bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fishing on Facebook: Using Social Media and Citizen Science to Crowd-Source Trophy Murray Cod
Authors: O’Connell Matthew , Spennemann Dirk , Bond Jennifer , Kopf R. Keller , McCasker Nicole , Humphries Paul
Published: January 2025

Shifting baselines, whereby people’s perceptions of what was the “natural” state of the environment changes with each generation, hinders conservation, restoration, and management. Formal and informal historical animal records can be used to inform past biological, ecological, and environmental patterns and processes. Trophy specimens are cultural and social objects but also are examples of informal historical records that may supply biological tissue and supplement formal natural history collections. The use of social media to gather information from citizen scientists has great potential for data collection of such specimens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential utility of Facebook and traditional media to collect data on taxidermal Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii), a large, long-lived freshwater fish endemic to the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia. A Facebook group, “Cod Spot,” was established as the location for information dissemination to potential citizen scientists, and where data on Murray cod mounts could be uploaded. This was complemented with social and mainstream media promotion, a research website, and an e-survey. Cod Spot received >7,000 interactions and approximately 400 participants. A total of 189 verified locations of Murray cod head and whole mounts were found. The e-survey provided verification of the potential to turn these cultural and social objects into ones with scientific value. Participants included interested persons, collectors, taxidermists, stewards, or owners of mounts. Most participants were males aged 35+, although women comprised almost a third of website users. This research has shown that low-cost marketing, combined with a widely dispersed, relatively common and well-known object of interest, can be effective at gaining participation in citizen science collaborations.
Revolutionizing corporate governance: A framework for solving leadership inefficiencies in entrepreneurial and small business organizations
Authors: Olanrewaju Awoyemi  , Rita Uchenna Attah  , Joseph Ozigi Basiru  , Iveren M. Leghemo  , Obianuju Clement Onwuzulike
Published: January 2025

Leadership inefficiencies pose significant challenges to entrepreneurial and small business organizations, often resulting in reduced productivity, misaligned strategic objectives, and limited scalability. This paper presents a comprehensive framework aimed at revolutionizing corporate governance in these organizations to address such inefficiencies. Drawing on interdisciplinary insights from organizational behavior, management theory, and case studies of successful entrepreneurial ventures, the framework identifies key leadership gaps, including communication breakdowns, lack of delegation, decision-making bottlenecks, and limited stakeholder engagement. The study proposes a three-tiered approach to mitigate these issues: (1) Leadership Development, focusing on cultivating adaptive, visionary, and inclusive leadership styles through targeted training programs; (2) Governance Structures, emphasizing the adoption of agile decision-making processes, transparent accountability systems, and participatory governance models tailored to the resource constraints of small businesses; and (3) Technology Integration, advocating the use of digital tools such as artificial intelligence and blockchain to enhance communication, monitor performance, and foster innovation. The proposed framework underscores the importance of aligning leadership practices with organizational goals and stakeholder expectations. Furthermore, it highlights the role of cultural and contextual factors in shaping governance strategies, ensuring their applicability across diverse entrepreneurial ecosystems. By implementing these strategies, small businesses can improve operational efficiency, enhance employee satisfaction, and achieve sustainable growth. This paper contributes to the literature on corporate governance by bridging theoretical insights with practical solutions, offering actionable recommendations for entrepreneurs, policymakers, and researchers. The findings emphasize that addressing leadership inefficiencies is not merely a structural adjustment but a strategic imperative for fostering resilient, future-ready businesses.
Prominent collectors of mammalogical collections in museums of Kyiv in the context of the history of zoological collections
Authors:   National Museum of Natural History, NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine), Zagorodniuk Igor
Published: January 2025

The article deals with the prehistory of the formation of modern zoological collections housed in museums of Kyiv with a significant mammalogical component. A large part of the oldest collections appeared as a result of hunting practices and have all the features of trophy collections. In fact, such collections formed the basis of the first scientific collections and exhibitions. The collectors and owners of such materials were mainly noble people. The appearance of small-sized objects was a sign of the next stage of development of collections that played a more didactic role, were reference specimens for various fauna control services or objects of special scientific research. Such collections were accumulated primarily as regional collections with low exhibition value, but important for the education and professional activity of biologists. The third stage was the systematic collection of various systematic and ecological groups for research and exhibition purposes. The fourth process is related to the sustainable functioning of taxidermy laboratories, for which it was important to have a constant supply of new materials, usually without expeditions or active collecting. The fifth part of the story, which in recent years has become an important source of acquisition, is the transfer of private and work collections, exchanges between museums, and acquisitions of collections from other, smaller institutions. Brief information about the main museum collections is given. From the entire corps of museum workers and collectors, a group of those who were closely associated with museums and worked in them or in related departments that took care of collections was singled out. These people belong to four groups (one or more): researchers, museologists, collectors, and taxidermists. A total of 32 people were briefly profiled, divided into two groups: ‘researchers-collectors’ and ‘collectors-taxidermists’. The names of key collectors and researchers whose materials have enriched museum collections are also given. The dynamics of the ‘museum’ group of persons in time is considered, with the distribution of years of life of each person. The trends of the current and possible further development of the museum society are analysed, which by all indications demonstrates a catastrophic decline over time, which began with the extinction of ‘collecting’ expeditions, the closure of studios and the loss of taxidermy schools, a general decrease in attention to morphological materials, and a change in public demands.
Zoological exhibitions in natural history museums: a classic design and modern approach
Authors:   Crimean Republican Sanitary and Epidemiological Station (Simferopol, AR Crimea), Evstafiev Igor
Published: January 2025

