bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and thermal stability of a novel acetylene end-capped silicon-containing polyimide coupling agent with a silane pendant group
Authors: Yang Teng , Hu Yanhong , Deng Shifeng , Du Lei , Zhou Jiali , Hu Junjie , Jian Xue
Published: May 2019

In this study, a novel heat-resistant polyimide macromolecular coupling agent (PSI-C) was designed and synthesized. Silicon-containing diamine was one of the monomers used to increase the solubility of the polyimide, and m-aminophenylacetylene was the end-capping reagent that copolymerized with the resin matrix. A silane coupling group was introduced into the side chain to match the reinforced fiber. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the 5% thermal decomposition temperature ( T d5) of the cured PSI-C could reach 454°C and the residual rate at 800°C was 53%. Thermal pyrolysis of the vaporized resin showed that the heat-resistant functional group was still detectable at 550°C. The thermal stability of the alkynyl-terminated silicon-containing polyimide silane coupling agent was higher than those of conventional silane coupling agents. The curing process of the composite system was not affected when adding the coupling agent PSI-C to the quartz fiber/alkynyl resin composite. The interlaminar shear strength and bending strength of the composite were increased by 55% and 61%, respectively, at room temperature. The high-temperature retention rate at 500°C reached 58% and 63%.
Effects of low-temperature treatments on surface hardness, retained austenite content, residual stress condition and the resulting tooth root bending strength of case-hardened 18CrNiMo7-6 gears
Authors: Kratzer D , Dobler F , Tobie T , Hoja T , Steinbacher M , Stahl K
Published: May 2019

This paper contains parts of the research project FVA 612 and investigates the correlation between low-temperature treatments of case-hardened gears made from the material 18CrNiMo7-6 and the resulting surface hardness, retained austenite content, and residual stress condition. These parameters were further investigated with regard to the tooth root bending strength obtained with pulsating test rigs. The tested gears were subjected to various low-temperature treatments including different temperature levels before or after tempering. Other investigated parameters were the application of a shot blasting treatment and the effect of low-temperature treatments on gears with increased retained austenite content after the carburizing process.
The effects of cables' strain and specific stiffness on the stiffness of cable-driven parallel manipulators
Authors: Xiong Hao , Diao Xiumin
Published: May 2019

A cable-driven parallel manipulator is driven by a set of cables instead of rigid links. Since cables usually have more flexibility than rigid links, the stiffness of a cable-driven parallel manipulator has been a concern for many applications that require controllable system stiffness. This paper studies how cables' strain and specific stiffness affect the stiffness of a cable-driven parallel manipulator that has p degrees of freedom and [Formula: see text] cables. A decoupled stiffness model of a cable-driven parallel manipulator is derived mathematically. In the decoupled stiffness model, cables' specific stiffness is decoupled from the other factors that affect the stiffness of the cable-driven parallel manipulator, namely, cable strains, positions of anchor points on the end-effector, and extended lengths and orientations of cables. The concept of stiffness change ratio is proposed to reflect how significantly the stiffness of a cable-driven parallel manipulator can be regulated at a specific pose. The decoupled stiffness model shows that it is cable strains, rather than just cable tensions, that determine the stiffness change ratio of a cable-driven parallel manipulator at a specific pose. It is mathematically proved that, at a specific pose, the stiffness change ratio of a cable-driven parallel manipulator using cables with an extended strain range is larger than or equal to that of the cable-driven parallel manipulator using cables with the original strain range.
Diarrhea caused by Shigella flexneri in patients with primary HIV infection
Authors: Stażyk Katarzyna , Krycińska Róża , Jacek Czepiel , Garlicki Aleksander , Biesiada Grażyna
Published: May 2019

Acute bacterial diarrhea due to Shigella spp. infection is a common disease in low-income settings. In developed countries, these are usually cases of patients with recent travel history to tropical countries. In recent years, there has been a noticeable increase of cases of Shigella infection amongst men having sex with men in developed countries with no recent travel history. We present a report of two cases of patients hospitalized due to diarrhea of Shigella flexneri origin. During hospitalization, both of them were diagnosed also with primary HIV infection and one patient also had acute hepatitis A. The course of the disease was complicated in both cases and symptoms were severe. In both cases, Shigella was most likely transmitted through sexual contact. Shigella infection should also be considered as one of the sexually transmitted infections.
Cholangitis and pulmonary nodules in a clinical presentation of syphilis in an HIV-infected patient
Authors: Hermida-Lama Evelyn , Marco-Hernández Javier , Medaglia Alice Annalisa , Pagès Mario , Vollmer Ivan , Ramírez Josep , Martínez Daniel , Mallolas Josep , García Felipe
Published: May 2019

