bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing chute-flip bucket system based on meta-modelling approach
Authors: Bananmah Mohammad , Nikoo Mohammad Reza , Nematollahi Banafsheh , Sadegh Mojtaba
Published: July 2019

Optimal design of chute-flip bucket (CFB) system depends on various parameters, among which energy dissipation and cavitation prevention are the most important. This study develops a simulation-optimization model based on a calibrated Flow-3D numerical model, multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network (MLP-ANN), and genetic algorithm (GA) optimization approach for determining the optimal geometry of the CFB system. To alleviate the computational time burden of the Flow-3D numerical model, a MLP-ANN meta-model is developed based on some limited simulations of Flow-3D. The meta-model framework is then coupled with GA to provide an efficient design framework for the CFB system. The proposed framework is employed to design optimal geometry of the CFB system of the Jareh dam in Ahvaz, Iran. The results show that the obtained optimal design increases the cavitation index up to 30% and energy dissipation up to 32% compared to the old engineering design already in place.
A note on thermalization of curved spacetime
Authors: Huang Zhiming , Situ Haozhen
Published: July 2019

In this paper, within the framework of open-system dynamics, we investigate the thermalization phenomena of Unruh effect and de Sitter spacetime. It is shown that the Unruh effect, thermal effect of de Sitter spacetime and Hawking effect are similar in nature.
Entanglement enhanced distinguishability of coherence-breaking channels
Authors: Yang Long-Mei , Li Tao , Fei Shao-Ming , Wang Zhi-Xi
Published: July 2019

Originating from the superposition principle in quantum mechanics, coherence has been extensively studied as a kind of important resource in quantum information processing. We investigate the distinguishability of coherence-breaking channels with the help of quantum entanglement. By explicitly computing the minimal error probability of channel discrimination, it is shown that entanglement can enhance the capacity of coherence-breaking channel distinguishability with same types for some cases while it cannot be enhanced for some other cases. For coherence-breaking channels with different types, the channel distinguishability cannot be enhanced via entanglement.
Ag Nanoparticles Decorated N-Doped Carbon Black as a High-Performance Catalyst for Catalytic Hydrogenation of p-Nitrophenol
Authors: Chen Jing , Gao Yanting , Fu Yongsheng , Pan Shugang
Published: July 2019

Ag nanoparticles decorated N-doped carbon black with different Ag content was synthesized via a straightforward method. The catalysts have been conducted in the catalytic hydrogenation of nitrophenols in the presence of sodium borohydride. The results show that Ag4/NCB possesses the highest catalytic activity for the catalytic hydrogenation of [Formula: see text]-nitrophenol ([Formula: see text]-NP) to [Formula: see text]-aminophenol ([Formula: see text]-AP). The significant enhancement in catalytic activity can be attributed to the high dispersity and smaller size of Ag nanoparticles, and remarkable synergistic effect of the combination of Ag nanoparticles and N-doped carbon black.
Activated cholangiocytes release macrophage-polarizing extracellular vesicles bearing the DAMP S100A11
Authors: Katsumi Tomohiro , Guicciardi Maria Eugenia , Azad Adiba , Bronk Steven F. , Krishnan Anuradha , Gores Gregory J.
Published: July 2019

In mouse models of biliary tract diseases, macrophages are recruited to the periductal milieu and promote injury and cholestasis. Although cell necrosis with release of biomolecules termed damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) promotes recruitment and activation of macrophages, necrosis was not observed in these studies. Because extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important in cell-to-cell communication, we postulated that activated cholangiocytes may release EVs containing DAMPs as cargo. Both the human (NHC) and mouse cholangiocyte (603B) cell lines display constitutive activation with mRNA expression of chemokines. Proteomic analysis revealed that EVs from both cell lines contained the DAMP S100A11, a ligand for the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) incubated with EVs derived from the mouse 603B cell line increased mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of RAGE reduced BMDM expression of proinflammatory cytokines treated with EVs. RAGE signaling resulted in activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway, and consistently, proinflammatory cytokine expression was blunted by the IKKα/β inhibitor TPCA-1 in BMDM incubated with EVs. We also demonstrated that primary mouse cholangiocyte-derived organoids express chemokines indicating cholangiocyte activation, release EVs containing S100A11, and stimulate proinflammatory cytokine expression in BMDM by a RAGE-dependent pathway. In conclusion, these observations identify a non-cell death mechanism for cellular release of DAMPs by activated cholangiocytes, namely by releasing DAMPs as EV cargo. These data also suggest RAGE inhibitors may be salutary in macrophage-associated inflammatory diseases of the bile ducts.
Pulmonary inflammation induced by low-dose particulate matter exposure in mice
Authors: Chan Yik Lung , Wang Baoming , Chen Hui , Ho Kin Fai , Cao Junji , Hai Guo , Jalaludin Bin , Herbert Cristan , Thomas Paul S. , Saad Sonia , Oliver Brian Gregory George
Published: July 2019

