bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Precise Dissemination of E-Commerce Information and Behavior of Social Media Users
Authors: Zhang Yun
Published: October 2022

In order to solve the problem that the e-commerce system provides users with more and more choice information, it makes it difficult for users to find the desired products in a large amount of product information, and a research method for accurate dissemination of e-commerce information and behavior of social media users has been proposed. In order to improve the individual sales method of merchants, a method of multiangle analysis of data is proposed by clustering algorithm and classification algorithm. Research shows that there is a big difference between men and women in the use of WeChat, with women accounting for 70%. It can be seen that the respondents were mainly women. People aged 26-40 account for 62.4%, which matches the main consumer group (26-40 years old) in the industry research report. In terms of monthly disposable income, the median and mode are both between 1,000 and 2,000 yuan, which is related to the age distribution of the respondents. The frequency of online shopping 1-6 times/month accounted for 81.5% of the overall sample, and the online shopping experience for more than 1 year accounted for 98.8%, indicating that the respondents generally have the habit of online shopping. Through experimental analysis, the effectiveness of the improved algorithm is verified. In terms of online shopping consumption accounted for the total consumption, the number of people accounted for one-fifth and one-third. It can be seen that online shopping is an indispensable part of people’s daily consumption.
Thermal Radiation and Viscous Dissipation Impacts of Water and Kerosene‐Based Carbon Nanotubes over a Heated Riga Sheet
Authors: Prabakaran R. , Eswaramoorthi S. , Loganathan K. , Gyeltshen Sonam
Published: October 2022

This research communication explains the flow of water/kerosene‐based CNTs (carbon nanotubes) over a Riga sheet. The energy analysis is debated with the availability of radiation, viscous dissipation, and convective heating conditions. Two divisions of CNTs, like, SWCNTs (single‐wall carbon nanotubes) and MWCNTs (multiwall carbon nanotubes), are considered. The pertinent variables are applied to overhaul the governing mathematical models into ODE expressions. The overhaul expressions are analytically solved by HAM (homotopy analysis method) and numerically solved by MATLAB bvp4c scheme. The repercussions of relevant parameters on nanoliquid velocity, nanoliquid temperature, skin friction coefficient, and local Nusselt number are inspected via graphs, tables, and charts. Our computational results are compared with the previous researcher results and have the most acceptable agreement. Our outcomes are used to understand the flow attributes, behavior, and how to predict it for those working in the design of thermal equipment in thermal industry. It is noticed that the nanoliquid velocity decayed in counter to the unsteady parameter, and it enhances for larger values of Hartmann number. The nanoliquid temperature enriches when raising the Biot number and radiation parameter. The change in unsteady parameter decays the surface shear stress, while reverse results are found in the local Nusselt number.
Channel-Wise Correlation Calibrates Attention Module for Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Lu Ziqiang , Dong Yanwu , Li Jie , Lu Ziying , He Pengjie , Ru Haibo
Published: October 2022

It is well known in image recognition that global features represent the overall and have the ability to generalize an entire object, while local features can reflect the details, both of which are important for extracting more discriminative features. Recent research has shown that the performance of convolutional neural networks can be improved by introducing an attention module. In this paper, we propose a simple and effective channel attention module named layer feature that meets channel attention module (LC module, LCM), which combines the layer global information with channel dependence to calibrate the correlation between channel features and then adaptively recalibrates channel-wise feature responses. Compared with the traditional channel attention methods, the LC module utilizes the most significant information that needs to be focused on in the overall features to refine the channel relationship. Through empirical studies on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and mini-ImageNet, this work proved its superiority compared to other attention modules in different DCNNs. Furthermore, we performed the two-dimensional visualization of the feature map through the class activation map and intuitively analyzed the effectiveness of the model.
Discriminative Extreme Learning Machine with Cross‐Domain Mean Approximation for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation
Authors: Zang Shaofei , Li Xinghai , Ma Jianwei , Yan Yongyi , Lv Jinfeng , Wei Yuan
Published: October 2022

Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) is widely used in various fields because of its fast training and high accuracy. However, it does not primarily work well for Domain Adaptation (DA) in which there are many annotated data from auxiliary domain and few even no annotated data in target domain. In this paper, we propose a new variant of ELM called Discriminative Extreme Learning Machine with Cross‐Domain Mean Approximation (DELM‐CDMA) for unsupervised domain adaptation. It introduces Cross‐Domain Mean Approximation (CDMA) into the hidden layer of ELM to reduce distribution discrepancy between domains for domain bias elimination, which is conducive to train a high accuracy ELM on annotated data from auxiliary domains for target tasks. Linear Discriminative Analysis (LDA) is also adopted to improve the discrimination of learned model and obtain higher accuracy. Moreover, we further provide a Discriminative Kernel Extreme Learning Machine with Cross‐Domain Mean Approximation (DKELM‐CDMA) as the kernelization extension of DELM‐CDMA. Some experiments are performed to investigate the proposed approach, and the result shows that DELM‐CDMA and DKELM‐CDMA could effectively extend ELM suitable for domain adaptation and outperform ELM and many other domain adaptation approaches.
Simplified Calculation Method for Overlying Pipeline Deformation Induced by Tunnel Construction in Soil Based on the Energy Principle
Authors: Yang Minghui , Yang Tao , Deng Bo
Published: October 2022

