bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Mighty Elkhorn
Authors: Merkin Zina
Published: January 2018

This chapter highlights aspects of water’s call to the human spirit from a personal perspective. It raises questions about values, priorities, and policies as communities look to the future of water scarcity. In addition to playing a fundamental role in daily life, water is also important psychologically and culturally. How can communities preserve water for animal habitats, scenic beauty, and recreation as well as drinking water and irrigation? The history of Elkhorn Creek in Franklin County illuminates the efforts of people joining forces to preserve access to this valuable creek and illustrations the love of water developed through recreational activities like whitewater paddlesports that drives communities to protect water quality and access.
Urban Water Management
Authors: Schieffer Jack
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines the challenges faced by municipal governments in managing their water resources, as rapidly growing urban populations and aging infrastructure contribute to sewer overflows, contaminated storm water runoff, flooding, and other problems. The federal Clean Water Act establishes the regulatory framework in which cities must operate. Having faced recent litigation for regulatory violations, three Kentucky cities—Lexington, Louisville, and Northern Kentucky (Cincinnati)—provide examples of urban areas grappling with these problems. Their subsequent experiences under consent decrees also showcase innovations in water management policies, including green infrastructure and watershed-based approaches, which will aid communities in rising to these challenges.
Geography
Authors: Baker Jack R. , Bilbro Jeffrey , Berry Wendell
Published: January 2018

Burley Coulter is a wayward individual who, because he responded to the needs of his community, can say at the end of his life that he has been faithful. Perhaps universities, by seeking to meet the needs of their places, can produce students who will settle down after they graduate and work to serve the places where they find themselves. For educational institutions to be faithful members of their places, faculty members and students need to identify and resist the powerful forces that foster the abstract, displaced knowledge favored by cosmopolitans. Berry proposes local or parochial knowledge as a counterweight to the commodifiable, centralized knowledge valued in contemporary universities. Training students to faithfully attend to the needs of their local places does not mean that they should become insular and ignore knowledge and ideas from other places. Rather, faithful care of local places depends on maintaining a robust conversation between parochial communities and the cosmopolitan knowledge favored by universities. Students can study abroad with an eye toward bringing what they learn home, teachers can incorporate local knowledge into their curricula, and university administrators can place a priority on charging lower tuition.
Community
Authors: Baker Jack R. , Bilbro Jeffrey , Berry Wendell
Published: January 2018

Berry’s diagnosis of the fragmentation that characterizes most educational institutions is particularly nuanced in Jayber Crow. This novel also develops an alternative mode of communal catechesis, one that provides an education in and for love. After describing Jayber Crow’s indictment of formal education and the “way of love” Berry offers in its place, this chapter articulates two contrasting modes of intellectual appetite—the curious and the studious. Whereas the curious desire knowledge in order to gain power for themselves, the studious desire knowledge for the sake of the subject. One of the characteristics of a studious person, then, is an ability to make connections and foster complex health—habits that modern universities are particularly bad at fostering. This chapter concludes by considering two practices that might foster this loving orientation toward others: asking connective questions and developing focused attention.
Conclusion
Authors: Baker Jack R. , Bilbro Jeffrey , Berry Wendell
Published: January 2018

Our aim in this book is quite humble. The hope Berry offers for universities is not a grand new program or some big solution: we’re not calling for a fund-raising campaign to establish Wendell Berry University. Rather, Berry’s vision offers us a small, humble, practice-able hope. Higher education is under immense economic and cultural pressure to prepare graduates for upward and lateral mobility, regardless of the costs to our ecosystem, communities, and souls. But change can take place if we tell students different stories—stories about rooted, contented lives; about the grateful, loving pursuit of wisdom; about people who sacrificed their private ambitions to serve the health of their local places. Such stories cultivate the virtues needed to shape the knowledge students currently learn in universities. Graduates who practice the virtues of memory, gratitude, fidelity, and love will be prepared to inhabit the membership of their places. An agrarian hope for higher education, then, begins with the simple act of telling better stories, stories that might lead to renewed imaginations, a more responsible language, and faithful work that serves the health of our communities.
The Iranians Increase Their Activities in the Kurdish Province (April–December 1987)
Authors: Malovany Pesach , Baram Amatzia , Woods Kevin M. , Englesberg Ronna
Published: January 2018

This chapter deals with the situation on the battlefield after the Iranian defeats in the great offensives during the second phase of the “Decisive Year”, and their new initiatives, especially in the Kurdish province in north Iraq, and in other sectors. It deals also with Iraqi initiatives on the front lines in 1987 and the increased Iraqi air activity during this year, and the air attacks especially against oil and economic infrastructure. It describes the continuation of launching missiles by the Iranians towards Iraqi cities, and the development of an Iraqi respond to that. It deals also with the establishment of the Iranian opposition, the Mujahidin Khalk and the beginning of the international involvement in the war, and it sums up the seventh year of the war.
Operation “Blessed Ramadan”
Authors: Malovany Pesach , Baram Amatzia , Woods Kevin M. , Englesberg Ronna
Published: January 2018

