bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observational Investigation of the Low‐Level Jets in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Sánchez Maciel Piñero , Pereira de Oliveira Amauri , Varona Ramón Pérez , Tito Janet Valdés , Codato Georgia , Ynoue Rita Yuri , Ribeiro Flávia Noronha Dutra , Marques Filho Edson Pereira , da Silveira Lucas Cardoso
Published: September 2022

The main features of low‐level jet (LLJ) in the metropolitan region of São Paulo (MRSP), Brazil, are assessed using rawinsondes carried out: (a) every 3‐hr during 10‐consecutive days in summer and winter field campaigns of the MCITY BRAZIL Project in 2013, (b) at 0900 and 2100 local time, from September 2009 to August 2013. These observations indicate that the LLJ is a typical feature of the MRSP, observed in 85% of the 20 days of the field‐campaigns and 77.6% of the 1,446 days of regular rawinsonde period. The fine temporal and spatial resolution soundings indicate that most of the LLJs occur during nighttime and early in the morning, with mean intensity of 8.5 ± 0.3 m s−1, height of 539 ± 26 m, and mostly (52.5%) from east and north. The coarse resolution soundings indicate the LLJ display a seasonal variation with maximum intensity in October (8.6 ± 0.3 m s−1) and a minimum in February (7.1 ± 0.2 m s−1), a maximum height in March (703 ± 151 m) and a minimum in June (577 ± 151 m). During MCITY campaigns about 76.4% of LLJ events show inertial oscillation and 35.3% of them are combined with sea breeze. Only 17.6% of LLJ events are associated with cold fronts and post‐frontal high pressure system. The urban heat island intensity, surface inversion layer strength, particulate matter 2.5 and carbon monoxide concentrations are negatively correlated with the LLJ intensity, suggesting the jet‐induced turbulent mixing may contribute to reduce them.
Observed Drag Coefficient Asymmetry in a Tropical Cyclone
Authors: Chen Sheng , Qiao Fangli , Zhang Jun A. , Xue Yuhuan , Ma Hongyu , Chen Siyu
Published: September 2022

The behavior of drag coefficient () in two different motion‐relative quadrants of Typhoon Mujigae (2015) is investigated through the flux observations conducted on a fixed platform over the coastal region in the northern South China Sea. Observations reveal that the variation of is closely related to the location relative to the tropical cyclone (TC) center. The presents an enhancement when the typhoon is away from the observational site. The spatial distribution of on the periphery of a TC is asymmetric, and the in the right rear quadrant is much larger than that in the right front quadrant for the same wind speed range. This asymmetric distribution of can be explained by the differences in wave properties between the two quadrants. is smaller in cross‐swell conditions than that in the along‐wind wave conditions. Observations also confirm that tends to level off and even attenuate with the increase of wind speed, and the critical wind speed for saturation over the coastal region (∼20 m/s) is much lower than that over the open ocean (∼30 m/s). The observational spatial distribution of in TC quadrants not only improves our understanding on the air‐sea momentum flux but also provides a potential solution for the long‐standing scientific bottleneck on TC intensity forecasting.
Systematic Ionospheric Residual Errors in GNSS Radio Occultation: Theory for Spherically Stratified Media
Authors: Syndergaard Stig , Kirchengast Gottfried
Published: September 2022

The standard ionospheric correction of bending angles in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) measurements removes most of the influence from the ionosphere, but leaves small systematic residual errors in the corrected data. The main reasons for residual errors at stratospheric and mesospheric altitudes are the neglect of higher‐order terms in the expansion of the ionospheric refractive index, and the fact that the two GNSS signals follow slightly different paths through the ionosphere. Another reason is the neglect of the local electron density at the receiver in orbit. These residual errors depend on the geomagnetic field and the spatial distribution of the ionospheric electron density and its gradients. In this work we derive this dependency to high accuracy for a spherically stratified ionosphere, including the “bi‐local” situation where the ionosphere is different (though still spherically stratified) on the inbound and outbound side of the RO event tangent points. As part of the derivations, we find a small residual error term not previously noted, which can become appreciable for elliptical satellite orbits. The results are verified by ray tracing through simple ionospheric and geomagnetic field models. The accuracy of a higher‐order bi‐local ionospheric residual error correction based on these results would be limited by the uncertainty in knowledge of the electron density and by horizontal electron density gradients along the ray paths.
Snowmelt Leads to Seasonal Nitrous Acid Formation Across Northwestern China
Authors: Wang Xinke , Zhou Yue , Li Kangwei , Pu Wei , Wang Xin , George Christian
Published: September 2022

28 snowpack samples were collected across northern Xinjiang, northwestern China in January 2018. 16 of these liquid snowmelt samples, 15 with pH < 6.8 and one with the highest nitrate anion (NO3−) concentration, were selected to investigate the photochemical gaseous nitrous acid (HONO) production rate (P(HONO)(g)), which was observed to range from 4.0 to 180.9 ppt min−1 at room temperature. Surprisingly, the ratio of HONO production rate and NO3− concentration (P(HONO)(g)/[NO3ˉ]) was significantly higher than those obtained from the photolysis of aqueous NO3− solutions with similar pH, due to the complex organic compounds present in the snowmelt samples, enhancing HONO formation or the coexistence of other photochemical HONO sources. We also found that P(HONO)(g) was highly correlated with the pH of snowmelt samples, which were significantly lower in rural/remote areas than those from urban/industrial sites, suggesting a significant influence of anthropogenic activities on pH and P(HONO)(g) of snowmelt.
Resolving Away Stratocumulus Biases in Modern Global Climate Models
Authors: Lee Hsiang‐He , Bogenschutz Peter , Yamaguchi Takanobu
Published: September 2022

