bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Absorção de nutrientes em genótipos de girassol
Authors: Jardini Debora Curado , Scaramuzza Walcylene Lacerda Matos Pereira , Weber Oscarlina Lúcia Santos , Borba Filho Aluisio Brigido , Fernandes Dayane Ávila
Published: January 2015

Dentre as possibilidades de obtenção de elevados rendimentos de grãos, em uma cultura, bem como diminuição dos custos, destaca-se a identificação de genótipos com maior eficiência na absorção e utilização de nutrientes. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar caracteres agronômicos (altura de plantas, diâmetro de caule e número de folhas), teores de nutrientes (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S e B) e rendimento de grãos de genótipos de girassol. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com 8 genótipos (M734, HELIO 358, Embrapa 122, HLE 23, MG 341, BRS G37, BRS G41, V90631) e quatro repetições. Todos os genótipos apresentaram altura de plantas, diâmetro de caule e número de folhas dentro dos padrões estabelecidos para híbridos e variedades comerciais. Os teores foliares de N, P, Mg, S e B não foram influenciados pelos genótipos de girassol. Os teores foliares de K e Ca foram distintos entre os genótipos de girassol, sendo os maiores teores encontrados em HELIO 358 e MG341, respectivamente. Os maiores rendimentos de grãos foram obtidos com BRS G37, HLE 23, M734 e HELIO 358. Houve correlação positiva entre os caracteres morfológicos e teores de nutrientes, nas cultivares V90631 e Embrapa 122, e entre os teores de nutrientes e rendimento de grãos, na cultivar M734.
Abundância sazonal de percevejo-do-colmo do arroz
Authors: Botta Robson Antonio , Silva Fernando Felisberto da , Pazini Juliano de Bastos , Martins José Francisco da Silva , Rubenich Rodrigo
Published: January 2015

A população de percevejo-do-colmo (Tibraca limbativentris) vem elevando-se, nos últimos anos, posicionando-o como uma das principais pragas da cultura do arroz irrigado, na região do Planalto da Campanha do Rio Grande do Sul. Fatores favoráveis ao longo do ano propiciam condições para sua infestação nas lavouras e posterior hibernação. O presente estudo objetivou verificar a variação populacional do percevejo do-colmo, em condições de lavoura comercial de arroz irrigado e sítios de hibernação. Para tanto, realizou-se levantamento populacional de ninfas e adultos. Verificou-se que o fotoperíodo e a temperatura foram os fatores que mais afetaram a população do inseto, levando a um período de hibernação de 10 meses. As operações de manejo também influenciaram na redução da população.
Toucan beak composite structure ratio analysis and simulation
Authors: Fairbairn James
Published: January 2015

The material property and geometric ratios between three key elements of a toucan (Ramphastos toco) beak were determined, in order to examine how this natural structure achieves its strong, lightweight form. The beak structure was reduced to three distinct layers: an outer, keratin base shell; connected foam reinforcement; and a central hollow core. Seven factors, key material properties and geometries, were selected to analyse the simulated performance. Taguchi’s method of orthogonal arrays was utilised to determine the significance of main and two-way interactions between these factors with eight simulations. The analysis of the results gives direction to application of these ratios for increased composite beam performance through design. Previously published work proving the dependency between shell and foam materials was used to validate the analysis, when the same conclusion was drawn in this study. Three significant conclusions emerged: a deformation reduction of 50% averaged over the array with a hollow compared to a solid core was observed; deviation from the bioinspired Young’s modulus and compressive strength ratios resulted in significant lower performances; and finally, the geometric ratios are significant and worthy of further research – thickening the materials from the initial condition in fact reduced the simulated beam’s performance, contrary to the logical assumption.
Nora’s Story
Authors: Gibbons Nora
Published: January 2015

In this column, Nora Gibbons, 16 years old, describes the home births of four of her siblings. Nora’s story captures the wonder and simplicity of home birth and demonstrates the impact the experience of being present at home birth can have on children. Nora’s joy and confidence in birth because of her experiences will influence her own birth choices.
Brief: Buy, Don't Build - What Does That Mean for a Software Developer?
Authors: Little Todd , Rahi M. Ahsan , Sinclair Craig
Published: January 2015

The buzz phrase of the 1990's for the petroleum software industry has become "buy, don't build." For an end user in an oil company, this generally means acquiring application software rather than developing it internally. The concept of buy, don't build can also apply for a software developer. Purchasing software toolkit components can expedite the development of an application as well as reduce future support requirements.
Brief: New PC-Based Software for Multiphase-Flow Calculations
Authors: Aziz Khalid , Petalas Nicholas
Published: January 2015

A new multiphase flow analysis and design system for DOS-based personal computers is described. Examples are also presented and analyzed with different multiphase-flow techniques. These techniques are investigated by use of flow-map and 3D pressure surface comparisons, and a new mechanistic model is discussed that attempts to overcome many of the problems associated with existing multiphase-flow analysis methods.
Brief: Software Licences: Good Fences Make Good Neighbors
Authors: McCreary James G. , Woodyard Alan
Published: January 2015

