bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The absolute chronology of the Late Bronze Age settlements Kammenyi Ambar and Ust’ye I
in the Southern Trans-Urals and its Bayesian analysis
Authors: Chechushkov I.V. , Molchanova V.V. , Epimakhov A.V.
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we examine the series of AMS radiocarbon measurements (N = 52) obtained from the Late Bronze Age settlements of Kamennyi Ambar and Usty’e I in the Southern Trans-Urals, Russia. The exploratory data analysis applied to uncalibrated dates allows for the batches and outliers isolation. Furthermore, based on the facts of stratigraphy and application of the Bayesian statistics, we reconstruct the chronology, estimate spans of habitation, and discuss issues of the existing samples. As the first step of the analysis, we consider archaeo-logical contexts of the measurements and statistically identify apparent outliers. Despite the small sample size, the dataset from Ust’ye I obtained in the way that allows to date stratigraphically isolated construction/utilization episodes and thus are highly reliable. At least five measurements from Kamennyi Ambar date the natural events before the settlement construction and serve as upper limits in models. On the second stage of the analysis, the Bayesian models of the sites’ chronology constructed with OxCal 4.3. For Ust’ye I, we designed a three-phase model that allows to date two early habitational phases during which the walls and ditches were built around the settlement. The third phase defines the lower limit of the previous period, as this phase consists of a single radio-carbon measurement. The model suggests the existence of the gap between the two earliest stages, associated with the Sintashta and Petrovka ceramic types. While the sample size is small, this hypothesis agrees well with the site’s stratigraphy, as the settlement was re-modeled entirely at least once. We designed two models for Kamennyi Ambar. The first model includes all available data and consists of three phases: 1) natural events be-fore the settlement construction; 2) the early «walled» phase; 3) the late «unwalled» phase. The second model incorporates data on the wells’ stratigraphy and uses only measurements from the wells. The models almost the same for the early habitational phase, but the modeled chronology of the late phase differs drastically, as the wells-based model condenses the phase and pushes it earlier. Further, the models suggest that Kamennyi Ambar existed only for about 50 years, and Usty’e I for nearly 100 years. The habitational phases within the same peri-ods are partially desynchronized, and possible gaps in the habitation suggested by the models. One possible explanation of the short-term habitation spans and differences is that people needed to resettle regularly as re-source depletion made the areas inhospitable for the communities of the livestock breeders.
Monument to the Mansi Stepan Chumpin in the context of the Russian pre-revolutionary me-morial environment
Authors: Golikova S.V.
Published: May 2020

The paper examines the history of creation and life of the monument to the Mansi Stepan Chumpin on the top of the Blagodat Mountain (сity of Kushva, Sverdlovsk Region), in the context of development of the Russian memorial culture. The paper aims to explore conformity of this monument with the memorial landscape during the time of its installation, as well as with the trends in the development of public commemoration in the pre-revolutionary period. Chumpin was the discoverer of a large field of magnetite on the Blagodat Mountain. The monument belongs to the category of anniversary ones, as it was built shortly before the centenary of the discov-ery of the field. Commemoration of this important event with the monument was the idea of the head of Goro-blagodatsky mining district Nikolai Mamyshev. This high-ranking official was also a sentimentalist writer. The monument he erected was not similar to those in the style of classicism that were made in Russia in this period. It represented a cylindrical bowl-shaped base for iron casting bursting tongues of flame. The inscription on the ped-estal says that Chumpin was burned here in 1730. It is believed the latter was done by his tribesmen associates. The paper formulates and justifies the hypothesis of the influence of Mamyshev's literary work on the concept of the monument: Chumpin, a «contemptible» character and a foreigner, is portrayed as a «noble savage» and a figure that evokes compassion. Such image of the discoverer gave a distinct ethnic orientation to the monument. It also appears as a memorial, since it was erected over the remains of a glorified person (although historians have proved that the fact of Chumpin's death in this place is a fiction). The monument is attributed to the monu-mental ones, as it is related to the great discovery by Chumpin, and to geographically motivated ones, as it is placed on the Blagodat Mountain. The monument is also a reminder of a significant event — the discovery of a rich deposit, and it affirms the recognition of the merits of the Mansi by the state. Even by the beginning of the 20th c., this monument did not become typical for the Russian memorial environment, although it turned into a popular tourist attraction.
Accidental find of the Late Bronze Age casting mould on the Pyshma River
Authors: Chikunova I.Yu.
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this publication is to present to scientific discussion a unique casting mould. The foundry mold was discovered accidentally in 2019 near the Pyshma River in the Yalutorovsk District of the Tyumen Re-gion. It represents a four-sided trapezoid bar of gray slate stone, slightly tapered to one end. On three sides of the bar, negatives are cut out for casting three different products. The first side has a negative for casting а slotted spearhead with roller on pen slots. The bushing is hollow, the blade is laurel-shaped. The second negative was also used for casting the short-socketed slotted spearhead. The third matrix was for casting celt-adze. The syn-chronicity of the negatives of the spearheads and the celt-adze on the cast allows dating this mould to the 15th–11th c. BC and correlating it to the time of existence of the Alekseevka-Sargary Culture.
The Sarov complex on the Singul Lake
Authors: Tkachev A.A. , Tkachev Al.Al. , Rafikova T.N.
Published: May 2020

