bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on Probiotic Properties of Goat Milk Kefir
Authors: Radiati L E , Hati D L , Fardiaz D , Sari L R H
Published: June 2022

Goat milk kefir is a fermented milk product with kefir grain, as a probiotic agent and contains bioactive compounds. Kefir grains consist of bacteria and yeast. One of these yeasts are Saccharomyces cerevisiae, its role in the kefir system can be enhanced by restructure of kefir grain with increased Saccharomyces cerevisiae population. The objectives of this research were to analysis effect of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae concentration levels on kefir, as antibacterial against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi. Klebsiella pneumoniae, antioxidant activity, β-galactosidase synthesis. The research method was true experiment by Completely Randomized Design consist of 5 kind Saccharomyces cerevisiae concentration levels (S0: control; S1: 0.10%; S2: 0,25%; S3: 0.5% and S4: 1.0% v/w) of kefir grain. The results showed that kefir inhibited Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae, able to produce β-galactosidase and antioxidant activity. Kefir is relevant as food functional development.
The role of philanthropy in reducing impact of disaster on economies of ASEAN-9
Authors: Majid M S A , Nurdin R , Azhar T , Sartiyah S
Published: June 2022

This study aims to determine the mediating effect of economic growth on the relationship between disaster and unemployment in the ASEAN-9 economies during the 2000-2020 period. It also attempts to examine the moderating role of religious philanthropy in reducing the impacts of disasters on economic growth and unemployment in the ASEAN-9. By using a combination of path analysis and panel moderated regression model, the study found that disasters have adversely affected economic growth and caused an increase in the employment rate. In addition, philanthropy is found to have a negative moderating role in the effects of disaster on economic growth and unemployment. The findings showed a significant role of philanthropy in reducing the impacts of disasters on economic growth and unemployment in ASEAN-9. Our findings provide an important benchmark for the formulation of government policies to mitigate disaster risks on economic problems through the enhancement of religious philanthropic institutions.
Community based ecotourism management to strengthen environmental ethics and supports sustainable development in Pelalawan district, Indonesia
Authors: Nawari  , Thamrin  , Nofrizal  , Syahza Almasdi , Muhammad Juandi , Islami Nur
Published: June 2022

Pelalawan District has several natural attractiveness and indigenous knowledge potentially to be developed as ecotourism. The community-based ecotourism management (CBEM) by utilize indigenous knowledge as a part of tourist attractions is one of ways to improve environmental ethics and achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs). This paper was prepared to examine the potential of indigenous CBEM in Pelalawan District. Secondary data was used compiled from relevant literatures of previous research or provided by authorized agency. The data analysis method carryout by comparative descriptive interpretative qualitative analysis. It identified the gaps between the existing condition of CBEM versus standards. A conceptual framework and CBEM strategy were arranged to eliminate current management gaps. The analysis result shows that current indigenous CBEM yet optimal. It shows by the lack of management dimension aspect, includes: tenurial license, local ecotourism norm, land use planning, marketing, supporting regulation, environmental education, management capacity, infrastructures development, and business incentives. The strategies to eliminates CBEM gaps, as follows: (1) Integrated planning; (2) Feasibility analysis of village own enterprise (BMUDes); (3) Capacity development of staffs and community; (4) Enhances marketing system; (5) Accountability of management; (6) Integrated environmental education curriculum; (7) Continuous improvement; and (8) Supporting regulation. The research result was recommended as one of references for policy makers to develop indigenous CBEM planning for strengthen environmental ethics and SDGs achievement as integrated manner. Authors recommend to future researchers would be expanded the scopes of the literatures and collect primary data for its accuracy improvements.
Community forestry for environmental sustainability and ecotourism: the context and problems in Indonesia
Authors: Sulistiowati R , Wahyuni S , Yunanto M K , Elsera M , Yudiatmaja W E , Samnuzulsari T
Published: June 2022

Social forestry is one of the programs delivered by the Indonesian government to distribute forest ownership to society. The program consisted of village forest, customary forest, community forest, a people forest plantation, and partnership for forestry. This study merely focused on the community forest in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to analyze the context and problems during the implementation process of permit delivery for community forests in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A qualitative method was used in this research to understand the case of community forests in the study site. Data were collected using an interview, non-participant observation, and secondary document. We find that many groups of farmers have not received the permit for forestry management because of regulatory constraints. The problems are induced by many policies in the forestry sector regulating various forms of forest management permits contradicting the principle of the decentralized forest management policy. We recommend to the government to simplify the process of forest permit management, especially for the community forest.
Study on the commitment of oil palm companies to achieve sustainable agriculture in Riau Province from the perspective of pesticide use
Authors: Syafrani S , Purnama I , Mutamima A , Dewi W N
Published: June 2022

