bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation of a thermal environment in two buildings for the wet processing of coffee
Authors: Osorio Hernandez Robinson , Guerra-Garcia Lina Marcela , Ferreira-Tinôco Ilda de Fátima , Osorio-Saraz Jairo Alexander , Aristizábal-Torres Iván Darío
Published: April 2016

This study aimed to compare the bioclimate and energy consumption of two coffee wet processing facilities in Colombia, with two typical types of Colombian coffee, using computer simulation. Specifically, we evaluated the effect of the heat generated by machines and the effect of the natural ventilation area on temperature and relative air humidity inside these buildings and their energy consumption. The postharvest plant with typology b gave the best results in terms of temperature and relative humidity suitable to preserve the quality of the coffee bean. Its approximate energy consumption was 30% of the total consumed by typology a.
An early view of the barriers to entry and career development in Building Engineering
Authors: Infante-Perea Margarita , Román-Onsalo Marisa , Navarro-Astor Elena
Published: April 2016

The construction sector plays an important role in the global economy since it generates approximately 10% of the world GDP and employs around 7% of the workforce. Professional profiles for building engineers and barriers they may encounter when accessing the labor market as well as in their career development in the sector are researched. Having identified some variables as relevant barriers, this empirical research is exploratory in nature and adopts a descriptive and inferential approach, in order to analyze the influence of gender in the perception of barriers in two Spanish universities. Results show more difficult working circumstances for women, which allows us to reflect on the consequences of these early perceptions on the career development of the next generation of both male and female building engineers.
In vitro behavior of the dentin and enamel calcium hydroxyapatite in human premolars subjected to high temperatures
Authors: Medina Sebastián , Salazar Liliana , Mejía Carlos , Moreno Freddy
Published: April 2016

This paper details a cross-sectional, descriptive observational in vitro study of a pseudo-experimental nature that analyzes Electron Microscopy (SEM) by scanning the physical behavior of enamel and dentin calcium hydroxyapatite. The purpose is to describe the separation of these two mineralized dental tissues at the dentin-enamel junction (DEJ) when the teeth are subjected to high temperatures. This study provides scientific evidence that may broaden the discussion on the use of separation of the dentin-enamel junction as a constant and repetitive reliable marker for forensic use (use in forensic sciences) that can contribute to the dental identification process and documentation in a legal medical autopsy, given a situation in which bodies or human remains have been burned, carbonizated or incinerated.
Implementation of a non-conventional method to characterize voltage sags and swells
Authors: Celis-Montero Jorge Enrique , Fernando-Navas Diego , Castro-Aranda Ferley
Published: April 2016

Voltage sags and swells are among the power quality disturbances that represent the biggest economic losses for affected users. It is therefore necessary to undertake a suitable characterization of those events to conduct studies that permit the causes and possible mitigation techniques to be identified. This work describes the development of monitoring modules to characterize voltage sags and swells that could be used in Electromagnetic Transients Programs - EMTP (for example the ATP – Alternative Transients Program). The implemented module uses a novel method to characterize these disturbances. The results of the implementation show that the voltage sags and swells are appropriately characterized; furthermore, less sampled data is required from a voltage signal with respect to the conventional RMS voltage method. This could optimize the capture and analysis process of information in power quality monitoring.
Influence of strain rate and heat treatments on tensile and creep properties of Zn-0.15Cu-0.07Ti alloys
Authors: Quintana Hernández María José , García José Ovidio , González Ojeda Roberto , Verdeja José Ignacio
Published: April 2016

The use of Cu and Ti in Zn alloys improves mechanical properties as solid solution and dispersoid particles (grain refiners) may harden the material and reduce creep deformation. This is one of the main design problems for parts made with Zn alloys, even at room temperature. In this work the mechanical behavior of a Zn-Cu-Ti low alloy is presented using tensile tests at different strain rates, as well as creep tests at different loads to obtain the value of the strain rate coefficient m in samples parallel and perpendicular to the rolling direction of the Zn strip. The microstructure of the alloy in its raw state, as well as heat treated at 250°C, is also analyzed, as the banded structure produced by rolling influences the strengthening mechanisms that can be achieved through the treatment parameters.
Simultaneous dual true random numbers generator
Authors: Lopez Leyva Josue Aaron , Arvizu-Mondragón Arturo
Published: April 2016

This paper details the design and implementation of a simultaneous dual true random numbers generator using only one laser and a digital signal processing system with a DE0 Nano FPGA. We implemented the random generator in such a way that a vacuum optical field will exist in our system. Taking advantage of the inherently random nature of the field, simultaneously quadrature components are measured in order to generate a truly random voltage signal. Also, we used a dynamical system of statistical analysis to eliminate any residual component of direct current on output voltage signal due to an (unavoidable) optical power imbalance in the optical system that was implemented. Finally, were measured the parameters of the auto-correlation and bias probability with values of 0.00010, 0002, respectively, which means that our system can be considered as a true random sequence generator capable of producing two sequences in an independent manner with a bit rate of up to 25 MHz.
Forecasting of short-term flow freight congestion: A study case of Algeciras Bay Port (Spain)
Authors: Ruiz Aguilar Juan Jesús , Turias Ignacio J. , Moscoso López José A. , Jiménez Come María J. , Cerbán María M.
Published: April 2016

