bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXPRESSIONISMO E ANIMALIDADE: RECONSIDERANDO OS DIREITOS SUBJETIVOS A PARTIR DA BIOPOLÍTICA
Authors: Almeida Leonardo Monteiro Crespo de
Published: July 2022

O objetivo dessa pesquisa fora o de desenvolver uma abordagem dos direitos subjetivos no horizonte da problemática jurídica do animal, sobretudo no que diz respeito às diferentes formas pelas quais ele surge diante do direito. O artigo recorreu ao conceito de expressão, extraído de Edward Mussawir, para ressaltar a dimensão criativa e tecnológica subjacente às categorias jurídicas. Em que medida o caráter expressivo das categorias jurídicas nos permite considerar a atribuição de direitos subjetivos a entes não-humanos? O artigo sustenta que, considerando a expressividade das categorias jurídicas, essa possibilidade é viável tendo em vista que as múltiplas caracterizações das formas de vida não obedecem a nenhuma determinação ou essência que não aquela estabelecida no decorrer da prática do direito. Desta maneira, a presente pesquisa pretendeu dissociar os direitos subjetivos de um antropocentrismo que tende a lhe ser frequente para, desta maneira, reconsiderá-los a partir da sempre persistente presença da animalidade no decorrer da prática do direito.
Derechos sexuales y derechos reproductivos de estudiantes universitarias en México: un enfoque basado en la escritura autobiográfica
Authors: Vázquez Mendoza Claudia Ivonne , Vega Martínez Blanca Susana
Published: July 2022

Los derechos sexuales y derechos reproductivos son parte fundamental de los derechos humanos, sin embargo, el incremento de los índices de vulneración y violación se torna en un problema social, histórico, de salud pública y de ejercicio pleno de los derechos de las mujeres. Por ello, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo conocer cómo un grupo de estudiantes universitarias construyen y viven sus experiencias respecto a la vulneración de sus derechos sexuales y derechos reproductivos a través de la experiencia en la escritura autobiográfica. En este texto recuperamos dos de los derechos descritos en la Cartilla de derechos sexuales y reproductivos de adolescentes y jóvenes en México (2016), los cuales son señalados por las participantes como mayormente vulnerados. A través de un análisis de contenido de las experiencias de las jóvenes estudiantes damos cuenta de cómo dichos derechos son vulnerados por actores de su vida social y cotidiana, tales como la familia, la pareja, la escuela, los servicios de salud y las propias amistades.
HNF4α overexpression enhances the therapeutic potential of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells in mice with acute liver failure
Authors: Yu Yeping , Zhang Qiqi , Wu Ning , Xia Lei , Cao Jie , Xia Qiang , Zhao Jie , Zhang Jianjun , Hang Hualian
Published: July 2022

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hUMSCs) hold promise for treating acute liver failure (ALF). Here, we investigated the therapeutic effect of hUMSCs overexpressing hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α), a transcription factor important for maintaining hepatocyte identity and hepatic functions, in ALF, compared with hUMSCs without overexpression of HNF4α (CON‐hUMSCs). The cells were administered into mice via the tail vein for 24 h before exposure to lipopolysaccharide/d‐galactosamine (LPS/d‐GalN) for 6 h by intraperitoneal injection. HNF4α‐hUMSCs ameliorated liver injury in ALF better than CON‐hUMSCs. The overexpression of HNF4α enhanced the transcription of interleukin (IL)‐10 and promoted M2 macrophage polarization through the IL‐10/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. HNF4α‐hUMSCs could exert a more pronounced therapeutic effect on ALF than CON‐hUMSCs, providing a novel therapy for ALF.
Elucidating the cognitive processes involved in the note‐taking effect
Authors: Lalchandani Lakshmi A. , Healy Alice F.
Published: July 2022

There are three unique cognitive mechanisms during note taking: generative processing, summarization, and sustained attention. Generative processing is active construction of associations between novel information and prior knowledge and experiences. Summarization forces identification of the most pertinent information to create a coherent synopsis. Sustained attention is selectively concentrating on novel information while ignoring irrelevant distraction. This investigation compared the operation of the three cognitive mechanisms in relation to the note‐taking effect—the advantage of note taking when there is no opportunity to review the notes. Experiment 1, through measurement of task‐relevant and task‐irrelevant distraction, showed that sustained attention is positively related and generative processing negatively related to retention. Experiment 2, through an instruction manipulation, showed that generative processing impeded and summarization facilitated retention. Therefore, generative processing cannot account for the note‐taking effect. Instead, these results suggest that summarization and sustained attention are the primary cognitive processes underlying the note‐taking effect.
Superhydrophobic Phosphonium Modified Robust 3D Covalent Organic Framework for Preferential Trapping of Charge Dispersed Oxoanionic Pollutants
Authors: Wang Yue , Lan Jianhui , Yang Xiaofan , Zhong Shouchao , Yuan Liyong , Li Jiuqiang , Peng Jing , Chai Zhifang , Gibson John K. , Zhai Maolin , Shi Weiqun
Published: July 2022

