bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A Carbohydrate‐Linked Hypericinic Photosensitizing Agent.
Authors: Zuschrader Joachim , Schoefberger Wolfgang , Falk Heinz
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Aburatubolactam A.
Authors: Henderson James A. , Phillips Andrew J.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Colloidal CuGaSe2, CuInSe2, and Cu(InGa)Se2 Nanoparticles.
Authors: Tang Jiang , Hinds Sean , Kelley Shana O. , Sargent Edward H.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bridging the Gap Between Surface Science and Industrial Catalysis
Authors: Meunier Frederic C.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Engineered Weld Design: Are Composite Welds Likely in the Future?
Authors: Olson D. L. , Park Y. D. , Liu S. , Jackson J. E. , Lasseigne‐Jackson A. N. , Metzbower E.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Some Aspects of Colloidal Nanoparticle Stability, Catalytic Activity, and Recycling Potential
Authors: Narayanan Radha , El‐Sayed Mostafa A.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese‐Containing Heterometallic Clusters with Ligands Derived from Elements of Groups 15 and 16
Authors: Mathur Pradeep , Chatterjee Saurav , Torubaev Yuri V.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in the Chemistry and Applications of Indolocarbazoles
Authors: Janosik Tomasz , Wahlstroem Niklas , Bergman Jan
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylation — A Reaction Come of Age
Authors: Barnard Christopher F. J.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophilic Bromination of Alkenes: Environmental, Health and Safety Aspects of New Alternative Methods.
Authors: Eissen Marco , Lenoir Dieter
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Challenges in the Stereocontrolled Syntheses of β‐Rhamnosides.
Authors: El Ashry El Sayed H. , Rashed Nagwa , Ibrahim El Sayed I.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Zwitterionic Iodonium Compounds: Useful Tools in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Malamidou‐Xenikaki Elizabeth , Spyroudis Spyros
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis by Very Small Au Clusters
Authors: Chretien Steeve , Buratto Steven K. , Metiu Horia
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Applications of Microwaves in Synthesis of Bioactive Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Jindal Rani , Bajaj Sanjay
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitroalkanes as Central Reagents in the Synthesis of Spiroketals
Authors: Ballini Roberto , Petrini Marino , Rosini Goffredo
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highlights in Steroidal Chemistry: Total Synthesis versus Semisynthesis
Authors: Nising Carl F. , Braese Stefan
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Azadirachtin Story
Authors: Veitch Gemma E. , Boyer Alistair , Ley Steven V.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Comprehensive Survey of Chemical Libraries for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology: 2007.
Authors: Dolle Roland E. , Le Bourdonnec Bertrand , Goodman Allan J. , Morales Guillermo A. , Thomas Craig J. , Zhang Wei
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Free Radical and Ionic Routes Toward Hydrolytically Stable and Bioactive C‐Glycosyl Compounds
Authors: Chen Guo‐Rong , Praly Jean‐Pierre
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bonding Properties and Bond Activation of Ylides: Recent Findings and Outlook
Authors: Urriolabeitia Esteban P.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorous Biphasic Catalysis
Authors: Mathison Clare R. , Cole‐Hamilton David J.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Armstrong Alan
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Energy Upgrading by Solid‐Gas Reaction Heat Transformer: A Critical Review
Authors: Yu Y. Q. , Zhang P. , Wu J. Y. , Wang R. Z.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Guiding cell migration in 3D: A collagen matrix with graded directional stiffness
Authors: Hadjipanayi Ektoras , Mudera Vivek , Brown Robert A.
Published: January 2009

While matrix stiffness has been implicated in cell adhesion and migration, most studies have focused on the effects of substrate stiffness in 2D. The present work describes a novel continuous stiffness gradient model for studying such processes in 3D. Wedge‐shaped collagen scaffolds were compressed to produce sheets of a desired (0.1 mm) uniform thickness, but with increasing collagen density along the length of the sheet. Dynamic mechanical analysis, carried out on 1 mm wide strips obtained from the two ends and the middle of each sheet, showed that the elastic modulus increased from 1057 ± 487 kPa to 2305 ± 693 kPa at the soft and stiff end respectively and was 1835 ± 31 kPa in the middle. In constructs seeded with agarose marker beads prior to compression, mean agarose bead density rose from 10 ± 1 to 71 ± 12 at the soft and stiff end respectively and was 19 ± 5 in the middle, indicating successful engineering of a density gradient corresponding to the measured stiffness gradient. Growth‐arrested human dermal fibroblasts, initially seeded evenly within such constructs, accumulated preferentially towards the stiff part of the gradient after 3 and 6 days in culture. Durotactic migration was significant after 6 days. This model provides a new means for studying cellular mechanotaxis and patterning cells which is controllable, biomimetic and in 3D. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 66: 121–128, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonglycosidic Agonists of Invariant NKT Cells for Use as Vaccine Adjuvants
Authors: Reddy B. Gopal , Silk Jonathan D. , Salio Mariolina , Balamurugan Rengarajan , Shepherd Dawn , Ritter Gerd , Cerundolo Vincenzo , Schmidt Richard R.
Published: January 2009

