bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of efficiency on banks’ market risk: Empirical evidence from China
Authors: Ab-Hamid Mohd Fahmee , Janor Hawati , Abdul-Rahman Aisyah , Abdul-Majid Mariani
Published: December 2021

This article investigates the effect of efficiencies on market risk using a sample of Chinese commercial banks from 2000 to 2015 using different measures of market risk; the Value at Risk (VaR) and Expected Shortfall (ES). The cost and profit efficiencies are estimated by the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) on the 12 biggest banks listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange. In testing the effect between efficiency and market risk, this study applied four different models to uncover the relationship between VaR and ES as measures of market risk on cost and profit efficiencies. Utilising a panel data analysis, the results show that different banks efficiencies affect market risk measures differently. While bank cost efficiency reduces market risk, increase in profit efficiency increase market risk. The analysis in this study helps explain the unconvincing evidence of an inefficiencies-risk connection in the bank sector. Bank regulators and managers may need to focus on the cost and profit efficiencies-related initiatives to better manage the market risk. These findings provide bank managers with more understanding of bank risk and serve as an underpinning for bank supervision efforts aimed at strengthening the joint risk management of efficiency market risks.
La materia della sovranità. Una critica filosofica dei muri
Authors: Sferrazza Papa Ernesto Calogero
Published: December 2021

Nonostante l’immagine postmoderna di un mondo liscio e senza confini, nell’epoca contemporanea le barriere fisiche rappresentano lo strumento fondamentale dell’articolazione politica dello spazio statale. Tuttavia, esse sollevano numerosi problemi etici e politici. Quest’articolo presenta una critica filosofica della razionalità teicopolitica, ossia della politica dei muri. Nella prima sezione si tratteggia la razionalità delle teicopolitiche contemporanee partendo da due paradigmi teicopolitici antichi. Nella seconda sezione si individua nel muro l’elemento che invalida l’immagine di un mondo globale privo di confini. Nella terza sezione si analizza il muro in quanto strumento di protezione del corpo statale. Nella quarta sezione si evidenziano le problematiche etiche e politiche prodotte daimuri. Nella quinta sezione sosteniamo che i muri rappresentino forme spettacolarizzate di sovranità. Nella conclusione si riassumono i risultati e si suggerisce che, in ultima istanza, le logiche teicopolitiche fomentino un sentimento paranoico a livello globale.
La evolución del juicio moral. Una explicación funcional plural
Authors: Parra Leal Víctor Emilio
Published: December 2021

Las teorías funcionales evolutivas de la moral asumen que la moral ha sido seleccionada evolutivamente por su efecto de lograr un comportamiento cooperativo y prosocial (explicación funcional del efecto seleccionado, ES). Esta asunción implica incorrectamente que se conoce el rasgo o rasgos que conforman la moral. Adicionalmente, la teoría funcional ES no parece dar cuenta de las particularidades del pensamiento moral, las cuales se sintetizan principalmente en las características que se le atribuyen al juicio moral, a saber, su autoridad e inevitabilidad (fuerza práctica). Este artículo plantea una explicación ES alternativa y argumenta que también se requiere de una explicación funcional del rol causal (RC), la cual muestra cómo se integra el efecto seleccionado con ciertas tendencias evaluativas básicas humanas, lo que permite dar cuenta de la fuerza práctica del juicio moral y de fenómenos como la ambivalencia moral. Queda sin explicar cuál es el rol que juegan la razón y las emociones en la formulación del juicio moral.
Couple resilience predicted marital satisfaction but not well-being and health for married couples in Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Surijah Edwin Adrianta , Prasad Gaura Hari , Saraswati Made Rinda Ayu
Published: December 2021

Throughout their marriage, couples face numerous adversities, with marital dissolution the ultimate threat. Couple resilience is defined as the process undertaken by couples to manage adversity through positive relationship behaviors. Previous studies on couple resilience have focused on negative relationship behaviors, but have not explored the interaction effect between the dyads. Three hundred couples living in Bali, Indonesia participated in this study by reporting their positive and negative relationship behaviors, and the expected outcomes of these (marital satisfaction, emotional wellbeing, and general health status). Model fit analysis showed that the relationship behaviors did not predict the outcomes and that there was no interaction effect between couples. Positive behaviors, however, showed a higher probability of predicting marital satisfaction, especially amongst wives. The implication of this finding leads to the practical suggestion for future couple resilience studies to conduct a multiphase longitudinal study with repeated measures of the outcomes.
Exploring gender differences in the vulnerability towards drug abuse among adolescents in Malaysia
Authors: Wan Sulaiman Wan Shahrazad , Kamaluddin Mohammad Rahim , Zakaria Ezarina , Ibrahim Fauziah , Hassan Nazirah , Manap Jamiah , Nen Salina , Ahmad Zamani Zainah , Yusooff Fatimah
Published: December 2021

Protective and risk factors are important in reducing vulnerability towards drug abuse among adolescents. This study, therefore, aims to explore gender differences in such vulnerability in high-risk areas identified by the National Anti-Drugs Agency Malaysia. The study employs a survey design, with questionnaires distributed to 213 adolescents who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The researchers developed the questionnaire and comprised five parts: the demographic profile, interpersonal conflict, negative emotions, social support, and mental health. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show no significant gender differences in interpersonal conflict, negative emotions, and mental health. However, there was a significant difference in social support based on gender, with females showing a higher mean than males. These findings imply the importance of identifying the relevant factors to prevent early involvement in drug abuse.
Distilasyon Yöntemlerinin, Sürelerinin ve Fraksiyonlarının Kekik (Origanum onites L.) Uçucu Yağ Oranları ve Bileşenleri Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: TUĞLU Ümmü , BAYDAR Hasan , ERBAŞ Sabri
Published: December 2021

