bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Penerapan Virtual Laboratorium Versus Reality Laboratorium
Authors: Maksum Apid Hapid , Saragih Yuliarman
Published: September 2020

Pembelajaran kimia memiliki kegiatan pembelajaran teori dan praktikum, Infrastruktur laboratorium merupakan bagian yang sering menjadi hambatan utama. Secara umum penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan alternatif solusi pada keterbatasan sumberdaya pembelajaran di Perguruan Tinggi khususnya prakikum, Secara khusus penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisa penerapan virtual laboratorium dan reality laboratorium dengan metode eksperimental. Hasil analisa dari 15 sampel mahasiswa Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang yang diberikan 7 jenis pertanyaan adalah, penerapan virtual lab dapat mengurangi kesalahan dan kecelakaan kerja saat praktikum, selain itu penerapan virtual lab juga dapat menjadi solusi bagi perguruan tinggi yang memiliki permasalahan dengan fasilitas laboratorium, namun virtual lab tidak bisa diterapkan secara penuh menggantikan reality lab, hal ini dikarenakan tingkat pengalaman dan keterampilan praktikan dengan virtual lab tidak sebaik dengan reality lab. Praktikan tidak secara langsung berinteraksi dengan alat dan bahan kimia, sehingga virtual lab lebih efektif jika diterapkan sebagai praktikum pendahuluan untuk menunjang pemahaman praktikan dalam melakukan praktikum.
Sekolah Inklusif Berbasis Karaker Nilai-Nilai Islam di SMA Mutiara Bunda Bandung
Authors: Aisah Heti
Published: September 2020

Salah satu lembaga yang saat ini melaksanakan pendidikan inklusif adalah SMA Mutiara Bunda. SMA ini berhasil menjalankan visi menjadi pembelajar sepanjang hayat dengan integritas tinggi dan terlibat dalam masyarakat global dengan nilai-nilai Islam. Melihat fakta tersebut, maka dilakukan sebuah penelitian dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pendidikan karakter berbasis nilai-nilai Islam yang diterapkan di SMA Mutiara Bunda Kota Bandung. Penelitian dilakukan menggunkana pendekatan deskritif kualitatif. Data dianalisis menggunakan model Miles and Huberman. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan karakter di SMA Mutiara Bunda, diperoleh dari penanaman budaya yang memiliki nilai-nilai grateful, acceptance, caring dan sharing, continuous improvement, persistence. Nilai-nilai tersebut selaras dengan tuntutan kurikulum 2013 dan kecakapan abad ke-21.

Abstrack

One of the institutions currently implementing inclusive education is Mutiara Bunda High School. This high school carries out the vision of being a lifelong learner with high integrity and engaging in a global society with Islamic values. Seeing these facts, a study was conducted with the aim of knowing character education based on Islamic values ​​applied at SMA Mutiara Bunda, Bandung City. The research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. The results of the study indicate that character education at Mutiara Bunda Senior High School, is obtained from cultivating a culture that has the values ​​of being grateful, acceptance, caring and sharing, continuous improvement, perseverance. These values ​​are consistent with 2013 curriculum records and 21st century skills.
Kolaborasi Musik Rock dengan Alat Musik Tradisional Polopalo
Authors: Febriyando Febriyando
Published: September 2020

Abstrak

Polopalo adalah alat musik khas Gorontalo, yang sudah mulai ditinggalkan oleh generasi masa kini. Akan sangat menarik jika alat musik ini dikolaborasikan dengan alat musik modern. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui cara yang efektif dalam mengolaborasikan musik rock dengan alat musik polopalo. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterbatasan nada yang dihasilkan dari bunyi alat musik polopalo menjadi suatu hambatan dalam proses kolaborasi, sehingga cara yang paling efektif dalam kolaborasi yang penulis lakukan adalah dengan menjadikan alat musik polopalo tersebut sebagai alat musik perkusi.

Abstract

The polopalo is a typical Gorontalo musical instrument, which the current generation has begun to abandon. It would be very interesting if this musical instrument was collaborated with modern musical instruments. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effective way to collaborate rock music with the Polopalo musical instrument. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach. The results showed that the limitation of the tone produced from the sound of the polopalo musical instrument became an obstacle in the collaboration process, so that the most effective way of collaboration that the author did was to make the polopalo instrument as a percussion instrument.
Ozone technology using low-intensity irrigation in Azerbaĳan
Authors: Aliev Bahram , Zeynalova Aytekin , Soltanzade Gasym
Published: September 2020

The article discusses the use of ozone technology using lowintensity irrigation in Azerbaĳan. The use of low-intensity irrigation using ozonized water is absolutely safe from the standpoint of environmental safety and this is its great advantage over other irrigation methods in agriculture. The developed irrigation technique at the same time creates an optimum water regime for plants of the root zone of the soil, ecological stability, and also an increase in yield.
Features of the regime of drainage of longterm seasonally permafrost peat soils of Western Siberia
Authors: Motorin Aleksandr
Published: September 2020

As a result of perennial (1980–2018) field and lysimetric studies, it was found that soil moisture in the presence of permafrost is determined by the amount of moisture consumed by soil and plants for evaporation, on the one hand, and the amount of precipitation in the spring and summer period thicker, on the other. The optimal depth of the groundwater table for the south of the Tyumen region lies within: annual grasses – 0,9–1,1, perennial grasses – 0,7–0,8 m. In order to eliminate the accumulation of excess moisture in the groundwater level from the end of the effective period in the frozen layer before the beginning of freezing, air temperatures are reduced to 1,6–2 m and maintained at this depth until spring snowmelt. During the period of snowmelt, they do not dump the melt water, but use it to raise groundwater to a depth of 0,8–1,1 m and maintain this level until the end of the effective air temperature period. The required depth of the groundwater table is ensured by using drainage in the marshes of low floodplain terraces and open channels on the peatlands of the watersheds.
煤矿机电设备的安全管理和维护浅谈
Authors: 朱 峰
Published: September 2020

