bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of tree frog tracking methods using Phyllomedusa trinitatis (Anura: Phyllomedusidae)
Authors: Gourevitch Eleanor H. Z. , Downie J. Roger
Published: December 2018

Evaluation of tree frog tracking methods using Phyllomedusa trinitatis (Anura: Phyllomedusidae). Investigating the behaviors of small, inconspicuous and cryptic animals can be helped by tracking their movements. The effectiveness of different tracking methods can be very dependent on behavior and ecology; radio-telemetry and thread bobbins have been widely used over a range of environments and taxa, but each presents problems. Phyllomedusa trinitatis is a tree frog found in Trinidad and Venezuela and has mostly been studied for its nest building and breeding behavior, but little is known about its behavior away from breeding ponds. This study aimed to identify the strengths and weaknesses, including impacts on the welfare of these frogs, of different tracking methods, thread bobbins and radio-telemetry, when used to track them in a dense rainforest environment. A pilot study found that fuorescent dyes were unsuitable for this species. Individuals were tested in laboratory conditions to determine the application time for each tracker and to test on this species the tracker 10% weight rule. The rule was found to be too restrictive for this frog; trackers up to 15% of body weight were used with no signifcant impacts on distances travelled. Frogs became lethargic when bearing trackers longer than two days, so we limited tracking in the feld to one overnight period. Of the 26 frogs tracked in the feld (nine radio-tags, 17 bobbins), 16 were successful (six radio-tags, 10 bobbins) and six untracked frogs were found in the feld during the day as controls. Bobbins were cheaper and allowed visualization of the detailed path taken, including substrates used, but caused more bruising due to entanglement, and individuals tracked with this method were less likely to return on following nights to the breeding ponds. Radio-tags had no threat of entanglement but were much more expensive and the signal was interrupted by the dense vegetation preventing some individuals from being found. There were no signifcant differences in the distances travelled by tracked or control frogs, from which we infer that these tracking methods did not impact signifcantly on movement. It appears that neither of these tracking methods work perfectly for Phyllomedusa in a densely vegetated environment, and that both incur welfare problems. Our study emphasizes the need to test out tracking methods on each species in each habitat.
SPEG Controls Calcium Reuptake Into the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Through Regulating SERCA2a by Its Second Kinase-Domain
Authors: Quan Chao , Li Min , Du Qian , Chen Qiaoli , Wang Hong , Campbell David , Fang Lei , Xue Bin , MacKintosh Carol , Gao Xiang , Ouyang Kunfu , Wang Hong Yu , Chen Shuai
Published: December 2018

Rationale:

SPEG (Striated muscle preferentially expressed protein kinase) has 2 kinase-domains and is critical for cardiac development and function. However, it is not clear how these 2 kinase-domains function to maintain cardiac performance.

Objective:

To determine the molecular functions of the 2 kinase-domains of SPEG.

Methods and Results:

A proteomics approach identified SERCA2a (sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a) as a protein interacting with the second kinase-domain but not the first kinase-domain of SPEG. Furthermore, the second kinase-domain of SPEG could phosphorylate Thr
484
on SERCA2a, promote its oligomerization and increase calcium reuptake into the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum in culture cells and primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Phosphorylation of SERCA2a by SPEG enhanced its calcium-transporting activity without affecting its ATPase activity. Depletion of
Speg
in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes inhibited SERCA2a-Thr
484
phosphorylation and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium reuptake. Moreover, overexpression of SERCA2a
Thr484Ala
mutant protein also slowed sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium reuptake in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. In contrast, domain mapping and phosphorylation analysis revealed that the first kinase-domain of SPEG interacted and phosphorylated its recently identified substrate JPH2 (junctophilin-2). An inducible heart-specific
Speg
knockout mouse model was generated to further study this SPEG-SERCA2a signal nexus in vivo. Inducible deletion of
Speg
decreased SERCA2a-Thr
484
phosphorylation and its oligomerization in the heart. Importantly, inducible deletion of
Speg
inhibited SERCA2a calcium-transporting activity and impaired calcium reuptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiomyocytes, which preceded morphological and functional alterations of the heart and eventually led to heart failure in adult mice.

Conclusions:

Our data demonstrate that the 2 kinase-domains of SPEG may play distinct roles to regulate cardiac function. The second kinase-domain of SPEG is a critical regulator for SERCA2a. Our findings suggest that SPEG may serve as a new target to modulate SERCA2a activation for treatment of heart diseases with impaired calcium homeostasis.
New leafhopper species and distribution records of Gabrita Walker, 1858 and Sandersellus DeLong, 1945 with revised keys to species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae)
Authors: NIELSON M. W.
Published: December 2018