The basis for a good contract is that it is beneficial to both parties. A good foundation will cement the responsibilities and obligations of the parties after areas of agreement have been negotiated. Unfortunately, software licenses do not always reflect what is best for all. Some clauses are definitely for the benefit of the vender, while others are required by a prudent client. The resulting contract is then a matter of reasonable compromise to achieve a good- business relationship. Major issues of warranty, liability, training, support, and payment may be in conflict. Such topics as maintenance, testing, patents, extent of use, and return of software are often overlooked or addressed unevenly. This paper addresses these subjects and provides guidelines for software licences. An understanding of legal phrases is of value. A better understanding of the viewpoints of both the vender and the client results in a better working relationship.
Brief: Digitizing Rocks: Standardizing the Process of Geologic Description With Workstations
Authors: Saunders M.R. , Shields J.A. , Taylor M.R.
Published: January 2015

In the drive to squeeze the most value from every dollar spent on exploration and development, increasing use is being made of stored data through methods that rely on the completeness and accuracy of the database for their usefulness. Although many types of engineering data are available to the process, geologic data, especially those collected at a sufficiently detailed level to show reservoir heterogeneity, are often unavailable to later workers in any useful form. Traditionally, most wellsite geologic data are recorded on worksheets or notebooks, from which summary data are often transferred to computers. The only changes in recent years have been related to the process by which computer-drafted lithology logs have superseded hand-drawn logs; in some exceptions, some of the plotting data may be held in a simple database. These descriptions and analyses, gathered at considerable cost and capable of showing significant petrological detail, are not available to the whole field-development process. We set out to tackle these problems of limited usefulness and developed a system that would deliver quality geologic data deep into the field of play in a form that was easy to select and integrate with existing models.
Current situation and future possibilities for the sewage sludge valorization
Authors: Ballabio U. , Vollmeier T.
Published: January 2015

Thermal treatment is an efficient solution for the sewage sludge disposal, able to deal with the environmental problems related to some harmful elements inside sludge itself, as heavy metals, hormones, pharmaceutical derivates etc. This presentation wants to show the several reliable technologies available today, able to fulfil the requirements for efficiency and cheapness. Other solutions with interesting potentialities are now in a research phase, and they show promising future possibilities of application also from the point of view of the environmental acceptability related to these technologies. In addition to the solutions for the sludge thermal treatment, it will be shown the issue of the phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge, a topical issue that will influence the choices for the sludge disposal in the next years.
Predicting wastewater temperatures in sewer pipes using abductive network models
Authors: Abdel-Aal M. , Mohamed M. , Smits R. , Abdel-Aal R. E. , De Gussem K. , Schellart A. , Tait S.
Published: January 2015

A predictive modelling technique was employed to estimate wastewater temperatures in sewer pipes. The simplicity of abductive predictive models attracts large numbers of users due to their minimal computation time and limited number of measurable input parameters. Data measured from five sewer pipes over a period of 12 months provide 33,900 training entries and 39,000 evaluation entries to support the models' development. Two simple predictive models for urban upstream combined sewers and large downstream collector sewers were developed. They delivered good correlation between measured and predicted wastewater temperatures proven by their R2 values of up to 0.98 and root mean square error (RMSE) of the temperature change along the sewer pipe ranging from 0.15 °C to 0.33 °C. Analysis of a number of potential input parameters indicated that upstream wastewater temperature and downstream in-sewer air temperature were the only input parameters that are needed in the developed models to deliver this level of accuracy.
Two-phase anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and sewage sludge
Authors: Wang Feng , Li Wei-Ying , Yi Xue-Nong
Published: January 2015

The feasibility and performance of food waste and sewage sludge co-digestion were investigated to gain insight into their resource utilization. In this study, two-phase anaerobic digestion (TPAD) was operated under a total solids mixing ratio of 1:1 and different sludge retention times (SRTs). Results show that an acidogenic reactor with a 5-day SRT obtained the highest acidification efficiency, and its acetic acid content was dominant. The organic removal rate of a methanogenic reactor (MR) with a 20-day SRT and its corresponding TPAD system with a 25-day SRT were both the highest among the MRs and TPAD systems. Volatile solids and total chemical oxygen demand average removal efficiencies of the TPAD system with a 25-day SRT reached 64.7 and 60.8%, respectively. The MR with a 30-day SRT obtained the minimum ratio of volatile fatty acid to alkalinity (0.12). The methane content generated from the different MRs fluctuated at around 70%. All of the above results can provide reference for future research.
Commercial microwave links instead of rain gauges: fiction or reality?
Authors: Fencl Martin , Rieckermann Jörg , Sýkora Petr , Stránský David , Bareš Vojtěch
Published: January 2015

Commercial microwave links (MWLs) were suggested about a decade ago as a new source for quantitative precipitation estimates (QPEs). Meanwhile, the theory is well understood and rainfall monitoring with MWLs is on its way to being a mature technology, with several well-documented case studies, which investigate QPEs from multiple MWLs on the mesoscale. However, the potential of MWLs to observe microscale rainfall variability, which is important for urban hydrology, has not been investigated yet. In this paper, we assess the potential of MWLs to capture the spatio-temporal rainfall dynamics over small catchments of a few square kilometres. Specifically, we investigate the influence of different MWL topologies on areal rainfall estimation, which is important for experimental design or to a priori check the feasibility of using MWLs. In a dedicated case study in Prague, Czech Republic, we collected a unique dataset of 14 MWL signals with a temporal resolution of a few seconds and compared the QPEs from the MWLs to reference rainfall from multiple rain gauges. Our results show that, although QPEs from most MWLs are probably positively biased, they capture spatio-temporal rainfall variability on the microscale very well. Thus, they have great potential to improve runoff predictions. This is especially beneficial for heavy rainfall, which is usually decisive for urban drainage design.
Characteristics of hydrocarbon hydroxylase genes in a thermophilic aerobic biological system treating oily produced wastewater
Authors: Liu Ruyin , Gao Yingxin , Ji Yifeng , Zhang Yu , Yang Min
Published: January 2015

