bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extraction of Biologically Active Substances from Matricaria Chamomilla Flowers
Authors: Постраш И.Ю. , Соболева Ю.Г. , Андрущенко В.С.
Published: September 2020

Важнейшим природным источником лекарственных средств являются лекарственные растения (ЛР), которые содержат разнообразные биологически активные вещества (БАВ). Основными методами извлечения БАВ из ЛР являются методы экстракции, которые приводят к накоплению необходимых биологически важных компонентов в подходящем растворителе (экстрагенте). В зависимости от природы экстрагента, его количества, времени экстракции, температуры и других факторов из одного и того же сырья могут быть получены композиции БАВ с разным химическим составом. Изучено влияние природы экстрагента на степень извлечения гидрофильных и липофильных БАВ из лекарственного растительного сырья на примере цветков ромашки аптечной. В качестве экстрагентов использовалась вода очищенная, растворы этанола различной концентрации, двухфазные системы экстрагентов (смеси растительного масла и водных растворов этанола различных концентраций). В качестве маркеров гидрофильных веществ выступали флавоноиды, в качестве маркеров липофильных соединений – хлорофилл. Установлено, что одним из способов оптимизации процесса экстракции БАВ из цветков ромашки аптечной является применение двухфазной системы экстрагентов, состоящей из подсолнечного масла и 70% этанола, взятых в равных объёмах, которое позволяет осуществить одновременную экстракцию как липофильных, так и гидрофильных компонентов в максимальной концентрации.

The most important natural source of medicines is medicinal plants (MP) which contain various biologically active substances (BAS). The main methods for extracting BAS from MP are extraction methods which lead to the accumulation of the necessary biologically important components in a suitable solvent (extraction fluid). Depending on the nature of the extraction fluid, its amount, extraction time, temperature and other factors BAS compositions with different chemical compositions can be obtained from the same raw material. The influence of the nature of the extraction fluid on the recovery rate of hydrophil and lipophilic biologically active substances from medicinal plant materials was studied as exemplified by Matricaria Chamomilla flowers. Purified water, ethanol solutions of various concentrations and two-phase extraction fluid systems (mixtures of vegetable oil and proof spirit of various concentrations) were used as extraction fluids. Flavonoids acted as markers of hydrophil substances, chlorophyll acted as markers of lipophilic compounds. It was found that one of the ways to optimize the extraction process of biologically active substances from Matricaria Chamomilla flowers is the use of a two-phase extraction fluids system consisting of sunflower oil and 70% ethanol taken in equal volumes which achieves simultaneous extraction of both lipophilic and hydrophil components in the maximum concentration.
To the Question of the Determining Technique of the Conversion Factor to Conventional Reference Tractors
Authors: Юрков М.М. , Борисов Н.С.
Published: September 2020

Рассматривается методика перевода физических тракторов в условные эталонные с использованием соотношения их мощности к коэффициенту. Большинство сельскохозяйственных предприятий имеет тракторы различных марок, отличающихся мощностью двигателя, тяговым классом, типом движителя и т.д. В современных условиях машиноиспользования не все марки тракторов представлены в данных по систематизации и учёту, что затрудняет проведение анализа эффективности использования машинно-тракторного парка в сельскохозяйственном производстве. Нами отмечена зависимость коэффициента эталонного трактора от мощности физического трактора. Из этого можно предположить, что и внесистемные физические тракторы можно представить в виде эталонных. Например, трактор John Deere8430 мощностью 190 кВт можно представить в виде коэффициента 2,6. Таким образом, при использовании внесистемной техники в условиях сельскохозяйственных предприятий её также можно учитывать при определении возможностей повышения эффективности использования имеющегося машинно-тракторного парка.

The technique of physical tractors transformation to conventional reference ones using the ratio of their power to coefficient is considered. Most agricultural enterprises have tractors of various brands differing in engine power, drawbar category, driving machine type, etc. In modern conditions of machine use not all brands of tractors are presented in the systematization and accounting data which makes it difficult to analyze the effectiveness of the use of the machine and tractor fleet in agricultural production. We noted the dependence of the coefficient of the reference tractor on the power of the physical tractor. This assumes that off-systemic physical tractors can be represented as reference ones. For example a John Deere 8430 tractor with a power of 190 kW can be represented as a factor of 2.6. Thus, when using off-system equipment in the conditions of agricultural enterprises it can also be taken into account when determining the possibilities of increasing the efficiency of using the existing machine and tractor fleet.
"Smart" Engines
Authors: Николаев В.А. , Гуменный В.В. , Капралов В.В. , Генералов В.А.
Published: September 2020

Обобщён опыт достижений двигателестроения в сфере замены двигателей внутреннего сгорания (ДВС) на более эффективные типы двигателей, замены углеводородного топлива на другие источники энергии. Изучены способы улучшения характеристик ДВС. Для оптимизации рабочего процесса, протекающего в цилиндрах двигателя, согласования количества подаваемого воздуха в цилиндры с заданным режимом работы двигателя, распространение получили устройства регулирования работы турбокомпрессора: перепуск части воздуха из компрессора в турбину, изменение геометрии лопаток турбины, изменение проходного сечения на входе в турбину, перепуск части отработавших газов мимо турбины. Система точного дозирования топлива с электронным модулем управления обеспечивает точное управление подачей топлива в цилиндры двигателя в зависимости от нагрузочного, скоростного режима двигателя, параметров окружающей среды и других параметров. Существенное совершенствование двигателя внутреннего сгорания возможно лишь в связи с применением водорода в качестве топлива.

