bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metodologias Integrativas: Tecendo Saberes e Ampliando a Compreensão
Authors: Giannella Valeria , Batista Vanessa Louise
Published: January 2019

Este texto procura refletir e indagar os vastos campos ligados às práticas participativas, de ampliação da esfera pública, a partir das experiências coletadas neste número temático. Elas se inserem no âmbito denominado de Gestão Social e nos levam a ampliar/reconceituar este campo para além do locus costumeiramente tido como próprio da gestão. A dimensão metodológica, em sua declinação integradora, é o fio que nos guia nesta exploração, levando-nos a discutir a necessidade de ampliarmos os conceitos de racionalidade comunicativa, para além da comunicação lógico-racional; o conceito de esfera pública, que seja mais do que campo de luta entre argumentos racionais; o conceito de cidadania, como algo que alcança o nível planetário. E tudo isso como consequente à nova descrição da realidade enquanto rede altamente interconectada entre local e global, indivíduo e totalidade. Também reconhecemos que essas distinções são apenas, favoráveis à compreensão humana, mais do que estreitamente correspondentes à alguma realidade externa, seja o que ela for. Uma reflexão ampla, que religa a pesquisa e prática em Gestão Social às mais avançadas e inovadoras do campo unitário das ciências contemporâneas.
Tempo de Bordar
Authors: Ziani Beth
Published: January 2019

Bordar em conjunto, compartilhar processos e resultados, trocar experiências, vivenciar a criação coletiva são novos paradigmas da arte de bordar, integrando a tradição e o moderno de forma singular. Neste trabalho, abordaremos projetos relacionados ao bordado, apresentando os métodos desenvolvidos como forma de reflexão sobre essa linguagem que vem tomando espaços significativos em propostas culturais, artísticas e pedagógicas.
Etnografia: A Arte na Rua
Authors: Gois Pedro Henrique de
Published: January 2019

O vídeo ‘Etnografia: a arte na rua’ retrata o resultado de um exercício etnográfico realizado na cidade de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, com três artistas de rua. O objetivo proposto é visibilizar a representação dos sujeitos e o significado associado a sua permanência, transitoriedade e identificação com o público nos espaços em que desenvolvem suas expressões artísticas. O registro audiovisual, com duração de vinte minutos, contempla um olhar que emerge da relação com os artistas, com destaque para as diferentes expressões que foram identificadas e os espaços em que tais sujeitos mostram sua arte nas ruas. Tem-se em Miguel a expressão manual do artista que faz de arame e pedra sua arte em forma de animais alados; em João a pintura como atenção a vivacidade da natureza expressa na paisagem ‘que todos nós gostaríamos de estar’; e em Abraham a fixação não apenas do artista enquanto ‘estátua viva’, mas também do público que em meio ao coração da capital sul-rio-grandense detém-se curioso em relação ao anjo branco que distribui mensagens de esperança e paz.

<a href="https://youtu.be/fnc6qGB9gnY" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=pt-BR&q=https://youtu.be/fnc6qGB9gnY&source=gmail&ust=1474457973296000&usg=AFQjCNEfkllGWUI7Fec1QijEgWWPpcLQ9A">https://youtu.be/fnc6qGB9gnY
O Empreendedorismo Social como Alicerce do “Programa Empreender Comunidade”.
Authors: Xavier Filho Jose Lindenberg Julião , Sousa Jefferson Lindberght de , Paiva Júnior Fernando Gomes de , Souza Lianna Karla Veras e
Published: January 2019

O Empreendedorismo Social representa um tipo de engajamento de agentes públicos e privados em esferas críticas da sociedade civil. Este estudo tem por objetivo descrever o “Programa Empreender Comunidade”, implementado pela Prefeitura Municipal de Garanhuns (PE), junto à comunidade da Várzea (Vale do Mundaú), como promotor de ações estruturadoras na perspectiva do Empreendedorismo Social. Isso é discutido por intermédio da análise qualitativa de conteúdo acerca do “Programa Empreender Comunidade”, a partir de revisão teórica que contempla aspectos envolvidos na ação desenvolvida no âmbito do empreendedorismo social. Este é um estudo de caso de natureza interpretativista, desenvolvido com uso de entrevistas semiestruturadas, análise de documentos textuais e não textuais. Foi constatada a existência de dimensões basilares para o desenvolvimento de práticas empreendedoras na esfera social, expressas como Inovação Social, Efetivação do Projeto, Engajamento entre Stakeholders e Ação Coletiva. 
Contribuições para a Construção do Conceito de Emancipação e suas Implicações para o Campo da Gestão Social
Authors: Pinheiro Lauro Santos , Cançado Airton Cardoso
Published: January 2019

O presente trabalho faz um estudo bibliográfico a respeito da evolução dos conceitos de Gestão Social e Emancipação. É apresentado um debate teórico sobre as implicações da Emancipação para o campo da Gestão Social. O principal enfoque é aprofundar a construção do conceito de emancipação para o campo da gestão social. A pesquisa foi fundamentalmente baseada em Cançado (2011; 2013) sobre as Categorias Teóricas para a Gestão Social (2011), em que o autor, baseado na dialética negativa, aborda onze categorias. Foi analisada a inter-relação dessas categorias através das três principais: Interesse Bem Compreendido, Esfera Pública e Emancipação. O artigo avança na discussão sobre as implicações do conceito de emancipação para essa perspectiva teórica para a Gestão Social. 
A REPRODUÇÃO DO SER SOCIAL E A MEDIAÇÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Santos Maria Escolástica Moura , Jimenez Maria Suana Vasconcelos , Gonçalves Ruth Maria de Paula
Published: January 2019

Resumo

Este trabalho discute o processo de reprodução do ser social com base na perspectiva da ontologia marxiano-lukacsiana que considera o trabalho como ato gênese, responsável pela individuação e pela generidade. Deste modo, a reprodução se refere ao movimento de continuidade do ser que se dá tanto na esfera biológica quanto social e tem o complexo da educação como um importante mediador desse processo. Entretanto, na sociedade capitalista a educação assume um formato diferenciado e passa a atender mais aos interesses de classes do que ao processo de humanização verdadeiramente.

