bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correction: Evaluation of redox pairs for low-grade heat energy harvesting with a thermally regenerative cycle
Authors: Maldifassi José Tomás Bórquez , Russell Joseph B. , Kim Jungmyung , Brightman Edward , Chen Xiangjie , Bae Dowon
Published: February 2025

Correction for ‘Evaluation of redox pairs for low-grade heat energy harvesting with a thermally regenerative cycle’ by José Tomás Bórquez Maldifassi et al., Energy Adv., 2024, 3, 2877–2886, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4YA00368C.
Test–Retest Differences in the Wideband Middle Ear Muscle Reflex
Authors: Bramhall Naomi F. , Whittle Nicole K. , Feeney M. Patrick , McMillan Garnett P.
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

Assessment of the middle ear muscle reflex (MEMR) is a standard part of the clinical audiological test battery that is used to assess middle ear function and identify possible retrocochlear lesions. The use of a wideband MEMR probe allows for additional information across frequency and lower reflex thresholds compared to the standard tonal probe used clinically. Recent animal studies suggest that the wideband MEMR is sensitive to noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy, the selective loss of the synaptic connections between the inner hair cells and the afferent auditory nerve fibers. However, the clinical utility of the wideband MEMR as an indicator of cochlear deafferentation is still unclear. Prior to adoption of the wideband MEMR as part of a diagnostic battery for cochlear deafferentation, it is necessary to determine the test–retest reliability of the measurement.

Method:

In a sample of 45 adults with normal hearing and normal tympanograms, wideband MEMR magnitude and threshold were measured at two different test sessions in response to a contralateral broadband noise stimulus at elicitor levels ranging from 60 to 100 dB SPL. The time between test sessions ranged from 2 hr to 5 months.

Results:

Test–retest differences increased with elicitor level. In some individuals, there were changes in the magnitude and/or the frequency response of the MEMR between test sessions.

Conclusion:

When wideband MEMR testing becomes clinically available, test–retest differences in contralateral wideband MEMR magnitude and threshold can be referenced by clinicians to help with interpretation of wideband MEMR test results.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28454612
Predictive AI Maintenance of Distribution Oil‐Immersed Transformer via Multimodal Data Fusion: A New Dynamic Multiscale Attention CNN‐LSTM Anomaly Detection Model for Industrial Energy Management
Authors: Tamakloe Elvis , Kommey Benjamin , Kponyo Jerry John , Tchao Eric Tutu , Agbemenu Andrew Selasi , Klogo Griffith Selorm
Published: February 2025

Reactive and preventive maintenance strategies have been applied to avert transformer failures and safeguard their operations. However, these approaches have limitations of high operational downtimes, over‐ and under‐maintenance issues, maintenance fatigue and revenue loss. The advancements in machine learning and artificial intelligence have positively altered the machine and equipment maintenance landscape. Thus, predictive maintenance (PdM), in contrast to the above‐listed maintenance approaches, has laid the foundation for improving transformer maintenance by identifying incipient failures to solve the existing challenges. Recent developments in predictive maintenance of distribution power transformers have made great strides, but to solve the current challenge of accurate fault identification, this study proposed a new model architecture (DMSA CNN‐LSTM) using multimodal data fusion to address anomaly detection. A classification accuracy, F1‐score, precision and recall of 0.9917, 0.9714, 0.9781 and 0.9647, respectively, were produced on a fused multimodal dataset at a computational time of 619.898 s. The performance was afterwards evaluated against other state‐of‐the‐art benchmark models. The significance of this study lies in providing a scalable data‐driven architecture suitable for real‐time deployment in providing predictive solutions for transformers at a higher performance efficiency. This approach leverages deep neural networks that provide a comprehensive diagnostic and prognostic approach to mitigate transformer faults and breakdowns.
Infrared image‐based multi‐point temperature monitoring for ultra‐high‐voltage direct current wall bushings subject to insulation shed interference
Authors: Liang Huajie , Li Ziyou , Liu Zhaocong , Li Qiang , Zhang Shihong , Zhang Zhenyu , Wang Jinxiong , Jiang Jianbo , Zhou Chichun
Published: February 2025

Ultra‐high‐voltage direct current wall bushings are critical components in direct current transmission systems. Temperature variations and abnormal distributions can signal potential equipment failures that threaten system stability. Therefore, monitoring these critical multi‐point temperature variations is essential. However, the unique design of the bushings, featuring insulation sheds of periodic shape, distorts infrared temperature measurements by introducing interference points. These interference points, dependent on the measurement's angle and distance, appear irregularly in infrared images, severely impacting the accuracy of multi‐point temperature distribution assessments. To address this challenge, an anomaly detection method is proposed that adaptively identifies interference points. The method identifies interference points by comparing pixels and uses a voting mechanism to improve identification accuracy. Compared with traditional methods, this approach presents two main advantages: adaptive identification capability, which enables it to recognise interference points and adapt to changing conditions, and unsupervised learning, which enables it to work effectively without requiring manually labelled data. Experimental tests on 161 bushing infrared images demonstrate the effectiveness of the method, achieving a 100% success rate in identifying localised overheating issues. The method has been integrated into high‐voltage direct current transmission anomaly systems and can be used to monitor critical equipment, enhancing system reliability and safety.
Switching Dynamic and EMI Characterization of a 1.2 kV/100 A All‐SiC Module With the Easy‐2B Package
Authors: Xiao Yikang , Ji Shiqi , Zhao Zhengming , Shi Bochen , Xie Wenhao , Yang Mingyu , Sheng Chao , Yang Weitao
Published: February 2025

