bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Student interpreters’ strategies in dealing with unfamiliar words in sight translation
Authors: Fang Jing , Wang Jihong
Published: March 2022

This research investigated student interpreters’ strategies in dealing with unfamiliar words in the source texts during English-to-Mandarin (B-to-A) sight translation. The study examined and compared different strategies adopted by 10 first-year beginner student interpreters who had not yet attained NAATI Professional Interpreter accreditation and 10 advanced student interpreters who, after studying for a year and a half, had achieved a credential as NAATI Professional Interpreter in Australia. The data collection involved an English vocabulary test, three English-to-Mandarin sight translation tasks and retrospective interviews. Results showed that both groups of student interpreters tended to omit the unfamiliar English words. The advanced student interpreters made more strategic omissions of unfamiliar words in the source texts than the beginner student interpreters, whose work showed more passive involuntary omissions of unfamiliar English words than that of the advanced student interpreters. Both groups also made attempts to infer the meaning of unfamiliar words. The predominant types of inference strategies were based on participants’ experience, reading-based contextual knowledge and collocation knowledge. As there has been little research on sight translation, this small-scale empirical study attempts to bridge this gap and inspire other researchers to further explore this area by carrying out larger-scale projects.
ACE awareness in school nursing – becoming a trauma-informed service
Authors: Parker Caroline
Published: March 2022

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can have a serious impact on children and young people's mental health and wellbeing, as well as affect their future. Caroline Parker explains why ACE awareness is essential for school nurses and shares her experience of developing training.
‘These are the hands’: The future of the school nursing workforce
Authors: White Sharon
Published: March 2022

Despite difficult times, it is important to keep perspective and great research and practice shows that the future of school nursing is in good hands. Sharon White explains
How to provide nutrition to rabbits in the critical care setting
Authors: Crouch Kirsty
Published: March 2022

Rabbits have been a popular domesticated pet for many years, with 2% of adults owning a rabbit and over 900 000 estimated to be owned within the UK alone, however, few people understand the requirements of rabbits for a happy, healthy life. They are often hospitalised for dietary issues (dental problems and gut stasis) and appetite change; providing the correct nutritional needs can be difficult, and the success of nutritional supplementation depends on the feeding route, frequency of feedings, and the quality of the diet fed.
Multi-granularity Decomposition of Componentized Network Applications Based on Weighted Graph Clustering
Authors: Wang Ziliang , Zhou Fanqin , Feng Lei , Li Wenjing , Zhang Tingting , Wang Sheng , Li Ying
Published: March 2022

With the development of mobile communication and network technology, smart network applications are experiencing explosive growth. These applications may consume different types of resources extensively, thus calling for the resource contribution from multiple nodes available in probably different network domains to meet the service quality requirements. Task decomposition is to set the functional components in an application in several groups to form subtasks, which can then be processed in different nodes. This paper focuses on the models and methods that decompose network applications composed of interdependent components into subtasks in different granularity. The proposed model characterizes factors that have important effects on the decomposition, such as dependency level, expected traffic, bandwidth, transmission delay between components, as well as node resources required by the components, and a density peak clustering (DPC) -based decomposition algorithm is proposed to achieve the multi-granularity decomposition. Simulation results validate the effect of the proposed approach on reducing the expected execution delay and balancing the computing resource demands of subtasks.
Data Protection of Internet Enterprise Platforms in the Era of Big Data
Authors: Zhang Jiaxing , Yang Anuo , Shuaishuai Feng
Published: March 2022

With the development of big data technology, processed data has become an important source of value. Data has played a pivotal role in the development of enterprises, especially internet enterprises. However, Internet enterprise platform companies generally infringe on personal privacy in various stages of information collection, processing and application, and Internet enterprise platform data protection research is of great significance. The study found that the current problems of data protection on Internet enterprise platforms include: extremely weak user data protection measures, intellectual property risks throughout the whole process of big data processing, and infringements that have both new and high-tech characteristics. The high ambiguity in the definition and attribution of “data rights”, the low cost and high concealment of infringements, and the value difference between intellectual property protection and digital economy are the main causes of these problems. As far as the protection path is concerned, we should start from the three aspects of technology empowerment, governance empowerment and legal empowerment, and work together to promote the proper protection of Internet enterprise platform data.
Flora da Bahia: Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Bomfim Airã de Lima , Santos Carneiro-Torres Daniela
Published: March 2022

É apresentada aqui a Flora de Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae) para o estado da Bahia, Brasil. São reconhecidas nove espécies nativas: A. almadinensis, A. amblyodonta, A. brasiliensis, A. communis, A. inselbergensis, A. klotzschii, A. multicaulis, A. poiretii e A. villosa; além da cultivada A. wilkesiana. São apresentados: chave de identificação, descrições, ilustrações, comentários gerais e mapas de distribuição geográfica das espécies na Bahia.
Wypalenie zawodowe jako istotny czynnik wpływający na efektywność służby policjantów garnizonu pomorskiego
Authors: Pietrek Michalina , Pietrek Grzegorz
Published: March 2022

