bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of nitrogen sources on ethanol production by Saccharomyces Spp in the presence of formic acid
Authors: Oshoma C.E. , Obueh Henrietta O.
Published: April 2021

Formic acid is one of the major inhibitory compounds present in hydrolysates derived from lignocellulosic materials, the presence of which can significantly hamper the efficiency of converting available sugars in the hydrolysates to bioethanol. The influence of different nitrogen sources supplemented media on bioethanol fermentation with Saccharomyces spp in the presence of formic acid was studied. The addition of ammonium sulphate and urea significantly increased cell number, glucose utilization, ethanol and glycerol production when compared with control media. It was observed that supplementation with nitrogen sources contributed assimilable nitrogen for the yeast strains growth when stressed with formic acid. The best concentration of nitrogen to be utilized by yeast was found to be 0.80 gN/L. The maximum cell numbers were 8.17± 0.23x 107 and 8.68± 0.16x 107 cells/mL for ammonium sulphate medium while control had the least of 4.00± 0.20x 107 and 4.97± 0.08x 107 cells/mL for S. cerevisiae NCYC2592 and S. arboricolus 2.3319 respectively. Ethanol accumulation increased with the consumption of glucose. The maximum ethanol production were 20.49 ± 1.24 and 19.74± 0.89 g/L using ammonium sulphate for S. cerevisiae NCYC2592 and S. arboricolus 2.3319 respectively. There was significant difference in ethanol production when the nitrogen sources were compared with the control medium (p< 0.05). The highest glycerol produced were 2.21 ± 0.04 and 3.11± 0.05 g/L using ammonium sulphate for S. cerevisiae NCYC2592 and S. arboricolus 2.3319 respectively. The conclusion was that yeast tolerance to formic acid and ethanol production could be achieved when fermentation medium is supplemented with nitrogen sources specifically ammonium sulphate.Keywords: Lignocellulose, inhibitors, Saccharomyces, fermentation, yeast, biofuel
Characterization and physico-chemical analysis of essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus leaves
Authors: Olayemi R.F. , Jawonisi I.O. , Samuel J.A.
Published: April 2021

The genus Cymbopogon is important from the point of view of their essential oils. Essential oils from these species are widely used in flavours, fragrances, cosmetics, soaps, detergents and perfumery owing to their typical lemon-like aroma. Essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus was extracted by hydrodistillation and characterized using Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR).The oil was also subjected to physico-chemical analysis, the physical and chemical properties evaluated were Boiling point (74oC), Specific gravity (0.8960), Refractive index (1.4838) and pH (6.00) at 25oC. Saponification value(109.76) and Acid value (0.55) mg KOH/g oil. Iodine value (100g of I2/g oil) 105, Ester value (189.21), Residue on evaporation (10%) at 100oC.The chemical composition of the essential oil analyzed by GC-MS showed citral (31.1%), β-Myrcene (14.2%), citronellal  (9.8%), limonene  oxide (7.7%), eraniol (7.3%) and linalool (6.2%) as the major compounds. The FTIR spectra revealed the presence of n-alkane, conjugated alkene, primary amide, amine, aldehyde, primary and secondary alcohols. The results obtained from the physico-chemical parameters, and functional groups identified by FTIR as well as the compounds identified by GC-MS revealed that the oil has medicinal and nutritive values as well as industrial applications in the pharmaceutical, perfumery and cosmetic industries .Keywords: Characterization, Citral, Cymbopogon citratus, Essential oil, FTIR, GC-MS
Effect of organic fertilizer on nutritional status of Hibiscus sabdariffa at a vegetative stage of growth
Authors: Getso M.M. , Sallau M.S. , Abechi S.E. , Uba S
Published: April 2021

Field experiment was conducted at Research Farm of Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, to determine the effects of organic fertilizer on the nutritional status of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle). The results obtained indicated the manure fertilizer to be higher in protein (20.910%) and crude fiber contents (12.047%), Zn (30.689mg/kg) and Cu (18.571mg/kg) concentrations, no Pb was detected at all. However, the difference that exists amongst the fertilizers (T2 and T3) and poultry manure (T1) was found to be insignificant in so many parameters. Therefore, the study work with regard to the findings revealed that organic fertilizer (poultry manure) had the potential over the inorganic fertilizers for the dietary nutrients yielding in vegetables Hibiscus sabdariffa. However, the information will economically favor our local farmers and users to adapt the cheapest poultry manure for the optimum yield of qualitative produce vegetable as prospective against malnutrition in Nigeria especially North East where endemically affected by war.Keywords: Roselle leaves, vegetative stage, proximate analysis, elements, Kano
Effect of Macrophomina phaseolina, organic manure and spent engine oil on Luffa aegyptica (Mill)
Authors: Ani E , Adekunle A.A. , Kadiri A.B. , Njoku K.L.
Published: April 2021

