bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diferencia de los niveles de actividad física, sedentarismo y hábitos alimentarios entre universitarios de diferentes programas de la salud de una universidad privada en Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Díaz-Muñoz Gustavo Alfonso , Pérez Hoyos Angie Katherine , Cala Liberato Diana Paola , Mosquera Rentería Lina María , Quiñones Sánchez María Camila
Published: May 2021

Introducción: La promoción de estilos de vida saludables por el profesional de salud depende de sus propios hábitos, los cuales se afianzan durante la formación universitaria. Sin embargo, los hábitos alimentarios, niveles de actividad física y sedentarismo pueden variar entre universitarios de distintos programas del área de la salud. Objetivo: identificar las diferencias de los niveles de actividad física y de hábitos alimentarios entre estudiantes de diferentes programas del área de la salud de una universidad privada en Bogotá. Material y métodos: estudio transversal en estudiantes de I-IV semestre de enfermería, instrumentación quirúrgica, medicina, odontología y optometría durante agosto 2017. Se midió actividad física (IPAQ-SF) y hábitos alimentarios (cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo). Se emplearon las pruebas χ2 y Kruskal-Wallis para las comparaciones entre programas.Resultados: participaron 692 estudiantes y 77,8% fueron mujeres. Instrumentación mostró el más bajo porcentaje de consumo de almuerzo (88%; p0,004); en la población se presentó bajo consumo de todos los grupos de alimentos, específicamente odontología tuvo bajo consumo de cereales (29%; p0,021) y enfermería de frutas (35%; p0,04) y carnes-huevos-leguminosas (35%; p0,01). Por otra parte, medicina presentó la mayor prevalencia de nivel alto de actividad física (41%; p0,002) y enfermería el mayor porcentaje de nivel bajo (60%; p0,01).Conclusiones: Se encontraron diferencias en los niveles de actividad física y hábitos alimentarios entre los distintos programas evaluados. Se deberían realizar intervenciones a nivel curricular y de promoción de la salud para mejorar los estilos de vida de los universitarios.
Patrón de sueño, estado nutricional e ingesta dietética en agentes de seguridad de la Ciudad de Panamá: Un estudio transversal
Authors: Herrera Deisybeth , Ng Cristel , Durán-Agüero Samuel , Rios-Castillo Israel
Published: May 2021

Introducción: La alteración del patrón de sueño, la alimentación y el estado nutricional en los agentes de seguridad con turnos rotativos era un tema no estudiado en la Ciudad de Panamá. El objetivo fueevaluar el patrón de sueño, estado nutricional y la ingesta dietética en agentes de seguridad de la Ciudad de Panamá. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal en 130 agentes de seguridad y bomberos en la Ciudad de Panamá, realizado de marzo a diciembre de 2019. Se aplicó cuestionarios de evaluación sociodemográfica (sexo, edad, procedencia, antecedentes patológicos, entre otros), medidas de insomnio, escala de somnolencia de Epworth y cuestionario de Pittsburg de calidad de sueño. Para el estado nutricional se usó antropometría, peso talla y circunferencia de la cintura; y la ingesta mediante recordatorio de 24 horas. Se consideró exceso de peso cuando el índice de masa corporal (IMC) fue ≥25 kg/m2, obesidad de ≥30 kg/m2, y obesidad abdominal cuando la cintura fue ≥88 en mujeres y ≥102 en hombres. Resultados: Se evaluaron 130 sujetos, edad media de 38,9 (9,4) años (96,6% masculino). Mediana (rango intercuartílico) para energía es 2310 (1764 – 3056) kcal/d, para % adecuación de fibra es 50,8 (30,4 – 78,8)%, calcio de 39,9 (22,7 – 62,7)%; vitamina C de 39,4 (11,5 – 118,5)% y vitamina A de 38,0 (16,5 – 66,2)%. La proporción de obesidad abdominal es 44,6%; exceso de peso de 85,4%; y, obesidad de 53,9%; el 19,2% reporta insomnio; 94,6% somnolencia; 43,1%; presentan dificultad para dormir; y 56,9% duerme menos de 7 horas al día. Conclusiones: Alta proporción de exceso de peso y obesidad por IMC; y obesidad abdominal según perímetro de cintura. Además de alteraciones en la calidad del sueño. La dieta es excesiva en calorías, grasas y carbohidratos y deficiente en vitamina C, vitamina A, calcio y fibra.
BMI-BFMNU: A structural index linked to fat mass
Authors: Soriano del Castillo José Miguel , Sechi Paola , Boselli Pietro Marco
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Body mass index (BMI) provides little information on body composition. For example, two people with the same BMI might have different body compositions. In this sense, the development of a new BMI able to provide body composition information is of clinical and scientific interest. The aim of the study was to suggest a new modified BMI formula.Material and methods: A total of 108 subject, females 56 and males 52, 0-73 years old, in various physiopathological conditions were evaluated. Data were collected and processed by a program that through anthropometric measurements calculates classic BMI, volume, surface, V/S (that we can defined like a body-thickness “pseudospessore”) and the new BMI-BFMNU.Results: The basic formula (BMI =Body Mass [kg]/Height [m2]) uses the height squared as the value of the body surface, although this is only an approximation of the real surface, whereas using the real surface instead, the new BMI reflects better the ratio between the body volume and its surface. The ratio called "pseudospessore" is already used in literature from the BFMNU (Italian acronym refereed to Biologia e Fisiologia Modellistica della Nutrizione Umana) method and has been shown to be related to the amount of fat.Conclusions: Using the BMI-BFMNU, it is possible to obtain an indication of the body structure related to the amount of fat. The consequence is that the obtained numerical values do not coincide with the traditional BMI’s values and will refer to different normal ranges. For instance, a person may be in the range of normal weight for both BMI measurements, but only the BMI-BFMNU detects whether a person has a higher or lower fat content considering the individual’s category. This study opens up to new possible future developments on the application of the new BMI that will allow a more accurate assessment and classification of patients.
Teacher attrition: Human capital and terms of employment – Do they matter?
Authors: Arviv Elyashiv Rinat , Navon Yael
Published: May 2021

