bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artisanal Fishing and Fish Farming Networks in Colombia: Social and Solidarity Economy Contribution
Authors: Basso Dirceu , Rodríguez Juan Fernando Álvarez , Feiden Aldi
Published: December 2024

Objective: To analyze social and solidarity economy (SSE) contribution aiming on associations and cooperatives, concerning dynamics of artisanal fishing and fish farming in Colombia.
 
Theoretical Framework: This study values the contributions of New Economic Sociology (NES) and Convention Theory (French), based on analytical concepts of social networks, embeddedness, conventions and social construction of markets. Approaches to markets and the social and solidarity economy are connected to the theoretical framework.
 
Method: This research is characterized as descriptive, exploratory and typological, therefore, with a qualitative emphasis. The typological construction of social networks considered eight qualitative variables that allow us to understand the nature of social networks in their interactions with markets, and associations and cooperativism contribution in the outlined social networks
 
Results and Discussion: Four social networks were identified: one of them is related to artisanal fishing (artisanal fishing net) and three belong to fish farming, namely: fish farming network; fish farming in network “transition” and; commodity fish farming network. Social and solidarity economy is present in artisanal fishing networks, fish farming networks, and fish farming networks in “transition”, while associations are the most predominant manifestation, with practices that aim at improving productive processes and quality of life.
 
Research Implications: To understand the contribution of social and solidarity economy of the artisanal fishing network and the three Colombian fish farming networks, regarding the strong spirit of fishermen and fish farmers for the practices of solidarity cooperation and to observe the limits and perspectives that can contribute to cooperative entrepreneurship.
 
Originality/Value: Analyze the contribution of social and solidarity economy in artisanal fishing and fish farming context, based on the notion of social networks, which allow us to observe different patterns present on fishermen and fish farmers’ behaviors in their fishing enterprises and the role played by both Associativism and Cooperativism in different described and analyzed networks.
Relación entre cognición social e ideación suicida en adolescentes de una institución educativa del municipio de Envigado, Colombia
Authors: Bedoya Ospina  Estefanía , Blandón Ospina Ana Milena , Castaño Ramírez Sandra Milena , Valencia Maria Liliana
Published: December 2024

El siguiente estudio explora la relación entre unas variables (cognición social e ideación suicida) dentro de una población segmentada (adolescentes) en un determinado espacio. La cognición social es el conjunto de dimensiones cognitivas de nivel superior que permiten desarrollar experiencias personales en un entorno social; la ideación suicida es una fase de la conducta suicida que incluye pensamientos de muerte autoinfligida; la adolescencia es una etapa del desarrollo humano en la que surgen procesos mentales complejos, cambios físicos, emocionales y psicosociales. Objetivo: analizar la relación existente entre las variables cognición social e ideación suicida en adolescentes de 10° de una institución educativa (I.E.) del municipio de Envigado - Colombia. Método: estudio descriptivo-correlacional no experimental en una muestra no probabilística de 59 adolescentes entre 14 y 17 años, a quienes se les aplicó el test de Actitudes y Estrategias Cognitivas Sociales AECS (Moraleda et al., 1998) y el Inventario de Ideación Suicida Positiva y Negativa PANSI (Osman et al., 1998). Se emplea el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman para hallar correlación; igualmente, se aplicó una encuesta sociodemográfica para identificar diferencias significativas mediante las pruebas no paramétricas U de Mann-Whitney y Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados: la presencia de ideación suicida en la población analizada es poco considerable; las dimensiones de cognición social se encontraron en un nivel moderado y las diferencias estadísticamente significativas se hallaron en las categorías de sexo y tipología familiar; adicionalmente, se encontraron correlaciones inversas y directas entre las dimensiones del AECS y el Inventario PANSI.
Preferencias sensoriales y la conducta adaptativa
Authors: Rivera Flores Danny Gonzalo , Crespo Fernández Emily Carolina , Criollo Barrera Laura Inés , Camacho Estrada Sara Nidhya
Published: December 2024

El cambio de entorno académico, desde la básica hasta el bachillerato, desencadena una variedad de comportamientos en los estudiantes, influenciando directamente su proceso de aprendizaje y adaptación. Este estudio de investigación tuvo como objetivo explorar las preferencias sensoriales de los estudiantes con el fin de facilitar una adaptación óptima al nuevo contexto educativo. La muestra incluyó a 101 estudiantes que iniciaron el primer año de bachillerato. Se implementó una metodología de enfoque mixto que integró niveles de investigación descriptiva y correlacional, combinando técnicas de investigación de campo y revisión bibliográfica. Para alcanzar el objetivo propuesto, se realizó una exhaustiva revisión de fuentes bibliográficas confiables. Se utilizaron herramientas de evaluación, como el Test de VARK, para identificar las preferencias sensoriales individuales, y el Inventario de Adaptación de Conducta (IAC), para medir la adaptación en los ámbitos personal, familiar, educativo y social. Para validar los resultados obtenidos, se aplicó el estadístico Kruskal-Wallis, confirmando la hipótesis alterna propuesta. Los hallazgos revelaron que las preferencias sensoriales tienen un impacto significativo en la conducta adaptativa de los estudiantes de primer año de bachillerato. Este estudio contribuye a la comprensión de los factores que influyen en la adaptación de los estudiantes a nuevos entornos académicos, destacando la relevancia de considerar las preferencias sensoriales para mejorar la experiencia educativa.
Validación del inventario de personalidad del DSM 5 en una muestra de profesores universitarios colombianos
Authors: Berrío García Nathaly , Vieco Gómez German Fernando , Londoño Arredondo Nora Helena
Published: December 2024

