bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advancements and prospects in building information modeling (BIM) for construction: a review
Authors: Cassandro Jacopo , Mirarchi Claudio , Gholamzadehmir Maryam , Pavan Alberto
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The paper clarifies research gaps and future directions in building information modeling (BIM) research by analyzing research trends and publication patterns. It aims to (1) systematically categorize the vast array of BIM literature into coherent main topics, (2) identify the most and least explored areas and (3) propose directions for future research based on identified research gaps.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) method to manage large datasets and uncover hidden patterns in academic journals and conference articles. To clarify the scholarly focus, the main topics in BIM research are categorized into three groups: (1) primary areas of focus, (2) moderately explored topics and (3) least investigated topics.

Findings

The findings revealed 10 main topics (MTs) and 57 subtopics (STs), identifying key areas such as project design and management (20%), innovative construction technology (14%) and sustainable construction/life cycle management (14%). Conversely, it also highlighted underexplored areas like Facility/safety management and urban data development, suitable for future research.

Research limitations/implications

While this work provides a structured overview of the BIM domain, it reveals opportunities for further exploring the complexity of the interrelation among interdisciplinary topics.

Originality/value

The novelty of this study is its extensive scope, analyzing over fifteen thousand BIM articles from 2013 to 2023, which significantly expands the literature scale previously reviewed. This comprehensive approach maps BIM research trends and gaps and also shows the hierarchical trend line of publications in each main topic, setting a benchmark for future studies.
MHD conjugate mixed convection along with internal heat generation and Joule heating in a closed/open cavity with rotating solid cylinder
Authors: Hasan Nahid , Saha Sumon
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) conjugate pure mixed convection considering interior heat production and resistive heating inside a square closed/open cavity featuring a rotating cylinder for aiding (clockwise) and opposing (counterclockwise) flow configurations. Moreover, the impacts of altering cylinder size and conductivity on the system’s overall performance to determine optimum conditions are examined in this investigation.

Design/methodology/approach

The closed chamber is differentially heated by keeping high and low temperatures at the vertical boundaries. In contrast, the open cavity has a heated left wall and an open right boundary. The Galerkin finite element method is used to solve the Navier–Stokes and the thermal energy equations, which construct the present study’s mathematical framework. Numerical simulations are conducted for the specified ranges of several controlling parameters: Reynolds (31.62 ≤ Re ≤ 1000), Grashof (103 ≤ Gr ≤ 106) and Hartmann numbers (0 ≤ Ha ≤ 31.62), and volumetric heat generation coefficient (Δ = 0, 3).

Findings

When Gr, Re and Ha simultaneously increase, the average Nusselt number along the warmed boundary rises accordingly. Conversely, interior heat production lowers heat transmission within the computational domain, which is also monitored regarding mean fluid temperature, overall entropy production and thermal performance criterion. Finally, the open cavity confirms better thermal performance than the closed cavity.

Originality/value

Comprehending the impacts of the magnetic field, Joule heating, internal heat generation and enclosed or open boundary on pure MHD combined free-forced convective flow offers valuable understandings of temperature fluctuations, velocity propagations, heat transport and irretrievable energy loss in numerous engineering applications.
The workplace crescendo: unveiling the positive dynamics of high-performance work systems, flourishing at work and psychological capital
Authors: Peethambaran Meera , Naim Mohammad Faraz
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The primary purpose of the study is to explore the evolving landscape of the contemporary workplace, specifically focusing on the role of high-performance work system (HPWS) and its positive relationship with job performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on an extensive literature review method. The research adopts a positive psychological approach to unravel the underlying mechanism by which HPWS influences job performance. The study employs an integrative framework that is firmly rooted in the conservation of resources theory, broaden-and-build theory, and social exchange theory.

Findings

The findings of the study reveal that HPWS functions as a resource acquisition platform, fostering employees' psychological capital (PsyCap). This, in turn, leads to a state of complete well-being (FAW) characterized by positive emotions and optimal functioning. Importantly, this state of well-being broadens personal resources, ultimately sustaining high job performance.

Practical implications

The study highlights the significance of aligning HPWS practices with PsyCap and positive work experiences such as flourishing. Understanding the optimized job performance that results from a positive work environment and the cultivation of PsyCap can guide organizations in enhancing their human resource strategies.

Originality/value

The study adds value by providing a positive psychological mechanism connecting HPWS and Job performance. So far none of the studies have explored a positive psychological mechanism connecting these variables.
A model of care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander prisoner health and wellbeing in South Australia
Authors: Sivak Leda , Cantley Luke , Reilly Rachel , Kelly Janet , Hawke Karen , Stewart Harold , Mott Kathy , McKivett Andrea , Rankine Shereen , Miller Waylon , Towers Kurt , Brown Alex
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Aboriginal) people are overrepresented in Australian prisons, where they experience complex health needs. A model of care was designed to respond to the broad needs of the Aboriginal prisoner population within the nine adult prisons across South Australia. The purpose of this paper is to describe the methods and findings of the Model of Care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Prisoner Health and Wellbeing for South Australia.