Switching transient processes of silicon carbide (SiC) devices induce several challenges, such as voltage and current overshoots, switching losses, , , and electromagnetic interference (EMI), threatening the safe and efficient operation of power electronic systems. Characterization of SiC modules is crucial to address these issues. This paper characterizes the dynamic and EMI performance of a state‐of‐the‐art all‐SiC module with the Easy‐2B package from Fuji Electric. Using a double pulse test (DPT) platform, the dynamic characteristics are assessed across varying load conditions and gate resistances. Additionally, EMI characteristics of the module are evaluated in a semi‐anechoic chamber. Results indicate significant impacts of gate drive parameters and load conditions on switching dynamic and EMI characteristics. These influences are further analyzed based on experimental results and theoretical analysis of the switching transient processes. Finally, the study identifies factors limiting switching speed improvements in SiC modules, including voltage and current overshoots, gate voltage oscillations, and EMI, offering valuable insights for improving device performance.
Reliability of Power Modules in Corrosive Environments: Effect of Heating on Dendritic Corrosion Growth in the Isolation Trenches
Authors: Rautio Juuso , Kärkkäinen Tommi J. , Jäppinen Janne , Korpinen Katriina , Niemelä Markku , Silventoinen Pertti , Leppänen Joonas A. R. , Ingman Jonny M.
Published: February 2025

Environments with high humidity and corrosive gases have been shown to cause dendritic corrosion growth in isolation trenches of power semiconductor modules. In time, the corrosion products can grow long enough to bridge the isolation trenches and cause failure of the component, and the device the component is part of. In this paper, applied heating was shown to effectively inhibit dendritic corrosion growth by reducing the effective relative humidity and thereby the thickness of the adsorbed water layer on the ceramic substrate surface. The findings can be applied to enhance the reliability of power electronic devices e.g. frequency converters, including those with standard components without special corrosion‐resistant packaging.
Implementing Load‐Side Operating Energy Reserves to Improve System Frequency Control Amid the Expansion of Distributed Generation
Authors: Mtolo Dumisani , Sarma Rudiren , Dorrell David G.
Published: February 2025

Eskom, South Africa's national power utility, is transitioning from centralised, large‐scale electricity coal generation to a more distributed, small‐scale inverter‐based renewable generation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This shift poses operational challenges, particularly in maintaining power system frequency stability, which relies on real‐time balancing of supply and demand. Traditionally, frequency stability has depended on accurate load forecasts, sufficient generation capacity, and energy reserves from large generators to handle disturbances. However, as the number of large generators decreases, energy reserves will also reduce, potentially compromising frequency stability. This paper introduces the concept of integrating small‐scale distributed generators to enhance both primary and secondary frequency control. By actively monitoring and managing these inverter‐based generators, while accounting for phase balancing and network congestion, the proposed system seeks to improve grid stability, minimise reliance on large generators, and mitigate the risk of secondary frequency drops within an unmanaged inverter‐based network (i.e. the high rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) may lead to inverter trips).
The impact of rural agritourism on the well-being of middle-aged and elderly adult’s: Motivational factors and psychological outcomes
Authors: Feng Li-Fe , Chiu Jun-Zhi
Published: February 2025

Governments worldwide promote “active ageing,” which improves quality of life for older adults. In this context, Taiwan’s rural agritourism presents a distinctive form of leisure character raised by its natural rural landscapes, unique farm-to-table culinary offerings, and rich cultural experiences. The elements provide older adults with profound and meaningful engagement, as well as the advantages of mental and physical rejuvenation. The objective of this paper is to examine whether the motivations that drive middle-aged and older adults to engage in rural agritourism have a positive impact on their overall well-being. The data were collected from 250 middle-aged and older adults in urban areas. The findings indicate that autonomy and relatedness have a positive impact on well-being, while competence does not. This study will help rural agritourism operators create travel itineraries for middle-aged and older adults, fostering sustainable rural tourism.
From Digital era to Digital Wellbeing era
Authors: Zangogianni Paraskevi-Chrysovalantou , Kavakli Evangelia
Published: February 2025