Traditional natural history museums display elaborate stuffed animals in showcases or as part of dioramas. Classic diorama displays are three-dimensional images, with a combination of natural objects and artworks depicting a natural setting. The basis of a zoological diorama is a realistic image of the landscape (a photograph or painting depicting a certain landscape), which serves as a background for the main objects of the exhibition. To create a realistic atmosphere, natural materials such as soil, stones, plants, and trees are used, and stuffed animals in dioramas are made in dynamic poses typical of the species. This means of recreating a part of the natural environment helps to demonstrate the peculiarities of the ecosystem and the atmosphere itself in which the represented animal species live. The author, who has been visiting zoological museums in different cities and countries for many years, has had the opportunity to observe the emergence of fundamentally new approaches to exhibition activities in modern museums, and the impetus was his acquaintance with the Grande Galerie de l’Évolution in Paris, which is part of the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle. The Evolution Gallery exhibition is a vivid example of a new approach that skilfully combines the display of stuffed animals and modern technologies to convey information about the principles of evolution, biodiversity, and the role of animals in ecosystems. The Gallery widely uses such technologies as multimedia displays, interactive panels, mobile applications, etc. In fact, the further development of zoological exhibitions is determined by scientific and technological progress, and the development of digital technologies (high-quality cameras, drone technology, and smartphones) has made the process of nature photography more accessible. This provides endless possibilities for involving such materials in exhibition activities, which is facilitated by the variety of social networks and various aggregators of visual and audio information available for exchange and use. Therefore, the production and display of new biogroups and dioramas requires the mandatory use of modern technologies, which increases the attractiveness of the exposition for the modern museum visitor. The most successful examples of the use of new approaches in the design of the exposition are presented and analysed.
Perceiving central bank communications through press coverage
Authors: García Pilar , Torres Diego
Published: January 2025

We present evidence suggesting that a simple measure of central bank communication tone, as perceived and interpreted by the media, correlates with the performance of financial assets and market participants’ expectations. This correlation appears even stronger than that of indices constructed using more complex models, such as a large language models like BERT. We employ a straightforward quantitative index, inspired by the well-known Baker, Bloom and Davis (2016) paper, using a “bag of words” approach and semantic orientation to measure this media-perceived tone orientation in terms of dovishness or hawkishness. Our approach, which emphasises the perception by the press media, contrasts with previous research that focused primarily on central bank minutes or speeches. Our preliminary findings reveal a statistically significant correlation with the movements of 2, 5 and 10-year US Treasury yields, with reactions being faster and more pronounced for shorter maturities. Our index also shows a leading correlation with some measures of inflation expectations, investor sentiment proxies, the stock market and the dollar. Additionally, to account for the impact of COVID-19, we propose the use of Google search trends as a proxy variable.
ЭПИЧЕСКИЕ ЧЕРТЫ В ПОЭЗИИ НУРБИЯ БАГОВА (БЭГЪ НУРБЫЙ ИПОЭЗИЕРЭ ЭПИКЭ НЭШАНЭХЭМРЭ)
Authors: Хуажева Н.Х.
Published: January 2025

Рассматриваются тематика и проблематика поэтических произведений Нурбия Багова, эпические черты его творчества, связанные с 1960-1980 гг. Выявляются истоки творчества, связь поэзии с фольклором адыгов, с традициями русской классической литературы. Выделяются этапы художественного творчества Багова: первый – 1960-е; второй – 1980-е годы и их особенности. Поэтические произведения первого этапа посвящены природе, Родине, труду, поэт стремится показать лирические переживания героев, эпическое осмысление фактов жизни. Второй этап – это зрелый период творчества, расширяется тематика, появляется больше произведений с эпическим составляющим, новые стилистические приемы, складывается в творчестве литературный жанр лиро-эпической поэмы. Особое внимание уделено вопросам мастерства поэта в произведениях 1970-1980-х годов, анализу выразительно-изобразительных средств.

The article examines the themes and problems of Nurbiy Bagov's poetic works, the epic features of his work related to the 1960s-1980s. The study investigates the foundational elements of his creative expression, analyzing the intricate interplay between Adyghe folklore traditions and Russian classical literary influences. The stages of Bagov's artistic creativity are highlighted: the first – the 1960s; the second – the 1980s and their features. The poetic works of the first stage are devoted to nature, the Motherland, labor, the poet seeks to show the lyrical experiences of the heroes, the epic comprehension of the facts of life. The second stage is the mature period of creativity, the range of topics expands, there are more works with an epic component, new stylistic techniques, the literary genre of the lyric-epic poem is formed in his work. Special attention is paid to the issues of the poet's skill in the works of the 1970s-1980s, the analysis of expressive and imaginative means.
ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ ЖАНРА РОМАНА В АДЫГЕЙСКОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЕ КОНЦА ХХ ВЕКА (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ РОМАНА А. ЕВТЫХА «БЫЧЬЯ КРОВЬ»)
Authors: Ахметова Д.А.
Published: January 2025

В статье рассматриваются жанрово-стилевые преобразования романа, выявленные в современной адыгейской литературе. Проводится обзор теоретических работ адыгских исследователей, посвященных изучению ведущих черт жанра романа, разработке терминологического аппарата для анализа современных литературных явлений. Проводится обзор прецедентных текстов современной адыгейской литературы конца XX века, в результате которого выявляется синтез мифологического и литературного типов художественного сознания, закономерно обусловивший структурно-стилевые трансформации романного жанра. На материале романа А. Евтыха «Бычья кровь» (1993) рассмотрены новаторские черты адыгейской романной прозы конца XX века, выразившиеся в усилении ее философского наполнения.

