bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teaching strategies used by English First Additional Language teachers in teaching reading for comprehension
Authors: Dludla Sifiso , Govender Samantha , Mhlongo Hlengiwe
Published: December 2024

Reading is a fundamental skill essential for deep understanding and engagement across all subjects. This study explores Grade 6 teachers’ perspectives on strategies for teaching reading comprehension in the Intermediate Phase of English First Additional Language (EFAL). Using a multiple-case study design, it provides an in-depth exploration from various participants’ perspectives. The target population comprised Grade 6 EFAL teachers, with a purposeful sample of ten teachers from ten primary schools in the Nquthu circuit, uMzinyathi district, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. Data collection methods included individual face-to-face semi-structured in-depth interviews and classroom observations, offering a comprehensive understanding of teachers’ classroom practices and strategies. The study reveals a significant gap between teachers’ reported strategies and their actual classroom practices. While teachers are aware of effective strategies such as guided reading, skimming and scanning, and the top-down approach, their implementation often reverts to traditional methods, highlighting the need for professional development. The findings emphasize the importance of aligning teaching practices with theoretical frameworks like Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development to support learners effectively. Integrating assessments into the reading process is crucial for activating prior knowledge and confirming comprehension. Additionally, the study identifies a gap between teachers’ theoretical understanding and practical application of the Directed Reading Thinking Activity strategy. The study recommends bridging the gap between theory and practice through continuous professional development, practical training, and the availability of relevant resources to strengthen practices. Addressing these gaps can better foster reading comprehension skills, ultimately enhancing learners’ academic performance.
EVALUATING THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF SILVER AND ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES BIOSYNTHESIZED BY NEOWESTIELLOPSIS PERSICA A1387
Authors: Omid Sabzevari Joopari  , A. E Khajerahimi  , R. Kazempoor  , Nowruzi Bahareh
Published: December 2024

In this research, the antimicrobial properties of zinc oxide (ZnO NPs) and silver (AgNPs) nanoparticles, synthesized biologically using Neowestiellopsis persica through various methods (such as wet biomass, boiling biomass, supernatant, extracellular polysaccharides, and phycocyanin), were examined against fish pathogens including Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Pseudomonas putida. The nanoparticles were successfully created using all methods and characterized employing techniques like UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles was assessed using agar-well diffusion assays, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was utilized to analyze the ultrastructural interactions between the nanoparticles and the pathogens. Cytotoxicity was evaluated via the trypan blue exclusion method. Notably, nanoparticles generated through the boiling-biomass method demonstrated significantly enhanced characteristics. The analysis revealed two distinct populations of AgNPs measuring 78.82 nm (41.2%) and 91.28 nm (45.5%), along with a pronounced absorption peak at 68.6 nm (80.1%) for ZnO NPs. AgNPs exhibited the strongest growth inhibition against Pseudomonas putida and Edwardsiella tarda, whereas ZnO NPs showed the largest inhibition zone against Yersinia enterocolitica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Aeromonas hydrophila. TEM imagery illustrated the binding of nanoparticles to the outer membranes of Yersinia enterocolitica, compromising their structural integrity. The application of 25 µg/ml of AgNPs and 6.25 µg/ml of ZnO did not lead to significant cell death, but higher concentrations resulted in a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect. Ultimately, the findings of this study confirm that the antibacterial and cytotoxic attributes of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles, produced through the biosynthesis of Neowestiellopsis persica A1387, can be leveraged to meet future needs in aquaculture.
INOCULATION OF MULTI-TRAIT PLANT GROWTHPROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA FOR WHEAT GROWTH PROMOTION IN POTHOUSE CONDITIONS
Authors: Singhmar Raina , Singh Vivek , Bhatti Laxmi , Dalal Sudha , Malik Deepak Kumar
Published: December 2024

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are commonly used as inoculants to improve the growth and yield of wheat crops. Thus, the present study focused on the   isolating and screening of effective isolates with multi-traits PGPR activities related to plant growth and development. Bacterial strains RA4, RA11 and RA26 were showing plant growth promoting activities like potassium solubilization, phosphate solubilization, indole acetic acid production (IAA), hydrogen cyanide production (HCN), ammonium production, zinc solubilization, anti-fungal activity. The antibiotic pattern showed that bacterial isolates RA11 and RA26 were resistant against azithromycin, ampicillin and gentamicin. Identification of multi trait PGPR was carried out by 16s rRNA sequencing. Bacterial strains RA4, RA11 and RA26 were showing 99.93 %, 100 % and 99.97 % similarity and identified as Pseudomonas paraeruginosa, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively. A pot house experiment was conducted in order to check the efficacy of multi-trait PGPR as inoculants for wheat growth. In our study, bacterial strain Bacillus cereus (RA11) was showing maximum plant growth promotion in the presence of the RDK of NPK in pot house conditions. Generally, results of this study revealed that use of bio fertilizers had an effective and significant role in the growth of plants.
ANTILISTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CBD FOR THE PREVENTION OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES IN DAIRY PRODUCTS
Authors: Tahsin Kazi , Watson David , Xu William , Heinrichs David , Rizkalla Amin , Charpentier Paul
Published: December 2024

