bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applicability of Foam Mat Drying Process for Production of Instant Cocoa Powder Enriched with Lavender Extract
Authors: Buljat Ana Maria , Jurina Tamara , Jurinjak Tušek Ana , Valinger Davor , Gajdoš Kljusurić Jasenka , Benković Maja
Published: July 2019

The foam mat drying process is a simple and economical alternative to spray and freeze drying. It is considerably cheaper due to rapid drying at low temperatures, preservation of nutritional quality and easy reconstitution. Basic principle of the process is conversion of a liquid or a semi-liquid foodstuff to foam and thin layer drying of the foam. This study explores the possibility of the foam mat drying for production of instant cocoa powder enriched with lavender (Lavandula × hybrida L.) extracts. The aqueous extraction of lavender was optimized using Taguchi orthogonal array design. Extracts obtained under optimal conditions were added to a mixture of egg white, cocoa powder, sugar and gelatine. Mixtures were blended for 4 min to obtain stable foam which was dried at three different temperatures (t=50, 60 and 70 °C) and milled into a powdered product. Drying rates were obtained from the experimental data using nonlinear model estimation. Flow properties, bulk density, particle size distribution, reconstitution and sensory properties of the final product were also assessed. Based on the obtained data, the drying process was best described by Page’s drying model. Samples dried at lower temperature (t=50 °C) exhibited the best powder flow and reconstitution properties. Sensory analysis resulted in similar findings: powder samples dried at lower temperatures had better appearance, colour and taste. The obtained data confirm the suitability of the foam mat drying for the production of instant cocoa powder enriched with lavender extract.
Recent Advances in D-Lactic Acid Production from Renewable Resources
Authors: Alexandri Maria , Schneider Roland , Mehlmann Kerstin , Venus Joachim
Published: July 2019

The production of biodegradable polymers as alternatives to petroleum-based plastics has gained significant attention in the past years. To this end, polylactic acid (PLA) constitutes a promising alternative, finding various applications from food packaging to pharmaceuticals. Recent studies have shown that D-lactic acid plays a vital role in the production of heat-resistant PLA. At the same time, the utilization of renewable resources is imperative in order to decrease the production cost. This review aims to provide a synopsis of the current state of the art regarding D-lactic acid production via fermentation, focusing on the exploitation of waste and byproduct streams. An overview of potential downstream separation schemes is also given. Additionally, three case studies are presented and discussed, reporting the obtained results utilizing acid whey, coffee mucilage and hydrolysate from rice husks as alternative feedstocks for D-lactic acid production.
Free Radical Scavenging Properties and Induction of Apoptotic Effects of FA Fraction Obtained after Proteolysis of Bioactive Peptides from Microalgae Synechococcus sp. VDW
Authors: Suttisuwan Rutairat , Phunpruch Saranya , Saisavoey Tanatorn , Sangtanoo Papassara , Thongchul Nuttha , Karnchanatat Aphichart
Published: July 2019

This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of bioactive peptides derived from Synechococcus sp. VDW cells cultured for 21 days. Synechococcus sp. VDW protein hydrolysates were prepared with trypsin and purified by ultrafiltration with molecular mass cut-off membranes of 10, 5 and 3 kDa. The M<3 kDa (FA) fraction had the highest 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities, with IC50 values of (11.5±0.3) and (13.6±0.2) µg/mL, respectively. The FA fraction was separated by reversed phase HPLC to yield four subfractions (F1–4). The F4 subfraction showed the highest maximum ABTS radical scavenging activity (3.55±0.61) % and it was selected for further analysis by electrospray ionisation quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS) based on de novo peptide sequencing. Five antioxidant peptides were identified, of which AILESYSAGKTK had the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity. Furthermore, the FA fraction showed high cytotoxic activities against human cancer-derived cell lines, especially the colon cancer cell line (SW620) with an IC50 value of (106.6±21.5) µg/mL, but not the untransformed Wi38 cell line. The FA fraction activated the apoptotic pathway in SW620 cells after treatment for 24, 48 and 72 h, with the highest activities of caspases-3, -8 and -9 being observed after treatment for 72 h. These findings suggested that microalgae Synechococcus sp. VDW may be used to develop natural anticancer drugs.
Desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor de crianças com cardiopatias congênitas
Authors: Rodrigues Moraes Bruna , Bassi Daniela , Magalhães dos Santos Paula Hérica , Santos-de-Araújo Aldair Darlan , Vanin Alves de Souza Matias Priscila Helena , Do Nascimento Calles Ana Carolina
Published: July 2019

INTRODUÇÃO: Especula-se que as cardiopatias congênitas (CC) podem afetar o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor. No entanto, ainda se faz necessários estudos que visem avaliar esse desenvolvimento nas crianças com CC. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor de crianças com cardiopatias congênitas. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional de corte transversal, conduzido no Hospital do Coração de Alagoas (Maceió – AL, Brasil), no período de junho a outubro de 2016. Foram incluídas crianças internadas para a realização de cirurgias eletivas no referido hospital, com idade entre 1 e 72 meses, e excluídas aquelas que apresentassem algum sinal de desconforto (dispneia, taquicardia, cianose, batimento de asa de nariz e uso da musculatura acessória), baixa capacidade para responder aos comandos verbais e/ou doenças/síndromes associadas que levassem ao atraso no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor. O desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor (DNPM) foi avaliado por meio do teste de triagem do desenvolvimento Denver II, aplicado no momento pré-cirúrgico. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliadas 20 crianças, com idade entre 1-72 meses, das quais 05 foram excluídas. As 15 restantes tiveram média de idade de 16,12 (±15,56) meses, 7 meninos (46,66%) e 8 meninas (53,33%). Oitenta por cento das crianças apresentaram atraso no DNPM, sendo o domínio motor fino-adaptativo o mais comprometido, no qual as crianças realizaram apenas 48% das tarefas propostas. A maioria das crianças com o atraso, apresentavam persistência do canal arterial (41,66%), seguida de comunicação interatrial-CIA (16,66) e coexistência de CIA e comunicação interventricular (16,66). CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que as crianças com CC apresentam o DNPM não compatível com a sua idade. Evidenciando a necessidade de diagnóstico e estimulação precoce das mesmas.
Prepare NGM plates with fungzizone v2
Authors: Cancer UK / Wellcome Gurdon Institute media kitchen Research
Published: July 2019

