bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SUBIMPERIALISMO BRASILEIRO OU TERRITÓRIOS EM DISPUTA? O PAPEL DO BNDES NA INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO DE EMPRESAS
Authors: Santos Leandro Bruno
Published: June 2020

Os primeiros anos deste século foram marcados por um incremento dos fluxos de Investimentos Estrangeiros Diretos (IED) promovidos por empresas brasileiras. À medida que aumentaram os fluxos, maiores foram as pressões de capitais particulares por políticas públicas de apoio à internacionalização. Nesse contexto, o BNDES ampliou seus desembolsos e passou por uma reorientação estratégica, marcada por uma participação na internacionalização de empresas brasileiras. A ampliação dos fluxos de IED brasileiros na América Latina e a participação direta do BNDES ensejaram a retomada da tese de subimperialismo brasileiro na região. Neste texto, nosso principal objetivo é analisar o processo de internacionalização de empresas brasileiras e o papel exercido pelo Estado, a fim de encontrar elementos que permitam sustentar ou refutar a tese de subimperialismo brasileiro por trás da inserção de empresas e grupos econômicos na América do Sul. Os procedimentos metodológicos incluíram levantamento e seleção bibliográficos sobre internacionalização de empresas brasileiras, atuação do Estado, subimperialismo, entre outros temas, bem como levantamento e sistematização de dados secundários sobre fluxos de IED do banco de dados da UNCTAD (Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre Comércio e Desenvolvimento) e do censo de capitais no exterior do Banco Central do Brasil (BCB). Na plataforma do BNDES, acessamos informações sobre desembolsos por linhas de financiamento, projetos financiados no exterior etc. Os dados primários foram levantados a partir de trabalho de campo no BNDES, onde aplicamos entrevistas com pessoas-chave. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que existem diferentes projetos de integração propostos na região e um processo aberto de disputa por territórios de acumulação entre diferentes capitais.
VARIABILIDADE DO REGIME HIDROLÓGICO DA BACIA AMAZÔNICA
Authors: Coutinho Eliane de Castro , Da Rocha Edson José Paulino , Lima Aline Maria Meiguins , Ribeiro Hebe Morganne Campos
Published: June 2020

A Bacia Amazônica é afetada por episódios de secas e enchentes, como El Niño (EN), La Niña (LN), Zona de Convergência Intertropical (ZCIT) e Zona de Convergência do Atlântico Sul (ZCAS), causando graves alterações nos fluxos dos rios. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é analisar como os recursos hídricos em nossa bacia hidrográfica contribuem para o fluxo do rio principal da bacia amazônica, bem como o seu comportamento em face de adversidades climáticas, temporais e espaciais, no período de 1982 a 2012, a partir de 16 postos fluviométricos ao longo do principal canal da Bacia, esse fluxo depende das variações de seus afluentes, na margen direita e na margem esquerda, e foi verificado que a tendência de aumento da vazão média no canal coincidiu com os afluentes da margem esquerda, ou seja, nas bacias do Rio Negro, Trombetas e Jari. Quanto à magnitude do fluxo, isso depende dos afluentes da margem direita, a bacia do rio Purus, Madeira, Tapajós e Xingu. A sazonalidade da bacia amazônica mostra 65% do fluxo total na época das cheias e 35% na seca e os postos ao longo do canal têm uma tendência crescente na amplitude do fluxo médio anual, medida que se aproxima da entrada. A tendência de crescimento da vazão média na calha coincidiu com os afluentes da margem esquerda, bacias do Rio Negro, Rio Trombetas e Rio Jari, já a magnitude da vazão depende dos afluentes da margem direita, bacias do Rio Purus, Rio Madeira, Rio Tapajós e Rio Xingu, já com relação a amplitude de vazão a influência é ocasionada tanto pelos afluentes da margem esquerda como direita, exceto, a bacia do Rio Purus.
EXPRESSÃO DO PLANEJAMENTO URBANO NO ORDENAMENTO DO TERRITÓRIO – O PLANO DIRETOR MUNICIPAL DE LISBOA
Authors: Antonello Ideni Terezinha
Published: June 2020

O objetivo central deste estudo é apreender a expressão territorial do planejamento urbano, tendo como recorte espacial da investigação o município de Lisboa – Portugal, para atingir esse escopo realizou-se a análise da elaboração e execução das políticas públicas urbanas em Portugal, com foco nos instrumentos de planejamento e gestão urbanos presentes no Plano Diretor Municipal – PDM de Lisboa (PDML, 2012). Considera-se a imbricação entre o ordenamento do território e a elaboração/ concretização das políticas públicas urbanas, uma vez que o rebatimento dessas políticas públicas no território redundará na formatação da ordenação do território, por conseguinte, o PDM  constitui-se na principal política pública urbana de planejamento urbano, já que a complexidade do tecido urbano em  expansão necessita de diretrizes para se ordenar o espaço urbano conforme os diferentes uso do solo que abarca a dinâmica do espaço urbano em constante incerteza, essa própria do processo de mundialização do capital. O resultado da pesquisa evidencia dois elementos que se considerou avanços no PDML (2012) em relação ao monitoramento da política pública urbana. O primeiro refere-se à criação de uma base de dados que passou a integrar o Programa de Execução e Financiamento do Plano, na qual são inseridas as ações materiais previstas nas metas do Plano, essas ações incluídas no banco de dados serão georreferenciadas, além de apresentarem as informações do custo de financiamento e o grau de desenvolvimento da obra. O segundo elemento vincula-se ao primeiro, pois essa base de dados, que articula os serviços municipais, é um instrumento de monitorização da execução das propostas (obras) prevista no PDML, que irá atender à exigência de avaliação desta política pública via a elaboração de relatórios de monitorização que fará parte do relatório do ordenamento do território de Lisboa.
INFÂNCIA E PANDEMIA
Authors: Araújo Jose Newton Garcia de
Published: June 2020

