bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerases (PARPs) and PARP Inhibitor-Targeted Therapeutics
Authors: Li Nan , Wang Yifan , Deng Weiye , Lin Steven H.
Published: November 2018

Background:

Poly-ADP-ribosylation, that is, adding ADP-ribose moieties to a protein, is a unique type of protein post-translational modification that regulates various cellular processes such as DNA repair, mitosis, transcription, and cell growth. Small-molecule inhibitors of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) have been developed as anticancer agents because inhibition of PARP enzymes may be a synthetic lethal strategy for cancers with or BRCA2 mutations. However, there are still questions surrounding PARP inhibitors.

Methods/Results:

Data were collected from Pubmed, Medline, through searching of these keywords: “PARP”, “BRCA”, “Synthetic lethal” and “Tankyrase inhibitors”. We describe the current knowledge of PARP inhibition and its effects on DNA damage; mechanisms of resistance to PARP inhibitors; the evolution of PARP inhibitors; and the potential use of PARP5a/b (tankyrases) inhibitors in cancer treatment.

Conclusion:

PARP inhibitors are already showing promise as therapeutic tools, especially in the management of BRCA-mutated breast and ovarian cancers but also in tumors with dysfunctional BRCA genes. Small-molecule tankyrase inhibitors are important for increasing our understanding of tankyrase biology.
Gender Moderates the Partial Mediation of Impulsivity in the Relationship Between Psychiatric Distress and Problematic Online Gaming: Online Survey
Authors: Su Wenliang , Király Orsolya , Demetrovics Zsolt , Potenza Marc N
Published: November 2018

Background

Research has shown that some individuals can develop problematic patterns of online gaming, leading to significant psychological and interpersonal problems. Psychiatric distress and impulsivity have been suggested to contribute to problematic online gaming (POG).

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the potential mediating or moderating mechanisms of impulsivity and gender-related differences in possible associations between psychiatric distress and POG.

Methods

A total of 596 matched female and male participants, ranging in age from 14 to 38 years (mean 21.4, SD 4.5), were chosen from a large cross-sectional, nationwide Hungarian online gaming sample. Participants completed online questionnaires about self-reported impulsivity, psychiatric distress, and POG.

Results

Psychiatric distress directly predicted POG, and impulsivity partially mediated the relationship between psychiatric distress and POG. However, this mediation effect was found only for the impatience factor of impulsivity. Impulsivity did not moderate the relationship between psychiatric distress and POG. A moderating effect of gender was not found in the direct relationship between psychiatric distress and POG. However, a moderated mediation analysis revealed that impatience mediated the association between psychiatric distress and POG in males, whereas the indirect effect of impatience was not significant in females.

Conclusions

The results of this work highlight gender-related difference among online gamers in the mediation effect of impulsivity between psychiatric distress and POG and provide novel insights regarding clinical implications for preventing or treating POG.
Believing Is Seeing: A Proof-of-Concept Semiexperimental Study on Using Mobile Virtual Reality to Boost the Effects of Interpretation Bias Modification for Anxiety
Authors: Otkhmezuri Boris , Boffo Marilisa , Siriaraya Panote , Matsangidou Maria , Wiers Reinout W , Mackintosh Bundy , Ang Chee Siang , Salemink Elske
Published: November 2018

Background

Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretations (CBM-I) is a computerized intervention designed to change negatively biased interpretations of ambiguous information, which underlie and reinforce anxiety. The repetitive and monotonous features of CBM-I can negatively impact training adherence and learning processes.

Objective

This proof-of-concept study aimed to examine whether performing a CBM-I training using mobile virtual reality technology (virtual reality Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretations [VR-CBM-I]) improves training experience and effectiveness.

Methods

A total of 42 students high in trait anxiety completed 1 session of either VR-CBM-I or standard CBM-I training for performance anxiety. Participants’ feelings of immersion and presence, emotional reactivity to a stressor, and changes in interpretation bias and state anxiety, were assessed.

Results

The VR-CBM-I resulted in greater feelings of presence (P<.001, d=1.47) and immersion (P<.001, ηp2=0.74) in the training scenarios and outperformed the standard training in effects on state anxiety (P<.001, ηp2=0.3) and emotional reactivity to a stressor (P=.03, ηp2=0.12). Both training varieties successfully increased the endorsement of positive interpretations (P<.001, drepeated measures [drm]=0.79) and decreased negative ones. (P<.001, drm=0.72). In addition, changes in the emotional outcomes were correlated with greater feelings of immersion and presence.