Prepare NGM plates with fungizon
Prepare NGM plates with fungzizone v3
Authors: Cancer UK / Wellcome Gurdon Institute media kitchen Research
Published: July 2019

Prepare NGM plates with fungizon
Prepare NGM no peptone plates v2
Authors: Research UK / Wellcome Gurdon Institute media kitchen Cancer
Published: July 2019

Prepare NGM plates without peptone. Peptone is necessary for bacterial growth and thus by not adding peptone, one can control for the number of bacteria present on an NGM plate by seeding a known number of bacteria.
Prepare 2L of B-Broth for culturing bacteria v2
Authors: Research UK / Wellcome Gurdon Institute media kitchen Cancer
Published: July 2019

Prepare 2L of B-Broth for culturing bacteria
STSE Approach in High School Chemistry: A Brief Review in National Literature
Authors: Firmino Eduardo Da Silva , Sampaio Caroline De Goes , Vasconcelos Ana Karine Portela , Nojosa Antonia Clarycy Barros , Saldanha Gabriela Clemente Brito , Guerra Marcelo Henrique Freitas Saraiva , Barroso Maria Cleide Da Silva
Published: July 2019

Today we live in an increasingly scientific and technologically developed society that has promoted transformations in the social, political and economic environment. This development brought with it the illusion that all social and cultural problems would be solved, creating a traditional image of this science, in which its development would be free of particular interests. In order for the community to be able to understand the relations between science and the collective, it is necessary to have debates about the subject, and thinking about it, the movement called Science, Technology, Society and Environment (STSE) was created, representing a critical study group about the traditionalist and essentialist view of science and technology. The STSE studies seek to understand their social dimensions and even their consequences. Thus, this study has as main objective to review the Brazilian literature in search of articles that work the STSE approach in the teaching of Chemistry in the context of the high school classroom, with the intention of training citizens critical about the most diverse subjects of this. This research has a qualitative character, as it allows the researcher a better approximation and understanding of the facts studied. The articles were searched in national journals that allow free access and with qualis A1, A2 and B1 qualis according to the CAPES Qualis-Periodical system. In all, 24 journals were found, but only 8 articles were found with the theme under study, being found 14 in total. The selected papers cover the topics of Acids and Bases (1), Physical-Chemistry (1), Environmental Chemistry (3), Organic Chemistry (8) and Radioactivity (1), in which teaching was conceived in the STSE precepts to promote greater contextualization and the formation of the critical citizen. All the creators of the researches sought through the STSE to make the classes more attractive and dynamic, centering the construction of the knowledge in the student through the stimulation of the research.
The Continuing Distance Education Program M@tmídias: Contributions to the teaching of trigonometry
Authors: Patriarca Fábio Henrique , Lobo da Costa Nielce Meneguelo , Da Silva Samira Fayez Kfouri
Published: July 2019

This article presents a clipping of research on a Continuing Distance Learning Program for 600 High School Math Teachers working in public schools of São Paulo state, Brazil. The formative Program entitled M@tmídias aimed to discuss the use of Learning Objects in the Mathematics teaching process. The research objective was to identify contributions of the use of technology for teaching Trigonometry. The theoretical base was developed by Imbernón’s ideas on continuing teachers’ education, as well as the ones of Mishra and Koehler regarding pedagogical technological content knowledge (TPACK). The research was documentary, and the methodological procedures were: 1) Collection of curricula documents and historical data of the investigated Program; 2) Selection and organisation of materials related to the Trigonometry content, stored in the Program VLE; 3) Treatment and data analysis. The analysis was interpretative and of content, according to Bardin. As a result, in the M@tmídias Program’s historical documents, it was verified that all the Mathematics contents from the High School curriculum of São Paulo State were discussed and, in the first module of the course M@tmídias 2, Trigonometry was studied. Evidence of participants' construction was verified of mathematical content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge and technological content knowledge, showing possibilities to the construction of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) of the participants.
Mathboard: An Intelligent Object for use in Educational Activities
Authors: Madrid Luana Prestes , Lorenzi Fabiana
Published: July 2019

This article presents the development of an educational game, which uses the concepts of board games and internet of things with the purpose of helping children in the learning process. The tool will allow integration between Students and Teachers, which the parties will use for the process of continuous learning, providing information to the teacher about student progress, thus enabling the same to help the student through the administration panel. Problems involving numerical expressions developed by Mathematics teachers were used to validate the proposed game.
Mobilidade acadêmica internacional: caminhos para vínculos transculturais
Authors: Taschetto Leonidas Roberto , Rosa Gabriel Celestino
Published: July 2019

