bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Velocity shift of a C IV broad absorption line in quasar SDSS J145229.08+093204.9
Authors: Lu Wei-Jian , Lin Ying-Ru , Yao Min
Published: January 2025

We present the observation of a velocity shift in the broad absorption line (BAL) of C IV ion in quasar SDSS J145229.08+093204.9 (hereafter J1452+0932).This quasar exhibits three distinct BAL systems, designated as systems A, B, and C. Notably, system A, which possesses the highest velocity of approximately −23 000 km s−1, demonstrates a velocity shift of −1097 km s−1 in its C IV ion over a rest-frame period of approximately 1.7 years. To elucidate the nature of these variations, we conducted a comprehensive analysis focusing on the variation situation, location, ionisation state, and profile shape of the three BAL systems in J1452+0932. Our findings reveal that system A is situated closer to the central source compared to systems B and C. Furthermore, system A exhibits higher velocities, higher ionisation states, and smoother profile morphologies. These characteristics collectively suggest that the outflow generating system A is situated in a particularly extreme environment and experiences more pronounced impacts from background radiation energy than systems B and C. Consequently, we postulate that the observed velocity shift in system A may signify an actual line-of-sight acceleration of the outflow, induced by the radiation pressure emanating from the central source. Specifically, this scenario could occur if our line of sight intersects an outflow at a location where it is undergoing acceleration towards its terminal outflow velocity, or if a previously coasting outflow is undergoing renewed acceleration.
Constrained optimization approach for magnetohydrostatic equilibria on the solar atmosphere
Authors: Jafarpour M. H. , Nasiri S.
Published: January 2025

Context. The magnetic field plays an essential role in the evolution of structures and the description of events in the solar atmosphere. Several models have been developed to reconstruct the magnetic field, due to the impossibility of its direct measurement in the solar corona. The model proposed here extrapolates the photospheric magnetogram data up to the corona using a constrained optimization method. In the upper photosphere and chromosphere, both the magnetic and nonmagnetic forces must be taken into account, and the magnetic field reconstruction must be done considering the plasma pressure and density. This is done by applying the Lagrange multiplier technique, as the constrained optimization method, to compute the magnetic field, plasma pressure, and density in magnetohydrostatic equilibria.

Aims. This approach has previously been introduced to reconstruct a nonlinear force-free magnetic field. For this work we extended it to a more realistic issue to reconstruct the magnetic field and calculate the plasma pressure and density in a magnetohydrostatic environment.

Methods. Our approach was to use the constrained optimization method, which is computationally more efficient and easy to implement. The Lagrange multiplier technique is a powerful mathematical tool that has been successfully applied to many areas of physics. We sought to minimize a Lagrangian, which minimizes the divergence term subject to the constraint magnetohydrostatic equilibrium equation. The plasma parameters and magnetic field were eventually computed following the iteration scheme along with appropriate boundary data.

Results. In our previous work, we applied Lagrange multiplier techniques to reconstruct a force-free magnetic field for the solar atmosphere. For this wok, we extended the same optimization technique to extrapolate magnetic field and plasma parameters in magnetohydrostatic equilibria. The results for the magnetic field and plasma parameters were calculated and compared with those obtained by other models in the magnetohydrostatic equilibrium environment as well as the semi-analytical solution as a reference model.

Conclusions. A force-free magnetic field and a suitable distribution for pressure and density were used as the initial input for their corresponding evolution equations. After 20 000 iterations, the convergence of the Lagrangian in our model was slightly better than that of the comparison model. The indicators such as the relative magnetic energy and magnetic field lines were investigated, which are in agreement with the reference model compared to the comparison model.
The design and results of the study of the comb-forming fertilizer
Authors: Abdurakhmonovich Razzakov Bakhodirjon , Khabibullaevich Mamadaliev Muhammadjon , Amanullaevich Abdirahmonov Ravshanbek , Yusupovich Makhmudov Rafukjon , Zokirjonovna Khaidarova Shakhnoza
Published: January 2025

The article presents the results of research into the physical and mechanical properties of soils and fertilizers, the effectiveness of the method of applying mineral fertilizers layer by layer on the formed dams, the development of the design of machines for the formation and fertilization of furrows, as well as the justification of the technological processes of their operation.
Effect of using methods and norms phosphoruos fertilizer on leaf area of winter wheat
Authors: Bozorovich Khudaykulov Jonibek , Alavkhonovich Kurbonov Akhmad , Alisher Ugli Rakhimov Mirzokhid , Jahongir Khamdamov
Published: January 2025

This article presents information on the location, methods and methods of research, the effect of phosphorus fertilizers on the formation of the leaf area of winter wheat. According to this, information was provided on that before planting winter wheat seeds, using ammophos fertilizer 90 kg/ha, potash fertilizer 60 kg/ha, nitrogen fertilizer 200 kg/ha during the growing season, and apply PS-agro pure under the plow at the end of the growing season and nitrophos (NKFU) fertilizers 90 kg/ha, potassium fertilizer 60 kg/ha, compared to the options that used nitrogen fertilizer at the rate of 200 kg/ha during the growing season, the leaf area was up to 2589,7–5341,2 m2/ha, biological dry mass accumulation was up to 9,4–16,2 c/ha.
Impact of heat stress on growth and physiological parameters of soybean varieties at the seedling stage
Authors: Bashir Hassan , Samanhudi  , Parjanto  , Setyawati Andriyana , Komariah  , Senge Masateru , Rahayu Muji , Salma Fathin Tilmiidzah
Published: January 2025