Conclusions

This study provided first evidence that (1) the putative working principles underlying CBM-I trainings can be translated into a virtual environment and (2) virtual reality holds promise as a tool to boost the effects of CMB-I training for highly anxious individuals while increasing users’ experience with the training application.
Correlation between Mitral Valve Area and Right Ventricle Function based on TAPSE (Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion) Parameter in Mitral Stenosis Patient
Authors: Zulfa Hashina , Maharani Erika , Mumpuni Hasanah
Published: November 2018

Background: Mitral stenosis is the most common mitral valve disease found in Indonesia. Mechanical obstruction of blood flow from left atrium to left ventricle is compensated by pressure elevation in the left atrium and pulmonary circulation. It leads to right ventricle dysfunction which can be scored using TAPSE (Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion) Parameter.Aim: The goal of this study is to assess the relationship between mitral valve area and right ventricle function based on TAPSE parameter in mitral stenosis patient.Methods: This study was conducted in Dr. Sardjito Hospital from May until July 2017. This was a part of mitral stenosis registry study. The parameter used was planimetry mitral valve area and TAPSE from echocardiography. The relationship between mitral valve area and TAPSE score we reanalyzed using Spearman correlation test in SPSS software.Results: The total sample included in this study was 132 people, consisted of thirty-eight (28.79%) males and ninety-four (71.21%) females. The range of the subjects’age was 18 68 year oldand the mean was 43.31±11.13 year old. The body mass index median was 21.24 (14.24–35.38) kg/m2. The subjects were dominated by severe degree mitral stenosis patients, those were ninety-three (70.45%) people, followed by moderate degree patients, those were thirty-two (24.24%) people, and mild degree patients, those were seven (5.30%) people. Twenty-eight (21.21%) people had isolated mitral stenosis. The mitral valve area median was 0.8 (0.27–1.90) cm2. The TAPSE score range was 6–30 mm and the mean was 17.48±4.58 mm. The result from Spearman correlation test showed that the relationship strength between mitral valve area and TAPSE score were very weak (r=0.167) with significant p-value (p=0.028).Conclusion: There is a statistically significant positive relationship with very weak strength between mitral valve area and TAPSE score as a right ventricle function parameter in mitral stenosis patients (r = 0.167, p = 0.028).
Synthesis of Amorphous Aluminosilicates from Bintan’s Red Mud as Alumina Source
Authors: Wulandari Futri , Ramdhani Eka Putra , Ni’mah Yatim Lailun , Dawam Ahmad Anwarud , Prasetyoko Didik
Published: November 2018

Red mud is a generated by-product in alumina production from bauxite ore. In this study, Bintan’s red mud has been used as alumina and silica source to synthesize amorphous mesoporous aluminosilicates material. Alkali fusion method with a NaOH/red mud ratio 0.8; 1.0; 1.2; 1.4 and 1.5 followed by hydrolysis method was used to extract dissolved alumina and silica from red mud. Synthesis of amorphous aluminosilicates by hydrothermal method was conducted at 80 °C for 24 h. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr) was added as the structure directing agent. Aluminosilicate products were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy (Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray Diffraction), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption. XRD and SEM result shows that the product was amorphous with low uniformity in terms of surface morphology and particle size. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption profile shows that all aluminosilicates products has a meso pore structure, confirmed by the highest pore distribution at 3.05–17.70 nm. The highest surface area and pore volume were obtained in ASM 0.8 (NaOH/red mud ratio = 0.8) i.e. 177.97 m2/g and 1.09 cm3/g, respectively.
Determination of Stevioside and Rebaudioside A in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni Leaves Using near Infrared Spectroscopy and Multivariate Data Analysis
Authors: Martono Yohanes , Trihandaru Suryasatriya , Rondonuwu Ferdy Semuel
Published: November 2018

Rebaudioside A and stevioside are abundant steviol glycoside contained in Stevia rebaudiana leaves. These components are widely used as a natural sweetener. The objective of this study was to develop rapid determination method of stevioside, and rebaudioside A in S. rebaudiana leaves using near infrared trans-reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with multivariate analysis. The reference method used was HPLC. A prediction model was developed using partial least square (PLS) regression. Calibration parameters were calculated based on a calibration set of various stevioside, rebaudioside A from 23 samples. Performance of PLS model was assessed in term of optimum determination coefficient (R2), and minimum root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSEV). Validation of PLS model was performed using cross-validation and leave one out calibration of PLS component. Rebaudioside A has well PLS model in wavenumber region of 4100–5100 cm-1, and stevioside determination using difference wavenumber region of 4760-5016 cm-1. PLS model for total (sum of stevioside and rebaudioside A content) was exploited in wavenumber region of 4568-4928 cm-1. NIRS in combination with multivariate data analysis of PLSR can be applied as a rapid method for determining rebaudioside A and the total amount of steviol glycosides in S. rebaudiana leaves.
PENGEMBANGAN EKOWISATA KAWASAN HUTAN DENGAN SKEMA HUTAN KEMASYARAKATAN DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA (Development of Forest Area Ecotourism with Community Forest Scheme in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta)
Authors: Dewi Indah Novita , Awang San Afri , Andayani Wahyu , Suryanto Priyono
Published: November 2018

