bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combining the resurrection approach with transplant experiments to investigate adaptation of plant populations to environmental change
Authors: Karitter Pascal , March-Salas Martí , Ensslin Andreas , Rauschkolb Robert , Godefroid Sandrine , Scheepens J
Published: May 2023

Recent climatic changes, such as more frequent droughts and heatwaves, can lead to rapid evolutionary adaptations in plant populations. Such rapid evolution can be investigated using the resurrection approach by comparing plants raised from stored ancestral and contemporary seeds from the same population. This approach has so far only been used in common garden experiments, allowing to reveal genetic differentiation but not adaptation. In this study, we performed a novel approach by testing for evolutionary adaptation in natural plant populations using a resurrection study in combination with in situ transplantations. We cultivated seedlings from ancestors (23-26 years old) and contemporary descendants of three perennial species (Melica ciliata, Leontodon hispidus and Clinopodium vulgare) from calcareous grasslands in the greenhouse and transplanted them back to their collection sites. In addition, we sowed seeds of ancestors and descendants of two species (L. hispidus and C. vulgare) to the collection sites in order to investigate germination rates. In transplanted M. ciliata seedlings, we observed lower mortality, larger plant size and more leaves in descendants compared to ancestors. This indicates that descendants are better adapted than ancestors to the current environmental conditions, which proved to be exceptionally hot and dry during the study period. Descendants of C. vulgare seedlings tended to be smaller and descendants of L. hispidus seedlings produced less leaves compared to their ancestors in their contemporary environmental conditions. In C. vulgare and L. hispidus, we found evolution towards faster germination, and especially descendant seeds of C. vulgare were better adapted to the unfavourable conditions during the experimental period. Concluding, we demonstrate that our novel approach to combine resurrection ecology with transplant experiments is a promising avenue to rigorously test for evolutionary adaptations in changing environments.
Antisense Oligonucleotides: Concepts and Pharmaceutical Applications
Authors: Araya Ariana , Arias David , Coto Karla , López María Rebeca , Rivera Joselyn , Mora Juan José
Published: May 2023

Antisense oligonucleotides are drugs whose mechanism is based on binding to RNA target sequences. For this purpose, they modify the protein expression through steric hindrance and exon omission. Its production involves several steps: synthesis, purification, and lyophilization. Usually, the most complicated procedure is synthesis due to the chemical reactions necessary to add the required oligonucleotide bases. BP1001, inotersen, nusinersen, eteplirsen, and golodirsen are a few antisense drugs developed for treating neurodegenerative and neuromuscular diseases. Although antisense oligonucleotides present off-target reactions, multiple studies are being performed. The following review shows information regarding the pharmaceutical characteristics for industrial production and the current state of applicability in clinical practice. In conclusion, some molecules have already been approved for commercialization (inotersen, nusinersen, ataluren, eteplirsen, and golodirsen), showing them as promising therapeutic solutions in the short and medium term for disorders developed by specific genetic factors.
Clinical Trials: The Role of Regulatory Agencies, Pharmacovigilance Laws, Guidelines, Risk Management, Patenting, and Publicizing Results
Authors: Kandi Venkataramana , Vadakedath Sabitha , Addanki Purna Singh , Godishala Vikram , Pinnelli Venkata Bharatkumar
Published: May 2023

The research carried out to find a better treatment, improve healthcare, and benefit the current medical practice is termed clinical research. Clinical trial includes the pharmacodynamics (mechanisms of action of a new drug), pharmacokinetics (drug metabolism inside the body), therapeutics (efficacy of the drug), and adverse effects (safety of the drug) of the novel medical products. Clinical research is a process that involves human subjects and their biological specimens. The clinical trial is a meticulously planned protocol-based study of a drug/device to discover a new/better way to prevent, diagnose, and treat a disease/illness. Considering the involvement of both healthy and diseased people in clinical trials, the regulatory authorities have a significant role in the processes involving the conduction of clinical research and carefully evaluate their potential implications on humans. Because clinical trials are usually aimed at assessing the safety and efficacy of novel pharmaceutical compounds and medical devices, pharmacovigilance laws and risk management assume increased significance while conducting clinical research/trials. In this review, we attempt to discuss the regulatory authorities' roles in different geographical regions, including the United States of America, The European Union, and India. We also focus on the importance of pharmacovigilance laws and risk management during clinical trials.
Cytotoxic Activity of Ethyl Acetate Extract from Voacanga foetida (Bl.) Rolfe Leaves Against T47D Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Susanty Adriani , Febrina Mira , Putri Dian Sanita , Ikhtiarudin Ihsan , Wahyuni Fatma Sri , Dachriyanus Dachriyanus
Published: May 2023

