bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Euclid preparation
Authors:   Euclid Collaboration, Martinet N. , Schrabback T. , Hoekstra H. , Tewes M. , Herbonnet R. , Schneider P. , Hernandez-Martin B. , Taylor A. N. , Brinchmann J. , Carvalho C. S. , Castellano M. , Congedo G. , Gillis B. R. , Jullo E. , Kümmel M. , Ligori S. , Lilje P. B. , Padilla C. , Paris D. , Peacock J. A. , Pilo S. , Pujol A. , Scott D. , Toledo-Moreo R.
Published: June 2019

In modern weak-lensing surveys, the common approach to correct for residual systematic biases in the shear is to calibrate shape measurement algorithms using simulations. These simulations must fully capture the complexity of the observations to avoid introducing any additional bias. In this paper we study the importance of faint galaxies below the observational detection limit of a survey. We simulate simplified Euclid VIS images including and excluding this faint population, and measure the shift in the multiplicative shear bias between the two sets of simulations. We measure the shear with three different algorithms: a moment-based approach, model fitting, and machine learning. We find that for all methods, a spatially uniform random distribution of faint galaxies introduces a shear multiplicative bias of the order of a few times 10−3. This value increases to the order of 10−2 when including the clustering of the faint galaxies, as measured in the Hubble Space Telescope Ultra-Deep Field. The magnification of the faint background galaxies due to the brighter galaxies along the line of sight is found to have a negligible impact on the multiplicative bias. We conclude that the undetected galaxies must be included in the calibration simulations with proper clustering properties down to magnitude 28 in order to reach a residual uncertainty on the multiplicative shear bias calibration of a few times 10−4, in line with the 2 × 10−3 total accuracy budget required by the scientific objectives of the Euclid survey. We propose two complementary methods for including faint galaxy clustering in the calibration simulations.
Life support system in the mature Martian colony for 1000 people
Authors: Ćwilichowska Natalia , Kuźma Joanna , Jurga Anna , Piszko Paweł , Nguyen Thien
Published: June 2019

The development in the field of space engineering is aimed at achieving another milestone, which is the creation of an extraterrestrial colony on, for example, Mars. Missions of this kind will be long-term and long-distance, which results in the need to design systems with a high degree of self-sufficiency. It is synonymous with high recovery resources. This article is a concept proposed for the needs of the Mar Colony Prize competition – Design The First Human Settlement On Mars, created by The Mars Society. This competition assumed designing highly-autonomous base for 1000 people. This means, that all environmental systems must be connected with each other and work in closed loops. In this paper four main environmental systems are proposed and characterized. The state of art of each subsystems technology is presented.
Inequality of water consumption for hygienic and sanitary purposes in production halls
Authors: Dudkiewicz Edyta , Laska Marta
Published: June 2019

Water consumption in hall buildings is substantial and characterised by variability over the time: yearly, seasonality, monthly, weekly, daily, hourly and second. Both, water consumption and their irregularity, influence on many processes and technical issues. Purposes for which water is consumed are various. Beyond the technological processes, one of the most water-intensive demand is need for water for hygienic and sanitary purposes, especially in production buildings with high degree of soiling work. The paper presents the study of hot water (DHW) consumption and its profile for sanitary and hygienic purposes in two production halls. The halls vary in the degree of soiling work, sanitary equipment and numbers of employees. The aim of this article is to define DHW consumption profiles and hourly water-consumption irregularity coefficient applicable in design process of hot water preparation for hygienic purposes in production buildings. The average daily hot water consumption varies significantly and amounts 7 or 16 m3 respectively to both halls. Despite the discrepancy of sanitary equipment and number of workers the hourly water-consumption irregularity coefficients for both halls are in the similar range, about 2, and daily domestic hot water profiles present typically three main consumption peaks that occur at the end of work shifts.
The use of various species of fungi in biofiltration of air contaminated with odorous volatile organic compounds
Authors: Gospodarek Milena , Rybarczyk Piotr , Brillowska-Dąbrowska Anna , Gębicki Jacek
Published: June 2019

Air pollution with odorous compounds is a significant social and environmental problem. This paper presents biological deodorization methods. The attention is focused on the application of biotrickling filters for air deodorization. Principles of their operation are discussed, indicating the key role of the selection of microorganisms responsible for the degradation of odorous compounds. A literature overview of the used fungal species is presented and the advantages of using fungi in comparison with bacteria are indicated. The results of experimental studies on the n-butanol removal in biotrickling filter are presented.
Estimation of particles emissions from a jet engine in real flight
Authors: Jasinski Remigiusz
Published: June 2019

The article presents the results of particles measurements from a jet engine. Engine parameters were analysed during the actual flight and an attempt was made to map it in stationary tests. Research results were supported by correlation analysis. Based on measurements of particulate matter it was found that the most favourable conditions for particle formation occur during taxiing. Mass distributions were presented and emission factors were determined for three basic phases: taxiing, take-off and approach. The applied research methodology was based on the latest guidelines and was expanded to include propositions related to the analysis of engine operation in real flight conditions.
Energy self-consumption from PV systems: estimations for two office buildings in Krakow (Poland)
Authors: Jurasz Magdalena , Mikulik Jerzy
Published: June 2019

