bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Images Of Canadian Cities In Italy: Then And Now
Authors: Sanfilippo Matteo
Published: January 2021

This article examines the writings of Italian travellers in Canada and discusses how they affected and affect the images of Canadian cities in Italian culture. The article begins by looking at recent writings by one famous Italian author, Pier Vittorio Tondelli, and then moves back to examine his predecessors in the Italian literary production on Canada. In this manner, the article tries to see whether it is possible to sketch a genealogy of Italian descriptions of Canadian cities.
Nutrition as Dissolution: Paola Masino's Nascita e morte della massaia
Authors: Cesaretti Enrico
Published: January 2021

Many scholars agree that Paola Masino's novel Nascita e morte della massaia is to be read as an allegory protesting Fascism censorship and suppression of women's creative powers, a sort of literal grave-stone and defeat of the possibility of feminine imagination and creativity. By focusing on the implications of the alimentary discourse in the novel and on its "anorexic" protagonist, my essay wishes to complement the former reading. I suggest that an additional, perhaps less dramatic and tragic message may stem out of this depiction of a failure and a defeat. That is, a message that alludes to a fundamental faith in the resiliency of the powers of imagination and artistic creativity may actually, although marginally, be traced in the novel.
Dalla compassione alla masserizia: una 'conversione' del messaggio di Lotario in quello di Bono
Authors: Papagni Erika
Published: January 2021

L'intervento si pone l'obiettivo di analizzare i trattati Della miseria dell'uomo di Bono Giamboni e il De miseria humane conditionis di Lotario de' Segni (Papa Innocenzo III), allo scopo di rilevarne le differenze, ma soprattutto di interpretarle, per capire in che modo la diversa testualità delle due opere corrisponde a due contesti storici profondamente diversi. Il De miseria humane conditionis ebbe, com'è noto, una grande influenza sulla cultura medievale, e fu tradotta e rielaborata in tutte le lingue europee. Poca attenzione però è stata prestata ai volgarizzamenti di quest'opera, in particolare al primo rifacimento italiano, Della miseria dell'uomo, realizzato nella seconda metà del Duecento dal giudice fiorentino Bono Giamboni. Nel messaggio di Bono la scoraggiante analisi della vita terrena che aveva fatto Lotario diviene un trattato morale secondo una mentalità più realistica e serena.
Michelangelo Reading Landino? The "Devil" in Michelangelo's Last Judgment
Authors: Rolfe Sarah Melanie
Published: January 2021

In lieu of Satan, the Hell scene in Michelangelo's Last Judgment features Charon and Minos, two key figures present in Dante’s Inferno. These figures were given an interesting psychological interpretation in the well circulated fifteenth-century commentary on Dante's Commedia by Cristoforo Landino. This article compares Landino's allegoresis of the two figures and a selection of Michelangelo's poetry, as well as the artist's drawings for and relationship to the young nobleman Tommaso de' Cavalieri, to suggest the hypothesis that Michelangelo's Minos and Charon were intended to symbolize the psychological experience of damnation and, more specifically, the dynamic interplay of conscience, free will, choice and volition.
Calvino’s Encounter with the Animal: Anthropomorphism, Cognition and Ethics in Palomar
Authors: Bolongaro Eugenio
Published: January 2021

This article examines the importance of the portrayal of animals in Palomar, Italo Calvino’s last major work of fiction. The discussion moves from some observations on the representation of animals in fiction, to a reflection on the ethical issues which emerge once the “question of the animal” is confronted in its full complexity. It is argued that this is precisely the question that Calvino’s work addresses. Mr Palomar’s trajectory is marked at key junctures by encounters with animals. A close reading of the passages which describe these encounters reveals not only Palomar’s cognitive impasse, but also that at the root of this impasse lies a fundamental ethical failure which the protagonist is incapable to acknowledge. Palomar’s escapist strategies ultimately amount to a refusal of life itself and lead the author to liquidate his protagonist at the end of the narrative.
Tra le (non) virgole di Alla cieca. Osservazioni sulla traduzione di Alla cieca e sul rapporto tra Claudio Magris e i suoi traduttori
Authors: Ivancic Barbara
Published: January 2021

Le opere di Claudio Magris sono state tradotte in molte lingue; il primato spetta a Danubio (1986), che segnò il successo internazionale dello scrittore e germanista triestino, con ventidue traduzioni, seguono Un altro mare (1991), tradotto in quattordici lingue, e Microcosmi (1997), a quota diciassette, mentre l’ultimo romanzo Alla cieca (2005) è stato finora tradotto in sedici lingue. Oltre ad essere un autore pluritradotto, Magris nutre anche un profondo interesse per l’argomento della traduzione e in particolare per la traduzione dei suoi stessi testi, come testimonia un intenso dialogo che instaura con molti dei suoi traduttori. A questo rapporto per molti versi singolare tra l’autore e i suoi traduttori1 è dedicata la prima parte del presente contributo. Nella seconda parte ci si concentra su Alla cieca e in particolare su un tratto stilistico del romanzo, quello dei segnali interpuntivi, il cui uso viene dapprima descritto nel testo fonte e che poi si analizza nelle traduzioni inglese, tedesca e croata.1Per un’analisi più approfondita di questo rapporto rimando al mio studio Il dialogo tra autori e traduttori. L’esempio di Claudio Magris (cfr. Ivancic 2010).
Carmen Covito’s La Bruttina Stagionata: Bridging Feminist and Post-Feminist Literature
Authors: Salsini Laura A.
Published: January 2021

