bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibodies to selected minor target anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antigens in systemic lupus patients
Authors: Abdul-Majeed Nahla G.
Published: March 2023

Background: Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)minor subsets (elastase , lysozyme , cathepsin G , lactoferrin & BPI )are detected among systemic lupus erythromatus patients causing vasculitis. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prototypic immune complex disease, characterized by excessive autoantibody production, immune complex formation and immunologically mediated tissue injury.Methods& Patients: A cross-sectional study was conducted on two main groups ,74 patients with SLE and 30 apperantly healthy control volunteers referred to immunology department in teaching laboratories \ medical city during period of (1st of march – 31st of May) 2011. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) ,Cathepsin G, elastase, lactoferrin, lysozyme, bactericidal permeability increasing protein and C1q were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. While dsDNA was detected by indirect immunofluorescent(IIF) technique and C3,C4 by single radial immunodiffusion (SRID ) .Result: Among patients group the mean levels of Cathepsin G (9.19 IU/ml), Elastase( 8.46 IU/ml) , Lysozyme (6.81 IU/ml), Lactoferrin (9.2 IU/ml)and BPI (5.59 IU/ml). Among positive ANA result cathepsin G was detected in high percent (35.1%). In regard to dsDNA positive result elastase Ab was detected in 18 (46.3%) with significant P value 0.00,while Cathepsin G (47.4%) & lactoferrin Ab(31.6%)were significantly found among C1q positive patients .Interestingly lactoferrin Ab associated with low complement C3&C4 levels .Conclusion: Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody has a role among SLE patients in which cathepsin G detected in 35.1% among ANA positive patients ,while elastase & cathepsin G,significantly associated with disease activity (positive dsDNA,C1q) ,on other hand lactoferrin had a significant results in association with renal involvement (low C3,C4 levels ).
Validity of serum galectin-4(Gal-4) in diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma:
Authors: Al-Derzi Aida R. , Al-Ammiri Hind H. , Ghanim Nahla
Published: March 2023

Background: Galectin-4 is one of a b-galactosides binding proteins family that recognize a variety of glycan -containing proteins at the cell surface and are overexpressed in various tumors, including gastric cancer. Galectin-4 overexpression as well as changes in their subcellular distribution has been associated with gastric cancer progression and poor prognosis. It may provide diagnostic molecular markers for gastric cancer as well as clues for developing therapeutic targets on individual basis.Objectives : The aims of the present study were to determine the levels of GAL-4in the sera of healthy people and patients with gastric cancer and also, to investigate the validity of using GAL-4 as a specific diagnostic marker of gastric cancer.Patients and methods: twenty five gastric cancer patients were included in this study. They were among patients who attending the Endoscopy Department in Baghdad Medical City Teaching Hospital, during the period from December 2011 to July 2012. In addition, fifteen apparently healthy person were chosen as a healthy control group. For these two groups, serum level of GAL-4 using sandwich ELISA technique was carried out.Results: There was a statistically significant difference in serum level of GAL-4 among gastric adenocarcinoma patients in comparison to healthy controls (p≤0.001), using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) area, serum GAL-4 has high area under the curve (0.924) with a cut off value equal to or above 0.42ng/ml which was associated with the highest sensitivity (100%).Conclusions: The current study showed that serum levels of GAL-4 were significantly higher in patients with malignant gastric adenocarcinoma which may confirm a possible role of this marker in the pathogenesis of the disease, furthermore the highest sensitivity and best accuracy obtained from serum GAL-4 was by using a cut off values equal to or above 0.42ng/ml; Therefore, GAL-4 may be promising new diagnostic tools especially at early stages and among patients at high risk.
Development of Anti-bodies against Infliximab in Iraqi Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Authors: Al-Karkhi Mohammed A. , Al-Ani Muhammed M. , Jassim Nizar A.
Published: March 2023

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is a common chronic and destructive autoimmune arthropathy .Treatment with infliximab gives great improvement to a large numbers of patients with RA ,however, in some patients after prolonged treatment infliximab can induce anti-infliximab antibodies formation and result to loss of infliximab efficacy and active persistent disease.Objective: to investigate the frequency of anti-infliximab antibodies in Iraqi patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Patients and methods: fifty Iraqi RA patients(36 females and 14 males) compared with 50 control( 25 healthy control and 25 case control (patients with RA on other treatment) ) were included in this study from begging of March 2014 till end of September 2014.All patients were diagnosed by full history, complete clinical examination and laboratory test. Anti-infliximab antibodies were meatured using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay in serum of Iraqi patients with RA treated with infliximab more than 3 monthsduration.Results: Antibodies to infliximab were detected in 35(70%) Iraqi RA patients , while the patients without detectable antibodies against infliximab were 15(30%),also there were no anti-infliximab antibodies in the control groups.Conclusion: In this study, nearly three quarter of the Iraqi RA patients treated with infliximab developed anti-infliximab antibodies.
Expression of CD69 molecule in Rheumatoid Arthritis Iraqi patients
Authors: AL-Hadithi Hayfaa S.
Published: March 2023