The analysis presented in this paper focuses on the energetic aspects of the use of photovoltaic (PV) systems in office buildings. Energy generation from PV system has been simulated on an hourly time scale and compared with the energy demand of two office buildings located in Krakow (southern Poland). The buildings’ annual load exceeded 1 GWh in both cases. The analysis dealt with estimating how much energy generated by a PV system can be utilized on-site (self-consumption) and how big the energy surpluses will be (energy generation greater than demand). Capacities of PV systems ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 MW have been considered. Also, the impact of PV generation on the residual load parameters and changes in the maximal monthly and hourly energy demand were investigated. The results show that although the building energy demand is similar (in terms of annual volume of energy consumed) the potential of PV systems to cover it is different. The 100-kW PV system can reduce the observed hourly peak energy demand by 1% in December but by over 30% in June (respectively, from 171 kWh to 169 kWh, and from 333 kWh to 255 kWh). Considering the annual patterns of the office buildings’ energy demand and PV generation (both have their respective peaks in summer), the application of a PV system changes the office building energy demand pattern significantly from the perspective of the power system operator. After installing 500 kW PV in an office building consuming 1 GWh annually, the months with highest demand are no longer in summer but in winter.
The influence of the dye adsorption time on the DSSC performance
Authors: Krawczak Ewelina , Zdyb Agata
Published: June 2019

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) of third generation photovoltaic technology, are nowadays one of the most investigated due to possibility to apply ecological and natural materials (dyes) such as alizarin. This paper reports the influence of electrode immersion time on alizarin-based dye-sensitized solar cells performance. The absorption spectra of alizarin dye were measured in the range of 300-800 nm. Fully structured dye-sensitized cells of working area equal to 0.8 cm2 have been fabricated in the sandwich way using four different immersion times of the TiO2 electrodes: 10’, 40’, 1 h, 24 h. The high-performance EL- HPE electrolyte was instilled into the space between electrodes. Current-voltage (I-V) dark and illuminated characteristics have been measured using solar light simulator. Solar cells characterization was carried out under standard test conditions. The solar irradiance was set at 100 mW/cm2 and temperature of the module was maintained at 25°C. Characteristic parameters of the fabricated cells were determined on the basis of measured I-V curves. Series resistances were extracted from I-V characteristics at an open circuit voltage using first order derivatives. It was found that 60 minutes of electrode immersion in dye solution is sufficient to obtain appropriate stage of the dye adsorption.
Radioactivity of waste materials coming from the largest power plants in Poland
Authors: Łukaszek-Chmielewska Aneta , Girard Martin , Piotrowska Barbara , Wojtkowski Karol , Isajenko Krzysztof , Stawarz Olga , Godlewski Robert
Published: June 2019

The Central Laboratory of Radiological Protection together with 30 other laboratories in Poland is involved in the analysis of radioactivity among indirect products of combustion (ashes and slags) coming from polish power plants and thermal power station. Systematic studies are conducted on the concentrations of natural radioactive isotopes in waste materials obtained from the power industry, and their results are recorded in a database. This database is supervised by the Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection. The database already contains 46300 by now and the oldest results come from the eighties. In this article the results of studies on radioactive concentration of natural radioisotopes 40K, 226Ra and 228Th in waste materials coming from the largest power plants in our country are presented. Furthermore an analysis was carried out on the possibility to use the selected waste materials (ashes and slags) in housing construction, road construction and in public facilities buildings, considering the values of activity indexes f1 and f2.
Exhaust emissions of an LPG powered vehicle in real operating conditions
Authors: Merkisz Jerzy , Gallas Dawid , Siedlecki Maciej , Szymlet Natalia , Sokolnicka Barbara
Published: June 2019

The paper contains exhaust emission results for an RDE test drive of a passenger vehicle with a spark ignition bi-fuel engine fuelled with LPG. The tests were performed in accordance with the RDE test requirements, and their results were compared to the emission limits of the applicable EURO norm. The aim of the paper is to investigate the discrepancies in the real exhaust emissions between the gasoline-specific emission norms and real values from vehicle use when powered by LPG.
Potential of individual heat pumps for renewable energy storage in Smart Grid
Authors: Niemierka Elżbieta , Jadwiszczak Piotr
Published: June 2019

Ever-increasing power market and environmental policy enforce growth of renewable power sources. Renewables inflexibility and dependency on weather condition causes periodically imbalance in power system due to the green power overproduction. With the increase of renewable sources, the balancing problems in power system will be increasingly significance issue. It is proposed to use individual heat pumps as a next tool for energy system adjustment support. Power system adjustment will be carried out by active demand side management by intended domestic hot water tanks overheating. The smart grid individual heat pumps setpoints will be switched at community or even country scale. The strategy allows shaving the overproduction peaks through short-term increase of electricity consumption in remote controlled heat pumps and to lowering power demand during green power deficits using the thermal energy stored in overheated domestic hot water. The dynamic mathematical simulations were made to define the operation and limitation of active control strategy of heat pumps integrated into smart grid. The results allow testing and assessing the potential of individual heat pumps as a next tool for balancing the power system with large scale of renewable power.
The separation of maximum amounts of precipitation for the Polish Atlas of Rains Intensities (PANDa)
Authors: Oktawiec Michał , Wdowikowski Marcin , Kaźmierczak Bartosz , Zaleski Janusz , Licznar Paweł
Published: June 2019