Carmen Covito’s 1992 novel La bruttina stagionata serves as a connective text between two significant moments in Italian women’s writing: the feminist works of the 1970s and those published in the 1990s. Covito’s text adopts the sensibilities of a feminist work in its description of the female protagonist’s  trajectory from a state of victimization to one of confident self-awareness. But, like many of the novels written decades after the apogee of the women’s movement, La bruttina stagionata incorporates this poetics without the accompaniment of identifiable feminist practices, such as affidamento or autocoscienza, or the optimism and expectancy found in many works of the 1970s.
Uncompromising Gaze: The Art of Albert Chiarandini O.S.A., F.I.I.A.L.
Authors: Pugliese Olga Zorzi , Pugliese Guido , Principe Angelo
Published: January 2021

A close analysis of the paintings by Albert Chiarandini inscribed in several genres (portraiture, landscapes and compositions) and evaluated in light of the artist’s life experience, diary reflections, and personal interviews, reveals his fundamental concern for social justice. He chooses to portray the downtrodden with empathy, views important monuments from unusual angles that highlight their unpretentious side, and hints at the menacing conflict inherent in apparently pastoral scenes. His choice of political events and personages (Attila the Hun attacking Aquileia, the FLQ and Women’s Liberation movement in Quebec, the sacrifice of the outspoken Savonarola) underscores his condemnation of war and the suppression of personal freedoms. The artist’s numerous self-portraits and cameo appearances in other paintings are particularly indicative of the essence of Chiarandini’s works: his stance as a freedom fighter and his penetrating gaze into the heart of humankind.
Anti-Petrarchism in the Decameron’s Proem and Introduction
Authors: Grossi Joseph
Published: January 2021

Similarities of purpose between the Proem of the Decameron and the opening sonnet of the Rerum vulgarium fragmenta have been noticed by several scholars. Students of Boccaccio and Petrarch are also becoming increasingly aware that the former was willing to criticize his friend, as he did when Petrarch chose to accept Visconti patronage in Milan, the great enemy of Florence.The Proem of the Decameron, however, has not hitherto elicited comment as a text where such friendly criticism, at least of Petrarch’s poetic persona in the RVF, might be found. The present essay suggests that Boccaccio’s famous address in the Proem to fearful, lovesick and housebound women pertains as much to that Petrarcan persona as it does to those vaghe donne. Although it refers to and engages with the important debate on Boccaccio’s attitudes towards real women, the essay explores the possibility that the Decameron’s Proem slyly hints (in a way that is reinforced by the story collection’s Introduction) that the Canzoniere reveals a male poet who is himself “unmanned” by his excessive lovesickness and pursuit of solitude.
La creazione di una figura politica: L’entrata in Napoli di Ipolita Maria Sforza Visconti d’Aragona, duchessa di Calabria
Authors: Mele Veronica
Published: January 2021

Il momento più alto di elaborazione e manifestazione dell’immagine pubblica di Ippolita Maria Sforza, duchessa di Calabria, si realizzò in occasione del viaggio che nell’estate 1465, da Milano a Napoli, doveva condurla sposa ad Alfonso d’Aragona. Il lungo itinerario attraverso quasi tutti gli stati della Penisola fu caricato sia da parte sforzesca che aragonese di molteplici valenze politiche, collegate alle relazioni tra il ducato e il regno, così che l’imponente corteo che scortò Ippolita si configurò come una vera e propria ambasceria con la missione di rinforzare l’asse Napoli-Milano. Ma quella che doveva essere un’autentica marcia trionfale fu invece puntellata di ritardi, intimidazioni di arresto e minacce di dietro front, prima dell’ingresso trionfale nella capitale che, con la complessa e suggestiva simbologia del cerimoniale aragonese, doveva infine consacrare il ruolo politico della futura (ma prematuramente morta) regina di Napoli.
Uso strategico della L1: riflessioni ed esperienze
Authors: Torresan Paolo
Published: January 2021

Perché scandalizzarsi a parlare di traduzione oggi, quando si tratta di una abilità messa in atto spontaneamente da molti studenti e praticata altrettanto sovente dagli insegnanti? In questo saggio partiamo da una ricognizione sull’uso della L1 nella storia della glottodidattica — preponderante nel metodo grammaticale-traduttivo, bandito nel metodo comunicativo — sino ad arrivare ad alcune proposte metodologiche di ricorso mirato avanzate in tempi recenti da diversi autori. Ci inseriremo in questo dibattito, condividendo con il lettore esperienze condotte nell’aula di italiano LS¹ ¹Un ringraziamento a quanti hanno collaborato alla realizzazione di questo articolo: gli studenti della Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e della Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Maria Franca Zuccarello, Carolina Giampietro e Franco Pauletto.
"Colenda poesis, et inde Poete" (Gen. deor. gent., XIV, 22, 11): Boccaccio, la novità della letteratura e la libertà dei poeti
Authors: Bosisio Matteo
Published: January 2021

