bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Collecte roussillonnaise de l’été 1930 pour l’OCPC : les documents inédits de Pierre et Marcel Fouché
Authors: Berthelot Puig-Moreno Martine
Published: January 2022

A la fin de l’été 1930, le célèbre linguiste français Pierre Fouché et son frère Marcel envoient au secrétariat de l’Obra del Cançoner Popular de Catalunya (OCPC), à Barcelone, le produit de la collecte de chansons traditionnelles roussillonnaises qu’ils viennent d’effectuer dans le cadre des différentes missions de collectage dans les Pays Catalans. 73 chansons seront éditées en 2010 au titre de la mission en Roussillon. En réalité, c’est un total de 212 pièces que contenait le recueil envoyé par les frères Fouché dont les deuxtiers sont à ce jour encore inconnus. L’objectif de cet article est de faire une présentation générale du recueil dans sa forme et son contenu: composition, inventaire et classification des chansons, longueur, intitulés, sources écrites et orales. Le recueil ne comportait pas de mémoire de recherche tel que stipulé par l’OCPC, c’est donc une étude quelque peu à l’aveugle qui est ici entreprise, et qui ne sera possible qu’à la faveur des observations données ici et là par Pierre Fouché.
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A finals de l’estiu de 1930, el famós lingüista francès Pierre Fouché i el seu germà Marcel van enviar a la secretaria de l’Obra del Cançoner Popular de Catalunya (OCPC) a Barcelona la seva col·lecta de cançons tradicionals del Rosselló realitzada en el marc de les missions de l’OCPC per tots els Països Catalans. El 2010, es publicaran 73 cançons el 2010. En realitat, a la col·lecta enviada pels germans Fouché hi havia un total de 212 peces les dues terceres parts de les quals encara es desconeixen. L’objectiu d’aquest article és fer una presentació general del recull en la seva forma i contingut: composició, inventari i classificació de cançons, extensió, títols, fonts escrites i orals. L’entrega dels Fouché no incloïa cap memòria de recerca tal i com s’estipulava en les consignes de l’OCPC, de manera que es tracta d’un estudi una mica a cegues que s’està duent a terme aquí i que només és possible gràcies a les poques observacions donades aquí i allà per Pierre Fouché.
Urban Transformations and Complex Values: Insights From Beirut
Authors: Pietrostefani Elisabetta
Published: January 2022

Through an urban renewal process driven by a well-resourced Lebanese diaspora and foreign investment, Beirut has undergone conspicuous morphological densification, characterised by parcel aggregation and exploitation of building height. Planning agencies have contributed to these transformations, deliberately involved in the production of illegality, and contributing to unplanned urban development. Although recent literature has substantially furthered our understanding of deregulated planning in Beirut, little is known of the preferences of residents with regards to the urban development process. This article sheds light on how morphological densification affects the complex values attached by residents to their urban environments using a novel data set and mixed-methods approach. It explores how dramatic urban restructuring affects resident values of architectural amenities and neighbourhood belonging. Findings show that although living in areas with different rates of building change does not affect preferences for architectural amenities, it affects resident socio-political activism towards the preservation of their built environment. Residents living in areas with high building-change rates had almost 50% lower odds of being willing to stop new construction near their location of residence because of their lack of confidence in the planning system. Neighbourhood belonging is not significantly affected by construction rates, but substantially increases both with the number of years lived in a neighbourhood and in locations with better building conditions, confirming a role for the built environment.
SPECIFICITY OF ARMED CONFLICTS OF THE POST-BIPOLAR WORLD IN THE CONTEXT OF NBICS-TECHNOLOGIES: UKRAINIAN REALITIES
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Averianova Nina , Voropayeva Tetiana ,   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv
Published: January 2022

The article considers Ukrainian realities and specifics of armed conflicts in the post-bipolar world in the context of NBICS-technologies. To solve this problem, an integrative approach was used, which involves considering the object of study in its connections and interdependencies with other processes and phenomena, as well as taking into account the interaction of various factors that determine the formation and development of conflictizational phenomena. After the collapse of the bipolar model, there was a deep crisis in the provision of all security systems (international, macro-regional, mesoregional, national and micro-regional). The fundamental problem of international relations in the post-bipolar world is the high level of their conflict. In the days of globalization, one of the first places is technical and technological, scientific, innovative and information factors (associated with the development of nanotechnology, genetic engineering, the formation of global information technology networks of production and marketing, with the integration of science, education and production, that is, with all the leading industries of the sixth technological mode), nowadays these factors and NBICS-technologies are becoming more interdependent. In today's world, the sciences of the strategic level are those that are part of the NBICS complex (these are the scientific disciplines that develop the latest nano-, bio-, information, cognitive and social technologies). Since both Ukrainian studies and conflictology belong to the field of socio-humanitarian studies, they can be aimed at developing and using the deconflictizational potential of Ukrainians, as well as information, cognitive, social and creative resources of the Ukrainian person and the Ukrainian community. Integrative capabilities of modern Ukrainian studies allow combining conceptual tools and research principles not only of Ukrainian studies and conflict studies, but also of social philosophy, history, political science, cognitology, information science, sociology, culturology, psychology, anthropology, military science in the study of conflictizational processes of the cultural and historical space of Ukrainians in the conditions of modern challenges and threats.
Cave Archaeological Sites as an Object of Palynological Reconstructions
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Alekseitseva V.V. ,   Novosibirsk State University, Rudaya N.A. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS
Published: January 2022

