bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of soil ecosystems of protected and artificially created beech forests
Authors: Tsarenko P.M. , Zaimenko N.V. , Demchenko E.M. , Mikhailyuk T.I. , Didyk N.P. , Ellanska N.E. , Kharitonova I.P. , Benderychek T.Yu. , Melnyk V.I.
Published: December 2023

Peculiarities of soil ecosystems (algae, microbiocenosis, agrochemical and agrophysical characteristics) of the Uholsko-Shirokoluzhanskyi beech relict forests of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve, as well as artificial European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) plantations located on the botanical and geographical plots "Ukrainian Carpathians" of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of NAS of Ukraine. Soil samples were collected from May to September during 2020–2021. The species composition of soil microalgae, the number of ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms, agrophysical and agrochemical characteristics of soils were analyzed. The predominance of green algae with a significant diversity of green flagellates and the complete absence of cyanobacteria are typical features of forest soils. The small number of detected species (12 in beech relict forests and 15 in artificial beech plantations) indicates shaded forest ecosystems which are typical for beech forests. Despite common features, the species composition of soil algae of both phytocenoses is quite different. The soils under the beech relict forests are characterized by a significant predominance of green algae, among which essential number of Trebouxiophyceae representatives with aerophytic ecology were found. It indicates the mountainous nature of the soil algal flora. Soils under artificial beech plantations are characterized by a richer species diversity and predominance of Chlorophyceae representatives, which is typical for lowland forests. A characteristic feature of protected and artificially created beech forests was the relative high number of micromycetes. Correlation analysis of research results showed a positive relationship between algal diversity and the abundance of two eco-trophic groups of microorganisms: actinomycetes and ammonifiers. In addition, the growth of algal diversity was positively correlated with the content of Ca and Mg, and negatively with the content of P.
Hydrological model of Ukraine: setup, calibration, and web interface
Authors:   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute, Osypov Valeriy , Osadcha Nataliia , Bonchkovskyi Andrii , Kostetskyi Oleksandr , Nikoriak Viktor , Ahafonov Yurii , Matviienko Yevhenii , Mossur Herman , Osadchyi Volodymyr
Published: December 2023

The planning of river basin management should utilize a high-resolution, process-based hydrological model to tackle issues such as diffuse pollution, drought, flood forecasting, and the impact of climate change. The studies available to date only encompass five meso-scale and one large-scale river basins in Ukraine. The objective of this study is to calibrate the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for all Ukrainian river basins, including upstream transboundary parts. The model could potentially assist in land management and assessing the impact of agriculture on water resources; hence, considerable attention is paid to agricultural practices and crop rotations. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is a process-based semi-distributed hydrological model developed by the United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) in collaboration with numerous institutions. SWAT is widely used for simulating the impact of land management practices on water resources, including water quantity and quality, as well as assessing the overall environmental impact of land use and climate changes. The watershed, encompassing transboundary areas, covers an area of 873,600 km2, with Ukraine accounting for 68.7% of it. The inputs for the model consist of topography, river network, merged national soil maps with the properties for each soil polygon and underlying horizons, land cover, and agricultural practices such as crop rotations, fertilization, and operation schedules. In calibrating the model, we arranged daily discharge data from 56 gauges, snow cover from 61 locations, and crop yields of primary crops. The modeling period spans 41 years from 1980 to 2020. The modeling results are evaluated based on three criteria: the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (NS), the coefficient of determination (R2), and the percent bias (PBIAS). The model is available via a user-friendly web platform that features an interactive map of Ukrainian subbasins. Users can inspect the model inputs for each subbasin and monitor the daily dynamics of key outputs: river discharge, water flow components, evapotranspiration, soil water, and snow cover. The results can be downloaded as an image or a CSV file for further research. The hydrological model of Ukraine has the potential to address a wide range of issues related to water and agriculture: water supply, flood forecasting, soil water availability, water quality, the impact of climate change, and so on. The model will be expanded in the future to include sediment and nutrient transport.
Possibilities of the long-term forecasting of the appearance dates of ice phenomena at the Dnipro cascade reservoirs by heat flow coefficients
Authors:   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute, Rozlach Veronika
Published: December 2023