The deformation of the overlay pipeline caused by the excavation of the soil tunnel in the case of small spacing cannot be ignored. Based on the experience of previous engineering, this paper assumes that the settlement of the overlying pipeline caused by tunnel excavation satisfies the basic morphology of Gaussian distribution. On this basis, the soil displacement is converted into load acting on the pipeline, and the energy variation principle is introduced, and the energy variation equation of the pipe‐soil system is established, which is iteratively solved based on the principle of minimum potential energy, so as to obtain the calculation method of overlay pipeline vertical deformation caused by soil tunnel excavation, which is more simple and practical than the previous method. The calculation results were compared with the existing tests and engineering examples to verify the correctness of the proposed formula. Finally, the influence of pipeline material, formation loss rate, and intersection angle between the tunnel and pipeline on pipeline vertical deformation was analyzed. The comparative analysis shows that the pipeline deformation decreases with the increase of tunnel angle and pipeline elastic modulus, but increases with the increase of formation loss rate.
Multilayer Feature Extraction of AGCN on Surface Defect Detection of Steel Plates
Authors: Zhang Chi , Cui Jian , Liu Wei
Published: October 2022

The development of industry is inseparable from the support of steel materials, and the modern industry has increasingly high requirements for the quality of steel plates. But the process of steel plate production produces many types of defects, such as roll marks, scratches, and scars. These defects will directly affect the quality and performance of the steel plate, so it is necessary to effectively detect them. Steel plate surface defects are characterized by their types, shape, and size: the same defect can have different morphologies, and similarities can exist between different defects. In this paper, industrial steel plate surface defect samples are analyzed, and a sample set is established by screening the collected defect images. Then, annotation and classification are performed. A multilayer feature extraction framework is developed in experiments to train a neural network on the sample set of defects. To address the problems of low automation, slow detection speed, and low accuracy of the traditional defect detection methods, the attention graph convolution network (AGCN) is investigated in this paper. Firstly, faster R-CNN is used as the basic network model for defect detection, and the visual features are jointly refined by combining attention mechanism and graph convolution neural network. The latter network enriches the contextual information in the visual features of steel plates and explores the semantic association between vision and defect types for different kinds of defects using the attention mechanism to achieve intelligent detection of defects, thus enabling our method to meet the practical needs of steel plate production.
Exploring the Active Ingredients and Mechanism of Action of Huanglian Huazhuo Capsule for the Treatment of Obese Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Based on Using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Authors: Wang Na , An Wen-bo , Zhou Nan , Fan Jing-chun , Feng Xin , Yang Wei-jie
Published: October 2022

Background. Obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (obese T2DM) is one of the prime diseases that endangers human health. Clinical studies have confirmed the ability of the Huanglian Huazhuo capsule to treat obese T2DM; however, its mechanism of action is still unclear. In this study, effects and mechanisms of the Huanglian Huazhuo capsule in obese T2DM were systematically investigated using network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques. Methods. The active ingredients and targets of the Huanglian Huazhuo capsule were extracted from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). Obese T2DM diabetes-related targets were retrieved from a geographic dataset combined with a gene card database. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to screen core targets. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were conducted using Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). Interactions between potential targets and active compounds were assessed using molecular docking. Molecular docking was performed on the best core protein complexes obtained using molecular docking. Results. A total of 89 and 108 active ingredients and targets, respectively, were identified. Seven core targets were obtained using a topological analysis of the PPI network. The GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses showed that the effects of the Huanglian Huazhuo capsules were mediated by inflammation, lipid response, oxidative stress-related genes, and HIF-1 and IL-17 signaling pathways. Good binding ability was observed between the active compounds and screened targets using molecular docking. Conclusions. The active ingredients, potential targets, and pathways of the Huanglian Huazhuo capsule for the treatment of obese T2DM were successfully predicted, providing a new strategy for further investigation of its molecular mechanisms. In addition, the potential active ingredients provide a reliable source for drug screening in obese T2DM.
[Retracted] MSN@IL‐4 Sustainingly Mediates Macrophagocyte M2 Polarization and Relieves Osteoblast Damage via NF‐κB Pathway‐Associated Apoptosis
Authors: Shi Cheng , Yuan Fei , Li Zhilong , Zheng Zhenhua , Yuan Changliang , Huang Ziyang , Liu Jianping , Lin Xuping , Cai Taoyi , Huang Guofeng , Ding Zhenqi
Published: October 2022