Several clinical manifestations attributed to syphilitic infection have been described in the literature. This is important because of the increased incidence of this infection mainly among men who have sex with men. We report the case of an HIV-infected patient who was hospitalized due to severe cholestasis, initially interpreted as drug-induced liver disease. It evolved slowly, with increasing intrahepatic cholangitis confirmed by magnetic resonance cholangiography and the appearance of several pulmonary nodules. In lung and liver biopsies, the presence of Treponema pallidum was detected by molecular and immunohistochemistry techniques, and a diagnosis of cholangitis and pulmonary syphilis was made.
Successful treatment of condylomata acuminata at the urethral meatus with high-dose ingenol mebutate gel: Report of two cases
Authors: Martinez-Domenech Alvaro , Magdaleno-Tapial Jorge , Garcia-Legaz Martinez Marta , Hernández-Bel Pablo
Published: May 2019

Condylomata acuminata (CA), or anogenital warts, is the most common sexually transmitted infection. Treatments for CA generally have suboptimal recurrence rates, which results in a need for repeated treatments and adds to the already negative impact on the patients’ quality of life. CA can present at the urethral meatus, which is a particularly challenging anatomic location from a therapeutic perspective. We report two cases of CA at the urethral meatus successfully treated with topical application of high-dose ingenol mebutate gel.
Estar Pendiente: Exploring the School Engagement of Involved Latino Fathers
Authors: FitzGerald Anne Marie , White George , Quiñones Sandra
Published: May 2019

This study foregrounds the voices of fathers, challenges normative notions of paternal engagement, and contributes to an understanding of how and why Latino fathers of middle school students support their children’s educational success. A subset of five Latino fathers from a larger study responded to interview questions probing their motivations and forms of parental involvement based on the Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler’s model. Fathers constructed their roles as parent or partnership focused, despite fathers’ reports of overcoming obstacles such as lack of knowledge and skills, or time and energy. Their children’s invitations, rather than teacher or school invitations, most powerfully predicted fathers’ home-based involvement.
Following the Journey Map: A Phenomenological Case Study of the Transformative Change of an Elementary Lab School
Authors: Reina Laura J. , Stewart Courtney
Published: May 2019

Schools are faced with increasing pressures from declining test scores and outcry from the public to improve the educational system. Efforts to reform the system have varied widely and produced inconsistent results. One school took a different approach by embracing the reform efforts through a systematic change process, led by a transformational leader and guided by a “journey map” to navigate their progress. This study described the steps taken by a Title I elementary lab school as they moved from a failing status to highly successful. Comparisons against state data, aligned with codes emergent from interviews, revealed eight themes essential to effective school change.
Gastrointestinal Mastocytosis: A Potential Diagnostic Pitfall to Be Aware
Authors: Zanelli Magda , Pai Rish K. , Grazia Zorzi Maria , Zizzo Maurizio , Martino Giovanni , Morelli Luca , Parisi Alice , De Marco Loredana , Annessi Valerio , Ascani Stefano
Published: May 2019

Mastocytosis is a rare and heterogeneous group of disorders that may be limited to the skin and even spontaneously regress or may have a systemic presentation with multi-organ involvement and poor outcome. Among the extracutaneous sites, gastrointestinal tract is often affected, but nonspecific clinical manifestations combined with subtle histological findings of the disease makes the diagnosis of gastrointestinal mastocytosis rather hard. In absence of a high index of suspicion, gastrointestinal involvement is easily overlooked. We report a challenging case of systemic mastocytosis presenting with isolated gastrointestinal manifestations without skin involvement, in which the diagnosis was missed at first evaluation of intestinal biopsies.
Automated parenteral chemotherapy dose-banding to improve patient safety and decrease drug costs
Authors: Fahey Olivia G , Koth Sara M , Bergsbaken Jason J , Jones Heather A , Trapskin Philip J
Published: May 2019

Purpose

To improve patient safety and reduce drug waste through implementation of automated parenteral chemotherapy dose-banding within an electronic health record.

Methods

Parenteral chemotherapy dose-rounding practices were transitioned from a manual, pharmacist-driven workflow to an automated process within the electronic health record. Initial medications transitioned included bevacizumab, rituximab, and trastuzumab. Dose-banding tables were built to standardize rounding within a 10% parameter and then subsequently incorporated into the electronic health record after receiving multidisciplinary approval. Following implementation, a retrospective chart review was performed to compare drug and associated cost savings with manual dose-rounding and automated dose-banding. Medication safety improvements were measured by comparing the change in the number of clicks needed for pharmacist verification as well as by evaluation of submissions to our event reporting system.

Results

After implementing automated parenteral chemotherapy dose-banding, reported medication errors associated with the parenteral chemotherapy rounding process decreased. The number of event submissions related to incorrect rounding decreased from four submissions in the pre-implementation period to zero in the post-implementation period. Automation saved pharmacists at least 9,297 additional clicks and 11,363 additional keystrokes and also led to notable increases in total drug savings as well as drug cost savings.