Investigamos neste estudo como intercambistas brasileiros estabelecem e vivenciam vínculos transculturais no exterior durante a mobilidade acadêmica internacional e qual o efeito dessa experiência em suas formações. Analisamos depoimentos de 12 estudantes de graduação, participantes do documentário Poéticas da Mobilidade com auxílio do software Atlas.ti e da Grounded Theory. Os resultados apontam para dois caminhos no estabelecimento de vínculos transculturais. Identificamos que o agrupamento entre intercambistas, o estabelecimento de vínculos transculturais, estranhamentos de elementos da cultura exógena, recepção positiva, relações afetuosas e sentimento de inclusão são fenômenos presentes durante suas incursões em terras desconhecidas.
Contar histórias para formar leitores: uma Viagem pela Literatura
Authors: Moraes Fabiano de Oliveira , Couto Débora Santos
Published: July 2019

Caracteriza-se como um estudo qualitativo sobre a formação leitora. Objetiva compreender de que modo o contador de histórias se estabelece como mediador no processo de formação do leitor e de promoção da literatura. Para tanto, apresenta o projeto Viagem pela Literatura (Vitória-ES) e toma por corpus as histórias contadas no CD e no DVD produzidos pelo projeto. Teoricamente, ancora-se no conceito vygotskyano de mediação, pois compreende o referido projeto como uma das instâncias que possibilita a formação do leitor e a democratização lúdica do acesso ao livro e à literatura por meio da mediação do contador de histórias.
Experiências da escolarização das juventudes no documentário Nunca me sonharam
Authors: Hilário Wesley Fernando de Andrade , Ziliani Rosemeire De Lourdes Monteiro
Published: July 2019

Aborda-se dois temas inscritos no documentário Nunca me sonharam, de Cacau Rhoden, relacionados à experiência de escolarização de estudantes do Ensino Médio público brasileiro. O primeiro diz respeito à problemática função do Ensino Médio de preparar “para a vida e/ou para o trabalho”; o segundo, às condições de funcionamento da instituição escolar, dentre as quais enfatiza-se a importância do professor no processo de ensino-aprendizagem e sua relação com os alunos. Utilizou-se da transcrição das falas dos sujeitos entrevistados para o documentário como fio condutor da discussão e apoiou-se em escritos sobre os temas como aporte teórico. Evidencia-se que esse nível da educação no Brasil, tal como vem sendo ofertado, não corresponde às expectativas e necessidades de seus principais interessados, lançando-se, assim, a questão: afinal, o que se está fazendo dos jovens?
Cuerpos, emocionalidad y sentidos disruptivos en rituales juveniles de celebración escolar
Authors: Elizalde Silvia , Romero Guillermo
Published: July 2019

Con foco en la exploración del vínculo tenso entre la rutinizada cultura escolar y un nuevo sensorium experiencial protagonizado por los/as jóvenes, el artículo analiza un conjunto de celebraciones rituales desplegadas por estudiantes del último año de una escuela secundaria de La Plata (Argentina) que ofician como instancias de reprocesamiento simbólico de su pasaje por la escuela y escenificación festiva de un “desborde”. A través de su indagación buscamos dar cuenta de las dimensiones corporales, emocionales, libidinales y de disrupción que dichos rituales comportan en términos de politicidad y de agencia.
Culturas juvenis assembleianas: sociabilidades, lazeres e afetividades
Authors: Prates Daniela Medeiros de Azevedo , Garbin Elisabete Maria
Published: July 2019

Este ensaio assume como finalidade analisar a constituição de culturas juvenis assembleianas, ancorando-se nos referenciais teórico-metodológicos dos Estudos Culturais em Educação, dos estudos sociológicos e antropológicos sobre juventudes e religião. Infere que há reconfigurações nos modos de pertencimentos e sentidos de vivenciar a condição de ser evangélico, o que não remete necessariamente a formas de resistência, mas outros modos de existência evocados pela condição de ser/estar jovem, afinal, ao mesmo tempo em que buscam se manter portadores da promessa de salvação, os jovens ensejam ser portadores da condição juvenil.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Culturas Juvenis. Religião. Assembléia de Deus.
MICHEL FOUCAULT’NUN İKTİDAR VE ÖZNE KAVRAMSALLAŞTIRMASINA GÖZETİM SORUNU ÜZERİNDEN BAKMAK: BLACK MIRROR – ARKANGEL
Authors: KILINÇ ÖZÜÖLMEZ Pelin
Published: July 2019

Foucault, iktidarı ve iktidar ilişkilerini toplumsal yapının
belirlendiği önemli düzenlemeler olarak görmektedir. O’na göre iktidar yalnızca
devlet ve halklar arasında değil daha özelde bireyler üzerinde etkili olan bir
yapıya sahiptir. İktidarın alanını ikili ilişkilere kadar daraltan hatta
bireyin kendi bedeninde dahi arayabileceği bir güç olarak değerlendiren
Foucault, bu gücün bilgiyle devamlı kılınabileceğini ifade etmektedir.
Günümüzde teknolojik ilerlemenin bir sonucu olarak ise bu bilgilerin kullanım
alanlarını sorgulamanın önemli bir yerde durduğunu savunmaktadır. Bilim ve
teknoloji gibi önemli gelişmeler geçmişten günümüze iktidarı elinde
bulunduranlar tarafından yerini sabitleştirmeye yarayan araçlar olarak
değerlendirilmiştir. Bu dolayımda da ileri teknolojinin toplumlar ve bireyler
üzerindeki etkilerini sorgulayan Black Mirror televizyon serisi, temelde
teknolojinin topluma kazandırmış olduğu kolaylıkların sonuçları üzerine yeniden
düşünülmesini sağlayan önemli bir yapımdır.