Cave sites often become objects of palynological reconstructions; however, the question of the representativeness of cave deposits for palynological researches in connection with the specifics of the distribution and burial of pollen grains in the caves is currently relevant and insufficiently studied. This article provides the results of a palynological study of surface samples from three sites: Strashnaya, Chagyrskaya, and Biyka-1 caves (Altai Territory). The comparison of the results based on the study of samples inside and outside the caves showed their similarity, which confirms the assumption that such data can be used for climatic reconstructions. However, there are aspects necessary to be taken into consideration when interpreting palynological data obtained from the deposits of cave sites, which is also confirmed by other researchers. Such aspects include the following: location of the sampling site: there is a negative correlation between the distance from the cave entrance and the concentration of pollen, as well as the content of anemophilic plants pollen in a sample; animal activity inside the cave: animal roosting and denning behavior or insect nesting inside the cave may cause distortion of palinospectra; cave morphology, size and number of cave entrances: it was noted that caves with one sufficiently wide entrance are more indicative, because it can provide sufficient air circulation in the cave; orientation of the cave entrances: palinospectra inside the cave may reflect the local vegetation of the territory to which the entrance is directed; specificity of the distribution of pollen grains of plants of various families: it was noted that the accumulation of pollen of entomophilic plants closer to the back of the cave is higher than anemophilic ones; different degree of resistance of the shells of pollen grains of different families: pollen grains with a shell more resistant to post-deposition processes may be present in palinospectra in greater concentration due to the destruction of grains with a less resistant shell.
Lakhuti IV – a New Early Paleolithic Site in the Obi-Mazar Valley (Southern Tajikistan)
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Anoikin A.A. , Rybalko A.G. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Khudjageldiev T.U. ,   Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnography NAS RT, Sosin P.M. ,   Institute of Water Problems, Hydropower and Ecology NAS RT, Kurbanov R.N. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University,   Institute of Geography RAS
Published: January 2022

The article presents the results of a joint Russian-Tajik geoarchaeological expedition in the middle reaches of the Obi-Mazar River (Republic of Tajikistan). During 2021 fieldwork two Tajikistan Loess Palaeolithic sites were studied: Kuldara (14 pedocomplexes) and Obi-Mazar (7 pedocomplexes). A significant amount of palaeogeographic work was carried out at both sites including sampling for a wide range of geological analyses. At Kuldara, five excavation trenches were established and a small amount of artifacts from pedocomplexes 4 and 5 as well as a few items from PC’s 10 and 11 were collected. Lakhuti IV corresponding to PC 5 was found between the known sites of Obi-Mazar-6 and Lakhuti I. The excavation area was 6 m2 and 2.2 m deep. Archaeological material (662 specimens) was deposited at 8 levels, but can be regarded a single industry. The primary reduction is based on several simple flaking techniques — radial flaking from a single surface, citron and parallel flaking. Some cores were prepared on large and thick spalls; the ventral surface was used as a prepared flaking surface. “Citron flakes” were also found (~ 8 % of the total number of flakes). Not a single blade was discovered. The complex contains roughly equal proportions of scrapers on large spalls, notched-denticulate tools and unifaces. According to the available set of geological data for the Obi-Mazar Valley, PC 5 is dated to ca. 0.5 Ma. The Lahuti IV materials have parallels in the synchronous Early Palaeolithic industries of Tajikistan. A distinctive feature of this site is a very high concentration of artifacts and their occurrence in well-defined cultural horizons, which is recorded for the first time at Loessic Palaeolithic sites.
Studies of the Middle and Upper Paleolithic Technocomplexes of Denisova Cave in 2021
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Derevianko A.P. , Shunkov M.V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Kozlikin M.B. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Mikhienko V.A. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Fedorchenko A.Yu. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Chekha A.M. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS
Published: January 2022

