bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pathological measurement and staging of residual breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Harter Dawn , O'Connor Siobhan M. , Hertel Johann D. , Calhoun Benjamin C.
Published: May 2023

Aims

The 8th Edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging System (yAJCC) excludes treatment‐related fibrosis from the measurement of residual tumour after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for breast cancer. The impact of the 8th Ed. yAJCC on post‐NAC pathologic staging was examined in 188 breast cancer specimens from 183 patients with measurable residual tumour.

Methods

Tumour size, ypT, and ypN categories were reassessed with the current yACC criteria and compared to the original pathology reports. Histological patterns of response in the breast were categorised as concentric or scattered.

Results

The reassessed breast tumour size or ypT category differed from the original report in 101 (53.7%) cases. Changes in the ypT and/or ypN category resulted in downstaging of 45/185 (24.3%). A smaller reassessed tumour size or lower ypT category occurred more often in hormone receptor‐positive/HER2‐negative (HR+/HER2−) (68.3%) and HER2‐positive (HER2+) tumours (74.0%) than triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) (37.5%) (P < 0.001). A scattered pattern of response was more frequent in HR+/HER2− (54.9%) and HER2+ (66.0%) tumours than TNBC (35.7%) (P = 0.006). Changes in size, ypT, or multifocality based on the 8th Ed. yAJCC criteria were more frequent in tumours with a scattered pattern of response (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Strict adherence to yAJCC criteria for measurement of the residual breast tumour after NAC resulted in smaller tumour size, lower ypT category, lower yAJCC stage, and more frequent classification of residual tumour as multifocal. Downstaging based on 8th Ed. yAJCC criteria was associated with tumour subtype and histological pattern of response.
Microstructure and properties characterization of Yb:Lu2O3 transparent ceramics from co‐precipitated nano‐powders
Authors: Liu Ziyu , Feng Yagang , Chen Haohong , Toci Guido , Pirri Angela , Patrizi Barbara , Hreniak Dariusz , Vannini Matteo , Li Jiang
Published: May 2023

5at.% Yb:Lu2O3 transparent ceramics were fabricated successfully by vacuum sintering along with hot isostatic pressing posttreatment from the nanopowders. The influences of calcination temperature on morphology and microstructures of powders and ceramics were studied systematically. The optimal ceramic sample from the nanopowder calcined at 1050°C shows uniform and dense microstructure with the in‐line transmittance of 81.5% at 1100 nm. The results of the thermal measurements, that is, thermal conductivity and specific heat, were related to the changes occurring in the microstructure of the ceramics studied. It was shown on this basis that appropriate control of the technological process of sintering ceramics makes it possible to obtain laser ceramics with very good thermal properties as well as maintaining their high optical quality. Concerning the laser performance, the highest‐optical quality 5at.% Yb:Lu2O3 sample was pumped in quasi‐continuous wave conditions measuring a maximum output power of 2.59 W with a corresponding slope efficiency of 32.4%.
Determination of the controlling parameters for dislocation nucleation in SrTiO3: An investigation by nanoindentation
Authors: Wang Xiaomei , Liu Xiaowei , Li Yingwei , Fang Xufei
Published: May 2023

We conduct nanoindentation to investigate dislocation nucleation in SrTiO3 (STO) single crystals with surface orientations of (0 0 1), (0 1 1), and (1 1 1) with loading/unloading rates of 25, 250, and 2500 μN/s. Results reveal that the critical loads (Pc) at which “pop‐in” event occurs depend strongly on surface orientations, but slightly related to loading rate. Based on Pc, the critical shear stress that triggers dislocation nucleation was determined by extracting the maximum resolved shear stress (τmax) along the slip systems of STO using the Hertzian solution. The dislocation activation shear stress (τa) was determined by averaging τmax. The determined τa is 9.0–12.0 GPa, close to the shear strength (∼G/2π) of STO, indicating that homogeneous dislocation nucleation dominates the pop‐in events. The consistency of the determined τa demonstrates that the frameworks for nanoindentation pop‐in analysis established for metals can be extended to ceramics, whereas the influence of the limited slip systems should be taken into consideration. Additionally, we estimated the activation volume and the activation energy via the statistical model proposed by Schuh et al. The small values of the determined activation volume (0.6–9.8 Å3) and the activation energy (0.13–0.70 eV) indicate that the dislocation nucleation possibly begins from a single‐atom migration and local point defects may participate in the dislocation nucleation process. That is, heterogeneous nucleation may exist initially but the homogeneous dislocation nucleation dominates the pop‐in events.
Particle size control of cathode components for high‐performance all‐solid‐state lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Fan Bo , Guan Zebo , Wu Lilin , Zhang Shibang , Tan Manlin , Luo Zhongkuan , Zhang Xianghua , Ma Hongli , Xue Bai
Published: May 2023