Bu çalışmada özellikle teknolojinin eriştiği gelişme
üzerinden iktidar alanlarını irdeleyen ‘Arkangel’ adlı bölüm, Foucault’nun
özne, bilgi, gözetleme, denetleme ve disipline etme kavramları üzerinden
incelenecektir. Ancak öncesinde Foucault’nun iktidar olgusu kuramsal bağlamda
ele alınacak olup ele alınan bilgiler doğrultusunda ilgili bölüm analiz
edilmeye çalışılacaktır.
SİNEMA FİLMLERİNDE ESTETİK ÖZNEYİ YABANCILAŞMAYA YABANCILAŞTIRMAK: NIGHT CRAWLER FİLMİNDE YABANCILAŞTIRMA ETKİSİ
Authors: ULUTAŞ Selçuk
Published: July 2019

Yabancılaşma;
felsefe, sosyoloji ve psikolojinin kullandığı anahtar kavramlardan birisidir. Bu
kavramın sanat alanında estetik öznenin sanat eserine katılımını kontrol etmek
için yabancılaştırma etkisi (Verfremdung) kavramına
dönüştüğü bilinmektedir. Sanatçılar ‘özdeşleşme’ olarak tanımlanan estetik
katılımın yarattığı etkinin tam tersini yabancılaştırma ile yaratmak ve estetik
özneye bir fenomenle ilgili kuvvet uygulamak istemektedirler. Sinemada ise bir
fenomene izleyicinin yabancılaştırılması için anlatıların, öykü ve
söylemlerinin, buna göre tasarlandığı gözlemlenmektedir. Eserin tasarım
aşamasında yabancılaştırma etkisi ile ilgili bilinen pek çok stratejiden söz
etmek mümkündür. Ancak bilinen ve özellikle biçimsel olarak ortaya koyulan
stratejiler dışında da sinemada yönetmenlerin yabancılaştırma etkisi
geliştirmek adına yeni stratejiler üretmeleri için potansiyel olarak sınırsız
olanağı bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma yabancılaşmanın olumsuz kabul edilen
etkilerine karşı estetik öznenin yabancılaştırılmasını amaçlayan ‘Night Crawler’
isimli sinema filmini incelemektedir. Çalışmanın
amacı sinemada da sıkça karşılaşılan estetik özdeşleşmenin dışında
yabancılaştırma kuramı ile ilgili bilinen temel biçimsel unsurların ötesinde
yeni yabancılaştırma stratejilerinin özellikle salt biçemin dışında oluşturulup
oluşturulamayacağının ortaya konulmasıdır. Bu nedenle ele alınan ‘Night Crawler’
isimli film kendi ontolojik bağlamında karakter yaratımı, eylemler ve olaylar
çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Bu inceleme sonucunda filmin biçimsel unsurların
dışında tinsel bir varlık olarak yabancılaştırma etkisi ürettiği ortaya
konulmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışma ‘Night Crawler’ isimli filmi ontolojik
analiz yöntemi  ile incelemektedir.
Comparative evaluation of subarachnoid block with low dose bupivacaine and fentanyl versus low dose bupivacaine and sufentanil in patients undergoing inguinal surgeries
Authors: Sandeep Chelikani , Rao C. H. D. Malleswara , Kundurthi Teja , Rao A. S. Kameswara
Published: July 2019

Background: Fentanyl is a phenylpiperidine derivative synthetic opioid agonist. As an analgesic fentanyl is 75-125 times more potent than morphine. Sufentanil is a semisynthetic thienyl analogue fentanyl with analgesic potency 5 to 10 times more than that of fentanyl. Recently there has been an interest in using analgesics and local anaesthetics in an attempt to decrease the local anaesthetic dose enabling faster recovery.

Methods: A double blinded randomised study was carried out with 50 patients of ASA grade I and II aged between 20 and 60 years undergoing elective inguinal and below inguinal region surgeries under low dose spinal anaesthesia. Patients received 10 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with 50 μg of fentanyl added to a total volume of 3 ml  (group F), and with sufentanil 5 μg [diluted with 5% dextrose] and volume made to 3 ml (group S). Postoperative VAS score for pain, duration of motor block and complications postoperatively is noted.

Results: Prolonged postoperative analgesia was observed in group F (216.7 min) and group S (264.8) which was statistically significant among the groups (p<0.001) is higher in group S and also duration of motor block in group F (130.6) and group S (90.5) which was statistically significant among the groups (p<0.001) which is higher in group F than group S.

Conclusions: When compared to intrathecal bupivacaine-fentanyl combination; intrathecal bupivacaine-sufentanil combination provided prolonged postoperative analgesia with a lesser duration of motor blockade thus allowing early post operative ambulation.
Impact and risk factors for clinically relevant surgery-related muscle loss in patients after major abdominal cancer surgery: study protocol for a prospective observational cohort study (MUSCLE POWER)
Authors: Hentzen Judith E. K. R. , Van Wijk Laura , Buis Carlijn I. , Viddeleer Alain R. , De Bock Geertruida H. , Van der Schans Cees P. , Van Dam Gooitzen M. , Kruijff Schelto , Klaase Joost M.
Published: July 2019

Background: Surgery-related muscle loss (SRML) occurs in at least one out of three cancer patients within one week after major surgery. Though, this important phenomenon has hardly been investigated.

Methods: The MUSCLE POWER is a prospective, observational cohort study that investigates the presence, impact, and predictors for clinically relevant SRML in 178 cancer patients after major abdominal surgery using ultrasound measurements, squeeze and force measurements, and QoL questionnaires. Primary endpoint is the proportion of patients with clinically relevant SRML defined as ≥5% muscle loss within one week after surgery, measured by the cross-sectional area (CSA) of three different muscles: m. biceps brachii, m. rectus femoris, and m. vastus intermedius. Possible correlation with QoL and fatigue up to six months after surgery will be investigated. Daily physical activity during hospital stay will be monitored by a motility tracker, and protein intake will be monitored by a dietician. Possible predictors for clinically relevant SRML—consisting of age ≥65 years, preoperative diabetes, preoperative sarcopenia, major postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥III), insufficient physical activity, and insufficient postoperative protein intake—will be investigated with a multivariable logistic regression analyses with a backward stepwise approach. Variables with a p<0.05 will be retrained in the final multivariable model.