Research background. Herbal antimicrobials exist in plants and their derived compounds. One such compound is cannabidiol (CBD) extracted from the plant, Cannabis Sativa, also referred to as hemp or marijuana, has drawn interest for its alleged antibacterial and antioxidant abilities. With the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance and the desire to reduce antibiotics in the food industry, researchers are exploring the potential of cannabinoids as an alternative antimicrobial agent. The use of cannabidiol (CBD) in food and beverage products is a growing trend, it is also important for manufacturers to approach this new area with more studies. Milk is a key component in the production of most dairy produce. The products made from milk usually undergo various processes such as pasteurization, fermentation, curdling, and aging to create the final product. This study aims to examine the potential of CBD isolate as a antimicrobial agent which can be used in dairy products to reduce microbial growth and extend their shelf life.
Experimental approach. This paper investigated the antilmicrobial properties of CBD against L. monocytogenes in milk as the key solvent to perform studies. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of CBD in TSB was carried out at 37 °C in 24 h. CBD’s antilisterial activity was found for whole milk and skim milk at  4°C for 3 days by analyzing their respective growth and kill curves.
Results and conclusions Both the MIC and MBC for L. monocytogenes was found to be 2 µg/mL measured by dilution series and plating, respectively. CBD significantly slowed the growth of listeria populations in milk but its effectiveness of CBD was dependant on the fat content of milk. In this paper, we have discussed the potential for using and improving CBD as a preservative to combat L. monocytogenes in dairy products that use milk as a primary ingredient.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF NEW SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC PROCEDURES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF ROXITHROMYCIN IN BULK AND DOSAGE FORMS
Authors: MAHMOUDI Abdelghani , De Francia Silvia , Van Schepdael Ann
Published: December 2024

Novel sensitive spectrophotometric techniques were developed and validated for a quantitative estimation of roxithromycin (ROX) in bulk and pharmaceuticals. In alkaline medium, procedure (A) was performed by ion-pairs formation between the studied macrolide and 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonate to formed orange - products with maxima absorption at 454 nm. While the second method (B) was carried out for coupling the amino group of the cited macrolide with phylloquinone using the charge transfer reaction to form coloured products with λmax at 457 nm.
The methods presented good linearity in the range of concentrations between 1.0 - 28.8 μg/mL. Regression coefficients were 0.9997 and 0.9998 for methods (A) and (B), respectively, as well the detection limits were cited in 0.26-0.23 μg/mL. Validation measurements were rebuts, accurate and precise within %RSD values lower than 3.5%. These methods were successfully used to investigate roxithromycin quantitatively in tablets. Recoveries were 98.94–101.01% and no interferences were detected from excipients. Both procedures are rapid, simple and cost-effective and it can adopted quality control application of this antibiotic.
INSTRUMENTAL COLOUR, TEXTURE AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF PLJESKAVICA (TRADITIONAL SERBIAN MEAT PRODUCT) AFFECTED BY ADDITION OF FRESHLY EXTRACTED Allium ursinum L.
Authors: Stajić Slaviša , Stanišić Nikla , Miletić Nemanja , Petković Marko , Heinz Volker , Tomasevic Igor , Kurćubić Vladimir
Published: December 2024

Pljeskavica is a traditional Serbian burger-type meat product that is also very popular across the Balkan countries. The use of natural supplements containing various bioactive compounds, such as wild garlic (Allium ursinum L.) extracts, has gained more importance in the last several decades and has promising results for the prevention of the processes leading to detoriation. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of Allium ursinum L. freshly squeezed extract (FSAULE) on colour, texture and sensory attributes of raw and grilled pljeskavica during cold (10 days) and freeze storage (90 days). Control (CON) and three experimental treatments containing different concentrations of FSAULE were prepared – AUL1 (1.32 mL/kg), AUL2 (4.40 mL/kg) and AUL3 (8.79 mL/kg). Redness and yellowness of raw meat and backfat particles were not altered after the addition of different amounts of FSAULE throughout cold and freeze storage. Meat and backfat particles of raw AUL3 were significantly darker compared to CON and other AULs. The results of texture profile analysis indicate that the addition of different amounts of FSAULE did not alter instrumental texture properties. According to the check-all-that-apply analysis of sensory properties, AUL3 was mostly characterized by affirmative attributes – pleasant odour, taste, saltiness, softness, juiciness and ideal texture. The affirmative attributes that were not present in AULs, but were present in CON, were detected by a small number of consumers – from 2.8% (pleasant colour) to 15.0% (pleasant odour). Most consumers found that intense garlic odour (85.0%) and intense garlic-like taste (83.9%) were not present in either CON or AULs.
POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE PRETREATMENT OF NAPIER GRASS: CONDITIONS FOR ENHANCED REDUCING SUGAR AND BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION
Authors: Rama Mohan Poludasu
Published: December 2024