The experience of engine building achievements in the field of replacing internal combustion engines (ICE) with more efficient engine types, replacing hydrocarbon fuel with other energy sources is summarized. Improving methods of ICE characteristics have been studied. To optimize the working process taking place in the engine cylinders, matching the amount of air supplied to the cylinders with the specified engine operation mode, devices for regulating the operation of the turbo-compressor have been widespread: restarting part of the air from the compressor to the turbine, changing the geometry of the turbine blades, changing open flow area at the turbine inlet, restarting part of the exhaust gas past the turbine. An accurate fuel metering system with an electronic control module provides precise control of the fuel engage to the engine cylinders, depending on the load, speed limits of the engine, environmental parameters and other parameters. Significant improvement of the internal combustion engine is possible only in connection with the use of hydrogen as a fuel.
Methods of Measuring Over-Piston Clearances of Automotive Diesel Engines in Operating Conditions
Authors: Антропов Б.С. , Капралов В.В. , Гуменный В.В. , Генералов В.А.
Published: September 2020

На современных автомобильных дизельных двигателях предусмотрены конструктивные мероприятия, позволяющие выдерживать оптимальные надпоршневые зазоры в цилиндрах при их сборке на заводе-изготовителе. На двигателях отечественного производства зазоры достигаются разбивкой поршней на группы, в зависимости от размера между осью отверстия и днищем поршня, а также применением стальных прокладок газового стыка различной толщины. В процессе эксплуатации, при ремонте двигателей ЯМЗ и КамАЗ, в большинстве случаев указанные зазоры не выдерживаются в оптимальных пределах из-за отсутствия информации о методах их замеров. Это обстоятельство в конечном итоге приводит к тому, что двигатели после ремонта имеют повышенные расход топлива и дымность отработавших газов. Рассмотрены простые и нетрудоёмкие методы определения надпоршневых зазоров и способы их регулирования для достижения оптимальных значений, рекомендуемых заводами-изготовителями.

Structural measures that can withstand optimal piston clearance in the cylinders when they are assembled at the manufacturing factory are provided on modern automotive diesel engines. On engines of domestic manufacture clearances are achieved by breaking down the pistons into groups depending on the size between the central hole axis and the piston top and also using steel gaskets of the gas-tight joint of various thicknesses. During operation and the repairing of Yaroslavl Engine Plant and KamAZ engines in most cases these clearances are not maintained within optimal limits due to the lack of information about the methods of their measurements. This circumstance in the last analysis leads to the fact that the engines after repair have increased fuel consumption and smoking at the exhaust. Simple and labor saving methods for determining the over-piston clearances and methods for their regulation to achieve optimal values recommended by manufacturing factories are considered.
ATUAÇÃO DA FISIOTERAPIA NAS DISFUNÇÕES SEXUAIS FEMININAS
Authors: Cristina Waitman da Fonseca Michelle
Published: September 2020

A sexualidade apresenta um papel muito importante na vida do ser humano. Como o seu desenvolvimento suas disfunções dependem de diversos fatores, porém independentemente de apresentar uma causa orgânica ou psicossocial elas manifestam-se no componente orgânico provocando diversos transtornos. As disfunções sexuais são classificadas como transtorno do desejo sexual, de excitação, de orgasmo e dores sexuais. Apesar da alta prevalência das disfunções sexuais femininas, a sua compreensão ainda não está suficientemente fundamentada o que dificulta a abordagem terapêutica. Embora recente, a atuação da fisioterapia nas disfunções sexuais vem evoluindo e já existem relatos na literatura sobre os seus benefícios na vida sexual da mulher. Entre os recursos fisioterapêuticos empregados no tratamento das disfunções sexuais destacam-se a cinesioterapia ou exercícios perineais, o biofeedback, a eletroestimulação e a massagem perineal. Contudo, é válido essaltar que a abordagem multidisciplinar é importante para o acompanhamento de mulheres que se queixam de transtornos sexuais.
REPRODUÇÃO ASSISTIDA E SEXUALIDADE
Authors: Marie Massaro Melamed Rose
Published: September 2020

São muitos os aspectos envolvidos em sexualidade e reprodução. A biologia e a bioquímica determinam nossas características; a herança, porém é influenciada por questões de cunho social, cultural e emocional. Fatores religiosos, políticos, socioculturais e familiares influenciam tanto a sexualidade como a reprodução. Apesar de toda modernidade e conquistas ocorridas nos últimos anos, o desejo de maternidade e paternidade é ainda fortemente alimentado.No passado, a infertilidade era a perda do principal recurso natural para a procriação, levando a pessoa a conviver com este diagnóstico que causava impacto negativo no bem–estar emocional, visto que havia uma grande identificação entre masculinidade/virilidade e capacidade de engravidar uma mulher. O desenvolvimento da biotecnologia e da medicina reprodutiva possibilitou uma possível saída para este problema; entretanto as disfunções sexuais capazes de comprometer o nível de fertilidade nem sempre são tratadas, podendo ocasionar prejuízos em diferentes aspectos da vida do sujeito.
RELACIONAMENTOS HOMOAFETIVOS ENTRE GAYS
Authors: Costa de França Ribeiro Hugues
Published: September 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é proporcionar reflexões acerca do tema de pesquisa relacionamentos homoafetivos entre gays, iniciando pela influência de fatores históricos que produziram um distanciamento do assunto como de interesse a ser investigado, bem como apontar acontecimentos significativos que levaram do desinteresse a realização de pesquisas nessa área. Ainda é foco de interesse descrever algumas características e dificuldades para que essas parcerias possam ocorrer e se tornarem estáveis, com base na influência de fatores como: preconceitos institucionais e familiares, ausência de rituais sinalizadores de compromisso, as dificuldades em função da homofobia internalizada e a socialização dos papéis de gênero masculino entre outros.
Communities of oribatids (Acari: Oribatida) in the agrocenoses in the vicinity of Dubliany (Male Polissia)
Authors: Merza S. P. , Hustan H. H.
Published: September 2020

