bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nano-enhanced Optical Gene Delivery to Retinal Degenerated Mice
Authors: Batabyal Subrata , Gajjeraman Sivakumar , Bhattacharya Sulagna , Wright Weldon , Mohanty Samarendra
Published: October 2019

Background:

The efficient and targeted delivery of genes and other impermeable therapeutic
molecules into retinal cells is of immense importance for the therapy of various visual disorders.
Traditional methods for gene delivery require viral transfection, or chemical methods that suffer from
one or many drawbacks, such as low efficiency, lack of spatially targeted delivery, and can generally
have deleterious effects, such as unexpected inflammatory responses and immunological reactions.

Methods:

We aim to develop a continuous wave near-infrared laser-based Nano-enhanced Optical Delivery
(NOD) method for spatially controlled delivery of ambient-light-activatable Muti-Characteristic
opsin-encoding genes into retina in-vivo and ex-vivo. In this method, the optical field enhancement by
gold nanorods is utilized to transiently permeabilize cell membrane, enabling delivery of exogenous
impermeable molecules to nanorod-binding cells in laser-irradiated regions.

Results and Discussion:

With viral or other non-viral (e.g. electroporation, lipofection) methods, gene
is delivered everywhere, causing uncontrolled expression over the whole retina. This will cause complications
in the functioning of non-degenerated areas of the retina. In the NOD method, the contrast
in temperature rise in laser-irradiated nanorod-attached cells at nano-hotspots is significant enough to
allow site-specific delivery of large genes. The in-vitro and in-vivo results using NOD, clearly demonstrate
in-vivo gene delivery and functional cellular expression in targeted retinal regions without compromising
the structural integrity of the eye or causing immune response.

Conclusion:

The successful delivery and expression of MCO in the targeted retina after in-vivo NOD
in the mice models of retinal degeneration opens a new vista for re-photosensitizing retina with geographic
atrophies, such as in dry age-related macular degeneration.
pH Sensitive Interpenetrating Network Bio Containers of Gum Ghatti for Sustained Release of Glipizide
Authors: Ray Somasree , Bera Mohua , Bhattacharyya Uttam Kumar , Das Samarpita , Seth Shalmoli , Pal Pallab Kumar , Aziz Abdul
Published: October 2019

Objective:

A novel natural polymer, Gum Ghatti (GG) was explored to develop a new polymeric
system that will combine the biodegradable and biocompatible properties of GG and mechanical
properties of poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) for drug delivery application.

Methods:

Smart pH sensitive, porous, glutaraldehyde (GA) crosslinked interpenetrating network (IPN)
microspheres loaded with glipizide were developed by the emulsion crosslinking method. The drug
entrapment efficiency was 92.85±1.5%. FTIR confirmed the formation of IPN structure. Drug release
can be extended upto 7 hours by modulating the concentration of crosslinking agent. Swelling study and
diffusion co-efficient (D) of water transport were performed in order to understand the phenomenon of
water penetration through the microsphere. In vivo antidiabetic activity performed on alloxane induced
diabetic rats indicated that in case of pure glipizide sudden reduction of elevated blood glucose was
observed after 3 hours.

Results:

In case of rats treated with glipizide loaded IPN microparticles, the initial percentage reduction
of blood glucose level was slow within the first 3 hours of administration, as compared to pure glipizide
but after 6 hours 90% reduction was observed which confirmed sustained release nature of microspheres.

Conclusion:

Thus IPN microparticles were found suitable for sustained delivery of BCS class II drug
glipizide.
In Silico Identification and Molecular Characterization of Extracellular Cathepsin L Proteases from Giardia duodenalis
Authors: Durán-Pérez Sergio A. , Rendón-Maldonado José G. , de Jesús Hernandez-Diaz Lucio , Apodaca-Medina Annete I. , Jiménez-Edeza Maribel , Montes-Avila Julio
Published: October 2019

Background:

The protozoan Giardia duodenalis, which causes giardiasis, is an intestinal
parasite that commonly affects humans, mainly pre-school children. Although there are asymptomatic
cases, the main clinical features are chronic and acute diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain, and malabsorption
syndrome. Little is currently known about the virulence of the parasite, but some cases of
chronic gastrointestinal alterations post-infection have been reported even when the infection was
asymptomatic, suggesting that the cathepsin L proteases of the parasite may be involved in the damage
at the level of the gastrointestinal mucosa.

Objective:

The aim of this study was the in silico identification and characterization of extracellular
cathepsin L proteases in the proteome of G. duodenalis.

Methods:

The NP_001903 sequence of cathepsin L protease from Homo sapienswas searched against
the Giardia duodenalisproteome. The subcellular localization of Giardia duodenaliscathepsin L
proteases was performed in the DeepLoc-1.0 server. The construction of a phylogenetic tree of the
extracellular proteins was carried out using the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis software
(MEGA X). The Robetta server was used for the construction of the three-dimensional models. The
search for possible inhibitors of the extracellular cathepsin L proteases of Giardia duodenaliswas
performed by entering the three-dimensional structures in the FINDSITEcomb drug discovery tool.

