bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cold Sprayed Coatings for Repairing Damaged Metallic Structures
Authors: Cortés Rocío , Garrido-Maneiro Miguel Ángel , Poza Pedro , Martos Ana , Dosta Sergi , García Irene
Published: July 2019

Metallic infrastructures suffer deterioration during their service life. When the metallic component reaches a limit level of damage, it is replaced by a new one. This generates high costs of maintenance and residues management. However, the deposition of coatings by the cold spray technique would allow the repairing of these damaged components and extent their service life. In this work the effect of the spraying temperature and pressure on the mechanical behavior of 316L stainless steel coatings deposited on carbon steel by the cold-spray technique has been analyzed. Spraying gas temperatures of 800oC, 900oC and 1000oC combined with gas pressures of 50 and 60 bars were selected. Indentation stress-strain curves were determined for each spraying conditions. The results showed a significant effect of both spraying parameters on the work hardening of the coatings.
Catalytic Hydrogenation of Acetone to Isopropanol on Bimetallic Silver-Gold Nanocatalyst
Authors: Sarno Maria , Iuliano Mariagrazia , Ponticorvo Eleonora
Published: July 2019

Silver-gold alloy catalyst for ketones hydrogenation in liquid-phase using NaBH4 as hydrogen source is reported. AgAu alloy nanoparticles are synthesized from common inorganic precursors and mild experimental conditions. To favour the dispersion of the sample in the mixed-aqueous reaction solution a ligand exchange with citric acid was promoted. This citric acid modified AgAu catalyst, thanks to the synergistic effect of Au and Ag, allows for the selective hydrogenation of ketones with to maximum isopropanol yields of 99.7 % within 8 min and shows an excellent reusability after 7 run.
Postoperative Portal Hypertension Enhances Alloimmune Responses after Living-Donor Liver Transplantation in Patients and in a Mouse Model
Authors: Hashimoto Shinji , Onoe Takashi , Banshodani Masataka , Taguchi Kazuhiro , Tanaka Yuka , Ohdan Hideki
Published: July 2019

Controlling portal vein pressure in living-donor liver transplantation has received increased attention owing to its potential importance for graft survival. Portal hypertension may lead to the activation of liver-resident APCs, including liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), which have immunological tolerogenic capacity. We investigated the effects of portal hypertension on graft survival and the antidonor immune response using clinical data and a mouse model. We categorized patients (n = 136) according to their portal vein pressure values at the end of surgery. Using propensity score-matching analyses, we found that portal hypertension was significantly associated with a higher antidonor immune response and incidence of acute rejection. To investigate the mechanism, we performed an allogeneic coculture assay using a 70% hepatectomized (HTx) mouse model with or without a portosystemic shunt. Liver cells from HTx mice without a shunt exhibited a significantly greater anti-BALB/c B6 T cell response than those from sham-operated mice or HTx mice with a shunt. LSECs from sham-operated mice, but not from HTx mice, suppressed the B6 T cell alloresponse in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, LSECs from HTx mice without a shunt showed significantly downregulated MHC class I/II and programmed death-ligand 1 expression, and those from mice with a shunt showed recovered expression of these molecules. Postoperative portal hypertension enhances alloimmune responses in recipients after living-donor liver transplantation, likely due, in part, to the impaired immune-suppression capacity of LSECs.
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Confer Infectious Tolerance to Dampen Virus-Induced Tissue Immunoinflammation
Authors: Sarkar Roman , Mathew Amal , Sehrawat Sharvan
Published: July 2019

In this study, we investigated the response of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) during the pathogenesis of an immunoblinding disease of the cornea caused by HSV type 1 infection. We also measured the anti-inflammatory potential of in vitro–differentiated MDSCs in dampening herpetic stromal keratitis resulting from primary ocular HSV1 infection in mice. In the lymphoid organs and inflamed corneal tissues, MDSCs were phenotypically characterized as CD11b+Gr1lo-int cells. Sorted CD11b+Gr1lo-int cells, but not CD11b+Gr1hi cells, suppressed the proliferation and cytokine production by stimulated CD4+ T cells. In vitro–generated MDSCs inhibited the activity of stimulated CD4+ T cells in a predominantly contact-dependent manner. An adoptive transfer of in vitro–generated MDSCs before or after ocular HSV1 infection controlled herpetic stromal keratitis lesions. The transferred MDSCs were primarily recovered from the lymphoid organs of recipients. Surprisingly, MDSCs recipients expanded their endogenous Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). We further demonstrated the MDSCs mediated stabilization of Foxp3 expression in already differentiated Tregs and their ability to cause an efficient de novo conversion of Foxp3+ Tregs from stimulated Foxp3−CD4+ T cells. These effects occurred independent of TGF-β signaling. Therefore, the therapeutic potential of MDSCs could be harnessed as a multipronged strategy to confer an infectious tolerance to the host by activating endogenous regulatory mechanisms.
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Authors: Steffen M
Published: July 2019

No abstract available
Test to predict treatment outcome: Determining the potential success of conservative treatment of Rotator Cuff Impingement
Authors: Sklaar J.
Published: July 2019

No abstract available
Prevalance of Correlation Between Temporomandibular Dysfunction and Occupational Stress in White Collar Professionals
Authors: Gawade Krutika D. , Vardharajulu G.
Published: July 2019

Aims:

Occupational stress (OS) is regarded as associated factor for causing temporomandibular joint temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD). However, there is little knowledge on the relationship between incremental OS and its role in causing TMD. The purpose of the study is to determine the relationship between OS and TMD. This study will help to provide the basic data to improve the conditions at the worksite and enhance the quality of life.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 white-collar professionals (WCPs) in Karad. To determine the prevalence of TMD, the scaled named Anamnestic Index by Fonseca was used. OS was assessed by the OS Index Scale. Data obtained from the outcome measures were analyzed using InStat, adopting a 5% significance level. Brief analysis was made, and the Pearson correlation test was used to find the correlation between TMD and OS.