Addressing Sorensen and Tuma's resource–reward theory, we explored teacher attrition from an economic perspective. The study aimed to explore the extent to which teachers' resources and terms of employment correlate with attrition behavior. In a sample of 10,340 Israeli K-12 teachers it was found that many beginning teachers who left the profession were relatively highly educated. Although the literature stresses teachers’ intrinsic motivation for choosing their career, the findings, in line with earlier empirical studies, suggest that job rewards do play an important role in teachers' career decisions. Moreover, the current findings suggest that at lower salary levels, the rewards-attrition association differs by teacher higher-education level. That is, the attrition rates of highly-educated teachers drop more sharply as salary increases, as expected by the theory. Some explanations and policy recommendations are made.
Obsidian from the Site of Piano dei Cardoni, Ustica (Palermo, Italy): Preliminary Results on the First Occupation of the Island
Authors: Speciale Claudia , Freund Kyle P. , de Vita Sandro , Larosa Nunzia , Forgia Vincenza , Battaglia Giuseppina , Tykot Robert H. , Vassallo Stefano
Published: May 2021

New investigations on Ustica (Palermo, Sicily) originated from the need to improve our knowledge of the island’s archaeological and environmental heritage. Through field surveys, particular attention was paid to human occupation in the Neolithic phases and focused on the less investigated southern side of the island. The systematic survey of the area of Piano dei Cardoni in 2018 brought to light a new Middle/Late Neolithic site, already partially documented in the literature. The island was settled for the first time during these phases, as also testified from the area of Punta Spalmatore. The presence of Serra d’Alto, incised dark burnished, and Diana styles suggests that the site and the archaeological assemblage dates from the mid to late 5th millennium BC, as confirmed by AMS dating. In addition to pottery, obsidian artifacts were also recovered, and a preliminary study of these materials is presented here. Portable XRF analyses on a sample of 41 obsidian artifacts, representing a high percentage of the lithic assemblage compared to chert tools, show that the provenance of the raw material is Gabellotto Gorge (Lipari) and Balata dei Turchi (Pantelleria). These results provide new insight into broader regional debates about obsidian technology and its exchange during the Neolithic and open an important consideration for sites that are far from the raw material sources.
Surface levels of organic conductors in a tilted in-plane magnetic field
Authors: Krstovska Danica , Skeparovski Aleksandar
Published: May 2021

Surface quantum states in quasi-two dimensional organic conductors induced by an external magnetic field tilted in the plane of the layers are obtained and analyzed. In tilted magnetic fields, these states arise from the transitions of the electrons between the closed orbits on the sides of the Fermi surface determined by the electron momentum along the magnetic field direction p

B
and the coordinate of the center of electron revolution Z. By far, in organic conductors, the surface states have not been studied for tilted magnetic fields. In this work, we have performed detail analyses of the surface states in a tilted in-plane magnetic field by calculating the surface energy spectrum and surface wave functions in order to address their properties and features. We find that, in a tilted magnetic field, the surface levels have higher energies compared to those at zero tilt angle but can be observed only up to a certain tilt angle. The resonant magnetic field and angular values at which the peaks in the surface oscillations should be observed are obtained. Further theoretical and new experimental studies of the surface states in a tilted magnetic field might give new insights into the surface properties of quasi-two dimensional organic conductors. Additionally, they may reveal new information about the parameters of the Fermi surface of organic conductors necessary for its reconstruction.
Afrikai citerák
Authors: Brauer-Benke József
Published: May 2021