A emergência do coronavírus levou ao confinamento domiciliar, num contexto generalizado de mal-estar que atinge, de forma particular, as crianças. Mas isso ocorre nas fronteiras da desigualdade. Se uma criança das classes média e alta continua a frequentar a escola no regime home office, isso não é possível para muitas famílias das classes desfavorecidas. As precárias condições de vida para enfrentar os problemas relativos à educação e à saúde afetam também milhares de crianças das comunidades indígenas e quilombolas. O texto discute como a COVID-19 recai sobre a população infantil num momento político de fragilidade democrática.
COMO PAUTAR O FUTURO EM MEIO AO CAOS?
Authors: Moreira Cunha Daisy
Published: June 2020

Do ponto de vista da atividade de trabalho na gestão da FaE/UFMG, a Pensata elenca perplexidades face à conjuntura que associa conservadorismo religioso, político e epistêmico, trazendo interrogações sobre o que levar para o futuro.
O DIAGNÓSTICO DA PSICOPATIA AJUDA A ESCLARECER A ATUAL CRISE POLÍTICA BRASILEIRA?
Authors: Mourão Vasconcelos Eduardo
Published: June 2020

Jornalistas e comentaristas políticos têm atribuído ao presidente Bolsonaro um diagnóstico de transtorno mental e, particularmente, o de psicopatia. Este breve ensaio propõe que um diagnóstico psiquiátrico apenas aponta para um quadro grave de subjetividade no governo, mas individualiza, reduz e escamoteia um fenômeno coletivo muito mais complexo e uma profunda e grave crise política, social e sanitária. Contudo, o texto não visa desprezar a contribuição de uma análise da dimensão subjetiva da atual crise, sugerindo para isso o uso de categorias e conceitos da psicossociologia para subsidiar esta avaliação, combinando-a com o exame de processos políticos, econômicos, sociais, culturais e comunicacionais. O resultado é a constatação de uma crise de dimensões trágicas para o país, que requer a mobilização de todas as forças democráticas para seu enfrentamento.
E SE ESSA CRISE MUDASSE RADICALMENTE O MUNDO DO TRABALHO ...
Authors: Lhuilier Dominique
Published: June 2020

O contexto de pandemia atualmente vivido tem evidenciado diversas dimensões de vulnerabilidade no mundo do trabalho. O objetivo deste ensaio é, em um contexto de crise e de confinamento, em que novas divisões de trabalho ganham evidência, estimular uma reflexão coletiva sobre os desafios que podem levar à construção de uma nova cena do mundo do trabalho. A saída da crise torna imperativa a reorganização das condições de trabalho e das relações com o trabalho, a partir da capacidade de pensar em alternativas que priorizem a noção de cuidado e fujam da repetição dos desvios do contexto de pré-pandemia.
PANDEMIA: LUTA ENTRE DOIS IMAGINÁRIOS
Authors: Carreteiro Teresa Cristina
Published: June 2020

Analisa-se neste texto aspectos da sociedade atual e seus efeitos na situação pandêmica, enfocando-se dois imaginários, o da suficiência e o do cuidado.
Rapid HIV Progression Is Associated with Extensive Ongoing Somatic Hypermutation
Authors: Wendel Ben S. , Fu Yajing , He Chenfeng , Hernandez Stefany M. , Qu Mingjuan , Zhang Zining , Jiang Yongjun , Han Xiaoxu , Xu Junjie , Ding Haibo , Jiang Ning , Shang Hong
Published: June 2020

The Ab response to HIV is of great interest, particularly in the context of a protective vaccine and broadly neutralizing Abs, but research is typically geared toward elite controllers because of their ability to successfully control the virus. In this study, we studied the evolution of the Ab repertoire over the first year of HIV infection in people classified as rapid progressors (RP) compared with typical progressors. HIV RPs are an important yet understudied group of HIV patients classified by a rapid decline in CD4 counts and accelerated development of AIDS. We found that the global IgG somatic hypermutation load negatively correlated with disease progression, possibly because of exaggerated isotype switching of unmutated sequences in patients with low CD4 counts. We measured Ab sequence evolution over time using longitudinal samples taken during the early stages of infection and 1 year postinfection. Within clonal lineages spanning both timepoints, visit 2–derived sequences harbored considerably more mutations than their visit 1 relatives. Despite extensive ongoing somatic hypermutation, the initially strong signs of Ag selection pressure observed in visit 1–derived sequences decayed by visit 2. These data suggest that excessive immune activation in RPs leads to a hyperactive B cell response that fails to confer protection.
Growth Hormone Reprograms Macrophages toward an Anti-Inflammatory and Reparative Profile in an MAFB-Dependent Manner
Authors: Soler Palacios Blanca , Nieto Concha , Fajardo Pilar , González de la Aleja Arturo , Andrés Nuria , Dominguez-Soto Ángeles , Lucas Pilar , Cuenda Ana , Rodríguez-Frade José Miguel , Martínez-A Carlos , Villares Ricardo , Corbí Ángel L. , Mellado Mario
Published: June 2020

