bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coming to Terms with the Digital Natives: Understanding the Marketing Sensitivities of GenZers as Hospitality Consumers
Authors: Yılmaz Semih , Collins Ayşe , Ali Seyid Amjad
Published: May 2024

As “digital natives”, GenZ is set apart from previous generations in terms of its online connectedness. Even though this generation is expected to be the prevailing customer base around the world by 2026, there is a noticeable lack of studies on GenZ’s consumer characteristics within the hospitality context. This study investigates the marketing-related factors affecting GenZ’s accommodation decisions as well as their consumer sensitivities to contemporary constructs such as brand uniqueness, social media presentability, sustainability consciousness, and cancel culture.
The Growing Popularity of eSports Events: Insights from Parents
Authors: Mahlangu Nosiphiwo , Naudé-Potgieter Rosa
Published: May 2024

The article discusses the growing popularity of eSports events and aims to understand the parents’ perspective towards eSports and eSports events. As the growth of eSport events presents an opportunity of the tourism industry. The study used a qualitative approach utilising a semi-structured interview. The discussion of this semi-structured interviews forms part of a greater research study on eSports in South Africa, and these results are just preliminary results from an eSport event held high school in May 2023. The study found that parents have a positive perspective towards eSports events and are supportive of their children participating in them. The study also found that eSports events are relatively new and that there is a lack of research on parents’ perspective of eSports tournaments. The study recommends further research to understand the motivations of participants and spectators to attend on-site eSports events, the expenses of children participating in eSports, and the benefits of eSports as an event. The article also defines eSports and the different types of eSports games, and discusses the adoption of eSports as a sport. The study provides valuable insights into the growing popularity of eSports events and the need for further research in this area.
Algorithmic Control Across the Employee Lifecycle
Authors: Tuomi Aarni , Ascenção Mário Passos
Published: May 2024

This paper examines the employee lifecycle, that is, HR managers’ role in decision-making. In tourism, HR faces unique challenges, e.g. labor shortage, staff turnover, diversity management. Algorithmic management, driven by data, is introduced as significant but ethically complex management strategy. The uses LEGO Serious Play to gather insights from managers (n = 17) and identifies eight potential use-cases for algorithmic control along the employee lifecycle. Implications for tourism management and research are discussed.
Get Ready for the Future of Tourism and Hospitality with the Smart Hospitality Wheel
Authors: Bolté Nicolette Yvonne , Pijls Ruth , Ten Tije Sanne
Published: May 2024

Technologies have changed our world rapidly and have also reshaped the tourism and hospitality industry. Organizations need to innovate to fulfil their customers’ changing needs and wishes. Students therefore need to be well prepared to enter the changing working field. Since innovation is a must, they need to learn how to use their creativity to design innovative concepts, making use of technology and data. This process can be stimulated and guided in a creativity process using the Smart Hospitality Wheel. This wheel has been developed for education, but the results in this study show its effectiveness in the industry as well. This paper introduces the development and use of the Smart Hospitality Wheel; a tool to come up with innovative ideas at the start of a design process. It stresses the importance of the use of the wheel in tourism and hospitality to design competitive and innovative concepts, describes the research method, shows some first results, and explores contributions and further research. The design and use of the wheel combined with the unique combination of theory linked to smartness and hospitality, creates a novel tool to use in the creativity process to design innovative and competitive concepts for the tourism and hospitality industry.
U-KyotoTrip: A Travel Planning System for User Experience Oriented Trips
Authors: Yi Kun , Maekawa Takeyuki , Kong Yuntao , Bai Zhengyang , Jin Xisha , Ma Qiang
Published: May 2024

We propose U-KyotoTrip, a travel planning system designed for user-experience-oriented trips in Kyoto, Japan. U-KyotoTrip integrates extensive content analysis of user-generated content, Point-Of-Interest (POI) recommendations, and route recommendations, with the aim of assisting users in acquiring information and travel planning. To capture new users’ preferences, we propose user-friendly ask-to-rate methods to handle cold-start user scenarios. Furthermore, we employ five route recommendation methods that vary in their consideration for congestion and tourism diversification to address the overtourism problem. An empirical user study was conducted to evaluate U-KyotoTrip, revealing that users are satisfied with the system, particularly the approach that utilizes photos to present their preferences.
The Cognitive Effect of YouTube Video and User-Generated Content: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Lee Eunji , Shin Seunghun , Joo Hyeyeoun , Koo Chulmo
Published: May 2024

Nowadays, video-sharing social media platforms have become essential sources of information for tourists. In line with this trend, many destination marketing organizations (DMOs) formulate marketing strategies utilizing video-sharing platforms. Nevertheless, despite the extensive research on the impacts of advertising video exposure, there is a notable absence of studies that delve into the influence of user-generated content on the cognitive effect of potential tourists on destinations. To address this gap, this study aims to identify the cognitive effects based on the presence of comments (vs. absent) and different positive comment types (absent vs. opinion vs. impression vs. compliment comments) through a field experiment design. We found that the cognitive effect of YouTube videos is higher when positive comments are available. Further, impression comments had a more significant cognitive effect than the other comment types. Building upon our research findings, we propose strategies for utilizing video social media platforms from the perspective of tourism destination marketers.
Complex-Valued Noisy Sinewaves Frequency Estimator Based on DTFT Linearization and Interpolation
Authors: Belega Daniel , Petri Dario
Published: May 2024