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease, where the normal joint tissues attacked by body’s immune system, causing their inflammation. Cluster of Differentiation 69 (CD69) is a human transmembrane C-Type lectin protein encoded by the CD69 gene. It’s expression was induced by activation (in vivo and in vitro) of T lymphocytes and Natural Killer (NK) Cells. As CD69 early activation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of some inflammatory diseases, its expression on peripheral blood T-lymphocytes must be evaluated.Objective: To evaluate the expression of CD69 on peripheral blood T-lymphocytes in RA Iraqi patients. Patients and methods: This study carried out between March 2014 and May 2014. The study involved 40 patients diagnosed with RA attending rheumatology outpatient’s clinic at Baghdad medical city teaching hospital diagnosed clinically and classified according to the 2010 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) classification criteria for rheumatoid arthritis, compared to 40 apparently healthy individuals as a control group. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was measured by Westergren method. Flow cytometric immunophenotype analysis applied on T-lymphocytes for measuring the fluorescence intensity of CD3 and CD69 expression on those cells.Results: This study showed that the mean of ESR in RA patients was (66.8) while in healthy control it is only (20.4). And the mean of CD3 was higher in healthy individuals (41.88) than in RA patients (35.32), while the mean of CD69 was significantly higher among RA patients (11.09) than that of healthy controls (3.58). Also a moderately strong positive linear correlation was found between CD69 expression and RA severity.Conclusions: the expression of CD69 was up-regulated in freshly isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes from RA patients in comparison to healthy individuals.
HARMONISASI HUKUM TERHADAP PENUNDAAN KEWAJIBAN PEMBAYARAN UTANG PERSPEKTIF SUBSTANSI STRUKTUR DAN BUDAYA HUKUM
Authors: Askolani Muhammad Syarif Hidayatullah , Aprita Serlika , Ismail Atika
Published: March 2023

Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang (PKPU) ditujukan untuk mencapai kesepakatan. Dalam rangka pembaharuan hukum yang diharapkan dapat memperbaiki sesuatu yang salah dalam sistem tersebut, Hukum Kepailitan Indonesia, khususnya konsep PKPU, perlu dilakukan suatu perubahan. Salah satu cara pembaharuan hukum yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan harmonisasi hukum. The suspension of payment (PKPU) is addressed to reach an agreement. The practice showed there are many obstacles towards an agreement performance. Hence, it is necessary for a legal reform, by conducting the legal harmonization into PKPU concepts. The comparative evaluation of this legal harmonization is the Indonesian Legal Culture.
Professional Quality of Life (QoL) Among Medical Interns in Hospitals Affiliated to Guilan University of Medical Sciences During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Clinical Research Development Unit of Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Baghi Iraj , Attarchi Mirsaeed ,   Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Isanazar Adele ,   Kavosh Behavioral, Cognitive and Addiction Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Eslami Kenarsari Habib ,   Clinical Research Development Unit of Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Feizkhah Alireza ,   Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Sadeghi Mahsa ,   Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Pourmohammadi Bejarpasi Zahra ,   Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Hoseini Ava Sadaat ,   Department of Health Information Management, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Saadatmand Mohammad ,   Department of Health Information Management, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Bagheri Toolaroud Parissa ,   Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Published: March 2023

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to depression, stress and mental health problems in medical students working in hospitals. Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the professional quality of life (QoL) of medical interns in Rasht, Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 152 medical interns working in hospitals affiliated to Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2020. The professional QoL was assessed using the professional quality of life scale (ProQOL). Results: The mean scores of compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress were 38.4±8.3, 30.9±5.4, and 25.3±7.5, respectively. Compassion satisfaction had a significant relationship with marital status, history of underlying diseases, being resident of the city, and work shift duration. Conclusion: The professional QoL of medical interns in Rasht is low. Considering the differences in the spread of COVID-19 in Iran, it is necessary to conduct more study in other cities and on other medical trainees.
Association of CYP2D6*4 Polymorphism With Response to Atorvastatin in Patients With High Low-Density Lipoprotein Level in Northern Iran, Guilan Provice
Authors:   Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Asadollahpour Raziyeh , Khaghani Faeze ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Mirbolouk Fardin ,   Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Kianmehr Anvarsadat ,   Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran., Goodarzvand Omid ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Dabirian Sara ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Alipour Mohammad Sadegh ,   Statistical Research and Training Center, Statistical Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran., Zamani Ehsan ,   Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Evazalipour Mehdi ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Published: March 2023

Background: People who take statins respond differently to them due to genetic differences. One of the most significant enzymes involved in drug metabolism is cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) enzyme, coded by the CYP2D6 gene. Individuals who carry two non-functional alleles in this gene are considered as poor metabolizers. Recognizing poor metabolizers may help prevent adverse effects of drugs. Objective: This study aims to assess the association of CYP2D6*4, as the most frequent non-functional allele of CYP2D6 gene, and response to atorvastatin in patients with high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level in northern Iran. Methods: A total of 180 patients with high LDL level underwent treatment with atorvastatin for 8 weeks to assess their response. They were assessed in terms of CYP2D6*4 polymorphism using the amplification-refractory mutation system/polymerase chain reaction method and the results were validated by the sanger sequencing method. At the end, the association between CYP2D6*4 allele and response to atorvastatin was assessed. Results: In patients, the percentage of the CYP2D6*4 variant was 7%. This allele was not observed in homozygous patients. There was no significant association between CYP2D6*4 polymorphism and response to atorvastatin, which might be due to low frequency of CYP2D6*4 in patients. The observed allelic frequency was close to the frequency reported in previous studies for healthy Iranian people. Conclusion: It seems that CYP2D6*4 polymorphism is not the cause of poor metabolism in poor metabolizers in northern Iran. Therefore, to diagnose poor metabolizers in this region, further studies on other genes are recommended.
Frequency of Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury and its Related Risk Factors in Patients Undergoing Major Orthopedic Surgery in Rasht, Iran
Authors:   Clinical Research Development Unit, School of Medicine, Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Ashraf Ali , Aghajanzadeh Pegah ,   Urology Research Center, School of Medicine, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Hamedi Niloofar ,   Clinical Research Development Unit, School of Medicine, Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Akbarpour Maliheh ,   Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, School of Medicine, Amir al-Momenin Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Published: March 2023

