bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
miR-26a-5p Suppresses Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway by Inhibiting DNMT3A-Mediated SFRP1 Methylation and Inhibits Cancer Stem Cell-Like Properties of NSCLC
Authors: Yu Jie , Ge Zhe , Chen Shunqiong , Li Shaoying , Zhang Xin , Hu Jie , Guo Wei , Wang Yan
Published: July 2022

Background. Lung cancer is a malignant cancer which results in the most cancer incidence and mortality worldwide. There is increasing evidence that the pattern of DNA methylation affects tumorigenesis and progression. However, the molecules and mechanisms regulating DNA methylation remain unclear. Methods. The expression of miR-26a-5p in NSCLC cell lines was detected by qPCR and verified in NSCLC tissues from TCGA using Limma R package. CCK-8 assay, plate clone formation assay, flow cytometry, and sphere formation assay were used to detect the cell proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle, and cancer stem cell- (CSC-) like property in NSCLC cell lines. The immunoblotting was used to detect the protein levels of DNMT3A, SFRP1, and Ki67. Global DNA methylation levels and DNA methylation levels of SFRP1 promoter were examined using ELISA and MSP-PCR assay, respectively. The distribution of β-catenin was examined using immunofluorescence (IF). Besides, xenograft mouse model was used to investigate the antitumor effects of miR-26a-5p in vivo. The pathology and protein levels were, respectively, detected by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunocytochemistry (IHC). Results. The expression of miR-26a-5p was downregulated in the tumor tissues comparted to adjacent normal tissues as well as NSCLC cell lines compared to normal lung epithelial cell (BEAS2B). The overexpression of miR-26a-5p inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, CSC-like property, and arrested cell cycle at G1 phase. DNMT3A was a target of miR-26a-5p and upregulated DNA methylation on SFRP1 promoter. Mechanistically, miR-26a-5p repressed cell proliferation, colony formation, CSC-like property, and arrested cell cycle at G1 phase by binding DNMT3A to reduce DNA methylation levels of SFRP1 then upregulated SFRP1 expression. Moreover, miR-26a-5p exerted antitumor effects in vivo. Conclusion. Our results revealed that miR-26a-5p acted as a tumor suppressor through targeting DNMT3A to upregulate SFRP1 via reducing DNMT3A-dependent DNA methylation.
Sociodemographic Factors and Implant Consideration by Patients Attending Removable Prosthodontics Clinics
Authors: Alamoush Rasha A. , Elmanaseer Wijdan R. , Matar Yasmine W. , Al-Omoush Salah , Satterthwaite Julian D.
Published: July 2022

Objective. This study is aimed at investigating the treatment options offered to and chosen by patients attending a student prosthodontics clinic and to investigate the effect of the sociodemographic background of participants on implant consideration. Material and Methods. A cross‐sectional descriptive study was conducted on 200 participants including their socioeconomic background, treatment options presented, treatment preferences, and implant consideration. Bivariate tests (unpaired t‐test, chi‐square, and Mann–Whitney test) and Spearman correlation were used for comparison of different socioeconomic groups according to treatment preferences (implant consideration versus conventional removable prosthesis). Results. Treatment options presented by dental students include 63.5% complete denture, 32% implants/removable dentures, and partial denture 4.5%. Conventional removable prostheses were mostly chosen due to low income. Implants were only considered by 26% of participants. Age and implant consideration had a significant negative correlation. No significant difference in gender and residency area on implant consideration was found. The chi‐square test showed a significant difference between implant consideration and conventional removable prostheses in the various occupation groups. Conclusions. Low income is the main factor prohibiting patients from considering dental implants. Age and educational level may play a considerable role in considering dental implants. There should be more emphasis on dental students’ treatment planning education to include and explain dental implants as a treatment option for their patients in the prosthodontics clinic.
Identification of Key Genes Related to the Obesity Patients with Osteoarthritis Based on Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis (WGCNA)
Authors: Zhou Quan , Sun Huan , Jia Jin , Jiang Jun-liang , Li Tao , Wu Zhao-xiang , Chen Zhong
Published: July 2022

Background. Increasing evidence has suggested that obesity affects the occurrence and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). However, the underlying molecular mechanism that obesity affects the course of OA is not fully understood and remains to be studied. Methods. The gene expression profiles of the GSE117999 and GSE98460 datasets were derived from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Firstly, we explored the correlation between obesity and OA using chi-square test. Next, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was executed to identify obesity patients with OA- (obesity OA-) related genes in the GSE117999 dataset by “WGCNA” package. Moreover, differential expression analysis was performed to select the hub genes by “limma” package. Furthermore, ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) and functional enrichment analysis (“clusterProfiler” package) were conducted to investigate the functions of genes. Finally, the regulatory networks of hub genes and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were created by the Cytoscape 3.5.1 software and STRING. Results. A total of 15 differentially expressed obesity OA-related genes, including 9 lncRNAs and 6 protein coding genes, were detected by overlapping 66 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal BMI samples and obesity OA samples and 451 obesity OA-related genes. Moreover, CCR10, LENG8, QRFPR, UHRF1BP1, and HLA-DRB4 were identified as hub genes. IPA results indicated that the hub genes were noticeably enriched in antimicrobial response, inflammatory response, and humoral immune response. PPI network showed that CCR10 interacted more with other proteins. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) indicated that the hub genes were related to protein translation, cancer, chromatin modification, antigen processing, and presentation. Conclusion. Our results further demonstrated the role of obesity in OA and might provide new targets for the treatment of obesity OA.
Application of an Internet of Things Oriented Network Education Platform in English Language Teaching
Authors: Li Huizhen
Published: July 2022