L’articolo, dopo aver mostrato le esigenze storiche e culturali che spinsero intellettuali quali Mussato e Petrarca a ricodificare lo statuto della letteratura, si sofferma sulla difesa della poesia operata da Boccaccio. Il certaldese non solo giunge a un risultato innovativo, totalmente svincolato dai modelli medievali, ma, diversamente dal passato, prende in considerazione anche il problema del ruolo sociale dello scrittore e del rapporto con la committenza. Analizzando soprattutto i libri XIV e XV delle Genealogie, il contributo mette in luce le complesse metodologie e tecniche letterarie adottate per dirimere tali questioni. In particolare Boccaccio — inventandosi un committente fittizio, ricercando un pubblico dotto e avvertito, celebrando l’autonomia della poesia e sostenendo alcune nuove discipline come la lingua greca — traccia un modello di letterato indipendente e libero.
Appunti in margine a Il castello di Udine: tra presunta prosa d’arte e la narratività della forma raccolta
Authors: Duyck Mathijs
Published: January 2021

L’articolo prende spunto dalla definizione di prosatore attribuita a Gadda dai primi recensori negli anni ’30 e recuperata di recente da una parte della critica gaddiana. Tale definizione fa riferimento alla categoria della prosa d’arte, la quale però, per quanto solesse fungere da contenitore indistinto per scritti prosastici non-narrativi, in realtà includeva anche testi caratterizzati da strutture narrative diverse da quelle tradizionali e che venivano definiti in altra sede come “nuova narrativa”. L’etichetta di prosatore risulta dunque essere generica e sembra prescindere da una effettiva comprensione della singolare narratività gaddiana, che merita di essere analizzata in quanto tale. Nel presente articolo, attraverso la rivalutazione di alcuni aspetti e interpretazioni della prosa d’arte degli anni ’30, si intende indagare la narratività della scrittura gaddiana al suo esordio, in particolare nella raccolta Il castello di Udine (Solaria, 1934), nella quale il passaggio dalla pubblicazione dei testi brevi su riviste all’integrazione dei testi nella raccolta comporta una notevole fortificazione delle strutture narrative non delle singole componenti testuali, ma della raccolta nel suo insieme, attraverso l’ordinamento dei testi in una sequenza e l’allestimento di un paratesto peculiare.
La Filosofia del Rifiuto ne La solitudine del satiro di Ennio Flaiano
Authors: Carton Jessy
Published: January 2021

In questo articolo si esamina la presunta ‘esclusione’ di Ennio Flaiano dal campo letterario del secondo Novecento tramite l’analisi della Solitudine del satiro, opera uscita postuma nel 1973. Nell’atteggiarsi a scrittore escluso e restio, Flaiano crea una distanza da cui criticare gli ideali culturali, politici e sociali della società del benessere.
Words, Characters, and Context: Giovan Maria Cecchi and the Language of Theatre
Authors: Eisenbichler Konrad
Published: January 2021

With over sixty plays to his credit, the Florentine notary Giovan Maria Cecchi (1518–87) was the most prolific Italian dramatist of the entire Renaissance. Not surprisingly, his fellow Florentines nicknamed him il Comico (the playwright) not only because of his great productivity, but also because of the unquestioned success of his works. In fact, his plays seemed to please audiences that ran the gamut from adolescent boys in confraternities to the grand-ducal court, from cloistered nuns in convents to carnival brigades of carefree young men. Clearly, Cecchi knew something about theatre and about audiences that worked to his advantage. This article proposes that Cecchi’s dramatic talent rested, in part, on his keen sense of language and on his ability to adapt it as required not only by the plots and characters of his plays, but also by his audiences, their context, and the changing social political situation of sixteenth-century Florence.
Local Colour: Investigating Social Transformations in Transcultural Crime Fiction
Authors: Wilson Rita
Published: January 2021

Over the last twenty years, Italian “migration literature” has made significant contributions to the redefinition of the country’s literary and cultural scene. While the initial phase can best be conceptualized as a generic “micro-system” encompassing canonical genres such as (auto)biography and the Bildungsroman, more recently, narratives of migration have diversified radically, exhibiting a high degree of linguistic and genre experimentation. The defining feature of some of the more successful recent novelists lies in their active engagement with critical social and political issues that concern contemporary Italian society through the vehicle of the crime fiction genre. A case in point is provided by Algerian-born Amara Lakhous, whose four recent novels Scontro di civiltà per un ascensore a Piazza Vittorio (2006), Divorzio all’islamica a viale Marconi (2010), Contesa per un maialino italianissimo a San Salvario (2013) and La zingarata della verginella di Via Ormea (2014) all use strategies of genre hybridization (polyphonic migration narratives blended with giallo and noir structures) to problematize notions of citizenship and cultural identity. This article argues that borrowing the conventions of the giallo/noir enables Lakhous both to provide new insights into shifting constructions of “Italianness”/citizenship in a period characterized by the transition from national to transcultural communities and to accentuate the continuity of the dialogical relationship between the crime fiction genre and contemporary social reality.
Fighting Eve: Women on the Stage in Early Modern Italy
Authors: Riverso Nicla
Published: January 2021

