bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterizing Behavioral Effects of Early-Life Stress in an Animal Model of Auditory Processing
Authors: Hardy KA , Rybolt S , Patel B , Dye R , Rosen MJ
Published: December 2024

Animal models provide significant insight into the development of typical and disordered sensory processing. Such models have been established to take advantage of physical and behavioral characteristics of specific species. For example, the Mongolian gerbil is a well-established model for auditory processing, with a hearing range similar in frequency to that of humans and an easily accessible cochlea. Recently, early-life stress (ELS) has been shown to affect sensory processing in auditory, visual, and somatosensory neural regions. To understand the functional impact of ELS, it is necessary to evaluate the susceptibility of sensory perceptual abilities to this early perturbation. Yet measuring sensory perception – e.g., using operant conditioning – often concurrently involves animal behavioral elements such as attention, memory, learning, and emotion. All of these elements are well-known to be impacted by ELS, and may affect behavioral measurements in ways that could be misconstrued as sensory deficits. Thus, it is critical to characterize which behavioral elements are affected by ELS in any sensory model. Here we induced ELS during a developmental time window for maturation of the auditory cortex in Mongolian gerbils. We conducted behavioral measures in juveniles, a developmental age when ELS is known to impair the auditory pathway. ELS had no effect on overall activity but reduced anxiety-related behavior, impaired recognition memory, and improved spatial memory, with some sex-specific effects. These effects may influence the ability of gerbils to learn and retain operant training, particularly if anxiety-provoking reinforcement is used.
Macroeconomic determinants of housing demand in Saudi Arabia: an autoregressive distributed lag approach
Authors: Akinwale Yusuf Opeyemi , Oladapo Ibrahim Abiodun , Olaopa Olawale Rafiu , Gabbori Dina
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the macroeconomic factors influencing housing demand in Saudi Arabia using quarterly data for the period 2010 Q1–2024 Q2.

Design/methodology/approach

The autoregressive distributed lag bounds test and vector error correction model are used to determine the dynamic relationship between the macroeconomic factors.

Findings

The results reveal that the F-statistic value of 4.2043 is higher than the upper bound of the critical values at 5% level of significance, indicating long-run association among the series. While there is a negative and significant influence of interest and inflation rates on housing demand, income per capita and population have a positive and significant influence on housing demand. Similar result is found for the short run analysis except income per capita which has positive but insignificant impact. Moreso, the population seems to be very crucial to housing demand in both short-run and long-run periods.

Social implications

The outcome of the study has important policy implications by enjoining the policymakers in Saudi Arabia to consider a decisive management of monetary and fiscal policies to ensure that inflation and interest rates for housing are kept at a low level to encourage housing demand. Also, adequate policies should be put in place to ensure housing/property affordability that matches the increasing population due to tourism, urbanisation and growing birth rate.

Originality/value

Studies on the macroeconomic determinants of housing demand are less explored as most studies dwell more on social and demographic factors despite the importance of macroeconomic factors towards house ownerships. There is a dearth of related studies in Saudi Arabia.
How streamer credibility affects viewers’ willingness to pay for online games: a social identity perspective
Authors: Kubat Dokumacı Umut
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This paper proposes a structural model that explores the relationship between game/esports streamers’ credibility dimensions and viewers’ willingness to spend money (WTP) on online games. The study seeks to uncover the underlying mechanisms in this relationship by drawing on the source credibility model, social identity theory and S-O-R framework.

Design/methodology/approach

The study utilized an online survey conducted through Qualtrics survey software to validate the proposed framework. The sample (N = 612) consisted of viewers of a Turkish esports live streamer with a substantial following on both Twitch and YouTube. The main research framework was tested using AMOS 22, and the serial mediation analyses were done using Process v3.0 on SPSS.

Findings

The findings of this study are significant, revealing that streamer credibility (SC) factors – trustworthiness, attractiveness and expertise – have a profound impact on the response variables purchase intention (PI) and WTP through streamer identification (STI). Moreover, the study uncovers that the time spent watching the streamer significantly influences WTP for games, a crucial insight for the gaming industry.

Practical implications

By bridging the realms of social identity theory and the source credibility model within the context of game streaming, this study charts new territory in understanding the intricate web of factors shaping consumer behaviour in live-stream gaming environments. It highlights the multifaceted nature of viewer-streamer interactions and their implications for marketers and industry stakeholders seeking to navigate the expanding landscape of live stream commerce.

Originality/value

This paper offers a novel structural framework that synthesizes multiple perspectives to investigate the relationship between esports streamers’ credibility and viewers’ spending behaviour. By incorporating concepts from the source credibility model, social identity theory and S-O-R framework, the study not only expands upon existing theories of identity in the streaming domain but also provides a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing consumer behaviour in online gaming environments.
The joint effect of earnings management and efficiency of cash management on firms’ financial well-being: evidence from Egypt
Authors: Hessian Mohamed
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the association between earnings management and the efficiency of cash management as well as the extent to which this relationship affects a firm’s financial well-being (FWB).

