bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revitalizing the Potential of Minor Millets: Agrarian Constraints, Possible Solutions and Future Roadmap
Authors: Pal Bodhisattya , Mukhopadhyay Anasua , Kishore Aditi , Agarwal Arjun Kumar , Debangshi Udit , Verma Hem Prakash , Sunil Jathar Gaurang
Published: May 2023

In contrary to the recent revival of millets like sorghum & pearl millet globally, one segment of millets is still neglected mostly in spite of their massive nutritional benefits and complementing effect on ecology; these are referred as minor millets collectively. The focal causes of its under recognition include lack of awareness among the consumers about its vast potential utilities and multifaceted constraints acting together to curb down its production pattern. Lack of effective research and development in the area of crop improvement via breeding and biotechnological interventions is holding back its upswing. There is very little comprehensive documentation available on these dynamics of minor millets. This paper studies those critical limiting factors while also prescribing the way out to ensure nutritional security and environmental sustainability.
Performance of Pinoxaden Herbicide against Complex Weed Flora in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Patel Raghav , Jha A. K. , Verma Badal , Porwal Muskan , Toppo Oscar , Raghuwanshi Sourabh
Published: May 2023

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season (2020-21) at AICRP on Wheat, College of Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur (MP), India, to study the effect of pinoxaden on weeds and the yield of wheat. The field experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with seven treatments and replicated thrice. Treatments included applying different doses of pinoxaden at 40, 45, and 90 g a.i. ha-1, clodinafop propargyl at 90 g a.i. ha-1, sulfosulfuron at 25 g a.i. ha-1 as post-emergence along with hand weeding at 30 DAS and weedy check. The experimental field was dominated by Phalaris minor (15.6%) among monocot weeds, while Medicago denticulata (30.82%), Cichorium intybus (29.94%), Chenopodium album (15.32%), and Anagallis arvensis (8.30%) among the dicot weeds throughout the crop growing period. Among the different herbicidal treatments, pinoxaden at 90 g a.i. ha-1 effectively controlled the monocot and dicot weeds and recorded higher weed control efficiency and the lowest weed index. However, the highest value of growth parameters, yield attributes, and grain yield was recorded with the application of pinoxaden at 45 g a.i. ha-1 among all the herbicidal treatments.
Exploring the Effects of Nutrient Management on Growth Attributes, Fodder Qualities and Soil Properties of Fodder Oats (Avena sativa): An Overview
Authors: Reddy Piserla Manasa , Kumar Sourabh , Sharma Neeraj , Hemasri Kathi , Nandana S. K. , Hirwe Onkar Ramachandra , Rajeev
Published: May 2023

Livestock is a significant economic contributor to a country and is essential to the production of milk, eggs and meats for the country's expanding population. Fodder oats (Avena sativa L.) are commonly grown for livestock feed due to their high yield potential and nutritive value. Nutrient management is a crucial aspect of fodder oats production that can significantly affect plant growth, forage quality and soil properties. Fodder oat growth attributes are determined by various factors, including nutrient availability, soil fertility and environmental conditions. Adequate soil fertility and pH levels are necessary for optimal nutrient uptake and utilization by plants. Fodder quality is a critical determinant of the nutritional value of oat forage. The nutrient content and digestibility of oat forage are influenced by several factors such as plant maturity, environmental conditions and nutrient management practices. High-quality forage is characterized by high crude protein (CP) content, low fiber content and high digestibility. Nutrient management also affects soil properties which can influence plant growth and development. Excessive nutrient application rates can lead to soil nutrient imbalances, soil acidification and reduced soil microbial activity. These effects can lead to reduced nutrient availability and uptake by plants, reduced soil fertility and decreased plant growth. Proper nutrient management such as balanced nutrient application rates and use of organic amendments can enhance soil fertility, improve soil structure and promote plant growth.
Association between Age Gain, Parkinsonism and Pesticides: A Public Health Problem?
Authors: Cristina-Pereira Renata , Trevisan Kaynara , Vasconcelos-da-Silva Ediana , Figueredo-da-Silva Sylla , F. Magri Micheli Patricia de , Brunelli Lisandre F. , Aversi-Ferreira Tales Alexandre
Published: May 2023

As life expectancy increases worldwide, so does the time available for prolonged exposure to toxic materials in the environment that have the potential to exert gradual pressure, facilitating the onset of aging in the body.

Neural/behavioral alterations are linked to age gain, making the understanding of the aging process more complex considering the high complexity of the neural system and, although neuropsychological, pathological and neuroimaging criteria have been established to differentiate between normal and pathological aging, diagnosing the mild cognitive problems of each elderly individual remains a challenge.

Parkinson's disease is recognized as one of the most common neurological disorders in the elderly, whose intrinsic cause is still unknown, but its main molecular basis is the decrease in dopamine produced in the substantia nigra. Studies have suggested that exposure to organophosphate, the glyphosate class, in different organisms, are capable of promoting bodily malformations, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, genotoxicity, metabolic disorders, among others. The effects of pesticides on the environment, associated with their exacerbated permanence in the environment, indicate that more and more people may suffer their deleterious action, which may be the cause of some neurodegenerative disorders. The main objective of this study was to use specific data from the literature on Parkinsonism, correlating it with aging and contamination by pesticides.

