bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical Constituents from Physalis Calyx seu Fructus and Their Inhibitory Effects against Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response
Authors: Hu Hui-Xin , Xu Lin-Tao , Gao Hui , Lv Hui , Huang Min , Fang Kai-Li , Wang Shu-Qi , Zhao Bao-Bing , Ren Dong-Mei , Wang Xiao-Ning , Lou Hong-Xiang , Shen Tao
Published: July 2020

Physalis Calyx seu Fructus, a traditional Chinese medicine consisting of the calyxes and fruits of Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii, has been used as therapy for inflammation-related respiratory diseases such as excessive phlegm, cough, sore throat, and pharyngitis for a long history in China. The aim of the present study was to investigate the chemical constituents of Physalis Calyx seu Fructus and identify the bioactive constituents responsible for its traditional application as therapy for inflammation-related diseases. In the present study, one new phenylpropanoid (1), two new steroids (17 and 18), together with 55 known constituents have been purified from the EtOH extract of Physalis Calyx seu Fructus. Among them, seven and twelve known constituents were isolated for the first time from Physalis Calyx seu Fructus and the genus Physalis, respectively. Fourteen constituents, including steroids [physalins (5 – 9, 12 – 14, and 15) and ergostane (21)], a sesquiterpenoid (35), alkaloids (36 and 37), and a flavonoid (44), showed inhibitory effects against oxidative stress. Ten constituents, including steroids (5, 6, 8, 13, and 15), sesquiterpenoids (34 and 35), alkaloids (37 and 41), and a flavonoid (43), were found be potential anti-inflammatory constituents of this medicinal plant. The inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory response may be related to the regulation of Nrf2 and nuclear factor-κB pathways. The ethnomedical use of Physalis Calyx seu Fructus as a treatment for respiratory diseases might be attributed to the combined inhibitory effects of steroids, alkaloids, sesquiterpenoids, and flavonoids against oxidative stress and inflammatory response.
Platelet Inhibition with Ticagrelor versus Clopidogrel in Diabetic Patients after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Chronic Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Liu Zhenyu , Tian Ran , Wang Yang , Chen Qian , Li Jingyi , Xu Lihong , Zhang Shuyang
Published: July 2020

Background Clopidogrel is currently the only P2Y12 inhibitor with class I recommendation in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic coronary syndromes (CCS). Diabetic patients have reduced therapeutic response to clopidogrel.

Purpose This study assessed the antiplatelet effect of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in diabetic patients after recent PCI for CCS.

Methods Eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive ticagrelor 90 mg twice daily or clopidogrel 75 mg once daily, in addition to aspirin 100 mg once daily for 15 days. P2Y12 reaction unit (PRU) and percent inhibition were measured by VerifyNow P2Y12 assay. High on-treatment platelet reactivity (HOPR) was defined as PRU > 208. Bleeding was assessed by the Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes criteria. Cardiac ischemic events were evaluated as adverse events.

Results The baseline characteristics of the patients (n = 39) were well balanced between the two groups. Both before and 2 to 4 hours after the final study dose on day 15, PRU was lower (41.3 ± 35.8 vs. 192.6 ± 49.5, p < 0.001; 36.6 ± 25.8 vs. 187.6 ± 70.9, p < 0.001), percent inhibition was higher (83.0% [70.5%, 96.0%] vs. 16.0% [0%, 25.0%], p < 0.001; 85.0% [76.0%, 96.5%] vs. 25.0% [0%, 39.0%], p < 0.001), and HOPR occurred less frequently (0% [0/20] vs. 26.3% [5/19], p = 0.020; 0% [0/20] vs. 31.6% [6/19], p = 0.008) in the ticagrelor group (n = 20) compared with the clopidogrel group (n = 19). No major or minor bleeding, or serious adverse events occurred in both groups.

Conclusion Ticagrelor achieved greater peak and trough platelet inhibition than did clopidogrel in diabetic patients after recent PCI for CCS, which suggests the potential use of ticagrelor in this clinical setting.
A Case of Pulmonary Artery Sling Anomaly with Tracheal Stenosis and Management of Difficult Airway
Authors: Torun Emine Gulsah , Yazici Mutlu U. , Azapagası Ebru , Örün Utku A. , Cinar Hasibe G. , Koc Murat
Published: July 2020

Pulmonary artery sling is a rare congenital vascular abnormality, where the left pulmonary artery originates from the right pulmonary artery, passes between trachea, and esophagus and reaching the left hilum. Cough, wheezing, and difficulty in feeding are three major symptoms. Untreated pulmonary sling carries high morbidity and mortality, most of which is due to the airway and other associated anomalies. Herein, we reported a 40-day-old male infant who admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit with progressive respiratory distress and diagnosed with left pulmonary sling with tracheal stenosis. We discussed the diagnosis and management of pulmonary artery sling and present the successful use of laryngeal mask in difficult airway management.
Social and Economic Challenges to Implementing the Ketogenic Diet: A Case Series
Authors: Lynch Sloan , Barry Catherine , Douglass Laurie M.
Published: July 2020