Design/methodology/approach

The project used a qualitative mixed-method approach, including a rapid review of relevant literature, stakeholder consultations and key stakeholder workshop. The project was overseen by a Stakeholder Reference Group, which met monthly to ensure that the specific needs of project partners, stakeholders and Aboriginal communities were appropriately incorporated into the planning and management of the project and to facilitate access to relevant information and key informants.

Findings

The model of care for Aboriginal prisoner health and wellbeing is designed to be holistic, person-centred and underpinned by the provision of culturally appropriate care. It recognises that Aboriginal prisoners are members of communities both inside and outside of prison. It notes the unique needs of remanded and sentenced prisoners and differing needs by gender.

Social implications

Supporting the health and wellbeing of Indigenous prison populations can improve health outcomes, community health and reduce recidivism.

Originality/value

Only one other model of care for Aboriginal prisoner health exists in Australia, an Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation-initiated in-reach model of care in one prison in one jurisdiction. The South Australian model of care presents principles that are applicable across all jurisdictions and provides a framework that could be adapted to support Indigenous peoples in diverse prison settings.
A multi-criteria expert-based framework for developing a work stress-management support tool
Authors: Ahmadi Mojtaba , Babamiri Mohammad , Shabani Mehrane
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop a multi-criteria-based scoring model to upgrade the work stress prevention checkpoints to a stress-management tool for estimating the risk score of the workplace’s stressors and prioritizing the control solutions.

Design/methodology/approach

A Panel of ten experts was formed and capitalized on Fuzzy Delphi, Fuzzy DEMATEL, and SWARA methods to discover the decision criteria, obtain the weights of the checkpoints’ dimensions, and develop the system to be used in an organization. The developed tool is finally applied in an organization as a case study.

Findings

Five criteria, namely Intellectual, Physical, Emotional, Behavioral, and Organizational reactions were found with respect to which the dimensions were prioritized. Generally, the heaviest weight belonged to “Job demand” by 0.13, followed by “Work-life balance and working times”, “Social support”, “Leadership and justice at work”, “Job control”, and “Job security” with weights of 0.118, 0.116, 0.114, 0.11, and 0.1, respectively. The “information and communication” had the lowest weight by 0.062.

Practical implications

It was found that multiple stress-related factors have different importance that can be considered in work-related stress (WRS) assessments. To this end, combining MCDM methods is a suitable approach to determine the factors’ importance coefficients.

Originality/value

This tool allows an organization to control work stress on the basis of one particular criterion or multiple criteria. The case study results showed that this tool makes the implementation of corrective measures much easier to manage based on the risk level of each dimension.
What influences the use of seclusion? A cross-sectional study of forensic mental health nurses in a UK high secure hospital
Authors: Tulloch Lindsay , Walker Helen , Ion Robin
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Incidents of violence and aggression are a regular occurrence within adult forensic mental health inpatient settings and often lead to the use of restrictive practices such as seclusion. Such events are frequently attributed to the complexity of the patients. Research commonly focuses on patient’s characteristics and their association with seclusion use. Less attention has been centred on forensic mental health nurses’ attitudes to seclusion and the association of nursing staff characteristics.

Design/methodology/approach

A cross-sectional survey was undertaken using a standardised questionnaire, “Survey of Nurses’ Attitudes to Seclusion”. Responses were received from n = 147 nurses at a high secure forensic mental health hospital in the UK.

Findings

Key findings indicate that most participants believed seclusion should remain part of clinical practice. A correlation was identified between forensic mental health nurses’ attitudes to seclusion use and their characteristics: gender, age range, educational level and experience.

Practical implications

This paper presents novel information on seclusion reduction opportunities through modifiable workforce factors such as gender-sensitive rostering and staff training and development. Furthermore, recruitment and retention strategies should be prioritised so forensic mental health is perceived as an attractive career and a safe workplace.

Originality/value

The paucity of research in this area has prompted calls for further research to explore nursing staff characteristics and seclusion use. This is particularly important now due to the current global difficulty in the recruitment and retention of mental health nurses.
Promoting well-being through happiness at work: a systematic literature review and future research agenda
Authors: Jaswal Nidhi , Sharma Dipanker , Bhardwaj Bhawana , Kraus Sascha
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Our study aims to understand what is known about happiness at work (HAW) in terms of publication, citations, dimensions and characteristics, as well as how knowledge about HAW is generated regarding theoretical frameworks, context and methods. Additionally, it explores future directions for HAW research.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper conducts a systematic literature review of 56 empirical articles published between 2000 and 2022 to comprehensively explore HAW. It examines publication trends, citation patterns, dimensions, characteristics, theoretical frameworks, contextual factors and research methodologies employed in HAW studies.

