bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lærebokas dominerende posisjon i historieundervisningen - bare for elevenes skyld?
Authors: Justvik Nils Martinius
Published: August 2017

Spørsmål stilles ved historielæreres holdninger og bruk av læreverket i forberedelsen av undervisningen og i selve undervisningen. Sju intervjuer med historielærere i vgs. er empirien. Svært mye av lærernes forberedelse for undervisningen og selve undervisningen kretser omkring spørsmålet: Hvordan presentere lærebokstoffet på en slik måte at elevene får med seg kunnskapen – “vite-at”-kunnskapen. Til tross for denne læreboksentrereingen henter lærerne stoff utenfor læreverket. Metodekunnskapen - "vite-hvordan" viser seg å utgjøre en utfordring for lærerne som ikke alltid får tid til dette. Læreplanpunktet ”presentere en historisk person og drøfte hvordan samtidige ideer og samfunnsforhold påvirket denne personens tenkemåter og handlingen” er framme hos alle lærerne. Dette vitner om en praksisnær relisering av historiebevissthetsdidaktikken.
Lärarnas erfarenheter av deltagande i en datorbaserad interventionsstudie som syftar till att öka elevernas läsförmåga
Authors: Fälth Linda , Gustafson Stefan , Svensson Idor , Tjus Tomas
Published: August 2017

Flertalet studier har utforskat olika metoder med avsikt att utveckla skriftspråklig förmåga hos elever med läs- och skrivsvårigheter. Trots det är det få, om ens några, studier som har undersökt hur medverkande lärare upplevt sitt deltagande och vilka erfarenheter de gjort av att vara med i dessa studier. I en tidigare studie (Fälth, Gustafson, Tjus, Heimann, & Svensson, 2013; Gustafson, Fälth, Svensson, Tjus & Heimann, 2011) visade resultaten att de elever som under en interventionsperiod fick en kombination av datorbaserad fonologisk respektive ortografisk träning gjorde större framsteg på tester som mäter ordavkodning, fonologisk förmåga och läsförståelse än jämförelsegrupperna. Syftet med föreliggande studie är att utifrån ett lärarperspektiv utforska upplevelser och erfarenheter av att delta i ovan nämnda interventionsstudie och att belysa de kvantitativa resultat som finns rapporterade från studien. Arton lärare har intervjuats i denna studie. Resultaten visar att den fasta yttre struktur som interventionen erbjöd samt den flexibilitet som fanns inom respektive intervention upplevdes som positivt och som en bidragande faktor för de här elevernas läsframgångar. Resultaten visade också att kombinationsträningen gynnade både elevernas och lärarnas motivation till interventionen. Slutsatsen är att en datorbaserad lästräningsintervention med fasta ramar men med visst individanpassat innehåll kan vara såväl effektiv som motiverande och positivt påverka interventionerna.
Elever i årskurs 3 läser och samtalar om texter: En interventionsstudie
Authors: Reichenberg Monica
Published: August 2017

Svenska elevers läsförståelse har försämrats avsevärt. Sverige ligger nu under OECD genomsnittet. Samtidigt visar studier att elevers läsförståelse kan ökas om de får strukturerad undervisning .
I denna interventionsstudie deltar 64 elever från årskurs 3. Syftet med studien var att utvärdera två modeller för läsförståelse, Reciprocal Teaching och Questioning the Author (QtA). Eleverna har fått träna fyra gånger per vecka under åtta veckor. Sammanlagt blev det 32 samtal. Hälften av eleverna har fått träna efter en strategiorienterad undervisningsmetodik, Reciprocal Teaching (RT), medan den andra hälften har fått träna efter en innehållsorienterad undervisningsmetodik, Questioning the Author (QtA). Alla elever deltog i alla 32 samtalen där de fick läsa berättande texter.
Eleverna testades före och efter interventionen. Resultaten visade på en signifikant ökning i läsförståelse vare sig eleverna hade tränat efter strategiorienterad undervisning eller innehållsorienterad undervisning. Även elevernas läshastighet av sammanhängande text ökade i båda betingelserna, men den ökade mest för de elever som fått träna efter QtA .
Key words: strategiinriktad undervisningsmetodik, innehållsinriktad
Talaktsteoretiska perspektiv på skolans litteratursamtal: En studie i lärares lingvistiska strategier
Authors: Varga Anita
Published: August 2017

Dagens samhälle ställer allt högre krav på en muntlig och skriftlig kompetens. Detta reser höga krav på skolan att erbjuda en undervisning som stödjer eleverna i att utveckla sådana färdigheter. Forskningen har visat att elever genom textsamtal kan stödjas i att utveckla läsförståelse och även utvecklat metoder för hur sådan undervisning kan bedrivas. (Raphael 1982; Palincsar & Brown 1984; Baumann, Jones & Seifert-Kessel 1993; Franzén 1993; 2002; Guthrie et al. 1996; 2004;Sternberg & Grigorenko 2002a; 2002b; Oszkus 2006; Anmarkrud & Bråten 2012). Däremot saknas studier som specifikt belyser sådan undervisning utifrån ett språkvetenskapligt perspektiv och undersöker hur lärare med hjälp av sina lingvistiska yttrandehandlingar kan erbjuda eleverna stöd i att utveckla läsförmågan. Föreliggande artikel är ett viktigt bidrag inom detta område. Med analysinstrument hämtade ur talaktsteorin analyseras sekvenser ur fyra litteratursamtal i den svenska grundskolans årskurser 6 och 7. Syftet med studien är att identifiera, belysa och analysera kritiska aspekter i samtalet som stödjer eleverna i att utveckla läsförståelse. Studien visar hur lärarna genom sex olika talhandlingar erbjuder eleverna stöd i att identifiera, tillämpa och befästa läsförståelsestrategier, motivera och belägga sina tolkningar, internalisera ett ämnesrelaterat språk i det egna ordförrådet samt utveckla metakognition.
Halvdan Eikeland: Historie og demokratisk dannelse
Authors: Johanson Lisbeth Bergum
Published: August 2017

