bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Viscoelastic Deformability Cytometry: Ultra-high Throughput Platform for Mechanical Phenotyping of Cells in Liquid and Solid Biopsies
Authors: Asghari Mohammad , Ivetich Sarah Duclos , Aslan Mahmut Kamil , Aramesh Morteza , Oleksandr Melkonyan , Meng Yingchao , Xu Rong , Colombo Monica , Weiss Tobias , Balabanov Stefan , Stavrakis Stavros , deMello Andew J.
Published: November 2023

Due to the differences in mechanical properties between cancer cells and their benign counterparts, the mechanical characteristics of cells have emerged as a significant feature in diagnosing cancer. Consequently, measuring cell deformability as a means of mechanical phenotyping is promising for both the detection and classification of the disease. However, performing high-throughput single-cell deformability measurements on liquid or solid tissue biopsies remains a significant challenge within a clinical setting. Herein, we introduce an ultra-high throughput viscoelastic-based microfluidic platform to measure the cell mechanical properties at rates of up to 100,000 cells/s. Thanks to the viscoelastic property of the fluid, cells are focused and deformed within the same platform obviating the need for any sheath fluid. We used the presented platform for cell phenotyping in both liquid and solid tumor biopsies, such as identification of malignant lymphocytes in peripheral blood samples and glioblastoma-type cell classification from solid tumor samples. The presented platform has the potential to open new opportunities in the assessment of cancer, enable precise mechanical profiling of rare cells, and facilitate sensitive diagnostic applications.
Characterization of the SF3B1–SUGP1 interface reveals how numerous cancer mutations cause mRNA missplicing
Authors: Zhang Jian , Xie Jindou , Huang Ji , Liu Xiangyang , Xu Ruihong , Tholen Jonas , Galej Wojciech P. , Tong Liang , Manley James L. , Liu Zhaoqi
Published: November 2023

The spliceosomal geneSF3B1is frequently mutated in cancer. While it is known thatSF3B1hotspot mutations lead to loss of splicing factor SUGP1 from spliceosomes, the cancer-relevant SF3B1–SUGP1 interaction has not been characterized. To address this issue, we show by structural modeling that two regions flanking the SUGP1 G-patch make numerous contacts with the region of SF3B1 harboring hotspot mutations. Experiments confirmed that all the cancer-associated mutations in these regions, as well as mutations affecting other residues in the SF3B1–SUGP1 interface, not only weaken or disrupt the interaction but also alter splicing similarly toSF3B1cancer mutations. Finally, structural modeling of a trimeric protein complex reveals that the SF3B1–SUGP1 interaction “loops out” the G-patch for interaction with the helicase DHX15. Our study thus provides an unprecedented molecular view of a protein complex essential for accurate splicing and also reveals that numerous cancer-associated mutations disrupt the critical SF3B1–SUGP1 interaction.
Characterization of meiotic recombination intermediates through gene knockouts in founder hybrid mice
Authors: Davies Benjamin , Zhang Gang , Moralli Daniela , Alghadban Samy , Biggs Daniel , Preece Chris , Donnelly Peter , Hinch Anjali Gupta
Published: November 2023

Mammalian meiotic recombination proceeds via repair of hundreds of programmed DNA double-strand breaks, which requires choreographed binding of RPA, DMC1, and RAD51 to single-stranded DNA substrates. High-resolution in vivo binding maps of these proteins provide insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms. When assayed in F1-hybrid mice, these maps can distinguish the broken chromosome from the chromosome used as template for repair, revealing more mechanistic detail and enabling the structure of the recombination intermediates to be inferred. By applying CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis directly on F1-hybrid embryos, we have extended this approach to explore the molecular detail of recombination when a key component is knocked out. As a proof of concept, we have generated hybrid biallelic knockouts ofDmc1and built maps of meiotic binding of RAD51 and RPA in them. DMC1 is essential for meiotic recombination, and comparison of these maps with those from wild-type mice is informative about the structure and timing of critical recombination intermediates. We observe redistribution of RAD51 binding and complete abrogation of D-loop recombination intermediates at a molecular level inDmc1mutants. These data provide insight on the configuration of RPA in D-loop intermediates and suggest that stable strand exchange proceeds via multiple rounds of strand invasion with template switching in mouse. Our methodology provides a high-throughput approach for characterization of gene function in meiotic recombination at low animal cost.
Information seeking and personal information management behaviors as scaffolding during life transitions: the case of early-career researchers
Authors: Alon Lilach
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The study investigates the information-related challenges as well as the practices adopted by early-career researchers during transitions between roles and institutions. Its primary goal is to delve into how information behaviors serve as scaffolding during significant life shifts. Moreover, the research aims to provide actionable insights based on this scaffolding concept for individuals navigating transitions.

