bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of powdered Chinese herbal medicines by fluorescence microscopy, Part 1: Fluorescent characteristics of mechanical tissues, conducting tissues, and ergastic substances
Authors: Wang Ya‐Qiong , Liang Zhi‐Tao , Li Qin , Yang Hua , Chen Hu‐Biao , Zhao Zhong‐Zhen , Li Ping
Published: July 2010

The light microscope has been successfully used in identification of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) for more than a century. However, positive identification is not always possible. Given the popularity of fluorescence microscopy in bioanalysis, researchers dedicated to finding new ways to identify CHMs more effectively are now turning to fluorescence microscopy for authentication purposes. Some studies on distinguishing confused species from the same genus and on exploring distributions of chemicals in tissues of CHMs by fluorescence microscopy have been reported; however, no systematic investigations on fluorescent characteristics of powdered CHMs have been reported. Here, 46 samples of 16 CHMs were investigated. Specifically, the mechanical tissues including stone cells and fibers, the conducting tissues including three types of vessels, and ergastic substances including crystals of calcium oxalate and secretions, in various powdered CHMs were investigated by both light microscope and fluorescence microscope. The results showed many microscopic features emit fluorescence that makes them easily observed, even against complex backgrounds. Under the fluorescence microscope, different microscopic features from the same powdered CHM or some same features from different powdered CHMs emitted the different fluorescence, making this information very helpful for the authentication of CHMs in powder form. Moreover, secretions with unique chemical profiles from different powdered CHMs showed different fluorescent characteristics. Hence, fluorescence microscopy could be a useful additional method for the authentication of powdered CHMs if the fluorescent characteristics of specific CHMs are known. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐step synthesis of 2,4‐diaryl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroquinoline derivatives
Authors: Gezegen Hayreddin , Dingil Alparslan , Ceylan Mustafa
Published: July 2010

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Addition of cylohexanone to chalcones, obtained from the appropriate acetophenone and benzaldehyde derivatives, under solvent‐free conditions gave 1,5‐diketones in good yields. Treatment of 1,5‐diketones with ammonium acetate in acetic acid afforded directly 2,4‐diaryl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroquinoline derivatives 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, 7e, 7f, 7g, 7h, 7i, 7j, 7k, 7l, 7m, 7n, 7o, 7p, 7r, 7s, 7t, 7u in high yields. The structures of 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, 7e, 7f, 7g, 7h, 7i, 7j, 7k, 7l, 7m, 7n, 7o, 7p, 7r, 7s, 7t, 7u were elucidated by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, and elemental analysis. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Nitrogen leaching losses under crops fertilized with biowaste compost compared with mineral fertilization
Authors: Erhart Eva , Feichtinger Franz , Hartl Wilfried
Published: July 2010

The effect of compost fertilization compared with mineral fertilization on N leaching to the groundwater was investigated in six plots of a long‐term field experiment and a lysimeter station on a Molli‐gleyic Fluvisol (WRB) near Vienna, Austria. The plots investigated included two treatments with compost fertilization (16 and 23 t ha–1 y–1, respectively, on average of 11 y), two treatments with mineral N fertilization (41 and 56 kg N ha–1 y–1, respectively), and two treatments with combined fertilization (9 t compost + 56 kg N ha–1 y–1 and 23 t compost + 22 kg N ha–1 y–1, respectively).

Nitrogen leaching to the groundwater as determined using ceramic suction cups was not increased after 11 y of compost fertilization with higher amounts than used in practical farming (23 t ha–1 y–1, corresponding to an annual input of 205 kg Ntot ha–1) as compared to mineral fertilization under the conditions of the experiment. Even intensive N mineralization during a 4‐month period of bare fallow did not cause pronounced differences between the fertilization treatments. The results suggest that in the pannonic climate, compost fertilization does not pose a risk for groundwater eutrophication on the medium term.
The role of “effective microorganisms” in the composting of banana (Musa ssp.) residues
Authors: Formowitz Beate , Elango Fritz , Okumoto Shuichi , Müller Torsten , Buerkert Andreas
Published: July 2010

“Effective microorganisms” (EM) are a poorly defined mixture of supposedly beneficial microorganisms that are claimed to enhance microbial turnover in compost and soil. In Costa Rica, EM are used to produce organic compost (bokashi) from banana residues (Musa ssp.). Given the scarcity of scientific data about the effects of EM on the mineralization of plant residues, this study aimed at investigating the effects of EM addition on the decomposition of banana residues during Bokashi production. To this end, the following non‐EM treatments were compared to EM Bokashi: Bokashi produced with water (W), with molasses (M) as an EM additive, and with sterilized EM (EMst). Subsequently, the effects of the resulting Bokashi treatments on the growth of young banana plants were evaluated. Compared with non‐EM controls, the effect of EM on the mineralization of banana material was negligible. Dry‐matter losses of the composts with different EM treatments were similar, with about 78% over 5 weeks. Ergosterol concentration was highest in EM Bokashi (77 µg (g dry soil)–1) and lowest in EMst Bokashi (29 µg (g dry soil)–1). Microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) and microbial biomass nitrogen (Nmic) were both lowest in EM (Cmic = 3121 µg g–1; Nmic = 449 µg g–1), while Cmic was highest in Bokashi produced with molasses (3892 µg g–1) and Nmic was highest in EMst (615 µg g–1). Treatment effects on adenylate concentrations and adenylate energy charge were negligible. Application of all Bokashi variants to young banana plants significantly increased shoot growth under greenhouse conditions compared to plants grown in a control soil without amendments. However, these effects were similar for all Bokashi treatments, even if EM Bokashi increased the K concentrations in banana leaves significantly compared to Bokashi produced with EMst and the control. Bokashi produced with only molasses and EM Bokashi decreased the number of root nematodes under greenhouse conditions compared to the control. Overall, the results confirmed the expected influence of composting on the degradation of organic material and the effect of compost application on plant growth. Hower, under the conditions of this study, EM showed no special effects in this, except for increasing the K concentrations in the leaves of young banana plants.
The liming effect of five organic manures when incubated with an acid soil
Authors: Naramabuye François X. , Haynes Richard J.
Published: July 2010