Growth hormone (GH), a pleiotropic hormone secreted by the pituitary gland, regulates immune and inflammatory responses. In this study, we show that GH regulates the phenotypic and functional plasticity of macrophages both in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, GH treatment of GM-CSF–primed monocyte–derived macrophages promotes a significant enrichment of anti-inflammatory genes and dampens the proinflammatory cytokine profile through PI3K-mediated downregulation of activin A and upregulation of MAFB, a critical transcription factor for anti-inflammatory polarization of human macrophages. These in vitro data correlate with improved remission of inflammation and mucosal repair during recovery in the acute dextran sodium sulfate–induced colitis model in GH-overexpressing mice. In this model, in addition to the GH-mediated effects on other immune cells, we observed that macrophages from inflamed gut acquire an anti-inflammatory/reparative profile. Overall, these data indicate that GH reprograms inflammatory macrophages to an anti-inflammatory phenotype and improves resolution during pathologic inflammatory responses.
Mice Deficient in T-bet Form Inducible NO Synthase–Positive Granulomas That Fail to Constrain Salmonella
Authors: Perez-Toledo Marisol , Beristain-Covarrubias Nonantzin , Channell William M. , Hitchcock Jessica R. , Cook Charlotte N. , Coughlan Ruth E. , Bobat Saeeda , Jones Nicholas D. , Nakamura Kyoko , Ross Ewan A. , Rossiter Amanda E. , Rooke Jessica , Garcia-Gimenez Alicia , Jossi Sian , Persaud Ruby R. , Marcial-Juarez Edith , Flores-Langarica Adriana , Henderson Ian R. , Withers David R. , Watson Steve P. , Cunningham Adam F.
Published: June 2020

Clearance of intracellular infections caused by Salmonella Typhimurium (STm) requires IFN-γ and the Th1-associated transcription factor T-bet. Nevertheless, whereas IFN-γ−/− mice succumb rapidly to STm infections, T-bet−/− mice do not. In this study, we assess the anatomy of immune responses and the relationship with bacterial localization in the spleens and livers of STm-infected IFN-γ−/− and T-bet−/− mice. In IFN-γ−/− mice, there is deficient granuloma formation and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) induction, increased dissemination of bacteria throughout the organs, and rapid death. The provision of a source of IFN-γ reverses this, coincident with subsequent granuloma formation and substantially extends survival when compared with mice deficient in all sources of IFN-γ. T-bet−/− mice induce significant levels of IFN-γ− after challenge. Moreover, T-bet−/− mice have augmented IL-17 and neutrophil numbers, and neutralizing IL-17 reduces the neutrophilia but does not affect numbers of bacteria detected. Surprisingly, T-bet−/− mice exhibit surprisingly wild-type–like immune cell organization postinfection, including extensive iNOS+ granuloma formation. In wild-type mice, most bacteria are within iNOS+ granulomas, but in T-bet−/− mice, most bacteria are outside these sites. Therefore, Th1 cells act to restrict bacteria within IFN-γ–dependent iNOS+ granulomas and prevent dissemination.
Cutting Edge: Augmenting Muscle MHC Expression Enhances Systemic Pathogen Control at the Expense of T Cell Exhaustion
Authors: Pack Angela D. , Tarleton Rick L.
Published: June 2020

Myocytes express low levels of MHC class I (MHC I), perhaps influencing the ability of CD8+ T cells to efficiently detect and destroy pathogens that invade muscle. Trypanosoma cruzi infects many cell types but preferentially persists in muscle, and we asked if this tissue-dependent persistence was linked to MHC expression. Inducible enhancement of skeletal muscle MHC I in mice during the first 20 d of T. cruzi infection resulted in enhanced CD8-dependent reduction of parasite load. However, continued overexpression of MHC I beyond 30 d ultimately led to a collapse of systemic parasite control associated with immune exhaustion, which was reversible in part by blocking PD-1:PD-L1 interactions. These studies demonstrate a surprisingly strong and systemically dominant effect of skeletal muscle MHC expression on maintaining T cell function and pathogen control and argue that the normally low MHC I expression in skeletal muscle is host protective by allowing for pathogen control while preventing immune exhaustion.
Analysis of the Chinese Alligator TCRα/δ Loci Reveals the Evolutionary Pattern of Atypical TCRδ/TCRμ in Tetrapods
Authors: Wang Xifeng , Huang Jinwei , Wang Peng , Wang Renping , Wang Chaolin , Yu Di , Ke Cuncun , Huang Tian , Song Yu , Bai Jianhui , Li Kongpan , Ren Liming , Miller Robert D. , Han Haitang , Zhou Xin , Zhao Yaofeng
Published: June 2020

Atypical TCRδ found in sharks, amphibians, birds, and monotremes and TCRμ found in monotremes and marsupials are TCR chains that use Ig or BCR-like variable domains (VHδ/Vμ) rather than conventional TCR V domains. These unconventional TCR are consistent with a scenario in which TCR and BCR, although having diverged from each other more than 400 million years ago, continue to exchange variable gene segments in generating diversity for Ag recognition. However, the process underlying this exchange and leading to the evolution of these atypical TCR receptor genes remains elusive. In this study, we identified two TCRα/δ gene loci in the Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis). In total, there were 144 V, 154 Jα, nine Jδ, eight Dδ, two Cα, and five Cδ gene segments in the TCRα/δ loci of the Chinese alligator, representing the most complicated TCRα/δ gene system in both genomic structure and gene content in any tetrapod examined so far. A pool of 32 VHδ genes divided into 18 subfamilies was found to be scattered over the two loci. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that these VHδ genes could be related to bird VHδ genes, VHδ/Vμ genes in platypus or opossum, or alligator VH genes. Based on these findings, a model explaining the evolutionary pattern of atypical TCRδ/TCRμ genes in tetrapods is proposed. This study sheds new light on the evolution of TCR and BCR genes, two of the most essential components of adaptive immunity.
Establishment of a Pig Influenza Challenge Model for Evaluation of Monoclonal Antibody Delivery Platforms
Authors: McNee Adam , Smith Trevor R. F. , Holzer Barbara , Clark Becky , Bessell Emily , Guibinga Ghiabe , Brown Heather , Schultheis Katherine , Fisher Paul , Ramos Stephanie , Nunez Alejandro , Bernard Matthieu , Graham Simon , Martini Veronica , Chrun Tiphany , Xiao Yongli , Kash John C. , Taubenberger Jeffery K. , Elliott Sarah , Patel Ami , Beverley Peter , Rijal Pramila , Weiner David B. , Townsend Alain , Broderick Kate E. , Tchilian Elma
Published: June 2020