Alkane and aromatic hydroxylase genes in a full-scale aerobic system treating oily produced wastewater under thermophilic condition (45–50 °C) in the Jidong oilfield, China, were investigated using clone library and quantitative polymerase chain reaction methods. Rather than the normally encountered integral-membrane non-haem iron monooxygenase (alkB) genes, only CYP153-type P450 hydroxylase genes were detected for the alkane activation, indicating that the terminal oxidation of alkanes might be mainly mediated by the CYP153-type alkane hydroxylases in the thermophilic aerobic process. Most of the obtained CYP153 gene clones showed distant homology with the reference sequences, which might represent novel alkane hydroxylases. For the aromatic activation, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-ring hydroxylating dioxygenase (PAH-RHD) gene was derived from Gram-negative PAH-degraders belonging to the Burkholderiales order, with a 0.72% relative abundance of PAH-RHD gene to 16S rRNA gene. This was consistent with the result of 16S rRNA gene analysis, indicating that Burkholderiales bacteria might play a key role in the full-scale process of thermophilic hydrocarbon degradation.
Comparative study on electrochemical 4-chlorophenol degradation in different diaphragm systems with combined reduction and oxidation properties
Authors: Liu S. L. , Wang H. , Bian Z. Y.
Published: January 2015

Two diaphragm electrolysis systems, two-electrode (anode–cathode) and three-electrode (cathode–anode–cathode), were compared for the electrochemical degradation of 4-chlorophenol. The performance of these systems was improved by feeding with hydrogen gas and then with air, in aid of the combined processes of reduction and oxidation. The 4-chlorophenol degradation, dechlorination, and total organic carbon removal were monitored to characterize the difference between the two systems. The results indicated that the three-electrode system exhibited higher degradation percentages for 4-chlorophenol compared with that of the two-electrode system. The dechlorination property of the three-electrode system was stronger than that of the two-electrode system. In addition, the total organic carbon removal percentage of the anodic compartment in the three-electrode system was higher than that of the two-electrode system. The three-electrode system showed excellent treatment properties for 4-chlorophenol.
Study of the sludge reduction in an oxic–settling–anaerobic activated sludge process based on UNITANK
Authors: Sun L. P. , Chen J. F. , Guo W. Z. , Fu X. P. , Tan J. X. , Wang T. J.
Published: January 2015

An oxic–settling–anaerobic process (OSA) can effectively reduce sludge production, but most of the research studies on the OSA process have been either under laboratory test conditions or based on synthetic wastewater, which cannot fully reflect the performance and sludge reduction efficiency in existing OSA process. Thus, aiming at examining the sludge reduction efficiency and the stability of the OSA process, UNITANK and UNITANK–OSA processes were performed in a 120 m3/d pilot-scale system using actual sewage. The results indicate that UNITANK–OSA achieved a 48% reduction of the sludge compared to the reduction due to UNITANK, not considering the accumulation of the effluent-suspended solids. The effluent quality was not found to change significantly, except that the total phosphorus concentration increased slightly. The extracellular polymeric substances metal floc theory may, to some extent, explain this reduction in this study. The OSA process could be used to reform the classic wastewater treatment process to get lower sludge mass.
Evaluation of insoluble xanthate and crosslinked starch-graft-polyacrylamide-co-sodium xanthate for the adsorption of Cu(II) in aqueous solutions
Authors: Tan Jun , Wei Xiaoyan , Ouyang Yuxia , Liu Rui , Sun Ping , Fan Juhong
Published: January 2015

The effectiveness of insoluble xanthate (ISX) and crosslinked
starch-graft-polyacrylamide-co-sodium xanthate (CSAX) for Cu(II) removal from
wastewater was evaluated. The two types of xanthates were characterized by
SEM, XRD, FTIR, and elemental analysis. Also, the factors influencing
adsorption behaviors of copper ions from aqueous solutions were investigated.
The results indicated CSAX had higher absorption capacity for Cu(II) than ISX
because it contained more N and S. While as far as the removal efficiency was
concerned, ISX was better than CSAX for its strong ligand-CSS- groups. The
removal efficiency of Cu(II) onto CSAX and ISX increased with the increase in
pH. The mechanism for Cu(II) adsorption was ionic exchange for ISX whereas
both ion exchange and physical adsorption contributed to adsorption by CSAX.
The adsorption kinetics of ISX and CSAX for Cu(II) were favorably described
by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the adsorption isotherms were
described well with the Freundlich isotherm model. The study with synthetic
wastewater showed CSAX was a worthwhile alternative to the traditional ISX
only when the wastewater contained both Cu(II) and turbidity.
Activity of bismuth in liquid Ag-Bi-Ni alloys determined by equilibrium saturation method
Authors: Fima P. , Romanowska J.
Published: January 2015

