bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive, Analytical Narrative Review of Polysaccharides from the Red Seaweed Gracilaria: Pharmaceutical Applications and Mechanistic Insights for Human Health
Authors: Khandwal Deepesh , Patel Sapna , Pandey Abhay Kumar , Mishra Avinash
Published: February 2025

Gracilaria species, a widely distributed genus of red macroalgae, have gathered significant attention for their diverse medical applications attributable to their bioactive sulphated polysaccharides (SPs). This review examines the global narrative of various Gracilaria SP applications in terms of their therapeutic potential and mechanistic insights into the use of these SPs against a range of medical conditions, including cancer, inflammation, neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, and immune dysfunctions. SPs extracted from G. lemaneiformis and G. fisheri have demonstrated potent anti-tumour activities by inducing apoptosis through various mechanisms, including the upregulation of CD8+ T cells and IL-2, inhibition of EGFR/MAPK/ERK signalling pathways, and activation of the Fas/FasL pathway. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) conjugated with SPs further enhanced the targeted delivery and efficacy of these SPs against glioblastoma by the downregulation of ROS followed by the activation of p53, MAPK, and AKT pathways. The anti-inflammatory properties of SPs are evidenced by key suppressive inflammatory markers like NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in mutant rodent models. SPs from G. cornea and G. birdiae effectively reduce neutrophil migration and vascular permeability, offering potential treatments for acute inflammation and conditions such as colitis by modulating pathways involving COX-2 and NF-κB. Neuroprotective effects by SPs (from G. cornea and G. gracili) studied in 6-OHDA-induced rats, which mitigate oxidative stress and enhance neuronal cell viability, facilitate the management of neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. Regarding the hypoglycaemic effect, SPs from G. lemaneiformis exhibit a glucose-modulating response by improving insulin regulation, inhibiting α-amylase activity, repairing pancreatic β-cells, and modulating lipid metabolism. Moreover, immunomodulatory activities of Gracilaria-derived SPs include the stimulation of macrophages, T-cell proliferation, and cytokine production, underscoring their potential as functional food and immunotherapeutic agents. Recently, Gracilaria-derived SPs have been found to modulate gut microbiota, promote SCFA production, and enhance gut microbials, suggesting their potential as prebiotic agents (G. rubra and G. lemaneiformis). This review highlights the multifaceted medical applications of Gracilaria sulphated polysaccharides, providing detailed mechanistic insights and suggesting avenues for future clinical translation and therapeutic innovations.
Cognitive Performance in Relation to Systemic and Brain Iron at Perimenopause
Authors: Barnett Amy L. , Wenger Michael J. , Miles Pamela , Wu Dee , Isingizwe Zitha Redempta , Benbrook Doris M. , Yuan Han
Published: February 2025

Background: The literature on the relationships among blood iron levels, cognitive performance, and brain iron levels specific to women at the menopausal transition is ambiguous at best. The need to better understand these potential relationships in women for whom monthly blood loss (and thus iron loss) is ceasing is highlighted by iron’s accumulation in brain tissue over time, thought to be a factor in the development of neurodegenerative disease. Methods: Non-anemic women who were either low in iron or had normal iron levels for their age and race/ethnicity provided blood samples, underwent MRI scans to estimate brain iron levels, and performed a set of cognitive tasks with concurrent EEG. Results: Cognitive performance and brain dynamics were positively related to iron levels, including measures associated with oxygen transport. There were no relationships between any of the blood measures of iron and brain iron. Conclusions: Higher iron status was associated with better cognitive performance in a sample of women who were neither iron deficient nor anemic, without there being any indication that higher levels of systemic iron were related to higher levels of brain iron. Consequently, addressing low iron levels at the menopausal transition may be a candidate approach for alleviating the “brain fog” commonly experienced at menopause.
The Effect of Gravity on Antimatter: The ALPHA Experiment
Authors: Bonomi Germano
Published: February 2025

Although the gravitational interaction between matter and antimatter has been the subject of theoretical speculation since the discovery of the latter in 1928, only recently was the ALPHA experiment at CERN able to observe, for the first time, the effects of gravity on antimatter atoms, namely on antihydrogen. After an introduction of the concept of antimatter, along with its still-unresolved mysteries, details about how antihydrogen is produced at the Antimatter Factory at CERN will be given. Finally, the measurement of the acceleration of gravity of antihydrogen atoms falling in the Earth’s gravitational field will be described.
Deciphering Host–Pathogen Interactions: Role of Cryptosporidium in Tumorigenesis
Authors: Hussain Shakeel , Ain Qurrat ul , Aamir Muhammad , Alsyaad Khalid M. , Ahmed Ahmed Ezzat , Zakai Jude G. , Zakai Haytham Ahmed , Hou Yongzhong
Published: February 2025

