bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
QUANTITATIVE BACTERIAL CULTURE OF URINE
Authors: Vejlsgaard René , Justesen Tage
Published: August 2010

Abstract Starting off with the aim of finding an easily available, simple, reliable and inexpensive method for demonstrating significant bacteriuria in major health screening projects, representative standard bacteriological methods, transport agar methods and chemical methods have been studied in parallel on a total of 493 urine samples. The reference method employed was the dilution method in a flood‐plate modification. The findings were as follows: 1) Methods conventionally employed (simple cultivation and phase‐contrast microscopy) were too uncertain. 2) The chemical methods (Nitristic® and Uriglox®) were undoubtedly specific, but too insensitive. 3) There was no essential difference between the four transport agar methods investigated (Uricult®, Inculator®, Urocult®, Cultube®). Both false positives and false negatives were at an acceptable level (<5%). These methods were found to satisfy the requirements of simplicity and reliability. The price per sample investigation can therefore be a decisive factor in the choice among screening projects, but not in the routine bacteriological laboratory. 4) In the routine bacteriological laboratory the loop method can be used with great advantage because of the high primary degree of differentiation, the calibration being constant within reasonable limits. However, if this method is to be used, it requires trained and well instructed laboratory personnel, and there should be current control by the dilution method. 5) In future comparative investigations of screening methods the dilution method should be used as a reference method.
PLASMA CONCENTRATION OF DIGOXIN IN OUT‐PATIENTS
Authors: Schröder G. , Abrahamsson L. , Wassén A. , Malmcrona R. , Bergqvist N.
Published: August 2010

Abstract Forty‐eight male and 25 female consecutive outpatients on digoxin therapy have been studied in respect of their glycoside level in plasma by the 86Rb method. The variability of plasma concentrations was high at all dose levels. For men those on the lowest dose had the lowest plasma digoxin concentration. Men had a negative correlation between plasma concentration of digoxin and arterial BP and GOT. For women there was a higher variability of concentration than in men and their mean values at different dose levels did not differ. No correlation with interval from last dose and sampling or with serum creatinine values was detected. The study indicates that the BP level might be a determinant for glycoside therapy. Patients with high BP may tolerate higher doses.
MYOCARDIAL METABOLISM OF EXOGENOUS PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDES IN RESTING MAN
Authors: Carlson Lars A. , Kaijser Lennart , Rössner Stephan , Wahlqvist Mark L.
Published: August 2010

AbstractA nephelometric technique has been used to measure concentrations of exogenous triglyceride in arterial and coronary sinus blood. The technique has been validated in a comparison of estimated arterial‐coronary sinus differences with those obtained by the chemical determination of total plasma triglyceride. Statistically significant disappearances of exogenous triglyceride across the coronary circulation were observed both during the lipaemia after a fatty meal and during the i.v. infusions of a fat emulsion and glucose solution. The uptake of exogenous triglycerides, about 6% of the arterial concentration, could supply about 50% of the heart's energy requirements. Significant productions of glycerol across the coronary circulation were found in both types of fed state in amounts corresponding to a complete lipolysis of 25–50% of the exogenous triglyceride removed. Net myocardial extractions of free fatty acids were less than in a previous study in the fasting state, which may mean that all triglyceride fatty acid released by lipolysis is not taken up by the myocardium. Also, myocardial extraction of blood glucose was less in the oral fed state than in a previous study in the fasting state.
THE EARLIEST PHASE OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN MAN
Authors: Biörck G. , Erhardt L. R.
Published: August 2010

Abstract The events in the earliest phase of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in man are relatively unknown. This is a case report of a patient already treated in a coronary care unit and monitored on ECG when developing an AMI. A very early appearing bradyarrhythmia was noted and its significance is discussed in connection with possible mechanisms of sudden death.
THE DIAGNOSIS OF PULMONARY EMBOLISM WITH GAMMACAMERA
Authors: Granath Arne , Johansson Evald , Nordlander Sverker , Södermark Tore , Åsard Per‐Erik
Published: August 2010

Abstract A retrospective analysis has been performed on patients investigated with pulmonary scintigraphy on suspicion of pulmonary embolism. Seventy‐four patients have been investigated during a 2‐year period and a comparison has been made between clinical diagnosis, scintigraphy, chest X‐ray and ECG. The method of scintigraphy is described and evaluated. Scintigraphy is of considerable value in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism as it is a simple procedure for the patient, well correlated to clinical findings, as well as giving good quantitative data. It also allows for an evaluation of therapeutic results. Chest X‐rays provide poor information, and characteristic ECG changes are only seen in the most advanced cases.
STUDIES ON URINARY INFECTIONS IN DIABETICS
Authors: Vejlsgaard René
Published: August 2010

Abstract There are few and contradictory investigations available on the occurrence of significant bacteriuria in pregnant diabetics. In the present study the occurrence of significant bacteriuria (>103 colonies/ml urine) has been investigated in 132 pregnant diabetics, who were followed throughout pregnancy and matched to three well defined control groups of, respectively, 132 non‐pregnant diabetics, 132 pregnant non‐diabetics, and 132 non‐pregnant non‐diabetics. The matching criteria have been age, duration of diabetes, parity and gestational age at the time of the investigation. The results were as follows: 1) Significant bacteriuria occurred significantly more frequently in pregnant diabetics than in pregnant non‐diabetics (18.2% v. 4.5%). 2) Significant bacteriuria did not occur more frequently in pregnant diabetics than in non‐pregnant diabetics (18.2% v. 11.4%). 3) E. coli was the most frequently isolated bacterial species in all groups. 4) Further investigations are necessary before anything can be stated concerning the possible significance of pregnancy in the development of significant bacteriuria.
ANERYTHRAEMIC DI GUGLIELMO SYNDROME
Authors: Petersen Helena Søndergaard
Published: August 2010

