bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimación del carbono almacenado en la biomasa aérea de un bosque húmedo tropical en Paimadó, Chocó
Authors: Paipa Rios Nathaly Aseneth , Triana Gómez Max Alejandro
Published: February 2018

En Paimadó cabecera municipal de Río Quito (Chocó) se estimó el carbono contenido en la biomasa aérea de un bosque perteneciente al zonobioma húmedo tropical. Para el cálculo de la biomasa se utilizaron trece modelos alométricos reportados como los que mejor se ajustan al ecosistema según literatura especializada, estos fueron aplicados a las diez especies con mayor peso ecológico dentro del bosque, ya que representan cerca del 60% de la biomasa total de las especies encontradas. El inventario forestal consistió en un muestreo bietápico en bloques y fajas en 250 parcelas circulares de 0.05 ha seleccionadas al azar, se midieron las variables dasométricas de altura total y diámetro a la altura del pecho, y para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el programa computacional de licencia libre R Project. El carbono almacenado se determinó con base en la fracción propuesta por el IPCC y corresponde al 50% de la biomasa total. Los resultados determinaron que el bosque húmedo tropical en Paimadó contiene un promedio de 78.49 t de biomasa y 39.24 t de carbono por cada 0.05 ha.
Seguridad metropolitana mediante el uso coordinado de Drones
Authors: Márquez Díaz Jairo Eduardo
Published: February 2018

En el presente artículo se expone el estudio de factibilidad acerca de la tecnología existente en drones y tecnologías conexas, con miras a establecer su potencial aplicación en una vasta red interconectada inteligente, trabajando al unísono en un entorno metropolitano, con miras a actuar como sistema de ayuda a las fuerzas del orden y de rescate en sus labores, por medio del escaneo, monitoreo y seguimiento de eventos in situ que afectan la seguridad y el orden público. Para ello, se realiza una exposición acerca de la integración de tecnologías emergentes estándar y avanzadas disponibles en el mercado, que son un factor fundamental para el desarrollo del proyecto, el cual tiene símiles en algunos contextos a nivel mundial, donde tecnologías tales como la robótica, la computación móvil, la sensórica, el internet de las cosas, la inteligencia artificial y los sistemas de comunicación, entre otros, van aportar lo suyo en este tipo de propuesta.
Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species by Photosensitizers and their Modes of Action on Proteins
Authors: Bilkis Itzhak , Silman Israel , Weiner Lev
Published: February 2018

In this review, we first survey the mechanisms underlying the chemical modification of amino acid residues in proteins by singlet oxygen elicited by photosensitizers. Singlet oxygen has the capacity to cause widespread chemical damage to cellular proteins. Its use in photodynamic therapy of tumors thus requires the development of methodologies for specific addressing of the photosensitizer to malignant cells while sparing normal tissue. We describe three targeting paradigms for achieving this objective. The first involves the use of a photosensitizer with a high affinity for its target protein; in this case, the photosensitizer is methylene blue for acetylcholinesterase. The second paradigm involves the use of the hydrophobic photosensitizer hypericin, which has the capacity to interact selectively with partially unfolded forms of proteins, including nascent species in rapidly dividing or virus-infected and cancer cells, acting preferentially at membrane interfaces. In this case, partially unfolded molten globule species of acetylcholinesterase serve as the model system. In the third paradigm, the photodynamic approach takes advantage of a general approach in ‘state-of-the-art’ chemotherapy, by coupling the photosensitizer emodin to a specific peptide hormone, GnRH, which recognizes malignant cells via specific GnRH receptors on their surface.
Synthesis of Phosphonates via Michaelis-Arbuzov Reaction
Authors: Babu Boppudi Hari , Prasad Gandavaram Syam , Raju Chamarthi Naga , Basaveswara Rao Mandava Venkata
Published: February 2018

Background: Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction has played a key role for the synthesis of dialkyl or diaryl
phosphonates by reacting various alkyl or aryl halides with trialkyl or triaryl phosphite. This reaction is very
versatile in the formation of P-C bond from the reaction of aliphatic halides with phosphinites or phosphites to
yield phosphonates, phosphinates, phosphine oxides. The Arbuzov reaction developed some methodologies,
possible mechanistic pathways, selectivity, potential applications and biologically active various phosphonates.

Objective: The synthesis of phosphonates via Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction with many new and fascinating
methodologies were developed and disclosed in the literature, and these are explored in this review.

Conclusion: This review has discussed past developments and vast potential applications of Arbuzov reaction
in the synthesis of organophosphonates. As presented in this review, various synthetic methodologies were developed
to prepare a large variety of phosphonates. Improvements in the reaction conditions of Lewis-acid mediated
Arbuzov rearrangement as well as the development of MW-assisted Arbuzov rearrangement were discussed.
Finally, to achieve high selectivities and yields, fine-tuning of reaction conditions including solvent
type, temperature, and optimal reaction times to be considered.
A construct of the instrument for measuring junior high school mathematics teacher's self-efficacy
Authors: Widdiharto Rachmadi , Kartowagiran Badrun , Sugiman Sugiman
Published: February 2018

The aim of this study was to develop a construct of the instrument for junior high school mathematics teacher self-efficacy and its mapping in the Special Region of  Yogyakarta. The population was 816 junior high mathematics teacher and a sample of 274 teachers was selected through proportionate random sampling technique. The data were analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), using software Lisrel 8.80 through the first order and the second order stages. The result of data analysis toward four dimensions obtained: 11 fit items for dimension of personal efficacy (PE), 12 fit items for dimension of general teaching efficacy  (GTE), 13 fit  items for dimension of subject matter teaching efficacy (STE), and 8 fit items for dimension of outcome efficacy (OE). Afterward, the result of selecting 54 items in the first order stage was examined for the second order CFA which obtained Chi-Square = 297.58; df = 271; p-value = 0.12824; RMSEA = 0.019, which showed the model was fit to the data and obtained 25 fit items.  The loading factors for each dimension PE, GTE, STE, and OE consecutively were: 0.46; 0.84; 0.89, and 0.92, and mapping of mathematics teacher self-efficacy level, which showed: 43.07% in low category, 55.47% in medium category (55.47%) and 1.46% in the high category.
Success Factors of Business Models for the Internet Platform Enterprises
Authors: Cai Wangang , Zheng Jiang-guo
Published: February 2018

