bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal survey of enamel defects in a cohort of New Zealand children
Authors: de Lietde Betty
Published: May 2006

Abstract Enamel defects are being used increasingly to monitor fluoride use. In New Zealand in 1982 a survey of the prevalence of enamel defects in 9‐yr‐old children was carried out. Children who had enamel defects on the labial surfaces of their maxillary incisors were re‐examined after 3 yr together with an equal number of children without defects. The same examiner using the same examination methods and the DDE index carried out both examinations but at the second examination was unaware of the results for individual children at the first examination. There was little difference in the group prevalence of the main defect categories except for the tooth prevalence of hypoplasia. There was an increase in discolouration and hypoplasia occurring in combination with diffuse fluoride‐related opacities. There was no evidence that defects had faded with time. This longitudinal survey showed that some increase in defect severity occurred over a relatively short time span in initially mild defects. In some children these changes were sufficient to cause a deterioration in tooth appearance. Age and tooth specific enamel defect data are necessary in surveys monitoring the public health use of fluoride since posteruptive changes can affect prevalence and severity.
Prevalence and location of enamel opacities in children after anti‐neoplastic therapy
Authors: Pajari Ulla , Lanning Marjatta , Larmas Markku
Published: May 2006

Abstract The prevalence and location of enamel opacities was recorded in 37 subjects from low‐fluoride areas who had received anti‐neoplastic therapy and was compared with an equal number of healthy controls. All the patients had received combination chemotherapy for a malignant disease for at least 2 yr early on in their lives. These cases, and especially those with leukemia, had more opacities than the controls, although these opacities were mild in form. The results show that childhood cancer and/or the therapy provided for this can affect the developing dentition, involving all teeth in leukemia cases and the permanent teeth of the mixed dentition period in other cancer diseases.
Number of amalgam tooth fillings in relation to subjectively experienced symptoms in a study of Swedish women
Authors: Ahlqwist Margareta , Bengtsson Calle , Furunes Bente , Hollender Lars , Lapidus Leif
Published: May 2006

Abstract There has been a lot of discussion concerning the possible influence of amalgam tooth fillings on different symptoms and complaints. Information on this topic could be obtained from 1024 dentulous women aged 38–72, participants in a population study of women in Gothenburg. Sweden, who answered a questionnaire with 30 specific questions concerning different symptoms and complaints. The answers were related to number of tooth surfaces restored with amalgam. Due to the sampling method and the high participation rate, the participants were representative of dentulous women of the same age in the general population. No positive correlations were found between number of amalgam fillings and number of symptoms, nor between number of amalgam fillings and prevalence of specified single symptoms or complaints. On the contrary there were a number of age‐matched significant correlations in the opposite direction, which means that women with a high number of amalgam fillings reported a lower number of symptoms and complaints than women with a low number of amalgam fillings. These inverse relationships between number of amalgam fillings and different symptoms and complaints usually disappeared, when number of teeth was taken into consideration as a background variable. The inverse relationships with abdominal pain and poor appetite were, however, independent of both number of teeth and socioeconomic status as based on multivariate analysis. This study does not support the view of a correlation between amalgam fillings and symptoms and complaints, at least not on a population level.
Relative importance of eight oral conditions for a fit dentition according to Dutch general practitioners
Authors: van Amerongen Barbara M. , Verhey J. G. C.
Published: May 2006

Abstract Almost 5 million Dutch National Health Service members visit the dentist half‐yearly in order to keep their so‐called “dental fitness certificate” valid. The methods of paired comparisons and direct ranking were used to study the relative importance of eight oral conditions for a fit dentition: plaque, calculus, gingivitis, a pocket, a cavity, a root/radicle, a fistula and an extraction diastema. The assessments were made by a sample of Dutch general practitioners under contract to the National Health Service (n= 49). Each dentist was consistent in his comparative pairwise choices. Although agreement between the dentists was statistically significant, the low coefficient indicated individual differences between the dentists. The average rank orders of the eight oral conditions obtained from the dentists as a group by means of the two methods were highly comparable. To obtain dental fitness the dentists judged the treatment of a fistula and gingivitis more important than the treatment of plaque, calculus and cavities, and least important, the three conditions: root/radicles, pockets and extraction diastema. This average rank order indicates a shift in the concept of “dentally fit” as stated in the requirements, dating back to 1960, for granting a dental fitness certificate.
Dental restoration longevity: survival functions and statistical indices in low and high failure rate groups
Authors: Drake Claude W.
Published: May 2006

Abstract A group of 71 patients was examined to determine the longevity of restorations placed at the University of North Carolina School of Dentistry. Patients with an overall restorations failure rate of equal to or greater than 40 per 1000 restoration‐yr were categorized as having a “high failure rate” and those below that were considered “low failure rate”. An investigation was made to determine statistical differences between these two groups of patients using survival analysis and various statistical indices. Time of exposure and age of patients for both groups were similar. High rate patients had a greater number of anterior restorations and anterior teeth restored. In addition, the number of restorations per tooth was significantly greater in anterior and posterior teeth of the high failure rate group. No single variable was found to account for the differences in the failure rates in the two groups of patients. A prospective study is needed in order to examine possible causes for restoration failures.
Replacement of amalgams with crowns: a cost‐effectiveness analysis
Authors: Maryniuk G. A. , Schweitzer S. O. , Braun R. J.
Published: May 2006