The paper presents the results of the study of the Sarov complex in the Roza Vetrov VII settlement, located in the forest-steppe Tobol River Region (Western Siberia). The Sarov stage of the Kulayka Culture terminates the Early Iron Age and dates to the 1st c. BC — 3rd c. AD. The dwelling represented by a hut-like superstructure used by fishermen during the spawning period of the warm season is described. Also characterised are the tools in-cluding pestle, grindstone, and a fragment of the casting form. The pottery complex reflects all specific features of the Sarov stage ware — the monotony of the ornamental composition, which consists of multiple repetition of rows of the combed stamp and waves, downswept rims. The characteristic of the sample is the complete absence of figured stamps in the ornamentation. The time of migration of the northern taiga population into the sub-taiga and forest-steppe zones of Western Siberia is based on the chronological position of the Sarov sites and specifics of the historical and cultural situation in the present region in the end of the Early Iron Age. The Sargatka Culture, which was spread in the territory of the forest-steppe Trans-Urals, existed until the end of the 2nd — early 3rd c. AD. The Sarov complex of the Ayga VIII settlement is attributed to the 3rd c. AD; the burials of the multicultural Kozlov burial ground, where the Sarov pottery has been found, are dated to the 3rd–6th c. AD. The spread of the Sarov population occurred from the Surgut area of the Ob River Region or the Lower Irtysh River Region along the main water arteries — the rivers of Irtysh, Tobol, Tura, Iset — from the 3rd c. AD. The Sarov materials of the Roza Vetrov VII settlement could be dated to the same time. The Sarov population took part in the genesis of the early medieval cultures of the forest-steppe and the sub-taiga Trans-Urals. Bakal Culture inherited from the bear-ers of the Sargatka Culture the pottery ornamentation technique, while from the population of the Sarov and Kar-ym Cultures — the shape of vessels with a whisk and cornice sloping inside. The influence of the northern taiga population can also explain the spread of fortifications with bastions in Tobolo-Ishim Region.
Τhe February – March 2019 Seismic Swarm Offshore North Lefkada Island, Greece: Microseismicity Analysis and Geodynamic Implications
Authors: Kostoglou Anastasios , Karakostas Vassilios , Bountzis Polyzois , Papadimitriou Eleftheria
Published: May 2020

A quite energetic seismic excitation consisting of one main and additional three distinctive earthquake clusters that occurred in the transition area between the Kefalonia Transform Fault Zone (KTFZ) and the continental collision between Adriatic and Aegean microplates, is thoroughly studied after high–precision aftershocks’ relocation. The activated fault segments are in an area where historical and instrumental data have never claimed the occurrence of a catastrophic (M>6.0) earthquake. The relocated seismicity initially defines an activated structure extending from the northern segment of the Lefkada branch of KTFZ with the same NNE–SSW orientation and dextral strike-slip faulting and then keeping the same sense of motion its strike becomes NE–SW and its dip direction NW. This provides unprecedented information on the link between the KTFZ and the Collision front and sheds more light on the regional geodynamics. The earthquake catalog, which is specially compiled for this study, starts one year before the occurrence of the Mw5.4 mainshock and adequately provides the proper data source for investigating the temporal variation of the b–value, which might be used for discriminating foreshock and aftershock behavior.
Characterization of Nucleocapsid (N) Protein from Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Parveen Alisha , Kumar Narendra , Bairy Sneha , Kaushik Vibha , Chandola Chetan , Sharma Jyoti , Sharma Phulwanti , Agarwal Akhil , Pandey Akhilesh , Goyal Pankaj , Neerathilingam Muniasamy
Published: May 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome novel coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the global pandemic as COVID-19, which is the most notorious global public health crisis in the last 100 years. SARS-CoV-2 is composed of four structural proteins and several non-structured proteins. The multi-facet nucleocapsid (N) protein is the major component of structural proteins of CoVs, However, there are no dedicated genomic, sequences and structural analyses focusing on potential roles of N protein. Hence, there is an urgent requirement of a detailed study on N protein of SARS-CoV-2. Herein, we are presenting a comprehensive study on N protein from SARS-CoV-2. We have identified seven motifs conserved in the three major domains namely N-terminal domain, linker regions and the C-terminal domains. Out of seven motifs, six motifs are conserved across different members of coronaviridae, while motif4 is specific for SARS CoVs with potential amyloidogenic properties. Additionally, we report this protein has large patches of disordered regions flanking with these seven motifs. These motifs are hubs of epitopes with 67 experimentally verified epitopes from related viruses. We report the presence of three nuclear localization signals (NLS1-NLS3 mapped to 36-41, 256-26, and 363-389 residues, respectively) and two nuclear export signals (NES1-NLS2 from 151-161 and 217-230 residues, respectively) in the N protein of SARS-CoV-2. These deciphered two Q-patches as Q-patch1 and Q-patch2, mapped in the regions of 266-306, and 361-418 residues, which potentially help in the aggregation of the viral proteins along with 219LALLLLDR226 patch. Additionally, we have identified 14 antiviral drugs potentially binding to seven motifs of N-proteins using docking-based drug discovery methods.
Standalone Solar-Powered Ultraviolet Mobile Disinfectant: Bringing Solar Energy in the Global Fight against COVID-19
Authors: Mahammedi Nassim Ahmed , Mahammedi Adel
Published: May 2020

