bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
8. Perceiving how they listen
Authors: Weizsäcker Georg
Published: November 2023

Chapter 8, analogously, turns to the “second-order talking belief”, describing what the talker believes about the listener’s first-order listening belief. Comparing it to the second-order listening belief of the previous chapter, it is noteworthy that he reasoning about the other interlocutor’s first-order beliefs differs quite a bit between the two roles. For instance, the talker can anticipate that the listener can condition on the fact that a particular statement is chosen, but not vice versa. Due to this difference, the talker may use ostension, i.e., point to a particular context and highlight its relevance.
9. In higher order
Authors: Weizsäcker Georg
Published: November 2023

Chapter 9 argues that the previous chapters discussions of beliefs, which includes only first-order beliefs and second-order beliefs, is exhaustive enough to stop the analysis here. Thinking about beliefs of third and higher order would be fascinating, but one may skip it nevertheless. Among other things, this has to do with the empirical nature of the book’s questions: any effects of higher-order beliefs would have to show up on the radar of measuring lower-order beliefs. Yet, the chapter ventures into an excursion to higher-order-belief space, making a connection of the book’s content with a language-philosophic definition of meaning.
11. Bibliography and further reading
Authors: Weizsäcker Georg
Published: November 2023

Chapter 11 guides the reader to related literatures.
Safety and Effectiveness of an Anti-Xa-based Unfractionated Heparin Protocol for Impella Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Devices
Authors: Berman Sarah Emma , Lozano Lauren , Kitten Amanda , Lusk Kathleen , Franco-Martinez Crystal , Hopper Stephanie , Prasad Anand
Published: November 2023

Background: Impella devices are used for mechanical circulatory support in patients with cardiogenic shock or those undergoing high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Anticoagulation protocols in this population are not well established and are complicated by concomitant use of purge solutions containing unfractionated heparin (UFH) and intravenous UFH continuous infusion (CI) for systemic anticoagulation. Objectives: To evaluate thrombotic and bleeding complications when using a novel UFH protocol with a reduced initial UFH CI dose of 6 units/kg/hour targeting an anti-Xa goal of 0.3 to 0.5 units/mL in patients receiving Impella support. Methods: This single-center, retrospective study included 41 patients on Impella support who received an UFH purge solution and/or an IV UFH infusion. The primary outcome was overall composite bleeding. Secondary outcomes included thrombotic events and systemic UFH exposure. An exploratory analysis was performed to identify risk factors for bleeding. Results: Anti-Xa values were in therapeutic range 46% of the time while on support (interquartile range 16.6%-75%), with a median IV UFH dose of 6 units/kg/hour. The overall bleeding rate was 29.2%, with 6 minor bleeds and 2 major bleeds with no fatal bleeding or intracranial hemorrhage. Rate of overall thrombosis was 4.9%, including 1 ischemic stroke and 1 occurrence of limb ischemia. Conclusion: Use of a modified UFH protocol to target an anti-Xa goal of 0.3 to 0.5 units/mL resulted in bleeding and thrombotic event rates similar to previous literature. This protocol utilizing an initial rate of 6 units/kg/hour may be a useful approach to achieve therapeutic anticoagulation while accounting for UFH exposure from the purge solution and minimizing need for frequent calculations.
The US non-intersectional asylum policies are outdated
Authors: Oren Tanzilya
Published: November 2023

The current immigration policies and problematic definitions are unfair to people seeking protection in the United States and elsewhere. Non-intersectional policies go against the work ethos of social workers. At the same time, without any federal support for asylum seekers and disparate state and city services, asylum seekers are denied fundamental human rights. Social workers are now pushed to work more closely with asylum seekers. They should thoroughly understand the structural issues around asylum policies and engage in policy advocacy to change outdated and unidimensional laws.
Numerical generation of omnistrain failure envelopes
Authors: Elalfy Mohamed H. , Abdalla Mostafa M. , Abuelfoutouh Nader
Published: November 2023