Design/methodology/approach

Using fixed-effects models and quarterly financial statements of 178 nonfinancial firms, this study analyzes 3,376 firm-quarter observations listed on the Egyptian stock market from 2005 to 2019.

Findings

The empirical findings suggest that optimal cash holdings and cash holding excess increase with lower real earnings management (REM) of operating activities or higher accrual earnings management (AEM). This relationship positively impacts firms’ FWB but is negatively influenced by REM.

Research limitations/implications

This study’s findings have two key implications for standards regulators and decision-makers. First, the study reveals the link between opportunistic earnings management and cash management, emphasizing the need for stricter oversight in corporate governance to prevent risky long-term decisions. Furthermore, these findings suggest that regulators, specifically in emerging markets, should proactively develop policies to limit earnings management. Second, this study demonstrates how accounting discretion affects both earnings management and short-term working capital management, underscoring the potential erosion of stakeholders’ confidence when financial statements are misleading.

Originality/value

This study examines the impact of sales manipulation and overproduction on cash holdings. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is also the first study to explore how managerial discretion over both earnings and excess cash holdings influences a firm’s FWB. This study provides new empirical evidence of the joint effects of managerial opportunism in earnings and cash management on a firm’s financial health.
Board governance drivers of corporate sustainability levels in private firms: evidence from Sweden
Authors: Huq Asif M. , Cieślak Katarzyna , Sundberg Klas
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether board composition affects corporate sustainability (CS) levels in private firms. Additionally, the study examines a potential interplay between CS levels and CS reporting, and the impact of EU Directive 2014 / 95/EU (Non-Financial Reporting Directive [NFRD]) on resources spent on CS.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors surveyed the chief executive officers (CEOs), chief financial officers (CFOs) and Environment Officers of Swedish private firms subject to NFRD, receiving 149 valid responses (a response rate 24%). The authors coded the responses using van Marrewijk and Werre’s (2003) CS levels framework. The levels are Pre-CS, Compliance-driven, Profit-driven, Caring, Synergistic and Holistic. The study then explained the CS levels with board characteristics.

Findings

While on average the sample firms have a profit-driven CS level, the authors find that CS level is positively driven by female Chairs, female CEOs and external CEOs. Early voluntary reporting before NFRD does not explain the CS level. On adoption of the NFRD, mandatory reporters increased resources spent on CS activities and CS reporting more than early voluntary-reporters. Nonetheless, slightly over half of the sample firms reported no significant impact of the NFRD on resources spent on CS.

Practical implications

The findings may be useful for stakeholders interested in corporate governance and CS levels. Also, the findings support further regulation such as EU Directive 2022/2464 (Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive [CSRD]).

Social implications

In private firms, female leaders are likely to play a significant role in driving altruistically motivated CS practices.

Originality/value

The focus is on private firms in Sweden which, unlike those in other jurisdictions, were subject to NFRD. Methodologically, the use of a survey provides an alternative to the previous heavy reliance on archival research.
Effect of base slab mass and number of rubber layers on base isolation system performance in enhancing building dynamic response
Authors: Abid Mohamed Amine , El Janous Soumaya , El Ghoulbzouri Abdelouafi
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Traditional designs might not withstand earthquake forces adequately, potentially leading to structural damage. This paper aims to examine the impact of varying the base slab mass and the number of rubber layers in isolators on the performance of isolation systems to improve the seismic performance of buildings.

Design/methodology/approach

The isolated structure is modeled as a two-degree of freedom system, and its corresponding equation of motion is established. Displacement expressions for the base slab and roof are derived using the mode superposition method.

Findings

A base isolation system improves the buildings’ behavior, particularly when higher rubber layer numbers and a heavier base slab are assumed. At an excitation frequency of 8 rad/s, an increase in the rubber layer numbers from 9 to 11 led to a 30% reduction in relative displacement. At an excitation frequency of 6 rad/s, a 40% reduction in relative displacement was observed passing from a base slab mass (mb) of 7.5 tons with damping ratios of 12% and 10% in the first and second modes to a mass (mb) of 30 tons with lower damping ratios of 9.5% and 4.2%.