As the first initiative of its kind in Algeria, here is presented a solar-powered mobile “Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation” disinfection unit (UVGI) based on a special germicidal ultraviolet-C (UVC) radiator. The system was designed to disinfect several objects such as: medical tools, reusable masks, face-shields, gloves, phones, laptops, keys, money and many other portable devices that need to be disinfected/sterilized. It offers the advantage of complete autonomy through the built-in photovoltaic (PV) system that includes a solar panel, a gel battery, a charge controller and a power inverter. The system provides an extra 220V-50Hz outlet with 375VA maximum power to be used when energy is needed. The system is easily scalable to generate higher ultraviolet dosages by adding more UVC lamps. The chemical-free germicidal UVC sanitizing method employed by this device effectively disactivates a very wide range of microorganisms (microbes, bacteria and fungi and viruses including the actual SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19 respiratory disease) and it has several advantages in comparison to chemical-based sanitizing methods. The total cost to make this open source device is below 1000 € and is easily customizable and scalable. This device is an open source, secure and fast equipment for objects and surface disinfection. The device will be fully automated by adding PIR sensors or remote control after further funding will be received.
All Femtosecond Optical Pump and X-Ray Probe: Holey-Axicon for Free Electron Laser
Authors: Anand Vijayakumar , Maksimovic Jovan , Katkus Tomas , Ng Soon Hock , Ulcinas Orestas , Mikutis Mindaugas , Baltrukonis Justas , Urbas Antanas , Slekys Gintas , Ogura H. , Sagae Daisuke , Pikuz Tatiana , Somekawa Toshihiro , Ozaki Norimasa , Vailionis Arturas , Seniutinas Gediminas , Mizeikis Vygantas , Glazebrook Karl , Brodie Jean P. , Stoddart Paul R. , Rapp Ludovic , Rode Andrei V. , Gamaly Eugene G. , Juodkazis Saulius
Published: May 2020

We put forward a co-axial pump(optical)-probe(X-rays) experimental concept and show performance of the optical component. A Bessel beam generator with a central 100 micrometers-diameter hole (on the optical axis) was fabricated using femtosecond (fs) laser structuring inside a silica plate. This flat-axicon optical element produces a needle-like axial intensity distribution which can be used for the optical pump pulse. The fs-X-ray free electron laser (X-FEL) beam of sub-1 micrometer diameter can be introduced through the central hole along the optical axis onto a target as a probe. Different realisations of optical pump are discussed. Such optical elements facilitate alignment of ultra-short fs-pulses in space and time and can be used in light-matter interaction experiments at extreme energy densities on the surface and in the volume of targets. Full advantage of ultra-short 10 fs X-FEL probe pulses with fs-pump(optical) opens an unexplored temporal dimension of phase transitions and the fastest laser-induced rates of material heating and quenching. A wider field of applications of fs-laser-enabled structuring of materials and design of specific optical elements for astrophotonics is presented.
Geological Risk Calculation through Probability of Success (PoS), Applied to Radioactive Waste Disposal in Deep Wells: A Case Study in the Pre-neogene Basement in the Northern Croatia
Authors: Malvić Tomislav , Pimenta Dinis Maria Alzira , Velić Josipa , Sremac Jasenka , Ivšinović Josip , Bošnjak Marija , Barudžija Uroš , Veinović Želimir , Pedrosa e Sousa Hélder Fernando
Published: May 2020

The basic principles of geological risk calculation through Probability of Success (PoS) are mostly applied for numerical estimation of additional hydrocarbon existence in proven reservoirs or potential hydrocarbon discoveries in selected geological regional subsurface volume. It can be tailored and validated for a comprehensive input dataset collected in the selected petroleum province, adapted by dividing up geological events into several probability categories and classes. The most applied categories are (existence of) reservoir rocks, traps and isolators, source rocks, migration pathways and preservation conditions for hydrocarbons The methodology results in unique probability values as multiplication of independent statistical events, which can also be applied in the assessment of a potential hydrocarbon discovery of desired minimal volume and its value in any virtual currency like risk-neutral dollars. Such methodology has been extensively developed in the last decades in the Croatian subsurface, mostly in the Croatian part of the Pannonian Basin System (CPBS). Through the adaptation of geological categories, it was also applied in hybrid, i.e., stochastical, models developed in the CPBS (Drava Depression). Stochastically estimation of porosity was already applied. As the robustness of this methodology is very high, it was also modified to estimate the influence of water-flooding in increasing oil recovery in some proven Neogene sandstone reservoirs in the CPBS (Sava Depression). This new modification is being presented to be applied to geological risk calculation, intending to assess the safety of geological environment in deep wells, where depleted radioactive fuel would be disposed, a subject of great importance. The case study encompassed the magmatic and metamorphic rocks in the pre-Neogene basement of the CPBS. For disposal purpose, these are regionally lithologies considered as to be the safest ones considering petrophysical values, water saturation, recent weathering and tectonic activity.
Pembuatan Produk Permen Agar-agar Buah
Authors: Rahayu Mamik Ponco , Harmastuti Nuraini , Rejeki Endang Sri , Turahman Taufik
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT

 

          The Ngampon people in Mojosongo Village, Jebres, Surakarta City face diverse livelihood problems, most of which are factory workers with low income levels and the role of mothers as housewives. Therefore, it is necessary to have training activities to make agar agar fruit products as an alternative home-based home industry to increase family income.