Charge dispersed and less hydrophilic anionic pollutants are often difficult to be preferentially captured by common cationic framework materials. A gamma radiation modification approach is employed to anchor a superhydrophobic phosphonium‐containing coating on a robust crystalline 3D covalent organic framework (COF). By regulating the surface hydrophobicity, the prepared 3DCOF‐g‐VBPPh3Cl is endowed with a strong affinity for charge dispersed and less hydrophilic oxoanions, such as MnO4−, TcO4−and ReO4−, to surmount the Hofmeister bias, which much favors remediation of oxoanionic pollutants in complex aqueous systems. Batch and column experiments with 3DCOF‐g‐VBPPh3Cl in both tap water and simulated groundwater are performed, and rapid sequestration is achieved with removal efficacy up to 99.995%, record‐high distribution coefficient of 1.0 × 108 mL g−1, and desirable priority over competing anions such as Cl−, SO42−, HCO3−, and NO3−, confirming promise for remediation of charge dispersed anionic pollutants. Theoretical calculations reveal a mechanism of preferential capture based on electrostatic and dispersion interaction between charge dispersed anions and 3DCOF‐g‐VBPPh3Cl that effectively competes with solvation of the aqueous anions.
Modulation of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment by Bi2Te3‐Au/Pd‐Based Theranostic Nanocatalysts Enables Efficient Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wu Fengxia , Chen Haoran , Liu Ruiqi , Suo Yongkuan , Li Qiqing , Zhang Youlin , Liu Hongguang , Cheng Zhen , Chang Yulei
Published: July 2022

Nanozymes with multienzyme‐mimicking activities have shown great potential in cancer therapy due to their ability to modulate the complex tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, a second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) photothermal‐nanocatalyst by decorating Bi2Te3 nanosheets with ultrasmall Au/Pd bimetallic nanoparticles (Bi2Te3‐Au/Pd) to reverse the immunosuppressive TME is developed. The peroxidase (POD)‐like and catalase (CAT)‐like activities, and glutathione (GSH) consumption capacity of Au/Pd modulates the TME by disrupting the intracellular redox homeostasis and relieving hypoxia in the TME. Notably, the amplified oxidative stress induces the accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides (LPO) for enhanced ferroptosis. Moreover, upon NIR‐II photoirradiation at 1064 nm, the localized heat generated by Bi2Te3 not only directly ablates the cancer cells but also enhances the Au/Pd‐mediated catalysis‐mediated cancer therapy. Furthermore, both in vitro and in vivo studies confirm that the Bi2Te3‐Au/Pd nanocatalysts (BAP NCs) can effectively suppress tumor growth by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD), and suppressing metastasis and recurrence by the synergistic treatment. Overall, this study provides a promising theranostic strategy for effective tumor inhibition.
Thermal Runaway of Silicon‐Based Laser Sails
Authors: Holdman Gregory R. , Jaffe Gabriel R. , Feng Demeng , Jang Min Seok , Kats Mikhail A. , Brar Victor W.
Published: July 2022

Laser sail‐based spacecraft—where a powerful Earth‐based laser propels a lightweight outer‐space vehicle—have been recently proposed by the Breakthrough Starshot Initiative as a means of reaching relativistic speeds for interstellar space travel. The laser intensity at the sail required for this task is at least 1 GW m−2 and, at such high intensities, thermal management of the sail becomes a significant challenge even when using materials with low linear absorption coefficients. Silicon is proposed as one leading candidate material for the sail due to its low sub‐bandgap absorption and high index of refraction, which allows for low‐mass‐density designs. However, here it is shown that the temperature‐dependent linear absorption of silicon can lead to thermal runaway at temperatures above 400–500 K for even the most optimistic viable assumptions of the material quality. Additionally, above a design‐specific threshold laser intensity, nonlinear two‐photon absorption triggers thermal runaway regardless of initial temperature. Resonator‐based designs, which concentrate the field, exhibit lower threshold intensities than geometries that minimize the electric field such as Bragg reflectors.
High‐Harmonic Generation Enhancement with Graphene Heterostructures
Authors: Alonso Calafell Irati , Rozema Lee A. , Trenti Alessandro , Bohn Justus , Dias Eduardo J. C. , Jenke Philipp K. , Menghrajani Kishan S. , Alcaraz Iranzo David , García de Abajo F. Javier , Koppens Frank H. L. , Hendry Euan , Walther Philip
Published: July 2022

High‐harmonic generation (HHG) in graphene heterostructures, consisting of metallic nanoribbons separated from a graphene sheet by either a few‐nanometer layer of aluminum oxide or an atomic monolayer of hexagonal boron nitride, is investigated. The nanoribbons amplify the near‐field at the graphene layer relative to the externally applied pumping, thus allowing the observation of third‐ and fifth‐harmonic generation in the carbon monolayer at modest pump powers in the mid‐infrared. The dependence of the nonlinear signals on the ribbon width and spacer thickness, as well as pump power and polarization are studied, and enhancement factors (EF) relative to bare graphene reaching 1600 and 4100 for third‐ and fifth‐harmonic generation, respectively, are demonstrated. The work supports the use of graphene heterostructures to selectively enhance specific nonlinear processes of interest, an essential capability for the design of nanoscale nonlinear devices.
Advances in Near‐Infrared Organic Micro/Nanolasers
Authors: Wu Jun‐Jie , Gao Hanfei , Wang Xue‐Dong , Wu Yuchen , Jiang Lei , Liao Liang‐Sheng
Published: July 2022

Near‐infrared (NIR) micro/nanolasers hold great potential for integration of optoelectronic circuitry, medical diagnosis, sensing, and so forth. For the laser medium, organic gain molecules are highly attractive in NIR micro/nanolasers due to the inherent merits of abundant excited‐state processes, chemical tunability, and solution processing. Herein, the recent advances of NIR organic micro/nanolasers on nondoped molecule aggregates are reviewed from the aspects of gain materials, fabrication of self‐assembled microcavities, and NIR lasing actions, as well as some typical examples in applications, supporting the effective construction of internal quantitative relationship of gain molecular structures, excited‐state gain processes, self‐assembled micro/nanostructures, and NIR lasing performance. Finally, conclusion and outlook are given, aiming at offering valuable revelation for further development of high‐performance NIR organic micro/nanolasers.
Electrically Tunable Microlens Array Enabled by Polymer‐Stabilized Smectic Hierarchical Architectures
Authors: Wu Jin‐Bing , Wu Sai‐Bo , Cao Hui‐Min , Chen Quan‐Ming , Lu Yan‐Qing , Hu Wei
Published: July 2022