Understanding the size effect of each component on battery performance is essential for designing high‐performance Li2S/S cathode for all‐solid‐state Li–S batteries. However, the size effects of different components are always coupled because ball‐milling, an indispensable process to synthesize reversible cathode, simultaneously and uncontrollably reduces the particle size of all the components. Here, a liquid‐phase method, without ball‐milling, is developed to synthesize the Li2S composite cathode, so that the particle size of the active material Li2S and the solid electrolyte Li3PS4 (LPS) can be independently controlled at nano‐ or microscale. This helps reveal that compositing Li2S and the conductive agent at nanoscale is essential for enhancing the reaction kinetics, whereas the nanoscale particle size and homogenous distribution of LPS is important for accommodating the large volume change of the cathode. By reducing the particle size of Li2S to 9.4 nm and that of LPS to 44 nm, the liquid‐phase‐synthesized composite cathode exhibits reversible capacity and 100% utilization of Li2S under 0.1 C rate.
Luminescence and temperature‐sensing properties of Y4GeO8:Bi3+,Eu3+ phosphor
Authors: Zhang DanYu , Luo YuXuan , Xu ShuJun , Li LianJie , Chen JunYu , Lei Lei , Guo Hai
Published: May 2023

In this paper, Y4GeO8:Bi3+,Eu3+ phosphor with dual emission centers was elaborated via conventional solid‐state reaction technology. Thorough research on the structure, morphology, and luminous properties of Y4GeO8:Bi3+,Eu3+ phosphor, the potential applications in optical thermometry were investigated by means of fluorescence intensity ratio and thermochromic techniques. Under 290 and 347 nm excitation, Y4GeO8:Bi3+,Eu3+ phosphor presents broadband emission from 3P1 → 1S0 transition of Bi3+ ions and characteristic emission peaks from 4f–4f transition of Eu3+ ions. Outstanding temperature‐sensing capabilities are acquired from Y4GeO8:Bi3+,Eu3+ phosphor. The maximum relative sensitivity (Sr) can attain 1.51% K−1 (λex = 290 nm). With temperature raising (303–513 K), the emitted color of Y4GeO8:Bi3+,Eu3+ phosphor (λex = 290 nm) shifts from faint yellow to red with a high chromaticity shift (0.180), which can be distinguished by the unaided eye clearly. Our results indicate that Y4GeO8:Bi3+,Eu3+ phosphor has potential applications in optical temperature measurement and high‐temperature safety marker.
A uniform rule between hardness and structure hierarchy of ceramics in both direct and inverse Hall–Petch regimes
Authors: Zheng Kaiwen , Huang Zhiheng , Jia Dechang , Lin Hua‐Tay , Wang Shuanjin , Xiao Min , Meng Yuezhong
Published: May 2023

The MicroStructure Hierarchy Descriptor (SHD) has built a bridge in linking the structure hierarchy and properties of ceramic materials. Here, a new variable , which stands for the average of scales present in a ceramic microstructure, based on the SHD, is constructed and calibrated. It is found that the is not only related to the size scales, but also the morphological features in microstructures, due to an inheritance from the SHD. The is positively linear correlated with the average grain size d, but the relationship changes to be nonlinear when the morphology of grains is considered. In the Hall–Petch regime, the Vickers hardness HV of both, ZrO2–SiC composite ceramics and a class of high entropy metallic borides, is found to increase with the decrease of index. For the case study of ZrO2 ceramic, a uniform rule is found to be valid in both the direct and inverse Hall–Petch regimes that the varies in an opposite trend as the HV varies with d.
Integration of molecular docking, molecular dynamics and network pharmacology to explore the multi‐target pharmacology of fenugreek against diabetes
Authors: Luo Wenfeng , Deng Jie , He Jiecheng , Yin Liang , You Rong , Zhang Lingkun , Shen Jian , Han Zeping , Xie Fangmei , He Jinhua , Guan Yanqing
Published: May 2023

Fenugreek is an ancient herb that has been used for centuries to treat diabetes. However, how the fenugreek‐derived chemical compounds work in treating diabetes remains unclarified. Herein, we integrate molecular docking and network pharmacology to elucidate the active constituents and potential mechanisms of fenugreek against diabetes. First, 19 active compounds from fenugreek and 71 key diabetes‐related targets were identified through network pharmacology analysis. Then, molecular docking and simulations results suggest diosgenin, luteolin and quercetin against diabetes via regulation of the genes ESR1, CAV1, VEGFA, TP53, CAT, AKT1, IL6 and IL1. These compounds and genes may be key factors of fenugreek in treating diabetes. Cells results demonstrate that fenugreek has good biological safety and can effectively improve the glucose consumption of IR‐HepG2 cells. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the anti‐diabetic effect of fenugreek was regulated by the AGE‐RAGE and NF‐κB signalling pathways. It is mainly associated with anti‐oxidative stress, anti‐inflammatory response and β‐cell protection. Our study identified the active constituents and potential signalling pathways involved in the anti‐diabetic effect of fenugreek. These findings provide a theoretical basis for understanding the mechanism of the anti‐diabetic effect of fenugreek. Finally, this study may help for developing anti‐diabetic dietary supplements or drugs based on fenugreek.
The effect of mutational robustness on the evolvability of multicellular organisms and eukaryotic cells
Authors: Jiang Pengyao , Kreitman Martin , Reinitz John
Published: May 2023