The prediction of freight congestion (cargo peaks) is an important tool for decision making and it is this paper’s main object of study. Forecasting freight flows can be a useful tool for the whole logistics chain. In this work, a complete methodology is presented in order to obtain the best model to predict freight congestion situations at ports. The prediction is modeled as a classification problem and different approaches are tested (k-Nearest Neighbors, Bayes classifier and Artificial Neural Networks). A panel of different experts (post–hoc methods of Friedman test) has been developed in order to select the best model. The proposed methodology is applied in the Strait of Gibraltar’s logistics hub with a study case being undertaken in Port of Algeciras Bay. The results obtained reveal the efficiency of the presented models that can be applied to improve daily operations planning.
Modeling waste management in a bioethanol supply chain: A system dynamics approach
Authors: Ibarra Vega Danny Waldir
Published: April 2016

This paper presents a model and simulations, which was built with a System Dynamics methodology applied to waste management in the bioethanol supply chain in Colombia. The stages of the supply chain used were cane planting, production and the distribution process. The residues taken into account were bagasse and vinasse. Moreover, four simulation scenarios were performed in which the values of variables modified management strategies. The installed bioethanol production capacity was increased to observe the evolution of increased waste generation evaluated. The initial conditions for the simulation were modified to represent a production of about 2,500,000 liters / day. This leads to an increased generation of vinasse of over 400 million liters on average in a month and around more than 1 million tones of bagasse. The results are used to estimate the impact of management strategies on the amount of waste generated in the production of bioethanol.
Sparse representations of dynamic scenes for compressive spectral video sensing
Authors: Correa Pugliese Claudia Victoria , Galvis Carreño Diana Fernanda , Arguello Fuentes Henry
Published: April 2016

The coded aperture snapshot spectral imager (CASSI) is an optical architecture that captures spectral images using compressive sensing. This system improves the sensing speed and reduces the large amount of collected data given by conventional spectral imaging systems. In several applications, it is necessary to analyze changes that occur between short periods of time. This paper first presents a sparsity analysis for spectral video signals, to obtain accurate approximations and better comply compressed sensing theory. The use of the CASSI system in compressive spectral video sensing then is proposed. The main goal of this approach is to capture the spatio-spectral information of dynamic scenes using a 2-dimensional set of projections. This application involves the use of a digital micro-mirror device that implements the traditional coded apertures used by CASSI. Simulations show that accurate reconstructions along the spatial, spectral and temporal axes are attained, with PSNR values of around 30 dB.
Managing relationships and communications in higher education efficiently through digital social networks: The importance of the relational coordination model
Authors: Lacayo Mendoza Alexander , Heredero Carmen De Pablos
Published: April 2016

Digital social networks have proven to be of great support for organizations that are increasingly using new forms of social communication every day, seeking to improve their productivity and competitiveness. The main objective of this study is to explain how organizations, particularly Institutions of Higher Education, can improve their competitive position through the use of digital social networks from the perspective of relationship management and management of communications, in order to achieve better results in terms of teamwork satisfaction, relationship marketing and educational excellence. For this objective, the application of a relational coordination model, based on the sharing of objectives, optimal knowledge management, mutual respect and efficient communication mechanisms, is suggested.
A mixed-integer linear programming model for harvesting, loading and transporting sugarcane. A case study in Peru
Authors: Morales-Chávez Marcela María , Soto-Mejía José A. , Sarache William Ariel
Published: April 2016

Due to opportunities for economic and social development in the biofuels market, improvement to the supply chain has become a relevant matter. In agro-industrial supply chains, procurement costs are highly relevant. Since sugarcane is a high performance raw material for ethanol production, this paper proposes a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming Model for cost optimization for harvesting, loading and transportation operations. The model determines the quantity of machines and workers to meet the biofuel plant requirements. Costs of resources for harvesting and loading as well as transportation costs from the land parcel to the production plant are minimized. Also, the model calculates the cost of penalties for shortages (unmet demand) and the cost of equipment idle time. The implementation of the model in a Peruvian biofuels company, showed a cost reduction of around 11 % when compared to the current costs.
Sol-gel synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticle at three different temperatures and its characterization via XRD, IR and EPR
Authors: Acosta Humánez Manuel Fernando , Montes Vides Luis Alfredo , Almanza-Montero Ovidio Amado
Published: April 2016

In this work, nanoparticles of zinc oxide were synthesized; they were formed using the sol-gel method (citrate route) at calcination temperatures (Tc) of 500, 550 and 600 °C. For all samples studied, IR spectroscopy showed the presence of the bands associated with water molecules present in the zinc oxide and carbon dioxide adsorbed on its surface. The formation of zinc oxide phase was confirmed by XRD, which showed that from 500 ºC it had this type of Wurtzite structure. However, samples calcinated at 600 ºC have higher crystallinity. Crystallite size was calculated using the Scherrer equation. The Rietveld method was used to obtain lattice parameters a and c for Wurtzite cell types as well as cell volume and the ratio c/a of each sample. These parameters do not show significant changes when they are compared with values obtained from samples with different calcination temperatures. Electron paramagnetic resonance showed the presence of defects in the zinc oxide. Three signals with g values of 1.96, 2.00 and 2.04 were associated with oxygen and zinc vacancies. Defects in the structure disappear when the calcination temperature is increased. The sample that was highlighted with the highest concentration of vacancies has a mean crystallite size greater than 30 nm, and this may also be responsible for this feature.
Evaluation of internal and external stresses on the SPT sampler
Authors: Zapata Juliana , Esquivel Edmundo Rogerio
Published: April 2016

