bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the impact of flow dynamics on corrosive biofilms under simulated deep-sea high-pressure conditions using bio-electrochemostasis
Authors: Ivanovich Nicolò , Marsili Enrico , Shen Xinhui , Messinese Elena , Marcos  , Rajala Pauliina , Lauro Federico M.
Published: February 2025

The formation of biofilms on metal surfaces contributes to the degradation of metallic materials through a process known as microbially influenced corrosion (MIC). While MIC accounts for a substantial portion of the global corrosion-related costs, its study is particularly challenging when related to infrastructure deployed in extreme environments inhabited by microorganisms, such as the deep sea. Here, this limitation was addressed with the development of a high-pressure bio-electrochemostat able to simulate the conditions of the deep sea more accurately than the traditional closed-batch setups. With this device, the corrosive capabilities of the piezophilic sulfate-reducing bacterium (SRB) Pseudodesulfovibrio profundus were analyzed at 0.1 (atmospheric pressure) and 30 MPa under flow and static conditions on AH36 marine-grade carbon steel. The results highlighted the device’s ability to closely replicate environmental conditions, thereby keeping bacterial communities metabolically active throughout the experiments and allowing for a more accurate assessment of the impact of MIC. Furthermore, the comparison between atmospheric and high hydrostatic pressures clearly showed that MIC represents a threat for metallic structures at the bottom of the ocean as much as at surface level.
The interplay between antimicrobial resistance, heavy metal pollution, and the role of microplastics
Authors: Balta Igori , Lemon Joanne , Gadaj Anna , Cretescu Iuliana , Stef Ducu , Pet Ioan , Stef Lavinia , McCleery David , Douglas Alastair , Corcionivoschi Nicolae
Published: February 2025

Environmental pollution with heavy metals (HMs) and microplastics (MPs) could enhance the global health challenge antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Herein, we explore the complicated mechanics of how HMs, MPs, and AMR are interlinked within microbial ecosystems, as well as the co-selection and cross-resistance mechanisms. Unlike antibiotics, HMs have influenced microbial evolution for billions of years, promoting resistance mechanisms that predate antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). At the same time, this conundrum is further complicated by the pervasive spread of MPs in the aquatic and terrestrial environments, acting as substrates for bacterial pathogenic biofilms and accelerates the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of ARGs and heavy metal resistance genes (MRGs). This review highlights that HMs such as lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni) have persistently selected for resistance traits through efflux systems and genetic co-regulation. Together, these interactions are amplified by MPs that create genetic exchange hotspots due to biofilm formation. These dynamics are modulated by organic matter, which serves both as a nutrient source and a mediator of HM bioavailability, directly influencing ARG abundance. Soil and water ecosystems, including riverine systems and landfill leachate, are reservoirs for ARGs and ARG–MRG combinations, with notable contributions originating from anthropogenic activities. This review also emphasizes the urgent need for integrated environmental and public health strategies to mitigate pollutant-driven AMR. This work seeks to approach HMs and MPs as synergistic drivers of AMR such that both HMs and MPs are upstream (causes) levers, a foundation from which future research on sustainable environmental management practices and health policy (One Health Approach), aimed at curbing the spread of resistance determinants can proceed.
Diagnosis of bovine rotavirus: an overview of currently available methods
Authors: Huang Ying , Li Zhi , Fu Yong , Wang Shu Qin , Kang Ming , Meng Ru
Published: February 2025

Bovine rotavirus (BRV) is a significant pathogen that causes diarrhea in calves, profoundly impacting the cattle industry and resulting in substantial economic losses. Currently, the established diagnostic approaches for BRV primarily include etiological methods, such as electron microscopy, virus isolation, and culture; serological methods, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), latex agglutination test (LAT), and immunofluorescence techniques; and molecular biological methods, such as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), as well as next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. This review summarizes the current diagnostic methods for BRV, discusses their advantages and disadvantages, and presents future perspectives on BRV diagnosis, aiming to provide valuable references for the effective diagnosis and control of BRV-related diseases.
Changes in cerebral cortex activation during upright standing tasks in individuals with chronic neck pain: an fNIRS study
Authors: Xiao Chongwu , Liang Qianfei , Yang Yugang , Mo Mingyu , Li Weixiong , Chen Huade , Long Yaobin , Huang Jinjun
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Studies show that individuals with chronic neck pain (CNP) exhibit postural control deficits, potentially contributing to persistent and recurrent pain. However, the neural mechanisms underlying these deficits in CNP remain unexplored despite their importance for developing effective rehabilitation strategies. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the neural activity during postural control using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), providing insights into the central mechanism underlying postural control deficits in individuals with CNP.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 10 individuals with CNP (CNP group) and 10 healthy controls (HC group) were assessed under three conditions: Task 1, standing on a force plate with eyes open and both feet; Task 2, standing on a force plate with eyes closed and both feet; Task 3, standing on a force plate with eyes closed and one foot. Cerebral cortex hemodynamic reactions, including bilateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), pre-motor cortex and supplementary motor area (PMC/SMA), primary motor cortex (M1), and primary somatosensory cortex (S1) were measured using fNIRS. Balance parameters, including the sway area, total sway length, mean velocity, and center of pressure (COP) amplitude in the anterior–posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) directions, were measured using a force plate.