This chapter deals with the Iraqi Operation “Blessed Ramadan”- The liberation of the Al-Faw Peninsula on April 1988. This battle marked the opening of a new phase of the war, the last one, as Iraq gained again the initiative, and opened with large and surprising offensives against the Iranian forces that were deployed on Iraqi territory, that were the victory operations and brought to the end of the war. In this battle and in the following ones, the Iraqis demonstrated their military superiority over the Iranians and took over the area hold by the Iranians in the peninsula in 35 hours only. The chapter describes the Iraqi planning of the operation, their preparations, their deception and the fighting of all the arms participating in this battle
The Liberation Operations in the Central and Northern Sectors (July 1988)
Authors: Malovany Pesach , Baram Amatzia , Woods Kevin M. , Englesberg Ronna
Published: January 2018

This chapter deals with the last Iraqi liberation operations, “Tawakalna” operations and others, in all the sectors, along the whole frontline, in which a great part of the Iraqi ground forces took part, and even reoccupied territories on Iranian soil, that had been taken by them at the beginning of the war. The chapter describes the battlefield, the Iranian forces and their deployment, the planning and preparations by the Iraqis, and the course of the operations themselves. It deals also with operations carried out by the Mujahidin Khalk, and the Iraqi operations against the Kurdish opposition in the north. The chapter summarizes all the liberation operations, including the role of the Iraqi Air Force in them, that brought finally to the end of this long war.
The Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait (August 1990)
Authors: Malovany Pesach , Baram Amatzia , Woods Kevin M. , Englesberg Ronna
Published: January 2018

This chapter deals with the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait (August 1990). This was the beginning of a new conflict in which the Iraqi Armed Forces were involved that included three stages: the occupation of Kuwait, the preparations towards the anticipated conflict with the coalition countries; and the war itself, “The Mother of all Battles” War (Operation Desert Storm), January - February, 1991 and ended with the absolute defeat of the Iraqi Army and its expulsion from Kuwait. It describes the first stage of the conflict, the Iraqi plans to conquer Kuwait in the 60th, the Kuwaiti crisis and the Iraqi decision to take Kuwait, the planning and preparing for the operation, and the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait by the Republican Guard forces.
The Last War
Authors: Malovany Pesach , Baram Amatzia , Woods Kevin M. , Englesberg Ronna
Published: January 2018

This chapter deals with the last war between Iraq and the Coalition forces in 2003 - Operation “Iraqi Freedom”, called by the Iraqis the "Decisive War. It describes its background, Saddam’s view on the situation, the Coalition forces versus the Iraqi Armed Forces on the eve of the war, and the Iraqi planning for the war and the deployment of their forces. It describes also the Iraqi preparations for the war—in the logistics, in case of a prolonged war, fighting the Coalition forces inside the cities, and the political and military division of the command of Iraq among Saddam’s deputies and loyal supporters. It also deals with the possibility of using chemical weapons against the Coalition forces on their way to Baghdad.
Major Trends in the Development of Military Power and the Armed Forces High Command
Authors: Malovany Pesach , Baram Amatzia , Woods Kevin M. , Englesberg Ronna
Published: January 2018

This chapter deals with the major trends in the development of the Iraqi military power and the Armed Forces High Command during the Ba’ath regime, especially during Saddam’s presidency period. It describes the building of the Iraqi Armed Forces as a high-quality and the greatest military power in the Middle East and one of the largest in the world and the components of its military power. It describes its rise, as well as its deterioration since the Gulf war in 1991. It deals also with the high command of the armed forces, its organization and functions, and the main bodies that were included in it. It analyses also the role of Saddam Hussein as commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces.
The Crossing Battle, Part 4
Authors: Even General Jacob , Maoz Colonel Simcha B.
Published: January 2018

This section covers the crossing battle from the morning of October 17 through the early morning hours of October 18, when the battle ended. Even and Maoz note the lessons learned from the Chinese Farm Battle, planned and begun by the 162nd Division and fought by the 460th Brigade. Unfortunately, the paratroopers’ sacrifice did not enable the transport of the rafts to Akavish and Matzmed, and merely serves to whitewash the commanders who carelessly and irresponsibly sent fifty men to their deaths. The battle failed to achieve its mission, and in retrospect, it began before the commanders had successfully demonstrated that it was an unavoidable fight.
French Novels and the Victorians
Authors: Atkinson Juliette
Published: January 2018