Traditional failure criteria for composites are usually formulated in material coordinates and depend on all three inplane stresses, hence failure evaluation depends on the ply angle. The omnistrain failure envelope describes the most critical failure envelope in strain space irrespective of ply orientation. This independence of ply orientation leads to an isotropic failure criterion that depends only on the principal strains. Omnistrain envelopes greatly simplify the task of design and optimisation of composite laminates. This paper proposes a numerical technique to generate omnistrain failure envelopes for different composite failure criteria. The failure index, describing how far a point in strain space is from the failure boundary, is used to describe the failure surface. Assuming convexity of the failure surface, a set of points is generated on the surface, and the convex hull algorithm is used to generate a polygonal approximation of the failure surface. Representing strains in terms of principal strains and the angle between the principal and material coordinates, allows us to eliminate the angle analytically by considering the worst case condition. The omnistrain envelope is thus directly generated from the approximate three-dimensional failure surface. The proposed algorithm does not require analytic expressions of the failure surface. An adaptive algorithm is proposed to generate the omnistrain envelope with relatively small number of points. As demonstration of the proposed algorithm, the omnistrain envelopes for various composite materials are generated for a number of composite failure criteria. The omnistrain envelopes generated for the Tsai-Wu criteria accurately match to existing analytic expressions.
Do Declining Enrollments Predict Teacher Turnover in Music?
Authors: Elpus Kenneth , Miller David S.
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential relationship between student enrollment trends in elective secondary music ensembles and music ensemble teacher job turnover. Although student enrollment is widely accepted as an important concern for music educators and a crude proxy measure of music teacher quality, these normative beliefs have not been thoroughly examined empirically. This study tested these beliefs using data from a State Longitudinal Data System to link statewide high school student ensemble enrollment data to teacher workforce data for the academic years 2012 to 2013 through 2019 to 2020. Two-way fixed effects estimators with logistic and multinomial logistic regression showed that decreasing enrollments in high school music ensembles predict music teachers’ departure from the profession. A comparative interrupted time-series analysis showed that a change in music teacher does not significantly affect the future enrollment trend of a high school music ensemble program. An exploratory analysis examining the postteaching careers of former high school music teachers showed that the majority of music teachers who exited the profession earned considerably higher wages in their new careers. The authors conclude by discussing the implications of the results for music teachers, music administrators, music teacher education, and future research.
The End of Life Accompanied by COVID-19: A Qualitative Study on Changes in Behavior and Stigmatization of the Grieving Families in Peru (Part II)
Authors: Moya-Salazar Jeel , Cañari Betsy , Zuñiga Nahomi , Jaime-Quispe Alexis , Contreras-Pulache Hans
Published: November 2023

The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 has led to changes in every aspect of life and death. In Peru, where the longest quarantine has occurred with suboptimal results, the rituals have been turned around, impacting the relatives in multiple aspects. Here, we used a qualitative approach to analyze unresolved grief, hygiene changes, and stigma through semi-structured, online (Google Meet) interviews with 15 participants aged 20–72, who had lost family members to COVID-19. The recorded and transcribed interviews were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Most participants had unresolved grief due to the blocking of funeral rituals, which could predispose them to prolonged mourning. After the loss of relatives, hygiene measures will be improved to avoid infections and new deaths in every family, while most participants felt no stigma in their milieu, since their relatives accompanied them during the funeral, supporting them from afar. It is important that interventions are implemented to prevent the progression of grief by providing mental health opportunities for the bereaved.
Walking an EmotionalTightrope: Examining the Carceral Emotion Culture(s) of Federal Prisons for Women in Canada
Authors: Fayter Rachel , Kilty Jennifer M.
Published: November 2023

This article examines the role of solidarity as a centrally distinguishing feature of two distinct emotion culture(s) operating in federal prisons for women in Canada. We explore the social interactions between correctional officers and inmates and among criminalized women to understand how group cohesion is shaped by the power dynamics between these groups in the prison environment. For correctional officers, solidarity facilitates difficult aspects of their work and enables them to behave antagonistically towards inmates. Despite prison staff's efforts to disrupt prisoner solidarity, solidarity serves two key functions for criminalized women–emotional coping and resistance to systemic oppression.
Can Peripheral Group Members Not Represent the In-Group? The Effect of Member Prototypicality on Intergroup Conflict
Authors: Hong Xinwei , Liu Peng , Zhu Zhuan , Lv Haiyan , Liu Shen , Zhang Lin
Published: November 2023

Group member prototypicality is a factor in intergroup conflict—not all group members fight for group interests. This study focuses on the role of peripheral group members and the factors that influence their participation. We conducted two studies to examine the effects of group acceptance and self-uncertainty on the relationship between prototypicality and intergroup conflict. Results indicate that group acceptance moderates the relationship between prototypicality and intergroup conflict. Self-uncertainty moderates the effect of the interaction between prototypicality and group acceptance on intergroup conflict. Our findings have theoretical and practical implications for intergroup conflict resolution.
An improved compact-form antisaturation model-free adaptive control algorithm for a class of nonlinear systems with time delays
Authors: Wu Lipu , Li Zhen , Liu Shida , Li Zhijun , Sun Dehui
Published: November 2023