In this paper selection of maximal precipitation amounts for Polish Atlas of Rains Intensities (PANDa) has been presented. PANDa supposes to be the source of actual and indisputable information about reliable rainfall intensities for designing of storm water drainage and retention systems in Poland. During the realization of the maximum amounts separation procedure, for chosen 100 meteorological stations with the use of peak over threshold (POT) method, a number of problems has been found, for which proceeding algorithms have been described.
Drug resistance in airborne bacteria isolated from waste management and wastewater treatment plants in Olsztyn
Authors: Potorski Jacek , Koniuszewska Izabela , Czatzkowska Małgorzata , Harnisz Monika
Published: June 2019

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and municipal waste management plants (MWMPs) emit bioaerosols containing potentially pathogenic biological components which post a threat for human health. Microbiological monitoring supports evaluations of the antibiotic resistance (AR) of airborne microorganisms and the relevant health risks. The aim of this study was to analyze the microbiological quality of air sampled in a WWTP and MWMP in Olsztyn based on total bacterial counts, the presence of bacteria resistant to three antibiotic classes (beta-lactams, tetracyclines and chloramphenicol) and genes encoding resistance to these antibiotics (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCMY-2, blaAmpC, tet(M), tet(A), tet(X), tet(B), cmlA, floR, fexA, fexB and catA1 ). Bacterial counts were higher in air samples collected from the MWMP (~104 CFU/m3) than from the WWTP (101–103 CFU/m3). A similar trend was noted in the counts of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB). The abundance of ARB did not exceed 1.7 x 102 CFU/m3 in WWTP samples, but was higher at up to 4.2 x 103 CFU/m3 in MWMP samples. Bacteria resistant to doxycycline were least prevalent in the analyzed ARB. In the group of 49 tested bacterial strains, 44 harbored at least one of the analyzed antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). A comparison of ARGs in all bacterial strains isolated from WWTP and MWMP air samples revealed the highest diversity and prevalence of ARGs in the samples collected in the mechanical segment of the waste processing line in MWMP and the biological segment of the wastewater processing line in WWTP. The results of this study point to high microbiological contamination of air in MWMPs and WWTPs which are reservoirs of ARB and ARGs and potential sources of AR.
Utilization of waste forest biomass: pelletization studies of torrefied sawmill wood chips
Authors: Rejdak Michał , Czardybon Agata , Ignasiak Karina , Robak Jolanta
Published: June 2019

The paper presents the effects pelletization process of torrefied waste forest biomass – sawmill wastes. The sawmill waste are generated in significant quantities and has significant energy potential. The use of torrefaction and pelletization process enables to produce mechanically durable fuel pellets. Aim of the studies was to evaluate the effect of different kind of additives (binders) to torrefied waste forest biomass on pelletization process characteristic (production capacity, energy consumption) and properties of produced pellets (i.e. density, mechanical durability). The most effective binder among the tested was modified wheat starch. Pellets made with this addition were characterized by the highest mechanical strength.
Role of flow-through lakes in reducing pollutants outgoing from rural areas
Authors: Wiktorska Marlena , Szymczyk Sławomir
Published: June 2019

This study assessed the water quality in Lake Wydmińskie (Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodeship) based on the content of both organic and inorganic pollutants flowing into the lake with water from drainage systems. The study demonstrated that the water flowing into the lake through drainage ditches that drain the improved part of the catchment area of the lake, was a potential source of diffuse pollutants and excess chemical components were deposited in the lake which could lead to its degradation. The most polluted water was found in the main tributary and the lake bay fed by its water. For this reason, it was concluded that the greatest problem was the area-wide sources of pollutants outgoing from agricultural areas. It was also found that water flowing out of the lake was of a considerably better quality than water flowing into the lake through the ditches. This clearly indicates the accumulative role of the lake on the route of pollutant migration from agricultural sources.
GaAs quantum well in the non-parabolic case: the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the intersubband absorption coefficient and the refractive index
Authors: Chrafih Younes , Moudou Lhoucine , Rahmani Khalid , Zorkani Izeddine , Khenfouch Mohammed , Edrissi Sanae Janati
Published: June 2019