Results:

The results obtained by OSI stated that majority of WCP experienced moderate stress (67%) highest among teachers. Fifty-three percent prevalence of TMD was noted, highest among teachers. The major correlation noted in moderate OS group (38%) majorly affecting teachers. The gender-wise findings noted females (53%) were more prone. Age-wise findings stated more prevalence among 31–40 years (56%).

Conclusion:

The results of this study show that a significant percentage of population had signs of TMDs, and there are high chances they may develop symptoms in the future. It is necessary to prevent the OS in WCP by improving working conditions, emotional stability, and frequent postural changes. Further studies are necessary for documentation of these preventive measures.
Neuropsychiatric Sequelae in Childhood Brain Tumor Survivors
Authors: Abu-Hegazy Mohammad , El-Hadaad Hend Ahmed , Alghamdi Abdulkhaleq Saeed
Published: July 2019

Childhood brain tumor (BT) survivors have increased. Physical, cognitive, social functions, and overall quality of life (QOL), may be diminished in response to tumors or their treatments in children. The tumor itself, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy can contribute to neurocognitive sequelae to debilitating levels. Short-term memory, attention, processing speed, visual-motor processing, and spatial relations deficits may occur months to years after treatment. BT survivors may develop motor, intellectual, visual, and psychoemotional dysfunctions, with moderate-to-severe disabilities. Among survivors of the central nervous system tumors, ocular deficits are common. Platinum-based chemotherapy and posterior and middle cranial fossa radiotherapy have contributed to ototoxicity. Survivors of treated temporal lobe cyst suffered from incapacitating depression and psychosis in one study; however, it is not clear if psychiatric and somatic symptoms are caused by BTs or as a response to psychological stresses after diagnosis or treatment. Childhood (BT) survivors experienced significant lower Health-Related QOL scores than in the normal population. It is a major challenge, for the medical team to prevent these late effects. The article will address the following items: neurological; including cognitive impairment and psychiatric sequelae; QOL in childhood (BT) survivors and how to minimize, prevent, and treat them. The neurological, cognitive, psychiatric, and social problems that develop early in childhood BT survivors may extend into adulthood. Life-long support and follow-up care are recommended for childhood BT survivors. Treatment protocols should be placed considering the reduction of neurocognitive and late neurological deficits.
Current Understanding of Diabetes Mellitus-Induced Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction
Authors: Barua Sasanka Kumar , Borah Somor Jyoti , Rajeev T. P.
Published: July 2019

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is slowly emerging as an epidemic in India, afflicting majority of the population, thus having serious public health consequences. DM usually inflicts major insult to almost all organ systems of the body, including the urinary tract. However, there is a dearth of literature on potential hazardous effects of DM on the urinary tract in a particular population. Considering its negative impact on the quality of life, particularly among the growing elderly population in India, we performed literature search through PubMed and unbound Medline database using the terms “diabetic cystopathy,” “diabetic complication urinary tract,” “diabetic urethropathy,” and “diabetic bladder dysfunction” to study the current understanding on the pathophysiology of diabetes induced on the lower urinary tract dysfunction. All the literature based on DM relevant to lower urinary tract dysfunction were studied, and a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the pathophysiology of diabetes induced on the lower urinary tract dysfunction is provided. These results will facilitate the future directions for research and clinical care of patients with DM-induced lower urinary tract dysfunction. In conclusion, the long-term hyperglycemic state may result in structural and functional changes in urinary bladder and urethra, contributing to deterioration of lower urinary tract coordinated function.
Analysis of blow-ups for the double obstacle problem in dimension two
Authors: Aleksanyan Gohar
Published: July 2019

In this article we study a normalised double obstacle problem with polynomial obstacles

p^1(x)\leq p^2(x)

, where the equality holds iff

x=0

. In dimension two we give a complete classification of blow-up solutions. In particular, we see that there exists a new type of blow-ups, which we call double-cone solutions, since the coincidence sets

\{u=p^1\}

and

\{u=p^2\}

are cones with a common vertex. Furthermore, we show that if the solution to the double obstacle problem has a double-cone blow-up limit at the origin, then the blow-up is unique, and locally the free boundary consists of four

C^{1,\gamma}

-curves, meeting at the origin.
Well-posedness of non-isentropic Euler equations with physical vacuum
Authors: Geng Yongcai , Li Yachun , Wang Dehua , Xu Runzhang
Published: July 2019

