bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Simple Morita—Baylis—Hillman Reaction Based on the N‐Methylpyrrolidine—Ba(OH)2 Catalytic System.
Authors: Guerra Krassimira P. , Afonso Carlos A. M.
Published: June 2011

Morita—Baylis—Hillman reaction of cyclic enones with formaldehyde or simple aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes is efficiently catalyzed by a NMP/Ba(OH)2 catalyst combination.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild, Large‐Scale Synthesis of 1,3‐Cyclooctanedione: Expanding Access to Difluorinated Cyclooctyne for Copper‐Free Click Chemistry.
Authors: Sims Evan A. , DeForest Cole A. , Anseth Kristi S.
Published: June 2011

A large‐scale five‐step synthesis of target compound (VII) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions of Tetrafluoroethylene with Arylzinc Compounds.
Authors: Ohashi Masato , Kambara Tadashi , Hatanaka Tsubasa , Saijo Hiroki , Doi Ryohei , Ogoshi Sensuke
Published: June 2011

The method allows a new and selective access to various trifluorostyrene derivatives like (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Preparation and Reactivity of Polystyrene‐Supported (Dichloroiodo)benzene: A Convenient Recyclable Reagent for Chlorination and Oxidation.
Authors: Chen Jiang‐Min , Zeng Xiao‐Mei , Middleton Kyle , Zhdankin Viktor V.
Published: June 2011

The reagent is found to be convenient for the chlorination of alkenes, carbonyl compounds and electron‐rich arenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Heck Reaction of Arenediazonium Salts with N,N‐Diprotected Allylamines. Synthesis of Cinnamylamines and Indoles.
Authors: Cacchi Sandro , Fabrizi Giancarlo , Goggiamani Antonella , Sferrazza Alessio
Published: June 2011

Pd‐catalyzed treatment of arenediazonium salts with diprotected allylamines provides a new and easy approach to cinnamylamines.
ChemInform Abstract: An Effective Medium of H2O and Low‐Pressure CO2 for the Selective Hydrogenation of Aromatic Nitro Compounds to Anilines.
Authors: Meng Xiangchun , Cheng Haiyang , Fujita Shin‐ichiro , Yu Yancun , Zhao Fengyu , Arai Masahiko
Published: June 2011

The chemoselective, Ni‐catalyzed hydrogenation of water‐insoluble aromatic nitro compounds in a water‐compressed CO2 system is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Mesoporous Silica‐Grafted Organocatalyst for the Michael Addition Reaction, Synthesized via the Click Method.
Authors: Jain Suman L. , Modak Arindam , Bhaumik Asim
Published: June 2011

The efficient and recyclable bifunctional acid‐base catalyst for the Michael addition of ketones to β‐nitrostyrenes presented here affords the corresponding products with excellent stereoselectivity and in good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: A Two‐Step Ball Milling Method Synthesizes and Purifies α,β‐Unsaturated Esters.
Authors: Shearouse William C. , Korte Chelsea M. , Mack James
Published: June 2011

A solvent‐free, highly stereoselective synthesis of α,β‐unsaturated esters (III) using a modified Horner—Wadsworth—Simmons reaction under high speed ball milling conditions is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Copper‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Thiols with Aryl Iodides.
Authors: Kao Hsin‐Lun , Chen Chin‐Keng , Wang Yu‐Jen , Lee Chin‐Fa
Published: June 2011

The cross coupling of aryl iodides with a variety of aromatic and aliphatic thiols is efficiently catalyzed by inexpensive ligand‐free Cu2O.
ChemInform Abstract: Greener Ullmann‐Type Coupling of Aryl Halides for Preparing Biaryls Using Reusable Pd/ZrO2 Catalyst.
Authors: Dumbre Deepa K. , Wakharkar Radhika D. , Choudhary Vasant R.
Published: June 2011

For the presented synthesis of the compounds (II) the catalyst is prepared by the impregnation technique.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Tertiary Thiols by Intramolecular Arylation of Lithiated Thiocarbamates.
Authors: MacLellan Paul , Clayden Jonathan
Published: June 2011

Lithiation of N‐aryl‐S‐α‐alkylbenzyl thiocarbamates (I) leads to the rearrangement with migration of the N‐aryl ring to the anionic center.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Organocatalytic Anthrone Additions to Activated Alkenes.
Authors: Zea Alex , Alba Andrea‐Nekane R. , Bravo Natalia , Moyano Albert , Rios Ramon
Published: June 2011

Bifunctional amino‐thiourea‐catalyzed reaction of anthrones (I) and (IV) with β‐nitrostyrene derivatives (II) exclusively affords the Michael adducts (III) and (V), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Epoxidation of Styrene Derivatives by Styrene Monooxygenase from Pseudomonas sp. LQ26: Effects of α‐ and β‐Substituents
Authors: Lin Hui , Liu Yan , Wu Zhong‐Liu
Published: June 2011

(all yields determined by HPLC).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Transformations of Novel Benzo[c]furans.
Authors: Palko Roberta , Riedl Zsuzsanna , Solyom Sandor , Pallagi Istvan , Rokob Tibor Andras , Egyed Orsolya , Hajos Gyoergy
Published: June 2011

A series of novel isobenzofurans (III) is prepared and used as starting compounds in the synthesis of Diels—Alder adducts (V), (VII), (IX), and (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Bithiophene‐Substituted Heterocycles Bearing Carbonitrile Groups.
Authors: Ismail Mohamed A. , Boykin David W.
Published: June 2011

Several heterocyclic carbonitriles containing the bisthiophene moiety are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of 5‐Substituted 3‐Pyrrolidin‐2‐ones: Vinylogous Michael Addition under Multifunctional Catalysis.
Authors: Huang Huicai , Jin Zhichao , Zhu Kailong , Liang Xinmiao , Ye Jinxing
Published: June 2011

