food supply must be doubled just to feed the present population. There is little doubt that the technology exists to do this, given the inputs of water (if available), fertilizer, pesticides and increasing the area under cultivation. Many are seriously questioning whether our ecosystem can continue to tolerate the effects of intensive agriculture. These effects can include erosion, contamination of water supplies by sediment, fertilizer nutrients, pesticides and animal waste, and food processing wastes. Of course, other sectors of the economy also are over-stressing the environment, as witness the problems in the transportation, oil and electrical power industries.
Reduction of Pesticides From Horticultural Food Crops by Processing1
Authors: Geisman J. R.
Published: September 2022

Agricultural productivity has markedly increased within the past two decades and is expected to continue increasing. Correlated with this has been improvement of crop quality. Both have improved the health and well-being of today’s population and may be directly associated with better control of plant pests. Control of plant pests has become both plausible and possible through the proper use of pesticides. It seems likely that control measures will continue to be improved.
Peach Seedling Responses to Dichlobenil1
Authors: Marriage P. B. , Saidak W. J.
Published: September 2022

Growth of greenhouse-grown seedlings of 8 peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.) cultivars was inhibited when the herbicide 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil) was soil-incorporated at 9 kg/ha but certain cultivars recovered. ‘Kalamazoo’ peach seedlings grew faster than the control either 5 to 11 weeks or 8 to 15 weeks after treatment when dichlobenil was placed below the soil surface in coned spot applications. Treated plants had lower impedance after cold-treatment and greater apical stem injury after freezing. ‘Rutgers’ peach seedlings had decreased stem diam and a distinct bending of the stem in response to dichlobenil.
Effect of Exogenously Supplied Abscisic Acid on a Vigorous Clonal Apple Rootstock1
Authors: Yadava U. L. , Dayton D. F.
Published: September 2022

Abscisic acid (ABA) at 1 and 10 μg/ml concn supplied to growing plants of ‘EM XVIa’ (very vigorous) through grafted living conduits of the same tissue and of ‘EM IX’ (very dwarfing) was inhibitory to growth during the first 10-14 days of treatment. The ‘EM IX’ tissues also had an inhibitory effect of their own, which ABA enhanced. The higher concn was more inhibitory but not proportionately so. During the first 10 days, 1 μg/ml ABA markedly reduced solution absorption below that of water. Absorption of all solutions by ‘EM IX’ tissues was in all cases less than by those of ‘EM XVIa’. A drastic decrease in absorption was evident after 10 days.
Meiotic Irregularities Associated with a Partially Male-Sterile Red Raspberry Selection1
Authors: Virdi Bessie V. , Daubeny Hugh A. , Eaton G. W.
Published: September 2022

Meiotic asynchrony, lagging chromosomes, chromosome bridges, and variable chromosome numbers were associated with reduced pollen fertility in a red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) selection ‘Ore-US 1314’.
Parthenocarpy of Cucumber Induced by Triiodobenzoic Acid1
Authors: Cantliffe D. J. , Robinson R. W. , Bastdorff R. S.
Published: September 2022

Yield of cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.), grown in an isolated field where pollination was reduced by rogueing plants with staminate flowers, was increased by treatment with 50 or 100 ppm triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA). Parthenocarpic fruit development was induced in the greenhouse by treating plants with 0.1 - 100 ppm TIBA. The no. of fruit per plant and the site of parthenocarpic fruit development were dependent on growth regulator concn.
Measuring Uniformity of Peach Maturity1
Authors: Stembridge G. E. , Baumgardner R. A. , Johnston W. E. , Van Blaricom L. O.
Published: September 2022

‘Elberta’ peach trees were given a once-over harvest to determine uniformity of fruit maturity within trees. Harvests were made at each of 3 dates to detect changes in uniformity as the crop matured. Flesh color (Hunter “a” value) and Magness-Taylor firmness were used as maturity indices for each individual fruit. Standard deviations reflecting flesh color and firmness variances among fruit on the same tree were good objective measures of uniformity of maturity. Fruit firmness and flesh color both became less uniform as the fruit matured to a certain stage, beyond which uniformity increased.
Further Evaluation of the Reaction of “Resistant” Pear Cultivars to Fire Blight1
Authors: van der Zwet T. , Oitto W. A.
Published: September 2022