The authors present results of the studies of the lithic industries associated with the upper part of the Pleistocene deposits in the South Chamber of Denisova Cave; the lithics were recovered in the course of excavations in 2021. The collection of artifacts from layers 12, 11, and 9 includes over 4,000 items. According to the absolute dates of the Pleistocene layers in the entryway zone of the South Chamber, layer 12 formed in the second half of MIS 4, and layer 11 accumulated in the first half of MIS 3. The sediments of layer 9 are presumably associated with MIS 2. Primary reduction strategy of the Middle Paleolithic complex from layer 12 is characterized by the use of the Levallois technique of detaching flakes, blades and points. Other cores were fashioned through parallel and radial reduction, which is fully consistent with the flake industry. Side-scrapers of various types are most numerous in the toolkit. The Early Upper Paleolithic industry associated with layer 11is based on the well developed blade technique, incl. small and micro-blade production. Most of the items in the list of typologically significant tools are the tools of the apparent Upper Paleolithic morphology — end-scrapers, burins, retouched blades, backed bladelets and micro-blades, perforators and chisel-like tools. The small archaeological collection from layer 9, as well as the industry from layer 11, is characterized by the well-developed lamellar reduction and the Upper Paleolithic types in the toolkit. This complex illustrates continuous development of the Upper Paleolithic traditions at the medial stage of this period.
Results of Field Archaeological Studies at the Komudvany Terminal Paleolithic Site in 2021
Authors:   Museum of Nature and Man, Makarov S.S. , Zolnikov I.D. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Anoikin А.А. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Rezvyi A.S. ,   Museum of Nature and Man, Vasiliev A.V. ,   Novosibirsk State University, Vybornov A.V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Perfilef S.S. ,   Tomsk State University
Published: January 2022

The authors present the results of 2021 field archaeological research carried out in at the Komudwanу Terminal Paleolithic site located in the estuarine part of the Manya river (Oktyabrsky District of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug). The research was directed to study the geomorphological and geological features in the vicinity of the site, to specify the stratigraphic position of the cultural layers and to get new archaeological materials. The terrace and cape sections of the site as well as the adjacent areas were examined, surface finds were searched, several excavation trenches and a test pit were established (total area 10 m2). High water level in the river Manya did not allow explorations of the floodplain area of the site. The detailed stratigraphy description of the terrace and cape sections has been made, which testify to simultaneity of the uncovered archaeological materials; the geomorphological and geological features of the site area and the estuarine part of the Manya river has been clarified; the derived data testify the presence of humans 15-14 cal kyr BP. In the excavation trench on the terrace-like area, the upper bone-bearing level (layer 4) was excavated over the area of 8 sq. m, the medial bone-bearing level (layer 5) was discovered for the first time; 29 bones, of which all definable bones were those of mammoth, and 10 lithic artifacts were found in the upper bone-bearing level. Stone assemblage includes a spall with utilization retouch, flakes, shatters and a chip. Komudvany is the northernmost Terminal Paleolithic site on the West Siberian Plain.
Storage Pit for Fish Fermentation at the Tartas-1 Site, the Baraba Neolithic Culture
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Molodin V.I. ,   Tomsk State University, Nenakhova Yu.N. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Durakov I.A. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Efremova N.S. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Nenakhov D.A. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS
Published: January 2022

The article presents the results obtained by the Western Siberian Team of the Northern Asian Integrated Expedition in 2021 during the field works at the Tartas-1 site in Novosibirsk Region. Another object of the Early Neolithic was discovered on the edge of the second terrace above the floodplain at the Tartas-1 site. Complexes of similar pits and individual pits were investigated earlier, in 2015-2016. Settlement structures and system of utility pits were located compactly along the eastern edge of the burial ground terrace and were fully studied. Flat-bottomed pottery with distinctive ornamentation, and bone and stone artifacts have made it possible to raise the question on identifying a new Baraba Neolithic culture in the region. A series of similar pits have been found in the Baraba forest-steppe before. During the study, over twenty radiocarbon dates were obtained, which has made it possible to attribute the sites of this culture to the Early Neolithic, dating it within the seventh millennium BC. In the season of 2021, a pit with typical features of the Early Neolithic objects was explored. Its depth was over 2 m; diameter was 2 m; filling was variegated with underlying black layers (remnants offish preservation) and their subsidence. The filling of the pit contained a number of bone and stone items which corresponded to the items found at the site before. Interlayers filled with fish scales and small unidentifiable fragments of animal bones have been found. This appears to have been a clearly stable economic practice among the carriers of the Baraba Early Neolithic culture, which was associated with procurement and preservation of fish supplies for future use. Such objects are extremely rare and of great scholarly interest.
Earliest Assemblage of the Shuidonggou 1 Site (North China) and Its Position in Variability of the Initial Upper Paleolithic of South Siberia and Eastern Central Asia
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Rybin E.P. , Khatsenovich A.M. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS
Published: January 2022