近年来，我国社会经济水平得到了显著的提升，在这个过程中煤矿生产行业起到了十分重要的影响作用。煤矿生产行业不仅与社会发展密切相关，并且与民众的生活也是息息相关，经过对大量的信息数据进行对比分析我们发现，近年来在国民经济中煤矿生产行业经济收入的占比较高。就煤矿生产工作来说，通常都会使用到专业的机电设备，为了从根本上提升煤矿开采工作的效率和效果，煤矿开采单位需要对机电设备安全管理和维保工作加以重点关注，针对其中所存在的各类问题要借助有效的方式方法来加以解决，这样才能确保煤矿开采工作能够有序的开展。鉴于此这篇文章主要针对煤矿机电设备的安全管理和维护工作展开全面深入的分析研究，希望能够对我国煤矿生产行业的良好发展有所帮助。
民用建筑暖通工程施工管理要点的探讨
Authors: 柳 兵强
Published: September 2020

暖通工程在民用工程建筑中起到非常关键的作用，暖通工程不仅仅会使居民的居住环境受到影响，还直接的影响着建筑设施的使用情况。以此，在现实的施工过程中，施工部门要对施工的监督管理工作进行严格的管理，对项目施工中的各种管理经验进行及时的总结，与施工项目的内容和特征相结合，完整的阐述自己的意见，帮助施工管理部门顺利的开展工作，使工程项目的整体施工质量得到有效的提升，将施工过程中的重点、难点明确的指出来，严格按照有关标准和要求开展施工操作，及时的发现施工管理工作中存在的问题，并保证在第一时间去处理问题，保证投入使用的工程项目在质量上达到并超越预期的要求。因此，文章以民用建筑暖通工程的施工管理为研究对象，对其要点进行深入的探讨和研究。
浅谈复杂空间条件下管廊工程土方回填施工质量控制
Authors: 李 强 , 薛 孟斌 , 张 宇飞 , 何 宝红 , 刘 瑶
Published: September 2020

市政工程地下土方回填施工过程中空间狭小复杂，且诸多因素下造成回填质量事故频发，对后期建构筑物以及市政道路造成诸多影响。比如路基下沉、建构筑物不均匀沉降引起的开裂，造成返修难、加固费时费工等缺点，土方回填施工质量应做到事前控制，事中管控，事后检测，确保土方回填施工质量。
建筑工程管理中施工管理控制的应用
Authors: 陈 子荷
Published: September 2020

在最近的几年时间里，我国综合国力得到了全面的提升，从而推动了城市化建设工作的全面开展，这样就为建筑工程行业的发展壮大带来了良好基础，在这种发展形势下，人们对建筑工程施工质量提出了更高的要求，所以我们需要加大力度全面落实建筑工程质量管控工作，从根本上对建筑工程施工质量加以保证，并且避免发生资源浪费的情况。鉴于此，这篇文章主要针对建筑工程施工管理控制工作展开全面深入的研究，希望能够对建筑工程行业的未来良好发展有所帮助。
市政工程中雨水泵站施工技术刍议
Authors: 高 远
Published: September 2020

随着我国城市化进程的不断推进，给城市基础设施的建设工作提出了更高的要求。其中雨水泵站能够有效避免城市积水问题或是雨水倒灌问题，解决城市内涝问题。基于此，文章对市政工程中雨水泵站施工的常见问题进行调查，分析雨水泵站的施工技术，以供参考。
论内墙装饰涂料对建筑室内环境的改造与节能作用的探索
Authors: 王 军刚
Published: September 2020

在展开建筑装饰装修时，墙面美化是不可忽视的，使用的材料多是内墙涂料，然而很多的涂料中存在一定的有害物质，这就使得人体会受到较大伤害。我们国家针对内墙涂料予以了详细规定，外观、稳定性、对比率以及抗碱性等均要符合既定的要求方可使用。在对内墙涂料进行衡量时，需要关注的技术指标是较多的，耐洗刷性是其中的一项，其对耐污性以及耐久性等会产生直接影响。本文主要针对内墙装饰涂料展开深入分析，重点关注的是节能性、环保性，以期使得室内环境改造能够达到预期。
现场施工管理在建筑工程管理中的应用
Authors: 田 雷明
Published: September 2020

近年来，在多方面利好因素的影响下，使得我国综合国力得到了显著的提升，从而推动了我国社会经济的飞速发展，为各个领域的发展壮大带来了良好的机遇。尤其是建筑工程行业的发展十分的迅猛，这样也导致整个建筑工程行业内的竞争形势越发的严峻，建筑工程企业要想在激烈的竞争中长期处在不败的境地，那么就需要加大力度全面落实工程施工现场管理工作，不断增强自身的综合能力。现场工程管理工作其实质就是结合工程施工现场各方面实际情况，制定专门的管理方案，针对施工过程中涉及到的所有工序进行规范性的指导恶化监督，从而从根本上对施工质量和效率加以保证。就我国建筑工程行业来说，与其他发达国家相对比起步较晚，施工现场管理工作中还存在诸多的问题，对于建筑工程施工质量的提升形成了诸多的阻碍。针对上述问题我们需要综合各方面实际情况对现场工程管理工作进行完善和创新，不断提升工程现场施工管理水平，这样才能保证各项施工工作有序开展，从而促进整个建筑工程行业的稳步健康发展。
建筑工程结算审计存在的问题及应对策略
Authors: 王 文喜
Published: September 2020