We investigated the effect of the hydrostatic pressure on the optoelectronic properties of a quantum well (QW) based on δ-doped GaAs sandwiched by Ga1-xAlxAs. We study the case of a non-parabolic conduction band where the aluminum content is set at 30%. We perform our calculations in the context of the approximation of the envelope function formalism using the finite difference method. Results show that the transition energies decrease with the increase of the hydrostatic pressure, which causes remarkable modifications on the optical properties of the QW nanostructure. The non-parabolicity effect is more important for small QW (Lw ≤ 5nm) and less marked in narrow and large QW. In addition, we study the absorption coefficient for 8 nm/4 nm/8 nm geometry. On the one hand, the pressure increase creates a displacement of the optical absorption coefficient towards low energies and a decrease of the absorption peak value. On the other hand, the refractive index moves towards higher energies. We show that in the presence of a hydrostatic pressure and following its effect on intersubband transitions, these optical properties also depend on the dopant concentration rate and the quantum well width. Our study finds interests for the nano-fabrication of quantum wells and in particular for those used in optical and electronic applications.
TheKitajskaja grammatika(1835) and Bičurin’s ideas on the “mechanism” of Chinese between European and Chinese grammatical traditions
Authors: Di Toro Anna
Published: June 2019

The main contribution of Bičurin in the field of Chinese language, theKitajskaja grammatika(1835), is still quite understudied, even though it represents the first grammar of Chinese written in Russian. Through a rapid overview of some of the early grammars of Chinese written by European authors and the analysis of some sections of the book, in which the Russian sinologist expounds the mechanism of Chinese, the paper dwells on the original ideas on this language developed by the Russian sinologist, inspired both by European and Chinese grammatical traditions. A particular attention is devoted to Bičurin’s concept of “mental modification”, related to the linguistic ideas discussed in Europe in the early 19th century.
LeTraitéchinois des particules et des principaux termes de grammaire : un exemple de traduction et d’adaptation de la terminologie linguistique chinoise
Authors: Gianninoto Mariarosaria
Published: June 2019

Le « Traité chinois des particules et des principaux termes de grammaire », qui figure dans laSyntaxe nouvelle de la langue chinoise(1869) de Stanislas Julien, représente la première traduction de l’Explication des particules dans les Classiques et dans les commentaires(Jīngzhuàn shìcí經傳釋詞, 1819) de Wáng Yǐnzhī dans une langue occidentale. Si l’ouvrage de Wáng peut être considéré comme le plus important répertoire de particules grammaticales de la tradition philologique chinoise, sa traduction constitue un exemple remarquable de présentation des méthodologies et de la terminologie linguistique chinoises pour un public européen. Cet article se propose de comparer les deux ouvrages, en analysant les modalités de traduction des lemmes et de transposition des catégories et de la terminologie linguistiques.
Shaping Cantonese Grammar – Early Western Contribution
Authors: Paternicò Luisa M.
Published: June 2019

The first Westerners to learn and describe Cantonese were Protestant missionaries who arrived in China in the 19th century. Given the almost total lack of local linguistic tools, they began to present Cantonese in grammars, dictionaries, primers and phrasebooks, also devising Romanization systems to transcribe its sounds. The first attempt at describing Cantonese grammar was made by Robert Morrison in a section of his Grammar of the Chinese Language (1815). Many other works followed, compiled also by Catholic missionaries or lay scholars, and dedicated to the analysis and pedagogy of Cantonese. This paper will firstly offer an overview of the very early impressions of the language carried out by Westerners; it will then show how their analyses evolved, becoming more refined and detailed, and eventually − with to the work of T. O’Melia − grew more conscious and independent from the analyses of Mandarin, contributing ante litteram at debunking the myth of “one universal Chinese grammar”.
Heating schemes and process parameters of induction heating of aluminium sheets for hot stamping
Authors: Tian Yankang , Wang Libo , Anyasodor Gerald , Xu Zhenhai , Qin Yi
Published: June 2019

Induction heating is one of the most popular metal heating technologies due to its high heating rate and high energy efficiency. This method is suitable for heating workpieces/blanks in different shapes, sizes and materials. Although induction heating of metal sheets has already been investigated by various research organizations and industrial companies, information concerning the induction heating of aluminium blanks is limited. Considering that hot stamping of aluminium sheets for automotive and aerospace applications is currently attracting a lot of attentions, it is timely important to gain more understanding on this technology by conducting in-depth investigations. Especially, investigations are required to address issues relating to the uneven temperature distributions developed in the metal sheets when they are heated, so that optimum designs could be obtained to improve the technology and its applications. This paper presents an in-depth analysis conducted recently for the investigation into heating schemes and process parameters in induction heating of aluminium sheets, mainly using 3D FE simulations, based on a general experimental validation. Different material, coil geometric and power-setting factors were considered during the modelling and analysis to examine their effects on the heating efficiency and developed temperature profiles. It was revealed from the simulations that design features of the induction coils affect the uniformity of the developed temperatures in the metal sheets. It is shown that an optimised combination of the coil design and the power setting could help to achieve higher heating rates, at the same time, also to achieve higher temperature-distribution uniformity. At the end of this paper, a discussion of practical factors that affect applications of induction heating of aluminium sheets for hot stamping applications is presented.
Incentive design with customer satisfaction for business process outsourcing: multi-taskvs. multi-agent
Authors: Shi Zhenyang , Liu Shaoxuan , Wu Ruijing
Published: June 2019