Reaction of lactam (I) with α,β‐unsaturated ketones provides Michael adducts with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Allyl‐, Allenyl‐, and Propargyl‐Transfer Reactions Through Cleavage of C—C Bonds Catalyzed by an N‐Heterocyclic Carbene/Copper Complex: Synthesis of Multisubstituted Pyrroles.
Authors: Sai Masahiro , Yorimitsu Hideki , Oshima Koichiro
Published: June 2011

A convenient procedure A) or B) is developed for the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some 4‐Functionalized‐pyrazoles as Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: Sharma Pawan K. , Chandak Navneet , Kumar Pawan , Sharma Chetan , Aneja Kamal R.
Published: June 2011

Novel pyrazoles (IV) and (V) bearing a benzenesulfonamide moiety are synthesized using Vilsmeier‐Haack formylation as the key reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Substituted Imidazole Derivatives as Novel Cardiovascular Agents.
Authors: Malhotra Vineet , Pathak Seema R. , Nath Rajendra , Mukherjee Devashish , Shanker K.
Published: June 2011

A variety of novel substituted imidazole derivatives are prepared and evaluated in vivo for their hypotensive activities and acute toxicities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Stereochemistry, Antimicrobial Evaluation and QSAR Studies of 2,6‐Diaryltetrahydropyran‐4‐one Thiosemicarbazones.
Authors: Umamatheswari S. , Balaji B. , Ramanathan M. , Kabilan S.
Published: June 2011

All products (III) are screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphotungstic Acid: An Efficient Catalyst for Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Tetrahydroquinoline via Imino Diels—Alder Reaction and Fluorescent Studies.
Authors: Achar Kavitha C. S. , Hosamani Kallappa M. , Seetharamareddy Harisha R.
Published: June 2011

Tetrahydroquinoline derivatives (III) and (V) are synthesized using inexpensive and eco‐friendly phosphotungstic acid as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activities of Novel Ethers of Quinolinone Linked with Coumarins.
Authors: Kalkhambkar Rajesh G. , Aridoss G. , Kulkarni Geeta M. , Bapset R. M. , Mudarraddi T. Y. , Premkumar N. , Jeong Yeon Tae
Published: June 2011

Starting from 4‐(bromomethyl)quinolinones, a series of ethers of quinoline linked with different substituted coumarins and benzofurans are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: FeCl3·6H2O‐Promoted Skeleton‐Rearrangement of 1‐Substituted‐3‐benzazepines: Substrate Extension and Product Utilization.
Authors: Zhang Jing , Wu Kui , Wang Meining , Jiang Jianqin , Zhang Ao
Published: June 2011

Based on a recently published report, the scope of the substrates is broadened to 1‐alkyl‐ and 1‐alkenylbenzazepines.
ChemInform Abstract: Water‐Prompted Synthesis of Alkyl Nitrile Derivatives via Knoevenagel Condensation and Michael Addition Reaction.
Authors: Soleimani Ebrahim , Khodaei Mohammad Mehdi , Batooie Nasim , Baghbanzadeh Mostafa
Published: June 2011

A straightforward, efficient and catalyst‐free protocol for the synthesis of nitrile derivatives of barbituric acid and related compounds is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot Asymmetric Organocatalytic Tandem Reaction for the Synthesis of Oxazine Derivatives.
Authors: Jin Zhichao , Yu Feng , Wang Xiao , Huang Huicai , Luo Xiaoyan , Liang Xinmiao , Ye Jinxing
Published: June 2011

An easy and highly enantioselective method to prepare fused oxazine derivatives of type (III) and (V) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Activity of 8‐Alkoxy‐5,6‐dihydro‐4H‐[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a][1]benzazepin‐1‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Piao Feng‐Yu , Han Rong‐Bi , Zhang Wei , Zhang Wen‐Bin , Jiang Ri‐Shan
Published: June 2011

Title compounds (III) are synthesized (no yield given) and screened for their anticonvulsant activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Utility of α‐Oxoketene and α‐Cyanoketene Thiacetals in Heterocyclic Syntheses: Synthesis of Some New Benzothiazepine Derivatives.
Authors: Mohamed Mounir A. A.
Published: June 2011

Compounds (III) and (XV), which can be easily prepared from 2‐aminothiophenol (I), are used as starting compounds for various heterocyclic derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of a New Series of Isoxazolidines Derived from Substituted Chalcones.
Authors: Piotrowska Dorota G. , Cieslak Marcin , Krolewska Karolina , Wroblewski Andrzej E.
Published: June 2011

The cycloaddition reaction between nitrone (I) and chalcones (II) leads to isolated major isoxazolidines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Four Natural Triterpene Saponins with Important Antitumor Activity.
Authors: Guo Tiantian , Liu Qingchao , Zhang Lei , Wang Peng , Li Yingxia
Published: June 2011

The first synthesis of four natural triterpene saponins (I) and (II) is described, which exhibit significant antitumor activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Compounds from Kadsura angustifolia with anti‐HIV Activity.
Authors: Sun Rong , Song Hong‐Chuan , Wang Chun‐Ren , Shen Kai‐Ze , Xu Yao‐Bo , Gao Yan‐Xiu , Chen Ye‐Gao , Dong Jin‐Yan
Published: June 2011

Four new cycloartane triterpenoids angustifodilactone A and B (I), angustific acid A (II), and angustific acid B (III), are isolated from the branches of the title plant together with six known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Deacylation of Functionalized Esters Catalyzed by Dioxomolybdenum Dichloride.
Authors: Liu Cheng‐Yuan , Chen Hui‐Ling , Ko Chih‐Min , Chen Chien‐Tien
Published: June 2011