Increased horizontal and vertical resolution in global atmospheric models can reduce a significant amount of the biases associated with subtropical marine stratocumulus. The sensitivity of offshore and coastal marine stratocumulus to different horizontal and vertical resolutions has been investigated by using Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) coupled with the novel Framework for Improvement by Vertical Enhancement which has been demonstrated as a viable tool to improve the representation of marine stratocumulus while saving computational cost. Our study shows that high vertical resolution is the key to improve marine stratocumulus simulations in E3SM. Concurrent horizontal and vertical resolution increases are needed for substantial overall reduction of stubborn marine stratocumulus biases over the coastal region but not necessarily in the offshore area.
Present‐Day Upper‐Mantle Architecture of the Alps: Insights From Data‐Driven Dynamic Modeling
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Cacace Mauro , Scheck‐Wenderoth Magdalena , Götze Hans‐Jürgen , Kaus Boris J. P.
Published: September 2022

The dynamics of the Alps and surrounding regions is still not completely understood, partly because of a non‐unique interpretation of its upper‐mantle architecture. In particular, it is unclear if interpreted slabs are consistent with the observed surface deformation and topography. We derive three end‐member scenarios of lithospheric thickness and slab geometries by clustering available shear‐wave tomography models into a statistical ensemble. We use these scenarios as input for geodynamic simulations and compare modeled topography, surface velocities and mantle flow to observations. We found that a slab detached beneath the Alps, but attached beneath the Northern Apennines captures first‐order patterns in topography and vertical surface velocities and can provide a causative explanation for the observed seismicity.
Winter North Atlantic SST as a Precursor of Spring Eurasian Wildfire
Authors: Meng Meng , Gong Daoyi
Published: September 2022

Boreal fires considerably influence carbon release and air quality, but its occurrence mechanisms need to be explored. This study investigated the influence of winter North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) on spring Eurasian wildfire using single value decomposition method. Two possible pathways link such time‐lag phenomena. The anomalous SST pattern in winter can persist to spring, resulting in a significant high air‐pressure anomaly over southeastern Siberia, which corresponds to less‐than‐normal precipitation and enhanced aridity conditions and the increasing wildfire risk. Meanwhile, there are simultaneously negative snow cover anomalies over southeastern Siberia during winter which is closely related to the winter SSTs. Such snow anomalies persist from winter to spring, leading to negatively anomalous soil moisture. Both pathways provide a favorable environment for wildfire activities. This study implies that the winter North Atlantic SST could be a robust driver and potential precursor for spring wildfire prediction over southeastern Siberia.
Characteristic Form and Distance in High‐Level Hierarchical Structure of Self‐Aggregated Clouds in Radiative‐Convective Equilibrium
Authors: Yanase Tomoro , Nishizawa Seiya , Miura Hiroaki , Tomita Hirofumi
Published: September 2022

The nature of convective organization remains elusive, despite its importance in understanding the role of clouds in climate systems. This study reports a new type of large‐scale structure formed by the self‐organization of deep moist atmospheric convection in radiative‐convective equilibrium. To understand the natural behavior of convection unaffected by the computational domain, we conducted cloud‐resolving simulations by systematically increasing the horizontal domain size to approximately 25,000 km. We found that if the domain side length exceeded 5,000 km, the domain‐averaged thermodynamic fields and the horizontal characteristic length converged in quasi‐equilibrium, and the cloud aggregation area exhibited a mesh‐like pattern, analogous to the shallow convective organizations despite their different scales. Its characteristic length was estimated to be approximately 3,000–4,000 km. Further work is needed to understand how convective self‐aggregation simulated without the artificial domain constraint is related to the large‐scale organization of tropical convection in the real world.
Nonlinear Electron Phase‐Space Dynamics in Spontaneous Excitation of Falling‐Tone Chorus
Authors: Wu Yifan , Tao Xin , Zonca Fulvio , Chen Liu
Published: September 2022

Whistler mode chorus, characterized by frequency chirping, is an important type of waves in planetary magnetospheres. To investigate the role of nonlinear wave particle interactions in excitation of chorus, analysis of electron phase space dynamics is required. While electron phase hole associated with rising tone chorus has been well studied, the phase space structure corresponding to falling tone chorus is less understood. Here, we investigate in detail the electron phase space dynamics in a spontaneously generated falling tone chorus with a parabolic type magnetic field, where field strength decreases away from the equator. We demonstrate the formation and evolution of electron phase space clump from downstream to upstream regions, and show that the variation of frequency chirping rate is caused by the movement of the source region. The results are consistent with the recently proposed Trap‐Release‐Amplify model, and should be useful to understand the mechanism of chorus frequency chirping.
Solid Water Melt Dominates the Increase of Total Groundwater Storage in the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zou Yiguang , Kuang Xingxing , Feng Yuqing , Jiao Jiu Jimmy , Liu Junguo , Wang Can , Fan Linfeng , Wang Qingjing , Chen Jianxin , Ji Fang , Yao Yingying , Zheng Chunmiao
Published: September 2022