A general historical survey of African zither types cannot fail to highlight the disproportionalities brought about in the study of Africa by the essentialistic ideology of Afrocentrism. Thus the widely known videoclip of the 1987 hit Yé-ké-yé-ké by the late Mory Kante (d. 22nd May 2020), musician and composer of Guinean Mandinka origin has allowed millions to experience the kora harp lute with which he accompanied his song and popularized this instrument as well as the musical tradition of the West African griots, while the obviously related mvet harp zither is scarcely known today. This despite the fact that both the latter instrument type and its specialists, the mbomo mvet master singers, played a very similar role in the cultures of the Central African chiefdoms, as did the nanga bards playing the enanga trough zither in the East African kingdoms. Another important and interesting historical insight provided by a careful morphological and etymological analysis of African zither types and their terminology that takes comparative account of South and Southeast Asian data and ethnographic parallels concerns the possibility of borrowings. Thus stick and raft zither types may well have reached the eastern half of West Africa and the northeastern part of Central Africa – several centuries prior to the era of European geographical explorations – owing to population movements over the Red Sea. It seems therefore probable that the African stick bridges harp zithers (in fact a sui generis instrument type rather than a subtype of zithers) developed from South Asian stick zither types. On the other hand, tube zithers and box zithers – fretted-enhanced versions of the stick zither – certainly reached Africa because of the migration of Austronesian-speaking groups over the Indian Ocean, since their recent ethnographic analogies have survived in Southeast Asia as well. By contrast types of trough zither, confined to East Africa, must have developed in Africa from box zither types, which are based on similar techniques of making the strings tense. The hypothesis of African zither types having originated from beyond the Indian Ocean is further strengthened by the absence of these instruments in such regions of Sub-Saharan Africa as the Atlantic coast of West Africa as well as in Northeast, Southwest and South Africa. Thus the historical overview of African zither types also helps refute the erroneous idea that prior to the arrival of European explorers and colonizers the continent was isolated from the rest of the world. In fact seafaring peoples such as the Austronesians, Chinese, Indians, Arabs and Persians did continually reach it, bringing with them cultural artifacts, production techniques and agricultural products among other things, which would then spread over large distances along the trade routes over Africa.
Effects of Photobiomodulation/Laser Therapy Combined With Resistance Training on Quadriceps Hypertrophy and Strength, and Postural Balance in Older Women: A Randomized, Triple-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Rodrigues Claudiane Pedro , Jacinto Jeferson Lucas , Roveratti Mirela Casonato , Merlo Jeanne Karlette , Soares-Caldeira Lúcio Flávio , Silva Ribeiro Alex , Nunes João Pedro , Junior Eros de Oliveira , Aguiar Andreo Fernando
Published: May 2021

Background and Purpose:

Physical and therapeutic strategies to maintain and rehabilitate skeletal muscle mass, strength, and postural balance are clinically relevant to improve the health, well-being, and quality of life of older adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM)/laser therapy combined with a resistance training (RT) program on quadriceps hypertrophy and strength, and postural balance in older women.

Methods:

In a randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled design, twenty-two older women (age 66.6 ± 5.2 years) were engaged in a supervised 10-wk RT program (2 times per week) involving unilateral leg extension exercise, in which each leg of the same participant was randomly assigned to receive active (λ = 808 nm, optical output = 100 mW, total energy = 42 J) or placebo laser PBM immediately before the RT sessions. Maximal dynamic strength by unilateral knee extension 1-repetition maximum (1RM), muscle hypertrophy by vastus lateralis muscle thickness, and postural balance by one-legged stance test on a force platform were assessed before and after the training program.

Results:

Significance statistical analysis revealed a similar improvement (time P = .003) from pre- to posttraining for muscle hypertrophy and strength, and postural balance between active and placebo laser conditions. However, clinical interpretation for muscle hypertrophy showed a moderate effect (effect size [ES] = 0.58) for the active laser and a small effect (ES = 0.38) for the placebo laser. Clinical difference was not noticed between conditions for other analyzed variables.

Conclusions:

These findings indicate that RT alone can be clinically important for counteracting the deleterious effects of aging on muscle size, strength, and balance, and that applying laser PBM therapy before the RT sessions may further improve gains in muscle hypertrophy.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DRYING METHODS ON THE PHENOLIC EXTRACTION FROM BUTTERNUT SQUASH POMACE
Authors: ŞİMŞEK Meriç , SÜFER Özge , GÜNDOĞDU Büşra
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı kurutma metotlarının (dondurarak kurutma, sıcak hava, vakum ve mikrodalga kurutma) balkabağı posasının (BP) renk parametreleri, toplam fenolik (TF) içeriği, toplam flavonoid (TFl) içeriği ve antioksidan aktivite (AA) üzerindeki etkisini gözlemlemektir. Ek olarak, fenolik madde ekstraksiyon koşulları Yanıt Yüzey Yöntemi ile dondurularak kurutulmuş BP ekstraktı kullanılarak optimize edilmiştir. BP kurutma koşulları; sıcak hava ve vakum kurutma için 30 ve 60 °C ve mikrodalga kurutma için 120 ve 600 W olarak belirlenmiştir. Kurutulmuş BP için; TF içeriği, TFl içeriği ve AA sırasıyla 1.88 ± 0.01- 4.86 ± 0.27 mg gallik asit eşdeğeri/g kuru madde, 1.32 ± 0.05-3.09 ± 0.29 mg kateşin eşdeğeri/g kuru madde ve 1.45 ± 0.15-4.27 ± 0.27 mg askorbik asit eş değeri/g kuru madde arasında değişmiştir. Bu çalışma kurutulmuş BP’nin biyoaktif potansiyeline bağlı olarak fonksiyonel bir bileşen olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.
Desarrollando Fondos de Conocimiento: Prácticas Educativas Socialmente Justas en el Contexto Español
Authors: Subero David
Published: May 2021

Los fondos de conocimiento (FdC), desde su origen a principios de la década de los noventa, han tenido como objetivo el desarrollo de prácticas educativas escolares sensibles y contextualizadas a las experiencias familiares del alumnado culturalmente diversos. Desde un marco sociocultural, el enfoque se ha convertido en un referente en prácticas de justicia social educativa asumiendo una visión crítica y poniendo en el centro de su acción transformadora la lucha contra las desigualdades estructurales, las relaciones de poder y la perspectiva del déficit cultural en educación como discurso dominante. A su vez, propone un marco teórico-metodológico para recuperar la dignidad y la representatividad de las familias en las escuelas, a través de sus conocimientos, recursos y fortalezas. El procedimiento consiste en visitar a las familias por parte de los docentes y recoger los fondos de conocimiento a través de entrevistas y técnicas etnográficas, para luego desarrollar unidades didácticas en el contexto escolar. A continuación, se presentan tres experiencias educativas en el contexto español guiadas por el enfoque de los FdC, en dónde se destacan prácticas pedagógicas originales, redistributivas y representativas con el objetivo de establecer actuaciones educativas culturalmente congruentes y avanzar hacia la inclusión.
Continuidad Educativa y Fondos de Conocimiento de Familias Venezolanas en Chile
Authors: Lamas Aicón Macarena , Thibaut Patricia
Published: May 2021