Cryptosporidium, a protozoan parasite affecting the gastrointestinal system, is primarily known for causing diarrhea, especially in those with weakened immune systems. However, there is increasingly persuasive evidence that it may be directly involved in tumorigenesis. This review examines some of the potential mechanisms through which Cryptosporidium infections can induce cancer, specifically chronic inflammation, manipulation of the immune system, and alteration of cell signaling pathways. Persistent inflammation with immune system changes due to chronic infection, particularly among immunocompromised hosts, leads to a microenvironment that facilitates tumorigenesis. Cryptosporidium manipulates important cellular pathways such as PI3K, NF-κB, Wnt, and p38/MAPK to promote cell survival, regulate immune responses, and foster tissue remodeling, all of which contribute to a tumor-friendly microenvironment. Moreover, Cryptosporidium virulence factors such as ROP1, sPLA2, and microRNAs disrupt host cellular stability and significantly alter host cellular gene expression, which also exacerbates inflammation and tissue damage. Epidemiological data have indicated higher rates of Cryptosporidium infection in cancer patients, especially patients with gastrointestinal cancers. This, among other observations, raises the possibility that the infection may be connected to cancer progression. In animal models, especially studies with C. parvum-challenged rodents, chronic inflammation, immune repression, and genetic mutations related to neoplasia have been reported. While this has provided us with valuable information, we still have a long way to go to fully understand the long-term ramifications of Cryptosporidium infection. These cover aspects such as the contribution of latent infections and the genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium strains in cancer. Further investigation is urgently needed to understand the molecular processes by which Cryptosporidium might contribute to carcinogenesis and explore potential strategies for therapy and prevention especially among immunocompromised populations.
Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Hepatitis B, HIV, and Syphilis Among Survivors of Sexual Violence in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Adeniyi Oladele Vincent , Masilela Charity , Durojaiye Oyewole Christopher
Published: February 2025

Understanding the prevalence of hepatitis B (HBV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and syphilis among survivors of sexual violence in South Africa is crucial for guiding targeted healthcare interventions, despite the limited available data. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of these infections and their associated risk factors in survivors from the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. This retrospective cross-sectional study reviewed 1957 medical records of survivors of sexual violence who received care at two large healthcare facilities in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa between January 2019 and December 2020. All survivors were screened for HBV, HIV, and syphilis infections. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with HIV and syphilis infections. The overall seroprevalence rates for HBV, syphilis, and HIV were 0.7%, 4.9%, and 17.3%, respectively. Six individuals were co-infected with at least two of these infections. Predictors for HIV infection included age (age < 16: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03–0.08 and ages 16–25: aOR 0.45; 95% CI, 0.34–0.59) and black race (aOR 4.78; 95% CI, 1.09–20.88). Predictors for syphilis infection were age (age < 16: aOR 0.05; 95% CI, 0.02–0.15 and ages 16–25: aOR 0.41; 95% CI, 0.25–0.66) and residing in an urban area (aOR 0.23; 95% CI, 0.10–0.50). Survivors of sexual violence are at increased risk of HBV, HIV, and syphilis. Urgent measures are needed to provide comprehensive screening, treatment, prevention, and education to address this critical public health issue.
Poetry and Ordinary Language: Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Macarthur David
Published: February 2025

Poetry is a creation of ordinary words put to extraordinary use [...]
Compliant Motion Planning Integrating Human Skill for Robotic Arm Collecting Tomato Bunch Based on Improved DDPG
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Li Yajun , Feng Qingchun , Sun Jiahui , Peng Chuanlang , Gao Liangzheng , Chen Liping
Published: February 2025

Dexterous manipulation and gradual placement are crucial for preserving fruit integrity during harvesting. Addressing the limitations of conventional path planning methods in learning manual compliant skills, we propose a novel method for tomato bunch collection that integrates human-robot skill transfer with Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG). In our method, a demonstrator manually guided the robotic arm using an existing tomato collection mechanism, with spatial trajectories recorded as demonstration paths. We then developed an enhanced DDPG-Z model that incorporates human skill replay for pre-training, expert reward regression loss to stabilize pre-training, and dynamic step-length returns to balance short- and long-term rewards. Subsequently, the agent was trained to minimize the deviations of key points between the demonstration paths and actual paths, effectively approximating human operations. In a highly realistic simulation environment, our method achieved a 25% improvement in convergence speed, a 10.3% increase in post-convergence reward, and a 51.3% boost in destination accuracy compared to the case without the demonstrations, whereas classical models such as DDPG, SAC (Soft Actor-Critic), and TD3 (Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient) failed to converge within the prescribed episodes. This work provides valuable insights for enhancing the compliant operational performance of agricultural robots.
Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Quinoa Landraces Cultivated in the Ecuadorian Highlands Since the Early 1980s
Authors: Delgado Hipatia , Martín Juan Pedro
Published: February 2025