Conclusion

Overall safety of our parenteral chemotherapy ordering processes within our electronic health record was improved after the implementation of automated dose-banding. By standardizing the administered doses for three chemotherapy agents, we were also able to increase total drug savings and associated drug cost savings.
Planning for Intangible Cultural Heritage in Tourism: Challenges and Implications
Authors: Esfehani Minoo H. , Albrecht Julia N.
Published: May 2019

This empirical article is the first to consider tourism planning for tourism products based on intangible cultural heritage (ICH). It identifies two sets of factors that affect related tourism planning, the accessibility of ICH-based tourism products for visitor market(s), and the perceived appropriateness of ICH for use in tourism. The factors are derived using a qualitative, ethnographic method, implemented in the Qeshm Island Global Geopark in the South of Iran. Theoretical and practical implications address the requirements for tourism planners to extend the tourism planning arena, the integration of planning efforts for tourism and heritage preservation, and the need to involve stakeholders who co-create value from both tourism and heritage preservation perspectives. The impact of the article lies not only in its originality but also in its contributions to the literature on cultural (heritage) tourism as well as tourism planning.
Dynamic and stability analysis of functionally graded material sandwich plates in hygro-thermal environment using a simple higher shear deformation theory
Authors: Hellal Hadjira , Bourada Mohamed , Hebali Habib , Bourada Fouad , Tounsi Abdelouahed , Bousahla Abdelmoumen A , Mahmoud SR
Published: May 2019

A new simple “four-variable shear deformation” plate model is proposed in this work to demonstrate the hygro-thermal environment effects on dynamic and buckling of functionally graded material “sandwich plates” supported by “Winkler–Pasternak” elastic foundations. Equations of motion are obtained from Hamilton’s principle containing the hygro-thermal influences. This model uses only “four variables” and considers trigonometric variation of “transverse shear stress.” In addition, these stresses become zero at the upper and lower surfaces of the “sandwich plate.” The novelty of this formulation is the addition of the integral term in the field of displacement, which leads to a reduction of the number of unknowns and basic equations. Various kinds of functionally graded material “sandwich plates” are examined in this study. To verify the validity of the model, the calculated results are compared with the existing results. Comparison investigations reveal that the computed results of the proposed formulation are in excellent agreement with those of other “higher shear deformation theories.” Parametric investigation is established to demonstrate the effects of temperature rise, moisture condition, elastic foundation coefficients, and power law index on the vibration and buckling of functionally graded material “sandwich plates.”
Examining Second Graders’ Healthy Food Choices: Through Literacy and Active Learning
Authors: Olan Elsie Lindy , Campbell Laurie O. , Jahani Shiva
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the implementation of a nutrition module and activities ( Go, Slow, Whoa) in a literacy environment through an active learning approach. Second graders (N = 85) from diverse socioeconomic status (SES) areas completed the 12-week program. The participants’ perceptions of healthy food choices were measured both pre- and post-intervention. Students met for 30 minutes twice a week, to complete 5-lessons from a Coordinated Approach to Child Health ( CATCH) nutrition module and activities ( Go, Slow, Whoa). Measures were taken both pre- and post-intervention ( Food Fury Quiz) to distinguishing between healthy and unhealthy foods (images). There was a statistically significant improvement ( t = 12.16, df =84, P = .000) from pretest ( M = 19.06, SD = 3.13) and posttest ( M = 23.34, SD = 0.48) scores. Administering a healthy food choice curriculum through literacy and active learning provides an alternative approach to improving health knowledge among second grade students.
Therapies for Type 1 Diabetes: Current Scenario and Future Perspectives
Authors: Pathak Varun , Pathak Nupur Madhur , O’Neill Christina L , Guduric-Fuchs Jasenka , Medina Reinhold J
Published: May 2019

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing β cells located in the endocrine pancreas in areas known as islets of Langerhans. The current standard-of-care for T1D is exogenous insulin replacement therapy. Recent developments in this field include the hybrid closed-loop system for regulated insulin delivery and long-acting insulins. Clinical studies on prediction and prevention of diabetes-associated complications have demonstrated the importance of early treatment and glucose control for reducing the risk of developing diabetic complications. Transplantation of primary islets offers an effective approach for treating patients with T1D. However, this strategy is hampered by challenges such as the limited availability of islets, extensive death of islet cells, and poor vascular engraftment of islets post-transplantation. Accordingly, there are considerable efforts currently underway for enhancing islet transplantation efficiency by harnessing the beneficial actions of stem cells. This review will provide an overview of currently available therapeutic options for T1D, and discuss the growing evidence that supports the use of stem cell approaches to enhance therapeutic outcomes.
Group dynamics as a predictor of dissociation for Black victims of violence: An exploratory study of cultural betrayal trauma theory
Authors: Gómez Jennifer M.
Published: May 2019

Violence victimization is prevalent in the US and is linked to costly mental health outcomes, including dissociation and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Black Americans are at increased risk for violence victimization, while additionally enduring racism that impacts mental health. Moreover, discrimination affects outcomes of violence. Cultural betrayal trauma theory (CBTT) is a new framework for examining the impact of within-group violence victimization (termed cultural betrayal trauma) and minority status on outcomes. Furthermore, CBTT examines posttraumatic group dynamics, such as (intra)cultural pressure. As pressure to protect the minority in-group by not disclosing cultural betrayal trauma, (intra)cultural pressure may impact outcomes. The purpose of the exploratory study was to examine the impact of cultural betrayal trauma and (intra)cultural pressure on dissociation and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Participants ( N = 43) were Black/African American university students who completed online measures assessing violence victimization and outcomes. Linear regression analyses revealed that cultural betrayal trauma predicted PTSS, whereas (intra)cultural pressure predicted dissociation. The current study has implications for examining the impact of group dynamics, such as (intra)cultural pressure, in clinical interventions for Black victims of cultural betrayal trauma. Such cultural competency in mental health care treatment may help reduce mental health disparities.
Coding in early childhood
Authors: Lee Joohi
Published: May 2019