Design/methodology/approach

This preliminary and exploratory study took a phenomenological approach to examine the role of information seeking and personal information management (PIM) behaviors during life transitions. In-depth semi-structured interviews were held with 15 early-career researchers from various disciplines, who were about to finish their PhDs or had recently graduated.

Findings

By employing information seeking and PIM practices, participants were able to address three main information challenges that arose during the transition process: the timing of information behavior, the nature of information and the social components of the transition. The use of networked and independent information seeking/validation practices enabled to establish a sustainable network of transition-related information, reducing uncertainty. PIM practices helped planning the transition, maintaining information over the long-term and gaining control over personal information.

Originality/value

This study underscores the significance of information behaviors, encompassing both information seeking and PIM, as scaffolding mechanisms during crucial life transitions. It offers essential insights that can guide the creation of impactful interventions and resources. Additionally, the research illuminates the pressing demand for more in-depth exploration in this domain.
An investigation into knowledge management adoption and sustainable competitive advantage in an emerging market economy
Authors: Almalki Mohammed , Al-Shammari Minwir
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Organizations sustain competitiveness by improving product or service quality, performing efficiently or innovating. This paper aims to investigate the relationship between knowledge management (KM) and sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) in business organizations in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The KM initiatives are categorized into knowledge creation, knowledge storage, knowledge transfer and knowledge application. Employees’ attitudes toward workplace knowledge resources are derived from their perceptions of their importance, usefulness and ease of use.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper adopts a cross-sectional survey design. Data is collected via an electronic questionnaire developed using Google Forms. Purposive sampling used a list of 122 business organizations. Ninety responses were received and taken into consideration for data analysis.

Findings

Spearman correlation analysis and partial least square structural equation modeling revealed a positive association between KM and SCA. This study reflected a positive association between employees’ attitudes toward knowledge resources and sustaining organizations’ competitive advantages.

Originality/value

In Bahrain, empirical studies still need to be developed to explore KM in business organizations and investigate its association with SCA. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the relationship between KM and the sustainability of quality, efficiency and innovation-based competitive advantages in business organizations in an emerging economy context.
Financial development and renewable energy deployment in sub-Saharan African countries
Authors: Diallo Souleymane , Ouoba Youmanli
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The underdevelopment of the financial sector could be one of the barriers to the deployment of renewable energies in developing countries. The purpose of this paper is therefore to analyse the effect of financial development in the deployment of renewable energies in sub-Saharan African countries.

Design/methodology/approach

The empirical analysis is based on a production approach and a cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributive lag error correction model estimate for 25 sub-Saharan African countries over the period 1990–2018. The augmented mean group (AMG) and common correlated effects mean group (CCEMG) estimators were used for the robustness analysis.

Findings

Two results emerge: financial development contributes positively to renewable energy deployment in sub-Saharan African countries in the short and long run; and fossil fuel dependence impedes significantly renewable energy deployment in the short and long run. The robustness analyses using the AMG and CCEMG methods confirm these results.

Practical implications

These results suggest the need for policies to support and strengthen the development of the financial sector to improve its ability to effectively finance investments in renewable energy technologies.

Originality

The originality of this paper lies in the fact that the analysis is based on a renewable energy production approach. Indeed, the level of renewable energy deployment is measured by the production and not the consumption of renewable energy, unlike other previous work. In addition, this research uses recent econometric estimation techniques that overcome the problems of cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity.
The Indonesian national family planning program: progress and remaining challenges in implementing a rights-based approach
Authors: Utomo Budi , Rahayu Sukma , Liyanto Elvira , Romadlona Nohan Arum , Nuryana Dewi , Aryanty Riznawaty Imma , Hidayat Melania , Sariastuti Anggraini , Gayatri Maria , Magnani Robert
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Indonesia subscribes to rights-based principles of family planning. However, a chasm between principles and practice has long been noted on a global basis, and progress has not been well-documented. This paper aims to assess the extent to which the Indonesian national family planning program has evolved in a manner that is consistent with rights-based principles.

Design/methodology/approach

The primary source of data was five Indonesian Demographic Health Surveys undertaken from 1997 to 2017. The analyses were organized around three major categories of family planning-related human rights. Trend analysis and logistic regression were used in analyzing the data.

Findings

Indonesian women have considerable autonomy in family planning decision, reporting that family planning decisions were mainly made by themselves or jointly with their spouse. Although contraceptive method awareness and demand for family planning are high, Indonesia fares poorly with regard to informed choice in contraceptive method selection. Access to family planning services is comparatively high as judged by contraceptive prevalence, family planning demand satisfaction and unmet need for family planning. However, significant geographic and socioeconomic inequity were observed on many indicators, with eastern Indonesian provinces consistently lagging behind.