This paper proposes an Interpolated Discrete-Time Fourier Transform (LIpDTFT) estimator for complex-valued noisy sinewave frequency based on the Linearization of the DTFT module behavior around the spectrum peak. It belongs to a class of LIpDTFT estimators that compensate the poor Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) frequency resolution by interpolating two DTFT samples located very close to an initial frequency estimate. As compared with other DTFT-based frequency estimators recently proposed in the literature, the proposed LIpDTFT estimator ensures a smaller interpolation error and a lower processing effort. Moreover, if the rectangular window is adopted, it almost attains the unbiased Cramér-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) even if a very small number of samples is analyzed. The accuracies ensured in different operating conditions by the proposed frequency estimator and other state-of-the-art DTFT-based algorithms are compared to each other through computer simulations.
Energy and structural optimization of mid-rise light-frame timber buildings for different climates and seismic zones in Chile
Authors: Wenzel Alexander , Vera Sergio , Guindos Pablo
Published: May 2024

Location determines not only the climatic condition but also the structural loads that the structure must withstand. Given the broad variety of climatic and seismic requirements of Chile, the design of lightweight timber buildings considering both energy and seismic design parameters and boundary conditions becomes a difficult task. The main objective of this research is to analyze and quantify the effect of climates, seismic loads, lateral anchorage, and story number on the optimal energy design solutions, including the seismic behavior in a light-frame timber building. Furthermore, the optimal design was parametrically analyzed considering five Chilean cities that consider different climates, seismic zone, number of stories, and lateral anchorage systems to prevent rocking (overturning) due to lateral seismic forces. The optimal wall insulation thickness, stud spacing, and thermal mass exhibited significant variations depending on the buildings' number of stories, lateral anchorage system, climate, and seismic zone. Therefore, the results of this investigation reinforce the necessity of integrating energy and seismic designs for light-frame timber buildings. The optimal designs obtained in this investigation showed considerable variations depending on the combination of climatic and seismic loads as well as the number of stories and anchoring systems. The article's main contributions are the evidence of the structural and energy design interconnection of light-frame timber buildings and how design variables, such as stud spacing, floor concrete thickness layer, and wall insulation thickness, are related and change according to the different climates, seismic loads, lateral anchorage, and story number.
Writing a research funding proposal
Authors: Münch Lukas N. , Schüttler Karl F. , Ackermann Jakob , Deichsel Adrian , Eggeling Lena , Günther Daniel , Kopf Sebastian , Laky Brenda , Mathis Dominic , Wafaisade Arasch , Herbst Elmar
Published: May 2024

The key to success in securing financial support for research projects lies in the preparation of a well-crafted research grant proposal, showcasing the competence, dedication, and organizational skills of the research group as well as the scientific merit of the proposed study. This paper delineates the essential elements of a successful funding proposal, providing a structured guide to enhance the prospects of obtaining the necessary financial support. In general, the research project should align with the objectives and priorities of the funding agency. Attention to formalities, such as proper formatting and adherence to application guidelines, is mandatory. The core component of a research grant proposal is the formulation of a clear and well-founded research question and hypothesis. The methodology section should address the measurement methods and experimental setup. Additionally, developing a realistic research schedule and milestones is of great importance, along with anticipating potential barriers and challenges. Finally, the proposal’s financial aspect is addressed through a detailed cost breakdown that aligns with the sample size calculation and methodology.
Katětov order between Hindman, Ramsey and summable ideals
Authors: Filipów Rafał , Kowitz Krzysztof , Kwela Adam
Published: May 2024

A family $$\mathcal {I}$$
I
of subsets of a set X is an ideal on X if it is closed under taking subsets and finite unions of its elements. An ideal $$\mathcal {I}$$
I
on X is below an ideal $$\mathcal {J}$$
J
on Y in the Katětov order if there is a function $$f{: }Y\rightarrow X$$

f
:
Y
→
X

such that $$f^{-1}[A]\in \mathcal {J}$$

f

-
1

[
A
]

∈
J

for every $$A\in \mathcal {I}$$

A
∈
I

. We show that the Hindman ideal, the Ramsey ideal and the summable ideal are pairwise incomparable in the Katětov order, where

The Ramsey ideal consists of those sets of pairs of natural numbers which do not contain a set of all pairs of any infinite set (equivalently do not contain, in a sense, any infinite complete subgraph),

The Hindman ideal consists of those sets of natural numbers which do not contain any infinite set together with all finite sums of its members (equivalently do not contain IP-sets that are considered in Ergodic Ramsey theory),

The summable ideal consists of those sets of natural numbers such that the series of the reciprocals of its members is convergent.
A Koopman–Takens Theorem: Linear Least Squares Prediction of Nonlinear Time Series
Authors: Koltai Péter , Kunde Philipp
Published: May 2024

