bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspective shifts and a theoretical model relating to kaigaishijo and kikokushijo, or third culture kids in a Japanese context
Authors: Fry Rieko
Published: July 2007

This article examines the various claims made about sojourn children known as kaigaishijo and kikokushijo, or third culture kids (TCKs) in a Japanese context. Their image has shifted from educationally disadvantaged to internationally minded children with bilingual and bicultural abilities who can thrive in the era of globalization. The article also considers and further develops the multidimensional theoretical model originally proposed by Ebuchi to reflect more closely the sojourner and TCK lifestyles, on which empirical studies could be based.
Daring to be different
Authors: Macdonald James
Published: July 2007

The differences among international schools have important educational and economic implications for international education. From a foundation of theory developed for the business world, this article examines ways in which school leaders can consciously differentiate their schools to improve the quality of education and better assure the fiscal health of the school organization.
Difficulties in quality doctoral academic advising
Authors: Kim Youngjoo
Published: July 2007

This article examines difficulties encountered by international students in establishing strong and supportive academic advising relationships, with a special focus on Korean doctoral students in the USA. Interviews about barriers, experienced and perceived, to quality advising interactions were conducted with eight Korean international students at ABD (all but dissertation) stages at a large, public, Midwestern university. Findings suggest that students' perceived barriers to establishing successful advising relationships include the following: discrepancies in the ways Korean students and their American advisors envision advisement and communication; Korean students' passive attitude in initiating the advisor—advisee relationship; and advisors' unavailability to students.
Global nomads in an international school
Authors: Mclachlan Debra A.
Published: July 2007

In a global society, internationally mobile (IM) families experience challenges as well as benefits while living a transient lifestyle. Considering the human costs of relocation and transience for IM families, it is important to understand their survival strategies. A qualitative research approach was used to study 45 IM families who had children attending a private, international school in Southern England. Findings revealed that parents were not passive agents, but actively employed tactics to help their children manage mobility.
The cross-talk between dendritic and regulatory T cells: good or evil?
Authors: Hubert Pascale , Jacobs Nathalie , Caberg Jean-Hubert , Boniver Jacques , Delvenne Philippe
Published: July 2007

Immune responses against pathogens require fine regulation to avoid excessive inflammation, which could be harmful to the host. Moreover, the immune system must be tolerant to nonpathogenic antigens to prevent allergy, autoimmunity, and transplant rejection. There is accumulating evidence that interactions between dendritic cells (DC) and regulatory T (Treg) cells play a crucial role in the balance between immune response and tolerance. Communications between these cells are complex, bidirectional, and mediated by soluble or cell surface molecules. The maturation status of DC, which may be influenced by different microenvironmental factors, is considered as an important checkpoint for the induction of peripheral tolerance through modifications of the activation status of T cells. Moreover, several lines of experimental evidence suggest that different subsets or the functional status of DC are also involved in the promotion of Treg cell differentiation. A better knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of the immune response induced or inhibited by DC via their interactions with Treg cells could be relevant for the development of new, immunotherapeutic approaches.
Thepax-3gene is involved in vulva formation inPristionchus pacificusand is a target of the Hox genelin-39
Authors: Yi Buqing , Sommer Ralf J.
Published: July 2007

The Hox gene lin-39 plays a crucial role in the establishment of the nematode vulva equivalence group. Mutations in lin-39 in Caenorhabditis elegans and Pristionchus pacificus result in a vulvaless phenotype because presumptive vulva precursor cells adopt non-vulval fates. Interestingly, the non-vulval fate of anterior and posterior epidermal cells differs between Caenorhabditis and Pristionchus; in C. elegans, non-vulval cells fuse with the hypodermis, whereas, in P. pacificus, they die as a result of programmed cell death. C. elegans lin-39 (Cel-lin-39)indirectly controls the cell fusion gene eff-1 by regulating the GATA transcription factors egl-18 and elt-6. In P. pacificus, the genetic context of its lin-39(Ppa-lin-39) function was unknown. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of gev-2, a second generation-vulvaless mutant in P. pacificus. We show that gev-2 is the Ppa-pax-3 gene and that it has distinct functions in the cell fate specification of epidermal cells. Whereas Ppa-pax-3 regulates cell survival of the presumptive vulval precursor cells, it controls cell death of posterior epidermal cells. Molecular studies indicate that Ppa-pax-3is a direct target of Ppa-LIN-39. Thus, we describe the first specific developmental defect of a nematode pax-3 gene and our data reveal different regulatory networks for the specification of the vulva equivalence group.
Imperial Pastoral: The Politics and Aesthetics of Translation in British Malaya
Authors: Morris Rosalind C.
Published: July 2007