AbstractPengembangan Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKm) oleh pemerintah bertujuan untuk pemberdayaan dan peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat. HKm dapat dilaksanakan di area hutan produksi maupun hutan lindung. Petani HKm hutan lindung harus dapat mengembangkan potensi selain hasil kayu, salah satunya potensi wisata. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap peluang dan tantangan pengembangan ekowisata di kawasan HKm hutan lindung di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian dilakukan tahun 2014 di kawasan HKm Kulon Progo maupun Gunungkidul. Data dikumpulkan melalui metode observasi dan wawancara. Data dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Peluang pengembangan ekowisata sangat besar karena areal HKm hutan lindung yang ada sudah memiliki potensi masing-masing. Di Gunungkidul, pengembangan ekowisata HKm dilakukan pada area Hutan Turunan/obyek wisata Watu Payung. Di Kulon Progo, pengembangan wisata di Kalibiru sudah menunjukkan hasil yang cukup baik dan ada beberapa embrio pengembangan ekowisata di lokasi Watu Gembel dan Puncak Dipowono. Seluruh obyek ekowisata tersebut mengandalkan potensi yang relatif hampir sama, yaitu pemandangan alam yang indah serta berbagai atraksi wisata lokal. Tantangan pada semua lokasi serupa, yaitu mencakup masalah finansial, infrastruktur dan kesiapan masyarakat setempat. AbstrakThe development of community forests (HKm) by the government aimed to empower and increase the income of forest communities. HKm can be undertaken in production forest or protect forest. The protect forest HKm farmer should have to improve forest’s potential besides wood potential. One of it was tourism potential. This article aims to reveal the opportunities and challenges of tourism development in the area of protected forest HKm in Yogyakarta. The research was done in 2014 at HKm area in Kulon Progo and Gunungkidul. Data were collected by observation and interview. Data were analysed by qualitative descriptive method. The results showed that ecotourism development opportunities are very large because each area HKm existing protected forest already has the potential of each. In Gunung Kidul, ecotourism development conducted in the area of Turunan Forest/Watu Payung. In Kulon Progo, tourism development in Kalibiru has shown good results and there are some new development of ecotourism in Watu Gembel and Peak Dipowono. The whole object was rely on beautiful natural landscape and numerous tourism local attraction. Challenges at all locations, include financial problems, infrastructure and readiness of local communities.
MEDICINAL PROPERTIES OF A GARDEN PLANT STROBILANTHES HAMILTONIANA (STEUD.) BOSSER AND HEINE
Authors: Alphons Baby Alby , Raphael K Regi
Published: November 2018

Background of the Study: Strobilanthes hamiltoniana (Steud.) Bosser and Heine (Acanthaceae) is commonly used in the traditional systems of medicine against helminthiasis and spider bite poison. The plant is known as a garden plant, and medicinal properties of this plant are not yet reported.Objectives: The present study gives a first insight of antimicrobial, anthelmintic, and antioxidant properties of S. hamiltoniana leaves.Methods: All the analysis was done according to standard protocols.Results: The ethanol extract of S. hamiltoniana produced significant antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties in a dose-dependent manner, which analyses its folk claim.Conclusion: This paper first reporting the medicinal properties of S. hamiltoniana leaves and the further procedures of identification and isolation of active principles is in progress.
HERBAL CONTRACEPTIVES: EVALUATION OF ANTIFERTILITY POTENTIAL OF HIBISCUS ROSA‑SINENSIS (LINN.)
Authors: Baghel Chauhan Shikha , Naved Tanveer
Published: November 2018

This review explores, evaluates, and analyzes the contraceptive potential of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. There are large numbers of synthetic contraceptives available in the market. These synthetic contraceptives are associated with many side effects ranging from user discomfort to toxicity. India is a land of traditional herbal medicines. People are finding and exploring the advantages associated with herbal contraceptives because of their lower side effects. Herbal contraceptives have lower cost of development as compared to modern medicine. This review explores the recent advances in development that offers many benefits for shifting the paradigm for herbal contraceptives. From times immemorial, references have been made for the plants that possess antifertility properties. This review explores the need for the development of herbal contraceptives from the plant H. rosa-sinensis L. H. rosa-sinensis L is reported to have antiovulatory activity. However, the need of the hour is to assess and carry out toxicological studies and initiate development activity for formulation development.
EVALUATION OF BIOACTIVITY OF JAGGERY PREPARED USING PLANT MUCILAGE AS CLARIFICANT
Authors: Nayaka Ma Harish , Chikkappaiah Lava , Ks Venkatesh , Bs Gunashree , S Sudharshan
Published: November 2018