Liquid crystals (LCs) are key functional materials that are broadly adopted in various fields due to their stimuli‐responsiveness. Recently, LCs with hierarchical architectures have brought new effects to optics and attracted intensive attention. In smectic A phase, the parallel molecular layers are periodically wrapped to form toric focal conic domains (TFCDs) under antagonistic boundary conditions (i.e., hybrid alignment conditions). TFCD shows great potential in nanofabrication and integral imaging. However, the arbitrary tailoring of TFCD is still challenging, and the robustness of hierarchical configuration hinders the tunability. Here, a radial alignment lattice is adopted to guide the local orientation of LCs and thus facilitates predefining the lattice symmetry and domain size of TFCDs. By introducing polymer stabilization and optimizing the composition, the sample simultaneously maintains the director distribution inside smectic layers and possesses the stimuli‐responsiveness of nematic phase at room temperature. By this means, microlens arrays are demonstrated with reversible electrical tunability. The strategy can be extended to other smectic configurations and may upgrade existing dynamic optics.
Broadband Terahertz Quantum Cascade Laser Dual‐Comb Sources under Off‐Resonant Microwave Injection
Authors: Liao Xiaoyu , Li Ziping , Zhou Kang , Guan Wen , Zhao Yiran , Wang Chenjie , Wan Wenjian , Yang Sijia , Zhang Zhenzhen , Wang Chang , Cao Juncheng , Zeng Heping , Li Hua
Published: July 2022

Broadband dual‐comb spectroscopy has attracted increasing interests due to its unique advantages in high spectral resolution, fast detection, and so on. Although the dual‐comb technique is relatively mature in the infrared wavelengths, it is, currently, not commercially capable of practical applications in the terahertz regime due to the lack of high‐performance broadband terahertz dual‐comb sources. In the terahertz frequency range, the electrically pumped quantum cascade laser (QCL) is a suitable candidate for the dual‐comb operation. Although the resonant microwave injection locking is widely used to broaden the emission spectra of terahertz QCLs, it is challenging to be employed to obtain broadband dual‐comb sources that can fully exploit the laser gain bandwidth due to the large phase noise induced by the resonant injection and nonideal microwave circuits. Herein, an off‐resonant microwave injection to significantly broaden the dual‐comb bandwidth of a terahertz QCL dual‐comb source is used. The measured optical dual‐comb bandwidth is broadened from 147 GHz in free running to 450 GHz under the off‐resonant injection. By performing a numerical analysis based on a rate equation model, the broadband dual‐comb operation under the off‐resonant microwave injection can result from a wider lasing bandwidth and a higher degree of phase matching.
Switching Electrolyte Interfacial Model to Engineer Solid Electrolyte Interface for Fast Charging and Wide‐Temperature Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Gang , Cao Zhen , Wang Peng , Ma Zheng , Zou Yeguo , Sun Qujiang , Cheng Haoran , Cavallo Luigi , Li Shiyou , Li Qian , Ming Jun
Published: July 2022

Engineering the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) that forms on the electrode is crucial for achieving high performance in metal‐ion batteries. However, the mechanism of SEI formation resulting from electrolyte decomposition is not fully understood at the molecular scale. Herein, a new strategy of switching electrolyte to tune SEI properties is presented, by which a unique and thinner SEI can be pre‐formed on the graphite electrode first in an ether‐based electrolyte, and then the as‐designed graphite electrode can demonstrate extremely high‐rate capabilities in a carbonate‐based electrolyte, enabling the design of fast‐charging and wide‐temperature lithium‐ion batteries (e.g., graphite | LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622)). A molecular interfacial model involving the conformations and electrochemical stabilities of the Li+‐solvent‐anion complex is presented to elucidate the differences in SEI formation between ether‐based and carbonate‐based electrolytes, then interpreting the reason for the obtained higher rate performances. This innovative concept combines the advantages of different electrolytes into one battery system. It is believed that the switching strategy and understanding of the SEI formation mechanism opens a new avenue to design SEI, which is universal for pursuing more versatile battery systems with greater stability.
High‐Performance Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells: From Competing Indexes of Transparency and Efficiency Perspectives
Authors: Xu Tao , Luo Yiran , Wu Shiwei , Deng Baozhong , Chen Shi , Zhong Yunbo , Wang Shenghao , Lévêque Gaëtan , Bachelot Renaud , Zhu Furong
Published: July 2022