Abstract No formal analyses comparing the treatment alternatives of replacing a failed amalgam with either another amalgam or crown have been done to determine the optimum treatment strategy based on lifetime costs to the patient. Using decision analysis, a computer model was developed of the lifetime restorative needs of an adult's posterior tooth. A cost‐effectiveness analysis of large amalgams vs crowns was then done to determine the optimum strategy. According to the analyses, the optimum treatment decision is to attempt to replace the failed first amalgam with another amalgam, instead of with a crown. When this amalgam restoration fails, then the subsequent replacement may be with a crown. Potential lifetime cost savings were between 11% and 24% if the first replacement was an amalgam. This study concludes that the technique of decision analysis provides the dental community with an effective evaluation tool for the study of clinical decision‐making, taking into account all levels of clinical uncertainty.
Oral disorders and treatment implications in people over 75 years
Authors: MacEntee Michael I. , Scully Crispian
Published: May 2006

Abstract The oral health of subjects over 75 yr and living independently in the southwest of Britain was assessed. The majority (80%) of the sample were edentulous, and a large proportion of both edentate and dentate subjects were using dentures. More than half of the denture wearers were using loose, very unhygienic, or structurally defective dentures. Mucosal pathoses were quite common, although most of the lesions were denture‐induced stomatitis found in association with unhygienic dentures. The dentate subjects had, on average, 11 natural teeth, frequently with evidence of root caries and deep periodontal pockets or extreme bone loss. The oral health problems suggest that there is a significant need to develop effective methods of improving oral hygiene in this age group. The prosthetic treatment is related principally to denture repairs while there is a need to control root caries among the growing population of elderly dentate people.
Role of psychologic and social variables in TMJ Pain Dysfunction Syndrome (PDS) symptoms
Authors: van der Laan Geert J. , Duinkerke Adrian SH , Luteijn Frans , van de Poel Alphons CM
Published: May 2006

Abstract The aim of this study was to measure the relative importance of a number of psychologic and social variables in explaining the severity of symptoms of functional disturbances of the stomatognathic system. 261 non‐care seeking patients with respect to pain and dysfunction of the stomatognathic system were examined. The total sample consisted of two subgroups: Group 1 (n= 130) with a complete natural dentition and Group 2 (n= 131) wearing complete maxillary and mandibular dentures. Symptoms of functional disturbances of the stomatognathic system were assessed using two questionnaires. One was derived from the Anamnestic Dysfunction Index and the other was an extended questionnaire which included accessory symptoms frequently mentioned in the literature. The patients also completed the Hopkins Symptom Checklist, the Dutch Personality Inventory, and a Dutch form of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. In both patient subgroups symptoms of functional disturbances of the stomatognathic system were significantly correlated with patient's sex and a complex of highly intercorrelated psychologic variables: psychoneurotic‐ and somatic symptoms, neuroticism, negativism, and somatization.
Dimensions of dietary and other health‐related behaviors in a group of Danish adolescents
Authors: Hölund Ulla , Rise Jostein
Published: May 2006

Abstract The relationship between dietary, dental health behaviors, and other health‐related behaviors was studied using factor analysis. The study group comprised 234 8th graders from 11 schools in the municipality of Aarhus. A semi‐structured interview included 12 items of health behavior (e.g. sugar intake, meal pattern, sports activities, sleeping habits, and consumption of alcohol, cigarettes, vitamin pills, candy, and milk). The analysis is based on the assumption that the 12 observed variables are determined by a reduced number of underlying but unobservable factors. Four dimensions of health behavior which explained 38.6% of the variance between the variables were produced. The four unrotated factors accounted for a varying proportion of the total variance (17.6%, 11.8%, 4.4% and 4.3%, respectively). Factor 1 was denoted “Sugar behavior”, factor 2: “Regularity of dietary‐behavior”, factor 3: “Problem behavior” and factor 4: “Spare‐time activity”. This could imply that the motives underlying sugar consumption are different from those of other health‐related behaviors. The present behavioral pattern is consistent with that of other studies in which health behavior has been shown to be multidimensional.
Dental health in 16–year‐old Swedish high school students in 1979 and 1984
Authors: Hailing Arne , Birkhed Dowen
Published: May 2006