          This community service activity was designed by conducting training on making fruit jelly candy products.

          The target of the above activities is that the community will get additional skills in making agar-agar candy fruit that can be done easily and small capital so that it can be an alternative family home industry.

 

Keywords: Fruit, jelly candy, home industry

 
Pengembangan Motif Batik dan Diversifikasi Produk Kain Batik Anatomi
Authors: Suratman Suratman , Suranto Suranto , Herawati Elisa
Published: May 2020

Batik Anatomi adalah kelompok wirausaha baru yang didirikan oleh alumni Program Studi Biologi FMIPA UNS. Produk Batik Anatomi ini pada mulanya merupakan hasil PKMK (Program Kreativitas Mahasiswa Kewirausahaan) tahun 2009-2010 dari 3 mahasiswa Program Studi Biologi FMIPA UNS yaitu M. Jafron Syah, Annisa Febti Suharsi dan Amirul Mukminin. Sampai saat ini kelompok usaha Batik Anatomi masih terus berjalan walaupun menghadapai berbagai macam permasalahan. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk memberikan solusi bagi permasalahan mitra yaitu: (i) memperbaiki proses produksi berupa penambahan alat stempel cap batik, (ii) memberikan pelatihan diversifikasi produk berbahan kain batik anatomi, (iii) memberikan penguatan usaha dengan pelatihan pengemasan produk, dan (iv) memberikan pelatihan pemasaran produk. Target kegiatan adalah perbaikan proses produksi melalui penambahan alat stempel cap batik, pelatihan diversifikasi produk berbahan kain batik anatomi, pelatihan pengemasan produk, dan pelatihan pemasaran produk. Metode yang akan digunakan guna mencapai tujuan adalah sebagai berikut: (i) merancang alat stempel cap batik oleh tim pengusul bersama mitra serta menguji coba dan menerapkan alat, (ii) pelatihan dan praktek diversifikasi produk berbahan kain batik anatomi sehingga produknya menjadi lebih beragam, (iii) pelatihan dilanjutkan praktek pengemasan produk dan pembuatan desain kemasan produk yang baik bersama dengan mitra sehingga produk menjadi lebih menarik dan memiliki nilai jual lebih tinggi, (iv) pelatihan pemasaran produk dengan berbagai alternatif metode pemasaran.

Kata Kunci: Batik Anatomi, perbaikan produksi, diversifikasi produk, pengemasan, pemasaran
TOPLAM FAKTÖR VERİMLİLİĞİ VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME İLİŞKİSİNİN ÇOK BOYUTLU PANEL VERİ MODELLERİ İLE ANALİZİ
Authors: İsabetli İlayda , Tunalı Halil
Published: May 2020

Toplam faktör verimliliği, üretimdeki artışın
emek ve sermaye artışı ile açıklanamayan kısmı olarak tanımlanmaktadır.
Günümüzde toplam faktör verimliliği artışı teknolojik gelişme ile beraber
ekonomik büyümenin önemli bir itici gücü haline gelirken, eksikliği ülkeler
arasındaki farklılıkları yaratan temel sorunlardan biri olmaktadır. Bu
çalışmada 1995-2016 dönemi için Türkiye'nin de dahil olduğu 123 ülke için
toplam faktör verimliliği ve gayri safi yurt içi hasıla arasındaki ilişki
ekonometrik açıdan incelenmiştir. Çok boyutlu panel veri yöntemi kullanılmış,
ülkeler gelir gruplarına göre ayrılmıştır.
Nonmechanical Revision Indications Portend Repeat Limb-Salvage Failure Following Total Femoral Replacement
Authors: Henderson Eric R. , Keeney Benjamin J. , Husson Emily G. , Bernthal Nicholas M. , Ji Tao , Pala Elisa , Funovics Philipp T. , Groundland John S. , Lozano-Calderon Santiago , Puchner Stephan , Zoller Stephen D. , Ruggieri Pietro , Windhager Reinhard , Guo Wei , Hornicek Francis J. , Letson G. Douglas , Temple H. Thomas
Published: May 2020

Background:

There is scant evidence to guide decision-making for patients considering total femoral replacement (TFR). We aimed to identify the indication, patient, disease, and surgical technique-related factors associated with failure. We hypothesized that failure occurs more frequently in the setting of revision surgical procedures, with infection as the predominant failure mode.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients receiving total femoral endoprostheses for oncological and revision arthroplasty indications; 166 patients met these criteria. Our primary independent variable of interest was TFR for a revision indication (arthroplasty or limb salvage); the primary outcome was failure. Analyses were performed for patient variables (age, sex, diagnosis group, indication), implant variables (model, decade, length, materials), and treatment variables. We analyzed TFR failures with respect to patient factors, operative technique, and time to failure. We conducted bivariate logistic regressions predicting failure and used a multivariate model containing variables showing bivariate associations with failure.

