bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of machine-learning methods in forest ecology: recent progress and future challenges
Authors: Liu Zelin , Peng Changhui , Work Timothy , Candau Jean-Noel , DesRochers Annie , Kneeshaw Daniel
Published: July 2018

Machine learning, an important branch of artificial intelligence, is increasingly being applied in sciences such as forest ecology. Here, we review and discuss three commonly used methods of machine learning (ML) including decision-tree learning, artificial neural network, and support vector machine and their applications in four different aspects of forest ecology over the last decade. These applications include: (i) species distribution models, (ii) carbon cycles, (iii) hazard assessment and prediction, and (iv) other applications in forest management. Although ML approaches are useful for classification, modeling, and prediction in forest ecology research, further expansion of ML technologies is limited by the lack of suitable data and the relatively “higher threshold” of applications. However, the combined use of multiple algorithms and improved communication and cooperation between ecological researchers and ML developers still present major challenges and tasks for the betterment of future ecological research. We suggest that future applications of ML in ecology will become an increasingly attractive tool for ecologists in the face of “big data” and that ecologists will gain access to more types of data such as sound and video in the near future, possibly opening new avenues of research in forest ecology.
Processing and characterization of Cd/Ti co-substituted BiFeO3 nanoceramics
Authors: Kumar Nitin , Shukla Alok
Published: July 2018

The aim of the present study is to synthesize the Bi(Cd0.45Ti0.45Fe0.10)O3 (BCTF45/10) nanoceramics by solid state reaction ceramic method at an ambient temperature. Therefore, a raw material in stoichiometric ratios of carbonates and oxide powder was employed to obtain a precursor of the BCTF45/10 nanoceramics. The as-prepared mixture is calcined at 1010 K for 4 h in an air atmosphere. Preliminary structural and surface morphological analyses were carried out using powder X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscopy technique, respectively. X-ray analysis of synthesized compound shows the formation of single-phase orthorhombic structure with an average crystallite size of 25 nm. The sintered bodies have relative density above 95%. A correlation between both dielectric parameter of the as-synthesized compounds were also discussed in a wide temperature (298–673 K) and different operated frequency range (1–750 kHz). Addition of Cd/Ti affected the ferroelectric property of the BiFeO3 due to contribution from the leakage current.
On ground test of AL6016 structure influenced from space proton irradiated by MC-50 cyclotron
Authors: Kim Yong Hong , Kim Dae Weon , Shin Dong Chul , Kim Tae Gyu , Kim Yong Bae
Published: July 2018

Aluminum alloy 6061 is widely used for space development since the advent of space era irradiated with protons using cyclotron. In the condition of confined 5-mm thick wall, protons of 5 MeV, the case of low energy showed larger damage in the structure of aluminum alloy than those of 25.4 MeV, the case of high energy. Protons of 5 MeV stopped and transferred all kinetic energy into the 5-mm thick wall, on the other hand, protons of 25.4 MeV were penetrating and a few energy transferred. Elastic modulus reduced, but elongation was increased, finally tensile strength obviously showed that longer duration of exposure yielded weaker strength of material.
Production of boron nitride nanostructures using nanosecond laser ablation in acetone
Authors: Yamaguchi Atsushi , Kanazawa Makoto , Koinkar Pankaj , Furube Akihiro , Kondawar S. B. , Murai Kei-Ichiro , Moriga Toshihiro
Published: July 2018

Growing interest in fundamental research on two-dimensional transition metal chalcogenides (TMDs) is rising rapidly due to their excellent physical and chemical properties. One such materials is Boron nitride (BN), an electrical insulator with a band gap of 5.5 eV, which possesses a high chemical stability, excellent mechanical properties and high thermal conductivity. Cubic BN (c-BN) and hexagonal BN (h-BN) are kinds of layered materials similar to that of graphite-like structure in which planar networks of BN hexagons are regularly stacked. In the present study, we report a general approach for the production of BN nanostructures using nanosecond laser ablation (Nd:YAG, 532 nm) in acetone at room-temperature. The laser ablation time was varied for 30, 120 and 240 min. The prepared BN nanostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to identify the formation of nanostructure. The presence of BN nanoparticle has been confirmed by SEM images and supported by XRD spectrum. It is expected that the BN nanoparticles have practical importance for optoelectronic devices and their applications in the near future.
Spectroscopic study of La2O3 thin films deposited by indigenously developed plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition system
Authors: Barhate Viral , Agrawal Khushabu , Patil Vilas , Patil Sumit , Mahajan Ashok
Published: July 2018

The spectroscopic study of La2O3 thin films deposited over Si and SiC at low RF power of 25 W by using indigenously developed plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (IDPEALD) system has been investigated. The tris (cyclopentadienyl) lanthanum (III) and O2 plasma were used as a source precursor of lanthanum and oxygen, respectively. The [Formula: see text]1.2 nm thick La2O3 over SiC and Si has been formed based on our recipe confirmed by means of cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. The structural characterization of deposited films was performed by means of X-ray photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The XPS result confirms the formation of 3[Formula: see text] oxidation state of the lanthania. The XRD results reveals that, deposited La2O3 films deposited on SiC are amorphous in nature compare to that of films on Si. The AFM micrograph shows the lowest roughness of 0.26 nm for 30 cycles of La2O3 thin films.
Eco-friendly removal of phosphate from aqueous solution using natural dietary fibers and minerals
Authors: Quyen Ho Hong , Yoshioka Maki , Kurashina Masashi , Yasuzawa Mikito , Thuy Le Thi Xuan
Published: July 2018