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a powerful therapeutic tool that can reduce seizure activity in patients with refractory epilepsy. However, dietary implementation can be difficult for patients and families due to the time and resource intensive nature of the diet. These challenges are particularly pronounced in economically disadvantaged or socially unstable patient populations. The first case of this series describes the successful implementation of KD in a low-income, homeless patient through the use of innovative KD recipes and access to social programs offered through Boston Medical Center. The second case illustrates the importance of consistent parental support to the success of KD and describes mechanisms used to improve familial support within a nonunified household. Collectively, these cases demonstrate ways by which health care providers can make this powerful dietary treatment accessible to low-resource patients.
Planetary health in practice: sensing air pollution and transforming urban environments
Authors: Gabrys Jennifer
Published: July 2020

Often, health is seen to be a matter of attending to individuals and their behaviour, or of studying populations in order to manage disease. However, pollution is a problem of the health of environments, as much as it is a problem of the health of bodies. To understand health and pollution, it is necessary to examine energy-intensive infrastructures and developed environments that produce air pollutants and impair ecosystems. In other words, air pollution requires approaches to health that are planetary in scope and that account for the socio-environmental processes and relations that make health possible. Planetary health is often approached as a broad analysis of earth systems. However, diverse and situated environmental practices also contribute to the formation of planetary health. This article asks how citizen-sensing practices tune into the problem of air pollution in Southeast London, and in so doing differently configure pollution and planetary health. While many sensing technologies promise to make citizens into more capable political actors through the collection of data, this research investigates how communities use sensors in distinct ways to support, activate or extend community-led projects in urban environments. Rather than citizen-sensing practices contributing to improved air quality through the abstract circulation of data, we found that environmental monitoring became enmeshed in ongoing and broader struggles to improve the health of urban environments. These practices not only challenge the official scripts of sensing devices, they also remake the usual ways of demarcating health in relation to air pollution by shifting away from individual behaviour and toward collective environmental actions. This article then asks how community proposals for urban design and action conjoin with citizen-sensing practices to generate strategies for reworking and reconstituting health toward more planetary compositions.
Fabrication of artificial iconic memory device with perovskite-metal multilayers
Authors: Mandel Savannah
Published: July 2020

60 days of stability demonstrated with a monolithic artificial iconic memory device fabricated in a low-cost fashion with perovskite-metal multilayers.
An accurate and transferable machine learning potential for carbon
Authors: Rowe Patrick , Deringer Volker L. , Gasparotto Piero , Csányi Gábor , Michaelides Angelos
Published: July 2020

We present an accurate machine learning (ML) model for atomistic simulations of carbon, constructed using the Gaussian approximation potential (GAP) methodology. The potential, named GAP-20, describes the properties of the bulk crystalline and amorphous phases, crystal surfaces, and defect structures with an accuracy approaching that of direct ab initio simulation, but at a significantly reduced cost. We combine structural databases for amorphous carbon and graphene, which we extend substantially by adding suitable configurations, for example, for defects in graphene and other nanostructures. The final potential is fitted to reference data computed using the optB88-vdW density functional theory (DFT) functional. Dispersion interactions, which are crucial to describe multilayer carbonaceous materials, are therefore implicitly included. We additionally account for long-range dispersion interactions using a semianalytical two-body term and show that an improved model can be obtained through an optimization of the many-body smooth overlap of atomic positions descriptor. We rigorously test the potential on lattice parameters, bond lengths, formation energies, and phonon dispersions of numerous carbon allotropes. We compare the formation energies of an extensive set of defect structures, surfaces, and surface reconstructions to DFT reference calculations. The present work demonstrates the ability to combine, in the same ML model, the previously attained flexibility required for amorphous carbon [V. L. Deringer and G. Csányi, Phys. Rev. B 95, 094203 (2017)] with the high numerical accuracy necessary for crystalline graphene [Rowe et al., Phys. Rev. B 97, 054303 (2018)], thereby providing an interatomic potential that will be applicable to a wide range of applications concerning diverse forms of bulk and nanostructured carbon.
Spin wave excitations in exchange biased IrMn/CoFe bilayers
Authors: Jenkins Sarah , Chantrell Roy. W. , Evans Richard F. L.
Published: July 2020

Using an atomistic spin model, we have simulated spin wave injection and propagation into antiferromagnetic IrMn from an exchange coupled CoFe layer. The spectral characteristics of the exited spin waves have a complex beating behavior arising from the non-collinear nature of the antiferromagnetic order. We find that the frequency response of the system depends strongly on the strength and frequency of oscillating field excitations. We also find that the strength of excited spin waves strongly decays away from the interfacial layer with a frequency dependent attenuation. Our findings suggest that spin waves generated by coupled ferromagnets are too weak to reverse IrMn in their entirety even with resonant excitation of a coupled ferromagnet. However, efficient spin wave injection into the antiferromagnet is possible due to the non-collinear nature of the IrMn spin ordering.
A method to improve the specific contact resistance of 4H-SiC Ohmic contact through increasing the ratio of sp2-carbon
Authors: Liu Shaoyu , Cheng Xinhong , Pan Ruiyan , Liu Xiaobo , Zheng Li , Yu Yuehui
Published: July 2020

