bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE METABOLISM OF GUANINE BY THE DIATOM PHAEODACYLUM TRICONUTUM BOHLIN1
Authors: Allison G. , Syrett P. J.
Published: August 2010

Guanine taken up by intact cells of Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin was rapidly converted to allantoin which accumulated in the cells; the earleir view that the compound which accumulated was a methylahypoxanthine is shown to be erroneous. In contrast, cells of P. tricornutum, after premeabilisation with toluene, converted guanine only to xanthine, the reaction presumably being catalysed by guanine diaminase. Freshly harvested N‐replete cells contained substantial guanine deaminase activity (ca. 200 nmol (108 cells h)−1); this activity doubled during 5 hours of N‐deprivation. During the same period, the ability to take up guanine, which was initially low, increased by about 25x.
INTRACELLULAR PHOTOSYNTHATE ALLOCATION AND THE CONTROL OF ARCTIC MARINE ICE ALGAL PRODUCTION1
Authors: Smith Ralph E. H. , Clement Pierre , Cota Glenn F. , Li William K. W.
Published: August 2010

Ice algae are a case study in photo‐autotrophic growth and metabolism under chronically low temperature and irradiance. We measured the allocation of 14C‐labelled photosynthate among major classes of intracellular carbon (low molecular weight compounds, or LMW; lipid; protein; and polysaccharide) and found light‐dependent changes in allocation broadly similar to photo‐adaptive responses known in phytoplankton at higher temperatures; average relative allocation to protein varied inversely (10–37%) and allocation to lipids and polysaccharides directly (10–23%, and 16–21%, respectively) with the sub‐inhibiting irradiance levels we employed (3.5–33.0 μE.M−2. s−1). Unlike many observations at higher temperatures, ours indicated (on average) a large and light‐insensitive allocation to LMW (ca. 40%) and a greater light‐sensitivity in lipid than in polysaccharide allocation. At the higher incubation irradiances, resembling in situ levels typical of areas with little (0–5 cm) snow cover, allocation to protein was often low (10–13%) compared to many observations of nutrient‐sufficient or light‐limited phytoplankton. Allocation to protein increased substantially (to ca. 40%) during a period of intensified tidal mixing, and assimilation numbers also attained a maximum at about the same time. Such dynamics show that the ice algae are not constrained to their often protein‐poor allocation by the constantly low ambient temperature. Rather, they display marked shifts in metabolism consistent with major changes in light and inorganic nutrient supply, driven in part by the physical process of tidal mixing.
INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF COPPER AND SILICIC ACID ON RESTING SPORE FORMATION AND VIABILITY IN A MARINE DIATOM1
Authors: Valente Raymond M. , Cosper Elizabeth M. , Wurster Charles F.
Published: August 2010

The toxic effects of copper on resting spore formation and viability in the marine diatom Chaetoceros protuberans Lauder were determined both with and without silicic acid added to the medium. With silicic acid available, partial inhibition of resting spore formation occurred only at the highest cupric ion activity (pCu 8.6), while the percentage of cells forming spores at pCu's 10.2 and 11.3 was nearly the same as in the controls. Without silicic acid added to the medium, sporulation was completely inhibited at pCu 8.6 and greatly inhibited at pCu 10.2. At pCu 11.3 and in the controls, the rate of spore formation was less than 50%. The results indicate that the inhibition of resting spore formation by copper is related to the concentration of silicic acid available to cells of C. protuberans. This is consistent with previous studies which show that copper toxicity during vegetative growth involves interference with silicification in diatoms and is a function of the silicic acid concentration of the medium.

Viable resting spores of C. protuberans were still present in cultures following exposure to elevated copper concentrations during a 100‐day incubation period. This indicates that resting spores can serve to enhance diatom survival in areas polluted by heavy metals.
AN ATLANTIC POPULATION OF PIKEA CALIFORNICA (DUMONTIACEAE, RHODOPHYTA)1
Authors: Maggs Christine A. , Guiry Michael D.
Published: August 2010

The marine red alga Pikea californica Harvey, previously known only from the east coast of Japan and the west coast of North America, was found in 1983 to be abundant in the surge zone throughout the Isles of Scilly archipelago, off SW England. Examination of herbarium material showed that the population was present in 1967. All plants observed in July 1983 and September 1984 were sterile, but reproductive male and female plants were collected in November 1983. The habitat and phenology of P. californica in the Isles of Scilly closely resemble those of Paczfic populations. English plants are vegetatively and reproductively identical to the type and other California specimens. They can easily be distinguished from Sphaerococcus coronopifolius Stackhouse (Sphaerococcaceae, Gigartinales), the most similar species in the flora of the British Isles, by the presence in transverse section of several lacunae, representing axial and whorlbranchletjilaments, in contrast to the single axial filament of S. coronopifolius. It is possible that the Isles of Scilly population of P. californica is a relict of a species once more widespread, but it seems more likely that it is another example of the well‐established pattern of marine introductions into the British Isles from the North Paczfic. The range of temperature regimes occupied by P. californica in the Pacific suggests that the species could become more widespread in Europe, but at present it appears to be confined to the Isles of Scilly.
THE LIFE HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF HYPOGLOSSUM RHIZOPHORUM (DELESSERIACEAE, RHODOPHYTA) IN CULTURE, A NEW DEEP‐WATER SPECIES FROM THE CARIBBEAN1
Authors: Ballantine David L. , Wynne Michael J.
Published: August 2010