China’s information technology development is rapid; the organic combination of science and technology and education has promoted the reform of the education system; the education platform supplemented by mobile devices provides students with a new learning mode; student learning is no longer limited by the traditional education system; and learners can use mobile terminals for online learning, self-control learning steps, arrange learning time, and be able to combine their own deficiencies to strengthen learning content. Therefore, this paper discusses the design of English education teaching system in the Internet of Things technology environment, in order to provide students with a good learning environment and improve students’ English integration strength. This paper analyzes the research status of mobile learning at home and abroad, expounds the construction principles of mobile English learning system, and designs and studies the overall structure and functional modules of the system. The application of the system can replace the traditional English learning method and can enable students to improve their English ability through mobile devices. In view of the problems of poor teaching effect and high energy consumption in the traditional Internet of Things education platform, this paper puts forward a teaching effect evaluation method of Internet of Things education platform based on long-term memory network. By analyzing the current situation of the Internet of Things education platform, including its development and structure, this paper constructs the evaluation model of the combination of long-term memory neural network model and gray model and realizes the evaluation of the teaching effect of the Internet of Things education platform. Finally, through the study of the model, the teaching effect of the Internet of Things education platform is evaluated. The experimental results show that when the method is used to evaluate the teaching effect, the operating energy consumption accounts for 84% of the total energy consumption of the system, which proves the effectiveness of the method.
Race Differences in the Associations between Menstrual Cycle Characteristics and Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Nash Rebecca , Johnson Courtney E. , Harris Holly R. , Peres Lauren C. , Joslin Charlotte E. , Bethea Traci N. , Bandera Elisa V. , Ochs-Balcom Heather M. , Myers Evan R. , Guertin Kristin A. , Camacho Fabian , Beeghly-Fadiel Alicia , Moorman Patricia G. , Setiawan V. Wendy , Rosenberg Lynn , Schildkraut Joellen M. , Wu Anna H.
Published: July 2022

Background:

Menstrual cycle characteristics—including age at menarche and cycle length— have been associated with ovarian cancer risk in White women. However, the associations between menstrual cycle characteristics and ovarian cancer risk among Black women have been sparsely studied.

Methods:

Using the Ovarian Cancer in Women of African Ancestry (OCWAA) Consortium that includes 1,024 Black and 2,910 White women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and 2,325 Black and 7,549 White matched controls, we investigated associations between menstrual cycle characteristics (age at menarche, age at menstrual regularity, cycle length, and ever missing three periods) and EOC risk by race and menopausal status. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results:

Black women were more likely to be <11 years at menarche than White women (controls: 9.9% vs. 6.0%). Compared with ≥15 years at menarche, <11 years was associated with increased EOC risk for White (OR = 1.25; 95% CI, 0.99–1.57) but not Black women (OR = 1.10; 95% CI, 0.80–1.55). Among White women only, the association was greater for premenopausal (OR = 2.20; 95% CI, 1.31–3.68) than postmenopausal women (OR = 1.06; 95% CI, 0.82–1.38). Irregular cycle length was inversely associated with risk for White (OR = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.62–0.99) but not Black women (OR = 1.06; 95% CI, 0.68–1.66).

Conclusions:

Earlier age at menarche and cycle irregularity are associated with increased EOC risk for White but not Black women.

Impact:

Associations between menstrual cycle characteristics and EOC risk were not uniform by race.
Phase Ib Study of the BET Inhibitor GS-5829 as Monotherapy and Combined with Enzalutamide in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Aggarwal Rahul , Starodub Alexander N. , Koh Brian D. , Xing Guan , Armstrong Andrew J. , Carducci Michael A.
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

A phase Ib study (1604) was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of GS-5829, an oral bromodomain and extraterminal inhibitor, alone and in combination with enzalutamide in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). A phase I study (1599) in solid tumors/lymphoma was also conducted.

Patients and Methods:

Men with confirmed mCRPC and disease progression despite abiraterone and/or enzalutamide treatment were enrolled in a 3 + 3 dose escalation paradigm starting at 2 mg daily with GS-5829 alone and in combination with 160 mg daily enzalutamide. The primary efficacy endpoint was nonprogression rate at week 24; secondary endpoints included prostate-specific antigen reduction from baseline, progression-free survival, and GS-5829 pharmacokinetics (PK). PK and safety were also evaluated in Study 1599.

Results:

Thirty-one men, with a median of five prior regimens, received at least 1 dose of study drug in Study 1604. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAE) were reported in 94% of patients; 16% discontinued for TEAEs. There were no dose-dependent increases in the AUCtau or Cmax after once-daily administration of GS-5829 2 to 9 mg, and biomarkers CCR2 inhibition and HEXIM1 induction were increased only at higher doses of monotherapy. A high degree of interpatient variability existed across all doses in PK and pharmacodynamic parameters. The proportion with nonprogression at week 24, estimated by Kaplan–Meier model, was 25% (95% confidence interval, 10–42) for all treated patients.