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) landraces have been cultivated ancestrally in the Andean highlands of Ecuador, where they have had great social and nutritional importance for the native population. Currently, there is scarce information on its genetic diversity and conservation status, and none on the changes that may have occurred in recent decades. In this study, we assessed the genetic diversity of 268 accessions (1340 samples; five per accession) of quinoa landraces collected at two different times (1978–1988 and 2014–2015) in three representative Ecuadorian Andean provinces for this crop (Imbabura, Cotopaxi and Chimborazo) using eight simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A total of 124 alleles were found, with a range of 11–24 per locus (mean = 15.5). Averages of expected heterozygosity (He) and Shannon information index (I) were 0.763 and 1.821, respectively. The most informative loci were 3_QAAT050 and 7_QAAT100, with discrimination power (D) values above 92%. Moreover, 1055 different genotypes were found, of which 939 were unique genotypes. This high level of genetic diversity could be explained by the intensive exchange of seeds between farmers in the Andean region. In addition, no significant differences were found in the main genetic diversity parameters between collections and/or provinces. If there is no significant quantitative loss of genetic diversity over the last four decades, this would indicate that indigenous farming communities of this Andean region are preserving their ancestral quinoa germplasm reasonably well. Furthermore, two genetic groups were found with a genetic distance of 0.337. Samples in these groups appear to be related to their provincial origin. This may be due to the different ways in which quinoa landraces are managed and conserved in the different Andean provinces. The results obtained may be very useful for the suitable management and conservation of this ancestral plant genetic resource, both on farm by indigenous farming communities and ex situ by the Germplasm Bank of the Ecuadorian National Institute for Agricultural Research (INIAP).
Polymeric Heart Valves: Do They Represent a Reliable Alternative to Current Prosthetic Devices?
Authors: Todesco Martina , Lezziero Gianluca , Gerosa Gino , Bagno Andrea
Published: February 2025

With the increasing number of people suffering from heart valve diseases (e.g., stenosis and/or insufficiency), the attention paid to prosthetic heart valves has grown significantly. Developing a prosthetic device that fully replaces the functionality of the native valve remains a huge challenge. Polymeric heart valves (PHVs) represent an appealing option, offering the potential to combine the robustness of mechanical valves with the enhanced biocompatibility of bioprosthetic ones. Over the years, novel biomaterials (such as promising new polymers and nanocomposites) and innovative designs have been explored for possible applications in manufacturing PHVs. This work provides a comprehensive overview of PHVs’ evolution in terms of materials, design, and fabrication techniques, including in vitro and in vivo studies. Moreover, it addresses the drawbacks associated with PHV implementation, such as their limited biocompatibility and propensity for sudden failure in vivo. Future directions for further development are presented. Notably, PHVs can be particularly relevant for transcatheter application, the most recent minimally invasive approach for heart valve replacement. Despite current challenges, PHVs represent a promising area of research with the potential to revolutionize the treatment of heart valve diseases, offering more durable and less invasive solutions for patients.
Combined Cycle Gas Turbine System with Molten Salt Energy Storage: Peak Regulation and Flexibility
Authors: Cao Lihua , Yu Jingwen , Wang Lei , Xu Xin
Published: February 2025

With the increase in the amount of new energy in new power systems, the response speed of power demand changes in combined cycle gas turbines (CCGTs) is facing new challenges. This paper studies an integrated operation strategy for the coupled molten salt energy storage of CCGT systems, and analyzes the system through simulation calculation. The advantages of the coupled system are determined by comparing the electrical output regulation capability, thermoelectric ratio, gas consumption rate, and peaking capacity ratio. In addition, using stored energy to maintain the temperature of the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) can shorten the system’s restart time, improve the unit’s operating efficiency, and reduce the start-up cost. Our findings can be used as a reference for accelerating the performance improvement of CCGT systems, which is also crucial in technologies for waste heat recovery, molten salt energy storage technology, and promoting the sustainable development of energy systems.
A Milled-Provisional Crown with Attachment: A Novel Prosthodontic Design to Facilitate Orthodontic Treatment
Authors: Alamri Abdulaziz , Al-Dulaijan Yousif A.
Published: February 2025

Background: This case report addresses the challenges of integrating orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment, particularly in clear aligner cases. The study introduces a novel milled-provisional crown with attachment (M-PCA) technique designed to enhance treatment efficacy and reduce orthodontic attachment debonding, a common issue in clear aligner therapy. Case Report: This is a case report that presents a 49-year-old female patient seeking orthodontic treatment for Class III malocclusion along with periodontal and prosthodontic challenges. The treatment plan involved a multidisciplinary approach, including using M-PCA for temporization during clear aligner therapy. Conclusions: The M-PCA approach demonstrated promising results, with no reported complications such as orthodontic attachment debonding throughout the treatment period. This innovation offers a significant advantage in managing orthodontic cases requiring provisional crowns, ensuring retention, and facilitating orthodontic treatment.
Real-Time Implementation of a Microcontroller-Based Coupled-Tank Water Level Control System with Feedback Linearization and Fuzzy Logic Controller Algorithms
Authors: Yesil Bahadir , Sahin Savas
Published: February 2025

An embedded coupled tank system (CTS) based on an ARM Cortex M7 microcontroller is developed for liquid level control, utilizing three nonlinear control strategies: fuzzy logic controller (FLC), feedback linearization (FL)-based proportional integral derivative (PID) controller, and FL-based FLC. The goal is to maintain an accurate predefined water level in the second tank and compare the performance of these controllers in terms of overshoot, settling time, and tracking accuracy. The CTS model is developed using physical parameters obtained from a real experimental setup. The controllers are first simulated in Matlab/Simulink and then tested on a physical CTS prototype, featuring a microcontroller interface with pumps, actuators, and sensors for real-time control and data acquisition. A custom graphical user interface and software are developed for conducting experiments and acquiring data. Results show that FL-based FLC and FL-based PID controllers offer better overshoot and tracking performances than FLC on nonlinear CTS. However, FLC and FL-based FLC outperform FL-based PID in settling time, with FL-based FLC showing very good performance in terms of tracking accuracy, overshoot, and settling time.
Transformers in EEG Analysis: A Review of Architectures and Applications in Motor Imagery, Seizure, and Emotion Classification
Authors: Vafaei Elnaz , Hosseini Mohammad
Published: February 2025