Understanding how groundwater storage (GWS) responds to climate change is essential for water resources management and future water availability in the Tibetan Plateau (TP). However, the dominant factor controlling long‐term GWS changes remains unclear and its responses to climate change are not well understood. Here we combined multi‐source datasets including in‐situ measurements, satellite observations, global models, and reanalysis products to reveal that GWS increased at 5.59 ± 1.44 Gt/yr during 2003–2016 while showing spatial heterogeneities with increasing trends in northern TP and glacial regions and declining trends in central and southern TP. The accelerated transformation from solid water (glaciers, snow, and permafrost; −17.72 ± 1.53 Gt/yr) into liquid water provide more recharge to groundwater, dominating the total GWS increase. This study contributes to a better understanding of the hydrological cycle under climate change and provides key information for projecting water availability under different future scenarios in the TP.
Simple Models Outperform More Complex Big‐Leaf Models of Daily Transpiration in Forested Biomes
Authors: Bright Ryan M. , Miralles Diego G. , Poyatos Rafael , Eisner Stephanie
Published: September 2022

Transpiration makes up the bulk of total evaporation in forested environments yet remains challenging to predict at landscape‐to‐global scales. We harnessed independent estimates of daily transpiration derived from co‐located sap flow and eddy‐covariance measurement systems and applied the triple collocation technique to evaluate predictions from big leaf models requiring no calibration. In total, four models in 608 unique configurations were evaluated at 21 forested sites spanning a wide diversity of biophysical attributes and environmental backgrounds. We found that simpler models that neither explicitly represented aerodynamic forcing nor canopy conductance achieved higher accuracy and signal‐to‐noise levels when optimally configured (rRMSE = 20%; R2 = 0.89). Irrespective of model type, optimal configurations were those making use of key plant functional type dependent parameters, daily LAI, and constraints based on atmospheric moisture demand over soil moisture supply. Our findings have implications for more informed water resource management based on hydrological modeling and remote sensing.
A Model of Plate Bending at the Transition Zone From Subduction to Collision in Northernmost Manila Trench
Authors: Zhang Jiangyang , Sun Zhen , Yang Hongfeng , Zhang Fan
Published: September 2022

It is not rare to observe subduction zones transferring into collision zones. However, it is poorly understood the lateral variation in flexural deformation. Constrained by newly published seismic reflection data, we investigate the mechanical behavior of lithosphere from oceanic subduction to collision at the northern Manila trench using the 3‐D flexural modeling. Results show that both plate rigidity and the loadings increase from the Manila subduction zone to the Taiwan orogenic belt. In order to fit all observations, an upward loading was required at the transition zone from subduction to collision, which may be related to the variation of buoyancy due to density contrast of plate from south to north. The resultant maximum bending stress is consistent with the concentrated seismic activity at the southwest of Taiwan, suggesting that huge loading from the orogeny and lateral density change of subducting plate play important roles in bending and seismicity.
Whistler Waves Associated With Electron Beams in Magnetopause Reconnection Diffusion Regions
Authors: Wang Shan , Bessho Naoki , Graham Daniel B. , Le Contel Olivier , Wilder Frederick D. , Khotyaintsev Yuri V. , Genestreti Kevin J. , Lavraud Benoit , Choi Seung , Burch James L.
Published: September 2022

Whistler waves are often observed in magnetopause reconnection associated with electron beams. We analyze seven MMS crossings surrounding the electron diffusion region (EDR) to study the role of electron beams in whistler excitation. Waves have two major types: (a) Narrow‐band waves with high ellipticities and (b) broad‐band waves that are more electrostatic with significant variations in ellipticities and wave normal angles. While both types of waves are associated with electron beams, the key difference is the anisotropy of the background population, with perpendicular and parallel anisotropies, respectively. The linear instability analysis suggests that the first type of wave is mainly due to the background anisotropy, with the beam contributing additional cyclotron resonance to enhance the wave growth. The second type of broadband waves are excited via Landau resonance, and as seen in one event, the beam anisotropy induces an additional cyclotron mode. The results are supported by particle‐in‐cell simulations. We infer that the first type occurs downstream of the central EDR, where background electrons experience Betatron acceleration to form the perpendicular anisotropy; the second type occurs in the central EDR of guide field reconnection. A parametric study is conducted with linear instability analysis. A beam anisotropy alone of above ∼3 likely excites the cyclotron mode waves. Large beam drifts cause Doppler shifts and may lead to left‐hand polarizations in the ion frame. Future studies are needed to determine whether the observation covers a broader parameter regime and to understand the competition between whistler and other instabilities.
Seismic Full‐Waveform Inversion of the Crust‐Mantle Structure Beneath China and Adjacent Regions
Authors: Ma Jincheng , Bunge Hans‐Peter , Thrastarson Solvi , Fichtner Andreas , Herwaarden Dirk‐Philip van , Tian You , Chang Sung‐Joon , Liu Tingting
Published: September 2022

We present the first‐generation full‐waveform tomographic model (SinoScope 1.0) for the crust‐mantle structure beneath China and adjacent regions. The three‐component seismograms from 410 earthquakes recorded at 2,427 stations are employed in iterative gradient‐based inversions for three successively broadened period bands of 70–120 s, 50–120 s, and 30–120 s. Synthetic seismograms were computed using GPU‐accelerated spectral‐element simulations of seismic wave propagation in 3‐D anelastic models, and Fréchet derivatives were calculated based on an adjoint‐state method facilitated by a checkpointing algorithm. The inversion involved 352 iterations, which required 18,600 wavefield simulations. SinoScope 1.0 is described in terms of isotropic P‐wave (VP), horizontally and vertically polarized S‐wave velocities (VSH and VSV), and mass density (ρ), which are independently constrained with the same data set coupled with a stochastic L‐BFGS quasi‐Newton optimization scheme. It systematically reduced differences between observed and synthetic full‐length seismograms. We performed a detailed resolution analysis by repairing input random parametric perturbations, indicating that resolution lengths can approach the half propagated wavelength within the well‐covered areas. SinoScope 1.0 reveals strong lateral heterogeneities in the lithosphere, and features correlate well with geological observations, such as sedimentary basins, Holocene volcanoes, Tibetan Plateau, Philippine Sea Plate, and various tectonic units. The asthenosphere lies below the lithosphere beneath East and Southeast Asia, bounded by subduction trenches and cratonic blocks. Furthermore, we observe an enhanced image of well‐known slabs along strongly curved subduction zones, which do not exist in the initial model.
Early Miocene Intensification of the North African Hydrological Cycle: Multi‐Proxy Evidence From the Shelf Carbonates of Malta
Authors: Zammit R. , Lear C. H. , Samankassou E. , Lourens L. J. , Micallef A. , Pearson P. N. , Bialik O. M.
Published: September 2022