Background: Patients who undergo major orthopedic surgery are at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) due to blood loss, electrolyte disorders, infection, and other co-morbidities. In this study, we aim to investigate the frequency of AKI and its risk factors in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery in Rasht, Iran. Objective: This is an analytical cross-sectional study on 180 patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery. Those with a history of chronic kidney disease and dialysis were excluded. Methods: The data including patients’ age, gender, drug history, history of underlying diseases, duration of surgery, mean arterial pressure during and after surgery, and use of inotrope during and after surgery, and creatinine level before and after the surgery. Results: The mean age of patients was 47.3±22.8 years. The incidence of AKI was 11.11%. The use of some drugs, duration of surgery, MAP, and inotrope use had no significant relationship. The occurrence of AKI had a significant relationship with the history of heart disease, diabetes, and kidney disease. Multiple linear regression analysis results showed that with the increase of one unit in preoperative creatinine level, the postoperative creatinine level increased by 0.3. Conclusion: The incidence of AKI after major orthopedic surgery in Rasht city is relatively high. Careful monitoring of kidney function before, during, and after major orthopedic surgery is important; it can prevent the occurrence of postoperative AKI.
Effects of Cabergoline and Levetiracetam on the Histological and Stereological Structure of the Cerebral Cortex, Hippocampus and Cerebellum of Rats With Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Seizure
Authors:   Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran., Hajati Pishvari Mohammad Hossein , Panahi Yousef ,   Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran., Hamidian Gholamreza ,   Division of Histology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
Published: March 2023

Background: Epilepcy is a chronic neurological disease, and due to its complex mechanism, the current therapeutic drugs for it are not effective enough. It may have a non-neurological origin such as astrocytes and microglia. Objective This study aims to investigate the effect of cabergoline and levetiracetam (alone or combined) on the histological and stereological structure of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum in rats with pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure. Methods: In this experimental study, samples were 30 female rats in five groups of control, seizure (PTZ-induced kindling), seizure+levetiracetam, seizure+cabergoline, seizure+levetiracetam+cabergoline. Levetiracetam and cabergoline were used at 50 and 0.05 mg/kg doses, respectively, and half of these doses were used in the seizure+levetiracetam+cabergoline group. After anesthesia, animals’ brain tissue was removed and after preparing tissue slices, the number of neurons and neuroglia was examined using stereology technique. Results: In the cerebral cortex and in the molecular and granular layers of the cerebellum, the numbers of neurons and neuroglia in the treatment groups were not significantly different from those in the control group, but a significant decrease was observed in the CA1, CA2, and CA3 regions of the hippocampus in the seizure group compared to the control group. In dentate gyrus, the number of neurons in all treatment groups and the number of neuroglia in the seizure group showed a significant decrease compared to the control group. In the Purkinje layer of the cerebellum, there was no significant change in the number of neurons compared to that in the control group. Conclusion: The hippocampus is more involved in the occurrence of seizure activity than other parts of the brain. Neurons and neuroglia play an essential role in seizures, but more studies are needed for determining the relationship between the number of these cells and the use of cabergoline because their number decreases in different parts of the hippocampus following chronic seizures, where the relationship is different between dendrite gyrus and CA regions.
Strategy of Rice Productivity Increment Through Agronomical Treatment at Two Flooding Types of Tidal Swampland
Authors: Gribaldi Gribaldi , Nurlaili Nurlaili , Novriani Novriani
Published: March 2023

The research objective is to increase rice productivity using a ratoon system through N fertilizer and growth regulator treatments at two flooding types of tidal swampland. It was conducted from February to August 2020. The experiment design used in this research is Split Plot Design with three replications. The main plot is N fertilizer and rice variety (NV) which consisted of N1V1= N fertilizing, 1/3 dose during planting + 1/3 dose at primordia phase + 1/3 dosis at harvest for Inpari 30 variety; N1V2= N fertilizing, 1/3 dose during planting + 1/3 dose at primordia phase + 1/3 dose at harvest for Hipa 5 Ceva variety; N2V1= N fertilizing, 1/3 dose during planting + 1/3 dose at primordia phase + 1/6 dose at harvest +1/6 dose at 21 days after harvest for Inpari 30 variety; N2V2= N fertilizing, 1/3 dose during planting + 1/3 dose at primordia phase + 1/6 dose at harvest +1/6 dose at 21 days after harvest for Hipa 5 Ceva variety. The subplot is the application of growth regulator GA3 (G) consisting of G0 = without application of GA3; G1 = application of GA3 once in 7 days; G2 = application of GA3 once in 14 days. The research results showed that N fertilizing, 1/3 dose during planting + 1/3 dose at primordia phase + 1/3 dosis at harvest and application of growth regulator GA3 60 ppm with interval of once in 7 days to ratoon rice is capable to increase rice productivity using ratoon rice system at B and C flooding types at tidal swampland.

