bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Лапароскопічна алопластика пупкових гриж живота з використанням наномодифікованого сітчастого імплантату
Authors: Lutkovskyi R. A.
Published: November 2020

Мета роботи: покращити результати лапароскопічного операційного лікування пупкових гриж живота (ПГЖ) із використанням наномодифікованої поліпропіленової сітки.

Матеріали і методи. Проведено аналіз лапароскопічного операційного лікування 114 хворих з ПГЖ. Залежно від виду використаного під час виконання лапароскопічного операційного лікування сітчастого імплантату хворих розділили на дві групи. У 57 (50 %) хворих групи I використано під час операційного лікування наномодифікований поліпропіленовий сітчастий імплантат, в групі II у 57 (50 %) хворих використано класичну поліпропіленову сітку.

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Статистично значущо кращі результати отримано у хворих групи I порівняно з групою II: серому виявлено відповідно у 1 (1,8 %) та 4 (7,0 %) хворих (р<0,05), хронічний біль в ділянці черевної стінки протягом 6 – 8 місяців після операції мав місце у 3 (5,3 %) хворих групи II на відміну від групи I, де таких ускладнень не спостерігали, рецидиви грижі – відповідно у 3 (5,3 %) і 1 (1,8 %) хворих (р<0,05). Тривалість стаціонарного лікування в групі I становила (2,1±1,2) доби, в групі II – (5,3±2,1) доби.

Лапароскопічне операційне лікування пупкових гриж живота із використанням наномодифікованої поліпропіленової сітки є ефективнішим порівняно з використанням класичної поліпропіленової сітки, про що свідчило зменшення частоти сероми з (7,0±1,2) до (1,8±0,3) %, хронічного післяопераційного болю – з (5,3±0,4) до 0, рецидиву грижі – з (5,3±0,4) до (1,8±0,6) %.
Імунний статус у хворих на цукровий діабет із синдромом діабетичної стопи
Authors: Stets M. M. , Antoniv V. R. , Tcyura Y. P. , Kindzer S. L. , Perepadya V. M.
Published: November 2020

У статті наведено результати обстеження 32 хворих на цукровий діабет із синдромом діабетичної стопи. Отримані результати свідчать про втягнення імунної системи в процес запалення і можуть бути відображенням процесів масивного гнійно-некротичного запалення з втягненням у патологічний процес автоімунних механізмів.
Новий доступ у хірургії дистального плеча
Authors: Tugarov Y. R. , Yavorskyy A. V. , Dumanets O. V. , Kulianda O. I. , Kostyshyn M. I.
Published: November 2020

Мета роботи: розробка найоптимальнішого доступу до ліктьового суглоба для репозиції та фіксації переломів головчастого підвищення плечової кістки.

Проведено аналіз карт стаціонарного хворого: 98 пацієнтів (42 чоловіки, 56 жінок) з переломами дистального епіметафіза плечової кістки. З переднього доступу прооперовано 9 пацієнтів, із заднього – 47, з бокового – 38, з комбінованих доступів – 4. 15 % усіх пацієнтів потребували повторних реконструктивних операційних втручань для усунення незадовільних результатів.

Запропонований нами новий спосіб операційного лікування уламкових внутрішньосуглобових переломів дистального епіметафіза правої плечової кістки за класифікацією міжнародної асоціації остеосинтезу (13С1, 13С2, 13С3) застосували у 7 пацієнтів. Отримано патент на корисну модель нового доступу до плечового суглоба № 134427 від 10.05.2019.

Запропонований нами доступ при лікуванні внутрішньосуглобових переломів дистального епіметафіза плечової кістки дозволяє зберегти точки прикріплення груп м’язів, мінімізувати ризики ушкоджень нервових та судинних структур, забезпечити скорочення термінів непрацездатності та хороші віддаленні результати.
МІЖДИСЦИПЛІНАРНА ІНТЕГРАЦІЯ ПРИ ВИКЛАДАННІ БІОХІМІЇ У ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНОМУ КОЛЕДЖІ НА ПРИКЛАДІ ТЕМИ «ВСТУП ДО ОБМІНУ РЕЧОВИН ТА ЕНЕРГІЇ»
Authors: Pershko I. O. , Todosiichuk N. A.
Published: November 2020

У статті проаналізовано теоретичні та практичні аспекти міждисциплінарної інтеграції при викладанні біологічної хімії. Розглянуто механізм реалізації предметно-орієнтованого навчання в межах вертикальної міждисциплінарної інтеграції на прикладі теми «Вступ до обміну речовин та енергії». Запропоновано конкретні шляхи підвищення ефективності викладання біохімії засобами міжпредметних зв’язків.

Реалізація принципів міждисциплінарної інтеграції під час проведення лекційних занять вимагає від викладача глибоких знань не лише його предмета, але й багатьох інших навчальних дисциплін, у тому числі і предметів фахової підготовки студентів-фармацевтів. Вкрай важливо дотримуватися оптимального балансу між матеріалом теми, що вивчається під час лекції, та інформацією суміжних тем чи навчальних дисциплін. Використання принципів міждисциплінарної інтеграції при вивченні біологічної хімії сприяє підвищенню мотивації студентів, а саме усвідомленню практичної значущості навчального матеріалу та набутих компетентностей у майбутній професійній діяльності.
PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF QUARANTINE ON THE MEDICAL EDUCATION AND HOW TO REDUCE IT
Authors: Pakholchuk O. P. , Nedelska S. M. , Pavlov S. V.
Published: November 2020