The development of reliable and accurate long-term ice regime forecasts is one of the most difficult tasks in hydrological practice, which has not yet been satisfactorily solved. Reliable and lead time forecasts of ice phenomena appearance and the freeze-up appearance on reservoirs are essential for the rational use of water resources and for establishing reservoir operation regimes that take into account the requirements and interests of various economic sectors: hydropower, navigation, fisheries, communal services, etc. Currently, the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Service has no methods for long-term forecasting of ice phenomena on the Dnipro River reservoirs, and those that are officially adopted and used were developed for long-term forecasts of phenomena only on rivers. Therefore, it is extremely relevant to develop methods for long-term forecasting of ice phenomena on the Dnipro reservoirs. The purpose of research is to find correlation links between quantitative indicators of atmospheric processes, which expressed in terms of heat flux coefficient, and the dates of ice phenomena in the reservoirs of the Dnipro cascade and to analyze the results. The paper also analyzes current climate change in the study region, since the ice regime is directly dependent on temperature. Changes in air temperature over the past decades have led to a reduction in the total number of days with ice phenomena on rivers, an increase in water temperature in the autumn and winter, a later of ice phenomena appearance, unstable ice cover, and difficulties in determining the appearance of ice regime phases. Taking into account the change in the climate normal in recent years, the data from 2000 to 2020 were used for the study, since it is from this period intensification of the climate warming process is observed. A representative hydrological gauging station was selected for each of the 6 reservoirs of the Dnipro River and dependencies of ice phenomena on the thermal coefficient, which is defined as the ratio of the number of periods with cold air flows to the number of periods with warm air flows during natural synoptic periods (September 01 - October 10), were obtained. This takes into account the direction of movement of air masses and their intensity. The results show that the correlation coefficients of the forecast dependencies range from 0.0005 to 0.449, and forecast error tolerance was 40-57%. This result indicates that forecasting dependencies cannot provide reliable forecasts. Therefore, the methodological approach used in the study, which was developed in the second half of the twentieth century under conditions of a more stable air temperature regime, cannot be used in modern climatic conditions. To obtain more reliable prognostic dependencies for long-term forecasting of the ice-appearance date, it is necessary to expand the search for predictors that characterize atmospheric processes both in space and time.
Interannual variability of total and low cloudiness over large cities of Ukraine: an intercomparison of observations and reanalysis
Authors:   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute, Tsila Anna , Shpyg Vitalii
Published: December 2023

Cloud cover is one of the important climate indicators. The characteristics of the cloud cover regime can be used to determine the peculiarities of atmospheric circulation, the planetary albedo of the climate system, the effective radiation of the underlying surface and the possible distribution of precipitation, so quantifying changes in cloud cover in modern conditions is relevant. Changes in circulation indices should affect changes in both the quantitative indicators of cloud cover and the repeatability of the main cloud types. An analysis of climatic studies of cloud cover and its actual changes over the territory of Ukraine, which were carried out by Ukrainian scientists, showed that they are based only on ground-based observations. The features of the spatial distribution of individual characteristics were obtained using long-term observations of the same length at all weather stations of the Ukrainian hydrometeorological network. Ukrainian studies of cloud cover fluctuations due to climate change are based on ground observations. Moreover, the length of the rows depends on the goal of the study and the time of its completion. This paper is devoted to the analysis of total and low cloudiness for each month between different decades in relation to the climate norm (1981-2010). The input data for this study was total cloud cover and low cloud cover from ERA5 [https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/reanalysis-era5-single-levels-monthly-means?tab=overview] for each month of the year for the period 1981-2020 years. The horizontal grid resolution was 0.25 degrees. The data of total and low cloud cover measured in points (from 0 to 10) were also used, which were obtained from the archive of Ukrainian hydrometeorological observation network, which is situated in the Borys Sreznevsky Central Geophysical Observatory. The average monthly data from 15 meteorological stations for the period from 1981 to 2020 were collected: Kyiv, Kharkiv, Odesa, Dnipro, Zaporizhzhia, Kryvyi Rih, Lviv, as well as Kropyvnytskyi, Lutsk, Mykolaiv, Sumy, Uzhhorod, Kherson, Chernivtsi, and Chernihiv. An analysis of cloud cover changes over the past four decades (1981-1990, 1991-2000, 2001-2010, 2011-2020) compared to the climate norm of 1981-2010 showed that they were oscillating over the territory of Ukraine. In some decades both a decrease and an increase of total and low cloudiness were observed in different parts of the country. However, for certain months, there are tendencies toward a decrease in cloud cover over time. These tendencies are most typical for spring and summer. Partially similar changes can be noted for the autumn-winter period. The decrease of low cloud cover prevails over the total cloud cover.
Perspective for the application of renewable energy sources at rock dumps
Authors:   M.S. Poliakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics, Halchenko Zariana , Medvedieva Olga
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The use of renewable energy sources (RES) on open pit rock dumps has the potential to become an important solution for ensuring sustainable development and reducing the negative impact on the environment within mining regions. Methods. Solar and wind energy are among the main RES that can be applied to open pit rock dumps. Solar energy. Open dumps can be an excellent location for solar panels. They can use open space to collect solar energy and generate electricity. With the development of solar cell and solar panel technologies, it becomes possible to increase the efficiency of generating electricity from solar energy sources, making this alternative more and more attractive. Wind energy. Landfills can be an ideal place to install wind energy installations, which will allow wind energy to be used to generate electricity. Wind energy installations should be effectively placed on the top of the dumps. Our Institute is considering the possibility of installing wind energy installations with a vertical axis of rotation, which work efficiently at low wind speeds and produce electricity already at a wind speed of 3-5 m/s. Also, similar wind energy installations are more ecological, they do not create a noise load and are easier to maintain. The results. The use of renewable energy sources on open rock dumps has a number of promising aspects: Energy efficiency is the main advantage of using RES. Excavation rock dumps often have significant dimensions and a high concentration of natural resources. The use of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind energy can provide constant and stable energy capacity for certain processes in mining enterprises. Environmental efficiency. Traditional sources of energy, such as coal or gas, cause significant emissions of pollutants. The use of RES will help to reduce the impact on the environment significantly and to improve the ecological situation in the areas of mining regions. Economic benefits. The use of RES can help reduce the costs of enterprises on traditional energy sources, thereby ensuring economic sustainability. Innovation and development. The introduction of RES can stimulate innovation and the development of new technologies, which ensures the creation of new jobs and supports the economy of the region. Conclusions. The implementation of RES on open rock dumps may require large investments, technical equipment and research. However, this is a profitable solution for providing additional sources of energy, balancing the environmental impact of mining regions, and in the long run, economic benefits. All this will lead to sustainable development of mining regions.
The methodology for burning efficiency estimation in Ukraine using NO2/CO ratio
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Rybchynska Valeriia , Savenets Mykhailo ,   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute
Published: December 2023