Based on the crystal structures of human α‐GalCer–CD1d and iNKT–α‐GalCer–CD1d complexes, nonglycosidic analogues of α‐GalCer were synthesized. They activate iNKT cells resulting in dendritic cell maturation and the priming of antigen‐specific T and B cells. Therefore, they are attractive adjuvants in vaccination strategies for cancer and infectious diseases.

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Health‐related quality of life in long‐term breast cancer survivors
Authors: Paskett Electra , Herndon James , Donohue Kathleen , Naughton Michelle , Grubbs Stephen , Pavy Michael , Hensley Martee , Stark Nancy , Kornblith Alice , Bittoni Marisa
Published: January 2009

BACKGROUND:

The Survivor's Health and Reaction (SHARE) study examined health‐related quality of life (HRQL) in breast cancer patients who had participated in Cancer and Leukemia Group B Trial 8541 from 1985 to 1991.

METHODS:

In total, 245 survivors (78% of eligible patients) who were 9.4 to 16.5 years postdiagnosis (mean, 12.5 years postdiagnosis) completed HRQL surveys relating to 5 domains. Analyses examined HRQL domains according to 3 different chemotherapy dose levels that were administered in the original treatment trial: low‐dose cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and fluorouracil (CAF) at 300 mg/m2, 30 mg/m2, and 300×2 mg/m2, respectively, over 4 cycles; standard‐dose CAF at 400 mg/m2, 40 mg/m2, and 400×2 mg/m2, respectively, over 6 cycles; and high‐dose CAF at 600 mg/m2, 60 mg/m2 and 600×2 mg/m2, respectively, over 4 cycles.

RESULTS:

In univariate analyses, a statistically significant difference was observed on the Medical Outcomes Study 36‐item short form Physical Role Functioning subscale by treatment group, with lower mean scores in the standard treatment arm (mean, 65.05) compared with mean scores in the low‐dose arm (mean, 74.66) and the high‐dose arm (mean, 84.94; P.0001). However, multivariate analysis revealed that treatment arm no longer was statistically significant, whereas the following factors were associated with decreased physical role functioning: age ≥60 years (odds ratio [OR], 3.55; P = .006), increased comorbidity interference total score (OR, 1.64; P = .005), lower vitality (OR, 1.05; P = .0002), and increased menopausal symptoms (OR, 1.04 P = .02).

CONCLUSIONS:

At 9.4‐16.5 years after their original diagnosis, differences in physical role functioning among breast cancer survivors who had received 3 different dose levels of chemotherapy were explained by clinical and demographic variables, such as age, fatigue, menopausal symptoms, and comorbidities. Prospective studies are needed to further assess the role of these factors in explaining HRQL and physical role functioning among long‐term survivors. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Noninvasive evaluation of oral lesions using depth‐sensitive optical spectroscopy
Authors: Schwarz Richard A. , Gao Wen , Redden Weber Crystal , Kurachi Cristina , Lee J. Jack , El‐Naggar Adel K. , Richards‐Kortum Rebecca , Gillenwater Ann M.
Published: January 2009

BACKGROUND:

Optical spectroscopy is a noninvasive technique with potential applications for diagnosis of oral dysplasia and early cancer. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of a depth‐sensitive optical spectroscopy (DSOS) system for distinguishing dysplasia and carcinoma from non‐neoplastic oral mucosa.

METHODS:

Patients with oral lesions and volunteers without any oral abnormalities were recruited to participate. Autofluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectra of selected oral sites were measured using the DSOS system. A total of 424 oral sites in 124 subjects were measured and analyzed, including 154 sites in 60 patients with oral lesions and 270 sites in 64 normal volunteers. Measured optical spectra were used to develop computer‐based algorithms to identify the presence of dysplasia or cancer. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated using a gold standard of histopathology for patient sites and clinical impression for normal volunteer sites.

RESULTS:

Differences in oral spectra were observed in: (1) neoplastic versus nonneoplastic sites, (2) keratinized versus nonkeratinized tissue, and (3) shallow versus deep depths within oral tissue. Algorithms based on spectra from 310 nonkeratinized anatomic sites (buccal, tongue, floor of mouth, and lip) yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.96 in the training set and 0.93 in the validation set.