Results:

Based on the amino acid sequence of cathepsin L from Homo sapiens, 8 protein sequences
were identified that have in their modular structure the Pept_C1A domain characteristic of cathepsins
and two of these proteins (XP_001704423 and XP_001704424) are located extracellularly. Threedimensional
models were designed for both extracellular proteins and several inhibitory ligands with a
score greater than 0.9 were identified. In vitrostudies are required to corroborate if these two extracellular
proteins play a role in the virulence of Giardia duodenalisand to discover ligands that may be
useful as therapeutic targets that interfere in the mechanism of pathogenesis generated by the parasite.

Conclusion:

In silicoanalysis identified two proteins in the Giardia duodenalisprotein repertoire whose
characteristics allowed them to be classified as cathepsin L proteases, which may be secreted into the
extracellular medium to act as virulence factors. Three-dimensional models of both proteins allowed the
identification of inhibitory ligands with a high score. The results suggest that administration of those
compounds might be used to block the endopeptidase activity of the extracellular cathepsin L proteases,
interfering with the mechanisms of pathogenesis of the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis.
Phosphoproteomic Analysis of Spiroplasma eriocheiris and Crosstalk with Acetylome Reveals the Role of Post-Translational Modifications in Metabolism
Authors: Liu Peng , Hou Libo , Liu Min , Xu Xuechuan , Gao Qi , Deng Jiewen , Xiang Shasha , Cao Qian , Zhou Min , Yang Quanjie , Wang Wen , Gu Wei , Meng Qingguo
Published: October 2019

Background:

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation are an essential regulatory mechanism of protein function and associated with a range of biological processes beyond genome and transcriptome. Spiroplasma eriocheiris, a wall-less helical bacterium, is one of the smallest known self-replicating bacteria and a novel pathogen of freshwater crustacean.

Methods:

To study the physiological characteristics and regulatory mechanism of S. eriocheiris, the protein phosphorylation in the bacterium were systematically investigated by iTRAQ analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD015055.

Results:

We identified 465 phosphorylation sites in 246 proteins involved in a broad spectrum of fundamental biological process ranging from regulation of metabolic pathways to protein synthesis. Notably, most proteins in glycolysis and all proteins in the arginine deiminase system were phosphorylated. Meanwhile, the cytoskeleton proteins (Fibril, Mrebs and ET-Tu) were all phosphorylated suggest that the phosphorylation also may play a crucial role in cell skeleton formation. We have got a lot of highly conserved proteins and phosphorylation sites by analysis, and those proteins or phosphorylation sites were mainly participated in glucose metabolism and protein synthesis. Crosstalk analysis with protein-protein interaction networks in relation to phosphorylated proteins and acetylated proteins found that the two PTMs are required for playing crucial roles in many physiological processes in S. eriocheiris. By comparing the relative positions of acetylation versus phosphorylation, we found that the two modifications often found close to proximity on the same protein.

Conclusions:

The results imply that there is previously unreported hidden role of phosphorylation that define the functional state of Spiroplasma.
Cationic Ruthenium-Catalyzed Bis-Homo-Diels-Alder Cycloaddition
Authors: Petko Dina , Stratton Matthew , Koh Samuel , Tam William
Published: October 2019

Objective:

The ruthenium-catalyzed Bis-Homo-Diels-Alder cycloaddition between 1,5-
cyclooctadiene and alkynes was explored, and the use of commercially available cationic catalysts was
investigated. It was noted that [CpRu(CH3CN)3]PF6 was effective at catalyzing this cycloaddition and yields of
the desired tricyclo[4.2.2.02,5]dec-7-ene adduct ranging from 13 to 83% were achieved using this cationic
catalyst. Several cycloadducts that were previously unobtainable with the use of the neutral (Cp*RuCl(COD)
catalysts were also successfully made using [CpRu(CH3CN)3]PF6 albeit in low yields.

Methods:

Commercially available, and previously synthesized alkynes were combined with 1,5-cyclooctadiene
and treated with a ruthenium catalyst within a glovebox. The reaction mixture was stirred for 72h at temperatures
ranging from 25 to 70oC. The desired cycloadduct was then isolated using flash column chromatography
and analyzed and characterized using NMR, IR and MS.

Results:

Several previously unattainable adducts were synthesized using the cationic [CpRu(CH3CN)3]PF6.
When this catalyst was compared to the neutral Cp*RuCl(COD) greater yields were observed.

Conclusion:

The present study describes an improved method for the formation of the tricyclo[4.2.2.02,5]dec-7-
ene framework using a commercially available cationic ruthenium catalyst. It was noted that the use of
[CpRu(CH3CN)3]PF6 led to improved yields when compared to Cp*RuCl(COD).
Synthesis, Antioxidant Activity, and Determination of Binding Parameters of Meso-Tetra-4-Actophenyl-Porphyrin and its Palladium (II) Complex with Superoxide Anion Radicals
Authors: Boutarfaia Amira , Bechki Lazhar , Lanez Touhami , Lanez Elhafnaoui , Kadri Mohamed
Published: October 2019

Background:

Meso-tetra-4-actophenyl-porphyrin (TAcPPH2) was synthesized by reacting 4-
acetyl-benzaldehyde with pyrrole in propionic acid, and used as a ligand for the synthesis of palladium
(II) complex (PdTAcPP). The structure of the ligand and the complex were characterized by NMR and
electronic spectroscopy.