Climate change-induced heat stress poses a significant threat to global soybean production. This study investigated the impact of heat stress on growth and physiological parameters of 18 Indonesian soybean varieties at the seedling stage. Treatments involved exposing two-week-old seedlings to temperatures 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45°C for four hours daily over four consecutive days. The parameters assessed were survival rate, root length, shoot length, total plant weight, and relative water content. Results revealed significant variability in heat stress tolerance among varieties. While all varieties showed optimal growth at 25°C, increasing temperatures from 25 to 30°C led to an increase in growth. A critical threshold was observed between 35 and 40°C, where most varieties experienced a sharp performance decline. Notably, varieties Demas 1, Gepak Kuning, and Agromulyo consistently outperformed others even at 45°C where all other couldn’t survive, maintaining higher survival rates and better growth parameters even under severe stress conditions. This study provides valuable insights into soybean heat stress tolerance mechanisms and identifies promising genetic resources for breeding heat-resilient cultivars in Indonesia. Our findings contribute to the development of strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change on soybean production, crucial for ensuring global food security in the face of rising temperatures.
Impact of salinity stress on the response of aloe vera from different breeders on coastal sand land
Authors: Aprilia Rennanti Lunnadiyah , Purwanto Edi , Suryanti Venty , Rahayu Muji
Published: January 2025

Climate change has led to increased salinity in coastal areas, which can inhibit plant growth. Aloe vera (Aloe vera L.), a drought-resistant CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism) plant with high economic potential, has the ability to tolerate dry environments but requires further study regarding its ability to withstand salinity stress, especially in coastal sandy soils impacted by climate change. This study aims to analyze the effect of salinity stress on the growth and yield of aloe vera from different nurseries in coastal areas. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using a completely randomized design with two factors: nursery origin (Gunung Kidul, Bantul, Cilacap) and salinity levels (0, 5, 10, and 20 g NaCl/L). Results showed that salinity stress significantly affected plant growth and yield. Each increase in NaCl concentration reduced growth and yield. Seeds from the Gunung Kidul nursery produced the best results in terms of plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, and fresh leaf weight. The best treatment interaction was found in the Gunung Kidul nursery without NaCl addition, with a leaf area reaching 18,006 cm2.
Covid-19 impact on food security and households poverty of red upland rice farmer in Semanu District, Gunungkidul Regency
Authors: Rahayu Lestari , Ayu Larasati Damas , Rozaki Zuhud , Wijaya Oki , Wisnu Rubiyanto Cahyo
Published: January 2025

COVID-19 shook the world and impacted the obstruction of production, distribution, buying, and selling activities, including food. Red upland rice is a primary food with a dryland cultivation system in Semanu District, Gunungkidul, the first area to cultivate red upland rice variety segreng. This study aims to determine the food security and poverty of red upland rice farmer households before and during COVID-19 and the factors that affect household food security. The research was conducted in Semanu District, and it was determined purposively. The sample size was 100 respondents by simple random sampling. Data were analyzed using quantitative analysis of income, expenditure, food security, poverty, and factors affecting household food security. The results showed that Covid-19 affected the decline in household income and expenditure. The food security of farmer households during COVID-19 experienced a decrease in the number of households in the food security category by 4%, while household poverty measured in rice equivalent showed a decrease in the number of non-poor households by 17%. Factors affecting the food security of red upland rice farming households in Semanu District are income, COVID-19, and gender.
Analysis of heavy metal pollution of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in soil at Putri Cempo Landfill, Indonesia
Authors: Hawali Abdul Matin Hashfi , Rachmawati Siti , Sastrani Naluri Allobua Brighia , Chesta Ricky Adabi , Nisrina Shofi Izdihar , Nur’l Farida Luqyana Destiani , Firdausi Eyda , Fabiola Candraningtyas Callista
Published: January 2025

The correlation between heavy metals and environmental pollution is undeniable. This is due to the presence of various types of heavy metals and an increase in the value of heavy metal content, which directly results in a decrease in soil fertility. This study aims to determine the content of heavy metals Fe and Zn in the soil of Putri Cempo Landfill. Analysis of heavy metal substances Fe and Zn is focused because basically both substances are substances that are commonly found in the soil. The method used to measure Fe and Zn is the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) method The parameters tested were Iron (Fe) 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5 ppm while for Zinc (Zn) 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.5, 2 ppm. The sample was then wet destroyed and then tested. Analysis of the results of the equation of the line on the curve obtained a linear regression of the relationship between absorbance and concentration of the standard Fe solution is y = 0.1431 and x = 4.184173 where y is the absorbance value and x is the Fe content. R2 value 1 (R2 = 0.9992). Linear regression of the relationship between absorbance and concentration of standard Fe solution is y = 0.1431 and x = 4.184173 mg/Kg, where y is the absorbance value and x is the Fe content. Putri Cempo Landfill soil is still below the specified threshold value. Based on these results, the land in TP Putri Cempo is still considered good for use by human activities, agriculture and for ecology.
Ecological footprint assessment of central java province: An input-output approach
Authors: Irawan Evi
Published: January 2025

