bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome-scale measurement of off-target activity using Cas9 toxicity in high-throughput screens
Authors: Morgens David W. , Wainberg Michael , Boyle Evan A. , Ursu Oana , Araya Carlos L. , Tsui C. Kimberly , Haney Michael S. , Hess Gaelen T. , Han Kyuho , Jeng Edwin E. , Li Amy , Snyder Michael P. , Greenleaf William J. , Kundaje Anshul , Bassik Michael C.
Published: May 2017

CRISPR-Cas9 screens are powerful tools for high-throughput interrogation of genome function, but can be confounded by nuclease-induced toxicity at both on- and off-target sites, likely due to DNA damage. Here, to test potential solutions to this issue, we design and analyse a CRISPR-Cas9 library with 10 variable-length guides per gene and thousands of negative controls targeting non-functional, non-genic regions (termed safe-targeting guides), in addition to non-targeting controls. We find this library has excellent performance in identifying genes affecting growth and sensitivity to the ricin toxin. The safe-targeting guides allow for proper control of toxicity from on-target DNA damage. Using this toxicity as a proxy to measure off-target cutting, we demonstrate with tens of thousands of guides both the nucleotide position-dependent sensitivity to single mismatches and the reduction of off-target cutting using truncated guides. Our results demonstrate a simple strategy for high-throughput evaluation of target specificity and nuclease toxicity in Cas9 screens.
Ultrafast all-optical tuning of direct-gap semiconductor metasurfaces
Authors: Shcherbakov Maxim R. , Liu Sheng , Zubyuk Varvara V. , Vaskin Aleksandr , Vabishchevich Polina P. , Keeler Gordon , Pertsch Thomas , Dolgova Tatyana V. , Staude Isabelle , Brener Igal , Fedyanin Andrey A.
Published: May 2017

Optical metasurfaces are regular quasi-planar nanopatterns that can apply diverse spatial and spectral transformations to light waves. However, metasurfaces are no longer adjustable after fabrication, and a critical challenge is to realise a technique of tuning their optical properties that is both fast and efficient. We experimentally realise an ultrafast tunable metasurface consisting of subwavelength gallium arsenide nanoparticles supporting Mie-type resonances in the near infrared. Using transient reflectance spectroscopy, we demonstrate a picosecond-scale absolute reflectance modulation of up to 0.35 at the magnetic dipole resonance of the metasurfaces and a spectral shift of the resonance by 30 nm, both achieved at unprecedentedly low pump fluences of less than 400 μJ cm–2. Our findings thereby enable a versatile tool for ultrafast and efficient control of light using light.
RNA-Seq based genome-wide analysis reveals loss of inter-chromosomal regulation in breast cancer
Authors: Espinal-Enríquez Jesús , Fresno Cristóbal , Anda-Jáuregui Guillermo , Hernández-Lemus Enrique
Published: May 2017

Breast cancer is a complex heterogeneous disease. Common hallmark features of cancer can be found. Their origin may be traced back to their intricate relationships governing regulatory programs during the development of this disease. To unveil distinctive features of the transcriptional regulation program in breast cancer, a pipeline for RNA-seq analysis in 780 breast cancer and 101 healthy breast samples, at gene expression and network level, was implemented. Inter-chromosomal relationships between genes resulted strikingly scarce in a cancer network, in comparison to its healthy counterpart. We suggest that inter-chromosomal regulation loss may be a novel feature in breast cancer. Additional evidence was obtained by independent validation in microarray and Hi-C data as well as supplementary computational analyses. Functional analysis showed upregulation in processes related to cell cycle and division; while migration, adhesion and cell-to-cell communication, were downregulated. Both the BRCA1 DNA repairing signalling and the Estrogen-mediated G1/S phase entry pathways were found upregulated. In addition, a synergistic underexpression of the γ-protocadherin complex, located at Chr5q31 is also shown. This region has previously been reported to be hypermethylated in breast cancer. These findings altogether provide further evidence for the central role of transcriptional regulatory programs in shaping malignant phenotypes.
Complete linear optical isolation at the microscale with ultralow loss
Authors: Kim JunHwan , Kim Seunghwi , Bahl Gaurav
Published: May 2017

Low-loss optical isolators and circulators are critical nonreciprocal components for signal routing and protection, but their chip-scale integration is not yet practical using standard photonics foundry processes. The significant challenges that confront integration of magneto-optic nonreciprocal systems on chip have made imperative the exploration of magnet free alternatives. However, none of these approaches have yet demonstrated linear optical isolation with ideal characteristics over a microscale footprint – simultaneously incorporating large contrast with ultralow forward loss – having fundamental compatibility with photonic integration in standard waveguide materials. Here we demonstrate that complete linear optical isolation can be obtained within any dielectric waveguide using only a whispering-gallery microresonator pumped by a single-frequency laser. The isolation originates from a nonreciprocal induced transparency based on a coherent light-sound interaction, with the coupling originating from the traveling-wave Brillouin scattering interaction, that breaks time-reversal symmetry within the waveguide-resonator system. Our result demonstrates that material-agnostic and wavelength-agnostic optical isolation is far more accessible for chip-scale photonics than previously thought.
Bright nanoscale source of deterministic entangled photon pairs violating Bell’s inequality
Authors: Jöns Klaus D. , Schweickert Lucas , Versteegh Marijn A. M. , Dalacu Dan , Poole Philip J. , Gulinatti Angelo , Giudice Andrea , Zwiller Val , Reimer Michael E.
Published: May 2017

