bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of self-differentiation, psychological discomfort, and marital dyadic adjustment on maternal-fetal attachment in primigravida
Authors: Kim Bu Kyung , Sung Mi-Hae
Published: December 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of self-differentiation, psychological discomfort, and dyadic adjustment on maternal-fetal attachment in primigravidae. Methods: In total, 108 primigravidae participated in this correlational study. The participants answered self-report questionnaires. Data were collected from January 14, 2020 to May 4, 2020, and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression with SPSS for Windows ver. 23.0. Results: The mean age of the primigravidae was 31.66 years. The mean score for the degree of maternal-fetal attachment was 76.81 out of 96 points. Participants’ scores for maternal-fetal attachment differed significantly based on age (t=2.08 p=.039) and marital status (t=2.05, p=.043). Maternal-fetal attachment was significantly negatively correlated with psychological discomfort (r=–.39, p<.001), and significantly positively correlated with self-differentiation (r=.36, p<.001) and dyadic adjustment (r=.36, p<.001). Self-differentiation explained 24.1% of variance in participants’ maternal-fetal attachment, and its effect was statistically significant (F=7.79, p<.001). Conclusion: In primigravidae, more self-differentiation was associated with stronger maternal-fetal attachment. To strengthen maternal-fetal attachment in primigravidae, it is necessary to develop an educational program that increases their level of self-differentiation and minimizes their psychological discomfort. Additionally, it is recommended to provide nursing interventions to encourage couples to work together throughout the gestational period.
Reliable Nickel-Free Surface Finish Solution for High-Frequency, HDI PCB Applications
Authors: Shah Kunal
Published: December 2020

The evolution of Internet-enabled mobile devices has driven innovation in the manufacturing and design of technology capable of high-frequency electronic signal transfer. Among the primary factors affecting the integrity of high-frequency signals is the surface finish applied on printed circuit board copper pads—a need commonly met through the electroless nickel immersion gold process (ENIG). However, there are well-documented limitations of ENIG due to the presence of nickel, the properties of which result in an overall reduced performance in the high-frequency data transfer rate for ENIG-applied electronics, compared with bare copper. An innovation over traditional ENIG is a nickel-less approach involving a special nano-engineered barrier designed to coat copper contacts, finished with an outermost gold layer. In this study, assemblies involving this nickel-less novel surface finish have been subjected to extended thermal exposure, then intermetallics analyses, contact resistance comparison after every reflow cycle (up to six reflow cycles) to assess the prevention of copper atom diffusion into the gold layer, solder ball pull and shear tests to evaluate the aging and long-term reliability of solder joints, and insertion loss testing to gauge whether this surface finish can be used for high-frequency, high-density interconnect applications.
Using Gis and Death Records to Inform Statewide School-Based Diabetes Prevention Interventions in Michigan
Authors: Nurjannah Nurjannah , Baker Kathleen M.
Published: December 2020

Background

One of modifiable risk factors of diabetes is unhealthy diet which is related to obesity. Individuals with childhood obesity are at higher risk of adulthood obesity. School-based diabetes prevention programs are important to reduce childhood obesity. When resources are limited, evidence-based priority need to be undertaken. However, data related to childhood obesity was not widely available, the study used diabetes-related death records as the proxy of diabetes burden. This study aimed to map and identify geographic variation of diabetes-related mortality rate by school district level in Michigan to be used for policy-relevant information.

Design and methods

This study used death records in Michigan. Diabetes-related mortality rate and years potential life lost (YPLL) was calculated at the school district level. Spatial autocorrelation local Moran's I and geographically weighted regression were used to evaluate spatial pattern of age-adjusted diabetes-related mortality rate by school districts.

Results

The age-adjusted diabetes-related mortality rate ranged from 17.0 (95% CI, 8.6-25.5) to 171.3 (95% CI, 135.9-206.7) deaths per 100,000 population. The YPLL per person ranged from 0 to 19.3 years (95% CI, 15.5-23.1). High rates of diabetes-related mortality rate and YPLL clustered in East central and Southeastern region of Lower Peninsula Michigan including Flint, Kearsley, Beecher, Westwood Heights, Detroit, Ecorse, River Rouge, Taylor, Allen Park and Lincoln Consolidated school districts.

Conclusions

There was variation in diabetes burden examined by diabetes-related mortality rate and YPLL at the school district level within Michigan State. The high cluster can be prioritized for the intervention programs.
The Government of Canada automated processing system for change detection and ground deformation analysis from RADARSAT-2 and RADARSAT Constellation Mission Synthetic Aperture Radar data:
description and user guide
Authors: Dudley J P , Samsonov S V
Published: December 2020

Remote sensing using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) offers powerful methods for monitoring ground deformation from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Advanced analysis techniques such as Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR), change
detection, and Speckle Offset Tracking (SPO) provide sensitive measures of ground movement. With both the RADARSAT-2 and RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM) SAR satellites, Canada has access to a significant catalogue of SAR data. To make use of this data, the Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth
Observation (CCMEO) has developed an automated system for generating standard and advanced deformation products from SAR data using both DInSAR and SPO methods. This document provides a user guide for this automated processing system.
Efficacy of part-time occlusion in amblyopia in Indian children
Authors: Kaur Savleen , Bhatia Indresh , Beke Nihkil , Jugran Deepak , Raj Srishti , Sukhija Jaspreet
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

To study the effectiveness of part-time occlusion (PTO) in different types of amblyopia in Indian population.