Abstract The aim of this investigation was to compare dietary habits, plaque and gingival scores, and the dental caries prevalence of 16–yr‐olds in 1979 with those of individuals of the same age 5 yr later, i.e. in 1984. Students from two high schools in Kristianstad, Sweden, participated, 273 in 1979 and 228 in 1984. The same two dentists treated the children in 1979 and 1984. The students were asked to fill in a questionnaire concerning breakfast, school‐lunch and between‐meal habits. Information about the number of decayed (D) and filled (F) approximal tooth surfaces (Sa), DFSa, dental plaque and gingival bleeding scores was obtained from records at the Public Dental Clinics. The prevalence of caries lesions was also determined on 116 and 110 randomly selected pairs of bitewing radiographs from the participants in 1979 and 1984. respectively. The mean DSa was 0.9 in 1979 and 0.3 in 1984. The corresponding values for FSa were 3.6 and 1.5, respectively. In 1979, the DFSa was zero in 28% of the children, compared to 54% in 1984. All these differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). When analyzing the distribution of enamel and dentin caries lesions diagnosed on radiographs, the same tendency was found, i.e. that dental health had improved from 1979 to 1984. The dietary habits, however, were on the whole the same on both occasions, as judged from the answers given in the questionnaire. The distribution of plaque and gingival scores did not change during the 5‐yr period. The main conclusion from this study is therefore that other factors than improved dietary habits and oral hygiene must have contributed to the obvious reduction of caries prevalence in these groups of high school students.
Prevalence of juvenile periodontitis in schoolchildren in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Harley Alison F. , Floyd Peter D.
Published: May 2006

Abstract The aim of this survey was to study the prevalence of juvenile periodontitis in schoolchildren aged 12–19 yr in Lagos, Nigeria. 1001 children, 565 boys and 436 girls, took part in the study. Initially all the children were screened clinically at school according to the recommendations of CPITN. A mirror and WHO 621 pattern probe were used for this examination. Any child with two or more sextants or teeth with CP1TN code 3 or one sextant code 4 was taken for a radiographic and full clinical examination. Only 19 children, 12 boys and seven girls, fulfilled these requirements. Of these 19 children, five boys and three girls showed radiographic evidence of bone loss as well as increased probing depths, and were diagnosed as having juvenile periodontitis. The other children showed no evidence of bone loss radio‐graphically, despite maximum probing depths of 4–5 mm. The results indicate a prevalence of juvenile periodontitis of 0.8% in this Negro population.
Prevalence study of oral leukoplakia in a selected population of 1000 patients from the Netherlands
Authors: Hogewind Willem F. C. , van der Waal Isaac
Published: May 2006

Abstract A survey of a special population, the outpatients of a Department of Oral Surgery of a Teaching Hospital in Amsterdam, revealed a comparatively low prevalence rate for oral leukoplakia of 14/1000 patients (1.4%). No difference was found in the age distribution compared with similar investigations elsewhere in the world. However, in contrast with previous findings, which show a significant difference between prevalences of leukoplakia for men and women, leukoplakia was equally distributed between both sexes.
Reasons for seeking dental care in a Malaysian urban adult population: an analysis by sex and ethnic group
Authors: Jaafar Nasruddin , Razak Ishak Abdul
Published: May 2006

Abstract
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Different groups of people will view and use modern dental services differently. This is determined by their traditional beliefs and cultural background. The aim of this study is to identify variations in utilization among adults in the three major ethnic groups in Malaysia. Dental records of 500 adults attending the University dental center were randomly selected and analyzed by sex and ethnic group. Results from this pilot study clearly indicate that different ethnic groups tend to use certain types of services more than others. Similarly, there is evidence of variation in the type of dental service preferred between males and females. The implications of these findings For dental health educators, program planners and further research is emphasized in order to promote a more positive pattern of utilization among the various ethnic groups.
Social and psychologic implications of missing teeth for chewing ability
Authors: Oosterhaven Sietze P. , Westert Gert P. , Schaub Rob M. H. , van der Bilt Andries
Published: May 2006

Abstract
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The impact of loss of teeth on chewing ability was investigated in three groups of patients. One group already had missing teeth replaced by partial dentures, which were taken out during the tests. This group was taken as not being adapted to chew without a complete dentition. A second group had their missing teeth not replaced by partial dentures. During the test they were considered adapted to chew without a complete dentition. A third group had a complete natural dentition and they acted as control group. Tests were carried out regarding chewing ability and swallowing threshold. In addition, a clinical examination was carried out. It was found that the loss of molars significantly reduced chewing performance. Moreover the number of chewing‐strokes before swallowing the food‐bolus and the mean of the particle size at the point of swallowing were increased. Loss of molars resulted in less positive feelings concerning chewing. Both groups of persons with missing molars showed a similar chewing performance. The group of not adapted patients felt on average more negative about their chewing ability and they indicated more changes in daily activities because of missing teeth.
Preliminary investigation into the validity of dentists' decisions to restore occlusal surfaces of permanent teeth
Authors: Kay Elizabeth J. , Watts Andrew , Paterson Robert C. , Blinkhorn Anthony S.
Published: May 2006