Anmeldelse av boka Historie og demokratisk dannelse.
Korpusbasert undervisning i fremmedspråkene: La elevens nysgjerrighet sette dagsorden
Authors: Cardona Margrete Dyvik , Didriksen Anders Alvsåker , Gjesdal Anje Müller
Published: August 2017

Korpus er en type digitale språkressurser (maskinlesbare tekstsamlinger) som er mye brukt i moderne lingvistikk som empirisk støtte for studiet av ulike språklige fenomener. Korpus kan med hell brukes i fremmedspråkundervisningen, men er frem til nå ikke i tilstrekkelig grad blitt tatt i bruk i norsk skole og høyere utdanning. I denne artikkelen gir vi en gjennomgang av eksisterende forskningslitteratur på feltet, med hovedvekt på bidrag fra det angloamerikanske språkområdet. Deretter går vi gjennom to korpus som er tilgjengelige for norske brukere, Norwegian-Spanish Parallel Corpus og Oslo Multilingual Corpus. Vi viser hvordan disse korpusene kan brukes i undervisningen av ulike språklige fenomener, fra vokabular til sosiolingvistiske fenomener.
På grunnlag av eksisterende forskning på pedagogiske applikasjoner av korpus samt våre egne forslag til undervisningsopplegg er det grunn til å tro at bruk av korpus vil kunne være et verdifullt bidrag til fremmedspråkundervisningen i norske klasserom. Likevel finnes visse utfordringer som hindrer at korpus tas i bruk. Både mangel på tid, gruppestørrelser og teknologiske hindre kan stå i veien. Bruk av korpus i fremtidens klasserom er også nært knyttet til ulike trender, både innenfor teknologi og forskning. For det først blir datateknologi stadig mer tilgjengelig, parallelt med at elevenes og studentenes digitale kompetanse øker. Dette er fenomener som begge skulle tilsi økt bruk av korpus. Videre er det en sterk bevegelse for å åpne opp tilgang til forskningsdata og –ressurser (Open Access) og denne bølgen kan også brukes til å åpne opp forskningsressurser, herunder korpus, for læringsformål. Til syvende og sist er spørsmålet om bruk av korpus i klasserommet imidlertid avhengig av en tettere dialog mellom lærere og korpuslingvister, både i lærerutdanningen så vel som gjennom faglig oppdatering underveis i yrkeslivet.
Metakognisjon om språk og språklæring i et flerspråklighetsperspektiv
Authors: Haukås Åsta
Published: August 2017

I denne artikkelen drøfter jeg betydningen av elevers refleksjon om språk og språklæring. Artikkelens første del gir en kort introduksjon til forskningsfeltet metakognisjon. Deretter presenterer jeg to underkategorier av metakognisjon som er særlig relevante i språkundervisningen, metalingvistisk bevissthet og bevissthet om språklæringsstrategier. I artikkelens andre del introduserer jeg hovedprinsippene i flerspråklighetsdidaktikken, gir eksempler på hvordan elevene kan reflektere over språk og språklæring i språkfagene og argumenterer for at økt vekt på metakognisjon i og på tvers av språkfagene er en nøkkel til bedre språkkompetanse hos fremtidige elever. Dette krever imidlertid et sterkere samarbeid mellom språkfagene i skole, lærerutdanning og forskning.
Teacher cognition and the teaching of EFL reading in Norwegian upper primary classrooms
Authors: Gilje Trine Mathiesen
Published: August 2017

This article is about a qualitative study of teacher cognition and the teaching of EFL reading in Norwegian upper primary classrooms. Teacher cognition, defined by Borg (2003, p.81) as ‘what teachers think, know, and believe and the relationships of these mental constructs to what teachers do in the language teaching classroom’, is a relatively new field of research, with few studies focussing on its link to the teaching of EFL reading skills in state schools or in young language learner classrooms. The study therefore aimed to explore upper primary EFL teachers’ reading-related materials and practices, what knowledge, attitudes and beliefs formed the basis of their choices, and the role of teacher education in this context. The method was semi-structured interviews with eight randomly selected 6th grade EFL-teachers. The study showed that the teachers primarily based their teaching of EFL reading on textbooks, used them in similar ways, but also used additional reading materials to varying extents. The teachers thus appeared to be heavily guided by their textbooks, in addition to intuition and routines. The impact of formal teacher education varied from teacher to teacher. Nevertheless, it was argued that pre-service and in-service teacher education will play an important role in helping future EFL teachers make and understand the choices they make about reading materials and pracices, so that they can meet the demands of increasingly diverse classrooms due to differences in linguistic, social and national backgrounds between pupils.
Conceptual Framework for Analyzing Qualities in Teacher Education: Looking at Features of Teacher Education from an International Perspective
Authors: Klette Kirsti , Hammerness Karen
Published: August 2017