Atmospheric chemistry transport modeling and air quality decision-making rely on the input emissions data. Due to the existing uncertainties in emission inventories that come from the biases in assessment methodologies, huge efforts are made towards combining various approaches based on different data sources. Information about ratios of chemical compounds provides us with valuable knowledge about changes in fuel consumption by anthropogenic emission sources and natural air pollution releases. NO2/CO ratio is among the most popular parameters for estimating burning efficiency that can be applied for remote sensing data. In this study we present the methodology for burning efficiency estimation relevant for Ukrainian territory. We used seven pre-war case studies including three days for Kyiv (representing the variety of emission sources), two days for Mariupol (representing prevailing coal-fired industries), and two days for wildfires as reference cases for comparison. The methodology was developed using NO2 and CO total columns (remote sensing by TROPOMI – Sentinel-5P), supported by the boundary layer height and wind parameters from the ERA-5 reanalysis. The methodology consists of four main steps: (1) NO2 and CO filtering using cloudiness and a quality assurance index; (2) meteorological data processing for obtaining the prevailing wind field at the top of the boundary layer; (3) NO2 and CO content processing over emission sources and in the background; and (4) computation of NO2/CO ratio. The methodology testing reveals applicability for NO2/CO ratio usage over Ukraine as for assessing the changes in fuel consumption, so also for further correction of emission factors. For selected case studies, NO2/CO ratio equals 2.6 to 6.5 for wildfires, 3.1 to 4.6 for Mariupol, and 10.8 to 31.7 for Kyiv.
Health Care Utilization After Nonfatal Firearm Injuries
Authors: Gastineau Kelsey A.B. , Oddo Elizabeth R. , Maldonado Lizmarie G. , Simpson Annie N. , Hink Ashley B. , Andrews Annie L.
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVES

Despite the high incidence of firearm injuries, little is known about health care utilization after nonfatal childhood firearm injuries. This study aimed to describe health care utilization and costs after a nonfatal firearm injury among Medicaid and commercially insured youth using a propensity score matched analysis.

METHODS

We conducted a propensity score matched cohort analysis using 2015 to 2018 Medicaid and Commercial Marketscan data comparing utilization in the 12-months post firearm injury for youth aged 0 to 17. We matched youth with a nonfatal firearm injury 1:1 to comparison noninjured youth on demographic and preindex variables. Outcomes included inpatient hospitalizations, emergency department (ED) visits, and outpatient visits as well as health care costs. Following propensity score matching, regression models estimated relative risks of the health care utilization outcomes, adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates.

RESULTS

We identified 2110 youth with nonfatal firearm injury. Compared with matched noninjured youth, firearm injured youth had a 5.31-fold increased risk of inpatient hospitalization (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.93–7.20), 1.49-fold increased risk of ED visit (95% CI 1.37–1.62), and 1.06-fold increased risk of outpatient visit (95% CI 1.03–1.10) 12-months postinjury. Adjusted 12-month postindex costs were $7581 (95% CI $7581–$8092) for injured youth compared with $1990 (95% CI $1862–2127) for comparison noninjured youth.

