bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel methodology for controlled migration of antifog from thin polyolefin films
Authors: Rosen‐Kligvasser Jasmine , Suckeveriene Ran Y. , Tchoudakov Roza , Narkis Moshe
Published: October 2013

Transparent plastic films are widely used in agriculture as greenhouses covering and in the food industry as packaging films. The films are usually prepared by hydrophobic low polarity thermoplastics such as polyethylene (PE). In a greenhouse, the temperature and humidity are usually higher than the outside temperature and fog will appear on the inner surface of the PE film. Anti‐fogging (AF) additives are tensoactive materials, mainly nonionic surfactants, equalizing the PE and water surface tensions, thus creating a thin, continuous film of water rather than discrete droplets. In the present work, a new method of controlled migration of AF is described, by grafting AF molecules to the surface of submicron inorganic particles. Glycerides and fatty acids are used as AF. During the grafting reaction two fractions are formed: attached AF fraction to the inorganic particles' surface, a fraction which cannot be detached by extraction, and an unreacted, thus unattached AF fraction. Solvent extraction, FTIR and TGA measurements have confirmed the existence of the grafted AF molecules to the inorganic particle's surfaces. Aging tests, developed in the present work, have shown a significant decrease of the AF migration rate, thus confirming an extended duration of the anti‐fog's activity. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:2023–2028, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
A comparative study of radical cations of thiourea, thiosemicarbazide, and diethylthiourea in aqueous sulphuric acid media employing pulse radiolysis technique
Authors: Dey Ghasiram
Published: October 2013

The generation of radical cations of thiourea [(NH2)2C=S], thiosemicarbazide [(NH2―NH)(NH2)C=S], and diethylthiourea [(C2H5―NH)2C=S] in aqueous sulphuric acid media of low to high acid strengths utilizing the pulse radiolysis technique is reported. In this system, the decay half‐life of radical cations of thiourea and its derivatives observed were longer (ranging from 45 to 100 µs at acid strength pH/H0 = −4.1), and the formation times could be altered with the change in acid strengths. By doing so, a wide range in half‐life of radical cations of thiosemicarbazide (0.7 to 100 µs) was observed in contrast to thiourea and diethylthiourea with the variation in acid strengths (pH/H0) from 0.7 to −4.1. This perhaps helps in studying the spectral and kinetic properties of transient radical cations comfortably. The general mechanism for the formation of radical cations of the aforementioned compounds in radiolysis has been revisited in which the electron transfer reactions are active. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the use of β‐carotene as a probe for solvent polarizability
Authors: Catalán Javier
Published: October 2013

The solvatochromism of β‐carotene confirms its high sensitivity not only to the polarizability of the medium, but is also contaminated by additional solute/solvent interactions due to its dipolarity and acidity, as well as to changes in its molecular structure in some solvents. A thermochromic analysis of β‐carotene dissolved in 2‐methylbutane and 1‐chlorobutane (ClB) revealed the influence of the solvent dipolarity on its UV/Vis‐spectroscopy behavior in these solvents. Applying Abe's method to the solvent‐induced shift of the first Vis absorption band of β‐carotene in ClB revealed that the electronic excitation substantially increases its polarizability and its dipole moment. Other experimental evidence also confirms that β‐carotene is not a suitable polarizability probe of the medium. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Autosomal male determination in a spinosad‐resistant housefly strain from Denmark
Authors: Højland Dorte H , Scott Jeffrey G , Vagn Jensen Karl‐Martin , Kristensen Michael
Published: October 2013

BACKGROUND

The housefly, Musca domestica L., is a global pest and has developed resistance to most insecticides applied for its control. The insecticide spinosad plays an important role in housefly control. Females of the Danish housefly strain 791spin are threefold more resistant to spinosad than males in this strain. The factor responsible for spinosad resistance in the strain is unknown, but previous studies suggest a role of cytochrome P450s for detoxification of spinosad. Sex determination in the housefly is controlled by a male‐determining factor (M), either located on the Y chromosome or on one of the five autosomes (I to V).

RESULTS

The authors performed a series of crosses and backcrosses, starting with cross of 791spin and the susceptible reference strain aabys (bearing morphological mutations on each autosome). These flies were evaluated for gender and bioassayed to determine levels of resistance to spinosad. Sex determination in 791spin is due to a male factor on autosome 3.

CONCLUSIONS

The most likely explanation for the differentiation of spinosad resistance between males and females is a recessive spinosad resistance factor on autosome III. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and characterization of core–shell ZnO/ZnSe nanowires grown by MOCVD
Authors: Amiri Gaëlle , Souissi Ahmed , Hanèche Nadia , Vilar Christèle , Lusson Alain , Sallet Vincent , Galtier Pierre
Published: October 2013