Hypoglossum rhizophorum

sp. nov. is described from deep coral reef habitats on the southern insular shelf of Puerto Rico and the western insular shelf of Basse Terre, Guadeloupe, occurring from 21 to 85 m in depth. The new species is also known from a single shallow‐water collection in Hawaii. Plants grow from a prostrate nonfoliose rhizome producing simple, delicate erect blades at regular intervals. Reproductive plants were not collected in the field; isolated plants, however, readily reproduced in culture demonstrating a typical
“Polysiphonia‐type” life history. Spermatangial sori form coalesced oblique bands which are interrupted by secondary cell rows. Tetrasporangia are produced from both lateral and transverse pericentral cells, adjacent second‐ and third‐order cells as well as cortical cells.
MECHANICAL ADAPTATIONS TO FLOW IN FRESHWATER RED ALGAE1
Authors: Sheath Robert G. , Handbook Julie A.
Published: August 2010

Freshwater red algae can be categorized into seueral morphological groups that contend with flow in diferent ways. Crusts and tufts occur within the boundary layer and thereby may aiioid mechanical stress caused flow. The more tolerant semi‐erect forms can be dizlided into mucilagznous and non‐mucilaginous filaments as well as tissue‐like thalli. Twelve taxa from these groups occur at a wide range of current velocities (x = 24–58 cm‐s−l). There is a signaficant increase in strength of these forms in a gradient from tufs (x = 12 ± 7 kNm‐2) to mucilaginous filaments (X = 530 t‐ I60 kNm‐2) to nonmucilaginous filaments and tissues (x = 1400 ± 400 kN. m‐2). In terms of breaking extension, no consistent trend is observed among the different morphologies; the range is ll.3–29.2% beyond the original length. Sirodotia suecica Kylin produces the least increase in drag farce with increasing flow and thus the lowest E value(‐ 1.27) whereas the large mucilaginous species Batrachospermum boryanum Sirod. and B. virgatum (Kutz.) Sirod. show the highest drag forces and E values (‐0.45 to ‐0.33). Almost a ten‐fold range in estimated current uelocities is required to break apart the freshwater red algae tested. Predicted velocities at which the morphological groups break are as follows: tufts, 80±30 cm.s‐1; mucilaginous filaments, 160#±90 cm.s‐1 and tissues, 580±150 cm.s‐1. Implications regarding euolution of freshwater Rhodophyta are discussed.
A FLAVIN‐LIKE AUTOFLUORESCENT SUBSTANCE IN THE POSTERIOR FLAGELLUM OF GOLDEN AND BROWN ALGAE1
Authors: Kawai Hiroshi
Published: August 2010

An autofluorescent substance occurs in the flagella of flagellate cells of the golden and brown algae. It is localized only in the posterior (short) flagellum and could not be detected in the anterior (long) one. It showed maximum fluorescence emission at 515–520 nm upon excitation of 440 nm; therefore, it is considered to be a flavin. This substance is distributed widely among flagellate cells of golden and brown algae irrespective of their nature (vegetative cells, zoospores, gametes, or sperm). It is absent, however, in some brown algal zoospores and sperm which lack an eyespot and flagellar swelling and are considered to lack phototaxis. Because the flagellar swelling in the posterior flagellum is a presumptive photoreceptor for phototaxis in these groups, it is suggested that the flavin located in the posterior flagellum acts as a photoreceptor pigment in phototaxis.
The 2008 DLD Showcase: A Celebration of 25 Years
Authors: Rooney Karen J.
Published: August 2010

Each year the Division for Learning Disabilities (DLD) of the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) sponsors a Showcase at the CEC convenion to highlight the work of outstanding professionals in the field. Because this year was the DLD's 25th anniversary, past presidents were asked to participate in a panel to provide history and advice for the future. Eleven presidents participated and, through their presentations, traced the history of the DLD and gave wise advice to guide the DLD's path in upcoming years.
“Living in Each Other's Pockets”: The Navigation of Social Distances by Middle Class Families in Los Angeles
Authors: Montgomery Alesia F.
Published: August 2010

In Hollywood movies and dystopian critiques, Los Angeles is two cities: one wealthy, white, and gated, the other impoverished, dark, and carceral. This depiction verges on caricature, eliding the diversity and maneuvers of the region's middle class. Drawing upon ethnographies of middle class families (black, white, Latino, Asian) in affluent areas of West Los Angeles and the Valley and in the low‐income areas that are located south and east of downtown Los Angeles, I explore how and why, and at what costs, parents engage in daily maneuvers to place their children in beneficial settings across the region's vast sprawl. I describe these maneuvers that resemble a game of “musical chairs” as selective flight. In contrast to middle class flight to the suburbs, selective flight involves diurnal rather than residential shifts. Enabling middle‐class families who reside amidst the crumbling infrastructure of the urban core to chase cultural capital and physical safety in ever‐receding advantaged areas, the post‐Civil Rights State expands spatial mobility yet does not close racial distances. The pursuit of ever‐receding spaces of advantage is particularly paradoxical and burdensome for black middle‐class parents.
Expanded Phylogenetic Representation of Genera Opercularia and Epistylis Sheds Light on the Evolution and Higher‐Level Taxonomy of Peritrich Ciliates (Ciliophora: Peritrichia)
Authors: UTZ LAURA R. P. , SIMÃO TAIZ L. L. , SAFI LÚCIA S. L. , EIZIRIK EDUARDO
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. We have generated 18S rRNA sequences for peritrichs collected in Brazil, including four Opercularia species, two different populations of Epistylis plicatilis (one epibiont and another free‐living), and one additional Epistylis species. Our Opercularia species clustered with the previously available Opercularia microdiscum, corroborating the monophyly of this genus. The Epistylis sampled here clustered with previously sequenced species of this genus. The two populations of E. plicatilis collected in Brazil clustered closely together despite their different ecological contexts, whereas both were very divergent from the sample assigned to the same species previously sampled in China. If affirmed by additional morphological corroboration of species assignment, this observation would indicate that samples from different continents morphologically allocated in the same species may in fact belong to distant evolutionary lineages. More broadly, our results support the recognition of two major clades within Peritrichia. Given the robustness of their support, we suggest that these two clades should be formally recognized as orders, and propose the names Vorticellida and Operculariida to designate them. Furthermore, Epistylis species occurred in both orders, tending to occupy basal positions. This suggests that characters used to define this genus may be plesiomorphic for Peritrichia, so that Epistylis may in fact represent an assemblage of basal species retaining ancestral features.
Precursor Dependent Microstructure Evolution and Nonstoichiometry in Nanostructured Cerium Oxide Coatings Using the Solution Precursor Plasma Spray Technique
Authors: Singh Virendra , Karakoti Ajay , Kumar Amit , Saha Abhishek , Basu Saptarshi , Seal Sudipta
Published: August 2010