Global, secure quantum channels will require efficient distribution of entangled photons. Long distance, low-loss interconnects can only be realized using photons as quantum information carriers. However, a quantum light source combining both high qubit fidelity and on-demand bright emission has proven elusive. Here, we show a bright photonic nanostructure generating polarization-entangled photon pairs that strongly violates Bell’s inequality. A highly symmetric InAsP quantum dot generating entangled photons is encapsulated in a tapered nanowire waveguide to ensure directional emission and efficient light extraction. We collect ~200 kHz entangled photon pairs at the first lens under 80 MHz pulsed excitation, which is a 20 times enhancement as compared to a bare quantum dot without a photonic nanostructure. The performed Bell test using the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality reveals a clear violation (SCHSH > 2) by up to 9.3 standard deviations. By using a novel quasi-resonant excitation scheme at the wurtzite InP nanowire resonance to reduce multi-photon emission, the entanglement fidelity (F = 0.817 ± 0.002) is further enhanced without temporal post-selection, allowing for the violation of Bell’s inequality in the rectilinear-circular basis by 25 standard deviations. Our results on nanowire-based quantum light sources highlight their potential application in secure data communication utilizing measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution and quantum repeater protocols.
A comparative multi-parametric in vitro model identifies the power of test conditions to predict the fibrotic tendency of a biomaterial
Authors: Jannasch Maren , Gaetzner Sabine , Weigel Tobias , Walles Heike , Schmitz Tobias , Hansmann Jan
Published: May 2017

Despite growing effort to advance materials towards a low fibrotic progression, all implants elicit adverse tissue responses. Pre-clinical biomaterial assessment relies on animals testing, which can be complemented by in vitro tests to address the Russell and Burch’s 3R aspect of reducing animal burden. However, a poor correlation between in vitro and in vivo biomaterial assessments confirms a need for suitable in vitro biomaterial tests. The aim of the study was to identify a test setting, which is predictive and might be time- and cost-efficient. We demonstrated how sensitive in vitro biomaterial assessment based on human primary macrophages depends on test conditions. Moreover, possible clinical scenarios such as lipopolysaccharide contamination, contact to autologous blood plasma, and presence of IL-4 in an immune niche influence the outcome of a biomaterial ranking. Nevertheless, by using glass, titanium, polytetrafluorethylene, silicone, and polyethylene representing a specific material-induced fibrotic response and by comparison to literature data, we were able to identify a test condition that provides a high correlation to state-of-the-art in vivo studies. Most important, biomaterial ranking obtained under native plasma test conditions showed a high predictive accuracy compared to in vivo assessments, strengthening a biomimetic three-dimensional in vitro test platform.
CD163+CD204+ tumor-associated macrophages contribute to T cell regulation via interleukin-10 and PD-L1 production in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kubota Keigo , Moriyama Masafumi , Furukawa Sachiko , Rafiul Haque A. S. M. , Maruse Yasuyuki , Jinno Teppei , Tanaka Akihiko , Ohta Miho , Ishiguro Noriko , Yamauchi Masaaki , Sakamoto Mizuki , Maehara Takashi , Hayashida Jun-Nosuke , Kawano Shintaro , Kiyoshima Tamotsu , Nakamura Seiji
Published: May 2017

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) promote cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis by producing various mediators. Although preclinical studies demonstrated that TAMs preferentially express CD163 and CD204, the TAM subsets in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unknown. In this study, we examined the expression and role of TAM subsets in OSCC. Forty-six patients with OSCC were analyzed for expression of TAMs in biopsy samples by immunohistochemistry. We examined TAM subsets and their production of immune suppressive molecules (IL-10 and PD-L1) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from three OSCC patients by flow cytometry. CD163 was detected around the tumor or connective tissue, while CD204 was detected in/around the tumors. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that CD163+CD204+ TAMs strongly produced IL-10 and PD-L1 in comparison with CD163+CD204− and CD163−CD204+ TAMs. Furthermore, the number of activated CD3+ T cells after co-culture with CD163+CD204+ TAMs was significantly lower than that after co-culture with other TAM subsets. In clinical findings, the number of CD163+CD204+ TAMs was negatively correlated with that of CD25+ cells and 5-year progression-free survival. These results suggest that CD163+CD204+ TAMs possibly play a key role in the invasion and metastasis of OSCC by T-cell regulation via IL-10 and PD-L1 production.
Pathogenic p62/SQSTM1 mutations impair energy metabolism through limitation of mitochondrial substrates
Authors: Bartolome Fernando , Esteras Noemi , Martin-Requero Angeles , Boutoleau-Bretonniere Claire , Vercelletto Martine , Gabelle Audrey , Le Ber Isabelle , Honda Tadashi , Dinkova-Kostova Albena T. , Hardy John , Carro Eva , Abramov Andrey Y.
Published: May 2017

Abnormal mitochondrial function has been found in patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Mutations in the p62 gene (also known as SQSTM1) which encodes the p62 protein have been reported in both disorders supporting the idea of an ALS/FTD continuum. In this work the role of p62 in energy metabolism was studied in fibroblasts from FTD patients carrying two independent pathogenic mutations in the p62 gene, and in a p62-knock-down (p62 KD) human dopaminergic neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y). We found that p62 deficiency is associated with inhibited complex I mitochondrial respiration due to lack of NADH for the electron transport chain. This deficiency was also associated with increased levels of NADPH reflecting a higher activation of pentose phosphate pathway as this is accompanied with higher cytosolic reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Complex I inhibition resulted in lower mitochondrial membrane potential and higher cytosolic ROS production. Pharmacological activation of transcription factor Nrf2 increased mitochondrial NADH levels and restored mitochondrial membrane potential in p62-deficient cells. Our results suggest that the phenotype is caused by a loss-of-function effect, because similar alterations were found both in the mutant fibroblasts and the p62 KD model. These findings highlight the implication of energy metabolism in pathophysiological events associated with p62 deficiency.
Effect of alkaline microwaving pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and biogas production of swine manure
Authors: Yu Tao , Deng Yihuan , Liu Hongyu , Yang Chunping , Wu Bingwen , Zeng Guangming , Lu Li , Nishimura Fumitake
Published: May 2017

