bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of adverse drug reaction formatting in drug information mobile phone applications
Authors: McConachie Sean M. , Berri Dena , Konja Jewel , Giuliano Christopher A.
Published: February 2022

Objective: To evaluate the differences in presentation (formatting) of adverse drug reaction (ADR) information within drug monographs in commonly used drug information (DI) mobile device applications.
Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of ADR formatting of twenty commonly prescribed oral medications within seven DI mobile applications was performed. Databases were assessed for ADR information, including presence of placebo comparisons, severity of ADR, onset of ADR, formatting of ADRs in percentile (quantitative) format or qualitative format, whether references were used to cite information, and whether ADRs are grouped by organ system. Data was collected by two study investigators and discrepancies were resolved via consensus.
Results: The seven DI mobile applications varied significantly on every analyzed ADR variable with the exception of ADR onset, which was absent in all databases. Significant differences were found for variables known to impact clinical judgment such as placebo comparisons and qualitative versus quantitative formatting. Placebo comparisons were most common among monographs in Lexicomp (30%) but were absent among monographs within other applications. Quantitative information was commonly used in most databases but was absent in Epocrates. Qualitative formatting was present in all Epocrates and Micromedex applications but absent in the majority of other applications. Substantial variations were also found in severity and grouping information.
Conclusion: Substantial variation in ADR formatting exists among the most common DI mobile applications. These differences may translate into alternative interpretations of medical information and thus impact clinical judgment. Health care librarians and clinicians should consider ADR formatting when choosing between DI applications.
Preliminary comparison of the performance of the National Library of Medicine’s systematic review publication type and the sensitive clinical queries filter for systematic reviews in PubMed
Authors: Navarro-Ruan Tamara , Haynes R. Brian
Published: February 2022

Objective: The National Library of Medicine (NLM) inaugurated a “publication type” concept to facilitate searches for systematic reviews (SRs). On the other hand, clinical queries (CQs) are validated search strategies designed to retrieve scientifically sound, clinically relevant original and review articles from biomedical literature databases. We compared the retrieval performance of the SR publication type (SR[pt]) against the most sensitive CQ for systematic review articles (CQrs) in PubMed.
Methods: We ran date-limited searches of SR[pt] and CQrs to compare the relative yield of articles and SRs, focusing on the differences in retrieval of SRs by SR[pt] but not CQrs (SR[pt] NOT CQrs) and CQrs NOT SR[pt]. Random samples of articles retrieved in each of these comparisons were examined for SRs until a consistent pattern became evident.
Results: For SR[pt] NOT CQrs, the yield was relatively low in quantity but rich in quality, with 79% of the articles being SRs. For CQrs NOT SR[pt], the yield was high in quantity but low in quality, with only 8% being SRs. For CQrs AND SR[pt], the quality was highest, with 92% being SRs.
Conclusions: We found that SR[pt] had high precision and specificity for SRs but low recall (sensitivity), whereas CQrs had much higher recall. SR[pt] OR CQrs added valid SRs to the CQrs yield at low cost (i.e., added few non-SRs). For searches that are intended to be exhaustive for SRs, SR[pt] can be added to existing sensitive search filters.
Personal librarian programs in medical and academic health sciences libraries: a preliminary study
Authors: Williams Natasha Audrey
Published: February 2022

Objective: This preliminary study examined how personal librarian programs are implemented within medical and academic health sciences libraries. Increasing awareness of these programs and how they are implemented could create a larger and more accessible knowledge base for establishing best practices that similar libraries can look to when creating their own programs.
Methods: To characterize existing programs, a twenty-two-item survey was sent to MEDLIB-L, AAHSL-ALL, ARCL-HSIG, and PSS-Lists email listservs in October 2018 to reach a broad audience of medical and academic health sciences librarians. Survey responses were analyzed using Qualtrics and Excel.
Results: Of the 2,882 potential email recipients, 49 survey sessions were recorded, and a total of 38 survey sessions were completed (1.3% response rate). Of the 38 completed responses, representatives of 12 libraries (31.5%) reported that a personal librarian program had been implemented at their institution. For implementation, eight libraries involved 1–5 librarians, and four involved 6–10. Librarians were assigned 50–100 (n=6), 101–150 (n=1), or 151 or more (n=1) students each. The identified programs served medical students (n=11), nursing students (n=7), health professions students (n=7), dental students (n=2), and students in other fields (n=4). Services provided and communication methods were also identified.
Conclusions: The personal librarian programs identified by the survey were uniquely structured to best meet the needs of their users, though similarities in implementation existed across institutions. Medical and academic health sciences libraries can look to these libraries as practical examples when starting their own personal library programs.
The impact of COVID-19 on reference services: a national survey of academic health sciences librarians
Authors: Charbonneau Deborah H. , Vardell Emily
Published: February 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of the scope and adaptive nature of reference services provided by academic health sciences librarians over a one-year period (between March 2020 and March 2021) during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: In March 2021, academic health sciences librarians in the United States were invited to participate in an anonymous online survey about their experiences providing reference services during the COVID-19 pandemic. The online survey was developed, pretested, and distributed to various listservs.
Results: A total of 205 academic health sciences librarians and other information professionals with health sciences liaison responsibilities in the US (N=205) responded to the online survey. The scope of reference services provided during the COVID-19 pandemic included email-based reference services (97%), virtual reference (89%), telephone (80%), text-based (33%), and in-person (31%). The most common types of COVID-related reference questions included COVID-19 treatments (53%), safety precautions (46%), vaccines (41%), and prevalence (38%). Additionally, the identification of challenging reference questions and examples of misinformation were provided by respondents.
Conclusions: The results of the survey characterize the evolving nature and scope of academic health sciences reference work during the COVID-19 pandemic. Librarians reported an increase in reference questions during the pandemic and are answering them in creative ways despite barriers (e.g., limited time and reduction in resources). There is an opportunity for librarians to continue to address COVID-related misinformation. Overall, these findings provide useful insight for library practitioners and administrators planning reference services during public health crises.
Persistent service even in disruptive times: an introduction to resilience engineering
Authors: Capdarest-Arest Nicole , Tompson Sara , Zipperer Lorri
Published: February 2022