How to Cite: Gribaldi, Nurlaili, Novriani, S. Diana, N. Marlina, 2023. "Strategy of Rice Productivity Increment Through Agronomical Treatment at Two Flooding Types of Tidal Swampland." Journal of Agriculture and Crops, vol. 9, pp. 199-204.
„Rowy leśne” i miejsca, których „w ogóle nie ma”. Harcerski Alert Zwycięstwa 1965 jako przyczynek do badania pamięci o Zagładzie
Authors: Grzybowska Katarzyna
Published: March 2023

W 1965 r. odbył się wielki, ogólnokrajowy zwiad Związku Harcerstwa Polskiego zorganizowany przy współpracy z Radą Ochrony Pomników Walk i Męczeństwa. Miał on na celu uczczenie dwudziestolecia PRL przez zauważenie jego dokonań i pamięć o tych, którzy zginęli w walce z hitleryzmem lub stali się jego ofiarami. Celem alertu było również uzupełnienie prowadzonej przez ROPWiM ewidencji miejsc pamięci narodowej o nowe, dotychczas niezinwentaryzowane i nieznane w szerszej skali lokalizacje. Trzydniowa intensywna akcja zaowocowała przygotowaniem tysięcy meldunków alertowych, które wysłano do Kwatery Głównej ZHP. Wśród meldunków znalazły się również takie, które dotyczyły zagłady Żydów: miejsc straceń i zagrzebania zwłok. Szczególną wartość alertów stanowi to, że drużyny miały za zadanie odszukiwanie miejsc w najbliższym sąsiedztwie (do 8 km od szkoły), a zatem prowadziły wywiady we własnym środowisku, wśród lokalnych świadków. W powstałych podczas akcji meldunkach można odnaleźć ślady wahań i niezborności językowej, które wiązały się z nazywaniem nieoznaczonych masowych grobów. Dużą wartość mają ponadto ręcznie przygotowywane przez harcerzy mapy, stanowiące część meldunków. Analizę bogatego materiału źródłowego alertu należy prowadzić z zachowaniem świadomości działań politycznych i propagandowych towarzyszących akcji. W ich rozpoznaniu pomocna jest lektura badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych podczas zwiadu. Analiza materiału alertowego może stanowić krok do zrozumienia dynamiki powstawania miejsc i nie-miejsc pamięci oraz lokalnych procesów pamiętania.
Judith S. Kestenberg i ucieczka w (nie)pamięć o Zagładzie
Authors: Naszkowska Klara
Published: March 2023

Artykuł rekonstruuje życiorys oraz złożoną, międzykulturową i międzynarodową tożsamość Judith S. Kestenberg (1910–1999) – polskiej Żydówki urodzonej w Galicji, na obszarze Austro-Węgier, w ortodoksyjnym domu, studentki medycyny w Wiedniu, emigrantki do Stanów Zjednoczonych, pionierki badań psychoanalitycznych i pracy terapeutycznej z ocalałymi z Zagłady, doświadczonej przez traumę córki ofiar Szoah, matki i żony. W tekście zostały przybliżone złożone okoliczności wyjazdu Kestenberg z Austrii w połowie 1937 r. i jej metaforyczne ucieczki od niemożliwej do zaakceptowania rzeczywistości wojny i Zagłady, a także jej skomplikowany, niejednoznaczny, ewoluujący stosunek do poniesionych w wyniku wojny, Holokaustu i emigracji strat i przeżytych traum, oraz do żydowskiej i polskiej tożsamości. W artykule zestawiono jej osobisty stosunek do Szoah spowodowany utratą rodziców z wręcz obsesyjnym poświęceniem się pracy terapeutycznej z ocalałymi z Zagłady. Podczas gdy w pierwszych powojennych dekadach w środowiskach ocalałych Żydów, emigrantów, a nawet specjalistów od zdrowia psychicznego (w tym psychoanalityków) dominowało przeświadczenie, że o wojnie, traumie i stracie lepiej zapomnieć, Kestenberg od 1968 r. tworzyła nową dziedzinę wiedzy poświęconą ocalałym, którzy doświadczyli prześladowań wojennych w bardzo młodym wieku. Wierzyła, że jedynym sposobem na poradzenie sobie z trudnymi do zaakceptowania wydarzeniami z przeszłości jest mówienie o nich, uznanie ich i zachowanie w pamięci indywidualnej i zbiorowej.
Historia rodzinna i życiorys Kestenberg zostały zrekonstruowane na podstawie źródeł archiwalnych. Oficjalne źródła historyczne przeważnie pomijają głosy i doświadczenia mniejszości, w tym kobiet, Żydów, emigrantów, nieobywateli, dlatego w artykule wykorzystano materiały historii osobistej: wspomnienia, listy, opublikowane i niepublikowane wywiady, oraz historie mówione (ustne wystąpienia, przeprowadzone przeze mnie rozmowy), a także teksty Kestenberg dotyczące jej badań nad ocalałymi.
Ucieczki od stygmatyzacji, zamknięcia, głodu i śmierci. Żydzi w Warszawie w latach okupacji
Authors: Engelking Barbara
Published: March 2023