Microwave assisted with alkaline (MW-A) condition was applied in the pretreatment of swine manure, and the effect of the pretreatment on anaerobic treatment and biogas production was evaluated in this study. The two main microwaving (MW) parameters, microwaving power and reaction time, were optimized for the pretreatment. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the effect of alkaline microwaving process for manure pretreatment at various values of pH and energy input. Results showed that the manure disintegration degree was maximized of 63.91% at energy input of 54 J/g and pH of 12.0, and variance analysis indicated that pH value played a more important role in the pretreatment than in energy input. Anaerobic digestion results demonstrated that MW-A pretreatment not only significantly increased cumulative biogas production, but also shortened the duration for a stable biogas production rate. Therefore, the alkaline microwaving pretreatment could become an alternative process for effective treatment of swine manure.
Methylglyoxal-induced glycation changes adipose tissue vascular architecture, flow and expansion, leading to insulin resistance
Authors: Rodrigues Tiago , Matafome Paulo , Sereno José , Almeida José , Castelhano João , Gamas Luís , Neves Christian , Gonçalves Sónia , Carvalho Catarina , Arslanagic Amina , Wilcken Elinor , Fonseca Rita , Simões Ilda , Conde Silvia Vilares , Castelo-Branco Miguel , Seiça Raquel
Published: May 2017

Microvascular dysfunction has been suggested to trigger adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity. This study investigates the hypothesis that glycation impairs microvascular architecture and expandability with an impact on insulin signalling. Animal models supplemented with methylglyoxal (MG), maintained with a high-fat diet (HFD) or both (HFDMG) were studied for periepididymal adipose (pEAT) tissue hypoxia and local and systemic insulin resistance. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) was used to quantify blood flow in vivo, showing MG-induced reduction of pEAT blood flow. Increased adipocyte size and leptin secretion were observed only in rats feeding the high-fat diet, without the development of hypoxia. In turn, hypoxia was only observed when MG was combined (HFDMG group), being associated with impaired activation of the insulin receptor (Tyr1163), glucose intolerance and systemic and muscle insulin resistance. Accordingly, the adipose tissue angiogenic assay has shown decreased capillarization after dose-dependent MG exposure and glyoxalase-1 inhibition. Thus, glycation impairs adipose tissue capillarization and blood flow, hampering its expandability during a high-fat diet challenge and leading to hypoxia and insulin resistance. Such events have systemic repercussions in glucose metabolism and may lead to the onset of unhealthy obesity and progression to type 2 diabetes.
Comorbidity burden of patients with Parkinson’s disease and Parkinsonism between 2003 and 2012: A multicentre, nationwide, retrospective study in China
Authors: Wang Xin , Zeng Fan , Jin Wang-Sheng , Zhu Chi , Wang Qing-Hua , Bu Xian-Le , Luo Hong-Bo , Zou Hai-Qiang , Pu Jie , Zhou Zhong-He , Cui Xiao-Ping , Wang Qing-Song , Shi Xiang-Qun , Han Wei , Wu Qiang , Chen Hui-Sheng , Lin Hang , Zhang Li-Li , Zhang Meng , Lian Yan , Xu Zhi-Qiang , Zhou Hua-Dong , Zhang Tao , Wang Yan-Jiang
Published: May 2017

Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Parkinsonism are common neurodegenerative disorders with continuously increasing prevalence, causing high global burdens. However, data concerning the comorbidity burden of patients with PD or Parkinsonism in China are lacking. To investigate the health condition and comorbidity burden, a total of 3367 PD and 823 Parkinsonism patients were included from seven tertiary hospitals in seven cities across China from 2003 to 2012. Their comorbidity burden was collected and quantified by the Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). The comorbidity spectra differed between PD and Parkinsonism patients. Compared with PD patients, Parkinsonism patients were older (69.8 ± 11.5 vs. 67.9 ± 11.4, P < 0.001); had a higher comorbidity burden, including ECI (1.1 ± 1.2 vs. 1.0 ± 1.2, P < 0.001) and CCI (1.3 ± 1.6 vs. 1.1 ± 1.5, P < 0.001); and had higher hospitalization expenses. The ECI (1.1 ± 1.3 vs. 0.9 ± 1.1, P < 0.001) and CCI (1.3 ± 1.6 vs. 0.9 ± 1.2, P < 0.001) were higher in males than in females. The average length of stay and daily hospitalization expenses increased with age, as did ECI and CCI. This is the first study to report the disease burden of Chinese PD and Parkinsonism patients. It provides useful information to better understand their health status, and to raise the awareness of clinicians for providing better health care.
Zeylenone, a naturally occurring cyclohexene oxide, inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in cervical carcinoma cells via PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK/ERK pathways
Authors: Zhang Leilei , Huo Xiaowei , Liao Yonghong , Yang Feifei , Gao Li , Cao Li
Published: May 2017

