bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of the Improvement of Calf Strength on Barefoot Loading
Authors: Cen Xuan Zhen , Liang Zhi Qiang , Gao Zi Xiang , Lian Wen Lan , Wang Zhang Ming
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine whether enhancement of calf muscular strength can produce influence on plantar pressure in barefoot running. Ten healthy male subjects (age:22±2.5 years, height: 1.76±0.4m, body mass: 65±2.5kg) participate this experiment enduring 8-week strength training adopting by calf raise movement on calf muscle. A medical ultrasonic instrument (Q6, China) was used to observe the variation of calf muscular morphology. A plantar pressure plate ( Novel Emed, Germany) was used to collect the variation of 8-region plantar pressure. After 8-week strength training, a significant increasing trend between pre-and post-strength training in subject`s pinnation angle (PA) of the gastrocnemius was found. Under strength training, there are some significant variations between pre-and post-plantar pressure. The start point of center of pressure (COP) gradually forward (middle foot 80%, forefoot 20%); the peak pressure of subject`s heel foot (HF) significantly lower; the maximal force in second-third metatarsal (M 2-3), medial foot (MF) and HF significantly decrease; the contact area in other toe (OT) significantly increase as well as MF and HF significantly decrease; the time-force integral in M2-3 and HF significantly lower and in MF significantly enhance. These results suggest, the enhancement of calf muscular strength may produce positively influence on beginning transitional process from shod running to barefoot running and is also worth to as a feasible way to recommend. However, the effects of strength straining on plantar pressure do not fully explore and still need to deeply explore own to existing limitations.
Fiber-Optic Breath Sensors: A Comparison Study
Authors: Nedoma Jan , Fajkus Marcel , Martinek Radek
Published: February 2019

The paper presents a comparative study of three fiber optic sensors based on the fiber Bragg grating (FBG). The basic monitored parameter is the respiratory rate of the human body. Fiber-optic sensors are immune to electromagnetic interference (EMI). This fact singles them out as ideal for use in magnetic resonance environments (typically in MRI - magnetic resonance imaging) as a prediction of hyperventilation states in patients. These patient conditions arise as a result of the closed tunnel environment in MR scanners. The results (10 volunteers with written consent) were compared with the results using the conventional respiratory belt (RB) in a laboratory environment and processed using the objective Bland-Altman (B-A) method.
Methods of Power Line Interference Elimination in EMG Signal
Authors: Ladrova Martina , Martinek Radek , Nedoma Jan , Fajkus Marcel
Published: February 2019

Electromyogram (EMG) recordings are often corrupted by the wide range of artifacts, which one of them is power line interference (PLI). The study focuses on some of the well-known signal processing approaches used to eliminate or attenuate PLI from EMG signal. The results are compared using signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman analysis for each tested method: notch filter, adaptive noise canceller (ANC) and wavelet transform (WT). Thus, the power of the remaining noise and shape of the output signal are analysed. The results show that the ANC method gives the best output SNR and lowest shape distortion compared to the other methods.
The Protein Phosphatase Shp1 Regulates Invariant NKT Cell Effector Differentiation Independently of TCR and Slam Signaling
Authors: Cruz Tleugabulova Mayra , Zhao Meng , Lau Irene , Kuypers Meggie , Wirianto Clarissa , Umaña Juan Mauricio , Lin Qiaochu , Kronenberg Mitchell , Mallevaey Thierry
Published: February 2019

Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are innate lipid-reactive T cells that develop and differentiate in the thymus into iNKT1/2/17 subsets, akin to TH1/2/17 conventional CD4 T cell subsets. The factors driving the central priming of iNKT cells remain obscure, although strong/prolonged TCR signals appear to favor iNKT2 cell development. The Src homology 2 domain–containing phosphatase 1 (Shp1) is a protein tyrosine phosphatase that has been identified as a negative regulator of TCR signaling. In this study, we found that mice with a T cell–specific deletion of Shp1 had normal iNKT cell numbers and peripheral distribution. However, iNKT cell differentiation was biased toward the iNKT2/17 subsets in the thymus but not in peripheral tissues. Shp1-deficient iNKT cells were also functionally biased toward the production of TH2 cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-13. Surprisingly, we found no evidence that Shp1 regulates the TCR and Slamf6 signaling cascades, which have been suggested to promote iNKT2 differentiation. Rather, Shp1 dampened iNKT cell proliferation in response to IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15 but not following TCR engagement. Our findings suggest that Shp1 controls iNKT cell effector differentiation independently of positive selection through the modulation of cytokine responsiveness.
The clinical environment: A facilitator of professional socialisation
Authors: De Swardt Hester C.
Published: February 2019

