bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applying Matching Coefficients in the 2D Stick-Model to Classify Human Motion: An Experimental Study in Applied Mathematics
Authors: Kadhum Shatha Abdul-Hussein
Published: November 2019

Recently, different techniques have been employed toward motion estimation. Some of these approaches include image based, model based, and silhouette based estimations. Despite their promising nature and outcomes, it remains notable that the techniques rely on motion data quality before producing optimal classification with precision and accuracy. Also, most of the existing algorithms have been complex relative to motion estimation, making interpretation challenging. Therefore, this study strived to respond to these dilemmas by modeling simple human motions through which various patterns of activity behavior could be recognized and aid in classification analyses. Three body components were used to develop the framework. These components included the lower body (LB), the upper body (UB), and the backbone (BB). Indeed, it was through these parts that a simple 2D human stick figure was formed. It is also notable that upon completion, the motion estimation mathematical model was compared to the performance of real motion phases to determine its efficiency in classification. The classifiers to which the model’s performance was compared included Rules and Tress, Misc, Meta, Function, Lazy, and Bayes classifiers. From the results, it was established that the 2D stick-model matching estimation was feasible and could be used to play a crucial rule in analyzing human motion classification.
Applying logarithmic density function to develop a segmentation model for intensity and noisy inhomogeneity images: towards informed decisions in computational and applied mathematics
Authors: Hamil Shahed Ali , Majeed Abdulrahman H.
Published: November 2019

This study examined the how a logarithmic intensity function could be used to develop a segmentation model for intensity and noisy homogeneity images. Whereas inhomogeneous images demand the use of local image data, it remains notable that it remains defective for noisy images. The eventuality is that active contour motions tend to be misguided by the local information. In the proposed model, the logarithmic function was able to capture minute details contained in selected images and also counter or ignore the perceived noise. As such, the model proved effective and robust, worth applying to such images. To verify the effectiveness of the model, its results were compared to the experimental outcomes previously reported after employing local Chan-Vese Model. Indeed, the proposed model exhibited superior performance in relation to the treatment of intensity and noisy inhomogeneity images.
Examining a Stretching and Shrinking Wedge to Determine the Predictive Role of Nanoparticles in Shaping Nanofluid Heat Transfer in Nano-Darcy Mixed Convective Settings
Authors: Salman Imad Kh , Almothafar Nuhad S.
Published: November 2019

The aim of this study was to determine how nanoparticles tend to affect the heat transfer and velocity parameters during nanofluid flow processes. The study gained insights from the context of Non-Darcy mixed convection systems. Also, a wedge was considered for investigation, with specific features under examination involving surface stretching and shrinkage. Also, the coordinate transformation technique was used to obtain ordinary differential equations, which were also obtained after the conversion of governing partial differential equations. Similar, the fourth order Runge Kutta technique was used to solve the transformed equations, complemented by the shooting technique. Upon achieving the temperature and velocity field results, they were presented both in tabular and graphical forms. The motivation was to provide room for studying the movement of water, gas, and oil through the gas field or oil reservoir, as well as water purification and groundwater migration. From the results, it was established that an increase in the rate of nanoparticles concentration heat transfer causes a decrease in the friction factor. On the other hand, an increase in nanoparticles concentration caused an increase in Nusselt number or the rate of heat transfer. Additional findings demonstrate that an increase in the suction parameter causes an increase in the rate of heat transfer, as well as the friction factor. Lastly, this study established that as the wedge angle increases, the Nusselt number or rate of heat transfer increases, with a similar trend observed regarding the correlation between the wedge angle and the friction factor.
Developing an Improved Grey Prediction Model for Application to Electricity Consumption Prediction: Toward Enhanced Model Accuracy
Authors: Rasheed Maryam K. , Majeed Abdulrahman. H.
Published: November 2019

In the economy, one of the crucial trends or processes that play an important role involves electricity consumption prediction. Indeed, forecasting the consumption of electricity with accuracy and precision paves the way for relevant policy makers to establish strategies for electricity supply. Despite this promising and beneficial effect of accurate forecasting, limited variables and data are unlikely to offer adequate data through which satisfactory prediction accuracy might be gained. Due to the need to address this dilemma, this study developed a novel model as an improvement of the grey forecasting model. The proposed framework combined the background value’s interpolation optimization (for the GM model) and the original data sequence’s data transformation. Also, cases studies were conducted to discern the proposed model’s prediction performance. From the findings, the proposed model outperformed most of the other grey-linked frameworks relative to the parameter of forecasting accuracy. Apart from forecasting accuracy, another parameter on which the proposed model exhibited superior results compared to grey modification frameworks and the traditional GM model involves the total electricity consumption. The implication is that the findings were informative and of practical importance whereby they would allow relevant agencies in the electricity sector to develop short-term plans or strategies (due to its electricity consumption prediction accuracy), even in situations where the source data is limited.
Applying NSGA-II to Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers: Insights from the Exergetic Optimization Perspective
Authors: Alshamusi Qusay K. Mojar , Al-Hayder Layth S. Jasim , Alshamsi Hassan A. Habeeb
Published: November 2019