There is a strong rationale to therapeutically target the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK/ERK pathways in cervical carcinoma since they are highly deregulated in this disease. Previous study by our group have demonstrated that Zeylenone (Zey) exhibited strong suppressive activity on PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK/ERK signaling, providing a foundation to investigate its antitumor activity in cervical carcinoma. Herein, the present study aimed to investigate suppressive effect of Zey on HeLa and CaSki cells, and further explore the underlying mechanisms. Cells were treated with Zey for indicated time, followed by measuring its effects on cell viability, colony formation, cell cycle, cell apoptosis, and signal pathways. In vivo antitumor activity of Zey was then assessed with nude xenografts. We found that Zey substantially suppressed cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest, and increased cell apoptosis, accompanied by increased production of ROS, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, activated caspase apoptotic cascade, and attenuated PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK/ERK pathways. Additionally, in vivo experiments showed that Zey exerted good antitumor efficacy against HeLa bearing mice models via decreasing levels of p-PI3K and p-ERK. Collectively, these data clearly demonstrated the antitumor activity of Zey in cervical carcinoma cells, which is most likely via the regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK/ERK pathways.
Geometric explanation of the rich-club phenomenon in complex networks
Authors: Csigi Máté , Kőrösi Attila , Bíró József , Heszberger Zalán , Malkov Yury , Gulyás András
Published: May 2017

The rich club organization (the presence of highly connected hub core in a network) influences many structural and functional characteristics of networks including topology, the efficiency of paths and distribution of load. Despite its major role, the literature contains only a very limited set of models capable of generating networks with realistic rich club structure. One possible reason is that the rich club organization is a divisive property among complex networks which exhibit great diversity, in contrast to other metrics (e.g. diameter, clustering or degree distribution) which seem to behave very similarly across many networks. Here we propose a simple yet powerful geometry-based growing model which can generate realistic complex networks with high rich club diversity by controlling a single geometric parameter. The growing model is validated against the Internet, protein-protein interaction, airport and power grid networks.
Multi-pass transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Juffmann Thomas , Koppell Stewart A. , Klopfer Brannon B. , Ophus Colin , Glaeser Robert M. , Kasevich Mark A.
Published: May 2017

Feynman once asked physicists to build better electron microscopes to be able to watch biology at work. While electron microscopes can now provide atomic resolution, electron beam induced specimen damage precludes high resolution imaging of sensitive materials, such as single proteins or polymers. Here, we use simulations to show that an electron microscope based on a multi-pass measurement protocol enables imaging of single proteins, without averaging structures over multiple images. While we demonstrate the method for particular imaging targets, the approach is broadly applicable and is expected to improve resolution and sensitivity for a range of electron microscopy imaging modalities, including, for example, scanning and spectroscopic techniques. The approach implements a quantum mechanically optimal strategy which under idealized conditions can be considered interaction-free.
In situ printing of mesenchymal stromal cells, by laser-assisted bioprinting, for in vivo bone regeneration applications
Authors: Keriquel Virginie , Oliveira Hugo , Rémy Murielle , Ziane Sophia , Delmond Samantha , Rousseau Benoit , Rey Sylvie , Catros Sylvain , Amédée Joelle , Guillemot Fabien , Fricain Jean-Christophe
Published: May 2017

Bioprinting has emerged as a novel technological approach with the potential to address unsolved questions in the field of tissue engineering. We have recently shown that Laser Assisted Bioprinting (LAB), due to its unprecedented cell printing resolution and precision, is an attractive tool for the in situ printing of a bone substitute. Here, we show that LAB can be used for the in situ printing of mesenchymal stromal cells, associated with collagen and nano-hydroxyapatite, in order to favor bone regeneration, in a calvaria defect model in mice. Also, by testing different cell printing geometries, we show that different cellular arrangements impact on bone tissue regeneration. This work opens new avenues on the development of novel strategies, using in situ bioprinting, for the building of tissues, from the ground up.
Biomechanical analysis of prey capture in the carnivorous Southern bladderwort (Utricularia australis)
Authors: Poppinga Simon , Daber Lars Erik , Westermeier Anna Sofia , Kruppert Sebastian , Horstmann Martin , Tollrian Ralph , Speck Thomas
Published: May 2017

We recorded capture events (CEs) of the daphniid Ceriodaphnia dubia by the carnivorous Southern bladderwort with suction traps (Utricularia australis). Independent to orientation and behavior during trap triggering, the animals were successfully captured within 9 ms on average and sucked in with velocities of up to 4 m/s and accelerations of up to 2800 g. Phases of very high acceleration during onsets of suction were immediately followed by phases of similarly high deceleration (max.: −1900 g) inside the bladders, leading to immobilization of the prey which then dies. We found that traps perform a ‘forward strike’ during suction and that almost completely air-filled traps are still able to perform suction. The trigger hairs on the trapdoors can undergo strong bending deformation, which we interpret to be a safety feature to prevent fracture. Our results highlight the elaborate nature of the Utricularia suction traps which are functionally resilient and leave prey animals virtually no chance to escape.
Identification of Long Noncoding RNAs Deregulated in Papillary Thyroid Cancer and Correlated with BRAFV600E Mutation by Bioinformatics Integrative Analysis
Authors: Goedert Lucas , Plaça Jessica Rodrigues , Fuziwara Cesar Seigi , Machado Maiaro Cabral Rosa , Plaça Desirée Rodrigues , Almeida Palloma Porto , Sanches Talita Perez , Santos Jair Figueredo dos , Corveloni Amanda Cristina , Pereira Illy Enne Gomes , de Castro Marcela Motta , Kimura Edna Teruko , Silva Wilson Araújo , Espreafico Enilza Maria
Published: May 2017