A laboratory incubation experiment of 6 months duration was carried out to investigate the liming effects of five organic manures (poultry, pig, and cattle manure, soybean residues, and sewage sludge) when added to an acid soil at a rate of 10 mg g–1. Soils were sampled after 1, 7, 13, 19, and 25 weeks of incubation. For the animal manures and sewage sludge, soil pH was highest after 1 week incubation and it declined thereafter. However, for soybean residues, pH increased over the first 7 weeks of incubation after which it declined. The decreases in pH were accompanied by accumulation of NO$ _3^- $‐N in the soil. The addition of organic residues to the soil resulted in decreases in the concentrations of exchangeable Al and in both total (Alt) and monomeric (Almono) Al present in the soil solution. The effect was most marked for poultry manure, least marked for cattle manure, and more evident after 7 than 25 weeks incubation. Concentrations of soluble C in the soil solution were elevated in manure‐amended soils. Manure additions resulted in a decrease in the percentage of Alt present in solution as Almono, and this was attributed to complexation of Al by soluble organic matter originating from the manures. It was concluded that organic wastes can act as liming materials when added to acid soils and that the resulting increase in pH and decrease in Almono concentrations might provide a window of opportunity for establishment and early growth of crop plants.
Nitrogen mineralization from mature bio‐waste compost in vineyard soils. III Simulation of soil mineral‐nitrogen dynamics
Authors: Nendel Claas , Kersebaum Kurt‐Christian , Nieder Rolf , Kubiak Roland
Published: July 2010

A model for nitrogen (N) dynamics in compost‐amended vineyard soils was tested for its predictive power. A soil–mineral N data set from a 3‐year field study on four different vineyard sites was used for model evaluation. The soils were treated with mature bio‐waste compost (30 and 50 Mg ha–1 fresh matter, respectively). The model calculated soil mineral‐N contents at all sites with an overall mean bias error of –2.2 kg N ha–1 for layers of 0.1 m thickness and an overall mean absolute error of 7.4 kg N ha–1 layer–1. Modeling efficiencies for the simulations of the respective treatments ranged from –0.05 to 0.41, and Willmott's Index of Agreement showed values of between 0.41 and 0.81. Acceptable model predictions as defined by the observed variability of mineral‐N contents in the respective soils ranged from 40% to 72%. A strong increase in soil mineral‐N concentration following the compost application at all sites could not be reproduced with the model, thereby reducing the prediction accuracy significantly. The model performance confirms that previously derived N‐mineralization parameters are suitable to describe the N release from soil‐applied mature bio‐waste compost under the environmental conditions of vineyards in Germany.
Eine Boltzmanngleichung mit inhomogener Randbedingung
Authors: Wenzel L.
Published: July 2010

Mit Hilfe eines Störungssatzes für lokalkonvexe Räume wird die Boltzmanngleichung mit inhomogener Randbedingung behandelt. Dabei wird das Anfangswertproblem in gewissen Banachräumen formuliert. Durch eine Umformulierung gelangt man zu Anfangswert‐problemen in gewissen lokalkonvexen Räumen.
On the Sharpness of Estimates in Terms of Averages
Authors: Dickmeis W. , Nessel R. J. , Van Wickeren E.
Published: July 2010

Continuing our previous investigations on quantitative uniform boundedness and condensation principles, this note is concerned with the sharpness of error bounds in those cases where, for a given process, the bounds are given in terms of averages (integral means) of a second process. A typical example is supplied by the familiar Marchaud inequality for moduli of continuity of different orders.
A Nonlinear Dirichlet Problem on the Unit Ball
Authors: Rother Wolfgang
Published: July 2010

In the present paper, we consider the nonlinear Dirichlet problem ‐ Δu(x) uβ(x) = 0

equation image

is the unit ball and q is a continuous radially symmetric function on B which may be singular on ∂B. We state some mild conditions for the function q so that the Dirichlet problem has a positive classical solution.
The Bornologically Surjective Hull of an Operator Ideal on Locally Convex Spaces
Authors: Wong Ngai‐Ching , Wong Yau‐Chuen
Published: July 2010

We provided an answer to an open problem of A. Pietsch by giving a direct construction of the bornologically surjective hull 𝔲bsur of an operator ideal 𝔲 on LCS's. Discussion of some extension problems of operator ideals were given.
The Hankel Convolution and the Zemanian Spaces βμ and β'μ
Authors: Betancor J. J. , Marrero I.
Published: July 2010

In this paper we give structure theorems for the elements of the Zemanian spaces β'μ and β'μ,a' Also, bounded sets and convergent sequences in β'μ,a' are characterized through representations as derivatives of measurable functions. Finally, we analyze the Hankel convolution on the above spaces.
On Operators Acting on Convergent Sequences in Banach Spaces
Authors: Peter Cass K.
Published: July 2010

Our concern is to find a representation theorem for operators in B(c(X), c(Y)) where X and Y are Banach spaces with Y containing an isomorphic copy of c0. Cass and Gao [1] obtained a representation theorem that always applies if Y does not contain an isomorphic copy of c0. Maddox [3], Melvin ‐ Melvin [4], and Robinson [5] consider operators in B(c(X), c(Y)) that are given by matrices. In this paper we show that Cass's and Gao's result in [1] can be extended, when Y contains an isomorphic copy of c0, to certain operators that we call represent able. In addition, we show that when Y contains an isomorphic copy of co there are always operators that fall outside the scope of our representation theorem. Light is also cast on a theorem given in Maddox [3, Theorem 4.2] and [5, Theorem IV].
Approximation of Unbounded Functions by Linear Positive Operators
Authors: Kasana H. S. , Sollervall H.
Published: July 2010