This paper aims to indicate how important the issue of occupational burnout is from the point of view of human resource management in the police. This paper defines the research problem as follows: What is the main factor that reduces the effectiveness of policemen’s service and what is the reason for it? Therefore, a very simplified working hypothesis can be formulated: burnout in the service of a policeman is one of the main factors affecting efficiency, and the most important cause is stress. Bearing in mind the above research intentions, it was assumed that their implementation would be possible with the use of theoretical methods (statistical data analysis, synthesis, abstraction, comparison, induction, deduction, reduction and inference). Due to the limited time and scope of the study, empirical methods were not applied directly. A substitute for them is the use of some of the survey research carried out in the past (diagnostic survey). It is also necessary to indicate the necessity to introduce research limitations. It was resigned from describing the Police as a formation, its structure, tasks, etc., assuming that it would be an unjustified “stretching” of this synthetic study.
Bidirectional colorless WDM-PON RoF system with large spurious free dynamic range
Authors: Wang Ruiqiong , Fan Yangyu , Qin Shengyu , Tan Jiajun , Wang Xinyuan , Tan Qinggui , Zhai Weile , Gao Yongsheng
Published: March 2022

A bidirectional colorless wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical network radio over fiber system with a large spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) is proposed. By separating the unmodulated optical carrier from the polarization multiplexed optical signal in the optical network unit, upstream wavelength reuse is realized. By adjusting the angle and phase difference between the orthogonal optical polarization modes, third-order intermodulation distortion (IMD3) suppression of the downstream link is realized. The periodic power fading caused by dispersion in the system is solved through single sideband modulation. Experiments have verified the wavelength reuse effect of the upstream link. Compared with the traditional link based on a Mach–Zehnder modulator, the periodic power fading of the system is suppressed under different radio frequencies (RFs) and fiber lengths. The IMD3 of the downstream link is suppressed, and the SFDR is improved by more than 17 dB. Also, the proposed system is tested with a 16 quadrature amplitude modulation RF signal in the experiment, where a good adjacent channel power ratio and error vector magnitude of the system are obtained.
Forward volume scattering function (0.03°–60°) measured using an oblique-incidence particle sizer
Authors: Wu Chaofan , Tao Bangyi , Pan Yaorui , Huang Haiqing , Mao Zhihua , Pan Delu , Fan Jilai , Zhang JiMing , Chen ShiZhe
Published: March 2022

The forward volume scattering function (VSF) is an inherent optical property important in ocean lidar and underwater imaging and communication. The scattered power within 60° contains >90% of total scattered power, making it essential for determining the asymmetry parameter g. Thus, the new oblique-incidence-design Bettersize BT-3000 particle sizer was utilized to measure forward VSF (0.03°–60°) synchronously. A double-exponential model was then used to construct the full-angle-range VSF (0°–180°). The g value calculated therefrom had an uncertainty of <1%. Calibration was implemented using 11-µm beads alone, and the BT-3000’s performance was validated.
COMMIT: Consideration of metabolite leakage and community composition improves microbial community reconstructions
Authors: Wendering Philipp , Nikoloski Zoran
Published: March 2022

Composition and functions of microbial communities affect important traits in diverse hosts, from crops to humans. Yet, mechanistic understanding of how metabolism of individual microbes is affected by the community composition and metabolite leakage is lacking. Here, we first show that the consensus of automatically generated metabolic reconstructions improves the quality of the draft reconstructions, measured by comparison to reference models. We then devise an approach for gap filling, termed COMMIT, that considers metabolites for secretion based on their permeability and the composition of the community. By applying COMMIT with two soil communities from theArabidopsis thalianaculture collection, we could significantly reduce the gap-filling solution in comparison to filling gaps in individual reconstructions without affecting the genomic support. Inspection of the metabolic interactions in the soil communities allows us to identify microbes with community roles of helpers and beneficiaries. Therefore, COMMIT offers a versatile fully automated solution for large-scale modelling of microbial communities for diverse biotechnological applications.
Transcriptomic landscape of hepatic lymph nodes, peripheral blood lymphocytes and spleen of swamp buffaloes infected with the tropical liver fluke Fasciola gigantica
Authors: Hu Rui-Si , Zhang Fu-Kai , Ma Qiao-Ni , Ehsan Muhammad , Zhao Quan , Zhu Xing-Quan
Published: March 2022

The tropical liver flukeFasciola giganticais a parasitic helminth that has been frequently reported to infect mammals, typically involving water buffaloes. In this study, we characterized the tissue transcriptional landscape of buffaloes following infection byF.gigantica. RNAs were isolated from hepatic lymph nodes (hLNs), peripheral blood lymphocytes (pBLs), and spleen at 3-, 42- and 70-days post-infection (dpi), and all samples were subjected to RNA sequencing analyses. At 3 dpi, 2603, 460, and 162 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) were detected in hLNs, pBLs, and spleen, respectively. At 42 dpi, 322, 937, and 196 DETs were detected in hLNs, pBLs, and spleen, respectively. At 70 dpi, 376, 334, and 165 DETs were detected in hLNs, pBLs, and spleen, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis identified upregulated immune-related pathways in the infected tissues involved in innate and adaptive immune responses, especially in hLNs at 42 and 70 dpi, and pBLs at 3 and 42 dpi. The upregulated transcripts in spleen were not enriched in any immune-related pathway. Co-expression network analysis further identified transcriptional changes associated with immune response toF.giganticainfection. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that 107 genes in hLNs, 32 genes in pBLs, and 36 genes in spleen correlated withF.giganticaload. These findings provide new insight into molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways associated withF.giganticainfection in buffaloes.
Longitudinal profile of antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19 in a setting from Sub–Saharan Africa: A prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Gebrecherkos Teklay , Kiros Yazezew Kebede , Challa Feyissa , Abdella Saro , Gebreegzabher Atsbeha , Leta Dereje , Desta Abraham , Hailu Ataklti , Tasew Geremew , Abdulkader Mahmud , Tessema Masresha , Tollera Getachew , Kifle Tsigereda , Arefaine Zekarias Gessesse , Schallig Henk HDF , Adams Emily R. , Urban Britta C. , de Wit Tobias F. Rinke , Wolday Dawit
Published: March 2022