ZnO/ZnSe core/shell nanowire arrays have been grown by metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition on c‐plane sapphire. The morphology and the structure of the nanostructures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. They exhibit well‐aligned core/shell ZnO/ZnSe nanowires with a good crystalline quality although some surface roughness is associated to the deposition of ZnSe on the lateral ZnO facets. X‐ray diffraction combined with Raman spectroscopy and electron diffraction demonstrate that ZnO grows along the c‐axis with the wurtzite (W) structure, but ZnSe can be deposited epitaxially in the zinc‐blende (ZB) structure on the M‐facet of the wires. Optical transmission measurements reveal an additional contribution at about 2.15 eV attributed to the type‐II interfacial transition between the valence band of ZB‐ZnSe and the conduction band of W‐ZnO. These observations confirm the potential interest of ZnO/ZnSe core/shell nanostructures for photovoltaic applications.
Deposition of AgGaTe2 on sapphire substrates by closed space sublimation
Authors: Uruno Aya , Usui Ayaka , Kobayashi Masakazu
Published: October 2013

AgGaTe2 layers were grown on a‐plane sapphire substrates by a closed space sublimation method. Various samples were prepared with varied source temperature, holding time and temperature differential. The variation of source temperature was used primarily to improve the stoichiometry of the film. Grown films were evaluated by XRD measurements. AgGaTe2 layers were grown only at low source temperature (about 780 °C), and to have strong preference for the (103) orientation. By using the pole figure, it is possible to study the orientation of the film, and the substrate surface arrangement has resulted in this unique relationship. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth of GaAs nanowires on Si substrate by molecular beam epitaxy under alternating supply
Authors: Kizu R. , Yamaguchi M. , Amano H.
Published: October 2013

Self‐catalyzed GaAs nanowires (NWs) were grown on a Si(111) substrate via molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) using a vapor‐liquid‐solid mechanism under an alternating supply of Ga and As. Compared to GaAs NWs grown using the conventional MBE method, the length and diameter of the GaAs NWs grown with an alternating supply of Ga and As were longer and narrower. In addition, the formation of polycrystals on the substrate was decreased, and it was possible to grow the GaAs NWs at a lower temperature using the alternating method. Furthermore, an increase in the formation of twin boundaries (TBs) in the GaAs NWs was observed. The effect of using an alternating supply of Ga and As on the shape and formation of TBs is also discussed. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stacked structure of self‐organized cubic InN nano‐dots grown by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Yagi Shuhei , Suzuki Junichiro , Orihara Misao , Hijikata Yasuto , Yaguchi Hiroyuki
Published: October 2013

A two‐stacked cubic (c‐) InN/c‐GaN nano‐scale dot structure is fabricated on a MgO(001) substrate by RF‐N2 molecular beam epitaxy and its microstructures are investigated by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The cubic lattice structure of InN dots is verified by STEM observations. It is implied that c‐InN dots formed on a smooth c‐GaN surface have the {111} facets. The c‐GaN cap layer has an uneven surface, which reflects the shape of the c‐InN dots embedded beneath the cap layer. InN selectively deposits in concave regions on the c‐GaN cap layer, which appear above in‐between positions of embedded dots. Thus, stacked c‐InN/c‐GaN dots do not tend to align vertically. These results open the possibility for multi‐stacking structures of c‐InN dots and their application to high‐performance optoelectronic devices based on the nitride semiconductors. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
SPATIAL VARIABILITY IN SPAWNING HABITAT SELECTION BY CHINOOK SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS TSHAWYTSCHA) IN A WILDERNESS RIVER
Authors: Hamann E. J. , Kennedy B. P. , Whited D. C. , Stanford J. A.
Published: October 2013

Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) survival during early life stages depends largely on spawning habitat selection by adults, which has been linked to biophysical stream variables (e.g. stream flow, velocity and substrate composition) as well as hyporheic exchange associated with riffle/pool and run/pool transitions. To examine how physical habitat variables influenced spawning habitat choice in one central Idaho (USA) wilderness stream, we used remote sensing techniques to classify and quantify the total amount of each aquatic habitat type present to assess how habitat quantity changed as stream order increased. Additionally, we measured physical habitat variables at each redd throughout the entire stream length for one spawning season to assess whether Chinook salmon selected for the same habitat parameters at varying spatial scales. Run, riffle and pool habitat types contributed similar proportions to the total area in both the upper and lower basins. However, ‘transitional zones’ (i.e. pool‐riffle and pool‐run transitions) accounted for 16% of the total area in the upper basin and only 4% in the lower. Redds were built in multiple habitat types in each of the three primary spawning locations, but transitional zones were chosen most frequently only in the upper basin. Significant differences in habitat variables were seen between spawning groups, with stream wetted width and velocity accounting for the majority of the variation. The techniques described here could be used to locate features that serve as indicators of potential spawning habitat, although caution should be exercised when extrapolating spawning habitat needs over large spatial extents. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of statistics in association tests of genetic markers for survival outcomes
Authors: Mendolia Franco , Klein John P. , Petersdorf Effie W. , Malkki Mari , Wang Tao
Published: October 2013

Computationally efficient statistical tests are needed in association testing of large scale genetic markers for survival outcomes. In this study, we explore several test statistics based on the Cox proportional hazards model for survival data. First, we consider the classical partial likelihood‐based Wald and score tests. A revised way to compute the score statistics is explored to improve the computational efficiency. Next, we propose a Cox–Snell residual‐based score test, which allows us to handle the controlling variables more conveniently. We also illustrated the incorporation of these three tests into a permutation procedure to adjust for the multiple testing. In addition, we examine a simulation‐based approach proposed by Lin (2005) to adjust for multiple testing. We presented the comparison of these four statistics in terms of type I error, power, family‐wise error rate, and computational efficiency under various scenarios via extensive simulation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laser Heating Tunability by Off‐Resonant Irradiation of Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Hormeño Silvia , Gregorio‐Godoy Paula , Pérez‐Juste Jorge , Liz‐Marzán Luis M. , Juárez Beatriz H. , Arias‐Gonzalez J. Ricardo
Published: October 2013