There is an increasing environmental concern over improper disposal of spent engine oil (SEO) from serviced engines. These concerns are the results of increasing pollution of the environment by SEO with its negative consequences on plants and other forms of life. The present study assessed the effect of Macrophomina phaseolina and nutritional amendment on Luffa aegyptiaca grown on spent engine oil polluted soil in a screen house. The effect of SEO and nutritional amendment on L. aegyptiaca was assessed on germination, plant height, leaf area, stem girt and number of leaves. Two concentrations of SEO (100 and 200ml) in four kilogram of soil were used in four replications each. Results show that SEO adversely affected the germination and growth of L aegyptiaca as delayed germination, reduction in heights, leaf area and number of leaves were observed in the crop planted in SEO polluted soil. Germination (emergence) of L. aegyptiaca seeds planted in SEO polluted soil began after four days compared to two days for plants in untreated soil. Germination efficiency for seeds planted in unpolluted soil was up to 100% but reduced to 20% when the soil was polluted with SEO. However, nutritional amendment and M. phaseolina increased seed germination in SEO polluted soil from 20% to 60%. Nutritional amendment and M. phaseolina were thus shown to enhance the germination and growth of L. aegyptiaca in SEO polluted soil.Keywords: Macrophomina phaseolina, Luffa aegyptiaca, Germination, Effect, Spent engine oil
Leaf epidermal anatomy of Ipomoea carnea Jacq sampled from selected areas in Gombe State, Nigeria
Authors: Abba H.M. , Abdullahi A , Yuguda U.A.
Published: April 2021

Leaf epidermal microscopy of Ipomoea carnea Jacq was studied to investigate the structure of the stomata and epidermal features which may be used for delimitation of the specie. Fresh leaves of Ipomoea carnea were obtained from five different LGA,S (Gombe, Y/deba, Balanga, Funakaye and Dukku ) in Gombe State, Nigeria. The specimens were studied under light microscope to examine the Stomatal features, Epidermal cell shapes and Anticlinal cell-wall patterns. It had the presence of amphistomatic leaves; one type of Stomatal complex type namely Cyclocytic. Accession 1 had the highest Stomatal Density (40.00 ± 1.00mm2) with lowest Stomatal size (51.13±7.47µm) on the Abaxial leaf surfaces while Accession 2 possessed lowest Stomatal density (23.40±7.67mm2) with highest Stomatal Size (88.68±1.95mm2) on the Adaxial leaf surfaces. Curved anticlinal cell wall patterns with polygonal epidermal cell shapes were also observed. It was concluded that the presence of Cylocytic type of stomata, with large stomatal sizes greatly helped in the delimitation of the plant and could also be used for classification /identification of the plant and some of the features such as trichomes could also be used for adaptation purposes.Keywords: Epidermal, Stomata, Ipomoea carnea, Cyclocytic, Trichomes
Synthesis, characterisation and antimicrobial activities of mixed ligand complexes of Mn (II), Fe (II) and Co(II) containing N,N'-bis (o-anisaldehyde) p-phenylenediamine (tetradentate schiff base) and gylcine
Authors: Siraj I.T. , Sule M
Published: April 2021

Complexes of Mn(II), Fe(II) and Co(II) containing N, N’-bis[o-anisaldehyde]p-phenylenediamine tetradentate Schiff base as primary ligand and glycine as secondary bidentate ligand have been synthesized by reflux in 1:1:1 mole ratio and characterized both analytically and spectroscopically. Molar conductance measurement (69.02 to 86.30Ω–1 cm2 mol–1) of the complexes indicated they are weak electrolyte and magnetic susceptibility measurement shows values in range of 4.53 to 5.59BM indicating their paramagnetism. The infrared data suggested that the Schiff base coordinated via the two nitrogen atoms of the azomethine groups (1628 to 1680 cm-1) and the oxygen atoms of the adjacent methoxy groups (1341 to 1389 cm-1), while glycine coordinated via the nitrogen atom of the amino group (3060-3324 cm-1) and the oxygen atom of the carboxylate anion. Based on the analytical and spectroscopic data the complexes may be assigned an octahedral geometries and molecular formulae of the form [M(L)Gly], where M = Mn, Fe and Co, L=Schiff base and Gly = glycine. The Schiff base and its mixed ligand complexes were screened for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Mucor inducus and Aspergillus fumigatus. The complexes exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity (10mm to 18mm) at 60 µg/disc as compared to 10mm activity of the uncoordinated Schiff base at the same concentration.Keywords: Mixed ligand complex; Schiff base, Glycine, p-phenylenediamine, o-anisaldehyde
Civil Society and Democratic Governance in Ghana: Emerging Roles and Challenges
Authors: Alidu Seidu , Gyekye-Jandoh Maame A. A.
Published: April 2021

Though the essence of ‘civil society’ appeared in the writings of Rousseau, Ferguson, Tocqueville and Gramsci, the use of the term did not become prominent until the 18th century. Variously defined, the meaning, applicability and categorization of civil society are embedded in highly contextualized ideological debates of Tocqueville’s liberal democracy and Gramscian post-Marxist school of thought. Whilst liberals see civil society as characterized by high social capital, trust and cooperation necessary for democracy, the Gramscian conception assumes a more direct political position and considers civil society an instrument of resistance and activism that promotes challenges to political, social and economic hegemony. The use of the term civil society among Ghanaian scholars has been aligned largely with Tocqueville’s neo-liberal perspective. In as much as the role of civil society is applauded, great caution must be exercised in universalizing all civic organizations in Ghana as pro-democratic entities. This article therefore examines civil society from the Tocquevillian perspective, and its influence on the analysis of civil society in Ghana. The essay reviews the works of Gyimah-Boadi, Ninsin, Drah and Ocquaye that adopt Tocqueville’s liberalist characterization of civil society and how it has helped to shape democracy and checked the despotic tendencies of the Ghanaian state. It concludes with recommendations on how a broader conceptualization beyond de Tocqueville could enhance the analytical and empirical relevance of civil society in promoting the liberty of citizens against the encroachments of a powerful state.Keywords: Civil society; 'alternative' civil society; Ghana; democracy; democratic consolidation
Adinkra Symbols as “Multivocal” Pedagogical/Socialization Tool
Authors: Owusu P
Published: April 2021