It has become common to build an opposition between prudish Victorian England and permissive nineteenth-century France. The lack of a full-length study of nineteenth-century Anglo-French literary relations means that both English reserve and French license have been greatly exaggerated, as French writers frequently met with far greater support in England than at home. French Novels and the Victorians aims to shed new light on these relations by exploring the enormous impact of French fiction on the Victorian reading public. The work considers the many different ties built between the two countries in the publishing industry, identifying how French novels could be accessed and by whom, as well as who promoted and who resisted the importation of Continental works in England and why. The book reflects on what ‘immorality’ meant to both critics and the readers they sought to warn, and how the notion was subjected to scrutiny through censorship debates as well as the fictional representations of readers. It also tackles the contemporary preoccupation with literary influence, and explores how the extensive circulation of French fiction in England affected the concept of a ‘national’ literature. Rather than a study of the (considerable) influence of novelists such as Balzac, Hugo, Dumas, or Sand on individual works of English literature, this book uncovers the networks and mediums that enabled French novels to cross the Channel, and looks at how the concept of the ‘French novel’ was elaborated, interpreted, and challenged.
Literary networks
Authors: Atkinson Juliette
Published: January 2018

French novels were promoted and disseminated in Victorian England not only through libraries, booksellers, and periodicals, but also through individual members of cosmopolitan networks. Parisian salons formed one way in which French and English men of letters came into contact, but three further types of networks played important roles in strengthening ties across the Channel. Fashionable society (and in particular the circle led by Lady Blessington and the comte d’Orsay), circles that developed through political affiliations (such as the radical and feminist group that launched a project to translate George Sand’s works), and the world of professional men of letters who reviewed French novels and often socialized with their creators, also expanded the market for foreign literature, or at least tried to do so.
Fictional readers
Authors: Atkinson Juliette
Published: January 2018

Fictional Victorian readers were often prone to enjoying French novels. The dangers lurking for female readers in improper material had been something of a literary cliché for some time, and can be found in contemporary poems and cautionary tales. However, Victorian novelists were as concerned with the effects of the novels on male readers. Numerous novels engage less with ideas of immorality than with anxieties surrounding idleness and its effect on the British male. Increasingly, though, novels offered more ambivalent and thoughtful reflections on the cultural discourse surrounding French works. Their dangers were shrugged off, and their pleasures dealt with sympathetically by novelists such as Braddon and Ouida. Cautionary tales about French novel-reading never quite went away, but critics found it increasingly hard to determine the extent to which the cautionary tales themselves might be mimicking the very dangers which they purported to condemn.
Cultural competition
Authors: Atkinson Juliette
Published: January 2018

Nineteenth-century Anglo-French relations were profoundly competitive, as the recurrent Great Exhibitions vividly illustrated. For much of the period, the French clung to their widely perceived cultural (and in particular literary) supremacy. This affected the reception of French novels in a number of ways. The flood of works by popular novelists such as Dumas and Sue in the 1840s led critics to scrutinize the bibliographical statistics of the two nations. Reactions against the perceived greater vigour of the French fiction-writing took many forms, including riots, and reflections on the impact which copyright legislation might have on curbing the dissemination of foreign works. In the 1860s, Taine’s pioneering history of English literature led to very different reflections on French superiority. In contrast with earlier attacks on French immorality, critics responded to Taine by thoughtfully considering the causes of the different paths taken by French and English novelists, and the benefits of each.
Introduction
Authors: Lambert Peter , Weiler Björn
Published: January 2018

This chapter outlines the main aims of the book, in particular its desire to move beyond the chronological and cultural myopia prevalent in much modern work on the production of history. It proceeds to deal with two major themes: the historiography of the concept of ‘historical culture', and what it might mean in practice. The first section explores the concept’s use in modern academic writing, and outlines what is distinctive about the approach taken in this volume. The second sketches a phenomenology of historical culture. Particular attention is paid to four major themes: the desirability of a past; the premise that history is inherently truthful; the means with which versions of the past are constructed; and the changing role of the public in the production and consumption of historical culture.
Monastic Historical Culture and the Utility of a Remote Past
Authors: Weiler Björn
Published: January 2018

The English Benedictine monk Matthew Paris (c.1200–1259) was one of the most prolific writers of history in medieval Europe. The chapter focuses on Matthew’s Lives of the Two Offas, a semi-fictional account of the Anglo-Saxon kings Offa I and Offa II, the first promising to found, the second actually founding what was to become St Albans Abbey. Matthew reveals much about the practice and limitations of historical research, the relationship between the sacred and the secular, and the role of the past in medieval monastic culture. Particular attention is paid to Matthew’s handling of sources, the role of the public and the varied uses of historical narratives.
The Immediacy of a Remote Past
Authors: Lambert Peter
Published: January 2018