This article presents steps that can be used to expose children to concrete experiences of practicing coding using unplugged activities, including using directional words or directional arrows, using sequential words, combining both directional and sequential words, and connecting with grids.
Mapping the emotional journey of the doctoral ‘hero’: Challenges faced and breakthroughs made by creative arts and humanities candidates
Authors: Batty Craig , Ellison Elizabeth , Owens Alison , Brien Donna
Published: May 2019

This article discusses how doctoral candidates identify and navigate personal learning challenges on their journey to becoming researchers. Our study asked creative arts and humanities candidates to think beyond the research project itself and reflect on emotional hurdles they were facing or had overcome. The findings point to a great deal of ‘invisible’ work that underpins doctoral study, and show that such hidden work can have a major influence not only on the research project, but also on progress and satisfaction with the learning journey. In this article, we outline the key themes that emerged from the study: on the emotional and transformational dimensions of the doctoral journey. Using these themes and the candidate stories surrounding them, we align the doctoral journey with Joseph Campbell’s journeying ‘hero’ and Mezirow’s concept of transformation, and suggest how making such invisible aspects of candidature more visible might enhance research training.
Health Educator Perspectives on Seeking Medicaid Reimbursement in Indiana
Authors: Yazel-Smith Lisa , Hancher-Rauch Heidi L. , Britt-Spells Angelitta
Published: May 2019

Health education is a growing field. However, there is confusion about the role delineation of health education specialists (HES) and other health education (HE) providers. Additionally, recent reimbursement opportunities allow employers to bill for HE services but offer confusing language regarding eligible service-providing professionals. This study surveyed health educators in Indiana to assess knowledge, attitudes, and perceived abilities to bill Medicaid and other insurers for HE services. Using a cross-sectional research design, an original 22-item Web-based questionnaire was developed and distributed to all Certified Health Education Specialist/Master Certified Health Education Specialist (CHES/MCHES) practitioners residing in Indiana. Additional respondents were recruited using a snowball technique, as original respondents asked to share the survey with colleagues. A final data set of 61 respondents was analyzed. All respondents’ organizations provided HE services, with the majority indicating they do not charge and do not bill for HE services. Additionally, 60% of the respondents agreed that HES should be reimbursed for services, and the vast majority believed reimbursement to be important for the field. With recent reimbursement opportunities for HE and preventative health services, it is important that HES advocate for the profession and for potential reimbursement opportunities, such as Medicaid, to enhance the field and support HES jobs.
Traffic congestion prediction based on GPS trajectory data
Authors: Sun Shuming , Chen Juan , Sun Jian
Published: May 2019

Since speed sensors are not as widely used as GPS devices, the traffic congestion level is predicted based on processed GPS trajectory data in this article. Hidden Markov model is used to match GPS trajectory data to road network and the average speed of road sections can be estimated by adjacent GPS trajectory data. Four deep learning models including convolutional neural network, recurrent neural network, long short-term memory, and gated recurrent unit and three conventional machine learning models including autoregressive integrated moving average model, support vector regression, and ridge regression are used to perform congestion level prediction. According to the experimental results, deep learning models obtain higher accuracy in traffic congestion prediction compared with conventional machine learning models.
Association of Increased Risk of Pneumonia and Using Proton Pump Inhibitors in Patients With Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Lin Wen-Ling , Muo Chin-Shin , Lin Wen-Chuan , Hsieh Yow-Wen , Kao Chia-Hung
Published: May 2019

Background:

This study explored the possible association between the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and the increased incidence of pneumonia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods:

We selected 4940 patients with T2DM of whom 988 and 3952 were enrolled in PPI and propensity score-matched control cohorts, respectively. All patients were followed from the index date until admission with pneumonia, withdrawal from the National Health Insurance program or the end of 2013. The PPIs associated with risk of incident pneumonia were examined. Furthermore, we assessed the risk of pneumonia according to annual defined daily doses in the PPI cohort.

Results:

After a 14-year follow-up, the cumulative incidence of pneumonia in the PPI users was 11.4% higher than that in the controls (30.3% vs 18.9%). Compared to the controls, the PPI users had a 1.70-fold higher risk of pneumonia in the Cox proportional hazards model after adjustment for matched pairs. The risk of pneumonia increased with the annual PPI defined daily dose.

