bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Discourses of the Sinking Villages in Demak: The Social Relation between Humans and Nature
Authors: Peter Suwarno , Nurhayati Nurhayati
Published: November 2020

Stories of climate change and its impacts on human life that have been reported in various media supports arguments that it is largely man-made. In many Indonesian communities, however, this disaster that alters cultural, social, and economic environment is often viewed as a natural phenomenon. This paper analyzes expressions of the experiences of local Indonesian inhabitants and media reporters using discourse analysis. The selected texts in the reports mostly focus on expressions concerning how the inhabitants dealt with the ever-increasing tidal flood that engulfed their dwellings and communities. The analysis reveal that stories on their experiences contain words and themes representing their views of natural phenomenon that created memories of the past and uncertain plans for the futures. Different types and class of words they express not only represent grieving for loss of livelihood, but also, more importantly, embody efforts to make the best of what is left, including changing the inundated district into a tourism site.
Culture as a Javanese Language Retention Strategy for Women’s Society in Klaten, Central Java
Authors: Suharyo
Published: November 2020

Women are the key to language retention. On the other hand, language is closely related to culture. Then, how can women and their culture maintain their language (read: Javanese)? To discuss this, this paper uses observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The result was, (1) Javanese Krama began to be threatened, both in urban and rural societies in Klaten, (2) Indonesian had begun to urge the existence of Javanese, (3) Javanese Ngoko was still maintained even though the percentage was not too high (under 65%), (4) percentage of language retention in urban women in Klaten, is still relatively better than in rural communities, (5) Javanese language retention strategies are carried out through religious lectures, alms earth traditions, and nyadran (a term for pilgrimage and cleaning the grave).
Direction of Action in Translating theYari-MoraiExpression
Authors: Reny Wiyatasari
Published: November 2020

This research is descriptive qualitative research using case study on Japan’s manga translation by Japanese Student in Diponegoro University. The study aims to determine how students' understanding of the concept ofshitenwith the results of student translations of the expression of yari-morai. The subject of research are Japanese students at Diponegoro University whom already joining the translation class. The data sources of this study are Japanesemangadocuments and their translations, and questionnaires that contain the results of translation ofyari-moraisentences. Data collection method used in this study was structured interviews through questionnaires. Based on the results of the questionnaire, it is known that several students have sufficiently understood the direction of action which contains the activities of giving and taking on~teyaruand~teageruexpressions, but not on~tekureruand~temorauexpressions, and general students’ understanding of the direction of action in theyari-moraiexpression does not match their ability to translate this expression.
Entrepreneurship spirit to survive on culture and environmental development in Jepara, Indonesia
Authors: Indrahti Sri , Andini Bintang
Published: November 2020

This paper seeks to portray the entrepreneurial spirit that originates from the values of local culture after touching and interacting with (new) foreign cultures. The entrepreneurial spirit of a Jepara carving industry entrepreneur is from the cultural products as their background. The livelihood system is one of the cultural elements that gave rise to an entrepreneurial spirit. The entrepreneurial spirit is generated from economic activities that come from livelihoods. Data collection is from observation and in-depth interview with carving entrepreneurs in Jepara, Indonesia. Entrepreneurial spirit of Jepara carving entrepreneurs are working as pray, working for profit and doing rituals for looking business fortune. The result is evident to understanding that work is part of pray. The entrepreneurial spirit of Jepara carving industry entrepreneurs is much influenced by local cultural values, especially those related to religious values. Enthusiasm of work is carried out by increasing the friendship in exchanging work information. An effort to strengthen the value of togetherness, entrepreneurs also often perform religious rituals. This is done as an effort to obtain fluency in the work as well as at the same time hoping for abundant profits.
Javanese Language Maintenance Based on Sociocultural Approach (A Case Study on Women in Rembang, Central Java)
Authors: Suharyo  , Nurhayati
Published: November 2020

Like other regional languages in Indonesia, Javanese language is progressively endangered by Indonesian language. This research employs a questionnaire and observation to answer the given hypothesis. The results indicate that , (a) the Javanese language variety of “ngoko” is still moderately maintained by the speakers (women in Rembang coastal area), (b) the Javanese krama variety is almost extinct, (c) Indonesian and mixed languages have threatened the existence of Javanese. Several efforts made to preserve Javanese language is by exerting sociocultural approach, namely (a) speaking in Javanese language at home, (b) speaking in Javanese language with neighbors, (c) formal education, (d) non-formal education, (e) art / tradition, (f) religious activities, and (g) media.
Pirates and Environmental Conservation Around Malacca Strait
Authors: Supriyono  , Agustinus  , Mualimin  , Alamsyah
Published: November 2020