In this study, we focused on the investigation of phosphate removal using calcium oxide (CaO) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) which are mainly from the calcined shells as adsorbents. Hydroxylapatite Ca[Formula: see text](PO4)6(OH)2, the component of industrial fertilizer was formed after the adsorption process following the XRD results. The phosphate removal increased from 20% to 97% with the aid of the mixture of flocculants alginic acid (AA), NaHCO3 and CaCl[Formula: see text] 2H2O in the case of 50 ppm phosphate concentration when the samples were filtered through 2.7 [Formula: see text]m particle retention filter paper which is roughly equivalent to the case of phosphate removal rate of 0.2 [Formula: see text]m membrane filter paper without flocculants (99%). The results suggest that AA, NaHCO3 and CaCl[Formula: see text]2H2O as the flocculants are effective for phosphate removal from 20 to 100 ppm.
Effect of curing cycles using wet prepreg processing on mechanical properties
Authors: Zixuan Chen , Tianyu Yu , Jung Kyung-Seok , Park Chang-Wook , Park Soo-Jeong , Koinkar Pankaj , Kim Yun-Hae
Published: July 2018

For the fabrication of polymer-based composite materials, the interpretation of an appropriate fabrication process is essential to improve the productivity and manufacturing process. In this study, the wet prepreg forming process was used to fabricate carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) and different curing cycles were demonstrated for an optimal process. To determine the range of curing temperature, a pretreatment on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis was performed. After that, tensile and ILSS tests were adopted to investigate the mechanical properties and thermal analysis on a matrix carried out by the DSC equipment. Different volumes of the matrix residue on fractured fiber, which represent the matrix-reinforcement adhesion strength, were observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Also, a void aggregation was found in high curing temperature situation due to excessive exotherm. Both the tensile strength and ILSS held a certain trend with the changing curing cycles. The highest tensile strength (469 MPa) and glass transition temperature (Tg) at 91.58[Formula: see text]C occurred at 80[Formula: see text]C and 12 h curing temperature and time, respectively. The result of ILSS had an almost opposite tendency of the tensile strength. A correlation between Tg and mechanical properties was observed and it can be extensively applied to optimize the manufacturing process.
Study on the performance of nanocomposite wire guides in wire sawing process
Authors: Chung Chunhui , Lin Chien-Hong
Published: July 2018

In semiconductor wafer manufacturing, wire sawing is the first machining process to slice an ingot into hundreds of wafers. The cutting tool is a tiny wire which is wound on the wire guides. The material of the wire guides is essential to stabilize the process and to control the wafer thickness. However, there are few studies on the materials and the properties of the wire guides. In order to enhance the performance of wire sawing, this study investigated wire sawing process with the guides made of polyurethane reinforced by nanoTiO2 (PU/TiO2) and nanographite (PU/graphite). The results show the PU reinforced by nanoTiO2 was outperformed in wear resistance, although the surface roughness was slightly worse than the PU reinforced by nanographite.
Formation of WS2 nanosheets and its field emission studies
Authors: Koinkar Pankaj , Kanazawa Makoto , Ohsumi Yu , Furube Akihiro , More Mahendra A.
Published: July 2018

The present study describes the results on the formation of WS2 nanosheets using the nanosecond laser ablation in a liquid environment. The laser ablation in liquid is a well-known method and is widely used for the generation of nanostructure. The nanosecond laser ablation is used to irradiate WS2 in a isopropyl alcohol to generate WS2 nanosheets. The laser ablation time was 120 min. The field emission measurement of irradiated WS2 nanostructures was performed. The Bulk and WS2 were used to characterize the Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy to reveal their surface and structural morphology. It is found that the laser ablation time is an important parameter to transform the bulk WS2 into WS2 nanosheets. The generation of WS2 nanosheets is revealed by the Raman spectra. Moreover, the TEM images indicate that the size of WS2 microsheet has been reduced to 400 nm after the laser ablation treatment. It is also found that the field emission current density of WS2 is increased after the laser ablation. The improvement in the field emission characteristics of WS2 is due to the formation of WS2 as well as the separation of layered WS2 structure into few layers of WS2. The formation of WS2 nanosheets can be used for future optoelectronic devices.
Purification of groundwater contaminated with iron and manganese by effective cost filter materials for households in rural areas
Authors: Thuy Le Thi Xuan , Suong Le Thi , Mai Nguyen Thi Sao , Quyen Ho Hong , Yasuzawa Mikito
Published: July 2018