Methods:

Prospective case series of consecutive cases of amblyopia from a tertiary care center were subjected to PTO of the better eye and monitored periodically for 6 months. Those who failed to improve by 6 months were shifted to full-time occlusion of the better eye and followed for a further 3 months.

Results:

175 eyes of 175 patients with amblyopia underwent PTO for 6 months. The mean age of the patients was 10.47 ± 4.69 years (range: 3–26 years). Major subgroups included 94 eyes with strabismic amblyopia and 70 with anisometropic amblyopia. Overall, 168 (96%) children benefited from PTO (improvement being defined as a gain of at least one line of Snellen's visual acuity). The improvement rates for strabismic amblyopes (97.9%) was significantly more than anisometropia (94.3%); P = 0.027. Of the seven patients not responding to PTO, six did not benefit even after full-time patching.

Conclusion:

PTO is a viable and effective modality of management of amblyopia in Indian patients. Strabismic amblyopia was the commonest and responded best to the occlusion therapy in our cohort.
Outcome of repeat trabeculectomy with mitomycin C in isolation or combined with phacoemulsification
Authors: Jagannathan Jeevitha , George Ronnie , Shantha B , Vijaya L
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

To evaluate the effectiveness of repeat trabeculectomy with Mitomycin C (MMC) in isolation or combined with phacoemulsification, and to identify risk factors for failure over 1 year.

Methods:

Retrospective review of 113 eyes of 113 patients (49 primary open angle, 27 primary angle closure, 37 secondary glaucoma) who underwent repeat trabeculectomy with MMC (isolated trabeculectomy 75 and phacotrabeculectomy 38). The primary outcome measure was intraocular pressure (IOP) at 1 year follow-up. Three IOP criteria were chosen to measure success A) IOP ≤21 mmHg and ≥20% reduction from baseline. B) IOP ≤17 mmHg and ≥20% reduction from baseline. C) IOP ≤14 mmHg.

Results:

Mean IOP decreased from 24.5 ± 8.8 mmHg to 16.4 ± 7.6 mmHg 1 year after repeat trabeculectomy. The mean number of medications reduced from 2.9 ± 1.0 to 0.6 ± 1.0. Complete success with trabeculectomy versus phacotrabeculectomy for criterion A was 60% vs 55.3%, criterion B 54.7% vs 50.0% and criterion C 40.0% vs 28.9%. IOP ≤14 mmHg was more likely with trabeculectomy than phacotrabeculectomy (P = 0.047). On regression analysis, duration between surgeries ≤4 years (P = 0.018) and secondary glaucoma (P = 0.046) were identified as risk factors for surgical failure with criterion A. Younger age (P = 0.042), fornix based flap (P = 0.058), and phacotrabeculectomy (P = 0.042) for criterion C.

Conclusion:

Repeat trabeculectomy with MMC is successful at lowering IOP and decreasing number of antiglaucoma medications. Low IOP levels are less likely with phacotrabeculectomy.
The International Council of Ophthalmology Ophthalmic Clinical Evaluation Exercise
Authors: Palis Ana G , Barrio-Barrio Jesús , Mayorga Eduardo P , Mili-Boussen Ilhem , Noche Christelle D , Swaminathan Meenakshi , Golnik Karl C
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

Fifteen years after the publication of the Ophthalmic Clinical Evaluation Exercise (OCEX), it was deemed necessary to review and revise it, and to validate it for an international audience of ophthalmologists. This study to revise the OCEX and validate it for international use.

Methods:

The OCEX rubric was changed to a modified Dreyfus scale; a behavioral descriptor was created for each category. An international panel of ophthalmic educators reviewed the international applicability and appropriateness of the tool.

Results:

A tool for assessing and giving feedback on four aspects of clinical competence during the ophthalmic consultation (interview skills, examination, interpersonal and communication skills, and case presentation) was revised. The original scoring tool was improved to a new behavioral one, and relevant comments and suggestions from international reviewers were incorporated. The new tool has face and content validity for an international audience.

Conclusion:

The OCEX is the only tool for workplace assessment and feedback specifically for ophthalmology residents and the ophthalmic consultation. This improved and simplified version will facilitate its use and implementation to diverse programs around the world.
Agreement and diagnostic accuracy of vision screening in preschool children between vision technicians and spot vision screener
Authors: Misra Neha , Khanna Rohit C , Mettla Asha Latha , Marmamula Srinivas , Keeffe Jill E
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

Screening preschool children for vision-related disorders poses a challenge. This study is designed to determine the agreement and diagnostic accuracy of the spot vision screener (SVS) in screening preschool children compared to screening procedure by vision technicians (VT).

Methods:

This study was conducted as a part of the ongoing study titled “Initiative for Screening Children for Refractive Errors and other Eye Health Needs (I-SCREEN).” Children from 33 Anganwadis (preschools) in two districts, Adilabad district of Telangana and Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh, in South India, underwent eye health screening by a VT and by a trained community eye health workers (CEHW) using the SVS. Findings were compared for agreement and diagnostic accuracy of assessment.