Sea people are those whose lives depend on the sea. The Sea people under certain conditions will become pirates. Piracy has been around for a long time. The area which became the centers of pirate activity was around Malacca Strait. Malacca Strait is very strategic because it is in the shipping and trade lane that connects China, Archipelago, India, Persian Gulf and Europe. The bustling of trade and shipping activities invited the pirates presence. In 16th to 19th century, the pirates that found in Malacca Strait were originally Malay sea people who were around Sumatra waters. One of the reason why the Malays doing piracy was because the West people arrival. Despite being pirates they had an awarness to preserve the environment both at the sea and on the coast. Sea people’s behaviour and lifestyle emphasized that they had a close relationship with nature and maintain the environmental preservation
Errors And Competencies In Speaking Indonesian Language Students Of Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
Authors: Suharyo  , Suryadi Muhammad , Puji Astuti Sri , Ruth Patricia
Published: November 2020

Error and competence in speaking Bahasa (Indonesian language) are always an interesting topic to discuss because language is dynamic. Mistakes that also reflect language competence can occur in all walks of life from the general public, students, to university students. This paper highlights the mistakes and at the same time, competence in speaking Indonesian language, among students of Diponegoro University. Data was extracted through a questionnaire distributed via MS Form. The results are (a) the average number of students (80-90%) is competent in distinguishing standard and non-standard words, (b) Some students (60-85%) are competent in distinguishing standard/complete form of words (in Predicate) in a sentence, (c) a small portion of students (14-32%) is incompetent to distinguish it, (d) 60-85% of students are able to distinguish effective and ineffective sentences, (e) on average (50%), students are able to distinguish correct sentences in terms of semantics, (f) most students (> 90%) agree: (1) Indonesian language must be maintained, taught and mastered; (2) Indonesian language is related to nationalism, personality and logic.
The Role and the Significance of the Reader and the Act of Reading in Roland Barthes’s “The Death of the Author”
Authors: Jati Ariya
Published: November 2020

The reader and the act of reading play an important part in Barthes’s “The Death of the Author”. Barthes’s perspective of writing and the writer is appealing for this study to conduct. The perspective will be elucidated upon Iser’s concept of reader and text. The elucidation is conducted as a library study. The study results in the interaction between the reader and the text in one reading environment. In all, the role of the reader begins when that of the writer ends in the environment.
Traditional Spices in Japanese Modern Food
Authors: Istana Trahutami Sriwahyu
Published: November 2020

This article describes the traditional seasoning (choumiryou) used in modern Japanese cuisine. The purpose of this study was to determine the types and ways of making traditional spices in Japanese cuisine, and how to use them to give color and flavor to the dishes. This research is a literature study. The author documents data about shokubunka or Japanese eating culture and traditional spices from various literatures. Through qualitative descriptive methods it is known that modern Japanese cuisine still retains traditional spices, especially miso, shoyu and dashi. The main ingredients of choumiyou are rice, soybeans, and fish. The manufacturing process by means of fermentation that takes a long time for months is the key to the deliciousness of seasoning while adding natural nutrition.
The improvement of Self Immunity, Mental and Psychosocial Health to Prevent Covid-19 Infection in Elders in Surakarta Indonesia
Authors: Demartoto Argyo , Zunariyah Siti , Hilmi Pujihartati Sri
Published: November 2020

Elder group is the one with the risk of being infected with Coronavirus Disease 19 (Covid-19). It is very important to prevent Covid-19 transmission with any attempt, particularly in elders. This research aimed to help explain the importance of maintaining immunity and preventing Covid-19 transmission to elders in order to be alerted to Covid-19 in Surakarta Indonesia. This qualitative research with explorative approach employed purposive sampling technique. Unit of analysis consisted of elders in many areas in Surakarta, Chief Executive of Covid-19 Management Acceleration Task force of Surakarta City, pulmonologist and nurses in Dr. Moewardi Surakarta Hospital, Chairperson of Surakarta City’s Health Office (DKK), Head of Disease Control and Environmental Health Division of Surakarta Health Office, and Chairperson of Surakarta City’s Social Office. Data collection was conducted through observation, in-depth interview, and documentation, and then method and data source triangulations. Data analysis was conducted using an interactive model of analysis with Parsons’ system theory. The result of research showed that the Covid-19 prevention in elders in Surakarta was conducted through improving their physical immunity, nursing care for elders, nursing care for family, and preventing physical, and mental and psychosocial health problems in elders.
Epidemiology of non-exclusive breastfeeding behavior (study in the working area of primary health care Margorejo Pati regency)
Authors: Fatima Emawati , Dian Saraswati Lintang , Ginandjar Praba , Sutiningsih Dwi
Published: November 2020

Non-exclusive breastfeeding is defined as the provision of food or fluids in addition to drugs, vitamins, and minerals to infants before the age of 6 months. Exclusive breastfeeding for infants is seen to prevent and cure stunting and other forms of malnutrition. Primary Health Care (PHC) Margorejo is the health center with the lowest exclusive breastfeeding coverage in Pati Regency in 2017 and 2018. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors related to the behavior of non-exclusive breastfeeding in the working area of the PHC Margorejo in Pati Regency. This study uses a case control method. The research sample consisted of 70 consisting of 35 cases and 35 controls. The research targets were mothers who have 6-11 months old infants in the working area of the PHC Margorejo. Bivariate analysis showed a low level of maternal knowledge (p = 0.008), negative maternal attitudes (p = 0.022), and the absence of support from health workers (p = 0.002) related to non-exclusive breastfeeding behavior. Low level knowledge of mothers, negative attitude of mothers, and the absence of support from health workers are all factors related to the behavior of non-exclusive breastfeeding in the working area of PHC Margorejo in Pati Regency.
Exploring Adolescent Characteristics, Experiences and Socio-environmental Responses on Premarital Pregnancy in Central Java Indonesia
Authors: Shaluhiyah Zahroh , Suryoputro Antono , Novelira Aulia , Indraswari Ratih
Published: November 2020