During the Miocene (23.0–5.3 Ma) North Africa experienced both humid and arid intervals, but the underlying cause of these transitions is unknown. Earth's climate was characterized by a unipolar icehouse with a dynamic Antarctic ice sheet, which may have influenced regional hydrology through atmospheric teleconnections. However, the Miocene also witnessed the restriction of the Mesopotamian Seaway, which may have had significant climatic impacts. The Maltese il‐Blata section (Central Mediterranean) comprises Late Oligocene to Early Miocene marine deposits previously used to constrain the timing of the Mesopotamian Seaway restriction using the εNd tracer. The location of this section also makes it sensitive to climatic changes in the North African region, and biogeochemical changes in the central Mediterranean. Here, we present lithological and geochemical records of the il‐Blata section. We find a marked shift in lithology and an increase in sedimentation rate coeval with the Early Miocene (∼19–20 Ma) restriction of the Mesopotamian Seaway. Concomitant changes in bulk sediment CaCO3, Sr/Ca, K/Al, Ti/Al, Zr/Al, and Si/Ti support a major humid climate transition and associated intensification of river systems over western North Africa. We propose that these changes in North African hydroclimate reflect either a tipping point effect in a gradually warming global climate, or are the result of the initial restriction of the Mesopotamian Seaway, perhaps through consequent changes in Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and the West African Monsoon. We also suggest the restriction of the Mesopotamian Seaway inhibited phosphorite deposition at low latitudes.
Functions and underlying mechanisms of lncRNA HOTAIR in cancer chemotherapy resistance
Authors: Zhu Chunming , Wang Xia , Wang Yuan , Wang Kefeng
Published: September 2022

Chemotherapy has been one of the most important treatments for advanced cancer in recent decades. Although the sensitivity rate of initial chemotherapy is high, patients with chemotherapy resistant tumors, experience tumor recurrence. In recent years, many studies have shown that homeobox transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) is involved in many pathological processes including carcinogenesis. The abnormal regulation of a variety of cell functions by HOTAIR, such as apoptosis, the cell cycle, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, autophagy, self-renewal, and metabolism, is associated with chemotherapy resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the biology and mechanism underlying the role of HOTAIR in tumor behavior and its potential as a biomarker for predicting the effect of chemotherapy. In this manuscript, we review the mechanisms underlying HOTAIR-related drug resistance and discuss the limitations of current knowledge and propose potential future directions.
Prevalence of hereditary tubulointerstitial kidney diseases in the German Chronic Kidney Disease study
Authors: Popp Bernt , Ekici Arif B. , Knaup Karl X. , Schneider Karen , Uebe Steffen , Park Jonghun , Bafna Vineet , Meiselbach Heike , Eckardt Kai-Uwe , Schiffer Mario , Reis André , Kraus Cornelia , Wiesener Michael
Published: September 2022

Hereditary chronic kidney disease (CKD) appears to be more frequent than the clinical perception. Exome sequencing (ES) studies in CKD cohorts could identify pathogenic variants in ~10% of individuals. Tubulointerstitial kidney diseases, showing no typical clinical/histologic finding but tubulointerstitial fibrosis, are particularly difficult to diagnose. We used a targeted panel (29 genes) and MUC1-SNaPshot to sequence 271 DNAs, selected in defined disease entities and age cutoffs from 5217 individuals in the German Chronic Kidney Disease cohort. We identified 33 pathogenic variants. Of these 27 (81.8%) were in COL4A3/4/5, the largest group being 15 COL4A5 variants with nine unrelated individuals carrying c.1871G>A, p.(Gly624Asp). We found three cysteine variants in UMOD, a novel missense and a novel splice variant in HNF1B and the homoplastic MTTF variant m.616T>C. Copy-number analysis identified a heterozygous COL4A5 deletion, and a HNF1B duplication/deletion, respectively. Overall, pathogenic variants were present in 12.5% (34/271) and variants of unknown significance in 9.6% (26/271) of selected individuals. Bioinformatic predictions paired with gold standard diagnostics for MUC1 (SNaPshot) could not identify the typical cytosine duplication (“c.428dupC”) in any individual, implying that ADTKD-MUC1 is rare. Our study shows that >10% of selected individuals carry disease-causing variants in genes partly associated with tubulointerstitial kidney diseases. COL4A3/4/5 genes constitute the largest fraction, implying they are regularly overlooked using clinical Alport syndrome criteria and displaying the existence of phenocopies. We identified variants easily missed by some ES pipelines. The clinical filtering criteria applied enriched for an underlying genetic disorder.
The renoprotective effect of esaxerenone independent of blood pressure lowering: a post hoc mediation analysis of the ESAX-DN trial
Authors: Okuda Yasuyuki , Ito Sadayoshi , Kashihara Naoki , Shikata Kenichi , Nangaku Masaomi , Wada Takashi , Sawanobori Tomoko , Taguri Masataka
Published: September 2022

