bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A behavioural system of strategy‐as‐practice for grant acquisition in nonprofits: An investigation through the sensemaking theory and systems theory
Authors: Panda Debadutta Kumar
Published: November 2022

The extant literature in strategy‐as‐practice (SAP) has examined it from the sensemaking theory but did not look at it from the system's standpoint. This exploratory study examines the SAP of nonprofits for grant acquisition from a systems perspective by integrating systems theory and sensemaking theory. The grounded theory approach was adopted to gather information and process data, and examine three cases over 3 years. Following the systems approach, the study found sense‐as‐stimuli as the input, sense‐as‐cognitive and behavioural interplay as the process and sense‐as‐strategizing as the output in the sensemaking of strategy‐making in nonprofits for grant acquisition. Sense‐as‐strategizing was also influenced by sense‐as‐cognitive and behavioural interplay in the feedback loop. The strategy‐making system was influenced by (1) the competitive environment for the organization and (2) social environment of the organization. Sense‐as‐cognitive and behavioural interplay influenced the social environment of the organization in a feedback loop.
Axial compression behavior of reinforced concrete beam to square thin‐walled concrete‐filled steel tube column joints stiffened by internal diaphragms
Authors: Gan Dan , Zhao Zhongxiang , Zhou Zheng , Zhou Xuhong
Published: November 2022

A joint system was proposed to connect square thin‐walled concrete‐filled steel tube (CFST) columns and reinforced concrete (RC) beams. In the system, longitudinal beam reinforcing bars are continuous through the joint zone by passing the rectangular holes in the steel tube, aiming to achieve direct load‐transfer of the beam and joint integrity; and the square thin‐walled steel tube with holes is strengthened by internal diaphragms. Previous cyclic tests showed that the proposed joint system satisfied the requirements of strong‐joint weak‐component, namely the shear capacity of the joint zone was larger than that provided by CFST columns and RC beams. However, further research was necessary to evaluate the behavior under axial compression, as the discontinuous diagonal ribs and holes in the joint steel tube weakened the load capacity. In this investigation, the effect of internal diaphragms was first evaluated based on the axial compression tests on six square CFST stub columns. The test results showed that the internal diaphragms effectively improved the strength and ductility. The finite element analyses (FEA) on square CFST columns and RC beam to CFST column joints stiffened by internal diaphragms were then carried out based on the verified FEA models. The analysis results showed that thicker internal diaphragms increased the strength, and changed the failure mode from the column‐center failure to column‐end failure for columns and from the joint failure to column failure for joints, respectively. Finally, the mechanics‐based models and axial strength equations of square CFST columns and RC beam to CFST column joints stiffened by internal diaphragms were proposed, and the predictions agreed well with the test and analysis results.
Financial Hardship, Food Insecurity, and Forgone Medical Care
Authors: McDougall Jean A. , Jaffe Shoshana Adler , Guest Dolores D. , Pankratz V. Shane , Wiggins Charles L. , Meisner Angela L. W. , Sussman Andrew L.
Published: November 2022

Financial hardship is increasingly understood as a serious threat to achieving cancer health equity. Food insecurity, defined as an inability to access enough healthy food because of a lack of money or other resources, is an extreme manifestation of financial hardship that occurs when patients shift money from their food budget to cover other expenses, including cancer treatment. Emerging evidence suggests that cancer-related financial hardship disproportionately impacts Latinos; however, the research on financial hardship, food insecurity, and access to medical care is limited. Results are presented from a cross-sectional survey comparing the prevalence of financial hardship and food insecurity among population-based Hispanic and non-Hispanic cancer survivors, and the relationship between ethnicity, food insecurity, and forgone medical care is examined. The substantially higher prevalence of food insecurity among Hispanic cancer survivors highlights the need for food insecurity screening and prevention programs in community oncology practice.
Impact of Obesity and Related Factors in Breast Cancer Survivorship Among Hispanic Women
Authors: Bandera Elisa V. , Hong Chi-Chen , Qin Bo
Published: November 2022

Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among Hispanic women. The number of Hispanic breast cancer survivors is increasing because the US Hispanic population is fast-growing and breast cancer survival is improving. However, this vulnerable population has received little attention. Obesity and weight gain affect Hispanic and African American/Black women disproportionately. Obesity affects several factors relevant to cancer survivorship, including cancer treatment and patient-reported outcomes such as health-related quality of life (QoL). As a first step toward addressing these issues, a pilot study was conducted to assess the feasibility of assembling a cohort of Hispanic breast cancer survivors in New Jersey. Methods were similar to those used in the ongoing Women’s Circle of Health Follow-Up Study, a cohort of African American/Black breast cancer survivors in New Jersey. Hispanic breast cancer survivors were very interested and willing to participate. There were interesting differences in body mass index and central adiposity between Hispanic and African American/Black breast cancer survivors, but both groups had a high prevalence of body fatness and comorbidities. Hispanic breast cancer survivors had lower QoL, particularly obese women. More research is needed to understand survivorship needs in minority and medically underserved women after a breast cancer diagnosis.
Discrete Hölder spaces and their characterization via semigroups associated with the discrete Laplacian and kernel estimates
Authors: Abadias Luciano , De León-Contreras Marta
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we characterize the discrete Hölder spaces by means of the heat and Poisson semigroups associated with the discrete Laplacian. These characterizations allow us to get regularity properties of fractional powers of the discrete Laplacian and the Bessel potentials along these spaces and also in the discrete Zygmund spaces in a more direct way than using the pointwise definition of the spaces. To obtain our results, it has been crucial to get boundedness properties of the heat and Poisson kernels and their derivatives in both space and time variables. We believe that these estimates are also of independent interest.
Virgin queen behaviour and controlled mating in the stingless bee Tetragonula carbonaria (Meliponini)
Authors: Bueno F. G. B. , Hajjar R. , Colin T. , Buchmann G. , Latty T. , Gloag R.
Published: November 2022