Previously published data on experiences of the different quarantine measures or outbreaks in the public health system related to the SARS virus, Ebola virus, Influenza infections were analyzed in the article. The aim of the article was to identify, appraise and synthesize the best available evidences from the systematic reviews for the possible psychological impact of quarantine on the learning on health care in medical university in conditions of isolation during pandemic COVID-19 and to propose approaches to solve these problems. These findings were appraised in prism of the medical education and avaliable approaches to the e-learning of medical students. Self-experience of the Zaporizhzhia State Medical University was also included. On the background of the published results of the studies revealing the stressors some solutions for the identified problems were proposed relating to the data of the reviews. Particular attention is paid to the effect of the self e-learning on the result of the knowledge achievement. Among main stressful factors were indicated the following: fear of infection, frustrating, boredom, inability to take part in usual day-to-day activities, lack of contact with patients. Role of the teacher in reducing the burden of stress in students during quarantine was covered. Benefits and pitfalls of on-line education were assessed. The future unsolved problems were discussed.
МЕТОДИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ВИКЛАДАННЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГІЧНОЇ ТА СУДОВОЇ ХІМІЇ ВІТЧИЗНЯНИМ СТУДЕНТАМ
Authors: Horlachuk N. V. , Zarivna N. O. , Mosula L. M.
Published: November 2020

Викладено основні методичні підходи до викладання дисципліни «Судова та токсикологічна хімія» вітчизняним студентам фармацевтичного факультету, спеціальності «Фармація». Базовими завданнями вищої школи є підготовка фахівців, що володіють глибокими знаннями фундаментальних та прикладних дисциплін і вміють творчо застосовувати ці знання для вирішення різноманітних завдань. Розроблена дисципліна включає курс лекцій, методичні вказівки до практичних робіт і підготовки до лекцій та занять, які доступні в системі Moodle. Лекційний курс представлений у вигляді мультимедійних презентацій з десяти тем та охоплює класифікацію токсичних речовин, методи ізолювання отрут із біологічного матеріалу, їх ідентифікацію та кількісне визначення. Дисципліна включає дванадцять  практичних робіт, на яких проводять хіміко-токсикологічний аналіз та судово-токсикологічне дослідження обʼєктів біологічного походження на наявність і вміст отруйних речовин різної природи і характеру.
ЗМІСТОВНО-ТЕМАТИЧНА СПРЯМОВАНІСТЬ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ НАУКОВИХ СТУДІЙ ПРО РОЗВИТОК ІНШОМОВНОЇ ОСВІТИ В ЗАРУБІЖЖІ
Authors: Savchuk B. P. , Haraрко L. I. , Fedchyshyn N. O.
Published: November 2020

У статті здійснено аналіз змістовно-тематичної спрямованості українського педагогічного дискурсу про розвиток іншомовної освіти в зарубіжжі. Методом головного масиву охоплено близько 70 дисертацій і двох десятків монографій, а вибірковим методом – близько сотні статей. Визначено іншомовну освіту як організований педагогічний процес навчання, виховання і розвитку здобувача освіти змістом та засобами дисципліни «Іноземна мова». Виходячи з покладених в основу назв досліджень базових термінів і частоти їхнього використання, окреслено семантико-тематичний спектр публікацій за основними групами: дидактичні, лінгвістичні, культурологічні.
СИМУЛЯЦІЙНИЙ ТРЕНІНГ ЯК МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНИЙ ПІДХІД У ПІДГОТОВЦІ СТУДЕНТІВ ПРИ ВИВЧЕННІ ФАРМАКОЛОГІЇ
Authors: Voloshchuk N. І. , Denysiuk O. M. , Pashynska O. S. , Marynych L. I.
Published: November 2020

На сьогодні в українських вищих медичних навчальних закладах симуляційні технології активно впроваджуються в освітній процес як для навчання студентів, так і для оцінки їх професійних навичок. Крім цього, навчання на основі моделювання може стати способом захисту медичних працівників та пацієнтів від непотрібних ризиків і лікарських помилок через брак практичного досвіду лікаря. Та, на жаль, порівняно з іншими країнами, наша робить перші кроки у цій сфері, особливо це стосується викладання фундаментальних дисциплін. Цей процес вимагає пошуку нових підходів до навчального процесу у викладачів і студентів. Мета нашого дослідження – обґрунтувати методичні підходи підвищення ефективності вивчення фармакології студентами ІІІ курсу медичного факультету через впровадження симуляційних методів навчання. При підготовці до дослідження було використано контент-аналіз із використанням сучасних медичних та науково-педагогічних Internet-джерел, бібліосемантичний, а також аналіз кінцевих продуктів діяльності.

На кафедрі фармакології Вінницького національного медичного університету ім. М. І. Пирогова була розроблена імітаційна ситуація за темою «Анафілактичний шок. Фармакологічна терапія», яка використовується в навчальному процесі. Викладачі та студенти відмічали високий рівень ефективності одночасного засвоєння теоретичного матеріалу та набуття практичних навичок на симуляторах-манекенах. Важливим моментом такого методологічного підходу є формування бази для розвитку клінічного мислення. Освітню симуляцію можна вважати важливою складовою підготовки до об’єктивного структурованого клінічного іспиту (ОСКІ).