The aim of this study was to explore the phenomena of premarital pregnancy by exploring adolescent characteristics, experiences and socio- environmental responses. It employs descriptive study and phenomenology approach using in-depth interviews to explore adolescent’s premarital pregnancy experiences. A total of 49 adolescents aged 12-19 years with premarital pregnancy were willing to participate in this study and 10 respondents were interviewed in more deeply. The data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. The average age of the respondents were 17 years old and most of them had low educational level. Their knowledge on sexual and reproductive health was categorized as lack of knowledge. Nearly half of them were more permissive so that partner influence to have sex is main factor that is difficult to resist by the respondents. Parents and community responses were initially forced to resist their premarital pregnancy, but it gradually became normally accept. Premarital pregnancy was more influenced by peer’s permissive attitude, frequent access to pornography, and lack of parental supervision. There were four respondents who tried to seek abortion. It is recommended to provide comprehensive sexual and reproductive health education to adolescents in order to prevent premarital pregnancy.
A Phantom Study of Crosstalk Artefact Reduction using Interleaved Method in MR Lumbar
Authors: Patra Gandhi Wingghayarie , Murti Wibowo Gatot , Sulaksono Nanang , Jannah Marichatul
Published: November 2020

Crosstalk artefacts appear as dark signal lines on MR images that occur due to imperfect multi-slice settings. There is still a good deal of emergence of crosstalk artefacts on T1 of SE and FSE sequence with interleaved slice acquisition methods. This study aims to determine the differences and the optimal value of reduction of crosstalk artefacts against changes in TR on T1 between SE and FSE sequences in interleaved slice acquisition methods. The experiment was carried out by scanning the water phantom with a variation of TR 500ms, 600ms, and 700ms in SE and FSE sequences. An assessment of the reduction of crosstalk artefacts was carried out using SNR values. There is a significant difference in the reduction of crosstalk artefacts between SE sequences and FSE on T1 (p-value = < 0.001). The reduction of crosstalk artefacts in SE sequences with TR values of 600ms and 700ms respectively, were 22.2% and 37.7%. Whereas the FSE sequences were 28.3% and 56%. Optimal crosstalk artefact reduction occurs in FSE sequences of T1 (56%). It is intended to use FSE sequences with TR 700ms on T1 if there are overlapping slices so that the crosstalk artefacts that occur will be reduced optimally.
Performance Measurement of Information Technology Governance in The Library of Diponegoro University Using COBIT Assessment Framework
Authors: Irhandayaningsih Ana
Published: November 2020

This study aims to measure the management of IT utilization in the Diponegoro University Library using the COBIT framework. From the results of these measurements it is expected to identify the conditions of IT governance at present, the gap with ideal conditions, and improvements to increase the use of IT in line with organizational goals. In this study, IT governance will be assessed in the Evaluate-Direct-Monitor (EDM) aspects of five domains, namely EDM01: Ensure Governance Framework Settings and Maintenance, EDM02: Ensure Benefits Delivery, EDM03: Ensure Risk Optimization, EDM04: Ensure Resource Optimization, and EDM05 Ensure Stakeholders Transparency. The research design used in this study is sequential exploratory, which is collecting and analyzing qualitative data then collecting and analyzing quantitative data. The research location is in the Diponegoro University Library. Data collection techniques in this study were conducted through a survey using interviews with the leaders and managers of the Diponegoro University Library, and observations of conditions at the Diponegoro University Library. Based on score calculation and mapping based on the COBIT framework, the Diponegoro University Library Manager has implemented IT governance. Deficiencies identified are in the EDM01 domain Ensure Governance Setting and Maintenance and EDM03 Ensure Risk Optimization which have not reached the maximum level. capability level is still below expectations. Whereas in other domains, EDM02 Ensure Benefits Delivery, EDM04 Ensure Resource Optimization, and EDM05 Stakeholder Transparency are at the highest level.
PID Controller Simulator Design for Polynomials Transfer Function
Authors: Senen Adri , Ratnasari Titi , Simamora Yoakim
Published: November 2020