Pear cultivars, previously rated as moderately to highly resistant to fire blight, were subjected to further natural infection, supplemented by artificial inoculation with Erwinia amylovora (Burr.) Winsl. et al. in various tissues. Of 49 cultivars evaluated, 69% remained in the same class or one class below their previous rating. There appeared to be very little correlation between the amount of blossom blight and overall degree of blight resistance in cultivars. Pear cultivars were shown to exhibit varying degrees of blight resistance in succulent shoots and woody trunk tissue.
Effects of Growth Regulators on Root and Shoot Development on Sedum Leaf Cuttings1
Authors: Boe A. A. , Stewart R. B. , Banko T. J.
Published: September 2022

Leaf cuttings of sedum (Sedum rubrotinctum, Clausen) treated with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at 25, 50 and 250 ppm formed the most roots whereas cuttings treated with (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) at 500 and 1000 ppm produced the most shoots. Chemicals which induced root formation were chlorophenoxyacetic acid (CPA), ethyl hydrogen propyl phosphate (EHPP), and ethylene gas. Shoot production was enhanced by 6-benzlamino purine (BA), ethephon, and EHPP.
Growth Regulator Induced Branching of Poinsettia Stock Plants1
Authors: Carpenter W. J. , Beck G. R.
Published: September 2022

6-(Benzylamino)-9-(2-tetrahydrophyranyl)-9H-purine (PBA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) sprays effectively induced increased branching and thus the no. of terminal stem cuttings from stock plants of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.) cvs. Eckespoint C-1 Red and Paul Mikkelsen. Terminal stem cuttings taken 30 days after BA treatment were delayed in root formation and development. (2-Chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (ethephon) and 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) sprays were ineffective in increasing stock plant branching or cutting yield compared to untreated plants.
Fruit Set of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Under Plastic Covers1
Authors: Rylski Irena , Kempler H.
Published: September 2022

The effects of polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic film tunnels (perforated, whole and double layer) on fruit set and yield of winter peppers were tested alone and in combination with soil mulches of black bitumen and black PE film. Whereas double4ayer cover induced more vigorous plant development, good fruit set on lower nodes, resulting in higher early yields of large fruit, was obtained only from plants covered throughout flowering by perforated plastic film. The addition of bitumen mulch resulted in higher total and early yield, while black PE mulch reduced the early yield, Factors inducing flower abscission when double-layer plastic is in use during flowering, as well as the differences between black bitumen and black PE mulch, are discussed.
Chemical Inhibition of Plant Height1
Authors: Sachs Roy M. , Hackett Wesley P.
Published: September 2022

Chemical control of plant height has been achieved for many herbaceous and woody species. Horticultural practices in the greenhouse, orchard, and landscape have been altered to include the use of numerous compounds, the main function of which is to eliminate overgrowth. The problems encountered in selecting and using even the registered materials cannot be readily generalized since each compound presents special difficulties. Nevertheless, for the purpose of this review, 7 challenges to effective use usually presented by all compounds will be discussed, namely: 1) identifying the primary cause of inhibition of stem elongation; 2) timing the application of compounds to the appropriate stage of plant development; 3) determining the best method of application; 4) determining the optimum dosage, formulation, and frequency of application; 5) testing for cumulative phytotoxicity; 6) noting species specificity; and 7) taking note of potential environmental effects. Many chemicals have been made available for testing, but relatively few of them are registered expressly for control of overgrowth (Fig. 1).
Experimental Design Considerations for Growth Chamber Studies1
Authors: Allen Hammer P. , Langhans Robert W.
Published: September 2022

Environmental variation within a growth chamber was measured both physically and biologically. Experimental designs are suggested to increase precision in research studies.
Growth and Flowering Response of Deciduous Azaleas to Growth Retardants1
Authors: Ryan G. F.
Published: September 2022

The no. of flower buds on ‘Gibraltar’ Exbury azaleas (Rhododendron spp.) was increased by single sprays of succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) at 7,500 to 20,000 ppm, 1-propyl phosphonic acid (PPA) at 1000 ppm, 5-chloro, 2-thenyl, tri-n-butyl-phosphoniumchloride (CTBP) at 1000 and 3000 ppm, and α-cyclopropyl -α-(methoxy-phenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol (ancymidol) at 250 and 500 ppm. Applications in July reduced plant ht. Early August applications of SADH had less effect on no. of flower buds than early July applications and did not reduce plant ht. Double sprays of (2-chloroethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride (chlormequat) at 2000 and 4000 ppm did not affect ht or no. of flower buds. A soil drench of 2,4-dichlorobenzyl-tributylphosphonium chloride (CBBP) at 0.5 or 1.0 g per plant increased the no. of flower buds on ‘Cecile’ and ‘Renne’ Exbury azaleas.
Propagation of Elms by Twig Grafting
Authors: Schreiber L. R. , Main H. V.
Published: September 2022