Results

In Tasks 1 and 2, no differences were observed between both groups in balance parameters. However, the CNP group exhibited significantly higher activation in the left PMC/SMA (F = 4.788, p = 0.042) and M1 (F = 9.598, p = 0.006) in Task 1 and lower activation in the left (F = 4.952, p = 0.039) and right (F = 6.035, p = 0.024) PFC in Task 2 compared to that of the HC group. In Task 3, the CNP group exhibited a significantly larger COP amplitude in the AP direction (F = 7.057, p = 0.016) compared to that of the HC group. Additionally, activation in the right M1 (F = 7.873, p = 0.012) was significantly higher than in the HC group. Correlation analysis in Task 3 revealed stronger associations between the parameters in the CNP group.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that individuals with CNP exhibit distinct patterns of cerebral cortex activities and postural control deficits. The PFC, M1, and PMC/SMA were involved in maintaining upright standing balance, and cerebral cortex changes associated with upright standing balance provide a more sensitive indicator of postural control deficits than peripheral balance parameters in individuals with CNP.
Unveiling BID: a key biomarker in apoptosis post-intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Dai Kun , Zhang Hong-Rong , Ren Shuai-Yu , Zhao Ming-Pei , Wang Neng , Gao Hong-Zhi , Kang De-Zhi , Zheng Zong-Qing
Published: February 2025

Background

Apoptosis plays a significant role in secondary brain injury following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Currently, the mechanisms related to cell apoptosis after cerebral hemorrhage are still under investigation.

Methods

We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between human ICH patients and normal individuals from the GEO database and conducted GO and KEGG functional enrichment analyses on these DEGs. We then constructed a PPI network and used the MECDE algorithm to identify key genes potentially involved in apoptosis after ICH. Additionally, we identified miRNAs that might regulate apoptotic genes in an mRNA-miRNA interaction network. Finally, we validated the bioinformatics results in a rat ICH model.

Results

In the human ICH model, 645 DEGs were identified. GO and KEGG analyses indicated that these DEGs are primarily involved in immune response, inflammatory response, and apoptosis. GSEA analysis showed significant enrichment of DEGs in the apoptotic process. By comparing with apoptosis-related genes in the MSigDB database, we identified 110 apoptosis-related genes among the 645 DEGs. Further PPI and MOCDE analyses of these apoptosis-related genes revealed that BID might be a key gene involved in apoptosis after ICH, which was validated within the rat model of ICH. The mRNA-miRNA interactions network construction suggested that miR1225-3p may be an important miRNA involved in regulating BID expression after ICH.

Conclusion

BID plays a critical role in the regulation of apoptosis following intracerebral hemorrhage and serves as a key biomarker in the apoptotic process after hemorrhage.
Inhibitory control in the sober state as a function of alcohol sensitivity: a pilot functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study
Authors: Cofresí Roberto U. , Upton Spencer , Terry Devon , Brown Alexander A. , Piasecki Thomas M. , Bartholow Bruce D. , Froeliger Brett
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Lower sensitivity (LS) to acute alcohol promotes hazardous alcohol use, increasing risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Compared to peers with high sensitivity (HS), LS individuals exhibit amplified responses to alcohol cues and difficulty exerting inhibitory control (IC) over those cued responses. However, it is unclear whether LS and HS individuals differ in neural or behavioral responses when exerting IC over affectively neutral prepotent responses (i.e., domain-general IC). This fMRI pilot study examined domain-general IC and its neural correlates in young adult LS and HS individuals.

Methods

Participants (N = 32, Mage = 20.3) were recruited based on their Alcohol Sensitivity Questionnaire responses (HS: n = 16; LS: n = 16; 9 females/group) to complete an event-related fMRI IC task in a sober state. Retrospective assessments of alcohol craving, consumption, and problems were taken outside the lab.

Results

Although IC performance (accuracy) was numerically lower for the LS group (M[SD] = 0.527[0.125]) compared to the HS group (M[SD] = 0.595[0.124]), no significant difference was detected [t(30) = 1.55, p = 0.132]. Across groups, IC-related activity was observed in bilateral fronto-cortico-striatal circuitry, including dorsal striatum (DS) and dorsal/supragenual anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). Within group HS, IC-related dACC activity was greater among individuals reporting less intense (b-95 CI = [−0.201, −0.041], p = 0.004) and less frequent alcohol craving experiences (b-95 CI = [−0.131, 0.005], p = 0.068), whereas in group LS, IC-related dACC activity was greater among individuals reporting more intense (b-95 CI = [0.009, 0.140], p = 0.028) and more frequent alcohol craving experiences (b-95 CI = [0.022, 0.128], p = 0.007).