Temperature changes in the vicinity of a single absorptive nanostructure caused by local heating have strong implications in technologies such as integrated electronics or biomedicine. Herein, the temperature changes in the vicinity of a single optically trapped spherical Au nanoparticle encapsulated in a thermo‐responsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) shell (Au@pNIPAM) are studied in detail. Individual beads are trapped in a counter‐propagating optical tweezers setup at various laser powers, which allows the overall particle size to be tuned through the phase transition of the thermo‐responsive shell. The experimentally obtained sizes measured at different irradiation powers are compared with average size values obtained by dynamic light scattering (DLS) from an ensemble of beads at different temperatures. The size range and the tendency to shrink upon increasing the laser power in the optical trap or by increasing the temperature for DLS agree with reasonable accuracy for both approaches. Discrepancies are evaluated by means of simple models accounting for variations in the thermal conductivity of the polymer, the viscosity of the aqueous solution and the absorption cross section of the coated Au nanoparticle. These results show that these parameters must be taken into account when considering local laser heating experiments in aqueous solution at the nanoscale. Analysis of the stability of the Au@pNIPAM particles in the trap is also theoretically carried out for different particle sizes.
A generic decentralized trust management framework
Authors: Friedman Roy , Portnoy Amit
Published: October 2013

This paper describes TRUSTPACK, a decentralized trust management framework that provides trust management as a generic service. TRUSTPACK is unique in that it does not provide a central service. Instead, it is run by many autonomous services. This design enables TRUSTPACK to alleviate privacy concerns, as well as potentially provide better personalization and scalability when compared with current centralized solutions. A major component of TRUSTPACK is a generic decentralized graph query processing framework called GRAPHPACK, which was also developed as part of this work. GRAPHPACK consists of a decentralized graph processing language as well as an execution engine, as elaborated in this paper. The paper also presents several examples and a case study showing how TRUSTPACK can be used to handle various trust management scenarios, as well as its incorporation in an existing third party P2P file sharing application. Prototypes of TRUSTPACK and GRAPHPACK are available as open source projects at http://code.google.com/p/trustpack/ and http://code.google.com/p/graphpack/, respectively. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Richtlinie “Integrale Bauwerke“ – Sachstandsbericht
Authors: Glitsch Winfried
Published: October 2013

Jede Fuge, insbesondere jede Dilatationsfuge, ist eine Schwachstelle und erfordert einen erhöhten Unterhaltungsaufwand. Diese Erkenntnis hat in den letzten Jahren im In‐ und Ausland zu einer Rückbesinnung auf die lager‐ und fugenlose Bauweise geführt. In den vergangenen Jahren wurden in Deutschland zahlreiche integrale Brücken, meist als einfeldrige Rahmenbrücken mit Stützweiten bis ca. 50 m, erfolgreich ausgeführt. Auch die Zahl der semi‐integralen (halbintegralen) Bauwerke mit Lagern und Dilatationsfugen an den Widerlagern mit größeren Bauwerkslängen hat deutlich zugenommen. Um in Deutschland für Straßenbrücken bundeseinheitliche Entwurfsregeln einzuführen, wurde im Jahr 2008 vom Referat StB 17 Brücken‐, Tunnel und sonstige Ingenieurbauwerke der Abteilung Straßenbau des Bundesministeriums für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung (BMVBS) eine Arbeitsgruppe (adhoc‐AG) mit der Aufgabe betraut, eine Richtlinie für integrale Bauwerke zu erarbeiten, die als Hilfestellung beim Entwurf integraler und semi‐integraler Bauwerke dient. Der erste Entwurf der Richtlinie “Integrale Bauwerke” liegt vor.

Directive “Integrale Bauwerke” – State of the art. Each joint, especially each dilatation joint, is a weak point and requires an increased effort of maintenance. This experience has led to a return to a bearing‐ and jointless construction method in Germany and abroad in recent years. Since then numerous integral bridges, mainly single span frame bridges with effective spans of up to about 50m, have been completed successfully in Germany. Also the amount of semi‐integral bridges containing bearings and dilatation joints at the abutment walls of bridges with greater length has increased considerably. To establish standard design rules for such road bridges, a task force was set up in Germany by the ministry in charge (Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung) in 2008 to develop a directive for integral structures (integrale Bauwerke) that supports the conceptional design of integral and semi‐integral bridges. The first outline of this directive “Integrale Bauwerke” is accomplished.
Talbrücke Ganslandsiepen – Fertigung und Montage einer semi‐integralen Talbrücke
Authors: Langer Stephan
Published: October 2013

Durch den Neubau der A44 zwischen dem Autobahnkreuz Ratingen‐Ost und dem vorhandenen Ausbauende der A44 in Velbert wird eine durchgängige Ost‐West‐Verbindung zwischen der Rheinschiene und dem mittleren Ruhrgebiet geschaffen. Zur Überführung mehrerer Wirtschaftswege und des Gansbaches wird bei Heiligenhaus ein dreifeldriges Brückenbauwerk mit Einzelstützweiten von 64 m – 80 m – 64 m und einer Gesamtstützweite von 208 m als Talbrücke Ganslandsiepen errichtet. Das Tal wird dabei in einer Höhe von bis zu 35 m überquert.