This study examines the concept of Digital Wellbeing (DWB), an emerging indicator of 21st-century quality of life. Using bibliometric analysis, 182 peer-reviewed articles from the Scopus database were analyzed to identify trends and patterns. Co-occurrence analysis of 689 keywords, visualized via VOSviewer, uncovered eight thematic clusters, including digital health, social media, digital addiction, privacy, and ethical design. The findings reveal a spectrum of perspectives, from optimistic views on technology’s ability to enhance human flourishing to critical approaches addressing its drawbacks. This study underscores the need for balanced, user-centered approaches to DWB, urging designers, policymakers, and researchers to prioritize ethical and sustainable practices. By mapping the intellectual structure of DWB, this research contributes to its conceptualization and provides a foundation for future empirical studies aimed at fostering a deeper understanding of the relationship between technology and human well-being.
A study on the correspondence between IPA notation and pinyin script of Bai language
Authors: Yang Jian , Xue Yujuan , Sun Liu , Luo Zengyong , Yang Yan
Published: February 2025

The Pinyin script of Bai language is the official script currently used by the Bai ethnic minority in China. However, due to various reasons, the process of its promotion and usage is relatively slow. The lack of learning materials for comparing Pinyin script of Bai language with Chinese has become an important obstacle to the application and promotion of Pinyin script of Bai language. Currently, there is no dedicated Bai language corpus, and a large part of the linguistic resources in existing research archives are directly annotated with international phonetic alphabet (IPA) for Bai language with its corresponding lists of transliteration and paraphrase of Mandarin Chinese. In contrast, resources for comparing Pinyin script of Bai language with Mandarin Chinese are very scarce. Addressing this problem, the paper studies the conversion rules from Bai language IPA to Pinyin script. The research results will help convert the existing Bai language corpus in literature from IPA to Pinyin script, greatly increasing the bilingual comparison resources of Bai language and Chinese, which can actively promote the usage of Pinyin Bai script and the protection and development of Bai language.
The Urgency of Ecological Consciousness and the Impact of Climate Crisis in Amitav Ghosh’s The Great Derangement: Climate Change and the Unthinkable
Authors: Krishna S.
Published: February 2025

Environmental Humanities, a surging multi - disciplinary field unravels the entanglement between the human and the non- human, the material and the affective modes of ecological crisis. Geo - politics began with the history of colonial extraction across the world in the form of trade and exchange, adventure and globalization. The ruthless manoeuvring of nature and the environment in the name of anthropocentricism aroused a sense of social responsibility among environmental activists, social scientists, writers and nature conservationist to bring about an awareness among humans to insist on the importance of conservation and protection of nature and to acknowledge the presence of non - human life forms and the need to revert back to old ways of living in coexistence with other species around. Today Environmental Humanities seek to specify the multiple zones of conflicts and the legacies surmounting the planet and ventures to redefine ecosystems for the human and the nonhuman. In the history of environment, the attention to non-human organic presence has perpetually evaded the consciousness of humans particularly the modern digital generation. Crusaders and conservationists of environment has time and again highlighted on the urgency to ecological consciousness and the consequences to be faced by the upcoming generations who fail to realize the blunder inflicted on nature and other species.

Environmental Humanities today discourses on sustainability, ecological justice, bio-diversity, hydro politics, petro fiction’, climate – Fiction and the like, The present paper attempts to explicate the different ways in which environmental studies is represented, understood and communicated in a particular socio-political set up and transports us to the world of Amitav Ghosh, who traverses multiple genres and territories and who savagely documents the geopolitics of climate change in his novel The “Great Derangement”. The paper also strives to apply the eco-critical environmental approach in reading this literary text
Lebensrealitäten und Behandlungserfahrungen von LGBTQ + Personen
Authors: Schürmann-Vengels Jan
Published: February 2025

Diversität wurde in den letzten Jahren auf vielen gesellschaftlichen Ebenen als wertvolles und schützenswertes Gut diskutiert. Auch in die klinische Forschung und Praxis werden die Lebensrealitäten verschiedener gesellschaftlicher Gruppen breiter einbezogen. Im Folgenden werden empirische Befunde und Konzepte zu Alltags- und Behandlungserfahrungen von LGBTQ + Personen vorgestellt, um hieraus Implikationen für die therapeutische Praxis abzuleiten.
Die Mauer in unseren Köpfen – Über DDR-Opfer-/Täternarrative
Authors: Weidner Kerstin
Published: February 2025

35 Jahre nach der politischen Wende halten sich Stereotypien gegenüber Menschen in der früheren DDR. Diese prägen Einstellung und Handeln – auch in der Psychotherapie. Der folgende Beitrag befasst sich mit einigen dieser Stereotypien aus Sicht einer Ostdeutschen und lädt zu einer kritischen Reflexion sowie einem vorurteilsfreien Blick auf den Osten ein.
Betrachtungen einer interkulturell systemisch-ethnologischen Haltung
Authors: Hunger-Schoppe Christina , Grünberg Chawwah Yael
Published: February 2025

Gregory Bateson 1 schrieb einst, dass Interessantes v. a. dann entsteht, wenn mindestens zwei Muster in Beziehung miteinander treten. In diesem Beitrag sind es zwei wissenschaftliche Disziplinen, die sich begegnen: die Systemische Therapie und die Ethnologie. Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit ausgewählten Besonderheiten beider Sichtweisen und wie eine ethnologisch-systemische Haltung die Praxis und Forschung bereichern kann.
Jenseits von „Kultur“: Rassismuskritik als Leerstelle in Therapie und Beratung
Authors: Mmari Jessie , Gold Ilja
Published: February 2025