Semitransparent organic solar cells (ST‐OSCs) offer potentially more opportunities in areas of self‐powered greenhouses and building‐integrated photovoltaic systems. In this work, the effort to use a combination of solution‐processable gold nanobipyramids (AuNBPs)‐based hole transporting layer and a low/high dielectric constant double layer optical coupling layer (OCL) for improving the performance of ST‐OSCs over the two competing indexes of power conversion efficiency (PCE) and average visible transmittance (AVT) is reported. The fabrication and characterization of the ST‐OSCs are guided, at design and analyses level, using the theoretical simulation and experimental optimization. The use of a low/high dielectric constant double layer OCL helps enhancing the visible light transparency while reflecting the near‐infrared (NIR) photons back into the photoactive layer for light harvesting. NIR absorption enhancement in the ST‐OSCs is realized through the AuNBPs‐induced localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). The weight ratio of the polymer donor to nonfullerene acceptor in the bulk heterojunction is adjusted to realize the maximum NIR absorption enhancement, enabled by the AuNBPs‐induced LSPR, achieving the high‐performance ST‐OSCs with a high PCE of 13.15% and a high AVT of 25.9%.
Strain Driven Conducting Domain Walls in a Mott Insulator
Authors: Puntigam Lukas , Altthaler Markus , Ghara Somnath , Prodan Lilian , Tsurkan Vladimir , Krohns Stephan , Kézsmárki István , Evans Donald M.
Published: July 2022

Rewritable nanoelectronics offer new perspectives and potential to both fundamental research and technological applications. Such interest has driven the research focus into conducting domain walls: pseudo‐2D conducting channels that can be created, positioned, and deleted in situ. However, the study of conductive domain walls is largely limited to wide‐gap ferroelectrics, where the conductivity typically arises from changes in charge carrier density, due to screening charge accumulation at polar discontinuities. This work shows that, in narrow‐gap correlated insulators with strong charge‐lattice coupling, local strain gradients can drive enhanced conductivity at the domain walls—removing polar‐discontinuities as a criteria for conductivity. By combining different scanning probe microscopy techniques, it is demonstrated that the domain wall conductivity in GaV4S8 does not follow the established screening charge model but likely arises from the large surface reconstruction across the Jahn–Teller transition and the associated strain gradients across the domain walls. This mechanism could turn any structural, or even magnetic, domain wall conducting, if the electronic structure of the host is susceptible to local strain gradients—drastically expanding the range of materials and phenomena that may be applicable to domain wall‐based nanoelectronics.
Porous Electrode Modeling and its Applications to Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Zhiqiang , Danilov Dmitri L. , Eichel Rüdiger‐A. , Notten Peter H. L.
Published: July 2022

Battery modeling has become increasingly important with the intensive development of Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). The porous electrode model, relating battery performances to the internal physical and (electro)chemical processes, is one of the most adopted models in scientific research and engineering fields. Since Newman and coworkers’ first implementation in the 1990s, the porous electrode model has kept its general form. Soon after that, many publications have focused on the applications to LIBs. In this review, the applications of the porous electrode model to LIBs are systematically summarized and discussed. With this model, various internal battery properties have been studied, such as Li+ concentration and electric potential in the electrolyte and electrodes, reaction rate distribution, overpotential, and impedance. When coupled with thermal, mechanical, and aging models, the porous electrode model can simulate the temperature and stress distribution inside batteries and predict degradation during battery operation. With the help of state observers, the porous electrode model can monitor various battery states in real‐time for battery management systems. Even though the porous electrode models have multiple advantages, some challenges and limitations still have to be addressed. The present review also gives suggestions to overcome these limitations in future research.
Agricultural sciences and the environment: Reviewing recent technologies and innovations to combat the challenges of climate change, environmental protection, and food security
Authors: Popescu Gheorghe Cristian , Popescu Monica , Khondker Moniruzzaman , Clay David E. , Pampana Silvia , Umehara Mikihisa
Published: July 2022

Agricultural production systems currently face multiple challenges: Climate change, natural resource depletion, and supply chain disruption, together with global population growth. As sustainable agriculture must simultaneously deliver myriad services (e.g. provide food security, maintain natural resources, retain and improve framers’ profitability, and sustain biodiversity), a systemic and multidisciplinary approach is thus needed. In this context, new technologies based on sensors, automatic machines, robots, and digital applications show much potential. The special section of the Agronomy Journal, entitled, “Agricultural and Biological Sciences: Plant, Soil, Animal and Environment Nutrient Management,” brings together a coherent set of research studies. All papers published in this special section address current, relevant topics for agriculture, biology and environmental sciences with a multidisciplinary approach aimed at generating new scientific information on digital technologies, bioinformatics, plant science, soil resources, agricultural waste, and environmentally conscious approaches. A total of 58 papers were submitted, each of which was evaluated by expert reviewers using a double‐blind reviewing process and 25 full text papers were accepted for publication in the special section. The present paper highlights the findings of the published papers, with the aim of bringing cutting‐edge innovation to applied research in agriculture and biology. The published papers here provide new knowledge and viable solutions for better performance in agricultural and biological sciences. New technologies will change the concept of farming and agribusiness making it more profitable, efficient, safer, attractive, simple, smart, and finally sustainable. Rural development and food security policies must support and finance the easiest possible access to new technologies for agricultural producers.
Same DNA, same location, same price? Price differences across distribution e‐channels of a single online retailer
Authors: Fedoseev Vladimir , Fedoseeva Svetlana
Published: July 2022

Although price dispersion remains a prominent feature of international and domestic markets, the development of e‐commerce has been increasingly promoting uniform pricing. Existing studies suggest that online competition, especially from Amazon, reduces price dispersion within individual retailer's chains and among stores in different chains. Although Amazon's effect on the rivals have been analyzed, little is known about its pricing across own distribution channels. Do pricing strategies differ among Amazon's online channels within a single geographical market? We use a large dataset on grocery price quotes from Amazon's main platform and its subsidiary Amazon Fresh in Berlin, Germany, to test whether those (both pure online) channels apply deviating pricing strategies. Our results indicate that Amazon's channels partially set unequal prices for overlapping parts of the assortment, focus on assortments with different average unit values, and vary in their application of price promotions.[EconLit Citations: E31, L11, M31, Q11].
Insight into the selective oxidation mechanism of glycerol to 1,3‐dihydroxyacetoneoverAuCu–ZnOinterface
Authors: Zhao Mingyue , Yan Hao , Lu Ruilong , Liu Yibin , Zhou Xin , Chen Xiaobo , Feng Xiang , Duan Hongchang , Yang Chaohe
Published: July 2022