Improving knowledge of virgin queen behaviour and mating biology in stingless bees (Meliponini) is an important step towards artificial selection programmes for managed colonies. Here we study the Australian stingless bee Tetragonulacarbonaria to (1) describe the behaviour of queens from eclosion until egg-laying, and (2) assess whether young queens can be reared and mated under constrained conditions. We extracted mature virgin queen cells of T.carbonaria from large colonies and reared them in queen maturation boxes containing a limited number of workers (“micro-colonies”). Queen behaviour followed a typical pattern with three phases: a period of high activity and wing-flapping on top of the brood (5 ± 2 days of age), attempts to leave the colony for the nuptial flight (12 ± 3 days of age), and oviposition (20 ± 6 days of age). In total, 71% (68 of 95) of queen cells hatched in our maturation boxes and 57% (39 of 68) survived to mating age, with some observed to be actively killed by workers within the first week of life (8 of 68; 11%). For a subset of our queens, we performed controlled matings (either with or without CO2 narcosis) by presenting constrained females to males in mating aggregations, allowing one male to mate (deposit mating plug) and then returning queens to their box. In the absence of CO2 narcosis, 30% of queens mated this way were subsequently found to have sperm in their spermathecae, indicative of a successful mating (5 of 17). The remaining 70% however contained no sperm, despite the presence of the male mating plug. Amongst queens that were CO2 narcotized before and during the controlled mating, none had sperm in their spermathecae (0 of 12), though most went on to activate their ovaries following the mating and lay male (haploid) eggs. Together, these trials indicate that controlled matings with T.carbonaria are possible, but suggest that queens may need to actively accept mating for successful sperm transfer.
Similar survivorship at the 5-year follow-up comparing robotic-assisted and conventional lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
Authors: Maritan Guido , Franceschi Giorgio , Nardacchione Roberto , Furlan Emanuele , Mariani Ilaria , Ursino Nicola , D’Ambrosi Riccardo
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This retrospective study aims to analyse the survivorship and functional outcomes of two samples with similar preoperative clinical and demographic data of lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) performed with robotic and conventional surgery at a minimum 5-year follow-up.

Methods

In this retrospective study, the clinical records of two cohorts for 95 lateral UKA implants were analysed. The first cohort consisted of 43 patients with cemented lateral UKA performed with the conventional procedure (Conventional group). The second cohort consisted of 52 patients who received robot-assisted cemented lateral UKA (Robotic group). Clinical evaluation of the two samples entailed evaluating the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score divided into subscales (symptoms and stiffness, pain, function in daily living, function in sport and recreation and quality of life) for each patient. Revision was defined as the failure of the implant (periprosthetic joint infection, periprosthetic fracture or aseptic loosening), and survival was based on implant revision.

Results

The mean follow-up time was 90.3 ± 9.1 months for the Conventional Group and 95.4 ± 11.0 months for the Robotic Group (n.s.). Each patient was clinically evaluated on the day before surgery (T0), at a minimum 1-year follow-up (T1) and at a minimum 5-year follow-up (T2). In both groups, all clinical scores improved between T0 and T1 and between T0 and T2 (p < 0.05); for both groups, no differences were noted in any clinical scores between T1 and T2 (n.s.). No significant differences in any clinical score were found between the two groups at each follow-up (n.s.). Survival analysis reported no differences between the two groups at the final 1-year follow-up, with three failures (2 aseptic loosening and 1 periprosthetic fracture) in the Conventional group and two failures (1 patellofemoral osteoarthritis and 1 inexplicable pain) in the Robotic group (n.s.).

Conclusions

This study shows excellent clinical outcomes and revision rates in robotic arm-assisted and manual techniques for lateral UKA, with no clinical differences at medium- to long-term follow-up.