Adinkra symbols are ideographical representations of proverbs, philosophies, thoughts, and values of the Akans of Ghana. The symbols encapsulate the worldviews and keen observations of human behaviour, and the interactions between nature and humanity. Adinkra symbolic expressions may be carried through gestures/performance, verbal and/or visual representations and are thus very versatile. While each symbol has a basic meaning, it assumes expansive interpretations in different contexts of applicability making Adinkra symbols “multi-vocal”. Drawing on the concepts of “multivocality”, iconography and iconology, I demonstrate how Adinkra symbolisms are used to characterize social realities and communicate social ideals. Using my curatorial experience with exhibitions on the Sankɔfa symbol (lit. “go-back-for-it”), I illustrate the interface, convergence and, sometimes, the simultaneity of the different forms in which Adinkra symbolisms could be expressed. Against the background of the versatility of Adinkra symbolic expressions and their potentially varied contexts of interpretations, I would conclude that Adinkra symbols have the capacity to be powerful tools for teaching and social engagements.
Restitution and return of looted royal heritage: the role of Ghanaian chiefs and queens in sustaining heritage traditions
Authors: Mamaga Ametor Hoebuadzu II  , Togbe Opeku VI
Published: April 2021

In interrogating this discourse on the restitution and return of looted royal objects, ourrole and input in this conversation as traditional leaders in Ghanaian communities areinevitable. This is in the light of the fact that the source of most of these looted royalart objects unlawfully placed in German and some European museums are from theVolta Basin area of Ghana, formerly part of German Togoland. We argue that factoringin the views of chiefs and queens, being traditional leaders of communities inAfrica, provides a better understanding of the origin and contexts of the use of mostof these pirated cultural objects highlighted in the restitution and repatriation debates.
Prevalence of aortic arch anatomical branching variants in Kenyan population as shown on contrast enhanced chest multidetector computed tomography
Authors: Amakabane Daniel M. , Mwango Gladys N.
Published: April 2021

Background: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of aortic arch(AA) anatomical branching variants present in Kenyan population as shown on a chest contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Methods: The study design was a prospective cross-sectional study carried out in 6 months (between May and November 2016) at the Kenyatta National Hospital(KNH) department of Radiology. Participants were recruited amongst patients referred for a chest contrast enhanced MDCT. Acquired data was subjected to volume rendering technique (VRT) and multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) software to define the anatomy of the AA. The type of AA branching classification used was one derived by Natsis et al. Data analysis involved calculating frequency distributions of AA variations using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 software. Results: One hundred and eighty-five subjects (86 males and 99 females) were recruited. Ninety-five participants had classical AA Natsis type I. Ninety participants had non-classical variant AA of which 83 participants had Natsis type II while 2 patients had Natsis type III. The remaining 3 had a variant AA not found in the Natsis study. Conclusions: Variations in the branching pattern of AA are very common in Kenya with the most common being Natsis type II. Keywords: aortic arch; anatomical variants; branching variation; chest multidetector computed tomography
Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia complicating pregnancy
Authors: Mutseyekwa Brightson N. , Sachikonye Mordecai , Chiwaka Lameck , Changata Netsai C.
Published: April 2021

Intestinal obstruction in pregnancy is rare but has a high maternal and foetal mortality. We present a case of 32-year-old patient who presented in her 2nd trimester of pregnancy with signs and symptoms of large bowel obstruction. An exploratory laparotomy revealed that the transverse colon had herniated through a diaphragmatic tear as the cause of the intestinal obstruction. The delays in presentation and diagnostic dilemmas associated with intestinal obstruction in pregnancy are manifested in this case. Keywords: intestinal obstruction; pregnancy; diaphragmatic hernia
Pilonidal sinus disease: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Olawoye Olayinka A. , Obadan Izegaegbe O. , Choji Joshua D.
Published: April 2021

Pilonidal sinus disease is a chronic granulomatous condition resulting from the presence of hair in the subcutaneous tissues. Its treatment ranges from simple hygiene measures to complex surgical interventions depending on the mode of presentation. We present a 59-year-old man who had a history of re-current swelling in the left gluteal region of about 2 years duration. After a diagnosis was made of pilonidal sinus disease, he had open surgery with laying open of the sinus and exploration with a probe in the operating room under local anesthesia. The sinus measured about 4 cm. He had drainage of the sinus cavity with curettage of the floor of the sinus. Pilonidal sinus disease may not be as uncommon in our setting as previously thought. A high index of suspicion should be entertained based on the characteristic location and typical presentation of the condition. Keywords: pilonidal sinus; pilonidal disease; pilonidal cavity
Treatment outcomes of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia at Beit Cure International Hospital in Blantyre, Malawi
Authors: Akaro Inyas L. , James Kyle , Chokotho Linda , Burgess David , Mkandawire Nyengo , Samoyo Pamela T.K.
Published: April 2021

