bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exceptions to the Nemo Dat Rule
Authors: Bridge Michael , Gullifer Louise , Lomnicka Eva
Published: October 2024

This chapter discusses various exceptions to the nemo dat principle arising from case law, statute, or a mixture of the two. The priority of a person who, in good faith, acquires a legal interest without notice of a prior equitable interest is discussed in relation to priority contests between various security interests. Priority contests involving quasi-security interests are discussed in relation to the rule in Dearle v Hall (in relation to assignments of receivables and other assignable rights) and the statutory exceptions to the nemo dat rule in the Sale of Goods Act 1979 and other related statutes. There is a discussion of various statutory provisions which provide that priority between security interests is determined by the date of registration. The rule against tacking, and its effect on future advances, is examined, as is the law relating to priority agreements.
Enforcement of True Security Interests
Authors: Bridge Michael , Gullifer Louise , Lomnicka Eva
Published: October 2024

This chapter deals with enforcement of security interests (as opposed to quasi-security interests). It first discusses the marshalling of assets so that a senior secured creditor with more than one security may be required to enforce against assets other than those held in favour of a junior secured creditor. Following this, enforcement of possession security interests (pledge and lien) is examined. In relation to consensual non-possessory interests (mortgage and charge) each method of enforcement is discussed separately. Foreclosure and appropriation, as methods which are restricted to certain types of security arrangement, are critically examined, and specific remedies available to a creditor with security over aircraft are discussed. The more general rights of a secured creditor to appoint a receiver, to take possession, and to sell the mortgaged or charged assets are examined in detail, with particular attention paid to the duties of the enforcing party. There is a brief discussion of enforcement of non-consensual security interests.
Conflict of Laws
Authors: Bridge Michael , Gullifer Louise , Lomnicka Eva
Published: October 2024

Security rights may be affected by the conflict of laws dimension, both when it comes to the applicable law of a contract but, more particularly, the law that applies to priority matters. This dimension arises when a transaction contains a sufficient foreign element (affecting parties, assets, or the transaction itself). In this latter case, it will usually be the lex situs of the asset, a notion that has an attenuated meaning in the case of intangible assets. Particular types of asset are dealt with, such as financial collateral, negotiable instruments, and company shares. The capacity to grant security and the requisite formalities are both discussed. Cross-border measures are considered. So too are the issues presented by multi-tiered holdings. Various international conventions are also discussed.
Development of a new tool to detect Melampsora medusae f.sp. tremuloidae causing rust disease on Populus tremuloides
Authors: Guinet Cécile , Buronfosse Marius , Tanguay Philippe , Frey Pascal , Ioos Renaud
Published: October 2024

Melampsora medusae f. sp. tremuloidae is a quarantine organism for the EU. In North America, this fungus causes rust disease on Populus tremuloides. In Europe, Populus tremula, an aspen closely related to P. tremuloides, is widespread and plays an important ecological role. Introduction of M. medusae f. sp. tremuloidae into Europe could be a major risk if this forma specialis could evolve and become virulent on P. tremula. To date no PCR-based assay exists to specifically detect M. medusae f. sp. tremuloidae. In this study, a sensitive and specific real-time PCR assay has been developed based on the 28S rDNA. The assay proved to be reliable using many real-time PCR kits and platforms. It can be used to monitor the introduction and the spread of M. medusae f. sp. tremuloidae in the context of phytosanitary regulations.
Radiographic Features of Modern Thoracic Devices in Adults: Part 2
Authors: Moradiya Krunal R. , Karandikar Aditya , Dalal Ishani
Published: October 2024

In part 1 of this 2-part series, multiple thoracic devices were discussed in regard to their function, associated complications, and radiographic features. Both traditional and novel thoracic devices were reviewed to showcase their heterogeneity. In this second article, additional thoracic devices will be discussed, with a particular focus on cardiac and vascular devices. MRI safety considerations also are briefly reviewed.
Mindfulness Exercises Reduce Acute Physiologic Stress Among Female Clinicians
Authors: Wolfe Amy H. J. , Hinds Pamela S. , du Plessis Adre J. , Gordish-Dressman Heather , Freedenberg Vicki , Soghier Lamia
Published: October 2024

IMPORTANCE:

Approximately 50% of clinicians experience excessive emotional, physical, and mental stress, with repercussions across the entire medical system. Mindfulness exercises may mitigate this excessive stress. Heart rate variability (HRV) is an objective stress measure that can quantify which mindfulness exercises provide the greatest stress reduction.

OBJECTIVES:

To define the impact of specific mindfulness exercises on HRV, a surrogate for physiologic stress, and the relationship between physiologic (HRV) and subjective stress measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory during a one-day mindfulness workshop.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:

This was a prospective observational pilot study performed at a quaternary children’s hospital with diverse subspecialists of pediatric nurses, nurse practitioners, and physicians.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:

Our primary outcome measure was change in HRV from baseline during three mindfulness exercises.