Background. The microenvironment of bone defects displayed that M2 polarization of macrophagocyte could promote the osteoblast growth and benefit the wound healing. Bone scaffold transplantation is considered to be one of the most promising methods for repairing bone defects. The present research was aimed at constructing a kind of novel bone scaffold nanomaterial of MSN@IL‐4 for treating bone defects responding to the wound microenvironment of bone defects and elucidating the mechanics of MSN@IL‐4 treating bone defect via controlling release of IL‐4, inducing M2 polarization and active factor release of macrophagocyte, and eventually relieving osteoblast injury. Methods. MSN@IL‐4 was firstly fabricated and its release of IL‐4 was assessed in vitro. Following, the effects of MSN@IL‐4 nanocomplex on the release of active factors of macrophage were examined using Elisa assay and promoting M2 polarization of the macrophage by immunofluorescence staining. And then, the effects of active factors from macrophage supernatant induced by MSN@IL‐4 on osteoblast growth were examined by CCK‐8, flow cytometry, and western blot assay. Results. The release curve of IL‐4 in vitro displayed that there was more than 80% release ratio for 30th day with a sustained manner in pH 5.5. Elisa assay data showed that MSN@IL‐4 nanocomplex could constantly promote the release of proproliferative cytokine IL‐10, SDF‐1α, and BMP‐2 in macrophagocyte compared to only IL‐4 treatment, and immunofluorescent image showed that MSN@IL‐4 could promote M2 polarization of macrophagocytes via inducing CD206 expression and suppressing CD86 expression. Osteoblast injury data showed that the supernatant from macrophagocyte treated by MSN@IL‐4 could promote the osteoblast proliferation by MTT assay. Flow cytometry data showed that the supernatant from macrophagocyte treated by MSN@IL‐4 could suppress the osteoblast apoptosis from 22.1% to 14.6%, and apoptosis‐related protein expression data showed that the supernatant from macrophagocyte treated by MSN@IL‐4 could suppress the expression of Bax, cleaved caspase 3, and cleaved caspase 8. Furthermore, the immunofluorescent image showed that the supernatant from macrophagocyte treated by MSN@IL‐4 could inhibit nucleus location of p65, and western blot data showed that the supernatant from macrophagocyte treated by MSN@IL‐4 could suppress the phosphorylation of IKK and induce the expression of IκB. Conclusion. MSN@IL‐4 could control the sustaining release of IL‐4, and it exerts the protective effect on osteoblast injury via inducing M2 polarization and proproliferative cytokine of macrophagocyte and following inhibiting the apoptosis and NF‐κB pathway‐associated inflammation of osteoblast.
Preparation and Energy Storage Performance of Perovskite Luminescent Materials by an Electrochemiluminescence Method
Authors: Cheng Dan , Yang Zhaohai , Liang Yilan
Published: October 2022

In recent years, metal halide perovskites have become attractive photosensitive materials due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. Due to its good characteristics, perovskites are used in solar photovoltaic power generation, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, photocatalysis, and sensors and many other fields. Considering the wide application of perovskites and the study of potential bifunctional devices, the application of perovskites in energy storage devices is relatively small, and a small number of studies focus on organic-inorganic hybrid lead-halide perovskites. However, the related energy storage research on all-inorganic lead-halide perovskites with better stability, which has also been widely concerned, is very scarce. And nontoxic all-inorganic nonperovskite has zero research in energy storage. Based on the above situation, this paper selects the lead-free perovskite Cs2AgSbCl6, and two lead halide perovskites with different dimensions, -0-dimensional Cs4PbBr6 and 3-dimensional CsPbBr3, these three all-inorganic perovskites. It was for electrochemical performance testing.
Heparin-Binding Protein Aggravates Acute Lung Injury in Septic Rats by Promoting Macrophage M1 Polarization and NF-κB Signaling Pathway Activation
Authors: Zhang Ying , Sun Wenqiao , Zhang Licheng
Published: October 2022

Objective. Heparin-binding protein (HBP) plays an important role in sepsis and is a prognostic biomarker in patients with sepsis, but the role of HBP in the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated acute lung injury (ALI) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of HBP in sepsis-induced ALI and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods. The cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model was used to induce ALI in mice and randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, CLP (rats treated with cecal ligation and puncture), HBP (rats treated with CLP and HBP injection), and HBP + UFH (rats treated with CLP and injection of HBP and unfractionated heparin). Subsequently, HBP expression in rat serum and lung tissues was detected by qRT-PCR, edema and pathological changes in lung tissue by lung wet-to-dry weight ratio (W/D) and HE staining, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in lung tissues by detection kits. Additionally, ELISA and western blot were applied for the determination of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β expression in rat bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and iNOS, Arg-1, Mrc1, NF-κBp65, IKKα, IκBα, and p-IκBα expression in lung tissues. Results. The expression levels of HBP in serum and lung tissues of rats in the HBP group were significantly increased, the lung tissues were severely injured, accompanied by a significant increase in MPO activity but a significant decrease in SOD activity, and the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly increased. In addition, the expression levels of iNOS, NF-κB p65, IKKα, and p-IκBα in the lung tissues of rats in the HBP group were significantly increased, while the addition of unfractionated heparin reversed the above results. Conclusion. HBP aggravates ALI in septic rats, and its mechanism may be related to the promotion of macrophage M1 polarization and activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
Test and Detection of Antifreezing and Anticorrosion Performance of Carbon Nanofiber Bridge Concrete
Authors: Yang Huining , Wang Dan , Yu Huai
Published: October 2022