The least squares linear filter, also called the Wiener filter, is a popular tool to predict the next element(s) of time series by linear combination of time-delayed observations. We consider observation sequences of deterministic dynamics, and ask: Which pairs of observation function and dynamics are predictable? If one allows for nonlinear mappings of time-delayed observations, then Takens’ well-known theorem implies that a set of pairs, large in a specific topological sense, exists for which an exact prediction is possible. We show that a similar statement applies for the linear least squares filter in the infinite-delay limit, by considering the forecast problem for invertible measure-preserving maps and the Koopman operator on square-integrable functions.
Effect of salinity on the bioluminescence intensity of the heterotrophic dinoflagellates Noctiluca scintillans and Polykrikos kofoidii and the autotrophic dinoflagellate Alexandrium mediterraneum
Authors: Park Sang Ah , Jeong Hae Jin , Ok Jin Hee , Kang Hee Chang , You Ji Hyun , Eom Se Hee , Du Yoo Yeong , Lee Moo Joon
Published: May 2024

Many dinoflagellate species are bioluminescent, which is one of the anti-predation mechanisms in these species. In addition, dinoflagellate species experience a wide range of salinities in the ocean. However, the effects of salinity on their bioluminescence intensity has only been investigated for one species. Here, we explored the effect of salinity on the bioluminescence intensity of the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans NSDJ2010 feeding on the chlorophyte Dunaliella salina, the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Polykrikos kofoidii PKJH1607 feeding on the dinoflagellate Alexadrium minutum, and the autotrophic dinoflagellate Alexandrium mediterraneum AMYS1807. Moreover, to determine the cell volume and growth effects on bioluminescence intensity, the cell volume and growth rate of three bioluminescent dinoflagellates were simultaneously investigated. The mean 200-s-integrated bioluminescence intensity (BL) per cell, equivalent to the total bioluminescence, of N. scintillans, P. kofoidii, and A. mediterraneum was significantly affected by salinity and increased with increasing salinity from 10 to 40. The results of the present study suggest that the total bioluminescence of N. scintillans, P. kofoidii, and A. mediterraneum in offshore and oceanic waters is greater than that in estuarine waters.
Genomic and Transcriptomic Diversification of Flagellin Genes Provides Insight into Environmental Adaptation and Phylogeographic Characteristics in Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Roh HyeongJin , Kannimuthu Dhamotharan
Published: May 2024

Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic motile pathogen with a broad host range, infecting both terrestrial and aquatic animals. Environmental and geographical conditions exert selective pressure on both geno- and phenotypes of pathogens. Flagellin, directly exposed to external environments and containing important immunogenic epitopes, may display significant variability in response to external conditions. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of ~  150 A. hydrophila genomes, leading to the identification of six subunits of the flagellin gene (fla-1 to fla-4, flaA, and flaB). Individual strains harbored different composition of flagellin subunits and copies. The composition of subunits showed distinct patterns depending on environmental sources. Strains from aquatic environments were mainly comprised of fla-1 to fla-4 subunits, while terrestrial strains predominated in groups harboring flaA and flaB subunits. Each flagellin showed varying levels of expression, with flaA and flaB demonstrating significantly higher expression compared to others. One of the chemotaxis pathways that control flagellin movement through a two-component system was significantly upregulated in flaA(+ 1)/flaB(+ 1) group, whereas flaA and flaB showed different transcriptomic expressions. The genes positively correlated with flaA expression were relevant to biofilm formation and bacterial chemotaxis, but flaB showed a negative correlation with the genes in ABC transporters and quorum sensing pathway. However, the expression patterns of fla-2 to fla-4 were identical. This suggests various types of flagellin subunits may have different biological functions. The composition and expression levels of flagellin subunits could provide valuable insights into the adaptation of A. hydrophila and the differences among strains in response to various external environments.
Expression patterns of novel immunotherapy targets in intermediate- and high-grade lung neuroendocrine neoplasms
Authors: Ferencz Bence , Török Klára , Pipek Orsolya , Fillinger János , Csende Kristóf , Lantos András , Černeková Radoslava , Mitták Marcel , Škarda Jozef , Delongová Patricie , Megyesfalvi Evelyn , Schelch Karin , Lang Christian , Solta Anna , Boettiger Kristiina , Brcic Luka , Lindenmann Jörg , Rényi-Vámos Ferenc , Aigner Clemens , Berta Judit , Megyesfalvi Zsolt , Döme Balázs
Published: May 2024

Background

Advancements in immunotherapeutic approaches only had a modest impact on the therapy of lung neuroendocrine neoplasms (LNENs). Our multicenter study aimed to investigate the expression patterns of novel immunotherapy targets in intermediate- and high-grade LNENs.

Methods

The expressions of V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), OX40L, Glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor (GITR), and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM3) proteins were measured by immunohistochemistry in surgically resected tumor samples of 26 atypical carcinoid (AC), 49 large cell neuroendocrine lung cancer (LCNEC), and 66 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients. Tumor and immune cells were separately scored.