The recalcitrance of lignocellulosic feedstock needs to be altered for to produce fuels and chemicals. Pretreatment is used to enhance the reactivity of cellulose and the digestibility of biomass, resulting in the effective generation of fermentable sugars. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) is particularly effective at selectively removing lignin from biomass without excessively degrading cellulose and hemicellulose. Moreover, KOH is generally less corrosive than sodium hydroxide (NaOH), leading to lower maintenance costs for pretreatment equipment. In present study, Napier grass was utilized as the substrate for reducing sugar production. Proximate analysis indicated that Napier grass contains approximately 28.50±0.12% hemicellulose, 34.15±0.08% cellulose and 26.41±0.04% lignin. With the use of the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) method, pretreatment conditions were improved. The ideal conditions for KOH pretreatment of Napier grass were determined to be 6% KOH, 180 °C temperature, and a pretreatment time of 120 min. Higher yields of reducing sugars (43.29 g/L) were achieved by this optimized condition. By analyzing the experimental data, ANOVA helps in developing a reliable model that predicts the ideal conditions for increasing reducing sugar yield. Desirability functional studies were employed in optimization to identify ideal conditions that satisfy multiple criteria simultaneously, and the design was validated by trial experiments to ensure accuracy. Desirability studies confirmed that the optimal yield of reducing sugars, approximately 43.72 g/L, was achieved with 6.79% KOH concentration, at a temperature of 178.4°C, and a pretreatment duration of 119.6 min. The results are closely resembles the experimental values predicted by the response surface model. Substrates pretreated with higher KOH concentrations yielded more ethanol (72 g/L) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in SSF tests compared to those pretreated with lower KOH concentrations.
THE TOMATO POMACE AS A POTENTIAL NATURAL ANTIOXIDANT IN THE RAW COOKED MEAT PRODUCT
Authors: Mesárošová Andrea , Bobková Alica , Poláková Katarína , Demianová Alžbeta , Lidiková Judita , Kročko Miroslav , Tkáčová Jana , Mendelová Andrea , Švecová Terézia , Bobko Marek
Published: December 2024

One of the most significant vegetable crops grown globally is the tomato. Tomato pomace, a waste product that makes up around 4% (w/w) of the total tomato processed into tomato products, is wasted during the industrial processing of tomatoes into juice. Tomato pomace is a rich source of bioactive compounds that could be further used in the meat industry. Since there is a growing interest in replacing synthetic antioxidants with natural ones, tomato pomace has the potential for further use. In this paper, we focused on the possibility of adding tomato pomace to raw cooked meat products. We added 3 and 5 mL.kg-1 of extract to these products. The total antioxidant capacity of the extract was 12.07% and the total polyphenols content was at the level of 16.68 mg GAE.g-1. The addition of the extract had no significant effect on the pH of the meat products. The amount of MDA produced in the experimental groups was comparable to the group with the addition of ascorbic acid.
BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ZnO PHYTONANOPARTICLES OBTAINED FROM Annona muricata L. FRUIT PULP FOR POSSIBLE CO-ADMINISTRATION WITH PROBIOTICS STRAINS
Authors: Morales-Ruiz María Candelaria , Abud-Archila Miguel , Ventura-Canseco Lucía María Cristina , Gutiérrez-Miceli Federico Antonio , Valdez-Salas Benjamín , Luján-Hidalgo María Celina
Published: December 2024

Phytonanotechnology represents a new approach that uses plant extracts to synthesize metal oxide nanoparticles with higher biocompatibility. Recently, the production of ZnO phytonanoparticles (ZnO PTNPs) for food fortification has gained attention due to their lower risk and outstanding properties. Inclusion of ZnO PTNPs might have some effects as antimicrobial properties against pathogens strains, however, could result in challenges when intended to add probiotics in a nanofortified food matrix. For this reason, the co-administration of ZnO PTNPs with probiotics represents a new scenario for the development of modern functional food. This study aimed to evaluate the biological properties including the antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity, stability during gastrointestinal conditions, and the biological effect on the viability of a probiotic strain of ZnO phytonanoparticles obtained from soursop (Annona muricata L.) pulp for possible co-administration in food applications. The synthesis resulted in the formation of polydisperse ZnO nanowires with thicknesses ranging from 82 to167 nm and ζ potential values + 27.5 mV and +41.8, before and after sonication and stabilization protocol. ZnO PTNPs exhibited an improved antioxidant activity (IC50 = 6.14 mg/mL) compared with the ethanolic extract of Annona muricata L. Non-hemolytic activity in human erythrocytes was evidenced, whereas the interaction between ZnO PTNPs and Lactiplantibacillus fabifermentans BAL-27-ITTG allows the preservation of adequate viable counts of the probiotic microorganism (>1.2X109 UFC/mL), suggesting biocompatibility. Moreover, ZnO PTNPs were shown to be highly stable in stomachal and intestinal conditions with maximum rates of dissolution of 20% and 12%, respectively. Finally, it was confirmed a contribution of 45% of zinc for every dose of ZnO PTNPs used. The present study offers a promising path for the production of functional phytonanoparticles and suggests further investigation for future applications in food matrices.
Development Law in the Context of Legal Theory and Philosophy: Challenges and Opportunities Toward Social Justice
Authors: Karina Ica
Published: December 2024