Early in the Third Reich, Nazi ideologues and propagandists proclaimed the rebirth of the German nation. But when was it first born, and when had it died? Nazis, including Rosenberg, Himmler and Darré, looked back to the late eighth and early ninth centuries, constructing an originary myth of a pristine Germanic and pagan Germany, championed by the Saxon war-lord ‘Duke’ Widukind, and its destruction at the hands of Charlemagne, Romanism and Christianity. But, even within the Nazi Party’s leadership, this proved a controversial view. As Nazism began to fulfil its totalitarian ambitions and impose ideological uniformity, a furious public debate broke out. It concerned the origins and meaning of German history, and ultimately German identity. No Nazi doubted that events from which modern Germans were separated by more than a millennium posed urgent questions for the present, and Charlemagne’s Saxon wars acquired other kinds of immediacy in Nazi historical imaginations.
Ancient Past, Modern Ceremony
Authors: Phillips Matthew
Published: January 2018

This chapter explores how the royal barge procession, one of Thailand’s most historic cultural events, came to represent both the deep Thai past and the modern Thai nation. With a specific focus on the early Cold War, during a period where power was being openly contested amongst Thailand’s elite, the chapter identifies how the materiality of the barges presented both challenges and opportunities. Certainly, as historic artefacts, the barges promised to secure narratives of authenticity and political legitimacy. Yet, as this chapter illustrates, for the barge procession to be of genuine value to the Thai state, it would first have to be reconciled with the contemporary forces that were determining the course of Thai nation building; namely, the integration of Thailand into a world order based in the United States, and the reorganisation of Thai society around new class arrangements.
Memory as Theatre
Authors: Rathbone Richard
Published: January 2018

In 1995, the Asante people of central Ghana celebrated a sumptuous first-fruits festival, Odwira. Although the festival is held annually, this one was unusual in that it also marked the 25th year of the reign of their king, the Asantehene. The event was charged with political as well as cultural meaning. Asante and its king had been at the centre of opposition to the radical nationalist party led by Kwame Nkrumah which had taken Ghana into independence in 1957. That opposition had been ruthlessly suppressed and humiliated and this Odwira proved to be a very public opportunity for both an energetic re-assertion of Asante pride and for revenge against a brand of radical politics which remains significantly less popular in the region than it does in other parts of Ghana.
Conclusion
Authors: Lambert Peter , Weiler Björn
Published: January 2018

This chapter summarises key findings of the volume: the variety of media employed in the production of the past; the usefulness of historical culture as a concept that enables comparisons across cultures and periods; and the insights it offers into wider intellectual, cultural and political debates within a community or culture. The chapter further suggests three potential avenues for future research: the role of women as producers and agents of historical culture; the nature and operation of cultural transfer in the production of historical culture; and the question whether recurrent patterns in the fashioning of the past can be detected across geographical, cultural and chronological boundaries.
War, Church, Empire and the Medieval in British Histories for Children
Authors: Lynch Andrew
Published: January 2018

From the mid-eighteenth century onward, histories of England written for children became a very popular literary genre, attempted by authors as various as Oliver Goldsmith, Jane Austen, William Godwin, Charles Dickens, John Ruskin and H. E. Marshall (Our Island Story, 1905). This chapter investigates how these histories typically represent the Middle Ages to children through themes of war, violence and religion, within a long-range view of the nation and empire slowly developing beyond archaism. Medieval war is sometimes depicted as barbaric, but also read as a sign of racial spirit. Medieval religion, especially monastic culture, receives a more generally hostile reaction. The medievalism of most writers – Ruskin is a telling exception – frames the period as a dark prelude to Reformation and the later growth of Great Britain through the assertion of regal and parliamentary power.
‘Adventure? What Is That?’ On Iwein
Authors: Hoppe Felicitas
Published: January 2018

Felicitas Hoppe gives an introduction to the art of adapting medieval poetry that is in itself a poetic work. In 2008, Hoppe adapted Hartmann von Aue’s Arthurian romance Iwein into a highly successful young adult novel. She speaks about this experience and about the art of adapting medieval literature more generally: about encountering popular images of knights looking like ladies and about inverted gender roles in Hartmann’s romance; about history as produced by wishes; about finding Iwein by chance in a bookshop and being captivated by its beauty; about the romance’s surprising timelessness in its psychologically astute characterisation, its sensible rationality and its uncompromising morality; about the dialectic between boredom and adventure, between the desire to grow up and the fear of growing up in all good children’s books (and Arthurian romances); about the relationship between honour and masculinity in the romance code of values; about Iwein’s insistence on physicality; and about narrative techniques for modernising the text (including the introduction of Iwein’s companion, the lion, as the narrator). As a whole, Hoppe’s piece is a remarkably sensitive analysis of how and why aspects of medieval literature exert a fascination on creative minds. It compellingly demonstrates the wealth of insights that adaptors of medieval texts gain, which can complement and inspire those of literary critics.
Is Medieval Music the New Avant-Garde? The Wilful, the Wayward and the Playful
Authors: Coatman Graham
Published: January 2018