The article examines the genre and stylistic transformations of the novel in modern Adyghe literature. A review of the theoretical works of Adyghe researchers is conducted, focusing on the examination of fundamental characteristics of the novel genre and the development of terminological apparatus for analyzing modern literary phenomena. The study aims to give an overview of the precedent texts of modern Adyghe literature of the late 20th century, which demonstrates the synthesis of mythological and literary types of artistic consciousness, naturally leading to the structural and stylistic transformations of the novel genre. Based on the novel "Bull's Blood" (1993) by A. Evtykh, the study examines innovative features of the Adyghe novel prose of the late 20th century, expressed in the strengthening of its philosophical content.
Key Technologies to 50% Brake Thermal Efficiency for Gasoline Engine of Passenger Car
Authors: Miao Xinke , Xu Bingxin , Deng Jun , Li Liguang
Published: January 2025

Review
Key Technologies to 50% Brake Thermal Efficiency for Gasoline Engine of Passenger Car

Xinke Miao, Bingxin Xu, Jun Deng, and Liguang Li *

School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
* Correspondence: liguang@tongji.edu.cn

Received: 13 August 2024; Revised: 6 December 2024; Accepted: 17 December 2024; Published: 20 January 2025

Abstract: As fuel consumption and emissions regulations become increasingly stringent, various advanced strategies have been proposed to achieve higher efficiency in internal combustion engines. This paper reviews the advancements in thermal efficiency of gasoline engines and analyzes the key technological methods to achieve over 50% brake thermal efficiency (BTE). The technological routes proposed for high-efficiency gasoline engine are primarily focused on high compression ratios and lean combustion combined with novel combustion technologies. Supporting technologies mainly include Atkinson/Miller cycles, intake boosting, exhaust gas re-circulation (EGR), water injection, thermal barrier coatings, friction reduction, structural optimization, and combustion diagnostics and control.
Critique of Postcolonial Unreason
Authors: Beshara Robert
Published: January 2025

This paper critiques postcolonial unreason, or more specifically, the liberal ideology of wokeism in the United States, with its many facets from cancel culture to identity politics. Wokeism is distinguished from wokeness--the latter is defined as a dialectical materialist praxis. A genealogy of leftism in the U.S. is unpacked to contextualize the debate. The irrational epistemology of wokeism is revealed from Marxist and psychoanalytic perspectives. Postcolonial unreason is contrasted with the historical reason of decolonial thinking.
GÜVENİ KÖTÜYE KULLANMA SUÇUNUN FİİL UNSURU BAKIMINDAN “TASARRUF İŞLEMİ” ve TARTIŞMALI MESELELER
Authors: Yurtlu Fatih
Published: January 2025

Güveni kötüye kullanma suçu, 5237 sayılı Türk Ceza Kanunu’nun özel hükümler bölümünde, mal varlığına karşı suçlar başlığı altında, 155. maddesinde düzenlenmiştir. TCK m. 155’te güveni kötüye kullanma suçu; “başkasına ait olup da, muhafaza etmek veya belirli bir şekilde kullanmak üzere zilyedliği kendisine devredilmiş olan mal üzerinde, kendisinin veya başkasının yararına olarak, zilyetliğin devri amacı dışında tasarrufta bulunan veya bu devir olgusunu inkâr eden…” şeklinde tanımlanmıştır. Kanuni tanımı dikkate alındığında suçun, “zilyedliğin amacı dışında tasarrufta bulunma” veya “devir olgusunu inkâr etme” seçimlik fiilleriyle işlenebildiği görülmektedir. İşte tam bu noktada, güveni kötüye kullanma suçunun seçimlik hareketlerinden birini oluşturan “tasarrufta bulunma” kavramının ne şekilde anlaşılıp uygulanacağı önemli bir hukuki sorun olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Kanuni tanımdaki bu ifade, günlük dildeki anlamıyla, yani “herhangi bir iş veya işlem yapmak” şeklinde mi, yoksa özel hukukta teknik bir kavram olan “tasarruf işlemi yapmak” şeklinde mi anlaşılmalıdır? Bu tartışma, salt teorik olmanın ötesinde, somut olay adaletinin tecellisi bakımından da son derece önemlidir. Yukarıdaki soruya verilecek cevap, somut olaydaki uyuşmazlığın salt olarak özel hukuk alanında mı kalacağı yoksa ceza hukukuna da mı sirayet edeceğiyle doğrudan ilintilidir. Bir başka ifadeyle, bu tartışma somut olayda suçun oluşup oluşmadığını da belirleyecektir. Bu nedenle, güveni kötüye kullanma suçunun fiil unsurunu oluşturan “tasarrufta bulunma” kavramından ne anlaşılması gerektiğinin açıklığa kavuşturulması, ceza hukukundaki belirlilik ve dolayısıyla kanunilik ilkeleri bakımından bir zorunluluk oluşturmaktadır. Ancak güveni kötüye kullanma suçu bakımından tartışmalı olan konular sadece bununla sınırlı değildir. Suçun fiil unsuruna yönelik bu tartışmaların doğru bir zeminde yapılabilmesi, ancak suç tipine ilişkin bazı hususların açıklığa kavuşturulmasıyla mümkün olacaktır.
Bu nedenle çalışmamızda, öncelikle güveni kötüye kullanma suçuna ilişkin tartışmalı bazı hususları ele alacağız. Sonrasında, suçun seçimlik hareketlerinden birini oluşturan “devir amacı dışında tasarrufta bulunmak” kavramını ayrıntılı olarak inceleyeceğiz. Bu incelemeyi yaparken, “tasarruf” kavramının esasında özel hukuka ait olması nedeniyle yalnızca ceza hukuku literatürüyle yetinmeyip özel hukuk literatüründen de geniş ölçüde yararlanacağız.
AB ONARIM HAKKI DİREKTİFİ VE TÜRK HUKUKUNDA ONARIM HAKKI
Authors: Çetiner Bilgehan
Published: January 2025