Discussion: The MUSCLE POWER investigates the presence and impact of clinically relevant SRML in cancer patients after major abdominal surgery. Crucial information regarding possible predictors for clinically relevant SRML can be used in future intervention studies to prevent postoperative muscle loss and subsequently improve postoperative outcome and QoL.

Trial Registration: Medical Ethics Committee of the University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (METc2018/361, version 3.0, January 21, 2019), and Netherlands Trial Register ([NTR], NTR NL7505, version 1.0, February 7, 2019).
Maintaining electronic regulatory binder at clinical trials site improves efficiency
Authors: Sukhija Hemlata , Khanna Deepika
Published: July 2019

Regulatory binder is one of the essential documents that is required to be maintained by all clinical sites throughout the conduct of clinical trials and post completion of clinical trials. Managing regulatory binders for multiple studies has been challenging due to large volume of documents that needs to be maintained in a paper form especially when the site has 150-200 open studies. To utilize electronic regulatory binders to replace paper based regulatory binders for improve efficiency while maintaining regulatory compliance. Use of document management system effectively allows sites to store regulatory binders electronically. Electronic regulatory binders provide a new way of managing tons of documents in a simplified fashion that helps in redefining the process, tracking documents, reducing physical storage requirements, retention, preparation for monitoring visits, and in prompt audits.
Endoscopic findings in uninvestigated dyspepsia patients
Authors: K. Thyagaraja , S. Venkatakrishna Bhat , Benny Stephan
Published: July 2019

Background: Dyspepsia is a frequent syndrome in our country where there are limitations for endoscopy and there is high burden of H. pylori infection. It is important to establish the causes of dyspepsia hence therapeutic approach will be easier. Aim of the study was to find out the common endoscopic findings in a patient with dyspepsia symptoms large tertiary care hospital.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 184 patients either admitted or seen on outpatient basis at the Basaveswara medical college and research institute, Chitradurga with the upper GI symptom dyspepsia and the data was analysed using appropriate statistical methods.Results: Out of 184 patients who underwent Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD scopy) 62% were male and 61% were 31-59year old. The common pathological findings in dyspeptic patients were gastritis and esophagitis.Conclusions: The following insights/observations were made during the course of this study→ dyspepsia is usually caused by H. pylori gastritis, eradication of which relieves the symptom in this observation. Many a times dyspepsia found to have normal study. Hence wise referral for endoscopy is a key in resource limited setup.
Study of serum magnesium level in type 2 diabetes mellitus with nephropathy
Authors: Nayyar Satya Bhushan , Brar Hargurpal Singh , Kukreja Sahiba , Kaur Kamaldeep
Published: July 2019

Background: Magnesium (Mg) is the fourth most abundant cation in the human body and plays a key role in many fundamental biological processes including metabolism and DNA synthesis. Hypomagnesaemia has also been associated with poor glycemic control and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: The present study was undertaken in the Department of Medicine in SGRDIMSAR, Amritsar on 100 patients diagnosed with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus as per the latest ADA criteria. The patients were divided into 2 groups. Group A with 50 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with urinary albumin level >30 mg/dl (Study Group). Group B with 50 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with urine albumin levels <30 mg/dl (Control Group).Results: Hypomagnesemia was present in 16 patients i.e. 32% in study group and 12 patients i.e. 24% in control group (P=0.034). In study group with hypomagnesemia, 13 patients i.e. 81.25% and in control group with hypomagnesemia, 4 patients i.e. 33.33% have poor glycaemic control (P=0.033). In study group with hypomagnesemia, 14 patients i.e. 87.5% and in control group with hypomagnesemia, 5 patients i.e. 41.67% were found to have diabetic retinopathy (P=0.010).Conclusions: Hypomagnesemia was directly correlated with hypertension (P=0.004), poor glycaemic control (P=0.033), diabetic retinopathy (P=0.010) and diabetic nephropathy (P=0.034). Hypomagnesemia leads to early microvascular complications as compared to macrovascular complications. Thus, screening of serum magnesium levels in T2DM with albuminuria should alert us to look for hypertension, poor glycaemic control and retinopathy.
Complex coronary intervention outcomes: real world left main coronary artery angioplasty experience from a tertiary care center in South India
Authors: Sreekumar Pradeep , Pisharody Sunil , Retnakaran Rajagopal , Indai Ashish , Bhutada Poonam , C. Somanathan
Published: July 2019