RESULTS:

The grounding, deep breathing, and body scan exercises all produced statistically significant changes in HRV among our 13 female participants. The body scan exercise produced statistically significant changes in all studied HRV parameters compared with baseline. We observed significant increases in Root Mean Square of Successive Differences between normal heartbeats (p = 0.026), high frequency (p ≤ 0.001), and the parasympathetic nervous system index (p ≤ 0.001) reflecting increased parasympathetic tone (e.g., relaxation), whereas sd 2/sd 1 ratio (p ≤ 0.001) and the stress index (p = 0.004) were decreased reflecting sympathetic withdrawal (e.g., decreased stress). Subjective stress decreased after 1-day mindfulness training (44.6 to 27.2) (p < 0.001). Individuals with the largest decrease in subjective stress also had the most improvement in HRV during the body scan exercise.

CONCLUSIONS:

Clinician stress levels (HRV) improved after participating in grounding, deep breathing, and body scan meditations, which may highlight their importance as stress reduction tools for clinicians. Monitoring of HRV during mindfulness exercises may provide deeper understanding of which specific exercises produce the greatest physiologic stress reduction for individual participants and the trend of these changes over time.
Effectiveness of Mobile Application–Based Intervention on Medication Adherence Among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
Authors: Syahrul Syahrul , Irwan Andi Masyitha , Saleh Ariyanti , Syam Yuliana , Fiqri Andi Muhammad , Jannah St. Nurfatul
Published: October 2024

Objectives

To analyze the effectiveness of mobile application–based interventions on medication adherence among pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

Eligibility Criteria

Intervention articles involving patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and/or their families, utilizing mobile application–based intervention research designs, assessing patients individually or in groups with or without a control group, using mobile application–based interventions that can be accessed via a browser, utilizing adherence to treatment as the primary outcome, and written in English and Indonesian were included.

Information Sources

The articles published from 2012 to 2022 were obtained from EBSCO Host, ProQuest, GARUDA, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Online Library databases.

Risk of Bias

The Critical Assessment Standards Program was used to assess the trustworthiness, relevance, and results of the published articles. The quality of the articles was assessed according to Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice guidelines.

Results

Seven studies reported that mobile application–based interventions can improve medication adherence, including treatment success, number of missed drugs, correct intake of medications, adherence to health programs, timeliness, and frequency of clinic visits.

Discussion

This review only analyzed the impact of mobile application–based interventions on patients, and their effects on the family, social, and health services were not covered.
TEMPORARY AMNIOTIC MEMBRANE GRAFT PLACEMENT FOR TREATMENT OF REFRACTORY MACULAR HOLES
Authors: Trivedi Vichar , You Qisheng , Me Rao , Lee Patrick SY , Le Kim , Tran David , Lin Xihui
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

To report two patient cases demonstrating the management of refractory macular holes through the application of temporary thin amniotic membrane grafts, followed by subsequent graft removal upon achieving hole closure.

Methods:

Comprehensive chart and literature review was conducted utilizing the PubMed database.

Results:

We describe two patients who underwent repeat pars plana vitrectomy for treatment of refractory macular holes. In both cases, the epi-retinal placement of a thin amniotic membrane graft (AMG) was done to achieve hole closure. Following a period of retinal stabilization, the amniotic membranes were removed due to the healthy appearance of the outer retinal layers and the ellipsoid zone, ultimately resulting in an improved final visual acuity in both patients.

Conclusion:

This case series demonstrates a new approach of using a temporary AMG to close refractory macular holes. After graft removal, both patients reported enhanced visual acuity and subjective visual improvement, accompanied by the stable closure of macular holes on serial OCT scans.
Complicated cardiac arrest and its resuscitation characteristics in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage: Chinese Stroke Center Alliance
Authors: Lu Ping , Cui Lingyun , Gu Hongqiu , Li Zixiao , Ju Yi , Wang Yongjun , Zhao Xingquan , Wang Wenjuan
Published: October 2024

Objective

Cardiac arrest (CA) is one of the most severe complications in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), increasing the risk of death. This study explored the factors influencing CA occurrence and its resuscitation characteristics in ICH patients.

Methods

Data were retrieved from the Chinese Stroke Center Alliance database. The primary outcome was CA, and the secondary outcomes were in-hospital death and survival post-CA. Absolute standardized and rate differences were utilized for intergroup comparisons, while logistic regression was employed for correlation analysis.

Results

A total of 85,105 patients were enrolled in this study. Among them, 1651 (1.9%) patients experienced CA, of whom 1032 (62.5%) died in hospital. At baseline, prehospital notification from the emergency medical service system (PRE-EMS) was a co-factor influencing CA occurrence and the presence of a death outcome (OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.47-1.98, p < 0.001; OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.41-0.62, p < 0.001). In terms of complications, post-hospital hematoma expansion and swallowing dysfunction were co-factors influencing CA occurrence and the presence of a death outcome (OR: 3.78, 95% CI: 3.20-4.47, p < 0.001, OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.11-1.76; p < 0.001; OR: 7.66, 95% CI:5.48-10.70, p < 0.001, OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.08-2.57, p < 0.001). The incidence of CA in ICH patients decreased annually from 2015 to 2019, while survival after CA increased annually (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