Objective: The aim of the study was to prepare the jaggery using plant mucilage as clarificants and to evaluate the bioactivity of jaggery by determining total phenols, total flavonoids, reducing power, antibacterial activity, and antihelmintic activity.Methods: Jaggery was prepared from sugarcane variety Co-80632 using five plant mucilage as clarificants, namely Aloe vera, flax seeds, fenugreek, purslane, and malabar spinach at three different concentrations, i.e., 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4% of raw sugarcane juice. The characteristic bioactivities such as total phenol content by Folin–Ciocalteu method, flavonoids content by spectrophotometer method, reducing power assay by measuring the absorbance at 700 nm, antibacterial activity by well-diffusion method, and antihelmintic activity by in vitro were determined.Results: The highest total phenolic content was observed in jaggery prepared using plant mucilage clarificant of A. vera (JAV4 [3.68±0.02]) and Fenugreek seeds (JFG4 [3.61±0.02]) at 0.4% followed by them at 0.2% and 0.1% concentration, respectively. Similarly, a significant amount of total flavonoids content was elevated only in 0.4% plant mucilage clarificants of Aloe vera-treated experimental group jaggery (0.73±0.01) compared to control (0.61±0.02). Further, the antioxidant activity of jaggery was evaluated by reducing power. The increased absorbance at 700 nm indicated the presence of reducing power. At 10 mg/ml concentration, an absorbance unit of 1.93 and 1.80 was observed for jaggery prepared using 0.4% concentration of A. vera and fenugreek seed mucilage clarificants. Antihelmintic activity of jaggery showed dosage depended on the pattern where with the increase in the concentration of mucilage, the antihelmintic activity enhanced. A. vera mucilage showed maximum antihelmintic activity at 0.4% concentration with paralytic time (28.6 min) and death time (39.6 min).Conclusion: Jaggery prepared using plants mucilaginous clarificants is the richest source of polyphenols such as phenolic acids and flavonoids, thereby contributed to the enhancement of bioactivity such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and antihelmintic activity. Thus, jaggery prepared using plant mucilage as clarificants is a novel nutraceutical product which can supplement the nutrients along with various medicinal properties through antioxidant, antibacterial, and antihelmintic activity.
ECUADORIAN QUINOA (CHENOPODIUM QUINOA WILLD) FATTY ACIDS PROFILE
Authors: Jl Altuna , M Silva , M Álvarez , Mf Quinteros , D Morales , W Carrillo
Published: November 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the methyl esters fatty acids (FAMEs) profile of quinoa seeds (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) of a sample cultivated in Guaranda, Ecuador.Methods: Quinoa oil was obtained from quinoa seeds using the Soxhlet method. FAMEs identification and quantification were carried out using the gas chromatography (GC) with a mass spectrometry (MS), using the database Library NIST14.L to identify the fatty acids present in quinoa oil.Results: Quinoa oil from Ecuador was analyzed by GC-MS, to obtain four majoritarian fatty acids, palmitic acid (10.66%), oleic acid (24.70%), linoleic acid (62.47%), and linolenic acid (2.19%). Omega 6 was the most abundant fatty acid in quinoa oil. Quinoa oil has a good proportion of oleic acid and linoleic acid.Conclusions: Quinoa seeds present a good proportion of fatty acids. These seeds can be used in the food industry for different purposes to enjoy their fatty acids composition. Regular consumption of quinoa can improve health.
NATURAL BIOMATERIALS FOR SKIN TISSUE ENGINEERING: REPAIR AND REGENERATION - A SHORT REVIEW
Authors: L Gowrisankar , J Ganesh Murali , P Usha
Published: November 2018

The development of new materials and the enhancement of existing materials to develop skin regeneration are wide areas of research in polymeric biomaterials. The paper presents the analysis of a wide range of several natural polymers such as proteins and polysaccharides which can be utilized for skin tissue repair and regeneration. The reviews look at the few examples of commercially available natural - origin polymers with applications in tissue engineering. Natural polymers, such as proteins and polysaccharides, being components of, or structurally similar to, the glycosaminoglycans in the extracellular matrix (ECM) are valuable materials for tissue engineering applications. Natural polymers have great coincidence to natural ECM elements, particularly in biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this paper, the attention is focused on several natural polymers that found application in research work for drug or cell delivery within the skin tissue engineering field, namely collagen, chitin, chitosan, alginate, gellan, gelatin, and curcumin.
THE EXTRACT SOYBEAN OF LOCAL VARIETIES AS REDUCE ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCTS AND HEMOGLOBIN A1C IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MICE
Authors: Christyaningsih Juliana , Taufiqurrahman Taufiqurrahman , Sujono Sujono
Published: November 2018

Objectives: Glucose and amino acids or fat in diabetic patients if were oxidized to form a compound amadori product (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c]) and intermediate dicarbonyl that uses reactive carbonyl groups to bind with the amino acids to form advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Soybean is classified as a low index glycemic and content of polyphenol compounds are reported to have various biological activities, which are beneficial to health. Project objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of extract soybean of local varieties obtained on AGEs and HbA1c.Methods: This study was a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The amount of 28 Mus musculus Balb/C was divided into seven groups. The control group was divided four, while the test group was given extracts of three varieties of soybean, that is, Gema, Wilis, and Argomulyo at a dose equivalent to 1 g of soy/kg BW/day for 25 days. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) mice made with the administration of STZ at a dose of 55 mg/kg in mice.Results: There is a sign of differences in HbA1c levels in the group of mice, and there are different levels of AGEs, though not statistically significant in the group of mice.Conclusions: The extract soybean was a positive effect on the levels of AGEs and HbA1c in T2D mice.
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF KADUKKAI MAATHIRAI (TERMINALIA CHEBULA-BASED POLYHERBAL SIDDHA FORMULATION) IN ETHANOL-INDUCED LIVER DISEASE IN RATS
Authors: Shetty Manjunath , Shenoy Smita , Devi Vasudha , Kumar Nitesh , Amuthan Arul , Shenoy K Ganesh , P Pavithra
Published: November 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prophylactic effect of Kadukkai maathirai (KM) against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.Methods: Four groups (n=6) of adult female Sprague–Dawley rats were used. Ethanol was administered in the dose of 45% v/v 15 mL/kg/body weight twice a day for 8 weeks in the study. The four groups were treated orally for 8 weeks with 2% gum acacia (control), ethanol (toxic control), ethanol + KM 72 mg/kg, and ethanol + KM 400 mg/kg, respectively. At the end of 8 weeks, blood was collected by a retro-orbital puncture for the estimation of liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT]). The liver was dissected out for histopathology. Using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey’s test, the data were analyzed.Results: There was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the serum AST and ALT level in rats treated with KM 72 mg/kg as compared to toxic control. Liver parenchyma showed near normal architecture in KM 72 mg/kg-treated group as compared to ethanol-treated group which showed extensive ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes and microvesicular steatosis.Conclusion: KM, in the dose of 72 mg/kg, which is the therapeutic dosage described in Siddha additional literature, exerted hepatoprotective effect against ethanol-induced liver damage in rats.
EVALUATION OF IN VITRO IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF EULOPHIA NUDA LINDL
Authors: Kanase Vanita , Patil Diptesh T
Published: November 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro immunomodulatory activity of aqueous and ethanolic extract of dried tubers of Eulophia nuda.Methods: Effect of both the extracts was evaluated at various concentrations (832–6.5 μg/ml) for secretion of mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), superoxide, lysosomal enzyme, and myeloperoxidase activity of isolated murine peritoneal macrophages.Results: The extracts showed stimulation of NO, statistically significant at 832 μg/ml (SI 1.739) for ENA and at 832 μg/ml (stimulation index [SI] 1.662) for ENE; significant stimulation on lysosomal enzyme release for ENA at 832 μg/ml (SI 1.404) and ENE at 832 μg/ml (SI 1.513); myeloperoxidase activity was statistically significant for ENA at 832 μg/ml (SI 1.728) and ENE at 832 μg/ml (SI 1.770).Conclusion: In vitro phagocytic index showed significant results and thus proving the need for confirmation through in vivo studies.
ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF ATOMOXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE USING RAPID HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE
Authors: Rahman Zubaidur , Aanandhi M Vijey , M Sumithra
Published: November 2018