Papillary Thyroid Cancer (PTC) is an endocrine malignancy in which BRAFV600E oncogenic mutation induces the most aggressive phenotype. In this way, considering that lncRNAs are arising as key players in oncogenesis, it is of high interest the identification of BRAFV600E-associated long noncoding RNAs, which can provide possible candidates for secondary mechanisms of BRAF-induced malignancy in PTC. In this study, we identified differentially expressed lncRNAs correlated with BRAFV600E in PTC and, also, extended the cohort of paired normal and PTC samples to more accurately identify differentially expressed lncRNAs between these conditions. Indirectly validated targets of the differentially expressed lncRNAs in PTC compared to matched normal samples demonstrated an involvement in surface receptors responsible for signal transduction and cell adhesion, as well as, regulation of cell death, proliferation and apoptosis. Targets of BRAFV600E-correlated lncRNAs are mainly involved in calcium signaling pathway, ECM-receptor interaction and MAPK pathway. In summary, our study provides candidate lncRNAs that can be either used for future studies related to diagnosis/prognosis or as targets for PTC management.
Overexpression of a cytochrome P450 and a UDP-glycosyltransferase is associated with imidacloprid resistance in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata
Authors: Kaplanoglu Emine , Chapman Patrick , Scott Ian M. , Donly Cam
Published: May 2017

Current control of insect pests relies on chemical insecticides, however, insecticide resistance development by pests is a growing concern in pest management. The main mechanisms for insecticide resistance typically involve elevated activity of detoxifying enzymes and xenobiotic transporters that break-down and excrete insecticide molecules. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of imidacloprid resistance in the Colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata(Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), an insect pest notorious for its capacity to develop insecticide resistance rapidly. We compared the transcriptome profiles of imidacloprid-resistant and sensitive beetle strains and identified 102 differentially expressed transcripts encoding detoxifying enzymes and xenobiotic transporters. Of these, 74 were up-regulated and 28 were down-regulated in the resistant strain. We then used RNA interference to knock down the transcript levels of seven up-regulated genes in the resistant beetles. Ingestion of double-stranded RNA successfully knocked down the expression of the genes for three cytochrome P450s (CYP6BQ15,CYP4Q3andCYP4Q7), one ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter (ABC-G), one esterase (EST1), and two UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGT1andUGT2). Further, we demonstrated that silencing ofCYP4Q3and UGT2significantly increased susceptibility of resistant beetles to imidacloprid, indicating that overexpression of these two genes contributes to imidacloprid resistance in this resistant strain.
Acoustoelectric Current in Graphene Nanoribbons
Authors: Poole T. , Nash G. R.
Published: May 2017

Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) propagating on piezoelectric substrates offer a convenient, contactless approach to probing the electronic properties of low-dimensional charge carrier systems such as graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). SAWs can also be used to transport and manipulate charge for applications such as metrology and quantum information. In this work, we investigate the acoustoelectric effect in GNRs, and show that an acoustoelectric current can be generated in GNRs with physical widths as small as 200 nm at room temperature. The positive current in the direction of the SAWs, which corresponds to the transportation of holes, exhibits a linear dependence on SAW intensity and frequency. This is consistent with the description of the interaction between the charge carriers in the GNRs and the piezoelectric fields associated with the SAWs being described by a relatively simple classical relaxation model. Somewhat counter-intuitively, as the GNR width is decreased, the measured acoustoelectric current increases. This is thought to be caused by an increase of the carrier mobility due to increased doping arising from damage to the GNR edges.
Layered social influence promotes multiculturality in the Axelrod model
Authors: Battiston Federico , Nicosia Vincenzo , Latora Vito , Miguel Maxi San
Published: May 2017

Despite the presence of increasing pressure towards globalisation, the coexistence of different cultures is a distinctive feature of human societies. However, how multiculturality can emerge in a population of individuals inclined to imitation, and how it remains stable under cultural drift, i.e. the spontaneous mutation of traits in the population, still needs to be understood. To solve such a problem, we propose here a microscopic model of culture dissemination which takes into account that, in real social systems, the interactions are organised in various layers corresponding to different interests or topics. We show that the addition of multiplexity in the modeling of our society generates qualitatively novel dynamical behavior, producing a new stable regime of cultural diversity. This finding suggests that the layered organisation of social influence typical of modern societies is the key ingredient to explain why and how multiculturality emerges and thrives in our world.
Correction: Corrigendum: Pathogenic traits of Salmonella Montevideo in experimental infections in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Lalsiamthara Jonathan , Lee John Hwa
Published: May 2017

Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 46232; published online: 07 April 2017; updated: 04 May 2017 The Acknowledgements section in this Article has been omitted. It should read: “Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MISP) (No.
A target triggered proximity combination-based fluorescence sensing strategy for adenosine detection
Authors: Xu Xiaowen , Wei Haiping , Jiang Wei
Published: May 2017

A target triggered proximity combination-based fluorescence sensing strategy is demonstrated for sensitive and specific adenosine detection.
Hydroboration of alkynes and nitriles using an α-diimine cobalt hydride catalyst
Authors: Ben-Daat Hagit , Rock Christopher L. , Flores Marco , Groy Thomas L. , Bowman Amanda C. , Trovitch Ryan J.
Published: May 2017