Background

Serological testing for SARS-CoV-2 plays an important role for epidemiological studies, in aiding the diagnosis of COVID-19, and assess vaccine responses. Little is known on dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 serology in African settings. Here, we aimed to characterize the longitudinal antibody response profile to SARS-CoV-2 in Ethiopia.

Methods

In this prospective study, a total of 102 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients were enrolled. We obtained 802 plasma samples collected serially. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were determined using four lateral flow immune-assays (LFIAs), and an electrochemiluminescent immunoassay. We determined longitudinal antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 as well as seroconversion dynamics.

Results

Serological positivity rate ranged between 12%-91%, depending on timing after symptom onset. There was no difference in positivity rate between severe and non-severe COVID-19 cases. The specificity ranged between 90%-97%. Agreement between different assays ranged between 84%-92%. The estimated positive predictive value (PPV) for IgM or IgG in a scenario with seroprevalence at 5% varies from 33% to 58%. Nonetheless, when the population seroprevalence increases to 25% and 50%, there is a corresponding increases in the estimated PPVs. The estimated negative-predictive value (NPV) in a low seroprevalence scenario (5%) is high (>99%). However, the estimated NPV in a high seroprevalence scenario (50%) for IgM or IgG is reduced significantly to 80% to 85%. Overall, 28/102 (27.5%) seroconverted by one or more assays tested, within a median time of 11 (IQR: 9–15) days post symptom onset. The median seroconversion time among symptomatic cases tended to be shorter when compared to asymptomatic patients [9 (IQR: 6–11) vs. 15 (IQR: 13–21) days; p = 0.002]. Overall, seroconversion reached 100% 5.5 weeks after the onset of symptoms. Notably, of the remaining 74 COVID-19 patients included in the cohort, 64 (62.8%) were positive for antibody at the time of enrollment, and 10 (9.8%) patients failed to mount a detectable antibody response by any of the assays tested during follow-up.

Conclusions

Longitudinal assessment of antibody response in African COVID-19 patients revealed heterogeneous responses. This underscores the need for a comprehensive evaluation of seroassays before implementation. Factors associated with failure to seroconvert needs further research.
Programmable droplets: Leveraging digitally-responsive flow fields to actively tune liquid morphologies
Authors: Kay Raphael , Katrycz Charlie W. , Heimlich Ethan J. , Hatton Benjamin D.
Published: March 2022

Stimulus-responsive materials enable programmable and adaptive behaviors. Typical solid-phase systems can only achieve small deformations for applications where shape transformations are beneficial or required. Liquids, in contrast, can self-assemble and achieve very high strains in a multifluid environment. Here we report liquid droplet formation by tuning flow potential within a confined fluidic cell. We digitally inject small volumes of liquid-pigment into an otherwise-transparent liquid layer, generating macroscopic droplet assembly over large areas constrained between closely-spaced plates. Droplet morphology is actively controlled by modulating outlet conditions to tune flow fields. Pattern stability is maintained through control over injection rate, interfacial viscosity difference, and interfacial surface tension. We demonstrate time-dependent droplet formation and migration to achieve spatially-tunable optical properties. Applied as a multi-cell array, we imagine this liquid mechanism will enable scalable pattern dynamics for active shading and visual display technologies.
DRI-MVSNet: A depth residual inference network for multi-view stereo images
Authors: Li Ying , Li Wenyue , Zhao Zhijie , Fan JiaHao
Published: March 2022

Three-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction is an important field of computer vision for restoring the 3D geometry of a given scene. Due to the demand for large amounts of memory, prevalent methods of 3D reconstruction yield inaccurate results, because of which the highly accuracy reconstruction of a scene remains an outstanding challenge. This study proposes a cascaded depth residual inference network, called DRI-MVSNet, that uses a cross-view similarity-based feature map fusion module for residual inference. It involves three improvements. First, a combined module is used for processing channel-related and spatial information to capture the relevant contextual information and improve feature representation. It combines the channel attention mechanism and spatial pooling networks. Second, a cross-view similarity-based feature map fusion module is proposed that learns the similarity between pairs of pixel in each source and reference image at planes of different depths along the frustum of the reference camera. Third, a deep, multi-stage residual prediction module is designed to generate a high-precision depth map that uses a non-uniform depth sampling strategy to construct hypothetical depth planes. The results of extensive experiments show that DRI-MVSNet delivers competitive performance on the DTU and the Tanks & Temples datasets, and the accuracy and completeness of the point cloud reconstructed by it are significantly superior to those of state-of-the-art benchmarks.
Provide energy-aware routing protocol in wireless sensor networks using bacterial foraging optimization algorithm and mobile sink
Authors: Tabatabaei Shayesteh
Published: March 2022