This study employed a genetic algorithm technique to examine and predict how shell-and-tube heat exchangers’ performance regarding heat recovery could be improved. In particular, a multi-objective energy-based optimization algorithm was employed. Two major parameters that were investigated in relation to their potential moderating effect included cost and energy efficiency. Regarding the cost, the study examined specific parameters such as operating cost (energy expenditure accruing from pumping) and equipment capital spending (the surface area of the heat exchanger). Regarding the design parameters, issues that were analyzed included baffle cut ratio, baffle spacing ratio, tube length, tube pitch ratio, tube diameters, and tube arrangement. To ensure that an optimal heat exchange was designed, aspects of the coefficient of heat transfer and pressure drop were estimated using Bell-Delaware procedure and the ε – NTU method. To ensure that minimum total cost, minimum energy destruction, and maximum energy efficiency were obtained, NSGA-II algorithm was applied. In turn, Pareto optimal solutions were reported in the results. From the findings, it was evident that two objective functions conflicted and that a change in geometrical properties would decrease the exergy destruction (or increase the exergy efficiency), leading to increased total cost. In exergy destruction, the heat exchanger optimization relative to exergy analysis indicated that irreversibility such as high temperature differences between the cold and hot steam and pressure drop affect the nature of exergy destruction. As such, it was concluded that when the heat exchanger’s component efficiency is increased, its cost increases.
A Study of the Renewable Energy Unit with Uncertainty: Towards Reserve and Energy Capacity Co-Optimization
Authors: Abbass Husein Hadi , Hadi Noor AL Huda Salim
Published: November 2019

This study proposed a system model through which reserve and energy capacity could be dispatched. Moderating factors that were considered included unsteady power generation and uncertain load demand. The parameters considered centered on uncertainty in power demand management while considering environmental, user, and utility objectives. The proposed mode also considered day-ahead markets for electricity relative to power demand bid variation. In so doing, the model strived to generate certain amounts of the required energy, as well as reserve capacity. Furthermore, the model predicted any lost opportunity cost before incorporating the expected load that would go unreserved. The investigation culminated into the analysis of the impact of separate and combined energy dispatch and reserve on system outcomes. To address non linear cost curves, robust optimization technique was used to optimize the selected objective function. To conduct and evaluate the numerical outcomes, as well as the feasibility of the proposed framework, case analyses were conducted. From the simulation outcomes, the proposed scheduling model proved effective in such a way that it posed beneficial effects such as improved system stability and reduced cost.
An Empirical Approach towards Solar Energy Harvesting Optimization
Authors: Jamil Zeana Zaki , Hamed Mustafa Mohamed
Published: November 2019

To achieve a sustainable future, one of the trends that have been observed to play a crucial role involves renewable energy. In this field, developments have progressed rapidly, with solar energy on particular focus. However, most of the solar energy has failed to fulfill its expected potential due to two main reasons. These reasons include obstacles in the form of efficiency and performance limitations. In this study, the central purpose was to steer improvements in solar panel performance. In particular, the objective of the study was to identify and optimize the affecting parameters. Therefore, a mechanical system was established for holding and controlling the photovoltaic field’s orientation and tilt. To measure and store the system’s performance information, the study relied on an electrical system, as well as a data acquisition system. To determine the impact of the target parameters on output optimization and the yield response, the investigation relied on the Response Surface Methodology and a design of experiments. From the results, the study established that from the horizon, a 600 tilt would attract an optimal result. Also, an optimal result was achieved when the panel condition was clean and that from the south, an azimuth angle was set at 450. Lastly, there was no significant effect posed by the wind factor in the target and specified parameter ranges.
A Proposed Bio-Economic Model for the Prey-Predator Fishery Model with Harvesting: Toward Modeling Dynamics in Applied Mathematics
Authors: Ismaeel Moayad H. , Majeed Azhar Abbas
Published: November 2019

This study proposed and analyzed a mathematical model. The proposed model was used for studying the two-prey predator system dynamics in relation to the fishery model. One of the parameters that were considered involved the possible impact of harvesting on the target populations. In particular, ecological dynamics were studied relative to tilapia, cichlid, and the Nile perch as pre-predator systems. Through system non-dimensionalization, the study computed equilibrium points before obtaining the conditions for global and local instability. To achieve the local instability condition, the investigation used Routh-Hurwitz Criterion and eigenvalues approach. With appropriate Lyapunov function defined, the coexistence equilibrium was proved. In turn, there was the analysis of the bio-economic equilibrium before conducting numerical simulations to verify the analytical outcomes that the study obtained. From the numerical results, the study established that if tilapia and cichlid fishes are not overharvested, the three species are likely to coexist. The populations were observed to play a crucial role to the Nile perch population’s growth rate. Hence, the study’s proposed mathematical model proved informative in such a way that it paved the way for the fishery control management departments to avoid overharvesting tilapia and cichlid fishes.
Data Processing, Storage, and Analysis: Applying Computational Procedures to the Case of a Falling Weight Deflectomer (FWD)
Authors: Rashid Zaman Adel , Ahmed Buthainah A.A.
Published: November 2019