CONCLUSIONS:

The ability to selectively target epithelial and shallow stromal depth regions appeared to be diagnostically useful. For nonkeratinized oral sites, the sensitivity and specificity of this objective diagnostic technique were comparable to that of clinical diagnosis by expert observers. Thus, DSOS has potential to augment oral cancer screening efforts in community settings. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
The EML4‐ALK fusion gene is involved in various histologic types of lung cancers from nonsmokers with wild‐type EGFR and KRAS
Authors: Wong Daisy Wing‐Sze , Leung Elaine Lai‐Han , So Kimpton Kam‐Ting , Tam Issan Yee‐San , Sihoe Alan Dart‐Loon , Cheng Lik‐Cheung , Ho Kwok‐Keung , Au Joseph Siu‐Kie , Chung Lap‐Ping , Pik Wong Maria ,   University of Hong Kong Lung Cancer Study Group
Published: January 2009

BACKGROUND:

The echinoderm microtubule‐associated protein‐like 4‐anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4‐ALK) fusion gene resulting from the chromosome inversion inv(2)(p21;p23) recently was identified in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The authors of this study investigated the frequency, genetic and clinicopathologic profiles of EML4‐ALK in Chinese patients with NSCLC.

METHODS:

EML4‐ALK was investigated in 266 resected primary NSCLC, including adenocarcinomas (AD), lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, mucoepidermoid carcinomas, and adenosquamous carcinomas, by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and was verified by sequencing. EML4‐ALK protein expression was studied by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS:

Thirteen tumors (4.9%) had EML4‐ALK comprising 4 fusion transcript variants with fusion of the variable segments from 5′ EML4 to 3′ ALK and with preservation of the ALK kinase domain. The most common variant consisted of 8 tumors with variant 3 that involved EML4 exon 6. The others included 2 tumors with variant 1 (exon 13), 2 tumors with variant 2 (exon 20), and 1 tumor with the novel variant 5 (exon 18). There were 11 ADs and 2 unusual carcinomas with mixed squamous and glandular components. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated diffuse ALK fusion proteins in the tumor cell cytoplasm. EML4‐ALK was associated with nonsmokers (P = .009). Tumors with the fusion gene had the wild‐type epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (P = .001) and v‐Ki‐ras2/Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) genes. Patients who had EML4‐ALK‐positive AD had a younger median age (P = .018) compared with patients who did not have the fusion gene.

CONCLUSIONS:

The EML4‐ALK fusion gene was present in various histologic types of NSCLC. It occurred in mutual exclusion to EGFR and KRAS mutations and was associated with nonsmokers. The authors concluded that EML4‐ALK may be useful for predicting the potential response to ALK inhibitors as a therapeutic option for patients with lung cancer. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Cervicovaginal cytological abnormalities in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection, in relation to disease stage, CD4 cell count and viral load
Authors: Micheletti Adilha Misson Rua , Dutra Valéria de Freitas , Murta Eddie Fernando Cândido , Paschoini Marina Carvalho , Silva‐Vergara Mário Leon , e Silva Gisele Barbosa , Adad Sheila Jorge
Published: January 2009

The objective of the present study was to assess infections and cytologic abnormalities in cervicovaginal smears from 153 HIV‐positive women and 169 HIV‐negative followed up at the UFTM School of Medicine between May 1999 and May 2002. The medical records and cervicovaginal smears were reviewed and the HIV‐positive group was classified according to CD4 cell count, HIV viral load, antiretroviral therapy and HIV subgroups (with or without disease; with or without therapy) and compared to HIV‐negative group.

We conclude that the frequency of Candida sp, Trichomonas vaginalis and bacterial vaginosis in cervicovaginal smear, is not different between HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative women, even if the HIV‐group is subdivided according to CD4 cell count, HIV viral load, antiretroviral therapy and HIV subgroups.

The frequency of LSIL, in cervicovaginal smears, was greater in the HIV‐group (17.6%) than in the HIV‐negative (4.1%); there was no difference between the two groups according to frequency of HSIL (4.6% versus 1.8%), ASCUS/AGUS (7.8% versus 3.5%) and invasive carcinoma (1.3% versus 0.6%). The frequency of LSIL was greater in the HIV positive group with CD4 cell count < 350 cells/mm3. The viral load, therapeutic regimen and HIV subgroups (HIV‐positive without therapy, HIV‐positive with therapy, AIDS by immunological criteria and AIDS by clinical criteria) have not shown relationship with LSIL frequency, until now. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conjunctival impression cytology in trachoma
Authors: Anshu  , Gangane Nitin , Venkataramanan V. R. , Patil Vidyadhar M.
Published: January 2009

Trachoma is one of the leading causes of blindness and clinical examination remains the mainstay of diagnosis. However there is need to evaluate simple, inexpensive techniques which can be used for screening of trachoma in endemic regions.