Viaduct Ganslandsiepen, Germany – Manufacture and rigging of a semi‐integrale viaduct. By the construction of the A44 between the junction Ratingen‐East and the expansion of existing end of the A44 in Velbert is a continuous east west link between the Rhine and the Ruhr area created. To convert several rural roads and the Gansbach a 3‐span bridge structure with individual spans of 64 m – 80 m – 64 m and a total span of 208 m is necessary. The valley is crossed at a height of up to 35 m.
Development of communication support system using lip reading
Authors: Saitoh Takeshi
Published: October 2013

This paper develops a complete communication support system for speech and hearing disorders using lip reading. The proposed system is a high‐level system and consists of a face detector using the Viola–Jones method, lip extraction based on the active appearance model, dynamic programming matching, automatic utterance section extraction, camera control, and message output. We implemented the system in a commercial laptop, and carried out the recognition experiments on 50 Japanese phrases with four subjects for more than 1 month and obtained high recognition accuracy. Furthermore, we demonstrated it in various situations such as the sitting position, supine position, and holding position. We confirmed that our system can be used in various situations. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Code design and performance analysis in TCCPM system based on super trellis
Authors: Xian Liu , Aijun Liu , Bangning Zhang , Daoxing Guo
Published: October 2013

This paper describes a technique related to the design of a trellis encoder, combined with the continuous phase modulation (CPM). Based on the idea of decomposing CPM into continuous phase encoder (CPE) and memoryless modulator (MM), superior trellis encoders are designed following Ungerboeck's set partitioning rules. Combinations are optimized with the squared minimum Euclidean distance based on the super trellis structure constructed by the trellis structure of trellis coded modulation (TCM) and CPE. Simulation results show that this new coding scheme consistently obtains better performance than previous schemes. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Identifying the distribution difference between two populations of fuzzy data based on a nonparametric statistical method
Authors: Lin Pei‐Chun , Watada Junzo , Wu Berlin
Published: October 2013

Nonparametric statistical tests are a distribution‐free method without any assumption that data are drawn from a particular probability distribution. In this paper, to identify the distribution difference between two populations of fuzzy data, we derive a function that can describe continuous fuzzy data. In particular, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov two‐sample test is used for distinguishing two populations of fuzzy data. Empirical studies illustrate that the Kolmogorov–Smirnov two‐sample test enables us to judge whether two independent samples of continuous fuzzy data are derived from the same population. The results show that the proposed function is successful in distinguishing two populations of continuous fuzzy data and useful in various applications. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
4‐kV 100‐Mbps monolithic isolator on SOI with trench isolation for wideband networks
Authors: Hashimoto Takayuki , Yukutake Seigo , Kanekawa Nobuyasu , Takeuchi Yusuke , Watanabe Atsuo , Akiyama Noboru
Published: October 2013

Two types of monolithic isolator on a silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) with trench isolation have been fabricated. One is a multitrench isolator with polysilicon resistors in which two circuit areas are isolated using thirty‐four 0.4‐µm‐wide trenches on an SOI. The inequality in the voltages applied to the trenches is reduced by using polysilicon resistors parallel to the trenches, which increases the isolation voltage from 2.6 to 4.0 kV. The other is a spiral wide‐trench isolator in which two circuit areas are isolated using two spiral 10‐µm‐wide trenches. Monocrystalline silicon is used as a resistor to reduce the inequality in the trench voltages. Signals are transmitted between the two circuit areas through two series of high‐voltage capacitors: silicon on buried oxide and a third metal are used as electrodes. A network interface large‐scale integration (LSI) with a four‐channel isolator was fabricated using multitrench isolation. It provides 4‐kV isolation and supports 100‐Mbps transmission. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A background EEG removal method combining PCA with multivariate empirical mode decomposition for event‐related potential measurements
Authors: Kawaguchi Hirokazu , Kume Takahiro , Kobayashi Tetsuo
Published: October 2013

The event‐related potential (ERP) is a neural response to an internal or external event, and can be obtained by averaging time‐locked scalp potentials. The ERP measured in a single trial often has a low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) because of the relatively large background due to the rhythmic electroencephalogram (EEG) noise. This paper proposes a novel method to enhance ERPs by combining principal component analysis (PCA) with multivariate empirical mode decomposition (M‐EMD). EMD is a data‐driven time–frequency analysis of nonlinear and nonstationary signals, and M‐EMD is its multivariate extension. In the proposed method, PCA reduces the data dimensions, while M‐EMD removes the relatively large background EEGs. The performance of the method is evaluated with simulated and measured P300 ERP components obtained from a visual oddball experiment. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can substantially reduce the background EEGs and improve the SNR of P300s. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effect of geometry parameters of saw‐tooth surface on the feeding velocity of microparts
Authors: Le Phuong Hoai , Dinh Thien Xuan , Mitani Atsushi , Hirai Shinichi
Published: October 2013

