bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Screening of cardiovascular risk assessment accuracy of anthropometric indices in Indian children and adolescents
Authors: Aggarwal Mohit , Singh Shailendra , Bansal Anubhuti , Desiraju Bapu Koundinya , Agrawal Anurag
Published: May 2021

Background: Body mass index (BMI) is the most popular anthropometric marker to define obesity and cardiometabolic risk. BMI is limited in its ability to discriminate central adiposity and other indices such as waist circumference (WC), and waist to height ratio (WHtR) could be a better choice. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relative accuracy of these indices for the prediction of hypertension in Indian children and young adults.

Methods: Anthropometric indices and blood pressure measurements were obtained in 2609 adolescent children and young adults (10-20 years) across a national residential school system. Z-scores were calculated for anthropometric parameters using the Box-Cox-Cole-Green method and World Health Organization (WHO) growth charts. Hypertension was defined using the sex, age and height specific cutoffs for systolic blood pressure. Receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis was performed to examine the predictive ability. 

Results: Girls had higher BMI for age in our dataset (p < 0.001), along with higher odds for stunting (95% CI: 1.21 – 1.88) as well as central obesity (95% CI: 2.44 – 3.99). Hypertension was seen in 10.6% of the subjects, with higher age, and higher BMI or WHtR as the predictors. Prehypertension was higher in males (p <0.001). WHtR had acceptable but modest discrimination ability for hypertension (AUC > 0.6) in boys (AUC=0.62) and girls (AUC=0.66). Performance of BMI was better in boys (AUC = 0.67) but poor in girls (AUC = 0.55)

Conclusion: WHtR was a better predictor of hypertension in Indian adolescent girls and could be used as an augmented parameter to BMI for a better assessment of cardiovascular risk.
Simultaneous Volar Pulp and Nail Bed Reconstruction with the Second Toe Onychocutaneous Free Flap
Authors: Lee Kyung Jin , Park Ilou , Roh Si Young , Koh Sung Hoon , Kim Jin Soo , Hong Min Ki
Published: May 2021

Fingertip injury is one of the most common hand injuries. Although several types of advancement and cross-finger flaps exist, they would not be essential for nail bed defects. The authors present a simultaneous volar pulp and nail bed reconstructive technique that uses a second toe onychocutaneous free flap. Four patients without amputees underwent fingertip amputation reconstruction between 2011 and 2019. After thorough debridement, the defect size was estimated, and the digital arteries, nerves, and veins of the recipient were evaluated. The flap, composed of pulp tissue and nail bed, was harvested with continuity from the second toe. Additional split-thickness skin grafts were performed in two cases. All flaps survived without considerable complications. We evaluated the scar and contour, and nail growth was reported over Zook’s criteria grade B. The second toe onychocutaneous free flap provides a reliable option for fingertip defects that involve pulp tissue and nail bed without further amputation.
Nível de atividade física de estudantes de educação física no Brasil: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Silva Vitor Tavares da , Silva Lorena Rodrigues , Oliveira Vinicius Guadalupe Barcelos , Ramson Bianca Pagel , Caputo Eduardo Lucia , Silva Marcelo Cozzensa da
Published: May 2021

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar os níveis de atividade física de estudantes do curso de Educação Física no Brasil. Metodologicamente tratou-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, a qual foi estruturada a partir das recomendações do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados LILACS, PubMed, SciELO e SPORTDiscus. Os artigos originais incluídos foram apenas aqueles que apresentavam resultados quanto ao nível de atividade física de estudantes do curso de graduação em Educação Física, no Brasil, bem como utilizaram instrumentos validados. A partir dos critérios de inclusão, 15 estudos passaram pelas etapas de análise. A maioria das investigações ocorreram na região Sul do Brasil, utilizou o International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) para aferir a atividade física e as recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) na avaliação do nível de prática. Todos os estudos apresentaram uma alta prevalência de estudantes fisicamente ativos, variando entre 71,5% e 100%. Pode-se concluir que os estudantes do curso de Educação Física têm se mostrado enquanto uma população predominantemente ativa no Brasil.
Geometrical Bounds for Variance and Recentered Moments
Authors: Lim Tongseok , McCann Robert J.
Published: May 2021

We bound the variance and other moments of a random vector based on the range of its realizations, thus generalizing inequalities of Popoviciu and of Bhatia and Davis concerning measures on the line to several dimensions. This is done using convex duality and (infinite-dimensional) linear programming. The following consequence of our bounds exhibits symmetry breaking, provides a new proof of Jung’s theorem, and turns out to have applications to the aggregation dynamics modelling attractive–repulsive interactions: among probability measures on [Formula: see text] whose support has diameter at most [Formula: see text], we show that the variance around the mean is maximized precisely by those measures that assign mass [Formula: see text] to each vertex of a standard simplex. For [Formula: see text], the [Formula: see text] th moment—optimally centered—is maximized by the same measures among those satisfying the diameter constraint.
A Cobra e o Sapo do Racismo no Brasil l The Evolving Nature of Racism and Anti-Racism In Brazil
Authors: Lindgren-Alves J. A.
Published: May 2021