Originality/value

The high damping ratio in the isolation mode significantly increases the damping ratio of the fixed-base building. However, higher damping ratios in the first and second modes do not necessarily lead to better seismic performance. Besides, an increase in the base slab mass and the number of rubber layers enhances the dynamic response of the isolated structure by shifting its fundamental frequency away from the excitation frequency.
Unraveling the Genetic Basis of Congenital Limb Anomalies in Eight Families
Authors: Khan Inam Ullah , Abdullah  , Khan Hammal , Ali Amjad , Sani Ayesha , Khan Fati Ullah , Ullah Muhammad Tahir , Ahmed Sohail , Liaqat Romana , Haider Awais , Ullah Kifayat , Ullah Naseeb , Khan Muhammad Sajid , Hussain Shabir , Ullah Imran , Ullah Asmat , Anees Mariam , Makitie Outi , Ahmad Wasim
Published: December 2024

Limb abnormalities are the second most frequent birth defects seen in infants, after congenital heart disease. Over the past 150 years, more than 50 classifications for limb malformations based on morphology and osseous anatomy have been presented. The goal of the current study is to investigate the genetic basis of congenital limb abnormalities in the Pakistani population. Eight families, presenting different forms of limb anomalies, including syndactyly, polydactyly, synpolydactyly, and ectrodactyly in an autosomal dominant manner, were genetically and clinically investigated. Whole exome sequencing followed by Sanger sequencing was used to search for the disease‐causing variants. Sequence analysis revealed five novel variants in LMBR1, GJA1, HOXD13, and TP63 and three previously reported variants in GJA1 and HOXD13. This study expanded the mutation spectrum in the identified genes and will also help in improved diagnosis of the limb anomalies in the local population.
Embryonic Lethality, Juvenile Growth Variation, and Adult Sterility Correlate With Phylogenetic Distance of Danionin Hybrids
Authors: Trevena Ryan L. , Veire Benton M. , Chamberlain Trevor J. , Moravec Cara E. , Pelegri Francisco
Published: December 2024

Hybrid incompatibility, which plays a pivotal role in speciation, is expected to correlate with greater phylogenetic distance. Here, we investigate the fitness of interspecies hybrids within the Danionin subfamily, which includes the model species, Danio rerio, and its relatives ‐ Danio kyathit, Danio albolineatus, Danio margaritatus, and Devario aequipinnatus. We generated hybrids through in vitro fertilization, using Danio rerio as the maternal species, with normal fertilization rates showing no incompatibilities in sperm‐egg interactions within these two genera. Generally, all hybrids exhibit normal patterns and timelines in early developmental transitions, from cleavage stages to the initiation of epiboly, although inter‐genera Danio‐Devario hybrids subsequently exhibit fully penetrant embryonic lethality. Intra‐genus Danio hybrids, on the other hand, can survive through embryogenesis and into adulthood. However, rates of survival during these stages diminish according to phylogenetic distance, with increasing early lethality in hybrids from more distantly related species. Additionally, Danio hybrids exhibit increased growth rate variability during juvenile stages. All Danio hybrids have reduced testes sizes, sperm counts, and sperm viabilities, with sperm displaying defects in flagellum formation and integrity. Adult male intra‐genus hybrids are invariably sterile, except in the case of Danio rerio hybrids with the closely related Danio kyathit, which produced a backcrossed F2 generation that did not survive juvenile stages. Our studies highlight a loss of hybrid compatibility at various life stages in the Danio and Devario genera, based on deleterious effects and reduced developmental robustness, emphasizing a correlation between the severity of incompatibility outcomes and the degree of phylogenetic relatedness.
Professional Isolation: Impact on Rural Nurses Resuscitation Practices and Experiences
Authors: Riley Katherine , Wilson Valerie , Middleton Rebekkah , Molloy Luke
Published: December 2024

Aim

The aim of this discussion paper is twofold: (1) To critically examine the challenges related to resuscitations among rural nurses and how these contribute to a sense of professional isolation and (2) To discuss practical solutions and strategies that could be implemented to mitigate the effects of professional isolation.

Background

Professional isolation is not unique to rural nursing practice. It is a complex issue often observed in low‐resourced environments that are geographically distant from larger hospitals, such as small rural emergency departments. With a greater research focus placed on the recruitment and retention challenges associated with professional isolation, studies often overlook the intermediary factors contributing to this issue, such as the effect of resuscitations on rural nurses. In addition, there are few studies that have evaluated interventions or strategies to address professional isolation.

Design

A critical discussion paper.

Methods

This discussion paper is based on data drawn from current evidence and is guided by the authors research experience as part of a doctoral study.

Results

Professional isolation negatively affects rural nurses' experiences of resuscitation by creating barriers to skill acquisition and professional growth and reducing career intent in rural areas. Strategies such as leadership training, rural mentorship, debriefing and cognitive aids are possible strategies that could address these challenges.

Conclusions

The trajectory of professional isolation is contingent upon the capacity of rural nurses to have access to professional avenues that enhance connection, sharing of knowledge, skills and experiences. Addressing professional isolation is crucial for the well‐being of rural nurses and the overall sustainability and growth of the rural healthcare workforce.
Leader Humility and Affective Commitment: A Cross‐Sectional Study Among Hospital Nursing Teams
Authors: Mertens Shana , Meyfroodt Kenn , Schollaert Eveline
Published: December 2024

Aim

To examine in hospitals whether head nurses’ humility impacts nurses’ affective commitment and explore the role of safety, trust and participative communication.