Background: Competencies of health care workers, including nurses, often do not meet the health needs of populations. The clinical learning environment (CLE) is vital in socialising neophyte student nurses to display the desired competencies. Student nurses are however confronted with challenges, especially in the CLE, during this process.Aim: This article shares three validated guidelines to support professional nurses and nurse educators in facilitating appropriate professional socialisation of student nurses in the CLE.Setting: The study was conducted in an 832-bed academic hospital and nine nursing education institutions (NEIs) that offered the nursing programme concerned in a province in South Africa.Method: A sequential, exploratory, mixed-methods study was conducted and qualitative data were collected from two purposive samples, consisting of seven focus group interviews and field notes. Five themes that emerged from the integrated data guided the instrument design to collect data quantitatively from 277 educators. Experts validated 10 guidelines to a set of criteria, which was developed combining all data.Results: Qualitative and quantitative research evidenced that the CLE mostly did not support student nurses during professional socialisation. A few role models’ behaviour was noteworthy, while student supervision was inadequate. The CLE was stressful, lacked in resources, marked by uncoordinated student placement, insufficient communication and inadequate preparation of student nurses. This evidence informed the development of the guidelines.Conclusions: The guidelines were (1) the empowerment of role models through reflective practice, (2) capacity building of professional nurses and nurse educators as clinical supervisors by means of intervention strategies and (3) adopting a multifaceted approach in the creation of a positive CLE. These guidelines could facilitate appropriate professional socialisation of student nurses.
Giant lumbar dumbbell extradural schwannoma in a child
Authors: Agrawal Amit , Reddy Venati , Santhi Vissa , Sandeep Yashawant
Published: February 2019

Completely giant lumbar extradural spinal Schwannomas are a rare subgroup of spinal nerve sheath tumors in the pediatric age group. Single stage, single approach, complete, and safe surgical removal while preserving the spinal stability is the mainstay of treatment of giant lumbar extradural Schwannomas. In the present case, we report a case of a 9-year-old male child studying in 2nd standard presented with pain in both thighs and legs for 3 months. Magnetic resonance imaging lumbosacral spine showed lobulated dumbbell-shaped lesion extending from L4 superior endplate to inferior endplate of L5 in intraspinal space displacing the nerve roots. The patient underwent a posterior midline approach, L4 and L5 laminectomy and complete excision of the tumor. Histopathological confirmed the diagnosis of benign extradural dumbbell Schwannoma. Postoperatively, the child was showing gradual improvement in motor power, but his pain was significantly relieved.
Compound elevated skull fracture presented as a new variety of fracture with inimitable entity: Single institution experience of 10 cases
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Kankane Vivek , Jaiswal Gaurav , Kumar Pavan , Gupta Tarun
Published: February 2019

Background: Compound elevated Skull fracture (CESF) is a rare variety of fracture with rare presentation in comparison to other type of skull fracture. The mechanical force being applied is tangential causing high impact over skull as comparison to structure underlying the cranium. Objective: Aims of this study are bring attentiveness and management to deal this rare type of fracture and its outcomes. Materials and Methods: In this study, we demonstrated 10 cases of CESF in adult patients from January 2014 to January 2018 in the Department of Neurosurgery at RNT Medical College and M. B. Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India. Recorded documents were prospectively studied for age of distribution, sex, mode of injury, mechanism of injury, clinical profile, radiological investigations, neurosurgical management, and outcome asses by Glasgow outcome scale. Results: Totally 10 patients had CESF. Six are males and four are females. Male to female ratio was 3:2. Their age range was 20–45 years. The most common mode of injury was Road traffic accident in 60%. Wound exploration, cleaning, debridement, and reduction of fracture segment was done in eight cases, frontal bone craniotomy with evacuation of pneumocephalus done one case, frontal bone craniotomy, and extradural hematoma evacuation was done in one case. The postoperative course was uneventful, and outcome was good (GOS 5) in 8 (80%) cases. Conclusion: In compound elevated fracture, early recognition and immediate surgical intervention should be done to avoid related morbidity and mortality. Any delay in surgery may lead to a high possibility of wound infection and poor outcome.
Small aneurysms should be clipped?
Authors: Noleto Gustavo , Rabelo Nícollas , Abaurre Leonardo , Neto Hugo , Siqueira Mario , Teixeira Manoel , Figueiredo Eberval
Published: February 2019

Background: Cerebral aneurysm prevalence may vary from 0.4% to 10%. The decision to treat or not incidental aneurysms remains controversial, especially when the lesions are small (<5 mm). Many recent publications are demonstrating that these lesions often bleed. Methods: We reviewed admitted patients with angiographic studies submitted to intracranial aneurysm surgical treatment from April 2012 to July 2013 in the Neurosurgery Department of São Paulo Medical School University (15 months), to define the rate and risk of bleeding. In addition, we proceeded literature review with collected 357 papers (past 5 years) which were selected 50 that were focused on our research. Clinical patients' status at the time of discharge was evaluated with the modified Rankin scale. Results: A series of 118 cases of surgically clipped aneurysms was analyzed: 73.7% woman; Ruptured (61 cases, 51%); middle cerebral artery (51 cases, 43%) was the more common aneurysm. Small size (<5 mm) was 25 cases (21%); that 2 died (16%), 3 (25%) with severe disability,restricted to bed and dependent on nursing care; blood pressure was the main risk factors (56%); and an aneurysm <2 mm (100%) was ruptured. Conclusion: The number of small aneurysms in our series was significant (25 cases, 21%), and its rate of bleeding was high (25 cases, 48%), resulting in death and disability in a significant number of cases. Our tendency is for surgical treatment when it is associated with risk factors.
Primary intracranial squamous cell carcinoma arising in dermoid cyst
Authors: Shaikh Muhammad , Sharif Salman , Rafay Muhammad
Published: February 2019