Kulturalisierende Perspektiven verstellen den Blick auf wichtige Faktoren und Zusammenhänge in Psychotherapie und Beratung. Sie werden v. a. dann eingenommen, wenn Menschen adressiert werden, die als „anders“ oder einer „fremden Kultur“ angehörig konstruiert werden. Der zugrundeliegende, erlernte Rassismus, seine Mechanismen und die Auswirkungen auf die Menschen und den professionellen Prozess bleiben allzu häufig verdeckt und unbesprochen.
Challenges Related to the Implementation of Measurement-Based Care
for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder: A Feasibility
Study
Authors: Tavakoli Emytis , Xiang Angela , Husain Mohamed I. , Blumberger Daniel M. , Kloiber Stefan , Mueller Daniel J. , Ortiz Abigail , Perivolaris Athina , Mulsant Benoit H.
Published: February 2025

Measurement-based care (MBC) involves systematically assessing patientsʼ
symptoms and adverse events using standardized scales to guide treatment.
While MBC has been shown to enhance the quality of care and outcomes in the
pharmacotherapy of major depressive disorder (MDD), it is still rarely used
in clinical practice. In this study, the feasibility of implementing MBC was
assessed for patients with MDD seen in a large outpatient psychiatry
clinic.

Adults diagnosed with MDD were assessed at baseline and during a 12-week
follow-up by phone or via emailed links with: the 9-item Patient Health
Questionnaire (PHQ-9), an adverse effect rating scale, and a published
suicide risk management protocol (SRMP). Antidepressants were recommended
based on preferences expressed by the participant and treating psychiatrist;
dosages were adjusted by the treating psychiatrist based on symptomatic
improvement and adverse events.

Over 2 years, 52 (21.2%) of 246 patients referred to the study were enrolled,
28 (53.8%) completed all assessments at all follow-up visits, 45 (87.0%)
participants were prescribed one of the recommended antidepressants, and 22
(42.3%) remitted. Of the 27 participants presenting with suicidal ideation,
18 (66.6%) experienced a full resolution of these ideations.

These findings highlight the challenges in implementing MBC for the
pharmacotherapy of MDD and confirm some barriers to its broad adoption in
clinical practice. The study also highlights its benefits in the selected
group of patients who engage in MBC. Future studies need to continue to
explore innovative ways to facilitate its broader implementation.
Leaving colorectal polyps in situ with endocytoscopy assisted by computer-aided diagnosis: a cost-effectiveness study
Authors: Halvorsen Natalie , Barua Ishita , Bretthauer Michael , Mori Yuichi , Kudo Shin-ei , Gulati Shraddha , Misawa Masashi , Mori Kensaku , Hayee Bu'Hussain , Olabintan Olaolu , Nilsen Jens Aksel , Frigstad Svein Oskar , East James E. , Rastogi Amit , Hassan Cesare , Kalager Mette , Løberg Magnus , Holme Øyvind , Haji Amyn
Published: February 2025

Background Computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) enables the distinction between neoplastic and non-neoplastic polyps during colonoscopy. We aimed to estimate the patient-level benefit and harm of CADx.

Methods We conducted a comparative analysis on data from the EndoBRAIN international clinical trial, evaluating the effect of optical diagnosis during colonoscopy with and without CADx. Three hypothetical scenarios were compared: “endoscopist-alone” and “CADx-assisted” leave-in-situ strategies (leaving non-neoplastic rectosigmoid polyps ≤ 5 mm), and “total removal” (removing all detected polyps). Primary outcomes included patient-level colonoscopy-related cost and surveillance interval agreement (colorectal cancer risk category). Estimates were calculated based on national reimbursement rates and guidelines in four countries.

Results We analyzed 1134 patients (59 % men, median age 67 years) with 1716 polyps. Compared with total removal, the endoscopist-alone and CADx-assisted leave-in-situ strategies reduced the removed polyps per patient from 1.51 (95 %CI 1.48–1.54) to 1.18 (95 %CI 1.16–1.20) and 1.12 (95 %CI 1.00–1.14), respectively; however, 0.023 (95 %CI 0.015–0.033) and 0.021 (95 %CI 0.014–0.031) neoplasms per patient were left in situ, respectively. The mean colonoscopy cost decreased by $44 (endoscopist alone) and $46 (CADx assistance) in the USA, $22 and $19 in the UK, $21 and $19 in Japan, and $32 and $30 in Norway, respectively. Surveillance interval agreement decreased to 99.2 % (endoscopist alone) and 99.0 % (CADx assistance) in the USA, 99.8 % and 99.8 % in the UK, 97.9 % and 97.1 % in Japan, and 99.9 % and 99.9 % in Norway, respectively.