Design

A cross‐sectional survey design.

Methods

In 2023, we assessed the perceptions of 536 nurses, nested in 103 wards of 12 hospitals. The data were analysed using multilevel structural equation modelling.

Results

In line with our conceptual model, head nurses’ humble leadership is positively associated with a psychological safety climate at the ward. Both humble leadership and a psychological safety climate are positively associated with nurses’ trust in the head nurse, which, in turn, is positively associated with nurses’ voice behaviour and their feeling of being heard (i.e., participative communication). Finally, nurses’ feelings of being heard is positively associated with nurses’ affective commitment, while—in contrast to our hypotheses—nurses’ voice behaviour is not.

Conclusion

This study highlights the importance of a leadership approach that contrasts with traditional power‐oriented leadership styles. Head nurses in hospitals demonstrating humble leadership behaviours (e.g., appreciating others, acknowledging weaknesses), and fostering a psychologically safe environment, can build trust, encourage open communication and make nurses feel heard. This, in turn, can enhance nurses’ affective commitment to their hospital. Feeling genuinely heard when speaking up is significantly more impactful than merely voicing concerns.

Implications for the Profession

Nurses are confronted with increasing work pressure weighing in on their affective commitment. The findings indicate that when head nurses acknowledge their limitations, ask for feedback and empower nurses in their ward, it can help build nurses’ affective commitment through safety, trust and participative communication.

Reporting Method

This study adhered to the cross‐sectional Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines.

Patient or Public Contribution

No Patient or Public Contribution.
Schwann Cell‐Mediated M2‐Like Macrophage Polarization in Rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Feng Guanying , Guo Yibo , Chen Mingtao , Zhang Yu , Liu Zheqi , Sun Chen , Hu Xin , Lin Chengzhong , Liu Yu , Wu Yue , Wu Hao , Yang Xi , Wang Yang , Ye Jinhai , Liu Jiannan , Wang Xu , Ji Tong , Zhang Chenping
Published: December 2024

Objective

To investigate the cellular components and immunological characteristics of the head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) microenvironment.

Methods

We conducted single‐cell transcriptomics to analyze the cellular components of the RMS microenvironment. CellChat was utilized for analyzing intercellular interactions. The cancer genome atlas database was used for validation. CIBERSORT was applied for immune infiltration profiling. Functional enrichment analyses were performed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Gene set scores were calculated using single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis. Subcutaneous allograft models and bulk RNA sequencing were used for validation. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry were used to identify M2‐like macrophages.

Results

Our findings revealed an extremely low presence of neutrophils in RMS samples compared with normal sample. RMS sample with high Schwann cell infiltration exhibited an increase in M2‐like macrophage infiltration. Receptor‐ligand pairs, specifically MIF‐CD74 and PTN‐SDC3, were identified between Schwann cells and M2‐like macrophages. In the RMS sample characterized by significant Schwann cell infiltration, M2‐like macrophages demonstrate robust expression of axon guidance factors and are enriched in the axon guidance pathway.

Conclusions

Our study provides valuable insights into the microenvironment and immunological characteristics of RMS, offering crucial information for further research and potential therapeutic strategies.
Transseptal Sheath Perfused with High Concentration Heparinized Saline for Reducing Sheath‐associated Thrombus
Authors: Xu Juan , Peng Shi , Sun Yuanjun , Nie Zhenning , Zhen Ya , Yin Xiaomeng , Lu Xiaofeng , Liu Yan , Zhang Xiaoyu , Huang Dayang , Guo Shuai , Wei Yong , Zhou Genqing , Xia Yunlong , Li Jun , Liu Shaowen , Chen Songwen
Published: December 2024

Background

Transseptal catheterization is critical for atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation but risks thromboembolism. Transseptal sheaths (TSS) were suggested for continuous heparinized saline solution flush. The safety and effectiveness of a simple TSS management to reduce sheath‐associated thrombus development risk was investigated.

Methods

AF patients who underwent radiofrequency ablation with the simple TSS management were studied under a retrospective multi‐center observation study and a prospective single‐center observation study. TSS and dilators were washed and perfused with high concentration heparinized saline (20 u/mL). Immediately after two successful transseptal punctures, activated clotting time ≥300 s was maintained by heparin infusion. TSS aspiration with negative suction and re‐perfusion with high concentration heparinized saline (20 u/mL) was performed for the remaining procedure before and after catheter withdrawal.