The cytotoxicity of ethyl acetate extract from Tampa badak (Voacanga foetida (Bl.) Rolfe) leaves against Artemia salina leach larvae was determined using the brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) method and was evaluated against T47D breast cancer cells using MTT assay method. The result of BSLT showed a consistent result with MTT assay, which is the result obtained that ethyl acetate extract is very toxic against A. salina Leach larvae with LC50 value of 8.61 µg/mL and very cytotoxic against T47D breast cancer cells with IC50 values of 0.87; 0.66; and 0.95 µg/mL at the 24, 48 and 72 hours of incubation times, respectively. The MTT assay data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA statistical method to see the effect of the dependent variable (concentration and time) on the independent variable (% viability). Based on the statistical test result, there is a difference in % viability between concentrations of 0.1; 1; and 10 µg/mL (p <0.05), but the length of incubation does not affect % viability (p >0.05).
Early splenectomy in a large cohort of children with sickle cell anemia: risks and consequences
Authors: Mechraoui Aimen , Ithier Ghislaine , Pages Justine , Haouari Zinedine , Ali Liza , Bonnard Arnaud , Benkerrou Malika , Missud Florence , Koehl Berengère , Holvoet Laurent , Le Roux Enora , Brousse Valentine
Published: May 2023

In children with sickle cell anemia (SCA), early splenic complications can require splenectomy, but the benefit-to-risk ratio and the age at which splenectomy may be safely performed remain unclear. To address this question, we analyzed the rate of post-splenectomy events in children with SCA splenectomized between 2000-2018 at the Robert Debré University Hospital, Paris, France. A total of 188 children underwent splenectomy, including 101 (11.9%) from our newborn cohort and 87 referred to our center. Median (Q1-Q3) age at splenectomy was 4.1 years (range 2.5-7.3 years), with 123 (65.4%) and 65 (34.6%) children splenectomized at ≥3 years of age or <3 years of age, respectively. Median postsplenectomy follow-up was 5.9 years (range 2.7-9.2 years) yielding 1192.6 patient-years (PY) of observation. Indications for splenectomy were mainly acute splenic sequestration (101 [53.7%]) and hypersplenism (75 [39.9%]). All patients received penicillin prophylaxis; 98.3% received 23-valent polysaccharic pneumococcal (PPV-23) vaccination, and 91.9% a median number of 4 (range 3-4) pneumococcal conjugate vaccine shots prior to splenectomy. Overall incidence of invasive bacterial infection and thrombo-embolic events were 0.005 / PY (no pneumococcal infections) and 0.003 / PY, respectively, regardless of age at splenectomy. There was an increased proportion of children with cerebral vasculopathy in children splenectomized <3 years of age (0.037 / PY vs. 0.011 / PY; P<0.01). A significantly greater proportion of splenectomized than non-splenectomized children were treated with hydroxycarbamide (77.2% vs. 50.1%; P<0.01), suggesting a more severe phenotype in children who present spleen complications. If indicated, splenectomy should not be delayed in children, provided recommended pneumococcal prophylaxis is available. Spleen complications in childhood may serve as a marker of severity.
Patient-reported treatment response in chronic graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Im Annie , Pusic Iskra , Onstad Lynn , Kitko Carrie L. , Hamilton Betty K. , Alousi Amin M. , Flowers Mary E. , Sarantopoulos Stefanie , Carpenter Paul , White Jennifer , Arai Sally , El Jurdi Najla , Chen George , Cutler Corey , Lee Stephanie , Pidala Joseph
Published: May 2023

Chronic graft vs. host disease (GVHD) treatment response is assessed using NIH Consensus criteria in clinical trials, and by clinician assessment in routine practice. Patient-reported treatment response is central to the experience of chronic GVHD manifestations as well as treatment benefit and toxicity, but how they correlate with clinician- or NIH-responses has not been well studied. We aimed to characterize 6-month patient-reported response, determine associated chronic GVHD baseline organ features and changes, and evaluate which patientreported quality of life and chronic GVHD symptom burden measures correlated with patientreported response. From two nationally representative Chronic GVHD Consortium prospective observational studies, 382 subjects were included in this analysis. Patient and clinician responses were categorized as improved (completely gone, very much better, moderately better, a little better) vs. not improved (about the same, a little worse, moderately worse, very much worse). At 6 months, 270 (71%) patients perceived chronic GVHD improvement, while 112 (29%) perceived no improvement. Patient-reported response had limited correlation with either clinician-reported (kappa 0.37) or NIH chronic GVHD response criteria (kappa 0.18). Notably, patient-reported response at 6 months was significantly associated with subsequent failure-free survival. In multivariate analysis, NIH responses in eye, mouth, and lung had significant association with 6-month patient-reported response, as well as a change in Short Form 36 general health and role physical domains and Lee Symptom Score skin and eye changes. Based on these findings, patient-reported responses should be considered as an important complementary endpoint in chronic GVHD clinical trials and drug development.
Shwachman-Diamond syndromes: clinical, genetic, and biochemical insights from the rare variants
Authors: Kawashima Nozomu , Oyarbide Usua , Cipolli Marco , Bezzerri Valentino , Corey Seth J.
Published: May 2023