Activity coefficients of Bi in liquid Ag-Bi-Ni alloys were experimentally
determined by means of the equilibrium saturation method at 1173 and 1273 K.
The measurements were carried out for alloy compositions along three sections
of fixed Ag to Ni mole fraction ratio equal to 4/1, 3/2, and 2/3. The excess
Gibbs free energy of Bi was calculated basing on the experimental activity
coefficient data. The experimental activity data were compared to the values
calculated for two sets of assessed thermodynamic data.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibition Ameliorates Western Diet–Induced Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance Through Hepatic Lipid Remodeling and Modulation of Hepatic Mitochondrial Function
Authors: Aroor Annayya R. , Habibi Javad , Ford David A. , Nistala Ravi , Lastra Guido , Manrique Camila , Dunham Merlow M. , Ford Kaitlin D. , Thyfault John P. , Parks Elizabeth J. , Sowers James R. , Rector R. Scott
Published: January 2015

Novel therapies are needed for treating the increasing prevalence of hepatic steatosis in Western populations. In this regard, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have recently been reported to attenuate the development of hepatic steatosis, but the potential mechanisms remain poorly defined. In the current study, 4-week-old C57Bl/6 mice were fed a high-fat/high-fructose Western diet (WD) or a WD containing the DPP-4 inhibitor, MK0626, for 16 weeks. The DPP-4 inhibitor prevented WD-induced hepatic steatosis and reduced hepatic insulin resistance by enhancing insulin suppression of hepatic glucose output. WD-induced accumulation of hepatic triacylglycerol (TAG) and diacylglycerol (DAG) content was significantly attenuated with DPP-4 inhibitor treatment. In addition, MK0626 significantly reduced mitochondrial incomplete palmitate oxidation and increased indices of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, TCA cycle flux, and hepatic TAG secretion. Furthermore, DPP-4 inhibition rescued WD-induced decreases in hepatic PGC-1α and CPT-1 mRNA expression and hepatic Sirt1 protein content. Moreover, plasma uric acid levels in mice fed the WD were decreased after MK0626 treatment. These studies suggest that DPP-4 inhibition ameliorates hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance by suppressing hepatic TAG and DAG accumulation through enhanced mitochondrial carbohydrate utilization and hepatic TAG secretion/export with a concomitant reduction of uric acid production.
Distinct Roles of β-Cell Mass and Function During Type 1 Diabetes Onset and Remission
Authors: Chmelova Helena , Cohrs Christian M. , Chouinard Julie A. , Petzold Cathleen , Kuhn Matthias , Chen Chunguang , Roeder Ingo , Kretschmer Karsten , Speier Stephan
Published: January 2015

Cure of type 1 diabetes (T1D) by immune intervention at disease onset depends on the restoration of insulin secretion by endogenous β-cells. However, little is known about the potential of β-cell mass and function to recover after autoimmune attack ablation. Using a longitudinal in vivo imaging approach, we show how functional status and mass of β-cells adapt in response to the onset and remission of T1D. We demonstrate that infiltration reduces β-cell mass prior to onset and, together with emerging hyperglycemia, affects β-cell function. After immune intervention, persisting hyperglycemia prevents functional recovery but promotes β-cell mass increase in mouse islets. When blood glucose levels return to normoglycemia β-cell mass expansion stops, and subsequently glucose tolerance recovers in combination with β-cell function. Similar to mouse islets, human islets exhibit cell exhaustion and recovery in response to transient hyperglycemia. However, the effect of hyperglycemia on human islet mass increase is minor and transient. Our data demonstrate a major role of functional exhaustion and recovery of β-cells during T1D onset and remission. Therefore, these findings support early intervention therapy for individuals with T1D.
Socio-Economic Status of Women and Men Participants in Panchayati Raj Institutions: A Comparative Study of Rohtak District, Haryana
Authors: Samria Manju
Published: January 2015

The present study was conducted on the sample of 46 women and 75 men respondents from 107 members of five Panchayat Samiti as well as 14 members of Zila Parishad of the upper two tiers of Panchayati Raj institutions (PRI) of Rohtak district, Haryana. For this, stratified sampling technique was adopted for selecting the sample from different Panchyat Samiti as well as Zila Parishad. Interview Schedule was used to collect primary data from all the respondents. Analysis revealed that the socio-economic status of the women were insignificant as compared to the men participants.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v2i1.11614   Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-2, issue-1: 27-30
E-Governance in Rajasthan State Universities: Impacts and Impediments
Authors: Dhamuniya Shilpa
Published: January 2015

This research presents the realistic overview of the state of Higher education in one of the largest Indian State, Rajasthan. There are many imperative problems which go back to the princely States, however reorganization of State has uplifted the status of education but the situation still is dismal. The introduction of E-governance by the Government is appreciable for the reason that it shows commitment to bring out fundamental changes in the scenario related to education. The research results are pointing out to definitive policy shifts; to be specific it will be pertinent to draw inferences in entirety.The scientific research epitomizes the basics that need to be addressed in terms of deconstructing some myths about the policies; constructing some new perceptions about educational institutions and reconstructing new paths to attain the finality of this fundamental objective. The societal transformation will remain unattended unless this sector is strengthened. This study is just a beginning to understand the ground realities and on the basis to visualize the prospective thrust. This particular research has also pointed out some fallacies regarding the tall claims put forth by the government on account of being serious about implementing E-governance but the data collected tells a different story altogether.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v2i1.11684    Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-2, issue-1: 31-35
Terpenoids and Their Biosynthesis in Cyanobacteria
Authors: Pattanaik Bagmi , Lindberg Pia
Published: January 2015