Over hele verden har politiske diskusjoner om lærerutdanning og dens rolle for lærerkvalitet en tendens til å fokusere på debatter om lærerutdanningens karakter og behovet for avanserte sertifiseringsordninger for lærere. Vi argumenterer i denne artikkelen for at feltet har behov for et utvalg indikatorer—en rekke sterke, forskningsbaserte indikatorer som kan brukes både på store offentlige universiteter, samt små regionale høyskoler. Disse indikatorene må være relevante for lærersertifisering på tvers av alders- og utviklingsstadier. I denne artikkelen knytter vi oss til en pågående samtale om måter å koble teori og praksis i lærerutdanningen, og andre forskeres arbeid med å identifisere slike kvalitetsindikatorer for lærerutdanning, ved å analysere lærerutdanningsprogram i Finland, Norge, Chile, Cuba og USA. Vi foreslår at lærerutdanning blir designet rundt en klar og felles visjon om god undervisning; den er koherent ved at den kobler teori og praksis og gir muligheter til å lære som er på linje med programmets visjon for god undervisning; og den gir muligheter til å praktisere undervisning. Det er økende enighet i forskningslitteraturen om disse tegnene på kvalitet, og våre analyser viser at det også er et gryende empirisk grunnlag som gir støtte til verdien av dem.Nøkkelord: lærerutdanning, kvalitetsindikatorer, komparativ forskningAbstractAround the world, policy discussions of teacher education in relationship to teacher quality have tended to focus more closely around debates about the nature of teacher preparation and the need for teachers to possess advanced degrees or certification. The field is in need of an array of indicators, we argue in this article—a set of powerful, well-researched indicators that can be applied to large public universities as well as small regional colleges. These indicators need to be relevant for teacher certification across a variety of age-ranges and developmental stages. In this article, we report on a growing conversation about ways of linking theory and practice in teacher education, and efforts on the part of researchers to identify key features of powerful teacher education, analyzing teacher education programs in Finland, Norway, Chile, Cuba and the US. We propose that quality teacher education is designed around a clear and shared vision of good teaching; it is coherent in that it links theory with practice and offers opportunities to learn that are aligned with the vision of good teaching; and it offers opportunities to enact teaching. While these features are supported for the most part by growing consensus in the literature, there is also an emerging empirical base that provides support for the value of them, as suggested from these analyses.Keywords: teacher education, teacher preparation, quality indicators, comparative research
The challenge of transformation: Å arbeide med kunnskapsproblemet i lærerutdanningen
Authors: Ellis Viv
Published: August 2017

AbstractI read the articles in this special issue at a time of continuing turbulence in the policy environment in England, particularly for teacher education and particularly for university involvement in this activity. Yet as I read the papers in this special issue, I think the challenges we are both facing are very similar in one important respect: it seems to me that in England and Norway (and probably some other places too) we still haven’t worked out the relationship between the teaching profession and the university in the activity of teacher education.
Leadership for learning
Authors: Halvorsen Kjell Atle , Skrøvset Siw , Irgens Eirik Johannes
Published: August 2017

Hvordan konseptualiserer deltakere i den norske rektorutdanningen skoleledelse, og hvordan har deres deltakelse i programmet påvirket dem som ledere? Disse spørsmålene drøfter vi i denne artikkelen på grunnlag av data fra en gruppe på 63 studenter. Vi har analysert en av deres mappetekster og svar på et elektronisk spørreskjema med åpne spørsmål. Funnene drøftes i lys av teori om skoleledelse, Mintzbergs (2009) triangulære ledelsesteori og et gradert teorikonsept (Ertsås & Irgens, 2016). Deltakerne konseptualiserer skoleledelse som en kompleks praksis utøvd av kunnskapsrike rollemodeller, hvis lederskap er fokusert og transparent og for-ankret i felles kjerneverdier, med gode relasjoner mellom kolleger og fokus på elevenes læring. Deltakerne påpeker at ulike elementer i rektorutdanningen har påvirket den måten de utøver ledelse på. Kombinasjonen av sterk teori og praktiske øvinger synes å ha vært viktig. Funnene våre står i kontrast til den kritikken som har vært rettet mot utdanning av ledere internasjonalt. Våre analyser bygger på deltakernes selvrapportering. Dette setter grenser for hvilke konklusjoner vi kan trekke. Det er behov for mer forskning på forbindelsen mellom skolelederes uttrykte handlingsteori og den ledelsen de praktiserer.Nøkkelord: skoleledelse, lederutdanning, rektorutdanningenAbstractHow do participants in the National Leadership Education for School Principals conceptualize school leadership, and how has their participation in the program affected them as leaders? These are the questions analyzed in this article, based on data from a student cohort comprising 63 students. We have analyzed one of their portfolio texts and their responses to an electronic open-question survey. Findings are discussed in the light of school leadership theories, Mintzberg's (2009) triangular theory of leadership and a graded concept of theory (Ertsås & Irgens, 2016). Participants conceptualize school leadership as a complex practice exercised by knowledgeable role models, whose leadership is focused and transparent, rooted in common core values, sound working relations, bent on improving student learning. A variety of elements in the program have contributed to developing participant concepts of leadership. The fusion of strong theory and practical experience seems to have played a predominant role. Our findings contrast criticisms of management education programs in the international literature. Our analyses are based on participant self-reports, which restricts the scope of our conclusions. There is a need for further research on the links between leaders’ espoused conceptualizations of leadership and their actual leadership practice.Keywords: school leadership, leadership education, National leadership education for school leaders
Análise da Capacitação “Caminhos do Cuidado”: potenciais e desafios da formação de agentes comunitários de saúde e auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem no campo de álcool e outras drogas
Authors: Queiroz Isabela Saraiva de , Ferreira Nathália Lopes Gomes Pinto
Published: August 2017