In fact, the health risks inherent in the use of pesticides are greater the greater the intensity of exposure to them and, considering the widespread use of pesticides today, the number of poisoning of the human population and animals will increase. Therefore, in terms of literary data, contamination with pesticides may be associated with a public health problem and, therefore, a possible increase in dementia processes, thus Parkinsonism.
Soybean Disease Detection and Segmentation Based on Mask-RCNN Algorithm
Authors: Kumar M. , Chandel N. S. , Singh D. , Rajput L. S.
Published: May 2023

Anthracnose, frogeye leaf spot (FLS), rhizoctonia aerial blight (RAB), soybean mosaic virus (SMV), and yellow mosaic virus (YMV) of soybean are major common soybean leaf diseases that seriously affect soybean yield in India. However, the existing system needs a real-time detection method for soybean leaf diseases, which will help to take appropriate action for disease cure with minimum losses. This study studied a real-time detector for soybean leaf diseases based on deep convolutional neural networks. The 3,127 RGB images of disease-free leaves, anthracnose, FLS, RAB, SMV, and YMV-affected leaves of soybean were collected from the agriculture fields. The Mask R-CNN detection algorithm was used for the detection of soybean leaf diseases by introducing the Res Net 50 module. The pre-processed images (512×512 pixels) were used as input in Mask R-CNN. The model was trained at a number of epochs, training step per epoch training & validation, and learning rate were 80, 500, 50, 8, and 0.001, respectively. The detection accuracy was calculated at three levels of minimum detection confidence i.e. 0.80, 0.85, and 0.90. The results indicate that the maximum detection accuracy i.e. greater than 85% at 0.90 level of minimum detection confidence. This research indicates that the real-time detector based on deep learning provides a feasible solution for diagnosing soybean leaf diseases and provides guidance for the detection of other plant diseases. In addition to that the application of pesticide in the early stage reduce the use of pesticide resulting in less environmental pollution.
Risk Identification and Management in EPC Project: A Comprehensive Review and Recommendation
Authors: Shenglin Ma
Published: May 2023

At present, the competition to participate in international projects through the EPC general contracting mode is becoming more and more fierce. Accurate identification and objective classification of risk factors in EPC projects are the prerequisites to ensure the success of the project. In order to improve the research level of China's EPC project risk management, based on the relevant journal literature and expert interviews on the risk management of EPC general contracting projects, the existing research results are summarized and analyzed. The main content includes, introducing the EPC risk management system and process, explaining the scope of the main risk management research, summarizing and commenting on the identification and classification of risks, analysis and evaluation methods, and coping strategies, etc., and finally focusing on EPC based on the existing research results. Project Risk Management made recommendations.
Economic Potential of Agriculture and Allied Sectors in Bulu Cina Village of Hamparan Perak District in Indonesia
Authors: Rangkuty Dewi Mahrani , Efendi Bakhtiar , Krisna Robi , Suhut Anwar , Zebua Alexander , Alfadhilla Tarisya
Published: May 2023

Bulu Cina Village is one of the villages in Hamparan Perak district, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. This paper aims to examine the potential economic sector in the village of Bulu Cina. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The leading commodities of Bulu Cina village in the agricultural sector are rice and corn. In the plantation sector are oil palm and cocoa. While in the Animal Husbandries sector are native chickens and sheep. With the commodities produced in these three sectors, the Village Head, Village Apparatus like village chief, village secretary, hamlet head, and the community can maintain and increase production in each industry to increase village income.
National Telehealth Contingency Staffing Program and Primary Care Quality in the VHA
Authors: Liu Terrence , Wheat Chelle L. , Rojas Jorge , O’Shea Amy M. J. , Nelson Karin M. , Reddy Ashok
Published: January 2025

Importance

The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) launched the Clinical Resource Hub (CRH), a national telehealth contingency staffing program, to address primary care staffing shortages and improve veteran access to primary care. How this large-scale telehealth intervention affects quality of care is unknown.

Objective

To assess the quality of care for chronic disease management among US veterans receiving high vs low levels of CRH-delivered primary care services and whether racial and ethnic minority veterans experience outcomes similar to those of White veterans when receiving CRH-delivered care.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective quality improvement study was conducted using VHA administrative data. Veterans receiving primary care services from CRH clinicians between October 1, 2022, to September 30, 2023, were included.

Exposures

Low, medium, and high tertiles of CRH intensity, defined as the proportion of a veteran’s CRH primary care visits to their total primary care visits within the study period.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcomes were chronic disease quality measures for 2 common conditions in ambulatory care: diabetes and hypertension. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between individual-level receipt of care from a CRH clinician and the study outcomes.