Directional regulation of polyol oxidation selectivity by constructing active sites with specific structure is a critical yet challenging problem. Herein, the specific Au‐based catalyst with efficient Au–Cu–ZnO interfacial active sites was successfully designed to promote selective oxidation of glycerol to 1,3‐dihydroxyacetone under mild conditions. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy revealed that the increased electron transfer between Au and Cu increases the content of Au+, resulting in the higher catalytic activity (turnover frequency: 402.5 h−1). Meanwhile, small AuCu alloy nanoparticles (ca., 2.7 nm) could be inserted into the ZnO lattice with the formation of Au(Cu)–O–Zn linkages, resulting in the enrichment of interfacial oxygen vacancies. These interfacial oxygen vacancies induce the activation and adsorption of the secondary hydroxyl group of glycerol on the interfacial active sites, improving the selectivity of 1,3‐dihydroxyacetone (83.4%). Furthermore,in situFourier transform infrared, structure‐dependent kinetics and density functional theory calculation demonstrated that Au–Cu–ZnO interfacial active sites could enhance the participation of OH* and oxygen vacancies in activating the OH and CH bonds, respectively, promoting the improvement of the catalytic performance. The outcome of this work offers new insights for the rational design of high effective catalyst for the selective oxidation of polyol.
Porous washcoat structure in CeO2 modified Cu‐SSZ‐13 monolith catalyst for NH3‐SCR with improved catalytic performance
Authors: Liu Wuyuan , Wang Zhaoying , Sun Ming , Gao Jiajian , Wang Lifeng , Gao Zihan , Xu Yingying , Zhao Xiangyun , Zhang Cheng , Yu Lin
Published: July 2022

A series of CeO2 modified Cu‐SSZ‐13 monolith catalysts were prepared by embedding CeO2 into the washcoat of Cu‐SSZ‐13 monolith catalyst through solvent combustion method. These CexCu‐SSZ‐13 catalysts were studied in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3, among which the Ce2Cu‐SSZ‐13 catalyst exhibited the best low‐temperature activity, hydrothermal stability, and sulfur resistance. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were characterized using multiple methods. Results showed that the acidity, redox capacity, and ammonia adsorption capacity significantly enhanced after CeO2 modification, thus leading to the high performance of Ce2Cu‐SSZ‐13 catalyst. Furthermore, the introduction of CeO2 induced the fast SCR reaction by promoting the oxidation of NO to NO2. Analog calculation suggested that the porous structure generated via solvent combustion in the washcoat effectively increased the diffusion rate of reaction. In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in situ DRIFT) analysis showed that Brønsted acid sites were the main active center and the reaction followed Eley–Rideal mechanism.
Catalytic Enantioselectivede novoConstruction of Chiral Arenes through Desymmetrizing Oxidative [4+2]‐Cycloaddition
Authors: Ghosh Biki , Harariya Mahesh Singh , Mukherjee Santanu
Published: July 2022

Central chirality in arene derivatives arising out of unsymmetrically substituted arene ring is a fascinating yet rarely explored research topic. Here, we report a desymmetrization approach to centrally chiral unfunctionalized arenes, which is enabled by the enantioselectivede novoconstruction of the arene ring. This operationally simple protocol is based on a [4+2]‐cycloaddition between polycyclicmeso‐cyclohexenediones and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes, and doesn't usually require any external oxidant. Catalyzed by a diphenylprolinol silyl ether, this reaction proceeds via dienamine intermediate and greatly simplifies the access to diversely substituted chiral arenes with outstanding enantioselectivities.
Differential Dihydrofunctionalization: A Dual Catalytic Three‐Component Coupling of Alkynes, Alkenyl Bromides, and Pinacolborane
Authors: Baumann James E. , Lalic Gojko
Published: July 2022

A new method for differential dihydrofunctionalization of terminal alkynes enables the synthesis of allylic boronate esters through reductive three‐component coupling of terminal alkynes, alkenyl bromides, and pinacolborane. The transformation is promoted by cooperative action of a copper/palladium catalyst system and results in hydrofunctionalization of both π‐bonds of an alkyne. The synthesis of allylic boronate esters can be accomplished in the presence of a wide range of functional groups, including, esters, nitriles, alkyl halides, sulfonyl esters, acetals, protected terminal alkynes, aryl halides, and silyl ethers. Mechanistic experiments reveal the importance of subtle ligand effects on the performance of the palladium co‐catalyst.
Engineering Bio‐inspired Self‐assembled Nanochannels for Smart Ion Transport
Authors: Xin Weiwen , Jiang Lei , Wen Liping
Published: July 2022

Highly efficient biological ion channels with sophisticated transport characteristics in living organisms have inspired the design of artificial channels that are functionally comparable to those of their natural counterparts and applicable on a much larger scale. Self‐assembly currently offers a facile approach for producing nanoconfined ion channels that exhibit smart ion‐transport properties, including ion selectivity, gating, and rectification, and have shown great potential for various applications. In this Minireview, we give an overview of strategies for engineering bio‐inspired self‐assembled ion channels. We focus on emerging channel assemblies based on different fabrication processes such as supramolecular assembly, nanosystem‐based fabrication, and polymer‐based integration. The applications of these bio‐inspired channels in the exploration of physiological events, detection of molecules/ions, ion separation, and energy conversion are concisely presented. Finally, future developments and challenges of this booming research field are proposed.
Antineoplastic Enzyme as Drug Carrier with Activatable Catalytic Activity for Efficient Combined Therapy
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Jiang Shanshan , Lin Jing , Huang Peng
Published: July 2022