Based on the exiting research of business models, this paper further taps out five core success factors (Value Proposition, Core resources and capabilities, Key activities, Pricing and service, Profit model) and the corresponding secondary indicators of business models for the Internet platform enterprises to create a win-win and mutually beneficial Internet ecosystem.
EFFECT OF COMMON CARP AND AFRICAN CATFISH OILS ON RATS FED ON HIGH-FAT DIET
Authors: Abozid Medhat Mostafa , Zein Hossam , El-halem Amer Abd
Published: February 2018

Objective: The present study was designed to study the effect of common carp and African catfish oils on the lipid profiles and liver functions in rats fed on high-fat diets, also fatty acids were assessed in both oils by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC).Methods: A biological experiment on rats was designed to raise fat in the diet and to study the effect of treatment with common carp and African catfish oils for 6 w (by the stomach tube) and then evaluate their impact on blood lipid profile and liver functions (Alanine transaminase [ALT], aspartate transaminase [AST] total protein and albumin).Results: GLC analysis of fatty acids (FAs) revealed the presence of oleic, palmitic, palmitolic, and linoleic acids more than 70% from total fatty acids in two oils. High-fat diet resulted in a significant increase in plasma lipid profile as well as liver functions. The treatment of rats fed high fat diets with common carp and African catfish oils resulted in a significant decrease in levels of triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), low-denisty lipioprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), total cholesterol (TC)/high-denisty lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and TGs/HDL-c ratios compared with positive control group, while the same treatment with these oils resulted in a significant increase in HDL-c levels compared with positive control group. The intake of common carp and African catfish oils also significantly reduced ALT and AST activities compared with positive control group. Common carp and African catfish oils showed an anti-hyperlipidemic effect in rats feeding on hypercholesterolemic diets.Conclusion: It could be concluded that these fish oils have a promising role in reducing the harmful effects of high-fat diets.
Social sustainability in the ready-made-garment sector in Bangladesh: an institutional approach to supply chains
Authors: Carlson Laura A. , Bitsch Vera
Published: February 2018

Ready-made-garment (RMG) production for sale in the EU and USA is a key source of economic development for Bangladesh. The 2013 collapse of Rana Plaza revealed worker safety and other social issues in RMG factories in Bangladesh, showing that formal, top-down approaches to these problems, including corporate codes-of-conduct and reforms in Bangladeshi labor laws, have little effect. Supply chain sustainability is a key issue for business, government and civil society. Satisfactory theoretical approaches to promoting social sustainability in supply chains are lacking. A case study using qualitative document analysis identifies the key institutional factors related to social sustainability in the Bangladeshi RMG industry, with a modified version of the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework as an analytical frame. Key elements of other frameworks for social sustainability are discussed in terms of how well the IAD framework captures those concepts, and how employing the IAD could enhance supply chain analysis.
Mast cell tumor within a lipoma in a white toy poodle
Authors: Vucicevic Ivana , Marinkovic Darko , Kukolj Vladimir , Nesic Sladjan , Anicic Milan , Aleksic-Kovacevic Sanja
Published: February 2018

nema
Motivational Teaching Strategies in Indonesian EFL Writing Classrooms
Authors: Mali Yustinus Calvin Gai
Published: February 2018

This qualitative study explores motivational teaching strategies employed in English as a foreign language (EFL) writing classrooms and designs a sample of lesson plans elaborating the strategies that were reflected from open-ended questionnaires of sixty-five first-year students at English Language Education Program in a private university in Indonesia. The data analysis reveals possible motivational strategies that are classified into Dornyei’s (2001) framework of motivational teaching practice. Based on the analysis, the study reinforces a view that teachers can motivate their students to learn and they use particular teaching strategies to motivate their students. Eventually, this study hopes to provide insights for EFL teachers espousing similar teaching practices, so they can enhance their students’ motivation, particularly in their EFL writing classrooms.
REKAM MEDIS ODONTOGRAM SEBAGAI ALAT IDENTIFIKASI DAN KEPENTINGAN PEMBUKTIAN DI PENGADILAN
Authors: Trisnowahyuni . , Rahim Agus Hadian , Doloksaribu Eddie Imanuel
Published: February 2018