A unified class of linear positive operators has been defined. Using these operators some approximation estimates have been obtained for unbounded functions. For particular linear positive operators these results sharpen and improve the earlier estimates due to Fuhua Cheng (J. Approx. Theory, 1984) and Xiehua Sun (J. Approx. Theory, 1988).
Chaotic Motion Generated by Delayed Negative Feedback Part II: Construction of Nonlinearities
Authors: Lani‐Wayda Bernhard , Walther Hans‐Otto
Published: July 2010

We construct a smooth function g* : IR ℝ IR withsuch that the equationhas a slowly oscillating periodic solutiony, and a slowly oscillating solutionz* whose phase curve is homoclinic with respect to the orbitoofyin the spaceC=C0([1,0],IR). For an associated Poincaré map we obtain a transversal homoclinic loop. The proof of transversality employs a criterion which uses oscillation properties of solutions of variational equations. The main result is that the trajectories (ψn)∞‐∞of the Poincaré map in a neighbourhood of the homoclinic loop form a hyperbolic set on which the motion is chaotic.
Toeplitz Operators on the Fock Space with Presymbols Discontinuous on a Thick Set
Authors: Ram Írez De Arellano E. , Vasilevski N. L.
Published: July 2010

Toeplitz operators with discontinuous presymbols on the Fock space are studied. These presymbols can have two limit values at the points of some subset in ℂn, generally speaking of nonzero measure. Nevertheless the Toeplitz operator algebra still admits a commutative symbolic calculus.
The Kμ‐Transformation on McBride's Spaces of Generalized Functions
Authors: Betancor Jorge J. , Rodríguez‐Mesa Lourdes
Published: July 2010

In this paper we define the Kμ‐ transformation on certain spaces of generalized functions introduced by A.C. McBride by employing the kernel method. we also establish relations between the generalized Kμ‐ transformation and certain fractional integral operators.
Über Fixpunktsätze in geordneten Mengen
Authors: Lagler Manfred , Volkmann Peter
Published: July 2010

Ea sei Ω eine (teilweise) geordnete Menge und Π : Ω1 → Ω2 mit Ω1,Ω2, ⊂ Ω. Es wird cine hinreichende und notwendige Bedingung dafür gegeben, daß Π mindestens einen Fixpunkt besitzt (Satz 1); als Folgerung ergibt sich ein Fixpunktsatz für wachsende Funktionen Π (Satz 2). Diese Resultate Bind Verallgemeinerungen der Fixpunktsätze von H. Kneser (1950) bzw. R. Lemmert (1989).
On Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces of Polynomials
Authors: Li Xian‐Jin
Published: July 2010

Certain Hilbert spaces of polynomials, called Szegö spaces [11], are studied. A transformation, called Hilbert traneformation, is constructed for every polynomial associatted with a Szegö space. An orthogonal set is found in a Szegö space which determines the norm of the space. A matrix factorization theory is obtained for defining polynomials. Measures associated with a Szegö space are parametrized by functions which ue analytic and bounded by one in the unit disk. A fundmental factorization theorem relates Szegö spaces to weighted Hardy spaces.
Decomposition of Completely Positive Maps
Authors: Paul Michael
Published: July 2010

The paper is concerned with completely positive maps on the algebra of unbounded operatore L+(D) and on its completion L(D, D+). A decomposition theorem for continuous positive functionals is proved in [Tim. Loef.), and [Scholz 91] contains a generalization to maps into operator algebra on finite dimensional Hilbert spaces H0. The aim of the present paper is to construct an analogous decomposition without the assumption that H0 is finite dimensional. Moreover, the Kraus ‐ theorem [Kraus] is proved for normal completely positive mappings on L(D, D+). The paper is organized as follows. Section 1 contains the necessary definitions and notations. In Section 2 we prove the decomposition theorem. Section 3 deal with the structure of the normal completely positive mappings.
On Principally Polarized Adler‐van Moerbeke Surfaces
Authors: Szemberg Tomasz
Published: July 2010

In the present paper we study Kummer surfaces in IP6 arising as projections of a certain family of principally polarized abelian surfaces in IP6. This family was introduced by Adler and van Moerbeke in connection with some Hamiltonian dynamical systems. In this paper we give explicit equations of the associated Kummer surfaces. This enables us to deacribe their moduli space and to give the full list of degenerations.
Reversed Hölder Type Inequalities for Monotone Functions of Several Variables
Authors: Barza Sorina , Pečarlć Josip , Person Lars‐Erik
Published: July 2010

Some reversed Hölder type inequalities yielding for monotone or quasimonotone functions of one variable have recently been obtained and applied (see e.g. [1], [2], [3], [5], [9], [12], [14], [17]). In this paper some inequalities of this type are proved for the more general case with n functions of m variables (m, n ∈ ℤ+ ). Some of these results seem to be new also for the case n = 1 or m = 1.
On the Positive Definiteness of Certain Functions
Authors: Maack Toreien , Sasvári Zoltán
Published: July 2010