In order to solve the problems of carbon nanotubes, steel fibers, and carbon nanotubes + steel fibers on the compressive strength and impact resistance of concrete, the author proposes a test method for the frost resistance and corrosion resistance of carbon nanofiber bridge concrete. Using carbon nanotubes and steel fibers as reinforcing materials, the effects of carbon nanotubes and steel fibers on the compressive strength and impact resistance of concrete were studied. Experimental results show that incorporating carbon nanotubes and steel fibers can improve the compressive strength of concrete. Compared with the single-doped carbon nanotubes, the single-doped steel fiber has a greater effect on the improvement of the impact resistance of the concrete. The toughness and ductility of carbon nanotubes and steel fiber reinforced concrete are improved again compared with that of single steel fiber reinforced concrete. The effect of adding 1% steel fiber +0.30% carbon nanotubes is the most significant in enhancing the performance of concrete. Conclusion. The synergistic effect of carbon nanotubes and steel fibers is more conducive in complementing each other's advantages and improving the performance of concrete.
A Comparison of the Antiosteoporotic Effects of Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) Extracts from Red and Yellow Fruits Containing Different Constituents of Polyphenols and Iridoids in Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts
Authors: Park Eunkuk , Sozański Tomasz , Lee Chang-Gun , Kucharska Alicja Z. , Przybylska Dominika , Piórecki Narcyz , Jeong Seon-Yong
Published: October 2022

Background and aims. Bone remodeling in which old or damaged bone cells are removed by osteoclasts, and new bone cells are developed by osteoblasts is a key target for antiosteoporotic agents. These processes can also be modulated by nutrients. In this study, we have compared the antiosteoporotic effects of three extracts from cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) fruits: RED EXT1 extracts from red fruits, and YL EXT2 and YL EXT3 extract from yellow fruits. Methods. Polyphenolic and iridoid constituents of extracts were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using the ultraperformance liquid chromatography system coupled with a quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry. Primary cultured osteoblasts isolated from mouse calvarias and osteoclast-lineage primary cultured monocytes isolated from mouse bone marrow were used for the assessment of osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. In the osteoblast culture, cellular viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, ALP staining, and mRNA expression of Alpl and Runx2 were examined. In the osteoclast culture, the examined parameters were cellular viability, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and staining, and mRNA expression of Nfatc1, Ctsk, and Acp. Results. A total of 41 main compounds of iridoids, anthocyanins, hydrolysable tannins, phenolic acids, and flavonols were identified in the three extracts. RED EXT1 contained most of the tested polyphenols and iridoids and was the only extract containing anthocyanins. YL EXT2 contained only one iridoid, loganic acid and gallic acid. YL EXT3 comprised a mixture of iridoids and polyphenols. RED EXT1, YL EXT 2, and to a lesser extent YL EXT3 promoted osteoblast differentiation increasing significantly ALP activity and the amount of ALP-positive stained cells. All extracts upregulated mRNA expression of Alpl and Runx2. RED EXT1 caused the most significant decrease in TRAP activity and the numbers of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells. RED EXT1 caused also the most significant downregulation of mRNA expression of osteoclast related genes Nfatc1, Ctsk, and Acp5. Extracts from yellow fruits, mostly YL EXT2 caused lower, but still significant inhibitory effect on TRAP and osteoclast related genes. Conclusions. The main conclusion of our study is that all three extracts, especially RED EXT1 from red cornelian cherry fruits, possess the antiosteoporotic potential and may be a promising phytomedicine candidate for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
[Retracted] Higher Education Environment Monitoring and Internationalization Strategy Model Using Big Data Analysis
Authors: Zhang Minxuan
Published: October 2022

This paper creates a model based on big data, examines higher education’s internationalization approach, and simultaneously conducts research. According to the research, the method used in this work has a greater accuracy rate than numerous other well‐known methodologies for assessing the risk associated with higher education internationalization strategies, with the maximum accuracy rate reaching 68.9%. It can be seen that the methodology used in this report is more suited for researching the higher education sector’s internationalization plan. Information integration management is advancing steadily in the age of big data. To ensure the standardization, informationalization, and scientificization of school education and teaching management, consideration should also be given to the organic integration and full utilization of education internationalization data in the field of higher education internationalization strategy.
Comparison of Iliac Bone Transplantation with Bone Transport in the Treatment of Femur Fracture and Bone Defect
Authors: Huang Wei , Zhu Wenfeng , Lu Wei
Published: October 2022