We consider the local well-posedness of the one-dimensional non-isentropic compressible Euler equations with moving physical vacuum boundary condition. The physical vacuum singularity requires the sound speed to be scaled as the square root of the distance to the vacuum boundary. The main difficulty lies in the fact that the system of hyperbolic conservation laws becomes characteristic and degenerate at the vacuum boundary. Our proof is based on an approximation of the Euler equations by a degenerate parabolic regularization obtained from a specific choice of a degenerate artificial viscosity term. Then we construct the solutions to this degenerate parabolic problem and establish the estimates that are uniform with respect to the artificial viscosity parameter. Solutions to the compressible Euler equations are obtained as the limit of the vanishing artificial viscosity. Different from the isentropic case [7, 12], our momentum equation of conservation laws has an extra term

p_{S}S_\eta

that leads to some extra terms in the energy function and causes more difficulties even for the case of

\gamma=2

. Moreover, we deal with this free boundary problem starting from the general cases of

2\leq\gamma<3

and

1<\gamma<2

instead of only emphasizing the isentropic case of

\gamma=2

in [7, 12, 16].
Period Map of Triple Coverings of P$^2$ and Mixed Hodge Structures
Authors: Matsumoto Keiji , Terasoma Tomohide
Published: July 2019

We study a period map for triple coverings of

\mathbf P^2

branching along special configurations of 6 lines. Though the moduli space of special configurations is a two-dimensional variety, the minimal models of the coverings form a one-parameter family of K3 surfaces. We extract extra one-dimensional information from the mixed Hodge structure on the second relative homology group. We define the period map from the moduli space of marked configurations to the domain

\mathbf B\times \mathbf C^2

, where

\mathbf B

is the right half-plane, and give a defining equation of its image by a theta function. We write down the inverse of the period map using theta functions.
Harmonic Hadamard Manifolds and Gauss Hypergeometric Differential Equations
Authors: Itoh Mitsuhiro , Satoh Hiroyasu
Published: July 2019

A new class of harmonic Hadamard manifolds, those spaces called hypergeometric type, is defined in terms of Gauss hypergeometric equations. A spherical Fourier transform defined on harmonic Hadamard manifolds of hypergeometric type admits an inversion formula. A characterization of the harmonic Hadamard manifold as of hypergeometric type is obtained with respect to volume density.
Specht Modules for Quiver Hecke Algebras of Type $C$
Authors: Ariki Susumu , Park Euiyong , Speyer Liron
Published: July 2019

We construct and investigate Specht modules

S^{\lambda}

for cyclotomic quiver Hecke algebras of types

C^{(1)}_\ell

and

C_\infty

, which are labelled by multipartitions

\lambda

. It is shown that in type

C_\infty

, the Specht module

S^{\lambda}

has a homogeneous basis indexed by standard tableaux of shape

\lambda

, which yields a graded character formula and good properties with the exact functors

E_i^\Lambda

and

F_i^\Lambda

. For type

C^{(1)}_\ell

, we propose a conjecture.
A Plünnecke–Ruzsa inequality in compact abelian groups
Authors: Candela Pablo , González-Sánchez Diego , de Roton Anne
Published: July 2019

The Plünnecke–Ruzsa inequality is a fundamental tool to control the growth of finite subsets of abelian groups under repeated addition and subtraction. Other tools to handle sumsets have gained applicability by being extended to more general subsets of more general groups. This motivates extending the Pl¨unnecke–Ruzsa inequality, in particular to measurable subsets of compact abelian groups by replacing the cardinality with the Haar probability measure. This objective is related to the question of the stability of classes of Haar measurable sets under addition. In this direction the class of analytic sets is a natural one to work with. We prove a Plünnecke–Ruzsa inequality for

K

-analytic sets in general compact (Hausdorff) abelian groups. We also discuss further extensions, some of which raise questions of independent interest in descriptive topology.
Оптимальная верхняя грань для вероятностей хвостов распределений сумм случайных величин
Authors: Pinelis Iosif F
Published: July 2019

Пусть $s$ - любое вещественное число. Дана явная конструкция случайных величин (с.в.) $X$ и $Y$, для которых достигается $\sup\mathbf{P}(X+Y\ge s)$, где $\sup$ берется по всем с.в. $X$ и $Y$ с предписанными распределениями.
The estimate of $\chi^2$-distance between binomial and generalized binomial distributions
Authors: Zacharovas Vytas
Published: July 2019

В данной работе получены оценки расстояния между распределением суммы $n$ независимых индикаторов и биномиальным распределением в метрике $\chi^2$ и некоторых других смежных метриках.
Las técnicas gráficas en los proyectos de la Universidad de Granada. Un recorrido de la ilustración a la autarquía
Authors: Vílchez Lara María del Carmen
Published: July 2019

El análisis de la documentación gráfica presentada por los arquitectos que estuvieron al frente de las obras de nueva planta o rehabilitación del patrimonio arquitectónico de la universidad granadina es inseparable, entreotros, de la formación académica que aquéllos recibieron, además de los avances técnico-científicos acontecidos en el campo de la arquitectura en el periodo de tiempo estudiado. Iniciando el recorrido con los sencillos planos trazados a plumilla por los padres o hermanos jesuitas que proyectaron el Colegio de San Pablo, convertido en sede universitaria en 1767, atravesaremos los artísticos dibujos del periodo ilustrado hasta llegar a las insípidas copias monocromáticas de los años siguientes a la Guerra Civil y detectar los dos puntos de inflexión que afectaron de manera decisiva y con desigual resultado a las técnicas gráficas utilizadas en estos proyectos: la Instrucción liberal de 1860 y la aparición de las copiadoras heliográficas en los albores del siglo xx.
Los artesonados renacentistas del Palacio Ducal de Pastrana (Guadalajara): análisis geométrico
Authors: González Uriel Ana , De Miguel Sánchez Manuel , Fernández-Cabo Miguel C.
Published: July 2019