Air pollution is a ubiquitous problem and comprises gaseous and particulate matter (PM). Epidemiological studies have clearly shown that exposure to PM is associated with impaired lung function and the development of lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. To understand the mechanisms involved, animal models are often used. However, the majority of such models represent high levels of exposure and are not representative of the exposure levels in less polluted countries, such as Australia. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine whether low dose PM10 exposure has any detrimental effect on the lungs. Mice were intranasally exposed to saline or traffic-related PM10 (1μg or 5μg/day) for 3 wk. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung tissue were analyzed. PM10 at 1 μg did not significantly affect inflammatory and mitochondrial markers. At 5 μg, PM10 exposure increased lymphocytes and macrophages in BAL fluid. Increased NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) and IL-1β production occurred following PM10 exposure. PM10 (5 μg) exposure reduced mitochondrial antioxidant manganese superoxide (antioxidant defense system) and mitochondrial fusion marker (OPA-1), while it increased fission marker (Drp-1). Autophagy marker light-chain 3 microtubule-associated protein (LC3)-II and phosphorylated-AMPK were reduced, and apoptosis marker (caspase 3) was increased. No significant change of remodeling markers was observed. In conclusion, a subchronic low-level exposure to PM can have an adverse effect on lung health, which should be taken into consideration for the planning of roads and residential buildings.
Mal protein stabilizes luminal membrane PLC-β3 and negatively regulates ENaC in mouse cortical collecting duct cells
Authors: Tuna Kubra M. , Liu Bing-Chen , Yue Qiang , Ghazi Zinah M. , Ma He-Ping , Eaton Douglas C. , Alli Abdel A.
Published: July 2019

Abnormally high epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) activity in the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron and collecting duct leads to hypertension. Myelin and lymphocyte (Mal) is a lipid raft-associated protein that has been previously shown to regulate Na+-K-2Cl− cotransporter and aquaporin-2 in the kidney, but it is not known whether it regulates renal ENaC. ENaC activity is positively regulated by the anionic phospholipid phosphate phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). Members of the myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) family increase PIP2 concentrations at the plasma membrane, whereas hydrolysis of PIP2 by phospholipase C (PLC) reduces PIP2 abundance. Our hypothesis was that Mal protein negatively regulates renal ENaC activity by stabilizing PLC protein expression at the luminal plasma membrane. We investigated the association between Mal, MARCKS-like protein, and ENaC. We showed Mal colocalizes with PLC-β3 in lipid rafts and positively regulates its protein expression, thereby reducing PIP2 availability at the plasma membrane. Kidneys of 129Sv mice injected with MAL shRNA lentivirus resulted in increased ENaC open probability in split-open renal tubules. Overexpression of Mal protein in mouse cortical collecting duct (mpkCCD) cells resulted in an increase in PLC-β3 protein expression at the plasma membrane. siRNA-mediated knockdown of MAL in mpkCCD cells resulted in a decrease in PLC-β3 protein expression and an increase in PIP2 abundance. Moreover, kidneys from salt-loaded mice showed less Mal membrane protein expression compared with non-salt-loaded mice. Taken together, Mal protein may play an essential role in the negative feedback of ENaC gating in principal cells of the collecting duct.
Eating “junk food” has opposite effects on intrinsic excitability of nucleus accumbens core neurons in obesity-susceptible versus -resistant rats
Authors: Oginsky Max F. , Ferrario Carrie R.
Published: July 2019

The nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays critical roles in motivated behaviors, including food seeking and feeding. Differences in NAc function contribute to overeating that drives obesity, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In addition, there is a fair degree of variation in individual susceptibility versus resistance to obesity that is due in part to differences in NAc function. For example, using selectively bred obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats, we have found that excitability of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) within the NAc core is enhanced in obesity-prone versus -resistant populations, before any diet manipulation. However, it is unknown whether consumption of sugary, fatty “junk food” alters MSN excitability. Here whole cell patch-clamp recordings were conducted to examine MSN intrinsic excitability in adult male obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats with and without exposure to a sugary, fatty junk food diet. We replicated our initial finding that basal excitability is enhanced in obesity-prone versus obesity-resistant rats and determined that this is due to a lower fast transient potassium current ( IA) in prone versus resistant groups. In addition, the junk food diet had opposite effects on excitability in obesity-prone versus obesity-resistant rats. Specifically, junk food enhanced excitability in MSNs of obesity-resistant rats; this was mediated by a reduction in IA. In contrast, junk food reduced excitability in MSNs from obesity-prone rats; this was mediated by an increase in inward-rectifying potassium current. Thus individual differences in obesity susceptibility influence both basal excitability and how MSN excitability adapts to junk food consumption.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the nucleus accumbens of obesity-prone rats are hyperexcitable compared with MSNs from obesity-resistant rats. We found that 10 days of “junk food” exposure reduces MSN excitability in obesity-prone rats by increasing inward-rectifying potassium current and increases MSN excitability in obesity-resistant rats by decreasing fast transient potassium current. These data show that there are basal and junk food diet-induced differences in MSN excitability in obesity-prone and obesity-resistant individuals; this may contribute to previously observed differences in incentive motivation.
Sustained envelope periodicity representations are associated with speech-in-noise performance in difficult listening conditions for younger and older adults
Authors: McClaskey Carolyn M. , Dias James W. , Harris Kelly C.
Published: July 2019