For a coinmutative senugoup (S, +, *) with involution and a function f : S → [0, ∞), the set S(f) of those p ≥ 0 such that fP is a positive definite function on S is a closed subsemigroup of [0, ∞) containing 0. For S = (IR, +, x* = ‐x) it may happen that S(f) = { kd : k ∈ N0 } for some d > 0, and it may happen that S(f) = {0} ⊂ [d, ∞) for some d > O. If α > 2 and if S = (ℤ, +, n* = ‐n) and f(n) = e−[n]α or S = (IN0, +, n* = n) and f(n) = enα, then S(f) ∪ (0, c) = ϕ and [d, ∞) ⊂ S(f) for some d ≥; c > 0. Although (with c maximal and d minimal) we have not been able to show c = d in all cases, this equality does hold if S = ℤ and α ≥ 3.4. In the last section we give sinipler proofs of previously known results concerning the positive definiteness of x → e−||x||α on normed spaces.
Gantmacher Type Theorems for Holomorphic Mappings
Authors: González Manuel , Gutiérrez Joaquín M.
Published: July 2010

Given a holomorphic mapping of bounded type g ∈ Hb(U, F), where U ⊆ E is a balanced open subset, and E, F are complex Banach spaces, let A : Hb(F) ∈ Hb(U) be the homomorphism defined by A(f) = fog for all f ∈ Hb(F). We prove that: (a) for F having the Dunford‐Pettis property, A is weakly compact if and only if g is weakly compact; (b) A is completely continuous if and only if g(W) is a Dunford‐Pettis set for every U‐bounded subset W ⊂ U. To obtain these results, we prove that the class of Dunford ‐ Pettis sets is stable under projecti ve tensor products. Moreover, we diaracterize the reflexivity of the space Hb(U,F) and prove that E' and F have the Schur property if and only if Hb(U, F) has the Schur property. As an application, we obtain some results on linearization of holomorphic mappings.
Linear Differential Equations with Variable Coefficients in Regular and Some Singular Cases
Authors: Lantsman M. H.
Published: July 2010

In this paper the asymptotic properties as t → + ∞ for a single linear differential equation of the form x(n) + a1 (t)x(n−1)+…. + an(t)x = 0, where the coefficients aj (z) are supposed to be of the power order of growth, are considered. The results obtained in the previous publications of the author were related to the so called regular case when a complete set of roots {λ,(t)}, j = 1, 2, …, n of the characteristic polynomial yn + a1 (t)yn−1 + … + an(t) possesses the property of asymptotic separability. One of the main restrictions of the regular case consists of the demand that the roots of the set {λ,(t)} have not to be equivalent in pairs for t → + ∞. In this paper we consider the some more general case when the set of characteristic roots possesses the property of asymptotic independence which includes the case when the roots may be equivdent in pairs. But some restrictions on the asymptotic behaviour of their differences λi(t)→ λj(t) are preserved. This case demands more complicated technique of investigation. For this purpose the so called asymptotic spaces were introduced. The theory of asymptotic spaces is used for formal solution of an operator equation of the form x = A(x) and has the analogous meaning as the classical theory of solving this equation in Band spaces. For the considered differential equation, the main asymptotic terms of a fundamental system of solution is given in a simple explicit form and the asymptotic fundamental system is represented in the form of asymptotic Emits for several iterate sequences.
Old Hamiltonian Ideas from a New Point of View
Authors: Stacho Ladislav
Published: July 2010

We prove a sufficient condition for graphs to be hamiltonian. This result generalizes five sufficient conditions for hamiltonian graphs and is non‐comparable with many well‐known ones.
Zeta Functions and Asymptotic Formulae for Preperiodic Orbits of Hyperbolic Rational Maps
Authors: Waddington Simon
Published: July 2010

For a hyperbolic rational map R of the Riemann sphere of degree d ≥ 2, restricted to its Julia set J(R), we define a zeta function ζR(s), which counts the prepenodic orbib of R, according to the weight function |R'| : J(R) → C. An analysis of the analytic domain of ζR(s), using techniques from symbolic dynamics, yields weighted asymptotic formulae for the preperiodic orbits of R. We describe an application to diophantine number theory.
On Discrete Zariski‐Dense Subgroups of Algebraic Groups
Authors: Winkelmann Jörg
Published: July 2010

We investigate under which conditions an algebraic group G defined over a locally compact field k admitr a subgroup Γ⊂ G(k) which is dense in the Zariski topology, but discerte in the topology induced by the locally compact topology on k. For non—solvable groups we provide a complete answer.
Deep brain stimulation for essential tremor: A systematic review
Authors: Flora Eliana Della , Perera Caryn L. , Cameron Alun L. , Maddern Guy J.
Published: July 2010

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neurosurgical treatment, which has proven useful in treating Parkinson's disease. This systematic review assessed the safety and effectiveness of DBS for another movement disorder, essential tremor. All studies concerning the use of DBS in patients with essential tremor were identified through searching of electronic databases and hand searching of reference lists. Studies were categorized as before/after DBS or DBS stimulation on/off to allow the effect of the stimulation to be analyzed separately to that of the surgery itself. A total of 430 patients who had received DBS for essential tremor were identified. Most of the reported adverse events were mild and could be treated through changing the stimulation settings. Generally, in all studies, there was a significant improvement in outcomes after DBS compared with baseline scores. In addition, DBS was significantly better in testing when the stimulation was turned on, compared with stimulation turned off or baseline. Based on Level IV evidence, DBS is possibly a safe and effective therapy for essential tremor. © 2010 Movement Disorders Society
Putaminal magnetic resonance imaging features at various magnetic field strengths in multiple system atrophy
Authors: Watanabe Hirohisa , Ito Mizuki , Fukatsu Hiroshi , Senda Jo , Atsuta Naoki , Kaga Tomotsugu , Kato Shigetaka , Katsuno Masahisa , Tanaka Fumiaki , Hirayama Masaaki , Naganawa Shinji , Sobue Gen
Published: July 2010