The κ4-diimine cobalt hydride compound, (Ph2PPrDI)CoH, has been found to catalyze E-selective alkyne hydroboration and the dihydroboration of nitriles.
Unzipping and shearing DNA with electrophoresed nanoparticles in hydrogels
Authors: Cervantes-Salguero Keitel , Kawamata Ibuki , Nomura Shin-ichiro M. , Murata Satoshi
Published: May 2017

Under electric control, nanoparticles are used as electromechanical actuators for releasing DNA from hydrogel by dehybridization.
Development of a lipase-mediated epoxidation process for monoterpenes in choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Ranganathan Sumanth , Zeitlhofer Sandra , Sieber Volker
Published: May 2017

Chemical syntheses in contemporary process industries today are predominantly conducted using organic solvents, which are potentially hazardous to humans and the environment alike.
A neutron study of sealed pottery from the grave-goods of Kha and Merit
Authors: Andreani C. , Aliotta F. , Arcidiacono L. , Borla M. , Di Martino D. , Facchetti F. , Ferraris E. , Festa G. , Gorini G. , Kockelmann W. , Kelleher J. , Malfitana D. , Micieli D. , Minniti T. , Cippo E. Perelli , Ponterio R. , Salvato G. , Senesi R. , Turina V. , Vasi C. , Greco C.
Published: May 2017

This work presents the first neutron characterization of artefacts from the grave-goods of Kha and Merit, a unique cultural treasure of mankind and preserved at the Museo Egizio in Turin.
A miniature liquid electrode discharge-optical emission spectrometric system integrating microelectrodialysis for potassium screening in serum
Authors: Liu Shuang , Cai Yi , Yu Yong-Liang , Wang Jian-Hua
Published: May 2017

An automated microelectrodialysis-liquid electrode discharge-optical emission spectrometric (μED-LED-OES) system was developed for potassium screening in the serum.
Fine-tuning the pH response of polymersomes for mimicking and controlling the cell membrane functionality
Authors: Gumz Hannes , Lai Thu Hang , Voit Brigitte , Appelhans Dietmar
Published: May 2017

To expand the biomedical applications of pH responsive polymersomes a concept is presented for precisely adjusting the pH triggered transition of the membrane permeability.
In situ synthesis of thermoresponsive 4-arm star block copolymer nano-assemblies by dispersion RAFT polymerization
Authors: Qu Yaqing , Chang Xueying , Chen Shengli , Zhang Wangqing
Published: May 2017

Thermoresponsive 4-arm star block copolymer nano-assemblies were synthesized, and their interesting thermoresponse was investigated.
Exfoliated metal free homojunction photocatalyst prepared by a biomediated route for enhanced hydrogen evolution and Rhodamine B degradation
Authors: Martha Satyabadi , Mansingh Sriram , Parida K. M. , Thirumurugan Arun
Published: May 2017

Exfoliated metal free p–n homojunction photocatalyst prepared over oyster shells exhibits superior opto-electronic properties.
Study on frost heaving characteristics of gravel soil pavement structures of airports in Alpine regions
Authors: Liu Jiying , Cen Guoping , Chen Yue
Published: May 2017

In order to study frost heaving characteristics of gravel soil pavement structures of airports in alpine regions, we designed a 1 : 10 small pavement structure model to conduct laboratory tests.
Facile and controllable synthesis of solid Co3V2O8 micro-pencils as a highly efficient anode for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Yang Jian , Wu Mengqiang , Gong Feng , Feng Tingting , Chen Cheng , Liao Jiaxuan
Published: May 2017

Mixed metal vanadate oxides are promising superior anode materials for lithium ion batteries due to their high specific capacities, improved cycling performance and excellent rate properties.
Vapor-based synthesis and micropatterning of Janus thin films with distinct surface wettability and mechanical robustness
Authors: Ye Yumin , Mao Yu
Published: May 2017

Janus polymer thin films with distinct surface wettability and mechanical robustness were synthesized using a facile, one-step, vapor-deposition process.
In situ modified multilayer graphene toward high-performance lubricating additive
Authors: Fu Hanmin , Fan Xiaoqiang , Li Wen , Zhu Minhao , Peng Jinfang , Li Hao
Published: May 2017

To address the poor dispersibility and incompatibility of graphene toward potential applications, we propose an approach to prepare high-density modified graphene sheets by combining solvent exfoliation of graphite with chemical modification of ionic liquids (ILs).
Anomalous effect of non-alternant hydrocarbons on carbocation and carbanion electronic configurations
Authors: Fischer Logan J. , Dutton Andrew S. , Winter Arthur H.
Published: May 2017

Simple rules based on canonical structures allow for the prediction of a new class of triplet carbocation and carbanion species.
Photoelectrocatalytic H2 evolution in water with molecular catalysts immobilised on p-Si via a stabilising mesoporous TiO2 interlayer
Authors: Leung Jane J. , Warnan Julien , Nam Dong Heon , Zhang Jenny Z. , Willkomm Janina , Reisner Erwin
Published: May 2017

A versatile platform for the immobilisation of molecular catalysts on a readily-prepared Si photocathode with a mesoporous TiO2 layer is reported.
Carbon dioxide binary crystals via the thermal decomposition of RDX at high pressure
Authors: Connor L. E. , Morrison C. A. , Oswald I. D. H. , Pulham C. R. , Warren M. R.
Published: May 2017

Binary crystals of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide have been created from the decomposition of RDX.
Chlorine-induced degradation in SOFCs operating with biogas
Authors: Reeping K. W. , Bohn J. A. , Walker R. A.
Published: May 2017