A solution precursor plasma spray (SPPS) technique has been used for direct deposition of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) from various cerium salt solutions as precursors. Solution precursors were injected into the hot zone of a plasma plume to deposit CNP coatings. A numerical study of the droplet injection model has been employed for microstructure development during SPPS. The decomposition of each precursor to cerium oxide was analyzed by thermogravimetric‐differential thermal analysis and validated by thermodynamic calculations. The presence of the cerium oxide phase in the coatings was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction studies. Transmission electron microscopy studies confirmed nanocrystalline (grain size <14 nm) characteristic of the coatings. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies indicated the presence of a high concentration of Ce3+(up to 0.32) in the coating prepared by SPPS. The processing and microstructure evolution of cerium oxide coatings with high nonstoichiometry are reported.
Platelet Thrombosis Induced by Adenosine Diphosphate in the Rat
Authors: Nordöy A. , Chandler A. B.
Published: August 2010

ADP induces platelet aggregation and thrombosis in vivo. 2. ADP‐induced thrombi are rapidly broken down. 3. Sudden occlusion of pulmonary capillaries by microthrombi induces respiratory arrest. 4. The significance of ADP in the pathogenesis of thrombosis is discussed.
The Influence of Maternal Leucocyte Antibodies on Infants
Authors: Abildgaard Helle , Jensen K. Gert
Published: August 2010

To elucidate how often the presence of leucocyte antibody in the serum of a pregnant woman will lead to the development of neonatal clinically significant neutropenia in her child, a group of 44 infants, all borne by mothers with leucocyte antibody in their sera, were followed over their first three months of life by means of clinical and haematological investigations. At the clinical investigations the infants presented no conspicuous deviations from normal, especially no particularly high frequency of infections was found.

At the haematological investigations, the first of which was not performed, however, until the infants were two weeks old, no reduced mean counts of leucocytes or granulocytes were found in the group. No single case of neutropenia or granulocytopenia was found, and in particular the infants with infectious diseases presented none of these symptoms.

Since the study shows that neonatal neutropenia with severe infectious disease does not usually develop in cases with materno‐foetal leucocyte incompatibility, the authors suggest that the cases of neonatal neutropenia associated with maternal leucocyte antibody reported in the literature might be accounted for by a coincidence of the two phenomena.

Furthermore, the results of the leucocyte‐immunological investigations performed are discussed, particularly with a view to the relationship between the leucocyte antibody conditions in the mother and her offspring.

This study was supported by grants from The Danish State Research Foundation (Statens almindelige Videnskabsfond) and The Foundation in Aid of Medical Science (Fonden til Lægevidenskabens Fremme).
The Effect of Heparin on Fibrinolytic Activators and Plasmin*
Authors: Nilsson Inga Marie , Bielawiec Michal , Björkman Sven Erik
Published: August 2010

Heparin was found to have an inhibiting effect on various fibrinolytic activators by themselves, namely on urokinase, pig heart activator, stable tissue activators contained in prostatic extracts and myoma extracts, and on the labile bone marrow activator. The inhibiting effect of heparin monosulphuric acid was equal to that of heparin.

Heparin was also found to inhibit the fibrinolytic activity in urokinase‐ and streptokinase‐activated human plasma and the activator activity which develops in plasma after injection of nicotinic acid and after application of venous stasis.

Inhibition of fibrinolytic activators required by themselves large amounts of heparin (10–1000 units per ml). In the presence of plasma even low concentrations of heparin (0.5 to 2.5 units per ml) caused some inhibition. In none of the concentrations tested could any enhancing effect of heparin on fibrinolysis be noted.

Heparin had no effect on plasmin activity when plasmin was mixed with heparin alone or when heparin was added to plasma with plasmin activity.

With heparinized blood it was found necessary to add a larger amount of thrombin in the determination of the euglobulin clot lysis time if false short times were to be avoided.