Autorka analizuje w artykule sytuację warszawskich Żydów w czasie okupacji hitlerowskiej w perspektywie ucieczek. Przedstawia ucieczki od stygmatyzacji (nienoszenie opasek), ucieczki od głodu (z zamkniętego getta, do czasu wysiedlenia) oraz od śmierci (w okresie wielkiej akcji i później). Szczególny nacisk jest położony na aktywność, sprawczość i determinację Żydów.
Tożsamościowe ucieczki we wspomnieniach członkiń i członków Gwardii Ludowej
Authors: Kwiatkowska-Moskalewicz Katarzyna
Published: March 2023

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie i porównanie strategii ukrywania żydowskiej tożsamości członkiń i członków komunistycznego ruchu oporu (Gwardii Ludowej/Armii Ludowej) na przykładzie wojennych wspomnień Barbary Sowińskiej (1912–2004) i Gustawa Alefa-Bolkowiaka (1916–1979). Oboje dorastali w tradycyjnie żydowskich domach, jednak kluczowe znaczenie w wytworzeniu ich hybrydycznej tożsamości miało doświadczenie zdobyte w polskich szkołach. Oboje jesienią 1939 r. ewakuowali się za Bug, ale w 1941 r. nie udało im się uciec w głąb ZSRR. Wrócili do Warszawy, gdzie wkrótce zasilili tworzącą się Gwardię Ludową. Po wojnie odgrywali znaczącą, lecz drugoplanową rolę w budowaniu nowego systemu. Oboje napisali poczytne wspomnienia z okresu walki w szeregach komunistycznego ruchu oporu, w których kamuflowali swoje żydowskie pochodzenie. Ich strategia kamuflażu była jednak odmienna. Jej omówienie stanowi istotę tego artykułu.
Podstawowym materiałem źródłowym są książki: Lata walki Stanisławy Sowińskiej i Gorące dni Gustawa Alefa-Bolkowiaka, skonfrontowane z dokumentami archiwalnymi (partyjne życiorysy, relacje dla archiwum historii partii, zeznania etc.) oraz późniejszymi relacjami i rękopisami, powstałymi na emigracji lub dla zagranicznego odbiorcy. Analiza porównawcza treści pozwala uwypuklić autostrategie ucieczkowe: zarówno te okupacyjne, jak i ich peerelowskie kontynuacje.
Album rysunków Teofili Langnas-Reich w Archiwum Ringelbluma
Authors: Rypson Piotr
Published: March 2023

Celem artykułu jest analiza zespołu satyrycznych prac graficznych Teofili Langnas wykonanych w getcie warszawskim, których tematem jest działalność Rady Żydowskiej wobec licznych stawianych przed nią wyzwań. Analizuję w nim znaczenie poszczególnych rysunków poświęconych kolejnym wydziałom i referatom, których autorka niejednokrotnie posługiwała się aluzją lub rebusem, trudnym niekiedy do rozszyfrowania osobom nieznającym realiów życia warszawskiego getta i samej Rady. Umiejscawiam Album satyryczny w kontekście pozostałych cykli prac autorki i próbuję ustalić ich wzajemne relacje oraz datowanie. W dalszej części podejmuję próbę rekonstrukcji artystycznej edukacji Langnas podczas kursów graficznych zorganizowanych w getcie przez Radę Żydowską. Staram się też ustalić okoliczności towarzyszące powstaniu Albumu i innych cykli, udziałowi w tym Marcela Reicha oraz umiejscowić je w szerszym kontekście prac satyrycznych powstałych podczas okupacji niemieckiej.
„Gdzież źródło błogosławione, z którego czerpał on swą moc…” Pamięć o Mordechaju Anielewiczu w Polsce w latach 1943–1949
Authors: Ferenc Maria
Published: March 2023

Celem artykułu jest pokazanie, w jaki sposób Mordechaj Anielewicz, dowódca Żydowskiej Organizacji Bojowej, był pamiętany i upamiętniany zaraz po wojnie. Autorka przeanalizowała oddolne upamiętnienia Anielewicza (teksty pisane przez osoby, które znały go osobiście) i pokazała, jakie były ich wyobrażenia o Anielewiczu w czasie, gdy powstanie w getcie nie miało jeszcze ustalonego, zinstytucjonalizowanego znaczenia społecznego i politycznego.