In his masterful exposé, The Modern Invention of Medieval Music, Daniel Leech-Wilkinson deliciously debunks much traditional thinking about medieval music, arguing that changing perspectives on this increasingly re-discovered and available body of work may be more dependent on the personality of the scholars and performers involved in its dissemination than the findings of new research. In this chapter, writing from the point of view of a composer and musician equally involved in the performance of both new and early music, Graham Coatman examines the work of contemporary composers who have chosen medieval models as their starting point. Is their use of medieval material a means to establish identity and authenticity, or a reaction against the harmonic and formal legacy of the nineteenth century? How is the use of pre-existent material integrated into the contemporary creative process? With reference to selective case studies, Coatman finds parallels with their medieval counterparts that make their work all the more compelling.
Forging ‘Medieval’ Identities: Fortini’s Calendimaggio and Pasolini’s Trilogy of Life
Authors: di Carpegna Falconieri Tommaso , Yawn Lila
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines two nodal points in the reception of the Middle Ages in Italy and of Italian medievalism in politics since the 1920s: the festival of Calendimaggio in Assisi – its founding under Fascism and present-day functions in keeping a social fabric and identity alive in a city in demographic freefall; and the sui generis communism of Paolo Pasolini’s Trilogy of Life, a colourful cinematic point of entry into the cultural politics of Italian Marxism and the militant Left in the 1960s and 1970s. Although distinct from one another and different in origin, the two cases intersect in their presentation of the Middle Ages as an ideal era of the popolo (common people; citizenry) and as a period whose revival offers a rallying point and potential salvation to populaces displaced from traditional contexts and thereby deprived of their cultures and identities.
The Medium Is the Byzantine: Popular Culture and the Byzantine
Authors: Betancourt Roland
Published: January 2018

The legacy of Byzantium in late modernity is still underdeveloped, particularly as it relates to the history of popular culture and new media. Tracing the interlaced narratives of excess and iconicity often associated with the Byzantine within British and American popular culture, this chapter explores how technological innovation and new media intersect with notions of the Byzantine so as to triangulate a system whereby the Byzantine operates as a fundamentally queer category amidst other narratives of medievalism. However, rather than focusing on citation and revivalism, this argument comes to seize ‘the Byzantine’ as a methodology for accessing and articulating the ontological shifts in the image and its medium in contemporary popular culture and art through the lens of contemporary queer theory.
Defining Diaspora through Culture: Russian Émigré Composers in a Globalising World
Authors: Dubinets Elena
Published: January 2018

This article explores how the Russian émigré composers, no longer required to nurture the nation-constituting loyalties, forge, negotiate and sustain multi-stranded individual relationships both with the transnational powers and with their native country, reclaiming cultural rather than territorial attachments which grow from psychological constructs rather than social conditions. It is revealing to observe that most of them continue to remain culturally tied to their country of origin and to long for its aesthetic values, while at the same time building civic attachments and hybrid identities in the globalised world. Based on empirical studies, this chapter considers how the reflections of post-Soviet identity shape these composers’ creative output and how the composers form relationships with their old and new neighbours.
Queer Maghrebi French
Authors: Provencher Denis M.
Published: January 2018

This book investigates the lives and stories of queer Maghrebi and Maghrebi French men who moved to or grew up in contemporary France. It combines original French language data from my ethnographic fieldwork in France with a wide array of recent narratives and cultural productions including performance art and photography, films, novels, autobiographies, published letters, and other first-person essays to investigate how these queer men living in France and the diaspora stake claims to time and space, construct kinship, and imagine their own future. By closely examining empirical evidence from the lived experiences of these queer Maghrebi French-speakers, this book presents a variety of paths available to these men who articulate and pioneer their own sexual difference within their families of origin and contemporary French society. These sexual minorities of North African origin may explain their homosexuality in terms of a “modern coming out” narrative when living in France. Nevertheless, they are able to negotiate cultural hybridity and flexible language, temporalities, and filiations, that combine elements from a variety of discourses on family, honor, face-saving, the symbolic order of gender differences, gender equality, as well as the western and largely neoliberal constructs of individualism and sexual autonomy.
2Fik’s Coming out à l’orientale and “Coming out” of France
Authors: Provencher Denis M.
Published: January 2018

In this chapter, I present and analyze photographer and performance artist “2Fik” (pronounced “Toufik”), one of the Maghrebi French interlocutors from my fieldwork.I situate 2Fik as the first case study because his personal story and creative work provide a very poignant example of the convergence of all three driving threads of the book – language, temporalities, filiations – and the emergence of a transfilial model that draws significantly on his mastery of electronic technologies.
Mehdi Ben Attia’s Family Ties, Temporalities, and Revolutionary Figures
Authors: Provencher Denis M.
Published: January 2018

In this chapter, I conduct an analysis of language, temporalities, and transfiliations in the life and cinematic work of Mehdi Ben Attia, the first Tunisian screenwriter and director to depict a self-identified gay male Tunisian protagonist alongside a variety of other “queer” and “non-queer” characters in his oeuvre. In part one, I examine excerpts from my 2010 one-on-one interview with Ben Attia in order to illustrate how his speech acts emphasize the importance of filiation, and in particular, being the eldest male child within the Maghrebi (French) family. His interview also exemplifies a flexible accumulation of language that queer Maghrebi French speakers use throughout this book as they “straddle” competing discourses and temporalities, and this emerges in full force in our conversation, and especially in reference to his discussion with his middle-class mother about his sexuality through his cinematic work.
Black German
Authors: Michael Theodor
Published: January 2018

