bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epistemic Modality and Projection in Argumentative Writing: A Corpus-driven Comparison of Chinese English Majors and Native English Speakers
Authors: Yang Demei , Zeng Xiangmin
Published: April 2021

In academic writings, writers are supposed to properly express the degree of certainty and doubt. Especially in the argumentative text, writers are required to give appropriate arguments and project previous theories or ideas. Epistemic modality and projection are concerned with how writers express their degree of certainty and doubt, which is important for a qualified argumentative text writer. Through comparison of 30 pieces of argumentative essays respectively from Chinese English majors and native English speakers of undergraduate level, this study finds that Chinese English majors rely more on a narrower and imbalanced epistemic devices and projecting verbs in their writings. Therefore, it’s imperative for Chinese English majors to expand their vocabulary and improve their English proficiency.
Palavra do Editor
Authors: Lima, Doutor Gerlando Augusto Sampaio Franco de
Published: April 2021

Palavra do Editor.
Floral and reproductive biology of Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum. (Zingiberaceae): An important tropical ornamental plant
Authors: França Rozineide Pereira Alves de , Botini Auclar Felipe , Koch Ana Kelly , Caetano Ana Paula S. , Silva Ivone Vieira da , Krause Willian , Silva Celice Alexandre
Published: April 2021

Alpinia spp. play an important ecological role as a source of nectar in the understory of tropical and subtropical forests, where many of these species are common. The perennial species Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum. is native to the tropical rainforests of Asia and has been used as an ornamental cut plant due to its lush inflorescences and post-harvest durability. The internal and external morphology, floral biology, and reproductive system of four A. purpurata cultivars were investigated in order to contribute to studies of genetic improvement of the species. The inflorescence of A. purpurata is terminal, globose, and has flowers protected by colorful and showy bracts. The white flowers are tubular bisexual. The floral anthesis of the four cultivars lasted 9 to 12 h and pollen viability was above 80% throughout the pre-flowering period in all cultivars evaluated. During anthesis, stigma and anther crest were receptive due to the presence of stigmatic fluid. Fruiting of the cultivars was observed after hand cross-pollination, whereas no fruiting was recorded in treatments involving spontaneous self-pollination, hand self-pollination or geitonogamy. Natural pollination induced low fruiting, suggesting low pollinator availability in the studied area. The obligatory xenogamy of A. purpurata is a facilitator for the development of new hybrids for the ornamental plant market.
Comparative response of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Chysomelidae) to Momordica charantia and Acalypha wilkesiana powders in stored cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) (Walp.)
Authors: Adeboye Oyewale Rufus , Oni Mercy Olayinka , Adesina Jacobs Mobolade
Published: April 2021

Post-harvest preservation of cowpea in developing countries has been a major challenge owing to Callosobruchus maculatus infestation. The study compares response of C. maculatus (F) to Momordica charantia and Acalypha wilkesiana powders in stored cowpea seeds under laboratory atmosphere. Five pairs of freshly emerged C. maculatus adults were introduced into Petri-dish containing 20 g of cowpea admixed with 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 g of each plant powder, replicated thrice and arranged in a complete randomization design. Adult mortality was recorded at 24 h interval for 5 days, oviposition was recorded after 48 h. While newly emerged insects were recorded 30-35 days after infestation and weight loss was also determined. The treatments showed significant increase in C. maculatus adult mortality as the time of exposure and dosage increases, with highest values (90 and 100% for A. wilkesiana and M. charantia, respectively) at 120 h of exposure and 0.8 g dosage level. At 0.8 g, A. wilkesiana (66.3) and M. charantia (63.0) treated seeds recorded significantly lower number of eggs laid. Similar trend was equally observed for adult emergence and percentage weight loss. The study revealed that both plants had significant insecticidal effects and clearly showed that M. charantia was more effective than A. wilkesiana, but did not show higher significant differences in all the parameters assessed. This indicated that these plant powders have prospective to safeguard cowpea seeds in store from C. maculatus infestation and damage. Therefore, these plant should be included in the Integrated Pest Management Strategies for cowpea storage by small scale farmers.
Volatile chemical composition of Colombian Piper gorgonillense Trel. & Yunck. essential oil and its repellent and fumigant activity against Tribolium castaneum Herbst
Authors: Jaramillo-Colorado Beatriz Eugenia , Palacio-Herrera Flor María , Pino-Benítez Cruz Nayive
Published: April 2021

Essential oils (EOs) are mixtures of volatile organic compounds, mostly terpenes, from the secondary metabolism of plants. These oils exert various activities on insects that damage crops and cause losses worldwide for the economy and agriculture. Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is one of the main pests causing the loss of a large amount of stored food. The objective of this study was to evaluate the volatile chemical composition of the essential oil from Piper gorgonillense Trel. & Yunck. and its repellent and fumigant activity on T. castaneum. The volatile composition was determined with gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The majority compounds found in the EO were b-caryophyllene (28.7%), a-copaene (13.5%), and d-cadinene (7.3%). The repellency percentages obtained were 78 and 90% at a concentration of 1% with exposure times of 48 and 72 hours, respectively. The fumigant activity refers to the insecticidal action that an essential oil vapor can have without coming into direct contact with insects; this was 100% at a concentration of EO 350 µg mL-1. The results showed that the P. gorgonillense EO had repellent and insecticidal properties for the biological control of T. castaneum.
Zucchini lineages with levels of resistance to ZYMV and SqMV viruses
Authors: Beloti Igor Forigo , Maciel Gabriel Mascarenhas , Alves Igor Matheus , Pereira Lucas Medeiros , Lemes Ernane Miranda
Published: April 2021

Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) is a horticultural plant species of great socioeconomic value in tropical countries such as Colombia and Brazil. The production of zucchini is qualitatively and quantitatively affected by many diseases, especially viruses belonging to the Potyvirus (Zucchini yellow mosaic virus - ZYMV) and Comovirus (Squash mosaic virus - SqMV) groups. The primary strategy to reduce the spread of potentially damaging plant viruses is the development of genotypes with genetic tolerance; however, there are not many zucchini genotypes with multiple tolerance. Therefore, this study evaluated 66 zucchini genotypes to find sources of tolerance to the ZYMV and SqMV viruses. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design using genotypes from the germplasm bank of the Federal University of Uberlândia, including the genotypes: Emanuela (common commercial genotype) ‘Tronco Caserta’ (susceptible genotype) and PX 13067051 (resistant genotype). Leaf extracts containing viral particles were used as inoculant, and the distribution of grades of tolerance was recorded at the seedling stage. The lineages UFU-C×UFU-A#18#3;1, UFU-C×UFU-F#19#11;3, UFU-F#4#9;1, and UFU-D×UFU-F#7#21;1 and the Emanuela cultivar are alternatives for the production of new zucchini genotypes or hybrids with tolerance to the viruses ZYMV and SqMV. More severe symptoms were observed, as well as a larger number of susceptible genotypes for the ZYMV virus, indicating that this virus has great potential for causing damage and losses to zucchini crops.
Technological and socio-economic analysis of the local production system of the pink Zaragoza bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the Caribbean of Colombia
Authors: Martínez-Reina Antonio María , Grandett-Martínez Liliana María , Tordecilla-Zumaqué Lilibet , Rodríguez-Pinto María Del Valle , Cordero-Cordero Carina Cecilia , Tofiño-Rivera Adriana Patricia
Published: April 2021

The objective of this study was to characterize the Zaragoza pink bean production system in the Colombian Caribbean from the technical and economic point of view. A survey was randomly applied to 32 farmers in producing areas. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, measurements of central tendency and contingency tables. The economic return calculations were made using a production cost pattern and economic profitability analysis techniques. The results showed that the average experience in cultivation is 12 years; the average age of the farmers is 48 years; the predominant type of tenure is property in 63% of the sample; and the mode of the area devoted to this crop is 0.5 ha. The use of family labor predominates in 65% of cases. 90% of the production is destined for the market, 8% is destined for self-consumption, and 2% is for seeds. Production costs correspond to 1,437 USD/ha, the average production is 1,700 kg ha-1, and the average sale price was 0.886 USD/kg, which generates a cost benefit ratio of 1.43% in three months of the productive cycle, from sowing to postharvest. This crop is profitable and stable inasmuch as its yields recover costs and generate profits for producers.
Effects of paclobutrazol and mepiquat chloride on the growth and development of plantain Dominico Hartón (Musa AAB)
Authors: Arias-García Juan Sebastián , Aristizábal-Loaiza Manuel
Published: April 2021

Colombia is the fourth largest producer of plantain in the world, with a harvest of 3,539,252 t. Various biotic and abiotic factors affect yields, including phytoparasitic nematodes that are a major constraint in this crop. For this reason, strategies are being sought to improve the performance of this plant with this cosmopolitan pest. This research evaluated the effect of two hormonal regulators on the growth and development of the Dominico plantain. The experiment design had treatments that were divided plots, where the main plot corresponded to the type of product, and the sub-plot corresponded to the concentrations of paclobutrazol and mepiquat chloride in the different doses: 0, 250 and 500 mg L-1. The experiment unit consisted of ten plants with four replicates. The evaluated variables were plant height, diameter of the pseudostem, number of functional leaves, length and diameter of the roots, number of nematodes and variables for production quality. The two growth regulators reduced the plant height before emergence of the flower; paclobutrazol reduced the height by up to 40%, while mepiquat chloride reduced the height by up to 6.7%. There were no statistical differences in the production per plant, where the production with paclobutrazol was 14 kg/plant and, with mepiquat chloride, was 15 kg/plant. The control was 14.5 kg/plant. The use of growth regulators did not significantly restrict the damage caused by nematodes; however, paclobutrazol performed better as a growth regulator in the Dominico Hartón plants.
Accumulation and distribution of micronutrients in banana cv. Williams (Musa AAA Simmonds) with different doses of nitrogen
Authors: Torres-Bazurto Jaime , Magnitskiy Stanislav , Sánchez Jaiver Danilo
Published: April 2021