Results

Tumor cell TIM3 expression was the highest in ACs (p < 0.001), whereas elevated tumor cell GITR levels were characteristic for both ACs and SCLCs (p < 0.001 and p = 0.011, respectively). OX40L expression of tumor cells was considerably lower in ACs (vs. SCLCs; p < 0.001). Tumor cell VISTA expression was consistently low in LNENs, with no significant differences across histological subtypes. ACs were the least immunogenic tumors concerning immune cell abundance (p < 0.001). Immune cell VISTA and GITR expressions were also significantly lower in these intermediate-grade malignancies than in SCLCs or in LCNECs. Immune cell TIM3 and GITR expressions were associated with borderline prognostic significance in our multivariate model (p = 0.057 and p = 0.071, respectively).

Conclusions

LNEN subtypes have characteristic and widely divergent VISTA, OX40L, GITR, and TIM3 protein expressions. By shedding light on the different expression patterns of these immunotherapy targets, the current multicenter study provides support for the future implementation of novel immunotherapeutic approaches.
Nurses’ roles, interventions, and implications for management of rheumatic diseases
Authors: Auyezkhankyzy Dana , Khojakulova Umida , Yessirkepov Marlen , Qumar Ainur B. , Zimba Olena , Kocyigit Burhan Fatih , Akaltun Mazlum Serdar
Published: May 2024

Nurses have become integral members of multidisciplinary teams in managing rheumatic diseases, departing from their traditional patient care roles. This article provides a comprehensive review of nurses’ roles, interventions, and impacts in several rheumatic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, spondyloarthritis, gout, systemic lupus erythematosus, and polymyalgia rheumatica. It has been demonstrated that care under nursing supervision is effective and safe, with benefits including disease management, quality of life, and treatment adherence. In addition, nurses play a crucial role in promoting health, educating patients, and administering biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the significance of telehealth services and nurses’ role in delivering remote care. However, nursing education and training challenges persist, particularly in standardization and access to postgraduate education. Efforts to enhance the role of nurses in rheumatology care are necessary to optimize patient outcomes and meet the evolving needs of individuals with rheumatic diseases. Collaboration across healthcare institutions, professional groups, and educational facilities is necessary for promoting the continual growth and advancement of rheumatology nurse practice. By equipping nurses with the requisite knowledge, expertise, and resources to deliver top-notch care, we can enhance the well-being of individuals with rheumatic diseases and foster improved overall health outcomes.
Association between meal context and meal quality: an ecological momentary assessment in Japanese adults
Authors: Shinozaki Nana , Murakami Kentaro , Kimoto Nana , Masayasu Shizuko , Sasaki Satoshi
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The purpose was to assess the relationship between the quality of meals and its context.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study of 222 Japanese adults aged 30–76 years in 2021. The following information was obtained from the 4-d weighed dietary records: the recording day (working or not), meal type (breakfast, lunch, or dinner), eating companions (alone or with someone), eating location (at home or away from home), and screen-based activity (yes or no). The nutritional quality of each meal was evaluated using the Healthy Eating Index 2020 (HEI-2020).

Results

The analysis included 1,295 meals for males and 1,317 for females. The mean HEI-2020 ranged from 43.0 (lunch) to 51.9 (dinner) in males and from 45.7 (breakfast) to 52.0 (dinner) in females. Multilevel linear regression showed that, in males, lunch had a significantly lower HEI-2020 score compared to breakfast (β = −1.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −3.42, − 0.20), while dinner had a significantly higher HEI-2020 score (β = 6.77, 95% CI: 5.34, 8.20). Eating with someone was significantly associated with a higher HEI-2020 score (β = 2.22, 95% CI: 0.76, 3.67). Among females, dinner had a higher HEI-2020 score than breakfast (β = 5.21, 95% CI: 3.72, 6.70). Eating away from home was associated with higher HEI-2020 scores (β = 2.14, 95% CI: 0.04, 4.24).

Conclusion

Meal type, location, and eating companions were associated with meal quality in this population, with differences between males and females. Incorporating these factors in nutrition education and interventions can enhance diet quality.
Unveiling cellular and molecular aspects of ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections
Authors: Ganizada Berta H. , Veltrop Rogier J. A. , Akbulut Asim C. , Koenen Rory R. , Accord Ryan , Lorusso Roberto , Maessen Jos G. , Reesink Koen , Bidar Elham , Schurgers Leon J.
Published: May 2024

Ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm (ATAA) remains a significant medical concern, with its asymptomatic nature posing diagnostic and monitoring challenges, thereby increasing the risk of aortic wall dissection and rupture. Current management of aortic repair relies on an aortic diameter threshold. However, this approach underestimates the complexity of aortic wall disease due to important knowledge gaps in understanding its underlying pathologic mechanisms.

Since traditional risk factors cannot explain the initiation and progression of ATAA leading to dissection, local vascular factors such as extracellular matrix (ECM) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) might harbor targets for early diagnosis and intervention. Derived from diverse embryonic lineages, VSMCs exhibit varied responses to genetic abnormalities that regulate their contractility. The transition of VSMCs into different phenotypes is an adaptive response to stress stimuli such as hemodynamic changes resulting from cardiovascular disease, aging, lifestyle, and genetic predisposition. Upon longer exposure to stress stimuli, VSMC phenotypic switching can instigate pathologic remodeling that contributes to the pathogenesis of ATAA.