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar de que modo a capacitação “Caminhos do Cuidado- Formação em Saúde Mental (crack, álcool e outras drogas)”, para agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS), auxiliares e técnicos de Enfermagem (ATEnf) das Equipes de Saúde da Família, pode contribuir na assistência ao usuáriode álcool e outras drogas. Analisou-se o material do curso com o objetivo de identificar potencialidades e limitações da proposta, considerando a formação e o trabalho dos profissionais. Verificou-se que o uso da metodologia ativa é um instrumento potente para o aprendizado dos ACS e ATEnf, por fomentar o papel ativo do aluno em sua aprendizagem e propiciar análise e reflexão sobre o tema do cuidado aos usuários de álcool e outras drogas.Entretanto, é necessário que a temática trabalhada na capacitação seja tratada de modo continuado, devido à sua complexidade, à existência de valores morais que impactam no trabalho e ao fato doparadigma da redução de danos ser relativamente recente no campo de trabalho com usuários de álcool e outras drogas.
O tempo presente: diálogo sobre a pós-modernidade
Authors: Rossetti Micaela Lüdke
Published: August 2017

Diversos teóricos dedicam seus estudos ao tempo presente: sociólogos, filósofos e críticos culturais, em uma perspectiva transdisciplinar, buscam caracterizações que viabilizem uma melhor compreensão da atualidade. Hipermodernidade, modernidade líquida ou pós-modernidade são algumas das nomenclaturas que Guy Debord, Jean-François Lyotard, Michel Maffesoli, Fredric Jameson, Zygmunt Bauman e Gilles Lipovetsky utilizam para discutir o período que vem se configurando a partir de 1950 nos países ocidentais. Este artigo expõe e aproxima os olhares de tais pensadores a fim de entender a sociedade contemporânea – uma sociedade baseada no capitalismo globalizado, no presente e na coexistência de pluralidades. O intuito é, com esses teóricos reunidos e suas ideias justapostas, traçar similaridades e disparidades entre suas percepções para ampliar o conhecimento sobre o momento imediato. O trabalho salienta, ainda, a importância da arte nesse contexto dada a sua capacidade de refletir e abarcar discursos heterogêneos, oportunizando ao homem sintonizar-se com a metamorfose que se desenvolve atualmente.
A Integração do Transporte Cicloviário com o Transporte Público por Ônibus através de Estações de Compartilhamento de Bicicletas
Authors: De Araújo Ivan Luiz Vieira , Parreiras Wesley Fernandes , Do Carmo Thays Fernandes
Published: August 2017

Com os constantes problemas de mobilidade, causados principalmente pelo crescimento rápido e desordenado das cidades, a reestruturação do espaço viário tornou-se essencial para melhorar a qualidade de vida das pessoas e diminuir os impactos causados pelos modos tradicionais de transporte. Este artigo avaliou a disposição dos alunos da PUC Minas Barreiro em utilizar Estações de Compartilhamento de Bicicletas (ECB's). Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa de opinião, socioeconômica e de preferência declarada, para definir os fatores que influenciam na utilização das ECB's e o perfil do potencial usuário. Avaliou também, a qualidade da ciclovia existente no Barreiro como: qualidade do piso, sinalização e traçado. Por fim, foi realizado o dimensionamento das ECB's.
Novas Tecnologias: Desafios e Perspectivas no Ensino Superior em Saúde
Authors: Barbosa Tatiana Péret
Published: August 2017

O presente trabalho busca abordar o uso de novas tecnologias no ensino superior com enfoque para a área de saúde, que conta com pouco aporte teórico sobre o tema. Para tanto apresenta uma revisão de literatura acerca do modelo TP(A)CK, ferramenta que possibilita o emprego de novas tecnologias no ensino, as atuais formas de letramento que surgem em meio a esse contexto e desafios e possibilidades de uso do M-learning na educação. Percebe-se que apesar das grandes vantagens e oportunidades oferecidas pelas novas tecnologias, ainda são fortes certos traços do ensino tradicional em nossa cultura. O advento da Internet veio contribuir para a configuração de práticas sociais e eventos de letramento inéditos. Os dispositivos hoje disponibilizados pela rede digital de comunicação possibilitam a criação de formas sociais inovadoras que só surgem pelo uso intenso das novas tecnologias. Para lidar com todo este arsenal de maneira a contribuir com o crescimento global do aluno é preciso que os professores tenham uma formação que os permita conduzir o processo de modo apropriado. Mesmo se sentindo preparados, não devem se acomodar e buscar compartilhar experiências de sucesso. Cabe às instituições de ensino, por sua vez, prover meios necessários para o acesso adequado à tecnologia.
FRAUDE DE EXECUÇÃO NA JURISPRUDÊNCIA E NO NOVO CÓDIGO DE PROCESSO CIVIL: PERSPECTIVAS SOBRE O USO DE NOVAS TECNOLOGIAS
Authors: Marcacini Augusto Tavares Rosa
Published: August 2017

Este artigo propõe a utilização das tecnologias da informação e comunicação como forma de proporcionar melhores soluções para os problemas relacionados à fraude de execução. O tema traz profundas relações com a efetividade da jurisdição e a utilidade da prestação jurisdicional, além de ser também importante para as esferas civil e comercial, pois afeta diretamente o mundo dos negócios e as relações de confiança que devem reinar na sociedade. Apresenta a evolução da orientação jurisprudencial sobre o tema e as novas disposições do Código de Processo Civil de 2015. Propõe, como solução, a adoção de um cadastro nacional de processos pendentes como forma de diminuir as ocorrências de fraude de execução, ou de tornar mais claras, objetivas e uniformes as decisões sobre esses tipos de conflito.
ACADEMIC COLLABORATIONS IN THE AMERICAS: SOME REFLECTIONS ON THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF LEGAL KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Bonilla Maldonado Daniel , Crawford Colin
Published: August 2017

