bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reginalidad y Metanarrativa: Revisitando " Queenship en la Corona de Aragón en la Baja Edad Media: estudio y propuesta terminológica"
Authors: Silleras-Fernandez Nuria
Published: October 2023

Resumen: Este artículo reflexiona sobre cómo han evolucionado los estudios de reginalidad en los últimos veinte años y como han contribuido a repensar la monarquía medieval, la política y las relaciones de poder y propone unas pautas de trabajo dentro del área de investigación. Como punto de partida se toma el artículo publicado por la autora en La corónica en 2003: " Queenship en la Corona de Aragón en la Baja Edad Media: estudio y propuesta terminológica."
The Discovery of Lexical Channels of Transmission: From Latin to Romance, with Special Consideration of Old Spanish
Authors: Malkiel Yakov
Published: October 2023

Abstract: In this brief article Yakov Malkiel considers the case of sound correspondences in Castilian words of Latin origin. He reviews how some of the earliest figures in comparative linguistics conceived of such correspondences as cultismos and points to the complexity of studying such correspondences, which can be considered as both deriving from Latin, as well as being borrowings from other languages, such as Italian.
Peter Sloterdijk, Philosopher of Germany's New Right
Authors: Salehi Kumars
Published: October 2023

abstract: Philosopher Peter Sloterdijk's popularity among the German New Right is attributable to the fact that his perspective is identifiably conservative while eschewing rote traditionalism and anti-intellectual sloganeering. Sloterdijk portrays his critics as disingenuous or hysterical, but by harnessing the trappings of counterculture to undermine the perceived hegemony of liberal values, Sloterdijk's self-identified "left-conservatism" serves as both a model for the New Right and a gateway to their ideas for a mainstream audience. This paper explores why the primary concern of Sloterdijk's critics is the disinhibiting effect of his interventions on hierarchical instincts constrained by modest progress toward egalitarianism and inclusivity.
The Dao of One: A New Investigation into the Relation Between Dao and One
Authors: Feng Cao
Published: October 2023

Abstract: Given they are the most important components of Daoist thought, it is not surprising that the relation between dao 道 and One ( yi 一) takes many forms. It is often presumed that dao is the higher-level concept and that One supplements dao . However, through studying ancient texts, such as the Huangdi sijing 黃帝四經 and the Heguanzi 鶡冠子, another form is discovered, namely that dao is the lower-level concept of One. Two schools may well have co-existed in early Daoism, one that "values the One" and one that "values the dao ." Whereas One refers to sameness or commonality, dao points to distinctness. The One can fully take the place of dao in terms of status and function, while also retaining functions that dao lacks. A fuller understanding of this complex relationship between dao and One is helpful for a more accurate grasp of early Daoism.
Han-Wei-Zi 韓韋子: Bureaucratic Administration in Han Feizi 韓非子 and Max Weber (Wei Bo 韋伯)
Authors: Chen Nalei
Published: October 2023

Abstract: In this essay, Han Feizi is compared to Max Weber. It is argued that comparing the two enables us to see a distinctive aspect of Han Feizi's political thought. In particular, it is proposed that Weber's theory of the modern state (especially bureaucratic administration) can provide us with a helpful lens for understanding the structure, inner logic, and implications of Han Feizi's account of administration. Moreover, this comparison enables us to see clearly that the Han Feizi still has contemporary relevance. First Weber's account of political order and bureaucratic administration is explained. Next, Han Feizi and Weber are compared by focusing on six characteristics of Weberian bureaucracy. Then some differences between Han Feizi and Weber are considered. Finally some philosophical implications of this comparison are outlined for contemporary political philosophers.
Diffractive order Mueller matrix ellipsometry for the design and manufacture of polarization beam splitting metasurfaces
Authors: Bjelland Victoria M. , Hale Nathan , Schwarz Niklas , Vala Daniel , Høvik Jens , Kildemo Morten
Published: October 2023

Optical metasurface technology promises an important potential for replacing bulky traditional optical components, in addition to enabling new compact and lightweight metasurface-based devices. Since even subtle imperfections in metasurface design or manufacture strongly affect their performance, there is an urgent need to develop proper and accurate protocols for their characterization, allowing for efficient control of the fabrication. We present non-destructive spectroscopic Mueller matrix ellipsometry in an uncommon off-specular configuration as a powerful tool for the characterization of orthogonal polarization beam-splitters based on a-Si:H nanopillars. Through Mueller matrix analysis, the spectroscopic polarimetric performance of the ±1 diffraction orders is experimentally demonstrated. This reveals a wavelength shift in the maximum efficiency caused by fabrication-induced conical pillars while still maintaining a polarimetric response close to ideal non-depolarizing Mueller matrices. We highlight the advantage of the spectroscopic Mueller matrix approach, which not only allows for monitoring and control of the fabrication process itself, but also verifies the initial design and produces feedback into the computational design.
Generation and free-space transmission characterization of bottle vortex beam
Authors: Yang Jiaxiong , Hu Wuli , Wang Andong , Zhu Long
Published: October 2023

Vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) with the doughnut-shaped intensity distribution can be employed in free-space optical (FSO) communication links to circumvent obstructions. However, the size of the receiver aperture is proportional to the size of obstructions, which seriously constrains the application of OAM beams in this scenario. In this paper, we propose a method to generate bottle vortex beams (BVBs) with a parabolic trajectory by manipulating the radial phase distribution of conventional OAM beams. Meanwhile, the trajectory of BVBs generated are highly compatible with the predesigned trajectory by using this method. Moreover, we evaluate the free-space transmission performance of BVBs under atmospheric turbulence and limited receiving aperture. The results show that BVBs have better OAM FSO communication link performance compared with conventional OAM beams and Bessel beams. In addition, the performance of the BVBs circumventing obstructions is further investigated. The simulation results show that when setting the atmospheric turbulence strength D/r0 = 2 and the obstruction size of 40 mm, the average received optical power of the BVBs captured by a limited receiving aperture diameter (d = 40 mm) is improved about 7 dB and 3 dB compared to conventional OAM beams and Bessel beams, respectively.
Non-orthogonal multiple access in a radio over fiber link based on optical-domain power allocation
Authors: Li Peng , Dai Zheng , Huang Long , Yao Jianping
Published: October 2023

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in a radio over fiber (RoF) link based on optical-domain power allocation is proposed and demonstrated. The NOMA is implemented at the RoF transmitter where two spectrum-overlapped microwave vector signals with an identical power level are modulated on an optical carrier to generate two orthogonally polarized optical signals. By passing the optical signals through a polarization controller (PC) and a polarizer, the power levels of the two optical signals are controlled to achieve optical power allocation (OPA). The optical signals are then transmitted over a fiber to the receiver. Since the power levels of the two microwave vector signals applied to the modulator are identical and the power allocation is implemented in the optical domain, the nonlinearity due to the higher-power input microwave vector signal is reduced, leading to an increase in the dynamic range. At the receiver, the two optical signals are detected at a photodetector (PD). To demultiplex the two microwave vector signals, a digital signal processing (DSP) algorithm is developed. The proposed approach is evaluated experimentally. The results show that the transmission performance in terms of error vector magnitude (EVM) is improved thanks to the increased dynamic range.
Innovative stacked liquid crystal panel for automotive display: driver-oriented privacy and passenger accessibility
Authors: Lee Jae-Hwan , Oh Seung-Won
Published: October 2023

We propose a switchable privacy display with liquid crystals for co-driver displays (CDDs) in vehicles. The display minimizes driver distraction while allowing the co-driver to enjoy infotainment content. By combining electrically controllable birefringence (ECB) and hybrid-aligned nematic (HAN) cells, we control the viewing angle of the display. Our device achieves an operating angle of 30°, effectively blocking the driver’s view while providing a wide viewing angle for the co-driver. It maintains excellent transmittance properties in privacy and public modes, with symmetric luminance characteristics. The versatility of the proposed display extends to various technologies like LCDs, OLEDs, and micro-LEDs. This switchable privacy display has the potential to enhance driver safety and infotainment experiences in vehicles.
Merging short and stranded long reads improves transcript assembly
Authors: Kainth Amoldeep S. , Haddad Gabriela A. , Hall Johnathon M. , Ruthenburg Alexander J.
Published: October 2023

Long-read RNA sequencing has arisen as a counterpart to short-read sequencing, with the potential to capture full-length isoforms, albeit at the cost of lower depth. Yet this potential is not fully realized due to inherent limitations of current long-read assembly methods and underdeveloped approaches to integrate short-read data. Here, we critically compare the existing methods and develop a new integrative approach to characterize a particularly challenging pool of low-abundance long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) transcripts from short- and long-read sequencing in two distinct cell lines. Our analysis reveals severe limitations in each of the sequencing platforms. For short-read assemblies, coverage declines at transcript termini resulting in ambiguous ends, and uneven low coverage results in segmentation of a single transcript into multiple transcripts. Conversely, long-read sequencing libraries lack depth and strand-of-origin information in cDNA-based methods, culminating in erroneous assembly and quantitation of transcripts. We also discover a cDNA synthesis artifact in long-read datasets that markedly impacts the identity and quantitation of assembled transcripts. Towards remediating these problems, we develop a computational pipeline to “strand” long-read cDNA libraries that rectifies inaccurate mapping and assembly of long-read transcripts. Leveraging the strengths of each platform and our computational stranding, we also present and benchmark a hybrid assembly approach that drastically increases the sensitivity and accuracy of full-length transcript assembly on the correct strand and improves detection of biological features of the transcriptome. When applied to a challenging set of under-annotated and cell-type variable lncRNA, our method resolves the segmentation problem of short-read sequencing and the depth problem of long-read sequencing, resulting in the assembly of coherent transcripts with precise 5’ and 3’ ends. Our workflow can be applied to existing datasets for superior demarcation of transcript ends and refined isoform structure, which can enable better differential gene expression analyses and molecular manipulations of transcripts.
Adaptation of the sexual and reproductive empowerment scale for adolescents and young adults in Kenya
Authors: Harrington Elizabeth K. , Congo Ouma , Kimanthi Syovata , Dollah Annabell , Onono Maricianah , Mugo Nelly , Barnabas Ruanne V. , Bukusi Elizabeth A. , Upadhyay Ushma D.
Published: October 2023