Abstract
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This study investigates the validity of the treatment decisions made by 10 hospital dentists, who examined the fissures of extracted teeth using a visual‐only technique. The study shows that 8 of the 10 dentists were more likely to leave carious teeth unrestored than unnecessarily treat sound teeth. The authors suggest that this system of diagnosing occlusal caries is a satisfactory one in terms of its sensitivity and specificity.
Salivary levels of Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli and dental caries experiences in a US adolescent population
Authors: Kingman Albert , Little Wayne , Gomez Irma , Heifetz Stanley B. , Driscoll William S. , Sheats Rose , Supan Paul
Published: May 2006

Abstract
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Dental caries exams and saliva samples were obtained from 541 adolescents, aged 10–15, initially and after 17 months as part of a 3‐yr longitudinal study investigating the relationships of dietary intakes, specific microorganisms in saliva, and the prevalence and incidence of dental caries. The mean DMFS score detected in these subjects initially was 4.61, and they developed an average of 1.38 new DMFS during the first 17‐month period. Initially S. mutans and lactobacilli were detected in 64% and 56% of these subjects, respectively. Subjects with low levels of S. mutans and lactobacilli had significantly lower initial DMFS scores and developed significantly fewer new DMFS than subjects with high counts. The predictive values of a positive result for S. mutans or lactobacilli assays were low (31% and 39%), but those for a negative result were high (81% and 84%).
Forecasts of preserved teeth and denture wearers among Danish adults early in the next century
Authors: Heim Sven
Published: May 2006

Abstract
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To assist in the planning of oral health services, forecasts were made and goals specified with regard to the numbers of preserved teeth and subjects wearing full or partial dentures among Danish adults in 1992 and 2002. Forecasting was based on existing data, viz. a survey in 1982, including clinical examination, of a representative sample of 20–80‐yr‐olds (n = 2548). on register data from the National Health Insurance, and survival rates. By combining information from these sources, an increase was estimated in number of preserved teeth among 20–99‐yr‐olds from 68 million in 1982 to 82 and 92 million in 1992 and 2002, respectively. Correspondingly, a 28% increase in the mean number of remaining teeth was proposed as a goal for the year 2002. A decrease was estimated in the number of denture wearers, from 1.4 million in 1982 to 1.07 and 0.74 million in 1992 and 2002, respectively. The corresponding goal was specified as a 50% reduction in the proportion of denture wearers in 2002. In the middle aged and older part of the population the increasing number of remaining teeth may be expected to imply considerable needs for professional care even in the beginning of the next century.
Relative importance of psychologic and social variables in TMJ Pain Dysfunction Syndrome (PDS) signs
Authors: van der Laan Geert J. , Duinkerke Adriaan S. H. , Luteijn Frans , van de Poel Alphons C. M.
Published: May 2006

Abstract
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The aim of this study was to measure the relative importance of a number of psychologic and social variables in explaining the severity of signs of functional disturbances of the stomatognathic system. A group of 261 non care seeking patients with respect to pain and dysfunction of the stomatognathic system were examined. The total sample consisted of two subgroups: Group one (n= 130) with a complete natural dentition and Group two (n= 131) wearing complete maxillary and mandibular dentures. Signs of functional disturbances of the stomatognathic system were assessed using the Clinical Dysfunction Index and a Palpation Test. The patients also completed the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist, the Dutch Personality Inventory and a Dutch form of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Patient education, age and sex were also registered. In both patient subgroups signs of functional disturbances of the stomatognathic system were significantly correlated with patient's sex and a complex of highly inter correlated psychologic variables: psychoneurotic and somatic symptoms, neuroticism and somatization.
Comparative subjective evaluation and prevalence study of TMJ dysfunction syndrome in Japanese adolescents based on clinical examination
Authors: Ohno Hideo , Morinushi Takanobu , Ohno Kazuo , Ogura Tadashi
Published: May 2006

Abstract
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The purpose of this report was to investigate the actual need, as opposed to patient demand, for treatment of TMJ dysfunction syndrome in adolescents. For this investigation, 2198 Japanese schoolchildren, aged 10–18 yr (1095 boys and 1103 girls), were examined by questionnaire. In addition, each subject was given a clinical examination. The results of the subjective evaluations were compared with the frequency of actual occurrence of TMJ dysfunction syndrome. The results were: 1) Subjective recognition of TMJ dysfunction syndrome symptoms involved 253 students (11.5%): 129 boys (11.8%) and 124 girls (8.2%). with no significant difference in number between the sexes, 2) by comparing subjective assessment with clinical examination, the junior high school age was found to be the proper age for the introduction of preventive medical care, because these pupils were able to recognize the symptoms of TMJ dysfunction syndrome as accurately as adults, 3) the results obtained from the questionnaire and the clinical examination showed evidence of higher frequency of accurate recognition on the part of girls.
Dental fear and locus of control: a pilot study
Authors: Neverlien Per Otto
Published: May 2006