The article proceeds in three parts. The first, the articles’ analytical heart, considers the political economy of legal knowledge. It describes briefly the free market of legal ideas and the colonial model for the production of legal knowledge. It illustrates how these two models work using examples from our “South-North Partnerships” (SNP), that is, our collaborative practices in the creation of legal thought as they play out in the legal academies of the global North and South. The second part is both descriptive and reflective, focusing on four different SNP examples that illustrate challenges in the creation of truly collaborative legal knowledge production processes. It identifies common challenges in these endeavors, from surmounting basic organizational issues such as language barriers to jostling with fundamentals like conflicting academic calendars. Most importantly, the second part indicates how the dynamics of the political economy of legal knowledge played out in the SNPs described. It also highlights possible ways to equalize these relationships and activities, with an end to creating SNPs focused on truly collaborative legal knowledge production. The third part offers conclusions and recommendations.
OBEDIENCIA AL DERECHO Y LEGITIMIDAD ESTATAL: UN ANÁLISIS DE LA TEORÍA DEL DEBER NATURAL DE OBEDECER INSTITUCIONES JUSTAS SEGÚN JEREMY WALDRON
Authors: Baena Cesar
Published: August 2017

El presente trabajo analiza la plausibilidad de la teoría del deber natural de obedecer instituciones justas, como una justificación de la obligación de obedecer el derecho, según Jeremy Waldron. Para ello, el trabajo señala que dicha teoría está basada en un enfoque procedimental de la legitimidad, i. e., uno según el cual el procedimiento democrático tiene un valor intrínseco derivado del respeto a la igualdad política y al igual derecho a la participación. A partir de los argumentos que se dirigen a demostrar el deber natural de obedecer las instituciones que resuelven nuestros conflictos, en el marco de lo que Waldron llama las “circunstancias de la política”, podrá apreciarse que es posible justificar no sólo la legitimidad de las decisiones coercitivas de un Estado democrático, sino también la obediencia política al derecho.
Arquétipos da gestão ambiental: proposição de um modelo a partir de empresas gaúchas
Authors: Dalmoro Marlon , Cyrne Carlos Candido da Silva
Published: August 2017

This paper aims to develop a descriptive model of basic behaviors of environmental management from the analysis of how local companies have managed the environmental issues. For this, we initially built a theoretical body on environmental management identifying possible types of environmental management behaviors. For empirical plan development, our data source was the Annual Review of Environmental Management Practices, published by Análises Editorial, describing environmental management practices of 49 companies, of 28 different branches of economy, located in Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil. Results show that environmental management behaviors have been guided by the involvement of top management in environmental management and establishment of goals and plans for organizational environmental development. Based on these results, we propose a model with five different archetypes that seek to express behaviors adopted in the environmental management by companies from Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil.
Identificação de educandos com altas habilidades: o laudo clínico é essencial?
Authors: Rangni Rosemeire Araújo , Resende da Costa Maria Da Piedade
Published: August 2017

A obrigatoriedade do laudo clínico para identificar os alunos público-alvo da Educação Especial tem sido tradicional no meio educacional brasileiro. Sendo assim, este artigo objetivou discutir a (im)prescindibilidade do laudo clínico para identificar os estudantes com altas habilidades nas redes de ensino. Para essa realização, a pesquisa foi respaldada em estudo bibliográfico, utilizando-se de buscas em documentos oficiais educacionais pertinentes à Educação e Educação Especial, livros especializados da área de altas habilidades, artigos, dissertações e teses. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que os sistemas escolares ainda exigem a apresentação de laudo clínico para identificar os estudantes com altas habilidades e registrá-los no censo escolar. Além disso, as orientações recentes emanadas, via SECADI/MEC, não indicaram a obrigatoriedade do laudo clínico para atender qualquer aluno público-alvo da Educação Especial, mas, sim, a avaliação pedagógica realizada pelos profissionais das salas de atendimento especializado, bem como, apurou-se que o laudo clínico pode ser exigido em caráter complementar, se necessário.
Inclusão na mídia: práticas de engajamento na contemporaneidade
Authors: Machado Fernanda De Camargo
Published: August 2017

Esse trabalho submete à problematização um aspecto emblemático no tempo presente: a persuasão ao engajamento social na causa inclusiva por meio da mídia. O estudo enreda-se a algumas possibilidades analíticas lançadas pela noção de governamentalidade, cunhada por Michel Foucault, tendo como objetivo entender como os processos de conexão dos sujeitos à verdade da inclusão vem sendo mobilizados, a partir de alguns discursos midiáticos na atualidade. Assim, esse artigo tem como meta problematizar como o engajamento à causa inclusiva produz efeitos de subjetivação a partir dos discursos midiáticos. Como material de análise, foram escolhidos dois artefatos culturais contemporâneos: uma propaganda e um evento que tratam da necessidade da inclusão e da vigilância de todos os cidadãos para que tal processo se efetive no Brasil. Ao final da investigação, foi possível destacar como efeitos de subjetivação, um conjunto de enunciados que capturam os sujeitos em três vértices: o sentido politicamente correto da inclusão, o autoaperfeiçoamento e a noção de parceria ou associação lucrativa com a diversidade.
Videoobservation - et empirisk blik på undervisning
Authors: Hansen Rune , Carlsen Dorthe
Published: August 2017