PRE-EMS, posthospital hematoma expansion, and swallowing dysfunction were identified as co-factors contributing to CA occurrence and post-CA mortality following ICH. The proportion of CA patients following ICH decreased, while survival rates improved annually from 2015 to 2019.
Machine Perfusion or Straight to Transplant? Predictive Value of Flavin Mononucleotide Levels in Flush Solution of Human Liver Allograft
Authors: Ali Khaled , Cazzaniga Beatrice , Liu Qiang , Miyazaki Yuki , Tuul Munkhbold , Raj Roma , Hussein Ahmed , Wehrle Chase , Zhang Mingyi , Calderon Esteban , Kusakabe Jiro , Shanmugarajah Kumaran , Wakam Glenn , Khalil Mazhar , Pita Alejandro , Aucejo Federico , MD Choon David Kwon , Kim Jaekun , Fujiki Masato , Miller Charles , Quintini Cristiano , Schlegel Andrea , Hashimoto Koji
Published: October 2024

Objective:

This study examined the predictive value of Flavin Mononucleotide (FMN) levels in the flush solution used during cold storage of donor livers on outcomes post-transplantation.

Background:

Static cold storage for liver grafts induces hypoxia with subsequent impaired mitochondrial function and Flavin Mononucleotide (FMN) release upon reperfusion.

Methods:

This study enrolled 62 recipients who received whole liver grafts from donation after brain death (n=50) and circulatory death donors (n=12) between June 2022 and July 2023. FMN concentrations were measured in flush solutions on the back-table. ROC-curve analysis identified an FMN level cut-off for graft survival. Post-transplant outcomes were examined according to FMN levels.

Results:

FMN level was significantly associated with graft survival, with an area-under-the-curve (AUC) of 0.858 (95%CI: 0.754-0.963, P<0.001), outperforming the donor risk index (AUC 0.571, 95%CI: 0.227-0.915, P=0.686). The study cohort was divided into low-FMN (<37.5 ng/mL, n=40) and high-FMN groups (≥37.5 ng/mL, n=22). The low-FMN group had superior one-year graft survival compared with the high-FMN group (100% vs. 77%, P=0.003). Levels of transaminases within 7 days post-transplant were significantly higher in the high-FMN group (P=0.003). The high-FMN group developed acute rejections (41% vs. 15%, P=0.023) and early allograft dysfunction (50% vs. 20%, P=0.014) more frequently. Median comprehensive complication index in the high-FMN group was significantly higher (54 [interquartile range, 40-78] vs. 42 [interquartile range, 28-52], P=0.017).

Conclusion:

The FMN level measured in donor livers’ cold storage flush solution is a valid biomarker to predict post-transplant outcomes. Liver grafts with high FMN levels may benefit from machine perfusion to improve outcomes.
Paracoccus actinidiae sp.nov., a novel bacterium isolated from kiwi tree rhizosphere soil
Authors: Xu Chenqi , Peng Han , Li He , Xie Xinran , Chen Siwei , Dai Junhao , Ren Hong
Published: October 2024

Strain M09T was isolated from the rhizoshere of kiwi fruit trees from an orchard located in Fangshan, Beijing, PR China (39° 49′ 25.1″ N, 116° 4′ 44.5″ E,). It is a short rod-shaped, Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterium that tests positive for both oxidase and catalase. The strain exhibited growth within the temperature range of 15–45 °C (optimal growth at 30 °C) and the pH range of 4.0–10.0 (optimal growth at pH 7.0) and without NaCl. It also grew in a sodium chloride-free nutrient agar (NA) medium. The results of phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that M09T represents a member of the genus Paracoccus and shares high similarity with Paracoccus everestensis S8-55T (98.46%) and Paracoccus aerius 011410T (97.58%). The average nucleotide identity values between M09T and P. everestensis S8-55T, P. aerius 011410T, Paracoccus marinaquae X HP0099T and Paracoccus fontiphilus MVW-1T were 95.56, 84.51, 79.83 and 83.68%, respectively. The digital DNA–DNA hybridisation values between between M09T and P. everestensis S8-55T, P. aerius 011410T, P. marinaquae X HP0099T and P. fontiphilus MVW-1T were 56.40, 29.30, 21.60 and 28.60%, respectively. The major fatty acids identified were C10 : 0 3-OH (51.8%) and C18 : 1ω7c (35.5%). The major respiratory quinone was Q-10, with Q-8 present as a minor component. Polar lipids were mainly comprised of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Genome sequencing revealed that the strain has a DNA G+C content of 64.31 mol%. On the basis of this comprehensive taxonomic characterisation data, M09T represents a novel species within the genus Paracoccus and has been named Paracoccus actinidiae sp. nov. The type strain is designated as M09T (=GDMCC 1.4157T=KCTC 8143T).
Comparison of direct cDNA and PCR-cDNA Nanopore sequencing of RNA from Escherichia coli isolates
Authors: Rodger Gillian , Lipworth Samuel , Barrett Lucinda , Oakley Sarah , Crook Derrick W. , Eyre David W. , Stoesser Nicole
Published: October 2024