Objective. To compare the curative effect of iliac bone transplantation with the bone transport in the treatment of femur fracture complicated with a bone defect. Methods. Patients with femur fractures and defects who were admitted to our hospital from January 1, 2020, to January 31, 2022, and met the inclusion criteria were retrospectively selected and allocated into an iliac bone transplantation group or a bone transport group. The treatment effect and quality of life of the two groups were compared. Results. A total of 98 patients who met the inclusion standards were enrolled, including 50 cases in the iliac bone transplantation group and 48 cases in the bone transport group. There were no significant differences in IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, visual analog scale (VAS) score, or Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score between the two groups on postsurgical day 1 (

p
=
0.051

, 0.150, 0.102, 0.564, and 0.826 respectively), but there were significant differences in the above index on postsurgical day 7 (all

p
<
0.01

). There were no significant differences in social function, physical function, role function, and cognitive function between the two groups one week after the operation (

p
=
0.245

, 0.051, 0.102, and 0.067, respectively), but there were significant differences in the above parameters at one month after operation (

p
=
0.001

, 0.005, 0.005, and 0.001, respectively). The total effective rate of the bone transplantation group was significantly better than that of the iliac bone transplantation group (

p
=
0.026

). The number of postoperative complications in the bone removal group was significantly fewer than that of the iliac bone graft group (

p
=
0.001

). Conclusion. Bone transport is effective in treating femur fractures complicated with bone defects, with fewer postoperative complications.
Expression of eIF4E Gene in Glioma and Its Sensitivity to Oxidative Stress
Authors: Liang Jian , Yang Yaoqiang , Li Xing , Cai Guangmou , Cao Jianxuan , Zhang Bo
Published: October 2022

Objective. Increased expression of eIF4E has been observed in various cancers, which makes eIF4E an attractive target of anticancer drugs. This study mainly discussed eIF4E gene expression in glioma and its sensitivity to oxidative stress (OS). Methods. Relevant data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database regarding eIF4E gene expression and its prognostic significance in glioma samples were analyzed. Additionally, we measured eIF4E at mRNA and protein levels in clinical samples collected between July 2019 and September 2021, as well as glioma cell strains. U251 cells cultured in vitro were treated with OS injury induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and then transfected with si-eIF4E to determine changes in cell multiplication, invasiveness, and migration capacities as well as apoptosis rate. ELISA quantified cell malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) concentrations, and flow cytometry measured reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Results. In glioma samples from the TCGA database, eIF4E showed obviously elevated levels in LGG and GBM patients, which was usually associated with adverse patient prognosis (

P
<
0.05

). eIF4E was also upregulated in glioma cell strains than in HBE cells. In comparison with the blank control group, transfection of si-eIF4E statistically suppressed the capacity of U251 cells to proliferate, invade and migrate, and enhance apoptosis rate, while reducing SOD and GSH-Px and increasing MDA and ROS. In addition, H2O2 induced the upregulation of eIF4E in U251 cells. H2O2 + si-eIF4E exhibited reduced multiplication and number of clone cell formation, invasion, and migration of U251 cells, as well as increased apoptosis rate than H2O2 + si-NC group. Conclusions. eIF4E is highly expressed in glioma. Knocking down eIF4E can effectively inhibit the capacity of U251 to proliferate, invade and migrate, and significantly increase apoptosis. In addition, eIF4E knock-down is able to lower OS reaction under H2O2 inducement and enhance U251 cells’ sensitivity to OS.
A CFD Study on the Design Optimization of Airborne Infection Isolation Room
Authors: Le Thanh-Long , Nguyen Tan Tien , Kieu Trung Tin
Published: October 2022

Airborne infection isolation (AII) rooms are used to accommodate patients with highly infectious diseases and keep the released pathogens to limit the risk of cross-infection. This paper proposes a concept for an AII room made from two shipping containers to handle the scarcity of hospital beds when the COVID-19 disease spreads over the world. The proposed system consists of the main isolation room, anteroom, and toilet as well as other functional areas. In addition, the main isolation room was modeled with important components such as a supply air vent, exhaust air, a patient, and a bed. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach based on the finite volume method (FVM) is used to solve the three-dimensional governing equations. The CO2 concentration was used to determine the infectious contaminant concentration of the air in the room. Therefore, the infectious control could be evaluated by the air change per hour (ACH). The numerical results show that the room temperature is maintained at 24°C, which is appropriate for people in the room. The laminar airflow extends downward to the floor after leaving the supply air vent on the ceiling, creating circulating patterns throughout the room. When evaluating the effectiveness of ventilation systems to remove airborne contaminants based on different ACH numbers, the CO2 concentration in the room was reduced to 581 ppm, 477 ppm, and 438 ppm in the cases of 12 ACH, 24 ACH, and 48 ACH, respectively. As a result, the greater the number of air change per hour, the greater the performance for contaminant removal. It served as the foundation for assessing and optimizing the ventilation system of the portable negative pressure room.
Chemical Compositions of Essential Oil from Aerial Parts of Cyclospermum leptophyllum and Its Application as Antibacterial Activity against Some Food Spoilage Bacteria
Authors: Gonfa Yilma Hunde , Tessema Fekade Beshah , Gelagle Abiy A. , Getnet Sileshi D. , Tadesse Mesfin Getachew , Bachheti Archana , Bachheti Rakesh Kumar
Published: October 2022