This article is intended to review the lithic assemblage from lowermost cultural level of the Shuidonggou 1 site (northern China). From the onset of investigation, this laminar assemblage was accepted as an example of intrusive event in the local cultural continuity. Technology and typology of the Shuidonggou 1 assemblage found its closest parallels in the lithic industries from the early Upper Paleolithic technocomplex of southern Siberia and eastern Central Asia. In the present article, we demonstrate, based on published data and the authors’ personal observations, the position of the lowermost Shuidonggou 1 assemblage (ca. 41 ka BP) within the realm of the early Upper Paleolithic blade industries in surrounding regions, namely Kara-Bom site (Altai Mountains) and Tolbor 4 and Tolbor 21 sites (Northern Mongolia). In this study, we demonstrates that except for the distinct Levallois technological component, the Shuidonggou assemblage presented all core reduction techniques typical of the early Upper Paleolithic technological package present in southern Siberia and Central Asia. The same is true for the special tool types (end scrapers, various points on blades, etc.). The tool markers specific for the early Upper Paleolithic evidenced in Shuidonggou 1 are provided in a short list (3 out of 7 tool types) and include points with the ventral bulb trimming, oblique/truncated points, and stemmed blades. It can be concluded that despite somewhat chronologically later position in the cultural-chronological sequence of southern Siberian and Central Asian early Upper Paleolithic technocomplex, the Shuidonggou 1 site demonstrates high degree of similarity with the early Upper Paleolithic assemblages: Kara-Bom UP2 and Tolbor 4 AH5. We suppose that this industry is a typical example of the early Upper Paleolithic industry with respect to potential influence of raw material peculiarities, and being in a remote location compared to geographical core of the early Upper Paleolithic, it may provide an example of the first wave of these populations developed in isolation.
Reconstruction of Fire Activity in Kulunda Steppe for the Last 3500 Years Based on the Data from the Bottom Sediments of Lake Maloe Yarovoe
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Zhilich S.V. , Rudaya N.A. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS
Published: January 2022

For several millennia, Kulunda has been inhabited by the peoples with different types of economy, but the paleoecological aspect of their habitation has remained understudied. The most promising source of paleoecological information is natural archives of lake sediments. This article presents the first results of studying macro-charcoals in the sediment core from Lake Maloe Yarovoe. Fire conditions for the last 3500 years and type of fuel (wood or grasses) are reconstructed for each period, based on macro-charcoal analysis. Data on the type of fuel and distribution of charcoals by depth in the core were compared with palynological data, reconstructed level of mean annual precipitation, and reconstruction of vegetation from the same core obtained by other methods. The results were also compared with another macro-charcoal column from Lake Kuchuk, which was the only researched column for the south of Western Siberia. The results were compared with archaeological data on the type of economy among the different cultures which inhabited the area in various periods. It has been established that the patterns of coal distribution do not correlate with changes in vegetation and show a weak negative correlation with the level of average annual precipitation, which means that fire activity increased with increased level of precipitation. A temporal connection of change in fire regimes and types of fuel, with change in the types of economy has been observed. From 3500 to 2700 BP, during the prevalence of cattle-breeding type of economy, fire activity was maximal, occurring mainly in the steppe. By the end of the Bronze Age, with the beginning of transition to the nomadic type of economy, intensity of fires decreased, and forest began to be burned. After 1500 BP, when the nomadic type of economy prevailed, fire activity in the area of Lake Maloe Yarovoe sharply decreased. The increase in fire activity with predominance of wood charcoals in the last 200 years coincided with exploration of the region by the Russian settlers.
Archaeological Research of the Katandinsky Valley
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Polosmak N.V. , Dyadkov P.G. ,   Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to a summary of the results of the study of the Katandinsky valley in 2021 (the Republic of Altai). Anthropogenic impact has destroyed and continues to destroy archaeological sites in the specified territory. Fixing what has been preserved to date is the primary task of its archaeological study. The article presents a map of the archaeological sites of the valley, compiled by coordinating archaeological sites using the GARMIN 62 stc navigator in the WGS-84 coordinate system. A brief description of the discovered objects is given: two types of burial complexes of the Afanasievo culture are distinguished, Pazyryk mounds in the Katanda 1 burialfield, Turkic fences and mounds of the early Middle Ages are marked. The results of a geophysical study of one of the mounds in the Katanda 2 burial field are presented. According to the results of the magnetic survey, it is concluded that the object most likely belongs to the Afanasievo culture. Thus, it is established that using geophysical studies, it is possible to determine the cultural affiliation of funerary monuments, in cases where it is not obvious. We are talking about the numerous completely blackened mounds of the Katandinsky valley. The article presents drawings of objects found on the plowed territory of monuments. Among them there are bronze buckles of the Scythian period, as well as objects that can be attributed to the Turkic era. Of particular note is a bronze plaque in the form of a curled panther, a pendant representing a schematic representation of a human figure and a cast-iron blade from a plow, made in China. A random set of discovered objects reflects the history of the development of the valley.
On the Southern Impact on the Burnt Structures under the Burial Mounds of the Kyshtovka Culture
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Solovyev A.I.
Published: January 2022