Bu araştırma, İzmir kekiği olarak bilinen Türk kekiğinin (Origanum onites L.) farklı distilasyon yöntemleri ile distilasyon süresi ve fraksiyon dilimlerinin uçucu yağ verimi ve kompozisyonu üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla Isparta Uygulamalı Bilimler Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümünde 2014 yılında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada pilot tip distilasyon kazanlarında iki farklı distilasyon yöntemi (su ve buhar), altı farklı distilasyon süresi (15, 30, 60, 90, 120 ve 150 dakika) ve altı farklı fraksiyon dilimi (0-15, 16-30, 31-60, 61-90, 91-120 ve 121-150 dakika) uygulanmıştır. Distilasyon yönteminin, distilasyon süresinin ve distilasyon dilimlerinin kekiğin uçucu yağ oranı ve bileşenleri üzerinde önemli etkileri (p<0.01) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Su distilasyonuna göre buhar distilasyonundan daha yüksek uçucu yağ verimi kazanılmıştır. Her iki yöntemde de en yüksek uçucu yağ oranları 150 dakikalık damıtma süresinde (su distilasyonuda %4.60 ve buhar distilasyonunda %5.11) ve 16-30 dakikalar arasındaki fraksiyon diliminde (toplam uçucu yağın su distilasyonunda %31.60’ı ve buhar distilasyonunda %35.77’si) elde edilmiştir. Kekik yağının temel bileşeni olan karvakrolün en yüksek oranları su distilasyonu ile elde edilen uçucu yağda 16-120 dakikalar arasında (%93.91-94.60), buhar distilasyonu ile elde edilen uçucu yağda ise 16-60 dakikalar arasında (%93.11-93.41) tespit edilmiştir.
Sulfur Removal from Coal with The Basic Extraction Liquid of Oak Ash
Authors: ÇAĞLAYAN Gizem Hazan , İPEK Übeyde
Published: December 2021

Desulfurized coal produces high amounts of SOX during combustion. Therefore, many negative environmental impacts such as air pollution and acid rain occur. Coal desulfurization research is very important for environmental and socio-economic development. In this study; it was aimed to desulfurization of coal with oak ash extraction liquid. In this way, sulfur compounds that are harmful to the environment were removed with a waste in nature. Sorgun coal was chosen due to its high sulfur content. Extraction liquids were obtained from different weights of oak ash. Total sulfur and pyritic sulfur values were measured after desulfurization process. In addition, KOH + oak ash liquid mixtures were used for desulfurization to determine the effect of chemicals. For Sorgun coal, the highest total sulfur and pyritic sulfur removal with oak ash were obtained as 28.7% and 57.7%, respectively. Furthermore, the highest pyritic sulfur removal with oak ash + KOH mixtures was obtained as 61.9%. As a result of the study, it was observed that the oak ash extraction liquid was effective to remove total sulfur and pyritic sulfur from coal. It is clear that this study will light on further studies for desulfurization.
Eş-eksenli Al, As ve Ga Alaşım Katmanlarından Oluşan Silindirik Kuantum Tellerinde Eksiton Bağlanma Enerjilerinin Dış Elektrik Alanlar Altında İncelenmesi
Authors: BİLEKKAYA Abdullah
Published: December 2021

İçten dışa eş-eksenli silindirik 𝐴𝑙𝐴𝑠/𝐺𝑎𝐴𝑠/𝐴𝑙𝑥1𝐺𝑎1−𝑥1𝐴𝑠/𝐺𝑎𝐴𝑠/𝐴𝑙𝑥2𝐺𝑎1−𝑥2𝐴𝑠 katmanlarından oluşan bir kuantum telindeki ağır-deşik ve hafif-deşik eksitonlarının bağlanma enerjileri dış elektrik alan etkisi altında elde edilmiştir. Hesaplamalar sayısal olarak 4. Derece Runge-Kutta ve varyasyonel yaklaşım yöntemlerinin birleşimi kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Eksiton bağlanma enerjileri yapıdaki GaAs tel kalınlıklarına ve uygulanan dış elektrik alan şiddetine bağlı olarak bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar eksiton bağlanma enerjilerinin belli yapısal parametre değerlerinde teknolojide kullanışlı olabileceği düşünülen keskin değişimler gösterdiği ve elektrik alanın da bağlanma enerjileri üzerinde önemli etkilere sahip olduğu gözlenmiştir.
Farklı Toprak İşleme Sistemlerinde Yetiştirilen Buğday Bitkisinin Farklı Gelişim Dönemlerinde Toprakların Enzim Aktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: ERDEL Erhan
Published: December 2021

Tarımsal üretim altında kalan toprakların fiziksel kimyasal ve biyolojik özellikleri gerek tarımsal uygulamalar gerekse iklim faktörleri sebebiyle sürekli değişime uğramaktadırlar. Bu nedenle yetiştirilen bitki türüne, topraklar üzerinde yapılan uygulamalara göre toprak özelliklerinin incelenmesi oldukça önemlidir. Bu araştırmada minimum ve konvansiyonel toprak işlemeli tarım sistemleri altında yetiştirilen buğday (Triticum aestivum) bitkisinin, bazı gelişim dönemlerinde (ekim, sapa kalkma ve tane dolum) üreaz, alkali fosfataz ve katalaz aktiviteleri araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla buğdayın, ekim, sapa kalkma ve tane dolum dönemlerinde farklı derinliklerden (0-10,10-20 ve 20-30 cm) toprak örnekleri alınmış ve analizleri yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda; en yüksek üreaz ve alkali fosfataz aktivitelerinin her iki toprak işleme sisteminde de sapa kalkma döneminde olduğu; katalaz aktivitesinin ise bitki gelişim periyodu süresince istatistiksel olarak önemsiz olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca minimum toprak işleme sistemlerinde üreaz ve alkalin fosfataz aktivitelerinin daha yüksek olduğu ve toprak derinliği arttıkça üreaz, alkali fosfataz ve katalaz aktivitelerinin azaldığı belirlenmiştir.
Arıcılıkta Bazı Biyoteknolojik Gelişmelere Bakış
Authors: TOPAL Erkan , SARIOĞLU Aybike , OSKAY Devrim , BALKANSKA Ralica , GÜNEŞ Nazmiye , İVGİN TUNCA Rahşan
Published: December 2021