En los últimos años ha aumentado el número de estudiantes extranjeros en establecimientos educacionales. Así, este estudio se pregunta por los Fondos de Conocimiento (FdC) de familias venezolanas en el sur de Chile, como por las continuidades/discontinuidades con las prácticas educativas de la escuela pública chilena. A través del uso de metodología cualitativa con enfoque etnográfico, se realizó un total de quince entrevistas a cinco familias venezolanas, además de dos entrevistas grupales al profesorado de las escuelas en las que los hijos e hijas de estas familias estudian. Los resultados obtenidos a través de análisis de contenido señalan: alta continuidad de las prácticas, medios y fines entre las familias y las escuelas; alta valoración por parte del profesorado hacia estas familias migrantes, en relación a los sofisticados FdC que poseen asociado a su capital cultural y a su buen desempeño escolar, en contraste con los escolares locales. Esto sugiere mayor continuidad entre hogares venezolanos y escuela que entre hogares chilenos y escuela. En este sentido, la adherencia a la justicia social pone en evidencia la necesidad de atender también a los contextos en los que los estudiantes locales se están desarrollando, considerando integrar sus propios FdC en los proyectos curriculares.
Fondos de Identidad y Justicia Social a través de la Fotovoz “Ayotzinapa: Lugar de Tortugas”
Authors: Díaz Barriga Frida , Barroso Ramsés , López Edmundo Antonio
Published: May 2021

Se reporta la experiencia de fotovoz, estrategia de fotografía participativa derivada de la investigación acción participativa, con 30 estudiantes y profesores de la Normal Rural de Ayotzinapa, en Guerrero, México. Los participantes plasmaron como colectivo su interpretación de la justicia social y del papel del profesorado rural, que definieron como “pobres que educan pobres”. Las fotografías del entorno circundante, los murales e imágenes-objeto con narrativas de identidad grupal, plasman los fondos geográficos e históricos del contexto rural e indígena donde se forman para la docencia. Desvelaron sus redes de apoyo, la importancia de la familia, los símbolos de identidad enraizados en la cultura mexicana y las prácticas socioculturales vinculadas con un modelo educativo nacionalista basado en el socialismo, la educación pragmática y experiencial. Se da cuenta de su visión crítica del sistema capitalista y del activismo político que los caracteriza. La desaparición forzada de 43 estudiantes de esta escuela en septiembre de 2014 conmocionó al mundo y generó un amplio debate sobre la justicia social. Este hito histórico para la comunidad de Ayotzinapa permea su identidad docente, el sentido de su papel como agentes de cambio social y activistas políticos. Se presenta el sitio web con imágenes y narrativas.
Connecting Funds of Knowledge to Funds of Identity through a Bilingual Multimodal Project-Based Approach
Authors: Álvarez Adriana
Published: May 2021

This study analyzed how bilingual multimodal projects that children and families from Mexican immigrant backgrounds created together facilitated expressions of their funds of knowledge and funds of identity as part of classroom instruction. Twenty-two students and their families participated creating biliteracy family projects that integrated their lives, experiential knowledge and bilingualism into classroom learning in their first-grade bilingual classroom in a U.S. school. Drawing from a sociocultural theoretical lens informed by funds of knowledge, funds of identity and multimodal social semiotics perspectives, children’s projects depicted their transnational experiences and their close family networks of support as important funds of knowledge in their lives. Findings illustrate how children internalized these experiences as funds of identity, which included their self-expressions and identity constructions that asserted 1) their Mexican heritage and cultural simultaneity, 2) their roles to maintain family ties and contribute to the family’s well-being, and 3) their future selves and aspirations. A culturally sustaining project-based approach toward inviting and integrating children’s funds of knowledge and funds of identity can afford pedagogical advances that also foster family collaboration and challenge deficit ideologies by illuminating the depth and richness of children’s experiences, and how these are incorporated to construct their identities.
Percepción y Accesibilidad Tecnológica de Universitarios en el Suroeste de República Dominicana durante el Covid-19
Authors: Santos Leandro M. , Grisales Diana , Suero Rico José
Published: May 2021

La pandemia generó suspensión de clases presenciales y la implementación de la educación virtual. El objetivo de este estudio fue diagnosticar y analizar la percepción de estudiantes universitarios y su accesibilidad tecnológica durante la emergencia educativa en el suroeste de República Dominicana (enero-abril de 2020). Se empleó un método mixto de investigación, se aplicó una encuesta y se analizaron las respuestas mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencia estadística, análisis descriptivo y construcción de redes semánticas. Respecto a la accesibilidad tecnológica, los resultados muestran que predomina el uso de teléfonos en vez de computadoras y falta de acceso a Internet. Según los estudiantes existen más aspectos negativos que positivos en la educación virtual, ya que faltan equipos tecnológicos y accesibilidad a internet, lo que genera frustración e incomodidad, así como dificultades de aprendizaje. También la sobrecarga de asignaturas y actividades, ya que más de 60 tareas fueron asignadas para desarrollar en un mes, lo que para ellos demuestra insensibilidad de los docentes frente a la situación. El distanciamiento social generó ansiedad debido al aislamiento y falta de concentración para el aprendizaje. Entre los aspectos positivos está el uso de la tecnología, que facilita el aprendizaje y permite la continuidad de los estudios.
Transformando el Menosprecio en Reconocimiento. Comunidades Escolares Movilizadas
Authors: Ferrada Donatila , Pino Miguel Del
Published: May 2021