Findings

Our findings suggest that while HAW research has gained momentum, there is still a need for exploration, particularly in developing countries. Various theoretical frameworks such as the job demand-resources model, social exchange theory and broaden-and-build theory are identified, with suggestions for the adoption of less popular theories like the positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning and accomplishment (PERMA) model and flow theory for future investigations. The review contributes to workplace happiness literature by offering a comprehensive analysis spanning two decades and provides valuable insights for guiding future research toward exploring factors influencing employee well-being.

Originality/value

Our article offers a structured analysis of HAW literature, emphasizing the necessity for more extensive research, especially in developing nations. It provides valuable insights into the theories and dimensions associated with HAW, guiding future research and assisting organizations in formulating strategies to enhance employee happiness and overall well-being.
Heterogeneous risk disclosure and earnings management motivation: evidence from China’s IPO market
Authors: He Xiqiong , Wang Sibo , Liu Hao , Liu Jiayi
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Heterogeneous risk disclosure has been proven to improve the efficiency of new stock issuance, but excessive risk disclosure during the IPO may lead to irrational underestimation of the company, which is different from the original intention of management's detailed disclosure. Therefore, this study aims to examine the impact of IPO heterogeneous risk disclosure on earnings management motivations from the information transfer perspective of earnings management.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample includes 2,000 listed companies listed firms on Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges from 2007 to 2022. This study uses the pretrained ERNIE model to measure text similarity in the prospectus to measure the heterogeneity of IPO risk disclosure.

Findings

This study empirically finds that heterogeneous IPO risk disclosure suppresses the opportunistic motivation of earnings management because managers tend to use earnings management to leverage information transmission functions. Such an effect is more pronounced in firms with higher analyst attention, lower marketization levels and non-state-owned. And heterogeneous risk disclosure may inhibit management’s over-investment behavior, thereby reducing the possibility of management engaging in opportunistic earnings management. Besides, price discounts are used to distinguish opportunistic and non-opportunistic earnings management and carry out a quasi-natural experimental design to demonstrate that marketization can enhance the relationship between heterogeneous risk disclosure and earnings management.

Originality/value

This study contributes evidence regarding the economic consequences of managerial earnings management behavior related to heterogeneous IPO risk disclosure. It supports highlighted firms in the IPO risk information disclosure to mitigate potential adverse outcomes through earnings management. This contributes to the literature and enhances information transparency in the capital market, fostering the healthy development of China’s capital market.
High school teachers’ perceptions of technology integration in instruction
Authors: Sellami Abdellatif , Santhosh Malavika E. , Bhadra Jolly , Ahmad Zubair
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This exploratory research intends to comprehend the perspectives of high school teachers toward incorporating technology in instruction.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing upon Davis’s technology acceptance model as a theoretical framework, this study examines several aspects, including teachers’ access to and ease of using technology, as well as the support provided by educational institutions for the integration of technology in teaching. The quantitative data analysis (reliability tests, descriptive statistics, Mann–Whitney test) was computed via Statistical Package for the Social Science software. Furthermore, the study uses structural equation modeling to validate and substantiate the relationships (path analytical model) between the examined variables.

Findings

The key finding points to the fact that female teachers have statistically significant positive beliefs toward technology usage/integration in instruction than their counterparts (i.e. male teachers) (p < 0.01). Even though there exists no significant difference in computer usage/integration of teachers across age, nationality, grade, educational level and years of teaching experience, findings demonstrated the impulse of assisting and acclimating high school teachers to use technology in their education. Conclusively, the study culminates with future scope, considering the derived findings.

Originality/value

The study illustrates a validated framework (through path analytical modeling) for teachers’ technology integration in instructions. It highlights that the extent to which teachers use technology in the classroom is impacted by factors such as their accessibility to technology, comfort with its usage and the level of institutional support they receive for integration.
Effect of degree of saturation on stresses and pore water pressure in the subgrade layer caused by railway track loading
Authors: Fattah Mohammed Y. , Majeed Qutaiba G. , Joni Hassan H.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The experiments of this study investigated the effect of the subgrade degree of saturation on the value of the stresses generated on the surface and the middle (vertical and lateral stresses). The objectives of this study can be identified by studying the effect of subgrade layer degree of saturation variation, load amplitude and load frequency on the transmitted stresses through the ballast layer to the subgrade layer and the stress distribution inside it and investigating the excess pore water pressure development in the clay layer in the case of a fully saturated subgrade layer and the change in matric suction in the case of an unsaturated subgrade layer.

Design/methodology/approach

Thirty-six laboratory experiments were conducted using approximately half-scale replicas of real railways, with an iron box measuring 1.5 x 1.0 × 1.0 m. Inside the box, a 0.5 m thick layer of clay soil representing the base layer was built. Above it is a 0.2 m thick ballast layer made of crushed stone, and on top of that is a 0.8 m long rail line supported by three 0.9 m (0.1 × 0.1 m) slipper beams. The subgrade layer has been built at the following various saturation levels: 100, 80, 70 and 60%. Experiments were conducted with various frequencies of 1, 2 and 4 Hz with load amplitudes of 15, 25 and 35 kN.