Canalization involves mutational robustness, the lack of phenotypic change as a result of genetic mutations. Given the large divergence in phenotype across species, understanding the relationship between high robustness and evolvability has been of interest to both theorists and experimentalists. Although canalization was originally proposed in the context of multicellular organisms, the effect of multicellularity and other classes of hierarchical organization on evolvability has not been considered by theoreticians. We address this issue using a Boolean population model with explicit representation of an environment in which individuals with explicit genotype and a hierarchical phenotype representing multicellularity evolve. Robustness is described by a single real number between zero and one which emerges from the genotype–phenotype map. We find that high robustness is favoured in constant environments, and lower robustness is favoured after environmental change. Multicellularity and hierarchical organization severely constrain robustness: peak evolvability occurs at an absolute level of robustness of about 0.99 compared with values of about 0.5 in a classical neutral network model. These constraints result in a sharp peak of evolvability in which the maximum is set by the fact that the fixation of adaptive mutations becomes more improbable as robustness decreases. When robustness is put under genetic control, robustness levels leading to maximum evolvability are selected for, but maximal relative fitness appears to require recombination.

Abstract

An overview of the theoretical model which explores the effect of mutational robustness on evolution under constraints from multicellularity and other hierarchical organization.
Nutritional, sensory, and storage evaluation of Indian flatbread supplemented with quinoa and pearl millet flour
Authors: Kaur Jagbir , Dhillon Gurpreet Kaur , Mahajan Monika
Published: May 2023

The purpose of present study is to develop a nutritionally enriched Indian flatbread using nutritionally balanced crops. In this study, the whole wheat meal was used as a control and in formulations it was supplemented with quinoa (10%–40%), pearl millet (15%), and potato (5%) flour. The prepared formulations were evaluated for their chemical, physical, microstructural, texture, pasting, and sensory properties. Further, the shelf life of partially baked and packed flatbread at low temperature was also studied. The protein content of formulated flatbread increased from 7.30% to 8.12% with increase in percentage of quinoa flour from 10% to 40%. The pasting properties of composite flour showed a significant (p < .05) reduction in peak, breakdown, trough, final, and setback viscosities. However, change in pasting behavior had no significant effect on dough handling, and the composite dough was smooth and sticky, and flatbread made with up to 30% quinoa flour showed full puffing. Color attributes of enriched flatbread showed a darker color than control, however, it was preferred by the panelists up to the optimum level of 30% quinoa flour. Scanning electron microscopy results indicated that the addition of quinoa and pearl millet flour destroyed the gluten network structure in the dough. Storage studies indicated shelf life of 10 days of partially baked and packed flatbread in a refrigerator freezer. The flatbread with formulation containing 50% whole wheat meal, 30% quinoa flour, 15% pearl millet flour, and 5% potato flour was found to be overall accepted by the consumer.

Practical Applications

The present study will lead to the development of nutritional and functional composite flatbread that will open up a new venture for utilizing quinoa and pearl millet flour for reducing malnutrition in developing countries.
The Effects of Latitude and Temperate Weather on Vitamin D Deficiency and Women's Reproductive Health: A Scoping Review
Authors: Vergara‐Maldonado Cynthia , Urdaneta‐Machado José Ramon
Published: May 2023

Introduction

We conducted a scoping review to analyze the effects and implications of vitamin D deficiency on female reproductive health during the last decade, considering temperate planetary zones and climate change impacts.

Methods

We used a qualitative methodology for a panoramic database review of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus covering articles from the last decade focused on populations living at latitudes higher than 40° N and 40° S. As descriptors, we used the phrases climate change, cholecalciferol or vitamin d3, pregnancy, and woman health and the Boolean operators AND and OR. We excluded letters to the editor, reviews, protocols, and clinical trials without human participants, as well as duplicate articles.

Results

We included 35 studies in English, the majority of which were from North America or Europe. No studies were found from the Southern Hemisphere or having any direct relation with climate change, although studies demonstrated that latitude and environmental factors affected vitamin D deficiency, which had an impact on pregnant women and their children. Supplementation guidelines were not well developed, and there was a lack of studies among at‐risk groups of women (eg, darker skin, higher latitudes, immigrants) across the life span.

Discussion

Vitamin D deficiency is a global environmental problem that affects female reproductive health and depends on multiple environmental factors and human behavior. Therefore, we recommend consideration of environmental and sociocultural factors in public policy and clinical research and more research on the effectiveness of supplementation and fortification strategies. Health care professionals working in reproductive health need to generate actions for detection of, education on, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency among women across their life spans, considering the multicausality of the phenomenon, which includes environmental and climate factors in population health.
Effects of Climate Change and Air Pollution on Perinatal Health
Authors: Sanders Bethany , Davis Melissa
Published: May 2023