This research investigated the feasibility of effective cost filter materials for groundwater purification in the small and medium scale households in Vietnamese rural areas. The trial models could treat 30 L of groundwater with aeration flow 5 L/min for 15 min. After 24 h of sedimentation, the water was filtered through layers of gravel (h = 11 cm), sea sand (h = 11 cm), activated carbon (h = 15 cm), manganese sand (h = 12 cm), sea sand (h = 11 cm) and gravel (h = 11 cm). After treatment process, the concentration of Fe and Mn ions of the output trial models was lower than the Vietnamese standard for drinking water. The model has a simple structure and easy assembly for washing the filter materials which continued to be used for the next filtration process. These models provide in rural areas, where it promising solutions for supplying drinking water to households is difficult to get clean ground water.
Preparation and application of energy materials from biomass
Authors: Cui Jinlong , Sun Juncai
Published: July 2018

Silicon-based anode materials in recent years has gained tremendous interest due to high theoretical specific capacity for next generation lithium ion battery. Some biomass, such as rice husks (RHs), has contained a lot of inorganic silicon, which are abundant in all the countryside and farmland. Considering that RHs are mainly composed of organic lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and inorganic Si compound, they could be used to prepare low-cost electrode materials, such as carbonaceous and silicon-based anode materials. In this work, we will present the synthesis of various anode materials from RHs with prominent performance for lithium ion battery application, such as porous C/SiO[Formula: see text] composites and Al-doped porous carbonized RHs husks composites.
Effect of milled carbon on interfacial properties of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy-based composites
Authors: Lee Jin-Woo , Park Soo-Jeong , Kim Yun-Hae
Published: July 2018

In order to overcome the weak bonding force between the interface of the composite materials, research for improving the interfacial bonding force by adding nanoparticles has been actively conducted. However, despite the improvement of characteristics through the addition of nanoparticles, it is not widely used because the particles are relatively expensive and it is difficult to control the aggregation between the particles. In this study, we compared the mechanical properties of relatively low-cost halloysite nanotube (HNT) nanoparticles with micro-sized milled carbon. Based on the similar mechanical properties of the composites with two particles added, we found that milled carbon could replace HNT particles. In addition, if the cohesion of HNT is reduced based on the strengthening effect of milled carbon having a relatively low cohesive strength, it is expected that the strengthening effect can be obtained more than that found in the existing studies.
Effect of Mn content on corrosion characteristics of lean Mn TWIP steel
Authors: Moon K. M. , Kim D. A. , Kim Y. H. , Lee M. H.
Published: July 2018

It is important that the steel plate is manufactured with a high tensile strength to reduce the weight of the body. It is generally accepted that twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steel is a special steel with not only a high ductility but also a high-tensile strength compared to general steel. While numerous investigations have been carried out on the TWIP steel with an amount of manganese of at least 20%, the investigation of steel with manganese content of less than 20% has seldom been considered until now. In this study, the TWIP steel with manganese of less than 20% (12Mn, 15Mn and 18Mn TWIP steel) was investigated to determine the corrosion properties using electrochemical method. The 18Mn and 12Mn samples exhibited the best and worst corrosion resistance, respectively. It is suggested that the 18Mn sample forms a stable oxide film on the surface because it contains a larger amount of manganese and aluminum compared to the other samples, and their composition enables the easy formation of the oxide film.
Manufacturing and properties of cotton and jute fabrics reinforced epoxy and PLA composites
Authors: Chen Jieng-Chiang , Lin Jian-Cheng
Published: July 2018

This paper studies the effects of plain-woven fabrics of jute and cotton, used as reinforcements, on the mechanical properties of composite panels prepared using epoxy and polylactic acid (PLA) resins as matrix materials. Two different composites were prepared in the current study — natural fiber fabrics reinforced thermosetting epoxy resin and the same fabrics reinforced thermoplastic PLA resin. Two methods were used to manufacture these composites. The thermosetting composites were manufactured by impregnating the epoxy resin with the fabrics by hand lamination. On the other hand, the resin film method was used to manufacture the thermoplastic composites. Tensile, compression and 3-point bending tests were performed on the composite panels. The experimental results indicated that the compressive strengths of cotton/PLA and cotton/epoxy composites are approximately equivalent. The jute-based composites exhibited brittle failure in the tensile test. Furthermore, the 3-point-bending break strength of the cotton/PLA composites was higher than that of the jute/PLA composites.
Polyaniline/ZnO nanocomposites for the removal of methyl orange dye from waste water
Authors: Nerkar Neha V. , Kondawar Subhash B. , Brahme Snehal Kargirwar , Kim Yun Hae
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we report the safe removal of methyl orange (MO) dye from aqueous solution using chemical interaction of dye molecule with polyaniline/zinc oxide (PANI/ZnO) nanocomposite. PANI/ZnO nanocomposite has been prepared by in situ polymerization. PANI/ZnO nanocomposite was found to be the best promising candidate for adsorption of dyes due to more porosities compared to that of pure PANI. In the present investigation, PANI/ZnO nanocomposite was mixed in a solution of MO dye and used for adsorption process. Color removal was studied using UV-Vis spectroscopy and the spectra were recorded for specific time interval and validation of kinetic model has been applied. Absorbance of PANI/ZnO nanocomposite was found to be increased as compared to that of pure ZnO nanoparticles and pure PANI due to synergistic effect. Comparatively, the removal of dye was also found to be more by using PANI/ZnO nanocomposites. In order to evaluate kinetic mechanism the pseudo-first-order model, pseudo-second-order model and intraparticle diffusion models were verified by the linear equation analysis. Adsorption mechanism of pseudo-second-order model was systematically explained for removal of dye using PANI/ZnO nanocomposite. The results clearly demonstrated that the adsorption mechanism gives very novel and green method of removal of hazardous dyes from waste water.
Study of braiding commingled self-reinforced PET composites
Authors: Wu C. M. , Hsieh W. Y. , Su S. T. , Cheng K. B. , Lee K. C. , Lai C. C.
Published: July 2018