We report two cases where conjunctival impression cytology played a part in confirming the diagnosis of trachoma. We used a modified technique of obtaining conjunctival impressions, which not only met with better patient compliance and minimal ocular distress, but also provided better cellularity and morphology of cells for evaluation.

The impression smears showed squamous metaplasia and loss of goblet cells. The cytoplasm of these cells had a hazy, moth eaten appearance and showed presence of intracytoplasmic inclusions. These basophilic inclusions were present singly and in clusters and were around 5 μm in diameter. A large number of these inclusions were present extracellularly as well.

Conjunctival impression cytology is a simple procedure which needs to be evaluated for its potential to be used for screening trachoma in endemic areas. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Discriminating hepatocellular carcinoma from metastatic carcinoma on fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of the liver: The utility of immunocytochemical panel
Authors: Saleh Husain A. , Aulicino Michael , Zaidi Sayed Y. , Khan Aurang Zeb , Masood Shahla
Published: January 2009

The cytomorphologic features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy are well described. However, correctly diagnosing HCC on cytologic features alone and differentiating it from metastatic adenocarcinoma (MAC) remains a challenge. Studies have recommended the use of various immunocytochemical (ICC) stains to aid in the diagnosis and distinction of these tumors with variable success rates.

In this study, we evaluated a panel of seven ICC stains, HepPar1, glypican‐3, polyclonal and monoclonal carcinoembryonic antigen (pCEA, mCEA), MOC‐31, CK7, and CK20, in 42 FNA cases of HCC and 48 FNA cases of MAC. The aim was to identify the most sensitive and specific markers and the best panel for accurate diagnosis. Overall, 38 of 42 HCC and 44/48 MAC tumors were correctly identified by a panel of four markers, CK7, MOC‐31, HepPar1, and glypica‐3, with accuracy rate of 90.5 and 91.7%, respectively. In the HCC group, glypican‐3 was most sensitive and detected in 34/42 (81%), whereas HepPar1 and pCEA were less sensitive and detected in 30/42 (71.4%) and 21/42 (50%), respectively. In the MAC group, MOC‐31 was most sensitive and detected in 38/48 (79.2%), followed by CK7 in 20/48 (41.7%).

Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that a panel of glypican‐3, HepPar1, MOC‐31, and CK7 is most helpful in diagnosing and accurately differentiating HCC from MAC on FNA biopsies of the liver.

We conclude that a panel of HepPar1, glypican‐3, MOC‐31, and CK7 accurately and statistically significantly differentiates these two malignancies (P < 0.05). Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multinucleated giant cells in HIV‐associated benign lymphoepithelial cyst‐like lesions of the parotid gland on FNAC
Authors: Gupta Nalini , Gupta Ruchi , Rajwanshi Arvind , Bakshi Jaimanti
Published: January 2009

Benign lymphoepithelial cyst‐like lesion (BLEL), a previously rare lesion of the parotid gland consisting of marked lymphoid hyperplasia with accompanying squamous‐lined cysts, has been described in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS risk factors. Histologically, these cysts are lined by a squamous or cuboidal epithelium. The lumen contains a pale homogenous material with foamy macrophages and lymphocytes with the cyst wall having germinal centers and a dense infiltrate of lymphoid cells. On FNAC, the aspirates are mostly cystic with the presence of reactive lymphoid tissue, numerous histiocytes, and metaplastic cell clusters. Multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) are also rarely seen in such lesions. We report a case of HIV‐associated BLEL with numerous large sized multinucleated giant cells. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Myelomatous pleural effusion in a patient with plasmablastic myeloma: A case report
Authors: Chang Hung , Chou Wen‐Chi , Lee Shen‐Yang , Huang Jeng‐Yi , Hung Yu‐Hsin
Published: January 2009

