bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Collaborative Integration of Community Health Workers in Hospitals and Health Centers to Reduce Pediatric Asthma Disparities: A Quality Improvement Program Evaluation
Authors: Basnet Sweta , Wroblewski Kristen , Hansen Elizabeth , Perez Ernestina , Lyu Ruobing , Abid Zain , Roach Alexis , Latham Catina , Salibi Nadia , Battle Brenda , Giles Louise
Published: February 2024

To address pediatric asthma disparities on the South Side of Chicago, a community health worker (CHW) home visiting intervention was implemented collaboratively by academic institutions and community based health centers. This evaluation assessed the effectiveness of this longitudinal quality improvement CHW intervention in reducing asthma morbidity and healthcare utilization. All patients aged 2–18 who met the high-risk clinical criteria in outpatient settings or those who visited the ED due to asthma were offered the program. A within-subject study design analyzed asthma morbidity and healthcare utilization at baseline and follow-up. Multivariable mixed-effects regression models, adjusted for baseline demographic and asthma characteristics, were used to assess changes over time. Among 123 patients, the average age was 8.8 (4.4) years, and 89.3% were non-Hispanic black. Significant reductions were observed in the average daytime symptoms days (baseline 4.1 days and follow-up 1.6 days), night-time symptoms days (3.0 days and 1.2 days), and days requiring rescue medication (4.1 days and 1.6 days) in the past two weeks (all p < 0.001). The average number of emergency department visits decreased from 0.92 one year before to 0.44 one year after program participation, a 52% reduction (p < 0.001). No significant difference was found in hospital admissions. These results support the use of a collaborative approach to implement the CHW home visiting program as part of standard care for pediatric asthma patients in urban settings. This approach has the potential to reduce asthma disparities and underscores the valuable role of CHWs within the clinical care team.
Griffiths-Type Theorems for Short-Range Spin Glass Models
Authors: Itoi Chigak , Mukaida Hisamitsu , Tasaki Hal
Published: February 2024

We establish relations between different characterizations of order in spin glass models. We first prove that the broadening of the replica overlap distribution indicated by a nonzero standard deviation of the replica overlap $$R^{1,2}$$

R

1
,
2

implies the non-differentiability of the two-replica free energy with respect to the replica coupling parameter $$\lambda $$
λ
. In $${\mathbb {Z}}_2$$

Z
2

invariant models such as the standard Edwards–Anderson model, the non-differentiability is equivalent to the spin glass order characterized by a nonzero Edwards–Anderson order parameter. This generalization of Griffiths’ theorem is proved for any short-range spin glass models with classical bounded spins. We also prove that the non-differentiability of the two-replica free energy mentioned above implies replica symmetry breaking in the literal sense, i.e., a spontaneous breakdown of the permutation symmetry in the model with three replicas. This is a general result that applies to a large class of random spin models, including long-range models such as the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model and the random energy model. There is a 25-minute video that explains the main results of the present work:https://youtu.be/BF3hJiY1xvI
Seizing and freezing to life outcomes: Need for cognitive closure intensifies affective reactions to major events
Authors: Cha Seung Eun , Ku Xyle , Lee Soeun Sarah , Choi Incheol
Published: February 2024

Research shows that significant well-being disparities emerge between individuals who experience major negative events and those who undergo major positive events. However, such differences may vary among individuals. Drawing from the theory of the need for cognitive closure (NFC), we theorize and test whether NFC, which captures seizing and freezing on salient information to reach a fast conclusion, intensifies the differences in affective well-being between those who experience negative or positive events. Across three studies (total N = 2,399), we provide converging evidence that supports our theoretical claim. We first found that participants with high (vs. low) NFC show a greater affective well-being gap between those who recalled their past negative and positive major events (Study 1). We also discovered consistent patterns when participants were provided with negative or positive major event scenarios (Study 2). Lastly, we further substantiated our findings by utilizing a longitudinal study of the 20th presidential election in South Korea (Study 3). Over a 6-week period, the well-being gaps between the supporters of the election winner and the runner-up were more pronounced among individuals with higher NFC. Overall, our findings have implications for identifying a novel psychological trait that influences the affective well-being gaps following significant events in one’s life.
Benefit-Cost Analysis of Nonprofit Cataract Surgery Services: A Social Return on Investment Approach at the Mexican Institute of Ophthalmology
Authors: Aleman-Castilla Benjamin , Ochoa-Ramírez Paola , López-Star Ellery , Dahik Loor Ana Cristina , Espinosa-Vega Daniela , Sánchez-Huerta Valeria
Published: February 2024

Cataract is the primary cause of treatable blindness in low- and middle-income countries. Due to limited resources, the public sector often fails to provide adequate services, resulting in long waiting times, low quality or significant quantity gaps. Nonprofits are crucial in providing supplementary or complementary funding and resources for affordable eye care and other public goods and services. This study evaluates costs and benefits of cataract surgery at the nonprofit Mexican Institute of Ophthalmology (IMO) using data from interviews conducted in 2022 to estimate its social return. For every peso invested, the average stakeholder receives a 12:1 return in improved autonomy, self-confidence, and reduced stress levels. Sensitivity analysis suggests a SROI ratio of at least 2:1 in the most restrictive scenario, increasing to 33:1 under more lenient assumptions. Measuring and communicating the social value of nonprofit activities is critical for optimizing resource allocation, enhancing accountability, and generating valuable insights into their effectiveness.
Diabetes mellitus in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: a post hoc analysis from the WARCEF trial
Authors: Romiti Giulio Francesco , Nabrdalik Katarzyna , Corica Bernadette , Bucci Tommaso , Proietti Marco , Qian Min , Chen Yineng , Thompson John L. P. , Homma Shunichi , Lip Gregory Y. H. ,   the WARCEF Investigators
Published: February 2024

Patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and diabetes mellitus (DM) have an increased risk of adverse events, including thromboembolism. In this analysis, we aimed to explore the association between DM and HFrEF using data from the “Warfarin versus Aspirin in Reduced Cardiac Ejection Fraction” (WARCEF) trial. We analyzed factors associated with DM using multiple logistic regression models and evaluated the effect of DM on long-term prognosis, through adjusted Cox regressions. The primary outcome was the composite of all-cause death, ischemic stroke, or intracerebral hemorrhage; we explored individual components as the secondary outcomes and the interaction between treatment (warfarin or aspirin) and DM on the risk of the primary outcome, stratified by relevant characteristics. Of 2294 patients (mean age 60.8 (SD 11.3) years, 19.9% females) included in this analysis, 722 (31.5%) had DM. On logistic regression, cardiovascular comorbidities, symptoms and ethnicity were associated with DM at baseline, while age and body mass index showed a nonlinear association. Patients with DM had a higher risk of the primary composite outcome (Hazard Ratio [HR] and 95% Confidence Intervals [CI]: 1.48 [1.24–1.77]), as well as all-cause death (HR [95%CI]: 1.52 [1.25–1.84]). As in prior analyses, no statistically significant interaction was observed between DM and effect of Warfarin on the risk of the primary outcome, in any of the subgroups explored. In conclusion, we found that DM is common in HFrEF patients, and is associated with other cardiovascular comorbidities and risk factors, and with a worse prognosis.
Intraoperative Colloid Use on Post-operative Renal Function
Authors: Chen Jacqueline , Ma Zhengmin , Peng Ke , Ji Fuhai , Shirakawa Nicole Keiko
Published: February 2024

Purpose of Review

This review summarizes the most recent literature on the association between intraoperative colloid administration and its effect on post-operative renal function.

Recent Findings

It appears albumin decreases the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI); however, meta-analysis studies show an increased need for post-operative renal replacement therapy. There was moderate certainty that early starches increased the need for renal replacement therapy; however, it appears newer starches have a better safety profile. Gelatins do not appear to contribute to renal dysfunction, despite a study showing a statistically insignificant higher incidence of moderate AKI. Studies involving dextran suggest better renal outcomes when used as a priming solution for cardiopulmonary bypass.

Albumin administration remains controversial with conflicting studies. While earlier starch products have been associated with renal dysfunction, further studies should be done on newer starches. There are limited studies for gelatins and dextran, suggesting possible renal-sparing effects.
Consumption and Liquidity Shocks
Authors: Acconcia Antonio , Chinetti Simone , Jappelli Tullio
Published: February 2024

We study the response of consumption to anticipated and unanticipated liquidity gains using information on gifts (occasional and recurrent) and severance pay from the Italian Household Income and Wealth survey. Consistent with standard intertemporal consumption models, we find that unanticipated income shocks affect nondurable consumption while anticipated shocks have no effect. In the former case, the marginal propensity to consume is estimated to be around 7%. We find also that this consumption response is stronger for poor households (around 10%) and negligible for rich ones.
Insights into Nano- and Micro-Structured Scaffolds for Advanced Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Qiu Jiajia , Duan Yu , Li Shaoyuan , Zhao Huaping , Ma Wenhui , Shi Weidong , Lei Yong
Published: February 2024

Adopting a nano- and micro-structuring approach to fully unleashing the genuine potential of electrode active material benefits in-depth understandings and research progress toward higher energy density electrochemical energy storage devices at all technology readiness levels. Due to various challenging issues, especially limited stability, nano- and micro-structured (NMS) electrodes undergo fast electrochemical performance degradation. The emerging NMS scaffold design is a pivotal aspect of many electrodes as it endows them with both robustness and electrochemical performance enhancement, even though it only occupies complementary and facilitating components for the main mechanism. However, extensive efforts are urgently needed toward optimizing the stereoscopic geometrical design of NMS scaffolds to minimize the volume ratio and maximize their functionality to fulfill the ever-increasing dependency and desire for energy power source supplies. This review will aim at highlighting these NMS scaffold design strategies, summarizing their corresponding strengths and challenges, and thereby outlining the potential solutions to resolve these challenges, design principles, and key perspectives for future research in this field. Therefore, this review will be one of the earliest reviews from this viewpoint.
The Education Leadership Challenges for Universities in a Postdigital Age
Authors: Ellis Robert A.
Published: February 2024