El modelo de justicia social de reconocimiento ha adquirido particular connotación en el marco de los movimientos sociales contemporáneos, de forma especial en aquellos colectivos tradicionalmente invisibilizados, como comunidades indígenas, rurales, urbano marginales, entre muchas otras. Enlazador de mundos es un movimiento social chileno que se auto organiza en este tipo de contextos, por medio de aulas comunitarias dialógicas, a fin de superar la infravaloración del patrimonio cultural de estas comunidades en los currícula oficiales. Conocer cómo se organizan estos colectivos para superar las injusticias en estas aulas, resulta de interés. Mediante una investigación acción participativa, se identificaron las formas de injusticia/menosprecio y justicia/reconocimiento producidas en las dinámicas organizativas que adoptan los colectivos sociales que forman parte de estas aulas comunitarias. Para ello, se constituyeron tres comunidades de investigación en tres escuelas en diversidad de contextos culturales: campesino, minero, mapuce, en diferentes regiones geográficas del país. Los resultados evidencian, por una parte, que las dinámicas organizativas de los colectivos que movilizan las aulas comunitarias, son capaces de generar justicia social atribuible a diferentes formas de reconocimiento, y por otra, que las injusticias identificadas como formas de menosprecio, resultaron ser las gatillantes del proceso transformador dialógico que logra producir la justicia de reconocimiento social.
Niveles de Progresión de Gestión de la Convivencia Escolar a Nivel Intermedio en Chile
Authors: Ascorra Paula , Cárdenas Mancilla Karen , Torres Vallejos Javier
Published: May 2021

La crisis mundial generada por el COVID-19 ha tenido diversas repercusiones a nivel global. Esta situación nos invita a reflexionar sobre nuestra institucionalidad y la importancia de la escuela dentro de los procesos de inestabilidad. En este aspecto, la gestión escolar a nivel intermedio o distrital (sostenedores en Chile) se realza como un agente clave en la articulación territorial y atención a necesidades de cuidado con sus comunidades escolares. En este artículo se propuso conocer las modalidades de gestión en convivencia escolar existentes en sostenedores chilenos. Mediante un análisis de conglomerados bietápico y un árbol de decisiones, se identificaron grupos de sostenedores de acuerdo con su gestión de la convivencia escolar. Los resultados muestran la presencia de tres niveles de gestión, cuyos abordajes varían de menor a mayor complejidad. Estos grupos se diferencian según características como la dependencia (pública o subvencionada), cantidad de escuelas a cargo, conocimiento del territorio y reconocimiento del logro en convivencia. Asimismo, se identifica como central la socialización de roles y funciones de estos encargados. Se discute la necesidad de evaluar las condiciones político-institucionales que afectan el abordaje y gestión en convivencia escolar a nivel intermedio, lo que resulta crucial en situaciones de crisis.
Estrategias y Mecanismos para la Construcción de una Cultura de Paz en la Educación Secundaria en Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Acosta Oidor Catalina , Tabares Rojas Luz Ángela , Castillo Acosta Paula Natalia , López Andrade María Catalina , Luque Ramírez Luisa Fernanda , Ortiz Arévalo Ana María , Vargas Rodríguez Nataly
Published: May 2021

El presente artículo es resultado de una investigación sobre los mecanismos y estrategias promovidos en la educación secundaria para generar una cultura de paz en Colombia, una sociedad que busca transformar un contexto generalizado de conflicto armado en un ambiente donde primen las soluciones negociadas.  Esta intención se manifiesta a través de la firma del acuerdo de paz en 2016, entre el gobierno de 2010 -2018 y la guerrilla FARC. La sociedad experimentó desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX las consecuencias de este conflicto, evidenciadas en la priorización de la violencia como mecanismo para gestionar las diferencias. Por esta razón, se hace necesario evidenciar las formas en las que se prepara a la sociedad para un ambiente pacífico. Uno de los escenarios principales para ello es sin duda el sistema educativo –escuelas, colegios, universidades-. En el presente caso se estudia la experiencia de dos colegios: IED Antonio José Uribe y Santa Francisca Romana de Bogotá. A través de una metodología mixta que involucró encuestas, entrevistas y talleres, se evidenció cómo la paz y la violencia son dos ejes presentes en la vida cotidiana y no necesariamente se restringen a consideraciones sobre lo que ocurre a nivel político.
Characterization of white matter branching in human cerebella: quantitative morphological assessment and fractal analysis of skeletonized MR images
Authors: Maryenko Nataliia , Stepanenko Oleksandr
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate branching characteristics of the human cerebellar white matter by the means of findings obtained from the quantitative morphological assessment and fractal analysis of the skeletonized MR images of the human cerebellum.
Methods: Thirty individuals with no apparent brain pathology (15 males and 15 females, ranging from 18 - 30 years of age) participated in this study. Their normal T2-weighted MR images of the cerebellar vermis (midsagittal plane) were examined. The skeletonizing procedure and subsequent quantitative morphological assessment of the acquired skeletonized MR images were performed. The following parameters were determined: the number of branches, the number of junctions, the amount of end-point voxels, junction voxels and slab voxels, the average and maximum branch lengths, the longest-shortest patch length, and the number of triple and quadruple points. Additionally, the individual branches of the obtained digital skeletons of the cerebellar white matter were examined and the following parameters were assessed: branch length variability, Euclidean distance, and branch length/Euclidean distance ratio. A fractal analysis was performed using the box counting method prior to and after the MR image skeletonizing procedure. The values of the fractal dimensions (FD) of both skeletonized and non-skeletonized MR images were calculated.
Results: It was established that the cerebella, which had the maximum values of the FD, possessed a large number of small branches approximately equal in length and which were connected by numerous junctions, forming numerous endpoints. Those cerebella, which had higher values of the average branch length and greater branch length variability, showed lower values of the FD. The key characteristics of the digital skeleton that determined the values of the FD of the cerebellum and its skeletonized MR images were the number of branches and the number of junctions that had the strongest correlational relationships with the FD of the skeletonized MR images. We submitted a proposition to consider the number of branches and amount of junctions as a diagnostic criterion in the determination of normal values of the FD.
Conclusions: The obtained data can be used as diagnostic criteria in assessment of the morphofunctional state of the cerebellum using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique.
Review of public policy for reducing the transport environmental impact
Authors: Krykhtina Yu.O. , Dombrovska S.M. , Stankevych S.M.
Published: May 2021