The new deacetylation protocol is successfully applied to a variety of differently protected mono‐ and disaccharides.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Alkaloid, Aristopyridinone A and Antiinflammatory Phenanthrenes Isolated from Aristolochia manshuriensis.
Authors: Su Jinu‐Huang , et al. et al.
Published: June 2011

The new alkaloid, aristopyridinone A (I), and the new phenanthrene, aristolamide II (II), are isolated from Aristolochia manshuriensis (Guanmutong) along with eight known phenanthrenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Approaches to Selenacephams and Selenacephems via a Cleavage of Diselenide and Selenium Anion.
Authors: Garud Dinesh R. , Makimura Masaki , Koketsu Mamoru
Published: June 2011

A variety of selenacephams and selenacephems is prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Large‐Scale Applications of Transition Metal Catalyzed Couplings for the Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Magano Javier , Dunetz Joshua R.
Published: June 2011

Review: 687 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Intermolecular Dehydrogenative Heck Reactions
Authors: Le Bras Jean , Muzart Jacques
Published: June 2011

Review: 293 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Carbon—Heteroatom Bond‐Forming Reactions
Authors: Corma A. , Leyva‐Perez A. , Sabater Maria J.
Published: June 2011

Review: 767 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Catalyzed C—S, C—Se, and C—Te Bond Formation via Cross‐Coupling and Atom‐Economic Addition Reactions
Authors: Beletskaya Irina P. , Ananikov Valentine P.
Published: June 2011

Review: 497 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylation and Benzylation Reactions
Authors: Weaver Jimmie D. , Recio Antonio , Grenning Alexander J. , Tunge Jon A.
Published: June 2011

Review: 254 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Application of Bismuth‐Containing Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Shimada Shigeru
Published: June 2011

Review: 96 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Eight‐Membered and Larger Rings
Authors: Newkome George R.
Published: June 2011

Review: 197 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Seven‐Membered Rings
Authors: Smith Jason A. , Molesworth Peter P. , Hyland Christopher J. T. , Ryan John H.
Published: June 2011

Review: 296 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Five‐Membered Ring Systems with O and N Atoms
Authors: Cicchi Stefano , Cordero Franca M. , Giomi Donatella
Published: June 2011

Review: 127 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the C‐2 Regioselective Direct Arylation of Indoles
Authors: Boorman Tanya C. , Larrosa Igor
Published: June 2011

Review: 53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Natural Withanolides: An Overview
Authors: Chen Li‐Xia , He Hao , Qiu Feng
Published: June 2011

Review: 211 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Natural Products and Chagas′ Disease: A Review of Plant Compounds Studied for Activity Against Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Izumi Erika , Ueda‐Nakamura Tania , Filho Benedito Prado Dias , Veiga Valdir Florencio Jr. , Nakamura Celso Vataru
Published: June 2011

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymatic Functionalization of Carbon—Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Lewis Jared C. , Coelho Pedro S. , Arnold Frances H.
Published: June 2011

Review: 115 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Functional Roles of Constitutively Active Calcineurin in Delayed Neuronal Death After Brain Ischemia
Authors: Shioda Norifumi , Fukunaga Kohji
Published: June 2011

Review: 57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Regulation of Dopaminergic Neuronal Death by Endogenous Dopamine and Proteasome Activity
Authors: Izumi Yasuhiko , Kume Toshiaki , Akaike Akinori
Published: June 2011

Review: 16 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Lipid Networks in Mast Cell Biology
Authors: Taketomi Yoshitaka , Murakami Makoto
Published: June 2011

Review: 71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors: Scope of Their Use and Development in Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Khan Mohammed Naseer A. , Lee Yong Sup
Published: June 2011

Review: 203 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biotechnological Approaches to Combat Textile Effluents
Authors: Growther Lali , Meenakshi M.
Published: June 2011

Review: 34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrospinning Nanofibers for Water Treatment Applications
Authors: Smit Eugene
Published: June 2011

Review: 34 refs.
Nutzung von latenten Wärmespeichern in Mauerwerk zur Energieeinsparung
Authors: Ortlepp Sebastian , Ortlepp Regine
Published: June 2011

Phasenwechselmaterialien in den Kammern von Hochlochziegeln können die Wärmekapazität des Steins erhöhen. Dadurch kann eine zusätzliche Speicherung von Wärmeenergie erreicht werden. Die täglichen Schwankungen von Temperaturen in Innenräumen werden durch solche Speicher verringert, wodurch günstigere klimatische und bauphysikalische Bedingungen erreicht werden. Mit der Speicherung überschüssiger Wärmeenergie am Tage kann der Energieverlust infolge der Abkühlung in den Abend‐ und Nachtstunden wirksam reduziert werden. Da die Raumtemperatur durch die Wärmeenergie aus den Wänden somit länger bis in die Abendstunden erhalten bleibt, führt dies insgesamt zu einer Einsparung von Heizenergie.