The Catholic revival in the sixteenth century coincides with the opening of the commedia dell’arte stage to women, leading to progress for female performers. However, the presence of women in the commedia dell’arte immediately shows contradictions and disagreements with the teaching of the Catholic Church. At this time, women were depicted as an emblem of Catholic morality: they were supposed to be devoted mothers and wives and their life was confined within the domestic household. In my paper, I analyze how difficult it was for women to prevail against religious and cultural prejudices and gain respect and recognition as actresses. My aim is to point out how the presence of women on the stage brought about a revolution for women’s role in Western culture offering a freedom of expression against traditional moral patterns and giving female performers a chance to demonstrate cleverness and professionalism.
Italian Americans, Education, and Italian Language: 1880–1921
Authors: Pretelli Matteo
Published: January 2021

Italian migrants in the United States have been often associated to the tendency to neglect the importance of culture as an instrument of upward social mobility. Traditionally perceiving culture as a hegemonic tool of the elites, Italian migrants in the United States, who had a predominantly peasant background, were supposedly uninterested in educating their children, rather preferring that they drop out school to add with their work a supplemental income necessary to face the daily necessities of migrant families. Based on a long-standing prejudice, this supposed Italian-American disinterest towards culture and education has been revisited by some scholars, who have revaluated the migrant attitude towards the cultural realm. In the first part, this essay will offer an overview of the different scholarly views on the relationship between Italian-Americans, culture and education. In the second part, it will discuss how Italian-Americans approached the usage of the Italian language, the native idiom that was disappearing in the Little Italies with the progression of newer generations, which inevitably favoured the recourse to English. Finally, the essay will take into account how Italian governments in the Liberal Age (1861–1921) connected to the communities of the Italians in the United States through programs addressed to fostering the Italian language overseas as a way to preserve the Italianità, namely the Italian character of migrants.
Between Reality and Symbol: Fierce Dogs and Ferocious Wolves in the Decameron
Authors: Cozzarelli Julia M.
Published: January 2021

Non-human animals have a long history of being utilized to understand human nature, and both wild and domestic canines have been particularly intertwined with humanity since ancient times. This article examines the representation of animals, and specifically of dogs and wolves, in Boccaccio’s Decameron. The analysis posits Boccaccio’s canine portrayals as multifaceted in nature, serving as tools for the interpretation of human behavior and also reflective of shifting views on the purpose of animal portrayals in literature. The article explores these ideas, in part, through interpretation of Boccaccio’s canines in comparison to those in other sources, with an emphasis on Dante’s Divine Comedy. Given the fact that the Commedia hosts a proliferation of allegorical beasts whereas the Decameron focuses on portrayals of commonplace, living animals, one might expect significant differences in the texts’ treatment of dogs and wolves. Yet, although differences exist, a study of both texts reveals a common outlook on the canine family; and the Decameron’s treatment of dogs and wolves not only reflects that of the Commedia, but also the confluence of wolves and dogs with one another. The article’s primary subjects of discussion from the Decameron are the widely-read story of Nastagio degli Onesti’s otherworldly vision in V.8, and the lesser-known novella IX.7, featuring Talano d’Imole, his wife Margherita, and a brutal wolf attack. In addition to examining literary sources, the article touches upon hierarchical views of wild and domestic canines in daily life from the period for its analysis.
Confession and Social Space in the Decameron
Authors: Brown Katherine A.
Published: January 2021

This essay argues that confession in the Decameron is a liminal activity, which affords characters and readers a milieu removed from the space of society in which transformation and ultimately a temporary moment of transcendence of the secular world (almost a return to paradise) are achieved. In the tales of the Decameron in which confession is central to the narrative (novelle I.1, III.3, and VII.5), the liminal is a locus of trickery. Boccaccio subverts the notion of spiritual transcendence traditionally associated with the sacrament of confession and playfully substitutes the profane and the divine for each other. The parallels these stories establish between confession as a liminal activity and reading the Decameron suggests that Boccaccio’s masterpiece has the potential to transform its public in social but not necessarily metaphysical ways.
What a Difference a Sea Makes in the Decameron: The Mediterranean, a Structural Space of the Novella
Authors: Morosini Roberta
Published: January 2021

This essay presents a reading of the Mediterranean sea as a narrative space in the Decameron. Through a reading of text and images, the paper illustrates the categories of mobile/static and foreign/domestic at work in the Decameron. It also introduces a third epistemological category, hybridity, at the centre of this study, which aims to establish the role and function of the Mediterranean in the fabula—the plot development—as well as in the structure of the novella itself, and ultimately in Boccaccio’s poetics.

Is the Mediterranean a “structural space” in (and of) the novella, hence in/of the Decameron? Does it make and forge “experiences” of women of different religions (and social origins) that differ from the experiences of men in the Medieval Mediterranean? The article proposes different cases of women travelling in the Decameron and discusses the paralysis and diaspora of women’s identity in the hybrid space of mobile Mediterranean, a foreign space of immobilization and dangers.
From Motherhood to Fatherhood: The Eclipse of Reason in the Taviani Brothers’ Tu ridi
Authors: Gieri Manuela
Published: January 2021