El modelo dimensional de personalidad del DSM 5, comprobado reiteradamente, postula una teoría que establece la existencia de cinco dominios como variantes desadaptativas de los cinco grandes de personalidad, desde el punto de vista psicopatológico. Para continuar con la comprensión de las diferentes asociaciones entre los rasgos de la personalidad derivados del modelo de los cinco grandes y diversas variables, se requiere disponer de instrumentos con adecuadas propiedades psicométricas y adaptados lingüística y culturalmente a las poblaciones de interés. El objetivo del estudio actual es medir las propiedades psicométricas para la versión breve del Inventario de Personalidad del DSM 5. Se desarrolló una investigación con diseño metodológico de tipo psicométrico. Participaron 286 profesores de 29 universidades de Colombia, con mediana de edad de 43 años (RIC 15). El análisis factorial corroboró la estructura de cinco factores que explicaron el 39,6 % de la varianza total. La evaluación de la relevancia, claridad, precisión y comprensión de los reactivos fluctuó entre 0,90 y 0,99. La consistencia interna para la escala total fue de ω = 0,86 y osciló entre 0,68 y 0,77 para las cinco dimensiones del inventario. Las evidencias de validez de contenido y confiabilidad sugieren que el instrumento es adecuado para la medición de la personalidad en profesores universitarios.
Abordando los conflictos contemporáneos: construcción de paz, posconficto y el paradigma de la seguridad
Authors: Polo Puentes Fernando Andrés
Published: December 2024

El libro “Abordando los Conflictos Contemporáneos: Construcción de Paz, Posconflicto y el paradigma de la seguridad” tiene como objetivo analizar la construcción de paz en contextos de posconflicto, centrándose en el caso de Colombia. A través de una exhaustiva investigación, se exploran las dinámicas de los conflictos contemporáneos, la relación con el Derecho Internacional Humanitario, y la justicia transicional como herramientas clave para la reconciliación y la paz sostenible. Entre los hallazgos más destacados se incluyen la identificación de los conflictos desestructurados a la luz del Derecho Internacional Humanitario y la importancia de mecanismos de justicia que responsabilicen a los perpetradores de crímenes graves. También se discuten los procesos de paz en Colombia, subrayando la necesidad de una infraestructura de paz que integre a la sociedad civil y a las instituciones estatales. Esta investigación genera un impacto significativo en la comunidad académica, en razón a que el libro ofrece un marco teórico para abordar la complejidad de los conflictos actuales, promoviendo un enfoque multidimensional que combina seguridad, justicia y derechos humanos. Lo anterior, proporciona nuevas perspectivas para académicos y formuladores de políticas en la búsqueda de soluciones efectivas para la paz en contextos similares.
Los conflictos contemporáneos y su relación con el Derecho Internacional Humanitario
Authors: Martin Moreno Luis Antonio
Published: December 2024

Este capítulo examina, desde la perspectiva histórica, los conflictos contemporáneos y su relación con el DIH; interpreta la caracterización asimétrica y desestructurada de los conflictos contemporáneos, y finaliza identificando las prácticas y el comportamiento de actores irregulares dentro de los conflictos armados internos. En este recorrido, señala que hoy el terrorismo, la guerra de guerrillas, el empleo de la ciberguerra y los derechos del medioambiente, entre otros, son campos de ampliación del derecho internacional, que obligaron la expedición de nuevas regulaciones, como las contenidas en el Protocolo II adicional a los Convenios de Ginebra, el mismo Artículo Común 3 y otras convenciones sobre el uso de medios, nuevas tecnologías y métodos de guerra, pues el derecho internacional clásico, solo centraba su regulaciones en los conflictos interestatales
Procesos de paz y justicia transicional en Colombia
Authors: Martin Moreno Luis Antonio
Published: December 2024

Este capítulo examina la dinámica de los procesos de paz en Colombia y su relación con la memoria histórica, la búsqueda de la verdad y el modelo evolutivo de justicia transicional durante el conflicto armado interno. Esto por cuanto los procesos de paz y la justicia transicional en el país son parte integral de los esfuerzos por terminar el conflicto armado no internacional en sus fases experimentadas a lo largo del tiempo, donde se han involucrado varios grupos armados organizados y las fuerzas estatales y, por supuesto, se han ocasionado graves violaciones a los DD. HH. y crímenes de guerra. En la historia de tales procesos de paz, uno de los hitos más significativos fue el desarrollado entre el Gobierno colombiano y las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC), en 2016, y que incluyó disposiciones sobre justicia transicional, como la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz.
El derecho operacional y su relación con la seguridad y defensa nacional
Authors: Cano Cueva Diego Fernando
Published: December 2024

Este capítulo examina la contribución del derecho operacional al fortalecimiento de la capacidad operativa de las instituciones de seguridad en Colombia, así como su papel en la defensa de la población y la promoción de la estabilidad y la paz; aborda los desafíos y dilemas éticos que surgen en la intersección entre el derecho operacional y la protección de los DD. HH. en un contexto de conflicto interno y violencia; analiza las normas y principios del derecho operacional aplicables en Colombia, considerando, tanto el marco legal nacional, como los deberes internacionales asumidas por el país, y explora temas como la planificación y ejecución de operaciones militares, la protección de la población civil, el uso proporcional de la fuerza, la responsabilidad y la rendición de cuentas, entre otros aspectos relevantes.
Actores armados y su impacto en la seguridad humana
Authors: Ballesteros Betancur Valentina
Published: December 2024