Results:

Forty-four patients (27%) had treatment failure. Failure occurred in 24 (23%) of 105 primary TFRs and in 20 (33%) of 61 revision TFRs; the difference was not significant (p = 0.134) in bivariate analysis but was significant (p = 0.044) in multivariate analysis. The mean age at the time of TFR was 37 years in the primary group and 51 years in the revision group (p = 0.0006). Of the patients who had mechanical failure, none had reoccurrence of their original failure mode, whereas all 8 patients from the nonmechanical cohort had reoccurrence of the original failure mode; this difference was significant (p = 0.0001).

Conclusions:

TFR has a high failure rate and a propensity for deep infection, especially in the setting of revision indications and prior infection. All failed TFRs performed for revision indications for infection or local recurrence failed by reoccurrence of the original failure mode and resulted in amputation.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
An Updated Description of More Than 5,000 Procedures from the Danish Hip Arthroscopy Registry
Authors: Mygind-Klavsen Bjarne , Kraemer Otto , Hölmich Per , Lund Bent
Published: May 2020

Background:

The Danish Hip Arthroscopy Registry (DHAR) started as a web-based prospective registry in 2012. The aim of this study was to evaluate and report epidemiologic and perioperative data from 5,333 procedures and to describe the development of the DHAR.

Methods:

The DHAR collects data from patients prospectively at the time of inclusion (preoperative evaluation) and at 1, 2, 5, and 10 years after arthroscopic hip surgery. The surgeon reports surgical data at the time of surgery. The DHAR uses a number of validated patient-related outcome measures (PROMs): the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS), Hip Sports Activity Scale (HSAS), EuroQol 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D), and a numeric rating scale for pain (NRS pain).

Results:

Of the 5,333 procedures, 58% were done in female patients. The mean age was 37.7 years. The mean duration of surgery was 78 minutes, and the mean duration of traction was 45 minutes. Combined cam and pincer resections were performed in 64% of the patients, and labral repair was done in 82%. The most common type of acetabular chondral damage found was Beck grade-2 lesions (43%). Grade-3 and 4 changes were seen in 29% and 11% of the patients, respectively. The 1-year HAGOS PROM values increased to a median of 69.1 (interquartile range [IQR], 68.2 to 70.0) for pain, 64.9 (IQR, 64.0 to 65.7) for symptoms, 71.3 (IQR, 70.3 to 72.3) for activities of daily living, 56.2 (IQR, 55.1 to 57.4) for sports, 42.2 (IQR, 40.8 to 43.5) for physical activity, and 50.7 (IQR, 49.7 to 51.8) for quality of life, and the 1-year EQ-5D increased to a median of 0.75 (IQR, 0.74 to 0.76). Five-year outcomes for 383 patients showed a significant increase in all PROMs (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

Patients referred for hip arthroscopy reported pain, functional disabilities, and a decreased activity level and quality of life prior to surgery but demonstrated improvements after 1 and 5 years. The problems with developing and maintaining a large clinical registry are described. The development of a national clinical registry for hip arthroscopy was considered successful.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Authors: Navarre Pierre
Published: May 2020

Background:

The New Zealand Māori and Pacific ethnicities have the highest burden of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) worldwide. Therefore, New Zealand provides a rich and unique therapeutic and research environment for this devastating hip condition.

Methods:

A systematic literature review was performed using MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar from January 1, 1900, to December 31, 2019, with the following keywords: New Zealand, SCFE, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, SUFE, and slipped upper femoral epiphysis. The references were also screened.

Results:

Eight original scientific research articles that had been published in peer-reviewed journals were identified, as well as 4 published abstracts from conference proceedings; we summarized the key findings. The New Zealand Māori and Pacific ethnicities have the highest reported burden of SCFE, with 4.2 and 5.6 times the prevalence, respectively, when compared with New Zealand European (Caucasian). Māori children are younger at presentation (p = 0.002) and more frequently present with bilateral SCFE (p = 0.05), and there is a strong link with childhood obesity. A contralateral posterior sloping angle (PSA) of ≥14° may be used as an adjunct threshold for decision-making regarding prophylactic pinning. A PSA of ≥40° was found to correlate with a higher likelihood of unsatisfactory functional outcome following SCFE pinning in situ. When conversion to total hip arthroplasty is eventually required due to SCFE, early functional outcomes are similar to those of patients with primary osteoarthritis, and revision rates and mortality rates are not significantly different.