This is the first English translation of an important document in the history of the black presence in Germany and Europe: the autobiography of Theodor Michael. Theodor Michael is the last surviving member of the first generation of ‘Afro-Germans’: Born in Germany in 1925 to a Cameroonian father and a German mother, he grew up in Berlin in the last days of the Weimar Republic. As a child and teenager he worked in circuses and films and experienced the tightening knot of racial discrimination under the Nazis in the years before the Second World War. He survived the war as a forced labourer, founding a family and making a career as a journalist and actor in post-war West Germany. Since the 1980s he has become an important spokesman for the black German consciousness movement, acting as a human link between the first black German community of the inter-war period, the pan-Africanism of the 1950s and 1960s, and new generations of Germans of African descent. His life story is a classic account of coming to consciousness of a man who understands himself as both black and German; accordingly, it illuminates key aspects of modern German social history as well as of the post-war history of the African diaspora.
Translator’s Preface
Authors: Michael Theodor
Published: January 2018

Many readers will pick up this book looking for the story of a Holocaust survivor, and it is certainly one of the few works of testimony that give us first-hand insights into what black people experienced in the Nazi “racial state”. Readers should start at the beginning and read on to the end, however, since what Theodor Michael has done is to tell three overlapping stories from the privileged perspective of a long life fully lived: a German story, a black story and a story of global diasporic consciousness. Equally important, he is self-consciously inserting himself into a continuous chain of storytelling in which black Germans explain their history to each other. ...
Liberty on licence
Authors: Beckingham David
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines the different approaches to alcohol licensing that shaped Victorian debates about problem drinking and drunkenness, from free trade in licences to models of public ownership of drink interests. It offers a critical review of the politicisation of alcohol in this period, and examines competing political theories and ideologies that shaped approaches to regulating alcohol. It concludes with a theoretical model for alcohol licensing.
‘The experiments are not found wanting’ – Labour and the Wartime State
Authors: Swift David
Published: January 2018

This chapter is concerned with the growth of the British state during the war, the relationship of the labour movement vis-à-vis the state, and the ramifications of this for the ideology and practice of the Left after the conflict. The first three decades of the twentieth century saw a variety of viewpoints as to how best theoretically and practically organise the economy and society, and the vision which was put into practice after 1945 was not necessarily destined to dominate. While the experience of the Depression and the Second World War - and the memory of broken promises and failed ambitions after the First – was certainly crucial to the coalescence of the ‘spirit of ‘45’ it is argued in this chapter that not enough significance has been attributed to the experience of 1914-1918 in this development.
Ronald Moody, from Primitive to Black British
Authors: Bidnall Amanda
Published: January 2018

“Ronald Moody, from Primitive to Black British” offers the first thorough, academic account of this British sculptor’s career, work, and evolving ideology as he negotiated more than fifty years in the British and European art worlds. This research suggests that although Moody’s sculpture was—like that of so many artists of this generation—influenced by the experience of world war, European modernism, and decolonization, his reception by critics was dictated by the racial and imperial politics of the day. Whether he was exoticized as an exponent of Jamaican primitivism, praised as a Commonwealth artist, or hailed as a pioneer of Black British visual art, Moody’s dedication to universalism ranked him among the modernists of British sculpture.
The Race Relations Narrative in British Film
Authors: Bidnall Amanda
Published: January 2018

“West Indians and the Race Relations Narrative in British Film” revisits perhaps the three most famous middlebrow British “race relations” films of the 1950s and 60s and their star lead, Bermudan—not West Indian—actor Earl Cameron. Taken together, Pool of London, Sapphire, and Flame in the Streets demonstrate the evolving “race relations narrative” that refracted shifting popular attitudes to Caribbean settlers in the capitol. Equally important but less acknowledged in the cinematic histories is Cameron’s perceptive portrayal of “safe” West Indian characters to a mainstream British audience. This chapter’s second subject is the Jamaican actor, filmmaker, and settler Lloyd Reckord. As major feature films remained preoccupied with the impact of Commonwealth migration on white domestic life, Reckord expanded British film’s experience and knowledge of race through his short films Ten Bob in Winter and Dream A40.
Conclusion
Authors: Bidnall Amanda
Published: January 2018