Conclusions:

GS-5829 was generally tolerated but demonstrated limited efficacy and lack of dose proportional increases in plasma concentrations in patients with mCRPC.
A Recurrent ADPRHL1 Germline Mutation Activates PARP1 and Confers Prostate Cancer Risk in African American Families
Authors: Zhang Guanyi , Wang Zemin , Bavarva Jasmin , Kuhns Katherine J. , Guo Jianhui , Ledet Elisa M. , Qian Chiping , Lin Yuan , Fang Zhide , Zabaleta Jovanny , Valle Luis Del , Hu Jennifer J. , Mandal Diptasri , Liu Wanguo
Published: July 2022

African American (AA) families have the highest risk of prostate cancer. However, the genetic factors contributing to prostate cancer susceptibility in AA families remain poorly understood. We performed whole-exome sequencing of one affected and one unaffected brother in an AA family with hereditary prostate cancer. The novel non-synonymous variants discovered only in the affected individuals were further analyzed in all affected and unaffected men in 20 AA-PC families. Here, we report one rare recurrent ADPRHL1 germline mutation (c.A233T; p.D78V) in four of the 20 families affected by prostate cancer. The mutation co-segregates with prostate cancer in two families and presents in two affected men in the other two families, but was absent in 170 unrelated healthy AA men. Functional characterization of the mutation in benign prostate cells showed aberrant promotion of cell proliferation, whereas expression of the wild-type ADPRHL1 in prostate cancer cells suppressed cell proliferation and oncogenesis. Mechanistically, the ADPRHL1 mutant activates PARP1, leading to an increased H2O2 or cisplatin-induced DNA damage response for prostate cancer cell survival. Indeed, the PARP1 inhibitor, olaparib, suppresses prostate cancer cell survival induced by mutant ADPRHL1. Given that the expression levels of ADPRHL1 are significantly high in normal prostate tissues and reduce stepwise as Gleason scores increase in tumors, our findings provide genetic, biochemical, and clinicopathological evidence that ADPRHL1 is a tumor suppressor in prostate tissue. A loss of function mutation in ADPRHL1 induces prostate tumorigenesis and confers prostate cancer susceptibility in high-risk AA families.

Implications:

This study highlights a potential strategy for ADPRHL1 mutation detection in prostate cancer–risk assessment and a potential therapeutic application for individuals with prostate cancer in AA families.
Serous Retinal Detachment without Leakage on Fluorescein/Indocyanine Angiography in MEK Inhibitor-Associated Retinopathy
Authors: Murata Chihiro , Murakami Yusuke , Fukui Takuma , Shimokawa Sakurako , Sonoda Koh-Hei , Fujisawa Kimihiko
Published: July 2022

The aim of this paper was to report the cases of 3 consecutive patients with mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor (MEKi)-associated retinopathy with characteristic multiple serous retinal detachments (SRDs). A functional analysis of the retinal pigment epithelium was performed in 2 patients by electro-oculography (EOG). In all 3 patients, SRD lesions were observed in the posterior pole including the fovea of both eyes. Interestingly, neither obvious leakage in fluorescein/indocyanine angiography nor abnormal fundus autofluorescence was associated. SRDs and associated cystoid macular edema in one case rapidly resolved with the cessation of MEKi but recurred quickly after treatment resumption. In EOG tests, three of four eyes with multiple SRDs showed a marked decrease in the light-peak-to-dark-trough ratio (LP:DT ratio). The LP:DT ratio in EOG reflects the transepithelial potential of the retinal pigment epithelium, suggesting the involvement of disrupted tight junctions and impaired active transport of fluid/ions in MEKi-associated retinopathy. The latter may be the major cause of SRDs as we observed that fluid leakage in angiography was absent in the areas of the patients' SRDs.
Early Postnatal Use of Glibenclamide in Permanent Neonatal Diabetes Secondary to Antenatally Diagnosed KJCN11 Mutation
Authors: Walton-Betancourth Sandra , Ashford Jennifer , Beardsall Kathy , Gooding Nigel , Gurnell Eleanor M. , Hendriks Emile , Hysted Helen , Lee Jenny , Thankamony Ajay , Tseretopoulou Xanthippi , Win Myat , Williams Rachel M.
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Heterozygous activating mutations in KCNJ11 cause both permanent and transient neonatal diabetes. A minority of patients also have neurological features. Early genetic diagnosis has important therapeutic implications as treatment with sulfonylurea provides good metabolic control and exerts a protective effect on neuromuscular function. Case Presentation: A term female infant with normal birth weight (2.73 kg, z-score: −1.69) was admitted to the Neonatal Unit at Addenbrookes Hospital. She had been antenatally diagnosed with KCNJ11 mutation-R201C inherited from her glibenclamide-treated mother who continued sulfonylurea treatment throughout pregnancy. A continuous glucose-monitoring system inserted at 20 h of age showed progressive rise of blood glucose concentrations, prompting treatment with glibenclamide on day 2 of life. Initial attempts to treat with an extemporaneous solution of glibenclamide (starting dose 0.2 mg/kg/day) resulted in inconsistent response and significant hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia. A licenced liquid formulation of glibenclamide (AMGLIDIA) at a starting dose of 0.05 mg/kg/day was used with stabilization of blood glucose profile within 24 h. Other than a mild transient elevation in transaminase, treatment was well tolerated. At most recent review (age 12 months), the patient remains well with age-appropriate neurodevelopment. Overall glucose control is reasonable with estimated HbA1c of 7.6% (59.9 mmol/mol). Conclusion: Early postnatal glibenclamide treatment of insulin-naive patients with KATP-dependent neonatal diabetes is safe, provides good metabolic control, and has a potential protective effect on neurological function. The formulation of the medicine needs to be carefully considered in the context of the very small doses required in this age group.
Association of Cardiovascular Health Through Young Adulthood With Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Patterns in Midlife: The CARDIA Study
Authors: Zheng Yinan , Joyce Brian T. , Hwang Shih-Jen , Ma Jiantao , Liu Lei , Allen Norrina B. , Krefman Amy E. , Wang Jun , Gao Tao , Nannini Drew R. , Zhang Haixiang , Jacobs David R. , Gross Myron D. , Fornage Myriam , Lewis Cora E. , Schreiner Pamela J. , Sidney Stephen , Chen Dongquan , Greenland Philip , Levy Daniel , Hou Lifang , Lloyd-Jones Donald M.
Published: July 2022