Discussion

In sum, while LS and HS individuals demonstrated similar domain-general IC performance and recruited similar neural resources to perform IC, findings suggest that compensatory over-activation of frontocortical nodes of the fronto-cortico-striatal IC circuitry may be related to affective-motivational aspects of AUD symptomatology (craving in daily life) among LS individuals. Based on these preliminary findings, future studies with larger samples are warranted to determine the extent to which domain-general IC performance associated with fronto-cortico-striatal IC circuit activation contributes to the alcohol use pathophysiology, and whether therapeutic interventions (e.g., non-invasive brain stimulation) targeting fronto-cortico-striatal IC circuitry may decrease AUD symptomatology.
Music in the loop: a systematic review of current neurofeedback methodologies using music
Authors: Sayal Alexandre , Direito Bruno , Sousa Teresa , Singer Neomi , Castelo-Branco Miguel
Published: February 2025

Music, a universal element in human societies, possesses a profound ability to evoke emotions and influence mood. This systematic review explores the utilization of music to allow self-control of brain activity and its implications in clinical neuroscience. Focusing on music-based neurofeedback studies, it explores methodological aspects and findings to propose future directions. Three key questions are addressed: the rationale behind using music as a stimulus, its integration into the feedback loop, and the outcomes of such interventions. While studies emphasize the emotional link between music and brain activity, mechanistic explanations are lacking. Additionally, there is no consensus on the imaging or behavioral measures of neurofeedback success. The review suggests considering whole-brain neural correlates of music stimuli and their interaction with target brain networks and reward mechanisms when designing music-neurofeedback studies. Ultimately, this review aims to serve as a valuable resource for researchers, facilitating a deeper understanding of music's role in neurofeedback and guiding future investigations.
Serum-derived exosomal microRNAs as biomarkers for postoperative delirium
Authors: Xu Maokai , Chen Yingjie , Lin Yujun , Wang Danfeng , Zheng Xiaochun
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Postoperative delirium (POD) is a frequent and challenging complication in elderly surgical patients, marked by abrupt cognitive and attentional disturbances. Current POD diagnosis depends on clinical assessments that are time-intensive and lack predictive accuracy before surgery. Although previous research has explored biomarkers such as neuroinflammatory factors and Alzheimer’s-related proteins to enhance POD prediction, single molecular markers have proven insufficient for reliable prognosis.

Methods

This study investigated serum exosomal miRNA expression profiles in postoperative patients to assess their association with POD. We compared miRNA expression between POD and non-POD groups through cognitive assessments and serum analyses. Additionally, enrichment analysis was conducted to determine the biological pathways regulated by differentially expressed miRNAs.

Results

Our analysis identified 57 miRNAs with significantly altered expression between POD and non-POD patients, including 16 upregulated and 41 downregulated miRNAs in the POD group. Enrichment analysis revealed that these miRNAs are involved in genes regulating neurotrophin signaling, neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions, and pathways that influence neuronal plasticity and cell viability.

Discussion

This study highlights specific miRNAs as potential biomarkers for POD and suggests their involvement in the underlying mechanisms of cognitive decline following surgery. By enhancing diagnostic capabilities and identifying potential therapeutic targets, our findings could lead to more effective POD management strategies for elderly patients. Further research is recommended to validate these miRNAs and evaluate their clinical utility for predictive screening and therapeutic interventions.
Photochemically induced thrombosis combined with chronic restraint stress for modeling post-stroke depression in mice
Authors: Tuersunjiang Tumarisi , Wang Qingchen , Wang Zhengzheng , Gao Feng , Wang Zhengchun
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder associated with impaired recovery in stroke survivors, potentially linked to dysregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). This study aimed to establish a novel animal model of PSD by integrating ischemic brain injury with chronic psychological stress.

Methods

Mice were subjected to photochemically induced thrombosis (PIT) to generate focal ischemic lesions in the parietal lobe, followed by chronic restraint stress (CRS) to simulate post-stroke psychological stress. Behavioral assessments (sucrose preference test, forced swim test, tail suspension test) and molecular analyses (BDNF, synaptophysin [SYP], interleukin-1 [IL-1], tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]) were conducted to evaluate depressive-like phenotypes and neuroinflammatory markers.

Results

The PIT model produced consistent ischemic damage, with an average infarct area of 2.580 ± 0.426% in the parietal lobe. Mice exposed to PIT-CRS exhibited significant depressive-like behaviors, including reduced sucrose preference (p < 0.001), increased immobility time in the forced swim test (p = 0.056), and prolonged immobility in the tail suspension test (p = 0.168) compared to the Sham group. Molecular analyses revealed marked downregulation of BDNF (p = 0.004) and SYP (p = 0.074), alongside upregulated IL-1 (p = 0.024) and TNF-α (p = 0.368) levels in the PIT-CRS group.