Background: Left Main Coronary Artery (LMCA) Disease is among the most complex forms of the coronary artery stenosis, the leading cause of mortality in the world.Methods: In this analysis, 102 patients with elective angioplasty for LMCA stenosis with PCI from 6/2013 to 5/2016, 3 years (70 in GenxSync™ arm and 32 in other devices arm; 100 DES and 2 BMS) were included. RADHIKa Analysis compared post-hoc subgroups of GenxSync™ and control groups.Results: Mean population age was 59.99±12.03 years; 60.27±10.49 years in GenxSync™ arm, and 58.31±14.32 years in control arm. A significant population (44, 43.14%) had diabetes, renal impairment (14, 13.73%) and hypertension (25, 24.51%). The MACCE in GenxSync™ arm was 17 13(18.58%) Versus 5(15.63%) [RR=0.93, RR’=-0.07, ψ=-14.01. p=0.3). Most patients presented with unstable Angina (41, 40.20%) in all, 31(44.29%) in GenxSync™ and 10 (31.25%) in Control arm. AWMI and IWMI were 18, 17.65% each, attributed to 12 (17.14%) in GenxSync™ 6 (18.75%) in Control. Effort angina was 15(21.43%) in GenxSync™ and 10 (31.25%) in Control and NSTEMI was 25,24.51% (18 (25.71%)- GenxSync™ 7(21.88%) Control). The MACE in GenxSync™ arm at 24, 12 and 6 months was 12(17.15%), 8(11.43%) and 4(5.71%) respectively versus corresponding MACE in the control arm as 5(15.63%), 2(2.86%) and 2(6.25%) respectively. The TVR was present only in GenxSync™ Arm, which was contributed by 2 CABGs and 12 months and 1 additional PCI at 24 months.Conclusions: In real-world scenario of LMCA cases, performance and safety of various stents were similar. GenxSync™ Sirolimus Eluting Stent, in the post-hoc bifurcation had results similar to other real-world cases, based upon RADHIKa analysis.
Study of pleural effusion in chronic kidney disease patient undergoing hemodialysis in Andhra Pradesh population
Authors: Shaikh Yasar Arafath
Published: July 2019

Background: About 85 patients aged between 30 to 65 years suffering with chronic kidney disease with pleural effusion undergoing hemodialysis were studied.Methods: X-ray, USG and Biochemical study was performed to confirm the Diagnosis.Results: The clinical manifestation was 17 (20%) had hypertension (HTN), 16 (18.8%) had DM (Diabetes mellitus), 12 (14.1%) had cardiac disease 9 (10.5%), had cardiovascular disease, 5 (5.8%) had malignancy. 10 (11.7%), had COPD, 13 (15.2%) had hepatitis 3 (3.5%) had thyroid disease, Hb%, profile was 40 (47%), had 9 to 9.5%, 45 (52.9%) had 10 to 10.5, protein (total) 39 (45.8%) had 6.2 to 6.5 g/dl and 46 (54.1%) had 66 to 6.9 g/dl Albumin 43 (50.5%) was 3.1 to 3.5 g/dl, 42 (49.4%) had 3.6 to 3.8 g/dl. Uric acid in 38 (44.7%) was 7.1 to 7.5 mg/dl, 47 (55.2%) had 7.6 to 8.2 mg/dl, Urea nitrogen in 44 (48.2%) was 88 to 89.2 mg/dl 44(51.7%) had 90 to 96.2 mg/dl GFR in 37 (43.5%) was 5.25 to 5.32 and 48 (56.4%) 5.33 to 6.24  ml/min/1.73 Acess to hemodialysis 50 (58.8%) had arterio- venous fistula or graft and 35 (41.1%) had catheter. The degree of pleural effusion in 58 (68.2%) had mild 22 (25.8%) had moderate   5 (5.8%) had severe degree of effusion.Conclusions: This pragmatic study will be quite useful to physician, urologist, nephrologist to treat such patients efficiently so that the life span of such patients will be increased and avoid the morbidity and long stay in hospitals.
Trends of common contact sensitizers in tandem with increased hair dye dermatitis in Shimla, a sub-Himalayan region: a study of 521 patients
Authors: Verma Ghanshyam K. , Thakur Saru , Tegta Gita Ram , Negi Ajeet K. , Sharma Saurabh , Mehta Prajul
Published: July 2019

Background: Skin is exposed to a vast variety of chemicals, organic or biological products among fashion seeking community of today’s world. This put them at risk of contact sensitization. Rapid industrialization, westernization of the society and poor labeling laws of cosmetics put us to the threat of “contact sensitization explosion” in near future. To know the drift of common contact sensitizers in the region, patch testing provides an insight into the cause of allergic contact dermatitis. The objective of the study was to determine the commonest allergen responsible for allergic contact dermatitis among patients attending contact dermatitis clinic in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Dermatology of our institution. We reviewed the medical records of all patients who were patch tested over a period of 6 years, using Indian standard series.

Results: A total of 521 patients who were patch tested in the contact dermatitis clinic were included in the study. Nine patients with angry back were excluded. There were 269 males and 243 females. The commonest provisional diagnosis was allergic contact dermatitis secondary to hair dye in 172 (33.3%) patients followed by air borne contact dermatitis to parthenium in 88 (17.3%) patients. The paraphenylenediamine (PPD) being the most common sensitizer in 92 (17.9%) patients was followed by nickel in 86 (16.7%) patients, potassium dichromate in 36 (7%), parthenium in 32 (6%) and fragrance mix in 31 (6%) patients.

Conclusions: This study revealed higher prevalence of hair dye dermatitis. Paraphenylenediamine was the most common allergen.
Prevalence of oral lesions in pemphigus vulgaris: a retrospective study
Authors: K. N. Vinay , Afshan Gouhare
Published: July 2019

Background: Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune vesiculobullous disease characterized by vesicles and or bullae affecting skin and mucosa. Oral lesions are the first manifestation of the disease in majority of cases according to literature. This study is conducted to know the prevalence of oral lesions in pemphigus vulgaris patients at the time of presentation.

Methods: This was a retrospective study. Departmental records were evaluated from January 2013 to January 2018. All the demographic data of pemphigus vulgaris patients at the time of first presentation, duration of disease, were assessed and tabulated. The clinical data of these patients during their subsequent visits to clinic were assessed for development of new oral lesions during course of disease.