This review aims to illuminate the current understanding of cellular and molecular characteristics associated with ATAA and dissection, emphasizing the need for a more nuanced comprehension of the impaired ECM–VSMC network.
From diagnosis to intervention: a review of telemedicine’s role in skin cancer care
Authors: Mashoudy Kayla D. , Perez Sofia M. , Nouri Keyvan
Published: May 2024

Skin cancer treatment is a core aspect of dermatology that relies on accurate diagnosis and timely interventions. Teledermatology has emerged as a valuable asset across various stages of skin cancer care including triage, diagnosis, management, and surgical consultation. With the integration of traditional dermoscopy and store-and-forward technology, teledermatology facilitates the swift sharing of high-resolution images of suspicious skin lesions with consulting dermatologists all-over. Both live video conference and store-and-forward formats have played a pivotal role in bridging the care access gap between geographically isolated patients and dermatology providers. Notably, teledermatology demonstrates diagnostic accuracy rates that are often comparable to those achieved through traditional face-to-face consultations, underscoring its robust clinical utility. Technological advancements like artificial intelligence and reflectance confocal microscopy continue to enhance image quality and hold potential for increasing the diagnostic accuracy of virtual dermatologic care. While teledermatology serves as a valuable clinical tool for all patient populations including pediatric patients, it is not intended to fully replace in-person procedures like Mohs surgery and other necessary interventions. Nevertheless, its role in facilitating the evaluation of skin malignancies is gaining recognition within the dermatologic community and fostering high approval rates from patients due to its practicality and ability to provide timely access to specialized care.
Click evoked otoacoustic emissions in occupational exposure to lead, concentrations of selected essential elements and markers of oxidative stress
Authors: Wąsik Marta , Lisowska Grażyna , Słota Michał , Miśkiewicz-Orczyk Katarzyna , Kasperczyk Aleksandra , Bellanti Francesco , Dobrakowski Michał , Bułdak Rafał Jakub , Kasperczyk Sławomir
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study focused on the selected markers of oxidative stress, impact of elevated lead levels on long-term hearing quality. We investigated whether the presence of certain essential minerals might provide protection to the auditory system against the effects of lead (and cadmium) compounds.

Methods

The research group included 280 male employees of the zinc and lead smelter, which was divided into: L-Pb—low blood lead concentration (PbB) subgroup, H-Pb—high PbB subgroup. Hearing tests were performed using the click evoked otoacoustic emission (CEOAE).

Results

Zinc protoporphyrin level was significantly higher in the H-Pb subgroup by 68%. Cd concentration was significantly higher in H-Pb by 33%. The Ca concentration was significantly lower in the H-Pb by − 2%. Selected oxidative stress markers concentration were significantly higher in the H-Pb group: malondialdehyde (MDA) by 4%, and lipofuscin (LPS) by 9%. In the CEOAE results showed statistically significant differences between the L-Pb and H-Pb subgroups. Larger negative changes in otoemission amplitude were observed in H-Pb subgroup. All otoemission results showed a statistically significant negative correlation with age, time of work, MDA concentration, and with PbB. Selected CEOAE parameters showed a significant negative correlation with cadmium blood concentration (CdB), and a positive correlation with Ca and Zn.

Conclusion

Elevated blood lead content in occupational exposure is associated with an increase in MDA and LPS concentration, which negatively correlates with CEOAE parameters. This suggests an important role of oxidative stress in the long-term deterioration of hearing.
Knockdown of NADK promotes LUAD ferroptosis via NADPH/FSP1 axis
Authors: Meng Xiangpeng , Peng Fang , Yu Shijie , Chi Xinming , Wang Wenchi , Shao Shujuan
Published: May 2024

Background

Lung cancer is a serious threat to human health and is the first leading cause of cancer death. Ferroptosis, a newly discovered form of programmed cell death associated with redox homeostasis, is of particular interest in the lung cancer, given the high oxygen environment of lung cancer. NADPH has reducing properties and therefore holds the potential to resist ferroptosis. Resistance to ferroptosis exists in lung cancer, but the role of NADK in regulating ferroptosis in lung cancer has not been reported yet.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to analyse the expression of NADK in 86 cases of lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD) and adjacent tissues, and a IHC score was assigned to each sample. Chi-square and kaplan-meier curve was performed to analyse the differences in metastasis and five-year survival between the two groups with NADK high or low scores. Proliferation of NADK-knockdown LUAD cell lines was detected in vivo and vitro. Furthermore, leves of ROS, MDA and Fe2+ were measured to validate the effect and mechanism of NADK on ferroptosis in LUAD.