Findings

The results of the study demonstrated that as the subgrade degree of saturation decreased from 100 to 60%, the ratio of stress in the lateral direction to stress in the vertical direction generated in the middle of the subgrade layer decreased as well. On average, this ratio changed from approximately 0.75 to approximately 0.65.

Originality/value

The study discovered that as the test proceeded and the number of cycles increased, the value of negative water pressure (matric suction) in the case of unsaturated subgrade soils declined. The frequency of loads had no bearing on the ratio of decline in matric suction values, which was greater under a larger load amplitude than a lower one. As the test progressed (as the number of cycles increased), the matric suction dropped. For larger load amplitudes, there is a greater shift in matric suction. The change in matric suction is greater at higher saturation levels than it is at lower saturation levels. Furthermore, it is seen that the load frequency value has no bearing on how the matric suction changes. For all load frequencies and subgrade layer saturation levels, the track panel settlement rises with the load amplitude. Higher load frequency and saturation levels have a greater impact.
Wassach: firearms enchantment and ‘gun culture’ in an Israel Defense Forces reserve combat unit
Authors: Stern Nehemia , Ben‐Shalom Uzi
Published: July 2024

This article focuses on the ‘enchanted’ materiality of state militarism by offering an anthropological analysis of ‘gun culture’ within the reservist ranks of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). Through primarily ethnographic observations of one reserve combat unit over the span of a decade, we will argue that the ways in which firearms are handled by individual soldiers symbolically mirrors much broader strategic and political tensions between two competing forms of organizational logic. On the one hand, there is what can be described as an enchanted allure with the tools of violence. This may include personal excitement around the expectation of combat, learned experience, and a curiosity regarding the weapons of war. On the other hand, there is a broader institutional and professionalizing tendency towards disciplining these individualistic modalities by distancing soldiers from both the tools and the results of battle itself. Ultimately, we argue that while the IDF may seek to harness individual enchanted engagements with firearms to further militaristic goals, on the ground, this process occurs amidst a stark clash of institutional logics and a good deal of ambivalence around the nature of warfare and uncertainty about the ethos of violence.
Proposing an ethics of care: Tracing Victoria's transport planning history
Authors: Legacy Crystal , Clements Rebecca , Woodcock Ian , Whitten James
Published: July 2024

This paper examines the question what kind of ethics prevail in contemporary urban transport planning and what potential does an ethics of care hold for practice? Researchers have given ample attention to the need for better governance and coordination, and despite acknowledging the need to reduce reliance on private cars, little has been said by them about what ethics can or should guide planning to bring about such frameworks for caring. This area of research merits urgent work given our collective need to address the socio‐spatial, climate, and health impacts of car dependence. Taking as our focus transport planning in Victoria, Australia, we consider how an ethics of care could open new ways to redress how transport planning has perpetuated injustices in metropolitan Melbourne. We draw on secondary research to consider both the conditions that cultivated the current transport planning landscape and pathways for possible change that lie ahead. The research highlights opportunities to consider care as an ethical framework for transport planning that could amplify justice and equity claims in urban transport planning for Australian cities and that has salience for other cities elsewhere.
Palm‐based nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) in carotenoid encapsulation and its incorporation into margarine‐like reduced fat spread as fat replacer
Authors: Bernice Qiao Qing Low , Chong Wai Ting , Thilakarathna R. C. N. , Tong Shi Cheng , Tang Teck‐Kim , Phuah Eng‐Tong , Lee Yee‐Ying
Published: July 2024

Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) from plant biomass is becoming popular, attributed to the protective encapsulation of bioactive compounds in Pickering emulsion, preventing degradation and stabilizing the emulsion. NFC, as a natural dietary fiber, is a prominent fat replacer, providing a quality enhancement to reduced‐fat products. In this study, NFC Pickering emulsions were prepared at NFC concentrations of 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1% to encapsulate carotenoids. The NFC Pickering emulsions at NFC concentrations of 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1% were incorporated into margarine‐like reduced fat (3%) spreads as the aqueous phase. Characterization of both NFC Pickering emulsion and the incorporated NFC Pickering emulsion, margarine‐like reduced fat spreads, was conducted with mastersizer, rheometer, spectrophotometer, and texture analyzer. The particle size (73.67 ± 0.35 to 94.73 ± 2.21 nm), viscosity (138.36 ± 3.35 to 10545.00 ± 567.10 mPa s), and creaming stability (25% to 100% stable) of the NFC Pickering emulsions were increased significantly when increasing the NFC concentration, whereas the encapsulation efficiency was highest at NFC 0.4% and 0.6%. Although imitating the viscoelastic solid‐like behavior of margarine was difficult, the NFC Pickering emulsion properties were still able to enhance hardness, slip melting point, and color of the reduced fat spreads compared to the full‐fat margarine, especially at 0.6% of NFC. Overall, extensive performances of NFC can be seen in encapsulating carotenoids, especially at NFC concentrations of 0.4% and 0.6%, with the enhancement of Pickering emulsion stability while portraying futuristic possibilities as a fat replacer in margarine optimally at 0.6% of NFC concentration.