Primary intracranial squamous cell carcinoma represents a rare entity. However, few cases have been reported in the literature so far. We report the case of a 32-year-old male who presented with a history of severe headache and vertigo for 3 weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging brain with contrast was done that showed a lesion measuring 5 cm × 4.8 cm in the left cerebellum near the midline which was hyperintense on T2 and hypointense on T1. It also showed ring-like heterogeneous contrast enhancement causing midline shift as well as pressure over the brainstem causing severe obstructive hydrocephalus. After emergency ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement, the patient subsequently underwent left paramedian suboccipital craniotomy and excision of space-occupying lesion. Intraoperatively, a well-demarcated capsule was identified. The entire lesion consisting of areas of calcification and hair particles was removed except the part of capsule which was adherent to the brainstem. Histopathology of the lesion showed infiltrating malignant neoplasm exhibiting papillary architecture with thick fibrovascular cores lined by stratified squamous cells. In order to rule out the possibility of metastases, systemic workup was done which yielded negative results.
Trends in primary brain tumors: A 5-year retrospective histologically confirmed study in Tabriz, Iran, 2011–2016
Authors: Salehpour Firooz , Mirzaei Farhad , Meshkini Ali , Parsay Sina , Salehi Sana , Asl Mohammad
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Tumors are the second-most common cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. Due to the high prevalence and mortality rate, brain tumors are of great importance and makeup about 5% of all tumors. Different types of brain tumors have their special pattern based on age, sex, complaints on admission, radiological signs and sometimes, their family history and seem these patterns are changing according to the geographic region over time. In this study, we evaluate the incidence of brain tumors in the northwest of Iran. Materials and Methods: All patients with brain tumor diagnosis that were hospitalized between April 2011 and March 2016 evaluated. Exclusion criteria were considered as secondary tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) (metastases) and duplicate records for the recurrent disease of the same patient. Data collected from their documents and analyzed with SPSS version 16. Results: In the present study, male to female (M: F) ratio is 1:1. 92.5% of tumors are primary in which meningiomas (22%) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) (19.6%) are the most common types. The rarest tumor types are neurocytoma (0.3%) and chondroid chordoma (0.3%). GBM is the most common tumor in the male population and meningiomas are most common in females. Medulloblastoma and meningioma with a median age of 11 and 58 years, respectively, were known as the most common primary CNS malignancy of the youngest and oldest age of study group. Conclusion: The obtained data from this study revealed that age and sex are associated with the tumor types, which is consistent with the previous results. Brain tumors involvement pattern is changing in male patients somehow there is a tendency of involving more aggressive and malignant tumor types in male individuals could be seen.
Surgical management of unruptured cerebral aneurysms in the elderly: An institution experience
Authors: Cheikh Abderrahmane , Kasinathan Sudhakar , Yasuhiro Yamada , Kawase Tsukasa , Kato Yoko
Published: February 2019

Background and Purpose: The elderly population is increasing in the world, especially in developed countries. The gain in life expectancy is remarkable in Japan, consequently incidence of aneurysms increases in this population. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the surgical treatment and outcome of patients aged more than 75 years treated for unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study for unruptured cerebral aneurysms operated between September 2014 and August 31, 2018, in Fujita Health University, Banbuntane Hotokukai Hospital, for people aged more than 75 years. A demographic study was done. We also studied aneurysm location, aneurysm size, outcome, duration of stay, and complications. Results: About 61 patients aged more than 75 years were operated in 4 years, comprising 12 males and 45 females. The mean age was 79.32 ± 3.29 years. Mean size of the aneurysm was 6.22 ± 3.28. Aneurysm location (P = 0.0037), associated risk factors (P = 0.006), and association of hypertension and diabetes (P = 0.0362) influence outcome. Length of stay is directly correlated with outcome (P = 0.009). Conclusions: Elder patients with hypertension and diabetes or associated risk factors having a posterior circulation aneurysm have a poor diagnosis.
De novo aneurysm formation on internal carotid artery at origin of thick posterior communicating artery: 7 years after transient occlusion of contralateral internal carotid artery
Authors: Takeda Masato , Shirokane Kazutaka , Baba Eiichi , Tsuchiya Atsushi , Nomura Motohiro
Published: February 2019

The incidence of de novo intracranial aneurysm formation has been reported to be 0.84% per year. It is rare for de novo aneurysm formation to be observed on serial radiological examinations. A 64-year-old male with a history of right internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion 7 years ago had subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to a ruptured left ICA aneurysm at the bifurcation of the posterior communicating artery (PComA). At the time of ICA occlusion, the left PComA was thick, about 3.0 mm in diameter, and no aneurysm was detected on radiological examinations. Thirty-eight months later, a small aneurysm was detected on the left ICA on magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). At the onset of SAH, the aneurysm was larger than that observed on the previous MRA. Left frontotemporal craniotomy was performed, and the aneurysm was clipped. A thick PComA might contribute to the development of an aneurysm at its origin due to hemodynamic stress. Persistent hemodynamic stress may cause enlargement of an aneurysm in 4 years and its subsequent rupture. In patient with a thick PComA, close observation is necessary to screen for de novo formation of a cerebral aneurysm.
The role of combined posterior and anterolateral retroperitoneal approach in the treatment of posttraumatic burst lumbar fractures
Authors: Shamhoot Ebrahim , Elkholy Ahmed
Published: February 2019