The executive leadership of universities internationally faces significant uncertainty in how to respond to ongoing technological innovation in a postdigital age. The current rapid progress in generative artificial intelligence (GAI) is exacerbating their plight. This study uses emergent research on GAI in learning and teaching to problematise the challenges of university education leadership in the face of such disturbances to core academic work. Considering the benefits and risks associated with the design of GAI, its inclusion in learning and teaching, and how it is reconfiguring the design of degree programmes and the strategies of local leaders providing support services through university organisational structures, this paper offers a principled ecosystemic approach to leadership that considers key elements for effective strategy implementation. The interrelatedness of strategy, governance, policy, management, and investment are discussed and a way forward for effective education leadership in a context of uncertainty is offered.
Conflicts up in the air: cabin crew resistance in Argentina and Portugal through the lens of the body
Authors: Cufré Sara , Engelhardt Anne
Published: February 2024

We reflect upon labour conflicts over changes in the flagship airlines in Argentina and Portugal through the lens of the body. In our qualitative, empirical study we refer to these changes as part of a global tendency in the civil aviation sector to intensify the workload and undermine occupational health and safety standards. Defining this as “Ryanairisation”, we argue that the flagship airlines are pushed towards a neoliberal labour model. Via an embedded and relational comparison, we want to highlight labour conflicts in transnational corporations as a relevant sub-discipline of peace and conflict studies along two research questions: Firstly, what corporal impact does Ryanairisation have on cabin crew workers in Argentina (Aerolíneas Argentinas) and Portugal (TAP) during the first stages of renationalisation processes? Secondly, how do cabin crew workers resist the impact at the scale of their bodies? To answer both questions, we combine concepts from Social Reproduction Theory (SRT) and materialist state theory. Despite increasing salaries and improving general working conditions in both countries, we see how nationalised companies relied on the intensification of labour and are pushing workers’ very physical and mental boundaries. We aim to highlight less visible conflicts at workplaces, a) at a rather individual level, b) hybrid collaborative workplace action, and c) organised in trade unions via open confrontations. Workers address the encroachment on their boundaries in diverse ways, from individual to organised forms of resistance. We examine how this also became relevant in the aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic.
AI hype as a cyber security risk: the moral responsibility of implementing generative AI in business
Authors: Humphreys Declan , Koay Abigail , Desmond Dennis , Mealy Erica
Published: February 2024

This paper examines the ethical obligations companies have when implementing generative Artificial Intelligence (AI). We point to the potential cyber security risks companies are exposed to when rushing to adopt generative AI solutions or buying into “AI hype”. While the benefits of implementing generative AI solutions for business have been widely touted, the inherent risks associated have been less well publicised. There are growing concerns that the race to integrate generative AI is not being accompanied by adequate safety measures. The rush to buy into the hype of generative AI and not fall behind the competition is potentially exposing companies to broad and possibly catastrophic cyber-attacks or breaches. In this paper, we outline significant cyber security threats generative AI models pose, including potential ‘backdoors’ in AI models that could compromise user data or the risk of ‘poisoned’ AI models producing false results. In light of these the cyber security concerns, we discuss the moral obligations of implementing generative AI into business by considering the ethical principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, justice, and explicability. We identify two examples of ethical concern, overreliance and over-trust in generative AI, both of which can negatively influence business decisions, leaving companies vulnerable to cyber security threats. This paper concludes by recommending a set of checklists for ethical implementation of generative AI in business environment to minimise cyber security risk based on the discussed moral responsibilities and ethical concern.
A systematic review of binge drinking interventions and bias assessment among college students and young adults in high-income countries
Authors: Bonsu Laurencia , Kumra Priyambda , Awan Asma , Sharma Manoj
Published: February 2024

Alcohol is the number one substance used by young people and people of college age. Binge drinking (BD) in this age group is considered one of the most important global health issues, as much harm accrues from it and even lives are lost. This study aimed to review the interventions to curb BD or encourage responsible drinking among college students and young adults. MEDLINE (PubMed), ERIC and APA PsycINFO were searched. The selected articles were published in English and had to evaluate a BD reduction program through a randomized control trial (RCT) among college students or young adults between the ages of 17–24 years. The exclusion criteria included research not published in English, systematic review articles, qualitative studies, designs other than RCTs and discussion articles on college students drinking with no findings. The three reviewers independently screened and extracted the data using the PRISMA guidelines. The overall quality of the studies was assessed. Then, 10 of the 12 interventions studied were found to be successful in reducing BD among college students, though the effect sizes were small to medium. A minority of the studies used behavior change theories. Effective interventions for reducing BD among college students and young adults should include robust behavior change theories, longer follow-up time and the operationalization of multiple outcomes. Process evaluation is needed to be conducted in these studies.
Disinfection of central venous access device needleless connectors: A human factors analysis
Authors: Drews Frank A. , Martinello Richard A. , Hebden Joan N. , St. John Keith H. , Pegues David A.
Published: February 2024

Objective:

Evidence-based central-line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) prevention guidelines recommend the use of an antiseptic scrub to disinfect needleless connectors before device access. Guideline noncompliance may render disinfection ineffective. The goal of this study was to observe needleless-connector disinfection practices and to identify perceived facilitators and barriers to best practices of needleless-connector access.