Arıcılıktaki araştırmalar birçok bilim dalının ışığında yapılmakta olup biyoteknoloji bunlardan biridir. İklimde yaşanan değişimler, arıların beslenme ve besin kaynaklarını etkilerken, son yıllarda hastalık ve zararlıların giderek artması ve kimyasal ilaçlara karşı gerek arının gerekse de parazit ve patojenlerin direnç geliştirmeleri sebebiyle hastalık etmenlerine bu kimyasalların çare olamaması arıcılıkta biyoteknolojik çalışmalara yönelimi hızlandırmıştır. Hastalıklara dirençli / verimli arı ırklarının ve mevcut katkı maddelerinin geliştirilmesiyle birlikte, yeni yem kaynakları oluşturulmasına yönelik biyoteknolojik araştırmalar yapılmaktadır. Özellikle dünyadaki gelişmelere uyum sağlamak sürdürülebilir arıcılık faaliyetleri açısından da oldukça önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada bal arısı ve arıcılık sektöründe yapılmış bazı biyoteknolojik araştırmalar incelenerek bu alandaki gelişmelerin ortaya konulması ve yakın gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalara ışık tutulması amaçlanmıştır.
Variation of Minerals Content and Some Bioactive Compound in Some Wild and Cultivated Edible Plants Grown Naturally in Kastamonu Region
Authors: TURFAN Nezahat
Published: December 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional and some bioactive compounds like pigment, total phenolic, amino acid, and ascorbic acid of nine species as Capsella-bursa pastoris L., Chenopodium album L., Echinophora tenuifolia L., Malva sylvestris L., Trachystemon orientalis L., Tragopon reticulatus L., and three woody species as Asparagus acutifolius L., Smilax excelsa L., and Vitis vinifera L., which are widely consumed in Kastamonu region. All species were taken from the local market in the second week of May 2019. According to the result, K was the most abundant macronutrient ranged from 20 470 to 65 410 mg kg-1, followed by Ca, Mg, and P. The amount of Na, Cl, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Co of samples Mn was in the range 100.4-3 280, 759.5-13 930, 77.6-4 298, 8.2-25.3, 9.40-25.4, 307-1 590 and 3.9-11.21 mg kg-1, respectively. In terms of chemical constituents, T. orientalis, V. vinifera, M. sylvestris, and T. reticulatus are the richest species with the high level of total chlorophyll, β-carotene, lycopene, phenolics, free amino acid, glycine betaine, ascorbic acid, but S. excelsa and C. album are two poorest species. As a result, T. orientalis, M. sylvestris, V. vinifera, and T. retiqulatus were the richest species in terms of total phenolics, amino acid, chlorophyll, β-carotene, ascorbic acid, but S. excelsa and C. album were the two poorest species. Considering all data, it can be said that these species were found significantly beneficial in terms of mineral sources have the potential to provide essential nutrients and antioxidant compounds to the consumers.
Acute Ecotoxicological and Histopathological Effects of Maxilon Blue 5G as an Azo Dye on Earthworms
Authors: KÖKTÜRK Mine , ALTINDAĞ Fikret
Published: December 2021

Today, the effects of dyes on the environment and life health are important scientific issues. In this paper, for the first time, we report the histopathological and ecotoxicological studies of Maxilon blue 5G on earthworms as very important organisms for soil structure. Earthworms was exposed to Maxilon blue 5G by direct injection method with different doses in a range of 1.0-8000 mg L-1 for 48 h. The experimental analysis showed that some considerable morphological abnormalities in the earthworms were detected with the injection of 5000 mg L-1 and 8000 mg L-1 of Maxilon blue 5G dosages. LD50 values of Maxilon Blue 5G in earthworms’ experiments were calculated as 6324.56 mg L-1 after 48 h, and these values are the first experimental findings for the literature. The findings of the study were supported by histopathological investigations that are many severe tissue damages that were observed in the intestine and the whole body of earthworms injected with a high dosage of Maxilon blue 5G.
Determining The Effect of Different Tillage Methods on Soil Penetration Resistance During Wheat Growing Season
Authors: ERDEL Erhan
Published: December 2021

Conservation tillage systems are applied due to their benefits for soil properties. However, studies have reported that conservation tillage system has negative effects on soil such as soil compaction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of tillage systems (minimum till, conventional till) on soil compaction during wheat cultivation. For this purpose, the penetration resistance readings were collected monthly from January to June at the depth of 0-80 cm. In order to determine soil moisture content, disturbed soil samples were collected at the same time with penetration measurements at the depth of 0-20 cm. The highest values of penetration resistance were recorded in May and June at the depths of 21-80 cm. In the meantime, the lowest values of soil moisture content were observed in May and June at the depth of 0-20 cm. In 21-30 cm soil layer, according to means of depth, penetration resistance was 2.04 MPa, which is the limit value for root growth in minimum tilled plots while 1.58 MPa in conventional tilled plots at the same depth. Results showed that penetration resistance increased with increasing soil depth and decreased with increasing soil moisture content, and soil penetration resistance increased under minimum tillage.
Benzinli Bir Motorda Kullanılan Alkol Katkılı Yakıtların Motor Performans ve Egzoz Emisyonlarına Etkisi
Authors: BEHCET Rasim , YAKIN Ahmet
Published: December 2021