The clinical significance of the antifibrinolytic effect of heparin is discussed.
Several Cell‐Lines with Abnormal Karyotypes in a Patient with Chronic Myelogenous Leukaemia
Authors: Pedersen Bent , Videbæk Aage
Published: August 2010

Chromosome analysis of blood culture and bone marrow mitoses from a patient with chronic myeologenous leukaemia revealed a Ph1‐positive cell‐line with 45 chromosomes and, later, a series of mutually related lines with 50–53 chromosomes including Ph1. The cell‐line with 45 chromosomes was sensitive to therapy, whereas the cells with 50–53 chromosomes seemed to be more or less resistant to the applied drugs. This apparent resistance suggests that these lines may have contributed to the haematologically and clinically poor condition of the patient at the time of their observation. The close relationship among the hyperdiploid cell lines suggests a common origin and gradual evolution of the lines on a selectional basis.
Quantitation of the Group Specific Component (Gc) of Human Serum by Single Diffusion in Agar Gel
Authors: Reinskou T.
Published: August 2010

Oudin's single diffusion method in agar gel has been applied to quantitate the group specific component in human sera. The method is highly reproducible in double tests of the same serum specimens, and its sensitivity measured in series of serum protein dilutions has been found to be satisfactory.

By the method presented, the Gc concentrations have only been determined in relative values.

The concentration of the group specific component has been measured in the serum from each of 50 healthy adults. The values varied between 80 and 140 per cent of the chosen standard.

The present method may be of help in attempts to solve the question of the biological function of the group specific component.
The Influence of Dietary Fats on the Adenosine Diphosphate Induced Platelet Thrombosis in the Rat
Authors: Nordöy A. , Chandler A. B.
Published: August 2010

A thrombotic state, elicited by adenosine diphosphate, was induced in the rat by dietary saturated fats and cholesterol, and was intensified by propylthiouracil.

ADP‐induced platelet thrombosis occurred without evidence of prior vascular disease, and the diets alone did not induce thrombosis.

Unsaturated fat (linseed oil) in the amounts used, did not significantly affect the incidence of thrombosis.

The mortality to ADP was reduced in all female animals supplemented by linseed oil in the diet.

The LD50of ADP given intravenously to male rats was found to be 16.6 mg per 100 g body weight.
The Inhibitory Effect of Large Concentrations of Streptokinase as Related to Proteolytic Activity and Proactivator Function of Human Euglobulin
Authors: Helle I. , Theodor I.
Published: August 2010

The inhibitory effect of large concentrations of SK on clot lysis and fibrinogenolysis has been studied, giving the following results: 1) Inhibitory concentrations of SK are related to the amount of human euglobulin fraction (HEF) present. A stoichiometric relationship between SK and HEF seems to exist. 2) The inhibitory effect of SK‐HEF can be prevented by addition of bovine euglobulin fraction (BEF). 3) In order to obtain maximum activation of bovine plasminogen and minimum activation of human plasminogen (i.e. sensitive assay system for “proactivator”) inhibitory concentrations of SK are necessary. In addition, the content of “proactivator” must be low as compared with that of bovine plasminogen, to avoid human plasmin effect.
Studies in Drug‐Induced Megaloblastic Anaemia
Authors: Chanarin I.
Published: August 2010

The sequence of events in the production of megaloblastic anaemia following the administration of the drug pyrimethamine has been studied. An increase in the proportion of hypersegmented neutrophil polymorphs was found to be the most sensitive index of folic acid status. Abnormal values for urinary formiminoglutamic acid excretion and serum L. casei activity were found but these values returned to within the normal range when the dose of the antagonist was increased. The development of megaloblastic haemopoiesis was associated with a marked fall in the serum vitamin B12 level and a rise in the serum iron level.
Influence of Animal Tissue Mucopolysaccharides on Transplantable Myelocytic Leukaemia in Rats
Authors: Wasastjerna Curt , Kiviniemi Kyllikki , Teir Harald
Published: August 2010

Young rats, inoculated with myelocytic chloroleukaemia, were treated with mucopolysaccharide (MPS) concentrates and fractions of animal tissue homogenates. Many groups of treated rats survived significantly longer than the controls. Fractions of bovine liver MPS gave the best results. The most active of these was prepared by absorption of the crude concentrate to Ecteola cellulose, and elution with 2 M NaCl‐HCl solution. However, some failures were noted with similar fractions, probably attributable to the development of varying degrees of resistance. The results were more consistently positive if the treatment was begun 12 days after transplantation than in treatment experiments begun 1–3 days after the inoculation.

Aided by grants from the Sigrid Jusélius Foundation, Helsinki, and the Damon Runyon Memorial Fund, New York (DRG, 644, 788).
Demonstration of Fibrinolytic Split Products in Human Serum by an Immunological Method in Spontaneous and Induced Fibrinolytic States
Authors: Niléhn Jan‐Erik , Nilsson Inga Marie
Published: August 2010

Comparative immunoelectrophoresis – combining immunoelectrophoresis and diffusion in gel – with antiserum obtained by immunizing rabbits by split products isolated from human fibrinogen digested by a pure plasmin preparation proved useful for demonstrating even traces of degraded fibrinogen or fibrin in human serum.

The method was found to be reliable and sensitive and to give positive results in samples even when fibrinogen was decreased by only 0.01 g per 100 ml or less.

Split products were demonstrated in 58 of 68 individuals in whom fibrinolysis was induced by i.v. injection of nicotinic acid, pyrexal and streptokinase or by electroshock therapy or by venous stasis.

The turnover rate of split products varied between 20 minutes and 72 hours depending on the amount of fibrinogen and/or fibrin broken down.

The spontaneous occurrence of split products was studied. Split products were noted in 5 of 28 controls and in 20 of 73 patients with various diseases (acute myocardial infarction, leukaemia and different liver disorders).

Good agreement was usually found between the occurrence of split products and of fibrinolysis demonstrated by the fibrin plate method and the euglobulin clot lysis time.