Methods:

A human factors mixed-methods study involving nursing focus groups of perceived barriers and facilitators and clinical observations of compliance with instructions and protocols for use of 3.15% chlorhexidine gluconate/70% isopropyl alcohol (CHG/IPA) and 70% isopropyl alcohol (IPA) antisepsis products for central venous access device (CVAD) needleless-connector disinfection was conducted in intensive care units (ICUs) at 2 academic medical centers.

Results:

Access to the antiseptic product and lesser workload were identified as best-practice facilitators. Barriers were the time required per needleless-connector access and knowledge deficits. Of the 48 observed access events, 77% resulted in needleless-connector disinfection. The observed mean needleless-connector scrubbing times when using IPA were substantially below the recommended time. Drying time after product use was negligible.

Conclusions:

Lack of access to the disinfection product, emergency situations, and high workload were barriers to needleless-connector disinfection. Observed scrubbing and drying times were shorter than recommended, especially for IPA wipes. These needleless-connector disinfection deficits may increase the risk of CLABSI. Ongoing education and periodic competency evaluation of needleless-connector disinfection, improvement of supply management, and staffing workload are required to imbed and sustain best practices. Further study involving a larger sample size in diverse patient populations is warranted.
Asymptotic scaling relations for rotating spherical convection with strong zonal flows
Authors: Nicoski Justin A. , O'Connor Anne R. , Calkins Michael A.
Published: February 2024

We analyse the results of direct numerical simulations of rotating convection in spherical shell geometries with stress-free boundary conditions, which develop strong zonal flows. Both the Ekman number and the Rayleigh number are varied. We find that the asymptotic theory for rapidly rotating convection can be used to predict the Ekman number dependence of each term in the governing equations, along with the convective flow speeds and the dominant length scales. Using a balance between the Reynolds stress and the viscous stress, together with the asymptotic scaling for the convective velocity, we derive an asymptotic prediction for the scaling behaviour of the zonal flow with respect to the Ekman number, which is supported by the numerical simulations. We do not find evidence of distinct asymptotic scalings for the buoyancy and viscous forces and, in agreement with previous results from asymptotic plane layer models, we find that the ratio of the viscous force to the buoyancy force increases with Rayleigh number. Thus, viscosity remains non-negligible and we do not observe a trend towards a diffusion-free scaling behaviour within the rapidly rotating regime.
Transition to fully developed turbulence in liquid-metal convection facilitated by spatial confinement
Authors: Ren Lei , Tao Xin , Xia Ke-Qing , Xie Yi-Chao
Published: February 2024

Using thermal convection in liquid metal, we show that strong spatial confinement not only delays the onset Rayleigh number

$Ra_c$

of Rayleigh–Bénard instability but also postpones the various flow-state transitions. The

$Ra_c$

and the transition to fully developed turbulence Rayleigh number

$Ra_f$

depend on the aspect ratio

$\varGamma$

with

$Ra_c\sim \varGamma ^{-4.05}$

and

$Ra_f\sim \varGamma ^{-3.01}$

, implying that the stabilization effects caused by the strong spatial confinement are weaker on the transition to fully developed turbulence when compared with that on the onset. When the flow state is characterized by the supercritical Rayleigh number

$Ra/Ra_{c}$

(

$Ra$

is the Rayleigh number), our study shows that the transition to fully developed turbulence in strongly confined geometries is advanced. For example, while the flow becomes fully developed turbulence at

$Ra\approx 200Ra_c$

in a

$\varGamma =1$

cell, the same transition in a

$\varGamma =1/20$

cell only requires

$Ra\approx 3Ra_c$

. Direct numerical simulation and linear stability analysis show that in the strongly confined regime, multiple vertically stacked roll structures appear just above the onset of convection. With an increase of the driving strength, the flow switches between different-roll states stochastically, resulting in no well-defined large-scale coherent flow. Owing to this new mechanism that only exists in systems with

$\varGamma <1$

, the flow becomes turbulent in a much earlier stage. These findings shed new light on how turbulence is generated in strongly confined geometries.
Connectivity of random graphs after centrality-based vertex removal
Authors: van der Hofstad Remco , Pandey Manish
Published: February 2024

Centrality measures aim to indicate who is important in a network. Various notions of ‘being important’ give rise to different centrality measures. In this paper, we study how important the central vertices are for the connectivity structure of the network, by investigating how the removal of the most central vertices affects the number of connected components and the size of the giant component. We use local convergence techniques to identify the limiting number of connected components for locally converging graphs and centrality measures that depend on the vertex’s neighbourhood. For the size of the giant, we prove a general upper bound. For the matching lower bound, we specialise to the case of degree centrality on one of the most popular models in network science, the configuration model, for which we show that removal of the highest-degree vertices destroys the giant most.
A CALCULATION OF THE PERFECTOIDIZATION OF SEMIPERFECTOID RINGS
Authors: ISHIZUKA RYO
Published: February 2024