Cyclospermum leptophyllum is plant species known for its medicinal value and pleasant aroma. The aerial part and plant seeds are traditionally used as food additives as a spice. This study aims to isolate the chemical constituents of essential oil of the aerial part of the plant and study their potential antibacterial activities against some food contaminating bacteria. The essential oil of C. leptophyllum (CSEO) was isolated from aerial parts of the plant species and studied using GC-MS and FTIR techniques. The first four major chemical constituents determined from GC-MS analysis of CSEO (for peak area % ≥ 1.15%) were 2,5-dimethoxy-p-cymene (87.09%), 2-methoxy-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl) benzene (3.09%), 2-methoxy-4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl) benzene (1.71%), and humulene (1.15%). 60%, 30%, 15%, 7.5%, and 3.75% of CSEO solutions were prepared and evaluated for their potential antibacterial activities against six food spoilage pathogenic bacterial strains. Three Gram-positive strains: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228), Streptococcus agalactiae (ATCC 12386) and three Gram-negative strains: Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 35659), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) were used as test microorganisms. Compared to ciprofloxacin, a positive control, the promising antibacterial activity was observed for CSEO against S. aureus at minimum and maximum test solutions as the values of the zone of inhibition diameter (ZID, mm) were recorded as 14.33 ± 0.58 for 3.75% CSEO solution and 30.67 ± 0.58 for 60% CSEO solution. Tests of CSEO solutions generally showed stronger antibacterial activities against Gram-positive than Gram-negative strains. Therefore, CSEO contains potent chemical constituents that might be applicable in treating pathogenic bacterial species.
A Method for Rapidly Determining the Seismic Performance of Buildings Based on Remote‐Sensing Imagery and Its Application
Authors: Yu Sihan , Xie Xiaofeng , Du Peng , Wang Xiaoqing , Yang Shun , Liu Chao
Published: October 2022

Remote‐sensing images are visually interpreted in this study to obtain information on buildings in the urban and rural areas of Ningxia, China. Overall, area estimates yielded by the proposed equations followed a normal distribution. Correlation and error analyses indicated that the coefficients are reasonable and reliable and that the building area estimates have an accuracy of 90% and are also reliable. These results were used in conjunction with drone aerial images, Baidu street view images, and paper maps to determine the seismic performance (SP) of the buildings in the study area. On this basis, the buildings were classified into three groups, namely, those with the required SP, suspected substandard SP, and substandard SP. Examination based on the field survey data collected from at least one sample site in each village and township in all 22 county‐level divisions (CLDs) of Ningxia showed an average SP accuracy of 76% for all 22 CLDs and an SP accuracy exceeding 70% for 20 (91%) of the 22 CLDs. Based on this approach and the results obtained, the ArcGIS spatial analysis method was employed to determine the percentages and distribution patterns of the buildings in the three SP groups in the 22 CLDs. The results revealed the following features. Buildings with the required SP were clustered in the urban areas of each CLD, with a few in the village and township government seats. Buildings with suspected substandard SP were distributed predominantly in the rural‐urban fringe (RUF) areas and the village and township government seats. Buildings with substandard SP were found primarily in urban villages, RUF areas, and urban areas. The soundness of the spatial analysis results was corroborated by the field survey data, lending credence to the feasibility of the proposed calculation method. This method can satisfy the real‐world need for rapidly assessing the SP and distribution of buildings in a region before an earthquake occurs and provide a reliable reference for disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief efforts.
Real-Life Efficacy of Bevacizumab Treatment for Macular Edema Secondary to Central Retinal Vein Occlusion according to Pro Re Nata or Treat-and-Extend Regimen in Eyes with or without Epiretinal Membrane
Authors: Hamam Moustafa , Lagali Neil , Abdulnour Elie , Setterud Helen , Johansson Björn , Mirabelli Pierfrancesco
Published: October 2022

Purpose. To present real-life data of patients with macular edema (ME) secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) treated with bevacizumab (BVZ); determine the possible influence of epiretinal membrane (ERM) on treatment efficacy; and compare treatment outcomes in a treat-and-extend regimen (TER) versus pro re nata (PRN). Methods. We carried out a retrospective analysis of 58 eyes (56 patients) with new-onset CRVO treated only with intravitreal bevacizumab according to TER or PRN. Outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) at baseline and 12 months after the first treatment, number of visits and injections, and presence of ERM confirmed by optical coherence tomography in the first 6 months. Results. At 12 months, the mean number of injections was 6.3 across all eyes, with significantly more injections given in TER (

p
<
0.001

). Mean CRT improved from 627 μm to 359 μm (

p
<
0.001

) in all eyes, with improvement noted in TER (

p
<
0.001

), PRN (

p
<
0.001

), ERM (

p
=
0.003

), and non-ERM (

p
<
0.001

) subgroups. The mean BCVA gain was +13.6 letters, and the mean BCVA improved from 0.81 to 0.54 LogMAR (

p
<
0.001

) in all eyes. BCVA improvement from baseline was significant in TER (

p
<
0.001

) and non-ERM (

p
<
0.001

) but not in PRN (

p
=
0.08

) or ERM (

p
=
0.2

) subgroups. Seven eyes, all receiving PRN treatment, developed neovascularization. Conclusions. Intravitreal bevacizumab according to either PRN or TER resolved edema and stabilized vision in the first 12 months, with TER yielding significant visual improvement and avoiding neovascular complications. ERM had no influence on bevacizumab efficacy in reducing ME in CRVO during 12 months of treatment.
Free Vibration Analysis of Cross-Ply Laminated Conical Shell, Cylindrical Shell, and Annular Plate with Variable Thickness Using the Haar Wavelet Discretization Method
Authors: Kim Jangsu , Kim Kwanghun , Kim Kwangil , Hong Kwonryong , Paek Chonghyok
Published: October 2022