Таким чином, використання імітаційних технологій дозволяє оволодіти професійними практичними навичками на більш високому рівні, ніж лише теоретичний, та сприяє наблизити навчання на теоретичних кафедрах до практичної медицини, дозволяє перенести набуті компетенції в реальну клінічну діяльність.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ІНТЕРАКТИВНИХ МЕТОДІВ ВИКЛАДАННЯ З ЇХ ІМПЛЕМЕНТАЦІЄЮ В УМОВАХ КЛІНІКИ ПРИ ФОРМУВАННІ ПРОФЕСІЙНИХ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТЕЙ У МАЙБУТНІХ МЕДИЧНИХ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ
Authors: Trishch V. I.
Published: November 2020

У статті висвітлено досвід використання  на практичному занятті поєднання інтерактивних інноваційних технологій, таких, як симуляційний тренінг (сценарій) та ділова (рольова) гра, з подальшим закріпленням отриманих знань та практичних навичок в умовах клініки. Проведена оцінка ефективності поєднання даних методик у формуванні професійних та комунікативних компетентностей  у майбутніх медичних працівників.

Ефективне поєднання інтерактивних методів навчання на практичному занятті з імплементацією цих методик у реальних клінічних умовах дозволяє одночасно вирішити ряд завдань, відповідає сучасним вимогам викладання, і може бути рекомендоване для широкого впровадження в навчальний процес.
РЕТРОСПЕКТИВНИЙ АНАЛІЗ НАВЧАННЯ ЛІКАРІВ-ІНТЕРНІВ ФАХУ «ВНУТРІШНІ ХВОРОБИ» ТА ШЛЯХИ ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ ПРАКТИЧНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ
Authors: Hrebenyk M. V. , Kryskiv O. I. , Lazarchuk T. B. , Kotsyuba O. I.
Published: November 2020

Стаття присвячена проблемі підвищення ефективності навчання лікарів-інтернів фаху «Внутрішні хвороби». Якісна підготовка майбутнього лікаря – пріоритетний напрямок розвитку медичної освіти. Першочергове завдання кафедр післядипломної освіти – поліпшити якість освіти лікаря. Інтернатура укріплює професійну придатність лікаря і визначає її рівень. Особливий акцент робимо на набутих знаннях, навичках та вміннях, а також психологічних якостях молодого спеціаліста, що повинні забезпечити ефективне виконання професійних завдань. Щоби намітити план якісних перемін у навчанні, ми провели анонімне опитування лікарів-інтернів фаху «Внутрішні хвороби» наприкінці І року навчання. Анкету розробили викладачі кафедри. Вона включала 11 питань. Нас цікавили: 1) самооцінка лікарів-інтернів фаху «Внутрішні хвороби» щодо володіння ними практичними навичками на початку і наприкінці очного циклу І року навчання; 2) їхнє бачення шляхів удосконалення (чи набуття) необхідних практичних навичок. Проаналізовано ефективність практичних занять з точки зору розвитку й удосконалення комунікативної компетентності. Розглянуто питання стандартизації медичної практики, що дозволяє систематизувати та впорядкувати знання лікарів-інтернів, що здобуті під час навчання на додипломному рівні. Для оптимізації первинної спеціалізації в інтернатурі процес навчання має носити характер спільної діяльності інтерна з викладачем на всіх етапах навчання. Цьому сприяє невелика кількість інтернів у групі та активне вдосконалення їхніх практичних навичок з опитування, огляду і лікування пацієнтів. Найефективнішими і сучасними формами навчання є соціально-психологічний тренінг та впровадження стандартів медичної практики у професійну діяльність молодих спеціалістів. Постійне використання стандартів медичної допомоги обумовлює теоретичні засади належної клінічної практики європейського зразка. Вважаємо корисною практику вивчення самооцінки лікарів-інтернів їхньої компетентності з метою підготовки в інтернатурі фахівців високого професійного рівня.
PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF MASTERS IN DENTISTRY IN MEDICAL UNIVERSITIES OF UKRAINE AND COUNTRIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION IN TERMS OF EDUCATIONAL CURRICULA AND SYLLABI HARMONIZATION
Authors: Kulbashna Ya. А. , Nahirnyj Ya. Р. , Skrypnyk I. L. , Skibitska О. O. , Zakharova V. O.
Published: November 2020

The article analyzes, compares and summarizes the curricula for masters in dentistry used in medical universities of the EU countries and O. Bohomolets National Medical University. A comparative analysis of European and national universities’ curricula revealed that the professional training of masters in dentistry in medical universities of Ukraine and in European countries has significant differences in both content and organizational context. Curricula for professional training of future dentists in European universities differ in the number of disciplines and ECTS credits allocated for their study. Comparing of syllabi in NMU and EU countries allowed to state that the main differences consists in their intensity. It is established that the workload of students of national medical universities is very high on account of the large number of humanities and socio-economic disciplines, while European students have only two socio-economic disciplines in the program. Comparative analysis of curricula of national and European universities made it possible to determine the main tasks of reforming the system of dental education, particularly: improving the quality of medical education, ensuring its conti­nuity and consistency throughout the period of professional activity; reducing the workload on students; providing the optimal ratio of theoretical and practical training with increasing emphasis on clinical and practical training.
Occurrence of the Aporrectodea caliginosa caliginosa (Savigny, 1826) (Annelida: Clitellata: Haplotaxida) from Kashmir Valley, Jammu & Kashmir, India
Authors: Najar Ishtiyaq Ahmed , Khan Anisa B. , Hai Abdul
Published: November 2020