The NSPT index is usually used in empirical correlations to estimate parameters of the soil, carrying capacity, foundation settlement, etc. Because these correlations have no scientific basis, researchers have been developing rational methods of analysis, based on energy concepts. The amounts of energy involved in the SPT test are evaluated by the EFV method. With force and acceleration records, amounts of energy, equipment efficiency, experimental dynamic reaction force of the soil and stresses acting on the sampler were assessed. In this study, a sample extractor system was designed, which consists of a base, a hydraulic cylinder and a load cell. The objective of this equipment is to experimentally quantify the internal friction force, allowing the stresses acting on the sampler to be evaluated. Also, the Aoki's a parameter, which is the ratio of internal friction and external friction between the ground and the sampler, could be calculated.
Environmental study of gold mining tailings in the Ponce Enriquez mining area (Ecuador)
Authors: Peña Carpio Elizabeth , Menendez-Aguado Juan M
Published: April 2016

As a result of the artisanal mining activities in Ecuador (specially in Ponce Enriquez mining area, province of Azuay), great quantities of mining wastes have been disposed, usually without adequate management standards. Consequent acid rock drainage has been responsible of surface and underground water and surface water bodies. The aim of this study is to show a methodology which can characterize mining wastes to assist the taking decision process about remediation and/or ultimate disposition possibilities.
Actitudes de los gineco-obstetras ante la interrupción legal voluntaria del embarazo
Authors: Quintero Roa Eliana Maribel , Ochoa Vera Miguel Enrique
Published: April 2016

Colombia despenalizó la Interrupción Legal y Voluntaria del Embarazo (ILVE) en gestaciones que: constituyan peligro para la vida o la salud de la mujer, cursen con malformaciones fetales que hagan inviable la vida o sean resultado de una violación, inseminación artificial o transferencia de óvulo fecundado no consentidas, o de incesto.  Personas que han solicitado este servicio han reportado serias dificultades para recibirlo. Dado que son los gineco-obstetras quienes manejan usualmente estos eventos, se propuso indagar cuál era la actitud que asumían al momento de atender dichas solicitudes.

Método Cuali-cuantitativo. Se aplicaron encuestas auto administradas y anónimas al universo de gineco-obstetras que laboraban en Bucaramanga a Enero 30 del 2012 y entrevistas semi-estructuradas a una porción seleccionada de esta población. 

Resultados Existen déficits conceptuales en la normativa que aplica para la ILVE y para la Objeción de Conciencia (OC). Los ítems “embarazo que pone en riesgo la vida materna” o que “cursa con malformaciones fetales incompatibles con la vida”, tienen aceptación y posibilidad de concreción en el acto médico pertinente. La causal  “embarazo producto de una violación” siendo aceptada, es la que ocasiona mayor proporción de objetores de conciencia. 

Conclusiones Los problemas conceptuales en la aplicación de la norma así como la existencia de dificultades de índole logístico – administrativas propias del sistema de salud, son elementos que favorecen las trabas que enfrentan las pacientes que solicitan una ILVE. La regulación de la edad gestacional máxima hasta la que se permite la ILVE mejoraría la aplicación de la norma.
Impact of Vigorous exercise on serum levels of L-Carnitine in prisoners in Colombia
Authors: Acevedo Pabón Angel Francisco , Manrique-Abril Fred Gustavo , Ospina-Diaz Juan Manuel
Published: April 2016

To assess the effect of a program of vigorous physical exercises on the serum concentration of free and total L-carnitine, in male inmates at a prison in Boyacá, Colombia.

Methods Pre-post intervention population-based study. 44 male prisoners with overweight and/or obesity, from a jail in Boyacá, Colombia were randomly assigned into two groups: an intervention group and a control group. The intervention consisted in participating in a vigorous exercise program over twelve weeks. Anthropometric measures and levels of free and total L-carnitine were every four weeks.

Results There were significant increases in serum levels of free and total L-carnitine in the intervention group compared to the control group. Concurrently, in this group there was a reduction in body mass index (BMI), while in the control group there were no changes.

Conclusion In overweight and/or obese patients, the routine practice of vigorous exercise plus caloric restriction offers significant benefits in reducing body fat volumes through the mechanisms of energetic consumption of long chain fatty acids.
Modelo de simulación y minería de datos para identificar y predecir cambios presupuestales en la atención de pacientes con hipertensión arterial
Authors: Castaño Néstor Jaime , Osorio Jose Henry , Joyanes-Aguilar Luis
Published: April 2016

Presentar un modelo de simulación en el cual se establece el impacto económico que, para el sistema de seguridad social, produce la evolución diagnóstica de pacientes asociados con la hipertensión arterial.

Métodos La información utilizada corresponde a la contenida en los Registros Individuales de Salud (RIPs). Se realizó una caracterización estadística y se planteó un modelo de almacenamiento matricial en Matlab. Se utilizó minería de datos para la elaboración de predictores y finalmente, se construyó un entorno de simulación para determinar el costo económico de la evolución diagnóstica.