Identifikasi melalui rekam medis odontogram bertujuan untuk memenuhi persyaratan sebagai tenaga professional dokter, dokter gigi ataupun tenaga kesehatan lainnya di dalam pembuatan rekam medis. Pelaksanaannya harus sesuai dengan peraturan yang telah ditetapkan, selain banyak manfaatnya rekam medis ini dapat dipakai sebagai alat bukti di pengadilan. Saat ini belum semua dokter gigi maupun perawat gigi di Indonesia melakukan pencatatan rekam medis odontogram secara benar. Masih belum adanya keseragaman dalam tata cara penulisan maupun pengistilahan yang digunakan dalam pencatatan rekam medis odontogram sehingga menimbulkan kesalahpahaman saat rekam medis tersebut dimanfaatkan dalam suatu proses hukum. Standar Operasi Prosedur mengenai rekam medis odontogram perlu diterapkan dan dilaksanakan pada setiap pelayanan kesehatan baik instansi pemerintah, swasta maupun pratik perseorangan dengan standar Nasional maupun Internasional secara manual, digital maupun secara elektronik.
URGENSI PEMBENTUKAN KOMITE ETIK DAN HUKUM RUMAH SAKIT DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA MEDIK SECARA NON LITIGASI
Authors: Indarwati Hardini , Widyarto JS Djoko , Suroto Valentinus
Published: February 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui upaya/cara penyelesaian sengketa medis di RSUD Jombang, dan urgensi dibentuknya Komite Etik dan Hukum Rumah Sakit dalam rangka penyelesaian sengketa medis secara non litigasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis sosiologis. Aspek sosiologis terutama digunakan dalam menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mendorong perlu segera dibentuknya Komite Etik dan Hukum di Rumah Sakit. Penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif analitis ini dilakukan di RSUD Jombang, dengan menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dengan para narasumber yang terkait dengan menggunakan kuisioner sebagai alat pengumpulan datanya. Selanjutnya, data sekunder dikumpulkan dengan metode studi kepustakaan/studi dokumen. Dokumen yang diteliti adalah dokumen rekam medis dari enam pasien yang terlibat dalam sengketa medis yang diteliti. Data yang telah terkumpul dianalisis secara kualitatif.Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa upaya penyelesaian sengketa medis yang dilakukan di RSUD Jombang selama tahun 2008 sampai dengan awal tahun 2011 masih belum melembaga. Dikatakan demikian, sebab penyelesaian sengketa dilakukan secara segmental, tergantung bagian staf medis fungsional mana yang terlibat sengketa, diselesaikan oleh Bagian Humas RSUD Jombang, ada juga sengketa medis yang diselesaikan dengan membentuk Panitia Kecil secara ad hoc, bahkan ada yang diselesaikan langsung oleh Direktur RSUD Jombang, dan ada pula yang diselesaikan oleh dokter yang bersangkutan atas inisiastif sendiri. Model penyelesaian sengketa yang tidak melembaga dan tidak terstruktur sebagaimana terjadi di RSUD Jombang selama tahun 2008 sampai dengan awal tahun 2011, meskipun dari enam sengketa medis yang terjadi tidak ada satupun yang harus diselesaikan melalui jalur litigasi (pengadilan), namun demikian mengandung kelemahan-kelemahan, antara lain penyelesaiannya merugikan pihak ketiga yang berkepentingan karena dalam proses penyelesaiannya tidak secara penuh melibatkan pihak ketiga tersebut, penyelesaiannya dilakukan oleh organ Rumah Sakit yang kurang memahami hukum kesehatan sehingga persoalannya menjadi semakin rumit. Oleh karena itu pada rumah sakit perlu segera dibentuk komite yang bersifat tetap/melembaga yang bertugas menangani penyelesaian sengketa medis, yaitu dengan membentuk Komite Etik dan Hukum. Pembentukan Komite Etik dan Hukum tersebut sekaligus untuk melaksanakan ketentuan Pasal 19 ayat (2) Permenkes RI No 1045/MENKES/PER/XI/2006 tentang Pedoman Organisasi Rumah Sakit di Lingkungan Departemen Kesehatan.
PERAN BALAI POM JAMBI DALAM PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP PRODUK MAKANAN YANG MENGANDUNG BAHAN BERBAHAYA YANG DAPAT BERAKIBATKAN BAGI KESEHATAN
Authors: ST.Fatimah A.Triwildan , Sarwo Y. Budi , Yunita S Natasya
Published: February 2018

Penyalahgunaan bahan kimia Formalin, Boraks dan Rhodamin B dalam produk pangan terbukti berdampak buruk bagi kesehatan manusia, Karenanya dikeluarkan suatu peraturan perundang-undangan yaitu Undang-undang No. 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Hal ini selaras dengan Undang -undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2012 tentang Pangan yang menyebutkan bahwa pangan tidak hanya dituntut untuk memberikan pasokan produk pangan dalam jumlah dan gizi yang cukup,tetapi juga aman,Permasalahan yang akan dibahas adalah pertama, pengaturan Bahan Tambahan Pangan (BTP), khususnya mengenai standar ukuran penggunaan formalin, boraks dan rodhamin B serta sanksi terhadap pelanggaran penggunaan BTP, Kedua, peran BPOM Jambi dalam pengawasan terhadap produk makanan yang beredar di masyarakat. Penulis menggunakan Metode penelitian pendekatan yuridis normatif, yaitu suatu cara meneliti dalam penelitian hukum yang dilakukan terhadap bahan pustaka atau data sekunder. Penarikan kesimpulan dilakukan melalui metoda berpikir deduktif, yaitu cara berpikir yang berangkat dari sesuatu yang sifatnya umum yang sudah dibuktikan bahwa dia benar dan kesimpulan itu ditujukan untuk sesuatu yang sifatnya khususAkhirnya diperoleh kesimpulan antara lain pertama, Peraturan tentang BTM ada pada Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No. 772/MENKES/PER/IX/88 tentang Bahan Tambahan Makanan secara tegas menyatakan formalin dan boraks bukan merupakan bahan tambahan makanan dan dilarang digunakan dalam makanan. Sedangkan Rhodamin B termasuk dalam salah satu zat warna yang dilarang dalam Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Rl No.235/Menkes/Per/VI/79 tentang Zat Warna yang Dilarang Digunakan. Kedua, Balai Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM) memiliki fungsi pengawasan terhadap produk pangan, fungsi pengawasan ini dilakukan berdasarkan Sistem Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan (SISPOM) 3 Lapis, atau sistem pengawasan full spectrum mulai dari pre-market hingga post-market control.Kata Kunci : Perlindungan Konsumen, bahan berbahaya
«Teatro del Siglo de Oro: ¿historia o poesía?», de Rafael González Cañal (dir.) y Mar Zubieta (ed.)
Authors: Sánchez Jiménez Raquel
Published: February 2018