The paper describes the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa caliginosa (Savigny, 1826) of class Clitellata, order Opisthopora and family Lumbricidae, from Kashmir Valley, Jammu & Kashmir, India.  Previously the species was recorded from Himachal Pradesh, and in the present study the species is reported from Gulmarg forest within the geographical coordinates of (34.0500N & 74.3880E).  During the study the seasonal variation of A.c. caliginosa in terms of density and biomass along with the soil physiochemical characteristics were reported.  A.c. caliginosa showed significant variation in density (t=3.34, p<0.044) and biomass (t=3.40, p<0.042) among different seasons, with maximum density (129.6/m2) and biomass (26.90g/m2) during spring, and minimal values of 34.33/m2 and 6.94g/m2 during winter respectively.  Soil physiochemical characteristics also varied significantly among seasons.
Amblyomma gervaisi (Ixodida: Ixodidae: Amblyomma) infestation in a Rat Snake from northwestern Himalayan region: a case study
Authors: Moudgil Aman D. , Sharma Ankur , Kumar Adarsh , Singla Amit , Bansal Surender
Published: November 2020

Along with a number of hosts, ticks are also capable of infesting snakes and transmitting rickettsiosis, anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis.  In the present study, ticks recovered from a Rat Snake Ptyas mucosa were collected and identified as Amblyomma gervaisi (previously known as Aponomma gervaisi).  The case reports pertaining to observation of ticks (especially A. gervaisi) on reptile (snake) hosts are restricted to southern, eastern and western parts of India and the present study claims to be the first documented report of Amblyomma gervaisi ticks from Rat Snakes of northwestern Himalayan region.
A faunistic survey of tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae) in Chakrashila Wildlife Sanctuary and adjoining riverine ecosystem in Assam, India
Authors: Choudhury Kushal , Das Chandan , Soren Amar Deep
Published: November 2020

A faunistic survey was made to assess the tiger beetle fauna from the Chakrashila Wildlife Sanctuary and adjacent rivers for the first time from the western part of Assam, India.  A total of 15 species of tiger beetles (subfamily Cicindelinae) belonging to seven genera were recorded from forest, moist and dry riverine ecosystem using an occasional night trap.  Eight species belonging to five genera were recorded from the riverine ecosystem.  Two species, viz., Cylindera spinolae and Calochroa assamensis, were strictly restricted to the forest and Cosmodela virgula was recorded from both forest and riverine areas.  Cylindera (Eugrapha) minuta, Calochroa flavomaculata, and Lophyra (Spilodia) vittigera were collected using a night trap from the forest area.  The study revealed that habitat degradation due to human interference is the major threat to the tiger beetles in the study area.
A new country record of Smooth-backed Gliding Gecko Gekko lionotum (Annandale, 1905) (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Bangladesh
Authors: Bhuiyan M. Rashedul Kabir , Rabbe M. Fazle , Jaman Mohammad  Firoj , Das Ananda Kumar , Mohsanin Samiul
Published: November 2020

We report a new record in Bangladesh of the Smooth-backed Gliding Gecko Gekko lionotum Annandale, 1905, recorded from a biodiversity hotspot area at Bandarban located at the southeastern side of the country.  A freshly dead specimen was collected and donated to the Padma Bridge Museum for further identification and display.  We confirmed identification by comparing morphometric and meristic characteristics with literature records.  Gekko lionotum is distributed in Myanmar and northeast India, but was not recorded previously from Bangladesh.  The camouflaging color pattern and cryptic lifestyle of this species, together with and absence of research efforts, likely account for the lack of previous records for this species in Bangladesh territory.
Exploring Refractoriness as an Adjunctive Electrical Biomarker for Staging of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: van Staveren Lianne N. , de Groot Natasja M. S.
Published: November 2020

Patients diagnosed with the same subtype of atrial fibrillation according to our current classification system may differ in symptom severity, severity of the arrhythmogenic substrate, and response to antiarrhythmic therapy. Hence, there is a need for an electrical biomarker as an indicator of the arrhythmogenic substrate underlying atrial fibrillation enabling patient‐tailored therapy. The aim of this review is to investigate whether atrial refractoriness, a well‐known electrophysiological parameter that is affected by electrical remodeling, can be used as an electrical biomarker of the arrhythmogenic substrate underlying atrial fibrillation. We discuss methodologies of atrial effective refractory period assessment, identify which changes in refractoriness‐related parameters reflect different degrees of electrical remodeling, and explore whether these parameters can be used to predict clinical outcomes.
Full Shelves, Good Skills?
Authors: Breznau Nate , Sauter Lisa , Salikutluk Zerrin
Published: November 2020

Evidence suggests that books in the childhood home impact children’s educational and occupational attainments. Previous research finds this ‘book effect’ after conditioning on parental socio-economic status and national context. Human and cultural capital theories offer plausible explanations for this book effect. However, mechanisms underlying the book effect remain empirically illusory. Drawing on previous findings, the authors develop theoretical arguments that human and cultural capital are not the entire story behind the book effect. Designing a formal model of all these processes, the authors test their claims using immigration, language and country-context to adjudicate between mechanisms hypothesized by the theories. Using CILS4EU data in four countries and structural equation modeling to test these theories’ models against the data, the authors find the direct effect of books does not differ between native and immigrant adolescents in predicting 9th grade language aptitude scores. Moreover, this effect does not vary much by country. Reading habits and primary language spoken at home explain only part of the effect suggesting the presence of books measures something operating independently and in addition to human and cultural capital. The authors suggest books create opportunities for children whose parents are unlikely to cultivate scholarly values on average.
“Insurgentes, Self-Styled Patriots”
Authors: Simeonov Simeon Andonov
Published: November 2020