Abstract
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In a pilot study among 25 Norwegian elementary schoolchildren age 13 the external part of a Health Locus of Control (HLC) inventory, when scored in internal direction, showed remarkably high positive correlations with clinical anxiety (r = 0.81) and scores on Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale (CDAS) (r = 0.77). The high correlation between the E‐part of the HLC scale and CDAS was upheld when HLC was given to 19 children 20 months later. All other correlations in the pilot study were moderate to absent.
Use of dental services among Danish youths: role of the social environment, the individual, and the delivery system
Authors: Lissau Inge , Hoist Dorthe , Friis‐Hasché Erik
Published: May 2006

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to analyze the separate effect and the total effect of the social environment, the individual and the delivery system on frequency of use of dental services among youths. The variables of use were divided into the three main groups according to Coleman (12). Information concerning use of dental services, individual and structural variables was obtained by a self‐administered questionnaire to 756 Danes 20–21 yr old in 1984–85. Information concerning social environmental variables was obtained by a postal questionnaire to the mothers of the individuals in 1974 (16). Information from 552 mothers was available. Firstly, the variables concerning the social environment were inserted into a multiple dummy regression analysis as independent variables, and it was found that the following characteristics of the mothers were significant predictors: regularity of dental visits and perceived economic barriers. Secondly, the variables concerning the individual resources were set into a multiple dummy regression model as independent variables. The results showed that the following variables had a significant effect: sex, social conditions, pain tolerance, dental anxiety, and perceived economic barriers. Thirdly, multiple dummy regression analysis showed that among the structural variables general assessment of Child Dental Care compared to Youth Dental Care, and a personality assessment of the general dental practitioner were significant predictors. Finally the predictors from the three main groups all together were inserted as independent dummy variables into a regression model. The results showed that sex, social conditions, pain tolerance, dental anxiety, perceived economic barriers of the youth themselves, general assessment of Child Dental Care compared to Youth Dental Care were significant predictors. By means of the model 36% of the variance of frequency of dental visits was explained. In conclusion, the social environment, the individual, and the delivery system had a significant effect on use of dental services among youth
Dental care of HIV‐infected patients: attitudes and behavior among Danish dentists
Authors: Scheutz Flemming
Published: May 2006

Abstract The aims of the study were to study Danish dentists’attitudes and behavior with regard to providing dental care to HIV‐infected persons and to look for explanatory variables for the dentists’attitudes and behavior. Two hundred and twenty‐eight Danish dentists responded to a questionnaire on dental treatment of HIV‐infected patients and related problems (response rate: 91.2%). The dentists’attitudes differed a great deal from the current national policy as to where HIV‐infected patients should be treated and with regard to the possibility of being tested for HIV anonymously. 64% of the dentists favored the idea of referral of HIV‐infected patients to special dental clinics for routine dental treatment, and 93% disapproved of the idea that infected individuals themselves should decide whether they wish to inform their dentist or doctor of seropositivity. Older dentists were more reluctant to treat HIV‐infected individuals than younger. Other differences with regard to a number of demographic variables were not found. No difference in attitude towards HIV‐infected persons was found when compared to that towards HBV‐infected individuals. The reluctance towards treatment of HIV‐infected persons was present irrespective of any subsidy for an extra cost for treatment of HIV‐infected patients
“Spontaneous” oral hygiene: a predictor for future preventive behavior?
Authors: Alcouffe Francois
Published: May 2006

Abstract The aim of this study was to establish whether a patient's “spontaneous” hygiene could be a reliable predictor of his or her tendency to maintain a certain permanent level of hygiene. The sample comprised 147 private periodontal patients whose plaque indices were recorded before (index 1) and after (index 2) a standardized hygiene program was carried out. According to their initial indices the patients were distributed in 10 classes (Class 0: from 0 to 10% using O'Leary's plaque index, class 1: from 11% to 20%, etc.). The two biggest classes were > 50% (48.3% of the subjects of the whole sample belonged to classes 5 and 6). A coefficient (IC) =There was a marked difference in behavior between patients whose initial plaque index was <50% and those whose initial index was >50%. The former improved noticeably, whereas the latter did not. Within the limits of the investigated population the following conclusions can be drawn: 1) initial plaque index and possibilities of improvement are correlated; 2) initial plaque index, recorded prior to any periodontal treatment, may be a reliable predictor of a patient's future compliance
Perception and significance of dental appearance: the case of missing teeth
Authors: Oosterhaven Sietze P. , Westert Gert P. , Schaub Rob M. H.
Published: May 2006