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are recommended as first-line drugs for hypertension with diabetic nephropathy owing to their renoprotective effect; however, their effect beyond lowering blood pressure (BP) has not been confirmed. Recent studies have shown that aldosterone plays a key role in causing renal injury; therefore, it is likely that mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) blockers inhibit aldosterone-induced renal damage in different ways from ACE inhibitors and ARBs. Therefore, we investigated the mechanism of the effect of an MR blocker on reducing the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) using data from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study (ESAX-DN) of a new nonsteroidal MR blocker, esaxerenone. This post hoc analysis used a novel statistical method to quantitatively estimate the effect of esaxerenone on UACR reduction mediated, or not mediated, by changes in systolic BP (SBP) and/or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The proportion of the mediated effect by SBP changes to the total effect on UACR reduction was 9.8–10.7%; the UACR was reduced to 0.903–0.911 times the baseline at the end of treatment through the SBP-related pathway and to 0.422–0.426 times the baseline through the non-SBP-related pathway. Even considering both SBP and eGFR simultaneously, the proportion of the mediated effect was 21.9–28.1%. These results confirm that esaxerenone has a direct UACR-lowering effect independent of BP lowering and that its magnitude is much larger than that of the BP-dependent effect. Thus, esaxerenone could be a UACR-reducing treatment option for patients with diabetic nephropathy.
Basal ganglia engagement during REM sleep movements in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Verma Ajay K. , Acosta Lenis Sergio Francisco , Aman Joshua E. , Sanabria David Escobar , Wang Jing , Pearson Amy , Hill Meghan , Patriat Remi , Schrock Lauren E. , Cooper Scott E. , Park Michael C. , Harel Noam , Howell Michael J. , MacKinnon Colum D. , Vitek Jerrold L. , Johnson Luke A.
Published: September 2022

To elucidate the role of the basal ganglia during REM sleep movements in Parkinson’s disease (PD) we recorded pallidal neural activity from four PD patients. Unlike desynchronization commonly observed during wakeful movements, beta oscillations (13–35 Hz) synchronized during REM sleep movements; furthermore, high-frequency oscillations (150–350 Hz) synchronized during movement irrespective of sleep-wake states. Our results demonstrate differential engagement of the basal ganglia during REM sleep and awake movements.
A test-retest resting, and cognitive state EEG dataset during multiple subject-driven states
Authors: Wang Yulin , Duan Wei , Dong Debo , Ding Lihong , Lei Xu
Published: September 2022

Here we present a test-retest dataset of electroencephalogram (EEG) acquired at two resting (eyes open and eyes closed) and three subject-driven cognitive states (memory, music, subtraction) with both short-term (within 90 mins) and long-term (one-month apart) designs. 60 participants were recorded during three EEG sessions. Each session includes EEG and behavioral data along with rich samples of behavioral assessments testing demographic, sleep, emotion, mental health and the content of self-generated thoughts (mind wandering). This data enables the investigation of both intra- and inter-session variability not only limited to electrophysiological changes, but also including alterations in resting and cognitive states, at high temporal resolution. Also, this dataset is expected to add contributions to the reliability and validity of EEG measurements with open resource.
A georeferenced rRNA amplicon database of aquatic microbiomes from South America
Authors: Metz Sebastian , Huber Paula , Mateus-Barros Erick , Junger Pedro C. , de Melo Michaela , Bagatini Inessa Lacativa , Izaguirre Irina , Câmara dos Reis Mariana , Llames Maria E. , Accattatis Victoria , Quiroga María Victoria , Devercelli Melina , Schiaffino María Romina , Niño-García Juan Pablo , Bastidas Navarro Marcela , Modenutti Beatriz , Vieira Helena , Saraceno Martin , Sabio y García Carmen Alejandra , Pereira Emiliano , González-Revello Alvaro , Piccini Claudia , Unrein Fernando , Alonso Cecilia , Sarmento Hugo
Published: September 2022

The biogeography of bacterial communities is a key topic in Microbial Ecology. Regarding continental water, most studies are carried out in the northern hemisphere, leaving a gap on microorganism’s diversity patterns on a global scale. South America harbours approximately one third of the world’s total freshwater resources, and is one of these understudied regions. To fill this gap, we compiled 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data of microbial communities across South America continental water ecosystems, presenting the first database µSudAqua[db]. The database contains over 866 georeferenced samples from 9 different ecoregions with contextual environmental information. For its integration and validation we constructed a curated database (µSudAqua[db.sp]) using samples sequenced by Illumina MiSeq platform with commonly used prokaryote universal primers. This comprised ~60% of the total georeferenced samples of the µSudAqua[db]. This compilation was carried out in the scope of the µSudAqua collaborative network and represents one of the most complete databases of continental water microbial communities from South America.
N addition alters growth, non-structural carbohydrates, and C:N:P stoichiometry of Reaumuria soongorica seedlings in Northwest China
Authors: Xie Tingting , Shan Lishan , Zhang Wanting
Published: September 2022