Conclusion:

The results of this population-based retrospective cohort study suggest that PPI use increased the risk of pneumonia in patients with T2DM. The effects were more prominent in patients administered higher doses of PPIs.
Arterial travel time estimation method using SCATS traffic data based on KNN-LSSVR model
Authors: Bing Qichun , Qu Dayi , Chen Xiufeng , Pan Fuquan , Wei Jinli
Published: May 2019

In order to improve the effect of estimating travel time and provide more precise and reliable traffic information to traffic management department and travelers, we proposed an arterial travel time estimation method using Sydney Coordinated Adaptive Traffic System traffic data based on K-nearest neighbor–least squares support vector regression model. First, the virtual time series is constructed by analyzing the characteristics of the inconsistent time intervals of Sydney Coordinated Adaptive Traffic System traffic data. Second, the K-nearest neighbor method was used to search the K similarity patterns matching the current traffic pattern and obtain K travel time data. Then, the least squares support vector regression model was used to perform travel time estimation. Finally, case validation is carried out using the measured data of Sydney Coordinated Adaptive Traffic System traffic control system. The estimation results demonstrate that the travel time estimation accuracy of proposed method outperforms the other two methods.
Immune targeting of the microenvironment in classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma: insights for the hematologist
Authors: Carreau Nicole A. , Diefenbach Catherine S.
Published: May 2019

While up to 80% of patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) are cured with first-line therapy, relapsed/refractory (R/R) disease remains a clinical challenge and is fatal for many young patients. HL is unique in that the tumor cells (Hodgkin Reed–Sternberg; HRS cells) are a small fraction (<1%) of the tumor bulk, with the remaining tumor composed of the cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME). The support and integrity of the TME is necessary for HRS cell growth and survival. Targeting the programmed death 1 pathway has shown exciting activity in relapsed HL and led to United States Food and Drug Administration approval of the checkpoint inhibitors, nivolumab and pembrolizumab, for R/R HL. Novel combinations with checkpoint blockade therapy (CBT), targeted approaches such as combinations of CBT with brentuximab vedotin or chemotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor T-cells, and the use of CBT to potentially sensitize to subsequent therapy are being investigated as treatment approaches. As understanding of the HL TME grows, hopefully this will increase the number of rational therapeutic targets.
Outsourcing and the Risks of Dependent Autonomy
Authors: Lair Craig D.
Published: May 2019

Outsourcing affords those who engage in it a type of autonomy, albeit a highly dependent, and thus risky, one. The autonomy associated with outsourcing comes from how it allows entities to pursue their activities in a more self-directed manner (e.g., it gives entities greater control over what activities they perform as well as how they are performed). However, this autonomy is only made possible by an entity becoming dependent on those who take over its outsourced activities. In other words, it is only by becoming dependent on others that outsourcing frees entities to peruse their activities in a more self-direct manner. Recognizing the dependent nature of the autonomy associated with outsourcing is important because of the risks it poses both to the entity engaging in outsourcing and to some broader social concerns. This article focuses on three such risks: how this autonomy is dependent on the availability of suppliers willing and able to take on one’s outsourced affairs; how this kind of dependency can lead to a loss of an entity’s internal capabilities; and how an entity can inadvertently outsource, and thus lose control over, its core activities. Given that the dependence inherent in outsourcing relationships is the source of so many of outsourcing’s benefits as well as its risks, this article highlights the highly precarious nature of this dependent form of autonomy.
Advancing Global Health and Medicine Through the Energy of Youth: A Research Team Burning Bright
Authors: Klatt Maryanna , Webster Olivia , Srinivasan Roshini , Zuber Kayla , Hausmann Madeleine , Gabram Olivia , Marchenko Nikol
Published: May 2019

More than a decade ago, tasked with the creation of an undergraduate research team in the field of integrative health and wellness, the discovery was made that undergraduate study is the perfect venue through which to ignite integrative researchers and clinicians for the future. This research team has produced a lasting impact on our university and community, at the individual, local, national, and international levels. From meager beginnings to numerous funded research projects, programs, publications, and presentations, the students have obtained invaluable skills in the field of integrative health and wellness, equipping them to be effective clinicians for our future. Team members have demonstrated collaboration and commitment and brought a variety of perspectives to our projects, which has been critical to the success of our work. Being part of this team has served to both expand their knowledge of integrative medicine and to help the students develop personally and professionally, instilling in them a dedication to the scientific method, evidence-based practice, and an integrative approach to health and wellness. Ultimately, this research team has empowered the creation of future health professionals that will contribute to the advancement of global health and wellness.
Weaker Memory Performance Exacerbates Stress-Induced Cannabis Craving in Youths’ Daily Lives
Authors: Miranda Robert , Wemm Stephanie E. , Treloar Padovano Hayley , Carpenter Ryan W. , Emery Noah N. , Gray Joshua C. , Mereish Ethan H.
Published: May 2019