CONCLUSIONS

Youth who suffer nonfatal firearm injury have a significantly increased risk of hospitalizations, ED visits, outpatient visits, and costs in the 12 months after injury when compared with matched youth. Applied to the 11 258 US youth with nonfatal firearm injuries in 2020, estimates represent potential population health care savings of $62.9 million.
Selection of Non-vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulant for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Based on Patient Profile: Perspectives from Vietnamese Experts. Part 2
Authors: Ton Minh That , Ho Tri Huynh Quang , Nguyen Viet Lan , Pham Hung Manh , Hoang Sy Van , Vo Nhan Thanh , Nguyen Thai Quoc , Pham Linh Tran , Mai Ton Duy , Nguyen Thang Huy
Published: December 2023

Part 1 of this review provided an overview of AF in Vietnam, with a particular focus on primary and secondary stroke prevention. Part 2 explores the management of AF in special, high-risk and clinically common patient populations including those with renal impairment, diabetes, the elderly, and those with coronary artery disease. Furthermore, Part 2 addresses the challenges posed by patients with AF who have a bioprosthetic valve, a group situated in a grey area of consideration. Managing AF in these patient groups presents unique clinical challenges that require careful consideration. Physicians are tasked with addressing specific clinical questions to identify the optimal anticoagulation strategy for each individual. To inform these decisions, subgroup analyses from pivotal studies are presented alongside real-world data derived from clinical practice. By synthesising available information and considering the nuanced clinical context, the aim is to provide informed perspectives that align with current medical knowledge and contribute to the enhancement of patient care in these challenging scenarios.
prática educativa durante o ensino remoto na educação profissional e tecnológica do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Baiano
Authors: Fonseca Gomes Aline , Santiago Carneiro Etiene , Ferreira Santos Rangel Cruz Carla , De Souza Susmickat Aguiar Ivonete , Bandeira dos Santos Murça Milena
Published: December 2023

A presente pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo a prática educativa de professores do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Baiano, durante o ensino remoto, com vistas a levantar elementos que auxiliem o exercício da profissão docente, partindo da perspectiva de que a pandemia da COVID-19 exigiu uma revisão das práticas docentes. Nesse sentido, foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva, objetivando levantar informações e elementos que pudessem contribuir com a avaliação das práticas docentes, especialmente àquelas voltadas para o uso das metodologias ativas. A pesquisa permitiu identificar que os desafios da docência foram ainda mais acentuados no período pandêmico, exigindo dos professores inúmeras adaptações para a implantação das atividades pedagógicas não presenciais. Sobre as estratégias utilizadas durante as aulas remotas, observou-se que os professores fizeram uso de metodologias ativas de aprendizagem e das tecnologias da informação em suas práticas, apesar dos desafios apontados no que diz respeito ao acesso eficiente à internet e aos equipamentos e às dificuldades de utilização de tecnologias educacionais digitais. A partir dos resultados obtidos, a pesquisa demonstrou que as metodologias ativas podem colaborar na melhoria da prática docente na educação profissional e tecnológica, uma vez que contribuem para o processo de ensino e de aprendizagem, através da compreensão do discente como protagonista do referido processo, engajando-o e motivando-o a buscar o conhecimento de forma a melhor compreender os assuntos a serem abordados nas diversas disciplinas, de uma maneira mais próxima a sua realidade e a conduzir discussões mais amplas, seja através do desenvolvimento de projetos colaborativos entre os docentes e suas respectivas disciplinas, da utilização de jogos e da realização de atividades que possibilitem, por exemplo, o uso de raciocínio lógico ou capacidades analíticas e o desenvolvimento de simulações de práticas, a partir dos objetivos dos cursos.
Cantorvals as sets of subsums for a series connected with trigonometric functions
Authors: Pratsiovytyi Mykola , Karvatskyi Dmytro
Published: December 2023

We study properties of the set of subsums for convergent series k1 sin x + ... + km sin x + ... + k1 sin x[(n-1)/m+1] + ... + km sin x[(n-1)/m+1] + ... where k1, k2, k3, ..., km are fixed positive integers and 0<x<1. It is proved that depending on the parameter x this set can be a finite union of closed intervals or Cantor-type set or even Cantorval.
Methodical Approach to Hierarchization of State Regulatory Measures (The Example of the Marine Economic Complex)
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Gontar Nikolay
Published: December 2023

State regulation, as an integral element of its mechanisms, contains a system of assessments of achieved results, which is an instrument of adaptive management. However, with regard to departmental assessments of this kind, a number of methodically ambiguous approaches take place in Russia, which actualizes the need for objectification of estimates and hierarchization of regulatory measures on this basis. The Marine Economic Complex (MEC) of Russia, as a dynamic inter-sectoral complex (maritime transport, port economy, tourism, fisheries, logistics, and seaside industry), today performs the functions of compensating for sanctions pressure against Russia and is the object of implementing a complex regulatory system (sectoral and spatial) in the form of state programs, preferential regimes, and regional development measures. As part of the hierarchy of its control tools, an approach has been proposed that allows you to compare such tools based on the calculation of performance indicators, a complimentary approach to their grouping, taking into account ideas about efficiency as well as the cost of implementing control measures. This approach allows you to quantify the effectiveness of specific programs, special economic zones (SEZ), and other packages of measures. The spectrum of these allows you to select the most effective mechanisms (or simulate their combination) when forming a comprehensive control tool in the MEC.
Impact of Remittances on Inflation in Nigeria
Authors:   Olabisi Onabanjo University, Atoyebi Esther , Ogede Jimoh ,   Olabisi Onabanjo University, Adegboyega Soliu ,   Olabisi Onabanjo University, Odusanya Ibrahim ,   Olabisi Onabanjo University
Published: December 2023