Methods:

he antioxidant activity and the binding parameters of both the ligand and its complex with
superoxide anion radical .
(O2 -) were measured using cyclic voltammetry based assay. The assays were
based on the measurement of the anodic peak current density of .
O2− electrochemically generated by
reduction of molecular oxygen in DMF.

Results:

The complex PdTAcPP showed the highest antioxidant activity (0.73 ± 0.01 mg/mL) which is
four times higher than that of the standard antioxidant α-tocopherol (3.04 ± 0.03 mg/mL).

Discussion:

Binding parameters like binding constants, the ratio of binding constants and binding free
energies were also measured.

Conclusion:

The value of the binding free energy ranging from -7.89 kJmol-1 for TAcPPH2 to -17.59
kJ.mol-1for PdTAcPP suggests an electrostatic interaction of .
O2− with TAcPPH2 and PdTAcPP which
has been found to be the dominant interaction mode. The kinetics of the interaction reaction of the
ligand and complex was quantified having second-order rate constant values equal to 0.2 and 1.3 M-1 s-1,
respectively.
First-in-Human Study of the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and - Preliminary Dynamics of Neuroprotectant 2-Iminobiotin in Healthy Subjects
Authors: van Hoogdalem Ewoud-Jan , Peeters-Scholte Cacha M.P.C.D. , Leufkens Paul W.T.J. , Hartstra Jan , van Lier Jan J. , de Leede Leo G.J.
Published: October 2019

Background:

2-iminobiotin (2-IB) is an investigational neuroprotective agent in development
for the reduction of brain cell injury after cerebral hypoxia-ischemia.

Objective:

The present first-in-human study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics
(PK) and -dynamics (PD) of 2-IB in healthy male subjects, intravenously infused with or without
Captisol® as a solubilizing agent.

Methods:

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study was executed
in 2 groups of 9 healthy male subjects. A single dose of 2-IB 0.6 mg/kg or placebo was infused over
periods between 15 min and 4 h, and repeated doses escalating from 0.6 mg/kg to 12 mg/kg, or
placebo were infused every 4 h for 6 administrations in total.

Results:

Single and multiple doses of 2-IB up to 6 doses of 6 mg/kg with and without Captisol®
were safe and well-tolerated in healthy male subjects. 2-IB proved to be a high-clearance drug with
a volume of distribution slightly exceeding total body water volume, and with linear PK that appeared
not to be affected by the presence of Captisol®.

Conclusion:

Sulfobutyletherbeta-cyclodextrin (SBECD) in Captisol® had a low-clearance profile
with a small volume of distribution, with time-independent PK. Preliminary PD characterization of
repeated iv dosing of 2-IB in an acute peripheral hypoxic ischemia model in healthy subjects did
not reveal any notable effects of 2-IB, noting that this model was not selected to guide efficacy in
the currently pursued indication of cerebral hypoxia-ischemia.
The “Scourge of the Renaissance”. A Short Review AboutTreponema palliduminfection
Authors: Santacroce Luigi , Bottalico Lucrezia , Topi Skender , Castellaneta Francesca , Charitos Ioannis A.
Published: October 2019

Background:

There is not a time in the history when epidemics did not loom large: infectious diseases have always had civilisation and evolution-altering consequences. Throughout history, there have been a number of pandemics: cholera, bubonic plague, influenza, smallpox are some of the most brutal killers in human history. Historical accounts of pandemics clearly demonstrate that war, unhygienic conditions, social and health inequality create conditions for the transmission of infectious diseases, and existing health disparities can contribute to unequal morbidity and mortality. The Renaissance was a period of European cultural, artistic, political and economic “rebirth” following the Middle Ages, but it was also the time when new infectious disease appeared, such as Syphilis. The epidemic spread of Syphilis began between the late 15th century and early 16th century due to the increased migration of peoples across Europe. The rapid spread of venereal syphilis throughout Europe suggests the introduction of a disease into a population that had not previously been exposed. Syphilis is a type of treponematosis, which includes syphilis, bejel, yaws, and pinta, but, while syphilis is venereal disease, the others are nonvenereal. Syphilis was, at the beginning, a disease of great severity due to its novelty, as the population had no time to gain any immunity against this venereal disease.

Methods:

The purpose of this study is to investigate the origin of syphilis and the evolution of the treatments from the empiric means to the discovery of penicillin, but also to understand how this venereal disease has largely influenced human lifestyle and evolution.

Conclusions:

The first of the three hypotheses about its origins is the Columbian hypothesis, which states that Columbus's crew acquired syphilis from Native Americans and carried it back to Europe in 1493 A. D. On the contrary, the second hypothesis (pre-Columbian) asserts that syphilis was present in Europe long before Columbus's voyage and was transferred to the New World by Columbus's men. The Unitarian theory argues that syphilis, bejel, yaws, and pinta are not separate diseases but they represent syndromes caused by slightly different strains of one organism. Nowadays, Syphilis’ origin is still uncertain and remains controversial. However, the large impact on the social behavior and international public health is an important reason to investigate about its origins and how to prevent the transmission.
Evolution of World and Brazilian Markets for Enzymes Produced by Solid-state Fermentation: A Patent Analysis
Authors: Rodrigues Heb C.S.R. , Carvalho Andrea L. , Souza Carolina O. , Umsza-Guez Marcelo A.
Published: October 2019

Background:

The use of enzymes in various industrial processes has become increasingly frequent. When added to productive processes, it can accelerate reactions and generate a number of new products. The solid state fermentation (SSF), among other applications, has been employed also to obtain enzymes.