Generally, high temperature annealing treatment (>950 °C) is required to form Ni/SiC Ohmic contact. Some research believes that the specific contact resistance could be improved by the increase in sp2-carbon at the Ni/SiC interface. In this work, a magnetron sputtering deposited carbon layer has been inserted into Ni/SiC and annealed at 850 °C to verify the effect of sp2-carbon. The results indicate that the sp2-carbon ratio increases from 31% to 66%, and the specific contact resistance improves from 2.5 × 10−4 Ω cm2 to 5.0 × 10−5 Ω cm2 with the insertion of carbon. Furthermore, the intermediate semiconductor layer (ISL) model is used to analyze the impacting mechanism of sp2-carbon on Ohmic contact.
Compositional dependence of linear and nonlinear optical response in crystalline hafnium zirconium oxide thin films
Authors: Ihlefeld Jon F. , Luk Ting S. , Smith Sean W. , Fields Shelby S. , Jaszewski Samantha T. , Hirt Daniel M. , Riffe Will T. , Bender Scott , Constantin Costel , Ayyasamy Mukil V. , Balachandran Prasanna V. , Lu Ping , David Henry M. , Davids Paul S.
Published: July 2020

Composition dependence of second harmonic generation, refractive index, extinction coefficient, and optical bandgap in 20 nm thick crystalline Hf1−xZrxO2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) thin films is reported. The refractive index exhibits a general increase with increasing ZrO2 content with all values within the range of 1.98–2.14 from 880 nm to 400 nm wavelengths. A composition dependence of the indirect optical bandgap is observed, decreasing from 5.81 eV for HfO2 to 5.17 eV for Hf0.4Zr0.6O2. The bandgap increases for compositions with x > 0.6, reaching 5.31 eV for Hf0.1Zr0.9O2. Second harmonic signals are measured for 880 nm incident light. The magnitude of the second harmonic signal scales with the magnitude of the remanant polarization in the composition series. Film compositions that display near zero remanent polarizations exhibit minimal second harmonic generation while those with maximum remanent polarization also display the largest second harmonic signal. The results are discussed in the context of ferroelectric phase assemblage in the hafnium zirconium oxide films and demonstrate a path toward a silicon-compatible integrated nonlinear optical material.
Long short-term memory embedded nudging schemes for nonlinear data assimilation of geophysical flows
Authors: Pawar Suraj , Ahmed Shady E. , San Omer , Rasheed Adil , Navon Ionel M.
Published: July 2020

Reduced rank nonlinear filters are increasingly utilized in data assimilation of geophysical flows but often require a set of ensemble forward simulations to estimate forecast covariance. On the other hand, predictor–corrector type nudging approaches are still attractive due to their simplicity of implementation when more complex methods need to be avoided. However, optimal estimate of the nudging gain matrix might be cumbersome. In this paper, we put forth a fully nonintrusive recurrent neural network approach based on a long short-term memory (LSTM) embedding architecture to estimate the nudging term, which plays a role not only to force the state trajectories to the observations but also acts as a stabilizer. Furthermore, our approach relies on the power of archival data, and the trained model can be retrained effectively due to the power of transfer learning in any neural network applications. In order to verify the feasibility of the proposed approach, we perform twin experiments using the Lorenz 96 system. Our results demonstrate that the proposed LSTM nudging approach yields more accurate estimates than both the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) when only sparse observations are available. With the availability of emerging artificial intelligence friendly and modular hardware technologies and heterogeneous computing platforms, we articulate that our simplistic nudging framework turns out to be computationally more efficient than either the EKF or EnKF approaches.
Resistive amplitude fingerprints during translocation of linear molecules through charged solid-state nanopores
Authors: Sensale Sebastian , Wang Ceming , Chang Hsueh-Chia
Published: July 2020

We report the first analytical theory on the amplitude of resistive signals during molecular translocation through charged solid-state nanopores with variable cross-sectional area and piecewise-constant surface charge densities. By providing closed-form explicit algebraic expressions for the concentration profiles inside charged nanopores, this theory allows the prediction of baseline and translocation resistive signals without the need for numerical simulation of the electrokinetic phenomena. A transversely homogenized theory and an asymptotic expansion for weakly charged pores capture DC or quasi-static rectification due to field-induced intrapore concentration polarization (as a result of pore charge inhomogeneity or a translocating molecule). This theory, validated by simulations and experiments, is then used to explain why the amplitude of a single stranded DNA molecule can be twice as high as the amplitude of its double stranded counterpart. It also suggests designs for intrapore concentration polarization and volume exclusion effects that can produce biphasic and other amplitude fingerprints for high-throughput and yet discriminating molecular identification.
A comprehensive study of charge transport in Au-contacted graphene on Ge/Si(001)
Authors: Sinterhauf Anna , Bode Simeon , Auge Manuel , Lukosius Mindaugas , Lippert Gunther , Hofsäss Hans-Christian , Wenderoth Martin
Published: July 2020