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121st Annual Meeting, Medical Library Association, Inc., May 10–27, 2021
Authors: Aaronson Ellen M. , Pionke JJ
Published: February 2022

The Medical Library Association (MLA) held its 121st annual meeting virtually May 10–May 27, 2021, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The meeting was entitled “MLA ‘21 vConference,” and the theme was “Transforming Our Diversifying Communities.”
INFORMAL MICROTOPONYMS AS MARKERS OF WORKERS’ PROFESSIONAL CORPORATE CULTURE
Authors: Bogdanchikova Tatiana Yurievna , Khokhlova Natalia Valentinovna
Published: February 2022

The paper deals with informal microtoponyms which are a part of Severodvinsk defense plants workers’ professional slang and compose it’s specific onomastic layer. The microtoponyms are considered from the perspectives of their semantics and ways of formation. The paper states that a number of the microtoponyms which are the most popular and culturally significant for the citizens are a part of the urban onomasticon in general. The material of the research can be used in creating a dictionary of defense plants workers’ professional corporate culture.
INFLUENCE OF POTASSIUM IODIDE ON GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND MEAT QUALITIES OF DUCKS OF THE CROSS «MEDEO»
Authors: Rustenov Amangeldy , Kozhamuratova Zhanerke , Ueleuqalieva Nurlygul
Published: February 2022

The studies were carried out in Priuraje Farm on ducks of the Medeo cross. The ducklings were kept under brooders for up to 10 days with subsequent transfer to enclosures. The effect of adding potassium iodide to the main diet of ducklings was experimentally studied. It was found that the addition of the drug improves the growth, development and safety of young animals. The live weight in the experimental groups reached 2722-2834 grams by 49 days age, which is for 2-88-10.29% higher than in the control group. The drug improves the safety of young animals up to 94.66%, vs 17.74% in the control one. The best indicators of growth, development and meat qualities were obtained by adding the drug to the main diet in a dose of 0.1 mg/kg. Potassium iodide increases the pre-slaughter weight, in comparison with the control group, for 2.87-7.1% and the meat bones ratio. Also, the drug’s positive effect was established on the development of internal organs of young ducklings.
TAXONOMICAL AND ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF PLANTS IN THE CENTRAL AND WESTERN PART OF THE KALBA RIDGE
Authors: Sabyrgazieva Aruzhan Serikkazykyzy , Khromov Victor Anatolievich , Polevik Vasily Vladimirovich
Published: February 2022

The article presents data on the taxonomic and ecological analysis of the flora of the central and western parts of the Kalba Ridge. The purpose of the study is to study the biodiversity and ecology of the flora of flowering plants in the western and central parts of the Kalba Ridge. The species richness of flowering plants of the Kalba Range was determined, an analysis of the flora and its constituent floristic complexes was carried out, and on this basis its features were identified; the distribution of species in the territory has been clarified, and the locations of rare species have been identified.
DRAWING ATTENTION OF YOUNG PEOPLE TO STUDYING THE HISTORY BY UNTRADITIONAL METHODS FOR SCHOOL EDUCATION
Authors: Svetasheva Victoria Olegovna
Published: February 2022

The article analyzes lack of historical education and old ways of solving this problem. New previously unused ways should motivate young people to be interested in history.
LORENTZ TRANSFORMATION CHANGE
Authors: Salosin Evgeny Georgievich
Published: February 2022