This research evaluated the effect of nitrogen fertilization (0, 161, 321.8, or 483 kg ha-1) on the accumulation of Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, and B in banana plants cv. Williams in two production cycles in Uraba, Colombia. The micronutrient accumulation models for the plants were obtained with a multivariate approach for differences between cycles, using a randomized complete block design with repeated measurements over time. The N doses with greater accumulation of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and B in the plants with fruits were 321.8 and 483 kg ha-1. The average sequence of micronutrient extraction by whole plants was Fe>Mn≥Zn>B>Cu in the first cycle and Fe>Cu>Mn≥Zn>B in the second cycle. The micronutrient accumulation was organ-specific and varied depending on the stage of development. Fe was the major micronutrient extracted by the corm, pseudostem, and bunch. The leaves had the greatest accumulation of Mn. The higher fertilizer doses generated a major response in terms of micronutrient extraction by the banana plants.
Morphology and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn associated with potato black scurf in Nariño (Colombia)
Authors: Betancourth-García Carlos A. , Castro-Caicedo Bertha Lucía , Quiroz-Ojeda Claudia , Sañudo-Sotelo Benjamin , Florez-Casanova Carlos , Salazar-González Claudia
Published: April 2021

The objective of the research was to understand the diversity of Rhizoctonia solani in potato crops in Nariño. Tubers with sclerotia were collected from farms in the municipalities of Pasto, Ipiales, Tuquerres and Ospina. In a laboratory, the strains were grouped in categories, selecting 30 for morphological and pathogenic studies. In an PDA medium, the daily mycelia growth rate (DMGR), pigmentation, texture, growth pattern (GP) and sclerotia characteristics were determined. The hyphae width and nuclei number were also evaluated. Solanum tuberosum L. Group Phureja seedlings were used in the pathogenicity test. Initially, 494 strains were obtained with diverse cultural characteristics, grouped in 15 categories, selecting two of each one for the research. Of the 30 strains, there were significant differences in the DMGR according to the Tukey test (P=0.05), 96.6% of the strains had an average of 16.6 mm day-1. 15 day-old colonies had cream, beige, brown and salmon colors. 95% of the isolates formed plush mycelium with GP concentric simple rings, complex rings, and scattered and stellate forms. Sclerotia formation began at 6 days (average), and, at 15 days, dispersed arrangement predominated, as well as a peripheral, with brown, beige and cream colors. Three isolates did not produce sclerotia. The hyphae had a mean of 9.7 μm, and the nuclei number ranged between 7.2 - 8.2, without statistical differences. Twenty-four isolates caused 100% plant infection. The results suggest differences between the isolates, associated with levels of pathogenicity or anastomosis groups (AG), characteristics that will be studied in future research.
Turismo e Patrimônio Industrial: Analise do potencial turístico da cervejaria Miranda Corrêa através do olhar dos moradores
Authors: Mendonça Rosanna Lima
Published: April 2021

O turismo industrial está interligado ao turismo cultural, no qual visa uma indústria viva, pelo fazer-se ou pela memória, podendo acarretar significados e vivencias diferentes. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o potencial turístico da cervejaria através do olhar da população do bairro de Aparecida. Esse processo se dará a partir do levantamento histórico da fábrica, assim como se levantará uma analise da observação e conceituação da comunidade ao entorno referente à fábrica e ao turismo. O turismo é uma atividade econômica atrelada à cultura (ou as culturas das populações existentes no mesmo espaço) pode trazer consequências positivas e ao mesmo tempo negativas. Assim, conclui-se que referente à atividade turística e a potencialidade, os colaboradores gostariam de ter movimento turístico no entorno, principalmente que envolvesse a fábrica, e ao mesmo tempo conhecem que a atividade poderá interferir negativamente no seu cotidiano.Palavras-chave: Patrimônio Industrial; Cervejaria Miranda Corrêa; Turismo Industrial; Manaus.
Psychotherapy, psychoanalysis and anthropology: how a psychiatrist becomes a sophist (commentary to Joseph Zislin, md, part 1)
Authors: Martynov Innokentiy A.
Published: April 2021

How and why psychoanalysts become storytellers is a two-part article by Joseph Zislin, MD published by the Neurology Bulletin in 2020. In this paper Dr. Zislin studies several quasi-psychoanalytical essays on famous fairy-tales, published by physicians and psychologists online. Surprisingly, it is from his own philological discussion of their texts which Dr. Zislin draws conclusions about therapeutic abilities of the authors, as well as about the relevance of psychoanalysis to clinical practice and social studies alike. The present text is a commentary to Dr. Zislins How and why psychoanalysts become storytellers. It studies the ways of gathering and presenting data exercised in the original paper, as well as the strategies of argumentation Dr. Zislin chooses. Although one cannot tell for sure whether the data presented were distorted on purpose or not, choosing the strategy of argumentation is always a more or less conscious decision. Some analytic tools of rhetoric allow one to demonstrate that Dr. Zislin uses argumentation unacceptable in academic writing that of deceptive reasoning, logical fallacies and sophisms. The present commentary is to highlight a problematic issue: should a practicing physician adhere to rules and norms of other disciplines, once he goes beyond the strict academic field of clinical medicine?
Mental disorder as a natural cataclysm: boundaries of а psychopathological landscape
Authors: Davtian Stepan E.
Published: April 2021