Climate change is often framed as an environmental concern; however, the burning of fossil fuels both directly and indirectly impacts air quality and, thus, human health. Gas byproducts of combustion lead to increased levels of atmospheric ozone and carbon dioxide, which in turn elevate surface temperatures of the earth. This process exposes individuals to respiratory irritants and contributes to increased frequency of natural disasters such as wildfires, negatively impacting respiratory health. Normal physiologic changes in the respiratory system make pregnant people particularly vulnerable to the effects of air pollution. Asthma and allergic rhinitis are 2 common respiratory diseases that can be triggered by poor air quality. Solutions to limit the impact of climate change on respiratory disease include risk mitigation and reduction of fossil fuel consumption on individual, organization, and community levels. Midwives are well positioned as clinicians to educate people about individual strategies to reduce environmental exposure to respiratory irritants and advocate for policy changes to limit future health effects of climate change.
30 years of exchange rate analysis and forecasting: A bibliometric review
Authors: Fang Siran , Wei Yunjie , Wang Shouyang
Published: May 2023

Due to the strong nonlinearity and high complexity of foreign exchange rate data, how best to accurately analyze their trends and forecast them is regarded as a challenging research topic. While such research has developed rapidly and a large number of publications have appeared, few programmatic quantitative and qualitative overviews have been compiled in the field of exchange rate. By integrating bibliometric methods with network visualization based on CiteSpace software, this study analyzed 4999 publications of exchange rate research from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection database during 1992 to 2021. The study summarizes the major development in exchange rate determination since Meese‐Rogoff puzzle, from New Open‐Economy Macroeconomics (NOEM) and the Foreign Exchange Market Micro‐Structure Hypotheses, to determination model based on relationship between exchange rate and commodity price. Through the study's statistical analysis, co‐occurrence, co‐citation, and co‐keywords analysis, the influential authors, research institutions, countries and regions, journals, research hotspots, and future trends in the field of exchange rate are intellectually identified over the past 30 years. As a complement to existing literature, this paper provides theoretical and practical reference for researchers and practitioners in the field of exchange rate.
Efficacy of octreotide to reduce lymphorrhea and prevent lymphocele after pelvic lymph node excision in gynecological malignancies
Authors: Gao Lingling , Wang Siying , Xu Jianbo , Lu Dan
Published: May 2023

Aim

To study the efficacy of octreotide to reduce lymphorrhea and prevent lymphocele after pelvic lymph node excision in gynecological malignancies.

Methods

Patients with more than 200 mL of lymph drained per day until postoperative day 3 after pelvic lymph node excision were enrolled. Of the 75 patients, 36 were managed by conservative methods without the injection of octreotide, and the other 39 patients were treated with the injection of octreotide. The treated group was injected with 0.1 mg octreotide q8h for 5 days, starting on postoperative day 3. The drainage tube was removed when the amount of drained lymph decreased to 100 mL per day. The age, BMI, operation time, removed lymph nodes, amount of lymph, duration of drain placement, proportion of patients with lymphocele and complications between these two group were compared.

Results

The total and mean daily amount of lymph produced per patient was significantly lower in the octreotide‐treated group than in the untreated group. The duration of drain placement was shorter in the octreotide group than in the untreated group. The proportion of patients with lymphocele in the treatment group was lower than that in the untreated group.

Conclusions

The injection of octreotide is effective to reduce lymphorrhea and prevent lymphocele after pelvic lymph node excision in gynecological malignancies.
The age‐dependent association of Life's Simple 7 with transitions across cognitive states after age 60
Authors: Xia Xin , Qiu Chengxuan , Rizzuto Debora , Grande Giulia , Laukka Erika J. , Fratiglioni Laura , Guo Jie , Vetrano Davide L.
Published: May 2023

Background

Life's Simple 7 (LS7) aims to promote ideal cardiovascular health (CVH). Its association with different cognitive states in the older old is unclear.

Objectives

To assess the associations of LS7 with transitions across normal cognition, cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND), and dementia and evaluate cognitive impairment‐free years of life by LS7‐defined CVH levels in older adults.

Methods

This cohort study included 2746 participants from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen, regularly examined over 15 years. Total LS7 scores were created and dichotomized into worse and better CVH categories. The associations of LS7 total scores and CVH categories with cognitive states were assessed with multistate models in the whole sample and in younger old (<78 years) and older old adults (≥78 years) separately. Cognitive impairment‐free life years by CVH categories were then predicted.

Results

A 1‐point increment in the LS7 total score was associated with lower dementia risk in younger old adults (hazard ratio: 0.87 [0.78–0.97]) but not in older old adults (1.04 [0.97–1.13]). Better CVH was also associated with a lower risk of transition from normal cognition to CIND (0.76 [0.61–0.95]) and from normal cognition to dementia (0.42 [0.21–0.82]) in younger old adults. In younger old adults, those with better CVH were predicted to have two‐to‐three more cognitive impairment‐free life years than those with worse CVH.

Conclusion

Maintaining LS7‐defined ideal CVH seems relevant in younger old adults but not in older old adults when considering the potential protective effects against cognitive impairment.
How Professionals Adapt to Artificial Intelligence: The Role of Intertwined Boundary Work
Authors: Faulconbridge James , Sarwar Atif , Spring Martin
Published: May 2023

The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has generated extensive debates about the future of work in the professions. However, few studies take account of the potential for AI's disruptive effects to trigger robust defence by professionals of their interests and resources. By examining the adoption of AI in accounting and law professional service firms (PSFs), we show how professionals respond through intertwined boundary work, this being the process by which professionals respond to disruptions and protect interests and resources by engaging in multiple interdependent modes of boundary work. We also examine the way professionals collaborate with other groups as part of intertwined boundary work, and the implications for some key features of PSF organization. Our study reveals that the responses of professionals to AI are leading to new types of professional work and services. This means that rather than spelling the ‘end of the professions’, AI is leading to reconfigured forms of professional activity, jurisdiction, and PSFs.
Personality, psychosocial and oral behavioural risk factors for temporomandibular disorder symptoms in Asian young adults
Authors: Yap Adrian Ujin , Marpaung Carolina
Published: May 2023

Background

The relation between personality, psychosocial factors, somatisation, andoral behaviours as risk factors to temporomandibular disorder symptoms have notbeen well established.