Temporal modulations are an important part of speech signals. An accurate perception of these time-varying qualities of sound is necessary for successful communication. The current study investigates the relationship between sustained envelope encoding and speech-in-noise perception in a cohort of normal-hearing younger (ages 18–30 yr, n = 22) and older adults (ages 55–90+ yr, n = 35) using the subcortical auditory steady-state response (ASSR). ASSRs were measured in response to the envelope of 400-ms amplitude-modulated (AM) tones with 3,000-Hz carrier frequencies and 80-Hz modulation frequencies. AM tones had modulation depths of 0, −4, and −8 dB relative to m = 1 ( m = 1, 0.631, and 0.398, respectively). The robustness, strength at modulation frequency, and synchrony of subcortical envelope encoding were quantified via time-domain correlations, spectral amplitude, and phase-locking value, respectively. Speech-in-noise ability was quantified via the QuickSIN test in the 0- and 5-dB signal-to-noise (SNR) conditions. All ASSR metrics increased with increasing modulation depth and there were no effects of age group. ASSR metrics in response to shallow modulation depths predicted 0-dB speech scores. Results demonstrate that sustained amplitude envelope processing in the brainstem relates to speech-in-noise abilities, but primarily in difficult listening conditions at low SNRs. These findings furthermore highlight the utility of shallow modulation depths for studying temporal processing. The absence of age effects in these data demonstrate that individual differences in the robustness, strength, and specificity of subcortical envelope processing, and not age, predict speech-in-noise performance in the most difficult listening conditions.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Failure to correctly understand speech in the presence of background noise is a significant problem for many normal-hearing adults and may impede healthy communication. The relationship between sustained envelope encoding in the brainstem and speech-in-noise perception remains to be clarified. The present study demonstrates that the strength, specificity, and robustness of the brainstem’s representations of sustained stimulus periodicity relates to speech-in-noise perception in older and younger normal-hearing adults, but only in highly challenging listening environments.
Fundamental Mechanisms of Regulated Cell Death and Implications for Heart Disease
Authors: Del Re Dominic P. , Amgalan Dulguun , Linkermann Andreas , Liu Qinghang , Kitsis Richard N.
Published: July 2019

Twelve regulated cell death programs have been described. We review in detail the basic biology of nine including death receptor-mediated apoptosis, death receptor-mediated necrosis (necroptosis), mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, mitochondrial-mediated necrosis, autophagy-dependent cell death, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, and immunogenic cell death. This is followed by a dissection of the roles of these cell death programs in the major cardiac syndromes: myocardial infarction and heart failure. The most important conclusion relevant to heart disease is that regulated forms of cardiomyocyte death play important roles in both myocardial infarction with reperfusion (ischemia/reperfusion) and heart failure. While a role for apoptosis in ischemia/reperfusion cannot be excluded, regulated forms of necrosis, through both death receptor and mitochondrial pathways, are critical. Ferroptosis and parthanatos are also likely important in ischemia/reperfusion, although it is unclear if these entities are functioning as independent death programs or as amplification mechanisms for necrotic cell death. Pyroptosis may also contribute to ischemia/reperfusion injury, but potentially through effects in non-cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocyte loss through apoptosis and necrosis is also an important component in the pathogenesis of heart failure and is mediated by both death receptor and mitochondrial signaling. Roles for immunogenic cell death in cardiac disease remain to be defined but merit study in this era of immune checkpoint cancer therapy. Biology-based approaches to inhibit cell death in the various cardiac syndromes are also discussed.
Continuous ⁎-K-G-Frame in Hilbert C⁎-Modules
Authors: Rossafi Mohamed , Touri Abdeslam , Labrigui Hatim , Akhlidj Abdellatif
Published: July 2019

Frame theory is exciting and dynamic with applications to a wide variety of areas in mathematics and engineering. In this paper, we introduce the concept of Continuous ⁎-K-g-frame in Hilbert C⁎-Modules and we give some properties.
The Value of Adrenal Androgens for Correcting Cortisol Lateralization in Adrenal Venous Sampling in Patients with Normal Cortisol Secretion
Authors: Zhang Wenjing , Zhu Keying , Li Hongyun , Zhang Yan , Zhu Dalong , Zhang Xuebin , Li Ping
Published: July 2019

The management of patients with adrenocorticotropic hormone-independent Cushing’s syndrome and bilateral adrenal masses is challenging. Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) has been used to identify functional lesions in previous studies, but it is not always reliable. The present study aims to address the variability of cortisol in the adrenal veins of patients without excessive cortisol secretion and investigate the use of adrenal androgens to correct the cortisol lateralization ratio in AVS. Thirty-seven patients with primary aldosteronism underwent successful AVS. Patients with normal cortisol secretion exhibited a wide range of cortisol concentrations in the right (601-89, 400 nmol/l) and left (331-35, 300 nmol/l) adrenal veins. The median cortisol gradients between adrenal venous and peripheral venous samples were 15.25 and 10.14 in the right and left sides, respectively, and the cortisol lateralization ratio (high side to low side) was as high as 9.49 (median 1.54). The mean plasma levels of cortisol in the adrenal venous and peripheral venous samples decreased from t-15 to t0. Significant positive correlations were observed between the cortisol concentrations and both androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone concentrations in the right and left adrenal veins. After correcting for androstenedione or dehydroepiandrosterone levels, the cortisol lateralization ratio was less than 2 in most adrenal venous samples. The present study demonstrated the wide variation in cortisol concentrations in the adrenal veins of patients with normal cortisol secretion. The adrenal androgens might be ideal analytes used as normalizers when assessing the cortisol lateralization of AVS in normal or hypercortisolism cases.
Thyroglossal Duct Cyst Carcinoma in a Young Female: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Van Beck Jenna , Khaja Sobia F.
Published: July 2019