The ecological footprint provides a vital measure of how human activities impact natural resources and the environment, highlighting the balance—or imbalance—between consumption and the Earth's capacity to regenerate resources. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for sustainable development, especially in regions facing resource constraints. This study assesses the ecological footprint of Central Java Province using an input-output approach to provide a comprehensive understanding of resource use and environmental impact across key sectors, including agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and built-up areas. By employing the 2016 input-output table and sector-specific land use data, this analysis calculates the direct and indirect land demands associated with final consumption and economic activities. The findings reveal that agriculture and fisheries exhibit the highest ecological footprints per capita, emphasizing their significant demand on land and water resources. The built-up sector, while more efficient in land use, contributes heavily to Central Java’s export economy, indicating its vital economic role. Results also highlight Central Java’s reliance on imported resources, particularly in forestry, to supplement local production, revealing the interconnectedness of regional and global resource flows. The study underscores the importance of adopting sustainable practices in high-impact sectors, such as agriculture, to reduce ecological strain and achieve a balanced resource footprint. This ecological footprint assessment offers insights into sector-specific sustainability challenges and guides policy recommendations for sustainable resource management in Central Java.
Fishermen community’s surviving strategy in facing climate change challenge in Kebonagung District Pacitan Regency Indonesia
Authors: Permatasari Putri , Wibowo Agung , Suwarto  , Winarno Joko , Wijianto Arip
Published: January 2025

Coastal people live dependently on nature. The change of nature condition has an impact on fishing activity. Damaged sea ecosystem affects the sea biota life and endangers fishermen’s livelihood. Uncertain income leads to the less fulfilled economic need. Considering this problems, this research aims to formulate a strategy used by fishermen to face climate change challenge. The research taken place in Kembang and Gawang Villages, Pacitan Regency used qualitative method with case study approach. Data were collected through interview, observation, and documentation. SWOT analysis was used to formulate strategy by identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The research found that fishermen’s persistence and experience with fishing should be optimized through training and facilitation strategies to face the condition of climate change. The organizing strategy through fishermen group can facilitate the activity of extension concerning technology application and improvement of social relation with other stakeholders. This study recommends the importance of cooperation between stakeholders to support the sustainability of fishermen’s fisheries businesses in facing the challenges of climate change by optimizing existing potential.
Juridical construction of socio-ecological security: Indonesia’s vulnerability to climate change
Authors: Atika Sari Diah Apriani , Triatmodjo Marsudi , Purwanto Harry
Published: January 2025

As an archipelagic state, Indonesia is very vulnerable to losing part of its land and islands due to climate change. Climate change causes atmospheric instability and sea level rise. Sea level rise that causes land loss, ecosystem damage, infrastructure damage, and even massive population displacement, are the impacts of climate change that affect environmental security. At the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1992, the goal was to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations to prevent harmful anthropogenic disturbances to the climate system. Therefore, as a response to overcoming the problem of the effectiveness of international environmental law, the idea of juridical construction in the protection of socio-ecological security is needed. Initiatives that can be undertaken by the government include the development of resilient infrastructure systems and land-use planning, as well as the restructuring of spatial planning, particularly for coastal areas and sensitive ecosystems. This research is a normative study that examines the legal framework of socio-ecological security concerning Indonesia’s vulnerability as an archipelagic nation due to the impacts of climate change. This research adopted a normative methodology with legislative and conceptual approaches.
Management of surface and spring water for rice cultivation as climate adaptation in dry land
Authors: Anshori Arif , Suswatiningsih Tri Endar
Published: January 2025

Dry land is characterized by the main problem of water shortage. In karst areas, this problem can be reduced by the presence of springs. This research aims to examine the use of rainfall, surface flow and spring water to support rice planting in the second growing season as a form of adaptation to climatic conditions of dry land in karst areas. The research was carried out on dry land in the Gunungsewu karst area, Gunungkidul D.I. Yogyakarta Indonesia. The research used observation methods, farmer interviews and rice planting trials. The research results show that farmers have managed rainfall, surface flow and spring water for agricultural and household. Utilization of water resources for rice cultivation in the second growing season produced of 6.800 ton ha-1, with income of IDR23,290,000 ha-1. Additional results in the form of straw biomass amounted of 7.232 ton ha-1. Rice requires a lot of water, so water management must based on the soil and water conservation principles, to be sustainable.
Sustainable mobility as a climate adaptation response in protected world heritage areas using Perception of Outstanding Universal Value: The Case of Cosmological Axis of Yogyakarta Indonesia
Authors: Kresnanto Nindyo Cahyo , Putri Wika Harisa , Raharti Rini , Luthfiana Della Nanda
Published: January 2025