We delineated the effects of magnetic field strength on signal intensities to facilitate the specific findings of multiple system atrophy (MSA). Fifteen patients with probable MSA were imaged by 0.35T fast spin‐echo (FSE), 1.5T FSE, and 3.0T FSE using a consistent protocol, testing all field strengths on the same day. Sixty patients with probable Parkinson's disease (PD) also underwent imaging. Moderate or marked hyperintensity at the dorsolateral outer putaminal margin, hyperintensity of the putaminal body, hypointensity relative to the globus pallidus at the dorsolateral putaminal margin, and infratentorial signal changes were evaluated as specific findings for MSA. As the field strength increased, the occurrence of hyperintensity both at the dorsolateral outer putaminal margin and of the putaminal body decreased, while the occurrence of hypointensity at the dorsolateral putaminal margin increased in MSA. The occurrence of uniform mild hyperintensity of the outer putaminal margin was evident in 7% at 0.35T, 40% at 1.5T, and 47% at 3.0T in MSA and in 5% at 0.35T, 60% at 1.5T, and 75% at 3.0T in PD. However, no PD patients showed hyperintensity at the dorsolateral outer putaminal margin and that of the putaminal body. Putaminal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in MSA were altered considerably by magnetic field strength. The severity and distribution of signal changes are important for assessing putaminal MRI findings in MSA. © 2010 Movement Disorders Society
Effects of certain dietary regimes and exteroceptive factors associated with the developing pupa of Tribolium castaneum (HBST.) on the insect's reproductive programming
Authors: Narayan Singh R. , Krishna S. S.
Published: July 2010

The reproductive ability of female Tribolium castaneum to lay more eggs, all fertile, when reared on whole wheat flour than on semolina remained unaffected despite various types of situations — solitary, single paired (1 male, 1 female) and grouped (5 females per group) — experienced by the beetle during its pupal stage. However, single paired pupal condition, maintained with or without their concerned larval food (whole wheat flour or semolina), produced females yielding maximal egg output.
Two new species of the genus Dolicheremaeus Jacot (Acari: Oribatei) from West Bengal, India
Authors: Chakrabarti D. K. , Bhaduri A. K. , Kundu B. G.
Published: July 2010

Two new species of oribatid mites, Dolicheremaeus coronarius and D. himalayensis, are described and figured. Specimens of both species were collected from soils in Darjeeling District, West Bangal, India.
Wegwespen (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) aus der Mongolei
Authors: Wolf Heinrich
Published: July 2010

Based on 353 specimens of spider wasps collected by six Mongolia‐German Biological Expeditions 62 species and subspecies belonging to 15 genera are recorded from the Mongolian Democratic Republic. Nine species and two subspecies are described as new; two sexes, hitherto unknown, are presented for the first time.
Über Lygaeus simulans spec. nov. und L. equestris (Linnaeus, 1758), zwei nahe verwandte paläarktische Lygaeinae (Heteroptera, Lygaeidae)
Authors: Deckert Jürgen
Published: July 2010

On Lygaeus simulans spec. nov. and L. equestris (Linneaus, 1758), Two Closely Related Palearctic Lygaeinae (Heteroptera, Lygaeidae)

The binomen Lygaeus equestris applies to two distinct but related sympatric species, both of palearctic distribution. L. simulans spec. nov. is described and the differences between the new species and L. equestris s. str. are discussed.
The First Collections of Frogs from South Australia
Authors: Tyler Michael J.
Published: July 2010

Nine species of frogs from South Australia, Australia in the Zoologisches Museum Berlin include the first specimens taken in the State. They represent all species now known to occur within 50 km of Adelaide and constitute an important historical collection. The collection includes the following types: Neobatrachus pictus PETERS, Camarolius varius PETERS (= Ranidella signifera GIRARD), Hyla calliscelis PETERS and H. inguinalis AHL (both synonyms of Litoria ewingi (DUMÉRIL & BIBRON)). The types of Limnodynastes dumerili PETERS could not be located. Brief notes are provided on data accompanying the specimens.
Biology of Acanthaspis siva Distant, a Polymorphic Assassin Bug (Insecta, Heteroptera, Reduviidae)
Authors: Ambrose Dunston P. , Livingstone David
Published: July 2010

A. siva Distant is a polymorphic assassin bug existing in four different morphs. It deposits maroon coloured eggs in batches without any cementing material. Pale, fuscous and testaceous nymphs hatch from the eggs in between 13–29 days. Stadial period from first instar to adult ranges from 71–113 days. Adult females live longer than males. Sex ratio of males and females of laboratory raised bugs for two generations is 0.6: 1. Breeding experiments confirmed its polymorphic existence.
Die Micropeziden‐Typen der Dipteren‐Sammlung des Zoologischen Museums in Berlin
Authors: Schumann Hubert
Published: July 2010

The Types of Micropezidae in the Diptera Collection of the Zoological Museum, Berlin

The collection of Micropezidae in the Berlin Zoological Museum contains 383 type specimens (including 66 holotypes) of 140 species. Most of these species, viz. 110, were described by ENDERLEIN, the remaining by LOEW, WIEDEMANN, and 7 other authors. The types were collected in all zoogeographic regions, especially in South America. They are listed here in alphabetical order, with bibliographical data, indication of type locality, collector, date of capture, and remarks on the condition of the specimens.
Das Lebenswerk F. E. Rühes und seine Beiträge zur Cladocerologie
Authors: Lieder Ulrich
Published: July 2010

The Life‐work of F. E. Rühe and his Contributions to Cladocerology

FRIEDRICH EDUARD RÜHE (born Febr. 9, 1888, died by war Sept. 22, 1915) was one of the most outstanding cladocerologists of the so‐called Berlin School of Cladocerology. In the years 1909–1915 RÜHE published 10 papers, exclusively on Crustacea, in the majority on the bosminid species, arranged in the subgenus Eubosmina today (Crustacea: Cladocera, Bosminidae). Side by side with the papers by G. O. SARS and W. LILLJEBORG the main paper by RÜHE (1912a) on Bosmina coregoni in the Baltic Lake District is a milestone in the research in bosminids. 75 years after he has published his papers they are quoted frequently in the international literature – an evidence for the great and unchanged importance of his work. It is the aim of the present paper to appreciate the papers and the thoughts of RÜHE in a present day view on occasion of his centenary.
Effect of Different Varieties of Gram on Growth, Development and Reproduction of Heliothis armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Tripathi Shri Rang , Singh Rajesh
Published: July 2010