Thyroglossal duct remnants form during embryologic development and can develop into a thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC). In rare cases, carcinoma is present within these cysts, most commonly papillary thyroid carcinoma. Diagnosis is difficult, but imaging and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies can help with the diagnosis. Given the rarity of TGDC carcinoma, treatment is not well agreed upon and can include the Sistrunk procedure, thyroidectomy, nodal dissection, and postoperative radioactive iodine treatment. Here, we describe the presentation, workup, and treatment of a 20-year-old female with papillary thyroid carcinoma present within both a thyroglossal duct cyst and the thyroid gland.
NOCTURNIN Gene Diurnal Variation in Healthy Volunteers and Expression Levels in Shift Workers
Authors: Bracci Massimo , Copertaro Alfredo , Ciarapica Veronica , Barbaresi Mariella , Esposito Stefano , Albanesi Antonella , Valentino Matteo , Ledda Caterina , Rapisarda Venerando , Santarelli Lory
Published: July 2019

Objective. The NOCTURNIN gene links nutrient absorption and metabolism to the circadian clock. Shift workers are at a heightened risk of overweight and of developing obesity and metabolic syndrome. This study investigates the diurnal variation of NOCTURNIN in healthy volunteers and its expression levels in rotational shift and daytime workers. Methods. NOCTURNIN expression levels were evaluated in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 15 healthy volunteers at 4-hour intervals for 24 h. Metabolic parameters and NOCTURNIN expression were measured in workers engaged in shift and daytime work. Results. In the group of volunteers NOCTURNIN expression showed diurnal variation, with a peak at 8:00 AM. NOCTURNIN expression was higher in shift workers than in daytime workers. Multivariate analysis confirmed the role of shift work as an independent factor affecting NOCTURNIN expression. Notably, its level correlated directly with body mass index and inversely with total energy expenditure. Conclusions. Measuring NOCTURNIN expression levels in human peripheral blood lymphocytes can improve investigations on the relationship between changes in circadian rhythm and metabolic disorders. Shift workers show higher NOCTURNIN levels than daytime workers.
The Mechanism of MAPK Signal Transduction Pathway Involved with Electroacupuncture Treatment for Different Diseases
Authors: Du Weibin , Hu Huahui , Zhang Jiangsong , Bao Guanai , Chen Rongliang , Quan Renfu
Published: July 2019

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathway plays an important role in the regulation of various diseases, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and takes part in anti-inflammatory effects, analgesic effects, protection against injury, and maintenance of gastrointestinal functions. Electroacupuncture therapy is an external therapy used in traditional Chinese medicine. By adding external electrical stimulation to traditional acupuncture, the stimulus gets doubled and the therapeutic efficacy gets enhanced accordingly. It combines the benefits of both acupuncture and electrical stimulation. In recent years, some studies have explored the molecular mechanisms of MAPK signal pathways involved with electroacupuncture treatment. Based on these recent studies, this article summarizes the mechanisms of MAPK signal transduction pathways involved with electroacupuncture treatment. This adds great value to the studies of molecular mechanisms of electroacupuncture treatment and also provides an effective reference for its clinical use.
Bilateral Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation in a Variant of Retinitis Pigmentosa
Authors: Aloe G. , De Sanctis C. M. , Strafella C. , Cascella R. , Missiroli F. , Cesareo M. , Giardina E. , Ricci F.
Published: July 2019

Purpose. To describe the first case of bilateral retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) in a patient with a variant of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Case Report. An 85-year-old man with RP presented with visual acuity decrease and metamorphopsia in the left eye (LE). Fundus examination revealed typical signs of RP in both eyes, associated with intraretinal macular hemorrhage in the LE. Multimodal imaging, using Colour fundus Photography, Fluorescein (FA), and Indocyanine Green Angiography (ICGA) as well as Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA), revealed a type 3 neovascular lesion in the involved eye. Genetic testing (NGS analysis) was performed to search for genetic variants correlated with the disease phenotype displayed by the patient. The patient was treated with intravitreal injections of bevacizumab, according to a fixed protocol of bimonthly injections plus a booster dose at second month. After 9 months, he was referred for visual acuity decrease and metamorphopsia in the fellow eye, where SD-OCT/OCTA showed a type 3 neovascular lesion in the right eye (RE). He was scheduled for intravitreal injections of bevacizumab. In both eyes, treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab was successful.
Neonatal Near Miss among Newborns of Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Morais Luiza R. , Patz Beatriz C. , Campanharo Felipe F. , Dualib Patricia M. , Sun Sue Y. , Mattar Rosiane
Published: July 2019

Objective. To investigate the frequency of neonatal near miss (NNM) and associate it with maternal morbidity in newborns of women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods. This was a cross-sectional retrospective study from a secondary analysis of data retrieved from medical records of pregnant women with T1DM cared at a Brazilian university hospital between 2005 and 2015. Maternal near miss (MNM) and potentially life-threatening conditions (PTLC) were classified according to the World Health Organization criteria. NNM was classified according to the Pan American Health Organization Neonatal Near Miss Working Group criteria. Association of maternal morbidity with NNM was assessed using chi-square test. Results. There were 122 newborns (NB) among 137 T1DM pregnancies. Thirty-seven NB presented NNM—incidence of 303 NNM per 1000 live births (37/122). NNM was associated with MNM (P<0.001, OR (95% CI): 17.15 (1.85–159.12)). PLTC did not increase the odds of NNM (P=0.07; OR (95% CI): 2.1281 (0.92–4.91)). Seven newborns died, six of them from pregnancies without severe maternal morbidity. 71% of the neonatal death (5/7) occurred in malformed neonates. Conclusion. MNM was associated with NNM among women with T1DM, and PLTC, paradoxically, did not increase NNM.
A Repeatable Optimization for Kinematic Energy System with Its Mobile Manipulator Application
Authors: Kong Ying , Zhang Ruiyang , Jiang Yunliang , Xia Xiaoyun
Published: July 2019