For relativistic velocities, Galileo’s principle of addition of four-dimensional velocities is valid, and not the Lorentz transformation. In this case, it is impossible to write down the law of conservation of energy with Newton’s potential using the Lorentz transformation. And with the proposed transformation it is possible. In addition, the invariance of the wave equation with respect to the Galilean transformation with four-dimensional velocity is obtained. The GR equation is also invariant under the Galileo transformations of the four-vector. This transformation is a more general case of invariance than the Lorentz transformation. Moreover, the Lorentz transformation is contradictory. For a single massive body in general relativity, the Lorentz transformation is not valid, since the metric tensor is not Galilean. Although in the case of SRT such a transformation is possible. Those. the properties of inertial coordinate systems are violated. For a Galilean transformation of a four-vector for a massive body, a Galilean transformation is possible. Moreover, from the Galilean transformations of the four-vector, one can obtain the Lorentz transformation, but with the use of three-dimensional velocity. Three-dimensional speed is limited by the speed of light in real space, where all tricks with its use come from. The 4D speed is unlimited, and there are no coordinate transformation tricks. If you use the transformation between inertial coordinate systems using a limited threedimensional velocity, then tricks arise with the transformation of space and time. If you use unlimited four-dimensional speed, then there are no tricks with a change in space-time. Four-dimensional speed is a more general concept than three-dimensional, and you need to measure the parameters at four-dimensional speed, then there will be no tricks. Thus, measuring time with the help of four-dimensional velocity, we will not get an increase in the muon lifetime.
VIOLATIONS OF THE PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW DURING THE THIRD ARTSAKH WAR
Authors: GRIGORYAN MARIAM
Published: February 2022

On September 27, as a result of the military actions unleashed by Azerbaijan, not only the basic principles of international law (jus cogens) underlying the negotiation process for the peaceful settlement of the Nagorno-Karabakh problem, such as the principle of peaceful settlement of disputes and the principle of respect for the right of nations to self-determination, but also the other fundamental norms and principles of international human rights law and international humanitarian law, were grossly violated.
The purpose of this article is to investigate the violations of the principles of international law and international humanitarian law during the third Artsakh war. For this purpose, relevant international legal acts, theoretical literature, as well as specific cases of violations of international law and principles of international humanitarian law have been studied.
During the research, the author applied both symmetrical (analysis, historical principle) and special (comparative-legal) principles.
As a result of the research, we came to the conclusion that in the third Artsakh war, gross violations of international law and the principles of international humanitarian law took place.
DEFICIENCIES AND OMISSIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA'S FOREIGN POLICY AND THE 44-DAY ARTSAKH WAR
Authors: BALASANYAN GRIGOR
Published: February 2022

After the revolution in 2018, the new Armenian authorities began to implement a foreign policy, which raised many questions, both inside and outside the scientific community. Surprisingly, there seemed to be an invisible hand cause to worsen especially the relationships with the allied and friendly states of the Republic of Armenia, which were actively represented in the region and actually had a rather pro-Armenian position on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. Especially the change in policy towards the Russian Federation, China and Iran led to the fact that these countries were mainly a neutral position during the 44-day war.
The Armenian expert field also regularly expressed opinions on the handling the implementation of the RA foreign policy, making it clear, carrying out proper works with strategic allies and partners, but unfortunately, it was all for nothing. No work was taken to accept the Armenian Foreign Policy Concept. It is obvious that Armenia lost on the foreign policy front not after September 27, but since 2018 as in some cases, due to short-sighted foreign policy, the country has stood on the verge of war.
ARTSAKH IN THE GEOPOLITICAL AGENDA OF THE SOUTH CAUCASUS: BUILDING A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
Authors: ELAMIRYAN RUBEN
Published: February 2022

The Third Artsakh war demonstrated the transformation of the geopolitical environment in the South Caucasus. In this context, the article aims to identify the main potential scenarios of the geopolitical future of Artsakh.
To achieve this goal, the following tasks are being solved: to reveal the main actors of these transformations and to analyze their interests in the region. In particular, such actors as Russia, USA, EU and China are considered. Along with this, the factor of Turkey is discussed in the context of the concept of the growth of "middle powers" in modern international relations.
The work is based on the method of analyzing actors and interests, as well as constructing potential scenarios. Taking into account the transforming strategic environment in the South Caucasus, the author offers four scenarios for the geopolitical future of Artsakh: 1). maintaining the status quo, 2). the entry of Artsakh into Azerbaijan, 3). the exchange of territories between Armenia and Azerbaijan, and 4). strengthening Artsakh, restoring its territorial integrity and further integration with the Republic of Armenia into a single Armenia.
Based on the above, the author comes to the conclusion that the most optimal scenario not only for Armenia and Artsakh, but also for regional stability and security in the South Caucasus and beyond is the strengthening of Artsakh, restoration of its territorial integrity and further integration with the Republic of Armenia into a single Armenia.
THESES OF AZERBAIJANI PROPAGANDA DURING THE 44-DAY WAR
Authors: ELIBEGOVA ANZHELA
Published: February 2022