A morte repulsiva de George Floyd nos Estados Unidos trouxe de volta a luta contra o racismo estrutural para a frente dos movimentos sociais no mundo. O presente ensaio sumaria tendências gerais da evolução da questão racial no Brasil, para chegar à situação atual. Nesta, a militância antirracista se torna crescentemente radical, enquanto a destruição de conquistas prévias pelo governo extremista de direita prossegue sem oposição efetiva.Palavras-chaves: Racismo Estrutural; Antirracismo; Brasil. ABSTRACTThe outrageous killing of George Floyd in the United States brought back the fight against structural racism to the forefront of social movements in the world. This essay sumarizes general trends of the evolution of the racial question in Brazil, in order to reach the current Brazilian situation, in which advocacy of antirracism turns increasingly radical, while destruction of former advances goes on by the extremist far right government in power, without concrete opposition.Keywords: Structural Racism; Anti-Racism; Brazil. Recebido em: 20/04/2021.
NÓS POR NÓS MESMOS – UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA DECOLONIAL EM EDUCAÇÃO NO COMPLEXO DA MARÉ
Authors: De Medeiros Cristiano Sant'anna , Silva Isadora Souza , Ferreira João Victor Gonçalves
Published: May 2021

Este ensaio é registro de uma reflexão nascida a partir da prática vivida por nós, autores, há mais de quinze anos atuando como profissionais de educação em áreas conflagradas da cidade do Rio de Janeiro e Grande Rio. A ação educacional descrita, aconteceu no Complexo da Maré, especificamente na Escola Municipal Nova Holanda, situada na favela que leva o mesmo nome, mas poderia ter acontecido em qualquer outra comunidade carioca, haja visto as peculiaridades existentes num contexto de favela, que tem na ausência do poder público, seu maior desencadeador. Numa escrita insurgente pautada na decolonialidade, mantemos diálogo com nossos pares, autores e pesquisadores das favelas, quebradas e periferias do sul global, que busca olhar os saberes dessas localidades com a mesma relevância de saberes outros.
EM DEFESA DA EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO: ENFRENTANDO O DESMONTE DAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS
Authors: Bicalho Ramofly , Macedo Pedro Clei Sanches , Rodrigues Guilherme Goretti
Published: May 2021

A educação do campo, enquanto direito histórico dos camponeses, possibilita as condições de superação da realidade de injustiças que marcam o campo brasileiro. Representa o acúmulo de experiências políticas dos movimentos sociais populares, por uma educação que respeite a diversidade dos sujeitos, individuais e coletivos, do campo, assim como, as condições materiais e subjetivas de vida, por meio da luta por reforma agrária popular. Por outro lado, a educação do campo, enquanto política pública, foi duramente atacada nos últimos anos, reflexo do avanço do discurso ultraconservador que ameaça o conjunto dos povos tradicionais que lutam, trabalham e produzem conhecimento no campo. Nesse sentido, este artigo tem por objetivo principal resgatar os elementos que sustentam as políticas públicas de educação do campo, fazendo frente ao atual cenário de retrocessos, por meio do fortalecimento dos movimentos sociais, educadores/as do campo, escolas e projetos político-pedagógicos emancipadores. Trata-se de uma apresentação de abordagem qualitativa, bibliográfica e documental, com reflexões que contemplem os desafios e estratégias de luta na atualidade, para manutenção das políticas públicas de educação do campo, historicamente conquistadas. O artigo documental foi desenvolvido em acervos bibliográficos. Entre as fontes de investigação, utilizamos legislações, portarias e decretos acerca das interfaces entre políticas públicas de educação do campo e movimentos sociais. Concluímos que a educação do campo, como práxis libertadora, é utilizada no processo de compreensão das lutas e demandas educacionais defendida pelos movimentos sociais. Ela dialoga com os gestos, desejos, valores e a luta pela terra.
Preparedness of Future Physical Education Teachers for Sports-Patriotic Activity
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Pelipas Dmytro
Published: May 2021