PID controller is a controller used to determine precision of a system instrument employing feedback of the system. The component of PID control can be applied simultaneously or singly depends on the response we desired from a plant. However, there is problem in analyzing planned system response; how to get transfer function from a system and analyze it quickly and easily. As of today, control system engineers still encounter difficulty in analyzing system response especially for transfer function using polynomial equations of degree greater than two and employing trial and error method when analyzing response in the simulation. Thus, the writers design a simulator to solve this problem by using Graphical User Interface. The design of the program can be used for polynomial transfer function and installed directly to computer with smaller memory capacity. Hence, it is more user-friendly and not slowing down the operating system of computer. To ensure that the output of simulation correctly generated, we implemented block diagram modeling in simulink. In the future, the result of this research can be implemented as reference to easily understand the characteristics of PID controller especially for polynomials transfer function.
Detection of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in MRI Sequence T2 Flair MRI Image Using Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD)
Authors: Okta Silfina Redha , Sukmaningtyas Hermina , Indrati Rini
Published: November 2020

Epilepsy is a serious disorder in the brain. One of the most frequently found is temporal lobe epilepsy. This type of epilepsy is mainly caused by hippocampal sclerosis and treatment is often refractory so it needs surgery, this epilepsy is called mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). MRI features for hippocampal sclerosis seen visually are a decrease in T1-weighted intensity and an increase in T2-weighted intensity. T2WI and T2 FLAIR are the sequences most often assessed for the diagnosis of hippocampal sclerosis. The assessment carried out by the practitioner to see the increase in intensity of the sequence is done visually. Visual assessment has flaws because of the limited vision and subjectivity of the practitioner, thereby producing several opinions to determine the level of intensity of the sequence. In this study a Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) method is proposed to assess quantitatively by assessing the intensity that exists in the FLAIR T2 sequence. This research uses Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) with computer programming, Image processing as a tool to find the intensity value and get a cut-off point value > 825, from this result then conduct a test by measuring the sensitivity value (90%), specificity (69%), positive predictive value (80%), negative predictive value (83%) and accuracy (81%). The of area under the curve is 0.8119, with the average ability to determine the pain is not sick is 0.71 -0.91. The results of this study indicate that Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) is able to detect hippocampal sclerosis in ELTM well.
How Undergraduate Students experience Distance Learning as Part of Their Information Literacy
Authors: Heriyanto  , Yoga Prasetyawan Yanuar , Krismayani Ika
Published: November 2020

Information comes in different forms, and it influences people’s preference in finding and using information. The covid 19 pandemic which has been experienced by Indonesian undergraduate students may have provide new ways on how they looking and using information related to their study. This qualitative study explores the distance learning experience of undergraduate students in one of the University in Semarang during their study from home. It aims to identify how these students have developed their remote study as well as their strategies on searching and using information. A qualitative method was employed by applying semi-structured interviews for collecting data. The data then analyzed by using Thematic Analysis to uncover the pattern of the distance experience of the students. The preliminary findings show that most of the participants have some issues on using optimizing the learning systems, however they finally able to build their own strategies to cope with this new situation. Electronic resources becomes their main information resources because accessing the physical library building is no longer an option. These preliminary findings benefit not only for the next process of the research but also to inform university library about the way undergraduate students experience information resources so that it can be used for the library for developing their information services to students.
Dimension affective chez des étudiants non-francophones en situation d’apprentissage coopératif interculturel durant leur exploitation du français
Authors: Zhang Xin
Published: November 2020

Cet article a pour but d’explorer quelques facteurs émotionnels chez des étudiants étrangers durant leur apprentissage du français. Il examine, en plus, si l’apprentissage coopératif et l’apprentissage coopératif interculturel ont des effets plutôt positifs sur les facteurs émotionnels des apprenants. Afin d’assurer l’objectivité et la faisabilité de nos recherches, nous avons réalisé une enquête sous Limesurvey auprès d’un large échantillon d’étudiants, dont 293 ont fourni un retour complet. Avec des méthodes d’analyse des données, nous avons essayé d’analyser les performances émotionnelles des étudiants selon les modalités de travail : coopération en classe, ou, travail avec des étudiants étrangers ou avec leurs compatriotes ou encore travail solitaire.
Indices d’affectivité dans les corrections des enseignants et leur impact sur le rapport au texte chez les élèves
Authors: Mazziotti Sara
Published: November 2020

La rédaction d’un texte implique plusieurs processus cognitifs auxquels s’ajoute également une dimension émotionnelle chez l’élève-scripteur. L’influence du contexte scolaire et l’apport de corrections de la part de l’enseignant sur le premier jet sont également des aspects à creuser lorsqu’on s’intéresse aux émotions en jeu dans la rédaction et dans la production d’un deuxième jet. Dans le cadre d’une étude plus large sur les pratiques d’interventions des enseignants en CE2 et en CM2 dans deux écoles en France et dans deux écoles en Italie, nous essayerons de mettre en relief des indices du « rapport au texte » chez les élèves, en particulier lorsqu’ils abandonnent leur premier jet en faveur d’une écritureex novo. Sur la base d’une mise en comparaison du premier et du deuxième jet, nous observerons la fréquence de deux autres cas de figure dans les deux contextes linguistiques : la mise au propre et le remaniement plus consistant du texte.
La gestion publique des émotions et les ruses de l’intelligence
Authors: Thiburce Julien
Published: November 2020