Objectives

This study examined the association of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) symptoms with personality traits, psychological distress, somatisation and oral behaviours. The psychosocial and oral behavioural risk factors for TMD symptoms were also established in Asian young adults.

Methods

Participants were recruited from a large private University. Based on the quintessential five TMD symptoms (5Ts) of the DC/TMD, the participants were stratified into those with no (NT), painful (PT), dysfunctional (DT) and mixed (MT) TMD symptoms. Personality traits, psychological distress, somatisation and oral behaviours were evaluated with the Big Five Inventory‐10 (BFI‐10), Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales‐21 (DASS‐21), Patient Health Questionnaire‐15 (PHQ‐15) and Oral Behaviours Checklist (OBC) accordingly. Data were examined using Kruskal–Wallis/Mann–Whitney U and Chi‐squared tests, as well as multivariate logistic regression analysis (α = .05).

Results

Of the 420 young adults (mean age 22.7 ± 1.1 years) evaluated, 41.4% had no TMD symptoms, while 17.4%, 20.0% and 21.2% reported PT, DT and MT, respectively. Though personality traits did not vary notably, participants with MT and PT had significantly higher levels of negative affectivity, anxiety and stress than the NT group. Moreover, those with MT and PT presented significantly greater somatisation and more oral behaviours than the DT and NT groups. Multivariate regression analyses indicated that anxiety, somatisation, sleep‐related and waking‐state nonfunctional oral activities were associated with painful and/or dysfunctional TMD symptoms.

Conclusions

Except for sleep‐related oral activity, psychosocial and oral behavioural risk factors differed for painful, dysfunctional and mixed TMD symptoms in Asian young adults.
Rethinking Adolescent School Nutrition Education Through a Food Systems Lens
Authors: Miller Margaret , Barwood Donna , Devine Amanda , Boston Julie , Smith Sandra , Masek Martin
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

Obesity‐driven nutrition education in schools does not appear to result in healthier adolescent food choices. This study explored food systems as an alternative pedagogical approach to engage students in nutrition education.

METHODS

After playing a food systems computer game, 250 13‐ to 16‐year‐old students in 5 Western Australian secondary schools, participated in group discussions to distinguish learning and interests in food systems. Discussion records were thematically coded using constant comparative analysis.

RESULTS

Students reported crop growth, food production and food waste, healthier food choices, and food systems as knowledge outcomes of game play. They requested additional content on food production, costing, handling, processing, and accessing local produce. Experiential activities were preferred pedagogical approaches.

CONCLUSIONS

Cross‐curricular pedagogy which embraces human and planetary health through a food systems lens, can engage adolescents in nutrition education. Transformational computer games are effective to engage, educate and stimulate inquiry in food systems education.
When I say… appreciative inquiry
Authors: Kumar Bharat , Suneja Manish , Swee Melissa
Published: May 2023

Kumar et al. outline defining characteristics of Apprecative Inquiry, a framework based on positive psychology principles that yields great promise in medical education.
Performing national identities in everyday life: Popular motivations and national indifference in 19th‐century Amsterdam
Authors: Petterson Anne
Published: May 2023

This article demonstrates how and when the nation—whether in the shape of concrete national symbols or as an abstract frame of reference—became relevant to ordinary people. It focuses on the experiences and activities of Amsterdam citizens in the second half of the 19th century. Central to the analysis is the apparent contradiction between ‘banal’ or ‘everyday nationalism’, in which nationalist symbols and rhetoric appeared to successfully reach their audience because of their omnipresence in daily life, and ‘national indifference’, as referring to the absence of national identification among the masses. It argues that in order to overcome the dichotomies between elites and masses and national and non‐national performances, we should focus on the popular incentives for national identification, rather than on the ideological content and the (physical or symbolic) borders of the national community.
Possibilities and pitfalls of the concept of national indifference
Authors: Van Ginderachter Maarten
Published: May 2023

This introduction to the themed section ‘The history of national indifference. A critical appraisal’ explores the challenges and possibilities of the concept of national indifference. It starts from the premise that national indifference remains a very useful concept to avoid falling into teleological narratives of nationalism. The central argument is that national indifference needs to be theorized as a non‐binary, relative concept that is not the complete opposite of national identification. Indeed, the contributions show that national indifference has gradations and can coexist with explicit, banal or everyday forms of nationalism, both among elites and ordinary people, both in and outside of East Central Europe, both before and after the Two World Wars. This central argument results from an engagement with three areas of debate surrounding the national indifference literature, which all relate to its (inadvertent) reproduction of binary understandings of nationalism: the dichotomous conceptualization of east versus west, nationalisation versus non‐nationalisation and elites versus masses.
Varieties of nationalism in the political discourses of Habsburg Austria
Authors: Decker Philipp
Published: May 2023