The transport infrastructure influenced the wildlife and landscapes by the direct destruction of biotopes. The main impacts are paving the road or water canal, chemical pollution of the environment by vehicle engine emissions, petrol, oil and lubricant, flushing of contaminants and anti-ice chemicals with rainwater and dust forms of chemical compounds; isolation of individual parts of biotopes, populations, organisms or dividing ecosystems into parts (fragmentation); collisions of living organisms with vehicles; changing of landscapes, influencing the hydrological network; oppression of internal species. It is indicated that each mode of transport pollutes the environment, but a significant advantage - 85% of all the pollution is carried out by road transport. Accordingly, the main measures to prevent the negative impact of transport on the environment should be the following: improvement and implementation of the legal mechanism regulating the reduction of harmful effects of mobile sources on the air and effective public administration to reduce mobile sources' harmful effects air. This strategy should be focused on the basic principles of sustainable development. It is proved that satisfaction of transport needs should not conflict with environmental and health priorities and disrupt future generations' interests.
Effects of essential oils on mycoflora and winter wheat seed germination
Authors: Rozhkova T.O. , Stankevych S.V. , Matsyura A.V.
Published: May 2021

The mycoflora of winter wheat seed consists of various fungi that differ as to the parasitism rate. Their harmfulness is connected with their phytotoxic action and ability to produce mycotoxins. Assuming that essential oils have an effective antifungal impact, we studied the effectiveness of 13 essential oils which were produced by LLC "Aromatyka", Ukraine (cinnamon, orange, peppermint, rosemary, vervain, ylang-ylang, sandal, fennel, lavender, eucalypt, bergamot, frankincense, and geranium) on securing of a group of fungi from winter wheat seeds. The seed mycoflora of Bogdana variety harvested in 2017-2020, which was grown in the North- Eastern Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine (Sumy oblast), was analyzed. A fungi complex analysis was made on the media PGA. The impact of essential oils on seed germinating ability and the length of wheat sprouts on the 7th day has been determined. A longterm studying of seed treatment by essential oils showed their effects on mycoflora formation. These plants affected not only the fungi amount but also changed their secure spectrum. The studies admit a negative impact of fungi on seed germination and plant development. The highest seed germination equaled 95% under its treatment with rosemary and orange oils. However, under seed treatment with rosemary oil, there appeared Fusarium sp. and Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem., which harms seed germination. Orange oil has increased the number of fungi of Penicillium sp. The best results (based on three indices) had sandal oil, under which the fungus colony has increased half, and seed germination equaled 61%, the sprout length was maximal when applying other oils (58.8 mm). The essential oils which fully inhibited seed and fungi development (cinnamon, fennel, vervain, geranium) were determined. The study of two of them as fungicides for treatments at the beginning of wheat flowering proved a similar effect to falcon on the change of the internal seed mycoflora.
Influence of keeping technology on the weight gain of the Aberdeen-Angus breed young animals in the colostrum period
Authors: Dydykina A.I. , Palii A.P. , Paliy A.P.
Published: May 2021