In this paper, we study experimentally the effect of the geometry parameters of a saw‐tooth surface and a micropart on the motion of the micropart. The experiments are performed for a range of the saw‐tooth pitch p, micropart length l, and exciting frequency f applied to the surface. By the use of particle tracking velocimetry method, we obtain the time‐dependent velocity and then the ensemble‐averaged velocity of the microparts. The results show that the velocity of the micropart increases up to a certain value of pf and then decreases with increasing pf. The widths of the profiles are similar for the same value of the relative scale l/p but the peaks of the profiles are slightly larger and the profiles are shifted leftward for larger pitches of the saw‐tooth surface. It implies that the motion of the micropart depends more on the characteristic surface velocity pf than on the relative scale l/p and that a larger pitch of the sawtooth creates a larger asymmetric force on the micropart. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Genotoxicity risk assessment of diversely substituted quinolines using the SOS chromotest
Authors: Díaz Duran Leidy Tatiana , Olivar Rincón Nathalia , Puerto Galvis Carlos Eduardo , Kouznetsov Vladimir V. , Fuentes Lorenzo Jorge Luis
Published: October 2013

Quinolines are aromatic nitrogen compounds with wide therapeutic potential to treat parasitic and microbial diseases. In this study, the genotoxicity of quinoline, 4‐methylquinoline, 4‐nitroquinoline‐1‐oxide (4‐NQO), and diversely functionalized quinoline derivatives and the influence of the substituents (functional groups and/or atoms) on their genotoxicity were tested using the SOS chromotest. Quinoline derivatives that induce genotoxicity by the formation of an enamine epoxide structure did not induce the SOS response in Escherichia coli PQ37 cells, with the exception of 4‐methylquinoline that was weakly genotoxic. The chemical nature of the substitution (C‐5 to C‐8: hydroxyl, nitro, methyl, isopropyl, chlorine, fluorine, and iodine atoms; C‐2: phenyl and 3,4‐methylenedioxyphenyl rings) of quinoline skeleton did not significantly modify compound genotoxicities; however, C‐2 substitution with α‐, β‐, or γ‐pyridinyl groups removed 4‐methylquinoline genotoxicity. On the other hand, 4‐NQO derivatives whose genotoxic mechanism involves reduction of the C‐4 nitro group were strong inducers of the SOS response. Methyl and nitrophenyl substituents at C‐2 of 4‐NQO core affected the genotoxic potency of this molecule. The relevance of these results is discussed in relation to the potential use of the substituted quinolines. The work showed the sensitivity of SOS chromotest for studying structure–genotoxicity relationships and bioassay‐guided quinoline synthesis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 278–292, 2015.
Comprehensive Uranium Thiophosphate Chemistry: Framework Compounds Based on Pseudotetrahedrally Coordinated Central Metal Atoms
Authors: Neuhausen Christine , Hatscher Stephan T. , Panthöfer Martin , Urland Werner , Tremel Wolfgang
Published: October 2013

The new ternary compounds UP2S6, UP2S7, U(P2S6)2, and U3(PS4)4 were prepared from uranium metal, phosphorus pentasulfide, and sulfur at 700 °C. The crystal structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction methods. UP2S6 (I) crystallizes in the ZrP2S6 structure type [tetragonal, P42/m, a = 6.8058(7) Å, c = 9.7597(14) Å, Z = 2], which consists of central uranium(IV) atoms coordinated by P2S64– anions (staggered conformation). The anions are two‐dimensional connectors for four uranium cations arranged in one plane. The structure of UP2S7 (II) [orthorhombic, Fddd, a = 8.9966(15) Å, b = 15.2869(2) Å, c = 30.3195(5) Å, Z = 16] is closely related to the monoclinic ZrP2S7 structure type. It consists of U4+ cations linked by P2S74– ligands, the resulting 3D network contains large pores (diameter approx. 3.5 × 16.7 Å). In the previously reported compound U(P2S6)2 (III) [I41/a, a = 12.8776(9) Å, c = 9.8367(10) Å, Z = 2], the metal atoms are coordinated by four bidentate P2S62– ligands. This arrangement can be considered as a pseudotetrahedral coordination of the uranium atoms by the linear ligands. Three of the resulting diamondoid frameworks are inseparably interwoven in order to optimize space filling. U3(PS4)4 (IV) [I41/acd, a = 10.7440(9) Å, c = 19.0969(2) Å, Z = 2] crystallizes in a defect variant of the PrPS4 structure type, with 50 % of the U2 sites statistically occupied with uranium atoms. The resulting stoichiometry is U3(PS4)4 with tetravalent uranium atoms. The structure of U3(PS4)4 consists of uranium atoms connected by PS43– groups, each PS4 group linking four central uranium atoms. Vibrational spectra, which were recorded for I–III, show good agreement between the obtained results and the expected values for the anionic units, while magnetic measurements confirm the presence of tetravalent uranium.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Spectral Properties of Two Manganese(II) and Zinc(II) Complexes with 3,4‐Dimethyl‐5‐(2‐pyridyl)‐1,2,4‐triazole
Authors: Zhang Chen‐Guang , Li Yuan , Wang Zuo‐Xiang
Published: October 2013