Conclusions Both endoscopist-alone and CADx-assisted optical diagnosis reduce colonoscopy costs. The risk of missed adenomas and surveillance interval deviations appear marginal.
Preparing public health researchers to interact with state-level legislators: evaluation of the Texas Research-to-Policy Collaboration project training
Authors: Menendez Tiffni , Roebuck Amelia , Flores-Thorpe Shelby , Zhang Yuzi , Manuel Kathleen , Jovanovic Christine , van den Berg Alexandra , Scott J. Taylor , Crowley D. Max , Long Elizabeth C. , Hoelscher Deanna M.
Published: February 2025

To implement evidence-based health policy, public health researchers need to be equipped with the necessary skills or knowledge to engage with policymakers effectively. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of the Texas Research-to-Policy Collaboration (TX RPC) training on public health professionals and to compare the effectiveness of different training delivery modes (in-person or web-based). In the study, 59 researchers received training to increase their capacity for interacting with legislators and completed pre- and post-training surveys assessing three scales: self-efficacy, knowledge, and training needs. To determine researchers’ pre- and post-training changes, we applied paired t tests. Two-sample t tests were used to compare the differences in outcomes between the two training modes. Researchers showed significant improvement in reported policy and knowledge of the legislative process and reported reduced perceived training needs for both delivery modes. The TX RPC training prepared researchers for interacting with legislators by increasing their policy-related self-efficacy and knowledge.
Participation in SoHO and ATMP public consultations: a fragmented institutional landscape
Authors: Morrison Michael , Brunel Valentin , Mahalatchimy Aurélie
Published: February 2025

In the European Union (EU), the recent adoption of the Substances of Human Origin (SoHO) Regulation in June 2024 brings into force new harmonised rules for human cells, tissues and blood. This legislation interacts with the pre-existing Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMP) Regulation. This paper looks at the recent EU public consultations on the proposed SoHO Regulation and compares them with the prior consultations on the ATMP Regulation given the interplay between these two Acts. Information on each contributor to the three most recent consultations on SoHO and the two available consultations on the ATMP was collected, analysed, and used to develop a novel typology of entities participating in the consultations. This data set included the country of origin of each entity making a contribution and the type of entity involved (Academic/Research institutions, National Bodies, Companies, Business organizations, Patient and Consumer organizations, Learned Societies, Individual citizens, Networks/Innovation organizations, and Other Non-Governmental Organizations). The results show that the SoHO consultations attracted a far greater total volume of participants and displayed a greater variety of organizations from more distinct countries compared to the ATMP consultations. The most significant finding is the very low overlap in organisations making a contribution to both a SoHO and an ATMP consultations. This strongly suggests that there is significant institutional fragmentation between organisations collecting human biomaterials and organisations developing ATMP for market. Given that collection of biomaterials is a necessary first step in the development of most ATMP, European policy makers wishing to support ‘homegrown’ innovation with ATMP should give greater consideration to building better links between organisations collecting biomaterials and ATMP developers.
Analytical models for the thermal properties of n-type porous silicon layers: Dependence of porosity
Authors: Hernández-Wong Joel , Nogal Luis Uriel , Rojas Marroquin Alejandro , Luviano Elizalde Lizbeth , Rojas-Trigos José Bruno , Marin Moares Ernesto , Calderon Antonio
Published: February 2025

Several reports in the literature concern the thermal properties of porous silicon samples considering the porous layer plus the silicon substrate, but not so of the porous layer in particular. This work uses the frequency domain photoacoustic technique in a heat transmission configuration together with an analysis based on a composite two-layer model of thermal resistances on n-type porous silicon and the porosity concept to develop a non-separative (and hence non-destructive) methodology for determining the thermal properties of the porous layer of n-type porous silicon and provide analytical models to obtain such properties as a function of its porosity. The porous silicon samples were elaborated by anodization, with anodization times from 10 to 100 min on (100)-oriented n-type crystalline silicon wafers and using a 48% hydrofluoric acid water solution. These wafers were non-degenerated, phosphorous doped, 500 μm roughly thick, and had 1.72 Ω cm electrical resistivity. In each sample, gravimetry determined porosity ranging from 0.279 to 0.702, and the porous layer's thickness was determined by electron microscopy. An analytical expression was obtained for the effective thermal diffusivity of the n-type porous silicon as a whole. After fitting it to the data obtained by the photoacoustic measurements, a value around 0.076 cm2/s, independent of porosity, was obtained for the thermal diffusivity of the porous layer. In addition, analytical expressions were obtained for the porous layer's thermal conductivity, volumetric heat capacity, and thermal effusivity, all showed a decreasing linear dependence on the porosity.
Structure optimization and performance analysis of interstage elbow of air compressor
Authors: Ye Daoxing , Wen Tian , Wu Jinchen , Wu Mengke , Zhang Junyu , Han Jiaming
Published: February 2025