Objective:

The purpose of this prospection was to map registered patent documents about enzymes
production by this type of fermentation in the world, identify the most obtained enzymes with patent
documents and compilate information about the world and Brazilian enzyme markets.

Methods:

The experimental design was carried out by the keyword-driven scope through the advanced
search in the Espacenet database European Patent Office (EPO). The keywords selected
were solid-state fermentation and the International Patent Classification code, C12N9 (enzymes;
proenzymes), for prospecting of interest.

Results:

In 2012, there was the higher number of registered patents (12). China holds 84% of deposited
patents. Among the types of depositors, 54% of the selected patent documents were deposited
by universities and institutes, and 44% by companies. 76.5% of the evaluated patents used
fungi as enzyme producer. Analyzing the enzymes obtained in the registered patents, it is verified
that the majority belongs to the group of carbohydrases with 43%, followed by proteases (25%),
which are also the two classes of enzymes most commercialized in the market.

Conclusion:

China holds the majority of the registered patents but North America gets the largest
global enzyme market revenue followed by Europe and Pacific Asia. Carbohydrases were the
most commercialized enzymes and with the highest number of patents registered. Among the carbohydrases,
cellulases, xylanases and amylases are the most frequent in patent registration while
being fungi produced.
Potential of Radiolabeled PSMA PET/CT or PET/MRI Diagnostic Procedures in Gliomas/Glioblastomas
Authors: Bertagna Francesco , Albano Domenico , Cerudelli Elisabetta , Gazzilli Maria , Giubbini Raffaele , Treglia Giorgio
Published: October 2019

Background:

Radiolabeled prostate-specific membrane antigen PSMA-based PET/CT or
PET/MRI is a whole-body imaging technique currently performed for the detection of prostate cancer
lesions. PSMA has been also demonstrated to be expressed by the neovasculature of many other solid
tumors.

Objective:

The aim of this review is to evaluate the possible diagnostic role of radiolabeled PSMA
PET/CT or PET/MRI in patients with gliomas and glioblastomas, by summarizing the available literature
data.

Methods:

A comprehensive literature search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane
library databases was conducted to find relevant published articles about the diagnostic performance
of radiolabeled PSMA binding agents in PET/CT or PET/MRI imaging of patients with suspected
gliomas or glioblastomas.

Results:

Seven case reports or case series and 3 studies enrolling more than 10 patients showed that
gliomas and glioblastoma are PSMA-avid tumors.

Conclusion:

Radiolabeled PSMA imaging seems to be useful in analyzing glioma/glioblastoma. Further
studies enrolling a wider population are needed to clarify the real clinical and diagnostic role of
radiolabeled PSMA in this setting and its possible position in the diagnostic flow-chart.
Watershed fragility Assessment: a Methodological Approach of Siltation and Pollution Vulnerability on a Rural Watershed in Ibiúna (Southeastern Brazilian Region)
Authors: Da Veiga Denise Piccirillo Barbosa , Cruz Bruna Botti , Nardocci Adelaide Cassia , Manfré Luiz Augusto , Machado Cláudia Aparecida Soares , Quintanilha José Alberto
Published: October 2019

Background:

The São Paulo State area has been facing a water crisis that caused
water shortage in many cities, and a series of socioeconomic problems as an outcome. Water
supply massive land-use alteration throughout São Paulo State river basins, coupled with
climate change effects might produce severe damage to the region if preventive actions are
not enforced in time.

Objective:

This study aims to apply an adapted methodology of fragility analysis to a tributary
of the Itupararanga reservoir (Brazil) using a hydrological modeling tool. Based on the
determination of the flow and drainage system direction and object-based image analysis, a
final map of the fragility will be constructed.

Methods:

This paper presents a fragility assessment methodology on a local scale using a
rural watershed of the study area. This approach uses object-based classification of topography
data from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission to extract the most fragile territorial units
of the watershed area, in terms of pollution and siltation contribution risk, combined with
land cover classification.

Results:

The study area exhibits very high and medium fragility areas related to water contamination
and siltation risk that can be seen as priority areas for land cover management
and monitoring, although most of the basin area was classified as very low fragility.