The Cosmological Axis of Yogyakarta was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2023, highlighting its Outstanding Universal Value (OUV). However, rapid urbanization and increased vehicle emissions threaten the area’s cultural and environmental sustainability. This study aims to address these challenges by evaluating perceptions of sustainable mobility solutions and their alignment with OUV requirements. Using geospatial analysis, emission modeling, and stakeholder surveys, the research identifies critical traffic patterns and emission hotspots. The findings reveal that while most areas maintain acceptable air quality, zones with high congestion require targeted interventions. The proposed recommendations include enhancing public transportation with low-emission vehicles, expanding pedestrian and cycling infrastructure, and implementing low-emission zones. These measures aim to preserve the cultural and ecological integrity of the Cosmological Axis while fostering environmental and social well-being. This study contributes to sustainable heritage management by providing actionable insights for urban planners and policymakers in managing World Heritage Sites under the pressures of climate adaptation.
Climate change impacts and adaptation strategies: A case study in Northern Vietnam
Authors: Khuat Huyen , Ha Tuan
Published: January 2025

Climate change and its impacts have become increasingly evident in the disaster-prone country like Vietnam. This study was conducted in a mountainous province in the northern part of the country to understand impacts of climate change on the livelihoods of smallholder farmers and identify key strategies toward climate resilience. Through stakeholder surveys and interactive processes among local farmers and relevant stakeholders, a number of locally appropriate climate-resilient models and practices have been identified. In addition, an overall strategy with identified systemic interventions, through the support of a decision supporting tool, have been formulated in addressing the climate induced risks. This study provided strong rationale for policy recommendations and future research on multiple benefits of the identified climate-resilient models and practices.
Performance comparison of cooling systems using R410a and RE170 as working fluids at various condensing temperature
Authors: Setyawan Andriyanto , Mitrakusuma Windy H. , Simbolon Luga M.
Published: January 2025

In addition to being used as a fuel and propellant, dimethyl ether (RE170) can also be used as an environmentally friendly refrigerant. Apart from having zero ozone depletion potential (ODP), this compound also has a very low global warming potential (GWP), making it safe for the environment. This study aims to compare the performance of refrigeration machines using RE170 and R410, which has long been used as a refrigerant in air conditioning systems. The study was conducted at various evaporation and condensation temperatures. The results showed that RE170 does have a lower cooling capacity, about 41.5% of the cooling capacity of R410A. However, the power required on the system with RE170 is very low, which is only about 35.5% compared to the power required by the system with R410. As a result, the system with RE170 has 16.9% better energy efficiency. Thus, RE170 is not only environmentally friendly but also energy efficient. Another important finding of this study is that RE170 is superior to R410A in terms of energy efficiency at high condensing temperature.
The impact of climate variability on diarrhea incidence in Surakarta City, Indonesia 2021-2022
Authors: Nurhayatun Evi , Ulfia Mila , Redhono Harioputro Dhani
Published: January 2025

Diarrhea is still a serious public health problem and an endemic disease in Indonesia, with the potential for outbreaks that frequently result in mortality. According to 2018 Primary Health Research data, the incidence of diarrhea in Indonesia was 6.8% for all ages and 11% for toddlers. Diarrhea is one of the diseases associated with climate variability. The goals of this study is to analyze the impact of climate variability (air temperature and humidity) on the incidence of diarrhea cases in Surakarta City from 2021 to 2022. This study use a cross-sectional method. The data used is secondary data from Surakarta City Statistics Center. The Pearson statistical test was used to analyze the differences between variable. The results of this study showed that air temperature (p = 0.01 and r = 1,000) and humidity (p = 0.01 and r = 1,000) have an impact on the incidence of diarrhea. In conclusion, temperature and humidity had a positive correlation with diarrhea cases.
Direct PCR for DNA barcoding of Bulbophyllum lobbii Lindl. based on rbcL sequence
Authors: Su’udi Mukhamad , Bahrul Ulum Fuad , Setyati Dwi
Published: January 2025

DNA barcoding is a molecular technique frequently used to identify or confirm a species, which involves the steps of isolation, amplification via PCR, and sequencing analysis. However, the use of lysate derived from samples after soaked and heated in TE buffer is lacking reported for this application. This study aims to provide an alternative method for PCR using lysate as template for species identification of Bulbophyllum lobbii using rbcL primers. The results show that the lysate (after heating and briefly spun) is worthy of use as a template in PCR amplification, able to produce a thick single band with appropriate amplicon size (±600 bp). Further sequencing analysis confirms that the resulting sequence is highly readable with a clear chromatogram. BLAST analysis shows high identity (100%) with Bulbophyllum lobbii (MT518983) from USA. In sum, direct PCR using lysate provides an alternative approach for rapid DNA barcoding of plant samples with promising results.
Potential of cumin essential oil as inhibitor of deamination during ensiling process: A meta-analysis and in-silico approach
Authors: Susanto Irwan , Mahendra Fachrur R. , Rahmadani Mardiah , Ridwan Roni , Jayanegara Anuraga
Published: January 2025