mAbs are a possible adjunct to vaccination and drugs in treatment of influenza virus infection. However, questions remain whether small animal models accurately predict efficacy in humans. We have established the pig, a large natural host animal for influenza, with many physiological similarities to humans, as a robust model for testing mAbs. We show that a strongly neutralizing mAb (2–12C) against the hemagglutinin head administered prophylactically at 15 mg/kg reduced viral load and lung pathology after pandemic H1N1 influenza challenge. A lower dose of 1 mg/kg of 2–12C or a DNA plasmid–encoded version of 2–12C reduced pathology and viral load in the lungs but not viral shedding in nasal swabs. We propose that the pig influenza model will be useful for testing candidate mAbs and emerging delivery platforms prior to human trials.
A Potently Neutralizing Antibody Protects Mice against SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Alsoussi Wafaa B. , Turner Jackson S. , Case James B. , Zhao Haiyan , Schmitz Aaron J. , Zhou Julian Q. , Chen Rita E. , Lei Tingting , Rizk Amena A. , McIntire Katherine M. , Winkler Emma S. , Fox Julie M. , Kafai Natasha M. , Thackray Larissa B. , Hassan Ahmed O. , Amanat Fatima , Krammer Florian , Watson Corey T. , Kleinstein Steven H. , Fremont Daved H. , Diamond Michael S. , Ellebedy Ali H.
Published: June 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for millions of infections and hundreds of thousands of deaths globally. There are no widely available licensed therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2, highlighting an urgent need for effective interventions. The virus enters host cells through binding of a receptor-binding domain within its trimeric spike glycoprotein to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. In this article, we describe the generation and characterization of a panel of murine mAbs directed against the receptor-binding domain. One mAb, 2B04, neutralized wild-type SARS-CoV-2 in vitro with remarkable potency (half-maximal inhibitory concentration of <2 ng/ml). In a murine model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, 2B04 protected challenged animals from weight loss, reduced lung viral load, and blocked systemic dissemination. Thus, 2B04 is a promising candidate for an effective antiviral that can be used to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
From Medical School to Residency: Transitions During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Byrne Lauren M. , Holmboe Eric S. , Combes John R. , Nasca Thomas J.
Published: June 2020

Background

The start of a new academic year in graduate medical education will mark a transition for postgraduate year 1 (PGY-1) residents from medical school into residency. The relocation of individuals has significant implications given the COVID-19 pandemic and variability of the outbreak across the United States, but little is known about the extent of the geographic relocation taking place.

Objective

We reported historical trends of PGY-1 residents staying in-state and those starting residency from out-of-state to quantify the geographic movement of individuals beginning residency training each year.

Methods

We analyzed historical data collected by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education in academic years 2016–2017, 2017–2018, and 2018–2019, comparing the locations of medical school and residency programs for PGY-1 residents to determine the number of matriculants from in-state medical schools and out-of-state medical schools. International medical school graduates (IMGs) were shown separately in the analysis and then combined with out-of-state matriculants. US citizens who trained abroad were counted among IMGs.

Results

The total number of PGY-1s increased by 10.3% during the 3-year time period, from 29 338 to 32 348. When combined, IMGs and USMGs transitioning from one state or country to another state accounted for approximately 72% of PGY-1s each year. Approximately 63% of USMGs matriculated to a residency program in a new state, and IMGs made up 24.6% to 23.1% of PGY-1s over the 3-year period.

Conclusions

Each year brings a substantial amount of movement among PGY-1s that highlights the need for policies and procedures specific to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Pengaruh Rekrutmen Dan Pengembangan Karyawan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Di Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI) Bengkalis
Authors: Eryana Eryana , Indah Anugrah
Published: June 2020

One important factor in sustaining the company's existence in advancing quality is by way of recruitment efforts to find prospective employees who meet certain requirements so that from them the company can choose the most appropriate people to fill existing vacancies. A clean and healthy company is certainly due to good employee performance. Employee performance will improve if employees are given the training to improve abilities and also a clear career development program. This research aims to determine the effect of recruitment and career development on employee performance in the Radio Republic of Indonesia of Bengkalis. The populations in this research were all employees of the Radio Republic of Indonesia Bengkalis, amounting to 13 people. The results showed that employee recruitment and development influenced employee performance.
Sejarah Ekonomi Masyarakat Muslim Bengkalis Dekade 1980-1990
Authors: Bahri Saiful
Published: June 2020

Government policies both in fiscal and monetary terms are the foundation of economic growth. Good governance will get good results. Above all, there is the Islamic Sharia which in turn brings the economy to its own balance. Like that happened in Bengkalis last time. The faith, piety and patience of the Muslim community make Bengkalis not only prosperous, but it is also safe and secure until today. In the 1980-1990 decade, as is commonly known, it was a transitional era in all aspects of life, and in many places, the same phenomena were found. Like the difficulty of life, inadequate infrastructure, lack of transportation and so forth, in essence, provide lessons for later generations to always be grateful to Allah for all the abundance of grace and blessings of Allah.
Assessment of Husbandry practices, Production and Reproductive Performance of Indigenous Cattle in Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia.
Authors: Woldeyohannes Tariku
Published: June 2020