This article is aimed to figure out and analyze the main theses of Azerbaijani propaganda, developed and used during the 44-day war in the fall of 2020. The author's task is to identify new theses that will further determine the main trends in the information war against Armenia and the NKR.
In this work, the author firstly uses the monitoring of Azerbaijani media, speeches of officials, press releases and statements of government agencies, opinions of experts and lobbyists as a tool for collecting data. At further stages, the method of structural and content analysis of texts is used.
As a result, the author outlined and structured the main mega-theses, theses and micro-theses of Azerbaijani propaganda, analyzed the key areas of work in the future, and worked out recommendations for the Armenian side.
In particular, Azerbaijan intends to intensify the presentation of the potential and opportunities in the occupied territories, direct efforts to raise the patriotic spirit among the Azerbaijani citizens, as well as keep demonstrating the politico-military and economic superiority over Armenia and NKR in the future.
Proceeding from this, in order to counteract the work of Azerbaijani propaganda, the Armenian side needs to develop and set out a clear official position on key issues of the Karabakh conflict settlement in accordance with the post-war realities, to consistently promote its position, antitheses, as well as present evidence of Azerbaijan's war crimes in international structures, foreign media and on international platforms.
THE INFLUENCE OF DOMESTIC FACTORS ON MILITARY-POLITICAL BEHAVIOR OF TURKEY IN THE FIRST AND 44-DAY ARTSAKH WARS: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: HOVSEPYAN LEVON
Published: February 2022

Through a comparative analysis of the first Karabakh war, the article aims at revealing the influence of the Turkish domestic factors and their transformations on the immediate and apparent involvement of Turkey in the 44-day Karabakh war. Though Turkey’s foreign policy in general and its involvement in the war in question is often accounted for basically taking into account the international system and geopolitical processes, the influence and significance of the domestic, unit-level factors is of no less importance, because the foreign and security policy of a state depends on the unit-level variables.
Therefore, as a research problem, the domestic catalysts of Turkey’s apparent military involvement are viewed in the context of the neutralization of the state mechanisms of checks and balances, monopolization of decision-making, military might and experience through a comparative analysis method.
The article argues that the transformation of the stated domestic factors had a vital importance in Turkey’s immediate involvement in the last Karabakh war and in adopting a line of an aggressive foreign and regional security policy in general.
ARTSAKH (KARABAKH) ISSUE IN CHINA'S FOREIGN POLICY
Authors: HOVHANNISYAN ANDRANIK
Published: February 2022

At the end of the 20th century in Artsakh (Karabakh), the local indigenous Armenian population began to fight for independence and against Azerbaijani aggression. The purpose of this article is to study and analyze China's position on the Artsakh issue at various International platforms from 1991 to 2021.
The main task of the work is to present to the scientific and general public the position of the PRC on the Artsakh issue.
The article is based on a combined study of legal facts and the application of the principles of historical analysis.
As a result of the research, it can be argued that China's position on the Artsakh issue is neutral. Moreover, since 1991, China has adhered to the concept that the Artsakh issue should be settled exclusively by peaceful means within the framework of International law.
SOME REMARKS ON THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF FALSIFICATIONS OF THE HISTORY IN POST-SOVIET AZERBAIJAN: THE ROLE OF THE STATE AND NEW TENDENCIES
Authors: TONOYAN ARTYOM
Published: February 2022

The objective of the present article is to investigate the main fields of falsifications of the history in post-Soviet Azerbaijan, as well as the aims of spreading historical falsifications.
The key issue is the preliminary description and interpretation of the state's involvement in various aspects of mentioned falsifications.
The article on the basis of a descriptive-analytical approach examines the new tendencies observed in the historical falsifications in Azerbaijan and shows their prime targets, as well as the use of pseudo-scientific researches in the anti-Armenian policy of that state.
On the basis of the descriptive-analytical method, the article examines new tendencies observed in falsifications of history by Azerbaijani scholars and identifies their prime targets, as well as the use of pseudo-scientific researches in the anti-Armenian policy of that state.
Although historical falsifications in Azerbaijan target all the neighbors of that country, including Georgia and the Russian Federation, the article emphasizes the presentation and partial examination of the falsifications concerning Armenia and Iran.
The article also presents the “scientific” centers dealing with historical falsifications in Azerbaijan, and the “studies” published by them, in which the aim of falsifications addressed to the Armenian people is only the demonisation of Armenians and to deepen the anti-Armenian propaganda in the Azerbaijani society.
The article's main conclusion is that falsifications in historiographical research in post-Soviet Azerbaijan are the consequence of state orders, the number of which has increased significantly since Ilham Aliyev's second term of rule.
INTERNATIONAL PROSECUTION OF MACRO-CRIMES COMMITTED DURING THE THIRD ARTSAKH WAR
Authors: PETROSSIAN GURGEN
Published: February 2022

This article articulates the possible legal paths open to international criminal law in order to activate the prosecution of macro-crimes committed during the Third Artsakh War. Neither the Republic of Armenia nor Republic of Azerbaijan nor the Republic of Artsakh is not a member of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). This makes it difficult to initiate the prosecution of war crimes on an international level. The following article highlights the difficulties and alternatives in overcoming the legal obstacles for activating international criminal prosecution, by waging and comparing the possible instruments. The legal comparison and the historical overview allow considering three different levels for the prosecution of international crimes committed during the Third Artsakh War, where national prosecution based on universal jurisdiction seems to be the most efficient tool.
THE PROBLEM OF RETURN OF REFUGEES AND INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS IN THE EVOLUTION OF INTERNATIONAL LAW WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE KARABAKH CONFLICT
Authors: MKHITARYAN ELINA
Published: February 2022