The main obstacle to the development of a reliable taxonomy of mental disorders is an incorrectly formulated problem: natural classification requires discrete elements, while the clinical picture of diseases does not meet this requirement. An alternative project is proposed, the essence of which is to create a map of the psychopathological landscape based on discrete landscape-forming factors, by analogy with models successfully used in climatology.
The Impact of News about Pandemic on Borsa Istanbul during the COVID-19 Financial Turmoil
Authors: TAN Ömer Faruk
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic, which emerged in December 2019 and then spread worldwide, has affected
not only economic and social life but also the financial markets. It has left investors greatly panicked
and affected their decisions. In this study, the effect of COVID-19 related news on Borsa Istanbul
is analyzed using the panel quantile regression method. The study period is set between 10 March
2020 and 17 April 2020. The panic index, media hype index, fake news index, country sentiment
index, infodemic index, and media coverage index created by the RavenPack data platform are used
for the analysis. The impact of news, it was found, varies amongst the quantiles, and there exists an
asymmetric dependence between the returns of Borsa Istanbul and COVID-19 related news. More
efficient communication channels, the results indicate, should be used to alleviate the financial turmoil
caused by COVID-19.
Is Communication A Receipt For Doctors? The Relationship Between Communication Competence And Trust: A Research On Breast Patients
Authors: KARAKAYA Çiğdem , ERENDAG SUMER Fulya , GÖK DEMİR Zuhal , DURMAZ Emel
Published: April 2021

Although significant studies have been conducted in the field of health communication in terms of
communication competence, its role on trust in the radiology department needs further exploration.
The communication skills of radiologists are considered an important indicator of trust. Therefore,
the study aims to research the effect of communication competence on trust. With this aim the
current study seeks to contribute to health communication literature by researching the patients’
perceived communication competence of doctors as a determining factor that develop trust in the
radiology department. The research was carried out between December 2019 and March 2020 using a
questionnaire form with 321 breast patients in the radiology department in a public health institution in
Antalya, Turkey. The results of the study refer that communication competence as a whole concept has
a strong positive and statistically significant effect on trust. When the dimensions of communication competence are investigated, it is found that socioemotional communication is the only dimension that
has a strong effect on the formation of trust among communication competence.
La mina de wolframio de Valborraz: descripción de una fuente potencial de contaminación por arsénico
Authors: Cárdenes Víctor , Paradelo Remigio , Rubio Álvaro , Monterroso Carmen
Published: April 2021

Se estudiaron los niveles de contaminación del suelo en los terrenos afectados por una mina de wolframio abandonada en Valdeorras (noroeste de España). La mina funcionó principalmente en la primera mitad del siglo XX y se cerró definitivamente en 1953. Se tomaron muestras de suelo en trece puntos dentro de la mina (incluyendo tanto los suelos naturales como los desarrollados sobre los residuos de la mina), y en dos suelos naturales cercanos a la zona de la mina. Los metales pesados totales (Fe, Zn, Ni y Cu) y el As se analizaron por fluorescencia de rayos X en muestras de suelo tamizadas (< 2 mm). Se encontraron niveles de As extremadamente altos (>1000 mg kg-1) en todas las muestras de la zona de la mina, mientras que para los metales pesados analizados no se observaron concentraciones anormalmente altas. Aunque los altos niveles de fondo de As son comunes en los suelos desarrollados sobre pizarras en la región, las concentraciones encontradas para los suelos naturales dentro de de la mina eran demasiado elevadas para tener un origen geológico, y probablemente se deban a la contaminación procedente de las escombreras cercanas de la mina. Las concentraciones de As en los suelos de la mina eran más altas que en los suelos naturales, oscilando entre el 0,5 y el 1% aproximadamente. Las mayores concentraciones de As (cercanas al 4%) se encontraron en los depósitos de oxihidróxido de hierro, que precipitan directamente del agua en algunos lugares de la zona. Estas altas concentraciones de As representan una cierta amenaza para la salud ambiental que aún no ha sido cuantificada. Aunque se necesitan investigaciones adicionales para determinar los posibles riesgos ecológicos y para la salud humana asociados a la mina, nuestros resultados sugieren que este lugar podría actuar como una peligrosa fuente de As.
Geological dimension of the cultural heritage: A case example of the Ajanta Caves (Maharashtra, India)
Authors: Gontareva Elena F. , Ansari Mohd Khalid , Ruban Dmitry A. , Ahmad Mashud , Singh Trilok Nath
Published: April 2021

International development for the both geoconservation and geotourism requires attention to all kinds of (potential) geological heritage. The Ajanta Caves (western Maharashtra, India) is a famous cultural object consisting of 30 caves carved in the Deccan Traps and inscribed to the UNESCO list of the World Heritage Sites. Its examination permits to indicate four geological features, which are the artificial caves themselves (these mark geological activity of the man in the historical past), the end-Cretaceous floot basalts (these demonstrate the emplacement of Large Igneous Province and the relevant palaeoenvironmental catastrophe), the gorge of the Waghora River  (this  is peculiar landform resulted from the river erosion of hard rocks), and the rockfall hazard (this is an interesting engineering geological phenomenon linked to the caves construction/maintenance). Geological heritage value of these features is argued. Unfortunately, there is not any geotourism activity at the Ajanta Caves presently. The content analysis of the principal on-line resources (web pages) devoted to this cultural site reveals the absence of sufficient geological information that would facilitate geotourism. Generally, judgements about the Ajanta Caves and the other similar sites in the geological dimension permit to consider the wide spectrum of the geological heritage. They also highlight some extra opportunities for geotourism, which can benefit by its development at cultural sites with thousands of visitors.
Who Purchases Tobacco Online? Findings from Waves 1 and 4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study
Authors: King Jessica L. , Merten Julie W. , Nicksic Nicole E.
Published: April 2021