Myelomatous pleural effusion is an unusual clinical condition associated with poor outcomes. We report a case with myelomatous pleural effusion upon the presentation of the disease. The patient had multiple risk factors for inferior prognosis of multiple myeloma, including old age, immunoglobulin D (IgD) isotype, high lactate dehydrogenase, C‐reactive protein, β2‐microglogulin levels, and a high myeloma cell burden in the bone marrow. The myeloma cells in both bone marrow and pleural effusion had characteristic features of plasmablasts, including gigantic size, large and eccentrically placed nuclei, fine cytoplasm, and prominent nucleoli. Immunophenotypical analysis showed the plasmablastic cells in the pleural effusion were positive for surface CD38, cytoplasmic immunoglobulin, both κ and λ light chains but negative for surface CD19 or CD79a. Our experience suggests that the diagnosis of myelomatous pleural effusion should be made with clinical alertness and careful cytological examination, preferably supplemented by immunophenotypical analysis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tracking gene expression during zebrafish osteoblast differentiation
Authors: Li Nan , Felber Katharina , Elks Phil , Croucher Peter , Roehl Henry H.
Published: January 2009

The transcription factors RUNX2 and OSX have been shown to act sequentially to direct mammalian osteoblast differentiation. RUNX2 is required during the early stages of commitment and acts in part to activateOsxtranscription. OSX and RUNX2 then act to direct transcription of bone matrix proteins. Here, we investigate the expression of these genes and others during zebrafish osteoblastogenesis. Using whole‐mount in situ hybridization, we find that, during the formation of a given bone, the zebrafish homologues of mouseRunx2(runx2aandrunx2b) are typically expressed before the onset ofosx.osxexpression is usually followed by up‐regulation of the bone matrix proteins,col1a2andosteonectin. These results suggest that the mammalian pathway is conserved during development of the head and shoulder skeleton of zebrafish. We also analyze the expression of three atypical bone markers (tcf7,cvl2, andcol10a1) in an effort to place them within this canonical hierarchy. Developmental Dynamics 238:459–466, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FGF receptor dependent regulation of Lhx9 expression in the developing nervous system
Authors: Atkinson‐Leadbeater K. , Bertolesi G.E. , Johnston J.A. , Hehr C.L. , McFarlane S.
Published: January 2009

LIM‐homeodomain (LIM‐hd) proteins form a multifunctional family of transcription factors that plays critical roles in the development of progenitor and post‐mitotic cells. Considerable work has focused on what regulates their expression post‐mitotically in the spinal cord. However, little is known about what regulates LIM‐hd genes at earlier developmental stages. To address this question, we explored the role of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling in regulating the expression of a Xenopus laevis Lhx9 orthologue (XLhx9). XLhx9 is first expressed in the eye field and hindbrain, and when FGF receptor (FGFR) activation was inhibited prior to its onset, both brain and eye field expression was diminished. However, when FGFRs were inhibited after XLhx9 onset, retinal expression remained strong and brain expression was again diminished. These data suggest that while FGF signalling initiates and maintains brain XLhx9 expression, in the eye primordium the requirement of FGFs for expression is rapidly lost. Developmental Dynamics 238:367–375, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential expression of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptors 1‐5 in the developing nervous system
Authors: Meng H. , Lee V. M.
Published: January 2009

Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) binds to G protein–coupled receptors and can regulate a wide range of cellular functions. In a previous study, we isolated two key enzymes in the S1P pathway that were expressed in migrating neural crest cells. To determine if S1P receptors are present in neural crest cells or peripheral nervous system, we examine the expression patterns of S1P receptors (S1pr1‐5) in mouse, and s1pr1 and s1pr3 in chick embryos. Here, we present a comprehensive expression analysis of these receptors using in situ hybridizations, which provide spatiotemporal information. We showed that S1pr2 was expressed in migrating cranial neural crest cells and enteric neurons. S1pr1 was prominently expressed in the neuroepithelium whereas S1pr4 and S1pr5 were in neurons at later stages. On the contrary, S1pr3 was predominantly detected in non‐neuronal cells within and surrounding neural structures. We also described novel expression sites for S1P receptors in the developing nervous system. Developmental Dynamics 238:487–500, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Governing long‐term social–ecological change: what can the adaptive management and transition management approaches learn from each other?
Authors: Foxon Timothy J. , Reed Mark S. , Stringer Lindsay C.
Published: January 2009