Practical Application

Nanocellulose extracted from palm dried long fiber was utilized to encapsulate carotenoids and replace fats in margarine‐like reduced fat (3%) spreads. Our study portrayed high encapsulation efficiency and successful fat replacement with promising stability performances. Hence, nanocellulose displayed extensive potential as encapsulating agents and fat replacers while providing quality and sustainability enhancements in reduced‐fat food.
Photoprotective activities of Capsosiphon fulvescens in UVB‐induced SKH‐1 mice and human keratinocytes
Authors: Seo Jiwon , Jeong Chanhyeok , Choi Won Jo , Park Jung Han Yoon , Lee Chang Hyung , Lee Ki Won
Published: July 2024

Capsosiphon fulvescens (CF) is a green alga widely consumed in East Asian countries, particularly in Korea. It has a rich composition of vitamins, minerals, dietary fibers, and bioactive compounds, which contribute to its multiple therapeutic properties. Its application ranges from acting as an antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory agent to supporting the skin system. Despite these benefits of CF, the effects and mechanisms of action related to photoaging of the skin have not yet been elucidated. To investigate the photoprotective effects of CF against photoaging, both animal (SKH‐1 mouse) and cell models (HaCaT cell line) were used in this study. As a result, administering the CF extract over a period of 10 weeks, which included times of Ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure, significantly reduced erythema and various UVB‐induced skin changes, such as wrinkle formation, and the thickening of the epidermis and dermis, as well as alterations in the length and depth of wrinkles. Furthermore, our investigation into CF extract's antiwrinkle properties revealed its efficacy in enhancing skin hydration and collagen content, counteracting the collagen depletion and moisture loss induced by UVB radiation. Also, the fact that the levels of p‐ERK, p‐p38, and p‐JNK proteins went down shows that the CF extract might have a controlling effect on the MAPK signaling pathways. Our findings suggest that CF holds significant potential for preventing photoaging, providing a foundation for the development of functional foods or botanical drugs targeting skin aging and related skin disorders.

Practical Application

This research proved that Capsosiphon fulvescen, a green alga widely consumed in East Asian countries, provides photoprotective activities against UV‐induced skin aging. Therefore, Capsosiphon fulvescen can be utilized as functional foods or botanical drugs targeting skin aging and related skin disorders.
Alpha‐ketoglutarate ameliorates age‐related and surgery induced temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis via regulating IKK/NF‐κB signaling
Authors: Ye Xiaoping , Li Xinping , Qiu Jin , Kuang Yiwen , Hua Bingqiang , Liu Xianwen
Published: July 2024

Recent studies have shed light on the important role of aging in the pathogenesis of joint degenerative diseases and the anti‐aging effect of alpha‐ketoglutarate (αKG). However, whether αKG has any effect on temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that αKG administration improves condylar cartilage health of middle‐aged/aged mice, and ameliorates pathological changes in a rat model of partial discectomy (PDE) induced TMJOA. In vitro, αKG reverses IL‐1β‐induced/H2O2‐induced decrease of chondrogenic markers (Col2, Acan and Sox9), and inhibited IL‐1β‐induced/ H2O2‐induced elevation of cartilage catabolic markers (ADAMTS5 and MMP13) in condylar chondrocytes. In addition, αKG downregulates senescence‐associated (SA) hallmarks of aged chondrocytes, including the mRNA/protein level of SA genes (p16 and p53), markers of nuclear disorders (Lamin A/C) and SA‐β‐gal activities. Mechanically, αKG decreases the expressions of p‐IKK and p‐NF‐κB, protecting TMJ from inflammation and senescence‐related damage by regulating the NF‐κB signaling. Collectively, our findings illuminate that αKG can ameliorate age‐related TMJOA and PDE‐induced TMJOA, maintain the homeostasis of cartilage matrix, and exert anti‐aging effects in chondrocytes, with a promising therapeutic potential in TMJOA, especially age‐related TMJOA.
Neurosteroid [3α,5α]3‐hydroxypregnan‐20‐one inhibition of chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 in alcohol‐preferring rat brain neurons, microglia, and astroglia
Authors: Chéry Samantha Lucenell , O'Buckley Todd K. , Boero Giorgia , Balan Irina , Morrow A. Leslie
Published: July 2024

Background

Neuroimmune dysfunction in alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with activation of myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88)‐dependent Toll‐like receptors (TLR) resulting in overexpression of the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1/CCL2). MCP‐1 overexpression in the brain is linked to anxiety, higher alcohol intake, neuronal death, and activation of microglia observed in AUD. The neurosteroid [3α,5α][3‐hydroxypregnan‐20‐one (3α,5α‐THP) has been reported as an inhibitor of MyD88‐dependent TLR activation and MCP‐1 overexpression in mouse and human macrophages and the brain of alcohol‐preferring (P) rats.