Dans un dialogue entre la sémiotique, l’analyse conversationnelle et l’analyse du discours, la notion de ruse affirmera sa force heuristique pour penser les articulations feintes et déjouées entreethos(valeurs et implication éthique),logos(rationalité et implication raisonnée) etpathos(sensibilité et implication affective). En lien avec l’analyse d’un extrait d’enregistrements de balades urbaines guidées réalisés dans le cadre de notre thèse, nous proposerons une réflexion sur le caractère approprié d’une conduite en groupe, selon le point de vue des participants. À partir des dynamiques transitives et réflexives de la gestion des émotions en public, nous réfléchirons aux enjeux socioaffectifs de formes énonciatives comme l’ironie. Dans une perspective éthnométhodologique, nous porterons un regard sur les effets perlocutoires des échanges entre les participants de manière transversale à la séquentialité de l’interaction, à la progression thématique d’un discours en groupe et à la gestion collective des ethos.
The social-cultural aspect of life of Polish population in the Olonets province in the mid-to-late XIX century
Authors: Kudriavtceva Regina Elizaveta , Samylovskaya Ekaterina
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the problem of analysis of saving the national identity of the ethnic Polish group on the territory of the Olonets province (modern Republic of Karelia, Arkhangelsk and Leningrad Oblast) in the historical perspective. Basing on the analysis of the resources of personal nature (memoirs), as well as the Russian and Polish historiography the main distinguishing characteristics of the national Polish identity on the hostile social-cultural environment were studied. Due to the research the authors concluded that the driving force of preserving the national identity was the religious factor, opening itself in the activity of the exiled priests and such traditional Polish leisure activities such as: choral singing, reading of religious and secular national literature, organization is the educational process.
Development of resource saving and resource efficiency as the most important factor in the industrial development in the Arctic
Authors: Mankulova Janna , Vorotnikov Alexander
Published: November 2020

Research in the sphere of the Arctic industrial development often leads to the identification of clear regulatory gaps of a systemic nature. A particular example is the issue of legislative regulation of the involvement of secondary raw materials, fuel and energy resources in economic use and property turnover in the context of resource conservation and resource efficiency. In this case, secondary resources are not subject to independent regulation in general, but only as one of the elements of activities related to environmental protection. Accordingly, the conditions for the development of a system of production and consumption wastes’ effective management, the creation of a recycling industry, including the reuse of such waste, have not been formed yet. The results of the analysis given in this research paper clearly indicate the lack of development of mechanisms for stimulating the use of non-target materials and substances.

Industrial enterprises that use secondary resources in production do not currently receive special advantages within the framework of the implemented industrial policy. System benefits are universal and directly related to commodity production only. However, it is necessary to apply measures to encourage industrial activities to implement projects involving the reuse of secondary resources in production, including in the Russian Arctic.
Arctic oil and the eastern direction of Russia's energy policy
Authors: Kozmenko A
Published: November 2020

The article describes the main features of Russia’s position in the traditional and promising oil markets of Europe and China in the context of the importance of oil and gas income in the country’s economy in the formation of the Federal budget of the Russian Federation. The resource base of the eastern direction of oil transportation “Polar region - Eastern Siberia - Pacific Ocean” is evaluated and the geo-economic feasibility of increasing oil supplies to China is justified. At the same time, the developed resource base the West Siberian oil and gas province will not be enough to ensure growing supplies in the east while maintaining the level of oil exports to Europe. Therefore, the task is to develop oil energy resources in the Arctic.
Seelenhygiene
Authors: Schmiedel Volker , Hünefeld Chloe , Hinteregger-Männel Jessica , Greta Hessel Psych
Published: November 2020

Vier Experten stellen Seelenhygiene mithilfe von Omega-3-Fettsäuren, Yogatherapie, Ernährung und Waldbaden vor.
Von der Kraft des Schwarzpulvers: Gunpowder in der Veterinärhomöopathie
Authors: Hentschel Brigitte , Seyfried Anne-Lore
Published: November 2020

Obwohl unter Homöopathen weitgehend unbekannt, für die Homöopathie unvollständig geprüft und in den Repertorien hoffnungslos unterrepräsentiert, besitzt Gunpowder ein großes Heilungspotenzial. Aus drei kraftvollen Arzneimitteln zusammengesetzt, ist es in der Lage, bei septischen Zuständen unschätzbare Dienste zu leisten. Eigentlich sollte es in keiner homöopathischen Hausapotheke fehlen. Vor allem in der Veterinärmedizin, in der wir es tagtäglich mit infizierten Wunden zu tun haben, sollte dieses Mittel viel häufiger eingesetzt werden.
Im Pflanzenporträt: Die Süßholzwurzel (Glycyrrhiza radix)
Authors: Israel Sabine
Published: November 2020