In the field of civil engineering, the adoption and use of Falling Weight Deflectometers (FWDs) is seen as a response to the ever changing and technology-driven world. Specifically, FWDs refer to devices that aid in evaluating the physical properties of a pavement. This paper has assessed the concepts of data processing, storage, and analysis via FWDs. The device has been found to play an important role in enabling the operators and field practitioners to understand vertical deflection responses upon subjecting pavements to impulse loads. In turn, the resultant data and its analysis outcomes lead to the backcalculation of the state of stiffness, with initial analyses of the deflection bowl occurring in conjunction with the measured or assumed layer thicknesses. In turn, outcomes from the backcalculation processes lead to the understanding of the nature of the strains, stresses, and moduli in the individual layers; besides layer thickness sensitivity, the determination of isotropic layer moduli, and establishing estimates in the subgrade CBR. Overall, impositions of elastic and low strain conditions foster the determination of resilient modulus and the analysis of unbound granular materials. Hence, FWD data processing, analysis, and storage gain significance in civil engineering because it informs the nature of designing new pavements and other rehabilitation design options.
An Application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) To the Backcalculation of Flexible Pavement Moduli
Authors: Aubdulnibe Faten Fakher , Jassim kassim A.
Published: November 2019

The role of a falling weight deflectometer (FWD) test lies in the capacity to measure pavement system responses in relation to transient loads. These loads are applied on surfaces of the pavements. A study by ARA Inc. & ERES Consultants Division (2004) indicated that the backcalculation of pavement layer moduli via FWD has continually gained adoption or wide employment, yet it has not gone without limitations. As concurred by Ceylan, Guclu, Tutumluer and Thompson (2005), FWD results are dependent on pavement response static analyses. Indeed, most of the previous studies highlight that the discrepancies between FWD test dynamic nature and the static assumption yield significant errors in moduli (Chatti, Ji & Harichandran, 2004). It has also been established that a number of dynamic solutions exist in relation to pavement response but computational complexities with which these approaches are associated imply that their application in programs of conventional backcalculation is impractical (Goel & Das, 2008). Indeed, it is the limitation of FWD results and the impractical nature of adopting dynamic solutions that have paved way for the application of artificial neural network technologies while seeking to address the backcalculation dilemma with precision. Artificial neural networks constitute simple processing element collections that are highly interconnected and, upon training, could aid in the approximation of inverse functions (Goktepe, Agar & Lav, 2006). Goktepe, Agar and Lav (2005) observed that the approximation is achieved via repeated shows of forward problem solutions. Gopalakrishnan (2010) avowed that the leading advantage associated with artificial neural networks (ANN) concerns the aspect of speed.
An Examination Of a Mathematical Framework for Geogrid Reinforcement on Sub-Base Layers: Insights from the Context of Houston, Texas
Authors: mawlood Ahmad , abied Malath sagban
Published: November 2019

The concept of pavement management has evolved overtime owing to the need for roadway, pavement, and pavement network repair and maintenance. Pavement management has also evolved due to growing concerns about the alarming rates at which some pavement systems have deteriorated, a trend which also compromises their durability. One of the areas that have received growing scholarly interest and research is the role of expansive soils. Indeed, expansive soils or clays exhibit extensive strength and volume changes relative to the amount of moisture content. In this study, the main aim is to find out the impact of expansive soils on pavement deterioration and management, with specific insight gained from the context of Houston, Texas.
Reviewing the Role of Mathematical Models in Enhancing Regional Pavement Management
Authors: Ahmed Hiba A. , Majeed Abdulrahman H.
Published: November 2019

Pavement management refers to a process through which roadway networks or facility maintenance and repairs are planned. According Abdulaziz, Taha, Kenawi and Kamel (2013), the main aim of this process is to ensure that an entire network’s pavement conditions are optimized. According to Aiswarya and Deepthi (2015), pavement management also refers to a program through which the performance and quality of pavements are improved; with Alawi and Rajab (2013) documenting further that the practice strives to ensure that through good management practices costs are minimized.
Synthesis and Characterization Structure and Physical Properties [ 50-xTiNi – x Ag] Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Farhan Fadhil K. , Mohammed Fadhil M. , Alsafy Ameer B.
Published: November 2019