The method is clinically useful and supplements other fibrinolytic assay methods.
Improvement of Methods of Differential Haemolysis by Haemoglobinometry
Authors: Mayer Klaus , D'Amaro Joseph
Published: August 2010

The standard method of measuring red blood cell survival has been adopted to measure the haemoglobin of the supernatant haemolysate or of the unhaemolysed residual cells. Since haemoglobin determination is per se simpler and more precise than red cell counting, this technique was utilized. We have shown that this approach is practical, requires small quantities of blood and yields reliable and meaningful data with a minimum of equipment and effort.

Above all, with this modification, we can do without the skilled technician, who alone is able to count free red cells in a morass of agglutinates.
The Binding of Vitamin B12 Added in Vitro and in Vivo to Normal Human Serum Proteins Separated on Ion Exchange Cellulose
Authors: Gabuzda Thomas G. , Worm‐Petersen Jørgen , Lous Per
Published: August 2010

The binding of vitamin B12 (as cyanocobalamin) added to human serum in vitro and in vivo was studied in three normal subjects. Chromatographic separation on DEAE cellulose demonstrated that added vitamin B12 was bound to a limited degree chiefly to a protein distinct from that to which native vitamin B12 is complexed
Epsilon Amino Caproic Acid Therapy as a Cause of Intrarenal Obstruction in Haematuria of Haemophiliacs
Authors: Stark Stanley N. , White James G. , Langer Leonard , Krivit William
Published: August 2010

1. Three patients with classic haemophilia presented with a similar intrarenal obstructive pattern. Two of the patients had been treated for idiopathic haematuria. The third patient developed the renal obstructive problem in his post‐operative period.

2. The pyelography studies implicate an intrarenal unilateral obstructive mechanism in each patient as cause for abnormality. Intratubular fibrin deposition is suggested as a possibility.

3. E‐ACA was being used as a therapeutic endeavor in all these patients and was discontinued just prior to the development of symptoms. The evidence presented suggests that the intrarenal obstruction may be secondary to E‐ACA therapy rather than a complication of the bleeding disease.
The Influence of Hypercephalinaemia on the Adenosine Diphosphate Induced Thrombosis in the Rat
Authors: Nordöy A. , Chandler A. B.
Published: August 2010

1. The influence of intravenously and intraperitoneally administered cephalin on ADP‐induced thrombosis in the rats was studied. 2. Hypercephalinaemia induced by simultaneous administration of cephalin with the ADP caused a significant increase in thrombosis. 3. The mode of action of phospholipids is discussed and it is concluded that phospholipids can act in thrombosis during the first stage of platelet adhesion.
Folic Acid Metabolism of Human Marrow Cells
Authors: Williams J. R. B.
Published: August 2010

A method of in vitro culture of marrow cells with tritiated folic acid is described. Megaloblastic marrow cultures were converted to normoblastic after 18 hours incubation, either with or without additional folic acid. About one per cent of nucleated cells took up the tritium label, either as folic acid or as metabolites. The eosinophil series were labelled more heavily and more frequently than neutrophils. The significance of the results in terms of the metabolism of folic acid is discussed.
Haemophilia A in Samojed Dog
Authors: Stormorken H. , Egeberg O. , Austad R.
Published: August 2010

A case of haemophilia A (Factor VIII deficiency) in a family of Samojed dogs is described. The Factor VIII activity was about 3 per cent of normal dog level. The dog died from a haematoma in the mediastinum. No other bleeders were recorded in its family.
A Method for Simultaneous Determination of Iron Absorption, Plasma Volume, and Plasma Iron Turnover in Man
Authors: Hallberg Leif , Sölvell Lennart
Published: August 2010

A method of using Fe55and Fe59for simultaneous determination of iron absorption, plasma volume, and plasma iron turnover in man is described.

The validity of the method was tested and examples of the practical application was given in two subjects with iron deficiency anaemia before and after oral iron therapy.
Reversible Agglutination of Trypsinised Red Cells by Normal Human Sera Identification of the Agglutinating Factor as a γM‐Globulin
Authors: Mellbye O. J.
Published: August 2010

By density gradient ultracentrifugation and preparative zone electrophoresis, the normal serum factor causing reversible agglutination of trypsinised red cells behaved as a γM‐globulin. After splitting of disulphide bonds by 2‐mercapto‐aethanol, the agglutinating activity was lost. Addition of a specific anti‐γM‐globulin antiserum to normal human sera reduced the agglutinating activity. It was concluded that the agglutinating factor is a γM‐globulin.
The Plasma Cells of the Bone Marrow in Myelomatosis Treated with Alkeran® (Melphalan)
Authors: Axelsson Uno
Published: August 2010

The cytological appearance of the bone marrow was studied during Alkeran treatment of 46 patients with myelomatosis. The plasma cell count had decreased in 39 per cent, it remained unchanged in 48 per cent and was increased in 13 per cent. The plasma cell count seems to be of little value in the appraisal of the effect of treatment, especially compared with that of the concentration of the M component.