The study was conducted in Soro and Misha districts of Hadiya zone Southern Ethiopia, to
describe the husbandry practices, to assess production and reproductive performance of
indigenous cattle breeds. Data collections were carried out by using observation, semistructured questionnaire, and focused group discussion and also from secondary data
sources. A total of 240 households (120 from each district) were selected by using
systematic sampling method for questionnaire interview. The collected data were analyzed
by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20), and the values were
compared at the significance level P<0.05. The study reported that the main purpose of
keeping indigenous cattle in both districts were milk production, saving as live bank,
draught power, income generation, for meat, manure and ceremonies. The selection
criteria used by farmers for selecting male and female cattle were by using mainly
associated with production and reproduction parameters. The main feed resources of cattle
in dry season were crop residues, communal grazing, maize strover, Enset, Atela and
wheat bran. Natural uncontrolled mating system was the main breeding system in the
study areas. The average daily milk yield and length of calving interval showed significant
variation (p<0.05) between the two studied locations. The major cattle production
constraints in the study area were feed shortage, shrinkage of grazing land, lack of capital,
shortage of improved breeds, and low productivity of indigenous cattle, lack of improved
forages and disease and parasites. The reported major prevalent cattle disease identified
were bovine pasteurollosis, foot and mouth disease, diarrhea, sudden death and blackleg.
The current study result indicated that cattle production and reproductive performance in
the current environmental condition are comparable with other indigenous breed.
Therefore, it could be concluded that, management improvement and designing
appropriate breed improvement programmes such as participation of the community are
critical to improve the breed..
Going Slumming in Mexico: Rereading Primitivism in Katherine Anne Porter’s Flowering Judas and Other Stories
Authors: Schadewaldt Annika
Published: June 2020

Katherine Anne Porter’s short story collection Flowering Judas and Other Stories from 1935 features most of the author’s engagement with Mexico as a setting and its social realities after the revolution. While most scholars agree that Porter’s experiences during her stays in-Katherine Anne Porter’s short story collection Flowering Judas and Other Stories from 1935 features most of the author’s engagement with Mexico as a setting and its social realities after the revolution. While most scholars agree that Porter’s experiences during her stays in Mexico crucially shaped her artistic vision, there is less agreement on the specificities of her image of Mexico. While the short stories have been read as either a gradual disillusionment with Mexico or a generally colonialist take on the country and its political struggles, these readings, however, miss some of the most remarkable features of these stories. In contrast, this essay argues that taken together the Mexican stories can be understood as an early critical engagement with the political consequences of primitivism. By highlighting the problematic elements of primitivist discourse in both the work of expatriates in Mexico and what Porter perceives as the shifting away from socialist realism in muralism, these stories dramatize in how far primitivism not only skews the artists’ perception of the native population but, in fact, helps to cement exploitative social realities by romanticizing poverty, naïveté, and struggle. Mexico crucially shaped her artistic vision, there is less agreement on the specificities of her image of Mexico. While the short stories have been read as either a gradual- disillusionment with Mexico or a generally colonialist take on the country and its political struggles, these readings, however, miss some of the most remarkable features of these stories. In contrast, this essay argues that taken together the Mexican stories can be understood as an early critical engagement with the political consequences of primitivism. By highlighting the problematic elements of primitivist discourse in both the work of expatriates in Mexico and what Porter perceives as the shifting away from socialist realism in muralism, these stories dramatize in how far primitivism not only skews the artists’ perception of the native population but, in fact, helps to cement exploitative social realities by romanticizing poverty, naïveté, and struggle.
Infestation Rate of Almond Seed Wasp (Eurytoma Amygdali Enderlein, Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) on Important Commercial Almond Varieties in Malatya Province (Turkey)
Authors: YİĞİT Talip , ÖZGEN İnanç , CANBAY Adnan , KOÇ İbrahim
Published: June 2020

Almond moth (Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein) is one of the most important pests of almond. Pest ratio can be as high as 95% in some areas in case it is not fought against. The study was conducted to determine the preferences of Almond moth for some almond varieties (Ferragnes, Ferraduel, Nonpareil, Drake, Cristomorto and Garrigues) in the years 2017 and 2018. Furthermore, times of emerging of the pest in Malatya Province and the number of individuals emerging from damages fruits based on years were determined. Cage observations were carried out and fruits were counted under field conditions and were related to meteorological data. It was fund in the study that the smallest contamination rate of E. amygdali was in Ferragnes variety (81%) followed by Cristomorto variety (%85). The highest contamination rate, however, was found in Nonpareil variety (97%). While the rate of emerging of the pests as adults in year one was 89.3%, rate of individuals passing down to the next generation was 10.6%. It was found in the study that the time of emergence as adults of Almond moth in Malatya was the end of April when the maximum air temperature was 25oC and the daily mean temperature is higher than 15oC, and when the temperatures are routinely around these levels.
İKTİSAT LİTERATÜRÜNDE GİRİŞİMCİLİK TEORİLERİ
Authors: BÜYÜKILGAZ Utku
Published: June 2020