Background: Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) is a rare condition. The natural history of CPT includes persistent instability and progressive deformity. Several CPT treatment methods have been practiced, however, in Africa where there is scarce information on the modalities of treatment available and their outcomes. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study which was conducted among patients with CPT at Beit Cure International Hospital (BCIH), Malawi. Forty-four patients were recruited in this study and their treatment modalities and outcomes were analyzed. Results: Out of 44 patients recruited in this study, majority (63.6%) were male. The majority of cases were stage 4 congenital tibia pseudarthrosis by Crawford classification. Most patients were treated by more than one surgical modality; however, surgical excision and intramedullary rodding was commonly used (54.7%). The outcomes of treatment were good in 5%, fair in 30%, with amputation in 45% and poor outcomes in 20% of the patients. Complications developed in 60% of patients, predominated by limb length discrepancy. The foot and ankle status were rated by Oxford Foot and Ankle scoring system (OxFAQ). Conclusions: Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia is a complex congenital disorder with multiple modalities of treatment. Majority of the patients were treated by more than one operation. Some patients ended up with amputation or poor outcome. Limb length discrepancy, deep infection and pin tract infection are among the common complications. Keywords: congenital pseudarthrosis; tibia; treatment outcomes; Malawi
Molecular investigations on the Rajanpuri strain of Beetal goat breed of Pakistan by complete mtDNA displacement region and microsatellite markers
Authors: Wajid Abdul , Babar Masroor E. , Ali Akhtar , Abbas Kamran , Musthafa Muneeb M. , Marikar Faiz M. M. T. , Hussain Tanveer
Published: April 2021

The mitochondrial DNA sequences of DNA-D loops (mtDNA) from 105 individuals (11 Beetal goat Rajanpuri strains and 94 sequences extracted from GenBank) from 19 geographically and phenotypically defined domestic goat breeds in Pakistan were analysed in this experiment. In this study, we examined variability and molecular phylogeny of breeds. A total of 81 haplotypes were observed in 105 individuals, with a haplotype diversity of 0.984±0.006 and nucleotide diversity of 0.03953±0.00843. Phylogenetic analysis based on the mtDNA hyper variable segment (HVI) of the control region (481 bp), showed four mtDNA haplogroups (A, B1, C, and D) identified in Pakistani domestic goats, in which haplogroup A (84.11%) was dominant and widely distributed among all investigated breeds. The study revealed that all Rajanpuri strain haplotypes belonged to haplogroup A. The Rajanpuri is a rare local strain of Beetal goat breed located in western Punjab province of Pakistan. The results of genetic diversity based on 11 microsatellite loci revealed allelic diversity (3.6363) and high genetic diversity (0.8342) in the examined Rajanpuri goat breeds. The analysis for signature bottleneck events, using three models, revealed significant deviation of Rajanpuri goats from mutation drift equilibrium. The qualitative test of mode shift analysis also supported the results obtained under three models, indicating the presence of a recent genetic bottleneck in the Rajanpuri strain. This study provides the first information on the mtDNA architecture, genetic diversity and bottleneck analysis, which will be useful in the conservation and management of the highly valued Rajanpuri goat.
Antibiotic residues in cow’s milk
Authors: Mimoune Nora , Kaidi Rachid , Khelef Djamel , Saidi Radhwane , Saboundji Imad Eddine , Baazizi Ratiba , Seddiki Sara
Published: April 2021

Veterinary treatments, mainly antibiotics, used for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes in dairy cows, may be the cause of the presence of their residues in milk. This can have harmful consequences on animal and human health. To fully understand this problem, the present study aimed to evaluate the presence of antibiotic residues on 160 samples of cow’s milk in the North Central region of Algeria, using two distinct microbiological techniques (acidification test and agar diffusion test) for two strains Bacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus subtilis. The results showed antibiotic residue contamination in 18.12% of samples. Tetracycline and/or penicillin residues were responsible for the contamination of 90% of positive milk samples, while macrolide and/or aminoglycoside residues were only detected in 6.66% of positive samples. The confirmation by the agar diffusion test of the 31 raw milk samples including 30 positive and one suspicious sample, analysed by the acidification test, showed a contamination rate of 90.32% for beta-lactams and/or tetracyclines (28 samples) and a contamination rate of 3.22% for aminoglycosides and/or macrolides (2 samples). The suspicious sample tested negative. The results of this study showed that the control and monitoring of antibiotics and their residues by collectors and in foods of animal origin are particularly important to ensure the safety of food of animal origin, and thus to protect the consumer.
Depreciation of Pak Rupee and Its Effects on Tax Collection by FBR
Authors: Munir Farzana , Ishaq Muhammad Athar , Khalid Shees , Ali Hina
Published: April 2021

This research paper is an attempt to analyze the effect of rupee depreciation on total tax col-lection and on types of tax collection. This study employed ARDL methodology on empirical data of Pakistan for the period of 1990 to 2018 and found that depreciation of Pak rupee negatively affects overall tax collection both in short term and long term. Its effect is particularly detrimental in case of income tax and custom duty. In case of income tax it deteriorates tax collection by reducing real income of persons and businesses and in case of customs it reduces tax collection by making imports costly. It is also found that depreciation of currency negatively effects tax collection from agriculture, industry, services and imports whereas it positively effects tax collection from consumption, CPI, remittances and interest rates.
Caso Clínico - Carcinoma de Células Escamosas Oral
Authors: Jogaib Jairo Conde , Da Silveira Trindade Joana , Cantini Adriana Manes Reis , Netto Alcemar Gasparini , Tong Cheong Kuen
Published: April 2021

Caso clínico de paciente com carcinoma de células escamosas oral, em estado avançado, diagnosticado no Curso de Odontologia do UniFOA, acompanhado e proservado por profissionais da Associação de Aposentados e Pensionistas de Volta Redonda.
Federalismo e Desenvolvimento Urbano
Authors: Santos Benevenuto
Published: April 2021