Abstract As there may, perhaps, be a tendency to disregard a diagnosis of acute erythraemic myelosis when there are no erythroblasts in the peripheral blood, such a case observed in a 69‐year‐old man with pancytopenia and hypercellular bone marrow is reported. Of the bone marrow cells 85% were erythroblasts, most of which were basophilic. Many of the cells were megaloblastoid, often multilobular or multinuclear with a strongly positive PAS reaction. No erythroblasts were observed in the peripheral blood. The case must be classified as one of anerythraemic, aleukaemic Di Guglielmo syndrome.
LARGE SCALE PRODUCTION OF STERILE, DISTILLED WATER FOR HOSPITAL DIALYSIS
Authors: Dawids Steen Gamwell
Published: August 2010

Abstract An all stainless steel equipment for production and distribution of distilled and sterile water at the rate of 500 1/h to a 9‐bed hospital hemodialysis unit is presented. A 2‐year trial period has proved that the product water is of high chemical purity, permanently sterile and free from pyrogens, fulfilling the requirements for “aqua purissima sterilisata”. Excluding depreciation of the installation, the water is produced at a price of D.kr. 9.36 (equivalent to US$1.37) per 1000 litres.
THROMBOCYTOSIS
Authors: Selroos Olof
Published: August 2010

Abstract The numbers of circulating platelets have been determined in a series comprising 4 003 hospitalized patients. An elevated platelet count (> 400 000/μl) was found in 222 cases. Frequency figures of thrombocytosis in excess of 30% found in myeloproliferative disorders, amyloidosis, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and Hodgkin's disease. In several diseases the cause of an increased number of circulating platelets is obscure, and the term “reactive thrombocytosis” is often applied. It is noteworthy that a high frequency of elevated platelet counts was found in diseases in which immunological mechanisms are known or assumed to play a part in the pathogenesis. The results obtained are briefly discussed in relation to those from earlier investigations, and an indication is given of the diagnostic implications of an increase in platelet value.
CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION IN EXTREME OBESITY
Authors: Backman L. , Freyschuss U. , Hallberg D. , Melcher A.
Published: August 2010

AbstractCardiovascular function in 19 patients with obesity has been studied by electrocardiography (ECG), exercise test, determination of heart and blood volumes, and right heart catheterization. Pathological ECG findings appeared in one patient at rest and during exercise, and in another only during exercise. Blood volume was low in relation to body weight, but hemoglobin concentration was normal. Heart volume and stroke volume were normally related to the total amount of hemoglobin (THb), while the working capacity (W170) in eight cases was low in relation to THb. The cardiac output was found to be normal when related to the oxygen intake both at rest and during exercise. There was a statistically significant linear relationship between intravascular pressures and cardiac output. Brachial artery pressures and left ventricle filling pressure were significantly elevated at rest and during exercise, while pulmonary artery pressures and end‐diastolic pressure of the right ventricle showed a statistically significant steeper rise with increase in cardiac output than normally found. It is concluded that the circulatory dimensions and the cardiac output reflect an adequate adaptation to the metabolic demands laid upon the circulation in obesity. The elevated filling pressures of the ventricles and the high systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance, however, suggest that obesity is not without deleterious effect on cardiovascular function.
LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE ACTIVITY OF HUMAN ADIPOSE TISSUE IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF HYPERLIPIDEMIA
Authors: Persson B.
Published: August 2010

Abstract Lipoprotein lipase activity (LPLA) of subcutaneous adipose tissue has been assayed in 249 subjects, who have been grouped according to the electrophoretic pattern of serum lipoproteins or according to a classification based on serum triglyceride and cholesterol determinations with groups corresponding to the electrophoretic types. Type I was not represented in the material. Type IV and group 4 as well as the only three cases with type III are characterized by a lower LPLA per wet weight of the tissue than a serum lipid normal group. Subjects with type II A or group 2 A have about normal LPLA levels, while those with group 2 B seem to have an intermediate LPLA level. The estimated total body content of adipose tissue LPLA was about the same in the different groups, while this estimate as well as the tissue concentration of the enzyme was higher for women than for men in the lipid normal groups. Increasing degree of obesity was correlated with decreasing LPLA, while age per se does not seem to influence the activity level. There was a negative correlation between LPLA and the serum triglyceride level, but the dependence of this correlation on other variables seems to differ between the sexes.
LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE ACTIVITY OF HUMAN ADIPOSE TISSUE IN HEALTH AND IN SOME DISEASES WITH HYPERLIPIDEMIA AS A COMMON FEATURE
Authors: Persson B.
Published: August 2010