Theories of addiction posit that stimuli associated with drug use, including both exteroceptive (e.g., paraphernalia) and interoceptive (e.g., feeling tense or stressed), evoke craving and contribute to the pathogenesis of substance misuse. Control over drug cue response and stress is essential for moderating use. Building from laboratory data supporting associations between cue exposure, stress, and craving, this study tested whether these associations generalize to real-world settings and examined whether a well-vetted neurocognitive control capacity (i.e., working memory, or WM) moderated associations. Youths ( N = 85; 15–24 years old) completed baseline and ecological momentary assessments. Cue exposure and participants’ average stress predicted higher craving. Youths with weaker WM experienced stronger craving at higher-stress moments but not when faced with cues. Interactions were present for both previous-moment and same-moment stress. Craving among adolescents with stronger WM was not swayed by momentary stress. Findings suggest that stronger WM protects against craving at more stressful moments.
Nurses' and Medical Officers' Knowledge, Attitude, and Preparedness Toward Potential Bioterrorism Attacks
Authors: Atakro Confidence A. , Addo Stella B. , Aboagye Janet S. , Blay Alice A. , Amoa-Gyarteng Kwaku G. , Menlah Awube , Garti Isabella , Agyare Dorcas F. , Junior Kumah K. , Sarpong Limmy
Published: May 2019

Terrorist attacks are increasingly becoming more lethal and less discriminate. The threat of bioterrorism is increasing daily. The ease of production and the broad availability of biological agents and technical know-how have led to a further spread of biological weapons and an increased desire among nations as well as terrorists to have them. Health professionals in emergency departments are expected to play crucial roles in the management of victims of bioterrorism when bioterrorism occurs. This study explored the knowledge, attitudes, and preparedness of emergency department nurses and medical officers (MOs) toward potential bioterrorist attacks in Ghana. This qualitative study utilized focus group discussions and semistructured interviews to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and preparedness of emergency department nurses and MOs toward potential bioterrorist attacks in Ghana. Data were subjected to a qualitative content analysis in which three main thematic categories were developed. These thematic categories are as follows: (a) differences in bioterrorism knowledge between emergency department nurses and emergency department MOs, (b) unprepared emergency department nurses and MOs for care during bioterrorism attacks, and (c) positive attitudes of emergency department nurses and MOs toward bioterrorism preparedness. Although emergency MOs had better knowledge of bioterrorism than their nursing counterparts, both groups of health professionals were unprepared to respond to any form of bioterrorism. Both nurses and MOs indicated the need for staff education and infrastructure readiness to be able to respond effectively to a bioterrorist attack. A well-prepared emergency department and health professionals against bioterrorism could prevent high casualty rates in a bioterrorist attack and also serve a dual purpose of dealing with other natural disasters when they occur.
Mental Health Outcomes of Discrimination among College Students on a Predominately White Campus: A Prospective Study
Authors: Jochman Joseph C. , Cheadle Jacob E. , Goosby Bridget J. , Tomaso Cara , Kozikowski Chelsea , Nelson Timothy
Published: May 2019

Racial discrimination is a social stressor harmful to mental health. In this paper, we explore the links between mental health and interpersonal discrimination-related social events, exposure to vicarious racism via social media, and rumination on racial injustices using a daily diary design. We utilize data from a racially diverse sample of 149 college students with 1,489 unique time observations at a large, predominantly white university. Results show that interpersonal discrimination-related social events predicted greater self-reported anger, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and loneliness both daily and on average over time. Vicarious racism from day to day was associated with increased anxiety symptoms. In contrast, rumination was not associated with negative mental health outcomes. These findings document an increased day-to-day mental health burden for minority students arising from frustrating and alienating social encounters experienced individually or learned about vicariously.
Effects of full transmitting-current waveforms on transient electromagnetics: Insights from modeling the Albany graphite deposit
Authors: Zeng Sihong , Hu Xiangyun , Li Jianhui , Farquharson Colin G. , Wood Peter C. , Lu Xushan , Peng Ronghua
Published: May 2019

In transient electromagnetic (TEM) methods, the full transmitting-current waveform, not just the abrupt turn-off, can have effects on the measured responses. A 3D finite-element time-domain forward-modeling solver was used to investigate these effects. This was motivated by an attempt to match, via forward-modeling, real data from the Albany graphite deposit in northern Ontario, Canada. Initial modeling results for homogeneous half-spaces illustrate the effects that a full waveform can have on TEM responses, especially the durations of the steady stage and turn-off time. For the Albany data set, a geophysical conductivity model was developed from a geologic model that itself had been constructed predominantly from drillhole information. The conductivities of the various geologic units in the model were first estimated based on typical conductivity values for the respective rock types, then adjusted to fit the measured TEM data as closely as possible. We found that the TEM responses differed significantly from the pure step-off response and that incorporating the effects of the full waveform (particularly the linear ramp turn-off) greatly improved the match between observed and computed responses, especially for the early measurement times. In addition, this Albany example illustrates the presence of sign changes in TEM data caused primarily by localized conductivity targets.
Diagenesis-driven pore fluid discrimination
Authors: Dvorkin Jack
Published: May 2019