Este capítulo examina los diferentes tipos de actores armados, sus motivaciones, objetivos y métodos de operación y cómo pueden representar una amenaza directa para la seguridad humana, ya sea mediante violencia física, intimidación o imposición de ideologías extremistas, lo que puede generar desplazamiento forzado de personas, crisis humanitarias y aumento de la vulnerabilidad de las comunidades afectadas. Destaca, además, la importancia de la seguridad humana en relación con los actores armados y plantea la necesidad de adoptar un enfoque integral que combine medidas de seguridad tradicionales con estrategias de desarrollo y protección de los DD. HH. Señala que abordar las causas subyacentes de los conflictos armados, como la pobreza, la desigualdad y la exclusión social, puede contribuir a reducir la influencia de tales actores armados y explora diferentes enfoques y herramientas útiles para fomentar la seguridad humana en contextos donde están presentes
Cotas para negros, encontro de saberes para indígenas: gramáticas da inclusão étnico-racial no ensino superior
Authors: Medaets Chantal , Arruti José Maurício , Fonseca de Almeida Ana Maria
Published: December 2024

O texto analisa a gramática mobilizada na arena pública que se formou a partir das discussões sobre políticas de inclusão étnico-racial no Brasil, mostrando convergências e diferenças no vocabulário e nas estratégias de ação de defensores de ações afirmativas destinadas a pessoas negras e indígenas. Examina em detalhe o debate que culminou na criação de um vestibular indígena na Unicamp em 2018, como parte de um programa mais amplo de ações afirmativas.
Embates políticos e transações na construção da constituição de 1824
Authors: Oliveira Vellozo Júlio César , Duarte Dantas Monica
Published: December 2024

O artigo sustenta que a constituição brasileira outorgada em 1824 é uma complexa solução de compromisso com os debates e o projeto da Assembleia Constituinte dissolvida em 1823. Partindo desse pressuposto, busca destrinchar a intricada trama de ruptura e continuidade no longo trabalho de elaboração constitucional que vai da abertura da Assembleia Constituinte em 3 de maio de 1823 à outorga da Constituição, em 25 de março do ano seguinte.
Silencios sonoros. Actores, escenarios y prácticas musicales en la gobernación y obispado de Popayán, 1546-1810
Authors: Casas Figueroa María Victoria , Abadía Quintero Carolina
Published: December 2024

La musicología histórica se ha venido consolidando como una disciplina que integra el hacer musical inmerso en los procesos culturales y sociales. Existe una importante trayectoria de trabajos orientados desde distintas aproximaciones musicales que comprenden la música académica, la música popular y, en menor escala, estudios de la música religiosa, entendida esta como parte del hacer cotidiano de las ciudades. En el periodo colonial la música estuvo ligada fuertemente a todo el acontecer local, en celebraciones regias, civiles, militares y religiosas. En la mayoría de los casos lideradas, contratadas y consignadas en los archivos de cabildo, como única o quizá la fuente más importante de este acontecer.

Este libro, producto del interés y del compartir de trayectos de investigación, logró conjugar dos opciones fundamentales para alimentar la construcción de las historias de la música en el país. Desde las visiones de la historia colonial, la historia de la cultura, la musicología histórica y la musicología urbana, hemos logrado presentar una nueva alternativa para el estudio de la música en Popayán durante los siglos XVII y XVIII, en tanto, al igual que en muchas otras ciudades de la América hispana, la práctica musical formó parte de la actividad cotidiana tanto en la vida religiosa como en la vida secular. Este proyecto se adelantó gracias a la convocatoria interna 2020 de la Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones de la Universidad del Valle.
ANÁLISE EPIDEMIOLÓGICA DAS INTERNAÇÕES E INFECÇÕES RELACIONADAS À ASSISTÊNCIA À SAÚDE (IRAS) POR SARS-COV-2
Authors: Araujo Edilaine Aparecida Oliveira , Hartmann Raphael Chalbaud Biscaia , Pujals Constanza , Oliveira Rosana Rosseto de , Pedroso Raíssa Bocchi
Published: December 2024

A Covid-19 como ficou conhecida, é uma doença de alta transmissibilidade, inclusive em ambientes hospitalares, considerada nesse caso uma infecção relacionada à assistência à saúde. O objetivo do estudo foi investigar as internações por Covid-19 e as infecções relacionadas à assistência em saúde (IRAS) por SARS-CoV-2. Estudo observacional, analítico, transversal, realizado com prontuários eletrônicos de pacientes com a Covid-19, internados em duas instituições hospitalares do Noroeste do Paraná e atestados de afastamento dos funcionários, de março de 2020 a setembro de 2021. Os dados foram analisados com estatística descritiva. No Hospital 1 houve 815 casos diagnosticados com a Covid-19, sendo que 26 possivelmente são de transmissão Nosocomial e 224 evoluíram para óbito; no Hospital 2, 1.574 casos de Covid-19, 02 de transmissão Nosocomial e 315 óbitos. Ambas as instituições a maior incidência de IRAS por SARS-CoV-2 foi em idosos. Em relação à equipe de trabalho, no Hospital 1 houve 346 afastamentos em decorrência da doença e no Hospital 2, 153 afastamentos. As instituições estudadas apresentaram altas taxas de internações de pacientes facilitando assim propagação do vírus, ações que viabilizem a segurança do paciente, investimentos em treinamentos para as equipes e criação de protocolos de segurança ao paciente são indispensáveis.
Signaling and Tactical Hedging as Political Tools in the Formation of Minilateral Security Coalitions: Quad and AUKUS in the Indo-Pacific Region
Authors: Mafuang Supatat
Published: December 2024