Conclusion

The PIT-CRS model provides a comprehensive and reproducible platform for studying PSD. By integrating both ischemic injury and chronic stress, this model captures the multifaceted nature of PSD and offers valuable insights into its pathophysiology. Future research using this model could pave the way for the development of targeted therapies for PSD.
Validating image-derived input functions of dynamic 18F-FDG long axial field-of-view PET/CT studies
Authors: Smith Charlotte L. C. , Zwezerijnen Gerben J. C. , den Hollander Marijke E. , Greuter Henricus N. J. M. , Gerards Nienke R. , Zijlstra Josée , Menke-van der Houven van Oordt C. Willemien , Bahce Idris , Yaqub Maqsood , Boellaard Ronald
Published: February 2025

Aim/background

Dynamic PET imaging requires an input function typically obtained through blood sampling. Image-derived input functions (IDIFs) of the ascending aorta (AA), aortic arch, descending aorta (DA), or left ventricle (LV) offer non-invasive alternatives, especially with long-axial field-of-view (LAFOV) PET/CT systems enabling whole-body dynamic 1⁸F-FDG imaging. This study aimed to validate uncorrected IDIFs derived from the AA, DA, aortic arch, and LV by comparing them to (late) venous whole-blood in patients undergoing LAFOV PET/CT.

Methods

Eleven oncology patients who underwent 70-min dynamic 18F-FDG PET/CT scans on a LAFOV PET/CT system after receiving an intravenous bolus injection of 3.0 MBq/kg were included. Seven venous blood samples were collected manually at approximately 5, 10, 15, 25, 35, 45, and 60 min post-injection (pi) and compared to IDIFs derived from the AA, aortic arch, DA, and LV. Bias between IDIFs and venous blood samples was assessed at each time point.

Results

IDIF accuracy relative to venous blood samples improved over time, with a median percentage bias <10% after 25 min pi. At 60 min pi, the aortic arch showed the smallest bias (median −1.1%, IQR 5.9%), followed by the AA (2.5%, IQR 7.0%), DA (5.1%, IQR 8.6%), and LV (7.4%, IQR 7.6%).

Conclusion

The high precision of aorta-derived IDIFs suggests that IDIFs are a reliable alternative to manual blood sampling for dynamic 18F-FDG PET imaging on a LAFOV PET/CT system. Using IDIFs reduces variability, simplifies protocols, minimizes radiation exposure, and enhances patient safety with a non-invasive approach.
Aberrant expression of multiple γ-glutamyltransferases is associated with tumor progression and patient outcome in prostate cancers
Authors: Jiang Wencong , Liu Wang , Zhao Jiang , Xu Zhijian , Xi Ming , Wang Xiangwei , Li Benyi
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The human gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a membrane-bound extracellular glycoprotein with an enzymatic activity that cleaves gamma-glutamyl peptide bonds in glutathione and other peptides and transfers the gamma-glutamyl moiety to acceptors. It has been shown aberrant expression of GGT proteins in human cancers while their expression profiles in prostate cancers are not reported.

Methods

In this study, we analyzed the expression profiles of all protein-coding GGT genes using the TCGA-PRAD RNA-seq dataset derived from primary prostate cancers. GGT family gene expression profiles were also analyzed using the SU2C/PCF RNAseq dataset derived from aggressive late-stage prostate cancer patients. Androgen modulation of GGT family gene expression was analyzed using multiple NCBI/GEO datasets.

Results

Our results showed that prostate tissues expressed four major isoforms of GGT family genes (GGT1/5/6/7), of which GGT1 expression was upregulated but GGT6/GGT7 expression was downregulated in cancer tissues compared to benign tissues. However, GGT5 expression was increased along with tumor stage progression and associated with worse progression-free survival. GGT6 expression exhibited a superb AUC value in prostate cancer diagnosis and was associated with favorable progression-free survival. GGT1 expression was highly increased but GGT6/GGT7 expression was largely reduced in ERG-fusion-positive cases. In CRPC tumors, GGT6 expression was suppressed in patients with anti-AR therapies, which was reversed when patients were taken off the treatment. This AR-dependent modulation was confirmed in LNCaP cells and LuCaP35 xenograft models. In addition, compared to CRPC-Adeno tumors, treatment-induced NEPC tumors showed a reduced GGT1 but an elevated GGT7 level, which was in line with higher levels of GGT7 in NEPC H660 cells.

Conclusion

Our data suggests that GGT6 is a new AR downstream target but GGT7 is a potential NEPC biomarker.
A dynamic nomogram predicting nosocomial infections in patients after colon cancer surgery
Authors: Yao Xue , Wang Shuhui , Lu Anning , Xu Yun , Li Na
Published: February 2025

Objective

Nosocomial infections are one of the severe postoperative complications that compromise perioperative safety in patients with colon cancer. However, there are limited studies on constructing visual risk prediction screening tools for nosocomial infections in these patients. The objective of this study is to construct a nomogram for predicting the risk of nosocomial infections among patients after colon cancer surgery.

Methods

Total 1146 patients after colon cancer surgery were selected and divided into a training set and a validation set. After identifying the most significant predictors through LASSO regression and logistic regression, the model was presented as static and dynamic nomogram. AUC was used to evaluate the discrimination of model. Calibration was evaluated by means of calibration curves. Decision and impact curves were applied to evaluate the clinical validity.