The article deals with the problem of readiness of future physical education teachers to sports-patriotic activity. We examined the emergence and development of the category "readiness" in the studies of psychologists, physiologists, teachers, specialists of physical culture and sport. Different approaches to the definition of readiness for activity in individual researchers are explained by different types of readiness, different types of activity itself and the specificity of a variety of professional specialties. We have determined that the readiness of future physical culture teachers for sports-patriotic activity is a complex, integral category, which consists of psychological, scientific-theoretical, psychophysical and physical training, and is a state of professional mastery of a teacher and the possibility of its implementation in practice with the aim of sports-patriotic education of the younger generation. According to the quality of readiness of future physical culture teachers for sports-patriotic activity, we have defined the following criteria: informational and cognitive; motivational and axiological, reflexive, operative, activity-practical. The determined levels and indicators of future physical education teachers' readiness for sports-patriotic activity: low, medium, high. Further research will focus on the connection of sport-patriotic activity of future physical culture teachers with the aspects of functioning in the conditions of New Ukrainian School.
Motor Culture and Anti-Stress Plastic Gymnastics at the Present Stage
Authors:   SS ", Borisenko Liliia ,   Lysychansk Pedagogical College as part of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University", Krоshka Svitlana ,   SS "Lysychansk Pedagogical College as part of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University"
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the work is to study the development of anti-stress plastic gymnastics (APG) as a promising area of motor culture. The article reveals anti-stress plastic gymnastics – a new direction of mass health exercise. It is a holistic approach to human moral and physical health based on improving the quality of physical movement, balance of the nervous system and thinking. Gymnastics is the basis of all individual sports and physical activity. Gymnastics helps to develop kinesthetic awareness much better than any other activity. Kinesthetic awareness is the sensation of body movement. Anti-stress plastic gymnastics is a culture of movements that will replace any medication. It in coordination of physical movements and the neuropsychological device guarantees effect of increase of a tone and improvement of the general condition of an organism. Gymnastics helps to restore joint mobility, lost flexibility, the natural beauty of movement, internal balance. The method of anti-stress plastic gymnastics is specially designed to protect mental health and serves as an effective means of combating physical and mental overload and their consequences. Teachers of Lysychansk Pedagogical College, in particular L. Borisenko, conducts master classes. Developed a video of the appeal and practically showed the implementation of exercises with APG. Uses elements of APG during classes in disciplines of professionally-oriented cycle.
Motives of Students for Practicing Fitness Technologies
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Shynkarova Olena
Published: May 2021

The article considers the general characteristics of fitness technologies, identifies the main motives and needs of students. With the popularization and development of the fitness industry, solutions to the problem of attracting students to physical education in the framework of training sessions can be found in the possibilities of using various modern fitness technologies. As practice shows, today the most popular fitness technologies are: classical aerobics, dance aerobics, step aerobics, fitball aerobics, strength aerobics using various weights, Pilates, fitness yoga, aqua aerobics, and are gaining great popularity crossfit technologies, etc. To determine the main motives and needs of applicants to engage in various fitness technologies, we conducted a survey and survey of students of the educational and scientific institute of physical education and sports of the State Institution «Lugansk National University named after Taras Shevchenko». 67 students of 1-4 courses took part in these surveys and questionnaires. The list of received motives fully reflects the interests and needs of modern youth. Integrated fitness technologies help to meet the needs and motives of students, increase the level of physical fitness, and also have a positive effect on academic performance and attendance, thereby ensuring the effectiveness of the educational process.
Academic Literacy as a Means of Intercultural Communication and an Integral Part of Higher Education Quality
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Otravenko Olena , Shekhavtsova Svitlana ,   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Dovgan Nadiia ,   University of State Fiscal Service of Ukraine
Published: May 2021

The article considers the development of academic literacy and intercultural communication in applicants of higher education institutions. In the context of the rapid development of modern information technologies, the European context of higher education sets a demand for qualitative changes in the training of competitive specialists, aimed at the requests of employers. The objective of the article is to analyse theoretical and methodological approaches to the development of academic literacy skills in students, which is the key to education quality, competitiveness in the professional environment and the field of international scientific communications. It has been determined that in modern conditions, with the increase of the use of digital communication technologies in the educational process and their availability, the blended learning model acquires large-scale significance and can stipulate the integration of educational activities and the introduction of digital communications for the development of communication competence in applicants. The basis of academic literacy is comprised of the following skills: operation of diverse languages, understanding of differences between these languages, and comprehension of the languages. Feedback allows students to realize and adjust their activity in accordance with the optimal activity strategy in an artificially created environment. Based on the communicative interaction, students and teachers discuss creative projects, use digital tools and web services to design multimedia electronic educational resources of Moodle system (an educational university portal). In order to improve professional training effectiveness of applicants and the quality of the higher education system, the educational environment should create a new academic community with academic literacy, academic integrity, and, in quarantine conditions, pay great attention to effective online communication. To do this, higher education institutions need to create a system of comprehensive development of academic literacy, academic integrity at all stages of education. That requires activation of discussion on these issues in foreign publications with an impact factor, professional periodicals, at scientific conferences, forums, seminars, webinars and trainings.
Independent work of Future Teachers of Physical Culture in a Capture the Playing Types of Sport on the Basis of the Personality Oriented Studies
Authors:   Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Sopotnytska Olena , Kotova Olena ,   Bogdan Khmelnitsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted research of problem of independent work of future teachers of physical culture in a capture the playing types of sport. A task the article is in theory to ground independent work of future teachers of physical culture to trainer's activity in the playing types of sport on the basis of the personality oriented approach. The features of independent work of students of faculties of physical education are reflected. Certainly concept independent work of future teachers of physical culture which prepares them to trainer's activity in the playing types of sport on the basis of the personality oriented studies. Influence of the personality oriented studies is well-proven on organization of independent work of students. Described types of independent work of future teachers of physical culture to trainer's activity in the playing types of sport (audience, pozaauditorna obligatory, pozaauditorna individual independent work) and given forms of its realization. Consequently, perfection of independent work of future teachers of physical culture in quality of trainers on the basis of the personality oriented studies is examined by us as the real possibility independently to seize knowledges, to form an own world view and pawn the detailed bases of pedagogical trade of trainer from the playing types of sport.
Practical Component in Professional Training of Future Special Educators
Authors:   MI ", Telna Olha ,   Kharkiv Humanitarian and Pedagogical Academy",   of the Kharkiv Regional Council
Published: May 2021