In this research, a metal alloy was prepared and its structural and physiological properties were studied. The method of powder technology was used in mixing and mixing powders. The ratio of 1: 1 was mixed with 100 micron granular powder and nickel powder with granular size of 78 microns. The mixture was then reinforced with a nanocrystalline powder with a mixing ratio of 0%, 1%, 3%, 5% and 7%), where the powders were mixed in an effective mechanical mixing method at a rate of 350 rpm and 6 hours continuously. Physical tests (density, hardness, yield strength, young modulus) were performed. The electrical tests were carried out using four sensors (probs) such as resistivity and electrical conductivity, as well as structural tests such as X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed a significant improvement in the micro hardness values using Vickers hardness, which resulted in improved yield strength and young modulus respectively. The results of the test showed that the electrical conductivity properties showed a clear reduction in the resistivity values of the alloys supported by the nano-silver powder and an increase in the values of the electrical conductivity compared to the base alloy (nickel-titanium).
Compare Reflex-2D-dataanalysis with other programs in data processing
Authors: Al-Maqram Nisreen
Published: November 2019

This study was carried out through four tracks after adjusting the parameter parameters of the GPR device suitable for the soil quality to obtain the deepest possible depth, Three track, using an antenna (500 MHz) and one track using an antenna (250 MHz) In order to know the ability of the ground penetrating radar to detect and identify the features located under the ground of the university and knowledge The thickness of the pavement layers and the limitations of the site. The aim of the study was to compare Reflex program with the RAD Explorer program, This study demonstrated the efficiency of the RAD program for the Reflex program in data processing, detection of distortions accurately and also the technical efficiency (GPR) in the detection of erosion and soil-covered impacts without drilling.
Mechanical Properties of (PMMA/CaTiZrO5) the Biocompatible
Authors: Hattab Ali K. , Yusr Hashim Ali , Farhan Fadhil K.
Published: November 2019

In the present study, composites have been prepared with basis polymers reinforced with triple system of bio-ceramic (CaO, TiO2, ZrO2). The percentages of the weight have been ( 0%,2%,4%,6%,8% ). The method of mixing the manual fluid and the ultrasound technique to distribute the powder pre-prepared within the polymer to obtain the desired mechanical properties has been suitable for this purpose. Mechanical tests have been performed to determine the efficiency of the composites performance, the Included (Impact strength, hardness and wear resistance). The results have shown a significant improvement in the values of the impact energy and the hardness of the particulate as well as the high resistance to wear the composites compared to the base material. The results have been interpreted according to synthetic tests for the powder (X-ray, SEM, EDX).
The Bifurcation analysis of Prey-Predator Model in The Presence of Stage Structured with Harvesting and Toxicity
Authors: Majeed Azhar Abbas , Ismaeeb Moayad H.
Published: November 2019

For a mathematical model the local bifurcation like pitchfork, transcritical and saddle node occurrence condition is defined in this paper. With the existing of toxicity and harvesting in predator and prey it consist of stage-structured. Near the positive equilibrium point of mathematical model on the Hopf bifurcation with particular emphasis it established. Near the equilibrium point E0 the transcritical bifurcation occurs it is described with analysis. And it shown that at equilibrium points E1 and E2 happened the occurrence of saddle-node bifurcation. At each point the pitch fork bifurcation occurrence is not happened. For the occurrence of local bifurcation illustration there used some numerical simulation.
Manufacturing the Polymeric Metallic Connectors by the Investment Casting Method
Authors: Kadium Akeel Hssain , Ghazi Israa Faisal , Abdulwahid Qasim Saad
Published: November 2019

In this article, the problems that arise in the procedure of molding by the investment casting method are considered. Information about polymeric metallic materials, their application features is described. The important aspects of the quality of molding manufactures be investment casting method are considered. Some methods for improving the quality of products are proposed. The optimal technological process, to choose the size and number of ingredients of the molding mixture to recycle the shell forms as raw materials, has been found by field experiments and the obtained technological process was resource-saving, highly productive, with a lower cost of the produced details.
Preparation and improvement of Thermal Expansion Coefficient and Impact Strength of (PMMA\CaAl2O4) system
Authors: Farhan Fadhil K. , Thejeel Mohammed Abdul-nebi , Aoda Jafar F.
Published: November 2019

In this research, a biocompatible polymer system was developed with the body of the organism supported by a two-phase ceramic powder consisting of a mixture of calcium oxides and alumina powder. Samples were obtained using a fluid mixing method and using ultrasound technology to distribute the powder and spread it within the polymer (PMMA). The weight fraction used for reinforcement was (0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4%). The thermodynamic analysis technique (TMA) was used to complete and test the thermal expansion coefficient for a certain temperature range between 20-250 ° C where the results showed a significant improvement in thermal expansion coefficient at temperatures below 100 ° C for prepared composites at 3%wt. compared with that of the unsupported polymer showed a significant expansion at the same temperature range. Impact strength have measured by using Charpy test for all samples with a standard dimension of 5.5cm × 1cm×1cm. The pendulum angle was stabilized at 150 °, where all the prepared composite showed high impact strength, hardness and fracture toughness, respectively, compared with the polymer material. The tested powder was tested using x-ray diffraction as well as the scanning electron microscopy and x-ray dispersion spectrometry to determine the ratios and interacting compounds in the preparation of biochemical powder.
Poultry by-products as a basis of combined meat and vegetable feed for domestic animals
Authors: Khabibullin R , Khrundin D , Sabirzyanova R , Ezhkova G
Published: November 2019