We study the incentive design decision of a firm that outsources its online marketing and operational business lines to professional external and internal service providers under the principalagent framework. Customer satisfaction is represented as the composite of the agents’ sales and quality-control efforts via the disconfirmation model, and is introduced into the demand model and incentive contracts. Two scenarios corresponding to whether the brand owner delegates business to a single agent or to multiple agents are studied. We derive the brand owner’s optimal contracts and the agents’ effort levels and conduct extensive sensitivity analyses regarding the influences of model parameters. We find that increases in the measure accuracy of customer satisfaction can bring significant benefit to the firm’s profitability, and explore how it is affected by system factors. Specifically, the benefit is more substantial when the marginal cost of quality-control effort is relatively smaller than the marginal cost of sales effort. An interesting discovery is that the brand owner always earns more profit by outsourcing business to multiple agents than to a single agent, mainly because of his inflexibility in reaching a balance between inducing higher effort levels and providing a sufficient risk premium in the singe-agent case. This profit gap can be expanded by incentivizing both agents on customer satisfaction measures, and is shown quite significant under certain settings in the numerical studies.
Quality of Life among University Students with Premenstrual Syndrome
Authors: Victor Fernanda Figueira , Souza Ariani Impieri , Barreiros Cynthia Danúbia Tavares , Barros João Lucas Nunes de , Silva Flavia Anchielle Carvalho da , Ferreira Ana Laura Carneiro Gomes
Published: June 2019

Objective To evaluate the quality of life among university students with premenstrual syndrome (PMS).

Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Faculdade Pernambucana de Saúde, in Recife, Brazil, between August 2016 and July 2017. Sociodemographic, gynecological, and lifestyle variables, and PMS occurrence, were investigated among 642 students. The short form of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL Bref) questionnaire was used to evaluate four domains of the quality of life of the students: physical, mental, social relationships, and environmental. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' criteria were used to define PMS.

Results Of the 642 students, 49.9% had PMS, 23.3% had mild PMS and 26.6% had premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Most of the students were between 18 and 24 years old, had regular menstrual cycles, and practiced physical activity. Regarding the physical and mental domains of the WHOQOL-Bref questionnaire, a statistically significant difference was observed between the students who did not have and those who had mild or PMDD (p < 0.001). A difference was also found between the students who did not have PMS and those who had mild PMS in the social relationships (p = 0.001) and environmental domains (p = 0.009).

Conclusion Mild PMS and PMDD are prevalent among university students on health-related courses, and the syndrome can affect the students' self-assessment of all the domains of quality of life.
Maternal Exposure to Alcohol and Low Birthweight: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pereira Priscilla Perez da Silva , Mata Fabiana Araújo Figueiredo Da , Figueiredo Ana Claudia Morais Godoy , Silva Roberta Borges , Pereira Maurício Gomes
Published: June 2019

Objective To investigate the relationship between maternal exposure to alcohol and low birthweight (LBW).

Methods The literature search was performed in January 2017 using the following electronic databases: Medline, Embase, LILACS, SciELO, Web of Science, Scopus, CINHAL, Proquest, and PsychInfo. The search strategy used the following terms: alcohol drinking, binge drinking, alcohol-related disorders, alcoholism, alcohol addiction/use/abuse/consumption, light/moderate/social/low drinking, low birthweight, case-control studies, retrospective studies, and cohort studies. No restrictions regarding language or publication date were considered. The literature search yielded 2,383 articles, and after screening and eligibility assessment, 39 articles were included in the systematic review, and 38 studies were included in the meta-analysis.

Results Maternal alcohol consumption was associated with LBW among retrospective cohort studies (relative risk [RR] = 1.37; 95%CI [confidence interval]:1.10–1.77; I2 = 98.4%; p < 0.01). Prospective cohort studies (RR = 1.11; 95%CI: 0.98–1.25; I2 = 81.5%; p < 0.01), and case-control studies (odds ration [OR] = 1.16; 95%CI: 0.68–1.97; I2 = 61.2%; p = 0.05) showed no association between alcohol and LBW. No publication bias was identified, and the meta-regression showed that the sample size influenced the high heterogeneity among retrospective cohort studies. The subgroup analysis showed differences in association between groups when compared by sample size, type of adjustment, or crude measures and publication year.

Conclusions We have not found an association between alcohol consumption during gestation and LBW in the analysis in all of the subgroups. In addition, we have found a high heterogeneity between the primary studies, which is related to methodological differences in the conduction of these studies.
Reconstruction of Distal Radius Osteochondral Defects Using Metatarsal Autografts: a Multi-case Series
Authors: Goon Patrick K.Y. , Stougie Shirley D. , Vaghela Kalpesh R. , Coert J. Henk
Published: June 2019

Objective Delayed reconstruction of the articular surface of the distal radius after trauma is a difficult problem for hand surgeons, and the common solution is usually partial or total wrist fusion, relieving pain but sacrificing motion. A relative novel reconstructive technique addresses the problem with a free microvascular osteochondral flap, using the 3rd metatarsal (3MT) bone. We investigate the possibility of using the same donor as a graft rather than a free flap.