Research limitations/implications

This paper focuses on married couple, as Indonesia has a restrictive policy to limiting access and information of family planning for other groups, unmarried youth in particular.

Originality/value

This paper makes an important contribution to document how effectively the prohuman rights policy orientation toward family planning has been translated into services.
How job autonomy influences life satisfaction: the role of work-family enrichment and segmentation preference
Authors: Ma The-Ngan , Vu Hong Van
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Drawing on conservation of resources theory, this study aims to develop and test a model of moderated mediation in the relationship between job autonomy and employee life satisfaction, focusing on the mediating role of work–family enrichment (WFE) and the moderating role of segmentation preference.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a time-lagged research design, data were collected from 314 employees representing various organisations in Vietnam. The PROCESS macro in SPSS 20.0 was used to analyse the relationships.

Findings

The results indicate a positive relationship between job autonomy and employees’ life satisfaction, mediated by WFE. Additionally, the indirect effect of job autonomy on life satisfaction via WFE was weaker when employees preferred high work–family segmentation.

Practical implications

The study suggests that organisations can enhance employee life satisfaction by increasing job autonomy and promoting WFE. Organisations can establish a more supportive and engaging work environment that promotes well-being by tailoring these interventions to suit employees’ segmentation preferences.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature by shedding light on how organisational factors influence employee life satisfaction. It provides the first empirical evidence of a relationship between job autonomy and life satisfaction. It also explores the potential mediation effect of WFE and the moderating effect of segmentation preference.
Remittance flows and welfare implications: the Nigerian experience
Authors: Nwodo Ikenna Paulinus , Omeje Ambrose Nnaemeka , Okereke Chukwu Ugwu
Published: November 2023

Purpose

In Africa, recent data show that Nigeria is the second top remittance recipient behind Egypt, but welfare seems deteriorating. Most related reviewed literature is micro-based with surveys, giving credence to the dearth of macro-based literature whose gap this study attempted to fill. Thus, the main purpose of this study is to examine remittance flows and its welfare implications in Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used quarterly data (1980Q1–2020Q4) from World Development Indicators (2020) and applied the dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) model.

Findings

Remittance flows were found to be significantly improving the welfare of Nigerians by about 0.04% for a percentage remittance increase. Financial sector development results show that while loans decrease welfare per individual significantly by 0.25% given a 1% increase in the loans accessible by the private sector, a percentage increase in broad money supply in circulation raises welfare per individual significantly by about 0.43%.

Practical implications

Since remittance is found to improve welfare, the study recommends that relevant stakeholders should endeavor to eliminate all form of bottlenecks (payment delays, remitting costs, transfer delays, poor policies and policy inconsistencies) inherent in remitting funds back to Nigeria. The implication of this is that if the impediments are minimized, remittances are bound to rise which will ultimately lead to improved welfare.

Originality/value

The existing literature revealed that there exists very limited or no macro-based study in this context, hence this novelty study.
Tribological performance of maintenance-free Cu-Sn-Ni-MoS2 composites over a wide temperature range
Authors: Zhao Yingxiang , Guo Junde , Yan Xiaoni , Du Shan , Gong Min , Sun Biao , Shi Junwen , Deng Wen
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the friction and wear mechanisms in copper-based self-lubricating composites with MoS2 as the lubricating phase, which provides a theoretical basis for subsequent research on high-performance copper-based self-lubricating materials.

Design/methodology/approach

Friction tests were performed at a speed of 100 r/min, a load of 10 N, a friction radius of 5 mm and a sliding speed of 30 min. Friction experiments were carried out at RT-500°C. The phase composition of the samples was characterized by X-ray diffraction of Cu Ka radiation, and the microstructure, morphology and elemental distribution were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Reactants and valences formed during the wear process were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Findings

The addition of MoS2 can effectively improve friction-reducing and anti-wear action of the matrix, which is beneficial to form a lubricating film on the sliding track. After analyzing different changing mechanism of the sliding tracks, the oxides and sulfides of MoS2, MoO2, Cu2O, CuO and Ni(OH)2 were detected to form a synergetic lubricating film on the sliding track, which is responsible for the excellent tribological properties from room to elevated temperature.

Research limitations/implications

For self-lubrication Cu–Sn–Ni–MoS2 material in engineering field, there are still few available references on high-temperature application.

Practical implications

This paper provides a theoretical basis for the following research on copper-based self-lubricating materials with high performance.