Pastrana conserva uno de los conjuntos más relevantes de artesonados renacentistas en España, trazados por Alonso de Covarrubias y ejecutados por Cristóbal de Nieva y Justo de  Vega en 1549-50. Con la llegada del Renacimiento, los techos de madera habían adoptado formas al romano y tramas geométricas con teselaciones de polígonos presentes en restos de la antigüedad. Mientras en el resto de Europa estos patrones  poblaban techos planos, el oficio y conocimiento geométrico de  los carpinteros peninsulares, herederos de la tradición visigoda e hispanomusulmana, permitió su ejecución sobre techos poliédricos, en un desarrollo que supera la mera copia de formas importadas de Italia. El artículo analiza los  diferentes trazados presentes en Pastrana y las variadas estrategias para encajar las teselaciones planas en la configuración de los  paños inclinados, especialmente en el diseño de los cuartos de limas.
El complejo termal de Via Terracina en Nápoles entre levantamiento y uso
Authors: Papa Lia Maria , D'Agostino Pierpaolo , Antuono Giuseppe
Published: July 2019

Dentro del ámbito del conocimiento  y de la valorización del patrimonio cultural, las técnicas destinadas al levantamiento ofrecen grandes oportunidades en virtud de la evolución tecnológica, que subyacen en el potencial comunicativo de las imágenes digitales. En esa dirección, la investigación aquí presentada ha sido desarrollada sobre los restos de una antigua terma ubicada en un área  urbanizada de la ciudad de Nápoles. El estudio tiene una doble connotación, siendo capaz de crear un estrecho vínculo entre didáctica e investigación. De hecho, el sitio ha sido utilizado como taller didáctico al aire libre para trabajo de campo  y al mismo tiempo la investigación puesta en marcha ha sido propicia para comparar críticamente las diferentes técnicas de levantamiento indirecto utilizadas, evaluando resultados y potencial comunicativo,  allí donde la visualización digital constituye sin duda un cambio fundamental en el modelo cognitivo del patrimonio cultural.
El panorama gráfico arquitectónico de los ochenta. Arquitecturas de escape y dibujos de resistencia
Authors: Salgado de la Rosa María Asunción , Raposo Grau Javier Fco. , Butragueño Díaz-Guerra Belén Mª
Published: July 2019

Durante los años ochenta del siglo pasado, se dieron las condiciones para reivindicar un pensamiento crítico capaz de extender el discurso de la arquitectura a la sociedad. Desde algunas escuelas de arquitectura que apostaron por una arquitectura más diversa y culturalmente accesible al gran público, se procuró el acceso a su producción gráfica mediante iniciativas de difusión que incluían publicaciones, exposiciones y otros eventos. A través de un dibujo más lúdico que había incorporado elementos de la publicidad o la cultura pop, una nueva generación de arquitectos, pretendían expresar su desacuerdo con el corsé estético impuesto por los postulados de la modernidad. En su diversidad, estas propuestas gráficas poseen una serie de elementos comunes: la transgresión de los sistemas de representación convencionales, la inclusión de elementos dinámicos mediante la incorporación de escenas al más puro estilo  cinematográfico, y el deseo de introducir narraciones paralelas al discurso arquitectónico.
De lo infraordinario a lo extraordinario. Trazos para una conceptualización arquitectónica
Authors: Vallespín Toro Nuria , Solana Suárez Enrique , Vega de ka Rosa Carmelo
Published: July 2019

Este artículo nace a partir de una observación asombrada de lo usual, de lo habitual, de lo ordinario, y aún más profundo: de lo infra-ordinario. En arquitectura, la apropiación e instrumentalización de lo cotidiano se ha convertido en los últimos años en una práctica recurrente. Nos proponemos examinar el tránsito de lo infraordinario hacia lo extraordinario mediante una peculiar manera de representar a través del dibujo. Trataremos de poner de relieve ciertos modos de representación de proyectos que en la última década se han caracterizado por una toma de conciencia de la escasez de recursos económicos y medioambientales, haciendo visibles acciones cotidianas en el medio urbano, arquitectónico y artístico. Lo infraordinario permite revelar el potencial subversivo de lo cotidiano, para llegar a convertirse en ocasiones en experiencias extraordinarias. En definitiva, lo  infraordinario es lo extraordinario, y es en lo cotidiano donde radica el germen de lo extraordinario. 
José Luis Picardo: arquitecto, muralista, dibujante e ilustrador
Authors: Mendoza Rodríguez Isaac , Úbeda Barco Marta
Published: July 2019