This research project is an in-depth analysis of legal theory and philosophy in the context of the concept of development law. An understanding of how law functions as an instrument of social justice is crucial to this analysis. This research employs the literature study method to collect, distill, and interpret a range of academic sources pertaining to development law, social justice theory, and philosophical approaches that inform our understanding of justice in development. From a theoretical standpoint, this study draws upon relevant theories that emphasize equality of opportunity and resource distribution as a prerequisite for social justice. These theories are useful in emphasizing the importance of legislation that is capable of guaranteeing equal access and fair distribution. Furthermore, progressive legal theory and responsive legal thinking are investigated to ascertain how development law can serve as a dynamic instrument of change in alignment with social, cultural, and economic transformations. The findings of this research are anticipated to offer insight into how development law is not merely a collection of regulations but also an active instrument in fostering a more just and inclusive society. By incorporating aspects of social justice into development law, the prospect of realizing sustainable and balanced development is enhanced.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Global Journal of Health Science, Vol. 16, No. 11
Authors: Grey Erica
Published: December 2024

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Global Journal of Health Science, Vol. 16, No. 11, 2024.
Evaluating the Effect of Climate Risk on Financial Fragility in Arab Countries
Authors: Nabil Myvel
Published: December 2024

This study explores the impact of climate risk on the financial fragility in Arab countries, which is partitioned into four categories pursuant to the level of income from 2007 to 2019. This has been performed using an aggregate banking stability index, as a measure of financial fragility in 18 countries, including (i.e. Algeria, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen). The outcomes reveal that climate risk has significant positive effects on financial fragility. The findings show that importance of climate-related risk and some factors in explaining financial fragility, where broad money, domestic credit to private sector by banks, GDP growth, and income seem to have significant effects on financial fragility. Robustness test using alternative measures of financial fragility and changing estimation method to assure the reliance of study results. Both approaches confirm the previous findings. The study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on the effect of climate-related risk on banking stability in Arab countries over 13 years and emphasizing that climate risk is source of risk for the financial system. The research insights of this contribution can inform policymakers and central banks to assess climate-related financial risks, highlighting the need for a better understanding of the impact of climate shocks on world financial system across countries.
Excess Molar Viscosities and Excess Molar Gibbs Energies of The Mixtures of Tire Pyrolytic Oil + Diesel Fuel at 293.15 K and 303.15 K
Authors: Vural Ufuk Sancar
Published: December 2024

Diesel-like fuel mixtures are obtained by blending the pyrolytic oil obtained from the pyrolysis of tires and diesel fuel. The excess thermodynamic properties of blended fuel mixtures give a preliminary idea about the transport, storage and combustion properties of the fuel mixture. In this study, pyrolytic oil and diesel fuel were mixed in different proportions at temperatures of 293.15 K and 303.15 K and their excess molar properties were determined. A positive deviation was observed in the excess molar volume and excess molar Gibbs energy values of the two-component mixture, and a negative deviation was observed in the excess molar viscosity values. Volumetric expansion and flow rate of the mixture were found to be higher at 303.15 K. It has been observed that at low pyrolytic oil concentrations, dispersive and physical forces are dominant between molecules, while at high pyrolytic oil concentrations, π-π interactions are more dominant for the molecules.
SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISATION CHANGES IN POLYSULFONE AND POLYETHERSULFONE ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANES
Authors:   Tambov State Technical University, LAZAREV S.I. , KHOROKHORINA I.V. , FILIMONOVA O.S. ,   Tambov State Technical University, POLYANSKY K.K. ,   Voronezh Branch of Plekhanov Russian University of Economics
Published: December 2024

The analysis of works on the study of structural transformation of semipermeable membranes in the processes of ultrafiltration separation of solutions has been carried out. Experimental studies were carried out using IR spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy of polysulfone and polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes to identify structural changes in the active layer. When the water swelling of the membranes under study changes in the spectral region of CH3 stretching, the bands in the IR spectra noticeably decrease with an increase in the content of weakly, moderately and strongly bound water in the pore space of polysulfone and polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes. The Raman spectra of dry and water-saturated polysulfone and polyethersulfone membranes differ only in the relative intensity of CH stretching vibrations. These changes in the IR spectra are caused by hydration. The width of the infrared bands SO2- and C-O-C systematically changes during swelling (range 1350...900 cm-1). They are wide for a dry membrane and narrow as the water content increases. At the same time, small shifts (from 2 to 6 cm-1) towards longer wavenumbers are observed. Water swelling of polysulfone membranes leads to obvious changes in the spectral region (vibrations of hydroxyl OH groups). When comparing the spectra of air-dry and water-saturated samples, it is clear that possible interchain interactions involving SO2- and C-O-C groups are destroyed.
HYDROTHERMAL CONVERSION OF ORGANIC MATTER OF LOW-PERMEABILITY DOMANIC SHALE ROCK INTO GASEOUS AND LIQUID HYDROCARBONS UNDER A CARBON DIOXIDE ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, MIKHAILOVA A.N. , SAID SH.A. , SUWEID M.A. , AL-MUNTASER A.A. , ZHOU S. , MOROZOV V.P. , FEOKTISTOV D.A. , EMELYANOV D.A. , MOROZOVA E.V. ,   Kazan Federal University
Published: December 2024