Abstract The perception and significance of dental appearance was investigated in three groups of patients. One group had a missing front tooth replaced by partial dentures, which were taken out during the tests. A second group had some missing (pre‐)molars. A third group had a complete natural dentition and they acted as control group. Color photographs of the teeth were made and a clinical examination was carried out. The psychological impact of dental appearance was measured by way of a scale of words with affective connotations. Social impact was assessed by way of changes in daily activities. Dentists and lay‐persons were asked to give an opinion of the dental appearance on the basis of the pictures. It was found that a missing front tooth resulted in less positive feelings and more negative feelings and also that this condition affected daily life activities strongly. Missing (pre‐)molars caused less of an aesthetic problem. Dentists and lay‐persons were quite alike in their appreciation of dental appearance, whereas the respondents themselves had different opinions. An explanation for these differences and their implications for dentists are discussed
Social desirability and questioning children in dental research
Authors: Visser A. Ph. , Eijkman M. A. J. , Wiegman H.
Published: May 2006

Abstract The influence of social desirability on the results of a social dental investigation was examined in a survey of 320 15‐yr‐old children. Children with a lower level of schooling seemed to be more inclined to give social desirable answers. It appeared that the stronger the social desirability, the more satisfaction children tended to show with their dentist, the less they said they were afraid of him, but, surprisingly, the less responsible they felt for their dental health. Other measures were not influenced by social desirability: dental hygiene, perception of the quality of one's own teeth, knowledge about dental health, sources of information, and evaluation of the dentist's behavior. Also independent of social desirability were the measures of the amount of fluid sugar consumed, the child's obesity, and the actual dental health (DMFS, degree of treatment, P.H.P.). Several aspects of the meaning of social desirability in dental research are discussed
Dental caries experience in the Chiangmai/Lamphun provinces of Thailand
Authors: Songpaisan Yupin , Davies George N.
Published: May 2006

Abstract Thailand has a highly developed system of primary health care. Using the criteria and methods recommended by W.H.O., an oral health survey was undertaken of 2111 subjects from six districts with different types of dental service including two with no systematic service and two with ICOH‐trained primary oral health care personnel – examiners, health educators and village sealers. Significant differences between districts, unrelated to the type of dental service, were found in the percent of children with caries‐free primary teeth and in mean dmft at ages 5 and 6; and at ages 5–6, 12, 17–18 and 35–44 (but not 15–16) in the percent of subjects with caries‐free permanent teeth. The prevalence of DMFT was uniformly low ranging from 0.0 at age 6 to 1.18 at age 35–4. There was an inverse relationship between CFI and DMFT in subjects aged 12–18 and a direct relationship between dental fluorosis and the fluoride content of well‐water used for cooking and drinking. The most conspicuous feature of the data was the much greater prevalence of caries in the primary dentition with heavy involvement of the maxillary incisors. Comparisons with the Thai and International Goals for Oral Health by the Year 2000 show that all except two districts have already achieved the Thai, but not the FDI/WHO, Goal for 5–6‐yr‐olds with caries‐free primary teeth and, except for one district, all of the national and international goals with respect to the status of the permanent dentition have also been achieved
Smoking habits and tooth loss in Swedish women
Authors: Ahlqwist Margareta , Bengtsson Calle , Hollender Lars , Lapidus Leif , Österberg Tor
Published: May 2006

AbstractA longitudinal population study of 1462 women, aged 38–60, was started in Gothenburg, Sweden, in 1968–69. In univariate analysis of the results from 1968–69, smokers were found to have a significantly lower number of remaining teeth than non‐smokers had. The differences between smokers and non‐smokers with respect to edentulousness and number of remaining teeth was further accentuated 12 yr later. The mean number of teeth lost during the 12‐yr follow‐up period was 3.5 among smokers and 2.1 among non‐smokers, i.e. 67% higher among smokers than among non‐smokers. The associations were independent of age, education, socio‐economic group, marital status, frequency of toothbrushing, and frequency of visits to a dentist. It is concluded that smoking seems to play an important role as far as tooth loss is concerned
Association of symptoms and signs of TM disorders in an adult population
Authors: Locker David , Slade Gary
Published: May 2006

Abstract Most population‐based studies of TM disorders report a discrepancy between the frequency of symptoms and the frequency of signs of functional disturbances of the temporomandibular joint. In addition, studies have reported varying relationships between subjectively perceived symptoms and signs found on clinical examination. This study examines this relationship in 148 Canadian adults who were part of a larger sample of 677 subjects who completed a telephone administered symptom questionnaire. Symptoms were reported by 63.5% and signs were found in 88.1%. While a degree of discordance was observed, there was a close and statistically significant association between symptoms and signs. This was the case whether summary variables or individual symptoms and signs were used as the dependent variable and whether proportions with or absolute numbers of symptoms and signs were examined. The validity of the symptom questionnaire was examined in order to assess its ability to identify “cases” of TMD. Validity tests showed a sensitivity of 81.4% and a specificity of 48.3%. When “false” positives and “true” positives were compared, the former were found to be significantly less likely to report pain
Dental patients'knowledge and beliefs about periodontal disease
Authors: Bader James D. , Rozier R. Gary , McFall Walter T. , Ramsey Diane L.
Published: May 2006