Autorka skupiła się na powstawaniu instytucjonalnej i zbiorowej pamięci o przywódcy powstania w getcie w pierwszych latach po wojnie. Jak opowieści o nim rezonowały z powojennymi realiami politycznymi PRL? Jakie były główne schematy narracyjne, według których opisywano życie Anielewicza tuż po jego śmierci? Analiza „życia pozagrobowego” Anielewicza jest niezbędna do zrozumienia społecznego, politycznego i historycznego znaczenia zarówno jego postaci, jak i powstania w getcie warszawskim. Autorka skoncentrowała się na powojennych walkach politycznych dotyczących statusu Anielewicza i jego pozycji ideowej (stawką było „posiadanie” bohatera). Przyglądając się z bliska początkom powstawania mitu, pokazała, co Anielewicz uosabiał dla historyków, opinii publicznej i społeczności ocalałych oraz jak to znaczenie było konstruowane (i jak nim manipulowano).
„Przekroczyłem granicę…” Relacje uciekinierów z okupowanej Polski z 1940 r.
Authors: Haska Agnieszka
Published: March 2023

Autorka przedstawia mało znany zbiór źródłowy relacji uciekinierów do Palestyny, spisywanych w 1940 r. w Tel Awiwie przez Zjednoczony Komitet Pomocy dla Żydów Polskich. Świadectwa te były publikowane podczas wojny od maja 1940 do września 1941 r. w wersji polskiej, a także po hebrajsku i angielsku. W niniejszym wyborze znalazły się świadectwa osób, które podawały szczegóły ucieczki z okupowanej Polski. Biuletyny zawierające relacje są przechowywane w zespole w Archiwum Yad Vashem M.4 – Rescue Committee (Vaad Hahatzalah) of the Jewish Agency for Eretz Israel, pod sygnaturami 219 i 220.
„Na pamiątkę dla Pańskich synów i przyszłych pokoleń, by oddać cześć Pańskim czynom” – materiały do historii przemytnika Benziona Kalba
Authors: Panz Karolina , Polit Monika , Kuma-Zielińska Ewa
Published: March 2023

Prezentowane poniżej źródła są ściśle powiązane z artykułem Sieci przetrwania – przemytnicy z Podhala i Spisza w czasie Zagłady zamieszczonym w tym numerze pisma i z losami jego głównego bohatera Benziona Kalba w latach 1943–1945. Kalb w czasie wojny działał w sieciach przemytniczych na polsko-słowackim pograniczu. W latach 1943–1944 wykorzystał swe kontakty i szlaki do przerzutu setek ludzi przez granice między okupowaną Polską a Słowacją oraz Słowacją a Węgrami.
Osaczona. Wokół aresztowania Anny Golde
Authors: Mitzner Piotr
Published: March 2023

Publikacja, oparta między innymi na wspomnieniu Jadwigi Lorii, dotyczy aresztowania w Warszawie w 1943 r. działaczki socjalistycznej Anny Golde. Ukrywała się po aryjskiej stronie i została wydana przez swojego partnera, aresztowano ją i rozstrzelano. Autor ustala okoliczności tej zbrodni na tle działalności konspiracyjnej jej byłego męża, Zbigniewa Mitznera
Obrońcy wiary. Węzłowe spory o polsko-żydowską przeszłość od 2015 roku
Authors: Dobrosielski Paweł
Published: March 2023

W  opublikowanym  w  2020  r.  artykule  dotyczącym  zawłaszczania  pamięci  o  Holokauście w postkomunistycznej Europie Wschodniej Jelena Subotić zwraca uwagę, że historia stała się „służką populizmu”. Badaczka wskazuje na centralną rolę pamięci zbiorowej w umocnieniu się populizmu i skrajnie prawicowych ruchów we wschodniej Europie, jako moment początkowy wskazując rok 2010 i konkludując, że istotę populistycznego resentymentu stanowią naduży- cia wobec przeszłości. Na polskim gruncie podobnie rozumuje Kornelia Kończal, odwołując się do pojęcia pamięciowego populizmu (mnemonic populism), który przekształca różne możliwe i pluralistyczne polityki pamięci w jednorodną i homogenizowaną populistyczną propagandę.

Po 2015 r. nastąpiła gruntowna reorientacja państwowych polityk pamięci oraz narracji dominujących elit symbolicznych o polsko-żydowskiej przeszłości. Autor stawia sobie za cel zarysowanie i skategoryzowanie tego zjawiska, a kluczową kategorią teoretyczną, jaką się po- sługuje w tekście, jest pojęcie katoendecji autorstwa Jana Tomasza Grossa. Jego ambicją w tek- ście nie jest systematyczne opracowanie dyskursu o polsko-żydowskiej przeszłości po 2015 r., lecz jedynie wskazanie węzłowych momentów tego dyskursu oraz dokonanie ich wstępnej analizy i interpretacji, co będzie jednocześnie stanowić przyczynek do dalszych badań.
„Zawołani po imieniu”, czyli Krzywda i Sprawiedliwość
Authors: Kowalska-Leder Justyna
Published: March 2023

Artykuł stanowi analizę wystawy „Zawołani po imieniu”, którą otwarto w Warszawie w 2020 r. Jest ona poświęcona upamiętnieniu etnicznych Polaków, którzy podczas wojny zostali zamordowani przez Niemców za udzielanie pomocy Żydom. Poprzez szczegółową analizę ekspozycji autorka tekstu odsłania założenia i cele programu „Zawołani po imieniu”, realizowanego od 2019 r. przez Instytut Solidarności i Męstwa im. Witolda Pileckiego, który w obiegu medialnym funkcjonuje jako „polskie Yad Vashem”.
Socio-cultural Recognitions of Nursing in Makeni, Bombali District, Northern Sierra Leone
Authors: Bangura Mohamed
Published: March 2023