Use of latent heat accumulators in masonry constructions to conserve energy. Phase change materials in the chambers of perforated bricks can increase the heat capacity of the unit. Due to this, an additional storage of thermal energy can be achieved. The daily fluctuations of indoor temperatures can be reduced by such thermal storage, whereby more favorable climatic and physical conditions can be reached. Due to the storage of excess thermal energy during the day, the energy loss due to the cooling in the evening and night hours is effectively reduced. Since the room temperature caused by the thermal energy from the walls can be conserved till to the evening hours. This leads to a saving of heat energy.
Der Wand‐Decken‐Knoten im Mauerwerksbau —
Authors: Jäger Wolfram , Reichel Stephan
Published: June 2011

Der vorliegende Beitrag ist die Fortsetzung der in der Zeitschrift Mauerwerk erschienenen Reihe “Der Wand‐Decken‐Knoten im Mauerwerksbau”. Teil 1 beschäftigte sich dabei allgemein mit der Thematik des Wand‐Decken‐Knotens und seiner ingenieurpraktischen Behandlung. Teil 2 beinhaltet die Ergebnisse aus experimentellen Untersuchungen an verschiedenen Wand‐Decken‐Knoten sowie den Vergleich mit numerischen Berechnungen. Als Resultat liegt ein modifiziertes theoretisches Berechnungsmodell vor, mit dessen Hilfe eine realitätsnahe Bestimmung der Knotenmomente und damit der Lastexzentrizitäten möglich ist. Um eine einfache und schnelle Anwendung der gewonnenen Erkenntnisse zu ermöglichen, wurde eine umfassende Parameterstudie durchgeführt, als deren Ergebnis die Lastausmitten für zahlreiche gängige Parameterkombinationen vorliegen.

Im Teil 3 der Reihe wird jetzt die praktische Anwendung der dabei produzierten Ergebnistabellen anhand zweier Beispiele demonstriert. Die gesuchten Größen können dabei direkt aus den Tabellen abgelesen und für die nachfolgende Bemessung benutzt werden. Die aufwendige Bestimmung der Biegemomente, z. B. nach DIN 1053‐1 anhand eines Rahmensystems, kann entfallen. Mit den Ergebnistabellen aus steht damit ein geeignetes Werkzeug zur Verfügung, um die tatsächlichen Lastexzentrizitäten in der Wand auf schnelle, einfache, realistische und sichere Weise zu bestimmen.

The interaction between slabs and masonry walls — part 3: Application of the calculation model. The paper at hand continues the series ”The interaction between slabs and masonry walls” published in the journal ”Mauerwerk”. Within the first part, a general introduction into the theory and engineering treatment of the interaction between slabs and masonry walls is given. Experimental investigations as well as the comparison of the results with numerical simulations are described in the second part. As a result, a modified theoretical calculation model is available, that allows for a realistic determination of the nodal moments and with that of the load eccentricities. To enable a simple and fast application of the findings, a comprehensive numerical parameter study was carried out, which delivered load eccentricity tables for numerous standard parameter combinations.

Now in the third part, the practical application of those tables is demonstrated by means of two examples. At this, the requested values can directly be taken from the tables and used for the subsequent design of the masonry walls. The complex determination of bending moments, for example according to DIN 1053‐1 by means of a frame system, can be omitted. Hence, the result tables from are a suitable tool fort the fast, simple, realistic and safe identification of the actual load eccentricities.
Wandsysteme aus Leichtbeton‐Mauerwerk und mineralischem Putz
Authors: Gebhart Achim , Schrenk Johannes
Published: June 2011

Die Energieeinsparverordnung (EnEV) 2009 beinhaltet verschärfte Anforderungen an den Jahresprimärenergiebedarf und den Transmissionswärmeverlust von Gebäuden. Damit sinkt der durchschnittliche U‐Wert von Außenwänden auf 0,28 W/(m2K). Mauersteine aus haufwerksporigem Leichtbeton wurden in den letzten Jahren wärmetechnisch so verbessert, dass sich diese Anforderungen mit Mauerwerksdicken von 36,5 cm problemlos erfüllen lassen. In der Regel werden Außen‐ und Innenwände aber verputzt. Mauerwerk, Außen‐ und Innenputz stellen ein System dar, das vielen bauphysikalischen Gesichtspunkten genügen muss. Mineralische Außenputze mit hydrophilen Eigenschaften und kalkgebundene Innenputze ergänzen Mauerwerk aus Leichtbetonsteinen hier ideal.

Properties of wall systems made of lightweight concrete masonry and mineral plaster. The Decree for Saving Energy (Energieeinsparverordnung, EnEV 2009) consists stronger regulations for the yearly demand of energy and the loss of transmission heat of buildings. Therefore the average U‐Value for enclosure walls decreases to 0.28 W/(m2K). Blocks made of aggregate lightweight concrete have been improved by the industry concerning their thermal conductivity in the last years, so these demands can be fulfilled with masonry 36,5 cm in thickness. Normally exterior and interior walls get a special plaster. Masonry, exterior and interior plaster form a system, which has to fulfill many physical aspects according to the building. Minerally exterior plasters with hydrophilic properties and interior plasters based on lime complete masonry made of lightweight concrete blocks in a perfect way.
Feuerwiderstandsprüfung für Mauerwerk aus unverputzten Plan‐Hohlblöcken
Authors: Heller Dieter
Published: June 2011

Im Auftrag des Bundesverbands Leichtbeton e.V. wurde an der MFPA Leipzig eine Feuerwiderstandsprüfung nach DIN EN 1365‐1 durchgeführt. Der Prüfkörper, eine 115 mm dicke, unverputzte, tragende Wand aus Leichtbeton‐Planhohlblöcken HBn‐P4, erfüllte die Anforderungen an die Feuerwiderstandsklasse REI 90 bei voller Auslastung nach DIN 1053‐100.
The Role of Thermal Mass in the Sustainable Design of Australian Housing
Authors: Page Adrian W.
Published: June 2011

There is an increasing worldwide interest in sustainability in all of its forms, and in particular the sustainable design of housing. In Australia this has been reflected in regulations which require new housing to satisfy various sustainability requirements, particularly in relation to energy efficiency and water consumption.