Oil palm has become the main plantation commodity in Riau Province, Indonesia. As the province with the largest oil palm plantation at around 2.7 million hectares, Riau Province has 19% of Indonesia’s total oil palm plantation area. In the midst of environmental issues such as forest fires or using hazardous chemicals, companies or individuals who own oil palm plantations are trying to obtain sustainability certification from the Roundtable of Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO). However, many companies have not obeyed the correct principles and criteria for sustainable palm oil production, especially in the perspective of using pesticides in oil palm plantations. Based on those problems, this study was to carry out an in-depth examination of the data available from the Plantation Office and Environment-Forestry Office of Riau Province. As a result, we discovered that 70% of the pesticides used were classified as hazardous pesticides, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition, it was also found that oil palm companies used glyphosate and paraquat as the active ingredient in pesticides, which have been banned in many countries due to environmental issues. By this finding, the commitment of oil palm companies to achieve sustainable agriculture in using appropriate and environmentally friendly pesticides needs to be questioned‥
Environment Conservation Responsibility in Community Development
Authors: Sutisna N , Herdiansyah H , Sanjatmiko P
Published: June 2022

Business sustainability is a synergy of three pillars, namely; economic, social and environmental. Implementation is reflected in the performance of corporate social responsibility, so that CSR programs that have been characterized of being reactionary and charitable can be transformed into community development activities that encourage participatory planning with the community by providing program assistance for sustainability. This study aims to analyze and describe the extent of business sustainability through the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs that transform caricature programs into community development programs by oil and gas companies in Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative approach and is carried out with descriptive analysis methods using literature study of secondary data in the form of documents based on relevant references. The results of this study provided a CSR model with community development through mentoring and capacity building as a form of transformation from charity programs while encouraging sustainable business practices. This study is expected to be able to contribute to sustainability studies, particularly in the context of corporations with CSR models in the extractive industry.
Swot analysis of utilization of palm oil mill effluent to improve soil quality and crop productivity (case study at PT X, Lampung, Indonesia)
Authors: Febriana Dela , Madusari Sylvia , Sari Vira Irma
Published: June 2022

Crude Palm Oil (CPO) manufacturing in palm oil processing plants produces by- products known as palm oil mill effluent (POME). POME can improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil because it contains nutrients N, P, K, Mg, and Ca. One of the companies that have processed and utilized POME is PT X, Lampung Province, Indonesia. This study was conducted to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of the effect of using POME on oil palm plantations for waste quality, physical soil conditions, soil chemical conditions and productivity of oil palm plants. The methodology of the research was using descriptive statistical methods of the secondary data and SWOT analysis. The results showed that the palm oil effluent applied in the PT X complied with the national quality utilization and waste management standards. The POME application has a beneficial effect on soil conditions. The involved area had higher pH, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg than control, but C- Organic and CEC in the application area were lower. Furthermore, the application of palm oil effluent tends to increase crop productivity in a range of 7.57 - 63.23%. The primary strategy obtained from the SWOT analysis is that it is necessary to conduct an intensive assessment and to implement appropriate and proper management and application. This recommended strategy is to get the value of the application of palm oil liquid waste suitable for a long-term sustainable waste application for soil and plants to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil optimally.
Identification of land use and land cover using the image Landsat 8 in upstream Lematang sub-watershed by support vector machine and random trees methods
Authors: Dinata A , Dhiniati F , Diansari L E
Published: June 2022

Accuracy of data and information on various types of land use and land cover (LULC) is crucial in watershed management planning. The development of remote sensing technology in predicting LULC has been widely used, such as the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Trees (RT) methods. Both methods are part of the model of machine learning and belong to the category of supervised learning. This method can predict, study, and recognize data patterns from the results of training data. The aim of this research is the use of SVM and RT methods for the identification of LULC. Based on the SVM method analysis results, the forest area is 211.61 km2, coffee plantations are 32.92 km2, shrubs are 16.85 km2, built-up/bare land is 3.40 km2, the water body is 3.17 km2, and cloud/shadow is 6.79 km2. While the RT method obtained a forest area of 215.51 km2, coffee plantations covering an area of 29.32 km2, shrubs are covering an area of 16.32 km2, built-up/bare land surrounding an area of 7.22 km2, water body covering an area of 2.62 km2, and cloud/shadow covering an area of 3.75 km2. Overall, the percentage accuracy of the SVM method of 87%, and the RT of 86%. The success rate of modeling SVM (AUC = 0.73) and RT (AUC = 0.75) based on the results of data validation using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was considered fair good.
Utilization of oil palm waste as animal feed for Bali cattle in Margomulyo Village, Central Bengkulu
Authors: Ramon E , Efendi Z , Kusnadi H , Yuliasari S , Ishak A , Wulandari WA
Published: June 2022

Oil palm is the leading plantation commodities in Bengkulu province which is able to increase original local government revenue. Besides producing palm oil, this plant also produces solid waste, fronds, and leaves. The purpose of this study was to determine the response of Bali cattle fed by oil palm waste. The research was conducted from August to November 2018 in Margo Mulyo village, Pondok Kubang subdistrict, Central Bengkulu regency, using 2 treatments (introduced and existing) with 13 replications. The composition of introduced feed is forage (70% field grass + 30% fermented fronds and palm leaves) + fermented solid as concentrate. Existing feed composition is field grass (forage) + rice bran (concentrate). Forage is given 10% and concentrate 1% of body weight. The parameters observed were body weight gain and Body Condition Score (BCS) and analyzed by T-test. The results showed a significant effect of treatment on body wight gain. The introduction treatment was able to produce body weight gain by 0.33 kg/head/day, while the existing treatment produce body weight gain of 0.17 kg/head/day only. BCS score of Bali cattle in both treatments not significantly different at the beginning was 2-3 and in the end 3-4, categorized in medium conditions.
Supplementing safflower oil (Carthamus Tinctori L) and inocytol in feed and its effect
Authors: Iriyanti Ning , Ismoyowati  , Rimbawanto Efka Aris , Albasheer Altayb Modawy Abdelgader
Published: June 2022