A study was conducted to determine whether temperature influences the nature of organic matter transformation in low-permeable rock of the Mendym deposits Upper Devonian of the Tavel oil field (Tatarstan). An experiment was conducted at 250°C, 300°C, and 350°C in a carbon dioxide environment with a 1:1 water to rock ratio and an exposure time of 24 hours in a carbon dioxide environment. The degree of kerogen conversion in the rock was determined, changes in the composition of the formed gases, group and hydrocarbon composition were assessed extracts (composed of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons) from the rock before and after hydrothermal experiments. It was established that under these experimental conditions at a temperature of 250°C, a decrease in the content of saturated hydrocarbons and an increase in asphaltenes is observed in the extract composition, which indicates the process of desorption of asphaltenes from the kerogen surface and extraction of free hydrocarbons from the rock. At a temperature of 300°C, the yield of the extract increases slightly, however, as a result of the destruction of kerogen and high-molecular components (mainly resins), new hydrocarbons are formed, the content of saturated hydrocarbons increases from 14.53 to 27.34% compared to the original extract. The greatest changes in the composition of gaseous products and extract occur at 350°C, which is reflected in the almost complete extraction of hydrocarbons from the rock, the greatest increase in the yield of hydrocarbon and inorganic gases, and an increase in the content of light hydrocarbons in the composition of the extracts obtained. The content of saturated hydrocarbons increases to 35.29%, aromatic hydrocarbons from 23.11 to 31.11%, while the asphaltenes content decreases by more than 2.5 times. According to the molecular weight distribution data of aromatic hydrocarbons, it has been established that the transformation of organic matter at 350°C is most accompanied by the separation of di-, tricyclic and heterocyclic sulfur-containing aromatic fragments from polycondensed structures.
STUDY OF THE APPLICABILITY OF NEURAL FUZZY AND NEURAL NETWORK MODELING FOR THE EXTRACTION AND RECOGNITION OF CONTOURS IN IMAGES
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev, NAZAROV M.A. , EMALETDINOVA L.YU. ,   Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev
Published: December 2024

The article describes a technique for recognizing objects in images based on neuro-fuzzy modeling of decision-making on pixel contours and neural network classification of selected object contours using features calculated by the fast Fourier transform. The proposed technique is based on solving four problems: building and using a neuro-fuzzy model for making a decision on an image pixel contour depending on the brightness difference of its eight surrounding pixels, tracking individual contours, forming a feature vector, and neural network classification of features of the contour in question. When describing the neuro-fuzzy model, the linguistic variables used, the type of fuzzy production rules, the main idea of the rule base formation algorithm, and the difference and feature of the genetic algorithm used are described. To track individual contours in a binary image, the Moore method is used, which allows obtaining an array containing sets of coordinates describing individual contours. The features of the selected contour are formed using the Fourier transform. The obtained features are invariant with respect to displacement, scaling, and rotation. The article describes the basic idea of the algorithm for constructing a training sample for a neural network classifier model. It describes the composition of the developed software package that implements the proposed method. It describes an experiment that determines the possibility of using the developed neuro-fuzzy model to detect continuous closed (without gaps) contours on a noisy image with a small PSNR value. Experimental studies on images taken from the open dataset “Kaggle - Roundabout Aerial Images for Vehicle Detection” and other sources have shown the possibility of using the developed neuro-fuzzy model for images with a “similar” distribution of the brightness gradient. It is concluded that further research is needed to determine the criterion of “similarity” of the distribution of the brightness gradient of neighboring pixels in an image for adequate application of the neuro-fuzzy model.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ACTIVITY AND SELECTIVITY OF LD-145 CATALYST REGENERATED BY SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION PROCESS USING SUPERCRITICAL PROPANE/BUTANE MIXTURE AND SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE AS AN EXTRACTANT
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technological University, KHAZIPOV M.R. , SAGDEEV A.A. , SAGDEEVA G.S. , LATYPOV D.N. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University
Published: December 2024

A comparative analysis of activity and selectivity of nickel-molybdenum catalyst LD-14 5samples regenerated by supercritical fluid extraction process using supercritical propane/butane mixture and supercritical carbon dioxide as an extractant was carried out. The activity and selectivity of the catalysts were evaluated by steady-state method in a 200 ml autoclave. The process was carried out in hydrogen medium at a temperature of 573 K and a pressure of 3.0 MPa. The products obtained during the reactions were identified on an Agilent chromatography-mass spectrometer with a quadrupole mass analyzer. The separation was carried out on a capillary column with nonpolar stationary phase (DB&HP-5MS UI). The conversion of dibenzothiophene (DBT) was used to evaluate the activity of the catalysts in hydrodesulfination reactions, and the selectivity of direct desulfurization and hydrogenation was determined. The method of catalytic tests under steady-state conditions used in this work is a comparative method and allows to obtain relative data on the activity and selectivity of catalysts under proper selection of experimental conditions (average conversion at the level of 40-60 %). The results of the analysis show that the samples regenerated using supercritical carbon dioxide exhibit higher activity than those regenerated using supercritical propane/butane mixture. The highest hydrogenation capacity was achieved on the samples regenerated with supercritical carbon dioxide, modified with hexane and ethanol, they have 84% and 82.6% conversion of methylnaphthalene, respectively, and recovered activity in hydrodesulfination reactions (DBT conversion 64.6% and 69.1%). The obtained data are in full agreement with the results of studies carried out earlier on the flow unit. Thus, on the basis of catalytic tests it has been established that regeneration of spent nickel-molybdenum catalyst LD-145 should be carried out by supercritical fluid extraction process using supercritical carbon dioxide modified with hexane or ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY OF COMPLEX PROCESSING OF A MIXTURE OF HEXAFLUOROSILICIC AND HYDROFLUORIC ACIDS - BY-PRODUCT OF HYDROFLUORIC ACID PRODUCTION
Authors:   JSC Tajik Aluminium Company, RAJABZODA N.KH. , SHOKARIMOV S.M. ,   Tajik National University, NAIMOV N.A. ,   Scientific Research Institute of Metallurgy JSC TALCO, RAFIEV R.S. ,   Tajik National University,, SATTOROV S.A. ,   Сhemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Safety and Security Agency of NAST
Published: December 2024