Günümüzde girişimcilik, ekonomik büyüme ve istihdam için önemli bir itici güç olarak görülmektedir. Ancak girişimciliğin iktisatçılar tarafından ihmal edildiği dönemler de olmuştur. Özellikle neoklasik iktisadın yükselişe geçmesiyle girişimcilik teorisinin gelişimi neredeyse durmuştur. Bu dönemde Avusturya İktisat Okulu mensupları teorinin gelişiminde önemli rol oynamıştır. Özellikle Schumpeter’in çalışmaları girişimcilik alanına büyük katkı yapmış ve kendinden sonra gelen birçok iktisatçıyı etkilemiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı girişimcilik kavramının iktisat literatürüne girişi ve iktisatçılar tarafından geliştirilen girişimcilik teorilerinin incelenmesidir. Bu bağlamda iktisadi düşünce okullarının girişimcilikle ilgili görüşleri incelenmiştir. Schumpeter, Casson, Schultz, Kirzner, Shackle, Liebenstein gibi alana önemli katkılarda bulunmuş iktisatçıların teorileri ayrı olarak incelenmiştir.
ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN SOSYAL MEDYA BAĞIMLILIKLARI
Authors: ŞAHİN Tülay , BALLI Erdinç
Published: June 2020

Teknoloji günümüz 21. yüzyıl toplumunun ayrılmaz bir parçası haline gelmiştir. Teknoloji kullanımı ve bağımlılığı arttıkça, internet ve sosyal medya bağımlılıkları da büyümeye devam etmektedir. Sosyal medya bağımlılığı tıbben bir hastalık, sosyal ya da ruhsal bir bozukluk olarak kabul edilmemesine rağmen, ölçülemez bir şekilde insanların yaşamı üzerinde olumsuz etkilere sahip olabilmektedir. Dünyada her gün daha fazla insan bu bağımlılık durumundan muzdarip olmaktadır. Kullanıcılar üzerindeki etkisi göz önüne alındığında, bu bağımlılıkların azaltılması önemlidir. Bu çalışmada; günümüz gençleri geleceğin çalışanları, yöneticileri olan üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal medya bağımlılıkları incelenmiştir. Araştırmada veriler anket yöntemi ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 243 üniversite öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada ölçek olarak “Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Ölçeği-Yetişkin Formu” kullanılmıştır. Ölçeğe uygulanan açıklayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda; ölçeğin çatışma, kaçış, iletişim ve haberdar olma boyutları olmak üzere dört boyutlu bir yapı oluşturmuştur. Ayrıca yapılan analizler sonucunda öğrencilerin SMB düzeylerinin demografik özelliklere göre farklılaşmadığı bulgulanmıştır.
GEOGRAFIA AGRÁRIA EM DEBATE: DAS LUTAS HISTÓRICAS ÀS PRÁTICAS AGROECOLÓGICAS (2017)
Authors: Bertholi Anderson Willians
Published: June 2020

Resenha da Coletânea: Geografia Agrária em Debate: Das lutas históricas às práticas agroecológicas (2017)
O TRABALHO DE CAMPO COMO METODOLOGIA DE ENSINO DE GEOGRAFIA: APLICABILIDADE NO MUNICÍPIO DE SETE LAGOAS-MG
Authors: HENRIQUE PALHARES RICARDO , Cley de Souza Ferreira Alysson
Published: June 2020

De modo geral, a criação de um município, em qualquer de suas fases (povoado, vila ou cidade) esteve relacionado a três fatores: importância (local ou regional), condições do local (geologia, geomorfologia, recursos naturais) e potencial de desenvolvimento atual e futuro (econômico, humano e político). Sete Lagoas foi criada inicialmente com estes três aspectos em posição secundária devido à proximidade e relação com a Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte. Levantar estes aspectos em campo auxilia no entendimento do arcabouço físico e social e favorece o entendimento de como e quando o desenvolvimento continuará a ocorrer no município e região. A adoção de estudos de Geografia Urbana com atividades de campo propicia aos professores de Geografia melhores condições de repassar aos alunos conhecimento teórico e técnico, assim como incentivo na criação de ideias e concepções para o futuro do local a ser estudado. Os resultados apresentados demonstram que a prática de campo é fundamental ao profissionais de geografia, visto que a teoria associada a prática auxilia no desenvolvimento de qualquer plano municipal, desde sua instalação, desenvolvimento e conclusão, mesmo que estes três estágios estejam sempre sendo modificados ou atualizados.
Entre barreras y estrategias: Experiencias de acceso a servicios de salud pública de mujeres migrantes peruanas
Authors: Biondini Valentina
Published: June 2020

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo indagar las experiencias de acceso a servicios de salud públicos de mujeres migrantes peruanas en la Ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina durante el periodo 2019-2020. Específicamente, reflexionamos desde un análisis interseccional, de qué manera el género, la clase, la nacionalidad y la raza se imbrican y producen barreras para acceder a servicios de salud pública, y las estrategias que generan las mujeres para sortearlas. Para ello, utilizamos una metodología cualitativa, que retoma principalmente entrevistas etnográficas a mujeres migrantes peruanas usuarias de servicios de salud pública caracterizada por tener gran afluencia de migrantes. Asimismo, realizamos observaciones participantes en dicho establecimiento y análisis de datos secundarios.
Muertes silenciadas. Notas para pensar los feminicidios indígenas en Argentina
Authors: García Gualda Suyai
Published: June 2020

#Niunamenos es un grito que ruge fuerte, que une, contiene y moviliza a muchas mujeres a lo largo y ancho del continente latinoamericano. Pese a ello, es apremiante indagar en las diversas intensidades de este grito, urge atender y amplificar los susurros que resuenan tenuemente tierra adentro. Ya es hora de hablar y visibilizar los feminicidios indígenas en un país racista y patriarcal como la Argentina. Por esta razón, el presente trabajo se propone ahondar en la realidad de las mujeres originarias, especialmente en sus denuncias frente a las múltiples formas de violencia que padecen producto del avance del modelo extractivista con el beneplácito de los gobiernos de turno. En este documento se desarrollan reflexiones teóricas en las que se busca articular la teoría política con aportes centrales de los estudios feministas y de género.
Cultura de Género en las Universidades en el marco de la socioformación y el desarrollo social sostenible: Análisis Documental
Authors: Hernández-López Ana María , Luna-Nemecio Josemanuel , Atayde-Manríquez Karina X.
Published: June 2020