The only qualitative change seen was a disappearance of the nucleoli from the plasma cells in 4 cases.
Drug‐Induced Malabsorption of Vitamin B12 III. Interference of PAS and Folic Acid in the Absorption of Vitamin B12
Authors: Palva I. P. , Heinivaara O. , Mattila M.
Published: August 2010

In 22 patients with lowered Schilling test values during treatment with PAS a new Schilling test was performed with folic acid (FA) as additive. In the 9 patients with original Schilling test values of less than 5 per cent the mean value rose from 3.7 to 7.2 per cent when FA was added. In the 13 patients with values of 5 to 9 per cent the mean excretion rose from 6.9 to 10.7 per cent. In 18 patients suffering from B12 malabsorption for other reasons than PAS‐treatment the addition of FA failed to improve the Schilling test values. A competitive inhibition of FA is believed to be an important reason for PAS‐induced malabsorption of vitamin B12. It is further concluded that FA may play a role in the transport mechanism of B12 through the intestinal wall.
Vitamin E Deficiency in The Monkey X. Protoporphyrin and Haeme Synthesis by Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow
Authors: Porter F. Stanley , Fitch Coy D.
Published: August 2010

In vitro studies of porphyrin and haeme synthesis by bone marrow cells from vitamin E‐deficient monkeys indicate that vitamin E is required for the normal synthesis of these compounds. The defect in porphyrin synthesis apparently results from abnormal delta‐aminolaevulinic acid synthesis. This defect was not found in the reticulocytes of peripheral blood. The administration of vitamin E corrected the abnormality in porphyrin synthesis, but the addition of vitamin E in vitro did not. Coenzyme Q10 administration also resulted in increased porphyrin synthesis by the bone marrow cells of vitamin E‐deficient monkeys.
Mechanism of Action of Deferoxaminum on Iron Absorption
Authors: Balcerzak Stanley P. , Jensen Wallace N. , POllack Simeon
Published: August 2010

In confirmation of previous work oral administration of an iron‐chelating substance, deferoxaminum (DFO), was found to reduce absorption of inorganic but not haemoglobin iron. Retention of ionic iron was impaired whether the iron and DFO were mixed initially in a flask, in the stomach or in the small intestine. Oral DFO principally prevented the transfer of iron from gut lumen to plasma. Nevertheless, a small amount of iron was transferred to the plasma even in the face of a great excess of DFO. A portion of this absorbed iron was excreted in the urine together with DFO. Whether DFO combined with this absorbed iron before or after transfer to the plasma could not be determined. Intravenous DFO, however, was shown to chelate ionic iron in the presence of transferrin. Once iron was bound to transferrin, DFO could not remove it in vivo.
Long‐Term Observation of Gastrectomized Rats with Regard to Development of Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Authors: Nygaard Knut , Killander Andreas , Myhre Erik , Helsingen Nils
Published: August 2010

The glandular portion of the stomach was removed in rats. The animals were given an excess of iron orally, and survived for 16–26 months in a good nutritional condition. Despite of impaired ability to absorb radioactive vitamin B12 and reduced levels of vitamin B12 in the serum and liver, the animals did not develop megaloblastic anaemia.

Possible reasons for the absence of anaemia are discussed. The vitamin B12 activity was more reduced in the liver than in the serum, suggesting that the liver depots were mobilized to maintain the serum level. The folic acid activity in the liver was not significantly reduced following the operation.
Heredity of Combined Deficiency of AHG and Proaccelerin
Authors: Gobbi Franco
Published: August 2010

Antihaemophilic globulin and proaccelerin deficiencies coexisting in the same person have so far been thought to depend on a single recessive autosomal gene in the homozygous state.

The study of two siblings (a female and a male) afflicted by antihaemophilic globulin and proaccelerin deficiency, the assay of the two factors in several members of their family, and a pedigree analysis, seem to lead to the conclusion that the two defects are inherited separately, with completely different patterns. Proaccelerin deficiency is inherited according to an autosomal incompletely dominant type of heredity, while antihaemophilic globulin deficiency is due to a recessive sex‐linked mutant gene.

Genie interaction, inversion of the dominance or inactivation of the normal X‐chromosome in a carrier are the possible explanations for the severe antihaemophilic globulin deficiency in the proposita.
Erythrocyte Catalase Activity in Thalassaemia
Authors: BALCERZAK STANLEY P. , JENSEN WALLACE N.
Published: August 2010

Increased erythrocyte catalase activity per gram haemoglobin or per milliliter red cells was found in all 32 patients with thalassaemia minor, and in 2 of 7 patients with thalassaemia major. The trait was associated with increased catalase activity even when combined with a qualitatively abnormal haemoglobin, sickle haemoglobin. Sickle cell disease and a wide variety of other haematologic conditions were not associated with increased enzyme activity. Exceptions were found in one patient with sideroblastic anaemia and his daughter, both of whom had increased catalase activity. Four other patients with sideroblastic anaemia had normal activity.

This evidence suggests that increased erythrocyte catalase activity may be used to identify the thalassaemia trait. The findings add a new point of similarity between thalassaemia and certain types of sideroblastic anaemia and provide indirect evidence that impaired haeme synthesis is not the primary defect in thalassaemia.
Light Chain Types of Transiently Occurring Cold Haemagglutinins
Authors: HARBOE MORTEN , LIND KLAUS
Published: August 2010

In the chronic cold haemagglutinin syndrome, the isolated cold haemagglutinins are usually electrophoretically homogeneous and appear to be ‘monoclonal’ γM‐globulins. Only α chains have been found in gel diffusion tests on 87 isolated ‘monoclonal’ cold haemagglutinins.