Abstract Adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity (LPLA), serum triglycerides, cholesterol and free fatty acids (FFA), blood glucose and aceto‐acetate have been determined in groups of 50 healthy men and 50 healthy women. Groups of subjects with atherosclerotic disease, diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance, high alcohol consumption, uremia and some patients with myxedema, nephrosis and insuloma have been studied in the same way. In comparison with a majority of normo‐ and hyperlipidemic subjects the relation between LPLA and serum lipids did not seem to be modified by either atherosclerotic disease or different degrees of glucose intolerance. On the contrary, in subjects with alcohol overconsumption LPLA was normal or high, in spite of a high incidence of hyperlipidemia. Thirty uremic subjects were characterized by low LPLA, increased levels of serum triglycerides, cholesterol and blood aceto‐acetate, while serum FFA was low.
IMPROVED DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION BY FREQUENT SERUM ENZYME DETERMINATIONS
Authors: Bergström Kurt , Säwe Urbain
Published: August 2010

Abstract Frequent and careful enzyme analyses in patients admitted to a coronary care unit (CCU) have resulted in an improved diagnostic discrimination in the borderline between angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarction—i.e. the intermediate coronary syndrome. Changes in the serum enzyme values with a course like that for AMI but within the normal value were found in about 10% of the patients admitted to the CCU. Some myocardial infarction courses were prolonged and showed several GOT peaks, especially when status anginosus occurred before admission. It is suggested that the patients belonging to the intermediate coronary syndrome have a minor myocardial infarction and these patients are of special interest when discussing secondary preventive measures.
HYPOGLYCAEMIA AFTER PROPRANOLOL IN CHILDREN
Authors: Hesse Birger , Pedersen Jim Thuesen
Published: August 2010

Abstract Propranolol‐induced hypoglycaemia was seen in two healthy siblings, a boy aged 20 months and a 3‐year‐old girl. Treatment with carbohydrate had an immediate effect on the symptoms. There were no cardiac complications apart from moderate bradycardia, which may obscure the diagnosis.
HYPERSENSITIVITY TO DIFFERENT ACTH PEPTIDES
Authors: Forssman Olof , Mulder Jan
Published: August 2010

Abstract A male patient, born in 1920, presented a history with bronchial asthma and lupus erythematosus with haemolytic anaemia and rheumatoid arthritis. In 1957 the patient acquired hypersensitivity to porcine ACTH with signs of anaphylaxis. Positive intracutaneous tests and/or Prausnitz‐Küstner's test were observed for the following preparations: 1. Native preparations of porcine and human ACTH of various purity. 2. Synthetic ACTH peptides with human amino acid sequences (αh1–39, αh1–28) without addition of any prolongating agent. 3. Synthetic peptide, comprising the N‐terminal part of ACTH and common to all species known so far, possessing full steroidogenic property (α1–24). Intracutaneous tests were negative for a peptide comprising only the first 14 N‐terminal amino acids in the molecule. The results show that allergic reactions, induced by porcine ACTH, are also obtained with natural and synthetic human ACTH and synthetic shorter chain ACTH peptides.
CLINICAL EXPERIENCES WITH PRESERVATION OF NECROKIDNEYS
Authors: Løkkegaard Hans , Nerstrøm Benni
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Sixty‐one necrokidneys have been preserved by means of hypothermic storage following a short initial cooling perfusion with a perfusate which mimics the intracellular ion composition. Five kidneys failed to function due to acute vascular rejection, but the remaining 56 functioned satisfactorily at some time after transplantation, the criterion being that the lowest obtained serum creatinine in the recipient reached normal or nearly normal values. Fifty‐seven kidneys originated from neurosurgical donors, in whom assisted respiration was stopped after demonstration of brain death and from whom the kidneys were removed after cardiac arrest. Four kidneys originated from donors with sudden cardiac arrest. The kidneys from the neurosurgical donors were divided into two groups according to pretreatment of the donor with chlorpromazine. In group 1 (26 kidneys) no chlorpromazine was given and in group 2 (31 kidneys) chlorpromazine 4 mg/kg b.wt. was given just before stopping the assisted ventilation. The pretreatment with chlorpromazine increased the number of immediately functioning kidneys after transplantation from 56 to 85% and, since the two groups were almost similar with respect to factors which may influence the postoperative kidney function, it is concluded that the difference derives from the use of chlorpromazine. No difference in the best achieved kidney function could be demonstrated between the two groups. Six kidneys had a cold ischaemic time between 14 and 21 hours (group 3). All these kidneys functioned after transplantation, and normal or nearly normal serum creatinine values were obtained in the recipients.
INHIBITION OF THE NORADRENALINE‐INDUCED ADENYL CYCLASE STIMULATION BY AUGMENTED α‐ADRENERGIC RESPONSE IN SUBCUTANEOUS ADIPOSE TISSUE FROM HYPOTHYROID SUBJECTS
Authors: Grill Valdemar , Rosenqvist Urban
Published: August 2010