A new species, Gabrita erwini, sp. nov. in the tribe Gabritini is described and illustrated from Ecuador, representing the first record of the genus and tribe in northwestern South America which extends its distribution across the Neotropical region from eastern localities in the countries of Brazil, French Guiana and Guyana. Three new species of Sandersellus in the tribe Sandersellini are described and illustrated: S. bigladius, sp. nov. from Bolivia, S. digitatus, sp. nov. from Brazil and S. bilanceus, sp. nov. from Peru. Brazil is a new record for the genus and tribe and extends the distribution eastward from its formerly known western range in Peru, Bolivia and Panama. Taxonomy is reviewed, a revised key to known males and distribution of the known species of Gabrita and Sandersellus are provided.
The Stegana (Oxyphortica) convergens species group from the Oriental region (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: Cheng YU , XU MIAOFENG , CHEN HONGWEI
Published: December 2018

A new species group, the convergens group, is established within the subgenus Oxyphortica of the genus Stegana, based on two known and three new species, all of which are endemic to the Oriental Region: S. (O.) convergens (de Meijere, 1911), S. (O.) setifrons Sidorenko, 1997, S. (O.) mediospinosa sp. nov., S (O.) apicopubescens sp. nov. and S. (O.) apicosetosa sp. nov. A key to all species of the convergens group is provided.
Euphysothrips: an Old World genus of Thripidae (Thysanoptera) associated with rust fungi (Pucciniales)
Authors: MOUND LAURENCE A.
Published: December 2018

Fungus-feeding is common amongst members of the family Phlaeothripidae that live on dead branches and leaves (Dang et al. 2014). In contrast, associations with fungi are rare amongst the common thrips of the family Thripidae that live in flowers and on leaves. In this family, two species from Africa in the genus Craspedothrips are reported to be associated with the rust fungus, Hemileia vastatrix, on the leaves of coffee plants (Mound et al. 2012), although there are no reports of direct feeding by the thrips on the fungus. However, the two known species of the Asian genus Euphysothrips have been observed to feed on the spores of rust fungi at widely separated localities. One of these, fungivora, was described by Ramakrishna (1928) in the genus Anaphothrips, and he reported this thrips as feeding on “rust” on wheat plants at Coimbatore, India. Ananthakrishnan (1969: 5) subsequently referred to this species as “feeding on the spores of wheat rust, Puccinia graminis”. The second species of Euphysothrips was described by Ramakrishna and Margabandhu (1939) as a new genus and species, Megaphysothrips subramanii, from Mysore in southern India. These authors stated that this thrips was found feeding on coffee rust, and a similar feeding association on coffee was reported from Timor in 1967, when specimens of subramanii were submitted for identification to the Natural History Museum, London. In Timor Leste during August 2018, adults and larvae of subramanii were found commonly on the leaves of coffee plants. The thrips were living only on the reddish-pink patches of Hemileia vastatrix fungus (Fig. 6), and not freely exploring the rest of the leaf surface. Both adults and larvae were difficult to see on these patches of fungus, because each individual was noted to carry a covering of coloured spores. This pinkish covering was shed only when an individual was disturbed by attempts to collect them with a small brush. There was no evidence of feeding damage to the coffee leaves by the thrips, and it appears that subramanii is probably dependent on the rust fungus for its nourishment.
Delivering on the Promise of Democracy
Authors: Jhaj Sukhwant
Published: December 2018

Many educators can recite the faults of their schools or universities, but far fewer can recognize and develop existing strengths to benefit a wider audience. Sukhwant Jhaj has crafted a refreshing new look at how imaginative leadership and a shift in perspective can propel institutions to reach at-risk or underrepresented members of their communities. Delivering on the Promise of Democracy pulls back the curtain on seven high-performing universities to reveal which daily decisions, including listening to the community, embracing conflict, and implementing effective strategies through routine, guide administrators in achieving exceptional results. Through in-depth interviews that offer a close look at these seven universities, Jhaj traces a new trajectory for higher education: a call to question a university's effectiveness through its accessibility to the community it serves.

Jhaj's book will inspire anybody interested in widening access to education with its call to renew their institution's mission through powerful and effective leadership.
Bore-ing into Nocturnal Convection
Authors: Haghi Kevin R. , Geerts Bart , Chipilski Hristo G. , Johnson Aaron , Degelia Samuel , Imy David , Parsons David B. , Adams-Selin Rebecca D. , Turner David D. , Wang Xuguang
Published: December 2018

There has been a recent wave of attention given to atmospheric bores in order to understand how they evolve and initiate and maintain convection during the night. This surge is attributable to data collected during the 2015 Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) field campaign. A salient aspect of the PECAN project is its focus on using multiple observational platforms to better understand convective outflow boundaries that intrude into the stable boundary layer and induce the development of atmospheric bores. The intent of this article is threefold: 1) to educate the reader on current and future foci of bore research, 2) to present how PECAN observations will facilitate aforementioned research, and 3) to stimulate multidisciplinary collaborative efforts across other closely related fields in an effort to push the limitations of prediction of nocturnal convection.
Winter Coastal Divergence as a Predictor for the Minimum Sea Ice Extent in the Laptev Sea
Authors: Brunette Charles , Tremblay Bruno , Newton Robert
Published: December 2018