Palavras-chave: Ser social. Trabalho. Educação. Capitalismo.
O TRABALHO PEDAGÓGICO NA ESCOLA E A PRÁXIS PEDAGÓGICA: ALGUNS APONTAMENTOS
Authors: Dalla Nora Daiane , Welter Janaíne , Welter Jaqueline , Ribas João Francisco Magno , Ferreira Liliana Soares
Published: January 2019

O objetivo deste estudo consiste em analisar a evidência da práxis pedagógica na escola. Esta investigação tem como abordagem a análise dialética e como procedimento um estudo, cujas técnicas de produção de dados são a pesquisa teórica e sua sistematização. A práxis criadora, reflexiva, revolucionária, produtiva, política e social, possibilita uma ação objetiva que visa à transformação da realidade concreta. Evidenciou-se que os sentidos do trabalho pedagógico recuperam-se através da práxis pedagógica, que é o trabalho pedagógico em uma etapa superior, quando visa à transformação consciente e sistemática da realidade. A evidência da práxis pedagógica na escola se dá a partir de um projeto histórico social de autonomia dos sujeitos.
COMMODIFICAÇÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR EM TEMPOS DE HEGEMONIA FINANCEIRIZADA
Authors: De Paula Alisson Slider do Nascimento , Lima Kátia Regina Rodrigues , Costa Frederico Jorge Ferreira , Ferreira Emmanoel Lima
Published: January 2019

O presente artigo objetiva expor os elementos subjacentes ao processo de commodificação da educação superior sob o viés da hegemonia financeirizada do capital. Para trato teórico-metodológico, utilizou-se as bases do materialismo histórico-dialético, compreendendo o objeto como um todo articulado. Como procedimento, trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Considerou-se que a educação superior localizada no cenário de mundialização do capital, hegemonizado pelo rentismo, é concebida como mercadoria a ser comercializada no mercado educacional. Esse processo tem especificidades em função do Brasil ocupar posição dependente dentro do metabolismo global do capital.
Praxis: Idealismo y Materialismo en Alemania y México
Authors: Gandler Stefan
Published: January 2019

Ante la actual tendencia –existente de cierta manera aún en el actual discurso filosófico dominante– de reducir la compleja relación entre lo ideal y subjetivo, por un lado, y lo material y objetivo-corporal, por el otro, a algo que se puede arreglar, reparar, mejorar e incluso sustituir por intervenciones de diferente tipo, cuyo único límite es el de los recursos económicos disponibles, por el momento y por el interesado o la interesada, vale la pena retomar algunas reflexiones de un autor frankfurtiano absolutamente subestimado el día de hoy en el debate mundial, cuya memoria ha sido ocultada por gritos de aleluya de los adeptos de otra corrientes filosóficas, cuyo manera de proceder se parece a veces más a la de vendedores de seguros que a la de pensadores (críticos, o por lo menos serios).
ESTUDO PRELIMINAR DA RELAÇÃO ENTRE A IGREJA E O ESTADO NA EDUCAÇÃO BRASILEIRA E DE SUA INFLUÊNCIA NA ABORDAGEM TEÓRICA DOS OBJETOS DAS CIÊNCIAS NATURAIS
Authors: Silva Hugo Rodrigues
Published: January 2019

Ao longo do processo histórico de constituição do Estado Brasileiro identifica-se a atuação da Igreja como partido ideológico das classes dominantes, seja instituindo o poder aos monarcas e imperadores, em aliança com os nobres, seja ao lado da burguesia industrial e financeira. O trabalho analisou a influência das instituições religiosas nas diretrizes educacionais produzidas no parlamento, por meio da análise crítica das legislações aprovadas no Congresso. Observou-se que as igrejas conservaram seus privilégios e imprimiram sua doutrina em grande parte dos documentos legais, e que o Ensino Religioso, sem contar com objeto de estudo bem delimitado, aborda conteúdos mediados por outras disciplinas sob a óptica de sua doutrina.
Palavras-chave: Estado; religião; educação; Ciências Naturais.
DO COMUNISMO AO MARXISMO
Authors: Coggiola Osvaldo Luis Angel
Published: January 2019

O comunismo consolidou-se politicamente na segunda metade do século XIX; sua identificação com o marxismo teve um longo percurso. Este texto trata das teorias sobre comunismo e socialismo em seu processo histórico. Aponta que Marx e Engels trouxeram ao comunismo uma capacidade de formular seus objetivos baseada numa síntese de conhecimentos que nenhum de seus teóricos pregressos possuía.
TECNOLOGIAS DA INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO NA EDUCAÇÃO: AVANÇO NO PROCESSO DE HUMANIZAÇÃO OU FENÔMENO DE ALIENAÇÃO?
Authors: Ferreira Benedito Pinheiro
Published: January 2019