Transformers have rapidly influenced research across various domains. With their superior capability to encode long sequences, they have demonstrated exceptional performance, outperforming existing machine learning methods. There has been a rapid increase in the development of transformer-based models for EEG analysis. The high volumes of recently published papers highlight the need for further studies exploring transformer architectures, key components, and models employed particularly in EEG studies. This paper aims to explore four major transformer architectures: Time Series Transformer, Vision Transformer, Graph Attention Transformer, and hybrid models, along with their variants in recent EEG analysis. We categorize transformer-based EEG studies according to the most frequent applications in motor imagery classification, emotion recognition, and seizure detection. This paper also highlights the challenges of applying transformers to EEG datasets and reviews data augmentation and transfer learning as potential solutions explored in recent years. Finally, we provide a summarized comparison of the most recent reported results. We hope this paper serves as a roadmap for researchers interested in employing transformer architectures in EEG analysis.
Utilization of Classification Learning Algorithms for Upper-Body Non-Cyclic Motion Prediction
Authors: Koo Bon H. , Siu Ho Chit , Newman Dava J. , Roche Ellen T. , Petersen Lonnie G.
Published: February 2025

This study explores two methods of predicting non-cyclic upper-body motions using classification algorithms. Exoskeletons currently face challenges with low fluency, hypothesized to be in part caused by the lag in active control innate in many leader–follower paradigms seen in today’s systems, leading to energetic inefficiencies and discomfort. To address this, we employ k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and deep learning models to predict motion characteristics, such as magnitude and category, from surface electromyography (sEMG) signals. Data were collected from six muscles located around the elbow. The sEMG signals were processed to identify significant activation changes. Two classification approaches were utilized: a KNN algorithm that categorizes motion based on the slopes of processed sEMG signals at change points and a deep neural network employing continuous categorization. Both methods demonstrated the capability to predict future voluntary non-cyclic motions up to and beyond commonly acknowledged electromechanical delay times, with the deep learning model able to predict, with certainty at or beyond 90%, motion characteristics even prior to myoelectric activation of the muscles involved. Our findings indicate that these classification algorithms can be used to predict upper-body non-cyclic motions to potentially increase machine interfacing fluency. Further exploration into regression-based prediction models could enhance the precision of these predictions, and further work could explore their effects on fluency when utilized in a tandem or wearable robotic application.
Improving the Employability and Wellbeing of Care-Experienced Young People: Initial Findings from the I-CAN Project
Authors: Jayman Michelle
Published: February 2025

Background: Care-experienced young people face an elevated risk of experiencing disadvantages across manifold domains, including health, housing, education, and employment. There is a dearth of accessible interventions targeted at this population to help them navigate the ‘cliff-edge’ transition to adulthood and improve their life chances. The 8-week I-CAN programme was designed to address the provision gaps and support care-experienced young people’s learning, personal development, and progression. Methods: A mixed methods design was used as part of a pilot evaluation study. The participants were n = 11 care-experienced young adults (three males; eight females); aged 19–30 years, M = 22 (3.17). The data collection methods comprised programme statistics, well-validated, self-reported questionnaires, and a focus group with I-CAN programme recipients. Results: The integrated quantitative and qualitative findings showed tentative support for the effectiveness of the I-CAN programme, with the majority of care-experienced young adults transitioning to a confirmed progression route (training, education, or employment) after completing the programme. The findings cautiously suggest that alongside proposed learning outcomes, the recipients benefited in terms of their personal development (mental wellbeing and positive self-image and empowerment). Some candidate core ‘ingredients’ or factors that had facilitated positive programme outcomes were also identified. Conclusions: Future research should focus on integrating theoretical, outcome, and process issues, and refining the I-CAN theory of change.
Social and Economic Impacts of Transportation Multi-Modal and Multi-Service Hub Development
Authors: Quiroz Villanueva Martín Jesus , Guglielmi Francesco , De Fabiis Francesco , Coppola Pierluigi
Published: February 2025

This article aims to offer a novel perspective on investments in new multi-modal and multi-service transportation hubs, examining their wider economic and social impacts. Through a systematic literature review following a “What, When, Where” approach, as well as a meta-analysis based on the results of selected studies, this research synthesizes existing knowledge and identifies gaps in the field. Key findings indicate that developments of new transportation hubs receive the most attention, particularly concerning their effects on real estate and employment markets. Transit-induced gentrification is also widely discussed, with evidence suggesting it may also affect the commercial sector. Additionally, this review reveals that potential benefits can vary among stakeholders and may begin to emerge not only once projects are operational but also as early as the announcement phase. This article concludes that while investments in transport infrastructure are essential, they are not sufficient alone for sustainable urban development. Complementary policies, such as affordable housing, public safety initiatives, and the promotion of community engagement, along with continuous impact monitoring, are key planning drivers for achieving inclusive and sustainable growth. The insights obtained from this research may work as a knowledge tool for designing more sustainable and effective transportation policies.
Circular Economy: Literature Review on the Implementation of the Digital Product Passport (DPP) in the Textile Industry
Authors: Carvalho Catarina , Silva Carla Joana , Abreu Maria José
Published: February 2025