For repeatable motion of redundant mobile manipulators, the flexible base platform and the redundant manipulator have to be returned to the desired initial position simultaneously after completing the given tasks. To remedy deviations between initial position and desired position of each kinematic joint angle, a special kind of repeatable optimization for kinematic energy minimization based on terminal‐time Zhang neural network (TTZNN) with finite‐time convergence is proposed for inverse kinematics of mobile manipulators. It takes the advantages that each joint of the manipulator is required to return to the desired initial position not considering the initial orientation of itself for realizing repeatable kinematics control. Unlike the existed training methods, such an optimization of kinematic energy scheme based on TTZNN can not only reduce the convergent position error of each joint to zero in finite time, but also improve the convergent precision. Theoretical analysis and verifications show that the proposed optimal kinematic energy scheme accelerates the convergent rate, which is tended to be applied in practical robot kinematics. Simulation results on the manipulator with three mobile wheels substantiate the timeliness and repetitiveness of the proposed optimization scheme.
Mechanical Properties of Glued‐Laminated Timber with Different Assembly Patterns
Authors: Gao Shan , Xu Man , Guo Nan , Zhang Ying
Published: July 2019

A glued‐laminated timber section with mixed‐grade laminae could make an efficient use of material strength and reduce the cost. A 4‐point bending test was conducted on a total of 18 specimens to investigate the mechanical properties of glued‐laminated timber. Uniform‐grade, asymmetrical mixed‐grade, and symmetrical mixed‐grade patterns were used to assemble the beam sections. The bending stiffness and reliability of the beams were assessed according to the experimental results. The influence of the assembly pattern on the bending behavior of glued‐laminated timber was investigated by finite element models. The results show that the assembly pattern of the section has little influence on the failure mode of glued‐laminated timber. Relative lower strength in compressive area of the section is beneficial for delaying the occurrence of the first crack on the glued‐laminated timber beam. An equation for apparent bending stiffness of glued‐laminated timber was proposed, whose results match well with the experimental results. The beam section assembled by the asymmetrical mixed‐grade pattern retains the higher level of safety compared to those assembled by uniform‐grade and symmetrical mixed‐grade patterns. The grade of the second bottom lamina in tensile has little influence on the performance of glued‐laminated timber, while lower grade laminae in compressive area of the section would cause a bending stiffness reduction at smaller deflection.
Evaluation of Red Cell Distribution Width to Lymphocyte Ratio as Potential Biomarker for Detection of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Huang Jiahao , Zhao Yang , Liao Lin , Liu Shun , Lu Shaolong , Wu Changtao , Wei Chuanyi , Xu Shaoqiang , Zhong Huage , Liu Junjie , Guo Yun , Zhang Sen , Gao Feng , Tang Weizhong
Published: July 2019

Background and Aim. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most lethal cancer globally. This study sought to determine the feasibility of using red cell distribution width-to-lymphocyte ratio (RLR) as a tool to facilitate CRC detection. Methods. Seventy-eight healthy controls, 162 patients diagnosed with CRC, and 94 patients with colorectal polyps (CP) from June 2017 to October 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical data were obtained to analyze preoperative RLR level, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to estimate the potential role of RLR as a CRC biomarker. Results. RLR was higher in patients with CRC than in healthy participants (P < 0.05). ROC analysis indicated that combined detection of RLR and CEA appears to be a more effective marker to distinguish among controls, CP, and CRC patients, yielding 56% sensitivity and 90% specificity. RLR levels were significantly greater in those who had more advanced TNM stages (P < 0.05) and patients with distant metastasis stages (P < 0.05). Conclusions. RLR might serve as a potential biomarker for CRC diagnosis.
Colorectal Cancer Prognosis: The Impact of Signet Ring Cell
Authors: Bademci Refik , Bollo Jesus , Martinez M. Carmen , Hernadez Maria Pilar , Targarona Eduardo Maria
Published: July 2019

Background: The prognosis for patients with colorectal cancer shows variation. The characteristics of colorectal cancer patients with signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) are still not clear. Materials and Methods: A retrospective comparison was made of the data of signet-ring cell colorectal carcinoma patients operated on between 2009 and 2018 in respect of clinicopathological and operative results, morbidity, mortality, and long-term survival. Results: The study included a total of 34 patients comprising 26 (76%) males and 8 (24%) females with a mean age of 58 ± 11.7 years. Incidence of SRCC was determined as 1.8%. Lymphovascular invasion was determined in 22 (64%) patients. Tumors were determined as stage T2 in 8 (32%) patients, stage T3 in 9 (36%), and stage T4 in 8 (32%). According to the TNM classification, 5 (14.7%) patients were diagnosed with stage 1, 7 (20.6%) with stage 2, 15 (44.1%) with stage 3, and 7 (20.6%) with stage 4. The mean follow-up period was 40.6 ± 30.4 months, and mean disease-free follow-up was determined as 33.1 ± 36.1 months. Fifteen (44.1%) patients died because of the disease. Conclusion: Although SRCC is a poor prognostic factor, it should be kept in mind when determining adjuvant therapies and prognosis of patients determined with advanced-stage SRCC.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement With the HLT Meridian Valve
Authors: Rodés-Cabau Josep , Williams Mathew R. , Wijeysundera Harindra C. , Kereiakes Dean J. , Paradis Jean-Michel , Staniloae Cezar , Saric Muhamed , Radhakrishnan Sam , Wilson Robert F. , Kubo Spencer H.
Published: July 2019

Background:

While most self-expanding transcatheter valves are repositionable, only one fully retrievable valve is currently available. The Meridian valve is a new self-expanding valve with full retrievability properties. The objective of our study was to evaluate the early feasibility, preliminary safety, and efficacy of transcatheter aortic valve replacement with the HLT Meridian valve (HLT, Inc).