Traditionally house design in Australia has been governed by aesthetic and economic considerations with little attention being given to factors such as energy performance. A range of veneer and cavity walling systems are available, but solar‐passive design principles, taking advantage of the thermal mass of heavy walling, are not widely used. As a result, many houses use artificial heating and cooling to provide internal thermal comfort, with no attempt in the design to optimise the thermal performance of the building. Since this operational energy far outweighs the embodied energy of the materials, operational performance becomes a key factor in the design of a sustainable housing system.

In this context, the more effective use of the thermal mass inherent in heavy walling such as brickwork has an important role to play in improving thermal performance. Some of the findings of a major on‐going research project at the University of Newcastle focussing on this area are presented here.

Die Rolle der thermischen Masse bei nachhaltigen Konstruktionen im australischen Gebäudebau. Es ist weltweit ein zunehmendes Interesse an Nachhaltigkeit in all ihren Formen, insbesondere bei der nachhaltigen Gestaltung der Gebäudehülle, zu verzeichnen. In Australien spiegelt sich dies in den Regelungen wider, die beim Bau von neuen Gebäuden zu beachten sind, um den verschiedenen Anforderungen der Nachhaltigkeit gerecht zu werden; insbesondere in Bezug auf Energieeffizienz und Wasserverbrauch.

Die traditionellen Hauskonstruktionen in Australien wurden von ästhetischen und ökonomischen Überlegungen beeinflusst mit nur wenig Augenmerk auf Faktoren wie Energieeffizienz. Eine Reihe von Verblend‐ und Hohlziegelmauerwerk‐Systemen sind verfügbar; aber solare Passiv‐Konstruktionsprinzipien, die den Vorteil der thermischen Massen von schweren Wänden nutzen, sind nicht sehr verbreitet. Als Folge nutzen viele Häuser künstliche Heizung und Kühlung, um thermischen Komfort zu bieten, ohne den Versuch zu unternehmen, bereits bei der Konstruktion die thermische Leistungsfähigkeit des Gebäudes zu optimieren. Da die eingesetzte Energie für den Betrieb des Gebäudes bei weitem die graue Energie der Materialien übersteigt, wird diese Gesamtenergie zu einem wichtigen Faktor bei der Herstellung nachhaltiger Gebäudesysteme.

In diesem Zusammenhang spielt die effizientere Nutzung der in schweren Wänden aus Mauerwerk vorhandenen thermischen Masse eine wichtige Rolle bei der Verbesserung der thermischen Leistungsfähigkeit. Einige der Ergebnisse eines laufenden umfassenden Forschungsprojektes an der Universität von Newcastle mit Schwerpunkt auf diesem Bereich werden im vorliegenden Beitrag vorgestellt.
Implementation of target sound extraction system in frequency domain and its performance evaluation in actual room environments
Authors: Kousaka Masanori , Suyama Kenji
Published: June 2011

In this paper, we present a real‐time implementation of target sound extraction operating in a frequency domain using a microphone array, and describe its performance evaluation in actual room environments. In the realized system, the target sound extraction can be achieved by using the FDGSC (Frequency Domain Generalized Sidelobe Canceler) which is one of GSCS. In each frequency band, the FDGSC is composed of a fixed beamformer part for target sound enhancement and an adaptive filter part for noisy sound reduction. Since the FDGSC is required to apply the DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) in every sound data block, the processing for a series of block data must be completed within the transfer time of block data in the real‐time system. Thus, we implemented the FDGSC using a general‐purpose DSP (Digital Signal Processor) evaluation board which enabled us to perform high‐speed signal processing. Superior performance of real‐time processing and target sound extraction are shown by several experimental results in real room environments. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(7): 9–16, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10334
Chiral selectivity of guanosine media in capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Dong Yingying , McGown Linda B.
Published: June 2011

Gels formed by self‐association of monomeric guanosine compounds join numerous other agents such as cyclodextrins, crown ethers, chiral surfactants, antibiotics, proteins, and polysaccharides for chiral separations. Guanosine gels (G‐gels) are self‐assembled networks of hydrogen‐bonded tetrads formed by guanosine nucleotides and their derivatives. The tetrads stack upon themselves to form columnar, helical aggregates that are stabilized by π–π interactions and centrally located cations. Previous work showed the effectiveness of G‐gels formed by guanosine‐5′‐monophophate for separation of the enantiomers of the cationic drug propranolol using capillary electrophoresis. Subsequently, it was found that not all chiral compounds could be resolved into their enantiomers, leading us to investigate in this work the structural features that appear to be correlated to enantiomerically selective interactions of chiral compounds with G‐gels. For those compounds (anionic 1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diyl hydrogen phosphate and zwitterionic tryptophan) for which enantiomeric resolution was achieved, the effects of experimental conditions and G‐gel composition were examined. For other compounds with no net charge (hydrobenzoin and zwitterionic amino acids and derivatives), the migration times were used as an indicator of the extent of interaction with the G‐gel run buffer. It was found that the extent of interaction alone does not determine the chiral selectivity of the G‐gel, indicating that the mechanism of chiral separation involves particular structural characteristics of the chiral compounds.
Identification of tyrosine nitration in UCH‐L1 and GAPDH
Authors: Guingab‐Cagmat Joy D. , Stevens Stanley M. , Ratliff Mary V. , Zhang Zhiqun , Gold Mark S. , Anagli John , Wang Kevin K. W. , Kobeissy Firas H.
Published: June 2011