The paper presents an in-depth analysis of Tu ridi, a free adaptation of some of Luigi Pirandello’s short stories, realized by Paolo and Vittorio Taviani in 1998. Within a filmography largely characterized by an attention to the historical, social, and political transformations that Italy experienced over the second half of the twentieth century, special attention should be paid to the films the Tavianis made in a close dialogue with literature, a closeness that has always been particularly fortunate for both art forms. Over the decades, they have recurrently practised the art of adaptation bringing to the screen, among other literary texts, several of Luigi Pirandello’s short stories in films such as Tu ridi, and Kaos (1984). Unquestionably, literature has often been instrumental for the Tavianis’ investigation of reality, and my analysis will place in a close dialogue Tu ridi, their 1982 film La notte di San Lorenzo and, last but not least, Kaos, since in all tthree works the Tavianis’ agenda seems to be the same: to interrogate and overturn official historical discourse in order to unveil the complex and multifaceted truth that lies under the surface of things, and thus to rewrite the very narration about Neorealism and its overcoming.
Beppe Fenoglio’s Partigiano Archive: Translation, Resistenza, Testimony
Authors: Escolar Marisa
Published: January 2021

Beppe Fenoglio’s most famous novel, Partigiano Johnny, is not actually a novel at all, but a posthumous philological reconstruction of a series of typescripts that inspired one of the fiercest Italian literary debates of the postwar period. This debate reached a fever pitch in the 1990s as Italy was coming to terms with the impact of the Resistenza on national identity. As a partisan-writer with no connections to fascism, Fenoglio long occupied a stabilizing role in the Italian literary canon, intensifying the stakes for academics who wished to “heal” the wounds of his fragmented text and use them to produce a coherent, redemptive Resistance narrative, with Johnny- Fenoglio serving as a contemporary Dante. However, the incomplete, incompatible typescripts structurally refute the dominant postwar rhetoric that depicts the armistice as a “radical rupture” in Italian history, a “year zero” that catalyzed Italy’s rebirth. With no clear beginning or end, the texts enact a structural resistance that is echoed thematically in the partisan-protagonist’s metatextual reflections on the difficulty of narrating the Resistenza after the war has ended, which he theorizes in Dantean terms. Reading these thematic and structural resistances, this essay argues that they suggest that the “incomplete” archive is not treatable. Rather than opposing the philological debate or taking sides, I consider how this unstable text and the surrounding efforts to reconstruct it, collectively testify to the trauma of writing and remembering the Resistenza.
Stories of Blogs, E-books and Time: Slowdown, Participation and Resistance in Wu Ming’s Giap and L’archivio e la strada
Authors: Saporito Paolo
Published: January 2021

This paper analyses the relationship between Wu Ming’s blog Giap and the e-book Giap: L’archivio e la strada, where the writing collective gathered a selection of blog posts published between 2010 and 2012. Focusing on the temporal dimension of on-line and off-line reading practices, this paper demonstrates that the transmedia transfer of content from the blog to the e-book—a hybrid medium available both on-line and off-line—affects the experience of the reader offering an alternative reading rhythm, slowing it down and engendering a more thoughtful and critical approach to its content. The focus on the temporal dimension of reading practices must be framed into Wu Ming’s cultural project, primarily aimed at sabotaging and undermining the rhythm of life, production, and consumption imposed by Capitalism. As part of this project, the blog Giap promotes practices of resistance to the commodification of cultural products and impulsive forms of content consumption. In particular, the content available on Giap is protected by copy-left policies, while the comments to its most thoughtful posts are blocked until seventy-two hours after their publication. The transmedia transfer of posts from the blog to the e-book reorders their sequence, establishes a different relationship between reader and content and encourages the latter to reflect on the texts within a restructured temporal dimension. The publication of the e-book therefore represents a further form of slowdown that brings about the possibility of an alternative to on-line impulsive reading practices, bridges on-line and off-line dimensions, tackles issues of accessibility and preserves its content from on-line dispersive fluxes.
Sorciers et philosophes : la duplicité des Gitans dans le théâtre italien de la Renaissance
Authors: Leta Matteo
Published: January 2021

Cet article entend analyser la description qui est faite des Gitans dans le théâtre italien de la Renaissance. En représentant les Gitans, les dramaturges dévoilent — consciemment ou inconsciem­ment — dans leurs pièces les attitudes et les préjugés de l’époque à leur égard. Ils exposent aussi leurs propres insécurités : les Gitans re­présentés sont incapables d’interagir honnêtement avec les popula­tions natives, alors que, pour leur part, les Italiens semblent eux aussi incapables d’assimiler la diversité des Gitans. À l’époque, on ne peut pas accepter la violation de certains tabous anthropologiques concer­nant le sédentarisme, le travail et l’homogénéité ethnique, ce que les Gitans semblent faire. Ainsi, ce peuple devient le symbole de tous les vagabonds qui, en raison de leur vie itinérante, sont perçus comme des éléments dangereux et menaçant la stabilité sociale, politique et religieuse des populations locales.
Paesaggio culturale italiano e secolarizzazione. Idiomi e narrazione dei monumenti nella rappresentazione novecentesca del sacro
Authors: Carillo Saverio
Published: January 2021