Whole-transcriptome (long-read) RNA sequencing (Oxford Nanopore Technologies, ONT) holds promise for reference-agnostic analysis of differential gene expression in pathogenic bacteria, including for antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). However, direct cDNA ONT sequencing requires large concentrations of polyadenylated mRNA, and amplification protocols may introduce technical bias. Here we evaluated the impact of direct cDNA- and cDNA PCR-based ONT sequencing on transcriptomic analysis of clinical Escherichia coli. Four E. coli bloodstream infection-associated isolates (n=2 biological replicates per isolate) were sequenced using the ONT Direct cDNA Sequencing SQK-DCS109 and PCR-cDNA Barcoding SQK-PCB111.24 kits. Biological and technical replicates were distributed over eight flow cells using 16 barcodes to minimize batch/barcoding bias. Reads were mapped to a transcript reference and transcript abundance was quantified after in silico depletion of low-abundance and rRNA genes. We found there were strong correlations between read counts using both kits and when restricting the analysis to include only ARGs. We highlighted that correlations were weaker for genes with a higher GC content. Read lengths were longer for the direct cDNA kit compared to the PCR-cDNA kit whereas total yield was higher for the PCR-cDNA kit. In this small but methodologically rigorous evaluation of biological and technical replicates of isolates sequenced with the direct cDNA and PCR-cDNA ONT sequencing kits, we demonstrated that PCR-based amplification substantially improves yield with largely unbiased assessment of core gene and ARG expression. However, users of PCR-based kits should be aware of a small risk of technical bias which appears greater for genes with an unusually high (>52%)/low (<44%) GC content.
Barley is a potential trap crop for root parasitic weeds broomrapes
Authors: Inoue Maiko , Xie Xiaonan , Yoneyama Kaori
Published: October 2024

Root parasitic weeds broomrapes (PhelipancheandOrobanchespp.) cause devastating damages to agricultural production all over the world. The seeds of broomrapes germinate when they are exposed to germination stimulants, mainly strigolactones (SLs), released from roots of any plant species, while broomrapes parasitize only dicot plants. Therefore, monocots can be trap crops for broomrapes, as they induce seed germination but are not parasitized. In this study, we examined two European and one Japanese cultivars of barley for their potentials as trap crops for broomrapes and found that the European cultivars, Sebastian and Golden promise, are good potential trap crops as they produce more SLs and exhibit higher mycorrhizal colonization rates as compared to the Japanese cultivar Shunrai.
Regulation of the Promoter for Capsular Polysaccharide Synthesis inNeisseria meningitidisSerogroup B by HTH_XRE Family Transcription Factor
Authors: Sofowora Iyinoluwa , McCarthy Pumtiwitt , Wachira James
Published: October 2024

The capsular polysaccharide synthesis (cps) locus ofNeisseria meningitidisis implicated in invasive meningococcal disease. The synthesis (synABCD) and transport (ctrABCD) operons are transcribed in opposite directions from a common intergenic region and expression is negatively regulated by the bacterial two-component systemmisR/misSand thermosensitive RNA folding. However, these mechanisms do not fully explain the stationary phase responses and the cis-acting elements remain to be fully characterized. Using GFP reporter gene and site-directed mutagenesis, cis-regulatory elements in the 134-bp intergenic region, NmIR, were investigated. While confirming a known RpoD promoter, an additional potential promoter element and putative binding sites for the transcription factorsfis and lexAwere identified through sequence analysis. Deletion of the putative LexA binding site led to an increase in GFP fluorescence. TheN. meningitidis genome carries only one lexA homolog, theHelix-Turn-Helix regulator XRE family member (GenBank-NMB0910, HTH_XRE). Trans-complementation of the NmIR-GFP reporter with theN. meningitidisHTH_XRE expression plasmid led to increased fluorescence. Trans-complementation with eithermisR/misSornusGdecreased reporter gene expression. Consistent with previous reports, deletion of the RpoD promoter reduced expression by 50%, suggesting a redundancy of promoter elements in the intergenic region. Thus, the results confirm the functioning of an exogenousN. meningitidisCPS synthesis promoter inE. coliand demonstrate its regulation through trans-complementation bymisR/misS,HTH_XRE, andnusG.

Importance

PathogenicNeisseria meningitidis, a causal agent of bacterial meningitis, secretes capsular polysaccharides of different compositions that differentiate the serogroups. Since the capsule is an important virulence factor that determines adhesion to epithelia and ability to invade tissues, there is need to understand the underlying mechanisms for its expression. Furthermore, bacterial polysaccharides are potential sources of novel biomaterials. The expression of the capsule production genes is regulated, and this study reveals a mechanism involving a transcription factor, HTH_XRE, whose function inNeisseria meningitidisis not known. It extends the understanding of capsular expression regulation by identifying other control elements in the promoter region. The results will have applications in optimizing biomaterial production or in developing therapeutic interventions.
Network analysis of cross-income-level collaboration on non-communicable disease: the example of multiple myeloma in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Yang Kaiyi , Benkwitz-Bedford Sam , Cazier Jean-Baptiste , Spill Fabian
Published: October 2024