Background:

Cardiovascular health (CVH) from young adulthood is strongly associated with an individual’s future risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and total mortality. Defining epigenomic biomarkers of lifelong CVH exposure and understanding their roles in CVD development may help develop preventive and therapeutic strategies for CVD.

Methods:

In 1085 CARDIA study (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) participants, we defined a clinical cumulative CVH score that combines body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and fasting glucose measured longitudinally from young adulthood through middle age over 20 years (mean age, 25–45). Blood DNA methylation at >840 000 methylation markers was measured twice over 5 years (mean age, 40 and 45). Epigenome-wide association analyses on the cumulative CVH score were performed in CARDIA and compared in the FHS (Framingham Heart Study). We used penalized regression to build a methylation-based risk score to evaluate the risk of incident coronary artery calcification and clinical CVD events.

Results:

We identified 45 methylation markers associated with cumulative CVH at false discovery rate <0.01 (
P
=4.7E-7–5.8E-17) in CARDIA and replicated in FHS. These associations were more pronounced with methylation measured at an older age.
CPT1A
,
ABCG1
, and
SREBF1
appeared as the most prominent genes. The 45 methylation markers were mostly located in transcriptionally active chromatin and involved lipid metabolism, insulin secretion, and cytokine production pathways. Three methylation markers located in genes
SARS1
,
SOCS3
, and
LINC-PINT
statistically mediated 20.4% of the total effect between CVH and risk of incident coronary artery calcification. The methylation risk score added information and significantly (
P
=0.004) improved the discrimination capacity of coronary artery calcification status versus CVH score alone and showed association with risk of incident coronary artery calcification 5 to 10 years later independent of cumulative CVH score (odds ratio, 1.87;
P
=9.66E-09). The methylation risk score was also associated with incident clinical CVD in FHS (hazard ratio, 1.28;
P
=1.22E-05).

Conclusions:

Cumulative CVH from young adulthood contributes to midlife epigenetic programming over time. Our findings demonstrate the role of epigenetic markers in response to CVH changes and highlight the potential of epigenomic markers for precision CVD prevention, and earlier detection of subclinical CVD, as well.
Applying One Health to Free-Roaming Cats
Authors: Lindenmayer Joann M. , Bays Danielle Jo , Pesek Julia
Published: July 2022

One Health seeks the optimal health of people, animals, and the environment through an integrated approach to the treatment and prevention of disease. While cats and other animals can be vectors of zoonotic diseases, the “moral panic” over free-roaming cats should be viewed with great skepticism. We should instead manage our relationship to cats, wildlife, and their environments with an eye to preventative measures that manage risk while respecting the well-being of individual cats and wildlife.
Why are Eurasian Communities Disappearing in Malaysian Society?
Authors: Pandian Sivamurugan , Vega Sharon Regina , Pazil Nur Hafeeza Ahmad
Published: July 2022

This article examines the reasons behind the disappearance of the Eurasian minority in Malaysia to shed light on and understand the general community issues such as discrimination, neglect and slight to no political representation. This is illustrated by the British government’s attitude towards Eurasians, the national identity narrative based on the majority racial categories, policies enforced by the Malaysian government and the prejudices that Eurasians face in their communities, and the racism that mixed individuals are exposed to while living in Asian society. Most factors, including identity problems, racism, the inferiority of mixed-race, discrimination, denial of political representation, and the national policies such as the National Education Policies, New Economic Policy (nep), and the National Language Act has caused many Eurasians to emigrate abroad or to other Commonwealth countries. Currently, Eurasians face reduced visibility and influence as their numbers continue to be overwhelmed by other majority races, including Chinese, Indians and Malays. After independence, the Eurasians became a forgotten community in Malaysia as the nation chose to forget the activities of the Eurasian community during the colonial period. Illustrating the study’s conceptual framework and analysing the literature reviewed revealed that the Eurasians are a marginalised minority group whose identity, nationality, culture, and existence are defined by Malaysian national policies in economic, educational, and language acts.
Direct and Indirect Victims of Urban Crime in the Historic Centre of Porto (Portugal): Prevalence, Dynamics and Associated Variables
Authors: Azevedo Vanessa , Sani Ana , Paulo Daniela , Dinis Maria Alzira Pimenta , Nunes Laura M.
Published: July 2022