Maintaining social welfare and opportunity in the face of severe ecological pressures requires frameworks for managing and governing long‐term social–ecological change. In this paper we analyse two recent frameworks, adaptive management and transition management, outlining what they could learn from each other. Though usually applied in different domains, the two conceptual frameworks aim to integrate bottom‐up and top‐down approaches, and share a focus on the ability of systems to learn and develop adaptive capacity whilst facing external shocks and long‐term pressures. Both also emphasize learning from experimentation in complex systems, but transition management focuses more on the ability to steer long‐term changes in system functions, whilst adaptive management emphasizes the maintenance of system functions in the face of external change. The combination of iterative learning and stakeholder participation from adaptive management has the potential to incorporate vital feedbacks into transition management, which in turn offers a longer‐term perspective from which to learn about and manage socio‐technical and social–ecological change. It is argued that by combining insights from both frameworks it may be possible to foster more robust and resilient governance of social–ecological systems than could be achieved by either approach alone. The paper concludes by critically reflecting upon the challenges and benefits of combining elements of each approach, as has been attempted in the methodology of a research project investigating social–ecological change in UK uplands. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
On the Effect of Coordination and Protonation Preferences in the Amphiphilic Behavior of Metallosurfactants with Asymmetric Headgroups (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 3/2009)
Authors: Lesh Frank D. , Hindo Sarmad Sahiel , Heeg Mary Jane , Allard Marco M. , Jain Prateek , Peng Bo , Hryhorczuk Lew , Verani Cláudio N.
Published: January 2009

The cover picture shows an artistic rendition of the main chemical motifs in the paper, namely, a metalloamphiphile, compression isotherms, and Brewster angle micrographs, along with model complexes with distinctive protonation states. Details are discussed in the article by C. N. Verani et al. on p. 345 ff.
Novel negatively charged tentacle‐type polymer coating for on‐line preconcentration of proteins in CE
Authors: Xu Liang , Dong Xiao‐Yan , Sun Yan
Published: January 2009

A novel negatively charged tentacle‐type polymer‐coated capillary column was fabricated and applied for on‐line extraction and preconcentration of proteins. The polymer coating was prepared by glycidyl‐methacrylate graft polymerization in a silanized capillary column and the following sulfonic acid group functionalization. It had high surface area and offered high phase ratio for protein adsorption. In addition, the polymer‐coated capillary column provided more stable EOF than a bare uncoated capillary. These features of the polymer coating facilitated the extraction of proteins through electrostatic interactions. This was used to extract proteins. The extracted analytes were then desorbed and focused by EOF in the direction opposite to the sample injection flow for subsequent CE. With this procedure, over 1500‐fold sensitivity enhancement was realized for myoglobin (MB) as compared with a normal capillary zone electrophoresis. By comparison of the peak areas of the enriched protein, it was found that the polymer‐coated column could capture proteins about 30 times more than the uncoated column. In addition, the separation of a protein mixture containing 0.4 μg/mL of MB and 0.4 μg/mL of insulin was demonstrated by the on‐line preconcentration and electrophoretic separation with the polymer‐coated column.
Implied deterministic volatility functions: An empirical test for Euribor options
Authors: Kuo I‐Doun , Wang Kai‐Li
Published: January 2009

This study proposes the implied deterministic volatility function (IDVF) for the volatility as the function of moneyness and time in the Heath, Jarrow, and Morton (1992) model to price and hedge Euribor options across moneyness and maturities from 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2005. The IDVF models are extended to two‐ and three‐factor models, indicating that they are potential candidates for interest rate risk management. Based on the criteria of in‐sample fitting, prediction, and hedging, it is found that two‐factor IDVF models provide the best in‐sample and prediction performance, whereas three‐factor IDVF models yield the best results for hedging. Correctly specified multifactor models with the volatility as the function of moneyness and time can replace inappropriate onefactor models. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 29:319–347, 2009
Decreased expression and promoter methylation of the menin tumor suppressor in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Cavallari Ilaria , Silic‐Benussi Micol , Rende Francesca , Martines Annalisa , Fogar Paola , Basso Daniela , Vella Manuela Della , Pedrazzoli Sergio , Herman James G. , Chieco‐Bianchi Luigi , Esposito Giovanni , Ciminale Vincenzo , D'Agostino Donna M.
Published: January 2009

Loss of menin, a tumor suppressor coded by the MEN1 gene, is a key factor in the pathogenesis of multiple endocrine neoplasia type I and in a percentage of sporadic endocrine tumors of the pancreas and parathyroid glands. This study investigated expression of the menin protein in the normal exocrine pancreas and in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common pancreatic tumor. Immunofluorescence (IF) analyses showed that menin is expressed at high levels in normal acinar and duct cells. Examination of 24 clinical samples of PDAC revealed a pronounced decrease in menin expression in all tumors examined. To identify alterations underlying this defect, we searched for disruption and epigenetic silencing of the MEN1 gene. Analysis of nine laser‐microdissected tumors revealed loss of heterozygosity of intragenic (one tumor) or adjacent (three tumors) MEN1 microsatellite markers. Methylation of CpG sites in the MEN1 promoter was documented in five of 24 tumors. IF analyses also revealed low to undetectable menin expression in the PDAC cell lines MiaPaCa‐2 and Panc‐1. Ectopic expression of menin in these cells resulted in a marked alteration of the cell cycle, with an increase in the G1/S+G2 ratio. These findings represent the first evidence that the MEN1 gene is a target of mutation and methylation in PDAC and that menin influences the cell cycle profile of duct cells. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss,Inc.
Adaptively weighted association statistics
Authors: LeBlanc Michael , Kooperberg Charles
Published: January 2009