近年来，在诸多利好因素的影响下，使得我国各个领域都得到了良好的发展，尤其是建筑工程行业发展十分迅猛。在整个建筑工程行业中，建筑工程造价是施工单位控制工作的侧重点，在社会经济水平快速提升的影响下，使得人们对建筑工程造价的准确性越发的重视，建筑工程造价准确性往往都与工程施工工作效率存在一定的关联，所以应当给予重点关注。因为当下我国在综合了多方面情况的基础上，针对建筑工程造价实施了切实的改革，从而使得造价计算方法从原有的定额计价方法过度成为了工程量清单计价方法，这样就对造价审计工作提出了更高的要求，并且也会对审计工作的开展形成一定的阻碍。所以，在实施工程造价审计工作的时候，要想从根本上提升审计工作的质量，最为重要的就是需要对牵涉到的所有问题进行深入的分析研究，并且对各项岗位职责进行细致的花费，这样才能为审计工作的实时给予规范性指导，推动建筑工程行业的稳步健康发展。
钢结构装配式建筑创新点探究
Authors: 刘 继宇
Published: September 2020

当前，钢结构装配式建筑蓬勃发展，与此同时，实践中也遇到许许多多的难题，这是新事物从无到有，从有到成熟过程中在所难免的。作为一名从业技术人员，从创新的角度，对钢结构装配式建筑实践中遇到的一些难题进行探究，并在最后，罗列出几个质量通病，希望相关从业人员一同研究解决，为我国的钢结构装配式建筑事业添砖加瓦，贡献力量。
高速公路粉煤灰路基填筑施工技术探讨
Authors: 朱 佳楠
Published: September 2020

在多方面利好的因素的影响下，使得我国社会经济水平得到了显著的提升，从而推动了我国城市化建设工作的全面开展，在这种形势下，人们对高速公路工程质量提出了更高的要求。粉煤灰这类施工材料通常都是被人们引用到高速公路路基结构建造之中，这主要是因为粉煤灰的存储需要占用一些土地资源，并且极易造成环境污染的问题，所以为了尽可能的降低土地资源的消耗，确保环境不会被污染，通常都会将粉煤灰运用到高速公路路基结构建造之中。
关于建筑给排水工程施工组织优化的探析
Authors: 杨 洪剑
Published: September 2020

在当前时期，国内经济呈现出较快的发展态势，大家的物质生活水平提高了很多，建筑施工的受关注程度也明显提升。从当下建筑施工的现状来看，给排水施工是较为复杂，必须要将组织优化工作予以有效落实。对施工活动进行管理时，施工组织设计是主要的途径，其也是保证施工有序展开的关键所在。当然，对施工组织设计进行优化时，除了要关注施工管理外，施工技术也是不可忽视的，将两者切实结合起来，能够保证指导作用充分发挥出来，建筑给排水工程的经济效益也可得到大幅提高。文章主要针对建筑给排水工程的施工组织优化展开深入探析。
新业务驱动下综合业务区规划和建设思考
Authors: 郭 晓明
Published: September 2020

反射裂缝是目前旧水泥混凝土路面加铺沥青层结构的一种主要病害。文章采用有限元分析法，分析了不同加铺层和薄沥青混凝土应力吸收层厚度对铺装层力学响应，研究结果表明：加铺层厚度的增加对改善加铺层内应力状态有一定的效果，但是过厚加铺结构在经济上并不合适。薄沥青混凝土应力吸收层可以很好的改善加铺层内的应力状况，合理厚度宜为2-3cm。
物联网形势下的5G通信技术应用
Authors: 高 式龙 , 徐 晓静
Published: September 2020

如今我们的社会正处于快速发展的时期，各种新兴的技术也是层出不穷，物联网这一新生事物如今也是广为人知，在很多领域都得到了应用。而物联网的发展对于通信技术也有了更高的要求，不管是通信的速度还是容量，其要求都有了很大的提升，而只有满足了这些方面的要求，物联网的作用才能够更加充分的体现出来，推动社会的发展。而5G通信技术的出现就能够解决这方面的需求问题，下面，文中就对物联网发展的现状以及未来的形势进行了分析，并在此基础上就其怎样对5G通信技术进行应用进行了深入的探讨。
环境工程中大气污染问题的分析与处理方法.
Authors: 郜 愫 , 王 嵩 , 李 远鹏 , 刘 道友 , 陶 娟
Published: September 2020

在当前时期，国内经济呈现出较快的发展趋势，但是对生态环境造成的破坏也是较为严重的，水体、土壤、大气等均受到一定程度污染。随着工业发展的速度持续加快之际，虽然对经济成长起到促进作用，然而污染问题也变得更为严重，这对经济建设、身体建设造成的影响也是非常大的。若想使得生态环境能够切实保持平衡状态，相关部门、人员必须要对大气污染有正确的认知，在此基础上寻找到行之有效的处理措施。本文主要针对大气污染的类型、污染物来源等展开深入探析，进而提出切实可行的应对之策，以期使得大气污染处理效果达到预期。
环境检测的作用与环境保护措施
Authors: 台 文 , 陶 娟 , 李 远鹏 , 王 嵩 , 刘 道友
Published: September 2020

社会的快速发展，使得民众的思想意识也发生了明显的变化，人们对环境保护工作越发的重视，从而推动了环境保护工作整体水平的显著提升，尽管如此，我国环境保护工作中还存在诸多的问题，还需要我们进一步的进行优化和完善。环境检测最为主要的作用就是针对环境污染物质进行测量和管控，从而判断出环境污染实际情况以及未来发展形势，从而为环境污染治理工作给予良好的辅助。在我国社会经济飞速发展的影响下，使得环境污染问题越发的严重，所以我们需要进一步的加强环境检测工作的研究力度，推动环境保护工作的持续稳定发展。
浅谈智能技术在电子信息工程自动化设计中的应用
Authors: 刘 大庆
Published: September 2020

文章基于对电子信息工程设计应用方面的简单了解，阐述了智能技术在电子信息工程自动化设计中应用的重要意义，针对智能技术能显著增强技术创新的能力和速度、提高上下游产业的兼容性等有效措施进行分析，使电子信息工程向现代化、自动化、智能化趋势发展。
Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture systems: energy transfers and food web organization in coastal earthen ponds
Authors: Gamito S , Quental-Ferreira H , Parejo A , Aubin J , Christensen V , Cunha ME
Published: September 2020