The prupose of the article is to discuss the issue of the return of forced displaced persons, including refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs), in the context of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, combining with the principles of international law.
In the negotiation process on Nagorno-Karabakh, the provisions on the “return of refugees”, despite interesting metamorphoses, “bypassed” more than 800,000 Armenian refugees and internally displaced persons of 1988-94, “serving” only the Azerbaijani policy of artificially inflating the number of IDPs.
In the course of study of the issues posed within the article, individual (personal) or special methods - legal-comparative, analytical, statistical, systemic, as well as general scientific, such as dialectical, logical, historical methods were used.
The result of the research is the conclusion that it is necessary to learn lessons from the “Azerbaijani experience” of the refugee return policy in order to solve the problem of the return of more than 25% of the Artsakh population, who have the IDP status due to the aggression of Azerbaijan in 2020.
INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL CONDITIONS FOR THE TRANSFORMATION OF THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE ARMENIAN STATEHOOD AT THE PRESENT STAGE
Authors: VASKOV MAKSIM
Published: February 2022

The aim of the article is to systematically consider the current international political conditions, in which the transformation of threats and opportunities for the Armenian statehood is analyzed. The existing instability in geopolitical processes in general and first of all the aggressive actions of Azerbaijan and the strengthening of Turkish influence in the region create a new contour of instability and threats to the Armenian statehood. However, the flipside of these processes can lead to the activation of political forces which are not interested in strengthening the Turkish-Azerbaijani bloc, therefore, the main attention is paid to assessing the changes in the political positions of the leading powers as a consequence of the recent military activities. In particular, the emergence of a new context for the relationship of the Armenian side with the Azerbaijani-Turkish bloc, Georgia, Iran, the transformation of the political positions of Russia and its new role in the region, the change in the political role of the United States and the countries of the European Union. It is concluded that in order to counter the emerging threats and more successfully use the available opportunities to overcome the consequences of the military conflict and strengthen the Armenian statehood, it is necessary to work on the real strengthening of political relations with Russia, but at the same time pay attention to the possible role of Armenia in strengthening and deepening the cooperation between Russia and Iran. Since these states, with all the complexity of political processes, are not interested in the formation of the Turanian tandem of Azerbaijan and Turkey as the leading geopolitical force in the region.
ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF WAR AND CONTENT OF THE MAIN MEASURES FOR THEIR NEUTRALIZATION
Authors: MARKOSYAN ASHOT , MATEVOSYAN ELYANORA
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the article is to identify the economic damage caused by the 44-day Armenian-Azerbaijani war (from September 27 to November 9, 2020), as well as to outline the priority measures aimed to stabilize the socio-economic situation in the Republic of Artsakh.
The authors present the content of the main measures to recover the economy of the Republic of Artsakh, which are being carried out at this point in time and aimed at ensuring normal life. They also summarize the efforts made by the governments of the Republic of Artsakh and the Republic of Armenia in this direction.
As a result of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that the priority tasks for improving the socio-economic situation in Artsakh are ensuring the safety of the population, resolving the issue of the status of the Republic of Artsakh, improving the moral and psychological atmosphere in the republic, as well as deepening and developing economic relations between the Republic of Artsakh and Republic of Armenia through the transition from programs of support and assistance to individuals and organizations to long-term programs for the development of the country.
THE STAGES OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE POLICY OF ETHNIC CLEANSING AND GENOCIDE OF ARMENIANS IN THE EASTERN CIS-CAUCASUS (11TH-20TH CC.) (CONTINUATION OF THE SECOND PART)
Authors: STEPANYAN GEVORG
Published: February 2022

The aim of the article is to present the motives and implementation stages of ethnic cleansing and genocidal policy perpetrated towards the indigenous Armenian population during the 11th-20th centuries in the Eastern Cis-Caucasus – in the territory stretching from the Kur Valley to the Apsheron Peninsula, on the basis of various primary sources (archival documents, statistical materials, periodical press, theme related literature).
The work is written by a combined examination of facts, applying the principles of historical investigation and historical-comparative analysis. The level of reliability and validity of the sources through their comprehensive study has been verified.
Through the combination of facts the following phases of the history of the main issue are presented: the policy of ethnic cleansing and genocide of Armenians in the Eastern Cis-Caucasus were still implemented in the 11th-18th centuries when the region regularly appeared under the invasions and dominion of various conquering nomadic tribes (Turk-Seljuks, Mongol-Tatars, Tamerlane, nomadic Turkmen tribes of Kara-Koyunlu and Ak-Koyunlu, Kizilbash invasions followed by the Turkish-Persian wars, Sunni Lezgins, invasions of Nader Shah and Agha Mohammad Khan). As a result, some part of the Armenian population was deported and left native lands or forcedly accepted the Muslim religion of the conquerers. The next phase of ethnic cleansing and atrocities was the period of the Armenian-Tatar clashes (1905-1906). Later, the policy of ethnic cleansing and genocide was implemented at state level already during the Musavat regime of the artificial “Azerbaijan” formation (1918-1920), and finally during the Soviet regime (1920-1990).
The article substantiates the fact that the indigenous Armenian population of the region was subjected to ethnic cleansing and genocide in its cradle, just as the Young Turks carried out the extermination of the Western Armenians in 1915-1916 in Western Armenia. Therefore, this policy should be described as a continuation and an integral part of the Genocide of Armenians, as the Armenian Genocide with its geographical coverage (from Cilicia to Baku), was a consequence of the implementation of a comprehensive pan-Turkic program.
There are numerous references to the issue in the historical literature, though the comprehensive study of ethnic cleansing and genocidal policies of Armenians in the Eastern Cis-Caucasus – in the territory stretching from the Kur Valley to the Apsheron Peninsula, has not been the subject of a separate study.
THE ROLE OF ARMENIAN CHARITIES AND COLLEGES IN THE PROCESS OF WOMEN'S EMANCIPATION IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY IN CONSTANTINOPLE
Authors: HAMBARDZUMYAN NAIRA
Published: February 2022