The article explores some acute issues of the professional training with students of the Special Education departments. Closer attention is given to analysis of the purpose and goals of having practical classes in special and inclusive educational settings, as well as to general and special competences, gaining by students in process of participating in various practical activities at an educational setting. Author also looks at some peculiarities of the students’ interaction with in-service teachers with an emphasis on usefulness of building interpersonal relationship between future and present specialists. The analysis provided shows that teaching practice in special and inclusive educational settings during the whole program of their learning has positive impact on the professional competence of the future special educators. Author concludes by saying that practical component in training of special educators needs further improvement, especially in the sphere of involving future specialists into self-advocacy and human rights campaigns.
Management of the Processes of Pedagogical Socialization of a Personality on the Basis of Physical Culture
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Tolchieva Hanna , Saienko Volodymyr ,   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Śliwa Sławomir ,   Higher School of Management and Administration
Published: May 2021

The article highlights the general and functional issues of socialization of the individual in educational institutions and educational structures of the state. The means of managing the directions of the acquisition of knowledge about the environment by young people and potentially useful skills in relation to the implementation of socially useful activities, the development of norms and value orientations of behavior, the potential opportunities for the inclusion of an individual in interaction are combined. The attention of pedagogical specialists is drawn to the existence of changes in the processes of upbringing, training and socialization of a person and their convergence, which is explained by the influence of market relations, individualization of relations and the introduction into circulation of the principles of pedagogical management and socialization. To improve the state of affairs, the tools for the development and socialization of the individual should be based on the program of youth policy. Its movement is recommended to be carried out in the network of benefit performances of youth startups, exchange of experience between regions, cells of scouts and scouts, laboratories of youth initiatives at youth centers, connected with the latest technologies, developed in the updated management system of state general education, vocational education, educational workers and scientific reproduction cells adapted to market demand. It is recommended to continue monitoring the psychological perception of the socialization process in terms of the totality of its forms and characteristics.
The Problem of Professional Training of Future Physical Education Teachers for Innovative Activities in the Conditions of Inclusive Education
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Gordienko Pavlo
Published: May 2021

The article considers the problem of preparing physical education specialists for inclusive education. We investigated the legislative base of inclusive education, scientific and methodical literature on the topic. We came to the conclusion that "inclusive physical education" is a flexible, individualized system of physical education of children with special needs in the conditions of mass education. Physical education teachers are poorly informed about inclusive education, don't understand how they organize physical education work with children with special needs and most believe that inclusive children belong in special schools. The reasons for this attitude are: insufficient training in higher education institutions; imperfect system of forms of work with children with special needs; insufficient information about inclusive education in physical education classes by the administration of the educational institution. The main idea of modernization of the professional training process of physical education and sport specialists is to at least create conditions, allowing students in the educational process of higher education institution to develop innovative ideas in the conditions of inclusion. To develop creative thinking on the implementation of innovative physical education technologies. But at most, the creation of a viable pedagogical system of inclusive education, based on innovative technologies, which would provide a modern quality of training a new type of specialists, who have the knowledge, skills and abilities of an innovative teacher, a teacher-scientist.
Application of an Ultrasonic Sensor to Monitor Soil Erosion and Deposition
Authors: Knox Jessica E. , Mittelstet Aaron R.
Published: May 2021

Highlights

A sediment monitoring system was developed to measure erosion and deposition.

The system uses an ultrasonic sensor to take high-frequency measurements.

Tests in controlled lab settings showed high accuracy.

The system measured 43.5 cm of deposition from two storm events.