Context: Combined posterior and anterolateral retroperitoneal approach is very important for the treatment of unstable burst lumber fractures with retropulsed fragments. Aims: The aim of the study is to evaluate the role of combined posterior and anterolateral retroperitoneal approach in the treatment of unstable burst lumber fractures. Settings and Design: This is a retrospective clinical case series study. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on 41 patients with unstable lumber burst fractures with retropulsed fragment. Frankel scale score and Denis pain score were used to evaluate the functional outcome. All patients were surgically treated using combined posterior and anterolateral retroperitoneal approach. They were followed for 1 year postoperatively. Statistical Analysis: Using SPSS version 21, data were presented as mean ± standard deviation, and percentage and paired sample and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used for data analysis. Results: the functional state of all patients improved after surgery. According to the Frankel and Denis pain scores, there was a significant improvement in patients' scores postoperatively compared to preoperative ones (P = 0.001). Visceral manifestations were present in 16 cases (36.6%) with complete improvement postoperatively except two cases. There is a significant improvement as regards pre- and postoperative regional kyphotic angle (9.12 ± 10.03) and vertebral body height (3.14 ± 0.37). Unintended durotomy occurred in six cases treated by stitching using absorbable sutures and fat graft. Wound infection was present in two cases treated by antibiotics and daily dressing. A solid fusion was achieved in all cases. Conclusions: Combined posterior and anterolateral retroperitoneal approach is feasible and effective in surgical exposure and treatment of unstable burst lumber fractures with retropulsed fragments.
Outcome analysis of posterolateral decompression and spinal stabilization for tuberculous spine
Authors: Musali Siddartha , Gollapudi Prakash , Manne Srikrishnaaditya , Butkuri Nagarjuna , Kumar Thatikonda , Kotha Vamshi
Published: February 2019

Aim: This is a prospective study to analyze the clinical, radiological, and functional outcomes of posterolateral decompression and spinal stabilization with pedicle screws and rods done for the thoracolumbar tuberculous spine. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at Gandhi Medical College and Hospital from September 2016 to September 2017 on 30 patients who underwent posterolateral decompression and spinal stabilization using pedicle screw and rod fixation for active spinal tuberculosis. Pain, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), kyphotic angle correction, and Frankel's grading were taken to study the clinical, radiological, and functional outcome at the end of 1 year. Other parameters taken into consideration were the duration of stay and level of involvement; antituberculous therapy was given to all the patients for 16–18 months until the signs of radiological healing were evident. Results: This study comprised of 30 patients with a mean age of presentation of 39.835 ± 14.75 and M: F ratio of 1:1. The mean duration of stay is 10.67 ± 4.06, and the most common level of involvement is D6–D11. Kyphotic angle was corrected by a mean of 19.08 ± 5.44 at the end of 1 year (P < 0.001). Visual analog score improved from a median of 8 preoperatively to 2 at follow-up (P < 0.001). ESR improved from a mean of 37.08 ± 12.64 mm/h preoperatively to 19.83 ± 13.68 mm/h at follow-up (P = 0.01). There was an improvement in Frankel's grading in most of the patients at the end of 12 months. Radiological healing was evident in the form of the reappearance of trabeculae formation and bony fusion at the end of 12 months. Conclusion: Posterolateral approach is a good method for decompression and spinal stabilization because of significant kyphotic correction, improvement in pain, good neurological recovery, less duration of stay, and less morbidity.
Intraparenchymal pericatheter cyst after cerebrospinal fluid shunt: A rare complication with challenging diagnosis – Case presentation and review of the literature
Authors: Karydakis Ploutarchos , Nikas Ioannis , Panagopoulos Dimitrios , Filippidou Maria , Sfakianos George , Themistocleous Marios
Published: February 2019

An intraparenchymal pericatheter cyst is a rare complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt, which is not well described yet. Due to its rarity, lack of characteristic symptoms and radiological features that often mimic brain tumors or abscesses, especially in head computed tomography without contrast can be easily misdiagnosed. We report the case of a 9-year-old girl who was admitted to a peripheral hospital due to severe headaches and vomiting. The child had a history of craniotomy and ventriculoperitoneal shunt for posterior fossa tumor, performed in our department, 4 years earlier. The patient underwent a brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan and transmitted to our hospital with the diagnosis of brain tumor. However, a closer look at the MRI established the diagnosis of intraparenchymal pericatheter cerebrospinal fluid cyst; hence, the patient underwent shunt revision and cyst drainage. We researched the literature and described 20 reported cases, discussing the pathophysiological mechanisms, the radiological features, and the optimal treatment of this interesting, yet a challenging complication.
Good outcome in a patient with massive pontine hemorrhage
Authors: Sripontan Somkrit
Published: February 2019