This short concluding chapter both reviews the arguments and chapters of The West Indian Generation and offers a postscript, bookending the experiences of these artists with the 1962 introduction of the Commonwealth Immigrants Act and continued immigration restriction in 1965 and after. If the Britain that artists like Edric Connor, Earl Cameron, Lord Kitchener and Barry Reckord evoked was multiracial, multicultural, and aware of its imperial (and later post-imperial) history and character, their tentative moment of multiculturalism was foreclosed by the mid-1960s. The 1965 foundation of the Caribbean Artists’ Movement, touched upon in this chapter, can be understood as a cultural counterpart to the sharpening political and social divisions that emerged around questions of race and belonging in London and a rapidly decolonizing British Empire.
Introduction
Authors: Kirk Neville
Published: January 2018

The Introduction focuses upon the book’s key concerns with transnationalism and the connected transnational lives of Mann and Ross. It highlights their transnational, as well as national and international, experiences, attachments and identities. These are set against the general development of labour movements in Britain, Australia and New Zealand. Having introduced the reader to its conceptual and substantive frameworks, the Introduction concludes with a breakdown of the text’s organisation and chapters.
Race and Whiteness
Authors: Kirk Neville
Published: January 2018

This chapter investigates Mann’s and Ross’s attitudes towards race, class and gender. The aim is to shed new light upon the widely debated and topical issues of racism, whiteness and anti-racism. This is done by means of an investigation of the interplay between race and class, division and solidarity, inclusion and exclusion and internationalism and national ‘exceptions’ and ‘peculiarities’. The chapter contrasts the exclusionary, nationally-rooted whiteness of Ross (despite his class-based socialist internationalism) with the inclusive, class-based anti-racism of Mann. It offers the conclusion that whiteness was probably more variable, contingent and contested than suggested in most of the recent and current literature. It also demonstrates that ‘whiteness’ and ‘race’ were highly gendered categories.
Conclusion
Authors: Roberts Keith Daniel
Published: January 2018

In conclusion, the various degrees of validity in relation to the diverse array of hypotheses on the decline of sectarianism are analysed. This section tests various assumptions and concludes what factors were most fundamental and which were the least important in explaining the diminution of what was perhaps one of Liverpool’s most defining and distinctive features: its sectarianism. It also notes how attitudes and demography have changed in the city and points out the potential for challenges in the future. However, this section adopts a generally optimistic viewpoint.
Plato's Atlantis Story
Authors: Gill Christopher
Published: January 2018

This book provides the materials needed for detailed study of Plato’s Atlantis story. It contains the two relevant Greek texts, the start of the Timaeus and incomplete Critias, in the Oxford Classical Text edition, with a new English translation of these texts. It also provides a full interpretative introduction, a medium-length commentary, and a Greek vocabulary. It is the only book which currently provides all these resources. Different kinds of readers will be able to use the book in different ways. Those primarily interested in Plato’s philosophy can focus on the translation and the introduction. Students or scholars of Greek can also use the text, commentary, and vocabulary.Distinctive features of the book include the full interpretative introduction, which takes account of recent scholarship on Plato’s story. Also, the commentary, interleaved with the Greek text for ease of reference, offers concise but informative help with the grammar and translation, supplemented by the complete Greek vocabulary. This makes the book useful in providing a medium-length prose text of considerable interest for students learning Greek and also for scholars wanting exegetical guidance. The book is based on an earlier edition, published in 1980 by Bristol Classical Press; however, the translation and most of the introduction are entirely new, and the commentary has been modified to match the new introduction and to take account of scholarship in the intervening years.
Timaeus 17a–27b
Authors: Gill Christopher
Published: January 2018

This provides a new English translation of the two Greek texts in which Plato presents the Atlantis story. The translation aims to be accurate to the Greek and also to offer a modern equivalent for Plato’s narrative style, which is philosophically suggestive, though not couched in complex or technical language. The translation is also referred to in notes in the commentary on the meaning and translation of the Greek texts. The translation includes the standard Stephanus page and paragraph numbers which are also found in the Greek text and commentary and in all other modern editions or translations of this work.
Critias 106–121
Authors: Gill Christopher
Published: January 2018

After Timaeus’s vast, and intellectually impressive, account of the origin of the universe, Critias suggests that his task is more difficult because people are more searching critics of material they know well, and so it is harder to give a convincing picture of human action than of the nature of the universe. This is a surprising claim, given the very demanding nature of Timaeus’s subject matter (which Critias ignores). Also, Critias’s description of his task recalls features of poetic representation criticized in the ...
The European Metropolis
Authors: Reznicek Matthew L.
Published: January 2018

This is the first book to explore Irish women’s novels and the representation of Paris, which draws these writers into a recognizably European literary tradition. By reasserting the centrality of Paris, this book draws connections between Irish women writers and European writers, forging new points of contact between Irish literature and canonical figures like Goethe, Balzac, and Zola through the shared interest in the socio-economic development of modernity. The European Metropolis not only expands the map of Irish Studies, but also to expand the canon of and the critical framework in which scholars situate these novels. Moreover, this book expands our critical understanding of the urban and female spheres of the modern metropolis.
Much More than Only Le Bel Irlandois
Authors: Reznicek Matthew L.
Published: January 2018