Abstract. Monitoring erosion at high temporal resolution can provide researchers and managers the data necessary to manage erosion. Current erosion monitoring methods tend to be invasive to the area of interest, record low-frequency measurements, have a narrow spatial range of measurement, or are expensive. There is a need for an affordable system capable of monitoring erosion and deposition non-invasively at high temporal resolution. The objectives of this research were to (1) design and construct a non-invasive sediment monitoring system (SMS) using an ultrasonic sensor capable of monitoring erosion and deposition continuously, (2) test the system in the lab and field, and (3) determine the applications and limitations of the system. The SMS was tested in the lab to determine the extent to which the soil type, slope, surface topography, change in distance, and vegetation impacted the measurements of the ultrasonic sensor. Soil type, slope, and surface topography had little effect on the measurement, but distance and the introduction of vegetation impacted the measurement. In the field during high flows, as erosion and deposition occurred, the changes in distance were determined in near real-time, allowing calculation of erosion and deposition quantities. The SMS was deployed to monitor deposition on sandy streambanks in the Nebraska Sandhills and erosion on a streambank and field plot in Lincoln, Nebraska. The SMS proved successful in measuring sediment change during high-flow events but yielded some error: ±1.06 mm in controlled lab settings and ±10.79 mm when subjected to environmental factors such as temperature, relative humidity, and wind. Keywords: Deposition, Erosion, Monitoring, Ultrasonic sensor.
Quantifying the Importance of Preferential Flow in a Riparian Buffer
Authors: Guertault Lucie , Fox Garey A. , Halihan Todd , Muñoz-Carpena Rafael
Published: May 2021

Highlights

Riparian buffers and vegetative filter strips are uniquely susceptible to preferential flow.

An innovative method is proposed to partition infiltration into matrix and macropore domains.

Riparian buffer matrix and plot-scale infiltration experiments were simulated with HYDRUS-1D and VFSMOD.

Preferential flow accounted for 32% to 47% of infiltration depending on hydrologic conditions.

Preferential flow mechanisms should be incorporated into riparian buffer design tools and models.

Abstract. Riparian buffers are uniquely susceptible to preferential flow due to the abundance of root channels, biological activity, and frequent wetting and drying cycles. Previous research has indicated such susceptibility and even measured the connectivity of preferential flow pathways with adjacent streams and rivers. However, limited research has attempted to partition the riparian buffer infiltration between matrix and preferential flow domains. The objectives of this research were to develop an innovative method to quantify soil matrix infiltration at the plot scale, develop a method to partition infiltration into matrix and macropore infiltration at the plot scale, and then use these methods to quantify the significance of macropore infiltration at a riparian buffer site. This research further demonstrated the importance of considering preferential flow processes in design tools and models to evaluate riparian buffer effectiveness. Sprinkler and runon field experiments were conducted at an established riparian buffer site with sandy loam soil. Trenches were installed and instrumented with soil moisture sensors along the width of the riparian buffer (i.e., along the flow path toward the stream) for detecting non-uniform flow patterns due to preferential flow. Riparian buffer parameters, including soil hydraulic parameters, were estimated using HYDRUS-1D for the sprinkler experiments and VFSMOD for the runon experiments. This research partitioned the infiltration into matrix and preferential flow domains by assuming negligible exchange of water between the soil matrix and preferential flow pathways in comparison to the magnitude of soil matrix flow. For these experimental conditions with 0.20 to 0.48 L s-1 of runon and initial soil water contents of 0.29 to 0.32 cm3 cm-3, preferential flow accounted for at least 27% to 32% of the total runon water entering the riparian buffer. This corresponded to approximately 32% to 47% of the total infiltration. While increasing the riparian buffer plot soil hydraulic conductivity in single-porosity models can adequately predict the total infiltration and therefore the surface outflow from the buffer, design tools and models should specifically consider preferential flow processes to improve predictive power regarding the actual infiltration processes and correspondingly the non-equilibrium flow and solute transport mechanisms. Keywords: Flow partitioning, HYDRUS, Matrix flow, Preferential flow, Riparian buffer, VFSMOD.
Review: Microbial induced mineralization of calcium carbonate for self-healing concrete
Authors: Elkhateeb Waill , Elnahas Marwa O. , Daba Ghoson
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Elkhateeb WA, Elnahas MO, Daba GM. 2021. Review: Microbial induced mineralization of calcium carbonate for self-Healing concrete. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 19: 1-9. Low-cost solutions achieving concrete self-healing are attracting researchers attention. Generally, concrete self-healing mechanism has been so far accomplished by three approaches: autogenous healing, encapsulation of polymeric material, and microbial induced mineralization of calcium carbonate. Microbial approach seems like an attractive potent, relatively cheap way to achieve concrete self-healing. Hence, this review elucidates the microbial concrete self-healing mechanisms, and compare the roles of fungal and bacterial mediated self-healing concrete.
Short Communication: Analysis of purity and concentration of extracted DNA on salted fish processed food products
Authors: Sophian Alfi
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Sophian A. 2021. Short Communication: Analysis of purity and concentration of extracted DNA on salted fish processed food products. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 19: 21-24. Analysis of purity and concentration of extracted DNA on salted fish processed food products was carried out in the microbiology and molecular biology testing laboratory of the Food and Drug Administration in Gorontalo. The purpose of this study was to analyze the extracted DNA on salted fish processed food products based on the concentration and purity values in the A260 / A230 and A260 / A280 wavelengths. The method used for purity and concentration analysis was the absorbance method using a nanophotometer. The samples used were 10 types of salted fish processed food products sampled from 5 (five) traditional markets in Gorontalo City. The sample was extracted using the spin column method with the Dneasy Mericon Food Kit (50) paint kit. 69514 (Qiagen). The research data showed that extracted sample concentration was in the range of 24,600 - 27,150 with an average of 25,745, while purity value measured at A260 / A280 wavelength was obtained with a purity range between 1,668 - 1,768 with an average of 1,729. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the results of DNA extraction carried out on salted fish processed food products show a value that is in the category of good DNA extraction results.
Who Is Leading the Field in 2020?: AAIDD Students and Early Career Professionals
Authors: Crane Jill M. , Williamson Heather J. , Raley Sheida K. , Hagiwara Mayumi , Lee Chung eun , Havercamp Susan M.
Published: May 2021