Measuring empowerment is critical to understanding the level of control adolescents and young adults (AYA) have over their sexual and reproductive health (SRH) behaviors, and could provide a key window into addressing their unique SRH needs. We adapted the Sexual and Reproductive Empowerment (SRE) scale for AYA for use in an East African context. This multi-method qualitative study sampled 15–23 year-old female adolescents and young adults in Kisumu, Kenya. We conducted in-depth interviews (n = 30) and analyzed transcripts with an inductive, constant comparison approach. Empowerment domains were integrated with Kabeer’s (1999) framework in a conceptual model, which we referenced to revise the original and develop new scale items. Items underwent expert review, and were condensed and translated through team-based consensus-building. We evaluated content validity in cognitive interviews (n = 25), during which item phrasing and word choice were revised to generate an adapted SRE scale. Participants (n = 55) had a median age of 18 (range 16–23), and 75% were under 19 years. We categorize three types of adaptations to the SRE scale: new item generation, item revision, and translation/linguistic considerations. We developed nine new items reflecting AYA’s experiences and new domains of empowerment that emerged from the data; new domains relate to self-efficacy in accessing sexual and reproductive health care, and how material needs are met. All items were revised and translated to echo concepts and language relevant to participants, navigating the multilingualism common in many African countries. Centering the voices of female Kenyan AYA, this study provides insight into measuring the latent construct of adolescent sexual and reproductive empowerment in an East African setting, and supports the adapted SRE scale’s content validity for Kenya. We detail our multi-method, theory-driven approach, contributing to limited methods guidance for measure adaptation across contexts and among diverse adolescent populations.
Problem-solving therapy for pregnant women experiencing depressive symptoms and intimate partner violence: A randomised, controlled feasibility trial in rural Ethiopia
Authors: Keynejad Roxanne C. , Bitew Tesera , Sorsdahl Katherine , Myers Bronwyn , Honikman Simone , Medhin Girmay , Deyessa Negussie , Mulushoa Adiyam , Fekadu Eshcolewyine , Howard Louise M. , Hanlon Charlotte
Published: October 2023

Evidence for the feasibility of brief psychological interventions for pregnant women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) in rural, low-income country settings is scarce. In rural Ethiopia, the prevalence of antenatal depressive symptoms and lifetime IPV are 29% and 61%, respectively. We aimed to assess the feasibility and related implementation outcomes of brief problem-solving therapy (PST) adapted for pregnant women experiencing IPV (PST-IPV) in rural Ethiopia, and of a randomised, controlled feasibility study design. We recruited 52 pregnant women experiencing depressive symptoms and past-year IPV from two antenatal care (ANC) services. Consenting women were randomised to PST-IPV (n = 25), ‘standard’ PST (not adapted for women experiencing IPV; n = 12) or enhanced usual care (information about sources of support; n = 15). Masked data collectors conducted outcome assessments nine weeks post-enrolment. Addis Ababa University (#032/19/CDT) and King’s College London (#HR-18/19-9230) approved the study. Fidelity to randomisation was impeded by strong cultural norms about what constituted IPV. However, recruitment was feasible (recruitment rate: 1.5 per day; 37% of women screened were eligible). The intervention and trial were acceptable to women (4% declined initial screening, none declined to participate, and 76% attended all four sessions of either active intervention). PST-IPV was acceptable to ANC providers: none dropped out. Sessions lasting up to a mean 52 minutes raised questions about the appropriateness of the model to this context. Competence assessments recommended supplementary communication skills training. Fidelity assessments indicated high adherence, quality, and responsiveness but assessing risks and social networks, and discussing confidentiality needed improvement. Adjustments to optimise a future, fully powered, randomised controlled trial include staggering recruitment in line with therapist availability, more training on the types of IPV and how to discuss them, automating randomisation, a supervision cascade model, and conducting post-intervention outcome assessments immediately and three months postpartum. Registration: Pan African Clinical Trials Registry #PACTR202002513482084 (13/12/2019): https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=9601.
Potential mitigating role of ivermectin on the spread of Chlamydia trachomatis by Musca sorbens
Authors: Selby Richard , Jeyam Anita , Tate Andrew , Kebede Fikreab , Downs Philip
Published: October 2023

Trachoma is the world’s most frequent cause of blindness from an infectious agent. The disease caused by infection is associated with lack of access to sanitation and low hygiene standards. Trachoma is controlled through the Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial cleanliness, and Environmental improvement (SAFE) strategy, which delivers azithromycin (AZM) mass drug administration (MDA) in endemic areas. The putative vector Musca sorbens principally reproduce in human faecal matter left in the environment due to open defecation. Ivermectin (IVM) is on the WHO’s essential medicines list and is administered as preventative chemotherapy against two neglected tropical diseases (NTDs)—onchocerciasis, as an annual or bi-annual treatment, and lymphatic filariasis, as an annual treatment in combination with albendazole. Ivermectin has a known inhibitive effect on insects that reproduce in dung. To assess if IVM could be a viable vector control tool against M. sorbens, this study evaluates existing data from trachoma, onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis mass drug administration (MDA) operations in Ethiopia. Persistent and recrudescent trachoma in evaluation units (EUs) were examined for whether AZM MDA in EUs was accompanied by IVM MDA, and whether co-administration was associated with greater likelihood of trachoma control. Results show an association suggesting that EUs that received both IVM and AZM MDA benefit from improved control of trachoma in persistent or recrudescent areas, when compared to EUs that received AZM MDA. This initial investigation supports the potential for ivermectin’s use to support SAFE. Findings warrant further work to validate ivermectin’s impact on M. sorbens reproduction through controlled lab and field-based studies.
Hydrogen sulfide donor activates AKT-eNOS signaling and promotes lymphatic vessel formation
Authors: Aithabathula Ravi Varma , Pervaiz Naveed , Kathuria Ishita , Swanson Mallory , Singh Udai P. , Kumar Santosh , Park Frank , Singla Bhupesh
Published: October 2023