Seasonal predictability of the minimum sea ice extent (SIE) in the Laptev Sea is investigated using winter coastal divergence as a predictor. From February to May, the new ice forming in wind-driven coastal polynyas grows to a thickness approximately equal to the climatological thickness loss due to summer thermodynamic processes. Estimating the area of sea ice that is preconditioned to melt enables seasonal predictability of the minimum SIE. Wintertime ice motion is quantified by seeding passive tracers along the coastlines and advecting them with the Lagrangian Ice Tracking System (LITS) forced with sea ice drifts from the Polar Pathfinder dataset for years 1992–2016. LITS-derived landfast ice estimates are comparable to those of the Russian Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute ice charts. Time series of the minimum SIE and coastal divergence show trends of −24.2% and +31.3% per decade, respectively. Statistically significant correlation ( r = −0.63) between anomalies of coastal divergence and the following September SIE occurs for coastal divergence integrated from February to the beginning of May. Using the coastal divergence anomaly to predict the minimum SIE departure from the trend improves the explained variance by 21% compared to hindcasts based on persistence of the linear trend. Coastal divergence anomalies correlate with the winter mean Arctic Oscillation index ( r = 0.69). LITS-derived areas of coastal divergence tend to underestimate the total area covered by thin ice in the CryoSat-2/SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) thickness dataset, as suggested by a thermodynamic sea ice growth model.
On the Drivers of Decadal Variability of the Gulf Stream North Wall
Authors: Wolfe Christopher L. P. , Hameed Sultan , Chi Lequan
Published: December 2018

The Gulf Stream is bounded to the north by a strong temperature front known as the North Wall. The North Wall is subject to variability on a wide range of temporal and spatial scales—on interannual time scales, the dominant mode of variability is a longitudinally coherent north–south migration. North Wall variability since 1970 has been characterized by regular oscillations with a period of approximately nine years. This periodic variability, and its relationship to major modes of Atlantic climate variability, is examined in the frequency domain. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Atlantic meridional mode (AMM) both covary with the North Wall on decadal time scales. The NAO leads the North Wall by about one year, whereas the covariability between the North Wall and the AMM is synchronous (no lag). Covariability between the North Wall and the NAO is further examined in terms of the centers of action comprising the NAO: the Icelandic low and Azores high. It is found that the strength of the Icelandic low and its latitude as well as the strength of the Azores high play a role in decadal North Wall variability.
Framing Climate Uncertainty: Frame Choices Reveal and Influence Climate Change Beliefs
Authors: Kause Astrid , Townsend Tarlise , Gaissmaier Wolfgang
Published: December 2018

The public debate around climate change is increasingly polarized. At the same time, the scientific consensus about the causes and consequences of climate change is strong. This inconsistency poses challenges for mitigation and adaptation efforts. The translation of uncertain numerical climate projections into simpler but ambiguous verbal frames may contribute to this polarization. In two experimental studies, we investigated 1) how “communicators” verbally frame a confidence interval regarding projected change in winter precipitation due to climate change (N = 512) and 2) how “listeners” interpret these verbal frames (N = 385). Both studies were preregistered at the Open Science Framework. Communicators who perceived the change as more severe chose a concerned rather than an unconcerned verbal frame. Furthermore, communicators’ verbal frames were associated with their more general beliefs, like political affiliation and environmental values. Listeners exposed to the concerned frame perceived climate change–induced precipitation change to be more severe than those receiving the unconcerned frame. These results are in line with two pilot studies (N = 298 and N = 393, respectively). Underlying general beliefs about climate and the environment likely shape public communication about climate in subtle ways, and thus verbal framing by the media, policymakers, and peers may contribute to public polarization on climate change.
How Managers Perceive Real-Time Management: Thinking Fast & Flow
Authors: Rydén Pernille , El Sawy Omar A.
Published: December 2018

A new era of disruptive technologies and changing business practices is moving a number of industries toward the “real-time” enterprise. With the increased capabilities of online digital platforms, managers need to deliver goods and services faster and respond rapidly to customers. It is therefore critical to ask what “real time” means to managers, what real-time management entails, and learn how enterprises capture business value through real-time management, especially when the ability to adjust and operate in real time must be ingrained in an organization’s culture, structures, and processes. This article shows that managers who use “real time” in different ways can articulate different facets of experience and practices, leading to the “Fast & Flow” framework. Thinking of real time as “Fast & Flow” provides managers with insights for transitioning to real-time management that is better attuned to the organization, the market, and a technology-driven state of flux.
Tactile, Visual, and Crossmodal Visual-Tactile Change Blindness: The Effect of Transient Type and Task Demands
Authors: Riggs Sara Lu , Sarter Nadine
Published: December 2018

Objective:

The present study examined whether tactile change blindness and crossmodal visual-tactile change blindness occur in the presence of two transient types and whether their incidence is affected by the addition of a concurrent task.

Background:

Multimodal and tactile displays have been proposed as a promising means to overcome data overload and support attention management. To ensure the effectiveness of these displays, researchers must examine possible limitations of human information processing, such as tactile and crossmodal change blindness.