This article discusses the emergence of a recently identified type of archaeological objects - burnt wooden structures with pottery vessels turned upside down in the corners. These objects are located at necropolises of the second quarter of the second millennium AD. The pottery discovered makes it possible to attribute these objects to the Kyshtovka culture. It has been suggested in the previous studies that a series of rituals for which these structures were made and burned, were intended for releasing the soul of the deceased, which temporarily dwelt in wooden itterma figurines. Although the closest parallels to this ritual practice appear in the taiga Ugric environment, the article focuses on the southern impact. In author’s opinion, the final act in the cycle of funerary actions, associated with burning the models of dwellings where the wooden sculptures were placed, can be linked with the southern impact. Southern and northern features are also combined in the burial structures of the syncretic Vengerovo culture. There is a noticeable similarity between the burial structures of the Vengerovo culture, represented by truncated quadrangular pyramids and charred logworks or frames inside, and burnt cultic structures of the Kyshtovka population. It has been concluded that impacts from the south could trigger expanding the cycle of funeral activities among the Kyshtovka population due to borrowings reflected in the emergence of a new tradition of burning figurines in which one of the souls of a deceased person resided, inside wooden buildings. This is a kind of double burial, combining the practices of the Kyshtovka population, associated with real burial of the body, and borrowed practices associated with ritual of freeing the soul from the figurine. Further evolution of cultic buildings can be observed in their separation from the territory of necropolises and transformation into an independent phenomenon associated with sacralization of social leaders who became the patrons of clans and territorial entities.
New Evidence on Sacrifi cial Covers of the Ob Ugrians
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Baulo A.V.
Published: January 2022

This article presents new material evidence obtained from field ethnographic research conducted in the Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrugs in 2017-2020. Four sacrificial objects associated with worshipping the deity Mir-Susne-Hum popular among the Ob Ugrians, are described. Elements of warrior’s and rider’s clothing - capes, belts, and covers made of broadcloth - were offered as a gift to this deity. For the first time, a sacrificial cover with three figures of riders, made in the mid 20th century by the Mansi living in the basin of the Lyapin River, is published. Information about such attributes has been known to scholars since the mid 1980s, but the real object was discovered only in 2017. A sacrificial cover from the village of Lokhpodgort (Shuryshkarsky District of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) shifts the northern border where the sacrificial covers were used by the Ob Ugrians in the Lower Ob region, by another 100 km to the north. In addition, the cover shows an unusual composition of riders ’figures with additional “empty” square as well as additional anthropomorphic figure on the main figure of the deity. The sacrificial cover with seven figures of riders, purchased in the village ofYukhangort, is decorated with the additional strip of the “birch branch” ornamentation which, according to the author of the article, may indicate that the cover belonged to the Novyukhov family whose surname can be translated from the Khanty language as the “white tree”. The sacrificial cape observed among the Mansi living in the basin of the Pelym River is unusual in shape (heptagon). Most likely, it might have been used as a clothing of a family patron spirit worshipped in the ornithomorphic guise. The analysis of the newly found sacrificial covers reveals that one of them confirms the model for the sequential production of this type of material attributes of deities, proposed by I.N. Gemuev, while the rest of the samples demonstrate specific local features; the unusual number of details can be explained by their peripheral nature.
Intention of the Russian State to Expand Its Borders in the East as a Sign of the Assertion of Its Power and Independence
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Lyutsidarskaya A.A.
Published: January 2022

Expansion to the new territories under the authority of the Russian Crown is considered in a wide ethno-political context. For the Muscovite state, territorial augmentation was a way of expanding its influence under the conditions of increasing competition from the national European states. Direct administrative subordination of neighboring peoples was presented as a symbol of the power of the “Third Rome” on the world stage. The author arguments that for these purposes there was a constant establishment of relations with neighboring proto-states and states. The tsarist authorities considered the report to the neighboring military-potestary and state associations about their new possessions to be the final symbolic formalization of the territories. The disagreement of neighbors resulted in a long-term border conflict. The tsarist title to new possessions did not involve any challenge. The Moscow government sought to introduce the world order existing in the central part of the country in all the territories under its control. This was a part of the symbolic inclusion of new territories in the ethnopolitical community, along with fiscal tax accounting, which marked the inclusion in the socio-economic community. It is proved that in most of these actions, serious military clashes were avoided. The reason was government policy. It incorporated the autochthonous population in these processes. The increase in the resettled Russian population stimulated the development of new territories and the construction of new towns. It is concluded that, by the end of the 17th century, Siberia had largely lost its dependence on the Moscow state. However, the coherency with European Russia only grew, implicating all aspects of life, including cultural.
Proportional-Metrological System and Figurative-Symbolic Structure of Siberian Russian Orthodox Churches in the 19th–21st Centuries: Problem Statement
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Mainicheva A.Yu. , Radzyukevich A.V. ,   Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (SIBSTRIN)
Published: January 2022