This study aims to quantify and characterize direct and indirect victimization and to analyse the associations between victimization and sociodemographic, criminal and environmental, social control and community variables in the urban area of the Historic Centre of Porto (hcp), Portugal. A total of 554 participants answered the “Diagnosis of Local Security Questionnaire” through face-to-face inquiry. The overall prevalence of victimization was 38.11%, with 17.7% being direct victims and 29.0% indirect victims. The most reported crimes were robbery, theft and offenses to physical integrity, which occurred mainly at night, on the street. The majority of victims sought police support, but satisfaction level with the authorities was low. Sociodemographic, criminal and environmental variables were associated with (in)direct victimization.
Disaster, Displacement and Domesticity
Authors: Maprayil Rosaleen
Published: July 2022

This article explores the way in which modern productions of Happy Days (by Sarah Frankcom and Katie Mitchell) can be read as a reappraisal of Winnie’s predicament in the light of climate change and disaster. By viewing the mound as both home and tomb, this exploration of the play in performance examines the way domestic rituals form part of her survival strategies. By utilising the critical framework of phenomenology and material object theory alongside environmental and sociological studies, this paper aims to further our understanding of the female body and its relationship with the environment in moments of crisis that lead to displacement, due to disaster, ageing or homelessness.
UN Security Council Sanctions and Mediation in Libya
Authors: Portela Clara , Romanet Perroux Jean-Louis
Published: July 2022

The UN frequently employs sanctions on the same conflicts where it attempts mediation. While both efforts carry a UN stamp, they follow different political logics that are not always coherent with each other: sanctions are enacted by the UN Security Council, while mediation is led by a special representative/envoy of the UN Secretary-General, often on the basis of a Security Council mandate. This article explores two UN interventions in Libya that combined mediation with mandatory sanctions: the conflict leading to the overthrow of the Muammar Qaddafi regime (2011) and the civil war that ensued when the country was split between the first elected parliament and its successor (2014–2015). The Libyan case illustrates that the coherence of mediation and sanctions ultimately depends on the UN Security Council unity of purpose.
Efforts to Propagate the Sunnah in Nigeria; the Role of Majma’ al-Sunnah li al-Da’wah wa al-Buhuth (MSDB) in Ilorin
Authors: Adebayo Baale Sheriff , Ramchahi Abdollatif Ahmadi , Shah Faisal Ahmad
Published: July 2022

In an attempt to propagate the prophetic tradition, many organizations and study centres are established persistently. The propensity to practice pristine Islam and the Sunnah in Nigeria is generally suppressed with religious extremism and fanaticism campaign and political, economic, and social influence. Another dimension to this attitude towards Islam and Sunnah is the lack of knowledge and the zeal to learn. This research seeks to examine some of the efforts that MSDB has made to propagate the Prophetic Sunnah among the Nigerian Muslims Community. This research paper adopts the use of a thematic-narrative tool to analyse the personal interview had with the director of MSDB. The study developed a questionnaire instrument to measure the understanding of basic hadith concepts of past and present students, and those who attend some of the institution’s programs. A total of 211 samples were obtained and analysed using statistical methods. The study found that MSDB has given a significant rise in the Sunnah practices in Ilorin, Nigeria. The survey reveals that those who attend their programs understand the role of Hadith in expository comments of the Quran. The study also found a significant difference between individual knowledge of hadith and how frequently they attend MSDB programs. There is also a statistical significance between knowledge of hadith and the effect of MSDB in the community. However, there is an urgent need to replicate more Da’wah Centres, mosques, schools, and libraries that would encourage the practice and understanding of the prophetic tradition alongside that of the Quranic text in many communities in Nigeria as done by MSDB.
“Much Worse Than the Plague”
Authors: Lovett Dustin
Published: July 2022

In Goethe’s Faust, Faust expresses his fear that the alchemical “medicine” he and his father once gave their patients to cure them from plague had done more killing than the plague itself. This fear situates Goethe’s work within a critical discourse stretching back to Pliny the Elder’s Naturalis historia, and carried on from the beginnings of the Faust tradition about magic, medicine and scientific error. From the charges of quackery against the historical Faust, through two centuries of popular literature depicting Faust’s “descent” from theology to medicine as precipitating his embrace of magic, the roots of the Faust legend run through the ambivalent relationship of the magical and medicinal. This article examines how the physician-astrologers of Renaissance Europe informed early Faustian literature, just as the alchemists, whose practices survived well into the Enlightenment, informed not only Goethe’s literary work but the author’s own life. The Faust tradition encodes the cultural salience that medicine has long held in the West as emblematic of the bumpy, dangerous path to knowledge.
Contagion and Confinement
Authors: Pree Nathanael
Published: July 2022