This work examines the flexural and impact behavior of self-reinforced poly(ethylene terephthalate) (srPET) composites, which were produced by film stacking from fabrics composed of braiding commingled yarns with high-tenacity PET (serving as the reinforcements) and copolymerized PET (mPET) (serving as the matrix). The influence of the hybrid yarns, fabric architectures, and processing conditions on the mechanical properties of srPETs were studied.
Surface plasmon resonance effect of silver nanoparticles on the enhanced efficiency of inverted hybrid organic–inorganic solar cell
Authors: Wulandari Priastuti , Handayani Yolla Sukma , Hidayat Rachmat , Wang Pangpang , Ryuzaki Sou , Okamoto Koichi , Tamada Kaoru
Published: July 2018

We investigate the effects of silver nanoparticles capped by 1-octanethiol (AgSC8) incorporated into the active layer of regioregular poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) in the fabrication of an inverted hybrid solar cell. The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) excited in AgSC8 is expected to enhance the photon absorption as well as improve the efficiency of exciton generation and dissociation in this type of solar cell. The measured UV–visible absorption spectra show that photoactive polymer (P3HT:PCBM) layers with 2.09[Formula: see text]wt.% and 3.34[Formula: see text]wt.% AgSC8 incorporations remain homogeneous, while it appears aggregated with 5.02[Formula: see text]wt.% AgSC8 incorporation. Under the illumination of 100[Formula: see text]mW/cm2 simulated solar irradiation, the fabricated device exhibits an increased open circuit voltage ([Formula: see text] from 0.327[Formula: see text]V to 0.665[Formula: see text]V for the case with 3.34[Formula: see text]wt.% AgSC8 incorporation and an improved device power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 1.01% to 1.92%. These results suggest the favorably role of AgSC8 in photo-generation of exciton and its dissociation at the LSPR frequency of AgSC8. The decrease of short circuit current density ([Formula: see text] from 10.316[Formula: see text]mA/cm2 to 8.668[Formula: see text]mA/cm2 nevertheless implies reduced conductivity due to AgSC8 incorporation.
On groups whose self-centralizing subgroups are normal
Authors: Hassanzadeh Mahmoud , Mostaghim Zohreh
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we prove that a group is nilpotent of class at most two if and only if each of its self-centralizing subgroups is normal. We also show that if all self-centralizing subgroups of a certain group are subnormal then all subgroups are subnormal.
Maximum violation of Wigner inequality for two-spin entangled states with parallel and antiparallel polarizations
Authors: Gu Yan , Zhang Haifeng , Song Zhigang , Liang J.-Q. , Wei L.-F.
Published: July 2018

The experimental test of Bell’s inequality is mainly focused on Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt (CHSH) form, which provides a quantitative bound, while little attention has been paid to the violation of Wigner inequality (WI). Based on the spin coherent state quantum probability statistics, we in the present paper extend the WI and its violation to arbitrary two-spin entangled states with antiparallel and parallel spin-polarizations. The local part of density operator gives rise to the WI while the violation is a direct result of nonlocal interference between two components of the entangled states. The Wigner measuring outcome correlation denoted by [Formula: see text] is always less than or at most equal to zero for the local realist model ([Formula: see text]) regardless of the specific initial state. On the other hand, the violation of WI is characterized by any positive value of [Formula: see text], which possesses a maximum violation bound [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]. We conclude that the WI is equally convenient for the experimental test of violation by the quantum entanglement.
Learnings from an Open Science Effort: Virtual Project on the History of ALD
Authors: Puurunen Riikka
Published: July 2018

This work summarizes learnings from an Open Science effort “Virtual project on the History of ALD” (VPHA), started in 2013 to clarify the early history of atomic layer deposition (ALD). ALD is a multi-tool of nanotechnology and has been e.g. enabler of the continuation of Moore’s law of transistor scaling. ALD has been developed historically through two independent routes: atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) and molecular layering (ML). Especially the details on ML have remained little known to a broader audience. In this contribution, learnings in VPHA are seen from the viewpoint of its voluntary coordinator (the author self) related to historical details of ALD as well as from an organizational viewpoint and some other viewpoints. Selected details related to ALD’s history not fully accurately described in three earlier review articles are pointed out. The work made in VPHA has resulted in journal articles, presentations and an exhibition, and VPHA has in part provided the foundation for granting the 2018 Millennium Technology Prize to Dr. Tuomo Suntola. At the time of writing this contribution, in July 2018, VPHA is still on-going, and more volunteers are welcome to join the effort.
Choroid and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbation
Authors: Kocamış Özkan , Zorlu Duygu
Published: July 2018