Originality/value

With this statement, the authors hereby certify that the manuscript is the results of their own effort and ability. They have indicated all quotes, citations and references. Furthermore, the authors have not submitted any essay, paper or thesis with similar content elsewhere. No conflict of interest exits in the submission of this manuscript.
Public firm presence, growth opportunity and investment in fixed intangible assets of private UK firms
Authors: Danso Albert , Adu-Ameyaw Emmanuel , Boateng Agyenim , Iyiola Bolaji
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Prior studies suggest that, in an industry in which several public firms operate (i.e. greater public firm presence), uncertainty about business operations within the industry is reduced due to greater analyst coverage and quality of information disclosure. In this study, the authors examine how UK private firms respond to investment opportunities in fixed intangible assets (FIAs) in an environment characterised by greater public firm presence (PFP).

Design/methodology/approach

Using data from 61,278 (1,358) private (public) UK firms operating in ten sectors spanning from 2006 to 2016, the authors conduct this analysis by using panel econometric techniques.

Findings

The authors observe that private firms are more responsive to their FIA investment opportunities when they operate in industries with more PFP. Also, the authors find that firms in industries with better information quality use more debt and have longer debt maturity security but less internal cash flow. Overall, the findings indicate that PFP generates positive externalities for private firms by lessening industry uncertainty and enhancing more efficient FIA investment. The results are robust to endogeneity concerns.

Research limitations/implications

A key limitation of the study is that it focuses on a single country (the UK) and therefore there is a likelihood that the results found are specific to this setting but not others, particularly developing and emerging economies. Thus, future studies could explore these ideas from the viewpoint of multiple countries.

Practical implications

Overall, the study demonstrates the importance of information disclosure in driving investment decisions of firms.

Originality/value

While this paper builds on the information disclosure and corporate investment literature, it is one of the first attempts, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, to explore how private UK firms respond to investment in FIAs in an environment characterised by greater PFP.
How to leverage flexibility-oriented HRM systems to build organizational resilience in the digital era: the mediating role of intellectual capital
Authors: Li Xiadi , Lin Hanchuan
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of flexibility-oriented human resource management (FHRM) systems on intellectual capital and organizational resilience. This study also examines the moderating effect of digital capability on the relationship between intellectual capital and organizational resilience.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 219 Chinese businesses in the Yangtze River Delta region of China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to verify the validity and reliability of the measurements, and hypotheses were tested using hierarchical regression.

Findings

The empirical results show that FHRM systems are positively correlated with intellectual capital and organizational resilience. Intellectual capital mediates the link between FHRM systems and organizational resilience. Moreover, digital capability serves as a positive moderator between intellectual capital and organizational resilience.

Originality/value

From the perspectives of resilience theory, the resource-based view and the theory of dynamic capabilities, this study is among the first to identify the process mechanism by which FHRM systems affect organizational resilience through intellectual capital. Digital capability is introduced as a situational factor for understanding the effect of intellectual capital on organizational resilience, which provides new insights for further research.
It takes two to tango: a multidisciplinary bibliometric review across six decades of dyadic service encounter research
Authors: Walker David D. , Kim Su Kyung (Irene) , van Jaarsveld Danielle D. , Restubog Simon Lloyd D. , Marrone Mauricio , Lagios Constantin , Mehdipour Arman Michael
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The authors systematically review empirical dyadic service encounter research published in top-tier journals between 1972 and 2022.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors employed bibliometric techniques, co-citation analysis and bibliographic coupling analysis to map schools of thought and research frontiers within the dyadic service encounter literature. In total, the authors analyzed 155 articles. To ensure inclusion of high-quality research, the authors screened articles from 139 journals with “4” or “4*” ratings on the 2021 Chartered Association of Business Schools (ABS) journal list, in addition to articles published in three service sector-specific journals: Journal of Service Management, Journal of Services Marketing and Journal of Service Theory and Practice.

Findings

The authors' co-citation analysis identified four distinct clusters within the dyadic service encounter literature: (1) shaping and explaining service encounters; (2) emotions in service work; (3) modeling, manipulating and measuring encounter service quality and (4) emotional labor and regulation in dyadic service encounters. Furthermore, the authors' bibliographic coupling analysis generated three research clusters: (1) service encounter characteristics; (2) emotions and emotional labor and (3) service encounter interaction content.

Originality/value

The authors' comprehensive review synthesizes knowledge, summarizing similarities among research clusters within the service encounter realm. Noteworthy are research clusters that clarify the emotion-based underpinnings and reciprocal nature of behaviors and emotions within dyadic encounters. By conducting complementary bibliometric analyses, the authors trace the evolution of the service encounter literature, providing an overview of the present state of dyadic service encounter research. These analyses offer valuable insights into the current landscape of the field, identifying future dyadic service encounter research opportunities.
Overcoming challenges of embedding child and youth mental health research in community NHS services
Authors: Tazzini Gabriella , Gee Brioney , Wilson Jon , Weber Francesca , Brown Alex , Clarke Tim , Chatburn Eleanor
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the barriers and facilitators of conducting and implementing research in frontline child and youth mental health settings in the UK.