Three Ecopath models were built to reproduce 3 experimental treatments carried out in earthen ponds located in Olhão, southern Portugal, to understand the energy transferred and the ecosystem state in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA). These earthen ponds behave as simplified ecosystems or mesocosms, with well-defined borders, where the relationships between trophic groups can be described through ecosystem modeling. Different combinations of species were produced in these ponds, corresponding to the 3 treatments: (1) fish, oysters and macroalgae (FOM); (2) fish and oysters (FO); and (3) fish and macroalgae (FM). The managed species were meagre Argyrosomus regius, white seabream Diplodus sargus, flathead grey mullet Mugil cephalus, Japanese oyster Crassostrea gigas and sea lettuce Ulva spp. The results showed that the total amount of energy throughput was 15 to 17 times higher when compared with an equivalent naturalized system. The high biomass and low recycling indicated an immature system with low resilience and low stability that demands high rates of water renewal and aeration to maintain good water-quality levels for finfish production. The addition of oysters and macroalgae in the FOM treatment appeared to improve the water quality, since oysters controlled the excess of phytoplankton produced in the ponds by ingesting a fair amount of the phytoplankton, while the macroalgae helped in the absorption of excess nutrients and created a habitat for periphyton and associated macroinvertebrates. Some ecosystem attributes of the FOM ponds approached the values of the naturalized model, suggesting a possible path towards more sustainable aquaculture.
Natural chemical control of marine associated microbial communities by sessile Antarctic invertebrates
Authors: Angulo-Preckler C , García-Lopez E , Figuerola B , Avila C , Cid C
Published: September 2020

Organisms living in the sea are exposed to fouling by other organisms. Many benthic marine invertebrates, including sponges and bryozoans, contain natural products with antimicrobial properties, since microbes usually constitute the first stages of fouling. Extracts from 4 Antarctic sponges (Myxilla (Myxilla) mollis, Mycale tylotornota, Rossella nuda, and Anoxycalyx (Scolymastra) joubini) and 2 bryozoan species (Cornucopina pectogemma and Nematoflustra flagellata) were tested separately for antifouling properties in field experiments. The different crude extracts from these invertebrates were incorporated into a substratum gel at natural concentrations for an ecological approach. Treatments were tested by submerging plates covered by these substratum gels under water in situ during 1 lunar cycle (28 d) at Deception Island (South Shetland Islands, Antarctica). Remarkably, the butanolic extracts of M. tylotornota and C. pectogemma showed complete growth inhibition of microscopic eukaryotic organisms, one of the succession stages involved in biofouling. Our results suggest that different chemical strategies may exist to avoid fouling, although the role of chemical defenses is often species-specific. Thus, the high specificity of the microbial community attached to the coated plates seems to be modulated by the chemical cues of the crude extracts of the invertebrates tested.
Study of the Antihypoxic Activity of a New Benzimidazole Derivative with Dicarboxylic Acid under Histotoxic Hypoxia
Authors: Bolotina Yu. D. , Bolotova V. Ts.
Published: September 2020

The antihypoxic activity of a new benzimidazole derivative with dicarboxylic acid under histotoxic hypoxia was studied. It was established that the studied pharmacological agent at a dose of 25 mg/kg increases the life expectancy of animals by 2 times compared with the control group, 1.3 times compared to ethylthiobenzimidazole hydrochloride and 1.2 times compared to ethylmethylhydroxyperidine succinate.
Drug-Induced Injury of the Gastrointestinal System and Methods for Its Correction (A Review)
Authors: Klesov R. A. , Karkischenko N. N. , Stepanova O. I. , Matveyenko E. L.
Published: September 2020

Common complications of pharmacotherapy involve damage to the gastrointestinal tract, development of resistance to traditional therapy, destruction of the intramural nervous system of the intestines, changes in the opportunistic microﬂora, dysfunctions of the intestinal immune system. According to WHO experts, diseases of the digestive system are expected to become one of the leading causes of disability. This paper reviews current publications on drug-induced injuries of the gastrointestinal tract, including those induced by drugs aimed at preventing such conditions. Side effects of NSAIDs, glucocorticoids, minerals, neuroleptics, antibiotics, cytostatics, saluretics, anticoagulants, contraceptives, as well as enemas, suppositories and other drugs are described. Published review papers paid signiﬁcant attention to drug-induced injuries of the stomach; however, there is a lack of data on drug-induced lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. This paper aims to brigde this gap. New approaches to correction and organ protection are described. The epigenetic issues related to the pluripotency of stem cells are considered. In the Russian Federation, a regulatory framework was created to regulate all the fundamental processes associated with the production and use of biomedical cell products and biotechnologies.
Pharmaco-EEG as a Method for Determining the Threshold Dose of Neurotropic Substances
Authors: Yakovlev O. A. , Vakhviyaynen M. S. , Yudin M. A.
Published: September 2020

By changing the neurochemical balance of the brain, neurotropic substances affect its bioelectric activity. For each class of such substances, their unique pattern of affecting EEG can be determined by pharmaco-EEG. The moment, when speciﬁc EEG patterns appear, manifests the achievement of a threshold dose. We propose a formula for calculating the threshold dose, which relates the infusion rate of a substance and the appearance of speciﬁc EEG patterns. This approach can complement existing methods for determining the threshold dose and increase the validity of the data obtained.
Co-operative Led Micro-Disaster Management: A New Model for South Asia
Authors: Koirala Jyoti , Acharya Suman
Published: September 2020

The main purpose of this study is to come up with new concept and models for disaster management in terms of preparedness, response, and recovery through discussion and exploration. The overall aim of the study is to identify the needs and gaps of preparedness, response, and recovery of 2015 Earthquake and make recommendation for effective preparedness, response, and recovery for Nepal and South Asia. The study identifies a huge gap in preparedness, response, and recovery and highlights the need of introduction of concept of new model of cooperative disaster management at micro level for better preparedness, response, and recovery. This study also highlights that existing approach of disaster management policies cannot sustain for longer period at the community level and it is high time to come up with new models that community people will feel the impact. The models and concept been discussed in the paper.
PENERAPAN K-MEANS UNTUK MENGANALISIS PENGARUH CURAH HUJAN TERHADAP PRODUKSI LISTRIK (STUDI KASUS: PT. INDONESIA POWER)
Authors: Hanifah Alifa , Primajaya Aji , Irawan Agung Susilo Yuda
Published: September 2020