Falar em federalismo significa discutir parâmetros de ação estatal, executiva e legislativa,pelas esferas político-administrativas existentes. Contudo, isto não significa exclusão, ouimpedimento, de ações compartilhadas entre as esferas governamentais envolvidas. Estetalvez seja um dos maiores transtornos para os agentes políticos: garantir a impessoalidadenas escolhas realmente importantes e ditadas pela imperiosa necessidade do interessecoletivo. Complica-se esta situação quando a Constituição Federal não estabelece os limitesde atuação de cada ente estatal, gerando uma superposição de interesses justificados pelaprópria predominância do interesse tutelado. Em espaços urbanos de alta concentraçãodemográfica isto sempre ocorre. Neste trabalho, podemos delinear elementos que auxiliarãoos estudos das regiões metropolitanas na estrutura do federalismo brasileiro.
Técnicas de Modelagem de Conformação de Chapas por Elementos Finitos
Authors: Palmeira Alexandre Alvarenga , Habibe Alexandre Fernandes , Jacome Paulo André Dias
Published: April 2021

A necessidade de redução do tempo e dos custos de geração de um projeto faz com que a indústria utilize métodos de simulação numérica para o desenvolvimento de produtos. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar quais os modelos e métodos de solução são mais adequados e eficientes na simulação da conformação de chapas pelo MEF, através de modificações dos parâmetros de simulação, tais como: técnica de integração no tempo, velocidade de análise e refino de malha. Para tanto, é simulado o ensaio de estiramento de chapas finas proposto pela Universidade do Estado de Ohio e o embutimento de uma lata de atum. Nas simulações é utilizado o código ABAQUS. Observa-se, que o método implícito dinâmico possuir uma melhor precisão nos resultados simulados, quando comparados com os resultados experimentais e apresenta um elevado custo computacional. Em virtude de tal fato, o método explícito dinâmico apresenta uma melhor relação custo/benefício. Conclui-se que avelocidade imposta ao modelo, apresenta uma grande influência na acurácia dos resultados. Observa-se que mesmo para níveis de velocidade muito baixos a relação energia cinética/energia de deformação é superior a 5%. Outro aspecto que apresenta elevadainfluência na precisão dos resultados é o refino da malha da chapa.
A Computação como uma Ferramenta na Avaliação do Comportamento de Ligas Metálicas Submetidas ao Processo de Soldagem
Authors: Xavier Carlos Roberto , Habibe Alexandre Fernandes , De Castro José Adilson
Published: April 2021

A soldagem tem um papel de destaque dentre os processos industriais que visam à transformação do aço em produtos acabados, não se limitando somente ao campo da fabricação metálica, mas sendo amplamente utilizada também em segmentos como manutenção industrial e na aplicação de revestimentos protetores sobre superfícies metálicas com a finalidade de lhes conferir certas características especiais como resistência à corrosão e ao desgaste. Pode-se citar a utilização da soldagem por áreas de tecnologia de ponta como as indústrias aeroespacial, automobilística e naval. Dessa forma, muitas pesquisas têm sido realizadas objetivando a um melhor entendimento dos complexos fenômenos envolvidos durante o procedimento de soldagem e como estes afetam as propriedades do metal soldado, a fim de se prever o seu comportamento quando em uso. Neste trabalho é fornecido um panorama do estágio atual da soldagem, focando principalmente no uso da computação, dentre outras técnicas utilizadas, como uma ferramenta para a melhor compreensão dos fenômenos que ocorrem durante o processo e que afetam as propriedades tecnológicas do metal.
Geoprocessamento no Trato de Controle de Características Urbanas
Authors: De Almeida Filipe Lima , Costa Giovani Miranda , Nascimento Ricardo Passos , Leite Vanessa Moreira , Lobão Diomar César , Genestra Marcelo Genestra , Osório Tito Lívio Gomes , Carelli Flavio Campos
Published: April 2021

O geoprocessamento é um conjunto de tecnologias que coleta, armazena, processa e disponibiliza informações geográficas sendo compostas por soluções em hardware, software e peopleware. Essas informações são adquiridas e demonstradas com o uso de planilhas e relatórios no papel. Trata-se da fusão da geomática com a computação, especificamente a área de Sistema de Informação. Atingindo áreas bastante heterogêneas, esta tecnologia é bastante utilizada em áreas de gestão municipal, meio ambiente, planejamento estratégico de negócios e agronomia, tornando-a bastante utilizada em vários países como parte de organizações governamentais e não governamentais. Colaborando com essas entidades, auxilia o controle de cadastro técnicos urbanos, rurais e florestais, gerenciamento de saúde publica, previsão de safras, planejamento e uso do solo, gestão de bacias hidrográficas, tratamento de curvas de nível para plantio, detecção de pragas, gerenciamento de energia elétrica e telecomunicações. O presente trabalho trata-se especificamente da discussão do controle de características urbanas utilizadas pelo geoprocessamento. Um exemplo de aplicação na especificação de um sistema dedicado ao controle de IPTU é tratado em detalhes neste trabalho.
Problematizando o Conceito de Desenvolvimento: povoando as interfaces
Authors: Nobre Júlio Cesar De Almeida
Published: April 2021