International remittances have emerged as an indispensable financial resource for development. However, despite remittances’ growing relevance in overall foreign financial flows in Nigeria, the consumptionoriented nature of the economy of the country presents an intriguing opportunity to consider the connection between foreign remittances and inflation within the country. This study investigates the influence of foreign remittances on inflation in Nigeria from 1990 to 2021. The autoregressive distributed lag technique was employed to scrutinize the long-term behavior of inflation and remittances. The empirical findings indicate that foreign remittances exhibit a negative and statistically insignificant correlation with inflation in Nigeria. The money supply has a satisfactory impact on inflation and is statistically substantial. According to statistical analysis, the exchange rate and economic growth have a negative correlation with inflation, while the exchange rate of the national currency remains stable. Additionally, economic growth has a significant impact on inflation, whereas no correlation has been found between remittances and inflation in the short run. The study argues that in order to ensure price stability, it is important to establish and maintain a mechanism that effectively controls the growth of the money supply and aligns it with economic development goals. This mechanism should promote interaction between financial and fiscal authorities to establish a coherent structure that adjusts monetary policy based on government spending, stimulates sustainable economic growth to reduce inflation, and encourages the creation of jobs and production zones to accelerate economic growth. This may lower inflation by increasing the supply of goods and services. It is necessary to support these efforts by regularly monitoring exchange rate changes and their implications for inflation. Nigeria can maintain economic stability and low inflation by balancing domestic and foreign financial flows.
Impact of Sectoral Structure on the Dynamics of Labor Productivity in the US Economy
Authors:   Ryazan State Agrotechnological University named after P.A. Kostychev, Minat Valerij
Published: December 2023

The importance of labor productivity growth increases in the context of economic regionalization, which requires an economy-wide restructuring. In the United States of America, which continues its policy of reindustrial development, protectionism, and the suppression of competing countries by all means, the role of the structural factor in the dynamics of labor productivity is not uniform. The paper presents a theoretical analysis and methodological possibility of calculating the relationship between such economic categories and processes as labor productivity and its decline in the US economy, on the one hand, and structural changes in the American economy, on the other hand. Based on the use of the index method with the conversion of material resources into labor costs, an attempt was made to empirically identify the different impacts of specific industries (sectors) of the US economy on changes in labor productivity. The chronological period for calculating the system of necessary indices takes into account 2005 as the base year used for comparison with 2022. The results obtained indicate the beginning of a “reindustrial turn” in the US economy, which created the basis for the gradual recovery of the lost growth rates of labor productivity, together with the sector of information and communication services. It is noted that the movement of workers with relatively low qualifications from the manufacturing sectors of the American economy to the service sector, along with an increase in working hours, contributes to a decrease in labor productivity in a number of service industries. An increase in the role of the structural factor in the dynamics of labor productivity in those industries that most actively respond to the possibility of reducing labor costs in the context of growing technologization of economic activity is revealed. The conclusion is made about the information-industrial orientation of the structural changes observed in the United States over the period under study, which provides for a structural transformation of the labor market in the direction of increasing the efficiency of labor costs per unit of working time.
Priorities of State Regulation of Innovative Activities in the Conditions of Supporting the Technological Sovereignty of the Country
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Kurchenkov Vladimir , Makarenko Olga ,   Volgograd State University
Published: December 2023

The article deals with the issues of state regulation of innovative activity in the context of modern foreign policy, economic challenges, and the need to ensure the technological sovereignty of the country. The study highlights the main goals and methods of state innovation policy. Two groups of factors influencing the innovative development of the economy (stimulating factors and inhibitory factors slowing down the implementation of innovative activity) are described. The activities of the main institutions for the development of innovations in the Russian Federation are considered, and an analysis of the dynamics of the costs of the innovative activity of organizations is presented. The role of state corporations in the innovative and technological development of the Russian economy is substantiated, and the mechanisms and features of the organization of innovative activity used in these organizations are considered. Practical examples of the participation of state corporations in ensuring the technological sovereignty of the country are presented. It has been determined that the implementation of innovative activity by these corporations makes it possible to develop not only internal innovations and technologies but also to ensure the influx of external developments and to select innovative projects, including taking into account the priorities of the technological independence of our country. The analysis made it possible to highlight the problems and shortcomings of the existing mechanisms and instruments of state regulation of innovative activity, as well as to offer recommendations for their improvement.
Regional Development Institutions: Status and Effectiveness (On the Example of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Regions of Southern Russia)
Authors:   Federal Research Centre the Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mitrofanova Inna , Ivanova Tatiana ,   Volgograd Institute of Management branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of Russian Federation
Published: December 2023