The lymphatic network is pivotal for various physiological functions in the human body. Accumulated evidence supports the role of therapeutic lymphangiogenesis in the treatment of several pathologies. Endogenous gasotransmitter, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been extensively studied for its potential as a pro-angiogenic factor and vascular function modulator. However, the role of H2S in governing lymphatic vessel formation, and underlying molecular mechanisms are understudied. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of H2S donor sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS) on lymphatic vascularization and pro-angiogenic signaling pathways using both in vitro and in vivo approaches. In vitro dose-response experiments showed increased proliferation and tube formation by NaHS-treated human lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) compared with control cells. Immunoblotting performed with LEC lysates prepared after time-course NaHS treatment demonstrated increased activation of ERK1/2, AKT and eNOS after 20 min of NaHS stimulation. Further, NaHS treatment induced nitric oxide production, reduced reactive oxygen species generation, and promoted cell cycle in LECs. Additional cell cycle analysis showed that NaHS treatment abrogates oxidized LDL-induced cell cycle arrest in LECs. The results of in vivo Matrigel plug assay revealed increased lymphatic vessel density in Matrigel plugs containing NaHS compared with control plugs, however, no significant differences in angiogenesis and immune cell infiltration were observed. Collectively, these findings suggest that H2S donor NaHS promotes lymphatic vessel formation both in vitro and in vivo and may be utilized to promote reparative lymphangiogenesis to alleviate lymphatic dysfunction-related disorders.
Measuring novice-expert sense of place for a far-away place: Implications for geoscience instruction
Authors: Gold Anne U. , Geraghty Ward Emily M. , Marsh Casey L. , Moon Twila A. , Schoeneman Spruce W. , Khan Alia L. , Littrell Megan K.
Published: October 2023

Individuals usually develop a sense of place through lived experiences or travel. Here we introduce new and innovative tools to measure sense of place for remote, far-away locations, such as Greenland. We apply this methodology within place-based education to study whether we can distinguish a sense of place between those who have visited Greenland or are otherwise strongly connected to the place from those who never visited. Place-based education research indicates that an increased sense of place has a positive effect on learning outcomes. Thus, we hypothesize that vicarious experiences with a place result in a measurably stronger sense of place when compared to the sense of place of those who have not experienced the place directly. We studied two distinct groups; the first are people with a strong Greenland connection (experts, n = 93). The second are students who have never been there (novices, n = 142). Using i) emotional value attribution of words, ii) thematic analysis of phrases and iii) categorization of words, we show significant differences between novice’s and expert’s use of words and phrases to describe Greenland as a proxy of sense of place. Emotional value of words revealed statistically significant differences between experts and novices such as word power (dominance), feeling pleasantness (valence), and degree of arousal evoked by the word. While both groups have an overall positive impression of Greenland, 31% of novices express a neutral view with little to no awareness of Greenland (experts 4% neutral). We found differences between experts and novices along dimensions such as natural features; cultural attributes; people of Greenland; concerns, importance, or interest in and feeling connected to Greenland. Experts exhibit more complex place attributes, frequently using emotional words, while novices present a superficial picture of Greenland. Engaging with virtual environments may shift novice learners to a more expert-like sense of place, for a far-away places like Greenland, thus, we suggest virtual field trips can supplement geoscience teaching of concepts in far-away places like Greenland and beyond.
Evaporation of serum after long-term biobank storage: A chemical analysis of maternal serum from a large Danish pregnancy screening registry
Authors: Uldbjerg Cecilie S. , Sørensen Karina M. , Lindh Christian H. , Rantakokko Panu , Hauser Russ , Juul Anders , Andersson Anna-Maria , Bräuner Elvira V.
Published: October 2023

Background

Relying on freezer stored biospecimens is preferred in epidemiolocal studies exploring environmental pregnancy exposures and later offspring health. Storage duration may increase the pre-analytical variability, potentially adding measurement uncertainty. We investigated evaporation of maternal serum after long-term biobank storage using ions (sodium, Na+; chloride, Cl-) recognized for stability and relatively narrow normal biological reference ranges in human serum.

Methods

A chemical analysis study of 275 biobanked second trimester maternal serum from a large Danish pregnancy screening registry. Serum samples were collected between 1985–1995 and stored at -20°C. Ion concentrations were quantified with indirect potentiometry using a Roche Cobas 6000 analyzer and compared according to storage time and normal biological ranges in second trimester. Ion concentrations were also compared with normal biological variation assessed by baseline Na+ and Cl- serum concentrations from a separate cohort of 24,199 non-pregnant women measured before freezing with the same instrument.

Results

The overall mean ion concentrations in biobanked serum were 147.5 mmol/L for Na+ and 109.7 for Cl-. No marked linear storage effects were observed according to storage time. Ion concentrations were consistently high across sampling years, especially for specific sampling years, and a relatively large proportion were outside respective normal ranges in second trimester: 38.9% for Na+ and 43.6% for Cl-. Some variation in concentrations was also evident in baseline serum used as quality controls.