We investigated the taxonomic composition and structural specifics of the oribatids population in main agrocenoses’ types of Male Polissya. The studied communities are compared to the natural oribatid complexes based on literary data. In agrocoenoses, 14 oribatids species are found which belong to 10 families. Studied coenotic communities consist from 2 to 6 species of oribatid mites. There are 1 to 4 oribatid species per sample. The index of β diversity of oribatids in investigated agrocenoses is 5 times higher than in natural biotopes in the zone of deciduous forests. Comparative analysis of intra-coenotic H’ index of diversity shows that the largest contrast of intra-coenotic conditions for Oribatida was found in wheat agrocoenoses, the medium one in potato, corn, and soy coenoses, the smallest in rapeseed coenosis. Index of average oribatids population density in investigated agrocenoses varies in 30 times range of values. In investigated agrocoenoses genera of Oppidae, Mycobatidae, and Oribatulidae prevailed by species richness, each family is summarily presented by 2‒3 species. Analysis of H’ index for investigated oribatid groups shows that the smallest average diversity was noted in soya and rapeseed agrocoenoses, the largest in wheat coenosis. For 10 oribatid species, the potential to dominate is revealed in different types of investigated agrocenoses of Male Polissya. In some biotopes can be two to five dominating oribatid species. Six morpho-ecological types of oribatids are revealed. Structure of morpho-ecological (adaptive) oribatid types in agrocenoses is strongly different from that of the natural ecosystems of Ukraine. Agroecosystems are characterized by decreased diversity of the adaptive types of oribatids and the domination of non-specialized forms. We recognise three biotopical groups of oribatid mites in studied material: forest-meadow, meadow, and eurytopic species. The structure of ecological groups of oribatids is therefore reduced to three biotopical groups with the advantage of eurytopical representatives. Also in all types of agrocenoses eurybionic species group makes up 46‒87% of total quantity. As for hydropreferendum characteristics, only 2 to 3 ecogroups of oribatids found per coenosis.
Improvement of the elements of chemical protection of spruce trees against spruce bud scales (Hemiptera: Coccidae: Physokermes) in ornamental plants’ arboreta in the Kharkiv Region
Authors: Melenti V. O.
Published: September 2020

Chemical protection of spruce trees against spruce bud scales (spruce bud scale — Physokermes piceae (Schrank, 1801), small spruce bud scale — Physokermes hemicryphus (Dalman, 1826), and Hungarian spruce bud scale — Physkermes inopinatus Danzig et Kozаr, 1973) has been applied in arboreta in the Kharkiv Region for three years. The proposed protection system allows to effectively reduce the abundance of spruce bud scales or entirely relieve trees from them within 2–3 years period. System and complex insecticides with the addition of growth stimulator to the mixture contains were used for protection. Technical efficiency of tested insecticides is 90–97%. The optimal terms of protection have been determined which allows carrying out one treatment per season.
Abordagem interdisciplinar em molares de pacientes jovens, o desafio para evitar a extração prematura
Authors: Cunha Thaís Christina , Soares Carlos José , Soares Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira , Borges Marco Aurélio Gagliardi , Moura Camilla Christian Gomes
Published: September 2020

O tratamento reabilitador de molares jovens severamente destruídos por cárie pode ser extremamente desafiador mesmo para profissionais mais experientes, necessitando de atendimento integrado que envolva intervenção endodôntica, periodontal e restauradora. Este artigo apresenta relato de dois casos clínicos que envolveram condução clínica bem sucedida em molares de adolescentes, severamente destruídos por cárie com lesão periapical, enfatizando protocolos interdisciplinares com acompanhamento de 1 ano. Dois pacientes do sexo masculino, 14 e 17 anos, foram atendidos no projeto de extensão de intervenção integrada na hebiatria sendo submetidos ao tratamento endodôntico dos dentes 46 e 36. Após preparo biomecânico realizado com sistema automatizado TF Adaptive (SybronEndo, Orange, CA, EUA), a limpeza e desinfecção foi completada com limas XP Endo Finisher (FKG Dentaire SA, Suíça) e irrigação final com pontas de ultrassom. Após 14 dias de curativo de demora com hidróxido de cálcio, os canais foram obturados e os dentes restaurados com restauração direta em resina composta bulk-fill (Opus Bulk Fill APS, FGM). Reparo ósseo periapical e ausência de sinais e sintomas foram observados após 6 meses e 1 ano. O protocolo apresentado favoreceu a manutenção de molares jovens após um ano de proservação.
Viver é saber: sobre o “saber” em Da certeza a partir do MS 119
Authors: Pais António De Carvalho
Published: September 2020

Num conjunto de observações incluídas no MS 119, escritas em 1937, Wittgenstein analisa o uso das palavras “certeza” e “dúvida” como implicitamente subjacentes à relação de causa-efeito. Algumas dessas observações permitem conhecer de forma clara o seu entendimento sobre o jogo de linguagem que regula o uso dessas palavras. Ele volta a investigar a certeza e a dúvida nos seus últimos anos de vida, até ao seu falecimento em 1951. As observações fruto dessas investigações foram coligidas no livro de publicação póstuma com o título Da certeza. Este estudo propõe analisar esta obra a partir das principais ideias sobre o saber e o jogo da linguagem que foram veiculadas nas referidas observações do MS 119. Com esta abordagem, procura-se captar o essencial do pensamento de Wittgenstein sobre a certeza e a dúvida em conexão com a causalidade e o fundamento. O que, no essencial, estará em causa é a possibilidade de fundamentar a nossa forma de vida.
O místico em Wittgenstein: a filosofia e os limites da linguagem
Authors: Azevedo Edmilson Alves de
Published: September 2020