Results:

A total of 976 preschool children were screened by the VT and separately by the CEHW using the SVS in Adilabad (15 schools) and Krishna (18 schools) districts. The overall mean age of these children was 2.5 years (SD ± 1.3 years). There were 48 (4.9%) referrals by VT compared to 105 (10.8%) referrals by CEHW using SVS. The overall sensitivity of SVS was 91.7% (95% CI: 80%–97.7%) and the specificity was 93.4% (95% CI: 91.6%–94.9%). Positive predictive value was 41.9% (95% CI: 32.3%–51.9%) and negative predictive value was 99.5% (95% CI: 98.8%–99.9%) with a moderate agreement (0.54; 95% CI 0.49–0.64) between VT screening and screening with SVS.

Conclusion:

The SVS showed good diagnostic accuracy and agreement in screening for possible vision-related disorders in preschool children.
Artificial intelligence in ophthalmology and healthcare
Authors: Bali Jatinder , Bali Ojasvini
Published: December 2020

Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to “the ability of a digital machine or computer to accomplish tasks that traditionally have required human intelligence.” These days, artificial intelligence is becoming popular in healthcare and more so in ophthalmology. It has shown promising results in diabetic retinopathy detection and referral. Recently, Indian data has depicted that the new algorithms can be generalized to the Indian population as well. An increased understanding of the tools is required especially by the practitioners and medical researchers so that they can contribute meaningfully to the development of the technology and not become mere data providers and data labelers. While AI is extensively being used by finance, marketing and travel industry, its application is more recent in medicine. The applications based on artificial intelligence have the potential to benefit all stakeholders in the healthcare industry.
Penetrating injury of the cornea by a barbed fish hook and its surgical management by “Cut-it out technique”
Authors: Bhalerao Sushank A , Reddy Phanindhara , Gogri Pratik Y , Banad Nandini R , Vuyyuru Sowjanya , Mallipudi Rajavardhan
Published: December 2020

Fishing is a worldwide pastime enjoyed by millions of people. Ocular fishing injuries though uncommon may cause potentially devastating ocular trauma. We report a rare case of penetrating injury of the cornea by a barbed fish hook and its successful surgical management by “cut-it out technique”. We are discussing the various techniques available for removal of fish hooks. The hook can be successfully removed with minimal trauma to ocular structures by understanding the structure of the fish hook and by employing the appropriate method of extraction.
No room for ambiguity
Authors: Ali Mohammad Javed
Published: December 2020

Authorship is the currency of an academic career. Scientific publications have significant academic and financial implications. Several standard authorship guidelines exist, and the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) is the most popular amongst them. There are increasing concerns about the ethics of publications with the rise of inappropriate authorship. The most important reason appears to be a lack of knowledge and awareness of the authorship guidelines and what actions constitute unethical behaviors. There is a need to incorporate standard guidelines in medical curricula and conduct structured training and education programs for researchers across the board. The current perspective describes the significant concepts of appropriate and inappropriate authorship, and the possible measures being formulated to shape the future of authorship.
Surgical outcomes and occurrence of associated vertical strabismus during a 10-year follow-up in patients with infantile esotropia
Authors: Lee Donghun , Kim Won Jae , Kim Myung Mi
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

Authors analyzed long-term surgical outcomes of infantile esotropia and the occurrence of associated strabismus, inferior oblique overaction (IOOA), and dissociated vertical deviation (DVD). Clinical factors related to the occurrence of IOOA and DVD in patients with infantile esotropia were also evaluated.

Methods:

Medical records of patients with infantile esotropia, who underwent surgery between 1995 and 2008, were reviewed retrospectively. Included patients were followed for at least 10 years. The incidence and age at development of IOOA and DVD were analyzed. To evaluate predisposing factors for developing IOOA or DVD, patients were divided into two groups: those with infantile esotropia only (group A) and those who developed IOOA or DVD (group B).

Results:

A total of 122 patients were enrolled and mean follow-up period was 16.0 years (range: 10–32 years). The mean number of surgeries was 1.7 (range: 1–5), and 64 (52.5%) patients achieved optimal horizontal alignment (esotropia <10 prism diopters [PD] and orthotropia). Fifty (41.0%) patients developed IOOA at a median age of 3 years (range: 1–21 years); 54 (44.3%) developed DVD at a median age of 5 years (range: 1–25 years). Patients in group B underwent more horizontal surgeries than those in group A (P = 0.028), and favorable surgical outcomes between the two groups were not different at final visit. There were no other significant differences in clinical factors between the two groups.

Conclusion:

Approximately, 52.5% of patients achieved favorable surgical outcomes through 1.7 surgeries during the 10-year follow-up period. DVD tended to develop at a later age than IOOA, and in some cases, up to 20 years after diagnosis of infantile esotropia. To achieve favorable horizontal alignment at final visit, patients with associated vertical strabismus underwent more horizontal muscle surgeries than patients with infantile esotropia only. The presence of IOOA/DVD may affect horizontal alignment outcomes.
Intracorneal scleral patch supported cyanoacrylate application for corneal perforations secondary to rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Sharma Ashok , Sharma Rajan , Nirankari Verinder S
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

To describe a new technique of intracorneal scleral patch (ICSP) supported cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive (CTA) application in corneal perforations, greater than 3.0 mm secondary to rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods:

This Prospective, non-randomized, non-comparative, interventional series included 14 eyes (14 patients). All patients had corneal perforations sized 3.5 to 4.5 mm due to RA, which were treated with ICSP supported CTA application. A partial thickness scleral patch 1.0 mm larger than diameter of corneal perforation was prepared. A lamellar corneal pocket 0.5 mm all around the corneal perforation was created. The partial thickness scleral patch was placed in the corneal perforation site and the edge was fitted into the lamellar intracorneal pocket. A minimum quantity of CTA was applied on the scleral patch to seal the perforation.