Design/methodology/approach

Researchers, clinicians and commissioners who attended a workshop at the Big Emerging Minds Summit in October 2022 provided their expert views on the structural barriers and possible solutions to integrating research in clinical practice based on their experiences of child and young people mental health research.

Findings

The identified barriers encompass resource constraints, administrative burdens and misalignment of research priorities, necessitating concerted efforts to foster a research-supportive culture. This paper proposes the potential actionable solutions aimed at overcoming challenges, which are likely applicable across various other health-care systems and frontline NHS services. Solutions include ways to bridge the gap between research and practice, changing perceptions of research, inclusive engagement and collaboration, streamlining ethics processes, empowering observational research and tailored communication strategies. Case examples are outlined to substantiate the themes presented and highlight successful research initiatives within NHS Trusts.

Originality/value

This paper provides an insight into the views of stakeholders in child and youth mental health. The themes will hopefully support and influence clinicians and academics to come together to improve the integration of research into clinical practice with the hope of improving service provision and outcomes for our children and young people.
Alexa, may I adopt you? The role of voice assistant empathy and user-perceived risk in customer service delivery
Authors: Coker Kesha K. , Thakur Ramendra
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Powered by artificial intelligence, voice assistants (VAs), such as Alexa, Siri and Cortona, are at early-stage adoption rates in service contexts. Customers express hesitance in using the technology. Furthermore, the effect of a relevant variable (VA empathy) as a determinant of VAs is not widely researched. This study aims to extend the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) and social response theory (SRT) to propose and test a conceptual model of the role of customer perceptions of VA empathy and risk on VA adoption and usage intensity.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, data were collected from 387 VA users in the USA using a survey administered through Amazon MTurk. Data cleaning retained a final n = 318 for structural equation modeling analysis.

Findings

Findings show that perceived VA empathy enhances customers’ attitude toward VA and drives adoption, thereby increasing VA usage intensity. Perceived risk is a moderator; users with high perceptions of VA empathy have greater VA adoption rates when they have high (vs low) risk perceptions of using VA.

Originality/value

This research is one of the first known studies to provide empirical evidence of the role of customer perceptions of VA empathy and risk on VA adoption in service delivery. It goes beyond VA adoption research to provide empirical evidence of the impact of VA adoption on actual usage intensity. By extending the UTAUT and SRT, this research adds to the theoretical foundation for research on VA adoption, offering practical insights for firms regarding empathetic VA design to enhance customer service delivery.
Current state and predicted technological trends in global railway intelligent digital transformation
Authors: Li Ping , Xue Rui , Shao Sai , Zhu Yuhao , Liu Yi
Published: November 2023

Purpose

In recent years, railway systems worldwide have faced challenges such as the modernization of engineering projects, efficient management of intelligent digital railway equipment, rapid growth in passenger and freight transport demands, customized transport services and ubiquitous transport safety. The transformation toward intelligent digital transformation in railways has emerged as an effective response to the formidable challenges confronting the railway industry, thereby becoming an inevitable global trend in railway development.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper, therefore, conducts a comprehensive analysis of the current state of global railway intelligent digital transformation, focusing on the characteristics and applications of intelligent digital transformation technology. It summarizes and analyzes relevant technologies and applicable scenarios in the realm of railway intelligent digital transformation, theoretically elucidating the development process of global railway intelligent digital transformation and, in practice, providing guidance and empirical examples for railway intelligence and digital transformation.

Findings

Digital and intelligent technologies follow a wave-like pattern of continuous iterative evolution, progressing from the early stages, to a period of increasing attention and popularity, then to a phase of declining interest, followed by a resurgence and ultimately reaching a mature stage.

Originality/value

The results offer reference and guidance to fully leverage the opportunities presented by the latest wave of the digitalization revolution, accelerate the overall upgrade of the railway industry and promote global collaborative development in railway intelligent digital transformation.
Simultaneous analysis of seven 16S rRNA hypervariable gene regions increases efficiency in marine bacterial diversity detection
Authors: Leontidou Kleopatra , Abad‐Recio Ion L. , Rubel Verena , Filker Sabine , Däumer Martin , Thielen Alexander , Lanzén Anders , Stoeck Thorsten
Published: November 2023