In the article based on the Siberian materials of the 19th-21st centuries, a way to solve the problem of understanding the foundations and characteristic features of the Russian Orthodox architecture as a way of expression of religious ideas of an ethnos and society is proposed. The proportional-metrological system and the figurative-symbolic structure of the churches are considered as indicators of the essence of foundations of the cult Orthodox architecture. The conducted review of the scientific literature showed that the largest number of studies was done on the materials of Ancient Russia, only a few works are devoted to modern structures, and there are few works done on the Siberian materials. Publications concerning the “golden section” in the church architecture were revealed. The problem offoundations ofproportioning, symbols and images in the temple architecture is still far from being solved, experts have not yet come to a consensus. There are no generalizing and systematizing scientific works on this topic, although there is an extensive relevant source base. An original set of approaches and methods is proposed that allows solving the problem, which includes general scientific methods and methods of individual sciences using the advantages of an interdisciplinary approach. The research arsenal includes methodological techniques of ethnography and other historical sciences (direct observation, historical-genetic, typological, relics, case-study, hagiographic), history and theory of architecture (identification of proportional compositional features of buildings and structures, metrological structure, construction methods dimensional drawings, the original author’s method of analysis of proportional-metrological features of buildings and structures), informatics (the use of computer programs for processing primary data and the formation of resulting images and drawings, the author’s automated method of variant modeling). The conclusion is made on the possibility of solving the set problem.
Reproduction of the Ethnicity of the Kumandins of Biysk (Based on the Materials of the Ethno-Sociological Survey)
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Nikolaev V.V.
Published: January 2022

The article describes the attribution of the Kumandins to the status of indigenous minorities and the measures taken to support indigenous cultures. The Kumandins are the leaders of the social and political movement in Altai among the indigenous peoples. The source base of the study was the materials of an ethno-sociological survey conducted in 2016 in Biysk, Altai Territory. The ethno-sociological survey was conducted using the method of a structured interview. The Kumandins are focused on solidarity in solving their problems at the level of public organizations. They lack a pronounced leader. They entrust the representation of their interests to the Altai Regional Public Organization “Association of the Kumandins of Altai”. The assimilation and small number of the Kumandins determine their interest in state support and its necessity. The Kumandins spoke in favor of providing social privileges for education, housing, land, medicine, etc., as well as privileges for the revival of the language and traditional way of life who participated in the ethno-sociological survey. In reality, some of these privileges should be provided in accordance with the legislation. At the regional level, there are problems with the practical implementation of laws. The Kumandins of Biysk pay attention to the non-working legislation in support for the indigenous population. The majority of the Kumandins assess positively the changes that have occurred since they were granted the status of indigenous minorities. During the conducted ethno-sociological survey, a wide range of problems of the modern Kumandin community was identified: unemployment and job loss, low income, alcoholism, high cost of living, housing, access to education, as well as loss of language, non-working legislation, disunity of the people, disappearance of the people, loss of traditions, lack of national schools and kindergartens.
Common and Special in the Wedding Customs of the Descendants of Siberian Old-Timers of Pritomye in the Second Half of the 20th Century (Based on Field Materials of 2018–2021)
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Rubleva A.A.
Published: January 2022