L’architettura e gli spazi urbani delle città italiane, nei primi decenni successivi al Secondo conflitto mondiale, appaiono rappresentare in chiave figurata i contenuti di un nuovo innesto comportamentale sulla tradizionale edilizia che si confrontava con le coordinate contemporanee del consumismo. La definizione di un’inedita gamma valoriale — suscitata dalla modernità — viene sperimentata nella modifica degli atteggiamenti sottoscritti dalla popolazione rurale, per i quali non mancavano le osservazioni critiche di intellettuali come Pier Paolo Pasolini, che avvertiva, preoccupato, quanto potesse essere infido, per quella umanità, il cedere alla lusinga del comfort. Simili richiami alla responsabilità e al guardare con prudenza ai moderni ritrovati andavano interessando anche i prodotti di architettura, soprattutto per gli edifici sacri — da ricostruire o da realizzare ex-novo — che cedendo il passo alla modernità andavano rinunciando, in molti casi, all’implicita genesi di “opera monumentale,” essendo, per antonomasia, i luoghi di culto riconosciuti, da sempre, quali edifici identitari. Il sacro e l’architettura del sacro “subiscono” o “inverano” un processo di “desacralizzazione” per divenire testimonianze secolari.
Development of Interactive Learning Multimedia Reading Early Children's Beginning
Authors: Gultom Ostawati , Yus Anita , Sriadhi Sriadhi
Published: January 2021

Development of Interactive Learning Multimedia Learning Beginning for early childhood (5-6 years) in Christian Kindergarten 3 District Medan Kota, Medan City. Postgraduate Basic Education Study Program, State University of Medan. The purpose of this research and development was to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of interactive learning multimedia for early childhood reading in Group B TK Nasrani 3, Medan Kota District, and Medan City. The development model in this study refers to the 4D (Four-D) researches and development model which consists of 4 main stages, namely define, design, develop, and disseminate. The subjects in this study were 3 expert validators and 20 students of Group B TK Nasrani 3 Medan. The product of this research is a multimedia interactive learning software product on the material of celestial objects for group B students TK Nasrani 3 Medan. The results showed that (1) the feasibility level of interactive multimedia learning pre-reading based on: a) the validation results of the material experts on the feasibility of content by instructional media experts by 3.6, learning material experts by 3.7, while design experts 3.5 in the category with " very worthy ”. b) The practical results of the teacher state that children get very good responses and responses. This can happen because the steps loaded in multimedia learning have instructions and are easily understood by children. 2) the results of the effectiveness of interactive learning multimedia that were developed showed the average result of reading the beginning of the child on the results of initial observations was 45%, which means the child began to develop and the result of the final observation was 83%, which means that the child developed very well.
Development of Learning Modules Based on a Realistic Mathematical Approach with Autograph Software to Improve Creative Mathematical Thinking Ability Students of SMP Negeri 1 Blangkejeren
Authors: Ahmadi Rike , Syahputra Edi , Sinaga Bornok
Published: January 2021

This study aims to analyze the practicality of the learning modules developed based on the Realistic Mathematical Approach with autograph software, to analyze the effectiveness of the learning modules developed based on the Realistic Mathematical Approach assisted by autograph software, and to describe the improvement of students' mathematical creative thinking abilities through learning modules developed based on the Mathematical Approach. Realistic assisted autograph software. The data were obtained through the learning module validity sheet consisting of the lesson plan validation sheet and the mathematical creative ab ility test validation sheet, student response questionnaires and teacher interview guidelines for the learning module and the learning module effectiveness instrument seen from the students' mathematical creative test results. Module development in this study uses the Thiagarajan, Semmel and Semmel development models, namely the 4-D model (define, design, develop, disseminate). The results of the research were students and teachers stated that the developed device was easy to use, the students' critical thinking ability obtained classical completeness with a percentage of 87.5%, the level of student activity met the ideal time tolerance criteria set, student responses to the components of learning devices and learning activities is positive. The increase in creative thinking skills in the first try was 77.9, an increase in the second try to 81.64.
Effect of Collaborative Based Inquiry Learning Model Using Macromedia Flash and Motivation on Science Learning Outcomes of 5th Grade Students of Elementary School Angkasa 2 Lanud Soewondo Medan
Authors: Astari Wanty , Suyanti Retno Dwi , Saragi Daulat
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine the differences in learning outcomes with the use of guided inquiry learning models using collaborative-based macromedia flash and based on children's learning motivation attitudes, as well as the interaction between the two models with the level of children's learning motivation in influencing student learning outcomes improvement. The research was conducted at SD Angkasa 2 LANUD Medan in the even semester of the 2020/2021 school year. The sample in this study consisted of classes V-A and V-B which were taken by purposive sampling class. Class V-A is an experimental class that is taught using the guided inquiry learning model using collaborative-based macromedia flash, while for the control class, it is taught using the selected direct learning model, class V-B. This means that student learning outcomes with the guided inquiry learning model using collaborative-based macromedia flash is better than direct learning. Acquisition of calculated F value of 5,123 is greater than the F table of 4,001, with a significance value of 0.027 <0.05. This means that the learning outcomes of students with high learning motivation are better than students with low learning motivation, and the calculated F value of 0.189 is smaller than the F table, namely 4.001 with a significance value of 0.665> 0.05, then H0 is accepted and Ha is rejected, so in the study There is no interaction between learning motivation in the application of the guided inquiry learning model using collaborative-based macromedia flash or direct learning on student learning outcomes. This study shows that the learning model and learning motivation do not influence and reject the third hypothesis.
Suomalaiset ahdistukset
Authors: Nykänen Elise , Rossi Riikka
Published: January 2021