Results

The expression of NADK was significantly evaluated in LUAD tissues as compared to adjacent non-cancerous tissues. The proliferation of NADK-knockdown cells was inhibited both in vivo and vitro, and increasing levels of intracellular ROS, Fe2+ and lipid peroxide products (MDA) were observed. Furthermore, NADK-knockdown promoted the ferroptosis of LUAD cells induced by Erastin/RSL3 by regulating the level of NADPH and the expression of FSP1. Knockdown of NADK enhanced the sensitivities of LUAD cells to Erastin/RSL3-induced ferroptosis by regulating NADPH level and FSP1 expression.

Conclusions

NADK is over-expressed in LUAD patients. Knockdown of NADK inhibited the proliferation of LUAD cells both in vitro and in vivo and promotes the Erastin/RSL3-induced ferroptosis of LUAD cells by down-regulating the NADPH/FSP1 axis.
Red-billed blue magpie optimizer: a novel metaheuristic algorithm for 2D/3D UAV path planning and engineering design problems
Authors: Fu Shengwei , Li Ke , Huang Haisong , Ma Chi , Fan Qingsong , Zhu Yunwei
Published: May 2024

Numerical optimization, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) path planning, and engineering design problems are fundamental to the development of artificial intelligence. Traditional methods show limitations in dealing with these complex nonlinear models. To address these challenges, the swarm intelligence algorithm is introduced as a metaheuristic method and effectively implemented. However, existing technology exhibits drawbacks such as slow convergence speed, low precision, and poor robustness. In this paper, we propose a novel metaheuristic approach called the Red-billed Blue Magpie Optimizer (RBMO), inspired by the cooperative and efficient predation behaviors of red-billed blue magpies. The mathematical model of RBMO was established by simulating the searching, chasing, attacking prey, and food storage behaviors of the red-billed blue magpie. To demonstrate RBMO’s performance, we first conduct qualitative analyses through convergence behavior experiments. Next, RBMO’s numerical optimization capabilities are substantiated using CEC2014 (Dim = 10, 30, 50, and 100) and CEC2017 (Dim = 10, 30, 50, and 100) suites, consistently achieving the best Friedman mean rank. In UAV path planning applications (two-dimensional and three − dimensional), RBMO obtains preferable solutions, demonstrating its effectiveness in solving NP-hard problems. Additionally, in five engineering design problems, RBMO consistently yields the minimum cost, showcasing its advantage in practical problem-solving. We compare our experimental results with three categories of widely recognized algorithms: (1) advanced variants, (2) recently proposed algorithms, and (3) high-performance optimizers, including CEC winners.
Racialized economic segregation and inequities in treatment initiation and survival among patients with metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Pittell Harlan , Calip Gregory S. , Pierre Amy , Ryals Cleo A. , Guadamuz Jenny S.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Racialized economic segregation, a form of structural racism, may drive persistent inequities among patients with breast cancer. We examined whether a composite area-level index of racialized economic segregation was associated with real-world treatment and survival in metastatic breast cancer (mBC).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study among adult women with mBC using a US nationwide electronic health record-derived de-identified database (2011–2022). Population-weighted quintiles of the index of concentration at the extremes were estimated using census tract data. To identify inequities in time to treatment initiation (TTI) and overall survival (OS), we employed Kaplan–Meier methods and estimated hazard ratios (HR) adjusted for clinical factors.

Results

The cohort included 27,459 patients. Compared with patients from the most privileged areas, those from the least privileged areas were disproportionately Black (36.9% vs. 2.6%) or Latinx (13.2% vs. 2.6%) and increasingly diagnosed with de novo mBC (33.6% vs. 28.9%). Those from the least privileged areas had longer median TTI than those from the most privileged areas (38 vs 31 days) and shorter median OS (29.7 vs 39.2 months). Multivariable-adjusted HR indicated less timely treatment initiation (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.83, 0.91, p < 0.01) and worse OS (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.13, 1.25, p < 0.01) among those from the least privileged areas compared to the most privileged areas.

Conclusion

Racialized economic segregation is a social determinant of health associated with treatment and survival inequities in mBC. Public investments directly addressing racialized economic segregation and other forms of structural racism are needed to reduce inequities in cancer care and outcomes.
The Moral Status of Pecuniary Externalities
Authors: Kogelmann Brian , Carroll Jeffrey
Published: May 2024

Pecuniary externalities—costs imposed on third parties mediated through the price system—have typically received little philosophical attention. Recently, this has begun to change. In two separate papers, Richard Endörfer (Econ Philos 38, pp. 221–241, 2022) and Hayden Wilkinson (Philos Public Affairs 50: 202–238, 2022) place pecuniary externalities at center stage. Though their arguments differ significantly, both conclude pecuniary externalities are in some sense morally problematic. If the state is not called on to regulate pecuniary externalities, then, at the very least, individuals should be conscious of how their productive and consumptive decisions affect others by changing prices. We disagree. Both arguments fail, in that neither gives us reason to think pecuniary externalities are cause for moral concern. Unless a new argument emerges, pecuniary externalities should be left alone.
Ecosystem Resilience Monitoring and Early Warning Using Earth Observation Data: Challenges and Outlook
Authors: Bathiany Sebastian , Bastiaansen Robbin , Bastos Ana , Blaschke Lana , Lever Jelle , Loriani Sina , De Keersmaecker Wanda , Dorigo Wouter , Milenković Milutin , Senf Cornelius , Smith Taylor , Verbesselt Jan , Boers Niklas
Published: May 2024