Ülkelerin gelişmişlik düzeyinin artmasına paralel olarak motorlu taşıt sayısında her gün artış meydana gelmektedir. Fosil yakıt ile çalışan taşıtlardan kaynaklanan egzoz emisyonları havayı kirletip çevre ve insan sağlığını tehdit etmektedir. Temiz ve sağlıklı bir yaşam solunan havanın kalitesi ile doğrudan ilişkilidir. Hava kirliliğinin en önemli unsurları fosil kaynaklı yakıtlardır. Hava kirliliğini önlemenin yollarından biride kirliliğe sebep olan fosil kaynaklı yakıtlara alternatif yakıtlar kullanmaktır. Günümüzde taşıtlarda kullanılan fosil kökenli yakıtlara alternatif olabilecek temiz ve yerel yakıtlar, bitkisel ve hayvansal kaynaklı biyoyakıtlardır. Benzinli motorlarda en çok kullanılan alternatif yakıtlar ise alkol tabanlı yakıtlardır. Bu çalışmada, saf benzin içerisine hacimsel olarak %25 oranında metanol ilave edilmesi ile MB25 olarak isimlendirilen karışım yakıt ve yine saf benzin içerisine hacimsel olarak %25 oranında etanol ilave edilmesi ile EB25 olarak isimlendirilen karışım yakıtlar oluşturulmuştur. Bu yakıtlar, içten yanmalı benzinli bir motorda test edilmiş ve yakıtların motor performans ve egzoz emisyonlarına etkisi benzin ile karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. MB25 ve EB25 karışım yakıtlarının benzinli motorda test edilmesi ile elde edilen sonuçlar saf benzin ile kıyaslandığında sırasıyla, CO emisyonlarında %41.61; %16.97 azalma, HC emisyonlarında %14.60; %8.79 azalma meydana gelirken NOx emisyonlarında %35.43; % 4.53 artma, CO2 emisyonlarında %12.19; % 5.71 artma meydana gelmiştir. Motor performans değerleri olan motor gücünde %1.32 artma; %0.04 azalma, motor momentinde %2.10; %1.23 artma ve özgül yakıt tüketimlerinde de %5.20; %1.58 artma meydana gelmiştir.
Hippophae Rhamnoides L. (Yabani İğde) Bitkisinin Meyve Ekstraklarının İn Vitro Antioksidan Özelliklerinin Araştırılması
Authors: HAYTA Bilal , GÜLABOĞLU Mine , KUTLU Zerrin
Published: December 2021

Hippophae rhamnoides L. (Yabani İğde) bitkisinin meyvelerinin farklı polaritelere sahip ekstrelerinin toplam fenolik bileşik, total antioksidan aktivite, indirgeyici güç ve aktivite testlerinin yapılması çalışmamızın amacını oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Hippophae rhamnoides L. (Yabani İğde) bitkisinin meyvelerinin farklı polaritelere sahip ekstrelerinin toplam fenolik bileşik, total antioksidan aktivite, Fe+3- Fe+2 indirgeme kapasitesi ve DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil) radikal giderme aktivitesi yöntemi, ABTS (2,2’–azinobis (3-etilbenzotiazolin-6-sülfonikasit)) radikal giderme aktivitesi, FRAP metoduna göre Fe+3TPTZ indirgenme kapasitesi ve CUPRAC metoduna göre Cu+2-Cu+ indirgeme kapasitesi ile tespit edildi. Hippophae rhamnoides L. (Yabani İğde) bitkisinin meyvelerinin farklı ekstrelerindeki total antioksidan kapasiteleri, fenolik bileşik miktarları ve indirgeyici güç analizleri sonucunda diğer ekstrelere göre en yüksek etki etanol ekstresinde olduğu tespit edildi. DPPH radikali süpürme kapasitesi ve ABTS katyon radikali süpürücü kapasite % inhibisyon değerleri diğer ekstrelere göre etanol ekstresinde oldukça yüksek olduğu tespit edildi. Ayrıca FRAP radikali süpürme kapasitesi ve CUPRAC katyon radikali süpürücü kapasite değerleri de diğer ekstrelere etanol ekstresinde daha yüksek olduğu tespit edildi. Bu çalışmada analiz edilen Hippophae rhamnoides L. (Yabani İğde) bitkisinin meyvelerinden elde edilen daha çok etanol ekstresinde olmak kaydıyla metanol, su ve n-hekzan ekstrelerinde yüksek antioksidan aktivite, yüksek indirgeyici güç ve toplam fenolik bileşik bakımından zengin olduğu tespit edildi. Mevcut çalışmanın tek amacı, kitleler tarafından kabul edilebilirliğini artırmak için modern bulgularla desteklenen halk hekimliğinde kullanılan potansiyelini ortaya çıkarmaya destek olmaktır.
Study on Consumed Energy of Strenx 1100 Steel During MQL Assisted Hard Milling
Authors: KUNTOĞLU Mustafa
Published: December 2021