Methods This was a prospective clinical study of patients with isolated lunate facet damage following trauma who underwent surgery to remove the damaged articular surface and in whom the defect was reconstructed with an osteochondral graft from the base of the 3MT. All of the patients were followed-up at specific time intervals, with pre- and postoutcome measures taken, including pain, grip strength, range of motion (ROM), and postoperative radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans to evaluate graft resorption and union. Only patients with isolated distal radius defects were included.

Results The average follow-up period was of 51 months (range: 14–73 months). The results of 7 patients included an average improvement of the pain score in the visual analogue scale (VAS) by 3 points, with an average arc of motion of 135°. In all, there was radiographic evidence of full incorporation of the graft, with no resorption. Donor site morbidity was minimal.

Conclusions The current gold standard for distal radius articular surface reconstruction remains a free 3MT osteochondral flap. However, our results using the base of the 3MT as a graft shows promise, and if further follow-up confirms comparable results to the free flap technique, this would mean an easier and equally robust reconstruction without complicated microsurgery.

Level of Evidence Therapeutic, Level V case series.
Terahertz resonance response of biological tissue placed on a silicon nanostructure
Authors: Taranets K. B. , Fomin M. A. , Klyachkin L. E. , Malyarenko A. M. , Bagraev N. T. , Chernev A. L.
Published: June 2019

We present a method for the measurements of the tetrahertz (THz) resonance response of DNA oligonucleotides deposited on a silicon nanosandwich (SNS). It is shown that the SNS device can be used to generate a THz resonance response within living biotissue. The technique we propose measures changes of the longitudinal conductance and the lateral voltage with the SNS device in a Hall geometry. The mechanism of the THz response is discussed, with a model of the generation of Shapiro steps. The THz resonance response from living biotissues will aid the diagnosis of oncological disease and, in general, form the basis of a rapid diagnosis in practical medicine.
Grain size effect on strain-rate dependence of mechanical properties of polycrystalline copper
Authors: Dou Wang , Wang Ben , Geng Xiaoliang , Fan Jitang
Published: June 2019

This work illustrates the grain size effect on strain-rate dependence of mechanical properties of polycrystalline copper through experimental characterisations and numerical calculations. The as-received and annealed samples with different grain sizes are prepared. Mechanical properties at high strain rates are experimentally attained by using a split Hopkinson pressure bar device. With the increase of grain size, dynamic flow stress decreases, but strain-rate dependence of flow stress increases. Johnson–Cook constitutive model is applied to carry out a numerical analysis about the grain size effect on strain-rate dependence of mechanical data and the quantificational illustrations are given.
The effects of lower limb wearable resistance on sprint running performance: A systematic review
Authors: Feser Erin H. , Macadam Paul , Cronin John B.
Published: June 2019

The aim of this review was to examine the literature that has used lower limb wearable resistance (WR) during sprint running. A systematic search was completed to identify acute and longitudinal studies assessing the effects of lower limb WR on sprint running performance from international peer‐reviewed journals. The Boolean phrases (limb OR leg OR lower extremity) AND (sprint*) AND (resist* OR weight OR load*) were used to search PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science electronic databases. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria and were retained for analysis that reported the acute kinematic and kinetic effects (n = 8), acute performance effects (n = 3), and longitudinal effects (n = 1). Results showed that the WR micro‐loading (0.6–5% body mass) significantly increased contact time (2.9–8.9%), decreased step frequency (−1.4 to −3.7%), and slowed total sprint times (0.6–7.4%). Unloaded sprinting immediately following sprints with lower limb WR resulted in no significant  change to total sprinting times. One longitudinal training study did not find a significant effect on maximal sprinting speed for non‐trained participants. It can be concluded that not all step kinematic variables are affected during sprinting with an added load up to 5% body mass. Therefore, coaches can use lower limb WR to selectively overload certain aspects of sprint running, in particular stride frequency. It also appears that lower limb WR overloads sprint movement velocity and may provide a stimulus to increase horizontal force output, therefore, it may be inferred that lower limb WR has the potential to elicit improved sprinting performance.
Multi-wavelength distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers for broadband trace gas spectroscopy
Authors: Shahmohammadi Mehran , Kapsalidis Filippos , Süess Martin J , Gini Emilio , Beck Mattias , Hundt Morten , Tuzson Béla , Emmenegger Lukas , Faist Jérôme
Published: June 2019