<span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Garamond; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Este artigo busca contribuir com o debate sobre o uso das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) na educação escolar, sob a referência da pedagogia histórico-crítica. São destacados aspectos a serem levados em conta nesse debate, a partir da concepção de que a educação escolar representa um campo específico da luta de classes. Discutem-se as possibilidades de fetichização dessas tecnologias em um mundo onde o determinismo tecnológico faz parte do pensamento hegemônico, amplamente marcado pelas disputas de significados, e pelas pressões dos grupos hegemônicos para a produção e circulação de mercadorias. A partir da crítica a esse sentido hegemônico, enfatiza-se o potencial das TIC como elemento enriquecedor do trabalho educativo, sob a condição destas serem apropriadas de forma subordinada a fins autonomamente determinados, voltados ao processo de humanização do educando.
POR QUE É NECESSÁRIO O TRABALHO EDUCATIVO FUNDAMENTADO NA PEDAGOGIA HISTÓRICO-CRÍTICA NAS ESCOLAS DO CAMPO E DO MST?
Authors: Nicola Lavoura Tiago
Published: January 2019

O artigo busca delinear as contribuições da pedagogia histórico-crítica para a formação dos indivíduos das escolas do campo. Para tanto, faz uma análise dos fundamentos pedagógicos do MST, demonstrando que a educação do campo e, em seu âmbito, a educação do MST, sofrem resquícios das pedagogias hegemônicas do “aprender a aprender”. Por fim, intenta-se defender a pedagogia histórico-crítica na educação do campo e do MST, como forma de se possibilitar em cada indivíduo singular, direta e intencionalmente, a formação plena de conteúdos os quais são produzidos pelo conjunto da humanidade.
PEDAGOGIA HISTÓRICO-CRÍTICA E SEXUALIDADE NA EDUCAÇÃO ESCOLAR: CONSIDERAÇÕES A PARTIR DA ANÁLISE DO TEMA “ORIENTAÇÃO SEXUAL ” NOS PARÂMETROS CURRICULARES NACIONAIS
Authors: Da Silva Marcio Magalhaes
Published: January 2019

<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Garamond; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: ";Times New Roman";; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Este artigo analisa como o tema “orientação sexual” foi inserido no currículo oficial brasileiro a partir de alguns pressupostos da pedagogia histórico-crítica, tais como a definição de conhecimentos clássicos e o papel que essa corrente pedagógica atribui à educação escolar. Nesse sentido, questiona-se a relevância do tema para a formação individual e se apresentam algumas considerações sobre como ele poderia ser abordado nas escolas sob a perspectiva da superação da sociedade capitalista.
MANIFESTO DOS INSPETORES DE ENSINO DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO AO MAGISTÉRIO E À SOCIEDADE FLUMINENSES
Authors: Lemme Paschoal
Published: January 2019

Decorrido que é o primeiro ano de nossa atividade como Inspetores de Ensino do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, para a qual Ingressamos através de concurso, na administração Celso Kelly, e ao iniciar-se o período escolar de 1934, julgamos de oportunidade o nosso pronunciamento de público, em face dos fatos concretos que exprimem o ambiente educacional fluminense. Se assim fazemos, obedecemos também a um fim educativo: o que vai escrito se oferece ao magistério do Estado e a todos que, de alguma forma, procuraram interessar-se pelo nosso trabalho, como um documento afirmativo dos conceitos esparsos que nos foi dado defender durante esse ano, ao sabor do próprio desenvolvimento de nossa atividade. Sob muitos aspectos, nossa palavra aqui deve ser considerada como uma resposta às críticas que, no âmbito das idéias, suscitamos, porque naturalmente deveríamos suscitar. A ninguém escapa que em uma campanha da natureza da que encetamos, pregando uma reforma de ideais, deva haver, necessariamente, do outro lado, todo um mundo de reacionários, que são por si mesmos a mais evidente justificativa da própria pregação. O que se contém nesse nosso gesto é dirigido, pois, a aliados e contrários, nesses últimos se compreendendo a ponderável massa amorfa dos que ainda se conservam indiferentes, por ser, além de tudo o mais, uma definição consciente de convicções frente à hora social em que vivemos.
EXPEDIENTE
Authors: Peixoto Elza Margarida de Mendonça
Published: January 2019

Dados de edição sobre o Volume 7, n. 2, publicado em 31/12/2015
Sarcosine is a prostate epigenetic modifier that elicits aberrant methylation patterns through the SAMe‐Dnmts axis
Authors: Strmiska Vladislav , Michalek Petr , Lackova Zuzana , Guran Roman , Krizkova Sona , Vanickova Lucie , Zitka Ondrej , Stiborova Marie , Eckschlager Tomas , Klejdus Borivoj , Pacik Dalibor , Tvrdikova Eliska , Keil Claudia , Haase Hajo , Adam Vojtech , Heger Zbynek
Published: January 2019