Strenx 1100 is a structural steel utilized in the critical engineering applications such as marine, crane and transportation thanks to its high tensile and yield strength properties. Despite its advantages coming from mechanical properties, hard-to-cut structure of this material makes difficult the metal removing. Therefore, high amount of energy consumption reveals due to the requirement of high cutting forces. In order to overcome this problem, recently, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) supported machining have been introduced from many authors. In this context, this study aims to measure and analyze the consumed energy in MQL assisted surface milling of Strenx 1100 steel. For this purpose, experimental results were evaluated by three methods: analysis on graphs, ANOVA based statistical evaluation and signal to noise (S/N) ratio based optimization. In the experiments, with the help of Taguchi, L9 orthogonal array design was adopted using three levels of cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut. According to the obtained findings, cutting speed is the most effective parameter according to contribution rate (46.28%) and P value (0.048<0.05), meanwhile feed rate (23.6%) and depth of cut (27.8%) have important contributors on the consumed energy during milling. Seemingly, general trend for the consumed energy is about to increase with higher values of cutting speed and depth of cut and lower values of feed rate according to 3D plots. This situation is confirmed with optimal solutions as vC=75 m/min, f=0.25 mm, aP=0.225 mm/rev achieved by S/N ratios. Conducted experiments and further analysis provide an important guidance for the industrial applications in MQL reinforced machining of hard materials.
Isatis quadrialata Al-Shehbaz, Moazzeni & Mummenhoff (Brassicaceae)’nın anatomik, morfolojik ve mikromorfolojik özellikleri
Authors: YILMAZ ÇITAK Burcu , ŞİRİN Emrah , ERTUĞRUL Kuddisi
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmada Isatis quadrialata’nın ayrıntılı morfolojik ve anatomik özellikleri incelenmiş olup, meyve ve tohum mikromorfolojileri araştırılmıştır. Anatomik araştırmalarda, türün kök, gövde, yaprak ve meyve enine kesitleri alınmıştır. Kök enine kesitlerinde, epidermis dokusu koruyucu görev yapmaktadır. Gövdelerde, tek tabakalı epidermis hücreleri, korteks parankiması, iletim demetleri ve öz hücreleri yer almaktadır. Yapraklarda, iki tabakalı palizat parankiması ile sünger parankiması yer almakta olup bifasiyal tip mezofil gözlemlenmiştir. Meyve enine kesitleri tek tabakalı ekzokarp, çok tabakalı mezokarp ve çok tabakalı endokarpa sahiptir. Meyve yüzey ornamentasyonu ağımsı iken tohum yüzey ornamentasyonu ise kabarcıklıdır. Isatis quadrialata’nın anatomik karakterlerinin taksonomik önemi olduğu belirlenmiştir.
The Effect of Trolox on Oxidative Stress Index and Nitric Oxide Levels
Authors: HARMANKAYA Ahmet , ÖZCAN Ayla , DALGINLI Kezban , ERDAĞ Dinçer , AYDIN DURSUN Yeşim , GÜNGÖR Büşra
Published: December 2021

Free radicals, which are formed as a consequence of endogenic and exogenic factors in cells, that cause oxidative stress in living organisms can be neutralized through catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), A, E, C vitamins, glutathione, ubiquinone, and flavonoids. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid), a type of vitamin E, on rabbits regarding the total oxidant and antioxidant capacity (TOC, TAC) levels together with the NO levels. In this study, 0.5 ml physiological saline and 1 µmol kg-1 trolox were given respectively to control and experiment rabbits via intraperitoneal (i.p.) route, Plasmas of blood samples, which were obtained in the 1st, 3rd, and 6th hours following injection, were separated and stored at -20 oC until to be analyzed. Plasma TOC, TAC and NO levels were determined spectrophotometrically. When the TOC, TAC, NO levels and OSI values of rabbits that were given trolox were compared to those of the control group, statistically, it was observed that the NO levels were high (p< 0,01) in the 1st, 3rd, and 6th hours; however, there was no alteration in their TAC, TOC levels and OSI values. As a result, it was concluded that trolox given as a single dose to healthy rabbits did not affect TAC TOC levels and OSI value, but the increasing levels of NO might be due to trolox's increasing activity of eNOS.
Simulation of Wave Solutions of a Mathematical Model Representing Communication Signals
Authors: KIRCI Özlem , AKTÜRK Tolga , BULUT Hasan
Published: December 2021

In this study, the Lonngren-wave equation is considered to be analyzed for its wave solutions. To implement this purpose the modified exponential function method is used and ultimately new hyperbolic, trigonometric and rational forms of the exact solutions are obtained. Furthermore, it was tested whether these forms satisfy the Lonngren-wave equation or not and it was seen that they verify the equation. Besides this, the two and three dimensional graphics together with the contour and density plots are presented.
Muş İli Damızlık Sığır/Manda Yetiştiricileri Birliklerine Üye İşletmelerin Yem Temini ve Hayvan Besleme Alışkanlıkları
Authors: YILDIZ Serhat , DENİZ Suphi
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışma, Muş İli Damızlık Sığır (DSYB) ve Manda (DMYB) Yetiştiricileri Birlikleri’ne üye yetiştiricilerin genel durumları, mevcut hayvansal üretim potansiyelleri ile hayvancılık için gerekli yem temini ve hayvan besleme alışkanlıklarının tespit edilerek, işletmelerin temel sorunlarını saptamak ve çözüm önerilerinde bulunmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi DAP (Doğu Anadolu Projesi) Çiftçi Eğitim Merkezi’nde eğitimlere katılan 250 kursiyerlerle yapılan anketler kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonunda katılımcıların %85.15’inin 15-50 yaş arasında olduğu, lise ve dengi okul mezunu olanların oranı %21.00, üniversite mezunu olanların oranı ise, %10.00 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kursiyerlerin %75.71’inin 5-100 da, %16.06’sının 100-250 da, %8.29’unun ise, 250 da ve üzeri tarım arazisi işledikleri tespit edilmiştir. İşletmelerde ortalama olarak 37.8 baş her yaştan sığır ve 9.33 baş mandanın olduğu; kaba ve kesif yemleri dışarıdan temin eden işletmelerin oranının sırasıyla %35.68 ve %52.50 olduğu; hayvanlarını merada otlatanların oranının %95.45; yonca yetiştirenlerin oranının %35.57 ve silaj kullanan işletmelerin oranının da %50.53 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Katılımcıların %61.73’ünün hayvanlara verilecek rasyonları, kendilerinin göz kararı ile hazırladıkları, %17.35’inin ise, rasyon hazırlamayı bilen birinden yardım aldıkları tespit edilmiştir. Yetiştiriciler içinde hayvanların ihtiyaç duydukları tuz ve vitamin-mineral takviyelerini yapanların oranı %87.63 olarak belirlenmiştir. Yetiştiricilerin çoğunluğunun, hayvanlarını günde iki defa yemledikleri (%64.97) ve ahır içinde sabit suluğa sahip işletmelerin oranının ise %29.80 olduğu belirlenmiştir.
The Effect of Seed Priming Applications on Germination Parameters of Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.)
Authors: ÖZYAZICI Mehmet Arif , AÇIKBAŞ Semih
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to determine the effects of silicon (Si) and salicylic acid (SA) seed priming applications on the germination parameters of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). The study was carried out in Siirt University, Faculty of Agriculture, Field Crops Laboratory, under controlled conditions at 24±1 °C. The plant material of the study was Rajan red clover (T. pratense L.) cultivar. The laboratory study was carried out in Petri dishes according to the randomized plots trial design with 4 replications. The subject of the study consists of hydropriming application with 2 mM, 4 mM, and 6 mM priming doses of Si and 0.5 mM, 1.0 mM, and 1.5 mM priming doses of SA. The study also included the non-priming application as a control subject. The germination percentage, mean germination time, germination index, coefficient of uniformity of germination, and germination energy properties were examined in terms of the effect on germination development in different priming applications applied to red clover. Significant differences were found between the priming applications in terms of all germination parameters examined. It is thought that early germination, more uniform germination, and higher germination rate can be achieved with priming applications in plants with germination problems such as red clover. In this respect, 2 mM Si priming application can be recommended.
Minimum transport-driven algorithm for water distribution network partitioning
Authors: Creaco Enrico , Zheng Feifei , Pezzinga Giuseppe
Published: December 2021