Cold haemagglutinins developing during pneumonia were found to behave differently. They were electrophoretically heterogeneous and contained both α and λ chains in four of nine cases.
Reversible Agglutination of Trypsinised Red Cells by a M‐Globulin Synthesized by the Human Foetus
Authors: MELLBYE O. J.
Published: August 2010

Normal human cord sera contained a γM‐globulin causing reversible agglutination of trypsinised compatible red cells. The agglutinating titre of cord serum never exceeded that of the corresponding maternal serum, but the ratio of the concentration in cord serum to that in maternal serum was higher for this agglutinin than for another γM‐antibody and for total γM‐globulin. It is concluded that the agglutinin was synthesized by the normal human foetus.
Gelation of Soluble Fibrin in Plasma by Ethanol
Authors: GODAL H. C. , ABILDGAARD U.
Published: August 2010

At room temperature, the thrombin time of plasma is markedly shortened by ethanol. This effect is restricted to the polymerisation phase. In contrast to other fibrinoplastic substances, such as dextran or calcium, ethanol causes rapid end‐to‐end aggregation of fibrin, producing translucent gels. Such gels are obtained with fibrin concentrations, otherwise soluble in plasma. Gelation by ethanol seems to be specific for fibrin and is favourized by a high fibrinogen concentration, whereas fibrinoplastic substances exert the opposite effect. The presented data indicate that the ‘ethanol test’ might be used for detection of soluble fibrin in circulating blood.
Lymphocyte Number and Response to Phytohaemagglutinin in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia
Authors: SHARMAN CHRISTINE , CROSSEN P. E. , FITZGERALD P. H.
Published: August 2010

The mitotic index and uptake of tritiated thymidine after 3 days culture with phytohaemagglutinin was markedly lower in lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia than in lymphocytes from normal persons. The number of lymphocytes in leukaemic blood showed a strong negative correlation with the percentage of tritium labelled cells in culture, and a similar but nonsignificant correlation with the mitotic index. The reduced response of leukaemic cells was not due to cell damage caused by treatment.
Inhibition of Red Cell Aggregation by TAME
Authors: GODAL H. C. , NORSETH T.
Published: August 2010

TAME prevents aggregation of red blood cells. The effect is immediate, reversible and does apparently not depend upon any plasmatic factor. In the presence of TAME, spherocytosis, thorny crenations and slight haemolysis take place, indicating interference with surface properties.
A Group of Patients with Impaired Plasma Fibrinolytic System and Selective Inhibition of Tissue Activator‐Induced Fibrinolysis
Authors: BRAKMAN PIETER , MOHLER EMILE R. , ASTRUP TAGE
Published: August 2010

Four patients are described with a decreased activity of their blood fibrinolytic system, and exhibiting a selective increase in inhibition of tissue plasminogen activator.
Methylmalonic Acid Excretion and Serum Vitamin B12
Authors: HOLMBERG C. G. , JÖNEMAR B. , NORDÉN A. , STHLBERG K.‐G. , TRYDING N.
Published: August 2010

Urinary methylmalonic acid excretion in 12 healthy persons ranged between 0.6 and 4.7 mg per 24 hours; in 10 patients with serum vitamin B12 at or above 70 pg/ml, less than 5 mg of methylmalonic acid was excreted per 24 hours. In a group of 21 patients with serum vitamin B12 below 70 pg/ml, 18 excreted more than 7 mg per 24 hours (7.8–660 mg).
Separation of Lymphocyte‐Stimulating and Agglutinating Activities in Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) from Phaseolus Vulgaris
Authors: Weber Theodor , Nordman Clas T. , Gräsbeck Ralph
Published: August 2010

A method for the fractionation of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) extracted from Phaseolus vulgaris by chromatography on SE‐Sephadex C‐50 is described. The two lymphocyte‐stimulating substances obtained differ from each other in their chromatographic properties and their ability to agglutinate human blood cells. The procedure offers a simple method for the separation of lymphocyte‐stimulating and agglutinating substances in PHA.
Studies on the Macroglobulins of Human Serum IV: The Frequency of Light Chain Types K and L in Polyclonal and Monoclonal γM.
Authors: Wollheim Frank A. , Snigurowicz Jaroslaw
Published: August 2010

125 M‐components of class γM in 123 sera have been typed with regard to light chain determinants K and L. The typing of most sera required initial isolation of 19 S‐fractions by thin layer gel filtration. 100 components were typed kappa and 25 lambda, giving a ratio of 4 to 1. Polyclonal γM from young adults contained kappa and lambda determinants in the ratio of 2 to 1. Possible explanations for this discrepancy are discussed.
Reversible Agglutination of Trypsinised Red Cells by Normal Human Sera
Authors: Mellbye Ove J.
Published: August 2010

The agglutination of trypsinised red cells by normal sera is reversed by a factor which is dialysable, thermostable, and present in normal human sera and urines. Among a series of substances with these properties, only histidine had reversing effect. Addition of histidine to dialysed serum restored the reversing ability. Like the reversor in serum, histidine did not affect the agglutination of cells modified by agents other than trypsin. It is concluded that the reversor in normal serum is identical with histidine. However, since the effect of histidine alone was somewhat weaker than that of normal serum, its effect may partly depend on additional unidentified serum factors.
β‐Thalassaemia Minor in Two Swedish Families
Authors: Persson Sigvard , Samuelson Gösta , Sjölin Stig , Wallenius Gunnar
Published: August 2010

In two ‘aboriginal’ Swedish families twenty‐one members out of 82 investigated presented unequivocal signs of β–thalassaemia minor. The diagnostic significance of different characteristic haematological signs is discussed, and it is concluded that an increased Hb A2 concentration is the most discriminative criterion.
Cyclic Thrombocytopenia of Acute Type
Authors: Wasastjerna C.
Published: August 2010