Shwachman-Diamond syndrome is a rare inherited bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by neutropenia, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and skeletal abnormalities. In 10-30% of cases, transformation to a myeloid neoplasm occurs. Approximately 90% of patients have biallelic pathogenic variants in the SBDS gene located on human chromosome 7q11. Over the past several years, pathogenic variants in three other genes have been identified to cause similar phenotypes; these are DNAJC21, EFL1, and SRP54. Clinical manifestations involve multiple organ systems and those classically associated with the Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (bone, blood, and pancreas). Neurocognitive, dermatologic, and retinal changes may also be found. There are specific gene-phenotype differences. To date, SBDS, DNAJC21, and SRP54 variants have been associated with myeloid neoplasia. Common to SBDS, EFL1, DNAJC21, and SRP54 is their involvement in ribosome biogenesis or early protein synthesis. These four genes constitute a common biochemical pathway conserved from yeast to humans that involve early stages of protein synthesis and demonstrate the importance of this synthetic pathway in myelopoiesis.
Comparative Study of Changes in the γh2ax and 53bp1 Foci Number in Human Mesenchymal Stromale Cells Incubated with 3H-thymidine or Tritiated Water
Authors:   A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia, Vorobyeva N.Yu. ,   N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia, Osipov A.A. ,   N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia, Chigasova A.K. ,   Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Pustovalova M.V. ,   A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia,   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow region, Russia, Kabanov D.I. ,   A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia, Barchukov V.G. ,   A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia, Kochetkov O.A. ,   A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia, Osipov A.N. ,   A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia,   N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia
Published: May 2023

Purpose: Comparative study of changes in the number of foci of DNA (DSB) marker proteins (γH2AX and 53BP1) in human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) incubated with 3H-thymidine or HTO for 24, 48, and 72 h. Material and methods: We used the primary culture of human MSCs of passage 5–6, obtained from the collection of LLC “BioloT” (Russia). A sterile solution of 3H-thymidine or HTO with a specific activity of 100 to 400 MBq/l was added to the nutrient medium and incubated under standard conditions of a CO2 incubator for 24, 48, and 72 hours. To quantify γH2AX foci and the proportion of proliferating cells using antibodies to γH2AX, 53BP1 and Ki67 (a marker protein for cell proliferation), were used, respectively. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was carried out using the statistical software package Statistica 8.0 (StatSoft). To assess the significance of differences between samples, Student’s t-test was used. Results: Incubation of MSCs with 3H-thymidine with a specific radioactivity of 100-400 MBq/l in the first 24 hours leads to a dose-dependent increase in the number of γH2AX and 53BP1 foci. With a further increase in the incubation time to 48 h and 72 h, a saturation effect is observed ‒ the number of foci reaches a plateau. A statistically significant increase in the number of γH2AX and 53BP1 foci in MSCs incubated with HTO was observed only in actively proliferating cells during the first 24 h of incubation in a medium with specific radioactivity of 300 and 400 MBq/l, after which, with a decrease in proliferative activity, it decreased to control values. Calculations made on the basis of the results of a quantitative analysis of γH2AX and 53BP1 foci after 24 h of incubation of MSCs with tritium compounds obtained in the course of the work show, that under the influence of 3H-thymidine ~ 6 times more DNA double-strand breaks are induced than under the influence of HTO.
Choise of Statistical Processing Methods for the Results of Radcomic Analysis of CT Images of Head and Neck Tumors
Authors:   Tashkent state dental institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Pattokhov A.Sh. , Khodjibekova Yu.M. ,   Tashkent state dental institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Khodjibekov M.Kh. ,   Tashkent medical academy, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Published: May 2023

Purpose: Selection of the optimal method for statistical processing of the results of texture analysis of conventional CT images in patients with head and neck tumors. Material and methods: A total of 118 patients aged from 4 to 80 years with a verified diagnosis of 37 benign and 81 malignant head and neck tumors were studied. Texture analysis was performed using LIFEx program, version 7.10, with statistical processing using SPSS, MedCalc, XLSTAT, R. Results: The 39 texture indicators extracted from CT images were subjected to statistical processing by different methods, including Mann-Whitney U test, correlation matrix, factor analysis, LASSO-regression, ending with the development of a logistic classification model. Of the multiple processing methods, LASSO-regression followed by logistic model was optimal; according to its results, the percentage of correct classification of benign and malignant patient groups was – 81.3 %, area under the ROC curve was 0.902±0.029 (p<0.0001), sensitivity – 82.7 %, specificity – 87.5 %. Conclusion: Texture analysis of medical images allows non-invasive prediction of benign or malignant nature of the imaged head and neck mass. The choice of the correct method for statistical processing of texture analysis results is critical to assess and classify patients according to the nature of the tumor.
Conservation and improvement of native chicken: performance of fourth generation
Authors: Faruque S , Bhuiyan AKFH , Ali Md Yousuf , Joy ZF , Rashid MA
Published: May 2023