Results

A total of 4765 AF patients underwent 5367 ablation procedures were enrolled in the retrospective study, involving 156 (2.9% per procedure) complications. No acute stroke occurred during all the procedures. Perioperative thromboembolic complications occurred in 10 (0.21%) patients and in 10 (0.19%) procedures. Thromboembolic complications occurred within 24 h, between 24–48 h, and after 48 h post‐procedure in six, two, and two patients, respectively. In the prospective observation study, neither sheath‐ nor catheter‐associated thrombus were detected by the intracardiac echocardiography during all 127 procedures, without any perioperative thromboembolic complications. No hemorrhagic cerebrovascular complication was encountered in both observational studies.

Conclusion

For AF radiofrequency ablation, it was safe and effective for TSS high concentration heparinized saline infusion only. This approach could avoid sheath‐associated thrombus for interventional procedures.
Mutation Breeding on Medicinal Solanum Species: Advances, Applicability and Challenges
Authors: Pathakakula Srinivasu , Lakshmanan Nalina , Thiruvenkatasamy Saraswathi , Subramaniam Geethanjali , Boopathi Narayanan Manikanda , Kalichamy Chandrakumar
Published: December 2024

Medicinal Solanum species, belonging to the Solanaceae family, are extensively utilized in traditional medicine because of their therapeutic properties, including anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer activities. Enhancing these species through the integration of conventional breeding techniques with modern biotechnological tools presents promising strategies for developing improved varieties with higher yields, better quality and reduced thorniness. Induced mutagenesis has emerged as a highly effective approach for improving specific traits in these cultivars while preserving their well‐adapted genetic backgrounds. This review explores various mutagenesis methods, including physical, chemical and insertional methods, highlighting their efficacy in the enhancement of medicinal Solanum species. It also addresses the challenges and potential risks associated with mutation breeding. Recent advancements in sequencing technologies, such as MutMap, MutChromeSeq and whole‐genome sequencing‐based mapping, offer unprecedented opportunities for accurately detecting large‐scale mutagenesis‐induced variations in other solanaceous crops, including tomato, brinjal and chilli. The combination of well‐characterized mutant resources with innovative mapping techniques holds significant potential for rapidly improving the quality and yield of medicinal Solanum species. Overall, this comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights for researchers and practitioners involved in the cultivation and enhancement of medicinal Solanum species through mutation breeding techniques.
Driving function in wave field synthesis with integral approximation considering uneven contribution of loudspeaker units
Authors: Jeon Inkoo , Lee Seokjin
Published: December 2024

Wave field synthesis is a spatial audio technique for reproducing the sound field of a target source. This process is implemented by applying driving functions to loudspeakers enclosing a listening space. To reduce computational and hardware costs, several studies assume that the target source is sufficiently far from the loudspeakers, but this assumption depends on source frequency and can lead to errors. A recent method attempted to address this issue using oversampling and averaging; however, this approach increases computational demands, particularly for multiple target sources. Such steps result in high computational costs when there are numerous target sources. In this study, we propose an alternative method using an integral approximation that imitates the linearity of integral operations, taking into account the uneven contributions of loudspeakers. This eliminates the need for oversampling and averaging. Simulation results showed that our method improved sound reproduction compared to the recent method at high frequencies and conventional methods at low frequencies, especially when the target source was close to loudspeakers and not aligned with them. Our approach could potentially be applied to tasks that use the same integrand, widely used to model sources and fields.
Where is
Delftia
? Implementing citizen science into the biotechnology and environmental science curriculum
Authors: Spence Porché L. , Goller Carlos , Riley Noah , Norman Daiza , Leggett Zakiya
Published: December 2024

The
Delftia acidovorans
citizen science project integrates participatory science and community engagement into three courses (ES100—Introduction to Environmental Science, BIOL2700—Environmental Problems, and BIT479/579—High-Throughput Discovery course). Undergraduate students enrolled in ES100 and BIOL2700 collected samples from various locations as part of a class assignment. Students in the BIT479/579 course analyzed the samples using automation and high-throughput molecular biology approaches to reveal the genetic diversity in a portion of a key gene (“gold gene”) needed to produce the peptide delftibactin with gold detoxification properties. The project emphasizes the abundance of microbes such as
Delftia acidovorans
with potentially useful genes. The ES100 and BIOL2700 students were assessed using a pre- and post-survey and
Delftia
assignment. This study describes an approach to actively engage undergraduate students in interdisciplinary explorations of public science, further explores the presence and genetic diversity of a key delftibactin gene of
Delftia acidovorans
, and seeks to understand the environments in which
Delftia acidovorans
reside while contributing to the discovery of new knowledge.
An Intricated pas de deux of Addicted Brain and Body Is Orchestrated by Stress and Neuroplasticity
Authors: Gulyaeva Natalia V. , Peregud Danil I.
Published: December 2024