Purpose. We aimed at measuring the choroid and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness with optic coherence tomography (OCT) in patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods. A total of 60 patients with COPD and 23 healthy controls were evaluated in the scope of this prospective, observational study. COPD patients were divided into two groups as those that were stable and those with an exacerbation based on the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) classification. Subfoveal choroid thickness (SFCT) of the patients and the control group was compared by measuring the choroid thickness at points 1000 µm nasal and temporal to the fovea and the mean retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness. Results. The subfoveal choroid thickness of the COPD patients in both the exacerbation and stable groups was found to be statistically significantly thinner than the control group (p=0.047 and p=0.046, resp.). No statistically significant difference was found between the subfoveal choroid thickness of the patients that were stable and those that had an exacerbation (p=0.813). No statistically significant difference was found between the mean RNFL, 1000 µm nasal, or 1000 µm temporal choroid thicknesses of the COPD patients and the control group (p=0.263, p=0.455, and p=0.611, resp.). Conclusion. Decreased subfoveal choroid thickness was found in the COPD patients both during an exacerbation and in the stable period, when compared to the control group. The mean RNFL thickness was similar in the exacerbation and stable period of the stable COPD patients when compared to the control group. This suggests that ocular findings might be important in terms of COPD morbidity. This trial is registered with www.chictr.org.cn/enIndex.aspx.
The Appearance of The Infraorbital Canal and Infraorbital Ethmoid (Haller’s) Cells on Panoramic Radiography of Edentulous Patients
Authors: Yesilova Esra , Bayrakdar Ibrahim Sevki
Published: July 2018

Objectives.The aim of the study is to detect the prevalence and the characteristics of infraorbital canal and Haller’s cells on panoramic radiography of edentulous patients.Methods.The study group comprised 291 panoramic radiographs of edentulous patients. Radiographs were interpreted for the visibility and characteristics of infraorbital canal and Haller’s cells. For classification of infraorbital canal, a method based on the image characteristics of the border of the canal (Types I, II, and III) was used. Haller’s cells were grouped according to the number and the shape of loculations.Results.Infraorbital canal was observed in 246 (84.6%) radiographs. The most prevalent of the observed canals were Type III for both sides (39.9 % for right and 32.3% for left side). The visibility of Haller’s cells was 23.7%. The frequencies of Haller’s cells’ visibility were approximately equal for both genders. There is no significant difference between genders for the visibility of infraorbital canal and Haller’s cells.Conclusions.The surgeons, implantologists, and radiologists should take into consideration infraorbital canal and Haller’s cell for planning implant surgery of maxillary anterior region and undefined orofacial pain for edentulous patients.
Garre’s Osteomyelitis of the Mandible Caused by Infected Tooth
Authors: Akgül Hayati Murat , Çağlayan Fatma , Günen Yılmaz Sevcihan , Derindağ Gözde
Published: July 2018

Aim. Garre’s osteomyelitis is a local thickening of the periosteum caused by a slight irritation or infection. We aimed to present the extraoral, intraoral, and radiographic findings and postoperative pursuits of two patients diagnosed with Garre’s osteomyelitis. In this case report, although clinical findings indicate infection source, these clinical findings are strongly supported by cone-beam computed tomography images. In addition, it can be seen that when we have followed the case I, we have chosen the right path in treatment. Case Reports. Two patients presented to our clinic due to severe swelling and facial asymmetry in the right and left mandibular region. As a result of the clinical and radiological examinations, the patients were diagnosed with Garre’s osteomyelitis. Infected teeth that were responsible for the formation of Garre’s osteomyelitis were extracted under antibiotic treatment in both cases. A complete improvement in postoperative control was observed in case I. On the other hand, the other case could not be followed up postoperatively. Conclusion. In Garre’s osteomyelitis, new bone formation can occur in many pathological conditions. Therefore, it should be distinguished from other pathologies that cause new bone formation, such as Ewing’s sarcoma, Caffey disease, and fibrous dysplasia.
Outcomes of Wound Dehiscence after Penetrating Keratoplasty and Lamellar Keratoplasty
Authors: Wang Xin , Liu Ting , Zhang Sai , Qi Xiaolin , Li Suxia , Shi Weiyun , Gao Hua
Published: July 2018

Objective. To investigate the incidence, causes, occurrence time, and range of wound and outcomes of wound dehiscence in patients treated by penetrating keratoplasty (PK) or lamellar keratoplasty (LK). Methods. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of keratoplasty in Shandong Eye Hospital from January 2006 to June 2017. Thirty-one eyes of 30 patients had sustained wound dehiscence (WD) after surgical treatment. The surgical type, causes, occurrence time, extent of the wound, treatment, and outcomes were recorded. Results. The study population consisted of 26 men and 4 women. The mean age at the occurrence of WD was 44.6 years old (range: 12–78 years), and the mean time from keratoplasty to WD was 45.9 months (range: 1–204 months). WD occurred in 23 eyes (23/1385, 1.66%) after PK and 8 eyes (8/1632, 0.49%) after LK (p<0.05). Twenty-seven eyes (27/31, 87.0%) had trauma-induced dehiscence. The mean range of dehiscence was 5.5 o’clock. The vision ranged from 20/50 to light perception after wound suture. The eyes receiving LK had fewer serious complications than PK. Conclusions. Compared with LK, PK seems to be more prone to result in wound dehiscence. The WD after LK may be less severe. The visual acuity after treatment of WD can be worse in the eyes with PK than LK.
Neutrophil Migration and Adhesion Molecule Expression after Acute High-Intensity Street Dance Exercise
Authors: Borges Leandro , Dermargos Alexandre , Gray Stuart , Barros Silva Maysa B. , Santos Vinicius , Pithon-Curi Tania Cristina , Gorjão Renata , Hatanaka Elaine
Published: July 2018