Heliothis armigera was reared on four varieties of gram, namely Radhe, Desi, K168 and K4. Growth was studied under laboratory conditions from January to March 1986. The weight acquired by the mature larvae showed variation among the tested food plants. Weight of the pupa also varied in response to rearing on different varieties of gram. Radhe induced the quickest pupation. The emergence of the insect varied from 61–92% among the tested varieties of gram. Fecundity also differed markedly from variety to variety.
Armadillidium fallax Brandt, 1833: Redescription, Synonymy, Distribution (Crustacea, Isopoda, Armadillidiidae)
Authors: Schmalfuss Helmut
Published: July 2010

Armadillidium fallax Brandt, 1833 is redescribed after type‐material, the diagnostic characters are figured. Armadillidium halophilum Dollfus, 1905 and A. rehobotense Verhoeff, 1917 are shown to be synonyms of A. fallax. The species is distributed on sandy shores along the easternmost Mediterranean Sea from Cyprus to Egypt.
Erstnachweis von Marenzelleria viridis (Polychaeta, Spionidae) für den Ostseeraum, mit einem Bestimmungsschlüssel der Spioniden der Ostsee
Authors: Bick Andreas , Burckhardt Roger
Published: July 2010

A polychaete new for the Baltic Sea was recorded during routine sampling in the Darss‐Zingst bodden chain (Southern Baltic) in 1985. It was identified as Marenzelleria viridis (Verrill, 1873). Since 1987, the species has been numerous in this estuary, with densities up to 740 ind. X m−2. In April 1988, its expansion into the oligohaline parts of the bodden chain was recorded. The species inhabits sandy and muddy sediments. No relationship between abundance and type of sediment could be found. The most important taxonomic characters of this polychaete are described and figured. 8 scanning electron micrographs complete the diagnosis. An identification key to the 13 spionid polychaetes known from the Baltic Sea is presented.
Die Oligochaeten‐Typen des Zoologischen Museums in Berlin
Authors: Hartwich Gerhard , Kilias Ingeborg
Published: July 2010

A catalogue of holotypes, syntypes, and paratypoids of 328 species, 2 subspecies, 9 varieties, and 4 forms of Oligochaeta preserved or formerly held in the collection of worms of the Zoological Museum, Berlin is presented. The species are arranged in alphabetical order. Synonyms based on reexaminations of type specimens are noted.
Description of a New Cyprinid, Osteobrama brevipectoralis sp. nov. from Manipur, India with Remarks on the Systematic Position of the Genus Osteobrama Heckel and Allied Genera
Authors: Tilak Raj , Husain Akhlaq
Published: July 2010

Recently collected material of the genus Osteobrama Heckel from Manipur valley is described with figures as a new species, Osteobrama brevipectoralis. It is allied to Osteobrama belangeri (Valenciennes) and O. dayi Hora & Misra, but differs from them in a large number of important characters. A clarification regarding the figure of Osteobrama belangeri and the systematic position of three genera, viz., Rohtee Sykes, Osteobrama Heckel and Mystacoleucus Guenther is given.
Cimex pipistrelli Jenyns (Heteroptera, Cimicidae) aus der Mongolei
Authors: Kerzhner I. M.
Published: July 2010

Cimex pipistrelli Jenyns is recorded from W. Mongolia. The taxonomy of related species is discussed.
Die Typen der Arachniden‐Sammlung des Zoologischen Museums Berlin IX. Araneae: Linyphiidae, Theridiidae
Authors: Moritz Manfred , Fischer Sophie‐Charlotte
Published: July 2010

The Types of the Arachnida Collection of the Zoological Museum Berlin IX. Araneae: Linyphiidae, Theridiidae

The 9th part of the type‐catalogue of Arachnida includes 45 species of Linyphiidae and 52 species of Theridiidae which are represented by type‐specimens in the Zoological Museum Berlin.
Diversity of Spermatophore Capsules in Reduviids (Insecta, Heteroptera, Reduviidae) of South India
Authors: Ambrose Dunston P. , Vennison S. John
Published: July 2010

The spermatophore capsules and their external morphology of twenty‐one species of reduviids belonging to four subfamilies, viz., Acanthaspidinae (5 species), Ectrichodiinae (1 species), Harpactorinae (11 species) and Piratinae (4 species), are described and illustrated. A spermatophore index is formulated and it is explained under different subfamilies.
Pseudodulichia, eine neue Gattung der Podoceridae aus der Antarktis (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaridea)
Authors: Rauschert Martin
Published: July 2010

Pseudodulichia, a New Genus of the Podoceridae from the Antarctic (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaridea)

The systematic position of Dulichia antarctica RAUSCHERT, 1988 had to be revised. Some of its characters made it necessary to erect a new genus, Pseudodulichia gen. n., for this species.
Effect of Larval Crowding on Development, Growth and Reproduction of Earias vittella (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Tripathi Shri Rang , Singh Arti
Published: July 2010

Effects of different levels of larval density (1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 larvae/container) on development, growth and reproduction of Earias vittella were examined under laboratory conditions when the temperature ranged from 22–33°C and R. H. varied from 57–91%‐Larval survival was found to be negatively correlated to the level of density. However, it reduced the larval and pupal weights. Crowding also decreased the fecundity of adults. Hatching of the eggs laid by the females was not affected by the larval crowding.
Zur Phylogenie der Arten der Gattung Macropodus Lac. (Pisces, Belontiidae)
Authors: Paepke Hans‐Joachim
Published: July 2010