Methods

We investigated how 3α,5α‐THP regulates MCP‐1 expression at the cellular level in P rat nucleus accumbens (NAc) and central amygdala (CeA). We focused on neurons, microglia, and astrocytes, examining the individual voxel density of MCP‐1, neuronal marker NeuN, microglial marker IBA1, astrocytic marker GFAP, and their shared voxel density, defined as intersection. Ethanol‐naïve male and female P rats were perfused 1 h after IP injections of 15 mg/kg of 3α,5α‐THP, or vehicle. The NAc and CeA were imaged using confocal microscopy following double‐immunofluorescence staining for MCP‐1 with NeuN, IBA1, and GFAP, respectively.

Results

MCP‐1 intersected with NeuN predominantly and IBA1/GFAP negligibly. 3α,5α‐THP reduced MCP‐1 expression in NeuN‐labeled cells by 38.27 ± 28.09% in male and 56.11 ± 21.46% in female NAc, also 37.99 ± 19.53% in male and 54.96 ± 30.58% in female CeA. In females, 3α,5α‐THP reduced the MCP‐1 within IBA1 and GFAP‐labeled voxels in the NAc and CeA. Conversely, in males, 3α,5α‐THP did not significantly alter the MCP‐1 within IBA1 in NAc or with GFAP in the CeA. Furthermore, 3α,5α‐THP decreased levels of IBA1 in both regions and sexes with no impact on GFAP or NeuN levels. Secondary analysis performed on data normalized to % control values indicated that no significant sex differences were present.

Conclusions

These data suggest that 3α,5α‐THP inhibits neuronal MCP‐1 expression and decreases the proliferation of microglia in P rats. These results increase our understanding of potential mechanisms for 3α,5α‐THP modulation of ethanol consumption.
Comments on recent International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants Exposure Drafts regarding sustainability assurance and the use of external experts
Authors: Hay David , Harding Noel , Botica Redmayne Nives , Khan Jahanzeb , Singh Harjinder , Sultana Nigar , You Jean
Published: July 2024

We commend the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants for the initiative in releasing the two related Exposure Drafts regarding sustainability assurance and the use of external experts. There is a need for assurance over sustainability information, and for that assurance to be provided by professional people who have the appropriate guidance on ethical issues. There is an increasing need to draw on the work of experts and an increasing possibility that inappropriate reliance on that work by professional accountants and sustainability assurance practitioners may threaten compliance with the fundamental principles of the code of ethics.
A promising approach utilising photothermal energy to disinfect the root canal system: An in vitro investigation
Authors: Auerbach Daniela , Alaugaily Ibrahim , Davis Scott , Azim Adham A.
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to assess root canal disinfection through various irrigation protocols, including a novel photothermal system called ‘LEAP’. Mandibular premolars were infected with Enterococcus faecalis and divided into five groups for different treatments: Group 1: standard needle irrigation; Group 2: passive ultrasonic irrigation; Group 3: GentleWave; Group 4: LEAP; and Group 5: Group 1 + Group 4. Microbial counts were measured before (S1) and after disinfection (S2) using colony‐forming units (CFU) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Results revealed a significant reduction in bacterial counts for all groups (p < 0.05). While the percentage of dead bacteria near the canal wall (0–50 μm) did not differ significantly, at 50–150 μm, LEAP and SNI + LEAP exhibited significantly higher bacterial reduction than other groups (p < 0.05). The findings indicate that LEAP is comparable to existing irrigation devices in the main root canal and notably superior in tubular disinfection.
Initial experience of minimally invasive mesh explantation for inguinodynia
Authors: Wiener Jonathan , Novis Elan , Rabindran Joel , Fenton‐Lee Douglas
Published: July 2024

Background

Chronic pain after minimally invasive inguinal hernia repair with mesh can have debilitating effects on quality of life (QOL), limiting daily activities and ability to work. Many medical and surgical options for treatment have been proposed, however there is no consensus on the role of mesh explantation in the management of these patients.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of all patients who underwent groin mesh removal by robotic or laparoscopic approach from July 2012 to July 2023 at our institution. Patients were interviewed post‐operatively to determine their overall pain scores and QOL was assessed using the Carolinas Comfort Scale (CCS) Questionnaire. Patient characteristics, operative times, pre‐operative imaging techniques and analgesia use was also recorded.

Results

Twenty‐two patients underwent groin mesh removal for chronic pain, including 12 robotic and 10 laparoscopic operations. The mean pre‐operative pain score in all patients was 7.6/10 compared to 4.0/10 post‐operatively. The mean post‐operative CCS score was 24, indicating moderate discomfort. Four patients demonstrated CCS scores <11 indicating no discomfort and no patients demonstrated CCS scores >90, indicating severe debilitating discomfort. The majority of patients had a reduction or total cessation of analgesia intake post‐operatively.