Cross-income-level collaboration (CILC) is crucial for developing global health approaches that benefit low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Multiple myeloma (MM) is a representative example of a complex, understudied disease in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Based on publications, we developed a network analysis tool to assess scientific collaborations. Here, we present findings from a systematic analysis of publications retrieved from PubMed between January 2002 and June 2022. We evaluated individual institutional contributions and collaboration patterns using undirected weighted networks. Our findings reveal that intraincome-level collaborations dominate MM research in SSA, with high-income countries (HICs) primarily engaging with a few local institutions, mainly in South Africa and Nigeria. Increasing CILC is essential to advance research in this area. Our analysis tool provides insights into the collaboration strength, highlights gaps in the field and identifies leading institutions, ultimately aiming to support the development of more effective international collaboration and research strategies in MM.
The Nuclear Pore Complex acts as a hub for pri-miRNA transcription and processing in plants
Authors: Gonzalo Lucia , Gagliardi Delfina , Zlauvinen Camila , Gulanicz Tomasz , Arce Agustín L. , Fernandez Josefina , Cambiagno Damian A. , Zienkiewicz Agnieszka , Jarmolowski Artur , Manavella Pablo A.
Published: October 2024

The regulation of miRNA biogenesis and movement is essential for plant development and environmental responses. HASTY (HST), a karyopherin protein, has been implicated in miRNA biogenesis and movement, though its role in non-cell-autonomous miRNA movement remains unclear. Through a genetic screen, we identified that mutations in theHAWAIIAN SKIRT (HWS)gene suppress the developmental defects ofhstmutants by restoring miRNA movement. Our findings show that HWS interacts with nuclear transport factors and nuclear pore complex (NPC) components, including NUP1, positioning HWS as a regulator of miRNA nuclear export. Using microscopy and fluorescencein situhybridization, we showed that pri-miRNA transcription, and likely their co-transcriptional processing, occurs at the nuclear pore. Notably, we uncovered an antagonistic relationship between HST and HWS in regulatingMIRNAtranscription at the NPC and AGO1 loading, which could explain the observed changes in miRNA movement. HST promotes the association ofMIRNAloci with the NPC, likely facilitating co-transcriptional processing, while HWS negatively regulates this process by targeting MEDIATOR complex subunits to degradation detaching, consequently, the processing complex from the NPC. Furthermore, our data provides evidence of spatial coordination of miRNA transcription, biogenesis, and movement highlighting a novel role for the NPC in the miRNA pathway.
Application of the maturity model for collaborative scheduling for construction projects
Authors: Scala Natalie M. , Alves Thais da Costa Lago , Hawkins Dominique , Schiavone Vincent , Liu Min
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This paper introduces the weighting, analysis and validation method used in the development of the Maturity Model for Collaborative Scheduling (MMCS). The scoring and ranking process introduced by the MMCS fills a gap in the literature by supporting the selection of collaborative scheduling (CS) practices that yield more weight toward the achievement of higher maturity levels in the development and implementation of CS. The ranking process can then be used during pre/post project execution to track collaborative scheduling in practice against the model’s weighting and provide the project team with constructive feedback and actionable steps for reaching the next highest level of collaboration.

Design/methodology/approach

The MMCS, which focuses on five pillars (key areas of interest for CS) and related swim lanes (specific attributes), covers a broad range of areas in the construction industry and was coded into a survey. The relative weights of pillars and swim lanes were then established using the Delphi method with the group of subject matter experts (SMEs), analyzed using multi-objective decision analysis (MODA) and validated using 241 answers to a survey with questions drawn from the MMCS, including organizations across the industry in the United States.

Findings

The project scoring defines bounds for bronze, silver and gold levels of collaboration in scheduling. Project evaluations can then be used to identify areas for continuous improvement and enhanced collaboration. We offer recommendations and best practices for project improvement.

Originality/value

Two original contributions resulted from this work: (1) a method to elicit weights based on a combination of Delphi, MODA and survey methods was used to develop and validate a scale with three different maturity levels to support the use and continuous improvement of CS practices and (2) a validated model was used to assess the maturity level of CS in construction projects alongside specific recommendations to move upward in terms of maturity. In practice, project leaders can use this model to assess project performance, advance the project’s maturity and guide continuous improvement efforts for enhanced collaboration.
From research to resources: developing a case-based learning curriculum for navigating clinical uncertainty
Authors: Lundgren Henriette , Papanagnou Dimitrios , Morrone Casey , Vaid Urvashi , Ghei Ridhima , Bierowski Abagayle , Watkins Karen E. , Marsick Victoria J.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study aimed at rethinking ways in which educators from different fields can collaborate to respond to the rapidly evolving demands of health professions education (HPE). The goal was to investigate how a research-to-resources approach can be applied to engage in knowledge translation (KT) of research findings for the benefit of introducing medical students to uncertainty in the clinical learning environment.