Results: Total number of patients were 55. The mean age was 42.5 years. 12 (21.8%) were males and 4 (78.1%) were females. Out of 55 patients 37 (67.27%) cases had oral involvement and 18 (32.72%) cases did not have oral lesions at the time of presentation. Out of 37 patients who had oral lesions, 34 (91.89%) patients had both oral and skin lesions and 3 (08.10%) patients had only oral lesions at the time of presentation. Out of the18 patients with no oral lesions, 3 (16.66%) patients developed oral lesions within 3 months. Total number of patients with oral lesions out of 55 were 40 (72.7%).

Conclusions: Our study shows that oral lesions as initial manifestation of pemphigus vulgaris is 67.2%.
Over the counter medication: a study among dermatology outpatients
Authors: Birudala Ramadevi , Hassan Nagaraj Shruthi , Bannala Kousar Begum , ShivaKumar Vijayarangam
Published: July 2019

Background: Over-the-counter (OTC) medicine or non-prescription medicine refer to medicine that you can buy without a prescription from a health care professional. The prevalence, clinical patterns and causative agents of cutaneous drug reactions vary among different populations. The most widely used over the counter medication in dermatological practice are topical steroids. The main objective is to know awareness among the people about over the counter medication and clinical analysis of effects caused by them, to find the most commonly used OTC medication.

Methods: Prospective questionnaire based study comprising of 453 cases of cutaneous effects due to over the counter medication was carried out for a period of 1 year. Diagnosis was made mainly based on clinical features.

Results: Super potent and high potent steroids were the most common OTC medication used which caused nodulocystic acne in 51.6% patients, atrophy in 3.97% patients, tinea incognito in 23.8% patients. Irritant contact dermatitis (due to hydroquinone, cotrimoxazole, neomycin) was seen in 18.5% patients. Fixed drug eruption was seen in 1.32% patients, cushingoid features in 0.66% patient.

Conclusions: Indiscriminate abuse of steroids by people due to lack of awareness should be stopped. This misuse and damage have serious effect on the quality of life of the patients in general and the skin of the face in particular. Management is difficult and necessitates psychological counselling as well as physical soothing of the sensitive skin. For the safety of people Indian association of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology (IADVL) also started IADVL Task force Against Topical Steriod Abuse (ITATSA).
Nicolau syndrome appearing approximately one-year post bicillin injection treated with excision
Authors: Dick Mary K. , Elmore Robert A. , Sharma Poonam K.
Published: July 2019

Nicolau syndrome (livedoid dermatitis, embolia cutis medicamentosa) is a unique and painful reaction post intramuscular injection that often ends with necessary necrotic debridement and scarring. We present a case of a 25-year-old female who developed a tender golf ball size lesion with fat necrosis, confirmed by pathology, approximately one year after a Bicillin injection in the buttock. Excision of the mass was necessary for symptomatic relief. To our knowledge, there has never been a report entailing a slow development of Nicolau syndrome over an extended period of time. The pathophysiology of this condition has been attributed to a myriad of causes such as vascular trauma, drug embolism, inflammation, or inappropriate needle length. This syndrome often progresses through three generalized stages before ending in a necrotizing plaque. While there is no current standardized treatment to Nicolau syndrome there are methods for prevention making this important information across the medical field.
Perfil Sociodemográfico e Relação com a Tutoria de Alunos de Pedagogia EaD
Authors: Fernandes Juliana Gomes , Bianchini Luciane Guimarães Batistela , Alliprandini Paula Mariza Zedu
Published: July 2019

Com a ampliação da Educação a Distância (EaD) no Brasil e o aumento no número de matrículas nessa modalidade de ensino, surgem reflexões e questionamentos acerca do perfil sociodemográfico e das características relacionadas ao modo de estudo dos alunos matriculados nela. O objetivo desta investigação foi identificar o perfil sociodemográfico dos alunos matriculados no curso de Pedagogia, bem como seus hábitos de estudo e sua relação com a tutoria. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa, com 1.434 alunos de um curso de Pedagogia ofertado a distância por uma universidade particular do Norte do Paraná. A coleta foi realizada online e os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística descritiva e inferencial. Dos participantes, 1.364 eram do sexo feminino e 70 do sexo masculino; a média de idade foi de 31,2 anos; a maioria (55,5%) era casada e com renda familiar entre R$ 789,00 e R$ 1.576,00. Estavam divididos por todas as regiões do país e 91,2% declararam possuir apenas o ensino médio. A maioria (85,45%) não havia cursado outros cursos em EaD. Os respondentes informaram que preferem solucionar suas dúvidas com o tutor (58,44%) e que este contribui positivamente para a realização das atividades do curso (93,24%). Pretende-se dessa forma auxiliar a coordenação do curso pesquisado a melhorar a articulação dos projetos pedagógicos com o perfil do aluno, bem como favorecer o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas para a modalidade a distância.
Palavras-chave: Educação a distância. Tutoria. Formação de professores.
Geographical Descriptions of Spain in Latin Medieval Encyclopaedias: From Isidore of Seville to Vincent of Beauvais (VII-XIII c.)
Authors: Wojciechowski Leszek
Published: July 2019