This article argues that Iberian consulates in the United States identified the emergence of a “privateering archipelago,” a new revolutionary interimperial legal/economic regime stretching from Rhode Island to the greater Caribbean in the post-Napoleonic decade. Spanish consuls’ successful navigation of the privateering archipelago enabled them to expand the power of Cuban slavers into the southern U.S. Spanish consuls’ confrontation with privateers became a driving force in the revival of the slave trade after its international condemnation at the Congress of Vienna (1815). Even though there were many ways in which Spanish consulates used the entanglement between privateering and slaving to strengthen the colonial hold on slavery, it was by means of whitening passports that they sought to institutionalize their power in the privateering archipelago. Intended to disenfranchise free gente de color and to re-commodify African slaves, the policy of whitening passports ended up marginalizing mariners and alienating them from consuls.
Yesterday is not Gone
Authors: O’Dell Emily Jane
Published: November 2020

Histories, memories, and legacies of slavery in Zanzibar have been rendered into words and images in autobiographies, novels, and films. In the 18th and 19th centuries, Zanzibar served as the main slave trading point in East Africa for the Indian Ocean slave trade, and its economy flourished on a slave-based plantation system. Memoirs by British missionaries and former slave owners from Zanzibar bear witness to the relational complexities of enslavement and the embodied realities of manumission, patronage, and (im)mobility. Postcolonial fiction writers from Zanzibar and the Sultanate of Oman have challenged the imposed silences around racialized and gendered violence in Zanzibar and Oman, and confronted the racism and Islamophobia inherent to the diasporic experience of Zanzibaris in Europe. In addition to the curation of former spaces related to slavery in Zanzibar, like the Slave Market, for tourist consumption, film has also emerged as a contested vehicle for representing Zanzibar’s slave past and breaking the silence on this still taboo topic. In the absence of a coherent narrative or archive of Zanzibar slavery past and modern revolutionary present, memories of slavery, sexual labor, and resistance embedded in memoirs, fiction, and film reveal the contested imaginaries of ethno-racial-cultural-national-religious identities, the imperial underpinnings of abolition, and the dissociative dissonance of the diaspora in the wake of Zanzibar’s revolutionary rupture.
A Traffic-Light System of State Arguments before the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Mallory Conall
Published: November 2020

Despite an often-tense relationship between Contracting Parties and those who administer the echr, the atmosphere within the Court remains relatively peaceful. I suggest that this harmony is the result of a traffic-light system of state arguments: ‘green’ for acceptable orthodox arguments, ‘amber’ for more dubious submissions, and ‘red’ for contentions that exceed the parameters of appropriate conduct. Using Stanley Fish’s theory of interpretive communities, I contend that the determining factor behind the acceptability of an argument is the reaction that it receives from the other stakeholders within the Convention system. The harmony is therefore the product of an implicit system of internal regulation. While this stability is to be celebrated, given the present global backlash against human rights, and ‘Strasbourg bashing’ more specifically, it is not to be taken for granted.
A new genus and three new species of South African Cicadettini (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadettinae)
Authors: SANBORN ALLEN F. , VILLET MARTIN H.
Published: November 2020

Ingcainyenzane irhiniensis n. gen., n. sp. and Ingcainyenzane nolukhanyoensis n. gen., n. sp. are described from Eastern Cape and Ingcainyenzane umgeniensis n. gen., n. sp. is described from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Notes on its biology of the species and a key to species of the genus are also provided.
Notes on Malagasy Discheramocephalus Johnson (Coleoptera: Ptiliidae)
Authors: JAŁOSZYŃSKI PAWEŁ
Published: November 2020

Two species of the featherwing beetle genus Discheramocephalus Johnson are known to occur in Madagascar. One of them is known from females only, and some important morphological structures have never been described and illustrated, including details of male genitalia. Morphology of the male of D. bisulcatus Darby is illustrated and described for the first time, including the aedeagus and abdominal structures, and the male genitalia of D. vasilii Darby are also illustrated in detail for the first time. Diagnoses of both species are emended to include newly described structures.
Microstructure and properties of Cf + TiB2/7075-modified layer by friction stir processing
Authors: Liu Shengrong , Xu Feng , Wang Hongfeng , Ge Xiaole , Pu Jiafei
Published: November 2020

This study was aimed at preparing a modified layer by implanting Cf + TiB2 mixed particles into the 7075 aluminum alloy using the friction stir processing (FSP) technology. The microstructure, hardness, and wear resistance of the FSP-modified area with different
process parameters were studied by microstructure analysis, hardness test, and friction and wear test. The results showed that the grains were refined and distributed evenly; the hardness was improved, especially in the central part of the region; and the friction coefficient was smaller in
the FSP-modified region in comparison with the that of the base metal under different process parameters. Moreover, the wear form of the base material and the FSP-modified area was "furrow + adhesion" comprehensive wear form, in which the base metal was mainly adhesive wear and the FSP-modified
area was mainly furrow wear. The grain refinement and hardness of the FSP-modified region obtained at a rotation speed of 1000 rpm and a forward speed of 10 mm/min were improved, and the wear resistance was the best.
Inclusive classroom interaction in lower secondary education
Authors: Braun Jürgen , Hollstein Oliver , Meseth Wolfgang
Published: November 2020