In order to determine a direct hydrocarbon indicator in an oil field formed by low- to medium-porosity fast sandstone, we examine wireline data from four wells. Fluid substitution indicates that the sensitivity of the acoustic impedance and Poisson's ratio to oil-to-brine changes is very small. It appears, however, that due to diagenetic processes, the porosity in the brine-filled strata is noticeably smaller than that in the oil-saturated intervals. This porosity difference makes the impedance in the presence of oil noticeably smaller than that where brine is present. The respective impedance cutoff can serve as a discriminator for fluid detection in the seismically derived acoustic impedance volumes. The lesson learned is that merely relying on a rock-physics tool, such as fluid substitution, may not necessarily provide a fluid-detection recipe. Instead, we need to examine a plethora of natural events that may affect rock properties and then translate these effects into seismically detectable variables.
Assessing shale mineral composition: From lab to seismic scale
Authors: Beloborodov Roman , Pervukhina Marina , Josh Matthew , Clennell Michael B. , Hauser Juerg
Published: May 2019

Shales have always been a difficult target for drilling of deviated and horizontal wells. In the presence of azimuthal stress fields, inclined boreholes in smectite-rich shales exhibit geomechanical instabilities and can result in borehole failure. The complex geology of the major gas fields in the Northern Carnarvon Basin on the North West Shelf of Australia makes it necessary to drill deviated wells through the smectite-rich shale seal extending more than 1 km in thickness. Predicting the mineralogical composition of shales in the area is therefore crucial for the success of drilling operations related to hydrocarbon exploration and production. Here we introduce a novel workflow that combines seismic data, well logs, and laboratory measurements to rapidly infer smectite content in shale. The workflow is applied to the Duyfken 3D seismic survey in the central part of the Northern Carnarvon Basin. The results of our quantitative interpretation are verified against the laboratory X-ray diffraction measurements from the test well that was not used for interpretation, and they match the test data well within the determined uncertainty bounds.
Who Votes for Medicaid Expansion? Lessons from Maine's 2017 Referendum
Authors: Matsa David A. , Miller Amalia R.
Published: May 2019

Context: In November 2017, Maine became the first state in the nation to vote on a key provision of the Affordable Care Act: the expansion of Medicaid.

Methods: This study merged official election results from localities across Maine with Census Bureau and American Hospital Association data to identify characteristics of areas that support Medicaid expansion.

Findings: Places with more bachelor's degree holders more often vote in favor, whereas those with more associate's degree graduates tend to vote against. Conditional on education rates, areas with more uninsured individuals who would qualify for expanded coverage tend to vote in favor, while those with more high-income individuals tend to vote against. Also conditional on education rates, greater hospital employment is associated with support for expansion, but the presence of other health professionals, whose incomes might decrease from expansion, is associated with less support.

Conclusions: Voting patterns are mostly consistent with economic self-interest, except for the sizable association of bachelor's degree holders with support for Medicaid expansion. Direct democracy can shift Medicaid policy: extrapolating to other states, the model predicts that hypothetical referenda would pass in 5 of the 18 states that had not yet expanded Medicaid at the time of Maine's vote.
Attitudes about research among Allied Medical Students enrolled in speech and hearing undergraduate program
Authors: Alhaidary Abdulsalam
Published: May 2019

Objective: To investigate students’ attitudes toward research during their pre-professional training.

Methods: The study collected survey data from 31 undergraduate students enrolled in speech and hearing undergraduate program at the College of Applied Medical Sciences at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The data were collected at the beginning of a research methodology course over two consecutive terms. The study used a 32-item questionnaire listed in the Likert scale, and it measured students’ perspectives about research across five sub-scales: usefulness of research, research anxiety, research difficulty, life relevancy of research, and attitude toward research.

Results: The findings showed that students favorably perceived research with average factor ratings ranging from 4.10 to 5.54 out of 7. Also, the study found that the usefulness of research, life relevancy of research, and attitude toward research were correlated highly.

Conclusions: The current study suggests that students’ favorable attitudes toward research may be due, in part, to perceiving research as relevant and useful to their lives and careers.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.571

How to cite this:Alhaidary A. Attitudes about research among Allied Medical Students enrolled in speech and hearing undergraduate program. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(3):709-714. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.571

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Comida, imigrações e imaginários urbanos em cidades globais
Authors: Pires da Rocha Carla , Sílvia Rial Carmen
Published: May 2019

O texto explora a comida na constituição de imaginários urbanos a partir de imigrantes em cidades globais, levando em conta o caso da cidade de Amsterdã (Países Baixos), e é fio condutor do período atual da globalização e correlativa intensificação de diferentes fluxos. Ressalta a heterogeneidade das migrações contemporâneas e mostra como o cosmopolitismo, visto sobretudo a partir de uma dinâmica de diversidade cultural, torna-se um conceito fundamental para compreender como vêm se constituindo determinados imaginários urbanos, em especial aqueles associados à comida.
Usos do conector EXCETO: um panorama sob a perspectiva da Linguística Funcional Centrada no Uso
Authors: Rosário Ivo Costa , Moreira Fabiana Félix Duarte
Published: May 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho é traçar um panorama dos usos do conector exceto (e formas compostas – exceto que, exceto se, exceto quando), seus principais traços morfossintáticos e valores semânticos. A análise do objeto se dá à luz da perspectiva da Linguística Funcional Centrada no Uso, adotando-se os pressupostos teóricos de CROFT (2001), GOLDBERG (1995, 2006), GOLDERG; CASENHISER (2010), KORTMANN (1997) e TROUSDALE (2008). Com base em um corpus de língua real do português brasileiro, atestamos sete diferentes padrões para as construções de exceção instanciadas pelo conector exceto: três padrões não oracionais (exceto + SN, exceto + SPrep e exceto + SAdv) e quatro oracionais (exceto + quando, exceto + se, exceto + que e exceto + infinitivo). Com base nessas afirmações, postulamos a existência e a produtividade das construções de exceção no português do Brasil.
O papel de O dia dos prodígios, de Lídia Jorge, na fundação da prosa portuguesa contemporânea
Authors: Dunder Mauro
Published: May 2019