Terpenoids, or isoprenoids, are a family of compounds with great structural diversity which are essential for all living organisms. In cyanobacteria, they are synthesized from the methylerythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway, using glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and pyruvate produced by photosynthesis as substrates. The products of the MEP pathway are the isomeric five-carbon compounds isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate, which in turn form the basic building blocks for formation of all terpenoids. Many terpenoid compounds have useful properties and are of interest in the fields of pharmaceuticals and nutrition, and even potentially as future biofuels. The MEP pathway, its function and regulation, and the subsequent formation of terpenoids have not been fully elucidated in cyanobacteria, despite its relevance for biotechnological applications. In this review, we summarize the present knowledge about cyanobacterial terpenoid biosynthesis, both regarding the native metabolism and regarding metabolic engineering of cyanobacteria for heterologous production of non-native terpenoids.
L'intérêt général et l'investissement
Authors: Yon Guillaume
Published: January 2015

L’article se propose d’enquêter sur la construction d’un concept de théorie économique, le coût marginal à long terme. Il faut pour cela se plonger dans le travail des ingénieurs-économistes d’Électricité de France, qui, dans les années 1948-1949, alors qu’ils commencent à rebâtir complètement la tarification du nouveau monopole public, inventent la notion. Nous essaierons de montrer que le concept projette une réorganisation d’ampleur du parc de production, de façon à faire fonctionner dans le secteur électrique une certaine conception de l’intérêt général.
Dominées ou dominantes ?
Authors: Bouron Jean-Marie
Published: January 2015

Issus d’une même famille missionnaire, les Pères Blancs et les Sœurs Blanches évoluent en Haute-Volta et en Gold Coast à l’époque coloniale dans un rapport de complémentarité, mais également de dépendance. La tutelle des prêtres sur les religieuses donne à l’autorité cléricale les attributs du pouvoir masculin. Mais les femmes missionnaires trouvent dans leurs activités pastorales le moyen d’atténuer les rapports de domination. Par un processus de transaction hégémonique, elles exercent à leur tour une certaine ascendance sur les évangélisées. Elles peuvent surtout, en se présentant comme les actrices de l’émancipation des Africaines, prendre conscience de leur propre sujétion. Au cours des années 1950, le rapport de force semble désormais favorable aux Sœurs Blanches. Elles négocient alors avec les Pères Blancs leur complète autonomie.
Conflits du travail et action syndicale : une nouvelle jeunesse ?
Authors: Lallement Michel , Rey Frédéric
Published: January 2015

Depuis de nombreuses années, les conflits du travail semblent avoir déserté la scène des luttes sociales. Une illusion d’optique, si l’on veut bien considérer qu’émergent, aux côtés des formes anciennes (dont la grève au premier chef) de nouvelles manières de s’opposer qui, outre le fait de transformer la grammaire conflictuelle traditionnelle, se singularisent par le fait de se déployer sur des échelles allant du local à l’international. Ce dossier rassemble des analyses et des illustrations empiriques qui indiquent qu’en France comme ailleurs, un nouveau répertoire d’action collective est en train de voir le jour.
Joyce
Authors: Hennessy Alan
Published: January 2015

Bloomsday : faire la fête avec un personnage de roman, quel autre auteur pourrait rêver d’une pareille consécration populaire ?
Identité
Authors: Darwich Mahmoud
Published: January 2015

Ce poème, écrit en 1964, est devenu comme un refrain magique enflammant les cœurs et déchaînant les sentiments de fierté et d’enthousiasme des Palestiniens qui voient en lui plus un prophète qu’un poète tout simplement... Mahmoud Darwich, Poèmes palestiniens , Éditions du Cerf, 1989.
L'intangible et l'inestimable
Authors: Hénaff Marcel
Published: January 2015

Tandis que les biens matériels sont relativement aisés à évaluer parce qu’ils sont tangibles et quantifiables, les biens immatériels (ou «  intangibles  ») demandent une méthode plus complexe d’évaluation. Ainsi en va-t-il des savoirs, des services, des productions de l’esprit et de la culture en général. Il existe en effet un marché de tels biens et cela depuis qu’il existe des échanges marchands. Trois opérations le permettent : l’évaluation par unités mesure, le formatage des activités, l’échange ou le partage de ces biens. Mais au-delà de ces biens immatériels évaluables sur un marché, il y a des biens ou plutôt des valeurs qui ne le sont pas et ne le seront jamais ; ils ont rapport au talent, au don, à la confiance, à la dignité – bref à l’inestimable.
Entretien à propos de Ludovic Chemarin©
Authors: Beguet Damien , Ledoux P. Nicolas
Published: January 2015