Die Süßholzwurzel (Glycyrrhiza radix) wird seit Jahrtausenden aufgrund ihrer antioxidativen, entzündungshemmenden, krampflösenden, sekretolytischen und schleimhautschützenden Eigenschaften geschätzt. Die Pflanze, ihre wichtigsten Inhaltsstoffe und deren unterschiedliche Wirkungen werden kurz beschrieben. Wissenschaftliche Studien untermauern dies und decken zahlreiche weitere Vorzüge dieser Heilpflanze auf. Insbesondere das antivirale Potenzial ist Gegenstand aktueller Forschung.
Orale Immunkompetenz in der Corona-Pandemie vs. Systemrelevanz der Zahnmedizin
Authors: Frankenberger Roland , Pfützner Andreas
Published: November 2020

Die Covid-19-Pandemie hat das deutsche Gesundheitssystem im Jahr 2020 vor erhebliche Herausforderungen gestellt. In diesem Zusammenhang ist es bemerkenswert, dass für die Zahnmedizin kein sogenannter Rettungsschirm aufgespannt wurde. Dies bedeutet, dass nach Ansicht der Bundesregierung Zahnärzte als nicht systemrelevant eingestuft wurden und somit offiziell auch nicht zu den Ärzten gehören. Diese Annahme ist grundfalsch und gefährlich, wie im Folgenden anhand eines wichtigen Beispiels erörtert wird.

Das SARS-CoV-2-Virus führt bei infizierten Personen zu einem Beschwerdebild von leichten Erkältungszeichen bis hin zu lebensbedrohlichen beatmungsbedürftigen COVID-19-Pneumonien. Ein besonderes Risiko für schwere Verläufe haben Menschen höheren Alters sowie Patienten mit Diabetes, Bluthochdruck und anderen schweren Erkrankungen. Die Haupteintrittspforte für das SARS-CoV-2-Virus in den menschlichen Körper ist u. a. die orale Mukosa, denn die Viren reichern sich dort bevorzugt an und der ACE2-Rezeptor wird dort hochgradig exprimiert. Dieser Penetrationsweg erklärt die häufigeren schweren Verläufe bei älteren Diabetespatienten, deren Immunsystem bereits generell beeinträchtigt ist. Diabetes mellitus induziert eine chronische systemische Entzündung, die sich gerade im Mundbereich regelmäßig als Parodontitis manifestiert. Bei Diabetikern zwangsläufig oft auftretende Hyperglykämien schwächen die Mukosa-Barriere zusätzlich. Es ist daher dringend ratsam, bei Präventionsmaßnahmen für Diabetespatienten den Mund- und Rachenraum nicht zu ignorieren. Neben der parodontalprophylaktischen Betreuung ist gerade in Absenz von Zahnärzten die aktivierte Matrix-Metalloproteinase 8 (aMMP8) ein etablierter Biomarker. Die aktuellen Empfehlungen zur Prävention der SARS-CoV-2-assoziierten COVID-19-Erkrankung sollte daher um die Aspekte der Messung und Sanierung des Mund- und Rachenraums sowie einer regelmäßigen Desinfektion der oralen Mukosa erweitert werden.
Palladium-Catalyzed Functionalization of Olefins and Alkynes: From Oxyalkynylation to Tethered Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformations (DYKAT)
Authors: Nicolai Stefano , Orcel Ugo , Muriel Bastian , Greenwood Phillip D. G. , Buzzetti Luca , Puriņš Mikus , Waser Jerome
Published: November 2020

This review presents an account of the palladium-catalyzed functionalizations of alkenes and alkynes developed at the Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis (LCSO). Starting from the intramolecular oxy- and aminoalkynylation of alkenes, tethered methods were then developed to functionalize allylic amines and alcohols, as well as propargylic amines. Finally, a new dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation was developed based on the use of a ‘one-arm’ Trost-type ligand, giving access to enantiopure amino alcohols. Each section is a personal account by the researcher(s) who performed the work.

1 Introduction,

2 Oxy- and Aminoalkynylation of Olefins,

3 In Situ Tethering Strategies for the Synthesis of Vicinal Amino Alcohols and Diamines,

4 Carboamination of Allylic Alcohols,

5 Carbooxygenation of Propargylic Amines,

6 Enantioselective Carboetherification/Hydrogenation via a Catalytically Formed Chiral Auxiliary,

7 Conclusion
Physiomimetic Models of Adenomyosis
Authors: Gnecco Juan S. , Brown Alex T. , Kan Ellen L. , Baugh Lauren , Ives Clara , Loring Megan , Griffith Linda G.
Published: November 2020

Adenomyosis remains an enigmatic disease in the clinical and research communities. The high prevalence, diversity of morphological and symptomatic presentations, array of potential etiological explanations, and variable response to existing interventions suggest that different subgroups of patients with distinguishable mechanistic drivers of disease may exist. These factors, combined with the weak links to genetic predisposition, make the entire spectrum of the human condition challenging to model in animals. Here, after an overview of current approaches, a vision for applying physiomimetic modeling to adenomyosis is presented. Physiomimetics combines a system's biology analysis of patient populations to generate hypotheses about mechanistic bases for stratification with in vitro patient avatars to test these hypotheses. A substantial foundation for three-dimensional (3D) tissue engineering of adenomyosis lesions exists in several disparate areas: epithelial organoid technology; synthetic biomaterials matrices for epithelial–stromal coculture; smooth muscle 3D tissue engineering; and microvascular tissue engineering. These approaches can potentially be combined with microfluidic platform technologies to model the lesion microenvironment and can potentially be coupled to other microorgan systems to examine systemic effects. In vitro patient-derived models are constructed to answer specific questions leading to target identification and validation in a manner that informs preclinical research and ultimately clinical trial design.
Lagrange stability for impulsive pendulum-type equations
Authors: Chen Lu , Shen Jianhua
Published: November 2020