Abstract The knowledge and beliefs about periodontal disease of 1093 regularly attending patients in 36 North Carolina general dental practices were examined. Patients had a strong positive orientation toward keeping their teeth. Correct information concerning the signs, causes, prevention, and treatment of periodontal disease was widely held. Older patients were more knowledgeable about treatment and signs of periodontal disease, while younger patients expressed more positive beliefs about keeping their teeth for a lifetime. Although patients’knowledge was not perfect, it included few misperceptions that could threaten oral health. Additional education was most needed with respect to the significance of bleeding gums
Reproducibility and overlapping of bitewing radiographs: comparison of Eggen‐bite with Kwik‐bite
Authors: Möystad Anne , Larheim Tore Arne
Published: May 2006

Abstract In the present study the reproducibility of horizontal dimensions and of overlappings of two filmholder techniques with aiming devices (Eggen‐bite and Kwik‐bite) and additionally the number of overlappings on the resulting bitewing radiographs were compared. The overlapping reproducibility was significantly higher with Kwik‐bite. The microdensitometric reproducibility demonstrated the same tendency, but the result was not significant. Bitewings carried out by an oral radiologist demonstrated fewer overlappings with Eggen‐bite than with Kwik‐bite, while bite‐wings carried out by inexperienced students revealed no difference between the methods. Both reproducibility and number of overlappings should be taken into consideration when bitewing filmholder techniques are used in epidemiological and longitudinal studies
Comparison of oral radiographic findings among 35‐year‐old Oslo citizens in 1973 and 1984
Authors: Stermer Beyer‐Olsen Eva M. , Bjertness Espen , Eriksen Harald M. , Hansen Björn Frode
Published: May 2006

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to evaluate a variety of radiographically detectable conditions found on orthopantomograms of 141 individuals as a part of an oral health survey of 35‐year‐old Oslo citizens, born 1949. Radiographic findings were recorded and compared with those of a similar study made in 1973. The findings revealed a statistically significant reduction in the prevalence of marginal bone loss. The frequencies of endodontically treated teeth and teeth with apical radiolucencies were unchanged
Periodontal disease prevalence in different age groups in Japan as assessed according to the CPITN
Authors: Miyazaki H. , Hanada N. , Andoh M. I. , Yamashita Y. , Saito T. , Sogame A. , Goto K. , Shirahama R. , Takehara T.
Published: May 2006

Abstract A CPITN survey was conducted involving 12832 Japanese subjects from 7 to 64 years of age. Subjects under 18 were schoolchildren, and 18‐year‐old and older subjects represented various social backgrounds, having been randomly selected from both urban and rural Japan. Fifty percent of the 7‐yr‐old children had signs of periodontal disease, and this percentage increased with increasing age. In those under 14, this increase in periodontal disease was mainly due to an increase in the proportion of children developing dental calculus. Subjects with 6 mm or deeper pockets were observed starting from the 20‐29‐yr‐old age group. In subjects over this age, the prevalence of periodontal disease was higher in men than in women. The percentages of subjects having pathologic pockets had increased remarkably in the 30‐44‐yr‐olds. In the 45–64‐yr‐old group, almost all subjects had some sign of periodontal disease, and the percentage of those with 4 or 5 mm pockets and 6 mm or deeper pockets were 37% and 21%, respectively
Oral health of Polish children and WHO/FDI goals for the year 2000
Authors: JańAczuk Zbigniew
Published: May 2006

Abstract Based on available epidemiology data, dating sporadically from 1967 to 1985, of the oral health situation of Polish children and youngsters, the attainment of the first three oral health goals of FDI/WHO for the year 2000 is discussed. It can be assumed that the first oral health goal may be reached by at most only 10% of Polish children. The second oral health goal may be achieved by some 60% of 12‐yr‐old Polish children. The third oral health goal will be reached by at most 33% of 18‐yr‐old Polish youngsters. The reasons for these rather pessimistic prognoses are explained
Dental hygienists'influence on the patients'knowledge, motivation, self‐care, and perception of change
Authors: Uitenbroek Daan G. , Schaub Rob M. H. , Tromp Jan A. H. , Kant Johan H.
Published: May 2006

Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the success of the dental hygienist in the dental health education of dental patients in general dental practice. Special emphasis was laid on health education in the field of periodontics. The answers on a questionnaire of 159 dental patients who visited a dental hygienist were compared with the answers of 302 dental patients who had never visited a dental hygienist. The comparison was done by means of t‐test and regression analysis on specially developed scales with regard to knowledge, motivation, self‐care, and perception of change. On all scales the dental patients who visited a dental hygienist scored better. This difference remained when social demographic variables and the dentist's influence were taken into account. This indicates that the dental hygienist is successful in the behavioral aspect of her work
Clinical picture of snuff dipper's lesion in Swedes
Authors: Mörnstad Håkan , Axéll Tony , Sundström Bengt
Published: May 2006