Results:

The corneal perforations healed in 14 eyes (100%) in a mean 7.71 ± 1.14 (range, 6–9) weeks. One eye (7.14%) had inadvertent extrusion of ICSP due to premature removal of CTA but, Seidel's test was negative, and the corneal epithelial defect healed with BCL alone. One eye each (7.14%) developed steroid induced cataract and glaucoma. None of eyes developed infective keratitis, re-opening of corneal perforation (necessitating repeat procedure) or enlargement of corneal perforation requiring penetrating keratoplasty (PKP).

Conclusion:

ICSP supported CTA application is a successful alternative option to emergency PKP in treating corneal perforations sized 3.5 to 4.5 mm with associated RA.
Does Sjogren's syndrome affect only the lacrimal gland in the eye? Time to replace the missing stones
Authors: Gurlevik Ugur , Karakoyun Ahmet , Yasar Erdogan
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

This study aimed to reveal the cause of meibomian gland disease and meibomian gland loss in patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) as the leading factor for dry eyes.

Methods:

The study included a total of 30 patients with SS and dry eye symptoms and a control group of 50 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects. The dryness parameters of all the participants were evaluated. At first, meibography was performed to measure meibomian gland loss using noninvasive methods. Later, meibomian gland expression and secretion quality were evaluated using silt-lamp biomicroscopy. Correlations between the measurements were analyzed statistically.

Results:

In patients with SS, MG loss was significantly greater than in the control group (19.7 ± 71%, 12.7 ± 9.6%, P < 0.001). All dry eye parameters (tear film breakup time, Schirmer's test score, OSDI, stain score, dry eye disease) were statistically significant in the SS group. There was an extremely negative correlation between upper MB loss and BUT (P = 0.08, r: 0.781). There was an extremely positive correlation between upper MB loss and staining (P = 0.015, r: 0.739). An extremely negative correlation was determined between sub-MB loss and BUT (P = 0.18, r:-0.781), and a moderately positive significant correlation was found between sub-MB loss and staining (P = 0.031, r: 0.659).

Conclusion:

The results of this study demonstrated that patients with SS were at a higher risk of being exposed to meibomian gland loss, which directly leads to the severe dry eye symptoms associated with SS.
Safety and efficacy of oral Triclofos in the ophthalmic evaluation of children with pediatric glaucoma
Authors: Sethi Sameer , Joshi Gunjan , Bloria Summit D , Kaushik Sushmita , Chauhan Rajeev , Meena Shyam , Luthra Ankur , Sarna Rashi
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

Oral Triclofos is widely used as a sedative agent in children. However, the role of Triclofos as a sedative agent in children undergoing ophthalmological procedures has not been adequately studied. The aim of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of oral Triclofos in children suffering from pediatric glaucoma who were undergoing ocular examination.

Methods:

80 children aged less than 5 years were assessed for eligibility for the trial after taking hospital ethical committee approval. The children were administered 80 mg/kg of oral Triclofos and Ramsay sedation score was measured every 5 min starting from 20 min after administration of the drug. If the child was not adequately sedated after 30 min, additional dose of 05 mg/kg was administered every 5 min till 60 min of drug administration. The procedure was considered a failure and general anesthesia (GA) administered if Ramsay sedation score was ≤4 after 60 min of initial drug administration. Heart rate and arterial oxygen saturation were measured throughout the period of sedation. The duration of sedation and incidence of side effects was also noted.

Results:

A total of 73 patients underwent the study. The mean age of children was 23.4 months (SD – 14.72) and mean weight was 12 kg (SD – 3.84). The mean dose of Pedicloryl (Triclofos) used was 83.8 mg/kg and the median duration of onset was 25 min. 64 children completed examination successfully, 2 children had to be administered GA during the procedure. There were no major side effects.

Conclusion:

Administration of oral Triclofos in a dose of 80 mg/kg body weight was safe and effective in children less than 5 years of age undergoing ocular examination.
Role of therapeutic contact lens following Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty
Authors: Mukhija Ritika , Maharana Prafulla K , Aron Neelima , Sinha Rajesh , Sharma Namrata , Satpathy Gita , Titiyal Jeewan S , Agarwal Tushar
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

Therapeutic contact lenses (TCL) are known to help in epithelial healing and decreasing pain after various corneal surgeries. However, literature lacks any data describing their use following Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) where intraoperative epithelial debridement is commonly performed. Here we study the efficacy and safety of TCL in patients undergoing DSAEK.

Methods:

In this prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. 40 eyes of 40 patients of pseudophakic bullous keratopathy undergoing DSAEK were enrolled and randomized into two groups, control (no TCL) and test (TCL). Primary outcome was time taken for epithelial healing and secondary outcomes were postoperative pain score, graft attachment, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, and endothelial cell loss at 3 months.