In beef cattle breeding, unlike dairy farming, the only product is a calf. Therefore, the industry's competitiveness directly depends on the annual retention from each cow and heifer calf, the preservation of calves, and the high growth energy of young animal growth throughout the rearing period. These indicators are influenced by many factors, one of which is the breeding technology. The colostrum period is the most critical; newborn calves that do not receive adequate attention at the beginning of this period die within the first two days of life or have growth retardation. Given this, it becomes urgent to establish the level of dependence between young animals' growth and the technology of keeping cows and calves during the colostrum period. The studies were performed on cows and calves of the Aberdeen-Angus breed having problems in interaction during the colostrum period due to a weak maternal instinct in cows or a sucking reflex in calves (problem pairs' cow-calf). The growth rates of bull-calves and heifers were studied: live body weight, average daily gains, absolute gains, and multiplicity of live weight gain. The factor of a new technological element - the transfer of problem pairs' cow-calf into correction sections, in the colostrum period, on the further growth of young growth was analyzed. Our studies have shown a potential difference (P=0.999) between the live weight of bull-calves, which in the colostrum period were transferred together with the cows to the correction sections, and those for which no correction sections were used. The advantage in live weight at the age of 18 months is 27% and 28% (P=0.999) in favor of bull-calves that were transferred; they prevailed by 28% (P>0.999) in average daily gains, and by 28% and 29% (P=0.999) in absolute terms. When compared by live weight at the age of 18 months, the heifers, which had been transferred to correction sections during the colostrum period, had an advantage of 26%. The average daily and absolute gains in these heifers were 29% greater than the heifers, which were not transferred.
CЕЗОННІ ЗМІНИ ТАКСОНОМІЧНОЇ СТРУКТУРИ ТА ЧИСЕЛЬНОСТІ СТАФІЛІНІД (COLEOPTERA, STAPHYLINIDAE) ГЕРПЕТОБІЮ УРБОЦЕНОЗІВ МІСТА ХАРКІВ (УКРАЇНА)
Authors: Putchkov A. V. , Komaromi N. A. , Batschynskaja J. A.
Published: May 2021

Всього в урбоценозах Харкова зареєстровано 66 видів стафілінід з 37 родів. Staphylinus caesareus та Drusilla canaliculata відзначені як еудомінанти, а 15 видів виявилися домінантами чи субдомінантами в більшості біотопів. Зростання числа видів відзначено з кінця квітня (12–15), і сягає максимуму в травні-червні (28–32 види). У липні– серпні відзначено по 10 та 16 видів відповідно, а восени – до 9 видів. Висока активність жуків характеризувалась одним–двома піками відзначеними з квітня до середини липня (але з максимумом в кінці травня). С другої половини літа чисельність стафілінід знижувалась, і досягала мінімуму восени. Перше збільшення чисельності жуків (кінець квітня-травень), обумовлено масовим виходом жуків, що перезимували. Другий пік чисельності (кінець червня-середина липня чи серпень) пов'язано як з появою жуків нового покоління, так і міграціями ряду видів стафілінід (особливо в літній період). Розглянуті сезонні зміни чисельності стафілінід у різних урбоценозах: парках, лісопарку, насадженнях центру та околиць міста і на присадибних ділянках. Висока чисельність стафілінід в центрі міста відзначена з квітня-травня (максимум) до початку червня. У парках та в Лісопарку, пік активності стафілінід спостерігали з другої половини квітня до середини травня, а значне зниження –з кінця червня до початку-середини серпня. Максимум чисельності Staphylinidae в насадженнях околиць міста характеризувалося одним-двома пікамим – з середини травня до червня та в першій половині червня, а різке зниження відзначено з середини літа. На присадибних ділянках пік чисельності в спостерігали у другій половині травня (2018)  та у другій половині квітня (2019), після чого активність Staphylinidae істотно знижувалась. Можна припустити, що підвищення чисельності стафілінід весною (кінець квітня-травень) у всіх біотопах обумовлено виходом, активним пошуком їжі і розмноженням особин, що перезимували (в першу чергу Staphylinus caesareus), а в ряді випадків (в середині червня) і появою жуків нового покоління (наприклад, для Drusilla canaliculata). В подальшому, зниження активності, обумовлено смертністю більшості жуків після відкладання яєць, міграціями в інші біотопи в зв'язку з погіршенням умов, наприклад, низькою вологості ґрунту і підвищенням температури влітку. Максимальні показники чисельності (на прикладі S. саesareus) навесні зареєстровано на півтора-два місяці раніше, ніж такі статевого індексу. Максимальна частка самиць відзначена з другої половини літа і до початку осені.
ХИЖИЙ КЛОП PERILLUS BIOCULATUS (HETEROPTERA, PENTATOMIDAE) ЯК АГЕНТ БІОЛОГІЧНОГО ЗАХИСТУ РОСЛИН
Authors: Barkar V. P. , Markina T. Yu.
Published: May 2021

Наведено аналіз наукових літературних джерел щодо еколого-біологічних особливостей хижого клопа Perillus bioculatus (Fabricius, 1775) – відомого ентомофага колорадського жука (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Sаy, 1824). Розглянуто доцільність використання даного виду як агента біологічного захисту рослин, зокрема насаджень картоплі (Solanum tuberosum L, 1753). Проаналізовано вітчизняний та европейський досвід акліматизації клопів у 60–70 роках ХХ сторіччя. В Україні локальні популяції Perillus bioculatus виявлені в Степу та Лісостепу, що вказує на екологічну гнучкість та адаптацію виду до місцевих умов, їх сприятливість для його повноцінного розвитку. На цей час біологічні особливості периллюса вивчено досить детально, що є підставою для його господарського використання. Трофічна спеціалізація клопа– представники родини листоїди, зокрема колорадський жук, але у країнах Європи спостерігається живлення іншими видами комах. У другій половині минулого сторіччя в багатьох країнах розпочались активні дослідження з визначення можливостей штучного розведення даного виду Perillus bioculatus як агента біологічного захисту рослин. Особливну увагу було приділено умовам зберігання особин. Оптимальним режимом утримання клопів є: температура повітря – +25–27°С, відносна вологість повітря – 70–75%, фотоперіод – 16 годин день/8 годин ніч. Як свідчить досвід вітчизняної технічної ентомології, для годування клопа у штучних умовах можливе використання личинок мучного хрущака (Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus, 1758.) та великої вощинної молі (Galleria mellonella Linnaeus, 1758). Відзначено перспективність виготовлення штучних поживних сумішей. Для вирощування клопа цілком придатним є обладнання, що використовується для розведення інших ентомофагів. Для потреб біометоду найдоцільніше використання клопа в личинковій стадії, оскільки дорослі комахи здатні покидати місця випуску, особливо за своєї високої щільності. Проте, ефективної технології масового розведення та використання даного виду до цього часу не існує.
The evolution of the concept of stress and the framework of the stress system
Authors: Lu Siyu , Wei Fang , Li Guolin
Published: May 2021