Dependence on psychoactive substances is a phenomenon that is based on the alterations of common molecular and cellular mechanisms, structures and neuronal networks underlying normal brain functioning and realizing stress response, reinforcement and aversion, learning and memory. As a result, aberrant neuroplasticity states associated with somatic changes are formed, which determine the pathogenesis and symptoms of dependence and at the same time can be considered as targets for the development of therapies for such addictions. An integrative scheme of stress and neuroplastic changes participation in the formation of the vicious circle of substance use disorders based on a holistic approach is presented. This special issue of the journal focuses on the molecular mechanisms of psychoactive substance use disorders.
Contribution of Visceral Systems to the Development of Substance Use Disorders: Translational Aspects of Interaction between Central and Peripheral Mechanisms
Authors: Peregud Danil I. , Gulyaeva Natalia V.
Published: December 2024

Substance use disorders are associated with structural and functional changes in the neuroendocrine, neuromediator, and neuromodulator systems in brain areas involved in the reward and stress response circuits. Chronic intoxication provokes emergence of somatic diseases and aggravates existing pathologies. Substance use disorders and somatic diseases often exacerbate the clinical courses of each other. Elucidation of biochemical pathways common for comorbidities may serve as a basis for the development of new effective pharmacotherapy agents, as well as drug repurposing. Here, we discussed molecular mechanisms underlying integration of visceral systems into the central mechanisms of drug dependence.
Alcohol-Induced Activation of Chemokine System and Neuroinflammation Development
Authors: Mikhalitskaya Ekaterina V. , Vyalova Natalya M. , Bokhan Nikolay A. , Ivanova Svetlana A.
Published: December 2024

Chemokines are immunoregulatory proteins with pleiotropic functions involved in neuromodulation, neurogenesis, and neurotransmission. The way chemokines affect the CNS plays an important role in modulating various conditions that could have negative impact on CNS functions, including development of alcohol use disorders. In this review, we analyzed the literature data available on the problem of chemokine participation in pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and remission of alcohol use disorders both in animal models and in the study of patients with alcoholism. The presented information confirms the hypothesis that the alcohol-induced chemokine production could modulate chronic neuroinflammation. Thus, the data summarized and shown in this review are focused on the relevant direction of research in the field of psychiatry, which is in demand by both scientists and clinical specialists.
Two Cases of Maggot‐Associated Ignatzschineria Bacteremia in Xylazine‐Induced Injection Wounds: An Emerging Threat
Authors: Pomerantz Erin , Pericak Olivia , Sokach Carly , Edathil Jocelyn , Yeung Ho-Man
Published: December 2024

The city of Philadelphia has seen an increase in homelessness and substance use disorders, often associated with xylazine‐contaminated opiates. Here, we report the first two cases of wound infection and bacteremia associated with the Gram‐negative rod Ignatzschineria species. Both cases were associated with maggot colonization in chronic lower extremity wounds from fentanyl/xylazine injections. Poor living conditions and lack of wound care are central to both case presentations. We believe this organism to be an emerging medical threat associated with injection drug use, xylazine‐associated wounds, and homelessness which may impact future treatment options in this patient population. This report underscores the emergence of Ignatzschineria bacteremia in individuals with a history of xylazine‐associated wounds and substance use disorder. Successful management should prioritize wound care and adherence to antibiotic regimens to prevent complications in these challenging cases.
Table 1 from Pan-Cancer Analysis of Homologous Recombination Deficiency in Cell Lines
Authors: Dodson Anne E. , Shenker Sol , Sullivan Pamela , Nayak Sumeet U. , Middleton Chris , McGuire Michael , Chipumuro Edmond , Mishina Yuji , Tobin Erica R. , Cadzow Louise , Wylie Andrew A. , Sangurdekar Dipen
Published: December 2024

Comparison of common HRD detection methods based on genomic scars
seu Palavra
Authors: Tanus Gustavo
Published: December 2024

Conto sobre a linguagem
Da energia vibrante da ancestralidade nas presas de um javali. Caça, artefatos de origem animal e povos indígenas no Brasil
Authors: Velden Felipe F. Vander
Published: December 2024

This article explores the multiple sociocultural and natural connections materialized in an indigenous necklace for sale on the internet, which bears a wild boar's tooth (Sus scrofa), an invasive exotic species that is foreign to the native Brazilian fauna. Through the notion of multispecies artifact, the paper discusses notions of authenticity, ancestry and indigeneity, among others, against the background of the opposition between native/autochthonous and exotic/invasive that continues to be applied, in parallel, both to indigenous peoples in Brazil and to animals and other non-human beings. So, what happens when an indigenous people in the Northeastern Brazil, the Kariri-Xokó in Alagoas state, in their struggle for an authentic and native identity and for better living conditions, starts to produce pieces of art/craft with parts of a non-native animal surrounded by numerous ecological and political controversies? Here, I argue that artifacts such as these can be very useful for reflection on different layers of sociocultural and biocultural meaning, especially those linked to the relationships between human collectives and other-than-human beings, since such objects often seem to materialize diverse relationships – hunting, domestication, familiarization, gathering, conviviality, domination, exploration, among others – which inform us about cosmological positions, technical interactions, ethical considerations and aesthetic perceptions of animals and plants, which unfold in specific contexts of interaction that constitute complex bio-sociocultural landscapes.
The Practice of Managed Visibility: Insights into China’s Frontline Diplomacy from Two European Capitals
Authors: Schnitzer-Skjønsberg Astrid
Published: December 2024