In connection with the processes of transformation and active intercultural communications in the second half of the 20th century in Pritomye, the article raises the problem of the relevance of wedding customs as ethno-cultural markers. Based on materials collected in ethnographic expeditions 2018-2021 in the Mariinsky, Chebulinsky, and Tyazhinsky Districts of the Kemerovo Region, wedding customs of the 1950s-1970s period of the rural population of Pritomye who define themselves as descendants of the Siberian old-timers, are analyzed. As a result of the research, general and specific features of wedding traditions are identified. The structure of the wedding scenario, including matchmaking, redemption, and the first wedding day in the groom’s house and the second wedding day in the bride’s house, became generally accepted for the old-time weddings in various villages of the Tom region in the second half of the 20th century. Also generally accepted among the descendants of the old-time population customs were the traditions of giving pancakes on the first/second day of the wedding festivities and the tradition of sweeping up the litter by the bride on the second day of the wedding. The custom of “extinguishing ovin” in its various variations, stealing the bride, walking mummers and smearing faces with soot were less widespread. Rare among the old-timer customs were the parents of young people riding on sleds, when the wedding guests were harnessed in the village of Malopeschanka in the Mariinsky District. Such customs as “breeding” of families, cooking of chicken by a young wife on a campfire, walking of young people for water, recorded in the village of Bolshaya Pokrovka in the Tyazhinsky District, turned out to be isolated. Some of the customs recorded by the author are similar to the wedding customs and rituals of the Russian settlers of the Tom region, which suggests that the cause of the differences within the old-timer groups were mutual cultural contacts between the settlers and old-timers. The findings suggest that wedding customs can act as ethno-cultural markers, but necessarily taking into account the factor of intercultural interaction specific to Western Siberia.
Bronze Age Assemblage from Yugachi-2 Site (Askiz River Valley, Republic of Khakassia) Results of Archaeological Excavations in 2021
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Bychkov D.A. , Lurie V.M. ,   South Siberian Branch of the Institute for the History of Material Culture RAS, Timoshchenko A.A. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS
Published: January 2022

The Minusinsk Basin has been attracting attention of the researchers of antiquities for several centuries. Over the past century, hundreds of archaeological sites of various eras and cultures have been discovered and studied. In the historical annals of this territory, one of the most eventful and material abundant periods is the Bronze Age. As with sources from other historical periods, burial complexes prevail among the sites of the Bronze Age. In this regard, at present, studies analyzing finds from sites and settlement complexes on this territory are of particular relevance. The purpose of this work is to introduce into the scientific circulation a set of the Bronze Age objects, which was unearthed at the Yugachi-2 site during archaeological excavations. In order to get that done, we provide a description and a comparative range of analogies for this category of finds. The main body of cultural remains at the Yugachi-2 site belongs to the Tagar, Tesinsky and Tashtyk cultural and chronological stages in the history of this territory. In terms of its spatial context and appearance, set of objects from the Bronze Age is in a league of its own. The analyzed set of objects includes a pointed bottom ornamented vessel, a pestle, and two sinkers. By a number of analogies, the vessel belongs to the Afanasyevo culture, the sites of which are also known in the area of study. Pestle and sinkers represent a characteristic component of the settlement complexes of the Late Bronze Age. Based on the information received, with the exception of pestle and sinkers other objects found in a spatial context similar to the analyzed ones were attributed to the Bronze Age and are related to the carriers of the Afanasyev culture. The results of the present study allow us to extend current ideas about the economic practices of the inhabitants of the Askiz River valley in the Bronze Age.
Results of Archaeological Exploration in the Development Zone of the Karachiyaksky Coal Deposit in Novokuznetsk District of Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass in 2021
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Dudko А.А. , Vasileva Yu.A. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Veretennikov A.V. ,   Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry SB RAS
Published: January 2022

In June 2021, the Kuzbass team of the Department of Rescue Archaeological Work of the IAE SB RAS, together with employees of the Laboratory of Archeology of the Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry of the SB RAS, carried out archaeological exploration as a part of the state historical and cultural expertise of the land plot intended for inclusion into development area of the Karachiyak coal deposit (The Korchakolsky and Korchakolsky Glubokyi sections) of the Kuznetskinveststroi Company in Novokuznetsk District of Kemerovo Region - Kuzbass. Presently, over thirty sites of archaeological heritage belonging to the Final Upper Paleolithic - Early Holocene are known in the Kondoma River basin. The land plot which was assigned for coal mining is located on the left bank of the KondomaRiver Valley around the village of Taylep; on the northern side it is bounded by the Taylep River and is closely adjacent to the Korchakol coal mine on the west. As a result of the works, 285 pits were made over a total area of546 sq. m, and five objects of archaeological heritage, preliminarily dated to the Final Upper Paleolithic - Early Holocene, were discovered. Thirty artifacts were found in archaeological pits, including cores, burins, scrapers, blade, spalls, flakes, and fragments. The raw materials of lithic industries at the Taylep 4-8 sites were pebbles, which widely appear in channel alluvium of the Kondoma River. According to its technical and typological features, the complex of lithic industry from the Taylep 4-8 sites forms a single cluster with the evidence from the Taylep 1 and 2 sites (lower cultural horizon) which were studied during the rescue archaeological excavations in 2020.
Organization of the Sacred Space of the Kazanovka-6 Burial Mound
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Nenakhov D.A. , Chertykov V.A. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Timoshchenko A.A. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS
Published: January 2022