Listrik merupakan kebutuhan pokok bagi kehidupan masyarakat saat ini. Salah satu pembangkit tenaga listrik yaitu Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air (PLTA). Dalam sistemnya, PLTA memanfaatkan tenaga dari aliran/terjunan air, bendungan, atau saluran irigasi. Air merupakan energi utama dalam proses PLTA dan salah satu faktor dalam ketersediaan air adalah curah hujan. K-Means merupakan metode data clustering non-hirarki yang berusaha mempartisi data yang ada ke dalam bentuk satu atau lebih cluster. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu melakukan cluster terhadap produksi daya listrik dan curah hujan serta mengevaluasi hasil tersebut beruhubungan atau tidak. Nilai yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah nilai hasil produksi listrik (KWH) dan curah hujan (RR). Data yang digunakan sebanyak 1826 data produksi daya listrik dan data curah hujan. Pada penelitian ini ingin menganalisis pengaruh curah hujan terhadap produksi daya listrik dengan K-Means Clustering. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah akurasi terhadap clustering produksi daya listrik dengan curah hujan.
International Performance of SMEs’ International Strategic Groups
Authors: Cabral Ângelo Miguel R. , Carvalho Fernando Manuel P. O. , Ferreira José António Vasconcelos
Published: September 2020

The present research focuses on whether the different combinations of the micro, small and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs) international scale and scope affect their international performance differently. The major purpose of this research is to study the paramount relationship between the SMEs’ international strategies and international performance. With a sample composed of 307 international SMEs, our empirical analysis defines three different strategic groups regarding the scale and scope of internationalization, that is, a high, medium and low international exposure of the firms. The scope, as an important international strategic dimension, is taken from two angles, the number of countries and the number of regional blocs where the firms operate. We assessed the strategic groups’ implications on the firms’ international performance. The latter was taken as a multidimensional construct composed of the financial, strategic and overall international performance respectively. We used the hierarchical regression analysis to test our hypotheses, and major results emerged. Higher levels of commitment with the international markets lead to better financial, strategic and overall international performances. These results are of utmost importance from the theoretical point of view and for the strategic decision-making of SMEs, opening new avenues for future studies.
The Impact of Exogenous Organic Matter on Wheat Growth and Mineral Nitrogen Availability in Soil
Authors: Ukalska-Jaruga Aleksandra , Siebielec Grzegorz , Siebielec Sylwia , Pecio Monika
Published: September 2020

Application of exogenous organic matter (EOM) to soil enriches it with micro- and macro-elements necessary for the proper growth and yield of crops. One of these elements is nitrogen, which is a major nutrient affecting crop production worldwide. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess the impact of various EOM treatments (with and without mineral fertilization) on wheat yield characteristics and the dynamics of mineral nitrogen release. This study was conducted as a pot experiment using three soils characterized by different physicochemical properties, which were collected from the Polish–Czech Republic transboundary area. A spring wheat (the Tybalt cultivar) was selected as the model test plant. The EOMs tested in the experiment included three soil amendments (animal meal, industrial compost, and digestate) characterized by different potential impacts on plant growth and development. The efficiency of the selected amendments was analyzed in two doses, set at 50% and 100% mineral nitrogen ratios (equivalent to 70 and 140 kg ha−1, respectively). The content of mineral nitrogen (N-NH4+ and N-NO3−) in soils before sowing and after harvesting, and the quality and biomass of the wheat yield were determined. The application of an entire N rate in the form of EOM did not cause any decrease in the wheat yields or a clear diversification of the wheat biomass. However, the appropriate selection of rates and fertilizer combinations resulted in an increased amount of available nitrogen being introduced into the soil (a 9–31% and 17–38% increase of N-NH4+ in soils before sowing and after harvesting, respectively, and a 4–63% and 10–34% increase of N-NO3− in soils before sowing and after harvesting, respectively), which resulted in an increase in grain weight, reflecting yield and grain quality (from 2% to 12% higher grain weight compared to the control). The applied EOMs were characterized by readily transforming forms of organic nitrogen into N-NH4+ and further increasing the speed of its conversion into N-NO3−, indicating the capacity of these treatments to act as substitutes for synthetic nitrogen fertilizers.
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Quality Attributes of Fresh and Semi-Hard Goat Cheese from Low- and High-Input Farming Systems
Authors: Lopez Annalaura , Vasconi Mauro , Battini Monica , Mattiello Silvana , Moretti Vittorio Maria , Bellagamba Federica
Published: September 2020

In this study, we investigated the lipid composition of fresh and semi-hard goat cheese produced in three Italian farms as well as the welfare assessment of goats reared in these farms. The fatty acid (FA) profile of cheese samples were found to be strictly related to the livestock system. Cheese collected from farms in which goats were allowed to graze and were fed diets with a higher forage/concentrate (F/C) ratio showed a FA profile represented by higher contents of health-promoting fatty acids. In the same samples, the health lipid indices showed the most favorable values. Conversely, cheese samples collected from a conventional-lowland farm, where goats were fed with higher amounts of concentrates and lower F/C ratio, presented a lower nutritional quality, characterized by the worst results for what concerns the health lipid indices. Then, we built a multivariate model able to discriminate samples coming from farms managed by a low-input system from those coming from farm managed by a high-input system. The comparison of animal welfare measurements and fatty acids data showed that a better intrinsic quality of low-input farms did not always correspond to better extrinsic quality, suggesting that the information on the livestock system is not always enough to provide consumers with complete awareness of the total product quality.
Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Seaweed, Heat Stress and Genetic Strain on Performance, Plasma Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in Laying Hens
Authors: Borzouie Shima , M. Rathgeber Bruce , M. Stupart Cassie , MacIsaac Janice , MacLaren Leslie A.
Published: September 2020