The development of a system to store and share key information about productlifecycles offers a key opportunity to improve the textile and apparel industry. Theintroduction of the digital product passport (DPP) serves as an inclusive tool that enablesindustry stakeholders—companies, suppliers, stakeholders, government organizations,public institutions, and consumers—to more accurately track the journey, characteristics,components, and environmental impact of products. This study explores the implementationand potential of the DPP, highlighting its transformative role as a bridge betweentechnological innovation and sustainability in the textile and apparel sector. By providingunprecedented transparency and traceability, the DPP disrupts conventional industryparadigms and facilitates sustainable practices. The findings highlight the DPP’s ability toconsolidate disparate data into a unified system that provides stakeholders with actionableinsights that were previously unavailable. In addition, the study identifies regulatory andoperational gaps and positions the DPP as a pioneering solution to these challenges. This issignificant progress toward operationalizing the principles of the circular economy andfostering innovation along the entire value chain. In line with the European Commission’s2020 Circular Economy Action Plan, the DPP complements initiatives such as the Ecodesignfor Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR) and improves product traceability. By providingstakeholders with reliable, comparable data, it supports informed decision making andpromotes transparency, decarbonization, and sustainability. This analysis underlines thepotential of the DPP to transform the sector into a better informed and environmentallyconscious industry.
A Case of Severe Respiratory Failure Caused by Metapneumovirus and Influenza Virus in a Patient with HIV Infection
Authors: Pipitò Luca , Mazzola Chiara Vincenza , Bono Eleonora , Gioè Claudia , Giammanco Giovanni M. , Bonura Celestino , Cascio Antonio
Published: February 2025

Background: Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a significant cause of respiratory infections, particularly in children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. However, data on HMPV infection in people living with HIV (PLWH) are limited, and cases of co-infection with influenza A virus in this population have not been previously described. Case Presentation: We reported the case of a 73-year-old HIV-positive man with multiple comorbidities, including insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, who presented with fever, asthenia, and glycometabolic decompensation. Despite an initially unremarkable chest computed tomography (CT) scan, the patient developed progressive respiratory failure, requiring high-flow oxygen therapy. Molecular testing using the BIOFIRE® FILMARRAY® Pneumonia Panel Plus identified HMPV and influenza A virus as the causative pathogens. Bacterial cultures were negative, allowing for the discontinuation of empirical antibiotic therapy. The patient was successfully weaned off oxygen therapy and discharged after clinical improvement. Conclusions: This case highlights the potential severity of HMPV and influenza A co-infection in PLWH, emphasizing the importance of molecular diagnostics in distinguishing viral from bacterial infections. Rapid and accurate pathogen identification is essential for guiding appropriate antimicrobial stewardship and optimizing patient outcomes in community-acquired pneumonia.
Discharge Capacity of the Flood Discharge Shaft in a Tailings Reservoir: An Experimental and Numerical Study
Authors: Liu Xinjie , Wang Guangjin , Zhao Bing , Liu Gaolin , Sang Yongshuai
Published: February 2025

In China, tailings reservoirs often experience failure events due to inadequate discharge capacity or flood discharge system failures. To ensure the safe and reliable operation of the flood discharge system in a tailings reservoir, this study investigated the discharge capacity of a tailings reservoir in Henan Province, China, through hydraulic model tests and numerical simulations conducted using FLOW-3D. The results indicated that when the water head was below 0.8 m, the flow was in a non-pressurized regime with low discharge capacity. As the water head increased to 0.8–1.2 m, air began to be entrained into the flow, leading to an alternating regime between open-channel flow and full-pipe flow. Once the water head exceeded 1.2 m, the flow expelled air and transitioned into a pressurized full-pipe regime. At a water head of 1.6 m, the flow was in a pressurized full-pipe regime. The experimental flow rate, flow velocity, and flow regime of flood discharge shaft No. 1 closely matched the simulation results. Additionally, the discharge capacity of the shaft increased as the height of the discharge window was raised. The discharge capacity and flow velocity of the discharge windows on the eighth layer were 30.1% and 29.2% higher, respectively, than those on the first layer, which indicated that the system’s drainage capacity increased as the shaft length increased. However, increasing the height of the discharge window increased the likelihood of an alternating regime between open-channel flow and full-pipe flow. During the operation of the tailings reservoir drainage system, it is essential to ensure that the upper-layer discharge windows are functioning while minimizing the occurrence of unfavorable flow regimes. The discharge water head should be controlled to remain below 0.8 m. These operations not only ensure that the discharge capacity meets the requirements but also enable the drainage tunnel to operate safely and effectively over the long term. The findings of this study can provide a scientific basis for the design and safe operation of tailings reservoir drainage systems.
Identifying the Key Controlling Factors of Icings in Permafrost Regions: A Case Study of Eruu, Sakha Republic, Russia
Authors: Li Ruotong , Yu Miao , Jia Minghui , Wang Zijun , Yao Hao , Shang Yunhu
Published: February 2025