Resultados La población que evoluciona desde el diagnóstico corresponde a un 5,7 % y el sobrecosto de producirlo es de 43,2 %.

Conclusiones Se abre la posibilidad para realizar investigaciones orientadas a establecer las relaciones diagnósticas dentro de toda la información reportada en los RIPs, con el fin de establecer indicadores econométricos que determinen cuáles son las evoluciones diagnósticas con mayor relevancia en el impacto presupuestal.
Factores relacionados con las prácticas alimentarias de estudiantes de tres universidades de Bogotá
Authors: Duarte Cuervo Clara Yamile , Ramos Caballero Diana Marcela , Latorre Guapo Angela Consuelo , González Robayo Pedro Nel
Published: April 2016

Identificar y describir los hábitos alimentarios de los estudiantes de tres universidades de Bogotá y los factores que influyen en su adopción. Se realizaron tres grupos focales con participación promedio de 12 estudiantes de diferentes carreras de pregrado con edades entre 18 y 25 años. El contenido de los relatos fue analizado y categorizado de acuerdo a los factores que influyen en la selección de alimentos y los hábitos de alimentación. Los estudiantes señalan los factores sensoriales y de higiene, el costo de los alimentos, la disponibilidad de los mismos y el tiempo disponible para comer  como principales factores que influyen en la selección. Se identifica además la influencia de los amigos y la familia, entre otros, en las elecciones en este aspecto. Los estudiantes participantes refirieron preferir la comida de su casa, consumir la mayor parte de sus comidas en el hogar y tener horarios de alimentación marcados por las actividades académicas. Aunque los estudiantes tienen conocimientos acerca de lo que es bueno para ellos en términos de alimentación, en la vida universitaria la organización de las jornadas  académicas, la disponibilidad de alimentos y de recursos económicos marcan de manera importante los hábitos y elecciones que realizan. Las estrategias de promoción de hábitos saludables en las universidades deberían entonces privilegiar el control de tales barreras.
Conocimientos y actitudes de estudiantes de medicina ante el aborto inducido despenalizado
Authors: Quintero Roa Eliana Maribel , Ochoa Vera Miguel Enrique
Published: April 2016

Establecer si la exposición académica a la Interrupción Legal y Voluntaria del Embarazo (ILVE) influye en los conocimientos y actitudes que ante este evento tienen los estudiantes de medicina.

Método En la ciudad de Bucaramanga, en el segundo semestre del 2011, se aplicaron a la cohorte de estudiantes de medicina, que estaban matriculados en universidades acreditadas institucionalmente, en el curso de gineco-obstetricia, encuestas anónimas y entrevistas grupales, al inicio y al final del periodo académico.

Resultados Las causales embarazos que cursan con riesgo para la vida materna, con fetos afectados por malformaciones incompatibles con la vida, o productos de violación, tienen reconocimiento y aceptación entre los estudiantes, las otras causales descritas por la ley colombiana, no. El 46 % de quienes cursaron el semestre, variaron su actitud ante la ILVE así: Tres de cada cuatro pasaron de rechazar cualquier indicación de aborto a aceptar solo los ítems despenalizados, y uno de cada cuatro pasó de aceptar los parámetros despenalizados a rechazar cualquiera de estos ítems. Respecto de la atención de pacientes que soliciten una ILVE, los estudiantes consideran que los médicos generales no poseen la formación idónea para brindarles la atención que estas requieren.

Conclusiones Mejorar y crear espacios pedagógicos donde se adquieran competencias  para enfrentar y manejar la ILVE puede disminuir la posibilidad de que los médicos enfoquen inadecuadamente las pacientes que consultan por esta causa.
Contextos locales de la vigilancia de la calidad del agua para consumo humano en de los países de América Latina: Brasil y Colombia
Authors: Guzman Barragan Blanca Lisseth
Published: April 2016

Analizar comparativamente los sistemas nacionales de vigilancia de la calidad del agua para consumo humano (VCACH) de Brasil y Colombia, con el fin de comprender como están organizadas las prácticas en estos países, sus límites y posibilidades.

Métodos: Se utilizó la metodología Cross Nacional, mediante el análisis documental de fuentes secundarias, las cuales fueron obtenidas a través de las instituciones responsables y páginas oficiales. Con el propósito de discutir las convergencias y divergencias entre los dos sistemas, considerando las directrices de la Organización Mundial da Salud.

Resultados: Los marcos legales de la VCACH en Brasil y Colombia comienzan a definirse en la década 70-80, coincidiendo con la visibilidad internacional de esta temática. Las prácticas de VCACH en el Brasil estuvieron definidas y organizadas en un programa nacional, lo que solamente se está dando en Colombia recientemente. Las actuales legislaciones avanzan en los componentes que orientan las prácticas de vigilancia, por ejemplo, incorporación de metodologías de evaluación de riesgo. La legislación colombiana establece la regulación de la prestación de los servicios de abastecimiento de agua, aspecto no contemplado en la legislación brasilera. Elementos como descentralización, intersectorialidad, universalidad y el derecho a información son contemplados en las legislaciones de ambos países, aunque las acciones de VCACH necesiten avanzar para la efectiva operatividad de los mismos.