Results

110 patients (9.60%) suffered nosocomial infections following colon cancer surgery. Peak temperature on the second postoperative day, Braden score on the first postoperative day, duration of retention of abdominal drains, ASA class, surgical type and postoperative complications were correlated with nosocomial infections. The nomogram composed of these predictors demonstrated good discrimination, calibration and clinical benefit in both the training and validation sets.

Conclusion

Risk predictors are important breakthroughs for healthcare workers in nosocomial infections prevention and control initiatives. The dynamic nomogram built in this study may be helpful for healthcare personnel to identify the risk of nosocomial infections among patients after colon cancer surgery.
The efficacy and safety of panax quinquefolius saponin for heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Jing , Chang Tianying , Liang Zheng , Cui Yingzi , Wang Xiaodan , Wang Lisha , Jin Hongguang
Published: February 2025

Background

Heart failure (HF) is a global health concern, affecting millions of individuals worldwide and leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in conventional therapeutic strategies, the prognosis for HF patients remains challenging, and there is a constant search for novel therapeutic options. Among these, Panax quinquefolius saponin (PQS) has demonstrated promising pharmacological properties that may benefit HF. However, the efficacy and safety of PQS for HF have not been comprehensively evaluated.

Objective

This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to provide a more reliable estimation of the efficacy and safety of PQS for HF. This will help clinicians make informed decisions regarding the potential use of PQS in managing HF patients.

Methods

We comprehensively and systematically searched for published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the following eight electronic databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science (WOS), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Wanfang Data, and China Biology Medicine Database (CBM) from database inception to March 2024. The Cochrane risk of bias (ROB 2.0) assessment tool was used for quality assessment, and Review Manager (RevMan, version 5.4) was used for meta-analysis. Mean difference (MD), 95% credible interval (CI), and relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated under a random-effects model. We also used GRADE profiler (GRADEpro, version 3.6) to analyze the quality of outcomes. In addition, the protocol has been registered in International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (INPLASY) under registry number 202440050.

Results

This study included nine RCTs involving a total of 952 patients with HF. The results of a meta-analysis under a random-effects model showed that adjuvant PQS therapy significantly increased LVEF (MD = 6.23, 95% CI [4.35, 8.12], P < 0.00001), 6MWTD (MD = 25.26, 95% CI [8.23, 42.30], P = 0.004), and decreased BNP/NT-pro-BNP (MD = −187.94, 95% CI [−267.20, −108.67], P < 0.00001), LVEDV (MD = −22.83, 95% CI [−42.79, −2.87], P = 0.02), LVEDD (MD = −4.76, 95% CI [−5.77, −3.74], P < 0.00001), and LVESV (MD = −11.86, 95% CI [−19.89, −3.83], P = 0.004) in patients with HF.

Conclusion

The evidence provided by this systematic review suggests that adjunctive PQS therapy for HF can improved clinical efficacy and holds potential advantages in improving cardiac function and increasing exercise tolerance. However, given the limitations inherent in this review, the conclusions of this study should be interpreted cautiously. Therefore, in clinical practice, it is recommended that physicians tailor treatment strategies according to the specific circumstances of individual patients.

Systematic Review registration

https://inplasy.com/?s=202440050
Agronomic impacts of chemically and microbiologically characterized compost tea in Mediterranean volcanic soils
Authors: Bonanomi Giuliano , Idbella Ayoub , Amoroso Giandomenico , Iacomino Giuseppina , Gherardelli Mara , De Sio Andrea , Saccocci Franco , Abd-ElGawad Ahmed M. , Moreno Mauro , Idbella Mohamed
Published: February 2025

Compost tea is widely recognized for its beneficial effects on crop growth and soil health. However, its efficacy varies depending on the composition of the feedstock and brewing conditions. This study investigates the chemical composition and agronomic impact of compost tea prepared from a commercial mixture of plant residues and animal manure. Standard chemical analyses, combined with solid-state 13C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy, were employed to characterize the organic chemistry of the feedstock. High-throughput sequencing of bacterial and eukaryotic rRNA gene markers was used to profile the microbiota. Compost tea was applied to three crops, Allium cepa, Beta vulgaris, and Lactuca sativa, grown in protected Mediterranean environments on volcanic soils. The 13C CPMAS NMR analysis revealed that the feedstock is predominantly composed of plant-derived tissues, including grass straw, nitrogen-fixing hay, and animal manure, with a significant presence of O-alkyl-C and di-O-alkyl-C regions typical of sugars and polysaccharides. Additionally, the chemical profile indicated the presence of an aliphatic fraction (alkyl-C), characteristic of lipids such as waxes and cutins. The compost tea microbiome was dominated by Pseudomonadota, with Pseudomonas, Massilia, and Sphingomonas being the most prevalent genera. Compost tea application resulted in significant yield increases, ranging from +21% for lettuce to +58% for onion and +110% for chard. Furthermore, compost tea application reduced slug damage and enhanced the shelf life of lettuce. These findings highlight the bio-stimulant potential of this standardized compost tea mixture across different vegetable crops.
Neuroscience-based relational art therapy and deep brain reorienting in the treatment of dissociative identity disorder
Authors: Gerge Anna , Rudstam Gabriella , Söndergaard Hans Peter
Published: February 2025