Conclusions:

Landmark literature from New Zealand has been published on SCFE management, and there is a promising future of quality, impactful research.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Telemedicine in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Makhni Melvin C. , Riew Grant J. , Sumathipala Marissa G.
Published: May 2020

Improvements in technology and a push toward value-based health care have poised the telemedicine industry for growth; however, despite the benefits of virtual care, widespread implementation had not occurred until the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Powerful barriers have hindered the widespread adoption of telemedicine, including lack of awareness, implementation costs, inefficiencies introduced, difficulty performing physical examinations, overall lack of perceived benefit of virtual care, negative financial implications, concern for medicolegal liability, and regulatory restrictions. Some of these challenges have been addressed with temporary state and federal mandates in response to the COVID-19 pandemic; however, continued investment in systems and technology as well as refinement of regulations around telemedicine are needed to sustain widespread adoption by patients and providers.
Epidemiological and clinical characteristic of Hymenolepis diminuta infection – review of current literature
Authors: Kapczuk Patrycja , Chlubek Dariusz , Baranowska-Bosiacka Irena
Published: May 2020

Hymenolepis diminuta (rat tapeworm) is widespread worldwide, though in comparison to H. nana it is less frequent in humans (accidental host). The definite hosts, as well as the natural reservoir of H. diminuta, are small rodents. Literature on the subject reports that the predisposition to infestation with this tape-worm mainly concerns small children and adults from a poor socioeconomic background. The epidemiological data presented in this article provide the lastest scientific information on the prevalence of this parasite, the course of hymenolepiasis, as well as the treatment method. Owing to the low prevalence of hymenolepiasis in humans, the diagnosis, analysis and description of the course of the disease in humans provides new and crucial information on H. diminuta infection.
Assessment of the prevalence of intestinal parasite infections among patients at the Laboratory of Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology of the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin in the years 1983–2012
Authors: Gągała Katarzyna , Kołodziejczyk Lidia , Kosik-Bogacka Danuta , Pilecka-Rapacz Małgorzata
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Intestinal parasitoses are among the most common parasitic diseases in Poland.

The aim of this study was to assess their prevalence in patients of the Laboratory of the Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology (LDBMP) of the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin (PMU) in the years 1983–2012.

Materials and methods: The analysis concerned the results of parasitological surveys conducted between 1983–2012 in 9760 patients. Parasitological diagnosis was performed by standard faecal examination method (direct swab) and/or perianal swab.

Results: During the study period, 486 cases of infection with intestinal parasites were recorded. The mean prevalence of intestinal parasites was 4.98%, and the percentage of infected patients ranged from 8.8% in 1993 to 0% in 2002. The most frequently detected parasitic species were: Entamoeba coli (1.52%), Giardia lamblia (0.95%), Blastocystis spp. (0.89%), Enterobius vermicularis (0.79%), and Taenia saginata (0.36%). In the period 2003–2012 the most prevalent parasites were Blastocystis spp., E. coli, and E. vermicularis. An increase in the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections from 2009–2012 was associated with an increase in the prevalence of Blastocystis spp.

Conclusions: The prevalence of intestinal parasites among the patients of the LDBMP in the years 1983–2012 was lower in comparison with other Polish regions. The high prevalence of 2 protozoan species – potentially pathogenic Blastocystis spp. and non-pathogenic E. coli – among intestinal parasites detected in the years 2003–2012 may indicate improvement in the epidemio-logical situation regarding intestinal parasitoses in patients of the LDBMP in comparison to the 1980s and 1990s.
Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes: A Fifteen Year Retrospective Study in Jos North and Mangu, Plateau State, North – Central Nigeria
Authors: Sariem Comfort Nanbam , Odumosu Patricia , Dapar Maxwell Patrick , Musa Jonah , Ibrahim Luka , Aguiyi John Chinyere
Published: May 2020

Background: Globally, tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. Adherence to TB therapy is an important factor in treatment outcomes, which is a critical indicator for evaluating TB treatment programs. This study assessed TB treatment outcomes using a fifteen-year record of tuberculosis patients who received treatment in Jos North and Mangu Local Government Areas of Plateau State, North-Central Nigeria. Methods: The retrospective facility based study was done in five TB treatment centers which account for more than half of data for tuberculosis patients in Plateau State. Data were collected from 10156 TB patient’s health records between 2001 and 2015. Treatment outcomes were categorized as successful (cured, treatment completed) or unsuccessful (non-adherent, treatment failure or death). A descriptive analysis was done to assess the factors associated with treatment outcomes. Relevant bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were done. All statistical analyses were performed on Stata version 11, College station, Texas, USA.Results: During the study period, 58.1% (5904/10156) of the TB patients who received treatment were males. The Mean age ±SD was 35.5 ±15.5 years. The overall treatment success rate was 67.4%; non-adherence/defaulting rate was 18.5%, with majority of patients defaulting at the end of intensive phase of treatment. The sputum conversion rate was 72.8% and mortality rate was 7.5%. A decrease in successful treatment outcomes rate from 83.8% in 2001 to 64.4% in 2015 was observed. After adjusting for sex, and TB category, being HIV positive was 2.8 times (95% CI: 1.11-6.83, p=0.028) more likely to be associated with treatment success than having an unknown status. Treatment after loss to follow-up, relapse and treatment failure were less likely associated with treatment success than newly diagnosed TB patients.Conclusion: With the decrease in treatment success rates, underlying reasons for medication non-adherence and treatment failure should be resolved through adherence counseling involving the patient and treatment supporters, with education on voluntary counseling and testing for HIV among TB patients.
Biomarkers of sepsis: Time for a Reappraisal
Authors: Pierrakos Charalampos , Velissaris Dimitrios , Bisdorff Max , Marshall John C , Vincent Jean-Louis
Published: May 2020