This article takes two epidemics, one historical and the other allegorical, for comparison against the current Covid-19 crisis. Daniel Defoe’s A Journal of the Plague Year consists of a narrator whose objectivity and existence are ambiguous. José Saramago’s Blindness, published in the original Portuguese as an “essay,” traces the journey of a cluster of citizens through a polis afflicted by a sudden, infectious outbreak. The respective experiences of confinement: at home, in a disused mental hospital, and within the wider spaces of the city, are analysed in this article with reference to Michel Foucault’s Madness and Civilization, alongside seminal works by Giorgio Agamben, Michel de Certeau and Susan Sontag. The article also aims to indicate how the current Covid-19 crisis may provide a scene of reading, alongside a contemporary response from Slavoj Žižek.
Five Economies of Weltliteratur
Authors: Hites Sándor
Published: July 2022

The paper looks at a range of economic ideas that various early 19th century conceptualizations of world literature have drawn on or interacted with. What I attempt to demonstrate is that contrary to the tendency in recent debates to identify world literature as the cultural manifestation of modern capitalism per se, the multifariousness of the concept has corresponded to the heterogeneity of economic thought right from the beginning. I explore models of 1) free trade, 2) gifting, 3) economic planning, 4) national protectionism and 5) common/shared possessions in the writings of Goethe, Thomas Carlyle, Fichte, the Young Germany movement, and Karl Marx.
New Genera, Species and Occurrences of Deep-Sea Asteroidea (Valvatacea, Forcipulatacea, Echinodermata) collected from the North Pacific Ocean by the CAPSTONE Expedition
Authors: MAH CHRISTOPHER L.
Published: July 2022

Between 2015 and 2018, the NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer embarked on the CAPSTONE expedition, that collected video and specimen data from the Hawaiian Islands region and other American territories in the Central and South Pacific Ocean. Ultimately 20 species, 12 of which are newly described, from 14 genera in 3 families are described herein with one further undescribed species of Pythonaster currently in preparation. Okeanos Explorer collected a total of 17 sea star specimens, of which 9 represent new species and 4 new genera. Additionally, one species imaged by Okeanos Explorer during the campaign was discovered in a museum collection is described herein. Supplementary collections from the tropical Pacific by the R/V Nautilus resulted in a further 11th newly described species which had been originally observed by Okeanos Explorer. A total of 21 specimens were involved as part of this effort. Heligmaster n. gen. is the first new genus of the rarely encountered deep-sea Myxasteridae since Fisher (1906). The Goniasteridae, particularly the corallivorous subfamily Hippasterinae were most heavily represented in the collected material. Video imagery was extensive and provided new occurrence data for rarely seen species as well as several new records that likely represent undescribed species. Many of the new species collected were observed preying on of deep-sea octocorals and sponges.
Assimilation of a Coordinated Fleet of Uncrewed Aircraft System Observations in Complex Terrain: Observing System Experiments
Authors: Jensen Anders A. , Pinto James O. , Bailey Sean C. C. , Sobash Ryan A. , Romine Glen , Boer Gijs de , Houston Adam L. , Smith Suzanne W. , Lawrence Dale A. , Dixon Cory , Lundquist Julie K. , Jacob Jamey D. , Elston Jack , Waugh Sean , Brus David , Steiner Matthias
Published: July 2022

Uncrewed aircraft system (UAS) observations from the Lower Atmospheric Profiling Studies at Elevation–A Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Team Experiment (LAPSE-RATE) field campaign were assimilated into a high-resolution configuration of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. The impact of assimilating targeted UAS observations in addition to surface observations was compared to that obtained when assimilating surface observations alone using observing system experiments (OSEs) for a terrain-driven flow case and a convection initiation (CI) case observed within Colorado’s San Luis Valley (SLV). The assimilation of UAS observations in addition to surface observations results in a clear increase in skill for both flow regimes over that obtained when assimilating surface observations alone. For the terrain-driven flow case, the UAS observations improved the representation of thermal stratification across the northern SLV, which produced stronger upvalley flow over the eastern half of the SLV that better matched the observations. For the CI case, the UAS observations improved the representation of the pre-convective environment by reducing dry biases across the SLV and over the surrounding terrain. This led to earlier CI and more organized convection over the foothills that spilled outflows into the SLV, ultimately helping to increase low-level convergence and CI there. In addition, the importance of UAS capturing an outflow that originated over the Sangre de Cristo Mountains and triggered CI is discussed. These outflows and subsequent CI were not well captured in the simulation that assimilated surface observations alone. Observations obtained with a fleet of UAS are shown to notably improve high-resolution analyses and short-term predictions of two very different mesogamma-scale weather events.
Update on Nonoperative Management of the Injured Spleen
Authors: Harfouche Melike N. , Dhillon Navpreet K. , Feliciano David V.
Published: July 2022

Despite significant interest in trauma to the spleen over the past 130 years, splenectomy remained the preferred approach to splenic injures in children till the late 1950s and even later in adults. With recognition of the immunologic importance of the spleen and improvements in diagnostic imaging and angioembolization, there are now four pathways for the child or adult admitted with a possible, likely, or diagnosed injury to the spleen. These include the following: (1) operation with splenectomy; (2) operation with splenorrhaphy or partial splenectomy; (3) nonoperative management (observation); and (4) nonoperative management with splenic arteriography and possible angioembolization. This review will focus on the latter two options.
What do Incoming University Students Believe About Open Science Practices in Psychology?
Authors: Beaudry Jennifer L. , Williams Matt N. , Philipp Michael C. , Kothe Emily J.
Published: July 2022

Background

Understanding students’ naive conceptions about the norms that guide scientific best practice is important so that teachers can adapt to students’ existing understandings.