This essay considers the general force of anachronism in the British imperial project in peninsular Southeast Asia, an anachronism that was enacted in the translational efforts of educational officials as well as the curricular programs and educational policies of the colonial administration. The essay refers to this anachronism as a kind of "imperial pastoralism," which aesthetic conflated rurality and husbandry while eschewing the possibility of revolution. The effect, the essay suggests, was not only a politics of linguistic separatism but also a hierarchizing of ethnolinguistic difference and a gradual and increasingly exclusive identification of Malays with Malaysia.
The Ethnicity of Things in America's Lacquered Age
Authors: Bush Christopher
Published: July 2007

This essay analyzes the cultural meaning of the enormous popularity of, and significance attributed to, Japanese objects in the United States during the last quarter of the nineteenth century. By locating this significance at the intersection of the United States' racial, economic, and material imaginaries, the essay argues for an interpretation of the Japanese object as an "ethnic thing" that suggests new ways of understanding of the relationship between objectification and racialization.
Detection of aromatase and estrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ1, ERβ2) in human Leydig cell tumor
Authors: Carpino Amalia , Rago Vittoria , Pezzi Vincenzo , Carani Cesare , Andò Sebastiano
Published: July 2007

A Leydig cell tumor is a rare neoplasm, deriving from the interstitial cells, whose pathogenesis has not been still defined. Leydig cells of normal adult testis are known as physiological targets for estrogens. However, some studies on transgenic rodents suggest a role of estrogens in the development of Leydig cell hyperplasia and Leydig cell tumor. Therefore, with the aim to evaluate a possible link between estrogens and testicular tumorigenesis, this study investigated the expression of aromatase and estrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ1, ERβ2) in testes from two patients with Leydig cell tumor. A strong immunoreactivity for aromatase, ERβ1, and ERβ2, together with a detectable ERα immunostaining, was revealed in tumoral tissues. These findings were confirmed by western blot analysis of tumor extracts detecting a 55 kDa P450arom, a 67 kDa ERα band, a 59 kDa ERβ1 band, and a 53 kDa ERβ2 band. The pattern of ER expression in neoplastic cells appears different from that of control Leydig cells exhibiting only ERβ1 and ERβ2 isoforms. The authors hypothesize how the high estrogen production could play a role in the neoplastic transformation of Leydig cells, while the exclusive presence of ERα in tumoral cells could amplify estradiol-17β signaling contributing to the tumor cell growth and progression.
The increase in abdominal subcutaneous fat depot is an independent factor to determine the glycemic control after rosiglitazone treatment
Authors: Kim Soo-Kyung , Hur Kyu-Yeon , Kim Hae-Jin , Shim Wan-Sub , Ahn Chul-Woo , Park Seok-Won , Cho Yong-Wook , Lim Sung-Kil , Lee Hyun-Chul , Cha Bong-Soo
Published: July 2007

Objective: The goal was to investigate the interrelationships between the hypoglycemic effects of rosiglitazone and the changes in the regional adiposity of type 2 diabetic patients.

Design and methods: We added rosiglitazone (4 mg/day) to 173 diabetic patients (111 males and 62 females) already taking a stable dose of conventional antidiabetic medications except for thiazolidinediones. The abdominal fat distribution was assessed by ultrasonography at baseline and 12 weeks later. Using ultrasonographic images, the s.c. and visceral fat thickness (SFT and VFT respectively) were measured.

Results: Rosiglitazone treatment for 3 months improved the glycemic control. However, the response to rosiglitazone was no more than 36.4%; the deterioration of the glycemic control was found in 16.8% of subjects. In addition, rosiglitazone treatment significantly increased the body fat mass, especially the s.c. fat. However that did not alter the visceral fat content. The percentage changes in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentrations after treatment were inversely correlated with the increase in SFT (r=−0.327 and −0.353, P<0.001 respectively) and/or body weight (r=−0.316 and −0.327, P<0.001 respectively). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the improvement in the FPG after rosiglitazone treatment was correlated with the baseline FPG (P<0.001) and the change in the SFT (P=0.019), and the reduction in the HbA1c was related with the baseline FPG (P=0.003) and HbA1c (P<0.001) and the changes in the SFT (P=0.010) or VFT (P=0.013).