Level of evidence

Level III—comparative study.
Electrical machines in automotive: evaluation of current technologies and future requirements
Authors: Alani Mahir , Oner Yasemin , Tameemi Ahmed
Published: November 2022

This paper presents an evaluation of the current technologies and future requirements of electrical machine in automotive. First, a comparative of ten different electrical machines based on the market available electrical vehicles and hybrid electrical vehicles is made. The aim of the comparison is to evaluate the different electrical machine topologies, structure, operation conditions, and performance. The future design requirements of electrical machine in automotive are presented and several state-of-art electrical machine design techniques have been explored and studied by employing them in the compared ten machines. The conclusion of this work shows that permanent magnet topologies have the highest performance among the different electrical machine topologies and have the potential to meet the future requirements. In addition, aggressive cooling methods, i.e., spray, dripping, semi- or fully flooded, are needed to allow electrical machines to operate with the required power density target. Finally, the design to recycle concept shows the potential to be implemented in future electrical machines with little or no sacrifice of the performance.
Chest magnetic resonance imaging in cystic fibrosis: technique and clinical benefits
Authors: Gräfe Daniel , Prenzel Freerk , Hirsch Franz Wolfgang
Published: November 2022

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common inherited and life-shortening pulmonary diseases in the Caucasian population. With the widespread introduction of newborn screening and the development of modulator therapy, tremendous advances have been made in recent years both in diagnosis and therapy. Since paediatric CF patients tend to be younger and have lower morbidity, the type of imaging modality that should be used to monitor the disease is often debated. Computed tomography (CT) is sensitive to many pulmonary pathologies, but radiation exposure limits its use, especially in children and adolescents. Conventional pulmonary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a valid alternative to CT and, in most cases, provides sufficient information to guide treatment. Given the expected widespread availability of sequences with ultra-short echo times, there will be even fewer reasons to perform CT for follow-up of patients with CF. This review aims to provide an overview of the process and results of monitoring CF with MRI, particularly for centres not specialising in the disease.
Mortality Rate in Breast Implant Surgery: Is an Additional Procedure Worthwhile to Mitigate BIA-ALCL Risk?
Authors: Santanelli di Pompeo Fabio , Sorotos Michail , Clemens Mark W. , Paolini Guido , Anibaldi Paolo , Davoli Marina , Baglio Giovanni , Pinnarelli Luigi , Ferranti Margherita , Cerza Francesco , Cicala Stefano Domenico , Firmani Guido
Published: November 2022

Background

Because of poor knowledge of risks and benefits, prophylactic explantation of high BIA-ALCL risk breast implant (BI) is not indicated. Several surgical risks have been associated with BI surgery, with mortality being the most frightening. Primary aim of this study is to assess mortality rate in patients undergoing breast implant surgery for aesthetic or reconstructive indication.

Materials and Methods

In this retrospective observational cohort study, Breast Implant Surgery Mortality rate (BISM) was calculated as the perioperative mortality rate among 99,690 patients who underwent BI surgery for oncologic and non-oncologic indications. Mean age at first implant placement (A1P), implant lifespan (IL), and women’s life expectancy (WLE) were obtained from a literature review and population database.

Results

BISM rate was 0, and mean A1P was 34 years for breast augmentation, and 50 years for breast reconstruction. Regardless of indication, overall mean A1P can be presumed to be 39 years, while mean BIL was estimated as 9 years and WLE as 85 years.

Conclusion

This study first showed that the BISM risk is 0. This information, and the knowledge that BI patients will undergo one or more revisional procedures if not explantation during their lifetime, may help surgeons in the decision-making process of a pre-emptive substitution or explant in patients at high risk of BIA-ALCL. Our recommendation is that patients with existing macrotextured implants do have a relative indication for explantation and total capsulectomy. The final decision should be shared between patient and surgeon following an evaluation of benefits, surgical risks and comorbidities.

Level of Evidence IV

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
From Deutsche Zeitschrift to International Journal of Legal Medicine—100 years of legal medicine through the lens of journal articles
Authors: Wirth Ingo , Fracasso Tony , Pfeiffer Heidi , Schmeling Andreas
Published: November 2022

The interruption of the publication of the Deutsche Zeitschrift für die gesamte gerichtliche Medizin due to the war ended with volume 39 for the years 1948/1949. Until volume 66/1969, the journal appeared unchanged under the historical title. The 912 publications contained in the 28 volumes of these two decades cover topics from the main fields of forensic medicine, but also from related and unrelated disciplines. The topic-specific analysis of the publications shows a shift of the research focus in the German institutes since the post-war period. This is most evident in the decline in the number of publications from the fields of scientific and technical criminalistics as well as forensic psychiatry and psychology. An opposite trend with a significant increase in scientific papers was observed in alcohology, forensic genetics and traffic medicine. While the evaluated publications on most topics contain new findings that are still valid today, the use of blood group characteristics for forensic purposes came to an end as a result of the introduction of DNA analysis.
Connectivity of Triangulation Flip Graphs in the Plane
Authors: Wagner Uli , Welzl Emo
Published: November 2022