Environmental DNA sequencing is the gold standard to reveal microbial community structures. In most applications, a one‐fragment PCR approach is applied to amplify a taxonomic marker gene, usually a hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. We used a new reverse complement (RC)‐PCR‐based assay that amplifies seven out of the nine hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene, to interrogate bacterial communities in sediment samples collected from different coastal marine sites with an impact gradient. In parallel, we employed a traditional one‐fragment analysis of the hypervariable V3–V4 region to investigate whether the RC‐PCR reveals more of the ‘unseen’ diversity obtained by the one‐fragment approach. As a benchmark for the full deck of diversity, we subjected the samples to PCR‐free metagenomic sequencing. None of the two PCR‐based approaches recorded the full taxonomic repertoire obtained from the metagenomics datasets. However, the RC‐PCR approach detected 2.8 times more bacterial genera compared to the near‐saturation sequenced V3–V4 samples. RC‐PCR is an ideal compromise between the standard one‐fragment approach and metagenomics sequencing and may guide future environmental sequencing studies, in which bacterial diversity is a central subject.
Quantifying the effects of Anthropocene activities on Mexican endemic amphibians
Authors: Camarena‐Hérnandez A. , Ochoa‐Ochoa L. M. , Yáñez‐Arenas C.
Published: November 2023

In order to make robust and feasible conservation plans, assessments of species' vulnerability or risk of extinction are ideally needed. However, there are wide differences in the criteria used to assess species vulnerability. Recently, a growing approach seeks to understand the patterns of biodiversity loss using life history traits because these traits show differential responses to environmental disturbances. In order to generate a functional vulnerability assessment for Mexican endemic amphibians, we integrated information from species distribution modeling, functional traits, and spatially explicit threats weighted differentially for each functional group. We obtained 124 distribution models evaluated by species, nine functional groups that represent the differential risk of species against anthropic threats, and 124 layers of spatial vulnerability. We found a generalized presence of threats to amphibians throughout the Mexican territory, highlighting the center of the country as the most affected area, while the southeast and north had a lower level of anthropic activity. We found differential vulnerability values in the distributions of Mexican endemic amphibians. In general, the anthropogenic impact on the distribution of Mexican endemic amphibians is high, and the percentage of habitat loss ranges from 51 to 97%, with an average of 83% lost to anthropogenic pressures. The functional group with the greatest loss of distributional area was found in the salamander genus Ambystoma, while functional groups 2 (frogs with arboreal habits, small size, and reproduction and development in bodies of water) and 4 (small or medium size frogs occupying terrestrial or riparian habitats with oviposition and development occurring in bodies of water or phytotelms) maintain the largest remaining suitable area after considering the threats. We present a replicable methodology that can be implemented anywhere, providing a new tool to generate specific layers that represent threats to functional groups. This allows for updated assessments of species distribution models that can be used in conservation planning, offering more robust data to make conservation planning decisions.
Revalue, reintegrate and reempower seniors: Educational level and continuing training make a difference
Authors: Campos‐García Irene
Published: November 2023

In recent years, the proportion of the active population over 55 years of age has increased and, with it, early retirement, unemployment of older workers and senior “push” entrepreneurs. Given the repercussions at a social and economic level, the debate about the need to recover and keep seniors in the labour market is becoming increasingly rife. The aim of this study is to evaluate the evolution and European tendency towards the training and reintegration of seniors and demomstrate how formal education and continuous training can make a difference when it comes to prolonging their working life and subordinate their conditions and employment opportunities. Data from the European Working Conditions Survey between 2010 and 2021 are used and a descriptive statistical analysis and a hypotheses contrast are carried out using the Student's t test. The results show: (1) a greater effort to train and revalue seniors; and (2) that educational level and training generate significant differences in terms of the type of tasks to be performed and some variables that condition job satisfaction.
Predator‐driven behavioural shifts in a common lizard shape resource‐flow from marine to terrestrial ecosystems
Authors: Lapiedra Oriol , Morales Nina , Yang Louie H. , Fernández‐Bellon Darío , Michaelides Sozos N. , Giery Sean T. , Piovia‐Scott Jonah , Schoener Thomas W. , Kolbe Jason J. , Losos Jonathan B.
Published: November 2023

Foraging decisions shape the structure of food webs. Therefore, a behavioural shift in a single species can potentially modify resource‐flow dynamics of entire ecosystems. To examine this, we conducted a field experiment to assess foraging niche dynamics of semi‐arboreal brown anole lizards in the presence/absence of predatory ground‐dwelling curly‐tailed lizards in a replicated set of island ecosystems. One year after experimental translocation, brown anoles exposed to these predators had drastically increased perch height and reduced consumption of marine‐derived food resources. This foraging niche shift altered marine‐to‐terrestrial resource‐flow dynamics and persisted in the diets of the first‐generation offspring. Furthermore, female lizards that displayed more risk‐taking behaviours consumed more marine prey on islands with predators present. Our results show how predator‐driven rapid behavioural shifts can alter food‐web connectivity between oceanic and terrestrial ecosystems and underscore the importance of studying behaviour‐mediated niche shifts to understand ecosystem functioning in rapidly changing environments.
Apparel and interiors student perceptions of class engagement, class motivation, and job preparedness
Authors: Markova Ivana , Vouchilas Gus
Published: November 2023