Nationalism in the Habsburg Empire is traditionally viewed through an ethnic lens. Despite a growing literature on ‘national indifference’ that studies nationalism in Habsburg central Europe from a constructivist perspective and advances our knowledge concerning variations in national identifications, the nationalism implied in these works remains largely limited to an exclusionary ethnic type. This reductionist view of central European nationalism mirrors the traditional dichotomy of ethnic ‘Eastern’ versus civic ‘Western’ nationalism. In order to avoid this reduction, this article approaches nationalism as a thin‐centred ideology and explores varieties of nationalism in Habsburg Austria during the long 19th century. Although certain ideational paths made ethno‐nationalism appear, retrospectively, as a quasi‐natural feature of central Europe, the findings show that there developed rival discursive traditions of nationalism and competing representations of nation.
Tangible belonging and national indifference: Being German in interwar Hungary1
Authors: Swanson John C.
Published: May 2023

Building on arguments from my book Tangible Belonging: Negotiating Germanness in Twentieth‐Century Hungary, this article examines the sense of ‘being German’ in Hungarian‐German villages in interwar Hungary. The basic argument is that rural dwellers possessed a kind of tangible belonging (a tangible sense of being German, in this case) defined by the immediate world around them and that this tangible belonging was continually in negotiations with other constituencies trying to define Germanness, such as Reich Germans, Hungarian‐German leaders, and the Hungarian state as well as other Hungarians. This article also engages with the concept of national indifference, which has become a very common catchphrase in explanations concerning belonging in East Central Europe, especially in borderland regions and on the margins of states.
Pitfalls in the diagnosis of post‐TAVI (transcatheter aortic valve implantation) stroke
Authors: Miyata Takahiro , Yashima Fumiaki , Ichikawa Takaki , Saito Katsuya , Inamasu Joji
Published: May 2023

Stroke is an infrequent yet well‐known complication of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). While mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is a useful rescue procedure in patients with symptomatic post‐TAVI stroke, it should be reminded that embolic materials derived from degenerated aortic valve have heterogeneities. We describe a case of post‐TAVI stroke in which a calcified debris caused embolic occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery. The calcified embolus eluded detection on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which might have been responsible, at least in part, for unsuccessful MT. Formation of calcified debris may not be rare after TAVI, and therefore, brain CT may be given priority as an imaging modality in the initial evaluation of patients suspected of post‐TAVI stroke.
A new species of Pluteus sect. Celluloderma from Kerala State, India
Authors: Keerthi V. , Pradeep C. K.
Published: May 2023

A new species of Pluteus has been identified from Kerala State, India based on morphological and molecular (nrITS) characters. This new species, here described as Pluteus fuscopunctatus, has medium‐sized basidiomata, brown pruinose pileus and stipe, globose to subglobose basidiospores, fusiform cheilocystidia, broadly lageniform pleurocystidia, pileipellis of a transitional mixed type epithelium, abundant versiform caulocystidia and lack clamp connections in all tissues. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the novelty of the species and its placement in Pluteus sect. Celluloderma.
A broader flight season for Norway's Odonata across a century and a half
Authors: Patten Michael A. , Benson Brittany Rae
Published: May 2023

As global climate continues to change, so too will phenology of a wide range of insects. Changes in flight season usually are characterised as shifts to earlier dates or means, with attention less often paid to flight season breadth or whether seasons are now skewed. We amassed flight season data for the insect order Odonata, the dragonflies and damselflies, for Norway over the past century‐and‐a‐half to examine the form of flight season change. By means of Bayesian analyses that incorporated uncertainty relative to annual variability in survey effort, we estimated shifts in flight season mean, breadth, and skew. We focussed on flight season breadth, positing that it will track documented growing season expansion. A specific mechanism explored was shifts in voltinism, the number of generations per year, which tends to increase with warming. We found strong evidence for an increase in flight season breadth but much less for a shift in mean, with any shift of the latter tending toward a later mean. Skew has become rightward for suborder Zygoptera, the damselflies, but not for Anisoptera, the dragonflies, or for the Odonata as a whole. We found weak support for voltinism as a predictor of broader flight season; instead, voltinism acted interactively with use of human‐modified habitats, including decrease in shading (e.g. from timber extraction). Other potential mechanisms that link warming with broadening of flight season include protracted emergence and cohort splitting, both of which have been documented in the Odonata. It is likely that warming‐induced broadening of flight seasons of these widespread insect predators will have wide‐ranging consequences for freshwater ecosystems.
Allometry of sodium requirements and mineral lick use among herbivorous mammals
Authors: Duvall Ethan S. , Griffiths Brian M. , Clauss Marcus , Abraham Andrew J.
Published: May 2023