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) include small sensor nodes with battery and processing power and limited memory units then improving power consumption is a major design challenge for any sensor network. In this paper, a new algorithm for routing in the wireless sensor network is proposed using the ultra-innovative algorithm for bacterial Foraging and mobile sink, which leads to energy efficiency. In the proposed method, the number of sensor nodes is determined according to two criteria: the amount of energy on the battery surface and the distance to the sink ahead, which leads to the formation of regular clusters in the network. Nodes adopt a multi-step routing scheme within the network to communicate with the sink. also, the mobile sink is used to balance the load and help consume uniform energy throughout the network. The simulation results show better performance of the proposed method in terms of energy consumption by 17.99%, throughput rate by 30.04%, end-to-end delay by 46.04%, signal-to-noise ratio by 32.81%, delivery rate successfully Data to the sink is 0.80 times higher than the AFSRP (Artificial Fish Swarm Routing Protocol).
Nutritional self-care practices and skills of patients with diabetes mellitus: A study at a tertiary hospital in Ghana
Authors: Opoku-Addai Kwabena , Korsah Kwadwo Ameyaw , Mensah Gwendolyn Patience
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Nutritional management decreases and/or prevents the complications and deaths associated with diabetes mellitus. However, the majority of patients living with diabetes do not engage in optimal nutritional management of diabetes because they see it as the most difficult aspect of managing the condition. This study aimed to explore and describe the practices and skills on nutritional management of diabetes mellitus among patients living with diabetes attending a Ghanaian hospital.

Materials and methods

This study employed an exploratory, descriptive qualitative research design. Fifteen participants were recruited using purposive sampling, and interviewed with a semi-structured interview guide. Content analysis was performed on the data gathered, following which three main themes emerged.

Results

More than two-thirds of the participants of this study had adequate meal planning skills, ate the right quantity of foods, engaged in healthy eating habits, and consumed healthy sources of carbohydrates, fats and protein when eating. However, more than half of the participants had insufficient knowledge and skills in the reading and usage of food labels.

Conclusions

The participants of this study largely engaged in optimal nutritional management of diabetes due to their healthy dietary practices and preferences. It is recommended that health care professionals in Ghana find practical and robust ways to factor the reading and usage of food labels into the care and management of patients with diabetes.
Health status outcomes after spontaneous coronary artery dissection and comparison with other acute myocardial infarction: The VIRGO experience
Authors: Murugiah Karthik , Chen Lian , Dreyer Rachel P. , Bouras Georgios , Safdar Basmah , Khera Rohan , Lu Yuan , Spatz Erica S. , Ng Vivian G. , Gupta Aakriti , Bueno Héctor , Tweet Marysia S. , Spertus John A. , Hayes Sharonne N. , Lansky Alexandra , Krumholz Harlan M.
Published: March 2022

Background

Data on health status outcomes after spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) are limited.

Methods and findings

Using the Variation in Recovery: Role of Gender on Outcomes of Young AMI Patients (VIRGO) study we compared patients with SCAD and other acute myocardial infarction (AMI) at presentation (baseline), 1-month, and-12 months using standardized health status instruments. Among 3572 AMI patients ≤ 55 years, 67 had SCAD. SCAD patients were younger (median age (IQR) 45 (40.5–51) years vs. 48 (44–52) in other AMI, p = 0.003), more often female (92.5% vs. 66.6%), have college education (73.1% vs. 51.7%) and household income >$100,000 (43.3% vs. 17.7% (All p<0.001). SCAD patients at baseline had higher mean ± SD Short Form-12 [SF-12] physical component scores [PCS] (48.7±10.2 vs. 43.8±12.1, p<0.001) and mental component scores [MCS] (49.6±12.4 vs. 45.4±12.5, p = 0.008), and at 12-months [PCS (50.1±9.0 vs. 44.3±12.3, p<0.001) and MCS (53±10.1 vs 50.2±11.0, p = 0.045)]. The Euro-Quality of Life Scale [EQ-5D] VAS and EQ-5D index scores were similar at baseline, but higher at 12-months for SCAD (EQ-5D VAS: 82.2±10.2 vs. 72.3±21.0, p<0.001; EQ-5D index scores; 90.2±15.3 vs. 83.7±19.8, p = 0.012). SCAD patients had better baseline Seattle Angina Questionnaire [SAQ] physical limitation (88.8±20.1 vs. 81.2±25.4, p = 0.017). At 12-months SCAD patients had better physical limitation (98.0±8.5 vs. 91.4±18.8, p = 0.007), angina frequency (96.4±8.8 vs. 91.3±16.8, p = 0.018) and quality of life scores (80.7±14.7 vs 72.2±23.2, p = 0.005). Magnitude of change in health status from baseline to 12-months was not statistically different between the groups. After adjustment for time and comorbidities there remained no difference in most health status outcomes.