Two complexes, cis‐[MnL2(NCS)2] (1) and cis‐[ZnL2(NCS)2] (2) with asymmetrical substituted triazole ligands [L = 3,4‐dimethyl‐5‐(2‐pyridyl)‐1,2,4‐triazole], were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, UV/Vis and FT‐IR spectroscopy as well as thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), powder XRD, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. In the complexes, each L molecule adopts a chelating bidentate mode by the nitrogen atoms of pyridyl and triazole. Both complexes have a similar distorted octahedral [MN6] core (M = Mn2+ and Zn2+) with two NCS– ions in the cis position.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Properties of the Ordered Double Perovskite Sr2CoOsO6
Authors: Kumar Paul Avijit , Reehuis Manfred , Felser Claudia , Abdala Paula M. , Jansen Martin
Published: October 2013

Sr2CoOsO6, a new osmium based ordered semiconductor double perovskite was prepared by solid state synthesis from the respective binary oxides. Room temperature PXRD analysis shows the compound to be tetragonal [I4/m; a = 5.5503(1) Å and c = 7.9320(1) Å], whereas low temperature synchrotron data refinement has revealed a second monoclinic polymorph [I2/m; a = 5.4969(2) Å, b = 5.4979(2) Å, c = 8.0090(1) Å and γ = 90.527(1)°] with a fully ordered rocksalt arrangement of cobalt and osmium atoms over the perovskite B‐sites. Heat capacity and magnetic measurements indicate that Sr2CoOsO6 shows antiferromagnetic ordering below TN = 108 K followed by a second magnetic transition at T2 = 65 K. It was shown that the change from the tetragonal to the monoclinic phase occurs at TN.
DNA molecule elastic nonlinearity: A functional helicoidal model
Authors: Tseytlin Y.M.
Published: October 2013

We constructed a functional DNA molecule model on the basis of a flexible helicoidal sensor, specifically, a pretwisted hollow nano‐strip. We study in this note the helicoidal nano‐sensor model with a pretwisted strip axial extension corresponding to the overstretching transition of DNA from dsDNA to ssDNA. Our model and the DNA molecule have similar geometrical and nonlinear mechanical features unlike models based on an elastic rod, accordion bellows, or a combination of “multiple soft and hard linear springs”, presented in some recent publications.
Scaling and hierarchies of wave motion in solids
Authors: Engelbrecht J. , Salupere A.
Published: October 2013

The concept of wave hierarchies in the Whitham's sense is generalized to hierarchies of second order wave operators. Based on Mindlin's model of microstructured solids, the scaling procedure is described and the corresponding hierarchical equation derived which includes two wave operators. It is shown that waves in the Cosserat' medium are described by a similar hierarchical equation. These results are generalized to a multiscale case (a scale within a scale) and to nonlinear media. It is shown also how to construct hierarchies for waves in elastic ferroelectrics. The results obtained by Scott for hierarchies in thermoelasticity are presented in the similar framework. Finally, the cases with first order wave operators are described.
The Independence of Spanish America
Authors: Rodríguez Jaime E.
Published: October 2013

This book provides a new interpretation of the process of Spanish American independence (1808–26); one which emphasises political processes and cultural continuities, instead of the break with Spain. It is the first book to examine the representative government and popular elections introduced by the Spanish Constitution of 1812. Rodríguez argues that independence did not constitute an anti-colonial movement, as many scholars assert, but rather formed part of the broader Spanish political revolution. In America, a struggle over who would govern accompanied this revolution. Despite significant participation by the masses, the struggle for independence resulted in the triumph of the criollos, the New World bourgeoisie. The liberal tradition of constitutional, representative government that emerged during this period, together with the achievement of nationhood, constitutes the most significant heritage of Spanish American independence.
Energy Landscapes
Authors: Wales David
Published: October 2013

The study of energy landscapes holds the key to resolving some of the most important contemporary problems in chemical physics. Many groups are now attempting to understand the properties of clusters, glasses and proteins in terms of the underlying potential energy surface. The aim of this book is to define and unify the field of energy landscapes in a reasonably self-contained exposition. This is the first book to cover this active field. The book begins with an overview of each area in an attempt to make the subject matter accessible to workers in different disciplines. The basic theoretical groundwork for describing and exploring energy landscapes is then introduced followed by applications to clusters, biomolecules and glasses in the final chapters. Beautifully illustrated in full colour throughout, this book is aimed at graduate students and workers in the field.
Ambivalent Conquests
Authors: Clendinnen Inga
Published: October 2013

This is both a specific study of conversion in a corner of the Spanish Empire, and a work with implications for the understanding of European domination and native resistance throughout the colonial world. Dr Clendinnen explores the intensifying conflict between competing and increasingly divergent Spanish visions of Yucatan and its destructive outcomes. She seeks to penetrate the ways of thinking and feeling of the Mayan Indians in a detailed reconstruction of their assessment of the intruders.
Rethinking the 1950s
Authors: Delton Jennifer A.
Published: October 2013