The article considers the state and evaluation of the effectiveness of regional development institutions in the field of small and medium-sized enterprises. The relevance and novelty of the research are connected with the process of reforming the institute of development at the federal level – the SME Corporation – and related changes in the regions in the context of the implementation of the national project “Small and Mediumsized Enterprises and Support for Individual Entrepreneurial Initiatives,” as well as the digitalization of the economy. The methodology of the study was a cumulative-comparative regional synthesis with the calculation of statistical and economic-mathematical indicators. A database of the characteristics of the state of SMEs was formed on the basis of open sources of information. Based on it, it was found that due to digitalization, the overlapping functions between the federal and regional levels of SME support have increased. At the same time, the outlines of regional development institutions for SMEs differ by region. The centers providing guarantees, microfinance, and consulting services are common. The system for assessing regional development institutions for SMEs is based on determining the directions of development for the SME sector as a whole. It is proven that this does not reflect the effectiveness of the work of the SME regional development institutions. It is predicted that as the functionality of the digital platform develops, the multiplicity of currently existing regional development institutions for SMEs will die off and build up by analogy with the work of the Multifunctional Center. It is proposed to continue work on the creation of a system for evaluating the effectiveness of work with SMEs. For this purpose, directions for expanding the digital profile of an entrepreneur are proposed. This will allow us to move on to assessing the effectiveness of all federal and regional development institutions at the microlevel.
Implementation of the Semi-Automatic Analysis Methodology of Strategic Planning Documents: Agglomerations of the Sverdlovsk Region
Authors:   Institute for Regional Economic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Roslyakova Natalia , Kanevsky Evgeny ,   Institute for Regional Economic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Boyarsky Kirill ,   Institute for Regional Economic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2023

The variety of strategic planning documents forms the basis for the development of methods for the analytical processing of such texts and the allocation of key semantic structures in them. There are three agglomerations in the Sverdlovsk region, including the sixth largest, Yekaterinburg. In this paper, using the example of the analysis of the strategy of socio-economic development of the Sverdlovsk region, a method of preliminary text processing and generalization of semantic constructions is proposed for the purpose of visual and concentrated representation of the key meanings embedded in the document. The use of a content analyzer and a semantic-syntactic parser provides various forms of presentation of the results, which allows solving the task of identifying meaningful language constructs. In the next stage, by means of the word cloud construction toolkit, which takes into account the frequency of mention and the strength of the connection of words in preprocessed data from strategy texts, generalizations of semantic constructions in the form of word clouds were obtained. Such tools are a contribution to the processes of pre-planned and planned analytical support, providing increased efficiency and consistency in the process of state and regional strategic planning for territories of different levels.
Development of the Efficiency Evaluation Method of Intersubjective Approach Application to the Problem Situations Solving
Authors:   Institute for the Control of Complex Systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a separate division of the Samara Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moiseeva Tatiana
Published: December 2023

A new intersubjective approach to management, complementing traditional management and taking into account subjective factors, covers the scope of management associated with solving problem situations for heterogeneous actors. The uniqueness of the approach lies in the fact that the actors get out of the problem situation themselves, not managers who are endowed with certain powers and want to help their participants. The aim of the study is to develop a method for evaluating the effectiveness of applying a new intersubjective approach. Subjective factors are taken into account due to the orientation of the intersubjective approach to subjects. It is proposed to use the scenario modeling methodology, which includes a comparison of several alternative scenarios. In intersubjective problem-solving management, scenario modeling compares the post-resolution situation to the situation without the use of the approach. An algorithm for assessing the satisfaction of actors with the results of solving a problem situation has been developed. It includes an integral assessment of the results of applying the methodology of intersubjective problem-solving in organizational systems. The approval of the efficiency evaluation method showed that the effect obtained is higher when traditional management is supplemented with an intersubjective approach.
2020–2021 rhinovirus genetic diversity in Saint Petersburg
Authors: Ksenafontov Andrey D. , Pisareva Maria M. , Eder Veronika A. , Musaeva Tamila D. , Fadeev Artem V. , Komissarov Andrey B. , Kiseleva Irina V. , Lioznov Dmitry A.
Published: December 2023