This paper presents a novel algorithm driven by the minimization of the transport function for the partitioning of water distribution networks (WDNs) into district metered areas (DMAs). The algorithm is based on the linear programming (LP) embedded inside a multi-objective genetic algorithm, which enables engineering criteria, such as the minimization of the boundary pipes and the maximization of the uniformity of DMAs, to be considered in the partitioning. Furthermore, the application of the algorithm on the dual network topology based on segments and valves guarantees that configurations of DMAs that respect the real positions of isolation valves for WDN partitioning are obtained. After being described on a small WDN, it is successfully validated on a large size WDN, proving better performance than other algorithms in the scientific literature for the generation of engineeringly appealing DMA configurations, with almost identical hydraulic performance to the unpartitioned WDN.
FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE E CONSCIÊNCIA HISTÓRICA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO – PIBID/HISTÓRIA/CERES
Authors: Andrade Juciene Batista Félix , De Medeiros Maria de Lourdes Pereira
Published: December 2021

O artigo apresenta a experiência de planejamento e intervenção temática das relações étnico-raciais e a Lei 10.639/03 no âmbito do subprojeto História PIBID, na Escola Estadual Antônio Aladim, na cidade de Caicó-RN no ano de 2015. Para tanto, levou-se em consideração na reflexão que se apresenta, o trabalho da supervisão a cargo da professora Maria de Lourdes Pereira de Medeiros no planejamento das atividades de intervenção com os bolsistas PIBID para sala de aula. Nesse trabalho, enfatiza-se o protagonismo do professor, a construção da consciência histórica no aluno e a formação docente.
A MOTIVAÇÃO POR MEIO DA ORALIDADE NO APRENDIZADO DA LÍNGUA INGLESA
Authors: De Souza Isabelle Maria Amaro , Batista Vanessa Souto , Da Silva Kleiton , De Assis Luis Alfredo Fernandes
Published: December 2021

Este artigo se propõe a refletir sobre a motivação no ensino da oralidade da língua inglesa, no ensino fundamental da escola pública, e sobre o uso de jogos e atividades lúdicas, como incentivo na participação desses alunos. As aulas foram observadas e ministradas por bolsistas do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID), em uma turma da escola estadual Ary Parreiras, no bairro do Alecrim, em Natal-RN, durante o segundo bimestre de 2016. Com o objetivo de auxiliar na compreensão do conteúdo estudado em sala de aula, foram realizadas atividades com foco na prática de compreensão auditiva (listening) e produção oral (speaking). Os alunos foram incentivados a interagir e a cooperar entre si, de forma que até os mais tímidos participaram. Pôde-se observar um maior interesse dos alunos nas aulas de língua inglesa, bem como uma maior participação, consequências diretas do fator motivação.
Explaining Adherence to American Academy of Pediatrics Screen Time Recommendations With Caregiver Awareness and Parental Motivation Factors: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Lammers Shea M , Woods Rebecca J , Brotherson Sean E , Deal James E , Platt Carrie Anne
Published: December 2021

Background

With the increasing integration of technology into society, it is advisable that researchers explore the effects of repeated digital media exposure on our most vulnerable population—infants. Excessive screen time during infancy has been linked to delays in language, literacy, and self-regulation.

Objective

This study explores the awareness of and adherence to the American Academy of Pediatrics’ (AAP) recommendations related to avoiding screen time for infants younger than 2 years and the motivational factors associated with screen time exposure.

Methods

A mixed methods survey design was used to gather responses from 178 mothers of infants younger than 2 years. The measures included infant screen time use and duration, maternal awareness of screen time use recommendations, and motivations related to screen time exposure. A variety of statistical procedures were used to explore associations between caregiver awareness of and adherence to AAP guidelines for screen time exposure, motivations related to screen time for infants, and the duration of infant screen time exposure.