Reseña del libro Teatro del Siglo de Oro: ¿historia o poesía?, de Rafael González Cañal (dir.) y Mar Zubieta (ed.)
Post-Traumatic Pancreatic Pseudocyst formation in a child: a case report
Authors: Sharma Shashi , Sharma Bharat , Aziz Mir , Rana Priyanka , Bhardwaj Naveen
Published: February 2018

Background: Pancreatic pseudocyst formation following blunt abdominal trauma is lesser known entity in pediatric age group as compared to.pancreatitis. The pickup rate of various post traumatic hidden pathologies is now possible because of modern diagnostic armamentarium. Case summary:.We present a 3-years old girl who reported with blunt abdominal trauma and developed pancreatitis She subsequently developed pseudocyst in the follow up period of management. Modern diagnostic tools like Ultrasonography (USG), Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) helped in clinching the diagnosis.Conclusion:Blunt abdominal trauma in children should be taken seriously in diagnostic as well management point of view. We can manage the case as per the complications with the help of various diagnostic modalities as was in our present case.
Humanismo en la práctica de médicos cooperantes cubanos en Brasil: narrativas de equipos de atención básica
Authors: Comes Yamila , Pamela Díaz-Bermúdez Ximena , Luiz Pereira Lucélia , Proenço de Oliveira Felipe , Caballero González José Emilio , Eri Shimizu Helena , Pacheco Santos Leonor Maria
Published: February 2018

Objetivo.Mostrar las narrativas de miembros brasileños de los equipos de salud de la familia acerca del humanismo percibido en la práctica de los cooperantes cubanos del programa Mais Médicos.

Métodos.Estudio de caso descriptivo de corte transversal. Se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada a miembros brasileños de los equipos de salud de la familia que trabajaran desde el inicio del programa con médicos cubanos en municipios seleccionados inscritos en el programaMais Médicos, con 20% o más de su población en extrema pobreza, y menos de cinco médicos o una tasa de 0,5 médicos por 1 000 habitantes antes del programa. Se procesaron los datos mediante la técnica de análisis de contenido.

Resultados.Se entrevistaron 30 licenciados y 28 técnicos en enfermería, 1 técnico administrativo y 19 agentes sanitarios. Los entrevistados valoraron positivamente el trabajo de los médicos cooperantes cubanos y resaltaron su responsabilidad, ética y humanismo, así como la elevada calidad de las consultas médicas y sus buenas relaciones con los pares de la atención básica.

Conclusiones.Se constataron diferencias en los patrones de atención de los médicos cooperantes cubanos del programaMais Médicoscon respecto a los médicos que ejercieron en las comunidades estudiadas antes de la implantación de ese programa. Entre los rasgos diferenciales de los médicos cubanos resaltados más frecuentemente figuran el compromiso con la población —tanto en la consulta médica como en la solución de sus problemas—, la empatía, el respeto y, en general, el humanismo con el que tratan a los pacientes.
Morkaraman-İvesi ve Tuj Irkı Koyunlarda Gebelik Testlerinin Roc Analizi ile Karşılaştırılması
Authors: YAĞANOĞLU Aycan Mutlu , TOPAL Mehmet
Published: February 2018

Bu çalışmanın amacı, koyunlarda suni tohumlama programı dahilinde gebelik teşhis yöntemi olarak kullanılan 18. günde yapılan Ultrason ve Progesteron testlerinin ve 90. Günde uygulanan Abdominal Ultrason testlerinin saha koşullarında uygulanabilirliği ve doğruluk oranlarının karşılaştırılmasıdır. Çalışmada 61 baş 2-5 yaş arası Morkaraman-İvesi ve Tuj ırkı koyunlar materyal olarak kullanıldı. Suni tohumlama programına alınan 61 baş koyunun kuzulama sonucunda 21’inin (%34,4) gebe, 40’ının (%65,6) gebe olmadığı tespit edildi. 3 farklı tanı testine ait verilere Ki-Kare analizi uygulandı ve gerçek tanı sonucu ile aralarındaki uyumun önemli olduğu (p<0.01) tespit edildi. Roc analizinde en iyi sonucu eğri altında kalan alan göz önünde bulundurulduğunda 1,00’la gebeliğin 90. günüde yapılan Abdominal Ultrason testi vermiştir. 18. günde yapılan gebelik testi ve Progesteron testi sonucunda eğri altında kalan alanlar sırasıyla 0,875 ve 0,805 olarak bulunmuştur. Uygulanan tüm analizler sonucunda en iyi sonucu veren 90. günde yapılan Abdominal Ultrason testi olmasına rağmen, 18. günde yapılan ultrasona dayalı gebelik testinin gebeliğin erken teşhisi ve saha koşullarında daha pratik bir şekilde uygulanabileceği kanısına varılmıştır.
Impactos por cambio de uso de suelo en las áreas naturales protegidas de la región central de la Sierra Madre Oriental, México
Authors: Sahagún-Sánchez Francisco Javier , Reyes-Hernández Humberto
Published: February 2018