This is a case report on a male technician, 37 years of age, who experienced 5 acute episodes of severe thrombocytopenia, which occurred regularly every 21st day. The bleeding episodes usually lasted 12 days, and the remissions 9 days. Treatment with corticosteroids and splenectomy had no influence upon the course of the disease. The bleeding became worse at every episode, and the patient died during the last relapse. The platelet counts were high between the thrombocytopenic episodes, and higher at every remission.
Post‐Capillary Venules as Basic Structural Units in the Development of Lymphoglandular Tissue
Authors: Söderström Nils
Published: August 2010

Observations with light microscopy in thin sections of lymph nodes from white rats and white mice indicate that the structure of mature lymphoglandular parenchyma is largely the result of the actvity of specific post‐capillary venules (High Endothelium venules) as formative units. It seems possible that even the reaction centers of secondary follicles may develop from such venules by massive proliferation of their high endothelium cells.
The Effect of Anticoagulants on the in vitro Binding Capacity of Serum and Plasma for Cobalamins
Authors: Kennedy Elizabeth H. , Adams J. F.
Published: August 2010

The effect of various anticoagulants on the estimation of in vitro unsaturated binding capacity for cobalamin was studied. Heparin caused a significant increase in the cyanocobalamin and hydroxocobalamin bound but other anticoagulants did not.
The Influence of Dietary Fats on Plasma and Platelet Lipids and ADP Induced Platelet Thrombosis in the Rat
Authors: Nordöy Arne , Hamlin James T. , Chandler Arthur B. , Newland Hillery
Published: August 2010

The relationship between the type and quantity of dietary fat and the incidence of adenosine diphosphate induced platelet thrombosis was studied in rats fed a 10 per cent and 40 per cent saturated fat diet, a 40 per cent fat diet including 8 per cent cottonseed oil and a 40 per cent fat diet including 8 per cent linseed oil. The diets were given for 24 hours or 5 to 6 weeks. Platelet thrombosis was induced in pulmonary capillaries, arterioles, and small arteries by the intravenous injection of ADP. No significant difference in the incidence of thrombosis was observed following a 24 hour feeding period. After a 5 to 6 weeks feeding period, animals given a 40 per cent saturated fat diet had a higher incidence of thrombosis than animals given a 10 per cent saturated fat diet. When the 40 per cent fat diet included cottonseed oil, the incidence of thrombosis due to a low dose of ADP was reduced. When linseed oil was included in the diet, the incidence of thrombosis was reduced when both a low and a high dose of ADP was given. Significant changes occurred in the fatty acid pattern of the plasma and platelet phospholipids in animals fed the diets for 5 to 6 weeks. The diets induced small changes in the quantity of the main plasma lipid fractions.
Antibody to Transcobalamin II in Patients Treated with Long Acting Vitamin B12 Preparations
Authors: Olesen H. , Hom B. L. , Schwartz M.
Published: August 2010

57Co‐labelled vitamin B12 bound to transcobalamin I, transcobalamin II or non‐protein bound, has been mixed with serum from patients with pernicious anaemia treated with long acting vitmain B12 preparations. By paper electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis and Sephadex G‐200 gel filtration, an antibody of the γG‐globulin type reacting with transcobalamin II was demonstrated. By immunoelectrophoresis the antibody was demonstrated in 8 of 19 patients. Gel filtration experiments showed that the affinity of the antibody to TC II is very sensitive to changes in pH, ionic strength and temperature.
Obstetric Defibrination Syndrome with Abnormal Thrombin‐Fibrinogen Reaction and Immunologically Reactive Altered Fibrinogen in Serum
Authors: Bloom A. L. , Boyns A. R. , Wingfield J. G.
Published: August 2010

The clinical and laboratory features of a patient with the obstetric defibrination syndrome are described. The abnormal bleeding responded to fibrinogen therapy and epsilon‐aminocaproic acid was not used. The patient's plasma contained little fibrinogen capable of clotting without protamine and it inhibited the thrombin clotting time of normal plasma. Increased fibrinolysis was not observed. Serum obtained from the plasma after addition of protamine and concentrated thrombin contained a substance which reacted with an anti‐fibrin serum when tested by an immunoelectrophoretic technique. The results confirmed that ‘altered’ incoagulable fibrinogen determinants were present in the patient's blood which may have interfered with the thrombin‐fibrinogen reaction. It is suggested that these changes may be due to intravascular coagulation and not only to fibrinogenolysis. Similar but less severe coagulation changes were observed in the infant's cord blood.
The Vitamin B12 Binding Capacity of Transcobalamin I and II of Normal Human Serum
Authors: Hom B. L. , Ahluwalia B. K.
Published: August 2010

The unsaturated serum vitamin B12 binding capacity (UB12BC) of transcobalamin O, I and II (TC O, I and II) of 50 normal subjects was determined by gel filtration on Sephadex G‐200. TC O bound from 0 to 76 pg. per ml. of serum, accounting for up to 5.2 per cent of the UB12BC, while TC I bound from 72 to 1057 pg. per ml., or up to 47.1 per cent of the UB12BC. TC II bound from 650 to 1891 pg. per ml., accounting for up to 90.3 per cent of the UB12BC.

There was a significant positive correlation between the binding capacity of TC I and of TC II when each was compared with the total unsaturated B12 binding capacity. A positive correlation therefore existed between the binding capacity of TC I and that of TC II.

TC O, I and II were the only binders of added B12 over a range from 75 to 20,760 pg. per ml. of serum. The relative amount of B12 bound to TC I and to TC II remained fairly constant in an individual serum regardless of the amount of B12 added.