Este artigo apresenta considerações a respeito de O dia dos prodígios (1980), romance de estreia da escritora portuguesa Lídia Jorge, e seu estabelecimento como um dos romances fundadores da prosa contemporânea daquela literatura. Por apresentar aspectos inovadores, os quais apontam para um processo de ruptura com a geração que o antecedeu, O dia dos prodígios foi considerado pelo filósofo Eduardo Lourenço como um romance-chave para compreender a Revolução dos Cravos (1974) e suas consequências, com o distanciamento de seis anos em relação ao levante. A partir dessa constatação, este artigo discutirá os principais aspectos transformadores do romance, no sentido de confirmar seu caráter fundador, o qual, diga-se, se dá em conjunto com outras obras publicadas em seu entorno temporal.
LETRAMENTO CRÍTICO, ENSINO DE LÍNGUAS ESTRANGEIRAS E QUESTÕES FILOSÓFICAS: DIÁLOGOS COM BOURDIEU E DERRIDA / Critical literacy, foreign language teaching and philosophical questions: dialogues with Bourdieu and Derrida
Authors: Mulik Katia Bruginski , Dos Reis Elaine Íris
Published: May 2019

Este artigo aborda a noção de letramento como proposta educacional (FÁVARO, 2012; SOARES, 2007) tendo em vista as mudanças ocasionadas pela globalização nas relações  culturais, econômicas, sociais e tecnológicas que demandam novos papéis do professor no espaço escolar. Nosso estudo é de caráter teórico o qual nos voltamos para a noção de Letramento Crítico (LC) no contexto do ensino de línguas estrangeiras relacionando-o com as teorias dos filósofos Derrida e Bourdieu a partir de noções filosóficas como desconstrução e habitus, pois, estes aspectos filosóficos podem auxiliar o professor, de modo que suas práticas educacionais sejam repensadas e que elas tenham um novo modo de significação, por meio às noções de linguagem, interpretação, construção de sentido (MENEZES DE SOUZA, 2011; MONTE MÓR, 2013). O ensino de língua estrangeira (LE), pela perspectiva do LC, implica num trabalho pedagógico voltado para práticas leituras de mundo de diferentes discursos de forma aprofundada, levando em conta o papel ativo do leitor na construção desses sentidos dentro e fora da escola, a fim de buscar a formação crítica dos alunos. O ambiente de aprendizagem deve ser pensado como um espaço de conhecimento construído mediante negociação aberta e permanente desses sentidos. Concluímos que as teorias, dos já citados filósofos, podem trazer contribuições significativas para aqueles que estudam o desenvolvimento da criticidade  no ensino de língua estrangeira.
THE WALKYRIA EFFECT: INSPIRING TRANSNATIONAL LANGUAGE TEACHER EDUCATION / O efeito Walkyria: inspirando a educação transnacional de professores de idiomas
Authors: Morgan Brian , Martin Ian , Maciel Ruberval Franco
Published: May 2019

The three authors have many points of common interest and collaboration starting with their participation in the Novos Letramentos and Brazil-Canada Knowledge Exchange (BRCAKE) Projects, leading to a partnership agreement between their respective institutions (Glendon College, Universidade Estadual Mato Grosso do Sul). Walkyria Monte Mor has been an inspiring scholar, mentor and friend in the conceptualization and development of these projects. Utilizing a duoethnographic research approach (Norris & Sawyer, 2012; Breault, 2016) the authors will explore Monte Mor’s scholarly and interpersonal contributions to their emergent understanding of transnational language teacher education.
Lunacy revived? Evidence of lunar influence on sleep and implications for mental health
Authors: McCrae Niall
Published: May 2019

For millennia, people have associated the Moon with human behaviour. The concept of lunacy is derived from a presumed destabilising effect on the mind, although there is limited evidence of such causation. Recent sleep research has renewed interest in lunar influence, showing qualitative and quantitative changes in sleep at full moon. This brief review of studies measuring sleep in relation to the lunar cycle discusses possible impact on mental health and presents implications for further study.
Reflection and mental health nursing. Part one: is reflection important?
Authors: Fowler John
Published: May 2019

In this new series, John Fowler, a noted nursing author, will explore the use of reflection in mental health nursing. Over the next eight issues, John will be examining some of the techniques that mental health nurses can use to aid their own reflection and how reflection can be applied to clinical practice and management. The series will cover portfolios, reflective learning, reflective evidence, the use of feedback and reflection in all aspects of life.