Abstract.The hypothyroid state in man has previously been shown to be accompanied by a decreased lipolytic response to noradrenaline in vitro. In earlier publications this diminished response was shown to be due to an enhanced α‐adrenergic receptor responsiveness. In order to further elucidate the mode of action of the altered α‐adrenergic receptor activity, the adenyl cyclase‐c‐AMP system was studied in fat pads and isolated fat cells from hypothyroid, and in fat pads from euthyroid, subjects. The accumulation of3H‐c‐AMP was measured after labeling of intracellular ATP with3H‐adenine. Incubations were carried out for 10 min with noradrenaline in the presence or absence of the α‐adrenergic blocking agent phentolamine. Noradrenaline caused a significant stimulation of3H‐c‐AMP accumulation in adipose tissue from control subjects, while no significant stimulation was seen in specimens from the hypothyroid subjects. The addition of phentolamine to the noradrenaline‐containing media markedly augmented3H‐c‐AMP levels in tissue from both groups. The latter response could not be mimicked by short‐term addition of triiodothyronine. The results indicate that the α‐receptor controls lipolysis by lowering intracellular levels of cyclic AMP. It is suggested that thyroid hormones might affect the α‐receptors in a long‐term, indirect manner rather than by directly blocking the receptors.
THE EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON THE WEDGED AND FREE HEPATIC VENOUS PRESSURE IN NORMAL MEN
Authors: Lundbergh P. , Strandell T.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Hepatic vein catheterization has been performed in 10 healthy male volunteers, 20–27 years old. Wedged and free hepatic venous pressures were repeatedly measured in supine position, at rest and up to 35 min after heavy bicycle exercise that reduced the hepatic blood flow to about one third. The mean pressure difference between the wedged and free catheter positions was in all subjects higher after exercise than before. The average value of 0.76 mmHg at rest increased to 1.92 mmHg after exercise. If the wedged hepatic venous pressure still measured the portal venous pressure after exercise, the increased pressure gradient indicated a 2.5–3 times higher resistance to the portal blood flow over the hepatic sinusoids. This finding can be explained by increased water content and osmolarity of the hepatocytes, causing a mechanical obstruction of the sinusoids. The pathogenesis might be metabolic or hypoxic changes induced by the exercise.
CONFIRMATION OF POSTCHOLECYSTECTOMY BILIARY DYSKINESIA BY ELEVATION OF SERUM TRANSAMINASES (GOT AND GPT) AFTER INJECTION OF MORPHINE?
Authors: Holtzer J. D. , Hulst S. G. Th.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. In 39 cholecystectomized patients and 62 patients without previous cholecystectomy the effect of i.m. injection of morphine on the serum concentrations of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, GOT, GPT, LDH and amylase has been studied. Most of the cholecystectomized patients in whom the injection of morphine provoked a reaction of abdominal pain showed increased serum activity of both GOT and GPT 8 hours after the injection of morphine. The results suggest that this “morphine‐enzyme‐pain provocation” may be helpful in differentiating dyskinesia of the sphincter Oddi from other postcholecystectomy abdominal complaints.
THE UPTAKE OF GALLIUM‐67 IN EUTHYROID PATIENTS WITH MULTINODULAR GOITRE
Authors: Roos J. , Schoot J. B. v. d.
Published: August 2010

Abstract.The presence of a carcinoma in a multinodular goitre of an euthyroid patient cannot be ruled out by means of radioactive iodine and technetium scanning. Gallium‐67 (Ga‐67) citrate, a radiopharmaceutical with high tumour affinity, has been given intravenously to 13 patients. Five patients showed a positive gallium scan of the thyroid gland, 3 of them had a thyroid carcinoma, 1 a leiomyosarcoma and 1 thyroiditis. Two other patients showed uptake of radioactive gallium in a metastasis of thyroid carcinoma in the skull. The remaining 6 patients showed a negative gallium scan of the thyroid gland, 2 of them had a small thyroid carcinoma. Scanning with Ga‐67 seems to be useful in the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma.
SERUM CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH THIAZIDES AND FUROSEMIDE
Authors: Lindy Seppo , Tarssanen Leo
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Serum calcium and phosphorus have been determined in 36 patients treated with thiazide or furosemide diuretics for at least 3 months. In the group treated with thiazides serum calcium was significantly higher than in the control group. When serum calcium and phosphorus values were evaluated by linear discriminant function analysis, the group treated with thiazides differed significantly from its control group. No differences could be seen in the patients treated with furosemide as compared with their controls. Thiazide treatment should be considered in the differential diagnosis of disturbances in serum calcium and phosphorus metabolism.
SERUM THYROTROPHIN AND RESPONSE TO THYROTROPHIN‐RELEASING HORMONE IN PATIENTS WHO ARE EUTHYROID AFTER RADIOIODINE TREATMENT FOR HYPERTHYROIDISM
Authors: Gordin Ariel , Wägar Gustav , Hernberg Carl August
Published: August 2010