Results

This study included 71 508 veterans (mean [SD] age, 66 [15] years; 91.4% were male). Veterans who received a higher proportion of care from CRH clinicians were more likely to have improved blood pressure control compared with those who received a lower proportion of care. Higher vs lower CRH intensity was associated with improved blood pressure control among veterans with diabetes (79.5% [95% CI, 78.5%-80.4%] vs 76.6% [95% CI, 75.7%-77.5%]) and veterans with hypertension (76.8% [95% CI, 76.0%-77.5%] vs 73.9% [95% CI, 73.2%-74.7%]). Among racial and ethnic minority veterans, no association between CRH intensity and clinical quality was observed.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this large retrospective cohort study among veterans receiving primary care services through a national telehealth contingency staffing program, veterans with a higher proportion of care from CRH clinicians had improvement in blood pressure outcomes. These findings suggest that the CRH program may be helpful in addressing veteran primary care needs without introducing or worsening disparities in ambulatory quality measures among racial and ethnic minority veterans. As health systems face staffing shortages in primary care, these findings can inform strategies for equitable implementation of large-scale telehealth initiatives to fill these gaps and maintain timely access to primary care.
SPRINT Treatment Among Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease From 2 Large Health Care Systems
Authors: Kurella Tamura Manjula , Huang Mengjiao , An Jaejin , Zhou Mengnan , Niu Fang , Sim John J. , Pajewski Nicholas M. , Gaussoin Sarah A. , Li June , Odden Michelle C. , Chang Tara I. , Charu Vivek , Montez-Rath Maria E.
Published: January 2025

Importance

It is unclear whether the effects of intensive vs standard blood pressure (BP) targets seen in clinical trials generalize to patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) encountered in everyday practice due to differences in the distribution of cardiovascular risk factors and coexisting conditions.

Objective

To evaluate whether the beneficial and adverse effects of intensive vs standard BP control observed in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) are transportable to a target population of adults with CKD in clinical practice.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This comparative effectiveness study identified 2 populations with CKD who met the eligibility criteria for SPRINT between January 1 and December 31, 2019, in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and Kaiser Permanente of Southern California (KPSC). Baseline covariate, treatment, and outcome data from SPRINT were combined with covariate data from these populations to estimate the treatment effects in the target population, applying models that estimated outcomes using distributions in the trial. Analysis was performed between May 2023 and October 2024.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcomes were major cardiovascular events, all-cause death, cognitive impairment, CKD progression, and adverse events at 4 years.

Results

A total of 85 938 patients (mean [SD] age, 75.7 [10.0] years; 81 628 [95.0%] male) from the VHA and 13 983 patients (mean [SD] age, 77.4 [9.6] years; 5371 [38.4%] male) from KPSC were included. Compared with 9361 SPRINT participants (mean [SD] age, 67.9 [9.4] years; 6029 [64.4%] male), these patients were older, had less prevalent cardiovascular disease, higher albuminuria, and used more statins. The associations of intensive vs standard BP control with major cardiovascular events, all-cause death, and adverse events were transportable from the trial to the VHA and KPSC populations; however, the trial’s effects on cognitive and CKD outcomes were not transportable in 1 or both clinical populations. Intensive vs standard BP treatment was associated with lower absolute risks for major cardiovascular events at 4 years by 5.1% (95% CI, −9.8% to 3.2%) in the VHA population and 3.0% (95% CI, −6.3% to 0.3%) in the KPSC population and higher risks for adverse events by 1.3% (95% CI, −5.5% to 7.7%) in the VHA population and 3.1% (95% CI, −1.5% to 8.3%) in the KPSC population.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this comparative effectiveness study, the reduction in fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular end points and the increase in adverse events observed in SPRINT were largely transportable to trial-eligible CKD populations from clinical practice, suggesting benefits of implementing intensive BP targets.
KRAS Mutation Status and Treatment Outcomes in Patients With Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Norton Carter , Shaw Matthew Steven , Rubnitz Zachary , Smith Jarrod , Soares Heloisa P. , Nevala-Plagemann Christopher D. , Garrido-Laguna Ignacio , Florou Vaia
Published: January 2025

Importance

Despite the high prevalence of KRAS alterations in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the clinical impact of common KRAS mutations with different cytotoxic regimens is unknown. This evidence is important to inform current treatment and provide a benchmark for emergent targeted KRAS therapies in metastatic PDAC.

Objective

To assess the clinical implications of common KRAS G12 mutations in PDAC and to compare outcomes of standard-of-care multiagent therapies across these common mutations.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study obtained deidentified clinical data for 5382 patients from a nationwide (US-based) clinicogenomic database. The deidentified data originated from approximately 280 US cancer clinics (approximately 800 sites of care). Patients diagnosed with metastatic PDAC from February 9, 2010, to September 20, 2022, and with sufficient follow-up and treatment data were included.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Median overall survival (OS) and time to next treatment (TTNT) were calculated for each KRAS mutation group. Hazard ratios (HRs) were generated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models for KRAS mutations and mutation-treatment combinations.