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo realizar uma reflexão acerca do conceito de desenvolvimento, explorando uma concepção diferenciada da moderna oposição entre saberes locais e saberes globais a partir de uma discussão acerca da produção de saberes na atualidade. Pensamos ser bastante fértil problematizarmos tal concepção binária já clássica do termo, por intermédio do modelo de redes do sociólogo das ciências Bruno Latour. Em tal modelo, toda concepção de globalidade se constitui em mediações sempre locais. Concluímos que, dessa forma, o foco do desenvolvimento recai sobre as diversas amarrações entre os diferentes atores envolvidos nas tramas e interfaces das redes. Desenvolvimento, dessa forma, pode ser entendido como uma interação entre diferentes, uma constante mediação/hibridação entre diferentes.
Importância da Psicomotricidade na Construção do saber no Ensino Superior do Centro Universitário de Volta Redonda - UniFOA
Authors: Falcão Hilda Torres , Ramos Cíntia Delesposti , Pires Denian Alexandre , Da Silva Jozilene , Da Silva Peixoto Márcia Christine
Published: April 2021

Tendo em vista o contexto atual do Ensino Superior no mundo contemporâneo, a proposta deste trabalho é enfocar, numa visão interacionista e dialética, a importância entre a Psicomotricidade e a construção do saber; sensibilizar a comunidade acadêmica a estar mais atenta a fim de perceber e interessar-se pelo discente na sua totalidade e, também, a refletir sobre a importância da inter-relação (docente – discente) tão fundamental para a construção do saber, possibilitando com isso um desenvolvimento intelectual ajustado aos integrantes da vida acadêmica.
Ameaças e Ataques aos Sistemas de Informação: Prevenir e Antecipar
Authors: Pinheiro José Maurício Dos Santos
Published: April 2021

A segurança dos sistemas de informação configura-se paradoxalmente como um custo e uma necessidade para a sobrevivência de uma corporação. Se, por um lado, obter um sistema com maior segurança raramente é visto como algo de valor significativo, por outro, o perigo de um ataque não é ignorado totalmente. Neste contexto, a segurança computacional deve ser tomada como opção estratégica e não apenas tecnológica ou gerencial, com impacto positivo e inegável sobre o negócio, estando relacionada ao conjunto das medidas que visam dotar as redes de computadores com capacidade de inspeção, detecção, reação e reflexo aos potenciais ataques, permitindo reduzir e limitar as vulnerabilidades e o impacto das ameaças quando estas se concretizam. Com esse objetivo são utilizados sistemas de detecção de intrusões (Intrusion Detection Systems - IDS), sistemas automáticos, que funcionam em tempo real, capazes de analisar o tráfego de uma rede de comunicação de acordo com uma série de funções que, de modo integrado, são capazes de detectar, analisar e responder a atividades suspeitas na rede.
Performance of ZrO2 -Bioglass Dental Ceramics Under Cyclic Fatigue Loading
Authors: Bicalho Luiz De Araújo , Santos Claudinei dos , Habibe Alexandre Fernandes , Souza Renato Chaves , Barboza Miguel Ribeiro Justino , Baptista Carlos Antônio Reis Pereira
Published: April 2021

A vida em fadiga cíclica de ZrO2 estabilizada com 3%mol.Y2O3 (3YTZP) dopada com vidro biativo foi investigada. Amostras pré-sinterizada 3Y-TZP-biovidro foram sinterizadas a 1300oC por 120 minutos. As amostras sinterizadas foram caracterizadas por densidade relativa, difração de raios X e MEV. Os valores de dureza e tenacidade ä fratura foram determinados usando método de indentação Vickers e o modulo de ruptura por flexão foi realizado em ensaio de flexão em 4 pontos. Além disso, testes de fadiga cíclica foram realizados sob freqüência de 25Hz e razão de tensão de 0,1. Amostras altamente densas de ZrO2 tetragonal foram obtidas e apresentaram dureza, tenacidade a fratura de 11.3GPa, 6.1MPa. m1/2 e 320MPa, respectivamente. O aumento do nível de tensão leva a diminuição do numero de ciclos e o numero de amostras com vida infinita. A tenacificação induzida por transformação de fase tetragonal-monoclinica (t-m), observada por difração de raios X, contribui para o aumento da vida em fadiga. Amostras de 3Y-TZP apresentaram claramente uma faixa de condições de carregamento onde fadiga cíclica pode ser detectada.
Pós-Modernismo e os Ataques à História
Authors: Avelar Alexandre De Sá
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo tem como principal objetivo apresentar e discutir alguns impactos da filosofia pós-moderna sobre a possibilidade do conhecimento histórico. Para tal, considerará que o paradigma pós-moderno tornou-se um referencial terórico-conceitual cuja relevância nao pode mais ser negada pela comunidade de historiadores profissionais.  Serão abordados, de forma mais sistemática, dois aspectos fundamentais: a insuficiência de uma auto-reflexão histórica por parte dos pós-modernos e a negação da capacidade da disciplina histórica de oferecer análises e sínteses de caráter globalizante. Por fim, procurar-se-á defender a idéia de uma história racional, cujos métodos e procedimentos empíricos apontam na direção da possibilidade epistemológica de sínteses explicativas.
O caminho dos santos à luz das hagiografias cristãs árabes: as relações entre cristãos e muçulmanos no Dār al-Islām. Séc. VIII e IX E.C.
Authors: Melo Barcelos Matheus , Cracco Junior José Walter
Published: April 2021