The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) has been a leader in the field of intellectual and developmental disabilities since its founding in 1876. Today, student and early career professionals make up approximately 8.5% of the organization, with their engagement supported by the Student and Early Career Professional Interest Network (SECP). An article by Havercamp et al. (2003), “Who Will Lead the Field Beyond 2020?”, recommended organizational changes that have been largely addressed in the years following by SECP. The present research replicates Havercamp et al.'s (2003) original survey of the organization's student and early career professionals, and results support the effectiveness of SECP as a welcoming platform from which students and early career professionals can establish themselves in the organization.
Ray tracing method for removing sidelobe laser interference in AOTF-based hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Shi Shaoguang , Lv Xiaobo , Wang Ziye , Guo Jinchuan , Huang Yuanhao
Published: May 2021

The sidelobe phenomenon of acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF)-based
hyperspectral imaging is the result of the phase mismatching
condition, which will reduce the quality of hyperspectral imaging
data. This phenomenon can be observed in two specified scenes, namely,
high brightness panchromatic target imaging and high brightness
monochromatic target imaging. In this paper, the acousto-optic
interaction in these two scenes is discussed using the phase matching
condition. As a follow-up work of the previous related research, this
paper studies laser interference in AOTF imaging, which is a typical
example of the second case. A method to remove laser sidelobes in
AOTF-based hyperspectral imaging is proposed, which combines a series
of procedures including laser point extraction, reverse imaging before
AOTF, ray tracing in AOTF, forward imaging process after AOTF, and
laser elimination. Experimental results have verified the
effectiveness of the proposed method.
Speckle-reduced reconstruction of a single-shot hologram by multiple tip–tilt modulations
Authors: Yang Feng , Zhu Lei , Wei Kai , Zhang Yudong , Cao Liangcai
Published: May 2021

Speckle can be attenuated by averaging the reconstructed images of each sub-hologram or being filtered with different filters, at the expense of resolution. We propose a de-speckling method for a single-shot digital hologram while maintaining the resolution. Different tip–tilt phases are demonstrated to cause changes only for the speckle distributions of the reconstructed image. The speckle is attenuated by averaging these intensity images with different speckle distributions. The normalized contrast can be reduced to 0.56 by averaging only 20 different reconstructed images. When the averaged image is processed with block matching and 3D filtering, a further de-speckled image at a normalized contrast of 0.46 can be obtained with highly preserved resolution.
Hybrid reflection retrieval method for terahertz dielectric imaging of human bone
Authors: Freer Suzanna , Sui Cong , Hanham Stephen M. , Grover Liam M. , Navarro-Cía Miguel
Published: May 2021

Terahertz imaging is becoming a biological imaging modality in its own right, alongside the more mature infrared and X-ray techniques. Nevertheless, extraction of hyperspectral, biometric information of samples is limited by experimental challenges. Terahertz time domain spectroscopy reflection measurements demand highly precise alignment and suffer from limitations of the sample thickness. In this work, a novel hybrid Kramers-Kronig and Fabry-Pérot based algorithm has been developed to overcome these challenges. While its application is demonstrated through dielectric retrieval of glass-backed human bone slices for prospective characterisation of metastatic defects or osteoporosis, the generality of the algorithm offers itself to wider application towards biological materials.
High-speed serial deep learning through temporal optical neurons
Authors: Lin Zhixing , Sun Shuqian , Azaña José , Li Wei , Li Ming
Published: May 2021

Deep learning is able to functionally mimic the human brain and thus, it has attracted considerable recent interest. Optics-assisted deep learning is a promising approach to improve forward-propagation speed and reduce the power consumption of electronic-assisted techniques. However, present methods are based on a parallel processing approach that is inherently ineffective in dealing with the serial data signals at the core of information and communication technologies. Here, we propose and demonstrate a sequential optical deep learning concept that is specifically designed to directly process high-speed serial data. By utilizing ultra-short optical pulses as the information carriers, the neurons are distributed at different time slots in a serial pattern, and interconnected to each other through group delay dispersion. A 4-layer serial optical neural network (SONN) was constructed and trained for classification of both analog and digital signals with simulated accuracy rates of over 79.2% with proper individuality variance rates. Furthermore, we performed a proof-of-concept experiment of a pseudo-3-layer SONN to successfully recognize the ASCII codes of English letters at a data rate of 12 gigabits per second. This concept represents a novel one-dimensional realization of artificial neural networks, enabling a direct application of optical deep learning methods to the analysis and processing of serial data signals, while offering a new overall perspective for temporal signal processing.
Noninvasive imaging of two isolated objects through a thin scattering medium beyond the 3D optical memory effect
Authors: Wei Yuchen , Lu Dajiang , Liao Meihua , He Wenqi , Peng Xiang
Published: May 2021