The delivery of glucose oxidase (GOx) requires extra carriers, which suffers from early leakage and exposure of GOx. These issues will be of less concern if GOx itself acts as a drug carrier. However, the catalytic activity of GOx in the blood still needs to be inhibited. Herein, we found that GOx could self‐assemble with hydrophobic molecules into uniform and stable nanoparticles (NPs), including sorafenib, 4′‐(amino‐methyl phenyl)‐2,2′ : 6′,2′′‐terpyridine modified cyanin and paclitaxel. The catalytic activity of GOx in NPs was significantly inhibited due to the binding of small molecules with its hydrophobic pockets. After dissociation in the tumor acidic microenvironment, the enzyme activity of GOx could be largely recovered. This acidity‐triggered “OFF‐to‐ON” process ensured safe intravenous administration of GOx‐based NPs. In vivo experiments showed that the combined starvation therapy and ferroptosis/photothermal therapy/chemotherapy effectively inhibited 4T1 breast tumor growth.
Vier Bauingenieure der Berliner Bauakademie
Authors: Kurrer Karl‐Eugen
Published: July 2022

In der Öffentlichkeit ist die 1799 gegründete und mit der Gewerbeakademie 1879 zur TH Berlin‐Charlottenburg (heute: TU Berlin) vereinigte Berliner Bauakademie als Lehrstätte für Architekten bekannt. Das liegt nicht zuletzt darin begründet, dass sie mit Karl Friedrich Schinkel (1781–1841) verbunden wird, der den Klassizismus Preußens prägte und mit seinem 1836 fertiggestellten Akademiegebäude eines ihrer Leitbauwerke schuf. Gleichwohl wohnte der Bauakademie eine unentdeckte Dimension inne, die als Genius Loci der sich verwissenschaftlichenden Bauingenieurkunst des 19. Jahrhunderts bezeichnet werden kann. Am Beispiel der Bauakademiker Johann Albert Eytelwein (1764–1849), Gotthilf Hagen (1797–1884), Johann Wilhelm Schwedler (1823–1894) und James Hobrecht (1825–1902) soll dieser folgenreiche Prozess der Trennung der Baukunst in Architektur und Bauingenieurwissenschaften konkretisiert und darüber hinaus die enge Verbundenheit mit dem Verlag Ernst & Korn (heute: Ernst & Sohn) aufgezeigt werden.
Chemical Substitution‐Grown Lithium‐Magnesium Alloy as Ion Redistributor and Surface Protector for Highly Stable Lithium‐Metal Anode
Authors: Zhao Zenan , Qian Mengmeng , Wang Jing , Cao Wenze , Qin Xianfu , Guo Penghui , Hao Shuang , Wang Ran , Wu Feng , Tan Guoqiang
Published: July 2022

Addressing lithium‐dendrite problem caused by uneven lithium (Li) plating/stripping is crucial for improving cycle‐life and safety of Li‐metal batteries. Here we describe a simple chemical substitution method of 2Li+Mg(PF6)2=Mg+2LiPF6 to construct a highly stable Li−Mg alloy on Li metal anode. The self‐grown Li−Mg alloy exhibits homogeneous β‐phase bulk structure with flat and dense surface morphology. Systematic studies reveal that the obtained Li−Mg film acts as ion redistributor and surface stabilizer to protect Li metal anode by its low strain, fast conductivity, superior lithophilicity and excellent stability. Compared to the bare Li metal, symmetric cells assembled using Li−Mg‐protected Li exhibit better cycling performance with lower charge‐discharge overpotential. Notably, this Li−Mg film demonstrates great potential for Li‐metal batteries, it can effectively suppress Li‐dendrite growth and work effectively in LiFePO4//Li and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2//Li cells. This work provides a simple and effective strategy to construct Li‐ion redistributor and surface protector to guard Li anodes operating in high‐energy Li batteries.
Cell metabolomics study on synergistic anti‐hepatocellular carcinoma effect of Aidi injection combined with doxorubicin
Authors: Wang Yanli , Zhu Xiaoqing , Wang Kailiang , Cai Ying , Liu Chunhua , Pan Jie , Sun Jia , Liu Ting , Huang Yong , Li Yongjun , Lu Yuan
Published: July 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the second most common cause of cancer deaths. This study aimed to explore the inhibitory effect and mechanism of Aidi injection (ADI) combined with doxorubicin (DOX) in HCC treatment. The drug concentrations in the combined therapy was determined by investigating the effect of various concentrations of ADI and DOX on the viability of H22 cells. The combination index was also calculated. A metabolomic strategy based on a ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) platform was established to analyze the metabolites. As a result, the combination index values were less than 1, indicating that the combination of ADI and DOX exerted a synergistic effect on HCC treatment. The combination of 40‰ ADI and 1 μmol/l DOX had the strongest inhibitory effect and was used for subsequent metabolomic analysis. A total of 19 metabolic markers were obtained in metabolomic analysis, including amino acids (l‐glutamic acid, l‐arginine and l‐tyrosine), organic acids (succinic acid and citric acid), adenosine and hypoxanthine. Compared with the treatment using DOX or ADI alone, the combined therapy further regulated the levels of metabolic markers in HCC, which may be the reason for the synergistic effect. Seven metabolic pathways were significantly enriched, including phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, d‐glutamine and d‐glutamate metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and purine metabolism. These findings demonstrated that ADI combined with DOX can effectively inhibit the viability of H22 cells, which may exert a synergistic antitumor effect by balancing the metabolism of amino acids and energy‐related substances.
Quantitative changes in mental health measures with 3MDR treatment for Canadian military members and veterans
Authors: Jones Chelsea , Smith‐MacDonald Lorraine , Brown Matthew Robert Graham , Pike Ashley , Vermetten Eric , Brémault‐Phillips Suzette
Published: July 2022