Silage produced from high-protein forage is susceptible to amino acid deamination, resulting in ammonia production. One strategy in the development of novel additives is to employ the in-silico method and meta-analysis. Cumin essential oils (EOs) contain metabolite chemicals that may serve as deamination inhibitors, necessary for further research both in vitro and in vivo. This study intends to conduct virtual screening through molecular docking simulations of compounds derived from cumin essential oil as deamination inhibitors in silico, alongside a meta-analysis to validate their efficacy on fermentative products during ensiling. This work examines the relationship between the ligand of Cumin EOs and the particular glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) receptor specific from Clostridium sp., a common contaminant in silage. The observed metrics included energy values derived from the Vina program, pharmacokinetic analysis, and free ammonia concentration in silage. The meta-analysis results indicated that cumin essential oil supplementation effectively decreased free ammonia during ensiling (P < 0.05). However, computer simulations showed that the α-hederin molecule compound was the most effective ligand tested as a deamination inhibitor. In conclusion, it is proposed that Eos cumin might act as a deamination inhibitor in silage while it is being stored.
Élaboration d’un observatoire climatique dans la Réserve Naturelle Régionale et Forêts d’Exception du Val Suzon (Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France)
Authors: Huteau Guillaume , Prunot Sarah , Marchal Thomas , Treca Marlène , Rega Mario , Roucou Pascal , Richard Yves
Published: January 2025

Le changement climatique remet en question les stratégies de gestion des milieux naturels. Dans la Réserve Naturelle Régionale et Forêts d’Exception du Val Suzon (RNR-FE), la richesse de la biodiversité tient en partie au climat spécifique de la vallée et aux microclimats variés de ses multiples vallons nommés combes en Bourgogne. On y trouve aussi bien des conditions subméditerranéennes chaudes et sèches que des ambiances montagnardes fraîches et humides. Le changement climatique peut considérablement bouleverser ces conditions. Conscient de ce nouvel enjeu, l’Office National des Forêts (ONF), gestionnaire de la RNR-FE, a intégré dans sa gestion plusieurs actions pour y faire face, dont certaines avec le monde universitaire. En 2022, un partenariat entre l’ONF et le Centre de Recherches de Climatologie (CRC) a donné lieu à l’installation de 4 stations météorologiques pour mieux caractériser le climat de la RNR-FE. En 2023, dans le cadre d’un projet pédagogique du master Changement Climatique Adaptation Territoire (CClimAT), les microclimats sous couvert forestier, au sein des fonds de combes et des versants, sont l’objet d’un travail ayant nécessité l’installation de 41 capteurs thermiques. Le dispositif permet à la fois d’esquisser une caractérisation de la RNR-FE du Val Suzon comme un espace de fraîcheur à proximité de l’agglomération dijonnaise et de caractériser la variabilité de la température au sein des combes. Ce dispositif et cette analyse amorcent un suivi pérenne du climat et des microclimats de la RNF-FE afin de mieux caractériser les effets du changement climatique sur les milieux et les espèces présentes.
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Authors:   The Publisher
Published: January 2025

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Association between ACE (I/D) polymorphism and physical performance
in Brazilian handballers
Authors: Silvino Valmir Oliveira , Almeida Sandro Soares , Apaza Helen Matias , de Moura Rayane Carvalho , Costa Crislane de Moura , Ferreira Cirley Pinheiro , Beleense George Sales , Ribeiro Sérgio Luís Galan , dos Santos Marcos Antonio Pereira
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the association between the ACE (I/D) polymorphism and
strength phenotypes in Brazilian male handball players, considering their
playing position. A total of 105 male junior handball players and 92 controls
were evaluated. The ACE I/D polymorphism was genotyped by conventional PCR
followed by electrophoresis in agarose gel. All participants were
anthropometrically evaluated and performed the standing long jump (SLJ) and
medicine ball throw (MBT) tests. Athletes presented superior performance in the
SLJ and MBT tests compared to the control group in all playing positions
(p<0.01). No significant differences were observed in genotype or allele
frequencies when comparing athletes and controls or among playing positions.
However, a significant difference was observed when comparing all athletes to
controls using the over-dominant model (II+DD vs. ID; p=0.035). Additionally, ID
athletes had better performance in the MBT than DD players (p=0.04), athletes
with II+ID and II+DD genotypes exhibited superior performance in the SLJ test
(p<0.04), and ID athletes demonstrated increased height compared to II+DD
counterparts (p=0.01). In conclusion, our data showed a potential association
between ACE (I/D) polymorphism and overall athletic predisposition in handball
players, with no association with playing position.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Cariprazine – Updated Values for a
Dose-Related Reference Range
Authors: Sattaf Fabian , Scherf-Clavel Maike , Unterecker Stefan , Eckert Andreas , Reif Andreas , Hahn Martina
Published: January 2025

Dose-related reference ranges can be used in therapeutic drug monitoring to
monitor pharmacotherapy. The deviation of a measured serum concentration
from the expected serum concentration at the corresponding dose can thus be
identified early and responded to appropriately. The serum concentrations of
patients treated with cariprazine regularly deviated from this dose-related
reference range. As this is a relatively new drug with only one
recommendation on values for a dose-related reference range, the values were
tested for validity using real-world data.

Serum concentrations of 24 patients receiving cariprazine once daily were
analyzed retrospectively. Only patients without pharmacokinetic
abnormalities were included. The measured serum concentrations were compared
with the values of the dose-related reference range in the guidelines of the
Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie
consensus guidelines of 2017 and checked whether a sufficient number of
serum concentrations were within the dose-related reference range.