Abstract.The serum thyrotrophin (TSH) level was elevated in 9 (13%) of 72 euthyroid patients treated with radioiodine for hyperthyroidism 1–10 years previously. In 5 of them circulating thyroglobulin antibodies (TgA) were detected, whereas only 12 of the remaining 63 patients with a normal serum TSH were TgA‐positive. The thyro‐trophin‐releasing hormone (TRH) test was performed in 27 patients about 3 months after the initial study. The response was exaggerated in 5 of 8 patients who had elevated serum TSH values at the initial examination, while it was normal in the remaining 3. The response to TRH was normal in 14 of 19 patients with a normal serum TSH level at the initial examination, while 5 failed to respond to TRH. None of the 5 euthyroid patients with a normal basal serum TSH but without response to TRH were LATS‐positive, and serum triiodothyronine was normal in those 4 in whom it was measured. Lack of response to TRH may have some pathophysiological significance in relation to thyroid autonomy and may suggest a relapse of hyperthyroidism.
DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF SERUM THYROXINE AND FREE THYROXINE INDEX
Authors: Liewendahl K. , Ruutu R. , Lamberg B.‐A.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A modified method for determination of serum total thyroxine (T4) using competitive protein‐binding is reported. This method proved particularly valuable when analysing a large number of serum samples. A clinical evaluation of T4 was performed in various thyroid disorders. T4 was found to be superior to serum protein‐bound iodine (PBI) in hyperthyroidism, mainly because of frequently encountered spuriously increased PBI values. In hypothyroidism PBI proved to be more accurate than T4, and there were many patients with low‐normal T4 values who benefited by administration of thyroid hormones. Three different free thyroxine indices were studied. One was similar to the original free thyroxine index, here abbreviated T8I, defined as the product of PBI and triiodothyronine uptake by Sephadex (T3U). Another free thyroxine index (FT4I) was calculated as the product of T4 and thyroxine uptake by Sephadex (T4U). The product of T4 and TaU was the third free thyroxine index (FT3I) studied. Of these indices T3I had the lowest diagnostic accuracy in both hyper‐ and hypothyroidism. FT4I and FT3I were of approximately equal value in hyper‐ and hypothyroidism. The clinical usefulness of both FT4I and FT3I was superior to that of T4 in all conditions studied. It is recommended that both of these free thyroxine indices are determined when mild hyper‐ or hypothyroidism is suspected.
PERICARDIAL EFFUSION IN MAN
Authors: Olsson S. B. , Brorson L. , Cotoi S. , Varnauskas E. , Werkö L.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The study describes the haemodynamic events in five patients with moderate pericardial effusion before, during and after gradual withdrawal of the pericardial fluid. The most marked changes occurred in all cases after the first portion had been aspirated. In general this resulted in an increase in stroke volume and arterial blood pressure although with great individual variations. The intrapericardial, right atrial and left ventricular enddiastolic pressures decreased in all patients. In two cases with constrictive components these latter two pressures, however, remained at a pathologically elevated level at the end of the investigation. In the other cases there was an almost parallel fall in pericardial pressure and in diastolic intracardial pressure in the right as well as the left heart. The described method with simultaneous recording of intrapericardial and intracardial pressure can be used to distinguish between two types of pericardial disease at an early stage of the investigation. One type is characterized by fluid effusion only, while the other has the effusion superimposed upon more pronounced anatomical changes of the visceral layer of the pericardium and possibly also of the myocardium.
PENETRATING LACERATION OF THE PERICARDIUM AND MYOCARDIUM AND MYOCARDIAL RUPTURE FOLLOWING CLOSED‐CHEST CARDIAC MASSAGE
Authors: Agdal Niels , Jørgensen Torben Glarborg
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Two cases of pericardial laceration and penetrating myocardial injury and one case of pericardial laceration and myocardial rupture in vital tissue are submitted. These complications do not seem to have been reported previously following closed‐chest cardiac massage. The genesis of the injuries is discussed.
ISOENZYME PATTERNS OF SERUM ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE IN ETHANOL‐INDUCED LIVER INJURY
Authors: Brohult Johan , Sundblad Lars
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Abnormal agar gel electrophoretic patterns of alkaline phosphatase (AP) isoenzymes have been demonstrated in 11 out of 16 chronic alcoholics in spite of normal or borderline routine liver tests (total AP, GOT, GPT, bilirubin). The abnormality consisted of the presence of a fast‐moving α1‐fraction known to be related to hepatic disease preferably of obstructive type. The presence of α1‐AP appears to be a more sensitive indicator of ethanol‐induced liver damage than LDH‐5 and OCT.
TRACE ELEMENTS IN SERUM AND URINE FROM HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS BEFORE AND DURING TREATMENT WITH CHLORTHALIDONE
Authors: Wester P. O.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Urinary excretion of antimony, arsenic, bromine, cadmium, caesium, cobalt, copper, gold, iron, mercury, molybdenum, rubidium, scandium, silver, tungsten and zinc from 16 hypertensive patients before and during treatment with chlorthalidone has been investigated. The serum concentration of these elements before and after treatment was determined in 10 of the patients. The method consisted of neutron activation analysis combined with a recently developed ion exchange technique. The serum concentration as well as the urinary excretion of the 17 trace elements investigated in untreated hypertensive patients did not differ significantly from those of normotensive subjects. During treatment with chlorthalidone a raised urinary excretion of bromine, cadmium, cobalt, rubidium and zinc and a decreased urinary excretion of caesium were observed. A significantly decreased serum concentration after 5 days' treatment was only noted for rubidium.
HAEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF β‐RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENTS AND DIGITALIS IN ISCHAEMIC CORONARY HEART DISEASE WITH ANGINA PECTORIS
Authors: Dunér Hans , Pernow Bengt
Published: August 2010