The use of poultry by-products remains one of the urgent strategies of the economic efficiency increase for a variety of reasons. The most effective is the by-products processing into the meat and bone meal with a high content of amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals and consequently with high nutritional value. This meal may be used individually and as a basis of the combined feed for domestic animals. The possibility of using poultry by-products as a basis for feed of domestic cats and dogs was studied. The quantitative and qualitative assessment of carcass after the duck Anas platyrhynchos domesticus manual deboning was carried out, and the moisture, proteins and fats content was determined by conventional methods. It was shown that the duck carcass had high nutritional value and can be used as a basis for domestic animals feed. Drawing up a recipe of the combined feed including duck carcass meal, additional protein sources and natural vegetables was carried out. The developed calculation and optimization computer program “Optipet” for the combined feeds recipes optimization was used, which allowed to determine the minimum cost value of the combined feed as required by current law documentation.
Prospects of construction of facilities for processing and storage of radioactive waste of the NPP
Authors: Subbotin A , Grabilina Y , Dneprovskiy D
Published: November 2019

Use of nuclear fuel on the nuclear power plants (NPP) requires special attention at the further order of radioactive waste (RW). Therefore there is a requirement of innovative and perspective approaches of construction of facilities of processing and storage of RW to protect the environment from a large number of radiation. Relevant the question of prospects and new approaches to construction of these objects arises at design, construction and operation where high requirements of objects of nuclear sector are considered. Nuclear sector, occupies one of key positions in the 21st century. Solvable tasks in the field of the analysis of methods of processing and storage of radioactive waste of the NPP, will allow to make construction of facilities of nuclear power safer and eco-friendly that in the international practice is one of priority tasks for these objects.
The relevance of re-equipment of thermal power plants under solid waste fuel
Authors: Subbotin A , Trufilov I , Vovkogon D
Published: November 2019

The use of thermal power plants (TPPs) as energy facilities in world practice is the most popular way to generate electricity. Traditional fuel for these objects is used in the form of coal and gas. Also, in world practice, other types of fuel are used for TPPs, namely, municipal solid waste (MSW). The relevance of the research is the proposal for reliable and technological re-equipment of thermal power plants, thereby solving the problem of the environmental situation in the near radius of the construction of thermal power plants for the disposal of solid waste. The object of research is thermal power plants and their ability to re-equip. The main purpose of the research is to analyze the world and domestic experience in the implementation of solid waste as a fuel for thermal power plants and to offer current technological solutions.
Study on the sorption capacity of the adsorbent based on polyurethane and chitin to remove oil spills
Authors: Trang Y D T , Zenitova L A
Published: November 2019

Nowadays, oil and its derivatives were considered one of the major energies and they also have been one of the main sources of environmental pollution, especially for water pollution. The tendency in this time of researchers was to find new adsorption, that has high sorption capacity, economical and easy production. By accordance with the present trend, in this study, chitin was used with the dose up to 50% as a filler in the composition of adsorbents basic on polyurethane foam (PUF). The effect of the size (small size: 1-3 mm and large size: 5-10 mm) and the dose (10, 20 and 50%) of filler in the foaming composition to technological parameters of the collected adsorbent, as well as to its absorption capacity were investigated. The results showed that the adsorbents filling with a lower dose of chitin (10 and 20%) were better foaming than the one containing a higher dose of filler. At the same time, the adsorbents containing small chitin also formed the foam better than one filling large size. For 2 types of PUF, the adsorbent from elastic PUF has higher sorption capacity than the semi-elastic adsorbent with the same dose of the filler. For the results of sorption effectivity of the adsorbents presented that the adsorbent with the small size of filler observed greater the absorbency than the one with large size. In which, the elastic adsorbent containing 10% chitin with small size has the highest oil absorption capacity, which reached 13.13 g/g. To compare the sorption capacity of the adsorbent between relation to oil and water, it shown that its oil capacity is significantly higher than the sorption capacity of water.
Waste management system in the brewing industry
Authors: Zhichkin K , Nosov V , Zhichkina L
Published: November 2019