Several desirable Ulmus species cannot be propagated by budding because their fine branching habit precludes obtaining buds with large enough bark shields. A twig grafting technique was used substituting 1-year-old dormant twigs 5-13 cm long, as scions in place of buds. In a greenhouse test in March-May, twig grafting was usually more successful than bud grafting. The success with twig grafts made in liner beds in June varied between 0-82.6% depending on the species and clone.
A Nutrient Solution-Sand Culture System for Studying the Influence of N Form on Highbush Blueberries1
Authors: Hammett Larry K. , Ballinger Walter E.
Published: September 2022

Blueberry plants (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv. Wolcott) under a constant-flow gravity system in the greenhouse were able to utilize either NO3-N or NH4-N and maintained a healthy growth status for 2 growing seasons.
Antitranspirant Film: Curtailing Intake of External Water by Cherry Fruit to Reduce Cracking1
Authors: Davenport D. C. , Uriu K. , Hagan R. M.
Published: September 2022

An antitranspirant film was used as a research tool to determine which part of the sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruit is the principal path for absorption of external water (rain). Antitranspirant applied to the entire fruit surface reduced water intake to half that of control fruit or fruit treated only on the top and/or bottom. A preliminary field trial investigated the film’s “rain-coating” effect as a possible means for reducing cherry cracking.
Social Responsibility in Horticultural Research and Teaching1
Authors: Wittwer S. H.
Published: September 2022

Dramatic increases have recently occurred in the productivity of the major food crops (rice, wheat, corn, grain sorghum, potatoes). These advancements have characterized a worldwide “green revolution” and received much publicity (2). An equally remarkable and parallel record of production efficiency, accompanied by an enhancement of quality, has also occurred with most fruits and vegetables (7). Many of these remarkable changes have transpired where as an increasingly greater percentage of the commodity is being utilized in the processed form.
Horticultural Encyclopedias and Dictionaries
Authors: Link Conrad B.
Published: September 2022

Encyclopedias and dictionaries of Horticulture are important sources of information for the amateur and the professional. For the non-professional it is one of the first places to seek horticultural information in a condensed form. Several encyclopedias and dictionaries have been published specifically for the non-technical reader while others with more technical information are intended for both the professional and amateur horticulturist. However, one of the problems is that of being current and up to date. In horticulture we recognize that there are some things that are basic, not changing or only slowly but in others there is rapid change.
Promotion of Flowering in Cytoplasmic Male-sterile Petunia by Gibberellin1
Authors: Izhar Shamay
Published: September 2022

A form of flower dormancy in petunia (Petunia hybrida Vilm.) is associated with certain male-sterile plasmatypes. injection of gibberellic acid (GA3) into the lower part of the stalk promotes nearly normal flowering rate without any effect on male sterility.
Enhancement of In Vitro Pollen Germination of Lily with Increased Pre-inoculation Humidity1
Authors: Simons D. H. , Sfakiotakis E. , Dilley D. R.
Published: September 2022

Germination of freshly dehisced or partially dried 1-day-old pollen of lily (Lilium longifolium Thumb cv. Ace) was greatly enhanced by exposure to high humidity prior to inoculation in germination medium. Half the maximum response was obtained with 40% humidity or with 5 min humidifying time at saturation.
Gibberellin-induced Parthenocarpy in ‘Winter Nelis’ Pear1
Authors: Gil Gonzalo F. , Griggs William H. , Martin George C.
Published: September 2022

The gibberellins GA3 (200 ppm) and GA4+7 mixture (50 and 200 ppm) applied to blossoms of Pyrus communis L. cv. Winter Nelis previously bagged to prevent cross-pollination stimulated fruit set and growth for about a month, after which most of the fruits abscissed. Additional GA3 sprays were effective in retaining normal fruits until maturity. The addition of 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) propionic acid (fenoprop) further reduced “June drop,” and also advanced maturity and caused breakdown and early preharvest drop of fruits.
Fine Structure of the Apple Cuticle and Storage Scald1
Authors: Gough Robert E. , Shutak V. G.
Published: September 2022

Examination of the cuticle of ‘Cortland’, ‘Mcintosh’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apple under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed differences between cultivars in structure of the wax coating. A possible relationship was observed between wax structure and the occurrence and nature of surface breaks to scald susceptibility. Cuticle thickness had no apparent bearing on susceptibility to scald.
Boron Deficiency and Petal Necrosis of ‘Indianapolis White’ Chrysanthemum1
Authors: Boodley James W. , Sheldrake Raymond
Published: September 2022

Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. cv. Indianapolis White No. 4 plants grown in Hoagland's solution from which B was deleted and withheld for various periods prior to flowering developed a necrotic halo in the floral parts. The B concentration of leaves of plants showing B deficiency symptoms in flowers at harvest, was well within the range considered adequate for chrysanthemums.
Diffusion of C02, O2, and Ethylene in Cranberry Fruit1
Authors: Forsyth F. R. , Hall I. V. , Lightfoot H. J.
Published: September 2022

Outward diffusion of CO2 from ‘Stevens’ and from native seedling cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) collected in 1971 and held 6 months at 3°C proceeded at the rate of 4.55 and 2.56 μl/cm2-hr, respectively. The rate of movement of O2 into ‘Stevens’ was 2.64 and for a native seedling was 3.28 μl/cm2-hr. For cranberries collected in 1972 and held 1 month at 3°C the respective values for CO2 were 1.48 and 1.53 and for O2 they were 3.09 and 3.65 μl/cm2-hr.
Bloom Delay and Frost Survival in Ethephon-treated Sweet Cherry1
Authors: Proebsting E. L. , Mills H. H.
Published: September 2022

(2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) applied Sept. 8, 1971 at 250 and 500 ppm delayed sweet cherry (Primus avium L.) bloom 3 to 5 days, thereby reducing spring freeze injury and increasing yield. Preliminary data from a nonfrost year indicate no deleterious effect of treatment on maturity or quality.
Mycorrhizal Deficiency of Apple Trees in High Arsenic Soils1
Authors: Trappe James M. , Stahly Edward A. , Stahly Edward A. , Duff Darr M.
Published: September 2022

Rootlets of apple trees in low As soil and trees in arsenic-toxic soil in northcentral Washington were compared for mycorrhizal development. Healthy trees had abundant, vigorous rootlets that were mostly intensely mycorrhizal. Stunted trees, in contrast, had moderately abundant and badly stunted rootlets that were sparsely mycorrhizal. The symptoms expressed by apple trees in high As soils thus appear to prominently include a mycorrhizal deficiency.
Preharvest Application of Ethephon on Scald and Quality of Stored ‘Delicious’ Apples1
Authors: Couey H. Melvin , Williams Max W.
Published: September 2022

(2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) applied 3 weeks before normal harvest hastened most of the changes commonly associated with maturation and ripening of ‘Delicious’ apples. Red color development, increase in soluble solids, water core development and decreased susceptibility to storage scald were all hastened by the ethephon treatment.
Identifying Cucurbitacin in Cotyledons of Cucurbita pepo L. cv. Black Zucchini1
Authors: Sharma Govind C. , Hall Charles V.
Published: September 2022

Florisil column chromatography and silica-gel thin-layer chromatography were excellent preparatory steps for separation of cucurbitacins in cotyledons. It was difficult to identify closely related cucurbitacins by thin layer chromatography. Unstable cucurbitacin derivatives limited the use of gas-liquid chromatography for cucurbitacin identification; however, mass spectrometry was an effective method for cucurbitacin B.
Interactions in Source of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Liming Procedure in the Control of Fusarium Wilt of Tomato1
Authors: Woltz S. S , Jones John Paul
Published: September 2022

Symptoms of fusarium wilt of tomato were less severe in plants supplied with nitrate-N and greater in those supplied with ammonium-N. Liming with calcium hydroxide decreased disease severity but this effect was negated by high ammonium-low nitrate fertilization. The combination of high nitrate, low ammonium, and lime reduced disease development additively. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 2 was more virulent when grown in liquid culture with ammonium than with nitrate as the sole N source.
Rapid Vegetative Propagation of Asparagus through Lateral Bud Culture1
Authors: Yang Hsu-Jen , Clore W. J.
Published: September 2022

A modified procedure was developed for vegetatively increasing normal diploid Asparagus officinalis L. This is accomplished by culturing stock plants from unrooted lateral buds from spears, and by rooting buds from basal portions of shoots of stock plants. Murashige and Skoog's inorganic medium with added growth substances was used.
‘Brighton’ Peach1
Authors: Lamb Robert C.
Published: September 2022

‘Brighton’, a yellow-fleshed, semi-clingstone peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] was released in Sept. 1972 as an early-ripening, fresh market cultivar. It has been tested and received favorable reports not only from New York State growers, but also from such widely separated areas as the State of Georgia and France. It was named for a town in Monroe Countv, N. Y.
Cold and Daylength Requirements for Flowering in a Lilium speciosum Thunb. Cultivar1
Authors: Weiler T. C.
Published: September 2022

‘Superstar’ bulbs grown at 21°C required cold for inflorescence evocation. The cold requirement was reduced under 18 hour day lengths.
An Historical and Critical Review of Postharvest Physiology Research on Cut Flowers1
Authors: Rogers Marlin N.
Published: September 2022