Results:

Average time taken for epithelial healing was 3.35 ± 0.49 days in the test group and 4.95 ± 1.05 days in the control group (P < 0.001). Average pain scores in first operative week were significantly lower in the test group as compared to control (P < 0.001). Graft detachment occurred in eight patients in control group and two in test group (P = 0.03). Both rebubbling rates and average endothelial cell loss at 3 months were higher in the control group with P = 0.07 and 0.06 respectively. No contact lens-related adverse effects were noted during the study period.

Conclusion:

Use of TCL in DSAEK leads to faster epithelial healing and lesser postoperative pain. In addition, it may also contribute to lower rebubbling rates and endothelial cell loss.
Synergistic Tumoricidal Effects of Alpha-Lipoic Acid and Radiotherapy on Human Breast Cancer Cells via HMGB1
Authors: Choi Hoon Sik , Kim Jin Hyun , Jang Si Jung , Yun Jeong Won , Kang Ki Mun , Jeong Hojin , Ha In Bong , Jeong Bae Kwon
Published: December 2020

Purpose Radiotherapy (RT) is one of main strategies of cancer treatment. However, some cancer cells are resistant to radiation-induced cell death, including apoptosis. Therefore, alternative approaches targeting different anti-tumor mechanisms such as cell senescence are required. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on radiation-induced cell death and senescence in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells.Materials and Methods The cells were divided into four groups depending on the cell treatment (control, ALA, RT, and ALA+RT). Cells were analyzed for morphology, apoptotic cell death, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, membrane potential, cellular senescence, and cell cycle.Results Our data showed that ALA significantly promoted apoptotic cell death when combined with RT, as reflected by Annexin V staining, expression of apoptosis-related factors, mitochondrial damages as well as cell morphological changes and reduction of cell numbers. In addition, ALA significantly enhanced radiation-induced cellular senescence, which was shown by increased HMGB1 expression in the cytosol fraction compared to the control, increased p53 expression compared to the control, activation of p38 as well as nuclear factor кB, and G2/M cell cycle arrest.Conclusion The current study is the first report showing a new mode of action (senescence induction) of ALA beyond apoptotic cell death in MDA-MB-231 cancer cells known to be resistant to RT.
The Establishment of a Fast and Safe Orthotopic Colon Cancer Model Using a Tissue Adhesive Technique
Authors: Hu Hong-Tao , Wang Zhe , Kim Myung Ji , Jiang Lu-Shang , Xu Shi-Jun , Jung Jaeyun , Lee Eunji , Park Jung-Hoon , Bakheet Nader , Yoon Sung Hwan , Kim Kun Yung , Song Ho-Young , Chang Suhwan
Published: December 2020

Purpose We aimed to develop a novel method for orthotopic colon cancer model, using tissue adhesive in place of conventional surgical method.Materials and Methods RFP HCT 116 cell line were used to establish the colon cancer model. Fresh tumor tissue harvested from a subcutaneous injection was grafted into twenty nude mice, divided into group A (suture method) and group B (tissue adhesive method). For the group A, we fixed the tissue on the serosa layer of proximal colon by 8-0 surgical suture. For the group B, tissue adhesive (10 μL) was used to fix the tumor. The mortality, tumor implantation success, tumor metastasis, primary tumor size, and operation time were compared between the two groups. Dissected tumor tissue was analyzed for the histology and immunohistochemistry. Also, we performed tumor marker analysis.Results We observed 30% increase in graft success and 20% decrease in mortality, by using tissue adhesive method, respectively. The median colon tumor size was significantly increased by 4 mm and operation time was shortened by 6.5 minutes. The H&E showed similar tumor structure between the two groups. The immunohistochemistry staining for cancer antigen 19-9, carcinoembryonic antigen, cytokeratin 20, and Ki-67 showed comparable intensities in both groups. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription analysis showed eight out of nine tumor markers are unchanged in the tissue adhesive group. Western blot indicated the tissue adhesive group expressed less p-JNK (apototic marker) and more p-MEK/p-p38 (proliferation marker) levels.Conclusion We concluded the tissue adhesive method is a quick and safe way to generate orthotopic, colon cancer model.
Erythrocyte Binding Activity of PkDBPαII of Plasmodium knowlesi Isolated from High and Low Parasitemia Cases
Authors: Mohd Bukhari Fatma Diyana , Lau Yee Ling , Fong Mun Yik
Published: December 2020

Invasion of Plasmodium knowlesi merozoite into human erythrocytes involves molecular interaction between the parasite’s Duffy binding protein (PkDBPαII) and the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines on the erythrocytes. This study investigates the binding activity of human erythrocyte with PkDBPαII of P. knowlesi isolates from high and low parasitemic patients in an erythrocyte binding assay. The binding activity was determined by counting the number and measuring the size of rosettes formed in the assay. The protein PkDBPαII of P. knowlesi isolated from low parasitemia cases produced significantly higher number of rosettes with human erythrocytes than high parasitemia case isolates (65.5 ± 12.9 and 17.2 ± 5.5, respectively). Interestingly, PkDBPαII of isolates from high parasitemia cases formed significantly larger rosettes with human erythrocytes than PkDBPαII of isolates from low parasitemia cases (18,000 ± 13,000 µm2 and 1,315 ± 623 µm2, respectively).
A new evaluation method of three different low-cost dust sensors using exponentially decaying particle concentrations
Authors: Kang Ki-Tai , Lee Handol , Chung Hyeok , Ahn Kang-Ho
Published: December 2020