Waste management implies such an organization of an enterprise economic activity in which, at the lowest possible level of environmental pollution, an organization creates the prerequisites for efficient utilization, reuse and imparting additional useful properties to waste in order to obtain an additional economic effect. In the Samara region, significant financial resources are spent annually on waste disposal activities, which could be used to increase production efficiency in industry and agriculture. Only current costs of environmental protection from 2011 to 2016 increased from 7.3 to 10.3 billion rubles or by 41.0%. In addition to this, investments in fixed assets related to environmental protection amounted to 2.3 billion rubles in 2011, up to 5.9 billion rubles - in 2014. Among the various types of pollution, solid waste ranks second (about 30%). In the brewing industry, the main type of waste is brewery mash, formed from grain residues. To properly dispose of it, a large area for storing waste is required, and the possibility of use in the future as an organic fertilizer. All this requires significant capital and disposal costs. At the same time, the brewer can be used as a high-quality feed. The article proposes a waste management system that provides for the interaction of the beer industry enterprises with pig-breeding complexes. Activities include the use of brewery mash as a valuable feed for the replacement of concentrated feed. As a replacement result, daily gains increase by 5-7%.
Hydrothermal liquefaction-isomerization of biomass for biofuel production
Authors: Kotelev M , Tiunov I , Ivanov Evgenii , Namsaraev Z
Published: November 2019

During the last years, a lot of research activity has been devoted to a biomass conversion into liquid fuels. In order to produce fuels of the same quality as those obtained from crude oil, an appropriate conversion technology is required. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of biomass is a catalytic process that is considered to be a very promising technology for biofuel production. HTL products have a relatively high content of gasoline and diesel fractions, low oxygen content and high heating value. Moreover, HTL does not require a drying of the raw materials prior to conversion that allows a significant reduction of the price of the biofuel. We developed a new catalytic system for HTL, consisting of halloysite nanotubes as aluminosilicate carrier and strontium/titanium/tin oxide as an isomerizing component. Due to the sufficiently high specific surface area of halloysite nanotubes, a higher content of gasoline fraction in biocrude products was achieved. In addition, the introduction of the isomerizing component significantly increased the octane number of the gasoline fraction.
Functional beverages containing pectin from different raw material
Authors: Limareva N , Donchenko L , Malaknov V , Semenova E
Published: November 2019

The article presents the results of experimental studies on the development of new types of pectin-containing beverages. Vegetable and berry juice, liquid pectin and natural flavor are selected as a recipe basis of drink. The results of study of chemical composition of the developed beverages showed that the recipe ratio of the selected raw materials provides an optimal ratio of physiologically active components, giving them functional properties. Such data provides a basis for their inclusion in the human diet to reduce the number of alimentary diseases.
Silica extraction from integrated refinery of rice straw for production of value-added products
Authors: Dinh Cuong Thai , Duy Hung Nguyen , Le Quang Dien , Zenitova Lubov A. , Trung Thanh Nguyen
Published: November 2019

Rice straw is an agricultural residue from rice production, which can be a potential lignocellulosic feedstock for various value-added products. In this study, silica was extracted from the rice straw. The biomass was pre-treated with ethanol and was cooked with 18% w/w sodium hydroxide to extract lignin and silica. The silica was precipitated from the alkaline solution using 30% sulfuric acid to pH 11.5 and was recovered through centrifugation. The obtained solid was washed and then combusted at 575 °C for 6 hours. The obtained ash was dissolved in sodium hydroxide solution at pH 8.0 and then re-precipitated by sulfuric acid to form silica powder, which obtained a yield of about 6.7% w/w dry rice straw. The characteristics of amorphous disk-formed silica, determined using XRD, SEM, EDS, and FT-IR.
Glycerol modifier influence on interfacial activity of bentonite during the adsorption of o-toluidine
Authors: Kosarev A V , Tikhomirova E I , Politaeva N A , Podolsky A L
Published: November 2019

This paper is devoted to the study of changes in the surface activity of systems containing unmodified bentonite and bentonite modified with glycerol additives upon adsorption of o-toluidine. A relationship between surface activity and the value of o-toluidine adsorption on modified aluminosilicate was obtained. It is shown that the presence of a modifier-glycerol in the adsorption system enhances the process of lowering the surface tension.
The use of clays materials of the Tyumen region in the treatment of natural and waste water
Authors: Zagorskaya A , Pimneva L
Published: November 2019

An assessment was made of the ecological status of water bodies in the South of the Tyumen Region, which play a significant role in the region’s water use and are sources of drinking and industrial water supply. The hydrochemical characteristics of natural waters and the water use conditions that determine the indicators of water quality in water bodies and streams are considered. Critical levels of pollution have been established for zinc, copper, manganese, iron, cadmium, chromium, nickel and aluminum in all water bodies of the Tyumen region. The reasons for optimizing the purification processes at the existing water supply and wastewater treatment facilities in the region are given. The structure and chemical composition of clay materials of the Tyumen region was studied. The efficiency of extraction of nickel ions of kaolin, montmorillonite and mixed kaolin and montmorillonite clays has been investigated. The quantitative characteristics of the process of nickel ion adsorption on all the presented natural clays are obtained. It is established that the mixed natural clay has higher values of exchange capacity in relation to nickel ions. It is noted that the description of the adsorption equilibrium corresponds to the Langmuir model. The possibility of using kaolinite, montmorillonite and mixed clays as a reagent for purifying natural and waste waters at the existing treatment facilities of the Tyumen region is presented.
Liquidation of oil spills using a sorbent based on chitosan
Authors: Quynh Anh Quyen Thi , Zenitova L A
Published: November 2019

The development of a sorbent for the oil spill treatment based on polyurethane foam and chitosan. Chitosan is a polysaccharide – an insoluble fiber type – derive from chitin which is found in the shells of some marine life such as shrimp, lobster and crab. It is also found in some types of edible fungi and insects.