Conclusions

Elevated ion concentrations suggest evaporation, but independent of storage duration in the present study (27–37 years). Any evaporation may have occurred prior to freezer storage or during the first 27 years. Other pre-analytical factors such as low serum volume have likely influenced the concentrations, particularly given the high within year variability. Overall, we consider the biobanked serum samples internally comparable to enable their use in epidemiological studies.
A comparative study of randomized response techniques using separate and combined metrics of efficiency and privacy
Authors: Azeem Muhammad , Shabbir Javid , Salahuddin Najma , Hussain Sundus , Ijaz Musarrat
Published: October 2023

In social surveys, the randomized response technique can be considered a popular method for collecting reliable information on sensitive variables. Over the past few decades, it has been a common practice that survey researchers develop new randomized response techniques and show their improvement over previous models. In majority of the available research studies, the authors tend to report only those findings which are favorable to their proposed models. They often tend to hide the situations where their proposed randomized response models perform worse than the already available models. This approach results in biased comparisons between models which may influence the decision of practitioners about the choice of a randomized response technique for real-life problems. We conduct a neutral comparative study of four available quantitative randomized response techniques using separate and combined metrics of respondents’ privacy level and model’s efficiency. Our findings show that, depending on the particular situation at hand, some models may be better than the other models for a particular choice of values of parameters and constants. However, they become less efficient when a different set of parameter values are considered. The mathematical conditions for efficiency of different models have also been obtained.
Immunotherapy-induced cytotoxic T follicular helper cells reduce numbers of retrovirus-infected reservoir cells in B cell follicles
Authors: Malyshkina Anna , Bayer Wibke , Podschwadt Philip , Otto Lucas , Karakoese Zehra , Sutter Kathrin , Bruderek Kirsten , Wang Baoxiao , Lavender Kerry J. , Santiago Mario L. , Leipe Pia Madeleine , Elsner Carina , Esser Stefan , Brandau Sven , Gunzer Matthias , Dittmer Ulf
Published: October 2023

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) transformed HIV from a life-threatening disease to a chronic condition. However, eliminating the virus remains an elusive therapy goal. For several decades, Friend virus (FV) infection serves as a murine model to study retrovirus immunity. Similar to HIV, FV persists at low levels in lymph nodes B cell follicles avoiding elimination by immune cells. Such immune-privileged reservoirs exclude cytotoxic T cells from entry. However, CXCR5+T cells are permitted to traffic through germinal centers. This marker is predominantly expressed by CD4+follicular helper T cells (Tfh). Therefore, we explored immunotherapy to induce cytotoxic Tfh, which are rarely found under physiological conditions. The TNF receptor family member CD137 was first identified as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. We demonstrated that FV-infected mice treatment with αCD137 antibody resulted in an induction of the cytotoxic program in Tfh. The therapy significantly increased numbers of cytotoxic Tfh within B cell follicles and contributed to viral load reduction. Moreover, αCD137 antibody combined with ART delayed virus rebound upon treatment termination without disturbing the lymph node architecture or antibody responses. Thus, αCD137 antibody therapy might be a novel strategy to target the retroviral reservoir and an interesting approach for HIV cure research.
The intriguing phenomenon of cross-kingdom infections of plant and insect viruses to fungi: Can other animal viruses also cross-infect fungi?
Authors: Andika Ida Bagus , Cao Xinran , Kondo Hideki , Sun Liying
Published: October 2023

Fungi are highly widespread and commonly colonize multicellular organisms that live in natural environments. Notably, studies on viruses infecting plant-associated fungi have revealed the interesting phenomenon of the cross-kingdom transmission of viruses and viroids from plants to fungi. This implies that fungi, in addition to absorbing water, nutrients, and other molecules from the host, can acquire intracellular parasites that reside in the host. These findings further suggest that fungi can serve as suitable alternative hosts for certain plant viruses and viroids. Given the frequent coinfection of fungi and viruses in humans/animals, the question of whether fungi can also acquire animal viruses and serve as their hosts is very intriguing. In fact, the transmission of viruses from insects to fungi has been observed. Furthermore, the common release of animal viruses into the extracellular space (viral shedding) could potentially facilitate their acquisition by fungi. Investigations of the cross-infection of animal viruses in fungi may provide new insights into the epidemiology of viral diseases in humans and animals.
Emociones colectivas, indignación y movimientos sociales: el desahucio a raíz de la gran recesión del siglo XXI
Authors: Sotomayor Eva
Published: October 2023