Conclusion:

The methodology applications have great potential uses in territorial planning,
protected areas and restoration priorities delimitation, ecological-economic zoning, hazard
evaluation and mitigation, erosional processes and water protection and management at
both local and regional scale studies.
Üstün Yetenekli Olan ve Olmayan Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Matematik Kaygı Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Gürel Ramazan , Yetkin-özdemir İffet Elif
Published: October 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı üstün yetenekli olan ve olmayan
öğrencilerin matematik kaygı düzeylerini belirlemek ve bazı değişkenlere
(cinsiyet, sınıf seviyesi ve matematik başarısı) göre karşılaştırmaktır. Bu çalışmada nicel araştırma
yöntemlerinden ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Katılımcılar
6-8. sınıflarda okumakta olan 140 üstün yetenekli öğrenciden ve 815 üstün
yetenekli olmayan öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; üstün
yetenekli öğrencilerin matematik kaygı düzeylerinin üstün yetenekli olmayan
akranlarına göre daha düşük olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, üstün yetenekli olmayan
öğrencilerin matematik kaygı düzeyleri sınıf seviyesine göre anlamlı bir
farklılık göstermiştir. Bu durum üstün yetenekli öğrenciler için geçerli
değildir. Üstün yetenekli ve üstün yetenekli olmayan öğrenci gruplarında kız
öğrencilerin kaygı düzeylerinin erkek öğrencilerin kaygı düzeylerinden yüksek
olduğu ancak bu farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmadığı bulunmuştur.
Ayrıca matematik karne notunun üstün yetenekli olmayan öğrenci grubunun
matematik kaygı düzeyi üzerinde anlamlı bir farklılık yarattığı görülmüştür.
Üstün yetenekli öğrenci grubu için karne notu matematik kaygısı üzerinde
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark yaratmamıştır.
Study Design Guidelines
Authors: Sereda A. P. , Andrianova M. A.
Published: October 2019

Complying with certain requirements or, more precisely, following the guidelines for the design of a scientific publication helps to make it not only more comprehensible for reviewers and readers, but actually enhances the quality of work. For example, even if some aspects in design logic were fulfilled but not described, other researchers doing meta-analysis may wrongly but for a good reason downgrade such publication and exclude it from the analysis. Understanding of the guidelines for study design ensures not only the proper description of the results but the initial planning of work. The CA RE guidelines were established for reporting of clinical cases, STROBE — for reporting observational studies (cohort and case-control studies), CO NSORT — for reporting randomized studies (these guidelines are often used also for other comparative and case series studies), STARD — for reporting diagnostic studies, and PRISMA — for reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The present paper describes the key aspects of those guidelines and provides templates for graphic display of study design in form of flow charts. Evidently, we should not forget that each study is unique and there is always a place for a reasonable compromise between “requirements” and the real logic of the research in place.
Long-Term Results of Total Hip Arthroplasty with RM Classic Cups
Authors: Danilyak V. V. , Klyuchevsky V. V. , Molodov M. A. , Goryunov E. V. , Marchenkova K. V.
Published: October 2019

Relevance. The RM Classic monoblock titanium-coated polyethylene cup is widely used in the total hip arthroplasty. However, so far in Russia there has been no analysis of follow-up over 10 years for a limited number of patients in a single hospital. The aim of the study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of total hip replacement with RM Classic acetabular component. Materials and Methods. The outcomes of 328 total hip arthroplasties (289 patients operated in the period from 1997 to 2007) with RM Classic cups were evaluated in a monocentral retrospective clinical study. The average follow-up period was 14.4 years. Revision procedure due to aseptic loosening, polyethylene wear or osteolysis was considered as the end point of the study. Results. 9 revisions during the short and medium follow-up periods (up to 10 years) were associated with malpositioning of RM Classic components and errors in surgical technique. The indications for later revision THA (19 cases) were polyethylene wear and aseptic loosening. Only in one case they were combined with pelvic bone osteolysis with the formation of III a defect according to W.G. Paprosky classification. Within 15 years the Kaplan-Meier survivorship of RM Classic cup was 92.5%. There was a statistically significant difference of the survival curves in the ceramic-on-poly against metal-on-poly bearings: 94.9% and 79.4%, respectively. The average Harris Hip Score was 88.6. Conclusion. RM Classic uncemented monoblock cup has proven its high efficiency and survival in 15 years follow-up period and over.
Comment to the Article “Long-Term Results of Total Hip Arthroplasty with RM Classic Cups”
Authors: Myasoedov A. A.
Published: October 2019

.
PRP-Therapy for Tendinopathies of Rotator Cuff and Long Head of Biceps
Authors: Malanin D. A. , Norkin A. I. , Tregubov A. S. , Demeshchenko M. V. , Cherezov L. L.
Published: October 2019