We show that perfectoidization can be (almost) calculated by using p-root closure in certain cases, including the semiperfectoid case. To do this, we focus on the universality of perfectoidizations and uniform completions, as well as the p-root closed property of integral perfectoid rings. Through this calculation, we establish a connection between a classical closure operation “p-root closure” used by Roberts in mixed characteristic commutative algebra and a more recent concept of “perfectoidization” introduced by Bhatt and Scholze in their theory of prismatic cohomology.
Virtual care during COVID-19: The perspectives of older adults and their healthcare providers in a cardiac rehabilitation setting
Authors: Flores-Sandoval Cecilia , Sibbald Shannon L. , Ryan Bridget L. , Adams Tracey L. , Suskin Neville , McKelvie Robert , Elliott Jacobi , Orange Joseph B.
Published: February 2024

The present study aimed to explore the perspectives of older adults and health providers on cardiac rehabilitation care provided virtually during COVID-19. A qualitative exploratory methodology was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 older adults and 6 healthcare providers. Five themes emerged from the data: (1) Lack of emotional intimacy when receiving virtual care, (2) Inadequacy of virtual platforms, (3) Saving time with virtual care, (4) Virtual care facilitated accessibility, and (5) Loss of connections with patients and colleagues. Given that virtual care continues to be implemented, and in some instances touted as an optimal option for the delivery of cardiac rehabilitation, it is critical to address the needs of older adults living with cardiovascular disease and their healthcare providers. This is particularly crucial related to issues accessing and using technology, as well as older adults’ need to build trust and emotional connection with their providers.
Cognitive Enhancement as Transformative Experience: The Challenge of Wrapping One’s Mind Around Enhanced Cognition via Neurostimulation
Authors: Tubig Paul A. , Klein Eran
Published: February 2024

In this paper, the authors explore the question of whether cognitive enhancement via direct neurostimulation, such as through deep brain stimulation, could be reasonably characterized as a form of transformative experience. This question is inspired by a qualitative study being conducted with people at risk of developing dementia and in intimate relationships with people living with dementia (PLWD). They apply L.A. Paul’s work on transformative experience to the question of cognitive enhancement and explore potential limitations on the kind of claims that can legitimately be made about individual well-being and flourishing, as well as limit the kind of empirical work—including the authors’ own—that can hope to enlighten ethical discourse. In this paper, the authors advance the following theses: (1) it is sometimes reasonable to characterize cognitive enhancement as a transformative experience; (2) the testimonies of people intimately acquainted with dementia may still be relevant to evaluating cognitive enhancement even though cognitive enhancement may be a transformative experience; and (3) qualitative studies may still be useful in the ethical analysis of cognitive enhancement, but special attention may need to be given to how these are conducted and what kind of insights can be drawn from them.
The Third Earl Grey, Liberalism, and the British Empire
Authors: Parry Jonathan
Published: February 2024

This article suggests that Henry, third Earl Grey, had a vision of a liberal British world, which he hoped to implement through a political career. It was based on strong executive governance, representative politics, and the abolition of protection and slavery. It relied on the free market and good race relations to bring progress. He rejected the idea that legislation could impose improvement on colonial peoples. His program was quickly derailed, because of turbulent representative politics in Britain and the colonies after 1848. Later political developments made any integrated liberal vision of empire even more impractical. Studying Grey's arguments, and their fate, can help the task of defining British imperial liberalism. It is best understood as an attempt to check (Tory) vested interests, rather than as an ideology of interventionist improvement. Its priorities and tensions make most sense in relation to the concepts, assumptions, and turning points that dominated British politics.
The Specter of Female Masculinity: How Women Shaped the Ex-gay Movement in the 1970s and 1980s
Authors: Babits Chris
Published: February 2024

Starting in the 1970s, the “ex-gay movement,” a loose collection of conservative Christian counselors and therapists, experienced sizable growth in the United States. Importantly, women played a prominent role in the expansion of the ex-gay movement in the ensuing decades, both as counselors and as counselees. This article highlights the tension that arose between the patriarchal gender norms and the role women counselors played in the ex-gay movement. When read “along the grain,” ex-gay texts demonstrate the production of a gendered hierarchy that not only valued “female femininity” over “female masculinity” but also reified patriarchal authority in the US. Female pastoral counselors, such as Leanne Payne and Elizabeth Moberly, advocated for the conservative gendered vision of the religious right. But as women, these counselors—and their books—could not transcend the patriarchal order of the religiously conservative ex-gay movement.
Falldarstellung und Fallkonzeption in der Klinischen Neuropsychologie
Authors: Werheid Katja , Müller Christoph
Published: February 2024