Conclusiones: Brasil y Colombia presentan semejanzas en los procesos de definición de la VCACH, estando en momentos distintos de implementación de las acciones de VCACH. Estas son necesarias para garantizar los derechos humanos relacionados con la preservación de ambiente, así como la universalidad del acceso a agua potable en cantidades y en calidad adecuadas, contribuyendo en la promoción de la salud.
Características familiares relacionadas con el estado nutricional en escolares de la ciudad de Cartagena
Authors: Gonzalez Pastrana Yina Paola , Diaz Montes Carmen Elena
Published: April 2016

Determinar las características familiares asociadas al estado nutricional de los niños escolarizados de la ciudad de Cartagena.

Método Estudio transversal, población 104 384 niños de 6 a 10 años de la ciudad de Cartagena. Nivel de confianza 95 %, prevalencia 5.8 %, error 2 %. La muestra fue de 544 escolares. Se seleccionaron los colegios por afijación proporcional en cada una de las tres localidades de la cuidad, para un total de 21 colegios, posteriormente se seleccionaron, aleatoriamente los salones y de estos los niños hasta completar la muestra. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la ficha y el APGAR familiar, para valorar las características familiares así como su funcionalidad y para el estado nutricional se tomaron las medidas antropométricas y se evaluaron en el programa WHO Anthro Plus. La información se procesó en el paquete estadístico Epi info 7.

Resultados El 53,9 % de los escolares presentó un adecuado estado nutricional mientras que el 46,1 % estaban malnutridos. Las características familiares asociadas a la malnutrición infantil  por exceso fueron el número de integrantes OR 0.65 (IC: 0,4-0,9) y los ingresos familiares OR 0,53 (IC: 0,3-0,7). Por su parte a la malnutrición por déficit se asoció el ingreso familiar OR 2,08 (IC: 1,1-3,9).

Conclusión Las variables que mostraron asociación con el estado nutricional fueron: ingresos económicos menores/iguales al salario mínimo y  número de integrantes de la familia.
Comprensión e implementación de la promoción de la salud en instituciones de educación superior en Colombia
Authors: Duarte Cuervo Clara Yamile
Published: April 2016

Caracterizar la implementación y la comprensión de la Promoción de la Salud en Instituciones de Educación Superior en Colombia.

Métodos Se realiza un estudio cualitativo con enfoque etnográfico en once instituciones de cinco ciudades, usando una encuesta y una entrevista exploratoria, entrevistas a gestores, observación directa, así como revisión  documental. La información se analiza a la luz de conceptualizaciones sobre promoción de la salud, entornos saludables y universidades promotoras de la salud.

Resultados: Las instituciones han desarrollado políticas, programas, así como acciones de educación, reorientación de los servicios de salud, participación, intervención sobre el ambiente, investigación y otras con alcance familiar y comunitario.

Conclusión: El desarrollo de la promoción de la salud en estas instituciones ha recorrido caminos distintos, coexisten el enfoque preventivo y abordajes intersectoriales con perspectivas amplias. Se presentan como desafíos la formación de los profesionales como gestores de cambio y la promoción como proceso de transformación organizacional.
Relación entre el estado nutricional y el ausentismo escolar en estudiantes de escuelas rurales
Authors: Vargas cruz Sandra Lucia , Rodriguez Escobar Gilma , Ibañez Pinilla Edgar Antonio , Matiz Salazar Maria Ines , Overgaard Hans Jorgen
Published: April 2016

Determinar el estado nutricional, las prevalencias de desnutrición y sobrepeso de estudiantes en escuelas rurales y su relación con tasas de ausentismo escolar.

Métodos Estudio descriptivo en 34 escuelas rurales de Anapoima y La Mesa en 2013. Una muestra de 785 (82,4 %) estudiantes fueron seleccionados por muestreo por conveniencia. Criterios de inclusión: estudiante matriculado en 2013 de los grados 0-5 (edades 5-16) con consentimiento de  padres o acudientes y asentimiento del estudiante. Se tomaron medidas de peso y talla. Se registraron tasas de ausencia (general y por enfermedad).

Resultados 422 estudiantes fueron varones (53,8 %) y 524 (66,8 %) tenían entre 5-9 años. La prevalencia de talla baja para la edad fue 10,1 % (n=79). La delgadez fue 1,75 % (n=13), el sobrepeso 14,3 % (n=112) y la obesidad 4,5 % (n=45).

Las tasas de episodios de ausentismo general y por enfermedad por niño al año fueron 5,7 y 1,4 respectivamente. Los estudiantes con baja talla para la edad y sobrepeso tuvieron un número significativamente mayor de días de ausencias en comparación con los estudiantes con adecuado estado nutricional (p<0,01). Los estudiantes con talla baja para la edad tuvieron las tasas más altas de ausentismo.

Conclusiones Coexistencia de  desnutrición y obesidad en el área de estudio. Relación significativa entre el mayor número de días de ausentismo general y por enfermedad con el retardo en el crecimiento y el sobrepeso en los escolares.
Valoracion economica en salud y medio ambiente del control de contaminantes orgánicos persistentes en colombia
Authors: García UBaque Cesar Augusto , Vaca-Bohórquez Martha Lucía , García-Ubaque Juan Carlos
Published: April 2016

Estimar los beneficios económicos en salud y ambientales relacionados con la implementación del Convenio de Estocolmo para el control de Compuestos Orgánicos Persistentes (COP) en el país.