Conclusions: The increase in the s.c. fat depot after rosiglitazone treatment may be an independent factor that determines the hypoglycemic efficacy.
Differences and similarities regarding adiponectin investigated in African and Caucasian women
Authors: Schutte Aletta E , Huisman Hugo W , Schutte Rudolph , Malan Leoné , van Rooyen Johannes M , Malan Nico T , Schwarz Peter E H
Published: July 2007

Objective: Concentrations of adiponectin, an adipocytokine with insulin-sensitizing actions, may vary according to ethnic group. This study aimed to determine whether fasting adiponectin levels of Caucasian and African women differ. A second objective was to determine which components of the metabolic syndrome are more closely related to adiponectinemia in both groups.

Design: A cross-sectional study including 102 urban African and 115 Caucasian women with a wide range of obesity aged 20–55 years.

Methods: Anthropometric measurements were taken, namely weight, height, body mass index, waist circumference, and hip circumference. Cardiovascular measurements included blood pressure and arterial compliance. Fasting blood samples were taken to determine glucose, insulin, C-peptide, leptin, adiponectin, and lipid levels.

Results: Mean adiponectin levels of the whole groups did not differ, but normal weight African women (N = 38) showed marginally lower adiponectin levels than their Caucasian counterparts (N = 41; P = 0.047). No differences in adiponectin were shown for overweight and obese women. Separate multiple regression analyses for ethnic groups showed that only homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) significantly contributed to the variance in adiponectin levels of African women, whereas leptin, triacylglycerol levels and HOMA-IR contributed significantly to adiponectin variance in Caucasian women. An additional multiple regression analysis in a combined ethnic group (N = 217) showed ethnicity to be a significant contributor to variances in adiponectin levels.

Conclusions: Even though adiponectin levels of these ethnic groups are similar, different associations of adiponectin with leptin and triacylglycerol levels might indicate that there are ethnic differences regarding the mechanistic functions of adiponectin within the scope of the metabolic syndrome.
Laboratory Transmission of the Monogenean Acolpenteron ureteroecetes Infecting the Posterior Kidneys of Largemouth Bass: Time Course and Pathology
Authors: Gieseker Charles M. , Serfling Stanley G. , Poynton Sarah L. , Reimschuessel Renate
Published: July 2007

Acolpenteron ureteroecetes infections in the kidneys of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides have been reported, but the time course of infection and progression of pathology in experimentally infected fish remain unknown. We exposed 299 naïve juvenile largemouth bass at 19.8°C to A. ureteroecetes–infected largemouth bass via recirculating water without direct contact. For 7 months, prevalence and density were determined monthly in squashes of posterior kidney (20 exposed fish, 20 nonexposed fish), and histopathology was assessed in 5 fish from each group. Prevalence increased steadily from months 1 (5%) to 4 (85%), thereafter remaining relatively stable. Mean density of infection doubled monthly (month 1, 0.1 individuals/2 cm2 squash; month 7, 15.1 individuals/2 cm2 squash). Eggs were first observed at month 3, and mean density increased markedly from month 4 to month 5 (2.9–15.3 eggs/2 cm2 squash). Histopathology showed damage in renal collecting ducts that got progressively worse between 5 and 7 months. The infected ducts were dilated, had a hyperplastic epithelium, and were surrounded by chronic inflammation, including eosinophilic granular cells and varying degrees of fibrosis. Eggs within granulomas were present in the interstitium; this response is newly reported. The infection system developed in this study provides a reproducible and consistent source of infected individuals that will facilitate further study of the parasite and potential treatments.
Genetic Variation and Structure of Chinook Salmon Life History Types in the Snake River
Authors: Narum Shawn R. , Stephenson Jeffrey J. , Campbell Matthew R.
Published: July 2007