We investigate the electronic transport properties of Au-contacted graphene on Ge/Si(001). Kelvin probe force microscopy at room temperature with an additionally applied electric transport field is used to gain a comprehensive understanding of macroscopic transport measurements. In particular, we analyze the contact pads including the transition region, perform local transport measurements in pristine graphene/Germanium, and explore the role of the semiconducting Germanium substrate. We connect the results from these local scale measurements with the macroscopic performance of the device. We find that a graphene sheet on a 2 μm Ge film carries approximately 10% of the current flowing through the device. Moreover, we show that an electronic transition region forms directly adjacent to the contact pads. This transition region is characterized by a width of >100 μm and a strongly increased sheet resistance acting as the bottleneck for charge transport. Based on Rutherford backscattering of the contact pads, we suggest that the formation of this transition region is caused by diffusion.
Barkhausen pulses caused by domain merging in congruent lithium niobate
Authors: Akhmatkhanov A. R. , Kipenko I. A. , Esin A. A. , Shur V. Ya.
Published: July 2020

The analysis of the shapes of Barkhausen pulses (BPs) was used for the detailed characterization of the domain merging process in congruent lithium niobate LiNbO3 (CLN) crystals. The BPs in ferroelectrics manifest themselves as the sharp peaks in a switching current during polarization reversal by the application of a constant or slow-varying external electric field. Three mechanisms of the BPs were previously proposed: domain nucleation, interaction of the domain walls with the pinning centers, and domain merging. We have revealed the domination of the domain merging mechanism for the generation of the BPs in CLN and classified the scenarios of domain structure evolution after merging in terms of the appearance and transformation of short-lived fast and superfast domain walls. We have shown that the input of merging events reaches 80% of the whole switching process. Two revealed types of BPs corresponding to the merging events considerably differ by duration and shape, thus opening the way for solution of the inverse problem—extracting the quantitative information about the domain kinetics by the analysis of the BPs. This analysis allows extracting the velocities of the fast and superfast walls and provides the possibility to go beyond the temporal resolution of the in situ imaging system in studying the superfast domain wall motion. The proposed analysis is applicable for the faceted growth of polygonal domains in any ferroelectric. It is necessary to point out that the analysis of the BPs allowed characterizing the main part of the domain evolution process in CLN as the fast domain transformations after merging prevail during the polarization reversal.
Entry pressure correlations in capillary flow
Authors: Zhang Ziyue , Hatzikiriakos Savvas G.
Published: July 2020

The entry pressure in capillary rheometry is determined by using the Bagley correction method to accurately determine the viscosity of polymers at high shear rates. This method requires the use of at least three capillary dies having the same diameter and different lengths. In this paper, the entry pressure of over 40 sets of experimental data for different polymers is correlated as a function of wall shear stress for two different classes of polymers, namely, linear and branched. The derived correlations can directly be applied to correct the raw capillary data from a single capillary die, thus minimizing the experimental error, effort, and time.
Review of Scientific Instruments New Products
Authors: Mandelis Andreas
Published: July 2020

In order to supplement manufacturers’ information, this department will welcome the submission by our readers of brief communications reporting measurements on the physical properties of materials which supersede earlier data or suggest new research applications.
Legal argumentation in Mesopotamia since Ur III
Authors: Schumann Andrew
Published: July 2020

In this paper, I show that we can find some foundations of logic and legal argumentation in the tablets of
Mesopotamia at least since the dynasty of Ur III. In these texts, we see the oldest correct application of logical inference rules
(e.g. modus ponens). As concerns the legal argumentation established in Mesopotamia, we can reconstruct on the
basis of the tablets the following rules of dispute resolutions during trials: (1) There are two parties of disputants: (i) a
protagonist who formulates a standpoint and (ii) an antagonist who disagrees with the protagonist’s standpoint and formulates an
alternative statement. (2) There is a rational judge represented by high-ranking citizens who should follow only logical
conclusions from facts and law articles as premises.
Temperature-dependent barrier height inhomogeneities in PTB7:PC71BM-based organic solar cells
Authors: Ali Brahim Ait , Moubah Reda , Boulezhar Abdelkader , Lassri Hassan
Published: July 2020

We report on the temperature-dependent Schottky barrier in organic solar cells based on PTB7:PC71BM. The ideality factor is found to increase with temperature decreasing, which is explained by a model in which the solar cell is taken as Schottky barrier diode. Accordingly, the dark current in the device originates from the thermally emitted electrons across the Schottky barrier. The fittings obtained with the thermal emission theory are systematically studied at different temperatures. It is concluded that the blend/Ca/Al interface presents great inhomogeneity, which can be described by 2 sets of Gaussian distributions with large zero bias standard deviations. With the decrease of temperature, electrons favor going across the Schottky barrier patches with lower barrier height and as a consequence the ideally factor significantly increases at low temperature.
Recent advances, perspectives, and challenges in ferroelectric synapses*
Authors: Tian Bo-Bo , Zhong Ni , Duan Chun-Gang
Published: July 2020