Método La estimación se realizó teniendo en cuenta dos escenarios: cumplimiento del convenio y no cumplimiento del Convenio y el beneficio bruto se derivó de la diferencia en valor presente entre los costos en salud y ambientales que se asumen en cada escenario.

Resultados Los beneficios brutos por la disminución de gastos en salud derivados de la implementación del Convenio se estiman entre USD $511 y USD $501 millones. Al introducir variables como los costos de gestión del convenio y los posibles beneficios por acceso a mercados internacionales, los beneficios para el país se estiman entre USD $1.631 y USD $3.118 millones.

Discusión A pesar de los beneficios económicos generados por menores gastos en salud con la aplicación del Convenio, los costos asociados a la reducción de estos contaminantes, generan un balance negativo, que solo es compensado al cruzar estas cifras con la expectativa de mayores ingresos por acceso a mercados internacionales. Se considera que esta valoración económica como un primer ejercicio es un aporte importante, pero que debe ser actualizado a la luz de metodologías de valoración que involucren otras variables de rentabilidad social y diferentes escenarios por tecnologías emergentes, nuevo conocimiento sobre estos contaminantes, cambios en la legislación y/o cambios en las condiciones de tratados internacionales, entre otros.
Improving efficiency of calcium oxide expansive additives by polylactic acid film
Authors: Wang Rui , Tian Qian , Zhang Shouzhi , Li Hua , Lu Anqun , Cheng Jun , Li Lei , Liu Jiaping
Published: April 2016

Calcium oxide-based expansive additive (CEA) has the disadvantages of a too-fast reaction rate when mixed with water and lower storage stability when exposed to the atmosphere, which reduces its expansion efficiency for shrinkage-compensating concrete. This paper introduces a modification technology by encapsulating CEA particles with polylactic acid (PLA) polymer to form a protective membrane. Experimental results indicate that the encapsulating PLA membrane could build an inductive period in the hydration process of CEA and delay the initiation of hydration when mixed with water, thus effectively reducing the invalid hydration of CEA during the plastic stage. Restrained and free deformation testing results demonstrate that the expansion of the cement paste incorporating modified CEA increases by 25% and 35% over that of the paste with the original CEA, respectively. The weathering rate, assessed under conditions of 25°C and 60% humidity to evaluate the storage stability, was slowed down by 30%. This paper offers an original method to improve the expansion efficiency of additives so that sufficient varieties of polymer can be utilised.
Service Team and Service Performance: Examining Direct and Indirect Member Contributions through Field Experiment
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Baek Un-Ji , Lee Seul-ki
Published: April 2016

Many hospitality firms strive to improve service performance through teams, in order to respond to rapidly changing circumstances. However, team efficiency may be impaired when evaluation and compensation of respective team members’ contributions is deemed unfair. Despite their importance, the contributions of individuals to team service performance have lacked attention in academia. This study introduced a service team performance model, in which direct and team contributions by the individual to service performance are identified. The service team construct was manipulated using all possible combinations in a field setting. Through weighted least squares (WLS) analysis of data collected from 186 respondents, we found that individual performance in service teams differ significantly in terms of direct and indirect contributions. Therefore, the need to consider interaction effects among team members when evaluating service performance was motivated. Furthermore, the learning effects, rest effects, and frequency of customer visits were found to affect service quality. This study contributed to the dynamics in service team formulation and service performance, and also provided a meaningful implication for human resource managers in hospitality and tourism industries. This was done by suggesting a holistic approach to employee evaluation.
Loyalty Intention Formation for Cruise Travel: The Moderating Impact of Perceived Risk and the Mediating Impact of Affective Experience
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Jung Hee-kyoung , Han Hee-Sup
Published: April 2016

Research examining cruise passengers’ behaviors is not abundant. The present research attempted to assess the complexity of the relationships among travel motivations, affective experiences, and loyalty intentions in the emerging cruise industry. We also tested the mediating impact of affective experiences in determining loyalty intentions and the moderating effect of perceived risk in loyalty formation. Based on Baron and Kenny’s (1986) process, we utilized a series of multiple regression analyses. Our findings indicated that the employed measures included an acceptable level of reliability and validity. In addition, results showed that affective experiences in general significantly mediated the impact of cruise-travel motivations on passengers’ loyalty intentions. Furthermore, perceived risk was identified to be a significant moderator in the relationship between motivation factors and affective experiences. In sum, this study is one of the few studies that empirically demonstrates cruise passenger loyalty formation by considering the impact of both mediator and moderator within a single theoretical framework. Our findings would be useful for tourism researchers and cruise operators.
Influence of a Temple Stay Experience on the Perceived Quality of Leisure Life
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Kim Min-Ja , Chun Byung-gil
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between perceived quality of life and experiential factors(cognitive and affective) associated with a temple stay. The data was collected from 765 temple stay participants throughout 30 different Buddhist temples that accommodate guests, and analyzed by structural equation modeling. Results indicate that three experiential factors(Being with nature, Learning, and Relaxation) are useful in predicting the level of positive emotions. In turn, positive emotions significantly influence perceived quality of life. As such, it is concluded that three experiential factors(Being with nature, Self-growth & Reflection, Relaxation) are antecedents for the perceived quality of life. In addition, the mediating role of emotion in the relationship between experiences and the perceived quality of life is also examined.
Positioning Analysis of Dessert Cafe based on Brand Personality
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Cho Si-Young , Jun Jae-Kyoon
Published: April 2016