Los cambios en el uso de suelo y la cubierta vegetal, derivados de la expansión y extensión de actividades antrópicas, generan impactos negativos en la biodiversidad y la provisión de servicios ecosistémicos, y contribuyen significativamente en los procesos de cambio climático a nivel regional. Las Áreas Naturales Protegidas (ANP) representan un instrumento de política pública para hacer frente a las tendencias de cambio y transformación de los ecosistemas, además de permitir la conservación de los recursos. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el impacto potencial del cambio en el uso de suelo y la cobertura vegetal de las ANP de la región central de la Sierra Madre Oriental (SMO), en México, a través del análisis espacial y la simulación de escenarios de cambio potencial. Se usaron imágenes satelitales para elaborar mapas de cambio en coberturas vegetales, entre los años 1989, 2000 y 2005, y con base en un conjunto de variables biofísicas y socioeconómicas, se simuló un escenario de cambio al 2025. Se determinó que la tasa de cambio de las cubiertas vegetales de la SMO en el periodo estudiado fue de 0.54 % en selvas, 0.22 % en bosques y 0.23 % en matorrales; y en las ANP fue de 0.34 % y 0.60 % para selvas y bosques, respectivamente. En este lapso se perdieron 1 578.26 ha de selvas, bosques y matorrales, al interior de las ANP. De mantenerse las tendencias actuales de cambio en el uso de la tierra, otras 4 542.17 ha estarán en riesgo de perderse en un futuro cercano. Los resultados indican que las ANP estudiadas están sometidas a presiones de cambio en el uso de la tierra, que amenazan la conservación del patrimonio natural que resguardan, por lo que deberían rediseñarse las estrategias de manejo y monitoreo a corto y mediano plazo.
Propiedades y posibles aplicaciones de las proteínas de salvado de trigo
Authors: Chaquilla-Quilca Guadalupe , Balandrán Quintana René Renato , Mendoza-Wilson Ana María , Mercado-Ruiz Jorge Nemesio
Published: February 2018

El salvado de trigo se destina principalmente al consumo animal, por lo que algunos de sus componentes son subutilizados, representando oportunidades de valor agregado. Constituye las capas externas del grano y contiene hasta 18 % en peso de proteínas con mejor calidad que las de la harina. Estas proteínas no son aprovechadas debido a que la mayoría están protegidas por una matriz de polisacáridos, indigerible para el sistema gastrointestinal humano, por lo que es necesaria su extracción. Tradicionalmente, las proteínas de salvado han sido recuperadas mediante extracción alcalina y se han propuesto como ingredientes para la elaboración de productos alimenticios. Sin embargo, su uso es casi inexistente, debido a que los procesos de extracción son agresivos y no redituables. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir las propiedades de las proteínas del salvado de trigo, así como sus usos potenciales. Entre sus propiedades destacan la digestibilidad, el per l de aminoácidos y la capacidad de absorción de grasa. La fracción soluble en agua de estas proteínas, por su fácil extracción, podría tener valor agregado al utilizarse en tecnologías emergentes: como fuente de péptidos bioactivos, en la producción de nanopartículas con aplicaciones industriales o como matrices para procesos de biomineralización artificial.
Transición y Política Pública: el caso de México
Authors: Sáez de Nanclares Mauricio
Published: February 2018

Más allá de las trivialidades que rodean el tema de las transicionespolíticas, especialmente en el caso mexicano, resalta el hecho de que éstas hayan sido pensadas en un estilo intelectual al que me gustaría llamar“macropolitológico», con dosis significativas de reflexión, buenos deseosy algunas obviedades. Este artículo se sustenta en la convicción de que elenfoque de política pública puede arrojar luz sobre el tópico de la transición política y que puede inducir una reflexión interesante y creativa para el caso mexicano.Ofreceré una delimitación conceptual de la transición política y, especialmente, una caracterización de la lógica observada por los imperativos que inevitablemente la transición instaura en un proceso de cambio histórico-social. Después, daré algunas indicaciones sobre todos aquellos componentes que cobran presencia en un proceso genuino de transición política, y que no necesariamente se revela por medio de actores en el proceso; me referiré a un atributo macro: la memoria sistémica. Ella colocará mayores restricciones a un eventual proceso de transición en la medida que menos sea conocida y explícitamente colocada como parte de lo que habrá de someter a transformación.
La agricultura campesina e indígena como una transición hacia el bien común de la humanidad: el caso de Ecuador
Authors: Houtart François , Alonso Jorge
Published: February 2018

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Gıdalarda Bulunan Biyojen Aminlerin İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: ŞAHİN ERCAN Songül , Soysal Çiğdem , BOZKURT Hüseyin
Published: February 2018

Biyojen aminler amino asitlerin dekarboksilasyonuyla oluşan bileşiklerdir. Histamin, kadaverin, putresin, tiramin, triptamin,
serotonin, spermin ve spermidin amino asit dekarboksilasyon reaksiyonuyla
oluşan ürünlerdir. İşlenmemiş gıdalar (meyve ve sebzeler) düşük konsantrasyonda
biyojen amin içerirler. Ancak, proteince zengin işlenmiş gıdalar (et ve et
ürünleri, balık ve balık ürünleri, peynir, şarap) önemli miktarda biyojen amin
içerebilirler. Biyojen aminler iki sebepten dolayı önemlidirler. Bunlar: (1)
alerjik ve kanserojenik etkiye sahip olmaları, (2) gıdalarda kalite indikatörü
olarak kullanılmalarıdır. Halk sağlığı perspektifinden dolayı, biyojen
aminlerin konsantrasyonlarını ve oluşumlarını azaltma yollarını belirlemek
önemlidir. Türkiye’de gıdalarda (balık dışında) biyojen aminler hakkında
belirlenmiş yasal limitler bulunmamaktadır. Biyojen aminlerin insan sağlığı
üzerine olumsuz etkilerini ortadan kaldırmak ve/veya azaltmak için yasal
düzenlemeler yapılmalıdır. Bu derlemenin amacı, gıdalardaki biyojen aminleri ve insan sağlığı üzerine etkilerini açıklamaktır.
Potensi Interaksi Obat Pada Pasien Terdiagnosa Pneumonia Di Rumah Sakit Paru Respira Yogyakarta
Authors: Erviana Rima
Published: February 2018