Only 45.8% of the measured serum concentrations were within the dose-related
reference range. The C/D ratio was 1.58±0.73. Accordingly, a lower value of
0.85 and an upper value of 2.31 were calculated for the updated dose-related
reference range, which is below the currently recommended values.

The results suggest that the current values for the dose-related reference
range are too high and require adjustment. The updated dose-related
reference range lies between 0.85 and 2.31, with a mean of 1.58±0.73.
Diagnostischer Nutzen des MTA-Scores in Abhängigkeit von Patientenalter und zerebraler Mikroangiopathie sowie in Zeiten automatisierter Analyseverfahren
Authors: Sander Pauline Klara , Sauer Cathrin , Grey Arne , Krukowski Pawel , Linn Jennifer , Brandt Moritz D. , Haussmann Robert
Published: January 2025

Analyse des diagnostischen Nutzens des MTA-Scores im Kontext von Patientenalter, zerebraler Mikroangiopathie und automatisierten Analyseverfahren.

  retrospektive Analyse von Patienten mit subjektiver kognitiver Störung (SCD), amnestischem MCI (aMCI), Alzheimer-Demenz (AD) und gemischter Demenz (MD) aus einem universitären Demenzzentrum, die sich von 02/2016 bis 12/2020 erstmals zur Demenzdiagnostik inklusive einer kraniellen MRT vorgestellt hatten. Eingeschlossen wurden Patienten, bei denen eine 3D-T1-Sequenz und eine FLAIR-Sequenz für die automatisierte Hirnvolumetrie und Läsionsdetektion- und -volumetrie mittels einer CE-zertifizierten Software zur Verfügung stand. Es erfolgte die Erhebung des MTA-Scores, des Fazekas-Scores, der automatisiert-volumetrisch erfassten Hippocampus- und Temporallappen-Perzentilen sowie des Gesamtläsionsvolumens der weißen Substanz.

  Im Beobachtungszeitraum von 02/2018 bis 12/2020 wurden 242 Patienten (100 männlich, 142 weiblich, Durchschnittsalter 74,7±9,9 Jahre) mit SCD (n=20), aMCI (n=110), AD (n=62) und MD (n=50) analysiert. Der MTA-Score korrelierte stark mit dem Patientenalter (ρ=0,545; p<0,001), was insbesondere in der aMCI- und der AD-Gruppe beobachtbar war. Dabei unterschied sich der MTA-Score ausschließlich zwischen Prodromal- und Demenzstadien signifikant (aMCI vs. AD: p=0,005), während die Hippocampus-Perzentilen auch tendenzielle Unterschiede zwischen SCD und aMCI detektierten. MTA-Score und Hippocampus-Perzentilen korrelierten insgesamt signifikant (ρ=−0,385; p<0,001), was in den Einzelgruppen nur bei aMCI- und AD-Patienten nachweisbar war. Der MTA-Score und auch die Hippocampus-Perzentilen korrelierten mit den Temporallappen-Perzentilen. Insgesamt korrelierten MTA- und Fazekas-Score mittelstark miteinander (ρ=0,451; p<0,001), in der Auswertung der einzelnen Patientengruppen nur in der aMCI- und der AD-Gruppe. Korrelationen zwischen Hippocampus-Perzentilen und Gesamtläsionsvolumina der weißen Substanz wurden weder insgesamt, noch innerhalb der diagnostischen Gruppen beobachtet.

  Bei der Interpretation des MTA-Scores muss das Patientenalter in Form alterskorrigierter Referenzwerte berücksichtigt werden. Insbesondere in der Frühdiagnostik zeigen automatisierte volumetrische Verfahren möglicherweise Vorteile in der Diagnostik subjektiver und leichter kognitiver Störungen, wobei der MTA-Score gute Korrelationen mit volumetrisch erfassten Hippocampus-Perzentilen zeigt. Ob die hippocampale Atrophie durch vaskulär bedingte Denervierungsprozesse im Rahmen einer zerebralen Mikroangiopathie moduliert wird, bedarf weiterer Untersuchungen.
Leveraging Guideline-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems with Large Language Models: A Case Study with Breast Cancer
Authors: DELOURME Solène , REDJDAL Akram , BOUAUD Jacques , SEROUSSI Brigitte
Published: January 2025

Background: Multidisciplinary tumor boards (MTBs) have been established in most countries to allow experts collaboratively determine the best treatment decisions for cancer patients. However, MTBs often face challenges such as case overload, which can compromise MTB decision quality. Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) have been introduced to assist clinicians in this process. Despite their potential, CDSSs are still underutilized in routine practice. The emergence of large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, offers new opportunities to improve the efficiency and usability of traditional clinical decision support systems (CDSSs).

Objectives: OncoDoc2 is a guideline-based CDSS developed using a documentary approach and applied to breast cancer management. This study aims to evaluate the potential of LLMs, used as question-answering (QA) systems, to improve the usability of OncoDoc2 across different prompt engineering techniques (PETs).