This article explores the dynamics of minilateral institutions such as the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD) and the Trilateral Security Partnership (AUKUS). As the global order shifts from unipolarity to multipolarity, finding truly “like-minded” allies for strategic coordination remains a challenging task. Thus, states as hedgers deploy signaling and tactical hedging to build mutual trust and “like-minded allies”. The revival of QUAD in 2017 was a response to strategic competition in the Indo-Pacific region, where China is increasingly influencing the regional security architecture. The recent creation of AUKUS can be seen as a tactical hedging by the US, UK and Australia against challenges from China in the South China Sea disputes. In this article, signaling and tactical hedging approaches are considered as a means of assessing the readiness of allies to cooperate in a minilateral format. Minilateral partnerships facilitate cooperation among key regional actors, while signaling mechanisms are used to convey intentions and deter adversaries. Additionally, the concept of tactical hedging is analyzed, highlighting the nuanced strategies used by countries to navigate a complex security environment. The analysis shows that states resort to tactical signaling and hedging maneuvers to advance their interests and limit the influence of competitors, while avoiding unnecessary confrontation. For instance, the implications of minilateralism extend beyond mere military cooperation; they also encompass economic and diplomatic dimensions that can shape regional stability. For instance, while QUAD emphasizes a Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP), its focus on non-traditional security issues such as climate change and health policy. Minilateral formats like QUAD and AUKUS are thus increasingly important as flexible cooperation tools for regulating security in the region. By exploring these interrelated elements, the article aims to provide insights into the evolving security architecture of QUAD and AUKUS in the Indo-Pacific.
Uganda's Media Landscape
Authors: Tian Jiahuang , Nikonov Sergey Borisovich , Gurushkin Pavel Yurievich , Melnik Galina Sergeevna
Published: December 2024

This study analyzes the evolution of the Ugandan media landscape and its interaction with the political environment. The media in Uganda has historically undergone a transformation from external control in the colonial era to local development after independence and the transition to the digital age. Despite the constitutional guarantee of freedom of the media in Uganda, they continue to be subject to strict government censorship and control, especially in the field of regulation of social networks and online platforms. This phenomenon shows the contradictions and complexities between media freedom and government control in Uganda. About 98% of Ugandan households have access to radio via traditional radio, telephone or Internet. Radio has a wide reach in Uganda, especially in remote areas, where it has become the main source of information for the population. Compared to television and print media, radio has more influence, and people generally trust radio and find its content more direct, reliable and easy to understand. The study uses a qualitative research approach combining documentary analysis, case studies and comparative analysis. To do this, it was necessary, first, to trace the historical background and evolution of media policy in Uganda. Secondly, to select typical public and private media for case studies and examine their social functions under government control. The relevance of this work lies in the fact that, analyzing the historical development of the Ugandan media, their current state and connection with politics, it is possible to present a specific example for studying African media systems. The object of research in this work is the Ugandan media landscape, and the subject is the peculiarities of the development process and characteristics of Ugandan media. The novelty of the research lies in the combination of multidimensional perspectives of the historical, political and media environment of Uganda for a systematic analysis of the evolution of the Ugandan media landscape and its interaction with the political system. In addition, the study provides a unique perspective on the challenges faced by Ugandan media in the context of globalization, in particular the struggle between the growth of social media and government regulation, which offers new insights into the relationship between media and politics in other African countries.
Raising voices at voice-identification: a review of judicial opinion
Authors: Aggarwal Kanika
Published: December 2024

Uncovering of instances of wrongful conviction has led to a shift in scientific paradigm is being observed, especially in relation to the forensic disciplines that rely on pattern comparison- like voice-identification, odontology, hair analysis, tool analysis etc. Though it is well-documented that none of the forensic science disciplines, other than DNA, can scientifically claim individualisation, the lawyers and judges are found to be totally oblivious of this scientific reality. Forensic/Scientific evidences, professed as scientific and objective, are routinely admitted. Given the different nature of law and science as disciplines, it is a daunting task for judges to effectively guard against unreliable forensic evidences/testimonies. This task is made more onerous by a number of possible factors – limitation or lack of scientific knowledge in the legal community, partisan bias exhibited by experts, submission of new or dubious science etc. This systemic issue calls for thorough deliberation and serious discussion. The primary goal of the paper is to thoroughly examine the judicial decisions relating to assessment of voice identification evidence, which is one of the feature comparison techniques that have been questioned. This paper begins with analysis of scientific foundation on which voice identification evidence is based. The following section provides a deliberation on various contention issues around this forensic technique. Thereafter, there is review of relevant rulings of the trial court. Lastly, it is concluded that there is dearth of statutory rules in relation to admission of forensic evidence. Resultantly, non-epistemic means are being adopted in courts such as reliance on cross-examination and counter evidence.
Visualization of Gun Shot Residue (GSR) distribution on dark garments using the Video Spectral Comparator (VSC) and using the Modified-Griess(MG) test
Authors: Seneviratne Eranthi
Published: December 2024