The People’s Republic of China has the world’s largest diplomatic network with a total of 274 missions. Yet little is known about how Chinese diplomats engage in bilateral diplomatic communities. The often-alleged reserve of Chinese diplomats towards their diplomatic peers is particularly curious. This article adds two case studies to our understanding of China’s frontline diplomacy. Based on semi-structured interviews and observation, the article explores in-person interactions between Chinese and foreign diplomats in two European capitals. It finds remarkably different degrees of social engagement in Ankara and Oslo. I therefore propose the term ‘managed visibility’ as a carefully implemented practice driven by contextual bilateral factors. My findings suggest that (i) the diplomatic repertoire of Chinese diplomats is larger and more adaptive than generally assumed; (ii) the practices of Chinese diplomats profoundly influence foreign diplomats’ perceptions of China; and (iii) sociable interactions among diplomats are becoming increasingly securitized.
A Difficult Path, but the One We Must Take Together: Forming International Norms through Historical Dialogue between Korea and Japan
Authors: Lee Seokwoo
Published: December 2024

This paper discusses the importance of historical dialogue between Korea and Japan in the context of international law. The author emphasizes the complex relationship between Korea and Japan, rooted in historical issues such as Japan’s colonization of Korea. He highlights the importance of international law in shaping diplomacy and managing bilateral relations, especially for countries like South Korea.

The paper also explores Japan’s approach to international law, which has been influenced by its imperialistic past and its position as a “latecomer” among imperialist countries. The author argues that Japan’s current practice of international law often adheres to minimum standards of legality without fully reflecting moral considerations.

A key point in the paper is the question of whether an “Asian international law” exists and whether Korea and Japan should support such a concept. The author suggests that instead of focusing on a distinct Asian international law, both countries should work towards establishing universal international norms that go beyond Asia.

The paper emphasizes the importance of historical dialogue between Korea and Japan, comparing it to similar efforts between European countries. While acknowledging the difficulties in this process, the author expresses hope for narrowing gaps and building consensus through continued dialogue.

In conclusion, the author argues that resuming and continuing the historical dialogue between Korea and Japan is crucial for both countries to play a leading role in forming future-oriented international norms. This path is described as difficult but necessary for both nations to move forward together in the international community.
China
Authors: Chang Yen-Chiang , Sun Jie
Published: December 2024

South Korea, a key player in the construction of the global international legal system, with the aim to be a “global hub contributing to freedom, peace, and prosperity”, has always been an active participant in the international legal system. Using “rule of law” as a key concept, across various fields, including economics, environment, and human rights, South Korea has actively engaged in international exchanges, participating in discussions on international standards, implementing international legal norms, and continuously strengthening the alignment of its domestic laws with international law. Emphasizing cooperation, South Korea seeks diverse partnerships with States and international organizations, fostering pragmatic collaborations to promote global freedom, peace, and prosperity. With a focus on synergy, South Korea also prioritizes building its international legal capacity and enhancing the training of domestic legal professionals, thereby creating a robust talent pool for the advancement of international law.
Singapore
Authors: Tan Kevin Y. L.
Published: December 2024

This article explores South Korea’s evolving role and state practice in the realm of international law since its admission to the United Nations in 1991. It highlights Korea’s transformation from a recipient of international aid to an active contributor to global peacekeeping, development assistance, and international criminal justice. The analysis delves into key aspects of Korea’s international engagement, including its approach to territorial disputes, constitutional commitment to peace, and participation in human rights treaties. Particular attention is given to Korea’s domestic implementation of international legal obligations and its complex relationship with third-party dispute resolution, as exemplified by the Liancourt Rocks dispute with Japan. By evaluating Korea’s state practice and legal commitments, the article sheds light on its broader implications for international law and diplomacy.
Sri Lanka
Authors: Seneviratne Wasantha
Published: December 2024

This article evaluates South Korea’s state practice in international law, highlighting its active engagement and compliance with global norms across various domains. Through extensive treaty participation, domestic incorporation of international norms, and active involvement in global organizations, Korea demonstrates a strong commitment to the principles of international law. Key areas explored include Korea’s contributions to maritime law, climate change commitments, human rights treaties, intellectual property protection, and diplomatic dispute resolution. Korea’s participation in regional cooperation mechanisms and international arbitration further reinforces its role as a proactive and reliable player in the international legal order, contributing to global stability and sustainable development.
Fukushima Radioactive Water Release and Its International Legal Implications
Authors: Kim Angela Semee
Published: December 2024