Sodium (Na) plays a critical role in the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. In Na‐poor regions, plant consumers may experience Na deficiency and adapt by seeking supplementary Na resources. This can markedly impact animal behavior, space‐use, and co‐existence, with concomitant impacts on ecosystems. Many studies have noted that Na‐seeking behaviors, such as soil consumption from mineral licks, are predominately observed for larger‐bodied herbivores. However, the mechanisms that drive interspecific variation in Na deficiency and mineral lick use remain poorly understood. Here, we examine whether allometric scaling of Na requirements can explain variation in mineral lick use by herbivorous and omnivorous mammals. We 1) collated data from published literature to derive an allometric scaling of Na requirements in mammals, 2) compared predicted Na requirements to estimated Na intake of mammal communities in three globally distant sites: the Peruvian Amazon, Kalahari Desert, and Malaysian Borneo and 3) examined the relationship between predicted Na deficiency and mineral lick use utilizing camera‐trap and mammal abundance data at each site. We found that minimum daily Na maintenance requirements in mammals scaled allometrically at a higher factor (BM0.91 (CI: 0.80–1.0)) than that of food and water Na intake (BM0.71–0.79), indicating that larger species may be more susceptible to Na limitation. This aligned with a positive association between mineral lick use and body mass (BM), as well as Na deficiency, by species at all sites, and increased artificial salt and mineral lick consumption by larger‐bodied mammals in the Kalahari. Our results suggest that larger herbivores may be more sensitive to anthropogenic impacts to Na availability, which may alter their functional roles in ecosystems, particularly in Na‐poor regions. Further research is needed to explore the consequences of changing Na availability on animals and ecosystems, as well as advance our understanding of Na physiology in mammals.
Research focuses and trends in third molar: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Al‐Moraissi Essam Ahmed , Galab Amran Abdullah , Grillo Ricardo , Ho Yuh‐Shan
Published: May 2023

Aim

The authors conducted a bibliometric analysis to quantitatively assess the current research trend, performance and focus over the last 30 years in third molars surgery.

Materials and Method

The data used in this study comes from the Clarivate Analytics Web of Science Core Collection, the online version of the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI‐EXPANDED) (data updated on 22 March 2022). The extraction was conducted according to TOPIC (title, abstract, author keywords and KeyWords Plus) from 1991 to 2020.

Results

During a period of 30 years, a total of 6569 publications were found within 15 document types published in SCI‐EXPANDED. Article types (88%) were published mostly frequently and had the most citations per publication, followed by review articles (3.9%). The top three publication countries were the USA, Brazil and the UK. Forty‐four percent of the articles were inter‐institutionally collaborative articles. Twenty percent of the articles were internationally collaborative articles. The most productive institutes over the past three decades have been the University of São Paulo (Brazil), followed by the University of Campinas (Brazil) and the University of North Carolina (USA). Keywords can be considered very helpful in article dissemination.

Conclusion

The present bibliometric analysis showed that articles published by international collaborative authors had the highest citations and there was no association between the number of citations and the quality of published articles on third molars. Identifying future research directions based on a bibliometric analysis of the characteristics of available literature in a field reduces the error margin and thus improves decision‐making.
Seeing the nudge from the trees: The 4S framework for evaluating nudges
Authors: Mills Stuart , Whittle Richard
Published: May 2023

Nudging is a popular and influential approach in policymaking. Yet, it has faced substantial criticism from several policy perspectives, with growing concern raised about the efficacy of some nudge interventions. This article offers an evaluative framework for nudging which captures these various perspectives. Our 4S framework highlights the importance of nudges being sufficient, scalable, and subjective, in addition to being statistically significant, to be an effective policy response. We review various nudge interventions, coupled with various methodological critiques, to demonstrate the need for a more expansive evaluative framework. The 4S framework synthesizes these sizeable literatures and numerous critiques to meet this need, serving as an important contribution to behavioral policymakers. We argue that the 4S framework complements existing frameworks for designing behavioral interventions as an evaluative framework. By adopting the 4S framework, policymakers will be better placed to design interventions which are effective in relation to the wider policy environment.
People act extremely toward their amorous partner when they feel insignificant
Authors: Contu Federico , Ellenberg Molly , Kruglanski Arie W. , Pierro Antonio
Published: May 2023

Drawing on significance quest theory, we hypothesized that when people in romantic relationships experience a general feeling of significance loss, they should develop an obsessive passion toward their partner, which in turn should enhance their willingness to act in an extreme manner to maintain their relationship (i.e., their remaining source of significance). To test this hypothesis, we ran two cross‐sectional studies and a longitudinal one. The first operationalized extreme behaviors through self‐sacrifice. The second considered obsessive relational intrusion (ORI) to be an example of extreme behavior. The third study tested whether the consequentiality among variables we considered was that hypothesized and ensured that the hypothesized model remained consistent also while considering the possible overlap between significance loss (i.e., quest for significance) and low self‐esteem. Results confirmed our hypothesis, suggesting that love, amorous relationships, and romantic partners are perceived as fruitful in maintaining or restoring one's personal sense of significance. Notably, this research represents one of the first applications of both the significance quest theory and, secondarily, the theory of motivational imbalance, to the context of romantic relationships.
Photobiomodulation effects of pulsed and continuous wave near‐infrared laser on the proliferation and migration of human gingival fibroblasts: An in vitro study
Authors: Khalaj Saina , Iranpour Babak , Hodjat Mahshid , Azizi Arash , Kharazifard Mohammad Javad , Hakimiha Neda
Published: May 2023