In order to study the influence of the change of parameters of the interstage elbow on the aerodynamic performance of the high pressure stage air compressor, a centrifugal two-stage series air compressor is optimized as the research object, and the numerical simulation method is used to calculate and analyze the three typical working conditions and internal flow of the air compressor. The results show that the optimized design scheme can improve the performance of the air compressor, and the improvement is most obvious by maintaining the same diameter of the inlet and outlet of the interstage elbow. At the design condition, the pressure ratio and efficiency are increased by 1.2% and 6.1%, respectively. At surge conditions, the pressure ratio and efficiency are increased by 3.4% and 2.8%, respectively, and the stall margin is increased by 3.8%. At the design condition, the swirl intensity, referred to as SI, decreased by 21.6% at the outlet of the elbow. The total pressure distortion index DC60 showed a downward trend at all operating conditions. The distribution of total pressure and axial velocity at the inlet of the high pressure stage impeller is similar and regular under different radius ratios at the blockage condition and the design condition, while the surge condition fluctuates violently and unevenly at 0.9R near the tip clearance. The total pressure and axial velocity at 0.5R–0.7R in the middle of the flow channel of the above scheme are larger than those of other models and are the most stable.
Drag correlations for a particle-laden jet
Authors: Li Qingzhan , Li Fei , Wang Wei , Chen Yanpei , Jiang Lei
Published: February 2025

In a dilute particle-laden jet, the drag force is the most important factor determining the momentum exchange between the gas and particles. In this work, different drag correlations are used to predict the jet velocity and compared with experimental data. In addition to our previously reported large-particle, high-Stokes-number jet case, the experimental data of small-particle, intermediate-Stokes-number jet are obtained with particle image velocimetry. The comparison shows that the prediction is sensitive to the choice of drag correlation. The LWL-E (Li & Wang & Li extrapolation) drag model derived from large-particle experiments is more suitable for predicting the velocity of large particles with high Stokes number, while the Rudinger-E model derived from small particle experiments is more suitable for the simulation of particle velocity of small particles with intermediate Stokes number. The standard drag model and the Gidaspow model overpredict slip velocity and underpredict particle velocity, and are not suitable for the particle velocity prediction in a dilute particle-laden jet.
Epitaxial thin films of pyrochlore iridates: A forward looking approach
Authors: Gutiérrez-Llorente Araceli
Published: February 2025

Topological quantum materials that show strongly correlated electrons as well as topological order, for which spin–orbit coupling is a key ingredient, exhibit novel states of matter. One such example is the family of pyrochlore iridates, featuring strong spin–orbital coupling, strong electron interactions, as well as geometric frustration, making them an ideal platform to study novel topological phases. High-quality epitaxial pyrochlore iridate films, although challenging to produce, provide a pathway to explore unconventional behaviors and unravel the intrinsic properties of these largely unexplored materials. Additionally, designing interfaces with specific properties is crucial to creating multilayered devices that can achieve significant technological breakthroughs using topological states of these materials. This article reviews experimental research on epitaxial pyrochlore iridate thin films, discussing evidence of topological phases found in them. Future research directions are outlined, which include exploring the rich tunability offered by chemical doping, especially when combined with the design of epitaxial heterostructures.
Heat transfer and sensitivity exploration of gyrotactic microorganisms suspended in a Casson hybrid nanofluid flow on a permeable stenosed artery
Authors: P Anthuvan Ezhilarasi , Mohanavel Dhivya
Published: February 2025

The primary goal of this investigation is to concentrate on the heat transfer analysis concerning the permeability of a Casson hybrid nanofluid flowing through a narrowed artery in the presence of microorganisms. The non-Newtonian Casson fluid replicates the fluid flow and heat transfer phenomena. Additionally, the nonlinear coupled partial differential equation was streamlined efficiently through similarity transformations, and it was then numerically solved using MATLAB. The rheological properties of blood flow with hybrid nanoparticles (Ag-GO) were assessed using graphical representations and a detailed examination of the outcome. Findings showed that the Darcy number (Da) and Grashof parameter (Gr) are key factors in increasing fluid velocity. In contrast, modifications in the radiation parameter(Rd), the Casson parameter (β), and a magnetic field (M) have a positive influence on the temperature profile. The impact of ϕ, M, γ, Sc, and Pr on skin friction and local Nusselt number are addressed in a tabular format. Hybrid nanofluid's exceptional heat transfer capabilities make them more efficient than single-component nanofluids in heating and cooling applications. Functional performance and design can be refined by identifying and fine-tuning critical parameters influencing heat transfer rates via sensitivity analysis with response surface methodology. Furthermore, this study is significant in environmental science, material technology, biomedical engineering, and medicine.
A nonlinear creep constitutive model of rock based on the law of conservation of energy
Authors: Liu Wenbo , Zhang Shuguang , Zhu Dipeng , Ou Wenwu , Huang Xiang , Liu Yipin , Li Yingbo , Li Jiaming , Zhao Shu Tian
Published: February 2025

In order to further explore the creep characteristics of rock under different confining pressure conditions, a series of rock triaxial creep tests are carried out to systematically study the creep behavior of rock under various confining pressure levels. The long-term strength of rock is determined according to the isochronous stress–strain curve, and the relationship between confining pressure and long-term strength is analyzed. Based on the energy principle and strain energy function, an energy nonlinear creep model is established. The test results show that the model effectively describes the full-stage creep behavior of rock under different confining pressures in a concise form and clear physical meaning. Compared with the experimental data, the proposed model has high accuracy and reliability and can better capture the nonlinear characteristics of rock creep under the influence of confining pressure. The method of dividing creep stages according to energy is also suitable and feasible. The test curves of different types of rocks are in good agreement with the model curves, and the correlation coefficients are all above 0.90. The research results provide a theoretical basis and practical model for further understanding the long-term deformation behavior of rock under a complex stress environment and the long-term stability analysis of rock engineering.
Pulsed discharge jet laser spectroscopy of the stibino (SbH2) free radical: Hyperfine and isotopic structure in the high-resolution electronic spectrum
Authors: Sunahori Fumie X. , Clouthier Dennis J.
Published: February 2025