Makeni nursing is a female governing vocation making it laborious for men in the vocation to be outstanding in their tender dimensions as nurses. This research positioned at recognising and recounting male and female employed nurses' awareness of and recognition of socio-cultural sway on the enlistment and powers of recall of men in the nursing vocation and also investigate their skills in imparting confidential management to patients of contrasting gender. The research embraced a qualitative research methodology: 18 male and 13 female employed nurses were purposively sampled and were interviewed utilising semi-structured inquiries. Themes of nursing, seen as a women’s industry; low standing; taint; thoughtful, and assisting others, evolved. Sentiments of unease and discouragement, panic, and objection to care were observed when imparting familiar care to patients of the opposite gender; this has directed male participants to evolve a master plan to shelter themselves from sensual claims. The Makeni nursing pedagogy institutions have inadequate facilities for male employed nurses; there is an absence of male function models, and feminine pronouns are utilised when associating with vocational nurses. Obviously, socio-cultural recognitions of nursing enforce a negative image. The toiling experienced by male and female employed nurses when imparting familiar care and the absence of male-cordiality in nursing pedagogical institutions were explored. These elements will direct a more distant shrink in the enlistment and powers of recall of men in nursing; qualified and bright nurses are resigning from the vocation.
A System Approach to Increasing the Level of Language Capacity: The Effect of Language Skills Interaction
Authors: Ghafar Zanyar Nathir , Sawalmeh Murad Hassan
Published: March 2023

The four interconnected and interdependent parts of language skills speaking, listening, reading, and writing, come into play while engaging in natural conversation. The system approach contends that interaction and coordination between these four skills, rather than a mere sum of the four abilities, lead to the development of total language capacity. The system theory is the cause of this coordination and interaction. This research examines how four language skills interact, and the findings show that these skills have a significant and direct impact on one another. This is made feasible using specific notions from physiology and psychology and those deriving from system theory. The study then examines if there is a demand for and whether it is possible to increase school students' full English language proficiency by fusing four language skills in a manner that is both more effective and affordable. The next step is an analysis of whether or not improving high school pupils' overall English language proficiency is necessary or even possible.
A Contrastive Linguistic Study of lexical and Cultural Constraints Met in Translating Qur’an-specific cultural Items into English Showing (Riāa رِئَاءَ) in the Sūrat Nisaa
Authors: Jalaluddin Mohammad , Abdelkarim Majda Babiker Ahmed
Published: March 2023

Even though the translation of the meanings of The Holy Qur’an into English has obtained great importance in the last few years, there is a dearth of studies conducted on the topic of lexical and cultural constraints in the translation of Qur’an-specific cultural items. Hence, the current study was carried out to probe lexical and cultural constraints met by the translators of the Holy Quran in translating the Qur’an-specific cultural items into English showing off- Sūrat Nisaa in (رِئَاءَ Riāa. ِAlso, the paper aimed to answer the main question of whether lexical and cultural constraints impede or not the perspicuous rendering of the meaning of the Holy Qur’an in English, in general, and Qur’an-specific cultural items in English, in particular. The results attained from the present study answer this question: The Holy Qur’an is an untranslatable text. It can never be reproduced appropriately and properly into English, and the cultural loss of meaning in its English- rendered versions is unavoidable.
An Attitudinal Analysis of NPR’s Carbon-reduction Reports
Authors: Lin Xiaoling
Published: March 2023

Under the framework of the Appraisal System, this paper conducts a discourse analysis on NPR’s carbon-reduction reports to investigate the distributional features of attitudinal resources and how the resources are adopted to convey ecological values and stances in the reports. Attitudinal resources are manually annotated on UAM Corpus Tool 6, the distributional features of which will be analyzed and combined with the statistical results. The findings demonstrate that in the reports, sub-types of resources are adopted for different purposes. Affect resources are mainly used to show the intensity of a country’s resolution to tackle climate-change issues, while judgement resources are mostly directed towards a country’s ability and commitment to deal with climate change, and appreciation resources are adopted to give twofold responses about the feasibility and reliability of specific climate change plan. By conducting an attitudinal analysis of NPR’s carbon-reduction reports, the study reveals the ecological stance and value of NPR on carbon-reduction. Combining the theoretical framework of the Appraisal System, this paper also provides a new perspective for discourse analysis on environmental reports.
An Ecological Discourse Analysis of Border Town from the Interpersonal Function Perspective: A Literature Review
Authors: Gu Yihao , Guo Fei
Published: March 2023

Facing the current needs of socially sustainable development and ecological civilization construction, how to devote ourselves to the conservation of the ecosystem has become the focus of an increasing number of scholars. In the field of linguistics, the study of ecological discourse has become a new direction. Ecological Discourse Analysis is to reveal the ecological means of discourse through language analysis in order to prevent the ecological damage of human action. Hallidayan's approach emphasizes the role of language in ecological issues and the impact of language on ecological relationships, and Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) lays stress on describing and analyzing linguistic facts in order to construct reality. Accordingly, this thesis conducts an ecological analysis of Shen Congwen’s classic book Border Town under the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics to explore the ecological relationship between man and nature reflected by the novel, with the expectation that this thesis will further arouse people’s awareness to environmental issues, lead people to rethink the role that human and nature play respectively and provide a new research direction for ecological discourse analysis.
The Structure of the Determiner Phrase in Moroccan Arabic: A Minimalist Approach
Authors: Zrari Ayoub
Published: March 2023