Protein tyrosine nitration is a post‐translational modification commonly used as a marker of cellular oxidative stress associated with numerous pathophysiological conditions. We focused on ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase‐L1 (UCH‐L1) and glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate (GAPDH) which are high‐abundant brain proteins that have been identified to be highly susceptible to oxidative modification. Both UCH‐L1 and GAPDH have been linked to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, however specific nitration sites have not been elucidated. Identification of specific nitration sites and quantitation of endogenous nitrated proteins are important in correlating this modification to disease pathology. In this study, purified UCH‐L1 and GAPDH were nitrated in vitro with peroxynitrite and the presence of nitrated proteins was confirmed by anti‐3‐nitrotyrosine Western blots. Data‐dependent LC‐MS/MS analysis identified several distinct tyrosine nitration sites in UCH‐L1 (Tyr‐80) and GAPDH (Tyr‐47, Tyr‐92, and Tyr‐312). Subsequent validation with synthetic peptides was conducted for selected nitropeptides. An LC‐MS/MS method was developed for semi‐quantitative determination of the synthetic nitropeptides: KGQEVSPKVY*(UCH‐L1) and mFQY*DSTHGKF (GAPDH). The nitropeptides were detectable in the mid‐attomole range and the peak area response was linear over three orders of magnitude. Targeted analysis of endogenous UCH‐L1 and GAPDH nitration was then conducted in an in vivo second‐hand smoke rat model to evaluate the utility of this approach.
Mass spectrometry characterization for chemoenzymatic glycoprotein synthesis
Authors: Schiel John E. , Lowenthal Mark S. , Phinney Karen W.
Published: June 2011

The current project describes the chemoenzymatic modification of bovine ribonuclease B (RNase B) to contain a single glycosylation site with a known glycan. A reactive disaccharide oxazoline derivative was synthesized and stereospecifically added to deglycosylated RNase B through endo‐β‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase M catalyzed chemoenzymatic transglycosylation. Oxazoline formation conditions were optimized using mass spectrometry, and the product verified based on its collision‐induced dissociation (CID) mass spectrum. Enzymatic removal of native glycans as well as formation of the desired homogeneous product was also monitored using mass spectrometry. LC‐MSn using four sequential rounds of CID was used to verify that the original glycosylation site had been reorganized to contain the new glycan. The techniques described herein are not limited to this analyte or glycan and should be amenable to the synthesis of numerous homogeneous glycoconjugates with judicious choice of enzyme/substrate combinations. The combined use of chemoenzymatic synthesis and mass spectrometry‐based characterization shows promise for the development of homogeneous glycoprotein reference materials. A well‐defined glycoprotein standard containing a single glycan of known composition, linkage and stereochemistry would be of great value for the comparison and evaluation of glycoprotein analysis techniques. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Azidoacetone as a complexing agent of transition metals Ni2+/Co2+ promoted dissociation of the CC bond in azidoacetone
Authors: Assis Ana C. , Couto Narciso , Duarte M. Filomena , Rodrigues Paula , Barros M. Teresa , Costa M. Lourdes , Cabral Benedito J. C. , Fernandez M. Tereza
Published: June 2011

The relevance of metal interactions with azides has led us to the study of the complexation of some transition metals, nickel and cobalt, by azidoacetone by means of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). Complexes were obtained from solutions of NiCl2 and CoCl2, in methanol/water. Nickel was electrosprayed with other counter ion, bromide (Br), as well as other solvent (ethanol/water). For nickel and cobalt, the complexes detected were single positively charged, with various stoichiometries, some resulted from the fragmentation of the ligand, the loss of N2 being quite common. The most abundant species were [Ni(II)Az2X]+ where X = Cl, Br and Az = azidoacetone. Some of the complexes showed solvation with the solvent components. Metal reduction was observed in complexes where a radical was lost, resulting from the homolytic cleavage of a metal coordination bond. Collision‐induced dissociation (CID) experiments followed by tandem mass spectrometry (MS‐MS) analysis were not absolutely conclusive about the coordination site. However, terminal ions of the fragmentation routes were explained by a gas‐phase mechanism proposed where a CC bond was activated and the metal inserted subsequently. Density functional theory calculations provided structures for some complexes. In [Ni(II)Az2X]+ species, one azidoacetone ligand is monodentate and the dominant binding location is the alkylated nitrogen and not the carbonyl group. The other azidoacetone ligand is bidentate showing coordination through alkylated nitrogen and the carbonyl group. These are also the preferential binding sites for the most stable isomer of [Ni(II)AzX]+ species. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous and high‐throughput quantitation of urinary tetranor PGDM and tetranor PGEM by online SPE‐LC–MS/MS as inflammatory biomarkers
Authors: Zhang Yizhong , Zhang Guodong , Clarke Philip A. , Huang Jeffrey T. J. , Takahashi Eddie , Muirhead David , Steenwyk Rick C. , Lin Zhaosheng
Published: June 2011

Quantitation of urinary tetranor PGDM or tetranor PGEM (tPGDM and tPGEM) in the past was performed separately using off‐line SPE LC–MS/MS methods. The manual SPE procedure is generally time‐consuming and cost‐ineffective. In addition, simultaneous quantitation of tPGDM and tPGEM is favorable yet very challenging because of the similar chemical structures and identical MRM transitions. This work describes the development and validation of a high‐throughput online SPE‐LC–MS/MS method, allowing simultaneous and high‐throughput measurement of tPGDM and tPGEM in human urine. The reportable range of the assay was 0.2–40 ng/ml for tPGDM and 0.5–100 ng/ml for tPGEM. Intra‐ and inter‐assay precision and accuracy determined using quality control samples were all within acceptable ranges (% CV and % Bias < 15%). Tetranor PGDM was stable under all tested conditions while tPGEM was stable at 4 °C and after three F/T cycles but not stable at room temperature for 24 h (recovery below 80%). The assay was applied to measure urinary tPGDM and tPGEM among healthy volunteers, smokers and COPD patients. Significantly higher urinary levels of both tPGDM and tPGEM were observed in COPD patients than those of non‐smoking healthy volunteers. These results demonstrated that the high‐throughput online SPE‐LC–MS/MS assay provides sensitive, reproducible and accurate measurement of urinary tPGDM and tPGEM as biomarkers for assessing inflammatory diseases such as COPD. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The 12th Human Liver Proteome Project (HLPP) Workshop, September 2010, Sydney, Australia
Authors: Zhang Xueli , He Fuchu
Published: June 2011