Design/methodology/approach

An interdisciplinary team of medical educators, human resource development (HRD) scholars and emergency medicine fellows engaged in iterative cycles of action research (AR) to develop, pilot and refine case-based learning resources on clinical uncertainty. The team leveraged prior research on physicians’ decision-making during COVID-19, experimented with generative AI tools, and collected feedback from medical students to guide resource development.

Findings

The findings of this study are twofold. On the one hand, the authors reflect on the lessons learned of developing case-based learning with the help of generative AI. While student feedback indicated that the case helped normalize and process experiences with uncertainty, key challenges included adapting research data to create relevant, sustainable learning resources and designing effective discussion prompts. On the other hand, the authors provide insights into the opportunities and challenges of our interdisciplinary collaboration. The authors show that knowledge utilization is not simple, but complex, and that more work needs to be done to effectively disseminate resources as part of the desired uncertainty curriculum.

Practical implications

This study attempts to apply a KT framework for bridging the research-practice gap in HPE through interdisciplinary collaboration and AR. It provides lessons learned for developing case-based curricula on complex topics like uncertainty. The findings highlight the need for adaptive KT processes when dealing with rapidly evolving healthcare contexts.

Originality/value

This paper offers a novel example of research-to-resource KT in medical education, integrating perspectives from HRD and leveraging emerging technologies. It contributes to understanding how interdisciplinary teams can collaborate to create timely, evidence-based educational resources for navigating uncertainty in professional practice. The study also provides insights into the challenges and opportunities of translating complex research findings into practical learning tools to tackle real-world challenges in HPE.
The contribution of public libraries in strengthening digital citizenship in Egyptian society – an exploratory study
Authors: Hassan Amr Hassan Fatouh , Shehata Ahmed
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study aims to assess the involvement of Egyptian public libraries in supporting digital citizenship and propose a vision to leverage their role in promoting digital citizenship culture, aligning with Egypt Vision 2030 for sustainable development.

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire was used to sample 21 public library managers in Egypt. The study adopted a descriptive-analytic approach, measuring library readiness infrastructure, strategic planning for digital citizenship support and participation ratings on nine dimensions of digital citizenship as defined by the Ribble model.

Findings

Results indicated a moderate level of participation overall (average score of 1.72), with high levels in dimensions like digital access and digital literacy but much lower levels in others, particularly digital law and digital health and safety. Library readiness was found to have a positive effect on the level of digital citizenship promotion.

Research limitations/implications

The small sample size may limit generalizability. Future research should explore best practices for digital citizenship programming in libraries and strategies for overcoming implementation barriers.

Practical implications

The study underscores the need for Egyptian public libraries to enhance their readiness and participation in promoting digital citizenship. This requires investment in digital resources, staff training, community outreach and collaboration with educational institutions and community partners.

Originality/value

This study provides insights into the role of public libraries in promoting digital citizenship in the context of a developing country’s national vision. It offers a framework for libraries worldwide to assess and enhance their digital citizenship initiatives.
Does empowering leadership behavior affect employee performance? The mediating role of workforce agility
Authors: Varshney Deepanjana , Varshney Nirbhay Krishna
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Workforce agility (WFA) is an emergent research topic in volatile times. However, there is a lack of research in understanding the leadership dimension that triggers such an attribute in organizations. Our study aims to understand the impact of workforce agility on empowering leadership behavior and employee performance dimensions (task performance, contextual performance and counterproductive work behavior).

Design/methodology/approach

We collected data from 236 employees using reliable, validated scales and conducted various statistical analyses.

Findings

Our results demonstrated that WFA (1) partially mediated the relationship between empowering leadership and contextual performance (CP), (2) has not mediated the relationship between empowering leadership and counterproductive behavior (CWB) and (3) mediated the relationship between empowering leadership and task performance (TP).

Practical implications

Our research has practical implications for management practitioners. It suggests hiring and developing an agile workforce through appropriate training and development programs can significantly impact organizational performance. Furthermore, it provides insights into building leadership capabilities that sustain workforce agility practices, empowering leaders to make informed decisions.

Originality/value

Our research fills a significant gap in the existing literature by exploring the effects of WFA on leadership and performance. This novel approach provides a fresh perspective on the dynamics of organizational behavior, making it a valuable addition to the field.
Online teaching competencies and teacher effectiveness in higher education: the mediating effect of perceived career support
Authors: Sokro Evans , Obuobisa-Darko Theresa , Okpattah Bernard
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Online teaching competencies are critical skills required for effective teaching and learning in higher education. However, evidence regarding the impact of online teaching competencies on teacher performance and career satisfaction is minimal in the literature. This study draws on the TPACK model to understand how online teaching competencies influence teacher performance and career satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopts a quantitative approach and collected data from 243 faculty in both public and private universities in Ghana. Structural equation modelling was used to examine the relationships among the study constructs.

Findings

The results show that the various dimensions of TPACK have a significant positive effect on teacher performance and career satisfaction. Furthermore, the mediation results reveal that neither perceived career support nor teacher attributes mediate the relationship between online teaching competencies, teaching performance and career satisfaction.

Practical implications

This paper provides a better understanding of how context knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, pedagogical context knowledge, technology pedagogical knowledge, career support and teacher attributes affect teacher performance.