We evaluated 25 inland populations of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Snake River with 13 microsatellite loci to test for contemporary genetic differentiation at three scales: Between life history types, among regions within life history types, and among populations within regions. The genetic distance and diversity of natural Chinook salmon populations were also contrasted with those of Chinook salmon from several hatcheries. The results provide strong evidence for reproductive isolation among ocean‐ and stream‐type life histories (FST range, 0.080‐0.120). Regional structuring of stream‐type Chinook salmon within subbasins was also significant, as all populations were differentiated (FST range, 0.017‐0.045), but populations generally clustered together by region in a neighbor‐joining dendrogram. This evidence suggests high levels of philopatry to natal areas in stream‐type Chinook salmon, but ocean‐type collections were not significantly different from one another (FST range, 0.001‐0.002). Higher levels of genetic diversity in ocean‐type (306 total alleles; allelic richness, 16.5) than in stream‐type collections (206 total alleles; allelic richness, 12.2) may also reflect variable levels of gene flow within each life history type and colonization history. The genetic similarity of populations within regions suggests gene flow not only from transplanted stocks but also from natural dispersal that provides metapopulation structure. None of the 25 populations in this study offered significant evidence for a genetic bottleneck (M ratio < 0.68) despite apparent demographic bottlenecks in several populations throughout the Snake River drainage in the last century. The combination of dispersal through metapopulation dynamics and transfers of hatchery stocks may be responsible for reducing the genetic bottleneck signal.
The role of nitric oxide in aspirin induced thrombolysis in vitro and the purification of aspirin activated nitric oxide synthase from human blood platelets
Authors: Karmohapatra Soumendra K. , Chakraborty Kushal , Kahn Nighat N. , Sinha Asru K.
Published: July 2007

Aspirin, a well‐known inhibitor of platelet aggregation, is extensively used for the prevention/treatment of coronary artery disease. The beneficial and antithrombotic effects of the compound are related to the inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase. It is currently believed that aspirin has no effect on the formed thrombus, which results in coronary artery disease. It was found that the exposure of platelets to 4.0 μM aspirin either in vitro or in vivo resulted in fibrinolysis of the formed “clot” produced by the recalcification of platelet‐rich plasma due to the production of NO in these cells by the compound. The lysis of clot in the presence of aspirin was found to be related to the fibrinolysis with simultaneous appearance of fibrin degradation products due to the generation of serine proteinase activity by NO in the assay mixture. The aspirin activated nitric oxide synthase that catalyzed the synthesis of NO in platelets was solubilized by Triton X‐100 treatment and purified to homogeneity by chromatography on DEAE cellulose and Sephadex G‐50 columns. The enzyme was found to be a single chain polypeptide with M.W. 19 kDa. The treatment of human plasminogen with NO was found to directly activate the zymogen to plasmin with the production of preactivation peptide in the absence of cofactors, or cells without the formation of cyclic GMP in the assay mixture. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical features in adults with congenital disorders of glycosylation type Ia (CDG‐Ia)
Authors: Krasnewich Donna , O'Brien Kevin , Sparks Susan
Published: July 2007

Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a group of metabolic disorders resulting from defective synthesis of N‐linked oligosaccharides. CDG‐Ia is the most common of the 21 known types defined by defects in different steps of the synthetic pathway. An increasing number of American adults with CDG‐Ia are being recognized but little is documented on the morbidity and mortality in this population. These adults have moderate mental retardation, ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa, peripheral neuropathy, kyphoscoliosis, and endocrinopathies. Four adults with CDG‐Ia, ages 19–36 years old are presented. All are active, dysarthric conversant adults with moderate cognitive impairment. They are ataxic and wheelchair dependent, however, only the oldest man shows significant muscle atrophy. All have diagnosed peripheral neuropathy. Three of four remain on anticonvulsants with only occasional seizures, none have had stroke‐like episodes since their teen years. Their skeletal issues include significant kyposcoliosis, joint contractures, and osteopenia. Retinitis pigmentosa and myopia complicate their functional vision. The women do not menstruate and the men have small testes resulting from hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Documentation of clinical complications and successful management strategies in adults with CDG will improve their quality of life and allow more informed prognostic discussions with families of younger affected individuals. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unexpected fluorescence emission of poly(α,β‐L‐malic acid) in aqueous medium
Authors: Fan Yaofeng , Fan Yunge , Wang Yinong , Ma Jianbiao
Published: July 2007

Unexpected fluorescence of poly(α,β‐L‐malic acid) (α,β‐PMA) without traditional fluorophore was observed firstly. This fluorescent polymer was synthesized via melt polycondensation of L‐malic acid. The polymer was characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (IR), Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy (Raman), and X‐ray powder diffractometry (XRD). The high molecular weight α,β‐PMA was synthesized by the optimum polycondensation at 130°C for 15 h, followed by fractional precipitation with diethyl ether and petroleum ether. The degree of branching of α,β‐PMA was from 10% to 20% according to the reaction condition. Terminal group of α,β‐PMA was mainly hydroxycarboxylic group companied with a few CHCHCOOH groups owing to dehydration of a normal terminal during the melt polycondensation. A fluorescence emission maximum of α,β‐PMA in water appeared at 420 nm when it was excited at 340 nm. Further study indicated that the fluorescence intensity was concentration‐dependent, pH‐dependent, and molecular‐weight‐dependent. The fluorescence formation may result from multichain aggregations, which was formed readily in aqueous solution due to intermolecular hydrogen bonds between branched α,β‐PMA. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Characterization of PET nanocomposites produced by different melt‐based production methods
Authors: Todorov L. V. , Viana J. C.
Published: July 2007