Stress is a central concept in biology and has now been widely used in psychological, physiological, social, and even environmental fields. However, the concept of stress was cross-utilized to refer to different elements of the stress system including stressful stimulus, stressor, stress response, and stress effect. Here, we summarized the evolution of the concept of stress and the framework of the stress system. We find although the concept of stress is developed from Selye’s “general adaptation syndrome”, it has now expanded and evolved significantly. Stress is now defined as a state of homeostasis being challenged, including both system stress and local stress. A specific stressor may potentially bring about specific local stress, while the intensity of stress beyond a threshold may commonly activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and result in a systematic stress response. The framework of the stress system indicates that stress includes three types: sustress (inadequate stress), eustress (good stress), and distress (bad stress). Both sustress and distress might impair normal physiological functions and even lead to pathological conditions, while eustress might benefit health through hormesis-induced optimization of homeostasis. Therefore, an optimal stress level is essential for building biological shields to guarantee normal life processes.
Celioscopy and partial salpingectomy in a pregnant bitch
Authors: Dalmolin Fabíola , Poerschke Andriele da Costa , Oliveira Marília Teresa de , Pinto Filho Saulo Tadeu Lemos , Feranti João Pedro Scussel , Brun Maurício Veloso
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT: This case report presents a celioscopy procedure followed by partial salpingectomy (PS) in a pregnant bitch referred to elective video assisted ovariohysterectomy. Through celioscopy it was visualized the embryonic vesicles and PS was performed after conversion to minioceliotomy. The puppies were born by eutocic delivery without clinical alterations. The case suggested that short and regular pneumoperitoneum is not deleterious to dog fetus and video surgery could be used in pregnant bitches. PS allows the fetus development and promotes bitch neutering.
Genetic and environmental factors that affect tick infestation in Nelore x Angus crossbreed cattle
Authors: Feltes Giovani Luis , Michelotti Vanessa Tomazetti , Prestes Alan Miranda , Rorato Paulo Roberto Nogara , Mello Fernanda Cristina Breda , Oliveira Mauricio Morgado , Roso Vanerlei Mozaquatro
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effects of seasons and latitude on tick counting and determined the best model to estimate genetic parameters for tick count and hair coat. Records of animals naturally exposed to ticks on farms in several Brazilian states and in Paraguay were used. The ANOVA was used to verify the effects of seasons and latitude on the tick count trait. Spring was the season with the highest average, followed by summer and autumn, which showed no differences between them. The winter presented the lowest average values. Latitude -11° had the highest mean value followed by latitude -18°. The Bayesian approach was used to evaluate tick count and hair coat and to identify a suitable model for estimating genetic parameters for use in genetic evaluations. The data were analyzed using an animal model with four different specifications for “fixed” purposes. The inference was based on a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). The criteria for selection of the Bayesian model indicated that the M1 model, which considered the breed composition in the contemporary group, was superior to the other models, both for tick count and hair coat. Heritability estimates for tick count and hair coat obtained using the M1 model were 0.14 and 0.22, respectively. The rank correlations between the models for tick count and hair coat were estimated and reordering was verified for tick count. The estimated genetic correlation between tick count and hair coat traits was negative (-0.12). These findings suggest that different genes regulate tick count and hair coat.
Carotid artery stenting has similar outcomes in men and women
Authors: Ansuategui Marina , Ibarra Gabriela , Romero Carmen , Comanges Alejandra , Gonzalez-Fajardo Jose A.
Published: May 2021

Abstract Background The aim of carotid interventions is to prevent cerebrovascular events. Endovascular treatment (carotid-artery-stenting/CAS) has become established as an alternative to open surgery in some cases. Historically, female sex has been considered as a perioperative risk factor, however, there are few studies regarding this hypothesis when it comes to CAS. Objectives To analyze the CAS results in our center adjusted by sex. Methods A retrospective cohort study was designed, including patients with carotid atheromatosis operated at a single center from January 2016 to June 2019. Our objective was to compare cardiovascular risk, including myocardial infarction, stroke, and mortality, by sex. Follow-up rates of stent patency, restenosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, and death were reported. Results 71 interventions were performed in 50 men (70.42%) and 21 women (29.57%). Mean age was 70.50 ± 10.72 years for men and 73.62 ± 11.78 years for women. Cardiovascular risk factors did not differ significantly between sexes. Mean follow-up was 11.28 ± 11.28 months. There were no significant differences in neurological events during follow-up. No adverse cardiological events were detected at any time. Regarding the mortality rate, during medium-term follow up there were 2 neurological related deaths with no significant differences between sexes (p=0.8432). Neither sex had higher rated of restenosis during long term follow-up (5.63% vs. 1.41%, p = 0.9693) or reoperation (1.41% vs. 1.41%, p = 0.4971). All procedures remained patent (<50% restenosis). Conclusions Despite the limitations of our study, CAS is a therapeutic option that is as effective and safe in women as in men. No sex differences were observed.