Pneumonia merupakan penyakit infeksi dan inflamasi pada saluran pernafasan bagian bawah yang banyak menyebabkan kematian pada pasien. Insidensi kematian yang terjadi di Indonesia karena kasus pneumonia kurang lebih mencapai 22.000 jiwa. Pneumonia disebabkan oleh adanya bakteri dan virus yang menyerang saluran pernafasan. Pemberian terapi pada pasien pneumonia yang merupakan kombinasi beberapa obat berpotensi menimbulkkan terjadinya masalah pada pengobatan khususnya interaksi obat. Penelitian ini melihat potensi interaksi obat yang terjadi pada terapi pneumonia. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian non eksperimental, menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis dan pengambilan data secara retrospektif. Data yang diambil adalah data sekunder, yaitu rekam medis pasien terdiagnosa pneumonia yang menjalani rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Paru Respira Yogyakarta. Analisis data dilakukan dengan melihat besarnya potensi interaksi obat secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa potensi interaksi antara obat yang digunakan dalam terapi terjadi pada 49,30% pasien. Dari 79 potensi interaksi antar obat yang terjadi, 16,48% merupakan kategori interaksi mayor, 22,78% kategori interaksi moderat, dan 60,76% kategori interaksi minor.
Determination of Dog Gelatins Based on Amino Acid Profils and Chemometrics
Authors: Rahayu Wiranti Sri , Rohman Abdul , Martono Sudibyo
Published: February 2018

Gelatin is a protein obtained by bolling skin, tendons, ligament, and bones with water. Gelatin is widely use in some food products and pharmaceutical industry. Some religions like Islam prohibited their followers to consume any food products containing pig and dog derivates, incluiding gelatin. The detection of some forbidden content in food product has been an important subect of stuydy in many countries. The current study was aimed to differentiate of dog gelatin from goat, bovine and porcine based on their amino acid profiles combined with chemometric of principal component analysis (PCA). Separation and determination of amino acid using liquid chromatography mass spechtroscopy. The results show that the fifth most amino acid content in dog gelatin were glutamic acid, glicine, alanine, arginine and methionin  .Parameters of peak heihgt percentage of each amino acids from each samples were analyzed by PCA. Based on PC1 and PC2, gelatin from dog, goat, bovine and porcine could be distinguished.
PENGARUH PERSEPSI GURU SMP TERHADAP MINAT MEMANFAATKAN INTERNET SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR
Authors: Sri Harjanto Elistya Rimawati,
Published: February 2018

This study is aimed at measuring the teachers’ interest in using internet as the source of study  related with the variables perception of information technology, easiness, and risk.  The measurement of the variables’ influence is conducted to find out the teachers’ readiness in using internet in their teaching. The samples of the study are the teachers of  either public or private junior high schools in Surakarta residence. The data used in this study is the primary data gained by distributing questionaires randomly. The result of the analysis is that the technology perception positively influences the teachers’ interest in using internet as the source of study as much as 0.441 while the easiness perception  does the same thing as much as 0.465. On the other hand, the risk perception contributes negative influence of 0.117.  The junior high school teachers’ decision to use internet as the source of study is 51.3% influenced by the preception of information technology, the easiness perception, and the risk perception while 48.7% is influenced by other factors excluded in this study. The results of this study can be used as a basis for policy making resource development of teachers.Keywords: information technology, easiness, rick, interest
Interrelationship between the Levels of C9orf72 and Amyloid-β Protein Precursor and Amyloid-β in Human Cells and Brain Samples
Authors: Leskelä Stina , Takalo Mari , Marttinen Mikael , Huber Nadine , Paananen Jussi , Mitra Vikram , Rauramaa Tuomas , Mäkinen Petra , Leinonen Ville , Soininen Hilkka , Pike Ian , Remes Anne M. , Hiltunen Mikko , Haapasalo Annakaisa
Published: February 2018

A subset of C9orf72 repeat expansion-carrying frontotemporal dementia patients display an Alzheimer-like decrease in cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β (Aβ) biomarker levels. We report that downregulation of C9orf72 in non-neuronal human cells overexpressing amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) resulted in increased levels of secreted AβPP fragments and Aβ, while levels of AβPP or its C-terminal fragments (CTFs) remained unchanged. In neuronal cells, AβPP and C83 CTF levels were decreased upon C9orf72 knockdown, but those of secreted AβPP fragments or Aβ remained unchanged. C9orf72 protein levels significantly increased in human brain with advancing neurofibrillary pathology and positively correlated with brain Aβ42 levels. Our data suggest that altered C9orf72 levels may lead to cell-type specific alterations in AβPP processing, but warrant further studies to clarify the underlying mechanisms.
Stabilized Low-n Amyloid-β Oligomers Induce Robust Novel Object Recognition Deficits Associated with Inflammatory, Synaptic, and GABAergic Dysfunction in the Rat
Authors: Watremez William , Jackson Joshua , Almari Bushra , McLean Samantha L. , Grayson Ben , Neill Joanna C. , Fischer Nicolas , Allouche Ahmad , Koziel Violette , Pillot Thierry , Harte Michael K.
Published: February 2018

Background:

With current treatments for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) only providing temporary symptomatic benefits, disease modifying drugs are urgently required. This approach relies on improved understanding of the early pathophysiology of AD. A new hypothesis has emerged, in which early memory loss is considered a synapse failure caused by soluble amyloid-β oligomers (Aβo). These small soluble Aβo, which precede the formation of larger fibrillar assemblies, may be the main cause of early AD pathologies.