Tensões entre as comunidades religiosas, cristãs e islâmicas, colocaram-se desde a dominação política. Estas comunidades cristãs, em suas múltiplas vertentes e perspectivas teológicas, produziram uma diversidade de textos, e no período proposto, estes textos hagiográficos foram elaborados em latim, grego, siríaco e árabe, apresentando as questões da santidade atrelada ao debate entre as bases da fé cristãs e muçulmana, assim como as diversas apologias ou textos catequéticos. Neste artigo, procuraremos apontar alguns elementos das hagiografias e deste debate em dois textos distantes, geograficamente, mas pertencentes a um mesmo período: fins do século VIII e meados do século IX, em que o poder político muçulmano assentou-se e permitiu o proselitismo: os textos, escritos em árabes, ligados ao contexto das comunidades calcedonianas das Lavras de Mar Sabas e de Santa Catarina do Monte Sinai, as Paixões de Santo Antônio Rawh e Santo ʿAbd al-Masīḥ al-Ġassānī.
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN USAHA EBI (Studi Kasus: Desa Arung Medang Kecamatan Tangaran)
Authors: Kurniawan Deden , Istiqamah Nur , Harmoko
Published: April 2021

Potensi laut yang sangat melimpah di Desa Arung Medang, salah satunya adalah udang yang diolah menjadi ebi, tetapi hanya sebagian kecil masyarakat yang menjadi pengusaha ebi, sehingga hasil produksi terbilang rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelayakan usaha ebi dengan studi kasus di Desa ArungMedang Kecamatan Tangaran. Sampel dalam penelitian ini ada 5 orang dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis finansial dengan menghitung biaya, penerimaan, pendapatan, kelayakan usaha atau R/C Ratio, BEP (Break Even Point) dan PP (Payback Period). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa: Total biaya dalam penelitian ini Rp.2.759.000, penerimaan Rp.5.300.000, pendapatan bersih Rp.2541.000. BEP produksi 26,3 kg, BEP harga adalah Rp.280.191, PP (Payback Period) 0,054 atau 20 hari kerja modal usaha akan kembali. Sedangkan untuk tingkat kelayakan usaha ebi adalah 1,9 artinya usaha ebi ini layak secara finansial untuk diusahakan karena R/C Ratio >1.
Harmonic scalpel for endoscopic treatment of Zenker's diverticulum: a critical review of the literature
Authors: Khadem Nadim , Ahmed Shadaba
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Endoscopic staple-assisted diverticulostomy (ESD) is generally accepted as the preferred treatment option for patients with Zenker’s diverticulum (ZD). However, anatomical factors may preclude the use of ESD in certain patients. In recent years, the harmonicscalpel has been introduced as an alternative device for endoscopic management of ZD, which may be useful in certain cases where diverticulum anatomy prevents the use of ESD. This review aims to assess the efficacy and safety of endoscopic ZD-repair using the harmonic-scalpel, including comparative analysis of the harmonic and staple assisted approaches in terms of their surgical outcomes. Conclusion: Most studies support the use of the harmonic-scalpel as a safe and effective treatment option for ZD. Although the harmonic-assisted technique may not replace ESD as the initial treatment of choice for ZD, it may serve as a useful adjunct to treatment in selected cases. However, given the low quality of evidence and concerns regarding treatment complications, large prospective randomised trials comparing the harmonic and staple-assisted techniques are necessary in order to determine whether the harmonic-scalpel is truly a viable option for endoscopic ZD-management.
Tracheostomy - when best to perform
Authors: Soma Arunachalam , Ahmed Shadaba
Published: April 2021

Tracheostomy is a procedure that is performed for various indications, including relieving an upper airway obstruction, removing secretions and preventing laryngeal and upper airway damage from prolonged translaryngeal intubation. The latter is a significant factor recognised by clinicians, and hence as soon as the need for prolonged mechanical ventilation is identified, tracheostomy should be considered. However, the challenge lies in identifying who would require prolonged ventilatory support. Hence, this structured review explores the debate between early versus late tracheostomy and investigates the predictive factors that indicate prolonged mechanical ventilation and a subsequent tracheostomy.
Brown adipose tissue – A future treatment for obesity?
Authors: Povey Natasha , Curtis Dr Fiona
Published: April 2021

Obesity is a major public health concern: in the United Kingdom (UK) over two thirds of the population are obese or overweight, the prevalence of obesity is growing exponentially, and current treatment options have limited success – making the need for novel therapies vital. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has the ability to safely dissipate chemical energy as heat and in 2009 was found to be active in human adults, leading to hope that its therapeutic manipulation could contribute to weight loss. This review discusses methods proposed for BAT activation and potential pitfalls in our current understanding to evaluate if BAT can be used as a future treatment for obesity. To date, ơ3-adrenergic receptor (ơ3-AR) agonists and cold activation have been shown to be the most promising options to activate BAT. However, cold activation requires a high degree of patient cooperation and ơ3-AR agonists appear non-effective long-term. Nonetheless, ơ3-AR agonists are likely to be a more realistic treatment than cold activation, making our next challenge to understandand mitigate the mechanisms that inhibit BAT activation in long-term ơ3-AR agonist administration. Our assumptions about BAT activation are predominately from rodent studies and based on measurements from [18F]-fl uorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG)-positron-emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging, both with their respective limitations. BAT has offered huge insight into weight homeostasis, with the potential of offering prospective therapeutics for obesity and beyond. Nevertheless, before we can truly understand the real possibilities of BAT we need to further our current understanding of the physiological controls of BAT, potentially leading to more suitable therapies. The focus for future research should be to improve and standardise the methodology used to measure BAT activation, enabling larger clinical trials and better comparisons.
The comparison of endoscopic and external surgical approaches for sinonasal inverted papilloma and their impact on tumour recurrence
Authors: Nowinka Zuzanna , Ahmed Shadaba
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP) is a rare, benign tumour originating from the mucosal lining of the sinonasal cavity. The treatment is aimed at complete tumour resection. Current resection methods include external excision, endoscopic surgery and a combined approach. The high rate of SNIP recurrence poses a challenge for the ear nose and throat (ENT) specialist. There is a debate about which method provides the best outcomes. In this study, the most recent literature is analysed to evaluate the effectiveness of each surgical approach in terms of recurrence rate and surgical complications.