Experiments described in this work examine degradation mechanisms of nickel-based anodes in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) operating with a biogas surrogate and exposed to 110 ppm Cl (delivered either as CH3Cl or HCl).
Spinifex nanocellulose derived hard carbon anodes for high-performance sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Gaddam Rohit Ranganathan , Jiang Edward , Amiralian Nasim , Annamalai Pratheep K. , Martin Darren J. , Kumar Nanjundan Ashok , Zhao X. S.
Published: May 2017

Spinifex grass derived hard carbon is used as anodes for sodium-ion batteries. Extraordinary stability and capacity retention of ∼300 mA h g−1 on prolonged cycling against sodium was observed. The eco-friendly and low-cost synthesis procedure make the biomass derived carbon material promising for energy storage applications.
Condensation-assisted micro-patterning of low-surface-tension liquids on reactive oil-repellent surfaces
Authors: Liu Peng , He Wenqing , Lu Gang , Zhang Hengdi , Wang Zhaoyue , Yao Xi
Published: May 2017

In this work, we reveal a reactive oil-repellent surface as a new platform for surface micro-patterning of low-surface-tension liquid precursors.
Oil/water separation techniques: a review of recent progresses and future directions
Authors: Gupta Raju Kumar , Dunderdale Gary J. , England Matt W. , Hozumi Atsushi
Published: May 2017

The recent progress of oil/water separation technologies using various materials that possess surface superwetting properties is summarized.
1-D nanostructure comprising porous Fe2O3/Se composite nanorods with numerous nanovoids, and their electrochemical properties for use in lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Cho Jung Sang , Park Jin-Sung , Jeon Kyung Min , Chan Kang Yun
Published: May 2017

1-D nanostructures, one comprising a porous Fe2O3/Se composite and one comprising hollow Fe2O3 nanorods, prepared by exploiting a nanoscale Kirkendall diffusion mechanism, exhibited superior electrochemical properties for Li-ion storage.
Design of ultralong single-crystal nanowire-based bifunctional electrodes for efficient oxygen and hydrogen evolution in a mild alkaline electrolyte
Authors: Li Ge , Wang Xiaolei , Seo Min Ho , Hemmati Sahar , Yu Aiping , Chen Zhongwei
Published: May 2017

A 3D flexible bifunctional electrode based on ultralong single-crystal Co-doped ZnO nanowires has been successfully designed and developed for efficient oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions.
Carbon-coated Li4Ti5O12 nanoparticles with high electrochemical performance as anode material in sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Yao , Liu Jingyuan , Hou Mengyan , Fan Long , Wang Yonggang , Xia Yongyao
Published: May 2017

Carbon-coated Li4Ti5O12 nanoparticles show promising electrochemical performance with high discharge specific capacities, remarkable cycle stability and outstanding rate capability as anode material in rechargeable sodium batteries.
A degradable nanogel drug carrier crosslinked with three-oligonucleotide hybrids for two-way drug release in mild and high hyperthermia treatment
Authors: Liwinska Wioletta , Stanislawska Iwona , Lyp Marek , Mackiewicz Marcin , Stojek Zbigniew , Zabost Ewelina
Published: May 2017

Three-segment oligonucleotide hybrids introduced as crosslinkers to a PNIPA–AAc nanonetwork can be specifically transformed and degraded. Architecture of presented carrier helped to achieve enhanced drug loading and tunable and degradable gel properties, and to control release of the drug.
Protein-repellent and antimicrobial nanoparticle coatings from hyaluronic acid and a lysine-derived biocompatible surfactant
Authors: Bračič M. , Fras-Zemljič L. , Pérez L. , Kogej K. , Stana-Kleinschek K. , Kargl R. , Mohan T.
Published: May 2017

A water based, green and one-step strategy to functionalize surfaces of silicone catheters, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), with antifouling and antimicrobial nanoparticles (hyaluronic acid–surfactant mixture) to avoid uncontrolled protein adsorption and microbial attachment is reported.
Re-entrant spin-glass freezing and magneto-dielectric behaviour of Li3NiRuO5, a layered rock-salt related oxide
Authors: Upadhyay Sanjay Kumar , Iyer Kartik K. , Rayaprol S. , Siruguri V. , Sampathkumaran E. V.
Published: May 2017

We report the results of neutron diffraction, ac and dc magnetization, heat-capacity, complex dielectric permittivity and pyrocurrent measurements on an oxide, Li3NiRuO5, hitherto not paid much attention in the literature.
On the origin of the ferromagnetic signature in silver nanoparticles and thin films
Authors: Marenco Armando J. , Pedersen David B. , Trudel Simon
Published: May 2017

Ferromagnetism in Ag nanostructures is the result of surface oxidation.
Colossal permittivity of (Mg + Nb) co-doped TiO2 ceramics with low dielectric loss
Authors: Yang Chao , Tse Mei-Yan , Wei Xianhua , Hao Jianhua
Published: May 2017

A low dielectric loss (<0.01) in (Mg + Nb) co-doped TiO2 rutile ceramics will further highlight the development of colossal permittivity materials for practical applications.
Red to white polymer light-emitting diode (PLED) based on Eu3+–Zn2+–Gd3+-containing metallopolymer
Authors: Liu Lin , Li Hongyan , Su Peiyang , Zhang Zhao , Fu Guorui , Li Baoning , Lü Xingqiang
Published: May 2017