Conclusion

Both laparoscopic and robotic mesh explantation for treatment of chronic pain post‐inguinal hernia repair is safe and effective in achieving a reduction in pain and reducing the need for long‐term analgesia.
Perioperative outcomes in patients who undergo neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus chemotherapy versus up‐front surgery in patients with oesophageal cancer
Authors: Bhimani Nazim , Mitchell David , Law Cameron , Leibman Steven , Smith Garett
Published: July 2024

Background

Oesophagectomy is the mainstay of curative treatment for oesophageal cancer. The role of neoadjuvant therapy has evolved over time as evidence for its survival benefit comes to hand. Clinician reluctance to offer patients neoadjuvant therapy may be based on the perception that patients receiving treatment before surgery may be exposed to a greater risk of perioperative complications. The aim of this study was to examine short‐term outcomes in patients who undergo neoadjuvant therapy versus up‐front surgery in patients with oesophageal cancer.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study of prospectively collated data from 2001 to 2020 of patients undergoing resection for oesophageal cancer. Patients who had neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, chemotherapy and up‐front surgery were compared for perioperative morbidity (via the Clavien–Dindo classification), length of stay, unplanned readmission, and 30‐ and 90‐day mortality. Logistic regression was performed to predict perioperative morbidity following surgery.

Results

In total, 284 patients underwent an oesophagectomy. Most patients received neoadjuvant treatment (41% received chemoradiotherapy (117/284), 33% received chemotherapy (93/284)), and 26% of patients received up‐front surgery (74/284). Patients who received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy or up‐front surgery were more likely to have a complication (57%, 67/117 and 57%, 43/74) than patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy only (38%, 35/93, P = 0.009). The 30‐ and 90‐day mortality rates were 1.4% (n = 4) and 2.8% (n = 8), respectively, with no difference between the use of neoadjuvant therapy.

Conclusion

In this series, we found that patients who received neoadjuvant treatment could undergo oesophagectomy with curative intent with acceptable postoperative morbidity and mortality.
Paternal adverse childhood experiences are associated with a low risk of atopy in the offspring
Authors: Puosi Emma , Karlsson Hasse , Lukkarinen Heikki , Karlsson Linnea , Lukkarinen Minna
Published: July 2024

Aim

Parental adverse childhood experiences (ACE) might affect the offspring health through intergenerational inheritance. The aim of this study was to investigate how paternal ACE associate with offspring sensitisation and allergic rhinitis (AR).

Methods

The study included 590 Finnish father‐child dyads from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Outcomes were offspring sensitisation against allergens and AR at age 5.5 years. Paternal ACE up to 18 years were assessed using the Trauma and Distress Scale (TADS) with the lowest quarter as the reference group.

Results

Of the children, 317 (54%) were males. Sensitisation occurred in 162/533 (30%) and AR in 122/590 (21%). Paternal TADS (median 17 points; interquartile range 11–27) was inversely associated with the risk of sensitisation. Children whose fathers scored the highest quarter had the lowest risk of sensitisation (adjusted odds ratio 0.42; 95% confidence interval 0.24–0.75), followed by those in the second highest quarter (0.58; 0.34–0.99). The association between the highest quarter and reduced risk of AR was similar.

Conclusion

Paternal ACE were associated with a low risk of offspring sensitisation and AR, suggesting paternal childhood stress might influence immune responses in their offspring.
Managing giant omphalocele: A systematic review of surgical techniques and outcomes
Authors: Ghattaura Harmit , Ross Andrew , Aldeiri Bashar , Mutanen Annika , Saxena Amulya
Published: July 2024

Aim

We analysed closure techniques in the treatment of giant omphalocele. A challenging pathology where there lacks consensus.

Methods

Cochrane, MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched between 1 January 1992 and 31 December 2022 using terms and variations: omphalocele, exomphalos, giant, closure and outcome. Papers were selected using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta‐Analyses 2020 criteria. Data collected included demographics, timing and technique of surgical repair, morbidity and mortality.

Results

We identified 342 papers; 34 met inclusion criteria with a total 356 neonates. Initial non‐operative management was described in 26 papers (14 dressings, eight silo, four serial sac‐ligation). Operative techniques by paper were as follows: Early closure: nine primary suture closure without patch, two primary closure with patch and four mixed methods. Delayed closure: five simple, four‐component separation technique, four tissue expanders, one Botox/pneumoperitoneum and two with patch. Median number of procedures was two (1–6) in the early group versus three (1–4) in the delayed. The most favourable was early primary closure with biological patch. The most unfavourable was delayed closure with patch. Cumulative reported mortality remained high, mostly due to non‐surgical causes.