Relevance. Owing to its controlling action on the inflammatory process, pain-relieving and reparative effects the RPR-therapy became quite demanded for treatment of certain types of tendinopathies specified by prevalence of degenerative process and poor reparative potential. Purpose of the study — to evaluate the efficiency of PRP-therapy in patients with tendinopathies of rotator cuff (RC) long head of biceps (LHB) tendons. Material and Methods. The paper presents the results of two-center prospective study for application of autologous platelet rich plasma in treatment of 122 patients: 53 men and 69 women aging 46.8±6.8 years who suffered RC tendinopathy (66%), subacromial impingement syndrome and RC tendinopathy (17%) and LHB tendinopathy (17%). Treatment outcomes were evaluated in 1, 3 and 6 months after PRP-therapy using various scales — VAS, UCLA , DASH, — and instrumental examination methods (US, MRI). Results. The authors observed statistically significant improvement in pain and functional scores in all three groups as compared to reported scores prior to PRP-therapy during 6 months follow up. During this period of evaluation, the scores of UCLA and DASH in patients with RC tendinopathy improved at 8.6 and 36.4 points, with subacromial impingement syndrome and RC tendinopathy — at 9.6 and 38.8 points, with LHB tendinopathy — at 11.5 and 44.1 point, respectively. The most notable reduction of pain syndrome by VAS was achieved in treatment of LHB tendinopathy (at 5.4 points) and RC tendinopathy (at 5.2 point). The highest average scores of satisfaction with treatment outcomes were reported in patients with RC tendinopathy (2.3) and LHB tendinopathy (2.2). MRI and ultrasound examinations after PRP-therapy demonstrated improved structure of RC and LHB tendons — decreased or eliminated swelling, areas of hypoechoic signal. Conclusion. PRP-therapy in patients with RC and LHB tendons and with subacromial impingement syndrome with RC tendinopathy significantly reduces severity of pain and improved the shoulder joint function with positive dynamics during 6 months follow up.
Acute Correction of Congenital Brachymetatarsia in Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Keshet D. , Salminen S. , Eidelman M.
Published: October 2019

Introduction. Brachymetatarsia is a relatively rare abnormal shortening of metatarsal bone with female predominance. No consensus exists about the ideal surgical treatment for this condition while the two common strategies are gradual lengthening using external fixation and acute one stage lengthening. We describe the surgical technique of acute lengthening using iliac bone graft and report our results. Materials and Methods. Twelve patients (11 females, one male) with 14 short metatarsals were treated in our hospital over a 12-year period. The mean age was 17.4 years (range 14-28 years). Treatment protocol included metatarsal osteotomy, lengthening of extensor tendon and percutaneous tenotomy of the flexor tendon at the level of affected MP joint. Autologous iliac bone graft was inserted after elongation of the metatarsal by distraction through the osteotomy site and fixed using Kirshner wire. Results. Average metatarsal shortening was 13mm (range, 11-18 mm). The metatarsal length gained was an average of 12mm (range, 11-15 mm). Uneventful bone union was achieved in all cases after six weeks. At the end of treatment, the normal cascade of the metatarsal heads (metatarsal parabola) had been restored in 11 of the 14 metatarsals treated. There were no wound complications or pin tract infections around the wire. All but one patient were satisfied with the cosmetic appearance of the foot. Conclusion. Based on our experience, acute metatarsal lengthening using an iliac autugraft is a reliable and effective treatment method for congenital brachymetatarsia in adolescents and young adults.Level of Evidence: Level IV Case series.
Objective Signs of Foot Deformities in Children with Spastic Form of Cerebral Paralysis: Justification of Individual Approach to Footwear Support
Authors: Smirnova L. M. , Dzhomardly E. I. , Koltsov A. A.
Published: October 2019

Relevance. Foot deformities are the most common locomotor pathology in children with infantile cerebral paralysis. At the same time many children suffering from this pathology wear standard shoes that do not take into account the individual foot anatomy. Purpose of the study — to justify the expedience of individual approach to orthopaedic support for children with infantile cerebral paralysis. Materials and methods. The authors examined 220 feet in 110 patients aging from 3 to 18 years: 62 patients with spastic form of infantile cerebral paralysis and 48 children who were examined during periodic screening at general education institutions (control group). Clinical examination methods, computerized plantography and podometry by flatbed foot scanning (ventrally, posteriorly, medially) in standing position were used in the present study. Results. Statistically significant variances (p*0.005) were obtained for 8 indicators of foot deformity in three planes in children with infantile cerebral paralysis as compared to the norm, as well as differences between the groups of patients with varying degree of disorders in gross motor functions. The authors established pathological foot deformities in children with infantile cerebral paralysis; statistically significant variances in types and degrees of these disorders for patient groups with different levels of gross motor functions disorders; distinctiveness of foot deformities within each of the groups. Conclusion. Objectively instrumental method was used to identify the main components of foot deformities in patients with infantile cerebral paralysis with preservation and realization of walking capability: loss of height of longitudinal arches, midfoot pronation and hindfoot valgus, hallux valgus. Increased elevation of longitudinal arches (cavus foot), midfoot supination and hindfoot varus are rarer components of deformities occurring more often in patients with severer forms of the pathology. Strong variation in the spread of foot anatomy parameters observed within different groups of motor dysfunctions indicates the expediency of individual approach to footwear recommendations: standard, less or more complex orthopaedic shoes. Implementation of obtained data into the clinical practice requires additional series of biomechanical trials aimed at elaboration of criteria for recommendations and efficiency evaluation of various footwear types that take into account not only specifics of foot anatomy but also its statodynamic function as well as the level of gross motor functions of a particular patient.
The Importance of Health Information on the Internet: How It Saved My Life and How it Can Save Yours
Authors: Kushniruk Andre
Published: October 2019