This paper presents a unified solution method to investigate the free vibration behaviors of a laminated composite conical shell, a cylindrical shell, and an annular plate with variable thickness and arbitrary boundary conditions using the Haar wavelet discretization method (HWDM). Theoretical formulation is established based on the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT), and displacement components are extended to the Haar wavelet series in the axis direction and trigonometric series in the circumferential direction. The constants generated by the integration process are disposed by boundary conditions, and thus the equations of the motion of the total system, including the boundary condition, are transformed into algebraic equations. Then, the natural frequencies of the laminated composite structures are directly obtained by solving these algebraic equations. The stability and accuracy of the present method are verified through convergence and validation studies. The effects of some material properties and geometric parameters on the free vibration of laminated composite shells are discussed and some related mode shapes are given. Some new results for laminated composite conical shell, cylindrical shell, and annular plate with variable thickness and arbitrary boundary conditions are presented, which may serve as benchmark solutions.
Remediation of Soils Contaminated by Fluoride Using a Fermentation Product of Seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii)
Authors: Moirana Ruth Lorivi , Mkunda Josephine , Paradelo Marcos , Machunda Revocatus , Mtei Kelvin
Published: October 2022

This study investigated the efficacy of fermented seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) on the remediation of fluoride-contaminated soil. The soil was amended with either 1.25, 3.0, or 5.0% (w/w) fermented seaweed (FSW), parallel with the controls (0%). The amendment improved the physicochemical properties of the soil particularly pH regulated from strong alkaline (9.3) to neutral (7.0) which is essential for germination, crop growth, and yield. The amount of water soluble-fluoride (Ws-F) dropped from 81.7 ± 3.1 mg/kg to 42.7 ± 2.4, 33.7 ± 1.2, 19.6 ± 0.9, and 12 ± 1.3 mg/kg following 0, 1.25, 3, and 5% amendment dosage, respectively. Most of the Ws-F was converted into exchangeable fluoride (Ex-F) and to fluoride-bound to iron and manganese (Fe/Mn-F). Furthermore, the amendment also enhanced microbial mass and diversity in the soil. The FSW contains organic acids which participate in ionic bonding with the multivalent cations in the soil. The formed compound participates in ion exchange with clay or with anionic adsorption to positively charged clay sites at the edges. This interaction is further essential for enhancing the fluoride holding capacity of the soil. The use of seaweed reduced the bioavailability of fluoride in the agricultural soils and had positive effects on promoting soil fertility. However, further studies to observe its effects on crop performance is of significance.
Exploration of Erdaohe Silver Polymetallic Deposit in Inner Mongolia based on Induced Polarization Method
Authors: Li Baoyou , Shi Zhiqing , Yang Zhiguang , Xu Lan , Cheng Hanlie , Sturdivant David
Published: October 2022

The exploration of Erdaohe Cu-Ag-Pb-Zn deposit in Zhalantun City, Inner Mongolia has entered the stage of blind exploration. It is a difficult problem at this stage whether common geophysical methods can find anomalies caused by 300∼1000 m or deeper Pb-Zn deposits in this area. Whether the problem is solved or not has a strong practical significance for the current and future prospecting work in this area. According to the theory of induced polarization sounding in time domain, it is considered in this paper that when the parameters such as high power, suitable device, and time delay are well coupled with the deep blind ore, it is possible to find anomalies caused by deep lead-zinc ore larger than 300 m. In order to prove the feasibility of the deep application of this method, the high-power induced polarization sounding experiment with different devices and different power supply cycles was carried out in Erdaohe copper-silver lead-zinc mine. The test results show that by adopting the measurement method of the encrypted equipotential device and selecting the appropriate polar distance, when the power supply period is 32 s, the time delay is 200 s and the sampling width is 200 s, a good deep lead-zinc mine anomaly can be found. The equipotential symmetrical quadrupole sounding MN/AB = 1/10 and the depth correction coefficient is 0.41 for inversion can accurately determine the anomaly location, which is worthy of popularization and application in this area. The ore bodies in this area are controlled by structures and distributed in lenticular layers along the fault footwall interlayer fracture zone. The ore bodies may change with the occurrence of the fracture surface. The characteristics of low resistivity, low slow, and high polarization of IP and single peak anomaly of IP sounding are important signs of lead-zinc prospecting in this area.
Overexpressed Histocompatibility Minor 13 was Associated with Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression and Prognosis
Authors: Zong Rui-Qing , Zhang Hong-Yan , Li Xiao-Ying , Li Yi-ran , Chen Ying
Published: October 2022