Una significativa presencia de mujeres en el espacio universitario motiva la necesidad de investigar sobre la cultura de género en las universidades, máxime cuando persiste la discriminación e inequidad hacia las mujeres en estos espacios educativos. Para atender esta necesidad se realizó un análisis documental. El presente texto da cuenta de las líneas teóricas que auxilian en el análisis de la cultura de género de las universidades, los temas y las evidencias de la desigualdad de género. Las y los autores de los estudios revisados coinciden en la oportunidad invaluable que tienen estas comunidades como formadoras que cuestionen y renueven el modelo social y cultural de los estereotipos de género. Se proponen, asimismo, puntos de encuentro entre el enfoque socioformativo, en su eje del desarrollo social sostenible y la construcción de una cultura de equidad de género en los espacios universitarios.
MOĞOL DÖNEMİ İRANI’NDA UYGUR KÖKENLİ BİR VALİ: KÖRGÖZ
Authors: DAYI Özkan , TOKAN Özgür
Published: June 2020

Cengiz Han; askerî ve siyasî başarıları neticesinde Tayçiutlar, Naymanlar, Kereyitler, Tatarlar, Uygurlar, Karluklar ve Kırgızlar gibi çeşitli Türk ve Moğol kütlelerini de egemenliği altına alarak 13. Asrın başlarında büyük bir imparatorluk kurmuş yetenekli bir hükümdardı. O, imparatorluğunu daha güçlü kılmak ve daha iyi idare etmek için birçok düzenleme yapmış, birçok tedbir almış ve bu doğrultuda da bilhassa idarî ve askerî alanda tecrübeli olan Türk menşeli birçok kişiye devlet kademelerinde görev vermişti. Cengiz Han İmparatorluğu’nda görev elde eden önemli Türk devlet adamlarının büyük bir bölümü; özellikle devletin resmî dili haline getirilmiş olan Uygurca’yı çok iyi bilen Uygurlardan oluşmaktaydı. Durum bu minval üzere Cengiz Han’ın ardılları zamanında da devam etti. Ögedey zamanında birçok Uygur askerî ya da sivil devlet adamı, imparatorluk nezdinde çeşitli kademelerde yer aldı. İşte bunlardan birisi de Körgöz idi. Kendisi, seyislik gibi en adi bir görevle imparatorluğa hizmet ederken Uygur diline hâkim olması, devlet işlerinden anlaması, idarî ve askerî alandaki kabiliyetleri sayesinde imparatorluğun İran-Horasan kısmının en yüksek sivil mertebesini, yani valiliğini elde etmişti. Cengiz Han İmparatorluğu’ndaki Türklerin, Türk devlet adamlarının imparatorluğun yücelmesinde, idare edilmesinde ne derece önem arz ettiği malumdur. İşte bu makalede de mezkûr devlet adamı örnek alınarak bu yönde bir profil ortaya konulmuştur.
Modelagem epidemiológica determinística sobre dados reais da COVID-19 no Estado do Pará entre os meses de março e abril de 2020
Authors: Almeida Frayzer Lima
Published: June 2020

Neste trabalho aplicamos o modelo epidemiológico determinístico, SIR clássico (suscetíveis, infectados, recuperados) sem dinâmica vital, sobre dados reais da COVID-19 no Estado do Pará entre os meses março e abril de 2020, o qual foi modelado e solucionado pelo método numérico de Runge-Kutta de 3a ordem. Para realizar as simulações computacionais, incluímos o método de Runge-Kutta no ambiente OCTAVE, assim como o modelo determinístico SIR. Os parâmetros do modelo determinístico SIR, foram determinados a partir dos referidos dados reais da COVID-19. As soluções numéricas dos infectados aproximaram-se aos dados reais, os quais foram adquiridos no site da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Pará (SESPA), validando assim a metodologia acima proposta. A partir das soluções numéricas foi possível compreender a dinâmica da COVID-19 no Estado do Pará. Constatamos que a curva de infectados possui crescimento entre 04 de maios e 08 de junho de 2020, e atinge seu ponto máximo em 11 de junho de 2020, a partir desta data a curva de infectado decresce, sendo assintótica para zero a partir do dia 20 de julho de 2020.
CALCOCO2 silencing represents a potential molecular therapeutic target for glioma
Authors: Tian Zhisen , Ning Cong , Fu Changfeng , Xu Feng , Zou Congcong , Zhu Qingsan , Cai Jun , Wang Yuanyi
Published: June 2020

Introduction

Glioma is the most common primary intracranial tumour that is highly resistant to conventional therapeutic approaches including surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. As a promising alternative treatment, gene therapy has achieved variable degrees in both pre-clinical models and clinical trials.

Material and methods

In our present research, the role of calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2 (CALCOCO2) in the pathogenesis and progression of glioma was investigated in human glioma U87 and U251 cell lines. In both cell lines, CALCOCO2 is highly expressed. Targeted by lentivirus vectors, the CALCOCO2 gene was successfully silenced in U87 and U251 cell lines. Both cell counting and MTT assay showed the inhibition of cell growth and cell proliferation in CALCOCO2-silenced glioma cell lines.