Abstract.The haemodynamic effects of β‐receptor blocking agents (propranolol and pindolol) alone and in combination with digitalis have been studied at rest and during exercise in 20 patients with coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. Right heart catheterization was performed and cardiac output was determined by the indicator‐dilution technique. β‐blockade induced at rest a significant fall in heart rate, all other variables studied being fairly unchanged. During exercise the cardiac output and stroke volume were lower than before β‐blockade, while the BP in the right ventricle, pulmonary artery and pulmonary wedged position rose. Propranolol gave a slightly greater increase in pulmonary artery wedged pressure compared to pindolol, but no significant differences concerning the other variables studied. After administration of digitalis together with a β‐blocking agent the systolic and end‐diastolic pressures of the right ventricle as well as the pulmonary artery wedged pressure during exercise were significantly lower than after β‐blockade alone. Cardiac output, stroke volume and calculated left ventricular work index were all significantly higher, while the product of heart rate and systolic BP was unchanged. These findings indicate that digitalis eliminates the negative inotropic effect of a β‐blocking agent but leaves the negative chronotropic effect unchanged. It is suggested that, when a β‐blocking agent is used in the treatment of angina pectoris, digitalization seems to be indicated when cardiac failure is likely to appear.
ELEVATED GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE IN INSULIN‐TREATED SHORT‐TERM DIABETES
Authors: Mogensen Carl Erik
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has been measured in 38 male juvenile diabetics with a duration of diabetes of 1–12 years. The GFR was clearly elevated, as found earlier. There was no correlation to blood sugar levels. Even in patients with blood sugar values from 50 to 100 mg/100 ml the GFR was elevated to the same extent as in patients with higher values. The actual blood sugar during the clearance procedure cannot therefore be of importance for the high GFR observed in diabetic patients.
PREHOSPITAL PHASE OF PATIENTS ADMITTED TO A CORONARY CARE UNIT
Authors: Erhardt L. R. , Sjögren A. , Säwe U. , Theorell T.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The interval between onset of chest pain and admission to a Stockholm Coronary Care Unit (CCU) has been investigated in 137 patients, 42% of whom were in the CCU within 3 hours (median about 3½) of onset of symptoms. The main part of the interval was patient delay, 30% calling for help within 30 min, yet as many waiting for 3 hours or more before doing so. Of those seeking help within 30 min 85% were in the CCU within 3 hours of onset of symptoms. Almost half the patients sought help by calling the Central Health Information Centre and 84% of patients were sent to hospital without first being seen by a physician. The subsequent diagnosis, i.e. acute myocardial infarction or not, did not affect the delay. Factors in the past medical history associated with a shorter delay were “previous CCU care” and “visit to physician during last year”. Delay was also shorter for patients not at home at the time of onset of symptoms and for those who encountered a positive attitude when calling for medical help. For unknown reasons there were significantly more patients with anterior infarcts among those with a short delay. Sex, age and self‐diagnosis did not affect the delay.
LATE RISE IN SGPT AFTER ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Erhardt L. R. , Sjögren A. , Säwe U.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The present study draws attention to a late rise in SGPT following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) beginning about 4 days after the SGOT max. This observation is illustrated by an investigation of 7 patients, selected because of this finding, and 7 controls, also with an AMI, but without this enzyme pattern. Peak SGOT and LDH enzyme levels during the acute phase were similar in the two groups. The late SGPT rise was associated with high serum alkaline phosphatases 2 weeks after the AMI, but not 5–9 months later. Two weeks after onset of symptoms BSP excretion was commonly impaired but failed to separate the two groups. In contrast to the controls, BSP excretion was significantly improved at reinvestigation 5–9 months after the AMI in the group with the SGPT rise. 17) and can at times jeopardise the serum enzyme diagnosis of AMI (4, 5).

The present investigation of patients with AMI was initiated by repeated observations of a late rise in SGPT beginning about a week after onset of symptoms and exceeding simultaneous SGOT values. This rise was usually not accompanied by a rise in SGOT and was therefore assumed not to reflect reinfarction, nor was there any clinical evidence of this being the case. In an attempt to clarify this enzyme rise a further evaluation was made of hepatic function in 14 patients with AMI, 7 with and 7 without this enzyme rise.
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC, ARTERIOGRAPHY AND HEMODYNAMIC CORRELATION STUDIES IN CORONARY HEART PATIENTS WITH ANEURYSM OR AKINESIS OF LEFT VENTRICLE
Authors: Nitter‐Hauge Sigurd , Enge Ivar
Published: August 2010

Abstract.The results from left ventricular cineangiography have been compared with ECG, coronary arteriographic and hemodynamic findings in 59 selected patients with coronary heart disease. All patients showed abnormal left ventricular contraction patterns; ventricular aneurysm was present in 22 patients, and ventricular akinesis in 37. All patients with aneurysm had a previous history of myocardial infarction, and there was a close correlation between the ECG pattern and the angiographic findings, while unspeciftc ECGs were commonly seen in patients with akinesis. All patients had severe coronary artery stenosis. No aneurysm was seen without occlusion of the major local artery, while the anatomical location of the arterial stenosis showed a less consistent relationship to the angiocardiographic findings in patients with akinesis. Left ventricular end‐diastolic pressures were analysed before and after left ventricular angiography and found to be elevated in most patients. No differences were found between patients with aneurysm compared with those with akinesis.
SERUM LEVELS AND RENAL EXCRETION OF DIGOXIN IN THE ELDERLY
Authors: Iisalo E. , Ruikka I.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Bioavailiability of digoxin from three different preparations (S, W and L) has been studied by radioimmunoassay of serum and urinary digoxin in a crossover study. In 25 elderly patients preparations W and L caused significantly higher serum digoxin levels than S, but did not differ from each other in the rapidity of the change or the levels reached. Serum and urinary digoxin of 11 patients were measured on two consecutive days, 10–14 days after changing the preparation. The daily urinary excretion of digoxin is a good criterion of absorption and seems to be in a certain balance with digoxin in the serum. Creatinine and digoxin clearances were positively correlated. In spite of the relatively low creatinine clearances of these elderly patients the better absorption of preparations W and L was greatly compensated by increased renal excretion of digoxin. The dosage of digoxin, when changing preparations, should be adjusted individually.
THE PERIPHERAL NERVE FUNCTION IN CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE
Authors: Nielsen V. Kamp
Published: August 2010