Massive pontine hemorrhage with comatose condition has a poor prognosis and bad outcome despite adequate surgical treatment. However, this case report gives a different result. Providing adequate prophylactic treatment to prevent secondary brain injury resulted in a very good recovery at the 6-month follow-up. A 42-year-old man with a history of heavy smoking and poorly controlled blood pressure (BP) developed acute loss of consciousness. He was then brought to the emergency room (ER) in 30 min. At the ER, his Glasgow coma scale score was E1M2V1 and the BP was high. An emergency computed tomography (CT) scan of the brain showed massive hematoma in the pons with intraventricular extension. He was admitted to the intensive care unit with close monitoring of both vital signs and neurosigns. External ventricular drainage was inserted to control intracranial pressure and then removed in only 5 days after adequate control. The patient returned to a good recovery status in 6 months with a modified Rankin scale score of 2 and the CT brain scan showed a small cavity-like lesion at the hemorrhage area. Massive hemorrhage and low consciousness may not truly indicate a poor prognosis in patients with pontine hematoma. Medical and surgical treatments are still needed to control intracranial pressure for prophylaxis of secondary brain injury. Restoration of neuronal functions was achieved after resolution of the hematoma.
Subaxial cervical spine injuries: Outcomes after anterior corpectomy and instrumentation
Authors: Madan Ankit , Thakur Manoj , Sud Sachin , Jain Vaibhav , Singh Thakur Rudra , Negi Virender
Published: February 2019

Study Design: This is prospective study. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the functional, neurological, and radiological outcomes of the patients of subaxial cervical spine injuries treated by anterior corpectomy and stabilization with anterior cervical locking plate and cage filled with bone. Overview of the Literature: The principles in the treatment of unstable cervical spine injuries are reduction and stabilization of the injured segment, maintenance of cervical lordosis and decompression where indicated and ranges from nonoperative to combined anterior and posterior surgical fusion. There is, however, debate on the indications for anterior, posterior, or combined surgery. Materials and Methods: The present study of 99 patients includes prospective patients of subaxial cervical spine injuries between February 2014 and February 2016 admitted and operated to Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla. Bony fusion, neurological recovery, Neck Disability Index and complication were studied in all patients. The mean follow-up period was 27 months (range 12–42 months). Results: Of the 99 procedures, 77 (77.8%) involved a single vertebral level, 19 (19.2%) involved two levels, and 3 (3%) involved three levels corpectomy. The mean Neck Disability Index was 7.57 ± 5.42. Definitive Bridwell Grade 1 fusion was seen in 64.6% of the cases. No deterioration of neurological symptoms was seen. Dysphagia was the most common complication in 79 (79.8%) patients. One patient had minimal screw back out. Conclusions: Anterior cervical corpectomy and stabilization with cage filled with bone and cervical reflex locking plate are good method for subaxial cervical spine injuries with good fusion rates and probably procedure of choice for posttraumatic multiple disc prolapse with reduced hazards of multiple grafts.
Phenytoin toxicity manifesting as acute psychosis: An uncommon side effect of a common drug
Authors: Agrawal Mohit , Borkar Sachin , Kale Shashank
Published: February 2019

Antiepileptic drug-induced psychotic disorder represents an iatrogenic, adverse drug reaction. Phenytoin has rarely been shown to be a causative agent of acute psychosis in patients. We present such a rare case of short term use of phenytoin causing toxicity manifesting as acute psychosis and complete recovery following phenytoin withdrawal.
Adaptation of domestic effluent for agricultural reuse by biological, physical treatment and disinfection by ultraviolet radiation
Authors: Oliveira Andressa De Almeida Soares , Bastos Reinaldo Gaspar , Souza Claudinei Fonseca
Published: February 2019

Domestic effluent reuse is an alternative for irrigated agriculture in situations of reduced water availability. However, as there is the presence of pathogens in wastewater, the disinfection process is necessary before use. This research evaluated the sanitary and agricultural viability of treated wastewater at a pilot-scale station composed of a septic tank, Wetlands and an ultraviolet radiation (UV) disinfection system. The Sewage Treatment Station (STS) is installed in the Agricultural Sciences Center, UFSCar, in Araras city, SP, and receives 2000 L of sewage daily, which was monitored in terms of pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), magnesium (Mg), total organic carbon (TOC), total coliforms (TC), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR).The removal efficiency of the parameters was calculated based on the input and output means of each treatment unit. Results indicated removal efficiency for K (68.2%), TN (54.1%) and TP (36.1%). The levels of Na (26.7%) and Ca (22.9%) demonstrated the contribution of these salts to the wastewater; however, SAR did not present any risks for soil sodification. Microbiologically, the STS presented removal efficiency of 4 and 5 log-cycles for TC and E. coli, respectively. Therefore, results of monitoring indicate that the treated wastewater presents sanitary and agricultural viability, and conforms with the current legislation.
Homogeneous Einstein Manifolds with Vanishing Curvature
Authors: Huang Libing , Shen Zhongmin
Published: February 2019

Infinitely many new Einstein Finsler metrics are constructed on several homogeneous spaces. By imposing certain conditions on the homogeneous spaces, it is shown that the Ricci constant condition becomes an ordinary differential equation. The regular solutions of this equation lead to a two parameter family of Einstein Finsler metrics with vanishing $S$ curvature.
Violência obstétrica contra a gestante com deficiência
Authors: De Miranda Valverde Terra Aline , Matos Ana Carla Harmatiuk
Published: February 2019