Low-cost optical dust sensors are widely used in air purifiers, air conditioners, and air-quality monitoring networks. However, the quality and reliability of these sensors have always been disputed because a standard calibration method has not been established. Low-cost dust sensors used by researchers are calibrated using the researchers’ own methods by applying, for example, a co-location test with reference instruments, a chamber test, or a low-speed duct test. In this study, a test method for the performance evaluation of low-cost sensors was developed using KCl particles with an exponentially decaying particle concentration. With this method, the testing time can be significantly reduced to less than 10 min, and the response characteristics of the sensors to rapidly changing concentrations can be determined. AirAssure from TSI Inc., AirBeam2 from HabitatMap LLC, and DC1100 from Dylos were tested accordingly. The linearities of the measured particulate matter concentrations were significantly good (R2 > 0.95), except for the AirAssure sensors. It was also found that the response characteristics of the sensors depended on the particle concentration decay times.
Distribuição de jornais comunitários, interação e participação na comunicação contemporânea
Authors: Ernandez Macedo Marcelo
Published: December 2020

A teoria da comunicação está quase toda baseada em análises sobre a produção e recepção de conteúdos informacionais. Este artigo desloca o foco para uma dimensão esquecida da comunicação: a distribuição das informações. A partir de digressões acerca da história da distribuição de jornais e da análise de algumas experiências de entrega de jornais comunitários, testamos, ainda em caráter exploratório, a hipótese de que a horizontalidade na comunicação não depende das novas tecnologias da informação em si mesmas, ao contrário do que afirmam diversos autores, mas sim do modo como se valoriza a dialogia nos processos comunicativos. Em última instância, estaremos afirmando a relevância do estudo dos processos de distribuição de informações e refletindo sobre as transformações recentes na área.
Tom Jobim e a música da Casa Assassinada
Authors: Costa Santos Ney
Published: December 2020

O artigo busca a origem da beleza e permanência do tema principal da trilha composta por Tom Jobim para o filme A Casa Assassinada, dirigido por Paulo Cesar Saraceni, e as suas relações com a música e a paisagem brasileira.
The Novelty of Religion and Art: Should We Combine with STEM Education?
Authors: Mubarok Husni , Safitri Nur Shabrina , Adam Alif Syaiful
Published: December 2020

One of the meaningful learning implications is the formation of Long-Term Memory (LTM). Through the development of concepts related to the problems of everyday life that bridge LTM and the implementation of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) as an educational approach, it enables students to realize the importance of knowledge for society. However, some aspects of society are excluded from STEM, in that way a transformation needs to be carried out. Art and Religion need to be developed in STEM to nurture students, environment, and society to the full. Several examples are presented to represent the relationship between STEM with art and religion, not only in terms of learning outcomes in schools, but also the expectations to create resilient people in facing the future challenges. With Science, Technology, Religion, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics (STREAM) education approach.
Derecho a la salud materna de las mujeres ngäbes y buglés en Costa Rica
Authors: Solano Sofía
Published: December 2020

Este trabajo se sitúa en la zona de frontera entre Costa Rica y Panamá, y busca detallar la vivencia de ser indígena ngäbe y buglé en estos dos países, así como los procesos de migración lo largo de los años, que se llevan a cabo para la búsqueda de trabajo y mejor calidad de vida. En este contexto de desplazamiento, negación, pobreza y exclusión social se busca rastrear a partir de la experiencia de atención de la salud materno-infantil de las mujeres indígenas como opera el binomio violencia de género (particularmente violencia obstétrica) y racismo histórico sobre esta población.
Las grafiteras, artistas y muralistas transgrediendo los roles de género dentro de la gráfica urbana de Aguascalientes
Authors: Recio Saucedo Sergio Raúl
Published: December 2020

Las actividades del grafiti, street art y muralismo urbano se caracterizan por ser prácticas que han sido vinculadas principalmente con la figura masculina debido a los riesgos físicos que les suponen a los participantes. Sin embargo, paulatinamente la mujer se ha incorporado a las dinámicas de intervención gráfica de los espacios del territorio hidrocálido. Por lo que en el artículo se explican los estereotipos de género y los actos que realizan las mujeres grafiteras, artistas y muralistas para transgredir las ideas culturales e históricas que limitan y condenan su actuación dentro de los movimientos gráfico-callejeros de la ciudad de Aguascalientes. La actividad gráfica femenina se abordó desde los estudios de género para dilucidar la complejidad de los elementos culturales que definen socialmente a las identidades femeninas y masculinas dentro de la sociedad. Además, de analizar las dinámicas que perturban los órdenes establecidos destinadas a la transgresión de las ideas que determinan el deber ser de la figura femenina. Ello, fue posible a la aplicación de entrevistas a profundidad que proporcionaron información sobre su quehacer en los movimientos. Los resultados que se obtuvieron se asociaron con la comprensión de los actos que utilizan las mujeres para la transgresión de los roles de género en los movimientos del grafiti, street art y muralismo. Así como, las prácticas que elaboran para mantenerse activas. Esto, posibilitó que se concluyera que la mujer se presenta en los espacios públicos como una persona capaz y valiente de reproducir las dinámicas callejeras de los movimientos en Aguascalientes.
Reconstrucción monumental de Posguerra. La obra de Ramón Pajares Pardo en la provincia de Jaén
Authors: Almansa Moreno José Manuel
Published: December 2020