Results

The results indicated that 62.2% (111/178) of mothers were aware of the AAP screen time recommendations, but only 46.1% (82/178) could cite them accurately, and most mothers learned of them via the internet or from a medical professional. Mothers who were aware of the guidelines allowed significantly less screen time for infants than those who were unaware (P=.03). In addition, parents who adhered to the AAP guidelines reported significantly less infant screen time per day than those who did not adhere (P<.001). Among mothers who reported not adhering to the guidelines, the greatest motivation for allowing screen time was perceived educational benefits. Less educated mothers rated an infant’s relaxation as a motivational factor in allowing screen time significantly higher than more highly educated mothers (P=.048). The regression analysis indicated that none of the parental motivation factors predicted daily infant screen time.

Conclusions

These results indicate 2 key approaches to improving adherence to screen time recommendations. First, the awareness of the AAP recommendations needs to be increased, which tends to improve adherence. Second, the myth that screen time can be educational for infants needs to be dispelled.
CARNIVALIZATION IN DANARTO’S ASMARALOKA: A STUDY OF BAKHTINIAN DIALOGISM
Authors: Wahyuningtyas Sri , Puspitarini Herning
Published: December 2021

Asmaraloka, a novel written by Danarto, is a non-realistic novel that contains many voices, ideas, discourses, and thoughts that construct the carnivalesque elements in the novel. Within the context of diversity and various phenomena in the world, the carnivalization of the story shapes the behaviors and the identities of the characters in it.Drawing on this idea, this study aims to reveal the internal and external elements that contribute to the carnivalization of Asmaraloka. The novel’s text is examined qualitatively using Bakhtinian dialogism and a sociological approach to dialogic behavior for the purpose of understanding the complete construction of meanings as the reflection of the author’s world view.The study finds that there are two categories of carnivalesque elements in Asmaraloka, namely the external and internal elements of carnival. The external carnivalization of the story creates the non-realistic world in it in relation to other texts that contribute to the diversity of ideas/ meanings in the novel. The internal carnivalization of the story generates the following structural aspects: (1) the battlefield as a means of carnival performance, (2) the occurrence of an abnormal human relationship between the characters, (3) the carnivalesque phenomena that are constructed in the story through the dialogues between peace and chaos and between obedience and denial, and (4) the effects of carnivalesque behaviors on the characters’ personality. Asmaraloka merupakan novel nonrealis karya Danarto yang berisi banyak suara, gagasan, wacana, dan pemikiran yang membentuk unsur-unsur karnival di dalamnya. Dalam konteks keberagaman dan berbagai fenomena di dunia, karnivalisasi karya sastra merupakan hal yang dapat mempengaruhi tingkah laku dan pembentukan jati diri para tokoh dalam cerita.Berkaitan dengan gagasan di atas, penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap karnivalisasi teks Asmaraloka baik yang bersifat internal maupun yang eksternal dan pengaruhnya terhadap pembentukan karakter dari tokoh-tokoh dalam novel Asmaraloka. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Analisis dilakukan berdasarkan dialogisme Bakhtin dan pendekatan sosiologis pada perilaku dialogis untuk memahami jalinan makna utuh sebagai pandangan dunia pengarang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya unsur karnival eksternal dan internal yang membangun cerita.Karnivalisasi eksternal membentuk dunia nonrealis dari cerita dan berkaitan dengan teks-teks lain yang berperan membangun keragaman makna dalam Asmaraloka. Karnivalisasi internal cerita mengungkap adanya aspek-aspek berikut ini: (1) medan pertempuran sebagai sarana pertunjukkan, (2) hubungan manusia yang tidak normal yang terjadi antar tokoh, (3) fenomena-fenomena karnivalistik yang terbangun melalui interaksi antara kedamaian dan kekacauan dan juga antara ketaatan dan pengingkaran, dan (4) unsur-unsur karnival yang merupakan dialog antara gagasan pengarang dan fenomena-fenomena sosial di masyarakat.
An Analysis of Zeno’s Paradox and Non-measurable Sets Based on Dialectical Infinity
Authors: Hong Zhang , Qiang Zhou Hong
Published: December 2021

The Problem of Continuity and Discreteness is the basic problem of philosophy and mathematics. For a long time, there is no clear understanding of this problem, which leads to the stagnation of the problem, because the essence of the problem is a problem of finity and infinity. The essence of the philosophical thought on which the mathematical definition of “line segment is composed of dots” is the idea of actual infinity, and geometric dot is equivalent to algebraic zero in terms of measure properties. In view of the above contradictions, this paper presents two solutions satisfying both the philosophical and mathematical circles based on the view of dialectical infinity, and the authors make a deep analysis of Zeno’s paradox and the non-measurable set based on both solutions.
PHYTOSYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM RUELLIA TUBEROSA (L.): EFFECT OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS
Authors: M HARIKA , P RADHIKA
Published: December 2021

Objective: The current study focused on synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Ruellia tuberosa aqueous tuber extract (RTTE) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution.
Methods: AgNPs were synthesized using an aqueous tuber extract of the medicinal herb R. tuberosa (L.). The existence of significant phytoconstituents involved in synthesizing the AgNPs was determined using the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) study. We evaluated the physical and chemical parameters such as the effect of time, temperature, metal ion concentration, crude aqueous tuber extract concentration, and pH in the synthesis of nanoparticles. The AgNPs were characterized using ultraviolet (UV)–Vis spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques.
Results: R. tuberosa tuber extract was rich in various phytochemical constituents which were identified by GC–MS. For biosynthesis, the optimal values were 1 mM AgNO3concentration, 0.1 mL of aqueous tuber extract, and a 40 min incubation temperature of 70°C. The existence of a characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 421 nm indicated the biosynthesis of AgNPs using UV–Vis spectroscopy. At higher temperatures and alkaline pH, the development of AgNPs increased overtime and remained stable up to 4 weeks. FESEM, EDX, HRTEM, SAED, and XRD analysis revealed that most AgNPs were spherical, with an average size distribution of 34.9 nm and a crystalline phase, face-centered cubic lattice. Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis revealed that hydroxyl and amino functional groups were involved in the biosynthesis and stabilization of AgNPs.
Conclusion: The synthesis of AgNPs from R. tuberosa aqueous tuber extract was a cost-effective process and environmental friendly.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE THIN LAYERCHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR CIPROFLOXACIN BY QUALITY BY DESIGN APPROACH
Authors: V TATHE SHRADDHA , P MAHAJAN MORESHWAR , G PINJARKAR RASHMI , M KASHID ARUN
Published: December 2021