This mixed‐method study analyzed student perceptions of engagement, motivation, and job preparedness in online courses. Results indicate that interior design students felt more engaged than apparel students. In addition, apparel student motivation and sense of job preparedness were lower than those of interior design students. Engagement and motivation are critical factors affecting learning. Students felt overall they were more engaged in synchronous, rather than asynchronous, courses. It is important to consider the proper mode to ensure students feel prepared for their industries of choice.
Metabolic management after sustained virologic response in elderly patients with hepatitis C virus: A multicenter study
Authors: Sano Tomoya , Amano Keisuke , Ide Tatsuya , Isoda Hiroshi , Honma Yuichi , Morita Yasuyo , Yano Yoichi , Nakamura Hiroki , Itano Satoshi , Miyajima Ichiro , Shirachi Miki , Kuwahara Reiichiro , Ohno Miki , Kawaguchi Toshihiro , Tsutsumi Tsubasa , Nakano Dan , Arinaga‐Hino Teruko , Kawaguchi Machiko , Eguchi Yuichiro , Torimura Takuji , Takahashi Hirokazu , Harada Masaru , Kawaguchi Takumi ,   SAKS Study Group
Published: November 2023

Aims

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops even in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) eradication by direct‐acting antiviral agents. Fatty liver and metabolic dysfunction are becoming major etiologies of HCC. We aimed to evaluate the impact of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a new definition of steatotic liver disease, on the development of HCC after HCV eradication.

Methods

We enrolled 1280 elderly patients with HCV eradication and no history of HCC. We evaluated α‐fetoprotein (AFP), Fibrosis‐4 index and MASLD after 24 weeks of sustained virological response. Decision tree analysis was used to investigate factors associated with HCC development after HCV eradication.

Results

A total of 86 patients (6.7%) developed HCC during the follow‐up period (35.8 ± 23.7 months). On multivariate analysis, serum AFP level (HR 1.08, CI 1.04–1.11, P = 0.0008), Fibrosis‐4 index (HR 1.17, CI 1.08–1.26, P = 0.0007), and MASLD (HR 3.04, CI 1.40–6.58, P = 0.0125) at 24 weeks of sustained virological response were independent factors associated with HCC development. In decision tree analysis, the initial classifier for HCC development was AFP ≥7 ng/mL. However, in patients with AFP <7 ng/mL, MASLD, rather than Fibrosis‐4 index, was the classifier for HCC development. No significant difference was observed in the cumulative incidence of HCC between patients with AFP ≥7 ng/mL and patients with AFP <7 ng/mL and MASLD.

Conclusion

MASLD at 24 weeks of sustained virological response is a risk factor for HCC development in elderly patients with HCV eradication. Additionally, decision tree analysis revealed that MASLD was associated with HCC development, even in patients with serum AFP levels <7 ng/mL.
Predictors of periapical bone healing associated with teeth having large periapical lesions following nonsurgical root canal treatment or retreatment: A cone beam computed tomography‐based retrospective study
Authors: Mosquera‐Barreiro Carolina , Ruíz‐Piñón Manuel , Sans Francesc Abella , Nagendrababu Venkateshbabu , Vinothkumar Thilla Sekar , Martín‐González Jenifer , Martín‐Biedma Benjamín , Castelo‐Baz Pablo
Published: November 2023

Aim

Several factors influence the condition of the periapical tissues associated with root filled teeth. The primary objective of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the extent and speed of bone healing of large periapical lesions associated with nonsurgical root canal treatment or retreatment. The secondary objective was to analyse the relationship between the time to complete healing when analysed using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and other possible predictors that affect healing.

Methodology

Seventy‐nine patients were treated during the years 2013–2020 with large periapical lesions of endodontic origin (10–15 mm) as observed on intraoral periapical radiographs (IOPAR) were included. IOPAR and CBCT were available before treatment and during the follow‐up (IOPAR every 6 months and CBCT every 12 months). The volume of periapical lesions was calculated by OsiriX Lite software. Variables such as initial volume of the lesion, age, gender, type of treatment or type of root canal filling were compared to identify the differences between healed and unhealed lesions. Pearson's Chi‐square test was used for categorical variables, the t‐test for age and the Wilcoxon test for initial volume of the lesion. The association between time to healing and the variables was assessed using univariate analysis and multivariate analysis. The Wilcoxon test was used to observe the association of healing time with categorical variables and the correlation index was measured with the quantitative variables.