The physical demands of street dancing may result in inflammation and changes in leukocyte numbers/function, impairing the health of dancers. Herein, we investigated the effect of street dancing on inflammation, adhesion molecules, and neutrophil function. Fifteen amateur dancers (mean ± SE: age 22.4 ± 1.08 years, BMI 24.8 ± 0.69 kg/m2, and body fat 12.3 ± 1.52%) participated in a single high-intensity street dance class. Blood samples were taken before and after the class. The dance class had no effect on the plasma concentration of CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-8; however, we noted an increase in levels of IL-1β(4.06%) and sL-selectin (17.67%). The dance class resulted in a 12.36% increase in neutrophil counts, while neutrophil CD62L expression and migration were reduced (25.27% and 78.92%, resp.). After the dance class, neutrophil production of IL-8 and TNF-αincreased, respectively, by 59.75% and 49.23%, in the control condition, and 43.55% and 32.22%, after LPS stimulation. A single bout of street dancing induced inflammation and reduced neutrophil migration and adhesion molecule expression. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the susceptibility to infection after acute dance exercise.
An Index for Estimating the Stability of the Layered Rock Masses under Excavation Disturbance
Authors: Xu Ding-ping , Gu Gong-kai , Wan Liang-peng , Chen Dong-fang , Huang Shu-ling
Published: July 2018

The mechanical behaviours of layered rock mass exhibit significant differences in the directions parallel and vertical to the bedding planes. The deformation and failure of a layered rock mass has remarkable weak‐plane dependence, which brings a major challenge to the control of the stability of the surrounding rock mass in underground openings. In this study, a layered rock mass is firstly regarded as a composite material composed of interlayered rocks and bedding planes. Then, based on the Mohr–Coulomb and maximum tensile stress criteria, an index of point safety factor for a layered rock mass is established considering the mechanical properties of interlayered rocks and bedding planes. The safety of the artificial layered rock mass specimens in the triaxial test is evaluated using this index. The results show that the distribution of this index is in good agreement with the macroscopic failed zone of the rock specimen, indicating that this index is feasible for characterizing the macroscopic failure of rock masses. Finally, the index is adopted to evaluate the stability of the midpartition between the #3 and #4 diversion tunnels at the right bank of the Wudongde hydropower station before and after its reinforcement. The results indicate that there is a yielded zone where the point safety factor is less than 1.0 in the unreinforced midpartition of the collapsed tunnel section, and it is nearly connected. If it is not reinforced in time, collapse cut‐through of the entire midpartition may occur and then endanger the overall stability of the tunnel. After the emergency reinforcement measure with two‐ended anchored piles and concrete backfill, the safety of the midpartition is significantly improved. In this case, the safety factor is much larger than 1.0, indicating that the adoption of this emergency reinforcement measure is effective.
Silicone-Induced Foreign Body Reaction: An Unusual Differential Diagnosis of Posterolateral Hip Pain
Authors: Ramsubeik Karishma , Tolaymat Omar , Kaeley Gurjit
Published: July 2018

Background. Silicone injection is commonly used for soft tissue augmentation for esthetic purposes. It is not without complications. Case presentation. We present a case of a 31-year-old woman presenting with refractory left lateral hip pain. Magnetic resonance imaging of the patient’s pelvis revealed innumerable small low signal foci throughout the gluteus maximus and overlying subcutaneous fat bilaterally consistent with injectable material, possibly silicone. Conclusions. This case report emphasizes that silicone-induced granulomatosis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of hip pain when evaluating a patient who has had access to plastic surgery or clandestine operators.
Application of Simulated Annealing Particle Swarm Optimization Based on Correlation in Parameter Identification of Induction Motor
Authors: Wang Lei , Liu Yongqiang
Published: July 2018

The strengths and weaknesses of correlation algorithm, simulated annealing algorithm, and particle swarm optimization algorithm are studied in this paper. A hybrid optimization algorithm is proposed by drawing upon the three algorithms, and the specific application processes are given. To extract the current fundamental signal, the correlation algorithm is used. To identify the motor dynamic parameter, the filtered stator current signal is simulated using simulated annealing particle swarm algorithm. The simulated annealing particle swarm optimization algorithm effectively incorporates the global optimization ability of simulated annealing algorithm with the fast convergence of particle swarm optimization by comparing the identification results of asynchronous motor with constant torque load and step load.
Analysis of the Separator Thickness and Porosity on the Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Rajagopalan Kannan Dhevathi Rajan , Terala Pranaya Krishna , Moss Pedro L. , Weatherspoon Mark H.
Published: July 2018