DNA hypermethylation is one of the most common epigenetic modifications in prostate cancer (PCa). Several studies have delineated sarcosine as a PCa oncometabolite that increases the migration of malignant prostate cells while decreasing their doubling time. Here, we show that incubation of prostate cells with sarcosine elicited the upregulation of sarcosine N‐demethylation enzymes, sarcosine dehydrogenase and pipecolic acid oxidase. This process was accompanied by a considerable increase in the production of the major methyl‐donor S‐adenosylmethionine (SAMe), together with an elevation of cellular methylation potential. Global DNA methylation analyses revealed increases in methylated CpG islands in distinct prostate cell lines incubated with sarcosine, but not in cells of nonprostate origin. This phenomenon was further associated with marked upregulation of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts). Epigenetic changes were recapitulated through blunting of Dnmts using the hypomethylating agent 5‐azacytidine, which was able to inhibit sarcosine‐induced migration of prostate cells. Moreover, spatial mapping revealed concomitant increases in sarcosine, SAMe and Dnmt1 in histologically confirmed malignant prostate tissue, but not in adjacent or nonmalignant tissue, which is in line with the obtained in vitro data. In summary, we show here for the first time that sarcosine acts as an epigenetic modifier of prostate cells and that this may contribute to its oncometabolic role.
Factors Associated With Opioid Use in Presurgical Knee, Hip, and Spine Osteoarthritis Patients
Authors: Power J. Denise , Perruccio Anthony V. , Gandhi Rajiv , Veillette Christian , Davey J. Roderick , Lewis Stephen J. , Syed Khalid , Mahomed Nizar N. , Rampersaud Y. Raja
Published: January 2019

Objective

To evaluate rates of prescription opioid use among patients with presurgical knee, hip, and spine osteoarthritis (OA) and associations between use and sociodemographic and health status characteristics.

Methods

Participants were patients with presurgical, end‐stageOAof the knee (n = 77), hip (n = 459), and spine (n = 168). Data were collected on current use of opioids and other pain medications, as well as measures of sociodemographic and health status variables and depression and pain (0–10 numeric rating scale). Rates of opioid use were calculated by sex, age, and surgical site. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations between opioid use (sometimes/daily versus never) and other study variables.

Results

The mean age of participants was 65.6 years; 55.5% were women, 15% of patients reported “sometimes” using opioids, and 15% reported “daily use.” Use of opioids was highest among patients with spineOA(40%) and similar among patients with knee and hipOA(28% and 30%, respectively). Younger women (ages <65 years) reported the greatest use of opioids overall, particularly among patients with spineOA. From multivariable logistic regression, greater likelihood of opioid use was significantly associated with spineOA(versus kneeOA), obesity, being a current or former smoker, higher symptomatic joint count, greater depressive symptoms, greater pain, and current use of other prescription pain medication.

Conclusion

Nearly one‐third of patients with presurgicalOAused prescription opioid medication. Given the questionable efficacy of opioids inOAand risk of adverse effects, higher opioid use among younger individuals and those with depressive symptoms is of concern and warrants further investigation.
Materials‐Informatics‐Assisted High‐Yield Synthesis of 2D Nanomaterials through Exfoliation
Authors: Nakada Gentoku , Igarashi Yasuhiko , Imai Hiroaki , Oaki Yuya
Published: January 2019

A variety of inorganic and organic nanosheets with characteristic structures and properties can be synthesized through exfoliation of layered materials. However, in general, immense time and efforts are required for exploration of exfoliation conditions and characterization of nanosheets. In addition, it is challenging to improve the yield of nanosheets obtained through exfoliation. Here a materials‐informatics‐assisted high‐yield synthesis of nanosheets is proposed, which does not require experience and intuition. Layered composites containing inorganic layers and interlayer organic guests are delaminated into nanosheets in a variety of dispersion media. First, an experimental screening is performed to find efficient exfoliation conditions and obtain a training dataset for the informatics approach. Sparse modeling is then used facilitating the extraction of important factors predicting the yield of nanosheets. High‐yield (up to ≈50%) synthesis of nanosheets is demonstrated in unknown systems in a minimum number of experiments. The yield is higher than those typically reported for layered materials. It is expected that the effective combination has potentials for not only discovery of compounds but also structure control of materials.
A new method for online monitoring of boiling process in mini‐channels
Authors: He Yuchen , Ye Xin , Ji Haifeng , Huang Zhiyao , Wang Baoliang , Li Haiqing
Published: January 2019

A new method for online monitoring of boiling process, which is suitable for conductive fluids in mini‐channels, is proposed with the introduction of contactless conductivity detection (CCD) technique and perceptron algorithm (PA) technique. Series resonance principle and simulated inductor technique were adopted to develop a new CCD sensor. PA was used to implement the boiling stage identification, i.e., to identify the current stage was which stage of the boiling process. Three prototypes of the CCD sensors with inner diameters of 1.6, 2.0, and 2.5 mm were developed. With three kinds of conductive fluids (tap water, ethanol–tap water mixture, and KCl solution), boiling experiments were carried out. The experimental results show that the CCD sensor can effectively track the bubble growth of boiling process. The research results also indicate that the proposed method is effective and the identification accuracies are greater than 90.0%. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: 1365–1375, 2019
Study of the filter cake formed due to the sedimentation of monodispersed and bidispersed particles using discrete element method–computational fluid dynamics simulations
Authors: Deshpande Ruturaj , Antonyuk Sergiy , Iliev Oleg
Published: January 2019

This study aims to investigate the sedimentation and the consolidation of the packed bed/cake formed due to the monodispersed and bidispersed particles under different flow conditions. Mutual interactions between the bidispersed particles and the liquid are considered by using a polydispersed drag model. The attractive force is considered by using the JKR model. Sensitivity of the void fraction of a sedimented packed bed/cake due to particle–particle interaction parameters is studied. Furthermore, the effect of the fluid flow is analyzed by performing the simulations in two stages. In the first stage, packed bed/cake is formed by the sedimentation of the particles in the absence of the fluid forces and in the second stage flow through the packed bed/cake is simulated by using the CFD coupled with the discrete element method. Based on the simulations, correlations between the sedimented and the consolidated void fractions are developed. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: 1294–1303, 2019
Sequential model identification of reaction systems—The missing path between the incremental and simultaneous approaches
Authors: Srinivasan Sriniketh , Billeter Julien , Bonvin Dominique
Published: January 2019