Reaumuria soongorica is an important biological barrier for ecological protection in the Gobi Desert in northwestern China, where soil nitrogen availability is low. N deposition has recently increased significantly in Gobi Desert, and the responses of R. soongorica to N enrichment may become a problem for ecological restoration and protection. However, little is known about the effects of N addition on the biomass, non-structural carbohydrates (NSC), and carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus (C:N:P) stoichiometry of R. soongorica in this region. Here, we examined changes in biomass, NSC and C:N:P ratios of different organs of R. soongorica seedlings in four N addition treatments: 0 (N0), 4.6 (N1), 9.2 (N2), and 13.8 (N3) g m−2 year−1. N addition up to 9.2 g m−2 year−1 significantly increased the biomass of different organs, simultaneously increasing the belowground: aboveground ratio of R. soongorica seedlings. Root NSC concentrations significantly increased under all N addition treatments, but leaf and stem NSC concentrations only increased under the N1 and N2 addition treatments. Nitrogen addition enhanced the soluble sugar concentrations (SSC) of leaves and roots, and reduced starch concentrations (SC) of all organs. Stem and root N concentrations significantly increased under the N2 and N3 treatments, and leaf N concentrations only increased under the N3 treatment, but N addition had no significant effect on plant C and P concentrations. Leaf and stem C:N ratios decreased significantly under the N2 and N3 treatments, but root C:N decreased significantly in all N addition treatments. The N3 treatment significantly increased the N:P ratio of all organs. N addition significantly enhanced available N (AN), available P (AP) and total phosphorus (TP) in rhizosphere soil. Our results suggest that N addition alters the biomass, NSC, N concentrations, C:N and N:P ratios of all plant organs, but roots responded more strongly than stems or leaves to N addition, potentially allowing the plants to absorb more water from the arid soil in this region ensuring the survival of R. soongorica seedlings. Rhizosphere soil AP, AN and TP concentrations were important factors affecting the NSC concentrations and stoichiometric characteristics of R. soongorica.
Neural network training method for materials science based on multi-source databases
Authors: Guo Jialong , Chen Ziyi , Liu Zhiwei , Li Xianwei , Xie Zhiyuan , Wang Zongguo , Wang Yangang
Published: September 2022

The fourth paradigm of science has achieved great success in material discovery and it highlights the sharing and interoperability of data. However, most material data are scattered among various research institutions, and a big data transmission will consume significant bandwidth and tremendous time. At the meanwhile, some data owners prefer to protect the data and keep their initiative in the cooperation. This dilemma gradually leads to the “data island” problem, especially in material science. To attack the problem and make full use of the material data, we propose a new strategy of neural network training based on multi-source databases. In the whole training process, only model parameters are exchanged and no any external access or connection to the local databases. We demonstrate its validity by training a model characterizing material structure and its corresponding formation energy, based on two and four local databases, respectively. The results show that the obtained model accuracy trained by this method is almost the same to that obtained from a single database combining all the local ones. Moreover, different communication frequencies between the client and server are also studied to improve the model training efficiency, and an optimal frequency is recommended.
FDG-PET/CT imaging parameters for predicting spontaneous regression of methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Kameda Tomohiro , Nakashima Shusaku , Mitamura Katsuya , Yamamoto Yuka , Norikane Takashi , Shimada Hiromi , Wakiya Risa , Kato Mikiya , Miyagi Taichi , Sugihara Koichi , Mino Rina , Mizusaki Mao , Kadowaki Norimitsu , Dobashi Hiroaki
Published: September 2022

In this study, we investigated the usefulness of FDG-PET/CT for predicting spontaneous regression in methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder (MTX-LPD). Twenty patients with rheumatoid arthritis who were diagnosed with MTX-LPD were enrolled in the study. These patients were divided into those who showed spontaneous regression (SR group: ten patients) and those who received chemotherapy after discontinuation of MTX (CTx group: ten patients). Between-group differences in potential biomarkers were compared, including clinical markers at the onset of LPD [serum LDH and interleukin 2 receptor (sIL-2R)], change in absolute number of peripheral lymphocytes (ΔALC) over follow-up, and the FDG-PET/CT-derived parameters of maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), mean SUV (SUVmean), peak SUV (SUVpeak), sum of the metabolic tumor volume (MTVsum), and sum of total lesion glycolysis (TLGsum). The levels of sIL-2R, MTVsum, and TLGsum were significantly lower in the SR group than in the CTx group. In addition, ΔALC was higher in the SR group. In conclusion, MTV and TLG values measured by FDG-PET/CT may be suitable for use as predictors of SR in patients with MTX-LPD.
Impact of autologous HSCT on the quality of life and fatigue in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis
Authors: Giedraitiene N. , Gasciauskaite G. , Kaubrys G.
Published: September 2022

In this study, we aimed to assess the quality of life, fatigue, anxiety, and depression after Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) and to investigate its impact of on separate domains of health status and fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Overall, 18 patients with highly active relapsing MS (mean age 36.3 years, 83.3% female) underwent the AHSCT in Vilnius Multiple Sclerosis center, and we prospectively collected Short Form 36, Health Survey Questionnaire, Fatigue Descriptive Scale, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale beforeand Month3, 12, and 24 after AHSCT. The median score of Expanded Disability Status Scale at Month3 after transplant improved in 14 patients (77.8%). A significant improvement in physical functioning, vitality, and pain was found at Month3 after AHSCT (p < 0.05), which was sustained until Month12 and 24. The improvement in fatigue score was found at Month12 after AHSCT, which was sustained until Month24. Decrease in EDSS score had a positive impact on the better HRQoL outcomes, especially physical and social outcomes. Thus, AHSCT improved quality of life and reduced symptoms of fatigue in patients with highly active relapsing MS. The improvement was determined earlier in the domains of QoL than in the fatigue.
Detection of urban trees sensitivity to air pollution using physiological and biochemical leaf traits in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Dadkhah-Aghdash Hamed , Rasouli Milad , Rasouli Kabir , Salimi Azam
Published: September 2022