13 Haziran 2024’te Avrupa Birliği, ayıptan doğan sorumluluğa dair hükümlerde önemli değişiklikler yapan ve üreticilerin belirli koşullar altında mallarını onarım etmekle yükümlü kılan Malların Onarımını Teşvik Eden Ortak Kurallara İlişkin (AB) 2024/1799 sayılı Direktifi’ni (kısaca Onarım Hakkı Direktifi) çıkarmıştır. Bu Direktif, Avrupa’da ürünlerin sürdürülebilir olmalarını sağlamaya yönelik daha geniş kapsamlı bir projenin sadece bir bileşenidir. Avrupa Komisyonu, 11.12.2019 tarihinde açıkladığı Avrupa Yeşil Mutabakatında “sürdürülebilir bir gelecek için AB ekonomisinin dönüşümü” politikasının bir parçası olarak “temiz ve döngüsel bir ekonomi için sanayinin harekete geçirilmesi” hedefiyle alınması gereken bir dizi tedbirin ana hatlarını çizmiştir. Bu tedbirler kapsamında ayıplı malların mümkün olduğunca daha fazla onarılması ve yeniden kullanılmasını teşvik etmek ve böylelikle daha az atık ve sera gazı üretilmesi ile yeni malların üretiminde değerli kaynaklara olan talep azaltılmasını sağlamaya yönelik tedbirler de önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. İşte bu amacı gerçekleştirmeye yönelik adımlardan birisi de Onarım Hakkı Direktifidir. Bu çalışma söz konusu Direktifin getirdiği yenilikleri ve Türk Hukukunda mevcut karşılıklarını ve yeni düzenleme ihtiyacını ele almaktadır.
İŞE İADE DAVASINDA YARGILAMAYA İLİŞKİN HUKUKİ ÇIKMAZLAR
Authors: Şahin Emir Asiye
Published: January 2025

İş hukukunun temel amaçlarından biri, ekonomik olarak zayıf konumda olan ve çoğu zaman kendisinin ve ailesinin geçimini iş sözleşmesi kapsamında aldığı ücretle sağlayan işçinin, sözleşmesinin işverence haksız ve geçersiz bir şekilde feshedilmesini önlemektir. Bu nedenle, kanun koyucu işverenin keyfi feshine engel olmayı, işçi ile işveren arasındaki ilişkinin devamını sağlamayı ve işçinin işini kaybetme endişesinden uzak bir şekilde çalışmasını temin etmeyi amaçlayarak 4857 sayılı İş Kanunu’nda iş güvencesi sistemini öngörmüştür. Kanunda, iş sözleşmesi feshedilen işçinin feshin geçersizliğinin tespit edilerek işe iade edilmesi amacıyla dava açması mümkün kılınmış ve böylelikle işçi, işveren tarafından yapılacak feshe karşı korunmuştur. Ancak uygulamada, işçiler tarafından açılan işe iade davalarında birtakım hukuki sorunlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu kapsamda çalışmada, söz konusu sorunlara ilişkin öğreti görüşleri ve yargı kararları dikkate alınarak çözüm önerileri sunulmuş, ancak çalışmanın kapsamını genişleteceği için yargılama süresince yaşanan olayların davaya etkisine yer verilmemiştir.
TÜRK HUKUKUNDA İŞÇİNİN İFŞA VE İHBAR HAKKI (WHISTLEBLOWING)
Authors: Kırpık Cihan
Published: January 2025

İfşa ve ihbar hakkı (whistleblowing), işçilerin işyerlerindeki olumsuz halleri, suistimalleri, kanunlara aykırı hareketleri, yolsuzlukları ve benzeri durumları ihbar veya şikâyet yoluyla usulsüzlüğü ortadan kaldırmaya yetkisi olan kişilere veya makamlara bildirmesi olarak tanımlanabilir. İşçiye ifşa ve ihbar hakkının tanınmasının amacı, işyerinde hem işçilerin haklarını ihlal edici hem de kamunun menfaatine zarar verici hukuka aykırı uygulamaların önüne geçilmesini sağlamaktır. Türk hukuk mevzuatında ayrı bir madde veya hükümde “işçinin ifşa ve ihbar hakkı” şeklinde bir düzenleme mevcut değildir. Bununla birlikte işçiler, Anayasa md. 25 ve md. 26 uyarınca ifade özgürlüğüne ayrıca md. 74’te yer alan dilekçe hakkına dayanabilir. Bunlara ilave olarak İş Kanunu md. 18/3-c hükmü de işçiler tarafından ileri sürülebilir. Söz konusu düzenlemede işçilerin mevzuattan ya da sözleşmeden kaynaklanan haklarının takibini yapmak ya da yükümlülüklerine uygun davranmak için işveren aleyhine adli veya idari makamlara başvurmasının ya da başvurulmuş sürece katılmasının, işverene sözleşmenin sona erdirilmesi noktasında geçerli nedenle fesih hakkı vermeyeceği belirtilmiştir. İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Kanunu (İSGK) md. 18/3 hükmünde ise çalışanların veya çalışan temsilcilerinin, işyerinde iş sağlığı ve güvenliği tedbirlerinin yetersiz olduğu hallerde ya da denetim esnasında, yetkili merciye başvurmaları sebebiyle haklarının kısıtlanamayacağı ifade edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla işçilerin, İş Kanunu md. 18/3-c bendine ve İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Kanunu md. 18/3 hükmüne dayanarak ifşa ve ihbarda bulunmaları ve bu şekilde söz konusu hakkı kullanmaları mümkündür. Çalışmada öncelikle “ifşa ve ihbar hakkı” (whistleblowing) kavramı hem öğretinin hem de Yargıtay’ın tanımlamasına göre açıklamış sonrasında ise bu hakkın hangi unsurlardan oluştuğuna değinilmiştir. İşçinin ifşa ve ihbar hakkı ile sadakat borcu arasında bir bağlantı olup olmadığından bahsedildikten sonra ilgili hak ve sadakat borcu arasında çatışmanın olup olmadığı irdelenmiştir. Ayrıca bu çalışmada işçinin, işyerindeki kanuna ve hukuka aykırılıkları, olumsuz durumları ve benzeri halleri ifşa ve ihbar etmesine imkân veren Türk hukuk mevzuatındaki dayanak olabilecek hükümler incelenmiş, bunun yanı sıra Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi (AİHM)’nin ifşa ve ihbar hakkının hukuka uygun kullanımına ilişkin getirdiği kriterlere yer verilmiş, AİHM’nin söz konusu kriterleri kapsamında ifşa ve ihbar hususu ile ilgili Türk iş yargısının önüne gelen ve gelmeyen uyuşmazlıklar değerlendirilmiş son olarak işçinin ifşa ve ihbar hakkının ayrı bir madde şeklinde 4857 sayılı İş Kanunu’na eklenmesine yönelik öneride bulunulmuştur.
ORTAKLIĞIN GİDERİLMESİNDE ARABULUCULUK SÜRECİ VE ANLAŞMA BELGESİNİN İCRA EDİLMESİ
Authors: Topak Süleyman
Published: January 2025