Objectives: We examined the prevalence of and factors associated with usually purchasing tobacco online. Methods: We analyzed Waves 1 (2013-14) and 4 (2016-17) of the US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health adult (18+) and youth (12-17) studies: 15,450 adults and
495 youth in 2013-14 and 15,037 adults and 465 youth in 2016-17. Z-tests compared the prevalence of usually purchasing tobacco online between waves and weighted multivariable regressions identified associations between purchasing online and sociodemographics. Results: The prevalence
of usually purchasing tobacco online increased from 2.5% to 3.3% among adults (p < .05) and from 2.5% to 4.4% among youth (p < .05), generalizing to a US population of 2,000,000 adults and 35,000 youth. E-cigarettes and cigars and e-cigarettes and waterpipe tobacco were the most common
products among adults and youth, respectively. Men, adults with greater education, adults with higher income, and non-Hispanic black youth had greater odds of purchasing tobacco online (p < .05). Conclusions: Usually purchasing tobacco online remains low, although ever
purchasing was not assessed. Efforts should be made to expand Internet tobacco purchasing surveillance and extend and enforce restrictions broadly across tobacco products to reduce youth access.
Treatment of aseptic osteonecrosis of the talus. A draft of clinical guidelines
Authors:   National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics n.a. N.N. Priorov, Moscow, Russian Federation, Torgashin A.N. , Mursalov A.K. ,   National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics n.a. N.N. Priorov, Moscow, Russian Federation, Rodionova S.S. ,   National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics n.a. N.N. Priorov, Moscow, Russian Federation, Zagorodniy N.V. ,   National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics n.a. N.N. Priorov, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: April 2021

Clinical guidelines are an algorithm adapted for use in our country, based on the works systematized by the level of evidence, reflecting current approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of aseptic bone necrosis (osteonecrosis) of various localizations. Purpose of the study Creation of an algorithm for diagnosis and treatment of osteonecrosis based on the assessment of the evidence level of literature data. Material and methods The Guidelines are a systematized algorithm based on the level of evidence for the management of patients with osteonecrosis, reflecting current approaches to diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation, which are based on literature data and the authors' own experience. Electronic databases of Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library platforms were searched for related sources. Preference was given to the works with high levels of evidence. References to information sources are given in the order of their appearance in the text. The search depth was 50 years due to the availability of systematic literature reviews in the framework of previous international clinical guidelines. When specific medical procedures related to the diagnosis, conservative or surgical treatment of osteonecrosis were included in the clinical recommendations, their level of evidence was reliability, the appropriateness of their use, taking into account the unified scale for assessing the quality of evidence and the strength of the recommendations for application of medical technologies GRADE. Results The Guidelines reflect aspects of clinical, instrumental and laboratory examination of patients with osteonecrosis, treatment options depending on the location of the process and disease stage. Conclusion Clinical recommendations on the medical assistance to patients with aseptic osteonecrosis have been compiled according to the requirements imposed on clinical recommendations developed by medical professional non-profit institutions
Comparative analysis of surgical treatments of non-union in forearm fractures
Authors:   Republican Specialized Scientific-practical Medial Centre of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Khodjanov I.Yu. , Rakhimov A.M. ,   Republican Specialized Scientific-practical Medial Centre of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Kosimov A.A. ,   Tashkent Medical Academy, Tashkent, Uzbekistan,   Tashkent state dental medical Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Published: April 2021

Objective To compare outcomes of non-union in forearm fractures treated with the use of a comprehensive surgical approach considering the injury pattern and localization. Material and methods Based on treatment approaches the cases were categorized into 3 groups with proximal forearm fractures (group I, n = 28; 33.8 %), mid-shaft and distal forearm fractures (group II, n = 32; 38.5 %), and controls (group III, n = 23; 27.7 %). Group I included patients with hypertrophic nonunion (HTNU) of the forearm bones treated with bone graft and plating. Group II consisted of atrophic nonunion, HTNU of the forearm bones repaired with the Ilizarov external fixation. A single 3 mL local injection of autologous bone marrow and a kukumazim solution of 50 PU were used to induce bone fusion in the patients of the two groups. The control group included non-unions with no considerations to the fracture pattern and localization. All patients underwent physical, radiological examinations and laboratory tests. Results The control group showed 8.7 % poor and 69.5 % good outcomes at a long term, whereas 3.6 % results were rated as poor and 82.1 % as good in group I, with 3.1 % poor and 87.6 % good outcomes in group II. The ratings can be associated with a differentiated surgical approach considering the injury pattern and localization, the use of kukumazim proteolytic enzymes and autologous bone marrow injection. Conclusion Optimization of surgical treatments and considerations for injury pattern and localization allowed for a 2.8-time (3.1 %) decrease in poor outcomes and a 30 % reduction in the limb immobilization period.
Objectification of indications for surgical restoration of the plantar plate in the treatment of multiplanar static foot deformities accompanied by hammertoe deformity of the lesser toes using ultrasound
Authors:   City Clinical Hospital № 3, Krasnodar, Russian Federation, Cherevtsov V.N. , Blazhenko A.N. ,   Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, Russian Federation, Bogdanov S.B. ,   Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, Russian Federation, Mazalov A.V. ,   Moscow Research Centre Name after A.S. Loginov Moscow, Russian Federation, Ketov M.S. ,   City Clinical Hospital № 1 Novokuznetsk, Russian Federation
Published: April 2021