Methods:

This was a multicenter early feasibility study including patients with severe aortic stenosis at high surgical risk undergoing transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement with the 25-mm Meridian valve. All serious adverse events were adjudicated by an independent clinical events committee according to Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 criteria. Echocardiography data were assessed by an independent echocardiography core laboratory.

Results:

A total of 25 patients (mean age, 85±6 years; 80% of men) were included. The valve was successfully implanted in 22 (88%) patients (annulus too large and extreme horizontal aorta in 2 and 1 unsuccessful cases, respectively). Valve retrieval because of an initial nonadequate positioning was attempted and successfully performed in 10 (40%) patients. Echocardiography post-transcatheter aortic valve replacement showed a low mean residual gradient (10±4 mm Hg) and the absence of moderate-severe aortic regurgitation (none-trace and mild aortic regurgitation in 76% and 24% of patients, respectively). Mortality at 30 days was 8%, with no cases of disabling stroke, valve embolization, or major/life-threatening bleeding complications. At 6-month follow-up, the cumulative mortality rate was 12%, with no changes in echocardiographic parameters and no cases of valve dysfunction. The majority of patients (89%) were in New York Heart Association class I-II at 6 months.

Conclusions:

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement with the Meridian valve was feasible and associated with acceptable early and 6-month clinical results. Valve retrieval after full valve deployment was successfully performed in all attempted cases, and valve performance was excellent, with low residual gradients, no cases of moderate-severe aortic regurgitation, and none-trace residual aortic regurgitation in the majority of patients.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02838680 (RADIANT-Canada); NCT02799823 (RADIANT-US).
Angina Severity, Mortality, and Healthcare Utilization Among Veterans With Stable Angina
Authors: Owlia Mina , Dodson John A. , King Jordan B. , Derington Catherine G. , Herrick Jennifer S. , Sedlis Steven P. , Crook Jacob , DuVall Scott L. , LaFleur Joanne , Nelson Richard , Patterson Olga V. , Shah Rashmee U. , Bress Adam P.
Published: July 2019

Background

Canadian Cardiovascular Society (
CCS
) angina severity classification is associated with mortality, myocardial infarction, and coronary revascularization in clinical trial and registry data. The objective of this study was to determine associations between
CCS
class and all‐cause mortality and healthcare utilization, using natural language processing to extract
CCS
classifications from clinical notes.

Methods and Results

In this retrospective cohort study of veterans in the United States with stable angina from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2013, natural language processing extracted
CCS
classifications. Veterans with a prior diagnosis of coronary artery disease were excluded. Outcomes included all‐cause mortality (primary), all‐cause and cardiovascular‐specific hospitalizations, coronary revascularization, and 1‐year healthcare costs. Of 299 577 veterans identified, 14 216 (4.7%) had ≥1
CCS
classification extracted by natural language processing. The mean age was 66.6±9.8 years, 99% of participants were male, and 81% were white. During a median follow‐up of 3.4 years, all‐cause mortality rates were 4.58, 4.60, 6.22, and 6.83 per 100 person‐years for
CCS
classes I,
II
,
III
, and
IV
, respectively. Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios for all‐cause mortality comparing
CCS II
,
III
, and
IV
with those in class I were 1.05 (95% CI, 0.95–1.15), 1.33 (95% CI, 1.20–1.47), and 1.48 (95% CI, 1.25–1.76), respectively. The multivariable hazard ratio comparing
CCS IV
with
CCS
I was 1.20 (95% CI, 1.09–1.33) for all‐cause hospitalization, 1.25 (95% CI, 0.96–1.64) for acute coronary syndrome hospitalizations, 1.00 (95% CI, 0.80–1.26) for heart failure hospitalizations, 1.05 (95% CI, 0.88–1.25) for atrial fibrillation hospitalizations, 1.92 (95% CI, 1.40–2.64) for percutaneous coronary intervention, and 2.51 (95% CI, 1.99–3.16) for coronary artery bypass grafting surgery.

Conclusions

Natural language processing–extracted
CCS
classification was positively associated with all‐cause mortality and healthcare utilization, demonstrating the prognostic importance of anginal symptom assessment and documentation.
Localization of actin filaments and cortical microtubules in wood-forming tissues of conifers
Authors: Begum Shahanara , Furusawa Osamu , Shibagaki Masaki , Nakaba Satoshi , Yamagishi Yusuke , Yoshimoto Joto , Hasnat Rahman Md , Sano Yuzou , Funada Ryo
Published: July 2019