I denne artikel diskuteres, hvordan man kan undersøge undervisning som et empirisk genstandsfelt. Artiklen falder i to dele. I første del diskuteres empirisk undersøgelse af undervisning i forhold til det aktuelle uddannelsespolitiske fokus på ”den empiriske vending”. ”Den empiriske vending” har sat fokus på undersøgelse af undervisning i et bestemt metodisk perspektiv og med henblik på effektivisering af undervisning og uddannelse. Det er imidlertid forsimplet, hvis man reducerer al empirisk skoleforskning til effektforskning. Der er andre formål med og måder at bedrive empirisk didaktisk forskning på. Som et eksempel herpå introduceres i anden del professor David Clarkes fire perspektiver på videoobservation, og gennem konkrete eksempler diskuteres, hvordan man kan observere undervisning i fag på den ene side med blik for undervisningens kompleksitet og på den anden side med viden om forskningsdesign og -redskabers formaterende kraft. Ved at introducere Clarkes fire perspektiver vises, at både kvantitative og kvalitative undersøgelsesformer kan have deres berettigelse i undersøgelse af et vildt og komplekst fænomen som undervisning, men også at ikke mindst kvalitativ klasserumsforskning kræver stor metodisk dømmekraft, idet forskeren i situationen må kunne foretage en række metodiske valg, vel vidende at disse får afgørende betydning for såvel analysemuligheder som undersøgelsens udsigelseskraft
Sexual dimorphism in striatal dopaminergic responses promotes monogamy in social songbirds
Authors: Tokarev Kirill , Hyland Bruno Julia , Ljubičić Iva , Kothari Paresh J , Helekar Santosh A , Tchernichovski Ofer , Voss Henning U
Published: August 2017

In many songbird species, males sing to attract females and repel rivals. How can gregarious, non-territorial songbirds such as zebra finches, where females have access to numerous males, sustain monogamy? We found that the dopaminergic reward circuitry of zebra finches can simultaneously promote social cohesion and breeding boundaries. Surprisingly, in unmated males but not in females, striatal dopamine neurotransmission was elevated after hearing songs. Behaviorally too, unmated males but not females persistently exchanged mild punishments in return for songs. Song reinforcement diminished when dopamine receptors were blocked. In females, we observed song reinforcement exclusively to the mate’s song, although their striatal dopamine neurotransmission was only slightly elevated. These findings suggest that song-triggered dopaminergic activation serves a dual function in social songbirds: as low-threshold social reinforcement in males and as ultra-selective sexual reinforcement in females. Co-evolution of sexually dimorphic reinforcement systems can explain the coexistence of gregariousness and monogamy.
Atrial fibrillation and psychological factors: a systematic review
Authors: Galli Federica , Borghi Lidia , Carugo Stefano , Cavicchioli Marco , Faioni Elena Maria , Negroni Maria Silvia , Vegni Elena
Published: August 2017

Background

Psychological factors have been suggested to have an influence in Atrial Fibrillation (AF) onset, progression, severity and outcomes, but their role is unclear and mainly focused on anxiety and depression.

Methods

A systematic electronic search had been conducted to identify studies exploring different psychological factors in AF. The search retrieved 832 articles that were reviewed according to inclusion criteria: observational study with a control/comparison group; use of standardized and validated instruments for psychological assessment. Results were summarized qualitatively and quantitatively by effect size measure (Cohen’s d and its 95% confidence interval). Cochrane Collaboration guidelines and the PRISMA Statement were adopted.

Results

Eight studies were included in the systematic review. Depression was the most studied construct/ but only one study showed a clear link with AF. The remaining studies showed small and non-significant (95% CI [−0.25–1.00]) differences between AF and controls, no differences in frequency of depression history (95% CI [−0.14–0.22]) or in case frequency (95% CI [−0.50–0.04]). Miscellaneous results were found as far as anxiety: AF patients showed higher levels when compared to healthy subjects (95% CI [2.05–2.95]), but findings were inconsistent when compared to other heart diseases. Considering personality and life-events preceding AF, we respectively found a large (95% CI [1.87–2.49]) and a moderate to large effect (95% CI [0.48–0.98]).

Discussion

The small number of studies does not allow to draw clear-cut conclusions on the involvement of psychological factors in AF. Promising lines of research are related to personality and adverse life-events, and to the increase of longitudinal design studies. Some methodological problems could be overcome by including clinical psychologists in the implementation of research protocols.
CO2 variability in surface coastal waters adjacent to the Tagus Estuary (Portugal)
Authors: Oliveira AP , Nogieira M , Cabeçadas G
Published: August 2017

Variations of the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and related parameters were determined in surface seawater adjacent to the Tagus Estuary during May 2000 (spring) and March 2001 (winter). The pCO2 values of 730 and 1450 µatm estimated in spring and winter, respectively, are of the same order of magnitude as those of other European coastal areas. The extremely high Tagus River discharge (1820 m3 s–1) that occurred in winter created a pronounced estuarine plume reflected in decreased surface salinity and elevated supersaturation of CO2 with respect to the atmosphere (~400%). The pCO2 distribution was mainly governed by enhanced CO2 solubility at low temperatures and by the hydrodynamics. In contrast, in spring, when the discharge was much lower (190 m3 s–1), the distribution of pCO2 depended on phytoplankton productivity. In fact, CO2 was close to equilibrium with the atmosphere and controlled by biological processes. The estimated CO2 fluxes for the entire study area reached mean values of 1 and 55 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 in spring and winter, respectively. The CO2 emissions during the productive period exhibited negligible values due to the reduction of pCO2 in surface waters. This study reveals that the coastal area off the Tagus Estuary functions as a likely source of CO2 to the atmosphere during some periods of the year.
First step in the evaluation of the effects of Prestige oil on the shore environment: Availability, bioaccumulation and DNA damage
Authors: Laffon B , Aldao I , Pérez-Cadahia B , Pásaro E , Méndez J
Published: August 2017