Given a finite point setPingeneral positionin the plane, afull triangulationofPis a maximal straight-line embedded plane graph on P. Apartial triangulationofPis a full triangulation of some subset$$P'$$P′ofPcontaining all extreme points in P. Abistellar flipon a partial triangulation either flips an edge (callededge flip), removes a non-extreme point of degree 3, or adds a point in$$P \setminus P'$$P\P′as vertex of degree 3. Thebistellar flip graphhas all partial triangulations as vertices, and a pair of partial triangulations is adjacent if they can be obtained from one another by a bistellar flip. Theedge flip graphis defined with full triangulations as vertices, and edge flips determining the adjacencies. Lawson showed in the early seventies that these graphs are connected. The goal of this paper is to investigate the structure of these graphs, with emphasis on their vertex connectivity. For setsPofnpoints in the plane in general position, we show that the edge flip graph is$$\lceil {n}/{2}-2\rceil $$⌈n/2-2⌉-vertex connected, and the bistellar flip graph is$$(n-3)$$(n-3)-vertex connected; both results are tight. The latter bound matches the situation for the subfamily of regular triangulations (i.e., partial triangulations obtained by lifting the points to 3-space and projecting back the lower convex hull), where$$(n-3)$$(n-3)-vertex connectivity has been known since the late eighties through the secondary polytope due to Gelfand, Kapranov, & Zelevinsky and Balinski’s Theorem. For the edge flip-graph, we additionally show that the vertex connectivity is at least as large as (and hence equal to) the minimum degree (i.e., the minimum number of flippable edges in any full triangulation), provided thatnis large enough. Our methods also yield several other results: (i) The edge flip graph can be covered by graphs of polytopes of dimension$$\lceil {n}/{2} -2\rceil $$⌈n/2-2⌉(products of associahedra) and the bistellar flip graph can be covered by graphs of polytopes of dimension$$n-3$$n-3(products of secondary polytopes). (ii) A partial triangulation is regular, if it has distance$$n-3$$n-3in the Hasse diagram of the partial order of partial subdivisions from the trivial subdivision. (iii) All partial triangulations of a point set are regular iff the partial order of partial subdivisions has height$$n-3$$n-3. (iv) There are arbitrarily large setsPwith non-regular partial triangulations and such that every proper subset has only regular triangulations, i.e., there are no small certificates for the existence of non-regular triangulations.
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in Acute Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: A Literature Review
Authors: McRae Jackie , Morgan Sarah , Wallace Emma , Miles Anna
Published: November 2022

Dysphagia (swallowing impairment) is a frequent complication of cervical spinal cord injury (cSCI). Recently published national guidance in the UK on rehabilitation after traumatic injury confirmed that people with cSCI are at risk for dysphagia and require early evaluation while remaining nil by mouth [National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Rehabilitation after traumatic injury (NG211), 2022,https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng21]. While the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of dysphagia in cSCI remains unclear, numerous risk factors have been identified in the literature. This review aims to summarize the literature on the risk factors, presentation, assessment, and management of dysphagia in patients with cSCI. A bespoke approach to dysphagia management, that accounts for the multiple system impairment in cSCI, is presented; the overarching aim of which is to support effective management of dysphagia in patients with cSCI to prevent adverse clinical consequences.
Memory repositioning in soil plasticity models used in contact problems
Authors: Ghorbani Javad , Chen Liuxin , Kodikara Jayantha , Carter John P. , McCartney John S.
Published: November 2022

We aim to enhance the stability of finite element models of dynamic structural contact with multiphase granular soils which are described by advanced soil plasticity models that can simulate monotonic and cyclic behaviour of multiphase soils. Often, numerical oscillations cannot be avoided in these contact models and can cause advanced soil models to significantly overshoot stress, leading to unrealistic discontinuities in the stress paths. This situation can challenge the stability of the stress integration scheme and the global finite element solver and lead to the early termination of the analysis. We specifically address the issue of stress overshooting by presenting novel solutions and the corresponding stress integration schemes for a representative soil model for unsaturated granular soils. Also, several examples are provided to evaluate the integration scheme and show the advantages and limitations of the proposed overshooting solutions in solving a contact-impact problem involving unsaturated granular soils.
Communicative capital: a key resource for human–machine shared agency and collaborative capacity
Authors: Mathewson Kory W. , Parker Adam S. R. , Sherstan Craig , Edwards Ann L. , Sutton Richard S. , Pilarski Patrick M.
Published: November 2022

In this work, we present a perspective on the role machine intelligence can play in supporting human abilities. In particular, we consider research in rehabilitation technologies such as prosthetic devices, as this domain requires tight coupling between human and machine. Taking an agent-based view of such devices, we propose that human–machine collaborations have a capacity to perform tasks which is a result of the combined agency of the human and the machine. We introduce communicative capital as a resource developed by a human and a machine working together in ongoing interactions. Development of this resource enables the partnership to eventually perform tasks at a capacity greater than either individual could achieve alone. We then examine the benefits and challenges of increasing the agency of prostheses by surveying literature which demonstrates that building communicative resources enables more complex, task-directed interactions. The viewpoint developed in this article extends current thinking on how best to support the functional use of increasingly complex prostheses, and establishes insight toward creating more fruitful interactions between humans and supportive, assistive, and augmentative technologies.
Buckling of cracked micro- and nanocantilevers
Authors: Darban Hossein , Luciano Raimondo , Darban Reza
Published: November 2022