Modeling chemical reaction systems is an important but complex task. The identified kinetic model must be able to explain all the underlying rate processes such as chemical reactions and heat and mass transfers. Traditionally, the modeling task is carried out using a simultaneous approach, which, for model prediction, requires having model candidates for all rate processes. The simultaneous approach leads to statistically optimal parameter estimates in the maximum‐likelihood sense, but it can be computationally expensive due to its combinatorial nature. The incremental approach, via either rates or extents, was introduced as an alternative to the simultaneous approach. It is characterized by the fact that each rate process can be modeled individually, that is, independently of the other rate processes. Hence, the incremental approach is computationally more attractive, however, at the price of not guaranteeing statistically optimal parameter estimates. This article proposes a novel sequential approach that combines the advantages of the incremental and simultaneous approaches. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: 1211–1221, 2019
22q11.2 duplications in a UK cohort with bladder exstrophy–epispadias complex
Authors: Beaman Glenda M. , Woolf Adrian S. , Cervellione Raimondo M. , Keene David , Mushtaq Imran , Urquhart Jill E. , Stuart Helen M. , Newman William G.
Published: January 2019

The bladder exstrophy–epispadias complex (BEEC) comprises of a spectrum of anterior midline defects, all affecting the lower urinary tract, the external genitalia, and the bony pelvis. In extreme cases, the gastrointestinal tract is also affected. The pathogenesis of BEEC is unclear but chromosomal aberrations have been reported. In particular, duplications of 22q11.2 have been identified in eight unrelated individuals with BEEC. The current study aimed to identify chromosomal copy number variants in BEEC. Analyses was performed using the Affymetrix Genome‐wide SNP6.0 assay in 92 unrelated patients cared for by two UK pediatric urology centers. Three individuals had a 22q11.2 duplication, a significantly higher number than that found in a control group of 12,500 individuals with developmental delay who had undergone microarray testing (p < .0001). Sequencing of CRKL, implicated in renal tract malformations in DiGeorge syndrome critical region at 22q11, in 89 individuals with BEEC lacking 22q11 duplications revealed no pathogenic variants. To date, 22q11.2 duplication is the genetic variant most commonly associated with BEEC. This is consistent with the hypothesis that altered expression of a single, yet to be defined, gene therein is critical to the pathogenesis of this potentially devastating congenital disorder.
Use of backscattered scanning electron microscopy to quantify the bone tissues of mid‐thoracic human ribs
Authors: Beresheim Amy C. , Pfeiffer Susan K. , Grynpas Marc D. , Alblas Amanda
Published: January 2019

Objectives

Novel information on apartheid health conditions may be obtained through the study of recent skeletal collections. Using a backscattered scanning electron microscopy (BSE‐SEM) approach, this study aims to produce bone quality and tissue mineralization data for an understudied South African population from the Western Cape province.

Methods

Using BSE‐SEM imaging, cortical porosity (Ct.Po), osteocyte lacunar density (Ot.Lc.Dn), and the degree of tissue mineralization were quantified in mid‐thoracic ribs from the Kirsten Skeletal Collection. Individuals (
nfemale = 75,
nmale = 68, and mean age = 46.3 years) were predominantly from the South Africa Colored (SAC) population group (
nSAC = 103, 72%). Full cross‐sectional images of each rib were manually stitched together in Adobe Photoshop. Photomontages were imported into MATALB (Mathworks, Natick, MA) for image processing and analysis. Age‐related changes in histomorphometric parameters and sex differences were examined using correlation analysis, as well as linear and nonlinear regressions.

Results

Young adult men have significantly less mineralized bone and fewer osteocyte lacunae, compared to women. Only men demonstrate a significant negative relationship between Ot.Lc.Dn and age. Average tissue mineralization decreases with age in women, while Ct.Po increases. Pore area (Po.Ar) does not vary with age, but pore density (Po.Dn) is highest in the perimenopause, when accelerated rates of bone turnover are first anticipated. Ct.Po is highest in the years following the predicted age of menopause, but levels off in the final decades of life.

Conclusions

Men and women display disparate patterns of bone aging. Systemic disenfranchisement of non‐white population groups affected bone health in South Africa, and may continue to do so today. Indicators of poor bone quality are evident in the full study sample, indicating that osteoporosis and fracture risk are not just of concern to the aged white female population.
Clinicopathologic traits and prognostic factors associated with pediatric sinonasal rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Siddiqui Sana H. , Siddiqui Emaad , Bavier Rich D. , Patel Nirali M. , Kiliç Suat , Baredes Soly , Hsueh Wayne D. , Eloy Jean Anderson
Published: January 2019

Background

Pediatric sinonasal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive and rare malignancy. This is the first multi‐institutional study on the prognostic factors associated with outcomes in this population.

Methods

The National Cancer Database was queried for the period from 2004 to 2013 for all cases of malignant sinonasal RMS in the pediatric population. The impact of patients’ demographics, tumor characteristics, and Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group (IRSG) staging on survival was assessed using chi‐square test, Fisher's exact test, Kaplan‐Meier test, and Cox regression analyses.