Art therapy (AT) has been proposed as a treatment for post-traumatic conditions, potentially by providing somatic sensory input that can (i) enhance the client’s sense of self and embodiment, (ii) modulate arousal, and (iii) aid in rethinking and reframing traumatic memories. However, evidence supporting AT as a treatment for dissociative disorders remains limited. The theoretical basis for the efficacy of AT is discussed in relation to findings regarding the traumatized person’s brain and mindset, as well as its altered functional network connectivity. It is crucial to consider specific alterations in brain networks associated with trauma, particularly those occurring in the deep brain regions, which include the midbrain, the brainstem, and the cerebellum. The hypothesis suggests that early or severe trauma can impair the brain’s higher regulatory functions, as explained by the cascade theory. This theory explains how diverse activation patterns within the midbrain’s periaqueductal gray (PAG) of the midbrain influence the limbic system and cortices, thereby modulating states of being and behavior. Phase-specific, resource-oriented, and long-term therapy for complexly traumatized and dissociative individuals can benefit from novel insights from neuroimaging studies to inform and enhance therapeutic methods. This is illustrated in a clinical vignette with a client diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder (DID), where deep brain reorienting (DBR) was combined with relational AT. The AT component is hypothesized to have facilitated a sense of grounding in the present moment and enhanced the client’s access to her neurophenomenological self. Moreover, changes may have occurred at implicit and non-verbal levels. DBR is believed to have helped the client remain present with her previously avoided and unbearable internal experience. To validate these assumptions, the second author conducted a semi-structured interview that focused on the client’s experiences of being dissociative and in psychotherapy, including the effect of DBR when introduced after AT. The client’s experiences were articulated through a thematic analysis of the interview, which yielded the following themes: Loneliness, getting help, and moving towards togetherness. Further research on and development of therapy methods that enhance the neuroplasticity necessary for highly dissociative clients to change and heal are highly recommended.
The last urban frontier—assessing hotspots of urban change associated with LCLUC in Africa
Authors: Laituri Melinda , Cardenas-Ritzert Orion S. E. , Vogeler Jody C. , Shah Heydari Shahriar , McHale Melissa R.
Published: February 2025

Urbanization is one of the leading drivers of Land Cover Land Use Change (LCLUC) globally, and African countries are at the forefront of urban expansion trends, specifically in small and medium sized cities. Multiresolution spatial datasets can be used to guide sustainable urban management and assess progress towards the U.N. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically SDG 11.3.1 indicator (the relationship between land consumption rate and population growth rate) to track urban change. We present a two-tiered land imaging approach identifying urban change hotspots in three African countries between 2016 and 2020 and characterize urban expansion in three secondary cities that have an SDG 11.3.1 indicator ratio greater that two (Mekelle, Ethiopia; Polokwane, South Africa, Benin City, Nigeria). This ratio indicates that land consumption outpaces population growth where patterns of urban expansion include leapfrog development, infill, and corridors revealing a dynamic urban expansion that outpaces administrative boundaries. We propose a “pixels to people” approach that defines not only urban form but includes urban function in secondary cities at multiple spatial scales where fine resolution depictions and local engagement create more robust, comprehensive datasets for urban planning.
Trends in body mass between finalist teams in the Japanese collegiate rugby union championship: a 15-year analysis
Authors: Sagayama Hiroyuki , Yamasaki Shogo , Uchizawa Akiko , Ahagon Yuki , Shimasaki Tatsuya
Published: February 2025

This study examined the relationship between body mass and match outcomes among university rugby players in a Japanese collegiate rugby union championship over a 15-year period (2008–2022). Using data from 680 players across 30 finalist teams, we analyzed trends in body mass by playing position and their impact on match outcomes. No interaction was observed for body mass in matches over 15 years for all registered players (interaction [year × match], p = 0.85). Although no significant annual increase in body mass was observed across the period, the winning teams consistently had heavier players, with an average difference of 2.2 kg. The forwards of the winning teams were, on average, 3.6 kg heavier, and their reserve players for forward positions were 4.2 kg heavier than those of the losing teams. These findings emphasize that body mass is a crucial factor in determining success at university level, particularly in forward positions. This study highlights the need for further investigation of the role of body composition, physical assessments, and game-related factors to better understand the determinants of rugby performance.
How the digital economy promotes urban–rural integration through optimizing factor allocation: theoretical mechanisms and evidence from China
Authors: Lu Yuchen , Zhuang Jiakun , Yang Chenlu , Li Lu , Kong Mei
Published: February 2025