Icings, a significant hydrogeological phenomenon in permafrost regions, form when groundwater flows to the surface or through river crevices and freezes under low temperatures. These formations pose serious threats to infrastructure, including roads, railways, and bridges, while also serving as vital freshwater resources. Despite their importance, the mechanisms governing icing formation and the quantitative relationships between groundwater-controlling factors—such as freeze–thaw processes and precipitation—and icing distribution remain poorly understood. This knowledge gap hinders disaster prevention efforts and the sustainable utilization of water resources in cold regions. This study investigates the development patterns and influencing factors of icings in Eruu, a high-latitude permafrost region, using Landsat 4–5 TM, Landsat 7 ETM+, Landsat 8 OLI, and Landsat 9 OLI imagery with a 30 m resolution (2005–2024) and meteorological and geothermal data. By combining NDSI and MDII, the differentiation accuracy of water bodies was improved, and the K-Means clustering algorithm was applied to extract the icing region. The results revealed that the annual icing surface area ranged from 208,800 to 459,000 m2, with a minimum in 2009 and a maximum in 2011. The average annual increase was approximately 4304.5 m2 (p = 0.0255). Icings began freezing in October, radiating outward from the center, and melted by late May or early June. The Pearson correlation analysis showed (1) a strong negative correlation between snowfall and icing area (r = −0.544); (2) a positive correlation between freezing duration and icing area (r = 0.471); and (3) over the study period, annual average temperature and total precipitation exhibited no obvious change trend, with weak positive correlations between icing area and total precipitation (r = 0.290) and annual average temperature (r = 0.248). The observations of icing areas will be further applied to disaster prevention efforts. Additionally, the source of icings is clean and can be extracted for drinking purposes. Therefore, these findings enhance the understanding of icing mechanisms, support the prediction of icing development, and inform disaster prevention and resource management in permafrost regions.
The Application of Citizen Science to Evaluate the Emergency and the Response of the Population in the October 2019 Flash Flood Event in the Francolí River (NE Spain)
Authors: Llasat-Botija Montserrat , Esbrí Laura , Rigo Tomeu , Llasat María Carmen
Published: February 2025

Floods are the natural hazards that cause the most damage and affect the most people in Spain. However, the response of the population and the actions they take before, during and after the emergency can be inappropriate due to inaccurate risk perception and preparation. This paper presents an analysis of the floods of 22–23 October 2019 in the upper area of the Francolí watershed (Catalonia, NE Spain), with the aim of analysing how to improve public perception and impact estimation through citizen science. To this end, a campaign (FLOODUP-Francolí) was organised together with a local institution that helped to engage participants. This consisted of a kick-off conference, a period of participation through tools adapted to the virtual format, including a questionnaire, and a face-to-face conference to present the results. The detailed analysis of the actions taken in the emergency allowed the identification of key aspects to improve flood prevention, response and recovery processes: clarity and consistency of communication, channels of communication, the timing of warnings, the preparedness of the population and the existence of agreed-upon self-protection protocols. Finally, this study demonstrates the contribution of citizen science initiatives in the field of natural hazards to improving community resilience and historical memory.
Correction: Ahmad et al. TiO2/Activated Carbon/2D Selenides Composite Photocatalysts for Industrial Wastewater Treatment. Water 2023, 15, 1788
Authors: Ahmad Shehzad , Tahir Muhammad Suleman , Kamal Ghulam Mustafa , Zhang Xu , Nazir Saima , Tahir Muhammad Bilal , Jiang Bin , Safdar Muhammad
Published: February 2025

In the original publication [...]
Perubahan Tingkat Kesejahteraan Petani Padi Akibat Pandemi Covid-19 pada Tipologi Lahan Berbeda di Sumatra Selatan
Authors: Aryani Desi
Published: February 2025

Sumatra Selatan merupakan salah satu penghasil produksi padi di Indonesia. Tipologi lahan sawah di Sumatra Selatan didominasi oleh empat tipologi lahan yaitu: lebak, pasang surut, tadah hujan, dan irigasi. Adanya perbedaan tipologi lahan akan menghasilkan produksi dan produktivitas yang berbeda sehingga memengaruhi pendapatan dan tingkat kesejahteraan petani. Munculnya pandemi Covid-19 membuat sektor pertanian menjadi tidak normal sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya krisis yang memengaruhi tingkat kesejahteraan petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan pendapatan dan tingkat kesejahteraan petani padi pada tipologi lahan berbeda di Sumatra Selatan dan menganalisis perubahannya akibat pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan dua lokasi penelitian yaitu Kabupaten Banyuasin yang mewakili lahan pasang surut dan Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin yang mewakili lahan tadah hujan dengan total sampel 90 rumah tangga petani padi. Data diolah secara matematis dengan rumus pendapatan dan Nilai Tukar Petani, selanjutnya dianalisis dengan uji t dua sampel berpasangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan dan tingkat kesejahteraan petani padi lahan pasang surut dan lahan tadah hujan di Sumatra Selatan mengalami penurunan saat pandemi Covid-19. NTP lahan pasang surut sebelum pandemi Covid-19 sebesar 110,92 turun menjadi 98,05 saat pandemi Covid-19, sedangkan pada lahan tadah hujan dari 120,06 turun menjadi 100,50.
 