Introduction Progressive multiplanar static deformity of the forefoot can result in hallux valgus, metatarsus primus varus, transverse flat foot and associated overload of the metatarsophalangeal joints (MTPJ) with plantar plate degeneration and rupture of MPT joints of the lesser toes leading to hammertoe deformity. Diagnostic ultrasound in the identification of plantar plate tears is easy to use at any medical center of the Russian Federation with orthopaedic services and provide a relatively inexpensive option compared with other advanced imaging modalities. The goal was to present ultrasound technology for accurate evaluation of the severity of plantar plate injury which may provide guidance for surgical treatment of hammertoe deformity of the lesser toes in patients with multiplanar static forefoot deformity. Material and methods The study recruited 88 participants with multiplanar static deformity of the forefoot, who underwent ultrasound evaluation according to the original method (RF Patent No. 2699383 "Method for determining the type of degenerative rupture of the plantar plate of the metatarsophalangeal joint due to overload metatarsalgia”) to objectify the results of a physical examination with the Hamilton-Thompson test performed for identifying the degree of instability of the MTPJ, and nonparametric analysis was produced with Pearson's Chisquare test. Results Evaluation of the severity of plantar plate injury in the study group of patients (n = 88) with the Hamilton-Thompson test and ultrasound imaging showed diagnostic error in 22.8 % of cases with the use of clinical methods that allowed reasonable reduction of surgical intervention in 2.3 % and substantial correction of the treatment approaches in 20.5 % preventing a complete plantar plate tear. Discussion The ultrasound scanning introduced in the algorithm for diagnosing the degree of plantar plate rupture facilitated an objective approach to the choice of the most appropriate treatment strategy for complicated multiplanar forefoot deformities accompanied by a non-rigid hammertoe deformity of lesser toes. Conclusion Preoperative ultrasound imaging of the plantar surface of the foot for detecting the severity of plantar plate injury should be included in the diagnostic algorithm for patients with complicated multiplanar forefoot deformities accompanied by a non-rigid hammertoe deformity of lesser toes.
Histomorphometric changes in the synovial membrane of the knee joint in combined use of the Ilizarov non-free bone plasty and the Masquelet technique (experimental study)
Authors:   Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kurgan, Russian Federation, Stupina T.A. , Diuriagina O.V. ,   Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kurgan, Russian Federation, Mokhovikov D.S. ,   Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kurgan, Russian Federation, Stupina Yu.А. ,   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russian Federation, Borzunov D.Yu. ,   Ural State Medical University, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation,   Central City Clinical Hospital № 23, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Published: April 2021

Relevance Defects of long bones result in anatomical and functional complex of pathologies in the entire limb. There are few fundamental studies of tissues adjacent to bone defects by using different technologies for management of long bone defects. Purpose To study the structural changes in the synovial membrane of the knee joint by modelling the conditions for tibial defect management using the Ilizarov method of non-free bone plasty in combination with the Masquelet technique. Materials and methods The conditions of post-resection defect of the tibia (from 15 % of the segment length) by lengthening the distal fragment were modeled in ten mongrel dogs. Temporarily, for 30 days, a cement spacer was implanted into the post-resection defect gap. Upon its removal, the intermediate fragment in the lower third of the leg was transported at a rate of 1 mm in 4 steps until complete contact of the bone fragments. Histomorphometric studies of the synovium were carried out at the observation stages at the end of the fixation period (60 days) and after removing the apparatus (30 days). Results Two types of changes were revealed in the synovium: changes of a destructive nature without synovitis (30 % of cases) and with signs of synovitis (70 % of cases, 3 dogs had mild synovitis and 4 dogs had severe synovitis). Changes in the microvessels of the synovial membrane in synovitis indicated impaired microcirculation, high activity of angiogenesis and the development of hypervascularization. Conclusion Experimental management of the tibial bone defect by Ilizarov method in combination with the Masquelet technique revealed signs of synovitis of the knee joint in 70 % of cases using histophorphometry methods.
Survival of isolated skin explants in remote interaction with stratiform periodic structures
Authors:   H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Сhildren's Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Nikityuk I.E. , Afonichev K.A. ,   H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Сhildren's Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Nikitin M.S. ,   H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Сhildren's Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Petrash V.V. ,   Private Institution Educational Organization of Higher Education REAVIZ University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Kubasov V.A. ,   D.V. Efremov Scientific Research Institute of Electrophysical Apparatus (NIIEFA), Saint Petersburg, Russia
Published: April 2021