À propos de Ludovic Chemarin© est un entretien entre Damien Beguet, Perrine Lacroix et P. Nicolas Ledoux réalisé pour la première apparition public du projet Ludovic Chemarin© à La BF15 (Lyon) en 2011. Cette discussion entre la responsable du lieu et les deux artistes permet de mieux cerner les enjeux conceptuels et formels d’un dispositif complexe et critique. Ce texte est un témoignage mais il a été depuis mis en forme et présenté régulièrement sous la forme d’affiches dans le cadre d’expositions aux côté de documents (contrats, produits dérivés) et de pièces de l’artiste. Il fait œuvre et participe au brouillage de l’entreprise Ludovic Chemarin©.
Love & its Lover
Authors: Kawala Anne
Published: January 2015

À tour de bras, elle apprend à prendre la loi par-dessus la jambe. Sur le bout des doigts, elle apprend à mettre sur sa langue la langue aux hommes jusqu’alors légalement réservée. Elle apprend la finance, la politique, le name-dropping, les portefeuilles, les influences, le marchandage, le chantage et les combines. (Suspending gems dripping :) Elle divorce.
Oikonomia & poièsis
Authors: Vallos Fabien
Published: January 2015

Ce texte est une proposition d’interprétation des liens, substantiels, conceptuels et théoriques, qui existent entre ce qu’il est possible de nommer économie et ce que nous nommons poésie . Notre hypothèse est qu’économie et poésie fonctionnent de la même manière du fait d’une contrainte ontologique forte imposée à la poésie. La modernité poétique essaie de s’en défaire et donc le poétique est un art récent.
Plausibilité et méthode de la théologie morale chez Klaus Demmer (1931-2014)
Authors: Dubrulle Luc
Published: January 2015

Klaus Demmer mort récemment est peu connu en France malgré une œuvre prolifique. L’affirmation du caractère scientifique de la théologie morale fondamentale est le cœur d’une réflexion en résonance avec la philosophie et les sciences empiriques. Quelque chose du geste théologique de Thomas d’Aquin a été reproduit par Demmer mais sans « archivisme ». La vérité morale est une autre grande motivation de ses travaux. Il a montré dans quelle mesure le questionnement sur le sujet de l’époque contemporaine était déjà celui du Docteur angélique. La spécificité scientifique de la théologie morale est de permettre aux sujets de réussir leur vie. Sur la double base de Vatican I et de Vatican II, Demmer explicite la « théologicité » de la théologie morale mais sans discrédit pour les outils philosophiques utilisés, à savoir, prioritairement chez lui, la philosophie transcendantale et la philosophie herméneutique. La théologie morale a, de plus, une sorte de « solidarité critique » avec les disciplines qu’elle côtoie, notamment les sciences empiriques (Popper, Kuhn). Elle adapte et affine sa communication par ce voisinage, comme le montre aussi le grand intérêt de Demmer pour la dimension juridique comme lieu-test.
Reliability and Application Variability of a Commercially Available Infrared Videonystagmography Unit
Authors: Gerling Amanda , Leu Szu-Yen , Morton Andrew J. , Echegoyen Julio , Nalbandian Angele , Lingua Robert W.
Published: January 2015

Purpose:

Nystagmus is a condition of involuntary eye movement. The causes for nystagmus may be congenital, idiopathic, or acquired. Considerable debate exists on the therapeutic potential of various surgical techniques. Currently, there are neither standardized protocols nor devices to record quantitative data on patients with clinical nystagmus undergoing various procedures at multiple centers to facilitate randomized prospective clinical trials.

Methods:

The authors evaluated the reliability and variability of a commercially available infrared videonystagmography unit by recording eye movement waveforms elicited from normal volunteers (n = 117, 13 patients, 9 trials) by different examiners (A, B, and C). Five movement characteristics were examined, including saccadic latency, velocity and precision, and pursuit gain and velocity.

Results:

The overall test/retest variability was low, where the median coefficient of variation of the three testers for all five eye movement categories was less than 15%, and less than 10% of the coefficients of variation calculated were more than 20%. However, there was a significant difference in interobserver variability for all outcomes, except saccade latency.

Conclusions:

The between-tester analysis was found to have greater variability than the test/retest reliability analysis. Future studies at multiple sites using videonystagmography measurements should aim to have each patient repeatedly tested by the same tester. In anticipation of multicenter, randomized, prospective clinical trials of surgical procedures for nystagmus, standardized protocols for nystagmographic data collection and analysis must be validated both within and among participating centers.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.2015;52(2):114–118.]
Stability of Optimization Trajectories for Designing Analog Circuits
Authors: Zemliak Alexander
Published: January 2015

In this chapter, the problem of computer time reduction for optimization of large electronic system is discussed. It is one of the essential problems of high-quality improvement of design, and it is defined by means of the generalized methodology for analog network optimization on the basis of the control theory formulation. It is shown that the main conception of this methodology is based on a special control vector which operates process of optimization and gives a solution of optimization problem during the minimal computing time. The problem of creation of a vector of optimal control is solved on the basis of direct Lyapunov method. Lyapunov function of optimization process is proposed to analyze a stability of trajectories of optimization. This function gives the opportunity of the analysis of stability of various strategies and is used as the basis for search of the optimal algorithm of designing.
Enhancing an Automatic Analog IC Design Flow by Using a Technology-Independent Module Generator
Authors: Canelas António , Martins Ricardo , Póvoa Ricardo , Lourenço Nuno , Guilherme Jorge , Horta Nuno
Published: January 2015