7445 sayılı Kanun ile Hukuk Uyuşmazlıklarında Arabuluculuk Kanunu’na (HUAK) eklenen 18/B maddesi uyarınca taşınır ve taşınmaz malların paylaştırılması ve ortaklığın giderilmesiyle ilgili uyuşmazlıklarda dava açmadan önce arabuluculuk yoluna başvurulması dava şartı olarak düzenlenmiştir. Ortaklığın giderilmesine ilişkin uyuşmazlıklar ihtiyari arabuluculuk kapsamında çözüme kavuşmaya da elverişlidir. Ortaklığın giderilmesine ilişkin uyuşmazlıklarda arabuluculuk yöntemi, tarafların kendi çözümlerini bulması ve uzun süren yargılamalar ile yargılama masraflarına katlanmaktan uzaklaşmak gibi yönleriyle avantajlar sağlamaktadır. HUAK m.18/B uyarınca ortaklığın giderilmesine ilişkin arabuluculuk süreci sonunda tarafların anlaşması halinde bir anlaşma belgesi düzenlenmelidir. Bu belgede uyuşmazlık taşınmazla ilgili ise kanunlarda yer alan sınırlamalar ile usul ve esaslar gözetilmelidir. Ayrıca ortaklığın giderilmesine ilişkin düzenlenen anlaşma belgesinin hüküm doğurması için sulh hukuk mahkemesinden icra edilebilirliğine ilişkin şerhin alınması zorunludur. Uygulamada, ortaklığın satış suretiyle giderilmesine ilişkin icra edilebilirlik şerhi taşıyan anlaşma belgelerinin gereğinin yerine getirilmesine ilişkin taleplerin, sulh hukuk mahkemesi satış memurlukları tarafından bu belgenin mahkeme kararı olmadığı ileri sürülerek icra edilmediğine şahit olunmaktadır. Yine resmi sicile kayıtlı taşınır ve taşınmaz üzerindeki ortaklığın arabuluculuk yoluyla giderilmesi ve anlaşmanın malik değişikliğine ilişkin olması halinde icra edilebilirlik şerhi taşıyan anlaşma belgelerinin mahkeme kararı olmadığı ileri sürülerek resmi sicilde icra edilmediği görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada taşınır ve taşınmazlar üzerindeki ortaklığın giderilmesine ilişkin uyuşmazlıkların arabuluculuk yöntemiyle çözüme kavuşma süreci ve süreç neticesinde düzenlenecek anlaşma belgesinin nasıl icra edilmesi gerektiğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu çerçevede, uygulamada ortaya çıkan sorunların kaynağı tespit edilmeye çalışılmış ve bu sorunlara ilişkin çözüm önerilerine yer verilmiştir.
TÜRK HUKUKUNDA MENKUL KIYMET KAVRAMININ YENİDEN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: Altıntaş Abdullah
Published: January 2025

Menkul kıymet, durağan olmayan ve değişken bir kavramdır. Kavramın anlamının ve dolayısıyla kapsamının değişimi hukuk düzeni, zaman veya bağlamdan kaynaklanabilmektedir. Gerek Türkiye’deki gerekse de Birleşik Krallık, ABD ve AB’deki menkul kıymetin tanımlanmasına ilişkin durum bu ifadeyi doğrulamaktadır. “Menkul kıymet” terimi ülkemizde mevzuatta ilk kez Cumhuriyet’in ilk yıllarında kullanılmış olsa da kanunî tanıma ilk kez 2499 sayılı Sermaye Piyasası Kanunu ile kavuşmuş ve zaman içerisinde güncellenmiştir. Bu kanunî tanım, 6362 sayılı Sermaye Piyasası Kanunu tarafından terk edilmiş ve tanımlamanın unsurlar üzerinden yapılmasından vazgeçilerek sayma yoluyla yapılması tercih edilmiştir. Gelgelelim, pek çok yazar unsurlara dayalı eski kanunî tanım ile menkul kıymeti açıklamaya devam etmektedir. Öğretideki bu yaklaşımın günümüzde geçerli olup olmadığının test edilmesi ile hem bu tanımların işlevleri açıklığa kavuşturulacak hem de menkul kıymetlerin mevcut durumdaki özellikleri ortaya konacaktır. Anılan unsurlar incelendiğinde, bunların birçoğunun belirli şekillerde mevcut durumda geçerliliklerini korudukları buna karşın belirli bazı unsurların menkul kıymetin ne olduğunu tarif etmek anlamında artık bir işlevinin kalmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmaktadır.
stratificazione sociale e razzializzazione
Authors: Raiteri Monica
Published: January 2025