This study adapted multidimensional scale analysis to explore how consumers position dessert cafe brands according to brand personality. A position strategy that establishes competitive advantage is critical for the marketing success of a franchise brand. This study has produced perceptual maps showing the locations of dessert cafe brands. Data were collected from a sample of 240 dessert cafe consumers in Busan. A self-completion questionnaire was used to measure brand similarity, brand personality and brand preference. The results of multidimensional scaling analysis show that Sealbing & Kong Kkomul, Mango Six & To The Different, Wicked Snow & Baekseol Gongju were highly competitive with each other as can be seen by their close proximity in the perceptual map. The vector map for all respondents indicated that Baekseol Gongju and Wiched Snow had the strongest positioning based on ‘attractive’ and ‘active’ characteristics. On the other hand, the vector map for female respondents indicated that Sealbing and Kong Kkomul had the strongest positioning according to brand personality based on ‘young’, ‘successful’, ‘professional’. This study provides a useful implication for competitiveness among seven brands.
A new species of the booklouse genus Embidopsocus in Baltic amber (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae)
Authors: Engel Michael S.
Published: April 2016

The first representative of the booklouse genus Embidopsocus Hagen (Nanopsocetae: Liposcelididae) is documented from the blaue Erde of northern Europe.  Embidopsocus pankowskiorum Engel, new species, is similar to the related E. saxonicus Günther from the Bitterfeld deposits (so-called ‘Saxonian amber’) and E. eocenicus Nel et al. from Oise amber, but differs in details of antennal structure, setation, wing venation, and size.  The species is described and comments made regarding its character affinities to other fossil liposcelidids.
Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α Attenuates the Osteogenic Differentiation Capacity of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells by Activating PERK Signaling
Authors: Tan Jun , Zhou Lihua , Xue Peng , An Ying , Luo Lankun , Zhang Rong , Wu Guangsheng , Wang Ying , Zhu Hong , Wang Qintao
Published: April 2016

Background: Human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) display efficient osteogenic differentiation capacity but fail to rescue bone breakdown associated with periodontitis. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response have recently been linked to inflammation and osteogenic differentiation. Therefore, the role of the double‐stranded RNA‐activated protein kinase (PKR)‐like ER kinase (PERK) pathway in the impaired osteogenic differentiation ability of PDLSCs treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α was investigated.

Methods: PDLSCs were isolated and stimulated with osteogenic media containing 1, 10, or 20 ng/mL TNF‐α. Assessment included: 1) expression of runt‐related transcription factor 2 and osteocalcin; 2) mRNA expression and activity of alkaline phosphatase; and 3) formation of mineralization nodules. Furthermore, expression of PERK pathway‐related factors: 1) glucose‐regulated protein (GRP) 78; 2) PERK; 3) activating transcription factor (ATF) 4; and 4) CCAAT‐enhancer‐binding proteins (C/EBP) homologous protein were also measured. Osteogenic differentiation and inhibition of the PERK pathway were also examined in cells pretreated with an inhibitor of ER stress, 4‐phenylbutyric acid (PBA), followed by TNF‐α stimulation. Finally, PERK small interfering RNA was used to examine osteogenic differentiation attenuated by TNF‐α.

Results: Higher concentrations of TNF‐α (10 and 20 ng/mL) impaired osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs but activated the PERK pathway. Pretreatment of PDLSCs with lower concentrations of 4‐PBA prevented the TNF‐α‐induced upregulation of GRP78, PERK, and ATF4 and recovered differentiation ability. Finally, PERK knockdown also restored osteogenic differentiation.

Conclusion: TNF‐α attenuates osteogenic differentiation ability of PDLSCs through activation of the PERK pathway.
Vitamin D Status and Tooth Loss in Postmenopausal Females: The Buffalo Osteoporosis and Periodontal Disease (OsteoPerio) Study
Authors: Pavlesen Sonja , Mai Xiaodan , Wactawski‐Wende Jean , LaMonte Michael J. , Hovey Kathy M. , Genco Robert J. , Millen Amy E.
Published: April 2016

Background: Vitamin D is hypothesized to reduce risk for tooth loss via its influence on bone health, inflammation, and the immune response. The association between plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and prevalence and 5‐year incidence of tooth loss in a cohort of postmenopausal females was examined.

Methods: Participants underwent oral examinations at study baseline (1997 to 2000) and follow‐up (2002 to 2005) to determine the number of missing teeth and 5‐year incidence of tooth loss, respectively. At both visits, females self‐reported reasons for each missing tooth. At baseline, 152 females reported no history of tooth loss, and 628 were categorized as reporting a history of tooth loss as a result of periodontal disease (n = 70) or caries (n = 558) (total n = 780). At follow‐up, 96, 376, 48, and 328 females were categorized into the aforementioned categories related to tooth loss (total n = 472). Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for tooth loss by category of baseline 25(OH)D (nmol/L) concentrations. Models were adjusted for age, income, smoking status, frequency of dental visits, waist circumference, and recreational physical activity. P value for trend was estimated using continuous concentrations of 25(OH)D.