The Ã2A1–X̃2B1 0-0 bands of the overlapping LIF spectra of 121SbH2 and 123SbH2 have been recorded at high resolution under supersonic expansion conditions. The radicals were made by a pulsed electric discharge through a dilute mixture of SbH3 in high pressure argon at the exit of a pulsed molecular beam valve. The Sb isotopic lines, magnetic hyperfine structure, and large spin-rotation splittings have been assigned in the spectra. The transitions of the two isotopologues were fitted independently, and the rotational constants were used to obtain the following zero-point effective molecular structures: r″ = 1.7203(1) Å, θ″ = 90.370(4)°; r′ = 1.6915(4) Å and θ′ = 120.80(2)°. The fitted molecular constants have been validated using isotope relations and by comparison with theoretical formulas. The T0 antimony isotope splitting of SbH2 is only 0.0098 cm−1.
Twin-rotor wind turbine wake characteristics under various configurations and states
Authors: Tian Yinong , Zhong Yuguang , Liu Hengxu , Liu Weiqi , Zhao Cangze , Chang Liande , Dong Chenlong , Ge Mingze , Chen Hailong
Published: February 2025

The twin-rotor wind turbine, as a new concept, can effectively improve the power coefficient, accelerate wake recovery, and reduce the cost of floating platforms and mooring compared to single-rotor turbines. This paper investigates the power and wake of tandem and parallel twin-rotor arrangements, setting up four different calculation models: vortex lattice (VL) to vortex filament conversion, different arrangements, extended blade root length, and altered initial azimuth angle. Changes under different tip speed ratios, steady and unsteady, and motion states were studied. The study found that for power and wake research, the vortex lattice calculation distance needs to be set to more than 2D and 5D (D is the rotor diameter). In the unsteady state of parallel twin-rotor wind turbines, the power coefficient difference between the two rotors is significant, and with increased turbulence intensity, the spacing ratio should be appropriately increased, with an optimal choice existing. For tandem twin-rotor arrangements, the initial staggered arrangement has little impact on power but significantly affects the wake. Increasing the length of the circular airfoil section of the blade root can effectively improve the power of the smaller rotor without changing the power coefficient of the larger rotor. Applying sinusoidal six degrees of freedom motion to the twin-rotor wind turbine can increase the power coefficient except for yawing. This research is of great significance for the arrangement of twin-rotor, reducing floating platform costs, and optimizing wind farm layout.
Radiation-induced cellular plasticity primes glioblastoma for forskolin-mediated differentiation
Authors: He Ling , Azizad Daria , Bhat Kruttika , Ioannidis Angeliki , Hoffmann Carter J. , Arambula Evelyn , Eghbali Mansoureh , Bhaduri Aparna , Kornblum Harley I. , Pajonk Frank
Published: February 2025

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the deadliest brain cancer in adults, and all patients succumb to the tumor. While surgery followed by chemoradiotherapy delays disease progression, these treatments do not lead to tumor control, and targeted therapies or biologics have failed to further improve survival. Utilizing a transient radiation-induced state of multipotency, we used the adenylcyclase activator forskolin to alter the fate of irradiated glioma cells. The effects of the combined treatment on neuronal marker expression, cell cycle distribution, and proliferation were studied. Gene expression profiling was conducted using bulk RNA-seq. Changes in cell populations were investigated using single-cell RNA-seq. Effects on glioma stem cells (GSCs) were studied in extreme limiting dilution assays, and the effects on median survival were studied in both syngeneic and PDOX mouse models of GBM. The combined treatment induced the expression of neuronal markers in glioma cells, reduced proliferation, and led to a distinct gene expression profile. scRNA-seq revealed that the combined treatment forced glioma cells into a microglia- and neuron-like phenotype. In vivo, this treatment led to a loss of GSCs and prolonged median survival. Collectively, our data suggest that revisiting a differentiation therapy with forskolin in combination with radiation could lead to clinical benefit.
Leaky ribosomal scanning enables tunable translation of bicistronic ORFs in green algae
Authors: Dueñas Marco A. , Craig Rory J. , Gallaher Sean D. , Moseley Jeffrey L. , Merchant Sabeeha S.
Published: February 2025