La obra gráfica de José Luis Picardo, especialmente como ilustrador de la Revista Nacional de Arquitectura y el Boletín de la Dirección General de Arquitectura durante los años  cuarenta y cincuenta, ha sido muy poco estudiada. El presente artículo analiza su labor como arquitecto, diseñador, ilustrador y dibujante, dedicando especial atención a los apuntes que  realizó para los números de la revista que trataron sobre los planes urbanísticos de la ciudad  de Xauén en el Protectorado español en Marruecos.
Old Comedy, Public Intellectuals and the Origins of Dissent Communication: The Case of Aristophanes
Authors: Xifra Jordi
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this article is to explore the emergence of a strategic communication management of dissent (the so called dissent public relations) and to set its beginnings in the context of ancient Greek comedy represented by Aristophanes. Indeed, Old Comedy was the first great example of mass communication in which political satire was used to dissent and protest against political and social circumstances in fifth-century BC Athens. This situation was determined by the Peloponnesian War and its political, economic and social consequences. From this perspective, this article also constitutes an investigation into the intellectual history of public relations, of which Aristophanes can be considered one of its first practitioners.
Forme amministrative e scelte linguistiche nelle epigrafi e nelle monete della Sicilia romana
Authors: Korhonen Kalle , Soraci Cristina
Published: July 2019

Fino a non molto tempo fa gli studiosi sostenevano che le scelte linguistiche nelle colonie romane della Sicilia fossero coerenti: il latino sarebbe stata la sola lingua usata in un contesto “ufficiale” e il greco sarebbe stato adottato in contesti diversi, come il culto (non coloniale) o l’ambito privato. Ricerche recenti hanno messo in discussione tali affermazioni. Nel presente articolo ci soffermiamo sull’uso del greco e del latino nelle città non coloniali. L’impiego del latino è spesso stato legato all’attribuzione di un preciso stato amministrativo, quello dei municipi, in epoca augustea o postaugustea; al contrario, testimonianze concernenti i municipia e scritte in greco sono state considérate risalenti agli anni di Sesto Pompeo. Intendiamo dimostrare che l’uso del linguaggio in contesti municipali “ufficiali” è molto più vario di quanto non si sia pensato in precedenza e proponiamo nuove letture e datazioni per diverse iscrizioni, soprattutto IG XIV, 954 (in riferimento ad Akragas/Agrigentum), IG XIV, 367=IG Palermo 44 (Aluntium), CIL X 7350 (Thermae Himeraeorum), IG XIV, 575 (Centuripae), AE 1945, 64 (Segesta) e SEG LXI, 758=AE 2011, 435 (Syracusae).
Does Interactive Multimedia Strategy Improve Listening Skills better than Vocabulary Skills?
Authors: Alghamdy Rashed
Published: July 2019

This study examines the impact of interactive multimedia in enhancing EFL students’ English skills ability in learning English as a foreign language context. To identify the impact of interactive multimedia strategy on the achievements of EFL learners, a quasi-experimental design study was applied for one month at an elementary school in Saudi Arabia. In particular, this study purposes to investigate whether the EFL learners in the experimental group would improve their listening skills better than their vocabulary skills when learning them through interactive multimedia strategy in comparison to their peers in the traditional learning method. The participants in this study were 40 male students, aged 11-13 years, level six at an elementary government school in Al-Baha City.The results highlighted that there are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the EFL learners who were taught listening skills and vocabulary skills via the interactive multimedia strategy and those who were taught the same skills by using the traditional learning (the control group) in the post-test. Furthermore, the results indicated that the EFL learners in the experimental group have improved their listening skills better than their vocabulary skills when learning them through interactive multimedia strategy. However, the findings revealed that are not statistically significant differences between the EFL learners in the experimental classes and the students in the control groups in their English listening skills and vocabulary skills test score at the pre-test.
Economic Assessment of the Productive Parameters in Meat Sheep Production Using Discrete Event and Agent-Based Simulation
Authors: Reijers Thayla Sara Soares Stivari , Sartorello Gustavo Lineu , Ojeda-Rojas Oscar Alejandro , Raineri Camila , Nogueira Marcos , Silva Rodolfo , Brito Thiago Barros , Monteiro Alda Lúcia Gomes , Gameiro Augusto Hauber
Published: July 2019

A hybrid stochastic model was developed including discrete events and agent-based simulations in order to identify the productive parameters and management criteria that most affect meat sheep production. A sheep herd on a pasture termination system, without weaning and with natural mating, was outlined. In order to devise this herd, a pre-existing database from between 1999 and 2013 was used. This conceptual model included the flushing, mating, gestation, lactation, termination and maintenance phases. Health, feeding and management criteria were also considered and recommended. Simulation scenarios were built which were later evaluated by regression analysis. The net operational margin was between R$ 11 741.80 and R$ 21 389.80, and an average of R$ 14 412.14 ± R$ 3 873.02 for different scenarios. Food costs had the greatest impact (25.4%) in relation to operating costs, while health costs were the lowest (1.3%). The abortion rate showed a higher linear response in contrast to the birth rate and the net operating margin, upon analysing ewe productivity parameters. However, neonatal mortality showed the greatest impact on net profit and on general lamb mortality. Carrying out economic analyses within the livestock sector can make a difference within such a competitive market, where prices are not controlled, only costs. The use of discrete event and agent-based simulation methodologies allowed for the assessment of different approaches to sheep production. The present study demonstrated the tool’s potential within the scope of meat sheep production, but this model can act as a guideline for other animal production systems.
Sen’s Capabilities Approach and the Measurement of Communication Outcomes
Authors: Jacobson Tom , Chang Leanne
Published: July 2019