The internet holds the potential promise of improved patient outcomes, especially when one is faced with a critical or life-threatening disease or condition. Appropriate and timely access to health information can support informed negotiation of optimal treatments, optimal management, and expedited recovery, and to an improved outcome for a patient. However, there are many human and technical barriers that may prevent the application of the best possible information for both patient and provider alike, making the patient journey complex and potentially dangerous. In this viewpoint paper, the author (who is also a JMIR editor) reflects on a personal patient journey, where use of the internet facilitated a means of reaching a good patient outcome in the face of a variety of informational and organizational limitations and gaps. This journey illustrates the importance of human-related factors affecting access to health information. The application of a range of internet information resources at critical points can result in a positive patient outcome, as this case illustrates. This paper reflects on how the experience highlights several information needs and concerns. It also highlights the need for improved access to appropriate health information along the patient journey that can support patient and provider joint decision-making. This access to information can make the difference between positive clinical outcomes and death, illustrating how health information on the internet can be both critical and life saving.
A NEW VALIDATED STABILITY-INDICATING DIRECT HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF ROSIGLITAZONE ENANTIOMERS IN THE PRESENCE OF ITS DEGRADATION PRODUCTS
Authors: GOWRAMMA BYRAN , MEYYANATHAN SUBRAMANIYAN NAIYANAR , BABU BASAWAN , KRISHNAVENI NAGAPPAN
Published: October 2019

Objective: In the present study, an isocratic chiral reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed and the resolution of the drug and complete separation from its degradation products were successfully achieved.

Methods: An isocratic method developed with a Phenomenex Lux 5 μ Cellulose 1 (150 mm×4.6 mm i.d., 5 μ) using UV detector at wavelength of 220 nm, with a mobile phase consisting of methanol:0.1% diethylamine (60:40% v/v) and a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The drug was subjected to alkaline, acidic, neutral, oxidative, and photolytic to apply stress conditions. The stressed samples were analyzed by the proposed method.

Results: The described method was linear over the range of 3–7 μg/ml for R-enantiomer and 9–21 μg/ml of S-enantiomer, respectively. The limit of detection and limit of quantification of R and S enantiomers were found to be 0.56 μg/ml and 0.18 μg/ml, respectively.

Conclusion: The method provides good sensitivity and excellent precision and reproducibility. The developed method can be applied in the quality control of drug products.
IN VITRO CYTOTOXICITY ACTIVITY OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF POLYHERBAL CHURNAM (COFRI) IN NORMAL LIVER AND KIDNEY CELL LINES
Authors: Y YASMINE , JEBA R CAROLINE
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the cytotoxic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of a polyherbal powder on Vero (normal kidney) and Chang (normal liver) cell lines.

Methods: The cytotoxic effect was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. It is commonly used colorimetric assay for assessing cell metabolic activity under specific conditions, indicates the number of viable cells.

Results: According to the experimental results, the hydroalcoholic extract does not cause any toxicity on normal liver and kidney cell lines and LC50 values are ca lculated using LDP line software and found 776.73 μg/ml and 686.58 μg/ml.

Conclusion: The hydroalcoholic extract of polyherbal churnam exhibited cell viability at higher concentrations. The results indicates investigated formulation does not causes any toxicity to the normal liver and kidney cells and found to be safe for human consumption. Further, toxicological and pharmacological evaluation is required to prove its safety and efficacy.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF PORTULACA QUADRIFIDA LINN.
Authors: SUPRIYA JAGTAP , KISHOR GUJAR , ANIKET GHARE
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate in vitro antimicrobial activity against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis and preliminary phytochemical screening of the leaves of Portulaca quadrifida (Linn.).

Methods: The solvent extract such as petroleum ether, methanol, and water on the leaves of P. quadrifida (Linn) was prepared by Soxhlet extraction (continuous hot percolation method). These solvent extracts were screened for antimicrobial activity against enterotoxigenic E. coli and B. subtilis at various concentrations and were measured by observing zone of inhibition in mm by disc diffusion method (cup plate method).

Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the flavonoids, fats, and oils in all extracts. Similarly, the presence of alkaloids and tannins was obtained in the petroleum ether and methanolic extracts, while the presence of glycosides was obtained in the methanolic and water extracts. Further, proteins and sterols were found in petroleum extracts. The results of antimicrobial activity shown that methanolic extracts of the plant leaf showed good antimicrobial activity and petroleum ether and water extract showed similar activity but less antimicrobial activity than methanolic extract. The antimicrobial activities of extracts were compared with standard antibiotic such as chloramphenicol.

Conclusion: P. quadrifida (Linn.) has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and a potential source of new classes of antibiotics that could be useful for infectious disease chemotherapy and control. The phytochemical analysis of the crude extracts of this plant indicates the presence of major phytoconstituents which may have been responsible for the observed antimicrobial property.
EVALUATION OF HYPOLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF FRUIT RIND EXTRACTS OF GARCINIA GUMMIGUTTA IN DIET-INDUCED HYPERLIPIDEMIC RATS
Authors: DATCHANAMURTY BARATHANE , K MANIMEKALAI , SALWE KARTIK J
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the hypolipidemic activity of fruit rind extracts of Garcinia gummi-gutta in diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats.