Conclusions

SCAD patients fare marginally better than other AMI patients on most health status instruments and have similar 12-month health status recovery. Better pre-event health status suggests a need to modify exercise prescriptions and cardiac rehabilitation protocols to better assist this physically active population to recover.
Quantification of histone H2AX phosphorylation in white blood cells induced by ex vivo gamma irradiation of whole blood by both flow cytometry and foci counting as a dose estimation in rapid triage
Authors: Wanotayan Rujira , Wongsanit Sarinya , Boonsirichai Kanokporn , Sukapirom Kasama , Buppaungkul Sakchai , Charoenphun Putthiporn , Songprakhon Pucharee , Jangpatarapongsa Kulachart , Uttayarat Pimpon
Published: March 2022

A quick, reliable, and reproducible biological assay to distinguish individuals with possible life-threatening risk following radiological or nuclear incidents remains a quest in biodosimetry. In this paper, we examined the use of a γ-H2AX assay as an early dose estimation for rapid triage based on both flow cytometry and image analyses. In the experiment, whole blood from 11 donors was irradiated ex vivo inside a water phantom by gamma rays from Co-60 at 0.51 Gy/min. After the lysis of red blood cells, the white blood cells were collected for immunofluorescence labeling of γ-H2AX, CD45, and nuclear stained for signal collection and visualization. Analysis by flow cytometry showed that the relative γ-H2AX intensities of lymphocytes and granulocytes increased linearly with absorbed doses from 0 to 6 Gy with a large variation among individuals observed above 2 Gy. The relative γ-H2AX intensities of lymphocytes assessed by two different laboratories were highly correlated (ICC = 0.979). Using confocal microscopic images, γ-H2AX foci were observed to be discretely distributed inside the nuclei and to increase proportionally with doses from 0 to 2 Gy, whereas large plagues of merged foci appeared at 4 and 6 Gy, resulting in the saturation of foci counts above 4 Gy. The number of total foci per cell as well as the number of foci per plane were significantly different at 0 vs 1 and 2 vs 4 Gy doses (p < 0.01). Blind tests at 0.5 Gy and 1 Gy doses showed that dose estimation by flow cytometry had a mean absolute difference of less than 0.5 Gy from the actual value. In conclusion, while flow cytometry can provide a dose estimation with an uncertainty of 0.5 Gy at doses ≤ 1 Gy, foci counting can identify merged foci that are prominent at doses ≥ 4 Gy.
Temporal concordance between pulse contour analysis, bioreactance and carotid doppler during rapid preload changes
Authors: Kenny Jon-Émile S. , Barjaktarevic Igor , Eibl Andrew M. , Parrotta Matthew , Long Bradley F. , Elfarnawany Mai , Eibl Joseph K.
Published: March 2022

Purpose

We describe the temporal concordance of 3 hemodynamic monitors.

Materials and methods

Healthy volunteers performed preload changes while simultaneously wearing a non-invasive, pulse-contour stroke volume (SV) monitor, a bioreactance SV monitor and a wireless, wearable Doppler ultrasound patch over the common carotid artery. The sensitivity and specificity for detecting preload change over 3 temporal windows (early, middle and late) was assessed.

Results

40 preload changes were recorded in total (20 increase, 20 decrease). Immediately, the wearable Doppler had high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (100%) for detecting preload change with an area under the receiver operator curve (AUROC) of 0.98 for both velocity time integral (VTI, 10.5% threshold) and corrected flow time (FTc, 2.5% threshold). The sensitivity, specificity and AUROC for non-invasive pulse contour were equally good (9% SV threshold). For bioreactance, a 13% SV threshold immediately detected preload change with a sensitivity, specificity and AUROC of 60%, 95% and 0.75, respectively. After two SV outputs following preload change, the sensitivity, specificity and AUROC of bioreactance improved to 70%, 90% and 0.85, respectively.

Conclusions

Carotid Doppler ultrasound and non-invasive pulse contour detected rapid hemodynamic change with equal accuracy; bioreactance improved over time. Algorithm-lag should be considered when interpreting clinical studies.
Development of a national quality framework for palliative care in a mixed generalist and specialist care model: A whole-sector approach and a modified Delphi technique
Authors: Boddaert Manon S. , Douma Joep , Dijxhoorn Anne-Floor Q. , Héman René A. C. L. , van der Rijt Carin C. D. , Teunissen Saskia S. C. M. , Huijgens Peter C. , Vissers Kris C. P.
Published: March 2022