Study was conducted at Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka with the objectives (i) to assess the performances of three Indigenous Chicken genotypes under intensive management, (ii) to select parental birds (males and females) and breed them in an assortative design   for the production of fourth generation birds, and (iii) to estimate realized responses to selection to improve 3 Indigenous Chicken genotypes. A total of 1050-day-old chicks comprising of 3 types of chicken namely Naked Neck (NN), Hilly (H) and Non-descript Deshi (ND) were hatched in one batch for this study. In fourth generation (G4), selection was practiced at 40-week of age on the basis of an index comprising the parameters of age at first egg (AFE), body weight (BW), egg production (EP) and egg weight (EW). Improvement target of egg weight was to increase by 1g, egg production rate was to increase by 2 % per generation. The data were analyzed by factorial arrangement in a CRD by General Linear Model (GLM) Univariate Procedure in SPSS Computer Program. Day old chick weight was significantly (p<0.001) highest in H (32.73±0.60 g). Significant (p<0.001) body weight differences among the genotypes were observed at 4th , 8th  and 12th weeks of age , with the highest body weight observed for H genotype (252.66±2.05, 674.68±6.41 and 1193.74±36.34g) than other two genotypes in all stages of age. H genotype (4.05 %) had non-significantly (χ2 = 0.775; p > 0.05) higher chick mortality than ND (3.10 %) and NN (2.92 %) genotypes at 0-8 weeks of age. The egg production up to 280 days was expected to increase by 3.34% for ND, 4.25% for H and 1.93% for NN, respectively. From the values obtained it was obvious that selection was effective in improving the percentage of egg production in three genotypes of chicken. The realized responses in terms of changes in breeding values in egg production and egg weight over generations were 0.722% and 5.349g, respectively. The negative genetic changes in age at first egg (-0.531 days) was in the expected direction. The realized response in age at first egg was found to decrease 0.531 days over two generations of selection. The realized response in the body weight at 40 weeks of age was found to be -0.001g due to selection over three generations. However, the results indicated that the genetic improvement for egg production in Indigenous Chicken will be effective through selection and breeding program. It may be concluded that the economic traits of Indigenous chicken could be improved in future generations through proper selection and planned mating.

Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2017, 2 (1), 37-44
High yielding dairy cattle husbandry and their production performance at Baghabari Milk Vita areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Shahjahan Md
Published: May 2023

The aim of this study was to identify the recent husbandry practices of high yielding dairy cows including their production performances surrounding the Baghabari Milk Vita areas of Bangladesh. The survey was conducted on 15 households of Pabna (Santhia) and Sirajgonj (Shahjadpur) districts. Data were also collected from six bathans at Sahajadpur of Sirajgonj district. Medium scale farming (67%) observed more compared to small (27%) and large (7%) in the studied areas with maximum 20 milch cows. Highest average milk production recorded 213 liters per day in few households and the milk price varied between 31 to 35 BDT per liter.  Most of the farmers (80%) used the semen of Milk Vita because of its excellence (73%) for better productivity in their progenies. About 73% farmers directly depended on Milk Vita for selling their cows’ milk while 27% on contract persons (Ghos). Two feeding systems were available in the surveyed areas based on the availability of greed grass/fodder: stall feeding (July to November) and bathan feeding (December to June). Total number of AI services (1.62) differed according to crossbreeds (P< 0.05) and rearing system (P< 0.01) with peak milk production 17.57 liters per day. Breeding of the high yielding cows was conducted through artificial insemination (80%) and mainly by the free semen of Milk Vita (80%). Hybrid fodder production, ensuring quality feed/ingredients and milk price, and recorded breeding based on predominant breed could strengthen the overall dairying at Baghabari Milk Vita regions of Bangladesh.

Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2017, 2 (1), 60-67
Carps polyculture technique in Mohanpur, Rajshahi region of Bangladesh
Authors: Kobir Md Humaun , Hossain Md Rayhan , Hossain Md Akhtar , Dey Shishir Kumar , Sultana Sayeeda
Published: May 2023

The present study was undertaken with a view to finding out the carps poly-culture technique, pond management and cost analysis in Mohanpur, Rajshahi region of Bangladesh. The study was conducted for a period of four months (October 2010 to February 2011). It provides an overview on the guiding principles, aspects and tasks, and presents the applicable production techniques and patterns of carp polyculture. It is expected that this publication will help identify resources and contribute to the successful planning and realization of fish production by those fish pond owners and operators who need to strengthen and improve their knowledge on the subject.

Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2017, 2 (1), 100-105
Numerical evaluation for two-dimensional integral using higher order Gaussian quadrature
Authors: Suzarina Ahmed Sukri  , Yeak Su Hoe  , Taufiq Khairi Ahmad Khairuddin
Published: May 2023

Presented in this paper is a computational approach that uses higher order Gaussian quadrature to improve the accuracy of the evaluation of an integral. The transformation from ξη space (standard Gaussian) to st space (higher order Gaussian) were shown throughout this paper. Not even that, the efficacy of this higher order Gaussian quadrature were tested by implementing and comparing it with standard Gaussian quadrature over the same integral. Results shown that the evaluation of an integral by using higher order Gaussian quadrature provide accurate and converge results compared to an integral using standard Gaussian quadrature.
A Magyar Nyelvjárások Atlasza I. rész.
Authors: Kornya-Szoboszlay Agnes
Published: May 2023

.
Effects of The Postural Based Telerehabilitation on Pain, Posture, Enegry Consumption and Performance in Mechanic Neck Pain: A Crossectional Study-12-Week Trial
Authors: Yıldırım Şahan Tezel , Türker Duygu , Aksu Büşra Nur , Özcan Melike , Yavaş Elif , Bicici Uluşahin Seda
Published: May 2023