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) based nanocomposites containing 3 wt % of different nanoparticles (MontMorilloniTe–MMT; titanium dioxide–TiO2; and silica dioxide–SiO2) were prepared via two independent procedures: mechanical mixing with subsequent direct injection molding (DIM) and mechanical mixing, followed by extrusion blending and injection molding (EIM). The contributions of nanofillers with respect to pure PET were evaluated. The incorporation of nanofillers reduces the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer matrix when processed by DIM and EIM. SAXS results showed that: MMT layers were intercalated for both processing procedures, but slightly higher for EIM; a better dispersion with smaller agglomerates size is achieved for TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles for EIM than for DIM. According to the results of DSC analysis, all fillers behave as nucleating agents for PET except SiO2 that acts as inhibitor in case of DIM procedure. The mechanical behavior was assessed in tensile testing. The mechanical test revealed that the addition of nanoparticles have a slight influence on the elastic modulus and yield stress, but a drastic negative influence on the deformation capabilities of the moldings. The measured optical properties of the moldings gloss and haze are also strongly affected by the presence of nanoparticles. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Pseudospecific magnetic affinity beads for immunoglobulin‐G depletion from human serum
Authors: Akgöl Sinan , Özkara Serpil , Uzun Lokman , Yılmaz Fatma , Denizli Adil
Published: July 2007

Magnetic poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate‐N‐methacryloyl‐(L)‐histidine methyl ester) [m‐poly(EGDMA‐MAH)] beads were prepared by suspension polymerization for the affinity depletion of immunoglobulin‐G (IgG) from human serum in a batch system. Elemental analysis of the magnetic beads for nitrogen was estimated as 70 μmol MAH/g polymer. IgG adsorption onto the m‐poly(EGDMA) was negligible. Higher adsorption value (up to 46.8 mg/g) was obtained in which the m‐poly(EGDMA‐MAH) beads were used. IgG adsorption capacity of the magnetic beads increased with an increase in the concentration of IgG. The maximum IgG adsorption was observed at pH 6.5 for MOPS buffer. IgG molecules could be repeatedly adsorbed and eluted with these adsorbents, without noticeable loss in their IgG adsorption capacity. Adsorption capacity decreased for both increasing salt concentration and temperature. In this study, we show that m‐poly(EGDMA‐MAH) beads (wherein IgG molecules bind directly with the matrix) can be used directly for affinity depletion without further modification. Higher adsorption value was obtained from human serum (up to 85.7 mg/g). The elution results demonstrated that the adsorption of IgG to the adsorbent was reversible. The depletion efficiencies for IgG were above 85% for all studied concentrations. Eluted portion was analyzed for testing the IgG removal efficiency by two dimensional gel electrophoresis. Eluted proteins include mainly IgG, and a small number of nonalbumin proteins such as apolipoprotein A1, serotransferrin, haptoglobulin, and α1‐antitrypsin. IgA was not identified in eluted fraction. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Electronic and steric effects of methyl substituent in Samarium (III) phenolates on their initiation activities in polymerization of ϵ‐caprolactone
Authors: Peng Fei , Shen Zhiquan
Published: July 2007

Seven phenols with methyls substituting ortho or para hydrogens are firstly reported as ligands for Samarium (III) complexes. The resultant Samarium (III) phenolates were used as single component initiators for ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of ε‐caprolactone (CL). The results were in good order and met well with structural changes in phenol ligands. To explain the ordered correlation between ROP results and ligand structures of these phenolates, quantum chemical (QC) method was applied to optimize the most stable conformations for substituted phenols. QC data indicated that changes in charge distribution and geometric parameters of phenol ligands also followed certain order, which could be attributed to electronic and steric effects caused by methyl substituents. It was found that: methyl in phenol, especially single ortho one, would induce more space around metal center and easier nucleophilic attack from phenol oxygen to CL monomer, which means positive electronic effect and could induce increased initiation activity of corresponding phenolate. Meanwhile, two ortho methyls will take up considerable space around the metal center and bring along un‐ignorable negative steric effect, which surpasses positive electronic effect also introduced by these two ortho methyls and finally leads to decreased activity in phenolates. This study revealed that there is correlation between the initiation characteristics of phenolates and the structures of their phenol ligands; QC calculation is a convenient, cheap, and helpful method to aid study on it. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Integrated technologies for archaeological investigation; the Celone Valley project
Authors: Ciminale Marcello , Becker Helmut , Gallo Danilo
Published: July 2007