Methods: Hydroalcoholic extract of fruit rinds of G. gummi-gutta was prepared using Soxhlet apparatus. 30 Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups (n=6). Except for Group 1, all the other groups were treated with hyperlipidemic diet (HLD) for 4 weeks. After induction, the Groups 3 and 4 were treated with the extracts at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg doses, respectively, whereas Group 5 received the standard drug atorvastatin at 10 mg/kg for the next 4 weeks. Lipid profile was estimated at the end of each week. At the end of the study, rats were sacrificed and the liver and heart were analyzed for histopathological changes. Data expressed as mean±standard error of the mean. Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey test. p<0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: The serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and LDL were significantly increased and the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were significantly decreased when compared to normal control. The groups which received G. gummi-gutta rind extract at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg showed a significant decrease in the mean cholesterol, TG, LDL, VLDL levels, and an increase in HDL levels when compared to the HLD group. The group which received the extract at higher dose (REGG200) was found better than the lower dose (REGG 100). REGG 200 showed significant improvement in increasing the HDL levels than all the test groups. The standard drug atorvastatin was found better than REGG100 but there was no significant difference between high doses of the extract and atorvastatin.

Conclusion: The fruit rinds extract of G. gummi-gutta was able to decrease the elevated serum lipids (TC, TG, LDL, and VLDL) and consequently increase the HDL levels in a dose-dependent manner.
ESTABLISHMENT OF NOVEL URINARY KIDNEY DISEASE NEW BIOMARKERS AND THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF METHANOL FRACTION OF TERMINALIA ARJUNA ON ACETAMINOPHEN INDUCED KIDNEY DISEASE IN RATS
Authors: GIRI DEBLINA , DAS KOUSHIK , KUMAR NANDI DILIP
Published: October 2019

Objective: There were main two objectives, first was the identification of best biomarkers for early screening of kidney diseases whether plasma urea and creatinine or novel urinary low molecular weight protein biomarkers Interleukin-18 (IL-18), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and cystatin-C. Second was the therapeutic efficacy of methanol fraction of Terminalia arjuna (MFTA) on urinary novel biomarkers.
Methods: A total of 35 adult male rats were divided into three Groups (n=5), Group 1 was fed normal food, Group 2, normal food with administration of acetaminophen (APAP) for 5 days, 10 days, and 15 days, and Group 3, normal food with administration of APAP and coadministration of MFTA for 5 days, 10 days, and 15 days. All rats were sacrificed at 15th day of the experiment.
Results: Results showed 5 days, 10 days, and 15 days administrations of APAP increased novel urinary biomarkers as IL-18, KIM-1 near two-folds and cystatin-C near six-folds increased than old biomarkers plasma urea and plasma creatinine. Administration of APAP with coadministration of MFTA represented the protective effect by decreasing old and new novel biomarkers with superoxide dismutase and catalase but malondialdehyde level increased. Sodium dodecyle sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed new low molecular weight urinary protein bands in APAP administration rats, the protective effect of MFTA presents no band at this molecular level as normal rats.
Conclusion: MFTA is the most potent nephroprotective agent, and urinary low molecular proteins are the best thing diagnostic tools for early detection of kidney disease over common plasma urea and creatinine.
STUDY ON MULTIPOTENT MEDICINAL ASPECTS OF SCHIMA WALLICHII (BARK) FROM NAGALAND, NE INDIA
Authors: BHATTACHARJEE MINAKSHI , SEMA Y VITOLU , PRATIMSARMA MANASH
Published: October 2019

Objective: The present study focuses on the multipotent medicinal aspects of Schima wallichii bark.

Methods: The ethanol and water extracts of the plant were investigated its phytochemical, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticoagulant as per the standard method.

Results: S. wallichii bark extract was effective against Staphylococcus aureus. It was also found to be a good antioxidant having an IC50 value of 98.7 in ethanolic extract. Further, the water extract increased in prothrombin time to 57.7 s against normal (12.3 s). The different phytochemicals, namely tannin, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and glycosides, were present. Since the findings showed very less percent inhibition in comparison to curcumin-treated cells, thus both the extracts were both not effective in the antiproliferative assay.

Conclusion: We conclude that this plant is a good candidate for developing a natural drug.
SOLID DISPERSIONS: RESUSCITATING ORAL DELIVERY OF HYDROPHOBIC DRUGS
Authors: AGRAWAL RUCHI , RAZA ABID , PATEL OM PRAKASH
Published: October 2019

Objective: This review article explores solid dispersions (SDs) as one of the suitable approaches to formulate poorly water-soluble drugs. The objective of this review on SD techniques is to explore their utility as a feasible, simple, and economically viable method for augmentation of dissolution of hydrophobic drugs.

Methods: Various types of SDs are classified and compared. Use of surfactants to stabilize the SDs and their potential advantages and disadvantages has been discussed. Different techniques for preparing and evaluating SDs are appraised along with discussions on scalability and industrial production. Review of the current research on SD along with future trends is also offered.

Results: Based on the various researches, SDs offer an efficient means of improving bioavailability while concurrently contributing to lower toxicity and dose-reduction.

Conclusion: Solid-dispersions have been and continue to be one of the key technologies for solving the issue of poor solubility for newer hydrophobic molecules which are being discovered. This would give a new lease of life for such drugs enabling them to be delivered in an effective way.