Method:

Twenty participants performed a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) monitoring task that included visual and tactile cues. They completed four blocks of 70 trials each, one involving visual transients, the other tactile transients. A search task was added to determine whether increased workload leads to a higher risk of change blindness.

Results:

The findings confirm that tactile change detection suffers in terms of response accuracy, sensitivity, and response bias in the presence of a tactile transient. Crossmodal visual-tactile change blindness was not observed. Also, change detection was not affected by the addition of the search task and helped reduce response bias.

Conclusion:

Tactile displays can help support multitasking and attention management, but their design needs to account for tactile change blindness. Simultaneous presentation of multiple tactile indications should be avoided as it adversely affects change detection.

Application:

The findings from this research will help inform the design of multimodal and tactile interfaces in data-rich domains, such as military operations, aviation, and healthcare.
Social work education in action: How studying for the profession facilitates the adaptation of internationally educated social workers in Canada
Authors: Pullen Sansfaçon Annie , Brown Marion
Published: December 2018

This article presents the results and theorization of a 4-year Grounded Theory project that sought to understand the processes and dynamics involved in the professional adaptation of internationally educated social workers now practicing in Canada. In-depth interviews with 66 participants, who undertook social work education outside of Canada and have subsequently settled to practice in the country, were conducted. Results highlight that the social work educational background of the professionals not only offers key conceptual, theoretical, and analytical foundations needed to adapt knowledge and skills to practice abroad, but also provides tools to navigate and negotiate professional adaptation processes as a whole. We conclude that ultimately, social workers may adapt well to their new work contexts because of the transferability of social work skills, knowledge, and values to new practice settings, thus facilitating interventions with services users and also their own process of professional adaptation.
“Hey Curlfriends!”: Hair Care and Self-Care Messaging on YouTube by Black Women Natural Hair Vloggers
Authors: Neil Latisha , Mbilishaka Afiya
Published: December 2018

Black women with tightly coiled hair are faced with the unique health challenge of abstaining from exercise or other self-care behaviors to maintain hairstyles that are often expensive, time consuming, and conform with Eurocentric standards of beauty. However, recent YouTube natural hair vlogs have emerged to provide a counter-narrative on “do it yourself” hair care practices for highly textured hair. Through a thematic content analysis of the top 20 viewed natural hair YouTube vlogs, findings suggest that Black women vloggers demonstrate product selection through detangling, shampooing, moisturizing, and styling their tightly coiled hair on camera, using their own lived experiences, as both peer and expert to viewers. These vloggers took the role of digital storytellers to describe their personal experiences with self-care in the forms of exercise, eating healthy food, drinking water, medication use, and stress management while maintaining healthy and stylish natural hair. Black female natural hair vloggers disrupt the myths about tightly coiled natural hair and are credible conduits for the distribution of health information aimed at reaching large masses of Black women through sisterhood supported wellness.
The Consumer Economics of Unit Pricing
Authors: Isakson Hans R. , Maurizi Alex R.
Published: December 2018

The introduction of unit pricing in food stores makes it easier for shoppers to choose cheaper items. Low-income shoppers, however, do not appear to make significant use of unit pricing in contrast to the middle-income and high-income shoppers who do. The explanation could lie in their lower ability to understand the unit price labeling system making it difficult to capture the benefits of its use.
Evaluation of Television Program Content for the Purpose of Promotional Segmentation
Authors: Gensch Dennis H. , Ranganathan B.
Published: December 2018

A factor analysis of television viewing, which avoids conceptual and statistical shortcomings found in previous studies, generated eight configurations that appear to be show types. Show type and demographic information are related to purchasing patterns thereby illustrating the implementation of promotional segmentation strategy.
Exploring Environmental Influences in Organizational Buying
Authors: Grønhaug Kjell
Published: December 2018

A taxonomy, product dependent and product independent, is introduced as a basis for classifying organizations and comparing their behavior in buying situations. In a study conducted among 48 organizations, purchasing activities were found to be more structured in product dependent than in product independent organizations. Furthermore, a study of how a complex buying situation (purchase of a minicomputer) was handled demonstrated differences between the two types of organization with regard to search behavior, buying motives, and goals pursued.
A Comment on a Market Share Theorem
Authors: Chatfield Christopher
Published: December 2018

This comment concerns the role of mathematics in marketing research and examines in particular a market share theorem proposed by Bell, Keeney, and Little.
Analyzing Changing Consumption Patterns with Cohort Analysis
Authors: Rentz Joseph O. , Reynolds Fred D. , Stout Roy G.
Published: December 2018

Cohort analysis is used to analyze the effects of aging and cohort succession on consumption of a product class. Cohort analysis is explained and a consumption study is reported. Strong cohort differences are found and age diffences are opposite in direction from those found by traditional methods of analysis.
Go to More Parties? Social Occasions as Home to Unexpected Turning Points in Life Trajectories
Authors: Goffman Alice
Published: December 2018