Results

A total of 2433 patients with PDAC were included in the analysis (mean age at first treatment, 67.0 [range, 66.0-68.0] years; 1340 male [55.1%]). Among 2023 patients with KRAS mutations, those with G12R had the longest median TTNT (6.0 [95% CI, 5.2-6.6] months) and the longest median OS (13.2 [95% CI, 10.6-15.2] months). Patients with KRAS G12D and G12V mutations had a significantly higher risk of disease progression (HRs, 1.15; [95% CI, 1.04-1.29; P = .009] and 1.16 [95% CI, 1.04-1.30; P = .01], respectively) and death (HRs, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.15-1.45; P < .001] and 1.23 [95% CI, 1.09-1.39; P < .001], respectively) compared with KRAS wild type. The FOLFIRINOX regimen (fluorouracil, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and leucovorin) had a significantly lower risk of treatment progression and death than gemcitabine with (HRs, 1.19 [95% CI, [1.09-1.29; P < .001] and 1.18 [95% CI, 1.07-1.29; P < .001], respectively) or without (HRs, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.11-1.69; P = .003] and 1.41 [95% CI 1.13-1.75; P = .002], respectively) nab-paclitaxel across all patients.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of 2433 patients with PDAC, KRAS G12D and G12V mutations were associated with worse patient outcomes compared with KRAS wild type. KRAS G12R was associated with more favorable patient outcomes, and FOLFIRINOX was associated with better patient outcomes than gemcitabine-based therapies. These findings highlight the need for more effective systemic therapies for these groups of patients.
Computer‐Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software (CAQDAS)
Authors: Séror Jérémie
Published: January 2025

The digital age has ushered in a new era of software programs and applications designed to support research. While many of these tools have become commonplace for researchers, tools designed to support qualitative data analysis remain a source of questions regarding their impact, value, and unique affordances for both novice and established qualitative scholars. Also known as computer‐assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS) or qualitative data analysis software (QDAS), these computer programs are designed to assist researchers as they engage in the process of carrying out qualitative data analysis. This entry provides an overview of the affordances of these tools, including an overview of recent developments and their potential to allow researchers to work digitally with qualitative data to enhance the efficiency and validity of the analytical process and its research outcomes.
Critical Pedagogy in Language Teaching
Authors: Crookes Graham V.
Published: January 2025

In this entry, the application of critical pedagogy to second‐language teaching is summarized. Critical pedagogy is a perspective on teaching and curriculum which intends to foster action to increase social justice in cultures and societies. It has been increasingly applied in the teaching of second languages. The entry addresses the overall goals of critical pedagogy (social justice). It briefly considers actions that have been reported and forms of classroom activity (such as the project) that lend themselves to fostering action. Other characteristic features of curriculum and materials that support critical language teaching, such as the use of “codes” in materials, are considered. In conclusion, the history and future of this area are considered briefly.
Pragmatics and Stance
Authors: Spronck Stef
Published: January 2025

This entry examines stance, here defined as those aspects of language that reveal features of individual experience and ways of relating to the world and others. Stance imbues every human (communicative) act, but is also associated with a range of dedicated linguistic expressions, which makes it particularly challenging to delimit the phenomenon in a cross‐theoretical and cross‐linguistically uncontroversial fashion. This is where pragmatics comes in: an explicit pragmatic theory is required to identify and motivate relevant semantic and notional categorizations in the linguistic analysis of stance.

Stef Spronck is a lecturer in language and communication at Utrecht University and a postdoctoral researcher in Indigenous Studies at the University of Helsinki. He obtained his PhD from the Australian National University (2016) with a thesis on reported speech in the Aboriginal language Ngarinyin and subsequently worked on perspective taking as a postdoctoral fellow at the Universities of Leuven and Helsinki. He is interested in the relation between social cognition, dialogue, and grammar and, in particular, studies the cross‐linguistic forms and functions of reported speech. His research has appeared in journals like
Frontiers of Communication
,
Journal of Pragmatics
,
Linguistic Typology
, among many others.
Complementation
Authors: Egan Thomas
Published: January 2025

Complementation is one of the two main ways in which linguistic forms, such as words, may be linked to other forms. The other major relationship is called modification. A complement is said to be licensed by another word, which is in need of it in order to make sense. For instance, an object which is licensed by a transitive verb is said to be a complement of that verb. In order to form a meaningful utterance, the object needs to be either explicitly present or implicit in the context. There are five main word classes that take complements, verbs and prepositions (or postpositions), which normally require them, and adjectives, nouns, and adverbs, which occasionally require them. The five are illustrated in this chapter with examples from English, which, unlike some languages, exhibits all five types.
Modal Particles in German
Authors: Schoonjans Steven
Published: January 2025

Modal particles (
Modalpartikeln
, often also called discourse particles) in German constitute a group of words that are used to add a particular intersubjective nuance, called
Abtönung
“downtoning,” to an utterance: they modify the illocutionary function of an utterance by indicating, for instance, the speaker's take on the utterance or on how it relates to the context, thereby giving an indication of how the interlocutor is expected to react. The category of modal particles is mainly defined through formal features that are mostly put in a negative way: modal particles are uninflected, typically unstressed, cannot be intensified or negated, do not normally occur outside of the so‐called middle field of the sentence, and while they are often combined, they cannot be subject to coordination. This entry offers a more extensive presentation of the category of modal particles in German, discussing in more detail their function and their form features, and gives an overview of prominent research topics in current modal particle research.
Researching Feedback: Mixed‐Methods Research
Authors: Ene Estela
Published: January 2025