Introduction. Rhinoviruses represent one of the most common respiratory viruses and belong to the Picornoviridae family, genus Enterovirus, being divided into three types: A, B, C, which account for 169 types. Rhinoviruses predominate in autumn and spring periods, although they circulate throughout almost entire epidemic season. The rhinovirus genome is represented by a single-stranded 7.2 thousand base-long +RNA. According to the publications, the most common rhinovirus species is rhinovirus A (HRV-A), followed by rhinoviruses C (HRV-C) and finally rhinovirus B (HRV-B). The aim of our study was to define rhinovirus genetic diversity in Saint Petersburg . Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza. Samples (smears from the nasopharynx and oropharynx) were delivered from the S.P. Botkin Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital, St. Olga’s Children's City Hospital, N.F. Filatov Children's City Clinical Hospital No. 5. Outpatient samples were used as well. Samples received from December 2020 to October 2021 were analyzed. Detection of rhinoviruses was carried out by real-time PCR, typing — by Sanger sequencing, with primers developed by da Costa Souza L. et al. (2021). Results. According to total specimen testing, rhinoviruses comprise 3.2% total number of specimens tested. Of these, 71 rhinoviruses were typed, representing 17.03% total number of rhinovirus-positive specimens. The most common was HRV-A (55%), among which 21 types were found (the most common HRV-A46 is 13%, n = 5). HRV-B and HRV-C were found in equal numbers — 23% (n = 16) of each species out of total number of typed rhinoviruses. Among HRV-B, 8 types were found; the most common HRV-B06 comprised 33% (n = 5). Among HRV-C, 7 types were found (the most common types are HRV-C42, HRV-C32 and HRV-C15 — 19% each, n = 3). HRV-A was detected mainly in patients aged 18 to 65 years (57.5%, n = 23). HRV-B was detected only in adult patients (100%, n = 16). HRV-C was detected in children under 2 years of age (43.75%, n = 7) and adults aged 18–65 years (31.25%, n = 5). In some cases, HRV-A and HRV-C were associated with various respiratory tract syndromes such as acute nasopharyngitis, laryngotracheitis, obstructive bronchitis, and pneumonia. HRV-B was related to clinical manifestations of pneumonia in seven cases. Conclusion. Rhinovirus type A prevails in Saint Petersburg . Rhinoviruses can be associated with diverse respiratory tract syndromes.
Evaluation of bowel wall flow by color Doppler ultrasound in the assessment of inflammatory bowel disease activity in pediatric patients
Authors: Castellano Marco Aurélio , Scheeffer Vanessa , Petersen Vanessa , Silveira Themis Reverbel da
Published: December 2023

Abstract Objective: To assess inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) activity with Doppler ultrasound in pediatric patients, comparing the accuracy of the ultrasound findings with that of the concentrations of fecal calprotectin (FC). Materials and Methods: In a consecutive series, we evaluated 53 examinations of 44 pediatric patients seen between 2014 and 2020: 28 with Crohn’s disease, 15 with ulcerative colitis, and one with IBD unclassified. The diagnosis of IBD was made in accordance with the Porto criteria. The alteration studied in the greatest detail was bowel wall flow, which was classified by the lead investigator and two pediatric radiologists, all of whom were blinded to the FC concentrations and the other ultrasound findings. Bowel wall flow was categorized as low if there were up to 2 Doppler ultrasound signals/cm2, moderate if there were 3-5 signals/cm2, and high if there were more than 5 signals/cm2. Results: The agreement among the radiologists was substantial (kappa = 0.73). In cases in which ultrasound showed low bowel wall flow, the median FC concentration was 92 µg/g (interquartile range, 33-661 µg/g), whereas it was 2,286 µg/g (interquartile range, 1,728-5,612 µg/g) in those in which ultrasound showed high bowel wall flow. In the sample as a whole, the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound was 89.7% and 92.0%, respectively, for the detection of inflammatory activity; 95.5% and 90.9%, respectively, for the detection of Crohn’s disease; and 81.3% and 100.0%, respectively, for the detection of ulcerative colitis. Conclusion: Ultrasound of the bowel wall showed a strong correlation with FC concentrations in the assessment of inflammatory activity in pediatric patients with IBD.
Prenatal diagnosis of hypoplastic left heart syndrome: current knowledge
Authors: Bravo-Valenzuela Nathalie Jeanne , Araujo Júnior Edward
Published: December 2023

Abstract Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is characterized by underdevelopment of the left-sided heart structures. The prenatal diagnosis of this congenital heart disease is crucial because a newborn with undiagnosed HLHS often presents with clinical signs of low cardiac output once the ductus arteriosus begins to close. With that in mind, the aim of this article was to perform a non-systematic review focusing on the key ultrasound features that can be used in the prenatal diagnosis of HLHS. Severe forms of HLHS are characterized by a markedly abnormal four-chamber view of the fetal heart (small left atrium, hypoplastic left ventricle, or abnormal mitral valve). The left ventricular outflow tract view allows the degree of hypoplasia in the tract to be evaluated and the diameter of the ascending aorta to be measured. The Z-scores are intended to aid in the diagnosis and follow-up of HLHS. In mild forms of HLHS, a right ventricle/left ventricle length ratio > 1.28 was the strongest predictor of a univentricular outcome.
Local protection bubbles: an interpretation of the slowdown in the spread of coronavirus in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, in July 2020
Authors: Pinto Jose Paulo Guedes , Magalhães Patrícia Camargo , Figueiredo Gerusa Maria , Alves Domingos , Angel Diana Maritza Segura
Published: December 2023