To solve the time-delay problem and actuator saturation problem of nonlinear plants in industrial processes, an improved compact-form antisaturation model-free adaptive control (ICF-AS-MFAC) method is proposed in this work. The ICF-AS-MFAC scheme is based on the concept of the pseudo partial derivative (PPD) and adopts equivalent dynamic linearization technology. Then, a tracking differentiator is used to predict the future output of a time-delay system to effectively control the system. Additionally, the concept of the saturation parameter is proposed, and the ICF-AS-MFAC controller is designed to ensure that the control system will not exhibit actuator saturation. The proposed algorithm is more flexible, has faster output responses for time-delay systems, and solves the problem of actuator saturation. The convergence and stability of the proposed method are rigorously proven mathematically. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by numerical simulations, and the applicability of the proposed method is verified by a series of experimental results based on double tanks.
Recent advances in recycling technologies for waste textile fabrics: a review
Authors: Baloyi Rivalani Baloyi , Gbadeyan Oluwatoyin Joseph , Sithole Bruce , Chunilall Viren
Published: November 2023

The fast fashion trends in the textile industry have resulted in high consumption of fiber with concomitant generation of waste. Awareness of environmental pollution resulting from textile production and disposal has increased significantly. This increase has pushed research activities toward more sustainable recycling alternatives to properly handle the end-of-life of textiles. This review provides an overview of existing technologies, the latest developments, and research studies on the recycling technologies employed in the textile industry. Different types of recycling—mechanical, chemical, and biochemical recycling of standard fabrics used in garments, cotton, wool, polyester, polyamide 6 6, and acrylic—are explored. Recent advances in recycling technologies such as advanced sorting techniques, innovative chemical processing, and emerging biochemical processes are revealed. The review also highlights efforts being made by various agencies and companies in facilitating and employing the technologies on a commercial scale. Various methods for efficient textile waste sorting and identification are also discussed. The reviewed studies revealed that most recycling technologies were conducted on post-industrial textile waste, which tends to be homogenous in the types of dyes and fibers present in the waste. It also suggested that post-consumer textiles could be recycled using chemical and biological options that have the potential to valorize the waste into high-value products.
Public Service Motivation and Job Satisfaction Amid COVID-19: Exploring the Effects of Work Environment Changes
Authors: Lee Seulki , Na Chongmin
Published: November 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought critical changes to job demands and resources, which in turn affect employee motivation and outcomes. This study explores how COVID-19–induced work intensity and COVID-19–related organizational support influence public service motivation (PSM) and job satisfaction. Using survey data from a nationally representative sample of 1,430 South Korean central government employees collected during the pandemic (May–June 2020), we find that COVID-19–induced work intensity is positively associated with PSM, which in turn has a positive association with job satisfaction. We also find that COVID-19–related organizational support has both direct and indirect associations with job satisfaction through PSM. These findings underscore the importance of organizational support in times of widespread crisis and invite further investigation of PSM during the COVID-19 pandemic using an institutional approach to PSM.
The Airplane and the Imperial City: A Brief History of Seattle and American Empire
Authors: Hedden Andrew
Published: November 2023

This essay explores airplane manufacturing in twentieth-century Seattle to trace the correspondence between major developmental moments in the city’s history and broader transitional moments in American empire. In doing so, it argues that Seattle is best understood as an imperial city characterized by four ongoing features: extensive connections beyond the city’s nominal borders; sustained alliance between private commercial interests and the state that made such connections possible; a built environment of technological infrastructure made to serve that alliance; and labor forces, segmented by race, subject to the evolving needs of empire.
Judging Importance before Checking Correctness: Quick Opinions in Mathematical Peer Review
Authors: Greiffenhagen Christian
Published: November 2023

Peer review has never been a uniform practice but is now more diverse than ever. Despite a vast literature, little is known of how different disciplines organize peer review. This paper draws on ninety-five qualitative interviews with editors and publishers and several hundred written reports to analyze the organization of peer review in pure mathematics. This article focuses on the practice of “quick opinions” at top journals in mathematics: asking (senior) experts about a paper’s importance, and only after positive evaluation sending the paper for a full review (which most importantly means checking the paper’s correctness). Quick opinions constitute a form of “importance only” peer review and are thus the opposite of the “soundness only” approach at mega-journals such as PLOS ONE. Quick opinions emerged in response to increasing submissions and the fact that checking correctness in mathematics is particularly time-consuming. Quick opinions are informal and are often only addressed to editors. They trade on, indeed reinforce, a journal hierarchy, where journal names are often used as a “members’ measurement system” to characterize importance. Finally, quick opinions highlight that a key function of the peer-reviewed journal today, apart from validation and filtration, is “designation”—giving authors items on their CV.
The critical dimension of Brandom’s normative pragmatism
Authors: Rey Santiago
Published: November 2023