On April 13, 2021, Japan announced its plan to discharge 1.25 million tons of treated wastewater contaminated by the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean. Since then, the dangers and illegality of this conduct have sparked an ongoing controversy among surrounding nations regarding its potential global impact beyond territorial seas. Nonetheless, the radioactive water has been released in several instances: on August 24, 2023; October 5, 2023; November 6, 2023; February 28, 2024; and April 5, 2024, respectively. The process itself is expected to take decades. Accordingly, the international legal implications cannot be ignored. This article will primarily focus on the various international legal implications of the Fukushima radioactive water release, with a particular emphasis on states’ duty to cooperate, their obligation to prevent harm to the environment, and their obligation to prevent transboundary harm. This article does not focus on whether the release of radioactive water violates international law. Instead, its primary focus is on the forward-looking aspect of the obligations that States, including Japan and the affected States, should fulfill under international law to enhance environmental protection and safeguard the well-being of their people. Cooperation with other states is a general obligation for all states, and therefore, the question arises as to how states should cooperate to protect the environment in relation to the water release. According to environmental law, states have a duty to prevent harm to the environment (the ‘no-harm rule’) by preventing, reducing, and controlling the risk of environmental harm to other states, especially neighboring ones. Moreover, states have a duty to prevent transboundary harm that arises from activities within their territory or from other places under their jurisdiction or control. The question then becomes how Japan can fulfill these duties at present, given the ongoing release of radioactive water. With the commencement of the release of radioactive water, time is of the essence to find an alternative that will prevent any additional and future harm to both the environment and the people, in accordance with international law.
Cross-Retaliation as an Essential Enforcement Mechanism for Developing Countries
Authors: Maulen Aidana
Published: December 2024

The WTO Dispute settlement understanding stipulates two measures that the complainant can utilize in cases of non-compliance by the violator after the expiration of a reasonable period of time: compensation and retaliation. However, the criticism of these measures from many scholars and WTO member countries shows the urgent need to reform the implementation and enforcement stage of the dispute settlement system. This article proposes freedom of cross-retaliation and imposition of cross-retaliation under TRIPS as an additional tool aimed at increasing the efficacy of retaliation in the WTO, particularly for developing countries. The analysis of the proposal was conducted by referencing the WTO case study in cross-retaliation, the decisions of the panel and Appellate Body in relevant WTO cases, as well as considering the proposals and viewpoints of the various scholars in relation to the specified subject.
Écritures malhabiles et ostraca à plusieurs mains d’après les ostraca littéraires de Deir el-Médina
Authors: Gasse Annie
Published: December 2024

This article examines literary hieratic ostraca from the Theban region, dating to the New Kingdom. It explores the concept of clumsy or poor writing in ancient Egypt, identifying its meanings and possible causes. For instance, such writing may have been produced by novice scribes early in their careers, or by professionals who lacked sufficient skill. Additionally, bad writing in ancient Egypt is evident in the book Kemyt, where students practiced their handwriting.

The ostraca, written by multiple hands/scribes, provide insight into the errors made by Egyptian pupils, which were then corrected by their instructors. The study of palimpsests also presents an intriguing case. It was found that ostraca written by multiple scribes were not necessarily produced at the same time, but rather within close timeframes. Often, different handwriting appears on each side of the ostraca.

Thus, it is crucial to study lesser-known calligraphic works to gain a better understanding of scribal practices in the Theban region during the New Kingdom.
Ancient Egyptian Writing among Other Writing Systems: An Introductory Essay
Authors: Stauder Andréas
Published: December 2024

The present essay briefly sketches aspects by which ancient Egyptian writing resembles and differs from other writing systems. Like all pristine writing systems, Egyptian writing is a mixed system, representing both the sound and meaning of language in its signs. Among these pristine systems, it is typologically remarkable for its focus on roots rather than syllables, its uniquely rich development of classifiers/semantic determinatives, and its early and thorough-going phonetization. Beyond language, Egyptian writing is one of a few, mostly genetically unrelated forms of hieroglyphic writing, with other notable examples being Mesoamerican hieroglyphs and Luwian hieroglyphs in Anatolia. The hieroglyphic type of writing is distinguished by the retained pictoriality of its signs, a rich dialogue between language and image, and specific graphic ideologies and conceptions of the hieroglyphic sign. Egypt and Anatolia both show a digraphic situation, with differences. Unlike, for example, cuneiform, Egyptian was not adapted to other languages, but two writing systems were invented in contact with Egyptian writing, in altogether different contexts: Proto-Sinaitic and Meroitic. In entirely different ways, both show aspects of what might be termed a ‘quasi-hieroglyphy’, providing ancient outside views on hieroglyphic writing and speaking to the enduring allure of Egyptian hieroglyphic writing.