Since postharvest physiology of cut flowers was reviewed in some detail 10 years ago (109, 110), this review will concentrate primarily on more recent research, but will include such references to earlier work as are needed for clarification.
Internal Metabolic Changes in Cut Flowers1
Authors: Coorts Gerald D.
Published: September 2022

The study of the postharvest physiology of cut flowers is still in its infancy, but showing growth. In 1936, Laurie (20) made the following statement in his presidential address to the members of the American Society for Horticultural Science: “Although many attempts have been made to study the keeping quality of cut flowers, little definite and specific information is yet available. The workers at Illinois, Iowa, Cornell, Boyce-Thompson and Ohio are largely responsible for these studies. The use of various chemicals as well as carbon dioxide has been tried with some degree of success in specific cases … At present, studies in Ohio are being made with the correlations between refrigeration and humidity as well as the factors which reduce respiration rate and rapid maturity” Some 36 years later, we find an increasing interest in the postharvest physiology and biochemistry of cut flower senescence. However, much basic information and applied work is needed to aid the expanding flower industry of this country. This paper will attempt to review in detail the research literature to date on the internal metabolic changes in cut flowers.
Control of Fairy Ring of Lawns in Light Soils1
Authors: Raabe Robert D.
Published: September 2022

The injection of chloropicrin at the rate of 3 ml/929 cm2 controlled the fairy ring fungus (Marasmius sp.) in a sandy loam soil. Attempts to control the fungus on clay and clay loam soils were not successful.
Chemical Reversion of Sex Expression on Dioecious Cucumber with Ethephon and a Benzothiadiazole1
Authors: Augustine J. J. , Baker L. R. , Sell H. M.
Published: September 2022

The effects of 5-methyl-7-chloro-4-ethoxycarbonylmethoxy-2, 1, 3-benzothiadiazole (MCEB), a proposed inhibitor of ethylene action, and (2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (ethephon) on sex expression were observed in androecious and gynoecious phenotypes of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under greenhouse conditions. MCEB had no effect on the androecious phenotype while ethephon (50 ppm) induced pistillate flowers. The effect of MCEB and ethephon treatment was a marked reduction in the number of ethylene-induced pistillate flowers except when there was a 48-hour period between applications of ethephon and MCEB. In the gynoecious phenotype, MCEB (75 ppm) induced staminate flowers, ethephon had no effect, and the effect of MCEB and ethephon treatment was to induce staminate flowers at relatively high concentrations of MCEB (150 ppm).
Costs and Returns from Alternate Harvesting Methods for Processing Tomatoes1
Authors: Wilcox G. E. , Sullivan G. H.
Published: September 2022

Cost budgeting methods were used to determine harvesting costs and net returns under hand, combination, and mechanized harvest operations. Mechanized harvest methods generated the highest net return potentials for growers. Gross receipts per unit area, required to break even, were significantly lower under mechanized harvest operations. Net returns per unit of area for hand harvest and combination harvest were similar.
The Effect of Pronamide on Lettuce Growth and Weeds as Affected by Soil Type1
Authors: Mitidieri Agustin , Crabtree Garvin
Published: September 2022

In a greenhouse experiment, lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) showed considerable tolerance to N-(l,l-dimethylpropynyl)-3,5-dichlorobenzamide (pronamide) with a safety factor greater than 2 × compared to susceptible weeds. The crop and weed tolerance was greater in a silty clay loam and a muck soil than in a sandy soil. Barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beau v.] was more susceptible to pronamide than redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and wild turnip (Brassica campestris L.).
Sweetpotato Periderm Failure in Response to Soil Moisture and Temperature1
Authors: Webster E. G. , Wright M. E. , Austin M. E.
Published: September 2022

Results of tests to evaluate periderm peeling and failure forces of container-grown roots of sweetpotato (Ipomea batatas, Lam. cv. Nemagold), conditioned to various environments, were erratic. With field-grown roots, peeling and failure forces varied with soil temperature and soil moisture and were generally highest for warm dry conditions. Temperature and moisture had approximately equal effects on periderm peeling resistance within the ranges tested. Periderm thickness decreased and peeling resistance increased as soil temperature increased, but the number of cell layers remained fairly constant.
Proteas: Developmental Research for a New Cut Flower Crop1
Authors: Parvin Philip E. , Criley Richard A. , Bullock Richard M
Published: September 2022