This study was planned to investigate the effects of seaweed supplementation, genetic strain, heat stress and their interactions on laying hen performances, blood chemistry and hematology. In a short-term trial, laying hens of the two genetic lines Lohman LSL-Lite (White) and Lohman Brown-Lite (Brown) were supplemented with Chondrus crispus (CC) at 3% for 21 days, while a control group was not. In a long-term trial, the same two strains were assigned to control (0%), 3% red seaweed Chondrus crispus (CC) or 0.5% brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum (AN)-supplemented diets for 41 weeks, concluding with a four-week control or heat-stress period. The White hens displayed higher egg production and a lower feed/egg ratio. The short-term inclusion of CC significantly reduced the feed intake, weight gain and feed/egg ratio. The long-term seaweed intake affected the plasma albumin and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (p < 0.05), and there were significant strain-heat stress interactions; heat stress in the Brown birds was associated with reduced protein, globulin and glucose and increased cholesterol and GGT levels and higher heterophil-to-lymphocyte (H/L) ratios (p < 0.05) in response to heat stress (p < 0.05). In conclusion, a long-term seaweed supplementation affected the plasma protein and enzyme profiles, yet had little effect on hen leukocyte counts and the overall performance.
Guideline Adherence in Antibiotic Prescribing to Patients with Respiratory Diseases in Primary Care: Prevalence and Practice Variation
Authors: Hek Karin , van Esch Thamar E.M. , Lambooij Anke , Weesie Yvette M. , van Dijk Liset
Published: September 2020

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) account for a large part of antibiotic prescriptions in primary care. However, guidelines advise restrictive antibiotic prescribing for RTIs. Only in certain circumstances, depending on, e.g., comorbidity, are antibiotics indicated. Most studies on guideline adherence do not account for this. We aimed to assess guideline adherence for antibiotic prescribing for RTIs as well as its variation between general practices (GPs), accounting for patient characteristics. We used data from electronic health records of GPs in the Netherlands. We selected patients who consulted their GP for acute cough, rhinitis, rhinosinusitis or sore throat in 2014. For each disease episode we assessed whether, according to the GP guideline, there was an indication for antibiotics, using the patient’s sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidity and co-medication. We assessed antibiotic prescribing for episodes with no or an unsure indication according to the guidelines. We analysed 248,896 episodes. Diagnoses with high rates of antibiotic prescribing when there was no indication include acute tonsillitis (57%), strep throat (56%), acute bronchitis (51%) and acute sinusitis (48%). Prescribing rates vary greatly between diagnoses and practices. Reduction of inappropriate antibiotic prescribing remains a key target to tackle antimicrobial resistance. Insight into reasons for guideline non-adherence may guide successful implementation of the variety of interventions already available for GPs and patients.
Nephroprotective Effect of Cilastatin against Gentamicin-Induced Renal Injury In Vitro and In Vivo without Altering Its Bactericidal Efficiency
Authors: Jado Juan Carlos , Humanes Blanca , González-Nicolás María Ángeles , Camaño Sonia , Lara José Manuel , López Beatriz , Cercenado Emilia , García-Bordas Julio , Tejedor Alberto , Lázaro Alberto
Published: September 2020

Gentamicin is a used antibiotic that causes nephrotoxicity in 10–20% of treatment periods, which limits its use considerably. Our results have shown that cilastatin may be a promising therapeutic alternative in toxin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Here, we investigated its potential use as a nephroprotector against gentamicin-induced AKI in vitro and in vivo. Porcine renal cells and rats were treated with gentamicin and/or cilastatin. In vivo nephrotoxicity was analyzed by measuring biochemical markers and renal morphology. Different apoptotic, oxidative and inflammatory parameters were studied at cellular and systemic levels. Megalin, mainly responsible for the entry of gentamicin into the cells, was also analyzed. Results show that cilastatin protects cells from gentamicin-induced AKI. Cilastatin decreased creatinine, BUN, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and severe morphological changes previously increased by gentamicin in rats. The interference of cilastatin with lipid rafts cycling leads to decreased expression of megalin, and therefore gentamicin uptake and myeloid bodies, resulting in a decrease of apoptotic, oxidative and inflammatory events. Moreover, cilastatin did not prevent bacterial death by gentamicin. Cilastatin reduced gentamicin-induced AKI by preventing key steps in the amplification of the damage, which is associated to the disruption of megalin-gentamicin endocytosis. Therefore, cilastatin might represent a novel therapeutic tool in the prevention and treatment of gentamicin-induced AKI in the clinical setting.
Breast Cancer Mass Detection in DCE–MRI Using Deep-Learning Features Followed by Discrimination of Infiltrative vs. In Situ Carcinoma through a Machine-Learning Approach
Authors: Conte Luana , Tafuri Benedetta , Portaluri Maurizio , Galiano Alessandro , Maggiulli Eleonora , De Nunzio Giorgio
Published: September 2020

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide in women. This aggressive tumor can be categorized into two main groups—in situ and infiltrative, with the latter being the most common malignant lesions. The current use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was shown to provide the highest sensitivity in the detection and discrimination between benign vs. malignant lesions, when interpreted by expert radiologists. In this article, we present the prototype of a computer-aided detection/diagnosis (CAD) system that could provide valuable assistance to radiologists for discrimination between in situ and infiltrating tumors. The system consists of two main processing levels—(1) localization of possibly tumoral regions of interest (ROIs) through an iterative procedure based on intensity values (ROI Hunter), followed by a deep-feature extraction and classification method for false-positive rejection; and (2) characterization of the selected ROIs and discrimination between in situ and invasive tumor, consisting of Radiomics feature extraction and classification through a machine-learning algorithm. The CAD system was developed and evaluated using a DCE–MRI image database, containing at least one confirmed mass per image, as diagnosed by an expert radiologist. When evaluating the accuracy of the ROI Hunter procedure with respect to the radiologist-drawn boundaries, sensitivity to mass detection was found to be 75%. The AUC of the ROC curve for discrimination between in situ and infiltrative tumors was 0.70.
Implementation of Auto-Hydrolysis Process for the Recovery of Antioxidants and Cellulose from Wheat Straw
Authors: Bassani Andrea , Fiorentini Cecilia , Vadivel Vellingiri , Moncalvo Alessandro , Spigno Giorgia
Published: September 2020