Objective:

The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of acute administration of stabilized low-n amyloid-β1-42 oligomers (Aβo1-42) on cognitive, inflammatory, synaptic, and neuronal markers in the rat.

Methods:

Female and male Lister Hooded rats received acute intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of either vehicle or 5 nmol of Aβo1-42 (10 μL). Cognition was assessed in the novel object recognition (NOR) paradigm at different time points. Levels of inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), synaptic (PSD-95, SNAP-25), and neuronal (n-acetylaspartate, parvalbumin-positive cells) markers were investigated in different brain regions (prefrontal and frontal cortex, striatum, dorsal and ventral hippocampus).

Results:

Acute ICV administration of Aβo1-42 induced robust and enduring NOR deficits. These deficits were reversed by acute administration of donepezil and rolipram but not risperidone. Postmortem analysis revealed an increase in inflammatory markers, a decrease in synaptic markers and parvalbumin containing interneurons in the frontal cortex, with no evidence of widespread neuronal loss.

Conclusion:

Taken together the results suggest that acute administration of soluble low-n Aβo may be a useful model to study the early mechanisms involved in AD and provide us with a platform for testing novel therapeutic approaches that target the early underlying synaptic pathology.
Hypoxia-Induced Signaling Activation in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Targets for New Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Jha Niraj Kumar , Jha Saurabh Kumar , Sharma Renu , Kumar Dhiraj , Ambasta Rashmi K. , Kumar Pravir
Published: February 2018

For the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and energy metabolism, an uninterrupted supply of oxygen (O2) is routinely required in the brain. However, under the impaired level of O2 (hypoxia) or reduced blood flow (ischemia), the tissues are not sufficiently oxygenated, which triggers disruption of cellular homeostasis in the brain. Hypoxia is known to have a notable effect on controlling the expression of proteins involved in a broad range of biological processes varying from energy metabolism, erythropoiesis, angiogenesis, neurogenesis to mitochondrial trafficking and autophagy, thus facilitating neuronal cells to endure in deprived O2. On the contrary, hypoxia to the brain is a major source of morbidity and mortality in humans culminating in cognitive impairment, gradual muscle weakness, loss of motor activity, speech deficit, and paralysis as well as other pathological consequences. Further, hypoxia resulting in reduced O2 deliveries to brain tissues is supposed to cause neurodegeneration in both in vivo and in vitro models. Similarly, chronic exposure to hypoxia has also been reportedly involved in defective vessel formation. Such vascular abnormalities lead to altered blood flow, reduced nutrient delivery, and entry of otherwise restricted infiltrates, thereby limiting O2 availability to the brain and causing neurological disabilities. Moreover, the precise mechanistic role played by hypoxia in mediating key processes of the brain and alternatively, in triggering pathological signals associated with neurodegeneration remains mysterious. Therefore, this review elucidates the intricate role played by hypoxia in modulating crucial processes of the brain and their severity in neuronal damage. Additionally, the involvement of numerous pharmacological approaches to compensate hypoxia-induced neuronal damage has also been addressed, which may be considered as a potential therapeutic approach in hypoxia-mediated neurodegeneration.
Early and Selective Activation and Subsequent Alterations to the Unfolded Protein Response in Down Syndrome Mouse Models
Authors: Lanzillotta Chiara , Tramutola Antonella , Meier Shelby , Schmitt Frederick , Barone Eugenio , Perluigi Marzia , Di Domenico Fabio , Abisambra Jose F.
Published: February 2018

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal disorder and the leading genetic cause of intellectual disability in humans, which results from the triplication of chromosome 21. DS individuals have an increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like pathology and dementia by the age of 40 due to the triplication of several genes involved in the formation of amyloid plaques and tau tangles. Further, DS and AD are characterized by the aberrant accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins resulting from over-burdened protein quality control systems. The accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) triggers a cellular stress response called the unfolded protein response (UPR). Long-term activation of the UPR mediates neuronal dysfunction in AD. We hypothesized that the UPR is impacted in a mouse model of DS. To test this, we performed gene and protein expression analysis of ER stress markers in the Ts65Dn mouse model of DS at 3, 9, and 18 months. We identified activation of the PERK pathway in Ts65Dn DS mice at 3 months of age compared to euploid controls. We also determined that the early and overt UPR activation decreased with age, the UPR signal was significantly reduced by 18 months. Our data suggest that UPR activation in DS mouse models occurs early before consistent brain neurodegeneration and might be an essential contributor to dys-proteostasis.
Abnormalities of Resting State Cortical EEG Rhythms in Subjects with Mild Cognitive Impairment Due to Alzheimer’s and Lewy Body Diseases
Authors: Babiloni Claudio , Del Percio Claudio , Lizio Roberta , Noce Giuseppe , Lopez Susanna , Soricelli Andrea , Ferri Raffaele , Pascarelli Maria Teresa , Catania Valentina , Nobili Flavio , Arnaldi Dario , Famà Francesco , Aarsland Dag , Orzi Francesco , Buttinelli Carla , Giubilei Franco , Onofrj Marco , Stocchi Fabrizio , Vacca Laura , Stirpe Paola , Fuhr Peter , Gschwandtner Ute , Ransmayr Gerhard , Garn Heinrich , Fraioli Lucia , Pievani Michela , Frisoni Giovanni B. , D’Antonio Fabrizia , De Lena Carlo , Güntekin Bahar , Hanoğlu Lutfu , Başar Erol , Yener Görsev , Emek-Savaş Derya Durusu , Triggiani Antonio Ivano , Franciotti Raffaella , Taylor John Paul , De Pandis Maria Francesca , Bonanni Laura
Published: February 2018