In the present paper, we prove the boundedness of all solutions for some impulsive pendulum-type equations by Moser’s twist theorem. We also prove the existence of quasi-periodic solutions for the impulsive pendulum-type equations.
Detecting the maximum likelihood transition path from data of stochastic dynamical systems
Authors: Dai Min , Gao Ting , Lu Yubin , Zheng Yayun , Duan Jinqiao
Published: November 2020

In recent years, data-driven methods for discovering complex dynamical systems in various fields have attracted widespread attention. These methods make full use of data and have become powerful tools to study complex phenomena. In this work, we propose a framework for detecting dynamical behaviors, such as the maximum likelihood transition path, of stochastic dynamical systems from data. For a stochastic dynamical system, we use the Kramers–Moyal formula to link the sample path data with coefficients in the system, then use the extended sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics method to obtain these coefficients, and finally calculate the maximum likelihood transition path. With two examples of stochastic dynamical systems with additive or multiplicative Gaussian noise, we demonstrate the validity of our framework by reproducing the known dynamical system behavior.
Global existence and large time behavior of strong solutions for 3D nonhomogeneous heat conducting Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Zhong Xin
Published: November 2020

We are concerned with an initial boundary value problem of nonhomogeneous heat conducting Navier–Stokes equations on a bounded simply connected smooth domain Ω⊆R3, with the Navier-slip boundary condition for velocity and Neumann boundary condition for temperature. We prove that there exists a unique global strong solution, provided that ‖ρ0u0‖L22‖curlu0‖L22 is suitably small. Moreover, we also obtain the large time decay rates of the solution. Our result improves previous works on this topic.
Predictive modeling approaches in laser-based material processing
Authors: Velli Maria-Christina , Tsibidis George D. , Mimidis Alexandros , Skoulas Evangelos , Pantazis Yannis , Stratakis Emmanuel
Published: November 2020

Predictive modeling represents an emerging field that combines existing and novel methodologies aimed to rapidly understand physical mechanisms and concurrently develop new materials, processes, and structures. In the current study, previously unexplored predictive modeling in a key-enabled technology, the laser-based manufacturing, aims to automate and forecast the effect of laser processing on material structures. The focus is centered on the performance of representative statistical and machine learning algorithms in predicting the outcome of laser processing on a range of materials. Results on experimental data showed that predictive models were able to satisfactorily learn the mapping between the laser’s input variables and the observed material structure. These results are further integrated with simulation data aiming to elucidate the multiscale physical processes upon laser–material interaction. As a consequence, we augmented the adjusted simulated data to the experiment and substantially improved the predictive performance due to the availability of an increased number of sampling points. In parallel, an information-theoretic metric, which identifies and quantifies the regions with high predictive uncertainty, is presented, revealing that high uncertainty occurs around the transition boundaries. Our results can set the basis for a systematic methodology toward reducing material design, testing, and production cost via the replacement of expensive trial-and-error based manufacturing procedures with a precise pre-fabrication predictive tool.
Photothermal approach for cultural heritage research
Authors: Paoloni S. , Mercuri F. , Orazi N. , Caruso G. , Zammit U.
Published: November 2020

Over the last few years, there has been an increasing interest in the application of photothermal techniques to the investigation of cultural heritage. Thanks to their peculiar ability of depth-resolving the position of subsurface features, these techniques are in fact well suited for a nondestructive analysis of multi-layer structures such as the one typical of artwork. In addition, the recent availability of highly developed instrumentation makes it possible to effectively carry out in situ investigations into different kinds of artwork. Such circumstances have created new opportunities in both theoretical and experimental research whose development is still in progress. In this work, we report an overview of the results that have been obtained on several kinds of artwork and of further developments that can be used to improve the effectiveness of the application of photothermal techniques to this field.
QCT calculations of O2 + O collisions: Comparison to molecular beam experiments
Authors: Geistfeld E. , Schwartzentruber T. E.
Published: November 2020