Following the German parliament’s ratification of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) in 2008, inclusive pedagogy has become increasingly relevant for educational science and educational policy. Empirical studies of classes which combine students with and without visual impairment mainly focus on questions of performance and well-being, while not directly examining classroom interactions. Our research seeks to address this notable lack of in-situ studies, using a selected case as an example and illustrating the potential of such an approach through reconstructing the contradictory expectations of inclusive teaching as a specific conflict of norms. This approach ought to demonstrate the potential insights to be gained by reconstructing and interpreting relevant communicative processes of meaning-construction. Based on transcribed interactions in an inclusive fifth-grade class, we interpret the scene of classroom instruction with regard to the normative conflict between the egalitarian promise of participation and a non-egalitarian focus on performance. Adopting a methodology of second-order observation, as outlined in Systems Theory, allows us to conduct an analysis of normativity in order to understand which norms prevail in interactions with students with and without visual impairment. At the center of the analysis is not only the common discrepancy between an inclusive school’s policy and its interactive implementation. Rather, our interpretations also show how the ableist norm of performance is navigated and negotiated among all participants in classroom communication and how the multitude of norms and expectations surrounding inclusive teaching come into conflict, that is, in the paradoxical structural tension between the operational necessity of establishing a separation between students and the policy imperative of decategorization.
Incidence of inborn errors of metabolism detected by tandem mass spectrometry in China: A census of over seven million newborns between 2016 and 2017
Authors: Deng Kui , Zhu Jun , Yu Erling , Xiang Liangcheng , Yuan Xuelian , Yao Yongna , Li Xiaohong , Liu Hanmin
Published: November 2020

Background

The incidence of inborn errors of metabolism varies widely across countries. Very few studies have analyzed the incidence of these disorders in Mainland China. We aimed to estimate the overall and disease-specific incidences of inborn errors of metabolism in Chinese newborns and investigate the geographical distribution of these disorders.

Methods

A national cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate newborn inborn errors of metabolism screening by tandem mass spectroscopy in Mainland China between 2016 and 2017. A total of 246 newborn screening centers were surveyed using a standardized questionnaire. We examined the cumulative and disease-specific incidences of inborn errors of metabolism in Mainland China as a whole and in different geographical locations.

Results

Over 7 million newborns were screened and 2747 were diagnosed with inborn errors of metabolism, yielding an overall incidence of 38.69 per 100,000 births (95% confidence interval: 37.27–40.17). The most common disorders were amino acid disorders (17.14 per 100,000 births, 95% confidence interval: 16.21–18.13), followed by organic acid disorders (12.39 per 100,000 births, 95% confidence interval: 11.60–13.24) and fatty acid oxidation disorders (9.16 per 100,000 births, 95% confidence interval: 8.48–9.89). The overall and disease-specific incidence rates differed significantly across geographical locations (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The overall incidence of inborn errors of metabolism in Chinese newborns is relatively high. It is urgent to establish the recommended uniform screening panel for inborn errors of metabolism to guide the national and regional tandem mass spectroscopy newborn screening programs.
Preparation of extra-large micropore Sn-zeolites and their catalytic performance in Baeyer–Villiger oxidations
Authors: Yang Boting , Cui Tianxiao
Published: November 2020

A series of extra-large micropore Sn-zeolites with different Si/Sn ratios is post-synthesized by treating the interlayer-expanded material ECNU-9-cal773 with a solution of HCl containing NH4F and SnCl4∙5H2O, named as IEZ-Sn-PLS-3(S4R). During treatment, HCl, NH4F, and SnCl4∙5H2O are hydrolyzed into H+, F+, and Sn4+ ions. The formation of a small amount of HF formed from H+ and F+ ions can corrode the Si atom of the zeolite sheets and generate hydroxy-nest defect sites, Sn4+ ions fill up the hydroxy-nests to form isolated framework Sn active sites. The structure and active sites of the obtained materials are studied by various characterization methods. IEZ-Sn-PLS-3(S4R) possesses a 14 × 12-ring (R) pore system and framework Sn active sites. With enlarged pore sizes, IEZ-Sn-PLS-3(S4R) has been proved to be efficient for catalyzing the Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of 2-admantanone using H2O2 as the oxidant. The low Si/Sn sample resulted in a higher conversion compared to typical 12-ring zeolite Sn-Beta hydrothermally synthesized in an F− system.
Roles of periodic breathing and isocapnic buffering period during exercise in heart failure
Authors: Agostoni Piergiuseppe , Emdin Michele , De Martino Fabiana , Apostolo Anna , Masè Marco , Contini Mauro , Carriere Cosimo , Vignati Carlo , Sinagra Gianfranco
Published: November 2020

In heart failure, exercise – induced periodic breathing and end tidal carbon dioxide pressure value during the isocapnic buffering period are two features identified at cardiopulmonary exercise testing strictly related to sympathetic activation. In the present review we analysed the physiology behind periodic breathing and the isocapnic buffering period and present the relevant prognostic value of both periodic breathing and the presence/absence of the identifiable isocapnic buffering period.
Toxicity and Antimicrobial Activities of Amaranthus caudatus L. (Amaranthaceae) Harvested From Formulated Soils at Different Growth Stages
Authors: Jimoh Muhali Olaide , Afolayan Anthony Jide , Lewu Francis Bayo
Published: November 2020