The 12th HLPP workshop was held in conjunction with the 9th HUPO 2010 World Congress on September 20th in Sydney, Australia. This 2‐h workshop was chaired by Prof. Fuchu He (Beijing Proteome Research Center). Highlights included: (i) progress of the post‐translational modification of liver proteome; (ii) construction of the human liver protein interaction and localization maps; (iii) progress made in terms of identifying biomarker for liver diseases; and (iv) discussion on the second phase of the initiative. This was followed by a lively discussion related to the project.
Nanocontact size dependence of the properties of vortex‐based spin torque oscillators
Authors: Otxoa R. M. , Manfrini M. , Devolder T. , Kim J.‐V. , van Roy W. , Lagae L. , Chappert C.
Published: June 2011

We study the frequency, linewidth, and power of spin torque driven vortex oscillators, based on a nanocontacted spin‐valve (SV). The oscillation frequency strongly decreases with the contact size, and increases with the current. The power delivered by the oscillator is not quadratic with the current, in contrast with the behavior expected from the rigid vortex model (RVM). The linewidth is almost independent of the current at low current and does not strongly depend on the nanocontact size. We compare our findings with the outcomes of the RVM.
Brief report: How anxiously withdrawn preadolescents think about friendship
Authors: Fredstrom Bridget K. , Rose‐Krasnor Linda , Campbell Kelly , Rubin Kenneth H. , Booth‐LaForce Cathryn , Burgess Kim B.
Published: June 2011

Previous research suggests that anxiously withdrawn preadolescents demonstrate success in forming friendships, yet these friendships tend to be of lesser quality. Drawing on Selman's (1980) theory of interpersonal understanding, we compared levels of friendship understanding between anxiously withdrawn preadolescents and a sample of non‐withdrawn age mates. Fifth graders (N = 116; 58% girls; mean age = 10.33 yrs) completed same‐sex friendship and social behavior nominations, as well as a semi‐structured clinical interview assessing understanding of various friendship issues in response to a hypothetical friendship dilemma. Results suggest that anxiously withdrawn preadolescents demonstrated lower levels of friendship understanding for some, but not all, friendship issues that may be related to friendship quality. The findings suggest that social cognitive assessments of friendship may be useful in understanding the friendship successes and difficulties of anxiously withdrawn preadolescents.
The Evolution and Current Paradigm of Chemotherapy for Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Payne Heather A. , Aggarwal Ajay , Woolf David K.
Published: June 2011

While hormonal manipulation has a pivotal role in the management of advanced prostate cancer, most patients eventually become refractory to such intervention. Until 2004, no treatment had been shown to increase survival in this group of men. Then the demonstration that docetaxel-based chemotherapy improved overall survival, compared with mitoxantrone-based chemotherapy, ushered in a new era of prostate cancer management—and a new treatment pathway. Questions persisted over optimal use of multiple lines of hormone manipulation, and the ideal time in the pathway to offer chemotherapy. The pathway now looks set to change again, as a new generation of treatments emerges from phase III clinical trials. The next challenge facing healthcare professionals in prostate cancer will be to determine the optimal way in which these new agents can be used, in sequence and/or in combination.
Measuring self-harm in adults: A systematic review
Authors: Borschmann R. , Hogg J. , Phillips R. , Moran P.
Published: June 2011

Purpose

To identify from the literature, and to critically evaluate, all validated instruments currently available to measure self-harming behaviour in adults.

Materials and methods

Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Health and Psychosocial Instruments and Google scholar were searched, grey literature was sought and the reference lists of relevant articles were checked to identify instruments.

Results

A total of seven validated instruments which met our inclusion criteria were identified and data were extracted regarding each instrument's format, administration method, psychometric properties and number of items and domains included. Considerable variation was observed in the overall quality of these instruments. Fourteen other instruments were identified which did not describe their psychometric properties or had not been published and were subsequently excluded from our review.

Discussion

Although many instruments were identified in our search, only a small number had been validated with published psychometric properties. Of the identified instruments, the Suicide Attempt Self-Injury Interview (SASII) appears to be the most robust and comprehensive instrument currently available. Despite the absence of psychometric data, numerous other instruments have been used in published studies, including clinical trials.

Conclusion

Our results highlight the pressing need for a standardized, empirically validated and versatile measure of intentional self-harming behaviour for use in both clinical and research settings. The optimum characteristics of such an instrument are discussed.
Oxidative stress is implicated in arsenic‐induced neural tube defects in chick embryos
Authors: Han Zhong‐Ji , Song Ge , Cui Yi , Xia Hong‐Fei , Ma Xu
Published: June 2011