Reviving classical attention to gathering times as sites of transformation and building on more recent microsociological work, this paper uses qualitative data to show how social occasions open up unexpected bursts of change in the lives of those attending. They do this by pulling people into a special realm apart from normal life, generating collective effervescence and emotional energy, bringing usually disparate people together, forcing public rankings, and requiring complex choreography, all of which combine to make occasions sites of inspiration and connection as well as sites of offense and violation. Rather than a time out from “real” life, social occasions hold an outsized potential to unexpectedly shift the course that real life takes. Implications for microsociology, social inequality, and the life course are considered.
Variability of Spleen and Mesenteric Lymph Node in Control Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) from Nonclinical Safety Studies: A Retrospective Assessment
Authors: Everds Nancy E. , Reindel James , Werner Jonathan , Craven W. A.
Published: December 2018

We assessed the variability of spleen and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) microscopic observations and the correlations of these observations with other study data from 478 control cynomolgus monkeys from 53 routine nonclinical safety studies. Spleen weight parameters (absolute and relative to body or brain weights) were highly variable both within a control group on an individual study (up to 5.11-fold) and among animals with the same light microscopic observation. Grades for microscopic observations were also highly variable. The most frequent microscopic observations for spleen were changes in the size and number of germinal centers (58%), acidophilic (hyaline) material in lymphoid follicles (52%), and compound lymphoid follicles (20%). The most frequent microscopic observations in the MLN were eosinophil infiltrates (90%), changes in size and number of germinal centers (42%), and brown pigment (21%). The only meaningful relationships ( r2 > 0.3) were positive correlations between reticuloendothelial hyperplasia and malarial pigment in the spleen and between each of these observations and spleen weight parameters. We conclude that determination of test article–related effects on the immune system in routine monkey toxicology studies requires careful consideration and a weight-of-evidence approach due to the low numbers of animals/group, the inherent variability in spleen and MLN parameters, and the infrequent correlation among immune system–related end points.
Cricopharyngeal Dysfunction
Authors: Wilson Janet A. , Pryde Anne , Allan Paul L. , Maran Arnold G.D.
Published: December 2018

The aim of the study was to determine the manometric patterns in dysphagic patients with radiologic evidence of upper esophageal sphincter (UES) dysfunction. Nineteen patients with radiographic abnormalities of the UES underwent measurement of several parameters of UES tonic pressure and pharyngoesophageal water swallow dynamics. At least two UES tonic pressures were elevated in six subjects, compared with a control group of 67 healthy volunteers. No patient had UES achalasia. The cricopharyngeal impression in the remaining patients may represent muscular hypertrophy or deficiency of UES opening, despite manometric relaxation, but its relationship to the patient's symptoms remains unknown. Cricopharyngeal myotomy appears to be a reasonable treatment for patients with manometric UES hypertonicity.
The effects of Bolus Flow on Vertical Pharyngeal Pressure Measurement in the Pharyngoesophageal Segment: Clinical Significance
Authors: McConnel Fred M.S. , Guffin Thomas N. , Cerenko Danko , Ko Andrew Shyh‐Feng
Published: December 2018

Measurement of pressures in the pharyngeal esophageal segment (P‐E segment) is complicated by the vertical motion and by the rapidly changing pressures in the segment. The sensors move superiorly and interiorly with respect to the P‐E segment during the swallow. This study examines the validity of manofluorographic measurements taken in the P‐E segment by using a catheter with sensors spaced at 1 cm intervals. Seven normal volunteers were tested. Measurements were similar using one sensor and using an average of five sensors. During the time of bolus passage, the P‐E segment is open and the bolus itself equalizes pressures measured within the bolus.
Characterization of the Immune Barrier in Human Olfactory Mucosa
Authors: Mellert Tuesday K. , Getchell Marilyn L. , Sparks Larry , Getchell Thomas V.
Published: December 2018

Immunologic defense factors in the human olfactory mucosa were localized immunohistochemically. Olfactory epithelium was identified with an antiserum to olfactory marker protein, specific for olfactory receptor neurons. Constituents of the secretory immune system, including IgA, IgM, secretory component, and J chain, were localized in the acinar and duct cells of Bowman's glands and in the mucociliary complex. In addition, B lymphocytes in the lamina propria near Bowman's glands displayed immunoreactivity for IgA, IgM, and J chain. Immunostaining also localized other humoral factors. Immunoreactivity for IgG was present throughout the stroma and in B lymphocytes in the lamina propria. Antibody to IgD stained numerous B lymphocytes clustered below the basement membrane. Antibody to IgE stained similarly distributed cells; toluidine blue staining demonstrated that many were mast cells. In addition, antibodies to IgD and IgE stained occasional intraepithelial B lymphocytes or mast cells. Two antimicrobial proteins, lactoferrin and lysozyme, were localized in Bowman's glands and the mucociliary complex. Thus, the human olfactory mucosa, which provides a direct neural route for pathogens to the brain, is a site for synthesis and secretion of immune and other defense factors.
The Role of Implicit Nationality Preference in Speaker Evaluations in the Multilingual Context of Montreal
Authors: Lehnert Tessa E. , Hörstermann Thomas
Published: December 2018