Introduction : Sepsis biomarkers can have important diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic functions. In a previous review, we identified 3370 references reporting on 178 different biomarkers related to sepsis. In the present review, we evaluate the progress in the research of sepsis biomarkers. Methods: Using the same methodology as in our previous review, we searched the PubMed database from 2009 until September 2019 using the terms “Biomarker” AND “Sepsis”. There were no restrictions by age or language and all studies, clinical and experimental, were included. Results: We retrieved a total of 5367 new references since our previous review. We identified 258 biomarkers, 80 of which were new compared to our previous list. The majority of biomarkers have been evaluated in fewer than 5 studies, with 81 (31%) being assessed in just a single study. Apart from studies of C-reactive protein (CRP) or procalcitonin (PCT), only 26 biomarkers have been assessed in clinical studies with more than 300 participants. Forty biomarkers have been compared to PCT and/or C-reactive protein CRP for their diagnostic value; 9 were shown to have a better diagnostic value for sepsis than either or both of these biomarkers. Forty-four biomarkers have been evaluated for a role in answering a specific clinical question rather than for their general diagnostic or prognostic properties in sepsis. Conclusions : The number of biomarkers being identified is still increasing although at a slower rate than in the past. Most of the biomarkers have not been well-studied; in particular the clinical role of these biomarkers needs to be better evaluated.
Surgical treatment of mono-segmental spinal tuberculosis using a combination of debridement and extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF): A retrospective study
Authors: Zhan Yi , Chen Ke , Huang Wuliang , Chen Weijian , Lin Yulin
Published: May 2020

Background

This study investigated the clinical efficacy and safety of a combination of debridement and extreme lateral internal fusion (XLIF) for mono-segmental spinal tuberculosis (TB).
Methods

The medical records of 9 patients (aged 21–70 years; 6 males) with mono-segmental spinal TB treated at our hospital between January 2014 and November 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. The involved vertebral bodies included 2 cases each at the T6/7, L2/3 or L3/4 level and 1 case each at the T7/8, T8/9, or T9/10 level.
Results

All patients were successfully treated with a combination of debridement and XLIF. The mean length of the operation was 97.3 ± 20.6 min (range, 65–126 min), and the mean blood loss during surgery was 151.1 ± 25.7 ml (range, 105–185 ml). Two patients experienced sensory disturbance over the left thigh and iliopsoas muscle weakness after surgery. After a mean follow-up of 12.3 ± 3.7 months (range, 6–17 months), the mean Cobb angle decreased from 28.7 ± 6.7 degrees to 12.1 ± 3.7 degrees. The mean VAS pain score decreased from 7.2 ± 1.1 preoperatively to 2.3 ± 0.9 postoperatively. The mean bone graft fusion time was 5.6 months (range, 4.7–7.2 months). At the final follow-up, spinal cord injuries were evaluated as ASIA Grade D in 5 patients and ASIA Grade E in 4 patients.
Conclusions

A combination of debridement and XLIF is effective for the treatment of mono-segmental spinal TB, and is associated with minimal intraoperative trauma, few complications, and an improved quality of life for patients.
Trial registration:

This was a retrospective study. The study was approved by the institutional review board and the committee of our hospital. Informed consent to use their data was obtained from all patients before surgery.
Catastrophic costs among tuberculosis patients in Zimbabwe: a national health facility-based survey
Authors: Timire Collins , Ngwenya Mkhokheli , Chirenda Joconiah , Metcalfe John Z , Kranzer Katharina , Pedrazzoli Debora , Takarinda Kudakwashe Collin , Nguhiu Peter , Madzingaidzo Geshem , Ndlovu Kwenzikweyinkosi , Mapuranga Tawanda , Cornell Morna , Sandy Charles
Published: May 2020