Una relación causal innegable para los científicos sociales es que el incremento exponencial de desahucios durante la crisis del mercado de la vivienda española de principios de siglo estuvo indisolublemente unido a la Gran Recesión de 2008. Otra cuestión es explicar las concordancias entre esa causa estructural y otras individuales mediante los métodos de fraccionamiento analítico que nos aporta la sociología. Para ello, en este trabajo parto de la disociación del hecho social realizada ad hoc a través de la triada de niveles de análisis propuestos por Neil Smelser —macro, meso y microsociológicos—, explicando en cada uno de ellos los efectos más acuciantes del desahucio en la sociedad, la comunidad y el individuo, respectivamente. Asimismo, y en consonancia con la teoría de James Coleman, realizo una propuesta de conexión causal analítica entre los tres niveles. De esta forma, se trata de mostrar cómo los desahucios masivos ocurridos en España en los años centrales de la crisis (nivel macro) provocaron la indignación, la ira y la vergüenza de amplios sectores de sociedad española (nivel micro), así como el surgimiento de nuevos movimientos sociales (nivel meso). En los casos más extremos, ese encadenamiento de factores macro y micro (crisis-desahucio-desesperación-depresión) llevó a un incremento de suicidios. A su vez, en la otra dirección (micro-macro), las emociones sociales reactivas que dieron lugar a nuevos movimientos sociales terminaron influyendo en el sistema político español.
Espacio. Casa, calle y otro mundo: el caso de Brasil
Authors: Da Matta Roberto
Published: October 2023

Este texto es una traducción realizada en equipo por Ana Doldan, Julia Donley, Harol Gonzalez Duque, Denis Merklen y Maïwenn Raoul a partir del trabajo de Roberto DaMatta titulado “Espaço. Casa, rua e outro mundo: o caso do Brasil” y que fue publicado en el libro A casa e a rua. Espaço, cidadania, mulher e morte no Brasil por la editorial Rocco de Rio de Janeiro, en 1997. El texto propone un análisis de la sociedad brasileña a partir de tres espacios: "la casa", "la calle" y "el otro mundo". La movilización de referencias a diferentes grupos sociales y archivos sobre la sociedad brasilera del siglo XIX aborda la compleja relación de contraste y oposición entre la construcción social del espacio y el tiempo. El análisis de las diferencias y porosidades entre estos espacios no solamente implican discursos, éticas y prácticas sociales específicas, sino que también constituyen un complejo entramado de complementariedades que por medio de rituales sociales pueden constituir una nueva ética sobre la cual se podrían articular e incluir los diferentes espacios.
Cómo trabajar la identidad en los estudios de acción colectiva: una propuesta
Authors: Funes María J.
Published: October 2023

El artículo reflexiona sobre las utilidades para la investigación sociológica del concepto de identidad colectiva y de algunos desarrollos teóricos al respecto. Desde las aportaciones de Herbert Mead y Emile Durkheim, como telón de fondo, y subrayando las contribuciones de Pizzorno y Beriain, se desarrolla una propuesta de aplicación que huye de visiones estáticas y cerradas, aprovechando la ductilidad y plasticidad de los conceptos de identidad individual y de identidad colectiva, siempre desde la interacción de ambas. La propuesta se aplica a tres casos de compromiso en acciones colectivas de diferente corte, mostrando la utilidad de entender la identidad como proceso abierto y dinámico, valorando las secuencias y los espacios intermedios. En los tres el tránsito hacia una identidad colectiva explica la cooperación pública y la gestión de un conflicto personal, como dos caras de una misma moneda. Visualizar la gradación en el fenómeno de la identidad y las diversas manifestaciones de la misma significa entender que estar en el proceso de identificación puede ser tan poderoso en términos explicativos como la pertenencia a una identidad como producto cerrado.
Los sensorios del declive. Algunas notas a partir de unas pocas imágenes de los hogares raros de un París colapsado
Authors: Gatti Gabriel , Imaz Miren Elixabete
Published: October 2023

A partir de observaciones al paso y conversaciones y fotografías de calle este texto ofrece un pequeño panorama sensorial de una ciudad que se ofrece hoy tan exuberante en aparatos de cuidado y control de la miseria como obscena en el muestrario de sujetos abandonados a la intemperie. París es la ciudad que sirve de excusa para pasearse por este ejercicio de constatación impresionista de las evidencias de un derrumbe.
La autobiografía como deconstrucción: una narrativa que posibilita la alteridad
Authors: Murillo-Jutinico Cristian David
Published: October 2023

Aquí la autobiografía es el universo por medio del cual pongo en escenario mi vida como medio de catarsis propia y de diálogo con los estudiantes. Aquí trato de desplegar un relato autobiográfico, en el cual describo acontecimientos que han marcado mi vida: el nacimiento, las relaciones con los otros en el colegio, mis temores, los traumas, entre otros. Todo esto para disponerlo en una investigación autoetnográfica donde yo mismo me inscribo como sujeto de investigación. Mi alteridad expresada en narrativa lleva a los niños y niñas partícipes de la investigación, a preguntarse por el otro y sus posibilidades de ser y estar en el mundo. Por ello, la autobiografía es un puente con el cual yo, un otro lleno de posibilidades de ser y estar, recoge la alteridad de sus estudiantes para así, por medio del diálogo con ellos, deconstruir modos de pensar negativos sobre mí.
Racial Differences in Auditory Hallucination Content and Attitudes: An Advancement in Cultural Psychiatry and Clinical Application of Social Determinants of Health
Authors: Thomas-Tran Emily Phu , Thomas-Tran Jane , Tran Ivy Phu , Hu Rona J.
Published: October 2023