In a predominantly biomedical healthcare model focused on cure, providing optimal, person-centred palliative care is challenging. The general public, patients, and healthcare professionals are often unaware of palliative care’s benefits. Poor interdisciplinary teamwork and limited communication combined with a lack of early identification of patients with palliative care needs contribute to sub-optimal palliative care provision. We aimed to develop a national quality framework to improve availability and access to high-quality palliative care in a mixed generalist-specialist palliative care model. We hypothesised that a whole-sector approach and a modified Delphi technique would be suitable to reach this aim. Analogous to the international AGREE guideline criteria and employing a whole-sector approach, an expert panel comprising mandated representatives for patients and their families, various healthcare associations, and health insurers answered the main question: ‘What are the elements defining high-quality palliative care in the Netherlands?’. For constructing the quality framework, a bottleneck analysis of palliative care provision and a literature review were conducted. Six core documents were used in a modified Delphi technique to build the framework with the expert panel, while stakeholder organisations were involved and informed in round-table discussions. In the entire process, preparing and building relationships took one year and surveying, convening, discussing content, consulting peers, and obtaining final consent from all stakeholders took 18 months. A quality framework, including a glossary of terms, endorsed by organisations representing patients and their families, general practitioners, elderly care physicians, medical specialists, nurses, social workers, psychologists, spiritual caregivers, and health insurers was developed and annexed with a summary for patients and families. We successfully developed a national consensus-based patient-centred quality framework for high-quality palliative care in a mixed generalist-specialist palliative care model. A whole-sector approach and a modified Delphi technique are feasible structures to achieve this aim. The process we reported may guide other countries in their initiatives to enhance palliative care.
GaitSmart motion analysis compared to commonly used function outcome measures in the IMI-APPROACH knee osteoarthritis cohort
Authors: van Helvoort Eefje M. , Hodgins D. , Mastbergen Simon C. , Marijnissen Anne C. A. , Kloppenburg M. , Blanco Fransisco J. , Haugen Ida K. , Berenbaum F. , Lafeber Floris P. J. G. , Welsing Paco M. J.
Published: March 2022

Background

There are multiple measures for assessment of physical function in knee osteoarthritis (OA), but each has its strengths and limitations. The GaitSmart® system, which uses inertial measurement units (IMUs), might be a user-friendly and objective method to assess function. This study evaluates the validity and responsiveness of GaitSmart® motion analysis as a function measurement in knee OA and compares this to Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36), 30s chair stand test, and 40m self-paced walk test.

Methods

The 2-year Innovative Medicines Initiative—Applied Public-Private Research enabling OsteoArthritis Clinical Headway (IMI-APPROACH) knee OA cohort was conducted between January 2018 and April 2021. For this study, available baseline and 6 months follow-up data (n = 262) was used. Principal component analysis was used to investigate whether above mentioned function instruments could represent one or more function domains. Subsequently, linear regression was used to explore the association between GaitSmart® parameters and those function domains. In addition, standardized response means, effect sizes and t-tests were calculated to evaluate the ability of GaitSmart® to differentiate between good and poor general health (based on SF-36). Lastly, the responsiveness of GaitSmart® to detect changes in function was determined.

Results

KOOS, SF-36, 30s chair test and 40m self-paced walk test were first combined into one function domain (total function). Thereafter, two function domains were substracted related to either performance based (objective function) or self-reported (subjective function) function. Linear regression resulted in the highest R2 for the total function domain: 0.314 (R2 for objective and subjective function were 0.252 and 0.142, respectively.). Furthermore, GaitSmart® was able to distinguish a difference in general health status, and is responsive to changes in the different aspects of objective function (Standardized response mean (SRMs) up to 0.74).

Conclusion

GaitSmart® analysis can reflect performance based and self-reported function and may be of value in the evaluation of function in knee OA. Future studies are warranted to validate whether GaitSmart® can be used as clinical outcome measure in OA research and clinical practice.
Observation and motor imagery balance tasks evaluation: An fNIRS feasibility study
Authors: Almulla Latifah , Al-Naib Ibraheem , Ateeq Ijlal Shahrukh , Althobaiti Murad
Published: March 2022

In this study, we aimed at exploring the feasibility of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) for studying the observation and/or motor imagination of various postural tasks. Thirteen healthy adult subjects followed five trials of static and dynamic standing balance tasks, throughout three different experimental setups of action observation (AO), a combination of action observation and motor imagery (AO+MI), and motor imagery (MI). During static and dynamic standing tasks, both the AO+MI and MI experiments revealed that many channels in prefrontal or motor regions are significantly activated while the AO experiment showed almost no significant increase in activations in most of the channels. The contrast between static and dynamic standing tasks showed that with more demanding balance tasks, relative higher activation patterns were observed, particularly during AO and in AO+MI experiments in the frontopolar area. Moreover, the AO+MI experiment revealed a significant difference in premotor and supplementary motor cortices that are related to balance control. Furthermore, it has been observed that the AO+MI experiment induced relatively higher activation patterns in comparison to AO or MI alone. Remarkably, the results of this work match its counterpart from previous functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. Therefore, they may pave the way for using the fNIRS as a diagnostic tool for evaluating the performance of the non-physical balance training during the rehabilitation period of temporally immobilized patients.
Human papillomavirus type 16 E6 induces cell competition
Authors: Brimer Nicole , Vande Pol Scott
Published: March 2022

High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections induce squamous epithelial tumors in which the virus replicates. Initially, the virus-infected cells are untransformed, but expand in both number and area at the expense of uninfected squamous epithelial cells. We have developed an in vitro assay in which colonies of post-confluent HPV16 expressing cells outcompete and displace confluent surrounding uninfected keratinocytes. The enhanced colony competition induced by the complete HPV16 genome is conferred by E6 expression alone, not by individual expression of E5 or E7, and requires E6 interaction with p53. E6-expressing keratinocytes undermine and displace adjacent normal keratinocytes from contact with the attachment substrate, thereby expanding the area of the E6-expressing colony at the expense of normal keratinocytes. These new results separate classic oncogenicity that is primarily conferred by HPV16 E7 from cell competition that we show is primarily conferred by E6 and provides a new biological role for E6 oncoproteins from high-risk human papillomaviruses.
Itinerários filosóficos da escuta
Authors: Portocarrero F. Silva Maria Luísa
Published: March 2022