Mixed‐methods research are sometimes used to explore feedback effectiveness, though not nearly as much as quantitative methods. Mixed methods help expand the array of topics and perspectives explored. Generalizability continues to be a weakness of mixed‐methods research.
Translingual Writing
Authors: Machado Emily
Published: January 2025

Translingual writing is a theoretical and pedagogical approach that seeks to reframe understandings of linguistic difference in writing. Rooted in the field of composition studies, translingual perspectives build on efforts to acknowledge and value increasing linguistic diversity in writing classrooms and disrupt the monolingual ideologies on which writing instruction has often relied. Such perspectives encourage students to compose using a wide range of communicative resources and urge instructors to take up stances of openness as they read students' work. Translingual writing is often associated with practices such as code‐meshing and translation. However, translingual perspectives extend beyond a focus on practices and products alone and can be applied in the study of all forms of writing. Translingualism has contributed to multiple fields of study (e.g., literacy studies, applied linguistics, and bilingual education), particularly as it has supported researchers and instructors in rethinking what is valued as “good” writing.
Translanguaging in Multilingual Education
Authors: Tai Kevin W. H.
Published: January 2025

Translanguaging has developed into a pedagogical philosophy, a theory of language and an analytical perspective which emphasizes teachers' and students' agentive use of multiple linguistic and non‐linguistic resources to generate new configurations of language and pedagogical practices. This entry will explain how translanguaging can transform the multilingual classroom into an equable space of learning that honors students' diverse linguistic and multimodal repertoire. The entry will further explain how translanguaging can be adopted as an analytical perspective to understand multilingual classroom interactions, as well as how teachers can create translanguaging spaces in the classroom to enable them to achieve their specific pedagogical goals. Examples drawn from Hong Kong English‐Medium‐Instruction secondary classrooms will be provided. Theoretical and methodological implications for adopting translanguaging as an analytical lens for language education research will be discussed.
Research Methods in Translation and Interpreting Studies
Authors: O'Brien Sharon , Mellinger Christopher D.
Published: January 2025

Translation and interpreting studies is an interdisciplinary area of scholarly inquiry that has relied on a wide range of methodological approaches over the course of its development and evolution into an independent discipline. Early methods focused on linguistic and textual comparisons of the translated product or the interpreted rendition. Corpus‐based methods grew in popularity along with greater interest in research on the cognitive processes involved in translation and interpreting and a recognition of the situated, embodied nature of this cognition. This turn necessitated the embracing of methods typically used in cognitive research, such as eye tracking, screen recording, and keyboard logging. Methods typical of inquiry in the social sciences, such as surveys, interviews, and focus groups, are still used in parallel. As new questions emerge about the boundaries of the discipline, so too do new challenges in the approach to research, including but not limited to questions about how to conduct research that is socially engaged and open.
Embodied Cognition and Street‐Crossing in Real and Simulated Ageing
Authors: Trouvé Marie , Dommes Aurélie , Lhuillier Simon , Dang Nguyen‐Thong , Gyselinck Valérie
Published: January 2025

Few studies have explored ageing through the prism of an embodied and situated approach to cognition. Due to its sensorimotor and cognitive components, crossing the street is a good paradigm to tackle this issue. Using an experimental approach, an ageing simulation suit was used to disentangle cognition from its sensorimotor context in 29 young participants compared to 28 young participants and 22 older participants who did not wear the suit. Over three blocks of 34 trials, participants crossed a two‐way street in a virtual reality platform. Their visual, auditory and cognitive performances were evaluated. Results showed sensorimotor decreases but no cognitive declines for participants wearing the suit. Interestingly, overall street‐crossing performances were altered with the sensorimotor impairments provoked by real as well as simulated ageing. These findings help address the links between sensorimotor and cognitive declines in ageing and demonstrate the relevance of using the GERT suit to simulate ageing.
Transparent, Anti‐Fouling and Mechanically Stable Coating with Hybrid Architecture Inspired by Corn Bracts‐Coating Strategy
Authors: Wang Yixue , Sun Rui , Zhao Wei , Lu Xinbo , Xiao Weiqiang , Meng Fandong , Zhan Xiaoli , Lu Jianguo , Gao Feng , Zhang Qinghua
Published: January 2025

In the quest for advanced coatings suitable for foldable electronics and photovoltaic systems, there is a pressing need for materials that combine transparency with durability. To address this, innovative special horizontal stripes transparent (SHT) coating is prepared by capillary gravity self‐assembly methods. This coating is derived from the structural principles of corn bracts and is created through the crosslinking of epoxy hydrophobic modified SiO2 with an epoxy organosilicon prepolymer, bridged by a double terminal amino polydimethylsiloxane. The special pattern of the surface makes the SHT coating more transparent than glass, and the special bionic structure is proven to be highly durable under extreme temperature fluctuations, withstanding tests from 150 to −20 °C over 192 h, and enduring 30 days of ultraviolet radiation exposure at 365 nm with an intensity of 30 W m−2. Moreover, even after 3000 cycles of scissors abrasion, the SHT maintained its anti‐fouling properties and mechanical resilience. It also demonstrated remarkable chemical stability across a range of solvents. The SHT coating can be easily applied to various flexible and rigid substrates using a brush, the SHT coating is poised to find broad applications in the realm of foldable optical devices.
Facile Interface Engineering Enabled Efficient and Stable Self‐Powered Perovskite Photodetectors for Versatile Photosensing Applications
Authors: Chang Chih‐Yu , Chin Yi‐Ling , Chang Chun‐Ya , Holovský Jakub
Published: January 2025