The digital economy plays an increasingly crucial role in bridging the gap between urban and rural areas. This study investigates how the development of the digital economy can foster the integrated development of urban and rural areas by optimizing factor allocation, with an emphasis on its potential to narrow the urban-rural divide. The study aims to examine the impact of the digital economy on urban-rural integration, focusing particularly on the mediating role of optimized factor allocation. Using panel data from 30 Chinese provinces between 2011 and 2022, we construct indicators for digital economy development and urban-rural integration. The analysis employs a two-way fixed-effects model, a mediating effect model, and a spatial Durbin model to explore the spatial evolution and impact of the digital economy on urban-rural integration. Findings suggest that the digital economy enhances urban-rural integration both directly and indirectly. It directly contributes to integration and indirectly optimizes the allocation of labor, capital, land, technology, and information, further promoting urban-rural convergence. The effects of these mechanisms exhibit significant threshold effects and spatial heterogeneity. These results underline the importance of accelerating the digital economy and optimizing factor mobility as key strategies for urban-rural integration. Policy implications focus on enhancing the efficiency of resource allocation across urban and rural areas to accelerate balanced development.
The association between refrigerator use and carbon footprint of household food waste: empirical evidence from China
Authors: Zhang Li , Ye Linxiang , Qian Long , Han Jingwei , Zuo Xiuping , Li Yuting
Published: February 2025

Food waste in household settings contributes 66% of the global carbon footprint of food waste. Reducing food waste at the household level is essential for global environmental sustainability. Based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) and the China Food Life Cycle Assessment Database (CFLCAD), this paper explores the resource and environmental impacts of food waste from the perspective of the use of refrigeration equipment as a refrigerator in Chinese households, and based on life cycle theory. The primary findings are that (1) Refrigerator use significantly reduces the carbon footprint of household food waste. (2) Dietary knowledge plays a moderating role in the food waste carbon footprint effect of refrigerator use. (3) Heterogeneity analyses show that the effect of refrigerator use on household food waste carbon footprint varies according to the gender and education level of the household head, household per capita income level and urban-rural type. This paper provides evidence that the popularization of refrigerators reduces the carbon footprint of household food waste in China, which may have implications for other countries.
Lithocholic acid attenuates DON-induced inflammatory responses via epigenetic regulation of DUSP5 and TRAF5 in porcine intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Wang Shiqi , Peng Xiaoxu , Zhu Qi , Lu Sichen , Hu Ping , Kim In Ho , Liu Hao-Yu , Ennab Wael , Muniyappan Madesh , Cai Demin
Published: February 2025

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most common mycotoxin that frequently contaminates human food and animal feed, resulting in intestinal diseases and systemic immunosuppression. Lithocholic acid (LCA) exhibits various pharmacological activities. RNA-seq and ChIP-qPCR analysis were used in the current study to investigate the protective mechanism of LCA for DON-induced inflammatory Responses via Epigenetic Regulation of DUSP5 and TRAF5 in porcine ileal epithelial cell lines (IPI-2I) cells. The IPI-2I cells were treated with the vehicle group, 250 ng/mL DON, 20 μmol/L LCA, 250 ng/mL DON+ 20 μmol/L LCA for 24 h could induce inflammatory Responses via Epigenetic Regulation of DUSP5 and TRAF5 in IPI-2I cells. By analyzing the transcriptional profiles of DON and LCA-treated IPI-2I, we observed significant transcriptional changes in IPI-2I cells. Further analysis of up-and down-regulated differential genes revealed the enrichment of pathways closely related to inflammation and apoptosis, such as the MAPK signaling pathway, IL17 signaling pathway, and Wnt signaling pathway. An upregulated (p < 0.05) relative mRNA expression level of RAP1B, GDNF, FGF2, IL1R1, RAPGEF2, DUSP5, TGFB3, CACNA1G, TEK and RPS6KA2 were noted in IPI-2I exposed to DON. DON-exposed IPI-2I cells dramatically enhanced (p < 0.05) histone marks associated with transcriptional activation, H3K9ac, H3K18ac, H3K27ac, H3K4me1, H3K9bhb, H3K18bhb Pol-II and Ser5 Pol-II at the enhancers of DUSP5 and TRAF5. Overall, our findings provide a theoretical basis for understanding the mechanism of action of LCA in attenuating DON-induced intestinal injury and for better understanding the potential of LCA as a treatment or prevention of mycotoxin-associated intestinal diseases in swine production.
Identification of Subtle Differences in the Physiological Quality of Commercial Soybean Seed Lots Using Shotgun Proteomics During Germination
Authors: Sampaio Fellipe Ramos , Mora-Ocampo Irma Yuliana , Silva Fredy Davi Albuquerque , Oliveira Kevein Ruas , Pirovani Carlos Priminho , Barbosa Rafael Marani
Published: February 2025