The aim of the present study was to investigate the orientation and localization of actin filaments and cortical microtubules in wood-forming tissues in conifers to understand wood formation. Small blocks were collected from the main stems of Abies firma, Pinus densiflora, and Taxus cuspidata during active seasons of the cambium. Bundles of actin filaments were oriented axially or longitudinally relative to the cell axis in fusiform and ray cambial cells. In differentiating tracheids, actin filaments were oriented longitudinally relative to the cell axis during primary and secondary wall formation. In contrast, the orientation of well-ordered cortical microtubules in tracheids changed from transverse to longitudinal during secondary wall formation. There was no clear relationship between the orientation of actin filaments and cortical microtubules in cambial cells and cambial derivatives. Aggregates of actin filaments and a circular band of cortical microtubules were localized around bordered pits and cross-field pits in differentiating tracheids. In addition, rope-like bands of actin filaments were observed during the formation of helical thickenings at the final stage of formation of secondary walls in tracheids. Actin filaments might not play a major role in changes in the orientation of cortical microtubules in wood-forming tissues. However, since actin filaments were co-localized with cortical microtubules during the formation of bordered pits, cross-field pits and helical thickenings at the final stage of formation of the secondary wall in tracheids, it seems plausible that actin filaments might be closely related to the localization of cortical microtubules during the development of these modifications of wood structure.
New record of Schizophyllum (Schizophyllaceae) from Mexico and the confirmation of its edibility in the humid tropics
Authors: CARREÑO-RUIZ SANTA D. , LÁZARO ABISAG A. ÁVALOS , GARCÍA SILVIA CAPPELLO , HERNÁNDEZ RIGOBERTO GAITÁN , CHEN JIE , NAVARRO GRISELDA K. GUILLÉN , FAJARDO LUZ V. GARCÍA , PÉREZ NELLY DEL C. JIMÉNEZ , CRUZ MAGDIEL TORRES DE LA , BLANCO JOAQUÍN CIFUENTES , CAPPELLO RENATO E.
Published: July 2019

The genus Schizophyllum is easily recognized within the order Agaricales. However, at the species level, taxonomic information for identification purposes is limited. The objective of the present study was to confirm the identity of the Schizophyllum species present in Tabasco, Mexico, by means of a detailed taxonomic revision of the macro- and micromorphological characters in more than 90 specimens, as well as phylogenetic analyses inferred from ITS sequence data. In total, three Schizophyllum species are described, of which one constitute a new record for Mexico. Finally, the edibility of S. radiatum is reported for the first time in the humid tropical region.
Justified corrections to avian names under Article 32.5.1.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
Authors: DAVID NORMAND , DICKINSON EDWARD C. , GREGORY STEVEN M. S.
Published: July 2019

Various avian names are examined in the context of Art. 32.5.1.1, a clause newly introduced in the 1999 Code, which applies retroactively; this permits clear decisions in 21 cases where qualifying corrigenda exist. In addition, we detail three names having dual original spellings, but that were not addressed by a First Reviser or in a corrigendum; they are provided as background, but they too should be captured in any planned database for actions under Art. 32.5
A taxonomic revision of the genus Haplosyllis Langerhans, 1887 (Polychaeta: Syllidae: Syllinae)
Authors: LATTIG PATRICIA , MARTIN DANIEL
Published: July 2019

The genus Haplosyllis Langerhans, 1887 is revised based on available types and newly collected specimens. 19 species are considered as valid, five as incertae sedis and four are referred to nomina dubia. Trypanoseta (Imajima, 1966) is synonymised with Haplosyllis, as the presence of trepan is considered a non-robust taxonomic feature, affecting H. ohma new comb. (Imajima & Hartman, 1964) and H. granulosa new comb. (Lattig, San Martín & Martín, 2007). Haplosyllis streptocephala (Grube, 1857) is a new combination and two species are considered to belong to Alcyonosyllis Glasby & Watson, 2001: A. bisetosa new comb. (Hartmann-Schröder, 1960) and A. gorgoniacola new comb. (Sun & Yang, 2004). All valid species are described and figured except those described during the last decade, which only includes diagnoses and chaetae illustrations. A dichotomous key to all valid species of Haplosyllis is provided.
Bicaubittacus, a new genus of the Oriental Bittacidae (Mecoptera) with descriptions of two new species
Authors: TAN JIANG-LI , HUA BAO-ZHEN
Published: July 2019

Bicaubittacus gen. nov., the second genus of the family Bittacidae from the Oriental Region, is erected with Bittacus appendiculatus Esben-Petersen, 1927 as its type species. A key to the 17 extant genera of Bittacidae is compiled to include the new genus. Two new species, Bicaubittacus yangi sp. nov. and Bi. mengyangicus sp. nov. are described and illustrated from China. Three new combinations, Bicaubittacus appendiculatus (Esben-Petersen, 1927) and Bi. longiprocessus (Huang & Hua, 2005) from China, and Bi. burmanus (Tjeder, 1974) from Myanmar (formerly Burma), are transferred from the genus Bittacus Latreille. A key to the five species of Bicaubittacus is provided. The validity of Neobittacus and Thyridates is briefly discussed
The tadpole of the Brazilian torrent frog Hylodes heyeri (Anura; Hylodidae)
Authors: COSTA T. R. N. , LINGNAU R. , TOLEDO L. F.
Published: July 2019

Hylodes heyeri Haddad, Pombal & Bastos is allocated in the H. lateristrigatus group (Heyer, 1982), together with other 17 species. The tadpole of H. heyeri is still unknown and our aim here is to describe the tadpole and compare it with other Hylodes species for which tadpole descriptions are available.
Two new species of fleas of the genus Kohlsia Traub, 1950 (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) from Mexico
Authors: ACOSTA ROXANA , SALCEDA-SÁNCHEZ BEATRIZ , PONCE-ULLOA HUGO E.
Published: July 2019