Este ensaio procura analisar o conceito de místico em Ludwig Wittgenstein e sua relação com a filosofia da linguagem, a ética e a lógica.
Evitemos el desastre nacional ante la pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Glave-Testino Carlos
Published: September 2020

La pandemia provocada por el SARS-COV-2 encontró a nuestro país con un sistema de salud fraccionado y precario dentro de una economía con un 70 % de informalidad.La respuesta del gobierno central fue aplaudida por la comunidad internacional, por la prontitud en las medidas de contención dictadas. A pesar de ello, la realidad nos enfrentaa un mal resultado sin poder lograr una disminución de la curva de contagios y mortalidad.
Respon Peternak Domba Terhadap Pencegahan Haemonchosis Menggunakan Ekstrak Serbuk Kulit Nanas (Ananas Comosus L) di Desa Ngadipuro Kecamatan Dukun Kabupaten Magelang
Authors: Sunarsih Sunarsih , Hayati Fitri Nur , Kusuma Yudiani Rina
Published: September 2020

Penelitian dilaksanakan tanggal 3 Mei sampai 30 Juni 2019 di Desa Ngadipuro Kecamatan Dukun Kabupaten Magelang. Tujuan Penelitian adalah mengetahui respon peternak dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi respon peternak terhadap pencegahan haemonchosis menggunakan ekstrak serbuk kulit nanas. Desain pengkajian menggunakan teknik One-Shot Case Study. Metode pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara sensus yaitu seluruh peternak yang tergabung dalam kelompok ternak di Desa Ngadipuro sebanyak 31 responden. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dan observasi. Pengukuran respon terdiri dari aspek kognitif, afektif, dan konatif. Penentuan respon peternak di kelompokkan menjadi 5 kategori, yaitu sangat rendah, rendah, sedang, tinggi, dan sangat tinggi. Sedangkan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan respon digunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil analisis respon peternak diperoleh skor 1795 dan skor rata-rata 57,9 (Tinggi). Hasil uji F (simultan)  variabel umur, tingkat pendidikan, pengalaman beternak, kepemilikan ternak, dan jumlah tanggungan keluarga berpengaruh sangat signifikan terhadap respon peternak P<α (0,001<0,05). Hasil uji T, umur berpengaruh sangat signifikan terhadap respon P<α (0,000<0,01) dengan koefisien regresi sebesar -0,649, tingkat pendidikan berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap respon P>α (0,243>0,05) dengan koefisien regresi sebesar -2,435, pengalaman beternak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap respon P<α (0,016<0,05) dengan koefisien regresi sebesar 0,643, kepemilikan ternak berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap respon P>α (0,461>0,05) dengan koefisien regresi sebesar 0,452, dan jumlah tanggungan keluarga berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap respon P>α (0,549>0,05) dengan koefisien regresi sebesar 0,945. Simpulan: respon peternak pada kategori tinggi. Secara simultan variabel independen sangat berpengaruh terhadap respon (P<0,01). faktor yang mempengaruhi respon peternak adalah umur (P<0,01) dan pengalaman beternak (P<0,05).
Respon Petani Terhadap Pemanfaatan Kotoran Ternak Sapi Menjadi Pupuk Bokashi Dengan Menggunakan Mikroorganisme Lokal (Mol) Dari Isi Rumen
Authors: Ariyanto Tri Wahyudi , Saputro Raden Agus Triwidodo , Sunardi Sunardi
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan 2 Mei 2019 sampai dengan 30 Juni 2019 di Kelompok Tani Sidomukti, Mangunrejo, Tegalrejo, Magelang. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui respon petani terhadap pemanfaatan kotoran ternak sapi menjadi pupuk bokashi mengunakan Microorganisme Lokal (MOL) isi rumen dan mengetahui faktorfaktor internal petani (usia, tingkat pendidikan, pengalaman beternak). Metode pengambilan sampel adalah metode sensus. Variabel yang digunakan adalah variabel independen (umur, tingkat pendidikan, pengalaman beternak) dan variabel dependen (respon petani). Rancangan kajian yaitu menghitung respon petani dengan post test yang berhubungan dengan aspek pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan, dan menghitung hubungan antara faktor internal dengan respon petani. Desain yang digunakan One-Shot Case Study yaitu dilakukan pada satu kelompok diberi penyuluhan kemudian dilakukan pengukuran dengan post test. Data meliputi data primer dan sekunder. Data yang telah ditabulasi, dihitung menggunakan skala likert untuk mengukur aspek pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan. Metode analisis untuk mengetahui respon petani menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan analisis statistik korelasi rank spearman untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan respon. Hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai respon petani 1622 termasuk kriteria tinggi terdiri dari aspek pengetahuan 956 termasuk dalam kriteria tahu, sikap 490 termasuk kriteria setuju dan keterampilan 177 termasuk kriteria cukup terampil. Faktor-faktor internal petani yang berhubungan dengan respon diperoleh hasil hubungan antara umur, pendidikan dan pengalaman beternak dengan respon petani tidak signifikan.
ANALYSIS OF THE OUTER PART MICROFLORA OF THE SEEDS OF MELON CROPS AND THE EFFECT OF SEED TREATMENT PREPARATIONS
Authors: Alimukhamedov Saidmurat Sultanovich  , Kholdorov Mirkhalil Urazbekovich  , Akhmedova Munisa Abdumajitovna
Published: September 2020

This article reveals the results of experiments on microbiological analysis of harmful microorganisms present in the outer shell of melon and watermelon seeds in order to select seed treatment preparations.
In the republic, sowing of seeds of vegetable and melon crops after having the treatment with particular preparations in the open field is not allowed. Because of this, seeds produced in our conditions are planted without chemical treatment, and the spread of the disease in the cultivated plants is leading to a sharp decline in productivity.