A non‐intrusive investigation integrating complementary technologies was carried out at four vast archaeological settlements located in the northern part of Apulia (Southern Italy). An aerial photographic survey combined with a high‐resolution magnetic investigation was used to detect many buried archaeological features. After processing, both crop marks and magnetic anomalies appeared very sharp and well‐defined, outlining the shape and plan of the buried structures with notable accuracy. Furthermore, differential global positioning system measurements were carried out in order to geocode the magnetic grids, to orthorectify the oblique coloured photographs and to make these data sets suitable for input into a GIS; a very good spatial correlation and a more rigorous and comprehensive interpretation of the various data elements were attained. Finally, as a result of this combined and accurate multilayer analysis, an archaeological interpretation was proposed, enabling useful information to be obtained on the transformations that have occurred over time at these study sites. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zuschrift zu: Kitz, A., Jeromin, Chr.: Untersuchung zweier Sanierungsvarianten für den Trinkwasserbehälter HB Kunigundenruh in Bamberg.
Authors: Jahnke Hartwig , Jordan Sandra
Published: July 2007

Zuschrift zu: Beton‐ und Stahlbetonbau 102 (2007), Teil 1 in Heft 4, Seite 249–250, DOI:10.1002/best.200690027 und Teil 2 in Heft 5, Seite 330–331, DOI:10.1002/best.200690049.

Erwiderung der Autoren.
Validation of a two‐parameter quantitative structure–activity relationship as a legitimate tool for rational re‐design of horseradish peroxidase
Authors: Colosi Lisa M. , Huang Qingguo , Weber Walter J.
Published: July 2007

Previously reported rates of reaction between six mutant strains of the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and a test substrate, 2‐methoyxpyhenol, were found to correlate with characteristic binding distances computed using molecular simulation. The correlation (R2 = 0.86) bears out a working hypothesis that, based on a quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) we had previously developed for HRP, reductions in binding distances between the HRP enzyme and any selected substrate mediate increased enzyme reactivity towards that substrate. The results validate the use of QSAR as a quantitative means for formulating enzyme mutations designed to achieve enhanced HRP reactivity towards compounds of specific interest. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007; 98: 295–299. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gradient‐based shell generation and deformation
Authors: Huang Jin , Liu Xinguo , Jiang Haiyang , Wang Qing , Bao Hujun
Published: July 2007

Shell becomes popular in a variety of modeling techniques for representing small‐scale features and increasing visual complexity. Current shell generation algorithms do not measure the volume distortion for geometric texture mapping. And when the object deforms, it is very challenging for existing algorithms to wrap the space inside the shell without large artifacts. We propose an approach to these problems by minimizing the difference between the deformation gradient of the space in the shell and the rotation component of it. Because the shell space is warped as rigid as possible, small features embedded in the shell can be preserved well. Furthermore, our algorithm can achieve shell‐like object deformation. We introduce a novel hierarchical dimension reduction method to solve the involved nonlinear optimization problem efficiently. Finally, several examples are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of our algorithm. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ionic Liquids as Selectors for the Enhanced Detection of Proteins
Authors: Li Tao , Li Bingling , Dong Shaojun , Wang Erkang
Published: July 2007