Multilingual contexts in cross-border regions are characterized by a high number of inhabitants making use of various languages depending on the context. A language that a person speaks thus cannot be used as indicator of national group membership, which highlights the need for a distinction. The present study aimed to transfer an adapted model positing language and nationality attitudes as distinct factors of speaker evaluations, both on an explicit and implicit level, to the context of Montreal. Explicit attitudes were assumed to primarily affect explicit speaker evaluations, whereas implicit attitudes were expected to be the primary predictor of implicit speaker evaluations. Results primarily confirmed the distinctness of language and nationality concepts on an implicit attitude level. Moreover, the crucial role of nationality preference on an implicit level was highlighted: Quebecers’ implicit nationality attitudes affected implicit preferences for the Quebec nation suggesting affirmation of model transferability.
Accurate and biased perceptions of partner’s conflict behaviors shape emotional experience
Authors: Venaglia Rachel B. , Lemay Edward P.
Published: December 2018

The present study examined both accuracy and bias in perceptions of romantic partners’ destructive behavior during relationship conflicts, as well as implications of accuracy and bias for emotional experience. Perceptions of partners’ destructive behavior during relationship conflicts were associated with indicators’ of partners’ behavior (i.e., target self-reports and objective coder ratings), suggesting that people were somewhat accurate in perceiving their partner’s destructive behavior. Independently of this accuracy effect, the more participants valued their relationship with their partner, the less destructive they interpreted their partner’s behavior to be during the conflict discussion, suggesting biases in perceptions of destructive behavior. These perceptions of destructive behavior, in turn, predicted emotional experience during the conflict. Results suggest that emotional experience during romantic relationship conflicts is dependent on both accurate and biased perceptions of partners’ behavior.
Clampless cardioplegia: an alternative to conventional cardioplegia administration
Authors: Clingan Sean , Reagor James
Published: December 2018

Myocardial protection is of the utmost importance during cardiac surgery. At times, there are patients who present to the operating room who make the typical use of cardioplegia difficult or impossible. For these patients, a separate protocol and process must be in place. “Clampless cardioplegia” is an option when the ascending aorta cannot be cross-clamped, but the surgeon needs a bloodless field with a quiescent heart. This study reports on the process of developing a policy and protocol for utilizing clampless or systemic cardioplegia. Four case reports of patients who received clampless or systemic cardioplegia and their peri-operative courses are described. These four patients showed no cardiac functional change by post-operative echocardiogram and no peri-operative complications are reported.
Social life among toddlers in kindergarten as communicative musicality
Authors: Nome Dag
Published: December 2018

Through micro-ethnographic analysis of video observations in two Norwegian kindergartens for children below the age of three, this study explores some of the complexity of the social lives of young children in institutions. Drawing on the theory of communicative musicality, the analysis adds to existing knowledge on early childhood education (ECE) by showing some aspects of young children’s social capacities. Before or alongside the use of speech and conventional words, they can develop and use a large repertoire of sounds, rhythms, expressive bodily movements, and melodic elements in order to interact with their peers. Through communicative musicality, they can balance between the need for togetherness and being singled out, gathering in crowds and making space for themselves. Although this is more audible among toddlers, since their verbal capacity is limited, the study underlines the role of non-verbal musical elements in human interaction in general.
Design and Full-Scale Testing of M50/P1 Bolt-Down Removeable Bollard System
Authors: Williams William F.
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this project was to design and test a new bolt-down bollard system that meets the requirements of American Standards for Testing Materials (ASTM) Designation F2656-15 M50/P1 impact conditions. The test installation consisted of three vertical 10-in. diameter (nominal) bollards with welded base plates bolted to a shallow reinforced concrete foundation. The foundation for this system was sized to reduce the foundation embedment. Shallow foundations are often necessary for use in cities and urban areas where utilities can conflict with deeper foundations. Standard common members and materials were used in the installation to accommodate fabrication and installation in locations all over the world. The bollards can be removed to provide access if necessary. Full-scale testing was performed on the bolt-down bollard system. The bollard system design for this project successfully met the requirements of M50/P1 with a total payload penetration of less than 1 m. The new bollard design successfully met all the performance requirements for ASTM F2656-15 M50/P1. Details of the design and testing of the bolt-down bollard system are provided in this paper. Crash-testing videos and additional information on the design and full-scale testing will be provided in the presentation.
Success and Failure, Gender Differences, and the Menstrual Cycle
Authors: Curtis Rebecca
Published: December 2018