Results

A total of 157 cases of pediatric sinonasal RMS were identified. Mean age at diagnosis was 9.38 years and male patients comprised 48.4% of the cohort. The nasal cavity (31.8%) and maxillary sinus (30.6%) were the most common primary sites. Alveolar was the most common histology (49.7%), followed by embryonal type (32.5%). The majority of patients received solely chemoradiation (52.9%), followed by surgery with adjuvant chemoradiation (30.6%). Five‐year overall survival (OS) was 55.2% (±4.5%). Metastatic disease was associated with a poorer 5‐year OS rate (24.4% vs 61.5%; p = 0.010). Maxillary sinus site was associated with an improved survival (71.8% vs 47.6%; p = 0.009). On multivariate analysis, chemoradiation with or without surgery was an additional prognostic factor. Although IRSG clinical stages did not correlate with survival, high‐risk patients in the IRSG clinical risk groups were associated with poorer survival on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio [HR], 2.005; 95% confidence interval, 1.007‐3.993; p = 0.048).

Conclusion

To date, this is the largest study on pediatric sinonasal RMS. IRSG clinical risk groups may be useful in stratifying high‐risk patients with poor prognosis.
The intraoperative accuracy of maxillary balloon dilation: a blinded trial
Authors: Jensen Brett T. , Holbrook Eric H. , Chen Philip G. , Luong Amber U. , Marino Michael J. , Yao William C.
Published: January 2019

Background

Balloon sinus dilation (BSD) is a commonly performed sinus procedure in the United States. Several cadaveric studies have evaluated BSD accuracy and the maxillary sinus has consistently been shown to be the most challenging to cannulate. We designed an independent study to evaluate the intraoperative accuracy of maxillary sinus BSD.

Methods

A prospective, single‐blinded trial evaluating the accuracy of maxillary sinus BSD was performed using 2 commercially available BSD systems (guidewire‐ and probe‐based systems) randomly assigned to patients undergoing endoscopic surgery for chronic rhinosinusitus without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) or a skullbase approach in patients without sinus disease. All patients underwent maxillary BSD followed by uncinectomy to reveal dilation of the natural maxillary sinus ostia. The recorded procedures were reviewed by 3 fellowship‐trained rhinologists from different institutions blinded to the BSD system utilized. The primary endpoint compared accuracy of maxillary BSD attempts. The secondary endpoint compared accuracy between the 2 systems.

Results

Twenty‐nine maxillary BSD procedures were performed in 18 patients (age range, 20‐79 years; mean, 51 years) without nasal polyposis undergoing maxillary antrostomy as part of a more extensive procedure. BSD was successful in 18 of 29 (62%) attempts and unsuccessful in 9 of 29 (31%) attempts, with statistically “almost perfect” interrater agreement (kappa = 0.86). There was no statistical difference between the 2 BSD systems (p = 0.81).

Conclusion

Maxillary BSD appeared to be less accurate in living patients when compared with findings from previously published cadaver studies. There were no differences in accuracy between the probe‐ and guidewire‐based systems. This is the first non‒industry‐sponsored study evaluating maxillary sinus BSD in living patients. Further studies are needed to investigate the clinical implications of our findings.
Reinforcing effects of aminosilane‐functionalized graphene on the tribological and mechanical behaviors of epoxy nanocomposites
Authors: Amirbeygi Hesam , Khosravi Hamed , Tohidlou Esmaeil
Published: January 2019

In this study, aminopropyl trimethoxysilane as an interfacial modifier was introduced on the surface of graphene (Gr) nanoplatelets. The effects of the silane‐modified graphene (SGr) loading (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt %) and silane modification on the tensile, compressive, interlaminar shear stress (ILSS), and tribological properties of the epoxy‐based nanocomposites were investigated. Out of these specimens, the highest values of ILSS and compressive strength were related to the 0.3 wt % SGr–epoxy nanocomposite. The addition of SGr enhanced the tensile strength and strain to failure only at low contents (i.e., 0.05 wt %). Also, the tensile and compressive moduli were improved, and the highest values were observed at a 0.5 wt % SGr loading. In addition, decreases of approximately 40 and 68% in the coefficient of friction and wear rate, respectively, were observed at a 0.3 wt % SGr loading. Enhanced tensile, compressive, ILSS, and wear properties in the SGr–epoxy specimens were observed compared to those in the Gr–epoxy specimens. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47410.
Nanocomposites of ultrahigh molar mass polyethylene and modified carbon nanotubes
Authors: Aguiar Vinicius O. , Pita Victor J. R. R. , Marques Maria de Fatima V.
Published: January 2019

In this work, the use of a laboratory twin‐screw extruder was evaluated to process ultrahigh molar mass polyethylene and composites with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Commercial polymer samples with lubricant (1%) and different percentages (0.01%, 0.05%, and 0.1%) of pure, oxidized, and chemically surface treated multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were evaluated. The results showed that polymer melting and crystallization temperatures were not affected by CNTs, although an increase in the degree of crystallinity in all nanocomposites was observed along with a decrease in crystal size. Therefore, CNTs behaved as nucleating agents. All ultrahigh molar mass polyethylene (UHMWPE)/CNT samples showed increased initial degradation temperature, although this was not very great when introducing acetylated and stearic acid modified CNTs. Both oxidized CNTs and stearic acid CNTs did not markedly improve the composites' mechanical properties. Therefore, the nanocomposites containing pure CNTs and most of those with acetylated CNTs resulted in higher reinforcement for UHMWPE. The addition of the lubricant allowed the polymer matrix to be processed in the extruder, whereas the increase in CNT content in UHMWPE improved the stiffness of the material. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47459
Evaluation of maleic acid‐based copolymers containing polyoxyethylene ether as inhibitors for CaCO3 scale
Authors: Wang Liang‐Chen , Zhu Chen‐Guo , Liu Hong‐Bin , Zhao Wei‐Dong , Che Yao , Zhang Qiao‐Ling , Wang Liang‐Bi
Published: January 2019