Investigating the effect of safflower oil (Carthamus tinctorius L) and inositol on the quality of Sentul chicken eggs. Eight one 16-week female Sentul chickens were distributed to 81 units of battery cage (3 chickens each). Basal diet was composed of corn, rice bran, soybean kernel, fishmeal, palm oil, calcium car-bonate (CaCO3), topmix, lysine and methionine, as well as safflower oil (Car-thamus tincthorius L) and inositol. The research was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 9 treatments and 3 replicates (3 chickens/unit). The treatments were R0 = Control/basal diet + 0% Safflower and 0% Inositol; R1 = Basal diet + 0.5% Safflower oil; R2 = Basal diet + 1.0% Safflower oil; R3 = Basal diet + Inositol 0.5%; R4 = Basal diet + Inositol 1.0%; R5 = Basal diet + 0.5 % Safflower oil + 0.5% Inositol; R6 = Basal diet + 0.5 % Safflower oil + 1.0% Inositol; R7 = Basal diet + 1.0 % Safflower oil + 0.5% Inositol; R8 = Basal diet + 1.0 % Safflower oil + 1.0% Inositol. The data were subjected to analysis of vari-ance (ANOVA), continued with an Honestly Significant Difference test (HSD) using SPSS ver. 17.0 with 5% error. The result showed that supplementing saf-flower oil (Carthamus tinctorius L) and inositol in feed did not significantly af-fect (P>0.05) egg weight, egg index, fat and cholesterol content of egg yolk, but significantly affected (P<0.05) egg yolk protein, and most significantly affected (P<0.01) egg production. Conclusively, supplementing 1% safflower oil in feed could increase egg production, but 1% safflower oil 1% + 0.5% 0.5% inositol could increase protein as well as decreasing fat and cholesterol of egg yolk.
Coconut oil effects on in vitro ruminal fermentation and methanogenesis
Authors: Cusiayuni A , Nurfatahillah RK , Evvyernie D , Jayanegara A , Wiryawan KG
Published: June 2022

Methane emission from ruminants can be mitigated with supplementation of medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) such as lauric acid that present in coconut oil. However, the effects of coconut oil supplementation on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane emission have been varied. This study was conducted to examine the effect of dietary coconut oil supplementation on rumen fermentation and methanogenesis by integrating data from various in vitro studies. A linear regression statistical model approach was applied to a total of 14 studies and 38 data points. The response variables integrated were methane emission, fermentation products, nutrient digestibility, and microbial population. The data obtained were analyzed by using IBM SPSS software version 20. The results showed that methane production was decreased significantly (P<0.01) by supplementation of coconut oil. Coconut oil tended to decrease methanogenic archaea, protozoa, total volatile fatty acids and isovalerate proportion (P<0.1). However, the oil supplementation did not significantly affect dry matter digestibility, total gas production, N-ammonia, acetate, isobutyrate, valerate, acetate to propionate ratio, population of rumen bacteria, organic matter digestibility, pH, propionate and butyrate. It can be concluded that coconut oil supplementation is able to mitigate methane emission by modifying microbial population structure and fermentation in the rumen.
The effect of safflower oil (Carthamus Tinctorius L.) and inositol supplementation on egg production
Authors: Ismoyowati  , Iriyanti N , Abdelgader M
Published: June 2022

The study aimed to examine the effect of safflower oil and inositol supplementation in a feed on egg production performance and feed conversion ratio of Sentul chickens. The research was conducted using experimental methods based on a completely randomized design (CRD). The materials used were 81 female Sentul chickens aged 16 weeks, which were divided into 9 groups of feed treatment, namely R0: control feed; R1: feed containing 0.5% safflower oil; R2: feed containing 1% safflower oil; R3: feed containing 0.5% inositol; R4: feed containing 1% inositol; R5: feed containing 0.5% safflower oil and 0.5% inositol; R6: feed containing 0.5% safflower oil and 1% inositol; R7: feed containing 1% safflower oil and 0.5% inositol; R8: feed containing 1% safflower oil and 1% inositol. The variables measured consisted of egg production, egg weight, egg mass and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Data were analyzed by analysis of variance. The results showed that the treatment had no significant effect (P <0.05) on all measured variables. The average number of eggs, egg weight, egg mass and FCR for 8 weeks of observation were: 66 ± 9 eggs; 37.31 ± 2.19 g; 16.44 ± 3.31 and 2.26 ± 0.37 The conclusion of this study was the supplementation of safflower oil and inositol with a concentration of 0.5% -1% in feed has not been able to improve the performance of egg production, and the feed efficiency of Sentul chickens.
Sunscreen Factor Formulation and Test of Gel Preparations of 70% Ethanol Extract on Arabica Coffee Leaf (Coffea arabica L.)
Authors: Fatmawati Sofia , Nugrahaeni Fitria , Nursal Fith Khaira , Fitriana Ana
Published: June 2022