     South Sumatra is one of the rice producers in Indonesia. Rice fields in South Sumatra are typically classified into one of four land types: lowland, tidal land, rainfed, or irrigated. Differences in land typologies result in varying production and productivity levels, which in turn affect farmers’ income and overall welfare. The emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic made the agricultural sector abnormal, causing a crisis that affected the level of farmers’ welfare. This research aimed to analyze differences in income and welfare levels of rice farmers on different land typologies in South Sumatra and analyze changes due to the Covid-19 pandemic. This research used a survey method with two research locations, Banyuasin Regency as the sample of tidal land and Musi Banyuasin Regency as the sample of rainfed land with a total sample of 90 rice farming households. The data was processed mathematically using the income formula and Farmer Exchange Rate, then analyzed using a paired t-test. The results showed that the income and welfare of tidal and rainfed rice farmers in South Sumatra declined during the Covid-19 pandemic. The Farmer Exchange Rate for tidal land before the Covid-19 pandemic was 110.92, dropping to 98.05 during the Covid-19 pandemic, while on rainfed land it dropped from 120.06 to 100.50.
Феномен культури постглобалізму: повоєнні світи та культурна демократія
Authors:   Маріупольський державний університет, Сабадаш Юлія , Янковський Степан
Published: February 2025

Збірник наукових матеріалів V Міжнародної науково-практичної конференції «Феномен культури постглобалізму: повоєнні світи та культурна демократія» (27.11.2024). В конференції взяли участь представники освітянської, наукової, фахової спільнот України, Польщі, Чехії, Ізраїлю, Португалії та інших країн.
Видання адресоване науковцям, викладачам, аспірантам та студентам, а також усім, хто цікавиться актуальними питаннями культурної стійкості, інтеграції, викликами культурної демократії, культурної спадщини та музейної справи, культурної комунікації та діалогу, мистецтва та культуротворення, сучасними викликами культури та технологій, теорією та студіюванням культури, культурологічною та мистецькою освітою.
Феномен культури постглобалізму: повоєнні світи та культурна демократія : програма V міжнар. наук.-практ. конф., м. Київ, 27 листоп. 2024 р.
Authors: Сабадаш Юлія , Янковський Степан
Published: February 2025

Феномен культури постглобалізму: повоєнні світи та культурна демократія : програма V міжнар. наук.-практ. конф., м. Київ, 27 листоп. 2024 р. / заг. ред. Ю. С. Сабадаш, ред. та упоряд. С. В. Янковський. – Київ : Маріуп. держ. ун-т, 2024. – 81 с.
Psiquiatria forense e sistema judicial: os desafios da atuação do perito psiquiatra
Authors: Silveira Francis , Jankowitsch Jhonata
Published: February 2025

Introdução: A atuação do perito psiquiatra no sistema judicial é de fundamental importância, pois envolve a interseção entre saúde mental e direito. Esses profissionais são responsáveis por avaliar a capacidade mental dos indivíduos envolvidos em processos judiciais, influenciando diretamente as decisões jurídicas. Objetivo: O estudo teve como objetivo investigar os desafios que permeiam a atuação do perito psiquiatra na prática forense junto ao sistema judiciário brasileiro, buscando identificar os principais obstáculos enfrentados por esses profissionais e propor diretrizes que contribuam para o aprimoramento de sua atividade no contexto jurídico. Método: O estudo adotou uma abordagem descritivo-exploratória e quantitativa, com aplicação de questionários online contendo 20 perguntas pesquisa contou com 140 profissionais do sistema judicial brasileiro. Resultados: O estudo evidenciou que o perito psiquiatra é fundamental para decisões judiciais justas, mas enfrenta desafios como a desconsideração e má interpretação dos laudos. Constatou-se a falta de capacitação dos operadores do direito em psiquiatria forense, a necessidade de diretrizes padronizadas e a importância de melhorar a comunicação entre peritos e magistrados. Além disso, o estigma social sobre saúde mental ainda prejudica a aceitação dos pareceres psiquiátricos. Conclusões: Conclui-se que o perito psiquiatra é peça-chave para assegurar decisões judiciais mais justas e humanizadas. Contudo, o aprimoramento da comunicação entre psiquiatras e juízes, além do desenvolvimento de normativas padronizadas e capacitação interdisciplinar, é essencial para fortalecer a psiquiatria forense como instrumento eficaz de apoio ao judiciário.
Do direito à propriedade privada
Authors: Almeida Vanessa Cristina dos Anjos de , Cyrillo Gustavo Barreto , Araújo Elder Pires
Published: February 2025