La qualità del cibo è oggi considerata un dispositivo normativo funzionale alla declinazione di un particolare concetto di sicurezza, quella alimentare. Lo strumento utilizzato, tipico dei modelli regolativi, è l’adesione ai disciplinari, che fa corrispondere la “qualità” ad uno standard di produzione o di provenienza territoriale che è, a sua volta, esito del funzionamento di dinamiche di potere e di lobbying tipicamente operanti nelle sedi delle istituzioni europee, come testimoniano i processi decisionali relativi al riconoscimento delle certificazioni (DOP, IGP, ecc.).
L’origine dell’idea del cibo “perfetto”, corrispondente ad uno standard, che svolge al contempo una funzione che può risultare inclusiva delle classi sociali, come mostra per esempio la rilevanza dell’alimentazione nei processi educativi, o, viceversa, escludente, risale all’Inghilterra vittoriana: un’epoca in cui la costruzione dell’impianto normativo della qualità degli alimenti, strumento individuato come idoneo a risolvere le numerose questioni legate all’insicurezza alimentare, per lo più ereditate dal secolo precedente, si colloca sullo sfondo di importanti questioni sociopolitiche.
Il saggio prende le mosse dall’ambiguità del rapporto tra sanzioni amministrative e apparati di controllo di carattere “privato” nel contesto del modello regolativo contemporaneo per giungere ad indagare, a partire dalle sue origini, un uso “politico” del cibo inteso come dispositivo normativo, che mette in discussione sia il sistema di stratificazione sociale tipico della società vittoriana, come mostra il caso della diffusione dei cibi esotici nell’alimentazione inglese, sia il tema mainstream del rapporto tra povertà e cattiva qualità degli alimenti, come mostra il dibattito sulla sofisticazione dei prodotti alimentari.
Tarì and mancusi in South Italy during the long tenth century
Authors: Day W.R.
Published: January 2025

The classification of the earliest South Italian imitation gold tarì has depended overwhelmingly on the interpretation of the documentary record for South Italy, especially the comparatively rich sources for Campania, and on the more modest numismatic record for coin hoards and single finds. Scholars have devoted less attention to the vicissitudes of the model Fatimid ruba’i or quarter-dinar, both in South Italy and within the Fatimid caliphate, and their implications for the chronology of the earliest imitation tarì. This paper broaches the argument while also taking into consideration the circumstances that underlay, first, the evidently large-scale importation of Aghlabid and Fatimid quarter-dinar in the ninth and tenth centuries, and second, the manufacture of the earliest continental imitations from the second half of the tenth century onwards. The wide variety in the style, module and metrology of the earliest imitations also offer abundant scope for further study.
The Coins of the Irish Free State, 1928: are animals good to think with?
Authors: Gannon Anna
Published: January 2025

We have no surviving information regarding the people or the considerations behind the process of choosing the iconography of ancient coinage. We can only speculate regarding the political and commercial drivers at stake in the case of the Anglo-Saxons, designing their own coinage ex novo in the 7th century, so that it would successfully fit amongst those of continental partners. In contrast, the genesis of the 1928 Irish Free State coins was minutely documented in all its stages, from the aspirations behind this first new and independent coinage, to the managing and directing of the stages in the process, to the officials and artists involved. The designs on the eight Irish denominations were to be completely fresh and coherently tied by a unified theme: what was chosen was a series of animals illustrating the «natural products of Ireland, its sports and industries». In addition, we can follow their reception thanks to the debates and various controversies around their political, historical and cultural background as reported in the press at the time. Although the Irish case-study is far removed from the Anglo-Saxon scene, the jostling of ideas, aspirations and egos in decision-making may not have been too dissimilar, and is cause for reflection. It is an interesting coincidence that the true independent coinage of the fully ‘modern’ and mercantile Anglo-Saxon England, the so-called sceattas of the early 8th century, should also have adopted animals for their rich iconography. As Levi-Strauss argued, animals can embody an endless variety of messages and ideas, as can be seen from the new official coins of King Charles III, featuring endangered flora and fauna of the British Isles, which testify to his interest in conservation.
Pesci come tipi principali o elementi secondari nella monetazione greca antica
Authors: Puglisi Mariangela
Published: January 2025

In questo contributo si intende indagare le aree e i momenti preferenziali in cui si riscontrano raffigurazioni di fauna ittica, come tipi principali o elementi secondari, nella monetazione greca antica, e la loro possibile interpretazione in rapporto all’intero contesto monetale in cui sono presenti rappresentazioni di pesci all’interno delle diverse coordinate spazio-temporali.
In particolare, sono state enucleate due aree di maggiore concentrazione dell’immagine del pesce, prevalentemente tonno, come tipo principale, l’una nel Mediterraneo orientale, nella zona degli Stretti (Dardanelli e Bosforo) e del Mar Nero, cronologicamente più antica, l’altra nel Mediterraneo Occidentale, nell’area dello Stretto di Gibilterra, fra Spagna meridionale e Marocco settentrionale, databile tra il III secolo a.C. e il I secolo d.C., con qualche propaggine nella monetazione romano-provinciale, sebbene in queste ultime emissioni il ruolo di questo soggetto iconografico resti limitato a quello di elemento subordinato. Il pesce come tipo secondario o simbolo appare, invece concentrato maggiormente nell’area del Mediterraneo centrale, principalmente nell’ultimo venticinquennio del V secolo a.C., in ambito soprattutto siciliano e marginalmente anche magno-greco, con funzioni di attributo di alcuni soggetti in particolare, ninfe e divinità fluviali.
Architetture su monete medievali e moderne
Authors: Moneta Valerio
Published: January 2025