Arabica coffee leaf extract (Coffea arabica L.) contains phenolic and flavonoid compounds that are potentially active as sunscreen because it might absorb UV (Ultra Violet) A and UV B rays. It is well-known that UV rays exposure causes a negative effect to skin, yet is possible to be avoided by applying sunscreen. This research aims to test the effect of arabica coffee leaf extract on formulation of gel preparations and to discover how its concentration affects the amount of gel preparations’ sunscreen factor. There were 4 formulas with different extract concentrations whose characteristics were tested chemically, physically, and they were tested to measure its SPF number. From this test, it was discovered that the gel was qualified and it was plastic thixotropic flow. The measurement of SPF number proposed that F1 could not be categorized as protector because it was only 0.6 while F2, F3, and F4 showed that these formulas could be categorized as minimum protector. The samples were also tested statistically by using One Way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test. The result of the ANOVA test showed the number of sig 0.000 < 0.05 which meant all four formulas were significantly different. The research concludes that the extract of arabica coffee leaf might affect the formulation of gel preparations and its extract concentration might affect SPF number on gel preparations.
Antioxidant Activity and Sun Protection Factor (SPF) Graded Extract of Katuk Leaves (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.)
Authors: Fatmawati Sofia , Ermi Hikmawanti Ni Putu , Fadillah Akbar , Putri Awlia Mustia
Published: June 2022

Katuk leaf (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) is believed to have medicinal properties, one of which is as an antioxidant. Its efficacy as an antioxidant cannot be separated from the phenolic and flavonoid compounds contained in katuk leaves. This study aims to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid levels as well as the antioxidant activity of graded extracts, namely n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 70% ethanol extract of katuk leaves. The results showed that the total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of each extract were significantly different. Antioxidant activity by the DPPH method was calculated at IC50 using quercetin as a comparison. The highest antioxidant potential was shown in the ethanol extract. Each extract has the potential as a sunscreen and ethanol extract provides the highest SPF value.
Anti-Inflamatory Activity of Water Extract of Talinum paniculatum. (Jact). Gaertn Leaves on Wistar Rat
Authors: Emelda A , Sukmawati  , Dongke A L , Marzuki I
Published: June 2022

Inflammation is the body’s protective response to tissue injury caused by harmful agents characterized by edema. Talinum paniculatum (jact.) Gaertn leaves contain secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, steroids, and tannins known to have anti-inflammatory effects. The research aimed to determine the effective dose of Talinum paniculatum (jact.) Gaertn leaves as anti-inflammatory against rats. This research was conducted using rats which were divided into 3 groups: control (prednisone), extract of Talinum paniculatum (jact.) Gaertn leaves at doses of 1 g/kgbw and 2 g/kgbw. The width and thickness of the edema were measured for 5 hours using a caliper to calculate the total AUC value. Then it was analyzed statistically using Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney test. The results of statistical analysis showed that the group at the dose of 2 g/kgbw had an anti-inflammatory effect not significantly different from the control group. It was concluded that the water extract of Talinum paniculatum (jact.) Gaertn leaves had anti-inflammatory activity at the effective dose of 2 g/kgbw.
In-silico screening of inhibitor on protein epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)
Authors: Ongko Jeremi , Setiawan Jesica Viona , Feronytha Alfina Gracia , Juliana Agnes , Effraim Andy , Wahjudi Mariana , Antonius Yulanda
Published: June 2022

The screening process to detect early-stage lung cancer is injurious to a patient’s survival. Fortunately, there are natural compounds that have been acknowledged to possess anticancer properties, work as the protein binding inhibitors of lung cancer promotors: EGF and EGFR. The study aims to identify inhibitors of EGFR protein binding. Assessments were accomplished based on several parameters related to EGFR proteins, such as pathways, protein activity, conformational changes, and numerous information using the STRING database and KEGG pathway database. Ten inhibitor compounds that expressed highest activity were selected for further analysis were: (20R,22R)-5beta,6beta-Epoxy-4beta,12beta,20-trihy-droxy-1-oxowith-2-en-24-enolide, irinotecan, flavopyridol, teniposide, exatecan, daphnoretin, indirubin, topitecan, wentilactone, and evidiamine. The native ligand Lapatinib was used as positive control in this analysis. The analysis was accomplished by molecular docking using Vina 4 in the PyRx software. Interactions between the ligands and residues were investigated using LIGPLOT+ 2.2. The In-silico analysis of the ten candidate compounds revealed that (20R, 22R)-5beta, 6beta-Epoxy-4beta, 12beta, 20-trihydroxy-1-oxowith-2-en-24-enolide expressed the lowest binding energy value, which is -10.4 kcal/mol, indicated the closest binding energy value to Lapatinib as the control. Based on the interaction of amino acids, (20R,22R)-5beta, 6beta-Epoxy-4beta, 12beta, 20-trihydroxy-1-oxowith-2-en-24-enolide has excellent potential to be utilized as next inhibitor com- pound candidates for EGFR protein, because it binds to the Lys745 residue. It mirrors the positive control and has a binding energy on the range of the specified acceptable parameters.
Farming Sustainability: A Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Wakhidati Y N , Sugiarto M , Aunurrohman H , Mastuti S , Suryani J A
Published: June 2022