Full-thickness skin grafts are used in reconstructive surgeries. Objectives Experimental study of the possibility of long-term preservation of viable skin grafts in severely impaired trophics at remote interaction with entities having stratiform periodic structure. Material and methods Full-thickness skin was excised from the rabbits' backside and dissected into explants sized 1.0 × 1.0 cm. The samples (n = 81) were divided into three groups and thermostated for 2 days at 37 °C at a various distance from the metal (aluminum) presented as a 20-layer package of smooth foil forming a stratiform periodic structure (SPS) (series I), chaotic layers of squeezed foil (series II) and a single-piece sheet (series III). Histological analysis was performed for the three series to evaluate the explants' viability after the thermostating. Results The highest survival estimates were seen in experimental explants of series I that interacted with the SPS of stratified foil layers. The wave nature of such remote interaction was suggested with delayed dystrophic and necrotic processes developing in the skin samples. Experimental samples of series III appeared to be less viable. The explant vitality in series II was sharply reduced due to rapidly spreading necrosis. Conclusion Skin explants were shown to retain viability for a longer time when interacting remotely with stratiform periodic structures in the absent trophics. These promising results can be practical for the development of wound dressings to improve survival of full-thickness skin transplantation in reconstruction of deep skin defects.
Uyumlu Tasarıma Geçişte Kitle İletişim Araçlarının Gelişimi
Authors: İRALI Ali Efe
Published: April 2021

Sayısal ortamın fiziksel ve sanal ürünlerindeki geliştirme süreçleri kitle iletişim araçları üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Kitle iletişim araçları üzerinde görülen bu etkiler, uyumlu tasarım yoluyla internet yayıncılığında farklı anlamlar oluşturmuştur. Diğer taraftan, uyumlu tasarım, cihaz, işletim sistemi ve çözünürlük gibi özelliklerden bağımsız olarak özgürce çalışabilen çeşitli ortamlara çok sayıda fırsat sağlamıştır. Bu çalışma, ilgili tasarım sistemini kitle iletişim araçlarının tarihsel arka planı üzerinden incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Bu nedenle, çalışmada, uyumlu tasarımın ilgili araçlarının kapsamını ve tarihsel gelişimini incelemeyi hedefleyen geniş kapsamlı bir alanyazın taraması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın birinci bölümünde, tarihsel arka planları üzerinden kitle iletişim araçlarının adaptasyon ve çevrimiçi ortam süreçlerinin derlenmesine odaklanılmıştır. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde, kitle iletişim araçları ile olan bağlantılarını ve çevrimiçi olanaklarını anlamak için uyumlu tasarım kavramı incelenmiştir. Üçüncü bölümdeyse, günümüz kitle iletişim araçları tasarım sistemleri, güncel uyumlu tasarım yöntemlerini örneklendirebilmek adına kullanılmıştır. İnceleme sonuçları, yeni medya teknolojilerini aktif olarak kullanan kurum ve kuruluşların, farklı alanlarda bir sonraki yeni nesil yayıncılık yöntemlerini de tanımladığını göstermektedir.
“Nitelikli Televizyon”: Netflix Platformunda “Nitelikli Drama”nın Yeniden İnşası
Authors: ÖZKENT Yasemin , CAN Aytekin
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmada Netflix’in küresel düzeyde en fazla izlenen The Witcher (2019- ) dizisi 1990’lı yıllardan beri televizyon literatüründe sıklıkla ele alınan “nitelikli televizyon” ve “nitelikli drama” kavramları zemininde incelenmiştir. Dijital medya platformları, televizyonun evrimini derinden etkilemiş ve daha “sinematik” dramalar için fırsat sunmuştur. The Witcher’ın dijital televizyon kültürünün yönelimlerini içeren bir dizi olması örneklem olarak seçilmesinde etkili olmuştur. Çalışmanın temel amacı Netflix’te nitelik kavramının işleyişini sorgulamaktır. Makalede ilk olarak kısa bir tarihçesiyle birlikte nitelikli televizyon kavramı açıklanmış ve nitelikli dramaların karakteristik özellikleri tanıtılmıştır. Sonrasında Netflix’in kendine özgü üretim sürecinin, hikâye anlatıcılığı tarzının, niş izleyici kitlesi yakalama ve üst üste izletmeye teşvik etme eğiliminin nitelikli drama üretimiyle ilişkisi ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmada, bahsedilen eğilimleri somutlaştırmak üzere The Witcher dizisinin ilk sezonu metin analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Dizi, nitelikli dramaların ayırıcı niteliği haline gelen anlatı karmaşıklığı, estetik değer ve özgünlük gibi kategoriler aracılığıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Robert J. Thompson, Jane Feuer, Robin Nelson, Janet McCabe ve Kim Akass gibi öncü kuramcılara yaslanılarak belirlenen bu kategoriler aracılığıyla dizinin kültürel değerini belirleyen özellikler açığa çıkarılmıştır. Bu bağlamda Netflix platformunun sağladığı olanaklarla birlikte The Witcher’ın anlatı formlarının nitelik değerlerine denk düştüğü ve dijital medya platformlarının nitelikli televizyonda önemli bir geçiş alanı olduğu savunulmuştur.
Comparison of performance-related responses to an endurance running training between untrained men and women
Authors: Fernandes da Silva D , Segabinazi Peserico C , Andrade Machado F
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The adherence on endurance running events is increasing exponentially around the World in both previously untrained men and women, thus the incorporation of more appropriate and individualized training approaches are required. It is not known if male and female untrained runners differ in the responses to endurance running training on performancerelated variables. Objective: We aimed to compare performance-related responses to an endurance running training program between untrained men and women. Material and method: Sixteen participants (8 men and 8 women) were paired in the baseline by age, body mass index, and percentage in which time to complete 5 km (t5km) represented from the average of best 50 runners t5km in the greatest regional race for each gender. They completed an 11-week training protocol alternating high-intensity interval training and moderateintensity continuous running, three times per week, in a running track. In the week 1 and 11 of the protocol (baseline and post-training weeks), peak running velocity at treadmill (Vpeak), time limit (tlim) at 100% Vpeak, t5km, and the index rMSSD of heart rate variability (HRV) were measured for cardiac autonomic function. Baseline gender-differences were accounted in the analysis. Results: Male and female significantly improved Vpeak (9.4 ± 1.7% and 7.2 ± 1.7%, respectively) and t5km (-13.0 ± 1.8% for both), and no gender-related differences for the adaptations in these two variables were observed. The tlim at 100% Vpeak and rMSSD did not change across the training period in both groups. Percentage of change for men was “moderately” higher than for women for rMSSD (33.4 ± 40.7% vs. 13.9 ± 21.4%), although statistically non-significant. Conclusion: Men and women responses to training were similar with regards to their running performance and cardiac autonomic function. With regards to practical application, Vpeak and its tlim can be applied in exercise settings for the prescription of moderate- to high-intensity running training with similar benefits regardless of the biological gender
Optimum timing in creatine supplementation for improved sporting performance
Authors: Jurado-Castro JM , Navarrete-Pérez A , Ranchal-Sánchez A , Mata Ordóñez F
Published: April 2021