The size-dependent buckling problem of cracked micro- and nanocantilevers, which have many applications as sensors and actuators, is studied by the stress-driven nonlocal theory of elasticity and Bernoulli–Euler beam model. The presence of the crack is modeled by assuming that the sections at the left and right sides of the crack are connected by a rotational spring. The compliance of the spring, which relates the slope discontinuity and the bending moment at the cracked cross section, is related to the crack length using the method of energy consideration and the theory of fracture mechanics. The buckling equations of the left and right sections are solved separately, and the variationally consistent and constitutive boundary and continuity conditions are imposed to close the problem. Novel insightful results are presented about the effects of the crack length and location, and the nonlocality on the critical loads and mode shapes, also for higher modes of buckling. The results of the present model converge to those of the intact nanocantilevers when the crack length goes to zero and to those of the large-scale cracked cantilever beams when the nonlocal parameter vanishes.
Does the law matter? An empirical study on the accessibility of Finnish higher education institutions’ web pages
Authors: Laamanen Merja , Ladonlahti Tarja , Puupponen Hannu , Kärkkäinen Tommi
Published: November 2022

Information and communication technology (ICT) has made higher education available to many students in a new way. The role of online learning in higher education institutions (HEIs) has grown to an unprecedented scale due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The diversity of higher education students has increased, and accessible solutions are needed. New European and national regulations support these trends. The research reported in this paper was conducted in Finland, which is one of the leading European countries in terms of high technology and digitalisation. The aim of this research is to explore the accessibility of all Finnish HEIs’ (N = 38) landing pages based on Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1). The situations before and after recent legislation are compared. Previous studies have shown that HEIs’ landing pages typically have many accessibility errors. Unlike previous studies, this study considered the types of accessibility errors at a detailed level to support HEIs’ development and implementation of accessibility standards. A combination of two automated accessibility testing tools was used, and the performance of individual tools was analysed. The results show that HEIs’ landing pages are not accessible and there are enormous differences between institutions. Two clusters of HEIs were found: one with good accessibility in terms of WCAG 2.1’s four principles (perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust), and one with poor accessibility. On half of the HEIs’ landing pages with poor accessibility, the number of errors increased even given the binding nature of the law. Obviously, there is still work to be done. Implications for practice are also discussed.
Designing a surveillance program for early detection of alien plants and insects in Norway
Authors: Sandercock Brett K. , Davey Marie L. , Endrestøl Anders , Blaalid Rakel , Fossøy Frode , Hegre Hanne , Majaneva Markus A. M. , Often Anders , Åström Jens , Jacobsen Rannveig M.
Published: November 2022

Naturalized species of alien plants and animals comprise < 3% of biodiversity recorded in Norway but have had major impacts on natural ecosystems through displacement of native species. Encroachment of alien species has been especially problematic for coastal sites close to transport facilities and urban areas with high density housing. The goal of our field project was to design and test a surveillance program for early detection of alien species of vascular plants and terrestrial insects at the first phase of establishment in natural areas. In our 3-year project (2018–2020), we sampled 60 study plots in three counties in the Oslofjord region of southern Norway. Study plots (6.25 ha) were selected by two criteria: manual selection based on expert opinion (27 plots) or by random selection based on weights from a hotspot analysis of occurrence of alien species (33 plots). Vascular plants were surveyed by two experienced botanists who found a total of 239 alien species of vascular plants in 95 rounds of surveys. Insects and other invertebrates were captured with a single Malaise trap per site, with 3–4 rounds of repeated sampling. We used DNA-metabarcoding to identify invertebrates based on DNA extractions from crushed insects or from the preservative media. Over 3500 invertebrate taxa were detected in 255 rounds of sampling. We recorded 20 alien species of known risk, and 115 species that were new to Norway, including several ‘doorknocker’ species identified by previous risk assessments. We modeled the probabilities of occupancy (ψ) and detection (p) with occupancy models with repeated visits by multiple observers (vascular plants) or multiple rounds of sampling (insects). The two probabilities covaried with risk category for alien organisms and both were low for species categorized as no known or low risk (range = 0.052–0.326) but were higher for species categorized as severe risk (range = 0.318–0.651). Selecting sites at random or manually did not improve the probability of finding novel alien species, but occupancy had a weak positive relationship with housing density for some categories of alien plants and insects. We used our empirical estimates to test alternative sampling designs that would minimize the combined variance of occupancy and detection (A-optimality criterion). Sampling designs with 8–10 visits per site were best for surveillance of new alien species if the probabilities of occupancy and detection were both low, and provided low conditional probabilities of site occupancy ($$\hat{\psi }_{condl}$$

ψ
^

condl

≤ 0.032) and a high probabilities of cumulative detection ($$\hat{p}*$$

p
^

∗

 ≥ 0.943). Our field results demonstrate that early detection is feasible as a key component of a national surveillance program based on early detection and rapid response.
Conservation of endangered galaxiid fishes in the Falkland Islands requires urgent action on invasive brown trout
Authors: Minett J. F. , Fowler D. M. , Jones J. A. H. , Brickle P. , Crossin G. T. , Consuegra S. , Garcia de Leaniz C.
Published: November 2022