Background: Minimal prior literature compares the hallucinatory experiences of individuals from different racial backgrounds living within the same geographic area. Understanding differences of hallucinatory content and attitudes is essential to tailoring clinical advice for patients. We aim to investigate the differences in hallucinatory content and attitudes toward hallucinations for individuals of different races receiving care from the same academic institution. Methods: Cross-sectional study using an institutional database, randomly selected patient charts from 2008-2020. Inclusion criteria: age 10+ years, primary psychotic disorder, known race, documented auditory hallucination content. Excluded patients with hallucinations of non-psychiatric origin. Racial cohorts White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian each had n=50. Due to database limitations, Native American/Alaska Natives had n=8, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander had n=7. Hallucination content and perception of symptoms (positive or negative) compared between cohorts using chi-square test of independence and multinomial regression. Findings: Blacks had the most hallucinations of violence, including police violence, and racism. Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders were most likely to have hallucinations of nature and medical violence. Hispanics had the most religious hallucinations. Asians had more derogatory hallucinations. Whites had more hallucinations of government violence. Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders were most likely to have a positive attitude towards hallucinations (positive:negative 3:4). Whites were least likely (positive:negative 1:11). Interpretation: Patients from different racial backgrounds in one geographic area experience auditory hallucinations differently. Appreciating these differences may improve trauma-informed care and cultural humility.
Influence of the addition of WO3 on TeO2–Na2O glass systems in view of the feature of mechanical, optical, and photon attenuation
Authors: Al-Ghamdi Hanan , Yasmin Sabina , Abualsayed Mohammad Ibrahim , Kumar Ashok , Almuqrin Aljawhara H. , Mohammed Shlair Ibrahim
Published: October 2023

A study was conducted to investigate how the addition of WO3 affects the mechanical, optical, and photon attenuation properties of TeO2–Na2O glass systems. In this study, four glass systems categorized as W5, W10, W15, and W20 were studied to evaluate the impact of WO3 on TeO2–Na2O glass systems in view of the feature of mechanical, optical, and photon attenuation. The rising values of elastic moduli suggest that increasing WO3 on TeO2–Na2O glass systems makes the glassy structure more stable. Incorporating WO3 into TeO2–Na2O glass systems results in an increased energy band gap, rising from 2.83 to 2.95 eV. This phenomenon, in turn, leads to a decrease in the refractive index, dielectric constant, and optical dielectric constant values from 2.444 to 2.411, 5.975 to 5.811, and 4.975 to 4.811, respectively. While the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) of the examined glass systems (W5, W10, W15, and W20) displayed a comparable pattern, the LAC value of glass sample W20 stood out as the highest among them. However, due to the addition of WO3 on the TeO2–Na2O glass system, at a lower energy region from 0.0284 to 0.06 MeV, there was a little variation among the mass attenuation coefficients of these glass systems studied herein, but a negligible variation was found from 0.662 to 2.51 MeV. The studied glass sample W20 with the highest amount of WO3 (20 mol%) on the TeO2–Na2O glass system displayed the lowest half-value layer. However, glass samples W5, W10, and W15 exposed 1.29, 1.07, and 1.03 times higher values of mean free path than W20. In addition, the values of the half-value layer were compared with the literature data of WO3–MoO3–TeO2, BaO–Li2O–B2O3, and CaF2–BaO–P2O5 glass systems. Studied glass sample W20 showed the maximum shielding performance from energy 0.284 to 2.51 MeV.
Improved osseointegration of dental titanium implants by TiO2 nanotube arrays with self-assembled recombinant IGF-1 in type 2 diabetes mellitus rat model
Authors: Zhang Qian , Wang Jun-Jun , Xue Qian , Wang Ying-Jie , Zhang Min , Chen Yong-Jin
Published: October 2023

Improvement of poor implant osseointegration under diabetes is always a poser in clinics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) and self-assembled minTBP-1-IGF-1 on implant osseointegration in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. There were four groups, the control group, the TNTs group, the minTBP-1-IGF-1 group, and the minTBP-1-IGF-1-TNTs group. The atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM) results showed that 500 nm nanotubes were formed by anodic oxidation and minTBP-1-IGF-1 could self-assemble into almost all nanotubes. ELISA assay confirmed that more protein was adsorbed on TNTs surface. The contact angle of the minTBP-1-IGF-1-TNTs group was the lowest, confirmed that the hydrophilicity was the highest. The double fluorescence staining was used to evaluate the mineral apposition rate (MAR) at early stage and the MAR of the minTBP-1-IGF-1-TNTs group was the highest. Micro-CT images displayed that bone formed around the minTBP-1-IGF-1-TNTs implant was the most homogeneous and dense, and the quantitative analysis of these images at 12 weeks also confirmed these results. The cross-section SEM results showed that the connection between bone and minTBP-1-IGF-1-TNTs implant was the tightest. All results demonstrated that minTBP-1-IGF-1-TNTs can significantly improve low implant osseointegration under T2DM condition.
Felnőttoktatás - a Z generációs egyetemisták szemszögéből
Authors: Cserné Adermann Gizella
Published: October 2023