Carry out a research into the technology of polyurethane foam filling with chitosan in the amount of 20% and 50% by mass. Elastic and semi-elastic polyurethane foam was used as a polymer matrix of the sorbent. Sorbents with 20% chitosan by mass have the best oil absorbent capacity. Absorbent capacity of the sorbent based on elastic polyurethane foam, full filled with chitosan, soluble in acid, is ∼ 12, 65 g / g, and the semi-elastic sorbent, full filled with chitosan, soluble in acid, is ∼ 6.12 g / g. Regardless of the polymer matrix type, the sorbent has a high buoyancy (does not sink in the carbonated state), and the full saturation of the sorbent with oil occurs almost for the first 15 to 20 minutes
Deactivation of the catalytic complex of obtaining alkylbenzenes by oxygenate compounds
Authors: Bayguskarova E , Mukhamedzyanov R , Vasilyeva E , Akhmedyanova R
Published: November 2019

The possibility of environmentally safe and energy-saving deactivation of the catalytic complex based on aluminum chloride used in the process of alkylation of benzene with olefins, oxygenate compounds – epoxy soybean oil, propylene oxide and isopentane oxidation products is shown. It has been established that the deactivating ability increases in the series: oxygenates → propylene oxide → epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO).
Increasing the Waste Management Efficiency in the Arctic Zone of Russia through the Projects of Eco-Industrial Parks’ Development
Authors: Liubarskaia M , Tsurkan M , Artemiev A
Published: November 2019

The relevance of the study is due to the waste management and environmental safety issues at the territory of the Arctic zone of Russia. Some of these problems could be solved in the process of creating and operating of eco-industrial parks on the basis of a project approach. The purpose of the article is to systematize the ideas on the possibilities of applying project management for the development of eco-industrial parks in the Arctic zone of Russia. The article clarifies the concept of “eco-industrial park” in the framework of relevant Russian legislation and practice. The classification of eco-industrial parks has been developed taking into account different characteristics, including content of main waste flow and type of processing technology. The main challenges for the implementation of the project approach on the territory of the Arctic zone of Russia are indicated. The results of the research are of practical importance for public authorities, the governing body and residents of eco-industrial parks, specialists in the field of waste management, scientists studying the environmental and economic aspects of the Arctic zone of Russia.
A study of the chemical composition and antioxidant properties of products of wild berries processing
Authors: Nilova L , Malyutenkova S , Ikramov R
Published: November 2019

The article presents the results of studies of the chemical composition and composition of individual antioxidants of bilberries and lingonberries and their marc, which are waste products after squeezing the juice from the berries. The yield of juice from berries averaged 64%. Dry substances, acidity, composition of sugars, pectin substances and individual antioxidants - total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins were determined in berries and in the marc. During squeezing of the juice, a redistribution of chemical components was occurred with a predominance of total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids and total anthocyanins in the marc. As a result, the marc showed higher antioxidant properties than juices, which were investigated using the DPPH and FRAP methods. The antioxidant properties of the marc are due to the transition in them of anthocyanins, which make up 64% and 59%, respectively, of their total amount in bilberries and lingonberries. The correlation between DPPH and FRAP tests for anthocyanins was more than 0.952.
Development of territorial scheme of municipal solid wastes treatment in Tyumen region
Authors: Gaevaya E , Tarasova S , Udartseva O
Published: November 2019

At the present time the majority of wastes have negative influence on the environment. At the same time, about 70% of wastes can be used repeatedly, as raw material, transforming them into new products and materials. Russia possesses the existing and commissioned waste recycling and waste burning plants. But only 3-15% of municipal solid waste are utilized. Moreover, many of these plants are not loaded at full capacity or have to buy the wastes abroad. This is due to the fact that Russia still doesn’t have effective system of wastes treatment – separate collection and following utilization or waste neutralization. To prevent the increase of areas of used municipal solid waste fields and unauthorized dumps, it’s required to track the full chain of wastes movement from the place of their formation to the place of their dumping.
Justification of methodological approaches to standardisation of irrigation as an element of resource saving and minimization of the anthropogenic load on agrobiocenosis
Authors: Olgarenko G , Olgarenko V , Olgarenko I , Olgarenko V I
Published: November 2019