In this paper, investigation on the effect of separator thickness and porosity on the performance of Lithium Iron Phosphate batteries are analyzed. In recent years there have been intensive efforts to improve the performance of the lithium-ion batteries. Separators are important component of lithium-ion batteries since they isolate the electrodes and prevent electrical short-circuits. Separators are also used as an electrolyte reservoir which is used as a medium for ions transfer during charge and discharge. Electrochemical performance of the batteries is highly dependent on the material, structure, and separators used. This paper compares the effects of material properties and the porosity of the separator on the performance of lithium-ion batteries. Four different separators, polypropylene (PP) monolayer and polypropylene/polyethylene/polypropylene (PP/PE/PP) trilayer, with the thickness of 20 μm and 25 μm and porosities of 41%, 45%, 48%, and 50% were used for testing. It was found that PP separator with porosity of 41% and PP/PE/PP separator of 45% porosity perform better compared to other separators.
Design of Testing Period for Reliability Assessment of Numerical Control Machine Tools Considering Working Conditions
Authors: Hongzhou Li , Lixia Sun
Published: July 2018

The existing methods of determining testing period do not consider the effect of working condition covariates on reliability testing period of Numerical Control (NC) machine tools, which may lead to high-cost testing or low-precision assessment. Aiming at the problem, a new method of determining the testing period considering working condition covariates is proposed. The change rate of interval estimation of Mean Time between Failures (MTBF) is used as the criterion for determining the length of testing period. The reliability model of NC machine tools is established by the Cox proportional hazards model, and the two-step estimation method is used to estimate parameters of the baseline failure rate function and the coefficients of working condition covariates. The Bootstrap resamples are obtained by the Bootstrap resampling method. And then the parameters of the baseline failure rate function and the coefficients of working condition covariates are estimated simultaneously by maximum likelihood method, and thus interval estimations of MTBF under each covariate are obtained. The change rate models of MTBF interval estimation under each covariate level are established by Power function, and the testing periods under each covariate are obtained. Case study indicates that the testing periods under each covariate obtained by the proposed method are more accurate than those obtained by the others, when the same criterion and confidence level 1-α are set.
Dynamical Analysis Applied to Passive Control of Vibrations in a Structural Model Incorporating SMA‐SE Coil Springs
Authors: Moraes Yuri J. O. , Silva Antonio A. , Rodrigues Marcelo C. , de Lima Antonio G. B. , dos Reis Rômulo P. B. , da Silva Paulo C. S.
Published: July 2018

Mechanical vibrations are severe phenomena of the physical world. These oscillations may become undesirable and may cause temporary and even irreversible damage to the system. There are several techniques to minimizing these vibration effects ranging from passive methods to the use of controllers with smart materials. In this sense, this study aims to analyze a passive vibration control system installed in a structure that simulates two‐floor buildings. This system based on the incorporation of one SMA‐SE (Superelastic Shape Memory Alloys) coil springs configuration for energy dissipation and the addition of damping. Modal analysis was performed using analytical, numerical, and experimental methods. In an experimental basis, response amplitudes were analyzed for free and forced vibrations in different configurations. As compared with the structure configuration with steel spring, the forced vibrations FRF (Frequency Response Function) analysis showed a reduction in displacement transmissibility of up to 51% for the first modal shape and 73% for the second mode in the SMA‐SE coil spring configuration. As for damping, there was a considerable increase in the order of 59% in the first mode and 119% in the second, for the SMA‐SE springs configuration.
Treatment of a Neglected Patellar Tendon Rupture with a Modified Surgical Technique: Ipsilateral Semitendinosus Autograft Reconstruction with Suture Tape Augmentation
Authors: Samagh Sanjum P. , Huyke Fernando A. , Buchler Lucas , Terry Michael A. , Tjong Vehniah K.
Published: July 2018

Patellar tendon ruptures are rare, but debilitating injuries are typically seen in young active males in the third and fourth decades of life. They can occur as a single acute injury or from repetitive microtrauma weakening the tendon. Patients typically present complaining of knee pain, swelling, and an inability to perform a straight leg raise. Most conventionally, these injuries are classified as acute (less than two weeks) or chronic (greater than two weeks) based upon the timing of presentation. In patients with patellar tendon ruptures and inability to perform a straight leg raise, patellar tendon repair is most often recommended. A subset of patients with chronic patellar tendon ruptures, however, presents several months after their initial injuries. These neglected patella tendon ruptures present a particularly challenging clinical scenario in which primary repair is often difficult or not possible. This case report describes a modification to an existing surgical technique for reconstructing the patellar tendon using an ipsilateral semitendinosus tendon autograft with suture tape augmentation.
Practical Consequences Resulting from the Analysis of a 21-Multigene Array in the Interdisciplinary Conference of a Breast Cancer Center
Authors: Voelker Hans-Ullrich , Frey Lea , Strehl Annette , Weigel Michael
Published: July 2018