There are limited data on comparison of pulsed and continuous wave in photobiomodulation therapy (PBM). This study aimed to investigate the effect of PBM with 980 nm laser in pulsed and continuous wave on the proliferation and migration of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) cells. Cultured HGF were divided into three main groups: (1) irradiated in pulsed mode (frequencies of 50 and 25 KHz; energy densities of 3 and 5 J/cm2), (2) irradiated in continuous mode (energy densities of 3.2 and 5.2 J/cm2), and (3) no irradiation as control group. HGF proliferation rate was measured by MTT assay at 24, 48, and 72 h post irradiation. In addition, HGF migration rate was measured by scratch test at 24 h post PBM. At 24 h, the group received continuous irradiation at 5.2 J/cm2 showed significantly higher proliferation compared with the control group (p = 0.012). At 48 and 72 h, the groups received continuous, and 50 Hz pulsed irradiation at energy densities of 5.2 and 5 J/cm2 respectively, had significantly higher HGF proliferation rates compared to the control (p < 0.05). Only the continuous irradiations were effective in significant increase of the cell migration. In conclusion, continuous PBM at energy density of 5.2 J/cm2 showed promising effect on HGF proliferation and migration.
Recognition of the HLA‐A*02:570:01 allele in Taiwanese individuals
Authors: Yang Kuo‐Liang , Lin Py‐Yu
Published: May 2023

Two nucleotide substitutions in codon 24 of HLA‐A*02:01:01:01 result in a novel allele HLA‐A*02:570:01.
GIS‐based spatiotemporal analysis of forest fires in Turkey from 2010 to 2020
Authors: Memisoglu Baykal Tugba
Published: May 2023

Forests are essential in contributing to the continuity of the natural balance. Therefore, their protection and sustainability are vital. However, all over the world, forest fires occur, and forests are destroyed due to both human factors and unknown causes. It is necessary to carry out studies to prevent this destruction. At this point, GIS‐based location–time relationship‐based hot spot clustering analysis can provide significant advantages in detecting risky spots of forest fires. In this study, GIS‐based emerging hot spot clustering analysis was carried out to determine the risky areas where forest fires will occur and to carry out preventive studies in the relevant areas. Turkey was chosen as the pilot region, and analyses were carried out using the data obtained from the official statistics of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry General Directorate of Forestry according to the causes of the fires (negligence, intentional, accidental, unknown cause and natural) between the years 2010 and 2020. Spatial autocorrelation analysis was conducted for each fire type, and threshold distances were determined {with a number of distance bands = 20,000, distant increment = 10,000}. Emerging hot spot analyses were then conducted, and the results were presented as maps and statistical outputs. According to all fire types, 15 new hot spots, 14 persistent hot spots, 33 sporadic hot spots, 9 consecutive hot spots, 15 intensifying, and 2 diminishing hot spot regions were obtained throughout the country.
Epidemiology, management, and burden of cytomegalovirus in solid organ transplant recipients in selected countries outside of Europe and North America: A systematic review
Authors: Silva Junior Helio Tedesco , Tokat Yaman , Cai Jinzhen , Singh Inderjeet , Sandhu Anudeep , Demuth Dirk , Kim Jongman
Published: May 2023

Background

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a frequent infectious complication following solid organ transplantation (SOT). Considering significant differences in healthcare systems, a systematic review was conducted to describe the epidemiology, management, and burden of CMV post‐SOT in selected countries outside of Europe and North America.

Methods

MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for observational studies in SOT recipients across 15 countries in the regions of Asia, Pacific, and Latin America (search period: January 1, 2011 to September 17, 2021). Outcomes included incidence of CMV infection/disease, recurrence, risk factors, CMV‐related mortality, treatment patterns and guidelines, refractory and/or resistant CMV, patient‐reported outcomes, and economic burden.

Results

Of 2708 studies identified, 49 were eligible (n = 43/49; 87.8% in adults; n = 34/49, 69.4% in kidney recipients). Across studies, selection of CMV preventive strategy was based on CMV serostatus. Overall, rates of CMV infection (within 1 year) and CMV disease post‐SOT were respectively, 10.3%–63.2% (9 studies) and 0%–19.0% (17 studies). Recurrence occurred in 35.4%–41.0% cases (3 studies) and up to 5.3% recipients died of CMV‐associated causes (11 studies). Conventional treatments for CMV infection/disease included ganciclovir (GCV) or valganciclovir. Up to 4.4% patients were resistant to treatment (3 studies); no studies reported on refractory CMV. Treatment‐related adverse events with GCV included neutropenia (2%–29%), anemia (13%–48%), leukopenia (11%–37%), and thrombocytopenia (13%–24%). Data on economic burden were scarce.

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Conclusion

Outside of North America and Europe, rates of CMV infection/disease post‐SOT are highly variable and CMV recurrence is frequent. CMV resistance and treatment‐associated adverse events, including myelosuppression, highlight unmet needs with conventional therapy.