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) has biological and socio-economic dimensions. The socio-economic impact of TB may plunge households into financial catastrophes. The End TB strategy seeks to mitigate socio-economic factors which may act as barriers to accessing TB services. Countries have been encouraged to provide baseline estimates of catastrophic costs by 2020. We sought to determine the prevalence, risk factors and major drivers of catastrophic costs among TB patients in Zimbabwe. Methods: We conducted a nationally representative, health facility-based survey with random cluster sampling among TB patients. We enrolled patients with drug susceptible (DS-TB) and drug resistant TB (DR-TB) consecutively. We administered a standardised questionnaire to capture the costs incurred as well as lost income due to TB illness. Catastrophic costs were measured at a threshold of 20%. We did a sensitivity analysis of indirect costs using the time lost by patients in each phase of treatment. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine the risk factors for experiencing catastrophic costs. Results: A total of 841 patients were enrolled in the survey, weighted to 900 during data analysis. There were 500 (56%) males and 46 (6%) DR-TB patients. Thirty-five (72%) DR-TB patients were HIV co-infected. Overall, 80% (95% CI:77-82%) of TB patients and their households experienced catastrophic costs. The major cost drivers pre-TB diagnosis were direct medical costs. Nutritional supplements were the major cost driver post-TB diagnosis, (median cost US$360 (IQR: 240-600). Post-TB diagnosis costs were three-times higher among DR-TB [US$1,659 (653-2,787)] versus drug susceptible TB (DS-TB) affected households [US$537 (204-1,134)]. Income loss was five-times higher among DR-TB versus DS-TB patients. In multivariable analysis, household wealth was the only covariate that remained significantly associated with catastrophic costs: the poorest households had sixteen times the odds of incurring catastrophic costs compared to wealthiest households [adjusted odds ratio (aOR:15.7 95% CI:7.5-33.1)]. Conclusion: The majority of TB patients enrolled in care experienced catastrophic costs, with the highest burden on DR-TB patients. Since the major cost drivers fall outside the healthcare system, a multi-sectoral approach to TB control and linking TB patients to social protection schemes holds promise for reducing catastrophic costs in Zimbabwe.
Full-endoscopic lumbar decompression versus open posterior interbody fusion for surgical treatment of stable lumbar disc herniation in patients over 65 years: A retrospective cohort study with 2-year follow-up
Authors: Li Tong , Zhu Bin , Liu Xiaoguang
Published: May 2020

Background: In the last decade, full-endoscopic techniques to treat lumbar disc herniation (LDH) have gained popularity in clinical practice. However, few studies have described the safety and efficacy of full-endoscopic lumbar decompression (FELD) in treating older patients with LDH. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of FELD and open posterior lumbar interbody fusion (O-PLIF) for stable LDH in patients over 65 years of age.Methods: Data of 251 consecutive patients over 65 years received surgical treatment for stable LDH in 2 separated groups (minimally invasive spinal surgical group and open spinal surgical group) in single center between January 2014 and April 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were categorized into 2 groups (FELD group and O-PLIF group) according to the operative procedure. Clinical outcome evaluations were performed preoperatively, at 3, 6, 12, 24 months postoperatively, including Oswestry disability index (ODI) score and Japanese orthopaedic association (JOA) score for function assessment, visual analog scale (VAS) score for low-back pain and leg pain, MacNab criteria for assessment of life quality. In addition, the surgical information, including operative time, blood loss, hospitalization time, and adverse events were assessed.Results: Among 251 patients, 153 underwent FELD and 98 underwent O-PLIF. There was no significant difference in baseline data between 2 groups (p>0.05). The mean operative time was significantly shorter, blood loss and hospitalization time were significantly reduced in patients having FELD than O-PLIF (p<0.001). The mean ODI, JOA, and VAS postoperative scores were significantly improved over the preoperative scores in both groups (p<0.05). No significant difference was between 2 groups in postoperative ODI, JOA, VAS scores, and MacNab evaluation (p>0.05). The adverse event rate was 5.2% in FELD group, which was significantly lower than that in O-PLIF group (16.3%, p<0.05). The recurrence rate was 7.2% in FELD group and the rate of adjacent segment disc herniation was 6.1% in O-PLIF group.Conclusions: FELD could achieve satisfactory safety and efficacy for the treatment of stable LDH in the patients over 65 years of age. With less trauma, faster recovery, and lower adverse event rate, FELD may be an alternative surgical treatment for stable LDH in elderly patients.
Direct and indirect transactions and requirements
Authors: Coskun Husna
Published: May 2020

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Knowledge About Syphilis and Its Oral Manifestations Among Dental Students: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Filho Antonio Carlos Pacheco , Garbin Artênio José Isper , Pires Natália Cupertino , Pacheco Karina Tonini dos Santos , Garbin Cléa Adas Saliba
Published: May 2020

Background:Clinical manifestations of the syphilis can occur in the mouth and in the perioral region. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge about syphilis and its oral manifestations among dental students and to discuss the role of the dentist in prevention and control of this disease.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study carried out with dental students from a Public University. Data collection was performed by a semi-structured questionnaire containing 16 questions answered by students in classroom. Analyses of absolute and relative frequency were performed. To perform association among variables, the Chi-square test (or Fisher's exact test with Yates correction) was performed with 5% significance level. Results:Only 40 (46.4%) students correctly answered the question about disease stages. Almost all participants answered that syphilis has oral manifestations; however, only 44 (25.7%) answered the question correctly. Regarding differential diagnoses of other oral lesions, only 63 (37.3%) reported knowledge on this subject. There was a statistically significant association between student’s educational level and knowledge about the etiological agent (p = 0.000), clinical manifestations (p = 0.000), disease stages (p = 0.000), oral manifestations (p = 0.000) and drugs (p = 0.005) related to the disease.Conclusions:Participants showed important gaps in their knowledge about syphilis and its oral manifestations. Our findings, together with the increased number of new cases of the disease in the world, reinforce the need for training dental professionals with knowledge about early diagnosis, effective treatment and follow-up of syphilis cases.