Advances in sequencing technology have unveiled examples of nucleus-encoded polycistrons, once considered rare. Exclusively polycistronic transcripts are prevalent in green algae, although the mechanism by which multiple polypeptides are translated from a single transcript is unknown. Here, we used bioinformatic and in vivo mutational analyses to evaluate competing mechanistic models for translation of bicistronic mRNAs in green algae. High-confidence manually curated datasets of bicistronic loci from two divergent green algae,
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
and
Auxenochlorella protothecoides
, revealed a preference for weak Kozak-like sequences for ORF 1 and an underrepresentation of potential initiation codons before the ORF 2 start codon, which are suitable conditions for leaky ribosome scanning to allow ORF 2 translation. We used mutational analysis in
A. protothecoides
to test the mechanism. In vivo manipulation of the ORF 1 Kozak-like sequence and start codon altered reporter expression at ORF 2, with a weaker Kozak-like sequence enhancing expression and a stronger one diminishing it. A synthetic bicistronic dual reporter demonstrated inversely adjustable activity of green fluorescent protein expressed from ORF 1 and luciferase from ORF 2, depending on the strength of the ORF 1 Kozak-like sequence. Our findings demonstrate that translation of multiple ORFs in green algal bicistronic transcripts is consistent with episodic leaky scanning of ORF 1 to allow translation at ORF 2. This work has implications for the potential functionality of upstream open reading frames (uORFs) found across eukaryotic genomes and for transgene expression in synthetic biology applications.
An undergraduate experiment to determine the hyperfine structure of the 7 3S1 →6 3P2 transitions in Hg
Authors: Barnes Rosie , Wilson Edward , Murray Andrew James
Published: February 2025

An undergraduate physics experiment is described that uses a Fabry-Perot etalon and digital camera to determine the hyperfine frequency shifts in naturally occurring mercury. Radiation at 546 nm emitted from the 7 3S1 state relaxing to the 6 3P2 state in a low pressure Hg lamp is selected by an interference filter to pass through the etalon. This produces a series of concentric rings at the focus of the camera lens that are analyzed using bespoke software written for this experiment. Results from the analysis are compared to theoretical calculations of the hyperfine shifts for both the 199Hg and 201Hg isotopes.
Comparison of radiation-related cancer risk against baseline cancer rates in 33 countries using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), lifetime incidence risk and lifetime mortality risks
Authors: HIROUCHI Jun , Kujiraoka Ikuo , TAKAHARA Shogo , Takada Momo , Schneider Thierry , Kai Michiaki
Published: February 2025

A risk indicator that allows for the comparison of risks caused by different factors is highly useful for enhancing public understanding. The International Commission on Radiological Protection developed the concept of “detriment” to quantify radiation-related health effects at low doses. However, the detriment is specific to the radiation field and cannot be simply compared with other risks. In this study, the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), lifetime incidence risk, and lifetime mortality risk due to radiation exposure were compared among 33 countries. These risk indicators were calculated for all solid cancers, colon cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, thyroid cancer, and leukaemia. The values of risk indicators for all solid cancers differed by a factor of 1.5–2.0 for male and 1.2–1.5 for female among countries, with higher values observed in countries with a higher socio-demographic index (SDI). The ratios of radiation exposure indicators to the baseline indicators (R/B ratios) were 10%–15% for male and 15%–25% for female under chronic exposure to 20 mSv y−1 radiation from the age of 18 to 64 years, and 1.0%–1.5% for male and 1.5%–2.5% for female under chronic exposure to 1 mSv y−1 radiation over a lifetime. In particular, the R/B ratios under chronic exposure to 1 mSv y−1 radiation were smaller than the coefficient of variation of the baseline risk indicators. Furthermore, the trends in the values of the risk indicators for each cancer site were compared with the detriments used in the radiation field. This study indicated that DALYs should be noted as an alternative indicator to the radiation detriments when discussing the tolerability of radiation and communicating with the society.
Visual Measurement of Laser-Transferred Structural Vibrations
Authors: deng rongfeng , Yi Guanhua , Li Bing , Cao Yanling , Gu Fengshou , Ball Andrew D
Published: February 2025

Vision-based vibration measurement techniques are receiving increasing attention as a typical means of non-contact vibration measurement. Vibration measurements of towering structures using vision-based methods often suffer from low spatial resolution of the camera due to the long shooting distance, which in turn limits the ability to recognize small-amplitude vibrations. Such shortcomings can be compensated to some extent by increasing the focal length of the camera, but longer focal length lenses not only increase the cost, but also place higher demands on the stability of the camera itself. With the progress of UAV technology, the spatial resolution of the camera can also be improved by taking close-up shots of large structures with the on-board camera, but the stability of the UAV itself is still difficult to meet the requirements of high-precision vibration measurement. In this paper, a vibration measurement method is proposed by attaching a laser pointer to a towering structure, which converts the structural vibration into the movement of the laser spot on the ground and realizes the accurate measurement of structural vibration by using the camera to detect the movement of the laser spot at a close distance. For ease of analysis, the method is known as Laser-assisted Visual Measurement of Structural Vibration i.e. LAVM-Vib. Its operating principle is derived firstly. Then its measurement accuracy is examined numerically for different measurement setups. Finally, the method is evaluated by monitoring the vibration of a micro-wind turbine system. The results obtained by LAVM-Vib are close to that of both the laser displacement sensors and accelerometers mounted on the structure, showing satisfactory results in monitoring faults in tower foundations.