This study analyzes the structure of the determiner phrase (DP) in Moroccan Arabic (MA) within the framework of the Minimalist Program (MP). The study focuses on the determiners, adjectives, and possessives within the DP. The findings show that the determination of definiteness or indefiniteness of the noun is crucial and affects the structure of the DP. In this respect, the head of the DP possesses a definiteness feature; thus, noun movement to the determiner position is triggered by both the definiteness feature and the Minimal Link Condition (MLC). Adjective phrases in the DP are analyzed through the functional category AgrP to satisfy the features of the nouns and adjectives locally. Specifically, the uninterpreted features of case, gender, and number are carried in the head of AgrP, and movement is triggered by the need to satisfy the Extended Projection Principle (EPP) and to allow for feature checking while respecting the MLC principle. The paper argues that Carnie's (2013) arguments about the possessive DP are inadequate to account for MA and proposes the insertion of a functional projection "PossP" that dominates the whole DP, enabling the genitive case to be assigned to the possessor DP. The study shows that the MP approach is adequate in analyzing the DP structure in MA, the operations MOVE and MERGE, and the EPP and MLC principles play essential roles in forming DP structures. The paper also notes that when elements move, they leave behind a copy of the model element to preserve the original semantic interpretation.
The Subversive Influence of Informal Institutions on Formal Equity Policies in Nigerian Universities: Gender Stakeholders' Perspectives
Authors: Igiebor Oluwakemi
Published: March 2023

In an effort to address the systemic problem of gender imbalance in academic leadership, fifteen universities in Nigeria have established gender centres and adopted institutional gender policies. With these formal equity measures in place, it is assumed that women can easily progress to academic leadership; however, this has not been the case. Using interview data gathered from two purposively selected universities in Nigeria; this paper unveils the perspectives of policy stakeholders on the ‘informal rules of the game’. The gender policy stakeholders constitute selected individuals responsible for providing the context and environment for formulating and implementing the gender policy; as such, it is imperative to consider the influence this structure exerts. Informed by Feminist Institutionalism (FI), the analysis was the extent to which gender norms and practices, embodied in informal rules and institutional legacies, challenge the intent of gender equity policies. Findings revealed two major discourses: the nestedness of informal selection in the gender policy formulation process and the gendered logic of appropriateness in gender policy implementation. This paper, therefore, contributes to the FI literature, providing a broader understanding of how the subversion of formalised policies limits the prospect for a positive institutional gender change and undermines women’s academic leadership progression.
Nation Building Elements in Afghanistan
Authors: Khurasani Ekramuddin
Published: March 2023

A nation is a collection of people who have common culture, history and values so that these values can cause cohesion and solidarity among different groups in a country. Transitional factors such as culture and language, common race, common history, religion, etc., play a role in the formation of a nation. These factors are among the things that cause the formation of a nation. A nation-building is a sociological approach that is realized as a result of the fading of ethnic, racial, and gender distinctions. Today, nation-building is used as one of the important tools in different societies for the solidarity and integration of ethnic groups. Various factors play a role in the process of nation-building, and these factors have both strengthening and inhibiting roles. When national-civil nationalism is strengthened in the process of nation-building, the process of nation-building is realized, but with the strengthening of ethnic and religious nationalism, the process of nation-building faces a dead end. Countries that have been able to build a nation have been able to form a single nation by strengthening nationalism. But in countries where there is ethnic and religious nationalism, the process of nation-building faces many challenges. Therefore, the realization of the nation-building process in heterogeneous societies is one of the important tools for the cohesion and solidarity of different ethnic groups, and with the realization of this process, social distinctions disappear, and all citizens enjoy the same privileges and equal rights in a country. In this research, using the descriptive-analytical method, the tools and methods of nation-building in Afghanistan have been examined.
A Feasible Study on the Application of Cyclic Annealing Treatment for Functionality Improvement of 3D Printed PLA Parts
Authors: Zohourkari Iman
Published: March 2023

In the 3D printing of polymeric parts, the annealing cycle is a post-process method that allows different polymeric materials to enhance their mechanical and thermal properties and also eliminate their residual stresses. However, annealing has some drawbacks, such as producing induced shrinkage to the treated parts. In this study, a new technique named “cyclic annealing” is proposed to reduce shrinkage due to annealing treatment. By subsequent increasing and reduction of the temperature over and below the glass transition temperature instead of suddenly increasing the temperature to the target annealing temperature, a significant reduction of shrinkage was observed for the printed PLA parts. Various cylindrical shape samples with different infill densities (30%, 50%, 70%, and 100%) were examined at 70°C, 90°C, and 110°C annealing temperatures. Considerable reduction of shrinkage by up to 50% and improvement of the material strength were observed, which confirms the applicability of the proposed cyclic annealing method as an alternative to traditional polymer annealing for 3D printed materials.