We investigate methods for testing gene‐disease outcome associations in situations where the genetic relationship potentially varies among subjects with differing environmental or clinical attributes. We propose a strategy which modestly increases multiple testing by evaluating weighted test statistics which focus (or enrich) association tests within subgroups and use a Monte‐Carlo method, based on simulating from the approximate large sample distribution of the statistics, to control type 1 error. We also introduce a stage‐wise calculated test statistic which allows more complex weighting on multiple environmental variables. Results from simulation studies confirm improved power of the proposed approaches compared to marginal testing in many situations.Genet. Epidemiol. 33:442–452, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional α7‐containing nicotinic receptors of NG2‐expressing cells in the hippocampus
Authors: Vélez‐Fort Mateo , Audinat Etienne , Angulo María Cecilia
Published: January 2009

In the postnatal central nervous system, glial cells expressing the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan NG2 (NG2‐cells) constitute a cell population exhibiting several properties of oligodendrocyte precursors such as the ability to proliferate. One particular feature of NG2‐cells is that they express several glutamatergic and GABAergic ionotropic receptors activated by synaptic neurotransmitter release. Here, we used patch‐clamp recordings, immunostaining, calcium imaging, and intracellular labeling to test for the presence of ionotropic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in NG2‐cells identified in acute hippocampal slices of mice. We demonstrated that these cells express functional nAChRs during the second postnatal week, i.e., the period in which they become the most abundant proliferative cell type of CA1 stratum radiatum. Pharmacological experiments showed that NG2‐cells express α7‐containing nAChRs. In particular, the powerful positive allosteric modulator of these receptors PNU‐120596 induced a 20‐fold increase of agonist‐induced currents and revealed rises in intracellular calcium concentration upon agonist applications. In addition, nanomolar concentrations of nicotine, which did not induce any response in these cells, largely desensitized nAChR‐mediated currents. These data indicate that the functional expression of Ca2+‐permeable α7‐containing nAChRs in hippocampal slices is not restricted to neurons and that the receptors of NG2‐cells can be desensitized by low concentrations of nicotine. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conduction block and glial injury induced in developing central white matter by glycine, GABA, noradrenalin, or nicotine, studied in isolated neonatal rat optic nerve
Authors: Constantinou Stavros , Fern Robert
Published: January 2009

The damaging effects of excessive glutamate receptor activation have been highlighted recently during injury in developing central white matter. We have examined the effects of acute exposure to four other neurotransmitters that have known actions on white matter. Eighty minutes of Glycine or GABA‐A receptor activation produced a significant fall in the compound action potential recorded from isolated post‐natal day 10 rat optic nerve. This effect was largely reversed upon washout. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) or adrenoreceptor activation with noradrenalin resulted in an ∼35% block of the action potential that did not reverse during a 30‐min washout period. While the effect of nAChR activation was blocked by a nAChR antagonist, the effect of noradrenalin was not ablated by α‐ or β‐adrenoreceptor blockers applied alone or in combination. In the absence of noradrenalin, co‐perfusion with α‐ and β‐adrenoreceptor blockers resulted in nonreversible nerve failure indicating that tonic adrenoreceptor activation is required for nerve viability, while overactivation of these receptors is also damaging. Nerves exposed to nAChR + adrenoreceptor activation showed no axon pathology but had extensive glial injury revealed by ultrastructural analysis. Oligodendroglia exhibited regions of membrane vacuolization while profound changes were evident in astrocytes and included the presence of swollen and expanded mitochondria, vacuolization, cell processes disintegration, and membrane breakdown. Blinded assessment revealed higher levels of astrocyte injury than oligodendroglial injury. The findings show that overactivation of neurotransmitter receptors other than those for glutamate can produce extensive injury to developing white matter, a phenomenon that may be clinically significant. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
GDNF‐enhanced axonal regeneration and myelination following spinal cord injury is mediated by primary effects on neurons
Authors: Zhang Liqun , Ma Zhengwen , Smith George M. , Wen Xuejun , Pressman Yelena , Wood Patrick M. , Xu Xiao‐Ming
Published: January 2009