Amartya Sen’s capabilities approach to development defines development as an increase in freedoms citizens have to choose preferred development options. While Sen’s more recent writings are theoretical and philosophical his work was originally based in social choice theory, which comprises a tradition in quantifying and analyzing collective preferences, or choices among preferences. This article argues that such aggregation procedures can be useful in research devoted to communication for development (C4D). They can be employed in evaluating the outcomes of processes intended to facilitate participation in decision making, in both small and large-scale project settings.
Centros de investigación universitarios e inversión tecnológica: ¿en qué se invierte?
Authors: Martinez Josnel Hidalgo , Barreto Ferreira Javier Ramon
Published: July 2019

El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo identificar los tipos de inversión tecnológica en centros de investigación universitarios en Venezuela. Los principales soportes teóricos para su desarrollo fueron Aranda (1998); Santandreu y Santandreu (2000); y Vélez (2006), entre otros. Metodológicamente la investigación fue de tipo descriptiva con diseño de campo-no experimental y de corte transeccional. Para recolectar los datos se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado por 36 preguntas dirigido a los directores de cada uno de los diecisiete centros de investigación que componen el núcleo humanístico de la Universidad del Zulia. Los resultados mostraron que en las unidades estudiadas se presenta un equilibrio entre las inversiones para adquirir tecnología complementaria, sustitutiva e independiente, así como para la modernización, renovación y modernización tecnológica. Sin embargo, se considera necesario evaluar la correcta selección de tecnologías complementarias en las cuales se invierte
Realidad visible e invisible: fosas colectivas del olvido recordadas en la memoria del cuerpo
Authors: Alvarez Quioto Josefina Dobinguer
Published: July 2019

El presente texto se dirige a explorar la realidad social de Honduras, en particular las experiencias producidas por eventos que amenazan y causan heridas a la integridad, los cuerpos-territorios de sentido de las mujeres. Esto se procura desde una lectura apoyada en las narrativas de los lenguajes estéticos. Partimos de la premisa de que la información sobre las mujeres es necesariamente sobre la sociedad en su conjunto, con experiencias sociales que refieren a violencias acumuladas y agudos niveles de tensión. Para su indagación y análisis se hace uso de la guía epistemológica - teórica feminista y el enfoque psicosocial resiliente y multidisciplinario con base en los derechos humanos-culturales y los saberes generados, durante 22 años, al interior de la Asociación Mujeres en las Artes Leticia de Oyuela (MUA).
Effect of Weather on Cryptocurrency Index: Evidences From Coinbase Index
Authors: Kathiravan Chinnadurai , Selvam Murugesan , Maniam Balasundram , Venkateswar Sankaran , Gayathri J. , Pavithran Amrutha
Published: July 2019

This study proposes to investigate the dynamic relationships between the three weather factors (temperature, humidity, and wind speed) in New York City of USA and Coinbase Index from Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, in the USA. Statistical tools like Descriptive Statistics, Unit Root, Granger Causality Test and Johansen Co-Integration test were employed. This study clearly found that the temperature influenced the investors’ mood and their investment decision in respect of Cryptocurrency index (Coinbase Index) and also found that there was long run equilibrium between the sample variables during the study period. The results of study provided strong evidence against the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH).
The Role of Foreign Directors in Corporate Risk Disclosure: Empirical Evidence From Jordan
Authors: Alshirah Malek Hamed , Rahman Azhar Abdul , Mustapa Ifa Rizad
Published: July 2019

The current study examined the role of foreign directors in enhancing the level of risk disclosure in the annual reports of Jordanian listed companies. The content analysis method was used to measure the level of risk disclosure by computing the number of risk-related sentences in annual reports. To achieve the study’s objective, random effect model have been applied on a sample of 376 firm-year observations of Jordanian non-financial companies for the period of 2014-2017. The findings are in line with the argument of agency theory and resource dependence theory, which posits that existence of foreign members on the board contributes in increasing the level of risk disclosure. The study aimed to fill the gap in the literature of risk disclosure regarding the relationship between foreign directors and risk disclosure. It is expected that the findings will be useful to researchers, authorities and investors alike in understanding the important role of foreign directors in improving practices of risk disclosure in Jordan.
Performance of response spectral models against New Zealand data
Authors: Van Houtte Chris
Published: July 2019

An important component of seismic hazard assessment is the prediction of the potential ground motion generated by a given earthquake source. In New Zealand seismic hazard studies, it is commonplace for analysts to only adopt one or two models for predicting the ground motion, which does not capture the epistemic uncertainty associated with the prediction. This study analyses a suite of New Zealand and international models against the New Zealand Strong Motion Database, both for New Zealand crustal earthquakes and earthquakes in the Hikurangi subduction zone. It is found that, in general, the foreign models perform similarly or better with respect to recorded New Zealand data than the models specifically derived for New Zealand application. Justification is given for using global models in future seismic hazard analysis in New Zealand. Although this article does not provide definitive model weights for future hazard analysis, some recommendations and guidance are provided.
Performance of winery facilities during the 14 November 2016 Kaikōura earthquake
Authors: Dizhur Dmytro , Simkin Gye , Giaretton Marta , Loporcaro Giuseppe , Palermo Alessandro , Ingham Jason
Published: July 2019