The Prestige oil tanker shipwrecked off the coast of Galicia (Spain) in November 2002, spilling nearly 63,000 tons of heavy oil, classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as possible human carcinogen. In this work, mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were exposed to Prestige oil in the laboratory (1.5 and 3 ppm). Samples of seawater and mussel tissues were taken on days 7 and 14 of the experiment to determine the availability and bioaccumulation of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) contained in the oil and the DNA damage induced by the exposure using the comet assay. Seawater was renewed on day 14 and new samples were taken on day 21 to analyze the recovery ability of the mussels. Total PAH (TPAH) contents in seawater from the exposure tanks were higher than in the control tank, and this content was higher in the lower oil-dose tank due to the tendency of PAH to link to particles in water. Exposed mussels had much higher TPAH levels than controls, increasing with time even during the recovery phase. The correlation coefficient obtained demonstrated a clear environmental dose/internal dose relationship. Significant increases in DNA damage were observed in oil-exposed individuals in relation to controls, similar in the two doses tested. The DNA damage was constant during the exposure period but increased during the recovery time, reflecting the strand breakage during the DNA repair processes. The results obtained have shown the importance of determining the presence of pollutants in the environment, their bioaccumulation in organic tissues and their effects on the exposed organisms, in order to perform an integrated approach to evaluate the impact of contamination events in the aquatic environment.
Educação no Campo: A Pedagogia da Alternância na Casa de Família Rural de Tancredo Neves-Bahia
Authors: Santos Claudineia De Jesus , Santos Jaqueline Jesus dos , Barbosa Josias Araújo , Kustner Rocio Castro
Published: August 2017

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o sistema educativo da Casa Familiar Rural -CFR de Tancredo Neves-BA, destacando as contribuições da Pedagogia da Alternância para a formação dos jovens do campo. A Casa Familiar Rural foi criada em 2002, dois anos após a fundação da Cooperativa dos Produtores Rurais de Presidente Tancredo Neves (COOPATAN), iniciativa de um grupo de agricultores familiares apoiada pela Fundação Odebrecht. A CFR, espelhada na Pedagogia da Alternância das CFRs oriundas da França, contempla a formação do jovem alternando escola e comunidade rural. Para a pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, foram realizadas uma entrevista aberta com um professor, outra com a monitora e uma grupal com os jovens estudantes. Constatamos a relevância da pedagogia da alternância para a permanência dos jovens no campo e para a diminuição da violência juvenil que tanto assola o Brasil.
Rapid recovery of tigers Panthera tigris in Parsa Wildlife Reserve, Nepal
Authors: Lamichhane Babu Ram , Pokheral Chiranjibi Prasad , Poudel Shashank , Adhikari Dipendra , Giri Sailendra Raj , Bhattarai Santosh , Bhatta Tek Raj , Pickles Rob , Amin Rajan , Acharya Krishna Prasad , Dhakal Maheshwar , Regmi Uba Raj , Ram Ashok Kumar , Subedi Naresh
Published: August 2017

Information on density and abundance of globally threatened species such as tigers Panthera tigris is essential for effective conservation as well as to evaluate the success of conservation programmes. We monitored tigers in Parsa Widlife Reserve, Nepal, using camera traps, in 2013, 2014 and 2016. Once believed to be a sink for tigers from adjacent Chitwan National Park, Parsa now provides a new hope for tigers. Spatially explicit capture–recapture analysis over 3 survey years revealed an increase in tiger density from 0.78 to 1.38 individuals per 100 km2 from 2013 to 2016. The tiger abundance was estimated to be seven (6–13), 11 (10–16) and 17 (17–20) in 2013, 2014 and 2016, respectively. Resettlement of communities from the core area, reduced anthropogenic pressure, and improved security have made Parsa Wildlife Reserve a suitable habitat for tigers. Tiger abundance increased considerably within a 5 km radius of the evacuated village sites, from two in 2013 to eight in 2014 and 10 in 2016. Population turnover has remained moderate (< 30% per year), with persistence of individuals in multiple years. Dispersing tigers from Chitwan's source population accounted for a large portion (c. 40%) of the tigers detected in Parsa. Conservation efforts along with annual monitoring should be continued in Parsa to sustain the increase and monitor the persistence of tigers. The Chitwan–Parsa complex should be managed as a single ecological unit for conserving the Endangered tiger and other wide-ranging species.
Progress towards non-invasive diagnosis and follow-up of celiac disease in children; a prospective multicentre study to the usefulness of plasma I-FABP
Authors: Adriaanse M. P. M. , Mubarak A. , Riedl R. G. , Ten Kate F. J. W. , Damoiseaux J. G. M. C. , Buurman W. A. , Houwen R. H. J. , Vreugdenhil A. C. E. ,   Celiac Disease Study Group, Beeren M. C. G. , van Dael C. M. L. , Engelberts A. C. , Hanekom J. H. , Hendriks J. J. E. , Hubregtse T. , Jonkers R. , Kapteijns L. S. , Kerkvliet E. M. , van den Neucker A. M. , Potgieter S. , Raaijmakers J. , Rosias P. P. R. , Stouthart P. J. H. M. , Theunissen P. M. V. M. , van Wering H. M. , Wijnands J. B. G.
Published: August 2017

This prospective study investigates whether measurement of plasma intestinal-fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), a sensitive marker for small intestinal epithelial damage, improves non-invasive diagnosing of celiac disease (CD), and whether I-FABP levels are useful to evaluate mucosal healing in patients on a gluten-free diet (GFD). Ninety children with elevated tTG-IgA titres and HLA-DQ2/DQ8 positivity were included (study group). Duodenal biopsies were taken, except in those fulfilling the ESPGHAN criteria. Plasma I-FABP levels and tTG-IgA titres were assessed sequentially during six months of follow-up. Eighty children with normal tTG-IgA titres served as control group. In 61/90 (67.8%) of the children in the study group an increased I-FABP level was found; in all these children CD diagnosis was confirmed. Interestingly, in 14/30 (46.7%) children with slightly elevated tTG-IgA titres (<10x upper limit of normal), an increased I-FABP level was found. In all these children the diagnosis of CD was confirmed histologically. After gluten elimination for six weeks I-FABP levels had decreased towards levels in the control group. Measurement of plasma I-FABP, in addition to tTG-IgA, EMA-IgA and HLAtyping, enables non-invasive diagnosing of CD in a substantial number of children, and might therefore be of value in the diagnostic approach of CD.
Effects of temporal correlations in social multiplex networks
Authors: Starnini Michele , Baronchelli Andrea , Pastor-Satorras Romualdo
Published: August 2017