Zusammenfassung: Falldarstellungen als Instrument diagnostischer und therapeutischer Qualitätssicherung enthalten neben der Beschreibung der Diagnostik und der ICD-Diagnosen ein modellbasiertes Fallkonzept, aus dem Therapieziele abgeleitet werden, deren Umsetzung und Evaluation dokumentiert werden. Besondere Bedeutung haben Falldarstellungen in der Aus- und Weiterbildung. Standardvorlagen der Klinischen Neuropsychologie sind historisch bedingt an Befunden und Gutachten orientiert. Entwicklungsbedarf wurde bereits seit Inkrafttreten der alten Weiterbildungsordnung der Landeskammern vor 10 Jahren und des aktuellen Curriculums der Gesellschaft für Neuropsychologie 2017 deutlich. Dies gilt umso mehr, seit die neue Weiterbildungsordnung in Kraft getreten ist, die die neuropsychologische Psychotherapie den anderen Psychotherapierichtungen gleichstellt. Besonderer Bedarf besteht an Standards für die Entwicklung individueller Fallkonzepte als Grundlage für Therapieziele und therapeutisches Vorgehen. Im Sinne dieser Zielsetzung skizzieren wir hier eine standardisierte Falldarstellung mit ICF-basierter Fallkonzeptualisierung, die neben funktionellen Defiziten auch Aktivitäts- und Partizipationseinschränkungen, Person- und Umweltfaktoren sowie eine fachlich begründete, abgestufte Auswahl von Therapiezielen enthält. Sie soll der Fachöffentlichkeit als Diskussionsgrundlage für die Weiterentwicklung neuropsychologischer Standards dienen.
Semantic and Causal Relations Between the Conspiracy Mentality and Belief in Conspiracy Theories
Authors: Trella Carolina , Sutton Robbie M. , Douglas Karen M.
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Four pre-registered studies examined the semantic and causal relation between conspiracy mentality and belief in conspiracy theories. Study 1 ( N = 251) confirmed important differences between these two constructs. Participants perceived conspiracy mentality propositions as general rules and conspiracy theories as specific examples. This perception that conspiracy mentality statements are more general was associated with the perception that they are more plausible and, if shared, less likely to cause dispute and to stigmatize the communicator. Conceptualizing them as different constructs, Studies 2–4 together indicate that they might have a bidirectional causal relationship with each other. Affirming conspiracy theories set in real-world and fictional societies increased participants’ conspiracy mentality scores, relative to negations of conspiracy theories (Studies 2, 3) and a baseline condition (Study 4). Conversely, affirming conspiracy mentality statements increased participants’ endorsement of conspiracy theories (Study 4). The semantic relation between the two constructs means each may reinforce the other through inductive and deductive reasoning. Nonetheless, important social-psychological differences may emerge between them due to the greater specificity and epistemic riskiness of conspiracy theories compared to the conspiracy mentality.
Trace Element Partitioning Between Saline Aqueous Fluids and Subducted Metasediments, and the Origin of the “Sediment Fingerprint” in Arc Magmas
Authors: Putak Juriček M. , Audétat A. , Keppler H.
Published: February 2024

Isotopic and elemental signatures in arc magmas bear similarities to marine sediments from the forearc. Partial melts of subducted sediments were previously invoked as the predominant carrier of material between the slab and mantle wedge, whereas aqueous fluids were deemed too inefficient at mobilizing trace elements to account for arc magma compositions. However, trace element solubility in aqueous fluids may be significantly affected by the formation of chloride complexes. We introduced NaCl into the sediment‐H2O system, and re‐investigated trace element partitioning between aqueous fluids and metasediments in a series of piston cylinder experiments at 2.5–4.5 GPa and 600–700°C. The diamond trap method was employed to separate the fluids, which were analyzed in the frozen state. Trace element compositions of fluids and all solid phases were obtained by LA‐ICP‐MS. We combined our data with published literature to demonstrate that saline fluids and sediment melts have a comparable efficiency in extracting incompatible elements from subducted sediments, producing similar element fractionation during mobile phase expulsion. Accessory phases such as allanite may only be stable in particularly Rare Earth Elements‐enriched lithologies. The Sr, Pb and Nd isotopic signatures of arc magma suggest that the mantle wedge is infiltrated by mobile phases derived from both the sediment and basalt sections of the subducted oceanic crust. Up to several percent of either sediment‐derived saline fluid or melt can account for the isotopic and elemental compositions of most arc magma. Geochemical similarities between arc magma and forearc sediments are not necessarily evidence of slab melting.
Variations in Subsidence Patterns in the Gulf of Mexico Passive Margin From Airborne‐LiDAR Data and Time Series InSAR: Baton Rouge Case Study
Authors: Hurtado‐Pulido Carolina , Amer Reda , Ebinger Cynthia , Holcomb Hayden
Published: February 2024

The Coast of Louisiana is affected by accelerating sea level rise compounded by land subsidence, leading to land loss. Vertical crustal motions in the region are caused by natural and anthropogenic processes that vary temporally and spatially across the Gulf of Mexico. We investigate the role of growth faulting contributions to subsidence in a case study of Baton Rouge, where two E‐W striking, down‐to‐the‐south normal faults, the Denham Springs and Baton Rouge faults, cut compacted Pleistocene strata, and where sediment compaction should be minimal. We used InSAR time series and LiDAR differencing data spanning 1999–2020 to quantify modern vertical and horizontal displacements. After calibration with GNSS data, both methods reveal similar spatial patterns in ground motion, with the faults delimiting areas with different absolute rates. On average the area north of the Baton Rouge fault is subsiding faster than the south, opposite to the long‐term sense of fault slip. LiDAR mean vertical rates range between −5 to −11 mm/y and −2.4 to −7 mm/y. InSAR time‐series mean rates in the LOS direction range between −10.9 to −13.6 mm/y and −8 to −10.6 mm/y, respectively, for the north and south areas. Subsidence in the northern area likely is controlled by groundwater level changes caused by pumping as indicated by groundwater extraction models. The southern area average is likely influenced by the injection of fluids. Our results suggest volumetric changes caused by fluid extraction and injection in regions separated by growth faults that are creeping to accommodate the spatial variations in subsidence.
Intense Human Activities Induce the Dynamic Changes of Interaction Pattern Between Karst Water‐Quaternary Groundwater in the Basin‐Mountain Coupling Belt Over the Past 60 Years
Authors: Li Chengcheng , Gao Xubo , Xiang Xuanli , Jiang Chunfang , Duan Yan , Wang Wanzhou , Zhang Xin , Tan Ting , Wang Quanrong , Wang Yanxin
Published: February 2024