In 2020 during the rescue archaeological work at the “Kazanovka-6 burial mound” on the right bank of the Askiz River, at the foot of the Aar-tag and Toldogey Mountains, the Late Bronze Age burial ground was discovered. According to the excavation results in 2021, the identified part of the Late Bronze burial ground at the Kazanovka-6 can be attributed to the classical stage of Karasuk culture. The study was carried out using the method of continuous excavation of the area. This made it possible to identify a number of objects previously not recorded at the Late Bronze Age sites. First of all, it is domestic purposes pits, in the filling of which accumulations of slabs and rough stones from the red Devonian sandstone were found. Also, concentration of plates was recorded at the bedrock level. New data provide an insight into the organization of the inter-kurgan space at the burial grounds of the Karasuk culture. Four types of burial structures were record at the burial ground: single burials in stone box with a kerb; burials with an extension and a “tail-shaped” kerb; stone boxes are installed in one line in the west-east direction, complexes with an extension(s) to the central burial on the western and eastern sides. The rows of burials on the site were built along the west-east line with a slight deviation to the north. The burial ground probably was expanded from south to north. The space for the burial structures was preliminarily prepared by removing the sod layer. Several pits up to 4 m long were dug from the northern and southern parts, probably to get soil for mound construction. Judging by the pits filling, the construction of burial structures and the full cycle of funeral and memorial activities apparently took place over a long period of time.
Analysis of Bone Carving Products from the site Yugachi-2 (Askizsky District, Republic Khakassia)
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Polovnikov I.S. ,   Novosibirsk State University, Bychkov D.A. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS
Published: January 2022

The article presents an analysis of the raw materials of carved bones from the Yugachi-2 site. In the course of field archaeological works, the recovered materials made it possible to interpret the studied object as a settlement complex. The items with bone carving are described. The total number of artifacts made of horn and bone is 79 specimens, which were recovered from 14 out of 74 excavation pits, their brief description is provided. Spatial analysis bone carving products distribution was carried out at excavation pit No. 9 of excavation trench No. 3. Most of the finished products and blanks for bone carving come from this site. Weapons, tools and ornaments are the most interesting finds among the found objects. The horny frontal middle plate of the compound bow deserves special notice in the armament category. Bows with similar frontal rigid plates have parallels in the burial complexes of the Altai Mountains dating from the first half of the 1st millennium AD. Hence, this object can be dated to the 3rd-5th centuries AD. A bony stemmed arrowhead was also found. The ornament category contains a pendant from a maral tooth. The labor tools are represented by tools for untie knots (kochedygi), a borer, and, probably, a handle fragment. The derived information provide the insight into bone carving technology at the settlement sites of the transitional Tagar-Tashtyk period and its place in the culture of the ancient population living at the foothills of the Western Sayan Mountains, in the periphery of the taiga and forest-steppe zones, in the Askiz River basin.
Excavation of the Tagar Barrows at Sagayskaya Protoka 1, 2, 5 and 12
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Timoshchenko A.A. , Mitko O.A. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS,   Novosibirsk State University, Morozov A.A. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Zubkov V.S. ,   Khakass State University, Poselyanin A.I. ,   Khakass State University, Frolov Ya.V. ,   Altai State University, Teterin Yu.V. ,   Novosibirsk State University, Davydov R.V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS,   Novosibirsk State University, Polovnikov I.S. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS,   Novosibirsk State University
Published: January 2022

The publication presents materials from the excavations of 6 burial mounds belonging to four separate Early Iron Age burial grounds. The investigations were carried out in the Askizsky District of the Republic of Khakassia as part of rescue works in the construction site of the second railway track at the “Chartykovsky - Kamyshta” section. Most of the burials were looted in antiquity. Inlet burials related to Tesinskaya archaeological culture were made in the barrow of an isolated mound of Sagayskaya protoka 5. In the course of the railway construction in the mid-20th century, the earthen barrows and underground stone structures were destroyed (burial site Sagayskaya protoka 1). Nevertheless, some burials have survived intact. This made it possible to establish the details of the funeral rituals and to correlate the archaeological sites with the Podgorny and Saragash stages of the Tagar culture. The Podgorny burials (VII-VI centuries BC) are characterized by arrangement of individual graves. The dead people were placed in stone boxes set in ground pits, accompanied by meat food and grave goods. In the surviving graves, bronze knives, a handle metal stap, mirrors, awls, beads, pendants made of animal teeth and the claw of a bird ofprey were found. The vessels are standard in shape and ornament. Rare finds include miniature combs (less than 2 cm long) decorated with solar symbols. The Saragash stage is represented by grave 4 in the Sagayskaya protoka 5 barrow containing the burials of 9 adults. The burial is tentatively dated to the V-IV centuries BC.