Objective

We examined what incoming undergraduate students of psychology believe about reproducibility and open science practices.

Method

We conducted an online survey with participants who were about to start their first course in psychology at a university ( N = 239).

Results

When asked to indicate how a researcher should conduct her study, most students endorsed several open science practices. When asked to estimate the proportion of published psychological studies that follow various open science practices, participants’ estimates averaged near 50%. Only 18% of participants reported that they had heard the term “replication crisis.”

Conclusion

Despite media attention about the replication crisis, few incoming psychology students in our sample were familiar with the term. The students were nevertheless in favour of most open science practices, although they overestimated the prevalence of some of these practices in psychology.

Teaching Implications

Teachers of incoming psychology students should not assume pre-existing knowledge about open science or replicability.
People’s perceptions on social media archiving by the National Library of Japan
Authors: Shiozaki Ryo
Published: July 2022

Social media content can be considered an unprecedented historical resource that reflects present-day ordinary life. However, although private data are publicly available on social media, the preserving of such personal content by a third party entails legal and ethical concerns. We report on a nationwide questionnaire survey conducted to obtain the responses of people to hypothetical scenarios of social media archiving by the National Diet Library in Japan. Within our survey sample, 35% of respondents ( n = 1126) disagreed with scenarios involving the preserving of blogs and public tweets. Moreover, we found that the agreement rate for the archiving of government websites already collected under the current legislation was 44%. Ordered logistic analysis clarified that privacy-sensitive respondents tend to resist archival scenarios, and content analysis showed that the disagreement reasons involve concerns over information privacy. Our findings suggest that informed consent and data anonymisation could be effective means to mitigate such concerns.
McLuhan Plays Golf: Optimizing Technology to Make Golf More Accessible, Affordable, and Sustainable
Authors: Franken Noah
Published: July 2022

Golf is a global game that is dominated by technology. Even in times of economic hardship, golfers flock to golf courses around the world, and the golf industry continues to churn out advancements in golf technology with the promise of making players better and the game more enjoyable. Nonetheless, golf has its barriers and challenges. For example, it is a game that is exclusive, expensive, requires a lot of time, and puts a strain on the environment. Grounded in Media Ecology Theory, this article examines the relationship between golf and technology by taking a McLuhanesque trip to the world of TopGolf, the popular chain of electronic driving range entertainment centers, and arguing that TopGolf demonstrates one way in which technology is being used to make the game more accessible, affordable, and sustainable.
Synthesis, ring-opening polymerization, and properties of benzoxazines based on o- and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohols
Authors: Zhen Menglei , Zhen Hecheng , Zuo Xiaoting , Wu Zeyun , Li Zhiyun , Liu Yanfang , Run Mingtao
Published: July 2022

Two series of bifunctional benzoxazines were synthesized from o- and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohols ( oHBA and pHBA), three aliphatic diamines containing ether linkage (Jeffamines D230 and D400 and 4,7,10-trioxa-1,13-tridecanediamine (TTDDA)), and paraformaldehyde. The chemical structures of the benzoxazines were confirmed by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The ring-opening polymerization of the benzoxazines was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and FTIR, respectively. oHBA-based benzoxazines respectively exhibit lower onset temperatures of ring-opening polymerization than pHBA-based counterparts due to the O–H∙∙∙O intramolecular hydrogen-bonding interaction between the hydrogen of ortho-methylol group and the oxygen in oxazine ring, and oHBA-based polybenzoxazines respectively show lower glass transition temperatures ( Tgs) than pHBA-based counterparts due to the difference in crosslinking density caused by the steric hindrance effect of the position of methylol group on the polymerization of benzoxazine monomers. In each of the two series of benzoxazines, the onset temperature of ring-opening polymerization of D230-based benzoxazine is close to that of TTDDA-based analogue and lower than that of D400-based counterpart owing to the steric effect of the chain length and chain volume of the bridging structure between the oxazine rings on the polymerization, and the Tg of D230-based polybenzoxazine is close to that of TTDDA-based analogue and much higher than that of D400-based counterpart owing to the difference in crosslinking density caused by the steric hindrance effect of the bridging structure on the polymerization of benzoxazine monomers. In addition, all the polybenzoxazines exhibit thermally induced shape memory effect. In each of the two series of polybenzoxazines, the shape recovery rate and ratio of D400-based polybenzoxazine are respectively close to those of D230-based counterpart and higher than those of TTDDA-based analogue due to the difference in network architecture.
Right Superior Frontal Gyrus Cortical Thickness in Pediatric ADHD
Authors: Hai Tasmia , Swansburg Rose , Kahl Cynthia K. , Frank Hannah , Stone Kayla , Lemay Jean-François , MacMaster Frank P.
Published: July 2022

Objective:

We investigated the right Superior Frontal Gyrus (right-SFG) and Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) in children with ADHD and their clinical relevance with Executive Function (EF) and ADHD symptom severity.