We review the progress of multi-wavelength distributed feedback (DFB) quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) as sources for broadband mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectroscopy. While it is possible to tune the emission wavelength of DFB QCLs in a frequency range of about 5 cm−1 by varying the operating temperature and driving current, continuous, deterministic and mode-hop free tuning remains challenging. To use these laser sources for broadband spectroscopy applications and to exploit their narrow linewidth, the equalization of the power across the multicolor spectrum is another requirement. Various approaches are reviewed: conventional DFB QCL arrays, surface emitting DFB QCL arrays, on-chip beam combined DFB arrays, multi-channel Vernier-based switching DFBs, and dual-wavelength DFBs. The results are presented to highlight the applicability of these sources for broadband and high-resolution trace gas spectroscopy. The results for multi-species trace-gas spectroscopy using dual-wavelength QCLs are presented in more detail, where the best precision as determined from Allan-Werle plots was obtained for measurement of NH3 with 0.02 parts per billion (ppb) at 100 s integration time, and typical values for the other trace gases of the order of 0.1 ppb. These results indicate that spectrometers using dual-wavelength QCLs can serve as an all-in-one solution for high precision gas spectroscopy.
Propagation of elastic solitons in chains of pre-deformed beams
Authors: Deng Bolei , Zhang Yuning , He Qi , Tournat Vincent , Wang Pai , Bertoldi Katia
Published: June 2019

We use a combination of experiments, numerical analysis and theory to investigate the nonlinear dynamic response of a chain of precompressed elastic beams. Our results show that this simple system offers a rich platform to study the propagation of large amplitude waves. Compression waves are strongly dispersive, whereas rarefaction pulses propagate in the form of solitons. Further, we find that the model describing our structure closely resembles those introduced to characterize the dynamics of several molecular chains and macromolecular crystals, suggesting that our macroscopic system can provide insights into the effect of nonlinear vibrations on molecular mechanisms.
Current distribution in narrow translation-invariant quantum-Hall-systems with lateral density modulation
Authors: Gerhardts Rolf R
Published: June 2019

A previously developed self-consistent screening and magneto-transport theory for laterally confined, translation-invariant quantum-Hall-systems is applied to two-dimensional electron systems created by a donor sheet with a lateral density modulation. The previous calculations, assuming a homogeneous donor charge density, could explain experimental results on the spatial distribution of an applied source-drain-current, and the resulting Hall potential, only for the ‘edge-dominated’ low-magnetic-field part of a quantum-Hall-plateau, where the current flows through incompressible stripes near the edges. For the high-magnetic-field regime of the plateau, they predicted current flow only in a narrow stripe in the center of the sample, whereas the experiments found current in a wide region of its bulk. Assuming a suitably modulated donor charge density, we can avoid this discrepancy, and we obtain a strong dependence of the distribution of the applied current on magnetic field, lattice temperature, and the current-strength.
Lunar surface potential and electric field*
Authors: Li Lei , Zhang Yi-Teng , Zhou Bin , Feng Yong-Yong
Published: June 2019

The Moon has no significant atmosphere, thus its surface is exposed to solar ultraviolet radiation and the solar wind. Photoemission and collection of the solar wind electrons and ions may result in lunar surface charging. On the dayside, the surface potential is mainly determined by photoelectrons, modulated by the solar wind; while the nightside surface potential is a function of the plasma distribution in the lunar wake. Taking the plasma observations in the lunar environment as inputs, the global potential distribution is calculated according to the plasma sheath theory, assuming Maxwellian distributions for the surface emitted photoelectrons and the solar wind electrons. Results show that the lunar surface potential and sheath scale length change versus the solar zenith angle, which implies that the electric field has a horizontal component in addition to the vertical one. By differentiating the potential vertically and horizontally, we obtain the global electric field. It is found that the vertical electric field component is strongest at the subsolar point, which has a magnitude of 1 V m−1. The horizontal component is much weaker, and mainly appears near the terminator and on the nightside, with a magnitude of several mV m−1. The horizontal electric field component on the nightside is rotationally symmetric around the wake axis and is strongly determined by the plasma parameters in the lunar wake.
Dish Verification Antenna China for the SKA: design, verification and status
Authors: Du Biao , Wu Yang , Zheng Yuan-Peng , Chai Xiao-Ming , Liu Guo-Xi , Wang Hai-Dong , Zhang Yi-Fan , Yu Sheng-Hua , Liu Bin , Yu Ye-Zhao , Xi Hong-Wei , Chen Long , Yu Lei , Liu Dong-Liang , Jin Cheng-Jin , Peng Bo
Published: June 2019

The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will be the world’s largest synthesis radio telescope, which is designed to answer major scientific questions such as those relating to the cosmic origin and fundamental forces in the universe. With the SKA entering into the phase of pre-construction, more than 100 institutes in about 20 countries including China have been involved in the associated key technology development. The Dish Verification Antenna China (DVA-C) is a concept prototype which has been built to meet the requirements of the SKA’s scientific goals. It utilizes a unique skin-and-rib structure with single-piece panel reflectors. This paper presents details on the design and measured performances of DVA-C, as well as the preliminary observational results. Current applications of the DVA-C are also introduced.
Effect of Phase Shift on Mixed Convection in a Rectangular Vented Cavity filled with a Nanofluid and Submitted to Periodic Heating
Authors: Arroub I. , Bahlaoui A. , Ezzaraa K. , Raji A. , Hasnaoui M. , Naïmi M.
Published: June 2019