For all of Brandom’s self-professed allegiance to Hegel, there is something perplexing about his fixation on semantic and epistemological issues at the expense of the type of social and political considerations that are at the heart of Hegel’s system. However, and although Brandom himself concedes that his work is circumscribed to a number of highly specialized and technical issues in the philosophy of mind and language, the truth is that his views often radiate to other philosophical fields, if not always explicitly. My claim in this article is that at the heart of Brandom’s semantic theory, there are elements of a critical project, one that offers a normative standpoint to judge and improve our current practices. Moreover, these progressive features of Brandom’s normative pragmatics should be seen in the light of his adoption of a series of hermeneutic themes, ultimately culminating in his recollective conception of rationality and his edifying view of semantics.
How Does the Digital Economy Drive High-Quality Regional Development? New Evidence From China
Authors: Guo Ying , Jiang Fuxin
Published: November 2023

The digital economy, which boasts general technology, intense penetration, platform ecology, and low marginal cost, is a product of advanced digital technology. This new engine has become a driving force for high-quality economic development. From the three aspects of development momentum, efficiency, and structure, this paper profoundly explores internal mechanisms to lead the high-quality growth of the regional economy. By constructing an econometric model, the influence effect and means of the digital economy on the high-quality development of the regional economy are empirically tested. The digital economy and its three sub-dimensions can significantly promote the high-quality development of the regional economy. However, industrial digitalization has the most vital role in promoting it. The digital economy has shown a more vital promotion role in the central and western regions and provinces with low total factor productivity, and it can indirectly impact high-quality economic development by promoting dynamic, efficient, and structural changes.
Affect as Community Connectedness: Re-Framing Weight-Related Stigma and Disordered Eating Online
Authors: Papaioannou Tao , Monaghan Lee F.
Published: November 2023

This article examines how affect, as community connectedness, is strategized by an influencer with her audiences when re-framing weight-related stigma and disordered eating online. An analysis of plus-size model Tess Holliday's Instagram posts ( n = 212) identifies four main frames: (1) disclosing experiences of body-shaming/blaming/stigmatization as “our pain,” (2) collaborating with fellow influencers in de-stigmatizing disordered eating among (fat) women, (3) engaging audiences in validating body diversity, and (4) defending their community against hate comments. The analysis foregrounds the action of emotion when exploring affective community-building strategies and project stigma in a context depicted as “authentic” and “intimate.” The article concludes by noting some limitations with influencer strategies and this study before offering suggestions for future research.
Moving from “balancing” to “blending”: The role of identity integration for working parents
Authors: Manzi Claudia , Donato Silvia , Lagomarsino Francesca , Pacilli Maria G. , Pagliaro Stefano , Rania Nadia
Published: November 2023

Successful identity integration processes are fundamental for the well-being of working parents during stressful circumstances. In two studies we analyzed the associations between Parent–Work Identity Integration (PWII), workload, care-load, and parents’ work problems in a sample of individual working parents in Italy ( N = 326 individuals; Study 1), and those between work–life conflict, task-sharing between partners, PWII, and parents’ intention to leave their job and mental health in a sample of mixed-sex working couples with school-aged children ( N = 97 couples, Study 2). Finally, we examined gender differences in all the above associations. Study 1 results showed that parents dissatisfied with care-load distribution within the couple and those with higher workload also reported more problems at work, and these effects were fully mediated by PWII. Moreover, Study 2 showed that care-load distribution is only associated with women’s PWII and, indirectly, their well-being and their intention to leave their job. Moreover, parents’ lower work-life conflict was associated with higher PWII and, in turn, to better mental health and lower intention to leave their job. The effects of work-life conflict were also found to cross-over onto the partner’s well-being. Promoting working parents’ ability to harmoniously blend their work and parental identities, in addition to balance conflicting demands between work and life, appears crucial for intervention.
Dominance and prestige in romantic relationships: Actor and partner links to relationship quality
Authors: Körner Robert , Murphy Brett A. , Zverling Erez , Sha’ked Ami , Schütz Astrid
Published: November 2023