Karst water are important for water supply and ecological protection. However, climate changes and human activities have caused severe water supply crisis. The Jinci spring, one of the famous karst springs in China, is located at the basin‐mountain coupling belt and dried up since 1994. This study integrated hydrogeological conditions, water table logs, hydrogeochemistry, multiple isotopes, and numerical modeling to understand dynamic changes of interaction pattern between karst water‐Quaternary groundwater response to human activity in the basin‐mountain coupling belt over the past 60 years. Our investigation indicated that under natural conditions (1960s), karst water discharges as springs and laterally recharges into Quaternary groundwater at the fault area. In the 1980s, overexploitation caused a significant reduction in spring discharge and a decline in karst water levels, especially in coal mining areas. Further declines in water levels and mixing recharge by karst water‐Quaternary groundwater were observed in the 2000s, which were eased in 2018. Calculations both by oxygen isotope and models indicated that contribution of Quaternary groundwater to Jinci spring ranged from 11.8% to 42.1%, with the highest in the 2000s. Evidenced by multiple isotopes, the recharging of karst water‐Quaternary groundwater varied spatially along the belt in 2018, with delayed water level elevation in coal mining and heavy groundwater exploration areas. This study demonstrated that artificial disturbance fundamentally affected the karst water‐Quaternary groundwater flow and water exchange between them. Precautions should be taken when evaluating global water resources changes, in view of the dynamic interaction between the karst water‐Quaternary groundwater spatially and temporally.
Cytokine profiling and transcriptomics in mononuclear cells define immune variants in Meniere Disease
Authors: Flook Marisa , Rojano Elena , Gallego-Martinez Alvaro , Escalera-Balsera Alba , Perez-Carpena Patricia , Moleon M. del Carmen , Gonzalez-Aguado Rocio , Rivero de Jesus Victoria , Domínguez-Durán Emilio , Frejo Lidia , G. Ranea Juan A. , Lopez-Escamez Jose Antonio
Published: February 2024

Meniere Disease (MD) is a chronic inner ear disorder characterized by vertigo attacks, sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness. Extensive evidence supporting the inflammatory etiology of MD has been found, therefore, by using transcriptome analysis, we aim to describe the inflammatory variants of MD. We performed Bulk RNAseq on 45 patients with definite MD and 15 healthy controls. MD patients were classified according to their basal levels of IL-1β into 2 groups: high and low. Differentially expression analysis was performed using the ExpHunter Suite, and cell type proportion was evaluated using the estimation algorithms xCell, ABIS, and CIBERSORTx. MD patients showed 15 differentially expressed genes (DEG) compared to controls. The top DEGs include IGHG1 (p = 1.64 $$\times$$
×
 10−6) and IGLV3-21 (p = 6.28 $$\times$$
×
 10−3), supporting a role in the adaptative immune response. Cytokine profiling defines a subgroup of patients with high levels of IL-1β with up-regulation of IL6 (p = 7.65 $$\times$$
×
 10−8) and INHBA (p = 3.39 $$\times$$
×
 10−7) genes. Transcriptomic data from peripheral blood mononuclear cells support a proinflammatory subgroup of MD patients with high levels of IL6 and an increase in naïve B-cells, and memory CD8+ T cells.
Practical high-dimensional quantum key distribution protocol over deployed multicore fiber
Authors: Zahidy Mujtaba , Ribezzo Domenico , De Lazzari Claudia , Vagniluca Ilaria , Biagi Nicola , Müller Ronny , Occhipinti Tommaso , Oxenløwe Leif K. , Galili Michael , Hayashi Tetsuya , Cassioli Dajana , Mecozzi Antonio , Antonelli Cristian , Zavatta Alessandro , Bacco Davide
Published: February 2024

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a secure communication scheme for sharing symmetric cryptographic keys based on the laws of quantum physics, and is considered a key player in the realm of cyber-security. A critical challenge for QKD systems comes from the fact that the ever-increasing rates at which digital data are transmitted require more and more performing sources of quantum keys, primarily in terms of secret key generation rate. High-dimensional QKD based on path encoding has been proposed as a candidate approach to address this challenge. However, while proof-of-principle demonstrations based on lab experiments have been reported in the literature, demonstrations in realistic environments are still missing. Here we report the generation of secret keys in a 4-dimensional hybrid time-path-encoded QKD system over a 52-km deployed multicore fiber link forming by looping back two cores of a 26-km 4-core optical fiber. Our results indicate that robust high-dimensional QKD can be implemented in a realistic environment by combining standard telecom equipment with emerging multicore fiber technology.
Targeted delivery of Fc-fused PD-L1 for effective management of acute and chronic colitis
Authors: Tang Xudong , Shang Yangyang , Yang Hong , Song Yalan , Li Shan , Qin Yusi , Song Jingyi , Chen Kang , Liu Yang , Zhang Dinglin , Chen Lei
Published: February 2024