Este trabalho aborda o direito à propriedade privada no contexto brasileiro, destacando suas múltiplas dimensões e a importância de sua função social. O direito à propriedade é consagrado na Constituição Federal de 1988, especificamente nos artigos 5º, inciso XXII, e 182 e 183, que garantem a propriedade privada, mas condicionam seu uso ao cumprimento de uma função social. Isso significa que a propriedade deve beneficiar não apenas o proprietário, mas também a sociedade, promovendo o desenvolvimento sustentável e a justiça social. A função social da propriedade é um conceito central que orienta o uso da terra e das edificações de maneira a contribuir para o bem-estar coletivo. A Constituição Federal e o Estatuto da Cidade, fornecem a base legal para esse princípio, que é implementado através de diversos instrumentos de política urbana. Apesar dos avanços legislativos e das políticas públicas implementadas, a efetivação do direito à propriedade como um direito social enfrenta desafios significativos, como a resistência de setores conservadores, a burocracia e a falta de recursos financeiros. Para superar esses desafios, foram sugeridas estratégias que visem superar tais desafios. Concluímos que o direito à propriedade, quando efetivado conforme sua função social, pode ser um poderoso instrumento para a promoção da justiça social e do desenvolvimento sustentável. A integração entre diferentes áreas do conhecimento e a cooperação entre os setores público, privado e a sociedade civil são essenciais para garantir a implementação eficaz dos instrumentos de política urbana e para construir cidades mais justas, inclusivas e sustentáveis.
الفتوى والطب: أثر التطورات الطبية على التفكير الفقهي
Authors: معتز الخطيب
Published: February 2025

يناقش هذا البحث سؤالًل مركزيًا هو: كيف اشتغل العقل الفقهي في مسائل الطب، وأي أثر تركته التطورات الطبية في التفكير التفقهي؟. وتستدعي مناقشة هذا السؤال العام الإجابة على أربعة أسئلة فرعية هي: الأول: ما صفة الفتوى والمفتي في ظل التطورات التي حفت بكل منهما، خصوصًا مع استبدال المجامع الفقهية مصطلح "القرار" بمصطلح الفتوى؟ والثاني: ما شكل العلاقة بين الفتوى والطب، مع التغيرات التي طرأت على مجال الطب ووظيفته وسلطته؟ والثالث: ما التغيرات التي طرأت على الأحكام الطبية بين الفقه الموروث والنوازل المعاصرة؟ والرابع: ما المنهجية التي سلكها المفتي المعاصر لإصدار حكمه على الوقائع الطبية؟. ولأجل الإجابة على هذه الأسئلة سيدرس البحث الفتاوى المختلفة المتصلة بمسائل الطب للوقوف على التأثيرات والتغيرات التي طرأت على كل من الفتوى والطب لجهة طبيعة المجال ووظائفه وسلطة القائمين عليه والمنهجية المتبعة في إصدار الأحكام. يبدأ البحث ببيان مفهومي الفتوى واقرار وصفة المفتي والتطورات التي طرأت عليها، ثم يوضح الصلة بين مجالي الفتوى والطب وأشكال تعلق كل منهما بالآخر، ثم ينتقل بعدها إلى رصد التبدلات التي طرأت على الأحكام المتصلة بالطب بين الفقه الموروث والنوازل المعاصرة، ليخلص إلى دراسة مسالك الفتوى في النوازل الطبية، والتأثيرات التي تركها الطب الحديث على التفكير الفقهي.
الجين ومنظومة الطب الحديث في المدونة الفقهية المعاصرة
Authors: محمد غالي
Published: February 2025

يعد مصطلح "الجين" أول المرادف العربي الأقل رواجا "المُوَرِّثة" واحدا من أشهر المفردات العلمية التي تعبر عن ثورة العلوم الطبية والحيوية في عصرنا الحديث، ثم خرجت هذه المفردة من رحم البحوث العلمية المتخصصة لتجد موضعا لا يقل أهمية في مجالات معرفية أخرى داخل السياق الغربية وخارجه، بما في ذلك الفقه الإسلامي المعاصر. فقد انشغل الفقهاء كثيرا بتقديم إجابات للأسئلة التي يطرحها علم الجينات أو علم الوراثة، وعلى رأسها كيف يمكن للمسلم الاستفادة من هذا العلم مع الالتزام بأحكام الشريعة وآدابها؟ وفي مسعاهم لتقديم الإجابات واستخراج الأحكام الفقهية ذات العلاقة، أقر الفقهاء بالحاجة أولا إلى تصور صحيح للمسائل والقضايا العلمية المتعلقة بالجين، مما فتح بابا مهما للتواصل بين علم الوراثة والفقه المعاصر. نقدم في هذه الدراسة رصدا وتحليلا لهذا الوجود المزدوج لمفهوم الجين في الطب الحديث وفي الفقه المعاصر ، فنستعرض في المبحث الأول كيف كان أثر الجين على الطب الحديث وتوسيعه لمقاصد الطب التقليدية التي كانت منحصرة في حفظ الصحة وعلاج المرض . وفي المبحث الثاني نرصد کیف تعامل الفقهاء المعاصرون مع هذا الأثر الكبير للجين في حقل الطب الحديث وكيف صاغوا الأحكام الفقهية آخذين في الاعتبار مستجدات الجين وإشكالاته الحديثة من ناحية وأدوات ومناهج الاستدلال والاستنباط ذات الجذور التاريخية في المنظومة الفقهية من ناحية أخرى . وفي المبحث الثالث ، ننظر في حقول معرفية أخرى قدمت رؤى نقدية لعلم الوراثة لنخلص إلى طرح مفاده أن تحصیل تصور شامل لقضايا الجين لا يكفي فيه النظر في مصادر العلوم الطبية والحيوية فقط ، وإنما يستدعي اشتباكا معرفيا مع حقول أخرى ، وهو ما ينشغل به نوع جديد نسبيا من الدراسات الأكاديمية تعرف بالدراسات البينية ( interdisciplinary studies ) .