Thischapter reverses critical understandings of Maria Edgeworth’s representation of Paris in her last Irish Tale, which have often characterized the scenes in France as an interlude. Instead, this analysis reveals the complex role Paris plays in positioning Edgeworth’s writings in dialogue with the leading ideas of the French Enlightenment, especially those of the Abbé Morellet. Ormond’s Bildung becomes a rejection of speculative investments in favour of a more socially responsible form of economics.
Conhecimentos sobre educação financeira entre os estudantes de graduação do Centro Universitário Metodista - IPA
Authors: Seibt Nathalia Gris , De Souza Alan Andrew
Published: January 2018

A educação financeira tem como principal objetivo preparar as pessoas para lidar com as diversas decisões que devem ser tomadas diariamente com relação ao consumo, decisões financeiras e outras questões, que são, por muitas vezes, complexas. O presente estudo buscou verificar os conhecimentos sobre educação financeira de estudantes de ensino superior de uma instituição privada de Porto Alegre. Para isso, foi necessário o entendimento de alguns conceitos básicos de finanças, o contexto da educação financeira no Brasil, o funcionamento do sistema financeiro em que estamos inseridos, e como as decisões de consumo devem ser tomadas. Para tanto foi realizado um estudo quantitativo com estudantes iniciantes e concluintes da Instituição de ensino superior Centro Universitário Metodista - IPA. O questionário aplicado é composto por 19 questões visando identificar os conhecimentos sobre valor do dinheiro no tempo, oportunidade, endividamento e segurança sobre educação financeira. É também investigada a necessidade de disciplina específica sobre educação financeira na grade curricular dos cursos pesquisados (administração, ciências contábeis, publicidade e propaganda e psicologia) na visão dos alunos. Os resultados permitiram concluir que os alunos, de forma geral, possuem conhecimentos sobre educação financeira, mas não se sentem seguros na tomada de decisão. Por fim, o estudo propõe a análise da inserção de disciplina específica sobre educação financeira na grade curricular dos cursos da instituição, e sugere que os ensinamentos sobre o tema deveriam ser iniciados ainda na educação básica, para a formação de pessoas mais conscientes e seguras acerca de como consumir e gerir seus recursos.
Ilusões cognitivas e risco em decisões de investimento: uma análise das diferenças entre gênero
Authors: Faria Flávia Helena , Cunha Gustavo Rodrigues
Published: January 2018

Desde a década de 1970, observam-se evidências de que as dinâmicas do processo decisório de investimento em ativos financeiros ocorrem fora do previsto pela teoria normativa de finanças. Daí a necessidade de elucidar a natureza dos fatores responsáveis por tais desvios. Essa análise requer a mudança de foco da precificação de ativos para o comportamento do agente financeiro e o contexto em que esse agente toma suas decisões. Uma vertente relativamente nova denominada “Finanças Comportamentais”, tem se dedicado a analisar o efeito de heurísticas e ilusões cognitivas em decisões financeiras, tendo como premissa principal a sujeição dos indivíduos à característica limitada da racionalidade humana. Este estudo contribuiu para a construção desta agenda, tendo por objetivo descrever e analisar as possíveis diferenças entre gêneros com relação às dimensões de risco e aos vieses cognitivos apresentados por investidores potenciais. Para tanto, foram analisados os vieses cognitivos “ilusão de controle”, “otimismo” e o efeito “melhor do que a média”, e as dimensões “atitude”, “percepção’ e “perfil de risco”. A coleta de dados deste estudo, de natureza descritiva quantitativa desenvolveu-se por meio de um survey, com base em um questionário composto por 46 questões. A amostra não probabilística selecionada compôs-se de um total de 464 discentes dos cursos de graduação em Administração e Ciências Contábeis e do curso de pós-graduação em Administração de Empresas de Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES) do estado de Minas Gerais. Os dados coletados foram submetidos a uma de análise estatística univariada e bivariada, contemplando especificamente a análise de correlação e a análise de diferença entre as médias dos grupos formados com base nas variáveis sociodemográficas. Os resultados apontam que no âmbito das especificidades de gênero as mulheres apresentaram maior nível de ilusão de controle que os homens em decisões de investimentos e de ativos financeiros. Com relação às dimensões de risco, o gênero masculino manifestou uma percepção mais clara de uma ação que o gênero feminino. O fator “atitude de risco” demonstrou que os homens arriscariam mais diante da possibilidade de um retorno mais alto no futuro. Quando as varáveis são comparadas em relação ao fator “idade”, os mais jovens percebem melhor o risco das ações apresentadas. Quanto ao fator escolaridade, aqueles que estão cursando graduação mostraram-se mais propensos ao otimismo e à percepção de risco. No quesito “trabalho”, os discentes que estão inativos apresentam influência do viés da ilusão de controle. Já os respondentes que trabalham percebem melhor o risco.