The paper presents the results of laboratory studies on obtaining a number of important products such as AlF3, white carbon black, sodium silicate solution and cryolite at multistage processing of a mixture of hexafluorosilicic acid (HFSA) and hydrofluoric acid - a by-product of TALCO Chemical Ltd. enterprises. The technological mode of the acid mixture utilisation using Al(OH)3 was established: t - 85 °C, treatment duration - 15 min, HFSA concentration - 15%, HFSA dosage - 120% of stoichiometry. Under such conditions the degree of amorphous silica separation is 99.8%. The optimum parameters of the crystallisation process of aluminium fluoride dissolved in acidic medium after filtration of amorphous silica were found: t - 90 °C, τ - 180 min, introduction of inoculum - 20% of the total mass. At the same time 94% of aluminium fluoride crystallises. Besides, the technology of liquid glass production from amorphous silica was studied according to the results of which the obtained product had the following technical parameters: silicate module - 3,29; density (ρ) - 1,40 g/cm3; content (wt.%) SiO2 - 28,06; Na2O - 9,17. The technology of cryolite production from aluminium fluoride solution has been investigated. The optimum mode of the process was found: t - 65-85 °C, τ - 5-10 min, NaF solution dosage - 100% of stoichiometry. Under such conditions the degree of cryolite extraction is more than 98%. The obtained cryolite had the following chemical composition (wt.%): Al - 12.68, F - 53.86, Na - 32.62. The purity and reliability of formation of the above-mentioned products were confirmed by physicochemical methods of analysis. According to the results of researches the basic technological scheme of complex processing of a mixture of hexafluorosilicic and hydrofluoric acids with the purpose of reception of a number of valuable products is developed.
Calculatrices
Authors: Nicoud Jean-Daniel
Published: December 2024

La compréhension des microprocesseurs et de leur environnement matériel et logiciel fait appel à des notions variées qui font l’objet de ce volume. Une analyse détaillée des nombres et opérations binaires éclaire les principes architecturaux définis il y a 35 ans par von Neumann principalement. Toute opération complexe est décomposée en une suite d’instructions élémentaires, codées en binaire et alignées en mémoire. Le langage d’assemblage permet d’écrire ces instructions dans un langage plus clair, traduit par l’ordinateur lui-même en langage machine. Autour du processeur se trouvent la mémoire et des périphériques, reliés au processeur par l’intermédiaire d’interfaces. Les périphériques interrompent le processeur, qui est amené à exécuter plusieurs tâches quasi-simultanément. Ce volume se veut indépendant de tout implémentation particulière. Il insiste sur les principes et s’inspire des caractéristiques actuelles et futures des microprocesseurs 8, 16 et 32 bits, de façon à faciliter la compréhension de la documentation spécialisée.
Evaluating India’s Position in Pragmatic Clinical Trial for Public Healthcare: A Key to Real World Healthcare Solutions
Authors: Besekar Smruti , Jogdand Sangita , Patel Satyawan Singh
Published: December 2024

Pragmatic Clinical Trials (PCTs) are valuable tools for evaluating interventions in real-world settings, providing insights for clinical practice. Unlike traditional randomized controlled trial (RCTs), PCTs generate real-world evidence for better decision-making. With 615 reported globally between 1967 and 2017, a 58% increase from 2013 to 2017, India has only one registered PCT, indicating a gap in its adoption. This review examines national clinical trial registries, PubMed database for PCTs till 2024, comparing data across different nations. The study reveals a significant shortage of PCTs in India and a lack of awareness of frameworks like Pragmatic Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary 2. India faces challenges in implementing PCTs due to low awareness, inadequate infrastructure, and logistical hurdles. However, with regulatory reforms, international collaboration, and infrastructure improvements, India can become a key player in advancing PCTs. Increased awareness and researcher training will contribute to better healthcare outcomes both domestically and globally.
Clinico-Epidemiological Profile of Women with High-Risk Pregnancies Attending Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Clinic in A Rural Block of Purba Bardhaman District, West Bengal
Authors: Hossain Arif , Mondal Raston , Goswami Pramit , Dutta Deepta , Taraphdar Pranita , Sannigrahi Suman , Dandapat Soumik
Published: December 2024