Two new species of the genus Kohlsia Traub, 1950 from Mexico are described and illustrated, K. zyanya and K. ahuacatlan. A key to the species of Kohlsia known to occur in Mexico is provided.
A taxonomic revision of the African leaf chafer genus Asthenopholis Brenske, 1898 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae): a SEM study
Authors: HARRISON JAMES DU G.
Published: July 2019

The African chafer genus Asthenopholis Brenske, 1898 is revised. Seven species are included in the genus: A. adspersa (Boheman, 1857), A. crypsis sp. nov., A. crassa Arrow, 1902, A. minor Brenske, 1898, A. subfasciata (Blanchard, 1851), A. ugandensis Moser, 1913, and A. rex sp. nov. Asthenopholis transvaalensis Brenske, 1898 is here designated as the type species for the genus. The synonymy of A. transvaalensis Brenske, 1898 with A. adspersa (Boheman, 1857) is maintained. Lectotypes are designated for Asthenopholis adspersa (Boheman, 1857), A. dasypus (Burmeister, 1855), A. minor Brenske, 1898, A. subfasciata (Blanchard, 1851), A. transvaalensis Brenske, 1898, and A. ugandensis Moser, 1913. In the absence of a formal description, Asthenopholis bechuana Péringuey, 1904 is regarded as a nomen nudum. Colour habitus pictures and three views of the male genitalia are provided for all valid species. A key to differentiate the species and three maps to illustrate their known distributions are included. The phenology (as seven bar charts) and pest status are presented for all species. Fourteen plates comprising 138 scanning electron micrographs are included to illustrate obscure, yet species-specific characters (including some generic-specific characters).
A new species of dwarf chameleon (Sauria; Chamaeleonidae, Bradypodion Fitzinger) from KwaZulu Natal South Africa with notes on recent climatic shifts and their influence on speciation in the genus
Authors: TILBURY COLIN R. , TOLLEY KRYSTAL A.
Published: July 2019

A new species of dwarf chameleon is described from a restricted patch of relict indigenous forest in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa. Its specific status is confirmed by phylogenetic analyses using molecular markers (1390 bp of mitochondrial 16S and ND2). The node defining this species is highly supported with both analyses (100% posterior probability, 100% bootstrap support). This species (Bradypodion ngomeense sp. nov.) is part of a larger clade of forest species, but is itself confined to a single forest (Ngome Forest). The molecular patterns of other forest restricted species in KZN were examined with a view to elucidate their patterns of distribution. It is postulated that these patterns may be the result of climatic shifts during the Pleistocene on the extent of forest cover which afforded multiple contact opportunities between coastal and montane forest elements with possible opportunities for gene flow between forests. At present, these patches are under threat from human activities such as forest resource extraction, sugar cane and pine plantations. Their small distributions and possibility for future habitat loss make these species of conservation concern. The taxonomic status of a recently described species Bradypodion nkandlae (Raw & Brothers 2008) is found to be conspecific with B. nemorale and is herewith synonymised.
Three new species of Ophryotrocha (Annelida: Dorvilleidae) from a whale-fall in the North-East Atlantic
Authors: WIKLUND HELENA , GLOVER ADRIAN G. , DAHLGREN THOMAS G.
Published: July 2019

Three new Ophryotrocha species are described from sites with high levels of organic carbon flux including a whale-fall at 125 m depth off the Swedish coast and sediment sampled at 104 m depth beneath a fish farm in a Norwegian fjord. Phylogenetic analyses based on the nuclear gene H3 and the mitochondrial genes COI and 16S using MrBayes and Maximum Likelihood analyses show that Ophryotrocha eutrophila sp. nov. is a close relative to Ophryotrocha puerilis, while Ophryotrocha craigsmithi sp. nov. falls together with Palpiphitime lobifera, and Ophryotrocha scutellus sp. nov. occur within the 'hartmanni' clade. The genus Ophryotrocha is in our study monophyletic only if the genera Iphitime and Palpiphitime are included. Two representatives of Ophryotrocha previously described from anthropogenically-enriched sediments are here reported for the first time in very high abundance from a naturally occurring habitat. We suggest that whale falls are important habitats for the evolution of ecosystem services such as the degradation of complex organic compounds.
Notes on the genus Perittia of the West Palaearctic region with descriptions of three new species (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae)
Authors: KAILA LAURI
Published: July 2019

New records for seven species of the Perittia moths from the West Palaearctic area are given. Three of them are described as new species: Perittia junnilaisella sp. n. from Turkey, P. ravida sp. n. from Turkey and Greece, as well as P. minitaurella sp. n. from Greece (Crete). The females of Perittia huemeri (Traugott-Olsen) and P. mucronata (Parenti) are described for the first time. Perittia karadaghella Sinev & Budashkin and P. huemeri are reported from Turkey for the first time, and Perittia biloba Sruoga is recorded from Uzbekistan for the first time.
Review of the Evagetes crassicornis species-group (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae), with description of new species
Authors: LELEJ ARKADY S. , LOKTIONOV VALERY M.
Published: July 2019

The three species and two subspecies of the Evagetes crassicornis species-group are reviewed. A new species, Evagetes orientalis, sp. nov., is described and illustrated from the Russian Far East. A lectotype of Pompilus sahlbergi F. Morawitz 1893 is redescribed. Evagetes crassicornis crassicornis (Shuckard) is recorded for the first time from Ukraine, Georgia, Kazakhstan, and Alaska. A key is presented for both sexes of this species-group.