As the Earth system is exposed to large anthropogenic interferences, it becomes ever more important to assess the resilience of natural systems, i.e., their ability to recover from natural and human-induced perturbations. Several, often related, measures of resilience have been proposed and applied to modeled and observed data, often by different scientific communities. Focusing on terrestrial ecosystems as a key component of the Earth system, we review methods that can detect large perturbations (temporary excursions from a reference state as well as abrupt shifts to a new reference state) in spatio-temporal datasets, estimate the recovery rate after such perturbations, or assess resilience changes indirectly from stationary time series via indicators of critical slowing down. We present here a sequence of ideal methodological steps in the field of resilience science, and argue how to obtain a consistent and multi-faceted view on ecosystem or climate resilience from Earth observation (EO) data. While EO data offers unique potential to study ecosystem resilience globally at high spatial and temporal scale, we emphasize some important limitations, which are associated with the theoretical assumptions behind diagnostic methods and with the measurement process and pre-processing steps of EO data. The latter class of limitations include gaps in time series, the disparity of scales, and issues arising from aggregating time series from multiple sensors. Based on this assessment, we formulate specific recommendations to the EO community in order to improve the observational basis for ecosystem resilience research.
Algebraic Completeness of Connexive and Bi-Intuitionistic Multilattice Logics
Authors: Petrukhin Yaroslav
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we introduce the notions of connexive and bi-intuitionistic multilattices and develop on their base the algebraic semantics for Kamide, Shramko, and Wansing’s connexive and bi-intuitionistic multilattice logics which were previously known in the form of sequent calculi and Kripke semantics. We prove that these logics are sound and complete with respect to the presented algebraic structures.
Disruption of polar order in lead zirconate titanate by composition-modulated artificial superlattice
Authors: Sato Yukio , Kimura Goki , Kweon Sang Hyo , Tan Goon , Kanno Isaku
Published: May 2024

Lead zirconate titanate (Pb (Zrx, Ti1−x)O3: PZT) is a well-known ferroelectric compound, in which long-range polar order is usually developed. In the present study, it was clarified by distortion-corrected atomic-scale scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging that long-range polar order is disrupted in PZT by utilizing composition-modulated superlattice. Shape of unit cell was unusual both in the Pb(Zr0.65Ti0.35)O3 (PZT65) and Pb(Zr0.30Ti0.70)O3 (PZT30) layers, which was due to mutual in-plane lattice constraint. By taking account of this, first-principles calculations clarified that multiple directions can be energetically favorable for lead-ion displacement, which explains a reason why long-range polar order was disrupted.
The infectious divide: a comparative study of the social impact of gated communities on the surrounding in the middle East
Authors: Hammad Ahmed , Li Mengbi , Vrcelj Zora
Published: May 2024

In recent years, gated communities have increasingly become an attractive lifestyle residence worldwide and in the Middle fostering security, privacy, seclusion, and exclusivity. Nonetheless, it seems that with these benefits, other impacts had unfolded and exposed the urban fabric to new attributes such as segregation, fragmentation, and social exclusion. However, gaps exist in the literature on comparative studies on gated communities in regions such as GCC (Gulf Corporation Council) countries and the Middle East (Glasze & Alkhayyal, 2002). This paper aims to examine the social impact of gated communities on the surrounding neighbourhoods through a comparative analysis of cases from the Middle East and GCC. The methodology was implemented to develop a qualitative framework of social segregation indicators to examine similarities and differences between the cases, aiming to identify patterns and gain insights to answer the article’s question of whether this phenomenon can be contagious in different settings. Findings reveal that gated communities can have negative and positive impacts on the social well-being of the surrounding neighbourhoods and may lead to social segregation and exclusion in different geographical settings despite their emergence motives. The paper concludes that isolation and lack of interaction between residents inside and outside the walls may have impacts on the social aspect of the surroundings.
Broadband Parametric Amplification in DARTWARS
Authors: Faverzani M. , Campana P. , Carobene R. , Gobbo M. , Ahrens F. , Avallone G. , Barone C. , Borghesi M. , Capelli S. , Carapella G. , Caricato A. P. , Callegaro L. , Carusotto I. , Celotto A. , Cian A. , D’Elia A. , Di Gioacchino D. , Enrico E. , Falferi P. , Fasolo L. , Ferri E. , Filatrella G. , Gatti C. , Giubertoni D. , Granata V. , Guarcello C. , Irace A. , Labranca D. , Leo A. , Ligi C. , Maccarrone G. , Mantegazzini F. , Margesin B. , Maruccio G. , Mezzena R. , Monteduro A. G. , Moretti R. , Nucciotti A. , Oberto L. , Origo L. , Pagano S. , Piedjou Komnang A. S. , Piersanti L. , Rettaroli A. , Rizzato S. , Tocci S. , Vinante A. , Zannoni M. , Giachero A.
Published: May 2024