Herein, we report an approach for protein detection enhanced by ionic liquid (IL) selectors in capillary electrophoresis (CE), with avidin as a model protein. Hydrophilic ILs were added into the running buffer of CE and acted as selectors for sample injection, enriching the positive target and excluding the negative from the capillary. When using 3 % (v/v) IL selector, the detection sensitivity of avidin was improved by over one order of magnitude, while the interference from protein adsorption was effectively avoided, even in an uncoated capillary. The electrochemiluminescence method was initially used for IL‐based CE with low noise that was independent of the IL concentration, making ILs almost transparent as additives in the electrophoresis buffer.
High‐Pressure Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Thermal Behavior of β‐Ln(BO2)3 (Ln: Nd, Sm, Gd).
Authors: Emme Holger , Heymann Gunter , Haberer Almut , Huppertz Hubert
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nanostructured SnSb/Carbon Nanotube Composites Synthesized by Reductive Precipitation for Lithium‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Park Min‐Sik , Needham Scott A. , Wang Guo‐Xiu , Kang Yong‐Mook , Park Jin‐Soo , Dou Shi‐Xue , Liu Hua‐Kun
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of BaAl2Si2.
Authors: Condron Cathie L. , Hope Haakon , Piccoli Paula M. B. , Schultz Arthur J. , Kauzlarich Susan M.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chiral Phosphine Oxide BINAPO as a Lewis Base Catalyst for Asymmetric Allylation and Aldol Reaction of Trichlorosilyl Compounds.
Authors: Kotani Shunsuke , Hashimoto Shunichi , Nakajima Makoto
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cadmium Chloride (CdCl2): An Efficient Catalyst for Conjugate Addition of Amines to Electron‐Poor Alkenes.
Authors: Vijender Medamoni , Kishore P. , Satyanarayana B.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Evidence of Some Unusual Behaviors of 2‐Aminothiazole and 2‐Aminobenzothiazole in Reactions with Formaldehyde and Glyoxal.
Authors: Ghandi Mehdi , Olyaei Abolfazl
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
BF3—OEt2‐Mediated Rearrangement of 4‐Substituted‐5,5‐diphenylazepan‐4‐ols.
Authors: Chang Meng‐Yang , Kung Yung‐Hua , Wu Tsun‐Cheng
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
UDCaT‐5: A Novel and Efficient Solid Superacid Catalyst for Claisen Rearrangement of Substituted Allyl Phenyl Ethers.
Authors: Yadav Ganapati D. , Lande Sharad V.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reaction of Anthranilic Acid with Thionyl Chloride: Iminoketene Intermediate Formation
Authors: Jacob Dominic E. , Mathew Lopez
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromochromate: A New and Efficient Oxidant for Organic Substrates.
Authors: Ghammamy Shahriar , Eimanieh Hossein , Mohammady Mohammad Kazem
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mild and Recyclable Hypervalent Iodine System for Oxidation of Alcohols.
Authors: Telvekar Vikas N. , Herlekar Omkar P.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ce(IV) Ammonium Nitrate Catalyzed Chemoselective Deprotection of Acetonides.
Authors: Jana S. , Roy S. C.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
PEG‐Supported Sulfonic Acid as an Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst for the Synthesis of 1,1‐Diacetates under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Wang Qiu‐Ying , Sheng Shou‐Ri , Wei Mei‐Hong , Xie Zhong‐Li , Liu Xiao‐Ling
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Green Synthesis of Tetraalkylammonium Tribromides Using Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) as Oxidant.
Authors: Borah Ruli , Thakur Ashim Jyoti
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Optically Active Bifunctional Building Blocks Through Enantioselective Copper‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation Using Grignard Reagents.
Authors: van Zijl Anthoni W. , Lopez Fernando , Minnaard Adriaan J. , Feringa Ben L.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric 1,4‐Addition Reaction of Arylboronic Acid to Eneone Catalyzed by Palladium with Ferrocene‐Based Phosphine Ligand.
Authors: Suzuma Yoshinori , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Ohta Tetsuo , Ito Yoshihiko
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Oxidation of O‐Methyl‐N‐hydroxylamines Using Monoamine Oxidase N as Catalyst.
Authors: Eve Tom S. C. , Wells Andrew , Turner Nicholas J.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Regioselective Monobromination of Free and Protected Phenols.
Authors: Pla Daniel , Albericio Fernando , Alvarez Mercedes
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New Versatile Synthesis of Esters from Grignard Reagents and Chloroformates.
Authors: Bottalico Daniela , Fiandanese Vito , Marchese Giuseppe , Punzi Angela
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Efficient and Chemoselective MoO3‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides and Sulfones with H2O2.
Authors: Khodaei Mohammad Mehdi , Bahrami Kiumars , Khedri Mohammad
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of a Sulfoximine with Aryl Dichlorides under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Harmata Michael , Hong Xuechuan