In-field post-earthquake performance observations of winery facilities in the Marlborough region, New Zealand, were documented following the 14 November 2016 Kaikōura earthquake and subsequent aftershocks. Observations presented and discussed herein include land damage to vineyards and the performance of winery building facilities, legged and flat-bedded storage tanks, barrel racking systems, and catwalks. A range of winery facilities were instrumented with tri-axial accelerometers to capture seismic excitations during aftershocks, with the specific aim to instrument different storage tanks having varying capacities and support systems to better understand the dynamic performance and actual forces experienced up the height of the tanks during an earthquake, with preliminary results reported herein.
Performance of road bridges during the 14 November 2016 Kaikōura Earthquake
Authors: Palermo Alessandro , Liu Royce , Rais Adnan , McHaffie Brandon , Andisheh Kaveh , Pampanin Stefano , Gentile Roberto , Nuzzo Iolanda , Granerio Mario , Loporcaro Giuseppe , McGann Chris , Wotherspoon Liam
Published: July 2019

The transport infrastructure was majorly affected by the 14th November 2016 Kaikōura Earthquake. Severe vertical and horizontal peak ground accelerations generated high inertial forces, land-slides, and liquefaction. Most of the bridges in the Hurunui, Malborough and Kaikōura districts were critical nodes to the railway and road networks. In total, 904 road bridges across those districts were affected. Two reached the life safety limit state, suffering severe damage, however, most of the affected bridges experienced only minor to moderate damage. This paper describes the structural performance of the most severely damaged bridges based on observations made from site inspections. In addition to this, several performance issues have arisen from this event and are posed in this paper, hopefully to be addressed in the near future.
Science to emergency management response
Authors: Woods Richard J. , McBride Sara K. , Wotherspoon Liam M. , Beavan Sarah , Potter Sally H. , Johnston David M. , Wilson Thomas M. , Brunsdon Dave , Grace Emily S. , Brackley Hannah , Becker Julia S.
Published: July 2019

The M7.8 Kaikōura Earthquake in 2016 presented a number of challenges to science agencies and institutions throughout New Zealand. The earthquake was complex, with 21 faults rupturing throughout the North Canterbury and Marlborough landscape, generating a localised seven metre tsunami and triggering thousands of landslides. With many areas isolated as a result, it presented science teams with logistical challenges as well as the need to coordinate efforts across institutional and disciplinary boundaries. Many research disciplines, from engineering and geophysics to social science, were heavily involved in the response. Coordinating these disciplines and institutions required significant effort to assist New Zealand during its most complex earthquake yet recorded. This paper explores that effort and acknowledges the successes and lessons learned by the teams involved.
Full-scale testing of reinforced concrete frame buildings with attached walls considering damage control design
Authors: Kabeyasawa Toshikazu , Mukai Tomohisa , Fukuyama Hiroshi , Suwada Haruhiko , Kato Hiroto
Published: July 2019

Static loading tests on two full-scale reinforced concrete buildings were conducted at Building Research Institute in 2014 and 2015 to verify the effectiveness of damage control design utilizing walls. The tested buildings were five-storeys high with two bays in the direction of loading. The 2014 specimen was a moment resisting frame consisting of beams and columns with wing walls. The 2015 specimen contained wing walls, spandrels and hanging walls attached to the columns and beams. The measured strengths were much higher than the calculated strength of the bare frame without these walls. The hysteretic curves showed ductile behaviour in the 2014 specimen until ultimate drift, while strength deterioration was observed in the 2015 specimen. From the cracking pattern and the storey drift distributions within the specimens, the first specimen formed a beam sway mechanism, and the second specimen formed a mixed mechanism with column yielding between the 1st to 3rd storeys. The residual cracks of the specimens were generally wider due to the concentration of the plastic hinge region, although the damage was evaluated as slight at 0.33% drift and as minor at 0.75% based on the residual energy capacity. Damage grades evaluated from the residual energy capacity were obviously smaller than the damage grades evaluated from the residual crack widths in accordance with the damage evaluation guidelines.
Cyclic response analysis of high-strength self-compacting concrete beam-column joints
Authors: Ashtiani Mohammad Soleymani , Dhakal Rajesh P. , Scott Allan N.
Published: July 2019

In this paper, finite element analysis software “DIANA” is implemented to simulate quasi-static cyclic loading test results of three full-scale beam-column joints cast with high-strength self-compacting concrete (HSSCC). The specimens were designed according to the New Zealand concrete standard (NZS3101 2006). Material models for concrete and steel were calibrated based on the physical characteristics of the materials derived either from laboratory tests or using expressions available in literature. Two-dimensional curved-shell elements were used in modelling the specimens. As the specimens were designed following the code requirements for seismic actions, bond between the reinforcement and concrete was assumed as perfect. In order to obtain a more representative prediction, both the longitudinal and transverse reinforcement were modelled in their actual locations. Pushover analyses were first conducted to check the mesh sensitivity; after which the modelled specimens were subjected to reversed cyclic loading histories applied in the experimental tests. Seismically important response parameters such as damping, stiffness, concrete and steel contributions in the joint shear resistance, joint shear deformation, strain development in the joint stirrups, elongation of the plastic hinge zone, development of compressive stress, and cracking pattern were extracted from the analytical predictions and compared to the experimental results. It was found that the adopted modelling and analysis approach was capable of predicting cyclic performance of HSSCC beam-column subassemblies with reasonable accuracy.
Passive direction displacement dependent damping (D3) device
Authors: Hazaveh Nikoo K. , Rodgers Geoffrey W. , Chase J. Geoffrey , Pampanin Stefano
Published: July 2019