Abstract: After four months of fighting the pandemic, the city of São Paulo, Brazil, entered a phase of relaxed social distancing measures in July 2020. Simultaneously, there was a decline in the social distancing rate and a reduction in the number of cases, fatalities, and hospital bed occupancy. To understand the pandemic dynamics in the city of São Paulo, we developed a multi-agent simulation model. Surprisingly, the counter-intuitive results of the model followed the city’s reality. We argue that this phenomenon could be attributed to local bubbles of protection that emerged in the absence of contagion networks. These bubbles reduced the transmission rate of the virus, causing short and temporary reductions in the epidemic curve - but manifested as an unstable equilibrium. Our hypothesis aligns with the virus spread dynamics observed thus far, without the need for ad hoc assumptions regarding the natural thresholds of collective immunity or the heterogeneity of the population’s transmission rate, which may lead to erroneous predictions. Our model was designed to be user-friendly and does not require any scientific or programming expertise to generate outcomes on virus transmission in a given location. Furthermore, as an input to start our simulation model, we developed the COVID-19 Protection Index as an alternative to the Human Development Index, which measures a given territory vulnerability to the coronavirus and includes characteristics of the health system and socioeconomic development, as well as the infrastructure of the city of São Paulo.
Depressão, ansiedade, estresse e apoio social: estudo transversal com cuidadores de crianças com deficiência visual no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil - Views-QoL Study
Authors: Moreira Martha Cristina Nunes , Steffen Ricardo Ewbanck , Zin Andrea Araujo , Santos Marisa da Silva , Costa Ana Carolina Carioca da , Campos Daniel de Souza , Barros Letícia Baptista de Paula , Moreira Maria Elisabeth Lopes , Mendes Corina Helena Figueira , Kuper Hannah , Pinto Márcia
Published: December 2023

Resumo: O objetivo foi identificar os relatos de sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse entre cuidadores de crianças sem deficiência visual, com baixa visão e com cegueira e sua relação com o grau de apoio social, emocional, material e afetivo. Estudo transversal e multicêntrico, realizado no Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, entre 2019 e 2020. Aplicou-se um questionário para obter dados sociodemográficos e econômicos do cuidador. Foram utilizadas a Escala de Apoio Social (The Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale - MOS-SSS) e a Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse (The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale - DASS-21). Na comparação entre as escalas, foram utilizados testes para comparações múltiplas. Estimou-se a razão de prevalência de sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse. Do total de cuidadores (N = 355), mais de 90% eram mulheres-mães e a maior proporção de cuidadores sem instrução ou Ensino Fundamental incompleto e com menor renda média mensal foi daqueles de crianças com deficiência visual. A maioria dos cuidadores de crianças com cegueira relatou sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse (respectivamente, 66,7%, 73,3% e 80%), mesmo comportamento observado no grupo de cuidadores de crianças com baixa visão. Na avaliação da relação entre os resultados das escalas MOS-SSS e DASS-21, entre os cuidadores de crianças sem deficiência ou com menor comprometimento visual, observou-se maiores apoios e menores escores de relatos de depressão, ansiedade e estresse. Entre os cuidadores de crianças cegas, as maiores prevalências não dependeram dos apoios recebidos. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de uma política de cuidado com mecanismos de proteção à saúde mental dos cuidadores de crianças com deficiência visual.
Tapping into Tapajos: antibacterial potential of fungal strains isolated from decaying wood in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Canto E. S. M. , Bentes V. S. , Silva M. J. A. , Lima E. S. , Silva D. R. , Nunez C. V. , Cortez A. C. A. , Souza E. S. , Souza J. V. B.
Published: December 2023

Abstract The emergence of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials poses a significant health threat. To address this issue, exploring the fungal diversity in freshwater environments in the Amazon Forest has potential in the search for new antimicrobials. This study aimed to investigate the production of antibacterial metabolites by aquatic fungi from Amazon lakes, specifically Lake Juá and Lake Maicá (Brazil-PA). The fungal isolates were obtained from wood fragments submerged in these lakes, and the ethyl acetate extracts were evaluated for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, S. aureus (MRSA), ATCC 43300, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and E. coli (ESBL) NCTC 13353. Additionally, toxicity of the extracts (EtOAc with antimicrobial activity) against human fibroblasts MRC-5 was investigated. The study identified 40 fungal strains with antimicrobial screening, and the ethyl acetate extracts of Fluviatispora C34, Helicascus C18, Monodictys C15, and Fusarium solani LM6281 exhibited antibacterial activity. F. solani LM6281 showed the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 50 µg/mL against S. aureus strains and MIC of 100 µg/mL against E. coli strains including ESBL. The cytotoxicity (IC50) of the extract (EtOAc) of F. solani LM6281 was 34.5 µg/mL. Preliminary studies of the TLC culture and RNM-H from the extract (EtOAc) of F. solani suggested the presence of substances from the class of terpenes, quinones, phenolics, and flavonoids. This study highlights the potential of submerged wood fungi in the Amazon region to produce antibacterial substances, thus identifying them as sources of novel bioactive compounds with potential use in the pharmaceutical industry and regional bioeconomy.