We present quasiclassical trajectory simulations of O2 + O collisions under conditions representative of a crossed molecular beam experiment [Lahankar et al., J. Phys. Chem. A 120, 5348–5359 (2016)]. These calculations are compared to experimental data in order to further validate Potential Energy Surfaces (PESs) recently developed at the University of Minnesota [Z. Varga, Y. Paukku, and D. G. Truhlar, J. Chem. Phys. 147, 154312 (2017)]. Spin and spatial symmetries allow nine adiabatic PESs to represent the ground state interactions of O2 + O. We simulate trajectories adiabatically on all nine surfaces and perform analysis on data from each surface separately and the combined set of nine. It is shown that aggregated adiabatic calculations from nine surfaces agree better with the experiment for both inelastic and exchange collisions than a previous study that used a single surface and lie within the reported experimental uncertainty at almost all points. Distributions for exchange reactions using all nine PESs are interpreted using each surface’s opacity function and activation energy for exchange. Rovibrationally resolved product distributions are then studied for a better understanding of energy relaxation in exchange collisions and may prove useful for further quasiclassical trajectory study and new experiments that use rovibrational spectroscopy to resolve the internal energy of the scattered products.
Electron density measurement using a partially covered hairpin resonator in an inductively coupled plasma
Authors: Fan Xingchen , Wug Yhoshua , Han Jia , Pribyl Patrick , Carter Troy
Published: November 2020

Hairpin probes are used to determine electron densities via measuring the shift of the resonant frequency of the probe structure when immersed in a plasma. This manuscript presents new developments in hairpin probe hardware and theory that have enabled measurements in a high electron density plasma, up to approximately 1012 cm−3, corresponding to a plasma frequency of about 9 GHz. Hardware developments include the use of both quarter-wavelength and three-quarter-wavelength partially covered hairpin probes in a transmission mode together with an easily reproducible implementation of the associated microwave electronics using commercial off-the-shelf components. The three-quarter-wavelength structure is operated at its second harmonic with the purpose of measuring higher electron densities. New theory developments for interpreting the probe measurements include the use of a transmission line model to find an accurate relationship between the resonant frequency of the probe and the electron density, including effects of partially covering the probes with epoxy. Measurements are taken in an inductively coupled plasma sustained in argon at pressures below 50 mTorr. Results are compared with Langmuir probe and interferometry measurements.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spin-lattice relaxation of lithium ions in aqueous solution by NMR and molecular dynamics
Authors: Mohammadi Mohaddese , Benders Stefan , Jerschow Alexej
Published: November 2020

We study the aqueous solvation dynamics of lithium ions using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, molecular dynamics, and viscosity measurements. Several relaxation mechanisms are examined to explain the strong increases of spin-lattice relaxation toward high concentrations. The use of both 6Li and 7Li isotopes is helpful to identify the quadrupolar contribution to the relaxation rate. In particular, it is found that the quadrupolar interaction constitutes the strongest contribution above a concentration of ∼10 molal. The next-strongest contribution arises from interactions that scale with the square of the gyromagnetic ratio (mostly the dipolar interaction), and the experimental relaxation rates appear to be fully accounted for when these mechanisms are combined over the concentration range up to the saturation concentration. The study of solvation dynamics, particularly at high concentrations, could be of relevance for electrolyte dynamics in aqueous Li-ion rechargeable batteries.
On the three-dimensional flow development around circular finned cylinders
Authors: Islam M. R. , Mohany A.
Published: November 2020

The three-dimensional flow development around the circular finned cylinders is investigated numerically. Three finned cylinders with constant fin pitch (p), fin thickness (t), and effective diameter (Deff) and a range of diameter ratios (Df/Dr) within 1.25 ≤ Df/Dr ≤ 2.5 are considered in this study. One bare cylinder with a diameter equivalent to the effective diameter of the finned cylinders is also considered. The numerical simulations are performed using the large eddy simulation turbulence model for a free-stream velocity corresponding to the Reynolds number Re = 3900, defined based on the effective diameter (Deff). This study provides novel insights into the flow physics in the channel between the fins and its effect on the three-dimensional flow development. The results accentuate that the three-dimensional flow development around the finned cylinders fundamentally differs from that of the bare cylinder. In particular, the flow separation topology at the surface of the finned cylinders differs significantly from that of the bare cylinder due to flow entrainment between the fins. The distinct flow separation leads to the formation of streamwise edge vortices, which induces downwash flow in the near wake of the finned cylinders. The combined effect of the entrainment between the fins and downwash flow affects the vortex formation length and mean pressure distribution around the cylinder. As a result, the structural loading on the surface of the finned cylinders is distinctively different from that of the bare cylinder with profound dependence on the fin parameters.
Brittle-fracture simulations of curved cleavage cracks in α-iron: A molecular dynamics study
Authors: Suzudo T. , Ebihara K. , Tsuru T.
Published: November 2020

Although body-centered-cubic (bcc) metals and alloys are ubiquitous as structural materials, they are brittle, particularly at low temperatures; however, the mechanism of their brittle fracture is not fully understood. In this study, we conduct a series of three-dimensional molecular dynamics simulations of the cleavage fracture of α-iron. In particular, we focus on mode-I loading starting from curved crack fronts or the so-called penny-shaped cracks. In the simulations, brittle fractures are observed at cleavages on the {100} plane, while the initial cracks become blunted on other planes as a result of dislocation emissions. Our modeling results agreed with a common experimental observation, that is, {100} is the preferential cleavage plane in bcc transition metals. In addition, dislocation emissions from the crack front were analyzed; the result supported the notion that plasticity in the vicinity of the crack front determines the preferential cleavage plane.