During the multidisciplinary planning of postoperative therapy after breast cancer, borderline cases can arise with no clear rationale for or against adjuvant chemotherapy. In 50 hormone- receptor-positive, Her2neu-negative carcinomas of the breast with no or only minimal lymph node involvement (max. pT1a) we initiated an Oncotype DX® multigene assay in addition to the evaluation of usual parameters. In the oncology conference a vote for or against chemotherapy was taken on the basis of the conventional criteria for decision-making before the test results were available. The final recommendation was made after the multigene test. In 32 breast carcinomas (64%) a low recurrence score could be documented, while 26 (32%) showed an intermediate RS and 3 (6%) showed a high RS. In most cases the result of the test could validate the choice of therapy established using conventional criteria. In 5 cases the initial recommendation for adjuvant therapy was revised, and in 3 cases chemotherapy was secondarily recommended after evaluation of the test results. Conversely, in some cases a low or intermediate risk constellation did not argue against a recommendation for adjuvant chemotherapy. Altogether, the results of our study do not indicate that a multigene assay should be used as a routine diagnostic tool. Instead a thorough compilation and careful analysis of conventional parameters for therapeutic decision-making should take precedence, with special emphasis on histopathological and immunohistochemical results. In selected cases, however, a multigene assay can be a useful tool in the deliberation for or against a therapeutic pathway.
Estimation of Actual Evapotranspiration Distribution in the Huaihe River Upstream Basin Based on the Generalized Complementary Principle
Authors: Gao Jiaqi , Qiao Miao , Qiu Xinfa , Zeng Yan , Hua Huanhuan , Ye Xiuzhi , Adamu Mustapha
Published: July 2018

The accurate estimation of actual evapotranspiration can help improve the utilization of water resources and ease the ecological stress. Based on the generalized complementary principle proposed by Brutsaert in 2015, we used meteorological and hydrological data to estimate the actual evapotranspiration at a resolution of 1 km × 1 km between the years of 1961 and 2000 and also verified the model’s stability. In this study, we used the water balance equation to calibrate the parameters, coupled with the spatial simulation results of the meteorological elements in the actual evapotranspiration model. The estimation results of actual evapotranspiration show that the generalized complementary principle model had high estimation precision in this basin, with an average absolute error of 16.64 mm and an average relative error of 2.25%. With respect to spatial distribution, the average actual evapotranspiration over the years in the basin tended to have high and low distribution in the northern and southern parts of the basin, respectively. The actual evapotranspiration in the basin showed a decreasing trend over the period, with a rate of 24.1 mm/10 years. Correlation coefficient analysis showed that the percentage decreases in percentage sunshine and the decreases in the daily range of temperature were the main reasons for the decrease in actual evapotranspiration.
The Notch Pathway in Breast Cancer Progression
Authors: Kontomanolis Emmanuel N. , Kalagasidou Sofia , Pouliliou Stamatia , Anthoulaki Xanthoula , Georgiou Nikolaos , Papamanolis Valentinos , Fasoulakis Zacharias N.
Published: July 2018

Objective. Notch signaling pathway is a vital parameter of the mammalian vascular system. In this review, the authors summarize the current knowledge about the impact of the Notch signaling pathway in breast cancer progression and the therapeutic role of Notch’s inhibition.Methods. The available literature in MEDLINE, PubMed, and Scopus, regarding the role of the Notch pathway in breast cancer progression was searched for related articles from about 1973 to 2017 including terms such as “Notch,” “Breast Cancer,” and “Angiogenesis.”Results. Notch signaling controls the differentiation of breast epithelial cells during normal development. Studies confirm that the Notch pathway has a major participation in breast cancer progression through overexpression and/or abnormal genetic type expression of the notch receptors and ligands that determine angiogenesis. The cross-talk of Notch and estrogens, the effect of Notch in breast cancer stem cells formation, and the dependable Notch overexpression during breast tumorigenesis have been studied enough and undoubtedly linked to breast cancer development. The already applied therapeutic inhibition of Notch for breast cancer can drastically change the course of the disease.Conclusion. Current data prove that Notch pathway has a major participation and multiple roles during breast tumor progression. Inhibition of Notch receptors and ligands provides innovative therapeutic results and could become the therapy of choice in the next few years, even though further research is needed to reach safe conclusions.
Dual-Layer Optimal Dispatching Strategy for Microgrid Energy Management Systems considering Demand Response
Authors: Pan Tinglong , Liu Hui , Wu Dinghui , Hao Zeliang
Published: July 2018

The continuous development of microgrid’s technology creates favorable conditions for the access of distributed energy. Firstly, in order to consider the interests of the demand side and the power side, this paper presents a dual-layer optimal dispatching model of microgrid based on demand response. The objective of the first-layer optimization is to obtain the maximum load satisfaction and to optimize the load curve. The objective of the second-layer optimization is to make the microgrid system economical and environmentally friendly and to optimize the power utilization ratio. And a microsource control strategy based on the isolated microgrid is proposed, which can optimize the operation state of battery and improve the economy of the system. Finally, the Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) is adopted to solve the optimal scheduling problem of the isolated microgrid. The simulation results indicate that the microsource scheduling strategy proposed in this paper can improve the operation economy and environmental conservation of the system. It can improve the reliability of microgrid power supply and reduce energy waste.