Nel corso della storia l’architettura è stata utilizzata come uno dei veicoli di propaganda dalle autorità politiche. Ma che ruolo ha assunto rispetto a un altro strumento di trasmissione di simboli e messaggi ideologici altrettanto importante per le autorità statali, come la moneta? Se nell'antichità la rappresentazione di edifici era un fenomeno non molto comune sulle monete greche, la sua presenza sulle emissioni della Roma antica e imperiale è molto più frequente. Che uso si faceva delle rappresentazioni di monumenti e spazi architettonici sulle monete medievali e moderne emesse dalle autorità italiane? Il saggio è un primo tentativo di raccogliere queste tipologie monetali in un unico contributo, raggruppandole in categorie e spiegando, ove possibile, il contesto storico e culturale dietro la loro scelta. L’analisi diatopica e diacronica evidenzia che, escludendo casi particolari in cui un elemento architettonico è assurto al ruolo di simbolo unico della città, la selezione degli edifici come tipi per le monete italiane è stata generalmente discontinua e strettamente legata a particolari momenti della storia dell’edificio stesso.
I reperti numismatici di età tardoantica, medievale e moderna dalle sepolture del santuario di San Felice a Cimitile (Napoli)
Authors: Ebanista Carlo , Santoro Alfredo Maria
Published: January 2025

Le indagini archeologiche condotte nel santuario di Cimitile negli ultimi novant’anni hanno contribuito in maniera significativa alla ricostruzione delle fasi edilizie del complesso, grazie alla lettura incrociata dei dati di scavo e delle fonti scritte. Molto resta ancora da fare, considerato che manca l’edizione completa delle ricerche del secolo scorso, al momento in fase di completamento. Tra i materiali provenienti da quegli scavi rientrano anche i reperti numismatici, 39 dei quali – databili tra il IV secolo e la metà del Seicento – recuperati all’interno o in prossimità di sepolture. L’analisi di questi tondelli fornisce utili informazioni sulla circolazione monetaria e sulla prassi funeraria in Campania fra la tarda antichità e la prima età moderna, anche se il cattivo stato di conservazione, purtroppo, ha consentito di identificare i tipi solo di una parte dei reperti, mentre la lacunosità della documentazione di scavo non sempre ha permesso di pronunciarsi con certezza sul momento del loro inserimento nelle sepolture, in rapporto alla violazione delle inumazioni nel corso degli sterri connessi agli interventi di restauro e manutenzione degli edifici di culto. Queste circostanze impediscono, purtroppo, di cogliere a pieno le molteplici sfumature che accompagnavano il gesto della deposizione delle monete nelle tombe.
The ‘English custom’ in early modern Scandinavia? A folded gold ryal from Norway
Authors: Andrews Murray
Published: January 2025

The medieval “English custom” of folding coins for divine assistance has drawn much numismatic attention, and recent finds are reshaping our understanding of the geographical and chronological parameters of the practice in both Old and New World contexts. This article presents a new addition to the corpus of folded coins: a worn and broken gold coin held in the Coin Cabinet of the Museum of Cultural History at the University of Oslo. The coin, identified as a Dutch imitation of a ryal of Edward IV struck in 1585-87, shows at least two major fold creases across six fragments, possibly produced in stages or over a longer period. Its late date and Scandinavian provenance are of major interest, and suggest that the practice of coin folding persisted beyond England's borders even after the beginning of the Protestant Reformation. The origin of the folding remains uncertain, and while it could have happened in Lutheran Norway, the Netherlandish connection raises possibilities of it having been folded in the Low Countries, potentially as an act of faith by the Catholic underground during the Dutch Republic. The coin prompts further research into the “English custom” of coin folding in medieval and early modern northern Europe, and challenges previous assumptions about its scope and timeframe.
ARMENIAN THEME IN THE PROSE OF WILLIAM SAROYAN
Authors: Galstyan N.
Published: January 2025

William Saroyan was the first to introduce Armenian themes into American literature. The theme of the homeland, with the original characters of people who preserve their centuries-old traditions, contrasted with the leveling standards of the American way of life.

Based on the challenges of time, the problem of human alienation, in the works of William Saroyan written on the Armenian theme tries to preserve the Armenian national spirit, identity, and present the centuries-old history of the Armenian people to mankind. The problems of fate and existence of Armenians abroad, their culture, the preservation of national identity are the main themes touched upon by the author. Born and living in the USA, the world-famous American writer of Armenian origin had a message: “Wherever you go, shout Armenia”.

Saroyan was concerned with the basic goodness of Armenians. Saroyan’s philosophy preaches to all Armenians as a message of being faithful to national roots, national education (many families could not afford to send their children to school).

William Saroyan’s work was a completely new, fresh phenomenon in the American literature of the twentieth century. He, as a key literary figure, is vividly described by Vahagn Davtyan: “Having entered the field of American literature, he began to weave wonderful epics of his environment and century with the simple and profound speech of wandering gusans, folk storytellers, taste and smell, tears and laughter, lyricism and epicness. American readers were surprised and delighted that Saroyan brought to literature a vein unknown to them until then: it was the vein of the Armenian spirit and Armenian sadness [1, 24].