A facile and promising strategy to achieve high‐performance and stable perovskite (PVSK) photodetectors by strategically selecting dibromo‐substituted naphthalene tetracarboxylic diimide (NDI‐Br2) as both electron transport layer (ETL) and ion blocking layer (IBL) is presented. The results signify that strong electron‐withdrawing dibromine substituents endow NDI‐Br2 with proper energy level and high affinity for iodide ions, rendering it well‐suited for acting as ETL and IBL synchronously. With this strategy, the resulting photodetectors exhibit remarkably high responsivity of 0.53 A W−1, specific detectivity of 3.58 × 1014 Jones and linear dynamic range of 217 dB. Very encouragingly, with appropriate encapsulation, superior device stability is secured even under continuous light irradiation or thermal stress conditions. More importantly, the applicability of this strategy to diverse fields, including pulse oximetry, image sensor, and precise ultraviolet (UV)‐A recognition system based on machine learning algorithm, are also validated. This work sets a precedent for developing self‐powered PVSK photodetectors with record‐breaking performance and stability, which represents an important step toward commercialization of this emerging technology. It is confident that this strategy can not only provide new insights in the design of new classes of interfacial layer materials, but also expand the practical applicability of PVSK photodetectors in real‐world scenarios.
Regulating COOH Intermediate via Rationally Constructed Surface‐Active Sites of Bi2WO6 for Solar‐Driven CO2‐to‐CO Production
Authors: Thang Nguyen Quoc , Sabbah Amr , Putikam Raghunath , Huang Chih‐Yang , Lin Tsai‐Yu , Hussien Mahmoud Kamal , Wu Heng‐Liang , Lin Ming‐Chang , Lee Chih‐Hao , Chen Kuei‐Hsien , Chen Li‐Chyong
Published: January 2025

Solar‐driven CO2 reduction holds great promise for sustainable energy, yet the role of atomic active sites in governing intermediate formation and conversion remains poorly understood. Herein, a synergistic strategy using Ni single atoms (SAs) and surface oxygen vacancies (Ov) is reported to regulate the CO2 reduction pathway on the Bi2WO6 photocatalyst. Combining in‐situ techniques and theoretical modeling, the reaction mechanism and the structure‐activity relationship is elucidated. In‐situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy identifies Bi and Ni as active sites, and in‐situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy demonstrates that adsorption of H2O and CO2 readily forms CO32− species on the Ov‐rich catalyst. Optimally balancing Ni SAs and Ov lowers the energy barrier for the formation and dehydration of a key COOH intermediate, leading to favorable CO formation and desorption. Consequently, a superior CO production efficiency of 53.49 µmol g‒1 is achieved, surpassing previous reports on Bi2WO6‐based catalysts for gas‐phase CO2 photoreduction.
Control of Two Solid Electrolyte Interphases at the Negative Electrode of an Anode‐Free All Solid‐State Battery based on Argyrodite Electrolyte
Authors: Wang Yixian , Raj Vikalp , Naik Kaustubh G. , Vishnugopi Bairav S. , Cho Jaeyoung , Nguyen Mai , Recker Elizabeth A. , Su Yufeng , Celio Hugo , Dolocan Andrei , Page Zachariah A. , Watt John , Henkelman Graeme , Tu Qingsong Howard , Mukherjee Partha P. , Mitlin David
Published: January 2025

Anode‐free all solid‐state batteries (AF‐ASSBs) employ “empty” current collector with three active interfaces that determine electrochemical stability; lithium metal – Solid electrolyte (SE) interphase (SEI‐1), lithium – current collector interface, and collector – SE interphase (SEI‐2). Argyrodite Li6PS5Cl (LPSCl) solid electrolyte (SE) displays SEI‐2 containing copper sulfides, formed even at open circuit. Bilayer of 140 nm magnesium/30 nm tungsten (Mg/W‐Cu) controls the three interfaces and allows for state‐of‐the‐art electrochemical performance in half‐cells and fullcells. AF‐ASSB with NMC811 cathode achieves 150 cycles with Coulombic efficiency (CE) above 99.8%. With high mass‐loading cathode (8.6 mAh cm−2), AF‐ASSB retains 86.5% capacity after 45 cycles at 0.2C. During electrodeposition of Li, gradient Li‐Mg solid solution is formed, which reverses upon electrodissolution. This promotes conformal wetting/dewetting by Li and stabilizes SEI‐1 by lowering thermodynamic driving force for SE reduction. Inert refractory W underlayer is required to prevent ongoing formation of SEI‐2 that also drives electrochemical degradation. Inert Mo and Nb layers likewise protect Cu from corroding, while Li‐alloying layers (Mg, Sn) are less effective due to ongoing volume changes and associated pulverization. Mechanistic explanation for observed Li segregation within alloying LixMg layer is provided through mesoscale modelling, considering opposing roles of diffusivity differences and interfacial stresses.
Capturing and Sensing the Toxic Volatile Pollutants SO2, NO2, and O3 From Fireworks Using Modified Graphene Oxide – Insights from First Principle Calculations
Authors: Sekar Janaranjani , Ramasamy Rohith , Solomon Rajadurai Vijay
Published: January 2025