Telerehabilitation can be proposed to individuals with mechanic neck pain to improve functional abilities and limit the risk of early degeneration of the musculoskeletal system due to postural problems. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of 12-week telerehabilitation on pain, posture, performance, and energy consumption in individuals with mechanical neck pain.A telerehabilitation program was applied to 78(23.79 ± 8.95)individuals with mechanic neck pain. A synchronized posture-based exercise program was performed 3 times a week for 12 weeks. Pain, postural measurements, performance, and energy consumption levels were determined for each participant before and after telerehabilitation program. Craniovertebral, shoulder, and eye angle were measured with a smartphone application. Clinical tests were used to measure muscle shortness. Performance measurement was evaluated with the 6-minute walk test. The Physiological Cost Index was used for energy consumption assessment.Craniovertebral angle were increased (p=0.001),eye angles were improved after 12-week telerehabilitation (p=0.002). Shortenedpostural muscles were assessed as in normal length after telerehabilitation (p<0.001). There was a significant increase in performance after telerehabilitation (p=0.001). No significant changes in energy consumption of individuals were found after telerehabilitation (p=0.384).This study showed positive effects of telerehabilitation in individuals with mechanic neck pain on pain, posture, and performance. Telerehabilitation can be suggested as an effective modality to decrease pain, improve posture, and performance in individuals with mechanic neck pain
Aumento da expectativa de vida e crescimento populacional no Brasil e os impactos no número de pessoas vivendo com doenças crônico-degenerativas: desafios para o manejo da Doença de Alzheimer
Authors: Pereira Wandyk Allisson  Bernardes , Oliveira Igor Rodrigues de , Werner Fabrício , Santos Lucas Tomio dos , Furtado Pedro Silveira , Brigagão Renan Vilela , Mayer Ana Júlia Schnorr , Cerdeira Cláudio Daniel
Published: May 2023

A Doença de Alzheimer (DA) e outras demências são doenças crônico-neurodegenerativas que atingem maior incidência na população mais idosa, sendo que estas doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis poderão atingir números alarmantes com o crescimento da população brasileira e o aumento da expectativa de vida, uma vez que nas últimas décadas o aumento exponencial na incidência destas doenças, tais como a DA, tem sido um fenômeno inexorável durante a transição epidemiológica vivenciada no país. De fato, esta transição demográfica tem sido considerada em teorias de ações de saúde no país, contudo, pouco efetivamente tem sido feito na prática, de modo que ainda existem enormes lacunas nas políticas e ações no âmbito da saúde pública que sejam voltadas a suprir as necessidades epidemiológicas locais quanto a atenção voltada a uma complexa rede de atenção em saúde que atenda às expectativas no cuidado com a saúde de populações idosas mais vulneráveis impactadas pelas doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis, visto que este possível aumento implica em um associado aumento na demanda por serviços e que estes devem ser de qualidade, visando o sucesso no manejo dos pacientes, a redução da morbimortalidade e a implementação de qualidade de vida e um envelhecimento mais saudável, com diminuição dos anos de vida perdidos ajustados por incapacitação (AVPAI). Nesta revisão sistemática nós analisamos o caso atual da DA na população brasileira, focando nos aspectos referentes aos impactos da transição demográfica no número de pessoas vivendo com a doença.
Satisfação dos pacientes usuários de prótese sobre implante em região estética
Authors: Oliveira Marielli Cruz , Miranda Maria Layara Alves Oliveira , Rego Marconi Raphael de Siqueira
Published: May 2023

Introdução: A perda dentária tem efeitos negativos diretamente na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Com o advento dos implantes osseointegrados, veio as vantagens e indiscutíveis bons resultados na função mastigatória, estética, comodidade e autoestima dos pacientes, com isso, a aparência da coroa, principalmente da região anterior da maxila é tão importante quanto a saúde do implante, e, consequentemente, deve ser o foco de tal reabilitação. Objetivo: analisar o grau de satisfação dos pacientes reabilitados com prótese sobre implante em regiões estéticas. Metodologia: revisão de literatura do tipo integrativa com relação a avaliação da satisfação de pacientes usuários de prótese sobre implante em região estética. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados pubmed, scielo e bvs, com os descritores: prótese dentária, implante dentário e satisfação do paciente. Com artigos publicados entre 2017 a 2022. Resultados: Foram encontrados inicialmente 84 artigos. Após seleção, 8 estavam adequados aos objetivos do estudo, as informações foram repassadas para o instrumento de coleta. Os artigos incluídos foram apresentados em quadro resumo e a análise dos resultados foi realizada de forma descritiva apresentando a síntese dos estudos por meio de comparações e destaque das diferenças e/ou semelhanças. Conclusão: O tipo de prótese pode influenciar nos critérios pertinentes do grau e satisfação. As próteses sobre implante em regiões estéticas proporcionaram aos pacientes melhor percepção sobre a qualidade de vida, estabilidade e conforto, além de uma melhoria na função mastigatória após a reabilitação oral.
Oxidative stress in the brain tissue of laboratory mice with acute post insulin hypoglycemia.
Authors: Patočková J , Marhol P , Tůmová E , Kršiak M , Rokyta R , Štípek S , Crkovská J , Anděl M
Published: May 2023