KEYWORDS: melon, watremelon, seed, microflora, seed treatment preparations, preparation, bacteria, actinomycetales, fungus.
A COVID-19 E A EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL E TECNOLÓGICA: UM PANORAMA DAS AÇÕES DE ACOMPANHAMENTO E ENFRENTAMENTO DA PANDEMIA NOS INSTITUTOS FEDERAIS
Authors: Castilho Mara Lucia , Silva Cláudio Nei Nascimento da
Published: September 2020

A pesquisa sobre a qual versa este trabalho objetivou apresentar um panorama das ações dos IF para mitigar os efeitos da pandemia nas atividades acadêmicas e fazer uma reflexão sobre a homogeneidade dessas ações no âmbito dos institutos quanto à igualdade de acesso à educação nesse contexto de excepcionalidade. Para tal, foram analisadas informações disponíveis nos sites dos 38 Institutos Federais de Educação (IF), a fim de se identificar: a existência de comitê/comissão para deliberação de ações no enfrentamento da Covid-19, seja institucional, nos campi ou em ambos; informações sobre a suspensão das atividades acadêmicas presenciais e a distância; informações sobre a suspensão do calendário acadêmico; e informações sobre a continuidade de atividades a distância e ou não-presenciais durante esse período dessa suspensão. Os resultados evidenciaram que essas instituições agiram rapidamente no âmbito interno, quer seja com a suspensão, parcial ou total, dos calendários acadêmicos, quer seja com a utilização de estratégias de ensino não-presencial. Percebeu-se que os IF responderam às demandas impostas e que, embora heterogêneas, as ações se voltaram, principalmente, para a preservação da saúde da comunidade acadêmica.
CORONAVÍRUS: COMO A PANDEMIA ESCANCAROU A DESIGUALDADE E PARALISOU A EDUCAÇÃO NO DISTRITO FEDERAL
Authors: Nakata Cláudio Hiroshi
Published: September 2020

O Distrito Federal (DF), seguindo os padrões da educação no Brasil, apresenta resultados inexpressivos em termos de rendimento escolar e índices preocupantes de violência escolar. Diante deste cenário, surge a pandemia da Covid-19, causada pelo novo Coronavírus obrigando a sociedade a ficar em isolamento e, em consequência, ao fechamento dos estabelecimentos de ensino no DF. Por ser uma situação inédita, a Secretaria de Estado de Educação do Distrito Federal (SEEDF) levou certo tempo para se organizar e reagir ao novo cenário. A impossibilidade da aula presencial obrigou o governo distrital a criar novas estratégias de ensino, o que seguiu na direção do uso de recursos tecnológicos como plataformas digitais, escancarando a desigualdade na educação. Boa parte dos estudantes não possuem equipamentos eletrônicos e acesso à internet. A maioria das escolas não possuem a infraestrutura para implementar o ensino à distância e grande parte dos professores não estão capacitados ou familiarizados com o uso das ferramentas tecnológica. Este trabalho é um relato de experiência de um professor da educação básica que vivenciou o impacto da pandemia na rede pública de ensino do DF. O texto descreve a realidade da educação antes da pandemia e as medidas adotadas pelo Governo após a chegada do novo Coronavírus e tem como objetivo levar o leitor a uma reflexão sobre a reinvenção da educação para o período pós-pandemia.
Sistem Pakar Metode Forward Chaining untuk Mengukur Keparahan Penyakit Gigi dan Mulut
Authors: Yansyah Ilham Roni , Sumijan S
Published: September 2020

Teeth and mouth are parts of the body that cannot be separated, where the teeth are in the oral cavity so that if there is interference with the teeth it will affect the mouth. Knowledge to recognize dental and oral diseases from an early age is very much needed to be able to maintain healthy teeth and mouth. Lack of knowledge about these oral and dental diseases will result in severe damage to teeth and mouth. This study aims to measure the severity of oral disease and provide a diagnosis of oral and dental disease so that later it can be used as a reference for consultation with a doctor. The method used in this research is Forward Chaining to represent the rules of 27 symptom facts and 8 diseases described by experts. The results of testing for this method are as many as 10 patient data were diagnosed to get the same result as the doctor's analysis so that the accuracy rate is 80%. The expert system designed with the Codeigniter Framework can provide insight by being able to identify the disease suffered by patients and measure the severity of the oral and dental disease suffered.
UPAYA PREVENTIF PENINGKATAN RISIKO TB PARU AKIBAT KABUT ASAP DENGAN PEMANFAATAN MASKER DAN PEMBERIAN EDUKASI KEPADA MASYARAKAT DI KECAMATAN JEJAWI KABUPATEN OGAN KOMERING ILIR SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Arista Dini
Published: September 2020

Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah memberi edukasi kepada masayarakat serta pemanfaatan masker N95 sebagai upaya preventif peningkatan risiko penyakit paru khususnya TB akibat kabut asap. Kabut asap di Sumatera Selatan pada tahun 2019 ini merupakan kabut asap yang paling parah karena titik api atau lokasi kebakaran hutan cukup banyak diantaranya di OKI, Muaraenim, Pali, Banyuasin dan Ogan Ilir. Lokasi kebakaran tersebut menyebabkan banyak daerah lainnya yang ikut merasakan kabut asap tak terkecuali Kecamatan Jejawi. Untuk itu kami memberikan edukasi terkait penggunaan masker N95 kepada salah satu kecamatan terdampak asap, yaitu Kecamatan Jejawi. Tim melakukan kunjungan ke salah satu rumah warga di Kelurahan Muara Batun. Jumlah penerima manfaat sebesar 50 orang. Peragaan dan pemaparan materi dipandu oleh tim pelaksana pengabdian masyarakat dengan metode penyuluhan, pembagian masker N95 dan leaflet, serta diskusi keluarga. Sebelum penyuluhan dilakukan, tim melakukan pre test terlebih dahulu kepada sejumlah peserta yang hadir. Setelah penyuluhan dan diskusi, dilanjutkan dengan post test. Hasil pengukuran pengetahuan adalah nilai mean scoring pre-test pengetahuan responden adalah 70,42 dan hasil post-test dengan nilai mean 81,67. Berdasarkan analisis paired t-test didapatkan nilai p-value < 0.05 sehingga dapat disimpulkan ada perbedaan pengetahuan yang signifikan sebelum dan setelah dilakukan penyuluhan kepada masyarakat.
Skin Lesions with An Odontogenic Origin
Authors: A Snehitha
Published: September 2020

Dermatological disorders have an alarming incidence of 60% in the Indian scenario. These disorders can range from mild dermatitis, acne to the most severe form of unresolving urticaria, pruritis etc. Clinicians have come a long way in terms of advancements in the diagnosis and management of these lesions. However, infection including dental infection, as a common source of etiology for such dermatological disorders is often neglected. Common sources of infection from the orofacial region include periodontitis, partially impacted teeth, periapical lesions, and so on. The probable mechanism supporting this mysterious correlation is of hematogenous spread of infection/bacteria and IgE mediated histamine release thereby, triggering and causing dermatological lesions. Here, we report 2 such cases of chronic urticaria which resolved on dental therapy
Corona Virus (COVID-19) Awareness Assessment - A Survey Study Amongst the Indian Population
Authors: Fernandes Gabriela
Published: September 2020

Aim: The aim of this survey study was to assess the level of awareness amongst Indian population regarding the COVID-19.

Method: A survey was conducted amongst 745 individuals to assess their level of awareness regarding COVID-19 and steps to be taken for its prevention.

Result: The results revealed that a considerable percentage of individuals learned about the pandemic through social media and news and were aware of the mode of spread of the virus and also steps to be taken to prevent it from spreading. But considerable percentage of people was also not fully aware regarding the age groups this virus will be affecting.

Conclusion: Upon understanding the percentage of people not aware about the age groups this virus will be affecting, keeping in mind good amount of knowledge amongst individuals about maintaining hygiene and social distancing, this survey would help the health care workers to create awareness regarding the effect of this virus on different age groups to help prevent carelessness amongst youth in following the regime.
A Serious Public Health Concern for India due to Newly Discovered Virus (COVID-19): Early Detection of all Possible Cases is the Only Way to Combat
Authors: Mishra Vijay Kumar
Published: September 2020

Background: It is well known that India is having a massive population (around 130 crores) after China. So, it's more likely to be similar or more positive cases of corona among Indians. However, we are following the ways of social distancing and all possible ways to weaken the corona outbreak. But, India needs a good monitoring and surveillance system to tackle this problem otherwise it may become a serious public health problem.

Objectives: This study has done to understand the severity of corona in India and its states and to device a tool based on symptoms suggested by the World Health Organization on the corona.

Methods: We have utilized data extracted through the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, GoI from 30th Jan to 26th March 2020. We have estimated the case fatality rate and cured rate to understand the severity of the newly discovered virus (COVID-19).

Results: Out of 694 confirmed corona cases, 47 were foreigners and 647 Indians. Our study found that the case fatality rate due to COVID-19 was 23.1 per 1000 persons in India while the people who were still hospitalized under isolation wards were about 91 percent. The cure rate was estimated at around 64.8 per 1000 persons.

Conclusions: Looking at the recovery rate, we may think about the severity of corona among Indians. We can reduce the chances of rapidly increasing corona cases through good monitoring and surveillance system. It is recommended that Government should not only focus on testing the passengers arriving at the airport but also test as much as possible cases based on the symptoms of corona in all the districts so that an actual number of cases can be estimated.
Japanische Kriegsdiskurse und die ideologische Totalisierung des Krieges im Deutschland der Zwischenkriegszeit
Authors: Pekar Von Thomas
Published: September 2020

Es ist bekannt, dass es in Deutschland nach der Kriegsniederlage 1918 einflussreiche Kreise in Militär, Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft und Politik gab, die an einer Strategie arbeiteten1, die aus dieser Niederlage Lehren ziehen sollte, um in einem zukünftigen Krieg siegreich
sein zu können2 – ein amerikanischer Militärstratege hat das treffend ,,Preparing for the War of the Future in the Wake of Defeat“3 genannt, also den Krieg der Zukunft im Aufschwung der Niederlage vorbereiten.4 Dieser zukünftige Krieg
wurde als ein ,totaler‘ konzipiert5, obwohl sich der Erste Weltkrieg in seiner Endphase schon ,,in Richtung des totalen Krieges entwickelt“6 hatte.
Evaluation on the Warning-Degree of the Ecological Carrying Capacity of Guangzhou City Based on the DPSIR Model
Authors: Li Ming-Jie , Zhang Jie , Zhu Yu-Lin
Published: September 2020