Objective: A simple, novel, sensitive, rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and validated for quantitative determination of atomoxetine HCl (ATH) in bulk and formulations.Methods: The chromatographic development was carried out on RP-HPLC. The column used as Xterra RP 18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μ particle size), with mobile phase consisting of methanol: water 80:20 V/V. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and the effluents were monitored at 270 nm.Results: The retention time was found to be 5.350 min. The method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonization Guideline with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness. The calibration curve was found to be linear over a range of 2–10 μg/mL with a regression coefficient of 0.9999. The method has proved high sensitivity and specificity.Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the proposed RP-HPLC method was simple, rapid, precise and accurate which is useful for the routine determination of ATH in bulk drug and in its pharmaceutical dosage form.
ANTICANCER, CYTOTOXIC EFFECT OF TAMARIX APHYLLA, AND ANTIBACTERIAL SCREENING EFFICIENCY AGAINST MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT HUMAN PATHOGENS
Authors: Al Sobeai Sanad M
Published: November 2018

Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the anticancer, cytotoxic effect of Tamarix aphylla, and antibacterial effectiveness against 10 pathogenic bacteria that cause common and sometimes serious infections in human and animals.Methods: T. aphylla fresh and disease-free leaves were collected from the different geographical regions of Saudi Arabia. The anticancer, cytotoxic effect of T. aphylla leaves, and antibacterial screening efficiency against multidrug-resistant human pathogens were investigated in vitro using Vero cells as a normal cells and MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma cells).Results: T. aphylla leaf extracts exhibited a low cytotoxic effect on Vero cell line at high concentration, with an 50% cytotoxicity concentration value of >1000 μg/ml. The methanolic extract inhibited MCF-7 cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The methanol and ethanol extracts showed antibacterial activity with variable inhibition effects and differences in their activities against tested pathogenic bacteria ranging from very high inhibition (20.7±1.3 mm) to low (4±0.6 mm). The minimum inhibitory concentration of methanol and ethanol results showed no significant differences.Conclusions: The findings of this study conclude that the T. aphylla leaf extract had lower toxicity on normal cell line (low toxic plant) and significantly inhibited the growth of cancer cells. T. aphylla has potential antibacterial biomolecules against multidrug-resistant human pathogens.
EVALUATION OF NEUROPHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF MEDICINAL PLANT
Authors: Pathan Saniya Feroz , Ansari Imtiyaz
Published: November 2018

Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate the antiparkinsonian activity of hydroalcoholic extract of the seeds of Canavalia gladiata (HECG) in zebrafish and Swiss albino mice.Materials and Methods: Catalepsy was induced in zebrafish by exposing them to haloperidol solution. Treatment groups were exposed to bromocriptine and HECG, 30 min before haloperidol exposure at the dose of 2, 5, and 10 μg/mL. Latency to travel from one fixed point to another, time spent near the bottom of the tank, and complete cataleptic time were evaluated to assess behavioral changes. In mice, catalepsy was induced using haloperidol (1 mg/kg i.p.). Treatment groups received bromocriptine (2.5 mg/kg) and HECG at the dose of (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg) orally. Bar test for catalepsy, motor coordination test by rotarod, and locomotor activity by actophotometer were carried out to assess behavioral changes.Results: Bromocriptine and HECG-treated groups showed significant difference in behavioral parameters as compared to haloperidol control group in both the experimental models.Conclusion: Canavalia gladiata seeds exhibited significant antiparkinsonian activity in haloperidol mouse model and zebrafish. Zebrafish can be used with ease and effectiveness for initial screening of drugs before subjecting them to rodent testing.
EVALUATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUND OF HAMELIA PATENS PLANT WITH THE GC-MS SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: Bano Jafra , Santra Swapna , Menghani Ekta
Published: November 2018