Results: Among females with 25(OH)D ≥50 (adequate vitamin D status) compared to <50 nmol/L (deficient/inadequate), the adjusted ORs were 1.24 (95% CI = 0.82 to 1.87), P‐trend = <0.05 for the history (prevalence) of tooth loss resulting from periodontal disease or caries and 1.07 (95% CI = 0.62 to 1.85), P‐trend = 0.11 for the incidence of tooth loss resulting from periodontal disease or caries. No statistically significant association was observed between 25(OH)D and the history or incidence of tooth loss caused by periodontal disease. An increased odds of the history of tooth loss attributable to caries was observed with increasing concentrations of 25(OH)D (P‐trend = <0.05) but was not confirmed in prospective analyses.

Conclusion: In this cohort of postmenopausal females, the data do not support an association between vitamin D status and tooth loss.
Presoja prostorskega stratificiranja za vzorčno ocenjevanje gozdnih zemljišč
Authors: Hladnik David
Published: April 2016

Stratification based on Slovenian forest typology has been proposed for sampling forest land-use/ land-cover data and changes over time. Using land-use map and forest typology map we evaluated geographic scales of variance for landscape-level indices and compared stratification by administrative units and regions. As forest prevails in 10 out of 12 statistical regions in terms of its surface area, these regions cannot be effective stratification tool for sampling and mapping land-use. Statistical regions accounted for 21 percent of the total variance of percent agriculture and 17 percent of total variance in amount of forest. Through the classification of quadratic 1 square kilometre tiles according to the typology of forest site types, somewhat greater proportion of total variance has been explained by stratification than on the spatial scale of statistical regions, although on the account of the high number of groups (29 strata). The great differences in fragmentation indices for these forest groups illustrate that the spatial scale for the formation of strata is smaller than the regional one.
IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI PENGOKSIDASI BESI DAN SULFUR BERDASARKAN GEN 16S rRNA DARI LAHAN TAMBANG TIMAH DI BELITUNG
Authors: Puspitasari Dhewanti , Pramono Hendro , Oedjijono Oedjijono
Published: April 2016

Heavy metals contamination disturb balance and diversity of microorganism in soil. Microorganisms which can able to survive in those conditions are bacteria capable of oxidizing heavy metals. Identification based on 16S rRNA was used to determine characteristics and phylogenetic relationship of bacteria which can oxidize iron and sulphur in tin mining areas. The aim of this research was able to determine the bacterias characteristics isolated from tin mining areas and determine the phylogenetic relation of iron-sulphur oxidizing bacteria on tin mining soil in Belitung based on 16S rRNA sequences. This research was done using descriptive method, including isolation, morphological characterization, and identification based on 16S rRNA sequences. Morphology characterization includes colony and cell morphology through Gram staining. Molecular characterization includes amplification of 16S rRNA gene (Polymerase Chain Reaction/ PCR), electrophoresis amplicon and sequencing. Bacteria identification was done by comparing the 16S rRNA gene sequence in GenBank. The result showed three bacterias were identified by 16S rRNA have a similarity with Bacillus anthracis strain Ames, Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579, Staphylococcus sciuri subsp. Sciuri strains DSM 20345 and Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665.
Educação Empreendedora: O Desenvolvimento do Empreendedorismo e Inovação Social em Instituições de Ensino Superior
Authors: Miranda de Oliveira Anna Gabriela , Melo Marlene Catarina de Oliveira Lopes , De Muylder Cristiana Fernandes
Published: April 2016

Este estudo buscou identificar e analisar as ações praticadas por Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) para o desenvolvimento da educação empreendedora com ênfase no empreendedorismo e inovação empresarial e social. A pesquisa de campo constituiu-se de entrevistas com professores envolvidos nos projetos das IES pesquisadas e questionários aplicados aos alunos concluintes do curso de Administração. As médias obtidas na pesquisa, e a baixa variabilidade relativa observada nos dados mostram que as IES tem alcançado certa consolidação do tema empreendedorismo com um reforço à concepção da inovação, encaminhando – ainda lentamente – para o desenvolvimento destes temas em seus modelos de ensino.
First Trial of Underwater Excavator Work Supported by Acoustic Video Camera
Authors: Hirabayashi Taketsugu ,   Port and Airport Research Institute, Abukawa Kazuki , Sato Tomoo , Matsumoto Sayuri , Yoshie Muneo
Published: April 2016

[abstFig src='/00280002/04.jpg' width=""300"" text='The experiment of recognition by acoustic video camera' ]External recognition is important for underwater machinery works. However, acquisition of external field information from optical camera images may not be possible, owing to muddiness of water caused by such work. Furthermore, in order to improve the workability of machines in the scenario of their remote operation, it is important to know the positional relation information between a target object and the end effector. To solve these problems, an acoustic video camera was developed and performance test experiments were conducted at a caisson dockyard. In the experiments, a prototype of acoustic video camera was used to measure and to recognize a target objects and an underwater construction machine. And the feasibility of monitoring for underwater construction using the acoustic videos was evaluated. As a result, it was found that despite the lower accuracy of shape recognition on account of a resolution problem, the positional relation could be recognized satisfactorily since the video images could be presented from an arbitrary viewpoint.