In South Africa, proteas are a popular cut flower featured in garden shows and available at most flower shops. They are exported to Europe and the British Isles where their popularity is increasing. The National Botanic Gardens of South Africa at Kirstenbosch, and the King's Park and Botanic Garden in Western Australia, have been instrumental in bringing into cultivation the ornamental species of Proteaceae native to their regions of the world.
The Relationship of Detachment Characteristics of Highbush Blueberry Fruit to Mechanical Vibration Harvesting1
Authors: Mainland Charles M. , Galletta Gene J.
Published: September 2022

Fourteen highbush blueberry cultivars and selections differed greatly in percentage blue and green fruit removed during a 3 second vibration of individual fruiting shoots with a hand-held vibrator. With cultivars ‘Croatan’, ‘Wolcott’, ‘Morrow’, ‘Murphy’, and ‘Collins’ more than 90% of the blue fruit and less than 15% green fruit were removed. These cultivars have desirable detachment characteristics and required a force of less than 85 g to remove individual blue fruit.
Location of Ethylene Synthesis in Dehiscing Pecan Fruits1
Authors: Lipe John A. , Morgan Page W.
Published: September 2022

Almost 100% of the large volume of ethylene produced by dehiscing pecan fruits comes from the seed (kernel) suggesting that the responding tissue (the shuck) receives its message to dehisce directly as ethylene made in the kernel.
Temperature, Photoperiod and Light Intensity Effects on Growth of Pisum sativum L.1
Authors: Dolan Desmond D.
Published: September 2022

In controlled environment chambers with 3 temperatures (12.8, 17.5 and 22.2°C), 2 photoperiods (16 hours and continuous light) and 2 light intensities (21,500 and 43,000 lux) the greatest growth in peas was obtained with the combination of high temperature, continuous light and high intensity. Of 12 cultivars tested, the dry weight of the lowest yielding, ‘Lincoln’, was less than half that of the highest yielding, ‘Laxton's Progress’.
Three Mutants Appearing in ‘Manapal’ Tomato1
Authors: Konsler T. R.
Published: September 2022

Three mutants that have appeared in trellised plantings of ‘Manapal’ tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in western North Carolina are described. Waxy fruit produced fruit that had a waxy or sticky epidermis, corresponding to the description of the sticky peel (pe), gene. Light green foliage was completely associated with the waxy character. Red vascular had dark red vascular tissue in stems, roots, and petioles. This character was monogenic recessive, and may be the same as red vascular tissue (rvt). Dark green had darker green immature fruit and foliage and deeper red mature fruit than normal ‘Manapal’. It was phenotypically similar to other high pigment (hp) stocks observed, but had darker green fruit and increased beta-carotene content.
Chemical Weed Control in Container-grown Nursery Stock1
Authors: Carpenter Philip L.
Published: September 2022

Broad-spectrum herbicides severly injured container-grown (Cotoneaster divaricata, Rehd. & Wils. and Euonymus fortunei, (Turcz.) Hand-Mazz. cv. Coloratus, because of rapid leaching into the root zone as a result of the porous peat-perlite medium. Injury was eliminated when activated carbon at 0.75 kg/m3 was mixed into the medium. Weed control was achieved by applying a 2.5 cm layer of the medium containing herbicide (but not activated carbon). The most effective herbicides were dichlobenil (0.44 g/m2), dichlobenil (0.44 g/m2) plus trifluralin (0.22 g/m2), or simazine (0.44 g/m2).
Harvesting Mushrooms by Cutting1
Authors: Persson Sverker P. E.
Published: September 2022

No significant yield reduction or cultural problems were caused by cutting mushrooms [Agaricus besporus (Lange) Sing.] from the casing and leaving the stumps in the bed. The height at which the cut is made on the stipe is important.
Evaluation of Snap Bean Cultivars for Pod Detachment Force1
Authors: Bassett Mark J.
Published: September 2022

In strain gauge tests of sieve size 4 pods of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), ‘Idelight’ and ‘Green Isle’ required the lowest pod detachment force (PDF) of 13 genotypes tested.
Resistance of Cucurbita Plant Introductions to Powdery Mildew1
Authors: Sowell Grover , Corley W. L.
Published: September 2022

Resistance to Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht) Poll, was not found in 292 plant introductions of Cucurbita pepo L. Cucurbita moschata Duch. ex Poir, PI 179925 and PI 201254, were resistant Most plant introductions of Cucurbita maxima were resistant
Cytokinin-like Activity of Benomyl as a Senescence Inhibitor of Broccoli Heads1
Authors: Pressman E. , Palevitch D.
Published: September 2022