O objetivo deste texto é mostrar como, esgotado o caminho filosófico e histórico do progresso, a crise exige que se retome o caminho da escuta, esquecido desde a modernidade científica. Na raiz da racionalidade ética e hermenêutica reside a capacidade humana de escuta, símbolo da passividade do homem capaz e da interdependência do humano. Contra a soberania da razão abstrata moderna, baseada no primado do imediato e da visão, a escuta segue os itinerários da receção que exige resposta hermenêutica e singularização dialógica pessoal.
Динамика социально-экономического положения населения Волгограда и Волгоградской области в период второй волны пандемии коронавируса
Authors: Чумаков Вячеслав Игоревич , Шишкина Екатерина Викторовна , Токарева Юлия Михайловна , Хавронина Вера Николаевна
Published: March 2022

Статья посвящена исследованию субъективных оценок социально-экономического положения жителей Волгограда и Волгоградской области в условиях самоизоляции в период второй волны пандемии коронавируса (зима—весна 2021 г.). Освещен мировой опыт поддержки населения и экономики в сравнении с российскими реалиями. Приведены меры государственной поддержки малого и среднего бизнеса изучаемого региона. Эмпирический анализ основывается на данных авторского социологического опроса, включающего в себя не только вопросы экономического характера, но также психосоциальные аспекты мер по длительному ограничению передвижения и снижению интенсивности социальных контактов. В статье рассмотрены меры социально-экономической поддержки населения с позиций социального государства. Анализ полученных данных показал ухудшение социально-экономического положения населения региона. Жители Волгоградской области подвержены страхам из-за угрозы потери работы, их психоэмоциональное состояние характеризуется тревожностью; участились конфликты, связанные с финансовыми трудностями, а также с вынужденным длительным нахождением с остальными членами семьи. Кроме этого, в работе эксплицирована роль СМИ в конструировании и воссоздании социальных страхов и угроз, влияющих на общественное сознание и имеющих такие последствия, как ажиотажное потребление, сужение поля социальных контактов. Предложены перспективы исследования с учетом продолжающейся пандемии коронавируса и неопределенности сроков ее окончания.
Продвижение лидера или популяризация повестки? Агентно-ориентированная модель применения ботов в социальных сетях
Authors: Стукал Денис Константинович , Филиппов Илья Борисович
Published: March 2022

В исследованиях политической активности в социальной сетях в последнее время все большее внимание уделяется автоматизированным аккаунтам, более известным как боты. Несмотря на обилие работ, посвященных этому явлению, воздействие ботов на социальную сеть и ее пользователей остается недостаточно исследованным. Данная статья направлена на заполнение этой лакуны и предлагает реалистичную вычислительную модель взаимодействий обычных пользователей, политических лидеров и их ботов в популярной социальной сети Twitter.  В первую очередь мы используем модель для изучения последствий применения ботов для популяризации лидерского аккаунта с помощью приобретения новых подписчиков и ретвитов. Далее мы исследуем возможности ботов по продвижению лидерской политической позиции благодаря увеличению общего объема публикаций, распространяющих идеологию лидера. Мы показываем, что применение ботов может вредить личной популярности лидеров, в то время как успехи в продвижении идеологической позиции зависят от распределения ботов между лидерами. В дальнейшем данные результаты могут быть использованы для разработки дизайна эмпирической проверки результатов применения ботов.
Благодарность. Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 20-18-00274), Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики».
Глядя в зеркало заднего вида: опыт авторецензии. Рец. на кн.: Лок Э., Стронг Т. Как устроена матрица? Социальное конструирование реальности: теория и практика. / пер. с англ. Д.В. Онегов, А.В. Зиндер, К.М. Зиндер, А. Мирзоянц; ред. перевода С.А. Ромашко. — М.: ВЦИОМ, 2021.
Authors: Ромашко Сергей Александрович
Published: March 2022

Книга Э. Лока и Т. Стронга «Как устроена матрица? Социальное конструирование реальности: теория и практика» может быть прочитана и осмыслена по-разному: либо как книга о конструкционистских идеях в социологии и социальной психологии, либо – и это по-своему не менее важный взгляд – как свидетельство процессов, происходящих в современной науке, в данном случае науке о человеке и общественном устройстве, в наше время — время возрастания роли коммуникации и информационных процессов. Представленная рецензия подготовлена С.А. Ромашко, научным редактором перевода книги на русский язык.
UJI BAKU MUTU PROBIOTIK IKAN BERBAHAN DASAR AIR LIMBAH CUCIAN BERAS, KULIT BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum), DAN FERMENTASI EKSTRAK DAUN KELOR (Moringa oleifera)
Authors: Atho'illah M. , Fadila Mara Dwi , Junaedi Abdus Salam
Published: March 2022