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the bioactive compound present in the leaves, root, flower, and stem by gas chromatography (GC) analysis. Novel drugs are isolated from plants against human diseases.Methods: The plant parts (leaves, stem, flower, and root) were collected, washed, shade dried, and powdered, and the methanol extracts of all plant parts were prepared by Soxhlet reflux method. The methanolic extracts were analyzed for the identification of phytochemical compounds present in the Hamelia patens plant parts using GC-mass spectrometry (MS) matched by the National Institute of Standards And Technology-11 library and Willey 8 library.Results: The bioactive fraction on GC-MS analysis revealed a chromatogram showing highest peaks. Methanol extracts of H. patens leaf are found to possess a wide range of saturated and unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons and their isomers such as 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl- 4H-pyran (1.77%), 1,3-propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl) (3.06%), mome inositol (18.22%), pentadecanoic acid (1.66%), and squalene (11.47%). GC-MS analysis revealed chromatogram, showing that the highest peaks of H. patens stem are methyl salicylate (3.41%), 2-amino-9-(3,4- dihydroxy-5- hydroxymethyl) (9.53%), mome inositol (63.73%), and squalene (1.07%).Conclusion: Isolation of such bioactives and their use as therapeutic target is the prime motto of our research to isolate novel bioactive that can used as potential therapeutic agents.
AMELIORATIVE EFFECT OF NARINGENIN AGAINST ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS INDUCED ALTERATIONS IN HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF RATS
Authors: Sahu Nisha , Mishra Gita , Kumar Chandra Hemeshwer , Kumar Nirala Satendra , Bhadauria Monika
Published: November 2018

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of naringenin against antituberculosis drugs (ATDs) induced alteration in hematological parameters in rats.Methods: Rats were administered with ATDs for 8 weeks (3 days/weeks) followed by naringenin at three different doses (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) conjointly for 8 weeks (3 days/weeks) orally. After 8 weeks, animals were euthanized; blood was collected by retro-orbital sinus method for the analysis of hematological parameters.Results: The results of this study show decreased in red blood cells, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, platelets, and eosinophils along with increase in the number of lymphocytes in ATDs induced rats. Treatment with naringenin encountered ATDs induced hematological parameter alteration which was evident by significant reversal in hematological indices toward control in dose-dependent manner.Conclusion: The present study concluded that ATDs exposure caused adverse effects in various blood components and conjoint treatment of naringenin reduced hematological alterations toward control due to antioxidant activity.
EFFECT OF RUTIN AGAINST HIGH-FAT DIET AND ALCOHOL-INDUCED ALTERATIONS IN HEMATOLOGICAL VARIABLES OF RATS
Authors: Kumar Chandra Hemeshwer , Mishra Gita , Sahu Nisha , Kumar Nirala Satendra , Bhadauria Monika
Published: November 2018

Objectives: Alcohol abuse leads to several diseases and millions of death worldwide. High-fat diet (HFD) is major contributor of non-alcoholic liver diseases and obesity. Combined consumption of HFD and alcohol has deleterious effect on blood cells. This study was carried out to evaluate the protective effect of rutin against combined consumption of HFD and alcohol-induced hematological alterations.Methods: HFD 30% and ethanol 10% were administered for 4 weeks for induction of toxicity. Rutin (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) and 50 mg/kg dose of silymarin were administered along with HFD and alcohol for 4 weeks.Results: Combined consumption of HFD and alcohol increased mean corpuscular volume, total leukocytes count, eosinophil and monocyte, and decreased hematocrit and platelets. Administration of rutin improved hematological variables altered by HFD and alcohol consumption.Conclusion: The present study concluded that administration of rutin may alleviate HFD and alcohol-induced hematological alterations by scavenging free radicals generation.
PREVALENCE OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA IN AN INDIAN POPULATION: USING STOPBANG QUESTIONNAIRE
Authors: Pattanaik Snigdha , R Rajagopal , Mohanty Neeta , Pattanaik Swati
Published: November 2018

Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a condition characterized by complete/partial obstruction of the upper airway that disrupts normal sleep pattern. It has become highly prevalent and negatively affects the quality of life. Reports show ≥4% of men and ≥2% of women, and mostly, the obese individuals are affected by OSA. OSA is independently associated with an increased likelihood of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diminished quality of life. Hence, it becomes a prime concern for health-care personnel to diagnose it at earliest. A screening tool is necessary to stratify patients based on their clinical symptoms, their physical examinations, and their risk factors. Thus, this study was taken up to assess the prevalence of OSA using the STOP-Bang questionnaire.Methods: A total number of 1012 participants were selected using random sampling technique from various community health camps for the study. The participants were asked to fill in the STOP-Bang questionnaire. All questionnaire respondents were precisely briefed about this study in a face-to-face interview. Data obtained from the survey were subjected to statistics, and descriptive analysis was done.Results: The prevalence of OSA was found to be 13.7% by using the Stop Bang questionnaire. It was found that the prevalence of OSA was highest in the age group of 50–59 (21.7%) and least in the age group of 18–29 (12.0%). Gender-wise distribution of OSA based on the scoring was seen to be more, among males (14.8%) and females showed a prevalence of 12.9%.Conclusion: This study concludes that the STOP-Bang method of screening showed a prevalence of 13.7%. However, the prevalence of OSA did not show any significant difference in various age groups; it was found that males had a higher prevalence of OSA compared to females.
SARGASSUM POLYCYSTUM METHANOL EXTRACT AFFECTS THE NUCLEAR FACTOR-k BETA AND INTERLEUKIN-6 EXPRESSION IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETES RATS
Authors: Firdaus Muhamad , Chamidah Anies
Published: November 2018