Eighty-one women and 26 men were led to succeed or fail at a task. No differences in actual performance were found between men and women or among women in different menstrual phases. Although they had participated alone, women felt worse, less competent, and less “up” than men after both success and failure. After success women also felt less satisfied, felt they had made lower scores, expected to perform worse, and rewarded themselves less than men. After success, women who were menstruating at the time of the experiment reported feeling better than women in other menstrual phases on most measures. A possible explanation was that menstruating women may have expected to perform poorly.
Attributional Modesty in Women
Authors: Berg John H. , Stephan Walter G. , Dodson Mark
Published: December 2018

Three experiments were conducted to test a two-factor model of the determinants of attributional modesty in women. Women tended to make modest attributions for success when they were concerned about how others would evaluate them and when they were concerned about their own self-image. Specifically, the knowledge that one's attributions would be public and the anticipation of future performance on similar tasks led to modesty. Self-derogatory attributions for failure occurred when the subjects thought their attributions would be public.
Assessing Equivalency of PSC-17 Ratings: Does It Matter if Mixed or Grouped Item Format Is Used?
Authors: DiStefano Christine , Barth Steven G. , Greer Fred
Published: December 2018

This study investigated the effect of item position on descriptive statistics, psychometric information, and factor structure of the Pediatric Symptoms Checklist 17-item social-emotional screening instrument (PSC-17). The goal was to determine whether item position, either grouped by factor or mixed across constructs, produced similar results. Descriptive statistics, reliability estimates, and model-data fit were similar across the two versions of the screener. Factor invariance tests supported strict invariance across the two versions, and very small differences between latent means for the three factors measured by the PSC-17. Both forms are equivalent for use with screening activities.
Satisfaction with End-Of-Life Care: A Longitudinal study of Patients and Their Family Caregivers in the Last months of Life
Authors: Heyland Daren K. , Frank Christopher , Tranmer Joan , Paul Nancy , Pichora Deborah , Jiang Xuran , Day Andrew G.
Published: December 2018

To determine whether and how ratings of satisfaction with end-of-life (EOL) care change over time and across settings, we administered a satisfaction questionnaire to patients 55 years and older with advanced medical disease and their family caregivers (FCGs). We re-interviewed approximately every two months for a maximum of four visits. Overall, 97 patients and 68 FCGs completed a baseline interview; 57 and 40 completed two interviews, 35 and 22 completed three, and 15 and 10 completed four. Patient satisfaction increased over time and in three of the six questionnaire domains, but this was largely confounded with the location of interview. Satisfaction scores were greater among patients whose baseline interviews occurred at home. FCGs reported increased satisfaction over time; members of the subgroup that cared for patients who died during the study were less satisfied in the spirituality domain during bereavement than prior to their relative's death. Satisfaction with care tends to vary based on location of interview and may vary across time with respect to certain aspects of EOL care.
The Israeli Terminally Ill Patient law of 2005
Authors: Jotkowitz Alan B. , Glick Shimon
Published: December 2018

Israel, like many other countries, is struggling with numerous bioethical dilemmas due to its cultural and religious diversity. Until recently there was no legal guidance for how to deal with end-of-life issues. However, in 2005 a law was passed regulating the treatment of dying patients. Its most controversial aspect is the distinction it makes between withholding therapy (which is allowed) and withdrawing continuous therapy (which is not allowed). In this formulation, the law attempted to strike a balance between respecting the autonomy of the patient and respecting the sanctity of life. The law respects autonomy by establishing the right of the patient to refuse treatment; it respects the sanctity of life by prohibiting active euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. However, this compromise was not acceptable to all members of the public advisory body that framed the law. Some argued that there was no moral basis for the distinction between withholding and withdrawing treatment.
It Takes a Whole Community: The contribution of Rural Hospice Volunteers to Whole-Person Palliative Care
Authors: McKee Margaret , Kelley Mary Lou , Guirguis-Younger Manal , MacLean Michael , Nadin Shevaun
Published: December 2018

Although volunteers are widely acknowledged as important members of the palliative care team, their unique contribution to whole-person care has not been well documented or theorized, especially in rural communities. We conducted a focused ethnography in a small rural community, asking key community informants about their understanding of the role of hospice volunteers with dying people and their families. Our results show that these volunteers inhabit a unique third culture of care that fuses elements of formal care with the informal visiting of friends and neighbours. Their role is shaped to a community context where dying is not a private medical event, but rather a whole-person-in-community event, and where care is offered as a natural expression of the interdependence and reciprocity that characterizes rural community life. Our results are a reminder that it takes an entire community to care for the dying, and that hospice volunteers are a crucial link in the network of care that allows people to die with dignity and quality of life.
Care Provider Perspectives on End-Of-Life Care in Long-Term-Care Homes: Implications for Whole-Person and Palliative Care
Authors: Sims-Gould Joanie , Wiersma Elaine , Arseneau Lise , Kelley Mary Lou , Kozak Jean , Habjan Sonja , MacLean Michael
Published: December 2018