Among primary liver carcinoma cases, the proportion of liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) cases is 75%–85%. Current treatments for LIHC include chemotherapy, surgical excision, and liver transplantation, which are effective for early LIHC treatment. Nevertheless, the early symptoms of liver carcinoma are atypical, so a large proportion of LIHC patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Histocompatibility minor 13 (HM13), located in the endoplasmic reticulum, is responsible for catalysing the hydrolysis of some signal peptides after cleavage from the precursor protein. Here, we studied the role of HM13 in LIHC development through bioinformatics analysis. Database analysis showed that HM13 was of great significance for LIHC tumorigenesis. Compared to normal liver tissues, HM13 expression was increased to a greater extent in LIHC tissues. After analysis of Kaplan‒Meier plotter and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) datasets, we discovered that highly expressed HM13 exhibited an association with shorter overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and disease-specific survival (DSS). We conducted Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses to analyse HM13-related genes, and the data indicated that these genes obviously participated in rRNA processing, ribosome biogenesis, spliceosome, Huntington's disease, and ATP-dependent helicase activity. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and Transwell assay showed that reducing HM13 expression hindered LIHC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In conclusion, these findings indicate that HM13 is a biomarker and is related to the poor prognosis of LIHC. Our results are conducive to discovering new targets for LIHC treatment.
Genetic Variability and Association of Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes in Gechi District, South West Ethiopia
Authors: Geneti Garome Shifaraw , Kebede Sentayehu Alamerew , Mekonnen Techale Birhan
Published: October 2022

Bread wheat is the world’s leading cereal grain, and more than one-third of the world’s population uses it as a staple food. The bread wheat production in Ethiopia is low compsssared to the national average yield, mainly due to the lack of high-yielding genotypes. This study was conducted during the 2019-2020 growing season to assess genetic variability and estimate the association of traits among bread wheat genotypes. The experiment consists of 49 bread wheat genotypes and is laid out in 7 × 7 simple lattice designs. The results showed significant differences (

p

 < 0.01) among genotypes for most of the studied traits. Moderate genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) values were estimated for yield plant −1, thousand seed weight, and biomass yield. High heritability coupled with a high GAM was observed for thousand seed weight and yield plant –1. The grain yield showed a highly significant (

p

 < 0.01) correlation with many yield-related traits at the phenotypic and genotypic levels. The biomass yield and the harvest index exerted the highest positive direct effect on grain yield at the genotypic level. The highest intercluster distance was observed between clusters I and IV (D2 = 31.86

∗
∗

), followed by clusters II and IV (D2 = 29.21

∗

), and clusters II and III (D2 = 28.24

∗

), which indicated the chance of selecting a member of these clusters for hybridization. This experiment’s result indicates sufficient genetic variability among the tested genotypes, which provides ample scope for selecting superior and desired genotypes. Best-performed genotypes should be included in the future breeding program for further yield improvement. In conclusion, attention should be given to traits with moderate to high heritability and GAM, exerting a positive direct effect on the grain yield. However, the experiment should be repeated over locations and seasons to draw a definite conclusion.
Exploring the Potential Mechanism of Qi-Shen-Di-Huang Drug Formulary for Myasthenia Gravis (MG) based on UHPLC-QE-MS Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Techniques
Authors: Zhang Yibin , Chang Tianying , Lu Qi , Cui Yingzi , Zhang Dongmei , Wang Baitong , Xu Peng , Lu Jing , Ma Jinhui , Lv Zhiguo , Wang Jian
Published: October 2022

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare and refractory autoimmune disease, and Qi Shen Di Huang (QSDH) drug formulary is an in-hospital herbal decoction with proven clinical efficacy in treating MG. Currently, most of the research on the QSDH drug formulary has concentrated on its clinical efficacy, and there is a lack of systematic study on the material basis. The active compounds and their mechanism of action have not been entirely determined. Therefore, this study sought to identify the active compounds in the QSDH drug formulary and analyze the key targets and potential mechanisms. We used ultra-performance liquid chromatography Q Exactive-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE-MS) and Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) database to identify and screen 85 active ingredients corresponding to 59 potential targets (17 herbs) associated with myasthenia gravis, and further identified AKT1 as the primary core target and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway as the most substantial enriched pathway. Molecular docking and UPLC-MS analysis identified quercetin, luteolin, wogonin, kaempferol, laccasein, and epigallocatechin gallate are the core compounds of the QSDH drug formulary. In vivo rat studies showed that the QSDH drug formulary reduced Lennon’s clinical score and decreased acetylcholine receptor antibody levels in peripheral blood rats with experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. In addition, the QSDH drug formulary downregulated P-PI3K/PI3K and P-Akt/Akt protein expression. Collectively, these findings describe the role and potential mechanism of the QSDH drug formulary in the treatment of MG, which exerts potential value by acting on AKT targets and regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and providing a theoretical reference for QSDH drug formulary application in the clinical treatment of MG.