Dominance and prestige reflect different forms of power and can affect relationship outcomes. Whereas dominance is a conflict-oriented way of dealing with people and grabbing status, prestige is derived from respect and esteem that is granted by others due to superior skills and knowledge. In this research, we tested three partially competing perspectives on potential associations of dominance and prestige with relationship quality (RQ). Sociobiological perspectives suggest that both concepts ensure the provision of valuable resources, and thus predict that both dominance and prestige would be positively linked to RQ. From a sociocultural perspective, men are expected to be dominant and prestigious whereas being dominant (and perhaps being prestigious) would violate the feminine gender-role stereotype; thus, both variables should relate positively to RQ only for men. From a personality perspective, dominance is characterized by undesirable attributes, whereas prestige is characterized by more desirable attributes; as such, only prestige should be positively related to RQ. We conducted four studies with individuals in romantic relationships in three different countries (Germany, Israel, and the US; Ntotal = 2,010 participants). The participants completed measures of dominance-prestige (as general attributes, as relationship-specific attributes, or in comparison with their partner) and measures of RQ. Although not entirely consistent across studies, our results were most consistent with the personality-based perspective. Prestige seems to benefit a relationship for both actors and partners whereas dominance is detrimental to relationship happiness. Yet, as some results showed that the negative link between dominance and RQ was stronger for women than for men, and the positive link between prestige and RQ was weaker for women than for men; thus some weak support for the sociocultural perspective was also found.
The impact of informatization on the urban-rural income gap: An empirical investigation of China
Authors: Li Hanjin , Tian Hu , Rabbi Muhammad Ahsan
Published: November 2023

Informatization has changed people's production and lifestyle through the application of information technology, which provides a breakthrough point for solving the urban-rural income gap problem. This paper uses panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2020 to measure the level of information technology development in each province of China using the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method and empirically tests the impact and mechanism of the level of information technology on the urban-rural income gap through a panel effects model. It is found that: the level of informatization significantly reduces the urban-rural income gap, and the results still hold after robustness tests; the level of informatization may indirectly affect the urban-rural income gap through technological progress; there is significant regional heterogeneity in the level of informatization development on the urban-rural income gap, with the degree of influence showing a decreasing trend from the eastern coast to the western inland.
Measuring improvements of the education system in the COVID-19 pandemic – A case study of Serbia
Authors: Rajković Teodora , Lečić-Cvetković Danica , Perović Jovana , Petković Jasna
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this paper is the comparative analysis of traditional education and e-learning by the application of key performance indicators. The general objective of the study is to indicate the advantages and disadvantages of traditional education and e-learning through the analysis and comparison of these two forms of education by applying defined key performance indicators. The research was carried out in 15 gymnasiums and vocational high schools in the Republic of Serbia, with a sample of 11.204 students (the school year 2018–19) and 11.251 students (the school year 2019–20). The results of the research and conducted comparative analysis presented in this paper indicate that e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic has significant advantages over traditional education, such as a reduction in the percentage of students who were sent to the make-up exam and who did not complete the school year, a reduction of the number of imposed disciplinary measures and absences from classes per student at the end of the school year and an increasing percentage of excellent students at the school level at the end of the school year. Based on the results, recommendations for improving the education process by implementing e-learning in developing countries are proposed. This paper presents a valuable resource for educators and scholars in defining the elements that can improve student learning outcomes, motivation and satisfaction levels.
Health-related quality of life assessment instruments for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation survivors: A scoping review
Authors: Yu Anqi , Zhang Meng , Wang Yi , Yan Li , Guo Chunling , Deng Juan , Xiong Jie
Published: November 2023

Background and Objective

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been successfully and widely used in adult patients for the past 5 years. About 50% of these patients can survive and are discharged from hospitals. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is crucial for evaluating survived ECMO patients. This scoping review aims to identify instruments commonly used to measure HRQOL of ECMO survivors and give pertinent instrument characteristics.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE (OVID), MEDLINE (OVID), CINAHL (EBSCO), Cochrane Library, and three Chinese databases from January 2012 to December 2021. Two reviewers independently reviewed publication selection and data extraction.

Results

Twenty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies (93%) were cross-sectional, and the median (or average) follow-up time ranged from 3 months to 9 years. Two prospective studies (7%) followed patients longitudinally until 1 year after discharge. ECMO survivors had poorer long-term HRQOL than the general population. However, it is comparable to or better than patients with other critical or chronic illnesses. Identified HRQOL assessment instruments show four generic HRQOL instruments, one disease-specific HRQOL instrument, and nineteen single-dimensional instruments. Seven instruments were used in more than three articles. SF-36 (86.2%), IES/IES-R (41.4%), and HADS (37.9%) were the most frequently used instruments.