Non-native salmonids are protected in the Southern hemisphere where they sustain aquaculture and lucrative sport fisheries, but also impact many native fishes, which poses a conservation conundrum. Legal protection and human-assisted secondary releases may have helped salmonids to spread, but this has seldom been tested. We reconstructed the introduction of brown trout (Salmo trutta) to the Falkland Islands using historical records and modelled its dispersal and probability of invasion using a generalized linear model and Leave One out Cross Validation. Our results indicate that establishment success was ~ 88%, and that dispersal was facilitated over land by proximity to invaded sites and density of stream-road crossings, suggesting it was human assisted. Brown trout have already invaded 54% of Falkland rivers, which are 2.9–4.5 times less likely to contain native galaxiids than uninvaded streams. Without strong containment we predict brown trout will invade nearly all suitable freshwater habitats in the Falklands within the next ~ 70 years, which might put native freshwater fishes at a high risk of extinction.
“It’s cleaner, definitely”: Collaborative Process in Audio Production
Authors: Deacon Thomas , Healey Patrick , Barthet Mathieu
Published: November 2022

Working from vague client instructions, how do audio producers collaborate to diagnose what specifically is wrong with a piece of music, where the problem is and what to do about it? This paper presents a design ethnography that uncovers some of the ways in which two music producers co-ordinate their understanding of complex representations of pieces of music while working together in a studio. Our analysis shows that audio producers constantly make judgements based on audio and visual evidence while working with complex digital tools, which can lead to ambiguity in assessments of issues. We show how multimodal conduct guides the process of work and that complex media objects are integrated as elements of interaction by the music producers. The findings provide an understanding how people currently collaborate when producing audio, to support the design of better tools and systems for collaborative audio production in the future.
The relationship between religiosity and voluntary disclosure quality: a cross-country evidence from the banking sector
Authors: Salem Rami , Ezeani Ernest , Song Xi
Published: November 2022

This study examines whether there is a relationship between religiosity and voluntary disclosure quality (VD_Q). We utilise a three-dimensional approach to capture the VD_Q on an international sample of 1,484 bank-year observations in 12 countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region over 14 years period from 2006 to 2019. Our findings indicate that religiosity is positively associated with banks' VD_Q. Our findings also show that the association between religiosity and VD_Q is more noticeable in banks operating in countries with a low level of legal protection, low level of control of corruption and during the crisis period. We further illustrate that the influence of religiosity is more intense on the spread and usefulness of information dimensions than the quantity dimension. These empirical findings are robust to alternative proxies of religiosity and sample specification. This result supports the notion that religiosity enhances corporate disclosure quality and reduces the asymmetric information gap between managers and outside users of information.
Who funds the production of globally visible research in the Global South?
Authors: Chankseliani Maia
Published: November 2022

There exist large disparities globally when it comes to knowledge production with very small proportions of publications from the majority world penetrating the global science system. This paper examines the Scopus data on the funders of publications (co-)authored by individuals based in the Caucasus or Central Asia. The analysis shows that in the conditions of scarce local funding for research, research activity has been fuelled by international funding. The funding has been rather diverse and originated from 98 countries across North America, Europe, Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, and Australia. The two countries most frequently mentioned in the funding acknowledgements are the United States and the Russian Federation, cumulatively accounting for approximately 20% of funding acknowledgements. Different types of organisations have funded globally visible research produced by authors based in the Caucasus and Central Asia, most notably bilateral agencies (68% of all funding acknowledgements), followed by philanthropies (7%), and multilateral organisations (5%). This paper offers evidence to question the viability of the narrative of North–South divisions in the global science system. While higher education and research are shaped within territorially bounded, self-contained, and discrete spaces of nation-states, the global science system rests on the extensive flows of funding and knowledge which extend well beyond the nation state.
Implication of apoptosis and oxidative stress in mitigation of ivermectin long-term hazards by zinc nanoparticles in male rabbits
Authors: El-Shobokshy Set A. , Abo-Samaha Magda I. , Sahwan Ferial M. , El-Rheem Samia M. Abd , Emam Mohamed , Khafaga Asmaa F.
Published: November 2022

Ivermectin is the medication of choice for treating human onchocerciasis and is used in veterinary medicine to treat a variety of ectoparasites and endoparasites. This study was designed to investigate the effects of zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) on the fertility of male rabbits exposed to experimental ivermectin (IVM) intoxication. A total of 72 mature male rabbits were equally divided into 4 groups (n = 18). The first group (CTR) served as control; the second group (IVM) received subcutaneous injection of IVM (0.2 mg/kg body weight); the third group (ZnNPs) fed on zinc nanoparticles (60 mg/kg diet); and the fourth group (ZnNPs + IVM) were administered IVM and zinc nanoparticles at the same doses. The experiment lasted for 9 weeks. Results revealed that IVM-intoxicated rabbits showed impaired growth performance parameters, including body weight, total body weight gain (TBWG), total feed intake (TFI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Moreover, carcass characteristic and fertility parameters (including semen quality parameters and testosterone levels) were also impaired after IVM administration. Additionally, testicular malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant (reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase) levels as well as the histopathology and immunohistochemical expression of caspase 3 and PCNA in the testes and epididymis were detrimentally affected. On the contrary, ZnNP administration efficiently improved most of these parameters in IVM-intoxicated rabbits. In conclusion, ZnNPs exhibited promising ability for improving the growth and fertility status of rabbits and reducing the deleterious effects of IVM possibly through the suppression of apoptotic and oxidative pathways.