Abstract. In uremic patients the sensory conduction velocity was relatively more reduced in the wristelbow segment than in the digit‐wrist segment of the median nerve when the nervous impulse was initiated by supramaximal stimuli delivered to sensory fibers in digit 1 or 3. The proximal segment became affected earlier in the course of progressive kidney insufficiency than the distal segment. These findings were also apparent from the longitudinal course in the individual patient, and it is suggested that the uremic intoxication of the axon membrane function leads to a decremental impulse propagation.
TREATMENT OF ACUTE LEUKEMIA IN ADULTS
Authors: Stavem Per , Gjemdal Torbjørn
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A total of 66 adult patients with acute leukemia were seen in the 2‐year period May 1971 ‐ May 1973. In 4 patients the rate of progression was judged to be slow, and they were therefore left untreated. Two patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) died 12 hours and 7 days, respectively, after start of treatment and are excluded as non‐evaluable. The remaining 60 treated patients include 8 acute lymphatic leukemias with 7 remissions, 6 stem cell leukemias with 5 remissions, and 46 AMLs with 25 remissions. Treatment of 26 patients with AML started more than 12 months ago; 16 of them went into remission and have a median survival of 14 months, compared to 4 months in the 10 not obtaining remission. Five AML patients are in complete remission, 28, 27, 26, 23 and 22 months, respectively, after start of therapy.
ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION, UNILATERAL CONTRACTED KIDNEY AND SUBCLAVIAN STEAL SYNDROME
Authors: Olsen Finn , Hilden Mogens , Jessen Knud , Loft Birte
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A case report is published concerning arterial hypertension, unilateral contracted kidney, subclavian steal syndrome, constriction of the right common carotid artery and hemolytic crisis. The renin concentration in the peripheral blood was found to be markedly increased. Following unilateral nephrectomy the renin concentration decreased to normal levels in the blood, but the hypertension remained. It is concluded that the elevated renin concentration was not the cause of the hypertension.
RED CELL 2,3‐DIPHOSPHOGLYCERATE IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTHYROIDISM BEFORE AND AFTER TREATMENT
Authors: Monti M.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Red blood cell 2,3‐DPG has been found to be increased in a group of 28 hyperthyroid patients. From a careful analysis of the results, taking into account Hb level, the increase seems to be non‐significant. According to the results of the present work red cell 2,3‐DPG cannot be used as a parameter to evaluate the result of treatment in hyperthyroidism, as advocated by previous investigators.
IMMUNOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES DURING IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT OF GLOMERULONEPHRITIS IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Authors: Munthe E. , Brodwail E. K. , øyri A. , Natvig J. B.
Published: August 2010

Abstract.Fluorescent microscopy examination of up to 4 consecutive renal biopsies has been performed during combined therapy with azathioprine and prednisone in each of 7 patients with SLE and glomerulonephritis. The changes in the immunopathological picture after treatment showed good correlation to the changes in renal function. In 2 cases a progression of immunofiuorescent changes corresponded well to a progression of renal insufficiency. The pattern of immunofluorescence microscopy and renal function was unchanged in 2 other cases. In 2 cases an improvement in the immunopathological findings corresponded with an improvement in renal function. One patient died shortly after the commencement of the treatment. Progression was seen particularly in the cases in whom the initial immunofluorescence pattern was very lumpy. In contrast, the immunosuppressive therapy had the best effect in the cases with focal or diffuse granular immunofluorescence patterns.
BLOOD PRESSURE DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBJECTS WITH MODERATE BLOOD PRESSURE ELEVATION
Authors: Berglund Göran , Wilhelmsen Lars , Werkö Lars
Published: August 2010