La Dirección General de Regiones Devastadas fue un organismo creado en 1938, cuyo fin principal fue reparar y reconstruir todo tipo de daños llevados a cabo durante la Guerra Civil, desarrollando un gran número de intervenciones hasta su desaparición en 1957. Uno de los territorios más castigados por el conflicto bélico fue la provincia de Jaén, territorio en donde desempeñaría una importante labor el arquitecto Francisco Prieto-Moreno Pardo. Colaborador directo suyo en la Oficina Comarcal de Andújar fue el arquitecto Ramón Pajares Pardo, encargado de proyectar un gran número de construcciones en muchas de las localidades adoptadas por Franco en la provincia jiennense. A pesar de su importancia, se trata de un arquitecto poco conocido del que pretendemos arrojar más luz, centrándonos especialmente en sus proyectos vinculados a la arquitectura civil.
Comparison of Outcomes of Intra-operative Neuromonitoring of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Versus Visualisation Alone during Thyroidectomies:
A Singapore Experience
Authors: Leow Yao Guang , Lee Caroline CY , Gan Jereme Y , Huang Lilleen M
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Although intra-operative neuromonitoring (IONM) has become commonly used to identify the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) during thyroid surgeries, its value is
still debatable. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of thyroid surgery using IONM versus visualisation alone (VA).
Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of all the open thyroidectomies performed
by the otolaryngology department in a tertiary institution in Singapore (Khoo Teck Puat
Hospital) from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2018. There were 301 nerves-at-risk (NAR),
139 in the IONM group and 162 in the VA group. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of RLN injury and the secondary outcome measure was operative duration.
Results: There were 33 NAR with immediate post-operative RLN injury, of which 7
had permanent (>6 months) injury. There were minor improvements in the respective
rates of immediate and permanent injury in the IONM group (7.9%, 0.7%) compared to the
VA group (13.6%, 3.8%), but these were not statistically significant (P=0.14, 0.13). The
average operative duration of total thyroidectomies in the IONM group was 37 minutes
shorter than in the VA group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.40).
Conclusion: The current study shows that the use of intra-operative neuromonitoring shows
a tendency towards better RLN outcome and operative duration for total thyroidectomies,
but the study may be too small to demonstrate a statistical difference.

Keywords: Nerve monitoring, otorhinolaryngology, surgery, thyroid, vocal cord paralysis
Persepsi Sosial Terhadap Komodifikasi Tubuh Perempuan (Studi Kasus Sales Promotion Girl Di Mall Ratu Indah Makassar)
Authors: Hadji Rusni , Nurdin Nurdin , Ismail Lukman
Published: December 2020

Ruang publik seperti Mall dan tempat-tempat hiburan banyak didatangi masyarakat. Peluang ini dimanfaatkan oleh industri yang bergerak pada bidang jasa untuk mendapatkan keuntungan. Tak sedikit agency yang membuka lapangan kerja untuk merekrut karyawan dalam bidang jasa promosi. Jasa promosi bekerja pada sektor informal dengan keahlihan yang dibutuhkan agensi merekrut perempuan sebagai sales promotion. SPG dijadikan jalan pintas bagi sebagian perempuan untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan. Perempuan memiliki sikap yang lembut dan pandai merayu dengan bermodalkan fisik, wajah cantik serta kepandaian berbicara dalam menawarkan produk kepada pelanggan. SPG dijadikan sebagai pekerjaan utama bagi perempuan untuk mempermudah mendapatkan uang. Sebagian besar perempuan yang hanya menempuh sekolah hingga tamat Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) atau Sekolah Menengah Kejurusan (SMK) memilih untuk bekerja sebagai SPG. Pekerjaan ini tidak membutuhkan skill yang tinggi, cukup bermodalkan fisik dan paras yang cantik. Hal ini memberikan pandangan bahwasannya tubuh dan paras menjadi modal bekerja sebagai SPG. Perusahaan lebih diuntungkan dengan adanya SPG karena dipandang mampu mendongkrak penjualan produk. Dalam penelitian ini jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif yaitu “suatu prosedur penelitian yang menghasilkan data deskriptif berupa tulisan dan perilaku yang dapat diamati dari subyek itu sendiri. Adapun hasil penelitian ini adalah 1) Konsep tubuh sebagai komoditas merupakan gejala yang umum ditemui di Kota Makassar. Tubuh diumpamakan sebagai salah satu komoditas yang memiliki nilai jual. Sebagai komoditas, tubuh dapat dikonversikan seperti konsep tubuh adalah modal fisik yang dapat dikonversikan menjadi modal ekonomi, budaya dan sosial ; 2) Sebagian masyarakat memandang profesi SPG adalah salah satu profesi yang negatif. karena dilihat dari simbol-simbol yang melekat pada SPG misalnya dari penggunaaan baju yang seksi, make up, sampai kepada bahasa verbal yang lebih agresif dan memaksa pada saat menawarkan produk dan juga profesi SPG adalah salah satu profesi yang hanya mengandalkan kecantikan; 3) Streotip yang negatif sudah tertanam di sebagian masyarakat sehingga apa yang dipersepsikan oleh masyarakat umum terhadap SPG hampir sama.
AGENDA DE DEFESA SUL-AMERICANA:
Authors: Ferreira Sylvio de Souza , Nascimento Flávio Henrique do
Published: December 2020