Methods: Data extracted from breast cancer patient summaries (BCPSs), together with questions formulated by OncoDoc2, were used to create prompts for various LLMs, and several PETs were designed and tested. Using a sample of 200 randomized BCPSs, LLMs and PETs were initially compared on their responses to OncoDoc2 questions using classic metrics (accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score). Best performing LLMs and PETs were further assessed by comparing the therapeutic recommendations generated by OncoDoc2, based on LLM inputs, to those provided by MTB clinicians using OncoDoc2. Finally, the best performing method was validated using a new sample of 30 randomized BCPSs.

Results: The combination of Mistral and OpenChat models under the enhanced zero-shot PET showed the best performance as a question-answering system. This approach gets a precision of 60.16%, a recall of 54.18%, an F1 Score of 56.59%, and an accuracy of 75.57% on the validation set of 30 BCPSs. However, this approach yielded poor results as a CDSS, with only 16.67% of the recommendations generated by OncoDoc2 based on LLM inputs matching the gold standard.

Conclusions: All the criteria in the OncoDoc2 decision tree are crucial for capturing the uniqueness of each patient. Any deviation from a criterion alters the recommendations generated. Despite a good accuracy rate of 75.57% was achieved, LLMs still face challenges in reliably understanding complex medical contexts and be effective as CDSSs.
One-Pot Synthesis of Bio-Based Styrenes from β-(Phenyl)-β-(phenylthiol)propionic acid via Neutral Ionic-Liquid and Microwave Irradiation-Triggered Cascade Decarboxylative-Dehydrosulfenylation Reaction
Authors: Singh Richa , Rastogi Sumit Kumar , Kumar Santosh , Equbal Danish , Thopate Yogesh , Sinha Arun K.
Published: January 2025

A direct, new and eco-friendly strategy for the one-step synthesis of methoxy- and hydroxylatedstyrenes from β-(phenyl)-β-(phenylthio)propionic acids has been reported. This approach utilizes a neutral IL-[hmim]Br triggered cascade decarboxylative-dehydrosulfenylation reaction under microwave irradiation, without the need for strong bases, acids, toxic metal oxidants, and eliminates the need for phenolic group protection-deprotection strategy and thus offering an efficient route to bio-based commercially important FEMA-GRAS approved vinylphenols. NMR studies suggest a concerted reaction mechanism.
Visible-Light-Induced Enantioselective Dearomative [2+2]-Cycloaddition/Ring-Expansion Sequence of Indoles with Simple Alkenes
Authors: Liu Xiaohua , Cao Weidi , Feng Xiaoming , Hou Liuzhen , Yang Longqing
Published: January 2025

Catalytic asymmetric dearomatization reactions represent a versatile platform for constructing complex optically active three-dimensional molecules. We present a visible-light-induced asymmetric dearomative [2+2] cycloaddition/ring-expansion reaction of indole derivatives with simple alkenes in the presence of a chiral N,N′-dioxide/terbium complex. This strategy provides access to a range of valuable cyclopenta[b]indoles, and its synthetic potential is further showcased through a gram-scale synthesis, potential bioactivity against human breast cancer, and further transformation into a yuehchukene analogue. A series of control and spectral experiments, as well as DFT calculations, provide compelling evidence to elucidate the reaction mechanism.
Optimizing Care and Maintenance of Enteric Tubes: Insights into Percutaneous Radiologically Placed Gastrointestinal Luminal Tubes
Authors: Khavandi Mohammad Mahdi , Nezami Nariman , Huang Steven Y. , Tam Alda L. , Odisio Bruno C. , Mahvash Armeen , Abdelsalam Mohamed E. , Kuban Joshua D. , Sheth Rahul A. , Habibollahi Peiman
Published: January 2025

Percutaneous enteric tubes, including gastrostomy, gastrojejunostomy, and percutaneous transesophageal gastrostomy, are essential for patients who cannot maintain adequate oral nutrition or require gastric decompression due to conditions like malignant bowel obstruction. Proper care and maintenance are crucial to prevent complications and maintain function. Enteric tubes are inserted using various techniques at different locations based on patient needs and anatomical considerations. Enteric tubes play a vital role in patient care, and continued research and innovation are necessary to improve outcomes and reduce complications. Routine care involves regular flushing and site maintenance to prevent occlusion and infection. While complications are common, they can be effectively managed or avoided with proper care. This review outlines the care, maintenance protocols, and post-placement complication management for enteric tubes.
Important Anatomy in Lymphatic Interventions: A Practical Review
Authors: Crawford Daniel A. , Patel Indravadan J. , Naidu Sailendra G. , Wallace Alex , Ozen Merve , Alzubaidi Sadeer
Published: January 2025

New understanding of the lymphatic system as well as increasing recognition of its importance in various pathologies have increased the opportunity to perform lymphatic interventions. Advancement in our understanding of the lymphatic system anatomy, including variations, combined with improved imaging has renewed interest in both surgical and interventional management of a wide range of complex lymphatic pathologies. It is important for the proceduralist to recognize the anatomy, variability, and physiology of the lymphatic system, including lower extremity lymphatic drainage, cisterna chyli location, and thoracic duct drainage. The purpose of this study is to convey the practical aspects of performing lymphatic interventions in an effort to improve the speed and reliability of these procedures.
Heterogeneous integration of amorphous silicon carbide on thin film lithium niobate
Authors: Li Zizheng , Sharma Naresh , Lopez-Rodriguez Bruno , van der Kolk Roald , Scholte Thomas , Voncken Hugo , van der Boom Jasper , Gröblacher Simon , Zadeh Iman Esmaeil
Published: January 2025