On the Phylogeny of the Species of the Genus Macropodus Lac. (Pisces, Belontiidae)

In the present paper the genus Macropodus Lac. is defined as a monophyletic entity; the phylogenetic relationships among its three members Macropodus ocellatus, M. opercularis and M. concolor are discussed as well as the position of the Paradise fishes within the Belontiids.
Artbildung auf Inseln: Theorie zur Evolution der Eidechsen der Gattung Gallotia (Reptilia: Lacertidae) anhand albumin‐immunologischer Analysen und geologischer Daten zur Entstehungsgeschichte des Kanarischen Archipels
Authors: Mayer Werner , Bischoff Wolfgang
Published: July 2010

Speciation on Islands: Theory about the Evolution of the Lizards of the Genus Gallotia (Reptilia: Lacertidae) on the Basis of Albumin‐immunological Analyses and Geological Data about the Genesis of the Canary Archipelago

All recent members of the genus Gallotia from the seven large isles of the Canary Archipelago have been investigated immunologically by means of micro‐complement‐fixation technique. Three species of genera living in NW‐Africa were used as outgroup. From the evolutionary tree constructed from the results isolation times can be estimated and ways of colonization can be reconstructed. Various possibilities of insertion of the fossil species G. goliath in the evolutionary tree are discussed.
Artbildung bei Waranen (Sauria: Varanidae)
Authors: Böhme Wolfgang
Published: July 2010

Speciation in Monitor Lizards (Sauria: Varanidae)

Hemipenial morphology in varanids proves to be a most reliable character group to identify systematic relationships. Differences can be traced even on the specific level, so that speciation processes can be recognized within groups with strikingly diverse adaptive radiations. Examples given are the species groups V. exanthematicus (Polydaedalus) and V. indicus (Euprepiosaurus).
Camouflaging Behaviour and the Effect of Decamouflaging on Behaviour and Development of Acanthaspis pedestrisStål in Solitary and Crowded Conditions (Insecta, Heteroptera, Reduviidae)
Authors: Ambrose Dunston P. , Sahayaraj K.
Published: July 2010

The present investigation deals with the camouflaging behaviour and its effect on the biology and the behaviour of Acanthaspis pedestris Stål in solitary and crowded conditions. The effect of crowding is observed in 3 categories, such as, (a) one individual, (b) two individuals and (c) four individuals under two different conditions (a) camouflaged and (b) decamouflaged. A. pedestris exhibits both natural and corpse camouflaging. The camouflaging efficiency is greater in the I instar and gradually diminishes in the older instars and it totally disappears in the adults. Crowding causes a decrease in the body weight and the particle carrying capacity. Both crowding and decamouflaging affects the ethology of camouflaging and the prey capturing time. Increased nymphal mortality and decreased stadial period are observed as functions of crowding and decamouflaging. Decamouflaging increases the adult longevity of A. pedestris in 1 individual male and 2 individuals female. Crowding causes an increase in the adult longevity of male in the 2 individuals group and causes a decrease in the 4 individuals group of decamouflaged individuals. Sex ratio of camouflaged individuals is biased. But in the decamouflaged one individual group the sex ratio is unbiased. The male biased sex ratio of the normal individuals becomes female biased as a function of crowding.
Prey Influence on the Laboratory Mass Rearing of Rhinocoris kumarii Ambrose & Livingstone, a Potential Biological Control Agent (Insecta, Heteroptera, Reduviidae)
Authors: Ambrose Dunston P. , Roseline Rani M. Sahaya
Published: July 2010

The relative importance of 6 different types of preys, viz., 1. Chrotogonus sp. 2. Musca domestica, 3. Bruchus theobromae, 4. Odontotermes obesus, 5. Camponotus compressus and 6. the mixture of above said five preys in the laboratory mass rearing of R. kumarii, a biological control agent, is assessed. Taking into consideration the development, fecundity and hatchability, B. theobromae is found to be the most suitable prey among all the test preys.

The shortest stadial period is recorded for the nymphal instars fed with O. obesus and the longest stadial period is recorded for the nymphal instars fed with B. theobromae. The highest nymphal mortality is observed among the individuals fed with M. domestica and the lowest among the individuals fed with O. obesus. The adults emerged from the nymphal instars fed with Chrotogonus sp., B. theobromae, C. compressus and the mixture of preys are of male biased, whereas the adults emerged from the nymphal instars fed with M. domestica and O. obesus are of female biased. The longest adult longevity is observed among the individuals fed with B. theobromae and the lowest among the individuals fed with O. obesus. The shortest preoviposition period is observed among the individuals fed with B. theobromae and the longest preoviposition period is observed among the individuals fed with the mixture of preys. Regarding the fecundity, the highest fecundity is observed among the females fed with B. theobromae. The shortest incubation period is observed among the females fed with the mixture of preys. Maximum number of nymphs hatch from the eggs laid by the individuals reared on B. theobromae. B. theobromae, a pest of pulses, is found to be the most suitable prey for the laboratory mass rearing for the conservation and augmentation of R. kumarii.
Herpetologische Beobachtungen am Mount Kinabalu, Nord‐Borneo. III
Authors: Malkmus Rudolf
Published: July 2010

Herpetological Observations on Mount Kinabalu, North Borneo. III.