The sustainability of broiler farming cannot be separated from the sensitivity of business feasibility. The very high price fluctuation since before the pandemic until now has become a threat to business sustainability. This study reveals the characteristics of broiler farming and the impact of price fluctuations on the feasibility of broiler farming in Banyumas Regency, Indonesia. This study used a survey method. 60 broiler farmers who are members of the contract growing were randomly selected as respondents. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistic. The impact of price fluctuations was calculated from a business feasibility simulation of changes in product selling prices. The results showed that the average broiler farm size was 5,444 head/period and cultivated 5 times in one year. The average investment was IDR 154,735,835.48 and earned profit IDR 70,045,228.33 per year with a positive NPV and IRR was 33.36 percent. Sensitivity analysis with a scenario of a decrease in selling prices by 3 percent shows that farmer profits fall to IDR 36,459,511.28 per year, with a negative NPV and an IRR of 7.57 percent, below the reference interest of 9.94 percent.
Current goat milk production, characteristics, and utilization in Indonesia
Authors: Sumarmono J
Published: June 2022

In Indonesia and some southeast Asian countries, the number of goats raised for milk production is growing. In these countries, goat milk is the second most produced and consumed milk after cow milk. In Indonesia, dairy goats’ development is promising, but the farming of dairy goats and marketing milk products is still scattered and unstructured. The milk is produced from varieties of goat breeds, including Peranakan Etawa, Saanen, Nubian, and their crosses. Goat milk has unique and distinct characteristics and is an excellent source of nutrients for humans. Compared to cow milk, it has smaller fat globules, more homogenous, shorter rennet coagulation time, and softer curd. Goat milk utilization includes fluid milk for direct consumption; frozen fresh milk; dried or powdered milk; fermented milk products such as yogurt, kefir, including its derivatives such as cosmetics, concentrated yogurt, yogurt cheese, ice cream, shakes; cheeses such as fresh cottage-type cheese, acid-coagulated cheese and mozzarella; and also, other traditional products such as sweets & candies and caramels. The development of dairy goats and goat milk consumption is driven by several factors, including the low cost for start-up and production, consumers’ demand, alleged health properties of goat milk, and varieties of products.
Exploration and Comparison of the Effects of Vibration and Backwashing Methods on the Process of the Sulfur-Based Autotrophic Denitrification
Authors: Liang Baorui , Zhu Tong , Kang Fei , Wang Yao , Yao Sai
Published: June 2022

Both the vibration and backwashing methods are efficient pathway to improve the denitrification ability in reactors. However, the comparison of the effects of vibration and backwashing on the sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification (SAD) reactor is still lacking. In this study, two SAD reactors were compared under various conditions, and the results showed that the use of the oyster shell powder could lower the sulfate productivity with better denitrification ability, and the denitrifiers could be more enriched due to the use of the oyster shell powder. In addition, vibration method performs better than backwashing in improving SAD denitrification ability, reasonable vibration intensity can not only help to reduce energy consumption, but also improve the ability of denitrification of the SAD reactors to a greater extent. Overall, the results of the experiments in this study are helpful for improving the ability of SAD reactors at low temperature and could provide the possibility for wider application of SAD technology.
Overhead Transmission Line Anti-External Force Damage System
Authors: Leng XueMin , Dai Jing , Gao Yang , Xu AoRan , Jin Ge
Published: June 2022

In recent years, human production activities often lead to short-circuit grounding and other faults in overhead transmission lines, resulting in power supply interruption and economic losses, and traditional manual inspection methods are difficult to quickly find the cause and give early warning. In order to reduce the occurrence of such faults and ensure the reliability of power supply, the research on the anti-external force anti-damage system for overhead transmission lines is carried out in this paper. In this paper, the architecture of the anti-external force damage system for overhead transmission lines is designed, and an anti-external force damage algorithm for overhead transmission lines based on the improved R-FCN network model is proposed. have higher accuracy. The anti-external force damage system for overhead transmission lines designed and developed in this paper can realize real-time monitoring of the on-site environment of overhead transmission lines, and can quickly warn of various intrusions that may cause external damage, so as to avoid possible losses.
Examining the Relationship between Sustainable Finance and Green Economic Progress in Ghana: The Stakeholders’ Perspectives
Authors: Misa Darko Eugene
Published: June 2022

Every economic development and progress entails wealth creation for the benefit of citizens sustainably. Sustainable development requires public and private investment in green assets and infrastructure that decreases carbon emissions, increases energy and resource efficiency, and preserves biodiversity and ecosystem services for humanity. Ghana is striving to transform its economic activities according to GE standards, although it faces challenges in meeting these standards. Moreover, adequate funding is limited or unavailable, especially for developing countries. This study uses a questionnaire survey to examine the relationship between SF and GE factors in Ghana. SF incorporates social and environmental issues into financial decision-making and performance. The result shows that the SFFs and the GEFs are significantly related. Ghana needs to strengthen its SF and GE policies from top to bottom to achieve remarkable green economic transformation and smooth transition.
Research on Pedestrian Space Disorder in Old City Living Streets: A Case Study on the Anzipian Area of Harbin
Authors: Yang Ye , Chaozhi Jia , Tong Zhao , Zekai Li
Published: June 2022