The analysis shows that the value of agricultural crops’ evapotranspiration is influenced by many non-linearly changing factors in the closed system “soil - plant - atmosphere”. Therefore, the method of determining evapotranspiration is complemented by computational models, with the help of which evapotranspiration is determined with a sufficient degree of accuracy from the results of actual observations, including the hydrometeorological parameters of the corresponding irrigated areas, followed by comparison of these values with data obtained when determining potential evapotranspiration on the existing networks of hydrometeorological and water balance stations. As a result of research, empirical dependencies of multivariate determination of evapotranspiration, as well as on moisture reserves in the calculated soil layer and potential evapotranspiration, were established, taking into account the growth and development phases and the microclimatic coefficient of the summer planting period. The above methodological approach substantiates the new water and energy saving methods of forecasting, planning of irrigation processes of agricultural crops and operation-al management based on the spatial and temporal variability of hydrometeo parameters and actual moisture reserves in the calculated soil layer for the conditions of use of livestock waste.
The role of waste banks in the reduction of solid waste sent to landfill in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Budihardjo M A , Wahyuningrum I F S , Muhammad F I , Pardede R
Published: November 2019

Approximately 1,000 tonnes of solid waste are generated in Semarang every day, only 850 tonnes of which are transferred to the Jatibarang Landfill. Solid waste that is not transferred to the landfill can trigger environmental and health problems. With the help of community groups, reduction of solid waste is achievable using ‘the three Rs’ of waste reduction and the implementation of waste banks. Waste banks could act as mediums for depositing waste, improve the socio-economic status of local residents, and develop community connections. Waste banks improve the volume of waste reduction and reduce landfilled waste, helping to extend the operational life of landfills. This study examined the role of waste banks in Semarang and the potential to improve waste management based on the sampling of solid waste generation and composition. This topic was investigated with a purposive sampling method. Results showed that the existing system of waste banks in Semarang is ineffective in reducing waste. However, the system could be improved by increasing waste bank usage, including for various types of valuable waste in Semarang.
Efficiency of chemical ameliorants for reclamation of bore mud and solonetzic soils of Siberia and Ural
Authors: Scipin L , Scipin D , Petukhova V , Monakhova Z
Published: November 2019

The problem of solonetzic soils fertility is still one of the most important in the country. The areas of Siberia and Ural make up about 10 million hectares. To improve chemical properties of solonetz, chemical method of amelioration is applied. It’s possible to use this method on the bore muds. Number of mud storage pits only in Khanty-Mansisk is about three thousand. On Yamal the situation is the same. As ameliorants-coagulants in the conditions of Siberia and Ural their natural reserves, wastes of mining and chemical industry can be used. The method of tubes was used for the comparative analysis of the studied ameliorants. Equal soil and bore mud samples with increasing doses of coagulants allow to assess maximal filterability of solonetz, bore mud and reveal their optimal dose. The studies have shown that choice of ameliorant-coagulant is mostly determined by the chemism of soil and bore mud salinization, and also content of exchangeable sodium in soil adsorption complex. As promising ameliorants-coagulants we should consider the wastes of chemical industry – phosphogypsum, and as raw material of mining industry – gypsum, carnallite, calcium chloride.
Ecological, biotechnological and economic aspects of wheat grain processing
Authors: Jarkova I , Slepokurova J , Alekhina N , Samokhvalov A
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to the consideration of issues related with finding ways how to reduce the environmental burden in the wheat grain processing. Based on the analysis of the current state and prospects for the development of the grain processing, flour and bakery industries, the prospect of finding technological solutions for the processing of wheat grain, precluding the formation of bran as a by-product, is substantiated. It has been shown that, due to its chemical composition, wheat bran is a valuable ingredient from a biomedical point of view for inclusion in the diet of a modern person. It is noted that currently used in the baking industry for the enrichment of high-grade wheat flour with dietary fiber and bran can not be called the best from an economic point of view, since they lead to a significant increase in the cost of the final product for the consumer. The authors proposed the most rational from an environmental and nutritional points of view, the method of processing wheat grain, the technology of grain bread of high nutritional value from bioactivated wheat. Due to the process of bioactivation, the content of phytin in the grain is reduced by 75% compared with the original, that allows increasing the bioavailability of the mineral substances of bread for the human body to assimilate. Economic calculations have shown the advantage of the proposed technology of “Bioamarant” bread compared to a wheat flour product containing wheat diet bran (“Dairy-bran bread”): the cost is lower by 19.54%. When producing bread from bioactivated wheat in the amount of 22.5 tons / day, 13.4 tons of wheat should be spent. That is, the absence of the process of grinding this amount of wheat grain prevents the formation of 2.5 tons of bran per day, as well as the formation of emissions into the atmosphere in the amount of 3.2-6.5 tons (in terms of a year) of harmful substances, which will certainly allow reduce environmental stress.