Graphical Abstract
A Contemporary Review of Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Etiology, and Outcomes of Premature Stroke
Authors: Potter Thomas B. H. , Tannous Jonika , Vahidy Farhaan S.
Published: November 2022

Purpose of Review

Recent data identifies increases in young ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. We provide a contemporary overview of current literature on stroke among young patients or premature stroke along with directions for future investigation.

Recent Findings

Strokes in the young are highly heterogenous and often cryptogenic. Sex distribution and risk factors shift from women among the youngest age groups (< 35) to men over the age of 45, with a coinciding rise in traditional vascular risk factors. Incidence is higher in minority and socioeconomically disadvantaged populations, and the impact of stroke among these communities may be exaggerated by disparities in symptom recognition and access to care. Special diagnostic work-up may be needed, and a lower threshold for diagnosis is warranted as potential misdiagnosis is a concern and may preclude necessary triage and management.

Although “premature strokes” form a relatively small proportion of total incidence, they vary greatly across subgroups and present an outsized impact on quality of life and productivity.
Quadratic Sparse Domination and Weighted Estimates for Non-integral Square Functions
Authors: Bailey Julian , Brocchi Gianmarco , Reguera Maria Carmen
Published: November 2022

We prove a quadratic sparse domination result for general non-integral square functions S. That is, for $$p_0 \in [1,2)$$

p
0

∈

[
1
,
2
)

and $$q_0 \in (2,\infty ]$$

q
0

∈

(
2
,
∞
]

, we prove an estimate of the form "Equation missing"where $$q_{0}^{*}$$

q

0

∗

is the Hölder conjugate of $$q_{0}/2$$

q
0

/
2

, M is the underlying doubling space and $${\mathcal {S}}$$
S
is a sparse collection of cubes on M. Our result will cover both square functions associated with divergence form elliptic operators and those associated with the Laplace–Beltrami operator. This sparse domination allows us to derive optimal norm estimates in the weighted space $$L^{p}(w)$$

L
p

(
w
)

.
Wissensstand und Informationsbedarfe von Pflegefachkräften zum Hygienemanagement in Wohngemeinschaften der außerklinischen Intensivpflege
Authors: Berger Stefanie , Brandauer Anna , Freywald Nicole , Höppchen Isabel , Kutschar Patrick , Strobl Annemarie , Walter Carola , Gnass Irmela
Published: November 2022

Hintergrund

Das Thema Wissen zu Hygiene und Hygienemanagement von Pflegefachkräften in der außerklinischen Intensivpflege zeigt sich in der Literatur als unterrepräsentiert. Gleichzeitig spielt das Hygienemanagement in der außerklinischen Intensivpflege eine wichtige Rolle.

Ziel der Arbeit

Die Studie untersucht den von den Pflegefachkräften selbst eingeschätzten Wissensstand zum Thema Hygiene und Infektionen bei Menschen mit Beatmungsbedarf, den Einfluss personenbezogener Charakteristika sowie Setting- und Klient*innenbezogene Herausforderungen und Informationsbedarfe im außerklinischen Pflegealltag.

Methode

Eine standardisierte Befragung von Pflegefachkräften fand online und papierbasiert statt. Die Analyse erfolgte deskriptiv und mittels multipler linearer Regressionen.

Ergebnisse

Die Ergebnisse machen deutlich, dass der Wissensstand zu hygienespezifischen Themen von den Pflegefachkräften selbst zwischen sehr gut und gut eingeschätzt wird. Je mehr Fort- und Weiterbildungen eine Person hat, desto besser wird das subjektive Wissen zu Personalhygiene, medizinisch-pflegerischen Maßnahmen und Infektionsinterventionen eingeschätzt. Als die drei häufigsten Herausforderungen im Pflegealltag nennen Pflegefachkräfte Kommunikation und Abstimmung mit Angehörigen, die Versorgung von Klient*innen mit multiresistenter Keimbesiedelung und die Verfügbarkeit von Materialressourcen.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Ergebnisse zeigen die Relevanz von Fortbildungen für Pflegefachkräfte im Bereich des Hygienemanagements. Setting-spezifische Angebote sollten daher entwickelt, adaptiert und umgesetzt werden.
Challenges of anticipation of future decisions in dementia and dementia research
Authors: Perry Julia
Published: November 2022

Anticipation of future decisions can be important for individuals at risk for diseases to maintain autonomy over time. For future treatment and care decisions, advance care planning is accepted as a useful anticipation tool. As research with persons with dementia seems imperative to develop disease-modifying interventions, and with changing regulations regarding research participation in Germany, advance research directives (ARDs) are considered a solution to include persons with dementia in research in an ethically sound manner. However, little is known about what affected people deem anticipatable.