This chapter presents a new methodology to enhance the optimization process of an analog integrated circuit synthesis tool, AIDA-C, by taking into account the floorplan of the circuit. The addition of the new Analog Module Generator (AMG) in the AIDA framework creates the possibility to efficiently explore the circuit floorplan during the optimization process and to improve the quality of the final floorplan by adding complex device structures enhancing the layout matching, symmetry, and routing, reducing some of the non-idealities to which analog integrated circuits are so sensitive. The performance enhancement attained with AMG is demonstrated using a well-known benchmark circuit, optimized by AIDA-C with and without taking into account AMG's complex structures in the evaluation of the circuit's floorplan.
Backtracking ACO for RF-Circuit Design Optimization
Authors: Benhala Bachir , Kotti Mouna , Ahaitouf Ali , Fakhfakh Mourad
Published: January 2015

Sizing analog, mixed-signal, and particularly radio-frequency circuits generally relies on the experience of the designer. Metaheuristics have been recently proposed, and it has been shown that they can arguably replace the classical iterative simulation-based trial/error approaches. Among the most known metaheuristics, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) has already successfully been used to deal with analog circuit performance optimization. Despite the fact that ACO is robust and has a good intrinsic intensive research strategy, it suffers from its greedy requirement in computation time. In this chapter, the authors deal with the improvement of the ACO technique by integrating in this algorithm a backtracking search technique that has the role to act on the ratio of the accumulated pheromones, thus reducing the computation time. The new algorithm is called BA-ACO. Performances of BA-ACO are highlighted through some RF-applications. ADS simulation results are given to show the validity of the proposed algorithm.
Performance Analysis of Interconnects Based on Carbon Nanotubes for AMS/RF IC Design
Authors: Vargas-Bernal Rafael
Published: January 2015

Electrical interconnects are essential elements to transmit electrical current and/or to apply electrical voltage to the electronic devices found in an integrated circuit. With the introduction of carbon nanotubes in electronic applications, efficient and high-speed interconnects have allowed for optimizing the electrical performance of the integrated circuits. Additionally, technical problems, such as electromigration, large values of parasitic elements, large delays, and high thermal dissipation, presented in metallic interconnects based on copper, can be avoided. This chapter presents a performance analysis of interconnects used in AMS/RF IC design based on carbon nanotubes as the physical material where electrical variables are provided.
Radio Frequency Chaotic Circuit Design
Authors: Volos Christos , Kyprianidis Ioannis , Stouboulos Ioannis , Pham Viet-Thanh
Published: January 2015

In recent decades the design of nonlinear circuits, which are capable of generating chaotic oscillations from audio frequencies up to the optical band, is a great challenge due to their use as sources of chaotic carriers in a variety of applications. Therefore, this chapter is dedicated to this class of circuits. A brief history of the first nonlinear circuits, which were the most important stages in the evolution of chaotic circuits, is given at the beginning of the chapter. Next, one of the most well known nonlinear circuits, the circuit of Colpitts oscillator, and its modifications, operating from a few Hertz up to the microwave region, are described in detail. A novel modification of Colpitts oscillator, which has higher fundamental frequency than the others do and greater Lyapunov dimension is also studied. Finally, some interesting applications of this class of circuits are presented at the end of this chapter.
Habituation of Auditory Steady State Responses Evoked by Amplitudemodulated Acoustic Signals in Rats
Authors: Prado-Gutierrez Pavel , Castro-Fariñas Anisleidy , Morgado-Rodriguez Lisbet , Velarde-Reyes Ernesto , Martínez Agustín D. , Martínez-Montes Eduardo
Published: January 2015

Generation of the auditory steady state responses (ASSR) is commonly explained by the linear combination of random background noise activity and the stationary response. Based on this model, the decrease of amplitude that occurs over the sequential averaging of epochs of the raw data has been exclusively linked to the cancelation of noise. Nevertheless, this behavior might also reflect the non-stationary response of the ASSR generators. We tested this hypothesis by characterizing the ASSR time course in rats with different auditory maturational stages. ASSR were evoked by 8-kHz tones of different supra-threshold intensities, modulated in amplitude at 115 Hz. Results show that the ASSR amplitude habituated to the sustained stimulation and that dishabituation occurred when deviant stimuli were presented. ASSR habituation increased as animals became adults, suggesting that the ability to filter acoustic stimuli with no-relevant temporal information increased with age. Results are discussed in terms of the current model of the ASSR generation and analysis procedures. They might have implications for audiometric tests designed to assess hearing in subjects who cannot provide reliable results in the psychophysical trials.
The Christmas Cove Dyke of coastal Maine, USA, and regional sources for Early Mesozoic flood basalts in northeastern North America
Authors: McHone James Gregory , Hussey Arthur M. , West David P. , Bailey David G.
Published: January 2015

 