Malondialdehyde (MDA), Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) and selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GSPHx) are currently considered to be basic markers of oxidative stress. MDA is one of the end-products of the peroxidation of membrane lipids, whereas enzymes Cu,Zn-SOD and GSHPx belong to the natural antioxidants. The role of oxygen free radicals in the pathogenesis of many diseases is well documented. The aim of this study was to ascertain the influence of insulin-induced acute hypoglycemia on oxidative stress in the brain tissue. Hypoglycemia was induced in ICR mice by intraperitoneal administration of insulin at a dose 24 IU/kg. There was a correlation between the severity of hypoglycemia and the levels of MDA, Cu,Zn-SOD and GSHPx. The results showed that in severe hypoglycemia (serum glucose concentration below 1.0 mmol/l) the lipoperoxidation in brain tissue expressed as the level of MDA was higher in comparison with normoglycemic controls (glycemia around 3.7 mmol/l) as well as in comparison with the levels of MDA during moderate hypoglycemia (glycemia ranging between 1-2 mmol/l). This indicates the enhancement of lipoperoxidation in the brain tissue during severe hypoglycemia. However, both enzymes - Cu,Zn-SOD or GSHPx - did not show a similar tendency.
Neurohumoral control of gastrointestinal motility
Authors: Hansen MB
Published: May 2023

Neurohumoral substances and their receptors play a major part in the complex regulation of gastrointestinal motility and have therefore been the predominant targets for drug development. The numerous receptors involved in motility are located mainly on smooth muscle cells and neuronal structures in the extrinsic and intrinsic parts of the enteric nervous system. Within this system, receptor agonists and antagonists interacts directly to modify excitatory or inhibitory signals. In view of this complexity it is not surprising that our knowledge about the mechanisms of actions of the various neurohormones and drugs affecting gut motility has been rather fragmented and incomplete. However, recently substantial progress has been achieved, and drug therapy for gut dysmotility is emerging, based primarily on neurohumoral receptors. This paper presents a selective review of the neurohumoral regulatory mechanisms of gastrointestinal motility. In this context, the physiology and pharmacology of the smooth muscle cells, gastrointestinal motility and dysmotility, the enteric nervous system, gastrointestinal reflexes, and serotonin is presented. Further investigation and understanding of the transmitters and receptors involved in especially the reflex activation of peristalsis is crucial for the development of novel therapies for motility disorders.
The effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on oxidative stress in experimental acute necrotizing pancreatitis.
Authors: Yasar M , Yildiz S , Mas R , Dundar K , Yildirim A , Korkmaz A , Akay C , Kaymakcioglu N , Ozisik T , Sen D
Published: May 2023

Various protocols may be used for acute pancreatitis treatment. Recently, the benefit of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) has been demonstrated. To clarify the mechanism of HBO on the process of the acute pancreatitis, we determined the levels of antioxidant enzymes in an acute pancreatitis model. Forty-five Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: Group I: sham group (n=15), Group II: pancreatitis group (n=15), Group III: pancreatitis group undergoing HBO therapy (n=15). HBO was applied postoperatively for 5 days, two sessions per day at 2.5 fold absolute atmospheric pressure (ATA) for 90 min. Superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px) activity were measured in pancreatic tissue and erythrocyte lysate. MDA and GSH Px were also determined in plasma. In addition, amylase levels were measured in the serum. While serum amylase levels and MDA values in erythrocyte, plasma and pancreatic tissue were decreased, the levels of GSH Px and SOD were found to be significantly increased in the Group III as compared to those of the Group II. The findings of our study suggest that HBO has beneficial effects on the course of acute pancreatitis and this effect may occur through the antioxidant systems.
Different patterns of serum interleukin 10 response to treatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor α antibody (infliximab) in Crohn´s disease.
Authors: Detková Z , Kupčová V , Príkazská M , Turecký L , Weissová S , Jahnová E
Published: May 2023

Administration of anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody (anti-TNF, infliximab) down-regulates T helper 1 (Th 1) cytokines production in intestinal mucosa of patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is thought to be involved in CD pathogenesis through regulation of the Th 1 response. The aim of this study was to determine the IL-10 response in CD patients treated with anti-TNF. Fourteen patients with active CD received 5 mg/kg of infliximab; clinical activity assessed by Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI), alpha1-acid glycoprotein and serum IL-10 were determined before and after treatment, in month 0, 1 and 5. In the group with a good clinical response, IL-10 levels diminished significantly in month 1 (p<0.05) and remained decreased in month 5. The group with a lower response showed a significant increase in IL-10 levels in month 1 (p<0.05). alpha1-acid glycoprotein levels obtained before treatment were significantly elevated in the group with a good clinical response (p<0.05) and a significant decrease in month 1 was observed in this group (p<0.05). These observations suggest that a pattern of IL-10 response might be related to the clinical response to anti-TNF treatment in CD.
The Effect of Tax Avoidance, Company Size, and Good Corporate Governance on the Cost of Debt
Authors: Fajarwati Diana
Published: May 2023