Results

Flow cytometry (FCM) and caspase3/7 measurements indicated that the silencing of CALCOCO2 gene could also promote cell apoptosis in both cell lines. The underlying mechanism was further explored by gene microarray and western blotting. The CALCOCO2 gene is strongly related to cancer by affecting the expression of hundreds of genes. Among which, the silencing of CALCOCO2 significantly upregulated the pro-apoptosis genes FAS and CASP1 and downregulated the autophagy-related gene BECN1. These data suggest that by regulating FAS, CASP1, and BECN1, the silencing of CALCOCO2 suppresses the growth and proliferation of U87 and U251 glioma cell lines.

Conclusions

The CALCOCO2 could be a potential target for glioma genetic therapy.
Long non-coding RNA PTCSC3 inhibits human oral cancer cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis and autophagy
Authors: Zhang Hongmei , Wang Jiang , Xun Wenxing , Wang Jia , Song Wei , Wang Xiaoxia
Published: June 2020

Introduction

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have gained increased attention due to the discovery of their roles in cancer-related processes. LncRNA PTCSC3 has been shown to have tumour-suppressive effects in thyroid cancer and glioblastoma. This study investigated the role of lncRNA PTSC3 in human oral cancer.

Material and methods

Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. The induction of apoptosis was confirmed by 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and Annexin V/PI assays. Ultrastructural analysis was performed by electron microscopy. Transwell assay was used to monitor the invasion of oral cancer cells.

Results

The results revealed significant (p < 0.05) suppression of PTCSC3 expression in human oral cancer tissues and cell lines. The overexpression of PTCSC3 caused a significant (p < 0.05) decline in the proliferation of the human oral cancer cells via induction of apoptotic cell death which was accompanied by remarkable enhancement of Bax and suppression of Bcl-2. The electron microscopic analysis showed the development of autophagic vesicles in both the SCC-1 and SCC-9 cells indicative of autophagy. The western blotting analysis showed that PTCSC3 overexpression caused a remarkable increase in LC3B-I and Beclin 1 expression. PTCSC3 overexpression caused a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in invasion of the human SCC-1 and SCC-9 oral cancer cells. The invasion of the SCC-1 and SCC-9 cells was inhibited by 62% and 69% respectively.

Conclusions

Overall, the evidence suggests that lncRNA PTCSC3 acts as a tumour suppressor in human oral cancer and suppresses oral cancer proliferation via induction of apoptosis and autophagy.
Game of “crowning” season 8: RAS and reproductive hormones in COVID-19 – can we end this viral series?
Authors: Cismaru Andrei Cosmin , Cismaru Laurentiu Gabriel , Nabavi Seyed , Berindan-Neagoe Ioana , Clementi Emilio , Banach Maciej , Nabavi Seyed
Published: June 2020

The outbreak of a newly identified coronavirus, the SARS-CoV-2 (alternative name 2019-nCoV), capable of jumping across species causing zoonosis with severe acute respiratory syndromes (SARS), has alerted authorities worldwide. Soon after the epidemic was first detected in the city of Wuhan in the Hubei Province of China, starting in late December 2019, the virus spread over multiple countries in different continents, being declared a pandemic by March 2020. The demographic characteristics of the infected patients suggest that age, sex, and comorbidities are predictive factors for the fatality of the infection. The mechanisms of viral entry into the human host cells seem to be in a close relationship with the mechanisms of regulating the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which may explain the pathogenesis associated with the infection. This brings new insights into the possibilities of exploiting viral entry mechanisms to limit associated complications by means of enhancing the resistance of the infected patients using methods of regulating the RAS and strategies of modulating ACE2 expression. In this perspective article we exploit the mechanisms of COVID-19 pathogenesis based on the demographic characteristics of the infected patients reported in the recent literature and explore several approaches of limiting the initial steps of viral entry and pathogenesis based on viral interactions with ACE2 and RAS. We further discuss the implications of reproductive hormones in the regulation of the RAS and investigate the premise of using endocrine therapy against COVID-19.
Genetic diversity and genetic origin of Lanping black-boned sheep investigated by genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
Authors: Xiong Heli , He Xiaoming , Li Jing , Liu Xingneng , Peng Chaochao , Xi Dongmei , Deng Weidong
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Lanping black-boned sheep was first discovered in the 1950s in Lanping county of China and characterized by black pigmentation on skin and internal organs. Due to the novel and unique trait, the genetic background of Lanping black-boned sheep is of great interest. Here, we genotyped genome-wide SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) of Lanping black-boned sheep and Lanping normal sheep using Illumina OvineSNP50 BeadChip to investigate the genetic diversity and genetic origin of Lanping black-boned sheep. We also downloaded a subset SNP dataset of two Tibet-lineage sheep breeds and four other sheep breeds from the International Sheep Genomics Consortium (ISGC) as a reference for interpreting. Lanping black-boned sheep had a lower genetic diversity level when compared to seven other sheep breeds. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that Lanping black-boned sheep and Lanping normal sheep were clustered into the Asian group, but there was no clear separation between the two breeds. Structure analysis demonstrated a high ancestry coefficient in Lanping black-boned sheep and Lanping normal sheep. However, the two populations were separated into two distinct branches in a neighbor-joining (NJ) tree. We further evaluated the genetic divergence using population FST, which showed that the genetic differentiation that existed between Lanping black-boned sheep and Lanping normal sheep was higher than that between Tibet sheep and Changthangi sheep, which revealed that Lanping black-boned sheep is a different breed from Lanping normal sheep on the genetic level. In addition, structure analysis and NJ tree showed that Lanping black-boned sheep had a relatively close relation with Tibet sheep. The results reported herein are a first step toward understanding the genetic background of Lanping black-boned sheep, and it will provide informative knowledge on the unique genetic resource conservation and mechanism of novel breed formation.