The multiple ferroelectric polarization tuned by external electric field could be used to simulate the biological synaptic weight. Ferroelectric synaptic devices have two advantages compared with other reported ones: One is that the intrinsic switching of ferroelectric domains without invoking of defect migration as in resistive oxides, contributes reliable performance in these ferroelectric synapses. Another tremendous advantage is the extremely low energy consumption because the ferroelectric polarization is manipulated by electric field which eliminates the Joule heating by current as in magnetic and phase change memories. Ferroelectric synapses have potential for the construction of low-energy and effective brain-like intelligent networks. Here we summarize recent pioneering work of ferroelectric synapses involving the structure of ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs), ferroelectric diodes (FDs), and ferroelectric field effect transistors (FeFETs), respectively, and shed light on future work needed to accelerate their application for efficient neural network.
A synaptic transistor with NdNiO3*
Authors: Wang Xiang , Ge Chen , Li Ge , Guo Er-Jia , He Meng , Wang Can , Yang Guo-Zhen , Jin Kui-Juan
Published: July 2020

Recently, neuromorphic devices for artificial intelligence applications have attracted much attention. In this work, a three-terminal electrolyte-gated synaptic transistor based on NdNiO3 epitaxial films, a typical correlated electron material, is presented. The voltage-controlled metal–insulator transition was achieved by inserting and extracting H+ ions in the NdNiO3 channel through electrolyte gating. The non-volatile conductance change reached 104 under a 2 V gate voltage. By manipulating the amount of inserted protons, the three-terminal NdNiO3 artificial synapse imitated important synaptic functions, such as synaptic plasticity and spike-timing-dependent plasticity. These results show that the correlated material NdNiO3 has great potential for applications in neuromorphic devices.
Fast Data-Driven Simulation of Cherenkov Detectors Using Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Maevskiy A , Derkach D , Kazeev N , Ustyuzhanin A , Artemev M , Anderlini L
Published: July 2020

The increasing luminosities of future Large Hadron Collider runs and next generation of collider experiments will require an unprecedented amount of simulated events to be produced. Such large scale productions are extremely demanding in terms of computing resources. Thus new approaches to event generation and simulation of detector responses are needed. In LHCb, the accurate simulation of Cherenkov detectors takes a sizeable fraction of CPU time. An alternative approach is described here, when one generates high-level reconstructed observables using a generative neural network to bypass low level details. This network is trained to reproduce the particle species likelihood function values based on the track kinematic parameters and detector occupancy. The fast simulation is trained using real data samples collected by LHCb during run 2. We demonstrate that this approach provides high-fidelity results.
Assessing the temperature of plasma produced in carbon dioxide (CO2) Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) from soil sample prepared by two different methods of metal mesh and silicone grease
Authors: Sari A M , Lahna K , Idris N , Ramli M , Kurihara K , Marwan
Published: July 2020

Temperature of plasma generated by CO2 laser from soil sample prepared by the two different methods, namely metal mesh, and silicone grease methods, was examined. The plasma was produced by focusing the laser beam on the sample at 1 atmospheric pressure. The plasma characteristics namely temperature was estimated by the Boltzmann plot method. The detection was made in region of 300 nm-400 nm. In the case sample prepared using the metal mesh method, the estimated temperature was about 11605 K for the metal mesh no. 50 and 12440 K for mesh no. 40, respectively when helium was used as surrounding gas. When air was used as surrounding gas, plasma temperature was about 10315 K and 10990 K, respectively. In case the soil sample prepared by soil mixed with silicon grease (SMS) smeared on a surface of metal sub target, plasma temperature was about 8913 K and 9218 K for air and helium as a surrounding gas, respectively. It can be concluded that plasma temperature is not significantly different although the sample was prepared with different methods.
Complexity and neutron stars with crust and hyperon core
Authors: Adhitya H , Sulaksono A
Published: July 2020

Continuing the work of K. Ch. Chatzisavvas and others [1], a measure of complexity proposed by R. López-Ruiz, H.L Mancini, and X. Calbet [2] is used to study a model of neutron star (NS) with crust and hyperon core. We employed the relativistic-mean-field approximation theory to build the Lagrangian density model of the neutron star’s core and from it, obtained the equation of state (EoS), ∈(ρ). This ∈(ρ) was then put into the complexity equation and the complexity-values were obtained using numerical methods. Plotted against the corresponding mass values, the results show that neutron star’s complexity-mass curves behave very similarly to an isolated-system phase complexity diagram, which was not apparent in the previous work by Chatzisavvas et al.. The reason for this is that the crust EoS put an upper limit to the complexity value and it follows that the crust itself is an ordered system of low complexity. We also show that NS have the properties of a perfect crystal although they are modeled as liquid.
Effect size test of 7e learning cycle model: conceptual understanding and science process skills on senior high school students
Authors: Komikesari H , Anggraini W , Asiah N , Dewi P S , Diani R , Yulianto M N
Published: July 2020