Conclusion

Definitions of giant omphalocele in the literature were heterogeneous with a variety of management approaches described.
Clinical trial: The effectiveness of long‐acting somatostatin analogue for output reduction of high‐output intestinal fistula or small bowel enterostomy. A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Timmer Allard S. , de Vries Fleur , Gans Sarah L. , Zwanenburg Pieter R. , Bemelman Willem A. , Dijkgraaf Marcel G. W. , Dijkstra Gerard , van der Heide Frans , Haveman Jan Willem , Serlie Mireille J. , Boermeester Marja A.
Published: July 2024

Background

High‐output intestinal fistulas and small bowel enterostomies are associated with morbidity and mortality. Current standard treatment for output reduction consists of fluid and dietary restrictions and medical therapy. There is conflicting evidence regarding the use of somatostatin analogues for output reduction.

Aim

The aim of this study is to investigate whether lanreotide, added to current standard treatment, further reduces intestinal output in patients with high‐output fistulas and enterostomies.

Methods

This was an open‐label, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Adult patients with a high‐output intestinal fistula (>500 mL/24 h) or small bowel enterostomy (>1500 mL/24 h) more than 4 weeks post‐surgery and receiving standard medical treatment (dietary‐ and fluid restriction, PPI, loperamide and codeine) for at least 2 weeks were eligible for inclusion. We randomised patients 1:1 between continuing standard treatment (control), and subcutaneous lanreotide 120 mg every 4 weeks with standard treatment. The primary outcome was the number of responders, with response defined as an output reduction of ≥25%, 8 weeks after randomisation. We also investigated the proportional change in output.

Results

We randomised 40 patients; 17 had a fistula and 23 a small bowel enterostomy. There were 9/20 responders in the intervention group and 2/20 in the control group (p = 0.013). The proportional output reduction was −26% (IQR −4 to −38) in the intervention group, compared to an increase of 4% (IQR 20 to −13) in the control group (p = 0.004).

Conclusions

In patients with a high‐output fistula or small bowel enterostomy, addition of lanreotide to current standard treatment can provide a clinically relevant output reduction.

Trial registration

EudraCT: 2013‐003998‐10.
Understanding attitudes toward Spain's Trans Law: A content analysis
Authors: Cernadas Nayra , Bonache Helena , Cortina Helena , Chas‐Villar Alexandra , Delgado Naira
Published: July 2024

The Spanish Trans Law has sparked great public debate, generating opposing and confrontational discourses on Twitter. As the debate can be influenced by contextual and individual factors, this study aimed to analyze the tweets posted on the day the preliminary draft of the law was presented and the day it was approved, exploring the prevailing attitudes toward the Trans Law in Spain, both supportive and opposing. Through deductive content analysis of 531 tweets, it was observed that the content tended to vary on both days, although the main differences were found between the pro and anti‐law stances. While supportive messages tended to advocate for rights and highlight transphobia, tweets opposing the Trans Law tended to claim that its approval could cause harm to others, especially cisgender women and children. Moreover, we examined the use of feminism, gender essentialism beliefs, and gender self‐determination measures as arguments to support each stance. The findings reflect the importance of contextual and attitudinal dynamics in the narratives posted on Twitter (now rebranded as X) regarding transgender rights. This qualitative research contributes to understanding attitudes toward transgender individuals as expressed on social media, integrating insights from Social Psychology within the current Spanish context.

Public significance statement

When analyzing the content of the tweets commenting on the Spanish Trans Law, two different positions are identified. One supports the law, advocating for rights and taking a stand against transphobia. The other opposes the law, considering it a threat to cisgender women and children. By exploring the reasoning behind the two positions, this study helps to understand attitudes toward trans people online and emphasizes the need to combat misinformation.
Life history of the snapping shrimp Synalpheus ubatuba: Morphological description of the first larval stage reared in laboratory
Authors: Santos Rafael Carvalho , Teles Jeniffer Natalia , Mantelatto Fernando Luis , Costa Rogerio Caetano
Published: July 2024

Synalpheus ubatuba zoea I was described by assessing laboratory‐hatched larvae. It was compared to other Synalpheus descriptions available in the literature. Partial sequences of parental female's 16S rRNA were analysed and it provided additional evidence for species identification. The first S. ubatuba zoea can be identified by a set of morphological characteristics, namely: antennal scale 4‐articled; basial endite of the maxillule with 3 stout spines + 1 spine; coxal endite of the maxilla with 3 plumose setae and 1 simple seta; basis of the first maxilliped with 4 spines and 2 simple setae; endopod of the third maxilliped with 5‐articled with 0, 0, 0, 2 (1 serrate + 1 simple) setae, 4 simple setae. There was significant larval morphology difference between these characteristics in comparison to other species in the Brevicarpus group (S. brevicarpus and S. minus) which S. ubatuba belongs to. Despite systematic and ecological information provided in the original S. ubatuba description, the present study is the first to focus on the particular features of this species' larval morphology. Evidence of the herein provided larval morphology traits in addition to potential comparison to congeners presenting well‐known larval descriptions, supported the identification of newly discovered species.