The increased population in megacities has recently exacerbated the need to combat air pollution. This study examined the concept that the sensitivity and tolerance of urban plant species to air pollution might be used to determine Tehran, Iran's air quality and obtain suitable urban greening. The air pollution tolerance index (APTI) was derived using the total chlorophyll, relative water content, pH, and ascorbic acid content of leaf extract fromMorus alba,Ailanthus altissima, andSalix babylonicatrees as an indicator of the sensitivity and tolerance of urban plant species.A. altissimaandS. babylonica, with APTI values of 11.15 and 11.08, respectively, were sensitive to air pollution and can be employed as bioindicators, whereasM. alba, with an APTI value of 14.08, exhibited moderate resistance to air pollution and is therefore recommended for urban planting. Furthermore, the content of enzymatic and non-enzymatic parameters (carotenoid, phenol, and flavonoids) and proline concentration in the polluted seasons and sites (3 and 4) have been increased inM. alba. Collectively, we expect our findings to contribute to the rapidly growing body of research aiming to find a suitable urban greening for a wide range of polluted megacities.
A rapid and simple electrochemical detection of the free drug concentration in human serum using boron-doped diamond electrodes
Authors: Moriyama Hideto , Ogata Genki , Nashimoto Haruma , Sawamura Seishiro , Furukawa Yoshiaki , Hibino Hiroshi , Kusuhara Hiroyuki , Einaga Yasuaki
Published: September 2022

Monitoring drug concentration in blood and reflecting this in the dosage are crucial for safe and effective drug treatment.
Characterization of glycerophospholipids at multiple isomer levels via Mn(ii)-catalyzed epoxidation
Authors: Chen Xi , Tang Shuli , Freitas Dallas , Hirtzel Erin , Cheng Heyong , Yan Xin
Published: September 2022

A novel and bifunctional derivatization method utilizing Mn(ii)-catalyzed epoxidation simultaneously identifies lipid CC bond- and sn-positional isomers.
Aptamer-engineered extended-gate field-effect transistor device for point-of-care therapeutic drug monitoring
Authors: Zhang Mengyang , He Junqing , Zheng Youbin , Shi Guoyue , Zhang Min
Published: September 2022

A portable point-of-care testing (POCT) device based on an aptamer-engineered extended-gate field-effect transistor (EG-FET) was unveiled for therapeutic monitoring of the drug methotrexate.
Methyltetrazine as a small live-cell compatible bioorthogonal handle for imaging enzyme activities in situ
Authors: Torres-García Diana , van de Plassche Merel A. T. , van Boven Emma , van Leeuwen Tyrza , Groenewold Mirjam G. J. , Sarris Alexi J. C. , Klein Luuk , Overkleeft Herman S. , van Kasteren Sander I.
Published: September 2022

Bioorthogonal chemistry combines well with activity-based protein profiling, as it allows for the introduction of detection tags without significantly influencing the physiochemical and biological functions of the probe.
UiO-66 metal organic frameworks with high contents of flexible adipic acid co-linkers
Authors: Tan Tristan T. Y. , Li Xin , Otake Ken-ichi , Tan Ying Chuan , Loh Xian Jun , Kitagawa Susumu , Lim Jason Y. C.
Published: September 2022

Convenient one-pot synthesis of UiO-66 MOFs containing an unprecedentedly-high adipic acid content is reported, allowing facile linker thermolysis for defect engineering.
Growth, replication and division enable evolution of coacervate protocells
Authors: Slootbeek Annemiek D. , van Haren Merlijn H. I. , Smokers Iris B. A. , Spruijt Evan
Published: September 2022

In this Feature Article, we analyze how a minimal cell cycle of growth, replication of genetic information and division could be realized in coacervate protocells. This would allow such primitive cells to undergo evolution at the origins of life.
Microcracking of Ni-rich layered oxide does not occur at single crystal primary particles even abused at 4.7 V
Authors: Homlamai Kan , Anansuksawat Nichakarn , Joraleechanchai Nattanon , Chiochan Poramane , Sangsanit Thitiphum , Tejangkura Worapol , Maihom Thana , Limtrakul Jumras , Sawangphruk Montree
Published: September 2022

There is a controversial issue based on the particle cracking of the Ni-rich layered oxide cathode materials whether it occurs at the primary particles or the grain boundary.
Ce-induced regulation of electron density enhanced the catalytic activity of Co-Mn oxides for water oxidation
Authors: Wang Wang , Hu Youcheng , Chen Shengli
Published: September 2022

Ce regulates the electron density of Co-Mn oxides and boosts their catalytic activity for water oxidation.
High-pressure, high-temperature synthesis of nanostructured polydiphenylbutadiyne confined in the 1-dimensional pores of single crystal AlPO4-54
Authors: Fabbiani Marco , Romi Sebastiano , Alabarse Frederico , Celeste Anna , Capitani Francesco , Borondics Ferenc , Sandt Christophe , Contreras Sylvie , Konczewicz Leszek , Rouquette Jérôme , Santoro Mario , Haines Julien
Published: September 2022

Diphenylbutadiyne was inserted and polymerized in porous AlPO4-54 single crystals under high temperature, high pressure conditions to form a confined, nanostructured π-conjugated polymer.
Capabilities and limits of autoencoders for extracting collective variables in atomistic materials science
Authors: Baima Jacopo , Goryaeva Alexandra M. , Swinburne Thomas D. , Maillet Jean-Bernard , Nastar Maylise , Marinica Mihai-Cosmin
Published: September 2022