Visualization of Gun Shot Residue Distribution (GSR) on dark garments using the Video Spectral Comparator (VSC) and using the Modified Griess (MG) test: A study of the effect of the firearm and the distance on the GSR distribution.
Compliment Phrases in Youth Environment in Russian and Chinese Languages (lexico-semantic analysis)
Authors: Du Zihan
Published: December 2024

This article is devoted to the study of lexical units for expressing compliments in the speech of modern Russian and Chinese youth. The study reveals the dominant parts of speech in the lexical inventory and word-formation mechanisms in youth compliment slang. While building the compliment lexico-semantic group, typical cognitive-semantic models and a corresponding world view in youth speech communication have been revealed. Common and distinctive features in their lexico-semantic representations have also been specified.
Linguistic Personality vs Discursive Personality: from the General to the Specific
Authors: Bogomolova A. V.
Published: December 2024

A comparative analysis of the terms “linguistic personality”, “discursive personality” and “communication personality” is carried out in order to confirm the hypothesis that “ linguistic personality” can be regarded as a hyperonym in relation to the other terms used to describe the phenomenon homo loquens. The term “ linguistic personality” is analysed from the standpoints of linguoculture, linguodidactics, psycholinguistics, and cognitive-discourse. The arguments of the researchers who advocate differentiating the terms “discursive personality” and “communication personality”, as well as “rhetorical personality” and “textual (discourse) personality” are presented. The study concludes that “linguistic personality”, understood as a personality capable of producing and understanding speech in a certain language with regard to personal properties, worldview, circumstances, etc., is an umbrella concept to the terms “discursive personality”, represented as a linguistic personality capable of producing a certain discourse, and “communication personality”, considered as the realisation of linguistic personality in the oral communicative space.
Lexical Repetition as a Resource for Speech Impact in the Discourse of the Spanish Monarch
Authors: Selivanova I. V.
Published: December 2024

Repetitions in public political discourse are necessary to make a text more coherent, facilitate its comprehension and expand its significance. The article examines lexical repetitions as one of the most effective means of persuasion in Felipe VI’s public discourse and provides their classification in accordance with the semantics of repeated elements, syntactic macro context and pragmatic context. It has been revealed that this means of linguistic expressiveness directly depends on the prevailing historical and modern socio-political context and serves as a tool for implementing communicative strategies and tactics, primarily in public speeches of internal addressing, where it is necessary to actively promote certain ideas and opinions. At the same time, repetitions perform suggestive (to convince the addressee), communicative (to structure information) and expressive functions (to intensify emotional impact). Besides, in the socio-political context (from 2017 to the present), the lexemes with negative emotional connotation are used more frequently and help to carry out the strategy for shaping an emotional state of the addressee. This tendency can be explained by the need to demonstrate, as part of the tactics of appealing to the addressee’s emotions, the participation of the Spanish monarch in the life of the society, especially in times of crisis and instability to reduce the degree of emotional and social tension. Nowadays tautological repetitions of (a) ideologemes describing the state structure, (b) ideologemes of integrative semantics, and (с) pronouns of integrative semantics (such as todos, nuestro, nosotros) play a significant role since they help to promote certain ideas such as the necessity for national unity and the indivisibility of the state.
Binary Classifier for Experimental Search of Triggers in Jokes in English
Authors: Zakovorotnaia E. M.
Published: December 2024

This paper describes the development of a binary classifier differentiating humorous and non-humorous texts. The proposed seq2seq model consists of a pre-trained BERT embedding layer and a Bi-LSTM layer used for sequence classification. Training and validation corpora include 76,000 jokes and non-jokes with identical vocabulary; this is essential in preventing vocabulary choice from being employed as a distinguishing factor between humor and non-humor. Further, this paper also describes the application of the trained neural network in a series of experiments on linguistic transformations of humorous and non-humorous texts. The purpose of these experiments is to identify the essential parts and words, without which the joke ceases to be humorous. Some interdisciplinary theories of humor specify such expressions as triggers [Attardo S., 1994]. Based on the results of quantitative and qualitative analyses, 78 of the jokes from the validation dataset changed the label to the opposite at least once when the text was transformed. At the same time, 16 of the remaining 22 jokes contain explicit or implicit extralinguistic information. T-test, which measured probabilistic estimates of the original and modified texts for each type of linguistic transformation, revealed (keep tense consistent) the most common types of them: deletion of the punchline, deletion of the setup, deletion of 1 to 3 tokens from the beginning of the text, deletion of 1 to 3 tokens from the middle of the text and deletion of all the nouns.
Соотношение достижения успеха и уровня постоянного потенциала головного мозга у школьников раннего подросткового возраста
Authors: Боравова А.И.
Published: December 2024

Исследовано соотношение показателей школьной, личностной и реактивной тревожности, самооценки, а также нейротизма у подростков 12-14 лет в зависимости от уровня мотивационных тенденций: стремление к успеху и избегание неудачи. Установлены взаимосвязи между отдельными показателями психоэмоциональных характеристик и выраженностью мотивации достижения успеха и боязни неудач. Между активностью, измеряемой с помощью регистрации уровня постоянного потенциала (УПП) головного мозга в правой височной области, и мотивационными оценками при выраженной мотивации достижения успеха существует прямая корреляция, а при отсутствии устойчивой мотивационной тенденции - обратная корреляция.

he ratio of indicators of school, personal and reactive anxiety, self-esteem, as well as neuroticism in adolescents aged 12-14 years was studied depending on the level of motivational tendencies: striving for success and avoiding failure. Relationships between individual indicators of psycho-emotional characteristics and the severity of motivation for achieving success and fear of failure have been established. There is a direct correlation between the activity, measured by the registration of the DC potential level of the brain in the right temporal region and motivational assessments with a pronounced motivation to achieve success and in the absence of a stable motivational tendency, there is an inverse correlation.
ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ И ВОСПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЬНЫЕ КАЧЕСТВА КОРОВ ХОЛМОГОРСКОЙ ПОРОДЫ КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТА
Authors: Р.К. Мещеров , В.П. Ходыков , Ш.Р. Мещеров , Н.С. Никулкин
Published: December 2024

В статье отражены в сравнительном аспекте показатели продуктивных и воспроизводительных качеств коров холмогорской породы скота в ведущих регионах ее разведения и в целом по породе.