This contribution provides a critical reflection of the literature on anticipation and of a qualitative study on the assessment of ARDs with persons with cognitive impairment in Germany. It combines theoretical and empirical reflections to inform the ethical-legal discourse.

Anticipation involves the conceptual separation of the past, the present, and the future. Including dimensions such aspreparedness,injunction, andoptimizationhelps in establishing a framework for anticipatory decision-making. While dementia may offer a window of time to consider future decisions, individual beliefs about dementia including fears about stigma, loss of personhood, and solitude strongly impact anticipating sentiments. Concepts of anticipation can be useful for the examination of uncertainty, changing values, needs, and preferences interconnected with the dementia trajectory and can serve as a means to make an uncertain future more concrete. However, fears of losing one’s autonomy in the process of dementia also apply to possibilities of anticipation as these require cognitive assessment and reassessment of an imagined future with dementia.
Performance enhancement of Sb2Se3-based solar cell with hybrid buffer layer and MoSe2 as a hole transport material using simulator device
Authors: TEYOU NGOUPO Ariel , NDJAKA Jean-Marie Bienvenu
Published: November 2022

In this work, we first compared the experimental and simulated J-V characteristics of the Sb2Se3-based solar cell without and with a hybrid buffer layer using SCAPS-1D software. The introduction of a second buffer layer reduces the current leakage caused at the front contact of the solar cell and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) increases from 3.75% to 5.18%; and the use of the ternary compound cadmium zinc sulfide (CdZnS), as an alternative electron transport layer (ETL) to the traditional cadmium sulfide (CdS), increases the PCE from 5.18% to 7.13%. Thereafter, different thicknesses of the SnO2/CdZnS hybrid buffer layer were simulated, and the optimization resulted in a value of 50 nm, with thicknesses of 10 nm and 40 nm for the SnO2 and CdZnS layers respectively. Furthermore, the optimization of the Sb2Se3 absorber allows to obtain a bulk defect density of 1011 cm−3 and a carrier capture cross section of 10–14 cm2. Finally, the low doping problem of the absorber is solved by forming a MoSe2 layer at the Sb2Se3/Mo interface. MoSe2 acts as a hole transport material (HTM) and is used for high mobility of charge carriers within it; moreover, its presence improves the performance of the Sb2Se3-based solar cell and a PCE of 18.77% (JSC = 34.37 mA/cm2, VOC = 660 mV, FF = 82.78%) is obtained. Our simulation results also show that the n-i-p configuration of the Sb2Se3-based solar cell is more stable.
Factors associated with premenstrual syndrome of emergency nurse: A multicenter study in China
Authors: Chen Yiqian , Yang Xin , Li Xiaodan , Wei Xiaoting , Bai Lianhua
Published: November 2022

Objective

To study the factors associated with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in emergency department (ED) nurses.

Methods

A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in female ED nurses in China. Data gathering questionnaires included the Daily Record of Severity of Problems, Chinese Nurses Stressor Scale, Social Support Rating Scale, and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale. All questionnaires were used to assess the symptoms prospectively over 2 months.

Results

A total of 289 ED nurses were recruited. The incidence of PMS was 67.47%. The most common symptoms were tiredness (76.90%), anger (76.90%), restlessness (75.40%), snoring (69.20%). Univariate analysis showed that the BMI and occupational stress score was significantly higher, and the age was significantly younger in the PMS group compared with the non-PMS group. According to the multiple linear regression, the symptoms of PMS were positively associated with the occupational stress score and anxiety score, and negatively with the level of education received.

Conclusions

occupational stress, anxiety, and education level may associated with the occurrence of PMS in ED nurses.
“Research Jam”: Engaging patients and other stakeholders through human-centered design to improve translational research
Authors: Wiehe Sarah E. , Moore Courtney M. , Lynch Dustin O. , Claxton Gina , Bauer Nerissa S. , Sanematsu Helen
Published: November 2022

Effective stakeholder engagement increases research relevance and utility. Though published principles of community-based participatory research and patient-centered outcomes research offer guidance, few resources offer effective techniques to engage stakeholders and translate their engagement into improvements in research process and outcomes. The Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute (Indiana CTSI) is home to Research Jam (RJ), an interdisciplinary team of researchers, project management professionals, and design experts, that employs human-centered design (HCD) to engage stakeholders in the research process. Establishing HCD services at the Indiana CTSI has allowed for accessible and innovative stakeholder-engaged research. RJ offers services for stakeholder-informed study design, measurement, implementation, and dissemination. RJ’s services are in demand to address research barriers pertaining to a diverse array of health topics and stakeholder groups. As a result, the RJ team has grown significantly with both institutional and extramural support. Researchers involved in RJ projects report that working with RJ helped them learn how to better engage with stakeholders in research and changed the way they approach working with stakeholders. RJ can serve as a potential model for effectively engaging stakeholders through HCD to improve translational research.