Polymer scale inhibitors have been widely used to reduce the loss caused by mineral scaling in circulating cooling water systems. In this article, four maleic acid‐based copolymers [hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride (HPMA)‐AEO] containing different fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (such as AEO‐9, AEO‐10, AEO‐15, and AEO‐20) are prepared by the way of free‐radical copolymerization and characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 1H NMR, and gel permeation chromatographic (GPC) techniques. The effects of HPMA‐AEO on CaCO3 scale are studied in several aspects (such as dose, Ca2+ concentration, temperature, inhibition time, pH, the ratio of EO:carboxyl, and the relative supersaturation of CaCO3 solution) by static experiments. The CaCO3 scaling process with dosing of HPMA‐AEO‐9 is investigated under dynamic tests. CaCO3 deposits and precipitate in the presence of HPMA‐AEO‐9 are analyzed using scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the performance of HPMA‐AEO against CaCO3 scale highly depends upon the ratio of EO:carboxyl; the introduction of AEO group can significantly improve the performance of HPMA‐AEO to tolerate high alkalinity, high hardness, and high temperature; the presence of HPMA‐AEO‐9 can obviously affect the CaCO3 scaling process on the tube wall through interfering with nucleation process and crystal growth process and significantly alter the surface morphology and crystal form of CaCO3 deposits. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47470
Fabrication and characterization of centrifugally spun poly(acrylic acid) nanofibers
Authors: De la Garza David , De Santiago Francisco , Materon Luis , Chipara Mircea , Alcoutlabi Mataz
Published: January 2019

The production of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) nanofibers by the centrifugal spinning of PAA solutions in water is reported. The effect of the spinneret rotational speed and concentration of PAA solutions on the diameter of nanofibers and on their quality (assessed by the absence of beads) is discussed. The main physical properties of PAA such as glass‐transition temperature (Tg) are studied in detail and compared to the feature of the as‐received homopolymer. It is shown that the glass‐transition temperature of the bulk PAA and PAA nanofibers (as measured by differential scanning calorimetry) depends on the heating rate according to a Williams–Landel–Ferry‐like equation. Raman spectroscopy data provided additional information about the differences between the as‐received polymer and the nanofibers. Preliminary results on antibacterial properties of the PAA nanofibers are reported. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47480.
Bonded aerospace repairs under tensile loading: Wet chemical surface treatment and selected environmental conditions
Authors: Röper Florian , Wolfahrt Markus , Schlögl Sandra , Kucher Georg , Pinter Gerald
Published: January 2019

Repair of composite structures and the impact of demanding environmental conditions is a crucial issue for the aircraft industry because of the increasing use of composites in modern aircraft. Consequently, the impact of environmental conditions common for aircraft applications on repair specimens in comparison to nonrepaired specimens is studied. All specimens are produced from a woven carbon fiber‐reinforced epoxy‐based prepreg. For the repair‐specimens, an epoxy‐based film adhesive is used for the soft patch repair approach. During the repair process, the surface of the precured prepreg is prepared by a mechanical method (sanding) and an additional chemical functionalization, respectively. Moisture absorption of the repair specimens is independent of the surface preparation method and higher for the repaired than for the nonrepaired specimens. The key influencing environmental conditions for the tensile strength and the failure mode of the repair specimens are elevated temperature testing as well as hot/wet conditioning and conditioning in deionized water. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47506.
Exploring ligand–protein interaction: A laboratory exercise on herbicide binding to plasma transport protein
Authors: Roslan Amira Adlin , Tayyab Saad
Published: January 2019

A laboratory exercise on the interaction between the herbicide pendimethalin (PM) and goat serum albumin (GSA), a carrier protein present in mammalian blood circulation, is described. Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to study the binding reaction between PM and GSA. Titration of a constant amount of the protein (GSA) with increasing ligand (PM) concentrations produced a consecutive decrease in the protein's fluorescence. Treatment of the fluorescence quenching data according to the Stern–Volmer equation yielded the values of the Stern–Volmer constant (Ksv) and bimolecular quenching rate constant (kq), whereas values of the binding constant (Ka) and number of binding sites (n) were obtained from the double logarithmic plot. This experiment provides an exciting opportunity for undergraduate students to independently perform ligand binding studies with a protein, in addition to providing the means for the determination of their binding parameters. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(2): 156–160, 2019.
Can multinational companies foster institutional change and sustainable development in emerging countries? A case study
Authors: Forcadell Francisco Javier , Aracil Elisa
Published: January 2019

Emerging countries present institutional necessities that hinder their sustainable development. In the face of this challenge, companies, and in particular multinational companies (MNCs), can foster sustainable development through their corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives. This study focuses on the role of institutional change in transforming CSR into sustainable development in emerging countries. To this end, we propose a view of CSR focused on its institutional determinants and outcomes from a social and developmental perspective. By using quantitative and qualitative data, we analyse the case of three MNCs from different industries based in Europe and operating in Mexico. The case study shows how firms can stimulate institutional change in developing economies and contribute to their sustainable development as measured by the sustainable development goals. Various mechanisms about how this process is made are devised: institutional entrepreneurship, multistakeholder initiatives, interconnection of different institutional dimensions, and subsidiary entrepreneurship. The case study highlights the interaction among MNCs, developing countries, and institutions and how firms' sustainable actions scale up to the macro level.
Mandatory corporate social responsibility in India and its effect on corporate financial performance: Perspectives from institutional theory and resource‐based view
Authors: Nair Asha K.S. , Bhattacharyya Som Sekhar
Published: January 2019