Wheat straw is an easily affordable, cost-effective and natural source of antioxidants and cellulose, but its full potential is not yet utilized. In the present investigation, an auto-hydrolytic process was applied to recover both antioxidant phenolic compounds and cellulose from wheat straw. Two three-step acid/alkaline fractionation processes were applied differing for the first step: a conventional mild acid hydrolysis or an auto-hydrolysis. The liquors from the first step were analyzed for the recovery of antioxidants, while the final residues from the whole process were analyzed for cellulose yield and purity. The auto-hydrolysis process led to a higher yield in antioxidants but also in sugars (glucose and xylose) and sugar degradation products (5-HMF, 5-MF, furfural) than the acid hydrolysis process. The overall cellulose recovery (about 45% g/100 gcellulose wheat straw dm) and purity was comparable in the two processes; therefore, the auto-hydrolysis-based process could be recommended as a potentially more environmentally friendly process to recover antioxidants and cellulose from wheat straw for different applications. Finally, a first study on the optimization of hydrolysis step was provided from the point of view of improving the cellulose yield, monitoring the sugars release during both the acid hydrolysis and the auto-hydrolysis process.
Predictive Scheduling with Markov Chains and ARIMA Models
Authors: Sobaszek Łukasz , Gola Arkadiusz , Kozłowski Edward
Published: September 2020

Production scheduling is attracting considerable scientific interest. Effective scheduling of production jobs is a critical element of smooth organization of the work in an enterprise and, therefore, a key issue in production. The investigations focus on improving job scheduling effectiveness and methodology. Due to simplifying assumptions, most of the current solutions are not fit for industrial applications. Disruptions are inherent elements of the production process and yet, for reasons of simplicity, they tend to be rarely considered in the current scheduling models. This work presents the framework of a predictive job scheduling technique for application in the job-shop environment under the machine failure constraint. The prediction methods implemented in our work examine the nature of the machine failure uncertainty factor. The first section of this paper presents robust scheduling of production processes and reviews current solutions in the field of technological machine failure analysis. Next, elements of the Markov processes theory and ARIMA (auto-regressive integrated moving average) models are introduced to describe the parameters of machine failures. The effectiveness of our solutions is verified against real production data. The data derived from the strategic machine failure prediction model, employed at the preliminary stage, serve to develop the robust schedules using selected dispatching rules. The key stage of the verification process concerns the simulation testing that allows us to assess the execution of the production schedules obtained from the proposed model.
On the Statistical Characterization of Sprays
Authors: Panão Miguel O. , Moita Ana S. , Moreira António L.
Published: September 2020

The statistical characterization of sprays is an essential way of organizing data on drop size and velocity to provide reliable information on the spray dynamics. A clear presentation of data using statistical tools provides evidence of a clear research question underlying the spray characterization. In this article, a review of the best practices to build histograms is presented, as well as three relevant details on spray characterization: (i) the application of information theory to assess if we have enough information (not data); (ii) the link between mathematical probability distributions and the physical interpretation of spray data; (iii) and introducing, for the first time, the concept of drop size diversity, with the quantification of the polydispersion and heterogeneity degrees. Finally, the view presented is applied to the characterization of nanofluid sprays for thermal management.
Requirements Engineering in Software Startups: A Systematic Mapping Study
Authors: Gupta Varun , Fernandez-Crehuet Jose Maria , Hanne Thomas , Telesko Rainer
Published: September 2020

Startups have high failure rates due to their inability to attain a sufficient product/market fit, i.e., delivering a solution that best matches the user needs in the market. Requirement engineering is the activity that could help startup teams identify the value proposition that provides high value to the users and continuously innovate it. The objective of the study is to analyse the state of art of the requirement engineering research in the context of startups, as available in the literature. The analysis of the research area highlights the research trends to achieve two things i.e., (a) predict how much support the startups can get from the literature for enhancing their success rates and (b) identify the research gaps to motivate researchers to conduct future research that could be adoptable in startup contexts. Systematic mapping is conducted on studies extracted from the four bibliographic databases (IEEExplore, ACM, Springerlink and ScienceDirect) and studies extracted by using a forward snowballing approach. Individual studies are coded to yield the classification scheme. Formulated schemes and those already available in literature, were populated with information extracted from the abstracts of the studies. The research is mostly focused on generic requirement engineering and product validation activities. The research is conducted mostly as evaluations (empirical studies) with the outcome of providing theory to the research community. Major underlying motivation of the research is to attain the product/market fit. However, research studies focusing on requirement documentation, prioritization and elicitation are losing focus from 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. The literature lacks the studies that reports research solutions which are validated in laboratory settings or in real contexts, experience reports, opinion papers and philosophical papers. The positive side of the finding is that the number of requirement engineering research studies in a startup context have increased in the past five years. At this instant, unfortunately the literature has limited ability to support startups by providing solutions (for instance, research solutions, evidence to support decision makings, best practices, experiences etc.) that are adoptable in their real context. Uniform focus of the researchers across all sub-activities of requirement engineering is required with effort distributed across different research types that supports startups, not only by providing validated solutions but experience reports, opinions, new conceptual frameworks and empirical evidence that can aid their decision making.
Analysis of Crack Behaviour in Pipeline System Using FAD Diagram Based on Numerical Simulation under XFEM
Authors: Montassir S. , Yakoubi K. , Moustabchir H. , Elkhalfi A. , Rajak Dipen Kumar , Pruncu Catalin I.
Published: September 2020