Despite the captivating and colorful fireworks displays in the sky, their immediate emissions significantly contribute to airborne pollutants in the troposphere, particularly trace metals and carbonaceous species in size‐segregated aerosols. These pollutants release harmful gases like SO2, NO2, and O3, which pose serious health risks. Therefore, tracing and trapping these toxic volatile pollutants (TVPs) is crucial for addressing air pollution concerns. Graphene oxide (GO), known for its advanced sensing capabilities, is an ideal material due to its oxygen functional groups, particularly hydroxyl (─OH) and epoxy groups (─O), which enhance its adsorption properties. This study investigates the adsorption behavior of ─O and ─OH functionalized GO toward common TVPs found in fireworks (SO2, NO2, and O3) from a computational perspective. The most stable orientation with high adsorption energy has been determined through surface stability and electronic property analyses. Further investigation into charge density and transfer, electrical conductivity, and recovery time provides deeper insights into the material's effectiveness. This research emphasizes the importance of TVPs removal during festival emissions, highlighting the potential of GO for improving air quality control during such events.
SEE: A Method for Predicting the Dynamics of Chromatin Conformation Based on Single‐Cell Gene Expression
Authors: Li Minghong , Yang Yurong , Wu Rucheng , Gong Haiyan , Yuan Zan , Wang Jixin , Long Erping , Zhang Xiaotong , Chen Yang
Published: January 2025

The dynamics of chromatin conformation involve continuous and reversible changes within the nucleus of a cell, which participate in regulating processes such as gene expression, DNA replication, and damage repair. Here, SEE is introduced, an artificial intelligence (AI) method that utilizes autoencoder and transformer techniques to analyze chromatin dynamics using single‐cell RNA sequencing data and a limited number of single‐cell Hi‐C maps. SEE is employed to investigate chromatin dynamics across different scales, enabling the detection of (i) rearrangements in topologically associating domains (TADs), and (ii) oscillations in chromatin interactions at gene loci. Additionally, SEE facilitates the interpretation of disease‐associated single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by leveraging the dynamic features of chromatin conformation. Overall, SEE offers a single‐cell, high‐resolution approach to analyzing chromatin dynamics in both developmental and disease contexts.
Triboelectric Bending Sensors for AI‐Enabled Sign Language Recognition
Authors: Wang Wei , Bo Xiangkun , Li Weilu , Eldaly Abdelrahman B. M. , Wang Lingyun , Li Wen Jung , Chan Leanne Lai Hang , Daoud Walid A.
Published: January 2025

Human–machine interfaces and wearable electronics, as fundamentals to achieve human‐machine interactions, are becoming increasingly essential in the era of the Internet of Things. However, contemporary wearable sensors based on resistive and capacitive mechanisms demand an external power, impeding them from extensive and diverse deployment. Herein, a smart wearable system is developed encompassing five arch‐structured self‐powered triboelectric sensors, a five‐channel data acquisition unit to collect finger bending signals, and an artificial intelligence (AI) methodology, specifically a long short‐term memory (LSTM) network, to recognize signal patterns. A slider‐crank mechanism that precisely controls the bending angle is designed to quantitively assess the sensor's performance. Thirty signal patterns of sign language of each letter are collected and analyzed after the environment noise and cross‐talks among different channels are reduced and removed, respectively, by leveraging low pass filters. Two LSTM models are trained using different training sets, and four indexes are introduced to evaluate their performance, achieving a recognition accuracy of 96.15%. This work demonstrates a novel integration of triboelectric sensors with AI for sign language recognition, paving a new application avenue of triboelectric sensors in wearable electronics.
Wet Photolithography From Hydrogen Abstraction of a Quasi‐Orthogonal Aggregation‐Induced Emitter
Authors: Cao Chen , Chen Huan , Jin Jia‐Ming , Tan Ji‐Hua , Tan Hong‐Ji , Lin Jiu‐Dong , Chen Wen‐Cheng , Yuan Yi , Zhu Ze‐Lin , Lee Chun‐Sing
Published: January 2025

A new aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) luminogen is obtained by dimerizing acridin‐9(10H)‐one (Ac), an aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) effect monomer via an N─N bond and forming 9H,9′H‐[10,10′‐biacridine]‐9,9′‐dione (DiAc) with D2d symmetry. The quenching of DiAc in solution is ascribed to the enhanced basicity promoting hydrogen bonding and then a hydrogen abstraction (HA) reaction and/or an unallowed transition in frontier orbitals with the same symmetry facilitating intersystem crossing. It is found that emissive Ac is one product of the non‐emissive DiAc solution in the HA reaction activated by UV irradiation. By exploiting the AIE properties and the HA reaction of DiAc, photolithographic patterning is demonstrated with a paper wetted with DiAc solution.
Fully 3D‐Printed Soft Capacitive Sensor of High Toughness and Large Measurement Range
Authors: Xiao Fei , Wei Zhuoheng , Xu Zhipeng , Wang Hao , Li Jisen , Zhu Jian
Published: January 2025