Originality/value

This study draws on the TPACK (context knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, pedagogical context knowledge and technology pedagogical knowledge) model and incorporates perceived career support and teacher attributes as essential characteristics within an emerging economy country context.
Debunking neuromyths: Pre‐service teachers' insights on autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Lacruz‐Pérez Irene , Pastor‐Cerezuela Gemma , Caurín‐Alonso Carlos , Morales‐Hernández Antonio José , Tárraga‐Mínguez Raúl
Published: October 2024

Teachers' beliefs in certain neuromyths about neurodevelopmental disorders can negatively impact the educational inclusion of students who present them. This study aims to analyse the prevalence of neuromyths about the health and the emotional competences of people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in pre‐service teachers; and to assess the possible contribution of university training to constructing accurate knowledge about autism. This prevalence was compared in three groups of pre‐service teachers: 1st‐year students, 4th‐year students who will be regular teachers and 4th‐year students training to be special education specialists. Additionally, it was proposed to identify the topic with the most myths (health or emotional competences) and the most frequent myths. A validated instrument was completed by 167 pre‐service teachers. Overall, the 4th‐year specialist group had more correct answers and fewer doubts that the 4th‐year regular group, which had more correct answers than the 1st‐year group. The prevalence of errors was not statistically different among the three groups. Moreover, participants answered more questions and made more errors about emotional competences in autism than about health. Among the most frequent myths are those concerning empathy or the cause of ASD. Based on these results, some implications for pre‐service teacher education are discussed.
As you wish? Public preferences for models of representation and MPs’ role orientations
Authors: MONGRAIN PHILIPPE , JUNIUS NINO , BRACK NATHALIE
Published: October 2024

How much autonomy elected representatives should have in looking after the interests of their constituents is a central question of democratic theory. While much research has been conducted on the representational roles adopted by elected representatives, we currently lack an understanding of citizens’ preferences for contrasting models of representation, more specifically whether they believe representatives should primarily act as instructed delegates, closely following public opinion or rather as trustees, relying on their own convictions and judgement. As a result, we know relatively little about how congruent citizens’ and politicians’ representational preferences are, whether some subgroups of citizens and politicians are more congruent with each other than others and whether citizens’ and politicians’ representational preferences are driven by the same determinants. Using data from 13 countries, we assess the level of congruence between voters’ and MPs’ preferences in representational style. In all countries, citizens favouring delegate‐style MPs are poorly represented as the vast majority of representatives display a moderate to strong preference for trusteeship. Analysing subgroups of politicians and citizens according to party family, ideology, inclusion in government, populism and social class reveals that MPs from left‐wing or right‐wing radical and populist parties, representatives sitting on the opposition benches and those belonging to lower classes tend to hold representational preferences that are more in line with the preferences of their own supporters or individuals belonging to the same group as themselves, but also with those of the entire electorate. However, even among these politicians there are few delegates. Examining whether citizens’ and politicians’ representational preferences are driven by similar determinants, we assessed the influence of their ideological orientations, socioeconomic status and support for (or affiliation with) a party in government on their representational preferences. For citizens, our results indicate that locating oneself on the right of the ideological spectrum is related to higher scores on the delegate–trustee scale, while supporting a populist party seems to decrease voters’ favourability toward trusteeship. Politicians’ preferences could not be explained by similar factors as none of the tested factors were significant. In line with our congruence analysis, there seems to be little variation in MPs’ representational preferences. Even groups of MPs that can be thought of as most likely to be delegates turn out to be staunch trustees, potentially causing frustration among citizens preferring delegate‐style representation.
Replantation following complete penile amputation: Summary of perioperative experience and treatment strategies
Authors: Liu Hanchao , Dong Biao , Wu Xiaolong , Hua Lin , Zhang Mingxiao , Li Xiaotao , Liu Jiaqin , Zhan Junfeng , Gao Xintao , Chen Rui , Wang Xiaodong , Wang Zhenqing , Sun Zhuolun , Xie Chong , Jiang Zhuanxin
Published: October 2024

Introduction

To date, there are only case reports of penile amputation, a rare urological emergency with a low‐treatment successful rate, and there are still no advanced, detailed surgical or perioperative treatment plans. Effective treatments for these rare diseases are urgently needed.

Method

The researchers summarized the perioperative experience of 20 patients who underwent replantation after complete penile amputation at several hospitals over the past 5 years and shared experience in detail.

Results

Only 1 of the 20 surgeries failed, and both urinary and erectile functions were successfully restored in other cases, indicating that the surgical methods and perioperative treatments summarized by researchers are feasible and highly successful for replantation following complete penile amputation.