This study examined the toxicity and antimicrobial effects of ethanol and aqueous extracts from Amaranthus caudatus grown on soils formulated from parent particles of silt, sand and clay in a glasshouse. Four different soils namely; sandy clay loam, loam, clayey loam and silty clay loam from were formulated were used for cultivation with the unfractionated soil which was the control. Crude extracts obtained from the plant shoots harvested at different growth stages were tested on some certain gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and some fungi via agar dilution assay. The toxicity of the water and ethanol extracts was also examined via Artemia salina assay and the level of lethality was measured against Clarkson’s lethality scale. All aqueous samples, as well as ethanol extracts of flowering and pre-flowering harvests of control soil tested, were non-toxic (LC50 > 1 mg/mL). At post flowering, the ethanolic extracts were highly toxic mostly in clayey loam, control, sandy-clayey loam soils (LC50 < 0.5 mg/mL). Also, antifungal effects of the plant revealed that extracts inhibited the growth of Candida albicans significantly with mild effect on Candida glabrata, Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium aurantiogriseum suggesting that the plant is a promising pharmacological candidate in the treatment of candidiasis. For an optimal yield of non-toxic supplement for household consumption which may also serve as pharmacological precursors, clayey loam soil is recommended for cultivation and harvesting may occur at pre-flowering or flowering stage using ethanol and water as solvents of extraction.
Correction to: The use of intravenous immunoglobulin gamma for the treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Gharebaghi Naser , Nejadrahim Rahim , Mousavi Seyed Jalil , Sadat-Ebrahimi Seyyed-Reza , Hajizadeh Reza
Published: November 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Engaging community health workers in maternal and infant death identification in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a pilot study
Authors: Igumbor Jude , Adetokunboh Olatunji , Muller Jocelyn , Bosire Edna N. , Ajuwon Ademola , Phetlhu Rene , Mbule Marjorie , Ronan Agnes , Burtt Fiona , Scheepers Esca , Schmitz Kathrin
Published: November 2020

Background

Engaging community health workers in a formalised death review process through verbal and social autopsy has been utilised in different settings to estimate the burden and causes of mortality, where civil registration and vital statistics systems are weak. This method has not been widely adopted. We piloted the use of trained community health workers (CHW) to investigate the extent of unreported maternal and infant deaths in Khayelitsha and explored requirements of such a programme and the role of CHWs in bridging gaps.

Methods

This was a mixed methods study, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative methods. Case identification and data collection were done by ten trained CHWs. Quantitative data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Qualitative data were collected using semi-structured interview guides for key informant interviews, focus group discussions and informal conversations. Qualitative data were analysed thematically using a content analysis approach.

Results

Although more than half of the infant deaths occurred in hospitals (n = 11/17), about a quarter that occurred at home (n = 4/17) were unreported. Main causes of deaths as perceived by family members of the deceased were related to uncertainty about the quality of care in the facilities, socio-cultural and economic contexts where people lived and individual factors. Most unreported deaths were further attributed to weak facility-community links and socio-cultural practices. Fragmented death reporting systems were perceived to influence the quality of the data and this impacted on the number of unreported deaths. Only two maternal deaths were identified in this pilot study.

Conclusions

CHWs can conduct verbal and social autopsy for maternal and infant deaths to complement formal vital registration systems. Capacity development, stakeholder’s engagement, supervision, and support are essential for a community-linked death review system. Policymakers and implementers should establish a functional relationship between community-linked reporting systems and the existing system as a starting point. There is a need for more studies to confirm or build on our pilot findings.
Cost-utility analysis of pralatrexate for relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma based on a case-matched historical control study along with single arm clinical trial
Authors: Park Seonyoung , Kim Ah-Young , Cho Hyeonseok , Baik Deborah , Lee Hankil , Cho Sunghwa , Kang Hye-Young
Published: November 2020

Background

Patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma (R/R PTCL) treated with pralatrexate have previously shown superior overall survival (OS) compared to those who underwent conventional chemotherapy (CC, 15.4 vs. 4.07 months). We conducted an economic evaluation of pralatrexate from a societal perspective in Korea based on data from the PROPEL phase II study.

Methods

Using a Markov model with a weekly cycle, we simulated the experience of patients with R/R PTCL receiving pralatrexate or CC for 15 years. The model consists of five health states; initial treatment, treatment pause, subsequent treatment, stem cell transplantation (SCT) success, and death. Comparative effectiveness was based on PROPEL phase II single-arm study and its matched historical control analysis. Costs included drug, drug administration, monitoring, adverse event management, and SCT costs.

Results

The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of the base case was $39,153 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. The results of one-way sensitivity analysis ranged from $33,949 to $51,846 per QALY gained, which remained within an implicit willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of anticancer drugs in Korea.

Conclusions

Pralatrexate is a cost-effective intervention with improved OS and incremental costs within the WTP limit. Pralatrexate could function as a new therapeutic option for patients suffering from life-threatening R/R PTCL.
A qualitative exploration of what works for migrant adolescents in transcultural psychotherapy: perceptions of adolescents, their parents, and their therapists
Authors: Grau Léa , Carretier Emilie , Moro Marie-Rose , Revah-Levy Anne , Sibeoni Jordan , Lachal Jonathan
Published: November 2020

Background

Migrant adolescents are at a higher risk than their native-born counterparts of psychiatric disorders, and their care is a public health issue. In France, transcultural psychotherapy is a treatment provided by a group of therapists designed to meet the specific needs of these patients when usual care appears ineffective. The objective of this study was to explore the therapeutic elements at work in transcultural psychotherapy.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative study crossing the perspectives of adolescents receiving transcultural psychotherapy, their parents, their first-line therapist (FLT), and the transcultural therapists. The families were chosen by purposive sampling. Data were collected during semi-structured individual (for FLTs) and group (families and transcultural therapists) interviews that explored the therapeutic elements involved and effective in transcultural psychotherapy. We usedinterpretative phenomenological analysis(IPA) to examine the data. In all, 44 participants were questioned: three adolescents (2 girls and 1 boy, all aged 18 to 21 years) and their parents (3 mothers and 1 father), three FLTs (2 child psychiatrists and 1 psychologist), and the 34 therapists participating in the three transcultural psychotherapy groups.