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the attenuation of the nuclear factor-κ beta (NF-κB) and interleukin (IL)-6 expression in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by Sargassum polycystum methanol extract.Methods: Diabetic rats were intraperitoneally induced by streptozotocin (40 mg/kg b.w.). S. polycystum methanol extract was administered to diabetic rats for 45 days. The effect of S. polycystum methanol extract on blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), NF-κB, and IL-6 expression was investigated on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The gliclazide (30 mg/kg b.w., p.o.) was used as a reference antidiabetic drug.Results: The administration of S. polycystum methanol extract on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats decreased the blood glucose level, HbA1c, NF-κB, and IL-6.Conclusion: S. polycystum methanol extract indicates a promising anti-inflammation agent in diabetes.
DESIGN AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CHLORZOXAZONE FLOATING BIOADHESIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Authors: Kumar Pal Manish , Deshmukh Ganesh
Published: November 2018

Objective: The objective of the work is to formulate chlorzoxazone floating bioadhesive tablets which will significantly improve the bioavailability of drugs under the condition of prolonged use of drugs and reduce the total dosage of administered drug and reduce the side effect.Methods: Floating bioadhesive tablet was prepared by direct compression of polymer such as HPMCK4M and Carbopol934p in combination.Result: After analysis of different evaluation parameter and drug release, F9 batch was selected as promising formulation for delivery of chlorzoxazone floating bioadhesive tablets with 92.1% drug release at 12th h.Conclusion: It was observed that the combination of polymers in 22.5% (HPMCK4M) and 12.5% (Carbopol 934p) give the best drug release and sustain the drug release for 12 h. Among the other batches, F9 batch was selected as an optimized batch because the pre- and post-compression parameters results are satisfactory.
INVESTIGATION ON IN VIVO ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF MARINE BROWN ALGA SPATOGLOSSUM ASPERUM J. AGARTH
Authors: M Pandithurai , S Murugesan , V Sivamurugan
Published: November 2018

Objective: In the present study, evaluation of the methanol extract of Spatoglossum asperum, brown marine algae on the analgesic activity using animal model was focussed.Methods: Acetic acid-induced writhing test on Wistar albino rats at a dosage of 10 mg/kg body weight of algal extract have been carried out. It showed significant analgesic activity by reducing the number of acetic acid-induced writhing.Results: The animals at a dosage of 10 mg/kg body weight exhibited, 70.52% of the animals were protected using S. asperum extract, on the other hand, the standard, diclofenac protected 84.21% of the animals. The results are statistically significant at p<0.001, and the investigation revealed dose-dependent significant activity in comparison with standard and control.Conclusion: Hence, it can be concluded that the methanol extracts of the brown alga S. asperum have potent analgesic activity at moderate doses.
PHYTIC ACID (MYO-INOSITOL HEXAPHOSPHATE)- A PROMISING PHARMACEUTICAL AGENT: A REVIEW
Authors: Narayanaswamy Radhakrishnan , Mohd Esa Norhaizan
Published: November 2018

Phytic acid (myo-inositol hexaphosphate) has gained much attention among researchers for its therapeutic value. This review focuses on pharmacological activities of phytic acid, which have been demonstrated by pre-clinical studies. Anti-carcinogenic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, anti-angiogenic, and immunomodulation are the most extensively studied pharmacological activities of phytic acid. In addition to these, phytic acid and its derivatives also possess enzyme inhibitory activities against few key enzymes such as 5-alpha reductase, aldose reductase, cyclooxygenase, lipase, matrix metalloproteinase-2 & 9, pepsin, polyphenol oxidase, protease, β-secretase, tyrosinase, and xanthine oxidase were emphasized. The profound pharmacological activities of phytic acid have proven to be a good therapeutic agent and could be employed in preventing as well as treating such diseases.
A PRECEDE–PROCEED MODEL ON THE DETERMINANTS OF ADHERENCETO HIV TREATMENT: A PATH ANALYSIS EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA
Authors: Ayu Agustin Dyah , Murti Bhisma , Agung Prasetyo Afiono
Published: November 2018