A speckle image formed by scattering lights can be decoded by recently invented techniques, owing to the optical memory effect, thereby enabling the observation of a hidden object behind a thin scattering medium. However, the range of three-dimensional OME is typically small; therefore, both the field of view and depth of field are limited. We propose a method that can significantly and simultaneously improve both values for a specific scenario, where one object moves around the other position-fixed object. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated through a set of experiments.
Low-loss silicon nitride strip-slot mode converter based on MMI
Authors: Ou Xiangpeng , Yang Yan , Tang Bo , Li Donghao , Sun Fujun , Zhang Peng , Liu Ruonan , Li Bin , Li Zhihua
Published: May 2021

Slot waveguide has attracted a lot of attention due to its ability to confine light in the low refractive index region, while strip waveguide acts as the basic component of guiding light due to its relatively low optical loss. In the multifunctional photonic integrated chips, it is critical to achieve the low loss transition between the strip waveguide and the slot waveguide. In this work, a silicon nitride strip-slot mode converter with high efficiency, large bandwidth, and large fabrication tolerance are proposed and demonstrated through the numerical investigation and experiments. The coupling efficiency of the mode converter is up to - 0.1 dB (97.7%), which enables the extremely low transition loss between the strip waveguide and the slot waveguide. Moreover, the fabrication process of silicon nitride photonic devices with high performance is introduced, which is fully compatible with the CMOS technology. Photonic devices based on silicon nitride with the characteristics of the low optical loss and the temperature insensitivity represent a new paradigm in realizing silicon-based photonic multifunctional chips.
Wide-range, ultra-compact, and high-sensitivity ring resonator biochemical sensor with CMOS-compatible hybrid plasmonic waveguide
Authors: Ou Xiangpeng , Yang Yan , Sun Fujun , Zhang Peng , Tang Bo , Li Bin , Liu Ruonan , Liu Daoquin , Li Zhihua
Published: May 2021

A ring resonator-based biochemistry sensor with a wide range, ultra-compact footprint, and high sensitivity is proposed, which utilizes a suspended slot hybrid plasmonic (SSHP) waveguide. The waveguide consists of a suspended Si nanowire separated from a Cu metal surface by a nanoscale air gap. The hybridization of fundamental mode of a Si channel waveguide with the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) mode of Cu-Si interface achieves a strong light confinement, high waveguide sensitivity (Sw), and low optical loss, showing a great potential in integrated optical sensor. The sensitivity, the detection limit and the detection range of the SSHP waveguide-based biochemistry sensor with a miniaturized radius of 1 µm are numerically demonstrated as 458.1 nm/RIU, 3.7 × 10−5 RIU and 0.225 RIU, respectively. These superior performances as well as the fully CMOS compatibility enable the integrated optical sensing applications.
Evidence of asymmetric beaming in a piecewise-linear propagation channel
Authors: Gundogdu T. F. , Gokkavas M. , Serebryannikov A. E. , Ozbay E.
Published: May 2021

Asymmetric beaming in a piecewise-linear propagation channel is demonstrated for a single photonic-crystal prism at Gaussian-beam illumination. The used hybrid refraction–diffraction mechanism exploits oblique incidence, the first-negative-order deflection at the longer interface, and asymmetry in coupling at the exit interfaces and does not need blocking of transmission by dispersion in the backward illumination case. The Floquet–Bloch mode with left-handed behavior and nearly circular equifrequency dispersion contours is utilized. The outgoing waves may have significantly different spatial distributions for the forward and backward illumination cases, yielding asymmetry in the beaming regime.
Fugitive methane detection using open-path stand-off chirped laser dispersion spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Yifeng , Soskind Michael , McSpiritt James , Liu Jie , Wang Rui , Li Nathan , Guo Xuehui , Zondlo Mark A. , Wysocki Gerard
Published: May 2021

We report an open-path chirped laser dispersion spectrometer capable of detecting the atmospheric methane concentration above the background using both specular and diffusive reflective surfaces via two distinct operation modes in a stand-off detection configuration. The system is integrated with simultaneous ranging functionality, which enables average concentration measurements for varying optical pathlengths. The system was first tested for accuracy and characterized to achieve sensitivity of2.9ppm-m/Hz1/2and pathlength precision of0.2m/Hz1/2with a controlled release of methane outside the laboratory. The instrument was subsequently field-deployed in the proximity of a natural gas compressor station for fugitive methane detection. The instrument successfully detected methane plumes and narrowed down the location of the plume through multi-path measurement. The field measurements were verified by a co-located reference mobile methane sensor.
Power scaling of continuous-wave second harmonic generation in a MgO:PPLN ridge waveguide and the application to a compact wavelength conversion module
Authors: Cho Chun-Yu , Lai Jui-Yu , Hsu Chen-Shao , Huang Yu-Tai , Jang Jeng-Han , Chou Ming-Hsien
Published: May 2021