We previously demonstrated that coadministration of glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) with grafts of Schwann cells (SCs) enhanced axonal regeneration and remyelination following spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the cellular target through which GDNF mediates such actions was unclear. Here, we report that GDNF enhanced both the number and caliber of regenerated axons in vivo and increased neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGN) in vitro, suggesting that GDNF has a direct effect on neurons. In SC‐DRGN coculture, GDNF significantly increased the number of myelin sheaths produced by SCs. GDNF treatment had no effect on the proliferation of isolated SCs but enhanced the proliferation of SCs already in contact with axons. GDNF increased the expression of the 140 kDa neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in isolated SCs but not their expression of the adhesion molecule L1 or the secretion of the neurotrophins NGF, NT3, or BDNF. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that GDNF‐enhanced axonal regeneration and SC myelination is mediated mainly through a direct effect of GDNF on neurons. They also suggest that the combination of GDNF administration and SC transplantation may represent an effective strategy to promote axonal regeneration and myelin formation after injury in the spinal cord. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tripchlorolide protects neuronal cells from microglia‐mediated β‐amyloid neurotoxicity through inhibiting NF‐κB and JNK signaling
Authors: Pan Xiao‐Dong , Chen Xiao‐Chun , Zhu Yuan‐Gui , Chen Li‐Min , Zhang Jing , Huang Tian‐Wen , Ye Qin‐Yong , Huang Hua‐Pin
Published: January 2009

Recent research has focused on soluble oligomeric assemblies of β‐amyloid peptides (Aβ) as the proximate cause of neuroinflammation, synaptic loss, and the eventual dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, tripchlorolide (T4), an extract of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F (TWHF), was studied as a novel agent to suppress neuroinflammatory process in microglial cells and to protect neuronal cells against microglia‐mediated oligomeric Aβ toxicity. T4 significantly attenuated oligomeric Aβ(1‐42)‐induced release of inflammatory productions such as tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1β, nitric oxide (NO), and prostaglandin E2. It also downregulated the protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) in microglial cells. Further molecular mechanism study demonstrated that T4 inhibited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) without affecting I‐κBα phosphorylation. It repressed Aβ‐induced JNK phosphorylation but not ERK or p38 MAPK. The inhibition of NF‐κB and JNK by T4 is correlated with the suppression of inflammatory mediators in Aβ‐stimulated microglial cells. These results suggest that T4 protects neuronal cells by blocking inflammatory responses of microglial cells to oligomeric Aβ(1‐42) and that T4 acts on the signaling of NF‐κB and JNK, which are involved in the modulation of inflammatory response. Therefore, T4 may be an effective agent in modulating neuroinflammatory process in AD. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fatty liver is associated with insulin resistance, risk of coronary heart disease, and early atherosclerosis in a large European population #
Authors: Gastaldelli Amalia , Kozakova Michaela , Hφjlund Kurt , Flyvbjerg Allan , Favuzzi Angela , Mitrakou Asimina , Balkau Beverley
Published: January 2009

Patients with fatty liver (FL) disease have a high risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The aim was to evaluate the association between FL, insulin resistance (IR), coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, and early atherosclerosis in a large European population (RISC Study). In 1,307 nondiabetic subjects (age 30-60 years) recruited at 19 centers, we evaluated liver enzymes, lipids, insulin sensitivity (by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp), glucose tolerance (by 75 g oral glucose tolerance test), carotid atherosclerosis as intima media thickness (IMT), CHD risk by the Framingham Heart study prediction score, and physical activity (by accelerometer). The presence of FL was estimated using the fatty liver index (FLI; >60, likelihood >78% presence FL; FLI <20 likelihood >91% absence of FL). Subjects were divided into three groups: G1: FLI <20 (n = 608); G3: FLI >60 (n = 234), G2: intermediate group (n = 465). Compared to G1, G3 included more men (70% versus 24%) and people with impaired glucose tolerance (23% versus 5%). IMT increased with FLI (G3 = 0.64 ± 0.08 versus G1 = 0.58 ± 0.08 mm, P < 0.0001). FLI was associated with increased CHD risk (r = 0.48), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.33), alanine aminotransferase (r = 0.48), aspartate aminotransferase (r = 0.25), systolic blood pressure (r = 0.39) and IMT (r = 0.30), and reduced insulin sensitivity (r = −0.43), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = −0.50), adiponectin (r = −0.42), and physical activity (r = −0.16, all P < 0.0001). The correlations hold also in multivariate analysis after adjusting for age, gender, and recruiting center. Conclusion: In middle-age nondiabetic subjects, increased IMT, CHD risk, and reduced insulin sensitivity are associated with high values of FLI. (Hepatology 2009.)