The enactment of the Companies Act of 2013 in India mandating CSR spending is a regulatory pressure from the government. Institutional theory suggests that such regulatory pressure has an impact on firm heterogeneity and consequently on the competitive advantage of a firm. On the other hand, a firm's resources and capabilities like R&D expertise, advertising intensity and staff welfare& training intensity leads to firm heterogeneity and helps firm to achieve competitive advantage. So, this paper combines the insights of the resource‐based view with the institutional perspective from the organization theory to study the combined impact of both on financial performance. The study was conducted on Indian firms which belonged to the top thousand firms by sales for the time‐period between the years 2010 and 2018. The data was collected from CMIE Prowess database.
Follow best practices for death investigations
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: January 2019

“Follow the facts. Don't let the facts follow you.” That's the key takeaway for investigating a death on campus, said Mark Emoto, retired director of public safety from the University of Redlands and also retired from the San Bernardino Police Department, both in California. He spoke at the annual College and University Police and Investigators Conference.
Significant Discovery of Tetrahydrothieno[3,2‐c]pyridine‐2‐carboxamide Analogs as Potent P2Y12 Receptor Antagonists
Authors: Bhalekar Sujit B. , Shelke Sharad N.
Published: January 2019

A series of analogs containing tetrahydrothieno[3,2‐c]pyridine‐2‐carboxamide as a building block with numerous alicyclic and aromatic amines were synthesized. All analogs were characterized by spectral analysis and evaluated for their in vitro antiplatelet activity. 4‐Fluorophenyl amide derivatives (compounds 8–11) have been found to be most active in the series with respect to prasugrel and aspirin, a third generation antiplatelet agents (P2Y12 receptor antagonists). Docking study also manifested the admirable binding mode of in vitro active compounds 10 and 11 with the target protein. The results may provide a new perception for future pharmacophore with simple design strategy and avoid tedious synthesis of clopidogrel and prasugrel.
The influence of Elixhauser comorbidity index on percutaneous coronary intervention outcomes
Authors: Potts Jessica , Nagaraja Vinayak , Al Suwaidi Jassim , Brugaletta Salvatore , Martinez Sara C. , Alraies Chadi , Fischman David , Kwok Chun Shing , Nolan Jim , Mylotte Darren , Mamas Mamas A.
Published: January 2019

Background

Clinical outcomes with respect to the evolution of comorbidity burden in national cohorts of patients undergoing PCI have not been reported.

Objectives

We sought to explore the association between comorbidity burden and periprocedural outcomes in patients treated with PCI in the National Inpatient Sample.

Methods

6,601,526 PCI procedures were identified between 2004 and 2014 and comorbidities were defined by the Elixhauser classification system (ECS) consisting of 30 comorbidity measures. Endpoints included in‐hospital mortality, periprocedural complications, length of stay and cost. Patients were classified based on their ECS in five categories (ECS I < 0, ECS II = 0, ECS III = 1–5, ECS IV = 6–13, and ECS V ≥ 14).

Results

Patients with a score over 13 had a fivefold increase in the odds of mortality (OR: 5.13, 95% CI: 4.76–5.54), major bleeding (OR: 11.46, 95% CI: 10.66–12.33) and doubled the hospitalization costs ($31,452 vs $17.566).

Conclusions

Our study of over six million PCI procedures demonstrates that patients with the greatest comorbid burden (as defined by an ECS of >13) have a fivefold increase risk of in‐hospital mortality, a fourfold increase in in‐hospital periprocedural complications and an 11‐fold increase in major bleeding events once differences in baseline patient characteristics are adjusted for. In addition, ECS significantly impacts the length of stay and doubles the healthcare costs. Comorbid burden is an important predictor of poor outcomes after PCI and should be considered as part of the decision‐making processes in patients undergoing PCI.
Transcatheter redirection of hepatic venous blood to treat unilateral pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in a Fontan circulation by short‐term total exclusion of the unaffected lung
Authors: Adamson Gregory T. , Peng Lynn F. , Lui George K. , Perry Stanton B.
Published: January 2019

Clinically significant unilateral pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM) can develop in patients with a Fontan circulation when there is unbalanced distribution of hepatic venous (HV) blood flow to the lungs. There are reported surgical and transcatheter techniques to treat PAVMs by rerouting HV return, with promising short‐term results. We report a case of a novel, technically simple transcatheter approach to redirect HV blood flow in an adult Fontan patient with polysplenia syndrome and severe unilateral PAVMs. Our patient had a two‐stage procedure, the first to redirect all HV blood flow to the affected lung with a single covered stent, and a second to confirm resolution of PAVMs and to reintroduce HV effluent to the unaffected lung. At 10‐month follow‐up, her oxygen saturations had increased from 75% to 93% with a marked improvement in her functional status.
Delayed efficacy of radiofrequency catheter ablation on arrhythmias originating in the interventricular basal septum
Authors: Mariani Marco V. , Gatto Maria C. , Piro Agostino , Fedele Francesco , Lavalle Carlo
Published: January 2019

Key Clinical Message

Delayed efficacy of radiofrequency energy can suppress ventricular arrhythmias after a failed ablation procedure. The implant of cardiac defibrillator for arrhythmia‐induced cardiomyopathy should be procrastinated after a period of follow‐up. Waiting for delayed efficacy is a reasonable choice to reduce the risk of complications associated with aggressive ablative approaches.