All this is confirmed by the tragedy and living optimism of Saroyan himself, saying: “Although I write in English and despite the fact that I am from America, I consider myself an Armenian writer. The words I use are in English, the surroundings I write about are American, but the soul, which makes me write, is Armenia” [4, 420].
MEDIATION AS A MEANS OF TRANSLATING ALLUSION
Authors: Isahakyan H.
Published: January 2025

Intertextuality is manifested in the text directly or indirectly, fixedly or dynamically, and accordingly, one can distinguish three main types of links: quotes, reminiscences and allusion. The given article explores the concept of “allusions” in translation.

The novelty of the article lies in proposing an assumption that quite often allusion can be translated through intralinguistic mediation. This means that the mediator is the target language itself. Hence, translators can translate the intertext or allusion resorting to one of the existing translations of the alluded text or pre-text. The study, which examines examples from T. S. Eliot’s “The Waste Land” and W. Somerset Maugham’s “The Painted Veil”, demonstrates that intertextual markers-elements that link the text to other texts—are crucial for identifying and understanding allusions. H. Plett distinguishes two main types of markers: explicit and implicit. The research reveals that in the studied examples both explicit and implicit markers were implemented. Interestingly, the intertext and pre-text translators were able to recognize them and transmit to the target language.
DE-POWERING OF THE TALIBAN IN THE CONTEXT OF THE AMERICAN POLICY OF THE “WAR ON TERROR”
Authors: Matevosyan H.
Published: January 2025

At the end of the 20th century, a series of terrorist acts carried out by the terrorist organization “al-Qaeda” against the United States and its people dramatically changed the policy of the American authorities in the fight against Islamic extremism. This led to a change in the US relations with different countries and in general the foreign policy guidelines of the United States in the region. In general, the events that took place on September 11 changed the attitude of the international community towards terrorism, because from this period, a new challenge appeared before the international community, which was international terrorism, it was certainly not new, but it began to become bigger at the end of the 20th century. The main scene of these policy changes was Afghanistan, where the Taliban ruled. Therefore, the first strikes by American and coalition forces took place in Afghanistan with the aim of destroying the Taliban and other terrorist groups on the ground.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPEECH AND COMMUNICATION OF SENIOR PRESCHOOLERS THROUGH STORY-ROLEPLAY GAMES
Authors: Mardoyan R. , Ghukasyan. L. , Mikaelyan L.
Published: January 2025

The article presents the significance of role-playing games and modern approaches in the development of children in the senior group of preschool age in the sphere of speech and communication, as well as the formation of educational outcomes.

The article emphasizes the purposeful application of development factors for the effective organization of education and upbringing of senior preschoolers. In preschool institutions, there has been a noticeable increase in issues such as delayed psycholinguistic development, difficulties in communication, distortion of words, and overall underdevelopment of speech, including the absence or delay in speech perception. In preventing these and other similar problems, role-playing games play a particularly important role.

All types of educational and upbringing activities, especially role-playing games, contribute to the regulation of communication, interaction, and play among children with peers, as well as their relationships and the formation of abilities. Speech, as a means of communication, development, and expanding children’s understanding of the world around them, as well as enriching their vocabulary, requires the creation of a stimulating environment for the child and encouragement of their attempts at communication. In preschool age, as children interact with peers and adults, they open up a world of human relationships, various roles of individuals in society, and, through role-playing games, the life and activities of characters from works of literature and adults are modelled.
GENRE OF ARTISTIC DOCUMENT: LANGUAGE AND STRUCTURE
Authors: Galstyan A.
Published: January 2025

The roots of the Armenian fiction-documentary genre go back centuries. The works of classic authors, written in the fiction-documentary genre, are the best evidence of the time in which they have lived, since each truthful work is a reflection of its time. It is no coincidence that the documentary trend is one of the most important trends in the world literature.

In scientific literature the so-called metagenre (literally “transgenre” — genre, cf. translanguage) of the artistic document is often called memoir literature. The latter includes memoirs, travel notes, diaries. In the 20th century, the essay also started developing rapidly within the framework of the artistic document of the Eastern Armenia.

In the present article we have attempted to conduct a linguistic and morphological analysis of the genres of the artistic document of the Eastern Armenia from the 60s of the 19th century up to the present day. The linguistic layers of the literary portrait of the native inhabitants, the linguistic and stylistic features of the memoir text have also been examined. The identification of various concepts and linguistic formulas have supplemented the linguistic peculiarities of the considered genre.

We have studied the language of the multifaceted heritage of the Eastern Armenian literature, related to the fiction and documentary genre, and the features of the language and style of the works of this genre have been identified. The lexical layers of the genre and grammatical realities are the subject of the study, we have identified their stylistic meaning.
TRADITIONAL MUSIC AND FOLKLORE OF SHIRAK IN A CONTEMPORARY CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT
Authors: Matikyan H. , Harutyunyan H.
Published: January 2025

The article examines the contemporary manifestations of Armenian folk lullabies and mourning songs and analyzes their artistic, structural, expressive and genric features. The modern manifestations of Shirak folk songs are examined with reference to the fullest possible set of genric characteristics, contextual features, and means of expressiveness. The results of folklore expeditions in the region have demonstrated that these two genres are particularly vibrant in the Shirak region. It should be noted that the genre of dance song is the most well-preserved form of traditional Shirak folklore. However, the recorded materials reiterate as much as possible fully preserved or partially memorized versions of traditional examples of these genres. Regrettably, other genres such as working, ritual or epic songs have hardly survived. In this context, it is noteworthy that lullabies and mourning songs have survived in the contemporary socio-cultural context. As a result of the study, we found out that these genres have preserved the genric functions and the system of expressive means corresponding to them. Here, formulaic word- combinations predominate, both in speech and musical monodic thinking.