O artigo tem como escopo pugnar, com base em revisão bibliográfica e análise legislativa, pela autodeterminação dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos para todas as mulheres. Tal autonomia deve englobar inclusive do “plano de parto”, numa concepção humanizada. Dedica-se de modo especial a defesa desse direito para as pessoas com deficiência física, psíquica ou intelectual, na esteira do que determina a Convenção da ONU sobre os Direitos da Pessoa com Deficiência, incorporada ao ordenamento brasileiro com status de emenda constitucional, bem como o Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência.
Service-learning in the Philippines: The University of Santo Thomas’ National Service Training Program
Authors: Anorico Heiden C
Published: February 2019

Service-learning in the educational sector has shown increased impact on student lifelong learning and institutional commitment to the community over the past decade. Universities in the Philippines provide various service-learning programs for their partner communities, to address students’ understanding of real-life community needs. However, there has been little study on students’ service-learning in geriatric institutions. This article first discusses higher education in the Philippines, noting the impact of the National Service Training Program on institutions’ programs. It then describes how one university, the University of Santo Tomas, has responded to this policy framework with the development of community programs that also meet its goals for social transformation. One particular program is examined – a service-learning program involving college students and a geriatric institution in Manila. Early qualitative feedback provides an understanding of college students’ perceptions of the elderly and the service-learning implemented by the university. It also offers a strong foundation for continuing to improve the current service-learning program. From this study an 8-loop model has been developed for future evaluations of the service-learning program in this geriatric institution.

Keywordsservice-learning, elderly, geriatric institution, Philippines higher education
Impact of particle number and mass size distributions of major chemical components on particle mass scattering efficiency in urban Guangzhou of South China
Authors: Tao Jun , Zhang Zhisheng , Wu Yunfei , Zhang Leiming , Wu Zhijun , Cheng Peng , Li Mei , Chen Laiguo , Zhang Renjian , Cao Junji
Published: February 2019