The aim of the study is to examine the role of Armenian national, guardianship, and humanitarian societies and colleges established in Constantinople in the process of women's emancipation in the second half of the 19th century.
In this study societies were viewed according to the nature of their activities (solving guardianship and charitable problems, orphanage and poverty care, helping the orphans and widows with work, providing food and clothing to the poor and helping them, providing medicine and medical assistance to soldiers wounded in war).
In this study phenomenology (semantic and typological procedure, peculiarities, role, significance and spheres of influence in socio-political life, methodology of understanding), and historical-comparative (traditional revision of values and orientations, trajectory of literary developments) methods were used.
Conclusions: Judgments about the social role of women are understandable, especially in the context of monitoring of charitable work, educational and upbringing activities carried out by women-based national-charitable associations and companies. A comprehensive study confirms the thesis that the main goal of the above companies was to reform society. The study is important and relevant not only in terms of systematizing charities and colleges, but also in terms of examining women's issues in Armenology.
YOUNG TURKS' ONGOING POLICY OF «CULTURAL GENOCIDE» AGAINST ARMENIAN CULTURAL HERITAGE BY THE KEMALISTS IN 1920S
Authors: KONINYAN MANE
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this article is to substantiate the fact that not only the Armenian people, but also their spiritual and cultural heritage fell victim to the policy of genocide perpetrated by the Young Turks and Kemalist regimes in Western Armenia and in the Armenian-populated regions of the Ottoman Empire.
The main goal of the article is to present and analyze the stages and outcomes of the policy of cultural genocide perpetrated by the Young Turks in Western Armenia and other Armenian-populated areas of the Ottoman Empire, and then by the Kemalists in the Republic of Turkey.
The research used historical-comparative and historical-analytical methods. In the course of the study, we concluded that the policy of destruction of the nation and culture is a red thread throughout the history of Turkey's official policy. And now, pursuing an open policy of denying its historical past, it, whenever opportunity is present, destroys the cultural heritage of the Armenians. Inspired by the example of Turkey's impunity, the same policy of "cultural genocide" is being pursued by the latter's younger brother, the Republic of Azerbaijan. One of the most striking manifestations of this policy was the destruction of Armenian khachkars in the Nakhichevan Jugha.
WAR AND CAPTIVITY THEMES IN THE «LAWCODE» BY MKHITAR GOSH
Authors: MIRZOYAN NARINE
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study is to present the laws about war and captivity in the "Lawcode" by Mkhitar Gosh.
The task of the work is to present the original texts of the subject in three editions by comparing them and then to analyze their meanings.
The importance and relevance of the study are the characteristics of the church-historical realities, and the development of the state-juridical structure. The author's views on nation consciousness and protection, in order to rebuild the statehood by the way of public unity and law codes, are important and actual.
The article is written based on historical-research analysis of the sources and studies.
The conclusion of the article is that Mkhitar Gosh emphasized war and captivity themes and wrote the laws for topic issues. He told about the war and it’s results and wanted people to prevent their nation values in public life.
The study includes all the original texts of the themes.
Engineering a Venture Capital Market: Lessons from China
Authors: Lin Lin
Published: February 2022

This is the first article that analyzes Professor Ronald Gilson’s theory of “simultaneity” in engineering a venture capital market in the context of China. Based on both quantitative and qualitative data collected by the author, this article analyzes how China has created the fastest developing and the largest engineered venture capital market in the world within three decades. It concludes that the rise of venture capital in China is attributable to (1) increasing capital supply through various governmental programs, easing regulatory barriers towards institutional and foreign investors, providing tax incentives and improving exit environment; (2) enhancing the availability of financial intermediaries by introducing the limited partnership that creates an efficient relationship between venture capitalists and investors; and (3) encouraging entrepreneurship by improving the regulatory environment for small businesses. Through these measures, China has facilitated the simultaneous availability of capital with the appetite for high-risk, long-term investments and the emergence of a class of entrepreneurs with the skills and incentives to put that capital to work. One key factor to the rapid development of the Chinese market has been its increased reliance on market forces in allocating capital. On the other hand, a residual degree of bureaucratic allocation prevents the Chinese regime from being fully efficient. China serves as an (imperfect) model for other governments seeking to engineer a venture capital market where enfettered market forces have failed to do so.
Rocking the Boat: The Paracels, the Spratlys, and the South China Sea Arbitration
Authors: Sellars Kirsten
Published: February 2022

On July 12, 2016, an Arbitral Tribunal constituted under Annex VII to the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea found overwhelmingly in favor of the Philippines in its dispute with the People's Republic of China over maritime claims and other issues in the South China Sea. This piece appraises the decision in light of the events leading up to the current controversy.