Creatine is a sports supplement with high scientific evidence on its effects on performance and with emerging health’s results, including for vegetarian athletes and older adults. The creatine type and effective doses have been well studied, presenting consistent results. However, not many studies have evaluated the ingestion timing in terms of its interaction with the creatine effects. The aim of this review is to analyze the different existing scientific literature on creatine supplementation protocols and their interaction with the timing of ingestion, in order to assess whether there is a greater effect of the ergogenic dose of creatine considered effective when It is ingested before, post workout or at another time of the day. The results of this work presented different types of protocols and doses in creatine supplementation, despite being diverse the protocols shown in the literature, the most effective consisted of a consumption of 0.3 g/kg/d for five days, followed by a consumption of 0.03 g/kg/d, thus achieving a greater reserve of PCr in skeletal muscle. Studies showed greater benefits when creatine intake was carried out in the moments close to workout due to greater blood flow, the studies pointing to significant improvements in post-workout consumption, since creatine can increase the rate of glycogen uptake in muscle and increase insulin sensitivity
Implications of Striatal Dopamine Signalling for Schizophrenia
Authors: Simmons Alexander
Published: April 2021

Our understanding of striatal dopamine (DA) function has come a long way since the inception of the DA hypothesis of schizophrenia. These advances have been facilitated in large part by the technique of optogenetics and they have helped to provide a neural basis for the motivational-salience theory of psychosis. This research has also revealed novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of schizophrenia. Optogenetic studies of striatal DA signalling have proven to be a promising area of research with important implications for our understanding of schizophrenia and its treatment.
Global Health Disparities: A Pressing Issue and a Student-based Initiative to Help
Authors: Ripsman David
Published: April 2021

Abstract: Developing countries, such as India, suffer profound healthcare disparities compared to developed countries. This commentary explores these healthcare disparities, the barriers to improving healthcare in developing countries, and potential solutions to address these barriers. As an example of a medical student initiative, we highlight a not-for-profit organization that we started with a group of University of Ottawa students, Heart 2 Heart: International Healthcare Relief. Heart 2 Heart provides students at Ontario Universities an opportunity to support the health of low-income individuals in India, Morocco, and Bangladesh.
A newer horizon in non-pharmacological management of intractable epilepsy of childhood: the ketogenic diet
Authors: Chaudhary Ansh , Chaudhary Bhupendra
Published: April 2021

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high fat, low carbohydrate and adequate protein diet that was formulated in the early 1920s as a treatment of intractable epilepsy, when only bromides and phenobarbitones were available. With the discovery of phenytoin in 1935 and other anticonvulsants in subsequent decades its popularity gradually waned off but recently KD has got a resurgence in the management of intractable epilepsy especially of childhood onset, despite the availability of increasing number of new Antiepileptic drugs and surgical techniques.
Comparative study of efficacy of topical minoxidil versus topical minoxidil with finasteride in androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Gowda Adarsh , Sushmitha K. C. , Chandra Krithi Subhash
Published: April 2021

Background: Minoxidil and finasteride are most common drugs used in androgenetic alopecia. The objective of the study was to know the efficacy of topical minoxidil solution with and without finasteride.

Methods: In total about 30 subjects, aged 18-45 years, who came for outpatient consultation for male pattern androgenetic alopecia were randomized into two groups. Group A was treated with 0.1% topical finasteride and 5% minoxidil solution and Group B was treated with 5% minoxidil solution after taking informed consent from subjects of both groups.

Results: Analysis of the extent of bald area, hair count and number of terminal hair showed better results in group A compared to group B.

Conclusions: Better results were obtained with combination of topical minoxidil with finasteride than with plain topical minoxidil.