A large Early Mesozoic quartz tholeiite dyke has been mapped discontinuously for 190 km in southern coastal Maine, USA. Including its type locality at Christmas Cove (South Bristol, Maine, USA), the dyke has features of a generally ENE strike; dip usually steep to the SSE but abruptly turning very shallow in short sections; and widths of 9 to 35 m. The dyke rock has a distinctive cross-columnar field appearance, and a subophitic to micro-porphyritic texture with abundant Ti-bearing augite, calcic plagioclase, scattered euhedral orthopyroxene phenocrysts, and coarse-grained glomerophyric clumps of augite with plagioclase. Several 40Ar/39Ar whole-rock dates for this and associated regional dykes are close to 201 Ma, in agreement with ages of other Early Mesozoic dykes and basalts of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP). The geographic position, age, whole-rock chemistry, and petrography indicate that the Christmas Cove Dyke is co-magmatic or contiguous with the Higganum-Holden Dyke of southern New England, which was a source for the Talcott Basalt of the Early Mesozoic Hartford rift basin. The dyke system is a 700-km long fissure source for the earliest rift basin basalts preserved in northeastern North America, and it virtually connects the Hartford Basin and the Fundy Basin in Atlantic Canada. The Caraquet Dyke of New Brunswick and central Maine may be co-magmatic with the Buttress Dyke and Holyoke Basalt of southern New England, but lava from it is not preserved in Atlantic Canada or Maine.

 
Stratigraphic evolution of provenance in a thick conglomerate-dominated Carboniferous succession in the southern Isle Madame area, Nova Scotia, and paleogeographic implications
Authors: Force Eric
Published: January 2015

Thick conglomerate-dominated sedimentary successions of the Horton and lower Windsor groups in the southern Isle Madame area show provenance variations with stratigraphic position, based on pebble counts, petrographic observations, and facies trends throughout the conglomeratic units. These coarse clastic sediments were deposited in a transtensional basin that formed south of a splay of the Minas Fault Zone, now repeated by younger faults in the study area. A stratigraphic section 1300 m thick that includes the base of the Horton Group was derived mostly, if not entirely, from units in the Avalonian Mira terrane to the east. Similar provenance indications continue stratigraphically upward in this section and elsewhere on Isle Madame through the thick lower and central parts of the Horton Group. In the upper part of the Horton Group, an influx of high-grade metamorphic and deformed plutonic clasts is recorded in the conglomerates, and the percentage of this material continues to increase above a dark fine-grained interval and into the overlying Windsor Group. The metamorphic clasts strongly resemble local basement rocksexposed as belts between conglomeratic domains in Isle Madame, indicating that these deeper crustal rocks were unroofed within the former basin in the late Tournaisian, resulting in redirected drainage patterns. Paleocurrent and facies information suggest that the Mira terrane sources were located to the northwest at the time of deposition. Hence, paleogeographic reconstruction for the area involves not only unroofing of the deeper crustal rocks, but also dextral transcurrent movement to place the appropriate parts of the Mira terrane at the northwestern corner of exposed parts of the basin. This movement was along a subsequently deformed part of the Minas Fault Zone.
The camerate crinoid Scyphocrinites Zenker in the Upper Silurian or Lower Devonian of New Brunswick, Canada
Authors: Donovan Stephen K. , Miller Randall F.
Published: January 2015

The mid-Paleozoic Scyphocrinites Zenker has a distal attachment modified into a globular flotation structure and, uniquely for a crinoid, joined the obligate plankton. Such a flotation structure has been found in the Indian Point Formation (Pridolian to Lochkovian) of Flatlands, northern New Brunswick. It is most likely Pridolian (Upper Silurian) based on the primitive morphology. This identification is confirmed by the globular gross morphology, multi-plated calcite structure, age and similarity to coeval fossils from Cornwall, southwestern England.
Effect of application timing of glyphosate and saflufenacil as desiccants in dry edible bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: McNaughton Kristen E. , Blackshaw Robert E. , Waddell Kristine A. , Gulden Robert H. , Sikkema Peter H. , Gillard Chris L.
Published: January 2015

McNaughton, K. E., Blackshaw, R. E., Waddell, K. A., Gulden, R. H., Sikkema, P. H. and Gillard, C. L. 2015. Effect of application timing of glyphosate and saflufenacil as desiccants in dry edible bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 369–375. Early application of desiccants in dry edible bean may cause yield reductions and unacceptable herbicide residue levels, resulting in rejection of exported shipments. The effect of application timing of two registered desiccants, glyphosate and saflufenacil, was examined in 12 field trials conducted over a 4-yr period (2009–2012) at Exeter, Ontario, Carman, Manitoba, and Lethbridge, Alberta. Desiccants were applied alone and in combination at five crop maturation stages. When glyphosate or saflufenacil alone, or in combination, was applied at 100% crop maturity, herbicide residue levels were acceptable (less than 2.0 and 0.01 ppm for glyphosate and saflufenacil, respectively) and there was no reduction in yield or hundred seed weight. Glyphosate residues remained below 2.0 ppm when the desiccant was applied alone or with saflufenacil at 75% crop maturity, but crop yield decreased by 16% compared with the untreated control when glyphosate and saflufenacil were combined. Residue levels were unacceptable when glyphosate was applied at 0, 25, and 50% maturity; generally the earlier glyphosate was applied, the greater the residue concentration in the seeds at harvest. Although no application timing resulted in saflufenacil residues above 0.01 ppm, crop yield was reduced when the desiccant was applied at 0, 25, 50, and 75% crop maturity. This information will provide dry bean processors with the necessary information to design guidelines concerning the application timing of glyphosate and saflufenacil so that bean yield and quality remain unaffected and seed residues remain below accepted levels.