In the past decade, lithium niobate (LiNbO3 or LN) photonics, thanks to its heat-free and fast electro-optical modulation, second-order non-linearities, and low-loss, has been extensively investigated. Despite numerous demonstrations of high-performance LN photonics, processing lithium niobate remains challenging and suffers from incompatibilities with standard complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication lines, limiting its scalability. Silicon carbide (SiC) is an emerging material platform with a high refractive index, a large non-linear Kerr coefficient, and a promising candidate for heterogeneous integration with LN photonics. Current approaches of SiC/LN integration require transfer-bonding techniques, which are time-consuming, expensive, and lack precision in layer thickness. Here, we show that amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC), deposited using inductively coupled plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition at low temperatures (<165 °C), can be conveniently integrated with LiNbO3 and processed to form high-performance photonics. Most importantly, the fabrication only involves a standard, silicon-compatible, reactive ion etching step and leaves the LiNbO3 intact, hence its compatibility with standard foundry processes. As a proof-of-principle, we fabricated waveguides and ring resonators on the developed a-SiC/LN platform and achieved intrinsic quality factors higher than 1.06 × 105 and a resonance electro-optic tunability of 3.4 pm/V with a 3 mm tuning length. We showcase the possibility of dense integration by fabricating and testing ring resonators with a 40 μm radius without a noticeable loss penalty. Our platform offers a CMOS-compatible and scalable approach for the implementation of future fast electro-optic modulators and reconfigurable photonic circuits, as well as nonlinear processes that can benefit from involving both second- and third-order nonlinearities.
Modeling analysis of bifacial photovoltaic panels performance
Authors: Azooz Aasim A. , Ali Zeyad T.
Published: January 2025

A quantitative model-based analysis was conducted to estimate the percentage output energy ratio of bifacial photovoltaic (PV) modules compared to monofacial ones of equal area operating under the same conditions. The operating conditions involve latitude position, albedo, season, and PV bifaciality. The results demonstrate that bifacial installations can produce monthly, seasonal, and yearly energy gains ranging between 8% and 35% compared to monofacial modules when both types are installed at the optimum installation angle for the particular latitude considered. The gain tends to show general increase with increasing latitude and albedo. Good agreement with published experimental results is observed.
Unipolar neuromorphic memtransistors with reconfigurable inhibition–excitation switching based on antagonistic dual mechanisms
Authors: He Xiang , Wang Jie , Fu Jingwei , Ming Jianyu , Wang Le , Li Wen , Zheng Chaoyue , Ling Haifeng
Published: January 2025

Implementing reconfigurable excitatory–inhibitory bidirectional weight updates in a unipolar transistor is highly desirable for developing compact neuromorphic hardware but remains a significant challenge. In this study, we employ a dual-mechanism approach by designing an organic electrolyte gate-selected memtransistor (OESmT) to reliably and rapidly update synaptic weights in both directions. The switching between synaptic inhibition and excitation depends on the connection state of the gate (modulation terminal), which can be either grounded or floating. This switching mechanism is driven by the dynamics between the electric-double-layer (EDL) and charge-trapping effects, resulting from the antagonistic effect of the two mechanisms. Long-term synaptic plasticity in both directions is demonstrated. The reconfigurable characteristic of the OESmT remains stable for 5000 pulses applied. Besides, the device has been applied to the autonomously guided vehicle. Our research highlights the importance of coupling of EDL and charge-trapping effects in reconfigurable neuromorphic systems.
Squeezed microwave and magnonic frequency combs
Authors: Kani A. , Hatifi M. , Twamley J.
Published: January 2025

We present a theoretical framework for generating squeezed microwave and magnonic frequency combs achieved through the parametric coupling of magnon modes to a cavity. This coupling exploits the intrinsic non-linear magnon modes of a ferromagnetic sphere. When subjected to a strong, coherent microwave field, we show that the system exhibits spontaneous generation of squeezed frequency combs. Our exploration crosses various regimes of comb generation, prominently highlighting phenomena such as squeezing and squeezed lasing. This study paves the way for a pioneering room-temperature, multi-frequency maser characterized by both its magnonic and microwave squeezing properties. The implications of our findings hold promise for advancements in spintronics, quantum sensing, information processing, and quantum networking.
Cassowary Dad
Authors: McWilliams Beverley , Teh Julian
Published: January 2025

Tap, tap, CRACK!

Three stripy chicks hatch …

After patiently incubating his mate's eggs, Cassowary Dad must raise the chicks alone. Cassowary Dad nurtures, teaches and protects his chicks. But looking after three chicks is not easy. When a cyclone tears through their rainforest home, will this devoted dad be able to save his family?

A heart-warming tale about the magnificent Australian cassowary.

Reading level varies from child to child, but we recommend this book for ages 5 to 9.