This study holistically explores the experience of dying and end-of-life care for older persons with dementia in long-term care (LTC) from the perspective of care providers. Using a focused ethnography methodology, seven researchers interviewed LTC staff, residents’ families, volunteers, management staff, and spiritual advisers/clergy over a five-day period. Research was guided by two key questions: What is the dying experience of people living in LTC from the perspective of different care providers? and, What are the salient issues in providing palliative care for elderly people dying in LTC? Based on a thematic analysis of verbatim data, three common themes were identified: tension between completing job tasks on time and “being there” for residents; the importance of familylike bonds between front-line staff and residents; and the importance of communication among staff and between staff and residents and their families at the end of life. Findings are discussed in relation to their implications for policies and practices that can support whole-person care and ultimately a good death for residents of LTC facilities.
La Belle Mort En Milieu Rural: A report of An Ethnographic study of the Good Death for Quebec Rural Francophones
Authors: Veillette Anne-Marie , Fillion Lise , Wilson Donna M. , Thomas Roger , Dumont Serge
Published: December 2018

An ethnographic study was undertaken in two rural areas of Quebec to conceptualize the good death. The findings reveal that a good quality of life for the dying person and his or her family and friends is essential for a good death. The resulting conceptual model emphasized four dimensions: physical, spiritual, social, and emotional/psychological. These dimensions were determined to be similar to those discovered through a previous urban study, indicating that there may be considerable overlap between good deaths in rural and urban areas. Some findings of this Quebec French-language rural study were similar to those of an Alberta English-language rural study, indicating that rural people may have some common needs and interests with regard to the good death. As such, there could be some common elements of the good death that transcend culture or ethnicity. Chief among these is the desire of rural people to die at home or in their home communities.
The Effectiveness and Adverse Effects profile of “Burst” Ketamine in Refractory Cancer Pain: The Vcog Pm 1-00 Study
Authors: Jackson Kate , Ashby Michael , Howell Deb , Petersen Jennifer , Brumley David , Good Phillip , Pisasale Maria , Wein Simon , Woodruff Roger
Published: December 2018

This multi-centre study of adjuvant “burst” ketamine in palliative care in-patients documents its effectiveness, duration of pain relief, and adverse effects (AE) profile. Patients received a three-to-five day continuous subcutaneous infusion (CSCI) of ketamine escalated from 100 to 300 to 500 mg/24 hours if required. When the effective or maximum tolerated dose was attained, the infusion was continued for three days and each patient assessed as a responder or non-responder using strict criteria. The response rate was 22/44 (50 percent), with 4 (9 percent) becoming pain-free. Pain relief lasting two or more weeks was documented in 50 percent of responders. AEs were documented daily using the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Toxicity Criteria 0-4 scales. There were 11 grade 3 and 4 neurological AEs. However, no responders elected to cease treatment early due to neurological AEs. We concluded that this protocol in the controlled environment of an in-patient PC unit is relatively safe and simple with reasonable effectiveness.
A Pilot Study on the effectiveness of Anticipatory Grief Therapy for Elderly Facing the end of Life
Authors: Cheng Joanna Oi-Yue , Lo Raymond , Chan Faye , Woo Jean
Published: December 2018

This pilot study evaluates the benefits of anticipatory grief therapy (AGT) for day hospice patients and long-term care (LTC) residents with cancer and non-malignant chronic diseases. Twenty-six elderly people (69.2 percent female; average age 81.8 years) participated in experiential, expressive activities and discussions during AGT. The McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire-Hong Kong version and the 15-item Geriatrics Depression Scale (Chinese version) were administered immediately before and after AGT, and at a four-week follow-up. Focus groups were held to collect qualitative feedback. Significant post-AGT improvements were found in physical (Z=-2.12, p<0.05), psychological (Z=-2.22, p<0.05), and total quality of life measures (Z=-2.66, p<0.01), and in depression levels (Z=-2.49, p<0.05). Emergent qualitative themes included grief and existential concerns, pros and cons of reminiscence, reflection and affirmation of meaning through expressive art, perceived benefits of AGT, and comments and suggestions for improving AGT in the future. We conclude that AGT delivered in both day hospice and LTC settings could be acceptable, feasible, and useful for elderly people facing the end of life.
How End-Of-Life Home Care Services Are Used from Admission to Death: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Seow Hsien , Barbera Lisa , Howell Doris , Dy Sydney M.
Published: December 2018

Aim: Our goal was to describe the trajectories of end-of-life nursing and personal support worker (PSW) use from home care admission until death. Methods: We studied a historical prospective cohort of end-of-life home care patients in Ontario, Canada, linking administrative databases. We calculated the odds of using any nursing or PSW hours and the incidence rate ratio of services used for each week approaching death, controlling for confounders. Results: Among all patients (n=11,867), the odds of using any nursing and PSW hours increased by 4 percent and 10 percent, respectively, each week closer to death. Among patients using services, the ratio of nursing and PSW hours increased 20 percent and 11 percent, respectively, in the last 4 weeks of life compared to use at 24 weeks before death. Conclusion: Use of nursing and PSW hours increases slightly each week before death and sharply in the last month of life. Understanding the trajectory of home care services use can help decision makers design better end-of-life care.