This study aims to examine the effect of tax avoidance, company size, and good corporate governance on the cost of debt in property, real estate and building construction companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2019 to 2021. The research method applies the quantitative with secondary data obtained from annual reports obtained from the website www.idx.co.id with this type of research using purposive sampling technique used to obtain sample data. The samples obtained in this study amounted to 26 company data with an observation period of 3 consecutive years. Then obtained 78 data used as samples. data analysis techniques in this study using multiple linear regression techniques. The results showed that tax avoidance had a significant negative effect on the cost of debt. Company size has no effect on the cost of debt. Good corporate governance which is proxied by institutional ownership, managerial ownership, independent board of commissioners, and audit committee has a significant negative effect on the cost of debt.
Krónikus veseelégtelenség korai diagnosztikájának jelentősége
Authors: Ladányi Erzsébet
Published: May 2023

A krónikus vesebetegség (CKD) jelentős népegészségügyi problémát okozó népbetegség, amely növeli a szív- és érrendszeri, valamint az egyéb okok miatti morbiditást, mortalitást. Mindemellett jelentős egészségügyi kiadásokkal jár. Becslések alapján a CKD előfordulása a 2017. évi adatok alapján 697,5 millió beteget jelentett világszerte. Ugyanezen közlemény hazánkra vonatkozó CKD-előfordulása 1,5 millió főre becsülhető. A CKD-hoz vezető leggyakoribb kórképek a cukorbetegség, a praediabetes, valamint a hypertonia. Mivel a betegség tünetszegényen, csendben haladhat előre, a korai felismerés különösen fontos az időben történő beavatkozások, kezelések megkezdéséhez. Ez az összefoglaló részletezi a CKD korai diagnosztikájának jelentőségét, ismerteti a szűrés fontosságát. Rávilágít az ismert szív- és érrendszeri, valamint renalis kimenetelre és részletezi a CKD korai diagnózisának és kezelésének lehetőségeit. Áttekinti a CKD-szűrésre és az esetek feltárására, a CKD-progresszió csökkentésére vonatkozó ajánlásokat.
Photographic evidence of dholes in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park, Indonesia.
Authors: Ario Anton
Published: May 2023

For many years the dhole was believed to have been undetected in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park (GGPNP). Yet in 2012 and 2013, we were able to photograph this elusive creature. We report the photographic evidence of the endangered dhole (Cuon alpunus) using camera trap di GGPNP.
How about nano? Impact of size of plastics on plastic pollution and the magnitude of the problem
Authors: Sarp Sarper
Published: May 2023

In the last decade we have realized that the plastics we use every day, and for practically everything, may be the biggest environmental polluters humans have ever released to the environment (EU DG, 2011). Since the first reports of plastic pollutions, we have learned so much about the issue. Macro and micro plastic pollution topics have been extensively studied, investigated, regulated, and in some cases litigated (Uren Webster et al., 2020)(Barnes, Galgani, Thompson, Barlaz, 2009)(Environment Agency, 2018). As it happened in most of the past cases, we have started with the most obvious and visible problem: macro plastics.
Infection, Participation and Informality in higher arts education: the case of the School of Arts (Porto)
Authors: Amorim João Pedro , Crespo Nuno , Teixeira Luís
Published: May 2023

Higher arts education poses several specific challenges. The specificity of art in the contemporary age demands the development of unique strategies. Following a conceptual framework defined by Infection, Participation and Informality the School of Arts at Universidade Católica Portuguesa adopted since 2018 a strategy comprising a project-based methodology, informal tutoring sessions with artists, a Cultural Programme and an artistic residencies programme. This paper presents the early results of this strategy, and analyses how it could foster the critical artistic practice of the students.
Agroecological management of fall armyworm using soil and botanical treatments reduces crop damage and increases maize yield
Authors: Chawanda Gift , Tembo Yolice L. B. , Donga Trust Kasambala , Kabambe Vernon H. , Stevenson Philip C. , Belmain Steven R.
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Fall armyworm continues to disrupt smallholder farming systems across sub-Saharan Africa, with sporadic outbreaks and chronic cereal crop losses. Smallholders have been adapting to the pest by increasing crop surveillance for targeted control measures and developing low-cost solutions. For example, some report placing soil or ash in maize whorls where the mechanism of pest control may be suffocation, abrasion leading to desiccation, or through the introduction of soil-borne entomopathogens.

Methods

To verify the efficacy of this approach we evaluated different soil types on maize infested with fall armyworm to assess their efficacy. We also evaluated the efficacy of pesticidal plant species, powdered and placed in leaf whorls to control fall armyworm.