The potential of arsenic to induce neural tube defects (NTDs) remains a topic of controversy. In our previous study, oxidative stress and altered DNA methylation were observed in arsenic‐exposed animal models. However, the correlation between these conditions was not fully understood. Therefore, our present aim was to determine whether arsenic exposure results in altered reactive oxygen species levels that affect DNA methylation and may contribute to NTDs in chick embryos. We demonstrated that arsenic‐induced NTDs were associated with oxidative stress. Increased intracellular oxidative species and DNA methylation changes were observed following arsenic exposure. These changes were accompanied by a decrease in manganese superoxide dismutase activity. Furthermore, a significant decrease in DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 1 and 3a expression was observed following arsenic exposure. The known antioxidant N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine, a known antioxidant, ameliorated global DNA hypomethylation and the decreased DNMT 1 and 3a expression observed during arsenic exposure. In addition, arsenic caused a significant decrease in S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM) and significant increase in S‐adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). This effect resulted in a significant reduction of the SAM/SAH ratio, which may also contribute to DNA hypomethylation. In conclusion, oxidative stress and reduction in SAM/SAH ratio during arsenic exposure in chick embryos seem to modulate DNA methylation and contribute to arsenic‐induced NTDs via epigenetic mechanisms.
WSAVA Nutritional Assessment Guidelines
Authors: Freeman Lisa , Becvarova Iveta , Cave Nick , MacKay Clayton , Nguyen Patrick , Rama Betina , Takashima Gregg , Tiffin Ross , van Beukelen Peter , Yathiraj S
Published: June 2011

Objectives Careful assessment of the nutritional needs of cats and dogs must be taken into consideration in order to maintain optimum health, be part of a treatment regimen for a diseased state, or to maximize the quality of life in all animals. The goal of these World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) Guidelines is that a nutritional assessment and specific nutritional recommendation is made for every patient on every visit. This will become known as the 5th Vital Assessment (5VA), following the four vital assessments of temperature, pulse, respiration and pain that are already addressed on each patient interaction.

Evaluation of nutritional status A brief screening evaluation of nutritional status can be routinely and seamlessly performed during the history-taking and physical examination of every patient. Nutrition-related risk factors that can be easily identified from the history and physical examination include age (growing or old), suboptimal body condition score (overweight or thin), muscle loss, atypical or homemade diet, medical conditions or changes in appetite. An extended evaluation would follow if one or more risk factors is identified on screening. These guidelines provide criteria with which to evaluate the animal and the diet, as well as key feeding and environmental factors. In addition, recommendations for interpretation, analysis and action are included so that a plan for optimizing the animal's nutritional status can be instituted.

Team approach Client compliance with nutritional recommendations requires input from the veterinarian, veterinary technicians/nurses and hospital staff. A team approach to continuous nutritional education, implementation of appropriate protocols, and focused client communication, utilizing these WSAVA Nutritional Assessment Guidelines, is key to reaching this 5VA goal.
Vitamin D-Dependent Non-Type 1, Non-Type 2 Rickets in a 3-Month-Old Cornish Rex Kitten
Authors: Phillips Angela M , Fawcett Anne C , Allan Graeme S , Wilkinson Margaret , Fraser David R , Malik Richard
Published: June 2011

Case presentation and assessment A 3-month-old female Cornish Rex kitten was found to have non-painful swelling of the carpal and tarsal regions when presented for routine neutering. The kitten was smaller in stature and less active than its siblings and, according to the owner, had a bunny-hopping gait, was reluctant to climb stairs and strained during defecation. Radiography of the affected limbs and a subsequent radiographic survey of the entire skeleton demonstrated features consistent with rickets. The three littermates were clinically and radiographically normal. As a nutritionally complete diet was being fed, it seemed most likely that the kitten had an inborn error related to vitamin D metabolism. Serum biochemistry demonstrated reduced total alkaline phosphatase activity and increased concentrations of parathyroid hormone. Concentrations of 1,25- and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol were markedly reduced, confirming the diagnosis of rickets.

Treatment The kitten was treated with calcitriol, administered orally once daily, and improved rapidly both clinically and radiologically. Serial laboratory studies suggested that the error in vitamin D metabolism was transient, and, at the time of writing, as an adult, the cat appears to require no ongoing replacement calcitriol therapy.

Clinical relevance This case emphasises the value of examining a full ‘calcium profile’ via a human or veterinary reference laboratory, and a favourable prognosis in some kittens with rickets makes such investigations worthwhile. Even when finances preclude detailed investigation, trial therapy using a nutritionally complete diet and physiological doses of calcitriol or cholecalciferol is inexpensive and can produce a good response.
Tree-ring dates on two pre-Little Ice Age advances in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska, USA
Authors: Wiles Gregory C. , Lawson Daniel E. , Lyon Eva , Wiesenberg Nicholas , D'Arrigo R. D.
Published: June 2011

Two interstadial tree ring-width chronologies from Geikie Inlet, Glacier Bay Southeast, Alaska were built from 40 logs. One of these chronologies has been calendar dated to AD 224–999 (775 yr) crossdating with a living ring-width chronology from Prince William Sound, Alaska. Trees in this chronology were likely killed through inundation by sediments and meltwater from the advancing Geikie Glacier and its tributaries ca. AD 850. The earlier tree-ring chronology spans 545 yr and is a floating ring-width series tied to radiocarbon ages of about 3000 cal yr BP. This tree-ring work indicates two intervals of glacial expansion by the Geikie Glacier system toward the main trunk glacier in Glacier Bay between 3400 and 3000 cal yr BP and again about AD 850. The timing of both expansions is consistent with patterns of ice advance at tidewater glaciers in other parts of Alaska and British Columbia about the same time, and with a relative sea-level history from just outside Glacier Bay in Icy Strait. This emerging tree-ring dated history builds on previous radiocarbon-based glacial histories and is the first study to use tree-ring dating to assign calendar dates to glacial activity for Glacier Bay.
A NEW VARIATIONAL FORMULATION FOR CONVEX HAMILTONIAN SYSTEMS WITH NONLINEAR BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
Authors: LEWIS MARK , MOAMENI ABBAS
Published: July 2011

A variational principle is established to provide a new formulation for convex Hamiltonian systems. Using this formulation, we obtain some existence results for second-order Hamiltonian systems with a variety of boundary conditions, including nonlinear ones.