Objective

Military members and veterans are at elevated risk of treatment‐resistant posttraumatic stress disorder (TR‐PTSD) due to higher rates of exposure to potentially traumatic events during the course of duty. Knowledge of TR‐PTSD is limited, and specific protocols or evidence‐based TR‐PTSD therapies are lacking. Multimodal motion‐assisted memory desensitization and reconsolidation (3MDR) therapy is an emerging intervention for combat‐related TR‐PTSD. The purpose of this study was to preliminarily assess the effectiveness of 3MDR in addressing TR‐PTSD in Canadian military members and veterans.

Methods

This study is a longitudinal mixed‐methods clinical trial. English‐speaking military members and veterans aged 18–60 with TR‐PTSD were recruited to participate. The intervention consisted of six sessions of 3MDR therapy. Quantitative data were collected pretreatment, posttreatment, and longitudinally at 1, 3, and 6 months after completion of 3MDR.

Results

Results from the first 11 participants to complete the 3MDR protocol exhibited statistically significant improvement (surviving multiple comparison correction) in clinically administered and self‐reported scores for PTSD (CAPS‐5 and PCL‐5), moral injury (MISS‐M‐SF), depression (PHQ‐9), anxiety (GAD‐7), emotional regulation (DERS‐18), and resilience (CD‐RS‐25).

Conclusion

The preliminary and exploratory results from this clinical trial support the growing body of literature illustrating 3MDR as an effective treatment for military‐related TR‐PTSD. These results are notable given participants' previous lack of success with frontline psychotherapeutic and pharmacological interventions. Given that there are currently very limited treatment options for TR‐PTSD, 3MDR could prove to be a valuable treatment option for military members and veterans with TR‐PTSD.
Ginsenoside Rh2 administration produces crucial antidepressant‐like effects in a CUMS‐induced mice model of depression
Authors: Shi Lin‐Sheng , Ji Chun‐Hui , Liu Yue , Gu Jiang‐Hong , Tang Wen‐Qian , Zhang Wei , Guan Wei
Published: July 2022

Introduction

The most striking feature of depression is sadness and a loss of interest in activities, which represents a major cause of disability globally. Therefore, it is necessary to identify novel antidepressants for clinical practice. Ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2) is one of the major bioactive ginsenosides that can be extracted from Panax ginseng and has been demonstrated to improve both memory and learning. The purpose of this study was to provide broad insight into the mechanisms underlying depression and gain greater insights into antidepressant therapy.

Methods

In this study, we first established an effective and feasible depression animal model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and behavioral testing was evaluated by the forced swim test (FST), the tail suspension test (TST) and the sucrose preference test. Following pretreatment with Rh2 (10 and 20 mg/kg), the immobility time of mice was reduced without affecting locomotor activity in both the FST and TST. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to investigate the activation of the hippocampal BDNF signaling pathway and hippocampal neurogenesis.

Results

Different concentrations of Rh2 significantly reduced depressive‐like symptoms in CUMS‐induced mice and downregulated the effects of the BDNF signaling cascade and neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Furthermore, the administration of K252a completely prevented the antidepressant‐like activity of Rh2 in mice.

Conclusion

The results indicated that Rh2 possesses the antidepression action via the positive regulation of the BDNF‐TrkB pathway.
Distinct response properties between the FFA to faces and the PPA to houses
Authors: Li Mengjin , Huang Hong , Guo Bingbing , Meng Ming
Published: July 2022

Introduction

The object recognition system involves both selectivity to specific object category and invariance to changes in low‐level visual features. Mounting neuroimaging evidence supports that brain areas in the ventral temporal cortex, such as the FFA and PPA, respond preferentially to faces and houses, respectively. However, how regions in human ventral temporal cortex partitioned and functionally organized to selectively and invariantly respond to different object categories remains unclear. What are the changes of response properties at the intersection of adjacent but distinctively‐selective regions?

Method

Here, we conducted an fMRI study and three‐pronged analyses to compare the brain mapping relationships between the FFA to faces and the PPA to houses. Specifically, we examined: 1) the response properties of object selectivity to the preferred category; 2) the response properties of invariance to contrast and a concurrently presented non‐preferred category; 3) whether there are asymmetrical changes of response properties across the boundary from the FFA to PPA versus from the PPA to FFA.

Results

We found that the response properties of FFA are highly selective and reliably invariant, whereas the responses of PPA vary with the image contrast and concurrently presented face. Moreover, the response properties across the boundary between the FFA and PPA are asymmetrical from face‐selective to house‐selective relative to from house‐selective to face‐selective.