Postharvest dip of methyl 1 -(bu tyl carbamoyl)2-benzimidazolecarbamate (benomyl) prolonged the storage life of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Italica group), similar to the effect of 6-benzylamino purine (BA). Both compounds were effective in maintaining the green color of broccoli heads stored under high temperature conditions.
Decay and Dark Reversion of Phy tochrom in Lilium longiflorum Thunb. cv. Nellie White1
Authors: Roh Seung Moon , Wilkins Harold F.
Published: September 2022

Phytochrome decay and reversion were measured in excised inner scales of Lilium longiflorum. Total phytochrome decreased by 25% in 4 hours after the initial 10 minute red light treatment. There was dark reversion of the phytochrome pigment from the far-red absorbing form to the red absorbing form.
Red and Far-red Treatments Accelerate Shoot Emergence from Bulbs of Lilium longiflorum Thunb. cv. Nellie White1
Authors: Roh Seung Moon , Wilkins Harold F.
Published: September 2022

Treatment of inner daughter scales of lily bulbs with red or far-red light significantly accelerated shoot emergence. A red or far-red treatment from 2200-0200 accelerated emergence after a red or dark treatment from 0800-1600. A red or far-red treatment from 2200-0200 after a far-red treatment from 0800-1600 delayed emergence when compared to a far-red, dark treatment sequence.
A Producer’s View of Horticultural Research Funding
Authors: Heringer Lester
Published: September 2022

Heringer Farms produces 6,500 acres of row, field and deciduous tree crops. Because of our proximity to University of California, Davis, and the diversity of our crops, we have been associated with much of the research conducted by the University as well as that carried on under the marketing order System that covers many of our California crops. Although marketing orders are not my subject today, I would like to make the comment that research funding under market orders forces each grower to contribute his fair share to the research being conducted on specific problems in a specific crop. Last year, market order assessments in the amount of $30,000 were paid by Heringer Farms.
Administration of Industry Funds
Authors: Brooks Howard J.
Published: September 2022

Administrators of State and Federal horticultural research programs have a legal responsibility to serve both taxpayers and horticultural industries. Our horticultural industries have a moral responsibility to help provide for their own research needs. I think these responsibilities are well understood. But what are the responsibilities, implied or otherwise, in the administration of funds provided by industry to support public research programs? These responsibilities are not clearly defined and the administration of industry funds may be a source of misunderstanding between research institutions and horticultural industries they serve. I will discuss this subject, delicate as it is, with the hope that opportunities for better understanding and better administration of industry funds can be identified.
Support of Research By California Marketing Programs
Authors: Day Boysie E.
Published: September 2022

All of us who have tried to run a reseach project or a research facility have had to face the problem of the shrinking budget, or the shrinking dollar, or both. For lack of money we lay off personnel, curtail important work, and perhaps finally abandon our fields and close our laboratories. The outlook for a change in this trend is not good.
A New Inbred with High Sugar Content in Sweet Corn1
Authors: Gonzales J. W. , Rhodes A. M. , Dickinson D. B.
Published: September 2022

A new inbred, Illinois 677a, was found to have as high a sugar content as the sh2 genotype, and both had twice as much sugar as 3 commercial su1 cultivars when compared at the eating stage.
Anthocyanin Development in Mango Fruit in Response to a Preharvest Antitranspirant Spray1
Authors: Barmore Charles R. , Spalding Donald H. , McMillan Robert T.
Published: September 2022

Preharvest development of external red color of ‘Irwin’ and ‘Keitt’ mango (Mangifera indica L.) was enhanced with an application of the antitranspirant poly-l-p-menthen-8-9 diyl (Vapor Gard) prior to commercial fruit maturity. Both the percentage of fruit surface area showing red color and intensity of the red color was increased. Red color development in storage at 21°C was not affected by Vapor Gard. This effect was specific for the anthocyanin pigment(s). Colorimetric measurements in both yellow and green areas indicated that Vapor Gard did not affect disappearance of chlorophyll and development of yellow color at time of or following harvest.
Clonal Propagation of Citrus from Somatic Callus Cultures1
Authors: Chaturvedi H. C. , Mitra G. C.
Published: September 2022

Isolated stem- and leaf-callus tissues of Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck and C. sinensis, (L.) Osbeck, established in continuous culture, produced maximum number of shoot-buds in a treatment containing 0.25 mg/liter 6 benzylamino purine (BA) + 0.1 mg/liter naphthalineacetic acid (NAA). Callus-regenerated excised shoots produced shoot-buds from their cut ends in this treatment and roots in a treatment containing 0.1 or 0.5 mg/liter NAA. Numerous such rooted shoots developed into vigorous plants in potted soil.
Green Seedcoat: A Mutant in Southernpea of Value to the Processing Industry1
Authors: Chambliss O. L.
Published: September 2022