The characteristic of flow and heat transfer of Al2O3-water nanofluids flowing through a horizontal ventilated cavity is investigated numerically. The bottom wall is subjected to a sinusoidal hot temperature profile, whereas the other boundaries are assumed to be thermally insulated. In fact, the flow comes forcedly into the system from the bottom of the left vertical wall and leaves it from the top of the right one by suction. The simulations focus on the effects of different key parameters, such as Reynolds number (200 ≤ Re ≤ 5000), nanoparticle’s concentration (0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.05) and phase deviation of the sinusoidal heating (γ equal 0 or π), on the flow and thermal patterns and heat transfer performances. The obtained results show that the presence of nanoparticles increases the heat transfer and the mean temperature within the cavity. In addition, the phase shift of the heating temperature may lead to periodic solutions for weaker values of Re and contributes to an increase or a decrease of heat transfer depending on the value of ϕ and the convection regime.
Developing instrumentation for analysis of CPV TwinFocus® system
Authors: Nardello M , Centro S
Published: June 2019

Concentrator photovoltaics (CPV) is a technology that offers an alternative to standard silicon modules, being more efficient and eco-friendlier. AtemEnergia is developing a CPV product with good characteristics of efficiency and reliability. To monitor the progresses of our prototypes, test their quality and discover potential defects in the devices and in the production lane, custom experimental setups were necessary, to investigate the peculiar characteristics of this technology, avoiding the huge costs of commercial instrumentation in this field. Here is an overview of the tests necessary to guarantee the correct production quality, along with the custom solutions we adopted for their implementation.
A computational investigation on the electronic and optical properties of Coronene and its Boron-Nitride and perfluorinated counterparts
Authors: Mocci P , Cardia R , Cappellini G
Published: June 2019

We present a computational study on the electronic and optical properties of a representative C-made and Boron-Nitride-made (BN) planar molecule of interest for potential applications in the solid state domain. In particular, we analyzed the case of Coronene (C24H12) in its BN and perfluorinated analogues. We performed all electrons Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time Dependent-DFT (TD-DFT) calculations using a localized Gaussian basis-set in combination with a hybrid exchange-correlation functional. For all the systems we have calculated different electronic properties and the optical absorption spectra. A discussion on the possible implications of the general trends, observed for the BN-made clusters properties as compared to their C-based parents, will be given.
Monte Carlo simulation of the LIDAL-ALTEA detector system
Authors: Berucci C , De Donato C , Di Fino L , La Tessa C , Masciantonio G , Messi R , Morone M C , Rizzo A , Rovituso M , Tommasino F , Narici L
Published: June 2019

The LIDAL (Light Ion Detector for ALTEA) is a device designed to work paired with three silicon detector units of ALTEA (Anomalous Long Term Effects on Astronauts) in order to improve the particle identification capabilities of ALTEA on the International Space Station also providing Time-of-Flight measurements. The LIDAL-ALTEA goal is to measure ions from protons up to iron in real time. The improved measurements of the radiation environment inside ISS will be very valuable for radiation risk assessment and mitigation. It is necessary to have a detailed simulation of the apparatus response to cosmic ray nuclei in order to assess the detector response, its observational capabilities and to set the relevant parameters of the device. Here a new Monte Carlo simulation of the LIDAL-ALTEA setup and physics processes, in the framework of FLUKA, is presented. A comparison between Monte Carlo simulations and calibration data is also shown.
Neutron production with particle accelerators
Authors: De Luca D , Campajola L , Casolaro P
Published: June 2019

Neutron beams have been produced at Laboratory of High Energy Physics (LHEP) of University of Bern. LEHP is equipped with an 18 MeV cyclotron with an external beam line. Simulations, analytical calculations and kinematics studies have been carried out, in order to produce several neutron beam configurations with characteristics suited for specific applications. Furthermore, a procedure for energy modulation has been developed to match the fixed cyclotron energy to the needed requirements. The technique described in this work is of general application and can be applied to more intense beams up to 1010 pps.
Thermal noise reduction for future gravitational wave detectors
Authors: Lumaca Diana
Published: June 2019

The coating thermal noise limits the sensitivity in gravitational wave detectors from few tens to hundreds Hz, where first gravitational signals were detected and others are expected. In view of future upgrades, the increase in the mechanical performances of reflective coatings, retaining their outstanding optical and morphological properties, is fundamental. In the Virgo collaboration a coating R&D group working with this aim is born. One of the research lines regards the mechanical characterization of both substrates and coatings, looking for materials with low mechanical loss angle. To perform a precise coating mechanical characterization, the substrate on which it is deposited must be characterized as well and must be stable with respect to its dissipative behaviour. Commercial SiO2 substrates are subject to effects that change their mechanical condition during time, compromising the characterization. The source of these spurious losses is related to the rough lateral surface: after its polishing, this behaviour is largely reduced. We designed and assemble a facility for the CO2 laser polishing of the substrates barrel, to provide a reliable heat treatment, reducing spurious losses to a negligible level. Other further treatments have been tested, with the aim of taking under control ϕ deterioration. We develop a procedure to prepare SiO2 samples for coating deposition. Procedure steps, mechanical characterizations and first results are shown.