The article discusses the problem of reception of the description of Spain contained in the Etymologies by Isidore of Seville in Latin medieval encyclopaedias, on the background of the development of the medieval encyclopaedic trend. The etymological-geographical description of his homeland was placed by Isidore in book 14 of his work (14, 4, 28-30). This portrayal was “supplemented” in other places in the Etymologies, among other things, with an etymological-ethnographical aspect (9, 2, 109-114). When presenting Spain, Isidore based his work on works from the Antiquity. He showed mainly a Roman Spain, with few references to the contemporary situation of the country under Gothic rule. In later encyclopaedias, in which geographical sections are present, Isidore’s description of Spain is used to a varied extent. It was either repeated (Raban Maur, Vincent of Beauvais), and shortened, with minor modifications (Honorius Augustodunensis), or combined with information found in, for example, the work of Orosius (Historiae: Historiarum adversum paganos libri VII). In the latter case, the combined whole was still updated (with certain selected facts concerning contemporary Spain). Such descriptions were placed in the works of Gervase of Tilbury and Bartholomeus Anglicus. It should be noted that Gervase of Tilbury added to the presentation of Spain a fragment illustrating its division into archbishoprics and bishoprics. A comparison of medieval encyclopaedic descriptions of Spain written before the middle of the XIIIth century – that is, before the encyclopaedia Speculum maius was compiled, it can be claimed that each of them drew on the description placed in book 14 of the Etymologies; in Speculum maius, the greatest encyclopaedia of the Middle Ages, in its part entitled Speculum historiale, this description was repeated word for word, as mentioned above. It may said, that despite new descriptions of Spain (formulated in the first half of the XIIIth c. by Gervase of Tilbury and Bartholomeus Anglicus), the portrayal drawn by Isidore of Seville maintained its “validity”, as it were. Taking into account the outstanding role of medieval encyclopaedic works in the dissemination of knowledge in this epoch, it may also be claimed that the Spain of that time was perceived (at least till the middle of the XIIIth century) “through the eyes of Isidore” (this fact has its reflection in the cartography of the time). It remains to be seen how this picture changed (and if it changed for good) in the late Middle Ages.
Las Siete Partidas Alfonsa X jako źródło do dziejów historii wojskowości. Wybrane zagadnienia
Authors: Niewiński Andrzej
Published: July 2019

In his Siete Partidas Alfonso the Learned discusses in detail various military matters, such as military obligations, waging war on land, defence of castles, battles and sieges, war at sea, qualifications of the leaders, maintenance of military discipline, arms, supplies etc. This pragmatic approach mirrors the situation in the Iberian Peninsula, with its society immersed in a permanent conflict during the Reconquista. The present article primarily focuses on the regulations concerning people’s obligation to protect the king and his castles, obligation to defend the country, to join the army whenever the king needs assistance, as well as the laws concerning knights, and naval warfare. It has also been pointed out that the Castilian king’s imperial aspirations had probably influenced his legal work.
Unas reflexiones sobre el servicio de información español en la época de los Reyes Católicos y los Austrias
Authors: Taracha Cezary
Published: July 2019

United by the Catholic Kings and developing the world’s empire under the rule of the Habsburgs, Spain pursued its interests through various instruments. The most important were diplomacy andthe intelligence service. During the reign of Charles I and Philip II, efforts were made to institutionalize the intelligence structures that were subject to the authority responsible for foreign policy, i.e. Consejo de Estado. The exten-sive Spanish espionage network in Europe was based on the Brussels–Milan–Vienna triangle, which was the logistical basis for its activities and information flow. The Spanish intelligence service served the monarchy in the difficult period of decadence of the second half of the seventeenth century, maintaining the territorial coherence of the state in the era of the French dominance of Louis XIV.
El conflicto entre España e Inglaterra en el contexto de la Guerra de los Siete Años. La guerra de corso (1761-1763)
Authors: Fàbregas Roig Josep
Published: July 2019

In the following part of the article we present the incidents that arose between England and Spain in the final stage of the Seven Years’ War. After the two sides of the conflict declared war, they continued with their corsair actions that had already started earlier, together with the cosequent attacks on boats and taking prisoners concerning the both sides. With respect to the boats, we present the details concerning the place of their capture, their description, the goods transported and the crew; regarding the prisoners, we examine the place of their stay and the estimated costs of their maintainance. Finally, the comparative analysis of their situation on each territory is discussed.
Isaac Albéniz’s Iberia as the Eternal Memory of Andalusia
Authors: Błażejczyk Anna
Published: July 2019

The article is a case study illustrating the phenomenon of historical and cultural memory of the Andalusia region in the work of Isaac Albéniz, a famous Spanish composer of classical music on the turn of the 19th and 20th century. The article discusses the most outstanding composition of I. Albéniz Iberia in the context of the issue of national identity, history and culture of Andalusia. It contains a historical outline of individual Andalusian regions and Albéniz’s letters.
Funciones y criterios lingüísticos para el uso de la coma en la Ortografía académica (2010)
Authors: García Andreva Fernando , Las Heras Calvo Miguel
Published: July 2019

The RAE and the ASALE published their Ortografía de la lengua española in 2010, where, among other orthographic rules, the use of punctuation marks is established. The orthographic competence for the use of these signs, particularly in the case of the comma, requires a complex linguistic (prosody, morphosyntax, semantics, discourse analysis, etc.) and extralinguistic know-ledge on the part of its users. In view of such complexity, this article seeks to conduct a critical review of the main functions of the comma and the criteria followed in the aforementioned work to establish the rules for comma usage.
Neuropatía vasculítica no sistémica: revisión de caso
Authors: Castro Angulo Oscar Ivan , Castro Vargas Hernán , Guzmán Molano Luisa Fernanda
Published: July 2019

La neuropatía vasculítica no sistémica es una condición poco común, caracterizada por el compromiso aislado del sistema nervioso periférico a causa de la infiltración celular en el lecho vascular encargado de su irrigación. Es un término acuñado hace poco más de tres décadas, se considera que es una enfermedad poco descrita y subdiagnosticada.

A continuación, se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente masculino de mediana edad que debuta con síntomas progresivos de predominio motor en miembros inferiores, quien es sometido a una serie de estudios que permiten concluir el diagnóstico, es llevado a tratamiento con corticoides sistémicos, agentes citotóxicos y por ultimo agentes biológicos con estabilización de los síntomas