Abstract. To grasp the key factors affecting particle mass scattering efficiency (MSE), particle mass and number size distribution, bulk PM2.5 and PM10 and their major chemical compositions, and particle scattering coefficient (bsp) under dry condition were measured at an urban site in Guangzhou, south China during 2015–2016. On annual average, 10 ± 2 %, 48 ± 7 % and 42 ± 8 % of PM10 mass were in the condensation, droplet and coarse modes, with mass median aerodynamic diameters (MMADs) of 0.21 ± 0.00, 0.78 ± 0.07 and 4.57 ± 0.42 μm, respectively. The identified chemical species mass concentrations can explain 79 ± 3 %, 82 ± 6 % and 57 ± 6 % of the total particle mass in the condensation, droplet and coarse mode, respectively. Organic matter (OM) and elemental carbon (EC) in the condensation mode, OM, (NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3 and crustal element oxides in the droplet mode, and crustal element oxides, OM and CaSO4 in the coarse mode were the dominant chemical species in their respective modes. The measured bsp can be reconstructed to the level of 91 ± 10 % using Mie theory with input of the estimated chemically-resolved number concentrations of NaCl, NaNO3, Na2SO4, NH4NO3, (NH4)2SO4, K2SO4, CaSO4, Ca(NO3)2, OM, EC, crustal element oxides and unidentified fraction. MSEs of bulk particle and individual chemical species were underestimated by less than 13 % in any season based on the estimated bsp and chemical species mass concentrations. Seasonal average MSEs varied in a small range of 3.5 ± 0.1 to 3.9 ± 0.2 m2 g−1 for fine particles, which was mainly caused by seasonal variations of the mass fractions and MSEs of OM in the droplet mode.
A 16-year record (2002–2017) of permafrost, active-layer, and meteorological conditions at the Samoylov Island Arctic permafrost research site, Lena River delta, northern Siberia: an opportunity to validate remote-sensing data and land surface, snow, and permafrost models
Authors: Boike Julia , Nitzbon Jan , Anders Katharina , Grigoriev Mikhail , Bolshiyanov Dmitry , Langer Moritz , Lange Stephan , Bornemann Niko , Morgenstern Anne , Schreiber Peter , Wille Christian , Chadburn Sarah , Gouttevin Isabelle , Burke Eleanor , Kutzbach Lars
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Most of the world's permafrost is located in the
Arctic, where its frozen organic carbon content makes it a potentially
important influence on the global climate system. The Arctic climate appears
to be changing more rapidly than the lower latitudes, but observational data
density in the region is low. Permafrost thaw and carbon release into the
atmosphere, as well as snow cover changes, are positive feedback mechanisms
that have the potential for climate warming. It is therefore particularly
important to understand the links between the energy balance, which can vary
rapidly over hourly to annual timescales, and permafrost conditions, which
changes slowly on decadal to centennial timescales. This requires long-term
observational data such as that available from the Samoylov research site in
northern Siberia, where meteorological parameters, energy balance, and
subsurface observations have been recorded since 1998. This paper presents
the temporal data set produced between 2002 and 2017, explaining the
instrumentation, calibration, processing, and data quality control.
Furthermore, we present a merged data set of the parameters, which were
measured from 1998 onwards. Additional data include a high-resolution digital
terrain model (DTM) obtained from terrestrial lidar laser scanning. Since the
data provide observations of temporally variable parameters that influence
energy fluxes between permafrost, active-layer soils, and the atmosphere
(such as snow depth and soil moisture content), they are suitable for
calibrating and quantifying the dynamics of permafrost as a component in
earth system models. The data also include soil properties beneath different
microtopographic features (a polygon centre, a rim, a slope, and a trough),
yielding much-needed information on landscape heterogeneity for use in land
surface modelling. For the record from 1998 to 2017, the average mean annual air temperature
was −12.3 ∘C, with mean monthly temperature of the warmest month
(July) recorded as 9.5 ∘C and for the coldest month (February)
−32.7 ∘C. The average annual rainfall was 169 mm. The depth of
zero annual amplitude is at 20.75 m. At this depth, the temperature has
increased from −9.1 ∘C in 2006 to −7.7 ∘C in 2017. The presented data are freely available through the PANGAEA
(https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.891142) and Zenodo
(https://zenodo.org/record/2223709, last access: 6 February 2019) websites.
On the discretization of the ice thickness distribution
in the NEMO3.6-LIM3 global ocean–sea ice model
Authors: Massonnet François , Barthélemy Antoine , Worou Koffi , Fichefet Thierry , Vancoppenolle Martin , Rousset Clément , Moreno-Chamarro Eduardo
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The Ice Thickness Distribution (ITD) is one of the core constituents of modern sea ice models. The ITD accounts for the unresolved spatial variability of sea ice thickness within each model grid cell. While there is a general consensus on the added physical realism brought by the ITD, how to implement it remains an open question. Here, we use the ocean--sea ice general circulation model NEMO3.6-LIM3 forced by atmospheric reanalyses to test how the ITD discretization (number of ice thickness categories, positions of the category boundaries) impacts the simulated mean Arctic and Antarctic sea ice states. We find that winter ice volumes in both hemispheres increase with the number of categories, and attribute that increase to a net enhancement of basal ice growth rates. The range of simulated mean winter volumes in the various experiments amounts to ~ 30 % and ~ 10 % of the reference values (run with 5 categories) in the Arctic and Antarctic, respectively. This suggests that the way the ITD is discretized has a significant influence on the model mean state, all other things being equal. We also find that the existence of a thick category with lower bounds at ~ 4 m and ~ 2 m for the Arctic and Antarctic, respectively, is a prerequisite for allowing the storage of deformed ice, and therefore for fostering thermodynamic growth in thinner categories. Our analysis finally suggests that increasing the resolution of the ITD without changing the lower limit of the upper category results in small but not negligible variations of ice volume and extent. Our study proposes for the first time a bi-polar process-based explanation of the origin of mean state changes when the ITD discretization is modified. The sensitivity experiments conducted in this study, based on one model, emphasize that the choice of category positions, especially of thickest categories, has a primary influence on the simulated mean sea ice states while the number of categories and resolution have only a secondary influence.
Western Faculty Profile: Dr. Murray Junop
Authors: Liu Violet
Published: February 2019

Dr. Murray Junop is an Associate Professor and the Associate Undergraduate Chair in the Biochemistry Department at Western University. His primary research focuses on using x-ray crystallography to determine macromolecular structures crucial for the repair of various types of DNA damage. Ultimately, understanding the structures of these DNA repair proteins not only sheds insight into their function and molecular mechanism, but also provides necessary information for developing new anticancer therapies. Dr. Junop teaches undergraduate and graduate level courses offered in the department of Biochemistry. Violet Liu, a Reviewer on the Editorial Review Board at WURJ-HNS, had the pleasure of interviewing Dr. Junop to learn more about his career in research and his advice to students.
ACOMPANHAMENTO FARMACOTERAPÊUTICO EM UNIDADE DE INTERNAÇÃO PÓS-TRANSPLANTE: DESCRIÇÃO E ANÁLISE.
Authors: Oliveira Francisco Roberto Pereira de , Magalhães Vanessa Pinto , Cavalcante Rafaela Michele De Andrade , Martins Bruna Cristina Cardoso , Guedes Marjorie Moreira , Fonteles Marta Maria De França , Da Silva Lisandra Juvêncio
Published: February 2019

Objetivou-se descrever e analisar o acompanhamento farmacoterapeutico (AFT) dos pacientes transplantados em um hospital universitário do Ceará. Foram analisados os AFT dos pacientes transplantados e os registros do serviço de farmácia clínica, onde foi observado que o AFT do paciente transplantado era composto pelo monitoramento das terapias imunossupressoras, profilaxias, tratamento de comorbidades e acompanhamento de exames laboratoriais. Em 170 AFT, foram detectados 581 problemas relacionados a medicamentos (PRM) e realizadas 581 intervenções farmacêuticas (IF), obtendo como os principais desfechos clínicos após a realização das IF, a prevenção do problema de saúde em 76,8% dos casos e em 13,1% dos casos os pacientes melhoraram do problema de saúde. O AFT do paciente transplantado permite detectar PRM, realizar as IF, minimizar o risco e/ou a ocorrência dos resultados negativos relacionados à medicamentos e a avaliar os desfechos clínicos, sendo ferramenta útil para promoção da segurança do paciente transplantado.
Performance Evaluation of SRI Funds: An Analysis of Fund Types
Authors: Kiymaz Halil
Published: February 2019