The present study tested the hypothesis that cortical sources of resting state eyes-closed electroencephalographic (rsEEG) rhythms reveal different abnormalities in cortical neural synchronization in groups of patients with mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease (ADMCI) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLBMCI) as compared to cognitively normal elderly (Nold) subjects. Clinical and rsEEG data in 30 ADMCI, 23 DLBMCI, and 30 Nold subjects were available in an international archive. Age, gender, and education were carefully matched in the three groups. The Mini-Mental State Evaluation (MMSE) score was matched between the ADMCI and DLBMCI groups. Individual alpha frequency peak (IAF) was used to determine the delta, theta, alpha1, alpha2, and alpha3 frequency band ranges. Fixed beta1, beta2, and gamma bands were also considered. eLORETA estimated the rsEEG cortical sources. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROCC) classified these sources across individuals. Compared to Nold, IAF showed marked slowing in DLBMCI and moderate in ADMCI. Furthermore, the posterior alpha 2 and alpha 3 source activities were more abnormal in the ADMCI than the DLBMCI group, while widespread delta source activities were more abnormal in the DLBMCI than the ADMCI group. The posterior delta and alpha sources correlated with the MMSE score and correctly classified the Nold and MCI individuals (area under the ROCC >0.85). In conclusion, the ADMCI and DLBMCI patients showed different features of cortical neural synchronization at delta and alpha frequencies underpinning brain arousal and vigilance in the quiet wakefulness. Future prospective cross-validation studies will have to test the clinical validity of these rsEEG markers.
Utility of the LIBRA Index in Relation to Cognitive Functioning in a Clinical Health Seeking Sample
Authors: Pons Anke , LaMonica Haley M. , Mowszowski Loren , Köhler Sebastian , Deckers Kay , Naismith Sharon L.
Published: February 2018

Background:

Dementia prevalence is expected to increase substantially over the next few decades. Since there is currently no cure for dementia available, there is an urgent need for the early identification of individuals at high risk for dementia, so that primary and secondary prevention strategies can be implemented. Recently, the LIfestyle for BRAin health (LIBRA) index was developed as a new dementia risk algorithm. It specifically focuses on modifiable risk and protective factors that can be targeted in midlife.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the LIBRA index in relation to markers of cognitive functioning in a clinical, health-seeking sample of community-based older adults.

Methods:

484 participants (mean age 62.7 years) were recruited from the Healthy Brain Ageing Clinic at the Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney. Participants underwent comprehensive clinical and neuropsychological assessment and completed a self-report survey pack. Participants were rated via consensus as having either subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) or meeting criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The LIBRA score was calculated based on 11 available risk and protective factors.

Results:

65.4% of the sample met criteria for MCI. People with MCI showed a significantly higher LIBRA score compared to people with SCC. Furthermore, multiple cognitive domains, in particular executive functioning, were associated with a higher LIBRA score, with stronger correlations in people with MCI.

Conclusion:

The LIBRA index might be a useful tool to determine lifestyle-attributable risk of cognitive decline in an older health-seeking population, including people with MCI.
Plasma Antioxidant Status in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease and Cognitively Intact Elderly: A Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies
Authors: Mullan Kathryn , Cardwell Chris R. , McGuinness Bernadette , Woodside Jayne V. , McKay Gareth J.
Published: February 2018

Serum antioxidants may afford neuroprotection against Alzheimer’s disease (AD) via correction of the pro-oxidative imbalance but findings reported have been inconsistent. We compared the pooled mean difference in serum levels of ten dietary antioxidants between patients with AD and cognitively intact controls from 52 studies in meta-analyses using random-effects models. Patients with AD had significantly lower plasma levels of α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, vitamin A, C, and E, and uric acid. No significant difference was observed for plasma levels of β-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin. Considerable heterogeneity was detected across studies. The lower serum levels of dietary antioxidants from the carotene and vitamin subclasses observed in individuals with AD suggest reduced systemic availability of these subclasses in this prevalent form of dementia. To our knowledge, these are the first meta-analyses to demonstrate lower serum lycopene and to evaluate β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin levels in AD. In light of the significant heterogeneity detected across studies, caution should be exercised in the interpretation of the data and therapeutic intervention approaches considered through supplementation measures. Our data may better inform interventions to improve antioxidant status in a condition of major public health importance.
Circulatory Levels of Toxic Metals (Aluminum, Cadmium, Mercury, Lead) in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Quantitative Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Xu Lin , Zhang Wenchao , Liu Xianchen , Zhang Cuili , Wang Pin , Zhao Xiulan
Published: February 2018

Background:

Environmental exposure to toxic metals has been postulated to play a role in the pathophysiological processes of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the circulatory levels of toxic metals in AD patients are not consistent in previous studies.

Objective:

To systematically assess levels of toxic metals (aluminum, mercury, cadmium, lead) in the circulation (blood, serum/plasma) of AD patients and controls.

Methods:

PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were systematically searched to identify studies published up to January 1, 2017. Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models and the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results:

We identified 17, 7, 8, and 10 studies for aluminum, mercury, cadmium, and lead, respectively. Meta-analyses showed significantly elevated circulatory levels of aluminum (SMD = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.66, 1.50), mercury (SMD = 0.55, 95% CI, 0.15, 0.95), and cadmium (SMD = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.12, 1.11), whereas lower levels of lead (SMD = –0.23, 95% CI: –0.38, –0.07) in AD patients than in controls. Publication bias was only observed for aluminum studies, but the “trim and fill” analysis showed that the publication bias did not alter the direction of the effect. Sensitivity analyses showed no studies from the pooled analysis changed the results.

Conclusion:

Compared to controls, circulatory levels of aluminum, mercury, and cadmium are significantly higher but the levels of lead were reduced in AD patients. These findings suggest that elevated aluminum, mercury, and cadmium in the circulation, especially in serum may play a role in the progression of AD.