Results

Of the 79 cases analysed, 60 lesions (76%) were completely healed as verified by CBCT in a mean healing time of 19 months, of which 60% healed fully between 12 and 18 months. Increase in age of patient and larger initial volume of the lesion were associated with a significantly longer healing time (p < .001). Gender, filling material and type of treatment did not have a significant effect on the healing process (p > .05).

Conclusions

Clinicians should be aware that periapical lesions in older patients and larger areas of bone loss take longer to heal. CBCT monitoring of large periapical lesions is critical and it can help clinicians in the decision‐making process.
Decision‐making experiences related to mastectomy: A descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Liu Jing , Chan Sally Wai‐Chi , Guo Dongmei , Lin Qin , Hunter Sharyn , Zhu Jiemin , Lee Regina Lai Tong
Published: November 2023

Aim

To obtain an in‐depth understanding of women's decision‐making experiences related to mastectomy.

Design

A descriptive qualitative interview study.

Methods

Individual semi‐structured interviews were conducted face‐to‐face with 27 Chinese women with breast cancer who underwent mastectomy at two tertiary hospitals in mainland China between September 2020 and December 2021 after obtaining the appropriate ethical approvals. Interviews were conducted in Mandarin. Data were analysed using inductive content analysis.

Results

Mean age of participants was 48 years (range 31–70). Most participants had low education, low monthly family income, had a partner and health insurance, had been diagnosed with early breast cancer, and had not undergone reconstructive surgery. Six categories related to decision‐making experiences emerged: (1) Emotions affecting decision‐making, (2) Information seeking for decision‐making, (3) Beliefs about mastectomy and the breast, (4) Participation in decision‐making, (5) People who influence decision‐making, and (6) Post‐decision reflection. Participants did not mention the role of nurses in their decision‐making process for mastectomy.

Conclusions

This study adds valuable insights into the limited evidence on women's experience with decision‐making about mastectomy from a Chinese perspective, which is important given the continuing high prevalence of mastectomy in many regions. Future studies from other countries and ethnic groups are recommended to gain diverse knowledge.

Impact

The findings of this study are useful for nurses and other healthcare professionals in the multidisciplinary team to better support women with breast cancer in their decision‐making process regarding mastectomy. The findings could inform future interventions to support treatment decision‐making and may be relevant to women living in similar socio‐medical contexts to those in mainland China.

Reporting Method

The study was reported following the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
ER‐α36 is involved in calycosin inhibition of IL‐6 production in macrophages
Authors: Wu Guoli , Qi Guangying , Liu Yu , Gan Jinfeng , Xie Chichu , Wu Qi , Cui Wei , Wang Chunhua , Wang Zhaoyi
Published: November 2023

The tumour microenvironment (TME) is crucial for tumour development and progression. Tumour‐associated macrophages (TAMs) in the TME can promote tumour progression and metastasis by releasing cytokines, such as IL‐6. Calycosin, a phytoestrogen that is one of the active compounds in Radix Astragali, has been shown to inhibit tumour growth and metastasis. However, the underlying mechanism by which calycosin inhibits tumour growth remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of calycosin on IL‐6 production in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)‐ and THP‐1‐derived macrophages and explore its potential mechanisms using co‐immunoprecipitation, western blotting, immunofluorescence, chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays. We found that calycosin treatment substantially upregulated the expression of ER‐α36, a variant of the ER, and reduced IL‐6 production in macrophages. Mechanistically, ER‐α36 physically interacted with NF‐κBp65 and retained p65 in the cytoplasm to attenuate NF‐κB function as an IL‐6 transcriptional inducer. In conclusion, our result indicated that calycosin inhibited IL‐6 production by enhancing ER‐α36 expression and its interaction with p65, which attenuated NF‐κB function as an IL‐6 inducer. Therefore, calycosin can be developed as an effective agent for cancer therapy by targeting TAMs.
Supplementary description and ontogenetic variability of Coryphaenoides affinis: rediscovery of the species after 145 years since its original description (Teleostei: Gadiformes: Macrouridae)
Authors: Prokofiev Artem M.
Published: November 2023

A large adult (138 mm head length) of the grenadier genus Coryphaenoides is described. It is identified as C. affinis hitherto known only from two juvenile type specimens collected by HMS Challenger off Uruguay in 1876. The diagnosis of the species is revised to include the discovery of considerable ontogenetic changes in squamation. Spinulation on the body scales are reduced or lost with size, while the armament of the head scales become amplified. The larger of the syntype specimens is designated as the lectotype. All three known specimens of C. affinis were collected in the southwestern Atlantic at depths between 3500 and 4000 m. A key for identification for the species of the subgenus Nematonurus is provided.