Conclusion

Researchers have summarized the method and perioperative plan for replantation following penile amputation based on a summary of 20 cases, thereby providing guidance for urologists and andrologists.
Mapping illegal trade routes of live cheetahs from the Horn of Africa to the Arabian Peninsula
Authors: Evangelista Paul H. , Young Nicholas E. , Schulte Darin K. , Tricorache Patricia D. , Luizza Matthew W. , Durant Sarah M. , Jones Kelly W. , Mitchell Nicholas , Maule Tomas , Ali Abdullahi H. , Tesfai Redae T. , Engelstad Peder S.
Published: October 2024

Less than 7000 cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) persist in Africa. Although human–wildlife conflict, habitat degradation, and loss of prey are major threats to cheetah populations, illegal trade in live cubs for pets may have the most significant impact on populations in the Horn of Africa. We developed a novel, stepwise decision support tool to predict probable trafficking routes by leveraging the power of distinct modeling approaches. First, we created a cheetah habitat suitability index (HSI) to determine where source cheetah populations may occur. We then created a trafficking network model linking known and predicted cheetah populations with documented destinations in the Arabian Peninsula. A significant area in Eastern Ethiopia and Northern Somalia was estimated to harbor undocumented cheetahs. When these predicted populations were used as a supply source, the trafficking network model showed multiple routes passing through Somaliland and across the Gulf of Aden to Yemen, supporting the notion that undocumented cheetahs may be supplying pet market demands. Though we demonstrate how our decision support tool can inform law enforcement, conservation strategies, and community engagement, we caution that our results are not fully validated due to limited accessibility, alternative trafficking routes, and the cryptic nature of illegal wildlife trade.
Absolute oral bioavailability of milvexian spray‐dried dispersion formulation under fasted and fed conditions in healthy adult participants: An intravenous microtracer approach
Authors: Jarugula Praneeth , Soleman Sharif , Back Hyunmoon , Christopher Lisa J. , Hawthorne Dara , Aronson Ronald , Bui Anh , Mirzac Angela , Ajavon‐Hartmann Antoinette , Perera Vidya , Murthy Bindu , Merali Samira
Published: October 2024

Milvexian is an oral, small‐molecule factor XIa inhibitor being developed to prevent thromboembolic events. This study assessed the absolute bioavailability (F) of milvexian following single doses of milvexian spray‐dried dispersion (SDD) formulation under fed and fasted conditions, and milvexian solution, in healthy adult participants using an intravenous microtracer approach. This was a phase I, open‐label, partially randomized, 4‐sequence, 5‐period crossover study. After fasting for ≥10 h, participants received milvexian 200‐mg oral solution with a 100‐μg 14C milvexian intravenous microtracer at the time of maximum observed plasma concentration. Following a 3‐day washout, participants were randomized to 1 of 4 milvexian SDD treatment sequences in a crossover fashion: 25 mg fasted, 25 mg fed, 200 mg fasted, or 200 mg fed. Pharmacokinetic data were collected up to 72 h postdose. Seventeen participants were dosed, and 14 completed treatment. Under fasted conditions, milvexian F was ~100%, 58.2%, and 54.2% following administration of the oral solution, 25 mg SDD, and 200 mg SDD, respectively. Under fed conditions, milvexian F following 25 mg and 200 mg SDD was 44.3% and 75.6%, respectively. The milvexian SDD formulation at 25 mg and 200 mg resulted in similar F in a fasted state; under fed conditions, milvexian F decreased at 25 mg and increased at 200 mg. These findings clarify pharmacokinetic‐related gaps observed in previous studies.
Lateral migration differs between phytolith morphotypes on sand dune surfaces
Authors: Zhang Guihua , Jie Dongmei , Gao Guizai , Li Dehui , Li Nannan , Wang Jiangyong , Niu Honghao , Meng Meng , Liu Ying
Published: October 2024

Arid and semi‐arid lands are exceptionally sensitive to climate change. However, the application of phytolith analysis to these environments is hindered by the potential for lateral migration of phytoliths during wind erosion, which may affect the reliability of phytolith‐based paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Moreover, there is a lack of quantitative studies of the dispersion and deposition of phytoliths by wind erosion. Here we apply Sutton's equation and theoretical models from the field of blown sand physics and engineering to quantify the lateral migration of various phytolith morphotypes in the surface soil of sand dunes in the Horqin Sandy Land in China. Phytolith morphotypes and concentrations were determined in addition to sedimentary organic matter content and grain size. Combined with the analysis of plant communities, these measurements were used to quantify the lateral migration of phytolith morphotypes, and the results were compared with theoretical models. We found that phytolith concentrations decreased exponentially under an annual average wind speed with distance from the surface source; specifically, a large proportion of lateral phytolith migration occurred within the distance of ~3–5 m. There were significant linear correlations between the phytolith concentration and other environmental factors. A comprehensive form of Sutton's equation was used to estimate that a relatively large proportion (8.35%) of short‐cell phytoliths may migrate laterally on dunes that are vulnerable to wind erosion. However, large phytoliths are deposited almost in situ, and relatively limited lateral migration of wind‐transported phytoliths occurs in the Horqin Sandy Land overall. Our results provide a theoretical model and practice template for the application of phytolith analysis to soil and sediments, especially as a proxy of past vegetation and ecological change in the Horqin Sandy Land, and other areas affected by wind erosion. Additionally, short‐cell phytoliths in palaeoenvironmental contexts satisfy the criteria necessary to investigate the extent with frequent aeolian activity.