Livable quality promotion is an indispensable guideline of inventory renewal, and the old city’s living street quality is the main focus of attention in this context. Based on the physical disorder theory, this paper takes the Anzipian area of Harbin as the research object, conducts virtual audits through street view images, and quantifies the degree of pedestrian space disorder. Then, this paper analyses the main problem of pedestrian space disorder in the old city living streets and points out optimal design strategies for these problems. Finally, the enlightenment of old city living street renewal research was summarized and the future direction of street physical quality research was prospected.
An angle-tuned polarization-independent multi-narrowband perfect absorber
Authors: Qin Lu , Liu Fei , Yuan Fei , Zhang Ailing , Zhang Kailiang
Published: June 2022

We propose and numerically investigate an angle-tuned polarization-independent multi-narrowband perfect absorber, which comprises a simple gold nanocube array on SiO2/oxidized aluminum mirror layers. The oxidized aluminum mirror is able to support the surface plasmon polariton mode on the SiO2/Al2O3 interface. The multi-narrowband absorption contributes to the simultaneously excited quasi-metal–insulator–metal guided modes and standing wave cavity mode in the thick insulator layer by the incident light normal to the structure in the wavelength range 1400–2400 nm. Moreover, the absorption can be actively modulated by adjusting the incidence angle, and it is polarization independent. The perfect absorber is also suitable for sensing, with the figure of merit reaching 102 RIU−1 within the refractive index range from 1.3 to 1.36.
Digital synchronization for continuous-variable quantum key distribution
Authors: Chin Hou-Man , Jain Nitin , Andersen Ulrik L , Zibar Darko , Gehring Tobias
Published: June 2022

Continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) is a promising emerging technology for the distribution of secure keys for symmetric encryption. It can be readily implemented using commercial off-the-shelf optical telecommunications components. A key requirement of the CV-QKD receiver is the ability to measure the quantum states at the correct time instance and rate using the correct orthogonal observables, referred to as synchronization. We propose a digital synchronization procedure for a modern CV-QKD system with locally generated local oscillator for coherent reception. Our proposed method is modulation format independent allowing it to be used in a variety of CV-QKD systems. We experimentally investigate its performance with a Gaussian modulated CV-QKD system operating over a 10–20 km span of standard single mode fibre. Since the procedure does not require hardware modifications it paves the way for cost-effective QKD solutions that can adapt rapidly to changing environmental conditions.
Association of Weight-Related Stigmas With Daily Pain Symptoms Among Individuals With Obesity
Authors: Olson KayLoni L , Panza Emily , Lillis Jason , Wing Rena R
Published: June 2022

Background

Individuals with obesity are disproportionately impacted by pain-related symptoms.

Purpose

This study evaluated experienced weight stigma and internalized weight bias (IWB) as predictors of pain symptoms in daily life among individuals with obesity.

Methods

Adults with obesity (n = 39; 51% female, 67% White, 43.8 ± 11.6 years old, BMI = 36.8 ± 6.7 kg/m2) completed a baseline assessment (demographics, experienced weight stigma, IWB) and a 14-day Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) period involving five daily prompts of pain/aches/joint pain, muscle soreness, experienced weight stigma, and IWB. Generalized linear models were used to assess experienced weight stigma and IWB at baseline as prospective predictors of EMA pain/soreness symptoms. Multi-level models were used to test the association of momentary weight stigma experiences and IWB with pain/soreness at the same and subsequent EMA prompts.

Results

IWB at baseline, but not experienced weight stigma, was associated with more frequent pain symptoms (p < .05) and muscle soreness (p < .01) during EMA. Momentary IWB (but not experienced stigma) was associated with more pain/aches/joint pain and muscle soreness at the same and subsequent prompt.

Conclusions

Internalized (but not experienced) weight bias was prospectively associated with pain symptoms in daily life among individuals with obesity. Results are consistent with growing evidence that weight-related stigmas represent psychosocial factors that contribute to weight-related morbidity typically attributed to body size.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination Coverage, Intentions, Attitudes, and Barriers by Race/Ethnicity, Language of Interview, and Nativity—National Immunization Survey Adult COVID Module, 22 April 2021–29 January 2022
Authors: Ohlsen Elizabeth C , Yankey David , Pezzi Clelia , Kriss Jennifer L , Lu Peng Jun , Hung Mei Chuan , Bernabe Maria I Dionicio , Kumar Gayathri S , Jentes Emily , Elam-Evans Laurie D , Jackson Hannah , Black Carla L , Singleton James A , Ladva Chandresh N , Abad Neetu , Lainz Alfonso Rodriguez
Published: June 2022

The National Immunization Survey Adult COVID Module used a random-digit-dialed phone survey during 22 April 2021–29 January 2022 to quantify coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, intent, attitudes, and barriers by detailed race/ethnicity, interview language, and nativity. Foreign-born respondents overall and within racial/ethnic categories had higher vaccination coverage (80.9%), higher intent to be vaccinated (4.2%), and lower hesitancy toward COVID-19 vaccination (6.0%) than US-born respondents (72.6%, 2.9%, and 15.8%, respectively). Vaccination coverage was significantly lower for certain subcategories of national origin or heritage (eg, Jamaican [68.6%], Haitian [60.7%], Somali [49.0%] in weighted estimates). Respondents interviewed in Spanish had lower vaccination coverage than interviewees in English but higher intent to be vaccinated and lower reluctance. Collection and analysis of nativity, detailed race/ethnicity and language information allow identification of disparities among racial/ethnic subgroups. Vaccination programs could use such information to implement culturally and linguistically appropriate focused interventions among communities with lower vaccination coverage.
PolarX Cryoballoon metrics predicting successful pulmonary vein isolation: targets for ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Honarbakhsh Shohreh , Earley Mark J , Martin Claire A , Creta Antonio , Sohaib Afzal , Ang Richard , Butcher Charles , Waddingham Peter H , Dhinoja Mehul , Lim Wei , Srinivasan Neil T , Providencia Rui , Kanthasamy Vijayabharathy , Sporton Simon , Chow Anthony , Lambiase Pier D , Schilling Richard J , Finlay Malcolm C , Hunter Ross J
Published: June 2022