Abstract. In an ongoing multifactor primary preventive trial in Göteborg, Sweden, one third of all men born in 1918–19 were invited to a screening examination including history‐taking and blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) measurement. The screening examination was attended by 1427 men (76%). Those who were considered to have “borderline” BP, i.e. SBP 160–175 or DBP 95–115 mmHg, were reexamined two years later regarding BP and HR. Of these 493 subjects 12% were considered hypertensives, i.e. they had SBP>175 or DBP> 115 mmHg or had been put on antihypertensive treatment. If the majority of new cases of hypertension is assumed to come from the borderline group, the incidence of new hypertension in this age (52 y) is about 2%. At the reexamination 39% of the former borderline hypertensives had normal BP. A substantial part of those with borderline BP thus had normalized their BP within two years. Those who developed hypertension were characterized by higher SBP and HR already at the initial screening examination. They also tended to have lower physical activity at work and during leisure, and higher stress experience. These differences were, however, not statistically significant.
THE RELATION OF PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY TO LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY AND RETINOPATHY IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Jörgensen Hans , Sundsfjord Johan A.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Plasma renin activity (PRA) has been determined in 72 hypertensive patients in the supine position at 8 a.m. after 48 hours' sodium restriction. Mean PRA was highest in patients with renal disease, but individual values overlapped with those from the 51 patients with “essential” hypertension. Ten patients were found to have low and unresponsive PRA (≤0.4 ng ang. I/ml/h); primary aldosteronism was diagnosed and verified by operation in 3 of them. After exclusion of patients with renal disease we found in the remainder, 54 patients, that the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was associated with a higher mean PRA than in patients without LVH. The relative frequency of LVH was, however, higher in the 10 patients with low, unresponsive PRA (50%) than in patients with normal or high PRA (43.3%). LVH was most closely related to the BP level, especially the systolic BP which was significantly higher in patients with LVH than in those without. It is concluded that the level of the BP is the single most important factor for the development of LVH, while renin‐angiotensin are probably of no direct importance. The patients were divided into two groups according to the severity of retinal changes. The relative frequency of the most advanced retinopathy (grades II and III after Keith and Wagener) was, unlike the occurrence of LVH, found to be lower in patients with low PRA, occurring in 1 of 10 patients as opposed to 12 of 44 patients with normal or high PRA. Presence of retinopathy grade II—III in patients with normal/high PRA was associated with a significantly higher mean PRA, than in patients with grade 0–1 changes. Patients with retinopathy grade II—III were not older, their hypertension had not been known for a longer time, but they had significantly higher systolic and diastolic BP than patients with retinopathy grade 0–1. Renin‐angiotensin may play a direct role for the development of retinal hypertensive arteriolopathy. The close association between a high mean PRA and BP in the patients with the most advanced retinopathy could mean that angiotensin increases the adverse effect of high BP on arteriolar walls.
CHANGES IN HEPATIC CIRCULATION AT REST, DURING AND AFTER EXERCISE IN YOUNG MALES WITH INFECTIOUS HEPATITIS COMPARED WITH CONTROLS
Authors: Lundbergh P. , Strandell T.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Hepatic venous catheterization has been performed in 10 young males with infectious hepatitis and 13 healthy male volunteers. Hepatic blood flow at rest in the supine position, estimated with indocyanine green dye in constant infusion, was significantly higher in the patients than in the controls (2.21 and 1.44 l/min, respectively). During supine leg exercise with heart rates about 170 beats/min the absolute reduction of total hepatic blood flow was similar in patients and controls. The arterio‐hepatic venous oxygen difference during exercise as compared with that at rest was doubled in the patients, but tripled in the controls. The splanchnic oxygen uptake at rest was significantly higher in the patients than in the controls and did not change significantly during exercise. At rest the patients had a significantly greater difference between wedged and free hepatic venous pressure than the controls, possibly due to swelling of the hepatocytes. The hyperkinetic hepatic circulation might have been caused by cellular damage and blood flow impairment with anoxia and a metabolically evoked vasodilatation and also by an increased regeneration of liver cells, as splanchnic oxygen uptake was elevated. Immunologic factors may also have contributed. No negative effects of the exercise were noted in 8 patients with serum bilirubin values below 4 mg/100 ml, whereas a relapse and a slightly delayed recovery were noted in 2 patients with serum bilirubin values of 9.6 and 5.8 mg/100 ml, respectively.
ERYTHROBLASTIC ISLANDS AND INEFFECTIVE ERYTHROPOIESIS IN VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY
Authors: Sjögren U. , Brandt L.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Bone marrow smears from 24 patients with anaemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency have been compared with smears from healthy controls. A threefold increase of erythroblastic islands and a predominance of basophilic erythroblasts were found in the patient group. There was a firm, positive correlation between the proportions of basophilic erythroblasts within the erythropoietic pool and the numbers of erythroblastic islands. It is suggested that the large numbers of erythroblastic islands in the patient group are a morphological sign of the ineffective erythropoiesis known to characterize megaloblastic anaemia. The results are compatible with an intramedullary death of especially polychromatic erythroblasts and phagocytosis of these cells by reticulum cells.
COAGULATION STUDIES IN HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME AND THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA
Authors: Ekberg Mats , Nilsson Inga Marie , Denneberg Torsten
Published: August 2010

Abstract.Seven patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and 4 with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) have been studied with almost daily determination of urinary fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) and the coagulation and fibrinolytic parameters in blood during the course of the disease. These studies have shown that intravascular coagulation might occur not only in TTP but even in an early phase of HUS. In all these cases there was a good correlation between the clinical course and the increase in platelet count and disappearance of FDP in the urine. The best way of handling the patients with HUS was an early institution of hemodialysis in combination with low dosage heparin. In the patients with TTP the best results were obtained with hemodialysis and adequate continuous heparin treatment.
LACTOFERRIN AND IRON ABSORPTION IN THE SMALL INTESTINE
Authors: de Vet B. J. C. M. , Van Gool J.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Lactoferrin (LF), an iron‐binding protein, has been studied in (1) duodenal fluid of 16 hematologi‐cally normal patients, (2) duodenal fluid of 9 patients with iron overload (idiopathic and secondary hemosiderosis), (3) T‐drain bile of 14 cholecystectomized patients. Patients with iron overload show on an average lower LF values in the duodenal fluid than normal individuals. This relation with iron metabolism is also present in the group of normal controls: higher iron and iron saturation levels of the plasma are accompanied by lower LF values. In the first days after cholecystectomy this relation is lost. Purified human LF, brought into the duodenum, distinctly inhibits iron absorption in the intestine during the first hours of absorption. However, this effect is absent in patients with idiopathic hemosiderosis.