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the 7E Learning Cycle Model of conceptual understanding and science process skills students. The research method used a quasi-experiment with a non-equivalent control group design. The population in this study were students of class XI IPA Senior High School 9 Bandar Lampung. From the analysis of the hypothesis test showed that t-count obtained a result of 4.838 while t-table of 2.002 according to the provisions if the value of t-count> t-table then H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. Based on these provisions, it means that there is an effect of the use of the Learning Cycle Type 7E model on the ability of students to understand the concepts. Analysis of science process skills shows that t-count is 2.074 while t-table is 2.002 and according to existing criteria, if the value of t-count>t-table then H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, and its effectiveness is known by the effect test of the size which is getting a d value of 1.53 with a high category. The conclusion is the application of the 7E Learning Cycle Model is effective in improving conceptual understanding and science process skills.
Electrodepolymerisation of polyaniline film for use as an electrode in FeNi alloy electrodeposition
Authors: Budi S , Putri A S , Mahmud A , Afrizal  , Paristiowati M , Muhab S , Cahyana U , Purwanto A
Published: July 2020

Polyaniline can be used as an electrode because it is a conductive polymer whose conductivity can be adjusted through a doping-dedoping process. This study aimed to synthesise polyaniline film for use as a substrate for Fe-Ni alloy electrodeposition. A polyaniline layer was synthesised using the galvanostatic technique with a current of 1 mA in three-electrode cells. The results of Fourier transform infrared analysis showed that the deposit formed was the emeraldine salt phase of polyaniline. The formation of a polyaniline deposit was confirmed by differential scanning calorimeter and X-ray diffractometer. The scanning electron microscope micrograph showed that the layer growing on the substrate was porous polyaniline, which had uniform morphological characteristics. This polyaniline was used as a substrate in the electrodeposition of FeNi alloys and produced a uniform silvery layer even though it grew above the porous substrate.
Halaban (Vitex Pubescens vahl) charcoal and coal bottom ash briquettes with pressure variations
Authors: Haryanti N H , Wardhana H , Suryajaya  , Ramadhan R , Yunita
Published: July 2020

Moisture content, ash content and heating value have been measured on briquettes which were made from a mixture of halaban charcoal and coal bottom ash with variations in pressures and form factor. Factors that influence the characteristics of briquettes were powder fineness and pressure. And so both materials were made in the form of powder on a 250 mesh sieve and pressure variations (150, 200, 250, 300, and 350) kg / cm2. The composition of the mixture of halaban charcoal and coal bottom ash was with a ratio of 90%: 10%, while 5% of starch adhesive was added. Briquettes were made in the form of solid cylinders and hollow cylinders. From the measurements, the moisture content, ash content and heating value of solid cylinder briquettes were yielded 3.831-5.892%, 7.178-10.507% and 5,607.467-5,732.033 cal/g, respectively. While for hollow cylinder briquettes were 4.564-5.621%, 8.688-11.191% and 5,620.833-5,685.100 cal/g. All briquette samples meet Indonesian national standards requirements for moisture content and heating value, but not all briquette samples meet the requirements for ash content. Higher pressure gave lower water and ash content, but higher heating value. Based on the results, it is recommended that the pressure given in making the briquette was 200 kg/cm2. This is based on consideration of the highest heating value obtained when the pressure was 200 kg / cm2.
Investigation of alteration minerals and potential of geothermal energy on the Ambon Island
Authors: Andayany H , Loupatty G , Kelibulin J R
Published: July 2020

An investigation of alteration minerals has been carried out using the XRD (X-ray diffraction) method in several geothermal areas on Ambon Island. There are 4 (four) regions that are mapped as potential areas for the development of geothermal energy in Ambon islands, including Hatuasa geothermal energy, TalangHaha, Suli, and Waiyari. The results of the investigation interpret that rock samples in the Hatuasa geothermal region are dominated by quartz wacke with rock fragments in this area in the form of quartz minerals, pyroxene, opaque minerals, and feldspar while the matrix is clay minerals. The interpretation of rock samples in the TalangHaha, Suli and Waiyari regions is almost the same which is dominated by feldspathic greywacke with fragments in the form of quartz minerals, opaque minerals, lytic, and feldspar, while the matrix is clay minerals. Those minerals are alteration mineralsfrom the original minerals. The appearance of mineral changes in these areas shows that the reservoir temperature in these areas is very high. In addition to changes in the appearance of minerals, the potential of geothermal energy in some areas of Ambon Island can also be interpreted from the results of measurements of flowrate. Flow discharge in the Hatuasa, TalangHaha, Suli and Waiyari regions ranged from 0.19 m3/second; 0.16 m3/second; 0.13 m3/second and 0.20 m3/second give the results of heat loss calculations which are 86.4 kW; 71.8 kW; 72.4 kW and 114.19 kW. Thus the Hatuasa, TalangHaha, Suli and Waiyari geothermal fields can be used as a basis for recommendations on the utilization of geothermal potential for local governments (indirect use), namely as information to meet the shortage of electricity in Ambon Island.
Radioactivity yields of Galium-67 applicable for scintigraphy of various visease in nuclear medicine
Authors: Kambali I
Published: July 2020