Conclusion

The timing, frequency, and tools for HRQOL assessment of ECMO survivors are variable. No ECMO-specific HRQOL instrument was developed and validated. Further studies on assessment instruments are warranted. Research is also needed to identify interventions that may enhance HRQOL in ECMO survivors.
Community and the voluntary sector in a pandemic: The significant role of a local football club
Authors: McNiven Alan , Harris John
Published: November 2023

The COVID-19 crisis highlighted the important ways that communities can support each other in and across neighbourhoods. Volunteers played a fundamental role assisting individuals with basic needs and with keeping people connected. In a number of different settings, volunteering is part of everyday life for many people, making a huge and often hidden contribution to the lives of individuals and communities. This paper looks at the specific case of a community football club in Scotland who played a significant role in engaging with its local populace and becoming a focal point for people during a very challenging period. The case study club looked at here were like many Third Sector agencies and community groups the ‘go to’ agencies for local council’s during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Many social, community organisations adapted quickly to undertake a huge range of critical roles in neighbourhoods such as food distribution and prescription delivery services. This paper suggests that these types of locally owned and operated ‘hubs’ may offer the best opportunities for important co-designed and co-delivered services, accessible to all.
Legacies and impacts of sports mega-events in Brazil: São Paulo as a host city for football matches
Authors: Romano Fillipe Soares , Vico Roberto Paolo , Uvinha Ricardo Ricci
Published: November 2023

Football is an integral part of Brazil’s historical-cultural process, and tourism represents one of the segments deeply impacted by the occurrence of sporting mega-events. The present study aims to present and critically reflect on the main legacies and impacts that these events brought to the Brazilian population. This paper is based on notes surrounding the legacies put forward for the city of São Paulo. To do this, information gathering lends to suggestions that help situate future planning and organization. The purpose of this paper concerns sociocultural and economic futures and the role of tourism and events for local communities based on the current realities and challenges in Brazil. The article is based on a qualitative approach, where descriptive and explanatory information is triangulated. This study utilizes a range of methods, employing a combination of bibliographic research, documentary analysis, and content analysis to frame the base of the research. Moreover, we use field research techniques such as semi-structured interviews with managers, questionnaires administered to residents, interviews with local representatives, direct observation, and active participation in events held at the main stadium associated with sport mega-events in São Paulo, namely, the Neo Química Arena. Noteworthy findings demonstrate a discrepancy between the objectives pursued by host city planners, who strive to maximize the positive legacies encompassing local infrastructure, stadiums, and the city’s image, and the experiences reported by local residents, who have encountered negative impacts and legacies resulting from the same sport mega-event. These adverse effects include issues such as flooding, gentrification, exclusion from decision-making processes, and real estate speculation. Stadiums are considered the greatest tangible legacies of sport mega-events, although their construction and maintenance costs are questionable. The participation of local residents seems to be essential in the promotion, knowledge, appropriation, belonging, support, and transparency in all phases of the mega-event planning.
Recovery needs and psychosocial rehabilitation trajectory of stroke survivors (PReTS): A qualitative systematic review of systematic reviews
Authors: Shaik Muhammad Amin , Choo Ping Ying , Tan-Ho Geraldine , Lee Jimmy Chee-Keong , Ho Andy Hau Yan
Published: November 2023

Objective

Stroke has a major impact on a person's life. While much research exists on stroke prevention and treatment, explorations into psychosocial recovery needs are lacking. This review critically consolidates the challenges and needs of stroke survivors and develops a trajectory that encapsulates their journey from illness to recovery.

Data sources

Six major databases were searched, including Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, Global Health, Medline, PsycArticles, and PsycINFO.

Methods

This review adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and employed the PICo (population, phenomena of interest, context) framework to screen for relevant qualitative reviews published between 1 January 2010 and 31 August 2023. Following full-text screening and the assessment of methodological quality using a modified version of the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews scale, a total of 17 reviews were included for thematic synthesis.

Results

Included reviews referenced 400 qualitative primary studies involving more than 5623 stroke survivors. Data synthesis revealed 18 themes that were further organized into six conceptual categories: (1) The unfamiliar body, (2) compassionate healthcare system, (3) holistic rehabilitation, (4) intrapersonal strength, (5) interpersonal relations, and (6) thriving forward to form the psychosocial rehabilitation trajectory of stroke survivor (PReTS) model. The model recognizes the losses that can occur after a stroke and emphasizes the essentiality of addressing psycho-socio-emotional and spiritual needs alongside physical impairments.