Probiotik merupakan mikroba hidup dengan sifat menguntungkan. Jumlah air limbah cucian beras sangat melimpah dan memiliki kandungan nutrisi yang cukup banyak, terutama karbohidrat sebesar 85-90%. Air limbah kulit bawang putih berfungsi untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri seperti Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, dan Salmonella enteritidis. Daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) merupakan tumbuhan yang mempunyai kandungan protein sebesar 27-29%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi kombinasi terbaik probiotik yang dapat digunakan dalam budidaya perikanan guna meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan kualitas ikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak faktorial (RAF) 4x4 dengan 2 faktor. Faktor pertama berupa kultur fermentasi ekstrak daun kelor yang terdiri atas 4 perlakuan, yaitu 10%; 20%; 30%; dan 40% dengan kombinasi antara air limbah cucian beras dan air limbah kulit bawang putih sebesar 1:1. Faktor kedua berupa lama waktu fermentasi probiotik yang terdiri atas 4 perlakuan, yaitu 1; 2; 3; dan 4 minggu. Kontrol negatif berupa air limbah cucian beras dan kulit bawang putih dengan perbandingan 1:1 dan kontrol positif dengan penambahan probiotik EM4 berkonsentrasi 10%. Setiap perlakuan diuji menggunakan 3 pengulangan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode observatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa probiotik ikan yang diamati menghasilkan pelet pada permukaan dasar wadah fermentasi, gelembung gas, perubahan warna menjadi cokelat kuning, perubahan bentuk wadah fermentasi, bau khas seperti bau tape, dan tidak adanya kontaminasi jamur. Probiotics are a living microbe with a beneficial nature. Rice dishwater is plentiful and has a good amount of nutrition, especially a carbohydrate of 85-90%. Garlic skin wastewater helps prevent the growth of bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enteritidis. Kelor (Moringa oleifera) is a plant that has a protein content of 27-29%. The aim of this study is to evaluate the best possible combination of probiotics that can be used in fisheries cultivation to promote the growth and quality of fish. The study uses randomly vectorial design 4x4 with 2 factors. The first factor is the four treatments fermentation culture extract of kelor leaves, which is 10%; 20%; 30%; and 40% by the combination of rice dishwater and garlic wastewater by 1:1. The second factor is long-term probiotic fermentation, consisting of 4 treatments, 1; 2; 3; and 4 weeks. The negative control of rice and garlic skin dishwater by comparison 1:1 and positive control with an additional probiotic EM4 concentrates 10%. Each treatment is tested using three repetitions. This research method using observative. Research indicates that probiotic fish observed produce pellets on the ground surfaces of fermentation containers, gas bubbles, discoloration to yellow chocolate, fermentation containers change in shape, typically smells like tape, and an absence of fungal contamination.
The Reduplication Process of Balantak Language: A Minority Austronesian Language of Eastern Sulawesi
Authors: Pamolango Valentino , Young Ho Cho
Published: March 2022

Indonesia has many local languages. One of the local languages used in Indonesia is Balantak language. It is used by people who live in 5 (five) sub-districts in Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi. In Balantak language, there are a number of words which are formed by using reduplication.

Reduplication is found in many languages but is quite diverse as a process and in its. Due to reduplicated words in Balantak language, the writers are interested in analyzing the problem statement about: What are the forms of reduplicated words in Balantak language?

Reduplication is the repetition of an entire word or part of the word. According to Haspelmath and Sims (2010), reduplications are a very common morphological operation, whereby part of the base orthe complete base is copied and attached to the base (either preceding or following it). In Balantak language both forms of reduplication are found full reduplication and partial reduplication, and each form consists of various kind of words.
Quercetin inhibits cytotoxicity of PC12 cells induced by amyloid-beta 25–35 via stimulating estrogen receptor α, activating ERK1/2, and inhibiting apoptosis
Authors: Liu Liangjing , Liu Yang , Zhen Yanjie , Guo Tonglin , Wang Cui , Shen Lixia , Li Wei
Published: March 2022

The accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) in the brain plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The lack of estrogen is one of the risk factors for AD. Quercetin is a phytoestrogen with a chemical structure similar to that of estrogen. However, the mechanism by which quercetin prevents AD is unclear. PC12 cells were cultured with Aβ25–35 for 24 h. Then the cells were further treated with 17β-estradiol, genistein, and quercetin for another 24 h, respectively. Next, ICI182780 and U0126 were used to study the mechanisms of estrogen-like neuroprotection. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed to detect cell survival. The protein expression was analyzed by immunofluorescence and western blot. The survival of PC12 cells induced by Aβ25–35 was increased by quercetin. The levels of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 were improved by quercetin, but not those of ERβ. On the contrary, Bcl-2/Bax was increased and the expression of Caspase-3 was decreased. When the cell was pretreated with ICI182780, the p-ERK1/2 and Bcl-2/Bax ratio was decreased, but Caspase-3 expression was increased. In addition, pretreatment with U0126 would reduce Bcl-2/Bax ratio and increase Caspase-3 protein expression. Conclusively, quercetin plays a neuroprotective role through the ER pathway and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. The MAPK signaling pathways could also be activated by quercetin via the mediation of ERα.