In nuclear medicine, gallium-67 (67Ga) is potentially applied for imaging a certain type of tissue. In this investigation, 67Ga is theoretically studied in terms of its potential radioactivity yield at the end of various energetic proton bombardments. Nuclear cross-sections derived from the TALYS-2017 codes were used to perform yield calculations of 67Zn(p,n)67Ga and 68Zn(p,2n)67Ga nuclear reactions. Two different targets –enriched 67Zn and 68Zn targets – were simulated in the calculations. The calculated yields suggested that a maximum of 27.37 MBq/μAh when enriched 67Zn target is irradiated with 15-MeV protons, whereas 46.99 MBq/μAh could be generated following a 30-MeV proton bombardment of enriched 68Zn target. Various radioactive gallium impurities such as 63,64,65,66,68,70Ga and stable isotope 69Ga were also expected to be generated mostly via (p,n) and (p,2n) reactions when natZn target was used in the 67Ga production. In contrast, radioactive 66Ga and 68Ga impurities were mainly produced following bombardment of enriched 67Zn and 68Zn targets.
Reducing the impact of global warming through school based management framework: engaging students’ participation in daily life integrated curriculum
Authors: Rahman B , Abdurrahman A , Maulina H , Sukamto I , Nurulsari N , Putri R D
Published: July 2020

Recent study findings indicate that global warming plays a significant impact on our planet, for instance the raising temperature of earth that affects the melting of polar ice caps. This melting polar ice cap may cause the increasing of sea level, moreover it also causes serious effect for all organisms on earth. The research aimed to describe the ways of reducing the negative impact of global warming integrated into students’ participation in their daily life based on science teachers’ perceptions, beliefs, opinion and ideas. The results are converted into preliminary forms of product in the form of a hypothetical framework of green school-based management. This study was the qualitative research with the methods of Focused Group Discussions (FGD). Based on the result of FGD, school communities and stakeholders have to actively participate in reducing the effects of global warming integratedly and continuously. The form of participation and integration are presented in the hypothetical school-based management framework.
School-based quality improvement management for creating green school in central Lampung secondary schools
Authors: Sundari S , Abdurrahman A , Hariri H , Karwan D , Sowiyah  , Rahman B
Published: July 2020

Greening is very important for several reasons, one of which is that it contributes to dealing with environmental crises and global warming. However, little is known about literature on how to overcome the issues through participation of organizations including schools. This study aims to investigate whether school-based management in Central Lampung secondary schools, Indonesia, can be used to support the realization of green schools to improve the school quality. This study uses a survey questionnaire randomly addressed to the teachers to collect the data based teachers’ perceptions. The data gained from 55 teachers are then analyzed. Result shows that school-based management can be used to help support green schools to improve school quality and contribution to global community goals in decreasing the negative impacts of the global warming phenomenon.
Teachers perceptions and anxiety about using multimedia in learning geometry optics concept: A preliminary research on STEM learning makerspace
Authors: Herliantari H , Abdurrahman  , Herlina K
Published: July 2020

One of the effects of the rapid development in 21st century that has raised the attention of practitioners, international organizations is the demand in education. Learning activities are a major part of education in schools. So in the learning process infrastructure updates are needed including multimedia learning. This research was conducted to analyze the form of multimedia as a learning resource that supports STEM learning and teacher anxiety levels in the use of multimedia in physics lessons. The research method used is a mixed method. The study was conducted in several high schools in Lampung with research subject is 90 Teachers of physics subjects. Data collection techniques used questionnaires, interviews and observations. The results showed that teachers tended to use print media and had not used multimedia. Teachers have considerable anxiety when they only teach physics using print media. Multimedia that is expected according to the perceptions of teachers is able to present the lessons in a clear, detailed, easy to use, easy to understand the language, presenting images, animations, and videos that clarify the material. So in future research, it is necessary to develop multimedia that is expected to be able to support STEM learning and student learning independence.
The enhanced performance of piezoelectric nanogenerator by increasing zinc precursor concentration during the growth of ZnO nanorods on stainless steel foil
Authors: Mufti N , Dewi A S P , Sanusi M I , Taufiq A , Hidayat A , Sunaryono
Published: July 2020

This study aims to investigate the structural and morphology of ZnO nanorods in the variation of precursor ratio on stainless steel substrate and its piezoelectric nanogenerator performance. ZnO nanorods are grown on a stainless steel substrate that has been coated with ZnO as a seed layer by a modified hydrothermal method in the variation of molar ration between Zinc nitrate tetrahydrate (ZNT) and hexamethylenetetramine (HMT). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were performed for structural properties and morphology characterization. The performance of the piezoelectric nanogenerator was carried out by measuring voltage and current in applying an external force to the device. The ZnO-nanorods has a hexagonal wurtzite structure. The average length of ZnO-nanorods increased and the average diameter decreased by increasing ZNT/HMT ratio. The current and voltage of the piezoelectric nanogenerator increased with increasing by increasing the zinc nitrate ratio. These results indicate that the ZNT and HMT precursor ratio is playing an important role in the growth of ZnO nanorods that implicates the performance of the piezoelectric nanogenerator with stainless steel substrate.
The potential of the composite membranes Ch-AgNP to recover silver from X-ray film processing wastes
Authors: Rupiasih N N , Suharta W G , Sumadiyasa M , Fernanda D D , Imas M Y
Published: July 2020