Conclusion

The PReTS model is the first to highlight stroke survivors’ losses, recovery journeys, and psychosocial needs. The conceptualization serves to inform and advance stroke rehabilitation practices with holistic and wellness recovery research.
Post-stroke brain can be protected by modulating the lncRNA FosDT
Authors: Mehta Suresh L , Chelluboina Bharath , Morris-Blanco Kahlilia C , Bathula Saivenkateshkomal , Jeong Soomin , Arruri Vijay , Davis Charles K , Vemuganti Raghu
Published: November 2023

We previously showed that knockdown or deletion of Fos downstream transcript (FosDT; a stroke-induced brain-specific long noncoding RNA) is neuroprotective. We presently tested the therapeutic potential of FosDT siRNA in rodents subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) using the Stroke Treatment Academic Industry Roundtable criteria, including sex, age, species, and comorbidity. FosDT siRNA (IV) given at 30 min of reperfusion significantly improved motor function recovery (rotarod test, beam walk test, and adhesive removal test) and reduced infarct size in adult and aged spontaneously hypertensive rats of both sexes. FosDT siRNA administered in a delayed fashion (3.5 h of reperfusion following 1 h transient MCAO) also significantly improved motor function recovery and decreased infarct volume. Furthermore, FosDT siRNA enhanced post-stroke functional recovery in normal and diabetic mice. Mechanistically, FosDT triggered post-ischemic neuronal damage via the transcription factor REST as REST siRNA mitigated the enhanced functional outcome in FosDT−/− rats. Additionally, NF-κB regulated FosDT expression as NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7082 significantly decreased post-ischemic FosDT induction. Thus, FosDT is a promising target with a favorable therapeutic window to mitigate secondary brain damage and facilitate recovery after stroke regardless of sex, age, species, and comorbidity.
Active preference-based Gaussian process regression for reward learning and optimization
Authors: Bıyık Erdem , Huynh Nicolas , Kochenderfer Mykel J. , Sadigh Dorsa
Published: November 2023

Designing reward functions is a difficult task in AI and robotics. The complex task of directly specifying all the desirable behaviors a robot needs to optimize often proves challenging for humans. A popular solution is to learn reward functions using expert demonstrations. This approach, however, is fraught with many challenges. Some methods require heavily structured models, for example, reward functions that are linear in some predefined set of features, while others adopt less structured reward functions that may necessitate tremendous amounts of data. Moreover, it is difficult for humans to provide demonstrations on robots with high degrees of freedom, or even quantifying reward values for given trajectories. To address these challenges, we present a preference-based learning approach, where human feedback is in the form of comparisons between trajectories. We do not assume highly constrained structures on the reward function. Instead, we employ a Gaussian process to model the reward function and propose a mathematical formulation to actively fit the model using only human preferences. Our approach enables us to tackle both inflexibility and data-inefficiency problems within a preference-based learning framework. We further analyze our algorithm in comparison to several baselines on reward optimization, where the goal is to find the optimal robot trajectory in a data-efficient way instead of learning the reward function for every possible trajectory. Our results in three different simulation experiments and a user study show our approach can efficiently learn expressive reward functions for robotic tasks, and outperform the baselines in both reward learning and reward optimization.
The “Fluid Jacobian”: Modeling force-motion relationships in fluid-driven soft robots
Authors: Remy C. David , Brei Zachary , Bruder Daniel , Remy Jan , Buffinton Keith , Gillespie R. Brent
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we introduce the concept of the Fluid Jacobian, which provides a description of the power transmission that operates between the fluid and mechanical domains in soft robotic systems. It can be understood as a generalization of the traditional kinematic Jacobian that relates the joint space torques and velocities to the task space forces and velocities of a robot. In a similar way, the Fluid Jacobian relates fluid pressure to task space forces and fluid flow to task space velocities. In addition, the Fluid Jacobian can also be regarded as a generalization of the piston cross-sectional area in a fluid-driven cylinder that extends to complex geometries and multiple dimensions. In the following, we present a theoretical derivation of this framework, focus on important special cases, and illustrate the meaning and practical applicability of the Fluid Jacobian in four brief examples.
Incarcerated umbilical hernia in a patient with cirrhotic ascites in combination with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a case report
Authors: Li Xiao-Tian , Lin Man-Zhou , Chen Huan-De , Chen Ming
Published: November 2023

Umbilical hernia is a common type of extra-abdominal hernia in adults. However, chronic granulocytic leukemia in combination with cirrhotic ascites and renal insufficiency is less common. The patient reported here had both indications and contraindications for emergency surgery; therefore, the treatment options were subject to debate. We report the case of a man in his 60s who had a strangulated umbilical hernia, with overlying purple-colored infected and necrotic skin. The area was painful, but his bowel movements were normal. Patients underwent comprehensive conservative management, and remote follow-ups via telephone and video conferencing for a period of 60 days, during which the incarcerated contents of the hernia eventually retracted and his pain was relieved, such that there were no longer indications for emergency surgery. In addition, his skin infection disappeared and his quality of life improved, and therefore the treatment outcomes were good. Thus, we provide evidence that not all incarcerated umbilical hernias require emergency surgery, but may respond well to conservative treatment when the contents do not include intestinal loops or other critical organs.
Racial capitalism, uneven development, and the abstractive powers of race and money
Authors: Alami Ilias
Published: November 2023