Abstract In a survey of oral mucosal lesions in 20333 individuals, 1 466 individuals with snuff dipper's lesions were found. All but seven of the snuff dippers were men, which gives a prevalence of snuff dipper's lesions of 15.9% in the male population. Four degrees (1–4) of clinical severity of lesions were allotted. There were positive correlations between the severity of the lesion and years with the habit, daily amount of snuff used, time with contact between snuff and the oral mucosa, and, to some extent, with age of the snuff dipper. There were differences between the different brands of snuff as regards the severity of the snuff dipper's lesion produced.
Dental welfare profiles in a group of disabled Norwegian adults
Authors: Rise Jostein , Storhaug Kari
Published: May 2006

Abstract In a group of 496 non‐institutionalized disabled Norwegian adults the possibility of identifying groups with particular dental welfare profiles which could be ascribed to a set of resource profiles was studied. Eight independent resource variables and seven dependent dental welfare variables were included in the model using canonical correlation analysis. Three main dental welfare profiles were identified: The most important profile was dominated by number of own teeth and differences were mainly ascribed to age, income, marital status and education. The second profile comprised a combination of absence of payment arrangement, chewing problems and barriers for dental care and differences were ascribed to sex, hospital experience, and organized assistance. The third profile discriminating between the disabled individuals was problems with performing dental hygiene associated with irregular use of dental services and barriers for dental care and differences were related to sex, marital status, degree of dependency, and organized assistance. For all profiles, individual characteristics were more important than contextual resources
Assessment of dental anxiety in edentulous subjects
Authors: Vervoorn Johanna M. , Duinkerke Adriaan S. H. , Luteijn Frans , van De Poel Alphons C. M.
Published: May 2006

Abstract In this investigation an anxiety scale was constructed to measure dental anxiety in full denture patients. Furthermore, the relationship of this anxiety scale with denture history, denture satisfaction, and personality traits was investigated. A group of 125 patients who were on a waiting list to have new dentures constructed participated in this study. The coefficient alpha value of the anxiety scale was 0.81. Significant correlations were found with number of years with complete dentures (r = ‐0.20), with denture complaints (r = 0.18‐0.19) and with some personality traits (r = 0.21‐0.32). Further research into the role of dental anxiety with respect to dental behaviour and dental satisfaction in edentulous populations seems useful
Immediate and delayed effects of a dental health education film on periodontal knowledge, attitudes, and reported behavior of Dutch adolescents
Authors: Horst G. ter , Hoogstraten Joh.
Published: May 2006

Abstract In a field experiment the immediate and delayed effects of a 20‐min dental health film on periodontal knowledge, attitudes, and reported behavior were assessed. Subjects were 425 12–14‐yr‐old Dutch adolescents. There were 12 experimental classes and eight control classes, matched for type of school, class, and level of urbanization. Results showed a substantial knowledge gain for the experimental group. This effect was sustained over a period of 2 months. For six items the gain was over 40%. Results did show a marginal effect of the film for attitude scores but no effect for reported behavior, either immediate or delayed. The effect of the film on knowledge was partly determined by background variables such as type of school, level of urbanization, and subject's age. No such interaction effects were obtained for attitude and reported behavior. The conclusion must be that knowledge of dental health issues can be improved by relatively simple means, but to change attitudes and behavioral dental practices more is needed than a 20‐min film
Evaluation of simple periodontal screening technique currently used in the UK armed forces
Authors: Eaton Kenneth A. , Woodman Alan J.
Published: May 2006

Abstract The need to prioritise resources for periodontal care within the UK Armed Forces has led to the development and introduction of a simple periodontal screening technique, the Periodontal Index for Treatment (PIT), based upon the clinical assessment of six teeth (all first molars and the maxillary right and mandibular left central incisors) with a specially designed periodontal probe (the PIT probe) and the use of bitewing radiography. This paper describes the evaluation of the technique. This was carried out by examining 406 subjects aged from 16 to 64 yr in four groups. All subjects received a full mouth periodontal assessment, performed by one of two periodontists with standardised bitewing radiography of their premolar and first and second molars. They were then categorised as periodontally healthy (PIT 0), with gingivitis but no pocketing exceeding 4 mm (PIT 1), with pocketing 4‐5 mm (PIT 2), or with 6 mm + pocketing (PIT 3). The subjects were then examined and categorised by one of 32 General Dental Practitioners using the PIT technique upon the six test teeth and subsequently viewing the bitewing radiographs. The results of the two types of examination, with and without bitewing radiographic evidence, were tested for sensitivity and specificity to detect pocketing in excess of 4 mm and/or bone loss. The results showed that, when used without bitewings as an adjunct, the PIT technique showed a specificity of 95–100% but a low sensitivity in three groups (36%, 52% and 59%) and of 94% in the fourth group who had in fact been referred for periodontal treatment. When bitewing radiographs were used as an adjunct to periodontal probing, the PIT technique showed a specificity of 100% in each group and a sensitivity of 89 100% when screening for pockets and/or bone loss. It was concluded that, in the subjects studied, the PIT technique when used in conjunction with bitewing radiography provided simple, rapid and reliable periodontal screening