36 species and 1 subspecies of amphibians as well as 29 species and 2 subspecies of reptiles have been observed in the Mount Kinabalu National Park, North Borneo during a study tour in July/August 1990. The status of 7 forms is not clear, 9 species are new, but not named (genera Kalophrynus, Rana, Meristogenys, Rhacophorus, Philautus; Sphenomorphus, Pseudorabdion), 6 were detected in this area for the first time. The species are described, ecological and ethological data are given.
Effects of Odours of Certain Plant Oils/Leaves on the Egg Hatchability in Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Pathak P. H. , Krishna S. S.
Published: July 2010

The hatchability of eggs of Corcyra cephalonica, exposed during embryogenesis to the odours of certain selected plant oils (cedarwood, clove or eucalyptus) or leaves (eucalyptus or neem), was always less and it was minimal in an environment laden with clove oil aroma. Interaction of these eggs with eucalyptus oil odour for 12 hours daily between 6.00 hand 18.00 h instead of between 18.00 h and 6.00 h in a 4‐day experimental schedule led to a significant reduction in hatchability when compared with control data.
Biology, Behaviour and Biocontrol Efficiency of a Reduviid Predator, Sycanus reclinatusDohrn (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) from Southern India
Authors: Vennison S. J. , Ambrose D. P.
Published: July 2010

Sycanus reclinatus DOHRN, a reduviid predator, inhabits tropical evergreen forests of southern India. Females lay clusters of brown coloured eggs 22 d after emergence. The eggs hatch in 14 to 23 d and the pale‐ochraceous nymphs turn into deep‐ochraceous within 1 h. Total stadial period from I instar to adult ranges from 61 to 90 d at 32 °C. The different nymphal instars are taxonomically described. Male and female longevities are 5 to 54 d and 5 to 50 d, respectively. The sex ratio is slightly male biased. The predatory and mating behaviours are described. The biocontrol efficiency of this reduviid is also dealt with.
Die Typen der Cercomeromorphae (Plathelminthes) des Zoologischen Museums in Berlin
Authors: Hartwich Gerhard , Kilias Ingeborg
Published: July 2010

The Types of Cercomeromorphae (Plathelminthes) in the Zoological Museum, Berlin.

A catalogue of holotypes, syntypes, and paratypes of 292 species and 6 subspecies of Cercomeromorphae (Cestoda, Amphilinidea, Gyrocotylidea, and Monogenea) preserved or formerly held in the helminth collection of the Zoological Museum, Berlin is presented. The species are arranged in alphabetical order. Synonyms based on reexaminations of type specimens are noted.
Kritischer Katalog der Typen der Fischsammlung des Zoologischen Museums Berlin Teil 4: Scorpaeniformes
Authors: Paepke Hans‐Joachim , Fricke Ronald
Published: July 2010

Critical Catalogue of the Types of the Fish Collection of the Zoological Museum Berlin. Part 4: Scorpaeniformes.

This paper is the fourth part of the catalogue of Agnatha and Fishes stored at the Zoological Museum of the Humboldt University in Berlin. It includes the types of the families Scorpaenidae, Aploactinidae, Congiopodidae, Triglidae, Platycephalidae, Hoplichthyidae, Anoplopomatidae, Hexagrammidae, Cottidae, Cottocomephoridae, Psychrolutidae, Agonidae, and Cyclopteridae. Methods are the same as in parts 1 to 3 of the catalogue.
Phrynops chacoensis spec. nov. (Reptilia, Chelidae), eine neue Krötenkopfschildkröte
Authors: Fritz Uwe , Pauler Ingo
Published: July 2010

Phrynops chacoensis spec. nov. (Reptilla, Chelidae), a New Species of Toad‐Headed Turtle.

Phrynops chacoensis spec. nov. is described on the basis of two specimens. P. chacoensis seems to be a relic species from the Chaco in Paraguay, most closely related to P. tuberculatus and to the species pair P. gibbus‐P. vanderhaegei. Formerly the paratype of P. chacoensis was thought to represent the sole record of Acanthochelys pallidipectoris for Paraguay.
Meta menardi (Latr.) und Meta merianae (Scop.): Zur Lebensweise und Verbreitung der beiden häufigsten Spinnen in den Höhlen des Harzes, des Kyffhäusers, Thüringens und des Zittauer Gebirges
Authors: Ecker Rolf , Moritz Manfred
Published: July 2010

Meta menardi (Latr.) and Meta merianae (Scop.): On the Biology and Habitat of the Two Commonest Spiders in the Caves of the Harz, the Kyffhäuser, Thuringia and the Zittau Mountains.

The terrestrial arthropod fauna of more than 220 caves and lost galleries of the territory of former GDR has been recorded over a period of three years. Peripheral to these investigations, observations have been made on the natural history of Meta menardi and Meta merianae. M. menardi was present in about 80%, and M. merianae in about 50% of the sites investigated. Although biotopical requirements of both species overlap, there are, however, differences. Whereas M. menardi prefers the half‐dark of humid and dry caves and avoids draughty places, M. merianae stays in rather light places and draughty entries to humid and wet caves. M. menardi has a strongly rudimentary web structure, which is only suitable for keeping but not catching prey (myriapods, isopods, coleopterans). With respect to degree of specialisation to cave life, M. menardi is considered to be subtroglobiontic to eutroglophilic, whereas in M. merianae troglophily is weakly developed occurring only in few local populations.
An Annotated Type Catalogue of the Anguimorph Lizards (Squamata: Anguidae, Helodermatidae, Varanidae, Xenosauridae) in the Zoological Museum, Berlin
Authors: Good David A. , Bauer Aaron M. , Günther Rainer
Published: July 2010

A complete catalogue is provided for the type specimens of anguimorph lizards in the herpetological collection of the Zoological Museum, Museum of Natural History, Berlin, as of August 1992. Excluding questionable cases, the collection contains 32 type specimens representing 25 currently recognized taxa in the families Anguidae, Helodermatidae, Varanidae, and Xenosauridae. All but seven of these taxa are presently regarded as valid at the specific or subspecific level.