Joutsenen erikoisjulkaisu Suomalaiset ahdistukset – Kansallinen omakuva ja kielteiset tunteet lähestyy kansakunnan kertomisen kysymyksiä kielteisten tunteiden näkökulmasta. Julkaisussa pohditaan erityisesti kielteisten tunteiden ja niin sanottujen rumien, kulttuurisesti ja moraalisesti vähäarvoisina pidettyjen tunteiden merkitystä suomalaisen omakuvan rakentumiselle. Miten pelkoa, inhoa, vihaa, kateutta, surua, ahdistusta tai syyllisyyttä on kuvattu suomalaisessa kirjallisuudessa? Miten nämä esitykset suhteutuvat myönteisinä ja moraalisesti korkeina pidettyihin kansallistunteisiin kuten isänmaanrakkauteen tai yhteenkuuluvuuden tunteeseen? Millaisiin kirjallisuushistoriallisiin ilmiöihin ja esteettisiin käsityksiin negatiivisten tunteiden esittäminen kytkeytyy? Entä millaisia tunnereaktioita, joko myönteisiä tai kielteisiä, näiden tunteiden kuvauksilla pyritään lukijassa herättämään ja millaisin keinoin? Kansakunnan rakentamisen kysymyksiä tarkastellaan lisäksi suhteessa 2010-luvun poliittisessa keskustelussa hyödynnettyyn affektiiviseen retoriikkaan, joka ammentaa kielteisistä kollektiivisista tunteista. Millaisia ovat nykypäivän kertomukset suomalaisuudesta ja millä tavoin ne lujittavat tai haastavat 1800-luvulta lähtien yhdessä kuviteltua kansakuntaa? Entä millaisia uusia tunneyhteisöjä nämä kertomukset rakentavat?
Religious Affects and Female Subjects in the Altarpieces of the Finnish Artist Alexandra Frosterus-Såltin
Authors: Takanen Ringa
Published: January 2021

Before the mid-nineteenth century there were few subjects in the altarpiece tradition of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland in which the central figures accompanying Christ were female. Seldom used or new motifs involving female characters now emerged behind the altar. Most of the altarpieces with central women figures were painted in Finland at the turn of the twentieth century by the artist Alexandra Frosterus-Såltin (1837–1916). In the nineteenth century Frosterus-Såltin was the only artist in Finland who realized the motif of ‘Christ Appearing to Mary Magdalene’ in her altarpieces. In her final representation of the theme, the altarpiece in the church of the Finnish Jepua commune, she chose an unusual approach to the motif. My interest in the subject lies in the motif’s affective nature – the ways in which altarpieces in general have been actively used to evoke feelings. Moreover, I consider the influence that Alexandra Frosterus-Såltin, a significant agent in Finnish sacral art, had on consolidating the position of women’s agency in the Finnish altarpiece tradition. I examine the motif in relation to the cultural and political atmosphere of the era, especially the changing gender roles and the understanding of women’s social agency as the women’s movement emerged.
19. VE 20. YÜZYILDA OSMANLI HUKUK SİSTEMİNİN IRAK’TA UYGULANMASI
Authors: İBRAHİM Abdulazim
Published: January 2021

Having been home to important civilizations throughout history, the geography of Iraq has been the scene of constant power struggle due to its rich natural resources. The fact that the communities living in this geography consist of diverse ethnic groups affiliated with different religions has led their exposure to foreign interventions with various excuses. Witnessed many times throughout the history, today the interventions in question still continue. Foreign interventions generally constituted the usual policies of the imperial states and the leading actor of these operations has been Britain. The issue has become more complex following the insatiable appetite of some countries for oil resources in the 21st century. Conflict of interests in this regard has led to instability and chaos in the region. The intensity of the conflict has reached a level that may lead to the formation and fragmentation of the countries in the region depending on the conditions of the day and the power and shaping of the local authorities. By bringing the cultural heritage and differences in the social structure to the forefront rather than the common values shared by the communities, the conflict has been flared up increasing its intensity and thus, human tragedies based on ethnicity, religious and sectarian affiliations have become unavoidable. The intervention of the colonialist states continues in different forms and intensities in Iraq, which has shared the same fate with the region. During the period of the Ottomans, which dominated the region for centuries, such negativities were least experienced, and even owing to the legal order of the period, the phenomenon of the Pax Ottomana occured at the highest level when the Ottoman state were powerful in the region. The decline in the power of the Ottomans has been a major factor in the fate and drama of the region.
Efetividade do uso da Fibrina Rica em Plaquetas (PRF) no levantamento de seio maxilar: relato de caso
Authors: Tchemra Flávia Gouvêa Costa , Rezende Márcia , Morelli Fernando Mendes , Medeiros Samara Tábata Cavalcante Braga , Diniz Antoniel Guimarães
Published: January 2021