Aim

Evaluate the novel PolarX Cryoballoon in atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation through a propensity-matched comparison with the Arctic Front Advance (AFA). The aim was also to identify cryoablation metrics that are predictive of successful pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) with the PolarX Cryoballoon.

Methods and results

This prospective multi-centre study included patients that underwent cryoablation for AF. All patients underwent PVI with reconnection assessed after a 30-min waiting period and adenosine. Safety, efficacy, and cryoablation metrics were compared between PolarX and a propensity-matched AFA cohort. Seventy patients were included with 278 veins treated. In total, 359 cryoablations were performed (1.3 ± 0.6 per vein) to achieve initial PVI with 205 (73.7%) veins isolating with a single cryoablation. Independent predictors for achieving initial PVI included temperature at 30 s [odds ratio (OR) 1.26; P = 0.003] and time to reach −40°C (OR 1.88; P < 0.001) with an optimal cut-off of ≤−38.5°C at 30 s [area under the curve (AUC) 0.79; P < 0.001] and ≤−40°C at ≤32.5 s (AUC 0.77; P < 0.001), respectively. Of the 278 veins, 46 (16.5%) veins showed acute reconnection. Temperature at 30 s (≤−39.5°C, OR 1.24; P = 0.002), nadir temperature (≤−53.5°C, OR 1.35; P = 0.003), and time to isolation (≤38.0 s, OR 1.18; P = 0.009) were independent predictors of sustained PVI. Combining two of these three targets was associated with reconnection in only 2–5% of PVs. Efficacy and safety of the PolarX Cryoballoon were comparable to AFA Cryoballoon, however, cryoablation metrics were significantly different.

Conclusions

The PolarX Cryoballoon has a different cryoablation profile to AFA Cryoballoon. Prospective testing of these proposed targets in large outcomes studies is required.
Construction of a high-density bin-map and identification of fruit quality-related quantitative trait loci and functional genes in pear
Authors: Qin Meng-Fan , Li Lei-Ting , Singh Jugpreet , Sun Man-Yi , Bai Bing , Li Si-Wei , Ni Jiang-Ping , Zhang Jia-Ying , Zhang Xun , Wei Wei-Lin , Zhang Ming-Yue , Li Jia-Ming , Qi Kai-Jie , Zhang Shao-Ling , Khan Awais , Wu Jun
Published: June 2022

Pear (Pyrus spp.) is one of the most common fruit crops grown in temperate regions worldwide. Genetic enhancement of fruit quality is a fundamental goal of pear breeding programs. The genetic control of pear fruit quality traits is highly quantitative, and development of high-density genetic maps can facilitate fine-mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and gene identification. Bin-mapping is a powerful method of constructing high-resolution genetic maps from large-scale genotyping datasets. We performed whole-genome sequencing of pear cultivars ‘Niitaka’ and ‘Hongxiangsu’ and their 176 F1 progeny to identify genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for constructing a high-density bin-map of pear. This analysis yielded a total of 1.93 million SNPs and a genetic bin-map of 3190 markers spanning 1358.5 cM, with an average adjacent interval of 0.43 cM. This bin-map, along with other high-density genetic maps in pear, improved the reference genome assembly from 75.5 to 83.7% by re-anchoring the scaffolds. A quantitative genetic analysis identified 148 QTLs for 18 fruit-related traits; among them, QTLs for stone cell content, several key monosaccharides, and fruit pulp acids were identified for the first time in pear. A gene expression analysis of six pear cultivars identified 399 candidates in the identified QTL regions, which showed expression specific to fruit developmental stages in pear. Finally, we confirmed the function of PbrtMT1, a tonoplast monosaccharide transporter-related gene responsible for the enhancement of fructose accumulation in pear fruit on linkage group 16, in a transient transformation experiment. This study provides genomic and genetic resources as well as potential candidate genes for fruit quality improvement in pear.
MdERF1B–MdMYC2 module integrates ethylene and jasmonic acid to regulate the biosynthesis of anthocyanin in apple
Authors: Wang Shuo , Li Li-Xian , Fang Yue , Li Dan , Mao Zuolin , Zhu Zihao , Chen Xue-Sen , Feng Shou-Qian
Published: June 2022