Historians generally portray the 1950s as a conservative era when anticommunism and the Cold War subverted domestic reform, crushed political dissent, and ended liberal dreams of social democracy. These years, historians tell us, represented a turn to the right, a negation of New Deal liberalism, an end to reform. Jennifer A. Delton argues that, far from subverting the New Deal state, anticommunism and the Cold War enabled, fulfilled, and even surpassed the New Deal's reform agenda. Anticommunism solidified liberal political power and the Cold War justified liberal goals such as jobs creation, corporate regulation, economic redevelopment, and civil rights. She shows how despite President Eisenhower's professed conservativism, he maintained the highest tax rates in US history, expanded New Deal programs, and supported major civil rights reforms.
COMETS!
Authors: Eicher David J. , Levy David H.
Published: October 2013

Join David J. Eicher in this fast-paced and entertaining journey through the history, present, and future of these important yet mysterious cosmic bodies. From ancient times, humans have been fascinated by 'broom stars' and 'blazing scimitars' lighting up the sky and moving against the fixed background of stars. The Great Comets of our time still receive in-depth attention - ISON, Hale-Bopp, Hyakutake, West, and others - while recent spacecraft encounters offer amazing insight into the earliest days of the solar system. In this guide you will discover the cutting-edge science of what comets are, how they behave, where they reside, how groups of comets are related, and much more. The author carefully explores the ideas relating comets and life on Earth - and the danger posed by impacts. He finishes with practical, how-to techniques, tips, and tricks on how to successfully observe comets and even to capture your own images of them.
Chivalry and the Ideals of Knighthood in France during the Hundred Years War
Authors: Taylor Craig
Published: October 2013

Craig Taylor's study examines the wide-ranging French debates on the martial ideals of chivalry and knighthood during the period of the Hundred Years War (1337–1453). Faced by stunning military disasters and the collapse of public order, writers and intellectuals carefully scrutinized the martial qualities expected of knights and soldiers. They questioned when knights and men-at-arms could legitimately resort to violence, the true nature of courage, the importance of mercy, and the role of books and scholarly learning in the very practical world of military men. Contributors to these discussions included some of the most famous French medieval writers, led by Jean Froissart, Geoffroi de Charny, Philippe de Mézières, Honorat Bovet, Christine de Pizan, Alain Chartier and Antoine de La Sale. This interdisciplinary study sets their discussions in context, challenging modern, romantic assumptions about chivalry and investigating the historical reality of debates about knighthood and warfare in late medieval France.
Celebrity, Performance, Reception
Authors: Worrall David
Published: October 2013

By 1800 London had as many theatre seats for sale as the city's population. This was the start of the capital's rise as a centre for performing arts. Bringing to life a period of extraordinary theatrical vitality, David Worrall re-examines the beginnings of celebrity culture amidst a monopolistic commercial theatrical marketplace. The book presents an innovative transposition of social assemblage theory into performance history. It argues that the cultural meaning of drama changes with every change in the performance location. This theoretical model is applied to a wide range of archival materials including censor's manuscripts, theatre ledger books, performance schedules, unfamiliar play texts and rare printed sources. By examining prompters' records, box office receipts and benefit night takings, the study questions the status of David Garrick, Sarah Siddons and Edmund Kean, and recovers the neglected actress, Elizabeth Younge, and her importance to Edmund Burke.
Verdi, Opera, Women
Authors: Rutherford Susan
Published: October 2013

Verdi's operas - composed between 1839 and 1893 - portray a striking diversity of female protagonists: warrior women and peacemakers, virgins and courtesans, princesses and slaves, witches and gypsies, mothers and daughters, erring and idealised wives, and, last of all, a feisty quartet of Tudor townswomen in Verdi's final opera, Falstaff. Yet what meanings did the impassioned crises and dilemmas of these characters hold for the nineteenth-century female spectator, especially during such a turbulent span in the history of the Italian peninsula? How was opera shaped by society - and was society similarly influenced by opera? Contextualising Verdi's female roles within aspects of women's social, cultural and political history, Susan Rutherford explores the interface between the reality of the spectators' lives and the imaginary of the fictional world before them on the operatic stage.
Emergencies and Politics
Authors: Sorell Tom
Published: October 2013

In this book Tom Sorell argues that emergencies can justify types of action that would normally be regarded as wrong. Beginning with the ethics of emergencies facing individuals, he explores the range of effective and legitimate private emergency response and its relation to public institutions, such as national governments. He develops a theory of the response of governments to public emergencies which indicates the possibility of a democratic politics that is liberal but that takes seriously threats to life and limb from public disorder, crime or terrorism. Informed by Hobbes, Schmitt and Walzer, but substantially different from them, the book widens the justification for recourse to normally forbidden measures, without resorting to illiberal politics. This book will interest students of politics, philosophy, international relations and law.
The Psychology of Contemporary Art
Authors: Minissale Gregory
Published: October 2013

While recent studies in neuroscience and psychology have shed light on our sensory and perceptual experiences of art, they have yet to explain how contemporary art downplays perceptual responses and, instead, encourages conceptual thought. The Psychology of Contemporary Art brings together the most important developments in recent scientific research on visual perception and cognition and applies the results of empirical experiments to analyses of contemporary artworks not normally addressed by psychological studies. The author explains, in simple terms, how neuroaesthetics, embodiment, metaphor, conceptual blending, situated cognition and extended mind offer fresh perspectives on specific contemporary artworks - including those of Marina Abramović, Francis Alÿs, Martin Creed, Tracey Emin, Felix Gonzales-Torres, Marcus Harvey, Mona Hatoum, Thomas Hirschorn, Gabriel Orozco, Marc Quinn and Cindy Sherman. This book will appeal to psychologists, cognitive scientists, artists and art historians, as well as those interested in a deeper understanding of contemporary art.
Clinical Information Systems in Critical Care
Authors: Morrison Cecily , Jones Matthew R. , Bracken Julie
Published: October 2013