Results

The analysis uncovered three themes: (1) the perceived effectiveness of the group’s functioning; (2) the recounting of the individual, family, and cultural history to allow for complexity and nuance; and (3) the personal investment by therapists, made possible by the group.

Conclusions

Our results show some therapeutic elements at work in transcultural psychotherapy that enable it to meet the particular needs of some migrant adolescents that are unmet in standard therapy. Continuing to study transcultural psychotherapy and assess its effectiveness is essential for promoting and optimizing psychiatric care for migrant adolescents.
Inequalities in health and health-related indicators: a spatial geographic analysis of Pakistan
Authors: Khan Sami Ullah , Hussain Ijaz
Published: November 2020

Background

In developing countries, Pakistan is one of the countries where access to health and health-related indicators is a major concern. Their improvement would reduce inequalities among various Communities/Districts or groups of Communities. A Community health index (CHI) in this regard is estimated to explore inequality ratio, inequality slope, and spatial analysis of inequalities among all Communities at regional and geographical levels.

Methods

Data from Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement (PSLM) survey, Round-VI, 2014–15 were used to construct CHI. The index was constructed in two steps. In the first step, the study indicators were standardized while in the second step, the standardized indicators were aggregated into a single metric by applying non-linear Geometric Mean formula.

Results

The inequality ratio of 16.59 estimated for Pakistan was found to be higher than the ratio of Atlanta city, GA (5.92), whereas, a lower slope coefficient was estimated for Pakistan than Atlanta city, GA (0.38 < 0.54). This ratio of disparity was also found to be lower for urban regions as compared to rural (7.78 < 17.54). While the slope coefficient was slightly higher for urban regions (0.45 > 0.43). The results of the spatial analysis revealed different patterns of inequalities. A cluster of healthy districts was found in Punjab province, whereas districts from Baluchistan had made a bunch of deprived/unhealthy districts in terms of CHI scores. Besides, separate maps for all provinces showed that capital districts of all provinces were relatively well-off/developed.

Conclusion

The instant results concluded that inequalities in access to health and health-related indicators exist across countries as well as across geographical regions. To reduce or eradicate these inequalities, government and public health workers are recommended to set priorities based on access to composite index.
The effects of containment measures in the Italian outbreak of COVID-19
Authors: Supino M. , d’Onofrio A. , Luongo F. , Occhipinti G. , Dal Co A.
Published: November 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic is spreading worldwide. Italy emerged early on as the country with the largest outbreak outside Asia. The outbreak in Northern Italy demonstrates that it is fundamental to contain the virus’ spread at a very early stage of diffusion. At later stages, no containment measure, even if strict, can prevent the saturation of the hospitals and of the intensive care units in any country. Here we show that it is possible to predict when the intensive care units will saturate, within a few days from the beginning of the exponential growth of COVID-19 intensive care patients. Using early counts of intensive care patients, we predict the saturation for Lombardy, Italy. We also assess short-term and long-term lockdown effects on intensive care units and number of deaths. Governments should use the Italian outbreak as a precedent and implement appropriate containment measures to prevent the saturation of their intensive care units and protect their population, also, and above all, in anticipation of a possible second exponential spread of infections.
Polypharmacy is a risk factor for hospital admission due to a fall: evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Zaninotto P. , Huang Y. T. , Di Gessa G. , Abell J. , Lassale C. , Steptoe A.
Published: November 2020

Background

Falls amongst older people are common; however, around 40% of falls could be preventable. Medications are known to increase the risk of falls in older adults. The debate about reducing the number of prescribed medications remains controversial, and more evidence is needed to understand the relationship between polypharmacy and fall-related hospital admissions. We examined the effect of polypharmacy on hospitalization due to a fall, using a large nationally representative sample of older adults.

Methods

Data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) were used. We included 6220 participants aged 50+ with valid data collected between 2012 and 2018.The main outcome measure was hospital admission due to a fall. Polypharmacy -the number of long-term prescription drugs- was the main exposure coded as: no medications, 1–4 medications, 5–9 medications (polypharmacy) and 10+ medications (heightened polypharmacy). Competing-risk regression analysis was used (with death as a potential competing risk), adjusted for common confounders, including multi-morbidity and fall risk-increasing drugs.

Results

The prevalence of people admitted to hospital due to a fall increased according to the number of medications taken, from 1.5% of falls for people reporting no medications, to 4.7% of falls among those taking 1–4 medications, 7.9% of falls among those with polypharmacy and 14.8% among those reporting heightened polypharmacy. Fully adjusted SHRs for hospitalization due to a fall among people who reported taking 1–4 medications, polypharmacy and heightened polypharmacy were 1.79 (1.18; 2.71), 1.75 (1.04; 2.95), and 3.19 (1.61; 6.32) respectively, compared with people who were not taking medications.

Conclusions

The risk of hospitalization due to a fall increased with polypharmacy. It is suggested that prescriptions in older people should be revised on a regular basis, and that the number of medications prescribed be kept to a minimum, in order to reduce the risk of fall-related hospital admissions.