To investigate the source of the conflict, one does not have to go back very far. In 1974, during the final stages of the Vietnam War, China ejected South Vietnam from the Paracel Islands-a group of tiny maritime features in the South China Sea claimed by both nations. After a classic "weekend war, "China tried to dampen down the affair by swiftly releasing the prisoners and refusing to be drawn into an international debate.

Within days, though, there was more activity, when South Vietnam dispatched forces to occupy five features in the Spratly Islands, a larger group further to the south of the South China Sea. During this period, South Vietnam, the Philippines, and Taiwan all engaged in the fortification of their respective features reinforcing garrisons, installing military hardware, building runways, and shooting at interlopers. The militarization of the Spratlys had begun, and well before China, the focus of the current arbitration, established a physical presence on the reefs in the vicinity.

By drawing on these earlier events, examined through the lens of United States'diplomatic correspondence of the time, it is possible to both construct a legal path to the arbitration based on the parties' claims to the Spratlys, and critically appraise the Tribunal's reasoning on its jurisdiction over the Philippines' claims against China.
Analisis Flavonoid Total Ekstrak Buah Parijoto (Medinilla speciosa) Asal Bandungan dan Formulasinya dalam Sedian Gel
Authors: Vifta Rissa Laila , Saputra Yoga , Hakim Abdillah Lukman
Published: February 2022

Salah satu jenis tumbuhan Indonesia yang belum diteliti pemanfaatannya secara penuh dalam kaitannya dengan pengobatan adalah tumbuhan Parijoto (Medinilla speciosa). Buah Parijoto mengandung senyawa flavonoid yang memiliki efek farmakologis sebagai antioksidan. Formulasi sediaan gel dapat memfasilitasi aplikasi topikalnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kandungan flavonoid total dalam ekstrak buah Parijoto dan mengevaluasi sifat fisik formulasi gel ekstrak buah Parijoto. Ekstraksi fisik meliputi ekstraksi buah Parijoto dengan perendaman pelarut etanol 96%, analisis flavonoid secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif, dan uji adhesi dengan homogenitas, sensorik, uji pH, uji dispersibilitas, viskositas dan penyimpanan pada suhu (100C) dan (400C). Hasil penelitian diperoleh rendemen ekstrak buah parijoto sebesar 11,56% b/b. Identifikasi kualitatif menunjukkan adanya senyawa flavonoid pada ekstrak buah parijoto. Flavonoid total dengan pembanding kuersetin dan rutin masing-masing sebesar 310,03 mgQE/g dan 73,29 mgRE/g. Hasil uji sifat fisik gel memenuhi syarat standar pengujian sifat fisik selama penyimpanan selama 5 siklus dan 10 hari untuk parameter uji homogenitas, uji pH, uji dispersi, uji viskositas dan daya lekat, tetapi tidak memenuhi, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa sediaan gel ekstrak buah  tidak stabil
Analisis Pengelolaan Obat di Instalasi Farmasi Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten/Kota Se-Provinsi Gorontalo Periode Tahun 2018 dan 2019
Authors: Husain Fadli , Kamba Vyani , Zulfiayu Zulfiayu , Imran Arlan K
Published: February 2022

Instalasi farmasi sering menghadapi permasalahan pada tahap seleksi, perencanaan dan pengadaan. Pengelolaan obat yang buruk menyebabkan tingkat ketersediaan obat menjadi berkurang, terjadi kekosongan obat, banyaknya obat yang menumpuk karena tidak sesuainya perencanaan obat, serta banyaknya obat yang kadaluwarsa/rusak akibat sistem distribusi yang kurang baik sehingga dapat berdampak kepada inefisiensi penggunaan anggaran/biaya obat di tingkat Kabupaten/Kota. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan deskriptif dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif dan concurent. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Instalasi Farmasi Kab. Kota se-Provinsi Gorontalo. Alat ukur penelitian ini adalah daftar pertanyaan berdasarkan indikator standar yang telah ditetapkan sesuai pedoman yang digunakan untuk monitoring dan evaluasi pengelolaan obat kabupaten/kota, serta melakukan wawancara langsung kepada penanggung jawab Instalasi Farmasi setempat. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa; alokasi dana pengadaan obat tahun 2018 > 2 Miliar rupiah dan tahun 2019 1,7 Miliar - 4,3 Miliar rupiah. Terdapat 50% Kabupaten/kota yang sudah memiliki Tim Perencanaan Obat Terpadu (TPOT) di lingkungan Dinas Kesehatan. Biaya obat perkapita bila menggunakan standar WHO 1 US$ perkapita maka 80% Kabupaten/Kota sudah sesuai bahkan melampaui, hanya 1 kabupaten yang dibawah standar WHO. Terdapat 83% Kabupaten/kota yang kesesuaian item obat dengan DOEN diatas 80% dan seluruh  Kabupaten Kota mempunyai kesesuaian FORNAS lebih dari 80%.
Perilaku Swamedikasi pada Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Dwi Nur Yadika Adilla
Published: February 2022