The power scaling of continuous-wave (CW) second harmonic generation (SHG) in a MgO:periodically poled lithium niobite (PPLN) ridge waveguide is investigated. The nonlinear coefficient and propagation loss factors of the MgO:PPLN waveguide are verified for future reference. The MgO:PPLN waveguide structure is determined according to a practical fiber coupling configuration, as well as the theoretical model of output power characteristics. Utilizing the designed MgO:PPLN waveguide, the 775 nm SHG power successfully reaches up to 4.02 W at an incident power of 7 W with overall conversion efficiency of 58%. Finally, a compact all-fiber waveguide conversion module is demonstrated for verifying the feasibility of commercial applications.
Nonlinear color space coded by additive digital pulses
Authors: Tang Ni , Zhang Lei , Zhou Jianbin , Yu Jiandong , Chen Boqu , Peng Yuxin , Tian Xiaoqing , Yan Wei , Wang Jiyong , Qiu Min
Published: May 2021

Additive color mixing modulated by digital pulses enables universal applications in lights and displays. Conventional methods map binarized signals to ordinary red–green–blue color spaces, loosely connected with the color perception of human eyes, causing the complexity of gamut mapping and inaccuracy of chromatic manipulations. Here we developed a complete theory that encodes and decodes digital signals directly to a perceptually nonuniform color space of the commission internationale de l’éclairage, featuring a strict bijection between the duty cycles of each binary pulse and color components of the mixed light and an analytic nonlinear gamut volume. Exemplary applications in biophotonic lighting, active full-color displaying, and metaphotonic sensing confirmed our theory. The method applies to the fields with accurate manipulations of chromaticity and luminosity of a light, opening an avenue toward the next generation of perceptual displays, cameras, and sensors.
Heralding quantum entanglement between two room-temperature atomic ensembles
Authors: Li Hang , Dou Jian-Peng , Pang Xiao-Ling , Yang Tian-Huai , Zhang Chao-Ni , Chen Yuan , Li Jia-Ming , Walmsley Ian A. , Jin Xian-Min
Published: May 2021

Establishing quantum entanglement between individual nodes is crucial for building large-scale quantum networks, enabling secure quantum communications, distributed quantum computing, enhanced quantum metrology, and fundamental tests of quantum mechanics. However, the shared entanglements have been merely observed in either extremely low-temperature or well-isolated systems, which limits quantum networks for real-life applications. Here, we report the realization of heralding quantum entanglement between two atomic ensembles at room temperature, which are contained in two spatially separated, centimeter-sized vapor cells. By mapping the atomic state onto a photonic state after the readout process, we measure the quantum interference of the Raman-scattered photons and reconstruct the entangled state, then we strongly verify the existence of a single excitation delocalized in two atomic ensembles. The demonstrated building block paves the way to construct quantum networks and distributing entanglement across multiple remote nodes at ambient conditions.
Spectral vector beams for high-speed spectroscopic measurements
Authors: Kopf Lea , Ruano Juan R. Deop , Hiekkamäki Markus , Stolt Timo , Huttunen Mikko J. , Bouchard Frédéric , Fickler Robert
Published: May 2021

Structuring light in multiple degrees of freedom has become a powerful approach to create complex states of light for fundamental studies and applications. Here, we investigate the light field of an ultrafast laser beam with a wavelength-dependent polarization state, which we term a spectral vector beam. We present a simple technique to generate and tune such structured beams and demonstrate their spectroscopic capabilities. By measuring only the polarization state using fast photodetectors, it is possible to track pulse-to-pulse changes in the frequency spectrum caused by, e.g.,  narrowband transmission or absorption. In our experiments, we reach readout rates of around 6 MHz, which is limited by our technical ability to modulate the spectrum and can in principle reach GHz readout rates. In simulations we extend the spectral range to more than 1000 nm by using a supercontinuum light source, thereby paving the way to various applications requiring high-speed spectroscopic measurements.
Vector harmonic mode-locking by acoustic resonance
Authors: Sergeyev Sergey , Kolpakov Stanislav , Loika Yury
Published: May 2021

For an Er-doped fiber laser, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we demonstrate both experimentally and theoretically a novel mechanism of harmonic mode-locking based on the electrostriction effect leading to excitation of the torsional acoustic modes in the transverse section of the laser. The exited torsional acoustic modes modulate the fiber birefringence that results in synchronization of oscillations at the harmonic modes and the linewidth narrowing with the increased signal-to-noise ratio of 30 dB. By adjusting the in-cavity birefringence based on tuning the polarization controller, we enable the selection of the harmonic mode to be stabilized.