Ethylene and jasmonic acid (JA) are crucial hormones that promote anthocyanin synthesis in apple (Malus × domestica). However, the mechanism by which these hormones cooperate to modulate anthocyanin production in apple is unclear. According to our results, MdERF1B expression was strongly induced by ethylene and JA. Physiological phenotypes and the results of molecular biological analyses indicated that MdERF1B encodes a positive regulator of anthocyanin synthesis. Specifically, MdERF1B was capable of combining directly with the MdMYC2 promoter to promote gene expression. Additionally, MdERF1B interacted with two JA signaling pathway inhibitors, namely MdJAZ5 and MdJAZ10. The MdERF1B–MdJAZ5/10 protein complex decreased the ability of MdERF1B to activate the MdMYC2 promoter. Furthermore, MdEIL1, which is a crucial protein for ethylene signal transduction, was observed to bind directly to the MdERF1B promoter, thereby upregulating gene expression. These results suggest that MdERF1B is a core gene responsive to JA and ethylene signals. The encoded protein, together with MdMYC2, MdJAZ5/10, and MdEIL1, modulates anthocyanin synthesis in apple. This study clarifies the synergistic mechanism by which JA and ethylene regulate anthocyanin production in apple.
New methods for quantification of amoxicillin and clindamycin in human plasma using HPLC with UV detection
Authors: Greibe Eva , Moser Claus Ernst , Bruun Niels Eske , Hoffmann-Lücke Elke
Published: June 2022

Objectives

We aimed to develop simple and rapid HPLC methods for determination of amoxicillin and clindamycin in human plasma.

Methods

Plasma samples were pretreated by direct deproteinization with acetonitrile and the analytical separation took place on a reverse phase Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column (2.7 μm, 2.1 × 100 mm) with a gradient of acetonitrile. UV detection at 229 nm for amoxicillin and 204 nm for clindamycin was used for determination of the antibiotics in plasma.

Results

The calibration curves were linear over the concentration ranges of 1–100 mg/L for amoxicillin and 1–15 mg/L for clindamycin with a correlation coefficient of ≥0.98. Intra-assay precisions were all ≤15% and the accuracies were within ±15%. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was found to be 0.5 mg/L for amoxicillin and 1 mg/L for clindamycin with inter-assay imprecision coefficient of variances (CVs) of 18.7% and 15.6%, respectively. The present HPLC methods were successfully applied on spike-in samples and on plasma samples collected 4–6 and 3.5–5.5 h after oral antibiotic administration of 500 mg of amoxicillin and 600 mg of clindamycin, respectively.

Conclusions

We have developed HPLC methods with UV detection for quantification of amoxicillin and clindamycin in human plasma. The methods are fast, simple and suitable for use in routine settings and clinical studies.
The Function of Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) E74 and Its Interaction With βFtz-F1
Authors: Zhang Yuwei , Zheng Shiwen , Li Yan , Jiang Xiaojuan , Gao Han , Lin Xinda
Published: June 2022

Drosophila E74 is an early gene located in the polytene chromosome 74EF puff position. E74 controls the production of late genes, indicating that it plays a crucial role in this cascade model. Nilaparvata lugens E74 is closely related to Diaphorina citri, Bemisia tabaci, and Laodelphax striatellus. After downregulating E74, molting, and nymphal mortality were increased, and ovarian development was delayed. Moreover, the expression of Vg was reduced at the transcriptional level, as measured by qRT-PCR, and the content of Vg protein was reduced, as detected by Western blotting. After downregulating E74, the expression of hormone-related genes, including Tai, βFtz-F1, Met, Kr-h1, UspA, UspB, E93, and Br, was changed. The expression of E74 was significantly decreased after downregulating hormone-related genes. When the expression of E74 and βFtz-F1 was downregulated together, nymph mortality and molting mortality were higher than those when E74 or βFtz-F1 was downregulated alone. Thus, E74 probably interacts with βFtz-F1 at the genetic level. In summary, this study showed that E74 plays a crucial role in the development, metamorphosis and reproduction of N. lugens, possibly via the interaction with βFtz-F1 at the genetic level. This study provides a basis for the development of new target-based pesticides and new methods for the effective control of N. lugens.
Parentage Assignment Using Microsatellites Reveals Multiple Mating inAedes aegypti(Diptera: Culicidae): Implications for Mating Dynamics
Authors: Pimid Marcela , Krishnan Kumara Thevan , Ahmad Abu Hassan , Mohd Naim Darlina , Chambers Geoffrey K , Mohd Nor Siti Azizah , Ab Majid Abdul Hafiz
Published: June 2022

The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of the dengue, yellow fever, and chikungunya viruses. Evidence shows that Ae. aegypti males are polyandrous whereas Ae. aegypti females are monandrous in mating. However, the degree to which Ae. aegypti males and females can mate with different partners has not been rigorously tested. Therefore, this study examined the rates of polyandry via parentage assignment in three sets of competitive mating experiments using wild-type male and female Ae. aegypti. Parentage assignment was monitored using nine microsatellite DNA markers. All Ae. aegypti offspring were successfully assigned to parents with 80% or 95% confidence using CERVUS software. The results showed that both male and female Ae. aegypti mated with up to 3–4 different partners. Adults contributed differentially to the emergent offspring, with reproductive outputs ranging from 1 to 25 viable progeny. This study demonstrates a new perspective on the capabilities of male and female Ae. aegypti in mating. These findings are significant because successful deployment of reproductive control methods using genetic modification or sterile Ae. aegypti must consider the following criteria regarding their mating fitness: 1) choosing Ae. aegypti males that can mate with many different females; 2) testing how transformed Ae. aegypti male perform with polyandrous females; and 3) prioritizing the selection of polyandrous males and/or females Ae. aegypti that have the most offspring.