Conclusions

These results convergently revealed distinct response properties between the FFA to faces and the PPA to houses, implying a combination of spatially discrete domain‐specific and relatively distributed domain‐general organization mapping in human ventral temporal cortex.
The E3 ubiquitin ligase HUWE1 acts through the N‐Myc‐DLL1‐NOTCH1 signaling axis to suppress glioblastoma progression
Authors: Yuan Ye , Wang Li‐Hong , Zhao Xian‐Xian , Wang Jiao , Zhang Meng‐Si , Ma Qing‐Hua , Wei Sen , Yan Ze‐Xuan , Cheng Yue , Chen Xiao‐Qing , Zou Hong‐Bo , Ge Jia , Wang Yan , Zhang Xia , Cui You‐Hong , Luo Tao , Bian Xiu‐Wu
Published: July 2022

Background

Elucidation of the post‐transcriptional modification has led to novel strategies to treat intractable tumors, especially glioblastoma (GBM). The ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS) mediates a reversible, stringent and stepwise post‐translational modification which is closely associated with malignant processes of GBM. To this end, developing novel therapeutic approaches to target the UPS may contribute to the treatment of this disease. This study aimed to screen the vital and aberrantly regulated component of the UPS in GBM. Based on the molecular identification, functional characterization, and mechanism investigation, we sought to elaborate a novel therapeutic strategy to target this vital factor to combat GBM.

Methods

We combined glioma datasets and human patient samples to screen and identify aberrantly regulated E3 ubiquitin ligase. Multidimensional database analysis and molecular and functional experiments in vivo and in vitro were used to evaluate the roles of HECT, UBA and WWE domain‐containing E3 ubiquitin ligase 1 (HUWE1) in GBM. dCas9 synergistic activation mediator system and recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV) were used to endogenously overexpress full‐length HUWE1 in vitro and in glioma orthotopic xenografts.

Results

Low expression of HUWE1 was closely associated with worse prognosis of GBM patients. The ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of N‐Myc mediated by HUWE1, leading to the inactivation of downstream Delta‐like 1 (DLL1)‐NOTCH1 signaling pathways, inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of GBM cells in vitro and in vivo. A rAAV dual‐vector system for packaging and delivery of dCas9‐VP64 was used to augment endogenous HUWE1 expression in vivo and showed an antitumor activity in glioma orthotopic xenografts.

Conclusions

The E3 ubiquitin ligase HUWE1 acts through the N‐Myc‐DLL1‐NOTCH1 signaling axis to suppress GBM progression. Antitumor activity of rAAV dual‐vector delivering dCas9‐HUWE1 system uncovers a promising therapeutic strategy for GBM.
“Pulling back the curtain”: Company tours as a customer education tool and effects on pro‐brand behaviors
Authors: Sun Xiaochi , Foscht Thomas , Kerschbaumer René Hubert , Eisingerich Andreas B.
Published: July 2022

In numerous countries around the world, it is popular for companies to offer company tours as part of their marketing communication strategies. Extant research has investigated such tours in business‐to‐business settings or considered them a kind of tourism. To date, limited empirical evidence has shed light on whether and how company tours, as a novel customer education tool, influence individual customers' pro‐brand behaviors. With two field experiments, one covering the service context and the other involving consumer goods, we found that a company tour is able to quickly enhance customers' positive word‐of‐mouth (WOM) and purchase intentions for a brand. Critically, the mechanism for such effects is that a company tour shapes customers' cognitive and affective processes by enhancing their knowledge and enjoyment levels. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the positive effects on customer pro‐brand behaviors can be amplified for customers with a lower level of brand familiarity. This study theorizes and empirically demonstrates how brands can better leverage the power of company tours to educate and affect individual customers in brand‐marketing communications.
Unprecedented 4,9‐Seco‐Oplopanane and Seven Drimane Sesquiterpenoids from the Chinese Liverwort Lejeunea flava (Sw.) Nees
Authors: Zhu Ming‐Zhu , Li Yi , Zhou Jin‐Chuan , Wang Tian , Qian Li‐Lin , Zhang Jiao‐Zhen , Han Jing‐Jing , Xu Ze‐Jun , Shen Tao , Lou Hong‐Xiang
Published: July 2022

An unprecedented 4,9‐seco‐oplopanane (1), two undescribed drimane epimers (2 and 3), and five known drimane sesquiterpenoids (4–8) were isolated from the Chinese liverwort Lejeunea flava (Sw.) Nees. The structures of the new sesquiterpenoids were determined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, electronic circular dichroism calculations, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction measurements. The inhibitory capacity of the new compounds against nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide‐induced RAW 264.7 murine macrophages, along with the cytotoxicity of the new compounds against A549 and HepG‐2 human cancer cell lines, were discussed.
Correlating Structures to Electrochemiluminescence Efficiencies of Silole Compounds in Coreactant Systems
Authors: Qin Xiaoli , Yang Liuqing , Wang Xin , Patel Darshil , Chu Kenneth , Kelland Lindsay , Adsetts Jonathan Ralph , Zhang Congyang , Workentin Mark Steven , Pagenkopf Brian L. , Ding Zhifeng
Published: July 2022

To develop efficient electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of activated silole chromophores, the relative ECL efficiencies of eight thiophene‐containing compounds are firstly studied in a coreactant pathway. The experimental results show that the extended π‐conjugated systems and donor groups of the silole emitters affect both the radical stability and emission efficiencies. It is found that the 1,1‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,5‐bis[(2,2′‐bithiophen)‐5‐yl]‐3,4‐diphenylsilole (2c) compound with benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as a coreactant exhibits the highest relative ECL efficiencies among the studied systems due to its structural properties. Moreover, the absolute ECL efficiency of the potential pulsing/ECL experiment in the coreactant pathway is 6‐fold larger than that in the potentiodynamic experiment due to the short time interval for the radical species to meet and react. This work provides a guidance for structural modification of silole compounds to tune ECL performance.