Methods:

About 26 children with ADHD and 24 typically developing children (TDC; 7‒16 years) underwent Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and completed an EF assessment battery.

Results:

Significantly thinner right-SFG in the ADHD group was found compared to the TDC group ( t (48) = 2.81, p = .007, Cohen’s d = 0.84). Linear regression models showed that 12.5% of inattention, 13.6% of hyperactivity, and 9.0% of EF variance was accounted for by the right-SFG thickness.

Conclusions:

Differences in the right-SFG thickness were found in our ADHD group and were associated with parent ratings of inattentive and hyperactive symptoms as well with EF ratings. These results replicate previous findings of thinner right-SFG and are consistent with the delayed cortical maturation theory of ADHD.
Ophthalmic histiocytic lesions (diseases of the L group): A multicenter clinicopathological study of 18 cases and review of literature
Authors: Alzahem Tariq , Alkatan Hind M , Maktabi Azza MY , Alsulaiman Naif , Cruz Antonio Augusto V
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and Erdheim–Chester disease (ECD) are rare histiocytic disorders in the L (Langerhans) group diseases. They range from self-limited benign diseases to lethal disseminated forms.

Methods

This retrospective study was conducted in 3 tertiary hospitals in Saudi Arabia and Brazil. Histopathological records were searched for all patients diagnosed with ocular and periocular histiocytic disorders from January 1993 to December 2018. Histopathological slides and medical files were reviewed for data collection and simple analysis of demographics, clinical manifestations, and management. The relevant literature is reviewed.

Results

Twenty-two eyes of 18 patients with biopsy-proven histiocytic disorders in the L group were included. Female-to-male ratio was 1.25:1. Average age at presentation was 14 years (range, 1–54). LCH was diagnosed in 14 eyes, while eight eyes had ECD. All LCH cases were unilateral and confined to the bone as cases of eosinophilic granuloma (EG), while patients with ECD were bilateral. Commonest presentations in EG and ECD were eyelid swelling (85.7%) and periocular xanthomas (75%), respectively. Orbit was involved in 100% of EG cases, with bony erosion in 54.5%. Relevant systemic involvement was found in 100% of ECD and 21% of EG cases. Surgical intervention was needed in 16 of the 22 eyes (72.7%). All EG and 25% of patients with ECD required surgical excision.

Conclusions

Histiocytic disorders are a rare group of diseases, including the L group. Relevant systemic associations require specific and selective therapy. A high clinical index and multidisciplinary collaboration are essential for the proper evaluation and management of these patients.
Trabecular metal augments in severe malignancy-associated acetabular bone loss
Authors: Melnic Christopher M , Salimy Mehdi S , Hosseinzadeh Shayan , Moverman Michael A , Bedair Hany S , Lozano-Calderón Santiago A , Raskin Kevin A
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Acetabular reconstruction is a challenging problem in orthopaedic oncology, especially in extended defects (Paprosky Type 3A and Type 3B). In revision total hip arthroplasty (THA), 1 option is trabecular metal (TM) augments with a porous metal acetabular component. This study evaluated the use of TM augments in periacetabular malignant bone disease.

Methods:

15 patients were identified from our institutional database from 2000 to 2020 with either Paprosky Type 3A or Type 3B acetabular bone loss due to periacetabular malignancies that underwent at least 1 complex THA reconstruction with TM augments. Postoperative complications were documented, and clinical and radiographic outcomes were analysed. Radiological loosening or revision of the acetabular component were defined as endpoints.

Results:

There were 7 primary and 8 metastatic cancer patients. 5 were Type 3A and 10 were Type 3B defects after tumour resection. The average follow-up time was 23.8 (range 1.5–47) months. 1 patient required revision for acetabular component loosening after 7 months from the initial implantation. An additional 4 patients required surgical intervention for infection, they had stable TM augments at latest follow-up.

Conclusion:

TM augments with a porous metal acetabular component may be an alternative to the traditional cemented constructs.
Beyond ethnicity: historical states and modern conflict
Authors: Wishman Marius , Butcher Charles
Published: July 2022

Historical states, be they sprawling empires or nominal vassal states, can make lasting impressions on the territories they once governed. We argue that more historical states located within the borders of modern states increase the chance of civil conflict because they (1) created networks useful for insurgency, (2) were symbols of past sovereignty, (3) generated modern ethnic groups that activated dynamics of ethnic inclusion and exclusion, and (4) resisted western colonialism. Using new global data on historical statehood, we find a robust positive association between more historical states inside a modern state and the rate of civil conflict onset between 1946 and 2019. This relationship is not driven by common explanations of state formation that also drive conflict such as the number of ethnic groups, population density, colonialism, levels of historical warfare, or other region-specific factors. We also find that historical states are more likely to be conflict inducing when they are located far from the capital and in poorer countries. Our study points to unexplored channels linking past statehood to modern-day conflict that are independent of ethno-nationalist conflict and open possibilities for a new research agenda linking past statehood to modern-day conflict outcomes.