Results: The literature search yielded data for 941 patients from ten studies. The analysis showed a recurrence rate of 13.5% for the endoscopic approach, 34% for combined and 36.7% for the external. The lowest recurrence rate (0%-3.6%) was reported when novel endoscopic approaches, such as prelacrimal recess or ‘TuNa’ saving, were used. However, the comparison of surgical complications was challenging due to inconsistent reporting.

Discussion: The external approach previously considered a ‘gold standard’ is now becoming replaced by endoscopic surgery. The advantages of an endoscopic approach are a lower recurrence rate, better visualisation of the tumour and a more precise excision. Moreover, this approach preserves the surrounding tissues, reducing the amount of complications and recovery time. However, the external approach should still be employed when SNIP is widespread or in proximity with vital structures. Careful pre-operative planning is needed as the primary surgery has the best chances of eliminating the disease. Each revision surgery subsequently increases the risk of SNIP recurrence. Furthermore, there is a need for agreement on minimal surveillance time after SNIP resection.

Conclusion: The endoscopic approach should be a mainstay of SNIP treatment due to low recurrence rate and better patient outcomes. Nevertheless, ENT specialists should keep in mind that for more advanced disease, external an combined methods may be more appropriate.
Pulmonary oedema in hypertensive crisis - from failed femoral cannulation to diagnosis
Authors: Carrington Robbie , Szymczakowski Andrzej , Medyczna Akademia medyczna
Published: April 2021

Pulmonary oedema is a very common clinical presentation in the hospital setting with the management steps memorised by most medical student from an early stage. This management works on the basis that the patient is fluid overloaded from left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD). In reality however, this is not always the case with diastolic dysfunction also causing pulmonary oedema. In the case of diastolic dysfunction there is little data to guide management.1 We present a case of a patient who developed flash pulmonary oedema (FPO) secondary to a hypertensive crisis.
Liver Cancer Patient Classification on a Multiple-Stage using Hybrid Classification Methods
Authors: PATSADU Orasa , TANGCHITWILAIKUN Pongsakorn , LOWSUWANKUL Supanut
Published: April 2021

This paper proposes a model to detect liver cancer patients and estimate the abnormality level of livers using a classification method based on an Indian liver patient dataset. The dataset is prepared by 3 processes: preliminary study, data cleansing, and handling imbalanced class to build the model based on multiple-stages using hybrid classification methods. The 1st stage is liver cancer patient detection. The 2nd stage is abnormality level of liver estimation, as divided using the DeRitis Ratio. The abnormality level of livers is divided into 3 levels: low, medium, and high, called ALL framework. Machine learning method is used to build multiple classification stages, which consist of Multilayer Perceptron, Logistic Regression, and Random Forest. The experimental results demonstrate that the 1st model (stage I) can detect liver cancer patient with 78.88 % accuracy. The 2nd model (stage II) achieves accuracy of 99.83 % for abnormality level of liver estimation. In addition, we compare our proposed model with another dataset. Our proposed model also outperforms detection with 76.73 and 98.26 % accuracy in stage I and stage II, respectively. Our proposed model is a benefit for physicians to support diagnosis and treatment, especially in the case of physicians desiring an intelligent decision support system.
Contactless System with Mask and Temperature Detection
Authors: Mahadik Prof. Sheetal , Ravat Namrata J. , Singh Kunal Y. , Yadav Suvita K.
Published: April 2021

Coronavirus disease in 2019 has affected the world very badly on a large scale. One of the important protection methods is to wear masks in public areas. Also, while using public services it is important to wear a mask correctly if you want to use their services. However, there is very few researches on face mask detection based on image analysis. In this paper, we propose Face Mask, which is a high-accuracy and efficient face mask detector. The proposed system is a one-stage detector, which consists of a pyramid network to fuse high-level semantic information with multiple feature maps, and a module to focus on detecting face masks. In addition, we also propose a novel cross-class object removal algorithm that will reject predictions with low confidences and the high intersection of the union. Besides, we also focus on the possibilities of implementing Face Mask with a light-weighted neural network MobileNet for embedded or mobile devices. In this paper, we introduce an affordable solution aiming to increase COVID-19 indoor safety, covering relevant aspects: 1) contactless temperature sensing 2) mask detection. Contactless temperature sensing subsystem relies on Arduino Uno using an infrared sensor or thermal camera, while mask detection is performed by leveraging computer vision techniques and Deep Learning Techniques.
Introduction to Robotics
Authors: P V Sujatha
Published: April 2021

A robot is a reprogrammable machine that can finish different tasks either consequently or is distantly controlled. It tends to be controlled through different computer-based programs that can be changed according to human will. The science that reviews and designs robots is known as Robotics.