A cirurgia de elevação do assoalho do seio maxilar apresenta-se como uma técnica com resultados previsíveis, sendo um procedimento comum da prática odontológica. Devido à grande diversidade e disponibilidade de substitutos ósseos, tem-se estudado cada vez mais sobre o material ideal para preencher a cavidade sinusal e, consequentemente, para a formação de um osso com características semelhantes ao do paciente em um menor período de tempo. A Fibrina Rica em Plaquetas (PRF) é um desses materiais que, por ser autólogo, apresentar baixo custo e um protocolo de obtenção simplificado, tem sido muito utilizado e tem apresentado excelentes resultados. Levando em consideração os benefícios atribuídos ao PRF, o objetivo desse estudo foi através de um relato de caso de boca dividida, avaliar clínica e histologicamente a sua efetividade quando associado a um substituto ósseo nas cirurgias de elevação do assoalho do seio maxilar, comparado ao uso exclusivo desse mesmo substituto. Apesar de não haver diferenças histológicas entre as amostras analisadas, a associação do PRF ao substituto ósseo melhorou a qualidade óssea na região enxertada quando comparada ao lado onde só foi utilizado o substituto ósseo como único material de enxertia.
Má oclusão e fonoaudiologia e fatores associados: revisão integrativa
Authors: Martins Flavia da Silva , Silva Marcilene Ferreira da , Souza Danilo Sampaio , Farias Ruth Raquel Soares de , Ramos Priscila Figueiredo Cruz
Published: January 2021

A má oclusão pode ser definida como o alinhamento anormal dos dentes ou uma má relação entre os arcos dentários, da maneira pela qual os dentes superiores e inferiores se encaixam, causando assim alterações estruturais e funcionais. Avaliar o perfil de má oclusão e fatores associados de indivíduos em tratamento fonoaudiológico por meio de revisão de literatura. Para realização da pesquisa, escolheu-se o método de revisão integrativa, com abordagem qualitativa, foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico por meio de consulta nas bases de dados: Lilacs, Scielo e Pubmed. Os descritores utilizados na pesquisa foram: Epidemiologia, Ortodontia, Fonoaudiologia. Como critério de inclusão foram estabelecidos artigos científicos completos somente em língua portuguesa e inglesa, entre os anos de 2015 a 2020. Após a seleção dos resumos de estudos encontrados, cinco foram inclusos no estudo.  Após realizada pesquisa nas bases de dados, formam encontrados cento e cinquenta artigos, sendo Pubmed 70; Lilacs 41; Scello 44. Após estudos dos títulos e resumos incoerentes ao tema, foram excluídos 114 e 26 eliminados por duplicação, foram selecionados por elegibilidade 20, após a leitura na integra, a amostra foi constituída por cinco artigos científicos, selecionados pelos critérios de inclusão previamente estabelecidos. Após a análise dos artigos selecionados para esta revisão, com o objetivo de facilitar a leitura e compreensão, os resultados foram agrupados em categorias: nível de evidência, classificação de oclusão e fatores associados. Conclui-se que a atuação interdisciplinar entre a odontologia e a fonoaudiologia é relevante para o restabelecimento estético e funcional.
Challenging poverty with green space in informal settlements of Quito
Authors: Loor Ignacio , Rivadeneira Lucía , Rivadeneira Julio
Published: January 2021

Planners increasingly recognize the value of green spaces to the wellbeing of urban residents. Research on ecosystem services has produced much of what is known about such value, although the attention is mainly on the cities’ core while informal settlements remain overlooked. Using a case study of informal settlements in Quito, this paper focuses on how their residents use the neighboring green space to fight poverty. The study uses data from interviews, field notes, and archives to show how green spaces escalate the capabilities of the neighboring residents to access everyday resources. A preserved landscape enhances the ability to walk and travel to everyday destinations; allotments reduce the reliance on debts with shop keepers to access food; and sports fields enable income generation and pursue a career.  These findings provide an understanding of how to address simultaneously environmental, social, and economic challenges in cities of developing countries. Planners engaged in the sustainable development agenda would benefit from this research.
Methodological Support of Additional Professional Education: Simulation and Labor Costs Estimation
Authors: Miroshnichenko Yu , Osadskaya A. , Shcherbakov S.
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the study is to assess the labor costs of teachers to create programs of additional professional education. The SIM-UML system is used to build visual and simulation models of additional professional education processes. As a result of modeling, the estimation of labor costs in manual and automated versions is obtained.
Professional Development and Self-fulfilment of the Teacher in the Current Environment
Authors: Sviderskaya S. , Shabasheva E. , Ignatovich Yu.
Published: January 2021

The article examines core trends in the development of modern society and education. The aim of national educational project recently created in Russia is to enhance its entire system of education. In this regard, the objectives of the project have been identified which include, among others, the training of current teaching staff, their retraining and advanced training programs. Since the changes entail teachers and their professional development, we have highlighted a number of relevant problems. We find the solution to these problems in studying the process of the teacher's professional self-fulfilment. In this paper, professional self-fulfilment of the teacher is understood as an integral dynamic characteristic, reflecting the teacher's personal qualities in pedagogical activity. The idea of personal self-fulfilment is not limited to one idea of constant self-development and striving for a certain ideal, but invites a person to understand themselves, their ambitions, uniqueness and inner potential that can be realized either in professional or any other course of development. The article pays special attention to the formation of the teacher’s “competences of the future” as one of the objectives and conditions for improving professional development and professional self-fulfilment of the teacher. On the basis of individual and motivational and performance-oriented approaches we have proposed the structure of the teacher's activities aimed at professional development and self-fulfilment.