How does the circulation of capital in the form of money and finance mobilize different constructions of “Blackness” across historical-geographical contexts, and how does this produce uneven development? This contribution offers theoretical and methodological provocations to think about this question, drawing on two cases of raced finance: race-based bank lending in the United States, and international investment to sub-Saharan countries. I argue that the impersonal character of social domination under capitalism, expressed in and by the movement of abstract categories (such as the commodity, value, money, the state) requires that we carefully mobilize the notion of abstraction in theorizing the co-production of racialized difference and uneven development. I develop this conceptual argument by way of a sympathetic yet critical engagement with recent scholarship on racial capitalism, and by bringing the critique of political economy into conversation with the Black radical tradition. The key question is not the extent to which cases of raced finance exhibit a paradigmatic “anti-Blackness.” Rather, it is about how the abstractive powers of race and the social forms of capital refract each other in violent configurations, and contribute to giving the capitalist production of space a raced imprint. The co-production of racialized and spatial difference thus enhances processes of capitalist discipline and extraction mediated by money, while the totalizing operations of money reproduce racialized power relations and uneven development. I then turn to the work of Bhandar and Toscano to reflect methodologically on how to mobilize various levels and modalities of abstraction in concrete research.
Sibling witnessing in the horizontal axis. Response to 46th Foulkes Lecture by Miriam Berger: May 2023
Authors: Parker Val
Published: November 2023

Miriam Berger’s fascinating and poignant lecture (Berger, 2023) has drawn attention to a very important area of relating—the act of bearing witness. As she points out, witnessing belongs in the horizontal axis, and it begins in the sibling matrix.

In my response I will consider the importance of sibling witnessing in the family and its function in both individual and group therapy, illustrating this with a powerful example of sibling witnessing in my weekly therapy group.
Media Representations of Healthcare Robotics in Norway 2000-2020: A Topic Modeling Approach
Authors: Solberg Mads , Kirchhoff Ralf
Published: November 2023

Robots are projected to affect healthcare services in significant, but unpredictable, ways. Many believe robots will add value to future healthcare, but their arrival has triggered controversy. Debates revolve around how robotics will impact healthcare provision, their effects on the future of labor and caregiver–patient relationships, and ethical dilemmas associated with autonomous machines. This study investigates media representations of healthcare robotics in Norway over a twenty-year period, using a mixed-methods design. Media representations affect public opinion in multiple ways. By assembling and presenting information through stories, they not only set the agenda by broadcasting values, experiences, and expectations about new technologies, but also frame and prime specific understandings of issues. First, we employ an inductive text-mining approach known as “topic modeling,” a computational method for eliciting abstract semantic structures from large text corpora. Using Non-Negative Matrix Factorization, we implement a topic model of manifest content from 752 articles, published in Norwegian print media between 1.1.2000 and 2.10.2020, sampled from a comprehensive database for news media (Atekst, Retriever). We complement this computational lens with a more fine-grained, qualitative analysis of content in exemplary texts sampled from each topic. Here, we identify prominent “frames,” discursive cues for interpreting how various stakeholders talk about healthcare robotics as a contested domain of policy and practice in a comprehensive welfare state. We also highlight some benefits of this approach for analyzing media discourse and stakeholder perspectives on controversial technologies.
The Association Between Intolerance of Uncertainty and Job-Seeking Anxiety: A Moderated Mediation Model
Authors: Zhao Shunying , Yi Wencheng , Ye Baojuan , Zeng Yadi , Yang Yifan
Published: November 2023

The current study examined the mediating role of perceived risk of COVID-19 and the moderating role of hope in the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and job-seeking anxiety. 812 advanced undergraduate students participated in this investigation ( Mage = 21.95, SDage = 1.37; 69% female). Results indicated that intolerance of uncertainty is positively linked to job-seeking anxiety. Perceived risk of COVID-19 mediated the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and job-seeking anxiety. Hope moderated the direct path and the indirect path from perceived risk of COVID-19 to job-seeking anxiety. Specifically, the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and job-seeking anxiety became weaker for high-hope students. The results indicated that intolerance of uncertainty and perceived risk of COVID-19 serves as risk factors, while hope serves as a protective factor for job-seeking anxiety. Interventions, which reduce these two risk factors and increase this protective factor, might help to protect advanced undergraduate students from job-seeking anxiety.