Superconducting parametric amplifiers offer the capability to amplify feeble signals with extremely low levels of added noise, potentially reaching quantum-limited amplification. This characteristic makes them essential components in the realm of high-fidelity quantum computing and serves to propel advancements in the field of quantum sensing. In particular, Traveling-Wave Parametric Amplifiers (TWPAs) may be especially suitable for practical applications due to their multi-Gigahertz amplification bandwidth, a feature lacking in Josephson Parametric Amplifiers (JPAs), despite the latter being a more established technology. This paper presents recent developments of the DARTWARS (Detector Array Readout with Traveling Wave AmplifieRS) project, focusing on the latest prototypes of Kinetic Inductance TWPAs (KITWPAs). The project aims to develop a KITWPA capable of achieving 20 dB of amplification. To enhance the production yield, the first prototypes were fabricated with half the length and expected gain of the final device. In this paper, we present the results of the characterization of one of the half-length prototypes. The measurements revealed an average amplification of approximately 9 dB across a 2 GHz bandwidth for a KITWPA spanning 17 mm in length.
Random-Matrix Models of Monitored Quantum Circuits
Authors: Bulchandani Vir B. , Sondhi S. L. , Chalker J. T.
Published: May 2024

We study the competition between Haar-random unitary dynamics and measurements for unstructured systems of qubits. For projective measurements, we derive various properties of the statistical ensemble of Kraus operators analytically, including the purification time and the distribution of Born probabilities. The latter generalizes the Porter–Thomas distribution for random unitary circuits to the monitored setting and is log-normal at long times. We also consider weak measurements that interpolate between identity quantum channels and projective measurements. In this setting, we derive an exactly solvable Fokker–Planck equation for the joint distribution of singular values of Kraus operators, analogous to the Dorokhov–Mello–Pereyra–Kumar (DMPK) equation modelling disordered quantum wires. We expect that the statistical properties of Kraus operators we have established for these simple systems will serve as a model for the entangling phase of monitored quantum systems more generally.
Longitudinal Associations Among Socioeconomic Status, Delay Discounting, and Substance Use in Adolescence
Authors: Peviani Kristin M. , Clinchard Claudia , Bickel Warren K. , Casas Brooks , Kim-Spoon Jungmeen
Published: May 2024

It is unclear how delay discounting and substance use develop across adolescence and whether contextual factors alter their trajectories. The present study used a longitudinal design to examine whether socioeconomic status is related to developmental trajectories of delay discounting and substance use across adolescence. The sample included 167 adolescents (Mage = 14 at Time 1; 53% male) and their parents who participated annually across four years. Parents reported SES at Time 1 and adolescents completed delay discounting behavioral assessments and substance use questionnaires at Times 1 to 4. Bivariate latent growth curve modeling revealed that low SES was related to steeper increases in substance use from age 14 through 17, mediated through elevated delay discounting at age 14. The findings clarify the mediating role of delay discounting in linking family economic environment to the progression of substance use.
Extreme rainfall and landslides as a response to human-induced climate change: a case study at Baixada Santista, Brazil, 2020
Authors: de Souza Danilo Couto , Crespo Natália Machado , da Silva Douglas Vieira , Harada Lila Mina , de Godoy Renan Muinos Parrode , Domingues Leonardo Moreno , Luiz Rafael , Bortolozo Cassiano Antonio , Metodiev Daniel , de Andrade Marcio Roberto Magalhães , Hartley Andrew J. , de Abreu Rafael Cesario , Li Sihan , Lott Fraser C. , Sparrow Sarah
Published: May 2024

In March 2020, an extreme rainfall in Baixada Santista, Brazil, led to a series of landslides affecting more than 2800 people and resulting losses exceeding USD 43 million. This attribution study compared extreme rainfall in two large ensembles of the UK Met Office Hadley Centre HadGEM3-GA6 model that represented the event with and without the effects of anthropogenic climate change. Antecedent rainfall conditions on two different timescales are considered, namely extreme 60-day rainfall (Rx60day) which relates to the soil moisture conditions and extreme 3-day rainfall (Rx3day) which represents landslide triggering heavy rainfall. In the scenario including both natural and human-induced factors the antecedent 60 day rainfall became 74% more likely, while the short-term trigger was 46% more likely. The anthropogenic contribution to changes in rainfall accounted for 20–42% of the total losses and damages. The greatest economic losses occurred in Guarujá (42%), followed by São Vicente (30%) and Santos (28%). Landslides were responsible for 47% of the homes damaged, 85% of the homes destroyed, all reported injuries, and 51% of the deaths associated with heavy rainfall. Changes in land cover and urbanization showed a pronounced increase in urbanized area in Guarujá (107%), São Vicente (61.7%) and Santos (36.9%) and a reduction in farming area. In recent years, the region has experienced an increase in population growth and a rise in the proportion of irregular and/or precarious housing in high-risk areas. Guarujá has the highest number of such dwellings, accounting for 34.8%. Our estimates suggest that extreme precipitation events are having shorter return periods due to climate change and increased urbanization and population growth is exposing more people to these events. These findings are especially important for decision-makers in the context of disaster risk reduction and mitigation and adaptation to climate change.