Penggunaan obat-obatan tanpa konsultasi profesional medis dan membeli obat bebas adalah salah satu masalah penting yang mengarah pada penggunaan obat yang tidak tepat. Swamedikasi menjadi ancaman dan perhatian serius di karena kasusnya terus meningkat. Walaupun dibeberapa tempat di dunia swamedikasi masih dilakukan dalam batas wajar namun timbul kekhawatiran karena kurangnya literasi kesehatan, program pendidikan dan pelatihan tentang swamedikasi dan juga kebijakan yang belum kuat tentang pelarangan obat-obatan tanpa resep dokter. Tinjauan pustaka ini bertujuan untuk menilai perilaku swamedikasi pada pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini merupakan studi literature review, Sumber ilmiah didapatkan dari google scholar dan Pubmed berupa textbook dan jurnal ilmiah yang berjumlah 26 buah. Tingginya aktivitas swamedikasi yang belum tepat dan  tanpa konsultasi profesional medis dan membeli obat bebas adalah salah satu masalah penting yang mengarah pada penggunaan obat yang tidak tepat. Swamedikasi menjadi ancaman dan perhatian serius di karena kasusnya terus meningkat dan membawa dampak merugikan seperti resistensi antibiotik dan reaksi obat yang merugikan.
Особенности выражения метатекста в лирике Б.Л. Пастернака: аспект номинационно-синтаксического семиозиса
Authors: Царева Нина Александровна
Published: February 2022

Несмотря на многочисленные и разносторонние исследования в области русской поэтической картины мира, в филологии все еще отсутствует характеристика метатекстового ракурса осмысления роли автора как языковой личности, организующей пространство поэтического текста. В связи с этим в статье поставлена цель – на материале лирики Б.Л. Пастернака выявить характер авторского метатекстового присутствия, определяющегося антропогенным подходом к поэтическому тексту как производному творческой синергии поэта и окружающего его мира, и задействованием при этом ресурсов синтаксической номинации. В результате анализа употребления синтаксических наименований в пастернаковском тексте доказано, что условия для формирования номинационно-синтаксических единиц возникают благодаря тесноте, сжатию и сукцессивности стихового ряда. Сделан вывод о том, что по мере созревания лирического героя Пастернака наблюдается трансформация соотношения текста и метатекста, вызванная изменениями в проявлении индивидуального мировосприятия. Автором статьи впервые рассмотрен метатекстовый ресурс синтаксической номинации в поэтическом тексте, что вносит вклад в современную лингвистику художественного текста.
Investigation of the effect of brexpiprazole on acute or relapse schizophrenia using the positive and negative syndrome scale: an experimental report
Authors: Ishida Tetsuro , Murayama Tomonori
Published: February 2022

Brexpiprazole (BPZ) is a novel antipsychotic drug in the category of serotonin-dopamine activity modulators (SDAMs). It is expected to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia because of its low side effects and its ability to reduce psychosis. However, clinical data in Japan are still insufficient. We prescribed BPZ to 41 schizophrenic patients; 9 of the 41 dropped out and 32 were retrospectively reviewed for psychiatric symptoms using the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS). The results showed that there was significant improvement in the total score, the positive scale, the negative scale and the general psychopathology scale, all after 4 weeks. The improvement started after 1 week for the total score, the positive scale and the general psychopathology scale, and after 2 weeks for the negative scale. The results suggest that BPZ is effective not only for positive symptoms in the acute phase, but also for negative symptoms after the subacute phase. Further studies are needed to investigate the efficacy of BPZ by patient's characteristics as well as by sub-items of the PANSS.
Out of Sight, Out of Mind: An Analysis of Family Mass Murder Offenders in the US, 2006-2017
Authors: Diaz Madelyn , Toohy Kayla , Fernandez Ketty , Huff-Corzine Lin , Reckdenwald Amy
Published: February 2022

In recent years, media attention has increasingly focused on sensationalized forms of mass murder across the United States, thereby diverting attention on the most frequent typology of mass murder events: family mass murders. The current study addresses limitations within this body of work and provides an analysis of demographic and case characteristics associated with distinct family mass murder offender types. The current study utilizes the USA Today database, Behind the Bloodshed, and public news articles to assess 163 family mass murder incidents that occurred from 2006 to 2017. Using this database, which defines mass murder as the killing of four or more victims excluding the offender, there were an average of 14 family mass murders annually, most often committed by a current or former intimate male partner using a firearm as the weapon of choice. Additional case characteristics were examined and revealed significant differences based on the gender of the offender as well as by victim-offender relationship type. Recommendations for future research include examining the impact of gun violence prevention responses in domestic violence cases and providing a comparative study of two and three victim counts to better inform law, policy, and the public about what is often hidden away as a private family matter.