Evaluation on the ecological carrying capacity is related to the sustainable development of cities. The evaluation requires a scientific, reasonable and intuitive evaluation method system. In order to evaluate the ecological carrying capacity of Guangzhou city, based on the “Driving-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR)” model, this paper constructs a warning-degree evaluation index system for city, evaluates the ecological carrying capacity, judges the warning-degree of Guangzhou City from 2009 to 2018 by the method of entropy weight, and puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the city carrying capacity. The calculation result shows that the comprehensive index scores of the warning-degree evaluation of ecological carrying capacity of Guangzhou city are rising, the warning degree decrease from high to medium and low during the research period. Comparing each evaluation subsystem, there is a slight drop in the driving subsystem index scores, while pressure, impact and response index scores increase significantly. And the contribution proportion of each subsystem to the comprehensive index score is different. The pressure subsystem makes the biggest contribution. Therefore, Guangzhou should continue to encourage technological innovation, promote the use of clean production, implement energy conservation and emission reduction, and develop a green economy. The government should strengthen ecological and environmental protection legislation, and improve the economic policy system for ecological and environmental protection. The public should raise the environmental protection, ecological and participation awareness.
UJI PERBANDINGAN PLASTIK BIODEGRADABEL PATI SINGKONG DAN PATI KENTANG TERHADAP KEKUATAN DAN PEMANJANGAN
Authors: Aditya Nugraha Lutfi , Dewi Triastianti Rita , Prihandoko Diananto
Published: September 2020

Plastik biodegradable adalah plastik yang dapat terdekomposisi oleh aktivitas penguraian mikroorganisme. Plastik dapat dibuat dari pati singkong dan tepung kentang dengan penambahan sorbitol plasticizer untuk plasticizer plastik dan chitosan untuk penguatan plastik sehingga dapat meningkatkan kekuatan tarik dan perpanjangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik, konsentrasi kitosan terbaik, dan sifat mekanik (kekuatan tarik dan perpanjangan) dari plastik yang dapat terbiodegradasi.Studi ini dilakukan dalam beberapa tahap, yaitu ekstraksi pati dari singkong dan kentang, membuat plastik biodegradable, kekuatan tarik dan uji perpanjangan. Pembuatan plastik biodegradable menggunakan pati singkong dan tepung kentang masing-masing 10 gram, sorbitol plasticizer 5 ml, variasi kitosan 0,2 gram, 0,4 gram; 0,6 gram; 0,8 gram; 1 gram; 1,2 gram 1,4 gram, cuka 150 ml, dan aquadest.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variasi kitosan dengan pati singkong dan tepung kentang, dan plasticizer sorbitol memiliki efek pada karakteristik, kekuatan tarik dan nilai perpanjangan. Perlakuan kuat tarik tertinggi adalah 10 gram pati singkong, 5 ml sorbitol dan variasi kitosan seberat 1,4 gram adalah 17,28 MPa dan perlakuan perpanjangan tertinggi adalah dengan 10 gram pati bak cuci, 5 ml sorbitol plasticizer, variasi kitosan berbobot 0,6 gram dengan 76,32 %.
ANALISIS DESAIN SISTEM PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SURYA KAPASITAS 150 WP SEBAGAI SUPLAI ENERGI PADA FOTOBIOREAKTOR MIKROALGA
Authors: Hindarti Fifin , Ayuningtyas Endah
Published: September 2020

Energi baru dan terbarukan bukan hanya merupakan energi alternatif yang dapat memenuhi kebutuhan energi yang semakin meningkat, tapi juga merupakan energi hijau yang tidak menimbulkan dampak berbahaya bagi manusia dan lingkungan seperti pada energi yang berasal dari fosil. Penerapan sel surya sebagai sumber energi listrik pada fotobioreaktor tempat budidaya mikroalga merupakan salah satu upaya untuk mengembangkan energi baru dan terbarukan yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini merupakan inovasi teknologi dalam bidang budidaya mikroalga menggunakan panel surya sebagai pengkonversi energi matahari menjadi energi listrik.Perancangan pembangkit listrik tenaga surya skala kecil yang akan digunakan untuk mensuplai kebutuhan energi dari fotobioreaktor adalah menggunakan panel surya dengan kapasitas 150 wp. Panel surya sebagai pengkonversi energi, solar charge controller sebagai pengatur keseimbangan arus listrik. Pelaksanaan penelitian ini terdiri dari beberapa tahap yaitu: tahap pengumpulan data awal, tahap pengembangan sistem, dan tahap pengumpulan data penelitian. Kebutuhan energi yang akan dipenuhi adalah untuk menghidupkan lampu dan aerator,Hasil pengujian sistem pembangkit listrik tenaga surya yang telah dirancang menunjukkanÂ  bahwa daya keluaran rata-rata mencapai 45,18 Watt dan arus yang didapatkan sebesar 3,7 Ampere.
Millimeter-VLBI Detection and Imaging of the Gravitationally Lensed γ-Ray Blazar JVAS B0218+357
Authors: Hada Kazuhiro , Niinuma Kotaro , Sitarek Julian , Spingola Cristiana , Hirano Ayumi
Published: September 2020