Green seedcoat, a mutant discovered in a normally white-seeded breeding line, Ala. 963.8, of southernpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. is controlled by a single recessive gene. The green seedcoat, which persists to dryness, results in a product uniform in color with improved consumer appeal in the frozen pack.
The Integrated Pest Control Challenge: An Industry View
Authors: Fitzsimmons K. R.
Published: September 2022

Most of us in the pesticide industry have always felt that, while the concept of integrated pest control was basically sound, it is a mistake to portray it as a panacea that would markedly reduce pesticide usage. Such misrepresentation can only be harmful to the farmer, the consumer, the agribusinessman and, ultimately, to the advocates of integrated pest control.
Cage Size and Tomato Performance1
Authors: Ganjeh Edmond , Couvillon Gary A.
Published: September 2022

Plants of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Manalucie) grown in wire mesh cylindrical enclosures (cages) produced fruit with greater soluble solids content when cage diameter increased from 31 to 62 cm. Cage diameter or height did not influence juice pH, color, yield, or harvest labor input.
Respiration Rates of Sweet Corn Kernels Associated with Maturity and Genotype1
Authors: Arnold Charles Y.
Published: September 2022

Whole kernels of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) were excised from 4 cultivars of varying stages of maturity. The oxygen uptake per g, of dry kernel weight showed a curvilinear decrease with maturity as measured by % kernel moisture. Distinct differences were observed in the respiration rates of the 4 cultivars.
ETUDE DE LA POSSIBILITE DE REUTILISATION DES EAUX DE REJET DE DIALYSE DE LHOPITAL UNIVERSITAIRE PRIVEE DE MARRAKECH
Authors:   Laboratoire Physico Chimique des Procedes et des Materiaux, Faculte des Sciences et Techniques (FST), Universite Hassan 1er, Settat, Maroc., Khaldouni O. ,   Laboratoire Sciences et Technologies de la Sante, Institut Superieur des Sciences de la Sante (ISSS), Universite Hassan 1er, Settat, Maroc., Berrhoute L. ,   Centre Hospitalier regional de Guelmim (CHRG), Ministere de la sante et de la protection sociale, Guelmim, Maroc., Zerrouk L. ,   Laboratoire Genie Civil et Environnement (LGCE), ecole Mohammadia des ingenieurs, universite Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc., Moukhliss S. ,   Hopital Universitaire Prive de Marrakech., Youlyouz-Marfak I. ,   Laboratoire Sciences et Technologies de la Sante, Institut Superieur des Sciences de la Sante (ISSS), Universite Hassan 1er, Settat, Maroc., Mesradi M. ,   Laboratoire Sciences et Technologies de la Sante, Institut Superieur des Sciences de la Sante (ISSS), Universite Hassan 1er, Settat, Maroc., Ait Ahmed Y. ,   Laboratoire Sciences et Technologies de la Sante, Institut Superieur des Sciences de la Sante (ISSS), Universite Hassan 1er, Settat, Maroc., El Baydaoui R. ,   Laboratoire Sciences et Technologies de la Sante, Institut Superieur des Sciences de la Sante (ISSS), Universite Hassan 1er, Settat, Maroc., Marfak A. ,   Laboratoire Sciences et Technologies de la Sante, Institut Superieur des Sciences de la Sante (ISSS), Universite Hassan 1er, Settat, Maroc.,   Ecole Nationale de Sante Publique, Rabat., Saad E. ,   Laboratoire Physico Chimique des Procedes et des Materiaux, Faculte des Sciences et Techniques (FST), Universite Hassan 1er, Settat, Maroc.,   Laboratoire Sciences et Technologies de la Sante, Institut Superieur des Sciences de la Sante (ISSS), Universite Hassan 1er, Settat, Maroc.
Published: September 2022

La prevalence de linsuffisance renale terminale chronique ne cesse daugmenter partout dans le monde, avec pour consequence une augmentation du nombre des patients necessitant un traitement dhemodialyse. Neanmoins, ce traitement est tres couteux et exigent des ressources telles que leau dont une quantite enorme part dans legout. Cela a un impact environnemental grave. Dans ce contexte, de nombreux centres de dialyse reflechissent sur les potentialites de recyclage et dutilisation des effluents de dialyse dautant plus que le monde affronte une periode critique de secheresse. Lobjectif de notre travail est detudier les possibilites dutilisation des eaux de rejet de la salle de traitement deau du centre de dialyse de lHopital Universitaire Prive de Marrakech dans le but de reduire limpact environnemental et le coÃ»t que depense lhopital sur la dialyse.