The article reported in the comparative aspect the indicators of productive and reproductive qualities of cows of the Kholmogor cattle in the leading regions of its breeding and in the whole breed.
Селекция уток отцовской формы кросса
Authors: Я.С. Ройтер , Р.Р. Кутушев
Published: December 2024

Данная работа является частью комплексной программы селекции, проводимой СГЦ ООО «ППЗ Благоварский» совместно с ФНЦ «ВНИТИП» РАН по совершенствованию и созданию высокопродуктивных конкурентоспособных линий и кроссов уток. Цель данной работы - усовершенствовать приемы и методы оценки и отбора уток по конверсии корма, мясным формам телосложения и воспроизводительным показателям. Работу проводили на утках отцовской линии «А 3» кросса «Агидель 34». В итоге выполненной работы уточнены методы селекции уток по конверсии корма, обмускуленности статей тела, оперенности и воспроизводительным показателям птицы. За 6 поколений отбора уток живая масса в 6-недельном возрасте увеличилась на 5,7%, конверсия корма на 8,0%. Ожиренность тушки снизилась на 1,5%. При скрещивании линии ♂ «А3» х ♀«А4» выход мяса от несушки родительского стада составил 548-557 кг при конверсии корма 2,05 кг/кг прироста живой массы.

This work is part of a comprehensive breeding program conducted by the SGC LLC «Blagovarsky PPZ» together with the Federal Science Center «VNITIP» RAS to improve and create highly productive competitive lines and duck crosses. The purpose of this work is to improve the techniques and methods for assessing and selecting ducks on feed conversion, meat body form and reproductive performance. The work was carried out on the ducks of the paternal line «A3» of the cross «Agidel 34». As a result of the work performed, methods for breeding ducks on feed conversion, muscling of body articles, feathering, and poultry reproductive performance were specified. Over 6 generations of selection of ducks, live weight at 6 weeks of age increased by 5.7%, feed conversion by 8.0%. The fatness of the carcass decreased by 1.5%. When crossing the line ♂ «A3» x ♀ «A4», the output of meat from the hen of the parent flock was 548-557 kg with a feed conversion of 2.05 kg / kg of weight gain.
КОРМОВАЯ ДОБАВКА АЛЬГАВЕТ НА ОСНОВЕ МИКРОВОДОРОСЛИ CHLORELLA В РАЦИОНЕ ОТСТАЮЩИХ В РОСТЕ ПОРОСЯТ
Authors: В.А. Лукьянов , А.А. Антипов , М.М. Наумов , А.Т. Мысик , Н.А. Садомов , Г.С. Походня , Н.Н. Швецов , М.Р. Швецова , Н.М. Наумов
Published: December 2024

Исследования проведены на двух группах поросят по 140 голов в каждой в условиях свинокомплекса ОАО «Мазоловское» в период с 33 по 67 день. Животным опытной группы дополнительно в рацион включали кормовую добавку «АльгаВет» на основе микроводорослей в дозе 1 мл/кг живой массы для повышения сохранности и продуктивности. На 67 день эксперимента, живая масса поросят увеличилась до 18,8 и 19,9 кг соответственно. Среднесуточный прирост составил в контрольной группе 294 г, в опытной 329 г, что на 11,9% выше. За время проведения опыта в контрольной группе пало 11 и 5 поросят в опытной, при этом сохранность составила - 92,1 и 96,4% соответственно. За период эксперимента было скормлено 2141,4 кг и 2241,0 кг с «АльгаВет», где затраты комбикорма на 1 кг прироста за опыт в контрольной группе составили 1,66 кг, в опытной - 1,50 кг, что на 10,7% ниже. Прибыль от реализации поросят с учетом их живой массы на контрольном варианте составила 194016 руб., в опыте - 214920 руб. Условно чистый доход от реализации поросят контрольной группы составил 159325,3 руб., а в опытной группе - 168985,8 руб., что на 9660,5 руб. больше.