Objective: Adherence is increasingly recognized as an important determinant of successful HIV treatment (also called antiretroviral therapy [ART]). Poor adherence may cause ART failure and increase the risk of drug resistance. No prior studies have explained the reasons for poor adherence to ART among HIV-infected patients in Indonesia. This study aimed to investigate the determinants of adherence to ART among HIV-infected patients using precede–proceed model and path analysis.Methods: This was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study was carried out at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia, from January to March 2018. A total of 284 HIV-infected patients visiting Dr. Moewardi Hospital for ART was selected for this study by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was adherence to ART. The independent variables included adverse effect, patient knowledge, income, depression, trust in provider, ART supply by the government, family support, stigma, discrimination, distance, and travel expenditure. The data were collected by pre-tested questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results: Adherence to ART was directly and positively affected by government supply of ART (b=2.10; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.85–3.36; p<0.001), patient knowledge (b=1.70; 95% CI= 0.43–2.95; p=0.008), and trust in provider (b=2.14; 95% CI=−0.58–4.87; p = 0.123). Adherence was directly but negatively affected by adverse effect (b=−4.17; 95% CI=−6.87–−1.47 ; p=0.879), depression (b=−2.38; 95% CI=−4.15–−0.62 ; p=0.002), stigma (b=−4.10; 95% CI=−6.49–−1.71; p=0.008), and travel expenditure (b=−1.52; 95% CI=−2.68 to −0.36; p<0.001).Conclusion: Adherence is indirectly and positively affected by patient satisfaction, income, family support, but indirectly and negatively affected by discrimination and distance. This study concludes that government supply of ART, patient knowledge, and trust in provider, positively affect adherence to ART. Adverse effect, depression, stigma, and travel expenditure negatively affect adherence.
EFFECT OF MURRAYA KOENIGII LEAVES EXTRACT ON GLUCONEOGENESIS AND GLYCOGENOLYSIS IN ISOLATED RAT HEPATOCYTES CULTURE
Authors: Phatak Rohan S , C Khanwelkar Chitra , D Datkhile Kailas , P Durgawale Pratik
Published: November 2018

Objectives: The present study was aimed to investigate the in vitro activity of Murraya koenigii extracts through various carbohydrate metabolic pathways in the isolated rat hepatocyte models.Methods: Different doses of metformin, aqueous and methanol extracts of M. koenigii leaves were evaluated in the MTT, glucose, and glycogen content assays in the cultured in vitro rat hepatocytes.Results: The study showed that there was a significant increase in activity with respect to the increased concentration of extracts. Slight effect was observed in the isolated rat hepatocytes culture, M. koenigii leaves extract may exert cytoprotective and hypoglycemic action.Conclusion: It may be needed to determine the effect of ex vivo rat hepatocytes isolated from diabetic rats. Effects of the plant or isolated compounds on the genes expression of signaling pathways should be investigated in further studies.
AN IN VITRO STUDY OF ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND RADICAL SCAVENGING EFFECT OF SPINACIA OLERACEA LEAF EXTRACT
Authors: C Damle Mrinalini , K Jadhav Shivani
Published: November 2018

Objective: The study was carried out to evaluate the preliminary phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Spinacia oleracea (SO).Methods: The leaves of SO were shade dried, and the extract was prepared using solvent ethanol by Soxhlet extraction method. The preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out on the leaf extract of the plant. The total phenolic content and total flavonoids were estimated using Folin- Ciocalteu’s and aluminum chloride reagents, respectively. Antioxidant activities were studied using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, nitric oxide, hydrogen radical, lipid peroxidation, and phosphomolybdenum radical scavenging assays.Results: The preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of bioactive constituents such as phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and glycosides. As SO is a rich source of different bioactive component, it contains a considerable amount of flavonoids and phenols. The different antioxidant assays proved that spinach is one of the best antioxidants with its ability to scavenge different radicals that generate oxidative stress.Conclusion: The observed activity may be associated with bioactive components such as phenols and flavonoids present in the leaf extracts and could have greater importance as nootropic plant in oxidative stress-related degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and dementia.
INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT GRADES AND CONCENTRATIONS OF PH‑SENSITIVE POLYMER ON PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE AS IN SITU GEL BUCCAL SPRAY
Authors: Sulaiman Halah Talal , Jabir Saba Abdulhadi , Kadhem Al-kinani Khalid
Published: November 2018

Objective: The present study was aimed to develop a pH-triggered in situ gel for local release of lidocaine hydrochloride (lidocaine HCL) in the buccal cavity to improve the anesthetic effect of this amino amide drug which has very high water solubility. The formulations were introduced to the oral cavity as a spray to improve compliance and for easier administration.Methods: In this work, two grades of carbopol (934 and 940)-based in situ gel spray were designed. The formulations containing lidocaine HCl 5% were prepared by mixing different concentrations of carbopol with xanthan gum. Eight formulations were investigated and evaluated for gelation capacity, spray angle, volume of solution delivered per each actuation, rheological properties, and release kinetic model. Similarity factor (f2) was used for the comparison of dissolution profiles.Results: The prepared formulations undergo gelation after it had been actuated to the buccal cavity as a spray solution. The results showed that, as the concentration of polymer was increased, the release of drug decreased and the viscosity increased for both grades. The spray angle and volume of solution delivered per each actuation varied according to the composition of each formulation. The in situ gel containing 0.3% carbopol 934 and 0.2% xanthan gum regarded as a better candidate which had a good gelation and release property compared to other formulations. Drug release from optimized in situ gel spray followed Korsmeyer–Peppas model and was mediated by Fickian diffusion mechanism.Conclusion: Lidocaine HCl-loaded pH-sensitive in situ gel was successfully developed using carbopol 934 as polymer to be applied to the buccal cavity as spray solution for more effective anesthetic effect and painless treatment.