The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in mucosal immunity is currently actively explored and considered as a target for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment. However, systemic PD-L1 administration may cause unpredictable adverse effects due to immunosuppression. Here we show that reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive nanoparticles enhance the efficacy and safety of PD-L1 in a mouse colitis model. The nanoparticles control the accumulation and release of PD-L1 fused to Fc (PD-L1-Fc) at inflammatory sites in the colon. The nanotherapeutics shows superiority in alleviating inflammatory symptoms over systemic PD-L1-Fc administration and mitigates the adverse effects of PD-L1-Fc administration. The nanoparticles-formulated PD-L1-Fc affects production of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, attenuates the infiltration of macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells, increases the frequencies of Treg, Th1 and Tfh cells, reshapes the gut microbiota composition; and increases short-chain fatty acid production. In summary, PD-L1-Fc-decorated nanoparticles may provide an effective and safe strategy for the targeted treatment of IBD.
Metabolomic machine learning predictor for diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer
Authors: Chen Yangzi , Wang Bohong , Zhao Yizi , Shao Xinxin , Wang Mingshuo , Ma Fuhai , Yang Laishou , Nie Meng , Jin Peng , Yao Ke , Song Haibin , Lou Shenghan , Wang Hang , Yang Tianshu , Tian Yantao , Han Peng , Hu Zeping
Published: February 2024

Gastric cancer (GC) represents a significant burden of cancer-related mortality worldwide, underscoring an urgent need for the development of early detection strategies and precise postoperative interventions. However, the identification of non-invasive biomarkers for early diagnosis and patient risk stratification remains underexplored. Here, we conduct a targeted metabolomics analysis of 702 plasma samples from multi-center participants to elucidate the GC metabolic reprogramming. Our machine learning analysis reveals a 10-metabolite GC diagnostic model, which is validated in an external test set with a sensitivity of 0.905, outperforming conventional methods leveraging cancer protein markers (sensitivity < 0.40). Additionally, our machine learning-derived prognostic model demonstrates superior performance to traditional models utilizing clinical parameters and effectively stratifies patients into different risk groups to guide precision interventions. Collectively, our findings reveal the metabolic landscape of GC and identify two distinct biomarker panels that enable early detection and prognosis prediction respectively, thus facilitating precision medicine in GC.
Single-cell transcriptomics identifies the differentiation trajectory from inflammatory monocytes to pro-resolving macrophages in a mouse skin allergy model
Authors: Miyake Kensuke , Ito Junya , Takahashi Kazufusa , Nakabayashi Jun , Brombacher Frank , Shichino Shigeyuki , Yoshikawa Soichiro , Miyake Sachiko , Karasuyama Hajime
Published: February 2024

Both monocytes and macrophages are heterogeneous populations. It was traditionally understood that Ly6Chi classical (inflammatory) monocytes differentiate into pro-inflammatory Ly6Chi macrophages. Accumulating evidence has suggested that Ly6Chi classical monocytes can also differentiate into Ly6Clo pro-resolving macrophages under certain conditions, while their differentiation trajectory remains to be fully elucidated. The present study with scRNA-seq and flow cytometric analyses reveals that Ly6ChiPD-L2lo classical monocytes recruited to the allergic skin lesion sequentially differentiate into Ly6CloPD-L2hi pro-resolving macrophages, via intermediate Ly6ChiPD-L2hi macrophages but not Ly6Clo non-classical monocytes, in an IL-4 receptor-dependent manner. Along the differentiation, classical monocyte-derived macrophages display anti-inflammatory signatures followed by metabolic rewiring concordant with their ability to phagocytose apoptotic neutrophils and allergens, therefore contributing to the resolution of inflammation. The failure in the generation of these pro-resolving macrophages drives the IL-1α-mediated cycle of inflammation with abscess-like accumulation of necrotic neutrophils. Thus, we clarify the stepwise differentiation trajectory from Ly6Chi classical monocytes toward Ly6Clo pro-resolving macrophages that restrain neutrophilic aggravation of skin allergic inflammation.
A deep learning dataset for sample preparation artefacts detection in multispectral high-content microscopy
Authors: Sharma Vaibhav , Yakimovich Artur
Published: February 2024

High-content image-based screening is widely used in Drug Discovery and Systems Biology. However, sample preparation artefacts may significantly deteriorate the quality of image-based screening assays. While detection and circumvention of such artefacts could be addressed using modern-day machine learning and deep learning algorithms, this is widely impeded by the lack of suitable datasets. To address this, here we present a purpose-created open dataset of high-content microscopy sample preparation artefact. It consists of high-content microscopy of laboratory dust titrated on fixed cell culture specimens imaged with fluorescence filters covering the complete spectral range. To ensure this dataset is suitable for supervised machine learning tasks like image classification or segmentation we propose rule-based annotation strategies on categorical and pixel levels. We demonstrate the applicability of our dataset for deep learning by training a convolutional-neural-network-based classifier.