With color-tunable Eu3+–Zn2+–Gd3+-containing metallopolymer Poly(2-co-MMA-co-8) as the emitting layer, bright color-purity red-light PLED to first-example Ln3+-containing-metallopolymer-based WPLED were realized.
Efficient solution-processed red all-fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes employing thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials as assistant hosts: molecular design strategy and exciton dynamic analysis
Authors: Chen Dongjun , Cai Xinyi , Li Xiang-Long , He Zuozheng , Cai Chengsong , Chen Dongcheng , Su Shi-Jian
Published: May 2017

Efficient Förster energy transfer process from TADF assistant hosts to fluorescent dye affords efficient solution-processed red OLEDs with a maximum EQE of 8.0%.
Consonant Acquisition in Young Cochlear Implant Recipients and Their Typically Developing Peers
Authors: Iyer Suneeti Nathani , Jung Jongmin , Ertmer David J.
Published: May 2017

Purpose

Consonant acquisition was examined in 13 young cochlear implant (CI) recipients and 11 typically developing (TD) children.

Method

A longitudinal research design was implemented to determine the rate and nature of consonant acquisition during the first 2 years of robust hearing experience. Twenty-minute adult–child (typically a parent) interactions were video and audio recorded at 3-month intervals following implantation until 24 months of robust hearing experience was achieved. TD children were similarly recorded between 6 and 24 months of age. Consonants that were produced twice within a 50-utterance sample were considered “established” within a child's consonant inventory.

Results

Although the groups showed similar trajectories, the CI group produced larger consonant inventories than the TD group at each interval except for 21 and 24 months. A majority of children with CIs also showed more rapid acquisition of consonants and more diverse consonant inventories than TD children.

Conclusions

These results suggest that early auditory deprivation does not significantly affect consonant acquisition for most CI recipients. Tracking early consonant development appears to be a useful way to assess the effectiveness of cochlear implantation in young recipients.
V‐band dual‐polarised dielectric resonator antenna with bondwire feeding structures
Authors: Lin Ta‐Yeh , Chiu Tsenchieh , Chang Da‐Chiang
Published: May 2017

In this Letter, a V‐band chip‐level dual‐polarised dielectric resonator antenna implemented by using bondwires and silicon‐based integrated passive device technology is proposed. The square‐shaped resonator is fed by two bondwire coupling structures which excite two degenerate modes orthogonal to each other. The resonance of bondwire itself is also found to enhance the antenna bandwidth to cover the 60 GHz band. Reasonable agreement between the simulation and the measurement is obtained. The measured antenna bandwidth is from 52.8 to 65 GHz. The measured isolation is better than 20 dB at frequencies of interest. The measured antenna gain is 4.5 dBi at 60 GHz. The proposed design can provide further applications for circularly polarised systems.
Condition monitoring and diagnosis of power equipment: review and prospective
Authors: Li Shengtao , Li Jianying
Published: May 2017

To ensure the power system operates safely and reliably, it is essential to monitor and evaluate the health condition of power equipment on‐line or off‐line. This study reviews the research status in condition monitoring and diagnosis of power equipment, including transformer, gas insulated switchgear, cable, external insulation, generator, and power capacitor in recent years. Although much progress has been made in technologies of condition monitoring and fault diagnosis such as test accuracy, fast and accurate fault localisation and recognition of fault types, there are still many deficiencies which needs further research work, including the reliability of signal collection from sensors, the accuracy of data treatment and analysis, anti‐interference performance of test equipment, appropriate models used for condition evaluation. The prospective of condition monitoring and diagnosis technologies of power equipment are also presented in this study. It is proposed that the application of big data, internet of things and cloud computing should be expected and given special attention in the near future.
Cartesian augmented Hammerstein model for non‐linearity and I/Q impairments compensation in concurrent dual‐band transmitters
Authors: Lajnef Souhir , Boulejfen Noureddine , Ghannouchi Fadhel M.
Published: May 2017

In this study, a novel model for the joint compensation of dual‐band power amplifier (PA) distortion and in‐phase/quadrature (I/Q) imbalance, which are the dominant impairments of wireless signal transmitters, in a complexity reduced structure is proposed. This model is mainly based on the augmented Hammerstein approach in a Cartesian form so that a static block is intended to model the PA non‐linearity and the modulator I/Q imbalance while a finite impulse response filter based block is used to model the PA memory effects. The proposed approach reduces significantly the complexity of the proposed model compared with the recently published memory polynomial models. Experiments with and without I/Q modulator impairments have been carried out on a dual‐band PA to verify the accuracy and the performance of the linearisation technique based on the proposed model. The experimental results have revealed a good impairments reduction with much less model coefficients compared with the recently published ones.
Performance analysis for non‐orthogonal multiple access in energy harvesting relaying networks
Authors: Zhang Yangyang , Ge Jianhua
Published: May 2017

Non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), which uses the power domain for multiple users, has been considered as an emerging candidate for fifth generation downlink transmission. Energy harvesting (EH), a promising technology to prolong the lifetime of energy‐constrained wireless networks, has attracted significant attention. In this study, the authors first combine NOMA with EH (NOMA–EH) to enhance system spectral efficiency and user fairness. An NOMA‐based relaying network is analysed, where the relay node is equipped with EH device, and functions as the bridge between the base station and the multiple users. The outage performance of the NOMA–EH scheme‐based relaying network is studied, where the transmitting antenna selection is applied at the base station and maximal ratio combining is applied at the multiple users. Furthermore, closed‐form expression for the system outage probability is also derived. On the basis of the computer simulations, they show the correctness of the numerical analysis and confirm the superiority of the proposed NOMA–EH scheme.