Background: High-risk pregnancies (HRPs) significantly contribute to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in India. However, many pregnancies remain unclassified as high-risk. To address this, the Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA) was launched to improve the quality and coverage of antenatal care (ANC). This study aimed to estimate the proportion of HRPs and their correlates among PMSMA beneficiaries in a rural block of Purba-Bardhaman district, West Bengal.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted over six-month period at Pradhan-Mantri- Surakshit-Matritva (PMSM) Clinic among 190 women were selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected by reviewing records as well as from selected study subjects using a pre-designed schedule and analysed using Jamovi v-2.4.8.
Results: Data analysis revealed that 65.3% of pregnancies were high-risk, with 75% of these involving a single high-risk factor and 25% having multiple factors. The leading contributors were hypothyroidism (19.6%), previous Caesarean-section (14.2%), and pregnancy-induced hypertension (13.7%). Statistically significant associations were found between HRPs and caste, occupation, and ANC-registration status.
Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of improving antenatal care by enhancing screening and interventions. Future research and healthcare policies should focus on comprehensive strategies to identify and manage risks, improving maternal and infant health outcomes.
The Effect of Hydroponic Fertilizers on The Growth of Aquarium Plants, Vallisneria natans
Authors:   Department of Aquaculture, Palangka Raya Christian University, Palangka Raya, Indonesia, Sulistiyarto Bambang , Fransiska Holla ,   Department of Aquaculture, Palangka Raya Christian University, Palangka Raya, Indonesia, Sari Yunita ,   Department of Aquaculture, Palangka Raya Christian University, Palangka Raya, Indonesia
Published: December 2024

Vallisneria natans is one of the favorite aquarium plants for making aquascape. This study aims to determine the effect of hydroponic fertilizer on the growth of V. natans. The research used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 6 replications. Treatment A without hydroponic fertilizer with a TDS level of 47 mg.L-1, and treatment using hydroponic fertilizer at a TDS level of 87 mg.L-1 (B), 127 mg.L-1 (C), and 167 mg.L-1 (D). V. natans was grown for 45 days. The parameters measured include the length growth of leaf and water quality conditions including TDS, temperature and pH. The results showed that the pH and water temperature conditions were still within the tolerable range for the growth of V. natans. The water temperature ranged from 26.1 - 29.0 ºC, and the water pH ranged from 5.47 - 7.65. Length growth of leaf in the treatment without fertilizer was 17.67 ± 2.04 cm, while the treatment of hydroponic fertilizer at TDS level of 87 mg.L-1, 127 mg.L-1 and 167 mg.L-1 produced leaves with length of 20.75 ± 1.67 cm, 20.83 ± 3.82 cm, and 22.42 ± 1.11 cm respectively. Increasing the levels of hydroponic fertilizer tended to increase length growth of leaf according to the logarithmic model (y = 3.1926ln (x) + 17.88; R² = 0.9328). Thus, hydroponic fertilizer can be used as liquid fertilizer in V. natans cultivation with TDS levels ranging from 87 - 167 mg.L-1.
SBR elastomer response to renewable diesel blends: An experimental investigation
Authors: WIMADA Andrias Rahman , NITAMIWATI Ni Putu Dian , PRATIWI Fatimah Tresna , SOLIKHAH Maharanni Dewi , BARUS Bina Restituta , WIJANARKO Eki Dwi , ANGGARANI Riesta , ASIYAH Lies , WIDODO Setyo , THAHAR Arfi , WIRAWAN Soni Solistia
Published: December 2024

To investigate the impact of Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) exposure to renewable fuels during handling and storage processes, compatibility tests were conducted on three different renewable fuel mixtures: 30% biodiesel, 40% biodiesel, and 30% biodiesel + 10% hydrogenated vegetable oil. These tests involved static immersion experiments conducted at room temperature for a duration of 1000 h, following the ASTM D471 standards. Before and after the immersion tests, the physical properties and visually assessed elastomers concentrations were investigated by varying the SBR content. Additionally, the post-immersion fuel properties were examined. The results showed that mass and volume swelling increased with the SBR-to-bound sulfur ratio. Enhanced mechanical strength was observed, particularly in cases with medium SBR content, which correlated with higher carbon black concentrations. The increasingly subtle morphological appearance was also captured via SEM. After immersion, fuel characterization showed that parameters such as acid number and water content remained stable without significant alterations.
Exploring the Quality of Care and the Nursing Practice Environment in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Ameer Waqar , Ahmad Zubair , Aljounaidi Abdoulrahman , Atiek Al-Harath
Published: December 2024

The practice environment significantly influences healthcare quality, particularly in nursing. In Saudi Arabia, the quality of nursing services faces challenges due to a high ratio of expatriate nurses and unique workplace conditions. This study analyzes the Nursing Work Index Scale (NWIS) to evaluate the Practice Environment Scale (PES) and its subscales. Additionally, it explores the relationship between demographic variables and subscale outcomes. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire distributed to 573 staff nurses in a public hospital (1200-bed capacity) managed by the Ministry of Health. Data was collected in October 2021, with 384 nurses responding. The PES-NWIS was utilized to measure nurses' perceptions of their work environment on a four-point scale. The overall mean score for the PES-NWIS was 2.94 (SD ± 0.753), with all five subscale scores exceeding the midpoint of 2.5. The highest scores were observed for "Nursing Foundations for Quality of Care" (3.02, SD ± 0.753), followed by "Collegial Nurse–Physician Relations" (2.99, SD ± 0.822), and "Nurse Manager Ability, Leadership, and Support" (2.98, SD ± 0.819). The lowest score was for "Staffing and Resource Adequacy" (2.56, SD ± 0.993). A healthy work environment positively impacts nursing outcomes and healthcare quality. Promoting a supportive nursing practice environment benefits patients, nurses, and the broader healthcare team, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions in Saudi hospitals.
O direito à saúde e a justiça intergeracional no contexto da pandemia COVID-19: para além de um compromisso ético com as futuras gerações
Authors: Sturza Janaína Machado , Sippert Evandro Luis
Published: December 2024