Soft capacitive sensors are widely utilized in wearable devices, flexible electronics, and soft robotics due to their high sensitivity. However, they may suffer delamination and/or debonding due to their low interfacial toughness. In addition, they usually exhibit a small measurement range resulting from their limited stiffness variation range. In this paper, soft silicone‐based capacitive sensors are developed by using a customized multimaterial 3D printer. By curing silicone materials simultaneously, the continuous conductive and dielectric layers achieve a substantial interfacial toughness of 1036 J·m−2. The sensor with tilted thin‐plate dielectrics exhibits interfacial toughness of 645 J·m−2 or 339 J·m−2 in the transverse or longitudinal direction, respectively. Additionally, the sensors demonstrate a broad measurement range from 0.85 Pa to 5000 kPa. This extended range is facilitated by the significant stiffness variation of the separated tilted thin‐plate dielectrics, ranging from 0.56 kPa to 19.76 MPa. Two applications of these fully printed soft sensors, including an intelligent sensorized insole and a robotic hand combining both soft actuators and soft sensors are showcased. It is believed that the strategy, employing 3D printing for soft microstructured sensors, is a general approach not only applicable for improving the performance of soft sensors, but also conducive to designing powerful soft functional devices.
Rationally Designed Air Electrode Boosting Electrochemical Performance of Protonic Ceramic Cells
Authors: Tang Chunmei , Yuan Baoyin , Zhang Xiaohan , Zheng Fangyuan , Su Qingwen , Meng Ling , Du Lei , Luo Dongxiang , Aoki Yoshitaka , Wang Ning , Ye Siyu
Published: January 2025

Protonic ceramic cells (PCCs) have gained significant attention as a promising electrochemical device for hydrogen production and power generation at intermediate temperatures. However, the lack of high‐performance air electrodes, specifically in terms of proton conduction ability, has severely hindered the improvement of electrochemical performances for PCCs. In this study, a high‐efficiency air electrode La0.8Ba0.2CoO3 (LBC) is rationally designed and researched by a machine‐learning model and density functional theory (DFT) calculation, which boosts the performances of PCCs. Specifically, an elements‐property map for designing high‐efficiency oxides is created by predicting and studying the proton uptake ability of La1–xA′xBO3 (A′ = Na, K, Ca, Mg, Ba, Cu, etc.) by an eXtreme Gradient Boosting model. PCC with LBC air electrode yields high current destiny in electrolysis mode (1.72 A cm−2 at 600 °C) and power density in fuel cell mode (1.00 W cm−2 at 600 °C). In addition, an ultra‐low air electrode reaction resistance (0.03 Ω cm2 at 600 °C) is achieved, because LBC can significantly facilitate the formation of O2*. This work not only reports an effective air electrode but also presents a new avenue for the rational design of air electrodes for PCCs.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Polysubstituted Indoles via the Indium‐Promoted Regioselective Hydrohydrazination of Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Sakai Norio , Yokoyama Takahiro , Ishida Kento
Published: January 2025

We demonstrated that indium bromide, a trivalent indium compound with strong tolerance toward various coordination functional groups, can be used as a sole promotor to effectively promote the hydrohydrazination of a variety of N‐phenylhydrazines with aromatic/aliphatic alkynes and the subsequent [3,3]‐sigmatropic reaction of the hydrazone intermediate, leading to the one‐pot preparation of various poly‐substituted indole derivatives. Notably, the initial hydrohydrazination proceeded in a Markovnikov‐type manner and showed high regioselectivity, with the hydrohydrazination of arylalkynes affording only 2‐arylindole derivatives. Therefore, our findings provide a facile and practical one‐pot process for the synthesis of polysubstituted indole derivatives from various phenylhydrazines and aromatic/aliphatic alkynes using only one promotor.
Scalable and Low‐Energy Synthesis of Metal–Organic Frameworks by a Seed‐Mediated Approach
Authors: Han Wentao , Shi Minghao , Jiang Hai‐Long
Published: January 2025

The synthesis of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) by low energy input has been a long‐term target for practical applications yet remains a great challenge. Herein, we developed a low‐energy MOF growth strategy at a temperature down to 50 °C by simply introducing seeds into the reaction system. The MOFs are continuously grown on the surface of the seeds at a growth rate dozens of times higher than that of conventional solvothermal synthesis at low temperature, while the resulting MOFs possess high crystallinity, porosity, and stability similar to solvothermal seeds. Remarkably, the obtained MOFs feature high‐density structural defects with Lewis acidity, thereby displaying more than one order of magnitude higher activity than the MOFs obtained by the conventional solvothermal method in the iodination reaction of substituted arenes. This low‐energy synthetic approach is readily scaled up, which would be a significant step forward in the dream of the MOF industry.