Studies were conducted on two groups of pigs of 140 animals each in conditions of the pig complex of JCSC Mazolovskoe from 33 to 67 days. The animals of the experimental group additionally included in the ration the feed additive “AlgaVet” based on microalgae at a dose of 1 ml / kg of live weight to increase safety and productivity. On day 67 of the experiment, the live weight of the piglets increased to 18.8 and 19.9 kg, respectively. The average increase in the control group was 294 g in the control group, 329 g in the experimental group, which is 11.9% higher. During the experiment in the control group, 11 and 5 piglets fell in the test group, while the safety was 92.1 and 96.4%, respectively. During the period of the experiment, 2141.4 kg and 2241.0 kg were fed with “AlgaVet”, where the combined feed costs per 1 kg of gain for experience in the control group were 1.66 kg, in the experimental group - 1.50 kg, which is 10.7 % lower. The profit from the sale of piglets, taking into account their body weight, in the control variant was 194016 rub, in the experiment - 214920 rub. Conditionally net income from the sale of piglets of the control group amounted to 159325.3 rub, and in the experimental group - 168985.8 rub, which is by 9660.5 rub more.
ИМПОРТ ПЛЕМЕННОГО КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТА В РОССИИ
Authors: И.М. Дунин , С.Е. Тяпугин , Н.В. Семенова , М.Е. Щеглов , Е.Е. Тяпугин
Published: December 2024

В статье представлен информационный материал племенного учета, регистрируемого во ВНИИплем за 2018 г., о завозе племенного крупного рогатого скота и семени быков-производителей из стран с высокоразвитым молочным скотоводством в Россию. После значительного снижения численности импортного поголовья в 2014 году, начиная с 2016 года, завоз стал увеличиваться и к 2018 году увеличился на 20%. Основными странами-экспортерами племенных животных были Канада, Германия, Дания, Нидерланды. Породный состав завезенного племенного крупного рогатого скота на территорию Российской Федерации в 2018 году представлен 12 породами. Наибольший удельный вес занимает голштинская порода (90%). Разведением данной породы занимались в 33 регионах РФ. Ввоз семени племенных быков за 2018 год составил почти 3,6 млн. спермодоз: в т. ч. 94% голштинской породы.

The article is an information material of breeding records registered by VNIIplem for 2018 on the import of breeding cattle and seed of bulls from countries with highly developed dairy cattle breeding in Russia. After a significant reduction in the number of imported livestock in 2014, starting from 2016, the import began to increase and by 2018 increased by 20%. The main exporting countries of breeding animals were Canada, Germany, Denmark and Netherlands. The pedigree structure of the brought breeding cattle to the territory of the Russian Federation in 2018 is presented by 12 breeds. The largest share is Holstein breed (90%). Breeding of this breed was engaged in 33 regions of the Russian Federation. The importation of semen of breeding bulls in 2018 amounted to almost 3.6 million dozes: including 94% of Holstein.
МОЛОЧНАЯ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ КОРОВ ЧЕРНО-ПЕСТРОЙ ПОРОДЫ РАЗНЫХ КОНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ТИПОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ ГУП «ЗОРИ КАВКАЗА» РЕСПУБЛИКИ ИНГУШЕТИЯ
Authors: Ш.Б. Хашегульгов , О.О. Гетоков , Л.У. Юсупова , М.М. Долов
Published: December 2024

В статье показано, что животные молочно-мясного типа по I и II лактации превосходили по удоям коров других типов, а с III лактации уступали молочному крепкому и молочному грубому типу. Коровы молочного грубого типа в первые три лактации практически не отличались по удоям от коров молочного крепкого типа. Животные молочного нежного типа по первым двум лактациям имели самые низкие удои, по III лактации - такие же, как у коров молочно-мясного типа. Наибольшую живую массу имели коровы молочно-мясного и молочного грубых типов, а наименьший- у коров молочного нежного типа. Наибольший выход молочного жира по всем лактациям наблюдался у коров молочно крепкого, а также молочного грубого типов. Животные молочного крепкого типа превосходили другие группы животных по индексу высоконогости и растянутости. Из 198 голов животных, молочного крепкого типа оказалось 51,0%, молочного грубого - 19,7%, молочного нежного - 16,7%, молочно-мясного - 12,6%.

In the article it is shown that animals of dairy-meat type on I and II lactation surpassed on milk yields of cows of other types, and with III lactation conceded to dairy strong and dairy rough type. Cows of milk rough type in the first three lactation practically did not differ on milk yield from cows of milk strong type. Animals of milk gentle type on the first two locations had the lowest udoi, on III lactation-same, as at cows of dairy-meat type. The greatest live weight had cows of dairy-meat and dairy rough types, and the smallest-at cows of dairy gentle type. The highest yield of milk fat in all lactations was observed in cows of milk strong and milk coarse types. Animals of milk strong type surpassed other groups of animals on the index of high-legged and sprawl. Of the 198 heads of animals, strong milk type was 51.0%, rough milk-19.7%, tender milk-16.7%, dairy-meat-12.6%.
МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ ОЦЕНКИ ПРОДОЛЖИТЕЛЬНОСТИ И ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ЖИВОТНЫХ В МОЛОЧНОМ СКОТОВОДСТВЕ
Authors: В.М. Гукежев , М.С. Габаев
Published: December 2024

Основным направлением современного развития молочного скотоводства является интенсификация отрасли, а результативным показателем - величина годового удоя на корову. За последние годы, во многих регионах страны (Мурманская, Ленинградская, Московская, Владимирская области, Краснодарский край и др.) достигнуты высокие показатели по удою. Однако, анализ экономических показателей свидетельствует о том, что даже в хозяйствах с годовым удоем 89тыс.кг и более, рентабельность производства молока не превышает 812%. Относительно низкая рентабельность производства молока является следствием высоких затрат на формирование стада изза резкого сокращения продолжительности использования коров и выхода молодняка. Необходимость установления единых критериев оценки продолжительности использования животных, который диктуется также разночтением, имеющим место в исследованиях разных авторов по данной проблематике, сводятся в основном к двум элементам: продолжительности хозяйственного использования и продуктивного использования. Совершенно понятно, что эти два понятия не синонимы и их нельзя сравнивать. Ряд авторов продолжительность использования считают от рождения до выбытия, другие от первого плодотворного осеменения, большинство от первого отела. Обращает внимание и разночтения в учете времени: отелы, лактации, лет (месяцы) и т.д. Да и понятие долголетие звучит не очень убедительно, когда в подавляющем числе высокопродуктивных стад средняя продолжительность использования животных не более двух лактаций.