O momento histórico, vivenciado em um passado recente, é marcado por crises sociais, culturais e naturais, agravadas pelo caos sanitário e humanitário provocado pela pandemia Covid-19, a qual afetou a saúde e, consequentemente, a vida das pessoas – logo, enquanto seres humanos que somos, devemos ter consciência da plena responsabilidade perante as futuras gerações. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo objetiva propor uma interlocução entre o acesso à saúde e a justiça intergeracional, relacionando-os ao momento histórico da pandemia Covid-19. O problema de pesquisa norteador da discussão apresenta-se assim: é possível estabelecer um diálogo entre saúde e justiça intergeracional sob a perspectiva de um compromisso ético com as futuras gerações? Para a realização desta pesquisa, a qual se trata de um estudo bibliográfico, utilizou-se o método de abordagem dedutivo. Verificou-se, ao final, que em se tratando de justiça entre gerações, muitas escolhas atuais terão impacto sobre as gerações futuras, inclusive na própria identidade das pessoas vindouras.
Desjudicialização e acesso à justiça: a (in)efetividade da conciliação e mediação nos cartórios extrajudiciais
Authors: Sartori Matheus Cerazi , Ribas Lídia Maria
Published: December 2024

O presente trabalho ante as questões deficitárias de acesso à justiça no Brasil, oportunizou por debater a conciliação e mediação em cartório por serem instrumentos hábeis para auxiliar os problemas existentes com a judicialização. A pesquisa analisou se as normativas implementadas para realização dos métodos adequados nas serventias notarias e registrais estavam surtindo efeito; se estivessem, demonstraria sua efetividade para garantir o acesso à justiça; caso não, apresentaria os motivos e possíveis soluções para os problemas identificados. Diante dos resultados, concluiu-se que a prática está sendo irrisória, ainda mais quando comparada com as câmaras privadas. Com isso, instrumentalizou possíveis implementos de políticas públicas visando a melhora dos problemas apresentados. A metodologia de pesquisa lastreou-se no método hipotético-dedutivo por meio de uma abordagem de pesquisa aplicada, com consulta bibliográfica, bem como análise qualitativa de dados.
Distopia cibernética e meio ambiente digital
Authors: Kobe Willian Ryutaro , Ferreira Heline Sivini , Freitas Cinthia Obladen de Almendra
Published: December 2024

exploração excessiva de dados no meio digital perturba o equilíbrio do meio ambiente digital, gerando riscos concretos conforme a Teoria de Beck. A pesquisa abordou exemplos de vazamentos de dados, como os do Grupo Meta em 2018, da Microsoft em junho de 2023 e do programa Auxílio Brasil do Governo Federal em 2022. Isso cria uma distopia cibernética onde a segurança do ciberespaço e das pessoas que a ele se vinculam é comprometida. A pesquisa investiga se esses riscos podem ser mensurados e mitigados juridicamente. A hipótese é que a nocividade desses riscos é imensurável, mas pode ser contida pelo Direito. Conclui-se que a legislação deve promover o debate e a regulamentação para proteção de dados, visando combater os riscos concretos mencionados.
Atenção farmacêutica em pacientes com câncer de colo do útero
Authors: Monteiro Caroline da Silva , Costa Isadora Soares Oliveira , Farias Kaylane Simões , Carvalho Amanda Bezerra , Cardoso Thiago Coelho
Published: December 2024

Introdução: O câncer do colo do útero, causado principalmente pelo HPV, é uma das neoplasias mais prevalentes em mulheres e uma importante questão de saúde pública. A prevenção e o tratamento adequado desse tipo de câncer dependem de uma abordagem multidisciplinar, na qual a atenção farmacêutica desempenha papel fundamental. Objetivo Geral: a atenção farmacêutica em pacientes com câncer de colo do útero. Metodologia: realizou-se uma revisão sistemática conforme a metodologia Prisma, consultando as bases de dados SCIELO, PubMed e BVS. Foram analisados 15 artigos selecionados com base em critérios de elegibilidade, incluindo ano de publicação (2014-2024) e relevância. A análise focou em métodos de prevenção, efeitos dos tratamentos na qualidade de vida e o papel do farmacêutico na equipe multidisciplinar. Resultados: Foram identificados 848 artigos nas bases de dados SCIELO, BVS e PUBMED, dos quais 316 foram excluídos como duplicados. Após aplicar critérios de inclusão e exclusão, restaram 224 artigos avaliados integralmente, dos quais 15 foram selecionados para análise final. Os artigos abordam a importância da atuação farmacêutica no tratamento do câncer de colo do útero. Conclusão: O diagnóstico de câncer do colo do útero gera emoções intensas nas mulheres, como negação e depressão, principalmente devido aos efeitos colaterais dos tratamentos. O farmacêutico desempenha um papel crucial ao fornecer suporte clínico, emocional e educacional, facilitando a adesão ao tratamento. A atenção farmacêutica assegura a segurança e eficácia do manejo dos medicamentos, promovendo melhores resultados clínicos e qualidade de vida para as pacientes.