The complex IT requirements of a critical care unit have led to the development of numerous information systems. In this concise handbook, the authors share their experience and research findings on how to unleash the power of the technology and overcome potential problems. Clinical Information Systems in Critical Care explains the key aspects of the information systems currently available, covering topics such as how to select the best system to match the requirements of a critical care unit, the issues surrounding data maintenance, patient confidentiality and the concept of the paperless patient record. It discusses both the benefits that may justify investment in the technology and hurdles that may arise, and offers advice for avoiding common problems. Clinical Information Systems in Critical Care is essential reading for all clinicians and health managers involved in developing, implementing, maintaining and using clinical information systems.
Liberalizing International Trade after Doha
Authors: Gantz David A.
Published: October 2013

After ten years the Doha Development Round is effectively dead. Although some have suggested that Doha's demise threatens the continued existence of the GATT/WTO system, even with some risks of increasing protectionism, the United States, the European Union, Japan, Brazil, China and India, among others, have too much to lose to make abandoning the WTO a rational option. There are alternatives to a comprehensive package of new or amended multilateral agreements, including existing and future 'plurilateral' trade agreements, new or revised regional trade agreements covering both goods and services, and liberalized national trade laws and regulations in the WTO member nations. This book discusses these alternatives, which although less than ideal, may provide an impetus for continuing trade liberalization both among willing members and in some instances worldwide.
Who's Bigger?
Authors: Skiena Steven S. , Ward Charles B.
Published: October 2013

Is Hitler bigger than Napoleon? Washington bigger than Lincoln? Picasso bigger than Einstein? Quantitative analysts are rapidly finding homes in social and cultural domains, from finance to politics. What about history? In this fascinating book, Steve Skiena and Charles Ward bring quantitative analysis to bear on ranking and comparing historical reputations. They evaluate each person by aggregating the traces of millions of opinions, just as Google ranks webpages. The book includes a technical discussion for readers interested in the details of the methods, but no mathematical or computational background is necessary to understand the rankings or conclusions. Along the way, the authors present the rankings of more than one thousand of history's most significant people in science, politics, entertainment, and all areas of human endeavor. Anyone interested in history or biography can see where their favorite figures place in the grand scheme of things.
Dangerous Neighbors: Volcanoes and Cities
Authors: Heiken Grant
Published: October 2013

What are the real risks posed by a volcanic eruption near a city – what is fact and what is myth? How have volcanic eruptions affected cities in the past, and how can we learn from these events? Why do communities continue to develop in such locations, despite the obvious threat? In this fascinating book, Grant Heiken explores global examples of cities at risk from volcanoes, from Italy, the US, Mexico, Ecuador, The Philippines, Japan and New Zealand, providing historical and contemporary eruption case studies to illustrate volcanic hazards, and cities' efforts to respond to them, both good and poor. He shows that truly successful volcanic hazard mitigation cannot be accomplished without collaboration between experts in geology and natural hazards, public health, medicine, city and infrastructure planning, and civil protection. This is a topical and engaging read for anyone interested in the history and future activity of these dangerous neighbors.
A macrotransport equation for the particle distribution in the flow of a concentrated, non-colloidal suspension through a circular tube
Authors: Ramachandran Arun
Published: October 2013

A two-time-scale perturbation expansion is used to derive a cross-section-averaged convection–dispersion equation for the particle distribution in the flow of a concentrated suspension of neutrally buoyant, non-colloidal particles through a straight, circular tube. Since the cross-streamline motion of particles is governed by shear-induced migration, the Taylor-dispersion coefficient ${\mathscr{D}}_{eff} $ scales as ${U}^{\prime } {R}^{3} / {a}^{2} $, ${U}^{\prime } $, $R$ and $a$ being the characteristic velocity scale, the tube radius and the particle radius, respectively. Here ${\mathscr{D}}_{eff} $ is found to decrease monotonically with an increase in the particle concentration. The linear dependence of ${\mathscr{D}}_{eff} $ on ${U}^{\prime } $ implies that changes in the cross-section averaged axial concentration profile are dependent only on the total axial strain experienced by the suspension. This stipulates that the spatial evolution of a fluctuation in the concentration of particles in the flowing suspension, or the width of the mixing zone between two regions of different concentrations in the tube will be independent of the suspension velocity in the tube. A second interesting feature in particulate dispersion is that the effective velocity of the particulate phase is concentration-dependent, which, by itself (i.e. without considering Taylor dispersion), can produce either sharpening or relaxation of concentration gradients. In particular, shocks with positive concentration gradients along the flow direction can asymptotically evolve into time-independent distributions in an appropriately chosen frame of reference, and concentration pulses relax asymmetrically. These trends are contrasted with those expected from the classical problem of Taylor dispersion of a passive tracer in the same geometry. The results in this paper are especially relevant for suspension flows through microfluidic geometries, where the induction lengths for shear-induced migration are short.