Viscous fluid damping has been used worldwide to provide energy dissipation to structures during earthquakes. Semi-active dissipation devices have also shown significant potential to re-shape structural hysteresis behaviour and thus provide significant response and damage reduction. However, semi-active devices are far more complex and costly than passive devices, and thus potentially less robust over time. Ideally, a passive device design would provide the unique response behaviour of a semi-active device, but in a far more robust and low-cost device. This study presents the design, development and characterization of a passive Direction and Displacement Dependent viscous damping (D3) device. It can provide viscous damping in any single quadrant of the force-displacement hysteresis loop and any two in combination. Previously, this behaviour could only be obtained with a semi-active device. The D3 device is developed from a typical viscous damper, which is tested to evaluate the baseline of orifice sizing, force levels and velocity dependence. This prototype viscous damper is then modified in clear steps to produce a device with the desired single quadrant hysteresis loop. The overall results provide the design approach, device characterization and validation for this novel device design.
The estimated PGA map of the Mw6.4 2006 Yogyakarta Indonesia earthquake, constructed from the Modified Mercalli intensity IMM
Authors: Pawirodikromo Widodo
Published: July 2019

Many moderate and strong earthquakes have occurred in Indonesia. However, since ground motion records are unavailable, a concise earthquake peak ground acceleration (PGA) map has never before been constructed. Several efforts have been made to construct PGA maps after the Mw6.4 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake, i.e. earthquake PGA maps by researchers [1–4]. However, due to their use of completely different earthquake sources, methods of analysis and by using exclusion criteria of ground motion prediction equations (GMPE), the maps differed greatly and did not match the actual structural damage found in the field. Estimation of a 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake PGA map became possible after field surveying of the Imm conducted by Wijaya [5]. The estimated PGA map was constructed based on the isoseimic lines, intensity prediction equation (IPE) by Wijaya [5] and peak ground acceleration at YOGI and BJI station control points, as published by Elnashai et al [6]. A set of most recent GMPEs were chosen, as they closely predicted the PGA at two control points. An Extrapolation Method was developed in which the PGA between YOGI and BJI stations would be extrapolated to all data points in the field to yield the 2006 Yogyakarta seismic PGA map. Result of the investigation indicated that the pattern of the new PGA map does not form a circle with radius R, but occurs longitudinally following the direction of the Opak River fault trace and closely follows the pattern of Imm map and damage to buildings in the field. It was found that the maximum upperbound PGA reached ±0.50-0.51g and it did not occur at the epicenter area but instead took place in relatively deep soil deposit approximately ±2 km west of the Opak River fault.
Testing Sectoral Herding in the Jordanian Stock Market
Authors: Elshqirat Mohammad K.
Published: July 2019

The main purposes of this quantitative study were to examine the existence of herding behavior among investors in Amman stock exchange (ASE) at market and sector level in addition to testing the behavior during the market rising and falling and examining whether the behavior existence is different before and after the global financial crisis of 2008. The theoretical base of the study was the behavioral finance which assumes that investors are not completely rational and they may follow others when taking investment decisions. The main enquires of the study were about the existence of herding in the Jordanian market, whether it's affected by conditions of market rising and falling, and whether it's affected by the financial crisis. A quantitative design was employed to achieve the purposes of this study which covers the period 2000 - 2018. Data were obtained from ASE website and analyzed using ordinary least squares method. The results indicated that herding is absent in the Jordanian market if tested at market level while it exists in services and industrial sectors if tested at sectors level. The financial crisis did not affect the presence of herding at market level while it did affect the behavior in services and industrial sectors. Moreover, the results revealed that market condition of rising and falling affected herding at market level but not at sectors level. It is also concluded that the global financial crisis changed the presence of herding behavior during conditions of rising and falling in market and in each sector.
The Individual in International Law: ‘Object’ versus ‘Subject
Authors: Salako Solomon E.
Published: July 2019

There is uncertainty about the status of the individual in international law. The traditional positivist doctrine of international law is that States are the sole subjects of international law and that the individual is the object. The contemporary approach is that the individual is an original subject of international law and the owner of international individual rights. This approach relies for its justification on areas of international law such as investment protection treaties, intellectual property treaties, international human rights law, individual criminal liability in international law and Vienna Convention on Consular Relations where the individual has been brought into contact with international law.

The objects of this article are: (i) to assess critically the various areas where the individual has been brought into contact with international law with a view to showing that the individual is not a full subject of international law; and (ii) to show that insofar as the individual possesses a limited locus standi in international law and a limited array of rights, that is, limited legal capacity, the proffered existence of an international legal personality of the individual is not only superfluous but also confuses international legal personality which involves the capacity to perform legal acts in the international sphere with legal personality in municipal law.