The main direction of modern development of dairy cattle breeding is the intensification of the industry, and the effective indicator is the value of the annual milk yield per cow. In recent years, in many regions of the country (Murmansk, Leningrad, Moscow, Vladimir regions, Krasnodar Krai, etc.), high rates of milk yield have been achieved. However, analysis of economic indicators shows that even in farms with an annual yield of 89 thousand kg and more, the profitability of milk production does not exceed 812%. The relatively low profitability of milk production is a consequence of the high cost of forming the herd due to a sharp reduction in the duration of cow use and the release of young animals. The need to establish uniform criteria for assessing the duration of use of animals, which is also dictated by the discrepancy that occurs in the studies of various authors on this subject, boils down to two elements: the duration of economic use and productive use. It is clear that these two concepts are not synonyms and cannot be compared. A number of authors consider the duration of use from birth to retirement, others from the first fruitful insemination, the majority from the first calving. Pays attention and discrepancies in the accounting of time: calving, lactation, years (months), etc. And the concept of longevity does not sound very convincing when, in the overwhelming number of highly productive herds, the average duration of use of animals is no more than two lactations.
МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ СОСТАВ ПОЛУТУШИ БЫЧКОВ, ПОТРЕБЛЯЮЩИХ КОНСЕРВИРОВАННЫЙ СЕНАЖ
Authors: Е.В. Позднякова , Х.Х. Тагиров , И.В. Миронова , С.Г. Исламова
Published: December 2024

В статье представленные данные изменения морфологического состава полутуш бычков черно-пестрой породы, при введении в состав их рациона разных дозировок закваски «Биотроф». Опыт проводился в условиях республики Башкортостан. Для этого было сформировано 4 группы животных по 10 животных в каждой. Молодняк контрольной группы получал неконсервированный сенаж, а опытных (I, II и III) групп - сенаж из люцерны, заготовленный с применением закваски «Биотроф» в дозе рабочего раствора 2, 4 и 6 л на 1 т закладываемой массы. Установлено, что у бычков опытных групп содержание мякоти было выше, чем у контрольных сверстников на 3,0-6,4 кг (2,91-6,21%), в том числе мышечной массы - 2,5-5,1 кг (2,69-5,49%); жировой - на 0,4-1,2 кг (3,92-11,76%). У молодняка опытных групп отмечается снижение относительного выхода костей на 0,33-0,73% (Р<0,05). Установлено, что выход мякоти был выше у сверстников опытных групп на 5,9-12,6 кг (2,86-6,11%; Р<0,05); выход мякоти на 1 кг костей - на 0,08-0,19 кг (2,08-4,95%; Р<0,05); выход мякоти на 100 кг живой массы - на 0,64-1,36 кг (1,52-3,23%); соотношение съедобной и несъедобной частей туши - на 0,07-0,18 (2,17-5,57%). Следовательно, скармливание бычкам черно-пестрой породы консервированного люцернового сенажа способствует улучшению морфологического состава и индекса мясности туши. Наилучший эффект проявился при использовании закваски «Биотроф» в концентрации рабочего раствора4 л на 1 т закладываемой массы.

The article presents the data changes in the morphological composition of half-carcasses of black-and-white breed bulls, with the introduction of their diet of different dosages of leaven «Biotrof». The experience was conducted in the Republic of Bashkortostan. For this purpose, 4 groups of animals were formed, 10 animals each. Young growth of the control group received unconserved haylage, and experimental (I, 11 and III) groups - haylage from alfalfa, prepared with the use of the ferment «Biotrof» in a dose of the working solution of 2, 4 and 6 liters per 1 ton of the laid mass. It was found that the content of the flesh was higher in the bulls of the experimental groups than in the control peers by 3,0-6,4 kg (2,91-6,21%), including muscle mass - 2,5-5,1 kg (2,69- 5,49%); fat - 0,4-1,2 kg (3,92-11,76%). In young experimental groups there is a decrease in the relative bone yield by 0,33-0,73% (P<0,05). It was found that the pulp yield was higher among peers of the experimental groups by 5,9-12,6 kg (2,86-6,11%; P<0,05); pulp yield per 1 kg of bone - by 0,08-0,19 kg (2,08-4,95%; P<0,05); pulp yield per 100 kg of live weight - by 0,64-1,36 kg (1,52-3,23%); the ratio of edible and inedible parts of carcasses - on 0,07-0,18 (2,17-5,57%). Consequently, the feeding of bull-calves of black-motley breed canned alfalfa silage improves the morphological composition and index of mesnosti mascara. The best effect was manifested when using the ferment «Biotrof» in the concentration of the working solution of 4 1 per 1 t of the deposited mass.
ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНАЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ МВА ИМЕНИ К.И. СКРЯБИНА
Authors: И.И. Кочиш
Published: December 2024

В статье показана образовательная деятельность Московской ветеринарной академии имени К.И. Скрябина по 6 укрупненным группам профессий высшего и среднего профессионального образования, затронуты вопросы внедрения активных форм и методов обучения, модульных технологий изучения дисциплин, балльно-рейтинговой и тестовой систем контроля знаний студентов.