We observed the gravitationally lensed blazar JVAS B0218+357 with the KVN and VERA Array (KaVA) at 22, 43, and 86 GHz. The source has recently been identified as an active γ-ray source up to GeV/TeV energy bands, rendering a unique target for studying relativistic jets through gravitational lensing. Here we report the first robust very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) detection and imaging of the lensed images up to 86 GHz. The detected milliarcsecond-scale/parsec-scale morphology of the individual lensed images (A and B) is consistent with that previously seen at 22 and 15 GHz, showing the core–jet morphology with the jet direction being the same as at the low frequencies. The radio spectral energy distributions of the lensed images become steeper at higher frequencies, indicating that the innermost jet regions become optically thin to synchrotron emission. Our findings confirm that the absorption effects due to the intervening lensing galaxy become negligible at millimeter wavelengths. These results indicate that high-frequency VLBI observations are a powerful tool to better recover the intrinsic properties of lensed active galactic nucleus jets, which therefore allow us to study the interplay between the low- and high-energy emission.
Blazar Radio and Optical Survey (BROS): A Catalog of Blazar Candidates Showing Flat Radio Spectrum and Their Optical Identification in Pan-STARRS1 Surveys
Authors: Itoh Ryosuke , Utsumi Yousuke , Inoue Yoshiyuki , Ohta Kouji , Doi Akihiro , Morokuma Tomoki , Kawabata Koji S. , Tanaka Yasuyuki T.
Published: September 2020

Utilizing the latest and the most sensitive radio and optical catalogs, we completed a new blazar candidate catalog, Blazar Radio and Optical Survey (BROS), which includes 88,211 sources located at decl. δ > −40° and outside the galactic plane (

). We list compact flat-spectrum radio sources of α > −0.6 (α is defined as F

ν
∝ ν

α
) from 0.15 GHz TGSS to 1.4 GHz NVSS catalogs. We further identify optical counterparts of the selected sources by cross-matching with Pan-STARRS1 photometric data. Color–color and color–magnitude plots for the selected BROS sources clearly show two distinct populations, a “quasar-like” population consisting of both flat-spectrum radio quasars and BL Lac type objects. On the other hand, an “elliptical-like” population of mostly BL Lac type objects is buried in the elliptical galaxy. The latter population is also reported in previous catalogs, but the BROS catalog provided a new larger sample of this population, due to the lower radio flux threshold of our selection. Model calculations show that the “elliptical-like” population consists of elliptical galaxies located at redshift z ≲ 0.5, which is also supported by the logN-logS distribution of the power-law index of 1.49 ± 0.05. This BROS catalog is useful for identifying the electromagnetic counterparts of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays and PeV neutrinos recently detected by IceCube, as well as nearby BL Lac objects detectable by future high-sensitivity TeV telescopes, such as the Cherenkov Telescope Array.
Where Are the Extrasolar Mercuries?
Authors: Doyle Alexandra E. , Klein Beth , Schlichting Hilke E. , Young Edward D.
Published: September 2020

We utilize observations of 16 white dwarf stars to calculate and analyze the oxidation states of the parent bodies accreting onto stars. Oxygen fugacity, which is a measure of overall oxidation state for rocks, is as important as pressure and temperature in determining the structure of a planet. We find that most of the extrasolar rocky bodies formed under oxidizing conditions, but that ∼1/4 of the polluted white dwarfs have compositions that are consistent with more reduced parent bodies. The difficulty in constraining the oxidation states of relatively reduced bodies is discussed and a model for the time-dependent evolution of the apparent oxygen fugacity for a hypothetical reduced body engulfed by a WD is investigated. The differences in diffusive fluxes of various elements through the WD envelope yield spurious inferred bulk elemental compositions and oxidation states of the accreting parent bodies under certain conditions. The worst case for biasing against detection of reduced bodies occurs for high effective temperatures. For moderate and low effective temperatures, the evidence for relatively reduced parent bodies is preserved under most circumstances for at least several characteristic lifetimes of the debris disk.
Anisotropy of Velocity Centroids and the Signature of Different MHD Modes in the Turbulent ISM
Authors: Hernández-Padilla D. , Esquivel A. , Lazarian A. , Pogosyan D. , Kandel D. , Cho J.
Published: September 2020

Magnetic turbulence is anisotropic because the directions of motion are constrained by the magnetic field. Such anisotropy can be observed in velocity centroids obtained from spectroscopic observations. We use magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations to produce synthetic spectroscopic observations (position–position–velocity data) and study the anisotropy in the structure function of velocity centroid maps. We decomposed the velocity in the simulations into Alfvén, slow, and fast modes and studied how each of them contributes to the observed anisotropy. We found that when the angle between the line of sight and the mean magnetic field is large the Alfvén mode dominates the observed anisotropy, while for smaller angles the anisotropy is not large enough to be used to probe the magnetization of the medium, and it is dominated by the slow mode. Our results are in fair agreement with the theoretical predictions in Kandel et al.
The Magnetic Topology and Eruption Mechanism of a Multiple-ribbon Flare
Authors: Qiu Ye , Guo Yang , Ding Mingde , Zhong Ze
Published: September 2020

Multiple-ribbon flares are usually complex in their magnetic topologies and eruption mechanisms. In this paper, we investigate an X2.1 flare (SOL2015-03-11T16:22) that occurred in active region 12297 near the center of the solar disk by both potential and nonlinear force-free field models extrapolated with the data observed by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. We calculate the three-dimensional squashing degree distribution. The results reveal that there are two flux ropes in this active region covered by a large-scale hyperbolic flux tube (HFT), which is the intersection of quasi-separatrix layers with a null point embedded in it. When the background magnetic field diminishes due to the separation of the northwest dipole and the flux cancellation, the central flux rope rises up, forming the two brightest central ribbons. It then squeezes the overlying HFT structure to generate further brightenings. This very energetic flare with a complex shape is accompanied by a coronal mass ejection (CME). We adopt the simplified line-tied force-balance equation of the current ring model and assign the observed value of the decay index to the equation to simulate the acceleration profile of the CME in the early stage. It is found that the path with an inclination of 45° from radial best fits the profile of the actual acceleration.