Soybean seeds with similar germination rates may exhibit subtle differences in physiological quality, influencing field performance and storage longevity. This study used a shotgun proteomics approach to characterize the proteomic profile of two commercial soybean seed lots (higher- and lower-quality) during germination, aiming to identify biomarkers associated with vigor and deterioration. Proteins were analyzed across three germination phases: imbibition (Phase I, 0.5 h), metabolic activation (Phase II, 20 h), and radicle protrusion (Phase III, 51 h). A total of 777 proteins were identified, and of these differentially abundant proteins (DAPs), the following totals were detected: 12 in Phase I, 17 in Phase II, and 28 in Phase III. In Phase I, ribosomal proteins were more abundant in high-quality seeds, indicating efficient translation and preparation for germination. Conversely, in Phase III, low-quality seeds showed increased levels of storage proteins and stress-response proteins, including alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), heat shock proteins, and annexins, reflecting delayed germination and more deterioration. These findings highlight the dynamic nature of protein expression during germination and demonstrate the potential of proteomics to detect subtle differences in physiological quality. The identified biomarkers provide insights for seed quality assessment and offer practical applications for improving classification and management of commercial soybean seed lots.
Enhancing Plant Growth and Photosynthesis with Biofertilizers from Sewage Treatment
Authors: Ferreira Elisa Teófilo , Caetano Lucas Eduardo Santana , Candido Júlia Messias Bressan , Cechin Inês , da Silva Gustavo Henrique Ribeiro
Published: February 2025

The increasing production of sanitary sewage, driven by urban population growth and increased collection and treatment, is a significant concern due to its potential to cause environmental degradation. Sanitary sewage treatment offers an opportunity to recycle nutrients and water, which can be used as fertilizers in agriculture. This study aimed to evaluate bioproducts derived from sanitary sewage treatment as biofertilizers for sunflower plants. Different concentrations of dried microalgae cultivated in sewage and biosolids from anaerobic sewage treatment were added to plants grown in plastic pots filled with vermiculite with a 20% Long Ashton (LA) nutrient solution. Additionally, we used either pure reclaimed water or a combination of reclaimed water with the LA. All biofertilizers increased the dry matter of the shoot. Transpiration and stomatal conductance were little affected. Photosynthesis and instantaneous water use efficiency were increased while the CO2 concentration in the substomatal cavity was decreased. The results demonstrate that the biofertilizers improved plant growth and photosynthesis due to their high nutrient availability. This study underscores the potential of these biofertilizers to promote crop growth and photosynthesis, providing an alternative to chemical fertilizers while conserving potable water. Such innovations contribute to sustainable agriculture, particularly benefiting small-scale growers facing the challenges of climate change.
Effects of Sensor Speed and Height on Proximal Canopy Reflectance Data Variation for Rice Vegetation Monitoring
Authors: Karim Md Rejaul , Haque Md Asrakul , Ahmed Shahriar , Reza Md Nasim , Lee Kyung-Do , Kang Yeong Ho , Chung Sun-Ok
Published: February 2025

Sensing distance and speed have crucial effects on the data of active and passive sensors, providing valuable information relevant to crop growth monitoring and environmental conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sensing speed and sensor height on the variation in proximal canopy reflectance data to improve rice vegetation monitoring. Data were collected from a rice field using active and passive sensors with calibration procedures including downwelling light sensor (DLS) calibration, field of view (FOV) alignment, and radiometric calibration, which were conducted per official guidelines. The data were collected at six sensor heights (30–130 cm) and speeds (0–0.5 ms–1). Analyses, including peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) calculations and statistical assessments, were conducted to explore the impacts of these parameters on reflectance data variation. PSNR analysis was performed on passive sensor image data to evaluate image data variation under varying data collection conditions. Statistical analysis was conducted to assess the effects of sensor speed and height on the NDVI derived from active and passive sensor data. The PSNR analysis confirmed that there were significant impacts on data variation for passive sensors, with the NIR and G bands showing higher noise sensitivity at increased speeds. The NDVI analysis showed consistent patterns at sensor heights of 70–110 cm and sensing speeds of 0–0.3 ms–1. Increased sensing speeds (0.4–0.5 ms–1) introduced motion-related variability, while lower heights (30–50 cm) heightened ground interference. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated significant individual effects of speed and height on four spectral bands, red (R), green (G), blue (B), and near-infrared (NIR), in the passive sensor images, with non-significant interaction effects observed on the red edge (RE) band. The analysis revealed that sensing speed and sensor height influence NDVI reliability, with the configurations of 70–110 cm height and 0.1–0.3 ms–1 speed ensuring the stability of NDVI measurements. This study notes the importance of optimizing sensor height and sensing speed for precise vegetation index calculations during field data acquisition for agricultural crop monitoring.
Mixed Plant Viral Infections: Complementation, Interference and Their Effects, a Review
Authors: Sánchez-Tovar Monica R. , Rivera-Bustamante Rafael F. , Saavedra-Trejo Diana L. , Guevara-González Ramón Gerardo , Torres-Pacheco Irineo
Published: February 2025

Viral diseases are a frequent problem in the agricultural sector, causing significant economic losses, so their management is a constant challenge for producers and researchers. One of the factors that often complicates the control of viral diseases in plants is mixed infections, which occur when two or more viruses are present in a plant, generating a complex expression of symptoms. During a mixed infection, the following types of interactions basically occur: complementation and interference, the effect of which produces synergism, antagonism, or no effect. However, there are also subcategories of effects. This makes early detection difficult, and this infection can also give a competitive advantage to the pathogens involved. This review presents updated information on mixed viral infections in plants, the interaction categories, the severity of symptoms, and the impact on plants and vectors. The intention is to share information to better understand the etiology of the diseases.