We explore the performance and applicability range of AutoEncoder neural networks, coupled with Adaptive Biasing Force, in computing free energy barriers at finite temperature for defect processes in materials.
Aggregation and support effects in the oxidation of fluxional atomic metal clusters. The paradigmatic Cu5 case
Authors: Garrido-Aldea Jaime , de Lara-Castells María Pilar
Published: September 2022

The influence of aggregation and a chemically carbon-based support are anayzed for the interaction of fluxional Cu5 clusters with environmental O2 molecules.
Nanoconfinement effects on water in narrow graphene-based slit pores as revealed by THz spectroscopy
Authors: Ruiz-Barragan Sergi , Sebastiani Federico , Schienbein Philipp , Abraham Jijo , Schwaab Gerhard , Nair Rahul R. , Havenith Martina , Marx Dominik
Published: September 2022

Using experimental and theoretical THz spectroscopy, nanoconfinement effects on the H-bond network of water nanoconfined in graphene-based two-dimensional pores are elucidated, such as the distinct resonances due to intralayer and interlayer H-bonds.
Short-range ENDOR distance measurements between Gd(iii) and trifluoromethyl labels in proteins
Authors: Judd Martyna , Abdelkader Elwy H. , Qi Mian , Harmer Jeffrey R. , Huber Thomas , Godt Adelheid , Savitsky Anton , Otting Gottfried , Cox Nicholas
Published: September 2022

Using Gd3+ paramagnetic and trifluoro nuclear tags allows measuring 10–20 Å distances in proteins with improved sensitivity and faster accumulation.
A wear-resistant silicon nano-spherical AFM probe for robust nanotribological studies
Authors: Uzoma Paul C. , Ding Xiaolei , Wen Xiaolei , Zhang Lansheng , Penkov Oleksiy V. , Hu Huan
Published: September 2022

A newly designed silicon nano-spherical tip was shown to exhibit improved elastic modulus, good hardness, and wear resistance which make it suitable for performing nanoscale friction tests.
Lower thermal conductivity of body centered cubic carbon (C14): a comparative study with diamond
Authors: Gao Peng , Chen Xihao , Li Jiwen , Wang Ning , Tang Hua , Meng Xiang , Liu Zonghang , Guo Donglin , Tan Yuebin , Zhu Guangyu , Zhai Fuqiang
Published: September 2022

The novel carbon material, C14, shows considerable potential for heat transport materials design.
Correction: Enhanced photoluminescence stability and internal defect evolution of the all-inorganic lead-free CsEuCl3 perovskite nanocrystals
Authors: Gao Yalei , Zhang Tao , Liu Jun , Liu Hongjun , Li Meixian , Liu Fuchi , Kong Wenjie , Lv Fengzhen , Yang Yong , Long Lizhen
Published: September 2022

Correction for ‘Enhanced photoluminescence stability and internal defect evolution of the all-inorganic lead-free CsEuCl3 perovskite nanocrystals’ by Yalei Gao et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2022, 24, 18860–18867, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CP01374F.
Correction: Optimisation of 1H PMLG homonuclear decoupling at 60 kHz MAS to enable 15N–1H through-bond heteronuclear correlation solid-state NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Tognetti Jacqueline , Franks W. Trent , Lewandowski Józef R. , Brown Steven P.
Published: September 2022

Correction for ‘Optimisation of 1H PMLG homonuclear decoupling at 60 kHz MAS to enable 15N–1H through-bond heteronuclear correlation solid-state NMR spectroscopy’ by Jacqueline Tognetti et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2022, 24, 20258–20273, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CP01041K.
One pot three component synthesis of DNA targeting phototoxic Ru(ii)-p-cymene dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine analogues
Authors: Kar Binoy , Paira Priyankar
Published: September 2022

We have developed a one pot three component synthetic protocol for half-sandwich Ru(ii)-p-cymene dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine analogues for selective cancer therapy under light irradiation.
Pinpointing basic sites formed upon incorporation of iron in hierarchical SAPO-11 using catalytic model reactions
Authors: Ali Daniel , Li Zhihui , Azim Muhammad Mohsin , Lein Hilde Lea , Mathisen Karina
Published: September 2022

The vapor phase isomerization of cyclohexanone oxime and methanol-to-hydrocarbons model reactions were utilized to pinpoint the pore topology and topological location of Fe3+ isomorphously substituted into the mesopores of a hierarchical SAPO-11.
Guest water hinders sodium-ion diffusion in low-defect Berlin green cathode material
Authors: Ojwang Dickson O. , Häggström Lennart , Ericsson Tore , Mogensen Ronnie , Brant William R.
Published: September 2022

Removal of H2O from BG significantly improves the cycling stability. The least hydrated electrode has the fastest DNa+ of 7.30 × 10−12 cm2 s−1 and capacity of ∼60 mA h g−1, compared to 2.92 × 10−12 cm2 s−1 and ∼40 mA h g−1 for the more hydrated one.
Thermal and photoinduced electron transfer reactions of phthalocyanine complexes of Zn(ii) and Cu(ii) in acetonitrile
Authors: Okawa Yui , Endo Kousuke , Hakamata Yukihiko , Watanabe Shingo , Yokoyama Aika , Sugimori Tamotsu , Takagi Hideo D. , Inamo Masahiko
Published: September 2022

Kinetics of the electron transfer reaction was studied for Zn(ii) and Cu(ii) phthalocyanine complexes. The fast electron self-exchange reactions are consistent with small reorganization energies in the ligand-centred redox reactions.