Results and discussion

Different United States Department of Agriculture-characterised soil types (sand, loam, clay) and wood ash were effective in reducing the number of larvae and maize leaf damage by approximately 50%. Maize yield with the synthetic control (chlorpyriphos) was 13,700 kg/ha, which was 42% higher than the untreated control (7,900 kg/ha). Soil and ash treatments yields between 10,400 to 12,400 kg/ha were 24-36% higher than the untreated control. Dry soil applied after watering was most effective regardless of soil type. However, wet soil treatments applied before watering were also highly effective in reducing the number of fall armyworm larvae and reducing insect damage to maize leaves. Botanical powders from Azadirachta indica, Nicotiana tabacum, Cymbopogon citratus and Lippia javanica were also effective when applied to maize leaf whorls. Plant powder treatments and water extracts were significantly effective in reducing the number of larvae and leaf damage. The highest yield obtained with botanicals was observed with A. indica powder (5,600 kg/ha), C. citratus extract (5,800 kg/ha) and N. tabacum extract (5,800 kg/ha), where the synthetic treatment yield was 6,900 kg/ha and the untreated yield was 1,700 kg/ha. We conclude that smallholder farmer innovations in managing fall armyworm are effective low-cost options. Scientific validation of soil treatments and botanicals should help increase the confidence of policy makers and allow knowledge extension services to recommend their use to smallholder farmers, which in turn may reduce reliance on imported synthetic pesticides and improve farmer resilience, circular economies and human and environmental health.
Intracellular delivery of therapeutic proteins. New advancements and future directions
Authors: Porello Ilaria , Cellesi Francesco
Published: May 2023

Achieving the full potential of therapeutic proteins to access and target intracellular receptors will have enormous benefits in advancing human health and fighting disease. Existing strategies for intracellular protein delivery, such as chemical modification and nanocarrier-based protein delivery approaches, have shown promise but with limited efficiency and safety concerns. The development of more effective and versatile delivery tools is crucial for the safe and effective use of protein drugs. Nanosystems that can trigger endocytosis and endosomal disruption, or directly deliver proteins into the cytosol, are essential for successful therapeutic effects. This article aims to provide a brief overview of the current methods for intracellular protein delivery to mammalian cells, highlighting current challenges, new developments, and future research opportunities.
Commensal colonization reduces Pseudomonas aeruginosa burden and subsequent airway damage
Authors: Stoner Sara N. , Baty Joshua J. , Novak Lea , Scoffield Jessica A.
Published: May 2023

Pseudomonas aeruginosa dominates the complex polymicrobial cystic fibrosis (CF) airway and is a leading cause of death in persons with CF. Interestingly, oral streptococcal colonization has been associated with stable CF lung function. The most abundant streptococcal species found in stable patients, Streptococcus salivarius, has been shown to downregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines in multiple colonization models. However, no studies have demonstrated how S. salivarius potentially improves lung function. Our lab previously demonstrated that the P. aeruginosa exopolysaccharide Psl promotes S. salivarius biofilm formation in vitro, suggesting a possible mechanism by which S. salivarius is incorporated into the CF airway microbial community. In this study, we demonstrate that co-infection of rats leads to enhanced S. salivarius colonization and reduced P. aeruginosa colonization. Histological scores for tissue inflammation and damage are lower in dual-infected rats compared to P. aeruginosa infected rats. Additionally, pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL2, and TNF-α are downregulated during co-infection compared to P. aeruginosa single-infection. Lastly, RNA sequencing of cultures grown in synthetic CF sputum revealed that P. aeruginosa glucose metabolism genes are downregulated in the presence of S. salivarius, suggesting a potential alteration in P. aeruginosa fitness during co-culture. Overall, our data support a model in which S. salivarius colonization is promoted during co-infection with P. aeruginosa, whereas P. aeruginosa airway bacterial burden is reduced, leading to an attenuated host inflammatory response.
Causal effects of gut microbiota on the risk of periodontitis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Luo Shulu , Li Weiran , Li Qianqian , Zhang Mengqi , Wang Xun , Wu Shuyi , Li Yan
Published: May 2023

Introduction

The oral cavity and the gut tract are interconnected, and both contain abundant natural microbiota. Gut microbiota may interact with oral flora and participate in the development of periodontitis. However, the specific role of certain gut microbiota taxa for periodontitis has not been investigated. Mendelian Randomization is an ideal method to explore causal relationships avoiding reverse causality and potential confounding factors. Thus, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian Randomization study to comprehensively reveal the potential genetic causal effect of gut microbiota on periodontitis.

Methods

SNPs strongly associated with 196 gut microbiota taxa (18,340 individuals) were selected as instrument variables, and periodontitis (17,353 periodontitis cases and 28,210 controls) was used as the outcome. The causal effect was analyzed via random effect inverse variance-weighted, weighted median, and MR-Egger. The sensitivity analyses were conducted using Cochran’s Q tests, funnel plots, leave-one-out analyses, and MR-Egger intercept tests.

Results

Nine gut microbiota taxa (Prevotella 7, Lachnospiraceae UCG-008, Enterobacteriales, Pasteurellales, Enterobacteriaceae, Pasteurellaceae, Bacteroidales S24.7 group, Alistipes, and Eisenbergiella) are predicted to play a causal role in enhancing the risk of periodontitis (p< 0.05). Besides, two gut microbiota taxa (Butyricicoccus and Ruminiclostridium 6) have potentially inhibitive causal effects on the risk of periodontitis (p< 0.05). No significant estimation of heterogeneity or pleiotropy is detected.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates the genetic causal effect of 196 gut microbiota taxa on periodontitis and provides guidance for the clinical intervention of periodontitis.