Este trabalho pretende apresentar algumas reflexões sobre a problemática da integração regional de defesa, em especial no mundo pós-Guerra Fria. Nesse sentido, procura-se responder o seguinte questionamento: qual o papel do Brasil na integração e no desenvolvimento de uma agenda de defesa sul-americana? A primeira seção trata de aspectos conceituais da relação entre Estado e Defesa. Na segunda, são apresentados pontos necessários à compreensão do termo integração. A terceira seção do trabalho aborda a complexidade dos temas relativos à segurança e à defesa. A quarta parte apresenta a problemática sul-americana e na quinta seção são tecidas as considerações finais. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, utilizou-se do método indutivo, por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e concluiu-se a respeito da centralidade do Brasil no Complexo Regional de Segurança da América do Sul.
Robust specular reflection removal and visibility enhancement of endoscopic images using 3-channel thresholding technique and image inpainting
Authors: Lim Wooju
Published: December 2020

Specular reflections create artifacts in endoscopic images, which may lead to misdiagnosis. In this paper, we propose a method for robust removal of specular reflections by using a thresholding technique in each of the RGB channels to segment the specular reflections from images. We further use dilation to ensure full local segmentation and inpainting to replace the areas of reflections with non-specular regions. Our method also provides a visibility enhancement feature to improve the decreased brightness due to the reflection removal by using the gamma-correction, histogram shift, and histogram equalization. On the Iparkmall Clinic dataset, our method has achieved average Peak-to-Signal-Noise Ratio (PSNR) of 42.62dB with a standard deviation of 5.80 dB and a minimum value of 23.3 dB. The average processing time was 219ms, enabling average 4 5 frames per second (FPS) processing speed on an Intel i7 processor.
Significance and Limitations on Free Space Optical Communication Using Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)
Authors: Sisodiya Divya , Kaur Gurjit
Published: December 2020

Dealing with wireless communication has been one of the most significant milestones in the history of technology. Free Space Optics is one of the leading wireless communication technologies related to secure data transfer in modern times as well as providing communication flexibility by making it more complex compared to Optical threads. In this paper, the significance of the FSO and its various variables in the various models are presented. Also, free space communication is done using Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). The behavior of system has been observed for different attenuations in the propagation medium. Simulation is done with the help of Opti system software.
Survey Pengetahuan dan Sikap Terhadap Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga pada Perempuan Dewasa di Kecamatan Sukoharjo Kabupaten Pringsewu
Authors: Prasandi Adi , Diana Hasni
Published: December 2020

Angka kejadian KDRT pada perempuan dewasa terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran pengetahuan dan sikap perempuan dewasa tentang Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga di Desa Sukoharjo IV Kabupaten Pringsewu Lampung. Desain penelitian yang digunakan deskriptif sederhana dengan metode analisis univariat. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 93 responden, ditentukan dengan teknik quota sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 64,5% responden memiliki pengetahuan kurang dan 54,8% responden memiliki sikap negatif terhadap KDRT. Pengetahuan kurang karena kurangnya sumber informasi, tidak berpengalaman, dan finansial terbatas. Sikap negatif dipengaruhi pengalaman significant others, budaya patriarki, dan keterbatasan akses media. Penyedia layanan kesehatan hendaknya memberikan penyuluhan dan konseling mengenai KDRT.Abstract: The number of domestic violence to women increases every year. This study's purpose was to provide an overview of the knowledge and attitudes of adult women about domestic violence in Sukoharjo IV Village, Pringsewu, Lampung. The research design was simple descriptive with univariate analysis methods. Total samples were 93 respondents; determined by quota sampling technique. The results showed 64.5% of respondents had a low level of knowledge and 54.8% of respondents have bad attitudes toward domestic violence. Less knowledge caused by inadequate resources, experienced, and finances. Significant others’ experiences, patriarchy, and limited media access influence a bad attitude. To prevent domestic violence, health service providers should provide adequate health education.
Representaciones de los estudiantes sobre las modalidades y prácticas evaluativas en la asignatura de historia, geografía y ciencias sociales en establecimientos educacionales públicos, vulnerables y fronterizos
Authors: Velásquez Parraguez Eduardo Alejandro , Bustos González Raúl Antonio , Duran Bellonch María del Mar
Published: December 2020

La investigación analiza las representaciones de los estudiantes sobre las modalidades y prácticas evaluativas utilizadas en la asignatura de Historia, Geografía y Ciencias Sociales, de establecimientos públicos, vulnerables de una región fronteriza. El estudio es cualitativo, empleando técnicas de corte interpretativo a fin de explorar las representaciones entorno a las prácticas evaluativas. La recolección de información se estableció a través de entrevistas en profundidad. Los resultados informaron que los principales temas identificados fueron una concepción dinámica de aprendizaje, una mirada compleja sobre la evaluación que incluye valores actitudinales y una representación del docente como agente que flexibiliza los criterios institucionales de evalución en atención a los objetivos de aprendizaje.