Socially responsible investing (SRI) continues to get the attention of both practitioners and academicians as the demands for these funds increased sharply during the last decade. This study provides additional evidence on performances of SRI in mutual funds. The empirical findings show that although SRI funds experience lower average returns relative to the non-SRI control sample and various benchmarks, they provide higher returns relative to the control group and benchmarks using various risk adjusted measures. Among the subgroups analyzed, SRI Fixed Income funds offer the highest risk adjusted returns to investors while SRI Global funds provide the lowest returns. Finally, using Jensen’s alpha for individual funds, we find that about half of the funds experience negative alphas and 20 percent of SRI funds have statistically significant negative alphas compared to 7 percent of funds with that of positive alphas. Overall, the findings show mixed results concerning SRIs performance.
Classroom Observation as a Tool for Professional Development
Authors: Siddiqua Aisha
Published: February 2019

The study indicates that classroom observation is potentially a useful tool for teachers’ professional development and works best when the personal capacity of a teacher, an observer, and school provide a base for the effective use and outcome for teachers.A brief summary of major findings and lessons learnt from the project, process, learning of teachers and my own learning is presented as follows;i) Teachers found the pre and post-observation sessions very useful for their professional development. These sessions also help the observer to understand the roots of the teacher's classroom problems.ii) Cyclical observations provide the courage and intellectual capacity to the teachers to turn their focus upon improved actions and they also developed their professional skills.iii) Teachers perceived my role as a helper, facilitator and a resource person who could provide suggestions and alternatives, where needed. I feel the need to further explore, how reflective conversations between a teacher and an observer affect individual teacher's attitudes and behaviour. This will highlight what needs to be done further to improve individual competencies. However, I feel that a co-teaching experience can also provide a valuable basis for collaborative inquiry. It might raise a range of interesting issues and questions for using reflective conversation in planning, teaching, and improving this strategy.
Providing 4P's in Extraordinary Management Services in Whatever Weather Condition
Authors: Kwan Ming , Kong Anthony , Liu David
Published: February 2019

Using the properties management in Park Island, Hong Kong, as a case study, the purpose is to focus on illustrating the significance of providing 4P’s “Proactive, Protective, Professional and Passionate” in extraordinary properties management services in whatever weather condition and on whenever situation.

Design/Methodology/Approach - This paper used the Super Typhoon Mangkhut in Sept 2018 in Park Island, Hong Kong, as a case study to illustrate the professionalism exhibited in Park Island, Kai Shing Management Services Limited. The deep thoughts and feelings from residents were quoted and analyzed. Authors conducted twenty-five in-depth semi-structured interviews.

Findings - The inspiring real life experiences from respondents who have been living in Park Island were quoted. It has been reflecting the “PARK ISLAND" spirit and demonstrating the significance of professionalism and extraordinary service performance for crisis management after super typhoon Mangkhut signal No. 10 was hoisted. Providing 4P’s “Proactive, Protective, Professional and Passionate” in extraordinary properties management services in whatever weather condition and on whenever situation can gain the trust, respect, appreciation and gratitude from residents to professional property management practitioners.

Practical implications – Based on the insights gained from interviewees, providing 4P’s –“Proactive, Protective, Professional and Passionate” in extraordinary properties management services in whatever weather condition and on whenever occasion can exceed residents’ expectations and enhance the reputation of the property management company.

Originality/value - This paper urges for the fundamental service philosophy and attitude exhibited from the property management practitioners to deal with crisis management during the adverse weather condition. This paper uses the Super Typhoon Mangkhut in Sept 2018 in Park Island, Hong Kong, as a case study, and the aim of such an episode is to arouse all the properties management companies to strive the best to meet and exceed residents’ needs in whatever weather condition and on whenever occasion.
Cavitation and Negative Pressure: A Flexible Water Model Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Liu Gang , Fu Qiang , Kang Junjun
Published: February 2019

The critical negative pressure for cavitation in water has been theoretically predicted to be in the range of -100 to -200 MPa at room temperature, whereas values around -30 MPa have been obtained by many experiments. The discrepancy has yet to be resolved. Molecular dynamics (MD) is an effective method of observing bubble nucleation, however, most MD simulations use a rigid water model and do not take the effects of intermolecular vibrations into account. In this manuscript we perform MD simulations to study cavitation in water by using a TIP4P/2005f model under volumecontrolled stretching. It is found that the critical negative pressure of water was -168 MPa in the simulation and the critical negative pressure of water containing 50 oxygen molecules was -150 MPa. Hydrogen bonds played a major role in the cavitation process: the breaking of hydrogen bonds promoted bubble generation and growth. The O-H bond could release energy to increase the amount of potential energy in the system, so that cavitation was more likely to occur. When cavitation occurred, the O-H bond could absorb energy to reduce the amount of potential energy in the system, which will promote the growth of bubbles, and stabilise the cavitation bubbles.