For a long time, cracked structures have triggered various researchers to develop a structural integrity approach and design models to address the fracture problems. In the present study, a pipeline with an axial semi-elliptical surface defect was examined in detail. Recent works have highlighted the use of the classical finite element method (CFEM) as numerical tools to solve the fracture mechanics; however, this approach comes with a few difficulties in the modelling aspects. To overcome this issue, we proposed the use of the extended finite element method (XFEM), which was implemented in the commercial version of Abaqus software. Moreover, we have used the results based on this technique in the volumetric method to estimate the stress intensity factors (SIFs). Then, this parameter was employed to build the failure assessment diagram (FAD). The FAD curve was used in the current investigation because it is one of the conventional methods for the evaluation of flaws in steel pipes. The XFEM simulations enable us to draw an FAD curve that can be used as a practical reference for defect evaluation in pipeline systems in the industrial world.
Concept for Improved Handling Ensures Effective Contactless Plasma Treatment of Patients with kINPen® MED
Authors: Hahn Veronika , Grollmisch Daniel , Bendt Hannes , von Woedtke Thomas , Nestler Bodo , Weltmann Klaus-Dieter , Gerling Torsten
Published: September 2020

The nursing of patients with wounds is an essential part of medical healthcare. In this context, cold atmospheric-pressure plasma sources can be applied for skin decontamination and stimulation of wound healing. One of these plasma devices is the commercially available kINPen® MED (neoplas tools GmbH), a cold atmospheric-pressure plasma jet which is approved as a medical device, class-IIa. For the plasma treatment, a sterile disposable spacer is recommended to ensure a constant and effective distance between plasma and skin. The disadvantage of this spacer is its form and size which means that the effective axis/area is not visible for the attending doctor or qualified personnel and consequently it is a more or less intuitive treatment. In addition, the suggested perpendicular treatment is not applicable for the attending specialist due to lack of space or patient/wound positioning. A concept of a sensory unit was developed to measure the treatment distance and to visualize the effective treatment area for different angles. To determine the effective area for the plasma treatment, some exemplary methods were performed. Thus, the antimicrobial (Staphylococcus aureus DSM799/ATCC6538) efficacy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) distribution and (vacuum) ultraviolet ((V)UV) irradiation were determined depending on the treatment angle. Finally, a simplified first approach to visualize the effective treatment area at an optimal distance was designed and constructed to train attending specialists for optimal wound area coverage.
Performance of Full-Duplex Wireless Back-Haul Link under Rain Effects Using E-Band 73 GHz and 83 GHz in Tropical Area
Authors: Al-Saman Ahmed , Mohamed Marshed , Cheffena Michael , H. Azmi Marwan , A. Rahman Tharek
Published: September 2020

This paper presents rain attenuation effects on the performance of the full-duplex link in a tropical region based on one-year measurement data at 73.5- and 83.5-GHz E-band for distances of 1.8 km (longer links) and 300 m (shorter links). The measured rain attenuations were analyzed for four links, and the throughput degradation due to rain was investigated. The findings from this work showed that the rain attenuation for both frequencies (73.5 and 83.5 GHz) of E-band links are the same. The rain rates above 108 and 193 mm/h caused an outage for the longer and shorter links, respectively. The 73.5 and 83.5 GHz bands can support the full-duplex wireless back-haul link under rainy conditions with outage probability of 2.9×10−4 and 6×10−5 for the longer and shorter links, respectively. This work also finds that the heavy rain with rain rates above 80 mm/h for long link and 110 mm/h for short link causes about 94% and 0.90% degradation of maximum throughput. The application of these findings would help improve the architecture and service of full-duplex wireless E-band links that are established at other sites and in other tropical areas.
Wildfire Smoke Transport and Air Quality Impacts in Different Regions of China
Authors: Zhao Fengjun , Liu Yongqiang , Shu Lifu , Zhang Qi
Published: September 2020

The air quality and human health impacts of wildfires depend on fire, meteorology, and demography. These properties vary substantially from one region to another in China. This study compared smoke from more than a dozen wildfires in Northeast, North, and Southwest China to understand the regional differences in smoke transport and the air quality and human health impacts. Smoke was simulated using the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model (HYSPLIT) with fire emissions obtained from the Global Fire Emission Database (GFED). Although the simulated PM2.5 concentrations reached unhealthy or more severe levels at regional scale for some largest fires in Northeast China, smoke from only one fire was transported to densely populated areas (population density greater than 100 people/km2). In comparison, the PM2.5 concentrations reached unhealthy level in local densely populated areas for a few fires in North and Southwest China, though they were very low at regional scale. Thus, individual fires with very large sizes in Northeast China had a large amount of emissions but with a small chance to affect air quality in densely populated areas, while those in North and Southwest China had a small amount of emissions but with a certain chance to affect local densely populated areas. The results suggest that the fire and air quality management should focus on the regional air quality and human health impacts of very large fires under southward/southeastward winds toward densely populated areas in Northeast China and local air pollution near fire sites in North and Southwest China.
Quasi-Biennial Oscillation and Sudden Stratospheric Warmings during the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Fu Qiang , Wang Mingcheng , White Rachel H. , Pahlavan Hamid A. , Alexander Becky , Wallace John M.
Published: September 2020

The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) are investigated in simulations using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model version 6 (WACCM6). We find that the period of QBO, which is 27 months in the preindustrial and modern climate simulations, was 33 months in the LGM simulation using the proxy sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and 41 months using the model-based LGM SSTs. We show that the longer QBO period in the LGM is due to weaker wave forcing. The WACCM6 simulations of the LGM, preindustrial, and modern climates do not support previous modeling work that suggests that the QBO amplitude is smaller (larger) in a warmer (colder) climate. We find that SSWs in the LGM occurred later in the year, as compared to the preindustrial and modern climate, but that time of the final warming was similar. The difference in SSW frequency is inconclusive.