A felnőttképzésre való felkészítés több, a felnőttképzést valamilyen módon érintő szak képzési és kimeneti követelményeiben szerepel. Különösen fontos szerepe van a közismereti és a szakmai tanárképzésben annak, hogy a hallgatók tanítási-tanulási folyamatra való felkészültsége kiterjedjen a felnőtt korosztályra is. A munkahelyi képzésekben érintett humán szervezőknek úgyszintén szükségük van erre a tudásra. Az iskolai tanítással-tanulással kapcsolatban minden egyetemistának van tapasztalata, így kialakul bennük valamilyen elképzelés, hit, meggyőződés a pedagógus tevékenységéről. A felnőttképzéssel kapcsolatban viszont a fiatal korosztály, főleg a tanulmányaik elején járó nappali tagozatos egyetemisták ilyen tapasztalatokkal nem rendelkeznek, vagy csak kevesen vannak közöttük, akik tanulóként belekóstoltak a felnőttképzésbe. Vizsgálatunkban a metafora elemzés módszerét használtuk. A kutatásban arról kívántunk tájékozódni, hogy egy humán szervező specializációra járó, nappali tagozatos, és természetesen Z generációs csoport metaforáiban hogyan jelennek meg a különböző pedagógusok és mihez hasonlítják a felnőttoktatót, felnőttképzőt. Tanulmányunk eredményéből arra kívánjuk felhívni a figyelmet, hogy a felnőttképzéssel kapcsolatos egyetemi kurzusokban ügyeljünk az előzetes – felnőttképzésben szerzett – tapasztalatok pótlására.
A szellemi tőkepotenciál és a munkaerő felkészültsége mint telephelyi tényezők Magyarországon
Authors: Koltai Zoltán
Published: October 2023

A települések telephelyi sikerességét mára elsősorban belső adottságaik határozzák meg, a településhierarchiában elfoglalt pozíció, a közigazgatási szerepkör mellett meghatározó faktorrá gazdasági adottságaik, jövedelemszerzési lehetőségeik váltak. A kérdőíves kutatásunk által érintett, mintegy másfél évtizedet átfogó időszakban jelentősen átalakult a magyar gazdaság növekedését meghatározó térségek köre. Megerősödött a modern üzleti szolgáltatások, a földrajzi elhelyezkedés, megközelíthetőség, az infrastrukturális ellátottság, a történelmi-kulturális adottságok, a település környezetében elérhető humán erőforrás, az innovációt hordozó intézmények, a környezeti állapot és nem utolsósorban a helyi fejlesztéspolitika aktivitásának magyarázó ereje.

Tanulmányunk célja, hogy rétegzett kérdőíves megkeresések alapján (magyarországi vállalkozások régiók, vállalati méret és szektorok szerinti megoszlása) bemutassa a telephelyi tényezők magyarországi vállalati megítélését, jellemezze az értékelések időbeli változását. Kiemelt figyelmet fordítunk a szellemi tőkepotenciál és a munkaerő felkészültsége mint telephelyi tényezők értékelésére, azok megjelenésére a differenciált méretű települések vonatkozásában. Úgy véljük, kapott eredményeink érdemi hozzájárulást biztosíthatnak  egyes konkrét települések komplex térségi tényezőkínálatának megalapozásához, ami fejlesztéspolitikai aspektusból különösen sürgető feladat.
Pull-Out Tests for GFRP/BFRP/Steel Bars Used as Nailing for Coal-Bearing Soil Slopes in Humid Regions
Authors: Que Yun , Dai Yiqing , Hong Qifeng , Fang Lei , Zhang Canlin
Published: October 2023

Coal-bearing soil slopes are associated with a high risk of landslides when subjected to high soil water content. Steel bars have been used as soil nailing for slope stabilization; however, corrosion may occur in an aggressive environment. Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) and basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars have higher resistance to corrosion and could be alternatives to steel bars, but their elastic modulus and bonding strength with cement concrete are inferior to steel bars, which may result in lower reinforcement effects against landslides and hence require further investigation. In this study, the mechanical properties of different types of bars were investigated using tensile tests. The mineral composition of the soil samples was analyzed. Subsequently, pull-out tests were conducted on three types of bars (steel, GFRP, and BFRP) embedded in grouts in the soil. Up to 38 test scenarios were investigated, and the results were statistically analyzed using an analysis of variance test. The effects of several factors were studied, including the bar type, water content, soil compaction degree, and soil surcharge. The results showed that the bar type had an insignificant effect on the maximum pull-out loads, indicating the feasibility of using GFRP and BFRP bars as alternatives to steel bars for soil nailing in coal-bearing soil slopes. The reinforcement effect can be weakened by rainfall or drought events and enhanced by higher compaction energy and surcharge loads.
Content validation of an instrument for hemotherapy attention in liver transplants: promoting biomonitoring in health
Authors: Magalhães Aline Lima Pestana , Goetze Betina Savi , Knihs Neide da Silva , Mattia Daiana de , Silva Elza Lima da
Published: October 2023

Objective: to develop and validate the content of an instrument to monitor hemotherapy attention in liver transplant patients. Methods: methodological study in two stages: 1) Scoping review to identify relevant topics for the elaboration of the instrument; 2) Content validation with five specialists in two rounds, using the Delphi technique. Results: the final version of the instrument for hemotherapy care to liver transplant patients had four dimensions: Patient identification; Preoperative; Intraoperative; and Postoperative, to a total of 54 items. After the second round, all items had a content validation index of 0.8 or higher, and the instrument had a final score of 0.97. Conclusion: the instrument showed evidence of content validity, meaning it is a useful tool to monitor hemotherapy care for liver transplant patients. Contributions for the practice: the validation of this instrument will provide teams of transfusion and transplant centers with essential information to guide safe and efficient hemotherapy attention during the entirety of the liver transplant process.