Objective: The aim of this paper is to create a new, systematic high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for ciprofloxacin that is based on quality by design (QbD).
Methods: The mobile phase was chloroform: IPA: H2O: Formic Acid (2:7:0.5:0.5V/V), and the chromatographic separation was performed on aluminum-backed silica gel 60 F254 plates. Ciprofloxacin was detected using UV light at 278nm. In factor screening studies, a 3-factor 17-run standard 3-level factorial design was used, and a Box-Behnken design was used to optimize HPTLC experimental parameters for obtaining anticipated chromatographic conditions. The basic method parameters were tested to understand risk assessment. Three independent parameters, such as saturation time, band duration, and migration distance, were chosen and analyzed based on the risk assessment to see if these three parameters influenced the responses. For ciprofloxacin, the method produces a compact and well-resolved band at Rf = 0.40 0.02. In the linear regression analysis performed on ciprofloxacin, the regression coefficient was found to be r2 = 0.996.
Results: According to the International Council on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines, it was validated for validation parameters such as accuracy, precision, robustness, the limit of detection, and the limit of quantification. The proposed method for ciprofloxacin determination was found to be straightforward, precise, reliable, stable, and sensitive.
Conclusion: The QbD method produced a more robust method that can generate accurate, high-quality, and reliable data during the process, and it can be effectively used in the routine inspection of Ciprofloxacin in the tablets dosage form.
A COMPARISON OF POST-OPERATIVE ANALGESIA WITH INTRAOPERATIVE PECTORAL NERVE BLOCK VERSUS CONVENTIONAL TECHNIQUE IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING MODIFIED RADICAL MASTECTOMY: A PROSPECTIVE, RANDOMIZED, AND DOUBLE-BLINDED STUDY
Authors: GAUTAM ANKITA , KARAN DAISY , BANERJEE SWARNA , BISWAL PRERNA , MODA NUPUR
Published: December 2021

Objective: We administered intraoperative pectoral nerve block after tissue resection was over and assessed its analgesic efficacy with conventional post-operative intravenous opioids in patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy. Methods: Sixty patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy surgery were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, and doubleblinded study. After general anesthesia and surgical resection in both groups, Group P received pectoralis (PECS) block under vision with ropivacaine at two points: 20 ml in the fascia over serratus anterior and 10 ml in the fascia between pectoral major and minor at the level of the third rib and Group T received tramadol (75 mg) in thrice daily frequency and 2% lignocaine infiltration at suture site. Primary objectives were to assess visual analog scale (VAS) scores over 24 h, time to first request for rescue analgesia (ketorolac) and total dose of analgesics needed, and secondary outcome was adverse effects and patient satisfaction score. “Mann–Whitney U test” and “Chi-square/Fischer exact test” were used for quantitative and categorical variables, respectively. Results: The mean time to the first rescue analgesia was 1175±120.21 and 1175±77.35 min and total analgesia requirement was equal (30.00±0.00 mg) in Group P and Group T, respectively. The mean VAS score over 24 h was comparable in both the groups. PECS block group had significantly less adverse effects and better satisfaction score. Conclusion: PECS block has similar analgesic efficacy as opioids but with better ability to mobilize the respective arm, better patient satisfaction score, and lesser adverse effects.
A COMBINED ULTRASOUND AND CLINICAL SCORING MODEL FOR THE PREDICTION OF PERIPARTUM COMPLICATIONS IN PREGNANCIES COMPLICATED BY PLACENTA PREVIA
Authors: GOYAL SHREEJI , SHARMA SUJATA , SINGH ARVINDER , KAUR AMARJEET
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Patients with placenta previa are at an increased risk of uncontrolled hemorrhage. Various clinical and ultrasound parameters can predict the risk of bleeding in these patients. Hence, the objective of our study is to develop a combined ultrasound and clinical scoring model for the prediction of peripartum complications in pregnancies complicated by placenta previa.
Methods: Fifty singleton pregnant women with placenta previa who underwent cesarean delivery in our hospital were included in the study. We collected clinical and ultrasound data prospectively, and the score was given to each parameter, and total score correlated with the occurrence of peripartum complications. Clinical parameters included age, parity, history of dilatation and evacuation, previous cesarean delivery, history of placenta previa, antepartum hemorrhage, and ultrasound parameters included type of previa, no. of lacunae in placenta, uteroplacental hypervascularity. The peripartum complications noted were the need for blood transfusion, uterine artery ligation, and cesarean hysterectomy.
Results: According to the composite scoring done, uterine artery ligation was needed in more than 50% of patients at a score of 9–10. It increased to 100% as the score increased to ≥11. At a score of ≥12, hysterectomy was needed in around 75% of patients, and 100% of patients needed a blood transfusion. Univariate analysis using the Pearson Chi-square test was also done to know whether individual parameters and peripartum complications were significantly related that is p<0.05 with one another.
Conclusion: The scoring system may serve to predict peripartum complications in pregnancies complicated by placenta previa.