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
One‐Pot Preparation of Unsymmetrical Biaryls via Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Aryl Halide Using Phase‐Transfer Catalyst in a Biphasic Solvent System.
Authors: Miura Masanori , Koike Takanori , Ishihara Tsukasa , Sakamoto Shuichi , Okada Minoru , Ohta Mitsuaki , Tsukamoto Shin‐ichi
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
[1,1′‐Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene] dichloropalladium/1,1′‐Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene Catalyzed Synthesis of 2,3‐Diamino‐1,4‐naphthoquinones.
Authors: Wang Xiao Lei , Zheng Xiu Fang , Wang Lei , Reiner John , Xie Wei Lin , Chang Jun Biao
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Remarkably Mild and Efficient Intramolecular Friedel—Crafts Cyclization Catalyzed by In(III).
Authors: Hayashi Ryuji , Cook Gregory R.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Aziridinyl Vinyl Ketones from the Asymmetric Catalytic Aziridination Reaction.
Authors: Deng Yonghong , Lee Young Rok , Newman Cory A. , Wulff William D.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Organocatalytic Direct Aldol and Nitroaldol Reactions Between Azetidine‐2,3‐diones and Ketones or Nitromethane.
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Luna Amparo
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
One‐Pot Reformatsky‐Imine Addition Reaction Leading to the Synthesis of Structurally Diverse β‐Lactams.
Authors: Rajput Jaspreet , Singh Baldev , Singal Kewal Krishan
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Improved Syntheses of N‐Desmethylcitalopram (II) and N,N‐Didesmethylcitalopram (VII).
Authors: Jin Chunyang , Boldt Karl G. , Rehder Kenneth S. , Brine George A.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Copper‐Mediated N‐Arylation of Electron‐Deficient Pyrroles and Indoles.
Authors: Bekolo Henri
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Practical and Efficient Synthesis of Various meso‐Functionalized Porphyrins via Simple Ligand‐Free Nickel‐Catalyzed C—O, C—N, and C—C Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Liu Chao , Shen Dong‐Mei , Chen Qing‐Yun
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient Synthesis of Bis(indolyl) Methanes in Aqueous Medium Catalyzed by Molybdenyl Acetylacetonate.
Authors: Banerjee B. , Mandal S. K. , Roy S. C.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel Synthesis of Indole Derivatives by the Reaction of N‐Arylhydroxamic Acids with Malononitrile.
Authors: Tomioka Yukihiko , Ohkubo Kimiko , Maruoka Hiroshi
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Regiospecific Synthesis of 5‐(1H‐Indol‐2‐yl)‐1‐ and 2‐Methyl‐6,7‐dihydro‐2H‐indazole Isomers.
Authors: Dandu Reddeppareddy , Tao Ming , Josef Kurt A. , Bacon Edward R. , Hudkins Robert L.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Iodine—Magnesium Exchange on Unprotected Imidazoles in the Presence of LiCl.
Authors: Kopp Felix , Knochel Paul
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of New 1,3‐Bis(heteroaryl)‐4,5‐imidazolidinediones Through Reaction of N,N′‐Bis(heteroaryl)methanediamines with Oxalyl Chloride.
Authors: Ghandi Mehdi , Salimi Farshid
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Convenient Synthesis of 5‐Alkylthio‐3,4‐diarylisoxazoles by Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Eskandari Roozbeh , Navidpour Latifeh , Amini Mohsen , Shafaroodi Hamed , Shafiee Abbas
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Convenient Synthesis of 3,5‐Disubstituted Isoxazoles.
Authors: Kurangi Reshma F. , Kawthankar Rima , Sawal Sulfala , Desai Vidya G. , Tilve Santosh G.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Expeditious Synthesis of Methyl 5‐(2‐Amino 4‐arylthiazolyl) Acetates Using Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Attimarad Mahesh , Mohan S.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Sonochemical Synthesis of 1,4‐Disubstituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles in Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Sreedhar B. , Reddy P. Surendra
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Pseudoiridolactones.
Authors: Guerrab Zineb , Daou Boujemaa , Fkih‐Tetouani Souad , Ahmar Mohammed , Cazes Bernard
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Some 1,4‐Dihydropyridine and Their Derivatives as Antihypertensive Agents.
Authors: Pattan Shashikant R. , Rasal V. P. , Venkatramana N. V. , Khade A. B. , Butle S. R. , Jadhav S. G. , Desai B. G. , Manvi F. V.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Facile Synthesis of 7‐Methoxy‐2‐aryl‐3‐phenyl/or‐H‐8‐ [2‐(4,6‐dimethyl‐3,5‐dicarbethoxy‐pyridyl)]‐4H‐1‐benzopyran‐4‐ones.
Authors: Soni Anil Kumar , Krupadanam G. L. David , Srimannarayana G.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Trifluoroacetic Acids as an Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Quinoline.
Authors: Shaabani Ahmad , Soleimani Ebrahim , Badri Zahra
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Substituted 4‐Azaisoindoles — New Tacrine Analogues.
Authors: Bekolo Henri , Kirsch Gilbert
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Thiophene Analogues of the Tacrine Series.
Authors: Thomae David , Kirsch Gilbert , Seck Pierre
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.