Multi-layered networks represent a major advance in the description of natural complex systems, and their study has shed light on new physical phenomena. Despite its importance, however, the role of the temporal dimension in their structure and function has not been investigated in much detail so far. Here we study the temporal correlations between layers exhibited by real social multiplex networks. At a basic level, the presence of such correlations implies a certain degree of predictability in the contact pattern, as we quantify by an extension of the entropy and mutual information analyses proposed for the single-layer case. At a different level, we demonstrate that temporal correlations are a signature of a ‘multitasking’ behavior of network agents, characterized by a higher level of switching between different social activities than expected in a uncorrelated pattern. Moreover, temporal correlations significantly affect the dynamics of coupled epidemic processes unfolding on the network. Our work opens the way for the systematic study of temporal multiplex networks and we anticipate it will be of interest to researchers in a broad array of fields.
Pericardiectomy for Constrictive Pericarditis: An Institution's 21 Years Experience
Authors: Rupprecht Leopold , Putz Christina , Flörchinger Bernhard , Zausig York , Camboni Daniele , Unsöld Bernhard , Schmid Christof
Published: August 2017

Background The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate our experience with the surgical pericardiectomy procedure for patients suffering from isolated severe constrictive pericarditis.

Methods From 1995 to 2016, 39 patients underwent isolated pericardiectomy for constrictive pericarditis. Fifteen patients were excluded because of concomitant surgery. There were 31 male (79.5%) patients and 8 female (20.5%) patients, 28 to 76 years old (mean, 56.6 ± 13.6 years). The underlying etiologies were idiopathic pericarditis (74.5%), infection (10%), rheumatic disorders (8%), status post cardiac surgery (2.5%), tuberculosis (2.5%), and status post mediastinal irradiation (2.5%).

Results Pericardiectomy was performed through midline sternotomy in all cases. Sixteen patients (41%) underwent pericardiectomy electively employing cardiopulmonary bypass with the heart beating, and 23 patients (59%) had surgery without extracorporeal circulation (ECC). The overall 30-day mortality rate was 50% if cardiopulmonary bypass was used (13.8% since 2007). If surgery was performed without a heart–lung machine, mortality was 0%. On-pump patients had a significantly longer intensive care unit (ICU) stay (12 ± 9 vs. 4 ± 4 days, p = 0.013). Likewise, the duration of mechanical ventilation was much longer (171 ± 246 vs. 21 ± 40 hours, p = 0.04). The hospital stay was comparable with 28 ± 10 and 24 ± 18 days (p = 0.21).

Conclusion The present study demonstrates that pericardiectomy, without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass as treatment for constrictive pericarditis, is a safe procedure with an excellent outcome in critically ill patients.
Outcomes of Cranioplasty with Preformed Titanium versus Freehand Molded Polymethylmethacrylate Implants
Authors: Werzmirzowsky Korbinian , Ott Christian , Hohenberger Christoph , Hassanin Bahaa , Brawanski Alexander , Schebesch Karl-Michael , Höhne Julius
Published: August 2017

Objective Cranioplasty reshapes the neurocranium and viscerocranium after craniectomy. Different materials have been used for cranioplasty. However, no consistent data are yet available comparing these different materials regarding indications, complications, and outcome. We report our experience with preformed titanium implants and freehand molded polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) implants for cranioplasty.

Methods This retrospective single-center analysis included 120 consecutive cranioplasty patients who had been operated between 2006 and 2013. A total of 60 patients (27 women, 33 men; mean age: 54 years) had received a preformed titanium implant and 60 patients (22 women, 38 men; mean age: 46 years) a freehand molded PMMA implant. We evaluated all demographic and procedure-related data, indications, and outcome. The longest follow-up was 5.5 years.

Results The most frequent indications for cranioplasty were trauma (n = 48 [40%]), malignant infarction (n = 27 [23%]), tumor (n = 22 [18%]), spontaneous intracerebral or aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (n = 16 [13%]), revision surgery (n = 5 [4%]), and empyema (n = 2 [2%]). PMMA implants were more often associated with wound-healing disorders (p < 0.023; odds ratio [OR]: 10.53) and epidural hematoma (p < 0.03; OR: 8.46), resulting in a significantly higher re-operation rate (p < 0.005). Precise fitting was radiologically confirmed in 98% of titanium implants but in only 71% of PMMA implants (p < 0.001). Magnetic resonance imaging of patients with titanium implants (n = 4) did not show any relevant artifacts.

Conclusion Cranioplasty with preformed titanium implants seems to be superior to freehand molded PMMA implants regarding surgical morbidity, revision rate, and aesthetic results.
Mechanical properties of martensitic stainless steel weld/adhesive hybrid bonds
Authors: Pouranvari M. , Safikhani E.
Published: August 2017

Hybrid weld-adhesive bonding (AB) was used as an approach to improve the mechanical properties of martensitic stainless steel resistance spot welds. The weld fusion zone in both techniques was composed of predominantly martensite and δ-ferrite. It was found that the presence of adhesive does not induce excess hardening effect in the fusion zone. It was shown that hybrid AB/resistance spot welding) i.e. weld-bonding) technique can double the peak load and energy absorption of the joints compared to those of the resistance spot welds. To obtain high performance weld-bonded joints, heat generation during welding should be controlled to produce weld bonds with large fusion zone size, but without detrimental effect on the adhesive strength.