The potential of the composite membranes chitosan-silver nanoparticles (Ch-AgNP) to remove silver (Ag) from X-ray film processing wastes was studied using a filtration method. The study includes the pure water flux (PWF), product flux (PF), and rejection coefficient (R). Several of composite membranes such as Ch-AgNP10, Ch-AgNP100, Ch-AgNP250, Ch-AgNP500, and a pure chitosan membrane (Ch) were used in this study. The filtration was carried out using a dead-end filtration method with a pressure of 260-270 kPa. The concentration of silver waste was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The results showed that the composite membranes have a better ability to filter silver from X-ray film processing wastes than the pure chitosan membrane. The highest rejection coefficient (R) gave by Ch-AgNP100 of around 95.55% with the pure water flux and product flux of 2051.03 and 1192.28 L/m2·h, respectively. The rejection coefficient of the composite membranes increased with increasing the mass of silver nanoparticles, while the PWF and PF were decreased. These results indicated that chitosan composite membranes are a potential method for recovering silver from X-ray film processing wastes. It’s a safe and environmentally friendly method.
The prospective science teaching material based on Integrated-STEM approach: Analysis of teachers and students expectations
Authors: Sari M I , Abdurrahman  , Jalmo T
Published: July 2020

The implementation of learning in Indonesia is expected to prepare graduates to be able to face the 21st century. One factor that determines competent graduates is teaching material. Teaching material is an important factor in supporting the learning process. However, in learning there are still many print science teaching materials used, science teaching materials downloaded from internet sites and there are no science teaching materials based on integrated STEM approach. This study aimed to describe and analyze the expectations of teachers and students for science teaching materials based on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). The study was conducted in Junior High School in Lampung Province in 8th grade involving 120 students and 50 Science teachers. The method used in this study was mixed method with Sequential Explanatory Strategy. The research instrument used observation, questionnaires and interviews. The results showed that to support STEM-based learning, future science teaching materials were needed included interactive books, e-worksheets, video animation, stimulation and virtual lab. Materials needed in the development of science teaching materials include the pressure of substances and their application in daily life. In the 2013 curriculum the teacher had not prepared science teaching materials based on integrated STEM approach. So in the future it is necessary to develop science teaching materials based on integrated STEM approach to support the learning process that is designed to the maximum and integrated with technology.
Z-generation learner characteristic and expectation in the RI 4.0 era: a preliminary research in physics teacher college in Lampung
Authors: Maulina H , Abdurrahman A , Sukamto I , Kartika N , Nurulsari N
Published: July 2020

Z-Generations are student who was born in the years of 1995-2015. This generation is characteristic of media consumption of at least 3 hours a day online mostly using mobile phone. Physics learning process or teaching strategy have to consider also the characteristic of student who belongs to this age. This study is conducted in order to consider physics student characteristic and expectation in learning process, so that lecturers are able to use appropriate teaching strategy in their class. The study of this research is descriptive qualitative using survey technique. Survey technique using questionnaire to 165 physics teacher college in Lampung. Based on data analysis, it can be conclude that Z-generation learner characteristic in Lampung is mostly interested with technology integration in learning process. Besides that, they are also distributed in 3 kinds of learning style that are visual, auditory, and kinesthetic.
Technologies of improvement of rheological characteristics when creating lingonberry sauces
Authors: Averyanova E V , Danilchenko Y V , Fedorova N V
Published: July 2020

The paper presents the results of studies in rheological characteristics of experimental samples of viscous-fluid products developed using squeezed fruit and berry raw materials. On the basis of a unified formulation and classical technology, the authors developed the recipes of experimental samples, the base of which is a plant heteropolysaccharide based on the main chain consisting of D-galacturonic acid residues connected by an α-1,4-glycosidic bond. An organoleptic assessment was also carried out, rheological curves were constructed showing the nature of the presented samples as non-Newtonian pseudoplastic fluids, profile consistency profiles of four viscous-fluid products were constructed, illustrating the effect of squeezes of their density and density in the composition of each studied sample. The results of the study show the role and importance of determining the optimal component composition for optimizing the technological process for the production of viscous-fluid products and reducing costs in the production of such products without losing their consumer qualities.
Neural networks and artificial intelligence as trends for the development of the future
Authors: Avetisyan B R , Druzhinina N S , Daudov I M
Published: July 2020

This article discusses neural networks and artificial intelligence from the prospects for the future life of humanity. Neural networks and artificial intelligence are also presented as a tool for conducting almost all types of business, production, medicine (medical imaging). Neural networks perform the tasks of identifying objects of research, semantic segmentation, recognition of faces, recognition of parts of the human body, semantic determination of boundaries, highlighting objects of attention in the image and highlighting normals to the surface, automating and optimizing processes implemented in the format of manual labour. Prospects for the implementation of neural networks and artificial intelligence should be considered not as a substitute for a person, but rather as a support system for decision-making, in which the final choice is left to the person.